PMID- 3894220 TI - The immunology of experimental liver transplantation in the rat. AB - In many species, the rejection of liver allografts is milder than that of other organs. This is especially so in the rat where, without immunosuppressive treatment, liver grafts between certain strain combinations are accepted permanently, whereas skin, heart and renal allografts undergo acute rejection. Reliable surgical methods, together with the availability of inbred strains and a rapidly developing knowledge of its MHC and immune system in general, have made the rat a prime species in which to study the immunological events which follow liver grafting. In non-rejector combinations, liver allografts possess remarkable properties of tolerance induction and antigen-specific immunosuppression, leading to a state of donor-specific unresponsiveness in which grafts of other organs are also accepted. Moreover, liver transplantation can terminate ongoing rejection reactions in other organs and convert an existing state of sensitization against donor antigens into one of unresponsiveness. This review describes recent progress in understanding the immunological mechanisms behind these phenomena. The topics discussed include the rat MHC (RT1) antigens and their distribution in the liver; the genetic control of rejection and non-rejection, including the role of MHC-linked immune response genes; and cellular and humoral mechanisms involved in tolerance and immunosuppression, such as clonal deletion of alloreactive lymphocytes and antibody-mediated enhancement. PMID- 3894221 TI - Differential expression of HLA class II antigens on human fetal and adult lymphocytes and macrophages. AB - A panel of monoclonal antibodies to monomorphic determinants of the MHC class II subregion locus products: DP, DR and DQ, was used to investigate the expression of these antigens on early lymphocytes and macrophages from human fetal liver (13 20 weeks), placenta (16 weeks and term) and cord blood, in relation to the class II phenotype of cells from adult tonsil and peripheral blood. Fetal liver sections and cell suspensions showed differential expression of class II antigens. DP was expressed at a higher frequency (11.0% of nucleated cells) than DR on lymphoid cells and macrophages from fetal liver, and DQ was either absent or expressed on less than 0.3% of nucleated cells. Consistent with this finding, DP but not DR or DQ antigens were observed on vascular elements and macrophages in the villi of 16-week placenta. At term, all three subregion locus products were expressed. Adult tonsil and peripheral blood B lymphocytes expressed DP, DR and DQ antigens with similar frequency; however, DQ was expressed at a lower frequency than DP and DR on cord blood B lymphocytes. In contrast, 30-50% macrophages from cord blood and adult peripheral blood expressed DP and DR, but fewer (5% and 18%, respectively) expressed DQ. These data suggest that class II antigens are expressed in the sequence DP, DR, DQ on developing lymphocytes. A similar sequence is suggested for macrophages. PMID- 3894222 TI - Macrophage functions in Biozzi mice. AB - The faster degradation of antigen by macrophages in Biozzi low (L) responder mice, compared to Biozzi high (H) responder mice, is thought to be responsible for their lower antibody response. We have measured four functions associated with macrophages to see whether macrophages from L mice were generally more active than those from H mice. Peritoneal macrophages obtained from normal mice were compared with those from groups of mice given Mycobacterium bovis BCG or Propionibacterium acnes. Cells from normal H mice gave a stronger oxidative burst when triggered with phorbol myristate acetate, and were more cytotoxic for tumour cells than cells from L mice. Cells from all mice injected with BCG or P. acnes gave a stronger oxidative burst, and were more cytotoxic for tumour cells; again, both responses were higher in H mice than in L mice. By contrast, when groups of mice that had received P. acnes were given endotoxin and bled, higher titres of tumour necrosis factor were found in the sera of L mice. Spleen cells from both lines of mice released similar levels of interleukin-1, both spontaneously and in response to lipopolysaccharide. Our results suggest that these various macrophage responses are expressed independently in H and L mice. PMID- 3894223 TI - In vivo polyclonal stimulation of antibody secretion by two types of bacteria. AB - We previously proposed that one benefit of early polyclonal antibody secretion after bacterial infection might be the formation of antibodies protective against infection by a second pathogen. In order to analyse this possibility, the polyclonal and anti-phosphorylcholine (PC) plaque-forming cell (PFC) response induced by Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I (SA) was compared with the same responses stimulated by unencapsulated Streptococcus pneumonia strain R36a. S. aureus stimulated significant anti-PC PFCs, despite an inability to detect immunoassay-reactive PC on the surface of SA (present on R36a). The induction of these antibodies appeared very similar to the mechanism for producing polyclonal responses. R36a also stimulated both anti-PC and polyclonal PFCs, but by different means. In summary, our data suggest that each type of bacteria induces polyclonal and anti-PC responses through different mechanisms, and that the polyclonal antibody response stimulated by one group of bacteria can contain antibodies directed towards a second and different genus of bacteria. PMID- 3894224 TI - Characterization of two sheep lymphocyte differentiation antigens, SBU-T1 and SBU T6. AB - The monoclonal antibodies 25.91 and 20.27 define two lymphocyte cell surface antigens of sheep. 25.91 is reactive with 60-80% of lymphocytes and 98% of thymocytes, and only stains surface immunoglobulin-negative peripheral lymphocytes. 25.91 immuno-precipitates a 67,000 MW protein from lymphocyte lysates under both reducing and non-reducing conditions, whereas immunoprecipitation of thymocyte lysates reveals a 67,000, 62,000 MW complex. The tissue distribution and molecular weight analysis reported here for the antigen recognized by 25.91 indicate that this antigen is the sheep homologue of the human T1 and mouse Ly 1 antigens. The monoclonal antibody 20.27 is reactive with 80% of thymocytes and the majority of cell surface immunoglobulin-positive peripheral blood lymphocytes (B cells), but is unreactive with peripheral blood T cells. 20-27 also stains Langerhans cells in skin tissue sections and large dendritic-like cells in the paracortex sections and large dendritic-like cells in the paracortex of lymph node tissue sections. Immunoperoxidase staining of thymus tissue sections with 20.27 shows intense staining of cortical thymocytes and an absence of staining within the medulla. Molecular weight analysis of the 20.27 antigen reveals two major bands of 46,000 and 12,000 MW under both reducing and non-reducing conditions. The 20.27 antigen has properties resembling MHC class I like antigens such as T6 in the human and TL in the mouse. PMID- 3894225 TI - Surface antigens, SBU-T4 and SBU-T8, of sheep T lymphocyte subsets defined by monoclonal antibodies. AB - Monoclonal antibodies have been used to characterize molecules found on the surfaces of T cells of sheep. SBU-T4 and STU-T8 are present on 80-85% of thymocytes, absent from B lymphocytes, and present on two-thirds and one-third of lymph node T lymphocytes, respectively. Double-labelling of T lymphocytes shows that the populations recognized are mutually exclusive. Immunoprecipitation of the SBU-T4 antigen from thymocytes and T lymphocytes reveals a molecule which migrates on SDS-PAGE as a single band of 56,000 MW under both reducing and non reducing conditions. Under reducing conditions, the SBU-T8 molecule migrates as two bands of 33,000 and 36,000 MW when immunoprecipitated from thymocytes, but only the higher MW band is present following immunoprecipitation from peripheral lymphocytes. Under non-reducing conditions, SBU-T8 migrates as dimers and other multiples. Based on immunofluorescent, immunochemical and immunohistological data, these molecules are considered to be the structural analogues of the marker molecules used to delineate T-helper and T-cytotoxic/suppressor lymphocyte subsets of other species. PMID- 3894227 TI - Sequential changes in the antibody response of Mastomys natalensis consequent to Brugia malayi infection. PMID- 3894226 TI - Serological expression after sequential double transfection with purified HLA-A11 gene of mouse fibroblasts carrying human beta-2 microglobulin. AB - A genomic cosmid library constructed from DNA from a genotyped individual (JF = HLA-A11, Cw-, B38/A26, Cw7, B51) was screened for clones containing class I histocompatibility genes. Among these clones, one was found to carry a 4.8 kb Hind III fragment which is highly correlated with HLA-A11. This clone was used to transfect LMTK+ cultured mouse fibroblast transformants expressing human beta-2 microglobulin. The human beta-2 microglobulin heavy chain-associated determinant was positively detected by the M18 monoclonal antibody. HLA-A11 expression on these doubly transformed cells was specifically demonstrated by complement dependent cytotoxicity with HLA-A11 + A3-specific but not with HLA-A3-specific monoclonal antibodies. Absorption studies with human alloantisera confirmed the presence on these cells of HLA-A11 determinants and of cross-reacting determinants which absorbed anti-HLA-A1 and -A3 alloantisera. The JF5-J27 transfected cell expressed both heavy and light chains of human class I histocompatibility genes. PMID- 3894228 TI - Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay using penicillinase in serodiagnosis of toxoplasmosis. PMID- 3894229 TI - Role of resident macrophages, peripheral neutrophils, and translymphatic absorption in bacterial clearance from the peritoneal cavity. AB - Microbial pathogens within the peritoneal cavity are thought to encounter three categories of host defense mechanisms: (i) removal mechanisms, which occur via diaphragmatic lymphatic absorption; (ii) killing mechanisms, in which host phagocytes act as effector cells; and (iii) sequestration mechanisms due to fibrin trapping and the formation of adhesions between visceral surfaces. We sought to define and quantitate the relative role of the first two components in an experimental rat model of Escherichia coli peritonitis in which fibrinous adhesions do not form. Intraperitoneal challenge with greater than or equal to 2 X 10(8) CFU of viable E. coli led to an initial decline in bacterial numbers followed by ongoing proliferation and greater than 50% mortality. With inocula of less than or equal to 5 X 10(7) CFU, elimination of bacteria occurred after moderate initial proliferation, and no mortality ensued. Nonviable, radiolabeled E. coli organisms were utilized to examine bacterial clearance via translymphatic absorption and phagocytosis. Both processes were extremely rapid, serving to eliminate free bacteria rapidly within the peritoneal cavity. Although macrophages and polymorphonuclear leukocytes within the peritoneal cavity demonstrated similar phagocytic capacities, the predominance of macrophages at the time of the initial bacterial insult led to the conclusion that these cells, in addition to translymphatic absorption, represent the first line of host defenses, acting to eliminate bacteria in the incipient stages of infection. PMID- 3894230 TI - Identification of a surface antigen of Trichomonas vaginalis. AB - A major surface antigen of Trichomonas vaginalis was purified by using three independently derived monoclonal antibodies (two immunoglobulin M and one immunoglobulin G1) prepared against T. vaginalis PHS-2J. A 115,000-molecular weight antigen and one or more components with a molecular weight of 58,000 to 64,000 were recovered when any of the three antibodies was used as an immunoadsorbent. The purified antigen reacted with all three monoclonal antibodies in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, indicating that the antibodies recognized the same antigen but not necessarily the same determinant. The purified antigen was sensitive to both pronase digestion and periodate oxidation. The antigen was shown to be on the external surface of some but not all T. vaginalis isolates by agglutination of live organisms with the monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 3894231 TI - Activation and inhibition of Limulus amebocyte lysate coagulation by chemically defined substructures of lipid A. AB - Recent work with lipid mutants of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium has helped to elucidate the correct structure of lipid A and has suggested a biosynthetic pathway. Precursor molecules include diacylglucosamine 1-phosphates and tetraacyl disaccharide bis-phosphates. The activities of several of these compounds and of their derivatives were measured by Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) assay. We report that (i) both mono- and disaccharide precursors of lipid A activate LAL, (ii) two acyl chains on the monosaccharide subunit of lipid A are necessary for activation of LAL, and (iii) the monosaccharide, 2 monoacylglucosamine 1-phosphate can competitively inhibit LAL activation by diacyl monosaccharide lipid A precursors. However, 2-monoacylglucosamine 1 phosphate did not inhibit endotoxin activation of LAL. One unanticipated finding was that the activities of the monosaccharides were reduced upon storage even though their covalent structures were unchanged. Perhaps this is due to alterations in physical state. Thus, these lipid A precursors and derivatives offer some insight into the structural features required for activation of the LAL assay and may in the future provide derivatives which are competitive inhibitors of endotoxin. PMID- 3894232 TI - Dissociation between interleukin-1 and interleukin-2 production in proliferative response to microbial antigens: restorative effect of exogenous interleukin-2. AB - The relationship between the production of interleukin-1 (IL-1) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) after stimulation of human mononuclear cells within an antigenic extract from Candida albicans was analyzed in both responder and nonresponder donors. Culture supernatants from responders contained both IL-1 and IL-2 activity, whereas the supernatants from nonresponders contained only IL-1 and no appreciable IL-2. However, the addition of exogenous IL-2 to nonresponder cultures restored the normal proliferative response. Similar observations were made when cells from mice infected intravenously with high doses of Mycobacterium bovis BCG were cultured; these cells showed a marked impairment of the proliferative response to purified protein derivative. Spleen cells from BCG induced unresponsive mice failed to produce IL-2 despite the fact that normal IL 1 activity was present in the culture. Again, the addition of exogenous IL-2 fully reversed the proliferative unresponsiveness. Thus, the presence of IL-1 does not necessarily induce production of IL-2, and the proliferative unresponsiveness is therefore due to a primary lack of IL-2. PMID- 3894233 TI - Immunochemical characterization of a protein associated with Mycobacterium leprae cell wall. AB - A panel of nine monoclonal antibodies to Mycobacterium leprae were used to characterize a protein antigen of the bacillus. Two monoclonal antibodies (IVD8 and IIIE9) were specific for M. leprae and reacted with an epitope (CWPa) present on a protein molecule associated with the cell wall fraction of M. leprae. This protein, designated cell wall-associated protein (CWP), lost its immunoreactivity upon treatment with trypsin and had an apparent molecular weight of 65,000, though additional lower-molecular-weight forms of the protein were observed by immunoblotting. Four other cross-reactive epitopes (CWPb, CWPc, CWPd, and CWPe) were defined on the same molecule using seven independent monoclonal antibodies. Therefore, M. leprae possesses a trypsin-sensitive, heat-stable protein associated with the cell wall which contains at least one species-specific and four cross-reactive antigenic determinants. PMID- 3894234 TI - Enhanced oxidative burst in immunologically activated but not elicited polymorphonuclear leukocytes correlates with fungicidal activity. AB - Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) induced locally in immune mice by intraperitoneal injection of antigen exhibit enhanced fungicidal activity compared with PMN elicited with thioglycolate. The mechanism of the differences in these PMN populations was studied. Sublethal infection was used to produce immunity to Blastomyces dermatitidis. A correlation was sought between the ability of PMN to kill, or not kill, B. dermatitidis and the production of the oxidative burst, as measured by luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence (CL). Although elicited PMN cocultured with Candida albicans produced a burst of CL and were candidacidal, killing did not occur when PMN were cocultured with B. dermatitidis. Lack of killing of B. dermatitidis by elicited PMN correlated with lack of stimulation of a brisk oxidative burst. In contrast to elicited PMN, PMN induced by B. dermatitidis antigen responded to this fungus with a burst of CL and a significant reduction of inoculum CFU (80%). Furthermore, these PMN when cocultured with C. albicans produced an enhanced burst of CL, and killing was enhanced compared with that by elicited PMN, e.g., 86 versus 58%. The CL burst and killing of B. dermatitidis by antigen-induced PMN was abrogated in the presence of catalase, implying a critical role for hydrogen peroxide. Partial but significant depression of CL and killing in the presence of dimethyl sulfoxide, a hydroxyl radical scavenger, identified hydroxyl radical, or its metabolites, as a toxic product(s) responsible for a significant fraction of fungicidal activity. These results indicate that the metabolic activity and microbicidal activity of PMN can be altered (enhanced) at the site of an immunological reaction and thus could constitute an important factor in resistance. PMID- 3894235 TI - Kinetics of assembly and decay of complement components on Escherichia coli O111:B4 preparation of stable intermediates. AB - The preparation of bacterial intermediates bearing complement components at various steps of the complement sequence was investigated by suspending immunoglobulin M-opsonized Escherichia coli O111:B4 cells in complement-deficient sera at different temperatures and ionic strengths. The optimal conditions for the formation of the intermediates at Tmax were found to be an ionic strength of 0.091 mu and a temperature of 37 degrees C, except for BAC142, which could be formed equally well at room temperature. In contrast to all the other intermediates, which, once formed at Tmax, were stable in the presence of the whole serum, BAC142 decayed with a half-life of 10 min due to the lability of bound C2. Washing with a buffer of either 0.091 or 0.046 mu did not affect the bacterial intermediates, with the exception of BAC1-3 formed either in the presence of C5-deficient serum or with purified C3 added to BAC142. All the intermediates were found to be stable after incubation in 0.091-mu buffer for 30 min at 37 degrees C. PMID- 3894236 TI - Kinetics of growth and toxigenicity of Clostridium botulinum in experimental wound botulism. AB - An animal model of wound botulism was developed in mice using an inoculum of Clostridium botulinum type A spores. The number of C. botulinum in infected wounds was quantitated by culturing on egg yolk agar, and the level of C. botulinum toxin in infected wound tissue was measured by a bioassay in mice and by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. All infected mice receiving no further treatment developed neuroparalytic symptoms consistent with botulism after an incubation period of ca. 48 h, and all of these animals died. Serotherapy with C. botulinum type A antitoxin initiated 24 h postchallenge reduced the mortality rate to 5%. Treatment with metronidazole 2 to 24 h postchallenge resulted in recovery rates of 40 to 91%. PMID- 3894237 TI - The microcomputer in the dental office: a new diagnostic aid. AB - The first computer applications in the dental office were based upon standard accountancy procedures. Recently, more and more computer applications have become available to meet the specific requirements of dental practice. This implies not only business procedures, but also facilities to store patient records in the system and retrieve them easily. Another development concerns the automatic calculation of diagnostic data such as those provided in cephalometric analysis. Furthermore, growth and surgical results in the craniofacial area can be predicted by computerized extrapolation. Computers have been useful in obtaining the patient's anamnestic data objectively and for the making of decisions based on such data. Computer-aided instruction systems have been developed for undergraduate students to bridge the gap between textbook and patient interaction without the risks inherent in the latter. Radiology will undergo substantial changes as a result of the application of electronic imaging devices instead of the conventional radiographic films. Computer-assisted electronic imaging will enable image processing, image enhancement, pattern recognition and data transmission for consultation and storage purposes. Image processing techniques will increase image quality whilst still allowing low-dose systems. Standardization of software and system configuration and the development of 'user friendly' programs is the major concern for the near future. PMID- 3894238 TI - Simple tests for caries susceptibility. AB - Two major problems dominate today's clinical cariology: although it has been known for centuries that sugar harms teeth this still does not often impinge on personal behaviour; the development of clinical caries is so slow that any snapshot of the present situation does not necessarily predict future caries incidence. Some simple tests have been developed for overcoming these problems in a causally directed diagnostic and therapeutic system of providing dental care. Routine measurement of stimulated salivary flow collected over 5 min objectively reveals the hyposalivation or xerostomic patients and directs them toward careful dental and medical examinations as well as to intensified preventive measures. Measurement of the pH and buffering capacity of the saliva related to a knowledge of the present caries prevalence gives an indication of the caries susceptibility of the patient. A high salivary lactobacillus count reveals in most cases a high frequency of sugar intake (or removable dentures and/or open carious lesions), and a salivary yeast infection is an indicator of reduced salivary flow and removable dentures. Both these microbiological shifts are shown by caries active patients. Using modern dip-slide techniques salivary aciduric lactobacilli and yeasts are easily cultured, and thus the development of new caries lesions may be predicted. Such cultures can also be used in the motivation phases of patient management. These simple tests help the modern dentist to evaluate the risk of future caries development, and to strengthen the motivation in patients to adopt healthy dietary habits. PMID- 3894239 TI - Testing for occlusal disharmonies. AB - Occlusal disharmony can present in a variety of forms. It affects both very young and very old patients. Occlusal disharmony can directly cause problems within the stomatognathic system, or indirectly be the result of another condition. Moreover, occlusal disharmony may be implicated in conditions of multi-factorial origin such as mandibular pain disharmony can directly cause problems within the stomatognathic system, or indirectly be the result of another condition. treatment, prevent complications, and often yield improved results. In the last decade rapid technological advance has resulted in many testing procedures becoming available to supplement the traditional diagnostic methods. However, this technological development has been such that practising dentists will have difficulty in keeping up with the use of the newer diagnostic instrumentation. Advanced education will be required if dentists are to utilize the instrumentation to its full capability both at the diagnostic and therapeutic levels. It is also likely that the amount of expertise required to utilize the available technology will further emphasise the necessity of diagnosis at the team level for many of the more complex occlusal disharmonies. PMID- 3894240 TI - A comparison of the effectiveness of dentine bonding agents. AB - Tensile and shear bond strengths between prepared surfaces of coronal dentine and cores of composite materials using different bonding systems were determined. Control procedures demonstrated that tensile bond strengths were approximately doubled by the use of bonding agents in systems requiring initial cleansing or etching of dentine. Similar increases were found in shear bond strengths. When bonding to different depths of dentine was compared shear and tensile bond strengths to the more occlusal dentine were greater than to more pulpally placed dentine. The factors which appear to affect bond strength under laboratory conditions are: etching of dentine (but beware of this procedure clinically); the smear layer and its removal; polymerization shrinkage of composite materials; the depth and plane of bonded dentine; the use of fresh or stored dentine; and the structure of the treated dentine. PMID- 3894241 TI - Bonding of restorative materials to dentine: the present status in Japan. AB - Monomers which promote adhesion not only to enamel but also to dentine have been prepared. They have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups. The monomers are 2 hydroxy-3-beta-naphthoxypropyl methacrylate, 2-methacryloxyethyl phenyl hydrogen phosphoric acid and 4-methacryloxyethyl trimellitate anhydride. Chemical reaction between monomers and tooth substrates did not lead to adhesion. Cleaning of the ground tooth surface to remove the smeared layer with aqueous 10 per cent citric acid and 3 per cent ferric chloride solution prior to adhesion is recommended. Then, the lipophilic monomers will promote the inter-penetration of monomers into the hard tissues. The infiltrated methacrylates polymerize there and good adhesion takes place. The layer has good resistance against acid and is, in effect, a resin reinforced dentine and enamel as demonstrated by SEM and TEM. The tensile adhesive strength to the cleaned dentine was 18 MN/m2 and to the enamel 14 MN/m2. On the other hand, the value was reduced to 6 MN/m2 when the dentine had been etched by phosphoric acid or citric acid. The ferric chloride added to the citric acid protected dentinal collagen during demineralization. However, the ferric chloride provided ineffective protection against an acid as strong as phosphoric acid. The high bond strength was not dependent upon interlocking at the dentinal tubules as had been considered previously. The resin reinforced dentine and enamel is a hybrid of natural tissue and artificial material and is valuable in the prevention of secondary caries after restoration. PMID- 3894242 TI - Bonding of restorative materials to dentine: the present status in the United States. AB - In the United States there is a new method for obtaining strong adhesive bonding between composite resins and both dentine and enamel. This experimental procedure has not reached commercial availability but several manufacturers are making preparations to supply it. The procedure comprises the sequential application of three compounds in solution. The first is an aqueous solution of ferric oxalate which conditions the dentine or enamel surface. The second is an acetone solution of a surface-active compound such as N-phenylglycine. After the acetone evaporates the excess compound is removed by the use of more solvent. The next step is the application of an acetone solution of a monomer that resembles the BIS-GMA used in composite resins but which has certain important differences. The short label for it is 'PMDM' because it is the reaction product of pyromellitic dianhydride and 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate. When the volatile solvent quickly evaporates a thin layer of the PMDM remains on the treated dentine or enamel surface. Composite resins will then adhere strongly to these prepared surfaces, giving tensile adhesive bond strengths up to 14 MN/m2. Bond strengths of this magnitude have, on at least ten occasions, been sufficient to break pieces of dentine out of the surfaces of the extracted teeth during testing. The bond strengths to dentine obtained by this method in the laboratory are much higher than the strengths obtained with commercially available materials. The new technique is more complicated than those now in use. This creates a challenge to the dental manufacturers who must produce and supply these materials in a storage stable form and who must provide directions that will lead to their proper use and the best results.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3894243 TI - Bonding of restorative materials to dentine: the present status in the Federal Republic of Germany. AB - It is desirable for filling materials to adhere over the entire area of contact with enamel and dentine. At present we try to achieve adhesion to dentine either by intermediate linking layers (primers) or by the use of 'adhesive' filling materials. Bond strength to dentine attainable with the adhesive glass ionomer cements ChemFil II, Fuji-Ionomer Type II and Ketac-Fil and the primers Scotchbond and Dentin-Adhesit were determined. The tests were carried out on specimens stored for 3 and 21 days in distilled water at 37 degrees C; they were also subjected to thermal cycling. The highest measured bond strength with the glass ionomer cements was about 3.2 MN/m2; etching of the dentine did not generally intensify the bond, while thermal cycling had a slightly negative effect on adhesion. The highest bond strength measured with the primers was about 4.7 MN/m2. There were clear differences between the individual products; in those with very strong primary adhesion, etching of the dentine resulted in impairment of the bond, while thermal cycling had a clear adverse effect. PMID- 3894244 TI - Preparation of antibodies to guinea pig IgE and its use for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of IgE antibodies. AB - Guinea pigs were infected with Trichinella spiralis. A pooled serum from the infected guinea pigs was fractionated by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography and Sephadex G-200 gel filtration. An IgE-rich fraction was injected into rabbits. The antiserum from the rabbits, after appropriate absorption with a normal guinea pig plasma, formed a precipitin line in immunoelectrophoresis and in immunodiffusion against a guinea pig serum containing IgE antibodies to ovalbumin. Uptake of 125I ovalbumin was observed in radioimmunoelectrophoresis. This anti IgE could be used in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of IgE antibodies to ovalbumin. PMID- 3894245 TI - Steroid therapy for male infertility associated with antisperm antibodies. Results of a small randomized clinical trial. AB - Ten infertile men with significant titres of antisperm antibodies were entered into a randomized double-blind study to test the efficacy of corticosteroid therapy compared to a placebo. Prednisolone was given orally at a dose of 1 mg/kg/day for 9 days repeated over 3 cycles (their wives' menstrual cycles). This treatment had no significant effect, when compared to placebo, on fertility, serum antibody levels or semen characteristics. A slight decrease in the titre of seminal antibodies was, however, observed in patients receiving prednisolone. In individuals, there were important fluctuations in antibody levels which were independent of drug administration. PMID- 3894246 TI - Selective DNA-amplification induced by carcinogens (initiators): evidence for a role of proteases and DNA polymerase alpha. AB - Inhibitors of DNA polymerase alpha (aphidicolin, phosphonoacetic acid, phosphonoformic acid) efficiently inhibit initiator-induced amplification of SV40 DNA sequences in the SV40-transformed Chinese hamster cell line CO631. Amplification is also inhibited by various protease inhibitors (antipain, leupeptin, aprotinin, alpha-I-antitrypsin, epsilon-amino-caproic acid, soy-bean protease inhibitor), by the non-initiating but DNA-damaging agent caffeine, and by sodium butyrate, which inhibits DNA synthesis by histone modification. In contrast, an inhibitor of topoisomerase II, nalidixic acid, enhances amplification when applied simultaneously with initiating treatment. This latter compound does not induce amplification when applied without initiator. Cycloheximide induces DNA amplification in the same way as chemical and physical carcinogens. This amplification can still be observed when protein synthesis is completely blocked. The data suggest a complex mechanism of selective DNA amplification. The possible involvement of proteases leading to a functional modification of DNA polymerase alpha is discussed. PMID- 3894247 TI - SQM1 antibody defines a surface membrane antigen in squamous carcinoma of the head and neck. AB - We produced murine monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) directed against the surface membrane of squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). One antibody, SQM1, was determined by immunofluorescence and radioimmunoassay to be reactive with 13/13 SCCHN cell lines derived from different sites of the head and neck area. No binding reaction was observed with normal fibroblasts, red blood cells, nucleated bone-marrow cells or epithelial cells from normal oral mucosa. SQM1 reactivity was observed with primary cultures of normal epidermal and bronchial epithelial cells. Significant reactivity was found with 2/4 cell lines derived from small-cell carcinoma of the lung but little or no reactivity was found with other lung cancer cell lines. Various cell lines derived from other cancers including breast, colon, and ovarian carcinomas, melanoma, neuroblastoma and leukemia were generally unreactive. Seventeen out of 18 fresh frozen specimens of SCCHN were strongly reactive with SQM1 antibody. However, autopsy specimens from the heart, liver, kidney, spleen, colon, subcutaneous fat and skin connective tissue were unreactive. SQM1 antibody may be useful in biological and clinical studies of the head and neck region. PMID- 3894248 TI - Humoral response against murine lymphoma cells xenogenized by drug treatment in vivo. AB - Treatment of murine lymphomas with triazene derivatives may lead to the appearance of novel drug-mediated tumor antigens, a phenomenon known as chemical xenogenization. Such antigens, which are capable of eliciting specific transplantation resistance in histocompatible mice, have been previously detected by in vivo and in vitro cell-mediated immune responses. In the present report we address the question of the humoral antibody response to a chemically xenogenized lymphoma. Histocompatible mice were given several injections of live cells of the xenogenized tumor. Ten days after each immunization, pooled sera from different animals were analyzed for Ab content by means of flow microfluorometry analysis and CEL-ISA assay. The results reveal that antibodies of both IgG and IgM classes capable of binding the xenogenized tumor can already be detected after one single sensitization. However, the Ab titer gradually increases through subsequent immunizations, reaching a peak level after 3-4 injections at a time when most of the humoral response is made up of antibodies of IgG class. The specificity of the anti-xenogenized tumor hyperimmune sera was subsequently investigated by its reaction with the parental, non-xenogenized line and with normal tissue cells of the same or allogeneic haplotypes. The data obtained point out that cross reactivity with the parental line could be completely removed by absorption of the hyperimmune sera on parental cells, which removed most of the IgM antibodies. Moreover, the presence of an excess of anti-parental antibodies on the xenogenized tumor cells does not prevent the subsequent binding of the hyperimmune absorbed serum, thus indicating that the novel determinant(s) recognized on xenogenized cells are not spatially related to those shared with the original parental tumor. In addition, the hyperimmune absorbed serum does not cross-react with normal hemopoietic or lymphoid cells of the same (H-2d) or allogeneic H-2b and H-2k haplotypes. Furthermore, no alien histocompatibility antigens of H-2b or H-2k haplotypes could be detected on the xenogenized tumor cell surface. Taken together, these data provide evidence that chemical xenogenization of a murine lymphoma leads to the appearance of novel determinant(s) detectable by specific antibodies. PMID- 3894249 TI - Echocardiographic evaluation after blunt trauma of the chest. AB - We studied by cross-sectional echocardiography 27 consecutive subjects with severe blunt trauma of the chest. Inadequate studies were obtained in 6 subjects (22%). Abnormal, unexpected findings were noted in 6 of the remaining 21 subjects (29%): moderate size pericardial effusion in 3 and focal ventricular dysfunction in 4. No patient with echocardiographic abnormality was suspected clinically of having heart damage. One of the 6 subjects with abnormal echocardiographic findings died from sudden asystole 6 days later. The remaining 5 patients had normal echocardiographic findings when studied 1 week after trauma. This study shows that, following blunt chest trauma, cross-sectional echocardiography can detect unsuspected myocardial and pericardial damage in an appreciable number of patients. Ultrasonic examination of the heart complements other investigations in establishing the diagnosis of heart damage and may help improve the care of patients with heart trauma. PMID- 3894250 TI - Prevention by acebutolol of rhythm disorders following coronary bypass surgery. AB - Seventy-one patients submitted routinely to coronary artery bypass surgery were randomized into 2 groups. Group A (32 patients) received 24 hr after initiation of surgery an intravenous perfusion of 100 mg of acebutolol given over 24 hr (22 cases) or 600 mg administered orally (10 cases). On subsequent days, they received 1200 mg of acebutolol/day orally. Group B (39 patients) was used as control. The groups were comparable in terms of age, sex, severity of coronary disease, preoperative therapy, duration of extracorporeal circulation, aortic clamping time, and immediate postoperative haemodynamic findings. No patient received digitalis. During hospital stay (10 days), 1 group A patient (3%) and 13 group B patients (33%; P less than 0.001) developed a sustained episode of atrial arrhythmia (fibrillation, flutter or atrial ectopic tachycardia). The majority of these rhythm disorders developed between days 2 and 4. On Holter monitoring on days 7-10, malignant ventricular extrasystoles (grades IV and V of Lown's classification) were more frequent in group B (65.2%) than in group A (19.3%; P less than 0.001). Haemodynamic measurements taken at rest performed in 27 patients on days 7-10 (16 patients of group A; 11 of group B). No difference was observed between the two groups. Acebutolol is a safe and efficacious drug for the prevention of arrhythmias following coronary surgery. PMID- 3894251 TI - Left ventricular performance in unstable angina: assessment with radionuclide techniques. AB - In a clinical trial we studied left ventricular performance at rest in 50 patients with unstable angina by radionuclide techniques. Thallium-201 scintigraphy was performed on admission in 38 patients and repeated after 48 hr in 32 patients. Also dynamic blood pool scintigraphy was performed in 37 patients on admission and in 45 patients after 48 hr. Of the 50 patients, 27 (54%) had no recurrent episodes of myocardial ischemia, but 23 (46%) patients showed recurrent ischemic episodes of whom 11 (22%) patients developed a myocardial infarction. The thallium-201 images showed perfusion defects in 27 (71%) of the 38 patients studied on admission and in 20 (63%) of the 32 patients studied at 48 hr. No relation between clinical outcome and presence or absence of defects was observed. Left ventricular ejection fraction was abnormal (less than 50%) in 19 (51%) of the 37 patients on admission and in 29 (64%) of the 45 patients studied at 48 hr. As with thallium-201, no relation could be established between clinical outcome and left ventricular ejection fraction. It is concluded that radionuclide techniques are useful to provide insight into the pathophysiological mechanism of unstable angina, but they are not helpful for the short-time assessment of clinical outcome. PMID- 3894252 TI - Benjamin Franklin and Mesmerism. PMID- 3894253 TI - Necrotizing emphysematous pyelonephritis: a case report. AB - Emphysematous pyelonephritis (EP) is comparatively rare in urological practice. From 1898 to the present time only 45 cases have been described. In this report we describe the case of a 43-year old diabetic man, with right EP without obstruction of the urinary tract and with a urinary infection of E. Coli. This appears to be rather rare as it is more frequently associated with obstruction of the urinary tract. Surgical exploration enabled us to discover a fistula between the kidney and the wall of the vena cava which would have caused fatal complications if it had not been discovered. The micro-organisms more frequently involved were E. Coli, Proteus, Aerobacter and various anaerobes. Mortality has been reported as 75% in patients receiving medical therapy only and 23% in those undergoing surgery. The authors therefore believe that surgical exploration even with no urinary tract obstruction makes it possible to detect complicating pathologies which may remain undiscovered by medical examination and the urinary excretory tract and renal sheath drained. This provides a better opportunity of estimating possible reversibility of the renal lesion. PMID- 3894254 TI - Local and general treatment with ceftazidime as monotherapy in central nervous system infections and in septicemic infection. AB - Twenty-three patients (mean age: 47 years; range: 4 months to 79 years) admitted to Varese Regional Hospital over the period from October 1983 to March 1984 and suffering from severe infections of a septicemic nature were treated with ceftazidime. All patients had previously received other broad-spectrum antibacterial agents. Isolation of causative pathogens and evaluation of their susceptibility to ceftazidime justified use of the drug as monotherapy. Ceftazidime was administered intravenously at the mean dose of 60-120 mg/kg/day. In some cases, it was injected directly into the renal parenchyma (2 g/day) or into the cerebral ventricles (1 mg/kg/day). Local and systemic tolerance were optimal in all cases, no significant side effects being observed. Eradication of pathogens was excellent and clinical outcome satisfactory in all patients. PMID- 3894255 TI - Stress and alcohol. AB - Alcohol's role in the relief of stress is reviewed. Limitations are observed in recent studies of alcohol and stress. Where stress has been viewed as synonymous with anxiety or tension, many potential stressors and stress responses have been unaccounted for or ignored. Stress is distinguished from tension and anxiety, and a "stress reduction hypothesis" of alcohol abuse is suggested in place of the recently prominent "tension reduction hypothesis." Alcohol has been found to be a frequent contributor to increased stress. Stress-relief drinking is concluded to be one of several prominent factors in the etiology of alcohol abuse and dependency. Suggestions are made for research and treatment. PMID- 3894256 TI - Influence of the administration time on the antihypertensive and hypokalaemic effects of chlorthalidone in patients with primary hypertension. AB - A double-blind crossover study was designed to compare the antihypertensive and hypokalaemic effects of chlorthalidone administered at 10h00 and 22h00 to sixteen patients with primary hypertension. Blood pressure values during chlorthalidone treatment at 10h00 did not differ significantly from those at 22h00. Significant correlation (r = 0.8987) was seen, however, only between the patients' blood pressure during the placebo period and the fall in blood pressure obtained by administration of chlorthalidone at 22h00. The serum potassium level fell significantly (p less than 0.01) during morning treatment while a slight, insignificant fall was found during evening treatment. No correlation was seen between decrease in blood pressure and decrease in serum potassium level. PMID- 3894257 TI - A controlled trial of tiaprofenic acid against indomethacin in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. AB - A multicentre double-blind crossover study of tiaprofenic acid 600 mg daily against indomethacin 75 mg daily was carried out in 68 patients with rheumatoid arthritis to compare short-term efficacy and tolerance. There were no significant differences in efficacy between the two treatments, but significantly fewer C.N.S. side-effects were associated with tiaprofenic acid treatment. Five patients withdrew during the course of the study due to side-effects and all were receiving indomethacin. PMID- 3894258 TI - A controlled comparison of tiaprofenic acid and ibuprofen in osteoarthritis. AB - A multicentre double-blind crossover study of tiaprofenic acid (600 mg daily) against ibuprofen (1.2 g daily) was undertaken in 77 patients with osteoarthritis to compare their efficacy and tolerance. No difference was found between the two agents, both giving pain relief and being safe and acceptable to the majority of patients. It is concluded that in this short-term study, both agents offer effective and safe treatment for osteoarthritis. PMID- 3894259 TI - Histoid leprosy. PMID- 3894260 TI - Ruminations on infectious disease epidemiology: retrospective, curspective, and prospective. PMID- 3894261 TI - Immunopathologic analysis of a panel of mouse monoclonal antibodies reacting with human ovarian carcinomas and other human tumors. AB - The reactivity of a panel of five mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAb) produced to human ovarian and endometrial cancer cell lines was analyzed on frozen sections of normal adult and fetal tissues and on tumor sections using immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase procedures. mAb MH99 was reactive with almost all types of epithelial cells and stained all epithelial tumors examined. mAb MH94 reacted mainly with secretory epithelia and was unreactive with the epithelial cell layer of normal ovaries. In contrast, approximately 50% of epithelial ovarian tumors and the lining cells of inclusion cysts were positive. mAb MF61 was positive only on the endometrium and noncellular follicular secretions or colloid of the thyroid among normal tissues examined. A subset of ovarian tumors was positive with this antibody. mAb MF116 gave no reactivity with normal tissues within the sensitivity of the assay. MF116 was expressed on a proportion (44%) of ovarian carcinomas of various histological types. These antibodies provide an initial panel for the immunohistological analysis of ovarian cancer. PMID- 3894262 TI - Peptide N-alkylamides by solid phase synthesis. AB - Three new resins have been developed that allow for the solid phase synthesis of C-terminal peptide N-alkylamides using Boc amino acids, usual side chain protecting groups and hydrogen fluoride cleavage and deprotection. These resins were prepared by reacting the appropriate alkylamine (NH2CH3, NH2CH2CH3, NH2CH2CF3) to Merrifield's 1% divinylbenzene cross-linked chloromethylated polystyrene resin. The application of these resins to the synthesis of C-terminal GnRH N-alkylamides illustrates the versatility of this approach. GnRH analogs were tested for their ability to release LH from cultured rat anterior pituitary cells. [DGlu6, Pro9-NHCH2CH3]-GnRH was synthesized for the first time using the solid phase approach and found to be three times more potent than [DGlu6]-GnRH. Other analogs including [DTrp6, Pro9-NHCH2CH3]-GnRH, [DAla6, Pro9-NHCH2CF3]-GnRH and related peptides were found to be equipotent and to have the same properties (HPLC retention times, amino acid analysis and specific rotation) as the corresponding peptides synthesized using less amenable strategies; yields were equivalent or better than those reported earlier. PMID- 3894263 TI - Comparative reduction/oxidation studies with single chain des-(B30) insulin and porcine proinsulin. AB - The single chain des-(B30) insulin molecule (SCI) has been reduced and reoxidized together with porcine proinsulin (PPI). Yields of correctly folded and reoxidized SCI and PPI were analyzed by HPLC. The concentrations of both proteins were 10( 3) M during reduction and 10(-5) M during oxidation. The pH during reoxidation was varied from 8.6 to 9.2 and the temperature from 4 to 37 degrees. Under all conditions tested, the recovery of SCI was substantially higher than that of PPI. The recoveries peaked after 24-72 h. It is suggested that the "miniproinsulin" SCI folds correctly up more efficiently than porcine proinsulin, resulting in higher yields of reoxidized SCI. PMID- 3894264 TI - In search of new methods in peptide synthesis. A review of the last three decades. AB - An attempt was made to discern ideas and trends in the development of peptide synthesis and to recognize general principles of the discipline. Introduction of efficient methods of activation and coupling during the early years of the reviewed period was followed by only moderate further improvements. Major advances were achieved by the discovery of novel methods of protection and by techniques of facilitation. Improvements in the methods of deblocking hold considerable promise and might bring significantly closer the goal of peptide synthesis: the direct preparation of homogeneous products. PMID- 3894265 TI - H n.m.r. spectrum from the flexible N-terminal segment of Streptomyces subtilisin inhibitor. AB - The 1H n.m.r. spectrum of Streptomyces subtilisin inhibitor shows a limited number of unusually sharp signals at room temperature. Some of these signals are assigned uniquely to protons of the side chains of the N-terminal segment, Aspl Ala2-Pro3-Ser4-Ala5-Leu6-Tyr7-based on experiments of spin decoupling, pH titration, and enzymatic cleavage of the protein. Quantitative examination of these signals indicates that the N-terminal end of this protein is heterogeneous in that the protein contains a considerable fraction whose sequence starts with Ala2 rather than with Asp1. The pKa values for the amino groups of Asp1 and Ala2 exposed at the N-terminus are determined to be 8.9 +/- 0.4 and 9.0 +/- 0.1, respectively. Furthermore, examination of the line-widths of the methyl proton resonances of Ala2 and Ala5 residues indicates that the N-terminal peptide segment is free and undergoes rapid segmental motions in the order of 10(-9) s. PMID- 3894266 TI - Electronic excitations in condensed biological matter. AB - In living matter, electronic excitations may have a collective character which is reviewed here in simple physical terms. In liquids and ordered solids the collective excitations appear as plasmons or excitons. Plasmons are delocalized electronic perturbations of a huge number of oscillating electrons decaying very quickly into localized electronic perturbations, mainly low-energy ionizations. Excitons are very light, moving quantum quasi-particles carrying energy, charge and information in structured biological systems. In deformable soft structures collective excitations appear as solitons behaving as rather massive quasi particles of combined quantum and classical character. Solitons are relatively stable micro-objects able to transfer energy, charge, mass, and biological information along such biological structures as (chains of) macromolecules, fibres, membranes and surfaces. Some photobiological and radiation biological consequences of collective electronic excitations are suggested. PMID- 3894267 TI - Radiation carcinogenesis in experimental animals and its implications for radiation protection. AB - Cancer induction is generally considered to be the most important somatic effect of low doses of ionizing radiation. It is therefore of great concern to assess the quantitative cancer risk of exposure to radiations of different quality and to obtain information on the dose-response relationships for carcinogenesis. Tissues in the human with a high sensitivity for cancer induction include the bone marrow, the lung, the thyroid and the breast in women. If the revised dosimetry estimates for the Japanese survivors of the atomic bomb explosions are correct, there is no useful data base left to derive r.b.e. values for human carcinogenesis. As a consequence, it will be necessary to rely on results obtained in biological systems, including experimental animals, for these estimates. With respect to radiation protection, the following aspects of experimental studies on radiation carcinogenesis are of relevance: Assessment of the nature of dose-response relationships. Determination of the relative biological effectiveness of radiations of different quality. Effects of fractionation or protraction of the dose on tumour development. For the analysis of tumour data in animals, specific approaches have to be applied which correct for competing risks. These methods include actuarial estimates, non-parametric models and analytical models. The dose-response curves for radiation-induced cancers in different tissues vary in shape. This is exemplified by studies on myeloid leukaemia in mice and mammary neoplasms in different rat strains. The results on radiation carcinogenesis in animal models clearly indicate that the highest r.b.e. values are observed for neutrons with energies between 0.5 and 1 MeV. On the basis of such results it might be concluded that the maximum quality factor of 10 for neutrons should be increased. Based on current evidence, an increase by a factor of 2 to 3 seems more realistic than a tenfold rise. The diversity of dose-response relationships point to different mechanisms involved in the induction of different tumours in various species and even in different strains of the same species. PMID- 3894268 TI - The behavioral effects of lesions of the septum: a review. AB - Many investigations have been conducted in an effort to deduce the nature of septal function. This paper is an overview of the work done by several researchers in their attempt to find the possible connections between overt behaviors and septal structures in the rat. PMID- 3894269 TI - The combination of psychiatric treatment and yoga. PMID- 3894270 TI - Nosocomial salmonellosis. PMID- 3894271 TI - From immunoneurology to immunopsychiatry: neuromodulating activity of anti-brain antibodies. PMID- 3894272 TI - Multidisciplinary approach to extracorporeal respiratory assist for acute pulmonary failure. AB - A case of acute post-traumatic pulmonary failure was treated by extracorporeal respiratory assist, after conventional therapy had failed. Veno-venous bypass was established, with low extracorporeal blood flow (1.6-2 l min-1), and high exchange surface area membrane lungs (7 m2), according to the technique of low frequency positive-pressure ventilation with extracorporeal carbon-dioxide removal. After a first disconnection, the evolution of the lung disease necessitated a second surgical procedure, during which a chest tube perforated the patient's right lower, pulmonary lobe. A two-stage right thoracotomy was performed, with the patient connected to the extracorporeal system, and receiving full heparinization. Massive bleeding and severe hypoxia were encountered, but successfully overcome. The patient is now a long-term survivor. PMID- 3894273 TI - Sertoli cell junctions: morphological and functional correlates. PMID- 3894274 TI - Chromatin organization and the control of gene activity. PMID- 3894275 TI - The kinetochore. PMID- 3894276 TI - Mitoxantrone: an overview of safety and toxicity. AB - Mitoxantrone (Novantrone), is an anthracenedione which in preclinical studies demonstrated a spectrum of antitumor activity similar to the anthracyclines, but with less cardiotoxicity. Novantrone is a cytotoxic agent that produces dose dependent myelosuppression. When administered to patients intravenously every three weeks, white blood cell (WBC) and platelet nadirs occurred between days 8 and 15 with hematologic recovery by day 22. In multiple clinical trials in over 4450 patients, including 372 patients in randomized trials against Adriamycin, Novantrone was consistently associated with a reduced incidence of moderate and severe acute side-effects. In four randomized trials the adverse experience profile associated with Novantrone was superior to that of Adriamycin with statistically significant lower incidences of mucositis/stomatitis, nausea, vomiting and alopecia. Novantrone was less cardiotoxic than Adriamycin and cardiac events were rare in patients without predisposing risk factors. The high level of activity combined with improved patient tolerance and decreased toxicity make Novantrone a promising agent for patients requiring cytotoxic chemotherapy. PMID- 3894277 TI - A randomized trial of doxorubicin, mitoxantrone and bisantrene in advanced breast cancer (a South West Oncology Group Study). AB - New agents with increased activity and/or reduced toxicity are needed for the treatment of advanced breast cancer. The anthracene derivatives mitoxantrone and bisantrene had significant activity and acceptable toxicity in phase II trials. In an ongoing phase III trial we have now randomized 150 patients with advanced breast cancer to either doxorubicin (60 mg/m2), mitoxantrone (14 mg/m2) or bisantrene (260 mg/m2) i.v. q 3 weeks with re-randomization for cross-over at the time of progression to determine the relative efficacy and toxicity of these three agents. To be eligible, patients must have had only one previous chemotherapy regimen. ER positive patients must have failed endocrine therapy. Patients with CHF or severe cardiac disease were ineligible. In this preliminary evaluation, 117 patients are evaluable for response and 110 for toxicity. Median age for all patients is 58 years (range 26-78). The majority (86%) are postmenopausal. Fifty-nine percent percent of the patients have visceral dominant disease. Estrogen receptor is positive in 37%, negative in 39% and unknown in 24% of patients. Median performance status (SWOG) is 1, range 0-2. Objective responses have been observed on each arm (doxorubicin 9/35, mitoxantrone 6/38, bisantrene 6/44). Thirty-two patients are evaluable for cross-over response (doxorubicin 2/13, mitoxantrone 1/11, bisantrene 0/8). The predominant toxicity is leukopenia with a nadir WBC count less than 2000 in 45% of all courses administered. Leukopenia is similar with the three drugs. Significant nausea, vomiting and alopecia are common with doxorubicin and uncommon with the other agents. Congestive heart failure has been observed in one patient (doxorubicin). Definitive conclusions regarding the efficacy and toxicity of these agents await the completion of this trial. PMID- 3894278 TI - A randomized trial comparing mitoxantrone with doxorubicin in patients with stage IV breast cancer. AB - Mitoxantrone (Novantrone; dihydroxyanthracenedione) is an anthraquinone previously shown to be active in human breast cancer. It appears to have less toxicity than doxorubicin. Results of this phase II-III randomized cross-over trial to determine the relative efficacy and toxicity of mitoxantrone in comparison to doxorubicin, are presented. Patients with measurable, recurrent breast cancer with limited prior chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy for metastatic disease, and who had not been exposed to prior doxorubicin, were randomized to receive either mitoxantrone or doxorubicin every three weeks with cross-over on progression. Response rates, duration of remission, time to treatment failure, and drug toxicity, including cardiac toxicity evaluated with serial radionuclide angiocardiography, were evaluated. Differences in the response rates for the two groups were not statistically significant. Neither time to treatment failure nor duration of response are significantly different (p greater than 0.05). With respect to toxicity, mitoxantrone treated patients consistently exhibited a lower incidence and less severe drug toxicity as compared to their doxorubicin-treated counterparts. Cardiac toxicity was carefully monitored and thus four patients on doxorubicin have had drug related congestive heart failure, as compared to none on mitoxantrone. In summary, mitoxantrone appears to be as active as doxorubicin in patients with stage IV breast cancer previously treated with chemotherapy; however, mitoxantrone causes significantly less nausea, vomiting, stomatitis and alopecia at doses which induce equal or greater myelosuppression than doxorubicin, and appears to be less cardiotoxic. PMID- 3894280 TI - Sequential studies on the role of mitoxantrone in the treatment of acute leukemia. AB - Mitoxantrone (Novantrone; 1, 4-dihydroxy-5, 8-bis [[2-[(2-hydroxyethyl) amino]ethyl]amino-] 9, 10 anthracenedione dihydrochloride (NSC 301739] is a synthetic anthracenedione with intercalating properties. Activity has been shown in preclinical studies in mice bearing intraperitoneal P388 and L1210 leukaemias, ADJ-Pc6 plasmacytoma and a variety of solid tumours. In a phase I/II collaborative study fourteen consecutive patients with relapsed or primarily refractory acute leukaemia received a single infusion of mitoxantrone (20-32 mg/m2) at fourteen-day intervals. Antileukaemic activity was seen but there were no complete remissions and toxicity was minimal. Mitoxantrone was subsequently given in a five-day schedule at a dose of 10mg/m2 daily to twenty-one patients with relapsed or refractory acute leukaemia or chronic myeloid leukaemia in blast crisis (CML-BC). Four of five patients in first relapse of acute non lymphoblastic leukaemia (ANLL) achieved a complete remission (CR). The overall response rate (CR + partial remission (PR] was 48%. In an ongoing phase III study the same (5-day) mitoxantrone treatment has been given in conjunction with a 7 day continuous infusion of cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) in a kinetically designed schedule based upon the preclinical studies of the Mount Sinai group. PMID- 3894279 TI - A randomized multicenter trial of cyclophosphamide, Novantrone and 5-fluorouracil (CNF) versus cyclophosphamide, Adriamycin and 5-fluorouracil (CAF) in patients with metastatic breast cancer. AB - As of August 1984, 115 women with advanced breast cancer have been randomized to receive a combination of either cyclophosphamide, Novantrone (mitoxantrone) and 5 fluorouracil (CNF) or cyclophosphamide, Adriamycin (doxorubicin) and 5 fluorouracil (CAF). Seventy-one percent of all patients were post-menopausal and 44% of CNF patients and 57% of CAF patients were estrogen receptor (ER) negative. Slightly over 30% of all patients had received hormonal therapy or chemotherapy in an adjuvant setting. Hematologic toxicity was similar in regard to platelet counts but slightly lower nadirs were experienced with CNF therapy than with CAF. However, there were fewer dosage decreases with CNF. Significantly less nausea and vomiting were observed with the CNF regimen compared to CAF. Moreover, alopecia was reduced appreciably in patients who received CNF. The response rate to CNF for the first 38 eligible and evaluable patients was 42%, and for 53 eligible and evaluable patients who received CAF the response rate was 45%, a non significant difference. Median response durations were similar also, 140 days for CNF and 168 days for the CAF regimen. Time to treatment failure was similar for both regimens. CNF is an effective regimen for patients with advanced breast cancer, with less toxicity than CAF. PMID- 3894281 TI - Papers presented at a symposium on cancer chemotherapy in the 1980's. Monte Carlo, 11th-12th October, 1984. PMID- 3894282 TI - Innovation in normal science. Bacterial physiology. PMID- 3894283 TI - Ia-like antigens in the small intestinal mucosa of normal and celiac children. AB - The small-intestinal mucosa of normal children and of celiac patients was studied using the Class II DP (SB) Ia-like monoclonal antibody ILR-1 and an immunoperoxidase technique. Positive staining of the Golgi region of the epithelial cells of villi and crypts, and of the brush border of villous epithelium, was seen in the histologically normal mucosa. In active celiac disease with "flat" mucosa, the surface epithelium showed poor staining, but the crypt epithelium stained strongly in the Golgi region. We suggest that the Ia like antigens are a product of the epithelial cells themselves, arising most likely in the Golgi apparatus, and that this staining pattern is altered in active celiac disease. PMID- 3894284 TI - Escherichia coli adherence to the intestine of mice. AB - Bacterial attachment to the intestine is the first step in the initiation of many intestinal infections. The effect of mucin and its major constituents on the adherence of a mannose-positive Escherichia coli strain to various intestinal segments of mouse intestine was examined. Removal of intestinal mucus led to increased adherence of E. coli to the ileal and colonic mucosal layers. Ileal mucin significantly decreased E. coli attachment to the ileum. Galactose and galactosamine were the major constituents of ileal mucin that reduced E. coli adherence to the ileum. We conclude that ileal mucin protects the epithelial cell from adherence by this mannose-positive E. coli strain. This protection is dependent on the presence of other sugar moieties that may be of importance in the adherence process. PMID- 3894285 TI - Effects of lidocaine on the function of immunocompetent cells. I. In vitro exposure of mouse spleen lymphocytes and peritoneal macrophages. AB - In vitro exposure of mouse lymphocytes and macrophages for 24 h to noncytotoxic doses of lidocaine (10(-4) to 10(-6)M) resulted in inhibition of random macrophage motility and in an interference with the production of macrophage migration inhibitory factor or with its interaction with the cell surface. The effects of lidocaine, membrane-stabilizing local anesthetic, were related to its concentration in the medium and to its ability to interact with the cell surface and cause changes in the ionic configuration of the plasma membrane. The drug conferred permanent changes on the surface of lymphocytes at all concentrations tested, but changes in the surface of macrophages induced by 10(-5) and 10(-6)M lidocaine were reversible. The presence of noncytotoxic doses of lidocaine in the cellular environment resulted in significant changes in cellular functions that appeared to be related to the ability of the drug to interact with cell membranes in a manner determined by the specific properties of the cell. PMID- 3894286 TI - Effect of oral administration of different combinations of killed bacteria on some depressed macrophage functions in tumor-bearing rats. AB - In the present study, we compared the ability of different bacterial species administered orally in various combinations to restore some depressed peritoneal macrophage functions in tumor-bearing rats. Phagocytosis, killing of Candida albicans and chemotactic response of resident peritoneal cells from treated tumor bearing rats were influenced by different associations of bacteria. In particular, when Staphylococcus aureus was administered together with other bacterial species, the phagocytic activity of peritoneal cells was restored to normal values, and intracellular killing of C. albicans was enhanced. The results are discussed in relation to the possible influence of mucosal bacterial flora on the level of activation of peritoneal macrophages. The possibility that bacterial species can influence in various ways immunocompetent cells in relation to the different chemical composition of some common structures is also discussed. PMID- 3894287 TI - The Phoenix heart: what we have to lose. PMID- 3894288 TI - [Undifferentiated cutaneous angiosarcoma of the head: identification by the endothelial marker Ulex europaeus agglutinin I]. AB - Cutaneous angiosarcoma of the head is a rare tumor of the elderly and can occur in an undifferentiated form without any clinical or histological signs of the vascular origin of this tumor. In these cases, the tumor can be identified by using endothelial cell markers, such as factor-VIII-related antigen and ulex europaeus agglutinin I, in an immunofluorescence technique or a peroxidase antiperoxidase method. A 78-year-old patient is described who died within 18 months from such a tumor, which was diagnosed using the endothelial cell marker, ulex europaeus agglutinin I. PMID- 3894289 TI - [Osteitis leprosa multiplex cystica--an early symptom of lepromatous leprosy]. AB - Bone lesions of the finger in a 20-year-old leprosy patient are described to show their diagnostic value. The aetiological differences between specific (caused by Mycobacterium leprae itself) and unspecific osseal changes are morphologically noticeable in morbus Hansen. The X-ray picture shows cystic lightening by granulomatous destruction and distal absorption of the bone. These lesions are typical, and radiological investigations might be the first step in the diagnosis of leprosy. In our case, ostitis leprosa multiplex cystica, an early, specific bone lesion, was predominant. PMID- 3894290 TI - Health care under AHCCCS: an examination of Arizona's alternative to Medicaid. AB - In late 1982, as an alternative to Medicaid, Arizona implemented a prepaid, competitively bid medical care program--the Arizona Health Care Cost Containment System (AHCCCS). Before its introduction, the poor had been cared for primarily by a network of county-supported centers. Impact of the AHCCCS initiative was examined by surveying comparable samples of poor persons in pre-AHCCCS 1982, and in 1984, after the program was in place. Both before and since AHCCCS, Arizona has had very restrictive eligibility requirements; to examine the program's impact on both eligible persons and the so-called "notch" group, the samples consist of individuals with family incomes within 200 percent of the program's financial criterion. Telephone surveys revealed that overall a lower proportion of the poor were enrolled in AHCCCS in 1984 than participated in county programs in 1982. However, access to care increased for AHCCCS enrollees in 1984, compared to county patients in 1982--and a greater proportion of 1984 AHCCCS enrollees than their 1982 counterparts in the county programs had at least one medical encounter in the 12 months preceding the surveys. For its enrolled population, then, AHCCCS may be a viable alternative to conventional Medicaid programs and to previous efforts at providing care at county sites. But the poor financially ineligible for AHCCCS are experiencing decreased opportunities for health services. The conclusions address the policy implications of the findings. PMID- 3894291 TI - Home care of the patient dependent on mechanical ventilation: home care policy development and goal setting using outcome criteria for quality assurance. PMID- 3894292 TI - The development of multispecialty group practice at Henry Ford Hospital through the years. Address to the Detroit Academy of Medicine. PMID- 3894293 TI - The strange story of Jay McLean, the discoverer of heparin. PMID- 3894294 TI - In defense of the Pickwickian syndrome. PMID- 3894295 TI - Playing with medicine: a historical perspective. PMID- 3894296 TI - Electron microscopic examination of various types of ancient specimens. PMID- 3894297 TI - Adverse interactions of drugs in critical care patients. PMID- 3894298 TI - Dr Frank J. Sladen: the Osler connection. PMID- 3894299 TI - Immunomorphological localization of adenosine deaminase in rat tissues during ontogeny. AB - Immunomorphological methods were used to localize adenosine deaminase in tissues of the rat at different stages of ontogeny. In the thymus, lymphocytes began to express significant amounts of the enzyme with the appearance of demarcation between the cortex and medulla at 17 days of gestation. At any stage of ontogeny studied, strong adenosine deaminase staining was seen predominantly in cortical thymocytes. In the spleen and lymph node, the enzyme was initially detected in T cell areas, whereas primary follicles did not show positive adenosine deaminase staining. During further development, the enzyme was demonstrated in some lymphocytes of germinal centres and plasma cells. In the duodenum, epithelial cells of villi and the neck of crypts showed positive adenosine deaminase staining whereas no staining for the enzyme was observed in the epithelial cells of the base of crypts. Strongly positive staining for adenosine deaminase appeared in plasma cells of the lamina propria by four weeks after birth. The transient positive reaction for the deaminase could be recognized in epithelial cells of tubules of the kidney during late foetal and early postnatal development. The tubules of adult rats did not stain for the enzyme. In the cartilage of 15-day foetuses, positive adenosine deaminase staining was seen only in perichondrial cells and hypertrophic cells. Kupffer cells in the liver and endothelial cells of blood vessels stained positively for the enzyme at every stage of ontogeny studied. PMID- 3894300 TI - Immunolocalization of CuZn superoxide dismutase in striated muscle. PMID- 3894301 TI - The concept of the single body pool of metabolic nitrogen in determining the rate of whole-body nitrogen turnover. AB - The concept of the single pool of metabolic nitrogen in measuring the rate of whole-body protein turnover has been examined both with the practical evidence which is available in the literature and from a theoretical point of view. It is concluded that for the most part the concept is not valid. The main problem is one of introducing the isotope uniformly throughout the body. It is suggested that better results may be obtained if the 15N tracer is given simultaneously by both the oral and intravenous route. PMID- 3894303 TI - Optimal scheduling of total body irradiation in the treatment of Ewing's sarcoma. PMID- 3894302 TI - Treatment selection for stage IIIA Hodgkin's disease patients. AB - Two treatment policies for the therapy of patients with Stage IIIA Hodgkin's disease are compared. From 1969-1976, 49 newly diagnosed and pathologically staged IIIA patients received total nodal irradiation (TNI) alone (no liver irradiation). Although actuarial survival was 80% at 5 years and 68% at 10 years, actuarial freedom from relapse was only 38% at 5 years. Accordingly, a new treatment policy was instituted in 1976. Patients with either CS IIIA disease, multiple splenic nodules, IIIA with a large mediastinal mass or III2, received combined modality therapy (combination chemotherapy and irradiation). All others received TNI. Thirty-six patients have been treated under the new program. The actuarial survival is 90% at 5 years and the relapse-free survival is 87%, suggesting the superiority of this approach. PMID- 3894304 TI - Immune mechanisms of the bovine udder: an overview. AB - Understanding basic defenses of the udder is instrumental in developing measures to prevent mastitis. The teat canal is the first defense against pathogens, providing a physical barrier and antimicrobial substances. When bacteria breach the teat canal, milk leukocytes provide a second defense by ingesting pathogens. Intramammary devices have been used experimentally to increase leukocyte numbers and to enhance destruction of bacteria. Milk antibodies opsonize and lyse bacteria, neutralize toxins, and prevent adhesion to tissue. Vaccinating cows against mastitis generally has been unsuccessful; however, immunization is useful in controlling specific bacterial strains. Antibody-producing plasma cells preferentially accumulate in internal teat end tissues. Because bacteria contact these tissues to reach milk-producing areas of the udder, an immunostimulant to enhance locally the protective nature of plasma cells may decrease the occurrence of infection. PMID- 3894305 TI - B-scan ultrasonography for the detection of space-occupying ocular masses. AB - A noninvasive technique, B-scan ultrasonography, was used to obtain detailed cross-sectional images of ocular and orbital structure and form. When a low frequency probe (5 MHz) was used, tissue penetration was excellent; however, axial resolution was limited. The technique was used in a study of 2 cats and 1 dog. The use of low-frequency B-scan ultrasound should aid in the diagnostic examinations of space-occupying masses in the posterior portion of the ocular bulb and the orbit. PMID- 3894306 TI - Medical management of canine hyperinsulinism. PMID- 3894307 TI - Ribosomes of streptomycin-treated Escherichia coli contain faulty ribosomal proteins. PMID- 3894308 TI - Net absorption of amino acids by portal-drained viscera and hind half of beef cattle fed a high concentrate diet. AB - Two experiments were conducted to measure the effect of level of feed intake on net amino acid absorption by portal-drained viscera of six beef heifers with catheters in a mesenteric vein, portal vein and iliac artery (Exp. 1) and to evaluate intrajugular infusion of insulin or glucose on amino acid uptake by hind half of four beef steers with catheters in posterior aorta and vena cava (Exp. 2). Experiment 1 was a replicated 3 X 3 Latin square design. Treatments were calculated intakes of 84, 157 or 225 kcal metabolizable energy (ME)/kg.75 live weight. Treatments in Exp. 2 were control (no infusion), insulin infusion (1.4 IU/min for 90 min) and glucose infusion (2.5 mmol/min for 90 min) in that order. Mean live weight of animals +/- SE was 295 +/- 4 kg (Exp. 1) and 345 +/- 15 kg (Exp. 2). The diet used in both experiments was pelleted, 85% concentrate (2.9 Mcal ME/kg dry matter). Blood flow (BF) was measured by dilution of a primed, continuous infusion of para-aminohippuric acid into the mesenteric vein (Exp. 1) or the posterior aorta (Exp. 2). Net uptake or absorption was the product of BF times portal-arterial (Exp. 1) or arteriovenous (Exp. 2) differences in amino acid concentrations in blood. Increased feed intake caused linear (P less than .05) increases in net absorption of several amino acids, including lysine, methionine, leucine and valine (Exp. 1). Feed intake did not affect (P greater than .05) net absorption of glutamate or glutamine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3894309 TI - Mineral X disease interactions. AB - The ability of animals to cope with infection may be influenced by mineral nutrition, in particular Mg and P of the macroelements and Zn, Fe, Cu and Se of the trace elements. Deficiencies of Zn, Fe, Cu and Se have resulted in a lowered resistance to disease either through an impaired immune response or faulty leukocyte function. The role of Se in bactericidal action of the phagocytes is associated with oxidative functions believed important for killing phagocytized bacteria. The role of these and other essential elements in disease prevention is an important area of animal nutrition research. PMID- 3894310 TI - Involvement of water-soluble vitamins in diseases of swine. AB - The various roles of the water-soluble vitamins (including choline and vitamin C) in diseases of swine are outlined. The most important role is in the prevention of deficiency disease; another important role is in relation to the immune response. Deficiency signs relating to each vitamin are described and the metabolism of each vitamin is outlined. Recent estimates of requirements are set out, together with suggestions on supplementation of practical diets for swine. PMID- 3894311 TI - Energy intake, body composition and reproductive performance of the gilt. AB - The relationship between age, live weight, body composition and energy status on the onset and maintenance of reproductive activity in females is reviewed. When possible, swine studies have been employed, although, of necessity, much data are drawn from other species. The relationship between age, weight and puberty is controversial. However, from the available data we conclude that neither age nor weight are reliable indices of reproductive development, but that minimum threshold values for these characteristics must be achieved before puberty can occur. Human data provides a strong indication that a minimum adipose to lean tissue ratio is a prerequisite for puberty onset. Limited data from swine support this contention and indeed it may be a superior measure of reproductive development than either age or weight. However, the value of this ratio remains to be defined in pigs, and again it is minimum threshold level, the attainment of which is necessary, but not in itself sufficient, for puberty onset. A positive energy balance seems to be necessary for puberty onset and the maintenance of estrous cycles in some species, but this has not been investigated in swine. The mechanisms whereby adiposity and energy status influences reproduction are discussed. Human studies demonstrate a negative correlation between energy status, body fatness and plasma gonadotrophin levels. Also, adipose tissue has the ability to metabolize sex steroids, aromatizing androgens to estrogens and changing the direction of estrogen metabolism to produce more or less biologically potent estrogens. PMID- 3894312 TI - Effect of insulin and linoleic acid on satellite cell differentiation. AB - Differentiation of rat skeletal muscle satellite cells was studied in vitro. Linoleic acid and insulin, two unrelated compounds that reportedly stimulate differentiation of other types of myogenic cells, were used to examine the regulation of differentiation in satellite cell cultures. As in cultures of chick embryo muscle cells, linoleic acid stimulated fusion but only at low serum concentrations or in defined medium without fibroblast growth factor (FGF). The effects of insulin on differentiation were quite variable, however; at very low cell densities no stimulatory effect was observed. In intermediate and, to a lesser extent, high density satellite cell cultures, the addition of insulin at concentrations between .01 and 1.0 microM stimulated satellite cell fusion. Whenever increases in fusion were observed, however, a parallel increase in cell number was also found. A closer examination of the relationship between differentiation and the presence or absence of mitogenic agents in the medium suggested that a mitogenic signal and the resultant proliferation of cells prevented differentiation. Subsequent experiments indicated that fusion could be induced by lower serum concentration or by removal of FGF, as long as linoleic acid was present in the medium. Therefore, proliferation and differentiation appear to be antagonistic processes in cultured satellite cells. If the rate of proliferation is depressed, either by mitogen removal or by increasing cell density, differentiation is favored. Differentiation can, therefore, be regulated and applied to in vitro studies of satellite cell activity. PMID- 3894313 TI - Monolayer culture of parenchymal rat hepatocytes on collagen-coated microcarriers. A hepatocyte system for short- and long-term metabolic studies. AB - A method is described for the attachment to and monolayer culture of adult rat hepatocytes on collagen-coated or fibronectin-coated microbeads or both in a chemically defined serum-free medium. Protein synthesis measured by the incorporation of [3H]leucine into protein was four-fold higher in the hepatocyte microcarrier cultures than in isolated hepatocyte suspensions. The hepatocyte microcarrier cultures showed acute responsiveness to insulin of fatty acid synthesis, glucose incorporation into glycogen, and decarboxylation of [1-14 C]pyruvate. Microcarrier-cultured hepatocytes have the combined advantages of monolayer culture and suspension systems. They are a potential tool for the study of long-term as well as acute effects of hormones. PMID- 3894314 TI - Lack of evidence for activation of a serum factor in protease-induced differentiation of mouse erythroleukemia cells. AB - The addition of certain proteases to cultures of Friend virus-infected mouse erythroleukemia cells can induce up to 90% of the cells in culture to become hemoglobin-containing, as assessed by positive staining for benzidine (B+). Because the mechanism of this protease action is unknown, media components were studied as possible targets for protease activity. Aliquots of medium plus serum were incubated for various times with levels of protease sufficient to induce approximately 50% of the cells to the B+ state. Cells were added to protease pretreated serum either before or after inactivation of the protease. In all cases, enzymatically active protease had to be present with the cells to induce B+ cells to form. Serum and other components of the medium pretreated with protease were inactive. Mouse erythroleukemia cells grown in the absence of serum were also induced by proteases to form B+ cells. These data imply that the inducing action of proteases cannot be passively transferred by protease pretreated serum or medium nor is serum required for protease-mediated induction of B+ cells. Taken together, these conclusions suggest that the protease action is on the cells or on cellular products intimately associated with cells. PMID- 3894315 TI - A low-serum medium for tendon cells: effects of growth factors on tendon cell growth and collagen production. AB - Primary avian tendon cells maintain a higher percentage of net collagen synthesis when cultured in low serum concentrations than in high. However, under these conditions the cells grow slowly and can only be subcultured one or two times. We therefore examined various growth factors for their effects on tendon cell multiplication in order to develop a new medium for these cells. Of the growth factors tested, epidermal growth factor, insulin, transferrin, and selenium each stimulated tendon cell division. We also investigated how these factors affected collagen synthesis, and found that they all increased both collagen and noncollagen protein synthesis equally, thus leaving the percentage of protein synthesis devoted to collagen the same. When combined with 0.2% fetal bovine serum in Ham's F12 medium, epidermal growth factor and insulin together stimulated cell multiplication to a level comparable to that of cells grown in Ham's F12 plus 10% serum. Cells could also be successfully subcultured in this medium. Thus, by using selected growth factors we have reduced significantly the serum requirements of cultured tendon cells without affecting population doubling time or subculture capability. This low-serum medium should prove useful for the study of the regulation of collagen biosynthesis. PMID- 3894316 TI - Growth factor requirements of organogenesis in serum-free metanephric organ culture. AB - In order to define humoral growth factors which may regulate mammalian renal development, the growth requirements of fetal metanephric organogenesis were studied in serum-free murine organ culture. Metanephric growth, determined by cell proliferation and protein content, and metanephric differentiation, determined morphometrically as epithelial glomerular formation, were compared and contrasted following 144 hours of organ culture incubation in basal medium, basal medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, and basal medium supplemented with various combinations of growth factors. The basal medium was composed of equal volumes of Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium and Ham's F-12 medium. Five humoral growth factors were studied in the following concentrations: selenium, 6.8 X 10(-9) M; insulin, 8.3 X 10(-7) M; triiodothyronine, 2 X 10(-9) M; transferrin, 6.2 X 10(-8) M; and prostaglandin E1, 7.1 X 10(-8) M. Results showed that transferrin and prostaglandin E1 were necessary for optimal growth in the system and that prostaglandin E1 was necessary for maximal metanephric differentiation. Such data provide guidelines for the creation of serum-free medium for future fetal renal cell and tissue culture systems, and provide insight into the factors which may regulate normal and abnormal renal embryogenesis and the reparative processes of renal hyperplasia and hypertrophy which follow renal injury. PMID- 3894317 TI - History and present status of human chromosome studies. PMID- 3894318 TI - Reversible change in the fibroblast lysosomal enzyme dipeptidyl aminopeptidase-1 (cathepsin C) related to the commercial source of fetal bovine serum in the culture medium. AB - The commercial source of fetal bovine serum used to supplement the growth medium of human skin fibroblasts alters the activity of the lysosomal enzyme dipeptidyl aminopeptidase-1 (DAP-1). Cells grown with one serum were found to have a threefold higher level of DAP-1 than those grown with serum from another source (P less than 0.001). The effect on DAP-1 activity was specific inasmuch as no differences were found in the activities of a variety of other lysosomal and nonlysosomal hydrolases: DAP-II, DAP-III, DAP-IV, beta-glucosidase, beta glucuronidase, and N-acetyl-beta-galactosaminidase. The effect is reversible and is observed over a wide range of cell population doublings. Cell growth kinetics were not significantly different with the different sera. PMID- 3894319 TI - Purge and trap method for determination of ethylene dibromide in table-ready foods. AB - An improved method has been developed for the determination of ethylene dibromide (EDB, 1,2-dibromoethane) in a variety of table-ready foods. Samples are mixed with water and sparged with nitrogen for 1 h with stirring in a water bath at 100 degrees C. The EDB collected on the adsorbent Tenax TA is eluted with hexane and determined by gas chromatography (GC) with electron capture (EC) and confirmed with Hall electrolytic conductivity (HECD) detection using a second GC column. The highest levels of EDB were also confirmed by full scan GC/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Twenty-five table-ready foods from the Food and Drug Administration's Total Diet Study that were analyzed by this method exhibited levels up to 70 ppb (pecans). Recoveries from fortified samples ranged from 91 to 104%. Values from this procedure were compared to those obtained by a modified Rains and Holder codistillation method. In all 25 samples this purge and trap procedure showed equivalent or superior recoveries and detected levels of EDB. PMID- 3894320 TI - Improved enrichment for recovery of Shigella sonnei from foods. AB - Shigella species were recovered from foods by the procedure described in the Bacteriological Analytical Manual, 5th Ed. The method is effective if Shigella species are present at about 10(6) cells/g. A 25 g food portion was incubated in Gram-negative (GN) and selenite cystine broths for 16 h at 35 degrees C and streaked onto MacConkey, Levine's eosin methylene blue, desoxycholate citrate, and xylose lysine desoxycholate agars. S. sonnei cells were recovered quantitatively at 44.5 degrees C, and along with other Shigella species, were grown with Escherichia coli in a tryptone broth under anaerobic conditions. Shigella species were also grown in a mixed microflora from foods. S. sonnei cells were inoculated into an enrichment broth containing 20 g tryptone, 2 g K2HPO4, 2 g KH2PO4, 1 g glucose, 5 g NaCl, 1.5 mL Tween 80, and 0.5 mg novobiocin/L (pH 7.0) and incubated for 20 h at 44 degrees C. Enrichments were streaked onto MacConkey agar and the plates were incubated 20 h at 35 degrees C. Suspect Shigella colonies were screened in glucose, tryptone, and lysine broths and in triple sugar iron and motility agars. The sensitivity varied from 0.3 to 1000 bacteria/g. The method has been examined with artificially inoculated lettuce, celery, brussels sprouts, mushrooms, and hamburger. It is also applicable to S. flexneri if incubation is conducted at 42 degrees C. PMID- 3894321 TI - Clinical spectrum of adverse reactions to tartrazine. AB - Tartrazine, a common additive in foods and drugs, often causes adverse reactions such as recurrent urticaria, angioedema, and asthma and is frequently implicated in hyperkinesis. This paper summarizes the recent literature on the subject and outlines a practical approach for the practicing physician to diagnose and treat these patients in an optimal manner. PMID- 3894322 TI - Radiological evaluation of malignant metastatic retroperitoneal lymphadenopathies. PMID- 3894323 TI - Splenic haematoma, an unexpected ultrasonic diagnosis. PMID- 3894324 TI - Sonography in palpable breast tumours. Comparison with palpation, thermography and X-ray mammography. PMID- 3894325 TI - Nickel-containing hydrogenase isoenzymes from anaerobically grown Escherichia coli K-12. AB - Two membrane-bound hydrogenase isoenzymes present in Escherichia coli during anaerobic growth have been resolved. The isoenzymes are immunologically and electrophoretically distinct. The physically more abundant isoenzyme (hydrogenase 1) contains a subunit of Mr 64,000 and is not released from the membrane by exposure to either trypsin or pancreatin. The second isoenzyme (hydrogenase 2) apparently contributes the greater part of the membrane-bound hydrogen:benzyl viologen oxidoreductase activity and exists in two electrophoretic forms revealed by nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel analysis. This isoenzyme is irreversibly inactivated at alkaline pH and gives rise to an active, soluble derivative when the membrane-bound enzyme is exposed to either trypsin or pancreatin. Both hydrogenase isoenzymes contain nickel. PMID- 3894326 TI - Unbalanced rRNA gene dosage and its effects on rRNA and ribosomal-protein synthesis. AB - The synthesis of rRNA was unbalanced by the introduction of plasmids containing rRNA operons with large internal deletions. Significant unbalanced synthesis was achieved only when the deletions affected both 16S and 23S RNA genes or when the deletions affected the 23S RNA gene alone. Although large imbalances in rRNA synthesis resulted from deletions affecting 16S and 23S RNA genes or only 23S RNA genes, excess 16S RNA and defective rRNA species were rapidly degraded. Large imbalances in the synthesis of regions of rRNA did not result in significantly unbalanced synthesis of ribosomal proteins. It therefore is probable that excess intact 16S RNA is degraded because ribosomal proteins are not available for packaging the RNA into ribosomes. Defective RNA species also may be degraded for this reason or because proper ribosome assembly is prevented by the defects in RNA structure. We propose two possible explanations for the finding that unbalanced overproduction of binding sites for feedback ribosomal protein does not result in significant unbalanced translational feedback depression of ribosomal protein mRNAs. PMID- 3894327 TI - Toxicity of the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway intermediate carbamyl aspartate in Salmonella typhimurium. AB - Growth of Salmonella typhimurium pyrC or pyrD auxotrophs was severely inhibited in media that caused derepressed pyr gene expression. No such inhibition was observed with derepressed pyrA and pyrB auxotrophs. Growth inhibition was not due to the depletion of essential pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway intermediates or substrates. This result and the pattern of inhibition indicated that the accumulation of the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway intermediate carbamyl aspartate was toxic. This intermediate is synthesized by the sequential action of the first two enzymes of the pathway encoded by pyrA and pyrB and is a substrate for the pyrC gene product. It should accumulate to high levels in pyrC or pyrD mutants when expression of the pyrA and pyrB genes is elevated. The introduction of either a pyrA or pyrB mutation into a pyrC strain eliminated the observed growth inhibition. Additionally, a direct correlation was shown between the severity of growth inhibition of a pyrC auxotroph and the levels of the enzymes that synthesize carbamyl aspartate. The mechanism of carbamyl aspartate toxicity was not identified, but many potential sites of growth inhibition were excluded. Carbamyl aspartate toxicity was shown to be useful as a phenotypic trait for classifying pyrimidine auxotrophs and may also be useful for positive selection of pyrA or pyrB mutants. Finally, we discuss ways of overcoming growth inhibition of pyrC and pyrD mutants under derepressing conditions. PMID- 3894328 TI - Biosynthetic arginine decarboxylase in Escherichia coli is synthesized as a precursor and located in the cell envelope. AB - The biosynthetic form of arginine decarboxylase (ADC) catalyzes the synthesis of agmatine, a precursor of putrescine, in Escherichia coli. Selective disruption of the cell envelope and an assessment of ADC activity or immunoprecipitable ADC in various fractions demonstrated its location between the cytoplasmic membrane and peptidoglycan layer. Expression in minicells of the speA gene encoding ADC resulted in the production of two immunoprecipitable species (74 and 70 kilodaltons). Studies in vivo with a pulse and chase of radiolabeled amino acid into the two species suggest a precursor-product relationship. This relationship was corroborated by demonstrating the accumulation of the 74-kilodalton species in a strain of E. coli unable to process signal sequences. Peptide mapping experiments with V8 protease, trypsin, and alpha-chymotrypsin demonstrated that the two species of ADC were very similar except for a minor difference. These data were used to substantiate the compartmentalization hypothesis as to how exogenous arginine can be channeled preferentially into putrescine. PMID- 3894329 TI - Mutations in the spoT gene of Salmonella typhimurium: effects on his operon expression. AB - The spoT gene of Salmonella typhimurium has been identified. Mutations in spoT map between gltC and pyrE at 79 min. The spoT1 mutant has elevated levels of guanosine 5'-diphosphate-3'-diphosphate (ppGpp) during steady-state growth and exhibits a slower than normal decay of ppGpp after reversal of amino acid starvation. The spoT1 mutation elevates his operon expression but is distinct from known his regulatory mutations. Elevated his operon expression in spoT mutants causes resistance to the histidine analogs, 1,2,4-triazole-3-alanine and 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole. These properties of spoT mutants allowed us to identify and characterize additional spoT mutants. Approximately 40% of these mutants are temperature sensitive for growth on minimal medium, suggesting that the spoT function is essential or that excessive accumulation of ppGpp is lethal. PMID- 3894330 TI - Cell shape and division in Escherichia coli: experiments with shape and division mutants. AB - Double mutants which carry mutations in genes (rodA, pbpA) required for cell elongation (i.e., maintenance of rod shape) in combination with mutations in genes (ftsA, ftsI, ftsQ, or ftsZ) required for septation were constructed. Such mutants were able to grow for about two mass doublings at a normal rate at the restrictive temperature (42 degrees C). The morphology of the cells formed under these conditions was interpreted by assuming the existence of a generalized system for peptidoglycan growth together with two additional systems which modify the shape of the growing peptidoglycan layer. The results also showed that different fts genes probably control different stages in septation. ftsZ (sulB or sfiB) appears to be required for the earliest step in septation, ftsQ and ftsI (pbpB or sep) are required for a later step or steps, and ftsA is required only for the latest stages in septation. PMID- 3894331 TI - Genetic evidence for substrate and periplasmic-binding-protein recognition by the MalF and MalG proteins, cytoplasmic membrane components of the Escherichia coli maltose transport system. AB - We isolated mutants of Escherichia coli in which the maltose-binding protein (MBP) is no longer required for growth on maltose as the sole source of carbon and energy. These mutants were selected as Mal+ revertants of a strain which carries a deletion of the MBP structural gene, malE. In one class of these mutants, maltose is transported into the cell independently of MBP by the remaining components of the maltose system. The mutations in these strains map in either malF or malG. These genes code for two of the cytoplasmic membrane components of the maltose transport system. In some of the mutants, MBP actually inhibits maltose transport. We demonstrate that these mutants still transport maltose actively and in a stereospecific manner. These results suggest that the malF and malG mutations result in exposure of a substrate recognition site that is usually available only to substrates bound to MBP. PMID- 3894332 TI - Escherichia coli DNA distributions measured by flow cytometry and compared with theoretical computer simulations. AB - A computer simulation routine has been made to calculate the DNA distributions of exponentially growing cultures of Escherichia coli. Calculations were based on a previously published model (S. Cooper and C.E. Helmstetter, J. Mol. Biol. 31:519 540, 1968). Simulated distributions were compared with experimental DNA distributions (histograms) recorded by flow cytometry. Cell cycle parameters were determined by varying the parameters to find the best fit of theoretical to experimental histograms. A culture of E. coli B/r A with a doubling time of 27 min was found to have a DNA replication period (C) of 43 min and an average postreplication period (D) of 22 to 23 min. Similar cell cycle parameters were found for a 60-min B/r A culture. Initiations of DNA replication at multiple origins in one and the same cell were shown to be essentially synchronous. A slowly growing B/r A culture (doubling time, 5.5 h) had an average prereplication period (B) of 2.3 h; C = 2.4 h and D = 0.8 h. It was concluded the the C period has a constant duration of 43 min (at 37 degrees C) at fast growth rates (doubling times, less than 1 h) but increases at slow growth rates. Thus, our results obtained with unperturbed exponential cultures in steady state support the model of Cooper and Helmstetter which was based on data obtained with synchronized cells. PMID- 3894333 TI - Flocculation in Azospirillum brasilense and Azospirillum lipoferum: exopolysaccharides and cyst formation. AB - The phenomena of flocculation and floc formation by Azospirillum brasilense Sp7 (ATCC 29145) and Azospirillum lipoferum Sp59b (ATCC 29707) were studied in aerobic liquid cultures. Carbon sources representative of various entry pathways in combination with various nitrogen sources induced flocculation in both species of azospirilla. Noticeably, the combination of fructose and nitrate was the most effective in terms of floc yields. Phase-contrast microscopic observations revealed a transition in cell morphology from freely motile, vibrioid cells to nonmotile, highly refractile encysting forms during the formation of flocs. The nonmotile forms in flocs appeared to be entangled within a fibrillar matrix, and the cells were highly resistant to desiccation. Dried flocs kept for almost 6 months still maintained the highly refractile encysting forms, and their viability was confirmed by pellicle formation and acetylene reduction in semisolid malate medium. Electron microscopic observations of the desiccated flocs revealed the presence of cell forms containing abundant poly beta hydroxybutyrate granules within a central body and surrounded by a thick layer of exopolysaccharides. The latter were characterized by alkali and acid digestion, crude cellulase hydrolysis, and calcofluor staining. It was concluded that the overproduction of exocellular polymers induces the flocculent growth and is associated with the concomitant transformation of vegetative cells to the desiccation-resistant encysting forms under limiting cultural conditions. PMID- 3894334 TI - Genetic location of genes encoding enterobacterial common antigen. AB - A new rff mutation (rff-726) of Escherichia coli is described which affects the biosynthesis of the enterobacterial common antigen. This mutation was detected in an rfe-defective strain. A Tn10 insertion near the rfe locus was isolated to facilitate further mapping. Both mutations rfe and rff were mapped by transduction with bacteriophage P1, giving the gene order ilv rfe rff uvrD metE. The F' factor F14 was able to complement both mutations rfe and rff, whereas the F' factor F16 could complement the rfe but not the rff mutation. The rff mutation did not affect the biosynthesis of N-acetyl-D-mannosaminuronic acid, as the previously described rff mutations in Salmonella typhimurium do (H. C. Lew, H. Nikaido, and P. H. Makela, J. Bacteriol. 136:227-233, 1978), and also did not affect the biosynthesis of other enterobacterial common antigen components; however, the biosynthesis of the complete enterobacterial common antigen molecule was blocked. PMID- 3894335 TI - Gene density over the chromosome of Escherichia coli: frequency distribution, spatial clustering, and symmetry. AB - Published studies of gene density (the number of genetic loci per unit of length on the linkage map) for Escherichia coli report a nonrandom frequency distribution and indicate notable symmetry in spatial clustering of gene density. We reexamined these results and found that gene density is a random variable with a frequency distribution that is lognormal. That is, the logarithm of gene density is a normally distributed random variable. Furthermore, comparison of the observed E. coli map and computer-generated random maps showed that symmetries in the spatial clustering of gene density are not exceptional; these features arise naturally among genes (or loci) whose density has this frequency distribution. These results are discussed along with other related examples that illustrate the emerging importance of statistical inference in molecular genetics. PMID- 3894336 TI - Lithium Information Center: The Lithium Library revisited. AB - The Lithium Information Center's experience over the past 7 years is discussed. The center is a computer-based reference service which specializes in dissemination of information about the medical uses of lithium. At the heart of the center is the Lithium Library, a bibliographic retrieval system containing references to the lithium literature. More than 5,000 requests for literature searches and patient information have been answered by Lithium Library staff members since 1977. The center has recently expanded its services, creating the Lithium Index and Lithium Consultation, computerized programs that provide immediate answers to specific questions about lithium. The center's services are directed to patient care, lithium research, and medical and patient education. Because of topical specialization and use of computers, the Lithium Information Center has been able to provide more immediate, comprehensive, relevant, integrated, and up-to-date information than other bibliographic services. PMID- 3894337 TI - Comparison of injectable molindone and haloperidol followed by oral dosage forms in acutely ill schizophrenics. AB - The comparative efficacy of molindone and haloperidol, given by injection for the first 2-3 days of hospitalization and then continued orally for up to 4 weeks, is reported from an ongoing double-blind study. Efficacy and side effects were assessed by the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, Clinical Global Impressions, Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale, and Target Symptom Ratings. Analyses based on the first 35 patients who entered the study indicate that both drugs were effective and well tolerated. There were slight advantages for molindone early during the injectable phase of treatment and for haloperidol late during the oral portion of the study, but these differences were not clinically significant. No significant differences in side effects were found between the two drugs. PMID- 3894338 TI - Molindone hydrochloride treatment of hospitalized children with conduct disorder. AB - Treatment-emergent symptoms and behavioral changes were assessed during an 8-week double-blind study comparing molindone and thioridazine in 31 aggressive hospitalized children (ages 6-11). Molindone was found to be as effective as thioridazine in this sample. Adverse effects differed (nonsignificantly) for the two groups, with more sedation in the thioridazine-treated children. Clinical records from 6 adolescent inpatients treated with molindone were reviewed as a comparison group. Molindone is a relatively safe neuroleptic for child and adolescent inpatients because of its short half-life and minimal prolonged tissue accumulation. Additional studies on different child populations are necessary before the proper indications for molindone usage in the pediatric group can be established. PMID- 3894339 TI - Clinical experience with molindone hydrochloride in geriatric patients. AB - Elderly patients (N = 28) with a variety of psychiatric disorders were treated with molindone in an 8-week open clinical trial. Many patients had concomitant medical illnesses, and many were on other medications in addition to molindone. Molindone appeared to be safe, clinically effective, and well-tolerated. The most common adverse effects were extrapyramidal side effects, but the occurrence of these symptoms was relatively low. PMID- 3894340 TI - Review of clinical and laboratory experiences with molindone hydrochloride. AB - The literature concerning the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, receptor physiology, and clinical use of molindone is reviewed. Unanswered questions about the drug are addressed. Although molindone is reputed to have a short half-life (1.5 hours), clinical observations report a prolonged effect from a once-daily dose. Early in treatment, some patients show intolerance due to akathisia or extrapyramidal symptoms. This may be withdrawal dyskinesia due to discontinuation of another drug or an early adverse effect of molindone. Different effects on dopamine receptors have been described, but the significance of these properties for the development of tardive dyskinesia remains unclear. PMID- 3894341 TI - Correlation between nuclear histone acetylation and casein messenger RNA induction in the mammary gland. AB - Sodium butyrate prevented the accumulation of casein mRNA induced by the combined action of prolactin and glucocorticoid in the presence of insulin in the cultured mammary gland. This inhibition was reversible and dose-dependent. In addition to the inhibition of the mRNA induction, both nuclear histone acetylase and deacetylase activities were inhibited by the incubation of the glands with butyrate, whereas these enzyme activities were stimulated by glucocorticoid and prolactin, or by glucocorticoid alone, in the presence of insulin. These data strongly suggest that the increased metabolism of histone acetyl groups is involved in the hormone-mediated casein mRNA induction and that glucocorticoid plays a preferential role on this increased metabolism. PMID- 3894342 TI - Active site-directed modification of tryptophanase by 3-bromopyruvate. AB - Tryptophanase purified from Escherichia coli B/It7-A was irreversibly inactivated by 3-bromopyruvate following pseudo-first-order kinetics. The inactivation rate for the holoenzyme tended to saturate as the concentration f bromopyruvate increased. L-Alanine and DL-3-phenylserine, potent competitive inhibitors with respect to L-tryptophan decomposition, protected the enzyme from inactivation. Titration of SH groups in the enzyme protein with 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) showed that modification of one SH group per enzyme subunit resulted in a complete inactivation. When the enzyme was subjected to bromopyruvate modification following pretreatment with DTNB, the activity was almost completely restored upon reduction with dithiothreitol. Modification of the enzyme with bromopyruvate quenched the absorption peak near 500 nm, characteristic of a quinoidal structure formed by labilization of the alpha-proton. These results support the possibility that bromopyruvate reacts with the enzyme as an affinity labeling agent. PMID- 3894343 TI - Immunoelectrophoretic study of cell surface antigens from different Streptococcus mutans serotypes and Streptococcus sanguis. AB - Antigens prepared from culture supernatants or whole cells of several cariogenic strains were examined by immunoelectrophoresis for their crossed antigenicity, with reference to Streptococcus mutans OMZ175, serotype f. Crossed immunoelectrophoresis revealed a crossreactivity between soluble extracellular and wall associated antigens of six strains of Streptococcus mutans and one strain of Streptococcus sanguis. Protease destroyed the immunoreactivity of crossreactive antigens. One of them was shown to be localized on the bacterial surface. PMID- 3894344 TI - Ultrastructural relationship of denture surfaces, plaque and oral mucosa in denture stomatitis. AB - Denture plaque has been studied by transmission electron microscopy in glycolmethacrylate-embedded specimens from six patients presenting with typical denture stomatitis. Different types of thin and thick pellicles were found applied to the denture surface. These were in contact with a denture plaque made up predominantly of loosely packed Gram- positive and Gram- negative bacteria. Rounded, rod-shaped and filamentous micro-organisms were all evident. Group of Candida albicans with normal ultrastructure were noted in some limited zones. When surrounded by bacteria, especially by bacteria in corn-cob configurations the Candida showed cytological signs of degeneration. In one case out of six a bacterial penetration of the acrylic denture base was observed, through narrow and straight channels and subsurface cavities filled with micro-organisms. Bacterial penetration was also seen in the most superficial cell layers of the palatal mucous membrane. PMID- 3894345 TI - Nucleotide sequence of the guaA gene encoding GMP synthetase of Escherichia coli K12. AB - GMP synthetase (EC 6.3.4.1), a glutamine amido-transferase encoded by the guaA gene, catalyzes the synthesis of GMP from XMP. The guaA gene was subcloned from the Clarke and Carbon (Clarke, L., and Carbon, J. (1976) Cell 9, 91-99) plasmid pLC34-10, and the nucleotide sequence was determined. The structural gene encodes a protein of 525 amino acid residues having a calculated Mr of 58,604. The amino acid sequence of the NH2 terminus of GMP synthetase was determined and used to verify the translation start site determined from the DNA sequence. A 68-base pair intercistronic region separates guaA from the upstream guaB gene in the polycistronic guaBA operon. The 3' end of the guaA mRNA was determined by S1 nuclease mapping. The 3' end of guaA mRNA is 36-37 nucleotides downstream of the translation stop codon within a region of dyad symmetry that resembles a rho independent transcription termination site. PMID- 3894346 TI - Effect of trypsin modification of the Escherichia coli elongation factor Tu on the ternary complex with aminoacyl-tRNA. AB - The ribonuclease resistance assay has been used to probe the effect of trypsin modification of the Escherichia coli elongation factor Tu X GTP on the interaction with E. coli aminoacyl-tRNAs. First, the equilibrium dissociation constant of the trypsin-modified Tu X GTP X Thr-tRNA complex was determined to be 2.3 (0.1) X 10(-5)M at 4 degrees C, pH 7.4. Second, binding of 17 of 20 noninitiator aminoacyl-tRNAs and four sets of purified isoacceptor tRNAs to the modified protein was measured. At 4 degrees C, the complex stabilities vary 500 fold over the range of aminoacyl-tRNAs, with Gln-tRNA forming the strongest ternary complex and Val-tRNA, the weakest. The results are compared to a similar study of ternary complex formation using intact elongation factor Tu X GTP, and the major differences are discussed. An analysis of both data sets, particularly that for the leucine isoacceptor tRNAs, suggests that the trypsin modification of elongation factor Tu X GTP disrupts a region of protein that is involved with the aminoacyl side chain rather than that of the acceptor stem helix region of the aminoacyl-tRNA. PMID- 3894347 TI - Studies of hormonal regulation of osteocalcin synthesis in cultured fetal rat calvariae. AB - The synthesis of osteocalcin, the major non-collagenous protein of adult bone, was examined in cultures of 21-day fetal rat calvariae. Osteocalcin was measured by a sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay. Osteocalcin concentration in unincubated calvariae was 14.5 +/- 0.5 ng/calvaria. After incubation, there was a continuous increase in bone and medium osteocalcin, and by 96 h the values were about 100% higher than in unincubated calvariae. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25 (OH)2D3) at 10(-11) to 10(-8)M increased osteocalcin synthesis. The effect appeared as early as 6 h after treatment and was primarily observed in the culture medium, and 1,25-(OH)2D3 stimulated osteocalcin up to 9-fold by 96 h. Concomitant with the effect on osteocalcin synthesis, 1,25-(OH)2D3 inhibited collagen synthesis. Cycloheximide markedly decreased osteocalcin concentrations in control and 1,25-(OH)2D3-treated calvariae. The stimulatory effect on osteocalcin synthesis was specific to 1,25-(OH)2D3 since 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, parathyroid hormone, epidermal growth factor, and prostaglandin E2 did not stimulate osteocalcin synthesis, and parathyroid hormone and epidermal growth factor opposed the 1,25-(OH)2D3 stimulatory effect. Insulin did not alter osteocalcin concentration by itself but enhanced the effect of 1,25-(OH)2D3. In conclusion, 1,25-(OH)2D3 stimulates osteocalcin synthesis in cultures of normal calvariae, but this effect is not shared by other hormones known to affect bone metabolism. PMID- 3894348 TI - The Escherichia coli O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase does not repair promutagenic O6-methylguanine residues when present in Z-DNA. AB - The repair of O6-methylguanine present in N-methylnitrosourea (MNU)-treated alternating polynucleotides MNU-poly(dG-dC) X poly(dG-dC) and MNU-poly(dG-me5dC) X poly(dG-me5dC] was investigated using O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase purified from Escherichia coli. Both modified polynucleotides are equally good substrates for the DNA methyltransferase when they are in the B-form. The substrate properties of the MNU-treated polynucleotides do not differ from those of MNU-treated DNA. One of these modified polynucleotides, MNU-poly(dG-me5dC) X (dG-me5dC), can adopt the Z-conformation under physiological conditions. The conformational transition of the poly(dG-me5dC) X poly(dG-me5dC) from the B-form to the Z-form was monitored by the modification of its spectroscopic properties and by the specific binding of antibodies raised against Z-DNA. The O6 methylguanine residues are repaired in MNU-poly(dG-me5dC) X poly(dG-me5dC) in B form. At variance, the conversion of this template to the Z-form completely inhibits the repair of the O6-methylguanine residues. The cooperative transition from the Z- to the B-form of MNU-poly(dG-me5dC) X poly(dG-me5dC), mediated by intercalating drugs such as ethidium bromide, restores the ability of MNU-poly(dG me5dC) X poly(dG-me5dC) to be substrate for the transferase. These results imply that the promutagenic DNA lesion O6-methylguanine persists in Z-DNA fragments and suggest that DNA conformation modulates the extent of DNA repair and, as a result, plays an important role in determining the mutagenic potency of chemical carcinogens. PMID- 3894349 TI - Comparison of the independent solvent structures of dimeric alpha-chymotrypsin with themselves and with gamma-chymotrypsin. AB - The solvent structure of alpha-chymotrypsin has been determined in the restrained least squares refinement (1.67-A resolution) of the dimeric molecule (Blevins, R. A., and Tulinsky, A. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 4264-4275). A total of 247 water molecules reduced the R-factor by 0.039 to 0.179. The average occupancy of solvent is 0.77 and the average isotropic thermal parameter is 22 A2. About 80% of the solvent is around the surface, 10% is in the dimer interface, and 10% is interior. There are 49 pairs of water molecules related by 2-fold noncrystallographic symmetry (within 1.0 A) and 199 waters that can potentially hydrogen bond with protein or themselves. The specificity sites contain 5 water molecules, 2 of which are displaced by substrate binding. The remainder probably aid in identifying and positioning the latter for catalysis. Four of these waters also occur in gamma-chymotrypsin. Considering the water structure in the dimer interface region of alpha-chymotrypsin with that of gamma-chymotrypsin reveals that about two-thirds of the solvent in this region is lost on dimerization. Last, 4 of the water molecules of alpha-chymotrypsin have been identified to be sulfate ions from a difference map based on crystals with selenate exchanged mother liquor. PMID- 3894350 TI - Structure-function relationship in Escherichia coli initiation factors. Biochemical and biophysical characterization of the interaction between IF-2 and guanosine nucleotides. AB - Equilibrium dialysis and protection from heat inactivation and proteolysis show that initiation factor 2 (IF-2) interacts not only with GTP but also with GDP and that its conformation is changed upon binding of either nucleotide. The apparent Ka (at 25 degrees C) for the IF-2 X GDP and IF-2 X GTP complexes was 8.0 X 10(4) and 7.0 X 10(3) M(-1), respectively. The lower affinity for GTP is associated with a more negative delta S0. The interaction, monitored by 1HNMR spectroscopy, is characterized by fast exchange and results in line broadening and downfield shift of the purine C-8 and ribose C-1' protons of GTP as well as of the beta, gamma-methylene protons of (beta-gamma-methylene)guanosine 5'-triphosphate. The interaction of guanosine nucleotides with IF-2 requires an H bond donor (or acceptor) group at position C-2 of the purine and involves the beta- and/or gamma phosphate of the nucleotide while the ribose 2'-OH group or the integrity of the furan ring are less critical. IF-2 binds to ribosomal particles with decreasing affinity: 30 S greater than 70 S greater than 50 S. GTP and GDP have no effect on the binding to 70 S. GTP stimulates the binding to the 30 S and depresses somewhat the binding to the 50 S subunits; GDP has the opposite effect. These results seem to rule out that the release of IF 2 from 70 S is due to a "GDP conformation" of the factor incompatible with its permanence on the ribosome. The rate and the extent of 30 S initiation complex formation are approximately 2-fold higher with IF-2 X GTP than with IF-2 alone. At low concentrations of IF-2 and 30 S subunits, GDP inhibits this reaction, acting as a strong competitive inhibitor of GTP (Ki = 1.25 X 10(-5)m) and preventing IF-2 from binding to the ribosomal subunit. PMID- 3894351 TI - Amino acid sequence of an egg-lysin protein from abalone spermatozoa that solubilizes the vitelline layer. AB - Spermatozoa of the California red abalone (Haliotis rufescens; Phylum Mollusca, order Archeogastropoda) possess an acrosomal protein that dissolves the egg vitelline layer during fertilization. Evidence strongly suggests that the dissolution mechanism is a stoichiometric, nonenzymatic process that depends on the hydrophobic nature of the sperm protein which should therefore be termed an egg-lysin. Here we report the complete amino acid sequence of this unique protein. Peptides obtained by cyanogen bromide cleavage and trypsin and V8 protease digestions were isolated and subjected to automated Edman degradation. Seven unique CNBr fragments accounted for the intact lysin and the proteolytically derived peptides were used to establish the order of these fragments. The protein is composed of 134 amino acids and contains 36 charged amino acids. The majority of these occur at distances of 2 or 3 residues from each other. A stretch of 41 amino acids contains 10 positively charged amino acids and no negatively charged residue. Model building experiments demonstrated that the charged residues that may occur in alpha-helical regions of the protein would occupy one-half of the circumference of such helices. The other half would display predominantly hydrophobic residues. This arrangement of the charged and hydrophobic residues may account for the biological properties of the lysin. PMID- 3894352 TI - Cell cycle-dependent expression of mammalian ribonucleotide reductase. Differential regulation of the two subunits. AB - Consistent with its specialized role in DNA synthesis, the activity of ribonucleotide reductase is cell cycle-dependent, reaching its maximum during S phase. This paper demonstrates, however, the levels of the two protein subunits, M1 and M2, of this enzyme vary independently of one another. The level of protein M1 was determined by use of a two-site monoclonal antibody-enzyme immunoassay and found to be constant throughout the cell cycle in bovine kidney MDBK cells. Pulse chase experiments showed that the half-life of protein M1 was 15 h. This contrasts with our previous results demonstrating an S-phase-correlated increase in the concentration of protein M2 and a half-life of this subunit of 3 h. Therefore, ribonucleotide reductase is controlled during the cell cycle by the level of protein M2. PMID- 3894353 TI - Epoxidation of prostacyclin in the rabbit kidney. AB - In the isolated Tyrode's perfused rabbit kidney, metabolism of [9-3H]prostacyclin was examined. In addition to 7,9-dihydroxy-4,13-diketo-dinor-prostanoic acid, dinor-6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha, and pentanorprostaglandin (PG)F1 alpha gamma lactone, a new, previously unreported, metabolite was isolated and identified by radio-gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry as 5-hydroxy-6 keto-PGF1 alpha. The structure of this metabolite was further confirmed by comparison of the mass spectra to that of the synthetic standard. The formation of 5-hydroxy-6-keto-PGF1 alpha in the kidney suggested epoxidation of prostacyclin via the renal epoxygenase pathway. PMID- 3894354 TI - Inhibition of human renin by synthetic peptides derived from its prosegment. AB - The primary structure of human preprorenin has recently been determined from its cDNA sequence. It includes a 46-amino acid NH2-terminal prosegment. Six peptides corresponding to the entire prosegment (9-40), except for the NH2-terminal (1-8) and COOH-terminal (41-46) ends have been synthesized. These peptides were tested for their inhibitory effect on human plasma renin activity. Boc-Tyr-Thr-Thr-Phe Lys-Arg-Ile-Phe-Leu-Lys-Arg-Met-Pro-OMe (where Boc represents t-butoxycarbonyl and OMe represents methoxy) (h Y(9-20) and its fragment Boc-Leu-Lys-Arg-Met-Pro OMe h (16-20) were the most potent inhibitors with IC50 values of 2 X 10(-4) and 3 X 10(-4)M, respectively. Peptides located near the COOH-terminus were less inhibitory. The inhibitory capacity of h (16-20) was studied further on highly purified human renin acting on either pure human angiotensinogen or a synthetic human tetradecapeptide substrate. In both of these assays its inhibitory potency was about 10-fold greater than that found on plasma renin activity. Peptide h (16 20) was 3-6 times less potent in inhibiting human renin than its mouse counterpart m (15-19) was in inhibiting mouse renin. Kinetic studies carried out with h (16-20) showed a mixed type of inhibition. When human angiotensinogen was used as substrate, Ki and K'i values were 17.7 +/- 3.9 and 2.9 +/- 0.9 microM, respectively. These studies showed that human renin, like mouse renin and pepsin, can be inhibited by peptides derived from its prosegment. In addition, as in the case of pepsin, they suggest that the NH2-terminal part of the prosegment interacts more strongly with the active enzyme. PMID- 3894355 TI - Purification and properties of a prothrombin activator from the venom of Notechis scutatus scutatus. AB - The prothrombin activator present in the venom of the mainland tiger snake (Notechis scutatus scutatus) was purified to homogeneity by gel chromatography on Sephadex G-200 followed by ion-exchange chromatography on SP-Sephadex. The venom activator has an apparent molecular weight of 54,000. It consists of a heavy chain (Mr = 32,000) and a light chain (Mr = 23,000) held together by one or more disulfide bridges. The active site is located at the heavy chain region of the molecule. The venom activator contains 8 gamma-carboxyglutamic acid residues/molecule. Gel electrophoretic analysis of prothrombin activation indicates that the venom activator is capable of cleaving both the Arg 274-Thr 275 and Arg 323-Ile 324 bonds of bovine prothrombin. The order of bond cleavage appears to be random since prethrombin-2 and meizothrombin occur as intermediates during prothrombin activation. Prothrombin activation by the venom activator alone is very slow. This is explained by the unfavorable kinetic parameters for the reaction (Km for prothrombin = 105 microM, Vmax = 0.0025 nmol of prothrombin activated per min/microgram of venom activator). Phospholipids plus Ca2+ and Factor Va greatly stimulate venom-catalyzed prothrombin activation. In the presence of 50 microM phospholipid vesicles composed of 20 mol % phosphatidylserine and 80 mol % phosphatidylcholine, the Km drops to 0.2 microM, whereas there is hardly any effect on the Vmax. Factor Va causes a 3,500-fold increase of the Vmax (8.35 nmol of prothrombin activated per min/microgram of venom activator) and a 10-fold decrease of the Km (9.5 microM). The most favorable kinetic parameters are observed in the presence of both 50 microM phospholipid and Factor Va (Km = 0.16 microM, Vmax = 27.9 nmol of prothrombin activated per min/microgram of venom activator). These changes of the kinetic parameters explain the stimulatory effects of Factor Va and phospholipid on venom catalyzed prothrombin activation. The venom activator slowly converts the Factor Xa-specific chromogenic substrates CH3SO2-D-leucyl-glycyl-L-arginine-p nitroanilide and N-benzoyl-L-isoleucyl-L-glutamyl-(piperidyl)-glycyl-L-arginyl-p nitroani lide hydrochloride. Factor Va causes a 7-fold stimulation of chromogenic substrate conversion by the venom activator. This stimulation appears to be the result of the formation of a tight 1:1 complex between the venom activator and Factor Va. PMID- 3894356 TI - Alteration of the apparent Ki of carnitine palmitoyltransferase for malonyl-CoA by the diabetic state and reversal by insulin. AB - The effects of streptozotocin-induced diabetes and the subsequent treatment of diabetic animals with insulin were studied using a dose of streptozotocin that produces highly ketotic animals 48 h after injection. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase of diabetic animals had apparent Ki values for malonyl-CoA that were approximately 10 times greater than control animals, indicating a greatly decreased affinity for malonyl-CoA in the diabetic state. Subsequent treatment of diabetic animals with insulin for 5 days produced non-ketotic animals with normal blood glucose, and the affinity of carnitine palmitoyltransferase for malonyl-CoA was increased to the control level. Treatment of other groups of ketotic diabetic animals with insulin produced substantial changes in the carnitine palmitoyltransferase apparent Ki value for malonyl-CoA within 4 h. These results suggest that insulin modulates the ketotic state, at least in part, by increasing the affinity of carnitine palmitoyltransferase for malonyl-CoA to bring about inhibition of fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis. PMID- 3894357 TI - Substrate specificity of aspartate transcarbamylase. Interaction of the enzyme with analogs of aspartate and succinate. AB - The ability of aspartate transcarbamylase from Escherichia coli to catalyze carbamylation of amino acids other than the natural substrate, L-aspartate, was examined. Cysteine, cysteate, cysteinesulfinate, and 3-nitroalanine showed kcat values at pH 7 of 0.16, 0.58, 5.2, and 62 s-1, respectively, while kcat with aspartate was 320 s-1. In a parallel study, competitive inhibition constants of 3 nitropropionate, 3-mercaptopropionate, 3-sulfopropionate, and 3-sulfinopropionate were found to be high, about 0.1 M, compared with that of succinate, 0.56 mM. Although cysteinesulfinate had low activity as a substrate, the pH dependences of kcat and kcat/Km in H2O and D2O observed with the compound closely paralleled those of aspartate. The results of these studies suggest that substrate specificity and reactivity are achieved in part by a strong, highly specific interaction of one or more active site residues with the beta-carboxylate of L aspartate. Unlike the sigmoidal kinetics found with aspartate, saturation of native aspartate transcarbamylase by cysteine sulfinate showed a lack of cooperativity, even under conditions of activation of the reaction by ATP and inhibition by CTP. The cysteinesulfinate reaction was increased 9-fold by the bisubstrate analog N-phosphonacetyl-L-aspartate. These results were interpreted in terms of an inability of cysteinesulfinate to cause the allosteric conformational change promoted by aspartate. PMID- 3894358 TI - The biosynthesis and assembly of methanol dehydrogenase in bacterium W3A1. AB - Bacterium W3A1, a restricted facultative methylotroph, produces a periplasmic methanol dehydrogenase composed of two identical subunits of Mr = 57,300, and two noncovalently bound methoxatin prosthetic groups. A precursor form of Mr = 1,500 larger than the mature subunit was identified among the products of an in vitro translation of total RNA isolated from bacterium W3A1. The precursor form of the protein could not be detected in cells during in vivo pulse-labeling studies, suggesting that the processing of this precursor occurs entirely co translationally. Whereas the holoenzyme was detectable only as a dimer, removal of the prosthetic group yielded an apoenzyme that could be detected as either a dimeric or monomeric species. After readdition of the purified prosthetic group to the apoenzyme, only the dimeric form of the protein, bearing the cofactor and exhibiting an absorption spectrum similar to that of the holoenzyme, was detected. Neither the mature apoprotein nor the holoenzyme demonstrated any affinity for phospholipid membranes, as assayed by their inability to bind to liposomes. Taken together, these data suggest a scheme of co-translational processing and export of the apoprotein subunits, followed by assembly of the subunits and prosthetic groups in the periplasmic space to form the mature holoenzyme. The suitability of bacterium W3A1, and other methylotrophic bacteria, for use in studies of protein biosynthesis and export, is also discussed. PMID- 3894359 TI - Dependence of maltose transport and chemotaxis on the amount of maltose-binding protein. AB - Maltose-binding protein (MBP) is essential for maltose transport and chemotaxis in Escherichia coli. To perform these functions it must interact with two sets of cytoplasmic membrane proteins, the MalFGK transport complex and the chemotactic signal transducer Tar. MBP is present at high concentrations, on the order of 1 mM, in the periplasm of maltose-induced or malTc constitutive cells. To determine how the amount of MBP affects transport and taxis, we utilized a series of malE signal-sequence mutations that interfere with export of MBP. The MBP content in shock fluid from cells carrying the various mutations ranged from 4 to 23% of the malE+ level. The apparent Km for maltose transport varied by less than a factor of 2 among malE+ and mutant strains. At a saturating maltose concentration 9% (approximately 90 microM) of the malE+ amount of MBP was required for half maximal uptake rates. Transport exhibited a sigmoidal dependence on the amount of periplasmic MBP, indicating that MBP may be involved in a cooperative interaction at some stage of the transport process. The chemotactic response to a saturating maltose stimulus exhibited a first-order dependence on the amount of periplasmic MBP. Thus, interaction of a single substrate-bound MBP with Tar appears sufficient to initiate a chemotactic signal from the transducer. A half-maximal chemotactic response occurred at 25% of the malE+ MBP level, suggesting that in vivo the KD for binding of maltose-loaded MBP to Tar is quite high (approximately 250 microM). PMID- 3894360 TI - 15N-labeled Escherichia coli tRNAfMet, tRNAGlu, tRNATyr, and tRNAPhe. Double resonance and two-dimensional NMR of N1-labeled pseudouridine. AB - The N1 imino units in Escherichia coli tRNAfMet, tRNAGlu, tRNAPhe, and tRNATyr were studied by 1H-15N NMR using three different techniques to suppress signals of protons not attached to 15N. Two of the procedures, Fourier internuclear difference spectroscopy and two-dimensional forbidden echo spectroscopy permitted 1H and 15N chemical shifts to be measured simultaneously at 1H sensitivity. The tRNAs were labeled by fermentation of the uracil auxotroph S phi 187 on a minimal medium containing [1-15N]uracil. 1H and 15N resonances were detected for all of the N1 psi imino units except psi 13 at the end of the dihydrouridine stem in tRNAGlu. Chemical shifts for imino units in the tRNAs were compared with "intrinsic" values in model systems. The comparisons show that the A X psi pairs at the base of the anticodon stem in E. coli tRNAPhe and tRNATyr have psi in an anti conformation. The N1 protons of psi in other locations, including psi 32 in the anticodon loop of tRNAPhe, form internal hydrogen bonds to bridging water molecules or 2'-hydroxyl groups in nearby ribose units. These interactions permit psi to stabilize the tertiary structure of a tRNA beyond what is provided by the U it replaces. PMID- 3894361 TI - Hybridization selection of nucleic acid-protein complexes. 1. Detection of proteins cross-linked to specific mRNAs and DNA sequences by irradiation of intact Escherichia coli cells with ultraviolet light. AB - A method is presented for the detection in crude lysates of subnanogram amounts of proteins covalently bound to a specific nucleic acid sequence. The sensitivity of this method enabled us to study proteins cross-linked to specific DNA and mRNA sequences by irradiation of intact Escherichia coli cells with ultraviolet light. Among the proteins cross-linked to pBR322 DNA, the single strand binding protein, the HU-proteins, and the RNA polymerase beta and sigma subunits were present. Some, but not all proteins were cross-linked to 5-bromodeoxyuridine-substituted DNA more efficiently than to normal DNA. Ribosomal protein S1 is by far the most prominent protein cross-linked to mRNAs. Among the proteins cross-linked in smaller amounts to mRNAs are translation initiation factor IF 1, and at least six proteins of the 30 S ribosomal subunit, among which is S21. No 50 S proteins, nor IF-2, IF-3 or any of the elongation factors could be detected. Some UV-induced nucleic acid-protein cross-links were found to be heat-labile. It is concluded that the method employed may be used to compare the proteins interacting with different mRNAs, as well as single-copy DNA sequences from bacteria and eucaryotes with low complexity genomes. PMID- 3894362 TI - Hybridization selection of covalent nucleic acid-protein complexes. 2. Cross linking of proteins to specific Escherichia coli mRNAs and DNA sequences by formaldehyde treatment of intact cells. AB - Proteins cross-linked to pBR322 mRNAs and DNA by formaldehyde treatment of intact Escherichia coli cells have been detected with the use of a novel detection method. Among the proteins cross-linked to pBR322 mRNAs were S1, S21, and at least six other proteins of the small ribosomal subunit, initiation factor 1, elongation factor (EF) Tu, and very small amounts of EF-G and EF-Ts. The single strand binding protein, the HU-proteins, and RNA polymerase subunits alpha and beta were among the proteins cross-linked to pBR322 DNA. The results obtained suggest that the procedures described, can also be used to study interactions between different nucleic acid-bound polypeptides. The results are discussed in relation to the working mechanism of formaldehyde, and are compared to the results obtained with cross-linking induced by ultraviolet light. The methods presented should also be of use for the study of nucleic acid-protein interactions in other organisms. PMID- 3894363 TI - Response of recA-dependent operons to different DNA damage signals. AB - The responses of three recA-dependent operons (recA, lambda, and phi 80), with three different repressors, to five DNA damage treatments were compared. Each operon shows a unique induction onset time constant over a wide dose range. However, the extent of response is variable within the same dose range. Individual Escherichia coli cells show a graded SOS response to different levels of DNA damage. Apparently phage repressors have evolved to discriminate between lethal and sublethal DNA damage to a host by a wide variety of agents. Multiple induction signals could account for the complex behavior of this system. For example, the absence of the recBC enzyme from a cell leads to complex changes in SOS induction onset times and extents. PMID- 3894364 TI - Trypanosoma cruzi cells undergo an alteration in protein N-glycosylation upon differentiation. AB - Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes (insect gut stage) incubated with [U-14C]glucose synthesized Man9GlcNAc2-P-P-dolichol as practically the sole dolichol-P-P derivative. On the other hand, amastigotes (intracellular stage) of the same parasite synthesized four to five times more Man7GlcNAc2-P-P-dolichol than Man9GlcNAc2-P-P-dolichol. Evidence is presented indicating that, whereas in epimastigotes only Man9GlcNAc2 was transferred to proteins, in amastigotes both Man7GlcNAc2 and Man9GlcNAc2 were transferred in direct proportion to their respective amounts bound to dolichol-P-P. The change in the mechanism of protein N-glycosylation could be observed upon in vitro differentiation of amastigotes to epimastigotes. The dissimilar size of the main oligosaccharides transferred to proteins in epimastigotes and amastigotes was responsible for differences in two structural features of high mannose-type oligosaccharides present in mature glycoproteins of both forms of the parasite, namely the average size of the compounds and the structure of the main species of some isomer oligosaccharides. PMID- 3894365 TI - Affinity labeling of a tyrosine residue in the ATP binding site of the recA protein from Escherichia coli with 5'-p-fluorosulfonylbenzoyladenosine. AB - We have covalently modified the recA protein from Escherichia coli with the adenine nucleotide analog 5'-p-fluorosulfonylbenzoyladenosine (5'-FSBA). The rate at which the protein is modified shows a sigmoidal dependence on the concentration of 5'-FSBA suggesting that binding of the analog is characterized by positive cooperativity. Covalent modification of the protein results in irreversible inactivation of its single-stranded DNA-dependent ATPase activity such that 100% inactivation is achieved when 25% of the enzyme monomers have been modified. Attachment of 5'-FSBA is specific for the ATP-binding site of recA protein as judged by the following criteria: (i) attachment of the affinity label to the protein appears to saturate at 1 mol of 5'-FSBA/mol of protein; (ii) binding of 5'-FSBA to recA protein is inhibited by ATP and competitive inhibitors of its ATP hydrolytic activity, e.g. adenosine-5'-O-(thiotriphosphate), ADP, UTP, and GTP, but not by adenosine; (iii) attachment of 5'-FSBA to the protein occurs at a single site as determined by high pressure liquid chromatography peptide separation. Following trypsin digestion of recA protein that had been covalently modified with [3H]5'-FSBA we isolated a single labeled peptide (T31) containing the exclusive site of 5'-FSBA attachment. A secondary proteolytic digestion was performed on both 5'-FSBA modified T31 and unmodified T31 using Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease, and by comparison of the amino acid compositions of the resulting peptides we identified Tyr-264 as the exclusive site of 5'-FSBA attachment in recA protein. PMID- 3894366 TI - Tyrosine 264 in the recA protein from Escherichia coli is the site of modification by the photoaffinity label 8-azidoadenosine 5'-triphosphate. AB - The photoaffinity label 8-azidoadenosine 5'-triphosphate (N3-ATP) was used to covalently modify the recA protein from Escherichia coli within its ATP-binding site. We have previously demonstrated that N3-ATP modification of recA protein is specific for the ATP-binding site and have isolated a unique tryptic peptide (T31), spanning residues 257-280, that contains the exclusive site of attachment of this ATP analog (Knight, K. L., and McEntee, K. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 867 872). We performed a secondary proteolytic digestion of the [alpha-32P]N3-ATP labeled T31 peptide using Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease and purified the resulting peptide fragments by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Based on a comparison of the amino acid compositions of all purified fragments and sequence analysis of one labeled fragment we determined that Tyr-264 is the exclusive site of N3-ATP attachment in recA protein. Photoaffinity labeling of recA protein was also performed in the presence of single-stranded DNA. Following trypsin treatment and separation of peptides by HPLC we showed that tryptic peptide T31 contained the exclusive site of N3-ATP attachment. A secondary proteolytic digestion was performed on both [alpha-32P]N3ATP-modified T31 and unmodified T31 using alpha-chymotrypsin. Comparison of the HPLC profiles and amino acid compositions of the resulting fragments was consistent with Tyr-264 as the exclusive site of N3-ATP attachment to recA protein. PMID- 3894367 TI - Tubulin, hybrid dimers, and tubulin S. Stepwise charge reduction and polymerization. AB - Limited proteolysis of rat brain tubulin (alpha beta) by subtilisin cleaves a 1-2 kDa fragment from the carboxyl-terminal ends of both the alpha and beta subunits with a corresponding loss in negative charge of the proteins. The beta subunit is split much more rapidly (and exclusively at 5 degrees C), yielding a protein with cleaved beta and intact alpha subunit, called alpha beta s, which is of intermediate charge. Further proteolysis cleaves the carboxyl terminus of the alpha subunit leading, irreversibly, to the doubly cleaved product, named tubulin S, with a composition alpha s beta s. Both cleavage products are polymerization competent and their polymers are resistant to 1 mM Ca2+- and 0.24 M NaCl-induced depolymerization. The two polymers differ in that the alpha beta s polymer is stable to cold, GDP, and podophyllotoxin, whereas tubulin S polymer is disassembled by these agents; moreover, alpha beta s forms ring-shaped polymers, whereas alpha s beta s forms filaments associated into bundles and sheets. Tubulin S co-polymerizes with native tubulin yielding a mixed product of intermediate stability. The presence of low mole fractions of tubulin S leads to a marked reduction in the critical concentration for polymerization of the mixture. PMID- 3894368 TI - Localization of sites of photoaffinity labeling of the large subunit of Escherichia coli ribosomes by arylazide derivative of puromycin. AB - Previous work (Nicholson, A. W., Hall, C. C., Strycharz, W. A., and Cooperman, B. S. (1982) Biochemistry 21, 3797-3808) showed that [3H]p-azidopuromycin photoaffinity labeled 70 S Escherichia coli ribosomes and that photoincorporation into 50 S subunit proteins was in the order L23 greater than L18/22 greater than L15. In the present work we report on immunoelectron microscopic studies of the complexes formed by p-azidopuromycin-modified 50 S subunits with antibodies to the N6,N6-dimethyladenosine moiety of the antibiotic. The p-azidopuromycin modified 50 S subunits appear to be identical to unmodified control subunits in electron micrographs. Complexes of modified subunits with antibodies to the N6,N6 dimethyladenosine moiety of p-azidopuromycin were visualized in micrographs. Individual subunits with a single bound antibody (monomeric complexes) and pairs of subunits cross-linked by a single antibody (dimeric complexes) were separately evaluated and showed similar results. Two regions of p-azidopuromycin photoincorporation were identified. The primary site, seen in about 75% of the complexes, is between the central protuberance and small projection, on the side away from the L7/L12 arm, in a region thought to contain the peptidyltransferase center. The secondary site, of unknown significance, is at the base of the subunit maximally distant from the arm. These placements are essentially identical to those we observed in analyses of puromycin photoincorporation (Olson, H. M., Grant, P. G., Cooperman, B. S., and Glitz, D. G. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 2649-2656) and quantitatively similar to evaluations of monomeric puromycin-50 S subunit complexes. The data support the placement of proteins L23, L18/22, and L15 at or near the peptidyltransferase center at the primary site and suggest, in addition, that the secondary site includes a genuine area of puromycin affinity. PMID- 3894369 TI - Growth-plate-chondrocyte profiles and their orientation. AB - We studied the proximal tibial physes of mice, seven, fifteen, twenty-two, and twenty-eight days old, to define in mathematical terms the changes in cell profile and profile orientation among growth-plate zones and to determine if cell profile and profile orientation change with changes in the rate of growth. Using electron microscopy, we identified five growth-plate zones: the reserve zone, the upper proliferative zone, the lower proliferative zone, the upper hypertrophic zone, and the lower hypertrophic zone. In transverse sections, cell profiles did not change among growth-plate zones and the degree of cell-profile orientation approached zero in all zones. In longitudinal sections, cell profiles and profile orientations differed significantly among zones. Cell profiles in the upper and lower proliferative zones were eccentric and highly oriented. They became more rounded and the degree of cell orientation decreased between the proliferative and hypertrophic zones. As the rate of longitudinal bone growth decreased, cell profiles and cell-profile orientation changed. The cell profiles in the reserve zone became flatter and in the other zones the cell profiles became more rounded. The degree of cell-profile orientation decreased quadratically in the upper and lower proliferative zones, decreased linearly in the reserve and upper hypertrophic zones, and remained unchanged in the lower hypertrophic zone. PMID- 3894370 TI - Free vascularized osteocutaneous transplants from the groin for delayed primary closure in the management of loss of soft-tissue and bone in the hand and wrist. Report of two cases. PMID- 3894371 TI - Examination of the excluded distal stomach after gastric bypass for obesity. AB - We describe a method of examination of the excluded distal stomach after gastric bypass for obesity using Chiba needle puncture of the distal stomach and water soluble contrast injection. PMID- 3894372 TI - Unusual position of the spleen--a report of two patients. AB - An unusual position of the spleen may cause diagnostic difficulties and may mimic disease. We report two patients with an unusual position of the spleen. In one, congenital absence of the lieno-renal ligament allowed unusual mobility of a bilobed spleen with intermittent torsion. In the other the spleen descended into the left renal fossa following left adrenalectomy and nephrectomy. PMID- 3894373 TI - Computed tomography and the lung: review of anatomic and densitometric features with their clinical application. AB - The lung scan findings in 22 normal patients (9 men, 13 women; mean age 39.3 years) obtained using a GE CT/T 8800 scanner have been analyzed. Central arteries and veins can be distinguished on the unenhanced scan by following their course from the hilum on sequential scans, by identifying their relationship to bronchi, or by their vertical or horizontal orientation in the upper and lower lobes. However, arteries cannot be distinguished from veins in the lung periphery. The center of the lung (medulla) harbors "trunk" arteries, veins, bronchi and an alveolar meshwork while the periphery (cortex) is characterized by small vessels (1-3 mm) perpendicularly oriented to the pleural surface. Attenuation densities from the right lung at the aortic arch, carina and above the right hemidiaphragm were obtained followed by systematic analysis of various parameters including the mean anterior and posterior cortical and medullary attenuation density, anterior and posterior mean lung density, total mean lung density for each slice and the entire right lung, and the anteroposterior gradients. Different attenuation densities and gradients will be obtained using other models of scanners. The evidence suggests that the medulla is a "reservoir" zone, capable of accommodating increased blood flow under appropriate conditions. Clinical application of these parameters to the diagnosis of diffuse lung disease is illustrated. PMID- 3894374 TI - Use of cultured human tissues and cells in carcinogenesis research. AB - A variety of approaches are used to study carcinogenesis. Recent advances in techniques for culture of human tissues and cells have provided additional experimental systems of study the process of carcinogenesis and the genetics of cancer. PMID- 3894376 TI - Intermediate filaments and the initiation of desmosome assembly. AB - The desmosome junction is an important component in the cohesion of epithelial cells, especially epidermal keratinocytes. To gain insight into the structure and function of desmosomes, their morphogenesis has been studied in a primary mouse epidermal (PME) cell culture system. When these cells are grown in approximately 0.1 mM Ca2+, they contain no desmosomes. They are induced to form desmosomes when the Ca2+ level in the culture medium is raised to approximately 1.2 mM Ca2+. PME cells in medium containing low levels of Ca2+, and then processed for indirect immunofluorescence using antibodies directed against desmoplakins (desmosomal plaque proteins), display a pattern of discrete fluorescent spots concentrated mainly in the perinuclear region. Double label immunofluorescence using keratin and desmoplakin antibodies reveals that the desmoplakin-containing spots and the cytoplasmic network of tonofibrils (bundles of intermediate filaments [IFB]) are in the same juxtanuclear region. Within 1 h after the switch to higher levels of Ca2+, the spots move toward the cell surface, primarily to areas of cell-cell contact and not to free cell surfaces. This reorganization occurs at the same time that tonofibrils also move toward cell surfaces in contact with neighboring cells. Once the desmoplakin spots have reached the cell surface, they appear to aggregate to form desmosomes. These immunofluorescence observations have been confirmed by immunogold ultrastructural localization. Preliminary biochemical and immunological studies indicate that desmoplakin appears in whole cell protein extracts and in Triton high salt insoluble residues (i.e., cytoskeletal preparations consisting primarily of IFB) prepared from PME cells maintained in medium containing both low and normal Ca2+ levels. These findings show that certain desmosome components are preformed in the cytoplasm of PME cells. These components undergo a dramatic reorganization, which parallels the changes in IFB redistribution, upon induction of desmosome formation. The reorganization depends upon both the extracellular Ca2+ level and the establishment of cell-to-cell contacts. Furthermore, the data suggests that desmosomes do not act as organizing centers for the elaboration of IFB. Indeed, we postulate that the movement of IFB and preformed desmosomal components to the cell surface is an important initiating event in desmosome morphogenesis. PMID- 3894375 TI - Intermediate filaments in non-neuronal cells of invertebrates: isolation and biochemical characterization of intermediate filaments from the esophageal epithelium of the mollusc Helix pomatia. AB - To screen invertebrate tissues for the possible expression of intermediate filaments (IFs), immunofluorescence microscopy with the monoclonal antibody anti IFA known to detect all mammalian IF proteins was used (Pruss, R. M., R. Mirsky, M. C. Raff, R. Thorpe, A. J. Dowding, and B. H. Anderton. 1981. Cell, 27:419 428). In a limited survey, the lower chordate Branchiostoma as well as the invertebrates Arenicola, Lumbricus, Ascaris, and Helix pomatia revealed a positive reaction primarily on epithelia and on nerves, whereas certain other invertebrates appeared negative. To assess the nature of the positive reaction, Helix pomatia was used since a variety of epithelia was strongly stained by anti IFA. Fixation-extraction procedures were developed that preserve in electron micrographs of esophagus impressive arrays of IFs as tonofilament bundles. Fractionation procedures performed on single cell preparations document large meshworks of long and curvilinear IF by negative stain. These structures can be purified. One- and two-dimensional gels show three components, all of which are recognized by anti-IFA in immunoblotting: 66 kD/pl 6.35, 53 kD/pl 6.05, and 52 kD/pl 5.95. The molar ratio between the larger and more basic polypeptide and the sum of the two more acidic forms is close to 1. After solubilization in 8.5 M urea, in vitro filament reconstitution is induced when urea is removed by dialysis against 2-50 mM Tris buffer at pH 7.8. The reconstituted filaments contain all three polypeptides. The results establish firmly the existence of invertebrate IFs outside neurones and demonstrate that the esophagus of Helix pomatia displays IFs which in line with the epithelial morphology of the tissue could be related to keratin IF of vertebrates. PMID- 3894377 TI - Identification of molecular components of the centrosphere in the mitotic spindle of sea urchin eggs. AB - Monoclonal antibodies were prepared to identify molecular components specific to the mitotic apparatus of sea urchin eggs. The mitotic apparatus or asters induced within unfertilized eggs by taxol treatment were isolated from Strongylocentrotus purpuratus and used for immunization of mice. After fusion with spleen cells, the supernatant of hybridomas were screened in two stages by indirect immunofluorescence staining, first on isolated sea urchin mitotic spindles in 96 well microtiter plates to identify rapidly potential positive hybridomas, and second, on whole mitotic eggs on coverslips to distinguish between spindle specific staining and adventitious contamination. Two hybridomas, SU4 and SU5, secreted antibodies reactive to microtubule-containing structures in eggs during the course of development. They preferentially stained the centrosphere both in isolated mitotic apparatus and in whole metaphase eggs, which was further confirmed by staining the isolated centrospheres with these antibodies. SU4 recognized a major 190-kD polypeptide on immunoblots as well as a species at 180 and 20 kD, whereas hybridoma SU5 stained a species at 50 kD. Thus, these polypeptides may be components of the centrosphere. PMID- 3894378 TI - Increase in actin contents and elongation of apical projections in retinal pigmented epithelial cells during development of the chicken eye. AB - The structural and biochemical changes of cytoskeletal components of retinal pigmented epithelial cells were studied during the development of chicken eyes. When the cytoskeletal components of the pigmented epithelial cells from various stages of development were examined by SDS PAGE, actin contents in the cells markedly increased between the 15-d-old and hatching stages. Immunofluorescence microscopy showed that chicken pigmented epithelial cells have two types of actin bundles. One is the circumferential bundle associated with the zonula adherens region as previously reported (Owaribe, K., and H. Masuda, 1982, J. Cell Biol., 95:310-315). The other is the paracrystalline bundle forming the core of the apical projections. The increase in actin contents after the 15-d-old stage is accompanied by the formation and elongation of core filaments of apical projections in the cells. During this period the apical projections extend into extracellular space among outer and inner segments of photoreceptor cells. Accompanying this change is an elongation of the paracrystalline bundles of actin filaments in the core of the projection. By electron microscopy, the bundles decorated with muscle heavy meromyosin showed unidirectional polarity, and had transverse striations with approximately 12-nm intervals, as determined by optical diffraction of electron micrographs. Since the shape of these bundles was not altered in the presence or absence of Ca2+, they seemed not to have villin like proteins. Unlike the circumferential bundles, the paracrystalline bundles did not contract when exposed to Mg-ATP. These observations indicate that the paracrystalline bundles are structurally and functionally different from the circumferential actin bundles. PMID- 3894379 TI - Co-expression of multiple myosin heavy chain genes, in addition to a tissue specific one, in extraocular musculature. AB - We have investigated the developmental transitions of myosin heavy chain (MHC) gene expression in the rat extraocular musculature (EOM) at the mRNA level using S1-nuclease mapping techniques and at the protein level by polypeptide mapping and immunochemistry. We have isolated a genomic clone, designated lambda 10B3, corresponding to an MHC gene which is expressed in the EOM fibers (recti and oblique muscles) of the adult rat but not in hind limb muscles. Using cDNA and genomic probes for MHC genes expressed in skeletal (embryonic, neonatal, fast oxidative, fast glycolytic, and slow/cardiac beta-MHC), cardiac (alpha-MHC), and EOM (lambda 10B3) muscles, we demonstrate the concomitant expression at the mRNA level of at least six different MHC genes in adult EOM. Protein and immunochemical analyses confirm the presence of at least four different MHC types in EOM. Immunocytochemistry demonstrates that different myosin isozymes tend to segregate into individual myofibers, although some fibers seem to contain more than one MHC type. The results also show that the EOM fibers exhibit multiple patterns of MHC gene regulation. One set of fibers undergoes a sequence of isoform transitions similar to the one described for limb skeletal muscles, whereas other EOM myofiber populations arrest the MHC transition at the embryonic, neonatal/adult, or adult EOM-specific stage. Thus, the MHC gene family is not under the control of a strict developmental clock, but the individual genes can modify their expression by tissue-specific and/or environmental factors. PMID- 3894381 TI - Regulation of a ribonucleoside reductase during the early generative phase in Acetabularia. AB - The activity of a ribonucleoside reductase was estimated during the life cycle of Acetabularia. During the early generative phase the enzyme activity was dramatically increased. Regulation of the ribonucleoside reductase was observed even in the absence of the nucleus. The increase in activity was inhibited by chloramphenicol but not by cycloheximide. These results indicate that the enzyme is translated on 70 S ribosomes. PMID- 3894380 TI - The Golgi apparatus remains associated with microtubule organizing centers during myogenesis. AB - In vitro myogenesis involves a dramatic reorganization of the microtubular network, characterized principally by the relocalization of microtubule nucleating sites at the surface of the nuclei in myotubes, in marked contrast with the classical pericentriolar localization observed in myoblasts (Tassin, A. M., B. Maro, and M. Bornens, 1985, J. Cell Biol., 100:35-46). Since a spatial relationship between the Golgi apparatus and the centrosome is observed in most animal cells, we have decided to follow the fate of the Golgi apparatus during myogenesis by an immunocytochemical approach, using wheat germ agglutinin and an affinity-purified anti-galactosyltransferase. We show that Golgi apparatus in myotubes displays a perinuclear distribution which is strikingly different from the polarized juxtanuclear organization observed in myoblasts. As a result, the Golgi apparatus in myotubes is situated close to the microtubule organizing center (MTOC), the cis-side being situated at a fixed distance from the nuclear envelope, a situation which suggests the existence of a structural association between the Golgi apparatus and the nuclear periphery. This is supported by experiments of microtubule depolymerization by nocodazole, in which a minimal effect was observed on Golgi apparatus localization in myotubes in contrast with the dramatic scattering observed in myoblasts. In both cell types, electron microscopy reveals that microtubule disruption generates individual dictyosomes; this suggests that the connecting structures between dictyosomes are principally affected. This structural dependency of the Golgi apparatus upon microtubules is not apparently accompanied by a reverse dependency of MTOC structure or function upon Golgi apparatus activity. Golgi apparatus modification by monensin, as effective in myotubes as in myoblasts, is without apparent effect on MTOC localization or activity and on microtubule stability. The main result of our study is to show that in a cell type where the MTOC is dissociated from centrioles and where antero-posterior polarity has disappeared, the association between the Golgi apparatus and the MTOC is maintained. The significance of such a tight association is discussed. PMID- 3894382 TI - Immunolocalization of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP) in human cells. Characterization and use of a specific antiserum. AB - A specific antiserum to pure human amniotic fluid metalloproteinase inhibitor (TIMP) was raised in a sheep. This antiserum was used to demonstrate: firstly, the immunological identity of the TIMP activities from amniotic fluid and culture medium of human foetal lung fibroblasts; and secondly, by indirect immunofluorescence, the secretion of TIMP by human foetal lung fibroblasts, chondrocytes, epithelial cells and smooth muscle cells. The phorbol ester, 12-O tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, was used to stimulate secretion of TIMP by human foetal lung fibroblasts and the ionophore monensin was used to demonstrate intracellular accumulation of TIMP in the Golgi apparatus of these cells. These results are discussed in relation to other inhibitors of collagenase reported in the literature, which are probably identical to TIMP. PMID- 3894383 TI - Extracellular matrix modulation of endothelial cell shape and motility following injury in vitro. AB - We utilized fluorescence microscopy and affinity-purified antibodies to probe the form and function of cytoplasmic actin in endothelial cells (EC) recovering from injury and grown on extracellular matrices in vitro. Bovine aortic EC were seeded onto glass microscope coverslips that had been coated with either BSA, fibronectin, type I and III (interstitial) collagens, type IV (basement membrane) collagen or gelatin. After EC that had been grown on glass, glass-BSA or extracellular matrix-coated coverslips reached confluence, a 300-400 micron zone of cells was mechanically removed to stimulate EC migration and proliferation. Post-injury EC movements were monitored with time-lapse, phase-contrast videomicrography before fixation for actin localization with fluorescence microscopy using affinity-purified antibodies. We found that the number of stress fibres within EC was inversely proportional to the rate of movement; and, the rates of movement for EC grown on glass or glass-BSA were approximately eight times faster than EC grown on gelatin or type IV collagen (X velocity = 0.5 micron/min versus 0.06 micron/min). EC movements on fibronectin and interstitial collagens were similar (X velocity = 0.2 micron/min). These results suggest that extracellular matrix molecules modulate EC stress fibre expression, thereby producing alterations in the cytoskeleton and the resultant EC movements that follow injury in vitro. Moreover, the induction of stress fibres in the presence of basement membrane (type IV) collagen may explain the failure of aortic EC to migrate and repopulate wounded regions of intima during atherogenesis in vivo. PMID- 3894384 TI - Three-dimensional behaviour of mitochondria during cell division and germ tube formation in the dimorphic yeast Candida albicans. AB - This study was done to correlate mitochondrial behaviour with nuclear behaviour and cell division as well as with the germ tube formation in the dimorphic yeast Candida albicans. Three-dimensional reconstruction of electron micrographs of serially sectioned cells of the three strains was used to determined the morphological and quantitative relationships between the structures. The results suggested that at the time of entry into the bud a few mitochondria fused into a single giant one, which fragmented during mitosis and resumed a single giant form before cytokinesis, and was then partitioned into two parts. This tendency was also shown during germ tube formation. Quantitative analysis has established that growth of organelles such as the nucleus and mitochondria closely followed total cell growth, the ratio of organelle volume to total cell volume being held relatively constant. PMID- 3894385 TI - An antigen of Plasmodium yoelii that translocates into the mouse erythrocyte membrane upon entry into the host cell. AB - Monoclonal antibodies against the rodent malaria parasite, Plasmodium yoelii, have been prepared and characterized by indirect immunofluorescence on acetone fixed infected mouse erythrocytes. The antibody of clone K2 reacted strongly with late trophozoites and schizonts, whereas it did so weakly and diffusely with ring forms and early trophozoites. Strong fluorescence was confined to granular structures in schizonts and merozoites. Parasites that invaded erythrocytes in vitro lost the strong fluorescence. Instead, immunofluorescence appeared in the membranes of erythrocytes infected in vitro with merozoites. Erythrocytes infected with more than one merozoite had intensified immunofluorescence in their membranes. Staining of the invaded erythrocytes with 4',6-diamidino-2 phenylindole (DAPI) hydrochloride demonstrated that membranes of all the invaded erythrocytes acquired the P. yoelii antigen. These results suggest that the P. yoelii antigen in merozoites is translocated into erythrocyte membranes upon entry into the host cell. Immunofluorescence continued to appear in membranes of infected erythrocytes throughout the intra-erythrocytic parasite growth. Staining of unfixed infected erythrocytes with the K2 antibody failed to detect the parasite antigen. In contrast, immunofluorescence was present in unfixed membranes of erythrocyte ghosts, which had been spontaneously formed after rupture of schizont-infected erythrocytes by merozoite release. No immunofluorescence appeared in either acetone-fixed or unfixed ghosts of normal erythrocytes. These results suggest the antigenic determinant of the P. yoelii antigen is exposed at the cytoplasmic surface of the infected erythrocyte membrane. Immunoprecipitation has revealed that the K2 antibody recognizes a 160 X 10(3) Mr P. yoelii antigen. PMID- 3894386 TI - Antigenic heterogeneity of breast cell lines detected by monoclonal antibodies and its relationship with the cell cycle. AB - Established cell lines were stained by immunofluorescence with four monoclonal antibodies to study the phenomenon of antigenic heterogeneity and its possible relation to the cell cycle. Five cell lines thought to be of breast origin, MCF 7, ZR-75-1, T47D, MDA-MB-231 and HBL-100, were stained with three monoclonal antibodies (LICR-LON-M8, LICR-LON-M18, LICR-LON-M24) that each stain a distinct subset of normal breast epithelial cells, i.e. demonstrate antigenic heterogeneity in normal breast epithelial cells. Contrasting monoclonal antibodies LICR-LON-FIB75 and LICR-LON-FIB86 to homogeneously expressed antigens were also used. For the antibodies demonstrating heterogeneity distinct positive and negative fractions were not seen by flow cytometry; the intensity of fluorescence varied continuously from background to a hundred times stronger than background. Fluorescent DNA staining showed no obvious relation between antigen expression and the cell cycle. The essentially constant proportion of cells of a given antigenic phenotype in the various phases suggests that these antibodies do not distinguish a phenotype associated with a distinct proliferating population of cells. PMID- 3894387 TI - Selective association of an endogenous lectin with connective tissues. AB - Using indirect immunofluorescence we have localized an endogenous beta galactoside-specific lectin in resin-embedded rabbit tissue sections. The pattern of lectin distribution correlates well with biochemical estimations of lectin levels, being abundant in intestine, lung and heart tissue and relatively less abundant in skeletal muscle, liver and kidney. In all tissues lectin is found in connective tissue associated with fibroblasts and the extracellular matrix, and at the periphery of morphologically recognizable smooth muscle cells. The lectin is abundant in skin, intestine and blood vessels, where connective tissue forms the tissue architecture. It is also abundant in heart, where it is particularly associated with the capillaries and lung, where it is also found in alveolar cells. Discrete localization of lectin occurs in areas of connective tissue where epithelial elements are differentiating, such as the crypts of Lieberkuhns in the small intestine and hair follicles in the skin. From these observations we suggest that in cells of mesenchymal origin these endogenous lectins may play a role in the elaboration or organization of the extracellular matrix that regulates tissue differentiation in a number of embryonic and adult tissues. PMID- 3894388 TI - Cell-cycle-specific induction of quiescence achieved by limited inhibition of protein synthesis: counteractive effect of addition of purified growth factors. AB - We have previously shown that Swiss 3T3 cells located in the first part of G1 (post-mitotic G1 cells younger than 4.0 h or G1pm cells) were arrested after 9-10 h in the cell cycle by a short (1-8 h) exposure to serum-free medium or by a short (2-4 h) exposure to low doses of the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide (CH). Kinetic data indicate that such G1pm cells rapidly return to G0 during this brief treatment and thereafter require a preparatory period of 8 h before continuing to G1. Cells older than 4 h, i.e. cells in mid or late G1 are already committed to DNA synthesis (presynthesis or G1ps cells). These cells as well as S and G2 cells were consequently unaffected by the brief serum starvation or the brief treatment with cycloheximide. In the present paper we show that the 10-h intermitotic delay that follows a 1-2 h exposure to serum-free medium can be completely counteracted by the presence of any one of the purified growth factors, epidermal growth factor (EGF), insulin or platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). In contrast, the intermitotic delay following a longer exposure (8 h) to serum-free medium could no longer be counteracted by EGF or insulin. However, PDGF was still active in this respect. Most interestingly, the 12 h gross intermitotic delay induced by a 4h exposure to CH could be efficiently counteracted by EGF, PDGF or insulin. However, this effect on CH-treated cells could be counteracted by the growth factor only in the presence of 10% serum. This indicates the existence of a cooperative effect between PDGF, EGF or insulin and an unidentified serum factor. The effects on the cell cycle time of brief serum starvation and exposure to CH were compared with the effects on rate of protein synthesis and degradation. Although the effects of serum starvation on protein synthesis and degradation were found to be partially normalized by growth factors, we suggest that growth factors prevent cells from leaving the cell cycle by another mechanism and not merely by affecting the level of overall protein accumulation. PMID- 3894389 TI - Isolation and characterization of macronuclei of Paramecium caudatum infected with the macronucleus-specific bacterium Holospora obtusa. AB - Macronuclei from Paramecium caudatum infected with Holospora obtusa may be isolated on sucrose step gradients. Macronuclei containing primarily infectious forms can be separated from those bearing predominantly reproductive forms. RNA polymerase activity in infected macronuclei is greater by a factor of 5 than that in uninfected macronuclei. Proteinase activity is also significantly higher. PMID- 3894390 TI - Cytoskeletal reorganization and plasma membrane fusion in conjugating Tetrahymena. AB - The conjugation junction of Tetrahymena is the specialized site where plasma membrane fusion occurs between two cells of complementary mating types. The junction is constructed through a series of cooperative interactions and morphogenetic steps. A contact-mediated interaction between free-swimming, sexually mature and mating-competent cells of two complementary mating types induces a morphological transformation of the anterior tips. Cells then join in pairs aligned by the apposition of their modified tips. Thin sections show that the plasma membranes of the tips are separated by approximately 500 A of extracellular space, in which some strands of matrix material can be identified. The cytoplasmic face of the membrane is in contact with a junction-specific thick layer of electron-dense material. At hundreds of independent sites in this junction plasma membranes fuse in a limited manner, thereby establishing hundreds of separate membrane-ensheathed cytoplasmic channels that connect the two cells. At the same locations the thick submembrane layer is interrupted. Consequently, the junction appears to be a structure that is perforated with hundreds of pores. This study poses the question of whether the junction's submembrane layer is, or includes, a skeletal element. Cells were extracted with the non-ionic detergent Triton X-100 under conditions that yield cytoskeletal frameworks (CFs) that maintain the morphological integrity of the cells. The CFs include chromatin and also cortical structures such as microtubule bands, basal bodies, ciliary axonemes, kinetodesmal fibres and fibrillar epiplasm. CFs of conjugant pairs are also paired, indicating that the junction contains a skeletal element that is responsible for integrating the individual CFs into a higher-order complex. At the ultrastructural level the skeletal structure of the junction includes membrane lamina and a submembrane scaffold, residues of the plasma membrane and thick submembrane layer, respectively, both of which are interrupted at the pores. However, the two separate scaffolds are joined at the rims of the pores. This provides a means by which the separate CFs become integrated. On the basis of images of junctional CFs, which show interruptions of the scaffold without concomitant membrane fusion, but where laminae are pressed close together, a specific model of membrane fusion is proposed. According to this model, the submembrane skeletal scaffold regulates membrane fusion by limiting its occurrence, and the extent of its occurrence. PMID- 3894391 TI - Enzymic ribonucleoside reduction at the non-phosphorylated level in Acetabularia. AB - The occurrence of an enzyme that catalyses the conversion of cytidine into deoxycytidine was demonstrated in homogenates of Acetabularia. Cytidine was identified as the substrate by comparing cytidine, cytidine 5'-monophosphate, cytidine 5'-diphosphate and cytidine 5'-triphosphate as potential substrates. Experiments with ATP analogues whose inhibitory effect on kinase reactions is well established, supplied evidence that the nucleoside is reduced without a phosphorylation step before the reduction. Further evidence in this line came from incubations with cytidine in the presence of phosphatase and from trap-type experiments in which the effects of excess non-labelled cytidine 5'-phosphate and deoxycytidine, respectively, on the formation of deoxycytidine phosphates from cytidine were studied. PMID- 3894392 TI - [Hepatic biopsy by posterior extraperitoneal puncture. Statistics of 1000 cases]. AB - The authors report an analysis of 1000 hepatic biopsies performed with an original method with posterior extraperitoneal approach. This method let the biopsy execution also in the patients in which the hepatic biopsy with lateral approach was contraindicated (31%). An adequate sample for histologic examination was obtained in 98,3% of cases. An important element of safe is now considered the ultrasound guide. The incidence of greater complications has been modest (7 arterious-venous fistulas, 1 retroperitoneal hematoma, 1 cardiac arrest by probable vagal inhibitory reflex). PMID- 3894393 TI - [Assessment of 7 years of automatic suturing in pulmonary surgery]. AB - In 738 patients, the stapler-suturing methods were used in 2 main areas of concern: closure of the major hilar broncho-vascular structures (for smaller pulmonary vessels, we use absorbable ligating clips: Absolok from Ethicon and Polysurgiclip from USSC), suture of the lung parenchyma. Regarding pedicular sutures, our rate of bronchial fistula is 1,0% (or 4,4% if only pneumonectomies are taken into account: 1,4 on the left and 7,7 on the right). These rates are compared with those gathered from the literature, with emphasis on the right main bronchus. Regarding parenchymal sutures, we place TA and GIA on collapsed parenchyma for achieving a wide range of either intralobar or translobar procedures. We lay emphasis on: the conventional segmentectomies with stapling of the intersegmental surface, and the newer and more economical "non reglees" transsegmental resections in which the surgeon is anymore limited by segmental frontiers. The control of blood and air leakage from the cut surface is quite satisfactory, reducing significanthy the postoperative morbidity. For both major pedicular structures and fragile lung parenchyma, the stapler-suturing methods are very reliable and provide a quicker, simpler, safer, easier and more economical surgery in lung resections. PMID- 3894394 TI - Jack Tizard memorial lecture. Delinquency, environment and intervention. AB - Twenty years of Home Office research into delinquency prevention support Jack Tizard's belief that greater improvements in performance and behaviour are likely to attend efforts to change environments rather than inner dispositions. Situational measures which reduce opportunities for crime seem more effective than attempts to reform delinquents. Moreover, given that most delinquents desist from crime in early adulthood, minimal interference in their lives may be the best policy. For those requiring institutional placement, humane care rather than reform should be the goal. PMID- 3894395 TI - Behavioral treatment approaches to pathological unsocialized physical aggression in young children. AB - This paper presents some hypotheses regarding the motivation of pathological unsocialized physical aggression in children and also reviews behavioral treatment. Tentative leads were offered as to extrinsic and intrinsic determinants. Among the most promising of these were parent-child interactive and attributive factors, and deficits in information processing in social situations. It was hypothesized that some of these factors might not be specific to pathological unsocialized physical aggression but are characteristic of children with behavior problems. Under this hypothesis, few studies were found which employed appropriate control groups. It was also hypothesized that the study of extrinsic and intrinsic factors for pathological unsocialized physical aggression may improve the design of treatment programs. PMID- 3894396 TI - A double-blind drug trial of treatment in young children with waking problems. AB - A double-blind trial using trimeprazine tartrate was carried out in 22 children with severe waking problems. On parental verbal reports sleep was significantly improved on the drug compared with the original baseline and the placebo, but diaries kept by the parents showed that this improvement was clinically only moderate, with many wakeful nights still occurring. Taking the drug produced no permanent effect on sleep patterns and a follow-up of 14 children 6 months later showed persisting sleep problems in the majority. PMID- 3894397 TI - Purification of an acid protease and a serine carboxypeptidase from Aspergillus niger using metal-chelate affinity chromatography. PMID- 3894398 TI - Determination of captopril and its mixed disulphides in plasma and urine by high performance liquid chromatography. AB - A high-performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed which enables sensitive determination of captopril and its mixed disulphides in plasma and urine after oral administration of a new antihypertensive agent, 1-(D-3 acetylthio-2-methylpropanoyl)-L-prolyl-L-phenylalanine (DU-1219, I). Captopril is derivatized with a new reagent, N-(4-benzoylphenyl)maleimide and the derivative is extracted with chloroform and assayed using a liquid chromatograph equipped with an ultraviolet detector at 254 nm. Mixed disulphides of captopril with thiol compounds such as cysteine, glutathione and plasma proteins are reduced with tributylphosphine to form captopril, followed by derivatization with N-(4 benzoylphenyl)maleimide. Accurate determinations are possible over a concentration range of 10-500 ng/ml captopril in plasma, and 100-2500 ng/ml captopril in urine. The coefficients of variation of captopril in plasma (200 ng/ml) and urine (500 ng/ml) are 3.7% and 2.6%, respectively, and those of mixed disulphides of captopril are similar to those of captopril. Plasma levels and urinary excretion of captopril and its mixed disulphides in healthy volunteers following single oral administration of I (50 mg) have also been determined. PMID- 3894399 TI - Drug level monitoring: sedative hypnotics. AB - Barbiturates and other traditional non-barbiturate sedative hypnotics are still extensively prescribed for the treatment of insomnia. There are a number of situations where identification or quantitative determination of these agents in biological fluids is required. Gas-chromatography offers highly sensitive and specific procedures for the determination of these compounds. The use of a nitrogen-specific detector allows a relatively simple sample preparation for sensitive detection and the use of capillary columns with bonded liquid phase allows separation of barbiturates without derivatization. In recent years liquid chromatography has also been extensively applied to the determination of these compounds. Sensitivity and selectivity of detection of barbiturates have been improved with the use of an alkaline mobile phase. Immunoassays for the determination of therapeutic concentrations of phenobarbital are very popular as the assays can be rapidly performed automatically. Use of these techniques has been extended for emergency detection of barbiturate overdose and for monitoring high-dose pentobarbital therapy. PMID- 3894400 TI - Analysis of tricyclic antidepressant drugs in plasma and serum by chromatographic techniques. AB - A review of methods for the determination of tricyclic antidepressants in plasma or serum, based on the application of chromatographic techniques, is presented. A general discussion of the techniques in terms of their precision, accuracy, sensitivity and selectivity, with respect to parent drug and metabolites, is used to facilitate a comparison of methods. No one technique can be claimed as the method of choice for these drugs, although gas-liquid chromatography with nitrogen selective detection has some strong claims, viz. generally good sensitivity and reproducibility of assays and ready availability of equipment in most laboratories. The ultimate choice of a method for determining tricyclics will be determined more by the clinical application (routine monitoring versus pharmacokinetics) than by other factors. PMID- 3894401 TI - Analytical strategies for therapeutic monitoring of drugs in biological fluids. AB - Therapeutic drug monitoring can involve quantitation in either microgram, nanogram or picogram concentrations present in a complex biological matrix (whole blood, urine or tissue). The chemical structure of a compound influences not only the analytical method best suited to its quantitation, but also its acid/base character (pKa) and its extractability. The dose administered, the bioavailability of the dosage form, and the pharmacokinetic profile of the drug govern the circulating concentrations of either the parent drug and/or its metabolites present in vivo, and dictate the ultimate sensitivity and specificity required of the analytical method. The degree of sample preparation required is dependent on the analytical method used (gas--liquid chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography) and on the tolerance of the specific type of detection system to contamination. Factors leading to compound losses during sample preparation (adsorption, stability) are critical at low concentrations and can adversely affect the reliability of an assay, therefore maximizing the overall recovery of the assay is essential not only for high sensitivity but also for good precision and accuracy. Therefore, the criteria to be used in sample preparation should aim to optimize all of the above factors in the overall development of a reliable and validated method for the compound suitable for use in clinical therapeutic monitoring. PMID- 3894402 TI - Antibiotic monitoring in body fluids. AB - Analytical procedures recently described for the quantitative determination of antibiotics in body fluids are reviewed. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and immunoassays appear as an alternative to current microbiological assays. HPLC has been applied to most antibiotics in clinical use and a major part of the review deals with this technique. Attention is given to sample pretreatment, characteristics of chromatography and detection, and limit of sensitivity. Non-isotopic immunoassays have been essentially applied to aminoglycosides and vancomycin and are also reviewed. Advantages and drawbacks of HPLC and immunoassays are presented. PMID- 3894403 TI - Rapid chromatographic determination of cefotaxime and its metabolite in biological fluids. AB - A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for the simultaneous determination of cefotaxime and its metabolite desacetylcefotaxime in plasma and urine was developed. Plasma was deproteinized with small amounts of acetonitrile. After separation of the proteins the supernatant was extracted with a mixture of chloroform and 1-butanol. A phase separation was obtained leaving the cephalosporin and its metabolite in the aqueous part and extracting most of the interfering endogenous material. The aqueous phase was injected directly into the chromatograph. As part of the plasma water was dissolved in the acetonitrile- 1-butanol--chloroform layer, the concentration of the cephalosporin in the aqueous phase was significantly higher than in the original plasma sample. Therefore, the usual diluting effect of the deproteinization could be avoided. In a similar way the assay was applicable to measure cefotaxime and its metabolite in urine. Calibration curves were set up and were linear up to 25 micrograms/ml for desacetylcefotaxime and 250 micrograms/ml for cefotaxime. The assay was applied to study the pharmacokinetics of cefotaxime and its metabolite in a healthy volunteer. In a similar way this deproteinization and extraction method was also applied to assay for ceftazidime, cephalexin, cephazolin and cefoxitin. PMID- 3894404 TI - Direct enzyme immunoassay for detection of specific IgG antibody to rubella virus by use of labelled antigen. AB - A new solid phase enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for detection of rubella-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody was developed. The test uses polystyrene microtiter strips coated with rabbit anti-human IgG immunoglobulins as the solid phase and an enzyme-labelled semipurified rubella antigen as indicator. The direct EIA was compared with hemagglutination inhibition (HI), single radial hemolysis (SRH), radioimmunoassay (RIA) and time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay (TR FIA) using 52 serum specimens from patients with remote rubella infection. The overall agreement of direct EIA with HI was 96.1%, with SRH and RIA 98.1% and with TR-FIA 100%. The linear regression coefficient varied from 0.77 to 0.91, the best being obtained with direct EIA and SRH. The direct EIA was also suitable for diagnosis of acute infections, as a significant increase in antibody levels was detected in all paired specimens tested from patients with acute rubella infection. The sensitivity and were comparable to those of the assays employed. An advantage of the present assay is that the same method and same labelled antigen can be used to test for different classes of antibody using simply a solid phase with capture antibodies of different chain specificity. PMID- 3894405 TI - A bibliography of publications on observer variability. PMID- 3894406 TI - The changing ratio of bioactive to immunoreactive luteinizing hormone (LH) through puberty principally reflects changing LH radioimmunoassay dose-response characteristics. AB - The ratio (B/I) of bioactive to immunoreactive LH in plasma varies during pubertal maturation. To elucidate the basis for these changes, we compared the dose-response characteristics of LH standards to those of plasma LH before and after GnRH infusion in normal males at various pubertal stages and girls with Turner's syndrome. We used a human LH (hLH) RIA modified to optimize specificity for LH bioactivity by employing a hLH tracer maximally bioactive in the rat interstitial cell testosterone production (RICT) bioassay. The pituitary hLH standards LER-907, NHPP I-1, and NHPP I-2 were not parallel to one another in the RIA, but were parallel in the RICT. Their relative slopes in the RIA were 1:1.35:1.49, respectively. The B/I for immunoreactive LH in these standards were 1 (LER-907):3 (I-1):5 (I-2). Dose-response characteristics varied greatly by patient category in the RIA. In contrast to the RICT, in which plasma from all subject groups, except the prepubertal basal group, gave parallel dose-response slopes, the groups differed in the steepness of their plasma LH RIA dose-response curves in the following order: adult post-GnRH congruent to adult basal congruent to pubertal post-GnRH greater than pubertal basal congruent to prepubertal post GnRH congruent to prepubertal basal greater than Turner's syndrome. Prepubertal basal samples most closely resembled LER-907 in dose-response characteristics, while adult samples were most similar to NHPP I-1 and I-2. These characteristics were not related to the absolute LH concentration. Although the RIA dose-response characteristics of plasma LH changed during puberty, the B/I of basal LH did not increase through puberty using the modified hLH RIA, although B/I still rose in GnRH-stimulated samples during puberty. Our data demonstrate that the principal cause of variability in B/I is the changing dose-response characteristics of plasma LH in the RIA. We suggest that the source of this variability is a change in the molecular characteristics of LH in different states of pubertal maturation and gonadal function. The results imply that better ways of assaying LH are needed. PMID- 3894407 TI - High performance liquid chromatography used to distinguish the autoimmune hypoglycemia syndrome from factitious hypoglycemia. AB - Recurrent episodes of spontaneous hypoglycemia developed in a 30-yr-old woman who had received a brief course of insulin therapy 10 yr previously. She denied surreptitious insulin administration, and the autoimmune hypoglycemia syndrome was considered. Her insulin levels could not be reliably measured because of the presence of circulating antiinsulin antibodies, which interfere with standard RIA techniques. Reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic analysis of serum obtained during a hypoglycemic episode revealed a mixture of beef and pork insulins but no human insulin, firmly establishing the diagnosis of factitious hypoglycemia. This case illustrates the value of reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography in characterizing patients in whom the autoimmune hypoglycemia syndrome is suspected. PMID- 3894408 TI - [Reminiscence on my studies in hygiene and public health]. PMID- 3894409 TI - [Characterization of intestinal maltase in adult and suckling rats]. PMID- 3894410 TI - [Growth responses of Vibrio cholerae biotype eltor and Escherichia coli under the presence of bile acid and antibiotics]. PMID- 3894411 TI - Second serogroup of Legionella feeleii strains isolated from humans. AB - Three strains of Legionella feeleii from patients with pneumonia (425-MI-H, 691 WI-H, and 693-WI-H) and one environmental strain (713-MI-E) received at the Centers for Disease Control for reference diagnostic testing were compared with the type strain WO-44C-C3 (ATCC 35072) by DNA hybridization, chemical analysis of cellular fatty acids and ubiquinones, biochemical tests, and serological characteristics. All four isolates were assigned to the L. feeleii species on the basis of DNA hybridization results. However, strains 691-WI-H and 693-WI-H were serologically distinct from strain WO-44C-C3, as shown by their minimal reactivity (1 to 2+) with a direct immunofluorescence conjugate prepared against L. feeleii serogroup 1 (strain WO-44C-C3). Therefore, strains 691-WI-H and 693-WI H were placed in a new L. feeleii serogroup (serogroup 2). The reference strain of L. feeleii serogroup 2 is 691-WI-H (ATCC 35849). PMID- 3894412 TI - Comparison of the PRAS II, AN-Ident, and RapID-ANA systems for identification of anaerobic bacteria. AB - Two rapid systems for the identification of anaerobes were compared to a conventional growth system aided by a computer. The rapid systems (AN-Ident and RapID-ANA) are non-growth-dependent micromethods that identify anaerobes in 4 h by the action of various constitutive enzymes on chromogenic substrates. The organisms tested were 98 anaerobes, most of which were clinical isolates. The AN Ident system identified 76 of these to species level and 86 to genus level; the RapID-ANA system correctly identified 74 of the organisms to species level and identified 93 to genus level. The PRAS II system correctly identified 77 to species level and 96 to genus level. In most instances, adequate identification could be obtained with either of the two rapid systems, but the conventional PRAS II system remains the most accurate. PMID- 3894413 TI - Rheumatoid factor in syphilis. AB - Immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies directed against IgG antibodies (rheumatoid factor [RF]) are known to occur often in patients with syphilis and to interfere with serological tests measuring specific antibodies of the IgM class. In this study we examined the occurrence and specificity of the RF and demonstrated a simple method to detect and eliminate the RF for a specific Treponema pallidum IgM enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We measured the occurrence of the RF with a sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and found that it increased with the duration of syphilitic disease: 1 of 13 primary syphilis serum specimens, 3 of 13 secondary syphilis serum specimens, and 10 of 27 latent syphilis serum specimens were reactive in this RF test. Those sera containing IgM RF were immunoprecipitated with anti-human gamma chain antibodies and 2% polyethylene glycol until the RF was removed. One serum specimen from a patient in the secondary stage of syphilis and eight serum specimens from patients with latent disease still presented the RF after immunoprecipitation. Removal of the IgG antibodies also improved the sensitivity of the treponemal IgM test, indicating competition of these antibodies for binding sites of the antigen. The enzyme linked immunosorbent assays for detection of RF and antitreponemal IgM antibodies are performed on the same plate. Theoretically, only sera positive for both tests have to be immunoprecipitated. But our findings indicated an increase in sensitivity of the IgM enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay after removal of IgG antibodies responsible for competition at the binding sites. PMID- 3894414 TI - Immunohistochemical localization of La nuclear antigen in brain. Selective concentration of the La protein in neuronal nucleoli. AB - We analyzed the subcellular distribution of La antigen in brain tissue using 5 La antisera regarded as monospecific on the basis of immunofluorescence, counterimmunoelectrophoresis and Western blot studies. Staining patterns of these sera on human, rat and guinea pig brain were assessed by indirect immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase methods. There was an intense staining of the nucleolus in most neurons exposed to the La antisera in guinea pig brain. Human cerebral cortical neurons as well as a subset of neurons of rat brain also showed nucleolar staining with the La antisera. This staining could be inhibited by preincubation of La antisera with immunopurified La protein. One- and two dimensional analysis of the La antigen from soluble and nuclear extracts suggested that the soluble and nucleolar La antigens are the same protein. The concentration of La in the nucleolus may be related to the proposed processing activity of this protein for the RNA polymerase III transcript, 5S RNA. PMID- 3894415 TI - Relationship of spine deformity and pelvic obliquity on sitting pressure distributions and decubitus ulceration. AB - The distribution of pressure points in 16 patients with paraplegia, nine with ulcers, and six who were ulcer free were compared with the distribution in 15 normal individuals using an instrument capable of simultaneously measuring multiple pressure points under the buttocks and thighs. The nine patients with ischial and sacral decubiti showed redistribution of their sitting pressures posteriorly, asymmetrical loading of the ischiae, and higher than normal pressures under the sacrococcygeum. These abnormal pressures were associated with unbalanced scoliosis, pelvic obliquity, and the loss of physiological lordosis following a spinal fusion. We defined four criteria of risk for decubitus ulceration. PMID- 3894416 TI - Increased insulin sensitivity and responsiveness of glucose metabolism in adipocytes from female versus male rats. AB - This study was undertaken to examine whether there were sex-associated differences in the action of insulin on glucose metabolism in adipocytes. Insulin binding and the dose-response curves for glucose transport (assessed by measuring the cell-associated radioactivity after 15-s incubation with 50 microM [6 14C]glucose) and [U-14C]glucose (5 mM) metabolism into CO2 and lipids were compared in retroperitoneal adipocytes from age-matched (84 d) male and female rats. In addition, the activity of fatty acid synthetase, one of the key lipogenic enzymes, was determined. Fat cell size was not significantly larger in females than in males (0.238 vs. 0.209 microgram lipid per cell). At insulin concentrations less than or equal to 1.6 nM, adipocytes from females bound significantly more insulin than did adipocytes from males, due to an increased apparent affinity of the receptors for insulin. Accordingly, the sensitivity of glucose transport to insulin was greater in females than in males: insulin concentration eliciting half-maximal stimulation (ED50) = 0.19 nM vs. 0.41 nM. At maximal insulin stimulation the rates of glucose transport (12 times the basal values) were similar in the two sexes. In contrast, the maximal effect of insulin on glucose conversion to CO2 plus lipids was much greater in the adipocytes from females than males (increment over basal: 472 vs. 249 nmol/10(6) cells per 2 h). Fatty acid synthesis contributed approximately 40% of the incremental difference between the two types of adipocytes, while glyceride-glycerol synthesis contributed less than 10%. The insulin dose-response curves for adipocytes from females were shifted to the left for all the metabolic pathways investigated. The mean ED50 for total glucose metabolism in females was 50% of that in males (0.07 nM vs. 0.15 nM). Marked sex-associated differences in the action of insulin on glucose metabolism were also observed in subcutaneous inguinal adipocytes (increment over basal: 137 and 56 nmol/10(6) cells per 2 h, ED50 = 0.13 nM and 0.30 nM in females and males, respectively). The intracellular capacity to metabolize glucose through the fatty acid synthesis pathway, as assessed by FAS activity, was higher in adipocytes from females than in those from males and was greater in retroperitoneal than in inguinal adipocytes. Furthermore, by plotting the individual data, a highly significant correlation (r = 0.92, P less than 0.001) was found between the absolute effect of insulin on glucose metabolism at maximal stimulation and the fatty acid synthetase activity of the cells. These results indicate that the response of glucose metabolism to insulin in adipocytes from female as compared with male rats is characterized by two main features: (a) an increased sensitivity primarily due to an increase in insulin binding, and (b) an increased responsiveness closely associated with a postreceptor increase in the lipogenic capacity of the cell. These findings might be relevant to the differential disposition of male and female rats to develop fatness. PMID- 3894417 TI - Expression of class II transplantation antigen on vascular smooth muscle cells in human atherosclerosis. AB - A large proportion of the cells of the human atherosclerotic plaque is assumed to be derived from medial smooth muscle cells. In contrast to these, the cells of the plaque have the capacity to accumulate lipid, and they also proliferate at a higher rate than medial cells. It has therefore been suggested that smooth muscle cells undergo a change of phenotype during atherogenesis, but there has been no evidence for such a change on the molecular level. We have now analyzed carotid artery plaques using a battery of antibodies against cell surface and cytoskeletal antigens, and found that most of the cells express the class II transplantation antigen (Ia antigen) HLA-DR. Also, the beta chain of HLA-DR was detected by immunoblotting of plaque extracts with the OKIa1 monoclonal antibody. HLA-DR is normally present on cells of the immune system, but only 60% of the DR positive cells of the plaque reacted with monoclonal antibodies specific for macrophages and lymphocytes. Many of the remaining DR-positive cells contained the muscle-specific intermediate filament protein, desmin. This indicates that smooth muscle cells of atherosclerotic plaques express DR antigen. In contrast, very few DR-positive cells were found in normal human arteries. This suggests that expression of class II antigen is part of a phenotypic change in smooth muscle cells in atherosclerosis. PMID- 3894419 TI - Oxygen-independent intracellular and oxygen-dependent extracellular killing of Escherichia coli S15 by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. AB - Effective killing of bacteria by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) is generally assumed to require intracellular sequestration and, depending on the bacterial species, can be both O2-dependent or O2-independent. Killing of several strains of Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli by rabbit PMN does not require O2 and is apparently due to a granule-associated bactericidal/permeability increasing protein (BPI) present in rabbit and human PMN. In this study we examined the O2 dependence of the killing of E. coli (S15) by human PMN. Ingested and noningested E. coli were separated by centrifugation after incubation with PMN in room air or under N2. In the presence of heat-treated serum approximately 50% of E. coli (10 bacteria/PMN) were taken up by PMN and rapidly (5-15 min) killed both in room air and under N2. The remaining extracellular bacteria (approximately 50%) were killed during 30-60 min of incubation in room air but not under N2. When uptake of E. coli by PMN was increased to approximately 80% by the use of C6-depleted serum (retaining heat-labile opsonins), bacterial survival under N2 was reduced from 54 +/- 7.6% to 13 +/- 5.5%. PMN from a patient with chronic granulomatous disease killed PMN-associated but not extracellular E. coli. BPI was detected, by indirect immunofluorescence, on the surface of PMN associated E. coli within 5 min of incubation of E. coli with PMN both in room air and under N2. In contrast, at no time was BPI detected on the surface of extracellular E. coli, indicating that the non-PMN-associated E. coli had not been previously ingested. Thus, killing of ingested E. coli S15 by human as well as rabbit PMN does not require O2 and appears to be BPI-mediated. However, when ingestion is limited, extracellular bacteria can also be killed but principally by O2-dependent mechanisms. PMID- 3894418 TI - Effects of insulin on peripheral and splanchnic glucose metabolism in noninsulin dependent (type II) diabetes mellitus. AB - The mechanism(s) and site(s) of the insulin resistance were examined in nine normal-weight noninsulin-dependent diabetic (NIDD) subjects. The euglycemic insulin clamp technique (insulin concentration approximately 100 microU/ml) was employed in combination with hepatic and femoral venous catheterization and measurement of endogenous glucose production using infusion of tritiated glucose. Total body glucose metabolism in the NIDD subjects (4.37 +/- 0.45 mg/kg per min) was 38% (P less than 0.01) lower than in controls (7.04 +/- 0.63 mg/kg per min). Quantitatively, the most important site of the insulin resistance was found to be in peripheral tissues. Leg glucose uptake in the diabetic group was reduced by 45% as compared with that in controls (6.0 +/- 0.2 vs. 11.0 +/- 0.1 mg/kg leg wt per min; P less than 0.01). A strong positive correlation was observed between leg and total body glucose uptake (r = 0.70, P less than 0.001). Assuming that muscle is the primary leg tissue responsible for glucose uptake, it could be estimated that 90 and 87% of the infused glucose was disposed of by peripheral tissues in the control and NIDD subjects, respectively. Net splanchnic glucose balance during insulin stimulation was slightly more positive in the control than in the diabetic subjects (0.31 +/- 0.10 vs. 0.05 +/- 0.19 mg/kg per min; P less than 0.07). The difference (0.26 mg/kg per min) in net splanchnic glucose balance in NIDD represented only 10% of the reduction (2.67 mg/kg per min) in total body glucose uptake in the NIDD group and thus contributed very little to the insulin resistance. The results emphasize the importance of the peripheral tissues in the disposal of infused glucose and indicate that muscle is the most important site of the insulin resistance in NIDD. PMID- 3894420 TI - Insulin receptor down-regulation is linked to an insulin-induced postreceptor defect in the glucose transport system in rat adipocytes. AB - We have examined the relationship between insulin-induced receptor downregulation and the induction of a postreceptor defect in the insulin-stimulated glucose transport system in rat adipocytes, and found that downregulation was linked to the expression of the postreceptor defect. When recycling of insulin receptors was inhibited by 20 mM Tris, insulin pretreatment (100 ng/ml) for 4 h at 37 degrees C induced both net loss (65%) of cell-surface receptors and a 63% decrease in maximal insulin responsiveness. In contrast, when cells were treated with insulin alone for 4 h at 37 degrees C so that receptors could recycle, or treated at 16 degrees C with Tris plus insulin to inhibit receptor internalization, neither receptor downregulation nor a postreceptor defect was observed. Induction of the postreceptor defect was specific for insulin under conditions when downregulation would occur, since treatment of cells with Tris and the insulin mimicker spermine did not result in receptor loss or the postreceptor defect. Other experiments revealed that receptor downregulation occurred first without loss of insulin responsiveness, but, once the postreceptor defect appeared, its severity was correlated to the degree of further receptor loss, as a function of insulin dose and exposure time. Tris (20 mM) alone acutely decreased maximally stimulated glucose transport rates slightly (22%), but this effect was rapidly reversible after Tris removal and could not have been directly responsible for the lasting and profound postreceptor defect seen after pretreatment with insulin plus Tris. Taken together, these data suggest that insulin-induced receptor loss is linked to the induction of the postreceptor defect. The postreceptor defect was due to an inability to maximally increase the maximum velocity of glucose transport. Furthermore, the expression of the postreceptor defect depended upon the extent to which the glucose transport system was allowed to deactivate; maintaining the glucose transport system in an activated state prevented its expression. Thus, the mechanism could involve rapid inactivation or sequestration of glucose transporters during deactivation such that they become refractory to the subsequent stimulatory effects of insulin. In conclusion, (a) insulin does not acutely induce a postreceptor defect in the glucose transport system of adipocytes without loss of cell-surface insulin receptors; (b) the defect in stimulated glucose transport has been induced distal to the insulin receptor via a mechanism linked to receptor loss; and (c) the postreceptor lesion is due to decreased number of intrinsic activity of glucose transporters on the cell-surface in the presence of a maximally effective insulin concentration. These data suggest that insulin receptor downregulation and postreceptor defects in insulin action, which frequently co-exist both in vivo and in vitro, may be linked mechanistically. PMID- 3894421 TI - Effect of insulin on the distribution and disposition of glucose in man. AB - Understanding the influence of insulin on glucose turnover is the key to interpreting a great number of metabolic situations. Little is known, however, about insulin's effect on the distribution and exchange of glucose in body pools. We developed a physiological compartmental model to describe the kinetics of plasma glucose in normal man in the basal state and under steady-state conditions of euglycemic hyperinsulinemia. A bolus of [3-3H]glucose was rapidly injected into a peripheral vein in six healthy volunteers, and the time-course of plasma radioactivity was monitored at very short time intervals for 150 min. A 1-mU/min kg insulin clamp was then started, thereby raising plasma insulin levels to a high physiological plateau (approximately 100 microU/ml). After 90 min of stable euglycemic hyperinsulinemia, a second bolus of [3-3H]glucose was given, and plasma radioactivity was again sampled frequently for 90 min more while the clamp was continued. Three exponential components were clearly identified in the plasma disappearance curves of tracer glucose of each subject studied, both before and after insulin. Based on stringent statistical criteria, the data in the basal state were fitted to a three-compartment model. The compartment of initial distribution was identical to the plasma pool (40 +/- 3 mg/kg); the other two compartments had similar size (91 +/- 12 and 96 +/- 9 mg/kg), but the former was in rapid exchange with plasma (at an average rate of 1.09 +/- 0.15 min-1), whereas the latter exchanged 10 times more slowly (0.12 +/- 0.01 min-1). The basal rate of glucose turnover averaged 2.15 +/- 0.12 mg/min kg, and the total distribution volume of glucose in the postabsorptive state was 26 +/- 1% of body weight. In view of current physiological information, it was assumed that the more rapidly exchanging pool represented the insulin-independent tissues of the body, while the slowly exchanging pool was assimilated to the insulin-dependent tissues. Insulin-independent glucose uptake was estimated (from published data) at 75% of basal glucose uptake, and was constrained not to change with euglycemic hyperinsulinemia. When the kinetic data obtained during insulin administration were fitted to this model, neither the size nor the exchange rates of the plasma or the rapid pool were appreciably changed. In contrast, the slow pool was markedly expanded (from 96 +/- 9 to 190 +/- 30 mg/kg, P less than 0.02) at the same time as total glucose disposal rose fourfold above basal (to 7.96 +/- 0.85 mg/min kg, P less than 0.001). Furthermore, a significant direct correlation was found to exist between the change in size of the slow pool and the insulin stimulated rate of total glucose turnover (r=0.92, P<0.01). We conclude that hyperinsulinemia, independent of hyperglycemia, markedly increases the exchangeable mass of glucose in the body, presumably reflecting the accumulation of free, intracellular glucose in insulin-dependent tissues. PMID- 3894423 TI - Influence of a 60-hour fast on insulin-mediated splanchnic and peripheral glucose metabolism in humans. AB - A brief period of starvation (2-3) depletes the hepatic glycogen stores but results in only a limited reduction of the muscle glycogen depots. In this situation insulin resistance contributes to the glucose intolerance, but it is not known which tissue or tissues are responsible for the decreased insulin sensitivity. The present study was therefore undertaken to examine the influence of a 60-h fast on insulin sensitivity in splanchnic and peripheral tissues in normal humans. Euglycemic (95 mg/dl) 1-mU insulin and hyperglycemic (215-225 mg/dl) glucose clamp studies were conducted for 2 h in overnight (12 h) and prolonged (60 h) fasted nonobese subjects. Splanchnic exchange of glucose and gluconeogenic precursors was measured using the hepatic vein catheter technique. During the euglycemic clamp, insulin infusion resulted in similar steady state insulin levels in 60-h and 12-h fasted subjects (73 +/- 7 vs. 74 +/- 5 microU/ml). Total glucose disposal was reduced by 45% after 60 h of fasting (4.0 +/- 0.3 vs. 7.6 +/- 1.1 mg/kg per min, P less than 0.05) and the splanchnic glucose balance reverted from a net release in the basal state (12 h fast, -1.7 +/- 0.2, and 60-h fast, -0.9 +/- 0.1 mg/kg per min, P less than 0.01) to a net uptake during the clamps that was similar after 60 h and 12 h of fasting (0.6 +/- 0.1 vs. 0.6 +/- 0.2 mg/kg per min). During the hyperglycemic clamp, insulin levels rose rapidly in all subjects. In the 12-h fasted group this rise was followed by a further gradual one, reaching significantly higher values than in 60-h fasted subjects during the second hour (67 +/- 15 vs. 25 +/- 2 microU/ml, P less than 0.05). Total glucose disposal was lower, though not significantly so, after the 60-h fast (2.6 +/- 0.4 vs. 5.4 +/- 1.3 mg/kg per min, 0.05 less than P less than 0.10), and as with the euglycemic clamp, the splanchnic glucose balance was altered from a basal net release to a net uptake during the clamp (1.3 +/- 0.2 vs. 1.1 +/- 0.2 mg/kg per min). After an overnight fast, splanchnic lactate uptake fell and the arterial lactate concentration rose in response to both hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia, whereas these variables were unchanged in the 60-h fasted subjects during both types of clamp studies. PMID- 3894422 TI - Molecular analysis of the bare lymphocyte syndrome. AB - The bare lymphocyte syndrome is a disorder in which class I histocompatibility antigens fail to be expressed normally on the surface of lymphocytes. Utilizing complementary DNA probes for both beta 2-microglobulin and class I genes, the molecular basis for this syndrome was investigated in a family with two siblings exhibiting the bare lymphocyte syndrome. Southern blot analysis demonstrated no gross internal defect in either class I or beta 2-microglobulin genes. Northern blot analysis of class I and beta 2-microglobulin messenger RNAs also revealed no qualitative difference between affected and unaffected family members. In contrast, quantitation of both class I and beta 2-microglobulin transcripts demonstrated each to be decreased in patients when compared to controls. Moreover, the decrease in both transcripts was coordinate. These results suggest that the bare lymphocyte syndrome may represent a pretranslational regulatory defect of both class I and beta 2-microglobulin gene expression. PMID- 3894424 TI - Synthesis of human immunoglobulins in vitro: comparison of two assays of secreted immunoglobulin. AB - One consequence of B-lymphocyte activation is immunoglobulin production, which can be quantitated by various techniques. We have compared assay of plaque forming cell (PFC) and determination of immunoglobulins by ELISA in culture supernatants of human lymphocytes stimulated with pokeweed mitogen and with Staphylococcus aureus. These assays correlated well (r greater than 0.77) in all major immunoglobulin classes studied. The close correlation suggests that determination of secreted immunoglobulins by ELISA may be substituted for the PFC assay. PMID- 3894425 TI - Biotin-avidin amplified ELISA for quantitation of human IgA. AB - A biotin-avidin amplified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the measurement of human IgA in serum, colostrum, gastric juice, and supernatants of in vitro mitogen-stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells is described. The ELISA reproducibly detects as little as one nanogram of IgA in a fifty microliter sample (20 ng/ml). PMID- 3894426 TI - Immunoassay of melatonin with enzyme-labeled antibodies. AB - This paper reports a non equilibrium competitive enzyme immunoassay method using enzyme-labeled antibodies, for the quantitation of melatonin in chloroform extracted samples. Its principle is as follows: methoxytryptamine hemisuccinate human serum albumin conjugate physically absorbed onto a polystyrene sphere and melatonin to be measured, compete for a limited and fixed amount of peroxidase labeled anti melatonin IgG. After incubation and washings the enzymatic activity bound to the sphere was measured with a chromogenic substrate. This simple method can detect as low as 22 fm of melatonin and is fairly precise. We also present its application to the determination of melatonin in serum and pineal gland. PMID- 3894427 TI - Increased non-specific binding of heat-treated proteins to plastic surfaces analyzed by ELISA and HPLC-fractionation. AB - Heat-treatment of proteins from human sera and bovine serum albumin caused an increase in their binding to microplates in a temperature-dependent manner. Quantitative data were obtained for 125I-labelled human IgG, with binding of up to 400 ng of 56 degrees-treated IgG per untreated well. However, only a minor increase in available antibody activity of adsorbed rabbit antibody was found upon pretreatment at 56 degrees. The increased binding to microplates as a result of pre-incubation at raised temperatures was by high pressure liquid gel permeation chromatography demonstrated to be accompanied by polymerization. Inhibition of the direct binding of the proteins to plastic surface was achieved most efficiently by coating with non-interfering proteins followed by non-ionic detergent (Tween 20), which should also be present in the wash buffer. PMID- 3894428 TI - Oral contraception and cancer of the female reproductive system. PMID- 3894429 TI - Detection of IgM antibodies against Chlamydia trachomatis by enzyme linked fluorescence immunoassay. AB - A simple, sensitive enzyme linked fluorescence immunoassay has been developed to detect IgM antibodies against Chlamydia trachomatis. Reticulate bodies and elementary bodies from C trachomatis L2/434 Bu strain were isolated and used as antigens in the assay. Of 113 serum samples obtained from infants with pneumonia, 27 (23.9%) had IgM antibodies to C trachomatis L2 reticulate bodies and nine (8.0%) had IgM antibodies to C trachomatis L2 elementary bodies (titre greater than or equal to 1/500). Specific IgM antibodies were not detected in 20 control serum samples obtained from healthy adults and children. The possible use of enzyme linked fluorescence assay to determine IgM antibodies in the serodiagnosis of C trachomatis infection is discussed. PMID- 3894430 TI - Enzyme immunoassay for the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis antigen in urethral and endocervical swabs. AB - An enzyme immunoassay technique based on the direct detection of Chlamydia trachomatis antigen in urethral or cervical swabs was used for the rapid diagnosis of chlamydial genital infection. Urethral and cervical samples from 140 patients were tested in parallel by enzyme immunoassay and cell culture using iodine staining. The direct test had a sensitivity of 92.5% and specificity of 97.2% when compared with the cell culture system. The enzyme immunoassay technique provides a rapid and simple method for diagnosing chlamydial genital infection and may be performed on a large number of samples in laboratories which do not have tissue culture facilities or a trained microscopist. PMID- 3894431 TI - Quantitative assessment of the mucosal architecture of jejunal biopsy specimens: a comparison between linear measurement, stereology, and computer aided microscopy. AB - Fifty jejunal biopsy specimens obtained from normal subjects and from untreated and treated patients with coeliac disease were assessed blindly by three independent observers, each of them using different morphometric techniques namely, linear measurement, stereology, and computer aided microscopy. In two of 26 control biopsy specimens linear measurement was not possible because of distortion of villi. Highly significant (p less than 0.001) correlation coefficients were found between the different techniques. With all methods significant differences between controls and patients with coeliac disease and between treated and untreated coeliac patients were found. Only by stereology, however, was there no overlap between results for patients and those for controls. In view of the limitations of linear measurement and the high cost and complexity of computer aided microscopy, we propose that a simple stereological technique using an eyepiece graticule is the method of choice in the quantitative assessment of mucosal architecture in jejunal biopsy specimens. PMID- 3894432 TI - Immunomorphological characterisation of antinuclear antibodies in chronic liver disease. AB - Two immunofluorescence procedures to evaluate antinuclear antibodies were compared in a series of 221 patients with chronic liver disorders of various aetiologies. The use of HEp-2 cells allowed us to discriminate with more confidence between the homogeneous and speckled patterns, to show the presence of associated patterns in the same serum, and, above all, to identify two specificities, unrecognizable on tissue sections. The anticentromere antibody was found in 10% of cases of primary biliary cirrhosis and occasionally in other conditions; the antibody staining multiple nuclear dots was strictly confined to primary biliary cirrhosis (17%). With the exception of autoimmune chronic active hepatitis the prevalence of antinuclear antibodies increased in all groups, particularly in primary biliary cirrhosis. Homogeneous antinuclear antibody was associated by both immunofluorescence procedures with autoimmune chronic active hepatitis. The multiple nuclear dot antinuclear antibody turned out to be an additional marker of primary biliary cirrhosis, helpful for the positive diagnosis of primary biliary cirrhosis in a proportion of cases negative for antimitochondrial antibody. Absorption experiments showed that multiple nuclear dot and antimitochondrial antibody are antigenically distinct. Moreover, multiple nuclear dot antinuclear antibody was associated with the finding of a dry Schirmer's test. PMID- 3894433 TI - Cryopreservation with glycerol during cryostat sectioning for localisation of lymphocytes and accessory cell phenotypic subsets in tissue biopsies. PMID- 3894434 TI - Healing after treatment of periodontal intraosseous defects. III. Effect of osseous grafting and citric acid conditioning. AB - The present study was performed to determine whether the healing of periodontal intraosseous defects could be improved through the combined use of citric acid conditioning of the root surfaces and grafting of autogenous intraoral cancellous bone. 28 proximal defects in 19 patients were treated surgically including acid conditioning of the root surfaces. Another 25 defects in these patients were treated with acid conditioning combined with osseous grafts using the maxillary tuberosity areas as donor sites. Both therapies, e.g., citric acid conditioning alone and acid conditioning combined with osseous grafting resulted in approximately 1 mm gains of probing attachment and probing bone levels. Within the parameters of this study, osseous grafting did not enhance the effect of citric acid conditioning alone. Limited improvement of the treated defects of the present study was obtained in spite of the use of supplementary regenerative techniques. PMID- 3894435 TI - Microbiological and clinical effects of surgical treatment of localized juvenile periodontitis. AB - Since Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans appears to be a key etiologic agent in localized juvenile periodontitis, this study determined the effectiveness of different treatment modalities in suppressing A. actinomycetemcomitans in localized juvenile periodontitis lesions. A total of 25 deep periodontal lesions from 7 patients with localized juvenile periodontitis were included in the study. The test periodontal lesions either received scaling and root planing alone, scaling and root planing together with soft tissue curettage, or modified Widman flap surgery. Subgingival A. actinomycetemcomitans were enumerated using selective culturing. Clinical measurements included changes in probing periodontal attachment level, probing periodontal pocket depth, gingival index, plaque index, and digital subtraction of standardized serial radiographs. The microbiological and clinical effects of treatment were monitored over a period of 16 weeks. All periodontal lesions studied demonstrated high numbers of A. actinomycetemcomitans prior to treatment. Scaling and root planing alone did not markedly change the subgingival A. actinomycetemcomitans counts, nor any of the clinical parameters studied. In contrast, soft tissue curettage as well as modified Widman flap surgery suppressed A. actinomycetemcomitans to undetectable levels immediately after therapy in more than 80% of the lesions studied. A total of 5 periodontal lesions exhibited gain of probing periodontal attachment after subgingival curettage or Widman flap treatment; 3 of these sites revealed no detectable A. actinomycetemcomitans, and the remaining 2 sites harbored only low levels of A. actinomycetemcomitans. 5 periodontal lesions which lost probing attachment after treatment all demonstrated high numbers of subgingival A. actinomycetemcomitans. Changes in alveolar bone, assessed by digital subtraction of serial radiographs, correlated with changes in probing periodontal attachment level, confirming the clinical results. The present study revealed a close relationship between post-treatment A. actinomycetemcomitans levels and the clinical response to treatment, which supports the concept that A. actinomycetemcomitans is an important organism in the etiology of localized juvenile periodontitis. This study also showed that a substantial suppression of subgingival A. actinomycetemcomitans cannot be achieved by periodontal scaling and root planing alone, but can be accomplished by surgical removal of periodontal tissues.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3894436 TI - Antimicrobial irrigation of deep pockets to supplement oral hygiene instruction and root debridement. I. Bi-weekly irrigation. AB - 64 sites with probing pocket depth greater than or equal to 6 mm from 11 patients were treated with plaque control instruction and one episode of root planning. Subsequently, selected sites in each patient were irrigated with either chlorhexidine, tetracycline, saline or served as non-irrigated control sites. Irrigation immediately followed instrumentation, and was repeated every 2 weeks for 24 weeks. Healing was monitored at 8, 16, and 24 weeks clinically and at 7, 15, and 23 weeks with subgingival washings for determination of % as well as total number of spirochetes. The following changes were apparent from comparing pooled site means at 24 weeks with pretreatment data: (1) bleeding sites decreased from 62 of 64 sites initially to 22 of 64 at 24 weeks; (2) spirochetes decreased from 34% to 2%; (3) probing pocket depths decreased from 7.6 to 4.7 mm; (4) probing attachment levels showed a gain of 1.2 mm. The improvement of the chlorhexidine and tetracycline irrigated sites was similar to that of the saline irrigated and non-irrigated control sites. Thus, biweekly chlorhexidine, tetracycline or saline irrigation of deep pockets did not appear to augment the effects of non-surgical periodontal therapy. PMID- 3894438 TI - Tongue thrust, tongue tip position at rest, and sigmatism: a review. AB - This article reviews the available evidence regarding the incidence of tongue thrust swallowing and the possible relation between this deglutition pattern, tongue tip position at rest, and sigmatism. It is found that tongue thrust swallowing a) is the rule rather than the exception in children under 10 years of age, b) is not correlative with low tongue tip position at rest, c) is not closely linked up with dental malocclusion, and d) does not prevent, but may delay, the acquisition of correct sibilant articulation. PMID- 3894437 TI - Fluoxetine treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. AB - Fluoxetine hydrochloride, a new antidepressant, was administered to 10 obsessive compulsive patients, and the effects of treatment were examined in a single-blind placebo design. The effects of fluoxetine were examined with respect to depressive symptomatology and obsessions and compulsions per se. The results suggest that fluoxetine affected depressive symptoms but also had an effect on self-reported measures of obsessions and ritualistic behavior. Results are discussed in terms of improvement in obsessive-compulsive disorder, the relation of improvement to initial levels of depression, and patients' ability to tolerate the drug. PMID- 3894439 TI - Computed tomography of malignant lymphoma involving the skull. AB - The CT findings in two patients with the unusual presentation of malignant lymphoma in the skull are described. The dominant CT findings were contrast enhanced large soft tissue masses without calcifications on both sides of the bone with very little or no changes in the bone itself. This characteristic CT appearance may be helpful to differentiate primary lymphoma of the skull from other bone tumors and osteomyelitis. PMID- 3894440 TI - Comparison of imaging methods for diagnosing enlarged parathyroid glands in chronic renal failure. AB - Three noninvasive imaging methods, CT, scintigraphy with 201TlCl and 99mTcO4-, and ultrasonography, were performed on 36 patients with chronic renal failure and secondary hyperparathyroidism. The patients subsequently underwent total parathyroidectomy and parathyroid autograft. The detection rates of the three methods for the 143 excised parathyroid glands were compared according to gland weight and location. Computed tomography detected 53.8% of all glands and 77.6% of 76 glands weighing more than 500 mg. Scintigraphy detected 51.0% of all glands and 77.6% of glands heavier than 500 mg. Ultrasonography detected 42.7% of all glands and 65.8% of glands heavier than 500 mg. The detection rate of upper glands was best with CT (53.5 and 87.9%): that of lower glands was best with scintigraphy (62.0 and 78.6%). Although the combination of the three methods diagnosed 66.4% of all glands and 89.5% of glands heavier than 500 mg, CT and scintigraphy, the best two combinations, visualized 64.3 and 88.2%. PMID- 3894441 TI - Atelectasis and subpulmonic fluid: a CT pitfall in distinguishing pleural from peritoneal fluid. AB - The ability to distinguish between pleural and peritoneal fluid is important in the management of patients with peridiaphragmatic fluid collections. The differentiation of subphrenic fluid from pleural effusion by CT may be difficult and requires a detailed understanding of the normal appearance of the diaphragm on transaxial images. We report 12 patients in whom peridiaphragmatic fluid collections could potentially be misinterpreted as peritoneal rather than pleural fluid. In all cases the presence of subsegmental, basilar atelectasis with subpulmonic fluid created confusing CT images. Subsegmental atelectasis formed a curvilinear band at the lung base that simulated the hemidiaphragm. Fluid anterior to the atelectasis caused a false impression of subdiaphragmatic (peritoneal) fluid. Computed tomography through the upper abdomen excluded intraabdominal fluid in all cases. In four cases ultrasonography confirmed fluid in a supradiaphragmatic, subpulmonic location, excluded peritoneal fluid, and identified subsegmental atelectasis. The presence of subpulmonic fluid and subsegmental atelectasis requires meticulous interpretation of transaxial CT images to avoid the incorrect localization of peridiaphragmatic fluid collections. PMID- 3894442 TI - CT demonstration of an adrenal pseudocyst. AB - The CT and ultrasound findings in a case of an adrenal pseudocyst are reported. The pathology, etiology, usual manifestations, and differential diagnosis of adrenal cysts are discussed. PMID- 3894443 TI - Intraepidermal bullous diseases. PMID- 3894444 TI - Subepidermal bullous diseases. PMID- 3894445 TI - Changes of luteinizing hormone and progesterone for dairy cows after gonadotropin releasing hormone at first postpartum breeding. AB - Gonadotropin-releasing hormone administered at breeding enhances fertility of dairy cows, so a study was designed to evaluate the mechanism for enhanced fertility following administration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone at first postpartum breeding. Twenty-four cows were assigned randomly to one of two treatments, 100 micrograms of gonadotropin-releasing hormone intramuscular or saline vehicle intramuscular at insemination. Blood samples for luteinizing hormone assay were taken at 2-h intervals prior to breeding and .5-h intervals for 3 h after insemination. Composite morning milk samples for progesterone assay were collected for 30 days after insemination or until next estrus. Cows given gonadotropin-releasing hormone had higher luteinizing hormone concentrations in blood serum following treatment than cows given saline, 13.2 versus 3.0 ng/ml. There was no relationship between luteinizing hormone and subsequent conception. Progesterone for cows that became pregnant was higher throughout sampling days. Mean progesterone concentrations were 4.6 versus 2.2 ng/ml in pregnant and nonpregnant cows during the first 4 days after insemination. Cows treated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone that conceived had higher progesterone than other cows, and that was evident at the first 4 days postbreeding. PMID- 3894446 TI - Field studies on linear dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid teat dip. AB - A teat dip containing 1.94% linear dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid and 12% glycerine, an anionic detergent formulation, was evaluated in two field trials on a commercial dairy. In Trial 1, the teat dip was compared to an undipped control in a split-herd design. Incidence of infection with Streptococcus agalactiae was reduced 57.8%; infections with presumptively identified Staphylococcus aureus were not reduced. Milking machine function and milking procedures may have affected teat dip effectiveness and incidence of udder infection. Streptococcus agalactiae was eradicated prior to Trial 2 in which the detergent teat dip was compared to a 1% iodophor product of proven efficacy. Incidence of Staphylococcus aureus infection was 40.5% lower in the detergent than in the iodophor group. Taxonomic studies on Staphylococcus species indicated that presumptive microbial identification resulted in erroneous conclusions concerning efficacy of the teat dip products. Importance of speciation of staphylococcal isolates is discussed. PMID- 3894447 TI - Source of stray voltage and effect on cow health and performance. AB - In dairy cows, two distinct and important aspects of the interrelationship between stray voltage problems on the farm and dairy cow productivity can be identified. One is behavioral modification that increases in intensity when currents associated with neutral-to-earth voltages above .7 V find a pathway through the cow. The other is immediate endocrine response. Results of research are less clear on the current necessary for the latter to occur; it may require 8 mA or more. This implies, depending on the pathway and the cow's pathway resistance, that voltage difference between two cow contact points must exceed 3 V. Resistance of different cow pathways range from 350 to 1700 omega. Milk production is more likely to be affected adversely when cows are subjected to shock patterns both intermittent and irregular. Less than 10% of the dairy cow population are thought to perceive any electrical currents upon contact with conductive grounding equipment provided voltages on the farm electrical neutral system remain below .35 V. This paper also identifies various sources of stray voltage problems and discusses appropriate procedures for correction. PMID- 3894448 TI - Effects of climate on reproduction in cattle. AB - Animal environment is affected by climatic factors that include temperature, humidity, radiation, and wind. Extremes in climate alter energy transfer between the animal and its environment and can affect deleteriously reproduction. Seasonal variation of environment, nutrition, and management alters estrous activity and duration of estrus. Conception rates are reduced under stress of heat and cold. Endocrine functions are altered by climatic extremes. In hyperthermia, adrenal function is reduced, and this may allow the animal to cope with the environment because of the lower calorigenic actions of glucocorticoids. Estrogens are lower during the proestrus to metestrus period of the estrous cycle and during late gestation and appear to manifest their physiological actions through shorter duration of estrus and lower calf birth weights, respectively. Season alters endocrine profiles and influences fertility of males. Spermatogenesis is impaired, and testosterone is lower during early exposure to hyperthermia. Environmental modifications can alleviate stress of heat and cold to some extent. Experimentation using indices of environmental measures is needed to assess interactive effects of environment on reproduction. PMID- 3894449 TI - Nutritional requirements and economics of lowering feed costs. AB - Feed costs are, and will continue to be, the largest single expense for milk production. Gross efficiency of milk production is greater for high-producing cows because a lower proportion of total feed intake is used for maintenance of the cow. High milk production and high feed intake are positively correlated. The challenge for the future is to continue the remarkable progress in milk yield potential and increased feed efficiency realized in the recent past. Some areas of research that show promise for improving our knowledge and ability to feed cows for even greater efficiency include studies of energy metabolism, protein metabolism, voluntary feed intake, ruminal fermentation and fiber requirements, effects of growth hormone on milk production and animal metabolism, mineral nutrition, buffers, and vitamins. Practical studies on treatment and utilization of by-product feeds, manipulation of milk composition through nutrition, and continued development of better computer models for feeding and management decisions will have a significant effect on the efficiency and profitability of the dairy enterprise. PMID- 3894450 TI - Enhanced reproduction and its economic implications. AB - Reproductive performance affects profit of dairy herds because it directly affects milk produced per cow per day, number of replacements produced, and rates of voluntary and involuntary culling. High producing cows will reproduce at a satisfactory rate if they are managed properly. There appears to be direct relationship between herd management and reproductive performance. Thus, reproductive performance and profit respond positively to improvements of rates of detection of estrus, improvements of rates of conception, and improvements of management of the periparturient cow. Pharmacological procedures are now available for controlling time of estrus and insemination in groups of cattle. It is feasible to limit the breeding period in a herd to 1 wk of each 3-wk interval. Primary benefits of controlled breeding are convenience and efficient use of labor for detection of estrus and insemination. Biotechnical procedures such as embryo transfer and insertion of specific genes may enhance rates of genetic improvement for important economic traits. PMID- 3894451 TI - Animal health and management and their impact on economic efficiency. AB - Relationships between animal health and economic efficiency were examined using data from genetic investigations and management studies. Genetic investigations have indicated that cows bred for high production do require more health care, but that increased costs for health care negate only a small fraction of the greater returns from cows that are genetically superior for yield traits. These same studies have identified age of cow and stage of lactation as important sources of variation in health care costs. Health care costs increase with age and are highest at parturition and immediately thereafter, and decrease to much lower levels as lactation progresses. Animal health issues considered from a management perspective were macro-environment (climate, housing, facilities), nutrition-reproduction complex, replacement management, mastitis and udder health, and herd health preventive medicine programs. Most advances in management of animal health were beneficial, but some are economical only for large herds. Improvement of udder health through continued and expanded research on milking procedures and equipment design is an area of unusual promise. Additional research appears needed to cope with stress and fatigue to legs and feet in modern facilities. Preventive medicine programs become more cost effective as herds become larger and should be used by a larger percentage of dairy producers. The economic efficiency of many management practices is uncertain due to a paucity of data. Animal scientists should plan to incorporate economic comparisons into much more of their research. PMID- 3894452 TI - Comparison of dental crown height in bite impressions. AB - A wax bite impression can serve as a reliable identification of missing and unknown children, particularly in the absence of caries and restorations. Dental crown heights in bite impressions made from noncontoured and contoured wax wafers were compared in ten patients, ranging in age from three to eight years. The contoured wax wafer produced significantly greater crown heights in the casts which were fabricated from it. The differences were most pronounced in the anterior teeth; but generally true for all the teeth. PMID- 3894453 TI - Isolation and growth of human periodontal ligament cells in vitro. AB - The periodontal ligaments from single human teeth were dissected free of the root surface and plated into culture dishes. In each case two populations of cells were obtained: fibroblasts and epithelial cells. These two populations were separated and grown in culture. The epithelial nature of the epithelioid appearing cells was confirmed by staining for keratin, exclusively an epithelial cell protein. PMID- 3894454 TI - Correlation of apical and lateral membrane modulations of maturation ameloblasts. AB - Maturation ameloblasts of rat incisor teeth have smooth-ended and ruffle-ended apical membrane configurations. It has also been reported that maturation ameloblasts have several lateral membrane configurations. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between the modulations of lateral and apical cell membranes of murine incisor ameloblasts in the maturation stage of amelogenesis. Maxillary and mandibular incisors were dissected, demineralized, embedded in paraffin, sectioned and then de-paraffinized, and the enamel organs were prepared for scanning electron microscopy. Additional mouse and rat incisor enamel organs were fixed and teased apart during dehydration, then observed in the SEM. The lengths of smooth- and ruffle-ended ameloblast segments were measured, and the site, length, and frequency of each lateral membrane configuration were determined within each segment. The lateral membrane configuration with folds forming from 12 to 14 channels around the periphery of the cells was most predominant in both smooth- and ruffle-ended cells. Cells surrounded by from six to eight channels were the only other lateral membrane configuration observed in ruffle-ended ameloblasts. Smooth-ended ameloblasts had lateral membrane configurations with either dense or sparse microvillous projections in addition to both types of channel cells. The observation that channelled extracellular spaces are always associated with ruffle-ended cells suggests that channels somehow function in conjunction with the ruffled apical membrane in resorption and removal of enamel matrix proteins. The smooth-ended ameloblasts lack tight apical junctions, and their microvillous lateral membranes permit the passage of plasma fluids around cells to the maturing enamel surface.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3894455 TI - Interactive effect of stress and temperature on creep of PFM alloys. AB - The creep rates of six alloys for porcelain-fused-to-metal (PFM) restorations were determined as a function of flexural stress and temperature. Although two Pd Cu alloys demonstrated excellent resistance to creep at low-stress, high temperature conditions, they were especially susceptible to deformation at high stresses and temperatures near the glass transition temperature of dental porcelains. In comparison, a Ni-Cr alloy and a Pd-Co alloy demonstrated superior creep resistance at high-stress, low-temperature conditions. This indicates a relatively low potential for deformation due to stresses which may result from a thermal contraction differential between these two alloys and incompatible dental porcelains. PMID- 3894456 TI - The significance of vitiligo antibodies. PMID- 3894457 TI - Epidermal cells bearing both I-A and I-E subregion antigens can induce hen egg white lysozyme-specific T lymphocyte proliferation. PMID- 3894458 TI - Transfer of a drug-induced generalized rash in guinea pig. PMID- 3894459 TI - Antibiotic susceptibilities of Staphylococcus aureus strains derived from furuncle and bullous impetigo. PMID- 3894460 TI - Skin elasticity in localized scleroderma (morphoea). Introduction of a biaxial in vivo method for measurement of tensile distensibility, hysteresis, and resilient distension of diseased and normal skin. PMID- 3894461 TI - Cutaneous cryptococcosis--a case with C3 deposition on capsules. PMID- 3894462 TI - An unusual association of acanthosis nigricans and Crouzon's disease--a case report. PMID- 3894463 TI - Solitary trichoepithelioma with prominent cystic structures. PMID- 3894464 TI - Generalized pediculosis pubis infestation. PMID- 3894465 TI - [Science at the front and behind the lines during World War II]. PMID- 3894466 TI - References to contemporary papers on acoustics. PMID- 3894467 TI - A case study of the educational future of the nursing section of the Institute of Medical and Health Care, Hong Kong Polytechnic. AB - This paper is based on a study which investigated the perceptions and expectations held by nominated nurse experts from Hong Kong, concerning the future developments of nursing education in the local context. A modified Delphi survey method was utilized to gain a consensus of opinion regarding the leadership role that the Hong Kong Polytechnic's newly established Nursing Studies Section should play. The findings suggested that the present plans proposed by the section were inadequate and in juxtaposition with the expectations held by nursing education experts working in this field. The respondents indicated that the section should take total responsibility for post basic nursing education, nursing research activities, curriculum development in association with the hospital schools of nursing and assisting clinical staff in the development of clinical and management practice. PMID- 3894468 TI - Successful breast feeding: the mother's dilemma. AB - A content analysis of 141 articles on breast feeding by discipline revealed differences in the factors considered necessary for breast feeding success and in the criteria used to determine success. Whereas medical articles focused on maternal factors prenatally and infant health post-natally, or the length of time breast feeding was maintained, lay articles focused on the relationship of the mother with her infant (the nursing couple) and the mother's ability to manage breast feeding within the family context. The implications of this discrepancy for nursing practice and research are discussed. PMID- 3894469 TI - The presidents. Arthur Hastings Merritt 1939-1940. PMID- 3894470 TI - The demand for dental care: evidence from a randomized trial in health insurance. AB - Using data from a randomized trial in health insurance, this paper examines the effect of cost sharing on use of dental services. The data come from a sample of the nonaged, noninstitutionalized civilian population of six urban and rural sites. We find that: reducing the level of cost sharing increases demand for dental services; and dental expenses rise 46% when the coinsurance rate falls from 95% to 0%, subject to a catastrophic limit on out-of-pocket expenses. Of this increase, two-thirds is attributable to an increase in the likelihood of visiting a dentist during the year. Moreover, there is a substantial surge in demand during the first year of more generous coverage. The first-year response to cost sharing is nearly twice the second-year response. PMID- 3894471 TI - Dentistry on stamps. PMID- 3894472 TI - Continuing education course listing, June to December 1985. Department of Membership and Continuing Education Records. PMID- 3894473 TI - Histamine-induced spasm not significantly modulated by prostanoids in a swine model of coronary artery spasm. AB - The role of prostanoids in a swine model of coronary artery spasm was examined. Eighteen miniature pigs underwent endothelial denudation of the left coronary artery (left circumflex branch in 14 pigs and left anterior descending branch in 4 pigs) followed by high cholesterol feeding. Three months after the denudation, when coronary artery spasm was repeatedly provoked along the denuded portion of the coronary artery by histamine, the vasoconstrictive effect of thromboxane A2 and the preventive effects of indomethacin and prostacyclin against histamine induced coronary artery spasm were examined. Intracoronary administration of thiothromboxane A2, 200 micrograms, a stable thromboxane A2 analog, failed to provoke coronary artery spasm (seven of seven cases) but nonselectively constricted the coronary artery by 33%. Intravenous administration of indomethacin, 2 mg/kg, or continuous intravenous infusion of prostacyclin, 50 ng/kg per min, failed to prevent histamine-induced coronary artery spasm (four of four and eight of eight cases, respectively), yet the spasm was all but prevented by intravenous pretreatment with diphenhydramine at a dose of 1 mg/kg. Thus, in this swine model, prostanoids may not play a primary role in the occurrence of coronary artery spasm. PMID- 3894474 TI - A dose-ranging, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial of nisoldipine in effort angina: duration and extent of antianginal effects. AB - Maximal treadmill exercise testing at 1, 3 and 8 hours was used to assess the onset, duration and antianginal efficacy of the dihydropyridine slow channel calcium-blocking agent, nisoldipine, in an oral dose range of 5, 10 and 20 mg. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled design was used involving 12 patients with stable effort angina. Exercise tolerance was significantly increased 3 hours after each dose, when the maximal beneficial effect occurred. The improvement was observed as early as 1 hour after the 10 and 20 mg dose, and persisted for 8 hours after the 20 mg dose. At 3 hours, the onset of an exercise induced ST segment depression of 0.1 mV or greater was increased by 62 (p less than 0.05), 75 (p less than 0.01) and 117 seconds (p less than 0.01) with the 5, 10 and 20 mg dose of nisoldipine, respectively, compared with placebo. Similarly, time to onset of angina was significantly increased. The sum of exercise-induced ST segment depression at peak exercise was significantly decreased (p less than 0.05) from 8.7 +/- 2.3 to 6.7 +/- 1.8 and 6.4 +/- 2.0 mm, respectively, after the 10 and 20 mg dose of nisoldipine. The rate-pressure product was significantly greater with nisoldipine than with placebo at the onset of ischemia and at peak exercise (22.8 +/- 1.1 versus 20 +/- 1.4 X 10(3) U for the 20 mg dose; p less than 0.01). Thus, nisoldipine is an effective antianginal agent with a rapid onset of action that improves exercise tolerance, increases angina threshold and persists for at least 8 hours after oral dosing. PMID- 3894475 TI - The automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator: an overview. AB - The automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator continuously monitors the heart, identifies malignant ventricular tachyarrhythmias and then delivers electrical countershock to restore normal rhythm. There are two defibrillating electrodes which are also used for waveform analysis; one is located in the superior vena cava and the other is placed over the cardiac apex. A third bipolar right ventricular electrode is used for rate counting and R wave synchronization. When ventricular fibrillation occurs, a 25 J pulse is delivered; when ventricular tachycardia faster than the preset rate is detected, the discharge is R wave synchronized. The clinical evaluation study of this therapeutic method began in February 1980 in patients with recurrent refractory life-threatening ventricular tachyarrhythmias. So far, the device has been implanted in nearly 500 patients with a follow-up period of up to 59 months. The risks and complications associated with this treatment were found to be moderate. Actuarial analysis has demonstrated significant impact on the survival rate of the patients receiving implants with 1 year arrhythmic mortality rate reduced to 2% or less in all groups analyzed. The available data indicate that the automatic cardioverter defibrillator can reliably identify and correct potentially lethal ventricular tachyarrhythmias, leading to a substantial improvement in survival in properly selected high risk patients. PMID- 3894476 TI - Angioinvasive pulmonary aspergillosis: presentation as massive pulmonary saddle embolism in an immunocompromised patient. AB - A 33 year old woman with chronic myelogenous leukemia presented with clinical symptoms and hemodynamic signs suggestive of pulmonary embolism. Initial angiographic studies supported the diagnosis of a massive saddle pulmonary embolus, and an inferior vena cava filter was inserted. However, subsequent autopsy revealed unsuspected angioinvasive pulmonary aspergillosis with secondary in situ thrombosis. The clinical features and diagnostic considerations in immunocompromised patients presenting with the clinical picture of pulmonary embolism are discussed. PMID- 3894477 TI - Effect of weight reduction on the renin-aldosterone axis. AB - Eight normotensive obese subjects participated in an inpatient study designed to determine the effect of a constant sodium intake (150 mEq) on the renin aldosterone axis during 12 weeks of weight reduction. Two 800-calorie (3,200 kj) ketogenic diets, differing in carbohydrate content (10 g vs 70 g) were used for the study. Supine and upright plasma renin activity (PRA) and serum aldosterone (SA) were determined at the baseline and every 4 weeks. Total body water (TBW) was determined by the tritiated water technique at the baseline and 12 weeks after dieting. Extracellular water (ECW) was determined by 77Br space. Routine serum chemistries were obtained at 2-week intervals. Analysis of variance indicated no significant differences in the PRA and SA between the two diets. At the baseline, while on a self-selected 150 mEq sodium diet, there was a 3- to 4 fold increase in PRA after 2 h of ambulation (supine PRA 0.83 +/- 0.22 increased to 3.41 +/- 0.96 ng/ml/h). After the hypocaloric diets were instituted, the absolute values for PRA in the supine and upright positions declined. However, the magnitude of the postural response (3- to 4-fold increase) remained unchanged during the 12 weeks of weight reduction. There was no decline in the absolute values for supine or upright SA, during the entire study. Weight loss was significant (from 102.56 +/- 6.0 to 81.7 +/- 3.7 kg; P less than .001) and was accompanied by a mean +/- SE reduction in the TBW of 3.01 +/- 0.88 liters (P less than .011).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3894478 TI - Underestimation of specific immunoglobulin E by microtiter plate enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. AB - We developed an ELISA by use of monoclonal anti-IgE to measure allergen-specific IgE. We measured perennial ryegrass (PRG) specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) with conventional single incubations and with the recently reported transfer method to decrease interference in the assay. Paired sera in 10 patients before and during immunotherapy with PRG extract were analyzed for PRG sIgE with single serum incubations and with the sum of five serial serum incubations. A standardized reference serum and patient sera were incubated 12 hours and then transferred to a second well, incubated 12 hours more, and transferred again. The process was repeated until five pairs of wells had been incubated with each serum dilution. Color was developed, and optical density was measured. PRG sIgE was calculated by interpolation from the reference curve. Evidence of interference was inferred when less PRG sIgE was detected by single incubation than by transfer. Inhibition of 71.3% occurred in the sera drawn during immunotherapy. Inhibition of 32.9% was found before immunotherapy. Also, a late peaking of the well-to-well curve of optical density was observed in nine of 10 sera drawn during immunotherapy (the exception had not reached full strength), whereas all of the sera drawn before immunotherapy had normal curves. This suggests that sIgE determinations performed in microtiter plate format with single incubations will usually underestimate the sIgE level. This drawback needs to be kept in mind by the clinician interpreting the results of these assays. PMID- 3894479 TI - Localization of tryptase to human cutaneous mast cells and keratinocytes by immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase cytochemistry with monoclonal antitryptase antibody. AB - A monoclonal antibody (H4) against tryptase purified from human pulmonary mast cells was prepared and used as an immunoreactive marker for the cellular localization of tryptase in normal human skin and in lesional skin from subjects with systemic mastocytosis. Mast cells had characteristic metachromatic staining of cytoplasmic granules with Giemsa reagent and were detected in small numbers about superficial vessels in the papillary dermis of nonlesional skin and in large numbers about deep as well as superficial vessels of lesional skin. By both direct immunofluorescence with fluorescein isothiocyanate-H4 and indirect immunoperoxidase cytochemistry with H4, all mast cells were selectively stained. The reactivity was confined to the cytoplasm and was granular in character. In addition, keratinocytes in epidermal tissue and in cell suspensions stained diffusely with H4 antibody. A tryptase-like activity that cleaved tosyl-L arginine methyl ester (0.003 U/10(6) cells) and was not inhibited by soy bean and lima bean trypsin inhibitors was detected in sonicated suspensions of purified epidermal keratinocytes. Monoclonal antitryptase antibody represents an immunologic probe for the presence of tryptase, a preformed mediator of human mast cells, in tissues and cells. PMID- 3894480 TI - Contamination of intradermal skin test syringes. AB - Syringes used in intradermal skin testing have commonly been used for multiple patients. Recently the safety of this practice was questioned, raising the possibility that these syringes may transmit disease from one patient to another. Since this practice is so widespread and because of a scarcity of articles linking the spread of disease with this practice, we repeated these studies and performed other experiments to test this hypothesis. With the use of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and tritiated thymidine, we found contamination of syringe contents that indicated a clear potential for common syringes to spread disease. These studies and studies reported elsewhere suggest that common syringes should not be used in skin testing. PMID- 3894481 TI - Albuterol syrup in the treatment of asthma. AB - This study evaluated the administration of albuterol syrup (0.1 mg/kg/6 hr) or placebo to 2- to 6-year old children whose extrinsic asthma was treated with maintenance theophylline in a prerandomized, double-blind crossover study design. Albuterol/theophylline treatment produced peak expiratory flow rates 2 hours after administration that were significantly higher than in the theophylline/placebo-treated group (119.3 L/min versus 83 L/min) p less than 0.01. The theophylline/placebo-treated group also required higher serum concentrations of theophylline to control wheezing, 10.5 micrograms/ml versus 5.0 micrograms/ml (p less than 0.01). The average symptom scores for the albuterol/theophylline-treated patients (72.5) were less than that of theophylline/placebo-treated group (97.6) p less than 0.02. Side effects such as tremor, irritability, or insomnia occurred in only two of 17 patients. Serial EKG recordings demonstrated no evidence of cardiotoxicity, such as arrhythmias, or indication of myocardial injury. The addition of albuterol to theophylline improved control of severe asthma in children 2 to 6 years of age demonstrated by improvement in pulmonary function, decrease in theophylline dosage requirement, and improvement in symptoms. It was free of any known cardiotoxicity. PMID- 3894482 TI - Soybean oil is not allergenic to soybean-sensitive individuals. AB - We have previously demonstrated that peanut oil is not allergenic to peanut sensitive individuals. Seven soybean-sensitive patients were enrolled in a double blind crossover study to determine whether ingestion of soybean oil can induce adverse reactions in such patients. All subjects had histories of systemic allergic reactions (urticaria, angioedema, wheezing, dyspnea, and/or vomiting) after soybean ingestion and had positive puncture skin tests with a 1:20 w/v glycerinated-saline whole soybean extract. Sera from six of the seven subjects were tested by RAST assay for the presence of specific IgE antibodies to soybean allergens. All patients had elevated levels of serum IgE antibodies to the crude soybean extract; binding values ranged from 2.3 to 28.1 times that of a negative control serum. Before the oral challenges, all patients demonstrated negative puncture skin tests to three commercially available soybean oils and to olive oil (control). On four separate days, patients were challenged with the individual soybean oils and olive oil in random sequence. At 30-minute intervals, under constant observation, patients ingested 2, 5, and 8 ml of one of the soybean oils or olive oil contained in 1 ml capsules. No untoward reactions were observed with either the commercially available soybean oils or olive oil. Soybean oil ingestion does not appear to pose a risk to soybean-sensitive individuals. PMID- 3894483 TI - Mediators, airway responsiveness, and asthma. AB - There appears to be a close interrelationship among airway responsiveness to mediators and to natural stimuli, the presence and severity of asthma, and endogenous mediator release in the airways. Histamine and methacholine have been most commonly used to measure airway responsiveness. Airway responsiveness to the two drugs is increased in patients with current symptoms of asthma, and the degree of increase relates closely to the degree of variable airflow obstruction and the therapy to control symptoms. The degree of airway responsiveness to histamine also correlates closely with the degree of responsiveness to methacholine and less closely with responsiveness to PGF2 alpha and to natural stimuli such as exercise and allergens. The less close correlations with responsiveness to exercise and allergens is probably because of variations in the ease and type of endogenous mediator release in the airways by these stimuli. Endogenous mediator release from a number of stimuli including allergens and ozone causes inflammation in the airways, asthma, and airway hyperresponsiveness. These various interrelationships indicate that the treatment of asthma should be directed to reduce airway responsiveness, prevent mediator release, and prevent or reverse inflammation. PMID- 3894484 TI - A child survivor/psychiatrist's personal adaptation. PMID- 3894485 TI - Microwave ovens: effects on food quality and safety. PMID- 3894486 TI - Effects of microwave cooking/reheating on nutrients and food systems: a review of recent studies. AB - Microwave-oven technology has been improved by the use of low power. With the utilization of low-power techniques, studies showed equal or better retention of nutrients for microwave, as compared with conventional, reheated foods for thiamin, riboflavin, pyridoxine, folacin, and ascorbic acid. Beef roasts microwaved at "simmer" were comparable with conventionally cooked roasts in sensory quality, while vegetables cooked by an institutional (1,150 w) microwave oven were superior to those cooked in a domestic (550 w) microwave oven. Microwave-cooked bacon had lower levels of nitrosamines than conventionally cooked bacon; however, the use of a new alpha-tocopherol coating system has been found to be a safe N-nitrosamine inhibitor regardless of cooking method used. PMID- 3894487 TI - Folic acid deficiency in the elderly. PMID- 3894488 TI - The kidnapping of W. S. Gilbert. AB - Gilbert's probable screen memory of having been kidnapped, along with his persistent preoccupations with babyhood, remembering and forgetting, stress the intensity of his struggle against remembering the painful experiences from his childhood. His creative efforts function as an obsessional defense; they divert his attention from the experiences themselves to a fascination with the process of remembering and forgetting, while the painful affects are reversed into playful, good-natured humor. The results are some of his most treasured anecdotes. Watson (1918) quotes Gilbert's story of the amateur burglar who badly bungled an attempted robbery and ended up being arrested and jailed under the most humiliating circumstances. For years afterward, every time he though of the incident, he felt wretchedly uncomfortable, and he tried vainly to drive the occurrence from his mind. The story concludes with a statement which, remarks Watson, only Gilbert could have written: "Gradually one detail after another slipped from my recollection, and one lovely morning last May I found to my intense delight that I had absolutely forgotten all about it" (p. 94). PMID- 3894489 TI - Freud's conception is different from Strachey's. PMID- 3894490 TI - Use exercise to help older adults. PMID- 3894492 TI - More about hypothenar skin grafts for fingertip reconstruction. PMID- 3894491 TI - [Echography of the corpus luteum]. AB - The authors analyse the ultrasound aspects of normal and abnormal corpora lutea after reviewing the techniques for studying ovaries. The abnormalities include unruptured luteal follicles, cystic corpora lutea, haemorrhage into corpora lutea and ovarian hyperstimulation. PMID- 3894493 TI - The hand in art. PMID- 3894494 TI - Comparative study of cimetidine and Mylanta II in the 6-week treatment of gastric ulcer. AB - The efficacy of antacid in the treatment of benign gastric ulcer is less well established than in the treatment of duodenal ulcer. The objective of this study was to monitor ulcer healing and symptom relief in 38 patients with gastric ulceration treated for 6 weeks with cimetidine (Tagamet) 300 mg q.i.d. or an aluminum-magnesium containing antacid (Mylanta II) 10 ml q.i.d. (acid neutralizing capacity 203.2 mEq/day). The study was single-blind; the study physicians and those providing endoscopic assessments were not aware of the patients' treatment. Entered into the study were 19 male and 19 female patients ranging in age from 17 to 70 years, with a mean age of 52 years. None of the patients had taken cimetidine in the previous month, and none abused alcohol or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, but two-thirds of the patients were smokers. Five patients in the antacid group withdrew for numerous reasons including continued pain, noncompliance, and side effects. All patients in the cimetidine group completed the study, and no side effects were noted. There was no difference between the antacid- and the cimetidine-treated patients in the relief of symptoms. There was a significant difference in the 6-week ulcer healing between the groups, with 14/19 (74%) healed in the cimetidine group compared with only 6/14 (43%) healed in the antacid group (p less than 0.025). Thus, Mylanta II, 10 ml four times daily, is comparable to cimetidine 300 mg q.i.d. in the symptomatic relief of benign gastric ulceration, but ulcer healing was superior using cimetidine. PMID- 3894495 TI - Massive gastrointestinal hemorrhage cecal ulcers and salmonella colitis. AB - A 65-year-old man presented with massive lower gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage. Minimal changes were noted on sigmoidoscopy, no bleeding lesions were identified on arteriography or red blood cell scan, and barium enema examination demonstrated only diverticular disease and minimal cecal deformity, interpreted as secondary to a recent appendectomy. Colonoscopy demonstrated multiple deep cecal ulcers. These were presumed to be due to an infectious etiology, since the stools were culture-positive for Salmonella typhimurium. The hemorrhage stopped within 24 hours of treatment with Ampicillin, Flagyl, and Gentamicin. The patient has remained well over a 12-month follow-up period. Repeat colonoscopy demonstrated healing of the cecal ulcers and there was also clearing of the Salmonella from the stools. This case report serves to remind us of the different methods used to diagnose lower gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage, and the importance of considering infectious causes of colitis. PMID- 3894496 TI - What to do about Medicare. A message from the executive director. PMID- 3894497 TI - Neurons and neuroendocrine cells contain chromogranin: detection of the molecule in normal bovine tissues by immunochemical and immunohistochemical methods. AB - Gel-eluted bovine chromogranin (CG), the 75,000 dalton acidic protein abundantly present in adrenal chromaffin granules, was used as immunogen to prepare anti-CG serum. The specificity of the antiserum was demonstrated in immunoblots of electrophoresed bovine CG and in immunohistochemical studies of bovine adrenal medulla. In the immunoblots, the predominant immunoreactive band had a molecular weight of 75,000 daltons. Bands with a higher or lower molecular weight were also immunoreactive and may represent CG precursors or breakdown products. In the adrenal gland, only adrenal chromaffin cells contained CG immunoreactivity. Immunoblots and immunohistochemistry were also used to characterize the distribution of CG in bovine tissues. CG was expressed by cells of the diffuse neuroendocrine system (DNS) including: adrenal chromaffin cells, enterochromaffin cells, pancreatic islet cells, cells of the adenohypophysis, thyroid C cells, parathyroid cells, and submandibular gland. CG was also seen in four locations not previously recognized to express this antigen: thymic epithelial cells, neurons, the inner segment of rods and cones, and the submandibular gland. We demonstrate a wider distribution of CG than previously recognized and that the molecule detected in tissue by immunohistochemistry is indeed CG. We conclude that CG is expressed by neurons, cells of the DNS, and by a few other cells that may or may not be related to the DNS. The antiserum described here should prove valuable in developing an understanding of the function(s) of CG. PMID- 3894498 TI - Immunolocalization of copper-zinc superoxide dismutase. II. Rat. AB - Copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZn SOD) has been localized in formalin-fixed rat tissues. Staining with a modified immunoenzyme bridge technique using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex revealed abundant endogenous CuZn SOD in cells that function in transporting ions, either cellularly, as in the case of tracheal, bronchiolar, and colonic epithelial cells, gastric oxyntic cells, and cells lining the salivary ducts and proximal convoluted tubules in the nephron, or intracellularly, as exemplified by skeletal muscle and neurons. Additionally, the enzyme was consistently demonstrable in hepatocytes, endocrine cells of the islets of Langerhans, and the highly membranous oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system. Cellular processes that maintain high ionic gradients appear especially vulnerable to the superoxide anion, thus necessitating the presence of CuZn SOD to scavenge toxic free radicals of oxygen. Comparison of these observations with other immunocytochemical reports indicates that the cellular distribution of CuZn SOD varies between different species. PMID- 3894499 TI - Postfixation detergent treatment for immunofluorescence suppresses localization of some integral membrane proteins. AB - Immunofluorescence microscopy of cultured animal cells is often performed after detergent permeabilization of formaldehyde-fixed cellular membranes so that antibodies may have access to intracellular antigens. A comparison was made of the ability of several detergents, after formaldehyde fixation, to affect localization of intracellular proteins or to permeabilize different organelles to antibodies. Saponin, a detergent-like molecule that can permeabilize cholesterol containing membranes, was also used. Four monoclonal antibodies were found to have a bright, discrete fluorescence localization with saponin alone, but were almost undetectable when the cells were treated with nonionic detergents such as Triton X-100 or NP-40. These immunoglobulin G antibodies included two against lysosomal membrane glycoproteins, one against an integral membrane protein found in the plasma membrane and endocytic vesicles, and one against a membrane protein in the endoplasmic reticulum and the nuclear envelope. However, antigens localized in mitochondria and the nucleus required the use of a detergent such as Triton X-100 for their detection. The detection of a number of other membrane or cytoplasmic proteins was unaffected by Triton X-100 treatment. It was concluded that nonionic detergents such as Triton X-100 cause artifactual loss of detection of some membrane proteins, and saponin is a favorable alternative reagent for immunofluorescence detection of intracellular membrane antigens in many organelles. PMID- 3894500 TI - Resolution of diaminobenzidine for the detection of horseradish peroxidase on surfaces of cultured cells. AB - The resolution of indirect immunoperoxidase methods for localizing antigens on the surface of plasma membranes of cultured cells was tested using dissociated monolayer cultures of ciliary ganglion neurons prelabeled with cationic ferritin. Clusters of ferritin were produced on the cell surface by warming the cells to 37 degrees C after the ferritin, rabbit anti-ferritin, and goat anti-rabbit immunoglobulin coupled to horseradish peroxidase had all been applied. Intense 3,3'-diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride (DAB) staining was limited to the regions immediately surrounding the ferritin clusters. The lateral spread of the DAB reaction product beyond the outer ferritin particles in each cluster averaged 54-81 nm in four experiments. A second type of increased density, coinciding with the thickness of the plasma membrane, was also seen. These stained plasma membranes extended 161-339 nm from the ferritin clusters. PMID- 3894501 TI - A trinitrophenyl(TNP)-poly-L-lysine-horseradish peroxidase conjugate for the detection of anti-TNP antibodies in vivo. AB - A new conjugate for the detection of anti-trinitrophenyl(TNP) antibodies was developed to study the localization pattern of specific antibody containing cells and extracellular antibody in vivo. By means of a bridging molecule, poly-L lysine, nine TNP groups and six horseradish peroxidase (HRP) groups were joined in one conjugate. Thus a higher specificity (more hapten) was united with a higher staining intensity (more enzyme) in the same conjugate. This conjugate made possible the simultaneous detection of anti-TNP antibody containing cells and establishment of their class (immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG). It was also used for the demonstration of anti-TNP antibodies in tissues where a TNP-alkaline phosphate (AP) conjugate could not be used due to high AP (endogenous) background staining. Thus we demonstrated anti-TNP antibody containing cells in gut associated lymphoid tissue and anti-TNP-(TNP-ovalbumin) immune complexes in the glomeruli of the kidney. We suggest that poly-L-lysine is a suitable bridging molecule for the preparation of hapten-HRP conjugates. PMID- 3894502 TI - Formaldehyde fixation. PMID- 3894503 TI - Semiquantitative immunohistochemical evaluation of H-antigen expression in human ureters of different ABO- and Lewis types. AB - A study was undertaken to obtain baseline information for future studies of H antigen expression in urothelial tumors. The influence of ABO- and Lewis genes on H-antigen expression in human ureters was investigated. Thirty two ureters of different ABO- and Lewis types were stained by the Tween 20-modified immunoperoxidase staining technique using Ulex europaeus agglutinin I (32 cases) and two monoclonal anti-H antibodies (10 cases). Ureters from A and AB individuals were also stained using monoclonal anti-A and Dolichos biflorus agglutinin (14 cases). The H-antigen expression in endothelium of all cases and in urothelium of Lea-b+ and Lea-b- individuals was correlated to ABO blood type. H antigen was never detected in urothelium of Lea+b- individuals. Endothelial H antigen expression was not influenced by the Lewis types. In A and AB individuals, urothelial and endothelial H- and A-antigen and Dolichos biflorus reactivities were mainly insignificantly related, with correlation coefficients ranging numerically from 0.10 to 0.72. The study stresses the importance of relating blood group antigen H expression in urothelial tumors to the ABO-, Lewis, and secretors types of the individual. PMID- 3894504 TI - Histamine-containing peripheral neuronal and endocrine systems. AB - An immunohistochemical method was developed to detect histamine in tissues. The aim of this study was to reveal the cellular stores of histamine in the gastrointestinal tract, pituitary, and adrenal gland. Histamine-containing nerve fibers were found in both rat and guinea pig gut. The origin of at least some of these fibers in the rat ileum was the submucous ganglion cell layer. In the rat stomach, numerous enterochromaffin-like cells exhibited histamine immunofluorescence, and endocrine cells in the ileum and jejunum contained histamine. Only mast cells contained histamine in the neurohypophysis. A large number of process-bearing cells in the guinea pig but not in the rat adrenal medulla contained histamine. The study shows that histamine is present in peripheral nerves and endocrine cells in addition to mast cells, and may function as a neurotransmitter or hormone. PMID- 3894505 TI - Immunocytochemical localization of tissue kallikrein in brain ventricular epithelium and hypothalamic cell bodies. AB - A specific monoclonal antibody against rat tissue kallikrein was used as the primary antibody for indirect immunoperoxidase staining of rat hypothalamus. Kallikrein was localized in the epithelial cells (ependyma) lining the third ventricle as well as in cell bodies of arcuate, supraoptic, paraventricular, and ventromedial nuclei. PMID- 3894506 TI - Localization of cholecystokinin immunoreactivity in the human brain with special reference to ontogeny. AB - The cellular localization and regional distribution of peptides of the gastrin/cholecystokinin family was investigated in human fetal, neonatal and adult brains by use of immunohistochemical techniques. It could be revealed that a cholecystokinin-like immunoreactivity is already present in human brain at the 11/12th gestational weeks. With the 19th week a strong increase in number of CCK reactive cells and the reaction intensity is obvious. The data are compared with the distribution pattern of the adult brain. Our data permit to conclude that gastrin/CCK-related material might play roles independent of neurotransmitter functions during early human brain development. PMID- 3894507 TI - Utilization of d-tartaric acid by Salmonella paratyphi B and Salmonella java: comparison of anaerobic plate test, lead acetate test and turbidity test. AB - d-Tartrate dehydrase of Salmonella java is an oxygen-sensitive enzyme active in cultures incubated under the poorly aerated conditions of static culture but not in fully aerated shaken cultures nor on plates incubated aerobically. On plates of d-tartrate minimal agar incubated anaerobically the enzyme or the degradation products of d-tartrate are exported from d-tartrate-positive cells and are available to d-tartrate-negative bacteria. This may give misleading growth results when d-tartrate-positive and d-tartrate-negative strains are tested for growth on the same plate of d-tartrate minimal agar. The lead-acetate test terminated at 24 h, the 24 h turbidity test and the ability to grow on d-tartrate minimal agar within 48 h differentiated 53 S. paratyphi B strains that were negative in each of the three tests from 76 S. java that were positive in each of the tests. An intermediate group of eight strains utilized d-tartrate in Difco bacto-peptone water to give a positive lead acetate reaction at 2 days, were stimulated to a varying degree by d-tartrate in Oxoid peptone water within the same period of incubation and grew poorly on d-tartrate minimal agar. These latter strains may be deficient in a permease controlling uptake of d-tartrate or export of d-tartrate dehydrase. Inability to utilize d-tartrate is unlikely to be the single character accountable for the reputed enhanced pathogenicity of S. paratyphi B when compared with S. java. Indications for the existence of an enzyme, complementary to and mutually exclusive with d-tartrate dehydrase, that has a positive correlation with pathogenicity are discussed. PMID- 3894508 TI - Escherichia coli in retail processed food. AB - Four thousand two hundred and forty six samples of retail processed food were examined for the presence of Escherichia coli. Overall 12% of samples contained this organism, cakes and confectionery being more frequently contaminated (28%) than meat and meat based products (9%). Contamination was more frequent in the summer months than in the colder weather and 27% of the contaminated foods contained greater than 10(3) E. coli/g. E. coli from meat and meat based products were more commonly resistant to one or more antibiotics (14%) than were confectionery strains (1%). The significance of these findings in relation to the E. coli population of the human bowel is discussed. PMID- 3894509 TI - The weak immunogenicity of Fusobacterium necrophorum. AB - Three of four extreme methods of immunization completely failed to protect mice against challenge with the homologous strain of Fusobacterium necrophorum. Unsuccessful vaccines included (1) broth culture killed by mild heat and emulsified with Freund's complete adjuvant, and (2) a homogenate of heavily infected mouse brains, inactivated by mild heat and given in two doses. Also unsuccessful as a method of immunization was the production of a severe subcutaneous infection with F. necrophorum, followed by curative treatment with metronidazole. Slight but significant protection against subcutaneous challenge resulted, however, from two such infections given in rapid succession. It would appear that the main virulence factors of F. necrophorum are only weakly immunogenic, and the experiments give little encouragement to the prospect of an effective necrobacillosis vaccine. PMID- 3894510 TI - Salmonellas in Danish pigs: a comparison of three isolation methods. AB - Caecal samples from 350 Danish bacon pigs were investigated for salmonella using three methods of isolation. (1) Direct inoculation of 1 g of faeces into 10 ml of Muller-Kaufmann medium (MK medium) with addition of 0.3% Teepol 610 and subculture on Brilliant Green lactose sucrose phenol-red agar (BLSF agar) with 0.3% Teepol 610. (2) Pre-enrichment of 5 g of faeces into buffered peptone water with addition of 1% Teepol 610 followed by enrichment of 1 ml in 10 ml MK medium with 1% Teepol 610 and subculture on BLSF agar with 0.3% Teepol. (3) Incubation of 0.1 ml of the pre-enrichment (2) into 10 ml Rappaport-Vassiliadis medium (RV 10 medium) incubated at 43 degrees C, subculture on BLSF agar. The MK media with and without pre-enrichment yielded higher findings than the RV 10 media. In total, 28 (8%) of the pigs were found positive, representing 11 (7.4%) of a total of 142 herds investigated. Lymph glands were collected at a later date from six of the positive herds. Five of the herds were found positive. The number of salmonellas in the glands was low, probably less than ten per gram. PMID- 3894511 TI - The effects of oxytetracycline on the intestinal Escherichia coli flora of newly weaned pigs. AB - Four recently weaned pigs were dosed orally with oxytetracycline. This caused a rapid increase in the incidence of tetracycline resistance (TcR) among Escherichia coli isolates from the faecal flora. The isolates were differentiated further on the basis of O-serogroup, biotype and resistance pattern. There was no evidence that the administration of the antibiotic selected for a few TcR clones, but rather a relatively large number of TcR strains were identified during the dosing period. Using selective isolation media a proportion of these strains were demonstrated in the minority faecal Esch. coli flora before dosing, while the remainder were recognized for the first time after dosing commenced. The incidence of TcR among Esch. coli isolates also increased after weaning in other pigs which were not dosed with oxytetracycline or any other antibacterial agent. In a proportion of these animals this increase was associated with the dominance of a TcR enteropathogenic serotype (0149:K 91, K 88a, c) in the faecal Esch. coli flora which was probably ingested in small numbers before weaning. The source of other TcR strains was probably the environment in which each pig was placed after weaning. PMID- 3894512 TI - I. I. Mechnikoff's contribution to immunology. AB - I. I. Mechnikoff's contribution to various aspects of immunology is evaluated. The 25 years' struggle of this scientist for the existence of phagocytosis theory is briefly described. Works of I. I. Mechnikoff dealing with several factors of humoral immunity and cytotoxins are reviewed. The significance of I. I. Mechnikoff's studies providing analysis of immune processes in the phylogenetic sense as well as his ideas about the nervous system role in immunity processes is stressed. PMID- 3894513 TI - Depressor effects of captopril in DOCA-salt hypertensive rats: role of vasopressin. AB - Oral administration of the angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitor captopril produced a substantial reduction of blood pressure in DOCA-salt hypertensive rats. After oral administration of captopril (30 mg/kg), mean blood pressure decreased from 172 +/- 11 to 148 +/- 9 mmHg (P less than 0.01) in one hour and its antihypertensive effects lasted for the next seven hours. Plasma vasopressin levels showed a marked elevation in DOCA-salt hypertensive rats compared with control values (22 +/- 5 versus 5 +/- 3 pg/ml). This increase in vasopressin was significantly reduced by captopril from 25 +/- 5 to 8 +/- 6 pg/ml. In addition, whole body vascular reactivity to norepinephrine was examined. Responsiveness was at first attenuated but returned to control value in spite of reduction of both plasma vasopressin and blood pressure. Thus, captopril reduces blood pressure in DOCA-salt hypertensive rats and the fall in blood pressure is accompanied by reduction of plasma vasopressin and attenuation of vascular reactivity. PMID- 3894514 TI - The site of angiotensin production. PMID- 3894515 TI - Sodium restriction lowers high blood pressure through a decreased response of the renin system--direct evidence using saralasin. AB - Twenty-nine patients with essential hypertension were studied while on their normal diets, on the 5th day of a high sodium diet (around 350 mmol/day) and on the 5th day of a low sodium diet (10 mmol/day). The fall in mean arterial pressure on changing from the high sodium to the low sodium diet was 9.0 +/- 1.6 mmHg and the rise in the plasma renin activity in the same period was 2.52 +/- 0.41 ng/ml/h, these two variables being significantly correlated (r = -0.45; P less than 0.02). An infusion of saralasin was given on the 5th day of the low sodium diet. A highly significant negative correlation was found between the fall in blood pressure on sodium restriction and the change in blood pressure with saralasin (r = -0.52; P less than 0.005); this correlation was still significant when corrected for the severity of the hypertension (r = -0.41; P = 0.03) while it became non-significant if controlled for plasma renin activity on the low sodium diet (r = -033; NS). These results provide direct evidence that the fall in blood pressure which is seen on reducing sodium intake in many patients with essential hypertension is, at least in part, directly mediated by the reactivity of the renin angiotensin system. PMID- 3894516 TI - Exchangeable sodium in DOC-salt and post-DOC-salt hypertension in rats. AB - Eighteen male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a sodium-free diet and given NaCl (154 mmol/l) labelled with 22Na (37 Bq/l [1 microCi/l]) to drink. Following equilibration, each had a unilateral nephrectomy; 10 days later the animals started a series of 10 injections of deoxycorticosterone (12.5 mg twice-weekly for 5 weeks). Thereafter the animals were split into two groups, one to continue with DOC injections and diet as previously (DOC-salt), the other to stop DOC injections and continue a sodium-free diet and labelled saline of lower concentration (89 mmol/l) (post-DOC). During the period of DOC injections to both groups, blood pressure and exchangeable sodium rose significantly and were significantly correlated. In the post-DOC group, hypertension persisted and was not significantly different from that in the DOC-salt group. However, in the post DOC-salt group, exchangeable sodium fell to levels similar to those found in uninephrectomized control animals of similar age which had never been given DOC or a high salt intake and had never been hypertensive. Thus an expanded sodium space does not contribute to maintenance of hypertension in the post-DOC-salt model. PMID- 3894517 TI - Regional circulations in experimental coarctation of the aorta in conscious dogs. AB - Regional blood flows were measured with radioactive microspheres in 35 conscious dogs at various times (between 1 h and 28 days) after creation of a stenosis of the descending thoracic aorta. Mean arterial pressure increased moderately proximal to the stenosis. Distally, arterial pressure decreased below control values immediately after stenosis, then returned gradually toward preconstriction values over 28 days. Plasma renin activity increased sixfold, after aortic constriction of 1 and 6 h, and remained significantly elevated for four days. Blood volume did not change significantly. In some of the vascular beds exposed to the elevated proximal pressure, significant increases in blood flow were noted in the early stages, mainly in the myocardium, the brain, the skeletal muscles and the bones. After 28 days, however, blood flows were significantly reduced in most tissues exposed to the proximal pressure. At this stage, vascular conductance was significantly decreased in the myocardium, the brain, the muscles, the skin and the bones as compared with a sham-operated control group. Several vascular beds perfused by the distal arterial pressure also showed a significant fall in flow after 28 days, notably the small intestine, the skin, the skeletal muscles and the bones. At that stage, vascular conductance was decreased in the small intestine, the muscles, the skin and the bones. Thus, aortic coarctation in dogs was characterized by a late generalized increase in vascular resistance extending to tissues which were never exposed to increased arterial pressure nor to an increased blood flow. These findings suggest that a systemic vasoconstrictor influence overrides local mechanisms in the control of regional circulations in coarctation hypertension. PMID- 3894518 TI - Lymphokine-activated killer cells are generated before classical cytotoxic T lymphocytes after bone marrow transplantation in mice. AB - Lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells are demonstrable within 2 wk after syngeneic or allogeneic (H-2-compatible) bone marrow transplantation in mice. Classical cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) are not active until at least 4 wk after transplant. Both LAK cells and CTL bear the Thy-1 marker and do not possess the murine natural killer cell marker asialo GM. PMID- 3894520 TI - Studies on macrophage-activating factor (MAF) in antitumor immune responses. I. Tumor-specific Lyt-1+2- T cells are required for producing MAF able to generate cytolytic as well as cytostatic macrophages. AB - In the present study we investigated some of the cellular mechanisms for the generation of macrophage-activating factor(s) (MAF) in immune responses to tumor antigens. C3H/HeN mice were immunized to syngeneic MH134 hepatoma or MCH-1-A1 fibrosarcoma by intradermal inoculation of viable tumor cells, followed by the surgical resection of the tumor. Spleen and lymph node cells from these tumor immune mice were stimulated in vitro with the corresponding tumor cells, and supernatant from such a culture was tested for an ability to activate macrophages to exert their cytostatic and cytolytic activities as detected on tumor cells unrelated to immunizing tumors. Peritoneal adherent cells as a macrophage source, which were preincubated with supernatant from co-culture of tumor-unimmunized normal spleen and lymph node cells plus tumor cells, failed to exhibit any significant antitumor effect on unrelated X5563 tumor cells, whereas the addition of supernatant from cultures containing immune lymphocytes to adherent cells resulted in appreciably potent cytostatic and cytolytic effects on X5563 tumor cells, indicating the generation of MAF in culture supernatant. The activation of tumor-immune spleen and lymph node cells for MAF generation was tumor-specific, because anti-MH134- and anti-MCH-1-A1-immune lymphocytes produced MAF by the stimulation with the respective but not with the other alternative tumor cells. Such MAF production was abolished by treatment of tumor-immune spleen and lymph node cells with anti-Thy-1.2 or anti-Lyt-1.1 but not with anti-Lyt-2.1 antibody plus complement before culturing. These results indicate that the tumor-specific Lyt-1+2- T cell subset has a crucial role in generating MAF by which an adherent cell population as a source of macrophages acquires the potential for inducing a cytolytic as well as a cytostatic effect on tumor cells. PMID- 3894519 TI - Isolation and characterization of My23, a myeloid cell-derived antigen reactive with the monoclonal antibody AML-2-23. AB - In this study, we describe the isolation and characterization of My23, a human myeloid antigen defined by the monoclonal antibody (MoAb) AML-2-23. Cells of the HL-60 human promyelocytic cell line, when cultured in the presence of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 (calcitriol), express a surface protein of approximately 50 to 55 kilodaltons (Kd) which was immunoprecipitated with the AML-2-23 MoAb. Furthermore, after 2 days of exposure to calcitriol, HL-60 cells began to release My23 into culture medium, as determined by the ability of culture supernatant from these cells to block the binding of AML-2-23 to myeloid cells. My23 release was almost totally inhibited by incubation of cells at 4 degrees C, and was partially blocked by treatment of cells with cycloheximide or tunicamycin. The culture supernatant blocking factor, soluble My23, was identified as a 45 to 50 Kd protein by Western blot/immune overlay, using AML-2-23 and an 125I-labeled second antibody. My23, which was affinity-purified from culture supernatant, retained the ability to block AML-2-23 binding to myeloid cells. The affinity purified antigen migrated on SDS-PAGE as a diffuse band in the m.w. range of 44 to 52 Kd. On treatment with endoglycosidase, the apparent m.w. of My23 decreased to approximately 40,000, indicating the presence of carbohydrate residues on My23. Serum from mice immunized with the purified antigen reacted with the same spectrum of myeloid cells as AML-2-23 MoAb, reacted with the My23 soluble protein in immunoblots, and competed with AML-2-23 for binding to myeloid cells. Binding of this antiserum to myeloid cells was blocked by cell supernatant from both monocytes and calcitriol-treated HL-60 cells, suggesting, along with results from m.w. determinations of the two preparations, that the soluble and cell surface forms of My23 are similar. Moreover, based on our finding that human plasma specifically inhibits the binding of AML-2-23 to myeloid cells, My23 may also be released in vivo. The enhanced expression of My23 on activated and more mature myeloid cells and its shedding or secretion by these cells is consistent with a functional role for My23. PMID- 3894521 TI - Immunodetection of cell-bound antigens using both mouse and human monoclonal antibodies. AB - A micro enzyme-linked immunoassay (EIA) has been developed for the rapid and sensitive detection of either human or mouse monoclonal antibodies reactive with cell bound antigens. Whole intact cells are immobilized onto 96-well flat bottom microtiter plates by drying in an oven at 37 degrees C overnight prior to the start of the assay. This method of attachment was suitable for all cell types tested, regardless of origin, size and chromosomal content. The dried cells were then rehydrated, incubated with the appropriate test hybridoma supernatant, followed with subsequent analysis by EIA. The plates can be stored at 4 degrees C up to 1 month for future EIA analysis. This assay offers high sensitivity, requires only small amounts of target cells and test hybridoma supernatant, and can be completed within 3 h. This EIA is well suited for the rapid screening of large numbers of hybridoma supernatants and can also be adapted to include cells of any species, providing the appropriate antibody reagents are available. PMID- 3894522 TI - Polyclonal induction of immunoglobulin synthesis by feline leukocytes as identified in a reverse hemolytic plaque assay. AB - Optimal conditions of culture and assay for identification of feline immunoglobulin-secreting mononuclear cells were determined for the staphylococcal protein A-reverse hemolytic plaque assay (SpA-RHPA). Hemolytic plaques were most distinct and numerous when peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated with 6.9 micrograms/ml pokeweed mitogen for 7 days. Immunoglobulin-secreting cells were identified morphologically within a zone of hemolysis utilizing a 1:5 dilution of rabbit anti-cat IgG and a 1:30 dilution of guinea pig complement as developing reagents. The SpA-RHPA system should contribute to an understanding of normal feline T- and B-lymphocyte interactions and will likely aid in the identification and understanding of immune cell dysfunctions associated with chronic feline leukemia virus infection. PMID- 3894523 TI - A procedure for isolation and partial purification of guinea pig lung mast cells. AB - Pulmonary mast cells were obtained from guinea pig lung using a combination of enzymatic digestion of tissue, centrifugal elutriation, and density gradient centrifugation on Percoll. In the initial procedure, lung tissue was enzymatically digested with collagenase and elastase in four 30 min incubations. Typically, monodispersed cell suspensions contained 4% mast cells. Further purification of these lung mast cells using elutriation and Percoll gradients consistently yielded mast cells of 40-78% (mean 51%) purity. These cells were morphologically intact, viable and found to be functional as determined by histamine release evoked by antigen and anti-guinea pig IgG1 antibody. PMID- 3894524 TI - Intracellular killing of Candida albicans by human polymorphonuclear leucocytes: comparison of three methods of assessment. AB - Three different methods, [3H]uridine uptake, viable count and 51Cr-release were used to assess the intracellular survival of a strain of Candida albicans, 19321, which was lethal for mice injected intravenously. Intracellular survival 1 h after ingestion ranged from 50 to 80% depending on the method employed and the detergent used to lyse the phagocytes. Inhibition of uridine uptake by detergents used to lyse the phagocytes led to difficulty in assessment of intracellular killing by this method. PMID- 3894525 TI - Spreading and enhanced motility of human keratinocytes on fibronectin. AB - Soluble human plasma fibronectin or collagen types I or IV, when preincubated with tissue culture plastic dishes, were effective spreading agents for cultured human keratinocytes and increased spreading in a time-and concentration-dependent manner. Spreading on fibronectin, but not on type IV collagen, was inhibited by antifibronectin; therefore, the contribution of fibronectin to the spreading activity of the natural matrix produced by keratinocytes could not be determined using antifibronectin. Fibronectin mediated spreading at both high (1.1 mM) and low (0.1 mM) Ca++ concentrations, and spreading was not altered by cycloheximide. Insoluble fibronectin deposited by keratinocytes correlated with phagokinetic tracks on particulate gold salts, and added fibronectin, as well as type I collagen and type IV collagen, enhanced motility of keratinocytes. These studies show that production of fibronectin and responsiveness to it are similar in fibroblasts and keratinocytes and demonstrate that fibronectin can act as a matrix factor for keratinocytes. PMID- 3894526 TI - Autologous bone marrow transplant meeting. Parma, Italy, July 8-11, 1985. Abstracts. PMID- 3894527 TI - [Left atrial myxoma growing into the right atrium with two separate lesions in the left atrium--a case report]. PMID- 3894528 TI - [A case of thrombectomy and resection of pannus: surgical treatment of thrombosed Bjork-Shiley aortic valve prosthesis]. PMID- 3894529 TI - [A case of cervico-mediastinal thymic cyst with normal parathyroid tissue in its wall]. PMID- 3894530 TI - [Mechanism of action of cerulenin on fatty acid synthetase and cerulenin resistance in a cerulenin-producing fungus]. PMID- 3894531 TI - [The molecular architecture and the oxygenation function of the giant hemoglobin of earthworm]. PMID- 3894532 TI - Immunohistochemical demonstration of HNK-1-defined antigen in endometrial carcinomas with argyrophil cells. PMID- 3894533 TI - [Recent advances in the diagnosis of fetal heart rate and the detection of fetal movement]. PMID- 3894534 TI - [Early antepartum diagnosis of conjoined thoracopagus twins]. PMID- 3894535 TI - [Immunohistochemical study of carcinoembryonic antigen of the tissue and cell levels in adenocarcinoma of the uterus]. AB - Immunohistochemical staining was performed for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in tissues taken from 41 cases of cervical and 67 cases of endometrial adenocarcinomas. Utilizing this method, smear specimens from 21 cases with cervical and 25 cases with endometrial adenocarcinomas were investigated at the cell level. THE RESULTS: 1) The investigation at the tissue level indicated that CEA staining was positive in 80% of cases of cervical adenocarcinoma. On the other hand, the positive rate was as low as 55% of the endometrial adenocarcinoma cases. It further declined to 35% when limited to pure adenocarcinoma without squamous elements. In addition, a difference was recognized between the cervical and endometrial groups in their localization. It was apparent that while even the cytoplasm in most of the cervical adenocarcinoma appeared to be markedly stained, such a tendency was observed and was weak in only a part of the cell membrane in the endometrial adenocarcinoma cases. 2) The studies with smear specimens indicated that while 57% (13/21) of the cervical adenocarcinoma cases were CEA positive, only 12% (3/25) were positive in endometrial adenocarcinoma cases. Therefore, a difference was recognized between the two at the cell level in their CEA staining characteristics. 3) Our observation revealed that CEA was more prominent in the poorly differentiated type than in the well differentiated one, in both cervical and endometrial adenocarcinoma. This seems to indicate a relationship between the histological differentiation and production of CEA. On the basis of the above findings, it was inferred that although both cervical and endometrial adenocarcinoma occur in the common Mullerian duct organ, they might have different biological characteristics.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3894536 TI - [Clinical significance of tumor associated antigen TA-4 in gynecologic tumors]. AB - Serum levels of TA-4, a tumor associated antigen of cervical squamous cell carcinoma, were measured in various gynecologic tumors with a RIA kit (DAINABOT). Immunohistochemical localization of TA-4 was also evaluated in the squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix. Serum TA-4 levels were elevated in 8.3% of patients with CIS, in 25% with stage Ia, in 56% with stage Ib, in 83% with stage II, in 75% with stage III and IV and in 100% with recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix, respectively. No patients were positive for TA-4 in endometrial and ovarian cancers. Serum TA-4 levels declined distinctively after treatment in accordance with the disappearance of initial tumors in some patients with advanced carcinoma. TA-4 was demonstrated immunohistochemically in 2 out of 8 CIS, 3 out of 8 microinvasive carcinoma, 4 out of 4 keratinizing type, 7 out of 7 large cell type and 3 out of 6 small cell type of invasive squamous cell carcinoma, respectively. In each type of carcinoma, TA-4 was positive in the differentiated cells. Similarly, it was found in the differentiated layers of normal squamous epithelium excluding the immature cells of the basal layer. PMID- 3894537 TI - [Studies on incidence and characterization of antibodies to zona pellucida (Z.P.) in human sera]. AB - Incidence and characterization of antibodies to zona pellucida (Z.P.) in human sera were studied and the following results were obtained. Some human sera showed positive immunofluorescent staining of porcine Z.P. after absorption with porcine red blood cells, liver and kidney. The incidence of immunofluorescence positive sera in infertile women was not significantly different from pregnant women and healthy men after absorption with porcine red blood cells, liver and kidney. Among sixteen sera with positive staining of porcine Z.P. after absorption, only two showed positive staining of human oocytes. The gammaglobulin fraction from the above two sera also stained human Z.P. but neither precipitated on the surface of Z.P. nor blocked human spermatozoa to penetrate into Z.P. of human oocytes. There was no correlation between the incidences of antibody to porcine Z.P. and of sperm immobilizing antibody in human sera. Some human sera blocked monoclonal antibodies to porcine Z.P. with different specificities to bind the solubilized porcine Z.P. antigens in an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The incidences of the positive sera were not significantly different among the groups of infertile women, pregnant women and healthy men. These results clearly indicate that anti Z.P. antibodies detected by the immunofluorescent staining of porcine Z.P. had no correlation with infertility. The presence of such antibodies, even in the sera of men, suggests that they might be the antibodies produced to some foreign antigens cross-reactive to porcine Z. P. but not autoantibodies produced to human Z.P. PMID- 3894538 TI - Changes in circulating antibody levels to the major phenolic glycolipid during erythema nodosum leprosum in leprosy patients. AB - Circulating antibody levels to the phenolic glycolipid from Mycobacterium leprae and soluble M. leprae antigens were monitored before, during and following ENL episodes in 12 patients. It was observed that during ENL reaction, there was a fall in circulating antibody levels to the phenolic glycolipid but not to the soluble antigens from M. leprae. When the patients had recovered from their ENL reactions, the anti-glycolipid antibody levels usually increased again to levels similar to those observed before the ENL reaction. PMID- 3894539 TI - Phagocytic and bactericidal activities of macrophages from Mycobacterium leprae infected normal and immunosuppressed mice. AB - Phagocytic and bactericidal activities were studied in Mycobacterium leprae infected normal (NI) and thymectomized/irradiated (TRI) mice at different time periods. No significant differences were seen in the phagocytic activity for Staphylococcus aureus at 3, 6, and 9 months in the normal infected (NI) and normal control (NC) mice. A slight but significant decrease in the phagocytosis of S. aureus was seen in the TRI as compared to the NI group at 3 months which recovered at 6 months. Phagocytosis of sheep erythrocytes was depressed in the TRI as compared to the NI group at 6 months only. No significant differences in the phagocytosis of latex particles were seen in any of the groups at any time of infection. Bactericidal activity was significantly reduced in the NI group as compared to the NC group and, similarly, in the TRI group as compared to the TRC group at all periods of infection. The M. leprae-infected T/R 900 group (TRI) showed more decrease in bactericidal activity when compared to the normal infected (NI) group. PMID- 3894540 TI - Electron microscopic findings of transverse fission of M. leprae by freeze etching methods. AB - The structures of multiplication by transverse fission found in the lepromas and livers of nude mice and nine-banded armadillos inoculated with Mycobacterium leprae isolated from human lepromas, a nine-banded armadillo with naturally acquired leprosy-like disease, and a nine-banded armadillo inoculated with M. leprae isolated from the mangabey monkey with naturally acquired leprosy infection are described. The images of multiplication by transverse fission of M. leprae were almost always found inside the phagolysosomes of lepra cells. At the time of multiplication by transverse fission, band structures were observed generally at both sides of the fission line. According to these results, multiplication of M. leprae by transverse fission is done inside the phagolysosomes of lepra cells of nude mice and nine-banded armadillos. PMID- 3894541 TI - Understanding of leprosy in ancient China. PMID- 3894542 TI - An unusual case of untreated polar lepromatous leprosy associated with rare M. leprae. PMID- 3894543 TI - [Central neuronal mechanisms responsible for pattern generation of masticatory movements]. PMID- 3894544 TI - [Tissue response of the interparietal suture to tensile stimulus in vitro--light and electron microscopic observations]. PMID- 3894545 TI - [Effects of unfit crowns on gingival margins]. PMID- 3894546 TI - [Ultrasonic tomography in prosthodontics]. PMID- 3894547 TI - [Tissue reaction of interparietal suture to mechanical stimulation]. PMID- 3894548 TI - [Biofeedback training and preventive dentistry]. PMID- 3894549 TI - [Oncogenes of yeasts]. PMID- 3894550 TI - An association between ureaplasma urealyticum and endomyometritis after cesarean section. PMID- 3894551 TI - Transdermal scopolamine for peripheral vertigo (a double-blind study). AB - Transdermal scopolamine medication has been evaluated in 30 cases of acute peripheral vertigo. The double blind study revealed favourable effects, e.g. in Meniere's disease. The best compromise between effect and side-effects was one active medication patch. The side-effects were those described for scopolamine, such as blurred vision and dryness of the mouth. Transdermal scopolamine seems to offer an alternative form of medication in acute peripheral vertigo. PMID- 3894552 TI - Memory processes in reading disabled children. PMID- 3894553 TI - Retrospective DOSAK Study on carcinomas of the oral cavity: results and consequences. AB - In a multicentre, retrospective observational study on carcinomas of the oral cavity, including the lips and oropharynx, data material of 1021 patients has been analysed. The specific goals of this study were: Review of existing proposals for classification. Analysis of prognostically relevant factors of the tumour disease. Construction of a prognostic index for the determination of individual and collective prognoses. The following results were achieved: ad 1: All existing TNM-Classifications of oral cavity carcinomas so far fail to meet the requirements of the necessary criteria. ad 2: The multivariate analyses of prognostically relevant factors were performed with and without taking therapeutic factors into account. The results show unequivocally that reliable prognoses are only possible if various treatment modalities are considered. ad 3: This led to the construction of the treatment-dependent prognostic index TPI, which will be eligible for use in clinical-therapeutic cancer research and in clinical practice. PMID- 3894554 TI - Piroxicam in treatment of acute gout high dose versus low dose. PMID- 3894555 TI - Evaluation of miconazole in vaginal gelatin capsules as a topical treatment for vaginal candidosis. PMID- 3894556 TI - Adult respiratory distress syndrome: experience at Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok. A retrospective analysis of 50 cases. PMID- 3894557 TI - Effect of restriction of placental growth on the concentrations of insulin, glucose and placental lactogen in the plasma of sheep. AB - The effect of restricting placental growth on maternal glucose, insulin and placental lactogen was investigated in 16 ewes carrying singleton lambs. Uterine caruncles were removed from seven ewes (caruncle ewes) before pregnancy, resulting in reduced placental size and retarded intra-uterine fetal growth. The concentration of insulin in maternal plasma was similar in both control and caruncle ewes. The concentration of glucose was significantly higher in the caruncle than in the control ewes (3.26 +/- 0.15 (S.E.M.) mmol/l, number of observations (n) = 9, vs 2.75 +/- 0.1, n = 9, P less than 0.02, and 3.27 +/- 0.16, n = 7, vs 2.46 +/- 0.11, n = 12, P less than 0.001, for the carotid artery and utero-ovarian vein respectively). The concentration of ovine placental lactogen (oPL) in the utero-ovarian vein was reduced in the caruncle compared with the control ewes (283 +/- 65 micrograms/l, n = 8, and 705 +/- 106 micrograms/l, n = 18, P less than 0.02, respectively). Restriction of placental growth by removal of endometrial caruncles similarly reduced the concentrations of oPL in maternal arterial plasma (231 +/- 54 micrograms/l, n = 9, and 621 +/- 96 micrograms/l, n = 18, P less than 0.002). Production of oPL by the placenta was also reduced by limiting placental growth to 30 +/- 11 micrograms/min, n = 8, compared with 133 +/- 43 micrograms/min, n = 15, P less than 0.05, for the controls. Production of oPL per gram of placenta in the caruncle group, although only 34% of the control value, was not reduced significantly.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3894558 TI - Prolactin permits the expression of a circadian variation in lipogenic responsiveness to insulin in hepatocytes of the golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus). AB - Lipogenesis was determined at two times (07.00 and 16.00 h) during a 14-h daily photoperiod (08.00-22.00 h) in freshly prepared hamster hepatocytes with or without addition of insulin. The hamsters were pretreated for 5 days with bromocriptine (to inhibit prolactin secretion), bromocriptine and prolactin replacement, or control saline injections. Lipogenesis was determined by incorporation of [14C]acetate into total cell lipids over a 30-min interval. Lipogenesis was three times greater at 07.00 than at 16.00 h and insulin was effective in stimulating further lipogenesis only at 07.00 h. Bromocriptine pretreatment severely reduced incorporation of radiolabel at 07.00 h to levels comparable with controls at 16.00 h and completely inhibited the stimulatory effect of insulin at 07.00 h. Prolactin replacement in bromocriptine-treated hamsters reversed the inhibitory effect of bromocriptine on hepatocyte lipogenesis and promoted dramatic lipogenic responses to insulin at 07.00 h. These results indicate that insulin stimulates hepatic lipogenesis only during some portion of a day and that prolactin facilitates the lipogenic response. PMID- 3894559 TI - The role of microfilaments in the priming effect of LH-releasing hormone: an ultrastructural study using cytochalasin B. AB - We have investigated the possibility that microfilaments are involved in the priming effect of LH-releasing hormone (LHRH) by ultrastructural morphometry of hemipituitary glands from adult female mice. Glands incubated for 2 consecutive hours with 8.5 nmol LHRH/l responded with a marked increase in the amount of LH released into the medium during the second hour compared with the first hour of incubation. This priming effect of LHRH on LH secretion was accompanied by a significant margination of secretory granules and a drop in the total granule content of the gonadotrophs. Although the number of microfilaments remained the same, there was an increase in their length and a change in orientation so that the angle between the microfilaments and the plasmalemma was significantly reduced after both the first and second hour of exposure of LHRH. The addition of 14.3 mumol cytochalasin B/1 to the incubation medium significantly increased the amount of LH released in the first hour of incubation when compared with the amount of LH released by LHRH alone, but completely abolished the priming effect of LHRH. Cytochalasin B also prevented the LHRH-induced increase in the length and the change in orientation of the microfilaments. These results indicate that LHRH priming involves an increase in length of microfilaments and a change in their orientation relative to the plasmalemma. PMID- 3894560 TI - Effects of cortisol and progesterone on insulin binding and lipogenesis in adipocytes from normal and diabetic rats. AB - Cortisol implants in normal and diabetic rats reduced body weight, adiposity, insulin receptor concentration and both basal and insulin-stimulated rates of lipogenesis in isolated adipocytes, whilst insulin sensitivity was unchanged. In normal but not diabetic rats these changes were accompanied by increased serum glucose and insulin concentrations. In contrast, progesterone implants in normal and diabetic rats increased body weight gain, adiposity, insulin receptor concentration and both basal and insulin-stimulated rates of lipogenesis in adipose tissue, again without affecting insulin sensitivity. Progesterone did not affect serum insulin concentrations in normal or diabetic rats but accelerated the decline in serum glucose concentrations which occurred during an overnight fast in diabetic rats. The results suggest that cortisol inhibits lipogenesis in adipose tissue without affecting insulin sensitivity, cortisol reduces insulin binding in adipose tissue without a requirement for hyperinsulinaemia, which might itself indirectly lead to down-regulation of the insulin receptor, and in diabetic rats progesterone stimulates lipogenesis in adipose tissue without any increase in food intake or serum insulin concentrations suggesting that progesterone may have a direct anabolic role in adipose tissue. PMID- 3894561 TI - The role of observing and attention in establishing stimulus control. AB - Early theorists (Skinner, Spence) interpreted discrimination learning in terms of the strengthening of the response to one stimulus and its weakening to the other. But this analysis does not account for the increasing independence of the two performances as training continues or for increases in control by dimensions of a stimulus other than the one used in training. Correlation of stimuli with different densities of reinforcement produces an increase in the behavior necessary to observe them, and greater observing of and attending to the relevant stimuli may account for the increase in control by these stimuli. The observing analysis also encompasses errorless training, and the selective nature of observing explains the feature-positive effect and the relatively shallow gradients of generalization generated by negative discriminative stimuli. The effectiveness of the observing analysis in handling these special cases adds to the converging lines of evidence supporting its integrative power and thus its validity. PMID- 3894563 TI - Evidence for a regulatory idiotypic network in the in vivo response to H-2 antigens. AB - Treatment of BALB/c mice with purified pig antiidiotype to 11-4.1 (anti-H-2Kk) monoclonal antibody has been found previously to induce the appearance of idiotype-bearing molecules (Id') in the serum of these mice, in the absence of detectable antigen-binding activity. In the present study we examined the effect of subsequent immunization of such antiidiotype-primed mice with the original H 2Kk antigen. Skin grafting of virgin BALB/c mice with BALB.K skin did not generate any detectable Id' antibodies when tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In contrast, grafting of antiidiotype-primed mice with BALB.K skin specifically boosted ther serum level of Id' molecules. Challenge of antiidiotype primed mice with either B10.D2 or rat skin had no effect on the production of such Id' molecules. Absorption studies demonstrated that the majority of Id' molecules induced by H-2Kk antigenic stimulus and detected in ELISA are antigen nonbinding molecules, thus indicating specific restimulation by the original H 2Kk antigen of nonbinding idiotype-positive B cell clones. The relevance of these findings to the existence of network interactions in the immune response to H-2 antigens is discussed. PMID- 3894562 TI - Structure of a gene encoding a murine thymus leukemia antigen, and organization of Tla genes in the BALB/c mouse. AB - We have determined the DNA sequence of a gene encoding a thymus leukemia (TL) antigen in the BALB/c mouse, and have more definitively mapped the cloned BALB/c Tla-region class I gene clusters. Analysis of the sequence shows that the Tla gene is less closely related to the H-2 genes than H-2 genes are to one another or to a Qa-2,3-region genes. The Tla gene, 17.3A, contains an apparent gene conversion. Comparison of the BALB/c Tla genes with those from C57BL shows that BALB/c has more Tla-region class I genes, and that one of the genes absent in C57BL is gene 17.3A. PMID- 3894564 TI - Localization of the ring-infected erythrocyte surface antigen (RESA) of Plasmodium falciparum in merozoites and ring-infected erythrocytes. AB - Immunoelectron microscopy with protein A gold has been used to determine the subcellular location of the ring-infected erythrocyte surface antigen (RESA) of Plasmodium falciparum. RESA was associated with dense vesicles presumed to be micronemes within merozoites. RESA was not detected on the surface of merozoites but was located at the membrane of erythrocytes infected with ring-stage parasites. RESA within merozoites was largely soluble in the nonionic detergent Triton X-100, but was insoluble in this detergent when associated with the erythrocyte membrane. PMID- 3894565 TI - Changes in plasma amino acids during the oral glucose tolerance test and the effect of these changes on hepatic encephalopathy. AB - Changes in amino acid concentrations in plasma during a 100 g oral glucose tolerance test were investigated in patients with liver cirrhosis and in healthy controls. In the controls, almost all amino acid concentrations reached a nadir about 3 hours after glucose loading, then returned to initial levels after 6 hours. Immunoreactive insulin levels reached a peak about 30 minutes after loading, then decreased gradually, reaching initial levels after 6 hours. In the controls, the decrease ratios, defined as maximum decrease during the 3 hours after loading/initial concentration in plasma, were 0.607 and 0.554 for isoleucine (Ile) and leucine (Leu) respectively and 0.382 for valine (Val) which is significantly lower than for Ile or Leu. A similar tendency was recognized in patients with liver cirrhosis. The initial concentration of tyrosine (Tyr) and phenylalanine (Phe) in liver cirrhosis was significantly higher and their decrease ratios were significantly lower than in controls. Though no difference was observed between initial concentrations of tryptophan (Trp) in controls and liver cirrhosis patients, the decrease ratio of Trp in liver cirrhosis was lower (0.061) than that of controls (0.279) (p less than 0.001). The value, t-Trp/BCAA + AAA, i.e. total Trp concentration (mmol/l)/concentration (mmol/l) of branched chain amino acids (BCAA, Ile + Leu + Val) plus aromatic amino acids (AAA, Tyr + Phe), which is known to correlate with the brain Trp concentration of rats (Fernstrom, J. D. & Wurtman, R. J. (1972) Science 178, 414-416), changed significantly from 9.6 +/- 2.4 (mean +/- 1 SD) at the initiation to 12.9 +/- 3.3 at 3 hours after loading in controls (p less than 0.001), and in liver cirrhosis it changed from 10.3 +/- 1.9 to 15.8 +/- 3.1 (p less than 0.001). PMID- 3894566 TI - Communicating with the grieving family. AB - The physician, skilled in facilitating communication, can help the family of a terminally ill patient cope with stress. Lowering stress levels can reduce the risk of permanent psychological and physical damage to surviving members. This article illustrates appropriate interview techniques in five common stress areas: (1) social unacceptability of presenting symptoms and of death itself; (2) helplessness, anger, and guilt; (3) sexual feelings and expectations; (4) specific preparation for death; and (5) bereavement and grief after death. The physician's investment of modest amounts of time in direct care and in building ancillary resources can result in a significant service to grieving families. PMID- 3894567 TI - Comparative study of sectioned and whole tooth specimens in histological preparation. PMID- 3894568 TI - [The stereotactic thalamotomy in parkinsonism]. PMID- 3894569 TI - Extracellular polymer of Candida albicans: isolation, analysis and role in adhesion. AB - Extracellular polymeric material (EP) was isolated from culture supernatants of Candida albicans grown on carbon sources (50 mM-glucose, 500 mM-sucrose or 500 mM galactose) known to promote yeast adhesion to different extents. Galactose-grown yeasts, which are the most adherent, produced more EP than sucrose-grown organisms, particularly after incubation for 5 d, while glucose-grown yeasts (the least adherent) gave the lowest yield. EP produced on all three carbon sources was of similar composition and contained carbohydrate (65 to 82%; mannose with some glucose), protein (7%), phosphorus (0.5%) and glucosamine (1.5%). Serological studies indicated that these EP preparations were immunologically identical but that galactose-grown yeasts had more antigenic determinants than sucrose-grown organisms while glucose-grown yeasts had the fewest determinants. Antigenic differences were apparent between EP preparations of some strains of C. albicans. Pretreatment of acrylic strips with EP to form a polymeric coating promoted yeast adhesion to the acrylic surface, but similar pretreatment of buccal epithelial cells with EP inhibited subsequent yeast adhesion. These results indicate that EP originates from the cell surface of C. albicans and that it contains the surface component(s), probably mannoprotein in nature, responsible for yeast adhesion. PMID- 3894570 TI - Killing of yeast, germ-tube and mycelial forms of Candida albicans by murine effectors as measured by a radiolabel release microassay. AB - Candida albicans undergoes yeast to mycelial conversion under both in vivo and in vitro conditions but the relative pathogenicity of the two forms of growth is still unknown. By adapting a recently developed 51Cr radiolabel release assay, we have quantified the killing ability of different murine effector cell populations for the hyphal form of C. albicans. Up to 50% of specific 51Cr release from the mycelial form could be detected after incubation for only 1 h, with no requirement for opsonization, provided that appropriate effector: target cell ratios were used. The specific 51Cr release correlated well with viability, as assessed by dye exclusion tests, and with pathogenicity potential in cyclophosphamide-immunodepressed mice. Comparison of the activity of different murine effectors against yeast and hyphal forms showed that hyphal forms were killed by murine effectors to a similar, if not greater, extent than yeast forms. In particular, thioglycollate-induced murine polymorphonuclear neutrophils were able to kill hyphal cells extracellularly and without an opsonic requirement. PMID- 3894571 TI - Mercuric reductase enzymes from Streptomyces species and group B Streptococcus. AB - Mercury volatilization (Hg2+ reductase) activity has been found with Hg2+ resistant isolates of three Streptomyces species and with three Hg2+-resistant strains of group B Streptococcus from clinical sources in Japan. Hg2+ reductase activities in crude cell extracts showed the temperature sensitivity, the requirement for an added thiol compound and the characteristic dependence on NAD(P)H cofactors of similar enzymes isolated from other bacteria. PMID- 3894572 TI - A comparison of phospholipase activity, cellular adherence and pathogenicity of yeasts. AB - Phospholipase A and lysophospholipase activities were measured in the culture fluid and in the blastospores of Candida albicans. When phospholipase activity was measured in six yeasts (four strains of C. albicans and a single strain each of Candida parapsilosis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae) a correlation was found between this activity and two potential parameters of pathogenicity. The C. albicans isolates which adhered most strongly to buccal epithelial cells and were most pathogenic in mice had the highest phospholipase activities. Non-pathogenic yeasts, including C. albicans isolates which did not adhere and did not kill mice, had lower phospholipase activities. PMID- 3894573 TI - The effects of wall populations on coexistence of bacteria in the liquid phase of chemostat cultures. AB - We have examined the effects of wall populations on coexistence between strains of Escherichia coli in the liquid phase of mixed (two-strain) chemostats. The wall populations of the two competing strains became established soon after the start of the cultures and, although the relative abundance of the strains in the liquid phase could change over time by several orders of magnitude, the composition of an established wall population did not change markedly. The bacterial strains examined could not displace an established wall population of a competing strain. The presence of a permanent wall population allowed a strain that was less fit in the liquid phase to coexist with a superior strain. The resulting coexistence did not require that the inferior strain attached to the vessel wall better than the superior strain. We believe that the coexistence developed because the inferior strain survived and reproduced on the vessel wall. The progeny from that wall population then provided replacements for the bacteria that the inferior strain lost through a selective disadvantage in the liquid phase of the culture. By replacing the chemostat vessel, hence eliminating the wall populations, we could distinguish between cases where the coexistence depended on the presence of a wall population and where it resulted from some alternative mechanism. PMID- 3894574 TI - High frequency transduction by phage hybrids between coliphage phi 80 and Salmonella phage P22. AB - phi 80immP22dis, a hybrid between phi 80 and P22, carries all the late genes of phi 80 and most of the P22 early region including the immC and immI bipartite immunity loci. The presence of the immI region allows this hybrid to grow on lysogens of phi 80immP22 hybrids which have the immC locus, but not the immI locus. In addition to these P22 immunity regions, phi 80immP22dis contains the P22 att marker so that the prophage can be inserted into the chromosomal P22 attachment site adjacent to the proA-proB region of the host. Unlike its phi 80 parent which performs specialized transduction of the trp region, phi 80immP22dis transduces markers located adjacent to its attachment site to Escherichia coli K12 recipients at high frequencies (0.3% for argF and 0.18% for proA). Induction of phi 80immP22dis lysogens yields new hybrid phage clones which have incorporated E. coli K12 chromosomal segments in place of the P22 immI to att segment. Having lost the immI region, the new hybrids no longer grow in phi 80immP22 lysogens. These new hybrids, termed phi 80immP22dis-, possess specialized transducing properties, transferring the argF and proA markers at higher frequencies (21% for argF and 12% for proA) than previously obtained with the phi 80immP22dis phage. PMID- 3894575 TI - Quantification of respiratory syncytial virus polypeptides in nasal secretions by monoclonal antibodies. AB - An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) which uses monoclonal antibody as solid-phase immunosorbent was developed to measure specific polypeptides of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). The assay was used to examine 43 nasopharyngeal (NP) aspirates from RSV-positive infants that had been examined previously for RSV by culture, direct immunofluorescence, and polyclonal antibody ELISA. Frozen NP aspirates were serially diluted and examined for the 66K mol. wt. fusion glycoprotein (F), the 84K large surface glycoprotein (G) and the 41K nucleoprotein (N) by monoclonal capture ELISA. F protein was detected in all 43 specimens, G protein was detectable in 20 (47%) and N protein in 22 (51%) of 43 NP aspirates. In specimens with detectable G and N proteins, F was detected by endpoint titration at approximately tenfold greater dilutions than either G or N. In 19 sequential NP aspirates from five patients with RSV infection, F was present in higher titre throughout infection. In 20 cases, matching cell culture isolates were examined by immunofluorescence with strain-specific monoclonal antibodies. Three of 20 isolates showed strain-specific differences by their lack of reaction with anti-G monoclonal antibody. Titration of the 20 cell culture isolates by monoclonal antibody capture ELISA showed the relative amount of F and N proteins to be equal in all cases, whereas levels of G protein tended to be slightly lower. Reconstruction experiments with NP aspirates demonstrated that degradation of F and N proteins did not occur in NP aspirates, but that G protein antigenicity appeared to be affected by nasal secretions. When compared with cell culture-grown material, nasal secretions contained abundant F protein but a surprisingly low concentration of N protein. PMID- 3894576 TI - [Prenatal diagnosis of fetal malformations in women at specific genetic risk: retrospective analysis of 32 cases]. AB - A retrospective analysis of 33 pregnancies with specific risk of an hereditary malformative pathology is presented. In these cases we have made an echographic diagnosis with careful chronology consequent the data from personal and familial anamnesis. The echographic and clinical diagnoses and the results of pregnancies are presented. PMID- 3894577 TI - [Prenatal diagnosis of triploidy. I. Echographic, clinical and anatomic studies]. AB - Three cases of triploidy have been diagnosed prenatally on ultrasonography and clinical features. A morphological and histological study of both foetus and placenta is made. The cases and a review of live-born triploid infants published in the literature allow a description of some characteristic malformations. Possibilities of triploid pregnancy recognition are discussed. PMID- 3894578 TI - [The place of prenatal diagnosis in genetic counseling (1982-1983)]. AB - 34.2% of couples seen during the years 1982 and 1983 for genetic counselling had some kind of familial anamnesis such as affected partner or relative or children. They could have benefit from prenatal diagnosis who would have been accurate informative twice on three times. Indications methods and accuracy are studied in consideration to the reason of referring and the level of the risk. Genetic counselling and prenatal diagnosis appear as preventive means adapted to each consultant. Otherwise systematic ultrasonography allows a true prevention from which 17.6% of the couples having give birth to affected children could have benefit. PMID- 3894579 TI - Treatment fails test of time. PMID- 3894580 TI - Dr. Cupp's simple approach to weight loss. PMID- 3894581 TI - Personality and psychophysiological variables in abusive, neglectful, and low income control mothers. AB - This study was designed to systematically investigate personality, psychophysiological, and cognitive appraisal variables in three groups of mothers, i.e., abusive (N = 14), neglectful (N = 13), and low-income control (N = 15). All subjects completed a Mini-Mult, the Repression-Sensitization Scale, the Group Embedded Figures Test, the Multiple Affect Adjective Checklist, and the Socialization scale of the California Psychological Inventory. They listened to an audiotape sequence of white noise, tone, and infant's cry sounds while cardiovascular and skin resistance measures were recorded. The mothers also rated six dimensions of the infant's cry on a semantic differential. The three groups of mothers differed on a variety of personality variables, e.g., on F, Depression (D), Psychopathic Deviate (Pd), Psychasthenia (Pt), and Schizophrenia (Sc) from the Mini-Mult, on their cognitive appraisal of the infant's cry, and on skin resistance measures. A combination of personality, psychophysiological, and cry rating variables was entered in a discriminant analysis that was successful in discriminating 80% of the subjects. The two significant discriminant functions were defined primarily by the Pd scale and a cognitive appraisal measure. PMID- 3894582 TI - Dopamine-receptor agonists: mechanisms underlying autoreceptor selectivity. I. Review of the evidence. AB - The behavioural, biochemical, neuroendocrinological and electrophysiological actions of the enantiomers of the dopamine (DA) analogue 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-N-n propylpiperidine, 3-PPP, are extensively reviewed. (+)-3-PPP acts in a fashion similar to classical direct-acting DA agonists, stimulating both DA autoreceptors and postsynaptic DA receptors, although in some situations the drug appears to exhibit partial agonist activity. (-)-3-PPP exerts a variety of actions in different pharmacological models. Either agonistic, antagonistic or both agonistic and antagonistic activity are observed depending on the anatomical location of the relevant DA receptors and the experimental conditions. The actions of transdihydrolisuride (TDHL) and the trans-fused 7-OH 1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,10b-octahydrobenzo(f)quinoline (HW 165) are also discussed. These agents possess a similar spectrum of action to (-)-3-PPP suggesting a new generation of DA agonists which exhibit variable intrinsic activity at different DA receptors. Finally, evidence is presented indicating that the 3-PPP enantiomers display selectivity for DA receptors. PMID- 3894583 TI - The effect of ovine pineal compounds prepared under red or green light on the activity of male rat anterior pituitaries in vitro. AB - A high molecular weight fraction XM100R (MW A 100,000) was prepared by ultrafiltration from ovine pineals using two different extraction methods under red light conditions (lambda greater than 600 nm). This fraction stimulates the release of radioimmunologically active luteinizing hormone (LH) of anterior pituitaries in vitro. The ultrafiltration fraction PM30R (MW greater than 30,000 and less than 100,000) was found to be radioimmunologically active only when the "Bensinger" extraction procedure was applied. However, when comparable fractions were prepared under green light and incubated with half-pituitaries, all the incubation media of the ultrafiltrated fractions, XM100R, PM30R, PM10R (MW greater than 10,000 and less than 30,000) UM2R (MW greater than 1000 and less than 10,000), UM05R (MW greater than 500 and less than 1000) and UM05F (MW greater than 500), reacted with anti-LH. This may mean that under green light conditions the high molecular weight ovine pineal compounds in XM100R are disintegrated and/or split up into small molecules which can stimulate the release of LH, or crossreact with the anti-LH serum. PMID- 3894584 TI - Is there evidence that chemotherapy is of benefit to patients with carcinoma of the prostate? AB - Most patients with metastatic carcinoma of the prostate have osteoblastic bone metastases and nonmeasurable pelvic disease. These features cause patients to be at high risk for myelosuppression after cytotoxic chemotherapy and make it difficult to evaluate response to treatment. A critical review of larger trials that have sought to assess the role of chemotherapy in treatment of carcinoma of the prostate leads to the following conclusions: (1) Although the aim of treatment is palliation, most trials have tried to evaluate tumor response rather than the more appropriate endpoints of quality and quantity of survival for all treated patients. (2) Criteria that have been used for tumor response are variable and contain large inherent errors; most patients who are labeled as "responders" are described as being "objectively stable," but this category may be a manifestation of slowly progressive disease rather than a response to treatment. (3) There is no evidence that chemotherapy causes a meaningful prolongation of survival. (4) Chemotherapy adds considerable toxicity, and reported trials have not adequately assessed its overall impact on quality of life. Because of these factors there is little evidence that chemotherapy provides palliation for patients with prostatic carcinoma, and it should not be regarded as part of standard management. Selected patients who are symptomatic and no longer responding to hormones may be considered for trials of chemotherapy. Future trials should randomize patients to chemotherapy or supportive care, with assessment of quality and quantity of survival for all randomized patients by an observer who is unaware of the treatment. PMID- 3894585 TI - Current status of chemotherapy for advanced pancreatic and gastric cancer. AB - There is currently no effective systemic therapy for advanced pancreatic cancer. No definitive controlled data exist that demonstrate a survival benefit for any particular regimen yet developed. A statistically significant short-term survival benefit has been seen in three consecutive GITSG trials using the FAMe regimen in patients with advanced gastric cancer. Occasional long-term responders have been seen with a variety of regimens, but there is no evidence of improved long-term (more than two years) disease-free survival with any regimen reported to date. Continuing research with emphasis on new drug development, innovative alterations in chemotherapy combinations and administration schedules, or entirely new treatment strategies, are clearly required to allow the clinical investigator and the clinical practitioner to achieve their common goal--improved long-term survival for patients with advanced pancreatic and gastric cancer. PMID- 3894586 TI - Intraperitoneal chemotherapy with high-dose cisplatin and cytosine arabinoside for refractory ovarian carcinoma and other malignancies principally involving the peritoneal cavity. AB - Sixty-two patients with refractory ovarian carcinoma or other malignancies principally confined to the peritoneal cavity were treated with an intraperitoneal combination chemotherapy regimen consisting of cisplatin (100 mg/m2 or 200 mg/m2) and cytosine arabinoside (4 X 10(-3) mol/L or 10(-2) mol/L). Sodium thiosulfate was simultaneously administered intravenously (IV) to protect against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. Sixteen of 52 evaluable patients demonstrated evidence of a clinical response including 14 (36%) of 39 with refractory ovarian carcinoma. Systemic toxicity was not severe except for cisplatin-induced emesis and a single episode of major renal insufficiency. Dose limiting toxicity was bone marrow suppression with cytosine arabinoside administered at 10(-2) mol/L. We conclude that combination intraperitoneal therapy with high-dose cisplatin and cytosine arbinoside can be safely administered with objective tumor responses observed in patients with ovarian carcinoma refractory to front-line chemotherapy and in occassional individuals with other malignancies principally confined to the peritoneal cavity. PMID- 3894587 TI - Comparison of CAF versus CMFP in metastatic breast cancer: analysis of prognostic factors. AB - One hundred fifty-five eligible women with metastatic breast cancer were randomly allocated to receive monthly cycles of either CMFP (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil, prednisone) or CAF (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, 5-fluorouracil), and 12 patients were studied to evaluate the effects of additional Corynebacterium parvum immunotherapy. Overall response rates of 53% were seen with CMFP and CAF. CAF was associated with significantly more complete responses than CMFP (17% v 5%). However, CAF therapy was administered for eight months and CMFP for six months. Only 13% of the CAF patients had a complete response during the first six months of chemotherapy, and this was not significantly different from the complete response rate on CMFP. The median response durations (CMFP, 6.3 months; CAF, 11.0 months), times to treatment failure (CMFP, 5.7 months; CAF, 7.8 months), and survival times (CMFP, 15.8 months; CAF, 18.6 months) were not statistically different. Other investigators who have compared CAF to CMF-containing regimens have reported a large advantage in CAF therapy among patients with "good risk" sites of metastases (local regional recurrence, bone, lung nodules). Such a finding was not confirmed by our study: in multivariate analyses the groups associated with an advantage for CAF tended to have a poorer prognosis than the groups associated with an advantage for CMFP. There was significantly more nausea and vomiting after CAF treatment, and CMFP treatment was associated with significantly more edema, Cushingoid features, fever, and eye symptoms. PMID- 3894588 TI - High-dose cytosine arabinoside therapy with and without anthracycline antibiotics for remission reinduction of acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia. AB - Seventy-eight patients with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia in relapse were treated with high-dose cytosine arabinoside (3 g/m2 intravenously (IV) every 12 hours for 12 doses) alone, or with three days of anthracycline antibiotics (doxorubicin 20 mg/m2 or daunorubicin 30 mg/m2 IV daily) after completing the course of cytosine arabinoside. Consolidation and maintenance therapy was not given. When anthracyclines were added there was no increase in frequency or severity of nonhematologic toxicity including conjunctivitis, photophobia, dermatitis, cerebellar dysfunction, and gastrointestinal disturbance. All 78 patients achieved aplasia of the bone marrow. Five patients in each group died before bone marrow recovery. The use of anthracyclines did not prolong bone marrow recovery, with both groups demonstrating adequate granulocyte and platelet counts about four weeks after beginning treatment. Forty-one (53%) of the total 78 patients achieved a complete remission. In patients not clinically resistant to conventional-dose cytosine arabinoside, both regimens were equally effective inducing a complete remission (high-dose cytosine arabinoside alone, 12/19 [63%]; with anthracycline, 11/17 [65%], P = .270); in patients clinically resistant, the regimen including anthracycline was superior (15/27 [56%] v 3/15 [20%], P = .022). The duration of unmaintained response was similar (median, five months), but the longest remissions occurred when anthracyclines were used. Thus, high dose cytosine arabinoside is effective in producing remissions in relapsed patients with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia, and the addition of an anthracycline enhances this effect. PMID- 3894590 TI - Adjuvant chemotherapy. PMID- 3894589 TI - Randomized trial of three cisplatin dose schedules in squamous-cell carcinoma of the cervix: a Gynecologic Oncology Group study. AB - The Gynecologic Oncology Group has conducted a randomized prospective trial comparing cisplatin 50 mg/m2 every 21 days (regimen 1), 100 mg/m2 every 21 days (regimen 2), and cisplatin 20 mg/m2 for five consecutive days repeated every 21 days (regimen 3). Four hundred ninety-seven evaluable patients have been accrued on this study. The response rates were 20.7%, 31.4%, and 25.0%, for regimens 1, 2, and 3, respectively; the complete remission rates were 10.0%, 12.7%, and 8.6% for regimens 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The median duration of response ranged from 3.9 to 4.8 months, the median progression-free interval from 3.7 to 4.6 months, and the median survival time from 6.1 to 7.1 months. The difference in response rates for regimens 1 and 2 is statistically significant (P = .015) but less than the magnitude originally considered clinically significant. The differences in complete remission rates, response duration, progression-free interval, and survival times are not statistically significant. The following types of toxicity were observed: serum creatinine level greater than 2 mg/dL and/or BUN level greater than 40 mg/dL was 7%, 14%, and 17% on regimens 1, 2, and 3, respectively; leukocyte count less than 4,000/microL was 27%, 44%, and 41% on regimens 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Nausea and vomiting occurred in 74 patients (83%). The regimen consisting of a 100-mg/m2 single dose has produced a statistically significant higher response rate than the 50 mg/m2 regimen while producing no appreciable differences in complete remission rate, response duration, progression-free interval, or survival. In addition, the higher dose regimen was associated with greater myelosuppression and nephrotoxicity. PMID- 3894591 TI - Insulin promotes electrical coupling between cultured sympathetic neurons. AB - Placing neurons in tissue culture is one way to study how environmental factors affect their differentiation. Replacement of serum-supplementation of the culture medium with defined ingredients extends the experimenter's control of the culture environment; however it also introduces additional potential influences. In this report, we confirm the observation of Higgins and Burton (Higgins, D., and H. Burton (1982) Neuroscience 7:2241-2253) of increased frequency of electrical coupling in serum-free compared to serum-supplemented cultures of rat sympathetic neurons. In addition, experiments were performed to determine whether this effect results from the removal of serum or from the addition of the defined medium components to the culture environment. The results of testing individual ingredients of the defined medium recipe adapted for use on sympathetic neurons (Bottenstein, J.E., and G. H. Sato (1979) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 76:514 517) show that insulin is capable of inducing electrical coupling in serum-free cultures. Thus, the formation of electrical synapses by sympathetic neurons can be hormonally regulated. PMID- 3894592 TI - Biochemical and immunocytological localization of molluscan small cardioactive peptides in the nervous system of Aplysia californica. AB - High pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) followed by bioassay on isolated snail hearts were used to locate two related peptides, termed small cardioactive peptides A and B (SCPA and SCPB) in each of the central ganglia of Aplysia. The peptides are most concentrated in the buccal ganglia, the ganglia involved in the control of feeding movements. Immunocytology with antisera raised to conjugated SCPB stained three groups of neurons in the buccal ganglia. One group consisted of relatively small neurons that were tightly clustered. The second group was comprised of larger neurons that were more scattered. The third group was made up of several neurons including the two largest in the ganglia, identified cells B1 and B2. B1 and B2 and other neurons in this group innervate the gut by way of the esophageal nerve. HPLC-bioassay of single, individually dissected B1 or B2 neurons demonstrated that the two peptides are present in a single cell. For B2, but not B1, choline injected into the cell body was converted to the conventional transmitter, acetylcholine. This indicates that, in addition to the two peptides, B2 also contains choline acetyltransferase, and raises the possibility that acetylcholine and the SCPs may act as co-transmitters in B2. Strong immunocytological staining of fibers and varicosities was observed in the neuropilar region of the cerebral, pleural, pedal, and abdominal ganglia. In addition to the buccal ganglia, immunoreactive neurons were observed in all of the other central ganglia. The high concentration of the SCPs and the relatively large number of immunoreactive neurons in the buccal ganglion suggest a particularly important role of these peptides specifically in feeding behavior. However, the widespread occurrence of the SCPs in fibers and neuronal cell bodies throughout the nervous system suggests that these peptides also may have additional behavioral functions in Aplysia. PMID- 3894593 TI - Characterization of GABAergic neurons in cerebellar primary cultures and selective neurotoxic effects of a serum fraction. AB - The morphological and functional differentiation of GABAergic interneurons present in cerebellar primary cultures has been examined by means of [3H]gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) autoradiography and [3H]GABA depolarization-evoked release. At 2 days in vitro these neurons showed scarce accumulation of radioactivity and no Ca2+-dependent K+-evoked or veratridine-induced release of [3H]GABA. At 5 days in vitro GABAergic interneurons appeared more intensely labeled and had grown out long and often branched neuritic processes; a large Ca2+-dependent release of [3H] GABA could be evoked by high K+. At later stages the progressive increase in labeling and branching of the neuritic processes was paralleled by a further increase in the amount and Ca2+ dependence of [3H]GABA release; a tetrodotoxin-sensitive, veratridine-stimulated release was also demonstrated. The [3H]GABA-accumulating stellate astrocytes present in the culture were not responsible for the observed release of the amino acid. GABAergic neurons were also identified by indirect immunofluorescence, using antibodies to the specific marker glutamic acid decarboxylase. Total renewal of the culture medium at 7 days in vitro caused a drastic (90%) reduction in the number of GABAergic neurons and a concomitant decrease in the amount of [3H]GABA uptake and release in the cultures. The disappearance of GABAergic neurons was caused by a low molecular weight (Mr less than 1000) fraction of the serum used to supplement the basal culture medium. This serum component did not significantly influence the survival of the major neuronal population of the culture (the granule cells) and appeared to be selectively toxic for GABAergic neurons only after they had reached a quite advanced degree of morphological and functional differentiation in vitro. The toxic activity was no longer present in neuronal or glial conditioned media. PMID- 3894594 TI - Astrocytes in culture synthesize and secrete a variant form of fibronectin. AB - Astrocytes in culture have very little cell surface fibronectin as detected by iodination or immunocytochemistry. Nonetheless, they synthesize and secrete this glycoprotein in amounts comparable with the production by fibroblasts. Astrocyte fibronectin has properties in common with other forms of the protein. It binds to gelatin- and heparin-coupled Sepharose and it is recognized by specific anti fibronectin sera. It also exists as a dimer under non-reducing conditions. However, by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), astrocyte fibronectin appears larger, under both reduced and non-reduced conditions, than other cellular fibronectins. This apparent size difference is not the result of post-translational modifications. If the cultures are treated with tunicamycin, the astrocytes produce fibronectin that is unglycosylated, as shown by [3H]glucosamine labeling, and is neither sulfated nor phosphorylated as indicated by [35S]O4 and [32P]O4 labeling studies. This astrocyte-derived, carbohydrate-free fibronectin resolves on SDS-PAGE as four bands, of which the heavier ones predominate. Fibroblasts produce a similar set of four bands, but in this form of fibronectin the less heavy bands predominate. Thus, we conclude that fibronectin is a major secreted protein of astrocytes in vitro and that these cells produce a variant form of the protein which is enriched in the higher molecular weight subunits. PMID- 3894595 TI - Sensory and motor responses to deep brain stimulation. Correlation with anatomical structures. AB - Motor and sensory responses induced by trial stimulation were examined before stereotaxically implanting a permanent stimulating electrode for pain relief in 11 patients with intractable pain of central origin. The total number of points eliciting a response when stimulated was 70. The points of stimulation were determined as exactly as possible from Schaltenbrand and Bailey's Atlas. Motor responses were detected upon stimulating 21 points, the majority of which were in the posterior third of the posterior limb of the internal capsule (IC). Stimulation of these 21 points was accompanied by pain relief in only two points (10%). Warm (22) or cool sensations (three) were provoked in the most posteromedial portion of the posterior limb of the IC, nucleus reticularis pulvinaris, and area triangularis, and seven (28%) of these 25 sensations were accompanied by pain relief. A burning sensation was found upon stimulation of 12 points, with stimulation in the mesencephalic lateral tegmental field eliciting the most severe burning pain. A tingling sensation was elicited at 12 points, in a distribution similar to that of the warm sensation. Five (42%) of these 12 points provided pain relief. The best stimulating point for pain relief is not in the center of the posterior limb of the IC, directly lateral to the posterior commissure, but rather in its most posteromedial part; that is, at the nucleus reticularis pulvinaris or area triangularis. PMID- 3894596 TI - From space exploration to utilization of the space perspective, environment, and materials. The 1985 Harvey Cushing oration. AB - As a planetary geologist, the author has analyzed results of the various space missions. Based upon this knowledge, he examines the benefits for mankind to be derived from exploration of the solar system. Findings from Venus and Mars have a bearing on Earth's history and geological make-up and climate. Plans to utilize the Moon's minerals and gases are being considered, and the possibility of capturing asteroids as a source of materials has been suggested. The author expresses the hope of peaceful cooperation in space among the major industrialized nations. PMID- 3894597 TI - A phase I trial of naloxone treatment in acute spinal cord injury. AB - Results of a Phase I trial of the opiate antagonist naloxone for treatment of patients with acute spinal cord injury are reported. Naloxone was administered in doses ranging from 5 to 200 mg/sq m (0.14 to 5.4 mg/kg) for up to 48 hours. The patients ranged in age from 16 to 79 years (mean 37 years). Twenty patients received naloxone as a loading dose of 5 to 50 mg/sq m (0.14 to 1.43 mg/kg), followed by a maintenance dose of 20% of the loading dose given as a continuous infusion hourly for 47 hours (Group 1). Nine patients received a loading dose of 100 to 200 mg/sq m (2.7 to 5.4 mg/kg) and a maintenance dose of 75% of the initial dose hourly for 23 hours (Group 2). These higher doses (2.7 to 5.4 mg/kg) have been found to be effective in experimental spinal cord injury. Neurological examinations were performed and somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP's) were obtained as soon after admission as possible and again 1, 2, 3, and 7 days, 3 weeks, and 6 weeks to 6 months after admission. The 20 Group 1 patients who received 1.43 mg/kg or less of naloxone showed no improvement in neurological status or SEP's. All but three (15%) of these patients had a complete neurological deficit at the time of admission. Treatment was begun an average of 12.9 hours after injury. Among the nine Group 2 patients treated with 2.7 mg/kg or more, there were five patients (56%) with incomplete deficits. This group received naloxone an average of 6.6 hours after admission. Two of the five Group 2 patients with incomplete lesions showed improvement in their neurological condition and/or SEP's within 36 hours of receiving the drug. One of the four Group 2 patients with a complete lesion at the time of admission was able to localize pressure sensation in his legs 36 hours after completion of the drug infusion. Four Group 2 patients (two with complete and two with incomplete lesions) have shown improvement in their SEP's, suggesting recovery of SEP's in a dose-related fashion. Four patients experienced increased pain after administration of the loading dose and during the maintenance infusion; in only one patient was this severe enough to require discontinuation of the drug. Of the 29 patients treated with naloxone, four died within 6 weeks of admission, for a mortality rate of 13.8%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3894599 TI - The human tail: a benign stigma. Case report. AB - Thirty-three cases of true human tails have been reported in the modern English literature. A new case is described and its radiological and pathological features are presented. A review of the literature and analysis of the pathological characteristics of this interesting lumbosacral stigma indicate that the true human tail is a benign condition not associated with any underlying cord malformation. PMID- 3894598 TI - Use of intrathecal morphine for postoperative pain relief following lumbar spine surgery. AB - A randomized prospective double-blind trial of intrathecal morphine for postoperative pain relief following lumbar spine surgery is described. Intrathecal morphine significantly reduced the mean pain score in the postoperative period (p less than 0.01) and there was a corresponding significant reduction in the need for additional postoperative analgesia (p less than 0.05). The possible mechanism of action of intrathecal morphine and the potential advantages of this technique are discussed. Possible side effects are also considered, and caution is urged until wider experience has been obtained. PMID- 3894600 TI - JONA's semiannual directory of consultants to nursing administration. PMID- 3894601 TI - Enhanced uptake of insulin and glucagon by liver in rats adapted to a high protein diet. AB - The regulatory role of the liver with regard to circulating concentrations of insulin and glucagon was investigated in rats adapted to high carbohydrate (HC) or high protein (HP) diets, during the period of maximal nutrient absorption. In rats fed HC diet, high secretion of insulin into portal vein in conjunction with low hepatic uptake elicited systemic hyperinsulinemia. In rats fed HP diet, both insulin and glucagon were secreted in large amounts, but hormone removal by the liver was greater than in rats fed the HC diet. Hepatic fractional extraction was higher for insulin than for glucagon: systemic insulin/glucagon ratio was, therefore, lower than the portal insulin/glucagon ratio. Binding of insulin and glucagon to hepatocyte cell membranes was lower in rats fed HP diet than in those fed the HC diet: this could correspond in vivo to a higher rate of internalization of occupied receptors since affinities of the receptors were unchanged. The results indicate that in rats adapted to HP diets the liver undergoes specific adaptations for regulation of peripheral insulin/glucagon levels, along with its role of target tissue for these hormones. PMID- 3894602 TI - Protein turnover in insulin-treated, alloxan-diabetic lean and obese Zucker rats. AB - Obese and lean Zucker rats were made diabetic by intracardiac injections of alloxan (65-72 mg/kg body weight) and then given daily injections of protamine zinc insulin [1.25 U/(100 g/d)] for 6, 9 and 12 d. Body weight, food intake, plasma glucose and immunoreactive insulin concentrations were not different for lean and obese diabetic rats of similar ages. Rates of increase in carcass protein, mixed muscle protein and myofibrillar protein were less in obese than in lean rats. However, rates of increase for the sarcoplasmic fraction were not different. Fractional rates of synthesis of total muscle protein and myofibrillar protein, as determined by continuous intravenous infusion of [14C]tyrosine, were comparable in the two genotypes. Fractional rate of myofibrillar protein degradation, as determined by urinary 3-methylhistidine excretion, was higher in obese than in lean rats. Differences in calculated absolute rates between genotypes did not parallel differences in the fractional rates, due mainly to a smaller protein mass in obese rats. As a consequence, absolute synthetic rates were lower in obese rats, while absolute degradation rates were similar in the two genotypes. In contrast, rates of liver protein synthesis were similar in obese and lean rats, whether expressed as fractional or absolute rates. These results indicate that decreased protein deposition in the obese animal is a consequence of both an absolute decrease in protein synthesis in muscle as well as a disproportionately elevated protein degradation in muscle. Hyperinsulinemia normally seen in obese rats may be an adaptive response to minimize the impaired balance between protein synthesis and degradation. PMID- 3894603 TI - Historical roots: female nurses and political action. PMID- 3894604 TI - Survey of nursing research in New York State: VII. PMID- 3894605 TI - Genetics and development of the nervous system. PMID- 3894606 TI - The hallucinogenic basis of early Valdivia phase ceramic bowl iconography. PMID- 3894607 TI - Hashish and laughter: historical notes and translations of early French investigations. PMID- 3894608 TI - Clinical efficacy of the RIT 4237 live attenuated bovine rotavirus vaccine in infants vaccinated before a rotavirus epidemic. AB - In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 331 infants aged 6 to 12 months received orally, at an interval of 1 month, either two doses of live attenuated bovine rotavirus vaccine strain RIT 4237 or equivalent placebo. The vaccinations were carried out during September to November, a non-rotavirus season; only three cases of rotavirus diarrhea occurred in the study group before the vaccinations were completed. During the epidemic season from December to May, 31 patients with clinically significant rotavirus diarrhea required therapy. Five of these were among the 168 vaccine recipients, and 26 among the 160 placebo recipients (P less than 0.001), giving a vaccine protection rate of 82%. The incidence of clinically significant diarrhea from all causes was reduced by 76% in the vaccinees. As determined by an enzyme immunoassay antibody test with homologous virus antigen, seroconversion after vaccination was obtained in 53% of the initially seronegative infants. Clinical protection correlated well with seroconversion, but the vaccinees who failed to seroconvert also had less rotavirus diarrhea than the placebo recipients, suggesting that immunity may be mediated by factors other than serum EIA antibody. Seventeen of the 23 rotavirus isolates in the epidemic season that were typed were of serotype 1, two were of serotype 2, and four were of serotype 3. The protection rates against clinically significant diarrhea were 72%, 100%, and 100% for serotypes 1, 2, and 3, respectively. We conclude that epidemic infantile winter diarrhea associated with human rotaviruses can be significantly reduced by vaccination with the live attenuated RIT 4237 bovine rotavirus vaccine before the epidemic season. PMID- 3894609 TI - Confirmatory testing of Rotazyme results in neonates. PMID- 3894610 TI - Prostaglandins in diarrheal disease. PMID- 3894611 TI - Chronic granulomatous disease mimicking Crohn's disease. AB - A 34-month-old boy with intermittent diarrhoea and abdominal distension from 2 months of age, a chronic microabscess of the cheek, gastric antral narrowing, and perianal abscesses containing granulomata was found at colonscopy to have extensive, noncaseating, submucosal ileal and colonic granulomata. He was initially thought to have Crohn's disease, but then developed a cervical abscess, and a diagnosis of chronic granulomatous disease was established. This is an important, although rare, differential diagnosis of chronic inflammatory bowel disease in childhood. PMID- 3894612 TI - The use of projective assessment techniques in pediatric settings. PMID- 3894613 TI - Histologic evaluation of new attachment in humans. A preliminary report. AB - This study was designed to evaluate the potential for regeneration of a new attachment (alveolar bone, cementum and a functional periodontal ligament) in patients whose attachment apparatus had been destroyed by periodontal disease. In each of the three parts of the investigation, the most apical level of calculus on the root served as a histologic reference point to measure regeneration. In Part I, attempts were made to initiate the formation of a new attachment by surgical debridement, crown removal (coronectomy) and submersion of the vital root below the mucosa. Nonsubmerged, surgically debrided defects served as controls. In Part II, debrided intrabony defects were treated with and without demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft and the associated vital roots were submerged. Part III evaluated potential for regeneration of a new attachment in nonsubmerged roots with and without the use of demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft. Gingival grafts were placed over the experimental and control sites in an attempt to retard epithelial migration. Biopsies were obtained in 6 months and regeneration was evaluated histometrically. Preliminary results in 7 patients and 24 intrabony defects indicate that new attachment is possible on pathologically exposed root surfaces in a submerged environment with and without the incorporation of demineralized freeze-dried bone allografts. New attachment was observed on pathologically exposed root surfaces in a nonsubmerged environment when intrabony defects were grafted with demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft. New attachment was not observed on nongrafted, nonsubmerged, defects with and without the placement of gingival grafts over the defects. PMID- 3894614 TI - Covering localized areas of root exposure employing the "envelope" technique. AB - A new method for covering localized areas of root exposure with free connective tissue grafts uses connective tissue obtained from the depth of the hard palate, leaving only a narrow surface defect at the donor site. The graft is positioned directly over the exposed root, but its major part is placed in an "envelope" previously created by an undermining partial thickness incision in the tissues surrounding the defect. In this way, both sides of the graft are in intimate contact with these tissues which offer support and nourishment. Clinical results 2 to 8 months postoperatively are favorable. PMID- 3894615 TI - The regeneration of gingival basement membrane antigens during secondary wound healing. AB - The reformation of basement membrane antigens was examined during healing following gingivectomy procedures. Three antigens, Type IV collagen, bullous pemphigoid antigen and epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA) antigen, were identified by indirect immunofluorescent tests. While all three antigens could be identified in the healing wound within 2 days, the antigens regenerated at different rates. The bullous pemphigoid antigen reformed the earliest and extended furthest along the healing front of epithelium. The Type IV collagen reformed at an intermediate rate and the EBA antigen formed the slowest. These results confirm that these three antigens are different and suggest that the gingival basement membrane is a heterogeneous structure which contains elements that form at different rates during secondary wound healing. PMID- 3894616 TI - Post transplant hypertension. PMID- 3894617 TI - Dialysis of foreign nationals: a new challenge. PMID- 3894618 TI - [Kinetic study of the batroxobin-catalyzed release of fibrinopeptide A from human fibrinogen]. PMID- 3894619 TI - Morphological characterization of the Serratia marcescens bacteriophage SLP. AB - SLP is a lambda-like bacteriophage specific for Serratia marcescens strains. Morphological studies have demonstrated that SLP virions present two cross-bar structures on its tail not described in bacteriophages specific for Enterobacteriaceae. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of major capsid proteins as well as electron micrographs are reported. PMID- 3894620 TI - Thiorphan and analogs: lack of correlation between potency to inhibit "enkephalinase A" in vitro and analgesic potency in vivo. AB - The potencies of the R and S isomers of thiorphan and rigid analogs of thiorphan to produce analgesia in a mouse hot-plate assay have been compared with their potencies to inhibit enkephalin degradation by rat brain "enkephalinase A." The R and S isomers of thiorphan were equipotent as enzyme inhibitors (IC50 approximately 10(-9) M) but had significantly different analgesic profiles when injected i.c.v. Rigid analogs of thiorphan were less potent enzyme inhibitors (IC50 values of 10(-7) - 10(-4) M) but produced analgesia and potentiated Tyr-D Ala-Gly-Phe-Met-NH2 induced analgesia at doses (i.c.v.) comparable to thiorphan. These observations suggest that inhibitors of enkephalinase A produce analgesia through a pharmacological mechanism which is not directly related to inhibition of enkephalin degradation. PMID- 3894621 TI - Effects of subdiaphragmatic vagotomy on energy balance and thermogenesis in the rat. AB - Subdiaphragmatic vagotomy caused chronic gastric distension and hypertrophy, and a reduction in voluntary food intake in rats fed a pelleted stock diet. These effects were minimized by feeding a more digestible semisynthetic diet. Vagotomized rats fed the pelleted diet showed lower rates of oxygen consumption than pair-fed controls, and the rise in metabolic rate (thermic response) following gastric intubation with a carbohydrate meal was diminished. This could be restored to normal by simultaneous injection of insulin. Thermic responses to fat and noradrenaline were normal in the vagotomized group. On the powdered semisynthetic diet, vagotomized rats gained more weight and showed greater efficiency of energy gain than pair-fed controls. The thermic response to a single meal of the semisynthetic diet was depressed in these vagotomized rats, but restored to normal by acute insulin treatment. The activity of the thermogenic proton conductance pathway in brown adipose tissue mitochondria (assessed from purine nucleotide binding) was reduced by vagotomy in animals on both diets, but was restored to normal by chronic insulin treatment, which also slightly raised brown fat activity in sham-operated rats. These results demonstrate that the reduced gastric activity and food intake following vagotomy is dependent on the digestibility and/or composition of the diet. When differences in food intake are abolished by pair feeding, vagotomy reduces thermogenic responses to carbohydrate, probably as a result of impaired insulin release. This may be responsible for the enhanced energetic efficiency and elevated weight and energy gains seen after vagotomy. PMID- 3894622 TI - Urinary sodium excretion and the renin-aldosterone system in new-born calves. AB - Urinary Na+ and K+ excretion, plasma aldosterone levels (PAL) and plasma renin activity (PRA) were measured in three groups of four 3-day-old calves infused with aldosterone, ethacrynic acid and hydrochlorothiazide or with vehicle. Aldosterone infusion (16.7 micrograms/kg body wt. given by rapid injection, followed by the infusion of 33.3 micrograms/kg body wt. during 6 h) decreased urinary Na+ concentration and excretion during the 6 h period of infusion. This effect disappeared during the following 18 h. Ethacrynic acid (2 mg/kg body wt. by rapid injection, followed by the infusion of 1.5 mg/kg body wt..h during 6 h) and hydrochlorothiazide (8 mg/kg body wt. by rapid injection, followed by the infusion of 6 mg/kg body wt..h during 6 h) increased urinary volume and urinary excretion of Na+, but decreased urinary K+ concentration without affecting urinary K+ excretion during the 6 h period of infusion. During the same time, the plasma Na+ concentration decreased, PRA increased rapidly and was followed by a significant rise in PAL. These results demonstrate that in very young healthy calves, the renal tubules are able to respond to aldosterone. The renin aldosterone system is also operative in these animals since it responds to Na+ depletion induced by the combination of diuretics and inhibitors of tubular Na+ reabsorption. PMID- 3894623 TI - Effects of certain metabolites on pancreatic endocrine responses to stimulation of the vagus nerves in conscious calves. AB - The effects of exogenous glucose (0.05 mmol/kg . min) and vamin (0.02 mmol/kg . min) on the pancreatic endocrine responses to stimulation of the peripheral ends of the vagus nerves have been investigated in conscious 3-6-week-old calves with cut splanchnic nerves. Exogenous glucose potentiated both the basal release of insulin and that which occurred in response to vagal stimulation, while inhibiting both the basal release of glucagon and that during vagal stimulation. Vamin significantly inhibited basal release of insulin but not that which occurred during vagal stimulation although it significantly inhibited vagal release of glucagon. The inhibitory effect of exogenous glucose on the basal and vagally stimulated release of pancreatic glucagon were both significantly reduced in the presence of vamin. Neither glucose nor mixed amino acids were found to affect the release of pancreatic polypeptide either at rest or during nerve stimulation. It is concluded that the effects of vagal activity on the alpha- and beta-cells of the islets of Langerhans are normally modified by the existing concentration of both glucose and amino acids in these animals. PMID- 3894624 TI - The role of the sympathetic system in the control of insulin release in response to hyperglycaemia in conscious calves. AB - The effects of the adrenoceptor blocking agents, phentolamine and propranolol, on the release of pancreatic glucagon and insulin in response to exogenous glucose have been investigated in conscious 2--6-week-old calves. There were no significant differences between the changes in mean plasma glucagon or insulin concentration, which occurred in response to hyperglycaemia, in calves pre treated with both propranolol and phentolamine, phentolamine alone and normal calves. However, the rise in mean plasma insulin concentration was effectively abolished by pre-treatment with propranolol alone and there was a small but significant fall in mean plasma glucagon concentration which was not observed in any of the other groups. The results are discussed in relation to previous studies of the role of the autonomic innervation to the endocrine pancreas in the control of insulin release during hyperglycaemia in conscious calves and weaned lambs. PMID- 3894626 TI - Myoelectrical activity and propulsion in the large intestine of fed and fasted rats. AB - Electrical spiking activity of different parts of the colonic wall was studied in relation to the mechanical events in conscious rats fitted with chronically implanted nichrome wire electrodes and miniaturized strain-gauge transducers. The progress of barium sulphate introduced into the caecum and measured radiographically at fixed intervals was used as an index of transit rate of colonic contents in both the fasted and fed state. The basic pattern of colonic myoelectrical activity was characterized by randomly occurring spike bursts at a higher frequency in the proximal (0.9/min) than the distal colon (0.5/min). Their duration in the fasted state, which was shorter in the proximal (5.5 +/- 1.7 s) than the distal colon (12.7 +/- 2.9 s), was similar following a meal. In the fasted state, integrated records showed cyclical periods of more intense electrical activity lasting about 20 and 40 min in the proximal and the distal colon, respectively. The cyclical pattern following a meal occurred at shorter intervals in the different parts of the colon. Conversely, the propulsion of the marker over the whole colon, which lasted 180-200 min, was accelerated by 30% after feeding. Laxatives disrupted these cyclical motor events on the colon, by inducing mass movements which impeded the pellet formation and increased the rate of transit. The cyclical motor activity was also disrupted following the administration of opiate agonists, the rate of transit being decreased and propulsive activity inhibited. The results are consistent with the concept of cyclical motor pattern playing an important part in the control of pellet formation and movement of digestive contents within the colon of the rat. PMID- 3894625 TI - Action and localization of gamma-aminobutyric acid in the cat retina. AB - The effects of iontophoretically applied GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) and bicuculline on retinal ganglion cells were studied in the optically intact eye of the anaesthetized cat. GABA suppressed both the spontaneous activity and light evoked discharge of all retinal ganglion cells, regardless of their type and regardless of the visual stimulus used. Bicuculline antagonized the action of iontophoretically applied GABA. Bicuculline enhanced the spontaneous activity of on-centre cells, but suppressed the spontaneous activity of most off-centre cells. The light-evoked response of on-centre cells was increased by bicuculline. A more complicated picture emerged for off-centre cells. Weak light responses were suppressed by bicuculline, but during strong light responses the initial transient phase of the response was dramatically enhanced. Amacrine cells of the inner nuclear layer and displaced amacrine cells of the ganglion cell layer were labelled, using glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) immunohistochemistry and [3H]muscimol uptake. GAD-positive dendrites were found throughout the inner plexiform layer and no sign of dendritic stratification was detected. PMID- 3894627 TI - Evaluation of ceramic margins for metal-ceramic restorations. AB - This study evaluated various techniques for forming ceramic margins on metal ceramic restorations. Marginal openings were measured using a scanning electron microscope on replicas derived from elastomeric impressions. Ceramic margins formed with a platinum foil backing showed significantly better fit than those formed with direct-lift techniques. With the platinum foil method these ceramic margins displayed a marginal fit comparable to that obtained with cast metal margins. PMID- 3894628 TI - Pin amalgam restoration and pin amalgam foundation. AB - The principles of cavity preparation, retention, pin placement, and finishing of the pin amalgam restoration differ in several respects when applied to the pin amalgam when it is intended to serve as a foundation for a cast restoration. A more conservative extension and removal of undermined enamel is indicated because the amalgam will be covered with a cast restoration. The axial reduction required during crown preparation frequently reduces retention of the pin amalgam foundation; therefore, it is necessary to plan for those alterations during the cavity preparation. The degree of finishing and polishing required is determined by the length of time the pin amalgam foundation is expected to function as an interim restoration. PMID- 3894629 TI - Reproducibility of dispensing one brand of irreversible hydrocolloid powder by seven methods. PMID- 3894630 TI - A two-pour technique for investing interim partial dentures. AB - A technique for the use of two stone layers to invest an interim partial denture has been presented. Holding all components on the master cast ensures accuracy. PMID- 3894631 TI - Solid base working cast. AB - A technique is presented to facilitate the fabrication of single or multiple restoration die working casts. The technique allows a full remount potential for use especially in multiple centric relation record verification techniques. A die removal technique that will not damage the brass dowel pin is suggested. PMID- 3894632 TI - Three-in-one periodontal aid for overdenture abutment teeth. PMID- 3894633 TI - Preimpression preparation for positive recovery of master casts. AB - A technique has been described to ensure positive recovery of a cast by using wax to enlarge teeth that have diastemata and teeth that are periodontally involved with bone loss. On removal of the wax, a void is created in the impression. Stone poured into the void will strengthen the involved teeth so that the cast will not fracture on removal from the impression. PMID- 3894634 TI - Comparison of methods of clinical evaluation of the marginal fit of complete cast gold crowns. AB - Three clinical methods for testing marginal fit of complete cast crowns were investigated: the exploration, radiograph, and impression techniques. This work proved that the impression technique is the superior test and should become a standard part of the evaluation routine for complete cast crowns. PMID- 3894635 TI - A decade of progress for the adhesive fixed partial denture. AB - The history of the development of adhesive fixed partial dentures was reviewed and present clinical problems discussed. Longitudinal studies are not available because adhesive prostheses with 4-META adhesive resin were introduced only a few years ago. However, scientific advances will make placement of resin-bonded metal prostheses a more stable, standard technique in fixed prosthodontics. PMID- 3894636 TI - Endodontic considerations in the design of acid-etched anterior splints for patients with reduced periodontal support. AB - A modification of existing designs for resin-bonded retainers has been introduced. This new design is appropriate for the extracoronal splinting of anterior teeth with reduced periodontal support. The design of the splint will accommodate the increased risk of these teeth for endodontic failure. The versatility and advantages of this design have been presented and compared with other anterior splinting techniques. At present, there appears to be no clinically significant difference in the retentiveness of perforated and nonperforated etched metal retainers. PMID- 3894637 TI - Removing dowels in difficult teeth. AB - An improved method for removing dowels from endodontically treated teeth has been presented. It includes a cast supplementary device that supports the tooth while the dowel is being removed. Although the procedure requires more than one appointment, it provides a safe method for removing the dowel from the tooth. PMID- 3894638 TI - The application of microdentistry in fixed prosthodontics. PMID- 3894639 TI - Thermal and abrasive techniques for removal of resins from acid-etched retainers. PMID- 3894640 TI - Castability of crown and bridge alloys. AB - A special saucer-shaped wax pattern was designed to evaluate the castability of five casting machines and four casting alloys. The casting machines used included one broken arm unit, one induction unit, one resistance unit, and two vacuum air pressure units. The alloys included one base metal alloy, two high-fusing noble metal alloys, and one type III gold alloy. Results of analysis of variance showed that at the 95% confidence level there was a significant difference among casting machines and alloys, the casting machines had a stronger effect on castability. No attempt was made to evaluate the fit quality of the castings with regard to surface roughness or porosity. PMID- 3894641 TI - Surgical templates for immediate denture insertion. AB - Criteria for an ideal surgical template for immediate dentures were presented. Laboratory and clinical studies were made of five types of templates. The Biostarformed template with improvements, followed by the sprinkled acrylic resin template, best fit the established criteria (Table I). PMID- 3894642 TI - Clinical wear study of a new tooth material: Part II. PMID- 3894643 TI - Effect of steel strengtheners on fracture resistance of the acrylic resin complete denture base. PMID- 3894644 TI - A cephalometric method to determine the angulation of the occlusal plane in edentulous patients. PMID- 3894645 TI - To stop his wounds, lest he do bleed to death. A history of surgical shock. PMID- 3894646 TI - Evaluation of autosuture in urinary diversion. PMID- 3894647 TI - The origins of the war neuroses. Part 2. PMID- 3894648 TI - Jerusalem the Golden. PMID- 3894650 TI - Confusion for diabetics in the use of U100 syringes. PMID- 3894649 TI - [Metastases of breast angiosarcoma. Apropos of 2 cases]. AB - Two patients with breast angiosarcoma and hepatic and splenic metastases developed a hemoperitoneum confirmed by ultrasound and CT scan imaging. This complication has further adverse effects on the already extremely poor prognosis of this disease. PMID- 3894651 TI - Release of LHRH in vitro and anterior pituitary responsiveness to LHRH in vivo during sexual maturation in pullets (Gallus domesticus). AB - An in-vitro superfusion technique was used to study basal and depolarization induced (32 mmol K+/l) release of LHRH from the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) of pullets at 8-25 weeks of age. Plasma LH concentrations and the incremental change (delta LH) after an i.v. injection of 1 or 15 micrograms synthetic ovine LHRH/kg body weight were also determined. Between 8 and 25 weeks of age, significant (P less than 0.01) increases in basal and depolarization-induced release of LHRH (93 and 330%, respectively) were accompanied by a significant (P less than 0.01) rise in the residual LHRH content of MBH tissue (152%), observations which suggest that the ability of the hypothalamus to synthesize and secrete LHRH increases as sexual maturation proceeds. However, plasma LH, which reached a maximum concentration of 2.05 +/- 0.43 micrograms/l at 15 weeks, fell significantly (P less than 0.05) to 1.14 +/- 0.05 micrograms/l at 25 weeks. Since delta LH in response to exogenous LHRH showed a marked and progressive decline between 12 and 20 weeks of age, the low plasma concentration of LH typical of the mature hen is probably attributable to a direct negative-feedback action of ovarian steroids on the anterior pituitary gland rather than to an impaired secretion of LHRH from the median eminence. It is suggested that a dramatic increase in the responsiveness of LHRH nerve terminals in the MBH to depolarization by 32 mmol K+/l between 20 and 25 weeks of age (mean age at onset of lay 21.9 weeks; range 19-25 weeks) may reflect the development of hypothalamic responsiveness to the positive feedback action of progesterone. PMID- 3894652 TI - Effect of conspecifics on sexual maturation in female European pine voles (Pitymys subterraneus). AB - Using the number of large ovarian follicles (Type 8) as an indicator of sexual maturation we found that urinary compounds released by adult males accelerated puberty while urine from females suppressed hormonal activity in juvenile female European pine voles. The release of chemosignals that delayed puberty of juvenile females was not influenced by ovarian hormones; urine from ovariectomized females was as effective as urine from unoperated animals. PMID- 3894653 TI - Limited proteolysis of the porcine zona pellucida by homologous sperm acrosin. AB - Boar sperm acrosin isolated by affinity chromatography on p-(p' aminophenoxypropoxy)benzamidine linked to Sepharose was tested for its proteolytic effect on the zona pellucida of freshly ovulated pig eggs. During 1 h in a physiological medium there was no observable change in the morphology of the zona pellucida but subsequent 125I labelling of the structure followed by electrophoretic analysis revealed that acrosin had asserted a limited and selective proteolysis. PMID- 3894654 TI - Effects of withholding food for 0-72 h on mating, pregnancy rate and pituitary function in female rats. AB - Food was withheld from female rats for 0-72 h at various stages of the oestrous cycle. Withholding food for periods of 24 h ending at 12:00 h on the day of pro oestrus reduced the mating rate from 61 to 25% (P less than 0.05) but not the pregnancy rate of those rats that mated. Fasting for 24 h ending at 18:00 h on the day of pro-oestrus reduced the pregnancy rate from 82 to 18% (P less than 0.05) without affecting the mating rate and a 48-h fast starting at 12:00 h on the day of pro-oestrus reduced the pregnancy rate from 82 to 25% (P less than 0.05). Withholding food for 23 h ending at 17:00 h on the day of pro-oestrus prevented the LH and prolactin surges normally present at 17:00 h on this day. The treatments had no apparent effect on the ability of the adenohypophysis to release LH in response to injections of GnRH. When ovariectomized female rats fasted for 0-72 h and given 2 injections of oestradiol dibenzoate to test the ability of the hypothalamus to respond to an increasing plasma oestradiol concentration by stimulating the release of LH, a fast for 24 h reduced and a fast for 72 h completely prevented LH release. PMID- 3894655 TI - Detection of anti-sperm activities of monoclonal antibodies to human sperm. AB - The anti-sperm activities of a series of monoclonal antibodies to human sperm have been compared using agglutination, immunofluorescence, ELISA and 'panning' assays. The antibodies fell into two categories, those that could be detected by agglutination but not immunofluorescence assays and those that could be detected by immunofluorescence but not agglutination. Antibodies positive in the agglutination assays were also positive in the 'panning' assay. None of the antibodies tested was positive in the ELISA assays. These results, and others, are discussed in relation to the problems associated with the detection of anti sperm antibodies in sub-fertile human populations. PMID- 3894656 TI - Assessment of an enzyme immunoassay for diagnosing gonorrhea. AB - Gonozyme, a nonculture enzyme immunoassay for the detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae antigens from urogenital swab specimens, was approved by the FDA and introduced in the United States in 1982. This assay was compared to standard culture for N. gonorrhoeae in a number of independent studies. In 1983 a modification of the original Gonozyme was developed to improve the specificity of the assay. This modification, which has now replaced the original Gonozyme, was evaluated in clinical studies at eight sites in the U.S. PMID- 3894657 TI - A nonculture test for identification of Chlamydia trachomatis. AB - A clinical trial compared Chlamydiazyme (Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago, Illinois), an enzyme immunoassay being developed for the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis antigens, with isolation of the organism in cycloheximide-treated McCoy cells. Duplicate cervical swab specimens were obtained from 209 women undergoing abortion. C. trachomatis was isolated after subculturing from 18 of them (8.6%). Chlamydial antigens were found with Chlamydiazyme in 13 (72.2%) of the 18. The same number was detected with primary isolation. The specificity of Chlamydiazyme was 98.4%. Overall, 201 of 209 samples (96.2%) were identified correctly with Chlamydiazyme as compared to isolation after subculturing. Therefore, Chlamydiazyme could be used instead of primary isolation in this population. PMID- 3894658 TI - Problems in the cultivation of cervical bacteria. AB - Multiple variations in the types, species and prevalence of cervical bacteria are described in the literature. A review of the literature was undertaken to determine the effect of delay on the ability to identify bacteria. Experiments were initiated to elaborate on those observations. The rate of organism isolation was related to the delay in transport to the laboratory. PMID- 3894659 TI - Problems in specimen collection for sexually transmitted diseases. AB - Laboratory methods for the diagnosis of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are continuously undergoing improvement. It remains the responsibility of the clinician to become familiar with the tests available for the diagnosis of STDs. Those tests depend on obtaining clinical specimens from the proper site and on transporting them to the laboratory under satisfactory conditions. PMID- 3894660 TI - Treatment of cutaneous vulvar lesions with skinning vulvectomy. AB - A skinning vulvectomy and split-thickness skin graft were used in the management of four women with benign vulvar disease after the failure of standard medical and surgical therapy. Three women remain free of the primary disease process, with a follow-up of 12-36 months. One woman with lichen sclerosus and another with "diffuse atrophy" developed recurrent disease in their skin grafts 45 and 96 months, respectively, after skinning vulvectomy. Symptomatic improvement was achieved subsequently in both women with the topical application of testosterone. PMID- 3894661 TI - Growth of the fetal kidney. Ultrasonographic measurement of the ratio of average kidney diameter to biparietal diameter. AB - Kidney size was studied ultrasonographically in 101 normal fetuses. A ratio of average kidney diameter to biparietal diameter was established and found to be constant across gestation. Three fetuses with known urinary tract pathology were then studied and were found to have ratios significantly different from normal ones. PMID- 3894662 TI - Renal vasculitis: a review. PMID- 3894663 TI - The birth of our journal. PMID- 3894664 TI - A review of the recent literature relating to the training of medical students in alcoholism. AB - The author in this paper reviews the recent literature relating to the education of medical students in the area of alcoholism. These articles, from the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s, are divided into the following topics: attitudes toward alcoholism, measurement of increased knowledge about alcoholism, the status of training in alcoholism, descriptions of alcoholism training programs, and methodological approaches to assessing such programs. While teaching in alcoholism is increasing, the training needs to be expanded even more. The focus of the training should be on experiential/clinical approaches rather than on the more prevalent approach of using lectures in nonclinical settings and should be on changing medical students' attitudes so they will be more understanding of alcoholics and more optimistic about their treatment. PMID- 3894665 TI - Reagan Administration budget proposal threatens the VA medical care system. PMID- 3894666 TI - Net patient revenue at university-owned teaching hospitals, 1982. PMID- 3894667 TI - Pulmonary trichomoniasis and Trichomonas tenax. AB - Pulmonary trichomoniasis is usually caused by aspirated Trichomonas tenax. Adult men with chronic purulent or necrotic pulmonary disease are usually affected. Sixty-eight patients were previously described. A Russian study demonstrated pulmonary trichomoniasis in 19 of 112 patients (17%), mostly in patients with lung cancer, lung abscess, or bronchiectasis. Rarely, pulmonary trichomoniasis may be caused by an intra-abdominal (T. hominis) or genitourinary (T. vaginalis) infection. T. tenax is usually regarded as a harmless commensal of the human mouth. Its prevalence ranges from 4% to 53% and may exceed that of vaginal infection with T. vaginalis in adult females. It is frequently found in patients with poor oral hygiene. Cultural identification is superior to microscopic examination of wet-smear, gram-stained and Papanicolaou-stained preparations. Aspirated pulmonary trichomoniasis is an opportunistic infection. Until the question of possible pathogenicity is resolved, metronidazole should be given. The underlying pulmonary disease should be vigorously treated. PMID- 3894668 TI - A competitive immunosorbent assay for the detection of heat-stable enterotoxin of Escherichia coli. AB - A competitive ELISA procedure for the detection of Escherichia coli heat stable enterotoxin (ST) with monoclonal antibody has been developed. This test is 10 times more sensitive than the suckling-mouse bioassay and it is specific, simple and cheap. A set of 882 strains of E. coli isolated from man were tested both by ST-ELISA and suckling-mouse bioassay, the latter serving as the reference method. Positive results in both tests were obtained with 152 strains. The remaining strains gave negative results in both tests, with the exception of two strains, known to be ST producers, that gave negative results in the suckling-mouse assay, but gave positive results by the ELISA method. PMID- 3894669 TI - Effects of tampon materials on the in-vitro physiology of a toxic shock syndrome strain of Staphylococcus aureus. AB - Seven materials used in the manufacture of tampons-four rayon, one modified rayon, one cotton and one carboxy-methyl cellulose (a modified cotton)-were compared for their effects in vitro on the physiology of a strain of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from a patient with Toxic Shock Syndrome. Experiments were performed in broth culture and, with the exception of two rayon samples, all of the materials tested reduced growth rate and cell yield compared with control values. Exocellular acid phosphatase, lipase, proteinase, hyaluronate lyase and haemolysin in culture filtrates were measured and the lethality of filtrates was determined in mice. The tampon materials had different effects on the levels of exocellular products. Cotton and carboxy-methyl cellulose cotton materials reduced the levels of all of the activities tested. The activities of the other enzymes were reduced or increased, depending on which material was present. All materials reduced both haemolytic activity and lethality of the culture filtrates. The in-vitro data suggest an extremely complex interaction between tampon materials and S. aureus. PMID- 3894670 TI - Effect of chlorhexidine gluconate on the adherence of Candida species to denture acrylic. AB - The effect of pretreatment of denture acrylic with chlorhexidine gluconate on the subsequent adherence of Candida albicans GDH 2346 was measured in vitro. Adherence was significantly reduced by pretreatment with chlorhexidine; maximal inhibition was achieved by incubation at room temperature for 30 min in 2% chlorhexidine. Inhibition of adherence was greatest when the organisms were grown in conditions that enhanced adherence the most, i.e., growth to stationary phase in high concentrations of galactose and sucrose. Yeasts grown in high concentrations of galactose, which were the most adherent to acrylic, were also the most sensitive to the fungicidal action of chlorhexidine gluconate, whereas those grown in a low concentration of glucose were the least adherent and also the most resistant. Adherence to acrylic of seven strains of C. albicans isolated from active infections (I strains) and grown in medium containing 500 mM sucrose was significantly higher than that of four strains obtained from asymptomatic carriers (C strains). A spectrum of adherence values was obtained when various yeasts other than C. albicans were tested. PMID- 3894671 TI - Analysis of protective mechanisms against infection by Serratia marcescens. AB - The present paper is concerned with an experimental study of effects of some agents on parameters pertinent to host resistance to infection of Serratia marcescens (S. marcescens) which was isolated from a patient. The results obtained are the following: In the control mice injected intravenously with S. marcescens, most of the bacteria were trapped in the liver, spleen and lung, the so-called reticuloendothelial system (RES), and the number of bacteria decreased gradually with time. In the kidney, the bacterial count did not decrease because of the existence of few macrophages in this organ. In the animals treated with X irradiation and cyclophosphamide, the mortality rate increased, and the number of S. marcescens in the organs increased significantly with time. These observations were irreversible in the X-irradiated group, but were reversible in the cyclophosphamide-treated group, depending on the challenge dose. In the mice treated with carrageenan, which functions as a macrophage blocker, the mortality rate did not increase significantly, but there was a delay before the bacteria were eliminated from the liver indicating that the bacteria were not killed in the early phase. After intraperitoneal administration of proteose peptone, polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) and macrophages accumulated in the peritoneal cavity on the 1st day and 4th day. When S. marcescens was injected intraperitoneally to these 2 groups. The 50% lethal dose (LD50) did not increase significantly in each group. After intraperitoneal inoculation of S. marcescens in a dose equal to 1.5 LD50 in normal mice, the elimination of bacteria from the peritoneal cavity was very rapid in the mice pretreated with proteose peptone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3894672 TI - Digital image tiles: a method for the processing of large sections. AB - Segmentation of large areas of light microscopic slides into N by N fields, and each of these fields into M digital image tiles, allows the scanning, storage and digital processing of large images. Any of the original N2 fields or composites of M adjacent tiles can be recalled to the video display for analysis. Developed procedures for use on a microscope equipped with a precision scanning stage allow registration of the image coordinates (X-Y) for any original or composite field and the alignment of one of these fields along the depth (Z) axis by means of external, machined fiducial marks in serial sections. To facilitate work whenever unavoidable, we have incorporated methods for digital image panning and zooming (changes of magnification) and discuss their use and implications. PMID- 3894673 TI - Evolution of glutamine amidotransferase genes. Nucleotide sequences of the pabA genes from Salmonella typhimurium, Klebsiella aerogenes and Serratia marcescens. AB - The amide group of glutamine is a source of nitrogen in the biosynthesis of a variety of compounds. These reactions are catalyzed by a group of enzymes known as glutamine amidotransferases; two of these, the glutamine amidotransferase subunits of p-aminobenzoate synthase and anthranilate synthase have been studied in detail and have been shown to be structurally and functionally related. In some micro-organisms, p-aminobenzoate synthase and anthranilate synthase share a common glutamine amidotransferase subunit. We report here the primary DNA and deduced amino acid sequences of the p-aminobenzoate synthase glutamine amidotransferase subunits from Salmonella typhimurium, Klebsiella aerogenes and Serratia marcescens. A comparison of these glutamine amidotransferase sequences to the sequences of ten others, including some that function specifically in either the p-aminobenzoate synthase or anthranilate synthase complexes and some that are shared by both synthase complexes, has revealed several interesting features of the structure and organization of these genes, and has allowed us to speculate as to the evolutionary history of this family of enzymes. We propose a model for the evolution of the p-aminobenzoate synthase and anthranilate synthase glutamine amidotransferase subunits in which the duplication and subsequent divergence of the genetic information encoding a shared glutamine amidotransferase subunit led to the evolution of two new pathway-specific enzymes. PMID- 3894674 TI - DNA binding and mutation spectra of the carcinogen N-2-aminofluorene in Escherichia coli. A correlation between the conformation of the premutagenic lesion and the mutation specificity. AB - When the chemical carcinogen N-2-acetylaminofluorene binds to DNA in vivo, two major adducts are formed, both at position C-8 of the guanine residue. One of these (the acetylaminofluorene adduct) retains the acetyl group, while the other (the aminofluorene adduct) is the corresponding deacetylated form. Unlike -AAF adducts, which trigger important structural changes of the DNA secondary structure (either the insertion-denaturation model or the induction of a Z-DNA structure, depending upon the local nucleotide sequence), -AF adducts bind to the C-8 of guanine residues without causing any major conformational change of the B DNA structure. Well-defined adducts (either -AF or -AAF) can be formed in vitro by reacting DNA with either N-hydroxy-N-2-aminofluorene or N-acetoxy-N-2 acetylaminofluorene. Specific cleavage of the phosphodiester backbone at -AF adducts can be achieved by treating -AF-modified DNA in 1 M-piperidine at 90 degrees C. This observation led us to construct the spectrum for -AF binding to a defined DNA restriction fragment. It is found that only guanine residues react to form alkali-labile lesions and that the reactivity among the different guanines is similar. In a forward mutation assay, namely the inactivation of the tetracycline resistance gene, we found previously that more than 90% of mutations induced by -AAF adducts are frameshift mutations. Using the same assay, we show here that -AF adducts induce primarily base substitution mutations (85%), mainly of the G to T transversion type. There is therefore a strong correlation between the nature of the carcinogen-induced conformational change of the DNA structure and the corresponding mutation specificity. The -AF-induced base substitution mutations depend upon the umuC gene function(s). The data obtained in our forward mutation assay are compared to the data previously obtained in the histidine reversion assay (Ames test). PMID- 3894675 TI - A molecular dynamics study of the C-terminal fragment of the L7/L12 ribosomal protein. Secondary structure motion in a 150 picosecond trajectory. AB - A 150 picosecond molecular dynamics computer simulation of the C-terminal fragment of the L7/L12 ribosomal protein from Escherichia coli is reported. The molecular dynamics results are compared with the available high-resolution X-ray data in terms of atomic positions, distances and positional fluctuations. Good agreement is found between the molecular dynamics results and the X-ray data. The form and parameters of the interaction potential energy function and the procedures for deriving it are discussed. Some current misunderstandings concerning the ways of evaluating the efficiency of molecular dynamics algorithms and of application of bond-length constraints in protein simulations are cleared up. The 150 picosecond trajectory has been scanned in a search for correlated motions within and between secondary structure elements. The beta-strands have diffusional stretching modes, and uncorrelated transversal displacements. The dynamic analysis of alpha-helices shows a variety of features. The atomic fluctuations differ between the helix ends; this effect reflects long time-scale motions. Two alpha-helices, alpha A and alpha C, show diffusive longitudinal stretching modes. The third helix, alpha B, has a correlated asymmetric longitudinal stretching; the N-terminal part dominates this behaviour. Furthermore, alpha B presents a librational motion with respect to the other parts of the molecule with a frequency of approximately 5 cm-1. This motion is coupled to helix stretching. Interestingly, the regions of highly conserved residues contain the most mobile parts of the molecule. PMID- 3894676 TI - Catecholamine cardiotoxicity. AB - The morphologic-functional correlative studies that we have carried out in the past 25 years with the various catecholamines have served as an example for analyzing myocardial reaction patterns and the reactions of the cardiac muscle cells to insult. These studies disclosed the unique nature of isoproterenol in producing 'infarct-like' myocardial necrosis. It appears that the pathogenesis of the catecholamine-induced myocardial necrosis is multifactorial. Our early studies suggested the role of relative hypoxia. Later studies by using extracellular fine structural protein tracers demonstrated the importance of microcirculatory effects as well as, in the norepinephrine model, that of early sarcolemmal membrane permeability alteration. The Ca2+ overload theory is supported not only by the experimental observations but also by its successful application in clinical cardiology. A new contribution is the recognition of catecholamine oxidation products in producing myocardial injury. Experimental data indicate that catecholamines play an important role in reperfusion and ischemic myocardial injuries. The sequence of events demonstrated by our studies with catecholamines might represent a common pathway in the evolution of myocardial changes in humans who develop myocardial lesions without narrowing or obstruction of coronary arteries. Investigation in the field of molecular and cellular cardiology has led to a better understanding of current clinical problems and helped to devise procedures for the prevention and management of human myocardial disorders. The isoproterenol-induced myocardial necrosis served as model to Professor A. Fleckenstein to formulate the Ca2+ overload theory of myocardial injury and develop a series of now widely used Ca2+ antagonistic drugs for the management and the prevention of human myocardial diseases. PMID- 3894677 TI - Experimental catecholamine-induced myocardial necrosis. I. Morphology, quantification and regional distribution of acute contraction band lesions. AB - Acute histologic and ultrastructural changes, quantification and regional distribution (transmural, circumferential, transaxial) of damaged myocells from anesthetized, open-chested dogs following one hour of intravenous infusions of saline or increasing doses of isoproterenol (0.1, 1.0, 2.5 micrograms/kg/min) or norepinephrine (4.0 micrograms/kg/min) were investigated. Two predominant subsets of acute contraction band lesions were produced: 'paradiscal' involving aggregation of less than 15 sarcomeres adjacent to the intercalated disc and 'holocytic' involving coagulation of groups of adjoining sarcomeres into transverse bands interspersed with areas of myofibrillar rhexis throughout the cell. Both lesions were distributed as isolated cells or as small foci of myocells surrounded by normal myocardium. Quantification of 'paradiscal' and 'holocytic' contraction band lesions/mm2 of area was used as an index of the severity of catecholamine-induced necrosis. Numbers of 'paradiscal' myocells increased with increasing doses of isoproterenol, while 'holocytic' myocells were not present in any significant numbers until 1.0 microgram/kg/min) and increased further at 2.5 micrograms/kg/min. 'Paradiscal' myocells with both isoproterenol (2.5 micrograms/kg/min) and norepinephrine were distributed with the greatest number in the inner third of the free wall. This gradient was not significant for 'holocytic' lesions. There was, generally, no significant difference in distribution of either type of lesion around the circumference. However, transaxially there was a higher frequency of 'paradiscal' lesions at the apex with norepinephrine. The lesions were identical and present in comparable numbers at both the highest dose of isoproterenol and with norepinephrine. Thus, these two catecholamines result in a similar cardiotoxicity, each with two predominant subsets of lesions, despite their hemodynamic diversities. PMID- 3894678 TI - Inhibitory effects of the D(-)isomer of 3-hydroxybutyrate on cardiac non esterified fatty acid uptake and oxygen demand induced by norepinephrine in the intact dog. AB - The effects of ketosis on the norepinephrine-induced high rates of cardiac uptake of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA = free fatty acids = FFA) and oxygen consumption were studied in anesthetized intact dogs. After a control infusion of norepinephrine (500 ng/kg.min into the left ventricle), the D(-) isomer or natural form of 3-hydroxybutyrate was infused intravenously as the arginine salt at rates of 20 mumol/kg.min in group A (10 dogs) and 80 mumol/kg.min in group B (10 dogs) and a second norepinephrine infusion was superimposed on the ketone treatment. At the time the effects of the second catecholamine infusion were measured, the arterial 3-hydroxybutyrate concentration averaged 1.2 +/- 0.1 mM in group A and 8.3 +/- 0.4 mM in group B, and the cardiac uptake of the ketone amounted to 17.4 +/- 0.6 and 35.8 +/- 5.3 mumol/min.100 g, respectively. Relative to the control norepinephrine infusion, the arterial NEFA concentration was reduced to 88 +/- 4% in group A and to 62 +/- 8% in group B, but the cardiac uptake of NEFA was significantly more depressed, to 65 +/- 7% in group A and to 35 +/- 8% in group B. These changes were not observed in ten non-ketotic animals under repeated norepinephrine infusion. Thus, ketosis inhibited the norepinephrine-stimulated uptake of NEFA, presumably through (1) a lowered availability of NEFA from arterial blood, attributable to a reduction of extracardiac lipolysis, and (2) competition of 3-hydroxybutyrate with NEFA for metabolism by the myocardium in the face of still high arterial NEFA concentrations, 1.7 +/- 0.1 mM in group A and 1.1 +/- 0.2 mM in group B. In both groups, the lowering of the contribution of NEFA to cardiac metabolism was associated with a reduction of the estimated oxygen demand per beat (ratio of cardiac oxygen consumption/min to the pressure-rate product), while the pressure response to norepinephrine was not modified. There was no evidence for abnormal cardiac function. PMID- 3894679 TI - Reduction of intrinsic contractile reserves of the left ventricle by Escherichia coli endotoxin shock in guinea-pigs. AB - To test the hypothesis that cardiodynamic responses during endotoxemia are limited by intrinsic myocardial dysfunction, we studied contractile properties of isovolumic left ventricular (LV) preparations isolated from E. coli endotoxin shocked guinea pigs. Compared to control hearts, shock hearts developed significantly lower LV systolic pressures (54 +/- 7 v. 84 +/- 2 mmHg; P less than 0.001) and maximal rates of LV pressure rise (+dP/dtmax; 886 +/- 106 v. 1246 +/- 39 mmHg/s; P less than 0.006) and fall (-dP/dtmax; 702 +/- 98 v. 1103 +/- 26 mmHg/s; P less than 0.001). The LV mechanical disadvantage of shock hearts was not correlated with changes in beating frequency, active state duration, or tissue water content; neither was it surmounted by pyruvate nor by maximally effective increases in coronary flow, diastolic stretch, or extracellular Ca2+ concentration. These findings suggest that endotoxin pathogenesis encompasses a decrease in intrinsic contractile reserves of the left ventricle, and that the resulting changes in myocardial contractile mechanisms may underlie cardiac involvement in endotoxin shock syndromes. PMID- 3894680 TI - Comparison of conventional mechanical ventilation and synchronous independent lung ventilation (SILV) in the treatment of unilateral lung injury. AB - Eight patients presenting with severe unilateral pulmonary injury responded poorly to conventional mechanical ventilation. Synchronous independent lung ventilation (SILV) was employed to provide support of ventilation and oxygenation without creating the ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) mismatch observed during conventional ventilation. All patients demonstrated improved oxygenation (mean increase, 80 torr) during SILV with the FIO2 unchanged from previous therapy. Invasive hemodynamic monitoring in five of eight patients showed no difference in the commonly measured cardiopulmonary parameters with the two forms of mechanical ventilation. Peak inspiratory pressure (PIP), continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), and pressure change secondary to tidal volume delivery to the uninvolved lung were significantly less during SILV. SILV is an effective method of improving oxygenation in patients with severe unilateral pulmonary injury. PMID- 3894681 TI - Killing of Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania mexicana, and survival of Toxoplasma gondii, in chicken macrophages in vitro. AB - The interaction between trypomastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi, amastigotes of Leishmania mexicana mexicana and tachyzoites of Toxoplasma gondii with chicken macrophages, obtained by cultivation of blood monocytes, was studied. Mouse macrophages were used for comparative purposes. All three protozoa are ingested by chicken macrophages. However, only T. gondii survives within cytoplasmic vacuoles. Trypomastigotes of T. cruzi and amastigotes of L. mexicana are destroyed within endocytic vacuoles of chicken macrophages, independently of the temperature of incubation (33 or 37 degrees C), while multiply within mouse macrophages. By use of horseradish peroxidase labeling of the chicken macrophage lysosomes we show that fusion of lysosomes with phagocytic vacuoles containing T. cruzi occurs. We also show, using ultrastructural cytochemistry, the presence of H2O2 within endocytic vacuoles containing T. cruzi. These results suggest that cellular mechanisms, besides the well known effect of complement, play some role in the refractiveness of birds to trypanosomatids. PMID- 3894682 TI - Comparison of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using crude S. haematobium soluble egg antigen with a radioimmunoassay using purified S. mansoni egg antigen for the serodiagnosis of schistosomiasis haematobium. AB - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using crude Schistosoma haematobium soluble egg antigen (ShSEA) was compared with a radioimmunoassay (RIA) employing purified heterologous species S. mansoni egg antigen (MSA1) for the serodiagnosis of schistosomiasis haematobium in a group of 45 Nigerian school children living in an area endemic for S. haematobium. Both assay systems appeared applicable. The ELISA proved to be more sensitive detecting 100% of the 27 parasitologically positive individuals while the RIA defined 89% of this group. Neither test had false-positive results for the 10 non-endemic area parasitologically negative controls, although the ELISA demonstrated that 56% of the 18 endemic area parasitologically negative controls had anti-ShSEA antibodies. The RIA indicated that 44% of this group had anti-MSA1 antibodies. These latter findings were interpreted as related to the hyperendemicity of schistosomiasis haematobium for the study area. PMID- 3894683 TI - Mycetoma caused by Aspergillus nidulans in India. AB - The first case of mycetoma caused by Aspergillus nidulans has been described from India in a young farmer of Jaisalmer situated in the Thar desert of Western Rajasthan, India. The diagnosis was confirmed by histopathological and mycological studies. PMID- 3894684 TI - Neuraminidase associated with coliphage E that specifically depolymerizes the Escherichia coli K1 capsular polysaccharide. AB - Plaque morphology indicated that the five Escherichia coli K1-specific bacteriophages (A to E) described by Gross et al. (R. J. Gross, T. Cheasty, and B. Rowe, J. Clin. Microbiol. 6:548-550, 1977) encode K1 depolymerase activity that is present in both the bound and free forms. The free form of the enzyme from bacteriophage E was purified 238-fold to apparent homogeneity and in a high yield from ammonium sulfate precipitates of cell lysates by a combination of CsCl density gradient ultracentrifugation, gel filtration, and anion-exchange chromatography. The enzyme complex had an apparent molecular weight of 208,000, as judged from its behavior on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and was dissociated by sodium dodecyl sulfate at 100 degrees C to yield two polypeptides with apparent molecular weights of 74,000 and 38,500. Optimum hydrolytic activity was observed at pH 5.5, and activity was strongly inhibited by Ca2+; the Km was 7.41 X 10(-3) M. Rapid hydrolysis of both the O acetylated and non-O-acetylated forms of the K1 antigen, an alpha 2----8-linked homopolymer of N-acetylneuraminic acid, and of the meningococcus B antigen was observed. Limited hydrolysis of the E. coli K92 antigen, an N-acetylneuraminic acid homopolymer containing alternating alpha 2----8 and alpha 2----9 linkages, occurred, but the enzyme failed to release alpha 2----3-, alpha 2----6-, or alpha 2----9-linked sialic residues from a variety of other substrates. PMID- 3894687 TI - Continent urinary diversion. PMID- 3894686 TI - Analysis of Aleutian disease virus infection in vitro and in vivo: demonstration of Aleutian disease virus DNA in tissues of infected mink. AB - Aleutian disease virus (ADV) infection was analyzed in vivo and in vitro to compare virus replication in cell culture and in mink. Initial experiments compared cultures of Crandell feline kidney (CRFK) cells infected with the avirulent ADV-G strain or the highly virulent Utah I ADV. The number of ADV infected cells was estimated by calculating the percentage of cells displaying ADV antigen by immunofluorescence (IFA), and several parameters of infection were determined. Infected cells contained large quantities of viral DNA (more than 10(5) genomes per infected cell) as estimated by dot-blot DNA-DNA hybridization, and much of the viral DNA, when analyzed by Southern blot hybridization, was found to be of a 4.8-kilobase-pair duplex monomeric replicative form (DM DNA). Furthermore, the cultures contained 7 to 67 fluorescence-forming units (FFU) per infected cell, and the ADV genome per FFU ratio ranged between 2 X 10(3) and 164 X 10(3). Finally, the pattern of viral antigen detected by IFA was characteristically nuclear, although cytoplasmic fluorescence was often found in the same cells. Because no difference was noted between the two virus strains when cultures containing similar numbers of infected cells were compared, it seemed that both viruses behaved similarly in infected cell culture. These data were used as a basis for the analysis of infection of mink by virulent Utah I ADV. Ten days after infection, the highest levels of viral DNA were detected in spleen (373 genomes per cell), mesenteric lymph node (MLN; 750 genomes per cell), and liver (373 genomes per cell). In marked contrast to infected CRFK cells, the predominant species of ADV DNA in all tissues was single-stranded virion DNA; however, 4.8-kilobase-pair DM DNA was found in MLN and spleen. This observation suggested that MLN and spleen were sites of virus replication, but that the DNA found in liver reflected sequestration of virus produced elsewhere. A final set of experiments examined MLN taken from nine mink 10 days after Utah I ADV infection. All of the nodes contained ADV DNA (46 to 750 genomes per cell), and although single-stranded virion DNA was always the most abundant species, DM DNA was observed. All of the lymph nodes contained virus infectious for CRFK cells, but when the genome per FFU ratio was calculated, virus from the lymph nodes required almost 1,000 times more genomes to produce an FFU than did virus prepared from infected cell cultures.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3894685 TI - Monoclonal antibodies specific for adenovirus early region 1A proteins: extensive heterogeneity in early region 1A products. AB - Hybridomas secreting monoclonal antibodies specific for the adenovirus early region 1A (E1A) proteins were prepared from BALB/c mice immunized with a bacterial trpE-E1A fusion protein. This protein is encoded by a hybrid gene that joins a portion of the Escherichia coli trpE gene and a cDNA copy of the E1A 13S mRNA (Spindler et al., J. Virol. 49:132-141, 1984). Eighty-three hybridomas that secrete antibodies which recognize the immunogen were isolated and single cell cloned. Twenty-nine of these antibodies are specific for the E1A portion of the fusion protein. Only 12 of the monoclonal antibodies can efficiently immunoprecipitate E1A polypeptides from detergent lysates of infected cells. E1A polypeptides were analyzed on one-dimensional, sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels and two-dimensional, isoelectric focusing polyacrylamide gels. The E1A proteins that are specifically immunoprecipitated by the monoclonal antibodies are heterogeneous in size and charge and can be resolved into approximately 60 polypeptide species. This heterogeneity is due not only to synthesis from multiple E1A mRNAs, but also at least in part to post translational modification. Several of the monoclonal antibodies divide the E1A polypeptides into immunological subclasses based on the ability of the antibodies to bind to the antigen. In particular, two of the monoclonal antibodies bind to the polypeptides synthesized from the 13S E1A mRNA, but not to other E1A proteins. PMID- 3894689 TI - Translumbar splenectomy in human kidney transplant recipients. AB - A simple technique of translumbar splenectomy during renal and pancreatic transplantation is described. This unique approach was used in 18 patients. Postoperative septic complications must be considered. PMID- 3894688 TI - Renal transplantation in the older recipient. AB - From 1976 to 1983, 13 living related and 54 cadaver renal transplants were done in 62 patients more than 50 years old. Patients with no coronary or myocardial disease upon coronary angiography were selected preferentially for transplantation. Over-all 1-year patient and graft survival rates were 88 and 70 per cent, respectively. Among cadaver recipients graft survival was improved (p less than 0.001) when prophylactic antilymphoblast globulin was used. There were fewer steroid-related complications (p less than 0.001) in recipients managed with a low dose rather than a high dose maintenance prednisone regimen. With careful patient selection and a steroid-sparing immunosuppressive regimen, renal transplantation can be done safely in older recipients with no increased risk of death or graft loss. PMID- 3894690 TI - Parallel incision, unstented extravesical ureteroneocystostomy: followup of 203 kidney transplants. AB - A parallel incision, unstented extravesical ureteroneocystostomy was used in 203 human kidney transplants. The reoperation rate was 1 per cent. Extravasation of urine occurred in 3 patients, 1 of whom required surgical repair. One patient required transurethral fulguration of a ureteral bleeder. Two patients had grade 1 reflux and none required repair. No patient had ureteral obstruction at the anastomosis. This simple technique is useful because ureteral length and bladder dissection are minimal, and no separate cystotomy is required. The adequacy of the submucosal tunnel is judged when the ureter is passed through it. PMID- 3894691 TI - Digital subtraction angiography for evaluating patients with renal carcinoma. AB - Intravenous digital subtraction angiography has been performed on 39 patients with renal carcinoma. In 19 patients (group 1) imaging of the renal arteries was done following injection of 40 cc intravenous contrast medium through an antecubital vein. In 20 patients (group 2) 40 cc intravenous contrast medium were injected through a femoral vein and digital subtraction imaging of the inferior vena cava was obtained. In 12 of these patients the renal arteries also were visualized from the same injection of contrast medium. Intra-arterial digital subtraction angiography of the renal arteries also was done in 5 patients in group 2. Intravenous digital subtraction angiography satisfactorily demonstrated main renal arterial anatomy in 29 of 35 patients (83 per cent) over-all but failed to delineate the renal mass in most cases. Excellent visualization of the inferior vena cava was obtained in all 20 patients in group 2. Intraarterial digital subtraction angiography yielded an accurate diagnosis of renal carcinoma in all 5 patients with minimal doses of contrast medium. We conclude that intravenous digital subtraction imaging combined with computerized tomography scanning or ultrasonography yields satisfactory diagnostic and anatomical information for most patients with renal carcinoma. PMID- 3894692 TI - Monoclonal antibodies against transitional cell carcinoma for detection of malignant urothelial cells in bladder washing. AB - The diagnosis of transitional cell carcinoma by cytological examination of exfoliated urinary cells is important in the early detection and followup of patients with this disease. Proper interpretation requires a skilled pathologist. Accuracy also is influenced by collection methods and nonmalignant pathological conditions of the bladder. An immunocytochemical technique using monoclonal antibodies G4 and E7 successfully identified tumor-associated antigens on the surface of transitional carcinoma cells obtained by bladder washings. The method, which uses immunoperoxidase staining, was compared to conventional Papanicolaou staining of bladder washings from 75 patients with and without transitional cell carcinoma. Patients were divided into 4 groups: group 1 (nontumor control)--15 patients with no pathological condition of the bladder or nonmalignant urological diseases, group 2 (nontransitional cell carcinoma)--19 patients with other urological malignancies, group 3-18 patients with active transitional cell carcinoma and group 4-23 patients with a history of transitional cell carcinoma but no evidence of tumor at the time of the washing. The incidence of positive staining in these groups was 0, 5, 78 and 0 per cent, respectively. The diagnostic value of immunoperoxidase staining was similar to that of Papanicolaou staining in the control group and in patients with high grade transitional cell carcinoma, and provided specific morphological criteria not possible by conventional cytology studies. Interpretation of immunoperoxidase staining was difficult in washings with a large number of inflammatory cells if endogenous peroxidase activity was not blocked properly. The application of the immunoperoxidase staining method for diagnosis of low grade tumor is under further investigation. PMID- 3894693 TI - Randomized trial of cystectomy with or without preoperative radiotherapy for carcinoma of the bilharzial bladder. AB - A prospective randomized clinical trial was done for 92 patients with carcinoma of the bilharzial bladder who underwent radical cystectomy alone or with 2,000 rad preoperative radiation. The postoperative mortality and morbidity were similar in both groups. Patients were followed for a minimum of 60 months. Over all, there was a marginal, statistically insignificant improvement in survival among patients receiving preoperative radiotherapy. Nevertheless, 2 subpopulations demonstrated significant improvement in survival following preoperative radiation, that is patients with high stage (P3 and P4) and high grade tumors. PMID- 3894694 TI - Preoperative evaluation of localized prostatic carcinoma by transrectal ultrasonography. AB - We evaluated 31 patients with clinically localized prostatic carcinoma by transrectal ultrasonography before radical prostatectomy. Results of ultrasonography were reviewed without previous knowledge of the extent of the disease and were compared to the pathological staging obtained by step section of the prostate. Preoperative transrectal ultrasonography was sensitive in detecting capsular and seminal vesicle involvement (89 and 100 per cent, respectively). However, the specificity of the method was low for capsular involvement (50 per cent), probably owing to the inability of this method to detect microscopic disease. This method is a valuable tool in the preoperative evaluation of patients with clinically localized prostatic carcinoma. PMID- 3894695 TI - Use of transrectal ultrasound in evaluating prostatic cancer. PMID- 3894696 TI - Aspiration cytology of simultaneous bilateral adrenal metastases from renal cell carcinoma. A case report and review of the literature. AB - We report the computerized tomography and ultrasound-guided aspiration cytology results in the first case of renal cell carcinoma with bilateral adrenal involvement. The adrenal metastases were evident clinically 6 years after radical nephrectomy and were treated successfully by an operation. Aspiration cytology under computerized tomographic and sonographic guidance is an excellent procedure to evaluate enlarged adrenal glands in patients with renal cell carcinoma or other malignant neoplasms. PMID- 3894697 TI - Traumatic lymphocele following renal transplantation. AB - Post-transplantation lymphocele ordinarily is an early postoperative complication that infrequently causes symptoms, which usually result from impaired renal function secondary to cortical compression or ureteral obstruction. We recently encountered a patient in whom a lymphocele developed following trauma 7 years after cadaveric transplantation. Attempts to drain the lymphocele externally resulted in massive fluid loss, which caused hypotension, hypoproteinemia and profound electrolyte imbalance. Control of the massive fluid loss was achieved by marsupialization of the lymphocele into the peritoneal cavity. PMID- 3894698 TI - The percutaneous removal of calculi from transplanted kidneys. AB - Renal calculi complicating transplanted kidneys are uncommon but they can be an important cause of deterioration in graft function. We report 2 complicated cases managed by percutaneous nephrostolithotomy. PMID- 3894699 TI - Juxtaglomerular cell tumor of the kidney. AB - We describe an 11-year-old hypertensive girl who had a 5.0 cm. juxtaglomerular cell tumor. Of the 18 previously reported cases this appears to be the largest such tumor found. The benign nature of the tumor is emphasized, its clinical, radiological and microscopic appearance is illustrated, and appropriate treatment options are discussed. PMID- 3894700 TI - Diuretic radionuclide urography: functional assessment following pyeloplasty. AB - The radiographic appearance of the hydronephrotic upper urinary tract due to congenital ureteropelvic junction obstruction may not return to normal even though the obstruction is relieved by surgical repair. We present a case of ureteropelvic junction obstruction in which the success of the repair was demonstrated dramatically only by diuretic radionuclide urography. PMID- 3894701 TI - Urinary retention due to a mullerian duct cyst: role of ultrasonically guided fine needle aspiration in the diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 3894702 TI - In vitro and in vivo activity of two second generation platinum analogs in murine bladder cancer. AB - The activity of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) was compared to two second generation platinum analogs, cis-diammine-1,1-cyclobutane dicarboxylate platinum(II) and cis-dichlorotransdihydroxybisisopropylamine platinum(IV) in the N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]formamide-induced murine bladder tumor model and a tumor colony assay. Murine drug testing revealed that all three drugs were active against the MBT-2 tumor line, although cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) was more active than its analogs. All drugs produced enhanced inhibition of clonal growth with increasing drug exposure times. Cis diamminedichloroplatinum(II) was more active against MBT-2 cells in the plateau growth phase versus the log growth phase after a one hour drug exposure. Similar differential activity depending upon the proliferative state of MBT-2 was not seen with the two platinum analogs. These two platinum analogs have somewhat less activity in vivo and in vitro than cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) and would be predicted to be less effective clinically in human bladder cancer than the parent compound. PMID- 3894703 TI - Diagnosis and treatment of streptococcal pharyngitis. PMID- 3894704 TI - Goodpasture's dilemma. PMID- 3894705 TI - The accuracy of experienced physicians' probability estimates for patients with sore throats. Implications for decision making. AB - Ten physicians recorded their treatment decisions and estimated probabilities of streptococcal infection for patients with sore throats. Of 308 throat cultures, 15 (4.9%) were positive for group A streptococci. The physicians overestimated the probability of a positive culture for 81% of their patients and their estimates and treatment decisions were strongly associated. Of 104 patients treated before culture results were available, only eight had positive cultures. Probability overestimation may have been due to neglect of the low culture positive rate, assignment of undue importance to weakly predictive or highly intercorrelated clinical features, and a value-induced bias, occurring when features important for treatment are erroneously linked to the likelihood of disease. Cognitive limitations in information processing may limit the effectiveness of pharyngitis management protocols that require subjective estimates of disease probability. PMID- 3894706 TI - Maternal vernix caseosa peritonitis following premature rupture of fetal membranes. PMID- 3894708 TI - Preventable trauma deaths. A review of trauma care systems development. PMID- 3894707 TI - Comparison of single-dose vs one-week course of metronidazole for symptomatic bacterial vaginosis. AB - In a prospective, single-blind, randomized study, a single 2-g dose of metronidazole was compared with a seven-day course of 500 mg given twice daily in the treatment of symptomatic vaginal discharge associated with Gardnerella vaginalis. Based on resolution of symptoms and on cultures negative for G vaginalis, 86% (40/46) of women treated with the single dose and 97% (35/36) of women treated with the seven-day course were considered cured at seven to ten days after treatment. Evaluation at 21 days after treatment, however, indicated that only 46% (16/34) of patients treated with the single 2-g dose were considered cured compared with 86% (26/30) of those treated with the seven-day course. Treatment of sexual contacts did not significantly improve cure rates in either group. PMID- 3894709 TI - Pulmonary blood volume and pulmonary extravascular water volume in men. AB - In order to estimate the pulmonary blood volume between the pulmonary artery trunk and the left atrium (PBV PAT-LA), simultaneously with the pulmonary extravascular water volume (PEWV) in the chronically stable cardiac patients, we employed the double indicator dilution method using heat as a diffusible indicator and indocyanine green as a non-diffusible indicator. The PEWV was obtained as the extravascular lung thermal volume estimated in the aortic root (LTVAo). In the group of hemodynamically normal patients, in spite of ischemic heart disease (G-N, n = 22), the mean pulmonary artery wedge (PAW) pressure was 9.3 +/- 3.9 mmHg (mean +/- SD), PBVPAT-LA was 8.95 +/- 1.71 ml/kg, LTVAo was 5.71 +/- 1.37 ml/kg and PBVPAT-LA/LTVAo ratio was 1.64 +/- 0.44. In the group of hemodynamically slightly compromised patients with mitral stenosis (G-MS, n = 13), the mean PAW pressure was 14.2 +/- 2.6 mmHg, PBVPAT-LA was 11.12 +/- 2.86 ml/kg, LTVAo was 5.68 +/- 1.41 ml/kg and PBVPAT-LA/LTVAo ratio was 2.02 +/- 0.58. Between the two groups, LTVAo was not statistically significant, whereas the mean PAW pressure, PBVPAT-LA and PBVPAT-LA/LTVAo ratio were all significantly increased in G-MS (p less than 0.05). Neither PBVPAT-LA nor LTVAo correlated with the mean PAW pressure in both groups. From PBVPAT-LA/LTVAo ratio, fluid volume in the intravascular space was greater than that in the extravascular space in both groups. From LTVAo, PEWV in G-MS was identical with that in G-N, in spite of the elevated mean PAW pressure. Therefore, even in the patients with mitral stenosis, the interstitium in the lung is kept "dry" under conditions of the mean PAW pressure below 20 mmHg. The safety factors that prevent pulmonary edema, as evidenced in animal studies, seem to operate effectively in man. PMID- 3894711 TI - [Effect of isoflurane anesthesia on plasma levels of hormones and hemodynamic changes during and after open heart surgery]. PMID- 3894710 TI - Current diagnosis of infective endocarditis. AB - An analysis was made of 91 cases of infective endocarditis (IE) with regard to causative organisms and their sensitivities to various antibiotics, the clinical features of the disease, the laboratory test results and other items were important in establishing a diagnosis of IE. The number of cases of IE has shown a tendency to increase in recent years, particularly in the number of elderly patients, and the ratio of total cases consisting of prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) has shown a sharp increase. The most common causative organism is still Streptococcus viridans, but there has been an increase in the incidence of IE due to benzyl-penicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus faecalis and other fastidious organisms. The percentage of underlying diseases represented by combined valvular diseases has been increasing, while the primary known cause of the infection of IE was dental treatments. A positive value for CRP, an accelerated value for ESR, leukocytosis, anemia, a decrease in serum Fe, a positive value for RA-T, were all parameters which showed a high correlation with IE, and these should be useful in establishing the diagnosis of IE. The use of cardioechography to detect cardiac vegetation is important in relation to establishing the diagnosis and prognosis of IE, and the evaluation of the therapeutic results. PMID- 3894712 TI - [Case reports of prolonged curarisation following renal transplantation]. PMID- 3894713 TI - [Conservative treatment of operable breast carcinoma by radical radiotherapy]. AB - Treatment of operable breast carcinoma by radical irradiation instead of total mastectomy was discussed in conformity with our experiences and reports. No significant differences were obtained between conservative management and radical mastectomy in the rate of locoregional control and survival. The cosmetic results were satisfactory in almost all of patients. This method must be considered and established on concepts based on the multimodal treatment of breast carcinoma in Japan. PMID- 3894714 TI - [External compression and the appearance of calcification in gastric x-rays and abdominal echography]. AB - To enhance the efficacy of abdominal echography, 3,970 people at high risk have been chosen from a mass screening of the stomach since may 1980. 942 individuals with 1,057 lesions including 22 primary malignancies of the liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and ren were found. Of the four were detected in the operable stages. To detected malignancies in their early (curable) stages, those examines at low risk should be more aggressively pursued, despite the tendency for the relative rate of detection to decline. PMID- 3894715 TI - [High-dose cytosine arabinoside in acute leukemia: a cooperative study]. PMID- 3894716 TI - [Progress in diagnostic methods in infection]. PMID- 3894717 TI - Nonsecretory myeloma: analysis of two patients by immunoperoxidase studies and plaque-forming cell assay. AB - We studied the production and secretion of immunoglobulin by tumor cells in two patients with nonsecretory myeloma, by means of an immunoperoxidase technique and plaque-forming cell assay. Immunoperoxidase staining of bone marrow cells revealed monoclonal proliferation of immunoglobulin-containing cells, and the plaque-forming cell assay of peripheral mononuclear cells and bone marrow cells showed secretion of monoclonal immunoglobulin from the myeloma cells. These observations suggest that the secreted protein disappears as a result of enhanced catabolism or rapid deposition. There has been speculation as to the existence of this type of nonsecretory myeloma, but there had been no evidence. We were able to demonstrate it with the plaque-forming cell assay. PMID- 3894718 TI - [Acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 3894719 TI - [Ultrasonically guided drainage of thymic cyst]. PMID- 3894721 TI - [Ultrasonography of the biliary tract]. PMID- 3894720 TI - [A case of adult ileoileal intussusception diagnosed by ultrasound]. PMID- 3894722 TI - [Induction of pemphigus lesions in neonatal mice by passive transfer of pemphigus antibodies]. PMID- 3894724 TI - [The immunohistopathologic findings of Norwegian scabies by means of the PAP method]. PMID- 3894723 TI - [Antinuclear antibodies and clinical signs in systemic scleroderma--relationship to score diagnosis]. PMID- 3894725 TI - [Immunohistological study of delta antigen in the liver with fulminant hepatitis]. PMID- 3894726 TI - [Motilin release in depancreatized dogs, and the discrepant effect of heterogenous insulin on regulation of motilin release]. PMID- 3894727 TI - [Studies on intraglomerular immunoglobulins in various types of glomerulonephritis--immuno-electron microscopic observations (electron-immuno peroxidase method)]. PMID- 3894728 TI - [Reabsorption of beta 2-microglobulin in the kidney during interferon-induced beta 2-microglobulin overproduction]. PMID- 3894729 TI - [Echotomographic screening for abnormal urinalysis]. PMID- 3894730 TI - Deterioration of renal function and hyperkalemia in hypertensive patients with impaired renal function during captopril administration. PMID- 3894731 TI - Acute and chronic effects of captopril on the renin-angiotensin and kallikrein kinin systems affecting blood pressure and natriuresis. PMID- 3894732 TI - Pathophysiology and outcome of hypertensive subjects. AB - Pathophysiology, outcome and some therapeutic problems of hypertension were described. Frequency of secondary hypertension and its underlying diseases in a hypertensive population greatly varied by study population. In the adult general population (Hisayama study) it was estimated to be 3.8%. Significance of various tests was evaluated in the diagnosis of renovascular hypertension and primary aldosteronism. Consideration of sodium balance in the evaluation was very necessary. The usefulness of captopril test was emphasized. Blood pressure was tended to decrease in upright posture and ambulation in cases with essential hypertension responding to acute sodium depletion by a significant reduction in blood pressure. In the observation of diurnal rhythm of urinary sodium excretion, the peak phase appeared about 3 hours earlier in essential hypertension than in normal control and 5 to 6 hours later in primary aldosteronism and Cushing syndrome. Sympathoadrenal function was activated in young borderline hypertensives but not in middle-aged ones. Outcome of hypertension accompanying diabetes mellitus was poor. Cardiovascular disease and renal failure occurred much frequently. Significance of hypertension as a risk factor of cardiovascular disease was described based on the data obtained through prospective epidemiological study (Hisayama Study). Hypertension was significantly correlated with stroke but not with myocardial infarction. Serum cholesterol level did not significantly correlate with both stroke and myocardial infarction. Reduction in stroke incidence in recent years was described in relation to the changes in risk factors of cardiovascular diseases. Pathophysiology and outcome of malignant hypertension (KW III-IV) were described in relation to underlying disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3894733 TI - [Passing of Mr. Akihiko Okamura, a noted photo-journalist who campaigned for human rights: an active life encompassing Vietnam War and bioethics]. PMID- 3894734 TI - On smoking: the bad news and the promising stop-smoking movement. PMID- 3894735 TI - Toward a healthier emergency care family. PMID- 3894736 TI - On running. Interview by Iris C. Frank. PMID- 3894737 TI - An effective "solution" to accidental adhesion with Krazy Glue. PMID- 3894738 TI - Management of cervical spinal cord injury. PMID- 3894739 TI - Mastocytosis with profound hypotension. PMID- 3894740 TI - Nitrous oxide for pain control in the emergency department. PMID- 3894741 TI - Financing an educational conference. PMID- 3894743 TI - Pain and pleasure of running. PMID- 3894742 TI - An educational ladder for flight nurses: one helicopter program's experience. PMID- 3894744 TI - Paranoia. PMID- 3894745 TI - Trauma patient guidelines. PMID- 3894746 TI - Effects of smoking on drugs. PMID- 3894747 TI - Nurse practice acts: trends and issues. PMID- 3894748 TI - Emergency department record problems. PMID- 3894749 TI - An unconscious alcoholic man. PMID- 3894750 TI - Host factors in carcinogenesis: certain bile-acid metabolic profiles that selectively increase the risk of proximal colon cancer. PMID- 3894751 TI - Carcinoma-specific Ulex europaeus agglutinin-I binding glycoproteins of human colorectal carcinoma and its relation to carcinoembryonic antigen. AB - Glycoproteins binding to Ulex europaeus agglutinin-I (UEA-I) lectin, which recognizes the terminal alpha-L-fucose residue, were analyzed in 18 cases of human colorectal carcinoma by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by the Western blotting method. In the distal large bowel (descending and sigmoid colon and rectum), high-molecular-weight glycoproteins binding to UEA-I existed in carcinoma tissue but not in normal mucosa. In the proximal large bowel (ascending and transverse colon), high molecular-weight glycoproteins binding to UEA-I were found both in normal mucosa and in carcinoma tissue, whereas those from the carcinoma tissue had an apparently lower molecular weight as compared to the weight of those from the normal mucosa. Thus there is a biochemical difference in UEA-I binding glycoproteins between the normal mucosa and the carcinoma tissue, although in our previous histochemical study no difference was observed in UEA-I binding glycoproteins of the proximal large bowel between the carcinoma tissue and the normal mucosa. Furthermore, carcinoembryonic antigen from the carcinoma tissue was found to have the same electrophoretical mobility as the UEA-I binding glycoproteins. PMID- 3894752 TI - Metastatic capacity of cloned T10 sarcoma cells that differ in H-2 expression: inverse relationship to their immunogenic potency. AB - Clones of the T10 sarcoma, originated in a (H-2b X H-2k)F1 mouse, differ in their metastatic competence, correlated with differences in the expression of antigens of the two parental haplotypes. In fact, the metastatic phenotype is determined by the H-2Dk antigen. Whether the different major histocompatibility complex gene products control the metastatic phenotype via their different immunogenic properties was tested. The involvement of the immune system in controlling the development of metastases was inferred from experiments in which nonmetastatic T10 cloned cells were found to produce both experimental and spontaneous metastases in syngeneic immune-suppressed mice. After the testing of T-cell mediated immune responses, metastatic T10 cloned cells, which expressed the H-2Db and H-2Dk antigens, were nonimmunogenic in their syngeneic hosts, whereas nonmetastatic T10 cloned cells, which expressed predominantly the H-2Db antigens, evoked a strong T-cell response. H-2Db and H-2Dk antigens expressed on T10 cells appeared to differ in their immunogenicity. This was further supported by the observation that whereas a good antibody response was elicited by H-2Db antigens expressed on T10 cells, only a low anti-H-2Dk antibody was produced. The different T10 cloned cells were not susceptible to natural killer (NK) activity in an in vitro assay, yet in vivo studies suggested the participation of NK activity in controlling T10 metastasis. In animals with depressed NK activity, metastases were generated even by nonmetastatic clones, whereas in animals in which NK activity was elevated, even metastatic clones failed to generate metastases. Both T-cell-mediated immune responses, probably restricted by the H 2D products and NK reactivity, appeared to participate in controlling the development of metastases by T10 cells. PMID- 3894754 TI - The Kansas Medical Society membership directory 1985. PMID- 3894753 TI - Reconstitution of the W/Wv stem cell differentiation defect by infection with Rauscher leukemia virus. AB - Hematopoietic stem cells of W/Wv mice failed to produce macroscopically visible hematopoietic spleen colonies in irradiated recipient mice. Infection of W/Wv mice of the spleen focus-forming virus-susceptible genotype Fv-2ss (DBA/2) or Fv 2rs (BD2F1) with Rauscher leukemia virus (RLV) restored the spleen colony-forming capacity of the stem cells. The resulting spleen colonies had normal size and cellularity; the frequency of and ratio between granulocyte-macrophage and erythroid progenitor cells were also normal, without excessive production of erythroid cells. The frequency of spleen colony-forming units (CFU-S) appeared to be strongly reduced in W/Wv mice. The seeding fraction of RLV-infected W/Wv stem cells in the recipient spleens did not differ from that of uninfected or RLV infected +/+ stem cells. At equivalent numbers of CFU-S, spleen suspensions of RLV-infected W/Wv mice were equally effective as +/+ control suspensions in protecting irradiated mice from death due to bone marrow failure. Thus the number of CFU-S observed appeared to be predictive for the number of W/Wv cells required for effective radioprotection. In irradiated W/Wv mice that received transplants of RLV-infected W/Wv cells, circulating erythrocyte numbers approached those of control mice; the erythrocytes were of normal size, in contrast to the macrocytic red cells of untreated W/Wv mice. The reduced frequency of CFU-S in RLV-infected W/Wv mice can be readily explained by a reduced self-replicating capacity, attributable to the W/Wv genes, which was not reconstituted by infection with RLV. The data indicate a direct involvement of pluripotent stem cells upon infection with RLV. PMID- 3894755 TI - [Prostaglandins in myocardial infarct]. PMID- 3894756 TI - [Disopyramide phosphate: the electrophysiological mechanisms of its anti arrhythmia action and its use in clinical practice]. PMID- 3894757 TI - [Contribution of cardiology therapists to medical support at the front and rear during World War II 1941-1945]. PMID- 3894759 TI - [Physicians in World War II]. PMID- 3894758 TI - [Analysis of the symptoms of ischemic heart disease with a lesion of the trunk of the left coronary artery by using an automated information system]. AB - Using an information system, the authors compared the results of the examination of 169 patients with coronary heart disease and left coronary artery trunk lesions and of 605 patients without such lesions. The functioning of the system was controlled by a complex of programmes designed according to the modular principle. It comprises the following modules: modules of the formation and control of the data pool, modules of the formation of sub-pools according to a given set of signs and modules of data processing. The patients with coronary heart disease and a lesion of the left coronary artery trunk had a number of clinical characteristics including frequent and severe anginal attacks, a large zone of myocardial ischemia, a low exercise tolerance and a considerable depression of the ST segment on the ECG, as well as a long rehabilitation period. PMID- 3894760 TI - Sickle cell nephropathy: new insights into its pathophysiology. PMID- 3894761 TI - Renin release from isolated afferent arterioles. AB - A new in vitro system was developed in which renin release was studied in the absence of tubules, glomeruli, and macula densa. Rabbit afferent arterioles were isolated by microdissection and incubated in medium 199 for consecutive 15-min periods. Renin concentration of incubation media and arteriolar tissue was measured using partially purified rabbit angiotensinogen. Basal renin release rate was 0.68 +/- 0.06 ng of angiotensin I (AI) X hr-1 X arteriole-1/hr incubation of arterioles (x +/- SEM, N = 29), and remained stable for 60 min. The renin release rate was 2.76 +/- 0.22% of arteriolar renin content each hour, and there was a significant correlation between the two (r = 0.73, P less than 0.01). Renin release increased from 0.56 +/- 0.07 to 1.71 +/- 0.17 ngAI X hr-1 X arteriole-1/hr (P less than 0.01, N = 6) during exposure to isoproterenol (8.1 X 10(-5) M) and returned to basal values during the recovery period. Dietary sodium depletion resulted in a significantly greater arteriolar renin content (86.1 +/- 17.5 ngAI X hr-1/arteriole) compared with that from rabbits on a normal sodium diet (26.8 +/- 2.51 ngAI X hr-1/arteriole). However, sodium depletion did not alter the basal renin release rate suggesting that sodium depletion increased renin content in a storage pool rather than a pool contributing to basal release. It is concluded that the isolated afferent arteriole is a good model for the study of renin release in the absence of tubules, glomeruli, and macula densa. PMID- 3894763 TI - Transplant glomerulopathy: evolution of morphologically distinct changes. AB - The study was undertaken to redefine morphological appearance and clinical implications of the diagnosis of transplant glomerulopathy (TGP). Fifty-seven renal transplant biopsy specimens from thirty patients with the diagnosis of TGP were evaluated. Multiple repeat biopsies in several cases enabled us to follow the pattern of the evolution of the changes. Transplant dysfunction manifested itself 8 days to 13 years post-transplantation by proteinuria and/or elevated creatinine level. The earliest recognizable morphological change was the swelling of endothelial and mesangial cells. This stage was called evolving TGP. The intermediate stage was characterized by enlarged glomeruli with lobular simplification, spongy matrix, and glomerular basement membrane (GBM) deformities. The advanced stage of TGP showed pronounced GBM changes (reduplication, interposition). These light microscopic changes were associated with vascular rejection. Immunofluorescence showed significant glomerular deposition of IgM (83% of biopsies) and fibrinogen (66%). Electron microscopy at an early stage showed subendothelial widening with cellular debris and focal endothelial damage with fibrin deposition. In the advanced stage, complex GBM changes developed as a reparative response to the capillary wall injury. Effacement of foot processes was a constant finding at all stages. In follow-up, twenty-three allografts failed (77%), five patients are stable, and two died due to other causes. TGP has specific morphology with an attendant poor long-term prognosis for the allograft. PMID- 3894762 TI - Postbinding defects of insulin action in human adipocytes from uremic patients. AB - It is now well established that longstanding human uremia is associated with impaired in vivo insulin action on glucose utilization of peripheral target tissues. In an attempt to define the cellular basis of the uremic insulin resistance we studied insulin action in adipocytes from eight patients with undialyzed chronic uremia and from eight matched healthy controls. (125I)-Insulin binding to fat cells from uremic patients was normal. In contrast (14C)-D-glucose transport exhibited decreased sensitivity to insulin. The concentrations of insulin that elicited half-maximal response was 422 +/- 95 pmoles/liter in uremic patients and 179 +/- 38 pmoles/liter in normal subjects (P less than 0.01). The noninsulin- and the maximal insulin-stimulated glucose transport of adipocytes from uremic patients with normal. (14C)-D-glucose conversion to total lipids was also measured in these cells in the absence and presence of various insulin concentrations. Similar to the findings in transport studies the lipogenesis of fat cells from uremic patients had depressed sensitivity to insulin (half-maximal stimulation at 38 +/- 8 pmoles/liter in uremic patients and at 11 +/- 3 pmoles/liter in normal subjects, P less than 0.01) with unchanged noninsulin and maximal insulin-stimulated lipogenesis. Taken together these results suggest that the insulin resistance of adipocytes from patients with chronic uremia may be accounted for primarily by postbinding defects localized to glucose transport and metabolism. PMID- 3894764 TI - Prediction of kidney mercury content by isotope techniques. AB - A 61-year-old female patient accidentally aspirated liquid mercury during a medically ordered diagnostic procedure. To develop animal-based guidelines, liquid mercury was introduced into the lungs of four dogs. Based on the study of these animals, a method of predicting the kidney inorganic mercury burden was developed using radioactive isotope dilution techniques. It was further demonstrated in dogs that oral administration of dimercaptopropane sulfonate (DMPS) increased mercury excretion and reduced the kidney burden. A rat experiment was performed permitting a statistical evaluation of the assumptions basic to the use of the method. The method was applied to the patient with the result that the kidney inorganic mercury burden was predicted to be 28.1 mg, 8 months after the accident. Treatment with DMPS increased urinary excretion and the post-treatment kidney burden was estimated at 19.6 mg Hg. Inasmuch as the radioactive dose to the subject may be kept at a negligible level and because sensitive methods exist for measurement of radioactive and stable mercury concentrations, the technique may be applicable in special cases to the estimation of kidney inorganic mercury burdens incurred by industrial exposure. PMID- 3894765 TI - Influence of antigen distribution on the mediation of immunological glomerular injury. AB - To determine if the site of immune reaction could influence the mediation and morphological expression of glomerular injury in experimental anti-glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) nephritis and membranous nephropathy, we studied the events that followed the in situ reaction of rat antibody with antigen planted in either the GBM (especially the lamina rara interna) or in the subepithelial space (SE). Non-nephritogenic amounts of noncomplement-fixing sheep anti-GBM or anti tubular brushborder antibody were injected into separate groups of rats to plant sheep IgG in the GBM and SE, respectively. Kidneys containing sheep IgG were then transplanted into naive recipients that were passively immunized with rat anti sheep IgG. There was marked proteinuria after 2 days (antigen in GBM: 226 +/- 50.7; antigen in SE: 69 +/- 50.7 mg/24 hr) that was abrogated by prior depletion of complement in both groups (antigen in GBM: 10.2 +/- 1.7; antigen in SE: 14.3 +/- 8.7 mg/24 hr). When antigen was planted in SE, inflammatory-cell depletion with either anti-neutrophil (PMN) serum or lethal irradiation had no effect on proteinuria. In contrast, anti-PMN abolished proteinuria (12.0 +/- 5.6 mg/24 hr) and irradiation reduced it by 60% when antigen was in GBM. Glomeruli of kidneys with antigen in GBM were significantly larger and more hypercellular than those with antigen in SE after transplantation into immunized recipients. Endothelial cell injury and adherence of inflammatory cells to denuded GBM were prominent in the former (antigen in GBM), while glomeruli with antigen in SE showed only subepithelial deposits, adjacent slit-diaphragm displacement, and epithelial cell foot-process effacement. Thus, the reaction of antigen and antibody in glomeruli produced complement-mediated injury which was cell-independent when complex formation occurred on the outer aspect of the GBM but was cell-dependent when the same reagents reacted more proximally to the circulation. We therefore conclude that antigen distribution can critically influence the mediation and morphologic expression of immune glomerular injury and may, in part, account for variations in the clinical and histological manifestations of antibody-induced glomerular disease in humans. PMID- 3894767 TI - [Soviet surgeons in World War II]. PMID- 3894766 TI - [In the beginning--Hermann Bruning. 75 years of university pediatrics in Rostock]. PMID- 3894768 TI - [Prevention and treatment of reflux esophagitis following gastrectomy in stomach cancer patients]. PMID- 3894769 TI - [Development of the surgical service in Transcarpathia under Soviet power]. PMID- 3894770 TI - [Evstafii Petrovich Rudikovskii (1784-1851)]. PMID- 3894771 TI - [Organization of treatment for wounded Ukrainian partisans in World War II]. PMID- 3894772 TI - [Diagnosis and surgical treatment of dolichosigmoid in children]. PMID- 3894773 TI - [Renal biopsy and its clinical evaluation of uropathies in newborn infants and young children]. PMID- 3894774 TI - [Immediate and remote results of the treatment of closed injuries of the kidneys in children]. PMID- 3894775 TI - [Short bowel syndrome in children]. PMID- 3894776 TI - [Method of appendectomy with layer-by-layer suturing of the appendiceal stump]. PMID- 3894777 TI - [Petr Ivanovich D'iakonov (on the 130th anniversary of his birth)]. PMID- 3894778 TI - [A device for obtaining latticed skin transplants]. PMID- 3894779 TI - [Treatment of suppurative diseases of soft tissues by cryogenic and cryosurgical methods in a polyclinic]. PMID- 3894780 TI - [An important stage in the development of military field surgery]. PMID- 3894781 TI - [Soviet military field surgery during World War II 1941-1945]. PMID- 3894782 TI - [Indicators of carbohydrate metabolism in patients with suppurative arthritis of the lower limbs]. PMID- 3894783 TI - [Free cutaneo-muscular plasty in deep burns of the calvaria]. PMID- 3894784 TI - [Post-burn neck deformities and their correction with cervico-thoracic skin adipose tissue flaps]. PMID- 3894785 TI - [Gunshot fractures of the femur]. PMID- 3894786 TI - Use of ferrets in studies of the visual system. AB - The ferret (Mustela putorius furo) is proving to be an excellent experimental animal for many anatomical and physiological studies of the adult and developing visual system. As a result, the amount of data available on the ferret's visual system is increasing at a rapid rate. The purposes of this paper are to briefly review some of those data and to present some of the reasons why the ferret is an appropriate choice as an experimental animal for visual system studies. PMID- 3894787 TI - The forebrain of the ferret. AB - The basic neuroanatomy of the forebrain, mainly of the telencephalon, of the adult ferret (Mustela furo), is reviewed and illustrated with special references to the features that distinguish this animal from other carnivores. References to the pertinent literature describing similar regions of other carnivores are cited. PMID- 3894788 TI - Localization of measles virus antigens in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis in ferrets. AB - Young adult male ferrets were inoculated intracerebrally (i.c.) with a cell associated encephalitogenic subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) virus strain to study the pathogenesis of the disease at the ultrastructural level. Most became acutely ill in 8-13 days. Areas of the brain were examined with indirect immunoperoxidase labeling techniques to detect measles antigen. None of these animals showed the characteristic viral nucleocapsids or marked inflammatory response associated with SSPE. However, all had positive immunolabeling of unstructured virus antigen, especially in post-synaptic regions in all areas of the brain that were examined. One ferret, immunized with measles vaccine 40 days prior to challenge with SSPE, became ill 18 days post inoculation (p.i.). Perivascular cuffings of inflammatory cells and large cytoplasmic inclusions of fuzzy nucleocapsids were found in the brain and spinal cord. The study indicates that ferrets which become acutely ill after inoculation with cell associated SSPE virus do so before there is a marked cellular immune response or formation of virus nucleocapsids. PMID- 3894789 TI - Behavior and neurobehavioral teratology using the ferret. AB - A behavioral profile of the ferret is presented for those who would like to use this animal in behavioral teratology and toxicology, or other disciplines involving behavior. We have reviewed neurobehavioral teratology of lisencephalic ferrets and neuropsychology of ferrets sustaining frontal lesions, as well as most of the studies of "normal" ferret behavior that have appeared in the research literature. Emphasis is placed on discussion of the tests used and how ferrets behaved on them. The behaviors discussed include spatial (maze) learning, delayed response, visual discrimination learning, discrimination learning sets, schedule maintained behavior, shock avoidance learning and spontaneously occurring behaviors, such as ambulation in open field, spontaneous alternation and species specific behaviors. Although the use of the ferret in behavioral experiments is not yet extensive and large gaps exist in our knowledge about the basic functional capacities of this animal, the ferret is unquestionably well suited for behavioral studies. PMID- 3894790 TI - Laboratory management of the ferret for biomedical research. AB - Ferrets have become an increasingly important animal in biological research. This paper discusses unique aspects of the ferret's anatomy, reproductive behavior, husbandry, and diseases as they relate to the research use of this animal. PMID- 3894791 TI - Compendium of recent literature on the ferret. AB - A survey of research publications since 1977 indicated that the ferret is a rather popular research animal. Using the BIOSIS and MEDLINE data bases, 569 citations of research involving the ferret were identified. Over 27% of these citations involved the use of ferrets in the field of physiology, and an additional 24% of the citations were in virology and immunology. The areas of pharmacology, toxicology and teratology accounted for 10.4, 8.4 and 4.0% of the citations, respectively. PMID- 3894792 TI - Glomerular cell culture. AB - Glomerular cell culture has now become a widely used research technique. At the present time procedures are available to obtain isolated glomeruli from nearly all species. The isolation of individual cells has proven problematical. This is due to the lack of defined markers. Thus, it is not yet possible to determine the presence and relative degree of contamination by other glomerular or even nonglomerular, cell types. The importance of dealing with individual cell types, or defined mixtures, is exemplified by the variable results obtained in the assessment of prostaglandin synthesis within and between species. Several important bits of information have, nevertheless, evolved from glomerular cell culture experiments. The sites of synthesis of basement membrane components, as well as their composition, have been determined. Confirmation of the existence of a bone marrow-derived mesangial cell population and some of their properties has been obtained. The response of mesangial cells to, as well as their production of, various mediators has been shown. Finally, clear evidence for interspecies differences and similarities has been documented. Areas of controversy remain, including whether contractile mesangial cells are phagocytic, the presence of C3b receptors on epithelial cells, the amounts and types of certain extracellular matrix products synthesized by the various cell types, and the best methods for separation and culture of the individual glomerular cell types. There remain many fruitful areas for research. Fundamental questions such as the appropriate basal medium and supplements, the type of substrate, and the means to separate the individual cell types remain as unanswered or partially answered questions. When isolated cells are reliably obtained, the study of biosynthetic products in the resting and stimulated states must be again addressed. At that point, the effect of various and deliberate combinations of the glomerular cell types on the biosynthetic or proliferative responses will require further studies. For instance, although contractility mediated by receptors for angiotensin II has been assumed to be a specific property of mesangial cells, recent work shows that epithelial cells also respond to angiotensin II. In addition, the handling of immune complexes by various cells needs to be further investigated (43). Similarly, the pharmacologic response of the diverse populations of glomerular cells represents another area of study that has just begun. Finally, these data will provide the backdrop on which the analysis of various induced and genetic diseases can be performed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3894793 TI - Recurrent diabetes mellitus in the pancreas iso- and allograft. A light and electron microscopic and immunohistochemical analysis of four cases. AB - Four patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus received segmental pancreatic grafts. The donors were HLA-identical twins in three patients and an HLA-identical sibling in one. Each patient had normal glucose metabolism in the posttransplantation period but impaired graft function developed after 6 to 12 weeks. Complete loss of function developed in three patients. The fourth patient received immunosuppressive therapy but continues to require a low dose of insulin 15 months following transplantation. Pancreatic graft biopsy at the time of declining graft function in three patients revealed a mononuclear cell infiltrate centered upon islets consisting of variable numbers of T11 (pan T), OKT8 (suppressor-killer), OKT9 (transferrin receptor), OKT10 (activated), and HLA-DR reactive mononuclear cells, as well as 63D3 and OKM1 reactive monocytes. Biopsies obtained following loss of graft function revealed resolution of the inflammatory process and selective destruction of all islet beta-cells in two patients, whereas graft biopsy in one patient demonstrated a mononuclear cell infiltrate in islets containing demonstrable beta-cells but no infiltrate in islets without beta-cells. Following immunosuppressive therapy the fourth patient showed resolution of the insulitis and destruction of beta-cells in 70% of the islets. The variable numbers of beta-cells observed in the remaining islets likely account for the relatively low amount of exogenous insulin required by this patient. There was no immunohistologic evidence of humoral mediated immune reaction in any of the biopsies. It is postulated that selective beta-cell destruction was a consequence of cell-mediated immunity leading to recurrent diabetes mellitus. PMID- 3894794 TI - The hepatic extracellular matrix. II. Electron immunohistochemical studies in rats with CCl4-induced cirrhosis. AB - Monospecific antibodies against collagen types I, IV, fibronectin, and laminin were used to characterize the hepatic extracellular matrix in CCl4-induced cirrhosis. Of the four antigens studied, fibronectin was the first (2 weeks) to be deposited in Disse's space. Synthesis of fibronectin by hepatocytes was demonstrable by 3 weeks. This increased synthesis and deposition of fibronectin continued throughout the cirrhotic process. Type I collagen was deposited in the same areas as fibronectin, but there was a delay of 2 weeks between fibronectin deposition and the subsequent type I collagen deposition. Like fibronectin, type I collagen was localized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum of hepatocytes, but unlike fibronectin type I collagen synthesis was restricted to hepatocytes near zones of necrosis. Type I collagen and fibronectin synthesis were demonstrable only in hepatocytes. Type IV collagen deposition was noticeable after 3 to 4 weeks of CCl4 administration and continued throughout the cirrhotic process. Laminin deposition was delayed, with regard to type IV collagen, by 1 to 2 weeks. Except for this time lag, both basement membrane components codistributed in the space of Disse and were synthesized by the same cells: endothelial, smooth muscle, and Ito cells. The deposition of these two basement membrane components culminated with the formation of continuous endothelial basement membranes. The four extracellular matrix components studied were synthesized and secreted by resident cells of the normal liver. It is proposed that fibronectin deposition in the space of Disse, modulating collagen deposition, may be the crucial event in the cirrhotic process. The interposition of basement membranes between plasma and hepatocytes may have profound effects on hepatic systemic functions. PMID- 3894795 TI - Histochemical and cellular changes induced in the rabbit knee joint by an intraarticular implantation of a sheet of polyethylene. AB - Implantation of a sterile rigid sheet of polyethylene into the right patellofemoral rabbit joint caused changes that resemble those found in human osteoarthritis. Initial synovial proliferation resulted in the isolation of the implant. Marginal osteophytes developed from soft cellular tissue which later underwent chondrification and finally became ossified. Articular cartilage under the area in contact with the implant showed early cell necrosis and diffuse loss of metachromasia. Focal superficial fibrillation followed and later developed into deep erosions and bone exposure. The first clefts appeared tangentially to the surface within an acellular electron-dense material. In spite of numerous mitotic divisions of viable chondrocytes, mainly in clusters or clones, cell density progressively decreased in every layer of articular cartilage beneath the implant. The present study suggests that necrosis of chondrocytes, and the later failure of viable cells to respond adequately to the altered environment, can lead to cartilage fibrillation and then to more severe lesions. PMID- 3894796 TI - Therapy and research. AB - The thesis is developed that therapy and research are not necessarily the same activity and that clinicians are not necessarily researchers. Though there are commonalities between research and therapy, especially as the use of single subject research designs has increased, using the scientific method to guide therapy is not the same as doing science. The requirements of good therapy and good research are often different in critical ways. Both research and therapy are important to the vitality of the profession, and the profession is strengthened when the differences are acknowledged. PMID- 3894797 TI - Some problems in the clinical application of phonological theory. PMID- 3894798 TI - Historical note on the development of possessive pronouns. PMID- 3894799 TI - Major histocompatibility complex regulation of the immune response. AB - The ability of an organism to distinguish self from nonself is determined by a cluster of genes located in the major histocompatibility complex. Recent advances in molecular genetics and cellular immunology have begun to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for immune response regulation. In this review article, the genetic organization of the murine and human major histocompatibility complexes and the manner by which their gene products modulate immune responsiveness are discussed. PMID- 3894800 TI - Distribution of oestrogen and androgen receptors between the stroma and epithelium of the guinea-pig prostate. AB - A procedure is described for separating guinea-pig prostatic tissue into viable epithelial and stromal fractions. Epithelial cells were isolated using 0.1% protease, but this method resulted in significant damage to the stromal cells. However, using a mechanical tissue fractionation technique, a viable stromal matrix consisting predominantly of confluent sheets of smooth muscle cells and intervening collagen fibres was obtained. Although this method selectively spilled-out the epithelial cells, the majority were non-viable and therefore not suitable for receptor studies. Electron microscopy confirmed that cell architecture and organelle morphology were well preserved in both the enzymatic epithelial preparation and the mechanically prepared stroma. Saturation analysis studies indicated that the concentration of high affinity (Kd approximately 0.15 nM) oestrogen receptors was approx. 10-times greater in the separated stroma than in the epithelial fraction. In contrast, the concentration of androgen receptors (Kd approximately 2.2nM) was almost 2-fold greater in the epithelial than in the stromal fraction. These findings suggest that oestrogen, either independently or in association with androgen, may play a role in the growth and development of the stromal component of the guinea-pig prostate. PMID- 3894801 TI - Binding of activated progesterone receptor to microsomes. AB - Specific binding of steroid hormones to microsomes has been reported for several tissues. In the hen oviduct, this receptor appears to be very similar to activated cytosolic receptor. The microsomal receptor is readily solubilized, and resembles the cytosolic receptor in all physico-chemical characteristics: sedimentation coefficient approximately 4 S, Stokes radius 5.5 nm, slow dissociation rate of the complex, adsorption to polyanions. It is precipitated by an antibody to the cytosolic receptor. Microsomes display saturable binding of cytosolic receptor, with a Bmax of approximately 300 fmol/mg protein. This binding is also observed using microsomes from non-target tissues, and is decreased by treatment with RNase. It seems likely that microsomal binding is due to the high affinity of activated cytosolic receptor for RNA. PMID- 3894802 TI - Revascularization of ischemic bronchial anastomoses by an intercostal pedicle flap. AB - Ischemia of the donor bronchus, perfused solely by retrograde collaterals from the pulmonary circulation, is an important factor in the impaired healing of the bronchial anastomosis of transplanted lungs. The healing of two experimental models of bronchial anastomotic ischemia, the bronchial segmental autograft and the postpneumonectomy bronchial autograft, was assessed in dogs. The application of a polytetrafluoroethylene wrap to the bronchial segmental autograft and the application of an intercostal pedicle flap to the postpneumonectomy bronchial autograft, with and without concomitant administration of corticosteroids, were also studied to elucidate factors that affect bronchial anastomotic healing. The bronchial segmental autograft healed normally without stricture, but isolation of this autograft from the mediastinum and lung by the polytetrafluoroethylene wrap resulted in necrosis of the autograft. All dogs that had a postpneumonectomy bronchial autograft died of bronchopleural fistulas due to autograft necrosis. Application of an intercostal pedicle flap to the autograft resulted in healing in all animals. Arteriography and Microfil injection demonstrated revascularization of the postpneumonectomy bronchial autograft by the pedicled intercostal artery. Several conclusions can be drawn: With the lung in situ the bronchial segmental autograft survives, probably as a free composite graft. In contrast, the postpneumonectomy bronchial autograft is an excellent model of bronchial anastomotic ischemia. The intercostal pedicle flap is a reliable method for providing neovascularity and mechanical reinforcement to an ischemic bronchial anastomosis. Its effect on bronchial anastomotic healing was not diminished by administration of corticosteroids. The intercostal pedicle flap may be useful in preventing bronchial anastomotic complications in clinical lung transplantation. PMID- 3894803 TI - Clinical and biologic correlates of insulin binding by leukemia lymphoblasts. AB - The percentage of total 125I-labeled insulin specifically bound to lymphoblasts was measured in 46 children with leukemia. Among 35 children with newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), specific insulin binding ranged from 0.09 to 14.8% per 10(6) blasts. A lower level of insulin binding was correlated with T cell surface markers (P less than 0.003), higher hemoglobin level (P less than 0.005), presence of a mediastinal mass (P less than 0.01), lower glucocorticoid receptor level (P less than 0.02), higher platelet count (P less than 0.04), age less than 2 or greater than 10 yr (P less than 0.05), white blood cell count greater than or equal to 100 X 10(3)/mm3 (P less than 0.06) and higher labeling index (P less than 0.07). It was not correlated with the presence of central nervous-system disease, FAB classification, or sex. With a follow-up of 24 to 33 + months, insulin binding was not correlated with treatment outcome. Six patients with relapsed ALL and three with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia showed insulin binding levels similar to those in newly diagnosed ALL patients. Blasts from one patient with B-cell ALL and one with chronic myelogenous leukemia were characterized by lower insulin binding, while lymphoblasts from a patient with T cell lymphoma bound insulin at marginally detectable levels. In vitro studies with IM-9, NALM-1 and NALM-16 cell lines showed that changes in insulin binding caused by dexamethasone treatment were not correlated with hormone-induced cell death. Although study of insulin binding by malignant lymphoid cells may be important in understanding the biology of leukemic cells, it does not appear to have any obvious clinical utility. PMID- 3894804 TI - Immunological detection of covert leukaemic spread in mediastinal T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma. AB - A double immunofluorescence assay for terminal transferase (TdT) and surface membrane T-cell differentiation markers, defined by monoclonal antibodies, was used to analyse peripheral blood and bone marrow from patients with mediastinal T cell lymphoma with clinically localized disease. In 2 patients, at diagnosis and during two subsequent relapses, cells with abnormal immunological phenotype were detected in low numbers in the peripheral blood, which contained no morphologically abnormal cells on any occasion. Bone marrow was uninvolved by immunological criteria on 3 of 4 examinations. The findings suggest that morphologically undectable T-lymphoblasts escape from the site of disease origin in the thymus in patients with lymphoblastic lymphoma, leading to "seeding" of sites such as bone marrow and central nervous system. Furthermore, the techniques described appear to be potentially very useful for the monitoring of lymphoblastic lymphoma patients for early prediction of disease relapse. PMID- 3894806 TI - [Complete denture repair (2)]. PMID- 3894805 TI - Pattern of subtypes of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in India. AB - Leukemic cells from 124 acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and 31 chronic lymphatic leukemia (CLL) were examined for sheep erythrocyte receptor (E), surface immunoglobulin (SIg) and their reactivity with a panel of monoclonal antibodies recognizing specific surface antigens including pan-T, Common ALL and Ia antigens. In acute lymphatic leukemia, 33% of patients reveal T-cell receptor associated with higher age group, mediastinal mass and high WBC count. Common ALL was predominant between 2 and 9-yr age group. Among chronic lymphatic leukemia, 2 patients were found to be T-CLL while 29 revealed presence of SIg. Ia antigen was detected in 44.4% of ALL and 64% fo CLL patients. The pattern of surface marker observed in our series may be related to our life style, socio-economic and environmental factors. PMID- 3894807 TI - [Hard to heal granulation tissue inside the pocket of marginal periodontitis. Management of periodontitis]. PMID- 3894808 TI - [Frenoplasty in the edentulous jaw]. PMID- 3894809 TI - [Indications for a telescopic prosthesis, with special reference to the design]. PMID- 3894810 TI - [Quick Jet for polishing the surfaces of teeth: evaluation of surface smoothness]. PMID- 3894811 TI - [Cast denture bases and bridges--why they break and how to repair them]. PMID- 3894812 TI - The state of the art in renal replacement programmes for chronic uraemia at the University of Rome. PMID- 3894813 TI - Clinical experience with the use of charcoal haemoperfusion: is prostacyclin required? AB - Twenty patients have undergone a total of 47 charcoal haemoperfusions without the use of prostacyclin. A fall in platelet numbers and evidence of platelet activation have been found during haemoperfusion but few clinical complications have been observed. Therefore, we believe that the clinical value of the addition of prostacyclin during charcoal haemoperfusion has not been proven. Nevertheless, its apparent protective effect on platelet numbers and activation indicates that further controlled trials of the use of prostacyclin during charcoal haemoperfusion are required. PMID- 3894815 TI - Albertus Magnus--Doctor universalis. PMID- 3894814 TI - Clinical trial of adjuvant chemotherapy after surgical resection of colorectal cancer metastatic to the liver. AB - Adjuvant chemotherapy consisting of 5-fluorouracil and semustine was given to 26 patients who had undergone resection (with curative intent) of hepatic metastatic lesions from a primary colorectal carcinoma. Our objective was to obtain preliminary observations regarding the effectiveness of this regimen for improving the long-term survival associated with hepatic resection alone in these patients (the overall 5-year survival after hepatic resection is 25% at our institution). At the time of analysis, the malignant disease had progressed in 19 of our patients, and 17 patients had died. For all patients who receive adjuvant chemotherapy, the median duration of survival is 34 months, and the estimated 5 year survival is 15%. Statistical analysis indicated no significant advantage in survival for the study patients in comparison with 26 control patients who were treated with hepatic resection only and were closely matched for prognostic factors. Because 5-fluorouracil plus semustine conferred no apparent beneficial effects as an adjuvant treatment in this exploratory study, we do not recommend a definitive randomized trial of this regimen. PMID- 3894816 TI - Clinical significance of Pseudallescheria boydii: a review of 10 years' experience. AB - Pseudallescheria boydii is a recognized cause of mycetoma, a chronic fungal disease that usually affects the extremities. Isolated case reports have also implicated P. boydii in infections of other sites. We report the first large series (83 isolates) of P. boydii in 46 patients, including the second report of P. boydii brain abscess and disseminated infection in a noncompromised host. Between 1974 and 1984 at our institution, P. boydii was cultured from a variety of sites: respiratory tract, 36; soft tissue, 25; bone, 9; gastric aspirate, 4; maxillary sinus, 2; wound, 2; urine, 2; brain abscess, 1; ear, 1; and toenail, 1. Pulmonary colonization proved to be the most common form of pseudallescheriasis of the lung (34 of 36 cultures in this category); 28 of the 32 patients with pulmonary infections had received immunosuppressive therapy or had an underlying disorder. The importance of isolation of P. boydii from bone and soft tissue is supported in this series because all 9 cultures from bone and 21 of 25 cultures from soft tissue were associated with infection. Of 10 cases of infection, 5 were osteomyelitis and 2 were infected wounds; in addition, maxillary sinusitis, disseminated infection, and a lung abscess occurred in 1 patient each. PMID- 3894817 TI - Pulmonary disease in the immunocompromised host (2). AB - In this second segment of our article on pulmonary disease in the immunocompromised host (ICH), we review the infections associated with pulmonary infiltrates in the ICH and the diagnostic approaches for both infectious and noninfectious conditions. Although certain immunologic defects may predispose patients to specific infectious agents, virtually any infectious agent can cause pulmonary disease in any ICH. Physical findings and laboratory observations may give the clinician clues about probable causes of infection. Nevertheless, invasive diagnostic procedures-in particular, open-lung biopsy-are often necessary to diagnose pulmonary disease in the ICH. The relatively new technique of bronchoalveolar lavage is useful in diagnosing pulmonary disease in the patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Further studies are necessary to confirm the reliability of this procedure as a diagnostic method in the ICH who does not have AIDS. PMID- 3894818 TI - The ultrastructural features of secretory cells of some endocrine glands in aging. AB - In the electron microscopic investigation of the secretory cells of adenohypophysis, adrenal cortex, adrenal medulla and pancreatic islets from the adult and old Wistar male rats, certain age-related ultrastructural features have been found. Age changes appeared to be more pronounced in the thyrotrophs, somatotrophs and gonadotrophs of the adenohypophysis and in zona glomerulosa and zona reticularis spongiocytes of the adrenal cortex. They consisted of atrophy of the Golgi apparatus, appearance of the cytoplasmic vacuoles, lipid and lipofuscin granules, secondary lysosomes and damage of the inner mitochondrial membrane. Parallel to these, hypertrophy of the Golgi apparatus and rough endoplasmic reticulum, formation of giant mitochondria and presence of a great number of secretory cells in the cellular cytoplasm were noted in zona fasciculata spongiocytes and chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla, and in beta cells of the pancreatic islets during aging thus evidencing for the adaptive changes in the ultrastructure of these cells. However, no appreciable age changes have been observed in the ultrastructure of the adrenocorticotropic cells of the adenohypophysis. PMID- 3894819 TI - Attenuation measurements in atherosclerotic tissues: problems with phase cancellation artefacts. PMID- 3894820 TI - Computerised evaluation of acid-base disorders based on a nine-cell decision matrix. PMID- 3894821 TI - A demographic portrait of physicians sanctioned by the federal government for fraud and abuse against Medicare and Medicaid. PMID- 3894822 TI - What determines the start of prenatal care? Prenatal care, insurance, and education. AB - The effects of financial coverage, education, race, age, and marital status on the start of prenatal care was studied in this analysis of 85,000 live births that occurred in New York City in 1981. Log-linear models were selected for the three variables prenatal care, coverage, and education after the data had been partitioned by race, age, and marital status. An overall model for the six variables was also selected to determine the relationship between race, age, and marital status and the three principal variables named above. Late or no prenatal care was found to be associated with Medicaid and an education of less than 12 years. For the most part, the association of race and age with late or no prenatal care was mediated by coverage and education. Hispanics, blacks, and teenagers who experienced greater odds of incomplete education and Medicaid insurance experienced greater odds of late or no prenatal care. PMID- 3894823 TI - [Sternocostoclavicular hyperostosis: presentation of a case and review of the literature]. PMID- 3894824 TI - [Respiratory distress syndrome of the adult and septicemia caused by Salmonella enteritidis]. PMID- 3894826 TI - [Immunopathology (II)]. PMID- 3894825 TI - [Study of a summer camp for young diabetics]. PMID- 3894827 TI - [Current concept of the Mallory-Weiss syndrome]. PMID- 3894828 TI - [Clinical evaluation of penbutolol (Hoe 893d) (beta adrenergic blocker), alone and in combination with hydrochlorothiazide, in the treatment of arterial hypertension. II. Effect on plasma electrolytes, renal function, plasma renin and aldosterone activity and risk factors, including plasma lipids]. PMID- 3894829 TI - [Human subacute spongiform encephalopathies]. PMID- 3894830 TI - [Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: report of a case]. PMID- 3894831 TI - Computers in toxicological education: an overview. PMID- 3894832 TI - Purine analogs and related nucleosides and nucleotides as antitumor agents. PMID- 3894833 TI - Free radical-induced pathology. PMID- 3894834 TI - Combination therapy in the treatment of helminth diseases. PMID- 3894835 TI - Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. PMID- 3894836 TI - [Swedish cases of fatal malaria. Chloroquine-resistant falciparum strains]. PMID- 3894837 TI - [A highly sensitive rapid urine test for HCG--an aid to the early diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy]. PMID- 3894838 TI - [The men behind the syndrome: Kenneth Mallory and Soma Weiss. They surveyed the neuromuscular cooperation which cause the rifts in gastric mucosa]. PMID- 3894839 TI - Aims and practical application of a multi organ procurement protocol. AB - According to the present situation of nonrenal organ transplantation there is an urgent need for heart, liver and pancreas grafts. To confront the steadily widening gap between cadaveric organ demand and supply the introduction of a multiorgan procurement protocol is mandatory. This protocol that is described in detail should regulate the collaboration between donor hospitals, the Eurotransplant Foundation, and transplant centers. On the basis of general, specific, and organspecific criteria potential donors can be evaluated, selected and accepted, then being followed by a well organized combined organ retrieval. The application of the proposed procurement protocol is expected to contribute significantly to the frequency and success rate of organ transplantation in Europe. PMID- 3894840 TI - [The "old radical" surgery. History and development of surgery of the mastoid]. AB - After a brief historical outline of the radical operation of the ear, the possibilities are presented which are at our disposal to construct a mastoid cavity after removal of the posterior bony wall of the auditory canal, thus keeping the problems for the patient at a minimum. At best, a small self cleansing well-designed cavity is formed under favourable conditions. Important prerequisites for the construction of such a cavity are: A good overview obtained by smoothening of the cavity walls; widening of the auditory canal entrance (cartilage excision); removal of excess bone covering the facial nerve; and reducing the size of the cavity by means of a Palva flap while preserving the postauricular artery and its larger branches. Postoperative management (and cleansing) must be done with an operation microscope. PMID- 3894841 TI - [Treatment of Meniere disease with betahistine dimesilate (Aequamen)--double blind study versus placebo (crossover)]. AB - The efficacy of treatment of Meniere's disease was investigated in 2 double blind study versus placebo. Forty patients were given 36 mg betahistine dimesilate daily for at least six weeks. The course of disease and findings one year before and one year after the treatment were noted and compared for assessing the therapeutic success. The findings on threshold audiograms, spontaneous and provoked nystagmus and caloric tests did not show any significant changes. A slight improvement was noted in the low frequency range of threshold audiograms. Dizziness, tinnitus and disturbances of walking were significantly improved. The incidence of vertigo attacks was reduced to 64%. In 89% of the patients no further vertigo attacks were seen after the treatment. The best results of betahistine dimesilate treatment were observed in the early stages of Meniere's disease. PMID- 3894842 TI - Acute mastoiditis: a review of 34 patients. AB - A review of 34 patients presenting with acute mastoiditis was undertaken. Prior treatment was noteworthy for lack of medical or surgical drainage at the time of initial otitis media. Typical findings, in hospital, included postauricular edema and tenderness, displaced auricle, and distorted tympanic membrane. X-rays were not diagnostic, nor were they helpful in determining who was a surgical candidate. Treatment was individualized. Patients with obvious subperiosteal abscesses, and those who did not respond rapidly to enteric antibiotics, underwent early mastoid surgery. The remaining patients received enteric antibiotics, had drainage established, and were carefully followed. Most resolved without mastoid surgery. Patients with a history of antecedent ear disease were examined separately from those without such history. The former group required mastoid surgery more often than the latter and had poorer outcome. PMID- 3894843 TI - Tracheostomy tube fracture: an unusual etiology of upper respiratory airway obstruction. AB - Tracheostomy tube fracture with subsequent migration of the proximal fragment down the tracheobronchial tree is an almost unheard of cause of tracheal foreign bodies. Most such occurrences have been reported outside the United States, and only six previous reports have been filed. We report an additional case of fractured tracheostomy tube and review the literature. PMID- 3894844 TI - Thermal biofeedback and the treatment of tinnitus. AB - Thermal biofeedback and general relaxation procedures were employed to treat 32 patients with subjective tinnitus. Each patient received eight 1-hour biofeedback sessions over an eight-week period, while listening to standard Jacobsonian type relaxation tapes. Sixty-five percent of the patients experienced a reduction of their symptoms. While none reported worsening of their symptoms, only two reported total symptom abatement. Findings suggest relaxation and peripheral vascular circulation are inversely related to the intensity of tinnitus symptoms. The probability that an individual will benefit from biofeedback appears related to his/her ego strength (Es). No differences were noted between the performance of male and female patients. Although not fail-safe, biofeedback and relaxation treatment are excellent management tools in the treatment of tinnitus. PMID- 3894845 TI - [Accuracy of ultrasound-guided fine needle biopsy in pancreas cancer--effect of puncture frequency and character of puncture material]. AB - There is no agreement upon the number of punctions guided by ultrasonography needed to establish cytologically the diagnosis of pancreas carcinoma. Therefore reliability of the method as being dependent upon the number of punctions in 43 maligne tumors of the pancreas was evaluated. Performing two to five punctions yielded significantly better results than just one. In addition the macroscopic aspect of the aspirate is important. PMID- 3894846 TI - The effect of Mycobacterium leprae on PHA- and PPD-induced inhibition of leukocyte migration in leprosy patients. PMID- 3894847 TI - 'Naaman's dilemma'--factors influencing the compliance of patients to prescribed drugs in chronic diseases, with particular reference to leprosy. PMID- 3894848 TI - Leprosy and procreation--a historical review of social and clinical aspects. PMID- 3894849 TI - Rapid, radiometric in vitro assay for the evaluation of the anti-leprosy activity of clofazimine and its analogues. PMID- 3894850 TI - [Psychodynamic and psychiatric aspects of hemodialysis and kidney transplantation]. PMID- 3894851 TI - [A record of an autopsy performed in Zadar in 1727]. PMID- 3894853 TI - Reproductive/endocrine and anaphylactoid properties of an LHRH-antagonist, ORF 18260 [Ac-DNAL1(2), 4FDPhe2,D-Trp3,D-Arg6]-GnRH. AB - It has been demonstrated in a variety of experiments that ORF 18260 inhibits (ED100) spontaneous and LHRH-induced ovulation in rats (10 micrograms/kg s.c.; 10 mg/kg i.g.) and hamsters (100 micrograms/kg s.c. and 100 mg/kg i.g.). Inhibition of LHRH induced ovulation appears to be competitive in nature. In normally cycling animals, efficacy varies with time of administration. In the spontaneously ovulating rat, the most effective time is 15.00 hr of proestrus; in the hamster it is 10.00 hr. Continuous administration inhibits ovulation in rats, and ORF 18260 has contragestational activity in rats and hamsters but not in guinea pigs and mice. Prostate growth in rats is inhibited at a dose of 100 micrograms/kg (s.c.). Our studies also suggest that ORF 18260 can also induce cutaneous anaphylactoid-like reactions in rats. When compound is administered intradermally in rats, ORF 18260 causes a dose-related whealing response, noticeable from the 0.01 micrograms/rat dose level. PMID- 3894852 TI - Luteinizing hormone releasing hormone mediates naloxone's effects on serum luteinizing hormone levels in normal and morphine-sensitized male rats. AB - Naloxone produces large increases in serum luteinizing hormone (LH) levels in normal males and females, supporting a role for endogenous opioids (EOP) in the tonic inhibition of LH. Since the antagonist apparently exerts no important effects on the pituitary, the reasonable assumption has been made that it elevates gonadotropin levels by affecting the release of LH-releasing hormone (LHRH) from the hypothalamus. However, at present there is no direct in vivo evidence supporting this widely-held view. In an attempt to directly demonstrate that naloxone increases the secretion of LHRH, and thereby elevates serum LH levels, we examined whether a potent synthetic antagonist of LHRH ( [D-p Glu1, D Phe2, D-Trp3,6]-LHRH, GPT-LHRH) blocked the effects of naloxone in male rats with a normal response to naloxone and in those with a markedly enhanced sensitivity to the drug induced by a brief period of morphine pellet implantation. Our results demonstrated that GT-LHRH antagonized equipotent doses of LHRH (100 ng/kg) and naloxone (0.5 mg/kg) over a similar time course with approximately the same AD50. Most importantly, however, we showed that the GPT-LHRH produced equivalent, parallel shifts to the right in the dose-response curves for LHRH and naloxone, indicative of competitive inhibition. We also found that GPT-LHRH completely abolished the enhanced response to naloxone's effects on LH which occurs in morphine-pretreated rats. Since we observed no competition between LHRH and naloxone for their binding sites in pituitary or brain, the only viable interpretation of our results is that naloxone increases LH by inducing the release of LHRH. PMID- 3894854 TI - [Relative biological effectiveness of highly active mixed gamma-neutron 252Cf radiation]. AB - Comprehensive radiobiological studies of the relative biological and genetic efficacy (RBE and RGE) of powerful 252Cf radiation (the ANET-B unit) were conducted using research tools of various radiosensitivity (bacteria, Drosophila, Chinese hamster cells, murine thymocytes, human and murine bone marrow stem cells, human peripheral blood lymphocytes, Lewis lung carcinoma cells). It was shown in the tests of reproductive or interphase death and chromosome aberrations that the RBE and the RGE values of a 252Cf new source varied within the same limits from 1.3 to 3.0 whereas in the tests of gene mutations the RGE of the source did not exceed the efficacy of 60Co gamma-radiation and in some cases it was much lower. Thus the RBE of the new source in induced lethal and chromosome damages was 2-4 times lower than the efficacy of a low-activity 252Cf source used now in radiotherapy. PMID- 3894855 TI - [Current views on the effects of ionizing radiation on mammals and the problem of standardization]. PMID- 3894856 TI - [Monoclonal antibodies in the radionuclide diagnosis and therapy of tumors]. PMID- 3894857 TI - [The role of radionuclide methods in the evaluation of the respiratory tract clearance function in lung pathology]. PMID- 3894858 TI - [Bone injuries during radiation therapy of tumors in children and adolescents]. PMID- 3894859 TI - Nursing revisited: Lucy Lincoln Drown (August 4, 1847-June 21, 1934). PMID- 3894860 TI - [A great victory]. PMID- 3894861 TI - [Contribution of the Soviet Red Cross to the effort of the great victory]. PMID- 3894862 TI - [In the name of peace and life on earth]. PMID- 3894863 TI - [The motherland celebrated them as the 1st]. PMID- 3894864 TI - [The journal Meditsinskaia sestra during World War II (a review of the journal Meditsinskaia sestra for 1942-1945)]. PMID- 3894865 TI - [Historical development of the concept of insanity]. PMID- 3894866 TI - Epidemiology, pathomechanics, and prevention of athletic injuries to the cervical spine. AB - Athletic injuries to the cervical spine associated with quadriplegia most commonly occur as a result of axial loading. Whether it be a football player striking an opponent with the top or crown of his helmet, a poorly executed dive into a shallow body of water where the subject strikes his head on the bottom, or a hockey player pushed into the boards head first, the fragile cervical spine is compressed between the rapidly decelerated head and the continued momentum of the body. Appropriate rule changes recognizing this mechanism have resulted in a reduction of football quadriplegia by two-thirds. Presumably, educational efforts designed to inform the public of the dangers of diving would have a similar effect. The predominance of the axial loading mechanism is not as clearly defined in trampoline and minitrampoline injuries. However, both of these devices are dangerous when used in the best of circumstances, and their use has no place in recreational, educational, or competitive gymnastics. The emergence of severe cervical spine injuries resulting from ice hockey is recognized. Methods, based on sound scientific evidence, to modify the games so as to prevent these injuries are lacking. PMID- 3894867 TI - Psychogenic factors and exercise metabolism: a review. AB - It has been recognized for many years that factors of a psychogenic nature can influence resting as well as exercise metabolism, and the primary purpose of the present review was to summarize existing evidence dealing with this topic. The review is focused primarily upon experimental evidence involving the hypnotic manipulation of metabolism, since most of the relevant literature has relied upon utilization of the hypnotic tool. Several investigations involving non-hypnotic manipulations are directly related to the general research theme, and these reports are also included in the review. Following a general overview, research involving the influence of cognition and affect on heart rate, cardiac output, forearm blood flow, respiration rate, ventilatory minute volume, and oxygen consumption at rest is considered. The following section deals with the influence of cognition and affect, as well as perception on these same physiological parameters during exercise. It is concluded that psychogenic factors representing the cognitive, affective, and perceptual domains can significantly influence resting as well as exercise metabolism. PMID- 3894868 TI - The relationship between mechanical and physiological energy estimates. AB - The physiological energy expenditure involved in common activities such as running, walking, or cycling can be influenced by a variety of biomechanical factors. In evaluating changes in mechanical energy in order to derive a measure of mechanical power which is more directly related to metabolic energy cost, it is necessary to be able to identify the source of these changes. Factors such as concentric and eccentric muscular contractions, transfer of energy, elastic storage and reuse of energy, and joint range of motion limitations can all change the mechanical energy of a segment, but each involves a different metabolic energy expenditure. While a number of computational methods have been suggested for the calculation of mechanical power, each incorporates a different set of assumptions involving the factors just mentioned, and widely varying results for mechanical power have been obtained. The lack of definitive information concerning the relationship between mechanical and physiological energy changes limits the accuracy, meaningfulness, and usefulness of measures of mechanical power and muscular efficiency. PMID- 3894869 TI - Mechanical and muscular factors affecting the efficiency of human movement. AB - This paper reviews specific examples of how energy expenditure during submaximal exercise is affected by mechanical and muscular factors. Structural biomechanical variables are discussed as a possible reason for economy differences between individuals. The practical question, "Can economy of performing a certain task be modified?" is posed. Examples of how the manipulation of a particular movement pattern results in an energetic minimum (optimal phenomena) are presented. The physiological mechanisms for these phenomena are summarized. The influence of positive vs negative work and storage of elastic energy in relation to the topic of economy and muscular efficiency is considered. The effects of athletic equipment such as footwear, track surfaces, and bicycle components on economy and muscular efficiency are presented. The prospects for improving athletic performance by improving economy are evaluated, and recommendations for future directions are made. PMID- 3894870 TI - A physiologist's view of running economy. AB - The relationship between VO2 and velocity of running (running economy) has been rather casually dealt with until very recently, and there still remains considerable disagreement as to the importance of this variable. Various factors which have been shown, or appear, to affect running economy include environment (temperature, altitude, running surface), fatigue, age, weight, state of fitness, and inherent differences. That differences between individuals and within individuals can and do exist seems clear; the questions which need to be addressed in future research are: (1) What type of training is most effective in bringing about changes in running economy? and (2) How much change in economy can be expected with optimum training? Furthermore, it is suggested that running economy be investigated as an entity, so that changes that may take place with time or training can be more accurately related to their cause. PMID- 3894871 TI - Effect of fructose ingestion on muscle glycogen usage during exercise. AB - Eight healthy males were studied to compare the effects of preexercise fructose and glucose ingestion on muscle glycogen usage during exercise. Subjects performed three randomly assigned trials, each involving 30 min of cycling exercise at 75% VO2max. Forty-five min prior to commencing each trial, subjects ingested either 50 g of glucose (G), 50 g of fructose (F), or sweet placebo (C). No differences in VO2 or respiratory exchange ratio were observed between the trials. Blood glucose was elevated (P less than 0.05) as a result of the glucose feeding. With the onset of exercise, blood glucose declined rapidly during G, reaching a nadir of 3.18 +/- 0.15 (SE) mmol X 1(-1) at 20 min of exercise. This value was lower (P less than 0.05) than the corresponding values in F (3.79 +/- 0.20) and C (3.99 +/- 0.18). No differences in exercise blood glucose levels were observed between F and C. Muscle glycogen utilization was greater (P less than 0.05) during G (55.4 +/- 3.3 mmol X kg-1 w.w.) than C (42.8 +/- 4.2). No difference was observed between F (45.6 +/- 4.3) and C. There was a trend (P = 0.07) for muscle glycogen usage to be lower during F than G. These results suggest that the adverse effects of preexercise glucose ingestion are, in general, not observed with either fructose or sweet placebo. PMID- 3894872 TI - Physiological responses to a 20-mile run under three fluid replacement treatments. AB - Ten experienced male marathon runners ran 20 miles (32.18 km) on an outdoor course in a warm climate to measure responses in selected physiological variables as a result of drinking water, an electrolyte-glucose solution (ERG), or a caffeine solution (5 mg X kg-1 body weight) before and during the run. The caffeine solution and water were colored and flavored to resemble the electrolyte glucose solution so that a double-blind condition could be maintained. Subjects ingested a different fluid in each of the three trials in a counterbalanced design. Parameters studied were: heart rate; rectal temperature; body weight; hemoglobin and hematocrit; serum glucose, sodium, potassium, chloride, and free fatty acids; perceived exertion; respiratory exchange ratio (R); and fractional utilization of VO2max (percentage of VO2max). Both R and percentage of VO2max were higher in subjects who drank the caffeine solution compared to those who drank water. Although post-run free fatty acid mean values were significantly higher than pre-run levels, there were no statistically significant differences among the fluid treatments. Since no other differences were observed, we concluded that, under the outdoor road-running conditions encountered here, these fluid replacement treatments did not differ in their effects on the parameters studied. PMID- 3894873 TI - Arlie V. Bock, pioneer in sports medicine. December 30, 1888-August 11, 1984. PMID- 3894874 TI - A new method for venous interposition grafts using fibrin glue. AB - We developed a new technique of venous interposition graft where the principle of sleeve anastomosis was applied at the proximal suture site and fibrin glue was used at both suture sites to prevent leakage. An advantage of this procedure was a reduction in the number of stitches, which reduced operative time and obtained good vascular healing. Since in an animal experiment a high patency rate of 97% was obtained, we applied the procedure to a clinical case with complete amputation at the PIP joint level of a long finger. Good recirculation was seen on angiography 6 weeks postoperatively. PMID- 3894875 TI - History of (micro) vascular surgery and the development of small-caliber blood vessel prostheses (with some notes on patency rates and re-endothelialization). AB - The historical development of vascular surgery is reviewed from ancient times (Ruphus of Ephesus, Aetius of Amida) to recent developments (sutured anastomosis by Carrel). Attempts to anastomose blood vessels by means of nonsuturing technique, using a ring or short tube of diverse materials called prostheses, were undertaken at the start of this century and continued until shortly after World War II. With the advent of modern polymeric materials, prostheses of different types, sizes, structures, and fabrics have been used to substitute for blood vessels, both experimentally and clinically. Recently, blood vessel prostheses with small (1-1.5 mm) internal diameters became available and have been implanted experimentally. Patency rates, biophysical and structural properties, the re-endothelialization and the neointima formation of several types of microvascular prostheses are briefly reviewed. PMID- 3894876 TI - Pancreatic beta-cell function in cirrhotic patients with and without overt diabetes. C-peptide response to glucagon and to meal. AB - To study the role of pancreatic beta-cell function in glucose intolerance and frank diabetes that sometimes develops in cirrhosis, the C-peptide response to a bolus IV injection of 1 mg of glucagon was measured in nine controls and in two groups of patients with cirrhosis. The first group comprised nine subjects with normal or high-normal fasting plasma glucose and no glycosuria; five of them had impaired glucose tolerance. The second group consisted of eight cirrhotics in whom frank diabetes had developed six to 48 months after the diagnosis of cirrhosis. They were characterized by fasting plasma glucose greater than 140 mg/dL and permanent glycosuria. No differences in the degree of liver impairment or portal-systemic shunting were observed between the two groups. Plasma glucose response to glucagon was similarly reduced in cirrhotic subjects. Basal C-peptide was high normal in patients with cirrhosis, and significantly increased in nondiabetic subjects. By contrast peak C-peptide levels and total C-peptide responses to glucagon were low normal in cirrhotics and significantly reduced in patients with cirrhosis and diabetes. In 14 patients the C-peptide response to a standard meal was also measured. It was significantly reduced in patients with cirrhosis and diabetes (six cases), as compared to cirrhotic subjects without diabetes. Peak C-peptide after IV glucagon significantly correlated with peak C peptide after the meal (r = .927), or total C-peptide response to meal (r = .871). Impaired insulin secretion may add to insulin resistance in patients with liver cirrhosis, leading to the development of frank diabetes, characterized by fasting hyperglycemia and glycosuria. PMID- 3894877 TI - Inverse relationship of serum HDL and HDL2 cholesterol to C-peptide level in middle-aged insulin-treated diabetics. AB - Serum lipids and lipoproteins were measured in 170 insulin-treated diabetics (90 females, 80 males) and in 124 nondiabetic control subjects (59 females, 65 males) aged 45 to 64 years. Plasma C-peptide response to intravenous (IV) glucagon was measured in order to classify the patients according to their capacity of endogenous insulin secretion. In both sexes, HDL and HDL2 cholesterol were higher in diabetics with no C-peptide response than in controls, whereas diabetics with high C-peptide response (postglucagon C-peptide level greater than 0.60 nmol/L) showed lower levels of HDL and HDL2 than nondiabetic controls. When adjustment for age, alcohol consumption, physical activity, body mass index, and insulin dose was made by analysis of covariance, the highly significant difference in HDL and HDL2 cholesterol level between diabetics with no C-peptide response and diabetics with high C-peptide response still remained in both sexes. This study gives support to the hypothesis that elevated HDL and HDL2 cholesterol levels in insulin-treated diabetics are not explained by effects of treatment with exogenous insulin, but rather are associated with the type of diabetes characterized by deficient endogenous insulin secretion. PMID- 3894878 TI - Purification of farnesylpyrophosphate synthetase by affinity chromatography. PMID- 3894879 TI - Squalene synthetase. PMID- 3894880 TI - Formation of 12-cis-dehydrosqualene catalyzed by squalene synthetase. PMID- 3894881 TI - Platelet-activating factor isolation, identification, and assay. PMID- 3894882 TI - Recent developments in biochemical nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. PMID- 3894883 TI - Chemiluminescence as an analytical tool in cell biology and medicine. PMID- 3894884 TI - Computers in biochemical analysis. PMID- 3894885 TI - Circular dichroism and its empirical application to biopolymers. PMID- 3894886 TI - Unstable mutations caused by regional tandem multiplications in the gene for ribosomal protein S4 show thermosensitivity in Escherichia coli. AB - The nucleotide sequence of the gene rpsD for the ribosomal protein S4 of three thermosensitive mutants of Escherichia coli K12 was determined. It was found that two of them contained regional multiplications of a nucleotide sequence within the gene rpsD. In one case, it is a duplication of a 31 nucleotide stretch and in another it is a triplication of a 41 nucleotide stretch. The thermosensitive phenotype of the two mutants is unstable and reverts at the frequency of approximately 10(-4). The revertants regain the wild-type nucleotide sequence. We postulate that the two mutant genes that contain regional multiplications possibly take an intra-strands secondary structure, which is cleaved to regenerate the wild-type sequence, probably during DNA replication. PMID- 3894887 TI - Cutaneous postocclusive reactive hyperemia monitored by laser doppler flux metering and skin temperature. AB - The initial Laser Doppler Flux (LDF) values and skin temperature in the first, third, and fifth finger were evaluated as well as the postocclusion reactive hyperemia (PORH) response to a 4-min suprasystolic compression. The mean values varied from 276.5 to 335.3 mV while the skin temperature ranged from 32.5 to 34.2 degrees. The LDF-monitored PORH response was very reproducible with an average increase of 144.7 +/- 63.6 mV (from an initial LDF value of 327.1 +/- 134 mV). Four different time-related indices were analyzed: t/2recovery = 6.0 +/- 5.5 sec; trecovery (time to reach the initial value) = 16.7 +/- 11.5 sec; tmax (peak of overshoot) = 48.2 +/- 20.6 sec and t/2 overshoot (time to reach 50% of the tmax on the downslope) = 97.4 +/- 31.8 sec. The simultaneously monitored skin temperature changes lagged significantly behind the LDF changes probably due to the large heat capacitance of the tissue. It is expected that the described results obtained from 20 normal subjects will serve as a basis for future clinical studies involving skin perfusion disorders. PMID- 3894888 TI - Decrease in respiration activity related to prodigiosin synthesis in Serratia marcescens. AB - Variation in the cell respiration rate of pigmented and nonpigmented strains of Serratia marcescens was exhibited. The respiration rate of a pigmented strain decreased earlier than that of nonpigmented strains in the late exponential or early stationary phase. However when prodigiosin synthesis was not induced by exchange of carbon sources in the medium, the decrease in the respiration rate of the pigmented strain was the same as that of nonpigmented strains. Measurement of the oxygen consumption rate in the sonicated cell membrane by adding NADH solution showed that the rate in the pigmented strain was lower than that in nonpigmented strains. Furthermore, the cell membrane of prodigiosin-induced organisms was more sensitive to respiration inhibitors than that of pigment noninduced organisms of the pigmented strain. These results showed that the respiration activity was decreased by prodigiosin synthesis in S. marcescens. PMID- 3894889 TI - Micro-neutralization test for mumps virus using the 96-well tissue culture plate and PAP (peroxidase-antiperoxidase) staining technique. AB - A rapid micro-test method for mumps virus neutralization was developed. In this method, a 96-well tissue culture plate was used for preparation of cell monolayers and the PAP staining technique was used for visualization of mumps virus infected cells. Clusters of infected cells were observed as a focus and the numbers of foci could be counted by the naked eye 2 days after the infection. A linear relationship between virus dilutions and focus numbers was observed. When neutralizing antibodies in sera from cases of natural mumps infection were assayed, a good correlation was observed between those obtained by the focus reduction method applying the micromethod and those obtained by the ordinary plaque method. Our results indicate that this micromethod is useful in mumps virus neutralization tests and it has many advantages over other methods previously reported. PMID- 3894891 TI - The British Hospital for Mothers and Babies. PMID- 3894890 TI - Increased multiplication of dengue virus in mouse peritoneal macrophage cultures by treatment with extracts of Ascaris-Parascaris parasites. AB - Methylcellulose-elicited peritoneal macrophages from BALB/c mice were cultivated in vitro and inoculated with dengue virus (DV). At intervals thereafter portions of the culture fluids were taken and titrated for viral infectivity. Extracts from Ascaris suum and Parascaris equorum, either crude or Sephadex G-100 fractionated, were examined for effects on the multiplication of DV. The macrophage cultures treated with the above substances produced larger amounts of DV compared with untreated control cultures. The enhancing effect of the substances depended on doses added and duration of treatment and was suppressed by co-treatment with carrageenan, a specific macrophage-inhibiting agent, but was not related to the viability of cultured cells. In fluorescent antibody (FA) as well as infectious center assay experiments, it was shown that the DV-infected cells were found more frequently in treated cultures than in untreated control cultures. In the treated cultures phagocytosis by cultured cells was also of a higher magnitude than that in untreated cultures. In cocultures of macrophages and splenocytes from the same line of mice, no additive effect of splenocytes was noted. The limulus amebocyte lysate clotting enzyme reaction (Limulus test) indicated that involvement of bacterial lipopolysaccharides in the enhancement phenomena was negligible. The data so far obtained suggest that the enhancing effect was due to direct action of the parasitic extracts on macrophages. Four Sephadex G-100 fractions from the crude extracts showed similar activities; however, the effects of fractions I and III appeared to be comparatively strong. Significance of the findings in relation to the pathogenesis of DV infection was discussed. PMID- 3894892 TI - Ultrasound in obstetric practise. PMID- 3894893 TI - Computer educational and training aids for anesthesia. PMID- 3894894 TI - The psycograph: scientific character analyst. PMID- 3894895 TI - Suspension of the Australian human pituitary hormone programme. PMID- 3894896 TI - The place of coronary artery bypass surgery: an appraisal. AB - The enthusiasm for performing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery in Australia is increasing. The results of a number of careful trials which have compared surgical with medical treatment have now appeared. While there is agreement on both the increased survival provided by CABG surgery in those with left main coronary artery stenosis and the relief of symptoms in patients in whom medical therapy has failed to control severe angina, there is debate about the value of surgery in other types of disease. With improvements in medical therapy, the most recent trials have failed to show a significant overall survival benefit from surgery, although it is generally considered that surgery can relieve angina and that, in at least some groups of persons with stenosis of all three main coronary vessels (triple-vessel disease), surgery may prolong life. Alternative methods of prolonging survival among people with ischaemic heart disease include the reduction of risk factors (such as hypertension, raised blood cholesterol levels and cigarette smoking), as well as treating patients with beta-blocking agents after a myocardial infarction. We suggest it is likely that a combination of these approaches could be more effective in terms of lives saved than is CABG and may be less expensive. The current expansion of CABG surgery in Australia should be viewed in this light. PMID- 3894897 TI - Cyclosporin A and Pneumocystis pneumonia. PMID- 3894898 TI - Malaria. PMID- 3894899 TI - The Kolling Institute of Medical Research. PMID- 3894900 TI - The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research: 1915-1985. PMID- 3894901 TI - Ticarcillin--clavulanic acid (Timentin). PMID- 3894902 TI - [New protagonists of infectious diarrhea in childhood. Pathogenetic and clinical aspects]. PMID- 3894903 TI - [Newborn infants of diabetic mothers. Clinico-epidemiological aspects in relation to the treatment of diabetes in pregnancy]. PMID- 3894904 TI - [Hereditary bullous epidermolysis]. PMID- 3894905 TI - [Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis]. PMID- 3894906 TI - Juan Luis Vives--a sixteenth century view of the medical profession. PMID- 3894907 TI - Lyle A. French. PMID- 3894908 TI - Neurosurgery at the University of Minnesota 1937-1985. PMID- 3894909 TI - Minnesota Neurological Surgery Department. Reflections on the early days. PMID- 3894910 TI - The "Minnesota" 26th General Hospital-1942. PMID- 3894911 TI - [Review of the literature on craniotubular dysplasias]. PMID- 3894912 TI - [Lichen ruber planus of the oral mucosa: biological and clinical aspects. A review of the literature and the experiences drawn from clinical cases]. PMID- 3894913 TI - [Nosological picture of giant cell lesions of the jaw bones. A review of the literature. Personal observations. A proposed classification]. PMID- 3894914 TI - [Scanning electron microscopic findings on metal etching for a Maryland Bridge (1)]. PMID- 3894915 TI - [Controlled force-distribution prosthesis made of nonprecious metal]. PMID- 3894916 TI - [The margin of the prosthetic restoration]. PMID- 3894917 TI - [Clinico-experimental evaluation of the occlusal base plates in dental prostheses]. PMID- 3894918 TI - Evaluation and treatment of cerebral ischemia. Carotid endarterectomy and extracranial-intracranial bypass. AB - Patients with cerebral ischemia comprise an extremely heterogeneous group that makes analysis of treatment extremely difficult. Given the wide range of findings in the literature, one may select specific reports to justify a predetermined viewpoint. The study of Easton and Sherman has elicited a disproportionate amount of attention. Of the thousands of reported patients in the literature, this study of 228 patients with high postoperative morbidity and mortality has regrettably been cited often as the potential representative of surgical outcome in community hospitals. Undoubtedly, surgical skill varies and may affect results. Not all studies, however, support the contention that such procedures can only be performed adequately by surgeons who frequently do such operations. Most importantly, this study should redraw our attention to the fact that the success of the individual surgeon must be evaluated for any given procedure. With proper selection of patients, both carotid endarterectomy and EC-IC bypass procedures have proved to be safe and effective. In general, technical advances have heralded surgical results that appear to be superior to medical management, or no treatment, in a wide range of patients with cerebrovascular disease. Surgical results can only be evaluated when a procedure is fully developed technically and a large number of cases are accumulated. For carotid endarterectomy, and more recently EC-IC bypass, the necessary information is becoming available. However, the classification of patients to which these procedures should be applied has lagged behind. Given the variability in patients with cerebrovascular disease, this is somewhat understandable. Properly controlled studies would necessarily be unrealistically large. However, the technology and subsequent data that should be developed throughout the next decade will provide us with important information about brain ischemia and metabolism. This new technology should allow us to more completely define the exact nature of ischemic events in the individual patient. This will lead to better classification of patients and, ultimately, will improve patient selection for any methods of treatment, either medical or surgical. PMID- 3894919 TI - Craniofacial surgery. Its evolution and application. AB - Craniofacial surgery is a relatively new subspecialty that offers correction for many complex congenital, traumatic, and tumor-related deformities of the head and face. An experienced and extensive craniofacial team is imperative to the long term success of a craniofacial surgery program. A greater awareness of the syndromes and deformities involved, and of the corrections possible, leads to earlier diagnosis, appropriate early care (sometimes life-sustaining), and the establishment of proper long-term treatment plans. PMID- 3894920 TI - Neurovascular compression syndromes. AB - As I have indicated in the foregoing discussion, there are several syndromes that with various degrees of proof seem to be caused by unilateral vascular compression of a cranial nerve at the brain stem. Jannetta has summarized this concept as follows: "As we age, our arteries elongate and our brains 'sag'. As a consequence of these processes, redundant arterial loops and bridging or intrinsic hindbrain veins may cause cross-compression of cranial nerve root entry zones in the cerebellopontine angle. This pulsatile compression can be seen to produce hyperactive dysfunction of the cranial nerve. Symptoms of trigeminal or glossopharyngeal neuralgia (somatic sensory), hemifacial spasm (somatic motor), tinnitus and vertigo (special sensory), and some cases of 'essential' hypertension are caused by these vessels compressing cranial nerves V, IX-X, VII, VIII, and left X and medulla oblongata. Using microsurgical techniques, the symptoms may be relieved by vascular decompression. . .". PMID- 3894921 TI - Cervical spondylitic myelopathy. AB - The myelopathy that may accompany cervical spondylosis is examined with reference to pathogenesis, clinical features, investigations, and treatment. The importance of canal size, disk degeneration, osseous changes, the cervical motion segments, and vasculature are presented. Frequent clinical patterns, radiologic and electrophysiologic investigations, and surgical treatments are discussed. An eclectic approach appears to be best. PMID- 3894922 TI - Herniated thoracic disks. AB - Thoracic disc herniation is uncommon. An incidence of 0.25 to 0.75 per cent of protruded disks are in the thoracic region. A peak incidence is noted in the fourth decade with 75 per cent of the protruded disks occurring below T8. Pain is the most common initial symptom, present in 57 per cent of the cases, followed by sensory disturbances and motor involvement. By the time of diagnosis, 90 per cent of the patients have signs of spinal-cord compression. Although myelography has been considered the test of choice, 8 per cent false negative results and a correct preoperative diagnosis of 56 per cent has been reported. Now, with CT scanning with and without metrizamide, more accurate diagnoses can be achieved, even with cases in which myelography is negative. There has been a considerable improvement in the surgical treatment of herniated thoracic disks with over an 80 per cent rate of success for surgical approaches other than the posterior approach (decompressive laminectomy). An early and accurate diagnosis, coupled with improvement in the surgical approach, offers a much better prognosis for patients with thoracic disk herniation. PMID- 3894923 TI - Update on chymopapain. AB - Chemonucleolysis with chymopapain is accepted by many surgeons as a reasonable alternative to lumbar diskectomy for the treatment of lumbar disk disease. Approximately 70 to 75 per cent of carefully selected patients are successfully treated following this therapy, but extreme care must be exercised for precise needle placement and prompt and vigorous management of major allergic reactions. Methods to avoid major complications and their management, should they occur, are discussed. PMID- 3894924 TI - Recent advances in the treatment of ruptured lumbar intervertebral disks. AB - It should be obvious from the magnitude of the problem, its persistence in our society, and the failures of our treatment methods to date, though much improved over our past efforts, that much remains to be learned and understood about low back pain and sciatica. The causes, the treatments, and the methods of prevention all need to be researched further. The intellectually honest, inquiring clinician has an opportunity to make a meaningful contribution in this area. PMID- 3894926 TI - 1985-86 membership directory. PMID- 3894925 TI - Dynamic intraoperative imaging and instrumentation of brain and spinal cord using ultrasound. AB - Intraoperative real-time ultrasound imaging in the neurosurgical operating room is most useful in localizing, characterizing, and guiding the instrumentation of lesions of the brain and spinal cord. In the future, more and more operative procedures will be done using intraoperative ultrasound guidance. The ultrasound scanner, as developed for neurosurgery, will become another instrument in the neurosurgeon's armamentarium. PMID- 3894927 TI - [Application of vascular surgery technics in general surgery]. PMID- 3894928 TI - [An experimental study on the role of pancreatic hormones in the regeneration of the canine liver]. AB - The role of pancreatic hormones on hepatic regeneration after partial hepatectomy was studied in dogs with a new portal blood flow diversion which did not use vein graft. Right lobe of the liver received blood from the pancreas, stomach, duodenum and spleen, whereas the left lobe received blood from the intestine. Venous anastomoses were patent in 70% of survival animals for 12 weeks. Right lobe of the liver, from which 10% of the whole liver weight was removed, revealed rapid accumulation of glycogen and weight in the early stage of regeneration but failed to show sufficient removal of indocyanine green (ICG). On the other hand, left lobe, from which 40% of the liver was removed, revealed a slow and steady regenerative process and maintained efficient ICG removal throughout the study. The results revealed that endogenous pancreatic hormones could be a transient stimulating factor in the early stage of hepatic regeneration but do not require supplementation. PMID- 3894929 TI - [Adrenal myelolipoma: a case report]. AB - A 51-year old obese man had been followed up for diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Hepatomegaly was noted on routine examination without any complaints in 1981. Through further investigation of the liver, a large hyperechoic mass lesion was shown between right kidney and the liver on ultrasonogram. On admission, diabetes was controlled by diet alone and blood pressure was 160/90 mmHg. without medication. There were no abnormal findings in laboratory data including hormone assays. The mass showed fat density on CT scan and hypovascularity on angiogram. The mass was diagnosed as benign non functioning right adrenal tumor, most likely myelolipoma. By operation, the tumor was removed through long subcostal incision. The tumor was well defined and encapsulated, 14 X 8 X 8cm. in size and 480g. in weight. Microscopically the tumor was typical myelolipoma with a mixture of hematopoietic and adipose tissue. Postoperative course was uneventful and the patient discharged on 17-th postoperative day. Myelolipoma of the adrenal gland is a rare non-functioning benign tumor consisting of fat cell and bone marrow element. Only 30 resected cases of adrenal myelolipoma have been reported in the world including 7 cases in our country. PMID- 3894930 TI - Mismatch repair of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II)-induced DNA damage. AB - Because cytotoxicity by an alkylating agent such as N-methyl-N'-nitrosoguanidine is markedly increased in adenine methylase-deficient dam-3 Escherichia coli, it was of interest to assess whether mismatch repair was similarly important in the repair of DNA damage induced by cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (CDDP). The results demonstrate that after exposure to 5-40 microM CDDP, dam-3 E. coli are 2 15-fold more sensitive to the cytotoxic effects of this agent. Further, dam-3 mutL451 E. coli deficient in mismatch repair was as resistant as wild type. trans Diamminedichloroplatinum(II) treatment did not cause marked increments in cytotoxicity in dam-3 E. coli compared to wild type. The rate of excision of platinum was significantly reduced in dam-3 E. coli compared to wild type, demonstrating that differences in the repair of CDDP-induced DNA damage underlie enhanced cytotoxicity by this agent. Lastly, mutagenesis by CDDP was abrogated in umuDC- E. coli, showing that this gene product mediates mutagenesis by this agent. PMID- 3894931 TI - Magnetic separation techniques: their application to medicine. AB - Whilst separation techniques relying on gravitational forces have become relatively sophisticated in their application to biology the same is not true for magnetic separation procedures. The use of the latter has been limited to the few cells which contain paramagnetic iron. However with the development of several different types of magnetic particles and selective delivery system (e.g. monoclonal antibodies) the use of magnetic separation techniques is growing rapidly. This review describes the different types of particles currently available, the magnetic separation technique applied to the different magnetic compounds and illustrates major uses to which magnetic separation procedures are currently applied in the area of biology and medicine. PMID- 3894932 TI - Redox interconversion of glutathione reductase from Escherichia coli. A study with pure enzyme and cell-free extracts. AB - The glutathione reductase from E. coli was rapidly inactivated following aerobic incubation of the pure and cell-free extract enzymes with NADPH, NADH and other reductants. The inactivation of the pure enzyme depended on the time and temperature of incubation (t 1/2 = 2 min at 37 degrees C), and was proportional to the [NADPH]/[enzyme] ratio, reaching 50% in the presence of 0.3 microM NADPH and 45 microM NADH respectively, at a subunit concentration of 20 nM. Higher pyridine nucleotide concentrations were required to inactivate the enzyme from cell-free extracts. Two apparent pKa, corresponding to pH 5.8 and 7.3, were determined for the redox inactivation. The enzyme remained inactive even after eliminating the excess NADPH by gel chromatography. E. coli glutathione reductase was protected by oxidized and reduced glutathione against redox inactivation with both pure and cell-free extract enzymes. Ferricyanide and dithiothreitol protected only the pure enzyme, while NADP+ exclusively protected the cell-free extract enzyme. The inactive glutathione reductase was reactivated by treatment with oxidized and reduced glutathione, ferricyanide, and dithiothreitol in a time and temperature-dependent process. The oxidized form of glutathione was more efficient and specific than the reduced form in the protection and reactivation of the pure enzyme. The molecular weight of the redox-inactivated E. coli glutathione reductase was similar to that of the dimeric native enzyme, ruling out aggregation as a possible cause of inactivation. A tentative model is discussed for the redox inactivation, involving the formation of an 'erroneous' disulfide bridge at the glutathione-binding site. PMID- 3894933 TI - Molecular cloning and in vitro expression of a cDNA clone for human cellular tumor antigen p53. AB - Three clones for the human tumor antigen p53 were isolated from a cDNA library prepared from A431 cells. One of these clones, pR4-2, contains the entire coding region for human p53. This clone directs the synthesis of a polypeptide with the correct molecular weight and immunological epitopes of an authentic p53 molecule in an in vitro transcription-translation reaction. Although the pR4-2 clone contains the coding region for p53, it is not a full-length copy of the human p53 mRNA. Northern analysis showed that the p53 mRNA is approximately 2,500 nucleotides long, whereas the pR4-2 insert is only 1,760 base pairs in length. Analysis of the DNA sequence of this clone suggests that the human p53 polypeptide has 393 amino acids. We compared the predicted amino acid sequence of the pR4-2 clone with similar clones for the mouse p53 and found long regions of amino acid homology between these two molecules. PMID- 3894934 TI - Effect of ARS1 mutations on chromosome stability in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - We have used a set of deletion mutations in the ARS1 element of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to measure their effect on chromosome stability. This work establishes the previously proposed existence of three domains in ARS1. Domain C, which we have previously inferred, but not proved, to be a part of ARS1, is now established. In addition, we show that increasingly large deletions of the domain have increasingly large effects, which was not realized before. Furthermore, we have provided the first positive evidence for the central importance of a 14-base pair core sequence containing the ARS consensus element by showing that it has the ability to act as a replicator on a plasmid containing no other ARS1 flanking sequence. The method of analyzing plasmid stability used in our study employs a novel and sensitive flow cytometry assay for beta-galactosidase. We discuss ways in which flow cytometry, based on this assay, could be generalized beyond its particular application in this work to studying other aspects of the cell biology of yeast and higher cells. The actual flow cytometry method will be described in detail elsewhere. PMID- 3894936 TI - Monoclonal autoantibodies against mouse red blood cells: a family of structurally restricted molecules. AB - Cultured mouse peritoneal cells from unstimulated mice developed plaque-forming activity against isologous bromelain-treated erythrocytes. Several IgM monoclonal autoantibodies obtained by fusion of peritoneal cells from NZB or CBA origin with BALB/c myeloma cells were purified by affinity chromatography on trimethyl ammonium (TMA) column on the basis of their cross-reactivity with TMA, phosphorylcholine (PC) or choline haptens. Binding affinity for PC hapten was of the order of 10(3) M-1. Idiotypic studies with a polyclonal rabbit anti-idiotypic reagent revealed strong cross-reactions with all hybridoma autoantibodies thus far tested. In addition, the rabbit anti-idiotypic serum detected idiotypes or cross-reactive idiotypes in the sera of NZB and CBA as well as BALB/c mice. N terminal amino acid sequence analyses of three hybridoma autoantibodies from NZB mice and one from CBA mice were carried out. The sequences of the first 32 residues of the four heavy chains showed that three were identical while one had one amino acid interchange; they belong to the VHIII-subgroup. The light chains were identical in the first 35 residues with the exception of a substitution at position 3 in two light chains and are members of the VK-9-subgroup. These results entirely support the idiotypic data. These monoclonal autoantibodies from NZB and CBA mice although isolated and eluted from PC-related haptens do not have any apparent structural nor idiotypic relationship to PC-specific antibodies. Idiotypic and V-region N-terminal sequence data suggest that these autoantibodies constitute a highly restricted family of molecules likely to be encoded by unique germ-line genes which may be expressed as such or as somatic variants in different mouse strains. PMID- 3894935 TI - Frameshift suppressor mutations outside the anticodon in yeast proline tRNAs containing an intervening sequence. AB - Extragenic suppressors of +1 frameshift mutations in proline codons map in genes encoding two major proline tRNA isoacceptors. We have shown previously that one isoacceptor encoded by the SUF2 gene (chromosome 3) contains no intervening sequence. SUF2 suppressor mutations result from the base insertion of a G within a 3'-GGA-5' anticodon, allowing the tRNA to read a 4-base code word. In this communication we describe suppressor mutations in genes encoding a second proline tRNA isoacceptor (wild-type anticodon 3'-GGU-5') that result in a novel mechanism for translation of a 4-base genetic code word. The genes that encode this isoacceptor include SUF7 (chromosome 13), SUF8 (chromosome 8), trn1 (chromosome 1), and at least two additional unmapped genes, all of which contain an intervening sequence. We show that suppressor mutations in the SUF7 and SUF8 genes result in G-to-U base substitutions at position 39 that disrupted the normal G . C base pairing in the last base pair of the anticodon stem adjacent to the anticodon loop. These anticodon stem mutations might alter the size of the anticodon loop and permit the use of a 3'-GGGU-5' sequence within the loop to read 4-base proline codons. Uncertainty regarding the exact structure of the mature suppressor tRNAs results from the possibility that anticodon stem mutations might affect sites of intervening sequence removal. The possible role of the intervening sequence in the generation of mature suppressor tRNA is discussed. Besides an analysis of suppressor tRNA genes, we have extended previous observations of the apparent relationship between tRNA genes and repetitive delta sequences found as solo elements or in association with the transposable element TY1. Hybridization studies and a computer analysis of the DNA sequence surrounding the SUF7 gene revealed two incomplete, inverted delta sequences that form a stem and loop structure located 165 base pairs from the 5' end of the tRNA gene. In addition, sequences beginning 164 base pairs from the 5' end of the trn1 gene also exhibit partial homology to delta. These observations provide further evidence for a nonrandom association between tRNA genes and delta sequences. PMID- 3894937 TI - Immunopurification of human plasma kininogens. AB - Human plasma kininogens were purified by immunoadsorption on Sepharose columns using two different approaches, either removing protein impurities with the respective immunospecific polymers or applying an anti-kininogen-specific immunoadsorbent column. An anti-kininogen serum developed and investigated in this laboratory in earlier studies was used. This antiserum recognizes the native conformational determinants in the kininogen heavy chain, the common denominator in plasma kininogens, and reacts with three heterogeneous molecular forms of high mol. wt kininogen (mol. wts 103,000, 92,000 and 90,000) as well as with low mol. wt kininogen. Heterogeneity of kininogens was shown by SDS gel electrophoresis and immunoelectrophoresis. With the antibody-specific polymers the yield was 80 100% compared to 75% or lower when several consecutive immunoadsorption steps were applied to remove impurities. Both methods serve the purpose of preparing immunologically pure kininogens suitable for immunization. PMID- 3894938 TI - [Stereomicroscopy study of metallic changes due to errors during casting procedures]. PMID- 3894939 TI - [Technic for acid etching in primary teeth. Effect of chemical conditioning using 37% H3PO4 on enamel surfaces]. PMID- 3894940 TI - [Comparative data on the clinical skills of students in dentistry and dental hygienists in scaling and root planing technics]. PMID- 3894941 TI - Mononuclear phagocyte system cytotoxins: a review. PMID- 3894942 TI - [Structure of connective tissue. The unity of structure and function]. PMID- 3894943 TI - [Significance and new possibilities of the morphologic study of carbohydrates]. PMID- 3894944 TI - [Effect of caustic stains on the acidophility of tissues]. PMID- 3894945 TI - Private-sector health-care initiatives. PMID- 3894946 TI - Preclinical chemotherapy: historical aspects. PMID- 3894947 TI - Simultaneous measurement of toxicity and mutagenic activity. AB - The assay of mutagenic activity of toxic drugs is difficult to perform and analyze, because one needs to know the kinetics of both effects in order to draw reliable conclusions. This is the case with niflumic acid (NA), which reduced the viability of S. typhimurium TA1535 100 times in the Ames test, but the background microcolonies show no difference from controls and the number of revertants was not altered by the drug. A test which measures the kinetics of growth of viable bacteria and mutants in liquid medium has been developed and applied to NA. No mutagenic activity was detected and elimination of the toxicity from the medium is suggested. PMID- 3894948 TI - Bifunctional nitrofluorenes: structure-activity relationships in Salmonella typhimurium. PMID- 3894949 TI - Oxidative mutagens specific for A-T base pairs induce forward mutations to L arabinose resistance in Salmonella typhimurium. AB - Strain TA102 of S. typhimurium is a new histidine-requiring mutant, particularly suited to the detection of oxidative mutagens acting at A.T base pairs. 10 oxidizing chemicals, previously tested in strain TA102, were used to evaluate the mutagenic sensitivity of the L-arabinose forward mutation assay of S. typhimurium with respect to those types of mutagens. The mutagenicity of each compound was determined by liquid test, measuring both the frequency of mutants among the survivors and the absolute number of mutants growing in selective plates with traces of D-glucose. Strain BA13 with a wild-type lipopolysaccharide barrier was used as compared to the deep rough derivative strain BA9. The chemicals studied were: bleomycin, t-butyl hydroperoxide, chromium trioxide, cumene hydroperoxide, formaldehyde, glyoxal, glutaraldehyde, hydrogen peroxide, paraquat, and phenylhydrazine. Additionally, ultrasonic oscillation was used as a presumable non-mutagenic lethal control treatment. The L-arabinose forward mutation assay detected the mutagenic activity of all the chemicals under study with a high degree of sensitivity, including paraquat which is unable to revert strain TA102. Positive responses were obtained at doses equivalent to or 10 times lower than the doses detected by strain TA102. The results support the idea that the L arabinose forward mutation assay could replace the set of specific tester strains used by the histidine reverse mutation assay in general screening for genetic toxins. PMID- 3894950 TI - Ethylene dibromide: effects of paternal exposure on the neurotransmitter enzymes in the developing brain of F1 progeny. AB - The effects of ethylene dibromide (EDB) exposure to male rats on several neurotransmitter enzymes have been examined in various brain regions of the F1 progeny, from 7 to 90 days of age. The choline acetyltransferase activity was significantly increased at 21 days old, in most brain regions studied in the F1 progeny of the EDB-treated males, but not at 7, 14 or 90 days old. The acetylcholinesterase activity was altered in different brain regions of the F1 progeny of the EDB-exposed males at both 14 and 21 days old but not at 7 or 90 days old. Glutamic acid decarboxylase activity was increased in corpus striatum but decreased in frontal cortex only at 21 days of age. These neurochemical changes in the developing brain of F1 progeny of EDB-treated males at low doses may be associated with behavioral abnormalities observed early in their development. PMID- 3894951 TI - Photochemical oxidation of 2-aminofluorene: correlation between the induction of direct-acting mutagenicity and the formation of nitro and nitroso aromatics. AB - The kinetics of near ultraviolet light-mediated phototransformation of 2 aminofluorene (2-AF) was studied using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and the Ames/Salmonella mutagenicity bioassay. Employing tester strains TA98, TA1538, and the nitroreductase-deficient TA98NR without the addition of exogenous metabolic enzymes, we were able to detect and discriminate between the UVA exposure-dependent formation of two stable photoproducts, 2-nitrosofluorene (2-NOF) and 2-nitrofluorene (2-NO2F). Mutagenicity of irradiated 2-AF solutions (using dimethyl sulfoxide as a solvent) in the various tester strains indicates the rapid formation of the photo-labile 2-NOF, after which 2-NO2F accounts for the preponderance of mutagenic activity. Continued UVA irradiation (greater than 72 h at 6.8 J/m2/s) of 2-AF results in the formation of greater than 30 photoproducts resolvable on HPLC, several of which, in addition to 2-NOF and 2 NO2F, are mutagenic on Salmonella but are chemically undefined to date. Prolonged irradiation ultimately destroys the photo-induced mutagenicity of 2-AF. However, UVA-induced 2-AF photoproducts are stable for several weeks when stored in sealed vials in the dark. Light potentiated oxidation of aromatic amines constitutes an alternative mechanism for the transformation of aromatic amines into proximate mutagens/carcinogens. PMID- 3894952 TI - Effects of DNA-repair processes on the induction of genetic duplications in bacteria by ultraviolet light. AB - A straightforward positive selection for genetic duplication is possible in strains of Salmonella typhimurium that carry the aroC321 allele. Strains with a single copy of this allele require phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan for growth. Such strains give rise to tryptophan prototrophs, which still require phenylalanine and tyrosine, through the formation of a duplication that includes about 30% of the chromosome. We have constructed strains that permit the simultaneous study of duplications and mutations and have used these strains to explore the effects of DNA repair processes on the induction of duplications by ultraviolet light (UV). UV causes dose-dependent increases in the frequency of duplications in bacteria. The exposure required to induce duplications is much less in a delta uvrB strain than in repair-proficient strains, suggesting that duplications result from DNA lesions that are subject to excision repair. The photoreversibility of UV-induced preduplication lesions implicates pyrimidine dimers in the induction of duplications. Unlike its effect on the induction of mutations, the error-prone repair process associated with plasmid pKM101 does not enhance the induction of duplications. The prevention of duplication-formation by a recA mutation suggests that the formation of duplications involves recombinational events. Taken together, the data indicate that the same DNA lesions can be mutagenic and recombinagenic in bacteria, but that the two effects involve different pathways of processing DNA damage. PMID- 3894953 TI - Indications that mutagenesis in Salmonella may be subject to catabolite repression. AB - Spontaneous reversion of the base-pair substitution trpE8 marker in the LT2 sub line of Salmonella typhimurium is significantly increased in the presence of the ultraviolet light-protecting and mutation-enhancing plasmid pKM101. The numbers of Trp+ revertants arising on plates of defined medium supplemented with trace amounts of nutrient broth have been found to depend upon the nature of the carbon source provided to support growth of both the background lawn and any revertants which may arise. For example, the yield of Trp+ revertants can be some 5-8 times greater when glycerol is the carbon source as compared to when glucose is the carbon source. S. typhimurium strain TA100, which carries the base-pair substitution hisG46 marker and pKM101, shows a similar response, although the difference is much smaller. Time-course experiments using both carbon sources indicate that the final trpE8----Trp+ mutation yield is depressed by glucose rather than enhanced by a "mutagenic' effect of glycerol. These results are consistent with the idea that a glucose-repressible function responsible for generating mutations can be switched on by growth on glycerol as sole carbon source. Evidence is also presented that many more mutational events occur in response to a mild temperature stress (42 degrees) in populations growing on glycerol as carbon source than occur in populations growing on glucose. PMID- 3894954 TI - Isolation and analysis of a mutant of Escherichia coli hyper-resistant to near ultraviolet light plus 8-methoxypsoralen. AB - A mutant of Escherichia coli K12 was isolated which shows enhanced resistance towards near-ultraviolet (NUV) light plus 8-methoxypsoralen (MPS) compared with its wild-type parent strain. The PUVA (NUV + MPS)-resistant strain remains as sensitive for far-ultraviolet (FUV) light as its parent strain. A recA- derivative of this mutant strain was as sensitive to PUVA as its reca- parental strain. A polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis study of total cell lysates from the mutant bacteria showed that a protein of approximately 55 kd was synthesised in higher concentrations compared with its synthesis in the wild-type parent strain. Furthermore, synthesis of this protein was reduced in the recA- derivative of the mutant strain suggesting that the recA gene product might be acting as a regulator of the synthesis of the 55-kd protein. It is suggested that in E. coli damage to DNA by PUVA can be repaired by a specific RecA LexA-inducible repair system and the repair efficiency is enhanced if the 55-kd protein is present in concentrations higher than that synthesised by the wild-type parent E. coli. PMID- 3894955 TI - Frameshift mutagenesis by 9-aminoacridine and ICR191 in Escherichia coli: effects of uvrB, recA and lexA mutations and of plasmid pKM101. AB - We have studied the effects of different repair capacities on reversion of two Escherichia coli strains (lacZ19124 and lacZ19136) by 9-aminoacridine (9AA) and the acridine half-mustard ICR191. Introduction of a uvrB mutation into these strains led to enhanced ICR191-induced reversion of lacZ19136 and reduced ICR191 induced reversion of lacZ19124. 9AA-induced reversion of lacZ19124 was essentially unchanged while reversion of lacZ19136 was reduced. Plasmid pKM101 reduced reversion of the two markers by each of the mutagens, except in the case of ICR191-induced reversion of the lacZ19124 marker where mutagenesis was slightly enhanced. Mutations in the recA and lexA genes had minimal effects on ICR191- and on 9AA-induced reversion of the lacZ markers; although 9AA-induced reversion of the lacZ19124 marker was somewhat reduced, most of the other results indicated that mutation yields were if anything higher in the recA or lexA backgrounds. Mutagenesis by 9AA and ICR191 would therefore appear to occur independently of the inducible error-prone repair process commonly referred to as SOS repair. PMID- 3894956 TI - Peroxyacetyl nitrate: measurement of its mutagenic activity using the Salmonella/mammalian microsome reversion assay. AB - Exposures of Salmonella typhimurium strain TA100 with and without S9 metabolic activation to low ppm levels of pure peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) in the gas phase were conducted. Measurements of the gas-phase PAN exposure concentration and the concentration of its decomposition products in surrogate test media led to a measured mutagenic activity of 34 +/- 5 revertants/mumole. The data indicate that PAN is a relatively weak direct-acting mutagen with TA100. PMID- 3894957 TI - Apparent mutagenicity of N-nitrosothiazolidine caused by a trace contaminant. AB - The identification of N-nitrosothiazolidine (NTHZ) in smoked meat products prompted us to evaluate this compound for mutagenicity by the Salmonella assay. NTHZ was prepared in 99 + % purity by the nitrosation of the cysteamine formaldehyde reaction mixture without isolation and purification of the resulting amine, and from thiazolidine, directly. Mutagenic activity was observed with TA100 without metabolic activation in the former, but not the latter preparation. An examination of the precursors, reaction intermediates, and HPLC separation of the NTHZ from the mutagenic product demonstrated that the genotoxic activity resulted from a synthesis-produced trace contaminant. PMID- 3894958 TI - Nitroarenes in Suimon River sediment. AB - Mutagenic activity was observed in sediments of the Suimon River bed with and without S9 mix. The direct-acting mutagens in the sediment were investigated. The sediment was extracted with methanol and fractionated on a Silica gel column. The benzene fraction from the Silica gel column exhibited mutagenic activity without S9 mix in strain TA98, while it failed to show mutagenic activity in nitroreductase-deficient strain TA98NR. This observation led to the suspicion that nitro compounds were the direct-acting mutagens of these samples. The benzene fraction was treated by heptafluorobutyric anhydride (HFBA) and investigated with gas chromatography equipped with an electron capture detector (GC-ECD). 2-Nitrofluorene, 4,4'-dinitrobiphenyl, 2,7-dinitrofluorene and 1 nitropyrene were detected and measured quantitatively. The mutagenic activity of a mixture of these compounds was compared with that of the original fraction and the direct-acting mutagenicity of Suimon River sediment can be explained by these nitroarenes, especially 1-nitropyrene. PMID- 3894959 TI - Mutagenicity of chloro-olefins in the Salmonella/mammalian microsome test. I. Allyl chloride mutagenicity re-examined. AB - Contrary to findings published up to now, allyl chloride, a well known directly acting mutagen for Salmonella typhimurium, is efficiently activated by rat-liver homogenate (S9 mix) under non-standard mutagenicity testing conditions. Its indirect, S9-mediated mutagenic activity is greatly enhanced when longer than standard preincubation times are applied. The indirect mutagenicity of allyl chloride, thus revealed, greatly exceeds its direct mutagenic activity. Obviously, standard mutagenicity testing conditions cannot be regarded as reliable tools for the evaluation of the full genotoxic potential of allyl chloride and, possibly, of other related compounds. PMID- 3894960 TI - Mutagenicity of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAC) identified in source emissions and ambient air. AB - Several polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAC) including nitrated and oxygenated derivatives of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) were tested for mutagenic activity in the Salmonella/microsome assay. Among the compounds tested the isomer mix of nitro-1-hydroxypyrenes showed the highest direct mutagenic response in both the Salmonella strain TA98 and TA100 (1251 revertants/micrograms and 463 revertants/micrograms, respectively). The direct-acting mutagenicity of the nitro 1-hydroxypyrene isomer mix was dependent upon reduction of the nitro function as evidenced by the decrease in activity observed with the nitroreductase-deficient and arylhydroxylamine esterifying-deficient tester strains. The oxygenated derivatives of PAH containing aldehyde or keto groups showed weak or no mutagenic responses. In most cases addition of S9 was essential for any mutagenic activity and the strain TA100 was more sensitive than the strain TA98. Within this group, 7H-dibenzo[c,g]fluoren-7-one showed the highest mutagenic effect; 7 and 22 revertants/micrograms using the strains TA98 and TA100, respectively. PMID- 3894962 TI - Methotrexate for rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 3894961 TI - The kinetics of mutagen excretion in the urine of cigarette smokers. AB - The excretion of mutagens in the urine of cigarette smokers was studied as a model for absorption and elimination of complex carcinogenic and mutagenic mixtures in humans. Urine was collected from an occasional smoker who smoked 1 cigarette (17 mg tar/cigarette) and from a heavy smoker (smokes approximately 20 cigarettes/day) who quit for 2 days and then resumed smoking. Urine samples were collected for 6 days, including a 2-day pre-smoking period for the occasional smoker and pre-abstention period for the heavy smoker, respectively. Mutagen excretion patterns were determined by extracting the mutagens in each urine sample with XAD-2 resin and testing the extract in a microsuspension modification of the Salmonella/microsome liquid-incubation assay using bacterial strain TA98 with metabolic activation. Peak mutagenic activity of the urine collected from the two smokers appeared 4-5 h after the beginning of smoking. Activity decreased to pre-smoking "baseline' levels in approximately 12 h for the occasional smoker, and the activity for the heavy smoker approached the occasional smoker's 'baseline' in approximately 18 h after the cessation of smoking. The mutagen excretion patterns of the occasional smoker after smoking a single cigarette suggests that, the mutagens, as detected by the Salmonella assay, are absorbed rapidly (3-5 h) and are eliminated from the body following first order kinetics. The excretion rate constant for the occasional smoker was approximately 0.1 h-1 and the half-life (T1/2) was approximately 7 h. PMID- 3894963 TI - An in vitro predictive test for graft versus host disease in patients with genotypic HLA-identical bone marrow transplants. AB - Acute graft versus host disease remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. To date, no clinically useful test has been reported that will predict the occurrence of graft versus host disease in genotypic HLA-identical donor-recipient pairs. We have developed a skin-explant model using donor lymphocytes that have been sensitized against recipient lymphocytes in vitro and cocultured with the recipient's skin. Histologic changes compatible with acute graft versus host disease are found in the positive explants. To date 32 patients have been tested in a prospective manner. Among the 18 recipient-donor pairs that were positive, 16 patients were found to have histologic Grade 2 or higher graft versus host disease of the skin on biopsy. Among the 14 negative pairs, only 3 patients had histologic Grade 2 or higher graft versus host disease of the skin on biopsy. Thus, the model has a sensitivity of 84 per cent and a specificity of 85 per cent, and is a significant predictor of the histologic occurrence of graft versus host disease (P less than 0.0005 by chi-square test). The test may be useful in the selection of donors for bone marrow transplantation and in the planning of prophylaxis against graft versus host disease. PMID- 3894964 TI - Hypertension in pregnancy. PMID- 3894965 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 37-1985. A 69-year-old man with gastrointestinal bleeding and an abnormal Meckel scan. PMID- 3894966 TI - Nodular thyroid disease. Evaluation and management. PMID- 3894967 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 33-1985. Bilateral uveal disorder unresponsive to corticosteroid therapy. PMID- 3894968 TI - Revised recommendations for preventing malaria in travelers to areas with chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum. PMID- 3894969 TI - First-degree relatives of patients with type I diabetes mellitus. Islet-cell antibodies and abnormal insulin secretion. AB - In a prospective study to evaluate the prevalence and predictive potential of circulating islet-cell antibodies, we have screened 1723 "normal" first-degree relatives (parents, siblings, and offspring) of patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The prevalence of islet-cell antibodies on initial screening was 0.9 per cent (16 of 1723). Over a maximal follow-up period of two years, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus developed in 2 of 16 relatives with islet cell antibodies and in 1 of 1707 without antibodies. In addition, 6 of 12 nondiabetic relatives with islet-cell antibodies had abnormally low insulin responses--below the third percentile in 6 and below the first percentile in 4- on their initial intravenous glucose challenge. Thus, prospective islet-cell antibody screening of high-risk first-degree relatives, in combination with intravenous glucose-tolerance testing, is capable of identifying immunologically abnormal persons with profoundly diminished beta-cell function, who are presumably at increased risk of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. PMID- 3894970 TI - Smoking: health effects and control (1). PMID- 3894971 TI - Hemodynamic and humoral effects of caffeine in autonomic failure. Therapeutic implications for postprandial hypotension. AB - We examined the effects of caffeine and meals on blood pressure and heart rate in 12 patients with autonomic failure. The influence of caffeine on plasma norepinephrine, epinephrine, and renin activity was also studied. Caffeine 250 mg, raised blood pressure by 12/6 mm Hg, from 129 +/- 25/78 +/- 12 (mean +/- S.D.) to a maximum of 141 +/- 30/84 +/- 16 mm Hg at 45 minutes (P less than 0.01), but did not change heart rate, levels of norepinephrine, or epinephrine, or plasma renin activity. Blood pressure fell by 28/18 mm Hg after a standardized meal, from 133 +/- 32/80 +/- 15 to a minimum of 105 +/- 21/62 +/- 12 mm Hg at 60 minutes (P less than 0.01). After pretreatment with 250 mg of caffeine, the standardized meal induced a fall of only 11/10 mm Hg, from 140 +/- 33/79 +/- 7 to 129 +/- 31/69 +/- 13 mm Hg at 60 minutes (P less than 0.05 vs. values after the control per day for seven days) in five patients, postprandial blood pressures remained higher after caffeine than after placebo (P less than 0.05). We conclude that caffeine is a pressor agent and attenuates postprandial hypotension in autonomic failure, and that this effect is not primarily due to elevations in sympathoadrenal activity or activation of the renin-angiotensin system. Caffeine may be useful in the treatment of orthostatic hypotension due to autonomic failure, especially in the postprandial state. PMID- 3894972 TI - Smoking: health effects and control (2). PMID- 3894973 TI - Carmustine as a cause of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. PMID- 3894974 TI - A survey of operating room nursing between the Great Wars. PMID- 3894975 TI - Towards a malaria vaccine. PMID- 3894976 TI - Expression of active human factor IX in transfected cells. AB - Factor IX is the precursor of a serine protease that functions in the intrinsic blood clotting pathway. Deficiencies in this plasma glycoprotein result in haemophilia B (or Christmas disease) and occur in about 1 in 30,000 males. Patients are currently treated with fresh frozen plasma or prothrombin complex concentrates prepared from pooled plasma from normal individuals. There are several problems with this method of treatment, including the probable exposure of the patients to contaminants such as the viral agents responsible for hepatitis and AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome). As a first step towards an alternative source of pure human factor IX, we report here on the use of recombinant DNA techniques to produce biologically active factor IX in cultured mammalian cells. Stable cell lines were produced by cotransfecting a baby hamster kidney (BHK) cell line with a plasmid containing a gene for factor IX and a plasmid containing a selectable marker. Protein secreted by these cell lines reduces the clotting time of plasma from factor IX-deficient patients. We present additional evidence that this protein is authentic human factor IX. PMID- 3894977 TI - Laser biology and medicine. AB - The substantial repertoire of laser radiation--its coherence, range of intensity and frequency, controlability of focal area and of beam length--has been comprehensively explored in the contexts of micro- and macro-diagnostics of cells, biochemical kinetics, therapy and surgery. PMID- 3894978 TI - Leprosy bacillus outwitted. PMID- 3894979 TI - Genes for the major protein antigens of the leprosy parasite Mycobacterium leprae. AB - Leprosy, a chronic infectious disease afflicting between 10 and 15 million people, is caused by the obligate intracellular parasite Mycobacterium leprae. Although M. leprae was the first identified bacterial pathogen of man, basic biochemical, immunological, diagnostic and therapeutic investigations have been severely limited because it remains one of the few human pathogens that have not been cultured in vitro. An M. leprae recombinant DNA expression library was constructed to provide a source of genes encoding proteins relevant for such studies. Monoclonal antibodies directed against M. leprae specific antigens have been used to isolate the genes encoding the five most immunogenic protein antigens of the leprosy bacillus. We report here that M. leprae specific epitopes recognized by all of 13 monoclonal antibodies tested were produced by recombinant phage in Escherichia coli. PMID- 3894980 TI - Old tobacco. PMID- 3894981 TI - Medical student research in the 1940s. PMID- 3894982 TI - [Every time I will weep]. PMID- 3894983 TI - [War victims 1940-1945--patients 1980-1985]. PMID- 3894984 TI - [Living with and in the shadow of a war past]. PMID- 3894985 TI - [Home again from camp]. PMID- 3894986 TI - [Time does not heal all wounds]. PMID- 3894987 TI - [Family practitioner at the time of liberation]. PMID- 3894988 TI - ["Can you make a potato?"; reminiscences of a person in hiding]. PMID- 3894989 TI - [Sequential traumatization of children]. PMID- 3894990 TI - [Post-traumatic stress disorder as late sequel of participation in resistance activities]. PMID- 3894991 TI - [40 years of drugs]. PMID- 3894992 TI - [Ms. M.C. Croockewit, secretary, writes the Editor in chief, Prof. G. van Rijnberk]. PMID- 3894993 TI - [Number of persecution victims 1940-1945]. PMID- 3894994 TI - [1945, the year of liberation in the framework of the Tijdschrift]. PMID- 3894995 TI - [The treatment of multiple sclerosis with hyperbaric oxygen]. PMID- 3894996 TI - [The early years of vascular surgery in the Netherlands (1950-1965)]. PMID- 3894997 TI - [Adapting the therapy to the course of acute otitis media]. PMID- 3894998 TI - [Growth hormone and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease]. PMID- 3894999 TI - [Serological identification of defined nuclear antigens in collagen diseases: immunoblotting as a new diagnostic aid]. PMID- 3895000 TI - [High dose cytotoxic agents followed by autologous bone marrow transplantation; treatment results in 25 patients with various malignancies]. PMID- 3895001 TI - Unique account of heart transplant by a patient who was a nurse. Interview by Myra Sargent. PMID- 3895002 TI - Monitoring of effects of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum II (Platidiam). Part II. Tests for mutagenic activity in the indicator system of Salmonella typhimurium his- strains (Ames test). AB - The mutagenic activity of the cytostatic drug Platidiam (cis diamminedichloroplatinum II complex, cis-DDP) produced in Czechoslovakia was tested. In the used Ames test, as an indicator system, Salmonella typhimurium his strains were employed. The tests for mutagenicity were performed in vitro using assays both without metabolic activation and therewith, as well as with metabolic activation under in vivo conditions. The analyses revealed a mutagenic effect of the cis-DDP complex in Platidiam in all of the followed tests. These effects were direct, no metabolic activation was observed. Furthermore, the mutagenic activity of the drug was influenced by the duration of interaction between Platidiam and the mammalian organism, which was apparently due to the pharmacokinetic properties of the active substance. PMID- 3895003 TI - Stimulatory effect of potassium ions on MNU- and MNNG-induced mutagenesis in Salmonella typhimurium TA1535 and TA100. AB - The liquid suspension modification of the standard Salmonella mutagenicity assay employing Ames tester strains of Salmonella typhimurium TA1535 and T100 was used to study the influence of potassium, sodium and calcium on the mutagenic activity of MNU and MNNG. The toxic and mutagenic activities of MNU and MNNG were better expressed when potassium-containing solution was used as a solvent. Short-term pretreatment of bacteria cells with potassium-containing solutions increased the mutagenic efficiency of both chemicals. Potassium-induced increased sensibility of S. typhimurium TA1535 to MNU was completely reversible after 20 min incubation of bacteria in a nutrient broth at 37 degrees C. The mutagenic activity of MNU was reduced after a short-term pretreatment of S. typhimurium TA1535 with a 0.9% solution of CaCl2, while NaCl did not change the mutagenic response of bacteria to MNU. PMID- 3895004 TI - [Transcranial Doppler sonography of the brain-supplying arteries: non-traumatic diagnosis of stenoses and occlusions of the carotid siphon and the middle cerebral artery]. PMID- 3895005 TI - Separate calculation of glomerular and tubular clearance by means of renal scintigraphy with hippuran and DTPA. AB - A simplified method of renal scintigraphy carried out with 131I-Hippuran and 99mTc-DTPA diethylenetriaminopentacetate is described in man. Results were expressed as tubular clearance (with Hippuran) and glomerular clearance (with DTPA) per kidney, and compared to PAH and inulin clearances measured in the same patients. There was a close positive correlation between clearances calculated by means of renal scintigraphy and those measured by standard procedure for studying renal function. This study showed that a simple calculation allowed to express scintigraphical findings in terms of clearance. PMID- 3895006 TI - Sarcoidosis with normocalcemic granulomatous nephritis. Five case reports and a review of 24 cases in the literature. AB - 5 cases of sarcoidosis with normocalcemic granulomatous nephritis and renal impairment are described. 24 earlier reported cases with normocalcemic granulomatous nephritis of sarcoidosis were extracted from the literature and reviewed together with the present cases. GFR was normal (greater than 80 ml/min) in 2 of the patients, slightly to moderately decreased (80-20 ml/min) in 14 patients, and severely decreased (less than 20 ml/min) in 13 patients. The patients (19 males and 10 females) were 12-68 (median 45) years old. All patients with GFR less than 10 ml/min were more than 43 years old. 1 patient died in terminal uremia on admittance. All but 1 of the patients treated with corticosteroids improved (22 patients) or stabilized (5 patients) at least initially. 1 patient treated with a relatively low dose of a corticosteroid progressed to terminal uremia. 8 patients had a relapse when the corticosteroids were tapered or discontinued. 12 of the patients had residual renal impairment after initial successful treatment and in 4 cases the impairment worsened after a corticosteroid-sensitive relapse. It could be concluded from the study that an initial corticosteroid dosage of 1 mg prednisolone/kg BW or more should be used in granulomatous nephritis of sarcoidosis. PMID- 3895007 TI - Plasma renin activity, blood uric acid and plasma volume in pregnancy-induced hypertension. AB - Plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma aldosterone (PA), blood uric acid (BUA), plasma concentrations of catecholamines (Pcat) and plasma volume (PV) were measured simultaneously in 24 patients with pregnancy-induced hypertension. This hypertensive group was divided into labile (LH) and permanent hypertension (PH) groups according to the response of their blood pressure to home bed rest. As compared to normal theoretical values, PV was decreased in both hypertensive groups (LH = -70%; PH = -14%). As compared to a control group of 16 normotensive pregnant women, PRA was higher in LH and lower in PH whereas PA was lower in both hypertensive groups. In both hypertensive groups, BUA was higher than in the control group. No difference in Pcat was found between the three groups. In the PH group negative correlations were found between BUA and PRA, as well as between BUA and PV, but no correlation between PRA and PV nor between Pcat and BUA were found. CONCLUSIONS: LH and PH are two pathophysiologically different entities in pregnancy-induced hypertension. In PH, renin secretion is not appropriate to hypovolemia and therefore not primarily involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension. The role of hypovolemia in the increase of BUA may be discussed. PMID- 3895008 TI - Insulin release from column-perifused isolated islets of uremic rats. AB - In order to examine the insulin secretion in chronic renal failure, isolated pancreatic islets either from uremic rats or from control rats were mixed into a short column of Bio-Gel P-2 polyacrylamide beads and perifused. Uremic rats had higher concentrations of blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, and immunoreactive insulin and lower concentration of plasma 1,25-(OH)2D3 than control rats. Although the basal insulin release in the presence of 5.0 mM glucose showed no difference between uremic and control rats, the initial insulin release in the presence of 16.2 mM glucose was significantly lower (p less than 0.05) in uremic than in controls rats. The insulin content in islets was not different between both groups. These findings suggest that there might be impairment of the initial insulin secretion without changes of insulin content in pancreatic islets in uremia. PMID- 3895009 TI - Successful treatment of long-lasting severe hypertension with captopril during a twin pregnancy. PMID- 3895010 TI - [Rejection reaction and use of rifampicin in the treatment of tuberculosis in kidney transplantation]. AB - Rifampicin is considered as one of the most potent antituberculous agents and is often used in renal transplant recipients. However, acute cellular rejection episodes were observed when rifampicin was prescribed in 4 tolerant renal transplant recipients. Acute rejection occurred in 3 out of the 5 patients, despite doubled daily dose of steroids. First, rifampicin is an enzymatic inducer and accelerates steroid metabolism. Secondly, rifampicin per se is an immunosuppressive drug, as already proved in animals. Rifampicin interferes with the active mechanisms involved in specific transplantation tolerance. In conclusion, we recommend a very cautious use of rifampicin in kidney transplant recipients. PMID- 3895011 TI - [Early rejection crises and prognosis of the renal graft]. AB - The present study including 136 cadaver kidney transplants in 119 recipients has shown that the long term function and survival of kidney grafts are closely related to the early immunological reactions of the recipients. Under conventional immunosuppression the most important period for the outcome of the grafts extends to the first 4 months. Not only the number but especially the severity of the early rejection episodes are of prognostic value. Two groups can be distinguished using a classification of severity of early rejection episodes: the first one is characterized by an excellent graft survival and late function (87% one year graft survival) and includes those kidneys with zero or only 1-2 slight early rejection crisis (type 1 and/or 2). In the second group with more than two slight crisis or more severe forms of rejections (type 3 or 4) the one year graft survival is significantly reduced (52%: p less than 0.01). In this group compensatory hypertrophy is usually absent. This is in opposition to the functional improvement of 14 ml/min of GFR after 12 months observed in the patients with good immunological tolerance. PMID- 3895012 TI - [Medical treatment of idiopathic calcium lithiasis (I)]. AB - Calcium stones is responsible for 80 per cent of the stones in the upper track. It is a frequent and particularly recurrent disease and for this reason it is important to prevent its recurrence by medical treatment, dissolution of calcium stones being impossible. In the first part of this review, we have presented the theoretical basis and the clinical studies concerning conservative therapy involving high fluid intake and dietary advice on calcium and oxalate intake. Then, for the various drugs proposed for recurrence prevention we have reviewed their mechanisms of action and the controlled clinical trials concerning these drugs. Finally, the practical therapeutical choices for the management of these patients are presented according to the results of the previous metabolic evaluation. PMID- 3895014 TI - Desglycinamide-9-arginine-8-vasopressin (DGAVP, Organon 5667) in patients with dementia. AB - Vasopressin peptides have been shown to facilitate learning and memory in both animals and humans; however, the effectiveness in humans is controversial. In a double blind parallel group study, 17 demented subjects (either Alzheimer's or alcoholic) were given either desglycinamide-9-arginine-8-vasopressin (DGAVP) 92 micrograms intranasally TID or an identical placebo for 1 week after having received 1 week of placebo. To our knowledge, this is the first report of DGAVP being used in subjects with dementia. The DGAVP group had a statistically significant improvement on the Buschke list learning of low imagery words. However, for various reasons discussed in the paper, we feel this finding needs to be replicated before any definite conclusions can be drawn. Since there were no other appreciable behavioral effects of this DGAVP regimen, our results should be considered negative. There was no evidence of any DGAVP-related adverse effects, except for possible weight gain. PMID- 3895013 TI - Neural transplantation: a review of recent developments and potential applications to the aged brain. AB - Mammalian neural transplantation has recently been recognized to be a valuable technique for studying normal development and regeneration in the central nervous system. In addition, the ability of grafted neurons to reinnervate damaged regions of the host brain and to ameliorate some neuroendocrine deficits, cognitive disorders and motoric dysfunctions in young adult rodents has suggested that transplantation therapy may be effective in treating human neurodegenerative diseases and neurotransmitter deficiencies related to aging. It is of particular interest that initial studies of neuron transplants in aged rodents indicate that cholinergic, dopaminergic and noradrenergic neurons all integrate to some extent with the aged brain, and that the product of this graft-host interaction is improved behavioral performance of aged subjects. The present paper critically reviews the present domain of neural transplantation, its application to studies on the properties of the aged mammalian brain and discusses the possible therapeutic use of transplants in ameliorating transmitter-specific abnormalities associated with Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. PMID- 3895015 TI - [Methods of resuscitation]. PMID- 3895016 TI - [CT-guided stereotactic neurosurgery]. AB - Brown-Roberts-Wells stereotactic instruments were used for CT guided stereotactic surgery in 54 cases (65 operations). Stereotactic biopsy was done in 9 cases and successive regional chemotherapy was done in 3 cases. Stereotactic drainage was done in 2 cases of bacterial abscess, 3 cases of cystic neoplasm and 33 cases (43 operations) of intracerebral hematoma. CT guided stereotactic procedure was valuable for the correct cannulation to the center of the cavity. We tried to utilize CT image for the selection of targets for stereotactic functional neurosurgical procedures in 6 cases. In the cases of thalamotomy, the information derived from CT made the operation safer than that by contrast ventriculography alone. In all cases of electrode implantation for deep brain stimulation, accurate and precise electrode placement was achieved from CT images alone. This rapid and easy surgical technique was useful also for poor risk patients. PMID- 3895017 TI - [Clinico-pathological study of meningiomas in childhood--with special reference to malignant meningiomas]. AB - Six cases of meningiomas which accounted for 3.6% out of 167 intracranial tumors in children were studied with clinico-pathological method. Four meningiomas located in the convexity, two meningiomas developed within the lateral ventricle. CT scan with contrast material showed homogeneous enhanced tumors in four cases. Heterogeneous enhanced tumors were observed in two malignant meningiomas. There was evidence of recurrence in three cases. Two of in these cases were malignant meningiomas. Three patients received postoperative radiotherapy. One case of malignant meningiomas died seven years after the first operation. Five cases are still alive. Macroscopically three cases had cyst formation. Four convexity meningiomas were attached to the dura matter. Three malignant meningiomas were ill-defined and invaded the normal brain tissue. One case of malignant meningiomas invaded the skull. Six meningiomas were classified histologically into two fibrous, one transitional and three malignant meningiomas according to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of brain tumors. All cases were examined for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) using the immunohistochemical method. Two cases of malignant meningiomas demonstrated the positive reaction to GFAP. Four cases were negative. These findings suggest that malignant meningiomas grow invasively into the surrounding normal brain tissue. PMID- 3895018 TI - [Extremely low-birth-weight infant with post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus: surgical procedure and recognition by sonography]. AB - In two infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit with birth-weight of less than 1,000 g, serial cranial real-time sonograms were obtained to determine the subependymal germinal matrix hemorrhage and follow up the post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus, compared with computerized tomographic scan. This paper reports the results of the placement of a subcutaneous ventricular reservoir in these extremely low-birth-weight infants to resolve progressive post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus and protect their cortical mantle until their risks of ventriculo peritoneal shunting procedure are acceptable. In these infants, the hydrocephalus and increased intracranial pressure were controlled and following shunting procedure after their medical and anesthetic problems resolved. PMID- 3895019 TI - Immunocytochemical localization of enkephalin-like immunoreactivity in neurons of human hippocampal formation: effects of ageing and Alzheimer's disease. AB - The localization of neurons containing enkephalin-like immunoreactivity was studied within the human hippocampal formation. It was present in numerous dentate granule cells and a few larger neurons within the dentate molecular layer. In hippocampus proper, numerous pyramidal cells also demonstrated it, especially in field H1 of Rose (1926) and subiculum. No difference attributable to ageing or to dementia of the Alzheimer type was seen in this distribution. Post-mortem delay was the major factor affecting the intensity of its immunocytochemical localization to hippocampal cells and nonspecific background staining, due to binding of the secondary antiserum, increased directly with this. Some dendrites of dentate granule cells with immunoreactivity were found entering senile (neuritic) plaques in tissue from cases of Alzheimer's disease. These dendrites appeared morphologically normal. PMID- 3895020 TI - Neural tissue grafts and repair of the injured spinal cord. AB - Neural tissue grafting presently stands as one of the more intriguing experimental strategies being applied to the problem of spinal cord regeneration. The following annotation presents an overview of recent investigations which have shown: that peripheral nerve grafts can stimulate axonal outgrowth in many descending and ascending fibre populations of the injured spinal cord and that central nervous system (CNS) implants, derived from segmental and supraspinal levels of the embryonic neuraxis, may likewise have the potential for promoting repair of damaged intraspinal neural circuitries in adult and neonatal recipients. PMID- 3895021 TI - Altered sensitivity to an opiate antagonist, naloxone, in hyperprolactinemic male rats. AB - An increase in endogenous opiatergic tone has been suggested as a mechanism for suppression of gonadotropin release in hyperprolactinemia (hyperPRL). In an attempt to evaluate this possibility in hyperprolactinemic males, we have examined the effects of a specific opiate antagonist, naloxone, on plasma LH levels in adult male rats rendered hyperprolactinemic by transplanting two pituitary glands underneath the kidney capsule. Naloxone was administered intravenously (i.v.) at different dose levels (0.2,2, or 20 mg/kg body weight) and blood samples were collected at intervals ranging from 15 to 60 min after naloxone administration. In all experiments, plasma LH levels in the sham operated controls were significantly increased after naloxone administration, while those in the pituitary-grafted group remained unaltered. Injecting naloxone daily for 3 or for 10 days failed to alter plasma LH levels in both sham-operated and pituitary-grafted animals. Administration of LHRH induced a 7-fold increase in plasma LH levels in both the pituitary-grafted animals and the sham-operated controls. These studies demonstrate that hyperPRL interferes with the naloxone induced rise in circulating LH levels in the male rat. PMID- 3895022 TI - Progesterone and the control of functional luteolysis, of secretion of prolactin and of pituitary LHRH responsiveness. A study with pseudopregnant rats kept in alternating and constant lighting conditions. AB - The effect of exogenous progesterone (P) on the corpus luteum function (in terms of the secretion of P and 20-alpha-dihydroprogesterone (DHP), on the secretion of prolactin (Prl) and on the pituitary responsiveness to LHRH was studied in pseudopregnant (PSP) rats kept in alternating and constant lighting conditions (LD-PSP and LL-PSP rats, respectively). Rats were rendered pseudopregnant by appropriately timed stimulation of the cervix uteri (LL rats first received an ovulatory dose of hCG). LH responses were induced by constant rate infusion of LHRH (104 ng/h for 21 h). P was delivered by subcutaneously inserted Silastic implants; control rats received sham implants. In both LD-and LL-PSP rats the plasma P and DHP levels were high on day 8 of PSP. On day 12, however, the plasma P levels had fallen but the DHP levels had risen, demonstrating that between days 8 and 12 functional luteolysis had occurred and that neither the production of P and DHP, nor the timing of luteolysis are under the control of the lighting conditions. On day 12 of PSP the pituitary responsiveness to LHRH was much higher than on day 8. Moreover, on days 8/9 of PSP peaks of Prl were seen in all rats, but on days 11/12 such peaks were largely absent. In LD-PSP rats 'nocturnal' Prl peaks were seen on days 8/9 in all 9 experimental animals, but 'diurnal' peaks were seen in only 4 of these animals. Also, the diurnal peaks were on average much lower than the nocturnal peaks.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3895023 TI - A new family member for gonadotropin-releasing hormone. AB - The two living representatives of the most ancient vertebrates, Agnathans, are lamprey and hagfish. Using immunological methods, we identified gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)-like molecules in the lamprey brain, but not hagfish. The lamprey GnRH was detected poorly by antisera directed at the C-terminus, suggesting that a C-terminal amino acid substitution may have occurred in the lamprey molecule compared with mammalian GnRH. In spite of this, lamprey and mammalian GnRH-like molecules have the same retention time on an isocratic HPLC system and parallel inhibition of mammalian 125I-GnRH in a radioimmunoassay. The lamprey GnRH-like molecule has a distinct HPLC elution pattern compared with dogfish shark, salmon, trout and probably birds. Thus lamprey GnRH represents another member of the growing family of GnRH molecules. Additionally, lamprey GnRH may be a stem molecule in the vertebrate evolution of GnRH. PMID- 3895024 TI - Antibiotic prophylaxis in cerebrospinal fluid shunting: a prospective randomized trial in 152 hydrocephalic patients. AB - The authors report a prospective, randomized 18-month study on the effect of prophylactic antibiotic treatment in 152 hydrocephalic patients in whom clean shunt operations or revisions were done. The treated group received methicillin (totally 200 mg/kg) divided into six i.v. doses during 24 hours starting at the induction of anesthesia. Patients allergic to penicillin received erythromycin instead. Seventy-nine patients received antibiotics, and 73 (the control group) received none. All patients were followed at least 6 months after operation or to their death. Eleven patients developed signs of infection, giving an overall infection rate of 7.2%; however, the infection occurred less than 1 month after the operation in only half of these. Six of the patients had septicemia, 4 had peritonitis, and 1 had meningitis. In the treated group, the infection rate was 8.9%; in the control group, the rate was 5.5%. There was no statistically significant difference. The prophylactic antibiotic regimen in this investigation did not reduce the infection rate connected with cerebrospinal fluid shunting procedures. PMID- 3895025 TI - Primary rhabdomyosarcoma of the central nervous system: case report. AB - A case of a primary rhabdomyosarcoma that appeared to be arising from the filum terminale in a 48-year-old man is reported. The histological diagnosis of rhabdomyosarcoma was supported using immunocytochemical methods. Twenty-two cases of primary rhabdomyosarcoma of the central nervous system previously reported in the literature are reviewed briefly. The possible origin of these tumors from neuroectoderm is discussed. PMID- 3895026 TI - The chymopapain clinical trials. AB - The three published randomized clinical trials of chymopapain injection vs. placebo injection for the treatment of herniated lumbar discs are reviewed. Despite some differences, the similarities in selection criteria, technique, and outcome assessment are great enough to justify pooling the results to obtain an overall assessment of chymopapain efficacy. These pooled results suggest that the odds of successful outcome (at least some improvement in symptoms after injection) are 2.6 times as great with chymopapain injection as those after placebo injection. This corresponds to a 50% greater probability of success with chymopapain than with placebo or a 23% increase in the number of patients successfully treated with chemonucleolysis over those successfully treated with placebo. The fact that data from 234 patients evaluated in randomized clinical trials could resolve a controversy over therapeutic efficacy that the uncontrolled evaluation of over 20,000 patients could not answer suggests that the current controversy over the relative efficacy of chymopapain and discectomy should be studied in the same way. The difficulties of such a study are discussed. PMID- 3895027 TI - Lewis Hill Weed: early neurosurgical contributor. PMID- 3895028 TI - Stereotactic surgery for mass lesions of the midbrain and pons. AB - Appropriate treatment for intracranial mass lesions depends upon accurate histological diagnosis. Although both advanced generation computed tomographic and magnetic resonance scanners can detect small lesions within the brain stem, only the combination of these advanced imaging tools with stereotactic instrumentation permits safe and accurate pathological diagnosis of such lesions. We present the results of 13 operations performed on 12 patients with mass lesions of the pons and mesencephalon. A definitive diagnosis was obtained in all patients. Aspiration of necrotic tumors (3 patients), neoplastic or benign cysts (2 patients), and chronic hematomas (2 patients) resulted in immediate neurological improvement in 7 of these 12 patients. No morbidity or mortality related to surgery occurred in this series. Both the preoperative clinical and radiographic diagnoses were erroneous in 6 patients so that accurate histological diagnosis indeed altered subsequent therapy. A transfrontal approach to the midbrain and a transcerebellar approach to the lateral pons are described. The importance of accurate diagnosis, the possibility of definitive therapy in selected patients, and the encouraging benefits and safety of stereotactic surgery indicate that empiric treatment of mass lesions of the midbrain and pons is no longer justified. PMID- 3895029 TI - Residency programs in neurological surgery. United States and Canada. PMID- 3895030 TI - Norman Geschwind 1926-1984. PMID- 3895031 TI - Immunohistochemical localization of macrophages and microglia in the adult and developing mouse brain. AB - Macrophages and microglia in the developing and adult mouse brain have been identified by immunohistochemical localization of the macrophage-specific antigen F4/80 and monoclonal antibodies to the FcIgG1/2b (2.4G2) and type-three complement (Mac-1) receptors. In the adult mouse there are two classes of F4/80 positive cells; those associated with the choroid plexus, ventricles and leptomeninges and the microglia. The cells bearing Fc and complement receptors are indistinguishable, by their morphology and distribution, from those revealed by F4/80. During development macrophages invade the brain and can be followed through a series of transitional forms as they differentiate to become microglia. Macrophage invasion occurs when naturally dying cells are observed in large numbers and this is consistent with the idea that dying neurons and axons provide a stimulus for macrophage infiltration. Our results provide strong support for the hypothesis that the microglia are derived from monocytes and show that microglia possess receptors which would allow them to play a part in the immune defence of the nervous system. PMID- 3895032 TI - Treatment of progressive supranuclear palsy with tricyclic antidepressants. AB - After a single patient with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) improved when given amitriptyline, we compared the effects of amitriptyline, desipramine, and placebo on the symptoms and signs of four patients with PSP in a double-blind, double-crossover manner. There was good correlation between the use of tricyclic agents and symptomatic improvement, although all patients remained disabled. Amitriptyline produced better overall improvement, whereas desipramine preferentially improved apraxia of eyelid opening. PMID- 3895033 TI - Parkinson's disease: a comparison of mesulergine and bromocriptine. AB - Previous studies with mesulergine (CU 32-085) demonstrated safety and efficacy in short-term observations of patients with Parkinson's disease. We compared mesulergine with bromocriptine in 20 patients with Parkinson's disease. Eighteen patients completed the randomized, double-blind, crossover study. Clinical assessments employed the UBC scale and "Mini-Mental State" examination; neurophysiologic measurements were undertaken on wrist rigidity and speed and accuracy of hand movement, and toxicity screening tests were compared. There were no significant differences between the effects of mesulergine (mean dosage, 27.4 mg/d) and bromocriptine (mean dosage, 40.8 mg/d). PMID- 3895034 TI - Lisuride treatment of focal dystonias. AB - Nine patients with various focal dystonias participated in a 12-week, double blind, crossover comparison of the dopamine agonist, lisuride, and placebo. Lisuride produced mild objective and subjective improvement in six subjects, but the improvement was not sustained with continued therapy. Because the patients generally identified the active drug by side effects, biasing the study toward finding an effect, and because the benefits were mild and transient, we conclude that lisuride is of limited use in the treatment of focal dystonias. PMID- 3895035 TI - The birth of American neurology and highlights from the first 100 years of the Philadelphia Neurological Society, 1884-1984. AB - The Philadelphia Neurological Society was founded 100 years ago by Charles K. Mills, together with Wharton Sinkler, J.T. Eskridge, and Francis X. Dercum. S. Weir Mitchell was the first president and served for 5 additional years. American neurology was born in Philadelphia at the Orthopedic Hospital and the Infirmary for Nervous Diseases. The growth in neurology in this country is reflected in the activities of the Philadelphia Neurological Society. PMID- 3895036 TI - Neurosyphilis in the antibiotic era. AB - Among 30 patients with neurosyphilis diagnosed between 1970 and 1981, 43% had symptoms attributable to neurosyphilis, 43% had unrelated symptoms, and 14% were asymptomatic. Serum VDRL was positive in 86%, and the CSF VDRL was positive in 53%. Meningovascular and vascular syphilis were relatively more common than in the prepenicillin era; tabes dorsalis and general paresis were unchanged in relative frequency. PMID- 3895038 TI - Digital subtraction angiography (DSA): new perspectives in angiography. AB - Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) has strongly influenced angiographic procedures. Because it is less invasive it has increased the total number of angiographies in all places where it was introduced. The paper gives an introduction to the procedure explaining the roles of "digital" and "subtraction" in DSA. It is written from a technical point of view. The examples are taken from and with the DVI system. PMID- 3895037 TI - Controlled trial of isoniazid therapy for severe postural cerebellar tremor in multiple sclerosis. AB - Six patients with severe postural cerebellar tremor were studied in a double blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial with isoniazid. Each phase of the study lasted 4 weeks, and in the isoniazid phase patients received an increasing dose up to 1200 mg/d. Patients were studied with self-rating scales, quantitative tremor recording, and blinded ratings of videotapes. All patients improved by at least one method, three improved by all methods, and four improved sufficiently to want to continue with the drug after the trial was finished. There is a definite, but limited, therapeutic role for isoniazid. PMID- 3895040 TI - New computed radiography using scanning laser stimulated luminescence. AB - This short paper summarizes the basic concept and the technology of a new computed radiographic system which uses an energy-storage phosphorus panel called "Imaging Plate" as an image sensor. The "Imaging Plate" can be used to obtain radiographs in exactly the same way as the screen-film combination is used in conventional radiography. The system eliminates the drawbacks of conventional screen-film radiography by combining digital image processing and digitization of the x-ray energy pattern utilizing scanning laser stimulated luminescence. PMID- 3895039 TI - Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in neuroradiology. AB - DSA ranks among the modern imaging procedures which owe their development to the advances made in computer technology. Thanks to i.v. contrast injection, it has become possible to evaluate a lesion in the cervical vessels in at least 80% of cases and in 60% of cases when intracranial vessels are concerned. Intra-arterial contrast injection renders the diagnostic yield of DSA equal to that of conventional angiography with the benefit that the required contrast volumes are low and that the catheter need not always be placed selectively. Intravenous contrast injection is required with patients advanced in age, when critical cardiovascular conditions prevail, when the arterial access routes are completely occluded or in the case of postoperative checks of the cervical vessels. Although its field of application remains restricted, particularly in the case of intravenous contrast injection, the clinical application of DSA appears well established and its advantages are undisputed. Examples are given to demonstrate the clinical boundaries set to this new imaging procedure based on i.v. and intra arterial contrast injection. PMID- 3895042 TI - [Manual and mechanical sutures: comparison of 2 technics]. PMID- 3895043 TI - Anterior seromyotomy and posterior truncal vagotomy--technique and early results of a randomized trial. AB - Anterior lesser curve seromyotomy with posterior truncal vagotomy (AS + PT) is a new operation for the treatment of chronic duodenal ulcer. Since April 1981 this technique was carried out in 84 patients for three different conditions: chronic duodenal ulcer (N = 48), perforated duodenal ulcer (N = 18) and as an additional procedure in Nissen fundoplication for reflux oesophagitis (N = 18). The surgical technique is described in detail. In the treatment of chronic duodenal ulcer, AS + PT has been compared to proximal gastric vagotomy (PGV) in a randomized clinical trial. 51 Patients (PGV: 26; AS + PT: 25) have been followed up for more than 1 1/2 years. Satisfactory clinical results (Visick grades I + II) were found in 88.5% of patients after PGV and in 92.7% after AS + PT. Basal acid output (BAO) was reduced by 70.2% after PGV and 85.7% after AS + PT, whereas the reduction in pentagastrin stimulated peak acid output (PAO) was 54.2% and 58.9% respectively. Neither in the chronic duodenal ulcer group nor in the two other groups of patients treated by AS + PT were serious postoperative gastric sequelae encountered. The results of this randomized trial suggest that AS + PT is at least as good as PGV in the surgical treatment of chronic duodenal ulcer. We anticipate that AS + PT, which is technically simpler and less time consuming than PGV, will replace PGV as the procedure of choice in the surgical treatment of chronic duodenal ulcer. PMID- 3895044 TI - [Stroke and post-ictal states]. AB - Strokes and their sequelae are currently a major medical and social problem. Hence prevention is fundamental. The treatment of evident stroke whether general therapy, target treatment of the cerebral oedema, or specific treatment of the cerebral haemorrhage or thromboembolism is therefore equally important, though subject to controversy. In a case series of 1015 strokes, paramedical assistance and early physiokinesitherapy proved decisive. Specific treatment of the ischaemia using Buflomedil together with computerised EEG monitoring also looks promising. PMID- 3895045 TI - [Is it possible to improve erythrocyte deformability in vascular diseases in the aged? Preliminary study]. AB - A study is presented of erythrocyte filtration in 10 elderly patients suffering from vasculopathy and treated with 1000 mg X 2 cyticholine per diem for six days. Statistical analysis using the Student's "t" test showed a distinct improvement in the filtration index in all stages of treatment with maximum values (p less than 0.001) reached on the 2nd day, two hours after endovenous administration of 1 g cyticholine. PMID- 3895041 TI - Evoked potentials and brain stem reflexes. AB - The recording of evoked potentials (EPs) has become one of the most useful functional diagnostic techniques in the neurosciences during recent years. In combination with the neurophysiological investigation of brain stem reflexes (BSRs) EPs provide good information concerning circumscribed and diffuse brain and brain stem lesions. In this article the role of EPs and BSRs will be pointed out with special regard to their use in neurosurgery concerning awake and comatose patients as well. Pathological findings caused by extracerebral factors or due to neurological (systemic) and otological diseases will be discussed from the aspect of differential diagnosis only. Evoked potentials described in this paper are short latency potentials which are related to more or less defined generators in the peripheral and central nervous system. EPs of long latency seem to play a role in cognitive, affective and integrative functions of the central nervous system and they will not be dealt with in this article. In recent years an increasing number of review articles and monographs dealing with several aspects of evoked potentials has appeared [16, 17, 18, 25, 69, 80, 84, 122, 123, 124, 127, 130]. PMID- 3895046 TI - [Venous angiectatic malformation of the adrenal gland. Report of a case and review of the literature]. AB - Ectasia of a left adrenal vein in a 64-year-old man is described. The "cyst" thus formed contained 500 ml of blood. Its wall had three layers and was lined with endothelium. The structure of the adrenal was unimpaired. The morphology was indicative of malformation of the vein wall rather than neoplasia. The interest of the case lies in the fact that removal of this rare abnormality resulted in the cure of stable arterial hypertension. The literature reveals other cases of adrenal "cysts" of various kinds associated with continuous or paroxysmal hypertension or adrenal hyperfunction, followed by regression after asportation on all occasions. A morphogenetic classification of adrenal cysts is proposed with notes on each form. PMID- 3895047 TI - [Validity of diagnostic studies in thyroid pathology. Retrospective study]. AB - In view of the growing number of examinations proposed and employed for the diagnosis of diseases of the thyroid, a retrospective evaluation was made of their validity in a series of 2500 patients (1500 operated). Attention was paid to scintiscanning, oncotropic indicators, echography, needle biopsy, thyrolymphography and thyroid hormones as aids to determining the nature of thyroid lesions and the planning of their treatment. Scintiscanning and needle biopsy proved of primary importance in determination of the nature of a lesion. Echography supplied additional, though not necessarily indispensable information. Oncotropic indicators and thyrolymphography do not appear to be useful. They do not provide data enabling a diagnostic problem to be solved, but can only help to increase any doubts that may exist. Determination of thyroid hormones is clearly indicated when planning the management of hot lesions (single, multiple or disseminated nodes), in cold lesions where thyroiditis is suspected, and in all cases where the clinical evidence suggests hypothyroidism. In euthyroid subjects requiring surgery with no objective signs of hypofunction, preoperative determinations appear to be unnecessary, where as post-operative values are of assistance in assessing the functional efficiency of the residual thyroid tissue. The conclusion to be drawn, therefore, is that diagnostic examinations should be employed in a more selective and discriminating manner. PMID- 3895048 TI - [The beginnings of radiology in Turin]. PMID- 3895050 TI - Effect of ketamine on amino acid-evoked release of acetylcholine from rat cerebral cortex in vitro. AB - N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), quisqualate, kainate and potassium increased, in a dose-dependent manner, the efflux of radioactivity from rat cerebral cortex minislices preincubated with [3H]choline. Ketamine (1-5 microM) and magnesium (0.1-1 mM) reduced only the release evoked by NMDA. The non-parallel shift of the NMDA dose-response curve suggests that ketamine is not acting as a competitive antagonist of NMDA. PMID- 3895049 TI - A direct projection from the nucleus oculomotorius to the retina in rats. AB - The centrifugal projection to the eye has been studied in rats with anterograde and retrograde tracing techniques. As a retrograde tracer Nuclear Yellow (NY) was used. Following NY injections into the vitreous body of the eye, labeled neurons were exclusively found bilaterally in nucleus oculomotorius. The course and termination site of the retinopetal fibers were studied with the anterograde tracer Phaseolus vulgaris-leucoagglutinin (PHA-L). Iontophoretic injections of PHA-L in nucleus oculomotorius resulted in labeling of retinopetal fibers which reach the eye via the optic tract and optic nerve. Preterminal arborizations were found in the inner nuclear layer of the retina. In addition, labeled fibers have been observed which seem to terminate within the optic tract and optic nerve. It is suggested that the projection from the nucleus oculomotorius to the retina constitutes a link in the multisynaptic efferent pathway from the visual cortex to the eye, by which the visual cortex can influence the functioning of the retina. PMID- 3895051 TI - A dream come true: Richard Olding Beard and the University of Minnesota School of Nurses. PMID- 3895052 TI - The biosynthesis of porphyrins, chlorophylls, and vitamin B12. PMID- 3895053 TI - Genetic galactosylceramidase deficiency (globoid cell leukodystrophy, Krabbe disease) in different mammalian species. AB - Globoid cell leukodystrophy (Krabbe disease) in man is a rare genetic disorder caused by deficiency of galactosylceramidase activity. Clinical and pathological manifestations are almost exclusively confined to the nervous system, particularly to the white matter and the peripheral nerve. The disease also occurs in four other mammalian species: dog, cat, sheep and mouse. Except for the feline disease, for which enzymatic information is lacking, these animal models are genetically equivalent to the human disease. The clinical and pathological features are fundamentally similar in all species, as might be expected from the same underlying genetic defect. Nevertheless, significant species differences are observed in the clinical course, severity of pathological alterations, and analytical biochemistry. These genetically "authentic" animal models provide an invaluable tool for studies of the rare human genetic disorder. Results of studies already done and the future potentials are discussed. PMID- 3895054 TI - Pyrethroid structure-toxicity relationships in mammals. PMID- 3895055 TI - Choosing software: the importance of instructional design. PMID- 3895056 TI - Gastroenteritis caused by Escherichia coli and Shigella retards the growth of children. PMID- 3895057 TI - Insulin binding to erythrocytes as a function of energy status. PMID- 3895058 TI - Should dietary treatment of phenylketonuria be continued after infancy? PMID- 3895059 TI - Action stat! Tension pneumothorax. PMID- 3895060 TI - Resources--benefits and services. PMID- 3895061 TI - Humoral abnormalities in three patients with idiopathic chronic polyneuropathy. PMID- 3895062 TI - Management of diabetes mellitus in children. PMID- 3895064 TI - Critical care equipment guide. PMID- 3895063 TI - Medical cataphoresis. Electrical experimentation and 19th century therapeutics. PMID- 3895065 TI - Lung 99Tcm-DTPA transfer: a method for background correction. AB - A method to correct for background in lung DTPA transfer has been developed for use with a large field of view gamma camera. The method gives comparable values of T50 to those obtained by Jones et al. The correction factors vary from apex to base; therefore to allow intersegmental T50 comparisons each segment should be corrected for background using its own correction factor. PMID- 3895066 TI - Chemical teratogenesis and reproductive failure. PMID- 3895067 TI - Effects of oral contraceptives on blood coagulation. A review. AB - A review of the data from studies of oral contraceptives on coagulation and the fibrinolytic enzyme systems reveal an increase of a variety of coagulation factors. This is dose dependent and related to estrogens and appreciable above a dose of 0.5 micrograms of ethynylestradiol. Smaller amounts are less effective or not at all active. The mechanism of this increase is unknown. The pathophysiological significance is not yet clear. There is no available data that associate the increase of coagulation factors with disseminated intravascular coagulation. Conclusive evidence that low dose progesterone has any effect on the coagulation system is lacking. PMID- 3895068 TI - Renal disease in pregnancy. AB - Renal disease in pregnancy may be progressive but only rarely. The problems encountered that create maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality relate to the development of superimposed preeclampsia and renal failure. Diagnosis is important to differentiate the cause of renal pathology so that appropriate treatment can be undertaken. The use of medications in renal disease in the presence of hypertension is controversial; however, adequate therapy should be given if indicated. Most cases of renal disease in pregnancy do not require termination; however, counseling concerning pregnancy is needed initially or subsequently. PMID- 3895069 TI - Degree of oligohydramnios and pregnancy outcome in patients with premature rupture of the membranes. AB - Amniotic fluid volume was serially assessed by real-time ultrasound in 90 patients who presented with premature rupture of the membranes (PROM) and not in labor. The degree of oligohydramnios was correlated to the outcome of pregnancy, as reflected by pregnancy prolongation, intrapartum fetal heart rate patterns consistent with umbilical cord compression, cesarean section rate, fetal distress, infection, and perinatal mortality rate. These data suggest that in patients with PROM the degree of oligohydramnios is positively correlated with unfavorable pregnancy outcome. PMID- 3895070 TI - Relationship of ultrasound findings after cesarean section to operative morbidity. AB - Postcesarean section febrile morbidity remains a common problem on obstetric services. Although a few preliminary studies have reported on the use of ultrasound to assess the postcesarean section patient, they have not compared sonographic findings with either intraoperative or postoperative events. These reports have noted fluid collections around the incision site. In this report of 100 postcesarean section patients, it is noted that echo-free areas anterior to the incision site, which correspond to the described fluid collections, were present in 29% of patients and were more frequently found in patients with excess blood loss at surgery. Patients whose echo-free areas were greater than or equal to 3.5 cm were significantly more likely to have postoperative morbidity. The significance of these findings and the role of ultrasound in the evaluation of the postcesarean section patient are discussed. PMID- 3895071 TI - Growth discordancy in twin pregnancies: a risk factor not detected by measurements of biparietal diameter. AB - Among 460 twin pregnancies delivered at the University Central Hospital of Turku from 1970 to 1981, there were 41 (8.9%) with a weight difference of 25% or more between twins when calculated from the weight of the larger twin. The perinatal death rate in the first group (9.7%) was significantly higher (P less than .01) than the perinatal death rate (3.7%) in the group with the weight difference of less than 25%. The intrauterine mortality rate, in particular, was significantly increased (P less than .001) in the group with 25% or more difference being 6.5 fold when compared with the more difference being 6.5-fold when compared with the group with the lower weight difference. Among 271 twin pregnancies examined by ultrasound one to two weeks before delivery, there were 31 (11.4%) pairs of twins with a 3-mm or more difference in biparietal diameter, 11 (4.1%) with a 4-mm or more difference, and seven (2.6%) with a 5-mm or more difference. The sensitivity of measurements of biparietal diameter to detect the growth discordancy was 9 to 35%, the specificity 90 to 98%, and the positive predictivity 23 to 29%. This study indicates that a divergent growth pattern in twin pregnancy carries an elevated risk of intrauterine death, especially for the smaller twin. Measurement of biparietal diameter is not a method sensitive enough to detect these high-risk twin pregnancies. PMID- 3895072 TI - Candida tropicalis vulvovaginitis. AB - In a majority of patients with candidal vulvovaginitis, drug therapy is convenient and effective. A small but significant group of patients remain symptomatic with recurrent, chronic candidiasis. A study of 805 patients was undertaken to delineate microbiologically candidal species. The study revealed that the recurrence rate for Candida tropicalis was twice the rate for Candida albicans, and that despite continuous medical care and multiple therapies, the recurrent C tropicalis patients remained symptomatic with persistence of the organism. The difficulty encountered with eradication of C tropicalis may have been due to the lack of susceptibility of the cell membrane to the commonly used antifungal agents. PMID- 3895073 TI - Relationship of vaginitis to the sex of conceptuses. AB - The relative viability of X-bearing and Y-bearing spermatozoa is influenced by factors in the vagina such as pH. The vaginal environment, in turn, is influenced by its flora. This study examined the relationship of the vaginal flora to the sex of conceptuses. It was found that women who carried Trichomonas vaginalis or Bacteroides sp or who had nonspecific vaginitis at first prenatal visit were significantly more likely to deliver females than women who carried none of these organisms (54 versus 37%, P less than .02). PMID- 3895074 TI - Recurrent and persistent vulvovaginal candidiasis: treatment with ketoconazole. AB - Forty-two women were administered ketoconazole, an orally absorbed antifungal agent. The symptoms of vulvar pruritus, burning, pain, and dysuria and the signs of vulvar erythema and fissures and vaginal erythema were associated with Candida albicans. Although ketoconazole relieved symptoms and signs seven days after therapy, a high recurrence rate occurred by 28 days after therapy. PMID- 3895075 TI - Remission of diabetes mellitus in pregnancy. AB - The diabetic state is usually considered to worsen as pregnancy progresses. However, the present study is a case report of an insulin-dependent pregnant diabetic needing no insulin during most of her pregnancy. A review of reported cases and possible contributing factors are discussed. PMID- 3895076 TI - Nonimmune hydrops fetalis in association with hemangioma of the umbilical cord. AB - Nonimmune hydrops fetalis is becoming the predominant form of fetal hydrops due to the declining frequency of Rh isoimmunization. Reported is the preterm delivery of a hydropic twin with umbilical cord and cutaneous hemangiomata. The unusual umbilical angiomatous malformation was associated with marked edema of the cord. This produced an ultrasonographic abnormality detected antenatally as a multicystic mass in close approximation to the fetal abdomen. The hydropic twin responded to aggressive neonatal management. It appears that hemangiomata of the umbilical cord may be causally related to fetal hydrops and may represent another entry in the differential diagnosis of this disorder. PMID- 3895077 TI - Perinatal problems of the obese mother and her infant. AB - The health consequences of obesity in adults encompass both metabolic and cardiovascular complications. Pregnancy in obese women also has a particular set of problems. For the obese pregnant woman, these include weight gain less than 5.4 kg, chronic hypertension and superimposed preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, multiple gestation, and the potential for a macrosomic child. The combination of obesity and maternal diabetes does not appear to have an additive effect on the excessive growth of infants of obese mothers. Furthermore, despite inadequate weight gain, hypertension, and multiple gestation, infants of obese mothers are usually born with a greater birth weight than those of nonobese women. In addition, the incidence of intrauterine growth retardation is lower after an obese pregnancy. Neonates born to obese mothers have increased risk for birth asphyxia and birth trauma. Recently infants born to obese women were noted to have transient neonatal fasting asymptomatic hypoglycemia. Hyperinsulinism is not present in the infants of obese mothers; thus, alternate fuel mobilization (free fatty acids, glycerol, ketones) may respond to the hypoglycemic stimulus. Suggestions and rationale for the management of the pregnant obese woman, fetus, and newly born infant are discussed in the text. PMID- 3895078 TI - Diagnosis and management of fetal holoprosencephaly. AB - The holoprosencephalies are a spectrum of cerebral and facial malformations resulting from incomplete division of the embryonic forebrain. Using ultrasound to search for structural defects in the fetal brain and to measure interorbital distances, the alobar variety can be diagnosed antenatally. A series of seven cases is presented. Criteria for diagnosis and guidelines for obstetric management are presented. PMID- 3895079 TI - Diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy: value of the discriminatory human chorionic gonadotropin zone. AB - A prospective study was conducted to test the hypothesis that the absence of an intrauterine gestational sac when the serum level of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is above 6500 mIU/mL is indicative of ectopic pregnancy. A total of 383 patients who were clinically suspected to have ectopic pregnancies had pelvic ultrasound examinations with serum hCG determinations on the day of the scan. There were 217 (57%) intrauterine gestations, 104 (27%) ectopic pregnancies, and 62 (16%) spontaneous abortions. Forty-one percent of patients had an hCG level above 6500 mIU/mL. The absence of an intrauterine gestational sac at an hCG concentration above this level had a sensitivity of 100%, a specificity of 96%, a positive predictive value of 86%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and was 98% efficient, based on a 19.4% prevalence of ectopic pregnancies among this group. PMID- 3895080 TI - Presence of an estrogen-regulated protein in endometrial cancer. AB - The presence of an estrogen-regulated protein of Mr 24,000 (24K) was studied in 43 patients diagnosed as having endometrial adenocarcinoma. using an anti-24K monoclonal antibody, a modified immunoperoxidase system (avidinbiotin complex) was used to detect the presence of 24K in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples. The positivity for 24K was correlated with low tumor histologic grade, few mitotic figures, few nucleoli, and a low degree of nuclear pleomorphism. These data suggest that 24K may be a potential marker of tumor differentiation. PMID- 3895081 TI - Maternal liver hemangioma in pregnancy as an incidental finding. AB - The detection of an asymptomatic liver hemangioma as an incidental finding in pregnancy is presented. At the present time a significant amount of data and experience in the diagnosis of hepatic hemangioma by ultrasound and bolus enhanced sequential computed tomography exists. Although the natural history of liver hemangiomas is not understood completely, the course of asymptomatic, small, single lesions appears to be without any significant complication. Presently the routine use of angiography in liver hemangiomas is unnecessary. Guidelines for management of the asymptomatic liver hemangioma have been suggested. PMID- 3895082 TI - Enlarged fetal cisterna magna: appearance and significance. AB - The differential diagnosis of a posterior fossa fluid collection in the fetus includes an enlarged cisterna magna, Dandy-Walker syndrome, or a posterior fossa cyst, each of which has differing implications for perinatal management. Causes of an enlarged cisterna magna include cerebellar hypoplasia, communicating hydrocephalus, and normal variation. Cerebellar hypoplasia is a frequent finding in the trisomies and therefore a careful search should be made for associated cardiac anomalies, growth retardation, and polyhydramnios. PMID- 3895083 TI - Pregnancy-associated group B streptococcal endocarditis: a report of two fatal cases. AB - Group B streptococci commonly colonize parturient women, yet pregnancy-associated endocarditis due to this organism is rare. Most reports of group B streptococcal endocarditis are from the preantibiotic era and occurred in women with rheumatic mitral valve disease. Reported herein are two cases of fatal group B streptococcal endocarditis involving the aortic valve of women with no preexisting heart disease. One had undergone a second-trimester abortion and the other had a normal pregnancy and uncomplicated vaginal delivery. PMID- 3895084 TI - Gonococcal endocarditis during pregnancy: simultaneous cesarean section and aortic valve surgery. AB - Gonococcal endocarditis is a rare and potentially fatal consequence of disseminated gonococcal infection. Presented is the first known case of culture proved gonococcal and serratia endocarditis in pregnancy. The case was further complicated by fetal distress at 30 weeks' gestation as a result of maternal decompensation from worsening congestive heart failure secondary to rapid destruction of her aortic valve. Consequently, cardiopulmonary bypass with subsequent aortic valve replacement and implantation of a left ventriculoaortic shunt was initiated immediately after an emergency cesarean section. PMID- 3895085 TI - Management of neonatal genital prolapse: case reports and historic review. AB - Neonatal genital prolapse is a rare condition. It usually occurs during the first few days of life and presents as a tumor mass protruding from the vulva. Most cases occur in association with meningomyelocele or other anomalies of the central nervous system. Two cases are presented to illustrate the usefulness of conservative management of this unusual problem. A historical review of the literature is presented to acquaint the reader with the variety of treatments that have been used in the past. PMID- 3895086 TI - Development of ovarian carcinoma in a cyclosporin A immunosuppressed patient. AB - This is the first report of an ovarian carcinoma developing in a patient immunosuppressed by Cyclosporin A. Thirteen months before the diagnosis of malignancy, the patient received a living related donor kidney transplant whose rejection was controlled by Cyclosporin A and prednisone. The tumor was rapidly fatal five weeks from diagnosis. The literature on malignant transformation in the immunosuppressed patient is reviewed with emphasis on a gynecologic perspective. PMID- 3895087 TI - Mental health at work. 2. PMID- 3895088 TI - [Scanning electron-microscopic study of the islands of Langerhans in the rat]. PMID- 3895089 TI - [Preliminary study of delta-agent in liver tissue of patients with virus hepatitis B]. PMID- 3895090 TI - [Current status of the surgical treatment of primary liver cancer in China]. PMID- 3895091 TI - Isolation and characterization of cell wall and cytoplasmic antigens and peripheral blood leukocyte responses in rabbits immunized with Candida albicans. PMID- 3895092 TI - [A particularly interesting technic for the construction of anterior pontics]. PMID- 3895093 TI - [The Mondani T.V. implant]. PMID- 3895094 TI - Treatment of hairy-cell leukemia with recombinant leukocyte A interferon. AB - A 29-year-old male patient with hairy-cell leukemia was referred for bone marrow transplantation. For tumor mass reduction a treatment with recombinant leucocyte A interferon was started. A complete remission could be achieved in the third month of treatment and no adverse side effects were observed. The patient refused bone marrow transplantation and a relapse was diagnosed 51 days after discontinuation of interferon therapy. Treatment of hairy-cell leukemia with recombinant leukocyte A interferon seems to be a promising approach. PMID- 3895095 TI - Treatment with low dose human recombinant interferon-alpha-2-ARG induces complete remission in patients with hairy cell leukemia. AB - Five cases with advanced hairy cell leukemia refractory to treatment with splenectomy and chemotherapy as well as one patient presenting with a stage-A response to splenectomy were treated with rhu-IFN-alpha 2-arg. 5 X 10(6) were administered intramuscularly every day. Both patients, with advanced disease resistant to conventional therapy and treated for six or more months with rhu-IFN alpha 2-arg, achieved complete clinical remissions. Three further cases treated for less than half a year and also with advanced disease achieved partial remission states with marked reduction of circulating hairy cells and with recovery of normal hemopoiesis. Minimal residual disease in the remaining patient during a three-month period of treatment did not respond. Side effects of rhu-IFN alpha 2 low dose therapy were minimal in 5 cases and comprised a severe leukopenia reversible after dose reduction in one patient. PMID- 3895096 TI - Mitoxantrone in the treatment of relapsed and refractory acute leukemia. AB - Twenty-four patients with acute leukemia and blast crisis of chronic myelocytic leukemia in relapse or refractory to standard chemotherapy were eligible for treatment with mitoxantrone. Mitoxantrone was administered in a dose of 8-13 mg/m2 on five consecutive days. 5 of 20 evaluable patients were induced into complete remission, 1 patient achieved a partial remission. Side effects included moderate to severe bone marrow suppression, moderate mucositis and hair loss. No cardiotoxicity was observed. We believe that mitoxantrone is an active agent in the treatment of acute leukemia and suggest further studies in combination chemotherapy. PMID- 3895097 TI - Treatment of acute myelocytic leukemia with a daunorubicin-cytarabine-6 thioguanine regimen without maintenance therapy. AB - The present study reports on the treatment of 44 patients with AML. 17 patients were male, 27 female. Mean age was 50.1 years. Treatment-regimen consisted of induction-therapy with daunorubicin 45 mg/m2 i.v. d 1-3, cytarabine 100 mg/m2 X 24 h continuous intravenous infusion (c.i.v.i.) d 1-7, 6 thioguanine 100 mg/m2 twice orally d 1-7. There were only two consolidation therapies with daunorubicin and cytarabine and no maintenance therapy. 30 patients (68%) achieved CR, 1 patient (2%) PR, 3 were non-responders (7%). There were 10 (23%) early deaths during or following induction therapy. Median disease-free survival was 6 months, median overall survival 7.5 months. We conclude, that the reported induction therapy is efficient though toxic. To improve long term results, consolidation and intensification therapy should be escalated. PMID- 3895098 TI - Immunotherapy with allogeneic neuraminidase-treated blasts for maintenance in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). Significant prolongation of remission duration in patients receiving at least 3 cycles of therapy. AB - 102 patients with AML (leukemia after preleukemia, 2nd neoplasia included) were treated for remission induction by a modified TAD regimen in Munster; 55 patients (54%) achieved a complete remission (CR). For CR maintenance 40 patients were eligible for randomization according to the study protocol: cyclic chemotherapy (CT) alone vs. chemoimmunotherapy (CIT: plus allogeneic Neuraminidase-treated blasts in high dosage). 5 CR patients, induced identically in Essen, were randomized additionally. Evaluating all patients randomized there is only a marginally beneficial effect of CIT (21 patients) compared to CT (24 patients) concerning median survival (1020+ vs. 612 days) and relapse-free survival (494 vs. 380 days) until now. For patients receiving more than 2 cycles of maintenance therapy, however, CIT prolongs relapse-free survival significantly (930+ vs. 409 days; p = 0,02); that is also true for remission duration. This suggests that only repeated application of blasts may induce an immune response leading to a biologically relevant antileukemic effect. PMID- 3895099 TI - [AML-6 and AML-7 studies on the treatment of acute myelocytic leukemia. Cyclic alternating chemotherapy during remission, and induction of remission and survival of elderly patients]. AB - Twenty-five institutions are participating in the AML-6-trial designed to improve remission incidence and to delay the time of relapse. Therefore, an intensive cyclic therapy is employed early after achievement of remission using either the same drugs of the induction regimen or rotating combinations of alternative drugs, e.g. AMSA, 5-AZA and HD-araC. So far, 266 patients entered the trial. The overall C.R. rate is 71%. 58 patients are randomized to 'maintenance' arm I, 54 to arm II, 79/112 patients are still being studied. Toxicity was in 7% and 3% respectively a reason to interrupt the study during induction or 'maintenance'. Since the intensity of modern protocols for remission induction of AML presents a major problem in elderly patients due to toxicity, and since most studies indicate low remission rates with an increasing death rate in this age group, the AML-7-study was initiated to prospectively compare survival and quality of life of two different therapeutic strategies: immediate intensive remission induction versus supportive care, 'wait and see' policy, and palliative cytoreduction with hydroxyurea and ara C when necessary. During the first 8 months after activating this study, 27 patients entered, 13 were randomized to branch I, and 14 to branch II. PMID- 3895100 TI - [AMSA/etoposide (VP 16-213). A phase I/II study in refractory acute myeloid leukemia]. AB - In a phase I/II study the tolerable doses and antileukemic efficacy of the combination AMSA and etoposide (VP 16-213) was assessed in 20 patients with refractory acute myeloid leukemia. The following 5 day treatment course was found tolerable and effective: AMSA 210 mg/m2/die on days 2, 3 and 4, and etoposide on days 1 and 5 as a 1 h infusion of 100 mg/m2 followed by a 23-h continuous infusion of 230 mg/m2. In 5 of 20 patients partial remissions were achieved; 4 of these patients were primarily resistant against two TAD induction cycles. Bone marrow aplasia without a residual blast population was achieved in 7 of the 8 patients with primary TAD resistance. AMSA/etoposide thus seems to express an antileukemic efficacy without cross-resistance against TAD. PMID- 3895101 TI - Inferior turbinate fracture in the treatment of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction and congenital nasolacrimal duct anomaly. AB - A group of 52 pediatric patients with lacrimal obstruction were considered to be high risk since they had been previously probed (27 patients) or were older (average age 23 months). At the time of probe and irrigation, a small, straight hemostat was placed into the nose to grasp the inferior turbinate and rotate it a full 90 degrees inward. All cases of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (49) resolved following this maneuver. A small muscle hook with the tip directed upward was placed underneath the inferior turbinate to identify three patients with congenital nasolacrimal duct anomaly (absence or atresia of the nasolacrimal duct) who would not have benefitted from further probings and responded to dacryocystorhinostomy. Even though the results of our uncontrolled surgical trial cannot be compared to other treatment methods, the data suggest that even very difficult cases of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction will respond to a simple turbinate fracture with a hemostat without the necessity of complicated tubes or stents. A small muscle hook can be used to identify those rare cases of congenital nasolacrimal duct anomaly who may require specialized procedures such as dacryocystorhinostomy or inferior turbinectomy. PMID- 3895102 TI - Surgical management of encapsulated filtering blebs. AB - Encapsulated filtering blebs associated with elevated intraocular pressure or symptomatic dellen formation, unresponsive to conservative therapy, developed in 24 of 222 eyes following glaucoma filtering surgery over a five-year period, an incidence of 11%. Nine of 13 eyes were treated successfully with primary needling of the bleb. Ten of 11 eyes were successfully treated with primary bleb revision. Four eyes were successfully treated with a combination of needling and surgical revision and one eye required cyclocryotherapy. The overall success rate of needling or bleb revision was 96% after an average follow-up of 20 months. Thus, encapsulation of the filtering bleb, although requiring additional surgery in many cases, carries a favorable long-term prognosis. PMID- 3895103 TI - Complications of surgery in glaucoma. Early and late bacterial endophthalmitis following glaucoma filtering surgery. AB - One case of "early" post-trabeculectomy endophthalmitis and five eyes with "late" endophthalmitis three to nine years after glaucoma filtration surgery are presented. Differentiation of early versus late endophthalmitis is based on the time of onset and pathogenesis. Retrospective analysis of 1100 consecutive trabeculectomies revealed an incidence of less than 0.1% for early and 0.2% for late endophthalmitis. Medical and surgical approaches are discussed. The presumed importance of identifying posterior extension into the vitreous and performing a therapeutic vitrectomy is emphasized. PMID- 3895104 TI - Late onset endophthalmitis associated with filtering blebs. AB - Thirty-six cases of late onset endophthalmitis in patients with filtering blebs are presented. Onset of endophthalmitis ranged from 4 months to 60 years after bleb formation. Possible contributing factors could be identified only in a minority of patients. Aqueous, vitreous or both were cultured in all cases. Eighty-three percent of eyes were culture positive. Streptococci were the most frequent causative organisms, isolated from 57% of culture positive eyes. Twenty three percent of eyes grew Hemophilus influenzae. Only two cases were caused by staphylococci. In general, the visual outcome was poor, probably primarily due to the virulence of the infecting organisms. Endophthalmitis remains a risk even many years after creation of a filtering bleb. The microbiologic spectrum in this clinical setting is considerably different from that of recent postoperative endophthalmitis. Based on the bacteriology and clinical course of the patients presented, recommendations for management are discussed. PMID- 3895105 TI - Do eye hospitals have a role in our future? AB - Eye hospitals, originally founded to care for the poor, have developed into academic centers and tertiary "hospitals of last resort." Inexorable economic pressures, especially price competition, are likely to close many of them, particularly those which are marginal in quality or management. Survival of the remainder may further depend on their ability to adapt to a rapidly changing environment and to fulfill, better than anyone else, the special mission of basic and clinical research and training. Society must be convinced that some of these complex, highly differentiated, relatively expensive eye hospitals are significant national resources, serve the public welfare, and are worth preserving. PMID- 3895106 TI - [Microsurgery in partial injuries of peripheral nerves]. PMID- 3895107 TI - [World War II experience and the problems of current traumatology]. PMID- 3895108 TI - [Possibilities and prospects of quantitative distance infrared thermography in the study of pathology of the locomotor system]. PMID- 3895109 TI - [Amputation of the limbs during World War II and the rehabilitation of the disabled]. PMID- 3895110 TI - [Amputation of the lower limbs with fixation of the muscles to the bone]. PMID- 3895111 TI - [Reconstructive surgery of the spine in tuberculous spondylitis]. PMID- 3895112 TI - [50th anniversary of the Chair of Traumatology and Orthopedics of the Novokuznetsk Institute of Advanced Training of Physicians]. PMID- 3895113 TI - [Surgical treatment of congenital hip dislocation using a medial approach (review of foreign literature)]. PMID- 3895114 TI - [Dr. Istvan Simonovits, 1907-1985]. PMID- 3895115 TI - [The role of coagulase-negative staphylococci in septic conditions]. PMID- 3895116 TI - [Unusual severe hemorrhagic complication of the duodenal stump in the 3d month after gastric resection]. PMID- 3895117 TI - [The periodical Irodalom Tudomany (Literature Science) founded 40 years ago]. PMID- 3895118 TI - [In memory of Gyula Vigyazo]. PMID- 3895119 TI - [Creation of forms of medical administration in the 18th century]. PMID- 3895121 TI - [Chloroquine sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum]. PMID- 3895120 TI - [Histological picture of the rejection reaction in kidney grafts]. PMID- 3895122 TI - [Serum beta 2 microglobulin in chronic lymphoid leukemia]. PMID- 3895123 TI - [Psoriatic arthropathy and amyloidosis]. PMID- 3895124 TI - [The gerontologist Mechnikov]. PMID- 3895125 TI - [Centenary of the birth of Dr. Jeno Kiraly]. PMID- 3895127 TI - [Commemorative plaques at the hospital in Nyiregyhaza]. PMID- 3895126 TI - [Public kitchens at the end of the Middle Ages (safety measures in the imperial kitchen of the Great Moguls)]. PMID- 3895128 TI - Ultrasonic measurement of transverse lens diameter during accommodation. AB - A new method is introduced which makes possible in vivo measurement of transverse lens diameter (T.L.D.) with ultrasound. The horizontal T.L.D. was measured for 7 nearly emmetropic subjects at accommodation stimulus levels of 0,2,4,6 and 8 dioptres. The unaccommodated T.L.D. was found to be proportional to the axial length. The mean unaccommodated T.L.D. was found to be larger than in vitro measurements reported in the literature. PMID- 3895129 TI - The relationship between the extent of visual field and driving performance--a review. AB - The effect of the extent of visual field upon driving performance has recently received a great deal of interest. With such a volume of traffic on the roads today, peripheral vision would seem to be essential for safe driving and yet past literature is inconclusive as to the relationship between the extent of visual field and driving performance. This paper reviews the research work and gives possible reasons for the lack of relationship reported in most of the studies. Until further research work does determine the minimum visual field required for safe driving, the role of the medical practitioner in advising patients when they are considered unsafe to drive is in question. The provision of a period of adaptation after complete loss of vision in a previously normal eye should also be considered, during which time the motorist is temporarily banned from driving. PMID- 3895130 TI - [History of the studies on the lymphatic system of laryngeal mucosa]. PMID- 3895131 TI - [Cupped ears]. PMID- 3895132 TI - [Protruding ears]. PMID- 3895133 TI - [A case of aspergillosis of the ear]. PMID- 3895134 TI - Liver transplantation. PMID- 3895135 TI - Management of the child with chronic cholestasis. PMID- 3895136 TI - Diagnostic imaging in parasitic infections. AB - Imaging may play a major role in diagnosis when the clinical condition suggests a parasite, it may often be useful in confirming a diagnosis and assessing the results of treatment, and it may provide the first indication of parasitic infection when the symptomatology is vague. This article presents guidelines for reviewing diagnostic images for pediatricians looking for the diagnosis or the differential diagnosis of their patient's ill health when parasitic infection is suspected. PMID- 3895137 TI - Primary amebic meningoencephalitis. AB - Primary amebic meningoencephalitis is a disease caused by the free-living amebae of the genera Naegleria or Acanthamoeba. The clinical course may result in death a few days after presentation or it may be insidious, with progressive neurologic deterioration and death after a chronic course. This article describes the organisms involved, the clinical course, pathology, diagnosis, and treatment of the disease. PMID- 3895138 TI - Malaria. AB - Malaria continues to present staggering morbidity and mortality statistics. In this well-detailed article, the authors examine the increased incidence of malaria in many areas, describe the malarial parasites, discuss the clinical course, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment, and address the issues of transfusion malaria, congenital malaria, immunity, chemoprophylaxis, and vaccine. PMID- 3895139 TI - Toxoplasmosis. AB - Toxoplasmosis infection occurs worldwide wherever cats are present. However, toxoplasmosis, the disease, is relatively rare. In this article, the author examines the cycle of transmission, addresses the problem of congenital transmission, discusses the symptomatology and pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment, and prevention and control of the disease. PMID- 3895140 TI - Cysticercosis. A modern day plague. AB - The authors describe the magnitude of the cysticercosis problem and describe the organism, the clinical features of the disease, the propensity of the organism for development in the central nervous system, pathologic considerations, clinical diagnosis, and treatment. PMID- 3895141 TI - Intestinal nematode infections. AB - This article discusses strongyloidiasis, hookworm infection, trichostrongyliasis, ascariasis, trichuriasis (whipworm infection), and enterobiasis (pinworm infection). For each infection, the author describes the organism, the epidemiology and geographic distribution, symptomatology and pathogenesis, and diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 3895143 TI - Morphologic and metabolic development of human fetal epiphyseal chondrocytes in primary culture. AB - Primary chondrocyte culture was carried out after enzymatic digestion of femoral and tibial epiphyseal cartilage of human fetuses, collected with informed parental consent within 12 h postmortem. Chondrocytes were cultured in HAM F-12 medium with penicillin and 15% serum. Three types of serum were used: human placental cord serum (HPS), fetal calf serum, and human male adult serum. Chondrocytes cultured with HPS grew as monolayers, formed abundant colony groups with a highly metachromatic pericellular matrix, and floating round cells were observed in the culture medium. By the 10th day of culture the great majority of proteoglycans present in the culture medium were found as aggregates. Chondrocytes cultured with fetal calf serum or human male adult serum grew as monolayers, were polygonal in shape, and the pericellular matrix was far less developed than in HPS cultures. By the confluent phase of growth, only approximately a third of the proteoglycans present in the culture medium were found as aggregates. Chondrocytes cultured with HPS proliferated significantly more rapidly than those cultured with fetal calf serum or human male adult serum. The results suggest that certain, as yet unidentified, factors are present in sufficient amount in HPS to allow chondrocytes in culture to retain phenotypic morphological and biochemical characteristics. HPS also facilitates growth of human fetal epiphyseal chondrocytes in culture. Primary human fetal epiphyseal chondrocyte culture could be a suitable experimental tool for the in vitro study of biochemical characteristics of cartilage and factors involved in fetal cartilage metabolism. PMID- 3895142 TI - The effects of chronic fetal hyperglycemia on substrate uptake by the ovine fetus and conceptus. AB - Hyperglycemia in fetal sheep has been shown to increase the fetal metabolic rate. Fetal venous glucose infusion was performed in eight late gestation, chronically catheterized fetal lambs to assess any changes in substrate uptake by the ovine uterus and conceptus. Fetal glucose infusion (11.9 +/- 0.6 mg glucose X kg-1 X min-1) caused a stable increase in fetal plasma glucose concentration approximately 3-fold above baseline. The fetal glucose entry rate increased from 6.6 +/- 0.7 to 9.3 +/- 0.6 mg X kg-1 X min-1 by day 3 of infusion (p less than 0.01) despite a net umbilical glucose excretion during the period of fetal hyperglycemia. Due to a concomitant increase in fetal oxygen consumption, no change in fetal glucose/O2 quotient was observed. A significant relationship was noted (p less than 0.02) between the fetal glucose entry rate and the rate of fetal oxygen consumption. Fetal glucose infusion caused a decrease in uterine glucose uptake as well. No changes were observed in calculated net placental glucose uptake although the relative fetal contribution increased from net placental exit to fetus to a placental uptake amounting to 20.8 +/- 5.8% of the total placental glucose uptake (p less than 0.01). Although no changes in fetal lactate concentration occurred, both maternal and fetal lactate entry rates increased, the magnitude of increase being significantly related to fetal glucose concentration. Both maternal and fetal insulin concentrations rose during the period of fetal hyperglycemia and were related to the respective increases of maternal or fetal substrate uptakes but not to fetal oxygen consumption.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3895144 TI - Regulation of fetal growth. Presidential address, Society for Pediatric Research, May 1984. PMID- 3895145 TI - [Kidney transplantation in children]. PMID- 3895146 TI - [Problem of infection-related urinary calculi and the effectiveness of its treatment in children]. PMID- 3895147 TI - [Muscle hypotonia in urinary tract infection and hyperphosphaturia in infants]. PMID- 3895148 TI - [Evaluation of the effectiveness of bolus doses of prednisolone in steroid resistant and steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome in children]. PMID- 3895149 TI - [Results of captopril therapy of arterial hypertension in children with terminal renal failure]. PMID- 3895150 TI - Prevention of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome by tracheal instillation of surfactant: a randomized clinical trial. AB - With a randomized clinical trial, the possibility was assessed that a tracheal instillation of pulmonary surfactant prior to the first breath might prevent the development of some of the signs of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. Of the 72 infants in the trial, all born at a gestational age of less than 30 weeks, 39 received 3 or 4 mL of surfactant, prepared from the lipids extracted from calf lung lavage. The treatment resulted in a significantly improved gas exchange during the first 72 hours of life. On the average, the arterial/alveolar PO2 ratio was 0.15 higher for the treated infants, and only about half as much extra oxygen had to be supplied. The respiratory support (peak inspiratory pressure X frequency) could be lowered significantly. Pulmonary interstitial emphysema occurred in 13 of the 33 control infants, but in only three of the 39 treated infants. Six of the control infants died in the neonatal period, but only one treated infant died. It is concluded that surfactant supplementation prior to the first breath is feasible and is of value as protection against the respiratory distress syndrome and the negative effects of hypoxia and ventilatory support. PMID- 3895151 TI - Vitamin E and the prevention of retinopathy of prematurity. Committee on Fetus and Newborn. PMID- 3895152 TI - Diagnosis of cat-scratch disease. PMID- 3895153 TI - Questions on the vitamin E study. PMID- 3895154 TI - Predictive testing in cancer chemotherapy. I. In vivo. AB - Several in vivo methods have been assessed for their capacity to predict sensitivity for anticancer agents in humans. Standard strategies have been developed for screening purposes. Adjustments of these strategies are frequently suggested in reports in which the correlation between assay results and clinical therapeutic efficacy is analysed. Low predictivity and high costs of these assays are important reasons for changing the screening strategy. In vivo methods which predict the clinical response in the individual patient, are under investigation. Only the results of the subrenal capsule assay (in normal mice) have been correlated with the clinical response in a larger study. The criticism of the method and the low predictivity for sensitivity in a prospective study provide no reason for optimism. Methods which study changes predicting the clinical response in patients are still in a developmental phase. PMID- 3895155 TI - Baccalaureate education in nursing: key to a professional career in nursing 1985 86. PMID- 3895156 TI - Master's education in nursing: route to opportunities in contemporary nursing 1985-86. PMID- 3895157 TI - Federal funding for nursing education. PMID- 3895158 TI - The DNA sequence of the gene (rnc) encoding ribonuclease III of Escherichia coli. AB - The DNA sequence of a 1,076 base pair BglI-BamHI fragment containing the entire rnc gene for ribonuclease III (RNase III) was determined. An open reading frame of 681 base pairs was found in this region which encodes a protein of 227 amino acid residues (calculated molecular weight = 25,218). When this open reading frame was cloned into a high expression vector, pIN-III, a protein of apparent molecular weight of 26,000 was produced upon induction of the cloned gene. This product accounted for up to 5% of the total cellular protein, and comigrated with purified RNase III. RNase III enzyme activity was induced in parallel with the production of the 26,000 molecular weight protein. A putative promoter was found 170 base pairs upstream from the initiation codon. In the long leader region a very stable stem-bulge-stem structure was found which closely resembles typical RNase III cleavage sites. This structure may be cleaved by RNase III to auto regulate the expression of the rnc gene. PMID- 3895159 TI - A novel class of human type I interferons. AB - The screening of a cDNA library prepared from mRNA of Sendai virus induced Namalwa (human Burkitt's lymphoma) cells, using a human IFN-alpha 2 DNA probe under conditions of low stringency, identified two weakly hybridizing clones containing sequences related to, but discernably different from those of the IFN alpha class. Sequence and hybridization analysis of these cDNAs as well as expression in E. coli provided evidence that they encode proteins which have the characteristics of IFN type I but which are sufficiently diverged in sequence from both IFN-alpha s and IFN-beta to suggest that they are representatives of a new and distinct class of interferons named interferon-omega. Hybridization of these sequences to genomic DNA reveals that this class contains at least four members. PMID- 3895160 TI - Altered DNA contacts made by a mutant AraC protein. AB - Mutant AraC proteins were selected for their ability to induce but not to repress, or their ability to repress but not to induce the araBAD operon. One such unusual mutant is able to bind to the araI site with an affinity only two to three-fold weaker than the wild type AraC protein, but the mutant protein was shown, both in crude extracts and when purified, to contact only two of the three major groove regions of the DNA that are contacted by the wild type protein. PMID- 3895162 TI - The nursing apprentice: an historical perspective. PMID- 3895161 TI - Analysis of dominant copy number mutants of the plasmid pMB1. AB - We characterize two dominant copy number mutants of a derivative of plasmid pMB1. One of the two mutations maps in the -35 region of the primer promoter and results in increased promoter activity. The analysis of the secondary structure in the proximity of the mutant sequence suggests a possible mechanism which could be the basis of the promoter-up phenotype. By comparing the properties of the mutant and the wild type plasmid in an in vitro system, we confirm that the primer and not its coding sequence is the target of RNA I inhibition. The second mutation affects the sequence of the primer so that it is less sensitive to inhibition by RNA I. We propose that this mutation stabilizes a secondary structure necessary for primer formation. PMID- 3895163 TI - Systems of life No 127. Setting up the systems. 27. The nervous system. PMID- 3895164 TI - A new history of nursing. On probation. PMID- 3895165 TI - Transplants. The 'second chance' hospital. PMID- 3895166 TI - Hospital histories. 14. St. Thomas' Hospital. PMID- 3895167 TI - Crisis in care. Developing self-awareness. PMID- 3895168 TI - Legislation. 1. The Beveridge years. PMID- 3895169 TI - Detecting fetal abnormalities. PMID- 3895170 TI - [Neuroepithelial bodies--hypothetical intrapulmonary chemoreceptors]. PMID- 3895172 TI - [Pathogenesis of acute non-inflammatory renal failure]. PMID- 3895171 TI - Bitolterol mesylate: a beta-adrenergic agent. Chemistry, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, adverse effects and clinical efficacy in asthma. AB - Bitolterol, (3-4 diester colterol) is a new beta 2-adrenergic agonist. Since it in itself is biologically inactive, bitolterol is considered a pro-drug. When administered it is activated within the lung by esterase hydrolysis to the active compound colterol catecholamine N-t-butyl-arterenol). In preclinical and clinical studies to date, bitolterol has proved to be an effective bronchodilator for adult and pediatric patients with chronic stable asthma and for some with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Bitolterol has been compared with other beta 2 agents, including isoproterenol, metaproterenol and albuterol. There is no evidence for cardiotoxicity when bitolterol is used in combination with theophylline in human studies. It is effective for control of exercise-induced asthma. PMID- 3895173 TI - [Effect of calcitonin on blood levels of insulin and calcium and on sensitivity to exogenous insulin]. PMID- 3895174 TI - Preventing pneumococcal disease in children: recommendations for using pneumococcal vaccine. PMID- 3895175 TI - Prospective comparative trial of ceftriaxone vs. conventional therapy for treatment of bacterial meningitis in children. AB - Fifty children with bacterial meningitis were prospectively evaluated in a randomized comparative trial of twice daily ceftriaxone with conventional ampicillin and chloramphenicol therapy. The groups were comparable in age, sex, days of illness before admission, severity of illness at admission, etiology and admission cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) parameters and bacterial colony counts. The pathogens were Haemophilus influenzae type b (34 beta-lactamase-negative, 8 beta lactamase-positive); Streptococcus pneumoniae (4); Neisseria meningitidis (3); and Streptococcus agalactiae (1). Initial CSF colony counts ranged from 2.5 X 10(2) to 1 X 10(10) colony-forming units/ml. In 44 children a lumbar puncture was repeated 10.5 to 18 hours after starting treatment; 16 of 24 (67%) ceftriaxone patients and 12 of 20 (60%) conventional therapy patients had sterile cultures. The reduction in the CSF bacterial colony counts (6.3 log10 colony-forming units/ml) was similar in both groups. Ceftriaxone CSF levels ranged from 1.0 to 8.0 micrograms/ml, representing a mean CSF penetration of 11.3% (range, 3.0 to 24.5%) of the simultaneous serum concentration. The median ceftriaxone bactericidal titer in CSF was 1:1024 compared with 1:4 achieved with conventional therapy. There were no significant differences in clinical responses or in frequency of complications, except for diarrhea which occurred in 59% of the ceftriaxone group and in 22% of the other (P less than 0.01). Despite one H. influenzae type b relapse occurring in the ceftriaxone group, ceftriaxone appears to be safe and as effective as conventional therapy for bacterial meningitis in children older than 2 months of age. PMID- 3895176 TI - Q fever in infancy: a review of 18 cases. AB - Infection with Coxiella burnetti (Q fever) was diagnosed in 18 children younger than 3 years of age in The Netherlands during a 16-month period. The diagnosis was confirmed serologically by means of a complement-fixation test and immunofluorescence for IgM determination. A summary of the clinical, hematologic, serologic and epidemiologic features is given. Four children had relapsing episodes of fever during several months. The problem of childhood infection with C. burnetii, particularly in relation to the possibility of intrauterine infection or infection during birth and in the neonatal period, is discussed. In at least one child of this series, an infection by means of breast feeding was considered likely. Q fever is possibly underdiagnosed in children; it should be considered in children with fever of unknown origin. PMID- 3895177 TI - Acquisition of group A streptococcal M protein antibodies. AB - Seventy-five children who acquired positive throat cultures for Group A streptococci among 250 cultured weekly were studied during the school years 1972 1973 and 1973-1974 in order to investigate streptococcal M protein antibodies. Eleven (14.7%) of the children had strain-specific serum M protein antibodies at the time a positive throat culture was first detected or 6 weeks previously. Eight of 64 (12.5%) children acquired strain specific serum M protein antibodies within 6 weeks and another 6 of 46 (13%) did so within 1 year of infection. The presence of strain-specific serum M protein antibodies did not appear to be protective. One-third of the 75 children who acquired positive throat cultures had a significant rise in anti-streptolysin O or anti-hyaluronidase antibody titers. Among those who acquired Group A streptococci, 25 children had positive cultures on 7 or more culture dates. PMID- 3895178 TI - Ceftazidime: a new broad spectrum cephalosporin. PMID- 3895179 TI - Rapid diagnosis of a case of infant botulism by enzyme immunoassay. PMID- 3895180 TI - Treatment of progressive Bacillus Calmette-Guerin infection in an immunodeficient infant with a specific bovine thymic extract (thymostimulin). PMID- 3895181 TI - Neonatal shigellosis with bowel perforation. PMID- 3895182 TI - Jaundice complicating urinary tract infection in childhood. PMID- 3895183 TI - Beta-hemolytic streptococcal carriers among urban and rural school children in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. PMID- 3895184 TI - Prevention of respiratory infections. PMID- 3895185 TI - Photochemistry and photobiology of urocanic acid. AB - E-Urocanic acid is a metabolite of histidine which accumulates in the skin and is excreted in sweat. It has been of interest to photobiologists and photodermatologists because of its intense absorption band at approximately 270 nm, a feature suggestive of a role as a natural photoprotecting agent for DNA. Early work concentrated on the E----Z isomerization resulting from UV excitation. Recent studies have revealed additional, potentially significant, photobiological properties, i.e. photochemical binding to DNA and an apparent involvement of the Z isomer in the phenomenon of photoimmunosuppression. PMID- 3895186 TI - Oral carotenoid treatment in polymorphous light eruption: a cross-over comparison with oxychloroquine and placebo. AB - During 3 consecutive summers, patients from a total group of 40 persons with polymorphous light eruptions (PMLE) participated in a randomized, double-blind, cross-over study comparing the sun-protective effect of placebo capsules, a chloroquine derivative (200 mg daily of oxychloroquine), and a carotenoid preparation (betacarotene and canthaxanthine in a daily total dose of 100 mg). A total of 35 carotenoid, 38 chloroquine, and 27 placebo treatment periods were registered. Full freedom from sun sensitivity was obtained during 6 carotenoid and 8 chloroquine periods, but never with placebo treatment. In addition, a partial sun tolerance was induced in 17 carotenoid periods, 15 chloroquine periods, and in 14 placebo treatment periods. PMID- 3895187 TI - Attempted suicide. AB - Attempted suicide, a common clinical problem with complex origins, makes heavy demands on psychiatric services. Familiarity with established principles of assessment and management can facilitate decision-making, increase treatment engagement, and reduce the risk of subsequent attempts. PMID- 3895188 TI - Suicide. AB - People who attempt suicide and those who complete suicide come from separate but somewhat overlapping populations. Because suicide affects a number of highly functioning individuals, it is important to review the knowledge on completed suicide. The majority of people who commit suicide are psychiatrically ill, especially with unipolar and bipolar depression and alcoholism. Other sociodemographic and symptomatic correlates, as well as familial clustering, are discussed. PMID- 3895189 TI - Self-destructive behavior in children and adolescents. AB - This overview of suicidal behavior of children and adolescents covers aspects of epidemiology and risk factors. The risk factors can be classified as early developmental experiences, expression of affects, and current environmental situations. These risk factors include depression, aggression, parental suicidal behavior, family losses, and family violence and depression. PMID- 3895190 TI - Self-destructive behavior in the substance abuser. AB - This article considers some of the psychophysiologic mechanisms that underlie the driven, apparently self-destructive behavior of addicted persons. The authors review the available literature on the association between suicidal behavior and substance abuse. These issues are discussed in the context of the epidemiology and phenomenology of self-destructive behavior. PMID- 3895191 TI - Munchausen's syndrome and other factitious illness. AB - Current perspectives on Munchausen's syndrome and other factitious illnesses are presented in this article. Self-destructive behavior manifested by the artificial production of illness remains a puzzling but fascinating clinical entity. A distinction between the clinical features of those cases that are more treatable suggests an optimistic rationale for approaching these difficult patients. PMID- 3895192 TI - Self-destructive behavior in hospitalized medical and surgical patients. AB - This article reviews the literature and presents data from the Psychiatric Consultation Service of the Medical University of South Carolina on self destructive behavior in hospitalized medical and surgical patients. Fatal suicide attempts are rare and usually occur in patients with severe, painful chronic illnesses, psychosis, or dementia. Less overt forms of self-destructive behavior include refusal of medical treatment and uncooperative behavior. PMID- 3895193 TI - Self-destructive dermatoses. AB - It appears certain that the causes of self-destructive dermatoses are many and complex. The disorder spans diagnostic categories and varies from unconscious picking at the skin to severe self-destructive actions. Although not limited to any one diagnosis, skin disorders appear to be more prevalent in depression. This association may involve activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis commonly found in depression. Two specific types of commonly occurring dermatoses neurotic excoriations and dermatitis artefacta-are reviewed in this article. The major distinction of these disorders centers on whether the patient can admit to self-mutilation. Because of the difficulties in dermatitis artefacta with insight and body-image, it has been compared with anorexia nervosa. Often, dermatitis artefacta coexists with anorexia nervosa. In both disorders, neurotic excoriations and dermatitis artefacta, the personality style tends to be introverted with emotional immaturity. These patients have difficulty when they are under stress; the problem is compounded because of poor communication skills. Pharmacotherapy is of limited usefulness, and psychotherapy is often times hindered by strong resistance to exploring long-standing emotional issues. Once an alliance is established with the therapist, however, these issues may be examined. Prognosis is variable but does seem to directly correlate with the duration of the illness. Young individuals may experience alleviation of symptoms after one session of psychotherapy, whereas older patients may never have resolution. Dermatologic abuse involving psychosis has many presentations; one of the most common involves infestation. Organic causes must always be excluded as part of the differential diagnosis. In schizophrenia, this presentation has one of the highest incidences of suicide.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3895194 TI - Pathologic gambling and other risk-taking pursuits. AB - Pathologic gambling is a prevalent disorder with important public health consequences. This article describes the syndrome, reviews several theories as to etiology, and offers suggestions for future research. PMID- 3895195 TI - Self-harmful sexual behavior. AB - This article reviews the types of sexual anomaly that are especially likely to result in the physical harm or even death of the affected individual. Detailed descriptions based on the literature and the author's clinical material are given. Despite widespread awareness of masochistic behavior, our knowledge of its causation and the most effective method of treatment are still incomplete. PMID- 3895196 TI - Boxing and chronic brain damage. AB - A chronic, and at times, progressive neurologic syndrome associated with boxing has been recognized for some time by boxing fans and people involved with the sport. Since Martland's first description of the syndrome in 1929, there has been only one randomly selected study of ex-boxers, that of Roberts, which showed a 17 per cent prevalence of this syndrome among boxers who fought between 1929 and 1955. This syndrome can be progressive but often is not. Furthermore, the extent of occupational exposure is probably a significant risk factor. Because of this, it would be expected that the prevalance of the syndrome in the modern boxer, as well as the amateur, would be significantly less than during the first half of the century, and, indeed, several studies appear to support this. Recent studies provide evidence that brain damage does exist in modern boxers and suggests that "subclinical" brain damage is likely to be more prevalent than obvious clinical dysfunction. There is clearly a discrepancy between subclinical evidence of neurologic involvement (for example, an abnormal CT scan) and signs of clinical neurologic dysfunction (for example, clinical exam and neuropsychological testing). The latter tend to show less frequent and consistent evidence of brain damage in boxers than does the CT scan. Although it is tempting to assume that an abnormal CT scan presages the development of neurologic dysfunction, it is not clear that this is the case. The prevalence of the syndrome, risk for progression to functional deficit, warning signs, and the natural history cannot be defined at this time. The only way to better define these parameters would be a controlled prospective study, which has yet to be undertaken. PMID- 3895197 TI - Psychodynamics and psychotherapeutic management of the self-destructive character disordered patient. AB - This article addresses some of the therapeutic strategies that the author has employed over the past number of years in treating a large number of patients usually referred to in the literature as having borderline or narcissistic personality disorders. The author refers to these patients as characterologically difficult. The focus of the treatment strategies is on the more fragile of these patients. PMID- 3895198 TI - Suicide in doctors. AB - This article critically reviews the evidence as to whether or not those who choose medicine for a career have an increased risk of suicide. Evidence is examined in relation to medical students, physicians, physicians' wives, women physicians, psychiatric residents, and psychiatrists. PMID- 3895200 TI - [Benzene and leukemias and malignant lymphomas]. PMID- 3895199 TI - Suicidal and parasuicidal behavior in borderline personality disorder. AB - One of the most perplexing and dangerous aspects of borderline personality disorder is the wide array of suicidal and parasuicidal behaviors. Close phenomenologic evaluation of these behaviors reveals that they can be differentiated into various subcategories. Approaching these behaviors with a biologic perspective may prove helpful in elucidating the underlying etiologies and therapeutic approaches. PMID- 3895201 TI - The oral immune system under normal and pathological conditions. PMID- 3895202 TI - The diagnostic value of the new method for the study of undecalcified bones and teeth with attached soft tissue (Sage-Schliff (sawing and grinding) technique). PMID- 3895203 TI - What's new in macrophage-tumor cell interaction? AB - Macrophages--alone or interacting with other host defense elements--can modify the tumor growth, which usually means a process ending with tumor-cell killing, but in some instances may promote tumor progression. The knowledge on the actual capacity of host extra- and/or intratumoral macrophages to be activated by different kinds of biological modifiers or other effector cells, is necessary in order to design effective immun-manipulation in cancer patients. Progression of malignant tumors can be considered as the outcome of innumerable interactions between tumor cells and host cells with a clear indication on the failure of host defense. Host defense against tumors represents a complex series of interrelated specific and non-specific reactions of different cell types including macrophages. There is little doubt that macrophages--at least in vitro--can effectively destroy tumor cells by cytolytic mechanism, although in few instances their supportive effect on tumor growth is also documented. All of these events require the activation of macrophages. PMID- 3895204 TI - Evaluation of the patient with spontaneous thrombophlebitis. AB - Even in the hands of a skilled clinician, the clinical diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis is often inaccurate. With the proper use of noninvasive tests as a screening procedure to determine which patients should have phlebography, diagnostic accuracy can be markedly improved. PMID- 3895205 TI - The management of liver trauma. AB - Despite advances in the management of liver trauma during the past 40 years, haemorrhage has remained the commonest cause of death. This article outlines the diversity of opinion between the desire to determine the extent of damage and resect devitalised tissue with its attendant risk of exacerbating haemorrhage, and the alternative of a more conservative approach. PMID- 3895207 TI - Renal and hepatic angiomyolipoma. PMID- 3895206 TI - Hormonal and biochemical responses to transcendental meditation. AB - This study was designed to assess whether transcendental meditation (TM) could influence various endocrine responses in 10 experienced male meditators. Nine matched subjects, uninformed of the TM procedure, acted as controls. Meditators successfully practised their technique for 40 min in the morning while controls relaxed for this period. No significant differences emerged between these 2 groups with respect to carbohydrate metabolism (plasma glucose, insulin and pancreatic glucagon concentrations), pituitary hormones (growth hormone and prolactin) or the 'stress' hormones, cortisol and total catecholamines-although meditators tended to have higher mean catecholamine levels. Plasma free fatty acids were significantly elevated in meditators 40 min after completing the period of TM. No clear evidence was thus obtained that any of the stress, or stress-related, hormones were suppressed during or after meditation in the particular setting examined. PMID- 3895208 TI - Echo-free renal masses on ultrasound: the stethoscope as an adjunct to their diagnosis. AB - A patient with an intrarenal arteriovenous malformation is described. Ultrasound suggested this to be a renal cyst but auscultation revealed a loud bruit and, on the basis of this, arteriography rather than cyst puncture was carried out. PMID- 3895209 TI - Metastatic hypernephroma from a native kidney after cadaver renal transplantation. PMID- 3895211 TI - Segmental infarction of the omentum: diagnosis by ultrasound. AB - Pre-operative diagnosis of segmental infarction of the omentum is difficult because of its rarity and non-specific clinical features. We present a case of omental infarction and suggest that ultrasound scan may be helpful in the diagnosis of this entity. PMID- 3895210 TI - A clinical trial using co-trimoxazole in an attempt to reduce wound infection rates in dog bite wounds. AB - One hundred and thirteen patients were entered into a randomized, prospective double-blind, placebo controlled trial to assess the use of co-trimoxazole in reducing wound infections after dog bites. Although there was a reduction in the wound infection rate from 13.8% in the placebo group to 5.5% in the treatment group this did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.135). If hand wounds are considered separately, no infections occurred in the treatment group and a benefit seems likely. PMID- 3895212 TI - Dietary protein and yolk sac inoculation with Escherichia coli in young turkeys. AB - An experiment was conducted to examine the effect of pathogenic Escherichia coli inoculated into the yolk sac of day-old turkeys. Escherichia coli was isolated from the yolk sac of stunted poults and inoculated directly into the yolk sac of day-old birds. Poults were administered either .1 ml of uninoculated sterile Todd Hewitt broth or .1 ml of a 10(-3) or 10(-2) dilution of a 24-hr E. coli culture containing 3.4 X 10(8) viable bacteria/ml. In addition, poults were fed either 28 or 22% protein diets from 0 to 21 days of age to form a 3 X 2 factorial arrangement. Body weight gain and feed consumption were measured weekly, and dry matter and protein retention and nitrogen-corrected metabolizable energy were measured from 7 to 10 and 17 to 20 days postinoculation. Intestinal mucosal dipeptidase and maltase activities were determined at 21 days of age. Average mortality by 7 days of age was increased from 1 to 36% from the E. coli inoculation of the yolk sac. Escherichia coli significantly depressed body weight gain and feed consumption 27 and 30, 13 and 16, and 6 and 8%, respectively, during the first, second, and third weeks of the experiment but failed to affect feed efficiency. Feeding a 28% protein diet alleviated the depression in feed consumption and body weight gain to some extent compared with a substantial depression at 22% protein. Nitrogen content and gross energy of the excreta were increased by both dilutions of E. coli for the 7 to 10-day period; this was indicative of a malabsorption of nutrients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3895213 TI - [Indirect construction of crowns for higher precision. A panel discussion]. PMID- 3895214 TI - [Complete dentures in a case with large immediate lateral shift. Effect of wide centric occlusion]. PMID- 3895215 TI - [Controlled randomized clinical studies of the early detection of lung cancer. A review of 3 studies in the USA]. PMID- 3895216 TI - [Digital subtraction angiography in Swyer-James syndrome]. PMID- 3895217 TI - Microphthalmia--prenatal ultrasonic diagnosis: a case report. AB - Prenatal real-time ultrasonographic diagnosis of microphthalmia is presented. Diagnosis was made at 18 weeks' gestation in a fetus of a patient with a previous infant affected with the syndrome of cryptophthalmia with absence of septum nasi and ambiguous genitalia (Fraser syndrome). Recognition of microphthalmia as a part of Fraser syndrome and the easy visualization of fetal facial bones and orbits in the second trimester made the diagnosis possible. PMID- 3895218 TI - Third trimester ultrasound diagnosis of intestinal atresia following clinical evidence of polyhydramnios. AB - Five cases of intestinal atresia were diagnosed using real-time ultrasonography following clinical evidence of polyhydramnios. No correlation was noted between ultrasound findings and the severity of the lesions. Two of the five babies died at 35 and 77 days respectively. Prematurity and presence of other abnormalities were factors in the deaths. PMID- 3895219 TI - Cystic hygroma: prenatal diagnosis and genetic counselling. AB - Six cases of cystic hygromas detected during second trimester ultrasound examination are reported: 4 fetuses (67 per cent) had a 45, X karyotype, 1 fetus had trisomy 18, 1 fetus had a normal karyotype (46,XX) and at autopsy multiple anomalies were observed. In the latter case the family history suggested an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance. In order to reach a definite diagnosis and give proper genetic counselling when a fetus is found to have cystic hygroma, a fetal karyotype as well as a family and reproductive history should be obtained. PMID- 3895220 TI - Antigen expression by trophoblast populations in the human placenta and their possible immunobiological relevance. AB - Antigen expression by villous and extravillous human trophoblast populations at discrete anatomical sites has been reviewed. The various different antigenic phenotypes have been highlighted using a panel of monoclonal antibodies reactive with characteristic trophoblast membrane antigens, a trophoblast-leucocyte common antigen, class I MHC antigens, epithelial cell cytokeratin and epithelial membrane markers. This approach has allowed three separate fetal trophoblast populations to be identified within term amniochorionic membranes, and also has facilitated further definition of trophoblast populations in maternal uterine tissues. Furthermore, antigenic alterations have been noted in the maternal uterine gland epithelium in pregnancy leading to the expression of a trophoblastic phenotype, thereby suggesting a mechanism of extrinsic regulation of gene expression in these tissues. The possible involvement in the immunoregulatory control of maternal responses in pregnancy of MHC-linked gene products expressed by trophoblast has been discussed. PMID- 3895221 TI - Sequence-dependent termination of in vitro DNA synthesis by cis- and trans diamminedichloroplatinum (II). AB - Inhibition of DNA replication by the antitumor drug cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) (cis-DDP) has been proposed to be responsible for its cytotoxicity. Treatment of primed phage M13 mp8 viral DNA templates with the drug followed by second-strand synthesis using large fragment DNA polymerase I reveals that cis DDP forms an adduct with DNA that inhibits DNA synthesis in vitro. This inhibition occurs at all (dG)n (n greater than or equal to 2) sequences in the template strand, confirming that these regions are the major cis-DDP binding sites on DNA. trans-Diamminedichloroplatinum (II), which is inactive as a drug, also forms adducts that inhibit DNA synthesis. Although considerably lower specificity is observed with the trans isomer, there appears to be a preference for d(GpNpG) sequences, where N is any intervening nucleotide. The monofunctional adduct formed between chlorodiethylenetriamineplatinum(II) chloride and DNA does not inhibit DNA synthesis in this system. PMID- 3895222 TI - Electron microscopic visualization of trp operon expression in Salmonella typhimurium. AB - Transcriptional activity of plasmids carrying wild-type and mutant trp operons was visualized in cell lysates of Salmonella typhimurium. Plasmid and transcription-unit sizes varied with the size of the cloned operon. Following 3 (3-indolyl)acrylic acid derepression, all operons of a particular type exhibited the same high level of transcriptional activity. An estimated 11-14 transcripts must be initiated each minute to maintain the 190-base-pair spacing of RNA polymerases observed on the promoter-proximal half of the wild-type trp operon. A decline in RNA polymerase density was observed on promoter-distal portions of cloned trp operons, which may be attributable to premature transcription termination accompanying translation inhibition due to indolylacrylic acid's interference with normal tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase activity. PMID- 3895223 TI - Sequence analysis of three Sindbis virus mutants temperature-sensitive in the capsid protein autoprotease. AB - We have cloned and sequenced the cDNA made to the region of RNA encoding the structural proteins of three complementation group C mutants of Sindbis virus, ts2, ts5, and ts13, and of their revertants. These mutants possess defects in the posttranslational processing of their structural proteins at the nonpermissive temperature. Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences of the mutants with those of the revertants and with the parental HR strain of virus showed all three mutants to have single amino acid substitutions in the highly conserved COOH terminal half of the capsid protein that give rise to temperature sensitivity. ts2 and ts5 were found to have the same lesion and thus represent independent isolations of the same mutant, whereas ts13 possessed a different change. Reversion to temperature insensitivity in all three mutants occurred by reversion of the mutated nucleotide to the parental nucleotide, restoring the original amino acid. It has been previously postulated that the capsid protein possesses an autoproteolytic activity that cleaves the capsid protein from the nascent polyprotein during translation. Comparison of the amino acid sequence of the capsid protein with that of serine proteases leads us to hypothesize that histidine-141, aspartate-147, and serine-215 of the Sindbis capsid protein form the catalytic triad of a serine protease. This hypothesis is supported by the finding that all three temperature-sensitive lesions mapped occur near these residues: ts2 and ts5 change proline-218 to serine and in ts13 lysine-138 has been replaced by isoleucine. PMID- 3895224 TI - On ras gene function in yeast. AB - Saccharomyces cerevisiae contains two RAS genes, RAS1 and RAS2. An insertion mutation in RAS2 (ras2::LEU2) does not affect growth on glucose based media but it does prevent growth on media with pyruvate or other noncarbohydrate carbon sources. This defect is pH sensitive and is most severe at pH 7 and above. The ras2::LEU2 mutation also causes markedly higher levels of glycogen in the derepressed phase of growth after glucose exhaustion. Selection for restoration of growth on pyruvate yields unlinked suppressor mutations. Some of the suppressors also reduce glycogen as well as trehalose (the other reserve carbohydrate in yeast) to levels much lower than those of wild-type strains. These suppressor mutations do not suppress the lethality of ras1 ras2 double mutants. The results indirectly accord with yeast RAS2 governing a G protein activity of adenylate cyclase. PMID- 3895225 TI - Multimeric complement component C9 is necessary for killing of Escherichia coli J5 by terminal attack complex C5b-9. AB - We studied the molecular composition of the complement C5b-9 complex required for optimal killing of Escherichia coli strain J5. J5 cells were incubated in 3.3%, 6.6%, or 10.0% C8-deficient serum previously absorbed to remove specific antibody and lysozyme. This resulted in the stable deposition after washing of 310, 560, and 890 C5b67 molecules per colony-forming unit, respectively, as determined by binding of 125I-labeled C7. Organisms were then incubated with excess C8 and various amounts of 131I-labeled C9. Plots of the logarithm (base 10) of E. coli J5 cells killed (log kill) vs. C9 input were sigmoidal, confirming the multihit nature of the lethal process. When C9 was supplied in excess, 3300, 5700, and 9600 molecules of C9 were bound per organism for cells bearing 310, 560, and 890 C5b-8 complexes, respectively, leading to C9-to-C7 ratios of 11.0:1, 10.8:1, and 11.4:1 and to log kill values of 1.3, 2.1, and 3.9. However, at low inputs of C9 that lead to C9-to-C7 ratios of less than 3.3:1, no killing occurred, and this was independent of the number of C5b-9 complexes bound. Formation of multimeric C9 at C9-to-C7 ratios permissive for killing was confirmed by electron microscopy and by binding of 125I-labeled antibody with specificity for multimeric but not monomeric C9. These experiments are the first to demonstrate a biological function for C9 polymerization and suggest that multimeric C9 is necessary for optimal killing of E. coli J5 cells by C5b-9. PMID- 3895226 TI - Solubilization of a vectorial transmembrane receptor in functional form: aspartate receptor of chemotaxis. AB - The aspartate receptor, an integral membrane protein in the bacterial chemosensory system, has been solubilized in functional form by a combination of detergent, phospholipid, and glycerol. The conformation of the solubilized receptor is the same as that of the protein in vivo, as indicated by aspartate binding, rates of methyl esterification, and quantitative correlation of stimulus with this covalent modification. Studying the functional solubilized receptor in a homogeneous solution avoids many difficulties associated with an in vivo or a vesicle-reconstituted receptor. The technique of adding lipids, detergent, and glycerol to solubilize the protein in active form appears to be generally applicable. PMID- 3895227 TI - Arginine in the leader peptide is required for both import and proteolytic cleavage of a mitochondrial precursor. AB - Most mitochondrial proteins are encoded in the nucleus and translated in the cytoplasm as larger precursors containing NH2-terminal "leader" peptides, which are strikingly basic in overall amino acid composition. Recent experiments indicate that these leader peptides are both necessary and sufficient to direct post-translational recognition and import of precursors by mitochondria. In this report, we demonstrate a critical role for one or more of the basic arginine residues in the leader peptide of the subunit precursor for the human mitochondrial matrix enzyme, ornithine transcarbamoylase (ornithine carbamoyltransferase, carbamoylphosphate: L-ornithine carbamoyltransferase, EC 2.1.3.3). The distal three of four basic residues, all arginines, in the leader peptide of ornithine transcarbamoylase were replaced at once with charge-neutral glycine residues. The altered ornithine transcarbamoylase precursor failed to be taken up by intact mitochondria in vitro. Moreover, it also failed to be proteolytically cleaved upon incubation with a mitochondrial matrix fraction containing the Zn2+-dependent protease, which normally cleaves the leader peptide. PMID- 3895228 TI - Antitermination by both the promoter and the leader regions of an Escherichia coli ribosomal RNA operon. AB - RNA polymerase initiating at Escherichia coli ribosomal RNA promoter-leader regions can efficiently read through factor rho-dependent termination signals. Dissection of the promoter-leader region reveals that the ability to read through termination signals is conferred independently by both promoter and leader regions. Events in the leader also affect the transcription rate of structural genes downstream of the leader. When cells are grown in rich medium, the rrnC leader reduces transcription by a factor of approximately 4 when downstream of the rrnC promoters and by a factor of 2 when downstream of the lac promoter. PMID- 3895229 TI - Detection of a fundamental modular format common to transfer and ribosomal RNAs: second-order spectral analysis. AB - Second-order spectral analysis is used to detect rigorously and to characterize the principal periodicities in the positions of conserved sequences common to tRNAs and rRNAs. It is shown that the shared periodicity having the largest spectral amplitude is 9, followed by 8 and 10, thus forming a closed triad of significant multiplets centered at 9 bases. This conclusion is proposed to reflect a closed triadic set of fundamental tandem repeat lengths in a class of ancestral macromolecules possessing a restricted sequence symmetry. The terms "remanent" and "archeomodular" are used to describe a relic modular format, traces of which are shown here to persist despite the changes that have occurred in the primary structures of ribonucleic acids during the course of their evolution. PMID- 3895230 TI - Clathrin-immunoreactive sites in the Golgi apparatus are concentrated at the trans pole in polypeptide hormone-secreting cells. AB - By analogy with receptor-mediated endocytosis, clathrin-coated membrane segments at locations other than at the plasma membrane have been implicated in intracellular membrane transport/sorting. The crucial role of the Golgi apparatus in these processes prompted us to study the distribution at this level of clathrin-immunoreactive sites in various polypeptide hormone-secreting cells. With a polyclonal antibody recognizing the polymerized form of clathrin (structural coats or cages), we found that the Golgi area had the highest degree of specific labeling of various cytoplasmic regions, including the subplasmalemmal web. Moreover, the Golgi labeling was not homogeneously distributed, most of the immunoreactive sites being associated with membrane segments at the trans pole. The labeled membranes comprised regions of trans cisternae with and without condensing secretory material, newly formed (maturing) secretory granules freshly released from trans cisternae, and typical coated vesicles. The cis Golgi cisternae, as well as the cytoplasmic region containing transfer (shuttle) vesicles and transitional cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, were only weakly labeled. Clathrin concentration, degree of assembly of triskelions into coats, duration of clathrin association with membranes, or presence of a coat protein different from clathrin could account for the low immunoreactivity observed at the cis pole as compared to the trans pole. PMID- 3895231 TI - Microtubule-associated protein 1B: identification of a major component of the neuronal cytoskeleton. AB - The major nontubulin proteins in purified brain microtubules are high molecular weight species traditionally classified into two groups known as microtubule associated proteins 1 and 2 (MAP 1 and MAP 2). In an earlier study, we found that MAP 1 consisted of a complex of polypeptides and we characterized the highest molecular weight species--MAP 1A--with the use of a monoclonal antibody. In the current report, we describe four monoclonal antibodies raised against electrophoretically purified MAP 1B. All of the antibodies reacted exclusively with this protein. Together with peptide mapping, these results indicated that MAP 1B was structurally distinct from the other MAPs. Another distinctive property of MAP 1B was that most of it remained soluble during microtubule polymerization, resulting in an extreme underestimate of its abundance in the brain. Immunofluorescence microscopy of rat brain sections and cultured rat brain cells indicated that compared to MAP 1A and MAP 2, MAP 1B was particularly prominent in axonal as well as dendritic processes. Together, these data indicate that MAP 1B is a major, previously undescribed component of the neuronal cytoskeleton. PMID- 3895233 TI - Elimination of Salmonella typhimurium from the digestive tract by the flora of conventional chicken. PMID- 3895232 TI - Complement-dependent cellular cytotoxicity: lymphoblastoid lines that activate complement component 3 (C3) and express C3 receptors have increased sensitivity to lymphocyte-mediated lysis in the presence of fresh human serum. AB - Lymphocyte-mediated lysis of cells of the Raji, Daudi, Jijoye, and Bjab lines was elevated when fresh human serum was added to the assay. A higher proportion of effector-target conjugates was observed in the presence of human serum. In similar experiments lysis of 1301, Rael, and P3HR-1 cells was unaltered. All cell lines activated the alternative pathway of complement but they varied in the expression of receptors for complement component 3 (C3) and in the ability to fix the C3 cleavage products on their membrane. The enhancement of lysis in the presence of human serum occurred only with those cells that bound C3. This characteristic was correlated to the expression of C3 receptors. Analysis of the nature of the deposited C3 was performed with Raji cells. Raji cells exposed to human serum bound C3b as indicated by the immunoadherence test. The C3b was further processed to C3bi, because the immunoadherence declined with time and conjugate formation increased with Daudi cells, which carry the C3 receptors CR2 and CR3. This suggests that in the lytic assay lymphocytes with C3bi receptors are recruited in the presence of human serum. We assume that the bridge of C3 molecules between targets and effectors increases the avidity of their interaction. PMID- 3895234 TI - Influence of rotaviral diarrhea on some bacterial functions in the intestine of conventional mice. PMID- 3895235 TI - In vivo Escherichia coli K88 adhesion in gnotobiotic piglets: comparison between large white and Chinese piglets. PMID- 3895236 TI - A randomized trial of oral vancomycin in neutropenic patients. PMID- 3895237 TI - Influence of tetracycline on number and size of candidal lesions of the dorsal rat tongue. PMID- 3895238 TI - Production of tumor necrosis factor in germfree mice. PMID- 3895239 TI - Modulation of murine natural killer cells by Cryptococcus neoformans. PMID- 3895240 TI - Cinematographic studies on the phagocytic activity of granulocytes derived from gnotobiotic and conventional mice. PMID- 3895241 TI - Cellular and structural changes in the spleen of germfree mice in the primary immune response. PMID- 3895242 TI - Effect of an Escherichia coli strain on intestinal IgA plasmocyte stimulation and serum antibody response in gnotobiotic mice. PMID- 3895243 TI - Resistance to invasion by Escherichia coli. PMID- 3895244 TI - Susceptibility of congenitally immunodeficient mice to Cryptococcus neoformans. PMID- 3895245 TI - Gnotobiotics and human marrow transplantation. PMID- 3895246 TI - Selective or complete elimination of the endogenous flora during allogeneic bone marrow transplantation? PMID- 3895247 TI - The influence of the microbial flora on incidence of graft-versus-host disease in human allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. PMID- 3895248 TI - The influence of calcium leucovorin on the co-trimoxazole induced inhibition of leukocyte regeneration after bone marrow transplantation in mice. PMID- 3895249 TI - "Comparative analysis: 4% chlorhexidine gluconate versus 7.5% povidone-iodine surgical scrubs in bone marrow transplant recipients". PMID- 3895250 TI - Xenogeneic bone marrow chimerism in germfree rats. PMID- 3895251 TI - The present status of clinical applications of germfree technology. PMID- 3895252 TI - Increased prostacyclin metabolites and decreased red cell deformability in patients with systemic sclerosis and Raynaud's syndrome. PMID- 3895253 TI - LHRH and mating behavior: sexual receptivity versus sexual preference. AB - Sexual behavior and sexual preference measurements were obtained from ovariectomized female rats treated with estrogen, estrogen and progesterone, or estrogen followed by third ventricular infusion of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) or saline. The lordosis-to-mount ratio and the occurrence of receptive and proceptive behaviors were scored to assess total sexual receptivity. Sexual preference was determined by placing the test female in the center of a four-winged choice box apparatus in which each of the outer wings contained one of the following incentive animals: a sexually active male (SM), a castrate male (CM), a female in proestrus (PF), and an ovariectomized female (OF). Time spent in close proximity to the incentive animals was measured as an index of sexual preference. Estrogen and progesterone treatment resulted in high sexual receptivity and a marked preference for SM. Estrogen alone or in combination with saline also produced a significant preference for SM. Animals treated with estrogen and LHRH exhibited high levels of sexual receptivity compared to estrogen saline treated controls, but no enhancement of preference for SM was detected. The results indicate that fractionation of sexual receptivity and sexual motivation occurs following estrogen-LHRH treatment. PMID- 3895254 TI - Cardiovascular effects of single doses of the antidepressants amitriptyline and lofepramine in healthy subjects. AB - In a placebo-controlled double blind study, single oral doses of lofepramine (140 mg and 210 mg) and amitriptyline (100 mg and 150 mg) were given to 5 healthy volunteers. Heart rate, blood pressure, systolic time intervals, and electrical impedance cardiogram were recorded in supine and upright position for 8 hours after drug administration. In addition, plasma drug concentrations were measured simultaneously. Amitriptyline caused a more pronounced increase in heart rate, especially under orthostatic stress, than did lofepramine. Both drugs reduced total peripheral resistance; amitriptyline's effect was greater. A rise in blood pressure (supine position) and shortening of the electromechanical systole under lofepramine indicated an improvement of cardiac performance. In contrast amitriptyline, particularly, in the upright position, lowered blood pressure and lengthened electromechanical systole. Since both drugs have a comparable antidepressant activity, lofepramine is suggested to induce fewer untoward cardiovascular reactions than amitriptyline. PMID- 3895256 TI - Performance of a position-sensitive scintillation detector. AB - The spatial resolution of a NaI(T1), 25 mm thick bar detector designed for use in positron emission tomography has been studied. The position along the 500 mm long detector is determined from the centroid of the light distribution in the crystal as measured by a linear array of photomultiplier tubes. A Monte Carlo computer simulation was performed to investigate the factors limiting the spatial resolution. The program allowed us to study the effect of various phototube configurations and crystal surfaces. Since the resolution is affected by the width of the light distribution, we studied the effect of sharpening the distribution by modifying the front crystal surface with grooves cut perpendicular to the long axis of the crystal and by using non-linear preamplifiers. The simulation predicts a spatial resolution (FWHM) of 3 mm with this crystal. Experimental measurements of spatial resolution were performed concurrently with the simulations. In particular, a modified grooved crystal was measured to have 4.0 mm spatial resolution, an improvement over the original crystal without grooves. With delay line pulse shortening, which increases the count rate capability of the detector, the grooved crystal was measured to have 5.5 mm spatial resolution. PMID- 3895255 TI - Oxaprotiline in the treatment of endogenous depressed inpatients an early clinical trial. AB - Oxaprotiline (C 49/802 BA), a further development and structural analogue of maprotiline, is characterized by a very potent and extremely specific inhibitory effect on the re-uptake of norepinephrine. In an open early phase II study oxaprotiline was investigated in 10 inpatients with endogenous depression with regard to its antidepressive efficacy and occurrence of adverse effects. Oxaprotiline was given in a dosage up to 225 mg over a period of 28 days. 9 out of 10 patients completed the study, and, of these, 5 were found to be either very much improved or much improved. Standardized rating scales (HAMD, Bf-S, EWL-K) indicated significant improvement after 4 weeks of treatment. Except dry mouth, generally mild, there were no remarkable side effects; there was no influence of oxaprotiline on heart, cardiovascular and routine laboratory parameters. The results of this study indicate that oxaprotiline is an effective antidepressant without significant adverse effects. PMID- 3895257 TI - Isometric + isotonic = isoconfusion. PMID- 3895258 TI - Incandescent lamps can produce pyrimidine dimers in DNA. PMID- 3895260 TI - Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. Cumulative index, 1977 through 1983. PMID- 3895259 TI - Effects of sunlight on mammalian cells. PMID- 3895261 TI - Injuries causing major loss of scalp. AB - Long hair worn by both sexes in a majority of the rural population of Punjab (India) increases the hazard of descalping injuries. Forty-six cases seen over a period of 10 years are reported. Agricultural machinery accounted for 83 percent of these injuries. Males were most commonly involved (63 percent), and 48 percent of the patients were minors. Nearly all cases reported had at least half the scalp avulsed, 56.5 percent being total scalp avulsions, with bare bone exposed in 48 percent of the total. The method of chiseling the outer portion of the exposed bone down to bleeding points and immediately applying a split-thickness skin graft is presented as the procedure of choice for wound closure. This reduced the average hospitalization period by 49 percent as compared with older methods. Follow-up of 67 percent of patients has revealed a surprising instability of the grafted skin, with an ultimate danger of malignant degeneration. PMID- 3895262 TI - Versatility and safety of flap coverage for wide excision of cutaneous melanomas. AB - This study is a retrospective analysis of a consecutive series of 85 patients with primary melanomas of the trunk (51 patients) and extremities (34 patients) treated by wide excision and flap repair. Both the standard rhombic flap (39 cases) and the double-Z rhomboid flap (46 cases) were used. Postoperative follow up was 11 to 49 months, with a mean of 20 months. Major postoperative flap necrosis was encountered in one case (1.1 percent). There were no local recurrences and only one instance of intransit metastasis. As compared with skin grafts, flap repairs were found to be free of the classic contour defect. In this series, flap repair also permitted earlier mobilization and resulted in shorter hospital stays. PMID- 3895264 TI - Grafts to the nose. PMID- 3895263 TI - The potential use of cyclosporine in reconstructive surgery. AB - Cyclosporine, the first of a new generation of selective immunosuppressive agents, has already proved to be of exceptional value in human organ transplantation; however, its role in human reconstructive surgery remains to be established. The possibility that short-term treatment could be sufficient for indefinite survival of bone, muscle, nerve, and vein allografts is attractive and might provoke changes in prevailing attitudes regarding the use of allogenous tissues in reconstructive procedures. Cyclosporine may start a new line of immunosuppressive agents with more potent therapeutic effect and less potential toxicity. This new generation of drugs, together with the experience in tissue transfer amassed by plastic surgeons during the last decade, may eventually result in unprecedented possibilities in surgical reconstruction. PMID- 3895265 TI - [The fate of psychiatry at the time of the fascist dictatorship. On the 40th anniversary of liberation and in memory of the victims of a science that became destructive]. AB - On the occasion of the 40th anniversary of the liberation of Germany from the fascist dictatorship, a survey is presented on the hitherto existing investigations into the various forms of the abuse of psychiatry for the purposes of the fascist system. The paper deals with forced sterilization, the murders of children and of adult mental patients and with the attempted legalization of so called "active euthanasie". The causes of this development are discussed and the ethical consequences for the present. PMID- 3895266 TI - Depression and marriage. PMID- 3895267 TI - Interfaces between adult and child psychiatry. PMID- 3895268 TI - Psychophysiological indices of adolescent schizophrenia--a preliminary report. PMID- 3895269 TI - Relationship between adult alcoholism and childhood behavior disorders. PMID- 3895270 TI - Baseline data for an epidemiologic study of the psychiatric adult outpatient clinics population served by the department of psychiatry of a university teaching general hospital. PMID- 3895271 TI - Regression in the hospital large group: therapeutic implications. PMID- 3895272 TI - Disulfiram and hepatotoxicity. PMID- 3895273 TI - Food dreams and illness among Nigerians--a pilot study. PMID- 3895274 TI - New chronic patients in the emergency service. PMID- 3895275 TI - Neglected classics: Waelder's "Problem of the genesis of psychical conflict in earliest infancy". PMID- 3895276 TI - Suicides by opium and its derivatives, in England and Wales, 1850-1950. AB - In the mid-nineteenth century opium and its derivatives, such as laudanum and morphine, were the most common poisons in suicides in England and Wales. With legislative restrictions on these 'dangerous drugs' such a use declined. This study attempts to show this trend and indicates the large variety of these opium related suicides. PMID- 3895277 TI - Endocrine and cardiovascular responses during phobic anxiety. AB - In vivo exposure therapy for phobias is uniquely suited for controlled studies of endocrine and physiologic responses during psychologic stress. In this study, exposure therapy induced significant increases in subjective anxiety, pulse, blood pressure, plasma norepinephrine, epinephrine, insulin, cortisol, and growth hormone, but did not change plasma glucagon or pancreatic polypeptide. Although the subjective and behavioral manifestations of anxiety were consistent and intense, the magnitude, consistency, timing, and concordance of endocrine and cardiovascular responses showed considerable variation. PMID- 3895278 TI - Motor vehicle accidents related to psychiatric impairment. PMID- 3895279 TI - Psychosomatic medicine: its past and present. PMID- 3895280 TI - [The theory of evolution in German-speaking areas. Scientific, epistemological and historical interpretations of the last 10 years]. PMID- 3895281 TI - A conceptual ambiguity that contributed to the neglect of Mendel's paper. PMID- 3895282 TI - [Pasteur and fowl cholera: critical review of a historical account]. PMID- 3895283 TI - The territorial defense hypothesis and the ecology of insular vertebrates. AB - Insular lizards, birds, and mammals in high-density populations often exhibit reduced situation-specific aggression toward conspecifics. This aggressive behavior can be expressed in the form of (1) reduced territory sizes, (2) increased territory overlap with neighbors, (3) acceptance of subordinates on the territory, (4) reduced aggressiveness to certain classes of conspecifics, or (5) abandonment of territorial defense. These behavioral traits can be explained by two nonexclusive hypotheses. The resource hypothesis suggests that territorial behavior is primarily adjusted to resource densities, and that resources are more abundant on islands than on the mainland (e.g., because of a lack of competing species). The defense hypothesis suggests that, in addition to any effects of resources, the costs of defense against both territorial intruders and contenders for vacant territories are higher on islands. Recent theoretical and empirical studies indicate that these behavioral changes can occur as a result of elevated defense costs, independent of resource densities. Reduced predation, more benign climates, and an absence of habitat sinks on islands would all tend to increase the density of potential intruders and contenders, and hence the costs of defense for owners of insular territories. The two hypotheses differ in their predictions about the rates of biomass production (growth or reproduction) for holders of insular territories. Reproductive and growth data from insular-mainland pairs indicate the importance of elevated defense costs, and also suggest that many insular vertebrates reallocate their breeding resources so as to produce young that are more competitive. The suite of ecological and behavioral traits exhibited by insular territorial vertebrates can best be explained by three factors operating in concert: higher available resource densities, higher defense costs, and (sometimes) a reallocation of resources to produce young that are more competitive. PMID- 3895284 TI - [Effect of whole-body gamma irradiation on the ultrastructure of the respiratory cells of the lungs]. AB - Edema developed in the respiratory and endothelial cells cytoplasm after whole body gamma-irradiation. In the cytoplasm of granular cells, the osmiophilic substance level decreased and giant laminar bodies periodically formed reducing the respiratory and endothelial cells edema. Collagen fibres actively grew in the interstice and capillary lumens. PMID- 3895285 TI - [Early changes in GABA and glutamate levels and aminotransferase activity in parts of the rat brain following whole-body gamma irradiation at an absolutely lethal dose]. AB - The contents of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate (GL) as well as GABA aspartate- and alanine aminotransferase activities were measured in rat cerebellum, cerebral cortex and truncus cerebri 1, 3, 6, 24 and 48 hr following total-body gamma-irradiation (60Co) with a dose of 30 Gy. All the indices under study changed in a similar way in the cortex and truncus cerebri while in the cerebellum, GABA level increased and GABA-alpha-ketoglutarate aminotransfearse activity decreased 60 min after irradiation. The levels of GABA and GL in the cortex and truncus cerebri decreased immediately and increased 24 hr after irradiation. Activity of aminotransferases changed in a phase manner: changes in aspartate- and alanine aminotransferase activity were more pronounced than those of GABA-alpha-ketoglutarate aminotransferase activity and correlated with the glutamate level changes. PMID- 3895286 TI - [Effect of branched-chain amino acids on the irradiated body]. AB - The administration to rats of amino acids (valine, leucine, and isoleucine) for 10 days after whole-body X-irradiation with a dose of 7 Gy increased the survival rate and average life of animals and normalized some carbohydrate and nitrogen metabolism indexes. The insulin-like effect of these amino acids on glucose absorption by phrenic muscles of the exposed rats was detected. PMID- 3895288 TI - [Roentgen stereoscopy]. PMID- 3895287 TI - [Effect of gamma irradiation on brain enkephalin hydrolase activity in the rat]. AB - A study was made of the effect of different radiation doses on the brain enzymes degrading enkephalins. Enkephalin aminopeptidase activity decreased during the first 60 min following irradiation with a dose of 774 X 10(-4) C/kg and increased after a dose of 3096 X X 10(-4) C/kg; enkephalinase A exhibited opposite changes. 48 hr after irradiation, enkephalin aminopeptidase activity exceeded the normal level, and no significant changes occurred in encephaliase A activity irrespective of the radiation dose. PMID- 3895289 TI - [Systematic and local reactions during phlebography of the leg with special reference to postphlebographic complications. Randomized, prospective, intraindividual double-blind study of iopamidol and ioxithalamate (250 mg I/ml) using the 125I-fibrinogen test: II]. AB - The rate of positive 125I-fibrinogen accumulations after typical ascending phlebography was significantly less (9/40 = 23%) with iopamidol compared with ioxithalamate (16/40 = 40%). The iodine content of the contrast media used in this intraindividual study (40 patients) was 250 mg/ml. With the 125I-fibrinogen uptake accepted as a method of reference, the clinically observed postphlebographic symptoms of thrombophlebitis were false positive in 1/6 and false negative in 3/4 of the cases. These incidences were registered for both contrast media. With the lowered iodine content (250 mg/ml), too, pain reactions were seen in approx. 50% during the injection of the ionic agent, but in none of the cases using the non-ionic agent. Not one of the commercial contrast media can be regarded as "ideal" at this time. Nevertheless, it can be concluded, that non ionic contrast media with iodine content of 250 mg/ml are highly effective in preventing acute and delayed reactions. Moreover, this concentration seems to be adequate for optimal imaging in phlebography. PMID- 3895290 TI - [Sonographic determination of spinal canal width. Comparison of computed tomography, myelography and conventional roentgen study of the lumbar spine]. AB - Sonographic evaluation of the width of the spinal canal is inferior compared to CT or myelography, concerning accuracy and especially quantity of information received. The advantage of sonography is the lacking of X-ray exposure, the non invasive procedure and the low cost of apparatus and operational time. For these reasons sonography is favoured as a screening method in detecting spinal canal stenosis in a group whose handicap was largely occupational or sport-related. PMID- 3895291 TI - Focal nodular hyperplasia and hepatic adenoma: comparison of angiography, CT, US, and scintigraphy. AB - The authors reviewed 23 cases of focal nodular hyperplasia and 13 cases of hepatic adenoma, all of which were confirmed pathologically. All solitary masses that exhibited normal or increased uptake of technetium 99m-sulfur colloid were shown to be hyperplasia; while previous criteria such as a central blood supply on angiograms or a central scar on computed tomography (CT) or ultrasound (US) scans were helpful, they were relatively infrequent. A mass that was slightly hypodense and homogeneous on a CT or US scan and highly vascular with an intense capillary stain on an angiogram was almost always hyperplasia. Acute hemorrhage within a focal hepatic tumor was common in adenoma but did not occur in hyperplasia. PMID- 3895292 TI - Choroidal melanoma: comparison of CT, fundoscopy, and US. AB - Computed tomography (CT) was compared with fundoscopy and ultrasound (US) in 62 patients with primary choroidal melanoma. All lesions were detected with CT and fundoscopy and all but one with US. Of five cases of extrascleral extension, four were identified with CT and fundoscopy and two with US. CT best depicted the extent of retrobulbar tumor. Tumor thickness was best evaluated with CT, with good correlation between CT and US. Tumor enhancement was noted in all 51 patients who had both noncontrast and contrast CT. Because of its higher density, tumor could be distinguished from retinal detachment on CT scans in most cases. PMID- 3895293 TI - Breast mass detection by US: a phantom study. AB - Phantoms were used to compare imaging of various masses in the glandular region for two types of breasts. In one type, normal glandular tissue contains no fat clumps; in the other type, randomly distributed spherical fat clumps exist. The size distribution and number of fat clumps per unit volume in the phantoms represented those found in actual normal glandular tissue. For a 5-cm path length between the scanning window of the phantom and the centers of the masses, the presence of the fat clumps caused distortions and deviations of the beam, resulting in image distortion. This degradation was reduced when successive slabs of the material containing the fat clumps were removed. Image degradation appeared to be less severe when a 2.25 (rather than a 3.5) MHz transducer was used. The results show that the thickness of tissue containing fat clumps between the scanning transducer and a mass plays a role in the detectability of masses and diagnostic usefulness of the image of a breast. This suggests that imaging of the breast in the compressed configuration should be performed regardless of whether the freely suspended breast is imaged. Also, transducers of lower nominal frequency may have an important role in breast imaging. PMID- 3895294 TI - Cystic dysplasia of the testis: sonographic and pathologic findings. AB - Sonographic and laboratory findings are presented for a case of left-scrotum testicular cysts in a 30-year-old man. Previously reported cases of this rare congenital malformation have occurred in infants and young boys. The patient showed previous evidence of the cyst at age 13. Sonographic images correlated well with previously published gross and microscopic descriptions. PMID- 3895295 TI - Digital subtraction angiography systems: assessing performance with phantoms. AB - A solid, acrylic phantom was developed to assess the iodine perceptibility of three digital subtraction angiography (DSA) systems, including one using a recursive filter technique. Three phantoms, designed to mimic flow of iodinated boluses through blood vessels, were used. Each contained four triangular boluses of different widths and of a specific iodine concentration. Motion, required to test recursively filtered DSA systems, was simulated by placing the phantoms on a motorized cart. The phantoms were also used to test flow curve generation in applicable systems. Intersystem differences in perceptibility were attributed to differences in system noise, system resolution, and dynamic range. Flow curves produced with the phantoms were similar to those obtained in patient studies. PMID- 3895296 TI - Eugene P. Pendergrass New Horizons for Radiologists Lecture. PMID- 3895298 TI - Insertion of genes into retrovirus genomes and of retrovirus DNA into cell genomes. PMID- 3895297 TI - Structure and mechanisms of activation of c-K-ras oncogenes in human lung cancer. PMID- 3895299 TI - Genes and chromosomes in human cancer. PMID- 3895300 TI - Oncogenes in human cancers and in chemically induced animal tumors. PMID- 3895301 TI - [Cancer metastasis and polyamines]. PMID- 3895303 TI - [Histone genes--structure and regulation of transcription]. PMID- 3895302 TI - [Molecular genetics of meiosis]. PMID- 3895304 TI - [Social psychology of the reception of literature. Schiller 1859 in Germany: the poet as leader and savior]. PMID- 3895305 TI - Self-report and psychophysiological effects of Lamaze preparation: an analogue of labor pain. AB - Eighty nulliparous college female undergraduates were cast randomly into a series of eight treatment conditions representing all possible combinations of the three major components of the Lamaze method of childbirth preparation (relaxation training, informative lectures, and breathing exercises). Assessments of the efficacy of these pain coping strategies were subsequently made in the context of a 1-hour session involving twenty 80-second exposures to a laboratory pain stimulus, patterned so as to resemble labor contractions. Dependent variables included self-reported pain, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, frontalis EMG, and heart rate. Results of the study indicated that relaxation training comprises the most therapeutically active component of the Lamaze treatment regimen, with significant effects (treatments X trials) on self-reported pain, frontalis EMG, and heart rate. The implications of these findings are discussed from the perspective of designing new, and hopefully more efficacious, methods of preparing women for labor and delivery. PMID- 3895306 TI - From DNA to NDA--the impact of recombinant DNA technology on new drug development. AB - Man's long-standing efforts to alter living things through genetic manipulation have become reality. Recent advances in recombinant DNA technology have the potential to alter the drug-development process profoundly. The pharmaceutical industry has had to adjust its research efforts and develop new state-of-the-art laboratories. In addition to the standard biological and in vivo assays, many new tests are required, e.g., amino acid sequencing, high-pressure liquid chromatography, and radioimmunoassays. Academic researchers have played a vital role in developing the new biotechnology, supplying most of the basic scientific knowledge and the initial supply of the scientific work force. The recent shifting of support for scientific training from the government to the pharmaceutical industry has resulted in unprecedented academe-industry relationships. Universities now stand to profit significantly from patent rights resulting from biotechnology research efforts. While the advances in biotechnology have had considerable impact on the pharmaceutical industry and academia, they have thus far had only a minor impact on the regulatory process. To date, the preferred regulatory path appears to be modification of existing procedures through the issuance of guidelines, which can be updated as knowledge increases. PMID- 3895307 TI - [Characteristics of the nosocomial infections in patients hospitalized in July, 1982, in the Hospital Jose D. de Obladia]. PMID- 3895308 TI - [Initial isolation of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis in Panama]. PMID- 3895309 TI - [The approach to Achilles tendinopathies in athletes. Echographic aspects]. AB - The recent great diffusion of sports has significantly increased the traumatic pathology of Achilles tendon. Owing to the importance of a correct diagnosis and prognosis and of an adequate therapy (especially for professionals), a clinical and radiological study has been performed. Echotomography has been associated with xeroradiography in 185 athletes with painful symptoms; among these 79 were normal while 106 showed various types of tendinopathies. The main results can be summarized; peritendinitis: non uniform thickening; hyperechogenicity of Kager's triangle; insertional tendinopathies: thickening; calcifications; tendinosis: thickening; degeneration nodules; tendinous ruptures: rough contours of the rupture; degeneration nodules. The good echotomographic results allowed a correct diagnosis in about 85% of the 39 surgically treated patients. PMID- 3895310 TI - [Echotomography in the study of the pathology of Achilles tendon]. AB - Achilles tendon was evaluated by B scan ultrasound in 54 cases (20 normal and 34 symptomatic subjects). The ultrasonographic features of tendon's diseases were correlated with the anatomical patterns. On the basis on their experience, the authors concluded that ultrasonography is a simple and highly accurate method for the diagnosis of Achilles tendon diseases and that it should be the initial imaging procedure. PMID- 3895311 TI - [Gold]. PMID- 3895312 TI - [Trigeminal neuralgia. Treatment]. PMID- 3895313 TI - [Catabolism of lipoproteins]. PMID- 3895314 TI - [Changes in carbohydrate metabolism in Klinefelter's syndrome]. PMID- 3895315 TI - [Application of the modified indirect immunofluorescence technic (IFI) in the diagnosis of human hydatidosis]. PMID- 3895316 TI - [Kidney failure patients undergoing hemodialysis with aluminum poisoning after renal transplantation: electro-clinical aspects]. AB - A renal transplantation was performed on 6 dialysis patients using high concentration aluminum water. The post-graft course in 3 patients led to the appearance of worsening or neurological symptoms, with associated deterioration on the EEG. In 3 other patients there was progressive improvement in clinical signs, though with long-term persistance of electrical abnormalities in 1 case. These 6 cases are compared with 10 dialysis patients without aluminum intoxication who underwent renal transplantation in the same conditions. These results are then analyzed with reference to those already published in the literature. Three factors (length of exposure, water aluminum concentration and seizure disorder) seem significant to the prognosis of renal transplantation in patients with aluminum intoxication. PMID- 3895317 TI - [Spontaneous choledocoduodenostomy caused by lithiasis of hydatid origin in hepatic hydatidosis with massive invasion of the bile ducts]. PMID- 3895318 TI - [Echographic manifestations of portal thrombosis; apropos of 7 cases]. PMID- 3895320 TI - [Pancreatic pseudocysts. Personal experience: 15 cases]. PMID- 3895319 TI - [Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in the diagnosis of carcinomas of Vater's ampulla (ampulloma)]. PMID- 3895321 TI - [Conservative surgery of the spleen. Apropos of 6 cases]. PMID- 3895323 TI - [The French Language Pneumology Society. List of members (1985)]. PMID- 3895322 TI - [Migration to the duodenum of a prosthesis used for a mesenterico-caval shunt]. PMID- 3895324 TI - [Aneurysms of the abdominal aorta: when and why echography?]. PMID- 3895325 TI - [New findings on the mechanisms of secretion of glucagon]. PMID- 3895326 TI - [Hyperuricemia and essential arterial hypertension]. PMID- 3895327 TI - [Polymyalgia rheumatica]. PMID- 3895328 TI - Renal adaptation to additional nephrons: a functional study in the three-kidney rat. AB - Renal functional adaptation to additional nephrons was studied in rats in which a third kidney was transplanted isogeneically. Total renal function did not increase when an extra kidney was added. Quantitation of the contribution of each kidney, by means of a 99mTc-DTPA scan, showed that the glomerular filtration rate of the native kidneys had decreased to counterbalance the added function. The glomerular filtration rate of the transplanted kidneys as well as its number of glomeruli were 20% less than that of the intact native kidneys. The present findings once again illustrate the kidney's remarkable capacity for functional adaptation to a change in the total number of nephrons. PMID- 3895329 TI - Participation of prostaglandin and adrenergic nervous system in renin release induced by changes in renal arterial pressure in rats. AB - The response of plasma renin activity (PRA) to stepwise reductions in renal arterial pressure (RAP) induced by suprarenal aortic constriction (SAC) or hydralazine (0.1-30 mg/kg i.v.), and the effect of indomethacin (5 mg/kg i.v.) or propranolol (1.5 mg/kg) s.c.) on the PRA response were examined in anesthetized rats whose right kidneys had been removed 6-7 days earlier. The stepwise reduction of RAP by SAC or hydralazine produced a steep increase in PRA when RAP was below approximately 100 mm Hg. Above this level, PRA was unaffected by changes in RAP. The SAC-induced increase in PRA was nearly abolished by indomethacin. On the other hand, propranolol failed to affect the SAC-induced increase in PRA. The hydralazine-induced renin release was remarkably suppressed by either indomethacin Or propranolol. These results suggest that SAC-induced renin release is mainly dependent on the prostaglandin system, whereas hydralazine-induced renin release is dependent on the prostaglandin and the adrenergic nervous system. We estimated the threshold pressure for increasing renin release is approximately 100 mm Hg. PMID- 3895330 TI - Beneficial effects of long-term prostaglandin E2 infusion on the course of postischemic acute renal failure. Long-term studies in chronically instrumented conscious dogs. AB - The effect of a continuous intra-aortal infusion of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) (0.03 microgram . min-1 . kg-1) on the course of postischemic renal failure (180 min cessation of blood flow by inflation of a pneumatic cuff) has been investigated in 11 conscious sodium-replete dogs. The glomerular filtration rate (51Cr-EDTA: endogenous creatinine clearance) was less decreased in the PGE2 group (group B, n = 6) than in the control group (group A, n = 5; 13 ml . min-1 vs. 22 ml . min-1; p less than 0.05). Renal blood flow (electromagnetic flow probe) was markedly lower in the control group (82 ml . min-1) than in the PGE2 group (130 ml . min 1; p less than 0.05), even exceeding baseline levels in the latter group. Accordingly, the excessive rise in renal vascular resistance in the control group (+277%) was abolished in the PGE2 group (-20%) (p less than 0.05). Nitrogen retention was also markedly improved. Plasma renin activity, which was markedly raised initially (25.8 ng angiotensin I . ml-1 . h-1) was not significantly further increased during the subsequent 7 days. Urinary excretion of PGE2 was diminished in the control group and elevated following PGE2 infusion. It is suggested that the beneficial effects of PGE2 are mediated by preservation of renal perfusion. Additional effects of prostanoids on the ultrafiltration coefficient (KF) and cytoprotection by reduction of intracellular calcium accumulation must also be taken into consideration. PMID- 3895331 TI - Enhancement of renal prostaglandin E2 and renin release by autoregulatory dilation of preglomerular vessels in dogs. AB - To examine the PGE2 and renin release during autoregulatory dilation of preglomerular vessels, experiments were performed in three groups of anesthetized dogs. By reducing the arterial perfusion pressure from 113 +/- 3 to 78 +/- 3 mm Hg, renin release rose to 20 +/- 50% and PGE2 release to 74 +/- 12% of the maximal values attained at two perfusion pressures below the range of autoregulation. During ureteral occlusion, PGE2 and renin release rose to maximal values already at control blood pressure and remained unaltered as the arterial perfusion pressure was reduced from 124 +/- 7 to 68 +/- 2 mm Hg. Renal blood flow fell in proportion to the perfusion pressure indicating abolished autoregulation. At a perfusion pressure below the range of autoregulation, saline infusion restored sodium excretion and reduced renin release but did not alter PGE2 release. We conclude that PGE2 release is raised by autoregulatory dilation of preglomerular arteries. Prostaglandins enhance renin release when afferent arterioles are dilated. Renin release mediated by a macula densa mechanism is not PGE2 dependent. PMID- 3895332 TI - Positron emission tomography with 15oxygen radiopharmaceuticals. PMID- 3895333 TI - Metabolic mapping of higher-order visual areas in the monkey. PMID- 3895334 TI - Measurement of regional cerebral blood flow in humans with single-photon-emitting radioisotopes. PMID- 3895335 TI - Impaired liver clearance of bacteria in rats with chronic biliary obstruction. AB - 125I-labeled E. coli was injected into the biliary tree of normal rats and rats with 3 weeks' obstruction of the common bile duct to investigate the liver clearance capacity for bacteria. Bile was collected during 15 min, immediately, 1 h, 4 h, or 24 h after the injection. Tissue specimens from the liver, lungs, spleen and kidneys, and blood and urine specimens were collected simultaneously. In normal rats, 40% of the bacteria was recovered in the bile immediately after the injection, whereas 30% was already trapped in the liver. Incubation of the bacteria in the bile duct for 1h, 4h, and 24h resulted in liver retentions of 43%, 15%, and 4%, respectively. The recovery in the bile was 13% after 1-h incubation, and further prolongation of the incubation did not result in a significant decrease. In contrast to these findings, 70% of the injected bacteria was retained in the biliary tree in rats with chronic biliary obstruction (P less than 0.05) as compared to normal rats) and only 1% was trapped in the liver (P less than 0.005) 15 min after injection. One-hour incubation of bacteria in the bile duct decreased the retention in the bile to 30%, but the retention in the liver increased only slightly in these animals. Four and 24 h after injection less than 30% of the bacteria was retained in the hepato-biliary system. Most of these animals showed almost no radioactivity exceeding the background count in the blood, urine, spleen, lungs, and kidneys 15 min after injection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3895336 TI - Captopril-induced changes on active and inactive renin in a patient with factor XII congenital deficiency. AB - A linkage between prorenin, renin, and intrinsic coagulation systems has been suggested recently. We studied the behavior of renin, prorenin, and kallikrein in a patient affected by congenital factor XII deficiency. Captopril test, upright posture, and furosemide administration provoked in our patients changes of renin and prorenin similar to those found in normal and hypertensive subjects. Unchanged kallikrein levels confirmed that no interaction between prorenin activation and factor XII-kallikrein system appears to be present. PMID- 3895337 TI - Immune regulatory effect of hepatic factor associated with thymus alteration. AB - This study was carried out to clarify the mechanism of the immune regulatory effect of factors which were liberated from the ischemic damaged liver. By occlusion of the hepatic vessels (hepatic artery and portal vein) for 40 min daily during 5 days to induce the ischemic damage of the liver, reduced thymus weight (50 +/- 5 mg; control, 274 +/- 23 mg) and cell count (0.7 +/- 0.3 X 10(7); control, 3.5 +/- 0.3 X 10(8] and complete differentiation of thymocytes were observed, i.e., helper cells reacting to monoclonal antibody W3/25 were 34 +/- 8% and suppressor/cytotoxic cells to OX-8, 49 +/- 5% (in control W3/25:89 +/- 1%, OX 8:89 +/- 1%). These quantitative and qualitative changes of thymocytes were correspondent to those of animals treated with 40 mg CsA/kg per day for 5 days; however, medication with 10 mg prednisolone/day 5 times could not induce any alteration of thymocyte subpopulation (W3/25:89 +/- 1%, OX-8:87 +/- 1%) although the weight and cell count decreased to 92 +/- 8 mg and 4.1 +/- 0.6 X 10(7), respectively. Furthermore, 5 days after liver allotransplantation (BDE to LEW), the weight and cell count of the thymus were extremely reduced (58 +/- 6 mg, 2.7 +/- 0.2 X 10(7], and thymocyte differentiation was observed (W3/25:56.6%, OX-8:61 +/- 11%). On the other hand, in heart transplantation the atrophy of the thymus was not so strong (105 +/- 28 mg, 1.3 +/- 0.6 X 10(8], and there was no change in the subpopulation (W3/25:89 +/- 2%, OX-8:88 +/- 1%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3895338 TI - Histological changes in rat bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue after administration of five different antigens. AB - Histological changes in bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) following single intratracheal administration of five different antigens were studied in the rat. After administration of T-dependent antigens (i.e., horseradish peroxidase, bovine serum albumin, and Bacillus Calmette Guerin) only minor changes in BALT in the rat occurred. Intratracheal administration of a T independent antigen (lipopolysaccharide) and a partly T-independent antigen (paratyphoid vaccine) resulted after 1 week in an increase in cytoplasmic IgM containing (cIgM) blast cells and plasma cells; these appeared to enter via the high endothelial venules (HEV). After 6 weeks, germinal centers were seen. PMID- 3895339 TI - [External gamma-ray counting method for alveolar septal permeability]. PMID- 3895340 TI - Breast cancer: screening, detection, and diagnosis. PMID- 3895341 TI - Treatment allocation methods in clinical trials: a review. AB - A comprehensive review of methods for allocation of treatments to patients in clinical trials is presented. Attention is restricted to controlled, prospective trials, as opposed to comparisons involving historical or other 'external' controls. We describe the features of each method and classify them according to whether their primary focus is randomization, efficiency, or balance with respect to prognostic factors. Methods which prevent bias, ensure an efficient treatment comparison and are simple to implement will contribute to the ability of clinical trials to provide precise and valid treatment comparisons. We assess critically the extent to which the methods achieve these goals, review the relationships of the allocation methods with subsequent analyses of the trial results, discuss current usage and provide guidelines for choice of method. PMID- 3895342 TI - [Use of monoclonal antibodies in the surveillance and treatment of renal allograft recipients]. PMID- 3895343 TI - [Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma]. PMID- 3895344 TI - [Evolution of imaging technics in the diagnosis of diseases of the digestive system and adnexal glands]. PMID- 3895345 TI - [The diagnosis of abnormalities in the 1st trimester of pregnancy]. PMID- 3895346 TI - [Thyroiditis]. PMID- 3895347 TI - [Epilepsy in the mid 19th century: Theodore Herpin (1799-1865)]. PMID- 3895348 TI - Margination and emigration of leucocytes. AB - A recurrent conclusion of studies on margination and emigration of leucocytes into acute inflammatory lesions has been that these two processes are the result of different stimuli. The recent description of tachyphylaxis of skin lesions to neutrophil chemotaxins is compared with the purported regulation of acute inflammation by deactivation of neutrophils, inactivation of chemotaxins and inhibition of cell migration. It is concluded that tachyphylaxis might regulate the intensity of the peak neutrophil influx whereas chemotaxin inactivators and migration inhibition factors might regulate the subsequent low grade neutrophil influx into lesions. It is suggested that the chemotaxin receptors which manifest tachyphylaxis may be located on endothelial cells of post-capillary venules. The literature indicates that an alteration in endothelium provides a sufficient stimulus for margination to occur. It is emphasised that attention should be directed towards determining the minimal changes in endothelium necessary to permit or induce margination to proceed. Emigration of marginated neutrophils might then occur in response to chemotaxin diffusing to the vessel wall or by locomotion along a gradient of substratum-bound chemotaxin. The selectivity of the leucocyte infiltration of tissues that occurs in some types of inflammation could be exerted by the stimulus for margination or the stimulus for emigration. It is noted that selective margination of lymphocytes occurs in post-capillary venules of lymphoid tissues. The role of a lymphocyte chemotaxin as the stimulus for emigration in this location is unknown. To encompass the known phenomena, a general theory of leucocyte margination and emigration would predict that leucocytes selectively marginate onto acceptor molecules expressed by endothelium and extravasate in response to a chemotactic stimulus. Endothelium-bound chemotaxins may function as acceptor molecules. A bipartisan model of leucocyte migration to extravascular locations is proposed which contends that leucocyte can be recruited non-specifically as inflammatory cells or they can be recruited specifically as effector cells of immune reactions. It is suggested that tachyphylaxis is a characteristic of inflammatory cell recruitment but not of immunologically driven cell recruitment. The binding of chemotaxins to endothelial cells in vivo, the selectivity of margination, the status of margination in desensitised tissues and the role of chemotaxins in lymphocyte recirculation through lymph nodes are identified as critical questions to resolve the mechanisms of leucocyte margination and emigration. PMID- 3895349 TI - Mechanism of cell-mediated cytolysis by natural killer cells. PMID- 3895350 TI - Autologous bone marrow transplantation in acute leukemia. PMID- 3895351 TI - Pharmacokinetics and safety of antimicrobial agents during pregnancy. AB - The use of antimicrobial agents during pregnancy poses unique concerns because of both potential toxicity and special pharmacokinetic considerations that have important therapeutic implications for both mother and fetus. Various physiologic adaptations occur with advancing gestation, including marked increases in maternal intravascular volume, glomerular filtration, and hepatic and metabolic activities; thinning and maturation of the fetomaternal membrane; and increases in transplacental diffusion capacity. The net result is that maternal antimicrobial concentrations tend to be 10%-50% lower in late pregnancy and the immediate postpartum period than in the nonpregnant state. Placental transfer of antimicrobial agents and their excretion in amniotic fluid or breast milk are similarly affected by hemodynamic changes, membrane transport characteristics, and maturation or metabolic activity of the specific organs involved. Review of the literature suggests that, although the need for caution in the use of antimicrobial agents during pregnancy has been well emphasized, firm data on the pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and optimal use of these drugs in this situation are extremely sparse and urgently needed. However, recommendations regarding the use of specific antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and antiparasitic agents against selected infections during pregnancy can be made. PMID- 3895352 TI - Efficacy of diethylcarbamazine in eradicating infection with lymphatic-dwelling filariae in humans. AB - Diethylcarbamazine (DEC) is an effective microfilaricidal drug against Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, and Brugia timori--the three lymphatic-dwelling filariae infecting humans. However, effectiveness in killing the adult stage of these parasites has been more difficult to establish. The present review of available evidence from the literature suggests that: (1) in addition to being a microfilaricidal agent, DEC in conventional dosages effectively kills adult worms of these three parasites in many patients; (2) relatively high total dosages of DEC (including dosages considerably in excess of those currently recommended) generally give better long-term therapeutic results than lower dosages; (3) spaced doses of DEC (weekly or monthly) are more effective than the same total dosage given in consecutive daily doses; (4) chronic administration of low-dose DEC, as in medicated salt, can effectively control filariasis caused by W. bancrofti or B. malayi; and (5) rational determination of the DEC regimen ideal for the killing of adult filarial parasites awaits the development of assays capable of sensitively detecting the presence of living adult parasites. PMID- 3895353 TI - Antibiotic tolerance among clinical isolates of bacteria. PMID- 3895354 TI - Neutrophil killing of bacteria by oxygen-independent mechanisms: a historical summary. AB - The historical development of the concept of neutrophil killing of bacteria by oxygen-independent mechanisms is traced. The role of oxygen-independent microbicidal mechanisms in relationship to neutrophil management of microbes is critically evaluated. In the ultrastructural sense, oxygen-independent killing of bacteria requires the deposition of a bactericidal component (granule proteins) or the establishment of a hostile, non-physiologic environment in the phagolysosome. Accordingly, this review is concerned with the identification and cellular location of cationic proteins that participate in nonoxidative killing of gram-negative bacteria by human polymorphonucleur neutrophil granulocytes. Studies reviewed support the hypothesis that oxygen-independent mechanisms function in vivo and are important in host defense against infection. The chemistry of antimicrobial proteins, the biologically active site of each protein, and the mechanism by which the proteins trigger bacterial death all need to be determined at the molecular level. PMID- 3895355 TI - Effects of bacterial endotoxins on neutrophil function. AB - The neutrophil is a key element in host resistance to bacterial infection. Bacterial products capable of subverting the antimicrobial properties of neutrophils can have a potentially deleterious effect on the host. Current knowledge of the effects of endotoxins derived from the outer cell envelope of gram-negative bacteria on neutrophil function is summarized. Available evidence indicates that endotoxins bind to neutrophils, both in vitro and in vivo. The lipid A region of the endotoxin macromolecule appears to be important in promoting the association of endotoxin with the neutrophil cell membrane. Endotoxin-neutrophil interactions can result in altered neutrophil adhesive and locomotory properties. Moreover, endotoxins have been demonstrated to induce selective degranulation of specific (secondary) granule constituents and to alter the oxidative and microbicidal properties of the neutrophil. Further studies are needed to define on a molecular level the nature of the endotoxin receptor, the precise structural components of endotoxin responsible for altering neutrophil behavior, and the transductional event(s) leading to neutrophil activation as a result of endotoxin exposure. PMID- 3895357 TI - Selective primary health care: strategies for control of disease in the developing world. XVII. Pertussis and diphtheria. AB - Pertussis and diphtheria, bacterial infections responsible for significant childhood morbidity and mortality in the developing world, are potentially controllable by mass immunization. The incidence of pertussis has been dramatically reduced in many areas of the world over the past 25 years by the use of pertussis vaccine. The massive increase in incidence of clinical pertussis in Great Britain and other European nations occurring after publicity about vaccine reactogenicity precipitated a marked decrease in vaccine acceptance has documented the efficacy of the vaccine and the necessity of continued immunization. The issue of potential toxicity is, nevertheless, being addressed with the development of a cell-free, component pertussis vaccine. The use of diphtheria toxoid, directed at protecting recipients against the systemic effects of diphtheria toxin, has resulted in excellent control of the disease in the United States and elsewhere. Certainly the use of these two vaccines on a mass scale is the preferred approach to worldwide control, if not eradication, of these infectious diseases. PMID- 3895356 TI - Role of the neutrophil in oral disease: receptor deficiency in leukocytes from patients with juvenile periodontitis. AB - In many diseases in which cellular abnormalities of neutrophil locomotion are found, patients have oral complications. Localized juvenile periodontitis (LJP) is used as an example of a severe periodontal disease that is related to compromised neutrophil function. Studies of chemotaxis and binding of LJP neutrophils in response to chemotactic factors N formylmethionylleucylphenylalanine (FMLP), a structural analogue of a bacterial product, and complement fragment C5a were carried out to identify the molecular basis of the compromised neutrophil function. The rate of chemotaxis in LJP neutrophils was significantly lower than that of control neutrophils, and LJP neutrophils demonstrated fewer binding sites for these chemotactic factors than did normal neutrophils. The respective numbers of binding sites for FMLP on LJP neutrophils and normal neutrophils were 9,200 and 20,000 and for C5a were 133,000 and 218,000. However, for both chemotactic substances, the dissociation constants for LJP and normal neutrophils were similar. The expression of FMLP receptors was altered in LJP neutrophils, but no modulation abnormality was noted for the C5a receptor. PMID- 3895358 TI - Two errors in enteric epidemiology: the stories of Austin Flint and Max von Pettenkofer. AB - The misconceptions of two physicians, Austin Flint and Max von Pettenkofer, in interpreting epidemiologic data on the water transmission of enteric disease are reviewed. Austin Flint failed to recognize the transmission of typhoid fever from well water in an epidemic he investigated in North Boston, New York, in 1843. He later discovered and freely admitted his error. Max von Pettenkofer, who had studied cholera in the 1854 outbreak and in many subsequent outbreaks, failed to confirm John Snow's observations in England on the water transmission of cholera. Pettenkofer eventually swallowed live cholera bacilli and did not develop cholera. He remained convinced to the end of his life that cholera is not directly transmitted by drinking water. PMID- 3895359 TI - Classics in infectious diseases. On continuous molecular changes, more particularly in their relation to epidemic diseases. By John Snow (1813-1858). PMID- 3895360 TI - [Ulcerogenic potential of corticoids in man: a reality or methodologic artifact?]. AB - It is generally accepted that glucocorticoids are ulcerogenic. The different pharmacological, biological and clinical arguments on which this opinion is founded are reviewed. It is concluded that, particularly in pneumology, none of them is sufficiently sound to justify the prophylactic measures generally systematically used. In fact it appears that glucocorticoids are not primary offenders by rather potentiate ulcerogenesis. Prophylactic measures are therefore indicated only in ulcerogenic conditions such as association with non steroidal anti-inflammatory agents or in some pathological situations such as rheumatoid arthritis and severe cirrhosis. These conditions are generally not encountered in pneumology and therefore the ulcerogenic risk in this case can be considered as non existent. PMID- 3895361 TI - [Salpingitis in children before puberty. Apropos of 2 cases]. AB - Salpingitis is exceptional in pre-pubertal girls. The authors compare a case of histologically and bacteriologically well documented salpingitis in a 3 year old girl to another case in a pre-pubertal 14 year old girl and review the literature on the subject. Six other cases have been reported. The clinical presentation is very variable and, in the absence of ultrasonography or laparoscopy, laparotomy is required for both the diagnosis and the treatment. PMID- 3895362 TI - [Follow-up of women following treatment of breast cancer]. AB - The follow-up of women treated for breast cancer rather varies according to school of thought. This follow-up is often too irregular, insufficient or unnecessarily exhaustive and costly. It depends on numerous factors such as the doctor-patient relationship, stage of disease, frequency and usual site of metastases, time lapsed since first treatment, and validity and reliability of tests. In early stages, attention must be paid to discovery of recurrence and metastasis, either in the opposite breast or in other organs. In advanced stages, the examination involves an evaluation of the degree of extension and ongoing disease activity with search for evidence of stability. PMID- 3895363 TI - [Early biopsy of chorionic villi. Personal experience and review of the literature]. AB - Chorionic villus biopsies made during the first trimester of pregnancy offer the advantage of earlier antenatal diagnoses than usual methods. This technic was introduced about 15 years ago but recently improved thanks to innovations in equipment and the contribution of echography. 75 biopsies were made using aspiration technic by echographic-guided catheter. These biopsies were carried out before elective abortion, 18 in an ambulatory setting one to three weeks before the abortion in order to test the social acceptability and tolerance of this method, as well as the inherent risks involved. The biopsy technic is described as well as preliminary results of chromosomic analyses of biopsied chorionic tissues. Drawing from a perspicacious review of the literature, the respective advantages of various biopsy technics and their uses (i.e. sex determination and chromosome analyses by culture and especially direct methods, study of fetal DNA, and enzyme assay) are examined. Finally, the risks of biopsy technic in the immediate and near future are discussed, and the indications today for this new technic are described. PMID- 3895364 TI - [The value of current echographic parameters in fetal biometry]. AB - A review of current literature concerning developments of new parameters in fetal biometry is presented. To be sure, these parameters are very useful for detection of fetal malformations but outside of femoral length they do not contribute more valuable information than the already accepted parameters for determination of gestational age or detection of disorders of fetal growth. PMID- 3895365 TI - [Bornaprine in the treatment of parkinsonian tremor]. AB - We report the results of a double-blind placebo controlled study of bornaprine, an anticholinergic drug, in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. We studied 17 patients presenting persistent tremor in spite of a stable long-term L-Dopa therapy. The bornaprine, in doses of 8 mg/die, compared with placebo significantly improves tremor. Only mild side effects occurred. We think the bornaprine may be of value in the treatment of parkinsonian tremor. PMID- 3895366 TI - Onchocerca volvulus: transplantation of adult worms into chimpanzees. AB - Adult Onchocerca volvulus were transplanted into chimpanzees with or without complete or partial digestion of associated nodule tissue. Survival of adults worms was limited, but low level microfilarial densities remained detectable in skin over partially digested nodule transplants for 12 months. Human nodule tissue transplanted with adult worms showed enhanced survival as compared to subcutaneous tissue transplanted without worms. It is postulated that this reflects the action of an immunosuppressive factor utilized by the parasite to permit its own survival. PMID- 3895367 TI - Electron microscope study on the developmental stages of Wuchereria bancrofti in the intermediate host: structure of the digestive tract. AB - The digestive tract and its development from undifferentiated primordia of first, second and third stage larvae of Wuchereria bancrofti are described at the ultrastructural level. In the young first stage larva the future oesophageal cells form a long column surrounding the cuticularized pharyngeal thread. In the midbody region, a small number of cells associated with the inner body represent the intestinal precursor. The large R-cells around the anal vesicle are fully differentiated.--The late first stage larva shows numerous, small oesophageal cells aligned around the pharyngeal thread. The few intestinal cells have greatly enlarged and start to form small lumina between their central membranes. The anal vesicle has increased and is divided in an inner and an outer portion.--In the second stage larva the oesephageal cells gradually differentiate into an inner muscular core around the triradiate cuticularized lumen, and an outer glandular sleeve. The intestinal cells start to form small microvilli at their luminal sides. Large amounts of particulate matter fill the lumina of oesophagus and intestine at this larval stage. The R-cells are still located between the posterior end of the intestine and the inner portion of the anal vesicle. Small, undifferentiated cells around the outer portion of the anal vesicle start to form the rectal tube.--The third stage larva has a fully differentiated digestive tract. The glandular portion of the oesophagus contains an abundance of secretory granules and vacuoles, the intestinal cells show lipid inclusions and long, tightly packed microvilli. The narrow rectal tube opens to the exterior. PMID- 3895368 TI - Specific chromosomal markers in B- and T-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. PMID- 3895369 TI - Radioimmunoassay development for human neuron-specific enolase: with some clinical results in lung cancers and neuroblastoma. AB - A double-antibody radioimmunoassay for human neuron-specific enolase (NSE) was developed, using rabbit antiserum against the gamma subunit of enolase purified from human brain. Intra-assay variance was 3.8-5.1% and inter-assay variance 4.3 7.3%, and recovery of NSE added to normal serum was 100.2% on average. Normal serum NSE levels for 451 adults ranged from 3.6 to 10.8 ng/ml (mean 6.6 ng/ml). Antibodies raised against the gamma gamma enolase isozyme did not cross-react with the alpha alpha and beta beta isozymes at concentrations of 1,000 ng/ml, but showed a cross-reactivity of 41.5% (theoretically 50%) with the alpha gamma isozyme. It was also shown that hemolysis of 160 mg/dl hemoglobin can add 5.73 ng/ml of NSE to the true level. The coefficient of correlation between the radioimmunoassay and the sandwich enzyme immunoassay [1] was 0.99 (n = 21), and values determined by the RIA were about twice those obtained by the EIA. Serum NSE was abnormally high in 42 of 52 patients (80.8%) with small cell lung carcinoma, and in all 38 children with neuroblastoma. PMID- 3895370 TI - Protecting the quality of nursing care in B.C. Part I--the rise of collective action. PMID- 3895371 TI - [Contamination of the environment with mercury--its health problems. II. Toxic effects of mercury and its compounds]. PMID- 3895372 TI - [Focal connatal acquired brain damage--sonographic study of the course of healing]. AB - A case of a perinatal acquired focal brain lesion is reported, and the process of resorption and healing demonstrated by ultrasound. Within four weeks a cortical area of increased echogenicity was resorbed. After two months, the resulting porencephalic cyst had been transformed into glial tissue of very high echogenicity. The neurologic development of two children with such glial focus was good. These cases demonstrate that porencephalic cysts are not always the final state after resorption of a focal brain lesion. They are no reliable prognostic indicator of poor neurological outcome. Traumatic and complicated delivery, asphyxia and coagulopathy are conditions which have been found several times in connection with a focal brain lesion. In contrast to periventricular injury, prematurity does not seem to be a factor of higher risk. PMID- 3895373 TI - [Integration of the new imaging procedures (DSA, CT and MR) in clinical practice]. AB - Survey of the sequence in which modern imaging procedures should be employed in diseases of the central nervous system, the thoracic and abdominal organs, and the extremities, and the rating of these methods also as regards the costs involved. PMID- 3895374 TI - [Urinary infections in children]. PMID- 3895375 TI - [Increase in glucose tolerance after repeated stimulation of insulin secretion]. PMID- 3895377 TI - Comparative study of dentin adhesives. AB - The marginal adaptation of Silux after application of different dentin adhesives was investigated in dentin cavities prepared in extracted human teeth. The cavity diameter ranged from 1.8 to 6.4 mm and the cavosurface angle was 90 degrees, 110 degrees, 135 degrees or 160 degrees. The investigation included the following adhesives: Clearfil, Creation 1150, GLUMA, NPG-GMA + PMDM, Palfique, Panavia, Scotchbond and Superbond. Silux Enamel Bond was used as control. The most effective adhesive was GLUMA followed by Superbond and then NPG-GMA + PMDM; Palfique, Panavia and Scotchbond were all less effective than NPG-GMA + PMDM, and both Clearfil and Creation 1150 were inferior to the control, Silux Enamel Bond. None of the adhesives were able to prevent the formation of marginal gaps when measured 10 min after polymerization. After water absorption for 1 day, only GLUMA and Superbond produced gapfree fillings. Increasing the cavosurface angle resulted in a significant improvement of the effect of all adhesives, the main reason for this being the reduced ratio volume of filling to area of cavity wall. PMID- 3895376 TI - Immunoelectron microscopic findings in oral mucosa of patients with dermatitis herpetiformis and linear IgA disease. AB - Two patients with dermatitis herpetiformis and one with linear IgA disease were examined. Two of the patients had oral lesions and all three showed IgA deposits detected by direct immunofluorescence in apparently normal buccal mucosa. To localize the target structures for IgA deposition, biopsy specimens were taken from normal appearing buccal mucosa for immunoelectron microscopy. The patients with dermatitis herpetiformis had distinct IgA deposits in the upper connective tissue. These were often associated with elastic fibers and occasionally also with capillary walls. In contrast, the patient with linear IgA disease had IgA deposition at the subbasal lamina. Though the clinical expressions may be similar the present immunoelectron microscopic findings in oral mucosa clearly differentiate dermatitis herpetiformis from liner IgA disease. PMID- 3895378 TI - The micellar hypothesis of fat absorption: must it be revisited? PMID- 3895379 TI - A prospective study of patients with uncharacteristic abdominal disorders. AB - A prospective study was carried out in 51 patients admitted for abdominal complaints of at least 1 year's duration. Despite previous hospitalization for the same complaints, no certain diagnosis had been established. After systematic diagnostic procedures in the Medical Dept., Rikshospitalet, 33 patients were given a psychosomatic and 18 patients an organic primary diagnosis. The organic diseases were three cases of Crohn's disease, two of cancer, two of duodenal ulcers, one of gastric ulcer, two of gastroduodenitis, five of postresection syndrome, one of lactose intolerance, one of hyperthyroidism, and one of degeneration of the columna. The patients' condition was registered after 1 year of individual treatment. There was a significant decrease in the number of symptoms, in the psychosomatic score of anxiety, depression, and stress, and in days on sick leave and consultation with physicians in connection with the second compared with the first hospitalization for the whole group, for the psychosomatic group, and for the patients with upper gastrointestinal disease. Increased vitality based on muscular testing was also indicated in the same groups of patients. The study suggests that patients with uncharacteristic abdominal disorders may need a thorough examination at least once in the course of their illness; on the one hand, this may help patients with psychosomatic disease to cope better with their problems, and, on the other hand, primary organic lesions may be difficult to diagnose on the grounds of simple screening procedures. PMID- 3895380 TI - Symptom profiles in chronic peptic ulcer disease. A detailed study of abdominal and mental symptoms. AB - Abdominal and mental symptoms were assessed in 103 outpatients with chronic peptic ulcer disease. Patients with present symptoms and a history of duodenal or prepyloric ulcer were included if they had no other disorder requiring treatment. A normal female population was used for comparison of mental symptoms. Besides the cardinal ulcer or acid-related symptoms, there was a high rate of indigestion and bowel dysfunction symptoms, usually associated with the irritable bowel syndrome. Mental symptoms were reported by almost all patients. Symptoms of anxiety, depression, and neurasthenia were seen significantly more often among the female patients than in the normal women. We conclude that a wide range of both abdominal and mental symptoms should be taken into account in the therapeutic management of peptic ulcer disease, in evaluation of clinical trials, and in studies of the natural history. PMID- 3895381 TI - Ranitidine and high-dose antacid in reflux oesophagitis. A randomized, placebo controlled trial. AB - The liquid antacid Novaluzid (10 ml seven times daily) was compared with ranitidine (150 mg twice daily) and with placebo in 57 patients with symptoms and endoscopic signs of oesophagitis and gastro-oesophageal reflux. A randomized three-period change-over design with the double-dummy technique was used. Each treatment period lasted 6 weeks. Only 37 patients (64.9%) completed the entire trial. In retrospect, five patients receiving placebo were withdrawn because of insufficient effect, six patients because of side effects while taking Novaluzid and two while taking ranitidine. The remaining seven dropouts/withdrawals were for reasons without evident relationship to the treatment given. Statistical analyses based both on the 37 completers and on the 43 patients who had at least two treatment periods showed that ranitidine and Novaluzid were superior to placebo with regard to pain score (p less than 0.005) but not with regard to regurgitation, dysphagia, histology, and appearance on endoscopy (p greater than 0.05). It was impossible to distinguish statistically between ranitidine and Novaluzid. In conclusion, ranitidine and high-dose antacids are of equal effectiveness in the short-term treatment of reflux oesophagitis, and both are superior to placebo with regard to symptomatic relief. PMID- 3895382 TI - Gastric cytoprotection. PMID- 3895383 TI - The endoscopic diagnosis of gastric ulcer. A randomized clinical trial of interobserver variation and bias induced by knowledge of the radiological diagnosis. AB - A critical evaluation of the endoscopic diagnosis of gastric ulcer was carried out. In a randomized design it was elucidated whether endoscopists are biased by knowledge of the radiological diagnosis when interpreting their endoscopic findings. In addition, the interobserver variation of the endoscopic diagnosis was determined. A total of 156 patients had a barium-meal examination and were subsequently endoscoped by the same two physicians in one session. Before the endoscopy, the patients were randomized in two groups. In 74 patients the physicians knew the radiologic result at the endoscopy; in 82 they did not. One endoscopist was significantly influenced by his knowledge of the radiological diagnosis. The interobserver variation, expressed as the kappa coefficient, was 0.54 and 0.60, respectively, in the two groups. The disagreement especially concerned small ulcers. PMID- 3895384 TI - Effect of cimetidine in patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia and erosive prepyloric changes. AB - A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was performed, using 400-mg cimetidine tablets or placebo twice daily for 4 weeks in 100 patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia (NUD) and erosive prepyloric changes (EPC) grade 2 or 3. Symptomatic assessment was made weekly and endoscopic assessment on completion of the treatment period. Symptomatically, a significant effect of cimetidine versus placebo on epigastric pain/discomfort was recorded after 2 weeks' treatment (p less than 0.05). Endoscopically, there was a significant improvement, according to our grading scale of EPC, in the cimetidine-treated group, as compared to the placebo-treated group (p less than 0.05). On the basis of our findings, patients with NUD and EPC who have epigastric pain/discomfort as a prominent symptom seem to profit from treatment with cimetidine. PMID- 3895385 TI - Irritable bowel syndrome: current concepts and future trends. AB - About five per cent of the adult population each year will see their doctor with complaints that are finally characterised as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The complaints are constipation (perhaps alternating with diarrhoea), abdominal pain (dull or colicky), abdominal distension, abdominal rumbling and flatulence. The diagnosis of IBS implies that a relevant examination has precluded any organic disease. The etiology is unknown and the syndrome probably does not represent a disease entity. It is therefore difficult, if not impossible, to produce a definite rationale of treatment. However, several aspects of the pathogenesis of the individual symptoms of IBS are well known: 1) chronic constipation is most likely due to fibre-depleted diet, psychological factors, local organic disorders (e.g., anal fissures, hemorrhoids, diverticulosis) and disturbance of the body fluid balance (e.g., high consumption of diuretic compounds such as coffee and tea); 2) pain is related to spasms and motility disturbances causing increased intraluminal pressure; 3) meteorism is not due to an increased amount of intestinal gas, but "air traps" and segmental accumulation of gas seem to occur. Furthermore, psychopathological factors and perhaps also food intolerance may play an etiological role. At present the rationale of treatment in IBS is: 1) management of constipation, 2) ease of spasms, 3) reduction of surface tension of intestinal contents, 4) ease of mental stress. PMID- 3895386 TI - A psychosomatic approach to treatment in the irritable bowel syndrome and peptic ulcer disease with aspects of the design of clinical trials. AB - To compare the effects of conventional medical treatment with treatment that combines medical treatment and psychotherapy, 101 out-patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and 103 with peptic ulcer disease (PUD) were randomly allocated to two treatment groups. All patients with PUD received medical treatment with antacids and anticholinergics or antacids and H2-receptor antagonists, while the patients with IBS received bulk-forming agents and, when appropriate, anticholinergic drugs, antacids and minor tranquillisers. In addition, the patients in one group with IBS and one group with PUD received dynamically oriented individual psychotherapy in ten hour-long sessions spread over three months. There was a greater improvement in the psychotherapy groups for patients with IBS after three months and for both IBS and PUD patients after 15 months. The difference had become more pronounced after 15 months, with the patients given psychotherapy showing further improvement, and the patients who had received medical treatment only showing some deterioration. In the short term, the results were more in favour of the psychotherapy group in patients with IBS than PUD, but in the long run, the combination of medical treatment with psychotherapy improved the outcome for both IBS and PUD. PMID- 3895387 TI - Controlled trials in gastrodyspepsia: a methodological aspect. AB - Non-ulcer dyspepsia (NUD) is a poorly defined condition that is not very suitable for conventional randomised double-blind studies. A multi cross-over model (MCO model) has been designed allowing identification of individual drug responders with a defined degree of certainty. The model involves regular interchanges between periods with active drug and placebo, and the evaluation is based on the number of times the active drug is associated with fewer symptoms than the preceding or following placebo period (X-score). A drug responder may be defined by a certain minimum value for the X-score. The risk of being wrong may then be easily calculated from the probability distribution of the X-score. The effect of cimetidine in patients with NUD has been studied using a variant of the MCO-model including 6 treatment periods of 2 or 4 days' duration. So far, the conclusion that the MCO-model is able to identify individual cimetidine responders among patients with NUD appears to be justified. The preliminary findings furthermore suggest that cimetidine responders among patients with NUD are characterised rather by symptoms suggestive of reflux esophagitis than by hypersecretion of acid. PMID- 3895388 TI - Methodological aspects of clinical trials in non-ulcer dyspepsia with special reference to selectional factors. AB - The sampling process preceding a clinical trial is associated with numerous fallacies. This is especially true in non-ulcer dyspepsia, which is a prevalent but poorly defined condition, probably with heterogenic etiologies. Therefore, in order to make subsequent inferences possible, it is crucial that rigorous criteria for adherence to the target population--and the studied sample--are established in advance. Several factors, however, preclude a strictly random sample from the target population. Firstly, only those who find their way to medical services are included in trials, and different circumstances may affect the patient's decision to seek medical advice. Secondly, the doctor's decision to refer a patient to a study is influenced by a number of factors that might introduce bias. As an example, an on-going study of non-ulcer dyspepsia is presented. With the application of strict symptomatic criteria, and the exclusion of circumscribed organic lesions of the upper gastrointestinal tract by means of endoscopy, it was possible to define a population in which very few additional pathological findings were made at thorough diagnostic work-up. PMID- 3895389 TI - Psychological aspects of non-ulcer dyspepsia: a psychosomatic view focusing on a comparison between the irritable bowel syndrome and peptic ulcer disease. AB - In spite of the fact that both laymen and clinicians have pointed out their relevance, the psychological aspects of gastrointestinal disorders, especially their influence on etiology and pathophysiology, have been a matter of controversy and challenge to researchers. Difficulties in this field arise from several sources, for instance, the sampling methodology in the selection of patients and the heterogeneity of the disorders studied. When the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is compared with peptic ulcer disease (PUD), the personality features of IBS have not been described with the same consistency as the dependency traits of PUD. Also, IBS patients have been regarded as more neurotic and depressed than PUD patients. In this study of 101 IBS and 103 PUD patients, our overall impression was that mental symptoms and personality profiles were essentially the same in IBS and PUD, but that both groups differed from a normal population. We conclude that from a psychosomatic point of view IBS and PUD may be looked upon as different facets of the same underlying psychogenic mechanism. Although conclusive evidence of how psychological factors affect physiological processes and contribute to the clinical picture in gastrointestinal disorders is still lacking, it seems reasonable to state that they are often significant and must be considered in treating individual IBS and PUD patients. PMID- 3895390 TI - Gastroduodenal motility disturbances in man. AB - The specialised regions of the stomach include the cardia, fundus, body, antrum and the pylorus. Not only do these regions have specific secretory functions, but also, they have specific motor functions as well. For example, the proximal stomach is most important in regulating emptying of liquids and the distal stomach and pylorus, the emptying of solids. Disorders of gastric emptying can be classified into two major categories: mechanical obstruction due to increased resistance and functional obstruction (gastroparesis) due to pump failure. Gastroparesis is best diagnosed using a solid test meal which is labelled by a gamma-emitting radionuclide. Agents employed to treat gastroparesis include bethanechol, metoclopramide and domperidone. Entero-gastric reflux occurs when there are abnormalities in the duodeno-gastric pressure gradient or the duodeno gastric resistance mechanism. Excessive entero-gastric reflux may be seen in patients with gastric ulcers, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, post cholecystectomy syndrome or post-operative entero-gastric reflux gastritis. The diagnosis of entero-gastric reflux gastritis depends upon typical symptoms and the demonstration of excessive entero-gastric reflux by scintigraphic techniques or the measurement of bile concentrations within the stomach. Medical treatment with bile chelating agents and surface coating agents has been disappointing. Surgical treatment should only be undertaken as a last resort. PMID- 3895391 TI - Chronic gastritis: dynamic and clinical aspects. AB - A simple method for grading gastritis is to assess the severity of round cell infiltration and the loss of normal glands, and this may be applied to both antral and body changes. However, there is, as yet, no satisfactory classification of gastritis. In population samples, gastritis shows a linear increase in age-specific prevalence so that the annual increase in the body atrophic gastritis pool up to geriatric age is constant (1.5%). In the elderly, there appears to be a retardation of the process, particularly in the antral mucosa, where some healing trend is demonstrable. This dynamic behaviour is qualitatively similar in all population samples collected in Finland and Estonia. On the other hand, the dynamic behaviour of gastritis in different subpopulations differs markedly from that in the population at large. In pernicious anemia patients and their first-degree relatives, the progression of body atrophic gastritis in its final stages is about 20 times more rapid than in a general population, while, simultaneously, antral gastritis displays a distinct healing tendency. A behaviour opposite to that in pernicious anemia is seen in patients with active or healed duodenal ulcer disease and in duodenitis: antral gastritis behaves, on the whole, similarly to that in the general population, but in the body mucosa there occurs virtually no progression with age, and the mucosa generally remains normal or at the stage of superficial gastritis. However, after antrectomy body gastritis progresses rapidly in the remnant at first, but it slows down later and then closely resembles that in the general population.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3895392 TI - Duodenitis. AB - "Duodenitis" remains a controversial area in clinical medicine. This review discusses the various methods of diagnosis (histology, radiology, endoscopy) and concludes that "endoscopic duodenitis" is a definite clinical entity. Studies are presented on the changes in duodenitis in relation to peptic ulcer disease, and it is concluded that "endoscopic duodenitis" is unlikely to be the cause of symptoms unless accompanied by a peptic ulcer. PMID- 3895393 TI - Gastric mucosal defence mechanisms. AB - Gastric mucosa has a particular ability to resist acid/peptic digestion. The nature of the presumed barrier to acid and pepsin has been elusive but recent work suggests that a combination of mechanisms is likely to be involved. Amongst these the mucus gel layer combined with secretion of alkali by the surface epithelium is likely to form a first line defence. The demonstration of a pH gradient within the mucus gel layer supports such a hypothesis. Agents which damage the mucosa such as aspirin and bile salts inhibit the maintenance of the pH gradient allowing the luminal surface of the epithelium to become more acid. Prostaglandins enhance this pH gradient, an observation which may be relevant to the protective properties of prostaglandins. This alkaline zone can be compromised by high levels of luminal acidity and it thus has a limited capacity to prevent acid reaching the mucosa. The local microcirculation is of importance in maintaining surface epithelial metabolic integrity and interstitial fluid bicarbonate may be important in neutralising any acid which may reach the subepithelial layers. This may in part explain the ability of an actively secreting gastric epithelium to resist damage to a greater extent than a resting mucosa. Recent exciting work has focussed on the ability of gastric epithelium to reform by a process which has been termed restitution, after acute mucosal damage. This process appears to be rapid and occurs within an hour or so. Repeated rapid repair may be a common occurrence in the maintenance of mucosal integrity. Finally, it has been proposed that a hydrophobic property of surface epithelium in the stomach may be relevant to mucosal protection. PMID- 3895394 TI - Protection of the gastroduodenal mucosa by prostaglandins. AB - Like other nucleated cell populations in the body, the cells of the gastroduodenal mucosa are capable to metabolise arachidonic acid into prostaglandins, with prostaglandin E2 as the probable major metabolite. The production increases on demand and can be followed in the gastric lumen, where the output of prostaglandin E2 increases two to fourfold after exposure of the mucosa to hydrochloric acid. Exogenous prostaglandins, in particular of the E series, stimulate several identified mucosal defense factors in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Prostaglandins of the E series stimulate the transport of bicarbonate and the production and release of mucus glycoproteins from the gastroduodenal mucosa. They have trophic effects on gastrointestinal epithelia by increasing the survival time of mucosal cells and have cytoprotective properties. In addition, E2 prostaglandins suppress the gastric acid secretion and accelerate peptic ulcer healing. Non steroidal antiinflammatory drugs, which block the biosynthesis of prostaglandins, suppress the bicarbonate secretion, the production of mucus glycoproteins and cytoprotective properties. They interfere with the inhibitory feedback regulation of the gastric acid secretion and are ulcerogenic in experimental and clinical situations. These actions of PG biosynthesis blockers provide indirect information on the importance of local prostaglandin formation for maintenance of gastrointestinal mucosal integrity. It is hypothesised that biosynthesis of prostaglandins in the gastroduodenal mucosa is of importance and may be a key event in triggering the different components of the mucosal defense. PMID- 3895395 TI - Studies of monoclonal antibodies specific for major histocompatibility complex products of the rat. II. Production and characterization of xenogeneic, allogeneic, and syngeneic polyclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies. AB - Polyclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies against monoclonal antibodies with specificity for RT1-encoded antigens were induced in syngeneic, allogeneic, and xenogeneic hosts. The immune response to the idiotypic determinants on monoclonal antibodies was T-cell-dependent. The anti-idiotypic antibodies, independent of whether they were induced in syngeneic, allogeneic, or xenogeneic (after proper absorption) hosts, showed an exquisite specificity for the monoclonal antibody used for the induction. No cross-reactivity with other monoclonal antibodies could be observed. PMID- 3895396 TI - Quantification of the C3d split products of human complement by a sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. AB - A double-antibody biotin-avidin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for quantification of the C3d split products is described. Polyethylene glycol 6000 was used to precipitate large C3 molecules, and the C3d-containing supernatant was used in the assay. C3d was measured in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid plasma from 40 healthy blood donors, and the normal range was defined. Twenty-two patients were tested, and 12 of these had increased levels of C3d. No correlation was observed between total C3 and C3d in these patients. There was a close correlation between C3d measured by this method and by the double-decker rocket immunoelectrophoresis method. The C3d ELISA method is very sensitive, easy to perform, and time-saving and economical compared with most C3d methods already described. A procedure to define the lower detection limit and examine the reliability of an ELISA method in general is discussed. PMID- 3895397 TI - 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3-differentiated human promyelocytic leukaemia cells (HL 60) can kill antibody-coated tumour cells (K562). AB - The active metabolite of vitamin D3, 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3), was tested for the ability to differentiate promyelocytic leukaemia cells (HL-60) and histiocytic lymphoma cells (U937) into cytotoxic effector cells against K562 leukaemia cells. A concentration of 10(-6) M 1,25(OH)2D3 differentiated HL-60 cells into substrate-adherent monocyte-like cells with cytolytic activity against antibody-coated K562 cells. These differentiated HL-60 cells were not able to lyse uncoated K562 cells in an 18-h Cr-release assay. Similar treatment of the U937 cells with 1,25(OH)2D3 did not make them cytolytic towards K562 cells. These data indicate that 1,25(OH)2D3 can differentiate HL-60 cells to mature monocytes with cytolytic activity against antibody-coated leukaemia cells. PMID- 3895398 TI - Selective inhibition of IgE versus beta 2-microglobulin in human U-266 myeloma cell line treated with T-cell-derived factors. AB - Concanavalin-A-activated T cells and their crude supernatants were assayed for suppressive activity on an IgE-producing U-266 cell line. Detectable and comparable degrees of suppression were obtained with the co-culture and the supernatant protocols. Separation of the effector population into T4+ and T8+ subsets showed the most effective cells in the T8+ fraction. Control experiments demonstrated that the IgE down-regulation was selective, since parallel measurement of beta 2-microglobulin synthesis showed no effect of T cells or T cell-derived supernatants. In addition, several human T-cell lymphoma-leukaemia virus I-transformed T-cell lines were explored for their capacity to produce factor(s) able to suppress IgE synthesis in the U-266 cell line, and four out of 25 cell lines could be shown to do this in a constitutive manner. Kinetic studies suggested that the inhibition occurred at a transcriptional level. The results indicate that the T-cell-myeloma system is an interesting model to define better the regulation of IgE in the human. PMID- 3895399 TI - Intradermal immunization with reduced doses of human diploid cell strain rabies vaccine: evaluation of antibody response by ELISA and mixed hemadsorption test. AB - The antibody response to the rabies human diploid cell strain vaccine was compared after pre-exposure immunization with 0.1 ml intradermal (i.d.) and 1.0 ml subcutaneous (s.c.) vaccination. After primary immunization, 2 doses of vaccine 1 month apart, all vaccinees in the two groups had antibody titers detectable by ELISA. However, the mean antibody titer after the 0.1 ml i.d. doses (5.9 EU/ml) was half of what was obtained after the 1.0 ml s.c. doses (12.2 EU/ml). Likewise, though all vaccinees responded on the 1-year booster dose the mean antibody level after i.d. vaccination (8 EU/ml) was 2.5 times lower than after 1.0 ml s.c. dose (21.5 EU/ml). At 1 year 70% of the vaccinees had detectable antibody levels irrespective of vaccination route. A few individuals responded to one of their i.d. doses with only minor titer rises which is supposed to be due to inadvertent s.c. injection of the i.d. dose. PMID- 3895400 TI - Susceptibility to six antibiotics of group B streptococci isolated from cerebrospinal fluid. AB - 64 clinical isolates of group B streptococci from cerebrospinal fluids of neonates were tested for susceptibility to 6 antibiotics. The strains were obtained in The Netherlands during 7 years. The usefulness of the generally recommended initial therapy, a combination of ampicillin and gentamicin, is supported. PMID- 3895401 TI - Asymptomatic bacteriuria during pregnancy with special reference to group B streptococci. AB - The relationship between significant bacteriuria (SB), i.e. 2 subsequent voided urine specimens with greater than or equal to 10(5) colony forming units (CFU)/ml, and the occurrence of bacteria in the urinary bladder detected by bladder punction, was investigated in asymptomatic pregnant women. From 30 (70%) of the 43 women with SB studied, bacteria were isolated from the urinary bladder. The same bacteria were found in the bladders of all 21 women with Escherichia coli, the one with Klebsiella pneumoniae, and the one with Staphylococcus saprophyticus in midstream urine. Six of 10 patients with group B streptococci (GBS), 1 of 4 patients with Streptococcus faecalis, and none of 5 patients with Staphylococcus epidermidis in voided specimens had bacteria in the aspirated urine. Serotype III was isolated from 8/10 patients with SB caused by GBS. One child born to a woman with GBS SB but no bacteria in the urinary bladder, got early onset septicaemia. The poor predictive value of SB with GBS, S. faecalis and S. epidermidis necessitates the increased use of bladder puncture for diagnosis of true asymptomatic bacteriuria (AB), i.e. AB with bacteria in the urinary bladder. SB with GBS even without bacteria in the urinary bladder, may constitute a threat to the baby's health. PMID- 3895402 TI - Trimethoprim and methenamine hippurate. A new theoretical combination for the treatment of urinary tract infections. AB - The antibacterial interaction of methenamine hippurate (MH) and trimethoprim (TMP) was tested in vitro in 3 different media: urine, brain-heart broth and Mueller-Hinton broth. MH and TMP were found to have a synergistic interaction in chequer-board titration against 11/11 bacteria in urine. Low concentrations of MH (1/2 MIC) had an additive or synergistic effect with TMP against 14/14 bacteria in brain-heart broth and 20/26 bacteria in Mueller-Hinton broth. In addition, the growth of bacteria in urine from healthy subjects treated with TMP (200 mg), MH (1000 mg) or a combination of TMP + MH (200 + 1000 mg) twice a day for 5 days was compared. A synergistic or additive effect of TMP and MH was found against 14/16 strains. Antagonistic interaction was not found in any of the tests. Preliminary pharmacokinetic studies with TMP and MH showed no marked interaction between the drugs. The hydrolysis of MH to formaldehyde was inversely related to urinary pH, and at pH 5 most of the formaldehyde released from MH in urine was generated within 3 h. The results suggest that the combination of TMP and MH may be more efficient than TMP alone in the treatment of urinary tract infections. PMID- 3895403 TI - Penetration of ceftazidime into the normal rabbit and human eye. AB - The penetration of ceftazidime into the aqueous humour and the vitreous body of the rabbit eye, after intravenous (i.v.) bolus or subconjunctival injection, was investigated. A dose of 50 mg/kg body weight was administered. After i.v. administration the mean penetration into the aqueous humour was 13% of the plasma values. After subconjunctival injection into the left eye, mean levels of 14% and 25% of the plasma concentrations were found in the right and left eye, respectively. The concentrations in the vitreous body were in all cases below the ceftazidime detection limit (1 mg/l), i.e. less than 1% of the plasma levels. The mean penetration of ceftazidime into human aqueous humour (measured during cataract extraction) was 19% after 2 g i.v. bolus injection. Ceftazidime levels sufficient to inhibit the growth of most pathogens commonly responsible for intraocular infections, including Pseudomonas spp., were consistently found in the aqueous humour. However, inadequate concentrations were achieved in the vitreous body. PMID- 3895404 TI - Effects of cooling after scald injury to a dorsal skin fold of mouse. AB - Shaved trunk skin folds of hairy mice were scalded for 20 s by water immersion. In one set of experiments the effect of increasing burn temperature (51 degrees C 60 degrees C) was studied, in another the folds were first scalded at 51 degrees C-54 degrees C and then immediately cooled for 30 min in 8 degrees C water. Animals were killed 2 h and 4 days postburn. Before sacrifice, Evans blue was injected i.v. to some animals to visualize preserved vascular perfusion and areas of increased permeability. Macroscopic observations (and photographic documentation) were made of the outside and inside of the injured skin and biopsies for light microscopy were obtained centrally in the burns. The injured area was measured by planimetry on photographs and expressed in percent of the whole burned area. At 4 days, brownish, oval areas appeared on the skin being progressively larger with increasing burn temperature. The 51 degrees C burn only resulted in a very small, spotlike, tissue injury, while the greater than or equal to 52 degrees C produced a macroscopic necrosis amounting to 40%-94% of the burned area. Postburn cooling did not reduce the damaged area as recorded 4 days postburn. Histologically, the tissues seemed well preserved at 2 h after 51 degrees C scalds, whereas cell damage was obvious and increasingly pronounced after greater than or equal to 53 degrees C burns. After 52 degrees C burns a mixed picture emerged. A similar microscopic pattern was seen at 4 days; 51 degrees C specimens were undamaged, some 52 degrees C and all greater than or equal to 53 degrees C were necrotic.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3895405 TI - A clinical study of Trypure or Varidase on minor burns. AB - A prospective double blind study using Varidase or Trypure on 2nd degree local burns in 18 patients was performed. No difference in cleaning or healing effect was revealed. In 6 out of 11 Trypure-treated and 1 out of 12 Varidase-treated patients treatment had to be discontinued because of intolerable pain. This difference was statistically significant. PMID- 3895406 TI - Classification and treatment of hemifacial microsomia. AB - On the basis of 37 surgically treated patients with hemifacial microsomia, an anatomical-surgical classification was developed which divides these patients into five categories to facilitate surgical planning and help standardize treatment. Treatment was founded on the cooperation of a large craniofacial team. Osteotomies of the jaws, construction of the TM joint with costochondral grafts, onlay bone grafts, and genioplasty were performed to improve facial form and function. Facial scars were avoided. After three-dimensional skeletal alignment, there was rarely a compelling need for subsequent soft tissue augmentation. PMID- 3895407 TI - The latissimus dorsi flap. An overview. AB - In the recent past, the latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap has added a significant tool to the armamentarium of the reconstructive surgeon. The history of its clinical use is reviewed with emphasis on embryological, anatomical and hemodynamic aspects. PMID- 3895408 TI - Muscle transposition for treatment of osteomyelitis of the tibia. AB - A series of 24 consecutive patients with osteomyelitis of the tibia and soft tissue defects were treated according to the principle of radical excision of the infected bone together with transposition of muscle flaps and primary skin cover as a one-stage procedure. External fixation was used for stabilization of bone. The mean duration of osteomyelitis before radical operation was 72 weeks and the previous stay in hospital averaged 15 weeks. Twenty-one patients had previously undergone 3.7 operations because of the infection. Staphylococcus aureus was cultured in 50% of the patients, while no bacteria could be identified in six patients. Appropriate antibiotics were given for an average of eight weeks. In four patients a secondary bone transplant and in three patients another skin transplant was necessary. One patient refusing further reconstructive surgery insisted on an above-knee amputation because of persisting infection. After an average observation time of 2 1/2 years no infection or instability of the tibia could be demonstrated, but one patient showed two small skin defects. These results indicate that radical excision of infected bone in combination with muscle transposition and primary skin cover is effective in the treatment of posttraumatic osteomyelitis of the tibia. PMID- 3895409 TI - Topical treatment of pressure ulcers. A randomized comparative trial of Varidase and zinc oxide. AB - In a single-blind, randomized trial, the efficacy of topical streptokinase streptodornase (Varidase) solution was compared with that of zinc oxide on necrotic pressure ulcers in 28 patients. The effectiveness was determined by measuring the necrosis removal within 8 weeks. This occurred in 6 patients (43%) treated with Varidase and in 7 (50%) treated with zinc oxide. The statistical tests applied showed no significant difference between the two treatments despite the use of a high power (1-beta = 0.95). The data suggest that the two regimens are about equally effective in the treatment of necrotic tissue. PMID- 3895410 TI - Emepronium carrageenate: clinical effects and urinary excretion in treatment of female urge incontinence. AB - Eighteen women (median age 54 years, 36-79) with urinary motor urge (n = 13) or sensory urge (n = 5) incontinence were treated for three 2-week periods with emepronium carrageenate (EC) (Cetiprin Novum) in daily doses of 500 and 1000 mg and placebo. Subjectively the women experienced an increased ability to control micturition, i.e. less urge, during EC treatment. Only mild and mainly anticholinergic side effects were recorded, most frequently dryness of the mouth. As regards side effects, the evaluation of objective effects were complicated by a tendency towards carry-over effect to placebo. Placebo in the first treatment periods were analysed solely; no effects of placebo could be demonstrated. Compared with the reference period, decreases in the total number of micturitions (approx. 20%) and in the number of urge incontinence episodes (approx. 75%) were seen. As compared with placebo, a significant increase (approx. 25%) in the average micturition volume could be demonstrated. The percentage urinary excretion of emepronium decreased with increasing oral intake and with advancing age. Probably, an initial daily dosage of 500 mg EC will do well in younger women (less than 50 years), whereas elder patients may need 1000 mg. Further dosage recommendations are given. PMID- 3895412 TI - [Attitude to abnormalities and malformations in historical perspective]. AB - Congenital malformations and physical disablement call not only for current definitions and classification, but also for radical discussion of our own mentality with regard to afflicted patients and their environment. A historical view may help clarify our opinions and positions. PMID- 3895411 TI - Thromboprophylactic effect of ticlopidine in arteriovenous fistulas for haemodialysis. AB - When constructing arteriovenous fistulas for haemodialysis in chronic renal failure patients, one of the main problems is still their clotting tendency. Ticlopidine is an effective inhibitor of platelet aggregation. In this randomized double-blind study placebo or ticlopidine 250 mg twice daily was given to chronic uremic patients up to 4 weeks after construction of an arteriovenous fistula. 42 patients were recruited and 36 completed the trial. The fistula clotted in 8 patients on placebo and in 2 patients on ticlopidine. The difference is significant. This effect was achieved without an increased frequency of side effects compared with placebo. It is concluded that ticlopidine has a function as a thromboprophylactic drug in chronic uremic patients. PMID- 3895413 TI - [Neurologic manifestations of osmolality disorders]. AB - Irrespective of the etiology, a water and electrolyte imbalance provoking a hypo- or hyperosmolar state causes metabolic encephalopathy, as may occur with any metabolic disturbance. The pathophysiology of metabolic encephalopathy relies on a diffuse neuronal dysfunction which occasionally shows a focal maximum. To the clinician it presents in the form of nonspecific symptoms or signs, such as altered level of alertness or awareness of the environment, or impaired attention, cognition or orientation. When the onset of hypo- or hyperosmolality is rapid, delirium may develop or the level of consciousness can decrease to the point of coma. Myoclonic jerks, gait disturbance and focal or generalized fits are additional nonspecific signs. When the water and electrolyte imbalance coincides with or is caused by brain disease, the signs of the two conditions are added. On the other hand, complicating hemorrhages, sinus thrombosis, or brainstem herniation or compression may be taken for a primary structural brain lesion, and the water and electrolyte imbalance may easily be overlooked. Pathophysiology, symptoms and signs, and therapy of hypo- and hyperosmolar states are discussed. Central pontine myelinolysis is considered separately. PMID- 3895414 TI - [History of blood circulation]. AB - Until the beginning of the 17th century it was assumed that the arteries carried a subtle kind of air or spirit to the organs, and the veins the nutrient blood. No one seems to have seriously considered that a backflow was necessary. The circulation of the blood was discovered in 1628 by William Harvey. Blood pressure was first measured in animals by Hales (1733). Reliable blood pressure measurements in humans were rendered possible at the beginning of the 20th century through the efforts of Mahomed, von Basch, Potain, Riva-Rocci and Korotkoff. In 1903 electrocardiography was introduced by Einthoven. In 1941 the use of venous catheterization by Cournand initiated the giant forward strides of modern cardiovascular research, diagnosis and therapy. PMID- 3895415 TI - [Hardness tests on the enamel, dentin and cementum of historic and prehistoric human teeth]. PMID- 3895416 TI - [Etiology of periodontal diseases]. PMID- 3895417 TI - Scanning electron microscope study of 48-hour plaque on different bridge pontics designs. PMID- 3895418 TI - [Prosthesis-induced nodular chondrometaplasia of the maxilla]. PMID- 3895419 TI - [The perforated cast adhesive bridge--the results of a longitudinal clinical study]. PMID- 3895420 TI - [Observations on tooth extraction in the Middle Ages]. PMID- 3895421 TI - [Psychogenic prosthesis intolerance: therapeutic possibilities]. PMID- 3895422 TI - [Juvenile periodontitis (JP)--a review of the literature 1979-1984]. PMID- 3895423 TI - [Is a timely diagnosis possible in pancreatic cancer?]. AB - The incidence of pancreatic cancer, the incidence rate of physicians in a given area, the sensitivity and specificity of morphological (ERCP, CT, sonography), cytological and serological (CEA, alpha-fetoprotein, POA, R-nase, LAI, CA 19-9) examination methods were used (taking the cities of Ulm and Hannover as basis) for calculating that a general practitioner, or a practising internist, may be able to diagnose a case of pancreatic cancer about 3-4 times during his professional career, and at the most once only one early cancer. There is at present no screening method. Diagnosis of an early cancer entirely free from any symptoms, is a mere coincidence. When the first uncharacteristic complaints become manifest, the pancreatic cancer is already 3 to 5 years old; usually, it can then no longer be classified as an early cancer. PMID- 3895424 TI - [Value of sonographic imaging of the pancreatic duct for the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer compared to ERCP]. PMID- 3895425 TI - [Groove pancreatitis--its pathological anatomy and sonographic findings]. AB - Groove pancreatitis is a special type of segmental pancreatitis. Its morphological aspects with participation of the peripheral dorsal and cranial parts of the pancreatic head, the pancreatic soft tissue, and the duodenal wall with frequent narrowing of the distal common bile duct and suprapapillar stenosis of the duodenum can be detected by means of sonography. If this type of seqmental pancreatitis is known, the suspicion of a carcinoma of the pancreatic head can be removed. PMID- 3895426 TI - [Diurnal sonographic imaging potential of the pancreas]. AB - To examine possible diurnal variations in sonographic imaging of the pancreas, 20 patients were repeatedly examined during the day and also during the night. No variations were seen in the imaging quality of the pancreas. Hence, sonography of the pancreas can be effected at any time without any preparatory work, whenever there is any pain or a significant sign in the upper abdomen. PMID- 3895427 TI - [Sonographic diagnosis of a calculus in the obstructed pancreatic duct]. AB - It is shown by means of a case report on a calculus in the dilated pancreatic duct, that abnormalities in small structures such as the pancreatic duct can be revealed by ultrasound, using current gray-scale instrumentation. PMID- 3895428 TI - [Sonographically monitored intraoperative fine-needle aspiration cytology in pancreatic diseases]. AB - Intraoperative fine needle aspiration cytology of the suspected pancreatic region was carried out in 14 patients with a preoperatively confirmed tumour of the pancreas. Sonographic assessment revealed a malignoma in six cases and chronic pancreatitis in eight cases. All sonographic findings were confirmed by puncture cytology; there was no false negative or false positive diagnosis. Fine needle aspiration cytology monitored via sonography can help to further reduce the incidence of false negative findings in intraoperative cytology and can exercise a decisive influence on surgical procedure by intraoperative sonography-monitored staging. PMID- 3895429 TI - [Ultrasonically targetted fine-needle aspiration cytology in the immediate postoperative follow-up of transplanted kidneys]. AB - From March 1982 to September 1983 62 ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration cytologies in 22 patients with cadaveric kidney transplants had been performed during the postoperative hospitalisation period. In any case it was possible to guide the needle tip into the cortico-medullary boundary or in sonolucent parenchymal areas occurring during acute cellular rejection episodes. Thus technical failures could be reduced to 6% (4 out of 22). In 79% the clinically suspected diagnosis could be confirmed by FNAC. Aspirates from circumscript sonolucent parenchymal areas allowed rejection diagnosis in 95%. In 17% cellular signs of rejection were seen cytologically despite a regular transplant function. PMID- 3895430 TI - [Basic research on impediography]. AB - Impediography, a method for ultrasonic tissue characterisation, is theoretically and exerpimentally investigated. After a short description of the mathematical formalism ("Inverse Scattering Problem"), digital processing of broadband ultrasonic signals and measuring problems are discussed. The obtained results are completed by measurements on tissue structures in vitro. The paper shows the limits of the application of impediography if inhomogenous tissue structures are present. PMID- 3895431 TI - [Sonography of malignant hemangioendothelioma of the liver]. AB - Malignant haemangioendotheliomas of the liver are very rare mesenchymal tumours. Sonographically, they appear as solitary, although more frequently as multicentric, space-occupying growths with blurred and irregularly delineated outlines; the sonographic image shows both echo-dense structures and structures with a low amount of echoes, or which are even echo-free. Short-term sonographic follow-up examinations point to a tendency to rapid growth and varying echogenicity. PMID- 3895432 TI - [Changes in the peripheral lymph nodes seen by ultrasonics]. AB - Sonographic examinations of 1 416 patients performed between 1980 and 1983 with particular reference to the inguinal, axillary and neck regions have shown that it is quite possible to effect sonographic differentiation between enlarged lymph nodes with cicatricial indurations after non-specific inflammation on the one hand, and primary lymphomas or metastases of lymph nodes on the other. In many cases, it is also possible to differentiate between the enlargement of a total lymph node (acute inflammatory, primary malignant) and metastases in a lymph node. Positive findings in the soft parts were seen in 278 patients; of these, 175 were confirmed histologically and cytologically (via puncture with sonographic control). One finding was revealed as false positive. In 102 patients the sonographic finding was confirmed by means of lymphographies (n = 12), computed tomography (n = 27) or via the subsequent clinical course, proving the fact that it is also possible to detect sonographically the ability of lymphomas to respond to treatment with antibiotics, cytostatics, and radiation; the effects can be recognised and interpreted via changes of the echo patterns. PMID- 3895433 TI - Expression of surface antigen gene of human hepatitis B virus serotype adr in Escherichia coli. AB - The construction of an expression plasmid of hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) gene from the cloned hepatitis B virus (HBV) genome subtype adr is reported. The expression products of this plasmid in E. coli were detected by means of radioimmunoassay in competitive suppression and polyacrylamide-SDS gel electrophoresis. The presence of a fusion protein containing HBsAg was confirmed. PMID- 3895434 TI - Mutagenicity of ambient aerosol collected in an urban and industrial area of The Netherlands. AB - To investigate the influence of the densely populated and heavily industrialized Rijnmond area of The Netherlands on the genotoxicity of the ambient aerosol, aerosol samples were collected at locations within the area, and at a coastal region located upwind. The mutagenicity of extracts of the samples was compared in the Salmonella/microsome test. The dependence of the effects on sampling time and on sampling location was investigated with the aid of a series of simple mathematical models. These models were also used to estimate the increase in mutagenicity above background levels at the sites in the Rijnmond area due to emissions within that area. Application of the models showed that the clear and significant increases are not merely a result of the additions of mutagens emitted, but that possibly interactions between sampling time- and location dependent factors play a role. Comparison of the results obtained with the different Ames-test variants (different strains, with and without liver homogenate) indicate that the conclusions concerning the time and location dependence of the effect were not dependent on the variant used. PMID- 3895436 TI - Glad tidings from yellow fever research. PMID- 3895435 TI - Chromosome-sized DNA molecules of Plasmodium falciparum. AB - At least seven chromosome-sized DNA molecules (750 to 2000 kilobases in length and one fraction of undetermined molecular weight) from cultured clones and isolates of Plasmodium falciparum have been separated by pulsed-field gradient gel electrophoresis. Whereas asexual blood stages and sexual stages of the same line have identical molecular karyotypes, the length of chromosome-sized DNA molecules among different geographical isolates and several clones derived from a single patient is different. These length alterations of chromosomes are the result of DNA rearrangements that must occur unrelated to sexual differentiation. PMID- 3895437 TI - Passive immunization against cachectin/tumor necrosis factor protects mice from lethal effect of endotoxin. AB - A highly specific polyclonal rabbit antiserum directed against murine cachectin/tumor necrosis factor (TNF) was prepared. When BALB/c mice were passively immunized with the antiserum or with purified immune globulin, they were protected against the lethal effect of the endotoxin lipopolysaccharide produced by Escherichia coli. The prophylactic effect was dose-dependent and was most effective when the antiserum was administered prior to the injection of the endotoxin. Antiserum to cachectin/TNF did not mitigate the febrile response of endotoxin-treated animals, and very high doses of endotoxin could overcome the protective effect. The median lethal dose of endotoxin in mice pretreated with 50 microliters of the specific antiserum was approximately 2.5 times greater the median lethal dose for controls given nonimmune serum. The data suggest that cachectin/TNF is one of the principal mediators of the lethal effect of endotoxin. PMID- 3895438 TI - Depolarization and muscarinic excitation induced in a sympathetic ganglion by vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. AB - The effects of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) in the superior cervical ganglion of the cat were studied in vitro and in vivo with sucrose gap and multiunit recording, respectively. At a dose of 0.03 to 0.12 nanomole, VIP produced a dose-dependent, prolonged (3 to 15 minutes) depolarization of the ganglion and enhanced the ganglionic depolarization elicited by the muscarinic agonist acetyl-beta-methylcholine. At a dose of 1.8 to 10 nanomoles, the peptide enhanced and prolonged the postganglionic discharge elicited by acetyl-beta methylcholine, enhanced muscarinic transmission in ganglia treated with an anticholinesterase agent, and enhanced the late muscarinic discharge elicited by acetylcholine. VIP did not affect the early nicotinic discharge elicited by acetylcholine or by electrical stimulation of the preganglionic nerve. It is concluded that VIP has a selective facilitatory action on muscarinic excitatory mechanisms in the superior cervical ganglion of the cat. PMID- 3895439 TI - The extracellular matrix in development and in disease. AB - Recent concepts suggest that there are specific interactions between cells and the components of the extracellular matrix. These are mediated via cell surface receptors for the glycoproteins, collagens, and proteoglycans of the matrix. Two types of reactions are postulated. Normal matrix components, that is, those that are indigenous to the tissue, induce functional competence in the cells. Trauma, inflammation, or related reactions induce the production of matrix components more typical of fibrotic tissues. These matrix components cause a shift in cellular activities as they engage cell receptors. Various mechanisms can prolong and augment the fibrotic response, leading to an irreversible loss of tissue structures and function. New methods are available for identifying the cells and species of matrix proteins active in disease states. PMID- 3895440 TI - Intracellular pathways of protein synthesis and secretion in the hepatocyte. AB - The multiplicity of data summarized in this review indicate a variety of signals built into the intrinsic structure of secretory, membrane-associated, and lysosomal glycoproteins, which direct these complex molecules toward specific cellular organelles. Some of these signals (such as the NH2-terminal signal segment) are discarded when the appropriate transfer has been completed. Others are retained as a permanent intrinsic component of the molecule. Although evidence has been presented that the carbohydrate moieties of glycoproteins are not essential for secretion, they probably subserve a role in the interaction of glycoproteins with membrane receptors on intracellular organelles. Undoubtedly, other examples of permanent molecular signals will be described in the future, which will provide a comprehensive picture of the integrated transport activity of the membrane channels of the secretory pathway of the hepatocyte. PMID- 3895441 TI - [A clinical study on the proximal form of complete veneer crowns--especially on the buccolingual angle of the interproximal embrasures]. PMID- 3895442 TI - Clinical perspectives in rheumatology: a review of three common forms of arthritis and results of United States trials with isoxicam. PMID- 3895444 TI - Before and after Syonan-To. We left and returned to General Hospital 1941-1946. PMID- 3895443 TI - An overview of isoxicam: a new nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. PMID- 3895445 TI - The origins of nursing in Singapore. PMID- 3895446 TI - Slow-release theophylline for the management of chronic asthma. PMID- 3895447 TI - Red-yellow marrow conversion: its effect on the location of some solitary bone lesions. AB - The location of red marrow related bone lesions is dependent upon the distribution of red marrow. It is altered by the normal conversion of red marrow to yellow (fat) marrow and by the reconversion of yellow marrow to red marrow caused by marrow infiltrating disorders or marrow stress disorders. PMID- 3895448 TI - Physician gender and the physician-patient relationship: recent evidence and relevant questions. AB - Despite criticisms of the quality of health care for women and considerable research on sex differences in illness behavior and utilization of health services, little research has addressed the potential impact of physician gender on the physician-patient relationship and its outcomes. With the entry of more women into the medical profession, opportunities to investigate effects of physician gender will increase. A theoretical rationale for expecting physician gender to affect the key dimensions of the interactive physician-patient relationship (communication of information, affective tone, negotiative quality) and its outcomes (satisfaction, compliance, health status) is presented. Physician gender might impact on the relationship through three mechanisms: sex differences among physicians, particularly with respect to sex-role attitudes; patients' different expectations of male and female physicians; or increased status congruence between physician and patient in same-sex, as compared to opposite-sex, physician-patient dyads. Recent research related to these topics is discussed and found to support the plausibility of these mechanisms of potential gender effects. Some methodological suggestions for future research are presented, including the suggestion that future research identify specific conditions under which physician gender effects might be more salient. PMID- 3895449 TI - Malaria in Liberian children and mothers: biocultural perceptions of illness vs clinical evidence of disease. AB - 1046 non-hospitalized children and mothers from various regions of Liberia were studied to determine the relationships between their indigenous perceptions of malaria illness with on-going Plasmodium parasitemia and annual incidence of clinical malaria. Eleven pediatric and 14 maternal signs and symptoms of malaria were described, ranked by cultural severity, and evaluated biomedically. Between cultural perceptions of the severity of illness and biomedical evidence of the severity of disease, significant rank order correlations are observed for children (rho = 0.713, P less than 0.01) and mothers (rho = 0.875, P less than 0.001). Clinical, parasitological and cultural concordance were observed for 'anorexia', 'joint pain', 'abdominal tenderness', 'nausea', 'chills', 'severe headache', 'stomach pain', and 'dizziness'. Five other symptoms however either over or underpredicted observed levels of biomedically confirmed malaria: 'fever', 'convulsions', 'vomiting', 'body weakness' and 'psychological distress'. Biomedical studies revealed a parasite rate among children of 68.6%, a mean annual incidence of pediatric clinical malaria of 3.12; and a mean annual incidence of maternal clinical malaria of 2.42. Clinical malaria demonstrated a very early onset among newborns and a shift in acute parasitemia to a chronic status around 2.3 years of age. A significant positive linear correlation (r = 0.75, P less than 0.01) was observed between parasitological and clinical measures of malaria in children. The indigenous perspectives on malaria and the biomedically predictive powers of various biocultural symptoms are discussed and evaluated as an integrative and valuable means of assessing the impact of malaria in an endemic region. PMID- 3895450 TI - [The beginnings of the Institute of Forensic Medicine in Bratislava]. AB - At the beginning of October 1919 doc. MUDr. Frantisek Prokop came to Bratislava to organize and build the Institute of Forensic Medicine of the Medical Faculty of the Comenius University. The submitted investigation, based on assembled documents, gives an account of the existence and activities of this department. The Institute had to be built from scratch; during the first years it was inadequately equipped and understaffed. In 1925 MUDr. Herman Krsek became one of the assistants and in 1935 he was awarded the title of reader in forensic medicine. PMID- 3895451 TI - Aortic valve endocarditis due to Salmonella enteritidis. AB - We have reported the fifth case of endocarditis due to Salmonella enteritidis and the first known survivor of native aortic valve endocarditis from this pathogen. Despite appropriate antibiotic therapy, aortic valve replacement was necessary because of heart failure and embolism. The patient also had concurrent viral hepatitis B infection. PMID- 3895452 TI - Isolated systolic hypertension: how common? How risky? AB - The following summary of the physiologic and epidemiologic evidence may help the clinician in making decisions when caring for persons with ISH: ISH is predominantly found in older age groups, being present in 1% to 4% of the population under age 40, 10% to 15% between ages 60 and 70, and 25% to 30% over age 70. ISH is more prevalent in women than in men. The development of ISH in the aged is associated with a decrease in arterial compliance. The relationship whereby ISH is both a cause and a result of atherosclerotic vessels needs further delineation. Neurohumoral factors also have a part in determining arterial compliance. An elevated SBP is an important contributor to the risk of developing coronary artery disease, and in persons over 45 years old it is a more powerful predictor of coronary events than DBP. SBP is a better discriminator of risk for strokes at all ages than DBP is. The relative risk in persons with ISH for the development of coronary artery disease and stroke is two to five times that of normotensive persons, but is no worse than the risk for these events among treated hypertensives. Although the relative risk of ISH is not strikingly large, the high prevalence of ISH among aged individuals, the increasing size of the population over 65 years old, and the high incidence rate of cardiovascular events in the aged give ISH a sizable attributable risk in the population (13 to 28 deaths per 1,000 individuals). It remains to be shown that lowering SBP in ISH removes the risk of ISH. Studies are needed that monitor the costs and adverse effects of therapy as well as the possible benefits when a condition such as ISH is most commonly seen in the aged. PMID- 3895454 TI - Present status of malaria in Thailand. PMID- 3895453 TI - Dietary control of diabetes: reality or myth? AB - Recognition of the condition of diabetes mellitus and speculation as to its dietary treatment spans the period from its earliest mention in the Papyrus Ebers, before Christ, to the most recent publication of the American Diabetes Association. The relationship of carbohydrates to protein, fats, and total calories has consistently engaged the minds of clinicians over the centuries. Various combinations have been used, some highly unpalatable and some bordering on starvation; but to date our knowledge regarding the metabolic consequences of various dietary regimens is incomplete and in need of further research. The composition of a diet that will result in the best blood glucose control for diabetic persons is uncertain and controversial. Whether dietary changes can significantly delay or prevent long-term complications of diabetes has also been questioned. The insistence that a diabetic person rigidly adhere to a specific diet cannot be defended scientifically. PMID- 3895455 TI - Nimbolide, a constituent of Azadirachta indica, inhibits Plasmodium falciparum in culture. AB - The terpenoid lactone nimbolide, the structure of which has been unambiguously established, was found to inhibit Plasmodium falciparum in culture with a moderate potency. The EC50 against the parasite line K1 from Thailand was approximately 2.0 microM (0.95 microgram/ml). The EC50 of crude aqueous extract of Azadirachta indica var. siamensis (Sadao tree), was 115 micrograms/ml, and of crude ethanol extract was 5.0 micrograms/ml. Since nimbolide is a major constituent in these extracts, it could account substantially for their inhibitory activity. However, neither the crude extracts nor nimbolide showed any activity in vivo against Plasmodium berghei in the mouse either through ingestion (746 mg aqueous extract, 62.5 mg ethanol extract or 12.5 mg nimbolide/kg/day), or subcutaneous injection (93 mg aqueous extract, 31 mg ethanol extract or 12.5 mg nimbolide/kg/day). PMID- 3895456 TI - Biochemical characterization of E. coli transconjugants with plasmids derived from Klebsiella pneumoniae. AB - Sixty-three strains of E. coli transconjugants derived from E. coli K12 J62-1 containing plasmids derived from Klebsiella pneumoniae, were examined for the presence of phenotypic markers other than antibiotic resistance. This investigation was carried out using API 50CHE and API ZYM tests. Beta-glucosidase was found in 63/63 J62-1 transconjugants. Dulcitol dehydrogenase was present in 92.1% while beta-galactosidase was present in 70% of transconjugants. None of the three enzymes were present in the recipient. Dulcitol dehydrogenase was present only in the transconjugants and is absent from the donors and recipient. The transconjugants, cured of their antibiotic resistant plasmids retained dulcitol dehydrogenase activity. The Klebsiella donors were not cured of antibiotic resistance by the curing process. PMID- 3895457 TI - [A diuretic, oxodolin, in the treatment of hypertension]. PMID- 3895458 TI - [Echographic diagnosis of tumors of the posterior cranial fossa]. PMID- 3895459 TI - [Role of calcium antagonists in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases]. PMID- 3895461 TI - [Principles of studying the immune system]. PMID- 3895460 TI - [Chemotherapy of cancer of the large intestine]. PMID- 3895462 TI - [Ultrasonic method of examination in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal diseases]. PMID- 3895463 TI - Thymidylate metabolism in fragile X syndrome cells. AB - The observation that decreased thymidylate supply in vitro induces the expression of the Xq27 chromosome fragile site prompted us to examine cellular thymidylate metabolism. Using a sensitive enzyme assay for deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates, we found that the total cellular thymidine triphosphate pools in cell lines from fragile X patients and carriers do not differ from normal controls under either basal or folate-deficient conditions. This agrees with our earlier observation that the thymidylate synthase enzyme activities in crude cell extracts of five fragile X syndrome lymphoblast lines do not differ from those in normal controls under standard assay conditions. Although a difference in the amount of thymidine triphosphate available at the replication fork for DNA synthesis remains a possibility, our results indicate that a readily demonstrable defect in thymidylate metabolism is not present in fragile X syndrome cells. PMID- 3895464 TI - BCG immunotherapy in superficial cancer of the bladder. PMID- 3895465 TI - Immune plasma complicates determination of sensitivity of malaria to chloroquine. PMID- 3895466 TI - The professions associated with medicine--allied or alienated. PMID- 3895467 TI - [Juvenile osteopetrosis: a case report]. AB - A 31/2-month-old girl with juvenile osteopetrosis is described. She presented with failure to thrive, a blocked nose, anaemia and hepatosplenomegaly and had dense sclerotic bones on radiography. This disease, which is potentially lethal, may be cured by bone marrow transplantation in selected cases. PMID- 3895468 TI - Effect of mycolase and amphotericin B on Candida albicans and Candida pseudotropicalis in vitro and in vivo. AB - A mixture of enzymes (mycolase) capable of lysing yeast cell walls was prepared from culture filtrates of Physarum polycephalum. The enzymes present in mycolase included chitinase, beta-1,3-glucanases and exo-glycosidases. The pH optima of these enzymes were in the range 3.5-5.0 and they had low activities at pH 7.0. Mycolase produced spheroplasts from Candida pseudotropicalis and, unlike commercial enzyme preparations such as L1, chitinase, beta, 1,3-glucanase and beta-glucosidase, had some candicidal activity in vitro against C. pseudotropicalis and C. albicans. Mycolase potentiated the antifungal activity of amphotericin B against C. pseudotropicalis grown in shake flask culture but did not potentiate the antifungal activity of the antibiotic against similar cultures of C. albicans; indeed antagonism between mycolase and amphotericin B was sometimes observed with the latter yeast. Mycolase caused an approximately two fold increase in the total and viable counts of cultures of C. albicans inoculated with stationary phase cells. These increases, which were observed within about 30 min, were attributed to mycolase inducing the premature release of viable buds from 'lag' phase cells. Mycolase also increased the rate at which C. albicans formed germ tubes when the yeast was cultured in a medium containing serum. Mycolase alone or in combination with amphotericin B did not appreciably enhance phagocytosis or intracellular killing of the yeasts by unstimulated mouse peritoneal macrophages. Studies on mice infected systemically with C. albicans showed that mycolase only slightly enhanced amphotericin B therapy. PMID- 3895469 TI - Purification and partial characterization of an exocellular proteinase from Trichophyton rubrum. AB - An exocellular proteinase produced by Trichophyton rubrum in a glucose-peptone broth was purified from lyophilized and dialysed culture filtrate of the dermatophyte by Sephadex G-100 gel filtration and preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The purified enzyme was a homogeneous protein of molecular weight 34700 and it could hydrolyse azoalbumin, casein, bovine serum albumin, alpha-N-benzoyl-L-arginine ethyl ester and p-toluenesulfonyl-L-arginine methyl ester but not N-benzoyl-L-tyrosine ethyl ester, alpha-N-benzoyl-DL-arginine-p nitroanilide and keratin. The enzyme showed an alkaline pH optimum and was not activated by divalent metal ions but inhibited strongly by phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride. Thus the enzyme was identified as an alkaline serine proteinase. PMID- 3895470 TI - [Prosthesis designed for a lower right 1st and 2d molar defect]. PMID- 3895471 TI - [Prosthesis designed for upper central and lateral incisor defects]. PMID- 3895472 TI - [Prosthesis designed for upper lateral and central incisor defects]. PMID- 3895473 TI - [Prosthesis designed for upper central and lateral incisor defects]. PMID- 3895474 TI - [Prosthesis designed for an upper right canine and 2d incisor defect]. PMID- 3895475 TI - [Prosthesis designed for upper right lateral incisor and upper left lateral incisor and canine defects]. PMID- 3895476 TI - [Prosthesis designed for lower right 1st and 2d molars and lower left 1st and 2nd premolars and 1st and 2d molar defects]. PMID- 3895477 TI - [Prosthesis designed for upper right 1st and 2d molars and upper left incisors, 2d premolar and 1st and 2d molar defects]. PMID- 3895478 TI - [Free-end prosthesis for defects of the lower right 1st molar, central and lateral incisors and lower left 2d premolar and 1st and 2d molar defects]. PMID- 3895479 TI - [Free-end prosthesis for defects of the lower right 1st and 2d molar and 2d premolar and the lower left 1st and 2d premolar and 1st and 2d molars]. PMID- 3895480 TI - [Prosthesis designed for upper right 1st and 2d molars, 1st premolar and canine, upper left 2d molar and lower left 1st and 2d molar defects]. PMID- 3895481 TI - [Free-end prosthesis for defects of the lower right 1st and 2d molars, 2d premolar and the lower left 1st and 2d molars]. PMID- 3895482 TI - [Free-end prosthesis for a lower left 1st and 2d molar defect]. PMID- 3895483 TI - [Free-end prosthesis for complete upper edentulousness and lower right 1st and 2d molar, 1st and 2d premolar and lower left 1st and 2d molar defects]. PMID- 3895484 TI - [Prosthesis for crossbite: a case with the remaining upper right quadrant and lower left canine, 1st and 2d premolars and 1st and 2d molars]. PMID- 3895485 TI - [Prosthesis for crossbite: a case with the remaining upper right 2d molar, upper left 2d premolar, 1st and 2d molars and lower premolars, canines and incisors]. PMID- 3895486 TI - [Prosthesis for crossbite: a case with the remaining upper left canine, 1st and 2d premolars, the lower right 1st and 2d premolars and lower canines and incisors]. PMID- 3895487 TI - [Prosthesis for crossbite: a case with the remaining upper right molars and premolars and the lower left incisors, canine and premolars]. PMID- 3895488 TI - [Prosthesis for crossbite: a case with the remaining upper molars and premolars and the lower canines and incisors]. PMID- 3895489 TI - [Prosthesis for the partially edentulous jaw: a case with only the lower left canine and 2d molar remaining]. PMID- 3895490 TI - [Prosthesis for the partially edentulous jaw: a case with only the upper right 1st premolar and canine remaining]. PMID- 3895491 TI - [Prosthesis for the partially edentulous jaw: a case with the remaining upper left 1st molar and lower 2d premolars, central and lateral incisors and lower left 3d molar]. PMID- 3895492 TI - [Prosthesis for the partially edentulous jaw: a case with the remaining lower right 1st and 2d molars, canine teeth, central and lateral incisors]. PMID- 3895493 TI - [Prosthesis for the partially edentulous jaw: a case with the remaining lower canines and incisors]. PMID- 3895494 TI - [Prosthesis for the partially edentulous jaw: a case with the remaining lower right 1st premolar and lower left incisors]. PMID- 3895495 TI - [Prosthesis for the partially edentulous jaw: a case with the remaining upper canines and the upper left 1st premolar]. PMID- 3895496 TI - [Simple method for obtaining bite impressions]. PMID- 3895497 TI - [How to design guide planes]. PMID- 3895498 TI - [Formation of the rest seat]. PMID- 3895499 TI - [Surveying cast crowns]. PMID- 3895500 TI - [Management of exostoses in prosthesis designing]. PMID- 3895501 TI - [Sublingual bar in the designing of prosthetics]. PMID- 3895502 TI - [Finish-line designing]. PMID- 3895503 TI - [Lingual front edges of denture bases]. PMID- 3895504 TI - [Management of shallow eruptions]. PMID- 3895505 TI - [Management of inclined teeth]. PMID- 3895506 TI - [Management of the solitary tooth in partial dentures]. PMID- 3895507 TI - [Management of mobile teeth]. PMID- 3895508 TI - [The clasp and the gingival edge]. PMID- 3895509 TI - [Reinforcing resin denture bases with adhesive resins and cobalt chromium clasp wires]. PMID- 3895510 TI - [Clasps with greater esthetic appeal]. PMID- 3895511 TI - [Morphology and functions of partial dentures]. PMID- 3895512 TI - [Retention, support and stability of partial dentures]. PMID- 3895513 TI - [How to proceed with denture design]. PMID- 3895514 TI - [Prosthesis design for defects of the lower left 1st and 2d molars]. PMID- 3895515 TI - [Prosthesis design for defects of the lower left 1st and 2d molars]. PMID- 3895516 TI - [Prosthesis designed for defects of the lower left 1st and 2d molars]. PMID- 3895517 TI - [Prosthesis designed for an upper right 1st and 2nd premolar defect]. PMID- 3895518 TI - [Prosthesis designed for an upper right 1st and 2d molar defect]. PMID- 3895519 TI - [Prosthesis designed for an upper right 1st and 2d molar defect]. PMID- 3895520 TI - [Prosthesis designed for lower right 1st molar and 1st and 2d premolar defects]. PMID- 3895521 TI - [Prosthesis designed for lower left 1st and 2d premolar and 1st molar defects]. PMID- 3895522 TI - [Prosthesis designed for a lower left 1st and 2d molar defect]. PMID- 3895523 TI - [Partial denture, its technics and problems]. PMID- 3895525 TI - [The collarless ceramometal crown]. PMID- 3895524 TI - [Bonded bridges]. PMID- 3895526 TI - [Prosthodontic procedures for cleft palate patients and clinical observations- 3]. PMID- 3895527 TI - [Safety of toothpastes]. PMID- 3895528 TI - [Miscellaneous records of medico-dental and pharmacological history. 63. Secret book on oral medicine published in 1762. 3]. PMID- 3895529 TI - Fifty years of operations in the Social Security Administration. PMID- 3895530 TI - Actuarial status of the HI and SMI Trust Funds. AB - This article is adapted from the Summary of the 1985 Annual REPORTS of the Medicare Board of Trustees. It presents the actuarial status of the Hospital Insurance (HI) and the Supplementary Medical Insurance (SMI) Trust Funds. Two actions favorably affecting the financial status of the HI Trust Fund have occurred since the publication of the 1984 REPORTS: (1) Fiscal year 1986 hospital payment rates will continue at the same level as in fiscal year 1985, and (2) the level of the annual increase in the rates that can be granted without specific justification has been reduced. Despite these two actions, the Board found that the present financing schedule is barely sufficient to ensure payment of benefits through the late 1990's if the assumptions underlying the estimates are realized. The Board found the SMI program to be financially sound, but it noted with concern the rapid growth in the cost of the program. For both HI and SMI, the Board recommends that Congress consider ways to curtail the rapid growth in program costs. PMID- 3895531 TI - The evolution of privacy and disclosure policy in the Social Security Administration. PMID- 3895532 TI - One row anastomosis in colonic operations with antibiotic prophylaxis. AB - Eighty-nine patients who underwent elective operations and 26 patients who underwent nonelective operations for diseases of the large intestine were studied for mortality and morbidity. In the patients who underwent elective operations, there was no anastomotic leakage or wound infection and only 1 per cent mortality. Additionally, 2 per cent nonfatal surgical complications were observed. In patients who underwent nonelective operation, a morbidity of 46.2 per cent and a mortality of 15.0 per cent were observed. Fourteen patients with acute illness were without serious complications postoperatively. All anastomoses except two were one row in elective operations without protective colostomy. All patients who underwent elective operation received antibiotic prophylaxis-a combination of cefotaxime and metronidazole. PMID- 3895533 TI - Splenorrhaphy with a Surgicel Avitene bolus. PMID- 3895534 TI - The Northwestern Connection with the Reticular Formation. PMID- 3895535 TI - Prostacyclin and thromboxane A2 moderate postischemic renal failure. AB - Since prostacyclin (PGI2) is known to regulate renal cortical blood flow and since ischemia stimulates thromboxane (Tx) A2 synthesis, the role of these prostanoids in moderating the response to renal ischemia was studied in the rat. At baseline, plasma TxB2 concentration in untreated animals (n = 13) was 357 pg/ml. The left renal pedicle was clamped for 45 minutes after a right nephrectomy (n = 16), which led after 5 minutes of reperfusion to a rise in TxB2 to 2825 pg/ml (p less than 0.001), but there was no change in 6-keto-PGF1 alpha. After 24 hours creatinine levels rose from 0.4 to 3.0 mg/dl (p less than 0.001), and left renal weight rose from 94% to 117% (p less than 0.001) relative to the weight of the right kidney. In nephrectomized but nonischemic sham control rats (n = 7), creatinine level was 0.9 mg/dl and kidney weight 91% after 24 hours. Pretreatment with OKY 046 (n = 13) (2 mg/kg administered intravenously) blocked ischemia-induced TxB2 synthesis, while 6-keto-PGF1 alpha levels rose from 96 to 302 pg/ml (p less than 0.001). There was no increase in creatinine levels or kidney weight relative to the sham group. Pretreatment with ibuprofen (n = 10) (12 mg/kg) or OKY 046 and ibuprofen (n = 9) inhibited TxB2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha synthesis, but creatinine levels and renal weight rose (p less than 0.001). Renal histology in OKY 046-pretreated animals was equal to that in nephrectomized controls, while all other ischemic groups showed tubular necrosis. Results indicate that a high PGI2/TxA2 ratio protects against renal ischemia. PMID- 3895536 TI - Control of gastric vascular resistance in cardiogenic shock. AB - That local splanchnic ischemia is associated with the acute gastric "stress" erosions seen in shock is well established. The hemodynamic mechanism mediating that ischemia is unknown. Pericardial tamponade was produced in anesthetized pigs while hemodynamic parameters were monitored in the systemic circulation as a whole and in the vascular beds of the celiac and left gastric arteries, respectively. Stepwise increases in pericardial pressure produced progressive decreases in arterial pressure and cardiac output (i.e., reproducible, quantitable, and rapidly reversible levels of cardiogenic shock). This produced a profound reduction in blood flow in the celiac and gastric beds that was significantly disproportionate to the reduction in cardiac output. This was due to significant increases in celiac and gastric vascular resistance that were more than twice as great as those seen in the systemic circulation as a whole (i.e., selective splanchnic vasoconstriction). This response was abolished by ablation of the renin-angiotensin axis, whether by bilateral nephrectomy, captopril, or saralasin, and mimicked, without tamponade, by the infusion of angiotensin II. Levels of celiac artery blood flow and resistance correlated significantly with endogenous levels of plasma renin activity. On the other hand, this response was not abolished by confirmed alpha-adrenergic blockade (phenoxybenzamine) or by sympathectomy. In this model, cardiogenic shock produces regional splanchnic ischemia in the celiac and gastric vascular beds by inducing a severe and disproportionate vasospasm that is mediated primarily by the renin-angiotensin axis. PMID- 3895537 TI - The influence of ultraviolet irradiation on the blood transfusion effect. AB - Reports of improved survival of allografts in recipients of donor-specific blood prompted an attempt to determine the relationship of the antigenic composition of the blood product transfused to the development of immunologic unresponsiveness in rats. Cardiac allografts were transplanted from Fischer, Brown-Norway (BN), and Lewis (L) X BN (LBN) f1 hybrids to recipients treated with three weekly transfusions of 1 ml of donor-specific whole blood, erythrocytes, or ultraviolet irradiated whole blood. Despite moderate improvement in survival with whole blood alone in the LBN- greater than L group (11.6 +/- 1.0 days), it was only with the ultraviolet-irradiated whole blood that marked prolongation was seen in all three strain combinations: Fischer- greater than L: 25.5 +/- 5.2, LBN- greater than L: 17.3 +/- 1.2, and BN- greater than L: 11.1 +/- 0.4 days compared with respective controls: 10.3 +/- 1.2, 7.3 +/- 0.5, and 7.4 +/- 0.6 days. Unlike reports for renal allografts, erythrocyte suspensions provided minimal protection for the cardiac allografts (14.2 +/- 0.8, 9.0 +/- 1.1, and 11.0 +/- 0.4 days, respectively), and adjunctive treatment with antilymphocyte serum had a similar small effect (16.3 +/- 1.4, 13.4 +/- 1.9, and 8.3 +/- 0.8 days, respectively). The elimination or inactivation of functional class 2 major histocompatibility complex antigens from the blood used for donor-specific blood transfusion may be an effective means of prolonging allograft survivals over those seen with whole blood alone; however, the degree of resultant unresponsiveness is still clearly influenced by dosage schedule, the organ transplanted, histocompatibility barrier, and adjunctive immunosuppression. PMID- 3895538 TI - Host-graft relationship: the systemic nature of allograft rejection. AB - The interdependence between immunologic events occurring within acutely rejecting rat cardiac allografts and those in host lymphoid tissues were studied. To evaluate cellular dynamics of allograft infiltration, 111In-labeled thoracic duct lymphocytes from Lewis rats were administered intravenously daily (0 to 7 days after transplantation) to (Lewis X BN)F1 heart-grafted unmodified Lewis rats, sacrificed 24 hours later. Accumulation of thoracic duct lymphocytes in the allografts peaked 4 to 5 days after transplantation. To evaluate whether these changes at the graft site were sufficient to carry on the rejection response in the absence of a sustained host immunologic drive, acutely rejecting (Lewis X BN)F1 cardiac allografts were retransplanted serially at days 1 through 5 into normal syngeneic animals. All these regrafts survived greater than 100 days. Neither infusion of interleukin-2-conditioned medium (100 IU for 7 days intravenously) into regrafted hosts nor preoperative perfusion of the retransplanted hearts with interleukin-2-conditioned medium (300 IU) could complete the rejection process. Using flow cytometry analysis, we then assessed the phenotypic alterations of the mononuclear cells infiltrating the graft. The ratio of T helper: T cytotoxic/suppressor cells, which at day 3 was 1.57, inverted abruptly to 0.67 by days 5 to 6. After retransplantation a dramatic depression in T-lymphocyte subsets occurred, particularly affecting the T cytotoxic/suppressor phenotype. Trafficking studies revealed that the T cells that left the regrafts migrated mainly to spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes and away from bone marrow and peripheral blood of the syngeneic secondary recipients. Finally, histologic manifestations of acute rejection at days 4 to 5 virtually reversed themselves after regrafting. These studies emphasize the systemic nature of the rejection cascade, which depends fully on the host lymphoid system; even late changes in the graft microenvironment are not sufficient to produce final immunologic destruction. PMID- 3895539 TI - Mismatched living, related donor renal transplantation: a prospective, randomized study. AB - A prospective, randomized study of 49 mismatched living, related donor renal transplants was undertaken to compare the effect of donor-specific transfusions (DST) combined with conventional immunosuppressive therapy (azathioprine, prednisone, and antilymphoblast globulin) to cyclosporine and prednisone with and without use of prior DST. The results demonstrated that cyclosporine and prednisone without DST have equal patient and graft survival rates after transplantation and an equal incidence of infectious complications and rejection episodes when compared with recipients who received DST and conventional therapy. Patients who received DST and subsequent cyclosporine had poor graft survival rates with more rejection episodes and infectious complications. Hospitalization and the relative cost of transplantation were decreased when recipients received cyclosporine without prior DST. It is concluded that cyclosporine allows easier access to transplantation, is more cost effective in the initial posttransplant period, and does not subject the recipient to the risk of donor sensitization as is seen with DST recipients given conventional therapy. The nephrotoxic side effects of cyclosporine have been minimal and renal function remains excellent in the recipients treated with cyclosporine. PMID- 3895540 TI - Efficacy of type-specific and cross-reactive murine monoclonal antibodies directed against endotoxin during experimental sepsis. AB - To study the role of antibodies in promoting survival during gram-negative bacterial sepsis, we have developed several murine monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). One MAb (5B10) reacted in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with only a single organism (Escherichia coli 0111:B4), while the other (8A1) reacted to all gram negative whole-cell and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) antigens examined. Either 5B10 MAb, 8A1 MAb, or sterile saline solution was administered intravenously to outbred male Swiss-Webster mice immediately before one of three challenges: (1) viable bacteria intravenously, (2) viable bacteria with hemoglobin intraperitoneally, or (3) intravenous actinomycin D plus LPS. 5B10 MAb provided significant protection against either an E. coli 0111:B4 bacterial or LPS challenge but not against any other organism or type of LPS. 8A1 MAb provided protection against several challenge bacteria (intravenously or intraperitoneally) and against all types of LPS studied except Pseudomonas aeruginosa LPS. A higher dose (2 mg) of cross-reactive antibody (8A1 MAb) was required to produce protection when compared with the type-specific protection produced with 5B10 MAb (0.1 mg). Although ideal antibody therapy would consist of directing a specific MAb against a single microorganism, the acute nature of the disease process and time required to prepare reagents may preclude the use of type-specific MAbs. We believe that the cross-reactive and cross-protective capacity of 8A1 MAb or a similar MAb may be useful in averting the lethal effects of clinical gram-negative bacterial sepsis and warrants testing in the clinical setting. PMID- 3895541 TI - Limited effects of prostaglandin inhibitors in Escherichia coli sepsis. AB - Responses to bacteremia include fever, leukocytosis, elaboration of acute-phase proteins, hypoferremia, and increased protein catabolism. To evaluate the role of prostaglandins in the mediation of these responses, the effects of intravenous ibuprofen (12.5 mg/kg X dose) were studied in eight dogs infused with live Escherichia coli. Thirteen dogs served as noninfected controls. Two of the eight animals that received ibuprofen died during the study, whereas all control animals with sepsis survived. Prostaglandin inhibition prevented the rise in temperature resulting from sepsis, while alterations in white cell count, C reactive protein, and serum iron levels were unaffected. In addition, protein catabolism appeared to be similar in both groups. This minimal metabolic effect coupled with observed renal side effects makes the use of nonsteroidal, anti inflammatory agents in sepsis of questionable benefit. PMID- 3895542 TI - The induction of interleukin-1 in humans and its metabolic effects. AB - To investigate the metabolic effects of interleukin-1 and its role as a mediator of host responses to trauma and sepsis, we injected seven healthy male subjects with etiocholanolone, an inflammatory agent that stimulates systemic responses thought to be mediated by interleukin-1. The subjects were fed a constant diet during each 4-day study and received three daily intramuscular injections of etiocholanolone, 0.10 mg/kg. Etiocholanolone injection resulted in inflammation, fever, leukocytosis, increased serum C-reactive protein, hypoferremia, and increased plasma activity of interleukin-1/lymphocyte-activating factor. Plasma concentrations of the counterregulatory hormones were normal. Protein metabolism, as reflected in nitrogen balance, 15N turnover, and forearm flux of alanine and glutamine, was unaltered. Serum glucose and insulin levels and tissue responsiveness to insulin were normal. This dissociation of acute-phase and catabolic responses may reflect the magnitude of the stimulus; higher levels of interleukin-1 may initiate catabolic responses. Alternatively, other mediators such as the counterregulatory hormones may direct the catabolic responses that occur after injury and sepsis. PMID- 3895543 TI - Experimental pancreas allograft rejection: correlation between histologic and functional rejection and the efficacy of antirejection therapy. AB - In this study the sequence of histologic changes in rejecting pancreatic allografts was correlated with the recurrence of hyperglycemia to evaluate the usefulness of serum glucose monitoring in pancreas transplantation. In addition, various immunosuppressive agents were evaluated for their efficacy in reversing rejection. Diabetic (streptozocin) Lewis rats were recipients of histoincompatible Lewis X Brown Norway F1 pancreatic grafts, which uniformly resulted in a fall in serum glucose levels from greater than 400 mg/dl to less than 150 mg/dl. Specimens were examined daily from the time of transplantation to determine the time of earliest histologic rejection. Functional rejection was defined as a rise in serum glucose levels to greater than 200 mg/dl and occurred at 8.5 +/- 0.8 days in the control group. Histologic evidence for rejection was present by day 3 as a perivascular lymphoid infiltrate while islets remained normal. Extensive cellular rejection of the exocrine tissue occurred by day 6 when most recipients were still normoglycemic. Complete pancreatic destruction was present by day 9. Antirejection therapy with methylprednisolone (MP), antithymocyte serum (ATS), or cyclosporine (CS) started at the time of recurrent hyperglycemia (days 8 or 9) and was uniformly unsuccessful in prolonging graft survival, with mean survival times of 8.3 +/- 0.8 (MP), 9.0 +/- 0.7 (ATS), and 9.3 +/- 0.4 (CS). In contrast, either ATS or CS but not MP begun on day 3, when histologic rejection was first observed, significantly prolonged graft survival to greater than 11 days in most recipients. We conclude that islet destruction is irreversible by the time that marked elevation in serum glucose levels occurs and therefore a more sensitive measure of pancreas rejection is needed. Furthermore, ATS and CS are more effective than are corticosteroids in reversing early rejection. PMID- 3895544 TI - Casting accuracy of a nickel and beryllium-free cobalt-chromium alloy for crown and bridge prostheses and resin-bonded bridges. AB - In the 1970's economic factors dictated the development of alternatives to gold alloys in dentistry in the USA and in Europe. A similar development has not occurred in Sweden because of different laws. Alloys that contain nickel and beryllium present a health hazard and are therefore of little interest to the Swedish market. A review of the literature shows that castings of base-metal alloys are less accurate than castings of conventional gold alloys and of low gold alloys. However, in long-span-bridges and in thin resin-bonded cast restorations, their physical and mechanical properties are superior to those of the gold alloys. In this study the casting accuracy of a nickel- and beryllium free cobalt-chromium alloy, Neobond II Special, is investigated. Neobond II Special was found to be less accurate than Sjodings C-guld. The marginal discrepancies of the castings were small, however, when the castings were oversized. It also proved to be technique sensitive to conventional dental laboratory procedures. Thus, it seems difficult to get castings with an acceptable retention as well as small marginal discrepancies when using the base metal alloy. PMID- 3895545 TI - Effect on caries of different fluoride prophylactic programs in preschool children. A two year clinical study. AB - 376 three-year old children were divided into four experimental groups and exposed to different combinations of preventive programs for a period of two years. All the groups were given the same basic prophylactic information. Additionally Group I received fluoride tablets (FLUDENT) for daily sucking twice a day plus a placebo dentifrice free of fluoride. Group II was given a fluoride dentifrice containing 0.025% F, (ACTA). Group III was given a placebo dentifrice plus fluoride varnish (Duraphat) twice a year. Group IV a fluoride dentifrice containing 0.025% F (ACTA) plus fluoride varnish (Duraphat) twice a year. No statistically significant difference in caries increment during the two experimental years was found between the groups. A tendency to lower caries increment was found in Group IV, i.e. in the children using the low fluoride dentifrice and treated twice a year with fluoride varnish. PMID- 3895546 TI - [Alternative therapy. Man and his environment should be seen as one continuum]. PMID- 3895547 TI - [Therapeutic services in the Red Army during World War II 1941-1945]. PMID- 3895548 TI - [Internists during the war (on the 40th anniversary of the victory in World War II)]. PMID- 3895549 TI - [Criteria and methods of etiological diagnosis of acute and chronic inflammatory processes in the lungs]. AB - The clinical, bacteriological, cytological, serological and allergological data were analyzed in 376 patients with acute pneumonia and chronic bronchitis to study the diagnostic importance of the microorganisms isolated from the sputum. The informativeness of the methods was estimated by correlation of the appropriate data with the data of the final verified diagnosis of the inflammatory process in the lungs. Bacterioscopy of the sputum smear stained according to Gram, bioassay on mice, determination of bacterial concentration per ml sputum, allergic tests with bacterial allergens were found to be the most reliable methods as regards the etiological diagnosis of acute pneumonias. It should be mentioned that bacterioscopy is an early criterion of the disease etiology. Criteria of the etiological significance of bacteria which cause exacerbation of chronic bronchitis encompass the measurement of bacterial concentration per ml sputum, indirect immunofluorescence with autostrains of the isolated bacteria and the bioassay. Early criteria include the first two methods. PMID- 3895550 TI - [Immunologic phenotype of blast cells in the diagnosis of myeloblastic leukemias]. AB - A study was made of immunologic cell markers in 32 patients with acute myeloid leukemia by indirect immunofluorescence with the aid of xenogeneic antisera and monoclonal antibodies obtained by the authors. Ia-like antigen demonstrated by monoclonal antisera IKO-I expressed in myeloblastic leukemia with maturation in myelomonoblastic leukemia and in all patients with monoblastic leukemia. Antigen of EK-cells demonstrated by monoclonal antibodies IKO-II was found in 10 out of 18 patients. The number of antigen positive cells correlated with the number of monoblasts. One out of 22 patients showed 19% of cells which express with OLL antigen. In 2 out of 18 cases, the blast cells carried T-cell antigens. A remission was attained in 1 out of these 2 patients treated similarly to patients with OLL. PMID- 3895551 TI - [Noninvasive study methods in osteoporosis]. PMID- 3895552 TI - [Choice of therapeutic treatment in primary hyperthyroidism]. PMID- 3895553 TI - The alveolar macrophage. PMID- 3895554 TI - Differences in responsiveness to hyperventilation and methacholine in asthma and chronic bronchitis. AB - In a previous study on 27 patients with chronic bronchitis we found that only three developed bronchoconstriction in response to hyperventilation of cold, dry air despite an increased responsiveness to methacholine inhalation. We therefore investigated bronchial responsiveness to hyperventilation with cold, dry air and methacholine in 27 patients with stable asthma who had a similar range of baseline FEV1 values but who developed bronchoconstriction that could be reversed to give an FEV1 more than 70% of the predicted value. Baseline FEV1 was 0.88-3.98 l (37-114% predicted). All but one subject developed bronchoconstriction in response to hyperventilation. There was a linear relationship between baseline FEV1 and response to methacholine (r2 = 0.37, p less than 0.001) and the relationship was significantly different from that found in the bronchitic subjects (F2.50 = 24.94, p less than 0.001). In general, the response to methacholine was greater in the asthmatic than in the bronchitic subjects for any baseline FEV1. The results suggest that there are different mechanisms underlying the increased responsiveness to methacholine in asthma and chronic bronchitis. PMID- 3895556 TI - [Theoretical uncertainties and empirical truths in drug monitoring]. PMID- 3895555 TI - Increased responsiveness to methacholine and histamine after challenge with ultrasonically nebulised water in asthmatic subjects. AB - Responsiveness to inhaled methacholine was compared before and 40-60 minutes after a challenge with ultrasonically nebulised water (UNH2O) in 16 asthmatic patients. The sensitivity to methacholine increased after UNH2O challenge (p less than 0.001). The mean dose of methacholine producing a 20% fall in forced expiratory volume in one second was 0.4 (95% confidence limits 0.2, 0.8) mumol, compared with 0.9 (95% confidence limits 0.5, 1.6) mumol in the first methacholine challenge. When the study was repeated in six asthmatic patients with histamine substituted for methacholine, five of the patients were significantly more sensitive to histamine after UNH2O challenge. It is concluded that challenge with UNH2O produces an increase in airway responsiveness. PMID- 3895557 TI - [Toxic hepatitis caused by captopril]. PMID- 3895558 TI - Influence of cyproheptadine on endotoxin-induced disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) in weaned pigs. AB - Changes in the coagulation system typical of consumption reaction, microthrombosis in the lungs and other organs and haemodynamic disturbances caused by infusion of endotoxin in weaned pigs were prevented by treatment with the serotonin receptor antagonist cyproheptadine. PMID- 3895559 TI - The effect of dihydroergotamine on various platelet function tests and venous prostacyclin-formation in men. PMID- 3895560 TI - Antithrombin III in renal transplant recipients. AB - Antithrombin III (AT III) is increased in situations where there is increased platelet turnover. Plasma AT III levels measured in 39 renal transplant recipients were significantly higher than in 20 healthy subjects (p less than 0.001) and 20 patient controls (p less than 0.025). AT III levels were significantly correlated with the patients' platelet counts (r = 0.4, p less than 0.02). Transplant patients with less than 1 year follow up had significantly higher AT III levels than patients with more than 1 year follow up (p less than 0.01). All 5 patients with transplant rejection in the study had elevated plasma AT III levels. The data suggest that elevation of plasma AT III may be related to graft rejection. PMID- 3895561 TI - Induction of a sustained fibrinolytic response by BRL 26921 in vitro. AB - The role of thrombus-binding in the fibrinolytic response to the acylated streptokinase.plasminogen activator complex, BRL 26921, has been examined using human plasma clots, radiolabelled with 125I-fibrin, in vitro. When clots were briefly exposed to BRL 26921, washed and returned to homologous plasma, lysis continued for up to 3 hours and attained approximately 25% of that lysis achieved by incubating with BRL 26921 for 5 hours. This continuing lysis was potentiated by return of exposed clots to alpha 2-antiplasmin-depleted plasma, or buffer and is attributed to an initial uptake of BRL 26921 rather than the binding of exogenous plasmin that was observed for streptokinase and high concentrations of urokinase. The sustained lysis is not explained by transfer of loosely-associated surface material or by dissociation of agent from the clot with reuptake from a dilute systemic pool. The response can be attributed, at least in part, to specific fibrin binding, mediated by kringles 1-4, for a low-molecular weight plasminogen (Val442) variant was less active. PMID- 3895562 TI - Enzyme immunoassay of human protein C by using monoclonal antibodies. AB - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for measuring human protein C by using two monoclonal antibodies directed toward the heavy chain of protein C is reported. This assay enabled the determination of protein C in concentrations of 10 to 400 ng/ml in less than 3 hours with a single antigen-antibody reaction. Within-run and between-run coefficients of variation were less than 8%. The mean concentrations of protein C in plasma of 42 normal subjects, 24 patients with liver disease, 27 with DIC, 48 with warfarin therapy and 15 with congenital protein C deficiency, were 4.2, 3.0, 2.3, 2.1 and 1.9 micrograms/ml, respectively. The results obtained with the present ELISA correlated well with those of radioimmunoassay (r = 0.935, n = 81) as well as those of Laurell's Rocket method (r = 0.910, n = 81) by using rabbit anti-human protein C serum. The present method was sensitive and specific for measurement of protein C and also PIVKA-protein C in plasma. PMID- 3895563 TI - Evidence that rat platelet fibrinogen molecules lack the gamma' chain variant found in plasma fibrinogen molecules. AB - Heterogeneity of rat plasma fibrinogen gamma chains (gamma A, gamma') is due to differential splicing of the primary mRNA transcript. Human gamma' chains, which amount to 7% of the total gamma chain population of plasma (hepatic) fibrinogen, are not detectable in fibrinogen isolated from platelets. In this investigation, we extended our studies to rats and found that gamma' chains, representing 30% of the rat plasma gamma chain population, are not detectable in their platelet fibrinogen. PMID- 3895564 TI - Fibrin(ogen)-derived peptide B beta 30-43 increases coronary blood flow in the anesthetized dog. AB - The hemodynamic effects of intracoronary administration of a fibrin (ogen) derived peptide B beta 30-43 (Arg-Pro-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ile-Ser-Gly-Gly-Gly-Tyr-Arg Ala) were evaluated in open-chest anesthetized dogs. Coronary blood flow (CBF) increased and coronary vascular resistance (CVR) decreased with intracoronary administration of peptide B beta 30-43. These changes were dependent on the amount of the peptide B beta 30-43 administered. There were no significant effects of peptide B beta 30-43 on aortic & left ventricular end-diastolic pressures. Plasma 6-keto-PGF1 alpha (stable hydrolysis product of PGI2) concentrations increased in coronary sinus blood samples in conjunction with increase in CBF. Intravenous administration of indomethacin (5 mg/kg) inhibited the release of PGI2 and almost completely abolished the effects of the fibrin(ogen)-derived peptide on CBF. This study suggests that this fibrin (ogen) derived peptide has potent effects on the coronary vascular bed of the dog, and that these effects are in large part mediated through PGI2 release. These coronary hemodynamic effects of fibrin(ogen)-derived products may have important autoregulatory effects in atheromatous coronary circulation, wherein thrombi may form spontaneously. PMID- 3895565 TI - The role of HLA matching in renal transplantation. PMID- 3895566 TI - [Theory of the history of nursing]. PMID- 3895567 TI - [Occurrence of Campylobacter jejuni in animals and its significance for the human]. AB - The frequency of human infections caused by Campylobacter (C.) jejuni is thought to be at present as significant as that of infections with salmonella. The epidemiology of human infections with C. jejuni is not well understood, although numerous species of animals are an important reservoir for this microorganism. In an overview the occurrence of C. jejuni at different domestic animals and pets is described. There is also given a report about possible direct and indirect ways for the infections from animals to man. PMID- 3895568 TI - [Ecthyma of sheep and goats]. AB - Contagious pustular dermatitis (CPD, contagious ecthyma, Orf) is a highly contagious viral disease afflicting sheep and goats. The infectious agent is a parapoxvirus which is widespread and also contagious for humans (zoonosis). Recently the disease in sheep and goats is marked by increased incidence and severe cases which cause many losses especially among lambs in fattening farms. The immunity of once infected animals is based on cellular defense mechanisms which are very unstable. The most suitable method for the prevention of ecthyma is parenteral vaccination with attenuated live vaccines. Effective vaccination programmes should enclose the whole animal population at intervals of 6-8 months. PMID- 3895569 TI - [Swelling of the ball of the foot (bumblefoot) in birds of prey]. AB - Bumblefoot is an inflammation of the talons of birds of prey which can be caused by various (exogenous and endogenous) factors. Falcons and eagles suffer more than other species of prey from this complaint. Affected birds show all stages from acute to chronic inflammation. Bumblefoot must be distinguished diagnostically from pox-infections and skin tuberculosis. To a large extent the inflammation can be prevented by providing the bird with a properly designed perch, with a correct diet, and with adequate grooming. Surgical treatment is the only promising therapy, though the chances of success depend on the extent of the inflammation. Generally all healing processes in region close to the talons are difficult and lengthy. PMID- 3895570 TI - [Research on the cat stomach worm, Ollulanus tricuspis (Leuckart, 1865)--state of the art]. AB - The stomach worm of the cat with an unusual cycle has a special place among the nematodes. O. tricuspis can develop and breed endogen as well as exogen, the infection of other hosts with freedom of movement, takes place through the ingestion of vomitus material containing parasites. As the conventional coproscopic methods of routine diagnosis have failed, the examination of gastric mucus or gastric mucosal scrapings post mortem offers itself. Intra vitam a provocated vomitus or a gastric irrigation are the diagnostic methods of choice. Increased vomiting of unknown genesis should, however, evoke suspicion relating to an O. tricuspis-infection and suggest an examination of the material. Besides the cat, dog, pig, wild cat, fox, cheetah, lion and tiger act as natural or inadequate hosts. Pathological alterations or clinical symptoms are more obvious in unusual carriers of parasites. Therapeutically only Citarin 2,5% was convincing. PMID- 3895572 TI - [Venomous spiders and their venoms]. AB - The history of araneidism is long and confusing. The superstition seems to be inexterminatable that tropical mygalomorphs and mediterranean tarantulas are dangerous for humans. It can be looked up even in the most recent edition of the widespread clinical dictionary of Pschyrembel. In contrast to this certain ctenids, the most dangerous spiders up to now known, are mentioned not at all in medical publications. Exaggerated spider-fear is out of place because about 0.1% of all species are dangerous for man only and many of the venomous species live as hidden as they scarcely come in contact with humans. PMID- 3895571 TI - [Diseases of nutria and their therapeutic potential]. AB - The article reports important diseases and different farming techniques of nutria. E. coli and salmonella infections are the most important bacterial diseases. Coccidiosis and strongyloidosis are frequently observed in nutria farms. Differentiated prophylactic treatment and hygiene are necessary for optimal breeding conditions. PMID- 3895573 TI - Distribution of fibronectin and other connective tissue components in human placenta. AB - Human placenta specimens obtained at term were investigated for distribution of fibronectin, collagens and glycosaminoglycans. When examined by the immunofluorescence staining technique with anti-plasma fibronectin antiserum, fibronectin was shown to be present around the fetal blood vessels and in the stroma of placental villi. The distribution of type IV collagen also was examined with specific antiserum. It was found that its distribution was similar to that of fibronectin. Conventional alcian blue staining indicated that the placental villi contained only small amounts of glycosaminoglycans. These data suggest that fibronectin and type IV collagen play important roles in tissue organization of the placental villi. PMID- 3895574 TI - Active, inactive and total renin concentrations in plasma of hypertensive patients. AB - To assess the role of inactive renin in hypertensive patients, active, inactive and total renin concentrations (ARC, IRC and TRC) were measured in 37 patients with hypertension of various etiologies. Inactive renin was activated by trypsin and renin concentration was measured using an excess of sheep substrate. Mean values of ARC, IRC, TRC and active renin ratio (AR ratio = ARC/TRC) were higher in 6 cases of renovascular hypertension, and lower in 6 cases of primary aldosteronism and 1 case of idiopathic hyperaldosteronism, when compared with 59 cases of normal subjects. Between ARC and IRC, a slightly positive correlation was observed. Moreover, between ARC and TRC as well as between ARC and AR ratio, close positive correlations were observed. Exceptionally, in a case of juxtaglomerular cell tumor, AR ratio was low in spite of the extremely high value of ARC. Our data suggest that the increase in circulating active renin is due to both the enhancement of the release of renin from the kidney and the increase in the activation of inactive renin, and vice versa. PMID- 3895575 TI - The participation of the subepithelial airway receptor in the bronchoconstriction of monkeys. AB - In order to elucidate the mechanism of the bronchial response of monkeys to constrictive stimuli, the effects of pretreatment with aerosolized lidocaine, atropine, and isoproterenol were studied. Treatment with aerosolized lidocaine and atropine not only extinguished the cough reflex, but also decreased bronchial susceptibility to aerosolized methacholine. Moreover, the pretreatment with lidocaine blocked the histamine challenge, but atropine did not. The aerosolized lidocaine decreased the bronchoconstriction induced with methacholine, but not with histamine. Pretreatment with over 1% of isoproterenol did not extinguish the cough reflex. However, this dose of isoproterenol did suppress an increase in Rrs due to the challenge of both methacholine and histamine. Isoproterenol also decreased the bronchoconstriction due to the previous challenge by both methacholine and histamine. The antagonistic effects of lidocaine, atropine, and isoproterenol on the broncho-constriction of monkeys are discussed in relation to the subepithelial receptor. PMID- 3895576 TI - Immunohistochemical localization of carcinoembryonic antigen in adenocarcinoma of the endocervix and the endometrium. AB - Immunoperoxidase localization of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was performed on tissue sections of adenocarcinoma of endocervical and endometrial origin to clarify the criteria for their differentiation. Twenty-two (96%) of 23 endocervical and 32 (70%) of 46 endometrial adenocarcinomas revealed positive CEA immunostain. The extent of staining did not seem to correlate with the degree of differentiation in either kind of cancer. Among the positive cases, CEA staining was located over whole cytoplasm in 18 (80%) of 22 positive endocervical adenocarcinomas and on apical surface in 24 (75%) of 32 positive endometrial adenocarcinomas. The pattern of CEA distribution in endocervical adenocarcinoma of endometrioid type was not similar to that observed for primary endometrial adenocarcinoma. PMID- 3895577 TI - Decreased binding of insulin to erythrocytes in myotonic dystrophy. AB - Recent several studies have shown that the insulin resistance exists in patients with myotonic dystrophy. Using in vitro radioreceptor assay with 125I-labeled insulin, we evaluated the binding of insulin to erythrocytes in patients with myotonic dystrophy. It was found that there was a decreased binding of insulin to erythrocytes in the patients with myotonic dystrophy. On quantitative analysis, this decrease in binding was found to be the result of a decrease in receptor affinity rather than receptor concentration. There was no evidence that the alteration in insulin receptor affinity was due to hyperinsulinemia. All of 7 patients with myotonic dystrophy also were shown to have an excessive response of endogenous insulin to a glucose challenge. No circulating antibody to insulin was found. These data suggest that a decrease in affinity of insulin receptors may, in part, cause insulin resistance and a compensatory elevation of the plasma insulin concentration in patients with myotonic dystrophy. PMID- 3895578 TI - Lifetime lead intoxication: influence on the amygdaloid kindling model of epileptogenesis. AB - The nature of amygdaloid kindled seizures was studied in adult rats which were intoxicated with lead starting in neonatal life. Lactating females were exposed to lead via the drinking water (0.25% lead acetate) and the litters were continued on this level of lead after weaning at 27 days of age. When compared to controls, levels of lead in the blood and brain were significantly higher in lead exposed rats, both at the time of weaning as well as postkindling, beyond 150 days of age. Parameters relating to amygdaloid kindled seizures, including the rate of kindling, seizure latency and seizure threshold were not significantly different in lead-treated rats than in controls. However, duration of behavioral seizures and afterdischarges was significantly longer in rats exposed to lead. Our data suggest that, although lead intoxication starting in neonatal life does not appear to affect the susceptibility to development of amygdaloid kindled seizures, it may enhance seizure severity in this model of epileptogenesis. PMID- 3895579 TI - A sensitive and useful radioimmunoassay for neurotoxin and its haemagglutinin complex from Clostridium botulinum. AB - A sensitive radioimmunoassay for the detection of botulinum toxin, produced by Clostridium botulinum, was developed. This employs homogeneous botulinum neurotoxin type A and its 125I-labelled derivative of high specific radioactivity, rather than its complex with haemagglutinin as used hitherto. The sensitivity of the assay is 1 ng of neurotoxin per ml, which is equivalent to 80 LD50 units (half-lethal doses) in mice. Neurotoxin and its complex with haemagglutinin were measurable with equal sensitivity when using antibodies against botulinum neurotoxin type A. Specificity of the assay was demonstrated by the lack of response to type B and E botulinum toxins and to heat-inactivated botulinum toxin or extracts of Clostridium sporogenes strain BL46, which contains many surface antigenic determinants common to Clostridium botulinum. Using appropriate conditions, neurotoxin added to fish extract could be quantified accurately, proportionality being observed between the amounts of standard toxin added. In addition, the amounts of toxin species produced by culturing Clostridium botulinum in canned fish was measurable; the values obtained were comparable to those observed by the mouse bioassay. Moreover, the fish samples gave a dose-response curve in the competition radioimmunoassay which was paralleled by the response of botulinum neurotoxin standards. This assay offers the most sensitive, reliable immunological method available for the quantitation of molecular forms of botulinum toxin. As the technique can be used with unpurified fish extracts, it should be widely applicable to different types of samples contaminated with botulinum toxin; furthermore, the clinical diagnosis of human botulism could be substantiated with this method. PMID- 3895580 TI - Pathological changes in muscle caused by haemorrhagic and proteolytic factors from Bothrops jararaca snake venom. AB - Haemorrhagic factor HF2 and bothropasin, two metalloproteins isolated from the venom of Bothrops jararaca, caused haemorrhage followed by myonecrosis and arterial necrosis after i.m. injection in mice. The effects of HF2 were qualitatively similar to those of bothropasin and crude B. jararaca venom, but its potency was about 20 times higher. The haemorrhagic and necrotizing actions of these components are unrelated to their proteolytic activity on casein. PMID- 3895581 TI - The anticoagulant effect of Bothrops castelnaudi snake venom (Castelnaud's pit viper). AB - An inhibitory effect of Bothrops castelnaudi venom was observed on the following systems: prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time, thromboplastin generation time, activation of factor X by Russell's viper venom and Russell's viper venom activated factor X (factor Xa). This effect did not require previous incubation and was prevented by the addition of Bothrops antivenom. The prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time was not shortened by increased phospholipid concentration (0.5-10 mg/ml), suggesting that the inhibitory effect is not due to an anti-phospholipid activity. No significant fibrinogenolytic activity was detected upon incubation of human fibrinogen with the venom, since physiological levels of thrombin-clottable material were still present. Compared to Bothrops jararaca venom, the proteolytic activity on casein and on azocoll was very low. Thrombin-induced clots of human plasma and fibrinogen were not lysed by the venom within 24 hr. The results indicate that the anticoagulant effect of Bothrops castelnaudi venom is exerted at least at two levels of the blood coagulation mechanism: (1) before prothrombin activation, by inhibiting factor X-activation and factor Xa activity; (2) by direct action on thrombin. PMID- 3895582 TI - Chromogenic proteinase substrates as possible tools in the characterization of Crotalidae and Viperidae snake venoms. AB - Proteinase activities have been determined photometrically in 25 different Crotalidae and Viperidae snake venoms by using five different chromogenic proteinase substrates. The activity profiles obtained by listing the identity numbers of substrates hydrolyzed by the venoms in a decreasing potency order remained quite stable within a given snake population. Submission of a venom to various physical and chemical treatments did not alter its activity profile. It is therefore concluded that this simple method of determining proteinase activities could be of help in snake venom characterization, as well as in studying the influence of metallic ions and inhibitors of snake venom proteinases. PMID- 3895583 TI - The chemistry of brevetoxins: a review. AB - The structure of the unique 'red tide' dinoflagellate neurotoxin, brevetoxin-B is presented and the experimental data supporting the chemical structure is discussed. A brief account of the other brevetoxins and their structural relationships is also presented. A biosynthetic scheme for the natural formation of the brevetoxin skeleton is proposed. Studies of the most toxic of the three pure brevetoxins, brevetoxin-A, indicate a skeleton differing from that of brevetoxin-B. PMID- 3895584 TI - Total counts of antral gastrin cells: a simple direct method. AB - A simple technique has been developed to quantitate the gastrin cells (G-cells) from the pyloric antrum of the rat. The antrum was digested in pronase to suspend the epithelial cells. This cell suspension was counted and pelleted. The pellet was embedded in paraffin, sectioned, then labeled using the indirect immunofluorescence technique specific for gastrin. The percentage of G-cells was determined from photographs of fluorescing sections and total G-cell numbers were determined by relating these data to total epithelial cell counts. In 14 rats the average G-cell population totaled 1.03 +/- 0.21 X 10(5) G-cells/antrum. The technique is simple, time-saving and avoids the uncertainties inherent in previous procedures for the estimation of G-cell numbers. PMID- 3895585 TI - [A method for partial or whole-body irradiation with fast electrons]. AB - A method for the electron irradiation of the body surface is presented which can easily be applied and standardized. The patient is placed in prone and supine position on the normal irradiation table. Contrary to many other methods, this proceeding is especially comfortable for the patient. PMID- 3895586 TI - Continuous gamma-irradiation of rats: dose-rate effect on loss and recovery of spermatogenesis. AB - Male Sprague Dawley rats were continuously irradiated at a dose-rate of either 5 or 7 cGy/day, up to a total dose of 900 cGy. Changes in spermatogenesis with irradiation and the recovery of the testis during 33 weeks after irradiation were studied. No clear dose-rate effect with testicular weight occurred. During the irradiation time, increased dose and dose-rate induced a decrease in A spermatogonia and preleptotene spermatocyte number. In our experimental conditions germ cell production did not plateau, as shown by the increasing number of tubular cross sections devoid of germ cells beyond 500 cGy. The recovery of seminiferous epithelium occurred essentially within nine weeks. It was not dose-rate dependent and was still incomplete after 33 weeks. This lack of recovery might be due to limited compensatory division ability of the stem cells. Clusters of Sertoli cells were observed in the lumen of the seminiferous tubules; impaired function of these cells could also prevent the complete recovery of the seminiferous epithelium. By 16 weeks after the end of irradiation 67% of 5 cGy/day irradiated rats and 34% of 7 cGy/day irradiated rats recovered fertility. PMID- 3895587 TI - Effects of AET, MEA, or 5-HT treatment before X-irradiation of pregnant C57BL mice. AB - C57BL++ mice were either whole body X-irradiated with a dose of 200 R or, 15 minutes before X-irradiation injected with AET, MEA, or 5-HT, in a dose of 40 mg/kg of body weight, on the first day of gestation. Uterine contents were examined on the nineteenth day of pregnancy. The number of corpora lutea was assumed as 100% and the percentage values of live and dead foetuses, resorptions, and non-implanted embryos were calculated. The percentage ratio of females with live foetuses in the uterus, in relation to the total number of those with a vaginal plug was also determined. X-irradiation of pregnant mice influenced the embryonic survival. As compared with controls, in only X-irradiated mice a lower percentage value of live foetuses and higher percentage values of non-implanted embryos and resorptions were found. One dead foetus was only observed in X irradiated females. Percentage value of X-irradiated females with live foetuses was lower than that of control ones. High mortality of embryos occurred more often before than after the implantation of blastocysts. The percentage value of non-implanted embryos was higher than that of resorptions. AET, MEA, and 5-HT when injected to mice before their X-irradiation acted as radioprotectors. The strongest radioprotective effect was obtained following AET administration, intermediate after 5-HT treatment and the weakest one when MEA was injected. PMID- 3895588 TI - Longterm effect of neonatal whole-body X-ray exposure on ploidy development in mouse liver cells. AB - Mice of the strains C3H, DBA, NZB, and NMRI were X-irradiated with 0.475 Gy and 2.85 Gy (or 3.80 Gy) at newborn stage or at the age of six months. Their livers were prepared at the age of one to maximum 18 months and the hepatocytes isolated. The DNA content of both whole cells and separated nuclei was measured by flow cytometry and the liver ploidy pattern was determined applying a correcting calculation. Irradiation with 0.475 Gy of newborns of strain C3H results in a relative decrease of octoploid cells and an increase of tetraploid nuclei during lifetime (significance level of 0.001). After irradiation with 3.80 Gy a reversed reaction was observed. However, if the animals were irradiated as adults with a dose of 3.80 Gy the 8c cells decreased significantly three months later. Similarly, newborns of the outbred strain NMRI irradiated with 2.85 Gy, showed an increase of octoploid cells from the third month on, but an oscillating pattern of the 4c nuclear DNA content. In strains DBA and NZB, significantly altered ploidy values could not be found, perhaps due to a too great variance of experimental values. PMID- 3895589 TI - Cerebral vasospasm following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. AB - Cerebral vasospasm following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage is one of the most important causes of cerebral ischemia, and is the leading cause of death and disability after aneurysm rupture. There are two definitions of cerebral vasospasm: angiographic and clinical. Care must be exercised to be certain that it is clear which entity is being addressed. The diagnosis of the clinical syndrome is one of exclusion and can rarely be made with absolute certainty. The pathogenesis of cerebral vasospasm is poorly understood. Most current theories focus on the release of factors from the subarachnoid clot. More attention must be given to the role of endothelial damage and alterations in the blood-arterial wall barrier. The application of modern techniques for studying vascular smooth muscle which have been developed as a result of research in the areas of hypertension and atherosclerosis must be applied to the problem of cerebral vasospasm. A stress test to select patients with angiographic arterial narrowing who have adequate cerebral vascular reserve to undergo surgery should be developed. The optimal treatment of vasospasm awaits development of agents for blocking or inactivating spasmogenic substances or blocking arterial smooth muscle contraction. Rheological or hemodynamic manipulations to prevent or reverse ischemic consequences of vasospasm are relatively effective, but complicated and hazardous, and should be viewed principally as interim measures awaiting development of more specific therapies for the arterial narrowing. PMID- 3895591 TI - Subarachnoid haemorrhage in the rat: effect on the development of vasospasm of selective lesions of the catecholamine systems in the lower brain stem. AB - Intracisternal injection of blood in the rat produces an angiographically demonstrable biphasic vasospasm. Lesioning at the level of the mesencephalon of the ascending catecholamine pathways from locus coeruleus in the pons and the A1 and A2 nuclei in the medulla oblongata prior to cisternal blood injection prevents the development of both acute and late spasm. Selective lesioning in the medulla oblongata of ascending fibres from A1 and A2 also prevents development of spasm, indicating that these nuclei, which project to the hypothalamus-pituitary, are essential for the spasm syndrome. It is suggested that a substance vasospasm is produced by a substance liberated either by the hypothalamus or by the pituitary is involved in the occurrence of spasm. PMID- 3895590 TI - The relevance of in vitro smooth muscle experiments to cerebral vasospasm. AB - An overview of the possible factors that might contribute to the development of cerebral vasospasm is presented, with particular emphasis on the possibility that spasm arises from a malfunction of the regulatory or contractile processes in smooth muscle cells. This possibility is emphasized because the evidence for cellular damage and the delayed occurrence of vasospasm are suggestive of pathological alteration. Data regarding the development of spasm in vivo has been reviewed and, to the extent possible, correlated with in vitro studies of cerebrovascular smooth muscle contractility. Short-term in vitro studies of normal cerebral arteries may be of little relevance to the prolonged and severe cerebral vasoconstriction that occurs only after a delay of several days from the initial insult. PMID- 3895592 TI - Effects of extra-intracranial arterial bypass on cerebral blood flow and oxygen metabolism in humans. AB - Twelve patients, eleven with a carotid obstruction and one with an occlusion of the middle cerebral artery, were studied before and after a successful unilateral extra-intracranial arterial by-pass, (EIAB) using PET and the 15-0 steady-state technique to measure regional cerebral blood flow (CBF), oxygen extraction fraction and oxygen metabolic rate (CMRO2). In the whole group of patients, both CBF and CMRO2 increased significantly on both cerebral hemispheres after EIAB, returning toward control levels defined in age-matched subjects. Mean oxygen extraction fraction, on the other hand, was not affected. Individually, three different effects of EIAB emerged: 1) Alleviation of a state of long standing unilateral "misery-perfusion", as reported earlier; 2) parallel increase of CBF and CMRO2 bilaterally, which appeared due to improvement of a hemodynamic depression of metabolism, the precise mechanism of which remains obscure; 3) Complex, unexpected changes in the CBF-CMRO2 couple again resulting in increases in CMRO2. This metabolic improvement afforded by EIAB in our patients has not been reported before; it suggests that long-standing hemodynamic failure may induce a metabolic depression that is still potentially reversible by surgical revascularization. PMID- 3895593 TI - Comparison of ultrasound and IV-DSA for carotid evaluation. AB - Sixty carotid bifurcations in 34 symptomatic patients were examined prospectively with ultrasound (continuous wave Doppler and high resolution, B-mode imaging) and intravenous digital subtraction angiography (IV-DSA). The overall quality of examination was better with DSA than with ultrasound. Imaging of the external carotid artery was particularly difficult with sonography. For evaluation of the common and internal carotid arteries, eight percent of IV-DSA studies were poor or inadequate as compared with 12% for B-mode imaging. Overall for detection of atherosclerotic plaque, high resolution B-mode sonography was 84% sensitive and DSA 81% sensitive. When only the common and internal carotid arteries were considered, the sensitivity of high resolution sonography improved to 93% and the sensitivity of IV-DSA increased to 86%. Ultrasound (combined high resolution, B mode sonography and CW Doppler) correctly identified all six internal carotid occlusions in the series. While IV-DSA correctly identified five of the six occlusions, the sensitivity for detection of lesions causing 70% or more stenosis was 95% for both ultrasound and IV-DSA. Sensitivity for 50% or greater obstruction was 79% for ultrasound and 85% for IV-DSA. Ultrasound sensitivity for greater than 50.9% stenoses rose to 87% when only the common and internal carotid were considered while IV-DSA sensitivity remained at 85%. Specificity was good at all levels of obstruction. It may be concluded from this study that the accuracy of ultrasound and IV-DSA are quite similar for evaluation of the carotid bifurcation and that either test is a satisfactory screening method for carotid bifurcation atheromatous disease. PMID- 3895594 TI - Carotid atherosclerosis in familial hypercholesterolemia. AB - Common and internal carotids have been studied by noninvasive method (echo Doppler) in 30 normotensive patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). Vascular lesions were detected in 14 patients (46%), who presented one or more lesions of different degree (between 1-15% and 16-49%). In one case, only one carotid had stenosis greater than 50%. Severity and number of stenosis were related to age and levels of hypercholesterolemia. FH patients with carotid lesions showed a significantly higher LDL-cholesterol (p less than 0.01) and plasma apolipoprotein B (p less than 0.001) concentrations and a significantly lower HDL-cholesterol (p less than 0.05) and plasma apolipoprotein A (p less than 0.001) levels as compared to those with normal echo-Doppler findings. These data indicate that investigation of arterial districts other than coronaries are useful in quantitative evaluation of atherosclerotic involvement. PMID- 3895596 TI - [The role of Soviet forensic medical expertise in investigating the fascist crimes committed during World War II]. PMID- 3895595 TI - A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of fish oil concentrate (MaxEpa) in stroke patients. AB - The feeding of large amounts of fish or fish oils to healthy volunteers has been shown to reduce plasma triglycerides and platelet aggregation, and prolong the skin bleeding time. To determine whether a commercially available marine oil (MaxEpa) would have similar effect in stroke patients, we performed a double blind, placebo-controlled study in 11 patients (7 men, 4 women) with completed stroke (7) or transient ischemic attacks (TIA's) (4). Ten 1 ml opaque capsules containing either MaxEpa or olive oil were given daily for 6 weeks, and then the patients were crossed-over. Aspirin was avoided during the trial. The data were analyzed by paired-sample t-tests. A significant reduction was found in serum triglycerides, but total serum cholesterol and HDL cholesterol were unaffected. The bleeding time was modestly prolonged after 3 weeks of treatment, but the differences between MaxEpa and olive oil treatments were not significant at 6 weeks. Aside from an increase in collagen-stimulated malondialdehyde formation no other statistically significant changes in hemostatic factors were observed. We conclude that the ingestion of up to 10 MaxEpa capsules daily for 6 weeks has little influence on such established risk factors as cholesterol concentration and platelet function in patients with stroke or TIA's. PMID- 3895597 TI - [Forensic medical expertise in investigating the crimes of the fascists at Auschwitz]. PMID- 3895598 TI - [From the memoirs of an army forensic medical expert]. PMID- 3895599 TI - [Veterans of World War II--in formation!]. PMID- 3895600 TI - [The great victory of the Soviet people]. PMID- 3895601 TI - [Status and developmental prospects of forensic medical expertise on matter of biological origin]. PMID- 3895602 TI - [Current status and developmental prospects for forensic medical cytological research]. PMID- 3895603 TI - [Soviet physicians in World War II]. PMID- 3895604 TI - [Military forensic physicians in World War II]. PMID- 3895605 TI - Clinical pharmacokinetics of sulfonamides in children: relationship between maturing kidney function and renal clearance of sulfonamides. PMID- 3895606 TI - Therapeutic drug monitoring in pediatric acute drug intoxications. PMID- 3895607 TI - Chloramphenicol: clinical pharmacology in pediatrics. PMID- 3895608 TI - Hospital-based bone banking. Here's what you need to know to start your unit. PMID- 3895609 TI - Doyne lecture. Heterochromic iridocyclitis. AB - Fuchs' heterochromic iridocyclitis is a rare but significant cause of visual impairment. This form of uveitis is misdiagnosed more than any other in the entire field of uveitis. This is particularly true among brown-eyed individuals in whom gross heterochromia may not be diagnosed for many years. The clinical presentation of Fuchs' heterochromic iridocyclitis may include a number of generally unrecognised variants among which are Koeppe nodules, transient synechia formations, and blood-filled cysts. Recently the relationship of heterochromic iridocyclitis to posterior inflammatory lesions, such as those of toxoplasmosis, has been explored. Although the disease was once thought to be a degenerative or trophic disorder, current investigations reveal that it is a true inflammation of immunologic origin. The disorder may be related to a depression of suppressor T-cell activity. The aetiology of the disease is still obscure, but in some cases an association with simple heterochromia has been found among families in whom multiple members are affected by either simple heterochromia or Fuchs' heterochromic iridocyclitis. Corticosteroid treatment of Fuchs' heterochromic iridocyclitis is not effective and should be reserved for those patients in whom inflammatory products obstruct the visual axis. Most patients should be treated by observation alone. Cataract and glaucoma are the most important complications. Treatment of the glaucoma is particularly difficult and often unsuccessful. PMID- 3895610 TI - Graft rejection. AB - The factors which are important in the production of corneal allograft rejection together with a discussion of possible ways of prevention are presented. A brief survey of experimental and clinical studies in the field is given. PMID- 3895611 TI - Chronic intraocular inflammation. PMID- 3895612 TI - The prevalence of autonomic neuropathy in glaucoma. PMID- 3895613 TI - Irradiation of blood products. Indications and guidelines. PMID- 3895614 TI - Vascular endothelial alloantigens in renal transplantation. PMID- 3895615 TI - Lung allograft rejection in the rat. II. Specific immunological properties of lung grafts. AB - The immunological mechanism of lung allograft rejection was studied in inbred rats, in order to explain the rapid progress of the rejection response against RT1-incompatible lung grafts. Histological appearances of the graft and of the recipient's spleen were studied, migration patterns of graft and recipient lymphocytes were assessed, and titers of circulating alloantibodies were determined. Histologically, we discriminated four phases of the rejection response in lung grafts: sequentially the latent, vascular, alveolar, and destruction phases. Early in the vascular phase, recipient lymphocytes primarily infiltrated the bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) of the graft, causing a local immune response. Concurrent with these local rejection phenomena in the graft, a strong systemic immune response developed in the recipient's spleen, presumably induced by the great number of lymphocytes that migrated from the graft's BALT into the recipient's lymphoid tissues. We conclude that BALT facilitates a fast and intensive interaction between lung graft and recipient that is likely to accelerate the induction of the rejection response both locally in the graft and systemically in the recipient's lymphoid organs. PMID- 3895616 TI - Lung allograft rejection in the rat. III. Corresponding morphological rejection phases in various rat strain combinations. AB - Rejection of RT1-incompatible lung grafts has been found in the study reported in our accompanying article to result in four consecutive morphological rejection phases: the latent, the vascular, the alveolar, and the destruction phase. The most prominent signs of rejection, however, occur early in the vascular phase in the bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) of these grafts. In this study we investigated whether these four phases and the early rejection signs in BALT are universal phenomena of lung allograft rejection. Therefore, various donor recipient combinations of inbred rat strains, incompatible for the MHC or for minor loci, were compared with respect to histological rejection phenomena--both in the lung graft and in the recipient's spleen--and alloantibody formation. The four rejection phases appeared sequentially in grafts of all combinations. Duration of the phases depended on the degree of histoincompatibility of the graft. Again, BALT was involved early in the rejection process. During the vascular phase a strong immune response developed in the spleen, and in the alveolar phase antibodies circulated in the blood. We conclude that these morphological rejection phases are universal phenomena of the rejection process against lung allografts in rats. Corresponding phenomena have been described for other species, even in immunosuppressed recipients. Based on these data, a new concept of the universal rejection process of lung allografts is postulated. PMID- 3895617 TI - Complete suppression of skin allograft rejection in rats treated with continuous infusion of 2'deoxycoformycin. AB - Congenital deficiency of the enzyme adenosine deaminase (ADA) results in severe combined immunodeficiency. 2'deoxycoformycin (2'dcf) is a tightly binding inhibitor of ADA, and the drug makes it possible to mimic a state of ADA deficiency. In this study we tested the immunosuppressive effect of 2'dcf in a rat skin transplantation model. Rats treated with continuous infusion of 2'dcf at doses of 0.3 mg/kg, 0.5 mg/kg and 0.7 mg/kg body wt/day showed significant prolongation of graft survival. 2'dcf given by bolus injections did not prolong graft survival. In rats treated with continuous infusion of 2'dcf at a dose of 0.7 mg/kg body wt/day mean graft survival time (MST) after withdrawal of treatment was equal to MST in untreated animals, suggesting that during 2'dcf treatment allograft rejection was completely suppressed. In vitro, lymphocytes isolated from animals treated with continuous infusion of 2'dcf showed marked suppression of mitogen response. The 2'dcf preferentially effects lymphocytes, but neutrophils seem resistant to the effect of the drug. The lymphocytotoxic effect of the drug is extreme; during therapy splenic weight decreased by almost 50% and the differential lymphocyte count in blood decreased from 85% to 17%. Immunofluorescence studies showed that, within the spleen, the amount of T cells and B cells decreased markedly. Both T cell subsets were affected--OX8+ cells (suppressor/cytotoxic T cells) and W3/25+ (helper T cells). However OX8+ cells were more resistant to the drug than W3/25+ cells. Skin-grafted rats treated with 2'dcf showed a strong decrease in the W3/25: OX8 ratio. In contrast, untreated rats showed a slight increase in the ratio after skin transplantation. It is concluded that 2'dcf is a strong immunosuppressive drug in rats if given by continuous infusion. PMID- 3895618 TI - Bronchial anastomotic healing in canine lung allotransplants treated with cyclosporine. AB - Bronchial anastomotic healing was evaluated in 22 long-term-surviving canine lung allotransplant recipients treated with cyclosporine as the major immunosuppressive agent. Mean survival in these dogs was over 155 days, and 4 animals survived 1-3 years. Bronchial anastomotic complications were limited to 5 cases of minimal (less than 15%) bronchostenosis. The bronchial anastomoses became somewhat edematous and friable during rejection episodes, but no clinically serious sequelae--such as hemorrhage, peribronchial abscess, or bronchial dehiscence--were observed. Gross and microscopic evaluation of the recipient and donor segments of the anastomoses revealed excellent healing, with only scattered areas of inflammatory cells. The decreased frequency and severity of rejection episodes in animals treated with cyclosporine permits early revascularization of the bronchus to take place and reduces the need for other immunosuppressive agents that may interfere with bronchial healing. Cyclosporine is an effective immunosuppressive agent for canine lung allotransplantation and allows normal bronchial anastomotic healing to occur. PMID- 3895619 TI - Selective lymphoid irradiation. VI. Effect of palladium-109-labeled lymphocytes on rat cardiac allograft survival. AB - We have previously shown that pretransplant treatment with palladium-109 hematoporphyrin (Pd-H) and two small doses of antilymphocyte globulin (ALG) leads to donor-specific permanent acceptance of cardiac allografts in weakly histoincompatible rat combinations and significant prolongation of hearts in the ACI-to-Lewis strains. Pd-H also concentrates in nonlymphoid organs to a significant degree that is undesirable, so we have examined, in the present study, the efficacy of Pd-109 attached to lymphocytes in producing selective lymphoid irradiation and compared it with the immunosuppressive effect of Pd-H. Adoptive transfer of syngeneic lymphocytes labeled with palladium-109 (Pd-L) led to significant concentration of radioactivity in the peripheral lymphoid organs relative to the bone marrow (BM), intestine, thymus, and endocrine organs. The concentration of radioactivity in the spleen relative to BM and intestinal mucosa was 23:1 and 58:1, respectively. The immunosuppressive efficacy of a suboptimal dose of 3 mCi (one-third of the dose used in our earlier reports with Pd-H) administered via Pd-L (6 X 10(9) cells) at 4 days combined with 5 mg ALG at 2 days and 1 day prior to transplantation was compared in its effect on cardiac allografts with a similar dose of Pd-H (3 mCi) combined with ALG. The mean survival time (MST) of 6.5 +/- 0.4 days in untreated recipients was moderately prolonged to 14.6 +/- 3.0 days by Pd-H and ALG, and was not significantly different from an MST of 14.1 +/- 0.3 days achieved with 2 doses of ALG alone. Pretransplant treatment of Lewis rats with Pd-L and ALG produced a significant prolongation of ACI heart allografts to 30.5 +/- 3.1 days (P less than 0.001). These results suggest that Pd-L is more effective in prolonging rat cardiac allografts than a similar dose of Pd-H, and thus it may be a new method of selective lymphoid irradiation prior to transplantation. PMID- 3895621 TI - Fourth component of complement (C4) polymorphism in human orthotopic liver transplantation. AB - C4 polymorphism was investigated in 13 orthotopic liver transplantations. It could be shown that recipient C4 phenotype disappears after transplantation and is replaced by donor phenotype on days 10-19 posttransplantation. This indicates that C4 is mainly produced in the liver. The delayed appearance of donor C4 phenotype compared with other complement components produced in the liver cannot be explained by different rates of synthesis or serum protein levels. The limited number of patients investigated in this study does not permit assessment of the role of C4, C3, Bf, and HLA-A, B, and DR in orthotopic liver transplantation. PMID- 3895620 TI - Mechanisms underlying continued survival of rat kidney allografts after a short period of chemical immunosuppression. AB - Experiments have been carried out to investigate whether the continued survival of rat kidney allografts induced by two different methods-namely, immunological enhancement or a limited course of drug treatment with cyclosporine or cyclophosphamide, is maintained by similar mechanisms. (AS X AUG)F1 or AUG strain kidneys were transplanted to AS recipients that were treated for 14 days with cyclosporine or cyclophosphamide. The limited course of drug treatments induced indefinitely prolonged, or very extended, allograft survival. Long-surviving F1 kidney grafts were retransplanted into naive AS recipients, and by functioning for more than 100 days proved, like enhanced grafts, to be less immunogenic than normal (AS X AUG)F1 kidneys. Very prolonged survival of homozygous, incompatible AUG kidneys was only observed after the cyclosporine drug regimen-and when these grafts were retransplanted to naive second AS recipients, acute or chronic rejection ensued. However, the rejection was prevented if spleen cells from the first AS recipient were adoptively transferred to the second AS recipient at the time of retransplantation. It was concluded that suppressor cells must be present in the transferred spleen cell populations. The experiments show that, as in the case of immunological enhancement, very prolonged allograft survival brought about by a short course of immunosuppressive drug treatment is accompanied by reduction in graft immunogenicity, and by the induction of suppressor cells. PMID- 3895622 TI - Treatment of human acute graft-versus-host disease with antithymocyte globulin and cyclosporine with or without methylprednisolone. AB - Forty-eight patients with hematologic malignancies treated by allogeneic marrow transplantation developed acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), grades II-IV, despite prophylaxis with methotrexate. They were treated with a combination of antithymocyte globulin (ATG) and cyclosporine (CsA), with or without the addition of methylprednisolone (MP). Thirty patients had received HLA-identical and 18 HLA nonidentical transplants. Median onset of GVHD was day 13 (range 8-60) for patients with HLA-nonidentical grafts and day 18 (range 7-48) for patients given HLA-identical grafts (P = 0.01). Forty-five patients could be evaluated for response on day 7 of therapy. Among these, 13 of 27 given ATG/CSP and 6 of 18 given ATG/CSP/MP improved. Among 33 patients evaluable on day 14 of therapy 13 of 19 given ATG/CSP and 5 of 14 given ATG/CSP/MP showed improvement of GVHD. Patients given HLA-nonidentical grafts responded somewhat (although not significantly) less frequently than patients given HLA-identical grafts. Chronic GVHD developed in 16 of 18 evaluable patients given ATG/CSP and in 5 of 6 given ATG/CSP/MP. Viral, bacterial, and fungal infections were the major cause of death in both groups. Interstitial pneumonitis was more frequent among patients given ATG/CSP/MP. Survival beyond 6 months was 67% among patients treated with ATG/CSP and 25% with ATG/CSP/MP. These data indicate that a regimen of ATG/CSP is of value in the treatment of acute GVHD. The addition of MP was not beneficial and resulted in decreased survival--presumably because of excessive immunosuppression and associated complications. PMID- 3895623 TI - Demonstration of a leukemia-associated antigen (CAMAL) in peripheral blood leucocytes of bone marrow transplant patients prior to relapse. AB - We have previously described a monoclonal antibody (CAMAL-1) that reacts in an indirect immunoperoxidase slide test at high frequency with cells of patients with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia (ANLL), both at presentation and in remission (1). This article reports on a 12-month blind study carried out on peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) of patients who had received bone marrow transplants for acute leukemias. PBL of patients attending the Royal Marsden Hospital were sent as cytospins to the University of British Columbia for staining and screening. Results of this study showed the following: of the 15 patients who remained in remission during the period of the study, 13 showed no abnormal increase in reactivity with CAMAL-1 (2 patients did show increased levels of reactivity over time); of the four patients relapsing but surviving within this period with ANLL, all showed elevated numbers of cells reactive with CAMAL-1 as long as 3 months prior to relapse (the two relapsing patients who had acute undifferentiated leukemia and acute lymphoblastic leukemia did not show elevations of CAMAL-1-reactive cells); of the 14 patients dying during this time of causes other than leukemia, none had elevated levels of CAMAL-1-reactive cells -and, of 4 patients dying in relapse, all had extremely elevated levels of CAMAL 1-reactive cells as long as 4 months prior to relapse. The implications of these observations are discussed. PMID- 3895624 TI - The effect of food on cyclosporine absorption. AB - The effect of food on the absorption of cyclosporine was evaluated in 18 recipients of cadaveric renal transplants. Cyclosporine was administered orally with a standard hospital breakfast on one study day and without breakfast on the alternate study day. The oral absorption rate as measured by the observed time to peak concentration was not significantly altered by food. The administration of cyclosporine with food resulted in a significant increase in the peak (1465 ng/ml versus 1120 ng/ml) and trough (267 ng/ml versus 228 ng/ml) blood concentrations as well as the area under the blood concentration versus time curve (11430 ng . hr/ml versus 7881 ng . hr/ml). The mean increase in area under the blood concentration versus time curve was 60.6%. The exact mechanism by which food increases the absorption of cyclosporine is not known. Regardless of the mechanism involved, if adequate immunosuppression is achieved with lower doses of cyclosporine taken with food, significant cost savings could be realized. PMID- 3895625 TI - Immune recovery following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. AB - A total of 144 evaluations of cell surface markers and cellular immune functions were carried out in 57 patients undergoing allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for acute leukemia in remission and relapse and for aplastic anemia. The periods tested were pretransplant, and 1-3, 4-6, 7-12 and more than 12 months posttransplant. The determination consisted of lymphocyte counts; lymphocyte surface marking using OKT3, OKT4, and OKT8 antibodies; and determination of adherent cells, lysozymes and antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) against chicken red blood cells, human red blood cells, and CEM cells. Natural killer cells were determined against K562 target cells. Lymphoblastic responses were tested after stimulation with pokeweed mitogen (PWM), concanavalin-A (Con A), and phytohemagglutinin (PHA). We found that the progression in the leukemic state (first remission, second remission, and relapse), prior to transplantation was paralleled by a decrease in T4 lymphocytes (976/microliter +/- 462; 411/microliter +/- 222; 372/microliter +/- 419; P = .04). There was a lack of helper cells and an inverted T4:T8 ratio beyond one year posttransplant independent of graft-versus-host disease status. Lymphocyte functions persisted to be depressed for more than one year. We found a direct correlation of T4 helper cells and an inverse correlation of T8 suppressor cells with lymphoblastic responses to mitogens. It is hoped that the longitudinal evaluations of immune functions after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, and the characterization of the immune defects seen may lead to better immunorestorative treatments. PMID- 3895626 TI - Immune mechanisms in organ allograft rejection. VI. Delayed-type hypersensitivity and lymphotoxin in experimental renal allograft rejection. AB - The cellular requirements for renal allograft rejection have been reassessed in a rat adoptive transfer model, preceding studies having shown that transplanted kidneys may be rejected in the absence of cytotoxic T cells or specific antibody. Unilaterally nephrectomized, sublethally irradiated (780 rads) LEW recipients of renal allografts from irradiated WF donors, were selectively reconstituted with spleen cells from sensitized syngeneic donors and subjected to delayed nephrectomy of the residual native kidney 3 days posttransplantation. In some experiments the reconstituting inocula were depleted of SIg+ cells (anti-Ig column) or additionally depleted of cytotoxic T cells and their precursors reactive with monoclonal OX8 (rosette depletion). Depleting the reconstituting inocula of SIg+ cells as well as cells reactive with monoclonal OX8 failed (n = 4) to alter the tempo of rejection, as demonstrated by a mean serum creatinine +/ SD on day 8 of 5.4 +/- 3.8 vs. 6.4 +/- 4.2 in recipients (n = 8) reconstituted with unfractionated inocula. These data support a link between DTH and graft rejection, so additional studies were performed to characterize rat lymphotoxin (LT), one of the potential mediators of DTH-induced tissue injury, and to demonstrate the presence of LT in rejecting rat renal allografts. Rat LT, generated in vitro by stimulating spleen cells from specifically sensitized rats with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (100 micrograms m/ml), was shown on gel filtration to have an MW of approximately 50,000. In-vitro-generated rat LT was shown to be heat stable (70 degrees C for 15 min) and soluble in 40% (NH4)2SO4. Rat LT eluted as a single peak on DEAE anion exchange chromatography (0-0.15 M, NaCl osmotic gradient), supporting the existence of but a single molecular form. LT was isolated from rejecting renal allografts on day 6 after renal transplant but undetected (less than 1 unit) in residual native kidneys. This study, therefore, provides substantial support for a link between DTH and renal allograft rejection. Lymphotoxin, one of the potential mediators of tissue injury in this model system, has been partially characterized and demonstrated to be present in rejecting rat renal allografts. PMID- 3895627 TI - Drug-induced tolerance to allografts in mice. VI. Tolerance induction in H-2 haplotype-identical strain combinations in mice. AB - When C3H/HeN (C3H) mice were primed with viable AKR/J (AKR) spleen cells and treated with cyclophosphamide (CP) two days later, a profound tolerance to AKR skin grafts was induced. This tolerance was induced also in other combinations disparate only at minor histocompatibility (H) antigens (AKR-C3H and BALB/c[BALB] DBA/2[DBA]). In C3H mice made tolerant to AKR, delayed foot-pad reaction (DFR), cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTL), and cytotoxic antibodies (CTAb) against AKR spleen cells were abrogated completely. Tolerance to AKR mice was also observed in C3H mice primed with viable AKR and C57BL/6 (B6) spleen cells and treated with CP, but tolerance to B6 was not induced because a cell population responsible for DFR and CTL against B6 H-2 antigens remained after tolerance induction. These results suggest that there is a lymphocyte population responsible for DFR and CTL against antigens allogeneic at both major and minor H that is less proliferative than the population responsible for DFR and CTL against minor H antigens. PMID- 3895628 TI - Influence of major-histocompatibility-complex-compatible and incompatible Langerhans cells on the survival of H-Y-incompatible skin grafts in rats. AB - BN male trunk skin grafts, the Langerhans cells (LC) of which have been replaced with major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-incompatible Lewis female cells, survive longer on BN female rats than BN male trunk skin grafts bearing BN female LC. Evidence is presented that the privilege afforded these grafts is a consequence of MHC restriction. Thus, supplanting the native LC population of BN male trunk skin grafts with MHC-compatible Lewis.1N female cells has no affect on their survival on BN female rats. Evidence is also presented that H-Y incompatible isografts deficient in MHC-compatible LC induce tolerance of H-Y. PMID- 3895629 TI - Prolongation of rat cardiac allograft survival by Ca++ blockers. PMID- 3895630 TI - The effect of RT1 subregion differences on liver allograft survival in the rat. PMID- 3895632 TI - Outcome of second kidney allografts following failure of transplants from living related donors. PMID- 3895631 TI - Tolerance to donor-type skin in the recipient of a bone marrow allograft. Treatment of skin ulcers in chronic graft-versus-host disease with skin grafts from the bone marrow donor. PMID- 3895633 TI - Cyclosporine immunosuppression in cadaver kidney recipients with a remote positive crossmatch to the current donor. PMID- 3895634 TI - Conversion from cyclosporine to azathioprine in renal graft recipients. AB - Only one of six patients in whom a clinical diagnosis of rejection was confirmed by both biopsy and FNA benefited from a switch from cyclosporine to azathioprine. Nine patients, in whom nephrotoxicity and rejection could not be separated and in whom the biopsy was positive but the FNA negative, improved when converted to cyclosporine. This improvement was, however, followed by subsequent rejection episodes in four of these patients. This study suggests caution in changing from CsA therapy in patients with unstable function. PMID- 3895635 TI - Sequential Minnesota antilymphoblast globulin and cyclosporine therapy after cadaver renal transplantation. PMID- 3895636 TI - Complications related to the route of Minnesota antilymphoblast globulin administration in renal transplant recipients. PMID- 3895637 TI - Aseptic necrosis following renal transplantation: a 25-year experience. PMID- 3895638 TI - The prognostic value of renal allograft biopsy in acute rejection. PMID- 3895639 TI - Initial human pancreas transplantation and attempts to improve pancreatic duct anastomosis. PMID- 3895640 TI - Increased monocyte size and Fc receptor-dependent chemoluminescence in renal transplant patients. PMID- 3895641 TI - Effect of the immunosuppressive drugs cyclosporine and methylprednisolone on lymphokine responses in vitro. PMID- 3895642 TI - The transport of cyclosporine in association with plasma lipoproteins in heart and liver transplant patients. PMID- 3895643 TI - Cadaver renal transplantation in patients over 50 years of age. PMID- 3895644 TI - 1-Desamino 8-D arginine-vasopressin in the diagnosis and treatment of central diabetes insipidus in a patient after cadaveric renal transplantation. PMID- 3895645 TI - Management of bladder neck contracture at the time of renal transplantation. PMID- 3895646 TI - Spontaneous intraperitoneal rupture of a lymphocele associated with a renal allograft. PMID- 3895647 TI - Perforation of the acalculous gallbladder following renal transplantation. AB - Two acalculous renal transplant patients, of more than 1,000 performed at this center, suffered early infarction and perforation of the gallbladder following operation. This rare complication may be related to both postoperative stress and the immunocompromising drugs given to renal transplant patients. PMID- 3895648 TI - Use of self-retained coiled silicone stent for management of recurrent renal transplant ureteral stricture. PMID- 3895649 TI - Major affective disorder in a renal transplant recipient following the transplant associated death of the donor. PMID- 3895650 TI - Venous thrombosis following segmental pancreatic transplantation using latex duct occlusion. PMID- 3895651 TI - A Japanese trial of cyclosporine in living related and cadaveric renal transplantation. PMID- 3895652 TI - Morphological patterns in cyclosporine-treated renal transplant recipients. PMID- 3895653 TI - Histopathology of cyclosporine. PMID- 3895654 TI - Cyclosporine: toxicity, metabolism, and drug interactions--implications from animal studies. PMID- 3895655 TI - Cyclosporine nephrotoxicity: studies in laboratory animals. PMID- 3895657 TI - Is cyclosporine A-induced nephrotoxicity in recipients of renal allografts progressive? PMID- 3895656 TI - Renal dysfunction in animal models of cyclosporine toxicity. PMID- 3895658 TI - A comparison of the clinical, histopathologic, cytologic, and biochemical features of renal transplant rejection, cyclosporine A nephrotoxicity, and stable renal function. PMID- 3895659 TI - Cyclosporine-induced chronic nephropathy in human recipients of cardiac allografts. PMID- 3895660 TI - Metabolism of cyclosporine. PMID- 3895661 TI - Nephrotoxicity of cyclosporine in liver transplantation. PMID- 3895662 TI - Cyclosporine-associated renal dysfunction in marrow transplant recipients. PMID- 3895663 TI - Cyclosporine nephrotoxicity: exploration of the risk factors and prognosis of the renal injury. PMID- 3895664 TI - Cyclosporine nephrotoxicity and the consequences of conversion to azathioprine. PMID- 3895665 TI - Management and prevention of cyclosporine nephrotoxicity after renal transplantation: use of low doses of cyclosporine, azathioprine, and prednisone. PMID- 3895666 TI - Pharmacologic aspects of cyclosporine therapy: pharmacokinetics. PMID- 3895667 TI - The case against conversion to azathioprine in cyclosporine-treated renal recipients. PMID- 3895668 TI - Cyclosporine, azathioprine, and prednisone as treatment for cyclosporine-induced nephrotoxicity in renal transplant recipients. PMID- 3895669 TI - Clinical summation. An algorithm for the management of patients with cyclosporine induced renal dysfunction. PMID- 3895670 TI - Biochemical mechanisms of nephrotoxicity. PMID- 3895671 TI - Pathogenetic mechanisms of nephrotoxicity: insights into cyclosporine nephrotoxicity. AB - Drugs may produce acute renal failure by prerenal, intrarenal and obstructive (postrenal) mechanisms. Prerenal processes usually develop from an imbalance of the normal counterbalancing vasoconstrictor and vasodilatory substances regulating RBF, resulting in a predominant vasoconstrictive state. Intrarenal processes develop from toxic renal tubule epithelial cell injury. The pathogenesis of renal cell injury is a complex interplay among derangements in subcellular membrane functions and mediators of injurious processes. Plasma and subcellular membrane injury and resulting membrane dysfunction appear most important. Cyclosporine has the ability to interact with renal tubular cell membranes in a relatively specific manner and at low concentrations. Despite this interaction, the acute declines in renal excretory function produced by cyclosporine is due predominantly to functional declines in RBF rather than structural derangements in renal tubular cell integrity. Cyclosporine-induced acute renal failure, thus, appears to be due predominantly to prerenal, rather than intrarenal, processes in the experimental animal. Cyclosporine does, however, possess a limited toxic potential to injure renal cortical cells, so that a chronic tubulointerstitial nephropathy may develop with long-term use of this immunosuppressive agent. PMID- 3895672 TI - Pathology and pathogenesis of nephrotoxic membrane damage. PMID- 3895673 TI - Experimental models of nephrotoxic acute renal failure. AB - Table 1 summarizes the findings in these three models of nephrotoxic acute renal failure. As can be noted, leakage of filtrate across damaged tubular epithelium is a factor in each instance. Some degree of tubular obstruction is probably present in each model but is of major importance only with severe tubular injury. Hemodynamic alterations and a change in the ultrafiltration coefficient may also play a role in the renal functional impairment. It is not presently possible to quantitatively determine the significance of each of these abnormalities in a given experimental model. PMID- 3895674 TI - Issues in the pathophysiology of nephrotoxic renal tubular cell injury pertinent to understanding cyclosporine nephrotoxicity. PMID- 3895675 TI - [Cytogenetics of solid human tumors]. AB - The paper presents cytogenetic data available in literature concerning results of the study of malignant somatic cells at chromosomal and genetic levels in the pretumour period and in advanced tumours. PMID- 3895676 TI - [Local x-ray spectral microanalysis in cell biology. The study of sections of hydrated biological tissues]. AB - Rules required for fixation of tissues are considered aimed for a further localization of chemical elements in these tissue by means of local X-ray microanalysis. In addition, difficulties involved in fixation of diffusible elements, such as potassium or sodium, are mentioned. Physical bases of preparation of hydrated tissues for X-ray analysis are discussed. PMID- 3895677 TI - [The dimensional stability of castings made with cold-curing resins as a pattern material]. PMID- 3895678 TI - [A clinical study of complete denture wearers. Masticatory efficiency and objective evaluation of prognosis]. PMID- 3895679 TI - [Follow-up studies on bonded bridges and splints]. PMID- 3895680 TI - [Statistics on prosthetic restorations VI]. PMID- 3895681 TI - [Adhesive resins (1). Application to opaque materials of acrylic resin veneer crowns]. PMID- 3895682 TI - Rapid methods for counting mycobacteria--comparison of methods for extraction of mycobacterial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) determined by firefly luciferase assay. AB - A comparison of 5 different methods of extraction of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) from mycobacterial cells was carried out using Mycobacterium bovis, BCG as a model. ATP was measured using the luciferin-luciferase bioluminescence reaction. Boiling buffer extraction was the best method. The amount of ATP extracted correlated with the number of colony forming units over a wide range of count. Although great sensitivity in terms of number of bacilli detectable was not achieved the method was rapid and appears suitable for drug sensitivity testing of tubercle bacilli. PMID- 3895683 TI - Immunohistochemical reactivity of the antimelanoma monoclonal antibody MEL-1. AB - The immunohistochemical reactivity of the monoclonal antimelanoma antibody MEL-1 was evaluated on frozen sections of 9 malignant melanomas, 5 nevi, 1 squamous cell carcinoma, 1 basal cell carcinoma, 2 benign dermal fibrous histiocytomas, 1 infiltrating ductal and 2 infiltrating lobular carcinomas of the breast, 1 primary squamous cell carcinoma and 1 adenocarcinoma of the lung, 1 lung metastasis of gastric adenocarcinoma, 1 adenocarcinoma of the large bowel, 1 lymph node, 1 case of malignant histiocytosis and one of lymph nodal immunoblastic lymphoma, and 1 biopsy of oral cavity mucosa. In primary and metastatic malignant melanoma, junctional nevi, and the upper half of compound and dermal nevi, the staining was intense. Also, benign dermal fibrous histiocytoma and the case of lymph nodal malignant histiocytosis showed an intense reactivity, whereas the immunostaining positivity of the squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, the lung adenocarcinoma, the squamous cutaneous and mucosal epithelium, and the sweat and sebaceous glands was slight. In ductal and lobular infiltrating carcinoma of the breast only focal areas or isolated tumor cells were positive. The lack of reactivity of deep dermal melanocytes of compound and dermal nevi may be correlated with a different antigenic phenotype of the melanocytes. After discussion of the technical problems, the application of MEL-1 was suggested, for diagnostic purpose, to identify lymph nodal metastases in cases of primary self regressed malignant melanoma and to detect lymph nodal metastatic microfoci of malignant melanoma. PMID- 3895684 TI - Role of hypoxia in photodynamic therapy of tumors. AB - The photodynamic therapy of tumors is based on a photosensitization reaction that produces oxygen-derived cytotoxic species. The availability of oxygen is therefore a necessary condition to obtain the desired effect. However, most tumors develop regions that have outgrown their vascular supply, and therefore present severe hypoxia. In many hypoxic, yet viable areas, oxygen partial pressures almost two orders of magnitude lower that in normal tissues have been measured by other authors. It is here suggested that hypoxic cells are resistant to the therapy and hence are a source of postirradiation recurrence of the tumors. Methods are reviewed and discussed that can be used to: (a) improve the tumor oxygenation status prior to, or during irradiation; (b) destroy hypoxic cells; and, (c) allow the reoxygenation of the tumor by using fractionated irradiation protocols which increase tumor photosensitivity. Hyperthermia, a therapy to which hypoxic cells are particularly sensitive, is discussed. Cellular and vascular parameters that should be considered when discussing the synergism between hyperthermia and photodynamic therapy are listed. The new research field of hypoxia mapping by nondestructive, noninvasive, imaging techniques is briefly discussed. PMID- 3895685 TI - Aminoglutethimide as second-line endocrine treatment in metastatic breast cancer. AB - Aminoglutethimide, a drug known to block adrenal steroidogenesis and peripheral aromatization of androgens to estrogens, has been found effective in the treatment of breast cancer. The drug has been used in our Institute to treat 71 consecutive metastatic breast cancer patients. Of 67 patients evaluable for response, 9 (13.4%) have achieved a partial response, 30 (44.7%) stable disease, and 28 (41.7%) progression of disease. Four patients were taken off the therapy because of drug-related toxicity. PMID- 3895686 TI - [Pinpointing varicocele]. PMID- 3895687 TI - [Diagnostic approach to hydatid cyst of the orbit]. PMID- 3895688 TI - [Problems of the visually handicapped]. PMID- 3895689 TI - [Acid proteinase from the roe of the trout Salmo gairdneri R]. AB - Acidic proteinase from the trout spawn is 640 fold purified (yield 22%). Purification includes autolysis, acid treatment, ammonium sulphate fractionation, G-100 Sephadex gel-filtration, ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. Molecular mass of the enzyme under study is 70 kDa according to the data of gel filtration. Acidic proteinase displays its greatest activity towards hemoglobin (pH 4.0, 37 degrees C) and is inhibited completely by EDTA, by 50%--by Pb2+ and soya inhibitor of trypsin and 2.8 times activated by Zn2+. Enzyme activity is not affected by dithiotreitol, iodine acetate, phenylmethylsulphonylfluoride parachloromercurybenzoate, Hg2+, Na+, Co2+, Ca2+. PMID- 3895691 TI - [Classification, occurrence and identification of coagulase-negative staphylococci from clinical specimens. Proposals for future directives]. PMID- 3895690 TI - [Post-synthetic modification of proteins]. AB - Process of postsynthetic modifications of proteins in norm are considered. Two basic groups of modification processes are singled out: 1) processes which promote appearance of derivatives for 20 basic amino acids, i.e. change in the primary structure; 2) processes which are not associated with appearance of new amino acids but are responsible mainly for the changes in the polypeptide chain conformation and size. Modification processes of amino acid variations by means of methylation, acetylation, acylation, phosphorylation, ADP-ribosylation, glycosylation, amidation, hydroxylation and metal addition are described as referred to the first group. Proteolysis reactions are characterized in detail. Their significance for formation of biologically active peptides is considered. A notion "one gene--one protein" is thought to be incompetent because formation of a number of proteins necessitates participation of tens and hundreds of genes, coding enzymes of postsynthetic modification. PMID- 3895692 TI - [Sublingual buprenorphine (Temgesic) for the management of postoperative pain. A comparative study of intramuscular pethidine and buprenorphine]. PMID- 3895693 TI - [The prune belly syndrome]. PMID- 3895694 TI - [Selenium. I. A general biological review]. PMID- 3895695 TI - [Selenium. II. A human medicine review]. PMID- 3895696 TI - [Novaluzide and ranatidine (Zantac) in the prevention of Mendelson's syndrome in emergency anesthesia. A controlled clinical study]. PMID- 3895697 TI - [Treatment of mid-clavicular fractures. A prospective randomized trial comparing treatment with a figure-eight dressing and a simple arm sling]. PMID- 3895698 TI - [The secretion inhibition effect of fibrin glue in mastectomy scars. A prospective, randomized, clinically controlled study]. PMID- 3895699 TI - [In vitro sensitivity tests of clonogenic tumor cells: a review of the subject]. PMID- 3895700 TI - [Shoulder dystocia: statistical study and review of the literature]. PMID- 3895701 TI - [Nocardiosis]. PMID- 3895702 TI - [The "Union Medicale"in 1875. Women physicians]. PMID- 3895703 TI - [The NSABP. National Surgical Adjuvant Project for Breast and Bowel Cancers. (Definition, role, methodology, therapeutic trials, results, philosophy)]. PMID- 3895704 TI - [Importance of the prenatal ultrasonic detection of surgically correctable fetal malformations]. PMID- 3895705 TI - Intraoperative consultation for the ureter. AB - Being called to the operating room to repair a surgically damaged ureter is an opportunity and challenge that requires on-the-spot decisions based on our training and experience and can result in restoring urinary tract continuity and avoiding secondary operations. A variety of functional reparative techniques are available; however, after consideration of each case in the context in which it arises, the best solution can usually be selected. PMID- 3895706 TI - Kidney recovery from the multiple organ donor. AB - Although knowledge of the details of heart, lung, liver, or pancreas dissections is not critical for urologists doing only renal procurement, understanding the principles of multiple organ procurement is important if quality kidneys are to be obtained. The needs of the various recipients must be kept in mind, especially those of heart, lung, and liver recipients, because those organs must function properly every time. Although it may be necessary in an occasional case, especially in small pediatric donors, to remove a heart or liver but not the kidneys, it is not acceptable practice to sacrifice kidneys routinely from multiple organ donors. Low wastage rates of kidneys from multiple organ donors are well documented. Rates of initial nonfunction (ATN) in patients receiving kidneys from multiple organ donors have been about 10 per cent, comparable to the initial nonfunction rates of kidneys from kidney-only donors. Renal procurement operations from cadaver donors will be done frequently in association with procurement of other vital organs. The continued availability of kidneys for transplantation should not be altered by the use of such donors as long as cooperation and careful surgical techniques are employed. PMID- 3895707 TI - Quantitative measurements of humoral immune response in mice to a FANFT induced bladder tumor. AB - Using unfixed mouse bladder tumor cells (MBT) as target cells and a modified avidin-biotin-complex (ABC) method made it possible to detect a humoral immune response in C3H mice with growing MBT tumors. The rise of the serum levels is significant (p less than 0.005) when compared to control animals and correlates with the tumor size. Mice with recurrences after surgical removal of the primary tumor had significantly (p less than 0.05) higher serum values than animals without recurrence. Purulent or granulomatous inflammatory changes, muscle necrosis, growth of a lymphoma or an ovarian carcinoma did not significantly change the results (p less than 0.05). Injection of myeloma cells from a different strain of mice caused a minimal, but significant increase in the values when compared to controls (p less than 0.0001). However, the slope of the curve differed significantly (p less than 0.05) from that in mice with MBT tumors. Irradiated MBT cells or Corynebacterium parvum used as immunomodulators significantly increased the serum values (p less than 0.001). In the presence of a growing MBT tumor, however, the immunomodulation did not substantially falsify the results. The serum values were related to the corresponding tumor sizes. PMID- 3895708 TI - Uremic acquired cystic disease of kidney. AB - Multiple cystic disease occurring in the diseased kidneys of patients with end stage renal insufficiency is called uremic acquired cystic disease of the kidney. In male patients undergoing long-term hemodialysis the incidence of ACDK is markedly high. ACDK is known to be accompanied by tumor, bleeding, calculus, abscess, etc., and the complication of cancer of the kidney is a special problem. In patients undergoing hemodialysis, occurrence of ACDK, tumor, and kidney cancer are observed respectively at the rate of 47.1, 4.8, and 1.5 per cent. When hemodialysis patients show gross hematuria, flank pain, rapid decrease in hematocrit, and sustained fever, ACDK or its complications should be investigated. Since the risk accompanied by kidney cancer is high in spite of a lack of symptoms, regular screening by ultrasonic examination or CT scan is needed. Renal transplantation is also recommended because of the regression of ACDK after successful renal transplantation. In the future, it appears that ACDK should be considered one disease entity and added to the categories of renal cystic diseases. In addition, ACDK can be studied as a model for clarification of the mechanism of cyst and tumor occurrence. PMID- 3895710 TI - Overnight concentration of urine. Natural defense mechanism against urinary tract infection. AB - Growth of Escherichia coli 06 was compared in concentrated overnight urine and dilute daytime urine. In concentrated urine, 90 per cent of the initial inoculum died during the lag phase and surviving bacteria had a long lag period before they started to grow. Once growth began, these bacteria required fifty-five hours to reach their maximum growth yield. In dilute urine, 75 per cent of the same bacteria survived the lag phase; once growth began, they reached maximum growth yield in only thirteen hours. These observations suggest that concentrated overnight urine serves as a natural defense mechanism against urinary tract infections. PMID- 3895709 TI - Hyperreninemic hypertension secondary to radiation nephritis in a child. AB - Radiation injury to the kidney, first reported almost eighty years ago, may vary from subclinical changes in renal blood flow or enzyme activity to clinically significant hypertension and/or renal failure. A child with radiation-induced hyperreninemic hypertension was cured by nephrectomy. The microscopic, subclinical, and clinical changes of irradiation injury are reviewed. The etiology of radiation-induced hypertension, methods of radioprotection, and early detection of radiation renal damage are discussed. PMID- 3895711 TI - Ultrasound experience with prenatal genitourinary abnormalities. AB - The ability to diagnose genitourinary abnormalities in the fetus frequently poses management dilemmas for the urologist. Our experience with 13 cases of abnormal fetal ultrasonography examinations thought to be genitourinary in nature underscores difficulties posed by this new technology. In 3 cases the prenatal diagnosis was eventually found to be incorrect. In 1 case, vesicoureteric reflux gave the appearance of hydronephrosis that resolved after birth. In 3 cases in which intervention was deemed necessary, the eventual outcome was unaffected. Prenatal ultrasound is most useful when detecting occult hydronephrosis that would have gone unnoticed in the routine newborn physical examination. However, our patients received no benefit from fetal intervention. PMID- 3895712 TI - Gastritis in Lake Tanganyika cichlids (Tropheus duboisii). AB - Necrotic and granulomatous gastritis is described in Lake Tanganyika cichlids. Clostridium hastiforme and flagellated protozoa were both associated with the reaction but the significance of either is unknown. Nevertheless, treatment of surviving fish with ampicillin was carried out and mortalities ceased. The possible involvement of an unsuitable diet as a predisposing factor is discussed. PMID- 3895713 TI - Real-time ultrasound scanning of bitches. PMID- 3895714 TI - Comparative bacterial drug resistance in modern battery and free-range poultry in a tropical environment. AB - A correlation between the use of antibiotics and drug resistance was found among Escherichia coli strains isolated from modern battery poultry at the University of Ibadan, Nigeria. All 1248 E coli strains from university poultry and 2196 strains from a commercial poultry farm in Ibadan were resistant to tetracycline, streptomycin and sulphonamide, the minimal inhibitory concentrations of these drugs being found to be several times those of the control E coli NCTC 10418. In contrast, all 2284 strains isolated from free-range town and village poultry were sensitive to these drugs. In the tropical developing countries with poor environmental sanitation and low personal hygiene, this situation has public health implications. PMID- 3895715 TI - A case of canine heartworm disease (Dirofilaria immitis) in the UK. PMID- 3895716 TI - Bovine botulism associated with broiler litter waste. PMID- 3895717 TI - Real-time ultrasonic scanning in the diagnosis of pregnancy and the estimation of gestational age in cattle. AB - Diagnoses of pregnancy were made on 110 Hereford cross Friesian and 69 blue grey (white shorthorn cross Galloway) cows between 92 and 202 days after last service using a real-time ultrasonic scanning instrument with a 3.5 MHz rectal transducer. Of the 174 cows which subsequently calved, one was wrongly diagnosed as non-pregnant. Of the five cows which did not subsequently calve two were diagnosed as pregnant and may in fact have been pregnant at the time of scanning. The overall level of accuracy of pregnancy diagnosis was 98.3 per cent. In further trials with 16 Hereford cross Friesian and 16 blue grey cows scanned at regular intervals between 20 and 140 days of gestation, pregnancy was diagnosed with confidence from 30 days, and relationships were established whereby gestational age could be estimated from measurements of certain uterine and fetal dimensions. Crown-rump length provided the most precise estimate of gestational age (residual sd +/- 4.5 days) and uterine diameter the least (+/- 12.6 days) with head length and the diameters of trunk, head and nose being intermediate (+/ 6.9 to 8.7 days). PMID- 3895718 TI - Postmortem guide to common poisonous plants of livestock. PMID- 3895720 TI - American Association of Poison Control Centers. 1985 Membership Directory. PMID- 3895719 TI - Radiation effects on livestock: physiological effects, dose response. AB - Farm livestock show no measurable effects from being exposed to ionizing radiation unless the level is greatly in excess of the natural background radiation. Possible sources of ionizing radiation which might affect livestock or contribute to radioactivity in the food chain to humans are reactor accidents, fuel reprocessing plant accidents and thermonuclear explosions. Most data on ionizing radiation effects on livestock are from whole body gamma doses near the LD 50/60 level. However, grazing livestock would be subjected to added beta exposure from ingested and skin retained radioactive particles. Results of attempts to simulate exposure of the Hereford cattle at Alamogardo, NM show that cattle are more sensitive to ingested fallout radiation than other species. Poultry LD 50/60 for gamma exposure is about twice the level for mammals, and swine appear to have the most efficient repair system being able to withstand the most chronic gamma exposure. Productivity of most livestock surviving an LD 50/60 exposure is temporarily reduced and longterm effects are small. Livestock are good screeners against undesirables in our diet and with the exception of radiosotopes of iodine in milk, very little fission product radioactivity would be expected to be transferred through the food chain in livestock products for humans. Feeding of stored feed or moving livestock to uncontaminated pastures would be the best protective action to follow. PMID- 3895721 TI - Tumour-associated antigens in bovine ocular squamous cell carcinoma: studies with sera from tumour-bearing animals. AB - Sera from 21 cattle (10 bovine ocular squamous cell carcinoma (BOSCC) bearing and 11 controls) were tested for antibody reactivity against various cultured cells (BOSCC, normal skin and tumours other than BOSCC), by an indirect immunofluorescence technique. Most of the BOSCC sera reacted with autologous and allogeneic BOSCC cells and did not show any significant reactivity with normal skin cells (autologous or allogeneic). These sera when further tested on 7 different allogeneic or xenogeneic tumour cell types (other than BOSCC), showed significant reactivity only with cultured equine sarcoid and cutaneous papilloma cells. Three of the BOSCC sera did not react with autologous BOSCC cells but reacted indiscriminately with all other allogeneic BOSCC, normal cells and other tumour cells. Most of the control sera did not show any significant reactivity against BOSCC cells except sera from one cow bearing ocular papilloma and 2 healthy normals that were in contact with BOSCC bearing animals. This study suggests that BOSCC cells possess tumour associated antigens that are common to most (if not all) BOSCC cells. PMID- 3895722 TI - Monoclonal antibodies that distinguish bovine T and B lymphocytes. AB - The specificities of three monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were investigated using microcytotoxicity, fluorescence microscopy and laser flow cytometry (LFC) techniques. By microcytotoxicity, bovine thymocytes (n = 4) were estimated to be 85% B26A+, 4% TH21A+, and 1% H4+. Nylon wool enriched peripheral blood T lymphocytes (n = 3) were 90% B26A+, 10% TH21A+ and 10% H4+. Adherent B cell enriched fractions (n = 3) were 10% B26A+, 90% TH21A+ and 90% H4+. The two fluorochrome method was used to simultaneously identify lymphocytes that were sIg+ and MAb+. In these experiments, 92% of all sIg+ cells were H4+. An identical result was obtained for TH21A. 85% of all sIg- cells were B26A+. Using LFC, the mean percentages of sIg+, H4+ and TH21A+ PBL (n = 5) were not significantly different. B26A recognized a significantly greater population of cells, equivalent to the expected percentage of T lymphocytes. LFC also revealed two relatively discrete sizes of B26A+ PBL. The larger population overlapped the size range in which sIg+, H4+, TH21A+ PBL were found. The more numerous smaller B26A+ PBL were in a size range in which few sIg+, H4+ and TH21A+ PBL were found. In a study of MAb reactions with PBL of 185 cows, it was shown that in 92% of the animals H4 and TH21A were positively correlated (r = +.93), when H4 and TH21A were negatively correlated with B26A (r = -.94 and r = -.92, respectively). These correlation coefficients indicate a converse relationship between B26A and both H4 and TH21A. The remaining 8% of the animals were heterogeneous in their expression of the H4 and TH21A markers but not the B26A marker. These results provide strong evidence that: 1) B26A is a pan-T lymphocyte MAb in cattle, 2) a small but significant degree of heterogeneity exists in the expression of the epitopes recognized by H4 and TH21A. However, both MAbs recognize all B lymphocytes of most individuals, and 3) using a variety of immunological methods these three MAbs can now reliably be used to assay bovine T and B lymphocytes. PMID- 3895723 TI - An in vitro preparation and study of cells in cat visual cortex. AB - We have described full details of the preparation of slices from the visual cortex of cats. Then, we presented the results concerning the effects of the deprivation of glucose from the circulating medium on neuronal activities in the slices and the electrophysiological criteria for identifying glial cells in the sliced brain tissues. The results indicated that transsynaptic responses were reversibly blocked within 10-20 min, while nonsynaptic responses continued for more than 60 min in the glucose-free medium. We showed that glial cells could be identified according to the criteria proposed in in vivo experiments. PMID- 3895724 TI - Intrinsic connectivity and receptive field properties in visual cortex. AB - In order to obtain insights into the mechanisms by which the cells in primary visual cortex generate their receptive field properties, we have investigated the intrinsic cortical circuitry by intracellular recording and dye injection. The dye injection technique in combination with 3-dimensional computer graphic reconstructions from serial sections allows us to visualize the full dendritic and axonal arbors of cells. We have also studied cells that are postsynaptic to the injected cells by serial EM reconstruction of the postsynaptic dendrites. Taken together, this methodology has extended our knowledge of interlaminar and horizontal cortical connections, and we present hypotheses on the relationship between these connections and specific receptive field features. PMID- 3895726 TI - [40 years ago our socialist health care system was founded]. PMID- 3895725 TI - Biological image motion processing: a review. PMID- 3895727 TI - [The effect of the degree of processing of denture materials used in the construction of fixed dentures on gingival health]. PMID- 3895728 TI - [Evaluation of methods for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzymes in blood]. PMID- 3895729 TI - [Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli as a cause of an enterocolitis epidemic in soldiers]. PMID- 3895730 TI - [Parkinson's syndrome. Etiopathogenesis and possibilities of treatment]. PMID- 3895731 TI - [Current concepts of the collagen components of cartilage tissue (review)]. PMID- 3895732 TI - [Soviet medical chemistry during World War II]. PMID- 3895733 TI - [Morphological and molecular biological aspects of the origin of experimental stomach cancer]. PMID- 3895734 TI - [Micromodification of the leukocyte adherence inhibition test for cancer patients]. AB - A simplified micromodification of the leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) test using both leukocytes and lymphocytes from peripheral blood of cancer patients is discussed. Data on oncoimmunologic specificity and cellular mechanisms underlying the proposed procedure as well as the results of a comparative study of LAI factor-producing T-cell and immunoregulatory (Tmu and T gamma) lymphocyte subpopulations in breast cancer patients are presented. The LAI-test micromodification may be adjunct in breast cancer diagnosis. It may be employed for monitoring T-cell specific immunity in cancer patients and further study of LAI factor-producing T-cells as a component of the structure of T-cell subpopulations. PMID- 3895735 TI - [Blood levels of various hormones in patients with ischemic heart disease and obesity]. PMID- 3895736 TI - [Characteristics of hormonal changes in patients with primary gastroduodenitis and duodenal ulcer]. PMID- 3895737 TI - [The sensitizing effect of detergents after their combined percutaneous entry into the body]. PMID- 3895738 TI - [Deregulation of adaptation in gastroenterology]. PMID- 3895739 TI - [Etiopathogenesis of hypertension]. PMID- 3895741 TI - [Additional information on the history of Balkan endemic nephropathy]. AB - The paper presents additional information to the bibliographic check up in the two papers of Asst. Prof. Dimitrov, published in the periodical "Vutreshni bolesti" in 1982 as regards the history of Balkan endemic nephropathy, being of importance for the early history of the disease. Some of the data not accurately cited in the two papers of Asst. Prof. Dimitrov are corrected. Critical notes are also presented about the erroneous interpretation of some of the early written scientific facts. PMID- 3895742 TI - [Mycoplasma infections of the excretory system]. PMID- 3895740 TI - [Factors affecting the antigenicity of exogenous insulin in diabetics]. AB - The antigenic properties of insulin and the effect of additional factors on them, HL-A-phenotype including were studied under different conditions in 3 groups of diabetic patients (I--71 patients treated with insulin, II--48 diabetic patients- never treated with insulin and III--51 diabetics, treated at least 6 months with conventional insulin and later treated with monocomponent insulin "Actrapid"). In some other experiments, making use of 7 groups guinea pigs, the antigenicity of different trade insulin preparations was tested. The antibody titre was assessed by the insulin-binding serum capacity, incubated with 131I-insulin. The authors established a significant dependence of antibody titre on insulin during insulin treatment and insignificant--with the age of the patients, duration of insulin treatment and HL-A phenotype. The last correlation with HLA-phenotype B 15 was highly significant. A reduction of antibody titre was established after changing from conventional to highly-purified monocomponent insulin preparation and anew elevation of titre with the resumed treatment with non-purified insulin forms according to special ways. All insulin preparations, that the separate groups of guinea pigs were injected, led to significant increase of antibody titre in the experimental animals. The better purified of them, however, as "insulin Comb" and Bulgarian "neutral porcine insulin"--Pharmachim, are less antigenic. A treatment with highly purified preparations is recommended for the diabetic patients with HLA-phenotype B 15. PMID- 3895743 TI - [Possible role of apometallothioneins]. AB - A hypothesis is proposed admitting the participation of apometallothioneines (AMT) as a common link in the etiopathogenesis of hypertonic disease (HD) and some diseases with polygene heredity. The preconditions of the hypothesis are discussed (role of genetic disposition, external factors as salt, stress, tobacco smoking, alcohol, microelements--V and Cd and glucocorticoids in the origination of arterial hypertension). AMT homeostasis is discussed as well as the possible connection with the metabolism of Zn and Cu and Cu in organism. The chelating capacity of AMT makes it a potential regulatory protein, associated with the activity of Zn- and Cu-dependent enzymes and metalloenzymes. The mosaicism of pathology is explained with the genetic polymorphism of those enzymes (D beta H, MAO, etc), regardless of the common etiopathogenetic link. Some schemes are presented illustrating the hypothesis. The tendencies of the future studies are outlined in searching of direct proofs of the hypothesis. PMID- 3895744 TI - [Comparative clinical x-ray, radioisotope nephrographic and ultrasonic studies of chronic pyelonephritis patients]. AB - The authors compare the incidence of the changes established by X-ray, radioisotope-nephrographic and ultrasound studies on 115 patients with chronic pyelonephritis. Most frequent and most characteristic are the changes with venous urography. Though not specific, the changes in the isotope-nephrogram and ultrasound contribute to the establishment of functional and structural disturbances in chronic pyelonephritis. They have no contraindications for application, hence they are of high value in the presence of chronic renal insufficiency, where venous urographic is not effective. The ultrasound study has indisputable advantages in establishing the X-ray negative calculi, renal cysts and a functioning kidney. PMID- 3895745 TI - [Staphylococcal coagglutination test for detecting antibody-coated bacteria in the urine]. AB - An easy and rapid staphylococcal coagulation test is described for detection of bacteria, covered with antibodies in urine of patients with chronic pyelonephritis as an additional index of the etiological role of the isolated microorganisms and localization of the pathological process. Inactivated and stabilized protein A containing strain S. aureus Cowan's (SSM 2352) was used. The coagulation test is negative in infectious processes of the lower segments of urinary system and bacterial contamination of urine. PMID- 3895746 TI - [Treatment and prevention of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and flutter with quinidine retard]. AB - The ability of quinidine retard of restoring sinus rhythm and further maintenance after successful regulation were checked in 42 patients with flutter and fibrillation in an open clinical trial. Quinidine retard restores the sinus rhythm in less patients (60.0%) than quinidine sulphate (81,8%). At the same time, it maintains sinus rhythm in 91,4 per cent of the cases in anti-recurrence treatment. That makes quinidine retard adequate for long-term administration. PMID- 3895747 TI - [Dynamics of blood glucose, serum insulin and lipids during the oral glucose tolerance test in hyperthyroidism]. AB - Blood glucose, serum level of IRI, NEFA, total and HDL-cholesterol during oral loading with 100 g glucose were studied in 42 patients (37 females and 5 males), at an average age of 46,3, with various forms of hyperthyroidism. Diabetes mellitus was established in 3 patients, and in 10--reduced glucose tolerance. The basal insulinemia is increased in the patients with normal glucose tolerance (mean value 36,34 microU/ml), as compared with those with reduced tolerance (22,94 microU/ml). It manifested a moderate increase but slowed down reduction during the test. The insulin-glucose ratio, an indirect index for tissue insulin resistance, is four-fold increased as compared with the healthy. The total cholesterol and NEFA in the patients with normal and reduced glucose tolerance were with similar levels but during the test NEFA were more pronouncedly reduced in case of normal tolerance. The level of HDL-cholesterol in patients with reduced tolerance is lower (means +/- S = 0,77 +/- 0,42 mmol/l), though insignificantly, as compared with that of normal tolerance (1,03 +/- 0,4 mmol/l). The changes in triglycerides are but opposite: higher (2,21 +/- 0,67 mmol/l) with reduced and lower (1,74 +/- 1,46 mmol/l) in normal glucose tolerance. The differences in HDL-cholesterol and in triglycerides grow in the course of the test. The role of the altered lipid indices is discussed, particularly in reduced glucose tolerance, in the genesis of cardiac complications in hyperthyroidism. PMID- 3895748 TI - Use of captopril in diagnosis of renovascular hypertension. PMID- 3895749 TI - Spinal dysraphism--a review. PMID- 3895750 TI - Biographical outline of the late Philip Irving Boyd. PMID- 3895752 TI - [Myelography and headache]. AB - The side effects associated with the use of Metrizamide, Iopamidol and Iotrol in two double blind studies on lumbar myelography were determined. The cause of headache is explained on the one hand as the result of the distribution of the contrast substance in the CSF space (early headache) and on the other hand due to the CSF leak through the puncture lesion. Iotrol seems to be the safest contrast substance for intrathecal use, however it should be used in the smallest possible amount to reduce even further contrast-related effects in myelography. PMID- 3895753 TI - [Campylobacter jejuni infections in children]. AB - In a two-year-study, the primary feces of all children with gastroenteritis or acute abdominal symptoms were checked for the presence of Campylobacter jejuni (C. j.) even when there was no diarrhea. C. j. could be isolated 19 times from among 974 fecal samples. The most frequent admission diagnosis after gastroenteritis was the suspicion of appendicitis. In the forefront of the clinical picture was abdominal pain, which radiated into the right lower abdomen especially in children of school age, and which was frequently not accompanied by diarrhea. Apart from a leucocytosis with left shift, the laboratory results obtained revealed no parameters which could be utilized for early diagnosis of C. j. infection. 16 out of 19 isolated strains were sensitive to erythromycin. It is still uncertain whether the clinical picture under discussion can indeed be mitigated by administration of erythromycin, and for this reason controlled prospective studies would be desirable. PMID- 3895754 TI - Health needs and social policy. AB - This article describes demographic and economic factors that impinge on the health care of elderly women. Policies that control access to and utilization of health and long term care services are discussed. Some of the shortcomings of past policies are noted and current social reform efforts aimed at greater policy equity for elder women are reviewed. PMID- 3895751 TI - Myasthenia gravis--current concepts. AB - An edited summary of an Interdepartmental Conference arranged by the Department of Medicine of the UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles. The Director of Conferences is William M. Pardridge, MD, Associate Professor of Medicine. Current findings indicate that autoimmune myasthenia gravis is an acquired immune complex disorder of neuromuscular transmission in voluntary striated muscle. There is a break in immunologic tolerance leading to blocking and degradation of acetylcholine receptors, together with widening of the synaptic cleft associated with partial destruction, simplification and shortening of the postjunctional membrane. Thymic hyperplasia and thymoma may be present. A decremental response to nerve-muscle stimulation, blocking and jitter on single-fiber electromyography and circulating antibodies to acetylcholine receptor are detectable in most patients with generalized weakness. Although the cause of this abnormal immunologic mechanism remains to be discovered, anticholinesterases, corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, plasmapheresis or thymectomy (individually or in combination) provide control and better prognosis in most patients. PMID- 3895755 TI - Respite care: temporary relief for caregivers. AB - Recent respite care research is reviewed, advantages and disadvantages of respite and home-based care are presented, and some recommendations are introduced. It may be more cost-effective to invest in caregivers' physical, financial, and emotional well-being than to provide the care required when caregivers become "patients." Practical and policy issues are raised regarding the desirability of investment in respite care. PMID- 3895757 TI - The role of the nurse in the bone marrow unit. PMID- 3895756 TI - [Regulation and determinants of sex behavior]. AB - One has to distinguish masculine sex behavior and estrogens alone or in combination with gestagens evoke feminine sex behavior. The central integrator for the induction of sex behavior is located in diencephalic nuclei. If sex hormones are lacking, the sex drive is fading off, except in women. Sex hormones are also responsible for the determination of those neutral centres controlling male or female sex behavior later in life in most species. Based on animal datas and on retrospective inquiries of homosexuals or mothers of homosexuals, a hypothesis for the etiology of homo-, bi- and hyposexuality has been developed by Dorner. Absence or deficiency of androgens in the critical phase of "brain differentiation" leads to male homo-, bi- or hyposexuality, respectively. If androgens become active in the critical phase of female differentiation, then the result will be female homo-, bi- or hyposexuality, respectively. This hypothesis will be critical evaluated. PMID- 3895758 TI - [Alcohol and fertility: sex hormones]. AB - Alcohol is a noxious substance with considerable effects on men's potency and fertility. In case of acute intoxication as well as in case of long-term effects of ethanol there is a significant decrease of testosterone and a consecutive increase of gonadotrophin LH resulting in primary hypogonadism. Moreover, chronic alcoholism leads to organic damages of the testes and the liver. Consequently the clinical symptoms and laboratory data show complex changes. Aside from the decrease of testosterone there is an increase of oestrogens (chiefly of estrone); thus increased oestrogenial effects are found in connection with changes regarding synthesis, metabolism, conversion, as well as intravascular and intracellular (receptors) binding proteins. These patients often show gynaecomastia. PMID- 3895759 TI - ["Environment and fertility". A contribution to the sensitivity of male germ cells to environmental pollutants]. AB - If "early cells of the germ line" or stem cells of a man or other male mammals are irreversibly damaged by noxious agents, such as ionizing rays, cytostatic drugs or others, you will find Sertoli-cells-only-syndrome. In contrast, the loss of differentiating spermatogonia, spermatocytes, or spermatids is a temporal phenomenon, as long as the systems of the somatic cells in the testis are intact. Irreversible damage of these cell systems, however - e.g. Leydig cell system and vascular system which are both situated in the extratubular compartment, the boundary tissue, or the Sertoli cells - results in permanent infertility just as in case of irreversible damage of cells of the "early germ line" or stem cells. On the other hand, a temporary damage of the somatic cell systems in the testis brought about by irritations of the extra- or intratesticular control systems may be neutralized by cure of the impairment. Mutations of the genetic matter caused by exogenous agents in the cells of the germ line are of limited importance to the fertility of the individual but have considerable significance for the genetic state of the population as a whole. Genetic damage of "early cells of the germ line" or stem cells is of higher consequence than negative alteration of the genome in cells belonging to the differentiating part of the germ line. On the other hand, the sensitivity of the genome is especially pronounced in spermatocytes and spermatids, the most advanced cells of the male germ line. The sensitivity of the cell (CS) and the sensitivity of the genome (GMS) frequently do not coincide. PMID- 3895760 TI - [In memoriam Rudolf Doepfmer]. PMID- 3895761 TI - [Anti-angina effect of the calcium antagonist bepridil in stable angina pectoris]. AB - Twelve patients with angiographically proven coronary artery disease and stable, exercise-induced angina pectoris were treated in a randomized sequence with placebo (PL) and bepridil tablets in maintenance doses of 200 mg, 400 mg and 600 mg per day for one week each, according to a double blind-protocol with intra individual cross-over. The four treatment phases were separated by 2-week wash out periods (placebo). On day 7 of each treatment phase and at the end of each wash-out period heart rate and blood pressure were measured 2 and 5 hours after drug intake and exercise stress testing was performed. The mean plasma concentrations at the end of the 1-week treatment periods 2 hours after drug intake were: 375 +/- 202 ng/ml (200 mg/day), 844 +/- 273 ng/ml (400 ng/day) and 1378 +/- 538 ng/ml (600 mg/day). Systolic blood pressure was not influenced by either bepridil dose. Diastolic blood pressure was slightly reduced (-6%) after 600 mg bepridil/day (p less than 0.05). While heart rate at rest in the upright position tended to lower values with regard to bepridil dosages, it was significantly lowered at the end of stress testing (2 hours/5 hours):400 mg: -7% (p less than 0.05)/-15% (p less than 0.05); 600 mg: -11% (p less than 0.001)/-10% (p less than 0.05). Myocardial ischemia (sum of ST-segment depressions) was improved in a dose-dependent manner (2 hours/5 hours):200 mg: -21% (p less than 0.05)/-31% (n.s.); 400 mg: -27% (n.s.)/-31% (p less than 0.01); 600 mg: -56% (p les than 0.001)/-55% (p less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3895762 TI - An immunohistochemical survey of endocrine cells and nerves in the proximal duodenum of the echidna, Tachyglossus aculeatus. PMID- 3895763 TI - Isolation of labeled lipoprotein from Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis after incubation with [14C]penicillin. AB - [14C]penicillin binding experiments and membrane analysis were carried out with cell envelope preparations from Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis. After incubation with [14C]penicillin G labeled free lipoprotein could be identified. The analysis of the isolated lipoprotein by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicates that there is only one protein with an apparent molecular weight of 7000. The amino acid composition of isolated labeled free lipoprotein from E. coli was identical to the lipoprotein already found in E. coli. It is a point of interest that the amino acid composition of the isolated labeled free lipoprotein from P. mirabilis D 52 differs from that found in other mutants of this strain. The free form of lipoprotein from P. mirabilis D 52 is composed of 61 amino acids and has glycine, phenylalanine and proline as specific components. PMID- 3895764 TI - On the role of branched-chain amino acids in protein turnover of skeletal muscle. Studies in vivo with L-norleucine. AB - The effect of L-norleucine, an isomer of leucine, on protein metabolism in vivo was studied in suckling rats. Rats were injected subcutaneously with various doses of L-norleucine (0.5 and 5.0 mumol/g body wt.) every 12 h from 3 to 15 days post partum. Protein concentration, amino acid concentrations, and incorporation of [3H]tyrosine into protein were analyzed in liver, muscles of thigh and small intestine. Amino acid concentrations and insulin levels in serum were also measured. At 5 days of age, norleucine induced an increase in protein concentration of skeletal muscle with an increased incorporation of [3H]tyrosine into protein indicating an accelerated protein synthesis. Changes in protein metabolism were paralleled by alterations in the amino acid pattern of this tissue. When protein concentration and protein synthesis were increased in skeletal muscle, protein concentration of small intestine was decreased, accompanied by elevated levels of amino acids in tissue. Protein synthesis of small intestine was not altered by the norleucine treatment. The results suggest a close interrelationship between skeletal muscle and small intestine with respect to protein turnover. The effects of norleucine were less pronounced at 10 and 15 days of age, which indicates a metabolic adaptation to the treatment. Alterations in amino acid concentrations of tissue due to changes in protein metabolism were not uniform but tissue-specific. Current concepts for explaining the effects of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) on protein turnover in skeletal muscle are based on the assumption that the BCAA or leucine alone might become rate-limiting for protein synthesis in muscle under catabolic conditions. The amino acid analogue norleucine, however, cannot replace any of the BCAA in protein. Additionally, norleucine affected protein metabolism in highly anabolic organisms. Therefore, the present thoughts on this issue appear to be incomplete. PMID- 3895765 TI - Effect of poly-L-lysine and neuraminidase on the infectivity of Trypanosoma cruzi in cultured HeLa cells. AB - The percentage of parasitisation and index of adherence of Trypanosoma cruzi has been studied when host HeLa cells or metacyclic forms were pretreated with neuraminidase or with poly-L-lysine. The percentage of parasitisation was significatively reduced (P less than or equal to 0.001) when cells were pretreated with poly-L-lysine while pretreatment with neuraminidase caused no apparent effects. On the other hand, the adherence of the metacyclic forms pretreated with poly-L-lysine or neuraminidase was significantly higher than that of the control group. PMID- 3895766 TI - Electron microscope observations on the interaction of Mycoplasma fermentans with Trichomonas vaginalis. AB - Cultures of Trichomonas vaginalis were found to be contaminated with Mycoplasma fermentans. By means of electron microscopy the interaction between the prokaryotic organisms and the trichomonads was examined. Cells of M. fermentans were observed in the medium; some of them were attached to the surface of the trichomonads and others were observed in membrane-bounded vacuoles of trichomonads. They were also present in the ground substance of the cytoplasm. The mycoplasmas divided by binary fission like other prokaryotes. The most obvious change occurring in the infected trichomonad cells was an increase in number of vacuoles containing mycoplasmas. PMID- 3895767 TI - Electron microscopic studies on the interaction of rat Kupffer cells and Plasmodium berghei sporozoites. AB - The interactions between Plasmodium berghei sporozoites and Kupffer cells in rat liver were studied by transmission electron microscopy. Between 10 and 45 min after inoculation, sporozoites were found in the process of entering Kupffer cells and inside phagolysosomes. The sporozoites entered the Kupffer cells by phagocytosis as determined by the presence of pseudopods and local accumulations of aggregated microfilaments and the resulting exclusion of other organelles in the phagocyte cytoplasm beneath the attached parasite. Sporozoites were taken up either with their anterior end first, or backwards. Scanning electron microscopy of in vitro sporozoite Kupffer cell interaction confirmed these observations. It was concluded that sporozoites are taken up in a normal phagocytic way by the Kupffer cells, regardless of their initial place of contact or position. Thirty min after inoculation sporozoites found in phagolysosomes were still morphologically intact but after 45 min we could encounter completely digested sporozoites. PMID- 3895768 TI - [Training and conversation help patients to stay free from pain]. PMID- 3895769 TI - [Current aspects of infection in newborn infants]. PMID- 3895770 TI - [Effect of insulin and its polymeric analogs on learning and memory processes in the rabbit]. AB - The effect of insulin and its seven synthetic derivatives on spontaneous bioelectrical activity of the cerebral cortex of rabbits was described in the paper. The influence of these substances on consolidation of long-term memory of white rats was shown at normal state and during experimental neurosis. Insulin was supposed to influence the higher nervous activity not only through glucose metabolism but also by means of increase of permeability of biological membranes for amino acids. PMID- 3895771 TI - [Work of E. A. Asratian on the theory of traumatic shock and anti-shock fluid]. PMID- 3895772 TI - [Hearing disorders as a result of brain injuries during the war years]. PMID- 3895773 TI - [From the Rudolf Virchow collection of pathologic anatomic specimens at the Charite: 6 urinary bladder calculi from the year 1729]. AB - The Virchow-Collection contains 6 urinary calculi. They were found at a post mortem examination performed by the Berlin physician Lesser in 1729 on a 34-year old man. Lesser's original description has recently been rediscovered and is published in the article. PMID- 3895774 TI - [Spontaneous femoral condyle necrosis of the knee joint (Ahlback disease)]. AB - The aetiology of Morbus Ahlback (spontaneous osteonecrosis of the femoral condyles of the knee joint) is still unknown. Sudden onset of pain characterises the beginning of complaints. Only scintimetry results in early diagnosis. Larger osteonecroses are to be treated surgically, for example by osteotomy. In extensive osteonecroses we prefer alloarthroplastic replacement (mostly unicondylar). PMID- 3895775 TI - [Significance of the suture technic and anastomosis sites for continence following deep rectum resection]. AB - In a controlled clinical trial of 60 patients who underwent low anterior resection we found no influence of anal continence due to suture technique. Continence depends on the level and healing of anastomosis. Below a level of 6 cm from the anocutaneous line we more frequently found a reduction of functional reservoir in the 'neorectum', especially in cases with suture line leakage at anastomosis. Usually, the weakness of continence due to reduced functional reservoir was a temporary situation which lasted not longer than 6 months, if anastomosis healed without insufficiency. PMID- 3895776 TI - Epidemiological study of Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis infections in Shimane Prefecture, Japan. AB - In Shimane Prefecture, Japan, 175 Yersinia enterocolitica isolates from 6,479 stools and 347 appendixes of patients were separated into biotype 3B (VP-, sorbose-, inositol-) serotype O3 phage type II (22 isolates); biotype 4 (84 isolates), biotype 4 (ornithine-) (16 isolates) and biotype 4 (maltose-) (9 isolates) of serotype O3 phage type VIII, biotype 2 serotype O9 (1 isolate) and biotype 1 (43 isolates). This may be the first documentation of isolation of Y. enterocolitica biotype 3B serotype O3 phage type II from patients. Twenty-three Yersinia pseudotuberculosis isolates from stools of 23 patients were grouped into serotypes IB (13 isolates), III (2 isolates) and IVB (8 isolates). Clinical manifestations were more numerous in Y. pseudotuberculosis infections than Y. enterocolitica O3 infections. Y. enterocolitica O3 was more frequently isolated between summer and autumn but Y. pseudotuberculosis and Y. enterocolitica biotype 1 were isolated between winter and spring. Secondary infection with Yersinia among close family members was frequent. Y. enterocolitica O3 and Y. pseudotuberculosis infected persons excreted 10(4) to 10(9) viable cells per g stool during 27 and 19 days, but Y. enterocolitica biotype 1 strains were detected only when using enrichment techniques. Serological responses were not observed in under 2 year old persons infected with Y. enterocolitica O3. PMID- 3895777 TI - Sampling and isolation of Cryptococcus neoformans from indoor air with the aid of the Reuter Centrifugal Sampler (RCS) and guizotia abyssinica creatinine agar. A contribution to the mycological-epidemiological control of Cr. neoformans in the fecal matter of caged birds. AB - In February and March 1984, Cryptococcus neoformans was detected in the manure and ambient air of a volery in the Berlin Zoo in which a Palm Cockatoo (Probosciger aterrimus) was kept. Both times, 5 colony-forming units of Cr. neoformans could be isolated on the differential medium, Guizotia abyssinica creatinine agar, from 40 1 of air aspirated by the Reuter Centrifugal Sampler (RCS). The absence of a concurrent growth of moulds was found to be of special importance for the optimal isolation of Cr. neoformans on the above mentioned agar for purposes of epidemiological research into airborne dissemination of the fungus. The advantages and disadvantages of 0.1% biphenyl to inhibit concurring growth of moulds are discussed. The control of habitats and foci of Cr. neoformans in zoos and similar establishments is considered a necessity, to prevent inhalatory exposure of susceptible, e.g. immuno-compromised persons. PMID- 3895778 TI - [Aspiration of chorionic tissue: diagnostic potential in prenatal (fetal) diagnosis]. AB - The authors have investigated the possibilities of obtaining chorionic villi from legal pregnancy termination patients between the 7th and 11th week and the method of direct chromosome preparation from the villi as well. According to their investigations under continuous "real time" ultrasound guidance and with the immediate microscopic checking of the obtained material it is possible to receive chorionic villi of necessary quantity in nearly 100% of the cases, and after 2 or 3 hours the evaluation in a great deal of mitosis of good quality can be carried out. The method may revolutionize the prenatal (fetal) diagnosis, but its routine application may not be proposed until the rate of fetal risk is exactly known. PMID- 3895779 TI - [Prophylactic cerclage in placenta praevia?]. AB - In 12 patients a placenta previa was diagnosed sonographically between 17th and 24th gestational week. A prophylactic cerclage was done in all of them between 18th and 24th week. In no case a placenta previa could be proved by ultrasonic controls. Because of the so called migration of the placenta prophylactic measurements are indicated only after the 30th gestational week. A persistent pathological insertion has to be taken into account only at this moment. PMID- 3895780 TI - [Effect of early sonographic placental maturity on birth weight]. AB - Dependence of birth weight from placental maturity could be demonstrated by sonographic judgement of placental structure during pregnancy in 784 pregnant women. Early was children in with low birth weight generally seen placental maturity. In children with birth weight over 3500 grs first findings of placental maturity were in 81.8% after 35 weeks gestation. There may be possible correlations between placental maturity and risk factors typical for low placental perfusion with the consequence of fetal growth retardation as hypertension, hypotension, stress and smoking. PMID- 3895781 TI - [Monoamniotic twin pregnancy with knotted umbilical cords]. AB - Monoamniotic twins and true knots of the umbilical cord have a rare occurrence, their coincidence, however, is frequent by more than a half of the observations. There is a case report. The complication could be recognized by cardiotocographic control of the fetuses and both viable children had been delivered by a well timed cesarean section. It is demanded a premature diagnosis of the twin pregnancy by ultrasonographics B-mode with evidence of the membranes, greatest care to surveillance of out-patient and hospitalized pregnant women, cardiotocographic control of the twins sub partu and generous indication for cesarean section. PMID- 3895782 TI - [Timely diagnosis and successful therapy of a fetal cardiac arrhythmia. Clinical case contribution to prenatal diagnosis]. AB - The intention of this case report in its dramatic was to illustrate the importance of an intensive prenatal diagnosis in order succeed by an early treatment. During routine prenatal care a fetal intrauterine persistent severe tachycardia resistant to therapy was developed in the 32nd gestational week by chance. Further intensive ultrasonic diagnostics, trial of drug cardioversion, untimely caesarean section immediately following the first signs of fetal cardiac insufficiency, presence of a specialist in pediatric cardiology and instant therapy made it avoid the otherwise lethal event. PMID- 3895783 TI - [Thanatophoric dwarfism]. AB - The thanatophoric dwarfism is a relatively rare disease. The course of a pregnancy with this in every case lethal syndrome is demonstrated in one case. The possible ultrasonographic suspected diagnosis is discussed. If the diagnosis is certain termination of pregnancy is indicated. PMID- 3895785 TI - [Soviet psychiatry during World War II]. PMID- 3895784 TI - [Soviet neuropathology during World War II]. PMID- 3895786 TI - [The Perm Regional Psychiatric Hospital--150th anniversary]. PMID- 3895787 TI - [Genetic epidemiology of schizophrenia (review)]. PMID- 3895788 TI - [Clinical features of generalized epilepsy]. AB - The pattern of generalized seizures was studied in 75 patients with the primary, mixed and secondary forms of generalized epilepsy. The majority of the patients (n-52) presented with generalized seizures with a complex development of generalized and partial motor disturbances throughout the entire paroxysm. The disturbances were divided into 3 variants. Referred to the first variant are convulsive manifestations in the structure of grand mal epilepsy when, in the presence of bilateral convulsions, they were predominant in the facial muscles on one side or muscles of the anterior or posterior aspect of the body. If generalized seizures were more predominant on one side, such motor disorders were attributed to the 2nd variant. The 3rd variant of generalized epileptic seizures was characterized by asymmetric convulsions. PMID- 3895789 TI - [Personality aspects of psychosomatic correlations in essential hypertension (review)]. PMID- 3895790 TI - Intravesical ultrasonography as an aid to study the size of bladder cancers. AB - On clinical examination of 50 patients with bladder cancer the authors performed intravesical ultrasonography. By this method they never failed to detect the tumours. The stage of the pathological material obtained by operation or at autopsy was compared with that obtained by the intravesical ultrasonography. In 88% of the cases the two classifications gave identical results. By ultrasonography the pathologic stage was overestimated in 4, and underestimated in 2 cases. Intravesical ultrasonography can be combined with cystoscopy. It is a fast procedure and an ideal supplement to cystoscopy. The combination of the two methods permits the localization of intravesical tumours as well as the estimation of invasion and of the degree of infiltration. PMID- 3895791 TI - Systemic versus intracoronary thrombolytic treatment in acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 3895792 TI - Relationships between blood pressure, heart rate and plasma epinephrine, norepinephrine, angiotensin II concentrations, plasma renin activity during chronic guanfacine therapy in patients with essential arterial hypertension. AB - The evolution of blood pressure, heart rate, epinephrine, norepinephrine, angiotensin II and plasma renin activity has been studied in 10 patients with essential arterial hypertension before and during a two months period of treatment with guanfacine, a new centrally acting hypotensive drug. Guanfacine was proven effective in lowering both systolic and diastolic supine and standing blood pressure. A decrease in supine and standing norepinephrine plasma concentrations and plasma renin activity was observed. No change was seen in epinephrine or angiotensin II. The fall in supine blood pressure observed during the treatment period was positively correlated with the change in norepinephrine. PMID- 3895794 TI - Evaluation of bone marrow transplantation for haematological disorders. PMID- 3895793 TI - Effect of a calcium antagonist: verapamil on resting blood pressure and pressor response to dynamic exercise. AB - Effects of Verapamil, 120 mg t.i.d. in twenty-one hypertensive patients were assessed at rest and during dynamic exercise. The selection criterion was a diastolic blood pressure (DBP) found, at least 3 times, between 95 and 115 mmHg, not responding to placebo therapy. After 30 days of treatment with Verapamil, the resting systolic blood pressure (SBP) and DBP respectively decreased from 151.8 to 137.5 mmHg (p less than 0.001) and from 103.2 to 89.8 mmHg (p less than 0.001). The blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) responses to dynamic exercise were also significantly blunted and the BP profile on effort was normalized in about half of the cases. Finally, the automatic recording of BP by a non invasive device showed a fall in the mean blood pressure (MBP) from 100.6 to 90.8 mmHg (p less than 0.001). The best results were obtained in patients with lower pretreatment plasma renin activity index and higher DBP or MBP automatically measured. The degree of response was not significantly related to age nor to plasma homovanillic acid level, which, however, significantly rose in all patients following therapy. This increase in sympathetic tone suggests a vasodilatory effect of Verapamil. The tolerance was good in all patients but four, whose electrocardiogram showed some alteration of atrio-ventricular conduction. PMID- 3895795 TI - [Insulin resistance and acanthosis nigricans]. PMID- 3895796 TI - Review of the immunological aspects of the pathogenesis, diagnosis and prognosis of urinary tract infections. PMID- 3895797 TI - Malignant lymphoma of the uterine cervix. Cytologic diagnosis of a case with immunocytochemical corroboration. AB - The cytologic findings in a case of primary malignant lymphoma of the uterine cervix initially suggested the presence of a malignant neoplasm. By the use of immunologic methods, the lymphoma cells were shown to possess the nature of B lymphocytes. The need for cytochemical study to make a definitive diagnosis of this rare condition is emphasized. The cytologic findings are compared with those of cytologically similar conditions in the cervix: reticulum-cell sarcoma, chloroma and endometrial stromal sarcoma. PMID- 3895798 TI - Exfoliative cytology of angiosarcoma of the pulmonary artery. AB - A case of primary angiosarcoma arising from the pulmonary artery of the left upper lobe is documented. Clinically, the tumor presented as an asymptomatic solitary lung mass. Exfoliated tumor cells in bronchial washing material occurred singly, in irregular clusters and in sheets with focal glandlike arrangement. They showed ill-defined, pale cytoplasm and fairly regular round-to-oval nuclei with irregular chromatin patterns. PMID- 3895799 TI - Effects of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LRH) upon bioactive and immunoreactive serum LH in patients with Turner's syndrome before and after oestrogen treatment. AB - One daily dose of 0.05 mg ethinyl oestradiol was administered to 5 patients with Turner's syndrome (mean age +/- SEM = 16.4 +/- 0.7 years) for 10 days. The effects of acute stimulation with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LRH) (0.1 mg iv) on biologically active and immunoreactive LH were analysed before therapy and at the end of oestrogen treatment. Bioactive LH (BIO-LH) was measured by a sensitive and specific in vitro bioassay based upon testosterone production by mechanically dispersed mouse Leydig cell preparations. Immunoreactive LH (RIA LH) was evaluated by a double antibody RIA method. Prior to oestrogen treatment, LRH induced a prompt rise in BIO-LH and RIA-LH levels, which reached peak values at 30 and 45 min, respectively. After oestrogen treatment, a delayed response (with peak values at 120 min) was observed for both BIO-LH and RIA-LH. Before oestrogen treatment, the mean bioactivity to immunoreactivity (B/I) ratio of LRH stimulated LH showed a significant decrease from basal values (P less than 0.05). In contrast, after ethinyl oestradiol administration the mean LH B/I ratio increased significantly from basal values in response to LRH (P less than 0.05). The mean relative maximum response (delta %) for BIO-LH was significantly higher (P less than 0.05) in oestrogen-treated than in untreated patients, whereas the mean BIO-LH delta area was significantly lower in the former group (P less than 0.01). Similarly, oestrogens decreased significantly the mean RIA-LH delta area (P less than 0.05), whereas they did not affect significantly the mean RIA-LH delta %. The results further emphasize that oestrogens may change the quality of circulating LH. PMID- 3895800 TI - Effect of propionate infusion on plasma glucagon, insulin and growth hormone concentrations in lactating dairy cows. AB - Altered concentrations of metabolic hormones have been suggested as important mediators of energy partitioning during early lactation. This study was initiated to determine the effects of propionate (1.0 mmol/kg body weight) infusion on plasma concentrations of glucagon, insulin, growth hormone, propionate and glucose at 14 days ante-partum (AP) and days 5 and 30 postpartum (PP). No differences were seen in propionate concentrations between sampling days. Glucose concentrations were elevated following propionate infusion in pregnant cows but were not elevated in the PP cows. Insulin responses to propionate infusion did not differ between days while the glucagon response was blunted at day 5 PP. Basal glucagon concentrations were elevated between days 5 and 30 PP, insulin concentrations were unchanged between days, while the molar insulin/glucagon ratio was decreased during early lactation. Basal growth hormone (GH) concentrations were elevated between day 14 AP and day 30 PP. GH responsiveness to declining propionate concentrations was greatest at day 5 PP. These data further suggest a role for glucagon as well as GH in nutrient partitioning during early lactation. PMID- 3895802 TI - [Are there subpolar tuberculoid cases?]. AB - The idea of the existence of subpolar tuberculoid cases is supported on the spectral conception of Ridley and Jopling who included the subpolar lepromatous patients between LL and BL cases. According with Languillon, we have studied 40 tuberculoid cases to find out clinical, bacteriological, immunological and histopathological parameters of subpolar T cases. The subpolar T cases do exist, they are unstable cases which can slide through the immunological spectrum towards the L pole. These cases are characterized by numerous, symmetrical, dysesthetic tuberculoid lesions with an important neural involvement. Bacilli can be found in a small number in the smears of nasal mucosae in some cases. Mitsuda reaction is always positive and histopathologically the granulomas, lymphocytes and epithelioid cells are in less number without the epidermotropism which is very often seen in polar T cases. PMID- 3895801 TI - Quantitative aspects of the effects of insulin, epidermal growth factor and dexamethasone on DNA synthesis in cultured adult rat hepatocytes. AB - Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and insulin in combination have previously been shown to initiate S-phase in primary cultures of adult rat hepatocytes. We here describe the detailed time course and dose-dependency of the effects of EGF and insulin on DNA synthesis in cultured hepatocytes. The DNA synthesis was assessed either biochemically or autoradiographically with a fairly good correlation between the two methods. DNA synthesis started 24-30 h after plating of the cells and peaked at approximately 70 h. Up to 70% of the cells entered DNA synthesis during this period. EGF and insulin acted synergistically on the DNA synthesis. Dexamethasone raised the DNA synthesis slightly, maximal effect occurred at concentrations above 2.5 nM and this agent was routinely used in the experiments with EGF and insulin. In the presence of 0.4 microM insulin from the time of plating, EGF dose-dependently increased the DNA synthesis with maximal effect at 5-15 nM. When added in combination with 1.7 nM EGF, insulin enhanced the DNA synthesis over the concentration range from 0.1 to 3 nM. These studies show that primary cultures of hepatocytes are useful in assessing the quantitative aspects of the interactions between the growth stimulating effects of hormones. PMID- 3895803 TI - [Surgical decompression of neuritis of Hansen's disease]. AB - The recent progress were focused on: the identification of the general immunological mechanism of the hansenian neuritis, demonstrated by endoneural biopsies; the different pathology of the two categories of neuritis; the pathophysiologic derangements, inducing hypoxia or anoxia in the truncular involved segment. The adjuvant role of the canals is important; the clinical differences of the two categories of neuritis and the cases we shall treat by emergency; the importance of antireactionnal treatment and of the notation by tests for the study of the results. The goals are the hemodynamic decompression, useful in the first stage of ENL neuritis, the mechanical decompression of neural fasciculus and the urgent exeresis of necroses or evacuation of febrile abscess. Three technics a re studied: Extraneural and epineural decompression fascicular endoneural necrosis, neurolysis and complex neurolysis for evaluated ENL neuritis and for endoneural necrosis. The different indication according to the two categories: medico-surgical treatment for ENL neuritis, and according the precocity and the delay of the antireactional treatment, and also the absolute emergency of the necrosis and febrile abscess. The results of the treatment of 258 cases of recent neuritis are presented. PMID- 3895804 TI - [Status of endemic leprosy in senegal in 1983]. PMID- 3895805 TI - [Discovery of 4 new cases of leprosy in a South Tunisian location]. AB - Having found a new case of leprosy from Beni Khadech, the Sfax Service of dermatology has decided to investigate in two places in this region: Elmenzla and Gattar. Beni Khadech, an endemic region, has 30 cases of leprosy in 1978 over 164 declared in Tunisia. Over 1688 systematically examined patients, 4 new cases have been discovered and 3 of which are contagious ones. PMID- 3895806 TI - [Leprosy in South Tunisia. Preliminary study]. AB - One hundred and nine leprosy cases have been recorded by the service of dermatology in Sfax (the only specialised centre in the south of Tunisia) during the last decade. These cases have been essentially assembled in two regions: Sfax and Malloulech. The lag of their finding and the ignorance of some other new cases are due to several factors. PMID- 3895807 TI - [Evaluation of endemic leprosy in the Haute-Sangha prefecture of the Central African Republic in a case-finding survey carried out in the month of August 1983]. PMID- 3895808 TI - The effect of glucose upon restitution after transient cerebral ischemia: a summary. AB - The study describes a reproducible model of complete brain ischemia in rats. Rats with different plasma glucose concentrations were exposed to 10 min of complete cerebral ischemia achieved by compression of neck vessels by a pneumatic cuff. All 30 rats, except one, in which pre-ischemic plasma glucose level were lower than 22 mM (range 1.6-22) survived 10 min complete ischemia and made a similar recovery. Ten rats with pre-ischemic plasma glucose levels above 22 mM (range 22 47.2) died from seizures in the post-ischemic period. Post-ischemic treatment of seizures and hyperglycemia in the hyperglycemic rats significantly improved recovery. In conclusion, pre-ischemic hyperglycemia above 22 mM impairs recovery after complete ischemia by inducing seizures, post-ischemic hyperglycemia and lactic acidosis. PMID- 3895809 TI - Clonidine in the treatment of menopausal flushing. A review of clinical studies. PMID- 3895810 TI - Piroxicam in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. AB - In double-blind, crossover studies, piroxicam was compared with naproxen sodium and with placebo. The different parameters studied were pain intensity, patient's opinion of the drugs tested, complementary pharmacological treatment, ability to work, overall effect, treatment preference, and side effects. It was concluded that piroxicam was comparable to naproxen sodium and that piroxicam was significantly better than placebo, as regards these parameters. It was also concluded that piroxicam has an effect equivalent to that of naproxen sodium, an accepted treatment for dysmenorrhea. PMID- 3895811 TI - Treatment with danazol of ureteral obstruction caused by endometriosis. AB - A case of unilateral ureteral obstruction in extensive endometriosis in a 21-year old patient is reported. The present patient received danazol therapy following conservative surgery, and restoration of the renal function was achieved 5 months after initiation of the danazol administration. PMID- 3895812 TI - Hydatidiform mole with a coexistent fetus. PMID- 3895813 TI - A case of primary ovarian pregnancy. AB - This report describes a 40-year-old woman with primary ovarian pregnancy which was mistaken clinically and grossly for germ cell tumor of the ovary, since it was associated with a high level of serum alpha-fetoprotein (278 ng/ml) and with excretion of urinary hCG (1 000 IU/l). The ovarian mass measured 10 X 10 X 11 cm, and weighed 215 g. Total hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy were performed. The bisected specimen revealed a centrally located macerated fetus with a crown - rump length of 3.5 cm. PMID- 3895814 TI - [Tinnitus]. PMID- 3895815 TI - Hyperactive disorder of childhood. Some clinical implications of recent research. AB - In many European countries hyperkinesis is a relatively rare clinical diagnosis compared with the United States. Though systematic international studies comparing the diagnostic process with regard to this disorder are still lacking, it is likely that the reasons for the vast differences in the rates of the disorder do not lie in the differences of the children's behaviour but in diagnostic practice. Individual components of hyperactivity, namely overactivity, restlessness and poor concentration are common among children attending clinics as well as in randomly selected samples in the general population. Treatment for hyperactivity is largely the same as for the majority of child psychiatric disorders which predominantly involve disturbances of conduct. As the 'causes', as well as the factors maintaining the symptoms, are often complex, one form of treatment is seldom adequate. In most cases a combination of psychological and educational treatments is necessary. Stimulant drugs, though in a few instances capable of producing instant and dramatic therapeutic effects, should not be used as a treatment of first choice. PMID- 3895816 TI - Plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline in newborn infants of diabetic mothers: relation to plasma lipids. AB - No significant differences in plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline concentrations were found between 14 infants of diabetic mothers (IDMs) and 7 infants of non diabetic mothers at birth or at 2 hours of age, although the mean values were higher in the IDMs. The mean blood glucose concentration declined from birth to 2 hours of age and it was lower at 2 hours of age in the IDMs although only one IDM became hypoglycaemic. Plasma non-antibody bound insulin concentrations were approximately 12 fold higher at birth and at 2 hours of age in the IDMs than in the control infants. Similar increases in plasma free fatty acids and free glycerol concentrations from birth to 2 hours of age were observed in the 2 groups. At 2 hours of age positive correlations were found between plasma noradrenaline and free fatty acids (r = 0.85, p less than 0.01) and free glycerol (r = 0.65, p less than 0.05) and between plasma adrenaline and free glycerol (r = 0.71, p less than 0.05) and the rise in free glycerol from birth to 2 hours of age (r = 0.65, p less than 0.05) in the IDMs. At birth positive correlations between plasma free fatty acids and plasma noradrenaline (r = 0.69, p less than 0.02) and plasma adrenaline (r = 0.88, p less than 0.01) were found in the IDMs. No correlations were found in the control infants. These findings indicate that the catecholamines counteracts the inhibitory effect of insulin on lipolysis in IDMs. PMID- 3895817 TI - Cerebrospinal fluid C-reactive protein in the laboratory diagnosis of bacterial meningitis. AB - Samples of cerebrospinal fluid from 112 cases of suspected meningitis were tested for the presence of C-reactive protein (CRP), using a qualitative and quantitative slide test. Bacterial meningitis was confirmed in 34 patients, based on CSF and blood culture results, and/or elevated CSF white blood cell (WBC) count and typical biochemical profile. There were 8 patients with early onset, and 3 who had received prior antimicrobial therapy among the 5 neonates, 23 children, and 6 adults with bacterial meningitis. Organisms recovered from CSF, and/or blood, included Haemophilus influenzae 14, Streptococcus pneumoniae 9, Streptococcus group B-5, Staphylococcus aureus 2, E. coli 2 and Klebsiella pneumoniae 1. Slide test was positive for CRP in 33 cases, giving a sensitivity of 97% which compared favourably with elevated CSF protein 33%, decreased CFS glucose 64.7% CSF glucose/blood glucose less than 1/2, 85%, raised CSF WBC 38.2%, raised CSF PMN 61.7%, CSF culture positive 88.2%, and CSF gram-positive 82.5%. Slide test was positive for CRP in 1 of 78 CSF samples negative for bacterial meningitis, giving a specificity of 98%. It was concluded that testing of CSF for CRP is a simple, rapid and accurate method for the laboratory diagnosis of bacterial meningitis, which is particularly appropriate for areas lacking adequate laboratory facilities. PMID- 3895818 TI - Single-dose netilmicin therapy of complicated and uncomplicated lower urinary tract infections in children. AB - Thirty children (age 3 months to 10 years) with complicated and uncomplicated lower urinary tract infections were treated with a single intramuscular injection of netilmicin 4.5 mg/kg. The diagnosis of lower urinary tract infection was based on the absence of fever and the presence of normal values for erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein concentration and urinary excretion of N acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase. Follow-up urine cultures in all children demonstrated a cure rate of 97% and reinfection and relapse rates each of 7% respectively. The subgroup (12 children) with radiological abnormalities of urinary tract showed a cure rate of 92%, and reinfection and relapse rates of 9% respectively. The rates of cure, reinfection and relapse in the complicated and uncomplicated urinary tract infections were not statistically different (p greater than 0.05). A pharmacokinetic study (performed in 5 children) demonstrated that netilmicin urinary concentrations were over the MIC's of the infecting organisms up to 96 hours after the single-dose injection. Netilmicin was well tolerated and no side effects appeared during treatment. Single-dose netilmicin therapy is an effective and safe regimen for complicated and uncomplicated urinary tract infections in children. The response to single-dose netilmicin therapy seems to be related to its prolonged urinary elimination. PMID- 3895819 TI - Normal plasma-urine osmolality relationship in preterm infants on positive pressure mechanical ventilation. AB - Mechanical ventilation with positive pressure has been implicated in the inappropriate release of vasopressin. To examine whether such a phenomenon occurs in infancy, 26 preterm neonates with Respiratory Distress Syndrome were studied. Simultaneous urine and plasma were collected for osmolality determination during mechanical ventilation with positive end expiratory pressure of 4-8 cmH2O. Results were plotted onto our previously described nomogram. The data show normal distribution of plasma to urine osmolality ratio in 25 out of 26 infants. These results do not support the common belief that positive pressure mechanical ventilation in the newborn with RDS provokes inappropriate secretion of vasopressin. PMID- 3895820 TI - Foreign body in the small intestine diagnosed as coeliac disease. PMID- 3895821 TI - Evaluation of the staining findings of immunofluorescence in unfixed or fixed renal biopsy specimens from patients with IgA nephropathy and membranous nephropathy. AB - A study on the evaluation of staining findings of immunofluorescence in unfixed or fixed renal biopsy specimens is described. Renal biopsy specimens obtained from ten patients with IgA nephropathy and membranous nephropathy were embedded in gelatin or paraffin matrix. Renal biopsy specimens embedded in paraffin matrix were digested with 0.05% protease. The specimens were stained with FITC conjugated anti-human IgA, IgG, IgM or C3 antisera at 4 degrees C overnight. IgA, IgG or IgM were markedly observed in glomeruli using unfixed materials embedded in gelatin matrix or 10% neutral buffered formalin fixed materials embedded in paraffin matrix from patients with IgA nephropathy and membranous nephropathy. There was no significant difference in the intensity or distribution of IgA, IgG or IgM deposition among the two different conditions of immunofluorescence in patients with such diseases. Although the deposition of IgA using unfixed materials embedded in gelatin matrix was prominently coarse granular or lumpy in glomeruli from patients with IgA nephropathy, that of IgA using 10% formalin fixed materials embedded in paraffin matrix was fine granular and/or interrupted linear in glomeruli. It was suggested that the immunofluorescence in renal biopsy specimens embedded in paraffin matrix after digestion with protease is useful for the evaluation of immunoglobulins in glomeruli from patients with IgA nephropathy or membranous nephropathy. PMID- 3895822 TI - Distribution of HNK-1+ cells in malignant lymphomas. AB - HNK-1, a murine monoclonal antibody, is known to react with most of the natural killer (NK) and killer (K) cells in peripheral blood. Cells reacting with this antibody (HNK-1+ cells) were studied on tissue sections of ninety two cases of malignant lymphomas (MLs) by using immunoperoxidase technique, in an attempt to elucidate the role of this type of cells in MLs. Follicular lymphomas were found to be highly infiltrated with HNK-1+ cells. The mode of infiltration in follicular lymphomas is just like in normal germinal centers. Many cases of diffuse lymphomas with cleaved nuclei, indicative of diffuse B-cell lymphomas of follicular center cell origin, as well as diffuse ML with heavy fibrosis (sclerosis) or histiocytic reaction, were also found to be infiltrated with abundant HNK-1+ cells. Meanwhile, other types of B-cell ML and all types of T cell ML, as well as Hodgkin's disease, were shown to be very poor in HNK-1+ cell reaction. From a prognostic viewpoint, the low grade malignancy group in the NCI Working Formulation or Kiel Classification was found to be infiltrated with significantly much more HNK-1+ cells as compared to the high grade malignancy group. The significance of these findings are discussed, with the stress on the possible suppressive function of HNK-1+ cells on proliferation and differentiation of follicular center cell type B-cell MLs. PMID- 3895823 TI - Three cases of primary splenic lymphoma. Case report and review of the Japanese literature. AB - Three cases of primary splenic lymphoma (two diffuse large cell (DL) lymphomas; and one follicular mixed small cleaved and large cell (FM) lymphoma according to the Working Formulation) are presented. Histologically as well as immuno histochemically, all were considered to be of follicular center cell origin. Reticulin stains clearly demonstrated that the white pulp was primarily involved both in FM and DLs. Remnants of clusters of dendritic reticular cells were demonstrated immuno-histochemically in one case of DL. Primary splenic lymphomas in the Japanese literatures were reviewed and compared with those in the American literatures. It was found that "solitary mass" was the predominant gross feature (81%) and "reticulum cell sarcoma" was the predominant histologic type (66%) in Japan. In the United States, lymphosarcoma was the predominant histologic type (39%), reflecting the histologic distribution of nodal lymphomas, and "homogeneous" or "miliary" was the predominant gross feature (71%). PMID- 3895824 TI - [Effects of sodium ferulate combined with acetylsalicylic acid on rat platelet aggregation and on modulation of PGI2-TXA2 balance]. PMID- 3895825 TI - Endothelial autacoids. PMID- 3895826 TI - Urinary excretion of kallikrein before and after operation for aldosterone producing adenoma. AB - Urinary kallikrein excretion (UKal), determined by the esterase method, was measured in 10 normotensive volunteers, 10 patients with essential hypertension and in 7 patients with primary aldosteronism before and after operative removal of the adenoma. UKal values were low in 5 of the patients with essential hypertension. Preoperative UKal values in the patients with aldosteronism did not differ significantly from those of the normal subjects, but decreased in all after operation in parallel with changes in urinary excretion of tetrahydroaldosterone and plasma aldosterone concentration. The study supports the assumption of an association between the renal kallikrein-kinin system and the mineralocorticoid state in man. PMID- 3895827 TI - Alternatives to optimal administration of tablets. AB - This controlled investigation of 27 volunteers compared the effect of cold and lukewarm tap water and carbonated water on the passage through the esophagus of a large circular tablet containing barium sulphate and of the same size and specific gravity as an acetylsalicylic acid tablet (Kodimagnyl). The influence of yoghurt on the passage of the same tablet was also examined. The investigation emphasized the importance of taking tablets together with 100 ml of liquid. A comparison of the transit times for tablets taken together with 100 ml of cold carbonated water and 100 ml of lukewarm tap water showed a significantly better passage when the tablets were taken with cold carbonated water (p = 0.01). A similar advantage of carbonated liquids was seen when tablets were taken with 25 ml of lukewarm tap water as compared with 25 ml of cold carbonated water (p = 0.01). Administration of a tablet in a tablespoon of yoghurt is a good alternative, even though the bioavailability of certain preparations may be reduced. PMID- 3895828 TI - The duration of oral anticoagulation after deep vein thrombosis. A randomized study. AB - Eighty patients with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) were randomized between our routine duration of oral anticoagulation and 50% reduction thereof, in order to evaluate whether shorter therapy could be given without increased risks. The study was stratified, so that 20 patients with the 1st episode of DVT caused by a temporary risk factor were treated for 1.5 or 3 months, 40 patients with the 1st episode of DVT caused by a permanent risk factor for 3 or 6 months, and 20 patients with the 2nd episode of DVT for 6 or 12 months. When warfarin therapy was discontinued, the patients were followed by means of venous occlusion plethysmography every 3 months for 1 year, and clinically for 15-27 months in the different subgroups. Thromboembolic complications were registered and verified by venography and perfusion lung scan. We could not detect any difference between the groups. The rate of rethrombosis and embolism during 12 and 24 months after cessation of anticoagulant therapy was 8 and 10%, respectively, among the patients with reduced duration of treatment and 8 and 14%, respectively, among those with regular duration. One fatal, warfarin-induced hemorrhage occurred. It is important to reduce unnecessary extension of oral anticoagulation after DVT in order to minimize the negative side-effects without increasing the recurrence rate. More extensive trials should be performed to confirm our results and define the optimal duration of treatment. PMID- 3895829 TI - Treatment of deep brain abscesses by stereotactic implantation of an intracavitary device for evacuation and local application of antibiotics. AB - Complete recovery from deep brain abscesses was achieved in four patients treated by a specialized stereotactic method. In one patient the lesion was in the right thalamus, in two patients within the brain stem and in one case in the right rolandic cortex. The technique consists in the stereotactic implantation of a chronic intracavitary catheter connected to a subcutaneous reservoir to allow postoperative multiple evacuations and local antibiotic irrigations. Serial CT scan examinations guided the timing of intracavitary treatment and the removal of the catheter. No recurrence developed. The diagnostic and therapeutic advantages of this stereotactic technique are emphasized. PMID- 3895830 TI - [Antibiotic therapy in dentistry, developments since 1945 and current aspects]. PMID- 3895831 TI - [Problems in the replacement of the upper central incisor]. PMID- 3895832 TI - [The endodontics of Henri Lentulo and endodontics today]. PMID- 3895833 TI - [Developments in dental surgery, 1947 to 1985]. PMID- 3895834 TI - [40 years of histology. Development of technics]. PMID- 3895835 TI - [Development of knowledge in microbiology over 40 years]. PMID- 3895836 TI - [Restorations designed for fixed dentures using composite materials]. PMID- 3895838 TI - Research overview of drug therapy in recurrent and chronic depression. PMID- 3895837 TI - Psychotropic drugs and the thyroid axis: a review of interactions. PMID- 3895839 TI - Maintenance treatment of recurrent unipolar depression: pharmacology and psychotherapy. PMID- 3895840 TI - Indications and contraindications for chronic anxiolytic treatment: is there tolerance to the anxiolytic effect? PMID- 3895841 TI - Behavioral and neurochemical changes in long-term hyperprolactinemia. PMID- 3895842 TI - Effects of long-term lithium treatment on prolactin regulation. PMID- 3895843 TI - Apolipoprotein B and lipoprotein metabolism. PMID- 3895844 TI - Dietary fat, eicosanoids, and immunity. PMID- 3895845 TI - Gastrointestinal digestion and absorption of lipid. PMID- 3895846 TI - Lipids in the structure and function of yeast membrane. PMID- 3895847 TI - On the occasion of the centenary of the birth of Wolfgang Rosenthal. PMID- 3895849 TI - Surgery for the extensive facial port-wine stain? AB - In contrast to true hemangiomas, which are vascular neoplasms, port-wine stains (PWS) are vascular malformations. They consist of mature teleangiectatic vessels in the dermis and the adjacent subcutis. The series of 50 patients here reported have been treated by subtotal excision of their PWS, covering the resulting defects with carefully selected full-thickness skin grafts. PMID- 3895848 TI - The history of injectable biomaterials and the biology of collagen. AB - The authors discuss the history and use of injections of paraffin, silicone, and collagen for soft-tissue contouring. The structure and uses of collagen are described with particular reference to Zyderm Collagen Implant, a highly purified bovine collagen. PMID- 3895850 TI - Resolution of late-developing periprosthetic breast infections without prosthesis removal. AB - Based on prior experience with implant exposure, an aggressive regimen to eradicate periprosthetic infections has proven successful in delayed gram positive and gram-negative bacterial infections and in atypical microbacterial infections. The objective of the "salvage" procedure is to retain a prosthesis, to maintain breast contour, and to avoid psychological and physical consequences of prosthesis removal. The "salvage" procedure involves topical antisepsis, contracture release if needed, systemic and topical antibiotics with intermittent or continuous irrigation, and reinforcement of incision lines in selected cases using local tissue flaps. PMID- 3895851 TI - [Lower jaw reconstruction using titanium mesh and removal of iliac crest grafts while maintaining the crista contour]. PMID- 3895852 TI - [The study on Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen in bladder tumor]. AB - The presence of Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen (T-Ag) against bladder mucosa in bladder tumor cases and control individuals was examined by the immunoperoxidase and the immunofluorescein method using labelled lectin. T-Ag was negative in all 15 cases of non-malignant bladder epithelium, and positive on the cell surface after sialidase treatment (cryptic T-Ag positive). In the 37 out of 72 bladder tumor cases, however, cryptic T-Ag was positive, and in the remaining 35 cases T Ag was positive or negative after sialidase treatment. Furthermore 55 cases which had received the first treatment by TUR-Bt were investigated. Thirteen of the 31 cryptic T-Ag positive cases recurred during observation after operation whereas 22 of the 24 T-Ag positive or cryptic T-Ag negative cases recurred, the rate being significantly higher for the latter. In addition, the disease-free interval was absolutely longer in the cryptic T-Ag positive cases than in T-Ag positive or cryptic T-Ag negative cases. The exploration of T-Ag in bladder cancer may be valuable for predicting the clinical course after TUR-Bt. PMID- 3895853 TI - [Study on the detection of bacterial infection in tubeless ureterocutaneostomy]. AB - The presence of bacteria at the renal pelvis and the methods of their detection were studied in 11 patients with catheter-free cutaneous ureterostomy (tubeless ureterocutaneostomy). These patients had had total radical cystectomy due to bladder carcinoma. Of these, 5 patients had single-sided stoma with 9 kidney ureter units and 6 patients had bilateral stoma with 10 units, excluding 2 ureters because of indwelling catheters. The urine obtained both from the renal pelvis with a single lumen catheter and from the pouch were used in the bacterial culture test and urinalysis. The aseptic swab after touching the skin around the stoma was also cultured for bacteria. Of 19 kidney-ureter units, 9 (47%) were found to have bacteria in urine obtained from catheterization. However, only 2 units (11%) were observed to be accompanied with pyuria. In this method, the rate of bacterial appearance was higher in single-sided stomas than in bilateral ones. There was no statistical correlation between the presence of hydronephrosis and the rate of bacterial appearance. In conclusion, the method of single lumen catheterization might be of great use for analysis of urinary tract infections in patients with such conditions. PMID- 3895854 TI - Scintigraphic diagnosis of hepatic hemangioma: its role in the management of hepatic mass lesions. AB - Hepatic cavernous hemangiomas are benign tumors of the liver that are often an incidental finding. They are usually asymptomatic but may cause symptoms when traumatized, may bleed spontaneously, or may produce pain by virtue of their large size and mass effect. A retrospective analysis of the clinical presentation, liver function tests, and diagnostic imaging procedures in 20 patients with hepatic hemangiomas is presented and the literature is reviewed. The 20 patients had 27 mass lesions as seen on liver scintigraphy, computed tomography, or sonography. Technetium-99m-labeled red blood cell flow studies and blood pool scintigrams showed delayed filling of the mass lesions, diagnostic of hemangiomas. This finding was not encountered in any other type of lesion. A new diagnostic algorithm is proposed in which blood-flow and blood-pool scintigraphy play a more prominent role in the diagnostic workup. According to this algorithm, if liver function tests in a patient with hepatic mass are either normal or abnormal and suggestive of hepatocellular dysfunction, the patient should undergo hepatic blood-flow and blood-pool studies. PMID- 3895855 TI - CT evaluation of intracholecystic bile. AB - Computed tomography (CT) has been used to detect a variety of gallbladder abnormalities, but the accuracy of routine abdominal CT in evaluating intracholecystic bile has not been established. Forty-six patients were identified in whom abdominal CT and sonography were performed within 1 week of each other. Using sonographic results as the standard, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of CT gallbladder evaluation were calculated; both initial CT interpretations and retrospective review of scans were used for this analysis. In the retrospective review, visual interpretation of gallbladder images and measurement of intracholecystic bile attenuation (greater than or equal to 25 H, abnormal) were analyzed. The overall sensitivity of CT in detecting abnormal gallbladder contents ranged from 44% (bile attenuation greater than or equal to 25 H) to 63% (retrospective CT interpretation), while specificity ranged from 77% to 93%. The most common cause of high-attenuation bile in the series was sludge, a cause not previously reported. It was concluded that intracholecystic bile is poorly evaluated on routine abdominal CT, particularly because of low sensitivity in disease detection. PMID- 3895856 TI - Sonography of gallbladder duplication and differential considerations. AB - With the routine use of sonography in the evaluation of suspected gallbladder disease, the familiarity of gallbladder duplication and its differential considerations are essential. Three cases are presented: one surgically proven duplication of the gallbladder, one case in which the sonographic findings were compatible with duplication of the gallbladder, and one surgically proven intraperitoneal fibrous band mimicking a gallbladder duplication. Gallstones were present in all cases and were confined to only one of the two lobes identified in each case. The gallstones did not communicate between individual gallbladder lobes despite multiple patient positions. Contraction of the non-stone-containing lobe was present in one nonfasting patient, which is probably the best indirect sign of a double gallbladder. PMID- 3895858 TI - Medullary sponge kidney in childhood. AB - Medullary sponge kidney is reported in six children aged 2-18 years. One child was asymptomatic; the others had hematuria or a urine-concentrating defect. Renal function and size were otherwise normal, as was liver function. The diagnosis was made at excretory urography according to criteria established in adults. Sonography revealed hyperechogenic pyramids, at first at the periphery, later generalized. Computed tomography proved this to be calcium. Medullary sponge kidney is rare but exists in children. Sonography is very sensitive to the pyramidal nephrocalcinosis that complicates this disease and explains the frequent presenting symptom of hematuria in these children. PMID- 3895857 TI - The plain abdominal radiograph in acute gastrointestinal graft-vs.-host disease. AB - The plain abdominal radiographs of 28 patients with acute gastrointestinal graft vs.-host disease (GVHD) were examined to determine the plain radiographic findings associated with this disorder. These findings, in order of decreasing frequency, included air-fluid levels, bowel wall/mucosal fold thickening, gasless abdomen, bowel dilatation, pneumatosis intestinalis, and ascites. When a number of these findings are present, the plain abdominal radiographs may be sufficiently characteristic to suggest gastrointestinal GVHD. Differentiating acute gastrointestinal GVHD from small-bowel obstruction is often of major clinical importance. Fortunately, the bowel gas pattern in acute gastrointestinal GVHD rarely suggests obstruction and, thus, bowel obstruction can usually be excluded on the basis of plain radiographs alone. PMID- 3895859 TI - Intraoperative spinal sonography in thoracic and lumbar fractures: evaluation of Harrington rod instrumentation. AB - Thirty-seven patients with thoracic and lumbar spine fractures were treated with Harrington rod instrumentation (HRI), and the progress and results of that surgery were monitored with intraoperative spinal sonography (IOSS). Adequate neural tissue decompression and spinal column alignment was achieved in less than one-half (14/31, 45%) of the patients in whom HRI was performed as the first step of the surgical procedure. As a result of these findings, further surgical maneuvers were performed which, in most cases, resulted in adequate spinal realignment and neural tissue decompression. In six patients, direct surgical reduction of displaced bone fragments was performed before HRI. Since total decompression of neural tissue may be important in patients with spinal cord or cauda equina injuries, it is recommended that IOSS be used in all cases of HRI for thoracic and lumbar spine fractures. The need to perform additional surgical maneuvers to accomplish neural tissue decompression may be obviated if intraoperative sonography shows adequate decompression with HRI alone. PMID- 3895860 TI - Chymopapain chemonucleolysis: correlation of diagnostic radiographic factors and clinical outcome. AB - The therapeutic response to treatment of lumbar disk herniation with chymopapain chemonucleolysis is significantly influenced by the criteria used for patient selection. Although careful clinical selection of patients reduces the frequency of treatment failure, some patients do not achieve satisfactory relief of pain with chemonucleolysis. In an attempt to identify objective pretreatment radiographic findings that might refine selection criteria and further reduce the failure rate of chemonucleolysis, a retrospective correlation of pretreatment radiographs and clinical responses was made of 200 consecutive chemonucleolysis patients. Marked improvement in sciatica occurred in 79.9% and 79.3% of patients at early and late follow-up, respectively. There was a significantly higher response rate, however, in patients who had definite radiographic evidence of focal disk herniation and in those patients with definite radiographic evidence of nerve-root compression (marked nerve-root deviation, nerve-root flattening or edema, root-sleeve amputation) by disk material. Those patients with a preinjection disk height greater than the mean had a slightly better response rate (91.1%) than those whose disk height was smaller than the mean (80.0%). Most cases of treatment failure could be attributed to an incorrect radiographic diagnosis, treatment of patients with equivocal diagnostic studies, the presence of "free" disk fragments, and causes of nerve-root compression unresponsive to chymopapain. PMID- 3895861 TI - Chymopapain chemonucleolysis: CT changes after treatment. AB - Chymopapain chemonucleolysis is now used extensively in this country to treat lumbar disk herniation. Despite increasing experience in patient selection, there continue to be patients who do not respond to treatment and require diagnostic reevaluation. Interpretation of postchemonucleolysis computed tomographic (CT) scans in these patients requires a knowledge of the CT changes that normally occur after treatment with chemonucleolysis. To define these temporal changes, a prospective CT evaluation was performed of 29 treated interspaces in 26 patients who returned for routine postchemonucleolysis follow-up. Despite a successful clinical response in 17 of 21 patients, changes in the size, location, shape, homogeneity, and density of the disk herniation were uncommon at the 6 week follow-up. In 24 treated interspaces, the most common changes at 6 week CT follow up were the development of vacuum phenomenon in three (12.5%) and a slight decrease in the size of two (8.3%) disk herniations. A successful response was noted in 17 of 21 patients scanned at 6 month follow-up, with five (22.7%) of 22 injected interspaces exhibiting vacuum phenomenon and 13 (59.1%) interspaces showing an observable decrease in the size of the disk herniation. Early improvement of sciatica after chemonucleolysis often occurs without a change in the size of the disk herniation and may be mediated by chymopapain-induced disk space narrowing. Continued improvement may be accompanied by both a decrease in the disk height and a reduction in the size of the disk protrusion. PMID- 3895862 TI - Telecomputing in radiology. PMID- 3895863 TI - The laboratory at Wurzburg revisited. PMID- 3895864 TI - Postperfusion xenon-133 ventilation scintigraphy with a narrow window. AB - Xenon-133 postperfusion lung scintigraphy using 10% windows was compared with standard posterior preperfusion 133Xe ventilation scanning in 33 patients. The postperfusion 133Xe study identified all major defects and washout abnormalities. In five patients, the assessment of match or mismatch of defects was improved because of optimal positioning of the postperfusion ventilation study. Computer subtraction of background technetium-99m macroaggregated albumin activity improved detection of mild washout abnormalities in eight patients but did not change the diagnostic category in any case. Postperfusion ventilation scanning using 10% windows (with or without background computer subtraction) is an alternative to preperfusion ventilation scanning for major V/Q abnormalities. PMID- 3895865 TI - Colonic perforation in renal transplant patients. AB - Review of 713 renal transplant patients at the Medical College of Wisconsin yielded 17 (2.3%) with spontaneous colon perforation. The cause seemed to be related to nonocclusive ischemia in the majority of cases (nine). The sigmoid colon was the most common site of perforation (nine cases). The early detection of colon perforation suspected on radiographic examination was associated with improved survival statistics. PMID- 3895866 TI - Radiology of the ileoanal reservoir. AB - The radiology of the ileoanal reservoir based on a study of 50 consecutive patients is presented. Small-bowel obstruction (12%) and leakage at the ileoanal anastomosis (8%) were detected most commonly. Partial outlet obstruction from reservoirs fashioned from three segments of terminal ileum was noted radiographically as a common problem unique to this form of ileoanal reservoir. Superior mesenteric artery syndrome (6%), pelvic abscess (4%), pouch-vesicular fistula (2%), and several other problems were less frequent. PMID- 3895867 TI - Sonographic evaluation of bile duct size during pregnancy. AB - Real-time sonography was used to examine the biliary tracts of 103 pregnant women. Common hepatic duct size, degree of right hydronephrosis, and presence of gallstones were noted. There were three important observations: (1) The top normal size of the common hepatic duct was 5 mm; (2) no correlation was found between common hepatic duct size and stage of pregnancy or degree of right hydronephrosis; and (3) gallstones were incidentally noted in 3.9% of patients. PMID- 3895868 TI - Sonographic and computed tomographic evaluation of intrahepatic calculi. AB - Intrahepatic calculi in non-Asian patients were studied by sonography and computed tomography (CT). Three patients were studied by CT cholangiography also. In two cases, the calculi were consecutive to Caroli disease, and in two others, the biliary stones were formed proximal to a stenosis of a previous surgical anastomosis. Five patients spontaneously developed intrahepatic calculi. All sonograms were abnormal. Image specificity was good, even when bile ducts were not dilated, if appropriate technique allowed identification of a double-arc shadow pattern. Sonography strongly suggested the diagnosis in eight patients and was nonspecific in only one. On CT, calculi had various densities, and they were not visible in two patients. CT cholangiography was not particularly helpful. Finally, CT added little more information when performed after sonography. Both examinations strongly underestimate the number of stones, and direct cholangiography remains indicated if surgery is planned. PMID- 3895869 TI - Echogenicity of fetal lung: relation to fetal age and maturity. AB - Reports of echogenicity of the fetal lung as it relates to maturity of that organ are scant and at variance. A study was undertaken to determine if any correlation between fetal age and/or lung maturity and echogenicity could be determined in a clinical setting. Studies were performed with either linear array or mechanical sector real-time devices. Echogenicity of the fetal lung was compared with that of the fetal liver in the same longitudinal (parasagittal or coronal) sonogram. Lung echogenicity was judged to be hypodense, isodense, slightly hyperdense, or markedly hyperdense as compared with the liver texture. One hundred eighty-five studies were evaluated; of these, some 37 patients also underwent amniocentesis for determination of lecithin/sphingomyelin ratios (L/S) and presence of phosphatidyl glycerol (PG). Linear regression analyses were performed to determine if lung echogenicity would serve as an indicator of fetal maturity. No clinically applicable relation was established between fetal lung echogenicity and gestational age, L/S, or presence of PG in amniotic fluid with current methodology. The possibility persists that tissue characterization techniques may find application in such an investigation. PMID- 3895870 TI - Sonographic detection of fetal ureteral obstruction. PMID- 3895871 TI - Adverse effect of an overdistended bladder on first-trimester sonography. PMID- 3895872 TI - Sonographic measurements and appearance of normal kidneys in children. AB - In 122 children (ages, newborn to 17 years) without urinary tract disease, 244 kidneys were examined sonographically. Renal length and volume were measured and correlated with age, body weight, height, and total body surface area, permitting preparation of nomograms with predicted means and 95% prediction intervals. Also evaluated were renal parenchymal echogenicity, medullary pyramids, and central sinus echoes, and the appearance of each was correlated with age. PMID- 3895873 TI - The radiology of hydatid disease. PMID- 3895874 TI - Neonatal sepsis. AB - Neonates are susceptible to infection since several elements of the immune system are deficient. At present, the most common pathogens are Group B streptococci and Escherichia coli. Prolonged rupture of membranes with amnionitis is a high-risk setting. Clinical signs suggesting neonatal sepsis include respiratory distress, poor feeding, hypothermia, seizures and hypotonia. After the sepsis work-up is completed, the initial choice of antibiotics is based on the prevailing organisms and antibiotic sensitivities within the community. PMID- 3895875 TI - Prophylactic lidocaine in the early phase of suspected myocardial infarction. AB - Four hundred two patients with suspected myocardial infarction seen within 6 hours of the onset of symptoms entered a double-blind randomized trial of lidocaine vs placebo. During the 1 hour after administration of the drug the incidence of ventricular fibrillation or sustained ventricular tachycardia among the 204 patients with acute myocardial infarction was low, 1.5%. Lidocaine, given in a 300 mg dose intramuscularly followed by 100 mg intravenously, did not prevent sustained ventricular tachycardia, although there was a significant reduction in the number of patients with warning arrhythmias between 15 and 45 minutes after the administration of lidocaine (p less than 0.05). The average plasma lidocaine level 10 minutes after administration for patients without a myocardial infarction was significantly higher than that for patients with an acute infarction. The mean plasma lidocaine level of patients on beta-blocking agents was no different from that in patients not on beta blocking agents. During the 1-hour study period, the incidence of central nervous system side effects was significantly greater in the lidocaine group, hypotension occurred in 11 patients, nine of whom had received lidocaine, and four patients died from asystole, three of whom had had lidocaine. We cannot advocate the administration of lidocaine prophylactically in the early hours of suspected myocardial infarction. PMID- 3895876 TI - Assessment of the severity of valvular regurgitation by digital subtraction angiography compared to cineangiography. AB - The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the degree of valvular regurgitation could be reliably estimated by digital subtraction angiography using a 0 to 4+ scale of measurement identical to that applied in conventional cineangiography. Thirty-seven sets of angiograms, each consisting of a digital subtraction angiogram (DSA) and a cineangiogram (CINE) were obtained from 33 patients. Twenty-three angiogram sets were obtained from the ventricles, while 14 were performed in the ascending aorta. Both DSA and CINE images were analyzed for regurgitation by two independent observers. A weighted kappa statistical analysis, carried out to determine the extent to which the two observers agreed on DSA and CINE assessments, demonstrated excellent agreement. The degree of atrioventricular valve regurgitation manifested by DSA was not significantly different from that determined on CINE for either Observer A or B (1.8 +/- 1.2 by CINE vs 2.1 +/- 1.5 by DSA, 2.1 +/- 1.4 vs 2.5 +/- 1.0, respectively). However, occasional exceptions occurred in which the degree of atrioventricular valve regurgitation was overestimated by DSA as compared to CINE. Conversely, in 12 cases with aortic regurgitation, DSA overestimated the grade of regurgitation compared to CINE, 2.3 +/- 1.1 by CINE vs 3.2 +/- 0.8 by DSA (p less than 0.01) for Observer A and 2.1 +/- 1.2 vs 3.0 +/- 1.0 (p less than 0.01) for Observer B. The phenomenon which best explains these data is the occurrence of digital enhancement of myocardial opacification produced by coronary perfusion radiocontrast during angiography.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3895877 TI - A cooperative multicenter study of captopril in congestive heart failure: hemodynamic effects and long-term response. AB - The acute hemodynamic effects, long-term clinical efficacy, and safety of the oral angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, captopril, were assessed in a multicenter cooperative study of 124 patients with heart failure resistant to digitalis and diuretics. The cardiac status of most patients was deteriorating prior to the study. Favorable acute hemodynamic effects consistently occurred with captopril. Maximal mean percentage increases in cardiac index, stroke index, and stroke work index were, respectively, 35%, 44%, and 34%. Systemic and pulmonary vascular resistances were each decreased by approximately 40%, as were the filling pressures of the right and left heart. Infusion of nitroprusside in some of the same patients to an end point of a pulmonary capillary wedge pressure of 12 to 18 mm Hg (equivalent to that after captopril) revealed no significant difference in the effect of either drug on the other hemodynamic parameters. Recatheterization after 8 weeks of captopril therapy revealed sustained hemodynamic changes. Significant and sustained improvements in clinical status were observed in most patients as measured by changes in New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional classification and exercise tolerance times. Seventy-nine percent of patients for whom there were adequate NYHA class data improved. Twenty percent remained unchanged and 1% deteriorated. Those patients who had both pretreatment and post-treatment exercise stress testing exhibited a highly significant mean increase in exercise tolerance times of 34% (317 +/- 32 seconds pretreatment to 425 +/- 34 seconds, final measurement). There was no evidence of tachyphylaxis over an 18-month period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3895878 TI - Clinical safety of intravenous amrinone--a review. AB - Clinical trials of intravenous amrinone were performed in 462 patients severely ill with congestive heart failure. All were monitored invasively. Adverse reactions were complicated by underlying disease severity and concomitant drug therapy. No consistent pattern of arrhythmias emerged in relation to intravenous amrinone administration. Thrombocytopenia was noted in 2.4% of patients, but it was asymptomatic with no demonstrable bone marrow depression or antiplatelet antibodies. Gastrointestinal adverse effects, hypotension and fever were rare, each occurring in fewer than 2% of patients. Liver enzyme alterations were seen in 1 patient, but it could not be determined whether these changes were related to intravenous use of the drug. Chest pain and irritation at the site of injection were noted in 1 patient each. Spontaneous anecdotal postapproval reports cited tachycardia, liver enzyme elevation, thrombocytopenia, intravenous site irritation, failure to respond and anaphylactoid response as adverse effects or possible adverse effects; each was mentioned in 3 or fewer reports. Drugs contraindicated for concomitant use with intravenous amrinone are listed, and chemical interactions with glucose solutions and intravenous furosemide are discussed. PMID- 3895879 TI - Type A score (Jenkins Activity Survey) and risk of recurrent coronary heart disease in the aspirin myocardial infarction study. AB - The Jenkins Activity Survey (JAS), a questionnaire developed to assess the type A behavior pattern, was administered to 2,314 participants in the Aspirin Myocardial Infarction Study. All had a myocardial infarction (MI) before entering the study and were followed for at least 3 years. The JAS type A score was not significantly related to risk of recurrent major coronary events (definite nonfatal MI and coronary death) in the group of 244 women, the group of 2,070 men, or the subgroup of 671 men who were employed full-time in professional, technical or managerial positions. These results indicate that the JAS type A score is not useful in assessing prognosis after MI. By inference, traits measured by the JAS type A score, such as competitiveness, orientation toward achievement and preference for a rapid pace of life, appear not to be associated with increased risk of recurrent major coronary events. PMID- 3895880 TI - Measurement of cardiac output during exercise by the thermodilution and direct Fick techniques in patients with chronic congestive heart failure. AB - Nine men with chronic stable congestive heart failure (New York Heart Association class II or III) were studied. Oxygen consumption was measured continuously and cardiac output (CO) determined by thermodilution and from the Fick equation at the end of each stage of treadmill exercise. CO measured by the 2 techniques was similar (r = 0.98) over the range of 2.5 to 13 liters/min (43 separate estimations). Tricuspid regurgitation developed in 2 patients during exercise, which resulted in unphysiologic estimates of CO (more than 30 liters/min) by thermodilution. In these circumstances estimation of CO by the direct Fick technique is superior. With this exception, CO measured by thermodilution was accurate even during exercise and provided results similar to those using the direct Fick technique. PMID- 3895881 TI - Anatomic and hemodynamic effects of catheter-delivered ablation energies in the ventricle. AB - Twenty dogs were studied to characterize the anatomic, hemodynamic and pathologic effects of catheter-delivered cardioversion (CDCV) in the left ventricle. Five dogs each received 1 CDCV of either 50, 100, 200 or 300 J at the left ventricular apex. The injury occurred at the posteroinferior apex. Structural integrity of the ventricle remained intact. Energy doses of 50 and 100 J resulted in focal subendomyocardial injury. Higher energy levels resulted in localized transmural injury. There was a linear dose-related correlation between the volume of injury and delivered energy. Electrocardiographic changes were seen immediately in all dogs. Fifteen dogs had acute, transient ventricular arrhythmias. One dog died with refractory arrhythmias. Minimal hemodynamic changes were associated with the CDCV. Unique histopathologic changes were observed. Thus, local tissue destruction can be produced with CDCV. The extent of injury is dose-related and is associated with minimum hemodynamic changes. The lesion may be acutely arrhythmogenic. PMID- 3895882 TI - Gestational zinc deficiency. PMID- 3895883 TI - Structural investigation on the effects of the herbs on Clonorchis sinensis in rabbits. AB - The effects of boiled water extracts of clonorchicidal raw drugs screened by the EPG counts in vivo on the structure of Clonorchis sinensis were investigated. The extracts of Cassia obutusifolia and Dictamnus dasycarpus did not seem to induce the morphological changes of the worms, and in those of Machilus thunbergii and Prunus mume, widening of bladder to lower level of seminal receptacle was visible without any other changes. Those of Inula helenium and Saussurea lappa, however, disclosed regressive and progressive changes as degeneration, atrophy, necrosis, dilatation, etc. of viscera of the worms. The recover rates of the worms from experimentally infected rabbits administered with the extracts of I. helenium and S. lappa for 30 days, beginning at the 3rd day of inoculation, were as low as 2% and 2.8%, respectively. PMID- 3895884 TI - Indian and Chinese cosmologies reconsidered. AB - Indian and Chinese cosmic elements are five. They originate from a common source, Bralrma in Indian and Thai-chi in Chinese. The first created element is Mu = Tree, not wood, and life-form itself, immovable but moves everything else = Akaska in Indian cosmology. Dryness = Metal in Chinese, Moisture = Earth. Fire as Heat and Water as Cold, are common to both systems. PMID- 3895885 TI - Cinnabar-gold as the best alchemical drug of longevity, called Makaradhwaja in India. AB - A drug of longevity, prior to alchemy, was peach, from which the god of longevity has emerged. Alchemy began by synthesizing red colloidal gold with gold to make the body ever-lasting and redness, as soul, to make life eternal. Its climax was reached with cinnabar-gold, which is blood-red, while red-gold is only brick-red. It was called Makaradhwaja in India. There have been fertility gods. Hermes was one and Alchemy has been named a hermetic art. Makara was crocodile-cum-fish, god of fertility. Makaradhwaja means Emblem of god of fertility, signifying a drug conferring vigour of youth. PMID- 3895886 TI - Composite carcinoma-carcinoid tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. A morphologic, histochemical, and immunocytochemical study. AB - A morphologic, histochemical, and immunocytochemical study of 20 cases of pure gastrointestinal carcinoids, adenocarcinomas, and mixed neoplasms composed of both elements, so-called composite carcinoma-carcinoid tumors (CCC), was undertaken in order to correlate the morphologic patterns with the immunocytochemical localization of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), serotonin, and a battery of polypeptide hormones (calcitonin, glucagon, insulin, gastrin, somatostatin, and adrenocorticotropin [ACTH]). Paraffin sections from five pure carcinoids, seven pure adenocarcinomas, and eight CCC from the stomach, small bowel, appendix, and colon were studied with mucicarmine, silver impregnation stains, and a peroxidase-anti-peroxidase technic. Of the eight CCC, all were mucin positive, four were argyrophilic, and three were argentaffin positive. CEA was present in all eight, serotonin in seven, and calcitonin in one. No other neurohormonal peptides were demonstrated. The distribution of serotonin and CEA generally corresponded to the morphologic pattern, but discordance was observed in two cases, i.e., serotonin was not always localized to areas of carcinoid and CEA not always confined to areas of carcinoma. All five pure carcinoids demonstrated intracytoplasmic localization of serotonin, whereas none contained intracytoplasmic CEA. In two cases, CEA was present within acinar lumens only. The seven colonic adenocarcinomas were argyrophil and argentaffin negative. All contained CEA within the cytoplasm and in gland lumens. None contained serotonin. None of the neurohormonal peptides was localized in either pure adenocarcinomas or carcinoids. This study reveals that among gastrointestinal neoplasms displaying morphologic patterns of adenocarcinoma and carcinoid, immunocytochemical localization of CEA and serotonin confirms their bidirectional differentiation and justifies the designation "composite carcinoma-carcinoid." PMID- 3895887 TI - B-cell changes occur in patients with sickle cell anemia. AB - B- and T-lymphocytes were studied in patients with sickle cell anemia. Samples were analyzed during asymptomatic periods and during vasocclusive pain crises to assess a possible relationship to these periods. Assays of B-cell function and quantitation of B- and T-lymphocytes and their subsets were carried out. During crises, six of the eight patients showed a significant decrease in the number of immunoglobulin-producing cells, together with normal or enhanced blastogenic responses. The total number of T-lymphocytes was normal when measured by the monoclonal antibody OKT3 in contrast to the significantly lower level observed in some patients, as determined by the E-rosette technic. There were no significant changes in the percentage of either helper or suppressor T-cells or in the percentage of B-cells. The results show that changes in in vitro B-cell function occur during vasocclusive pain crises in patients with sickle cell anemia. These may be clinically important in these patients. PMID- 3895888 TI - Evaluation of the Spot-CAMP test for the rapid presumptive identification of group B streptococci. AB - A rapid Spot-CAMP test was evaluated for its ability to accurately identify colonies of Streptococcus agalactiae (Lancefield Group B) growing on primary sheep blood agar plates. The test uses a beta-lysin-containing filtrate, which is prepared from a broth culture of Staphylococcus aureus. A drop of beta-lysin filtrate is applied adjacent to a suspected group B Streptococcus (GBS) colony and the plate is incubated and then examined for a zone of synergistic hemolysis. The Spot-CAMP test demonstrated 100% correlation with both a Standard CAMP procedure and Lancefield serogrouping. The rapid Spot-CAMP test was easy to perform and inexpensive, and could presumptively identify within 30 minutes colonies of GBS growing on primary isolation plates. PMID- 3895889 TI - Erythromycin-sulfisoxazole vs amoxicillin in the treatment of acute otitis media in children. A double-blind, multiple-dose comparative study. AB - A fixed combination of erythromycin ethylsuccinate and sulfisoxazole acetyl (erythromycin-sulfa) was compared with amoxicillin for the treatment of acute otitis media (AOM) in children. Of 145 patients studied, 76 boys and 69 girls were compliant and were evaluated for drug efficacy (72 amoxicillin, 73 erythromycin-sulfa). Based on otoscopic and tympanometric results, cure rates at ten to 14 days for AOM due to all organisms were 83% (63/72) for amoxicillin and 89% (65/73) for erythromycin-sulfa; for Haemophilus species (including mixed infections), they were 84% for amoxicillin (26/31) and 83% for erythromycin-sulfa (20/14). Cure rates for ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus were 1/1 for amoxicillin and 7/8 (88%) for erythromycin-sulfa; one patient (12%) had persistent AOM at day 10. Of the patients with AOM due to Streptococcus pneumoniae, 82% (29/35) in the amoxicillin-treated group and 98% (39/40) in the erythromycin-sulfa-treated group were cured. Patients with S pneumoniae as the initial infecting organism who were treated with amoxicillin had significantly more clinical recurrences then their erythromycin-sulfa-treated counterparts, 66% (8/12) vs 33% (3/9). There was no difference between treatment groups in recurrence rates for patients with Haemophilus as the initial infecting organism. On the treatment day indicated, the following number of patients had middle ear effusion: by days 10 to 14, 38% (27/72) amoxicillin-treated patients and 48% (35/73) erythromycin-sulfa-treated patients; by day 28, 10% (7/71) amoxicillin-treated patients and 16% (11/70) erythromycin-sulfa-treated patients. There were no significant differences in adverse reactions. The erythromycin-sulfa combination is safe and effective treatment for AOM, including ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus. PMID- 3895890 TI - Low-renin hypertension in young infants. AB - Plasma renin activity (PRA) in neonates is significantly higher than in older infants and children and may increase as a result of numerous physiologic or therapeutic factors. For these reasons, the measurement of PRA is not usually helpful in establishing the cause of hypertension in neonates. In conditions that suppress renin release, however, measurement of PRA can be most useful. Herein, we describe two infants (ages 4 and 5 months, respectively) with sustained hypertension and low PRA secondary to dexamethasone-suppressible hyperaldosteronism. Low PRA was essential in establishing this diagnosis in both patients. Dexamethasone-suppressible hyperaldosteronism should be considered in hypertensive infants who have normal genitalia and low PRA. PMID- 3895891 TI - Expert evidence. Historical perspectives. AB - Nearly 150 years ago, a seaman received a blow on the right side in the liver region, dying a month later. As a result of fresh autopsy findings, the accused was arrested and imprisoned. However, the defense counsel obtained an exhumation order. This led to the discovery of coexisting lethal disease and culminated in full discharge by a grand jury. The various aspects of the case are examined and shown to anticipate modern principles of expert evidence. PMID- 3895892 TI - The history of forensic medicine in Hungary. AB - The XIIIth Congress of the International Academy of Forensic and Social Medicine will be held in September 1985, in Budapest, and for this occasion we gave a brief account of the past and present state of forensic medicine in Hungary. PMID- 3895893 TI - Sidney Kaye, Ph.D. Internationally renowned forensic toxicologist. AB - The importance of Dr. Sidney Kaye's contributions in the field of forensic science cannot be over-emphasized. He can be called a pioneer in the field of forensic science and forensic toxicology because of the many contributions he has made to analysis, the literature and poison control, as well as activities in alcohol and drug analysis. He has been fortunate in being a part of history through his relationship, as a student, to Dr. Alexander Gettler, the founder of modern-day forensic toxicology, and by working with Dr. Gradwohl in Saint Louis, Missouri in the 1950s, when the American forensic sciences were being organized. Dr. Kaye is one of the founders of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences, the foremost and largest forensic science organization in the World. It is for these reasons that he received the Alexander O. Gettler Award by the Toxicology Section of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences, for outstanding analytical achievements in forensic toxicology, at the annual meeting of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences, in Las Vegas, Nevada, on February 14, 1985. PMID- 3895894 TI - Historical note: the first total colonoscopy. PMID- 3895895 TI - Cimetidine and sucralfate in bleeding ulcers. PMID- 3895896 TI - A case-control study of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Dietary risk factors. AB - The mode of natural transmission of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease remains unknown. In a case-control study conducted in 1981-1983 to evaluate possible dietary and other sources of the disease, 26 cases were ascertained in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States, 23 of which were obtained from accumulated records of the Laboratory of Central Nervous System Studies of the National Institutes of Health. Controls included 18 family members and 22 hospital-matched individuals (total sample size, 66). An increased consumption among patients was found for roast pork, ham, hot dogs (p less than 0.05), roast lamb, pork chops, smoked pork, and scrapple (p less than 0.1). An excess consumption of rare meat (p less than 0.01) and raw oysters/clams (p less than 0.1) was also reported among the patients. Liver consumption, among organ foods, was greater (p less than 0.1) among the cases. If Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease is acquired through ingestion of foods containing the agent, then the food items identified may be among those which need to be evaluated more intensively. Larger case-control studies with more focused dietary questions are warranted. PMID- 3895897 TI - Achieved status as a risk factor in epidemiology. PMID- 3895898 TI - Factors associated with the development of diabetes in the Micronesian population of Nauru. AB - A longitudinal study of 266 adult residents of the Pacific Island of Nauru (1975 1976 and 1982) has shown an annual incidence of noninsulin-dependent diabetes of 1.6 per cent per annum. Factors associated with the subsequent development of glucose intolerance were determined by means of regression techniques. The two hour, post-load plasma glucose concentration was the factor most consistently associated with subsequent glucose intolerance. Other predictors were found to vary in their importance between the sexes. In males, the fasting plasma triglyceride concentration and blood pressure showed a weaker association, and body mass index was of marginal significance. In contrast, in females, two-hour plasma insulin concentration, plasma uric acid concentration, body mass index, and fasting plasma glucose concentration showed a significant association. These findings are discussed in light of the results of similar studies in other populations. PMID- 3895899 TI - Infective dose of Salmonella typhimurium in cheddar cheese. PMID- 3895900 TI - A syndrome of chronic renal failure and XY gonadal dysgenesis in young phenotypic females without genital ambiguity. AB - A case of XY gonadal dysgenesis with renal failure is presented. Diagnosis was delayed four years post renal transplantation. A uterus, fallopian tubes, and vagina were present with a combined gonadoblastoma and dysgerminoma found in the right streak gonad. Six other similar cases have been reported, including concordance in a pair of monozygous twins. Because of the risk of gonadal malignancy, the serum FSH concentration should be determined in phenotypic females with primary amenorrhea and chronic renal disease. Due to a physiologic reduction in the serum FSH concentration in agonadal individuals between 5 and 11 years of age, a karyotype may be required to detect affected individuals during this interval. Gonadectomy should be performed in all cases of XY gonadal dysgenesis. A urinalysis and serum creatinine concentration should be obtained in girls presenting with XY gonadal dysgenesis. The serum FSH concentration and karyotype should be determined in females presenting with congenital nephrotic syndrome. PMID- 3895901 TI - Nonoliguric acute renal failure. AB - Oliguria has been considered a cardinal feature of acute renal failure. However, many recent reports indicate that acute renal failure usually occurs in the setting of well-maintained urine output. Moreover, the nonoliguric state may accompany acute renal failure due to pre- and post-renal azotemia and a variety of renal parenchymal disorders, as well as acute tubular necrosis. Most studies indicate that nonoliguric forms of acute renal failure are associated with less morbidity and mortality than oliguric acute renal failure. Uncontrolled studies also suggest that volume expansion, potent diuretic agents, and renal vasodilators can convert oliguric to nonoliguric acute tubular necrosis if administered early in the course of acute renal failure. However, prospective studies of early intervention in oliguric patients are needed. PMID- 3895902 TI - The adolescent with end-stage renal disease. AB - The adolescent with ESRD is frequently immature in relationship to chronological age. Growth and pubertal development are major concerns for the adolescent with ESRD. If renal failure had its onset prior to adolescence, it is likely that puberty will be delayed and ultimate adult height retarded for the patient requiring ESRD care during the adolescent period. Non-compliance with the therapeutic regimen is a major clinical problem encountered in the management of the adolescent. Significant morbidity can result from non-compliance with the dialysis regimen and non-compliance is a major cause of allograft loss in the adolescent transplant recipient. The special needs of the adolescent must be considered if ESRD care is to be successful. PMID- 3895903 TI - Review of amikacin usage in the EORTC trials. AB - Four trials have been conducted by the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer's International Antimicrobial Therapy Project Group. These studies involve the randomized assignment of febrile neutropenic patients to receive various antibiotic combinations. The past three trials have utilized amikacin in combination with a variety of beta-lactam antibiotics to provide activity against the most commonly isolated pathogenic bacteria in this clinical setting. Amikacin in combination with expanded-spectrum beta-lactam agents is likely to remain useful in treating infections in granulocytopenic patients. PMID- 3895904 TI - Role of amikacin in the management of intra-abdominal sepsis. AB - Controversy has developed regarding the antibiotic management of intra-abdominal sepsis because of the recent availability of the third-generation cephalosporins and ureidopenicillins as alternatives to traditional combination therapy (aminoglycosides plus clindamycin). Most observers now acknowledge the need to provide anti-anaerobic as well as anti-aerobic gram-negative drug coverage. Although most of the newer agents do provide such broad-spectrum coverage, doubt remains regarding their efficacy because of flaws in comparative study design and the observation that resistance to the newer agents, which may even extend to the aminoglycosides, can emerge in individual patients during single courses of antibiotic therapy. Indeed, such resistance is most likely to occur during the treatment of seriously ill, immunodepressed patients who have undergone multiple reoperation for persistent or recurrent intra-abdominal sepsis--the precise group for which the new drugs were most desired as less toxic alternatives to the aminoglycosides. On the basis of such observations, combination therapy with the aminoglycosides, appears to remain the most logical choice. In the setting of nosocomial sepsis and pathogen resistance to other aminoglycosides, amikacin may be especially effective. Recent surveillance data indicate that the use of amikacin under such circumstances not only may provide effective antibiotic therapy, but also may actually reduce the level of microbial resistance to the other aminoglycosides. Past concern regarding the development of resistance to amikacin has probably been excessive and should not deter the use of this agent under appropriate clinical circumstances. PMID- 3895905 TI - Medicare made easy. PMID- 3895906 TI - Diagnosis of depression in patients with end-stage renal disease. Comparative analysis. AB - To evaluate the variability in the diagnosis of depression in patients receiving maintenance therapy for end-stage renal disease, a study of 60 randomly selected patients was conducted. Three representative depression assessment methods were employed concurrently in the evaluation of each patient: (1) a structured psychiatric interview based on the diagnostic criteria of the American Psychiatric Association (DSM-III); (2) the Beck Depression Inventory; and (3) the Multiple Affect Adjective Check List. Among the 60 patients, 47 percent were classified as depressed by the Beck Depression Inventory, whereas 17 percent and 5 percent were determined to be depressed according to the Multiple Affect Adjective Check List and DSM-III criteria, respectively. The data demonstrated these differences to be dependent on the overlap between the symptoms of uremia and depression, as well as on the duration of those symptoms. This study also suggests that death wish, suicidal intention, and other psychologic symptoms should receive particular attention in the clinical assessment of depression in patients with end-stage renal disease. PMID- 3895907 TI - Hypertension after successful renal transplantation. AB - Thirty-three renal allograft recipients who had high blood pressure (mean arterial pressure more than 105 mm Hg) at least one year after their successful transplant operation were compared with 23 normotensive kidney transplant recipients (mean arterial pressure less than 105 mm Hg) at the General Clinical Research Center. The patients with higher blood pressure had markedly and significantly higher (96 percent) renal vascular resistance and significantly lower (41 percent) renal plasma flow. Responses to salt loading and restriction were suggestive of marked activity of the renin-angiotensin system as were plasma renin activity measurements. Subsequent follow-up has revealed chronic rejection or renal artery stenosis as a probable cause of hypertension for 11 of the 33 patients. The remaining 22 patients had increased renal vascular resistance and decreased renal plasma flow indistinguishable from that in the 11 patients in whom follow-up revealed a cause for their persistent hypertension; however, 21 of these 22 patients have their native kidneys in place. PMID- 3895908 TI - Impact of renal donation. Long-term clinical and biochemical follow-up of living donors in a single center. AB - Forty-six renal donors who responded to a questionnaire and two additional donors with nephrotic syndrome and renal insufficiency were studied. The mean age was 46 +/- 2.0 years (mean +/- SE). Duration of follow-up was 6 +/- 0.5 years. Serum creatinine levels increased from 1.0 +/- 0.03 mg/dl before donation to 1.2 +/- 0.04 mg/dl at follow-up. The incidence of proteinuria (more than 150 mg over 24 hours) was 39 percent. The serum creatinine level was 1.0 +/- 0.08 mg/dl and 1.2 +/- 0.06 mg/dl in the proteinuric and nonproteinuric groups, respectively. The incidence of hypertension was 31 percent with a serum creatinine level of 1.1 +/- 0.11 mg/dl and 1.2 +/- 0.07 mg/dl in the hypertensive and normotensive groups, respectively. One patient with nephrotic syndrome had proliferative glomerulonephritis. It is concluded that renal donation is associated with a minimal but statistically significant increment in serum creatinine levels. The incidence of mild hypertension and proteinuria is increased, but impact on renal function is minimal as assessed by serum creatinine determination. PMID- 3895909 TI - Alcohol versus exercise for coronary protection. AB - Both alcohol and exercise have been said to protect against coronary heart disease. The epidemiologic data suggest exercise, per se, does, but alcohol, per se, does not protect against coronary heart disease. Recent longitudinal data suggest teetotalers, especially those who have never smoked, have the lowest coronary heart disease mortality of all. Other cross-sectional and longitudinal studies that suggest light drinkers have the lowest coronary heart disease mortality may be biased because: (1) the teetotalers include some ex-drinkers who may have quit drinking because of coronary heart disease; and (2) the light drinkers include some who drink very rarely, and/or drink very small amounts, and/or have a lower risk of coronary heart disease independent of alcohol because they are more health-conscious in general. The metabolic data also suggest exercise, but not alcohol, protects against coronary heart disease. Exercise increases the level of high-density lipoprotein 2, which correlates well with coronary heart disease risk; alcohol in moderation seems to increase the level of high-density lipoprotein 3, which correlates poorly with coronary heart disease risk and may merely reflect hepatic enzyme induction. Exercise and alcohol influence blood pressure, body weight, and glucose tolerance in opposite directions; in each instance, the influence of exercise is beneficial, that of alcohol detrimental, to the prevention of coronary heart disease. There seems to be no reason to use alcohol for coronary protection. PMID- 3895910 TI - Thyroxine supplementation. Method for the prevention of clinical hypothyroidism. AB - Elevation in the blood level of thyroid-stimulating hormone (thyrotropin) is the earliest and most sensitive manifestation of thyroidal failure, and is detectable in clinically healthy and apparently euthyroid persons. Oral thyroxine supplementation designed to titrate thyrotropin back to normal levels, and readjustment of the supplementary dose as failure of the gland progresses and thyrotropin level rises again, may prevent the emergence of clinical hypothyroidism. PMID- 3895911 TI - Mycotic pseudoaneurysm of an aortic bypass graft and contiguous vertebral osteomyelitis due to Aspergillus fumigatus. AB - Fungal osteomyelitis is rare in patients who are not immunocompromised. This report documents that Aspergillus vertebral osteomyelitis may, however, be associated with infection of an adjacent prosthetic vascular graft in the absence of overt immunosuppression. A 73-year-old man is described with a mycotic pseudoaneurysm of a Dacron aortic bypass graft and contiguous vertebral osteomyelitis due to Aspergillus fumigatus. The patient was successfully treated with resection of the infected graft and administration of amphotericin B in a total dose of 2 g. Infection may have occurred intraoperatively as a result of inoculation with airborne fungal elements. PMID- 3895913 TI - Aspects of clinical trials with ceftazidime worldwide. AB - Overall results from worldwide clinical studies of ceftazidime in open and comparative trials conducted over a four-year period in North America, Europe, and elsewhere are presented. Data from 3,570 patients treated with ceftazidime in open studies and from 1,340 patients receiving ceftazidime and 1,180 patients receiving other antibiotics in comparative studies are discussed. The comparative antibiotics consisted of aminoglycosides alone in 14.2 percent of patients, aminoglycosides combined with one or two beta-lactams in 43 percent, beta-lactams alone in 34 percent, and other antibiotic combinations in 8.8 percent. In comparative studies, bacterial clearance rates were 80.6 percent for ceftazidime and 72.5 percent for other antibiotics. Clinically, 92.6 percent of the infected sites in ceftazidime-treated patients in open studies were cured or improved, and 91.1 percent were cured or improved in comparative studies; 84.8 percent of the infected sites were cured or improved in patients treated with other antibiotics. Data indicate that ceftazidime monotherapy is as effective as combination antibiotic therapy in the empiric treatment of febrile non-neutropenic patients. The role of ceftazidime monotherapy in the treatment of febrile neutropenic patients is not yet firmly established. Superinfections were reported in 2.6 percent of the patients treated with ceftazidime alone in open trials, in 4.2 percent of the patients treated with ceftazidime alone in comparative trials, and in 8.5 percent of the patients treated with other antibiotics. During treatment, the sensitivity of bacteria to ceftazidime decreased in 2.5 percent of the pathogens isolated. Adverse events occurred in 10.2 percent of patients treated with ceftazidime in open studies, in 8.4 percent of those treated with ceftazidime in comparative studies, and in 8.8 percent of those treated with other antibiotics. The adverse events in both ceftazidime- and control-treated patients were thought by the investigators to be drug-related in about 40 percent of cases, not drug-related in 20 percent of cases, and of unknown etiology in the remaining cases. PMID- 3895912 TI - Can the third-generation cephalosporins eliminate the need for antimicrobial combinations? AB - Antimicrobial combinations have been widely utilized since the beginning of the chemotherapeutic era. This is true despite the fact that the use of such combinations has a number of potential disadvantages, including (1) antibiotic antagonism; (2) an increased incidence of toxicity; (3) the emergence of multi resistant organisms; (4) promotion of a false sense of security; and (5) increased expense. The reasons generally given for the use of such combinations include (1) antimicrobial synergism, (2) suppression of antimicrobial resistance, (3) decreased toxicity, and (4) broader coverage. Although there are clearly some situations in which synergistic combinations have been shown to be useful (such as in the treatment of enterococcal endocarditis and severe Pseudomonas infections), the use of combination therapy to reduce the emergence of resistance (excluding the treatment of mycobacterial infections and of infections in which rifampin is used) or to reduce toxicity has not met with widespread success. Indeed, most combinations are used simply to broaden the spectrum of antimicrobial coverage. The development of new penicillins and cephalosporins with broader spectra of activity has raised the distinct possibility that these drugs could be used as single agents for the treatment of most serious infections. Although comparative studies performed to date suggest that the new broad-spectrum penicillins and cephalosporins may be useful as single agents in the treatment of infections in a variety of clinical situations in which combinations are now commonly employed, additional studies enrolling greater numbers of patients are necessary to determine whether these agents can replace combination therapy. The use of single-drug therapy in the management of febrile episodes and documented infections in neutropenic patients remains problematic because of the greater likelihood of infections with organisms such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, in which case combination therapy is often required. Earlier studies have clearly documented that combinations of antibiotics that are synergistic are more effective in treating bacteremias and other serious infections in neutropenic patients than are combinations that have failed to demonstrate synergism. Because of the increased activity of some of the newer drugs, such as ceftazidime, against P. aeruginosa it is possible that such agents could be used as monotherapy for patients with severe neutropenia. This possibility is an attractive one, but it should be studied carefully to make certain that it will not be associated with significant failure due to the emergence of resistant organisms. PMID- 3895914 TI - Advances in cephalosporin therapy. PMID- 3895915 TI - Relation of structural properties of beta-lactam antibiotics to antibacterial activity. AB - There has been remarkable progress in the development of new antimicrobial agents as the result of structural modifications of the cephalosporin nucleus. It has been possible to predict many aspects of the antimicrobial activity of new agents and to recognize the structural modifications that contribute to overcoming the continued problem of bacterial resistance. The activity of beta-lactams against gram-positive species depends primarily on their affinity for the enzymes referred to as penicillin-binding proteins. Resistance of gram-positive species to beta-lactams is either due to altered penicillin-binding proteins or, more commonly, due to the presence of beta-lactamases, which are usually plasmid mediated and inducible. The activity of beta-lactams against gram-negative aerobic and anaerobic bacteria is the result of the way in which the compounds pass through the porin channels in the outer wall, resist inactivation by beta lactamases, and bind to the penicillin-binding proteins. The basic cephalosporin nucleus consists of the essential beta-lactam ring fused to a dihydrothiazine ring. It is possible to modify this structure to increase antibacterial activity. Changes in moieties at position 3 affect pharmacologic activity but can also cause a marked increase or decrease in activity against staphylococci and Pseudomonas species. The presence of the thiomethyltetrazole group at position 3 has been associated with an alteration in prothrombin synthesis and with disulfiram reactions. Modifications of the cephem nucleus at position 7 by addition of methoxy groups increase beta-lactamase stability but decrease activity against gram-positive species because of lower affinity for penicillin binding proteins. The more useful acyl side chains have been those that contain a 2-aminothiazolyl moiety, which causes increased affinity of the molecules for penicillin-binding proteins of gram-negative bacteria and streptococcal species. Iminomethoxy groups provide beta-lactamase stability against the common plasmid beta-lactamases such as those of Staphylococcus aureus and the TEM, SHV-1, OXA, and PSE enzymes found in Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, as well as the chromosomally mediated K-1 and P99 enzymes of Enterobacter. A propylcarboxy group increases beta-lactamases stability and also provides activity against P. aeruginosa and some Acinetobacter. Conversely, this particular grouping reduces the beta-lactamase induction capabilities of a compound, as well as its ability to function as a beta-lactamase inhibitor.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3895916 TI - Use of ceftazidime in the treatment of nosocomial lower respiratory infections. AB - Patients with hospital-acquired lower respiratory infections pose both diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Such infections are commonly seen in critically ill patients. When nosocomial pneumonia is suspected, treatment is generally initiated with broad-spectrum antibiotics before culture results become available. The usual therapeutic regimen includes an aminoglycoside with or without a beta-lactam agent. In a clinical efficacy study of a single agent, ceftazidime, in the treatment of 20 adults with hospital-acquired lower respiratory infection, 18 patients showed clinical improvement with ceftazidime therapy and pathogens were eradicated in 11. Therapeutic failures occurred in two patients who received empiric therapy prior to the isolation of pathogens resistant to ceftazidime. The median minimal inhibitory concentration of ceftazidime for the isolated pathogens was 0.78 micrograms/ml. Of the 15 patients infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 14 showed a favorable clinical response. Therapy-limiting side effects occurred in two patients and bacillary resistance developed in one patient. The efficacy and safety of ceftazidime in the treatment of hospital-acquired pneumonias were comparable to results previously demonstrated for amikacin, cefotaxime, and imipenem in studies conducted at our institution. In studies reported in the literature, 44 of 51 patients (86 percent) with nosocomial pneumonia who were treated with ceftazidime had a favorable clinical response to therapy. The patients included in these studies were neither neutropenic nor commonly bacteremic, and none had cystic fibrosis. Ceftazidime appears to be a useful agent in the treatment of selected patients with nosocomial pneumonias, including those due to P. aeruginosa. PMID- 3895917 TI - Ceftazidime therapy in patients with cystic fibrosis and multiply-drug-resistant pseudomonas. AB - The in vitro activity of ceftazidime against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and P. cepacia isolates from patients with cystic fibrosis was compared with that of other antipseudomonal drugs. Ceftazidime was as potent as imipenem against P. aeruginosa and the only drug effective against P. cepacia. An evaluation of the elimination kinetics of ceftazidime in 20 cystic fibrosis patients revealed an elimination half-life of 1.76 hours, an apparent distribution volume of 0.27 liters/kg, and a serum clearance rate of 133.9 ml/minute/1.73m2. Urinary recovery of ceftazidime was 87 percent within the first 24 hours after administration of the drug, with 65 percent recovered in the first two-hour fraction. Probenecid administration had no effect on the elimination kinetics of ceftazidime. Forty three patients who had either shown no response to conventional therapy or had sputum Pseudomonas isolates that were susceptible only to ceftazidime received 75 courses of therapy. In 67 percent of these patients, the clinical response, when evaluated using an objective clinical efficacy scoring system, was considered favorable. Clinical failures were not associated with the development of drug resistance. Thus, ceftazidime can be recommended for the treatment of acute pulmonary exacerbations in patients with cystic fibrosis. PMID- 3895918 TI - Ceftazidime in the treatment of meningitis in infants and children over one month of age. AB - Ceftazidime, a new beta-lactamase-resistant cephalosporin, was compared with a combination of ampicillin and chloramphenicol for the treatment of meningitis in 100 infants and children aged one month to 15 years. In this open, randomized trial conducted in the Dominican Republic, 61 patients received 50 mg/kg of ceftazidime intravenously every eight hours; 39 received ampicillin plus chloramphenicol in conventional dosages. Seventy-eight of the patients had discernible isolates in samples from cerebrospinal fluid, six had a positive diagnostic Directogen result, and the remainder either had miscellaneous pathogens evident in samples of cerebrospinal fluid, bacteriologic growth in cultures of blood samples only, or no bacteriologic growth in cultures of either cerebrospinal fluid or blood. Among patients with discernible etiologic agents in samples of cerebrospinal fluid, 11 of 57 (19 percent) ceftazidime-treated patients died, and five of 27 (19 percent) patients treated with the combination died. Mortality by pathogen was as follows for patients who received ceftazidime or ampicillin plus chloramphenicol, respectively: Hemophilus influenzae, two of 27 (7 percent) and one of 15 (6 percent); Streptococcus pneumoniae, six of 12 (50 percent) and two of five (40 percent); Neisseria meningitidis, none of 11 (0 percent) and one of six (17 percent); and Salmonella, neither of two (0 percent) and one of one (100 percent). Overall mortality in the ceftazidime group was 20 percent versus 21 percent in the combination group. No significant toxicities were noted in the patients treated with ceftazidime. PMID- 3895919 TI - Role of cephalosporins in the treatment of bacterial meningitis in adults. Overview with special emphasis on ceftazidime. AB - Experience with the use of first-generation cephalosporins in bacterial meningitis has been disappointing; low concentrations were obtained in the cerebrospinal fluid, and therapeutic failures were encountered. Of the second generation cephalosporins cefamandole, cefuroxime, and cefoxitin, only cefuroxime has proved efficacy in meningitis caused by meningococci, pneumococci, or Hemophilus influenzae. The third-generation cephalosporins offer new advantages in the treatment of meningitis because they are active at the cerebrospinal fluid concentrations obtainable. Cefotaxime has produced high cure rates in patients with meningitis caused by meningococci, pneumococci, or H. influenzae. Several controlled comparative studies indicate that ceftriaxone is as effective as conventional treatment in therapy for neonatal or childhood meningitis caused by Streptococcus agalactiae, Escherichia coli, or H. influenzae. Moxalactam has been found in uncontrolled studies to be effective when the cause was enteric gram negative bacilli. Ceftazidime is a new cephalosporin with a high degree of beta lactamase stability and a broad antibacterial spectrum, which includes Pseudomonas aeruginosa that enters the cerebrospinal fluid. Data from 29 patients who received ceftazidime as monotherapy for bacterial meningitis showed an overall cure or improvement rate of 75.9 percent. Therapy failed in three patients with meningitis caused by gram-positive organisms (Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, S. agalactiae), and in three with gram-negative organisms. Of 14 patients with Pseudomonas meningitis, 11 showed a cure, as did six of six patients with meningitis caused by Enterobacter, Serratia, or Acinetobacter. More, preferably controlled, studies of the efficacy of ceftazidime in the treatment of meningitis should be undertaken. PMID- 3895920 TI - Complicated urinary tract infections. AB - The distinction between complicated and uncomplicated urinary tract infections is usually based on the presence or absence of some abnormality in the path of urine flow. Other differences include characteristic patient profiles, usual setting, likely pathogens and their antimicrobial susceptibility, and treatment options. Complicated infections are most common in older patients, usually men with prostatic enlargement. Gram-negative bacilli are the most frequent pathogens, but Escherichia coli plays a less dominant role. Isolates from patients with complicated infections are more likely to be resistant to older antibiotics, and therapy is usually parenteral. Many complicated urinary tract infections are hospital-acquired, and are often due to indwelling urinary catheters. Resistance to antimicrobials among isolates is common in this setting. Nosocomial urinary tract infections contribute substantially to morbidity, mortality, and health care costs. Numerous effective treatment options are available for uncomplicated infections. The types of patients, predisposing factors, and organisms limit antimicrobial choices for complicated infections. Although new antibiotics offer certain advantages, final therapeutic success usually depends on resolving the disorder that predisposes the patient to infection. PMID- 3895921 TI - Treatment of skin, skin structure, bone, and joint infections with ceftazidime. AB - The collective experience with ceftazidime in the treatment of skin, soft tissue, bone, and joint infections is presented. Patients were treated with dosages ranging between 25 and 150 mg/kg per day for between five and 42 days. A total of 570 patients with skin and skin structure infections were treated with ceftazidime. Comparative studies, using either cefamandole or tobramycin plus ticarcillin as control drugs, included 239 patients. There were 600 evaluable patients in five categories of skin or skin structure infection: 252 patients had cellulitis, 107 had wound infections, 103 had abscesses, 90 had skin ulcers, and 48 had other miscellaneous infections. Bacteriologic etiologies were gram negative rods in 303 episodes, gram-positive cocci in 241, anaerobes in 14 episodes, and miscellaneous other organisms in 48 episodes. Overall bacteriologic efficacy was 90 percent in ceftazidime-treated infections and 76 percent in control-treated infections. The clinical efficacy of ceftazidime against infections caused by the gram-positive cocci, particularly Staphylococcus species, was surprisingly good (85 percent) and similar to the efficacy achieved in the cefamandole-treated patients (85 percent). The overall clinical efficacy for ceftazidime was 93 percent. One hundred thirty-four patients with bone or joint infections received ceftazidime. The dosages were similar, but the duration of treatment was the longest in this group. Ceftazidime treatment was compared with standard dosages of tobramycin and ticarcillin in 11 patients. Osteomyelitis was cured in 58 of the 101 patients who received ceftazidime. In five patients, osteomyelitis failed to respond: in two, a resistant Pseudomonas strain emerged; the other three failures were due to persistent bone sequestra. Thirty-eight patients showed improvement. Of those in the tobramycin and ticarcillin group, nine of 10 evaluable patients (90 percent) showed either cure or improvement. The one failure was due to a persistent sequestrum. Thirteen patients with septic arthritis and seven with bursitis were also treated with ceftazidime; the overall cure rate was 75 percent. Adverse reactions to ceftazidime were severe, and the drug was discontinued in 13 of 570 (2.3 percent) patients with skin or skin structure infections and in five of 134 (3.7 percent) patients with bone and joint infections. These data suggest that ceftazidime is effective as monotherapy in the treatment of skin, skin structure, bone, and joint infections, and that it may be more efficacious against staphylococcal infections than predicted from in vitro data. PMID- 3895922 TI - New beta-lactam antibiotics in granulocytopenic patients. New options and new questions. AB - Infectious complications are a frequent cause of morbidity and, at many centers, the major cause of death in patients with cancer. The increased risk and severity of infectious sequelae result from profound alterations in normal host defenses that occur secondary to the underlying malignancy and the treatment thereof. During the last decade, early empiric antibiotic therapy has become standard practice in the initial management of febrile granulocytopenic patients and has contributed significantly to the improved outcome among patients undergoing cancer therapy. Although early death due to unsuspected or inadequately treated bacterial infection has been largely overcome, new problems--also with life threatening implications--have emerged. As the use of cancer chemotherapy continues to increase, new populations of patients are being placed at increased risk of infection. Defining the host and environmental factors that contribute to this risk assumes central importance for delineating those patients who require the most intense surveillance. Changing medical practices (e.g., increased use of indwelling catheters) have contributed to the emergence of new pathogens. Recent drug developments (e.g., the third-generation cephalosporins and extended spectrum penicillins) offer new treatment options, as well as generate controversy and confusion. For example, authorities disagree on the optimal duration and modifications in treatment that are required by cancer patients who remain granulocytopenic and who thus are at continued risk of multiple infectious episodes or superinfections. A question of current interest is whether combination therapy with synergistic agents is important in light of the development of the third-generation cephalosporins and extended-spectrum penicillins. Several of these new antibiotics have an exceedingly broad spectrum of activity that includes Pseudomonas aeruginosa, as well as Enterobacteriaceae, Serratia, Citrobacter, indole-positive Proteus, and anaerobes (including Bacteroides fragilis). However, the third-generation cephalosporins are not as active against staphylococci and streptococci as are the first-generation cephalosporins, and none is effective against enterococci. Nonetheless, these agents achieve serum levels that can be 10 to 100 times greater than the minimal inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations of gram-negative bacteria, raising the possibility that these drugs might be effective as single agents. The advantages of the third-generation cephalosporins are their minimal toxicity and long serum half-lives.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3895923 TI - Single-agent therapy for infections in neutropenic cancer patients. AB - The initial therapy of febrile neutropenic cancer patients is an evolving, interesting, and important area of medical research. The introduction of carbenicillin provided the clinician with an antibiotic that had significant activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Prior to the availability of this drug, neutropenic patients with bacteremia due to this organism did no better with antibiotic therapy than without it. Since then, several agents including carboxy- and ureidopenicillins, aminoglycosides, cephalosporins, monobactams, and carbapenems have appeared on the scene and strengthened our therapeutic armamentarium. Since some of them have an expanded spectrum of activity, they have been widely utilized for combination therapy. More recently, several clinical trials have addressed the feasibility of using them alone as initial empiric therapy in these patients. Some of the studies have achieved good results, especially when treating gram-negative infections, although these results should be interpreted with caution, since the studies were usually conducted under controlled conditions. These trials have, however, not been as successful when treating gram-positive organisms, which have again become an important cause of infection in these patients; in some of them, a specific antibiotic against these organisms had to be added. How will this approach utilizing newer antibiotics compare against a more conventional regimen of two synergistic agents? Hopefully, this will be better investigated and defined in the near future. PMID- 3895924 TI - Ceftazidime in the treatment of nosocomial sepsis. AB - Ceftazidime has broad antibacterial activity against many gram-positive and most clinically significant nosocomial gram-negative bacillary pathogens. Many studies have been undertaken both in this country and in western Europe to determine the clinical effectiveness of ceftazidime in seriously ill patients. Differentiating between nosocomial and community-acquired infections is difficult in many reports, but high cure rates, usually exceeding 80 percent, have been reported for documented gram-negative bacillary infections. In non-neutropenic patients, response rates have also been in a comparable range. Particularly impressive have been the high cure rates in Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia complicating burns and other gram-negative bacteremias in patients with underlying diseases. In comparative studies carried out in seriously ill or neutropenic patients, the results with ceftazidime have not significantly differed from those obtained with regimens that included beta-lactam agents paired with aminoglycosides. Some problem areas persist in these studies: the interpretation of comparative studies in which a large number of cases were eliminated because of "unevaluability," superinfections due to gram-positive organisms that may require or necessitate addition of agents like vancomycin, and the emergence of resistance as seen in three groups of organisms--Pseudomonas, Serratia, and Enterobacter species. Nonetheless, summary data from cases treated in the United States indicate cure and/or improvement in 100 percent of 14 cases of Serratia bacteremia, 83 percent of 12 cases of Enterobacter sepsis, 82 percent of 22 cases of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia, and 85 percent in 27 cases of P. aeruginosa bacteremia. Only 11 of 86 cases of bacteremia due to the organisms just cited were judged unevaluable. Three of the four failures in the treatment of Pseudomonas bacteremia occurred in neutropenic patients. More definitive information on the relative efficacy of ceftazidime in controlled trials, particularly in granulocytopenic patients, may result from more careful analysis of survivorship using methods that do not eliminate "unevaluable cases." Techniques for this type of analysis have already been implemented in some studies. PMID- 3895925 TI - Prenatal phenotype analysis. PMID- 3895926 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of Jeune syndrome. AB - We describe two sibs affected with Jeune syndrome. The first was diagnosed after birth and the second was diagnosed prenatally using ultrasonography. The detected abnormalities were confirmed by X-ray and autopsy following pregnancy termination. This observation indicates the possibility of prenatal diagnosis of the condition. PMID- 3895927 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of Weyers syndrome (deficient ulnar and fibular rays with bilateral hydronephrosis). AB - A fetus with Weyers oligodactyly was studied after a previous sibling had been born with that condition. Prenatal diagnosis was undertaken using ultrasound to visualize the long bones, which were found to be severely affected by the condition at 19 weeks of gestation. Most notable were the ulnae and fibulae, which were very short; the fetus had bilateral hydronephrosis. PMID- 3895928 TI - Visualization of the fetal spine: a proposal of a standard system to increase reliability. AB - We describe a method for the morphological, developmental, and functional analysis of the fetal spine. Using this system, different types of spina bifida and hemivertebrae have been discovered. A system of quality control and documentation is proposed and cases that were not detected ultrasonographically are described. The results of the analyses of seven abnormal fetuses out of 818 pregnancies examined by us and three referred after birth are presented, including fetuses with caudal regression, spina bifida, hemivertebrae with lordosis and kyphosis, and spina bifida without ultrasonographic or radiologic evidence of bone abnormality. Cases that were not diagnosed ultrasonographically by other observers are presented. PMID- 3895929 TI - Noonan syndrome: a review. AB - After an introduction dealing with the "historical evolution" of the Noonan syndrome (NS), we try to define the NS phenotype based on clinical descriptions published since 1883. The theories concerning the cause of the NS are discussed fully. The peculiar cardiac involvement deserves special attention and raises the question of whether the Watson and LEOPARD syndromes are indistinguishable from NS. Finally, the recent contributions to the variability of the NS phenotype (reports on lymphatic dysplasia, partial deficiency of factor XI, malignant hyperthermia, perceptual-motor disabilities, and endocrine evaluation) are also described. PMID- 3895930 TI - The Noonan syndrome. PMID- 3895931 TI - The "muscular variant" of Pompe disease: clinical, biochemical and histologic characteristics. AB - We report on a 2-yr-old boy with progressive muscular weakness and respiratory failure. There was no clinical evidence of heart muscle involvement. Autopsy showed marked intralysosomal glycogen deposition in skeletal muscle and liver with no histological evidence of glycogen deposition in cardiac muscle. The activity of the lysosomal enzyme alpha-1,4-glucosidase was deficient in skin fibroblasts, skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and liver; however, the enzymatic activity in peripheral blood leukocytes was in the low normal range. The child's mother had normal enzymatic activity in leukocytes but heterozygote levels in skin fibroblasts. PMID- 3895932 TI - The Pena-Shokeir syndrome: report of nine Dutch cases. AB - We report on nine individuals with the Pena-Shokeir syndrome. Clinical findings are compared with data on patients from the literature. Emphasis is made on genetic background, neuropathological findings, and (in two cases) on prenatal data. Possible pathogenetic mechanisms are discussed. PMID- 3895933 TI - Bibliography on X-linked mental retardation and related subjects II (1985). PMID- 3895934 TI - Enthusiastic cyclosporine consensus. PMID- 3895935 TI - Dressing for success. PMID- 3895936 TI - Safety of abortion and tubal sterilization performed separately versus concurrently. AB - Concurrent abortion and sterilization are preferred by many women to avoid a second hospitalization, operation, and, in some instances, general anesthesia. Several authors have shown concern, however, that the two procedures carry a higher risk of morbidity when performed concurrently versus separately. To determine whether the concurrent performance of sterilization and induced abortion is as safe as the two procedures performed separately, we selected women undergoing these procedures from two separate multicenter, prospective, national United States studies: the Joint Program for the Study of Abortion and the Collaborative Review of Sterilization. Using standard definitions of major morbidity, we calculated the crude rate of one or more major complications to be 0.9% for the abortion-only group, 1.7% for the group concurrent abortion and tubal sterilization. Thus our data suggest that performing concurrent abortion and sterilization is as safe as performing those procedures separately. PMID- 3895937 TI - High failure rates in outpatient treatment of salpingitis with either tetracycline alone or penicillin/ampicillin combination. AB - Eight hundred twenty-five ambulatory women with a clinical diagnosis of salpingitis were randomized to a 10-day course of either penicillin/ampicillin or tetracycline. Forty-four percent of women had gonococcal salpingitis and 56% nongonococcal salpingitis. Overall, both regimens cured equal proportions of women: At 30 days, 81% were cured by penicillin/ampicillin and 82% by tetracycline. However, the proportion of women with gonococcal salpingitis cured by 30 days was significantly greater than that of women with nongonococcal salpingitis. By 30 days, 14% of women with gonococcal salpingitis and 21% of women with nongonococcal salpingitis were not cured by either regimen. These data suggest that both regimens were only marginally acceptable for women with gonococcal salpingitis and that neither regimen was acceptable for nongonococcal salpingitis. PMID- 3895938 TI - The response of the New York Obstetrical Society to the report by the New York Academy of Medicine on maternal mortality, 1933-1934. PMID- 3895939 TI - Congenital complete heart block and SSA antibodies: obstetric implications. AB - Mothers with known or occult rheumatic disorders may be delivered of infants with congenital complete heart block. The more frequent use of ultrasonography during pregnancy now allows early detection of heart block in utero. The transplacental passage of SSA or SSB antibodies, of the IgG class, may mediate or be associated with immune damage to the fetal cardiac conduction system, as reported in our two patients. Maternal and/or newborn screening for SSA and SSB antibodies in selected patients permits an early presumptive diagnosis and will assist perinatal planning, particularly for immediate newborn cardiac pacemaker implantation. Early serologic detection of such antibodies may also assist family counseling of mothers at risk and should promote investigation of techniques to modify the immune status of these mothers. SSA- or SSB-positive maternal/fetal pairs should be prospectively managed by the obstetrician, neonatologist, and rheumatologist. PMID- 3895940 TI - Sonographic findings in severe preeclampsia twenty-four hours prior to clinical signs. AB - We describe a patient who had abnormal sonographic findings of the liver 24 hours before signs and symptoms of severe preeclampsia and HELLP syndrome (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count). The abnormal sonographic appearance of the liver prompted further investigation and was instrumental in the management of this case. PMID- 3895941 TI - Diagnosis of congenital syphilis by immunofluorescence following fetal death in utero. AB - The etiology of fetal death may be difficult to identify, particularly with the presence of marked fetal maceration and autolysis. Immunofluorescence with human antitreponemal antibody was used in this case to establish a diagnosis of congenital syphilis. PMID- 3895942 TI - Changes in the distribution of fibronectin in the placenta during normal human pregnancy. AB - The distribution of fibronectin, a major extracellular glycoprotein with various activities that affect the proliferation and differentiation of cells, was studied by immunofluorescence staining in first-, second- and third-trimester placentas from normal human pregnancy. In early chorionic villi, fibronectin was localized mainly in the trophoblastic basement membranes; this fluorescence became weaker after 10 weeks' gestation. In term placenta, fibronectin was densely deposited around the fetal vessels but not in the trophoblastic basement membranes. Both syncytiotrophoblasts and cytotrophoblasts of the villous epithelium were virtually negative throughout pregnancy. However, the pericellular matrices of nonvillous trophoblasts in early chorionic villi were strongly stained. These findings suggest that fibronectin plays an important role in the proliferation of trophoblastic cells and the tissue organization of the placenta. PMID- 3895943 TI - Fetal pericardial fluid. PMID- 3895944 TI - Dorsiflexion of the big toe--a sign of impending fetal micturition. PMID- 3895945 TI - Prophylactic antibiotics unjustified for unselected abortion patients. PMID- 3895946 TI - Oral contraceptives and cardiovascular disease: a critique of the epidemiologic studies. AB - Observational study designs used to investigate the relationship of oral contraceptive use to the occurrence of venous thromboembolism, stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiovascular death include case-control, cohort, and mortality statistics studies. This analysis catalogs the findings of each of these epidemiologic studies, its statistical significance, and its performance with regard to scientific methodologic standards. An association between current oral contraceptive use and incidence of venous thromboembolism without predisposition has been consistently observed in case-control and cohort studies. Associations are less consistent for various types of stroke and for myocardial infarction. Only the Royal College of General Practitioners study found a significantly elevated risk of cardiovascular death with oral contraceptive use. The majority of mortality statistics studies offer little support for a relationship between oral contraceptive use and cardiovascular events. Major systematic problems in the epidemiologic studies include potential for bias in the detection of cardiovascular events and differences in the prognostic susceptibility of compared groups. Bias in the ascertainment of drug exposure is an unresolved issue for most of the case-control studies. Because of possible biases arising from methodologic deficiencies in these epidemiologic studies, questions as to the validity of the observed associations between oral contraceptive use and cardiovascular events should remain. PMID- 3895947 TI - Moxalactam versus clindamycin plus tobramycin in the treatment of obstetric and gynecologic infections. AB - The clinical efficacy of moxalactam versus clindamycin/tobramycin was evaluated in a comparative, randomized, prospective study. Sixty patients were treated: 30 with moxalactam and 30 with clindamycin/tobramycin. There were 15 cases of tuboovarian abscess, 36 cases of severe pelvic inflammatory disease with peritonitis, eight cases of endomyometritis, and one wound abscess. Aerobic and anaerobic cultures from the sites of infection yielded 441 microorganisms from 53 patients; an average of 8.3 bacteria per infection (4.5 anaerobes and 3.8 aerobes). The infections tended to be mixed aerobic-anaerobic with anaerobes isolated in 90% of cases. The most frequently isolated possible pathogens were Bacteroides sp. (37), Bacteroides bivius (23), Bacteroides asaccharolyticus (12), Peptococcus asaccharolyticus (29), Peptostreptococcus anaerobius (19), unidentified anaerobic gram-positive cocci (18), Escherichia coli (17), nonhemolytic streptococci (16), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (13), and Gardnerella vaginalis (38). Clinical cure was noted in 29 of 30 moxalactam-treated and 29 of 30 clindamycin/tobramycin-treated patients. Moxalactam was effective in five of six cases of tuboovarian abscess, all 22 cases of pelvic inflammatory disease with peritonitis, the one case of endomyometritis and the one wound abscess. Clindamycin/tobramycin was effective in eight of nine cases of tuboovarian abscess, all 14 cases of pelvic inflammatory disease with peritonitis, and all seven cases of endomyometritis. No adverse hematologic, renal, or hepatic effects were noted with either regimen. PMID- 3895948 TI - Factors affecting the incidence of infectious morbidity after radical hysterectomy. AB - A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was performed to assess the value of cefoxitin for prophylaxis against postoperative infection following radical hysterectomy. Infectious morbidity was observed in 35% of 43 patients in the control group and 23% of 31 in the cefoxitin group. In seven control patients (16%) and one patient (3%) in the cefoxitin group the infections were related to the surgical site (p = 0.07). These differences did not achieve statistical significance. Examination of the data revealed a number of other factors, including operating time, patient weight, blood loss, and blood replacement, that were significantly related to the incidence of infectious morbidity. Comparison of the results of the present study with those in the literature indicates that a careful examination of the circumstances prevailing in any particular institution is necessary before a decision is made on strategies to combat infectious morbidity after radical hysterectomy. PMID- 3895949 TI - Predictive value, sensitivity, and specificity of ultrasonic targeted imaging for fetal anomalies in gravid women at high risk for birth defects. AB - In this report the predictive value of ultrasonic targeted imaging for fetal anomalies (TIFFA) is defined. Six hundred fifteen pregnant women at high risk for birth defects were scanned from January, 1980, to December, 1983. Follow-up evaluation was available on 569 fetuses. The pregnancies were classified into five groups according to the indications used for ultrasonic targeted imaging studies. The largest number of women were placed in group 1 and were referred because of a variety of abnormalities in previous or ongoing pregnancies. The women classified in the other four groups were examined because of maternal or fetal reasons related to specific craniospinal (29%), urinary (7.9%), gastrointestinal (6.7%), and skeletal (3.7%) defects. In our series the predictive values of abnormal and normal ultrasonic targeted imaging studies were 95% and 99%, respectively. A detailed breakdown of the accuracy of ultrasonic targeted imaging in relation to each anatomic category is presented; these data are useful in counseling gravid women with anomalous fetuses. PMID- 3895950 TI - Behavioral states in the human fetus during labor. AB - Behavioral states in the near-term human fetus have been described during pregnancy. The aim of this study was to observe whether these same states are present during labor. Nine patients with uncomplicated singleton pregnancies participated. Fetal heart rate and uterine contractions were recorded. Fetal eye, mouth, rotation, and retroflexion of the head were observed by real-time ultrasound. Fetal movements were recorded with coded event-markers. Behavioral states were identified by the movement pattern. A total of 13 ultrasound observations, varying from 25 to 66 minutes, were obtained. Optimal viewing was present at least 60% and on the average 80% of the time. State 1F (quiet sleep), state 2F (active sleep), and state 3F (quite awake), as well as a total of 10 state changes, were identified during labor in spite of increasing contractions and/or ruptured membranes. These observations demonstrate existence of alternating behavioral states in the healthy term fetus during labor. PMID- 3895951 TI - The first-trimester ultrasonographic diagnosis of conjoined twins. AB - The prenatal ultrasonographic diagnosis of conjoined twins in the first trimester is described. The ultrasonographic criteria are discussed together with implications for management. PMID- 3895952 TI - Use of femur length in estimation of fetal weight. AB - Fetal weight was estimated sonographically within 3 days of delivery in 103 cases. A stepwise regression analysis was performed to evaluate fetal sex, biparietal diameter, head circumference, abdominal circumference, and femur length as factors in estimation of fetal weight. A new formula for calculating fetal weight was derived. Fetal sex did not affect the results obtained. Incorporation of femur length improved the reliability of the weight estimate. Because of intrapopulation and interpopulation differences, institutions using obstetric ultrasound examination techniques should establish their own formulas for estimating fetal weight. PMID- 3895953 TI - Prevalence of type-specific group B streptococcal antibody in human sera: a study of 405 pregnant women. AB - Presence of immunoglobulin G antibody against the five standard serotypes of group B streptococcus was measured by means of indirect immunofluorescence in the sera of 405 women at the time of delivery in the obstetric hospital in Vancouver. Antibody to all five serotypes was present in 22% of women whereas only 9.6% had no detectable antibody to any serotype. Among 47 women with group B streptococcus vaginal colonization, IgG antibody was detected against the homologous colonizing serotype in 100%, 75%, 78%, 89%, and 100% of sera for serotypes Ia, Ib, Ic, II, and III, respectively. This contrasted with the women who had heterologous group B streptococcal vaginal colonization or no colonization in whom 71% had serum IgG antibody to serotype Ia, 36% to Ib, 51% to Ic, 66% to II, and 60% to III. Overall the serum antibody titers were low, and few women had titers greater than 1:20 for any of the five standard serotypes. PMID- 3895954 TI - Theoretical effects of amniotic fluid volume changes on surfactant concentration measurements. AB - A baseline model for consideration of the theoretical effects of amniotic fluid volume changes on surfactant concentration measurements has been constructed. The baseline data include: a polynomial equation that best fits experimental data comparing amniotic fluid lecithin concentration measurements to gestational age, inflow of 0.450 L of surfactant-poor fluid into the amniotic fluid per day, outflow of 0.450 L of surfactant-rich fluid per day, and volume of 1.0 L of amniotic fluid between 30 to 31 and 38 to 39 weeks' gestation. With this model the incremental amounts of lecithin necessary to achieve the concentration levels derived from the polynomial equation have been calculated. The quantity of lecithin needed was calculated at intervals of 0.1 day for 56 days. Polyhydramnios and oligohydramnios were then allowed to develop hypothetically by modifying the inflow or outflow of fluid while keeping the quantity of lecithin added exactly the same as was determined from the baseline data. Chronic polyhydramnios or oligohydramnios had minimal effects on the concentration measurements. The effects of acute polyhydramnios (or oligohydramnios) were greater when the change in volume was due to an increased (or decreased) volume of inflow as compared to a decreased (or increased) volume of outflow. PMID- 3895955 TI - Polyhydramnios and obstructive renal failure: a case report and review of the literature. AB - Described is a pregnancy complicated by pregnancy-induced hypertension, polyhydramnios, and obstructive renal failure due to an overdistended uterus. A review of the literature disclosed that only five such cases have been reported previously. Fetal outcome was generally related to the duration of gestation at the onset of polyhydramnios. PMID- 3895956 TI - Umbilical artery waveform? PMID- 3895957 TI - Cicatricial pemphigoid of the vulva. PMID- 3895958 TI - Epidemiology and pathogenesis of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis. AB - Millions of women worldwide continue to suffer from vulvovaginal candidiasis, which is second only to anaerobic bacterial vaginosis in the United States. Evidence is presented of an increasing incidence of vulvovaginal candidiasis, the cause of which is unclear, but this increase is probably the result of multiple factors including widespread abuse of antibiotics, possibly oral contraceptives, and most important inadequate vaginal therapy. Some women never experience vulvovaginal candidiasis, others have infrequent episodes, and a third subpopulation have recurrent episodes resulting in considerable morbidity and suffering. Two fundamental questions face investigators: the mechanism whereby asymptomatic colonization converts to symptomatic disease and the elusive explanation for frequent recurrences of vulvovaginal candidiasis. Although several factors have been identified as predisposing to recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (pregnancy, oral contraceptives, exogenous hormones, antibiotics, diabetes mellitus, etc.), the majority of women with recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis do not have recognizable predisposing factors. What has emerged over the last few years is the awareness that different pathogenic mechanisms may be operative in individual patients responsible for a spectrum of clinical manifestations. Understanding the pathogenic mechanisms is essential if we are to progress in treatment. In addition to the study of newer antimycotic agents, new strategies of therapy are required and must be individualized for patients with recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis. PMID- 3895959 TI - Mode of action of clotrimazole: implications for therapy. AB - Ergosterol is an essential constituent of the fungal cytoplasmic membrane. Clotrimazole and other azoles interfere with the ergosterol biosynthesis in a concentration-dependent fashion. Although low concentrations exhibit only a partially inhibitory effect, high concentrations may completely block ergosterol synthesis. Reduction of fungal growth and inhibition of growth and fungicidal action during prolonged incubation are the corresponding effects at the cellular level that are a consequence of ergosterol depletion. The inoculum effect, the influence of the incubation period, and the influence of nutrient media, three factors that often complicate susceptibility testing in vitro, can also be explained by the mode of action of azole compounds. Another interesting characteristic of azole antifungals was revealed by the observation that hyphae and pseudomycelia of Candida albicans are much more susceptible to azoles than are yeast cells. Even 1% of the minimum inhibitory concentration of clotrimazole may totally inhibit mycelial growth in vitro. This may be of clinical importance, since germination was reported to enhance adherence of C. albicans to buccal and vaginal epithelial cells. PMID- 3895960 TI - Efficacy and tolerability of single-dose versus six-day treatment of candidal vulvovaginitis with vaginal tablets of clotrimazole. AB - One hundred ninety-nine female patients with candidal vulvovaginitis were included in an open, randomized, mycologically controlled study carried out at three Dutch gynecologic clinics to determine the efficacy and tolerability of a single vaginal tablet containing 500 mg clotrimazole in comparison with a 6-day treatment with vaginal tablets containing 100 mg clotrimazole. Both groups were comparable in age, body weight, and duration and severity of the infection, and in both groups the percentage of patients who were also treated for vulvitis with a 1% clotrimazole cream and the percentage of the male partners who were treated were equal. Four weeks after therapy, 84 of the 102 patients (82.4%) treated with one dose of 500 mg clotrimazole were cured and 82 of the 97 patients (84.5%) of the 6-day treatment group were cured. The clinical symptoms improved parallel to the improvement of mycologic findings. Both the vaginal tablets containing 500 mg and those containing 100 mg clotrimazole were well tolerated by the patients. After 1 week the results of the single-dose treatment with 500 mg clotrimazole were slightly better than those of the 6-day treatment with vaginal tablets of 100 mg clotrimazole. After 4 weeks the results were reversed, but it should be considered that this could be due to reinfection of the patients. PMID- 3895961 TI - Is more than one application of an antifungal necessary in the treatment of acute vaginal candidiasis? AB - The results of all the controlled trials carried out at the Department of Genito Urinary Medicine at the Cardiff Royal Infirmary over the past 16 years are summarized. All except one of these trials were carried out with patients having acute vulvovaginal candidiasis. One trial involved treating only patients with recurring candidal infection. In all the acute trials, there were practically no mycologic relapses 7 days after completion of treatment whatever the regimen used, but at 35 days after completion of treatment the mycologic relapse rate was in the region of 20% to 25%. It is concluded that following the elimination of any known predisposing cause of vaginal candidiasis, the intravaginal application of 500 mg of an imidazole preparation is as effective a treatment as any other regimen. In recurrent cases, monthly treatment with such a dose may be adequate to control the patient's symptoms. Mycologic relapse may not be accompanied by symptoms, but in recurrent cases there is a closer relation between mycologic relapse and symptoms. PMID- 3895962 TI - Efficacy of single- versus multiple-dose clotrimazole therapy in the management of vulvovaginal candidiasis. AB - Single-dose treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis with a 500 mg clotrimazole vaginal tablet was compared to 3-day treatment with two 100 mg vaginal tablets administered daily in 115 patients enrolled in a double-blind trial, 101 of whom were evaluated for efficacy. Patients with clinically and mycologically active disease were treated (visit 1) and examined at 5 to 10 days (visit 2) and again at least 27 days (visit 3) post treatment. At visit 2, mycologic tests and clinical examinations were negative in 37 of 48 patients receiving single-dose treatment (77%) and in 47 of 53 patients receiving 3-day treatment (89%). Corresponding results for visit 3 were 65% and 74%, respectively. There were no significant differences in treatment response between groups, and only three patients reported adverse reactions. These data show that single-dose treatment with clotrimazole, 500 mg, is as safe and effective as the more complex 3-day regimen. PMID- 3895963 TI - Therapeutic results obtained in vaginal mycoses after single-dose treatment with 500 mg clotrimazole vaginal tablets. AB - A multicenter, double-blind study of 103 patients with clinically and mycologically documented vulvovaginal candidiasis compared single-dose treatment with a 500 mg clotrimazole vaginal tablet to 3-day treatment with two 100 mg clotrimazole vaginal tablets administered daily. Patients were examined 5 to 10 days (visit 2) and at least 27 days (visit 3) post treatment. At visit 2, mycologic and clinical examinations were negative in 43 of 48 efficacy-evaluable patients receiving clotrimazole, 500 mg (90%), versus 42 of 47 efficacy-evaluable patients receiving clotrimazole, 200 mg (89%). Similarly, at visit 3, 75% of patients receiving clotrimazole, 500 mg, had treatment success versus 72% receiving clotrimazole, 200 mg. There were no significant intergroup treatment differences, indicating that single-dose treatment with clotrimazole, 500 mg, is equipotent to the multidose regimen. PMID- 3895964 TI - The role of ultrasound in the aggressive management of obstructed labor secondary to fetal malformations. AB - Eleven cases of major congenital anomalies were diagnosed in conjunction with arrest of dilatation or descent. In three cases, the diagnosis of fetal death was made. In the remainder, despite extensive counseling, the mothers refused cesarean section for an anomalous fetus. Fetal decompression resulted in prompt vaginal delivery in 10 of 11 cases. PMID- 3895965 TI - Strict clinicopathologic criteria in the diagnosis of partial hydatidiform mole: a plea renewed. PMID- 3895966 TI - Outpatient keratoplasty. AB - Outpatient keratoplasty in 103 patients (46 males and 57 females ranging in age from 1 to 90 years) produced no instances of infection, shallow or flat anterior chambers, or anterior synechia formation. Postoperative discomfort was minimal. PMID- 3895967 TI - Dental mirror for goniosynechialysis during penetrating keratoplasty. PMID- 3895968 TI - Anaerobic peptostreptococcal keratitis. PMID- 3895969 TI - Surgical correction of punctal malposition. PMID- 3895970 TI - Treatment of Aspergillus fumigatus keratitis in rabbits with oral and topical ketoconazole. PMID- 3895971 TI - Wheelchair cushions: a historical review. AB - An important objective of occupational therapy practice is to maximise functional potential in patients who have physical disabilities. Pressure sores are a major complication in the medical course of these individuals. Therefore, prevention, or at least the proper management, of these sores becomes an important focus for occupational therapists who treat the physically disabled patient. Occupational therapists often prescribe wheelchair cushions to relieve pressure and reduce the risk of ulceration. Unfortunately, occupational therapy literature offers few articles dealing with this significant problem. This paper presents a historical review of wheelchair cushions and details some of the physiological and clinical research efforts that are the basis of prescription practice today. PMID- 3895972 TI - In vitro bond strength of treated direct-bonding metal bases. AB - Three types of direct-bonding metal bases were used to determine the effect of five commercial surface treatments on in vitro tensile bond strength. The proprietary treatments were etching, silanation, surface activation, etching plus silanation, and etching plus surface activation. Nontreatment was used as a control. The bases were of the mesh, photo-etched, and grooved types. Bases were loaded with a no-mix adhesive to plastic substrates. The grooved base had the highest bond strength with no treatment. Etching improved the bond strength of the grooved bracket by 56%. Silanation improved the bond strength of the mesh bracket by 28%. Surface treatments did not improve the bond strength of the photo etched bracket. PMID- 3895973 TI - Bone marrow transplantation in the rat. III. Structure of the liver inflammatory lesion in acute graft-versus-host disease. AB - The liver is a major parenchymal target organ of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) after bone marrow transplantation in the rat. The authors have analyzed the nature of cellular infiltrates in the liver using monoclonal antibodies against white cell subsets and investigated the anatomic distribution of the inflammatory cell subsets inside the liver parenchyma. Several types of white cells are present in a normal control liver: In the portal area the T-helper (Th) cells predominate, (surface) immunoglobulin-expressing B cells are present in ample numbers, and most of the phagocytes are Ia-positive. In the central vein area the T-suppressor/killer cells (Tsk) dominate, no B cells are present, and most of the phagocytes are Ia-negative. During aGVHD the number of T cells increases rapidly in the portal area; and after an initial strong increase, the Th/Tsk ratio decreases but remains still above 1. In the central vein area there is also an increase in the number of T cells, compared with that in the syngeneic recipient, but the Th/Tsk ratio rapidly decreases and remains uniformly below 1. During aGVHD the B cells entirely disappear from the portal area, whereas a small but distinct number of mature plasma cells with intracellular immunoglobulin appear in the central vein area. Following irradiation the Ia-positive phagocytic cells entirely disappear from the portal area and decrease distinctly in number in the central vein area. During aGVHD the number of Ia-positive phagocytes increases again in both locations. In the central vein area the positive phagocytes are seen over the background level, and, concomitantly, the Ia negative phagocytes disappear. PMID- 3895974 TI - The psychic life of the young infant: review and critique of the psychoanalytic concepts of symbiosis and infantile omnipotence. AB - The subjective life of the young infant is examined in the light of classical psychoanalytic theory and of recent empirical studies of early infant behavior and development. The concepts of symbiosis and omnipotence are argued to be products of poetic but largely misguided reconstructions from adult experience, providing a questionable developmental foundation for contemporary psychodynamic theories of object relations. PMID- 3895975 TI - Selective insulinization of liver in conscious diabetic dogs. AB - Insulin encapsulated in lipid vesicles and targeted to hepatocytes by means of a digalactosyl diglyceride moiety [(designated vesicle encapsulated insulin (VEI)] was administered intravenously to conscious catheterized diabetic dogs to determine the effects of hepatic and extrahepatic glucose utilization. Our results indicate that VEI administered intravenously to diabetic dogs over a dose range of 0.5 to 2.0 mU X kg-1 X min-1 reduces hepatic glucose output or induces hepatic glucose uptake without causing any significant alteration in the rate of extrahepatic glucose utilization. Steady-state comparisons of 1.0 mU X kg-1 X min 1 VEI with intraportal and peripherally administered insulin revealed that VEI and intraportal insulin result in significantly less extrahepatic glucose utilization than does an equivalent dose of peripherally administered insulin (6.36 +/- 1.21 and 5.08 +/- 0.97 vs. 8.82 +/- 1.61 mg X kg-1 X min-1; P less than 0.03). Through the use of VEI, we were able to significantly alter the deposition of intravenously administered glucose from 11% hepatic and 89% extrahepatic noted with peripheral insulin to 35% hepatic and 65% extrahepatic with VEI (P less than 0.03). Thus, by encapsulating insulin into a lipid carrier specifically targeted to the liver, selective hepatic insulinization can be achieved. As a result of this approach, one can alter the distribution of a glucose load to favor hepatic deposition. PMID- 3895976 TI - Apparent decreased oxidation and turnover of leucine during infusion of medium chain triglycerides. AB - A potential effector of the protein-sparing adaptation to fasting could be the increased availability of endogenous long-chain fatty acids. Were this hypothesis correct, infusion of medium-chain triglycerides to increase the plasma concentration of medium-chain fatty acids might also result in protein sparing. However, in most in vitro studies in rat muscle, octanoate increases the oxidation of the essential amino acid leucine. Therefore leucine metabolism was assessed with infusions of [3H]leucine and a-[14C]ketoisocaproate ([14C]KIC) before and during an infusion of trioctanoin in conscious dogs. Plasma octanoate increased from less than 30 to 528 microM over the 3 h of infusion. Plasma leucine and KIC concentrations decreased by 65-70% (P less than 0.01) over the first 2 h of infusion. Leucine oxidation, estimated from the expired 14CO2 and the plasma [14C]KIC specific activity, as well as from an open two-pool model, decreased. By use of these isotope models, the rates of leucine coming from and going to protein decreased (P less than 0.05 to P less than 0.01). Interconversion of leucine and KIC estimated from the open two-pool model decreased by 80% (P less than 0.01). These changes were accompanied by a 36% decrease in the plasma concentration of total plasma amino acids. Within the confines of the isotope models employed, these data are consistent with the hypothesis that increased fatty acid oxidation decreases protein turnover and may spare essential amino acids. PMID- 3895977 TI - What transport adaptations enable mammals to absorb sugars and amino acids faster than reptiles? AB - What digestive adaptations enable mammals to process much more food in much less time with equal or higher digestive efficiency than reptiles and thus to sustain much higher metabolic rates? To answer this question, we measured glucose and proline uptake in small intestinal sleeves of three mammal and three reptile species of similar body size and natural diet. All species exhibit saturable, stereospecific uptake of D-glucose and Na+-dependent L-proline uptake. Passive permeability to glucose is high in hamsters and low in the other species. Uptake increases with temperature up to a maximum around 45-50 degrees C. This temperature dependence may help explain why reptiles bask after meals and why their digestion is impaired if basking is prevented. The total uptake capacity of the small intestine for glucose and proline is seven times higher in mammals than similar-sized reptiles, mainly because the area of mammalian intestine is 4-5.5 times greater. Minor reasons for the higher uptake capacity of mammals are that the transport activity of mammal intestine normalized to quantity of tissue is up to twofold higher and that reptile intestine operates at a lower temperature at night. Vmax for glucose transport varies 10-fold among species, but apparent differences in Km values may be unstirred-layer artifacts. Carrier-mediated uptake of glucose and proline is measurable in the colon of at least three species, but the uptake capacity of the colon is less than 10% of that of the small intestine. An appendix presents a method for measuring the microscopic area of intestines with ridges rather than villi, applies this method to desert iguana intestine, and measures area amplification due to villi in wood rat intestine. PMID- 3895978 TI - Mechanisms of angiotensin II natriuresis and antinatriuresis. AB - The aim of this study was to determine the role of changes in renal arterial pressure (RAP), renal hemodynamics, and tubular reabsorption in mediating the natriuretic and antinatriuretic actions of angiotensin II (ANG II). In seven anesthetized dogs, endogenous ANG II formation was blocked with captopril, and ANG II was infused intravenously at rates of 5-1,215 ng X kg-1 X min-1 while RAP was either servo-controlled at the preinfusion level or permitted to increase. When RAP was servo-controlled, ANG II infusion at all rates from 5-1,215 ng X kg 1 X min-1 decreased urinary sodium excretion (UNaV) and fractional sodium excretion (FENa) while increasing fractional reabsorption of lithium (FRLi) (an index of proximal tubular fractional sodium reabsorption) and causing no change in calculated distal tubule fractional sodium reabsorption (FRDNa). When RAP was permitted to increase, ANG II infusion rates up to 45 ng X kg-1. min-1 also decreased UNaV and FENa while increasing FRLi and causing no change in FRDNa. However, at 135 ng X kg-1 X min-1 and above, UNaV and FENa increased while FRLi and FRDNa decreased when RAP was allowed to rise, even though renal blood flow and filtration fraction were not substantially different from the values observed when RAP was servo-controlled. Filtered sodium load was slightly higher when RAP was permitted to increase during ANG II infusion compared with when RAP was servo controlled, although the differences were not statistically significant. Thus, even very large doses of ANG II cause antinatriuresis when RAP is prevented from increasing.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3895979 TI - Cardiac mechanics and energetics: chemomechanical transduction in cardiac muscle. AB - When a heart is in a stable inotropic state, the end-systolic pressure-volume points of each work cycle fall on a straight line regardless of the magnitude of the afterload or the initial end-diastolic volume: cardiac O2 consumption (MVO2) per beat is linearly correlated with ventricular systolic pressure-volume area (PVA), defined in terms of stroke work and potential energy components. Moreover, if the basal and activation components of the cardiac energy cycle are subtracted, hearts operate at a constant PVA/MVO2 efficiency. The present review examines the energetic implications of these results for current muscle models, discussing the energetic background of earlier skeletal muscle viscoelastic models and examining differences between the vectorial outputs of ion transport ATPases and myofibrillar ATPases. The PVA data point to a unique stoichiometric relationship between myocardial energy flux and vectorial output, and it is shown that most existing myocardial O2 consumption data can be reconciled with the PVA concept. However, most muscle models would not predict a linear stoichiometric relation between energy flux and pressure-volume potential energy. We pose the question as to whether there is an undiscovered autoregulatory process at work in muscle. PMID- 3895980 TI - Adult cardiac myocytes in primary culture: cell characteristics and insulin receptor interaction. AB - Calcium-tolerant adult cardiac myocytes were kept in culture under serum-free conditions in the presence of physiological concentrations of insulin. Up to 4 days, 70% of cells retained their in vivo rodshaped morphology without gross structural alterations. During that period a constant ATP-to-ADP ratio was observed with a mean value of 10.6 +/- 0.5 (n = 4). The rate of [14C]phenylalanine incorporation remained unaltered up to 63 h in culture. Insulin binding to cultured cells was found to be time-and temperature-dependent, reversible, and highly specific. Scatchard analysis of equilibrium binding data showed a curvilinear plot with a high-affinity segment yielding an apparent dissociation constant of 4.5 X 10(-10) mol/l and a receptor number of 125,000 sites/cell. Both affinity and receptor number remained unaltered between 18 and 66 h in culture. [14C]phenylalanine incorporation was stimulated by 108% in cardiocytes cultured in the presence of high concentrations of insulin (1.7 X 10( 7) mol/l) for 63 h, when compared with control cells cultured in the absence of insulin. These data demonstrate the retention of structural integrity, insulin receptors, and insulin responsiveness in primary cultured adult cardiac myocytes and provide a useful model for long-term studies on the regulation of insulin action on the heart. PMID- 3895981 TI - Discrepancy between microsphere and diffusible tracer estimates of perfusion to ischemic myocardium. AB - This study critically tests the ability of microspheres to accurately measure perfusion to ischemic myocardium. The left anterior descending coronary artery was cannulated and perfused with arterial blood. The perfusion line was clamped, and a sidearm between the clamp and the cannula was opened to the atmosphere, allowing blood to flow retrograde from the distal segment of the artery. Measurement of regional blood flow during retrograde flow diversion with 15 micron microspheres revealed essentially zero flow to the perfused segment (0.005 ml X min-1 X g-1). Measurements under the same conditions by either 86Rb uptake or 133Xe washout revealed that an appreciable perfusion of the tissue persisted during retrograde flow diversion (0.043 and 0.11 ml X min-1 X g-1, respectively, for the 2 methods). Thus we have identified a condition during which microspheres indicate zero flow to the tissue but diffusible tracers can both be washed in and washed out at a brisk rate. We conclude that with simple occlusion there is a hidden component of perfusion to an ischemic zone that cannot be measured by microspheres, causing them to underestimate flow by about 25% in that condition. PMID- 3895982 TI - Myocyte and nonmyocyte RNA polymerase activity and chromatin template function. AB - Myocardial and nonmyocardial cell nuclei were isolated from ventricles of adult male Wistar rats by means of sucrose density centrifugation. RNA polymerase activity in myocyte nuclei was approximately 80-90% higher than in nonmyocytes. Total myocyte chromatin template activity using Escherichia coli RNA polymerase was linear and about onefold greater than the nonmyocyte fraction over a fivefold range of chromatin concentrations. Preincubation time required for RNA polymerase to form a stable binding complex with chromatin was at least 40 min for myocyte and 30 min for nonmyocyte nuclear subsets. Titration of chromatin against a fixed amount of RNA polymerase (5 micrograms) showed that 5 micrograms of myocyte chromatin (as DNA) and 8 micrograms of nonmyocyte chromatin (as DNA), respectively, were required to saturate the enzyme. These results indicate that myocyte chromatin can support greater enzyme binding than can nonmyocyte chromatin. The distribution of DNA fragments from isolated myocyte and nonmyocyte nuclei were similar when alkaline sucrose density centrifugation was used. Chromatin prepared from these nuclear subsets showed no difference in degree of DNA fragmentation. These observations indicate that compared with nonmuscle cells, myocytes from adult rat hearts have higher RNA polymerase activity, greater overall chromatin template function, and higher binding capacity for RNA polymerase. Collectively, these data suggest that adult cardiac muscle cells should have a larger potential for RNA synthesis than nonmuscle cells. PMID- 3895983 TI - Fluid volumes and hemodynamics in hypertension produced by chemical renal medullectomy. AB - We have investigated the mechanisms by which chemical renal medullectomy with 2 bromoethylamine hydrobromide (200 mg/kg body wt) produces hypertension in rats. Groups of chemically medullectomized rats were compared with normal rats and rats that had been partially nephrectomized to produce an equivalent fall in glomerular filtration rate. Mean arterial pressure was elevated in the medullectomized (142 +/- 6 mmHg) compared with normal rats (124 +/- 3). In the medullectomized animals this was associated with significant tachycardia (483 +/- 15 vs. 450 +/- 6 beats/min) and an increase in cardiac output (61.1 +/- 5.0 vs. 49.9 +/- 2.2 ml X min-1 X 100 g body wt-1). Plasma volume was significantly reduced in medullectomized rats (2.16 +/- 0.15 vs 3.29 +/- 0.20 ml/100 g body wt), whereas exchangeable sodium was unchanged (39.9 +/- 0.5 vs. 39.7 +/- 0.5 meq/kg body wt). By contrast, both plasma volume and exchangeable sodium were increased in partially nephrectomized rats. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that chemical medullectomy produces hypertension by increased selective sympathetic efferent activity, raising cardiac output and postcapillary venular resistance. This may be the consequence of reducing the secretion of a renomedullary humoral substance that normally inhibits such activity. PMID- 3895984 TI - Seasonal changes in pancreatic B-cell function in euthermic yellow-bellied marmots. AB - Fasting plasma insulin (PI) and glucose (PG) concentrations were measured throughout the body weight cycle of marmots. Animals gained weight during summer, and in late fall body weight peaked, after which they ceased feeding. Each month euthermic animals were injected intra-arterially with either dextrose (500 mg/kg) or porcine insulin (0.1 U/kg), and blood samples were collected over the subsequent 2 h. During weight gain fasting PI concentration and pancreatic B-cell response to injected dextrose increased markedly. Maximal insulin release to a dextrose challenge was measured during peak body weight or when body weight initially began to decline. The PG concentration after exogenous insulin administration was slight (less than 10%) in the fall but increased approximately 25% in the spring after marmots lost weight. Basal PG levels were not significantly different throughout the year. Basal fasting PI concentrations were significantly higher during the fall (P less than 0.01). It is suggested that in the fall, when marmots are obese, hyperinsulinemia and peripheral insulin resistance appear. Furthermore, in two animals with an increase in body weight of approximately 30% or less over the summer, peripheral resistance was demonstrable, albeit not as marked as in animals that appropriately doubled their body weights when given food ad libitum. Thus we hypothesize that factors other than adiposity, i.e., food intake, central nervous system input to the pancreatic B-cell, and/or changes in B-cell sensitivity to PG, may contribute to the observed peripheral insulin resistance and may be involved in body weight regulation. PMID- 3895985 TI - Insulin and central regulation of spontaneous fattening and weight loss. AB - Insulin binding to receptors in a partially purified hypothalamic membrane preparation is altered by prolonged starvation. To define further the relationship between hypothalamic insulin binding and energy balance, we studied the Richardson's ground squirrel, a hibernator that exhibits spontaneous 6- to 8 mo body weight cycles when kept in constant conditions. Isolated pancreatic islets from squirrels killed during the weight gain phase had greater glucose stimulated insulin secretion than those from weight loss phase animals, and adipocytes showed significantly greater glucose incorporation into total lipid in response to insulin. Differences in lipogenesis were not attributable to changes in insulin-binding capacity. Hypothalamic tissue from weight gain phase animals bound more insulin than that from weight loss phase animals. Maximal binding was correlated with pancreatic islet responsiveness and maximal insulin-stimulated lipogenesis. The strong positive correlation between peripheral metabolic events associated with spontaneous alterations in energy balance and the binding kinetics of hypothalamic insulin receptors suggests that insulin may play an important role in the central regulation of body weight. PMID- 3895986 TI - John A. Talbott, M.D. One hundred thirteenth President, 1984-1985. PMID- 3895987 TI - Imipramine in the treatment of agoraphobia: dose-response relationships. AB - The authors examined dose-response relationships in 62 agoraphobic patients receiving either imipramine or placebo under double-blind conditions in conjunction with behavioral interventions. At the end of 12 weeks, patients treated with imipramine had improved significantly more than placebo patients. Results revealed that the beneficial therapeutic effect of imipramine was dose dependent and suggested that optimal response in agoraphobia may require doses of 150 mg/day or more. The results also indicated that side effects can significantly interfere with the buildup of optimal dose in agoraphobic patients treated with imipramine. The authors briefly discuss the implications of these findings for clinical practice and future research. PMID- 3895988 TI - A reevaluation of Schreber's case. PMID- 3895989 TI - Use of L-tryptophan in treating bulimia. PMID- 3895990 TI - Further evidence on the value of the WIC program. PMID- 3895991 TI - I.S. Falk, the Committee on the Costs of Medical Care, and the Drive for National Health Insurance. PMID- 3895992 TI - Prenatal care and pregnancy outcomes during the recession: the Washington State experience. AB - To determine whether changes in prenatal care utilization and adverse pregnancy outcomes occurred among poor residents of Washington State during the recent recession, we examined all births occurring from 1980 to 1983 to women in the poorest census tracts of the three major metropolitan counties in Washington State (N = 15,735). A comparison sample consisted of all births occurring in the highest income census tracts (N = 16,295). Because the impact of the recession was hypothesized to be greatest in 1982, rates in 1982 were compared with rates in 1980. The proportion of births receiving late or no prenatal care increased in both the low-income tracts (6.2 per cent to 8.2 per cent) and the high-income tracts (1.6 per cent to 2.3 per cent). The proportion of low birthweight infants increased only in the low-income tracts (6.3 per cent to 7.4 per cent). The prevalence of maternal anemia (hematocrit less than 30) also increased only in the low-income tracts (0.7 per cent to 1.7 per cent). While we were unable to ascertain the financial status of the individuals who suffered the adverse outcomes, the findings for the low-income census tracts are consistent with the hypothesis that an increase in adverse pregnancy outcomes occurred among the poor in Washington State during the recent recession. PMID- 3895993 TI - Industrial wastes and public health: some historical notes, Part I, 1876-1932. AB - This article has focused on the relatively low priority accorded industrial wastes compared to human wastes by the public health community in the period from 1876 through 1932. The critical reason for this prioritization was the potential for acute health effects from human wastes as compared with the belief that industrial wastes had only indirect effects. State departments of health normally only responded to industrial wastes when they endangered the potable nature of water supplies or interfered with water and sewage treatment processes. Within the public health community, however, a relatively small group of interdisciplinary professionals argued for attention to the indirect health effects of industrial wastes and their impacts on the total stream environment. In conjunction with other groups interested in clean streams--such as sportsmen and manufacturers who required high quality process water--they pushed for a broader state legislative mandate in regard to pollution control. Some states created new bureaus or boards with responsibility for industrial wastes and the larger stream environment but the attack on industrial pollution remained limited in this period. The final significant development regarding industrial pollution and public health concerned the formulation by Streeter-Phelps of the Public Health Service of a theory of stream purification with a set of general quantitative indicators. This application was of particular importance in regard to the high-oxygen consuming nature of organic industrial wastes and the wide variety of effluents that existed. Industrial wastes constituted what Harvey Brooks, in his essay "Science Indicators and Science Priorities" calls a very "messy" research problem--one that does "not lend itself to elegant and widely applicable generalizations."(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3895994 TI - Antiendometrial antibodies in patients with endometriosis. AB - Sera from 42 patients complaining of infertility were evaluated by indirect immunofluorescence for the presence of antibodies to the endometrium. The presence or absence of antibodies was matched with the findings at laparoscopy. Of the 42 patients examined for infertility, 28 (66.7%) had laparoscopic findings that corresponded to the presence or absence of endometriosis. Of 28 patients with positive antibody tests, 24 (85.7%) were found to have endometriosis. No correlation between the degree of immunofluorescence and the clinical severity of endometriosis could be determined. These findings suggest the possibility of developing a noninvasive immunological test for the presence of endometriosis. PMID- 3895995 TI - A role for 8-aminoquinolines in falciparum malaria? PMID- 3895996 TI - Introduction of the President, Karl M. Johnson. PMID- 3895997 TI - Whither this house--or wither? PMID- 3895998 TI - Detection of Plasmodium falciparum in blood using DNA hybridization. AB - A rapid and simple assay for detecting Plasmodium falciparum in human blood was developed. The assay is based on DNA-DNA spot hybridization, using radiolabeled P. falciparum DNA as a probe and finger prick blood as the assay sample. It is very sensitive, able to detect parasitemia levels of 0.0001% in 10 microliter of blood. The assay can be quantified and used to estimate parasitemia levels. Several hundred blood samples can be processed simultaneously, and the entire procedure is completed within 24 hr. This assay can be useful for epidemiological surveys, for screening of blood by blood banks and for health authorities examining immigrants and tourists coming from malaria infested areas. PMID- 3895999 TI - Sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum to antimalarial drugs in Colombia. AB - Sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum to several antimalarial drugs was determined by in vitro and in vivo tests. Chloroquine resistance in vitro was detected in 97 of 101 patients from different geographic areas of Colombia. Sensitivity to amodiaquine in vitro was observed in 29 of 30 P. falciparum isolates. In vitro sensitivity to amodiaquine was observed in 16 patients infected with chloroquine resistant P. falciparum. In vitro sensitivity to quinine was demonstrated in 57 P. falciparum isolates. Two infections from the Amazon base (2/24) were resistant to mefloquine in vitro at concentrations of 5.7 and 16 pmol/well. Resistance to Fansidar, a sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine combination, was described in 9 patients from the Amazon region. One patient showed recrudescence of the infection 41 days after treatment. The current distribution and degree of resistance of P. falciparum to widely used antimalarial drugs requires the evaluation of therapeutic schemes based on combinations of fast blood schizontocides with slow acting drugs. These associations may reduce the development of multidrug resistant isolates and retard the spread of resistant populations of P. falciparum parasites. PMID- 3896000 TI - Binding of quinine to plasma proteins in falciparum malaria. AB - Plasma protein binding of quinine was measured in 12 patients with cerebral malaria on the first and seventh day of treatment, and in 7 patients with uncomplicated falciparum malaria on admission and also one month later. Binding was significantly higher and therefore the proportion of free drug was lower in cerebral malaria patients (free: total quinine concentration; 7.2 +/- 3.5%, mean +/- SD, on admission; 7.4 +/- 5.3% on day 7) compared with uncomplicated malaria patients on admission (10.2 +/- 5.8%) or following recovery (11.0 +/- 5.5%, n = 6) P = 0.011. Binding was significantly correlated with the red cell/total concentration ratio r = 0.56, P less than 0.0001. The ratio of cerebrospinal fluid to free (unbound) plasma quinine was 0.55 +/- 0.33 which suggests that quinine does not freely cross the blood brain barrier. These findings are relevant to the interpretation of total plasma or serum concentration, and may explain the rarity of serious quinine toxicity in severe falciparum malaria. PMID- 3896001 TI - Mefloquine failure in a case of falciparum malaria induced with a multidrug resistant isolate in a non-immune subject. AB - In a volunteer with infection induced by injection of the mefloquine-sensitive, multidrug-resistant Vietnam Smith isolate of P. falciparum, parasitemia recurred following treatment with the candidate antimalarial drug enpiroline. Parasitemia also recurred after subsequent treatment with mefloquine and again after retreatment with the same drug. All recurrences were at the RI level. Parasite drug sensitivities determined by a semi-automated isotope microdilution method after the second and third recurrences revealed a progressive decrease in sensitivity to all arylaminoalcohols tested (halofantrine, enpiroline, and mefloquine). Decreased sensitivity persisted after 30 days of isolate culture. The parallel changes in parasite sensitivity to the synthetic arylaminoalcohols argue for development of drugs which are chemically dissimilar. PMID- 3896002 TI - Invasion of the human respiratory tracts by trichomonads. PMID- 3896003 TI - Elizabeth C. Crosby. A biography. PMID- 3896004 TI - The man behind the eponym. Arnault Tzanck, his work and times. PMID- 3896005 TI - George Clinton Andrews Jr. PMID- 3896006 TI - Duhring and his short-lived Photographic Review of Medicine and Surgery. PMID- 3896007 TI - Designing medical books. PMID- 3896008 TI - Monoclonal antibodies in dermatologic research. Studies with a unique cell surface antigen defined specifically for keratinocytes by a monoclonal antibody. AB - Basic principles of production of monoclonal antibodies are discussed in this paper. In order to illustrate the usefulness of such production, studies of a new monoclonal antibody designated KF-2 which defines a unique cell-surface antigen found exclusively in the stratum spinosum of man and lower primates are recounted. PMID- 3896010 TI - [Experimental organ transplantation: orthotopic and heterotopic liver transplantation in swine. Report awarded the Premio de la Academia for 1984]. PMID- 3896009 TI - Franjo Kogoj and the spongiform pustule. PMID- 3896011 TI - [A model of the oral glucose tolerance test]. PMID- 3896013 TI - Directory of accredited organizations, approved programs/offerings, and accredited continuing education certificate programs preparing nurse practitioners. PMID- 3896012 TI - [Placental insufficiency]. PMID- 3896014 TI - Self-administered nalbuphine, morphine and pethidine. Comparison, by intravenous route, following cholecystectomy. AB - In a double-blind clinical trial of 48 patients, nalbuphine, morphine, and pethidine were compared by on-demand intravenous analgesia during the first 24 hours after cholecystectomy. Overall pain relief (visual analogue score) was recorded by the patients as 50 (SEM 4) for nalbuphine, 44 (SEM 4) for morphine and 53 (SEM 5) for pethidine. These scores were not significantly different. The mean demand for each drug over the 24-hour period was 70 (SEM 12) mg for nalbuphine, 46 (SEM 6) mg for morphine and 614 (SEM 49) mg for pethidine. Pain on movement, either during deep breathing or turning, was found to be less well controlled after nalbuphine (70, SEM 2), and pethidine (67 SEM 7) than after morphine (52, SEM 5; p less than 0.01). The incidence of side effects was similar with each drug. Nalbuphine is a useful postoperative analgesic, as effective as pethidine. Nalbuphine 15 mg is apparently equipotent with morphine 10 mg or pethidine 120 mg by this mode of administration. PMID- 3896015 TI - The first reversal of curare. A translation of Pal's original paper, 'Physostigmine, an antidote to curare', 1900. AB - This paper describes an experiment performed by J. Pal of Vienna in 1900, which showed that physostigmine reverses the neuromuscular blocking properties of curare. Pal's original article is translated from the German. PMID- 3896016 TI - Suprofen compared to dextropropoxyphene hydrochloride and paracetamol (Cosalgesic) after extraction of wisdom teeth under general anaesthesia. AB - In a randomised double-blind trial in postoperative ambulant day case dental patients suprofen 200 mg (29 patients) was compared with dextropropoxyphene hydrochloride 65 mg and paracetamol 650 mg (Cosalgesic, 28 patients) both available four times daily for 3 days. Suprofen was better than cosalgesic in the patients' opinion of initial (p = 0.01) and overall pain relief (p = 0.08) compared to Cosalgesic and the second night's sleep was better (p = 0.01). Side effects were reported in six suprofen patients and 10 cosalgesic patients (two suffering from vomiting withdrew). Suprofen, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug is as good as, or better than, a widely used opioid-paracetamol mixture for ambulant patients with postoperative dental pain. PMID- 3896017 TI - Urban hypothermia. AB - A case is reported of a 23-year-old man who became hypothermic within 4 hours of exposure. Full physical recovery occurred within 5 hours of an asystolic cardiac arrest using simple rewarming techniques. PMID- 3896018 TI - Depression and anxiety in pain clinic patients. Rapid assessment by microcomputer. AB - Computer administered depression and anxiety rating scales were used in a pilot study to screen patients attending a regional pain relief unit. Patients found the procedure acceptable and helpful. There was a poor correlation between the computer assessments and doctors' ratings, with in general a much greater degree of morbid depression and anxiety revealed by the computer. Computer administered rating scales may be useful as a screening tool in pain clinic patients to identify those at risk of significant psychiatric morbidity. PMID- 3896019 TI - Analgesia following femoral neck surgery. Lateral cutaneous nerve block as an alternative to narcotics in the elderly. AB - In a prospective controlled randomised trial on patients undergoing operative repair of fractured neck of femur via a lateral incision, the postoperative analgesic requirements of one group of patients who received a lateral cutaneous nerve block were compared with a second group who received no block. The former group were found to need significantly less intramuscular pethidine in the first 24 hours, and 44% required no supplementary analgesia whatsoever during this period. The time to first dose of opioid in the remainder was greatly increased. No untoward sequelae associated with the nerve block were seen. PMID- 3896020 TI - Controlled ventilation in dental outpatients. PMID- 3896021 TI - An o-phthalaldehyde spectrophotometric assay for proteinases. AB - A rapid and convenient spectrophotometric assay has been devised to measure proteolysis. The assay is based on the reaction of o-phthalaldehyde (OPA) and 2 mercaptoethanol with amino groups released during proteolysis of a protein substrate. The reaction is specific for primary amines in amino acids, peptides, and proteins, approaches completion within 1 to 2 min at 25 degrees C (half-times of approx 10-15 s), and requires no preliminary heating or separation of the hydrolyzed products from the undegraded protein substrate prior to performing the assay. The OPA assay was relatively as successful as a 2,4,6 trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) procedure in predicting the extent of hydrolysis of a protein substrate. The utility of the OPA method was demonstrated by measuring the degree of proteolytic degradation caused by trypsin, subtilisin, Pronase, and chymotrypsin of various soluble protein substrates. Ethanethiol (instead of 2-mercaptoethanol) or 50% of dimethyl sulfoxide can be included in the assay solution to stabilize certain OPA-amine products. The present method approaches the sensitivity of ninhydrin and TNBS procedures, is more convenient and rapid, and could substitute for these reagents in most assay systems. PMID- 3896022 TI - Detection of proteases by clotting of casein after gel electrophoresis. AB - Clotting of casein provides a sensitive method for detection of proteases after gel electrophoresis. The method is here designated "caseogram." After electrophoresis the gel was equilibrated with 0.15-0.3 M sodium acetate, pH 5.3, and an 1% agarose gel containing 1% skim-milk powder in 0.1 M sodium acetate, pH 5.3, was placed on top of the electrophoresis gel. By incubation at 37 degrees C for 2 h the protease-containing zones produced distinct precipitates in the skim milk gel. For permanent documentation the skim-milk gel was stained with amido black. The detection limit for pepsin A is 5 ng in the caseogram against 25 ng by hemoglobin digestion at pH 2.5. For calf chymosin it is 1 ng against 100 ng by digestion of hemoglobin at pH 3.5. Caseograms work well after agar gel electrophoresis, after different types of immunoelectrophoresis, and after isoelectric focusing or disc electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels. Since inert proteins do not interfere with the detection, the method is especially suitable for analysis of crude samples. Samples containing pepsinogen or pepsinogen-like zymogens may be activated at pH 2 before equilibration at pH 5.3. PMID- 3896023 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of crystals of tRNA, aminoacyl tRNA synthetase, and their complex. AB - High-performance liquid chromatography on an ion exchanger column was successfully used for a rapid biochemical analysis of crystals of yeast tRNAAsp and aspartyl-tRNA synthetase as well as cocrystals formed by the synthetase and the tRNA. PMID- 3896024 TI - Isocitrate dehydrogenase assays on intact bacterial cells. AB - A qualitative assay which can be adapted to screen large numbers of Escherichia coli colonies for the presence of soluble enzymes is described. In a test of the system using a new, especially sensitive assay for isocitrate dehydrogenase activity, colonies producing the enzyme could be correctly identified at the 70% level after 2 h of incubation and at the 100% level after 8 h of incubation. The completed reactions are stable for several days at room temperature. PMID- 3896025 TI - A sensitive and specific assay for dipeptidyl-aminopeptidase II in serum and tissues by liquid chromatography-fluorometry. AB - A highly sensitive and specific method for the assay of dipeptidyl-aminopeptidase II (DAP II) in crude enzyme preparations such as serum and tissue homogenates has been established by using a newly synthesized fluorogenic substrate, 7-Lys-Ala-4 methylcoumarinamide. The enzymatically formed 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. The activities of other aminopeptidases in human serum and rat brain homogenates were completely inhibited by o-phenanthroline without any effect on DAP II activity to permit specific determination of DAP II. The limit of sensitivity for DAP II activity was about 300 fmol/30 min. DAP II activity was found to be increased in sera from cancer patients, in contrast to the decrease in serum DAP IV activity. DAP II activity was found to be unequally distributed in rat brain regions, and the highest activity was found in the hypothalamus. PMID- 3896026 TI - Determination of glycolic acid level in higher plants during photorespiration by stable isotope dilution mass spectrometry with double-labeling experiments. AB - Determination of glycolic acid by stable isotope dilution was applied to the measurement of the glycolic acid pool size in tomato and maize leaves during photorespiration. Detached leaves were maintained in the presence of 18O2; [13C]glycolate was added to the foliar extract as an internal standard and the mixture of biological glycolate and [13C]glycolate was analyzed by combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The level of foliar glycolate pool was measured via the 13C label, and 18O incorporation was determined. PMID- 3896027 TI - LH response to LH-RH neonatally estrogenized male rats. AB - The LH response to 100 or 1000 ng of LH-RH was studied in adult male rats treated neonatally with 500 micrograms of estradiol benzoate or olive oil. The dose of 100 ng elicited the same LH increase in both groups, but the estrogenized animals responded more when 1000 ng of LH-RH was injected. These data suggest that the decreased LH response to orchidectomy found in estrogenized animals is not due to a failure in pituitary responsiveness to LH-RH. PMID- 3896029 TI - Cerebral venous sinus pressure in seated dogs: impact of PEEP, cervical venous compression, and abdominal compression. AB - The authors studied the effects of positive end-expiratory pressure (10 cmH2O PEEP), abdominal compression, and neck compression on dural venous sinus pressure (VSP) in seated dogs. Abdominal compression increased the central venous pressure (CVP) as well as both the systemic arterial pressure and the cardiac output and thus may offer a useful substitute for an antigravity suit. Except when CVP was greater than 8 mmHg, there was little or no correlation between CVP and VSP. Moreover, each method increased VSP, but this effect was closely related to VSP prior to application of the method (pre-VSP). On comparing the VSP changes in relation to the pre-VSP levels when they were either above or below -1.0 mmHg, significant differences were noted in VSP increases, i.e., -0.4 +/- 1.3 (mean +/- SEM) and 4.3 +/- 1.2 mmHg by PEEP, 1.9 +/- 0.3 and 6.4 +/- 0.4 mmHg by abdominal compression, and 10.2 +/- 1.3 and 1.5 +/- 0.5 mmHg by neck compression, respectively. This indicates that PEEP and abdominal compression were more effective in increasing relatively highly negative pre-VSP (less than -1.0 mmHg), while neck compression greatly increased pre-VSP when it was at or above a slightly negative pressure (-1.0 mmHg). The authors conclude that a single application of any one of these three methods during sitting-position surgery may not be effective in increasing cerebral dural sinus pressure. PMID- 3896028 TI - Intraoperative changes in blood coagulation and thrombelastographic monitoring in liver transplantation. AB - The blood coagulation system of 66 consecutive patients undergoing consecutive liver transplantations was monitored by thrombelastograph and analytic coagulation profile. A poor preoperative coagulation state, decrease in levels of coagulation factors, progressive fibrinolysis, and whole blood clot lysis were observed during the preanhepatic and anhepatic stages of surgery. A further general decrease in coagulation factors and platelets, activation of fibrinolysis, and abrupt decrease in levels of factors V and VIII occurred before and with reperfusion of the homograft. Recovery of blood coagulability began 30 60 min after reperfusion of the graft liver, and coagulability had returned toward baseline values 2 hr after reperfusion. A positive correlation was shown between the variables of thrombelastography and those of the coagulation profile. Thrombelastography was shown to be a reliable and rapid monitoring system. Its use was associated with a 33% reduction of blood and fluid infusion volume, whereas blood coagulability was maintained without an increase in the number of blood product donors. PMID- 3896030 TI - Epidural block using large volumes of local anesthetic solution for intercostal nerve block. PMID- 3896032 TI - The origination of common eponyms used in anesthesia. PMID- 3896031 TI - A pediatric face mask can be a useful aid in lung ventilation on postlaryngectomy patients. PMID- 3896033 TI - [Value of oculopneumoplethysmography in the diagnosis of carotid lesions]. PMID- 3896035 TI - Carotid ultrasonography--the new "gold standard". Surgical and angiographic correlation. AB - Atherosclerotic plaques and high grade stenosis in the carotid circulation are responsible for symptoms of cerebral and retinal ischemia. Identification of these lesions by angiography has been the "gold standard" for which the decision of endarterectomy depended. The recent introduction of high resolution carotid ultrasonography has allowed us to compare thirty-seven surgical specimens with the results of preoperative screening with angiography. UCI had a 97% correlation whereas angiography was accurate only 70%. More importantly there were ten negative angiograms in patients with clinically active ulcerative plaque disease. If surgery were based solely on the angiographic appearance of ulcerative plaques or high grade stenosis, then less than half of the patients have received the correct treatment. UCI deserves to be considered the new reference standard. PMID- 3896034 TI - [Deep venous thrombosis: pathogenesis and diagnosis]. PMID- 3896036 TI - Clinical-instrumental relationships in post-phlebitic syndrome. AB - 981 lower limbs belonging to 829 subjects, 67.6% of which were females, have been examined. The average venous pressure at the tibial posterior vein was 101 +/- 12 mmHg and 102 +/- 13 mmHg on the internal saphenous vein. In 311 lower limbs with femoro-iliac thrombosis, venous pressures are slightly higher than in 670 lower limbs with calf veins occlusion. In the 44.4% of cases the phlebothrombosis was clearly dependent on traumas, deliveries, surgical operations or other conditions. The relationships between the supposed aetiopathogenesis of the affection and the pressure values have been examined. The 6.7% refers to phlebitis, which caused pulmonary embolism during their acute phase. The different objective and subjective symptoms have, furthermore, been taken into consideration. It has been noticed by the analysis of the diagrams of the pressure values in the time that the same values which are considerably high at the initial phase of the iliac postphlebitic syndrome, are always high in the following years. On the other hand, in postphlebitic syndrome of the leg those pressures whose value are not remarkably high in the initial phase, increase from the second to the fourth year after the arising of phlebitis and, finally become stable at fairly high values, but still lower than those of iliac syndrome. The venous orthostatic pressure of internal saphenous vein in the iliac postphlebitic syndrome was also found to exceed the deep pressures, likely because of the altered saphenous discharge at the cross level. PMID- 3896037 TI - Peripheral circulatory effects of insulin in diabetes. AB - Peripheral circulatory effects of insulin were studied in the diabetic patients with and without autonomic neuropathy. Forearm blood flow, calf venous volume and calf venous distensibility were measured by strain gauge plethysmography. In the diabetic patients with autonomic neuropathy, mean blood pressure fell from 96 +/- 5 to 88 +/- 5 mmHg after an intravenous injection of 4 U of monocomponent insulin (p less than 0.001). Forearm vascular resistance decreased from 53.99 +/- 8.29 to 45.88 +/- 7.76 mmHg X ml-1 X 100ml-1 X min-1 after insulin (p less than 0.01). Insulin increased calf venous volume from 1.20 +/- 0.19 to 2.23 +/- 0.44 ml/100ml (p less than 0.05) and calf venous distensibility from 0.039 +/- 0.004 to 0.082 +/- 0.016 ml/mmHg (p less than 0.05). In contrast, in the diabetic patients without autonomic neuropathy, there were no significant changes in the mean blood pressure, forearm vascular resistance, calf venous volume and calf venous distensibility. Symptoms of hypoglycaemia did not occur in any patient. These results suggest that insulin has a vasodilator action on both resistance and capacitance vessels, which may be one of the main factors in insulin-induced hypotension. PMID- 3896038 TI - Methysergide (Sansert) treatment in acute stroke. Community pilot study. AB - Since its first discovery in 1948, serotonin (5-HT) has been the subject of considerable interest. Its potent vasoactivity led to the hypothesis that altered serotonin metabolism was responsible for the pathophysiology of cerebrovascular disease (infarction & hemorrhage) with documentation of elevated levels of serotonin in CSF. If (5-HT) serotonin-mediated release is ultimately responsible for cerebral edema, vasospasm and infarction in experimental and human stroke, then an opportunity exists to pharmacologically block these effects with serotonin-antagonizing agents. This hypothesis has been tested in the laboratory with several agents that inhibit biogenic amines resulting in promising data suggesting a reduction in damage and disability. Since the "natural history of human stroke" results in a 30-40% mortality within the first three weeks, an aggressive new attempt should be directed to increasing the number of survivors in this initial period of high risk. In this regard Sansert (methysergide) was considered worthy of clinical trials. PMID- 3896039 TI - The diagnosis of myocardial infarction by computer-derived protocol in a municipal hospital. AB - The evaluation of an emergency room patient with acute chest pain is often difficult. Recently, computers have been employed to develop protocols for identifying which patients are likely to have acute myocardial infarctions and to benefit, therefore, from admission to a relatively scarce coronary care unit bed. We have tested the latest computer-derived instrument in a municipal hospital and found it to be less reliable than the clinical judgement of physicians. PMID- 3896040 TI - Therapy for late post infarction ventricular tachycardia. AB - Non-sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) in the late post myocardial infarction (MI) period (7-21 days) has been reported to be a predictor of sudden death. We suspected that patients with 3 beat VT on Holter monitoring in the late infarction period would demonstrate electrical instability at electrophysiologic studies. Forty-seven patients were identified as having at least 3 beat VT on Holter monitoring. Eighteen patients refused electrophysiologic studies or were not referred by their attending physician. The mean ejection fraction of this group was 43 +/- 16%. Eight patients have died, 3 sudden deaths in 13 +/- 5 months, a 17% incidence of sudden death. Twenty-nine patients underwent invasive electrophysiologic studies. Their mean ejection fraction was 37 +/- 7%, and 28 had inducible, 18 sustained ventricular tachycardia and 10 non-sustained VT. No complications were noted with electrophysiological testing in the post infarction patients. Using programmed electrical stimulation studies an effective antiarrhythmic agent preventing VT induction (usually experimental) could be found for each patient. After a mean follow-up of 12.5 +/- 4 months, the patient without inducible VT is alive and 26 of the 28 "inducible" patients are alive and well. Two patients died, one of stroke and one due to pump failure following a second MI. No sudden deaths were observed in this group. Two patients had breakthrough arrhythmias and were treated by alternative antiarrhythmic therapy that was also effective at the initial electrophysiologic studies. Thus, PES studies post MI are safe and may be an effective way to assess therapy for patients in the early post MI period, identified at high risk for sudden death. PMID- 3896041 TI - On the therapy of disturbances of blood fluidity. AB - Physiology and pathophysiology of blood fluidity are reviewed focussing the clinical relevance of the different hyperviscosity syndromes with particular respect to the microcirculation and thromboembolic complications. A new therapeutical approach is presented with pentoxifylline, a drug which largely satisfies the complex requirements of a compound affecting most of the determinants of disturbed blood fluidity. The presented data of the multifunctional pharmacological properties of pentoxifylline on blood components and vessel wall suggest this drug as indicated for the treatment of the disorders of blood fluidity linked with many diseases. Its antihemostasiological and antithrombotic potential also offers the facility for prevention of postoperative thrombotic events and in vessel surgery to avoid reocclusion. PMID- 3896042 TI - Prevalence of atherosclerotic lesions at the carotid bifurcation in patients with asymptomatic bruits: an echo-Doppler (duplex) study. AB - The prevalence of atherosclerotic lesions at the carotid bifurcation with asymptomatic Meck bruits has been evaluated in 71 patients, 42 males, ages ranging from 19 to 84 yrs, referred to our non-invasive vascular laboratory for an echo-Doppler (duplex) scan, associated with spectral analysis (Mark V ATL with Flow analyzer 459). Fifty-nine patients had mid-neck or high-neck bruits (30 bilateral), 12 had low-neck bruits (4 bilateral). The internal carotid arteries were classified as normal, minimal stenosis (diameter reduction 20%), moderate stenosis (20-49%), severe stenosis greater than or equal to 50%), total occlusion. Twenty-four of the internal carotid arteries homolateral to a mid- or high-neck bruit were normal, 84% had stenosis of various degree (16% severe), 2% were occluded. Stenoses of various degree were also present on the contralateral side of the bruit. No lesions above a diameter reduction of 20% were present in the internal carotid arteries corresponding to a low-neck bruit. The echo-Doppler (duplex) system, being capable of spanning the whole spectrum of the internal carotid occlusive disease, allows us to limit the number of the invasive diagnostic procedures in asymptomatic patients. PMID- 3896043 TI - Low dose ventriculography using a poor man's video image processor. AB - During revascularisation procedures repeated left ventriculography using iodine contrast materials may be an unnecessary burden on left ventricular performance. We therefore investigated in 10 patients the diagnostic quality of low dose ventriculography using a video image processor which enhanced digital left ventricular images. It is concluded that low dose ventriculography using up to 70% dilution of contrast can be diagnostic in 90% of all cases, depending of the side of interest. PMID- 3896044 TI - Blood flow properties and walking performance in chronic arterial occlusive disease. AB - Recent investigations suggest an interdependence between blood fluidity and walking performance in patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD). Therefore, various blood fluidity variables (erythrocyte aggregation, erythrocyte flexibility, plasma viscosity, plasma proteins) were studied in groups of healthy subjects and claudicants with severe PAOD (exhausted perfusion reserve) receiving intravenous treatment with Trental (600 mg Pentoxifylline b.i.d., 21 days). Erythrocyte flexibility (expressed by filterability through micropore filters), red cell aggregation and plasma viscosity deteriorate with progression of disease especially in Stage IIb and III Fontaine classification, with walking distance below 150 m. Trental treatment resulted in patients with advanced POAD stages in improvement of red cell filterability, red cell aggregation, decrease of plasma viscosity, increase in absolute walking distance and relief from rest pain, suggesting that such patients are accessible to conservative treatment with hemorheologically active agents. PMID- 3896045 TI - Captopril for the treatment of patients with hypertension and peripheral vascular disease. AB - Many epidemiological studies have shown up the frequent association of arterial hypertension (HT) with atherosclerosis of different localizations. However, many of the drugs used to treat HT are contraindicated in patients with peripheral vascular disease (PVD), because they cause unfavorable metabolic changes or vasoconstriction. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of a proven hypotensive drug, captopril, on the peripheral circulation. The drug appeared to be effective in improving blood flow to lower limbs, prolonging the pain. Free interval and increasing the angle/arm arterial pressure index. PMID- 3896046 TI - Essential hypertension: a metabolic cause? A hypothesis. AB - Forty-five hypertensive patients, 28 women and 17 men, age range between 35 and 65 years (mean 50 years), with blood pressures which current therapy did not succeed to control, were submitted to several examinations in order to identify the cause of their hypertension. We found isolated or combined abnormal values of aldosterone, renin, calcium and or potassium as the only alterations in 19 patients. We distinguished 4 groups descretionally classified according to biochemical alterations: renin and aldosterone increase, renin increase, aldosterone increase, calcium and or potassium reduction. The therapy used, intentionally aimed at the correction of the biochemical alterations found. Normal blood pressure was achieved in all patients and simultaneously the biochemical alterations also became normal in patients with isolated hyperreninemia, with combined hyperreninemia and hyperaldosteronemia and in those with hypocalcemia and or hypopotassemia. In patients were only isolated hyperaldosteronemia was found, this condition returned to normal in all except one. We suggest that besides the disturbances in sodium distribution other electrolytes or biochemical alterations may also play an equally important role in regulating, and sustaining essential hypertension. PMID- 3896047 TI - The reliability of Doppler ultrasound techniques in the assessment of carotid disease. AB - The reliability of continuous wave (CW) Doppler imaging and Duplex scanning in the assessment of carotid artery disease has been evaluated prospectively in comparison with biplanar angiography. Of 130 comparisons the sensitivity of Doppler imaging was 89% and specificity 99% in the detection of greater than or equal to 50% internal carotid stenosis, and 87% and 99% respectively in the diagnosis of internal carotid occlusion. Of 118 comparisons the sensitivity of Duplex scanning was 93% and specificity 98% in the detection of greater than or equal to 50% internal carotid stenosis, and 93% and 99% respectively in the diagnosis of internal carotid occlusion. CW Doppler imaging and Duplex scanning are accurate techniques in the diagnosis and categorisation of internal carotid artery disease. CW Doppler imaging is an effective screening technique for the presence of greater than or equal to 50% internal carotid artery stenosis. Duplex scanning also has the potential for improved detection of early internal carotid artery disease and study of the natural history of atherosclerosis. PMID- 3896048 TI - Hemostatic Balance Index in TIA patients: sex-related changes. AB - In order to evaluate the occurrence of hemostatic disorders, 37 patients with transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) and 50 control subjects were studied by means of the Hemostatic Balance Index (H.B.I.) derived from Raby's Thrombodynamic Potential Index (T.P.I.) and Fearnley's Whole Blood Diluted Lysis Time (W.B.D.L.T.). Results showed a significant increase in T.P.I. and a tendency to a decrease in fibrinolytic activity in the TIA group: H.B.I. was shown to be significantly increased, thus indicating a pro-thrombotic imbalance in these patients. The occurrence of similar changes in TIA females when compared to male patients marks the importance of plasmatic factors in the mechanism of thrombotic disorders in females with cerebrovascular disease. PMID- 3896049 TI - Effort angina without coronary obstruction in a patient with Takayasu's aortitis: a case report. AB - Angina occurring in patients with Takayasu's aortitis is attributed to the narrowing of the coronary ostium and/or aortic regurgitation. We treated a patient with Takayasu's aortitis with effort angina, in whom there was no obstruction of the ostium or aortic regurgitation. Treadmill exercise stress test revealed significant ST depression in leads V4-6, II, III and aVF with chest pain. Examinations of lactate in coronary sinus as well as arterial blood suggested the occurrence of myocardial ischemia during atrial pacing. The DPTI/TTI index was decreased and the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure was increased during angina. It is considered that the reduced coronary perfusion pressure resulted from a low diastolic aortic pressure and the elevated left ventricular end-diastolic pressure decreased the DPTI/TTI index and contributed to the development of subendocardial ischemia. PMID- 3896050 TI - Systemic allergy to human (recombinant DNA) insulin. AB - Allergy to insulin is extremely rare and is, in part, due to the differences in amino acid sequence of animal and human insulin. We report here a 37-year-old, white, pregnant woman who was allergic to beef/pork, purified pork, as well as human insulin. She reacted with a wheal and flare reaction in response to intradermal human and purified porcine insulins. She was desensitized to human insulin in order to continue insulin therapy during pregnancy. The course of this patient emphasizes that some patients are allergic even to human insulin and may require desensitization prior to insulin therapy. PMID- 3896051 TI - Diagnostic problems in asthma. AB - Asthma can be over-diagnosed, but is more often under-diagnosed. The diagnosis can be made by demonstrating the reversibility of airway obstruction or by a provocation test if the baseline spirometry is normal. The most frequent causes of missing the diagnosis are (1) atypical clinical presentation, (2) misconceptions about age of onset of childhood asthma, and (3) the coexistence of another chronic respiratory illness that may have a more dramatic clinical picture and constitute a "red herring." It is fascinating to speculate on the similarities and differences between classical asthma (which has a usually completely reversible obstruction) and the hyperreactivity and partial reversibility of chronic inflammatory diseases like COPD or CF. Unfortunately much remains to be investigated and little is known at present about these questions. Even in classical asthma, chronic or recurrent inflammation (even by late allergic reaction) could worsen the basic hyperreactivity and this could be amenable to treatment or prevention. PMID- 3896052 TI - [Mathematical approach to bacterial identification]. AB - The identification of Enterobacteriaceae is examined in the context of the recent field of research assisted by multi-criteria decisions. In particular, the authors discuss the limitations of two approaches of assisted identification based on completely different mathematical concepts: the calculation of the probabilities (used in commercial centres) and the aggregation of pre-orders by a model of assisted decision such as Electra II. In order to reduce the errors of interpretation inherent in the use of any model, the authors propose the use of computer assisted systems of bacterial identification in bacteriology laboratories. PMID- 3896053 TI - [Evaluation of a method for determining the specific gravity of urine with a reagent strip]. AB - The performance of a new reagent strip method for determining the urine specific gravity was evaluated. 342 clinical specimens were assayed in duplicate by the new method and by the "falling drop" technique. The reproducibility (two lots of strips, four operators) was very good (96.2 per cent agreement between replicates within a range of 0,0100 specific gravity units). The correlation with the comparative method was satisfactory [81,2 per cent concordance within a range of 0,0100 specific gravity units]. No interference was found from ketones, blood or urobilinogen. The influence of proteins and glucose is discussed. The practical advantages of the new method are described. PMID- 3896054 TI - [Chlamydia trachomatis: detection using a direct test and culture in 100 genital specimens]. AB - We have used in routine fluorescein labelled monoclonal antibodies to detect directly C. trachomatis in genital smears from 68 men with urethritis and 32 women with leukorrhoea or cervicitis. We have compared the results with those obtained by culture on cycloheximide treated McCoy cells stained by Giemsa. C. trachomatis was detected in men respectively from 31 per cent of urethral specimens by culture and 29 per cent by direct test and in women from 12 per cent of cervical specimens by culture and 9 per cent by direct test. There was agreement between the results in 92 per cent of the specimen tested. Discrepancies were observed in case of low number of inclusions in culture or low number of elementary bodies in direct test. The direct test seems a rapid and sensitive method and can be performed by many laboratories. PMID- 3896055 TI - [Clinical value of the adaptation of an EMIT method for the determination of urinary aminoglycosides]. PMID- 3896056 TI - Science and shock: a clinical perspective. AB - In spite of all the scientific and technical advances in recent years, shock that is not rapidly correctable with fluid can have a morbidity rate exceeding 80%. Consequently awareness of such precipitating factors as sepsis and early diagnosis and treatment are essential. Treatment should be rapid and should follow a previously outlined protocol. Such protocols should include correction of the precipitating problem and aggressive resuscitation to assure adequate ventilation and oxygenation of the blood and optimal oxygen delivery to the tissues. Fluid and blood should be given as needed until filling pressures begin to rise rapidly with further fluid infusion. With hemorrhagic shock in previously healthy individuals, a hemoglobin level of 10.0 g/dL is usually adequate. In older, septic, or cardiogenic shock patients, a hemoglobin level of 12.5 to 14.0 may be preferable. If an optimal preload does not increase cardiac output to normal or higher levels, inotropic agents should be used. If shock still persists, one must be sure that the arterial pH is not excessively high or low. Glucocorticoids may then be given in low dose (200 mg hydrocortisone) in case some degree of adrenal insufficiency is present. They can also be given in high doses (equivalent to 150 mg/kg hydrocortisone) early in septic shock primarily to prevent excess complement activation and to preserve membrane integrity. Vasopressors may occasionally be required if there is excessive vasodilation, especially if there is persistent hypotension in the presence of high-grade coronary or cerebral artery stenosis. Vasodilators may be used to try to correct myocardial ischemia (nitroglycerin), excessive preload (nitroglycerin), or excessive afterload (nitroprusside or hydralazine). Combinations of vasodilators and inotropic agents may be required in some patients with high systemic vascular resistance and persistently low cardiac outputs. Mechanical assist with IABP can be of great value in persistent cardiogenic shock. Diuretics may occasionally help prevent renal failure in patients who are persistently oliguric after blood flow and pressure are restored. Heparin is occasionally of value if DIC develops with no concomitant fibrinolysis. Antibiotics are important in septic shock and may also be important if persistent shock has reduced gastrointestinal mucosal integrity so that bacteria and bacterial products can enter the portal system.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3896057 TI - Current concepts regarding adult respiratory distress syndrome. AB - Adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a multietiologic acute and progressive pulmonary dysfunction that may be precipitated by any of a number of pathogenic agents. Clinical and experimental studies suggest that activation of complement and blood neutrophils plays a significant role in the development of pulmonary vascular injury, which is an important pathophysiological feature of ARDS. Although the specific cellular and biochemical mechanisms resulting in the development of ARDS are unknown, it has been suggested that oxygen-derived free radicals generated from complement-activated granulocytes may be involved, directly or indirectly, in the destruction of lung vascular endothelium and alveolar tissue matrix. This hypothesis is supported by recent experimental studies showing that acute lung injury secondary to systemic complement activation can largely be prevented by interventions that scavenge for hydroxyl radicals or restrict availability of ionic iron. PMID- 3896058 TI - Ischemic brain injury and cell calcium: morphologic and therapeutic aspects. AB - Histopathological data obtained from different experimental models of hypoxia and ischemia were evaluated in order to extend current knowledge of mechanisms responsible for delayed neuronal cell death. Special attention is given to the distribution of calcium (Ca2+) in vulnerable areas during the postischemic period. Between an initial defensive Ca2+ sequestration, which is completely reversible, and final toxic Ca2+ overload, which is associated with irreversible neuronal necrosis, important Ca2+ shifts could be demonstrated cytochemically. Such shifts occur mainly at excitatory presynaptic sites and seem to precede structural ischemic cell change in postsynaptic areas. Recent results obtained with some Ca2+ entry blockers indicate that prophylactic treatment and postischemic intervention prevent cytosolic Ca2+ overload and reduce delayed brain injury. PMID- 3896059 TI - Artificial perfusion techniques during cardiac arrest: questions of experimental focus versus clinical need. AB - Contemporary cerebral-cardiopulmonary resuscitation investigations in the experimental laboratory have defined mechanisms for blood flow during closed chest CPR and have demonstrated that the current CPR technique produces limited systemic perfusion. Modified closed-chest CPR techniques usually improve perfusion. Unfortunately few laboratory CPR studies have actually investigated resuscitation and survival. In addition, the animal model employed (prolonged ventricular fibrillation) may have limited clinical relevance, based on clinical experience and resuscitation practice, and data reporting techniques and their interpretation may be affected by control values that are not normal because of the effects of anesthetics. Closed-chest CPR was intended to buy time until a countershock could be delivered. Clinical and laboratory experience indicate that this goal can be met. Cerebral perfusion during closed-chest CPR is low, but adequacy from a functional perspective following restoration of circulation has not been carefully studied. Preservation of neuronal integrity after restoration of spontaneous circulation may be more important than cerebral perfusion during cardiac arrest and CPR. The role and benefit of open-chest CPR have yet to be determined, because this technique will most likely be used after conventional CPR failure. New and different experimental models are required to meet clinical needs and challenges. The alliance between practitioner and investigator should be strengthened if common goals are to be attained. PMID- 3896060 TI - Role of iron ions in the genesis of reperfusion injury following successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation: preliminary data and a biochemical hypothesis. AB - Presented is a rationale for use of a new class of drugs, the iron chelating agents, in advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) to prevent late deaths and brain damage following successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The relevant biochemical hypothesis states that free iron ions, liberated from bound intracellular stores during ischemia, catalyze initiation of free radical mediated reactions that propagate through membrane lipids and proteins. Progressive ultrastructural damage may result, ultimately causing deterioration of function and death. Chelation of intracellular iron by deferoxamine, a commercially available drug that distributes to the intracellular space and has a great affinity for iron ions, may prevent such reactions. A hypothesis concerning relevant pathological chemistry is developed in detail. PMID- 3896061 TI - Ischemic brain protection. AB - Despite advances in the understanding of the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia, no single brain resuscitation therapy has yet been shown to be clinically superior to brain-oriented intensive care. Basic concepts in cardiopulmonary-cerebral resuscitation (CPCR) are discussed, as are two specific phases of CPCR, cerebral preservation and cerebral resuscitation. Cerebral preservation is initiated during cardiac arrest (ie, prior to restoration of spontaneous circulation [ROSC]) and includes use of artificial perfusion techniques and drugs to produce cerebral perfusion during this phase. Cerebral resuscitation is brain-oriented therapy initiated after ROSC. Pharmacologic agents currently under study for cerebral resuscitation include the barbiturates, calcium antagonists, and iron chelators. With respect to defining efficacy of the pharmacologic agents, the concept of therapeutic window is important. Although no agent has been proven clinically, several appear to be promising. PMID- 3896062 TI - Advances in the management of closed head injury. AB - The management of closed head injury has improved recently. Mortality rates for severe trauma are lower and outcomes are more favorable. Advances are related to improved diagnostic tools, such as computerized tomography scanning, aggressive supportive care, standardized evaluation criteria, and program-oriented rehabilitation. Further progress depends on sophisticated triage, including delivery of the patient to an experienced head-injury unit, as well as successful manipulation of cellular and subcellular processes to maintain brain homeostasis. Recent developments in the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of closed head injury are reviewed, and promising research avenues are discussed. PMID- 3896063 TI - Needle embolus: a unique complication of intravenous drug abuse. AB - We report a unique complication of intravenous drug abuse, central embolization of a needle from a peripheral site. A heroin addict dislodged a needle into the soft tissues of the forearm during self injection. Immediate surgical attempts to visualize and remove the needle were unsuccessful. On a subsequent admission, chest radiograph showed the needle in the right mid-lung field. No attempt at removal was made. PMID- 3896064 TI - Prevalence of Trypanosoma theileri in cows and fetuses at slaughter. AB - Blood from 171 pregnant and 65 nonpregnant cows was taken at slaughter for culture and examined during the culturing period for Trypanosoma theileri once a week for 5 weeks. Of the 171 fetuses from the pregnant cows, 119 (69.6%) were greater than or equal to 4 months gestation; blood samples from these fetuses were also taken for culture. Of 236 cows (81 of 171 [47.4%] pregnant and 20 of 65 [30.8%] nonpregnant cows), 101 (42.8%) were culture positive. More of the pregnant than nonpregnant cows were culture positive (P less than 0.05). More beef cows (48.0%) than dairy cows (34.1%) were culture positive (P less than 0.025). Two of the 119 (1.7%) fetus samples were found culture positive. The percentages of positive cultures from Brucella-reactor cows, 18 of 40 (45.0%), and from non-Brucella-reactor cows, 83 of 196 (42.3%), were similar. However, both of the culture-positive fetuses were from Brucella-reactor cows. PMID- 3896065 TI - Efficacy of the API Staph-Ident system for identification of Staphylococcus species from milk. AB - A total of 524 staphylococcal isolates from bovine milk were identified, using the API Staph-Ident system and conventional biochemical methods. The API Staph Ident system correctly identified 192 of 201 (95.5%) Staphylococcus aureus isolates, but was correct on only 23 of 323 (7.1%) non-S aureus isolates. PMID- 3896066 TI - Comparison of three suture techniques for anastomosis of the small intestine in the horse. AB - Seven horses were used to compare the Gambee, the crushing, and a 2-layer inverting suture pattern composed of a simple continuous layer in the mucosa oversewn with a continuous Lembert pattern in the seromuscular layer. Horses were evaluated at 30 days for adhesion formation, lumen diameter, and quality of healing at the anastomotic sites. One horse was euthanatized 9 days after surgery after 24 hours of ileus and colic; necropsy revealed septic peritonitis and widespread adhesions. One horse had no adhesions. The remaining horses had adhesions associated with 50% of the Gambee and 50% of the crushing anastomoses. There were no adhesions related to the 2-layer inverting techniques in these 6 horses. There was no significant difference in percentage reduction of lumen diameters between the 3 techniques, and there was no evidence of chronic obstruction resulting from any of the anastomotic techniques. Histologically, the inflammatory response and fibrosis were minimal in the single layer patterns, but there was increased fibrosis and suture tract inflammation in the 2-layer inverting technique. PMID- 3896068 TI - Production and preliminary characterization of monoclonal antibodies to Actinobacillus sp isolated from epididymitis lesions in a ram. AB - A panel of 55 monoclonal antibodies to an Actinobacillus sp isolate (As8C strain) cultured from the epididymides of an infected ram was produced. Cell lines producing 5 of these antibodies were cloned and expanded by hybridoma tumor production in Balb/c mice. An isotype profile revealed that 1 cloned antibody belonged to the immunoglobulin (Ig) M class and the 4 remaining antibodies belonged to the IgG class. Within the IgG class, 1 clone produced IgG1, 1 clone produced IgG2a, and 2 clones produced IgG2b. Ascites fluid antibody titers from the cloned hybridomas ranged from 6,400 to 51,200, as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Specificity of the antibodies to target As8C antigens could be demonstrated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay inhibition. Ascites fluid from 2 clones contained antibodies that agglutinated As8C. Two additional clones produced antibodies capable of only partial agglutination, whereas 1 clone produced antibody that did not agglutinate As8C. The indirect fluorescent antibody test revealed that target antigens for at least 4 of the 5 monoclonal antibodies were most likely located on the bacterial cell surface. Antigens were extracted from As8C, using 5 surface active chemicals. An attempt to immunoprecipitate these antigens in agarose by reacting individual extracts with each of the antibodies was unsuccessful. PMID- 3896067 TI - Alterations in coagulation and hemograms of horses given endotoxins for 24 hours via hepatic portal infusions. AB - This experiment was designed to establish a model for the study of gastrointestinal disturbances as a result of prolonged endotoxin uptake in the horse. The hepatic portal vein of 7 horses was catheterized (through flank incisions) to give chronic hepatic portal infusions of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, endotoxin). Lipopolysaccharide was infused at a rate of 1 microgram/kg of body weight/hr for 24 hours. Two of the horses were infused with saline solution for 12 hours before LPS infusions were given. Lipopolysaccharide was shown to affect behavior and hematologic and coagulation values. The 1st hour was critical for the LPS-infused horses; yet by 4 hours, the horses had apparently become refractory to continued infusion of LPS. During the 1st hour, all horses collapsed without an accompanying hypotension. A decrease in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (neutrophils) was seen during this time and was accompanied by a shortening of the recalcification tests, 1-stage prothrombin time, and activated partial thromboplastin time. There was an increased concentration of circulating fibrinogen/fibrin degradatory products. All of the LPS-infused horses showed signs of hoof discomfort and either stood with the 4 feet together beneath the body or continually shifted their weight from one front foot to the other. Hoof temperature decreased approximately 3 degrees (C) during this time and remained decreased for the duration of the experiment. PMID- 3896069 TI - Correlation of macrophage migration-inhibition factor and protection from challenge exposure in calves vaccinated with Salmonella typhimurium. AB - Migration of bovine macrophages under agarose was used to assess cellular immunity in 7 nonvaccinated calves and 9 calves vaccinated with Salmonella typhimurium. The 9 vaccinated calves were allotted to 4 groups. Group I calves were vaccinated twice orally with small doses of virulent S typhimurium; group II calves were vaccinated twice orally with genetically altered aromatic-dependent (aro-) S typhimurium SL3261; group III calves were vaccinated twice IM with small doses of virulent S typhimurium; and group IV calves were vaccinated twice IM with aro- S typhimurium SL1479. Samples of blood were obtained from these calves at 2 weeks after the 2nd vaccinal dose was given, and lymphocytes were harvested, using lymphocyte separation medium. Lymphocytes in serum-free medium were then incubated with S typhimurim antigen for 48 hours. Lymphocytes were then transferred to antigen-free medium and incubated for 48 hours, and the supernatant was assayed for the migration-inhibition factor (MIF). Lymphocyte supernatant was assayed for MIF by incubating it for 48 hours with 2.0 X 10(4) alveolar macrophages in agar wells. The macrophage migration distance was measured and compared with control values. Macrophage migration was inhibited in the presence of supernatant of lymphocytes from vaccinated calves that had been incubated with antigen, indicating the presence of the MIF in the supernatant. Migration distances, as a percentage of control, were 33% for group I calves (oral vaccination, virulent vaccinal organism), 60% for group II calves (oral vaccination, aro- vaccinal organism), 41% for group III (IM vaccination, virulent organism), and 25% for group IV (IM vaccination, aro- vaccinal organism).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3896070 TI - Resistance plasmids of Pasteurella multocida isolated from turkeys. AB - From 1940 through 1978, fifty-eight strains of Pasteurella multocida (serotype 3) were isolated from turkeys throughout the United States and were examined for R plasmids. Forty-one of the isolates contained plasmid DNA, of which 7 isolates were found to encode resistance to tetracycline, streptomycin, and sulfonamides, or to streptomycin and sulfonamides. The R-plasmids were 2 to 10 megadaltons, nonconjugal, and contained a moles percent guanine plus cytosine ratio in the range of 57 to 61. The R-plasmids did not belong to any of the 19 incompatibility groups evaluated, including Inc Q. Digestion with restriction endonuclease indicated that 2 of the plasmids from P multocida isolated in 1960 and 1962 were identical, whereas 4 of the 5 plasmids obtained from P multocida isolated after 1966 were identical, with the 5th plasmid closely related to the other 4. The results indicated that R-plasmids were not widely dispersed among P multocida (serotype 3) isolated from turkeys in the United States. The nontransmissible nature of these plasmids was probably the major reason for their lack of dissemination. PMID- 3896071 TI - Sensitivity and specificity of the indirect-fluorescent antibody test and two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays in canine dirofilariasis. AB - Ninety dogs naturally infected with Dirofilaria immitis and 103 noninfected dogs, as determined by necropsy, were used to compare the sensitivity and specificity of the cuticular and somatic reactions of the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFA-C and IFA-S, respectively) and 2 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). In microfilaremic and amicrofilaremic heartworm-infected dogs, negative results were common for all serotests. In dogs without adult heartworms at necropsy, 32% to 49% were positive, using 1 ELISA, 27% to 29% were positive with the other ELISA, 15% to 36% were positive with the IFA-S, and 0% to 1% were positive using the IFA-C, depending on the classification of borderline reactions. The prevalence of false positive serotests was probably not due to the detection of precardial stages of D immitis in dogs obtained from areas of low endemicity. Until the causes of the false-positive tests are resolved, the use of currently available serotests for routine diagnostic screening or as criteria for instituting treatment is not recommended. PMID- 3896072 TI - Effects of flunixin meglumine on blood pressure and fluid compartment volume changes in ponies given endotoxin. AB - A study was conducted to determine whether body fluids undergo a net shift from one compartment to another during endotoxin-induced shock in the pony, and whether flunixin meglumine alters these endotoxin-induced changes in the volumes of body fluid compartments. Total blood, RBC, and plasma volumes were determined, using 51Cr-labeled RBC and PCV that were corrected for trapped plasma. Total body water was measured by distribution of 3HOH. Arterial blood pressure was measured directly, using a blood pressure transducer. Treatment (flunixin meglumine, 1.1 mg/kg of body weight) was given to 6 of the 12 ponies 1 minute before an IV injection of Escherichia coli endotoxin (100 micrograms/kg of body weight, LD100). The PCV and RBC volume increased in both groups; however, the hemoconcentration was less in flunixin meglumine-treated ponies. In nontreated ponies, total blood volume and plasma volume decreased significantly during the first hour after endotoxin administration. In treated ponies, total blood volume did not vary significantly, and plasma volume decreased only slightly. In both groups, the increase in PCV was apparently due to splenic contraction, which increased the number of circulating RBC. Hemoconcentration was further increased in nontreated ponies by the loss of plasma into the interstitial space. Flunixin meglumine reduced plasma loss, minimized hemoconcentration, and maintained normal blood volume. Total body water remained constant in treated and nontreated ponies. PMID- 3896073 TI - Stimulation and killing of bovine mononuclear leukocytes by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin). AB - Bovine adherent mononuclear leukocytes were incubated with bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in vitro, and these cells produced a factor that increased the blastogenic reaction of mouse thymocytes to concanavalin A. This factor most resembles interleukin 1. The LPS were also cytotoxic for bovine adherent mononuclear leukocytes in a dose-and time-dependent manner. Cytotoxicosis was determined by the release of cytoplasmic lactic dehydrogenase. This cytotoxicosis was blocked by treating the cells with corticosteroids. Variation in the reaction to LPS occurred in cells collected from the same cow on different days and from cells collected from different cows. PMID- 3896074 TI - Factors influencing enhanced Salmonella typhimurium infection in Eimeria tenella infected chickens. AB - To investigate a possible mechanism involved in the enhancement of Salmonella typhimurium infection in chickens concurrently infected with Eimeria tenella, S typhimurium was given orally to chickens 7 days after E tenella inoculation. The number of viable S typhimurium decreased in the ceca of chickens not inoculated with E tenella, whereas the number gradually increased in the ceca of chickens inoculated with E tenella. Cecal contents were analyzed for pH value, oxidation reduction potential, and amounts of short-chain fatty acids and bile acids. In the ceca of E tenella-inoculated chickens, the oxidation-reduction potential significantly (P less than 0.05) shifted to the oxidative phase, and the concentration of volatile fatty acids (acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid) significantly (P less than 0.05) decreased. In both aerobic and anaerobic incubations, the number of viable S typhimurium in vitro decreased as the molar concentration of fatty acids increased. Experimental evidence indicated that multiplication of S typhimurium in the ceca of E tenella-inoculated chickens was associated with decreased concentrations of volatile fatty acids. PMID- 3896075 TI - Pulmonary emphysema and proteolysis. An encore. PMID- 3896076 TI - Limited bronchoconstriction to methacholine using partial flow-volume curves in nonasthmatic subjects. AB - We investigated whether the plateau of the dose-response to nonsensitizing stimuli, such as methacholine, could be explained by the airway dilation that follows lung inflation in nonasthmatics. We used maximal expiratory partial flow volume curves to measure the response of the airways to doubling doses of inhaled methacholine up to 256 mg/ml (a noncumulative dose of 340 mumol delivered to the mouth during tidal breathing) in 12 nonasthmatics on 2 days. Maximal expiratory complete flow-volume curves and FEV1 were also obtained along with the partial curves. Flows were measured at 40% of control vital capacity using the complete (V40c) and the partial (V40p) curves. A maximal response plateau of 2 or more doubling concentrations was demonstrated in all subjects based on V40p, and in 10 subjects based on FEV1. The level of the plateau was the highest for the V40p (mean +/- SD = 65 +/- 19% of baseline), intermediate for V40c (45 +/- 22%), and the lowest for FEV1 (16 +/- 11%). There was more than a 100-fold range in responsiveness expressed as the provocative concentration to cause a 40% fall of baseline in V40p (PC40); the lower the PC40, the higher the level of the plateau. All the results were reproducible between the 2 days. We also investigated whether the plateau may have been due to a tachyphylactic effect of cumulative doses of methacholine. The maximal response after increasing concentrations of methacholine up to 256 mg/ml was not different from the response obtained after a single dose of 256 mg/ml.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3896077 TI - Effect of circadian rhythm on bronchomotor tone after deep inspiration in normal and in asthmatic subjects. AB - Bronchomotor tone after deep inspiration and bronchial responsiveness to methacholine were studied at 4:00 A.M. and 4:00 P.M. in 14 normal and 13 asthmatic subjects. Bronchomotor tone was assessed with respiratory resistance (Rrs) measured by the forced oscillation method. Bronchial responsiveness to methacholine and baseline Rrs were higher at 4:00 A.M. than at 4:00 P.M. in both normal and asthmatic subjects (p less than 0.01). The difference in methacholine threshold between 4:00 P.M. and 4:00 A.M. In asthmatics was similar to that in normal subjects. Immediately after deep inspiration, Rrs decreased more at 4:00 A.M. than at 4:00 P.M. In normal subjects. In contrast, asthmatic subjects showed a significantly greater immediate increase in Rrs after deep inspiration at 4:00 A.M. than at 4:00 P.M. It is suggested that the bronchoconstrictive effect after deep inspiration is a distinguishing characteristic of asthmatics. PMID- 3896078 TI - Airway responsiveness to inhaled antigen, histamine, and methacholine in inbred, ragweed-sensitized dogs. AB - We studied the responses to antigen in animals selected from a colony of inbred dogs sensitized to specific allergens to determine if they had characteristics similar to those of human asthmatics. They were immunized with ragweed and grass pollen extracts (10 micrograms in alum) immediately after routine vaccination with attenuated live virus (distemper and hepatitis) and killed bacteria (Leptospira) at 4, 8, and 12 wk of age. Subsequently, ragweed and grass injections were repeated every 2 months. Immunized dogs made specific IgE antibodies in serum averaging 3 to 4 times that of control animals (no immunization with pollen or vaccine). They showed positive skin responses to the injection of ragweed pollen extract, whereas control dogs did not respond to ragweed pollen by quantitative skin test or inhalation challenge. In immunized dogs under barbiturate anesthesia, air-flow resistance of the total respiratory system increased from 0.60 +/- 0.07 (mean +/- SEM) before to 12.6 +/- 3.4 cm H2O/lps 5 min after the start of antigen aerosol; respiratory resistance remained increased for 20 min and was associated with 0 hypoxemia and increased arterial plasma histamine. In addition, airway responsiveness to both inhaled histamine and methacholine was greater in immunized dogs than in nonimmunized dogs of comparable age. Airway responses to each agonist were highly reproducible on repeated testing. These results indicate that physiologic responses to antigen by inbred, ragweed-sensitized dogs resemble human asthma closely and that these dogs appear suitable for a variety of experimental studies of asthma with respect to pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. PMID- 3896079 TI - Growth and differentiation of human nasal epithelial cells in culture. Serum free, hormone-supplemented medium and proteoglycan synthesis. AB - Ham's F12 medium supplemented with insulin (Ins), transferrin (Tf), epidermal growth factor (EGF), hydrocortisone (HC), T3, cholera toxin (CT), and bovine hypothalamus extract (BHE) was developed for in vitro growth of human nasal epithelial (HNE) cells. The HNE cells were dissociated from freshly excised nasal polyps or turbinates with protease. Colony-forming efficiency of primary HNE cells was approximately 5%. Growth studies showed Ins, BHE, and CT were essential for growth; HC, EGF, Tf, and T3 were also stimulatory for growth. The growth rate in this serum-free, hormone-supplemented medium was 24 h per population doubling. Up to 20 population doublings and 3 passages of dissociated HNE cells could be achieved. Addition of serum to this culture medium inhibited epithelial cell growth. Vitamin A had no apparent effect on cell growth but induced an alteration in the morphologic characteristics of the cell. The epithelial nature of cultured cells was confirmed by positive staining with antihuman keratin antibody, ultrastructural studies, and by formation of a columnar, ciliated epithelium in denuded tracheal grafts repopulated by these cultured HNE cells. Biochemical analyses of glycoproteins (labeled with 3H-glucosamine and/or 35S-sulfate) secreted by cultured HNE cells were unable to demonstrate the secretion of mucinlike glycoproteins in culture. Instead, major secretory products of cultured cells were hyaluronate and heparan sulfate. These results were in agreement with morphologic observations that showed no mucus-secreting granules in cultured cells. Dome formation was observed in high cell density cultures. We conclude that HNE cells can be cultured in well-defined culture media. As indicated by formation of domes, these cells may be useful for in vitro ion transport studies. Further differentiation, however, may be required for studies of mucin synthesis. PMID- 3896080 TI - Acute cigarette smoke exposure increases alveolar permeability in rabbits. AB - We measured lung clearance of aerosolized technetium-labeled diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (99mTcDTPA) as an index of alveolar epithelial permeability in rabbits exposed to cigarette smoke. Eighteen rabbits were randomly assigned to 3 equal-size groups: control, all smoke exposure (ASE), and limited smoke exposure (LSE). Cigarette or sham smoke was delivered by syringe in a series of 5, 10, 20, and 30 tidal volume breaths with a 20-min counting period between each subset of breaths to determine 99mTcDTPA biologic half-life (T1/2). Mean T1/2 minimum (i.e., the smallest T1/2 observed) was significantly lower (p less than 0.05) for ASE and LSE rabbits than by control rabbits. We observed a significant difference at 20 and 30 breath exposures between the control and ASE group mean values (% baseline) for T1/2, arterial blood pressure, and peak airway pressure. A combination of light and electron microscopy showed focal alveolar edema and hemorrhage in the ASE and LSE groups but no alveolar-capillary membrane damage. In summary, acute cigarette smoke exposure increases alveolar permeability as measured by 99mTcDTPA clearance, but there was no detectable ultrastructural alteration of the alveolar-capillary membrane. PMID- 3896081 TI - Bronchoalveolar lavage and lung histology. Comparative analysis of inflammatory and immunocompetent cells in patients with sarcoidosis and hypersensitivity pneumonitis. AB - To determine whether bronchoalveolar lavage reflects the histologic aspects of the lung histology in patients with sarcoidosis and hypersensitivity pneumonitis, cells recovered from lavage fluid were compared with tissue sections from transbronchial lung biopsies in 33 patients. The evaluation of cellular types and their topographic distribution in situ was determined by using monoclonal antibodies in combination with immunohistochemical techniques. Cell counts in bronchoalveolar lavage and lung biopsies were significantly correlated both in sarcoidosis and hypersensitivity pneumonitis. In fact, the relative proportions of inflammatory and immunocompetent cells recovered from lavage fluid accurately overlapped those observed in lung tissue sections. However, in patients with more pronounced alveolitis, the frequency of macrophages in tissue sections was higher than that observed in the bronchoalveolar lavage, and the degree of lymphocytes in the lavage was higher than that observed in the corresponding biopsy. Specifically, in these patients the lavage underestimated the amount of macrophages in the lung biopsies and overestimated the number of lymphocytes that were present in the lung parenchyma. This was more evident in patients with hypersensitivity pneumonitis, where the intensity of alveolitis was higher than in sarcoidosis. Our data support the idea that, at least in patients with sarcoidosis and hypersensitivity pneumonitis, bronchoalveolar lavage correctly samples the alveolitis. Discrepancies in patients with very high intensity alveolitis could be due to a more pronounced recirculation of lymphocytes from the parenchyma to the alveolar spaces. PMID- 3896083 TI - Training programs in respiratory disease and training programs in pediatric respiratory disease. PMID- 3896082 TI - Elastases and emphysema. Current assessment of the protease-antiprotease hypothesis. AB - Many studies have been carried out in the past 10 yr dealing with the possible role of elastase in the pathogenesis of pulmonary emphysema. These include newer observations in animal models revealing augmentation of elastase-induced lesions by lathyrogens or by exposure to cigarette smoke. In general, the animal model experiments have focussed attention on repair-processes in the lung and shown that such processes may exert a major influence on the outcome of the initial proteolytic insult. Human studies exploring correlations between elastase levels in neutrophils or serum and development of disease have provided conflicting data; however, measurement of enzymes in pulmonary secretions have yielded more suggestive results. Assessments of lung elastase inhibitors in humans continue to support the importance of alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor in the protection of the lower respiratory tract, but newer information on locally produced, low molecular weight elastase inhibitors indicates that these, too, may play a significant role. Attempts have been made to link cigarette smoking to the development of emphysema at the chemical and cellular levels. These studies have focussed on: (1) the recruitment of elastase-producing leukocytes to smokers' lungs, (2) inactivation of lung elastase-inhibitors by tobacco products or by metabolites released from tobacco-stimulated lung cells, and (3) interference with elastin neosynthesis (repair) in the smoker. Additional information is also available concerning the biochemical properties of neutrophil and macrophage elastases, although it is still unclear which of these enzymes plays the predominant role in chronic lung injury associated with smoking. Perhaps the greatest advance in the emphysema field in recent years involves new discoveries concerning the structure and function of the alpha-1-proteinase (elastase) inhibitor. Applications of recombinant DNA technology and genetic engineering have made it possible to design modified inhibitors with striking new properties. These agents may enjoy significant clinical application in the not too distant future. PMID- 3896084 TI - Diagnosis of intra-abdominal abscesses. A review. AB - Intra-abdominal abscess, resulting either from primary intraperitoneal disease or as a complication of surgery, remains a serious problem with high patient mortality if not treated early and adequately. The initial attempt at diagnosis rests on strong clinical evidence supported by nonspecific laboratory findings. The most helpful advance over conventional x-ray studies has been the advent of noninvasive imaging techniques such as ultrasonography or computed tomography. Radioisotopic scanning with gallium or indium makes possible a generalized survey of the peritoneal cavity, but only after a delay from the time of injection. Ultrasonography is somewhat limited in utility, particularly in the left subphrenic space, and CT scanning remains the technique with highest resolution. These noninvasive imaging techniques also have the potential for directed percutaneous catheter drainage. PMID- 3896085 TI - Adjuvant tamoxifen treatment of elderly women with stage II breast cancer. A double-blind comparison with placebo. AB - One hundred seventy elderly women with stage II breast cancer, stratified on the basis of the number of positive axillary nodes and estrogen receptor status, were randomly assigned to receive tamoxifen or placebo for 24 months in a prospective, double-blind, adjuvant trial. The median age was 71 years with a range from 65 to 84 years. The overall percentage of patients disease-free at 4 years was 76% for those given tamoxifen and 52% for those given placebo (p = 0.0004). Benefit was seen in all subgroups of patients treated with tamoxifen. Two years of tamoxifen therapy represents an effective postoperative adjuvant treatment for elderly women with stage II breast cancer, resulting in improved time to relapse, statistically fewer distant first recurrences, and minimal toxicity. No improvement in overall survival has been seen yet. PMID- 3896086 TI - Severe sinus node dysfunction in obstructive jaundice. PMID- 3896087 TI - The pacemaker syndrome. AB - The pacemaker syndrome is a complex of clinical signs and symptoms related to the adverse hemodynamic and electrophysiologic consequences of ventricular pacing in the absence of other causes. Neurologic symptoms or those suggesting low cardiac output or congestive heart failure, temporally related to the onset of ventricular pacing, are indicative of the pacemaker syndrome. The evolution of a clinically recognized syndrome, an analysis of possible mechanisms and clinical manifestations, and diagnostic approaches and their implications for management are discussed. PMID- 3896089 TI - Treatment of diffuse histiocytic lymphoma. PMID- 3896088 TI - The cult of the Swan-Ganz catheter. Overuse and abuse of pulmonary flow catheters. AB - The use of pulmonary artery flow-directed catheters has assumed epidemic proportions without clinical trials establishing improved outcome as a result of their use. During the past 10 years, however, it has become clear that improved outcome is found only in small groups of patients and that use of these catheters is associated with considerable risks of morbidity and mortality. A clinical trial is urgently needed to assess the balance between risks and benefits. While awaiting such trials, physicians should limit catheter use to circumstances in which there is a large probability that the data will result in more effective management; the measurements should only be used to answer specific questions about patient therapy. This situation will occur in a relatively small number of patients. PMID- 3896090 TI - Pre-exercise snacks in diabetes mellitus. PMID- 3896091 TI - Escherichia coli abscess as an adrenal mass. PMID- 3896092 TI - [Effects of amrinone administered orally and by injection in heart failure]. AB - Amrinone is a new positive inotropic agent available in oral and intravenous preparations. Twelve patients with Stage III cardiac failure of ischaemic (6 cases), myocardial (5 cases) or valvular (1 case) origin, were treated with oral amrinone. The protocol included a complete clinical, radiological and biochemical work-up, an exercise stress test, cardiac catheterisation and echocardiography before entering the trial. The patients underwent clinical examination, stress testing and echocardiography at the 4th, 8th and 12th week of treatment with 300 mg daily of amrinone. Two patients had to be withdrawn from the trial because of thrombocytopaenia; one patient deteriorated and eventually died of pulmonary embolism. There was a marked improvement in the 8 patients who achieved the trial, with an average gain of 40 watts on exercise testing, a mean reduction of 16 mm Hg in diastolic pulmonary pressures, and an increase of 11 p. 100 in EF and velocity of circumferential fibre shortening. Four additional patients were given intravenous amrinone (1 cc/kg relayed with an infusion of 1 ng/kg/min). Ventricular end-diastolic pressures fell by 9 mm Hg and cardiac index rose by 1.02 1/min/m2. Tolerance was good with no arrhythmic complications or significant variations in mean arterial pressure or heart rate. Although certain reserves have to be made with regards of tolerance of oral amrinone, the drug would seem to be useful and effective in the intravenous form. Further studies are under way. PMID- 3896093 TI - Molecular forms of cholecystokinin in the brain and the relationship to neuronal gastrins. PMID- 3896094 TI - Cholecystokinin in the nervous systems of invertebrates and protochordates. Immunohistochemical localization of a cholecystokinin-8-like substance in annelids and insects. PMID- 3896095 TI - Species differences in the response to cholecystokinin. PMID- 3896096 TI - The satiety effect of cholecystokinin. Recent progress and current problems. AB - Since the discovery of the satiety effect of CCK in 1973, progress has been made and problems have been encountered. The progress has included the accumulation of strong, indirect evidence that exogenous CCK acts in the abdomen to activate vagal afferent fibers and that exogenous CCK may be useful in the treatment of bulimia and obesity in humans. The most pressing problem is the current lack of evidence for the hypothesis that the satiety effect of exogenous CCK reveals a physiological function of endogenous CCK released by food entering the small intestine during a meal. Since clarification of this problem and exploitation of the current progress seem possible with current ideas and techniques, the satiety effect of CCK should continue to receive considerable experimental attention. PMID- 3896097 TI - Neuropharmacological profile of cholecystokinin-like peptides. PMID- 3896098 TI - Reduced cholecystokinin levels in cerebrospinal fluid of parkinsonian and schizophrenic patients. Effect of ceruletide in schizophrenia. PMID- 3896099 TI - The effects of cholecystokinin-like peptides in schizophrenics and normal human subjects. AB - Eight neuroleptic-resistant schizophrenic patients were treated with ceruletide, a cholecystokinin-like peptide, in a placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover study. Ceruletide or placebo was administered intramuscularly twice a day for 4 consecutive days while patients were maintained on a constant dose of fluphenazine. There were no changes in either the positive or negative symptoms of schizophrenia between the periods of placebo and ceruletide administration. To further characterize ceruletide actions we also administered it to seven normal volunteers and evaluated its effects on cognition and mood. Volunteers were administered ceruletide (0.3 micrograms/kg or 0.6 micrograms/kg) or saline placebo intramuscularly. Ceruletide had no effects on recent or remote memory or attention, but the higher dose did cause a significant increase in fatigue. These results suggest that although CCK-like peptides lack antipsychotic or cognitive effects they do induce mild sedation. This sedation may be part of a "satiety like" state induced by peripheral administration of CCK. PMID- 3896101 TI - Enzymatic degradation of cholecystokinin in the central nervous system. PMID- 3896100 TI - Cholecystokinin-mediated synaptic function and the treatment of neuropsychiatric disease. PMID- 3896102 TI - Annals index 1982/1983. PMID- 3896103 TI - Health aspects of biotechnology. PMID- 3896104 TI - Scala tympani measurement. AB - The length and cross-sectional height of the scala tympani are relevant to the design of cochlear implants. The lengths and heights of the scalae tympani in ten pairs of serially sectioned temporal bones were measured by an adaptation of the serial section method of cochlear reconstruction. The study found the middle segments of individual pairs of scalae tympani to be very similar in height, but each pair varied slightly from other pairs. The height decreased overall from the base to the apex, but there was a small expansion at the junction of the basal and middle turns where the interscalar septum originated. The theoretical relationships of different diameter electrodes to the organ of Corti were plotted for one cochlea. The size of the electrode and the path it followed were shown in theory to alter considerably its position in relation to the organ of Corti. PMID- 3896105 TI - [Icterus in a neonate disclosing an adrenal hematoma]. PMID- 3896106 TI - [Grawitz tumor in children and adolescents: clinical and radiologic characteristics. Apropos of 4 cases]. PMID- 3896107 TI - [Severe rheumatoid purpura. Histology of digestive manifestations and therapeutic trial using plasma exchange]. PMID- 3896108 TI - [Treatment of acute infantile diarrhea: controlled trial of Saccharomyces boulardii]. PMID- 3896109 TI - The calibration of total serum bilirubin assays. AB - Bilirubin assays yield variable results due to the lack of a universal calibrant. The preparation of a bilirubin calibrant is associated with the following problems: (a) only unconjugated bilirubin is available in a 'pure' form and this is of doubtful stability, (b) the test for its purity is arbitrary, (c) the true molar absorptivity of bilirubin is unknown, (d) due to the various specificities of methods, the calibrant has to be in a protein matrix, (e) the matrix alters the properties of bilirubin and (f) there is no definitive bilirubin assay. The use of a lyophilised human-based bilirubin calibrant should permit accurate standardisation of the method of Jendrassik and Grof and that of Hertz. PMID- 3896110 TI - [Value of peroperative ultrasonography in the surgery of hepatic metastases]. AB - 16 patients with hepatic metastases and 35 patients with a cancer of the gastrointestinal tract with no apparent metastases on the pre-operative survey were studied prospectively in order to compare the effectiveness of intra operative ultrasonography and other morphological examinations in the detection of tumour. In this study, the topographical precision of the various morphological examinations was also assessed. This precision is fundamental for modern surgery for hepatic metastases, as it allows limited anatomical resections which are associated with a decreased operative risk, while maintaining the same long term results as wide resections. PMID- 3896111 TI - [Urologic complication of renal transplantation. Importance of the length of the ureter]. AB - The authors report a series of 430 renal transplantations performed over five years. During this period, the surgical technique was modified to ureterovesical anastomosis. The urological complications--fistulae and stenosis--are discussed as a function of the site of the implantation, the position of the kidney, the type of anastomosis and the length of the ureter. The results show that transplantation in the iliac position gives rise to more complications than transplantation in the pelvic position. They also show that inversion of the superior pole of the kidney leads to a greater number of urological complications. In the series reported, ureterovesical anastomosis gave 6.7% of complications, against 12% for uretero-ureteral anastomosis, which also gave rise to a significantly larger number of fistulae. More detailed study of the series reveals a complication rate of 4.7% for ureterovesical anastomosis (out of 224 patients) against 4% for uretero-ureteral anastomosis, when the ureter was short (in both series). The dominant factor is therefore the length of the ureter; the longer it is, the greater the number of urological complications. PMID- 3896112 TI - [Urologic complications in adult kidney recipients]. AB - In this article, the authors study the complications following all the kidney transplantations performed in their hospital between 1969 and 1980. During this period, 580 patients underwent 637 transplantations, including 120 (19%) with urological complications: urinary fistulae (49%), stenoses (28%), vesicorenal refluxes (13%), and calculi (10%). The postoperative mortality rate was 2.7%. Some patients presented with two or more complications. The circumstances of the discovery of the sequelae and the treatment prescribed are described in each case and a comparative study is made with other transplantation centers. PMID- 3896113 TI - [Pyeloplasty: Benessayag's contrivance]. PMID- 3896114 TI - [Restoration of urinary continuity in renal transplantation]. PMID- 3896115 TI - [Use of the receiver's own ureter, a remedial solution in lesions of the urinary tract, following renal transplantation]. AB - An analysis of eleven cases in a series of 274 kidney transplantations between 1976 and 1984 suggests that pyeloureteral anastomosis with the recipient's own ureter only involves a simple operation, that the nephrectomy of the overlying kidney would not seem indispensable, that the existence of major infectious lesions is a contra-indication, and that seven of the eleven grafts were still functional with a followup of five months to seven years. PMID- 3896116 TI - Genetic analysis of protein export in Escherichia coli K12. PMID- 3896117 TI - Eukaryotic protein synthesis. PMID- 3896118 TI - The application of neutron crystallography to the study of dynamic and and hydration properties of proteins. PMID- 3896119 TI - Cell adhesion and the molecular processes of morphogenesis. PMID- 3896120 TI - Mechanism and control of transcription initiation in prokaryotes. PMID- 3896121 TI - Thioredoxin. PMID- 3896122 TI - Molecular biology and genetics of tubulin. PMID- 3896123 TI - Inducible DNA repair systems. PMID- 3896124 TI - Time-resolved fluorescence of proteins. PMID- 3896125 TI - Vitamin K-dependent carboxylase. PMID- 3896126 TI - Protein carboxyl methyltransferases: two distinct classes of enzymes. PMID- 3896127 TI - Effects of site-specific amino acid modification on protein interactions and biological function. PMID- 3896128 TI - Assembly of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides. PMID- 3896129 TI - Human apolipoprotein molecular biology and genetic variation. PMID- 3896130 TI - Structural analysis of glycoconjugates by mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. PMID- 3896132 TI - [Isolation of protein hydrolysates by using immobilized bacterial peptide hydrolases]. AB - Preparation of medical protein hydrolysates with the use of complete hydrolysis of proteins by bacterial enzyme complexes, such as protosubtilin G10x and bacterial peptidase immobilized on aminosilylated alumina was shown to be possible. The activity, thermostability and substrate specificity of the heterogeneous biocatalysts were studied. The integral kinetics of the hydrolysis of sodium caseinate and peptides included in partial acid and enzymatic casein hydrolyzates and blood was investigated. The engineering approaches to mathematical simulation of the bioproteolysis kinetics and the results of their use in processing of the experimental data are discussed. PMID- 3896131 TI - The creatine-creatine phosphate energy shuttle. PMID- 3896133 TI - [Humanism of Soviet military medicine during World War II]. PMID- 3896134 TI - [Resistance to organic tin compounds mediated by plasmids of bacteria of Pseudomonas genus]. AB - Resistance to organic tin compounds of P. aeruginosa and E. coli carrying antibiotic resistance plasmids and to P. putida containing biodegradation plasmids was studied. It was shown that 5 resistance plasmids and the biodegradation CAM plasmid of Pseudomonas increased 3-4 times the strain resistance to triethylstannylsuccinylimide and triethylstannylmaleinimide. All these plasmids belong to the P-2 incompatibility group and also determine the bacterial resistance to potassium tellurite. Isolation and investigation of the mutant plasmids loosing simultaneously the capacity for determination of resistance to potassium tellurite and organic tin compounds suggest that resistance to these compounds in the investigated plasmids is determined by the same genetic system. PMID- 3896135 TI - [Present status of the treatment of urological infections]. PMID- 3896136 TI - Comparative pharmacokinetics of ceftazidime in fibrin clots and cardiac vegetations in rabbits with Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis. AB - The penetration of ceftazidime, administered in a dose of 100 mg/kg intramuscularly, into cardiac vegetations and subcutaneously implanted fibrin clots was compared in rabbits with experimental Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis. Significant pharmacokinetic differences between the time concentration curves for the two compartments were observed. Concentrations of ceftazidime in vegetations peaked at 30 min after dosing at a level slightly lower than that in plasma and thereafter declined in parallel with concentrations in plasma throughout the 8-h sampling period. Concentrations in fibrin clots increased more slowly than those in plasma and vegetations, reaching a maximum at 120 min. This was followed by a slow elimination phase yielding concentrations in excess of concurrent plasma and vegetation levels and a greater area under the curve. These features were observed for both large (2-ml volume) and small (0.1 ml volume) clots. Contrary to previous reports, these observations suggest that fibrin clots do not provide an accurate model for predicting antibiotic concentrations in cardiac vegetations produced in endocarditis and that concentrations of antimicrobial agents in vegetations can be predicted more accurately from concomitant plasma levels. PMID- 3896137 TI - Reverse inoculum effect in bactericidal activity and other variables affecting killing of group B streptococci by penicillin. AB - Variables of the effect of penicillin G on the numbers of viable group B streptococci in broth cultures were studied. One-fourth of the MIC was the lowest concentration that reduced the viable count compared with antibiotic-free controls. The rate of killing increased with the concentration of penicillin up to 4 X MIC, but no further. During the first 2 or 3 h, the bactericidal activity was more rapid than later on. The MIC and supraoptimal concentrations of penicillin killed an inoculum of 10(6) organisms more rapidly than an inoculum of 10(4) organisms. The MIC was not inoculum dependent. The reverse inoculum effect was revealed by the killing curves but not by the MBC. There were reproducible differences among strains as to the rate of killing by penicillin; these did not correlate with the rate of multiplication, which also varied among strains. Among the 11 strains tested, there were no tolerant ones. PMID- 3896138 TI - The potential use of liposome-mediated antiviral therapy. AB - The natural targeting of liposomes to cells of the reticuloendothelial system should be exploited to examine whether selective delivery of antiviral or immunomodulatory agents could be beneficial for the treatment of virus diseases. In this review we discuss the potential use of liposomes in the treatment of virus diseases, the targeting of liposome-encapsulated immunomodulators to macrophages in order to render these cells cytolytic for virus-infected cells, and the targeting of liposome-encapsulated antiviral drugs to macrophages to achieve direct suppression of virus replication with in these cells. PMID- 3896139 TI - Immobilized E. coli alkaline phosphatase. Its properties, stability, and utility in studying the dephosphorylation of proteins. AB - We have immobilized E. coli alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) by linking it covalently to sepharose 4B. This preparation has several advantages over the soluble enzyme. The immobilized enzyme is easily separable from other constituents in incubation mixtures. The immobilized enzyme can be reused repeatedly and is more stable than the soluble enzyme to heat treatment in the presence of 10 mM Mg2+. The insoluble and soluble phosphatases removed 75 and 77%, respectively, of the inorganic phosphorus from casein. The immobilized enzyme inactivated two enzymes believed to be active in the phosphorylated state, acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) by 39% and NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase by 89%. The utility of immobilized alkaline phosphatase for studying the phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of soluble or membrane-bound enzymes and proteins is discussed. PMID- 3896140 TI - Microbial incidence in upper respiratory tracts of workers in the paper industry. AB - The incidence of microbes in the nasal cavities of workers in three paper and board mills was investigated. A total of 234 persons exposed to microbial aerosols and splashes from paper machine wires and debarker drums formed the exposed group. The control group consisted of 294 workers from the dry working areas: the winding and packing sections. Chi-square analysis was used to test the differences in the frequency of microbial incidence and various symptoms between the exposed and control groups. The nasal cavities of many workers, particularly workers in the debarkers, proved to be contaminated by Klebsiella pneumoniae, other coliforms, yeasts, and molds; usually only one microbe was involved, but sometimes two or several species were found. Nasal bacteria and yeasts were largely derived from the mill and debarker air; the microbes in the air came mainly from process waters. Lack of association of nasopharyngeal symptoms with either exposure to aerosols or nasal microbial contamination was interpreted as an indication of host defenses that were adequate to protect workers from harmful microbial colonization in paper mill environments. PMID- 3896141 TI - Occurrence of Campylobacter jejuni and Giardia species in muskrat (Ondatra zibethica). AB - A total of 189 muskrat fecal samples were surveyed for Campylobacter and Giardia species. Campylobacter jejuni was recovered from 47.5% of these samples, and Giardia species were detected in 82.5%. These findings indicate that muskrat may be of importance to the health both of humans and of domestic animals. PMID- 3896142 TI - Enhanced chlorine resistance of tap water-adapted Legionella pneumophila as compared with agar medium-passaged strains. AB - Previous studies have shown that bacteria maintained in a low-nutrient "natural" environment such as swimming pool water are much more resistant to disinfection by various chemical agents than strains maintained on rich media. In the present study a comparison was made of the chlorine (Cl2) susceptibility of hot-water tank isolates of Legionella pneumophila maintained in tap water and strains passaged on either nonselective buffered charcoal-yeast extract or selective differential glycine-vancomycin-polymyxin agar medium. Our earlier work has shown that environmental and clinical isolates of L. pneumophila maintained on agar medium are much more resistant to Cl2 than coliforms are. Under the present experimental conditions (21 degrees C, pH 7.6 to 8.0, and 0.25 mg of free residual Cl2 per liter, we found the tap water-maintained L. pneumophila strains to be even more resistant than the agar-passaged isolates. Under these conditions, 99% kill of tap water-maintained strains of L. pneumophila was usually achieved within 60 to 90 min compared with 10 min for agar-passaged strains. Samples from plumbing fixtures in a hospital yielded legionellae which were "super"-chlorine resistant when assayed under natural conditions. After one agar passage their resistance dropped to levels of comparable strains which had not been previously exposed to additional chlorination. These studies more closely approximate natural conditions than our previous work and show that tap water-maintained L. pneumophila is even more resistant to Cl2 than its already resistant agar medium-passaged counterpart. PMID- 3896143 TI - Influence of salts and temperature on the transfer of mercury resistance from a marine pseudomonad to Escherichia coli. AB - Thirty-one strains of marine bacteria were examined for their ability to transfer mercury resistance to Escherichia coli in complex media; eight strains were able to transfer their resistance marker, with frequencies ranging from 10(-3) to 10( 8). Frequencies generally increased with the increase of the mating period. Additional mating experiments were carried out with one strain, belonging to the pseudomonads, to estimate the influence of temperature, salinity, and time on the conjugal transfer frequency of mercury resistance markers. The higher frequencies occurred at 30 degrees C, in a salt medium (37%), after 24 h of mating. PMID- 3896144 TI - Comparison of several control standard endotoxins to the National Reference Standard Endotoxin--an HIMA collaborative study. AB - A collaborative study, initiated under the auspices of the Health Industry Manufacturers Association (HIMA), was designed to establish the relationship of Escherichia coli O55:B5 endotoxin (the control standard endotoxin of HIMA and the Food and Drug Administration's Office of Medical Devices) to the U.S. National Reference Standard Endotoxin and to two internationally used control standard endotoxins. By using two Limulus amoebocyte lysate test systems, it was established that the E. coli O55:B5 endotoxin lot originally used by HIMA and the Office of Medical Devices to establish Limulus amoebocyte lysate release test criteria for pyrogen testing of medical devices contains approximately 4.5 endotoxin units (EU) per ng. Thus, the 1.0-ng/kg endotoxin dose limit currently established for medical devices is approximately the same as the 5.0-EU/kg endotoxin limit (on an activity basis) established by several other Food and Drug Administration agencies for human and animal parenteral drugs and biological products. PMID- 3896145 TI - Modulation of yeast plasma membrane composition of a yeast sterol auxotroph as a function of exogenous sterol. AB - Plasma membranes isolated from a yeast sterol auxotroph (RD5-R) grown on 1, 5, and 15 micrograms ml-1 exogenous concentrations of sterol showed no discontinuity in plots of steady-state fluorescence anisotropy. Liposomes constructed from phospholipid and sterol extracted from RD5-R grown on different sterols indicated that exogenously supplied sterol modulated cellular phospholipids such that lipid phase transitions were avoided. Liposomes derived from sterol and phospholipid extracted from the same culture exhibited no lipid-phase transitions. However, when phospholipid extracted from a culture grown on a specific sterol was mixed with sterol extracted from a heterologous culture grown on a different sterol to form liposomes, discontinuities were detected in the anisotropy measurements of the liposomes produced. Quantitative analyses revealed that the exogenously supplied sterol coordinately regulated specific phospholipid species, fatty acid composition, and sterol to phospholipid ratios in yeast auxotrophs. PMID- 3896146 TI - The lactose permease of Escherichia coli: evidence in favor of a dimer. AB - Lactose permease from Escherichia coli T 206 was purified in octyl-beta-D glucopyranoside (octyl-glucoside) according to Newman et al. [J. Biol. Chem. (1981) 256, 11804-11808]. In this detergent the protein has a very high tendency to aggregate nonspecifically. Therefore, exchange of octyl-glucoside was performed for another nonionic detergent, dodecyl octaethylene glycol monoether (C12E8), in which the protein is more stable. The amounts of bound C12E8 and phospholipids were measured using radioactive detergent and gas chromatography, respectively, and were found to be respectively 0.2 and 0.15 g/g protein. Analytical ultracentrifugation (sedimentation velocity and sedimentation equilibrium) and gel filtration (conventional and high performance liquid chromatography) experiments indicated that in this detergent the lactose permease existed mainly as a dimer. This result is at variance with the monomeric state of the protein reported by Wright et al. [FEBS Lett. (1983) 162, 11-15] in another nonionic detergent (dodecyl-o-beta-maltoside). We discuss the possible reason for this discrepancy and suggest that the dimeric state of association may well reflect the situation that prevails in the membrane. PMID- 3896147 TI - Effects of sinefungin on rRNA production and methylation in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - The antifungal agent, Sinefungin (SF), has been shown to be an inhibitor of transmethylation reactions. We report here the effects of SF on the production and methylation of rRNA in the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Under conditions of SF treatment which have been shown to affect the regulation of cell proliferation in this yeast, pulse-chase labeling experiments using [methyl 3H]methionine and [3H]uracil indicated that methyl incorporation into rRNA during a short labeling period was inhibited, and stable 18 S rRNA production was differentially decreased. Other experiments quantitating modified nucleotides in newly produced rRNA showed that stable molecules were methylated. Taken together, these results suggest that SF slows methylation of rRNA, and is associated with differential loss of undermethylated 18 S rRNA species. PMID- 3896148 TI - Chorismate mutase-prephenate dehydrogenase from Escherichia coli: cooperative effects and inhibition by L-tyrosine. AB - The effects of a variety of structural analogs of L-tyrosine on the mutase and dehydrogenase activities of hydroxyphenylpyruvate synthase have been investigated. From these studies it is concluded that the alpha-NH3+ alpha-COO-, and the 4-OH groups are essential for binding of L-tyrosine as an inhibitor of the dehydrogenase and that the L configuration is also essential. Dixon plots for inhibition of the dehydrogenase activity by some of these analogs were nonlinear and could be described by a velocity equation that is the ratio of quadratic polynomials (a 2/1 function). Dixon plots for inhibition of the mutase by prephenate at low concentrations of chorismate could also be described by a 2/1 function, but at low concentrations of prephenate chorismate acts as an apparent hyperbolic activator of the dehydrogenase activity. Up to concentrations of 300 microM, L-tyrosine activates the mutase but acts as a potent inhibitor of the dehydrogenase. Such data for the dehydrogenase could not be described by a 2/1 function in 1/[prephenate] but could be fitted to the Hill equation with increasing concentrations of L-tyrosine in the presence of 1.0 mM NAD yielding increasing values for the Hill number (n): in the absence of L-tyrosine, n = 1.6 +/- 0.1; at 150 microM L-tyrosine, n = 2.1 +/- 0.1; at 300 microM L-tyrosine, n = 2.3 +/- 0.4. L-Tyrosine bears a close structural resemblance to both prephenate and hydroxyphenylpyruvate, and evidence is presented which is consistent with L tyrosine acting as a competitive inhibitor with respect to prephenate of the dehydrogenase. PMID- 3896149 TI - Identification of link proteins and a 116,000-Dalton matrix protein in canine meniscus. AB - The menisci are collagen-rich, fibrocartilagenous structures which are important in protecting the articular cartilage of the knee from some of the impact of weight-bearing. Meniscal proteoglycans have been studied in several mammalian species, including the dog, but very little is known about the noncollagenous proteins of the menisci. In the present study, 4 M guanidinium chloride extracts of meniscal cartilage from normal adult mongrel dogs were studied, and several noncollagenous proteins, including the link proteins and a 116,000-Da subunit protein, which we have recently described in articular cartilage, were found in meniscal cartilage. The 116,000-Da subunit protein represents 3.8% of the total protein extracted from meniscal cartilage. The link proteins sedimented in the bottom of an associative cesium chloride density gradient, where high-buoyant density proteoglycans sediment. PMID- 3896150 TI - The size and heterogeneity of the messenger RNA associated with 70 S monosomes from down-shifted Escherichia coli. AB - After an energy source shift-down, Escherichia coli accumulates 70 S ribosome mRNA complexes ("70 S monosomes"). The monosome mRNA strands are predominantly primary transcription products with purine nucleoside 5'-triphosphate and 5' diphosphate termini present at a 1:2 ratio. The number-average chain length is 564 +/- 30 nucleotides, indicating that the population represents primarily monocistronic mRNAs. Digestions with endonucleases and exonucleases indicate that the ribosomes lie near the 5' ends of the mRNA strands and that the majority of the mRNA strands contain 5'-proximal "leader" sequences (average 10 nucleotides) outside the protective boundary of the ribosome. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that the increased functional stability of mRNA in down-shifted cells may result from protection by bound ribosomes of endonuclease-susceptible site(s) near the 5' ends of the mRNA strands. PMID- 3896151 TI - Structural analyses of various Cu2+, Zn2+-superoxide dismutases by differential scanning calorimetry and Raman spectroscopy. AB - The thermal denaturation profile of the Cu2+, Zn2+ metalloenzyme, bovine superoxide dismutase, consists of two primary components, the major component denatures irreversibly at Tm = 104 degrees C with a total enthalpy (delta Hcal) of 7.30 cal/g. Reduction of Cu(II) to Cu(I) with potassium ferrocyanide lowers Tm to 96 degrees C and delta Hcal to 6.96 cal/g. The apo-form of bovine superoxide dismutase (both Cu and Zn removed) denatures at 60 degrees C with an enthalpy only one-half that of the holo-form. The reduced thermal stability, which indicates a greater ability to change conformation, may explain the previously observed much greater membrane binding of the apo-enzyme. Reconstitution with Zn2+, Cu2+, or Zn2+ and Cu2+ raises Tm to 80, 89, or 102 degrees C, respectively, with corresponding increases in the enthalpy. Thus, the metal ions considerably stabilize the enzyme and must somewhat affect conformation. The effect of Cu2+ alone is greater than that of Zn2+, although both are needed for full stability. Raman spectroscopy indicates little difference in secondary structure between the apo- and holo-forms, implying that the increased stability due to metal binding is not caused by an extreme structural reorganization. The value of Tm of canine and yeast superoxide dismutase is also lowered by reduction of Cu(II). The reduced form of the yeast enzyme denatures irreversibly, as do all forms of the bovine and canine enzymes, but the oxidized form is unique in that it denatures reversibly. Thus, the copper ion must be oxidized for renaturation and appears to act as a nucleation site. PMID- 3896152 TI - A new ganglioside in human meconium detected by antiserum against the human milk sialyloligosaccharide, LS-tetrasaccharide b. AB - Antibodies directed against human milk sialyloligosaccharides [D. F. Smith and V. Ginsburg (1980) J. Biol. Chem. 255, 55-59] are used to identify human meconium gangliosides by radioimmuneoverlay-thin-layer chromatography or by direct binding on nitrocellulose filters of sialyl[3H]oligosaccharide alditols obtained from gangliosides after ozonolysis and alkali-fragmentation. Thin-layer chromatograms of meconium monosialylgangliosides immunostained with rabbit antisera specific for LS-tetrasaccharide c (NeuAc alpha 2-6Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc beta 1-3Gal beta 1 4Glc) or LS-tetrasaccharide b (Gal beta 1-3[NeuAc alpha 2-6]GlcNAc beta 1-3Gal beta 1-4Glc) reveal their corresponding gangliosides, 6'-LM1 and a previously undescribed ceramide derivative of LS-tetrasaccharide b, respectively. The sialyl[3H]oligosaccharides derived from the monosialylganglioside fraction of meconium are separated by paper chromatography and assayed for binding to specific anti-sialyloligosaccharide sera. Antisera specific for LS tetrasaccharide c and 3'-sialyllactose (NeuAc alpha 2-3Gal beta 1-4Glc) identify their corresponding 3H-labeled haptens released from the major meconium gangliosides 6'-LM1 and GM3, respectively. Binding of a ganglioside-derived sialyl[3H]oligosaccharide by anti-LS-tetrasaccharide b serum is consistent with the presence in meconium of a monosialylganglioside with the following proposed structure: (formula; see text) PMID- 3896153 TI - [Subrenal capsule assay, a new sensitivity test for antitumor agents]. AB - The subrenal capsule assay (SRCA) has been developed by Bogden. This simple method using fresh human tumor has much more approximation with clinical procedure than other sensitivity tests. Even from our as yet limited small experiences, its high evaluability and high specificity are promising. Problems inherent to the actual assay and its limitations were reviewed and discussed, including our trial with bone marrow puncture specimens of leukemia, our evaluation criteria and assay-clinical correlations. This method will be widely utilized in several fields of cancer treatment in the near future. PMID- 3896154 TI - [Phase II studies of interferon alpha-2 Sch 30500 in advanced gastrointestinal carcinoma]. AB - Eighteen patients with advanced metastatic gastrointestinal cancer (stomach cancer 7, liver cancer 9, pancreas cancer 2) were treated with human recombinant interferon alpha-2 at doses of 3.0 X 10(6)-10.0 X 10(6) IU/body i.m. daily or every second day, 30 X 10(6) IU/body for five consecutive days every four weeks, or 30 X 10(6) IU/body once weekly. No tumor response was demonstrated in any of our cases. Among fifteen evaluable cases, nine had stabilization of evaluable disease at four weeks, but six showed progressive disease. On the other hand, fever, chills, fatigue, anorexia, nausea and vomiting were pronounced. In two cases, CNS toxicities developed. In some instances, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, decrease of hemoglobin content and elevation of transaminase were observed. According to these findings, single use of recombinant interferon alpha-2 at the dose schedule outlined above does not seem to be of use for the treatment of advanced gastrointestinal cancer. PMID- 3896155 TI - [Effect of cisplatin (CDDP) against peritonitis carcinomatosa in nude mice inoculated intraperitoneally with human gastric cancer]. AB - Development of effective chemotherapy for patients with peritonitis carcinomatosa is considered to be very important in cancer management. In this study, intraperitoneal injection (ip) of cisdichlorodiammineplatinum (II) (CDDP, cisplatin) together with subcutaneous injection (sc) of sodium thiosulfate (STS), abbreviated as 2-channel chemotherapy, were discussed with regard to its safety and efficacy on peritonitis carcinomatosa using nude mice inoculated intraperitoneally with SCK-8 tumor cells derived from human gastric cancer. A single ip lethal dose (16 mg/kg) of CDDP reproducibly caused weight loss in nude mice and killed 100% of the nude mice by day 5 after injection. However, sc of STS (1,200 mg/kg) protected nude mice against a lethal dose of CDDP, and reduced CDDP-induced weight loss. Two-channel chemotherapy (CDDP 16 mg/kg ip + STS 1200 mg/kg sc) using nude mice with advanced peritonitis carcinomatosa produced a 45% increase of life span with a survival of 74.6 +/- 6.2 days (n = 8), compared with control nude mice with peritonitis carcinomatosa surviving 51.5 +/- 13.3 days (n = 11). Therefore, it is conceivable that 2-channel chemotherapy can be applied to the management of cancer patients with peritonitis carcinomatosa. PMID- 3896156 TI - [Recombinant interferon alpha-2 (Sch 30500) in patients with head and neck cancer]. AB - Fifteen patients with advanced recurrent or metastatic carcinoma of the head and neck were treated with recombinant interferon alpha-2. Cumulative doses for evaluation of at least 1.2 X 10(8) IU were given over a period of 4 weeks. No significant regression was shown in 14 evaluable patients, 6 of which showed no change and 8 progression. Toxicities were minimum and acceptable. All patients had an episode of elevated body temperature. One patient showed transient effects on the central nervous system, which may be a dose-limiting factor. Recombinant interferon alpha-2 was therefore not recommended as a modality for the treatment of recurrent head and neck cancer. PMID- 3896158 TI - Symmetrical peripheral gangrene and disseminated intravascular coagulation. AB - Symmetrical peripheral gangrene (SPG) is a rare syndrome associated with a multitude of underlying medical problems. We are adding three cases of SPG to the medical literature, all of which had disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Each had an underlying illness that, to our knowledge, has not been previously associated with SPG: Hodgkin's lymphoma, Escherichia coli urinary tract infection with septicemia, and polymyalgia rheumatica. Review of the medical literature shows a high association between SPG and DIC. Symmetrical peripheral gangrene should therefore be considered a cutaneous marker of DIC. Early recognition and treatment of the underlying medical problem and DIC could be lifesaving. PMID- 3896157 TI - [Clinical study of recombinant interferon alpha-2 (Sch 30500) in advanced gynecological cancers]. AB - Recombinant interferon alpha-2 (Sch 30500) was administered to 29 patients with advanced gynecological cancers (14 patients with cancer of the cervix, 8 with ovarian cancer, 4 with uterine sarcoma, 2 with endometrial cancer and 1 with unclassified cancer). No antitumor effects (CR and PR) were noted in 23 evaluable patients. Side effects observed were fever, tachycardia, diarrhea, chills, general fatigue, anorexia, nausea and vomiting. In some patients, leukopenia, decrease of hemoglobin and elevation of SGOT and SGPT were observed. No production of antibody for Sch 30500 was noted. PMID- 3896159 TI - Fibronectin. Localization in normal human skin, granulation tissue, hypertrophic scar, mature scar, progressive systemic sclerotic skin, and other fibrosing dermatoses. AB - The histologic localization of fibronectin (FN) in normal human skin, granulation tissue, hypertrophic scar, mature scar, progressive systemic sclerotic skin, and tissue of other fibrotic disorders was investigated by an indirect immunofluorescence technique using specific antiserum prepared in rabbits against purified human plasma FN. In granulation tissue that developed just after traumatic wounding, FN seemed to increase remarkably in the wound as a fibrillar network. In the hypertrophic scar, one to five years after wounding, FN was detected in a linear or curling arrangement throughout the dermis. On the contrary, FN gradually decreased in the wound of the mature scar five to 20 years after wounding. There were some interesting observations among other diseases. In the skin of patients with progressive systemic sclerosis and morphea, FN was found to be localized faintly on the dermoepidermal junction and papillary dermis. In the involved skin of dermatofibroma, FN was observed in a curling arrangement throughout the dermis. PMID- 3896160 TI - James Spence Medallist, 1985. Neil Simson Gordon. PMID- 3896161 TI - A new set of instruments for sonographically controlled follicular puncture. AB - A new device for sonographically controlled follicular puncture was introduced which improves both safety and comfort during egg retrieval. A steering attachment developed especially for the transducer of the DIASONICS DS 1 sector scanner increased the precision of transabdominal-transvesical follicular puncture. The "two-instrument method" (aspiration needle gliding smoothly within a trocar) ensured highly reliable, continuous sonographic imaging of the aspiration needle as well as precise puncture without the procedure being hindered by tissue resistance. Sonographically controlled follicular puncture under epidural anesthesia reduces procedure-related risk and patient stress. PMID- 3896162 TI - Isolation and characterization of two membrane-associated placental tissue proteins. AB - Two membrane associated placental tissue proteins (PP4 and MP1) have been isolated and characterized. Both proteins are found in the soluble as well as solubilized protein fractions of the human placenta and thus appear to be at least partly associated with placental membranes. PP4 has a molecular weight of 35000 and apparently consists of a single peptide chain. It has an electrophoretic mobility in between the alpha 1- and alpha 2-globulins, an isoelectric point of 4.85 and a sedimentation coefficient of 3.3 S. The carbohydrate content of PP4 amounts to 2.4%. MP1 was isolated from placental protein fractions solubilized with Triton X-100. It has a molecular weight of around 18000 and appears to be composed of two identical subunits which are non covalently linked. MP1 was found to have an electrophoretic mobility in between the alpha 2- and beta 1-globulins, an isoelectric point of 4.75 and a sedimentation coefficient of 6.65 S. MP1 is a glycoprotein which contains 9.6% carbohydrates. Immunochemical methods were used to detect and quantitate PP4 and MP1 in extracts of placentae and other human tissues. MP1 appears to be specific to the placenta, whereas PP4 was found to occur also in certain other human tissues. The diagnostic significance of detection and measurement of these proteins in tissues and body fluids is presently under investigation. PMID- 3896163 TI - Isolation and characterization of four new placental tissue proteins (PP18, PP19, PP20, PP21). AB - Four new soluble placental tissue proteins (PP18, PP19, PP20, PP21) have been isolated to purity from saline extracts of human term placentas. Two of the new proteins appear to be partly associated with placental membranes; they also could be detected in placental protein fractions obtained by extracting the insoluble part of the placental tissue with solubilizing agents after the soluble material had been removed by washing with saline. The new placental proteins were characterized by their physical properties as well as by their carbohydrate and aminoacid compositions. Specific antisera to the new proteins were obtained by immunizing animals with the corresponding purified proteins. They were used to detect and quantitate the new proteins in extracts of placentas and other human tissues by immunochemical methods. From one human term placenta an average of 2 mg PP18, 90 mg PP19, 0.5 mg PP20, and around 7 mg PP21 could be extracted. None of these new proteins is specific to the placenta; they also were found to occur in extracts of certain other human tissues. The immunohistochemical localization of these proteins as well as measurement of their concentrations in body fluids by sensitive radioimmunoassays are presently under investigation. PMID- 3896164 TI - [Transrectal echography of the bladder: technic and indications]. PMID- 3896165 TI - [Lengthy persistence of a ureteral catheter in the excretory tract]. PMID- 3896166 TI - Pseudomonas arthritis treated with parenteral and intra-articular ceftazidime. AB - A 73-year-old diabetic presented with septic arthritis of the knee; Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated. She was successfully treated with a combination of parenteral and intra-articular ceftazidime, after failure to eradicate the organism with adequate serum levels of gentamicin and full doses of azlocillin. PMID- 3896168 TI - Different malaria control activities in an area of Liberia--effects on malariometric parameters. AB - The epidemiology of malaria was studied in a West African mining town (Yekepa) and three surrounding zones defined as Close, Middle and Far areas. Malariometric parameters were investigated in children two to nine years of age at the end of the rainy season. In Yekepa, vector control measures and intense suppression of malaria with drugs had created an almost hypoendemic situation with a spleen rate of 11%. In Close area, vector control was applied to some extent and malaria drugs were frequently used for treatment; the spleen rate was 40%. In Middle area, a mobile clinic provided sporadic malaria treatment to small children, but the clinic did not reach out to Far area. The spleen rates were 95 and 99%, respectively. Three species of Plasmodium were found in all areas. The prevalences in Far area were P. falciparum 82%, P. malariae 39% and P. ovale 9%. The crude parasite rates increased from 13% in Yekepa to 92% in Far area, whereas haematocrit levels decreased from 37.6 to 35.2, respectively. Plasmodium falciparum seropositivity, as measured by indirect immunofluorescence, was 74% in Yekepa and 99% in Middle and Far areas. Total IgG concentrations ranged from 18 g1(-1) in Yekepa to 33 g1(-1) in Far area. Three main anopheline species were found in the zones outside Yekepa. Their relative frequencies in Far area were Anopheles funestus 45%, A. hancocki 37%, and A. gambiae 18%. The local inoculation rates gradually increased outwards from Yekepa from less than 0.01 to 0.17 inoculations per man and night at the beginning of the dry season.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3896167 TI - Evaluation of an ELISA system for determination of class-specific antibodies to native and denatured DNA in man. AB - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) have been set up for determination of plasma IgG and IgM antibodies to native (n) and denatured (d) DNA. Normal male and female donors generally gave low values in the assays for IgG; IgM control values were higher, particularly in females. Mean values for patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were greatly raised in all four categories of assay in relation to the control (female) group. Levels of IgG anti-nDNA in SLE correlated well with a standard diagnostic test (Farr), and this ELISA assay was more successful than Farr in discriminating between patients and normal females. No such correlation with Farr was found for IgM anti-nDNA. Correlations were found in SLE between levels of antibodies to nDNA and dDNA. Inhibition tests- including those with a plasmid DNA preparation containing no single-stranded regions--showed that most of the IgG antibodies determined in the 'native' assay were able to bind to nDNA and dDNA with comparable avidity, whereas most of those reacting in the 'denatured' assay could only bind dDNA. The former antibodies were probably directed against shared determinants on the deoxyribose-phosphate backbone and the latter against base-dependent structures not exposed in nDNA. Inhibition results for IgM assays were similar, though the predominance of antibodies specific for dDNA appeared less marked. ELISA assays could well prove more useful than established methods in diagnosis and monitoring of SLE and other diseases. PMID- 3896170 TI - Toxoplasmosis in pigs in Cordoba, Spain. AB - A total of 303 pig sera were examined by the Indirect Fluorescence Antibody Test (IFAT), basic Direct Agglutination Test (AD) and Direct Agglutination Test with 2 mercaptoethanol (AD 2-ME). The percentages of positive sera were 32.0 with IFAT, 37.95 with AD and 32.34% with AD 2-ME. No relationship was evident between sex and the incidence of toxoplasmosis in pigs. There were no significant statistical differences between the IFAT and the AD 2-ME, hence both tests can be recommended equally for serological surveys of toxoplasmosis. PMID- 3896169 TI - Isozyme profiles of Trypanosoma cruzi stocks from Colombia and Ecuador. AB - A total of 74 of 82 domestic Rhodnius prolixus from the same locality in eastern Colombia were found to be infected with Trypanosoma cruzi or T. rangeli. One of three domestic Triatoma dimidiata from Ecuador also showed T. cruzi infection. A total of 59 T. cruzi stocks from these and five other localities in Colombia were isolated from man, marsupials and triatomine bugs. Cellulose-acetate electrophoresis of nine or ten enzymes characterized all T. cruzi stocks as zymodeme 1 (reference clone Silvio X10/1). Differences in electrophoretic patterns between the newly isolated stocks and the zymodeme 1 standard were seen with the enzymes G6PD and HK. These results are in agreement with the previously described geographical distribution of T. cruzi zymodemes. Stocks were isolated from both low and high altitudes and there was no evidence of adaptative significance of T. cruzi enzyme polymorphism. PMID- 3896171 TI - Circulating immune complexes in Fievre boutonneuse. AB - Circulating immune complexes (CIC) occurred in 36% of a group of 25 patients with Fievre boutonneuse. CIC were present only in the first week of the disease and there was no evidence of other humoral immunological abnormalities or alterations of the coagulation factors studied. The presence of CIC was not associated with a more severe clinical manifestation or with symptoms or tissue injuries. It is considered that CIC do not play a major role in Fievre boutonneuse. PMID- 3896172 TI - An improved method of assaying for human erythrocyte invasion by Plasmodium falciparum. PMID- 3896173 TI - The effect of surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass on alveolar-capillary barrier function in human beings. AB - We measured the rate of clearance of technetium 99m-labeled diethylenetriamine pentaacetate (99mTcDTPA) (molecular weight, 492 daltons) from the lung into the blood (T1/2LB) in 9 patients before and after operation with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Two hours postoperatively, T1/2LB fell from 49.3 +/- 13.6 minutes (mean +/- standard deviation) to 24.0 +/- 12.8 minutes (p less than 0.001). In addition, alveolar-arterial oxygen tension difference P(A-a)O2 had increased from 73 +/- 28 mm Hg to 164 +/- 37 mm Hg (p less than 0.001). The rates of clearance of 99mTcDTPA had returned to preoperative times by 7 days after operation, although there was still a significant (p less than 0.05) elevation in P(A-a)O2. Postoperative respiratory failure developed in 1 patient. The only abnormality of lung function detected preoperatively was an increased clearance rate for 99mTcDTPA (T1/2LB, 18 minutes). This study has shown an increased clearance from the lung of a low-molecular-weight molecule following operation with CPB. This finding should allow a more rational approach to elucidating the mechanisms of injury to the gas-blood interface in the lung following this type of operation. PMID- 3896174 TI - Surgical treatment for the type II and III truncus: complete division of the truncal root with primary repair using absorbable suture. AB - A simplified technique for repair of type II and III truncus arteriosus applicable in neonates is described. The method is particularly useful in those patients in whom the pulmonary artery orifices arise from the posterior wall of the truncal root. Advances in two-dimensional echocardiography have provided an accurate means of determining the exact anatomy preoperatively. At operation, isolation of the pulmonary orifices on a button of posterior truncal wall is accomplished by complete division of the main truncal root. Primary closure of the new ascending aorta is made possible by extensive mobilization of the aorta and pulmonary orifices. Early postoperative follow-up indicates that the use of a new absorbable suture for primary repair of the aortic root allows for normal growth. PMID- 3896175 TI - Interaction between non-steroidal antiinflammatory agents and sodium salicylate in the relaxant response of dog renal arteries to angiotensin II. AB - Angiotensin (ANG) II produced a slight, transient contraction followed by a moderate relaxation in dog renal artery strips precontracted with prostaglandin (PG) F2 alpha. Treatment with acetylsalicylic acid indomethacin, ibuprofen and sodium meclofenamate reduced the relaxant response to ANG II or reversed the relaxation to a contraction, but did not significantly alter the relaxant response to PGI2. The inhibitory potencies were in the order of meclofenamate greater than indomethacin greater than ibuprofen greater than acetylsalicylic acid. Sodium salicylate and gentisic acid, metabolites of acetylsalicylic acid, in concentrations up to 5 X 10(-4)M did not influence the ANG II-induced relaxation. Treatment with salicylate (5 X 10(-4)M) prevented the inhibitory effect of acetylsalicylic acid, indomethacin or meclofenamate, whereas combined treatment with salicylate and ibuprofen elicited an inhibition of ANG II-induced relaxations to a similar extent to that seen in preparations treated with ibuprofen alone. It appears that acetylsalicylic acid, indomethacin and meclofenamate share the same mechanism for inhibiting the cyclooxygenase activity, but the mechanism of inhibitory action of ibuprofen differs. PMID- 3896176 TI - An international trial of antihypertensive therapy in elderly patients. Objectives, protocol and organization. European Working Party on High Blood Pressure in the Elderly (EWPHE). PMID- 3896177 TI - Streptokinase. PMID- 3896178 TI - Selection of patients for intensive insulin therapy. PMID- 3896179 TI - Lack of efficacy of polysorbate 60 in the treatment of male pattern baldness. AB - Anecdotal reports have indicated that the nonionic detergent polysorbate 60 may be of some value in male pattern baldness. In this double-blind placebo controlled trial, a photographic and objective scalp measurement system was developed to assess new hair growth. No significant difference was detected between subjects treated for 16 weeks with polysorbate 60 and control subjects treated with glycerin, indicating that polysorbate 60 is ineffective. Of the 141 subjects who completed the trial, 25% perceived that they grew new hair, 67% said they did not, and 8% were uncertain. Subject-reported new hair growth did not correlate with measurements, indicating that the placebo effect may be a major factor in reports of baldness "cures". PMID- 3896180 TI - Disorders of gastric emptying in humans and the use of radionuclide techniques. AB - Associated with the development of methods to quantify gastric emptying, there has been an increased understanding of the physiology of gastric emptying in normal subjects and the pathophysiology and pharmacological treatment of gastric emptying disorders. The measurement of gastric emptying, using radionuclide labeled food markers and a scintillation camera, has widespread clinical and research applications. PMID- 3896181 TI - The development of allopurinol. PMID- 3896182 TI - Carcinoma of the thyroid with a mixed medullary, papillary, follicular, and undifferentiated pattern. AB - While papillary and follicular thyroid carcinomas are frequently mixed, this is a case of a medullary, papillary, follicular, and undifferentiated carcinoma of the same gland. In addition, all four tumor types were metastatic to regional lymph nodes. The patient described herein did not demonstrate features of the multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 syndrome. Immunoperoxidase staining for calcitonin and thyroglobulin was positive in the follicular and medullary areas of tumor. Because the embryologic origin of the thyroidal follicular cells is from the endoderm and the origin of the parafollicular cells of the medullary carcinoma is from the ectodermal neural crest, this case seems noteworthy for demonstrating mixed metastatic tumor of composite embryologic origin. Alternatively, this case may represent an extension of what has recently been termed differentiated thyroid carcinoma, intermediate type by Ljungberg and co-workers. PMID- 3896183 TI - Hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism. New associations. AB - Hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism occurred in a 49-year-old man with chronic endocrine and exocrine pancreatic insufficiency secondary to pancreatectomy and in a 64-year-old man with recurrent pancreatitis, exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, and prolonged magnesium deficiency. Hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism has never, to our knowledge, been reported in these clinical settings before and may be masked by the malabsorption of pancreatic insufficiency. PMID- 3896184 TI - Cough associated with the use of captopril. AB - Captopril is an orally active angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor that has been widely used in treating hypertension. We present a case of cough associated with captopril treatment in a patient with essential hypertension. PMID- 3896185 TI - Use of bronchodilator aerosols. AB - Despite initial fears associated with its safety, aerosol administration by metered dose inhaler (MDI) is rapidly becoming the preferred form of bronchodilator therapy, as it has a number of advantages over oral agents. To enhance aerosol delivery and bronchodilator response, several important steps in the optimal use of an MDI have been characterized. Because many physicians are unaware of the optimal technique in employing an MDI, it is not surprising that patients frequently receive little or no instructions in its use. Furthermore, patients who have received instruction display great difficulty in adhering to the steps in the ideal use of an MDI and frequently cannot coordinate MDI actuation with inspiration. A number of auxiliary delivery systems have recently been developed and show varying success in circumventing the problems involved in patient use of MDIs. PMID- 3896186 TI - Single-dose antibiotic treatment for uncomplicated urinary tract infections. Less for less? AB - Because of the many differences among studies of single-dose antimicrobial therapy for uncomplicated urinary tract infection in women, we reviewed the 14 randomized controlled trials on this subject. Twelve concluded that single-dose therapy was as effective as conventional multiple-dose therapy. Although the studies were carefully conducted, none both reported and ascertained in a blinded manner the incidence of adverse drug reactions. Also, no study included enough patients to prevent type II error. To circumvent the problem of having too few patients in each study, we used a rational strategy for pooling the data from the reviewed studies. Single-dose amoxicillin (3 g) was significantly less effective than conventional multidose therapy (69% vs 84%), while single-dose sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (two or three double-strength tablets) was indistinguishable from multidose, although there still were too few patients to exclude type II error. More research on this subject is needed with greater attention to sample size and blinded ascertainment of adverse reactions. PMID- 3896187 TI - Thymoma with immunodeficiency (Good's syndrome) associated with myasthenia gravis and benign IgG gammopathy. AB - We treated a case of thymoma with immunodeficiency (Good's syndrome) associated with a rare combination of other parathymic syndromes including myasthenia gravis, benign IgG lambda M component, pernicious anemia, and diabetes. The characterization of the patient's immunologic capacity disclosed practically normal T-cell number and mitogenic responses but impaired lymphokine production as well as B-cell function. PMID- 3896188 TI - Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis accompanying Legionnaires' disease. AB - A rapidly progressive, crescentic glomerulonephritis with acute oliguric renal failure occurred simultaneously with legionnaires' disease (LD) in a 52-year-old man. The diagnosis of LD was based on a sixfold rise in indirect fluorescent antibody titer against Legionella pneumophila serogroup 4. Treatment with erythromycin lactobionate resulted in a clinical resolution of pulmonary manifestations. The impairment of kidney function, however, was progressive and within two weeks led to end-stage renal failure requiring regular hemodialysis. This observation suggests that LD may trigger severe acute glomerulonephritis. PMID- 3896189 TI - Some experimental and methodological experiences on the selective inhibition of blood microcirculation in tumor tissues as the central mechanism of the cancer multistep therapy (CMT). AB - Microcirculation is a very sensitive process. Under hyperthermia and/or artificial tissue acidification bloodflow ceased regularly and reproducibly. This bloodflow inhibition imposes seemingly as a consequence of a progressing decrease of blood fluidity. However, blood flowing through irritated vessels is subjected to local heat and acidic milieu only for few seconds, whereas the vessels of the respective area are exposed to these conditions as long as they continue. Hence, it is important to look for lesions of the vessels, particularly for enhanced porosity.--Using light-conducting electrodes we have studied the perivascular glucose concentrations and the influence of oxygen deficiency on microvessels in vivo. In contrast to our expectation, we have failed to detect endothelial cell swelling. On the other hand, we could observe diminished blood fluidity under anaerobic conditions by use of a simple method with filterpaper strips.--In our tumor studies we achieved reproducibly microcirculation inhibition of about 95% in DS carcinosarcomas as compared to muscle by combining hyperglycemia with hyperthermia (100 min at 43 C degrees). Each of these measures applied alone resulted only exceptionally in an approximately comparable effect. For therapeutic purposes the combination of both seems to us the method of choice.- Controlled hypotension, which can be adjusted extremely well by NAD, caused blood flow inhibition selectively in the tumors.--The remarkable bloodflow inhibition in tumors is achievable in principle also in human tumors. PMID- 3896190 TI - [Possibilities of using monoclonal antibodies to CEA in scintigraphic diagnosis of tumors]. AB - Improved tumour localization by scintigraphy is the aim of application of radiolabelled antibodies in nuclear medical tumour diagnostics. Results from the literature until 1984 in the field of monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) against CEA are discussed in the following points: type and stability of the radiolabelling; accumulation and biologic activity of Mabs in the animal; distribution of Mabs in clinical application and possible injury for the patient; methods for increased accumulation in the tumor and improved tumour-imaging. Further work is needed in this field before introducing this method into the diagnostic routine. PMID- 3896191 TI - Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in pregnancy. Three cases and review of the literature. AB - The features of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma occurring in pregnancy were studied in three cases and reviewed in the 21 additional cases reported in the medical literature of the past 50 years. The inception and course of neoplasia in general appears to be affected by the hormonal and immune changes of pregnancy. Lymphomas occurring during this period are of high-grade malignancy and have a tendency to involve the organs most stimulated in pregnancy; breast, ovary, and uterus. The cell types are indicative of early stages of differentiation, and mediastinal location is more common. Despite the usually late diagnosis and the aggressive disease, the pregnancy can continue to term ending in the natural delivery of unaffected babies who remain healthy thereafter. The course of lymphoma, however, almost invariably accelerates post partum, particularly during lactation, resulting in the rapid deterioration and death of the mother. Results better than expected have been recently obtained with combination chemotherapy. PMID- 3896192 TI - Extracellular matrix in hepatic granulomas of mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni. Qualitative and quantitative analysis. AB - To investigate the role of extracellular matrix molecules in the granulomatous inflammation, cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni were injected subcutaneously into BALB/c mice. Well-organized granulomas consisting mainly of stimulated macrophages and epithelioid cells developed in the liver at 11 weeks after infection, thereafter showing a tendency to heal. Fibronectin and heparan sulfate proteoglycan deposition appeared around parasite eggs, then increased distinctly at 11 weeks after infection, and subsequently diminished. Quantities of glycosaminoglycans and hydroxyproline in the egg lesion increased significantly at 11 weeks after infection. Thereafter, the amounts of glycosaminoglycans decreased, whereas hydroxyproline content did not. The data suggest that fibronectin and other macromolecules interact to form granuloma extracellular matrix, and that these extracellular events participate in the development of granulomatous inflammation and subsequent fibrosis induced by schistosome eggs. PMID- 3896193 TI - Intracystic papillary carcinoma of the male breast. Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study. AB - We report a case of mammary intracystic papillary carcinoma occurring in a 75 year-old man. The tumor was present on the left pectoral area for five years. Grossly, the neoplasm was a cystic structure 10 cm in diameter, with multiple intramural filiform papillae and small foci of cyst wall invasion. By transmission electron microscopy the tumor cells had the normal complement of organelles and also multiple electron-dense, membrane-bound secretory granules. These granules were also demonstrated with multiple stains for argyrophilia and with periodic acid-Schiff. Immunoperoxidase stains were negative for neuron specific enolase, S100 protein, vasoactive intestinal peptide, corticotropin, calcitonin, lactalbumin, and bombesin, and positive for human heart factor (myoepithelial cells) and carcinoembryonic antigen. We believe that this rare neoplasm represents a variant of mammary adenocarcinoma and not a neuroendocrine (carcinoid) neoplasm. PMID- 3896194 TI - Immunologic studies documenting the development of mycosis fungoides following successful therapy of a large-cell lymphoma. AB - We describe a patient who developed mycosis fungoides, a T-cell neoplasm, two years following the chemotherapy and radiotherapy of a diffuse, large-cell ("histiocytic") lymphoma. Immunologic studies documented a "null-cell" phenotype for the large-cell lymphoma. Therefore, the proliferation of two distinct malignant lymphoid clones is believed to have developed in the patient. The value of immunologic marker studies in this case was to aid in the diagnosis of the two separate neoplasms, as well as to aid in the selection of appropriate specific therapy directed against each neoplasm. As the association of large-cell lymphoma and mycosis fungoides in one patient represents a very rare event, we discuss several hypotheses about the possible interrelation of the two neoplasms. PMID- 3896195 TI - Natural history of asymptomatic carotid plaque. AB - In April 1981, a total of 297 carotid arteries were examined prospectively. All patients were asymptomatic and were referred to the peripheral vascular laboratory at Good Samaritan Medical Center, Phoenix, for real-time B-mode ultrasonography. A measurement of luminal area stenosis was determined to be either greater or less than 75%. In addition, the ultrasound echo pattern was used to classify plaque as either calcified, dense, or soft. If, for any reason, the patient or physician felt that carotid endarterectomy should be performed, the patient was dropped from the study. In addition, the use of antiplatelet medication or anticoagulants constituted disqualification. Three groups of patients were observed for three years or until symptoms became apparent. Patients in all three groups with stenosis greater than 75% at the time of initial study were at greater risk than their peers without significant narrowing; however, even those patients with less than 75% stenosis were at greater risk if the associated plaque was less organized, ie, soft. A definite trend toward higher risk is seen in plaques of lower density. Only 10% of those patients with calcified plaque and a significantly stenotic vessel have developed symptoms. In contrast, only three patients of the original 42 with soft plaque and a tight stenosis are still being observed. This study appears to confirm that soft plaques have a greater tendency toward subintimal hemorrhage, ulceration, or primary embolization than more well-organized plaques. PMID- 3896196 TI - New concepts in severe presacral hemorrhage during proctectomy. AB - In the past, surgeons thought that severe presacral hemorrhage during proctectomy was caused by damage of the presacral venous plexus. By studying the anatomy and clinical data, we found that injury of the sacral basivertebral vein also caused this serious complication. Presacral hemorrhage is seen as massive bleeding from the distal pelvic surface of sacrum or from one to several large-caliber foramina of sacral basivertebral veins in that area. This type of presacral hemorrhage is more dangerous than that from simple injury of presacral venous plexus and sometimes it is fatal. We describe the anatomic features of the vertebral venous system and its close relationship with severe presacral hemorrhage. We also propose some new concepts about cause, hemostatic measures, and principles of prevention. PMID- 3896197 TI - Renal transplantation. A 20-year experience in a Veterans Administration Medical Center. AB - Between March 1963 and December 1983, 324 renal transplants were performed in 273 veteran patients at the Veterans Administration Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn. Cadaver donors were used in 273 transplants, with an overall one-year patient survival of 72.5% and one-year functional graft survival of 50%. Twenty-four living-related transplants were performed, with an overall one-year patient survival of 89% and one-year functional graft survival of 75%. For analytical purposes the 20-year transplant experience was divided into five eras. One-year patient survival increased from 45% in era 1 to 84% in era 5, while functional graft survival increased from 45% to 70%. Death has occurred in 139 patients, with sepsis being responsible for the largest number of early deaths. Cardiovascular disease was responsible for most late deaths. PMID- 3896198 TI - Acute upper airway obstruction in the postburn period. AB - Upper airway obstruction in the severely burned patient is a well-known problem that is due to mucosal edema secondary to the effects of toxic substances and heat on the laryngeal and tracheal mucosa. Herein, we report a different cause of airway obstruction seen in the late postburn period during the induction of anesthesia for reconstructive procedures. This obstruction is due to the presence of severe burn-scar contractures of the neck that prevent successful endotracheal intubation. We have seen this occur 17 times in 13 patients. All of the patients were successfully treated by an emergency neck release, after which most of the patients could be intubated and the release then skin grafted. Surgeons operating on patients with scar contractures of the neck should be aware of this condition and its appropriate treatment. PMID- 3896199 TI - Assessment of aortoiliac disease using hemodynamic measures. AB - To study the role of accurate hemodynamic assessment of aortoiliac disease, intra arterial pressure measurements of 100 aortoiliac segments were compared with Doppler velocity waveform analysis and contrast arteriography. By applying the statistic kappa, we assessed the degree of agreement among the three methods corrected for chance. The agreement between pressure measurements and contrast arteriography provided a kappa of 0.41, as did the agreement between pressure measurements and velocity waveform analysis. Our results indicate that contrast arteriography and Doppler studies underestimate hemodynamically significant aortoiliac disease. Since the correlation is so poor, it is essential to use intra-arterial pressure measurements in every patient who is a candidate for surgery. PMID- 3896200 TI - Combined cadaveric hepatic and renal organ procurement in infants. Technique for salvage of all organs. AB - The recent improved success with solid organ transplantation has made multiple organ procurement from single cadaveric donors a more frequent procedure. The techniques for team procurement have resulted in excellent posttransplant organ function with minimal organ waste. In 12% of the population the right hepatic artery arises from the superior mesenteric artery. When this occurs in an infant or small pediatric combined kidney-liver donor, the aorta is divided below the superior mesenteric artery. Our method salvages the kidneys from these donors for en bloc transplantation without jeopardizing the liver for transplant. PMID- 3896201 TI - Replication of rat coronavirus in a rat cell line, LBC. Brief report. AB - Rat coronavirus readily propagated and induced marked cytopathic effect in a rat cell line, LBC cell culture, which provided a sensitive, practical assay system for viral infectivity and neutralizing antibody, and a satisfactory source of the virus. PMID- 3896202 TI - [Localization of basal cell antigen in the epithelial tissues of animals and humans detected by means of natural antibodies]. AB - By means of the immunofluorescent method using rabbit serum that contains natural antibodies against the basal cell antigen of epidermis, the distribution of the antigen has been demonstrated in cells of the basal layer of all types of the stratified epithelium. The reaction is also noted in cytoplasm of the epithelial cells in the thymus and the tracheal mucous membrane. This demonstrates their histogenic affinity to stratified epithelii. The antigen studied is not species specific, since it is revealed in the stratified epithelium of all species examined (human being, mouse, rat, guinea pig, rabbit). It is possible to use the basal cell antigen as a marker for immunomorphological reveal of epithelial cells in the thymus in the process of its physiological and pathological involution. PMID- 3896203 TI - [Myoneural tissue]. PMID- 3896204 TI - An Easterner looks at Arizona health care. PMID- 3896205 TI - Synergistic influence of polypeptide growth factors on cultured human muscle. AB - In two- to five-week tissue cultures of biopsied adult human skeletal muscle, combined addition to the culture medium of insulin, fibroblast growth factor, and epidermal growth factor synergistically increased creatine kinase activity 17 fold, increased acetylcholine receptors tenfold, and accelerated muscle differentiation. This study provides the first demonstration of the beneficial influence of these peptides on human muscle. It also establishes a new culture medium, resulting in the following: (1) much better long-term growth and differentiation of biopsied adult human muscle; and (2) by allowing elimination of embryo extract and reduction of serum, an important step toward developing a fully defined medium for culturing biopsied adult human normal and pathologic muscle tissue. PMID- 3896206 TI - Vertebrobasilar insufficiency. A review. AB - After critically reviewing the last 50 years' literature pertaining to vertebrobasilar insufficiency, we reached the following conclusions: One can seldom accurately localize vascular pathologic lesions in the posterior circulation by clinical examination alone. The symptoms of vertebrobasilar insufficiency have multiple causes. Stenotic and occlusive lesions have been found at every level of the vertebrobasilar circulation. Currently, a complete investigation requires four-vessel cerebral angiography. No therapeutic modality, medical or surgical, has been proved unequivocably to be of benefit. New surgical approaches to the vertebrobasilar circulation that show promise in providing alternative methods of treatment have been developed. PMID- 3896207 TI - The inveterate paradox of dreaming. AB - The paradoxical aspects of dreams have always been interpreted according to prevalent ways of thinking. Dreams as premonitions of disease have been reported since the classical era, and hypnagogic hallucinations, so named by Alfred Maury and viewed as "psychosensory hallucinations" by Baillarger in the 1840s (extending the Kantian definition of the madman as a "waking dreamer"), have been reported since the Renaissance. Maury also linked dreams to a paradoxical "unconscious consciousness"; von Feuchtersleben linked dreaming to Gemeingefuhl or coenesthesis. PMID- 3896208 TI - Sarcoidosis and its neurological manifestations. AB - Neurosarcoidosis is a disorder that is difficult to diagnose and manage. We assessed its neurological manifestations in 649 patients seen at The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, from 1975 through 1980. Neurological problems could be attributed to neurosarcoidosis in 33 patients (5.1%). The presenting manifestation of sarcoidosis was neurological in 16 (48%) of them. Cranial neuropathy was the most frequent problem, and a peripheral facial nerve palsy was the single most common abnormality. Other manifestations were aseptic meningitis, hydrocephalus, parenchymatous disease of the central nervous system, peripheral neuropathy, and myopathy. Three-quarters of the patients were treated with steroids. The outcome was good in 27 (82%) of 33 episodes of neurological dysfunction in 25 patients with a well-documented clinical course. A thorough investigation of patients with suspected neurosarcoidosis is recommended to establish the diagnosis, delineate the extent of disease, and guide therapy. PMID- 3896209 TI - 'Spontaneous' Klebsiella pneumoniae septicemia with ocular and meningeal localizations. PMID- 3896210 TI - A new twist in nasal tip surgery. An alternative to the Goldman tip for the wide or bulbous lobule. AB - When the cartilaginous framework in the tip of the nose fails to provide adequate support and definition, the rhinoplastic surgeon must create strength and refinement. To achieve these results, we advocate a new twist of an old concept that can be used to create a stronger, more triangular lobule in the wide, bulbous, or bifid tip. Morselizing, incising, and suturing alar cartilages have long been recognized as adjunctive procedures in tip rhinoplasty; however, the specific method described herein can provide results comparable to the classic Goldman tip while guarding against the possibility of cartilage displacement and mucous membrane entrapment. PMID- 3896211 TI - Oral lichen planus and squamous carcinoma. Case report and update of the literature. AB - A case of squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue arose in the plaque form of oral lichen planus. The literature on lichen planus is reviewed with emphasis on the issue of malignant transformation. Squamous carcinoma develops in 0.3% to 3% of patients with oral lichen planus (range, 0% to 10%). The average age of individuals with this complication is 50 to 55 years; 50% to 60% are men. Forty four percent to 60% of patients have the erosive form of the disease, 28% to 34% plaque type, and 16% to 28% reticular. The mean interval from onset of the oral lesions to the development of cancer is nine to 12 years (range, three months to 40 years). Forty-six percent to 54% of the cancers occur on the buccal mucosa, 30% on the tongue, 16% on the lower lip, and 8% in miscellaneous sites. Twenty four percent to 50% of the individuals also have cutaneous lichen planus. PMID- 3896213 TI - Spectral distributions of dental colour-matching lamps. PMID- 3896212 TI - Metastatic carcinoma to the sphenoid sinus. Case report and review of the literature. AB - Metastatic carcinoma to the sphenoid sinus is a rare event. A case of metastatic adenocarcinoma from the prostate gland to the sphenoid sinus and diagnosed with the aid of immunoperoxidase staining is presented. A concurrent review of the literature uncovered only 17 previously reported cases of carcinoma metastatic to the sphenoid sinus. Among these cases, adenocarcinoma from the large bowel and prostate gland predominated. PMID- 3896214 TI - Good as a guinea. PMID- 3896215 TI - Insulin secretion and immuno-genetic markers in diabetics with 'secondary failure' of oral hypoglycemic agents. AB - 'Secondary failure' of oral hypoglycemics, in non-insulin dependent diabetics, has been attributed to dietary non-compliance, inadequate drug dosage, metabolic stress, or true drug failure. Progressive loss of beta cell function is a suggested mechanism for true drug failure but on the basis of little documented evidence. In view of this, we have measured basal and glucagon-stimulated C peptide levels, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) types, and islet cell antibodies in 20 non-insulin dependent diabetics with 'secondary failure' of oral agents. There were 16 females and four males with a mean ideal body weight of 1.30 units and mean duration of diabetes of 9.5 years. Fasting insulin (mean +/- SD: 15.1 +/- 10.6 mU/l) and fasting C-peptide (2.3 +/- 1.2 micrograms/l) were normal or slightly elevated in all but one patient. Mean C-peptide increased from 2.3 +/- 1.2 micrograms/l to 3.5 +/- 2.2 micrograms/l (152% over basal) 6 minutes after 1 mg i.v. glucagon. In 15 patients the C-peptide response was greater than 130% of basal. Islet cell cytoplasmic antibodies were detected in only two patients. The distribution of HLA types was not significantly different from a control population, with no increase in DR3 or DR4. Thus, absolute insulin deficiency is uncommon in non-insulin dependent diabetics with 'secondary failure' of oral hypoglycemic agents and such patients do not exhibit the immuno-genetic markers of insulin-dependent diabetes. PMID- 3896216 TI - Long-term monotherapy of angina pectoris with diltiazem. AB - Eighteen patients with exertional angina were treated with diltiazem (360 mg/day). Serial exercise testing was performed and the results were compared to evaluations when patients were receiving placebo at the initiation and termination of the study. Serial exercise tests indicated significant improvement in duration of exercise (+18%, p less than 0.001), time to 1 mm ST depression (+32%, p less than 0.005), and time to angina (+46%, p less than 0.001) when patients were receiving diltiazem. During diltiazem treatment, there was a significant reduction in myocardial oxygen demand as indicated by the change in submaximal pressure rate product. This may contribute to the beneficial effect of diltiazem in patients with exertional angina. The reduction in pressure rate product was due primarily to a change in heart rate. This study provides evidence that diltiazem is an effective long-term monotherapy for angina; no evidence of drug tachyphylaxis was apparent after a total of 16 months treatment with diltiazem. PMID- 3896217 TI - Evaluation of domiciliary treatment with terbutaline by wet nebulisation in patients with chronic bronchitis and emphysema. AB - Domiciliary treatment with terbutaline by wet nebulisation (5 mg, four times daily) was compared with placebo in a double-blind study over four consecutive periods, each of seven days duration, in eight patients with severe airflow limitation due to chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Lung function tests performed at the conclusion of each treatment period showed small but significant improvements in FEV1 before and after 500 micrograms of terbutaline by metered dose inhaler (MDI), with reductions in functional residual capacity and residual volume for terbutaline compared with placebo. Morning and evening peak expiratory flow rate recordings were greater and there was a significant reduction in the use of terbutaline by MDI during the terbutaline treatment. Three patients were unable to complete the placebo treatment because of excessive symptoms. Analysing all individual results, only one patient appeared not to benefit from nebulised terbutaline, while the preference rating for the other seven patients was significantly in favour of terbutaline. PMID- 3896218 TI - Lymphokines, monokines, and other cytokines. PMID- 3896219 TI - Comparison of immune response stimulated in sheep, rabbits and guinea pigs by the administration of multi-component clostridial vaccines. AB - Over 3 years, the immunogenic responses of various batches of multi-component clostridial vaccines in sheep, rabbits and guinea pigs were compared. Fully susceptible healthy sheep were found to be more suitable than rabbits or guinea pigs for testing the potency of multi-component clostridial vaccines containing Clostridium novyi type B, C. perfringens type D, C. septicum and C. tetani, and recommendations are made that sheep are the preferred species for testing the potency of clostridial vaccines. PMID- 3896220 TI - Immunogenic properties of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae administered separately and in combination to lactating cows. AB - Composite bacterins of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae, or either bacterin alone, were administered systemically to groups of lactating cows. The response to each bacterin was unaffected by the simultaneous administration of the antigens when assessed by comparing the antibody levels in milk by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. There was no evidence of cross reactivity of the antigens studied, nor immunopotentiation by either bacteria. PMID- 3896221 TI - Production of H2S by Escherichia coli isolated from poultry: an unusual character useful for epidemiology of colisepticemia. AB - Eleven isolates of H2S-producing Escherichia coli were recovered from necropsy materials of chickens with symptoms and lesions of colisepticemia on Saudi Arabian broiler farms. Results of 19 out of 20 biochemical reactions studied were typical for E. coli. Hydrogen sulfide production by the E. coli isolates was used as an epidemiological marker to pinpoint a breeding farm as the probable source of these strains, which were then transferred to progeny farms, where colisepticemia occurred. This finding was confirmed by the presence of the same antigenic structure (O78:H-) and by the same drug-resistance pattern (a multiple resistance to streptomycin, sulfathiazole, and tetracycline) in the isolates. PMID- 3896222 TI - Dual mycotic infection in a chicken. AB - A double mycotic infection, caused by Aspergillus fumigatus and a zygomycete-like organism, was histopathologically demonstrated in the lungs of a 12-week-old chicken. A. fumigatus was isolated, but the zygomycete was not. PMID- 3896223 TI - Partial protection against Marek's disease in chickens immunized with glycoproteins gB purified from turkey-herpesvirus-infected cells by affinity chromatography coupled with monoclonal antibodies. AB - Glycoproteins gB of Marek's disease virus (MDV) and herpesvirus of turkeys (HVT) related to virus neutralization were purified from HVT-infected cells by affinity chromatography. Immunization of chickens with purified glycoproteins gB resulted in partial protection against MD. Neutralizing antibodies were detected in chickens immunized with HVT-gB. PMID- 3896225 TI - Two hundred years of physicians in flight. PMID- 3896224 TI - Cholesterol, stress, lifestyle, and coronary heart disease. AB - Because of the recent report by the Lipid Research Group showing that a lowering of total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol lowered mortality due to coronary heart disease (CHD) and other similar studies, there can no longer be any doubt that cholesterol is a causal factor in the development of CHD. Since total serum cholesterol and LDL cholesterol are produced by the body, those interested in the prevention of CHD must give greater attention to factors which are associated with raised endogenous cholesterol. The major factors are increased dietary and body fat, emotional arousal, and the inability of the liver to clear the serum of low density lipoprotein. The beneficial effect of exercise on lowering one's risk of CHD reported in the literature may be mediated by a rise in HDL cholesterol and/or weight loss. All patients should have their total cholesterol/HDL measured. Those with elevated serum cholesterols should be encouraged to eat a low saturated low fat diet, exercise, maintain proper weight and avoid undue distress. Cigarette smoking should be discouraged. Blood pressure elevations not responsive to diet and exercise should be treated with medication. Cholesterol elevations not responsive to life style change, should be treated with Cholestyramine. PMID- 3896226 TI - Diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli in hospitalized children in Dhaka. AB - One hundred and four cases of acute diarrhoea upto the age of eight years and seventy four age and sex matched controls were studied to isolate enteropathogenic (EPEC), enterotoxigenic (ETEC), and enteroinvasive (EIEC) Escherichia coli. About 23% EPEC and 9% ETEC were isolated from diarrhoeal patients in contrast to 8% and 1% from control respectively. Among the twelve different serotypes of EPEC isolated, O2Oa O2Oc: K61 (33.3%) was the most predominant. No EIEC was isolated by sereny test. In 8 diarrhoeal cases, no other enteropathogen except EPEC was isolated. The study has highlighted the important role that enteropathogenic Esch. coli could play in causing endemic diarrhoea in Bangladesh. PMID- 3896227 TI - An evaluation of relaxation training in the treatment of tinnitus. PMID- 3896228 TI - Self-efficacy and health. PMID- 3896229 TI - [Embryonic mortality as a biological regulatory factor]. PMID- 3896230 TI - Protein phosphorylation in permeabilized pancreatic islet cells. AB - A system of digitonin-permeabilized islet cells was developed to characterize Ca2+- and calmodulin-dependent protein phosphorylation further and to determine whether activation of this membrane-bound process was sufficient for initiation of Ca2+-stimulated insulin secretion. The efficacy of digitonin in permeabilizing the plasma membrane was assessed by Trypan Blue exclusion, by extracellular leakage of lactate dehydrogenase, and by permeability to [gamma-32P]ATP. This treatment did not detectably alter the ultrastructure of the permeabilized cells. Digitonin was equally effective when presented to islet cells that had been previously dispersed or directly to intact isolated islets. The Ca2+- and calmodulin-dependent phosphorylation of endogenous membrane-bound substrates could be demonstrated in the permeabilized cells incubated with [gamma-32P]ATP. This activity displayed characteristics that were similar to those described for the protein kinase measured in subcellular fractions and was dependent on addition of exogenous calmodulin, indicating that calmodulin had been removed from the kinase by permeabilization of the cells. Ca2+-dependent insulin release by the digitonin-permeabilized islet was demonstrated, with half-maximal release occurring at 0.1 microM-free Ca2+ and maximal secretion at 0.2 microM-free Ca2+. Under these conditions, calmodulin did not further enhance insulin release, although a stimulatory effect of calmodulin was observed in the absence of free Ca2+. These studies indicate that the permeabilized-islet model will be useful in dissecting out the factors involved in Ca2+-activated insulin secretion. PMID- 3896231 TI - The effect of glucagon administration on protein synthesis in skeletal muscles, heart and liver in vivo. AB - Infusion of glucagon (0.5 mg/h per 100 g body wt.) into fed rats for 6 h inhibited protein synthesis in skeletal muscle, but not in heart. The order of sensitivity of three muscles was plantaris greater than gastrocnemius greater than soleus. Treatment with glucagon for periods of 1 h or less had no effect. Liver protein synthesis was inhibited by glucagon treatment for 10 min, but stimulated after 6 h. The effect of glucagon on muscle was not secondary to impaired food absorption or to depletion of amino acids by increased gluconeogenesis, since the inhibition of protein synthesis was observed in postabsorptive and amino acid-infused rats. The failure of glucagon to inhibit muscle protein synthesis after 1 h may have been caused by the increase in plasma insulin that occurred at this time, since an inhibition was detected in insulin treated diabetic rats. The lowest infusion rate that gave a significant decrease in muscle protein synthesis was 6 micrograms/h per 100 g body wt., despite a small increase in plasma insulin. This gave plasma glucagon concentrations in the high pathophysiological range, suggesting that glucagon may be significant in the pathogenesis of muscle wasting in metabolic stresses such as diabetes and starvation. PMID- 3896233 TI - The 95000-Mr gelatin-binding protein in human serum and plasma. AB - A gelatin-binding 95000-Mr protein was detected in human serum and plasma by immunoblotting using antibodies against the 95000-Mr gelatin-binding protein, a major secretory component of cultured adherent human monocyte/macrophages. Serum and plasma were prepared by incubating blood at 4, 22 or 37 degrees C for different periods of time, and gelatin-binding proteins were isolated from 200 microliter portions by gelatin-Sepharose affinity chromatography. The bound material was analysed by sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. In protein-stained gels, fibronectin and some minor polypeptides were seen, but not the 95000-Mr protein. In immunoblotting of identical serum samples the antibodies detected apparently two closely spaced polypeptide bands at Mr95000, and in plasma samples a single band at the position of the faster migrating one of the two above-mentioned bands. The immunoperoxidase reaction was stronger when serum and plasma were prepared by incubating for longer periods of time (up to 8 h) or at higher temperatures (up to 37 degrees C). In samples made from plasma, the immunoperoxidase reactions were weaker than in those from serum, indicating a lower quantity of the protein. The results suggest that the 95000-Mr protein is released from monocytes and granulocytes during the incubation of blood and, more likely, when they possibly interact with the blood clot and may become adherent. PMID- 3896232 TI - Insulin inhibits the cholera-toxin-catalysed ribosylation of a Mr-25000 protein in rat liver plasma membranes. AB - A method is described for preparing a plasma-membrane fraction from hepatocytes by a rapid, gentle, Percoll fractionation procedure. Cholera toxin elicited the ribosylation of a number of proteins in these membranes, including the components of the stimulatory guanine nucleotide regulatory protein, Ns. Insulin, however, inhibited the ability of cholera toxin to ribosylate a protein of Mr 25 000. The action was decreased in membranes from cells that had been pre-treated with glucagon. Ribosylation of both the components of Ns and the Mr-25 000 species occurred in whole cells treated with cholera toxin, because membranes from such treated cells exhibited decreased labelling when incubated with [32P]NAD+ and activated cholera toxin. The labelling of proteins, including the Mr-25 000 species, with [32P]NAD+ and cholera toxin in the plasma membranes was decreased by an inhibitor of ribosylation. Azido-GTP photoaffinity labelling identified several high-affinity GTP-binding proteins, including one of Mr 25 000. Cholera toxin failed to ribosylate the Mr-25 000 protein in membranes from cells that had been pre-treated with the tumour-promoting agent 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13 acetate (TPA). In membranes from such treated cells, insulin actually allowed cholera toxin to label this species. As TPA activates protein kinase C, it is possible that the Mr-25 000 protein, or a species that interacts with it, is a substrate for phosphorylation. These observations may offer an explanation for some of the perturbing effects that TPA exerts on insulin's action. It is suggested that the insulin receptor interacts with the guanine nucleotide regulatory protein system in the liver, and that the Mr-25 000 species may be a component of Nin, a specific guanine nucleotide regulatory protein that has been proposed to mediate certain of the actions of insulin on target cells [Houslay & Heyworth (1983) Trends Biochem. Sci. 8, 449-452]. PMID- 3896235 TI - Interaction of yeast glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase with diverse triazine dyes: a study by means of affinity partitioning. AB - The interaction of yeast glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase with 31 triazine dye stuffs was studied by means of affinity partitioning in an aqueous two-phase system using dye-liganded polyethyleneglycol and dextran as polymers. From the partition coefficients, K, of the enzyme in the presence and absence of the dye polymer the term delta log K was calculated which corresponds to the actual interaction of the enzyme with the dye molecule. Quantitative data concerning the maximum extraction power delta logmax as well as the affinity of the dyes to the enzyme (expressed as percentage of dye-liganded polymer in the system at 0.5 X delta log Kmax) were derived. The influence of several effectors of the enzyme on the partition revealed that NADP+ and NADPH act competitively for a large number of dyes investigated. PMID- 3896236 TI - Localization of prostatic basic protein ("probasin") in the rat prostates by use of monoclonal antibody. AB - Isolated nuclei of the rat prostates contain a unique androgen-dependent basic protein, "probasin". Despite that it was hardly detectable in the cytosol centrifugally prepared from the prostates, immunofluorescent histological analysis of whole tissues using monoclonal antibody, which was raised against probasin purified from the nuclei, revealed that probasin was abundantly localized in the lumen and acinal regions of the epithelium, but hardly in the nuclei. Previous extraction of secretory fluid from the prostates caused about 60% decrease in the probasin content of isolated nuclei. These suggest that probasin was originally a secretory component in the prostates, being redistributed from the secretory fluid and granule into nuclei during fractionation of subcellular components. PMID- 3896234 TI - The latency of rat liver microsomal protein disulphide-isomerase. AB - Protein disulphide-isomerase (PDI) activity was not detectable in freshly prepared rat liver microsomes (microsomal fraction), but became detectable after treatments that damage membrane integrity, e.g. sonication, detergent treatment or freezing and thawing. Maximum activity was detectable after sonication. Identical latency was observed in microsomes prepared by gel filtration and in those prepared by high-speed centrifugation. PDI activity was latent in all particulate subcellular fractions, but not latent in the high-speed supernatant. When all fractions were sonicated to expose total PDI activity, PDI was found at highest specific activity in the microsomal fraction and co-distributed with marker enzymes of the endoplasmic reticulum. Washing of microsomes under various conditions that removed peripheral proteins and, in some cases, bound ribosomes did not remove significant quantities of PDI, nor did it affect the latency of PDI activity. Treatment of microsomes with proteinases, under conditions where the permeability barrier of the microsomal vesicles was maintained intact, did not inactivate PDI significantly or affect its latency. PDI was very readily solubilized from microsomal vesicles by low concentrations of detergents, which removed only a fraction of the total microsomal protein. In all these respects, PDI resembled nucleoside diphosphatase, a marker peripheral protein of the luminal surface of the endoplasmic reticulum, and differed from NADPH: cytochrome c reductase, a marker integral protein exposed at the cytoplasmic surface of the membrane. The data are compatible with a model in which PDI is loosely associated with the luminal surface of the endoplasmic reticulum, a location consistent with the proposed physiological role of the enzyme as catalyst of formation of native disulphide bonds in nascent and newly synthesized secretory proteins. PMID- 3896237 TI - Insulin mediates the asynchronous accumulation of hepatic albumin and malic enzyme messenger RNAs. AB - We have compared the rate of accumulation of hepatic albumin and malic enzyme mRNAs following insulin treatment of diabetic rats to determine whether insulin coordinately increases mRNA levels or specifically induces the accumulation of individuals mRNAs. Initially, the quantities of both albumin and malic enzyme mRNAs are reduced in diabetic rats compared to normal rats as determined by RNA blot analysis using complementary DNA probes. Following insulin administration for 12 h, albumin and malic enzyme mRNA levels increase at similar rates. However, after 12 h the rate of malic enzyme mRNA accumulation increases dramatically while albumin mRNA continues to increase at its initial rate. This accelerated rate of accumulation of malic enzyme mRNA continued through 60 h of hormone treatment and was associated with the onset of hepatic lipogenesis. Thus, our results suggest that insulin regulates the accumulation of mRNAs encoding these two inducible proteins in an asynchronous manner directly related to the metabolic requirements of the animal. PMID- 3896238 TI - Purification and characterization of recombinant human interleukin-2 produced in Escherichia coli. AB - Recombinant human interleukin-2 (rIL-2) produced in Escherichia coli was purified to apparent homogeneity by cation exchange chromatography and reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography. The amino acid composition, amino terminal amino acid sequence, and carboxyl terminal amino acid were consistent with those deduced from the cDNA sequence. Besides the molecular species with the amino terminal Ala, the purified preparation contained another species having an additional Met residue at the amino terminus corresponding to the initiation codon AUG. The molar absorption coefficient of rIL-2 was determined to be 9.58 X 10(3) M-1 cm-1 at 280nm in water. Ultracentrifugal analyses revealed that it existed as a monomeric form in 0.1 M NaCl. The apparent sedimentation coefficient (S20,w) was calculated to be 1.8 S. PMID- 3896239 TI - Evaluation of recombinant DNA-directed E.coli produced alpha 1-antitrypsin as an anti-neutrophil elastase for potential use as replacement therapy of alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency. AB - alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1AT) deficiency is an inherited disorder almost always associated with the development of panacinar emphysema in the fourth to fifth decades. One source of alpha 1AT for chronic replacement therapy of such individuals is that produced by E.coli directed by a cDNA coding for the human alpha 1AT molecule. Using TG1(E.coli), an alpha 1AT molecule produced by E.coli transformed with the plasmid-expressing vector pTG922, the present study shows that recombinant DNA-directed E.coli-produced alpha 1AT is as an effective inhibitor of neutrophil elastase as alpha 1AT purified from plasma. Importantly, TG1(E.coli) inhibited human neutrophil elastase with an association rate constant of 1.3 +/- 0.4X10(7) M-1 sec-1, similar to that of normal plasma alpha 1AT (1.1 +/- 0.1, p greater than 0.2). Furthermore, when TG1(E.coli) was added to alpha 1AT-deficient plasma obtained from homozygous alpha 1AT type Z individuals, the TG1(E.coli) remained functional and augmented the anti-neutrophil elastase activity of the serum proportional to the amount of TG1(E.coli) added. These observations suggest that if sufficient amounts of recombinant DNA methodology produced alpha 1AT molecules could be safely delivered to the alveolar structures of alpha 1AT-deficient individuals, they would function to protect the alveolar walls from elastolytic attack. PMID- 3896240 TI - The influence of insulin on the flux of lipid metabolism in vivo. AB - The effects of insulin on the balance of lipid metabolism have been investigated by measuring the relative in vivo incorporation of 3H- and 14C-labelled glycerol into the major tissues and lipid classes of diabetic mice over a three day period. Several significant alterations in the relative uptake of label were caused by the insulin treatment. Generally, there were indications of decreased synthesis and degradation of lipids in most tissues, but with an increased synthesis of hepatic triacylglycerol being a notable exception to these trends. These data indicate that insulin treatment produces widespread changes in the relative emphasis of lipid metabolism, and allow a detailed description of these responses in relation to the individual tissues and lipid classes of the living animal. The implications of these metabolic changes have been discussed in relation to hormonal effects, and tissue specific and whole body aspects of the regulation of lipid metabolism. PMID- 3896241 TI - Multiple species of ornithine decarboxylase in mouse kidney. Effect of testosterone. AB - Multiple species of ornithine decarboxylase were separated by chromatography of mouse kidney extract on DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B. The elution patterns of ornithine decarboxylase activity and immunoreactive enzyme protein in the kidneys of untreated and testosterone-treated male mice did not differ otherwise than in order of magnitude. The immunoblots of the chromatography fractions neither revealed any differences in enzyme subunit size between two experimental groups. These findings suggest that the stabilization of ornithine decarboxylase by androgens is not due to the molecular changes of enzyme protein. PMID- 3896242 TI - Purification, carbohydrate composition and kinetic properties of the constitutive yeast acid phosphatase. AB - Constitutive acid phosphatase was purified from yeast cells grown in a medium supplied with 100 mM phosphate. Specific activity of the pure enzyme was 63.5 mumol/min X mg. The enzyme contains 42.5% of protein, 55% of mannose and 2.5% of N-acetylglucosamine. The carbohydrate chains are N-glycosidically linked to the protein. The pure enzyme shows non-linearity in the Lineweaver-Burk plot, thus indicating the presence of two enzyme forms with Km values of about 0.65 mM and 8.5 mM. The pH optimum of the enzyme is at pH 3.3. The enzyme is much more sensitive to heat denaturation than the repressible acid phosphatase. PMID- 3896243 TI - Biosynthesis of thiamin. The precursor of the five-carbon unit of the thiazole moiety. AB - The precursor of the thiazole moiety of thiamin in Candida utilis was identified. Radioactive C-2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 of glucose was incorporated into C-4', 4, 5, 5' and 5" of the thiazole. This experiment shows that the precursor of the five carbon unit of thiazole is a 5-carbon compound such as ribose or ribulose derived from glucose. PMID- 3896244 TI - Effects of 1,2-dibromoethane on glutathione metabolism in rat liver and kidney. AB - There are few reports of the effects of glutathione-depleting agents administered for periods longer than 24 hr on the turnover of glutathione (GSH) in mammalian tissues. Studies of such effects are important in relation to the protection of tissues from damage from, for example, reactive metabolites derived from xenobiotics. In the investigation described here, 1,2-dibromoethane dibromide)-a widely used insecticide, nematocide, fungicide and petrol additive, which is hepato- and nephrotoxic-was administered to rats and the effects on non-protein thiol contents and GSH-related enzyme activities were determined in liver and kidney. The classical GSH-depleter diethylmaleate was used in parallel studies for comparative purposes. PMID- 3896245 TI - Effects of debrisoquin on the excretion of catecholamine and octopamine metabolites in the rat and guinea pig. AB - The effects of debrisoquin, administered daily for 4 days to rats (40 mg/kg, i.p.) and guinea pigs (4 mg/kg, i.p.), were determined for urinary excretion of several acidic and neutral amine metabolites, including the norepinephrine metabolites, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenethylene glycol (MHPG) and vanillylmandelic acid (VMA), the dopamine metabolites, 3,4-dihydroxyphenethanol (DHPE), 3-methoxy 4-hydroxyphenethanol (MHPE), and homovanillic acid (HVA), and the octopamine metabolite, p-hydroxyphenylglycol (pHPG). The excretion of MHPG was reduced to 32% of control in rats and to 46% in guinea pigs, HVA was reduced to 64 and 80% in these two species, respectively, and MHPE was lowered to 59% of control in the rat but was not affected in the guinea pig. DHPE and pHPG were not altered significantly in either species. VMA was a minor metabolite in both species, being less than 6% of MHPG, and its formation was blocked only partially (rat) or not at all (guinea pig) by debrisoquin. The data refute the idea based on previous in vitro studies that VMA is a major metabolite of norepinephrine in the periphery of the guinea pig as it is in man. PMID- 3896246 TI - Mutagenicity studies on denzimol, a new anticonvulsant drug. AB - N-[beta-[4-(beta-Phenylethyl)phenyl]-beta-hydroxyethyl] imidazole hydrochloride (denzimol, Rec 15-1533), a new anticonvulsant drug, was tested using the Ames procedures with and without metabolic activation, on five strains of Salmonella tythimurium and using the host mediated assay with Schizosaccharomyces pombe as microorganism test. In both tests the drug did not show any mutagenic activity when compared with mutagenic standards. PMID- 3896247 TI - Proposed requirements for the Certificates of Clinical Competence. January 1985. PMID- 3896249 TI - Book publishing. Information explosion in the field brings question: is more better? PMID- 3896248 TI - Electric response audiometry. A long research road to a clinical goal. PMID- 3896250 TI - 1984 addendum index to Asha book and materials reviews. PMID- 3896251 TI - 1985 annual directory of speech-language product manufacturers/publishers. PMID- 3896253 TI - Some practical considerations in quantitative absorbance microspectrophotometry. Preparation techniques in DNA cytophotometry. AB - An experimental review of the Feulgen and gallocyanine-chrome-alum stains for quantitative cytophotometry of DNA in tissue sections yielded information on the preparation and staining of tissue for quantitative absorbance microspectrophotometry. (1) Tissues routinely fixed in formalin are suitable for either stain. Specimens fixed with glutaraldehyde-containing fixatives are not satisfactory for Feulgen staining, nor are ethanol-fixed specimens, unless they are post-fixed in formalin. (2) The pararosaniline dyes, used in the Feulgen stain, are sufficiently pure to use if a solution of the dye in ethanol shows an absorbance peak at 543 to 546 nm. (3) The Feulgen stain provides good reproducibility when the staining solution is adjusted to pH 1.5. (4) Gallocyanine is the best stain to use on Bouin-fixed or glutaraldehyde-fixed tissues. (5) Where fixation is an option, Carnoy and methanol-formalin-glacial acetic acid are excellent fixatives that can be followed by either stain. (6) Selection of the thickness of a tissue section involves a compromise. Requirements of minimum nuclear overlap and sharp focusing favor a section thickness of 4 micron to 6 micron. On the other hand, the requirement for full nuclear thickness, as judged by absorbance equivalent to that of a touch preparation, demands sections as thick as 8 micron in the case of mouse liver. Within this range, the optimum thickness, therefore, is determined by the particular tissue, the range of its nuclear sizes and its packing density. (7) The refractive index of the mounting medium should be closely matched to that of the background structure of the tissue sections. For animal tissues, we found that media with refractive indices of 1.54 to 1.56 are suitable. PMID- 3896252 TI - Reduction in tissue LDL accumulation during coronary artery regression in cynomolgus macaques. AB - The aim of this study was to determine whether the amount of LDL that had accumulated in the coronary arteries of cynomolgus monkeys during an 18-month period on a hypercholesterolemic (H) diet was reduced during subsequent periods of 6 and 12 months on a normolipemic (N) diet. This was performed by assessing the accumulation of LDL in the left anterior descending (LAD) branch of the left coronary artery within an area 4 mm from its origin, since this region contained the largest lesions in the LAD. LDL accumulation was estimated by measuring the percent cross-sectional area of artery occupied by reaction product depicting apo B by an immunoperoxidase procedure. The following reduction in mean (+/- SD) percent cross-sectional area occupied by reaction product was found in 8 animals on the progression diet (group I), 7 animals on the 6-month regression diet (group II), and 9 animals on the 12-month regression diet (group III), respectively: 21.7 +/- 4.7, 6.9 +/- 5.5, and 2.3 +/- 1.3. Differences between group I and either group II or III were statistically significant (using the Wilcoxon signed-ranks test). In group I, LDL was localized primarily in the necrotic core and around pools of foam cells. In groups II and III fewer foam cells and smaller pools of extracellular debris were qualitatively evident, and LDL was localized closer to the lumen and along collagen fibers. These results suggest that lowering of the plasma LDL level following termination of a hypercholesterolemic diet also induces a decrease in the LDL content in coronary artery lesions, even without significant reductions in lesion size, and that this decrease might be responsible for the decrease in foam cells. PMID- 3896254 TI - Nuclear DNA in histologic sections from squamous-cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the lung. AB - The nuclear DNA content in morphologically identified tumor cells was analyzed in 4-micron histologic sections from 58 patients with lung carcinoma who survived for at least five years. Thirty-three of the carcinomas were invasive squamous bronchial carcinomas and 25 were pulmonary adenocarcinomas. In all squamous carcinomas, the majority of tumor cells were found to exhibit DNA values exceeding the normal tetraploid and/or diploid region. In contrast, some of the pulmonary adenocarcinomas were found to be composed of a majority of tumor cells with DNA values in the normal diploid region. The results indicate that invasive squamous bronchial carcinomas, in general, are tumors with aneuploid DNA patterns indicative of a high malignant potential and that malignancy grading based on DNA measurements does not add any significant prognostic information to that obtained by morphologic diagnosis. PMID- 3896255 TI - DNA ploidy measurements in tissue sections. AB - Nuclear DNA ploidy measurements based on tissue sections, although technically tedious and time consuming, can provide useful diagnostic and prognostic information. Methods for minimizing distributional errors and optimizing interpretation of DNA histograms are presented, and the diagnostic and prognostic significance of DNA ploidy measurements in gynecologic cancer and its precursors is reviewed. PMID- 3896256 TI - Isolation of yeast ribosomal proteins L3 and L2 for immunological studies. AB - We report on a rapid method for the isolation and purification of the yeast ribosomal proteins L3 and L2 using a simple instrumentation. Preparative dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was applied to the separation of cytoplasmatic ribosomal proteins of the large subunit from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The polypeptides were removed from gel slices by electrophoretic elution. Subsequent analytical electrophoresis showed groups of proteins in all but two fractions. The latter were further analysed by a two dimensional gel electrophoresis system which disclosed the purity of two polypeptides. They were identified as L3 and L2. Their molecular masses were 51.5 and 44 kDa as estimated from the gels. A possible application to the isolation of other yeast ribosomal proteins is discussed. An antiserum against the polypeptide L3 was raised in a rabbit. Applying an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) we were able to determine the relative antibody concentration. Its specificity was demonstrated by immunoblotting. PMID- 3896257 TI - Teaching self care skills for migraine and tension headaches. PMID- 3896258 TI - Performance characteristics of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the determination of immunoglobulin M anti-Salmonella typhi lipopolysaccharide antibodies. AB - Some characteristics of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the determination of immunoglobulin M anti-Salmonella lipopolysaccharide antibodies have been assessed. Immunoglobulin M anti-lipopolysaccharide antibodies in serum samples from most patients with typhoid fever cross-reacted with S. typhimurium lipopolysaccharide. However, absorbance values with S. typhi lipopolysaccharide were always higher than with the heterologous antigens. Serum samples from two patients with S. paratyphi B infection failed to show significant immunoglobulin M binding to S. typhi lipopolysaccharide. Serum samples from six rheumatoid arthritis patients were negative in this immunoenzymatic assay with S. typhi or S. typhimurium lipopolysaccharide as coating antigen. Finally, interference by specific immunoglobulin G in the immunoglobulin M anti-S. typhi lipopolysaccharide antibodies determination was excluded. PMID- 3896259 TI - Group B streptococcal colonization among hospital personnel. PMID- 3896260 TI - A comparison of various media in the detection of Aeromonas spp. from stool samples. PMID- 3896261 TI - [Use of muramyl dipeptides in models of synthetic vaccines]. AB - Vaccination represents a great success in clinical immunology and new approaches for designing vaccines of the future are now available. Protective antigens could be obtained by recombinant DNA technology or by synthesis. These new immunogens are likely to be poor immunogens and require the use of carrier and adjuvants. Both carrier and adjuvant present some limitations. In this report we consider how synthetic glycopeptides analogous to muramyl dipeptide (MDP) can be used as adjuvants under suitable conditions and can also overcome some problems due to the carrier. Muramyl dipeptides and chiefly Murabutide (NAcMur-L-Ala-D-Gln-alpha n-butyl-ester) which is a derivative currently undergoing clinical trials can enhance the immune response to conventional purified vaccines. They can be also used in synthetic vaccines. In this case they are more active when covalently linked to the immunogen. Several examples of semisynthetic monovalent and polyvalent vaccines (Streptococcus, diphtheria toxin, Hepatitis B, Plasmodium) are described as well as totally synthetic vaccines (LH-RH, Foot-and-Mouth disease virus). They demonstrate that by using Murabutide biologically active antibodies can be produced under conditions applicable to human use. PMID- 3896262 TI - [Mutagenesis of efloxate tested in vitro and in vivo]. PMID- 3896263 TI - [Insulin secretion after a protein and lipid meal in healthy subjects]. AB - Previous studies suggested that insulin requirement in type I diabetics could be split in a "basal" insulin requirement, mainly related to body weight and in a "post-prandial" insulin requirement, mainly related to carbohydrates intake. In the present study we wanted to investigate the occurrence and the magnitude of insulin response to protein only or fat only meals in normal subjects, trying to obtain some evidences for an insulin requirement possibly related to these substrates in diabetic subjects. Fat only meals did not evoke any insulin response while a small but significant increase in plasma insulin was observed after a protein only meal (from 16.6 +/- 2.85 to 25.83 +/- 2.52 microU at 90', p less than 0.05). Blood glucose remained unchanged after fat or protein meals. It is concluded that a small sovrabasal insulin dose would be probably required by diabetic patients after a protein meal: this is however so small that a carbohydrates related insulin dose given before a normal mixed meal would be able to normalize aminoacids as well as glucose metabolism. PMID- 3896264 TI - [Evaluation of the inclination value in histological sections of formations that can be restructured into cylinders]. PMID- 3896265 TI - Some personal reflections on a half century of nutrition science: 1930s-1980s. PMID- 3896266 TI - Implementing nutrition programs: lessons from an unheeded literature. PMID- 3896267 TI - Dietary interactions involving the trace elements. PMID- 3896269 TI - Celiac disease. PMID- 3896268 TI - Effects of diet on lipoprotein metabolism. PMID- 3896270 TI - Body size and energy metabolism. PMID- 3896272 TI - Zinc and reproduction. PMID- 3896271 TI - Clinical manifestations of zinc deficiency. AB - The essentiality of zinc for humans was recognized in the early 1960s. The causes of zinc deficiency include malnutrition, alcoholism, malabsorption, extensive burns, chronic debilitating disorders, chronic renal diseases, following uses of certain drugs such as penicillamine for Wilson's disease and diuretics in some cases, and genetic disorders such as acrodermatitis enteropathica and sickle cell disease. In pregnancy and during periods of growth the requirement of zinc is increased. The clinical manifestations in severe cases of zinc deficiency include bullous-pustular dermatitis, alopecia, diarrhea, emotional disorder, weight loss, intercurrent infections, hypogonadism in males; it is fatal if unrecognized and untreated. A moderate deficiency of zinc is characterized by growth retardation and delayed puberty in adolescents, hypogonadism in males, rough skin, poor appetite, mental lethargy, delayed wound healing, taste abnormalities, and abnormal dark adaptation. In mild cases of zinc deficiency in human subjects, we have observed oligospermia, slight weight loss, and hyperammonemia. Zinc is a growth factor. Its deficiency adversely affects growth in many animal species and humans. Inasmuch as zinc is needed for protein and DNA synthesis and for cell division, it is believed that the growth effect of zinc is related to its effect on protein synthesis. Whether or not zinc is required for the metabolism of somatomedin needs to be investigated in the future. Testicular functions are affected adversely as a result of zinc deficiency in both humans and experimental animals. This effect of zinc is at the end organ level; the hypothalamic pituitary axis is intact in zinc-deficient subjects. Inasmuch as zinc is intimately involved in cell division, its deficiency may adversely affect testicular size and thus affect its functions. Zinc is required for the functions of several enzymes and whether or not it has an enzymatic role in steroidogenesis is not known at present. Thymopoeitin, a hormone needed for T-cell maturation, has also been shown to be zinc dependent. Zinc deficiency affects T-cell functions and chemotaxis adversely. Disorders of cell-mediated immune functions are commonly observed in patients with zinc deficiency. Zinc is beneficial for wound healing in zinc-deficient subjects. In certain zinc-deficient subjects, abnormal taste and abnormal dark adaptation have been noted to reverse with zinc supplementation. PMID- 3896273 TI - [Problems and limitations in diagnosis with computed tomography]. PMID- 3896274 TI - [Recent advance in diagnostic imaging: NMR]. AB - Application of NMR, whether in imaging or in spectroscopy, is evolving rapidly and its clinical feasibility is to be fully assessed. It is not clear if speculation today will hold true tomorrow, but here present status of NMR in medicine, especially in its roles in research of the central nervous system are discussed as follow; NMR imaging in brain tumors, cerebrovascular diseases, degenerative diseases, trauma, spinal cord diseases, Imaging by surface coil, Contrast material in NMR imaging, Blood flow measurement by NMR, Chemical shift imaging, Studies of metabolism by 31P NMR spectroscopy, Recent advances and possible future role of NMR in medicine. PMID- 3896275 TI - [Diagnosis of cerebrovascular diseases utilizing NMR imaging]. PMID- 3896276 TI - [Electrophysiological identification of neurons of the substantia innominata]. AB - Recently in senile dementia of Alzheimer type, neuronal loss of cholinergic neurons in the substantia innominata is described. However these findings are based on morphological studies and, so far, these neurons have not been identified physiologically. In this study we tried to record these neurons electrophysiologically by antidromic activation. Cats were anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital and paralyzed with gallamine triethiodide. Three arreys of 3 or 4 silver-ball stimulating electrodes were fixed to the surface of the cerebral cortex. Each electrode was stimulated by rectangular pulses of 1 msec duration. Recording electrodes were glass micropipettes filled with 2 M NaCl saturated with fast green FCF and inserted into the ipsilateral substantia innominata stereotaxically. Twenty-eight neurons were constituted of mainly negative component; suggesting that they were recorded from cell bodies, not from axons. Also they responded in an all-or-none manner and showed constant latencies when stimulus intensities were at threshold level. When paired stimuli were applied, the latency of the action potential to the second stimulus was equal to that of the first one. These neurons were, therefore, considered to be activated antidromically. These neurons had axons of very slow conduction velocities. They are divided into two groups according to conduction velocities. The first group had mean conduction velocity of 2.3 m/sec and they responded to rather high frequency stimuli. The second group had mean conduction velocity of 1.0 m/sec and neurons belonging to this group showed quite long refractory periods. Based on conduction velocity analysis, the former is thought to include neurons with myelinated axons and the latter those with unmyelinated ones.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3896277 TI - Captopril pharmacokinetics. PMID- 3896278 TI - Nicardipine hydrochloride in essential hypertension--a controlled study. AB - Fifty patients with mild essential (primary) hypertension entered a double-blind, parallel-group study with either nicardipine 30 mg three times daily or placebo, randomly assigned as monotherapy for 6 weeks. At the end of 6 weeks, the nicardipine-treated group had a statistically significant reduction in mean supine systolic/diastolic pressure of 21.2/15.0 mm Hg (P less than 0.001) compared with the nonsignificant reduction of 0.7/2.9 mm Hg in the placebo treated group. The difference in mean response between the nicardipine- and placebo-treated groups was significant (P less than 0.001). In the nicardipine treated group, the reduction in mean standing systolic/diastolic blood pressure, 17.9/13.8 mm Hg, was significant (P less than 0.001), whereas in the placebo treated group the change was +3.0/-1.5 mm Hg. The difference between the two treatment groups was significant (P less than 0.001). In both treatment groups, changes in pulse rate were minor, and there was no evidence of tachyphylaxis occurring with nicardipine. Adverse experiences were minor in all cases except for one patient with muscle pain during treatment with nicardipine. Patients who received nicardipine showed a mean increase of 52% in plasma renin activity (PRA) after 6 weeks (P less than 0.01). Initial basal or stimulated PRA did not correlate with blood pressure reduction on nicardipine. Nicardipine 30 mg three times daily is a well-tolerated and effective antihypertensive agent. PMID- 3896279 TI - Effect of nicardipine in elderly hypertensive patients. AB - The purpose of this study was to test tolerance and the antihypertensive effect of nicardipine, a new calcium antagonist, in 31 elderly patients aged 57-95 years. The study was conducted as a double-blind trial. The patients were allocated randomly to either active or placebo treatment. Sixteen patients were given 10-30 mg of nicardipine three times a day (mean dose, 69.4 mg per day); 15 other patients received a matching placebo. After 4 weeks, nicardipine lowered mean blood pressure, and the changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly greater in the nicardipine group than in the placebo group. Nicardipine was tolerated very well, and orthostatic hypotension was never observed. There was no change in heart rate. Plasma renin activity (PRA) was measured in eight patients. There was no correlation between PRA and the antihypertensive effect of nicardipine. A pharmacokinetic study performed in 15 elderly patients showed a fast rate of absorption and also higher plasma levels than those observed in hypertensive adults (mean age, 54 years). This trial demonstrates the effectiveness of nicardipine in elderly hypertensive patients. PMID- 3896280 TI - Anti-hypertensive dose-response effects of nicardipine in stable essential hypertension. AB - The dose-response effects of oral nicardipine on the systemic blood pressure were examined in 54 patients with uncomplicated essential hypertension (DBP greater than or equal to 100 mm Hg). The study was designed in four sequential stages. A 2 week single-blind placebo run-in period was followed by dose titration with nicardipine at 2 week intervals. Patients achieving the target DBP less than or equal to 95 mm Hg were then crossed over to placebo for 2 weeks, following which the previous dose of nicardipine was readministered for 6 weeks. Forty-eight patients completed the dose-titration phase. The target DBP 95 mm Hg was achieved in 33; in eight after 10 mg three times daily, in 21 after 20 mg three times daily, in three after 30 mg three times daily and in one after 40 mg three times daily. In the 48 patients, systolic blood pressure was reduced from 188 +/- 25 to 158 +/- 21 mm Hg (P less than 0.001) and diastolic blood pressure from 111 +/- 9 to 93 +/- 13 mm Hg (P less than 0.001); heart rate increased from 81 +/- 7 to 87 +/- 13 beats min-1 (P less than 0.01). Thirty-one of the 33 patients completed the crossover to placebo, which was accompanied by a significant increase towards pretreatment blood pressure levels. Reinstitution of nicardipine at the previous dose resulted in a reduction of SBP and DBP to levels not significantly different from those at the end of the dose-titration stage.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3896281 TI - Prevention of vasospastic angina with nicardipine. AB - Anti-ischaemic effects and safety of nicardipine were assessed in 14 patients with vasospastic angina using a placebo comparison, cross-over design study for 8 13 weeks. The average daily dose of nicardipine for optimal angina prevention was 84 mg (range 40-160 mg). Nicardipine administration, as compared with placebo, significantly reduced anginal frequency and nitroglycerin consumption during the single- and double-blind phases of the study. Nicardipine appears to be effective in the prevention of vasospastic angina and not to cause major adverse effects. PMID- 3896282 TI - Vasodilatory effect of nicardipine and verapamil in the forearm of hypertensive as compared with normotensive man. AB - The intent of this study was to determine whether or not increased calcium-influx mediated vasoconstriction is a primary pathogenetic disturbance in essential hypertension. Ten normotensive subjects (NT) (aged 45 +/- 12 years) and 23 patients with essential hypertension (EH) were studied. Twelve of the patients (aged 42 +/- 12 years) were classified as having mild EH and 11 patients (aged 49 +/- 11 years) as having moderate EH. Forearm blood flow and intra-arterial blood pressure were measured. Forearm vascular resistance (FVR) was calculated under basal conditions, during reperfusion following 10 min arterial occlusion, and after infusion into the brachial artery of sodium nitroprusside (0.15 and 0.6 microgram min-1 100 ml-1 tissue for 2 min each) and the calcium-influx inhibitors nicardipine (5 and 40 micrograms min-1 100 ml-1 tissue for 1 min each) and verapamil (80 micrograms min-1 100 ml-1 tissue for 1 min). FVR after 10 min arterial occlusion was lower in mild EH than in moderate EH and still lower in NT. FVR was comparable in the three groups following infusion of maximal doses of sodium nitroprusside, nicardipine, and verapamil. To allow for the vasodilator response to arterial occlusion, the decrease in FVR measured after each drug was divided by that obtained after arterial occlusion in each individual. The adjusted vasodilator response to nicardipine and verapamil, but not to sodium nitroprusside, was greater in moderate EH than in NT and mild EH. In the latter two groups the adjusted vasodilator responses were comparable.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3896283 TI - The effect of nicardipine on glucose and drug-stimulated insulin secretion in normal volunteers. AB - The effect of nicardipine on insulin secretion was examined in two double-blind, randomised, cross-over, placebo-controlled studies in normal volunteers. In the first study, the effect of acute dosing (via an intravenous infusion of 5 mg h-1 for 3 h) on the glucose, insulin, hormonal, and intermediary metabolite responses to an intravenous glucose tolerance test was determined in six healthy male volunteers. In the second study, the glucose, insulin, and C-peptide responses to intravenous tolbutamide (200 mg) was determined in another six male volunteers after oral dosing with nicardipine 30 mg three times daily for 1 week. A relative increase in insulin secretion was the principal finding of the first study. No other response was affected significantly. No significant differences between the nicardipine- and placebo-treated groups were noted in the insulin, glucose, and C peptide measurements of the second study. In conclusion, treatment with nicardipine does not appear to impair insulin secretion in response either to an intravenous glucose load or intravenously administered tolbutamide. PMID- 3896285 TI - Calcium channel blockers--are they diuretics? AB - Seven untreated patients with essential hypertension but without target organ damage were admitted to hospital. Urine was collected the following day from 08.00 to 13.00 h, 13.00 to 18.00 h, and 18.00 to 08.00 h. The protocol was repeated the next day following 30 mg oral nicardipine. Intra-arterial blood pressure (IABP), plasma volume, and plasma renin activity (PRA) also were measured daily. Following the single-dose study, the patients were treated as outpatients and received oral nicardipine 20, 30, or 40 mg four times daily. They were readmitted 2 months later for further study, at which time the protocol was repeated. Urine output between 08.00 and 13.00 h significantly increased after the single- and multiple-dose studies. Following the single-dose study, this diuresis was associated with a natriuresis. Urine output increased over the 24 h following multiple-dose treatment, but this increase was not statistically significant. During the multiple-dose 24 h study, there was an increase in urinary potassium (P less than 0.05). Mean IABP was reduced significantly after the single- and multiple-dose studies (P less than 0.02 and less than 0.05, respectively). During the study, there were no significant changes in plasma volume, weight, or plasma renin activity. PMID- 3896284 TI - Influence of nicardipine on blood pressure, renal function and plasma aldosterone in normotensive volunteers. AB - The influence of the calcium antagonist nicardipine on intrarenal sodium handling and angiotensin II induced secretion of aldosterone was investigated in 18 normotensive volunteers after the first dose and after 1 week of treatment (20 mg three times daily). A short-lasting natriuresis was observed, which was caused by a decreased reabsorption of sodium localised in both proximal and distal tubules. Log plasma renin activity (PRA) fell significantly on each day during angiotensin II infusion, while log-plasma aldosterone (PA) rose significantly. The log PRA/log PA ratio was increased during nicardipine treatment. The secretion of aldosterone, induced by angiotensin II, was not influenced by nicardipine treatment. No effect of the drug on adrenal responsiveness to angiotensin II was found. PMID- 3896286 TI - A comparison of naproxen and diclofenac sodium in the treatment of osteoarthritis in elderly patients. PMID- 3896287 TI - Natural immunity to tumours--theoretical predictions and biological observations. PMID- 3896288 TI - Objective evaluation of the role of vincristine in induction and maintenance therapy for myelomatosis. Medical Research Council Working Party on Leukaemia in Adults. AB - In the Medical Research Council's IVth trial in Myelomatosis the possible benefit of adding vincristine to first line treatment with intermittent melphalan and prednisone has been assessed. This was analysed in 530 patients who were randomly allocated to receive vincristine or not. Survival was not improved by the addition of vincristine. A total of 268 patients reached plateau phase on first line therapy. Of these 226 patients were rerandomised either to continue receiving first line therapy for a further year or to cease therapy. At the present time there is a slight but not significant survival advantage in the group which received no further treatment on reaching plateau. PMID- 3896289 TI - The value of immunocytochemical methods in the differential diagnosis of anaplastic thyroid tumours. AB - The practical usefulness of a panel of monoclonal antibodies recognising epithelial and lymphoid antigens has been evaluated on a series of 10 routinely processed thyroid tumours of uncertain origin. All 6 small cell tumours were shown to be of lymphoid origin whereas of the 4 large cell tumours two were lymphomas and two carcinomas. Two of the tumours, one large cell and one small cell, were undiagnosable due to technical reasons (crush artefact or small size of biopsy) and emphasized the value of immunohistology in this context. Clinical follow-up of all 10 cases indicated that these distinctions are of both prognostic and therapeutic value. It is concluded that immunocytochemistry using a carefully selected panel of monoclonal antibodies is a valuable and convenient means of making an objective distinction between anaplastic thyroid tumours of epithelial or lymphoid origin. PMID- 3896290 TI - Free intraglomerular malarial antigens. AB - Infection with Plasmodium berghei leads to a rapidly lethal disease in different strains of mice. Nude athymic mice are not able to produce circulating antibodies (IgG or IgM) against plasmodial antigens. Nevertheless, plasmodium-related antigens can be detected in the glomeruli of nude mice, in relation to the rising parasitaemia. This deposition is unrelated to the deposition of other immunoreactants (IgG, IgM or C3). The presence of the latter as well as the circulating auto-antibodies did not correlate with the intercurrent infection and control and experimental animals behaved likewise. These results indicate an intraglomerular localization of free malarial antigens. It is suggested that this may represent a basic mechanism for in situ formation of immune complexes in immunocompetent mice. PMID- 3896291 TI - Grain-fed pigeons revisited: a pioneer test for vitamin B12. PMID- 3896292 TI - Lipoid proteinosis: an inherited disorder of collagen metabolism? AB - The dermal collagen of a patient with lipoid proteinosis was investigated by immunohistochemistry and biochemical analysis. The affected skin was found to contain significantly less collagen per unit dry weight than normal dermis but showed elevated levels of type 3 collagen with respect to type I. Purification of collagen types from affected skin after pepsin digestion showed no novel forms, but a doubling in the yield of type 5 collagen. These results correlated well with those of immunohistochemistry which showed a patchy, diffuse, widely distributed type 3 collagen and an increase in types 4 and 5 collagens associated with 'onion skin' endothelial basement membrane thickening. Estimation of collagen cross-links showed an abnormal pattern with a preponderance of the keto imine form not normally associated with skin. These results strongly suggest that lipoid proteinosis involves a primary perturbation of collagen metabolism. PMID- 3896293 TI - The influence of corneocyte overlap on the measurement of stratum corneum cell layers. PMID- 3896294 TI - Platelet suppressive therapy in clinical medicine. PMID- 3896295 TI - Massive chemotherapy with autologous bone marrow transplantation in 50 cases of bad prognosis non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. AB - 50 cases of advanced, intermediate (18) and high grade (32) non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) including 16 with Burkitt lymphoma have been treated with very high dose chemotherapy and autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT). These cases represent a retrospective analysis of the combined experience of a recently established collaborative group. 31 patients were treated with a protocol used in Lyon, 12 with that used in Marseille and seven with that used in London. Although the details of drug administration differed, each protocol was based on high dose alkylating agent (cyclophosphamide or melphalan), BCNU and cytosine arabinoside. 16 patients had drug resistant progressive NHL. Of these 11 responded to high dose treatment (nine CR, two PR). The duration of CR in this group was short (median 104d) and only one patient was in CR at 1 year. 19 patients had relapsed on previous therapy but were still responding to conventional rescue therapy. Following high dose therapy 47% of these patients are in continuous CR with a median time of observation of 300 d (73-962 d). Seven patients were partial responders to conventional induction therapy. Of these, six had a CR with high dose treatment and are still in CR (range 39-1230 d, median 200 d). Eight patients received high dose therapy as intensification after a long delay to CR with conventional treatment. Of these, four are alive and in remission 124-763 d after treatment. The high dose protocols produced significant morbidity with 25 patients (50%) having major or minor treatment-related complications, and there were seven treatment related deaths (14%). However, these results indicate that durable responses can be obtained with high dose chemotherapy in patients who have been heavily treated and indicate a role for this type of treatment at an earlier stage in advanced non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. PMID- 3896296 TI - Cyclosporine and graft failure following bone marrow transplantation for severe aplastic anaemia. AB - Thirty-nine patients with severe aplastic anaemia were transplanted from HLA identical sibling donors. Irradiation was not used in the pre-transplant immunosuppressive protocol and cyclosporine was used as the post graft immunosuppressive agent. The incidence of primary graft failure (no take) was low occurring in 3/38 evaluable patients. Late graft failure 4-7.5 months post BMT occurred in five patients and was associated with withdrawal of cyclosporine therapy. Mixed lymphocyte chimaerism was demonstrated in 3/5 cases at the time of late graft failure and subsequent marrow recovery was autologous in four patients. Mortality from graft failure was low with 2/38 evaluable patients (5%) dying from this complication. PMID- 3896297 TI - Absence of ABH antigens on neutrophils. AB - Many investigators have concluded that polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN) express ABH antigens in parallel to red cells (RBC). We have examined human PMN for ABH antigens using human isoantibodies and mouse monoclonal antibodies with three highly sensitive and specific two-stage assay systems: fluorescence flow cytometry, immunofluorescence microscopy, and avidin-biotin immunoperoxidase microscopy. In all three assays the ABH antigens could not be detected on the surface of PMN. Previous reports alleging that ABH antigens occur on PMN probably represent false positive reactions due to inherent technical problems. PMID- 3896299 TI - Autografting for chronic granulocytic leukemia in accelerated phase. PMID- 3896298 TI - Serum crosslinked fibrin (XDP) and fibrinogen/fibrin degradation products (FDP) in disorders associated with activation of the coagulation or fibrinolytic systems. AB - Soluble crosslinked fibrin derivatives (XDP) in serum were determined by enzyme immunoassay utilizing monoclonal antibodies and compared with serum fibrinogen/fibrin degradation products (FDP) assayed by conventional techniques. In healthy subjects and patients with miscellaneous disorders not usually associated with activation of the haemostasis mechanism, mean XDP levels were 45 and 70 ng/ml respectively. However, elevated levels of XDP occurred in conditions commonly associated with intravascular and possibly extravascular activation of the coagulation system. Markedly raised mean XDP values (677-6900 ng/ml) occurred in treated pulmonary embolism, disseminated neoplasia, severe inflammatory disorders and complicated postoperative states, and lesser but significant elevation (mean 150-400 ng/ml) in treated venous thrombosis, uneventful postsurgical states, localized neoplasia, liver disease and symptomatic arterial disease. Levels during initial streptokinase therapy (mean 24 000 ng/ml) fell tenfold as treatment was continued. The degree of XDP elevation over normal values was significantly higher than that of FDP in conditions with a propensity for venous thrombosis (post-operative states, disseminated neoplasia and inflammatory diseases) than in liver disease, localized neoplasia or patients receiving heparin therapy for venous thromboembolism. PMID- 3896300 TI - Can the fetus listen and learn? PMID- 3896301 TI - The induction of ovulation using pulsatile luteinizing hormone releasing hormone in clinical practice. AB - Until recently induction of ovulation in patients resistant to clomiphene has required gonadotrophin therapy. This has entailed intensive biochemical monitoring to ascertain the correct dosage and to avoid ovarian hyperstimulation. Described here is a simple, safe effective method of ovulation induction, using pulsed luteinizing hormone releasing hormone and requiring only minimal, readily available monitoring methods. PMID- 3896302 TI - Mechanism of action of methanol oxidase, reconstitution of methanol oxidase with 5-deazaflavin, and inactivation of methanol oxidase by cyclopropanol. AB - Methanol oxidase isolated from Hansenula polymorpha contains two distinct flavin cofactors in approximately equal amounts. One has been identified as authentic FAD and the other as a modified form of FAD differing only in the ribityl portion of the ribityldiphosphoadenosine side chain. The significance of this finding is as yet unknown. Previous studies have shown that cyclopropanol irreversibly inactivates methanol oxidase [Mincey, T., Tayrien, G., Mildvan, A. S., & Abeles, R. H. (1980) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 77, 7099-7101]. We have now established that inactivation is accompanied by covalent modification of the flavin cofactor. The stoichiometry of this reaction is 1 mol of cyclopropanol/mol of active flavin. The structure of the covalent adduct was determined by NMR, IR, and UV spectral studies to be an N5,C4a-cyclic 4a,5-dihydroflavin. Reduction of the covalent adduct with NaBH4 at pH 9.0 before removal from the enzyme converted it to the 1-(ribityldiphosphoadenosine)-substituted 4-(3-hydroxypropyl)-2,3 dioxoquinoxaline. Cyclopropyl ring cleavage accompanies inactivation, and covalent bond formation occurs between a methylene carbon of cyclopropanol and N5 of flavin. Methanol oxidase was also reconstituted with 5-deazaflavin adenine dinucleotide (dFAD). Reconstituted enzyme did not catalyze the oxidation of alcohols to the corresponding aldehydes, nor did reduced reconstituted enzyme catalyze the reverse reaction. Incubation of reconstituted enzyme with cyclopropanol resulted in an absorbance decrease at 399 nm, but no irreversible covalent modification of the deazaflavin cofactor. A reversible addition complex between cyclopropanol and dFAD is formed. The structure of that complex was not definitively established, but it is likely that it is formed through the addition of cyclopropoxide to C5 of dFAD. The failure of dFAD-reconstituted methanol oxidase to catalyze the oxidation of substrate, as well as the lack of reaction with cyclopropanol, supports a radical mechanism for alcohol oxidation and cyclopropanol inactivation. Methanol oxidase catalyzes the oxidation of cyclopropylcarbinol to the corresponding aldehyde. No ring-opened products were detected. The failure to form ring-opened products has been used as an argument against radical processes [MacInnes, I., Nonhebel, D. C., Orsculik, S. T., & Suckling, C. J. (1982) J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 121-122]. We present arguments against this interpretation. PMID- 3896303 TI - Specific replacement of functional groups of uridine-33 in yeast phenylalanine transfer ribonucleic acid. AB - Functional groups of the highly conserved uridine at position 33 in the anticodon loop of yeast tRNAPhe were altered by a synthetic protocol that replaces U-33 with any desired nucleotide and leaves all other nucleotides of the tRNA intact. The U-33-substituted tRNAs were prepared in an eight-step protocol that begins with partial cleavage of tRNAPhe at U-33 by ribonuclease A. By use of the combined half-molecules as substrate, U-33 was removed from the 5' half-molecule in three steps and then replaced by using RNA ligase to add the desired nucleoside 3',5'-bisphosphate. Each position 33 substituted 5' half-molecule was isolated and annealed to the original 3' half-molecule from the ribonuclease A digestion. The two halves were then rejoined in three steps to give a full-size tRNAPhe variant. This protocol should be applicable to other RNA molecules where a nucleotide substitution is desired at the 5' side of an available unique cleavage site. Seven substituted tRNAPheS containing uridine, pseudouridine, 3 methyluridine, 2'-O-methyluridine, cytidine, deoxycytidine, and purine riboside at position 33 were assayed for aminoacylation with yeast phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase. Each of the seven tRNAs aminoacylated normally. Thus, unlike the adjacent guanine residue at position 34, U-33 is not involved in the interaction between yeast tRNAPhe and yeast phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase. PMID- 3896304 TI - Kinetics of open complex formation between Escherichia coli RNA polymerase and the lac UV5 promoter. Evidence for a sequential mechanism involving three steps. AB - The forward and reverse kinetics of open complex formation between Escherichia coli RNA polymerase and the lac UV5 promoter have been studied in the temperature range of 15-42 degrees C. The standard two-step model, involving the formation of a closed intermediate, RPc, followed by an isomerization that leads to the active complex RPo, could not account for the present data. The promoter-enzyme lifetime measurements showed an inverse temperature dependence (apparent activation energy, -35 kcal/mol). A third step, which is very temperature dependent and which is very rapid at 37 degrees C, was postulated to involve the unstacking of DNA base pairs that immediately precedes open complex formation. Evidence for incorporating a new binary complex, RPi, in the pathway was provided by experiments that distinguished between stably bound species and active promoter after temperature-jump perturbations. These experiments allowed measurement of the rate of reequilibration between the stably bound species and determination of the corresponding equilibrium constant. They indicated that the third step became rate limiting below 20 degrees C; this prediction was checked by an analysis of the forward kinetics. A quantitative evaluation of the parameters involved in this three-step model is provided. Similar experiments were performed on a negatively supercoiled template: in this case the third equilibrium was driven toward formation of the open complex even at low temperature, and the corresponding step was not rate limiting. PMID- 3896305 TI - Changes in the DNA structure of the lac UV5 promoter during formation of an open complex with Escherichia coli RNA polymerase. AB - By chemical and enzymatic methods, two stable complexes between Escherichia coli RNA polymerase and a linear DNA fragment carrying the lac UV5 promoter have been identified. In these binary complexes, DNA can adopt two alternate conformations as a function of temperature. Contacts between RNA polymerase and the DNA phosphate backbone are indistinguishable in these two forms, as revealed by probing with pancreatic DNase I. Protection of enhancement of the reactivity of the bases toward (CH3)2SO4 occurs, however, only in the form that predominates above 22 degrees C, RPo. The form stable at low temperature, RPi, is a "closed" complex since no single-stranded region is detectable in the DNA. The strong temperature dependence of the equilibrium constant, the midpoint value of the transition, and the rate of conversion between these two forms are in close agreement with a series of measurements performed by using a transcriptional assay and reported in the preceding paper [Buc, H., & McClure, W. R. (1985) Biochemistry (preceding paper in this issue)]. These data further support the postulated mechanism of open complex formation involving three sequential steps: R + P in equilibrium RPc in equilibrium RPi in equilibrium RPo. The binary complex RPc, which accumulates transiently at 37 degrees C before the isomerization leading to open complex formation, is not significantly protected against enzymatic cleavage or chemical modification and is therefore distinct from RPi and RPo.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3896306 TI - Large-scale purification, oligomerization equilibria, and specific interaction of the LexA repressor of Escherichia coli. AB - A rapid large-scale procedure for the purification of the LexA repressor of Escherichia coli is described. This procedure allows one to get more than 100 mg of purified protein from 100 g of bacterial paste with a purity of at least 97%. This method is comparable to earlier, far more complicated purification procedures giving clearly smaller yields. It is shown that the LexA protein may be identified spectroscopically by a large A235/A280 ratio and very pronounced ripples in the absorption spectrum arising from a high amount of phenylalanine residues with respect to that of the other aromatic amino acids. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis has been used to study the specific interaction of LexA with a recA operator fragment. The quaternary structure of LexA has been studied by equilibrium ultracentrifugation and sedimentation velocity measurements. The sedimentation coefficient increases with increasing LexA concentration, indicating that LexA is involved in self-association. This finding has been confirmed by equilibrium ultracentrifugation. The results are best described by a monomer-dimer and a subsequent dimer-tetramer equilibrium, with an association constant of 2.1 X 10(4) M-1 for the dimer and 7.7 X 10(4) M-1 for the tetramer formation. These relatively small association constants determined under near physiological pH and salt conditions suggest that in vivo LexA should be essentially in the monomeric state. The degree to which LexA decreases the electrophoretic mobility of a 175 base pair fragment harboring the recA operator suggests that the recA operator interacts nevertheless with a LexA dimer. However, our results may be also explained by the binding of a LexA monomer with a simultaneous bending of the DNA fragment. PMID- 3896307 TI - Conservation of RNA sequence and cross-linking ability in ribosomes from a higher eukaryote: photochemical cross-linking of the anticodon of P site bound tRNA to the penultimate cytidine of the UACACACG sequence in Artemia salina 18S rRNA. AB - The complex of Artemia salina ribosomes and Escherichia coli acetylvalyl-tRNA could be cross-linked by irradiation with near-UV light. Cross-linking required the presence of the codon GUU, GUA being ineffective. The acetylvalyl group could be released from the cross-linked tRNA by treatment with puromycin, demonstrating that cross-linking had occurred at the P site. This was true both for pGUU- and also for poly(U2,G)-dependent cross-linking. All of the cross-linking was to the 18S rRNA of the small ribosomal subunit. Photolysis of the cross-link at 254 nm occurred with the same kinetics as that for the known cyclobutane dimer between this tRNA and Escherichia coli 16S rRNA. T1 RNase digestion of the cross-linked tRNA yielded an oligonucleotide larger in molecular weight than any from un-cross linked rRNA or tRNA or from a prephotolyzed complex. Extended electrophoresis showed this material to consist of two oligomers of similar mobility, a faster one-third component and a slower two-thirds component. Each oligomer yielded two components on 254-nm photolysis. The slower band from each was the tRNA T1 oligomer CACCUCCCUVACAAGp, which includes the anticodon. The faster band was the rRNA 9-mer UACACACCGp and its derivative UACACACUG. Unexpectedly, the dephosphorylated and slower moving 9-mer was derived from the faster moving dimer. Deamination of the penultimate C to U is probably due to cyclobutane dimer formation and was evidence for that nucleotide being the site of cross-linking. Direct confirmation of the cross-linking site was obtained by "Z"-gel analysis [Ehresmann, C., & Ofengand, J. (1984) Biochemistry 23, 438-445].(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3896308 TI - Characterization of effects of anti-beta and anti-beta' monoclonal antibodies on the activity of the RNA polymerase from Escherichia coli. AB - Monoclonal antibodies directed against antigenic determinants on the beta and beta' subunits of the Escherichia coli RNA polymerase were characterized by using d(A-T)n-directed transcription assays. Antibodies were prepared by using purified subunits as immunogens, and seven anti-beta and five anti-beta' monoclonal antibodies were generated. Inhibitory anti-beta monoclonal antibodies were found to affect RNA polymerase during synthesis of r(A-U)n, abortive initiation of pApU and UpApU, and elongation by preformed ternary complexes. A comparative enzyme study of r(A-U)n synthesis showed the core polymerase to be more sensitive to inhibition by the anti-beta monoclonal antibody than was the holoenzyme. In contrast, the inhibition effected by the anti-beta' monoclonal antibody was found to be 90% or greater for each of the d(A-T)n-directed assays used. The different inhibitory patterns exhibited by the anti-beta and anti-beta' monoclonal antibodies suggest that the beta and beta' subunits engage in different roles during transcription. Kinetic analysis of the abortive initiation reaction in the presence and absence of the inhibitory antibodies resulted in distinctive but complex modes of inhibition. Inhibition by the anti-beta monoclonal antibody 210E8 was noncompetitive with regard to UTP and competitive for UpA incorporation; at increased UpA concentration, the inhibition was completely reversed. Inhibition of the abortive synthesis of UpApU by the anti-beta' monoclonal antibody 311G2 was noncompetitive with regard to both UpA and UTP incorporation. When the preformed ternary elongation complex was used, inhibition by the anti-beta monoclonal antibody was mixed with regard to the ribonucleoside triphosphate substrates.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3896309 TI - Structure-activity relationships in the dodecapeptide alpha-factor of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: position 6 analogues are poor inducers of agglutinability. AB - Five des-Trp1,Cha3,X6 analogues of alpha-factor, where X = Ala, Val, Ile, Nle, or D-Leu and X = Leu in the natural alpha-factor sequence, were prepared by solution phase techniques utilizing isobutyl chloroformate or 1-hydroxybenzotriazole accelerated active esters as the coupling agents. Purification to 98% or greater homogeneity was accomplished by high-performance liquid chromatography on a reversed-phase muBondapak C18 column with methanol/water/trifluoroacetic acid as the mobile phase. Three of the synthesized analogues (X6 = Val, Ile, Nle) induced morphogenesis and increased agglutinability in a cells. These substitutions demonstrate that a gamma-branched side chain at position 6 is not essential for biological activity. All of the active analogues induced morphogenesis at lower concentrations than they induced enhanced agglutinability. These results and other structure-activity relationships [Baffi, R. A., Shenbagamurthi, P., Terrance, K., Becker, J. M., Naider, F., & Lipke, P. (1984) J. Bacteriol. 158, 1152-1156] indicate that the agglutination and morphological responses to alpha factor can be varied independently. Replacement of Leu6 with Ala or D-Leu resulted in inactive analogues that were not antagonistic for alpha-factor activity. Cell-mediated hydrolysis experiments indicated that the biological activities of the alpha-factor analogues are independent of their rates of degradation. All position 6 analogues were hydrolyzed more slowly than the parent compound, suggesting that the enzyme which degrades alpha-factor is highly specific for the native structure. PMID- 3896311 TI - The molecular pathology of Friend erythroleukemia virus strains. An overview. PMID- 3896310 TI - Binding of the antitumor drug cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (cisplatin) to DNA. PMID- 3896312 TI - The cytoskeleton in cancer cells. PMID- 3896313 TI - The role of natural killer cells in the control of tumor growth and metastasis. PMID- 3896314 TI - Clinical and experimental studies on the biology of metastasis. PMID- 3896315 TI - Evidence that the variable fluorescence in Chlorella is recombination luminescence. AB - The fluorescence lifetime of oxygen-forming photosynthetic systems as a function of closed traps has been studied by several groups using light and poisons (usually 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU)) to fix the closed trap state during the experiment. These measurements have now been carried out using light alone, by means of pump and probe laser pulses and a very efficient fast photomultiplier-digitizing system. It is found that the absolute amplitude of fast fluorescence (mean tau, approx. 0.3 ns) remains constant until over half the traps are filled. The amplitude of the slow fluorescence (tau approximately equal to 1.2 ns) increases with pump energy, and its response is best fit with a lag or finite rise-time of approx. 200 ps. This novel result is consistent with the hypothesis that the slow component of the fluorescence is actually recombination luminescence in the trap. Thus, the full trapping time, i.e., the time to form the P+I- state from an excitation in the O2 photosystem, is relatively slow. PMID- 3896316 TI - Movement and structure of water in animal cells. Ideas and experiments. PMID- 3896317 TI - Transport of amino acids in the placenta. PMID- 3896318 TI - Inhibition of sterol biosynthesis by ergosterol and cholesterol in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - When accumulation of squalene was used as a measure of the flow of carbon into the sterol pathway in whole cells of semi-anaerobic Saccharomyces cerevisiae, both ergosterol and cholesterol were found to be inhibitory. However, at equivalent concentrations in the medium ergosterol was substantially the more potent inhibitor. Marked differences found in the absorption and esterification of the two sterols failed to account for the observed difference in their capacities to act as feedback agents. Cholesterol was much more effectively absorbed as well as esterified, but, when the abilities of the two sterols to lower the squalene level were calculated on the basis of free sterol in the cells, ergosterol remained more effective by a factor of four. PMID- 3896319 TI - Macromolecules mediate prostacyclin release from human umbilical artery. AB - Previous reports regarding the modulation of prostaglandin release from tissues by serum components did not identify these components. We have found that inhibition of prostacyclin release from human umbilical artery by human serum is attributable to serum macromolecules. We demonstrate that such inhibitory activity depends on macromolecular size and may result from macromolecule/cell surface interactions. PMID- 3896320 TI - Trypsin-resistant forms of human growth hormone have diabetogenic and insulin like activities. AB - Although diabetogenic and insulin-like activities are intrinsic properties of the growth hormone (GH) molecule, it has been frequently suggested that the hormone must be proteolytically processed for these activities to be expressed. If this is correct, then derivatives of GH having resistance to appropriate proteolytic attack might not have diabetogenic and/or insulin-like activity. The purpose of the present study was to prepare derivatives of human GH that are resistant to digestion by trypsin and to determine whether they possess diabetogenic or insulin-like activity. Three derivatives were prepared from purified native human GH in which lysine residues were modified with methyl acetimidate, citraconic anhydride or S-ethyl-thioltrifluoroacetate, and one in which arginine residues were modified with camphorquinone-10-sulfonic acid. Comparisons of peptide maps of tryptic digests of these derivatives with that of unmodified human GH indicated that all four were resistant to proteolysis by trypsin. All of these trypsin-resistant forms of human GH were found to possess significant growth promoting, diabetogenic and insulin-like activities, although all activities were attenuated to some extent in each derivative. The relative potencies of the human GH derivatives in a radioimmunoassay for human GH were somewhat similar to their order of potency in the growth-promoting and diabetogenic assays. These results suggest that if proteolytic processing of the GH molecule is involved in the expression of one or more of its biological activities, such processing probably does not involve a trypsin-like proteinase. PMID- 3896321 TI - Proteolytic activity of largomycin. AB - Largomycin, an antibiotic and antitumor protein, purified from the culture broth of Streptomyces pluricolorescens, displayed specific proteolytic activity. Pure largomycin did not degrade a number of substrates commonly used for detection of aminopeptidase, endopeptidase and carboxypeptidase activity. Pure largomycin degraded angiotensin II, bradykinin, a few dipeptides and a number of proteins of KB cell plasma membranes. The biological activity and the proteolytic activity of largomycin showed similar temperature-dependent patterns, suggesting that one protein is responsible for both activities. The apoprotein of largomycin, which did not show antibiotic activity, contained the proteolytic activity. PMID- 3896322 TI - Glucocorticoid effects on membrane lipid mobility during differentiation of murine B lymphocytes. AB - The lateral motion of membrane lipids on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated murine B lymphocytes was measured using photobleaching recovery techniques. The mobility of the phospholipid analog 3,3'-dioctadecylindocarbocyanine iodide (DiI) was measured at 37 degrees C on B lymphocytes 48 h after stimulation by various concentrations of lipopolysaccharide. DiI mobility on lymphoblasts from cultures stimulated with 10 micrograms/ml lipopolysaccharide was reduced 50% compared with unstimulated, small B cells. However, both lower and higher lipopolysaccharide concentrations caused some decrease in lipid mobility. Lipid mobility was measured on B cells stimulated with 10 micrograms/ml lipopolysaccharide at zero time, on lymphoblasts at 18, 24, 48 and 72 h, and on immunoglobulin (Ig) secreting lymphocytes at 96 h. The diffusion coefficient of DiI on both control and lipopolysaccharide-treated cells at zero time is 6.3 X 10(-9) cm2 X s-1. This value remains unchanged for unstimulated cells over 72 h. Lipid mobility of lipopolysaccharide-activated lymphoblasts decreased during incubation with lipopolysaccharide to 5.0, 3.4, 2.8 and 2.4 X 10(-9) cm2 X s-1 after 18, 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively. DiI mobility on immunoglobulin (Ig) -secreting lymphocytes identified at the foci of Protein A-coated sheep red blood cells plaques is 8.6 X 10(-9) cm2 X s-1, a value similar to that of unstimulated B cells. The effect of introducing various concentrations of a synthetic glucocorticoid, triamcinolone acetonide (TA), to 48 h lipopolysaccharide stimulated cells for 6 h was examined. Maximal TA effect was observed at a concentration of 10(-7) M, which caused an increase in lipid mobility to 7.5 X 10(-9) cm2 X s-1. Exposing resting B cells (t = 0) or lymphoblasts (t = 24, 48 or 72 h) to TA for 3 h had no effect on lipid mobility. Treatment for 6 h with 10( 7) MTA increased DiI diffusion to 12.6, 9.9, 7.5 and 6.8 X 10(-9) cm2 X s-1 on control cells and on 24, 48 and 72 h lipopolysaccharide-activated lymphoblasts, respectively. A longer incubation of 12 h with 10(-7) MTA caused no further change in lipid lateral diffusion. The response was glucocorticoid-specific. In lymphoblasts (48 h) incubated an additional 6 h with 10(-7) MTA and a 100-fold excess of cortexolone or progesterone, the increase in lipid mobility was substantively blocked; estradiol and testosterone had no effect on lipid lateral diffusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3896323 TI - [Evaluation of the dynamic ratio of Escherichia coli cell loss from the coefficient of ultrasound relaxation in a suspension]. AB - A method for measuring the microbial cell dynamic loss modulus has been developed. The acoustic wave relaxation coefficient in the suspension of Escherichia coli cells was measured in relation to ultra-sound frequency and cell concentration. Using these data and proceeding from the ideas on acoustic and viscous properties of suspensions the volume dynamic loss modulus of cells was calculated. The obtained results were compared with the data on the loss modulus of albumin globules aggregates. PMID- 3896324 TI - [Stochastic dynamics and electron-conformation interactions in proteins]. AB - A review of modern concepts of conformational motions in proteins is presented. Problems relevant to the theory of the dynamic behavior of different structural elements of biomacromolecules and a protein globule as a whole are discussed. A theory of electron-conformation interactions is presented and its applications to electron-transport reactions, the enzymic act, and the diffusion of the ligands in the proteins are discussed. PMID- 3896325 TI - The origins of the strategy of codon use. AB - We analyzed the DNA sequences taking as an elementary pattern segments of increasing length from the codon to the gene. We have thus been able to identify part of the constraints from which originates the use of the code degeneracy in each gene. Our results show that the strategy of codon use is not solely related to the translation apparatus characteristics. PMID- 3896326 TI - Search for promoter sites of prokaryotic DNA using learning techniques. AB - Using learning techniques previously described in this journal, we have built an expert system able to point to the start DNA point of a sequence and therefore to recognize a promoter. However, to build this system, we have focused on the TATA box and its environment. We have used this expert system to look for new promoters and also to construct new promoters. The results obtained are discussed. PMID- 3896327 TI - Spatiotemporal inseparability in early visual processing. AB - We examine the implications of significant inseparable behaviour in centre surround retinal cell types. From the form of a spatiotemporal centre-surround (CS) model which agrees qualitatively with physiological observations, we find that the sustained/transient dichotomy is a poor distinction for X-type/Y-type retinal ganglion cells since both exhibit inseparability. Static centre-surround models and spatiotemporal separable models are not valid for time-varying stimuli. Our results contradict the models for X- and Y-type ganglion cells proposed by Marr and Hildreth (1980) and Marr and Ullman (1981), and raise doubts about the physiological validity of Marr's zero-crossing theory. The CS filter is an attractive precursor to the extraction of 2-d motion information. PMID- 3896328 TI - [Comparative study of lipid transfer between cell organelles using lipid-transfer proteins in vitro]. AB - The transfer of de novo synthesized lipids from microsomes to lipid non synthesizing membranes was studied in vivo and in vitro from the ratios of specific radioactivities of [14C]cholesterol, [14C] and [32P]phosphatidylcholine and [32P]phosphatidylethanolamine in the nuclei and mitochondria to that in microsomes. The radioactivity of lipids transferred from microsomes to mitochondria and nuclei was identical both in vitro and in vivo and when the lipid-exchange protein of the 105 000 g supernatant was used. Acceleration of lipid metabolism in the liver of gamma-irradiated rats was concomitant with the increase in the rate of labeled cholesterol transfer cation to liver cell nuclei and mitochondria, but remained unchanged in in vitro studies involving lipid exchange protein. The reduction of phosphatidylethanolamine transfer to the nuclei in vitro and in vivo diminished in the same way. The existence in the cell of mechanisms of transfer of de novo synthesized cholesterol other than lipid exchange protein is postulated. PMID- 3896329 TI - Chemical specificity of the effects of branched chain amino acids on glucagon and insulin release in the suckling rat. AB - The work presented here aims at investigating the in vitro relationship between amino acids and pancreatic hormonal release in the suckling rat. Among the 20 most usual amino acids, 12 of them were tested on perifused pieces of pancreas in 5.5-day-old rats at a low glucose concentration. Their effects were compared to those induced by a 20 amino acid mixture. A 20 amino acid mixture (10.3 mM) stimulated glucagon and insulin release (154 and 208%, respectively). In the mixture, the 4 pooled amino acids Ala-Gly-Ser-Thr (at 1.4 instead of 4.2 mM) did not induce further modification of the glucagon or insulin release. However, the 3 branched chain amino acids Ile-Leu-Val (at 2.9 instead of 1.4 mM) or the following amino acids Arg-Asn-Phe-Pro-Tyr (at 3.2 instead of 1.6 mM) modulated glucagon or insulin release in the presence of the amino acid mixture. In the absence of Ile-Leu-Val, the amino acid mixture had no effect on the insulin release: 122 compared to 208%. This seems specific to the chemical nature of Ile Leu-Val since in the absence of Arg-Asn-Phe-Pro-Tyr, the amino acid mixture was still effective on the insulin release (178 compared to 208%). In the absence of Ile-Leu-Val, the amino acid mixture was effective on glucagon release, and revealed the cellular specificity of the branched chain amino acid action. PMID- 3896330 TI - A theoretical study of the effect of structural variations on the biochemical reactivity of yeast tRNAPhe and yeast tRNAAsp. AB - The ASIF index which combines both steric and electronic factors is applied to the comparative study of the reactivity of yeast tRNAAsp and yeast tRNAPhe using the coordinates deduced from their crystal structures. The results compared with the known experimental reactivities in solution are somewhat less perfect for tRNAAsp than for tRNAPhe. The reasons for this situation are probably related to the differences existing between the structures of tRNAAsp in the crystal and in solution. PMID- 3896331 TI - Base-pairing properties of O-methylated bases of nucleic acids. Energetic and steric considerations. AB - Base-pairing properties of O-methylated nucleic-acid bases have been systematically investigated using both semi-empirical quantum-mechanical methods and a second-order perturbation formalism. The energetic, steric and electronic properties of (a) the individual methylated bases, (b) possible base-pairs formed between O-methylated and normal bases, and (c) mini-helices incorporating O methylated bases were calculated. Two types of base-paired complexes were obtained: Those involving classical linear hydrogen bonds, and those involving bifurcated hydrogen-donor-hydrogen-acceptor interactions. In most complexes the presence of mispairs in the helical structure of nucleic acids is expected to create a local perturbation in the structure of the helix. Even though the most stable planar configurations of the mispairs may deviate markedly from those in the regular double helix, the induced deformations in the structure of the backbone are relatively small. Internal energies and geometries of mispairs are strongly affected by the conformation of the exocyclic group of the methylated bases. Another important contribution to the stability of various base-pairing schemes comes from stacking interactions. PMID- 3896332 TI - Influence of supercoiling on DNA structure: laser Raman spectroscopy of the plasmid pBR322. PMID- 3896333 TI - Molecular-dynamics simulation of phenylalanine transfer RNA. I. Methods and general results. PMID- 3896334 TI - A new application of plasma exchange in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. AB - An insulin dependent diabetic patient was resistant to all but central venous insulin administration. For this reason plasma exchange was tried and it restored insulin responsiveness. An anti-insulin IgG antibody was identified in the patient's plasma. Plasma exchange reduced antibody levels and these correlated with daily insulin requirements. Kinetic analysis of anti-insulin antibodies, however caused us to doubt that they were the sole cause of the problem. Although the mechanism remains unclear, plasmapheresis proved to be an effective method of treating this patient's insulin resistance. PMID- 3896335 TI - Diabetic nephropathy. PMID- 3896336 TI - Factors affecting the metabolic control of cytosolic and lysosomal glycogen levels in the liver. AB - Rats with a gentic deficiency of phosphorylase kinase have been treated with the 1,4-alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, Acarbose. Lysosomal glycogen metabolism has been markedly altered and the results support the concept of a feedback control mechanism operating on the uptake mechanism into the lysosomal compartment. PMID- 3896337 TI - The effect of streptozotocin-induced diabetes on hepatic hexose transport. AB - 3-O-methyl-D-glucose (which is not metabolized in isolated parenchymal cells) was used to characterize the hexose transport process in hepatocytes prepared from 24 h fasted rats. The Vmax and Km obtained were 161 +/- 12 nmol/mg dry wt./min and 39 +/- 4 mM respectively (Europe-Finner GN, 1984, Biosci. Rep. 4, 483-489). Streptozotocin-induced diabetes decreased the Km of the system by 50% to a value of 19 +/- 6 mM without causing any change in the Vmax. Short term insulin treatment of cells prepared from 24 h diabetic rats appeared to partially return the system to normal. PMID- 3896338 TI - The role of high rates of glycolysis and glutamine utilization in rapidly dividing cells. AB - The rates of utilization of both glucose and glutamine are high in rapidly dividing cells such as enterocytes, lymphocytes, thymocytes, tumour cells; the oxidation of both glucose and glutamine is only partial, glucose to lactate and glutamine to glutamate, alanine or aspartate; and these partial processes are termed glycolysis and glutaminolysis respectively. Both processes generate energy and also provide precursors for important biosynthetic processes in such cells. However, the rates of utilization of precursors for macromolecular biosynthesis are very low in comparison to the rates of partial oxidation, and energy generation per se may not be the correct explanation for high rates of glycolysis and glutaminolysis in these cells since oxidation is only partial and other fuels can be used to generate energy. Both the high fluxes and the metabolic characteristics of these two processes can be explained by application of quantitative principles of control as applied to branched metabolic pathways (Crabtree & Newsholme, 1985). If the flux through one branch is greatly in excess of the other, then the sensitivity of the flux of the low-flux pathway to regulators is very high. Hence, it is suggested that, in rapidly dividing cells, high rates of glycolysis and glutaminolysis are required not for energy or precursor provision per se but for high sensitivity of the pathways involved in the use of precursors for macromolecular synthesis to specific regulators to permit high rates of proliferation when required - for example, in lymphocytes in response to a massive infection. PMID- 3896339 TI - [Lysosomal proteinase activity and the the lysosomes of the small intestine in postnatal ontogeny]. AB - It has been shown that in postnatal animals, the activity of lysosomal proteinases in the distal part of the small intestine was considerably higher than in the proximal one. With transition from milk to definitive nutrition, the activity of lysosomal proteinases gets equalized in the proximal and distal parts of the small intestine. The data concerning the proximo-distal gradient of distribution of the activity of lysosomal proteinases have been supported. Transition from milk to definitive nutrition has given rise to ultrastructural alterations in the lysosomal apparatus. PMID- 3896340 TI - [Facilitation of the structural and functional disorders of liver lysosomes in toxic hepatitis due to the suppression of intralysosomal proteolysis]. AB - Suramin that accumulates in rat liver Kupffer cell lysosomes and inhibits the intralysosomal proteolysis was used to suppress the functional activity of these particles during liver damage (acute CCl4 hepatitis). Polyvinylpyrrolidone that does not disturb protein catabolism in liver lysosomes was employed for reference. According to the characteristic changes in lysosomes induced by suramin (inhibition of acid phosphatase, decrease of the rate of the intralysosomal proteolysis in the liver) and PVP the damaged liver was able to accumulate the lysosomotropic substances under study. Suramin aggravated liver damage and increased the lysosomal labilization, whereas PVP exhibited the protective action. The unfavourable effect of suramin may be linked with the suppression of catabolism of Kupffer cell lysosomes. The data obtained suggest the lack of safety of using the inhibitors of intralysosomal proteolysis in patients with acute hepatitis. PMID- 3896341 TI - [Immunochemical identification of the growth hormone and prolactin in the hypophyseal polypeptide spectrum of chickens]. AB - Forty-eight fractions of polypeptides including 39 fractions with a molecular weight of 14-95 kD were identified in chick adenohypophysis by sodium dodecyl sulphate electrophoresis in 10-20% gradient polyacrylamide gel slabs. The immunochemical identification of the polypeptides was performed with the aid of the electroblotting of proteins and antisera to human STH, to bovine prolactin, and to the tissue-specific antigen A-1 of chick adenohypophysis. Antisera to human STH and to antigen A-1 reacted with the same major polypeptide fraction, m.w. 26 kD, characteristic of the caudal lobe of the adenohypophysis. Immunoreactive prolactin was present in chick adenohypophysis in the form of a polypeptide fraction with a molecular weight of 25 kD and in the form of two minor fractions of polypeptides with molecular weights of 27 and 28 kD. The data obtained indicate the identity of the adenohypophyseal tissue-specific antigen A 1 to chick STH. PMID- 3896342 TI - [Identification of the forms of human leukemia using polyclonal antibodies to erythroblast antigen]. AB - Using polyclonal antibodies to an interspecies antigen of erythroblasts (Ag-Eb) with a molecular weight 69 000 D this antigen was revealed by immunofluorescence on the cells of the peripheral blood of patients with erythroleukemias and, in several cases, in those with undifferentiated leukemias. The possibility was shown of using these antibodies as a diagnostic tool when studying erythroleukemias and acute undifferentiated leukemias. PMID- 3896343 TI - [Immunomorphological study of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced carcinomas of the large intestine in rats using monoclonal antibodies to intermediate filament proteins]. AB - Cryostatic sections of rat large bowel tumors induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine were stained with monoclonal antibodies against different proteins of intermediate filaments: (a) against prekeratin (mol. mass 49 000, PK49) found in many epithelial cells and (b) against vimentin, a constituent of intermediate filaments of mesenchymal cells. Immunofluorescence study showed that large bowel tumor cells as well as normal cells of this organ contain PK49 but not vimentin. High sensitivity of the method allowed one to clearly identify small invasive nodules and groups of tumor cells not visible in usual histologic preparations. Moreover, in some cases single atypical tumor cells were identified in tumor stroma and in the submucosal layer underlying the tumor, that were indistinguishable from normal mesenchymal cells at the light microscopy level. PMID- 3896344 TI - Autologous bone marrow transplantation for patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in second or subsequent remission: results of bone marrow treated with monoclonal antibodies BA-1, BA-2, and BA-3 plus complement. AB - Autologous bone marrow transplantation (BMT) was utilized as therapy for 23 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in second or greater remission. Bone marrow was treated in vitro with a combination of monoclonal antibodies, consisting of BA-1, BA-2, BA-3, and baby rabbit complement (BRC'). All patients were prepared for transplantation with cyclophosphamide and fractionated total body irradiation. Engraftment occurred in all 23 patients. Seven of 23 patients remain relapse-free from six to 32 months (median, 21.4 months) posttransplant. Failures were due to relapse with the exception of one patient who died of infection. This study demonstrates that autologous BMT using in vitro marrow treatment with BA-1, BA-2, BA-3, and BRC' is safe, allows engraftment, and results in prolonged survival for some patients with ALL in second or greater remission. PMID- 3896345 TI - Reduction of lethal graft-versus-host disease: transplantation of cultured murine bone marrow across minor histocompatibility differences. AB - The murine bone marrow culture technique was used to prepare donor marrow for bone marrow transplantation across minor histocompatibility complex differences. Previous studies have shown that theta-positive cells are rapidly lost from such cultures and that transplantation of cultured marrow across major histocompatibility complex differences results in a delay in the development of lethal graft-v-host disease (GVHD). In this study, a total of 1 to 2 X 10(7) nonadherent cells (740 to 1560 CFUs [colony-forming units]) from three-day-old cultures were used as a source of donor marrow. Three strain combinations were evaluated; LP/J into C57BL/6; BIO.BR into CBA/J; and C57BL/6 into LP/J. Donor mice were immunized with recipient spleen cells prior to culture in order to increase the graft-v-host response. For LP/J marrow into C57BL/6 mice, 5 X 10(7) donor spleen cells transplanted along with the marrow were needed to induce lethal GVHD. However, lethal GVHD was seen without the addition of spleen cells for BIO.BR into CBA/J and C57BL/6 into LP/J strain combinations. Most animals receiving fresh marrow were dead of GVHD five weeks after transplantation. With the use of cultured marrow the three-month survival was 80%, 51%, and 93%, respectively, for LP/J into C57BL/6, BIO.BR into CBA/J, and C57BL/6 into LP/J strain combinations. Long-term donor engraftment in all recipient animals receiving cultured marrow was confirmed by analyzing hemoglobin polymorphisms between the strain combinations. These results demonstrate that in contrast to transplantation across major histocompatibility complex differences, the use of cultured cells for bone marrow transplantation across minor histocompatibility complex differences allows for engraftment while reducing the risk of lethal GVHD. PMID- 3896346 TI - The hematopoietic stem cells of alpha-thalassemic mice. AB - The alpha-thalassemic mouse has a hereditary microcytic anemia, almost certainly has a shortened RBC life span, and is a potential candidate for cell replacement therapy. In a routine study of bone marrow repopulating capacity using hemoglobin as a cell marker, normal donor marrow cells, but not alpha-thalassemic donor marrow cells, completely replaced the host cells. Further analysis showed that at least 30 times more alpha-thalassemic cells were required to outcompete normal donor cells injected simultaneously. The results were more extreme then expected and suggested a defect in a stem cell population as well as in the RBCs. Evidence that the multipotent and erythroid-committed stem cells in alpha-thalassemic mice are not decreased was shown by CFU-S and CFU-E assays. The combined results indicate that the deletion expresses itself most conspicuously in the RBC population. Tests were also performed to analyze repopulation kinetics in the Hbath-J/+ mice. In unirradiated alpha-thalassemic hosts, the hemoglobin from a normal donor persisted but did not replace the host hemoglobin. Sublethally irradiated alpha-thalassemic hosts, on the other hand, were easily repopulated with normal cells. We conclude that the alpha-thalassemic mouse is a good model for cell replacement therapy. PMID- 3896347 TI - Use of multiple T cell-directed intact ricin immunotoxins for autologous bone marrow transplantation. AB - The monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) T101, G3.7, 35.1, and TA-1 were conjugated to intact ricin using a thioether linkage. These MoAb detect, respectively, the CD5[gp67], CD7[p41], CD2[p50], and [gp95, 170] determinants that are found in the vast majority of cases of T cell acute lymphocytic leukemia (T-ALL). The resulting immunotoxins (ITs) and an equimolar mixture of these ITs were evaluated as potential purgative reagents for autologous transplantation in T-ALL. Leukemic cell lines were used to compare the kinetics of protein synthesis inactivation mediated by each IT. The cells were treated with IT in the presence of lactose in order to block the native binding of ricin. The observed rates of protein synthesis inactivation correlated with target antigen expression detected by fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis. Of the four ITs, T101-ricin (T101-R) exhibited the fastest rate of inactivation, followed in order by G3.7-ricin, TA-1 ricin, and 35.1-ricin. At concentrations greater than 300 ng/mL, a cocktail containing an equimolar amount of all four ITs (referred to as the four-IT cocktail) exhibited kinetics that were as fast or faster than those of T101-R. The long-term cytotoxic effects of individual ITs and the four-IT cocktail were evaluated using a sensitive clonogenic assay. Each IT was specifically cytotoxic and inhibited 1 to 4 logs of clonogenic leukemic cells at doses (300 to 600 ng/mL) that can be used clinically. The four-IT cocktail was highly cytotoxic; a concentration of 300 ng/mL inhibited greater than 4 logs of leukemic cells while sparing the majority of committed (CFU-GM, CFU-E) and pluripotent (CFU-GEMM) hematopoietic stem cells. The determination of both short-term kinetics of protein synthesis inactivation and longer-term inhibition of clonogenic growth allowed new insight into cell killing by IT. Our results suggest that ITs continue to act on clonogenic target cells for a period of three to five days. Interestingly, the four-IT cocktail was not as potent against clonogenic leukemic cells as T101-R alone, although it exhibited kinetics of protein synthesis inhibition that were as fast as those of T101-R alone. This finding suggests that internalized ITs may differ in the length of time they remain active within the cell. Our results also demonstrate the importance of using several different assays to evaluate IT reagents. PMID- 3896348 TI - Effects of in vitro depletion of T cells in HLA-identical allogeneic marrow grafts. AB - We report results of a pilot study designed to evaluate the effects of in vitro depletion of T lymphocytes from donor marrow in patients receiving HLA-identical marrow grafts for treatment of hematologic malignancies. Twenty patients aged 31 to 50 years were prepared for transplantation with cyclophosphamide (120 mg/kg) and fractionated total body irradiation (12.0 or 15.75 Gy). All received cyclosporine after grafting. The donor marrows were treated with a mixture of eight murine monoclonal antibodies and rabbit serum complement in a manner that achieved a 2- to 3-log depletion of T cells in most patients. Initial engraftment occurred promptly in 19 of the patients, and only three had clinically significant acute graft-versus-host disease. Depletion of donor T cells, however, was associated with an increased incidence of graft failure, which occurred as late as 244 days after transplantation. Graft failure was transient in one patient but apparently was irreversible in seven others. Three of the seven patients had cytogenetic but not morphological evidence of leukemic relapse at the time of graft failure. All seven patients with irreversible graft failure have died, six after receiving second bone marrow transplants. Seven of the eight cases of graft failure occurred among the 11 patients prepared for transplantation with 12.0 Gy of total-body irradiation, and only one occurred among the nine patients with advanced malignancies who received 15.75 Gy of total body irradiation. This association with irradiation dose suggests that host factors were partly responsible for the graft failures. Because graft failure seldom occurs in irradiated recipients of unmodified HLA-identical allogeneic marrow transplants, it appears that T cells in the donor marrow may serve a beneficial function in helping to maintain sustained engraftment possibly by eliminating host cells that can cause graft failure. Optimal application of in vitro manipulation of donor marrow as a method for preventing graft-versus-host disease will require more effective immunosuppression of the recipient in order to assure sustained engraftment and function of donor stem cells. PMID- 3896349 TI - Autoimmune thrombocytopenia and neutropenia after bone marrow transplantation. PMID- 3896350 TI - Activation of proto-oncogenes in human leukemias. PMID- 3896351 TI - Serum immunoglobulin levels following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. AB - In order to study the posttransplant evolution of serum immunoglobulin levels, we measured serum IgG, IgA and IgM levels in 50 recipients of allogeneic bone marrow before transplantation and at different intervals thereafter (days 39, 120, 365 and 730). IgG and IgM levels were depressed for 1 year and IgA levels for 2 years posttransplant. Immunoglobulin deficiency was more severe and prolonged in patients with graft versus-host-disease. Hypogammaglobulinemia may contribute to the frequent infections observed in these patients, especially those with chronic graft-versus-host disease. PMID- 3896352 TI - Cytogenetic and molecular biologic alterations in human breast cancer: a review. AB - Chromosomal and molecular biologic studies of human breast cancer are beginning to provide insight into the basic biology of this important disease. The current state of knowledge of both cytogenetic evaluation and assessment of expression and amplification of cellular oncogenes in breast cancer will be outlined in this brief review. PMID- 3896353 TI - An evaluation of the effect of vincristine added to cyclophosphamide, 5 fluorouracil, methotrexate, and prednisone in advanced breast cancer. AB - A multi-institutional randomized clinical trial was carried out to evaluate the effect of vincristine (V) added to cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5 fluorouracil, and prednisone (CMFP) for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. There were 427 patients entered into the study and randomly assigned to one of the two treatments, i.e. the five drug therapy CMFPV or the four drug therapy CMFP. The differences in patient survival and tumor response between the two treatment groups were not statistically significant. The data were also analyzed using multivariate procedures to determine those factors ascertained at entry into the study which were predictors of survival or predictors of response to therapy. The one factor that predicted both response and survival was performance status. An additional important predictor of survival was sites of metastatic involvement. Other significant predictors of response were menopausal age, BUN, and hematocrit. PMID- 3896354 TI - A controlled study of tinnitus masking. AB - As part of a multi-centre study on tinnitus maskers, a controlled study with random allocation of patients to treatment groups was performed. The two therapists subdivided the patients according to whether or not they experienced hearing difficulties in addition to their tinnitus. Those with no hearing difficulties were randomly assigned to a control group with no instrumental treatment, or to treatment with one of two types of masker. Those with hearing difficulties were assigned to hearing aid, combination instrument, or masker treatment. No significant differences were found between treatment groups for those with no hearing difficulties. The differences between treatment groups for those fitted with maskers were small, but tended to indicate increased benefit derived from maskers. A number of interesting inter-therapist effects were found. PMID- 3896355 TI - A clinical study of tinnitus maskers. AB - This report describes a three-centre study of the effectiveness of tinnitus maskers, combination instruments (masker plus hearing aid), and hearing aids in the management of tinnitus. Some 472 patients entered the study with 382 reaching the first evaluation session after a minimum period of 6 months from fitting, and 206 reaching the second evaluation not less than 6 months after the first. The study included two control groups, by which to assess the comparative benefit to be derived solely from the investigation and counselling of such patients. The principal results were as follows: thorough investigation and careful counselling do much to help the patient; much further benefit is given by tinnitus masking instruments of various kinds; maskers are more often effective than hearing aids, although the latter are frequently the most appropriate first treatment of those patients who have substantial (but not yet treated or insufficiently treated) hearing difficulties as well; there is no evidence of masking having any harmful effect on hearing. None of the audiometric or tinnitus tests currently employed can be regarded as predictive, either of tinnitus severity, or of the eventual outcome of masking therapy, however certain measurements may help as a guide to patient management. PMID- 3896356 TI - Use of MEDLINE by medical students: results of a survey of the students of the Pritzker School of Medicine of the University of Chicago. AB - Because medical school is a logical place for information retrieval capabilities to be introduced to future physicians, a survey was conducted at the Pritzker School of Medicine of the University of Chicago in August 1984 to determine the students' awareness and use of MEDLINE. The study found that many students were unaware of MEDLINE and its capabilities, and that the MEDLINE orientation for students during the first week of medical school was inadequate. Suggestions for improving the orientation were solicited from the students, and these have been analyzed and discussed. PMID- 3896357 TI - The Buffalo Medical Journal: 1845-1919. AB - Fielding H. Garrison's paper "The medical periodical and the scientific society" cited the Buffalo Medical Journal in the company of eminent periodicals published in Berlin, Boston, and Edinburgh. This article provides an overview of the Journal and places it in context of 19th-century medical journalism. The Journal is assessed in terms of original scientific contributions and as a source of social and local history. PMID- 3896358 TI - The Moll Hypnosis Collection: historical background. PMID- 3896359 TI - Senator Lister Hill, 1894-1984. PMID- 3896360 TI - Millerism and madness. A study of "religious insanity" in nineteenth-century America. PMID- 3896361 TI - The encounter of Christian theology with deterministic psychology and psychoanalysis. PMID- 3896362 TI - Pressor sensitivity to exogenous vasopressin in conscious, adult rats treated neonatally with capsaicin. AB - Pressor responses to exogenous arginine vasopressin were assessed in adult rats that had been treated neonatally with capsaicin or its vehicle. Measurements were made under control conditions, after inhibition of baroreflexes (with pentolinium), and after inhibition of baroreflexes (with pentolinium) and the production of angiotensin II (with captopril). Resting arterial blood pressures and pressor sensitivities to exogenous arginine vasopressin were similar in capsaicin-treated and vehicle-injected rats. Sixty minutes after the administration of pentolinium, systolic and diastolic blood pressures were reduced in both groups of rats and the pressor responses to arginine vasopressin were similarly and significantly enhanced. In both groups of rats 60 min after administration of pentolinium and captopril, systolic and diastolic blood pressures were lower than in the presence of pentolinium alone, but pressor responses were not different from those seen in control conditions. The possibility that the present results are explicable in terms of baroreflexes, the renin-angiotensin system and endogenous vasopressin interacting to influence the pressor sensitivity to exogenous vasopressin is discussed. From the present findings, it seems that our previous observation of impaired, vasopressin mediated blood pressure recovery following acute hypotension in capsaicin-treated rats cannot be attributed to a reduced pressor sensitivity to the hormone. PMID- 3896363 TI - Vasomotor responses of cerebral arterioles in situ to putative dopamine receptor agonists. AB - The vasomotor responses of individual cerebral pial arterioles on the convexity of the cerebral cortex to subarachnoid perivascular micro-injections of dopamine and the putative dopamine receptor agonists, apomorphine, SKF 38393 and LY 141865, have been examined in 38 anaesthetized cats. The perivascular microapplication of dopamine (10(-9)-10(-3)M) effected dose-dependent reductions in pial arteriolar calibre, with the maximum reductions in calibre (22 +/- 2% from preinjection levels: mean +/- s.e.) being observed at 10(-3)M. The cerebrovascular constriction produced by dopamine (10(-5)M) could be significantly attenuated by the concomitant perivascular administration of phentolamine (10(-6)M) or methysergide (10(-6)M). The perivascular microapplication of apomorphine (10(-8)-10(-4)M) effected dose-dependent increases in arteriolar calibre, with the maximum increase (31 +/- 6%) being observed with apomorphine (10(-5)M). The perivascular administration of the putative dopamine D1-receptor agonist, SKF 38393 (10(-9)-10(-4)M) increased arteriolar calibre, with the maximum response (24 +/- 3%) being observed with injection of 10(-7)M. The putative dopamine D2-receptor agonist, LY 141865, also increased cerebral arteriolar calibre, but only at high concentrations (maximum calibre increase 25 +/- 6.1 with 10(-4)M). The cerebrovascular dilatations elicited by apomorphine and by SKF 38393 were markedly attenuated by the concomitant perivascular microapplication of the putative dopamine D1-receptor antagonist, SCH 23390 (10(-8)M). The perivascular administration of SCH 23390 (10(-9)-10(-5)M) per se did not alter arteriolar calibre nor the arteriolar dilatation provoked by microinjections of acidic cerebrospinal fluid. These results point to the presence on cat cerebral arterioles of dopamine receptors (probably of D1 subtype) mediating dilation. PMID- 3896364 TI - The relative potencies of some agonists at M2 muscarinic receptors in guinea-pig ileum, atria and bronchi. AB - The effects of some agonists on isolated preparations of guinea-pig ileum, atria and bronchial muscle have been compared with those of carbachol. The concentrations producing comparable responses were used to estimate the equipotent molar ratio relative to carbachol. Arecaidine propargyl ester was 4 to 5 times as active as carbachol on the ileum but more than 10 times as active as carbachol on atrial rate or atrial force, so the results confirm that this compound has a 2 to 3 fold selectivity for receptors in atria. Ethoxyethyltrimethylammonium iodide was one-quarter to one-third as active as carbachol on ileum but only one-tenth as active as carbachol on atrial rate or atrial force and so shows a 3 to 4 fold selectivity for receptors in ileum. The other compounds tested, which included acetylcholine, methacholine, n pentyltrimethyl-ammonium iodide and bethanechol showed less selectivity. There were no obvious differences between effects on atrial rate and effects on atrial force, though with esters it was often difficult to obtain effects on atrial rate in the absence of an inhibitor of cholinesterase. Activity on bronchial muscle was generally similar to activity on ileum. PMID- 3896365 TI - The cardiovascular and platelet actions of 9 beta-methyl carbacyclin (ciprostene), a chemically stable analogue of prostacyclin, in the dog and monkey. AB - 9 beta-Methyl carbacyclin (9 beta Me; ciprostene) is a synthetic, chemically stable analogue of prostacyclin (PGI2; epoprostenol). The platelet anti aggregating and cardiovascular effects of 9 beta Me have been compared to PGI2 in anaesthetized monkeys and dogs. In addition, their haemodynamic effects have been compared in open-chest anaesthetized dogs and conscious dogs. Intravenous infusion of 9 beta Me and PGI2 to the anaesthetized monkey resulted in a dose dependent hypotension, tachycardia and inhibition of ex vivo ADP-induced platelet aggregation. 9 beta Me was 72 times less active than PGI2 both as a hypotensive and anti-aggregating agent. Intravenous infusion of 9 beta Me and PGI2 to the anaesthetized beagle dog resulted in a qualitatively similar haemodynamic profile. Thus both substances induced a dose-dependent hypotension accompanied initially by a slightly increased heart rate, a dose-dependent increase in cardiac output, stroke volume and an increased peak LV dP/dt. At the higher doses studied, the initial increases in the parameters measured were succeeded by dose dependent falls. 9 beta Me was 76 times less active than PGI2 as a hypotensive agent. In the anaesthetized greyhound, a dose-dependent anti-aggregating and hypotensive effect was seen with either drug, with 9 beta Me being 23 and 40 times less active than PGI2, respectively. Intravenous infusion of 9 beta Me and PGI2 to the conscious beagle dog induced a dose-dependent hypotension and a variable effect on heart rate. 9 beta Me was 33 times less active than PGI2 as an hypotensive agent. The duration of the hypotensive response induced by 9PMe was not significantly different from that induced by PGI2 in either monkey or beagle dog. PMID- 3896367 TI - Ultrasound assessment of residual urine. A quantitative method. AB - A method of measuring residual urine volume using ultrasound is described. The volume is computed from serial parallel sections of the bladder. This method is found to be significantly more accurate than previously reported techniques and is quick and easy to perform. PMID- 3896366 TI - Function of human autologous kidney grafts after extracorporeal preservation with Sacks' II solution. AB - The function of 18 human kidney grafts was studied before and 3 months after autotransplantation without prior bench surgery on the parenchyma or the vessels. Kidney protection was accomplished by pre-treating the patient with mannitol and low molecular weight dextran solution and flushing the kidney with a Xylocaine heparin mixture and cold Sacks' II solution. The mean cold ischaemia time was 239 min (range 140-345 min). The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) remained unchanged post-operatively in terms of both total and split kidney GFR. Proximal and distal tubular integrity, as studied by determination of beta2-microglobulin excretion and concentration ability respectively, was also preserved. PMID- 3896368 TI - Long-term follow-up after transurethral prostatic resection with or without a short peri-operative antibiotic course. AB - This study was undertaken to analyse the results in 192 patients who 3 to 4 years earlier had undergone transurethral resection (TUR) in a controlled clinical trial on the value of a short peri-operative course of antibiotics. The survival rate was comparable in both groups. Most deaths were due to cardiovascular disease and/or cancer of the prostate and the gastrointestinal tract. Infectious events predominated in the control group and more antibiotics were prescribed for these patients during follow-up than for the patients in the peri-operative antibiotic group. Bacteriuria was found in 24% of patients, evenly distributed between the groups. Eighty-three per cent were satisfied with the results of prostatectomy but 38% complained of symptoms from the lower urinary tract. The maximum urinary flow rate was not influenced by the presence of bacteriuria and/or symptoms. There was no difference between the groups regarding mortality or morbidity except for the frequency of post-operative urethral stricture formation, which was significantly higher in the controls. It was concluded that prospective long-term follow-up is indicated to assess the effect of short peri operative antibiotic courses. PMID- 3896369 TI - Serial prostatic histology. A valid marker of response to hormone treatment. AB - Serial transrectal needle biopsies were taken from 146 patients (657 specimens) with advanced prostatic cancer (T3/T4, M1/MO) admitted to a trial of two forms of oestrogen therapy. Histological grading by Gleason and Mostofi techniques on the initial biopsy showed no correlation either with extent of disease or its eventual outcome on treatment. Change in grade was dissociated from the response of bone metastases to hormone treatment and did not appear to influence survival. However, the prognosis of 16 patients showing clearance of tumour from their serial biopsies was generally good. PMID- 3896370 TI - Problem of extravasation of irrigating medium following transurethral resection of bladder tumours. PMID- 3896371 TI - Cancer following gastric surgery. PMID- 3896372 TI - Staples or sutures for low colorectal anastomoses: a prospective randomized trial. AB - One hundred and eighteen patients undergoing low colorectal anastomoses were randomly allocated to reconstitution by either single layer interrupted extramucosal sutures or circular staple gun. In the 60 patients undergoing sutured anastomosis there were 2 (3 per cent) clinical leaks and 4 (7 per cent) radiological leaks, and no failures. Of the 58 patients who underwent stapled anastomosis there were 4 failures, 7 (12 per cent) clinical leaks, 14 (24 per cent) radiological leaks and 1 death. Stapled anastomoses were more than ten times as expensive as sutured anastomoses and there were no savings in time or numbers of associated colostomies. An interrupted extramucosal suture technique remains the ultimate standard for low colorectal anastomosis. PMID- 3896373 TI - Colonic anastomotic healing and oxygen tension. AB - Using a Clark oxygen electrode and a 133Xe clearance technique, tissue oxygen tension (T02) and blood flow have been determined in the small and large bowel of a rabbit experimental model. The predictive value of perianastomotic T02 in colonic anastomoses was determined, healing being assessed by leakage rate, tensile strength and hydroxyproline content. The effect of suture technique on colonic perianastomotic T02 has also been studied. Colonic and small intestinal T02 correlated with blood flow (r = 0.93). Basal colonic blood flow and oxygen tension were significantly lower than in the small intestine (P less than 0.01). Interrupted and continuous suture techniques decreased colonic perianastomotic T02, although mean T02 in the continuous group was significantly lower than in the interrupted group (P less than 0.01). The leakage rate was 10 per cent (1/10) for anastomoses constructed with a perianastomotic T02 above 55 mmHg compared with 100 per cent (10/10) if less than 25 mmHg (P less than 0.001). Perianastomotic T02 correlated with breaking energy (P less than 0.001), breaking strength (P less than 0.01) and hydroxyproline content (P less than 0.05). PMID- 3896374 TI - Cultivation of African and South American trypanosomes of medical or veterinary importance. PMID- 3896375 TI - Pathology of human African trypanosomiasis with reference to experimental African trypanosomiasis and infections of the central nervous system. PMID- 3896376 TI - The vectors of African trypanosomiasis: research towards non-insecticidal methods of control. PMID- 3896377 TI - Neuroendocrine mobilization of body fuels after injury. PMID- 3896378 TI - Heat production after injury. PMID- 3896379 TI - Subcellular aspects of the response to trauma. PMID- 3896380 TI - Maintenance of metabolic integrity in the brain after trauma. PMID- 3896381 TI - Muscle protein turnover and the wasting due to injury and disease. PMID- 3896382 TI - Liver export proteins and trauma. PMID- 3896383 TI - Haemostatic response to trauma. PMID- 3896384 TI - Effects of therapeutic intervention on the metabolic responses to injury. PMID- 3896385 TI - Recovery and tissue repair. PMID- 3896386 TI - Myocardial disease in small animals. PMID- 3896387 TI - The opsonic activity of whey and sera from heifers experimentally infected with Streptococcus agalactiae. PMID- 3896388 TI - Plasma progesterone concentrations in superovulated heifers determined by enzymeimmunoassay and radioimmunoassay. PMID- 3896390 TI - Immunocytochemical localization of choline acetyltransferase-like immunoreactivity in the guinea pig cochlea. AB - The immunocytochemical localization of the enzyme choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) was examined in the guinea pig organ of Corti to determine if both lateral and medial systems of efferents would show immunoreactive labeling for this specific enzyme marker of cholinergic neurons. Cochleae were also examined after lesion of efferents to determine if ChAT-like immunoreactivity is confined to efferents. ChAT-like immunoreactivity was seen in the inner spiral bundle, tunnel spiral bundle and by the bases of inner hair cells corresponding to the lateral system of efferents. ChAT-like immunoreactivity was also seen in crossing fibers and puncta at the bases and by the nuclei of outer hair cells corresponding to the medial system of efferents. With the use of video enhanced contrast microscopy more than 9 ChAT-like immunoreactive puncta at the bases of outer hair cells could be resolved. In cochleae examined 6 weeks after ipsilateral lesion of efferents, no ChAT-like immunoreactivity was observed. These results add strong evidence that acetylcholine is a transmitter of both the medial and lateral systems of efferents. PMID- 3896389 TI - Effect of opiates on the release of cholecystokinin from in vitro hypothalamus and frontal cortex of Zucker lean (Fa/-) and obese (fa/fa) rats. AB - Opiates, morphine and [D-Ala2-D-Leu5]-enkephalin (DADLE), inhibited the K+ stimulated release of cholecystokinin (CCK) from the hypothalamus of both Zucker obese (fa/fa) and lean (Fa/-) rats, in vitro. Morphine and DADLE did not inhibit the K+-stimulated release of CCK from frontal cortex from either strain. The opiates did not affect basal efflux of CCK and their effects were all blocked by equimolar concentrations of naloxone. These studies indicate a regional specificity for the effect of opiates on CCK release, and may provide evidence for a cellular mechanism by which endogenous opiates modulate feeding behavior. PMID- 3896391 TI - On the number of neurons in the dentate gyrus of the rat. AB - We have estimated the number of dentate granule cells in Sprague-Dawley and Wistar rats at 1, 4 and 12 months of age. In Sprague-Dawley rats the number of granule cells is relatively constant throughout this period at about 1 million. In Wistar rats, on the other hand, there is a progressive increase in the number from about 700,000 at 1 month to 1 million at 4 months; thereafter the number declines to about 800,000 at 1 year. Estimates of the numbers of cells in the polymorphic zone that can be stained immunohistochemically for somatostatin, cholecystokinin, vasoactive-intestinal peptide, and glutamic acid decarboxylase show no appreciable differences in the two strains. PMID- 3896392 TI - Coexistence of vasopressin, neurophysin and noradrenaline immunoreactivity in medium-sized cells of the locus coeruleus and subcoeruleus in the rat. AB - Vasopressin-and neurophysin-immunoreactive cells have recently been demonstrated in the rat locus coeruleus (A6) and subcoeruleus (A7). Using consecutive 5 microns thick frozen sections, medium-sized cells throughout the locus coeruleus area, but predominantly in the posterior parts of the A6 displayed coexistence for vasopressin and noradrenaline or neurophysin and noradrenaline immunoreactivity. The putative projection areas of putative fibers from vasopressin-containing cells in the locus coeruleus still remain to be elucidated. PMID- 3896393 TI - Alterations in components of the pineal melatonin synthetic pathway by acute insulin stress in the rat and Syrian hamster. AB - Acute insulin stress increased plasma catecholamine levels in both the Syrian hamster and albino rat within 3 h after an intraperitoneal injection of either 5 or 10 units of insulin. In the rat, this stress caused a concurrent increase in pineal serotonin N-acetyltransferase (NAT) activity and melatonin content with no observable change in hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase (HIOMT) activity. In the hamster, on the other hand, acute insulin stress did not alter pineal NAT activity, but depressed both HIOMT activity and melatonin content up to 3 h after the stress. These results present further evidence that catecholamines do not control hamster pineal melatonin synthesis by the same mechanism as observed in the rat. PMID- 3896394 TI - The distribution of angiotensin II-immunoreactive cells and fibers in the paraventriculo-hypophysial system of the rat. AB - Angiotensin II (AII)-immunoreactive cell bodies were found in all parts of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH) in the normal, colchicine treated rat. The greatest concentration of cells was found in the posterior part of the magnocellular division of the nucleus, while scattered cells were found in all 5 parts of the parvocellular division. In comparison, the Brattleboro rat showed similar cell staining in parvocellular parts of the PVH, although a substantial decrease in the number of AII-stained cells was found in the magnocellular division. In the normal animal, fiber staining was evident in both laminae of the median eminence. This immunostaining was selectively enhanced in the internal lamina following water deprivation, and was selectively enhanced in the external lamina following adrenalectomy. The Brattleboro rat was similar to the normal animal with regard to staining of the external lamina, but, consistent with the diminished number of immunoreactive magnocellular neurons, little immunostaining in the internal lamina was detected. Unilateral lesions of the PVH selectively diminished staining of fibers and varicosities in the ipsilateral external lamina, while bilateral lesions virtually eliminated staining on both sides. The findings in the Brattleboro rat indicate that specific subpopulations of both parvocellular and magnocellular neurons in the PVH contain an antigen that is immunologically similar to synthetic AII and unrelated to vasopressin or its prohormone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3896395 TI - Biochemical and histochemical characterization of ranatensin immunoreactive peptides in rat brain: lack of coexistence with bombesin/GRP. AB - An antibody to des-pyroglutamyl ranatensin (RT 2-11) has been prepared and has been used to histochemically and biochemically identify ranatensin-like immunoreactivity (irRT) in the rat brain. The most most prominent stained cell group was situated in the dorsal tegmental pons. Areas of immunoreactive fibers were found in the ventral hippocampus, septal area and the hypothalamus. A similar distribution was found by radioimmunoassay data. The distribution of irRT was compared to that of bombesin-like immunoreactivity (irBN). The two peptides have different though partly overlapping distributions. Gel filtration of brain extracts show that the molecular size of irRT is similar to that of synthetic RT. However, HPLC characterization of irRT indicated that the immunoreactive material is different from synthetic RT and also different from irBN and irGRP. These results indicate the presence of two separate peptide systems, one RT-like, the other BN-like, in the mammalian CNS. PMID- 3896396 TI - Gonadotropin-releasing hormone within the organum vasculosum lamina terminalis in the ovariectomized, estrogen/progesterone-treated rat: a quantitative immunocytochemical study using image analysis. AB - No specific function has been ascribed to the high gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) content of the organum vasculosum lamina terminalis (OVLT). The objective of this study was to determine whether levels of GnRH within the OVLT are altered during cyclic gonadotropin secretion. GnRH levels were determined at various times during an estrogen/progesterone (E/P)-induced LH surge. Groups of E/P and sesame oil-treated animals were decapitated at 12.00 h, 14.00 h, 16.00 h, 18.00 h, and 22.00 h following the P or oil treatment. Morphological localization, as well as quantitation of immunoreactive GnRH within discrete regions of the brain was achieved by combining unlabeled antibody immunocytochemistry with computerized image analysis. Analysis of GnRH levels in the OVLT revealed that at any of the 5 times examined, there was: (1) no significant difference among controls, (2) no significant difference among E/P-treated animals, and (3) no significant difference between E/P-treated versus control animals. In contrast, ME GnRH levels in E/P-treated rats showed the expected decrease prior to the onset of the LH surge. These findings suggest that the level of GnRH detected in axon terminals within the OVLT cannot be related directly to the serum LH status of ovariectomized, E/P-treated rats. It is therefore possible that GnRH within the OVLT might function in a neuromodulatory role, rather than as a direct regulator of cyclic gonadotropin secretion. PMID- 3896397 TI - A monoclonal antibody specific for retinal ganglion cells of mammals. AB - The development of specific markers for retinal ganglion cells is an area of great interest in retinal research. In this study we report on a monoclonal antibody (AB5) which specifically labels ganglion cells in rabbit, cat and monkey, as well as a variety of other mammalian species. Labelling of ganglion cells was also observed in isolated cell preparations of rabbit retina. PMID- 3896398 TI - Effects of the synthetic glucocorticoid betamethasone on the survival of neurons in fetal rabbit brain cell culture. AB - Dissociated fetal rabbit brain cells were grown on petri dishes coated with collagen. Culture medium consisted of Dulbecco's Modified Eagles Medium plus 10% serum. The mitotic inhibitor 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine was added at 6 days for a 2 day period to inhibit over-growth by glial cells and fibroblasts. In some cases cultures were chronically exposed to 0.5, 1.0 or 2.0 microM betamethasone. Examination of cultures by phase microscopy and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) staining demonstrated that cultures incubated with 1.0 and 2.0 microM betamethasone contained 2-2.5 times as many neurons as compared to control cultures. Furthermore, there was an increase in the specific activities of both AChE and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) which were proportional to the increase in neuronal cell numbers obtained from phase microscopy and AChE staining. These results suggested that betamethasone enhanced survival of cholinergic neurons. Cultures were also examined for neuron specific gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) uptake. Again GABA uptake was approximately 2-2.5 times as great in cultures incubated with 1-2 microM betamethasone when compared to controls. Thus, the increase in GABA uptake paralleled the increase in neurons observed by phase microscopy and AChE staining, suggesting that the survival effect of betamethasone was not specific to cholinergic neurons. While betamethasone treated cultures always contained greater numbers of neurons the percentage of neurons lost from all cultures after 2 weeks was the same.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3896399 TI - Localization of GABA immunoreactivity in the auditory brainstem of guinea pigs. AB - Using an antibody against GABA, neurons within the guinea pig hindbrain, midbrain and forebrain auditory nuclei were identified which demonstrate GABA-like immunoreactivity. GABA-positive cells were localized in the cochlear nucleus, superior olivary complex, lateral lemniscus, inferior colliculus, and medial geniculate body. GABA-positive terminals could be seen surrounding globular and spherical cells in ventral cochlear nucleus and principal cells in medial nucleus of the trapezoid body. In addition, numerous positive, punctate terminals appeared throughout the hindbrain auditory nuclei and, although fewer in number, in midbrain and forebrain auditory nuclei. PMID- 3896400 TI - Concerted and predictable acquisition of glial fibrillary acidic protein filaments by a cohort of astroblasts in culture. AB - Primary cultures of the 21 day foetal rat brain contain a cohort of astroblasts that concertedly acquire glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) filaments between the 16th and 18th hour after plating. This burst of cytoskeletal differentiation is not observed in cultures initiated from the 18 day foetal brain and is not effected by the addition of cytosine arabinoside, an inhibitor of glial cell proliferation. PMID- 3896401 TI - Degeneration of cholinergic neurons in the basal nucleus following kainic or N methyl-D-aspartic acid application to the cerebral cortex in the rat. AB - The effect on cholinergic neurons in the basal nucleus of exposing the cortex to excitotoxic amino acids was examined in the rat. Kainic or N-methyl-D-aspartic acid were applied extradurally over the cerebral cortex of one side. This resulted in a severe depletion in the numbers of neurons in the underlying cortex. The immunohistochemically identified cholinergic neurons of the ipsilateral basal nucleus showed a significant shrinkage, -31% of their mean cell area, which was comparable with the retrograde degeneration seen following direct mechanical damage of the cortex. These findings suggest that cholinergic neurons of the basal nucleus can undergo transneuronal retrograde degeneration. PMID- 3896402 TI - Systemic hypoglycemia following central injection of endotoxin in mice. AB - Intracerebroventricular microinjection of endotoxin in mice resulted in powerful hypoglycemia. The effect was reproduced by the biologically active moiety of endotoxin, lipid A, and prevented by coadministration of the polycationic peptide antibiotic polymyxin B (PMB) or by detoxification of endotoxin by means of mild alkaline hydrolysis. Central treatment with PMB also attenuated the hypoglycemic response to systemic administration of endotoxin or lipid A. These results suggest a direct role of the CNS in the mechanism of endotoxin hypoglycemia. PMID- 3896403 TI - Histamine-immunoreactive endocrine cells in the adrenal medulla of the rat. AB - Histamine is widely distributed in various mammalian tissues and it has been shown that histamine is located in mast cells as well as in other structures. Biochemical evidence has been presented that histamine acts as a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. Immunohistochemical studies have demonstrated the location of histamine-immunoreactive neuronal cells in both the central and peripheral nervous system. Biochemical studies have shown that histamine is present in the adrenal gland, while the location of histamine in the adrenal medulla is not known. There is pharmacological and biochemical evidence that exogenous histamine affects the catecholamine secretion of the adrenal medulla. The present study was undertaken to examine the location of histamine in the rat adrenal medulla by an indirect immunofluorescence method using a specific histamine antiserum. We now report the presence of histamine-immunoreactive endocrine cells in the adrenal medulla of the rat and suggest that histamine is located in the noradrenaline-secreting cells. PMID- 3896404 TI - Immunohistochemical analysis of the cross-reaction of anti-rat histidine decarboxylase antibody with guinea-pig DOPA decarboxylase. AB - L-Histidine decarboxylase [L-histidine carboxylyase, HDC, EC 4.1.1.22] is an enzyme distinct from L-DOPA decarboxylase [L-aromatic amino acid carboxylyase, DDC, EC 4.1.1.28]: the two decarboxylases from fetal rat liver were completely separated from each other by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography and by affinity chromatography with L-carnosine as a ligand. The antibody raised against this HDC inhibited the HDC's from rat and guinea-pig brains very strongly, but their DDCs very weakly. However, in immunofluorescent histochemical studies, the antibody cross-reacted with DDC-like immunoreactive structures, such as chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla, the raphe nucleus, the substantia nigra, and the locus coeruleus of the brain of guinea-pigs, but not of rats, suggesting that these two decarboxylases share some antigenic structures. PMID- 3896405 TI - Planar relationships of the semicircular canals in rhesus and squirrel monkeys. AB - The technique of principal-component analysis was used to define anatomically the semicircular canal planes of the rhesus and squirrel monkeys with respect to the stereotaxic coordinate system. The analyses were performed on a series of points obtained from the dissected osseous labyrinths. A planar equation was defined for each canal plane in the stereotaxic coordinate system and angles were calculated between the 3 ipsilateral canal planes, between synergistic canal pairs and between each canal plane and the stereotaxic planes. The data from both species are similar: the ipsilateral canal planes are nearly orthogonal; synergistic pairs of canal planes are approximately parallel with angles of 2 degrees-12 degrees between pairs in the rhesus monkey and 13 degrees-16 degrees between pairs in the squirrel monkey. The horizontal canal planes form angles of 22 degrees and 18 degrees with the horizontal stereotaxic plane in the rhesus and squirrel monkeys, respectively. A head position of 15 degrees (pitch nose-down) was calculated to produce an optimal head position in both species for maximally stimulating the horizontal canals and minimally stimulating the vertical canals during horizontal angular acceleration. The radii of curvature (R) of the horizontal, anterior and posterior canals were also measured for both species using a calibrated reticle. These measurements indicate that the anterior canal of both species has the largest radius of curvature. This anatomical information is discussed in relation to the available physiological data. PMID- 3896406 TI - A regional increase in the number of hippocampal GABAergic neurons and terminals in the seizure-sensitive gerbil. AB - Inhibitory gamma-aminobutyric acidergic (GABAergic) neurons were identified in the dentate gyrus of seizure-sensitive (SS) and seizure-resistant (SR) gerbils by immunocytochemical localization of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), the synthesizing enzyme for GABA. Increases in both the number of GAD+ somata and terminals were found in the dentate gyrus of the SS brains compared to the SR. The magnitude of the increase was positively correlated with the recorded seizure intensity. The increased number of GABAergic neurons in the dentate gyrus of SS gerbils could result in disinhibition of the granule cells, thereby allowing propagation of epileptiform activity through the hippocampus. PMID- 3896407 TI - A marker of early amacrine cell development in rat retina. AB - A monoclonal antibody, HPC-1, labels only amacrine and displaced amacrine cells in adult rat retina. Reactivity with displaced amacrine cells was demonstrated by double-label immunofluorescence with HPC-1 and ganglion cell-specific reagents. HPC-1 antibody reacts with a polypeptide of apparent molecular weight 35,000. HPC 1 antibody labels migrating amacrine cells in late embryonic retinas. The results define cell-specific gene expression in relation to migration of one subclass of CNS neurons. PMID- 3896409 TI - Light and electron microscopic analysis of insulin binding sites on neurons in dissociated brain cell cultures. AB - The distribution of insulin binding sites on primary cultured neurons and glia from the fetal rat was examined by the immunoperoxidase method using a specific insulin receptor antiserum. Light and electron microscopic analysis revealed a homogenous distribution of insulin binding sites on selective neuron-like cells of the dissociated cell culture system. To determine the influence of medium insulin on the distribution of insulin binding sites, dissociated cell cultures were maintained in the presence or absence of porcine insulin for varying time periods. We observed a significant increase in the number of insulin stained neuron-like cells maintained in insulin free defined medium compared to neuron like cells maintained in insulin supplemented defined medium. Further, we examined the distribution of insulin binding sites after incubation with the antibody, which has agonistic properties in peripheral tissues, for varying time periods prior to fixation. Under these conditions, the light microscopic analysis revealed a heterogeneous (patchy) distribution of immunoreactive insulin binding sites, suggesting that the ligand receptor complex migrates. These results demonstrate the presence and distribution of insulin binding sites on neurons maintained in vitro, and provide morphological evidence to support a functional role for insulin in CNS tissues. PMID- 3896408 TI - Diencephalic mechanisms of pain sensation. PMID- 3896410 TI - Metabolic and neurochemical correlates of glucoprivic feeding. AB - Various hypotheses are reviewed concerning the mechanisms of feeding induced by insulin or 2DG. New data are presented to show that elevated plasma ketone levels are not sufficient to suppress 2DG feeding, suggesting that nourishment of the brain either does not occur or is not sufficient to stop 2DG feeding. We find that both acetoacetate and hydroxybutyrate suppress spontaneous feeding. Another series of studies investigated the effects of 2DG and insulin on catecholamine turnover in several brain regions of animals that do (rat, mouse) or do not (hamster) eat in response to these stimuli. The effects of glucoprivic stimuli on NE turnover were minimal; however, 2DG did appear to inhibit DA turnover, especially in nucleus accumbens. Thus, brain NE does not seem specifically involved in glucoprivic feeding, data which are supported by a lack of additivity of feeding induced by 2DG and by clonidine. Finally, to resolve some of the disparate data concerning the effects of glucose infusion on insulin-induced feeding, we examined the time course for effects on feeding and for glucose tolerance. It appears that glucose strongly inhibits feeding only when it is utilized. PMID- 3896411 TI - Naltrexone and human eating behavior: a dose-ranging inpatient trial in moderately obese men. AB - To investigate the effects of the long-acting opiate antagonist naltrexone on spontaneous human eating behavior, eight moderately obese male paid volunteers were housed in a hospital metabolic unit for 28 days and offered palatable foods ad lib by a platter service method. Under double-blind conditions, equally divided doses of 100, 200 and 300 mg naltrexone, or an acetaminophen placebo, were administered twice daily in tablet form for 3-day periods each, according to a Latin Square design. The doses of naltrexone resulted in decreases of daily caloric intake from placebo level, but these reductions were neither statistically significant nor dose-related. When the averaged effects of the doses were compared to placebo, five subjects showed intake reductions but the overall intake reduction of 301.5 +/- 198.1 kcal/day (mean +/- SEM) was not statistically significant. Naltrexone administration failed to selectively alter intakes of individual meals and snacks or macronutrient consumption patterns. During active drug periods, subjects lost 0.62 +/- 0.22 lb over 3 days, while during the placebo period, subjects gained 0.46 +/- 0.68 lb. However, there was no reliable change of basal metabolic rate as a function of naltrexone administration. The present results, which indicate that naltrexone administration is relatively ineffective in reducing food intake and inducing body weight loss in obese humans, are thus in contrast with reports that administration of opiate antagonist agents promote significant reductions of food intake and attenuations of body weight gain in experimental animals. PMID- 3896412 TI - Antiserum-induced growth of axons across lesions of the adult rat brain. AB - Growth of axons across lesions of the adult rat brain occurred when the lesions were treated with a heterologous antiserum developed against lesioned areas of the brain. Rabbits were immunized with blocked dissected damaged rat brain plus adjuvant. The antiserum was prepared by ammonium sulfate precipitation of the immune rabbit sera followed by pepsin digestion to prevent complement-mediated damage to the recipient rats. Rats treated with the antiserum had dense cellular bridges crossing the brain lesions which contained axons. The axons within the dense cellular bridges were newly formed, since they were observed to pass through the center of paper rings which were implanted into the lesion. Individual axons were traced from one side of the lesion, through a dense cellular bridge, and into the tissue on the opposite side of the lesion. Rats lesioned in a similar manner, but treated with either phosphate-buffered saline or normal rabbit serum displayed no such growth. In addition, the limited axonal growth observed was enhanced by increasing the concentration of the antiserum administered. Thus, the antiserum induced the formation of dense cellular bridges and the growth of axons across lesions of the mammalian central nervous system. PMID- 3896413 TI - Fine structural organization of the subfornical organ. A concise review. AB - This review of the subfornical organ, with special emphasis on the rat, summarizes the fine structural characteristics of the capillaries, the access route for blood-borne substances, the ependyma through which cerebrospinal fluid borne substances penetrate the organ, neuronal perikarya, and types of synapses and axons, together with a brief discussion of the principal as yet unresolved problems. PMID- 3896414 TI - Elevated glucose utilization in the subfornical organ during dehydration. AB - We review results from several rat models of dehydration in which increases in the rate of glucose utilization were found in the subfornical organ and in other cerebral structures participating in the regulation of thirst and fluid balance. During chronic saline ingestion, the simplest model of dehydration involving only plasma hypertonicity, glucose utilization in the subfornical organ was normal. In water-sated homozygous Brattleboro rats, in which plasma osmolality and levels of angiotensin II are increased, glucose metabolism in the subfornical organ was 44% higher than in water-sated Long-Evans rats. In a complex model of dehydration, chronic water deprivation which is associated with high levels of plasma osmolality, angiotensin II, and baroreceptor disinhibition, there was a 72% increase in subfornical organ glucose utilization. The results suggest that angiotensin II is an important stimulant of metabolism in the subfornical organ, and that converging stimuli have a synergistic effect on metabolic activity in this structure. PMID- 3896415 TI - [40 years of new socialist health care in Slovakia]. PMID- 3896416 TI - [Detection of IgG and IgM Toxoplasma antibodies using the Czechoslovakian Sevatest ELISA-Toxo-Micro kit]. PMID- 3896417 TI - [Clinical study of the effectiveness and safety of cefadroxil]. PMID- 3896418 TI - [The founding of the Histo-embryology Institute of the Medical School of Comenius University in Bratislava]. PMID- 3896419 TI - The effect of a prostaglandin I2 analogue (OP-41483) on renal function in burned rabbits. AB - It is known that the number of platelets decreases after burn injury. However, the mechanism of such a decrease and its influence on systemic organs have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of OP-41483 (a derivative of the prostaglandin I2 (PGI2) in burned rabbits with special reference to its association with renal function. Full thickness skin loss burns, covering 35 per cent of the total body surface area, were experimentally produced on the back of rabbits. Among the following groups of rabbits (six rabbits each), the time courses of renal function and platelet function were compared; Group I (no treatment), Group II (fluid therapy only), Group III (treated with OP-41483 + fluid therapy; IIIa: 50 ng/kg/min, IIIb: 75 ng/kg/min, IIIc: 100 ng/kg/min). The results show that in Group I, all rabbits died after 8 h. Renal function tests in this group showed a decrease in creatinine clearance and increases in FENa and CH2O. Such changes were improved in Groups IIIb, IIIa and II (in order of the degree of improvement). Group IIIc showed no improvement. As for the platelets the decrease in platelets was the smallest in Group IIIb, where platelets showed no decrease until 8 h after injury and the fibrinogen concentration increased. No improvement was found in Group IIIc by our tests, presumably owing to an overdose of OP-41483. The optimal dose of OP-41483 for improving the renal function of burned rabbits was 75 ng/kg/min in our study. PMID- 3896420 TI - Amnion overlay meshed skin autograft. AB - Meshed skin autografts are conventionally dressed with fine petrolatum gauzes. Pain and haemorrhage are a frequent sequel to changing dressings in the early days after grafting. We have explored the use of amnion to overlay the meshed autograft (3:1) in addition to the fine petrolatum gauze. Eleven patients with 24 burn wounds were treated. The amnion provided good protection to the underlying meshed autograft and the neoepithelium. It did not block the re-epithelialization and may have promoted the healing process. Most of the grafts had healed completely by 7 days after application. Pain and haemorrhage were markedly reduced. The non-antigenic nature, adherent quality and inexpensive cost makes amnion a promising biological dressing for meshed autografts. PMID- 3896421 TI - Application of immunohistochemical methods in the diagnosis of malignant disease. PMID- 3896422 TI - Combination chemotherapy in breast cancer: a 15-year perspective. PMID- 3896423 TI - [Posterior restorations of light-cured composite resins. Direct formation using molds of the masticatory surfaces]. PMID- 3896424 TI - [Factors determining the choice of alloy in ceramo-metal dentures]. PMID- 3896425 TI - [Anticipated milled crowns: prosthetic strategy]. PMID- 3896426 TI - [Use of an aluminum alloy as a base in complete dentures]. PMID- 3896427 TI - [Primary mucostatic impressions for removable complete dentures]. PMID- 3896428 TI - [The Cahiers is 25 years old]. PMID- 3896429 TI - [Computer-assisted instruction and an expert system]. PMID- 3896430 TI - The new Easyfill syringe from Coe. PMID- 3896431 TI - Halitosis: a review. PMID- 3896433 TI - The pulmonary circulation in children with congenital heart disease: morphologic and morphometric considerations. PMID- 3896432 TI - Epidural morphine prophylaxis of postoperative pain: report of a double-blind multicentre study. AB - In a double-blind placebo-controlled trial, 154 subjects, having intraperitoneal surgery or Caesarean section, and 53 patients undergoing lower limb orthopaedic surgery, received epidural morphine, 5 mg in 10 ml 0.9 per cent NaCl, or placebo, 10 ml 0.9 per cent NaCl, intraoperatively to determine duration of action and efficacy in preventing postoperative pain. Epidural morphine gave significantly longer postoperative analgesia (greater than 11 h) than placebo (3-6 h) in both groups (p less than 0.05) and patients who received morphine required less postoperative analgesic. Obstetric subjects experienced longer pain relief (18.3 +/- 1.3 h) than patients undergoing non-obstetric intraperitoneal surgery (9.2 +/ 1.2 h) (p less than 0.001). Generally mild pruritus affected more than 40 per cent of those receiving morphine, but over 90 per cent of obstetric patients receiving morphine. Respiratory depression occurred in 2-7 per cent of subjects who received morphine; unpredictable in onset, it responded rapidly to naloxone. Epidural bupivacaine, if employed for the surgical procedure, appeared to prolong epidural morphine analgesia. We consider epidural morphine useful in preventing postoperative pain, but its use demands close observation of respiratory rate in a high density nursing area. PMID- 3896434 TI - Computers in anaesthesia. PMID- 3896435 TI - Why failing students pass. A position paper. PMID- 3896438 TI - A study of dental habits, knowledge and opinions of nursing mothers. PMID- 3896436 TI - Woodcarving for dentists. Creative stressbreaking. PMID- 3896437 TI - Table top artificial sweeteners. Current use in Canada. PMID- 3896439 TI - A summary of the results of the National Preventive Dentistry Demonstration Program. PMID- 3896440 TI - [Nerve damage. An occurrence or complication common in dentistry]. PMID- 3896441 TI - "Low blows" in television advertising? PMID- 3896442 TI - A survey of periodontal conditions in Saskatchewan adolescents. PMID- 3896443 TI - Methyl methacrylate. Is it safe? PMID- 3896444 TI - Root caries. Is it the caries problem of the future? PMID- 3896445 TI - Motor skill: feedback, knowledge, and structural issues. PMID- 3896446 TI - Ectopic pregnancy. AB - Ectopic pregnancy is no longer dependent on laparotomy for definitive diagnosis. When patients present with massive hemoperitoneum, the diagnosis is usually obvious; but most patients do not present this way, so diagnostic aids are required. Culdocentesis is associated with unusually high false-negative and false-positive results. Laparoscopy is accurate but is an invasive procedure unwarranted in most cases for diagnosis. Although it is unusual to make the diagnosis of unruptured ectopic pregnancy by ultrasonography alone, when ultrasonography is combined with quantitative beta-subunit determinations of human chorionic gonadotropin, many ectopic pregnancies can be diagnosed before rupture occurs. The treatment of the woman with a ruptured ectopic pregnancy and in shock is immediate laparotomy and salpingectomy. Salpingostomy with removal of the ectopic mass and preservation of the tube may enhance a patient's subsequent fertility and may be useful in carefully selected women. PMID- 3896447 TI - Pierre Masson: his influence on the teaching of pathology in Canada. PMID- 3896448 TI - Australian conflicts in health care. PMID- 3896449 TI - John Stewart's case of sudden death: a reassessment. PMID- 3896450 TI - Management of localized non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. AB - Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs) are a heterogeneous group of disorders that vary widely in response to therapy. In Canada the modified Rappaport classification is used to categorize NHL. To facilitate the reporting and comparison of treatment results all cases should also be categorized in the terminology of the National Cancer Institute's working formulation. The choice of therapy should be guided by specific prognostic factors: stage and bulk of the disease, patient's age, presence of systemic symptoms and histologic subtype. Of these, the last appears to be the most important. Radiotherapy (RT) is the treatment of choice in localized low-grade lymphomas with favourable prognoses, while bimodal therapy (RT and chemotherapy [CT]) is warranted in presentations with unfavourable prognoses. Regional irradiation alone is indicated in intermediate-grade lymphomas with good prognoses (i.e., pathological stage I or II or clinical stage IA or IIA localized disease of small bulk in young patients). All other patients require CT followed by RT. The results of CT alone are encouraging but remain experimental. Aggressive therapy with multidrug regimens that include central nervous system prophylaxis is the foundation for successful treatment of high grade NHL such as lymphoblastic lymphoma and diffuse small-noncleaved-cell lymphomas. Low-dose RT should be given to sites of bulky disease. PMID- 3896451 TI - Sex and schizophrenia. PMID- 3896452 TI - Schizophrenia: an amotivational syndrome in men. AB - A series of studies of the phenomenology and biochemistry of schizophrenia suggests that the fundamental nature of schizophrenia differs in men and women. In men, schizophrenia appears to be an amotivational syndrome possibly mediated by dopaminergic underactivity; in women, schizophrenia is perhaps best conceptualized as an affective disorder variant. PMID- 3896453 TI - Schizophrenia: sex differences. AB - This paper reports epidemiological findings which support the hypothesis that the influence of gender on schizophrenia is a significant, transcultural phenomenon. Male/female differences in the illness are discussed with particular attention to age of onset, chronicity and prodromal personality characteristics. Evidence is presented indicating additional male/female contrasts in the incidence of birth complications, seasonality of birth, and birth order. The author refers to cognitive as well as neurobiological differences between the sexes in the general population which can elucidate differences in the nature and expression of schizophrenia. PMID- 3896454 TI - Differentiation between benign and malignant disease of the breast using digital subtraction angiography of the breast. AB - The authors have investigated digital subtraction angiography (DSA) for the differential diagnosis of breast lesions detected initially by mammography. Eighteen patients scheduled for biopsy first underwent digital subtraction angiography of the breast (DSAB). Criteria for malignancy included the presence of abnormal vessels and a "blush" in the area of the lesion. A total of 17 lesions are currently available for histopathologic correlation. Although this is a small series, the initial results of DSAB suggest its potential utility for differentiating between benign and malignant lesions. PMID- 3896455 TI - A randomized comparative trial of combined versus alternating therapy with cytostatic drugs and high-dose medroxyprogesteron acetate in advanced breast cancer. AB - A prospective multicenter trial was conducted in 155 consecutive patients with Stage IV breast cancer randomly allocated to receive either (1) vincristin (V) 1.2 mg/m2 (maximum dose, 2 mg), Adriamycin (A) (doxorubicin) 40 mg/m2, and cyclophosphamide (C) 500 mg/m2, all intravenously on day 1, every 4 weeks, in combination with medroxyprogesteron acetate (MPA) 600 mg orally on days 1 through 14, 500 mg intramuscularly on days 1 through 28, and twice weekly afterwards (combined chemoendocrine approach) or (2) the same combination chemotherapy (VAC) for three cycles alternating with MPA in the above-mentioned dosage during 8 weeks (alternating chemoendocrine approach). Results show an overall response rate of 73% with 26% complete responses in the combined treatment arm, whereas in the alternating arm, an overall response rate of 76% with 20% complete responses was observed. In patients with more than one metastatic site, response rate was higher in the combination treatment, and only in this arm were complete responses observed in these patients. Although the median duration of response was long in both treatment arms (combination, 19 months versus alternating, 21 months), the median overall survival in both groups was not definitely prolonged (22 versus 24 months, respectively). However, results in subsets of patients suggest that the alternating chemoendocrine approach may be better for estrogen receptor (ER) negative patients, for patients younger than 51 years of age, and for patients with a disease-free interval of 1 year or less. Patients with these parameters probably belong to the same population. It is concluded that combination of chemotherapy and high-dose MPA may be indicated in ER-positive patients when a clinical response is urgently needed. In ER-negative patients, the alternating use of both treatment modalities deserves further investigation. PMID- 3896456 TI - Harnessing T-lymphocytes for human cancer immunotherapy. AB - After nearly a decade of controversy, the concept of adoptive immunotherapy in humans is gaining greater acceptance. More recently, investigators have made use immunotherapeutically of T-lymphocytes nonspecifically activated in vitro by a number of agents, including lymphokines, lectins, and autologous and allogeneic tumor cells. The limitations for the investigational use of these highly specialized and "educated" lymphocytes have been the inability to generate sufficient numbers of cells in vitro for adoptive transfer experiments and to sustain their growth over long periods of time. While marked success has been demonstrated over the years in tumor-bearing animal models, the feasibility of such work in humans has been greatly improved by the experimental expansion and maintenance of immune lymphocytes (those exposed to antigenic challenge) in vitro using either highly purified or recombinant, interleukin 2. As a result, large numbers of lymphocytes can successfully be infused into patients, and whole body scans can show migration of these labeled cells to the lung, liver, and spleen. The use of nontoxic, nonspecific activated "killer" lymphocytes is an innovative approach with enormous potential. This report presents discussion of these findings and addresses the issue of an alternative approach to cancer treatment therapy, the in vivo use of cloned cytotoxic T-lymphocytes sensitized to the autologous tumor. PMID- 3896457 TI - Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for acute leukemia refractory to induction chemotherapy. AB - This article compares the outcome of 14 patients with primary refractory acute leukemia who underwent bone marrow transplantation from human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-identical donors with that of 18 age-matched control patients who received chemotherapy. Complete clearing of leukemia was seen in all 14 transplanted patients. Five of the transplanted patients are alive 98 to 1790 days posttransplant, and four are free of leukemia. Nine patients have died, eight with severe graft-versus-host disease associated with interstitial pneumonia or systemic infections and one with relapse from chemotherapy-associated infections. Engraftment was seen in all patients. Severe graft-versus-host disease (grades III and IV) was seen in ten patients and resolved in three patients following high-dose corticosteroid treatment. Three of the 18 control patients are alive, none of them in complete remission. It appears that the combination of piperazinedione and total-body irradiation followed by allogeneic transplant is effective induction treatment for primary refractory acute leukemia and will be considered in the future as first salvage treatment for patients failing induction treatment. PMID- 3896458 TI - Trial of early detection of breast cancer by mass screening. AB - Since 1977, mass screening for breast cancer has been conducted in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. The main activities consist of itinerant screening in the communities and group screening at the workplace. In addition, examinations were also carried out at a detection center. The total number of subjects examined was 90,076 in mass screening, with 4172 (4.6%) of them requiring a second examination. The overall breast cancer detection rate was 0.12% in the mass screening. In contrast, it was 3.1% at the center examination. Cytologic studies of nipple discharge were performed on 31,833 subjects. Positive findings were seen in 4 (0.004%). The incidence of smaller tumors was higher and that of nodal metastasis was lower in subsequent examinations than in the initial screening. In the high-risk group, who also underwent mammography at first screening, the detection rate was higher than that among general subjects examined. PMID- 3896459 TI - Characterization of a feminizing testicular Leydig cell tumor by hormonal profile, immunocytochemistry, and tissue culture. AB - A patient with gynecomastia and a nonpalpable testicular Leydig cell tumor is presented. Estradiol and progesterone levels were elevated whereas serum testosterone was reduced. Following removal of the tumor the hormonal values returned to normal with reduction of gynecomastia. Tumor tissue was maintained in culture for 9 days during which high estradiol levels as well as lesser quantities of testosterone and progesterone were demonstrated in the culture medium. Elevation of progesterone supports a block of 17 alpha-hydroxylase activity caused by increased endogenous estradiol. This is the first case of a cultured feminizing testicular Leydig cell tumor in which hormone production was demonstrated. The freshly removed tumor as well as the cultured tissue material were studied by immunocytochemical methods and biochemical analysis of cytoskeletal proteins. These methods revealed vimentin as the exclusive type intermediate sized filament in both. This is the first demonstration of vimentin in a Leydig cell tumor, in agreement with its occurrence in normal Leydig cells. PMID- 3896460 TI - Participants in prospective, randomized clinical trials for resected non-small cell lung cancer have improved survival compared with nonparticipants in such trials. AB - The survival of 78 patients with resected non-small cell lung cancer entered in prospective, randomized investigational trials is compared to that of a population-based group of control patients not included in such trials. The survival of trial patients is significantly better than that of controls (P less than 0.001). This survival advantage for trial participants is most apparent among late Stage I patients, and is observed after matching for known prognostic factors (i.e., primary tumor size, nodal status, tumor histology) and after adjusting in the analysis for age, sex, and the administration of radiation therapy. Several explanations for the improved outcome for trial patients are explored, including differences in preoperative evaluation, staging, surgical technique, placebo effects, and patient motivation. These results suggest the possibility that inclusion in these controlled cancer trials may have had an inherent advantage for all participants. PMID- 3896461 TI - Criteria and definitions for response and relapse in children with brain tumors. AB - Traditional criteria and definitions for response and relapse are not completely suitable for children with brain tumors. Response and relapse for brain tumors need to be defined using the most objective criteria available, that is, the computed tomography (CT) scan findings. Relapse may also be defined by myelography, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, or biopsy of extraneural disease. Standardization of response and relapse will lead to meaningful comparisons of patients treated with various therapies. PMID- 3896462 TI - Classification and grading of childhood brain tumors. Overview and statement of the problem. PMID- 3896463 TI - The "ideal" classification of pediatric central nervous system neoplasms. AB - The "ideal" classification of pediatric brain tumors will depend on a full characterization of pathologic variables and their influence on prognosis. Currently available information about these variables remains incomplete, even for traditional histologic and cytologic features, and certainly for those studied by the newer methods that will continue to appear. In light of the multiplicity and specialized nature of some of the techniques that are or will become available, it is suggested that specific pediatric central nervous system neoplasms be targeted for study by groups of pathologists according to a protocol that delegates specific studies to specific individuals. In light of the large number of cases required, as well as the need to control for effects of different treatments, such studies are most readily done within the framework of large cooperative clinical trials. Such organizations provide the mechanism to test the biologic significance of pathologic findings that can then be used in the ideal classification. PMID- 3896464 TI - Comments on the clinical investigation of brain tumors in children. PMID- 3896465 TI - Heterogeneity of Ia antigen expression by proliferating nonlymphocytic leukemia blast cells. AB - In vitro systems were used to detect Ia-like antigens on proliferating normal myeloid and acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) blast cells. Incubation of normal bone marrow cells with a monoclonal anti-Ia antibody and complement resulted in toxicity for both granulocyte/macrophage progenitors (CFU-GM) (toxicity 79%-100%) and cells proliferating in liquid culture in response to placenta-conditioned medium colony-stimulating factor (CSF) or medium conditioned by normal, phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated mononuclear cells. In contrast, effects of anti-Ia antibody and complement on blast colony-forming cells and 3H TdR incorporation in liquid culture from eight patients with ANLL were variable. Colony growth with CSF after treatment was 0% to 91% of control growth and did not correlate with display of Ia-like antigens. Survival of ANLL cells growing in liquid cultures was even more variable after anti-Ia+ complement treatment (28% 227% of control). The presence of Ia-like antigens did not distinguish ANLL cells responding to PHA-conditioned medium from those responding to CSF in either colony or liquid culture. Dose-response curves for ANLL cells in liquid culture were similar before and after treatment with anti-Ia+ complement. In contrast to normal myeloid precursor cells, which show uniform display of Ia-like antigens, display of Ia antigen by proliferating leukemia cells is highly variable from patient to patient. Anti-Ia reagents such as this one would not be effective in treating ANLL marrow for autologous transplantation. PMID- 3896466 TI - Acute nonlymphocytic leukemia following gastric adenocarcinoma treated by surgery alone. Evidence for etiologic heterogeneity of "secondary" leukemias. AB - The case of a 36-year-old Hispanic man who developed acute nonlymphocytic leukemia 18 months following gastric adenocarcinoma treated by surgery alone is presented. Cytogenetic analysis of the leukemic cells revealed numerical and structural chromosomal rearrangements including chromosomes 5 and 7 and immunologic characterization of the blasts revealed terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase positivity with monocytoid features. This report suggests that not all cases of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia following chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy, which characteristically display similar cytogenetic and immunologic features, should be exclusively ascribed to the leukemogenic properties of anticancer treatment. PMID- 3896467 TI - Soft tissue sarcomas arising in the retroperitoneal space in children. A report from the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study (IRS) Committee. AB - One hundred one eligible children with soft-tissue sarcomas arising within the retroperitoneal space have been registered on Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study Committee (IRS) studies I and II and followed for at least 2 years or until death. The most common presenting symptoms and signs were pain in the abdomen or lower extremities, and/or an abdominal mass, usually noted by a parent or a physician seeing the child for other complaints. The median age at diagnosis was 6.5 years and the sex ratio (M/F) 1.7:1. Histologic types were embryonal or botryoid rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) in 58 patients, alveolar RMS in 8, pleomorphic RMS in 2, undifferentiated sarcoma in 20, extraosseous Ewing's sarcoma in 4 and unspecified sarcoma in 9. Median tumor size was 10 cm, significantly larger than the 7.5 cm noted in the IRS studies as a whole (P less than 0.05). One patient had complete tumor removal (Group I); 12 had grossly complete removal with microscopic residual tumor (Group II). Fifty-one patients had residual local tumor after biopsy or partial resection (Group III) and 37 patients had distant metastases at diagnosis (Group IV). Treatment included surgery, radiation therapy (RT) and combination chemotherapy with vincristine and actinomycin D with or without cyclophosphamide and Adriamycin (doxorubicin) according to protocol. Thirty-nine of 99 patients (39%) had major difficulties in the delivery of specified RT. Seventy patients received sufficient therapy to be evaluable for treatment response. Forty-one (58%) achieved a complete remission and 16 (23%) achieved partial remission. Twenty-four of 41 children (59%) achieving a CR have relapsed. The proportion of children who remained relapse-free at 2 and 3 years of follow-up was 44% or 42%, respectively. Overall, 40 children have developed recurrent sarcoma and the median disease-free interval and overall survival times were 54 and 88 weeks, respectively. Most children experienced severe myelosuppression; there were three early deaths from infection which occurred during granulocytopenic periods. One third of the patients experienced cystitis. Children with soft-tissue sarcomas arising in the retroperitoneal space have a poor prognosis associated with large tumors which, because of location and/or extent (Groups III or IV), are unresectable and difficult to treat. PMID- 3896468 TI - Nucleoside 5'-triphosphate analogs as positive and negative effectors of mammalian ribonucleotide reductase. AB - Ribonucleotide reductase activity is strongly regulated by nucleoside 5' triphosphates acting as positive and negative effectors. With the use of dGTP analogs, araGTP and dITP, it was found that the structural requirements of dGTP to serve as a positive effector of ADP reductase were not the same as the requirements for dGTP to serve as a negative effector of CDP and ADP reductase activities. The dTTP analogs methylenedTTP and dideoxyTTP also gave different responses in terms of activating GDP reductase activity and inhibiting CDP and ADP reductase activities. Etheno-ATP and etheno-dATP were inactive as positive and negative effectors, respectively, of CDP reductase activity. DideoxyATP was less active than dATP as a negative effector. Formycin ATP was a very poor substitute for ATP as a positive effector of CDP reductase. These studies indicate that the effector sites are very specific in terms of binding nucleoside triphosphates as positive or negative modulators of ribonucleotide reductase activity. PMID- 3896469 TI - Effects of streptozotocin-induced diabetes and insulin on phospholipid content of R3230AC mammary tumor cells. AB - The influence of diabetes and insulin treatment on the phospholipid content of R3230AC mammary tumors, a hormonally responsive neoplasm, was studied. Diabetes was induced by administration of streptozotocin 3 days prior to tumor implantation. Protamine zinc insulin, 3 IU/rat twice daily, was administered to tumor-bearing rats for 3 days. Enzymatically dissociated tumor cells from diabetic animals showed significant increases in phosphatidyl choline, lysophosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidyl serine, phosphatidyl inositol, and phosphatidic acid, compared to controls. Diabetic animals treated with insulin displayed reductions in phosphatidyl choline, lysophosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidyl serine, phosphatidyl inositol, and phosphatidic acid to levels approximating those found in intact (control) animals. However, neither diabetes nor insulin treatment altered sphingomyelin levels. Mammary tumor cells from diabetic animals showed a 21% increase in DNA content compared to that in intact controls and treatment of diabetic animals with insulin lowered DNA level significantly. The responsiveness of both phospholipids and DNA content to changes in the insulin milieu of the host suggest that phospholipids may play an important role in mediating the effects of insulin on growth of R3230AC tumors. PMID- 3896470 TI - Insulin reversal of cancer cachexia in rats. AB - The anabolic effects of exogenous neutral protamine hagedorn insulin on tumor bearing (TB) and non-tumor-bearing (NTB) rats were examined. Exogenous insulin (2 units/100 g/day) produced similar hypoglycemia in TB and NTB rats. Food intake and body weight gain were significantly increased by insulin in NTB rats. In TB rats in an early stage of cachexia, insulin increased food intake and host weight (total body weight minus tumor weight). In TB rats with severe cachexia, insulin increased food intake and stabilized host weight when untreated TB controls were not eating and were losing weight. When daily insulin administration was started at an early stage of tumor growth and continued until death, there was again significant enhancement of host weight and food intake. Heart and adrenal weights were significantly reduced in insulin-treated TB animals. Tumor growth was not stimulated by insulin treatment. Survival time was slightly reduced in TB rats treated with long-term insulin. Survival time in TB rats randomized to insulin during late cachectic decline was not different from untreated TB controls. Insulin did not have any measurable effect on energy expenditure or the motor activity compartment of energy expenditure in either TB or NTB rats. Insulin treatment can reverse experimental cancer cachexia. It is a nutritional therapy which preferentially feeds the host over the tumor. As yet, its beneficial effects have not prolonged survival of tumor-bearing animals. PMID- 3896471 TI - An immunocytochemical and ultrastructural study of heterogeneity in the human breast carcinoma cell line PMC42. AB - A recently established human breast carcinoma cell line has been reported to exhibit a number of morphological cell types in monolayer cultures as defined by phase-contrast microscopy. The cell line also produces cords of viable cells floating within the culture medium. Cultures of this cell line, grown in monolayer, on collagen gels, and as floating cords of cells, were studied by transmission electron microscopy and immunocytochemistry. A detailed analysis of the staining pattern obtained with a series of monoclonal antibodies with well defined human breast epithelial cell specificities and a polyclonal antikeratin antibody showed PMC42 to resemble cultures of both normal human breast and other human breast carcinoma cell lines. The pleomorphic nature of PMC42 cultures was confirmed at an ultrastructural level, and of the eight cell types observed by phase-contrast appearance, seven ultrastructural counterparts were observed. In addition, the presence of intracytoplasmic lumina and overt epithelial differentiation confirm a breast epithelial origin for this cell line. PMID- 3896472 TI - Effect of retinoids on the growth, ultrastructure, and cytoskeletal structures of malignant rat osteoblasts. AB - A clonal rat osteogenic sarcoma cell line, UMR 106-06, was used to study the effects of retinoic acid (RA) on its growth and morphology. Retinoic acid caused a reversible, time and dose-dependent inhibition of growth. RA-treated cells were larger, were more adherent to the substratum, and contained fewer mitotic figures. Half-maximal growth inhibition was observed at 10(-8) M. Among the naturally occurring retinoids, RA was clearly the most potent while the arotinoids, Ro 13-7410 and Ro 13-6298, were approximately 50 times more potent than was RA. A similar range of potencies was observed in the cloning efficiencies of the cells in soft agar. Fluorescence microscopy revealed that RA treatment increased the cellular content and organization of F-actin fibers. Ultrastructural changes include decreased chromatin dispersion and increased number of nucleoli per nucleus, decreased rough endoplasmic reticulum, decreased electron density and number of mitochondria, and increased formation of microfilaments and microtubules. These results identify this clonal cell line, which has been extensively characterized as the malignant counterpart of the normal osteoblast, as a target for vitamin A action. PMID- 3896473 TI - Obligate genetic expression in tumor cells of a fetal membrane property mediating "folate" transport: biological significance and implications for improved therapy of human cancer. PMID- 3896474 TI - Comparative in vitro effects of cyclophosphamide derivatives on murine bone marrow-derived stromal and hemopoietic progenitor cell classes. AB - We investigated the in vitro effects of ASTA-Z-7595, ASTA-Z-7557, ASTA-Z-7654, and 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide (4HC) on murine stromal fibroblastoid colony forming units, committed hemopoietic progenitors (erythroid burst-forming units and granulocyte/macrophage colony-forming units), and pluripotent hemopoietic stem cells assayed by the spleen colony-forming unit (CFU-s) assay. In general, the drugs showed a time-and dose-dependent effect on colony-forming unit survival, and the relative toxicities were in the order in which the drugs are listed above. We found a relative sparing of day 12 CFU-s compared with day 7 CFU s and committed hemopoietic and stromal progenitors, although colony size of day 12 CFU-s was reduced. Our results support two possible mechanisms for delayed or inadequate hemopoietic reconstitution in clinical studies using bone marrow purged with 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide or ASTA-Z-7557, i.e., damage to (a) transplantable stromal cells or (b) the hemopoietic stem cells. PMID- 3896475 TI - Metabolism of 6-methylbenz[a]anthracene by rat liver microsomes and mutagenicity of metabolites. AB - 6-Methylbenz[a]anthracene (6-MBA) is metabolized by rat liver microsomes to form 3-hydroxy-6-MBA, 4-hydroxy-6-MBA, 5-hydroxy-6-MBA, 6-MBA trans-3,4-, 5,6-, 8,9-, and 10,11-dihydrodiols, and 4-hydroxy-6-MBA trans-10,11-dihydrodiol as the identifiable metabolites. 6-Hydroxymethylbenz[a]anthracene and its phenolic and dihydrodiol metabolites are also formed. The unique metabolites identified in 6 MBA metabolism are 6-MBA trans-5,6-dihydrodiol and 4-hydroxy-6-MBA trans-10,11 dihydrodiol. Metabolites were isolated by reversed-phase and normal-phase high performance liquid chromatographies and identified by UV-visible absorption, mass, and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectral analyses. Metabolites formed by low and high concentrations of liver microsomal enzymes from untreated, phenobarbital-treated, and 3-methylcholanthrene-treated male Sprague-Dawley rats were quantified by using [3H]6-MBA, with the tritium labeled at the methyl carbon, and liquid scintillation counting of fractions collected from reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Metabolic formations of 6 hydroxymethylbenz[a]anthracene, 6-MBA trans-dihydrodiols, and 4-hydroxy-6-MBA trans-10,11-dihydrodiol are highly dependent on the contents of cytochrome P-450 isozymes present in liver microsomes. The relative mutagenic activities of metabolites toward Salmonella typhimurium TA100 are: 6-MBA trans-3,4-dihydrodiol greater than 6-MBA trans-8,9-dihydrodiol greater than 6-MBA greater than 6-MBA trans-10,11-dihydrodiol greater than 4-hydroxy-6-MBA congruent to 4-hydroxy-6-MBA trans-10,11-dihydrodiol. The relatively high mutagenic activities of 6-MBA trans 3,4-dihydrodiol and 6-MBA trans-8,9-dihydrodiol suggest that both 6-MBA trans-3,4 dihydrodiol 1,2-epoxide(s) and 6-MBA trans-8,9-dihydrodiol 10,11-epoxide(s) may be the major metabolites which contribute to the carcinogenic properties of 6 MBA. PMID- 3896476 TI - A comparative study of the cytotoxicity and DNA-damaging effects of cis (diammino)(1,1-cyclobutanedicarboxylato)-platinum(II) and cis diamminedichloroplatinum(II) on L1210 cells. AB - Utilizing the DNA alkaline elution technique we have compared qualitatively and quantitatively the DNA lesions produced in L1210 cells after a 2 h exposure to the antitumor agents, cis-(diammino) (1,1-cyclobutanedicarboxylato)-platinum(II) (CBDCA) and cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (DDP). DNA-protein and DNA interstrand cross-links are formed in cells exposed to either CBDCA or DDP. However, in comparison to DDP peak levels of these lesions occur 6 to 12 h later in CBDCA treated cells. Cytotoxicity studies reveal that CBDCA is 45 times less potent than DDP to L1210 cells when compared on a molar basis. The decreased cytotoxicity of CBDCA and the 12 h delay in peak cross-linking when compared to DDP is interpreted as a decreased reactivity of the intact CBDCA towards the DNA. This decreased reactivity may be due in part to the presence of a stable bidentate dicarboxylate chelate ring structure of CBDCA resulting in a much slower rate of hydrolysis to the active form of the drug. PMID- 3896477 TI - Hyperthermia-induced changes in antigen expression on human FME melanoma cells. AB - Quantitative changes in the expression of three melanoma-associated antigens on human FME cells were studied by means of flow cytometry as a function of time after exposure to hyperthermia (42 degrees C for 1, 2, and 3 h; 43.5 degrees C for 1 and 2 h; 45 degrees C for 20 min). The expression of the three different surface antigens p250, p210, and p97a recognized by the monoclonal antibodies 9.2.27, 5.1, and 4.1, respectively, underwent qualitatively similar changes after hyperthermia. The antigen expression was reduced immediately after end of the treatment and decreased further to reach a minimum 1 day after treatment. Then the antigen expression gradually increased and reached a maximum above the level for unheated cells before it returned to this level about 1 wk after hyperthermia. The magnitude of these effects increased with increasing temperature and with increasing heating time at a given temperature. Quantitatively there were individual variations for the three different antigens. A positive correlation was found between the surviving fraction of the cells and the minimum level of antigen expression, indicating that different heat treatments which inactivated the same number of cells induced the same reduction in antigen expression. The demonstrated therapy-induced changes in antigen expression may be of importance for the use of monoclonal antibodies in diagnostic imaging of tumor tissue after hyperthermia or as therapeutic agents in combination treatments involving hyperthermia. PMID- 3896478 TI - A monoclonal antibody (AB/3) reactive with human breast cancer. AB - Monoclonal antibody AB/3 was produced from a fusion of spleen cells of a human breast cancer cell-primed BALB/c mouse with the murine myeloma cell line P3-NS1 Ag4-1. The antibody reacted strongly with the plasma membrane of human breast cancer cells. Tissue sections of both malignant and benign human mammary carcinomas and tumors of non-breast origin as well as apparently normal tissues were tested with immunoperoxidase. Ninety-six of 124 (77%) primary human breast cancers, 12 of 14 (86%) metastatic breast lesions, and 12 of 44 (27%) benign breast lesions reacted positively. Little or no appreciable reactivity was observed with apparently normal human tissues and carcinomas of non-breast origin, with the exception of colon carcinoma. Antibody AB/3 did not immunoprecipitate any identifiable protein from radiolabeled extracts of the immunizing cell line. PMID- 3896479 TI - Response of nude mouse-grown adenocarcinomas of the human exocrine pancreas to cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II), diammine[1,1-cyclobutanedicarboxylato(2-)-O,O' platinum], and mitoguazone dihydrochloride. AB - The effect of cisplatin, carboplatin, and mitoguazone dihydrochloride on pancreatic cancer was evaluated using pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas Capan-1, Capan-2, and PR54 grown in the nude mouse. In single agent treatments, cisplatin, given in the amount of 5 mg/kg once/week for 4 consecutive weeks, was most effective, resulting in tumor regression, growth arrest, and a growth delay period of 6 and 4 months for tumors Capan-1 and PR54, respectively. Treatment with carboplatin was less effective, with a tumor response related to treatment schedule. For the same amount of total dose of carboplatin administered, best results were obtained when treatment was given 3 times weekly instead of in single weekly injections. Mitoguazone dihydrochloride exhibited no antitumor effect. The results of the present work may be of significance in the management of pancreatic cancer patients. PMID- 3896480 TI - Production and characterization of mouse monoclonal antibodies to human bladder tumor-associated antigens. AB - Monoclonal antibodies (McAbs) to human bladder carcinoma were generated by fusion of NS-1 mouse myeloma cells with spleen cells from BALB/c mice immunized with either cultured human bladder cancer cells or cells obtained from a fresh surgically removed bladder tumor. Four hybridomas which reacted strongly with bladder tumor cells and not to normal skin fibroblasts or urothelial cells were identified and cloned by limiting dilution to obtain monoclonality. One McAb, 3G2 C6, raised with cultured tumor bladder cells MGH-U1 (EJ) as the immunogen reacted more strongly to the bladder tumor lines tested than any of the other McAbs resulting from various fusion experiments. Hybridoma 3G2-C6 was found to secrete murine immunoglobulin G1 and to produce high titer ascites fluid when grown in BALB/c mice. Results from quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays on a panel of more than 35 cell lines demonstrated that McAb 3G2-C6 reacted with several bladder tumor cell lines 50 to 90 times more than with normal transitional urothelium. Two kidney and two testicular tumor lines also bound 10 times more 3G2-C6 than with normal cells. The 3G2-C6 antigen was only marginally detected on a number of other cancer and noncancerous cells tested such as breast and lung tumor cells, melanoma, fetal cells, and peripheral blood lymphocytes. To identify the antigen 125I-labeled membrane components from MGH-U1 cells were extracted with detergent, immunoprecipitated with Protein-A bound 3G2-C6, and analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis. This revealed that McAb 3G2-C6 binds to a Mr 90,000 cell surface component. Indirect immunofluorescence microscopy with fluorescein isothiocyanate-anti-mouse immunoglobulin G also identified the antigen on the surface of cultured and fresh tumor cells and detected the antigen on 16 of 17 Grade 3 bladder tumor specimens as well as on some kidney and testicular tumor cells. This study confirms the potential of the hybridoma technique for producing McAbs capable of identifying tumor associated antigens which may be useful in the diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer. PMID- 3896481 TI - Pharmacokinetic and biochemical studies on acivicin in phase I clinical trials. AB - Acivicin pharmacokinetics were studied in Phase I patients receiving i.v. treatment on single-dose or daily x5 (daily times five doses) regimens repeated every 3 weeks. In 14 patients, the time course of plasma concentrations was characterized by a biexponential equation with a terminal (elimination-phase) half-life of 9.92 +/- 3.91 h (mean +/- SD), distribution phase half-life of 0.32 +/- 0.28 h, total body clearance of 1.69 +/- 0.48 liters/h/m2, and volume of distribution of 21.79 +/- 2.94 liters/m2. Acivicin kinetics appeared to be dose independent over the range of 8.5-150 mg/m2/day. Urinary excretion of intact acivicin in nine patients ranged from 2-42% in the first 24 h following administration; interpatient variability in urinary excretion was large, but daily urinary recovery within patients on the daily x5 schedule was quite consistent. Measurements of acivicin effects on the activity of carbamyl phosphate synthetase II (CPS II) were conducted using leukocytes and/or malignant ascites of three colon cancer patients. Acivicin given to one patient at 8.5 mg/m2/day on the daily x5 schedule caused a 70% reduction in leukocyte CPS II activity within 5 h after therapy was initiated. Leukocyte CPS II activity remained suppressed at this level over the 5-day dosing regimen. In this patient, CPS II activity in malignant ascitic cells had decreased by 75% on day 4 of the daily x5 regimen. On the single dose schedule, treatment of two patients with 100 mg/m2 caused leukocyte CPS II activity to decrease by greater than 90% within 4 h of treatment with gradual recovery over the next 2 days. PMID- 3896482 TI - Autologous bone marrow transplantation with marrow decontaminated by immunotoxin T 101 in the treatment of leukemia and lymphoma: first clinical observations. AB - Four patients with T-cell malignancies of poor prognosis (three with non Hodgkin's lymphoma and one with acute lymphoblastic leukemia) received the following consolidation therapy for complete or partial remission: cyclophosphamide (120 mg/kg) plus total-body irradiation, followed by reinfusion of cryopreserved autologous marrow previously purged in vitro by immunotoxin T 101 (SR 41322). This immunotoxin is made of the murine monoclonal T 101 antibody coupled to chain A of ricin. The doses of immunotoxin used were 10(-9) and 10(-8) M, and the durations of incubation were 4 and 20 hours at 37 degrees C. Recovery of progenitors CFUc and BFUe was total following incubation with immunotoxin T 101, but diminished after cryopreservation (15%-80% for CFUc, 33%-47% for BFUe), suggesting an increased fragility of the incubated progenitors to freezing. In every case, hematopoietic recovery occurred within normal time periods, with a wbc count greater than 10(9)/L and a platelet count greater than 50 X 10(9)/L on Day 22 (range, 15-31) and Day 21 (range, 22-47), respectively, demonstrating the feasibility of autologous bone marrow transplantation with marrow pretreated by immunotoxin. However, the slow recovery of lymphocytes and the development of severe infections in two patients may indicate that an in-depth study of immunological reconstitution after in vitro treatment of the marrow with immunotoxin T 101 is necessary. PMID- 3896483 TI - Ifosfamide--pharmacology, safety and therapeutic potential. PMID- 3896484 TI - Vitamin K in the treatment of cancer. PMID- 3896485 TI - Incidence, previous treatment and chromosome characteristics of secondary acute non-lymphocytic leukemia. PMID- 3896486 TI - Chemical and structural analysis of the capsular polysaccharide from Escherichia coli O9:K28(A):H- (K28 antigen). AB - The structure of the capsular polysaccharide from Escherichia coli O9:K28(A):H- (K28 antigen) has been determined by using the techniques of methylation, periodate oxidation, and partial hydrolysis. N.m.r. spectroscopy (1H and 13C) was used to establish the nature of the anomeric linkages. O-Acetyl groups were determined spectrophotometrically and were located using methyl vinyl ether as a protective reagent. The polysaccharide is comprised of repeating units of the tetrasaccharide shown (three-plus-one type) with 70% of the fucosyl residues carrying an O-acetyl substituent. (formula; see text) This structure resembles that of E. coli K27 and has the structural pattern of Klebsiella K54 polysaccharide. PMID- 3896487 TI - Isolation of glycopeptides containing individual glycosylation sites of Friend murine leukemia virus glycoprotein: studies of glycosylation by methylation analysis. AB - Glycopeptides containing individual N-glycosylation sites of the glycoprotein from Friend murine leukemia virus were isolated by digestion of the viral glycoprotein with protease of S. aureus (V8) or with trypsin followed by fractionation of the resulting (glyco)peptides by gel filtration and reversed phase, high-performance liquid chromatography at pH 6. Isolated glycopeptides were assigned to the known amino acid sequence of the protein by amino acid analysis and by determination of the NH2-termini. The carbohydrate moieties of each glycosylation site were analysed by methylation analysis. A high selectivity of the glycoprotein glycosylation was found with regard to the distribution of oligomannosidic, mixed, and N-acetyl-lactosaminic oligosaccharides. PMID- 3896488 TI - Structure of the amino acid-containing capsular polysaccharide (K54 antigen) from Escherichia coli O6:K54:H10. AB - The structure of the K54-antigenic polysaccharide (K54 antigen) of Escherichia coli O6:K54:H10 was elucidated by determination of the composition, 1H- and 13C n.m.r. spectroscopy, periodate oxidation, and a study of the oligosaccharides obtained by partial hydrolysis with acid. The K54 polysaccharide consists of--- 3)-beta-D-glucosyluronic acid-(1----3)-alpha-L-rhamnosyl-(1----repeating-units. Of the glucuronic acid residues, approximately 85% are substituted in the ratio 9:1 with L-threonine and L-serine amidically linked to the carboxyl group. The K54 polysaccharide has a molecular weight of approximately 160,000, corresponding to approximately 380 repeating-units. PMID- 3896489 TI - Structure of a neutral polymer isolated from the lipopolysaccharide of Serratia marcescens O1 (strain C.D.C. 866-57). PMID- 3896490 TI - Structural studies of neutral polymers isolated from the lipopolysaccharides of Serratia marcescens O6 (strain C.D.C. 862-57) and O12 (C.D.C. 6320-58). PMID- 3896491 TI - [From calcium antagonists to calcium antagonism]. PMID- 3896492 TI - [History of coronary disease and its therapy]. PMID- 3896493 TI - The role of visual experience in the development of cat striate cortex. AB - By the third postnatal week, intrinsic developmental programs have established a framework within the cat visual system; this will be used to guide the course of subsequent experience-dependent development. Key elements in this framework are precociously mature cells in visual cortex area 17. These orientation-selective cells are predominantly first-order neurons, they are concentrated in layers IV and VI of area 17, most of them are activated monocularly, many may receive their direct excitatory input from lateral geniculate nucleus X cells, and the distribution of their preferred orientations is biased toward horizontal and vertical. Between the third and the sixth postnatal week, most of the remaining cells in area 17 develop orientation selectivity; this extension of orientation selectivity is blocked or delayed if kittens are deprived of normal patterned visual stimulation. Furthermore, exposure to a limited range of stimulus orientations can lead to an increase in the proportion of orientation-selective cells, and the range of orientation preferences that the cells acquire is restricted by the range of orientations to which the animal is exposed. This occurs with no apparent change in the physiology or morphology of intrinsically selective area 17 cells. Thus selective exposure may have its effect by influencing the connections between the intrinsically selective cells and higher order neurons in area 17. Experience-dependent changes in the visual system may function to "fine-tune" sensory processing and thus optimize the system's response to the dominant features of the environment. This experience-dependent process could help the young animal to focus its "attention" on those features of its environment that are critical to its survival. PMID- 3896494 TI - The anatomy of geniculocortical connections in monocularly deprived cats. AB - In monocularly deprived (MD) cats, many cells in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) but few cells in the visual cortex respond to input from the deprived eye, suggesting that the connections to visual cortex from the deprived geniculate laminae may have been disrupted. It has been known for some time that the afferents representing the deprived eye terminate over a smaller percentage of layer IV than do those representing the experienced eye, but it is becoming increasingly clear that this alone cannot explain the inability of the deprived pathway to activate cortical cells. 2-Deoxyglucose studies of ocular dominance columns in MD cats have shown that the columns are often (a) restricted to layer IV, suggesting that intracortical connections may be disrupted, and (b) very faint, suggesting that MD alters the efficacy of the deprived pathway in addition to restricting its territory. Electron microscopy has shown that both deprived and experienced afferents end in terminals that contain mitochondria and round synaptic vesicles and that make asymmetric contacts with dendritic profiles. However, the terminals of deprived afferents differ from those of experienced afferents: they are 25% smaller, contain 33% fewer mitochondria, are more likely to make synapses that are presynaptically convex (and thus, perhaps, immature), make fewer perforated synapses, and synapse onto smaller spines. Further, the geniculocortical axons from deprived laminae appear to end in fewer synaptic terminals, than do those from the experienced laminae. The finding that the synaptic terminals of deprived afferents are both abnormal morphologically and fewer in number can help to explain the reduced effectiveness of the deprived eye in driving cortical cells but does not rule out additional effects such as suppression and loss of intracortical connectivity. PMID- 3896496 TI - [The history of the Society of Respiratory Physiology and Pathology]. PMID- 3896495 TI - The role of visual experience in the formation of binocular projections in frogs. AB - Many parts of the visual system contain topographic maps of the visual field. In such structures, the binocular portion of the visual field is generally represented by overlapping, matching projections relayed from the two eyes. One of the developmental factors which helps to bring the maps from the two eyes into register is visual input. The role of visual input is especially dramatic in the frog, Xenopus laevis. In tadpoles of this species, the eyes initially face laterally and have essentially no binocular overlap. At metamorphosis, the eyes begin to move rostrodorsally; eventually, their visual fields have a 170 degree region of binocular overlap. Despite this major change in binocular overlap, the maps from the ipsilateral and contralateral eyes to the optic tectum normally remain in register throughout development. This coordination of the two projections is disrupted by visual deprivation. In dark-reared Xenopus, the contralateral projection is nearly normal but the ipsilateral map is highly disorganized. The impact of visual input on the ipsilateral map also is shown by the effect of early rotation of one eye. Examination of the tectal lobe contralateral to the rotated eye reveals that both the contralateral and the ipsilateral maps to that tectum are rotated, even though the ipsilateral map originates from the normal eye. Thus, the ipsilateral map has changed orientation to remain in register with the contralateral map. Similarly, the two maps on the other tectal lobe are in register; in this case, both projections are normally oriented even though the ipsilateral map is from the rotated eye. The discovery that the ipsilateral eye's map reaches the tectum indirectly, via a relay in the nucleus isthmi, has made it possible to study the anatomical changes underlying visually dependent plasticity. Retrograde and anterograde tracing with horseradish peroxidase have shown that eye rotation causes isthmotectal axons to follow abnormal trajectories. An axon's route first goes toward the tectal site where it normally would arborize but then changes direction to reach a new tectal site. Such rearrangements bring the isthmotectal axons into proximity with retinotectal axons which have the same receptive fields. Anterograde horseradish peroxidase filling has also been used to study the trajectories and arborizations of developing isthmotectal axons. The results show that the axons enter the tectum before the onset of eye migration but do not begin to branch profusely until eye movement begins to create a zone of binocular space.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3896497 TI - [The effect of fish oils on plasma lipid levels in hyperlipidemics]. PMID- 3896498 TI - [Vilem Dusan Lambl (1824-1895). A contribution to the history of urologic cytology]. PMID- 3896499 TI - [Glomerulonephritis in the allogenic transplanted kidney. Diagnosis, clinical picture and significance in the prognosis of the graft]. PMID- 3896500 TI - [20 years of integrated care of diabetics in Czechoslovakia]. PMID- 3896501 TI - [Renal excretion of amino acids after administration of prednisone and Imuran with emphasis on their excretion by transplanted kidneys]. PMID- 3896502 TI - [Infection of the urinary tract after kidney transplantation]. PMID- 3896503 TI - [Hypercalcemia after kidney transplantation]. PMID- 3896504 TI - Ultrastructural localization of the calcium-binding protein parvalbumin in neurons of the song system of the zebra finch, Poephila guttata. AB - The distribution of parvalbumin (PV) within neurons of the vocal motor nucleus hyperstriatum ventralepars caudalis (HVc) was investigated in the forebrain of adult male zebra finches by means of light and electron microscopy using the indirect immunoperoxidase technique. Parvalbumin-reaction product was located in the amorphous material of perikarya, dendrites and nuclei, and associated to microtubuli, postsynaptic densities and intracellular membranes; it was found in some axons and Gray type-2 boutons, but rarely in type-1 boutons and never in the Golgi apparatus. These observations suggest that parvalbumin may regulate calcium dependent processes at the postsynaptic membrane and in the cytosol. Furthermore, the partial association of parvalbumin to microtubuli points to an involvement in calcium-dependent tubular functions. Calcium currents and microtubular assembly or transport may be relevant for the known functions of HVc in song learning. PMID- 3896505 TI - Fibronectin in the area opaca of the young chick embryo. Immunofluorescence and immuno-electron-microscopic study. AB - Distribution of fibronectin-like immunoreactivity was studied in the area opaca of the young chick embryo (stages 4-6 HH) by use of the immunofluorescence and protein A-coupled to colloidal gold techniques. Fibronectin, associated to the basement membrane, formed a fibrillar network, the pattern of which changed from the centre to the periphery of the area opaca. At the ultrastructural level, differences in fibronectin distribution were found between non-moving and moving cells. The epithelial-like cells presented fibronectin staining exclusively on their basal side. Actively migrating cells (edge and mesodermal cells) showed immunoreactive material localized around their entire surface and within the cytoplasm. The fibronectin distribution is discussed in relation to three important phenomena taking place during the early growth of the area opaca: anchorage and migration of the edge cells, modification of cell shape in relation to mechanical tension, and expansion of the area vasculosa. PMID- 3896506 TI - Transformation of sporozoites of Plasmodium berghei into exoerythrocytic forms in the liver of its mammalian host. AB - Intrahepatocytic transformation in vivo of the rodent malaria sporozoite of Plasmodium berghei, into the young trophic exoerythrocytic tissue stage was studied by immunofluorescence, light- and electron microscopy. The first 20 h of intracellular life were involved entirely in dedifferentiation with limited proliferation of organelles. From about 20 h onwards nuclear division commenced, rough endoplasmic reticulum became markedly expanded, and mitochondria increased in numbers. However, remains of the sporozoite pellicle (i.e., inner membranes and subpellicular microtubules) persisted for at least 28 h, which correlates with the persisting reaction of young exoerythrocytic forms with antisporozoite antibodies. In general, the basic mechanism of transformation resembles that of the ookinete into oocyst and that of the merozoite into erythrocytic trophozoite. PMID- 3896507 TI - The localization and rate of disappearance of a synaptic vesicle antigen following denervation. AB - A proteoglycan-specific antiserum has been used to monitor the effects of denervation in the electric organ of Torpedo marmorata. The antiserum was produced by injecting a highly purified synaptic vesicle fraction prepared from the electric organs of Torpedo marmorata. Following absorption the serum appears to be specific towards synaptic vesicles. The ultrastructural localization of the antigen determined by immuno-electron microscopy confirmed the specificity of the antiserum and showed that it did not cross-react with the proteoglycans of the basal lamina. The rate of disappearance of the vesicle proteoglycans following denervation was evaluated by means of the antiserum and was compared to the rate of disappearance of other vesicular and nerve terminal-associated markers. The results suggest that degeneration affects the vesicular constituents at varying rates resulting in a progressive disappearance of the entire functional capacity of the synaptic vesicles. PMID- 3896508 TI - Morphological and pharmacological analysis of putative serotonergic bipolar and amacrine cells in the retina of a turtle, Pseudemys scripta elegans. AB - Using immunocytochemical methods, we have been able to demonstrate serotonin-like immunoreactivity (SLI) in amacrine and bipolar cells of the turtle retina. Inhibition of monoamine oxidase with pargyline drastically increases the amount of 5-hydroxytryptamine within both cell types. The indoleamine 6 hydroxytryptamine is taken up by both cell types and both types are destroyed within 10 days following intraocular injection of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine. Increasing the external potassium concentration induces release of serotonin in both cell types. Our data support the idea that these neurons use serotonin during neuronal processing. Morphologically, amacrine and bipolar cells with SLI can be subdivided into two and three subclasses, respectively, based on their ramification pattern within the inner plexiform layer. A comparison of the morphological data with those of intracellularly stained amacrine and bipolar cells suggests that all bipolar cells with SLI are center-hyperpolarizing cells and all amacrine cells center-depolarizing cells. PMID- 3896509 TI - Immunohistochemical studies with antibodies to myosins from the cytoplasm and membrane fraction of human blood platelets. AB - Antibodies were raised to myosins extracted from the cytoplasm and solubilized membranes of human blood platelets. Both antibodies had similar titers as shown by enzyme-immunoassay and bound to the same sites as shown by immunohistochemistry. They were specific for cytoplasmic myosins (e.g., in human white blood cells, platelets and fibroblasts and rat endothelial cells). They showed no crossreaction with human or rat smooth muscle. PMID- 3896510 TI - Primary culture of capillary endothelial cells from the spiral ligament and stria vascularis of bovine inner ear. Retention of several endothelial cell properties in vitro. AB - Methods for isolation and culture of microvascular endothelial cells of the inner ear were devised to provide an in-vitro system for studying endothelial functions in this tissue. Capillaries from the stria vascularis and spiral ligament were treated enzymatically to free them from surrounding tissue. Contamination by extraneous tissue was minimized by banding capillary segments in Percoll gradients and culture in plasma-derived serum on a fibronectin-coated substrate. Although only small amounts of inner ear tissue were available, tritiated thymidine autoradiography demonstrated that considerable growth in culture was possible. Addition of heparin and endothelial cell growth supplement to the medium enhanced proliferation. The endothelial origin of the cultured cells was confirmed by immunofluorescent demonstration of the presence of Factor VIII related antigen and angiotensin-converting enzyme. In addition, tight junctions between cells were observed in both thin sections and platinum replicas obtained by freeze-fracture techniques. Endothelial cells from neither the stria vascularis nor the spiral ligament allowed passage of horseradish peroxidase across the monolayer during a 5-min period. However, endothelial cells from the stria vascularis exhibited a greater amount of pinocytotic activity than those of the spiral ligament, a difference that is also observed in vivo. Methods for expanding a small population of endothelial cells with retention of specialized properties into one of sufficient size for morphologic and biochemical studies have been demonstrated for the inner ear. PMID- 3896511 TI - Occurrence and distribution of calcitonin gene-related peptide in the mammalian respiratory tract and middle ear. AB - Nerve fibres displaying immunoreactivity to calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) are abundantly distributed in the respiratory tract of man, dog, cat, guinea-pig, rat and mouse. Numerous fine, beaded CGRP fibres were seen in the middle ear mucosa, and a moderate supply was found in the ear drum. In the nasal mucosa and in the wall of the Eustachian tube CGRP fibres occurred around blood vessels, arteries in particular. A conspicuously rich supply of CGRP fibres was seen beneath and within the epithelium. In addition, a few fibres were seen in smooth muscle bundles and close to sero-mucous glands. In the tracheo-bronchial wall CGRP fibres were distributed beneath and within the epithelium, in vascular and non-vascular smooth muscle and sometimes close to small glands. A few CGRP immunoreactive endocrine-like cells were, in addition, distributed in the tracheal epithelium of cat, rat and mouse. The trigeminal, spinal and nodose ganglia, studied in rats and guinea-pigs, harboured numerous CGRP-immunoreactive nerve cell bodies. The cervical sympathetic ganglia were devoid of immunoreactive neuronal perikarya. Surgical and chemical (6-hydroxydopamine treatment) sympathectomy did not affect the number and distribution of CGRP fibres. The distribution of CGRP fibres in the respiratory tract suggests that CGRP may take part in sensory transmission. In addition, CGRP may affect the regulation of local blood flow, smooth muscle tone and glandular secretion. PMID- 3896512 TI - Gonadotropin-releasing hormone-immunoreactive neuronal structures in the brain and pituitary of the African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell). AB - The distribution of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) immunoreactivity was studied in the African catfish, Clarias gariepinus, by means of immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase techniques. Immunoreactive neurons were found throughout the preoptic nucleus (NPO). However, only a portion of the secretory perikarya in the NPO showed a positive reaction by use of an anti-LHRH serum. Numerous immunoreactive fibres were found to enter the pituitary and to terminate in its proximal pars distalis, the site of concentration of the gonadotropic cells. Since GnRH is present in the brain and pituitary of the African catfish, the lack of spontaneous ovulation in captivity is apparently due to an insufficient release of GnRH. PMID- 3896513 TI - Neuropeptide Y (NPY)-like immunoreactive amacrine cells in retinas of frog and goldfish. AB - The distribution of neuropeptide Y (NPY)-like immunoreactivity in rat, rabbit, chick, frog and goldfish retinas was investigated by immunohistochemistry. Positive results were observed only in the frog and goldfish retinas. NPY immunoreactivity was associated with a small population of amacrine cell bodies in the inner nuclear layer and cell processes in the inner plexiform layer of both retinas. In the frog retina, three distinct layers containing immunoreactivity were observed in the inner plexiform layer. In contrast, the immunoreactivity in the same area of the goldfish retina was more or less separated into two layers. Convincing evidence could not be found for the co existence of NPY-like material with other putative transmitter-like substances in the two retinas. Radioimmunoassay revealed the presence of small amounts of NPY like immunoreactivity in the rabbit retina; the goldfish and frog retinas contained significantly more immunoreactive material. High performance liquid chromatography of the immunoreactive material in frog and goldfish retinas showed each retina containing different molecular forms of NPY-like proteins, neither of which resembled porcine NPY or PYY. The endogenous NPY-like material of the frog retina can be released by potassium depolarisation in a calcium-dependent way. In view of all these data an NPY-like protein must now be considered a potential retinal transmitter. PMID- 3896515 TI - [Advances on the problems of serological cross reactivity between Brucellae and Y enterocolitica 0:9 and the identification of brucellosis and yersinosis]. PMID- 3896514 TI - [Current status of studies of brucellosis canis abroad]. PMID- 3896516 TI - [Lyme disease: a new zoonosis transmitted by ticks]. PMID- 3896517 TI - Extensive homology among the largest subunits of eukaryotic and prokaryotic RNA polymerases. AB - We have determined the nucleotide sequence of two yeast RNA polymerase genes, RPO21 and RPO31, which encode the largest subunits of RNA polymerases II and III, respectively. The RPO21 and RPO31 sequences are homologous to each other, to the sequence of the largest subunit of E. coli RNA polymerase, and to sequences in the putative DNA-binding domain of E. coli DNA polymerase I. RPO21 has an unusual heptapeptide sequence tandemly repeated 26 times at its C-terminus; this sequence is conserved in the RNA polymerase II of higher eukaryotes and may play an important role in polymerase II-mediated transcription. Since eukaryotic and prokaryotic RNA polymerases appear to have evolved from a common ancestral polymerase, other features of the transcription process may also be evolutionarily conserved. PMID- 3896518 TI - Direct identification of prohormone conversion site in insulin-secreting cells. AB - We have localized proinsulin in B cells of human and rat pancreatic islets, using a proinsulin-specific monoclonal antibody revealed by immunocytochemistry. Proinsulin is abundant in Golgi stacks and clathrin-coated secretory granules. It rapidly disappears from these compartments when protein synthesis is inhibited. Depletion of ATP stores prevents movement of proinsulin from the Golgi stacks to the secretory granules; under these conditions, the prohormone in preformed coated granules is converted to insulin, whereas that bound to the Golgi complex is not. Non-coated granules show a low level of proinsulin reactivity under all incubation protocols. These findings provide direct evidence that coated secretory granules are the major, if not the only, cellular site of proinsulin to insulin conversion. They also suggest that the Golgi stack is not involved in conversion, and that intercisternal transport and coated granule formation are hitherto unrecognized energy-requiring steps that precede conversion. PMID- 3896519 TI - Early specification for body position in mes-endodermal regions of an amphibian embryo. AB - Specification for development of the body pattern in the amphibian embryo has usually been thought of as a prolonged process, initiated from an ooplasmic localisation of some kind in what will become the dorsal-anterior midline. The evidence has been interpreted as suggesting that this initial localisation is centred in what will become anterior endoderm, but gives rise by an inductive process in early blastula stages to an overlying organising centre which eventually controls the genesis of mesodermal pattern. Neurectodermal development (especially, the position and pattern of the central nervous system) is seen as controlled considerably later, by inductive signals from submigrating mesoderm at gastrulation. Current work tends to confirm that this sequence of inductive influences can occur at least in experimental situations. It also suggests, however, that in the normal development of the rather small egg of Xenopus, genesis of positional cues that specify the body pattern contributions within the more vegetal material (mes-endoderm) is a rather rapid, widespread and direct consequence of events occurring in the interval between fertilisation and cleavage. Possible molecular bases of early nuclear responses to position within egg material, and the more problematic nature of the positional system itself, are discussed. PMID- 3896520 TI - Maturation-inhibiting activity in growing mouse oocytes. AB - Growing mouse oocytes incompetent to resume meiosis were fused with fully grown immature mouse oocytes and cultured for 20-24 h. In giant cells that developed, two intact germinal vesicles remained well conserved in all cases. We propose that the cytoplasm of growing oocytes possesses a maturation-inhibiting activity which is able to arrest, after fusion, nuclear maturation in fully grown oocytes competent to mature spontaneously. PMID- 3896521 TI - Orthodontic techniques useful in general practice. PMID- 3896522 TI - Human B-cell proliferation in response to recombinant interleukin 2 is not due to T-cell help. AB - Positively selected human B-cell suspensions with no detectable T cells and containing more than 99.5% B cells both at the initiation and termination of culture were shown to proliferate in response to interleukin 2 (IL-2) in a dose dependent fashion. The lack of influence of residual T cells on this proliferative response was demonstrated in experiments where T cells were added back in increasing numbers to B-cell suspensions. No detectable enhancing effect on B-cell proliferation was noted when 2.5% T cells were purposely added back to culture, a proportion far in excess of that which might be expected to contaminate B-cell suspensions under the present methodology. In contrast, when 10% T cells were added back to B-cell cultures, an enhanced proliferation of B cells was observed suggesting that the lack of effect of lower numbers of T cells was due to their inefficiency in helping B-cell proliferation in response to IL 2. Therefore, it is concluded that highly purified IL-2 is capable of triggering human peripheral blood B cells to proliferate and that this proliferation is not due to T-cell help. PMID- 3896523 TI - Staining and fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis of human lymphocytes using antibodies to a short, chemically synthesized human IL-2 peptide. AB - A rabbit antibody against a chemically synthesized peptide (p84), encompassing residues 59-72 of mature human interleukin 2 (IL-2), has been shown to react specifically with natural or recombinant IL-2. This antibody was used in immunoperoxidase and immunofluorescence techniques for identification of IL-2 containing cells in human peripheral blood or tonsils. Lymphocytes were stimulated with T-cell mitogens (PHA, PWM), fixed, and incubated with affinity purified anti-p84 antibody, followed by appropriately conjugated secondary antibodies. FACS analysis demonstrated a low fluorescence intensity in 5 to 15% of unstimulated cells. In contrast, 40-60% of mitogen-stimulated cells were stained at a high fluorescence intensity. Staining was inhibited by preincubating the anti-p84 antibody with the homologous peptide or recombinant IL-2, but not by unrelated peptides. In immunoperoxidase staining, anti-p84 antibody reacted selectively with an enriched T-cell population which was 95% Leu 5+, 80% Leu 3+, and 60% Tac+. Thus, this antibody to a synthetic IL-2 peptide reacts selectively with activated T cells, and may serve, therefore, as a useful tool for visualization and enumeration of IL-2-containing cells in blood and tissues. PMID- 3896525 TI - Regulation of immune responses via genetically restricted cellular interactions. II. I-region-restricted cooperation between idiotypic and anti-idiotypic B lymphocytes. AB - Immunization of BALB/c mice with MOPC-104E myeloma protein induced idiotype specific enhancing cells which acted on anti-dextran antibody-producing cells. The enhancing cells have surface phenotypes of B cells. Using BALB/c H-2 congenic strains, it was found that the cooperation between anti-idiotypic-enhancing B lymphocytes and dextran-primed B lymphocytes was controlled by major histocompatibility gene complex. Here we have described the loci which restrict the successful cooperation between B lymphocytes, wherein it was revealed that the interaction was restricted to the I-A and I-E subregions in H-2k haplotype and the I-A subregion in H-2b haplotype. Utilizing several monoclonal antibodies specific for Ia antigens, it was revealed that the enhancing B lymphocyte activity was completely inhibited by the pretreatment of antibody-producing B cells with anti-Ia.7 in H-2d haplotype as well as H-2k, and with anti-I-A antibody in H-2b haplotype. The results suggest that the anti-idiotypic B lymphocyte response to the self idiotype is under control of H-linked immune response (Ir) gene. PMID- 3896524 TI - Production of auto-anti-idiotypic antibody during the normal immune response. VIII. Effect of auto-anti-idiotypic antibody on contact sensitivity. AB - An eluate prepared by brief incubation of spleen cells from 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl (TNP) lysyl-Ficoll immunized mice with TNP-epsilon-amino-n-caproic acid causes a specific inhibition of the induction of contact sensitivity by 2,4,6 trinitrochlorobenzene skin painting. The active factor in the eluate binds to an anti-mouse immunoglobulin (Ig) immunoadsorbent column but not to a TNP immunoadsorbent column and is therefore Ig but not anti-TNP antibody. The active factor does bind to an immunoadsorbent prepared from anti-TNP antibody, suggesting that the factor has anti-idiotype specificity. Evidence based upon hapten-reversible inhibition of plaque formation and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) indicates that the eluates contain auto-anti-idiotype antibody specific for anti-TNP antibody. It is suggested that auto-anti-idiotype antibody spontaneously produced during the immune response to a T-independent antigen can specifically downregulate contact sensitization to the same epitope. PMID- 3896526 TI - Reversible hydrocolloid impression techniques. PMID- 3896527 TI - Commitment events in early G1 requirement for the synthesis of dolichol dependent glycoproteins. AB - Dolichol functions as a carrier of oligosaccharides to polypeptide chains in the biosynthesis of N-linked glycoproteins. It is here reported that a short (4 hours) transient exposure to tunicamycin, (a specific inhibitor of dolichol dependent glycosylation) causes a cell cycle delay in post-mitotic 3T3-cells. From kinetic point of view the delay following treatment by tunicamycin resembles the delay caused by short exposures to serum deprivation or treatment by cycloheximide, indicating that the expression of N-linked glycoproteins may be involved in the cell cycle regulation. Evidence is that the availability of dolichol may be a limiting factor in this process is also presented. PMID- 3896528 TI - Surface glycoproteins of cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells. AB - Radioactive surface-specific and metabolic labeling techniques were used to characterize the surface glycoprotein pattern of cultured human endothelial cells. Electrophoretic analysis of whole cells, surface labeled either by the galactose oxidase/sodium borotritide or the periodate/sodium borotritide method, revealed several major polypeptides in the Mr region of ca 40-220. During primary culture, the surface labeling pattern showed no changes related to cell density or to the establishment of confluence. A slightly different polypeptide profile was, however, seen when primary culture cells were labeled as an intact monolayer and not in suspension. On the other hand, in cells from later passages, when compared to their parental cells of early passages, there was a distinct intensification of polypeptides with Mr 155 and 90. PMID- 3896530 TI - [Determination of the tolerance and pharmacokinetics of butocin in persons with progressive polyarthritis]. PMID- 3896529 TI - Immunocytochemical localization of the cytochrome b/f complex of chloroplast thylakoid membranes. AB - Antibodies directed against purified cytochrome f, isolated from the cytochrome b/f complex of spinach chloroplasts, were used in on-grid immunogold labelling studies of spinach leaf tissue. Our results show unambiguously that cytochrome f, and hence the cytochrome b/f complex, is located in both appressed and non appressed thylakoid membranes. PMID- 3896531 TI - [40 years of the care of women in Czechoslovakia]. PMID- 3896532 TI - [Ultrasonic folliculometry in an in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer program]. PMID- 3896533 TI - [The zona pellucida, its properties and significance in the process of fertilization]. PMID- 3896534 TI - [40 years of the Otorhinolaryngology Clinic in Hradec Kralove]. PMID- 3896535 TI - [Streptococcal infection of the pharyngeal lymphatic circle and complications with reference to the immunologic response. II]. PMID- 3896536 TI - [Creutzfeldt-Jakob spongiform encephalopathy. I. Clinicopathologic observations]. PMID- 3896537 TI - [Creutzfeldt-Jakob spongiform encephalopathy. II. Epidemiologic analysis]. PMID- 3896538 TI - [40 years of national liberation and the development of pediatric health care]. PMID- 3896539 TI - [Hormonal changes in neonates of diabetic mothers]. PMID- 3896540 TI - [Experience with the Babylog I ventilator in the neonatal intensive care unit]. PMID- 3896541 TI - [The Slovak National Uprising--the beginning of a new approach to solving social and health problems in Slovakia]. PMID- 3896542 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic separation of citraconylinsulins and preparation of GlyA1PheB1-dicitraconylinsulin. PMID- 3896543 TI - Iron deficiency and iron overload. AB - An up to date review of our knowledge of human iron metabolism is given including problems of iron balance, internal transport, and intracellular mechanisms. Current knowledge of the iron proteins is summarized and this background is used in discussing the pathophysiology of iron deficiency and overload, together with the internal derangements such as sideroblastic anemia which form much of the clinical practice associated with disorders of iron metabolism. The therapeutic approach to these problems will be described. PMID- 3896544 TI - [Epidemiologic study of enterotoxigenic and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from infantile diarrhea cases on the Wallis and Futuna Islands (French Overseas Territory)]. AB - We have studied the incidence of enteropathogenic and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains associated with infant diarrhoeal disease in Wallis and Futuna (South Pacific) during a period of 3 months. We have isolated enteropathogenic E. coli in 30,4% of children. The most frequently serotypes isolated were 0119:B14 (32%), 0111:B4 (23%) and 0126:B16 (19%). In this last serotype 6 strains released heat-stable enterotoxin. Enterotoxigenic E. coli were isolated from 8,1% of the children with diarrhea (20 strains), 13 strains released heat-labile toxin, 6 released heat-stable toxin (serotype 0126:B16) and 1 strain produced both. PMID- 3896545 TI - [Serological approach to the occurrence of rickettsioses in the Central African Republic]. AB - A serosurvey for evidence of human rickettsial infections was carried out in the Republic of Central Africa on 144 sera by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) and microagglutination tests (MA). There was no serological evidence of epidemic typhus and only two sera were positive for murine typhus. Approximately 15% of the surveyed population was serologically positive by MA for R. conorii antibodies. However, 48% of this population had spotted fever group antibodies as detected by IIF but were negative in MA for R. conorii, R. rickettsii and R. akari antibodies. These sera with high titers in IIF and negative in MA lead us to believe that in Central Africa there are rickettsiae pathogenic for man that are related to the Spotted Fever group and are yet to be identified. PMID- 3896546 TI - [The clinician, the microscopist and drug-resistant hematozoa]. PMID- 3896547 TI - [Prevalence of the enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli colonization factors CFA/I, CFA/II and E8775 isolated in the South Pacific (New Caledonia, Republic of Vanuatu and Wallis and Futuna)]. AB - We tested the expression of adherence properties of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains isolated in New-Caledonia, Vanuatu and Wallis and Futuna by examining for the presence of colonization factor E8775 using an agglutination test and an immuno-diffusion technique with specific antisera. Approximately 19% of ETEC strains possessed CFA/I and 21% a CFA/II. The E8775 antigen was found on 1.8% of the strains. This last factor was found on strains of the serogroup 025 from Vanuatu. Two strains 078 usually CFA/I+ possessed a CFA/II and three strains of the serogroup 0126 possessed a CFA/I. The results of this study emphasis the need to continue the search for other mechanisms of adhesion used by ETEC strains without any of the three factors of colonization. PMID- 3896548 TI - [T-cell subpopulations during acute attacks of pernicious malaria]. AB - The distribution of T-cell subsets in acute and cerebral malaria have been studied using two monoclonal antibodies. In the course of the disease both in acute and cerebral malaria in persons living in senegalese hypoendemic area occurred important alterations of circulating T-cell subsets. A significant loss of OKT4 positive cells is observed; OKT8 positive lymphocytes are also affected but to a lesser extent. The reversal of the OKT4/OKT8 ratio found in this disease is associated with decrease responsiveness of lymphocytes to PHA. The considerable loss seen in OKT4 cells fonction could be of great importance in reducing cell mediated immune mechanisms and humoral response needed to eradicate the malaria parasite. PMID- 3896549 TI - IFA serological surveys of malaria in north, north-west and south-west parts of Iran. AB - In the IFA serological surveys of malaria carried out in north, north-west and south-west parts of Iran during 1975-1982 altogether 9,132 subjects were studied for malaria antibodies and parasitaemia. Serological data indicated probable malaria transmission in a consolidation area where the autochthonous cases of malaria were reported a year after this serological study. Asymptomatic parasite carriers of P. malariae were found by IFA and parasite concentration techniques among the professional blood donors and the residents of a village without any recent malaria history. IFA results with P. falciparum antigen reflected the malaria histories in the studied areas of west Azerbaijan better than P. vivax antigen. The serological and parasitological findings in the nomads of Bakhtiary tribes showed that the nomads are more exposed to malaria infection in the winter quarters of Izeh area and they are also more under malaria control programme when they are living in this area. In comparison of IFA results of 438 paired plasma and dried blood samples tested with P. vivax and P. falciparum antigens, there was no significant difference between SPR in plasma and dried blood samples, however in the dried blood samples collected by malaria surveillance agents on filter paper SPR and GMRT were considerably low. PMID- 3896550 TI - [The life and work of Dr. G. Girard]. PMID- 3896551 TI - Genetic effects of chromium tannins. AB - Seventeen tannins used in the hide and leather industry, most of which contain mainly Cr(III) sulphates, were tested for the ability to directly induce gene mutations in Salmonella typhimurium (TA 100 strain) and chromosomal effects (sister chromatid exchanges, SCE) in cultured hamster cells (CHO line). Total chromium [Cr(III) + Cr(VI)] content and contaminating Cr(VI) were determined spectrophotometrically by reaction with diphenylcarbazide. None of the tested compounds induced gene mutations, whereas eight tannins were able to increase significantly the frequency of SCE. A contamination with Cr(VI) was detected in four compounds (from 30 up to 100 parts of Cr(VI) per 10(6) parts of compound), insufficient to be revealed by the Salmonella assay but sufficient to account for the observed SCE increase. On the other hand, the increase of SCE induced by the other four tannins could not be explained by the level of Cr(VI) contamination, and can be ascribed to other impurities present in those industrial compounds. These four tannins did not induce gene mutations in the S. typhimurium assay even when strain TA 98 was used in addition to TA 100, independently of microsomal activation. By prolonging the time of the SCE assay from 30 to 48 h in order to facilitate Cr(III) endocytosis, a significant increase of the SCE frequency was induced by an analytical-grade Cr(III) reagent (chromium chloride), absolutely uncontaminated by Cr(VI), as well as by three Cr(III) tannins, otherwise inactive in the SCE assay. PMID- 3896552 TI - Quantification of coronary artery stenosis in vivo. PMID- 3896553 TI - Taking alginate impressions. PMID- 3896554 TI - Effect of early postoperative volume loading on left ventricular systolic function (including left ventricular ejection fraction determined by myocardial marker) after myocardial revascularization. AB - The effects of early volume loading in terms of isovolumetric-phase and ejection phase indexes of left ventricular systolic function were studied in 12 patients 5 hr after myocardial revascularization, with myocardial markers used to measure left ventricular volume directly and with simultaneous transmural left ventricular pressure measurements by micromanometers. Volume loading (increasing transmural left ventricular end-diastolic pressure from 11 +/- 4 to 15 +/- 5 mm Hg) induced a significant 14% increase in left ventricular end-diastolic volume index (LVEDVI), which was associated (as expected) with significant (p less than .005) augmentation of stroke work (+26%), left ventricular pressure-volume loop area (+35%), and stroke volume index (+22%) and with increments in left ventricular dP/dt and mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening despite a simultaneous increase in left ventricular afterload. In contrast to previous radionuclide studies, however, left ventricular ejection fraction increased significantly (+9%) and the left ventricular end-systolic pressure-volume ratio did not fall. The relative change in ejection fraction was directly proportional to the increment in LVEDVI (r = .54, p = .03) and inversely related to the change in left ventricular end-systolic volume index (r = -.71, p = .0005). Patients who demonstrated a small or no increase in ejection fraction generally had a larger simultaneous increase in afterload, but one patient exhibited exhaustion of preload reserve. Ejection fraction, as an ejection-phase index of left ventricular performance, is highly dependent on afterload; therefore, interpretation of postoperative changes in ejection fraction must be undertaken only with strict caution.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3896556 TI - Early detection of cardiac allograft rejection with proton nuclear magnetic resonance. AB - No reliable, noninvasive technique is currently available for the early detection of cardiac transplant rejection. In this study, pulse nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used (20 MHz) to detect cardiac allograft rejection in rats. Proton spin-lattice relaxation time (T1), proton spin-spin relaxation time (T2), and water content were measured in both recipient and donor hearts at 2, 4, 6, and 8 days after transplantation. Pathologic specimens were scored on a 0 to 4+ scale of increasing evidence of rejection by light microscopy. Three kinds of heterotopic transplants were performed for a total of 90: (1) Lewis rats received Lewis rat isografts, (2) Lewis rats received Brown Norway rat allografts, and (3) Lewis rats received cyclosporin A-treated allografts (15 mg/kg/day). T1 in group 2 was significantly higher than that in group 1 as early as day 2 (670 + 25 vs 616 + 11 msec, p less than .001), when histologic scores were not different. T2 in group 2 was also higher than that in group 1 (48.0 +/- 5.0 vs 41.1 +/- 2.6, p less than .005). T1 and T2 in group 2 increased from day 4 and correlated well with the water content of the hearts (r = .70 and r = .75, respectively). Cyclosporin A completely suppressed the increase of T1 and T2 in group 2. Treatment with cyclosporin also suppressed the histologic rejection scores. Our data suggest that proton relaxation time measurement may be a sensitive technique for detecting the onset of rejection and examining the therapeutic effects of cyclosporin. NMR imaging, which highlights T1 and T2 separately, should provide a sensitive noninvasive means of assessing myocardial graft rejection. PMID- 3896557 TI - Reduced infection in cardiac transplant recipients. AB - Despite the introduction of cyclosporine immunosuppression, infectious morbidity and mortality in cardiac transplant recipients has remained high. To decrease infectious complications, lower doses of cyclosporine and oral prednisone than previously reported were used for maintenance immunosuppression in 22 operative survivors of orthotopic cardiac transplantation. Twelve infections occurred in 10 patients followed 8 +/- 5 months. Fifty-five percent of patients had no infectious complications. There were no deaths. Seven infections required hospitalization for a mean of 12 days. Infection rate per patient for the first 3 months after transplantation was 0.23 compared with a range of 0.82 to 1.06 in series previously reported in which higher doses of steroids were used. Lowered doses of steroid can be used for maintenance immunosuppression and treatment of rejection with acceptable short-term results. With such a protocol, a low incidence of controllable infectious complications with no deaths has been observed. PMID- 3896558 TI - The role of mechanical support and transplantation in treatment of patients with end-stage cardiomyopathy. PMID- 3896555 TI - A prospective randomized trial of pretransfusion/azathioprine/prednisone versus cyclosporine/prednisone immunosuppression in cardiac transplant recipients: preliminary results. AB - Cyclosporine has gained acceptance as the immunosuppressive agent of choice in cardiac transplantation, but the validity of this assumption has yet to be established. Since January 1983, 25 patients have been randomly assigned to receive either conventional immunosuppression (azathioprine/antithymocyte globulin/prednisone) and pretransplant transfusion (PAAP, n = 11) or cyclosporine immunosuppression (cyclosporine and prednisone [CyA], n = 14). There was no difference in the age distribution (41 +/- 9 vs 38 +/- 11 years), indications for transplantation, preoperative serum creatinine level (1.2 +/- 0.2 vs 1.4 +/- 0.3 mg/dl), or postoperative follow-up time (13.5 +/- 5.4 vs 13.5 +/- 5.2 months). Mortality was not different (PAAP = 2, CyA = 3) and there was no difference in rejection episodes per patient (PAAP = 1.8, CyA = 1.9). Patients in the PAAP group had more serious infections (PAAP = 8, CyA = 3; P less than .02), but those in the CyA group developed a greater incidence of systemic hypertension (PAAP = 1, CyA = 10; p less than .02), pericardial effusion (PAAP = 0, CyA = 6; p = .05), and impaired renal function (creatinine 1.5 mg/dl, PAAP = 2, CyA = 11; p less than .02). Thus it appears that in this small series, cyclosporine is not associated with a significant increase in early survival. It does appear that patients on PAAP immunosuppression develop a greater number of serious infections, but the incidence of rejection episodes appears to be the same. Renal dysfunction and hypertension in patients receiving cyclosporine continue to be long-term concerns and may add to the morbidity and mortality of patients treated with this immunosuppressive regimen. PMID- 3896559 TI - Cholesterol and cardiovascular disease: no longer whether, but rather when, in whom, and how? PMID- 3896560 TI - Inhibition of platelet function in thrombosis. AB - Accumulating experimental and clinical evidence indicates that a time for reappraisal of therapeutic modalities designed to inhibit the eicosanoid pathway as it may affect vascular disease may be approaching. Pharmacologic agents originally used were chosen because they were capable of suppressing platelet functions such as aggregation, release, and adhesion. The goals of clinical trials were to evaluate medications that would prevent or reduce platelet accumulation in critically located blood vessels of the heart, brain, and extremities and on vascular prostheses. Evaluation of results of therapeutic trials has been difficult and this is superimposed on less-than-complete knowledge of the basic pharmacology of the drugs that have been used. Participation of neutrophils and possibly macrophages in the thrombotic process is now well recognized on morphologic grounds. Because different cell types such as platelets, neutrophils, and endothelial cells have been shown to interact biochemically by sharing precursors and intermediates of the eicosanoid pathway, the pharmacologic approach to inhibition of vascular disease may require reevaluation. Neutrophils appear to lack a cyclooxygenase pathway but serve as a source of the lipoxygenase product leukotriene B4 (LTB4). Actions of LTB4 include neutrophil aggregation, adhesion of neutrophils to endothelial cells, chemotaxis, chemokinesis, and plasma exudation. We have demonstrated in vitro that released free arachidonic acid from aspirin-treated platelets can serve as a source of neutrophil LTB4. Leukotrienes C4, D4, and E4 are agonists for various functions of vascular endothelium and smooth muscle. Most pharmacologic agents used in the treatment of vascular diseases inhibit the cyclooxygenase pathway.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3896561 TI - Locally acting growth factors for vascular smooth muscle cells: endogenous synthesis and release from platelets. AB - Release of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) from platelets has been postulated to stimulate at least some of the cell proliferation seen at sites of tissue damage, both beneficially (wound healing) and perniciously (during formation of atherosclerotic lesions). Two other growth factors have been localized to the platelet: epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor. These factors may function synergistically with PDGF in promoting smooth muscle cell proliferation in the injured vessel wall. PDGF-like molecules (PDGF c) that bind to the PDGF receptor and are at least partially recognized by antiserum against PDGF may also be synthesized by vessel wall cells themselves under certain circumstances. Arterial endothelial cells secrete several mitogens, one of which is a PDGF-c. Release is greatly stimulated by exposure of the cells to physiologic concentrations of thrombin. Also, aortic smooth muscle cells from 2-week-old rats secrete mitogenic levels of PDGF-c. In this case, PDGF-c accounts for all the mitogenic activity in conditioned medium (when assayed on 3T3 cells). Smooth muscle cells obtained from adult rat aortae secrete 150-fold less PDGF-c. In a third example, when adult rat carotid arteries are damaged with a balloon catheter, smooth muscle cells migrate into the intima of the artery and proliferate. By 2 weeks, the number of smooth muscle cells in the artery has doubled. When these intimal smooth muscle cells are cultured, they are found to secrete PDGF-c. These findings suggest that activation of endogenous synthesis of PDGF-c may contribute to the smooth muscle cell proliferation seen in response to vascular injury. PMID- 3896562 TI - Noninvasive estimation of valve area in patients with aortic stenosis by Doppler ultrasound and two-dimensional echocardiography. AB - In 30 patients with aortic stenosis, 14 of whom also had significant aortic regurgitation, the velocities in the stenotic jet (V') and below the valve (V) were recorded by Doppler ultrasound. With two-dimensional echocardiography, two subvalvular areas (A) were calculated from leading-to-leading edge ("large") and trailing-to-leading edge ("inner") diameter measurements. The aortic valve area was calculated by the equation of continuity (A' = A X peak V/peak V') and by calculating stroke volume below the valve [A X integral of V (t) and dividing by the integral of V' (t) (= A"). Based on cardiac output estimations from single plane angiographic images, Gorlin's formula was used to calculate invasive valve areas. In patients with no or mild aortic regurgitation a second invasive estimate was based on cardiac output measured by the Fick method. The best correlation was found when A' (with "large" diameter) was compared with invasive results based on cardiac output measured by the Fick method (r = .89, SEE +/- 0.12, n = 16); the worst was found when A" (with "large" diameter) was compared with invasive results based on cardiac output measurements by single-plane angiography (r = .80, SEE +/- 0.20, n = 30). The results indicate that valve area in patients with aortic stenosis can be reliably estimated noninvasively, even in those with significant aortic regurgitation. PMID- 3896563 TI - Assessment and follow-up of patients with aortic regurgitation by an updated Doppler echocardiographic measurement of the regurgitant fraction in the aortic arch. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine the value and limitations of an updated Doppler echocardiographic measurement of the aortic regurgitant fraction derived from the comparison of forward and reverse flows in the aortic arch. The method was based on the improvements in sampling and displaying Doppler frequencies and blood velocities provided by pulsed-emission, two-dimensional location, and spectral analysis and on an account for variations of aortic diameter through an M mode record of the aortic arch. Relevant statistical comparisons were performed between simultaneous noninvasive and invasive determinations of the regurgitant fraction in a group of 30 patients with aortic regurgitation (group I) and between simultaneous noninvasive and invasive measurements of variations of the regurgitant fraction induced by atrial pacing or vasodilator administration in 12 patients of this group. The two basal determinations were closely correlated (r = .90). The invasive regurgitant fraction ranged from 0% to 80%. The standard error of the Doppler estimate was 8.8% in group I as a whole and was only 6% in a subgroup of 20 patients with a high systolic aortic flow pattern, defined as both peak velocity above 0.8 m/sec and duration of systolic flow above 0.24 sec. This pattern was present in almost all (19/22) patients in whom the aortic regurgitation was more than moderate by invasive criterion (regurgitant fraction above 40%). The standard error of the Doppler estimate of variations of the regurgitant fraction was only 6.6%. Among 100 additional patients with aortic regurgitation (group II), only 12 had no pandiastolic reverse flow in the arch, and their regurgitation was always mild at aortographic examination.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3896564 TI - Fetal atrioventricular valve insufficiency associated with nonimmune hydrops: a two-dimensional echocardiographic and pulsed Doppler ultrasound study. AB - Of 466 fetuses who underwent cardiac ultrasound examination with cross-sectional and M mode echocardiography and pulsed Doppler ultrasound and in whom we were able to follow the natural history, 12 were found to have atrioventricular valve insufficiency and nonimmune hydrops. Eleven fetuses (all of whom had structural heart disease) died either in utero or during the early postnatal period. In the one surviving hydropic fetus with supraventricular tachyarrhythmia and atrioventricular valve regurgitation but without structural heart disease, all the abnormalities disappeared on treatment with digoxin and verapamil. Seven fetuses who had atrioventricular valve insufficiency but did not develop nonimmune hydrops all survived pregnancy and the early neonatal period. The syndrome of atrioventricular valve insufficiency, nonimmune hydrops, and structural heart disease has a poor prognosis. The hydrops in this instance reflects fetal cardiac failure related to venous hypertension and low colloid oncotic pressure. PMID- 3896565 TI - Importance of internal controls, statistical methods, and side effects in short term trials of vasodilators: a study of hydralazine kinetics in patients with aortic regurgitation. AB - We determined that the spontaneous changes in cardiac output (CO) over 12 hr in 21 patients with chronic severe aortic regurgitation averaged +/- 8.9% (p = .03). We then measured changes in CO over time after administering incremental doses of oral hydralazine (50, 100, 150, and 200 mg) every 12 hr and analyzed these changes by several methods. Changes over time of only + 14% were highly significant (p less than .001) when analyzed by t test, but were not significant by repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). When changes in CO were compared with internal control values (spontaneous changes over 12 hr), only changes of 20% or more were significant (p less than .05). Transient "peak effects" markedly overestimated the maximum effects after all doses. We then compared the incremental doses of hydralazine, given either every 8 or every 12 hr, with respect to (1) the hemodynamic changes induced, and (2) the relative incidence of acute side effects. Maximal increases in CO were similar when hydralazine was given every 8 hr (16 patients) and every 12 hr (21 patients), and ranged from + 14% after 50 mg to + 61% after 200 mg. After the 150 and 200 mg doses, marked sustained increases in CO were present at 8 hr and mild increases in CO were still present at 12 hr. Hydralazine every 8 hr was associated with side effects in 25% to 86% of patients, but when the drug was given every 12 hr it was associated with side effects in only 5% to 19% of patients (p less than .001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3896566 TI - Twice or four times daily beclomethasone dipropionate in mild stable asthma? AB - A double-blind cross-over study lasting 16 weeks was conducted to establish if a twice daily regimen of beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) was as effective in controlling asthma as a four times daily regimen. The patient's need for inhaled steroids (100 mcg BDP qds) was confirmed prior to entering the study by deterioration of peak expiratory flow rates and/or increased bronchodilator usage during a single-blind placebo period of 6 weeks. Thirty six asthmatics were eligible to enter the study and completed both treatment periods. Daily record cards of symptom scores, four times daily peak expiratory flow rate measurements and inhaled bronchodilator usage were recorded throughout the study. There was no significant difference between the mean PEFR measurements taken four times each day and the variability in PEFR, between the two treatment groups. Symptom scores for cough, wheeze, breathlessness and overall disability also showed no significant difference. Symptomatic inhaler usage for the two groups was similar. Lung function measurements of FEV1, FVC and VC were almost identical; FEV1 being 2.1 l on twice daily regimen and 2.2 l on four times daily regimen. A slight variation was observed in PEFR taken at the end of each treatment period at the clinic visits, being 361 l/min on twice daily and 380 l/min on four times daily drug dosage. In stable asthmatics, the control of asthma measured both symptomatically and by daily lung function was independent of dosing schedule, but twice daily treatment may well lead to better compliance. PMID- 3896567 TI - Use of DNA immobilized on plastic and agarose supports to detect DNA by sandwich hybridization. AB - Cloned Salmonella DNA, which has been immobilized irreversibly on plastic and agarose solid supports, can form hybrids in both single-layer and "sandwich" hybridization protocols. In single-layer hybridization, 3 micrograms of immobilized DNA bound at least 30 fmol of a specific 800-base DNA sequence (equivalent to 8.5 ng, or the amount of that sequence present in 4 X 10(10) organisms). In a 4-h sandwich hybridization protocol, as little as 14 amol (equivalent to 8 pg, or the amount of that sequence present in 1 X 10(7) organisms) of a 1600-base sequence of DNA could be detected. The methods described should be applicable to use with any set of probes--not just from Salmonella--that fulfill the criteria specified. The ability to perform DNA hybridizations on solid-phase matrices such as those used for immunoassay should bring DNA hybridization into the realm of routine clinical laboratory procedures. PMID- 3896568 TI - Subtyping lymphocytes in peripheral blood by immunoperoxidase labeling and light scatter/absorption flow cytometry. AB - Lymphocyte subpopulations in a whole-blood sample can be detected by adapting mouse monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) and peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7) labeling to a flow cytometer equipped with a tungsten-halogen light source and scatter/absorption optics (Technicon H6000). In the optimized cytochemical conditions each cell population generates a distinct, well-separated cluster, for accurate "thresholding" of the surface-antigen negative and positive lymphocyte populations in the presence of other leukocytes. After reaction with MAb, the erythrocytes are lysed, and the lymphocytes and other leukocytes are fixed. Biotinylated anti-mouse IgG, used as a bridge, amplifies the response from the avidin-peroxidase label. Granulocytes and monocytes, which have high endogenous peroxidase activity, and the labeled lymphocytes are stained in a specific amount of hydrogen peroxide plus 4-chloro-1-naphthol in 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazine ethanesulfonic acid buffer. Accuracy and precision are equivalent to those of flow cytometers that measure immunofluorescence (e.g., Ortho Spectrum III), as demonstrated with OKT3, OKT4, OKT8, OKT11, and Leu 12 MAbs. PMID- 3896569 TI - Particle concentration fluorescence immunoassay: a new immunoassay technique for quantification of human immunoglobulins in serum. AB - A new fluorescence immunoassay technique, particle concentration fluorescence immunoassay (PCFIA), has been developed for quantifying the human immunoglobulins (IgA, IgM, and IgG). In these "two-site sandwich assays," the capture antibody is immobilized on small polystyrene spheres and the tracer is fluorescein-labeled antibody. Polystyrene particles less than 1 microm in diameter make up the solid phase, to which goat anti-human antibody for each respective assay is attached. Serum specimens are diluted (5000-fold for IgA or IgM, 20 000-fold for IgG) placed on the 96-well Pandex assay plate; and mixed with the solid phase and tracer (fluorescein-labeled goat anti-human IgA, IgM, or IgG), which are added automatically by the Pandex Screen Machine. This instrument incubates the reaction mixture for 17 min at ambient temperature, separates the bound and free label by filtration, washes the solid phase, and determines the total particle bound fluorescence by front-surface fluorimetry or epifluorescence, calculates results, and generates detailed reports. Ninety-six specimens may be analyzed in 29 min or 960 specimens in 136 min. Results by PCFIA for IgA, IgM, and IgG in serum correlated well with those by rate nephelometry. PMID- 3896570 TI - Endogenous digoxin-like immunoreactive factors: impact on digoxin measurements and potential physiological implications. AB - Various laboratories have reported endogenous digoxin-like immunoreactive factor(s) (DLIF) in blood from patients in renal failure or liver failure, from newborn infants, and from third-trimester pregnant women. Similar immunoreactivity has been detected in amniotic fluid, in cord blood, and in urine and serum from normal subjects. The factor(s) giving rise to this immunoreactivity cross react with antibodies used in many currently available immunoassays for digoxin, sometimes causing apparent digoxin concentrations exceeding the therapeutic range obtained for exogenous digoxin, with consequent errors in measurement and in subsequent clinical interpretation of digoxin results. Here, I summarize findings in our laboratory and those of others. DLIF evidently exist in three states in serum: tightly protein-bound, weakly protein bound, and unbound (free). In normal subjects, greater than 90% of the total DLIF in serum is tightly but reversibly bound to serum proteins and is not readily detectable by direct measurement of digoxin in serum with conventional immunoassays. However, there seems to be a redistribution of the more weakly bound and unbound components in patients with renal failure, pregnant women, and newborns. The increased values detected in these groups are ascribable to increased amounts of weakly bound and unbound DLIF rather than to increased total DLIF. Carrier proteins may play a prominent role in the transport of these factors in blood. I discuss the potential physiological and pharmacological implications of detecting endogenous immunoreactive factors that cross react with antibodies to drugs. PMID- 3896571 TI - Heterogeneous enzyme immunoassay with electrochemical detection: competitive and "sandwich"-type immunoassays. AB - In these competitive and "sandwich"-type heterogeneous enzyme immunoassays, based on liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection, rabbit immunoglobulin G is used as a model compound. Alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1), the labeling enzyme, catalyzes conversion of phenyl phosphate to phenol. After separation on an octyldecylsilane column, the enzyme-generated phenol is detected in a thin layer cell at a carbon-paste working electrode. The detection limit for phenol is 5.0 nmol/L. The electrode response varies linearly with concentration over a range of three orders of magnitude. For the sandwich-type assay procedure the detection limit is 10 ng/L; the linearity ranges over four orders of magnitude. The detection limit of the competitive immunoassay is 5 micrograms/L. The dynamic range spans two orders of magnitude. PMID- 3896572 TI - Blood-collection devices that do not contaminate measurements of anticonvulsant drugs. PMID- 3896573 TI - Cryoimmunoglobulins. Properties, prevalence in disease, and removal. PMID- 3896574 TI - Cryotherapy. Review of physiological effects and clinical application. PMID- 3896575 TI - Comparative accuracy of wall-motion analysis by digital subtraction and first pass radionuclide ventriculography. PMID- 3896576 TI - A new chromogenic endotoxin-specific assay using recombined limulus coagulation enzymes and its clinical applications. AB - A conventional limulus test is not specific to endotoxin because of the presence in amebocyte lysate of a (1----3)-beta-D-glucan-sensitive factor. By fractionating coagulation enzymes in the lysate and recombining only those factors involved in endotoxin-induced coagulation, we have developed a new test specific to endotoxin. The recombined enzymes reacted only with endotoxin, and not with fungal polysaccharides. Conventional amebocyte lysate, on the other hand, reacted with both of them. A good linearity was obtained with this method between endotoxin concentration and absorbance with a sensitivity of 1 pg/ml of Escherichia coli 0111:B4 endotoxin. The regression lines for different types of endotoxins were parallel to one another. For the correct diagnosis of endotoxemia, this new test has a definite advantage over the one using whole amebocyte lysate. PMID- 3896577 TI - Fragmentation and polymeric complexes of albumin in human urine. AB - Analysis of urine proteins of some individuals with proteinuria by SDS-PAGE and silver staining revealed protein bands in urine which did not appear to be present in plasma. The bands migrated with apparent molecular weights of 260 000, 180 000, 110 000, 45 000, 40 000, 30 000, 24 000, 18 000 and 11 000. These bands were shown to be albumin polymer and fragments by using a polyclonal antibody to (a) immunoprecipitate radiolabelled urine proteins, and (b) identify bands blotted from SDS-PAGE gels onto nitrocellulose paper. The specificity of the polyclonal anti-albumin antibody was confirmed by using two mouse monoclonal antibodies raised against human albumin which, between them, recognized the same protein bands on nitrocellulose paper as did the polyclonal antibody. The results of these studies of albumin in human urine confirm that albumin exists as polymer and also show that albumin fragmentation occurs in urine. Fragmentation occurs by proteolysis of the albumin molecule both at sites within and outside disulfide loops. The predominant cleavage site appears to be approximately two-fifths of the distance from one end of the albumin molecule to produce disulfide-linked fragments of about 45 000 and 30 000 molecular weight. PMID- 3896578 TI - Early monitoring of human renal transplantations by N-acetyl-beta-D glucosaminidase isoenzyme activities in urines. AB - Monitoring of variations in N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) urinary activity, following renal transplantation, has been proposed for the early diagnosis of rejection episodes. In this study, the measurement of urinary NAG-B activity was conducted as a complement to total NAG (A + B) measurement, which is normally used alone. Selective measurement of NAG-B activity is carried out after fixation of NAG-A on ion exchanger in test tubes. Results of NAG (A + B) activity confirm that the assay of urinary NAG is a useful indicator of rejection, but a positive correlation between NAG-B and NAG (A + B) activities was observed during the various complications which can occur after transplantation. The specific measurement of this isoenzyme does not, therefore, seem to provide additional information in the early monitoring of human renal transplantations. Apart from rejection episodes, other factors are likely to produce marked NAG-B excretion, e.g. gentamicin therapy. PMID- 3896579 TI - A novel method of transport for thyroxine (T4), cortisol, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), parathormone (PTH), and insulin. AB - A simple and convenient method of transport of serum in the form of protein disc on water resistant medium is described. The method was used to study the stability of thyroxine (T4), cortisol, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), parathormone (PTH) and insulin. The mean recoveries of these hormones were between 98 and 100%. The standard deviations of duplicates of assays for protein disc samples were comparable to that of serum samples except in assays using enzyme immunoassay techniques. The correlation coefficients of the results between the serum and protein disc samples were satisfactory ranging from 0.86 0.99. The proposed method could be used for interlaboratory referral of serum. PMID- 3896580 TI - Effect of calcitonin on gastrointestinal regulatory peptides in man. AB - A major physiological role of calcitonin in humans appears to be regulation of skeletal turnover. It has been suggested that another function of calcitonin is to prevent post-prandial rises in calcium, particularly in animals, but the importance of such a function in man remains to be determined. Although it is known that calcitonin has an inhibitory effect on the secretion of gastrin and insulin, its actions on other gut and pancreatic hormones have not previously been studied. To investigate interrelations between calcitonin and gastrointestinal regulatory peptides, 0.5 mg synthetic human calcitonin was administered to 10 fasting patients. No changes in the plasma concentrations of glucose, somatostatin, neurotensin, enteroglucagon, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide or bombesin were observed. In contrast, profound falls in the circulating levels of gastrin, insulin and pancreatic glucagon were seen, reaching a maximum shortly after the peak of plasma calcitonin concentration. Marked changes were also observed in the levels of motilin, pancreatic polypeptide and, to a lesser extent, gastric inhibitory polypeptide, but the maximal falls occurred about 40 min later, coinciding with a significant fall in serum calcium. It is possible that the effect of calcitonin on these hormones was direct, perhaps receptor-mediated. The falls in levels of motilin and pancreatic polypeptide could have been further enhanced by changes in extracellular calcium ion concentrations. Whether any of these effects of calcitonin occur physiologically remains to be determined. However, these findings suggest new therapeutic possibilities for calcitonin. PMID- 3896581 TI - The indications for ablating normal thyroid tissue with 131I in differentiated thyroid cancer. PMID- 3896582 TI - History and otolaryngology. PMID- 3896583 TI - Bromhexine in the treatment of otitis media with effusion. AB - In a double blind randomised trial of 95 children aged 3-8 years with otitis media with effusion (OME), the efficacy of the mucolytic agent bromhexine hydrochloride (Bisolvon) was compared with a placebo. Each child received two 4 week courses of either bromhexine or placebo in a random fashion. One hundred and ninety ears were available for analysis, i.e. 380 'ear treatments'. There were 198 ears in the placebo group and 182 ears in the bromhexine group. The resolution rate in the placebo treated group was 19% and in the bromhexine treated group 16%. Bromhexine does not appear to be a useful drug for the treatment of OME in children. PMID- 3896584 TI - Percutaneous fine needle biopsy. PMID- 3896585 TI - Diagnosis and percutaneous drainage of abdominal abscesses. PMID- 3896586 TI - Metatarsal fractures. An overview. AB - Fractures of the metatarsals are a common condition seen by all health care specialists. They may be precipitated by direct or indirect trauma to the specific area of concern. This article is a review of the angiology of the metatarsal. It provides a workable classification of metatarsal fractures and provides an insight into their proper treatment. PMID- 3896587 TI - Fractures of the midfoot. AB - The incidence of midfoot fractures is probably higher than realized. Recognition of these fractures is enhanced by a high index of suspicion and diagnostic tests such as bone scans, tomograms, and CT scans. Treatment is mostly nonoperative. At times, closed reduction and percutaneous pinning, open reduction internal fixation, excision of fracture fragments, or primary fusion is indicated. PMID- 3896588 TI - Fractures of the calcaneus. AB - Fractures of the calcaneus account for approximately 60 per cent of all tarsal injuries and 1 to 2 per cent of all diagnosed fractures. The length of treatment and rehabilitation and disability has a marked effect on the working population. This helps to explain the great disparity in the classification and treatment of calcaneal fractures. PMID- 3896589 TI - Evaluation and treatment of ankle fractures. AB - The ability to classify ankle fractures allows one to determine which fractures will probably do well with nonoperative treatment and which fractures will fare best with open reduction because of their inherent instability. An understanding of the Lauge-Hansen system also allows one to predict the degree of ligamentous injury on the basis of the osseous pattern of the injury. Operative management of ankle fractures requires a thorough understanding of ASIF technique. Open reduction is best performed with a fracture that is not anatomically reducible or with a fracture type that has been historically proven unstable with closed treatment. Restoration of anatomic alignment of articular surfaces should be the goal of treatment. When anatomic reduction has been achieved, ankle fractures generally do well whether they have been treated with operative or nonoperative techniques. Early motion is helpful if rigid fixation can be achieved, but one should not sacrifice stability in an attempt to begin early movement if rigid fixation has not been obtained. Decisions concerning length of immobilization and early movement should be based upon the principles of bone healing physiology. PMID- 3896590 TI - The proximal phalangeal osteotomy. A technically advanced approach. AB - A historical review of osteotomies of the proximal phalanx has been presented. The techniques have remained relatively unchanged since their introduction by O. F. Akin in 1925. This article describes a minimal incision osteotomy technique using a medial approach to the hallux and wedge-shaped burs. The results suggest that the procedure produces good clinical results and is highly accepted by the patient. The procedure is compatible with a hospital or outpatient surgical facility. The procedure is recommended to those surgeons who are well-trained in ambulatory foot surgery. A statistical survey of the end-results is not available at the present time. PMID- 3896591 TI - Genetic regulation of the kinetics of glucose-induced insulin release in man. Studies in families with diabetic and non-diabetic probands. AB - Insulin release and sensitivity were estimated from glucose and insulin curves obtained at a glucose infusion test performed on altogether 601 subjects belonging to 155 nuclear families. Ascertainment was through one of the parents, and 96 of the probands had diabetes with clinical onset after the age of 30 years, while 59 were healthy subjects. Three variables obtained by a computer model were analysed, i.e. the glucose regulation of insulin release by a direct stimulatory event (KI) and time-dependent modulatory events (KP) as well as insulin sensitivity (KG). Complex segregation analysis revealed that the variables are genetically regulated, but there was no evidence for a major locus. The children of the diabetics did not differ from those of the non-diabetics as far as insulin release is concerned. PMID- 3896592 TI - Use of synthetic oligonucleotide and recombinant DNA probes to study renin gene expression. AB - Using hybridization histochemistry renin gene expression has been localized in the juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) of the renal cortex in both mouse and sheep kidney. This technique also located renin gene expression in afferent arterioles and interlobular arteries distant from the glomerular tuft in lamb renal cortex. A short (30 mer) synthetic oligonucleotide probe, complementary to a region of the mouse submaxillary gland renin gene, specifically labelled mouse submaxillary gland and kidney. Hybridization histochemistry and Northern blot analysis using both the synthetic oligonucleotide (mouse) probe and a 700 base pair recombinant (sheep) probe showed differences in renin gene expression in the kidney in response to Na restriction in the mouse and Na depletion in the sheep. PMID- 3896593 TI - Is aldosterone/renin ratio useful to screen a hypertensive population for primary aldosteronism? AB - The ratio of aldosterone to renin in plasma was measured in samples collected from 79 hypertensive patients. Eighteen patients with primary aldosteronism had ratios ranging from 25 to 677 (mean 183) when measured on 34 occasions, while 16 normal subjects had ratios of 3.3-21 (mean 11.3). Of the remaining 61 patients with ratios ranging from 1.8 to 184, 15 patients have ratios greater than 25 and are under investigation for primary aldosteronism, which appears highly likely in five and has been excluded in two. The aldosterone/renin ratio appears promising as a screening test for primary aldosteronism. Consistency and the effects of sodium and potassium balance and of antihypertensive medications require further study. PMID- 3896594 TI - A randomized control trial of a vegetarian diet in the treatment of mild hypertension. AB - The effect of an ovo-lacto-vegetarian (OLV) diet on blood pressure was assessed in a randomized, controlled, crossover trial in 58 mild untreated hypertensive subjects recruited from the Perth Centre for the 1983 NHF Risk Factor Prevalence Survey. Subjects were randomly allocated to one of three groups; the first maintained their usual diet throughout 12 weeks; the other two were given an OLV diet for either the first or second 6 weeks of the 12-week trial. Introduction of an OLV diet was associated with a significant fall in systolic blood pressure, on average of the order of 5 mmHg, which was unrelated to change in urinary sodium, potassium or body weight. It was concluded that a vegetarian diet may have an adjunctive role in control of mild hypertension, but that in view of likely problems with acceptability those dietary components responsible for the blood pressure differences need to be identified. PMID- 3896595 TI - A randomized controlled trial of weight reduction and metoprolol in the treatment of hypertension in young overweight patients. AB - The effects of weight reduction and metoprolol (100 mg, b.d.) in the treatment of hypertension (diastolic blood pressure 90-109 mmHg) in 56 young, overweight patients were investigated in a randomized placebo controlled trial. After a 4 week baseline, subjects were followed up for 21 weeks. In the weight reduction group, the fall in systolic and diastolic blood pressure (13/10 mmHg), associated with a mean group weight loss of 7.4 kg, was greater (P less than 0.001) than that in the placebo group (7/3 mmHg); the fall in diastolic pressure but not systolic pressure was also greater than that in the metoprolol group (10/6 mmHg). At the end of follow-up, 50% of the weight reduction group, 39% of the metoprolol group and 17% of the placebo group had a diastolic blood pressure of less than 90 mmHg. In the weight reduction group there was a fall in total cholesterol and the ratio of total to HDL-cholesterol (P less than 0.001); in the metoprolol group there was a fall in HDL-cholesterol and an increase in the ratio of total to HDL cholesterol (P less than 0.001). The results suggest that in the first step of treatment for hypertension in overweight patients, modest weight reduction produces significant and clinically important reductions in blood pressure, without incurring the adverse effects on plasma lipids and lipoproteins often associated with the first step of drug therapy. PMID- 3896596 TI - A structural analysis of human renin. AB - A three-dimensional model of human renin has been used to define amino acid residues involved in interaction with substrate. The structure revealed proteolytic cleavage sites on the surface of the molecule that may help explain numerous experimental observations concerning prorenin and its activation and forms of renin differing in size. PMID- 3896597 TI - Increased activation of the alternative complement pathway in sickle cell disease. AB - Complement proteins play an important role in host defenses against Streptococcus pneumoniae, a major cause of serious infections in sickle cell (SS) disease. Previous studies have suggested abnormalities of the alternative complement pathway in SS disease. We measured activation of the alternative pathway in sera from patients with SS disease utilizing an enzyme immunoassay which detects C3b,P complexes, derivative of the C3b,Bb,P alternative pathway convertase. In all, 89% of SS sera had elevated concentrations of C3b,P complexes, indicative of increased alternative pathway activation. Chronic activation of the alternative pathway may contribute to impaired host defense in SS patients. PMID- 3896598 TI - Computer-assisted instruction: state of the art. PMID- 3896599 TI - Children with chronic renal failure in the Federal Republic of Germany: I. Epidemiology, modes of treatment, survival. Arbeits- gemeinschaft fur Padiatrische Nephrologie. AB - By a nation-wide retrospective survey in the Federal Republic of Germany, epidemiological data were obtained on children with chronic renal failure (CRF) up to the age of 16.0 years. During a 4-year period (1972-1975), an incidence of 6 new cases per year of CRF occurred when referring to a 1 million population of the same age. The incidence of preterminal CRF (serum creatinine greater than 2 mg/dl to end-stage) was 4.4 and its prevalence 6.4 per million per year. The incidence of terminal CRF, analyzed for a 6-year period from 1972 to 1977 increased only slightly with time (from 4.4 to 5.4 per million of the same age per year). The proportion of children with terminal CRF admitted yearly for renal replacement therapy increased during the observation time from 27% to 79% up to the age of 10 years and from 80% to 96% between 10 and 16 years of age. The number of patients alive with terminal CRF rose significantly from 11.9 in 1972 to 22.0 per 1 million of the same age in 1977. At the end of 1977, 46% of all pediatric patients on renal replacement therapy had a functioning graft, compared to 38% in 1972. The increasing number of renal transplantations was accompanied by shortening of the waiting period from first dialysis to grafting. The patient survival on dialysis and after transplantation rose significantly during two subsequent 4-year periods.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3896601 TI - Myocardial infarction in the diabetic patient. AB - It has long been thought that the symptomatology and prognosis of coronary events in patients with diabetes may differ from those in nondiabetic persons. A review of recent data demonstrates a higher mortality during the acute phase of myocardial infarction for diabetic patients than for their nondiabetic counterparts, possibly related to a higher incidence of congestive heart failure and cardiogenic shock. The clinical course of diabetic patients with infarction and the role of insulin in myocardial adaptation to ischemia are both reviewed. Diabetic patients surviving the acute phase of myocardial infarction have a lower survival in follow-up than nondiabetic survivors, although some improvement in survival has been noted following beta-adrenergic-blocker therapy. PMID- 3896600 TI - Remission of Goodpasture's syndrome after withdrawal of an unusual toxic. AB - A 19 year old girl working as a hairdresser developed a severe anemia due to occult pulmonary hemorrhage followed by anti-GBM glomerulonephritis with normal renal function. Withdrawal of the suspected toxic factor, products used for permanent waving, was followed by both clinical remission and disappearance of linear deposits of immunoglobin from the renal glomeruli. Anti-GBM antibodies were only detected in the serum after clinical healing. In a case of mild Goodpasture, careful search for a toxin and its withdrawal may be the first therapeutic step. PMID- 3896602 TI - Are autacoids more than theoretic modulators of immunity? PMID- 3896603 TI - Athletic injuries of the wrist. AB - The wrist is at risk for injury in many athletic endeavors, often in acute falls or dorsiflexion injuries and at other times from repetitive stress involved with fitness routines or specific motions called for in the sport. Dorsiflexion accounts for most wrist problems giving rise to compression injuries dorsally such as scaphoid impaction, triquetrohamate impaction, and occult ganglions. These are seen most often in weight lifters, gymnasts, and push-up enthusiasts. Tension injuries occur on the palmar aspect of the wrist with disruption or attenuation of the supporting ligaments or interosseous membranes. This provides scapholunate tears, scapholunate dissociation, lunatotriquetral, midcarpal instability problems, and so forth, which are generally the result of single energetic injuries commonly associated with contact sports. Distal radioulnar injuries include chondromalacia of the ulnar head, ulnar head subluxation, and ulnocarpal impingements with tears of the triangular fibrocartilage. Forceful rotational injuries are generally associated with the former and stressful ulnar deviation with the latter, where tennis players and baseball batters are at risk. Fracture of the hook of the hamate and pisotriquetral chondromalacia are common in sports requiring holding a club, handle, or bat. Precise, early diagnosis affords the best chance for successful treatment. PMID- 3896604 TI - Sailing the uncharted seas: 46 years of orthopaedics. PMID- 3896605 TI - The classic. Geronimo Mercuriali (1530-1606) and the first illustrated book on sports medicine. PMID- 3896606 TI - Granulomatous reaction and cystic bony destruction associated with high wear rate in a total knee prosthesis. AB - This is a case report of a Cloutier total knee arthroplasty that was removed from an obese, large, 66-year-old man three years after implantation because of aseptic loosening. At surgery there was a thickened black synovium and black cystic areas in the exposed bone. The articulating surfaces of the tibial component, which is made from Poly Two (a carbon polyethylene composite), were grossly abraded, and the supporting metal tray was broken in two. The femoral component showed signs of abnormal wear at the places where it was articulating with the displaced tibial component. The tissues showed a granulomatous reaction with marrow fibrosis and cystic destruction of bone. It is postulated that aseptic loosening was accelerated by a granulomatous response to overload, abrasion, and local dissemination of particles. PMID- 3896607 TI - A new method for monitoring circulation of grafted bone by use of electrochemically generated hydrogen. AB - The patency of the anastomosed blood vessels in a free vascularized bone graft is difficult to ascertain during the early postoperative stage. For this purpose, the local blood flow was measured by means of electrochemically generated hydrogen. Although only three cases have been tested thus far, the method proves to be a simple and useful monitor of the blood flow in a free vascularized bone graft. PMID- 3896608 TI - Controversy about treatment of the knee with anterior cruciate laxity. AB - A complete tear of the anterior cruciate ligament represents the initiation of a clinical syndrome characterized by a continuum of functional disability. The authors present here a risk factor checklist, based on statistics drawn from their previous articles, to identify those patients at significant risk for future joint arthrosis. Risk factors are grouped under the categories of activity level, symptoms, clinical laxity, meniscal damage, lower limb alignment, tibiofemoral crepitus, patellofemoral factors, rehabilitation, and patient compliance. They also present their subjective and functional rating system in which six activity levels are related to pain, swelling, and giving way. The functional disability of the anterior cruciate insufficient knee is activity level related. Thus, activity levels must be rigorously and comprehensively defined for adequate appreciation of the degree of existing disability. The authors also examined the reasons for the conflicting opinions on the functional disability of the anterior cruciate ligament syndrome that exists in the literature. Differences in subjective and objective rating systems; failure to specifically define preinjury and postinjury activity levels and associated symptoms; and different populations as to laxity, giving way episodes, and type of athletic activity (jumping, twisting activities versus light recreational pursuits) are but a few of the important differences that make comparisons between studies often invalid. Long-range treatment guidelines are necessary for management of the acute and chronic anterior cruciate ligament insufficient knee. PMID- 3896609 TI - Surgical or conservative treatment of the acutely torn anterior cruciate ligament. A randomized study with short-term follow-up observations. AB - In a prospective study, 90 consecutive patients with total midstructural tears of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) were assigned at random to surgical (Group I) or conservative (Group II) treatment. Within 18.2 months of operation, 95% of the patients in Group I and 11% of those in Group II had a stable knee. The mean knee function score in Group I was 89 points, and 75% achieved more than 84 points (good or excellent). In Group II the mean score was 85; only 53% achieved more than 84 points (p less than .05). Group II patients showed greater mean quadriceps strength than those in Group I. The ability to perform a one-leg jump and to run a figure eight was similar in both groups. Early primary suture of the acutely torn ACL usually resulted in a stable knee, whereas conservatively treated patients showed knee instability. At the 18-month interval, however, the patients' functional performance seemed to be comparable in the two groups. PMID- 3896610 TI - Vaginal reconstruction. AB - Vaginal reconstruction can be an uncomplicated and straightforward procedure when attention to detail is maintained. The Abbe-McIndoe procedure of lining the neovaginal canal with split thickness skin grafts has become standard. The use of the inflatable Heyer-Schulte vaginal stent has enabled comfort for the patient and ease for the surgeon in maintaining skin graft approximation. For large vaginal and perineal defects, myocutaneous flaps, such as the gracilis island, have been extremely useful for correction of radiation tissue to the perineum or for the reconstruction of large ablative defects. Minimal morbidity and scarring ensues since the donor site can be closed primarily. With all vaginal reconstruction, a compliant patient is a necessity. The patient must wear a vaginal obturator for a minimum of three to six months postoperatively and is encouraged to use intercourse as an excellent obturator. In general, vaginal reconstruction can be an extremely gratifying procedure for both the functional and emotional well-being of patients. PMID- 3896611 TI - Seven hereditary syndromes with pigmentary retinopathy. A review and differential diagnosis. AB - This article reviews several autosomal recessive syndromes characterized by pigmentary retinopathy and, in many, combined with deafness, hypogonadism, and/or mental retardation. These syndromes are manifested in infancy and childhood. Although no specific treatment is available, an early diagnosis can be the first step in initiating symptomative management and preventive measures for the patient and family. PMID- 3896612 TI - Cyclosporine kinetics in renal transplantation. AB - The pharmacokinetics of cyclosporine were evaluated in 41 recipients of a cadaveric renal transplant. Cyclosporine was taken by mouth (mean dose 14 mg/kg) on one study day and was intravenously infused over 2 hours (mean dose 4.7 mg/kg) on the next study day. Cyclosporine was extracted from whole blood and analyzed by HPLC. After intravenous infusion, cyclosporine exhibited multicompartmental behavior. The mean (+/- SD) terminal disposition rate constant was 0.065 +/- 0.036 hours-1 and the harmonic mean t 1/2 was 10.7 hours. The harmonic mean total body clearance of cyclosporine was 5.73 ml/min/kg and the mean apparent volume of distribution was 4.5 +/- 3.6 L/kg. The absorption of oral cyclosporine was slow and incomplete. Peak blood cyclosporine concentrations (means = 1,103 ng/ml) were reached between 1 and 8 hours after oral dosing (means = 4 hours). The mean relative bioavailability was 27.6% +/- 20%. Oral bioavailability was less than 10% in 17% of our subjects. The absorption and clearance of cyclosporine were highly variable. We conclude that the variability in the kinetics of cyclosporine makes trough blood level monitoring essential in the management of patients who receive renal transplants. PMID- 3896613 TI - Breast imaging: a view from the present to the future. AB - The breast, by virtue of its superficial location, is amenable to examination by a larger selection of imaging techniques than almost any other organ in the body. I will discuss the current roles of mammography, sonography, thermography, CT scanning, transillumination, and magnetic resonance imaging in evaluating the breast for disease, with emphasis on possible future developments of each of these techniques. PMID- 3896614 TI - Significant reduction in advanced breast cancer. Results of the first seven years of mammography screening in Kopparberg, Sweden. AB - A population-based, randomized, controlled breast cancer screening trial with single-view mammography as the only means of primary detection has been under way in Kopparberg county, Sweden, since October 1977. The 7-year results of the study show (1) a significant change in the stage distribution of breast cancers in the cohort invited to undergo screening (ASP) as compared to the control group. (2) This change is seen as an initial decrease in the proportion of advanced (stage II and more advanced) cancers in the ASP as compared to the control population, followed in the second and third round of screening by a significant decrease in the absolute number of these advanced cancers in the ASP relative to the control group. (3) A thorough follow-up of both populations will answer whether these preliminary findings will result in decreased breast cancer mortality in the population invited to screening. PMID- 3896615 TI - Diagnosis of breast cysts with mammography, ultrasound and puncture. A review. AB - The diagnosis of a palpable cyst is made by means of mammography and ultrasound. The accuracy of ultrasound in the diagnosis of cysts is very high. Patients with palpable painful cysts and cysts with a diameter of more than 2 cm should be subjected to cyst aspiration followed by pneumocystography. This procedure provides optimal diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 3896616 TI - Population screening for breast cancer by mammography in The Netherlands. Expectations, early results, negative effects and conditions for large-scale screening. AB - Recent publications have shown clearly that screening by mammography is the only method of reducing breast cancer mortality substantially. This can only be achieved, however, by regular annual screening of all women over 40 years of age. An efficiently organized screening program that guarantees optimal mammographic quality should be developed in order to avoid negative effects of population screening such as false-positive and false-negative reports. PMID- 3896617 TI - Target ultrasonic mammography. An additional diagnostic tool for the detection of breast cancer. AB - The results of a prospective ultrasonic evaluation of a series of 654 unselected patients with histologically proven breast lesions are presented. Target ultrasonic mammography denotes a special procedure to examine a specific area of the breast. Complementary to clinical examination and mammography, this method increases the number of detected breast cancers by 4% above the clinical and mammographical results; 11.6% more biopsies have been requested. With this target scanning method, the ultrasonic diagnosis is not influenced by dense or fatty tissue, nor by tumor size. PMID- 3896618 TI - Ultrasonic rotational compound scans of the breast. AB - The ultrasonic rotational compound method using a conventional real-time linear array scanner and linear photographic superposition has been applied in vivo to the mammary gland. Scanning apparatus and imaging procedure are described. Before scanning, the sound velocity of the tissue has to be determined individually. A method of matching the sound velocity of the immersion bath to that of the tissue is described. The image quality obtainable with this relatively simple technique is comparable to that of most sophisticated scanners. PMID- 3896619 TI - [Nosology, clinical aspects and therapy of herpes zoster]. PMID- 3896620 TI - [Status of glucose-insulin-potassium solutions in acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 3896621 TI - [Double-blind cross-over controlled study on a calcium-heparin preparation]. PMID- 3896622 TI - Clinical utility of body fluid analyses. AB - Abnormal body fluids provide a readily accessible source of diagnostic information. The clinician uses the information provided by body fluid analysis to formulate, in order of priority, a list of differential diagnoses and to follow the results of therapy. Commonly evaluated body fluids discussed in this article include pleural and peritoneal fluids, cerebrospinal fluid, and urine. PMID- 3896623 TI - Electron microscopy of body fluids. AB - Transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy are complementary techniques; the former is useful for examining the fine internal structural detail of tissue and cell surfaces and the latter is useful for studying three-dimensional configurations. The methods and findings of transmission and scanning electron microscopic study of effusions are summarized, and their practical application in routine clinical work is assessed. PMID- 3896624 TI - Use of immunologic tumor markers in body fluid analysis. AB - Sensitive and specific tumor markers will increase the accuracy of present cytologic techniques and will teach us more about the biology and pathogenesis of tumors. Immunoenzyme studies may also be useful in quality control and may accelerate the development of automated screening techniques for cytology. PMID- 3896625 TI - Prognostic value of cytologic peritoneal washings. AB - The following points summarize the important diagnostic and prognostic features of peritoneal cytology. Malignant cells in peritoneal fluid are most often indicative of secondary malignancies with short periods of patient survival except in some early-stage tumors of the female genital tract. Atypical reactive mesothelial cells can simulate malignant cells. Experienced cytologic evaluation is important. Peritoneal cytology is an integral part of the initial staging and follow-up of ovarian cancer. Many researchers feel that peritoneal cytology is important for prognosis in endometrial cancer, and cytologic evaluation is at present a part of some study protocols. There is a low yield of positive peritoneal cytologic findings in patients with early-stage cervical cancer, and cytologic assessment probably plays a small role when other poor prognostic factors are present. Thorough sampling of the peritoneal cavity and careful cytologic preparation are important for optimal diagnosis. PMID- 3896626 TI - Streptococcus pyogenes as a cause of nosocomial infection in a critical care unit. AB - A cluster of five cases of Streptococcus pyogenes infection or colonization was identified in an adult critical care unit following the admission of a patient with a severe cutaneous infection. This report deals with the nature of the outbreak and methods of control, and comments on infections of this nature in adult critical care areas. PMID- 3896627 TI - Immunofluorescence serology. A tool for prognosis of Q-fever. AB - The indirect immunofluorescence antibody test is currently the method of choice for Q-fever laboratory diagnosis. It permits the detection of IgG-, IgM-, and IgA specific antibodies against the two phases of Coxiella burnetii. Sera from 20 cases of C. burnetii infection have been examined. Only total IgG against phase II were detected in cryptic infections. In acute Q-fever cases, the appearance of total IgG antibodies against phase I was a sign of aggravation, while IgM titers remained low. In subacute cases of Q-fever, anti-phase-I IgG titers were equal to or higher than anti-phase-II titers, and IgM against both phases were produced over a long time. Particularly high IgM titers were found in cases of granulomatous hepatitis. IgA antibodies against phase I were found in cases of Q fever endocarditis, although the two cases that died had few or no IgA antibodies, despite very high IgG and IgM titers. PMID- 3896628 TI - Epidermal and nerve growth factors manifest antilipolytic and lipogenic activities in isolated rat adipocytes. AB - The effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) from mouse submaxillary glands on lipolysis and lipogenesis in isolated rat adipocytes were studied. EGF and NGF at nanomolar concentrations augmented basal lipogenesis. The lipogenic responses to EGF and NGF were additive with a submaximal response induced by insulin but not with that of a maximal response to insulin, indicating a similarity in the mechanisms of action of EGF, NGF and insulin. EGF and NGF also inhibited epinephrine-induced lipolysis. The antilipolytic and lipogenic activities of EGF and NGF were considerably less potent by concentration than those of insulin. PMID- 3896629 TI - Increased activity of testosterone hydroxylases in liver microsomes of diabetic rats treated with insulin. AB - Liver microsomes from alloxan diabetic rats displayed decreased activity to hydroxylate testosterone only at the 2-alpha and 6-beta positions. Diabetic insulin-treated rats showed higher hydroxylase activities than diabetic and control rats in the formation of all testosterone metabolites analyzed. The sodium dodecylsulfate electrophoretic profile of liver microsomal proteins from each group of rats exhibited distinct increases as well as decreases in the cytochrome P-450 region. Stimulation of testosterone metabolism by insulin may be associated with a higher synthesis of certain cytochrome P-450 isozymes. PMID- 3896630 TI - Serine hydroxymethyltransferase activity in Trypanosoma cruzi, Trypanosoma rangeli and American Leishmania spp. AB - Serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT) was studied in several American trypanosomatids, Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes displaying, in contrast with T. rangeli, high enzymatic activity. Several Leishmania spp. members, including L. braziliensis, L. mexicana and L. garnhami promastigotes, under identical assay conditions, showed low enzymatic activity. The T. cruzi and leishmanial enzymes presented several different kinetic properties, and thus apparent Km for THF was 0.30 mM for the trypanosomal SHMT vs 0.60 mM for the leishmanial enzyme, while the apparent Km for serine was 0.40 mM for trypanosomal SHMT vs 0.15 mM for leishmanial enzyme. There were significant variations in the specific activity of SHMT between the several different trypanosomatids strains studied, but the meaning of these results is not clear because they showed no correlation either with taxonomy or infectivity. PMID- 3896631 TI - Effects of cold acclimation on the activity of lipoprotein lipase in adipose tissues of genetically obese Zucker rats. AB - The activity of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) was studied in interscapilar brown adipose tissue (BAT), epididymal white adipose tissue (WAT) and in the heart of lean and obese adult Zucker rats maintained at 22 degrees C or adapted to cold (10 degrees C). In WAT the specific activity per gram of tissue was lower in obese than in lean rats but the total activity within the tissue was three-fold higher. Cold acclimation did not modify total activity in either lean or obese rats. In BAT, but not in the heart, both specific and total activities were lower in obese than in lean animals. They were enhanced in both tissues following cold acclimation. Six-hour fasting led to a decrease in specific activity in WAT of lean rats but had no effect in obese animals; an increase was observed in BAT and heart of both genotypes. Insulin administration has no effect on activities in WAT in either 22 or 10 degrees C adapted obese rats. Norepinephrine administration stimulates LPL activity in BAT and heart of all groups. It is concluded that the lack of development of obesity previously observed in obese rats following cold acclimation is not due to a decreased capacity of lipid uptake by WAT. It might in part be due to an increased lipid oxidation in BAT. PMID- 3896632 TI - Analysis of multiple indicator dilution curves for estimation of renal tubular transport parameters. AB - A model is developed to estimate the renal tubular secretory parameters by the multiple indicator dilution (MID) technique. The model allows the calculation of influx (from plasma space to tubular cell), efflux (from tubular cell to plasma space) and sequestration (from tubular cell to luminal side) rate constants. A program using the MID-statistical analysis with least squares fitting (SALS) system for the estimation of these parameters is presented. A trapezoid rule and a non-linear least squares regression were used to carry out definite integrals of cubic spline function and least squares fitting, respectively. The system presented seems to be useful for the precise and rapid estimation of the tubular secretory rate constants. PMID- 3896633 TI - Mathematical modelling of stimulus-secretion coupling in the pancreatic B-cell. II. Calcium-stimulated calcium release. AB - An attempt was made to simulate in a mathematical model one of the two major effects of glucose upon 45Ca fractional outflow rate from prelabelled pancreatic islets, namely the increase in effluent radioactivity which is currently ascribed to the displacement of 45Ca from intracellular sites, as resulting from a facilitated influx of unlabelled 40Ca into the islet cells. The occurrence of such a rise in effluent radioactivity and its suppression in the absence of extracellular Ca2+ could only be simulated if the release of Ca by the vacuolar system was assumed to be stimulated by a rise in the cytosolic Ca concentration. It is proposed therefore that, in islets like in muscle, a process of Ca stimulated Ca release may participate in the regulation of intracellular Ca distribution. PMID- 3896634 TI - Computerized analysis of enzyme cascade reactions using continuous rate data obtained with an ELISA reader. AB - Two programs have been written which permit analysis of multiple continuous-rate enzyme-cascade assays conducted with the use of an ELISA spectrophotometer and a synthetic chromogenic substrate. Because the product of the first reaction functions as the enzyme in the second reaction, production of chromophore continuously accelerates and it is the rate of acceleration which serves to measure the rate of the initial reaction in the system. The first program determines the rate of acceleration using linear regression to analyze the reaction curves as a function of the square of time. The second program, using a Simplex algorithm, determines the parameters which establish the assay standard curve by fitting the rate data to the Hill equation. Used together, these programs facilitate the analysis of many kinetic experiments conducted simultaneously. PMID- 3896635 TI - Testing marginal homogeneity in square tables; with emphasis on matched data. AB - A noniterative procedure based upon the minimum modified X2 approach is employed to test the model of homogeneity of one-dimensional margins in square tables. Such tables may arise from matched pairs with k outcomes. The special case of double dichotomy (i.e. matched pairs with two outcomes) reduces to the McNemar test statistic. The case of multiple matched controls is also dealt with. The Cochran's Q test is used to test the marginal homogeneity in cases comparing m distinct matched samples in addition to testing trends in proportions. Reference is made to the equivalence between these tests and the approach of hierarchical log-linear models for testing marginal homogeneity of square tables. PMID- 3896636 TI - A history of St. Vincent's Medical Center. PMID- 3896638 TI - Cyclosporine. PMID- 3896637 TI - Diagnostic radiology in vascular disease of the aged. PMID- 3896640 TI - An army nurse (World War II). Part 4. Peace. PMID- 3896639 TI - Plaster of Paris--its history, functional properties and potential complications. PMID- 3896642 TI - Trials of staphylococcal protein A-treated plasma infusions in cancer therapy: clinical effects and implications for mode of action. AB - The data presented here indicate that patients with advanced cancer exhibit a modest but definite objective response rate to biweekly infusions of autologous plasma treated with purified, covalently bound staphylococcal protein A in a relatively nontoxic treatment program. The possibility that responses could be enhanced by alteration of treatment parameters, improved patient selection, and/or combined therapy remains to be explored. In vitro studies indicate that tumor cell killing can be produced in an ovarian cancer cell line using ascitic fluid of some ovarian cancer patients that has been treated with small amounts of protein A covalently linked to silica gel or agarose. This may be a suitable model system for exploration of possible humoral mechanisms of protein A associated tumoricidal effects. The available literature indicates an antitumor effect of protein A-treated patient plasma in a variety of in vitro systems, as well as in animal and human tumors in vivo. Preliminary investigations of the mechanism of these effects are inconsistent and support the view that several different mechanisms of tumor cell killing may be operative in different settings. PMID- 3896643 TI - Protein A immunoadsorption/immunoactivation: a critical review. PMID- 3896641 TI - Clinical significance and nature of circulating immune complexes in melanoma patients. PMID- 3896644 TI - Clinical relevance of immune complexes, associated antigen, and antibody in cancer. PMID- 3896645 TI - Morphological changes in the adrenal cortex in different variants of low-renin hyperaldosteronism. Comparison with the functional state of certain hormonal systems. AB - On the basis of morphological and histochemical examination of adrenal tissue of 45 patients with arterial hypertension and low-renin hyperaldosteronism, the following five morphological variants of this disease were differentiated: 1) with adenoma of the adrenal cortex and atrophy of surrounding cortical tissue; 2) with adenoma and hyperplasia of elements of the zona glomerulosa and(or) the zona fasciculata and the zona reticularis; 3) with multiple adenomatosis of the adrenal cortex; 4) with isolated diffuse or focal hyperplasia of the zona glomerulosa; 5) with nodal, diffuse-nodal or diffuse hyperplasia of all cortical zones. In tumours, three structural variants, corresponding to their histogenesis, were identified. A correlation was found between morphological variants and hormonal diagnosis of different forms of low-renin hyperaldosteronism. PMID- 3896646 TI - Right brain, left brain; left face, right face: hemisphericity and the expression of facial emotion. AB - Research on the asymmetry of facial expressions is reviewed in terms of neuroanatomy, qualitative and quantitative measures of asymmetrical expression, method of expression elicitation (spontaneous, posed, imagery-based), type of expression (happy, sad, etc.), and expression rating procedures. Neuroanatomical evidence indicated that contralateral control of facial musculature exists only for the lower face and that different motor pathways are responsible for spontaneous versus posed expressions. Empirical research on the differential assignment of qualitative trait attributes to facial regions was judged to be meagre and data on quantitative differences in the asymmetry of facial expressions was inconclusive because of the wide variability in methodology across past investigations. Specific suggestions for future investigations in this area are offered and alternative conceptualizations of hemisphericity and facial asymmetry proposed. PMID- 3896647 TI - Pulmonary interstitial emphysema in the adult respiratory distress syndrome. AB - Chest x-rays of 15 patients with the adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) were evaluated retrospectively for the presence of pulmonary interstitial emphysema (PIE). PIE was radiographically detected in 13 (88%) patients, 10 (77%) of whom also had pneumothorax. In five of these, pneumothorax occurred within the first 12 h after interstitial emphysema appeared. Pneumomediastinum was less common and occurred in five (39%) patients. The appearance of PIE and its complications, i.e., pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum, occurred over a wide range of mean airway pressures and positive end-expiratory pressures; there was no direct relationship between barotrauma and mean airway pressure or positive end-expiratory pressure. In 12 of the 13 patients all manifestations of barotrauma occurred at or above a peak airway pressure of 40 cm H2O, indicating a threshold level of peak airway pressure which would place the ARDS patient at high risk for developing pulmonary barotrauma. Time on the respirator at peak airway pressures above 40 cm H2O, clinical severity of ARDS, and associated pulmonary pathology (emphysema, bacterial pneumonia) appear to play a role in developing barotrauma. PMID- 3896648 TI - Immediate and long-term survival in patients admitted to a respiratory ICU. AB - Of 458 patients admitted to a respiratory ICU over a 1-yr period, 65% required positive-pressure ventilation and 10% received continuous positive airway pressure by face mask. The average ICU stay was 7 days. The overall mortality of 19% depended largely on the medical disease precipitating admission but also increased in patients over 60 yr of age. Of 359 patients discharged from the hospital, 226 were followed for at least 18 months. Of these, 65% made a full recovery, 21% partially recovered, and 13% died. PMID- 3896649 TI - Naloxone therapy of septic shock. PMID- 3896650 TI - Endocardial and transcutaneous cardiac pacing, calcium chloride, and epinephrine in postcountershock asystole and bradycardias. AB - Clinically, asystole or a bradyarrhythmia may follow countershock of ventricular fibrillation (VF) in up to 40% of attempts. This study evaluated the effects of artificial cardiac pacing, calcium chloride (CaCl2), and epinephrine in postcountershock asystole/bradycardia. Micromanometer catheters were positioned in the aorta (Ao) and right atrium (RA) of ten dogs and VF induced by right ventricular (RV) stimulation. After 2 min of VF, a 400-J countershock was given. In six animals, asystole or a pulseless bradyarrhythmia followed one countershock. In four animals, up to three countershocks were needed to terminate VF and resulted in asystole or a pulseless bradyarrhythmia. Thirty seconds after termination of VF, cardiac pacing was begun in all animals using conventional RV endocardial pacing (RVEP) or a transcutaneous transthoracic pacing (TTP) technique. RVEP and TTP produced ventricular depolarizations, but electrical capture was never associated with Ao pressure fluctuations. After 2 min of pacing, CaCl2 was given and chest compressions and artificial ventilations (CPR) initiated. CaCl2 had no effect on CPR pressures. After 2 min of CPR, RVEP and TTP were again studied; capture without Ao pressure fluctuations was seen in all animals. Epinephrine was then given and CPR reinstituted. Epinephrine produced a significant increase in CPR Ao systolic pressure (58 +/- 13 to 84 +/- 24 mm Hg, p less than .001) and end-diastolic coronary perfusion pressure (Ao-RA) (9 +/- 4 to 34 +/- 8 mm Hg, p less than .001). Within 94 +/- 53 sec after epinephrine, spontaneous circulation was restored in eight animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3896651 TI - Peritoneal mesothelioma. AB - The definitive diagnosis of peritoneal mesothelioma and its differentiation from metastatic peritoneal carcinomatosis may be difficult because of the clinical, macroscopic, and microscopic variability of the tumor. To this purpose, a combination of criteria, including the clinical picture, the gross pathologic findings, the exclusion of other primary neoplasms, and the microscopic findings, must be taken into consideration. Conventionally, these criteria may be established only after surgical exploration and extensive sampling. Our experience with patients with peritoneal mesothelioma and metastatic peritoneal carcinomatosis, as well as a review of the recent imaging literature, shows excellent correlation between computed tomography or ultrasound and the operative or autopsy findings. These imaging modalities showed soft-tissue masses or nodules; thickened omentum ("omental cake"), peritoneum, mesentery, and bowel wall; pleural plaques; and usually disproportionally small, if any, ascites. The latter two observations may be useful in differentiating mesothelioma from carcinomatosis macroscopically. Furthermore, fine-needle aspiration biopsy, after performing wide sampling of the tumors in different locations under ultrasonic or computed tomographic guidance, produced diagnostic cytologic specimens. Thus, the need for exploratory surgery may be alleviated, and the diagnosis of peritoneal mesothelioma may be made prospectively and relatively noninvasively with the use of computed tomography or ultrasound and fine-needle aspiration biopsy. Since epidemiologic studies predict increasing incidence of this neoplasm, especially among asbestos workers, it is suggested that these techniques be seriously considered as screening methods for high-risk populations. PMID- 3896652 TI - The role of CT in the evaluation of ovarian malignancy. AB - Malignant ovarian tumors remain a formidable challenge to practicing oncologists and diagnosticians alike. Computed tomography (CT) provides an excellent imaging modality for the evaluation of these patients. This article attempts to put in focus the role of CT in the staging of ovarian carcinoma, in the evaluation of recurrent tumor, and of treatment response. The relationship of CT to other imaging modalities, the natural history of ovarian carcinoma pertinent to CT imaging, and the proper CT technique are described. PMID- 3896653 TI - Current perspectives in colon radiography: the postendoscopy and postbiopsy barium enema. AB - Controversy prevails regarding the same-day performance of barium enema examinations and endoscopy. Concerns focus upon the diagnostic quality of the postendoscopy barium enema and the risk of perforation if colorectal biopsy is performed during the endoscopy. Results of a study of 295 patients support that rigid or fiberoptic sigmoidoscopy can be performed the same day as single- or double-contrast barium enemas without adversely affecting the quality or interpretation of the barium examination. Animal studies suggest that a barium enema may be performed safely immediately after a superficial biopsy of a nondiseased colon and 6 days after a deep biopsy. Barium sulfate appears to have no deleterious effect on the healing of colorectal biopsy sites. These findings have important implications when considering health care logistics and cost containment. PMID- 3896654 TI - Real time ultrasonic monitoring of hepatic cryosurgery. AB - Cryosurgery has a number of advantages that make it particularly appealing in the treatment of liver cancer. However, a major problem in the clinical application of hepatic cryosurgery is the lack of a precise means of monitoring the freezing process in situ. Preliminary investigations on simulated tissue have shown that standard ultrasonography is capable of accurately determining the amount of frozen material during a cryosurgical procedure. To extend these results to living tissue, cryosurgery was performed, in vivo, on the livers of four mongrel dogs. An ultrasound imaging device using a new intraoperative ultrasound transducer monitored the entire process in real time. The results indicate that the entire freezing and thawing cycle can be monitored easily using real time ultrasound. During freezing, the solidification interface can be seen to move through the tissue allowing clear imaging of the cryolesion. After complete thawing, the cryolesion became less echogenic than before freezing and was therefore distinguishable under ultrasound. Postsurgical pathologic examination showed excellent correlation between the lesion size and its ultrasonic image. PMID- 3896655 TI - Ontogeny of the 38K epsilon-polypeptide during lens development of the duck Anas platyrhynchos. AB - The epsilon-crystallin polypeptide is a recently described protein in the eye lens of the peking duck, Anas platyrhynchos. It does not cross react with alpha-, beta-, delta-, and gamma-crystallins. It has a molecular weight of 120K and consists of 3 identical 38K polypeptides. It is found in some reptiles and birds. The ontogeny of this polypeptide has been investigated in the developing A. platyrhynchos lens via the indirect immunofluorescence staining using a homologous antibody. The 38K polypeptide was extracted from 13% Tris-SDS acrylamide gels, lyophilized and injected into a young rabbit to raise an antibody. The purity of the isolated 38K polypeptide and and the specificity of the antibody were checked by Tris-SDS gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting, respectively. The first positive reaction is detected at 80 h (stage 18) incubated lens. It is confined to a few elongating early primary fibres. Until the 9th day of development the reaction is confined to the primary and secondary lens fibres. The first positive reaction in the annular pad area is observed in the "day 10" lens. In the anterior epithelium the first positive reaction is detectable in the "day 12" lens. At the beginning it is confined to a few cells in the center of the epithelium and gradually the reaction spreads to other cells. A strong and uniform reaction in the entire epithelium is noted for the first time in the lens of a just-hatched duckling. The 38K epsilon-polypeptide is detectable after the alpha-, beta-, and delta-crystallins, which, in the duck, appear simultaneously from 66 h (stage 15/16). PMID- 3896656 TI - Modification of lipid A reduces endotoxin-induced eye effects. AB - Intravenous endotoxin produces an acute toxic ocular reaction in rabbits. The core component of endotoxin, lipid A, can be modified by acid hydrolysis. This results in a detoxified ET that is relatively ineffective in inducing fever or lethal effects but which retains activity as a mitogen or as a cofactor in inducing tumor necrosis. We report that detoxified endotoxin was relatively ineffective in inducing iris hyperemia, increased ocular vascular permeability, a rise in aqueous humor prostaglandin E2, or the generation of aqueous humor neutrophil chemotactic activity. Chemotactic activity was not increased in aqueous humor even though detoxified endotoxin effectively generated chemotactic activity from serum in vitro. These observations indicate the critical role of lipid A structure in producing ET-induced ocular effects and show that the ability of ET to act as a mitogen, induce tumor necrosis, or generate serum chemotactic activity can be dissociated from its ocular toxicity. PMID- 3896657 TI - The effects of piretanide on catecholamine metabolism, plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone: a double-blind study versus furosemide in healthy volunteers. AB - In a double-blind, crossover study, 8 male volunteers (mean age: 25.9 years) received successively 6 different regimens of two diuretics, piretanide and furosemide, with a 1-week wash-out period between each drug regimen. Piretanide (6 mg) or furosemide (40 mg) were given either once daily at 08.00 hours or twice daily at 08.00 and 12.00 hours or at 08.00 and 20.00 hours. Each of these phases lasted for 1 week. Serial measurements were performed on plasma renin activity, plasma aldosterone, plasma adrenaline, plasma noradrenaline, plasma dopamine, cumulative urinary excretion of aldosterone, urine volume and urine osmolality. Plasma catecholamines showed no clinically relevant changes during all three regimens of piretanide or furosemide dosage. Piretanide and furosemide both induced a short-term increase in plasma renin activity with a maximum about 4 hours after dosing which returned to initial levels after approximately 12 hours regardless of whether a single or twice daily dose had been given. After 1 week of piretanide given once daily, lower plasma renin activity was found than after furosemide. Furosemide given once daily caused higher plasma aldosterone concentrations than did piretanide. The lowest plasma aldosterone concentrations were found during the twice-daily piretanide regimen at 08.00 and 20.00 hours. Aldosterone excretion in urine was also higher during furosemide than during piretanide administration. Piretanide given twice daily at both 08.00 and 12.00 hours or 08.00 and 20.00 hours caused the most insignificant changes in aldosterone excretion. It is suggested that piretanide, in comparison to furosemide, activates the counter-regulatory mechanisms, which may diminish the antihypertensive effect of the diuretic, to a much lesser extent. PMID- 3896658 TI - The efficacy and tolerance of indapamide in essential hypertension: a multi centre study in 981 patients. AB - A multi-centre open trial involving 150 cardiologists throughout France was undertaken to assess the efficacy and tolerance of indapamide in the treatment of essential hypertension. An identical protocol was used by all of the cardiologists. A total of 981 patients (mean age 58 years) was included in the trial after an observation period of 1 month during which blood pressure was recorded regularly. Patients were included if they had permanent essential hypertension with a diastolic pressure of 95 mmHg or more. Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures at the end of the initial observation period were 179/103 mmHg. The treatment period lasted for 4 months during which the patients received 1 tablet of indapamide (2.5 mg) each morning. Blood pressure was measured after 6 and 16 weeks of treatment, and clinical and biological acceptability was also assessed. After 6 weeks of treatment, mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels decreased to 158/90 mmHg: after 16 weeks these mean figures were 150/86 mmHg. Blood pressure levels became normal with indapamide treatment alone in 80% of patients. A slight decrease in serum potassium levels was noted in the first 6 weeks of treatment and then became stable. Clinical acceptability was considered good or excellent in 89% of cases and few non-specific side-effects were reported. PMID- 3896659 TI - Comparison of a slow-release indomethacin tablet and naproxen in osteoarthrosis. AB - A double-blind, crossover study was performed in 21 out-patients with osteoarthrosis of the hip or knee to compare the efficacy and tolerability of a new slow-release formulation (multiple units dose preparation) of indomethacin (50 mg) with those of naproxen (250 mg). After a wash-out period of 1 week, the patients were randomized to receive 2 tablets daily of one or other preparation for 3 weeks. This was followed by another wash-out period of 1 week, whereafter the patients were crossed over to the alternative drug for another 3 weeks. Subjective assessments of pain and objective assessment of joint mobility and the use of acetylsalicylic acid as rescue analgesic were used to evaluate the efficacy of the treatment. Analysis of results from 19 patients showed that both drugs effectively alleviated pain, and there was no difference between indomethacin and naproxen in this respect. There were 2 withdrawals, 1 on naproxen due to inefficacy and 1 on indomethacin due to gastro-intestinal side effects. Otherwise, the drugs were well tolerated and side-effects occurred to the same extent on both drugs. This study confirms the good efficacy and tolerability of the new slow-release indomethacin preparation. PMID- 3896660 TI - A comparative trial of 400 mg cimetidine twice daily and 1000 mg daily in the short-term treatment of duodenal ulceration. AB - The therapeutic efficacy of cimetidine given as 400 mg twice daily was compared to that of cimetidine given as 1.0 g daily in 4 divided doses (200 mg 3-times daily and 400 mg at night) in two groups of 25 patients (total 50 patients) with active duodenal ulceration. After 4 weeks, healing rates of 72% and 76%, respectively, were observed for the two dosage regimens. Patients who remained unhealed at 4 weeks were treated for a further 4 weeks, after which cumulative healing rates of 84% and 92%, respectively, were obtained. None of the observed differences in healing rates were statistically significant. Symptomatic improvement was similar for the two dosage regimens. No significant adverse reactions were reported. PMID- 3896661 TI - Treatment of vaginal candidosis using clotrimazole vaginal cream: single dose versus 3-day therapy. AB - The effect of using a single dose of 10% clotrimazole cream was compared with that of using a twice-daily application of 2% clotrimazole cream for 3 days in 111 women with mycologically proven vaginal candidosis. The results, analyzed for 55 patients in each group, showed that 1 week after starting treatment, negative cultures were recorded for 91% of the patients who received single-dose therapy and 96% of patients treated with the 3-day regimen. Five weeks after treatment started, the figures were 84% and 81%, respectively, showing that both regimens were equally effective. No adverse events were recorded for either preparation. PMID- 3896662 TI - A double-blind, parallel study of tenoxicam and piroxicam in patients with osteoarthrosis. AB - A double-blind, parallel group study was carried out in 30 patients with osteoarthrosis to compare the efficacy and tolerance of tenoxicam (40 mg/day) and piroxicam (40 mg/day) given over a period of 4 weeks. All had previously been treated with a variety of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents and/or analgesics. Patients were allocated at random to one or other treatment group. Clinical and laboratory assessments were made on entry and after 2 and 4 weeks of treatment. The results showed that both drugs improved general pain, the improvement being somewhat greater with tenoxicam. Little change was noted in other symptoms with either treatment. Side-effects reported were mainly gastro intestinal. Six of the 15 piroxicam-treated patients stopped treatment because of adverse reactions, 1 because of treatment failure and 1 because he preferred previous treatment. Three of the 15 tenoxicam-treated patients discontinued because of adverse reactions. The remaining patients (7 on piroxicam and 12 on tenoxicam) elected at the end of the trial period to remain on their respective treatment instead of their previous medication. PMID- 3896663 TI - The management of elderly patients with acute lower respiratory tract infections: a comparison of pivampicillin and amoxycillin. AB - In a randomized trial, the efficacy of pivampicillin (500 mg or 1 g twice daily) was compared with that of amoxycillin (250 mg or 500 mg 3-times daily) in 43 elderly hospitalized patients with bronchopneumonia (32 patients) or an acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis (11 patients). Overall, 13 (57%) out of the 23 patients taking pivampicillin were cured, and the remaining 10 subjects were improved. In the amoxycillin group, there were 9 (45%) cures, 9 improved and 2 failures of treatment. One patient in each treatment group had mild side-effects. Forty (93%) out of the 43 patients in the study expressed a preference for an antibiotic that was given twice daily as opposed to one where 3 doses were taken each day. PMID- 3896664 TI - Differential dosing study of pirazolac, a new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent, in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Twenty-four patients with classical or definite rheumatoid arthritis participated in a 4-week double-blind crossover study to compare the effectiveness of two different dosage regimens of pirazolac. Patients were allocated at random to receive 2-weeks' treatment with either 300 mg pirazolac in the morning and 600 mg at night or 450 mg pirazolac given morning and evening, and were then crossed over to the alternative regimen for a further 2 weeks. Physician assessments of disease activity were carried out on entry and at the end of each treatment period, and patients kept a daily record of visual analogue scale scores for pain and stiffness. The results showed that both dosage regimens of pirazolac produced a significant improvement in the parameters assessed, but the difference between the two regimens was not significant. However, overall assessment at the end of the trial by the 23 patients who completed the study showed that 14 preferred the 300/600 mg regimen compared with 7 who preferred the 450/450 mg regimen: 2 patients considered both regimens equally effective. Pirazolac was relatively well tolerated, only a few patients reporting gastro-intestinal (2) and skin (3) side-effects during the trial period. PMID- 3896665 TI - Effective treatment of post-partum hypotension with dimetophrine: a placebo controlled, double-blind trial. AB - Two groups of 15 women with moderately severe post-partum hypotension were assigned at random to receive treatment with either 200 mg dimetophrine or placebo, orally, over a period of 10 days. Systolic blood pressure increased steadily and significantly during the first 5 days of treatment, from 100.0 +/- 1.2 mmHg to 128.0 +/- 1.2 mmHg with dimetophrine; with placebo, the increase from 99.8 +/- 1.1 mmHg to 104.7 +/- 1.1 mmHg was significantly less. Similar results were observed in diastolic blood pressure measurements. Overall, all 15 patients responded to dimetophrine but only 4 spontaneously recovered on placebo. At the same time, heart rate moved towards normal with dimetophrine (from 82.4 +/- 2.0 to 75.5 +/- 1.1 beats/min); with placebo, significantly less recovery was observed (from 79.5 +/- 2.3 to 78.6 +/- 1.5 beats/min). Concomitant with the recovery of perfusion pressure, the associated symptoms (asthenia, paleness, fatigue, dizziness, sweating, headache, vertigo) significantly decreased in intensity, all except vertigo to a significantly greater extent with dimetophrine than with placebo. Subjective tolerance was good in both groups; clinically relevant variations in haematological or haematochemical parameters measured were absent, except for the expected normalization of leucocyte count. PMID- 3896666 TI - Pleural and pericardial effusions in cancer patients. PMID- 3896667 TI - Practical management of hypertension. AB - Presented in this monograph is a dynamic concept of hypertensive diseases. We all are aware that the appallingly high morbidity and mortality from the consequences of hypertensive diseases can be drastically reduced with antihypertensive therapy, provided that the patients with hypertension are recognized and that they continue to remain on effective therapeutic programs following their evaluation. Inherent in this concept of "preventive cardiology" is the acknowledgment that evaluation of the hypertensive patient provides a baseline for a lifelong program for the management of a chronic disease. Therefore, discussed herein is the rationale for the evaluation of the findings obtained from the patient's history, physical examination, laboratory studies, and the pathophysiological concepts of the vascular disease and the cardiac involvement. These considerations should permit judicious selection of an effective treatment program. PMID- 3896668 TI - Interventional endoscopy. PMID- 3896669 TI - Radiologic evaluation of the biliary tract of the jaundiced patient. PMID- 3896670 TI - Comparison of canine femoral and splanchnic hemodynamics during intravenous infusions of prostacyclin. PMID- 3896671 TI - Plasma gastrointestinal glucagon concentration in dogs administered LD100 Escherichia coli. PMID- 3896672 TI - Control of differentiation in Trypanosoma cruzi. PMID- 3896673 TI - Trypanosoma cruzi: interaction with host cells. PMID- 3896674 TI - An influenza virus model for Trypanosoma cruzi infection: interactive roles for neuraminidase and lectin. PMID- 3896675 TI - Biosynthesis, attachment and release of variant surface glycoproteins of the African trypanosome. PMID- 3896676 TI - Glycosylation of the variant surface antigens of Trypanosoma brucei. PMID- 3896677 TI - The cell surface of Trypanosoma cruzi. PMID- 3896678 TI - Regulation of parasitaemia in mice infected with Trypanosoma brucei. PMID- 3896679 TI - Small solute clearance from the lungs of patients with cardiogenic and noncardiogenic pulmonary edema. AB - The regional clearance of 99mTc-diethylenetriamine penta-acetate (99mTc-DTPA) from the lungs was measured in 14 patients with noncardiogenic pulmonary edema, six patients with acute pulmonary edema secondary to heart failure, and 29 normal subjects. The radionuclide was delivered in an aerosol which was inhaled for 120 seconds, and the subsequent decline of radioactivity from the lungs was monitored for seven minutes over each of six peripheral regions of interest with a computerized scintillation camera. The average 99mTc-DTPA clearance of these regions was accelerated above the 98 percent confidence limits in all but three of the patients with noncardiogenic edema. The mean clearance value in this group of patients was significantly greater than those in normal subjects or patients with cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Clearances returned toward normal in each of seven subjects who improved clinically. Only one of the patients with cardiogenic pulmonary edema had an elevated average clearance rate, and the mean clearance for this population was not statistically greater than normal. This procedure appears to detect increased epithelial permeability caused by lung injury and may help distinguish between cardiogenic and noncardiogenic pulmonary edema. PMID- 3896680 TI - Does chest physical therapy work? AB - Postural drainage has usually been shown to be an effective component of chest physical therapy; there is currently no data showing a beneficial effect of percussion or vibration; directed coughing may be as efficacious as postural drainage (Table 3); the forced expiration technique may increase sputum clearance with or without postural drainage (Table 4). PMID- 3896681 TI - A pseudoepidemic of Legionella infections. AB - During a six-month period, we observed an increase in the incidence of presumed Legionnaires' disease (LD) due to false-positive direct immunofluorescent antibody (DFA) staining. Contamination of the DFA staining reagents with Legionella appeared to account for our pseudoepidemic. Although a positive DFA stain has been regarded as highly specific for the diagnosis of LD, the clinician must interpret such results with caution. PMID- 3896682 TI - Unstable L-form of Proteus mirabilis induced by fosfomycin. AB - An unstable L-form of Proteus mirabilis was induced on solid medium by sensitivity test discs (200 micrograms of fosfomycin + 20 micrograms of glucose-6 phosphate). The L-colonies were subcultured on agar containing the antibiotic at a concentration of 60 micrograms/ml. On antibiotic-free medium, all the cells reverted to the bacterial phase. On antibiotic-containing agar, the reversion took place as well although at a much lower frequency. Parents and revertants differed in glucose metabolism while they reacted identically in H2S, indole, and urea tests. PMID- 3896683 TI - Efficacy of imipenem in experimental group B streptococcal bacteremia and meningitis. AB - We evaluated the activity of imipenem (N-formimidoyl thienamycin) against a type III group B streptococcal strain in vitro and in vivo. The minimal inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations of imipenem were 15 mg/l. In vivo studies using an infant rat model of group B streptococcal bacteremia and meningitis revealed that imipenem was highly effective. This was shown by (1) rapid bacterial clearance from the blood and cerebrospinal fluid; (2) rapid sterilization of the blood and cerebrospinal fluid; (3) prevention of the development of meningitis in bacteremic animals, and (4) reduction in mortality. Even 10 mg/kg of imipenem produced the mean serum bactericidal titers greater than 1:100 and cerebrospinal fluid bactericidal titers greater than or equal to 1:16 at 1-2 h after subcutaneous administration. These findings suggest that the activity of imipenem is bactericidal in vitro and in vivo and may be an effective regimen against group B streptococci in this experimental model of bacteremia and meningitis. PMID- 3896684 TI - [Dr. Helvetius, physician to His Royal Highness the Duke of Orleans]. PMID- 3896685 TI - [Modified Ibsen bridge using dentinal screws]. PMID- 3896686 TI - [Fundamental principles with respect to the design and construction of metal removable partial dentures]. PMID- 3896687 TI - [The School of Alexandria, cradle of anatomy and physiology]. PMID- 3896688 TI - [Wisdom teeth: problems faced by the general practitioner]. PMID- 3896689 TI - Clinical significance of anti-nDNA antibodies in ANA-positive systemic lupus erythematosus: comparison of the Farr radioimmunoassay and the Crithidia luciliae immunofluorescent technique. AB - To evaluate the clinical applicability of anti-native DNA antibodies (anti-nDNA) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), two conventional methods--the Farr radioimmunoassay (Farr assay) and the Crithidia luciliae immunofluorescent technique (CL-IF assay)--were compared in 180 sera of antinuclear antibody (ANA) positive systemic lupus erythematosus (85 active and 95 inactive), 31 sera of ANA positive non-SLE rheumatic diseases and 40 sera from healthy subjects. The results further appraised the clinical significance of anti-nDNA antibodies in the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus, especially those patients with nephritis. The CL-IF assay was found less sensitive in the detection of anti-nDNA than the Farr assay. As a tool for differentiating SLE from non-SLE rheumatic diseases, the CL-IF assay is not as sensitive as the Farr assay (sensitivity of CL-IF and Farr assay = 38.3% versus 60.0%). But the CL-IF test is much more convenient and efficient in the detection of active stage SLE and lupus nephritis than the Farr assay. The efficiency of anti-nDNA tests by the CL-IF and Farr assays for diagnosing active SLE were 85.8% versus 79.6%, for lupus nephritis were 76.1% versus 64.4% and finally for both conditions were 81.7% versus 62.2%. As an index of disease activity during the course of treatment, titers of anti nDNA antibodies by Farr assay proved much more reliable than those by Crithidia luciliae assay. For the detection of anti-nDNA antibodies, simultaneous utilization of these two methods for fresh cases and using the Farr assay alone during the course of treatment are recommended. PMID- 3896690 TI - Smooth muscle antibody in children with acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease. AB - Smooth muscle antibody (SMA) was positive in 66.7% of children with acute rheumatic fever, in 46.1% of children with chronic rheumatic heart disease, and in only 11.9% of normal Chinese children. These findings indicate that the SMA is one of the bioproducts of acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease, but the immunopathogenetic role of SMA in these particular disease still needs further investigation. PMID- 3896692 TI - [Significance of the causative agent of infection for therapy of purulent peritonitis]. PMID- 3896691 TI - [Immune responses in rabbits infected with Clonorchis sinensis]. AB - Experimental rabbits were divided into single infection group, reinfection group and treatment group. Both eggs per gram of feces and serum antibody were determined periodically by antiformin-ether concentration method and ELISA technic, respectively. Two rabbits were observed 72 weeks and 76 weeks after infection in single infection occasion. Antibody elevated to the maximum during 8 and 14 weeks after infection, and then gradually decreased but still kept in detectable level till the termination of observation. EPG kept in lower intensity and no apparent variation during the period of observation. In periodically re infected groups, both antibody and EPG increased after every occasion of re infection. But in rabbits re-infection every month, its antibody were maintained in a high level and kept this level even at the 5th to 7th re-infection. In general, EPG increased less rapidly after several times re-infection. Stool examinations showed negative results, but in antibody variations were not concordant in rabbits after treatment. In un-infected rabbits, antibody kept in negative reaction during the course of observation. PMID- 3896693 TI - [Scintigraphy in the diagnosis of intestinal hemorrhage]. AB - 13 patients with gastrointestinal hemorrhage underwent a scintigraphic examination to localize the bleeding. In 6 patients Tc-99m labeled red blood cells, in 7 patients Tc-99m sulfur colloid were used. Scintigraphy could demonstrate an intestinal bleeding in ten patients, in whom the conventional examinations, and among them 7 abdominal angiographies had failed. 5 of them had to be operated after that, whereby the scintigraphic findings were verified. One of the three patients with negative scintigraphy had to undergo an operation because of continuous bleeding. The methods of scintigraphy and their indication in gastrointestinal hemorrhage are discussed. PMID- 3896694 TI - [Endorectal sonography in rectal carcinoma]. AB - In the period from 1983 to 1985 forty-two of sixty patients with rectal cancer were examined in a prospective trial by endorectal ultrasound. The infiltration depth of the tumor was evaluated against the pathological findings of the excised specimen. The assessment of tumor infiltration depth by digital examination (clinical staging) was impossible or incomplete in 18 cases. Endorectal ultrasound was not correct in 14.2 per cent. In none of the patients examined infiltration depth was underestimated sonographically. Technics and criteria for interpretation are discussed. Endorectal ultrasound seems promising in pretherapeutic staging of rectal cancer. PMID- 3896695 TI - [Hepatic transplantation in children. Facilitation by the use of an adult liver reduced by hepatectomy]. PMID- 3896696 TI - What is a retinoid? PMID- 3896697 TI - Immunostimulation by retinoic acid. AB - Retinoids have been shown to inhibit tumour growth in several model systems. In this paper evidence that immune effectors are important for this effect is discussed. Injection of retinoic acid (RA) into mice before challenge with allogeneic or syngeneic tumour cells results in a strong increase in cell mediated cytotoxicity specific for the respective tumour. This stimulation appears to be due to effects taking place before or during the induction phase rather than the effector phase of cell-mediated cytolysis. The effector cells responsible for cytotoxicity express the Thy 1 antigen, are H-2 specific and are therefore T killer cells. The induction of T cell-mediated cytotoxicity requires the participation of the lymphokine interleukin 2 (IL-2). The possibility was tested that RA directly or indirectly influences the production of IL-2 and thereby stimulates the induction of T killer cells. Results indeed show that RA injected mice display an increased capacity to produce IL-2 upon stimulation of their splenocytes in a mixed lymphocyte reaction. It appears therefore that RA has an effect on T cells that are destined to produce IL-2 upon antigenic challenge. Since IL-2 plays a role not only in the induction of specific cytotoxic T cells but also in the induction of natural killer (NK) cells, RA was also tested in a model system in which NK cells appear to play an important protective role. Results showed that split-dose irradiated mice that lose their NK activity and subsequently develop leukaemia can be protected from leukaemogenesis either by reconstitution with NK cells or by injection with RA. The question of whether this effect is due to stimulation of immune effectors or is a direct effect on the preleukaemic cells is discussed. PMID- 3896698 TI - Retinoids and the control of pattern in regenerating limbs. AB - It has recently been discovered that, as well as having effects on cell division and differentiation, retinoids induce dramatic changes in the development of pattern in limbs. Local application of retinoic acid to the anterior side of chick limb buds causes anteroposterior mirror-imaging such that the limb has six digits instead of three. In Rana limb buds retinoids induce changes in both the anteroposterior and proximodistal axes. In regenerating axolotl limbs their effect is primarily on the proximodistal axis. These proximodistal effects result in the regeneration of a complete limb from distal amputation levels. Concentration effects, time effects and the relative efficacy of various retinoids have been established. Cellular changes observed include a stimulation of epidermal mucopolysaccharide production, inhibition of cell division, induction of cartilage matrix breakdown and a stimulation of fibronectin production by mesodermal cells. The relevance of each of these changes to pattern effects has been determined. Initial experiments on the cellular location of radiolabelled retinoic acid are described. It thus seems that retinoids can change the determination of developing cells, and once we know the molecular basis of retinoid action then we should also know how developing cells become specified to form particular cell types. PMID- 3896699 TI - Retinoids and mammary gland differentiation. AB - Certain retinoids serve as effective chemopreventive agents against breast cancer. The effective retinoids are also antiproliferative agents for the mammary gland both in vivo and in vitro. N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide (HPR) can inhibit the occurrence of hyperplastic alveolar nodules in C3H mice in vivo and 7,12 dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced nodule-like alveolar lesions in vitro. Moreover, HPR can also inhibit the phorbol ester-induced promotion of hyperplastic alveolar nodule development in vitro. HPR is metabolized by the mammary gland in vitro and one of the metabolites competes for the cytosolic retinoic acid-binding protein although the metabolite is not all-trans-retinoic acid. PMID- 3896700 TI - Death due to acute pancreatitis. A retrospective analysis of 405 autopsy cases. AB - A large retrospective autopsy study of patients was analyzed to evaluate the major etiologic and pathologic factors contributing to fatal acute pancreatitis (AP). From an autopsy population of 50,227 patients, 405 cases were identified where AP was defined as the official primary cause of death. AP was classified according to morphological and histological, but not biochemical, criteria. Patients with AP died significantly earlier than a control autopsy population of 38,259 patients. Sixty percent of the AP patients died within 7 days of admission. Pulmonary edema and congestion were significantly more prevalent in this group, as was the presence of hemorrhagic pancreatitis. In the remaining 40% of patients surviving longer than 7 days, infection was the major factor contributing to death. Major etiologic groups in AP were chronic alcoholism; postabdominal surgery; common duct stones; a small miscellaneous group including viral hepatitis, drug, and postpartum cases; and a large idiopathic group comprising patients with cholelithiasis, diabetes mellitus, and ischemia. The prevalence of established diabetes mellitus in the AP group was significantly higher than that observed in the autopsy control series, suggesting that this disease should be considered as an additional risk factor influencing survival in AP. Pulmonary complications, including pulmonary edema and congestion, appeared to be the most significant factor contributing to death and occurred even in those cases where the pancreatic damage appeared to be only moderate in extent. Emphasis placed on the early recognition and treatment of pulmonary edema in all cases of moderate and severe AP should contribute significantly to an increase in survival in this disease. PMID- 3896701 TI - Effect of oral ibuprofen on formation of prostaglandins E and F by human gallbladder muscle and mucosa. AB - In a randomized double-blind trial, the effect of ibuprofen on the pain produced by gallbladder disease and on gallbladder mucosa and muscle wall tissue PGE and PGF production was evaluated to determine if the pain of cholecystitis and prostaglandin formation were altered by administration of a prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor. To ascertain potential differences in extracellular and intracellular prostaglandin production rates, gallbladder mucosal cells and muscle tissues were maintained in tissue culture medium and then subsequently homogenized. PGE and PGF concentrations were measured in culture medium and homogenates utilizing radioimmunoassay. Gallbladder mucosa and muscle tissue produced nanogram per milligram protein amounts of PGE and PGF. As the histological estimation of the degree of inflammation increased, so also did the production of PGE. Increased inflammation was associated with unchanged PGF levels, resulting in an increased ratio of PGE/PGF with increasing inflammation. Oral ibuprofen administration was effective in decreasing PGE production by gallbladder mucosa and muscle and eliminating the significant correlation between PGE levels and the histologic degree of inflammation found in the placebo-treated patients. Ibuprofen significantly decreased the pain of cholecystitis when compared to placebo-treated patients. However, there was poor correlation between pain relief and changes in PGE production by gallbladder mucosa and muscle. PGE may play a mediator role in inflammation associated with cholecystitis. Prostaglandin synthetase inhibition decreases the pain associated with cholecystitis; however, the absence of correlation with decreased PGE formation suggests that other prostanoids may play an important role in producing the symptoms of cholecystitis. PMID- 3896702 TI - Balloon cytology in screening of asymptomatic alcoholics for esophageal cancer, Part I. AB - We assessed the feasibility of using balloon cytology to screen an asymptomatic group of alcoholics at increased risk for esophageal cancer. The results indicate that this group can be studied with minimal morbidity and that useful material can be obtained in 85% of subjects. Keratinization was present in 68% of specimens and fungus was noted in 9%. Individuals with moderate to large amounts of keratinization consumed significantly more alcohol than those without cytologic evidence of keratin. We speculate that keratinization and fungus may represent markers of enhanced malignant potential in this population. PMID- 3896703 TI - Nonhomogeneous redistribution of mesenteric blood flow after tolazoline during group B streptococcal sepsis in piglets. AB - The effect of tolazoline (Tz) on mesenteric blood flow was evaluated in a piglet model of group B streptococcal (GBS) sepsis. GBS infusion decreased cardiac output and mesenteric blood flow equivalently, while increasing systemic and mesenteric vascular resistance. At three doses between 2 and 25 mg/kg, Tz increased cardiac output and decreased systemic vascular resistance. However, at no dose did Tz improve the diminished mesenteric artery blood flow which accompanied GBS sepsis. The potential use of Tz in neonatal sepsis may be limited by its nonhomogeneous redistribution of blood flow. PMID- 3896704 TI - Pharmacokinetics and cerebrospinal fluid penetration of ceftazidime in children with meningitis. AB - The single dose pharmacokinetics and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) penetration of ceftazidime were determined in 10 children with bacterial meningitis. Serum ceftazidime pharmacokinetics showed a distinct age dependence in which the clearance in children less than 1 month of age was markedly reduced. Ceftazidime concentrations in CSF, which ranged from 1.4-8.5 micrograms/ml, exceeded the minimum bactericidal concentrations for infecting pathogens throughout the 8-hour sampling period. These concentrations were found to be independent of CSF cell count, protein concentration or the day of therapy on which the study was performed. The ratio of CSF to serum ceftazidime concentration increased with time, suggesting that ceftazidime was cleared more slowly from CSF than from peripheral blood. Our data support the initiation of a study comparing the efficacy of ceftazidime to conventional therapy in children with bacterial meningitis. PMID- 3896705 TI - [Relationship between the activity of bacteria and their electrokinetic and membrane potentials]. PMID- 3896706 TI - [Expression of the human beta-interferon gene in E. coli cells]. PMID- 3896707 TI - [Mechanisms of the Ca2+-dependent competence of bacteria: the formation of non bilayer lipid structures in E. coli cells]. PMID- 3896708 TI - [Enhanced selectivity of the activity of proteolytic enzymes covalently immobilized in a matrix of polymer hydrogels]. PMID- 3896709 TI - [Characteristics of the gene expression of DNA methylase EcoK cloned in pBR 322]. PMID- 3896710 TI - [Natural killer cells in the mechanism of cell cooperation in colony formation and erythropoiesis]. PMID- 3896711 TI - [Synthesis and processing in Escherichia coli of human leukocyte interferon linked with the signal sequence of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens alpha-amylase]. PMID- 3896712 TI - Ceftazidime review. AB - The chemistry, in vitro activity, adverse effects, and clinical indications for the new third-generation cephalosporin, ceftazidime, are reviewed. Ceftazidime appears to have a unique place among the third-generation agents in the treatment of some infectious processes caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It does not demonstrate superiority to other third-generation drugs against Enterobacteriaceae, aerobic gram-positive cocci, or anaerobes. It is eliminated renally and is similar to ceftizoxime, cefoperazone, and moxalactam in half-life. Ceftazidime shares the safety profile of most of the cephalosporins, and has not been shown to have an effect on prothrombin or produce the disulfuram reaction seen with moxalactam and cefoperazone. Specific indications for its use are discussed. PMID- 3896713 TI - Iohexol and iopamidol: second-generation nonionic radiographic contrast media. AB - Iohexol and iopamidol are new second-generation nonionic contrast media. We review their physical/chemical properties and describe the improvements made over the first-generation nonionic prototype, metrizamide, and conventional ionic contrast media. The significance of low osmolar solutions is discussed and the relationship between osmolality and adverse reactions is emphasized. The convenience of a ready-to-use stable solution that offers an advantage over the lyophilized metrizamide in practical application is suggested. Clinical studies using randomized, double-blind comparison techniques are cited. An attempt is made to define the exact role for iohexol and iopamidol. PMID- 3896714 TI - New drug therapy for kidney stones: a review of cellulose sodium phosphate, acetohydroxamic acid, and potassium citrate. AB - Kidney stones have an overall incidence of two to three percent in western countries. In many patients, the disease process is difficult to control and recurrence rates are high: 20 to 50 percent over the subsequent ten years. The pathogenesis and standard methods of treatment for the five major types of stones (i.e., calcium oxalate, struvite, calcium phosphate, uric acid, and cystine) are reviewed. Three new drugs are reviewed in the context of their roles in the selective treatment of kidney stones. Cellulose sodium phosphate (Calcibind) is a nonabsorbable ion-exchange resin with a limited indication for the treatment of calcium stones associated with absorptive hypercalciuria Type I. Acetohydroxamic acid (Lithostat) is an urease-inhibitor that is indicated as adjunctive therapy in patients with chronic urea-splitting urinary tract infections and struvite stones. Potassium citrate (Urocit) is an investigational agent that has clinical efficacy in patients with calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate stones who are hypocitraturic. In addition, potassium citrate is an alkalinizing agent that can be used in patients with uric acid stones. PMID- 3896715 TI - Nitrofurantoin. AB - For more than 30 years nitrofurantoin has been a widely prescribed and effective agent in the treatment of urinary tract infections. During this time, it has withstood the rigors of constant clinical evaluation and has competed successfully with more recent antibacterial agents. As with many widely used drugs, some serious and potentially hazardous reactions to therapy have been documented. This article reviews and analyzes major reported reactions and interactions from both published and unpublished sources. Incidence rates have been calculated for pulmonary, hepatic, neurological, and hematological responses. Calculated rates of occurrence were very low, and ranged from 0.001 percent of courses of therapy (all types of pulmonary reactions combined) to 0.0007 percent (neurological reactions). Reports on interactions of nitrofurantoin with alcohol, antacids, and oral contraceptives are unfounded and anecdotal. Interactions with nalidixic and oxolinic acids are not clinically significant, and only one case of interaction has been reported with phenytoin. Bioavailability is enhanced by food or propantheline. False positives occur with Benedict's test for urine glucose estimations. PMID- 3896717 TI - Comment: Cephalosporins in surgical prophylaxis. PMID- 3896716 TI - A comparative study of laboratory parameters in head-injured patients receiving either phenytoin or placebo for 24 months. AB - The effects of chronic phenytoin therapy on serum calcium, phosphorus, folate, and various hematological indices were assessed. One hundred and fifty-one patients, ages 18 months to 81 years, received phenytoin in a previously conducted, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Of the patients receiving phenytoin, initially 127 were evaluable while for control patients receiving placebo, 116 were evaluable. All patients had various laboratory parameters monitored at one day post-loading dose, one week, 1,3,6,9,12,15,18,21, and 24 months. Laboratory values examined were serum calcium, phosphorus, folate, white blood cell count with differential, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and red blood cell and platelet counts. A statistical analysis using the t-test method was employed to evaluate data. Data are reported as mean values +/- standard deviation. Patients suffering early hypersensitivity, manifested by a morbilliform skin rash, were removed from the drug by day 30 and were not included in the chronic therapy review. Results indicate that the various laboratory values examined were not significantly affected by phenytoin administration in the patient population. Therefore, chronic phenytoin therapy following the initial hypersensitivity period does not cause abnormal laboratory values as followed in this study. PMID- 3896718 TI - Ultrasound in pregnancy: should it be routine? PMID- 3896719 TI - [Age-related changes in the thymus-dependent immune system]. PMID- 3896720 TI - [Long-term oxygen therapy versus intermittent oxygen therapy]. PMID- 3896721 TI - [Controversies in the therapy of childhood immune thrombocytopenia]. PMID- 3896722 TI - [Ovulation inhibitors and tumors]. PMID- 3896723 TI - [The significance of preoperative and postoperative sonography for biliary tract surgery. A prospective study]. AB - 112 patients with biliary calculi and destined for cholecystectomy were sonographically investigated in a prospective study carried immediately before the operation as well as between the third and fifth, and between the seventh and ninth postoperative day. Biliary calculi were sonographically detectable in 111 of the 112 patients (sensitivity 0.99). The sonographically measured bile duct diameter agreed well with the actual bile duct diameter (r = 0.898). There was a correlation between the bile duct diameter and the severity of the underlying biliary disease. A sonographic diagnosis was successful in 11 of 17 patients with choledocholithiasis (sensitivity 0.65) whereas 10 false positive diagnoses gave a specificity of 0.88. Gallbladder wall thickness above 4 mm had a sensitivity of 0.9 and a specificity of 0.72 for the detection of severe chronic or acute cholecystitis. A high rate (50%) of postoperative subhepatic fluid collections was a conspicuous finding but these were predominantly transient or only short lived and attained clinical significance in only 7 out of 108 patients (6.5%). PMID- 3896724 TI - [Yersinia pseudotuberculosis infections. Etiologic clarification using fecal cultures]. AB - Isolation of the causative organism in stool proved the aetiology of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis in two patients. In a 12-year-old boy the clinical picture was of appendicitis. After appendicectomy the histological findings provided the diagnosis. The second patient, a 2-year-old girl, had protracted enteritis, completely cured by a course of cotrimoxazole. Culturing of Y. pseudotuberculosis from stool has previously been very rare. But new methods of culturing and other recent advances provide a better chance of success. Isolation of the organism in the acute stage of the disease should be attempted both from stool and from any biopsy material obtained during operation. PMID- 3896725 TI - [Ergotism]. PMID- 3896726 TI - [Fungus growth in the choledochus after endoscopic papillotomy]. PMID- 3896727 TI - [Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation after fractionated whole body irradiation. Results at the Kiel transplantation center]. AB - Allogeneic bone marrow transplantations were carried out between March 1983 and July 1985 in 31 patients aged 7 to 45 years (median 18 years). Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in 1st to 5th remission was present in 8 patients, acute myeloblastic leukaemia in 1st and 2nd remission in 4 patients, chronic myeloid leukaemia, with various remission status, in 6 patients, 3 patients had severe aplastic anaemia and there were single cases of myelodysplasia and immature cell megakaryocytic myelosis. Transplantation was carried out during relapse in 8 patients with either acute myeloid or lymphoblastic leukaemia. Phenotypic HLA identical mothers (n = 2) as well as genotypic HLA-identical siblings (n = 27), and in two cases HLA-non-identical mothers, served as bone marrow donors. In leukaemia patients the conditioning treatment consisted of fractionated total body irradiation and high dose cyclophosphamide or etoposide. Patients with severe aplastic anaemia received cyclophosphamide (4 X 50 mg/kg) and fractionated total nodal irradiation (total dose 8 Gy). 19 patients (61%) survived 14 to 605 days after bone marrow transplantation. 15 patients (48%) continue to remain in complete remission with Karnofsky indices of greater than or equal to 90%. Causes for death were infection (n = 3), interstitial pneumonia (n = 3), relapse (n = 3) as well as single cases involving acute graft-versus-host-disease, non engraftment of donor marrow and veno-occlusive disease of the liver. PMID- 3896728 TI - [Drug-induced colitis]. PMID- 3896729 TI - [Bacteriological and mycological study of feed]. PMID- 3896730 TI - [Parasites in feed]. PMID- 3896731 TI - [Feed-storage pests]. PMID- 3896732 TI - [Residues of plant protective compounds in feed]. PMID- 3896733 TI - [Toxic elements in feed]. PMID- 3896734 TI - [Effects of an increased intake of various elements, trace elements and nitrate in farm-produced feed on the health and fertility of dairy cows]. PMID- 3896735 TI - [Remarks on the possible further development of food legislation from the scientific viewpoint]. PMID- 3896736 TI - Clinical evaluation of temocillin in urinary tract infections. AB - A group of 27 female and 2 male urological patients, aged 19 to 80 years (mean 44 years), were treated with intravenous temocillin 500 mg twice daily for 5 to 7 days. The diagnoses were acute pyelonephritis (n = 20), acute cystitis (n = 6), and acute cystitis and pyelonephritis combined (3). The causative organisms were Escherichia coli (n = 20). Proteus species (n = 9). Klebsiella species (n = 4). Streptococcus faecalis (n = 2). Staphylococcus epidermidis (n = 1), and Providencia stuartii (n = 1). 27 of the 29 patients (93%) were clinically and bacteriologically cured; bacteriuria persisted in 2 patients with prolonged obstructive uropathy. In acute non-obstructive pyelonephritis, the urinary excretion of beta-2-microglobulin rapidly decreased, documenting a prompt renal tubular restitution during therapy. The drug was well tolerated and proved very safe with regard to haematological, hepatic and renal parameters. Also, Candida haemagglutination titres did not increase significantly during therapy. Temocillin therapy should preferably be commenced after the results of the urine culture are available. PMID- 3896737 TI - Temocillin treatment of gynaecological infections with special reference to blood and tissue concentrations. AB - Tissue concentrations of temocillin were determined in samples from gynaecological surgical patients. Measurable concentrations of temocillin were observed during the entire time period investigated (up to 7 hours post administration). Inhibitory concentrations for the majority of susceptible bacteria were achieved. The therapeutic results observed in 40 patients with various infections (90% fully effective, 5% partially effective) confirm the high efficacy of temocillin in the treatment of gynaecological infections. PMID- 3896738 TI - Temocillin in the treatment of gram-negative septicaemia. AB - The effectiveness of temocillin in the treatment of culture-proven Gram-negative septicaemia was investigated in 22 adult patients, most of whom were elderly with serious underlying diseases. Administration of temocillin 2g twice daily to 15 patients or 1g twice daily to 7 patients resulted in clinical cure in 15 patients (68%), while 4 responded partially (18%) and 3 were considered failures (14%). The original pathogen was eradicated from 20 of 21 assessable patients (95%), 1 patient was unassessable and 1 was considered a failure. Superinfection was documented in 4 patients, originating twice in a central venous catheter, once in the urinary tract and once in an unidentified source. No clinical nor biological side effects were observed except for pain at the injection site in 1 patient who received the drug intramuscularly. We conclude that temocillin in monotherapy can be used effectively for proven Gram-negative septicaemia, and that the safety of the drug makes it particularly valuable in the elderly. PMID- 3896739 TI - Temocillin in the treatment of serious gram-negative infections. AB - Temocillin was used to treat 32 patients with proven or suspected infection caused by aerobic Gram-negative bacteria. 25 of these patients were assessable on clinical and bacteriological grounds. All 25 were either cured or improved, although in 5 patients with urinary tract infection there was relapse of infection or reinfection following the cessation of therapy. Clinical improvement was usually rapid and no serious side effect was noted. Temocillin would thus appear to be an effective and safe agent for the treatment of bacterial infection caused by aerobic Gram-negative organisms. PMID- 3896740 TI - Therapeutic experience with temocillin in peritonitis. AB - The therapeutic efficacy of the new beta-lactam antibiotic, temocillin, was studied in 30 critically ill patients with peritonitis, abscesses, bronchopneumonia, and serious soft tissue infections. Patients were treated with temocillin Ig intravenously twice daily. The isolated pathogens comprised mainly Escherichia coli and Proteus, but enterococci, Pseudomonas species, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Citrobacter species, Bacteroides species, streptococci and peptococci were also implicated. Temocillin was effective in 21/22 patients with peritonitis, as well as in 6/8 patients with long-lasting infections due to temocillin-sensitive pathogens. No adverse reactions to temocillin were observed. The indications for temocillin in patients undergoing abdominal surgery are discussed. PMID- 3896741 TI - Temocillin treatment of serious infections due to gram-negative bacilli in an intensive care unit. AB - In a group of 27 severely ill patients in an intensive care unit, 40 infections caused by Gram-negative bacilli were treated with temocillin 2g twice daily by the direct intravenous route. The patients (17 men and 10 women) were aged from 35 to 93 years (mean 65.7 years) and 22 had severe underlying diseases. In addition, 10 of the patients were admitted to the intensive care unit following surgery; 6 had acute renal insufficiency, 5 had acute respiratory insufficiency, and 12 were suffering from infectious shock. The infections included septicaemia (19), urinary tract infection (10), respiratory tract infection (4) and biliary tract infection (4). The most frequent bacterial isolate was Escherichia coli (14), followed by Enterobacter cloacae (5), Proteus spp. (5) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (4). The initial pathogens were eliminated in 34/40 infections (85%) and the corresponding clinical cure rate was 60%, with a further 27.5% of patients being improved. In the septicaemic patients, 17/19 pathogens were eradicated from the blood, while clinically, 12 patients were cured and 5 were improved. Eight of the 10 urinary tract pathogens were eliminated, with 6 patients being clinically cured and a further 3 being improved. All of the initial pathogens in both biliary tract and respiratory tract infections were eradicated, accompanied by clinical success in 3 and 2 patients, respectively; the remaining patients were improved. Superinfection with streptococcus group D, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus was seen in 3 patients. The emergence of resistance to temocillin occurred in an isolate of E. coli, and also possibly in an isolate of K. pneumoniae. No adverse reactions nor abnormal laboratory values related to temocillin administration were observed and, although 7 patients died, none of the deaths were attributable to uncontrolled Gram-negative infection. PMID- 3896742 TI - Guanadrel. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic use in hypertension. AB - Guanadrel sulphate is an orally active peripheral sympathetic inhibitor (adrenergic neuron-blocking drug). In comparative studies, guanadrel was comparable in efficacy with guanethidine or methyldopa in mild to moderately severe hypertension, although generally it caused fewer central nervous system side effects than methyldopa and less orthostatic dizziness and diarrhoea than guanethidine. However, its efficacy in patients whose blood pressure remains inadequately controlled by other drugs (except diuretics alone) has yet to be adequately demonstrated. Guanadrel has a rapid onset of action and a half-life of about 10 hours, thus dose titration can be achieved more rapidly than with guanethidine, and twice daily administration is appropriate. Generally, guanadrel has been well tolerated, withdrawal of treatment due to adverse effects seldom being necessary. Thus, guanadrel appears to be a suitable alternative to methyldopa for the treatment of mild to moderately severe hypertension not controlled adequately by diuretics alone. PMID- 3896743 TI - Photosensitivity due to drugs. AB - Photosensitivity reactions induced by drugs may be phototoxic or photoallergic in nature. Acute phototoxic reactions are by far the more common, and are generally characterised by erythema and oedema followed by hyperpigmentation and desquamation. Chronic repeated injury of this type may result in fragility, blistering and milia formation or even actinic keratoses and skin cancers. The photochemical mechanisms involved differ with the chemical photosensitiser involved. They include photoaddition of the chemical to biological targets such as DNA, the formation of toxic products due to absorption of the action spectrum by the photosensitising molecule, or the activation of toxic oxygen species or free radicals. Subsequent activation of the complement pathways may participate in the photoresponse to certain agents. Photoallergic reactions are uncommon. They represent an acquired altered reactivity dependent on a circulating antibody or a cell-mediated hypersensitivity process. Clinically, they are characterised by an immediate wheal and flare or a delayed papular to eczematous process. Some of the same drugs which cause phototoxic responses occasionally produce photoallergic reactions. PMID- 3896744 TI - Vitamins in psychiatry. Do they have a role? AB - Deficiencies of specific vitamins produce consistent symptoms of psychiatric disorder. Thiamine deficiency, which is common in alcoholism, can produce confusion and psychotic symptoms, in addition to neurological signs. Vitamin B12 and folate deficiency may contribute symptoms of disorientation, depression or psychosis; their measurement is a part of routine dementia work-ups. Pyridoxine deficiency results in seizures, although the effects of exogenously administered pyridoxine are not clearly understood in depression and anxiety - the disorders in which it is most frequently used clinically. The use of vitamins has been most prominent in psychiatry in the treatment of schizophrenia, where large doses of nicotinic acid were initially given alone and later combined with other vitamins and minerals. Several theoretical models were described to support the use of vitamins in schizophrenia. These included: the parallels of schizophrenia to the psychiatric symptoms of pellagra; hypotheses of a defect in adrenaline metabolism; and the accumulation of psychotoxic substances which produce psychotic symptoms. Initially, positive results were reported over 30 years ago, but have not been replicated by thorough investigations. An extensive series of comprehensive placebo-controlled trials failed to show efficacy for any of the vitamin therapies tested. Although clearly less effective than antipsychotic drug treatment, vitamin therapy is not without risks - adverse effects have been reported with nicotinic acid, pyridoxine and vitamin C.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3896746 TI - Interaction between perinatal brain damage and processes of normal brain development. Ultrasonographic and neurodevelopmental study in the first year of life. AB - A systematic ultrasonographic study and a prospective neurodevelopmental assessment were carried out in a population of high-risk neonates. In group A (82 preterm infants of 34 weeks gestation or less), periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage (PVH) and periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) were the commonest lesions. The association of PVH, PVL and ventricular dilatation had a variable outcome and the prognosis was found to be poorer in the presence of diffuse or extensive PVL. In group B (115 neonates of more than 34 weeks gestation), miscellaneous ultrasound changes were observed (malformations, infections, hemorrhages and hypoxic-ischemic lesions). Malformations, hypoxic-ischemic damage and prenatal infections had a gloomy prognosis. The main targets of hypoxic ischemic damage in the immature infant were the germinal layer and the periventricular white matter, while in the mature infant the cortex and basal ganglia were more vulnerable. A relation between the localization and the size of the lesion could be established. In conclusion, basic forms of cerebral damage should therefore be understood in terms of brain maturation, type and timing of the insult, extent and localization of the lesion. PMID- 3896747 TI - [Possibilities and applications of rapid microbiological diagnosis]. PMID- 3896748 TI - [Characterization of IgM and IgA-class antibodies in the diagnosis of infection]. PMID- 3896745 TI - Drugs and folate metabolism. AB - Folates are a group of compounds which are required in the diet and are important in DNA, amino acids and possibly also amine metabolism. The biologically active folates are in the tetrahydro form. Tetrahydrofolates are produced from unreduced dietary folates by the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase. A number of drugs such as aminopterin, methotrexate (amethopterin), pyrimethamine, trimethoprim and triamterene act as folate antagonists and produce folate deficiency by inhibiting this enzyme. With other drugs which produce low serum and tissue concentrations of folate such as anticonvulsants, antituberculosis drugs, alcohol and oral contraceptives, the mechanism of this effect is uncertain. Possible mechanism include reduced absorption, prevention of release of folate from tissue stores, altered plasma protein binding, or increased folate metabolism in the liver. Treatment with folic acid antagonists such as methotrexate readily causes megaloblastic anaemia; this can be prevented by therapy with folinic acid (5 formyltetrahydrofolate). The role of other drugs in producing megaloblastic anaemia is less certain, e.g. it occurs in less than 0.75% of patients receiving anticonvulsants. The possible neurological and psychiatric effects of folate deficiency are also uncertain. However, in patients with folate deficiency who have neuropsychiatric symptoms, neuropathy or myelopathy, and normal vitamin B12 levels, it may be of value to try therapy with folic or folinic acid. PMID- 3896749 TI - [Is the etiological diagnosis of pneumonia possible?]. PMID- 3896750 TI - [Current microbiological methods in the diagnosis of urinary tract infections]. PMID- 3896751 TI - [Microbiology in the control of hospital infections]. PMID- 3896752 TI - [Significance and detection of anaerobic bacteria in infection]. PMID- 3896753 TI - [Imaging of the gallbladder--selection of the optimal technic]. PMID- 3896754 TI - [Effect of isotheoline on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system]. PMID- 3896755 TI - [Clinical (behavior scale items), electrophysiologic (conditioned evoked potentials) and biochemical (urinary homovanillic acid) markers in infantile autism]. AB - Infantile autism is a behaviorally defined syndrome. Many investigators suggest that it is probably related to a brain dysfunctioning in which catecholamine metabolism is involved. The aim of the following paper is to study the validity of different clinical and biological markers of this syndrome: 1. clinical scores using a behavioral rating scale, 2. amplitude and variability of conditioned auditory evoked potentials, 3. urinary levels of homovanillic acid. The response of these markers in autistic children treated with vitamin B6 and magnesium have been assessed. The relationships found between clinical and biological data are discussed. It can be expected that such an approach would contribute to a better understanding of the underlying mechanism of autism. PMID- 3896756 TI - Effect of ovarian hormones on glucose metabolism in mouse soleus muscle. AB - The effects of ovarian steroid hormones on insulin binding and insulin-stimulated glucose metabolism were studied in soleus muscles isolated from groups of ovariectomized adult female mice treated orally for 10 weeks with replacement doses of 17 beta-estradiol (E2) (5 micrograms/kg X day) and progesterone (P) (1 mg/kg X day) alone and in combination. Groups of intact and ovariectomized mice were also treated with placebo. Total muscle insulin binding at 0.17 nM insulin was reduced by 32% in ovariectomized mice, and this effect was partially reversed by each of the sex steroid treatments. Ovariectomy was associated with a decrease (29%) in insulin-stimulated 2-deoxyglucose uptake, while E2 alone produced a 2 fold increase in insulin-stimulated 2-deoxyglucose uptake, glucose oxidation, and glycogenesis. P alone did not significantly alter these parameters of glucose metabolism, but P antagonized the effects of E2 when the two hormones were administered in combination. The results provide evidence that E2 promotes insulin-mediated glucose uptake and utilization in skeletal muscle. The data also indicate that E2 and P exert different effects at postreceptor sites of the insulin effector pathway. PMID- 3896757 TI - Progesterone decreases the responsiveness of ovine pituitary cultures to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone. AB - Progesterone (P4) regulation of LH secretion in sheep was studied in vitro using dispersed pituitary cell cultures. Neither cell content nor basal secretion of LH were normally altered by P4, but maximal stimulation of LH secretion by LHRH was suppressed up to 70% with 10(-7) M P4, without changing the ED50 of LHRH. The inhibitory effect of P4 appeared within 6 h and became maximal by 24 h but was partially reversed during continued treatment with P4. The inhibitory effect was completely reversed by 24 h after P4 withdrawal. The ED50 of P4 was 10(-9) M. P4 also decreased the sensitizing effect of 17 beta-estradiol (E2) on LHRH-induced LH secretion in ovine pituitary culture. It partially inhibited the E2-induced increase in maximal response to LHRH and decreased the ability of E2 to lower the ED50 of LHRH. Our results clearly show that P4 can act directly on the ovine pituitary to inhibit both normal and E2-sensitized LH responsiveness to LHRH. PMID- 3896758 TI - Characterization of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase in human adrenal cortex. AB - Our study compares the properties of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase from a human metastatic virilizing carcinoma and that from normal adrenal glands obtained from kidney donors. Optimal conditions for enzyme assay were obtained when a 50-mM imidazole buffer (pH 7.2) containing 5 mM EDTA, 250 mM NaCl, 1 mM phenyl-methylsulfonylfluoride, 0.1 mM leupeptin, and 5.5 mM dithiothreitol (DTT) was used. A 30-min preincubation period preceding addition of substrates enhanced reductase activity by 1.75-fold. In crude microsomal preparations, Km values were similar for both tumor and normal tissues and varied between 4 and 5 microM (S)HMG-CoA. The presence of NaF in homogenization and incubation media decreased the maximum velocity, but not the Km. A partially purified rat liver phosphorylase phosphatase preparation or a similar preparation from the carcinoma restored to maximal levels the reductase activity of microsomes prepared in the presence of NaF. A Km of 96 microM NADP was found for the carcinoma microsomal preparation. Preincubation of microsomes in the presence of monothioglycerol or DTT resulted in an increased reductase activity, suggesting a possible inactive enzyme precursor(s) consisting of disulfide-linked units. Reactions of the DTT-activated enzyme incubated in the presence of increasing amounts of NADPH showed sigmoidal kinetics. Under reducing conditions, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting revealed the presence of a 92.5K mol wt protein band that reacted with a rat antireductase antibody. Reductase activity in different regions of the carcinoma varied from 679-1763 pmol/mg protein, with an average of 1146 pmol. In three normal adrenal glands we found values of 23.4, 48.1, and 36 pmol. We concluded that the expression of HMG-CoA reductase activity was elevated in human adrenal carcinoma. PMID- 3896759 TI - Gonadotropin-releasing hormone induces classical meiotic maturation in subpopulations of atretic preantral follicles. AB - GnRH has been shown to induce premature meiotic maturation in preantral follicles of the immature estrogen-primed hypophysectomized rat. As these animals are free of circulating gonadotropins and contain large numbers of full-grown oocytes in preantral follicles, we have investigated this model to determine its usefulness in studying meiotic maturation. We show that a maximum dose of the agonist D Trp6,Pro9,Net-LRF (GnRH-a) induces approximately 25% of full grown oocytes to resume meiosis within a 12-h period. This response is dose dependent (ED50 = 0.24 microgram/rat) and specific for GnRH-a. GnRH-a stimulates germinal vesicle breakdown and first polar body formation within 2 and 8 h, respectively. More than 75% of those oocytes that initiate meiotic maturation reach metaphase II by 15 h. This effect of GnRH parallels the time course of physiological meiotic maturation triggered by LH as well as that of oocytes maturing spontaneously in vitro. Oocytes in primordial and primary follicles do not respond to GnRH. The majority of affected follicles are small tertiary follicles (200-400 micron in diameter) and show signs of atresia. This atresia is not caused by GnRH-a and does not, in itself, result in meiotic maturation, but appears to confer susceptibility to GnRH-a-induced meiotic maturation. Our studies indicate that this animal model will be useful to elucidate further the mechanisms and requirements for meiotic maturation. It will also facilitate investigation of the role of atresia in the GnRH response of tertiary follicles and the issue of follicle heterogeneity within these animals. PMID- 3896760 TI - Importance of short luteal phases in the endocrine mechanism controlling initiation of estrous cycles in anestrous ewes. AB - A transient increase in serum progesterone concentrations (to 1 ng/ml for 1-2 days) is observed in the majority of ewes before the first estrous cycle of the breeding season. To determine whether such a brief antecedent rise in progesterone ensures initiation of a full-length cycle by the next LH surge, synthetic GnRH was administered for 3 days to 24 anestrous ewes in a pulsatile fashion designed to mimic the pattern of LH secretion during the preovulatory period of the breeding season. Six ewes received no further treatment, and 6 ewes were treated sc with Silastic implants containing progesterone for 3 days before injecting GnRH. The remaining 12 ewes were treated with additional injections of GnRH every 4 h for the next 5 days. Four of these ewes received a second increase in GnRH pulse frequency, every 2 h and hourly on the subsequent 2 days. An LH surge was stimulated by each regimen of increasing GnRH pulse frequency in all ewes; progesterone pretreatment had no effect on its time of onset, duration, or amplitude. The LH surges induced full-length luteal phases in 10 of 10 ewes when preceded by either an exogenous (n = 6) or an endogenous (n = 4) progesterone increment, but in only 8 of 18 ewes not pretreated with progesterone. These results indicate that a transient increase in progesterone ensures that an ensuing LH surge will initiate an estrous cycle and suggest that progesterone may play an important role in the endocrine mechanisms governing transitions from acyclic to cyclic states. PMID- 3896762 TI - Gonadotropin-releasing hormone pulses in third ventricular cerebrospinal fluid of ovariectomized rhesus monkeys: correlation with luteinizing hormone pulses. AB - Morphological evidence suggests that GnRH may be released into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of the third ventricle. Therefore, a method of cannulating the third ventricle of monkey brains was developed for the purpose of examining GnRH secretion in primates. A stainless steel guide cannula was stereotaxically implanted into the third ventricle of 14 ovariectomized rhesus monkeys. A Silastic cannula for collecting CSF was inserted via the guide cannula into the ventral portion of the ventricle, permitting repeated CSF sampling for long time periods from the same animal. One week to 6 months after cannulation, CSF was collected continuously for periods of 5-10 h at 2 different rates (480 and 120 microliter/h) from conscious monkeys seated in chairs. Samples were divided into 15-min fractions, and the GnRH concentration in each was determined by RIA. In contrast to most previous studies, third ventricular CSF was found to contain significant concentrations of GnRH. GnRH was detected in 40 of 50 collections. Concentrations ranged from less than 8 to greater than 800 pg/ml, a range similar to that observed in hypophyseal portal blood. Furthermore, fluctuations within individual collections indicated that GnRH was released in pulses. The mean GnRH pulse frequency during the higher rate of CSF withdrawal was 0.43 +/- 0.06 pulses/h (n = 31), while the mean pulse amplitude was 91 +/- 7 pg/ml (n = 64). Neither parameter was influenced by the rate of CSF removal, as frequency was 0.52 +/- 0.08 pulses/h (n = 19) and amplitude was 94 +/- 11 pg/ml (n = 82) during the lower collection rate. However, the CSF withdrawal rate had a profound influence on LH secretion. In 12 of 17 collections at the higher rate, LH levels plummeted to undetectable concentrations during the first 2 h of CSF exfusion and remained low throughout the collection period. Pituitary responsiveness was not reduced, as a GnRH bolus (0.25 or 2.5 micrograms) after 6 h of CSF removal elicited a dose-dependent stimulation of LH secretion. In contrast, a higher incidence of normal pulsatile LH secretion (12 of 19 collections) was observed when the CSF withdrawal rate was reduced. During these 12 collections, LH and GnRH pulses occurred at regular intervals and exhibited similar pulse frequencies (mean +/- SE, 0.76 +/- 0.07 and 0.67 +/- 0.09 pulses/h for LH and GnRH, respectively). Most GnRH and LH pulses were synchronized, as 86% of all GnRH pulses (43 of 50) were accompanied by a LH pulse.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3896761 TI - Brain and liver insulin binding is decreased in Zucker rats carrying the 'fa' gene. AB - Insulin binding was measured in membrane particles prepared from the liver and several brain regions of 4-month-old female Zucker fa/fa (obese), Fa/fa (heterozygous), and Fa/Fa (lean) rats. High affinity insulin binding was decreased in the olfactory bulb of fatty (0.23 pmol bound/mg protein) and heterozygous (0.16 pmol/mg) rats compared with that in the lean controls (0.64 pmol/mg). Total binding was not changed in the cerebral cortex or hypothalamus. High affinity insulin binding was also decreased in the liver of both fatty (0.44 +/- 0.22 pmol/mg; P less than 0.01) and heterozygous (0.75 +/- 0.35 pmol/mg) animals compared with that in the lean rats (2.10 +/- 1.55 pmol/mg). This decreased binding is probably not due to down-regulation of receptors in the heterozygous rats, as they do not exhibit the hyperinsulinemia observed in the fatty rats. Rather, our findings suggest that there is a gene-related alteration in insulin binding in the Zucker rat, as low binding was observed in rats carrying either one (Fa/fa) or two (fa/fa) doses of the gene. We postulate that this central defect in insulin binding may contribute to inadequate perception of a central insulin feedback signal and to the hyperphagia observed in the obese rats. PMID- 3896763 TI - Enhanced hepatic insulin sensitivity and peripheral glucose uptake in cold acclimating rats. AB - Cold-exposed rats exhibit hypermetabolism, hyperphagia, and increased glucose oxidation. Their counterregulatory hormone secretion is markedly elevated, while insulin levels fall acutely, gradually returning to basal during acclimation. We assessed both hepatic and peripheral sensitivity to insulin in rats in the basal state and after 5 days of cold (5 C) exposure. The contribution of gluconeogenesis to total glucose turnover was measured and compared to daily urinary corticosterone excretion. Hepatic glucose production was equally suppressed by the infusion of insulin at 1.2 mU/kg X min in both control and cold acclimated rats, but enhanced hepatic sensitivity to low dose (0.6 mU/kg X min) insulin infusion was only observed after cold exposure. The metabolic clearance of glucose was elevated with cold stress and was insensitive to the infusion of insulin at either level. Insulin resistance was not observed. Urinary excretion of corticosterone and urea nitrogen were markedly increased, but creatinine excretion was unchanged, suggesting that the concurrent increase in gluconeogenesis resulted from increased protein intake rather than increased catabolism of muscle protein. PMID- 3896764 TI - Synthesis and release of luteinizing hormone in vitro by rat anterior pituitary cells: effects of gallopamil hydrochloride (D600) and pimozide. AB - We compared the role of Ca2+ in regulating GnRH-induced LH synthesis and release from cultured rat pituitary cells. LH synthesis and release were measured after a 4-h treatment of cells with gallopamil hydrochloride (D600; 1 and 100 microM), a Ca2+ channel blocker, or pimozide (0.5 and 5.0 microM), a calmodulin inhibitor, with or without 1 nM GnRH. LH translation and glycosylation were monitored by measuring incorporation of [14C]alanine and [3H]glucosamine, respectively, into total (cell and medium) immunoprecipitable LH. GnRH significantly (P less than 0.01) increased total [3H]LH (glycosylation), but had no effect on total [14C]LH (translation). D600 significantly (P less than 0.01) depressed (1 microM) and completely blocked (100 microM) GnRH-induced LH glycosylation and release of [3H]LH, [14C]LH, and immunoreactive LH. D600 (100 microM) also reduced (P less than 0.05) total basal synthesis of [14C]LH. Neither dose of D600 altered uptake of [3H]glucosamine, but 100 microM D600 significantly (P less than 0.01) depressed its incorporation into total protein. D600 (100 microM) significantly (P less than 0.01) depressed [14C]alanine uptake and incorporation into total protein. Pimozide significantly (P less than 0.01) reduced, in a dose-related manner, GnRH-induced LH glycosylation, and release of immunoreactive LH, [3H]LH, and [14C]LH. Pimozide did not alter LH translation or uptake of radiolabeled precursors or their incorporation into total protein. These results demonstrate that D600 and pimozide inhibit both GnRH-induced LH glycosylation and release. Thus, the actions of GnRH on LH glycosylation and release are both mediated by similar Ca2+-dependent pathways. PMID- 3896765 TI - Lysosomal digestion of thyroglobulin: role of cathepsin D and thiol proteases. AB - Purified hog thyroid lysosomes, prepared by a procedure previously developed in this laboratory, were used to study lysosomal digestion of [131I]thyroglobulin [131I]Tg). The lysosomal proteases were solubilized with 0.1% Triton X-100. Rates of proteolytic digestion, measured by the release of ethanol-ammonium acetate extractable 131I, were greatly stimulated by thiol reagents. The pH optimum was also affected by the presence of thiols. In the absence of a thiol reagent, a broad pH optimum was observed, ranging from 3.5-4.5. However, in the presence of 1 mM mercaptoethanol, the maximum rate of digestion occurred at pH 5.0, very close to reported values for the internal pH of lysosomes. Pepstatin, an inhibitor of cathepsin D, markedly inhibited lysosomal digestion of [131I]Tg at concentrations as low as 0.01 micrograms/ml. Its inhibitory effect was greater at pH 3.5 (pH optimum of cathepsin D) than at pH 5.0. Leupeptin, an inhibitor of thiol proteases, was not as potent as pepstatin, but it was significantly inhibitory at a concentration of 1 microgram/ml. In contrast to pepstatin, leupeptin displayed a greater inhibitory effect at pH 5.0 than at pH 3.5. The pH optimum of hog thiol proteases has been reported to range from 5.5-6.5. The effects of the two inhibitors were additive at pH 5.0. We conclude from these results that both cathepsin D and thiol proteases play a role in lysosomal digestion of Tg. Cathepsin D appears to be quantitatively more important than thiol protease in the initial phase of the digestion. The stimulatory effect of thiols on lysosomal digestion of [131I]Tg probably involves two separate effects: 1) stimulation of thiol proteases, and 2) reduction of S-S bonds in Tg, making the protein more susceptible to attack by proteolytic enzymes. Poorly iodinated [131I]Tg was more rapidly hydrolyzed than well iodinated [131I]Tg, based on the release of ethanol-ammonium acetate-extractable 131I. However, there was little or no difference in the rate of total peptide bond cleavage between poorly iodinated and well iodinated Tg. These results suggest that the first sites of iodination of Tg are preferentially attacked by lysosomal proteases. Long term (24-h) digestion of [131I]Tg with solubilized thyroid lysosomes at pH 5.0 in the presence of thiol compounds was just as effective as digestion with pronase at pH 8.0 in liberating free 131I-labeled iodothyronines and 131I-labeled iodotyrosines. Thus, thyroid lysosomes contain the full complement of proteases and peptidases required for cleaving free iodoamino acids from Tg. PMID- 3896766 TI - Clinical suitability of a sonic vibratory endodontic instrument. PMID- 3896767 TI - The ovarian androgen producing cells: a review of structure/function relationships. PMID- 3896768 TI - The Y-linked testis determining gene and H-Y plasma membrane antigen gene: are they one and the same? PMID- 3896769 TI - Hypothyroidism and atherosclerotic heart disease: pathogenesis, medical management, and the role of coronary artery bypass surgery. PMID- 3896770 TI - Mass spectrometry: application to steroid and peptide research. PMID- 3896771 TI - Macromolecule transport across the pulmonary microvessel walls. AB - In summary, it has been difficult to assess the permeability properties of the pulmonary capillary membrane. However, new mathematical and experimental techniques have recently been developed which are of sufficient sensitivity and specificity to begin to evaluate the complex mechanisms responsible for many forms of lung pathology. While future work will undoubtedly need to address problems associated with heterogeneity of pulmonary blood flow, and with an equally heterogeneous population of vascular permeability and fluid formation sites, we currently need to focus on using the correct experimental approaches for assessing vascular permeability. The appropriate techniques are described in the text and indicate that the measurements of reflection coefficients using lymph obtained at high vascular pressures, filtration coefficients obtained from both isolated and intact lungs, and two-pore models are useful in assessing vascular permeability. PMID- 3896773 TI - Transformation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe with linear plasmids containing 2 micron sequences. AB - Linear plasmids were constructed by adding telomeres prepared from Tetrahymena pyriformis rDNA to a circular hybrid Escherichia coli-yeast vector and transforming Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The parental vector contained the entire 2 mu yeast circle and the LEU gene from S. cerevisiae. Three transformed clones were shown to contain linear plasmids which were characterized by restriction analysis and shown to be rearranged versions of the desired linear plasmids. The plasmids obtained were imperfect palindromes: part of the parental vector was present in duplicated form, part as unique sequences and part was absent. The sequences that had been lost included a large portion of the 2 mu circle. The telomeres were approximately 450 bp longer than those of T. pyriformis. DNA prepared from transformed S. cerevisiae clones was used to transform Schizosaccharomyces pombe. The transformed S. pombe clones contained linear plasmids identical in structure to their linear parents in S. cerevisiae. No structural re-arrangements or integration into S. pombe was observed. Little or no telomere growth had occurred after transfer from S. cerevisiae to S. pombe. A model is proposed to explain the genesis of the plasmids. PMID- 3896772 TI - Potential human health effects of acid rain: report of a workshop. AB - This report summarizes the potential impact of the acid precipitation phenomenon on human health. There are two major components to this phenomenon: the predepositional phase, during which there is direct human exposure to acidic substances from ambient air, and the post-depositional phase, in which the deposition of acid materials on water and soil results in the mobilization, transport, and even chemical transformation of toxic metals. Acidification increases bioconversion of mercury to methylmercury, which accumulates in fish, increasing the risk to toxicity in people who eat fish. Increase in water and soil content of lead and cadmium increases human exposure to these metals which become additive to other sources presently under regulatory control. The potential adverse health effects of increased human exposure to aluminum is not known at the present time. PMID- 3896774 TI - Molecular cloning and characterization of the yeast RAD10 gene and expression of RAD10 protein in E. coli. AB - A plasmid designated pNF101 was isolated by transforming rad10 mutants with a yeast genomic library and screening transformed cells for enhanced resistance to killing by u.v. radiation. Plasmid pNF101 fully complements the u.v. sensitivity of rad10 mutant strains and was shown to contain the RAD10 gene by genetic analysis of integrant strains. The nucleotide sequence of the RAD10 gene was determined. The coding region consists of 195 codons and could encode a polypeptide of calculated mol. wt. 22 616 daltons. RAD10 protein expressed in Escherichia coli maxicells has a mol. wt of approximately 30 kd measured by gel electrophoresis. The RAD10 gene was localized to chromosome XIII of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by hybridization of the cloned gene to yeast chromosomes resolved by electrophoresis, and by genetic analysis. PMID- 3896775 TI - Cloning and expression of Klebsiella pneumoniae genes coding for citrate transport and fermentation. AB - Three Escherichia coli clones (DH1/Cit1, DH1/Cit2 and DH1/Cit3) capable of utilizing citrate as a sole carbon source were isolated from a cosmid bank of Klebsiella pneumoniae wild-type DNA. Two of these clones (DH1/Cit1 and DH1/Cit2) only grew aerobically on citrate minimal medium, the third clone (DH1/Cit3) could also be cultured under fermentative conditions. The aerobic as well as the anaerobic generation times of the three clones were from 4.5 to 7 h. Whereas clone DH1/Cit3 showed a pronounced lag phase on citrate when the cells were pre grown in medium without citrate, clone DH1/Cit1 immediately started growth, while with clone DH1/Cit2 a short lag phase could be observed upon transfer to citrate minimal medium. Restriction analyses of the three plasmids showed that no common fragments had been cloned. The length of the inserts were 13 and 6 kb for the aerobic Cit+ clones and 27 kb (10 kb) for the anaerobic one. Cultures of the anaerobic Cit+ clone were analyzed by immunoblotting techniques and shown to contain oxaloacetate decarboxylase, which confers citrate utilization under anaerobic conditions to K. pneumoniae. Enzyme assays demonstrated the active state of this biotin-containing membrane protein. The specific activity in vesicle preparations from the E. coli clone was 30% of the wild-type K. pneumoniae vesicles. Citrate acts as an inducer of enzyme protein synthesis in the E. coli clone as it does in K. pneumoniae. PMID- 3896776 TI - Mutations within the 23S rRNA coding sequence of E. coli which block ribosome assembly. AB - We have used site specific mutagenesis in vitro to construct a set of deletion mutations within the 5' region of a cloned 23S rRNA gene. In contrast to previously studied mutations in this gene, some of these deletions prevent the incorporation of 23S rRNA into ribosomal particles. This result is discussed in terms of a model in which interaction with the assembly initiator protein, L24, is perturbed. PMID- 3896778 TI - The mechanism of action of oestrogens. PMID- 3896777 TI - Analysis of the differentiation-promoting potential of inducible c-fos genes introduced into embryonal carcinoma cells. AB - To investigate the differentiation-promoting potential of c-fos in embryonal carcinoma cells (EC cells) we have designed various human metallothionein promoter-mouse-c-fos gene constructs containing also the selectable SV40 promoter driven neo gene. Upon transfection into F9 EC cells and selection for neo resistance, the following results were obtained. (i) With each of the constructs, colonies of morphologically altered and differentiated (i.e., TROMA-1 and TROMA-3 expressing) cells were identified. (ii) Expression of c-fos was required to affect the differentiation state of F9 cells to a significant extent, but a low level was sufficient; no enhancement of differentiation was noticeable even after 100-fold induction of c-fos expression by cadmium. (iii) F9 cell clones were isolated which, in spite of very high levels of exogenous c-fos expression, had stem cell morphology. These cells, however, continuously generated morphologically altered and differentiated cells upon subculturing. (iv) In other EC cell lines, which resemble stem cells more closely than the 'partially differentiated' F9 cells, c-fos expression showed either a less pronounced (P19 cells) or no differentiation-promoting effect at all (PC13 cells). Our results suggest that the c-fos gene product acts in concert with other, probably 'spontaneously' occurring events to promote differentiation of certain EC cell lines. PMID- 3896779 TI - Mucous glycoproteins: a gel of a problem. PMID- 3896780 TI - Actin and myosin multigene families: their expression during the formation of skeletal muscle. PMID- 3896781 TI - Morphology and molecular function of the cholinergic synapse. PMID- 3896782 TI - Leucyl-tRNA and lysyl-tRNA synthetases, derived from the high-Mr complex of sheep liver, are hydrophobic proteins. AB - The leucyl-tRNA and lysyl-tRNA synthetase components of the multienzyme complex from sheep liver were selectively dissociated by hydrophobic interaction chromatography on hexyl-agarose and purified to homogeneity. Conservation of activities during the purification required the presence of Triton X-100. The homogeneous enzymes corresponded to a monomer of Mr 129000 and a dimer of Mr 2 X 79000, respectively. Both were strongly adsorbed to the hydrophobic support phenyl-Sepharose, in conditions where the corresponding purified enzymes from yeast and Escherichia coli were not bound. Moreover, like the corresponding enzymes from yeast but unlike those of prokaryotic origin, the purified leucyl tRNA and lysyl-tRNA synthetases derived from the complex displayed affinity for polyanionic supports. It is shown that proteolytic conversion of lysyl-tRNA synthetase to a fully active dimer of Mr 2 X 64000, leads to loss of both the hydrophobic and the polyanion-binding properties. These results support the view that each subunit of lysyl-tRNA synthetase is composed of a major catalytic domain, similar in size to the subunit of the prokaryotic enzyme, contiguous to a chain extension which carries both cationic charges and hydrophobic residues. The implications of these findings on the structural organization of the complex are discussed in relation to its other known properties. PMID- 3896783 TI - Amino acid substitutions that reduce the affinity of penicillin-binding protein 3 of Escherichia coli for cephalexin. AB - The location of amino acid substitutions that allow an enzyme to discriminate between the binding of its normal substrate and a substrate analogue may be used to identify regions of the polypeptide that fold to form the substrate binding site. We have isolated a large number of cephalexin-resistant mutants of Escherichia coli in which the resistance is due to the production of altered forms of penicillin-binding protein 3 that have reduced affinity for the antibiotic. Using three mutagens, and a variety of selection procedures, we obtained only five classes of mutants which could be distinguished by their patterns of cross-resistance to other beta-lactam antibiotics. The three classes of mutants that showed the highest levels of resistance to cephalexin were cross resistant to several other cephalosporins but not to penicillins or to the monobactam, aztreonam. The penicillin-binding protein 3 gene from 46 independent mutants was cloned and sequenced. Each member of the five classes of cephalexin resistant mutants had the same amino acid substitution in penicillin-binding protein 3. The mutants that showed the highest levels of resistance to cephalexin had alterations of either Thr-308 to Pro, Val-344 to Gly, or Asn-361 to Ser. The Thr-308 to Pro substitution had occurred within the beta-lactam-binding site since the adjacent residue (Ser-307) has been shown to be acylated by benzylpenicillin. The Asn-361 to Ser change occurred in a region that showed substantial similarity to regions in both penicillin-binding protein 1A and 1B and may also define a residue that is located within the beta-lactam-binding site in the three-dimensional structure of the enzyme. PMID- 3896784 TI - Inactivation of Clostridium botulinum type A neurotoxin by trypsin and purification of two tryptic fragments. Proteolytic action near the COOH-terminus of the heavy subunit destroys toxin-binding activity. AB - Limited treatment of Clostridium botulinum type A neurotoxin with trypsin resulted in the cleavage of the heavy (95000 Da) subunit at approximately the mid position and a loss of toxic activity. The rate of toxicity loss was considerably faster than that of mid-chain cleavage; thus a loss of toxicity in excess of 90% was accompanied by only 30-35% mid-chain cleavage of the heavy subunit. A study of the binding of 125I-labelled neurotoxin to rat brain synaptosomes showed the loss of toxicity on trypsin treatment to be paralleled by a loss of toxin binding to rat brain synaptosomes suggesting the presence of at least two sites of tryptic action on the 95000-Da binding subunit. Prolonged treatment of the neurotoxin with trypsin resulted in the complete digestion of a 46000-Da fragment of the heavy subunit, leaving intact a soluble fragment of approximately 105000 Da containing the light subunit linked to the remaining (49000-Da) portion of the heavy subunit. This fragment exhibited less than 0.01% of the original toxicity and gave immunoprecipitation reactions indistinguishable from the native toxin. The 49000-Da portion of the heavy chain was purified from the 105000-Da fragment of the toxin and the sequence of the first 35 amino acids determined. The sequence of the first 10 residues was found to be identical to that previously reported for the heavy subunit showing that the 49000-Da fragment represents the NH2-terminal portion of the heavy chain and that this region is resistant to tryptic action. It is suggested that the primary site(s) of tryptic action on the heavy subunit of botulinum type A neurotoxin is close to the COOH terminus and that cleavage of the polypeptide chain in this region results in a loss of toxic activity mediated by the destruction of the neurotoxin-binding site. PMID- 3896785 TI - Insulin-stimulated protein synthesis in adipocytes. Enhanced rate of initiation associated with increased phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6. AB - The mechanisms of insulin stimulation of protein synthesis in adipocytes are presently unknown. Addition of 10 nM insulin to isolated rat adipocytes caused a 1.5-2.5-fold increase in the protein synthetic rate and a corresponding increase in nascent chain level, indicating that the effect of insulin on protein synthesis in adipocytes is mediated by a stimulation of ribosomal initiation. The effect on protein synthesis exhibited a lag time of 6-8 min after insulin addition. A similar time dependence was also observed for the insulin-induced phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6. This supports the proposal that these two phenomena are causally linked. PMID- 3896787 TI - Non-disruptive detection of DNA polymerases in nondenaturing polyacrylamide gels. AB - A non-disruptive method is described with which DNA polymerases can be detected in homogeneous preparations and unfractionated cell extracts after electrophoresis in nondenaturing polyacrylamide gradient gels. The technique involves diffusion of DNA polymerase activity into an overlay assay agarose gel, the synthesis of radioactive DNA, removal of excess substrates and autoradiography. Cell extracts from a variety of organisms were studied using this method. The activity from Escherichia coli crude extracts migrated in a position corresponding to a higher molecular mass than did purified preparations of DNA polymerase I. DNA polymerases of higher organisms generally migrated in positions corresponding to 400--900 kDa, in some cases, close to 200 kDA. PMID- 3896786 TI - The redox interconversion mechanism of Saccharomyces cerevisiae glutathione reductase. AB - The changes undergone by pure yeast glutathione reductase during redox interconversion have been studied. Both the active and inactive forms of the enzyme had similar molecular masses, suggesting that the inactivation is probably due to intramolecular modification(s). The glutathione reductase and transhydrogenase activities were similarly inactivated by NADPH and reactivated by GSH, while the diaphorase activity remained unaltered during redox interconversion of glutathione reductase. These results suggest that the inactivation site could be located far from the NADPH-binding site, although interfering with transhydrogenase activity, perhaps by conformational changes. The inactivation of glutathione reductase by 0.2 mM NADPH at pH 8 was paralleled by a gradual decrease in the absorbance at 530 nm and a simultaneous increase in the absorbance at 445 nm, while the reactivation promoted by GSH was initially associated with reversal of these spectral changes. The inactive enzyme spectrum retained some absorbance between 500 nm and 700 nm, showing a shoulder at 580-600 nm. Upon treatment of the enzyme with NADPH at pH 6.5 the spectrum remained unchanged, while no redox inactivation was observed under these conditions. It is suggested that the redox inactivation could be associated with the disappearance of the charge-transfer complex between the proximal thiolate and oxidized FAD in the two-electron-reduced enzyme. The inactive enzyme was reactivated by low GSSG concentrations, moderate dithiol concentrations, and high monothiol concentrations. These results and the spectral changes described above support the hypothesis attributing the redox interconversion to formation/disappearance of an erroneous disulfide between one of the half-cystines located at the GSSG binding site and another cysteine nearby. PMID- 3896788 TI - Role of carbohydrates within variant surface glycoprotein of Trypanosoma congolense. Protection against proteolytic attack. AB - The effects of tunicamycin on different aspects of structure and biosynthesis of variant surface glycoprotein from Trypanosoma congolense have been studied. Deglycosylated variant antigen becomes synthesized in vitro, is transported through the cell, and is deposited on the cell surface in equivalent amounts compared to the glycosylated species. In contrast to the glycosylated molecule only marginal amounts of high-molecular-mass fragments can be removed from the parasitic cell by externally added proteases in the case of tunicamycin-treated cells. Most of the material removed by proteases from the cell surface of tunicamycin-treated cells has a molecular mass lower than 2 kDa. Many additional proteolytic cleavage sites become accessible after removal of the glycan chains. There is no indication that in the deglycosylated molecule the same preferential protease-sensitive site exists as is found in the glycosylated species. These results suggest that glycosylation of variant surface glycoprotein could be important for the survival of the parasite within the host organism. PMID- 3896789 TI - Reversible dissociation of aspartokinase I/homoserine dehydrogenase I from Escherichia coli K 12. The active species is the tetramer. AB - Dimers of aspartokinase I/homoserine dehydrogenase I from Escherichia coli K 12 have been isolated under very mild conditions. The dimers which cannot be distinguished from the tetramers by their kinetic properties, reassociate in the presence of potassium ions or L-aspartate. The selective sensitivity of aspartokinase I/homoserine dehydrogenase I to mild proteolytic digestion of dimers has been used to probe the reassociation reaction under the conditions of aspartokinase assay. We demonstrate that rapid reassociation occurs and that the protein species present in the assay when dimers are used to test the activity is tetrameric. These results confirm the previously proposed model for the subunit association of aspartokinase I/homoserine dehydrogenase I. PMID- 3896790 TI - A conductimetric method for assaying asparaginase activity in Aspergillus nidulans. AB - Aspergillus nidulans asparaginase activity may be assayed conductimetrically. The method is based on the increase of conductivity which is due to the production of ammonia and/or aspartate in a reaction mixture containing A. nidulans cell-free extract and asparagine or aspartate hydroxamate. This conductivity is linear with time and enzyme concentration and it follows Michaelis kinetics. Conductimetric activity was not detectable in mutants lacking asparaginase activity. PMID- 3896791 TI - Turgor-controlled K+ fluxes and their pathways in Escherichia coli. AB - Escherichia coli like most gram-negative bacteria with walls maintains a cytoplasmic osmolarity exceeding that of the medium; the resulting hydrostatic pressure (turgor pressure) pushes the cytoplasmic membrane against the peptidoglycan and creates a tension in the two envelopes. Potassium is the only cation which takes part in the regulation of cellular osmolarity. The adaptation of intracellular K+ concentration to external osmolarity involves K+ turgor controlled fluxes. When the medium osmolarity is raised an osmodependent influx of K+ can be observed; this is carried out by the K+ transport system TrkA which can also taken up rubidium. A specific and unidirectional pathway allows K+ ions to flow out of the cell when the medium osmolarity is decreased; this pathway reveals two characteristics: it has no affinity for rubidium and it can be blocked by the blockers of eukaryotic K+ channels. Osmodependent fluxes are turned on immediately after the medium osmolarity is disturbed; in contrast, they are turned off gradually as the rate of K+ fluxes approach zero. The rate of K+ influx seems to depend on the level of internal osmolarity and not on the extent of the increase in medium osmolarity. The rate of the efflux is directly proportional to the decrease in medium osmolarity and is independent on the level of internal osmolarity. PMID- 3896792 TI - Isolation and partial purification of a novel anticoagulant from arteries of human umbilical cord. AB - An anticoagulant fraction was isolated from the homogenate of human umbilical cord arteries, using Sephadex gel filtration and DEAE-Sephacel chromatography. Analysis with dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and inactivation studies using proteolytic enzymes indicate that the anticoagulant activity is associated with a polypeptide with an apparent Mr of 32 000. The anticoagulant inhibits thromboplastin as well as factor Xa induced clotting but does not affect thrombin initiated fibrin formation. The anticoagulant inhibits the activation of prothrombin by the complete prothrombinase complex, by phospholipid bound factor Xa but not by free factor Xa. The inhibition is instantaneous and independent of the incubation time over the whole range of concentrations tested. Therefore, the anticoagulant is unlikely to be a phospholipase or a protease. Its action does not resemble that of the plasma protease inhibitors, but it probably interferes with the phospholipid--clotting factor interactions. PMID- 3896793 TI - Metabolism of 2-oxoaldehyde in yeasts. Purification and characterization of NADPH dependent methylglyoxal-reducing enzyme from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - An enzyme catalyzing the reduction of methylglyoxal was isolated from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its enzymatic properties were analyzed. The enzyme, specifically eluted from a blue-dextran--Sepharose CL-6B column by the substrate, methylglyoxal, was homogeneous on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The enzyme consisted of single polypeptide chain with a relative molecular mass of 43 000. The enzyme was glycoprotein and contained 6.6% carbohydrate. NADPH was specifically required for activity and the Km for NADPH was 2.0 X 10(-7) M. The enzyme was active on various glyoxals such as glyoxal, methylglyoxal (Km = 5.88 mM) and phenylglyoxal (Km = 1.54 mM). The reaction catalyzed by the enzyme was virtually irreversible. The activity was inhibited by sulfhydryl agents and activated by reducing agents such as glutathione. Intermediates in glycolysis, nucleosides, nucleotides, polyamines and various metal ions showed little inhibitory or activating effects on enzyme activity. Tricarboxylic acids showed a slight inhibitory effect. The activity of the enzyme was strongly inhibited by anionic detergents. The enzyme was rapidly inactivated by incubating with the substrates probably because of the non-enzymatic interaction between glyoxals and NH2 groups in arginine residues in the enzyme. NADP, one of the reaction products, also inhibited the enzyme activity and the Ki for NADP was about 0.07 mM. We tentatively designated the enzyme methylglyoxal reductase. PMID- 3896794 TI - Percutaneous catheter nephrostomy drainage--results of 70 procedures. AB - Percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN) was performed 70 times in 46 patients. In the majority of cases the procedure was carried out as an emergency to relieve urinary obstruction. 20 of the patients had subsequent elective surgery, in others PCN allowed time for other forms of treatment to become effective. The technique carries a low mortality and morbidity, can be performed using either fluoroscopic or ultrasound imaging and should be available in all radiology departments. PMID- 3896795 TI - Digital subtraction angiography and pulmonary vascular anomaly. Two case reports. AB - Two cases are described in which a tortuous pulmonary density, suspicious of vascular anomaly, was studied using venous digital subtraction angiography. One proved to be a pulmonary varix, the other an A-V fistula. The establishment of the diagnosis of such lesions is discussed and the value of D.S.A. is emphasized in comparison with conventional pulmonary angiography by right heart catheterization. PMID- 3896796 TI - The prospective diagnostic value of real-time cholecystosonography. AB - A series of 82 consecutive patients scheduled for operation, with pre-operatively obtained P.O. cholecystography and in some cases also I.V. cholangiography, is presented. All patients had cholecystosonography performed "blindly" the day prior to the operation (76 had a cholecystectomy and six had a vagotomy). Based upon the operative findings, the diagnostic value of ultrasonic examination for gallstones can be calculated to predictive value of positive test--1.00; predictive value of negative test--0.71. The diagnostic failures are discussed but it is not possible to predict which patients will benefit more from peroral cholecystography rather than from ultrasound. It is concluded that cholecystosonography is a safe alternative to peroral cholecystography. PMID- 3896797 TI - The sonographic aspects of haemobilia. Clinical and experimental study. AB - The sonographic aspect of the gallbladder in seven cases of haemobilia is analysed. The changes include a diffuse echogenic gallbladder content during the initial stage. Later, irregular shaped inhomogeneous non shadowing masses are seen in the dependent parts of the lumen. This variable aspect was studied in an experimental model by percutaneous injection of blood in the gallbladder of Guinea pigs. The hyperechoic gallbladder content, seen early after injection is a transitory phenomenon which seems related to red cell aggregation before coagulation occurs. During the later stage the intraluminal masses were shown by histology to represent bloodclots. In a patient the observation of such a rapid evolution from diffuse hyper-reflectivity to less reflective masses is strongly suggestive of haemobilia. PMID- 3896798 TI - Treatment of pyogenic splenic abscess by ultrasonically guided fine needle puncture. AB - One case of pyogenic splenic abscess, diagnosed and treated by several ultrasonically guided fine needle punctures, is presented. This noninvasive procedure provided a definitive therapy preserving the spleen. Evacuating fine needle puncture seems to be an alternative therapy of splenic abscess, especially in patients with reduced operability. PMID- 3896799 TI - Ultrasonography of the thyroid. An intracystic carcinoma and mousetyphoid induced abscess. A report of two cases. AB - Two rare diseases of the thyroid gland are described. One, an intracystic carcinoma, has apparently only been described once before. The other, a mousetyphoid induced abscess, is extremely rare. Without ultrasonography both conditions would have been misdiagnosed in the first instance. It is advocated that all uncertain thyroid conditions and all "cold" areas on scintigraphy should be examined with ultrasonography. PMID- 3896800 TI - Renal abscess: report of a case with sonographic, urographic and CT evaluation. AB - The appearance of a renal abscess on realtime-ultrasound, excretion urography and computed tomography is presented of an operatively and histologically proven case. An unusually hyperdense rim of the lesion is observed on native CT-scan. Knowledge of clinical symptoms is most important for correct interpretation of diagnostic imaging techniques. PMID- 3896801 TI - Iohexol and ioxithalamate for intravenous urography. A comparative parallel study. AB - Omnipaque (iohexol) 350 mg I/ml has been compared with Telebrix (ioxithalamate) 380 mg I/ml in 48 patients undergoing intravenous urography. The contrast medium dose corresponded to 400 mg I/kg body weight. No cardiovascular reactions (BP and pulse rate) were observed. Subjective reactions occurred somewhat more frequently after Telebrix than after Omnipaque. Sensation of warmth was significantly less with Omnipaque (p less than or equal to 0.05). The overall radiological quality was equally good for the two contrast media. PMID- 3896802 TI - Prostacyclin (PGI2) and thromboxane (TXA2) levels during intravenous contrast medium administration in CT. AB - Meglumine/sodium diatrizoate was administered as a one minute bolus of 60 ml. (60%) and subsequent 5 minute infusion of 250 ml. (24%) into antecubital veins during pelvic CT Scanning of 15 patients. Blood samples were taken from the opposite arm before and at 1 and 5 minutes after starting the contrast medium injection. The average plasma concentrations of diatrizoate were 2.2 +/- 0.5 and 3.8 +/- 0.8 mg./ml. in the 1 and 5 minute blood samples, respectively. The systemic levels of thromboxane A2 (TXA2) increased in 10 patient's plasma during contrast medium infusion while the level of prostacyclin (PGI2) remained unchanged. One patient had immediate adverse reaction due to contrast without any changes in PGI2 of TXA2 levels. Contrast medium infusion increased the systemic ratio of TXA2/PGI2 which may predispose to hemostatic disorders. PMID- 3896803 TI - Microtubule distribution and reorganization in the first cell cycle of fertilized eggs of Lytechinus pictus. AB - We present a detailed immunofluorescence study of the distribution of microtubules in Lytechinus pictus from fertilization until first cleavage, using an improved technique for extraction and fixation of sea urchin eggs. Eggs were prepared for fixation by brief treatment with a buffer selected for its ability to maintain mitotic spindle birefringence while extracting opaque cytoplasm. Subsequent glutaraldehyde fixation and borohydride treatment provided reliable preservation of microtubule arrays with very low background fluorescence. 4'-6 Diamino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining of the chromosomes allowed events of the chromosomal cycle to be related to those of the microtubule cycle. By sampling cells frequently between fertilization and first cleavage, we obtained good images of transitional stages between monaster, interphase asters, pause asters, and the mitotic spindle, as well as the changes in spindle structure during mitosis. These showed that: During the growth of the sperm aster, microtubules are present elsewhere in the cell. The monaster does not persist into interphase and divide, but rather breaks down simultaneously with the formation of the bipolar interphase array. During mitotic spindle formation fibers from the pause asters extend around the nuclear envelope, on the surface of which chromosomes occupy discrete sites. Upon nuclear envelope breakdown, these fibers penetrate the nuclear region as the chromosomes move to the metaphase plate, consistent with chromosomal capture by the forming spindle. During anaphase, the mitotic poles become hollow and elongated perpendicular to the long axis of the spindle, consistent with recent studies on centrosomal shape changes during mitosis. PMID- 3896804 TI - Co-expression of cytokeratin and vimentin filaments in mesothelial, granulosa and rete ovarii cells of the human ovary. AB - The intermediate filament (IF) system of the various cells of human, pig and rat ovaries was studied by electron microscopy, by immunolocalization using antibodies to cytokeratins, vimentin, desmin and desmoplakin, and by two dimensional gel electrophoresis of cytoskeletal proteins from microdissected tissue samples. In human ovaries, surface epithelial cells (mesothelium) were stained by antibodies against cytokeratins, desmoplakins and vimentin. Biochemical analysis revealed cytokeratins Nos. 8, 18 and 19, together with variable amounts of No. 7. Granulosa cells of follicles of all stages were also positive for cytokeratins, desmoplakins and vimentin, in agreement with the electron microscopic finding of desmosomes in these cells. As the follicle matured, the cytokeratin content usually appeared to decrease, whereas vimentin remained unchanged. On gel electrophoresis, granulosa cells presented cytokeratins Nos. 8 and 18 and vimentin. Rete ovarii cells were also positive for both cytokeratins, desmoplakins and vimentin, and the electron microscopy revealed numerous desmosome-tonofilament complexes. Oocytes appeared to be devoid of IFs. Corpus luteum cells were rich in vimentin but biochemical analysis also revealed small amounts of cytokeratins Nos. 8 and 18. In contrast, cells of the ovarian stroma and luteinized stromal nodules were positive for vimentin only. A certain type of scattered stromal cells, especially around tertiary follicles and corpora lutea, and also desmin-positive. Pig and rat ovaries differed from human ones in that vimentin was not detected in ovarian mesothelium and cytokeratins were not seen in granulosa cells. The latter, however, contained significant amounts of vimentin. These results indicate that three cell types of human ovary, i.e. surface epithelial, granulosa and rete ovarii cells, can be regarded as true epithelial cells which, however, simultaneously express vimentin, a phenomenon frequently seen in cultured epithelial cells but uncommon in epithelial tissues. The presence of cytokeratins in granulosa cells in all types of human follicles is discussed with regard to the development of these cells. In contrast, granulosa cells of the other two mammalian species only display vimentin IF. Such differences between different mammalian species in IF composition of ovarian components present an example which precludes extrapolation of data from one species to another. The results are discussed in relation to current views of the histogenesis of various ovarian tumors. PMID- 3896805 TI - The effect of harmine on the localization of the nucleolar proteins C23 and B23. AB - In this study we show that harmine treatment (10 mg/l for 2 or 24 h) of PtK2 cells had a marked effect on the localization of the nucleolar phosphoproteins C23 and B23. C23 was localized with silver staining in the fibrillar areas of completely segregated nucleoli. B23 was localized mainly on the periphery of the nucleoli with the aid of immunofluorescence. PMID- 3896806 TI - The morphology of endosomes in giant HeLa cells. AB - The endosomal compartment of giant HeLa cells was labelled with a transferrin horse radish peroxidase (HRP) conjugate. Serial thin sections from the leading lamella of a cell are presented; they show that the endosomal compartment contains a tubular system connected to vesicular structures. In addition, small (approximately 50 nm) coated vesicles are seen in the leading lamella. PMID- 3896807 TI - Cytoskeletal proteins at the cholinergic synapse: distribution of desmin, actin, fodrin, neurofilaments, and tubulin in Torpedo electric organ. AB - Treatment of the electric organ of Torpedo marmorata with Triton X-100 in the presence of 2 mM MgCl2 generated a cytoskeletal fraction in which a 54 kDa polypeptide is a major constituent. This 54 kDa polypeptide accounted for about 8% of the cellular protein when total electric organ tissue was analyzed by two dimensional gel electrophoresis. Immunoblotting experiments showed that this protein reacts with monoclonal antibodies to desmin, the major intermediate filament protein of avian and mammalian muscle tissue. Negative stain analysis revealed that filaments of about 10 nm diameter are the major structural elements of the electric organ cytoskeleton. In the presence of Ca2+ there was a rapid degradation of the desmin-like protein and intermediate filaments due to a Ca2+ activated protease. Some of the resulting fragments retained antigenic activity against the desmin antibodies. Immunoblotting of membrane fractions enriched in acetylcholine receptor revealed desmin in addition to some actin. A further cytoskeletal component was identified from biochemical and immunological properties as a homologue of the mammalian neurofilament L-polypeptide. Thus Torpedo expresses proteins homologous to the mammalian desmin and neurofilament L protein which can be detected using immunological approaches. Immunofluorescence microscopy was used to map the location of various cytoskeletal proteins of the cholinergic synapse on paraffin sections and on en face preparations of membranes. Desmin staining was restricted to electrocytes and in en face preparations was seen associated with both the ventral receptor-containing membrane and with the non-innervated dorsal membrane. Antibodies to neurofilament L-protein stained only the axons and not the electrocytes. Staining for fodrin, a non-erythrocyte spectrin, resulted in submembraneous decoration of both the axons and the electrocytes. Axonal staining for neurofilaments and microtubules did not extend into the ends of the nerve terminal arborizations. PMID- 3896808 TI - Identification of blood coagulation factor XIII in human peritoneal macrophages. PMID- 3896809 TI - Immuno-electronmicroscopical localization of a microvillus membrane disaccharidase in the human small-intestinal epithelium with monoclonal antibodies. AB - The cellular localization of the human intestinal disaccharidase, sucrase isomaltase, was visualized in ultrathin cryosections by the use of specific monoclonal antibodies [25] followed by protein A-gold. The principle site of immunoreaction concerned the microvillus membrane, which supports current concepts of the localization of these hydrolases. One antibody against sucrase isomaltase also showed labeling of the Golgi apparatus, apical vesicles, and lysosomes, but not of the basolateral membrane. The labeling of the Golgi complex was uniform, suggesting the absence of accumulation of sucrase-isomaltase in cisternae during its passage through this organelle. Absence of labeling of the basolateral membrane appears to support the view that newly synthesized sucrase isomaltase is transferred directly from the Golgi complex to the microvillus membrane, bypassing the basolateral membrane. However, the results do not exclude the possibility of a very rapid passage through the basolateral membrane. A substantial fraction of the sucrase-isomaltase occurred in lysosomes, which indicates that this organelle plays a major role in the catabolism of microvillar hydrolases. Transport of sucrase-isomaltase to lysosomes might occur by endocytosis or via the crinophagic pathway. The latter was previously postulated to reflect a regulatory mechanism at the post-Golgi level for the surface expression of microvillar membrane proteins. PMID- 3896810 TI - Immunohistochemical localization of thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase in adult rats. AB - Rabbit antisera against homogeneous rat liver thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase (NADPH-oxidized thioredoxin oxidoreductase, E.C. 1.6.4.5) were prepared and used for immunohistochemical analysis in adult rats. Immunoreactive thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase were widely distributed in tissues and organs, but varied a lot between cell types. Generally, epithelial cells, neuronal cells and secretory cells, both exocrine and endocrine, showed high immunoreactivity whereas mesenchymal cells with exceptions showed low activity. Surface lining epithelial and keratinizing cells showed high activity. The immunofluorescence was localized in the cytoplasm of cells with enrichments at secretory granules, at the plasma membrane or in the subplasma membrane zone. Variations in secretory cells were seen related to feeding and starvation and to metabolic activity. The distribution of thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase is compatible with function in thiol-disulfide interchange reaction related to protein synthesis, intracellular transport and different forms of secretion. PMID- 3896811 TI - Very early intervention with metoprolol in suspected acute myocardial infarction. AB - A double blind randomized study of 800 patients was carried out to determine if very early intervention with metoprolol (15 mg I.V. followed by oral administration) in suspected acute myocardial infarction affected overall mortality in selected subgroups, (age, site of infarct, delay to intervention). Sudden death occurred less frequently in patients allocated to metoprolol but there was no significant difference in total mortality on discharge, at three months and at twelve months. Ventricular fibrillation after intervention was not significantly reduced. Adverse reactions did not occur significantly more frequently in patients assigned to metoprolol. PMID- 3896812 TI - Ultrasounds examination during polychemotherapy for ovarian cancer. AB - The usefulness of ultrasound diagnosis during polychemotherapy for ovarian cancer is valued. Between September 1980 and March 1983, 32 patients with ovarian cancer underwent polychemotherapy, had an ultrasound follow-up. Ultrasounds are very important for selecting the patients who must undergo second look. PMID- 3896813 TI - Cytology in the past, present and future. PMID- 3896814 TI - Measurement of glomerular filtration rate using 99mTc-DTPA and the gamma camera: a comparison of methods. AB - A variety of methods have been proposed to estimate the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) from the renal uptake of technetium Tc 99m-DTPA using a gamma camera. To compare alternative methods, we calculated the GFR in several different ways from measurements in 33 patients and compared the results with an independent GFR measurement based on eight-point plasma clearance of ytterbium Yb 169-DTPA. The best agreement was obtained using an algorithm that has not been described previously, in which correction was made for overlap of the kidneys by the liver and spleen. The correlation coefficient was 0.958, and the residual standard deviation was 12.1 ml/min. This method required a single 20-min blood sample as well as the camera data. The best method not requiring a blood sample was significantly less accurate, with a correlation coefficient of 0.837 and a residual standard deviation of 23.1 ml/min. The accuracy of these methods was comparable to that reported for creatinine clearance, the most commonly used estimate of the GFR in current clinical practice. PMID- 3896815 TI - Lymphoscintigraphy. AB - Lymphoscintigraphy has been used as a noninvasive means of evaluating lymph node involvement. The potential exists for its wider application to other malignancies. Additionally, it is useful in determining the etiology of edema of the extremities. We report the use of 99mTc-antimony sulfide colloid lymphoscintigraphy to determine the etiology of edema of an extremity in a lymphoma patient. PMID- 3896816 TI - Alcohol and obesity: a new look at high blood pressure and stroke. An epidemiological study in preventive neurology. AB - An investigation of the staff of a car assembly plant (3,351 persons) revealed a similarity between the change in relative body weight and diastolic blood pressure with age. There is a good temporal correlation between the course of alcohol consumption during life and the change of the relative body weight. German women had significantly less blood pressure for the same relative body weight than German men, and foreign employees had lower blood pressure than Germans. In both cases the main cause is the difference in alcohol consumption. Besides obesity and hereditary factors, alcohol is the main cause of "essential" hypertension today. Epidemiological and experimental data indicate that there are two ways from alcohol to high blood pressure, a more direct one and an indirect one via obesity. Alcohol causes obesity via a change in metabolism (hyperinsulinism) rather than by higher caloric intake. In both ways alcohol is an important cause of stroke. To reduce body weight and blood pressure, a reduction of alcohol consumption should be recommended in addition to reduced caloric intake and increased physical activity as means of preventive neurology. PMID- 3896817 TI - Ultrasound imaging of the corpora cavernosa after priapism. PMID- 3896818 TI - Language and aging. PMID- 3896819 TI - Measurement of parasite-specific immune responses in vitro: evidence for suppression of the antibody response to Trypanosoma cruzi. AB - Using the Mishell and Dutton culture system, we have developed an assay for eliciting and quantifying parasite-specific immune responses in vitro. The ability of spleen cells from noninfected and Trypanosoma cruzi-infected mice to respond to parasite-associated antigens was assessed by examining the primary plaque-forming cell response to trinitrophenylated T. cruzi (TNP-TC). The response to TNP-TC of both normal, noninfected, unprimed mice and mice infected with T. cruzi is T cell dependent and appeared to involve recognition of parasite antigens by T. cruzi-specific T cells. In most experiments, spleen cells from infected mice respond to TNP-TC at levels equal to, or below, that of spleen cells from normal mice. This near "normal" response is in apparent contrast to the suppressed response of spleen cells from infected mice to another antigen (sheep red blood cells) or TNP on a different carrier (TNP-chicken erythrocytes). Demonstration that the response of spleen cells from infected mice to TNP-TC can be potentiated by addition of interleukin 2-containing supernatants or by depletion of plastic and Sephadex G-10-adherent cells suggests that the mechanisms which control the response of infected mice to nonparasite antigens may also limit parasite-specific immune responses. PMID- 3896820 TI - Binding of Coprococcus comes to the Fc portion of IgG. A possible role in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease? AB - Previous studies have shown that the fecal flora of patients with Crohn's disease (CD) differed from the flora of healthy subjects by a higher number of anaerobic gram-positive coccoid rods. Sera from patients with CD agglutinated four strains of coccoid rods (Me44, C18, Me46 and Me47) more frequently and stronger than sera from healthy subjects and patients with other diseases. One of these bacteria, Coprococcus comes strain Me46, was not ingested by neutrophils after coating with specific IgG. In the present study, therefore, the binding of IgG and of Fab and Fc fragments to the four coccoid rods was investigated using immunofluorescence and absorption techniques. Results were compared with those obtained with Staphylococcus aureus strain Cowan I and showed that Me46, like S. aureus, bound (nonspecifically) IgG through its Fc portion whereas strain Me47 bound IgG through the Fab portion. Possible implications of the findings for CD are discussed. PMID- 3896821 TI - Inhibition of thromboxane and 12-HPETE formation by dazoxiben and its two thiophenic acid-substituted derivatives. AB - LG 82-4-00 (5-(2-(1-imidazolyl)-ethoxy)-thiophene-2-carboxylate) and LG 82-4-01 (4-chloro-thiophenic-substituted derivative) were examined for specific inhibition of thromboxane (TX) synthetase. Thromboxane formation was measured by a radioimmunoassay specific for TXB2. In thrombin (0.6 IU/ml)-stimulated, washed human platelet suspensions (WPS) the IC50 (microM) for inhibition of TX formation were 1.1 (LG 82-4-00), 1.3 (LG 82-4-01) and 0.7 (dazoxiben). LG 82-4-00, LG 82-4 01 and dazoxiben also inhibited collagen (0.6-2.5 micrograms/ml)-induced TXB2 formation and platelet aggregation in human platelet-rich plasma. Neither LG 82-4 00 nor LG 82-4-01 had vasoconstrictor, proaggregatory or TX antagonistic activity or affected primary wave ADP aggregation. There was less than 10% inhibition of PGI2 formation from bovine coronary artery slices with concentrations up to 100 microM. At 100 microM, dazoxiben inhibited thrombin-induced 12-HPETE formation in WPS by 81 +/- 10% whereas LG 82-4-00 and LG 82-4-01 were much less active. These data indicate that LG 82-4-00 and LG 82-4-01 are specific inhibitors of thromboxane synthetase in human platelets. PMID- 3896822 TI - Microtubules and the organization of the Golgi complex. AB - Electron microscopic and cytochemical studies indicate that microtubules play an important role in the organization of the Golgi complex in mammalian cells. During interphase microtubules form a radiating pattern in the cytoplasm, originating from the pericentriolar region (microtubule-organizing centre). The stacks of Golgi cisternae and the associated secretory vesicles and lysosomes are arranged in a circumscribed juxtanuclear area, usually centered around the centrioles, and show a defined orientation in relation to the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Exposure of cells to drugs such as colchicine, vinblastine and nocodazole leads to disassembly of microtubules and disorganization of the Golgi complex, most typically a dispersion of its stacks of cisternae throughout the cytoplasm. These alterations are accompanied by disturbances in the intracellular transport, processing and release of secretory products as well as inhibition of endocytosis. The observations suggest that microtubules are partly responsible for the maintenance and functioning of the Golgi complex, possibly by arranging its stacks of cisternae three-dimensionally within the cell and in relation to other organelles and ensuring a normal flow of material into and away from them. During mitosis, microtubules disassemble (prophase) and a mitotic spindle is built up (metaphase) to take care of the subsequent separation of the chromosomes (anaphase). The breaking up of the microtubular cytoskeleton is followed by vesiculation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and partial atrophy, as well as dispersion of the stacks of Golgi cisternae. After completion of the nuclear division (telophase), the radiating microtubule pattern is re-established and the rough endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi complex resume their normal interphase structure. This sequence of events is believed to fulfil the double function to provide tubulin units and space for construction of the mitotic spindle and to guarantee an approximately equal distribution of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi complex on the two daughter cells. PMID- 3896823 TI - The endosomal compartment of rat hepatocytes. Its characterization in the course of [125I]insulin internalization. AB - When freshly isolated hepatocytes are incubated with [125I]insulin in the presence of the microtubule-disrupting agent colchicine, internalization of the labelled hormone is not significantly altered. However, the drug limits the endocytosis of the labelled material to a peripheral band of cytoplasm extending 1 micron beyond the plasma membrane. Both in the presence and absence of colchicine, internalized [125I]insulin preferentially associates with clear vesicles (endosomes) and lysosome-like structures, but the relative amount of labelled material associated with clear vesicles is higher in the presence of the drug than in its absence. An inverse pattern is observed for the lysosome-like structures. As demonstrated by cytochemical methods, clear vesicles do not contain the lysosomal enzyme aryl sulfatase. Moreover, colchicine induces an increase of the clear vesicle diameter without affecting their frequency, while it perturbs multivesicular bodies and dense bodies in an opposite way by increasing their frequency without affecting their size. By reducing and/or delaying the fusion between internalized endocytotic vesicles and lysosomes, colchicine allows better characterization of the endosomal compartment of isolated rat hepatocytes and allows it to be distinguished from other compartments, such as multivesicular bodies and the Golgi apparatus. PMID- 3896824 TI - The role of p53 in growth of mouse fibroblast lines. AB - To examine the hypothesis that p53 protein may play a central role in regulating reproduction of mammalian cells, we compared the absolute amounts and relative rates of synthesis of p53 protein in two pseudonormal cell lines, 3T3 and C3H 10T1/2, during quiescence, during log proliferation, and in quiescent cells stimulated with serum. The absolute amount of p53 protein per cell was found to be severalfold lower in quiescent cells than in log-phase cells. The ratio of the rate of synthesis of p53 protein to the rate of synthesis of total protein was slightly higher in quiescent cells than the same ratio in log-phase cells. Thus, entry into quiescence is not accompanied by a differential switch-off of synthesis of p53 protein. In quiescent cells stimulated with serum the amount of p53 protein per cell and its rate of synthesis increase, but only in proportion to the increase in total protein per cell and the increase in rate of total protein synthesis. Similarly, 12-14 h after serum stimulation, the time of the G1 to S transition, the accumulated increase in p53 protein per cell is about what would be expected for a short-lived protein whose rate of synthesis has increased in proportion to the increase in rate of synthesis of total protein. The results are not those expected for a protein that functions specifically in release from quiescence or in transition from G1 to S. PMID- 3896825 TI - Fluctuations in S-adenosyl-L-methionine (AdoMet) during mitotic cycle of the myxomycete Physarum polycephalum. AB - A sensitive radioisotope dilution method was used to measure the S-adenosyl-L methionine (AdoMet) content in macroplasmodia of the slime mold Physarum polycephalum during the mitotic cycle. The AdoMet pool had two maxima, one during mitosis, the other in the middle of G2 phase. PMID- 3896826 TI - Similar dose response of heat shock protein synthesis and intracellular pH change in yeast. AB - In Saccharomyces cerevisiae both the induction of heat shock proteins (98, 85, 70 kD) and the intracellular pH, determined by means of 31P-NMR spectroscopy, show a similar dose response to increasing temperature or concentrations of 2,4 dinitrophenol (DNP). Temperature increases from 23 degrees to 32 degrees C or more, or concentrations of DNP higher than 1 mM cause a significant increase in the synthesis rate of heat shock proteins and a significant decrease of the intracellular pH. A similar correlation is found in a mitochondrial mutant (Q) defective in oxidative phosphorylation. Intracellular signal transduction may thus involve H+-concentration changes independent of intact oxidative phosphorylation. PMID- 3896827 TI - In vitro growth of adult amphibian (Xenopus laevis) hepatocytes and characterization of hepatocyte-proliferating activity in homologous serum. AB - Adult frog (Xenopus laevis) hepatocytes were found to proliferate in a culture medium containing adult homologous serum. Insulin and dexamethasone were required for a net proliferation of hepatocytes. Dose-response analysis showed that a low concentration of serum (greater than or equal to 0.5%) was enough to induce DNA synthesis and mitosis, but a higher concentration (5%) caused certain necrotic changes. Under optimal conditions, there was a two- to threefold increase in nuclei per culture 10 days after serum treatment. Heterologous sera (fetal bovine, calf and chick) showed less proliferative activity. Based on our results, hepatocyte-proliferating activity in adult frog serum is considered to be heat unstable and acidic protein(s). Thus, adult frog serum may contain hepatopoietin possibly different from well-known growth factors. PMID- 3896828 TI - Identification of a 100 kD protein associated with microtubules, intermediate filaments and coated vesicles in cultured cells. AB - We have obtained several hybridoma clones producing antibodies to microtubule associated proteins (MAPs) from bovine brain. Interaction of one of these antibodies, named RN 17, with cultured cells was studied by indirect immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy. RN 17 antibody recognized both high molecular weight (HMW) MAPs, MAP 1 and MAP 2, in immunoblotting reaction with brain microtubules. In lysates of cultured cells, it bound to a protein doublet with a molecular weight of 100 kD. By immunofluorescence microscopy we showed that RN 17 antibody stained cytoplasmic fibrils, mitotic spindles and small particles in the cytoplasm of various cultured cells. The cytoplasmic fibrils were identified as both microtubules and intermediate filaments by double fluorescence microscopy and by their response to colcemid and 0.6 M KCl. This identification was confirmed by immunoelectron microscopy which also showed that the particles stained by RN 17 antibody are coated vesicles. Thus, cultured non neural cells may contain a novel protein that binds to microtubules, intermediate filaments, and coated vesicles. PMID- 3896830 TI - p21ras. Heterogeneous localization in transformed cells. AB - The cellular targets for the Kirsten murine sarcoma virus (KiMSV)-transforming protein, p21ras, are unknown. Other studies have indicated that the mature form of p21 is distributed diffusely on the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane. However, after fixation without buffer washes, indirect immunofluorescent staining of sparse cultures revealed a particularly well preserved cellular architecture and a strikingly heterogeneous subcellular distribution of p21 in transformed normal rat kidney (NRK) cells but not in their untransformed counterparts. The transformed cells included A KiMSV-transformed NRK line. NRK cells newly transformed with KiMSV. A temperature-sensitive (ts) KiMSV transformed NRK line. An uninfected, spontaneously transformed NRK line in which p21 was neither phosphorylated nor overproduced. In the tsKNRK line p21 was abundant at both permissive and non-permissive temperatures; however, its distribution was heterogeneous at the permissive temperature only. Observation of this array of cells indicates that the transformation-associated p21 distribution does not require overexpression of the gene, nor phosphorylation of the protein, nor the viral oncogene. Furthermore, it is reversible in the tsKNRK cells, and so appears to be highly correlated with acquisition of a transformed morphology. Accumulations of p21 occurred preferentially in subcellular locations similar to those where ruffles were observed by phase contrast microscopy and lamellar and villous extensions were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Since enhanced ruffling is a morphological correlate of transformation in a variety of cells, the distribution of p21 observed here may relate to its function as a transforming molecule. PMID- 3896829 TI - Foreign protein can be carried into the nucleus of mammalian cell by conjugation with nucleoplasmin. AB - In studies on the specific migration of macromolecules across the nuclear envelope, a karyophilic protein was injected into the cytoplasm of cultured cells and its subsequent location in the cell was examined. Nucleoplasmin of frog nuclear protein was used for this experiment. When [125I]nucleoplasmin was introduced into the cytoplasm of mammalian cells (human and mouse) by red blood cell-mediated microinjection, it rapidly accumulated in the nucleus. When nucleoplasmin conjugated with [125I]IgG against chromosomal protein was introduced similarly, it also accumulated rapidly in the nucleus, and reacted with its antigen inside the nucleus. On the contrary, when IgG alone or IgG conjugated with BSA were introduced, they did not migrate from the cytoplasm into the nucleus. These findings imply that the migration of macromolecules from the cytoplasm to the nucleus does not depend only on their molecular size but also on a specific transport mechanism, and that karyophilic proteins may act as useful carriers in the transfer of exogenous proteins into the nucleus. PMID- 3896831 TI - Report from the International Bone Marrow Transplant Registry, 1984. AB - This article represents the second in a series of invited annual reports from the International Bone Marrow Transplant Registry (IBMTR) published in Experimental Hematology. In the first report, the results of IBMTR analyses for the two-year period 1 January 1982 through 31 December 1983 were described. In this report, data are presented reflecting the phenomenal recent growth in the field of bone marrow transplantation. Also presented are summaries of the results of IBMTR analyses during the period 1 January through 31 December 1984. PMID- 3896832 TI - 11th annual meeting of the EBMT (European Cooperative Group for Bone Marrow Transplantation). Bad Hofgastein (Salzburg). Austria, January 28-30, 1985. Abstracts. PMID- 3896833 TI - Effects of thyroid hormone deficiency on glial constituents in developing cerebellum of the rat. AB - Rat litters were treated daily from birth with the antithyroid drug propylthiouracil for 2 or 4 weeks, respectively. Transverse cryostat sections of cerebellar cortex with underlying white matter were incubated with antiserum against glial fibrillary acidic protein. Semiquantitative microscopic evaluations showed a marked decrease in width of the molecular layer in thyroid deficient animals 2 weeks postnatally, as compared to controls. Also, the well delineated GFA-positive glial cell layer extending along the border between white matter and the internal granular layer was absent in thyroid deficient animals. The density of GFA immunoreactivity was increased in white matter in the experimental group. No effects of thyroid deficiency on GFA immunoreactivity could be found after 4 weeks of treatment, indicating a transient disturbance of glial development in the thyroid deficient cerebellum. PMID- 3896835 TI - Schistosoma japonicum: biochemistry and cytochemistry of dipeptidyl aminopeptidase-II-like activity in adults. AB - The biochemical characterization of dipeptidyl aminopeptidase II activity was investigated in the supernatant of centrifuged homogenates of adult Schistosoma japonicum using a lysine-alanine oligopeptide derivative of 4-methoxy-2 naphthylamide as a substrate. It was observed that the pH optimum of the enzyme is in the acid range, with an optimum at pH 6.3. Time and enzyme concentration studies, along with temperature studies, support the premise that the reaction is enzymatic. The Km was 3.3 X 10(-3) M, at pH 5.5 and 37 C. Tris and diisopropyl phosphofluoridate, when incorporated into the assay system at final concentrations of 500 and 2 mM, respectively, significantly inhibited the reaction by 70.9 and 75%, respectively. Leupeptin (5 X 10(-4) mM) had no effect. The results indicate that the enzyme under study in the present investigation strongly resembles mammalian dipeptidyl aminopeptidase II due to its affinity for substrate, sensitivity to Tris and diisopropyl phosphofluoridate inhibition, and pH optimum. Its inhibition by diisopropyl phosphofluoridate indicates that it may belong to the serine class of proteases. Cytochemical studies revealed reaction product in the lipid-like globules in the gastrodermis, adding further credence that these globules are lysosomal. PMID- 3896836 TI - Schistosoma mansoni: immunoblot analysis of adult worm proteins. AB - Proteins of adult Schistosoma mansoni were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and assayed in immunoblots for reactions with individual mouse sera. Four weeks after a heavy infection with a few hundred cercariae, IgG antibodies directed predominantly against a protein of 31 kDa were detected. The protein was only weakly recognized by antibodies of mice harboring a 4-week-old light infection with about 60 cercariae. After 6 weeks or more, mice infected with either dose formed antibodies, not only against the 31-kDa protein and a 67-kDa protein, but also against a number of other components. While reactions with the 31- and 67-kDa proteins occurred with sera of all individual mice of four different strains, the reactions with other components were less consistently observed. Mice vaccinated with a heavy or light dose of 20,000-rad irradiated cercariae did not form antibodies detectable in the blotting system. However, in immunofluorescence assays with living skin schistosomula, but not lung schistosomula, antibodies against the larval surface were detected with all sera obtained 4 weeks after infection or vaccination. In addition, immunofluorescence studies using the same sera and sectioned adult parasites demonstrated the presence of antibodies against the parasite surface in all sera except those obtained from mice exposed to a light infection with normal cercariae. Mice infected in this latter way were the only animals that did not develop a significant resistance against a challenge infection 4 weeks after exposure to normal or irradiated cercariae. The presence of an immunofluorescent reaction against the schistosome gut always coincided with a reaction of the sera with the 31-kDa protein in the immunoblots. Although a role in immune resistance could not be ascribed to any of the proteins reacting in the immunoblots, the data demonstrate important differences in the antibody specificities induced by various infection schemes. PMID- 3896837 TI - Trypanosoma cruzi: extracellular amastigote-resembling forms induced by chicken and human plasma. AB - Chicken and human plasma and some of their proteins, partially isolated by means of isoelectrofocusing and ion-exchange chromatography, induce changes in the epimastigotes of Trypanosoma (Schizotrypanum) cruzi into forms resembling extracellular amastigotes in synthetic media. PMID- 3896834 TI - GAD-immunoreactive neural elements in the basilar pontine nuclei and nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis of the rat. I. Light microscopic studies. AB - Immunocytochemical procedures employing the unlabeled antibody enzyme (PAP) method were used to visualize those neuronal elements in the basilar pontine nuclei (BPN) and nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis (NRTP) of the rat which contain glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), a key enzyme involved in the synthesis of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Neuronal somata, axons, and axon terminals in the BPN and NRTP exhibited GAD-immunoreactivity. Both thick and thin varieties of labeled axons and terminals were distributed in varying densities throughout the BPN and NRTP. The greatest accumulation of labeled terminals was noted in the ventrolateral and lateral border regions of the BPN while a slightly less dense aggregation was observed along the ventral, ventromedial and midline regions of the pontine gray. Labeled fibers and terminals were also observed in the dorsal and ventral peduncular regions as well as central portions of the lateral, ventral, and medial pontine areas. Axonal and terminal labeling was present throughout the NRTP but no focal increases in density similar to those in the BPN were apparent. No obvious GAD-labeled fiber bundles could be observed to enter the BPN or NRTP. However, small fascicles of labeled axons were seen to course ventrally around the dorsolateral aspect of the cerebral peduncle to reach lateral pontine areas while other labeled axons descended through clefts in the mid-portion of the cerebral peduncle or passed through the medial lemniscus and around the medial portion of the cerebral peduncle to enter the pontine gray. PMID- 3896838 TI - Schistosoma japonicum: identification and characterization of neutrophil chemotactic factors from egg antigen. AB - Two neutrophil chemotactic factors were identified in soluble egg antigen preparations of Schistosoma japonicum. The higher-molecular-weight neutrophil chemotactic factor was not separable from eosinophil chemotactic factor by means of gel filtration, anion-exchange chromatography, isoelectric focusing, or affinity chromatography; this neutrophil chemotactic factor is apparently identical to the higher-molecular-weight eosinophil chemotactic factor which we purified previously from the soluble egg antigen. The chemotactic activity of the eosinophil chemotactic factor for neutrophils was stable to periodate oxidation but was notably affected by heating or Pronase digestion, suggesting that the determinant for neutrophil chemotaxis exists on the peptide moiety of the eosinophil chemotactic factor. The lower-molecular-weight neutrophil chemotactic factor was separable from the higher-molecular-weight eosinophil chemotactic factor by gel filtration or anion-exchange chromatography. This neutrophil chemotactic factor was rather hydrophobic and heat-stable, but was sensitive to Pronase or carboxypeptidase A digestion. These results suggest that the receptors on the surfaces of neutrophils and eosinophils for those chemoattractants would be different from each other. We suppose that neutrophil chemotactic factors and eosinophil chemotactic factors from the eggs are responsible for neutrophil and eosinophil accumulation around the eggs in schistosomiasis japonica. PMID- 3896839 TI - Glucagon and insulin release in totally gastrectomized rats. AB - In the fasting state, totally gastrectomized rats had higher glycemia, higher glucagonemia and lower insulinemia than normal rats. However, they are not prediabetic or diabetic, because after a glucose tolerance test the response of glucagon secretion, though accentuated at the beginning, decreased sharply when insulin secretion was stimulated. The evolution of glucagonemia and insulinemia indicated that the positive-negative feedback of the couple alpha-beta cells of islets of Langerhans still regulated glucose homeostasis. Hypoglycemia seen after the glucose test in operated rats disappeared when soluble starch replaced glucose. With soluble starch, hyperglycemia, hyperglucagonemia and hyperinsulinemia were less marked than with glucose at 30 min. Therefore, we conclude that 1) Gastrectomy, in removing the stomach with all its physiological role, has conferred to the operated rat in the fasting state a new level of hormonal glucose counterregulation close to the diabetic or prediabetic situation; but once the animal is fed, its endocrine pancreas responses quite normally, and 2) In the sugar tolerance test, soluble starch induces less release of glucagon and insulin than glucose. PMID- 3896840 TI - Photopollution: artificial light optic spatial control systems fail to cope with. Incidents, causation, remedies. AB - The term photopollution is proposed for artificial light having adverse effects on wildlife. The differences between natural and artificial light are discussed in relation to the concepts of orientation, disorientation, misorientation and abnormal orientation. The ways in which optic orientation systems are attuned to natural illumination conditions are analysed, and it is shown why they therefore may fail to cope with artificial light. It is concluded that for many nocturnally active animals a natural light-field between sunset and sunrise is a requirement for survival. A review is given of data on a) bird kills at man-made lighted obstacles, and b) the interference of artificial light with nest site selection by female sea turtles and water-finding by hatchlings at nesting beaches. Conventional remedies against the hazards of photopollution are critically reviewed and new ones are suggested. It is emphasized that measures should aim not only at reducing threats to a species or population but also at preventing suffering in individual animals. PMID- 3896841 TI - Nutritional implications of food aid: an annotated bibliography. PMID- 3896842 TI - [Current status of the problem of testing drugs for carcinogenicity]. PMID- 3896843 TI - [Characteristics of the preclinical toxicological study of antibacterial agents]. PMID- 3896844 TI - [Along the roads of war that led to victory]. PMID- 3896845 TI - [Alcohol dehydrogenase activity of human and animal blood serum in acute and chronic alcoholic intoxication]. AB - Alcohol dehydrogenase activity (ADH; KP 1.1.1.1.) in blood serum of rats and rabbits is 1 and 2 orders of magnitude higher than in humans. In chronic alcoholics, blood ADN is activated with an increase in alcoholism standing. Twelve hours after acute alcoholic intoxication alcoholics and heavy drinkers manifest a significant reduction in blood ADH activity. Acute alcoholic intoxication does not influence blood ADH in men who do not abuse alcohol. Chronic exposure of rabbits to ethanol leads to a decrease in ADH activity in the liver and to its rise in the blood. ADH activation is observed only in those animals which demonstrate the signs of fatty and protein liver dystrophy. It is concluded that chronic exposure to ethanol does not induce ADH synthesis in the liver. The blood ADH content ascends as a results of an increase in ADH transport from hepatocytes to the bloodstream. PMID- 3896846 TI - Chemotherapeutic agents with an imidazole moiety. I. Synthesis and antifungal activities of 1-aryl-4-p-nitrophenylimidazoles. AB - The synthesis and antifungal activities of 1-aryl-4-p-nitrophenylimidazoles and their 2-mercaptoderivatives is reported. Antimicrobial data in comparison with antifungal antibiotic pyrrolnitrin attributed the best activity to 1-p methoxyphenyl-4-p-nitrophenylimidazole. The tested compounds were prepared by reacting p-nitrophenacylanilines with potassium thiocyanate in acidic medium to afford 1-aryl-2-mercapto-4-p-nitrophenylimidazoles, which were then transformed into the title compound by treatment with nitric acid. PMID- 3896847 TI - The effect of insulin and noradrenaline on the uptake of 2-[1-14C]deoxyglucose in vivo by brown adipose tissue and other glucose-utilising tissues of the mouse. AB - The uptake of 2-[1-14C]deoxyglucose in vivo by brown adipose tissue was greater than that of brain or heart in control mice on a whole tissue basis. When mice were treated with noradrenaline the rate of uptake of 2-[1-14C]deoxyglucose by brown adipose tissue was increased 6-fold with the only other change occurring in heart where a 5-fold increase was observed. After administration of insulin the uptake of 2-[1-14C]deoxyglucose in vivo was increased in heart, brown adipose tissue, white adipose tissue and muscle. The amount of 2-[1-14C]deoxyglucose taken up by brown adipose tissue compared to other tissues and the changes in this uptake after administration of noradrenaline or insulin suggest that brown adipose tissue is capable of playing a quantitatively important role in glucose removal from the blood. PMID- 3896848 TI - beta-Granins: 21 kDa co-secreted peptides of the insulin granule closely related to adrenal medullary chromogranin A. AB - Three closely related forms of a 21 kDa protein which is co-secreted with insulin have been purified and analysed. These differed in behaviour on ion-exchange chromatography but were indistinguishable by their susceptibility to staphylococcal V8 proteinase digestion, amino acid composition or N-terminal amino acid sequence. Their amino acid composition and N-terminal sequences were remarkably similar to adrenal medullary chromogranin A, a much larger protein (72 kDa). Antibodies to chromogranin A also reacted strongly with the 21 kDa protein in isolated insulin granules. It is concluded that the 21 kDa proteins either represent a repeated domain within the chromogranin molecule or a closely related gene product. The name beta-granin is proposed for these proteins. PMID- 3896849 TI - Bacterial immunoglobulin A proteases monitored by continuous spectrophotometry. AB - IgA proteases were estimated in a turbid aqueous two-phase system with 10% polyethylene glycol-Tris buffer, where IgA spontaneously concentrates in microscopic spherical particles (less than 1 micron). After enzymatic cleavage of IgA into Fab alpha and Fc alpha fragments, these fragments are soluble and decreasing turbidity is observed. The reaction may be followed by conventional spectrophotometry. In this manner, IgA proteases may be estimated in 10 min. Examples of the utility of the method are given with results from inhibitor studies, estimation of Km and purification of IgA protease from Haemophilus influenzae. PMID- 3896850 TI - Purification of two astroglial growth factors from bovine brain. AB - The astroglial growth factor (AGF), which induces a characteristic morphological change in cultured rat astroglial cells and stimulates their proliferation, was purified to homogeneity from bovine brain. Two different methods were used, the second one including heparin-Sepharose affinity chromatography. AGF is actually composed of two factors, AGF1 and AGF2, which both modify the morphology and stimulate the proliferation of the astroglial cells. Several data suggest that the AGFs are similar or possibly identical to the fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) isolated from brain [(1984) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81, 357-361; and 6963-6967]. A specific antiserum against AGFs was raised in mouse. PMID- 3896851 TI - N-terminal amino acid sequence of an insect neurohormone, melanization and reddish coloration hormone (MRCH): heterogeneity and sequence homology with human insulin-like growth factor II. AB - An insect neurohormone, melanization and reddish coloration hormone (MRCH), is responsible for cuticular melanization and epidermal red pigmentation in the armyworm. The three molecular forms of MRCH were isolated from adult heads of the silkworm, Bombyx mori, and their N-terminal amino acid sequences revealed a sequence homology with the C-terminal region of human insulin-like growth factor II as well as N-terminal heterogeneity of MRCHs. PMID- 3896852 TI - Isolation of two forms of the high-molecular-mass serine protease, ingensin, from porcine skeletal muscle. AB - Two forms of a neutral protease that catalyzed the hydrolysis of succinyl-Leu-Leu Val-Tyr-MCA were isolated from porcine skeletal muscle cytosol by fractionation on DEAE-cellulose, hydroxyapatite and Sephadex G-100. The native enzyme had a molecular mass of above 1000 kDa. Peak A, which was eluted from hydroxyapatite at 50 mM phosphate, was activated 37-fold by the detergent, SDS, while peak B which was eluted at 150 mM phosphate, was activated only 2-fold. After dialysis against water, the B form showed restored ability to be activated by SDS (9.6-fold with 0.04% SDS). The activated peak B was extremely sensitive to divalent and monovalent cations such as Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+ and NH+4 as well as protease inhibitors such as leupeptin, chymostatin and DFP. These results suggest that these proteases are generally latent in the cells and may be regulated by changes in the concentrations of cations in the cytosol. We call this new type of protease, ingensin. PMID- 3896853 TI - Expression in E. coli of finger-domain lacking tissue-type plasminogen activator with high fibrin affinity. AB - Tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) has a high affinity for fibrin and induces lysis of fibrin (fibrinolysis) on the surface of fibrin without degrading circulating fibrinogen. cDNA for t-PA which lacks the 'finger-domain' (the site for fibrin affinity) was isolated from Detroit 562 cells. Analysis of the nucleotide sequence revealed a lack of the sequences which code for the finger domain. A plasmid (pDPAT 1) containing the Escherichia coli tac promoter/operator and the cDNA sequence coding for 'finger-domain lacking t-PA' was constructed for expression in E. Coli. The polypeptide so produced was a new type of t-PA lacking finger-domain, but revealed plasminogen activator activity with the function of fibrin affinity. PMID- 3896854 TI - New model systems to study DNA-protein recognition mechanisms. AB - dpG antibodies were fractionated on a cellulose-double-stranded DNA column. The flow-through fraction bound denatured DNA but not double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). The dpG-eluted fraction bound dsDNA preferentially. The results show that proteins can recognise dpG in DNA by different mechanisms, some involving DNA unwinding. PMID- 3896855 TI - Eponyms in oncology. Marie Curie (1867-1934). PMID- 3896856 TI - [Epidemic control protection during World War II 1941-1945]. PMID- 3896857 TI - [Contribution of the Soviet people to victory in World War II 1941-1945]. PMID- 3896858 TI - [Health education during World War II]. PMID- 3896859 TI - [Philately on Soviet medics in World War II]. PMID- 3896860 TI - [The workdays of a mobile surgical field hospital]. PMID- 3896861 TI - An estrogen test to determine the times of potential fertility in women. AB - Defined changes in the concentration of estrone glucuronide in daily samples of early morning urine have been used to locate the limits of the fertile period and the time of maximum conception probability during 118 cycles (106 menstrual, 12 conceptional) in 73 women. The peak day of urinary luteinizing hormone was used as an index of ovulation. Follicular growth was monitored daily by ultrasonography throughout 38 cycles, and the time of maximum follicular diameter was used as an alternative reference point to define the times of potential fertility according to the life spans of the gametes. With optimized algorithms and the best index of ovulation, the estrogen test delineated the limits of the fertile period in 89% of the tests (mean length, 10.8 days; range, 5 to 17 days) and the time of maximum conception probability in 82% of the cycles, with a mean time to the maximum follicular diameter of 0.42 days (range, -4 to +4 days). PMID- 3896862 TI - Development of an animal model for quantitatively evaluating effects of drugs on endometriosis. AB - The present study was conducted to induce endometriosis in an experimental animal model in which the condition and its response to pharmacologic agents could be quantified. Endometriosis was induced in New Zealand White rabbits by transplanting endometrial sections into various sites throughout the peritoneum. After 7 weeks, the mean implant weight increased in concomitant controls from 10.3 to 89.0 mg. In the next 8 weeks, endometrial implant weight increased to 163.6 mg. Daily subcutaneous administration of a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist, histrelin, or oral administration of danazol, reduced the ectopic implant weight within 8 weeks to 21.7 and 46.0 mg, respectively. In a group of animals that were bilaterally ovariectomized, implant weight decreased significantly in the same 8-week period to 22.4 mg. Furthermore, histologic analysis of the endometriomas showed that ovariectomy, histrelin, or danazol treatment reduced the number of endometrial glands and atrophied the stroma. We conclude that this animal model represents an excellent method for quantitative evaluation of potential therapeutic agents for endometriosis. PMID- 3896863 TI - [Incidence of Stafne's idiopathic mandibular cavity in paleoanthropologic findings]. PMID- 3896864 TI - [Spring bridge]. PMID- 3896865 TI - [The sublingual bar]. PMID- 3896866 TI - [Stereotaxic coordinates of the mouse hypothalamus]. PMID- 3896868 TI - Dr. L.D. Pankey--the Teacher/Philosopher. PMID- 3896867 TI - Biomechanical preparation of the root canal: a review of the literature, 1980 1984. PMID- 3896869 TI - A unilaterally hinged lingual flange complete mandibular denture: report of patient treatment. PMID- 3896870 TI - An ultrastructural study on the sporogony of Plasmodium vivax in Anopheles stephensi. PMID- 3896871 TI - Efficacy of single dose quinine as presumptive treatment in P. falciparum malaria. PMID- 3896872 TI - Effect of a specific iron chelator, desferrioxamine on the host biochemistry and parasitaemia in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei. PMID- 3896873 TI - Instability of resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine and pyrimethamine in vitro. PMID- 3896874 TI - [Bridge framework--engineering accomplishment or intuition?]. PMID- 3896875 TI - [Canine tooth as bridge abutment]. PMID- 3896876 TI - [Preparation for work under the microscope]. PMID- 3896877 TI - Guiding planes: a challenge within a challenge. PMID- 3896878 TI - Guiding planes and esthetics filling a space with a smile. PMID- 3896879 TI - Polished and unpolished teeth. Patient responses after an oral prophylaxis. PMID- 3896881 TI - [99 years for dentists, patients, and assistants]. PMID- 3896880 TI - Debonding orthodontic adhesives. PMID- 3896882 TI - Non-organ-specific autoimmunity in alopecia. AB - A significantly high prevalence (41%) of non-organ-specific autoantibodies, tested in immunofluorescence with sera diluted 1:40, is reported in sera from 86 alopecia patients. No correlation was found with extension and duration of the disease, topical treatment with contact agents or response to it. The relevance and significance of these findings, with particular reference to anti-smooth muscle and anti-basal cell layer antibodies, is discussed. PMID- 3896883 TI - Ring size measurement of the digits in females suffering from generalized scleroderma (acrosclerosis). A simple method to quantify skin and soft tissue affection. AB - Measurements of the ring size (circumference in millimeters) of the middle phalanx in 22 females suffering from generalized scleroderma (acrosclerosis) were carried out and compared to control measurements in 22 age-matched healthy females. The ring size was increased (p less than 0.01) in the patients (mean 52.8 mm; range 45-61) as compared to the controls (mean 49.4 mm; range 46-52). Ring size measurements correlated well (r = 0.71; p less than 0.001) with ultrasound measurement of soft tissue thickness over the middle phalanx. Ring size was larger (p less than 0.001) in a group of healthy men as compared to female controls. Ring size was not correlated to age in healthy females (r = 0.06; n.s.), whereas it was in 19 healthy men studied (r = 0.78; p less than 0.001). The normal range (mean +/- 2 SD) for ring size in females was 45.5-53.3 mm; in males less than or equal to 60 years of age, the range was 48.5-59.2 mm. It is concluded that ring size is suited to quantify soft tissue changes of the digits in acrosclerosis. This method has the advantage of being simple. PMID- 3896884 TI - Insulin receptor binding on red cells of hypertriglyceridemic patients. Effect of a low fat, low carbohydrate diet. AB - Insulin binding on circulating red cells has been studied in hypertriglyceridemic (HTG) patients before and after normalization of plasma TG levels by a low fat and low CHO diet, followed for 2 months. Under basal condition HTG patients showed lower insulin binding on red cells (B/T) than control subjects. The reduction in binding was due to a lower receptor number (binding capacity). After the diet and normalization of TG levels, insulin binding was identical in HTG patients and always lower than in controls. The fasting values of blood glucose, IRI, FFA, were also unchanged after TG reduction, suggesting, together with the low insulin binding, a state of insulin resistance. We conclude that our lean patients, affected by HTG, present a state of insulin resistance. Despite normalization of plasma TG, obtained with diet alone, insulin receptor binding on red cells in unchanged. PMID- 3896885 TI - [Effects of nifedipine on carbohydrate metabolism in the non-insulin dependent diabetic]. AB - The aim of this prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled study was to investigate the effect of nifedipine on carbohydrate metabolism in diabetic patients after a 3-day and a 3-month course of treatment. Sixteen non obese, well controlled non-insulin dependent diabetics, (HbA1 less than 10%), with moderate untreated hypertension were divided in two groups: nifedipine (group N, 8 patients) and placebo (group P, 8 patients). An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT, 75 g glucose) and an arginine infusion were performed before, after a 3-day, and a 3-month course, either of nifedipine 30 mg/D or placebo. Blood samples obtained during OGTT were assayed for glucose and insulin, and during arginine infusion for insulin, glucagon and growth hormone. The differences between basal and peak values during tests were compared between both groups before and after treatment using Wilcoxon's rank sum test. Neither acute nor chronic administration of nifedipine or placebo modified the glucose tolerance. However, basal insulin levels were reduced by 3 month-administration of nifedipine (from 19 +/- 2 micromicrons/ml to 10 +/- 1 micromicrons/ml, p = 0,01). Otherwise the basal and peak hormonal values during tests were not significantly affected by nifedipine either at the start of after 3 months of treatment. These results suggest that nifedipine, when given in standard dosage for 3 months, has minor effects on carbohydrate metabolism in non-insulin dependent diabetic patients. PMID- 3896886 TI - Pharmacokinetics of insulin infused intra-peritoneally via portable pumps. AB - Plasma free insulin was measured repeatedly for 4 hours following a standardized breakfast in 20 C-peptide negative chronically pumped type I diabetic patients and 5 normal subjects. In the former group, insulin was given as a 1 u/h basal infusion and a 1h superimposed meal-dose of 6 u via a peritoneal (IP) catheter lying in the low (n = 10), or in the mid-abdomen (n = 10). The results of the IP patients were correlated with glycosylated haemoglobin and home capillary blood glucose. Fasting free insulin of IP patients was lower than those of normals (14.7 +/- 0.5 vs 21.0 +/- 1.3 mU/l, p less than 0.01). Dose-induced peak occurred similarly in IP patients and normals (70 +/- 6 vs 70 +/- 12 min.). Values tended to baseline after 165 +/- 15 and 185 +/- 22 min. in IP patients and normals (NS). Results of the mid--and low peritoneum subgroups differed only for peak values (31.5 +/- 2.9 vs 25.0 +/- 1.6 mU/l respectively) and did not correlate with diabetic control. PMID- 3896887 TI - [Sandoz-INSERM randomized trial of cyclosporine in type I insulin-dependent diabetes]. PMID- 3896888 TI - Diagnostic fetal blood sampling for the haemoglobinopathies--10-year experience. AB - The development of methods for fetal blood sampling in the second trimester of pregnancy offers the possibility of fetal diagnosis for couples at risk for having children with a haemoglobinopathy. We review the evolution of 10 years' experience of fetal blood sampling for 681 patients. The obstetric risk associated with the procedure has fallen from an initial 15% (in the first 87 pregnancies) to about 3%, in parallel with increased experience, improved ultrasound control, identification of the causes of complications and implementation of simple steps to avert them. PMID- 3896889 TI - Cellular iron uptake from transferrin: is endocytosis the only mechanism? AB - Receptor mediated endocytosis has been proposed as the method of cellular iron uptake from transferrin (TF). However, the experimental evidence for endocytosis in every situation is found wanting. This is particularly true for the hepatocyte where an alternative mechanism of iron release at the cell surface can account for all iron uptake. It may be, that under appropriate physiological conditions (e.g. degree of iron saturation of TF) cells may take up iron by either an endocytotic or nonendocytotic mechanism. PMID- 3896890 TI - Mammalian metalloendopeptidases. PMID- 3896891 TI - Short-term insulin infused through the portal vein enhances liver gluconeogenesis and glycogenesis from [3-14C]pyruvate in the starved rat. AB - Insulin infusion through the portal vein immediately after a pulse of [3 14C]pyruvate in 24 hr starved rats enhanced the appearance of [14C]glucose at 2, 5 and 10 min and glucose specific activity at 1, 2 and 20 min in blood collected from the cava vein at the level of the suprahepatic veins. Insulin infusion for 5 min decreased liver pyruvate concentration and enhanced both liver and plasma lactate/pyruvate ratio, and it decreased the plasma concentration of all amino acids. When insulin was infused together with glucose, [14C]glucose levels and glucose specific activity decreased in blood but there was a marked increase in liver [14C]glycogen, glycogen specific activity and glycogen concentration, and an increase in liver lactate/pyruvate ratio. The effect of insulin plus glucose infusion on plasma amino acids concentration was smaller than that found with insulin alone. It is proposed that insulin effect enhancing liver gluconeogenesis is secondary to its effect either enhancing liver glycolysis which modifies the liver's cytoplasmic oxidoreduction state to its more reduced form, increasing liver amino acids consumption or both. In the presence of glucose, products of gluconeogenesis enhanced by insulin are diverted into glycogen synthesis rather than circulating glucose. This together with results of the preceding paper (Soley et al., 1985), indicates that glucose enhances liver glycogen synthesis from C3 units in the starved rat, the process being further enhanced in the presence of insulin. PMID- 3896892 TI - Post-binding events in insulin action. PMID- 3896893 TI - A quantitative immunohistochemical study of macroglial cell development in the rat optic nerve: in vivo evidence for two distinct astrocyte lineages. AB - We have shown previously that three antibodies--anti-galactocerebroside (GC), anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and the A2B5 monoclonal antibody- can be used to help distinguish three classes of glial cells in the rat optic nerve: oligodendrocytes are GC+, GFAP-, almost all type-1 astrocytes are A2B5-, GFAP+, and almost all type-2 astrocytes are A2B5+, GFAP+. In the present study we have used these antibodies to examine the timing and sequence of the development of the three types of glial cells in vivo. We show that type-1 astrocytes first appear at embryonic Day 16 (E16), oligodendrocytes at birth (E21), and type-2 astrocytes between postnatal Days 7 and 10 (P7-10). Moreover, we demonstrate quantitatively that astrocytes in the optic nerve develop in two waves, with more than 95% of type-1 astrocytes developing before P15 and more than 95% of type-2 astrocytes developing after P15. Finally, we provide indirect evidence that type 2 astrocytes do not develop from type-1 astrocytes in vivo, supporting previous direct evidence that the two types of astrocytes develop from two serologically distinct precursor cells in vitro. PMID- 3896894 TI - Segregation of developmental abilities in neural-crest-derived cells: identification of partially restricted intermediate cell types in the branchial arches of avian embryos. AB - The neural crest of early vertebrate embryos gives rise to a wide variety of cell types. One way in which phenotypic diversity may be generated in neural-crest derived cells is by a series of partial developmental restrictions. In order to test the possibility that the crest-derived mesenchymal cells of the branchial arches (BAs) of avian embryos are partially restricted intermediates during this segregation of developmental fates, we examined some of their phenotypic and developmental properties. We found that the mesenchymal cells of the posterior BAs differ from those of the anterior BAs in that the posterior BA cells express the neuron-specific antigen NAPA-73, whereas the anterior BA cells do not. This phenotypic difference first appears in the different populations of migrating neural crest cells which populate the different BAs. Anterior and posterior BA cells also differ in their abilities to give rise to various crest derivatives in heterospecific grafting experiments. Whereas anterior BA cells only produce connective tissue derivatives, posterior BA cells give rise to neurons, glial cells, and glandular tissue, in addition to the connective tissues. However, neither anterior nor posterior BA grafts give rise to melanocytes--another neural crest derivative. This developmental restriction of melanogenic potential occurs either during crest migration, or shortly after colonization of the BAs. These results are consistent with the notion that the mesenchyme of both anterior and posterior BAs contain different partially restricted intermediate cell types derived from the neural crest. PMID- 3896895 TI - Cytotoxic islet cell surface antibodies (ICSA) in patients with type I diabetes and their first-degree relatives. AB - We describe a nonradioactive microcytotoxicity assay for ICSA using a cloned rat insulinoma cell line. This assay system had good reproducibility (r = 0.93) and was suitable for the study of large numbers of samples. The following results were obtained by testing the sera of 111 patients with IDDM (type I diabetes) and all of their first-degree relatives. (1) Thirty-five percent of IDDM patients had ICSA, as compared with only 2% of healthy controls. (2) ICSA was found more frequently in patients within 2 yr of onset (45%) than in those with disease for longer than 2 yr (27%) (P less than 0.05). (3) The prevalence of ICSA was associated with the presence of cytoplasmic islet cell antibodies (ICA) (P less than 0.05). (4) No association was found between the prevalence of ICSA and specific HLA-DR alleles. Association with the HLA haplotypes in families with ICSA-positive probands, on the other hand, is suggested although not proven by these data. (5) Among the nondiabetic relatives of IDDM patients, 5% of the parents and 14% of the sibs had ICSA. Increased prevalence of ICSA occurred in the unaffected sibs of ICSA-positive probands (31%) but not in those of ICSA negative probands (4%) (P less than 0.001); in fact, the relatives of ICSA negative probands had ICSA with a frequency not higher than in unrelated controls. (6) Female relatives of ICSA-positive probands were more often ICSA positive than males, but no such difference was found among probands. (7) In multiplex sibships, ICSA were not associated with disease in the sibs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3896896 TI - Insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion in subjects with histories of gestational diabetes mellitus. AB - NIDDM is characterized by decreased insulin secretory responses to glucose and to nonglucose stimuli, hyperglucagonemia, and decreased tissue sensitivity to insulin. However, it has been unclear which of these abnormalities, if any, precedes the others. Since women with histories of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are at high risk for eventual development of NIDDM, we measured B- and A cell function and tissue sensitivity to insulin in eight normoglycemic, postpartum women with recent histories of GDM and in eight control subjects pair matched for age and percent of ideal body weight. Fasting plasma glucose levels in subjects with former GDM tended to be slightly higher than in matched controls (98 +/- 3 versus 92 +/- 2 mg/dl, P = 0.07). Basal plasma insulin in subjects with former GDM was significantly higher than in controls (22 +/- 4 versus 14 +/- 2 microU/ml, P = 0.05). During an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT), relative first- and second-phase insulin responses to glucose were decreased in subjects with former GDM (2316 +/- 560 versus 7798 +/- 1036% of basal X min, P = 0.004; and 8340 +/- 946 versus 14,509 +/- 2556, P = 0.04). An index of sensitivity to insulin, SI, calculated from the IVGTT, was also lower in former GDM (1.23 +/- 0.69 X 10(-4) versus 3.58 +/- 0.78 X 10(-4) min-1/microU/ml, P = 0.001). Acute insulin responses to 5 g i.v. arginine were measured at plasma glucose levels of approximately 95, 215, and 600 mg/dl. The response at 600 mg/dl is termed the AIRmax and is used as an index of glucose-regulated insulin secretory capacity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3896897 TI - A functional and ultrastructural analysis of experimental diabetic rat myocardium. Manifestation of a cardiomyopathy. AB - The effects of experimental diabetes on cardiac function and ultrastructure were studied in rats that had been diabetic for 6-24 wk. Experimental diabetes was produced by the intravenous (i.v.) injection of 65 mg/kg streptozocin (STZ) into rats 42-43 days old. Diabetic rat hearts perfused at 15 cm H2O on the working heart apparatus demonstrated depressed cardiac function (i.e., lower left ventricular pressure and +/- dP/dt) at 6, 12, and 24 wk of diabetes. Electron microscopic analysis of ventricular myocardium revealed increased lipid deposition from 6 to 24 wk of diabetes and progressive deterioration of the myocardial cell integrity at 12 and 24 wk of diabetes. This deterioration was characterized by loss of contractile protein, vacuolization (swollen sarcoplasmic reticulum), myelin formations, myocytolysis, and contracture bands. These alterations paralleled the depression of cardiac function at 12 and 24 wk of diabetes. There was, however, depressed function at 6 wk of diabetes but no observable alterations in myocardial ultrastructure. Therefore, experimental diabetes produced ultrastructural alterations in the rat heart that manifested themselves only after a demonstrable depression in cardiac function. PMID- 3896898 TI - Effects of intravenous and oral glucose administration on insulin action in human fat cells. AB - The effects of various forms of glucose administration on insulin action were investigated in isolated human fat cells. Subcutaneous (s.c.) adipose tissue was obtained before and (1) 30 min (eight subjects) and 60 min (seven subjects) after an intravenous (i.v.) glucose load, and (2) after a 60-min continuous i.v. glucose infusion (five subjects). In addition, five subjects were reinvestigated before and 60 min after oral glucose ingestion. Lipolysis (glycerol release) and insulin receptor binding were determined. After all forms of i.v. glucose administration, adipocyte insulin binding was significantly reduced by 20% owing to a decrease in the high-affinity binding, whereas the concentrations of insulin producing the half-maximum inhibitions of basal and isoprenaline-induced rates of glycerol release were unaltered. Sixty minutes after oral glucose ingestion, insulin sensitivity increased 7-30-fold (P less than 0.05-0.01) and high-affinity insulin binding increased by 25% (P less than 0.05). The maximum insulin-induced inhibitions of basal and isoprenaline-stimulated lipolysis were not altered after oral or i.v. glucose. The plasma level of glycerol was markedly and rapidly reduced after oral glucose, but the fall was slow and less pronounced after i.v. glucose. It is concluded that oral, but not i.v., glucose administration mediates a rapid increase in the antilipolytic potency of insulin in human fat cells in vitro. This may explain why antilipolysis in vivo is more pronounced after oral than after i.v. glucose challenge.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3896900 TI - Enzyme inducers improve insulin sensitivity in non-insulin-dependent diabetic subjects. AB - The reduction in blood glucose in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) brought about by the use of phenobarbital (PB), a hepatic microsomal enzyme inducer, suggests an improvement in insulin sensitivity. The effect of PB on insulin-mediated glucose metabolism was hence investigated using the euglycemic clamp technique in 10 women with NIDDM aged 56-75 yr. The addition of PB to sulfonylurea therapy, concurrently for 6 wk, reduced fasting blood glucose (BG, from 12.8 +/- 1.6 to 10.2 +/- 3.2 mmol/L, P less than 0.01) and immunoreactive insulin (IRI) levels (from 32.4 +/- 13.6 to 24.7 +/- 9.8 mU/L, P less than 0.01), whereas body weight remained unaltered. During the trial, there was a significant change in the glucose disposal rate (M, from 1.27 +/- 0.60 to 2.82 +/- 0.86 mg/kg/min, P less than 0.001), the metabolic clearance rate of glucose (from 0.89 +/- 0.41 to 2.24 +/- 1.27 ml/kg/min, P less than 0.01), the insulin sensitivity index (from 1.10 +/- 0.44 to 2.86 +/- 1.54 mg/kg/min: mU/L X 100, P less than 0.001), and the plasma antipyrine clearance rate (from 28.3 +/- 11.7 to 51.4 +/- 20.2 ml/min, P less than 0.001), an in vivo index of liver microsomal enzyme activity. The antipyrine clearance rate correlated with insulin-mediated glucose metabolism (r2 = 0.560, P less than 0.01). This correlation could be interpreted as indicating that, in NIDDM patients, peripheral glucose utilization and the liver microsomal enzyme system share common regulators. Our study suggests a new approach to the improvement of insulin sensitivity in NIDDM patients. PMID- 3896899 TI - Time course of islet cell antibodies in diabetic and nondiabetic BB rats. AB - The BB rat develops a spontaneous type I diabetic syndrome with anti-islet autoimmunity. Sera from diabetic and nondiabetic BB rats (from diabetes-prone litters), nondiabetic BB rats (from low-risk lines), and nondiabetes-prone Sprague-Dawley rats were collected twice a week from age 40 days to 160 days. Sera were tested for: (1) complement-dependent toxicity to 51Cr-labeled islet cells in vitro; (2) immunoglobulin binding to RIN-5 F insulinoma cells; and (3) ability to selectively suppress insulin secretion from normal islets in vitro. All sera from rats that subsequently became diabetic or glucose-intolerant were toxic to islet cells from various rat strains in the presence of complement. They were toxic neither to hepatocytes nor to fibroblasts. The toxic potency was associated with the globulin fraction. It was, in most cases, maximal either before or immediately after the onset of the disease. Sera from the nondiabetes susceptible BB rats and the rats which, in diabetes-prone litters, died too early to be classified tended toward greater toxicity to islets. Immunoglobulins from diabetic sera bound to RIN-5 F cells more than did the serum globulins from other groups, their maximal binding capacity occurring after the onset of diabetes. Furthermore, BB diabetic sera were capable of selectively inhibiting the insulin secretion from normal rat islets in vitro either in the presence or, in some cases, in the absence of complement. The A- and D-cell functions were not suppressed. The combination of such results suggests the presence of one or more antibodies capable of binding to beta cells, inhibiting their function, and inducing their lysis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3896901 TI - Correlates of insulin antibodies in newly diagnosed children with insulin dependent diabetes before insulin therapy. AB - Insulin antibodies, as measured by plasma radiolabeled insulin-binding capacity, were determined in 124 newly diagnosed insulin-dependent diabetic (IDDM) children before and after 1, 3, and 5 days of insulin therapy. Controls were 35 nondiabetic children with plasma insulin binding capacity of 1.0 +/- 0.7%. The patients were divided into three groups according to their plasma insulin-binding capacity. Group 1 (N = 79) had binding within two standard deviations (SD) of the control mean, group 2 (N = 20) had insulin binding 2-6 SD above controls, and group 3 (N = 25) showed insulin-binding capacity of more than 6 SD above the control mean. After exogenous insulin therapy, plasma 125I-insulin-binding capacity dropped significantly in both groups 2 and 3, concurrent with significant increases in plasma insulin levels. The three groups differed from each other in that patients in group 3 were significantly younger than in the other groups and clinically seemed to be more severely dehydrated, as reflected in their higher levels of serum urea nitrogen, plasma glucose, potassium, and elevated pulse rate. The three groups did not differ in respect to sex, HLA-DR antigens, Coxsackie-B antibody titers, islet cell cytoplasmic antibodies, immunoglobulin level, and C-peptide levels. Only two of 446 siblings of IDDM children showed elevated insulin binding, one of whom developed IDDM 6 wk later. The presence of an insulin-binding substance probably representing insulin antibodies in some cases of newly diagnosed IDDM suggests that autoimmunity in this disorder is not limited to the B-cell membrane and cytoplasm and lends further support to the heterogeneity of IDDM. PMID- 3896902 TI - Family adjustment to the early loss of a baby born with spina bifida. AB - Sixteen families were contacted two to seven years after the death of their spina bifida baby following transfer to a specialist unit and the parents' subsequent decision against active treatment. There was little evidence of serious long-term problems of adjustment on any of the measures assessing marital relationships, parental physical and mental health, and decisions about later pregnancies. Parents welcomed the unit's policy of encouraging frequent contact with their baby, and thought that it had facilitated the grieving process. PMID- 3896903 TI - Carbon impurities and properties of some palladium alloys for ceramic veneering. PMID- 3896904 TI - Bonding of composites to dentin using primers. PMID- 3896905 TI - Effect of a commercial bonding agent upon the fracture toughness (K'IC) of repaired heavily filled composite. PMID- 3896906 TI - The dentist geriatric fellowship program in the U.S. Veterans Administration. PMID- 3896907 TI - [Congestive dilated cardiomyopathy. Clinical aspects]. PMID- 3896908 TI - Enzyme immunoassay for detection of total and IgM-specific antibodies to hepatitis A virus and its clinical application. AB - Antibody to hepatitis A virus (anti-HAV) and IgM class antibody to HAV (IgM anti HAV) in sera from 73 patients with hepatitis A and from 550 normal subjects were measured by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and the results were compared with those of radioimmunoassay (RIA). Since RIA has the disadvantage of requiring radioisotopes and special equipment, the clinical applicability of EIA and possible methodological problems were evaluated. The EIA for anti-HAV showed an excellent correlation with RIA, indicating its usefulness for the demonstration of the immune status in these subjects. Positive results of anti-HAV were obtained in the early stage after the onset of hepatitis A. However, pretreatment for inactivation of samples was required. False-positive reactions were found in sera to which sodium azide was added as preservative. In the measurement of IgM anti HAV, a fundamental study revealed quite satisfactory results, correlation with the results of RIA was excellent. In patients with hepatitis A, the titers reached a peak in the second to third week, followed by a gradual decline. Changes to a negative reaction were never encountered within three months. We concluded that the EIA is an useful tool in the diagnosis of hepatitis A and can replace RIA. PMID- 3896909 TI - A case of pericholecystic abscess diagnosed by ultrasonography. AB - Pericholecystic abscess is a serious complication of cholecystitis. Though preoperative diagnosis is easy by gray-scale ultrasonography, there has been no case reported in which the communication between pericholecystic abscess and the gallbladder was demonstrated ultrasonically. We experienced a case in which the communication route between a pericholecystic abscess and the gallbladder was successfully demonstrated by a real-time electric linear scanner. Furthermore, the abscess was successfully treated by percutaneous drainage following ultrasonically guided puncture. This success demonstrates that ultrasonography by a real-time scanner can be effective for diagnosis and treatment of acute cholecystitis and pericholecystic abscess. PMID- 3896910 TI - Measurement of gastric emptying time by real-time ultrasonography. AB - This paper describes an ultrasound method of assessing gastric emptying time based on measurements of the gastric antrum, which is visible in almost all subjects before and after meals. A total of 54 subjects were examined including 18 normal subjects and 36 subjects with idiopathic functional dyspepsia. The emptying time was determined in all subjects by measuring the changes in the cross-sectional area of the gastric antrum. In a subgroup of 34 subjects the volume of the whole antropyloric region was also considered. Measurements were taken by the same observer after fasting and at regular 30-min intervals after a standard 800-cal meal. Final emptying time (calculated in relation to the start of the meal) was considered to be the time at which the antral area or volume returned to basal value. Final emptying time (mean +/- SD) was 248 +/- 39 min in normal subjects and 359 +/- 64 min in patients with functional dyspepsia (p less than 0.001). A significantly higher degree of dilatation of the gastric antrum was found in dyspeptic patients than in control subjects. Barium x-ray of the stomach in 19 subjects always confirmed the ultrasound finding on the presence or absence of contents within the stomach. We conclude that this kind of ultrasound study of the antropyloric region allows accurate determination of total gastric emptying time. PMID- 3896911 TI - Gastric leiomyoblastoma with metastases to the liver. A 36-year follow-up study. AB - A patient presented with large intrahepatic tumoral masses 36 yr after the initial detection of multiple liver metastases during a gastrectomy. The operation had been performed to remove four ulcerated polypoid gastric lesions. Reexamination of the previous liver and gastric biopsy specimens revealed a gastric leiomyoblastoma with metastases to the liver. The smooth muscle origin of this tumor was confirmed by positive staining for desmin intermediate filaments. This very long survival is extremely unusual in cases of metastatic gastric leiomyoblastoma. PMID- 3896912 TI - Cyclic motor activity; migrating motor complex: 1985. AB - Most of the gastrointestinal tract and the biliary tract have a cyclic motor activity. The electric counterpart of this motor activity is called cyclic myoelectric activity. A typical motor cycle in the LES, stomach, and small intestine is composed of a quiescent state, followed by progressively increasing amplitude and frequency of contractions culminating in a state of maximal contractile activity. The colonic motor cycle has only the quiescent and the contractile states. In the small intestine, these motor complexes migrate in an aborad direction, and in the colon in both orad and aborad directions. The mechanisms of initiation and migration of these complexes are best understood in the small intestine. Both the initiation and migration of these complexes seem to be controlled by enteric neural mechanisms. The functions of the enteric mechanisms may be modulated by the central nervous system and by circulating endogenous substances. The mechanisms of initiation of these complexes are not completely understood in the rest of the gastrointestinal tract and in the biliary tract. The physiologic function of these motor complexes that occur only after several hours of fast in the upper gastrointestinal tract of nonruminants may be to clean the digestive tract of residual food, secretions, and cellular debris. This function is aided by a coordinated secretion of enzymes, acid, and bicarbonate. In ruminants, phase III activity is associated with the distal propulsion of ingested food. The function of colonic motor complexes that are not coordinated with the cyclic motor activities of the rest of the gastrointestinal tract may be only to move contents back and forth for optimal absorption. PMID- 3896913 TI - Occult blood screening. PMID- 3896914 TI - Endoscopic ultrasonography: a preliminary report. AB - In order to define normal endoscopic ultrasonographic anatomy with particular emphasis on the pancreas, we studied 25 patients using a prototype ultrasound fiberoptic endoscope (model GF-UM1) and endoscopic ultrasound observation unit (model EU-M1) developed by the Olympus Corporation. We obtained a number of good quality scans of various retroperitoneal structures, and in several cases pancreatic texture and even the pancreatic duct could be appreciated. Differentiation of mucosal from intramural diseases of the hollow gut and from diseases of the retroperitoneal organs can be made by means of endoscopic ultrasonography. PMID- 3896915 TI - [Immunohistochemical determination of estrogen receptors in breast carcinoma tissue using monoclonal antibodies. 1st clinical findings]. AB - The results of preliminary investigations into specific immunohistochemical detection of the estrogen receptor in breast cancer tissue by means of monoclonal antibodies are presented. Thirty-one tumor tissue samples stored in a tumor tissue bank for between 10 and 35 months were immunohistochemically studied. The comparison between the immunohistochemical result and the result of the biochemical estrogen receptor assay show a large measure of agreement (90%). The comparison of the results with regard to response to endocrine therapy in cases of metastatization shows that immunohistochemical detection furnishes at least as much information as the dextran-coated charcoal method. PMID- 3896916 TI - The effectiveness of an internal escape channel's role in crown cementation with various dental cements. PMID- 3896917 TI - Options for esthetic clasps. PMID- 3896918 TI - A modified technique for rubber-base impressions. PMID- 3896919 TI - Bond strengths of restorative materials to dentin. PMID- 3896920 TI - A modified technique for facial veneering. PMID- 3896921 TI - Subcutaneous emphysema with pneumomediastinum following tooth extraction. PMID- 3896922 TI - Radiation induced structural and functional modification of haemoglobin. AB - An abnormality in the primary structure of dog haemoglobin was observed 1-20 days after their whole body irradiation with 190 keV X-rays (4.0 Gy). It consisted in a substitution of tryptophane residue in position 15 of the beta-chain for serine. The percentage of abnormal beta-chains in different time intervals after irradiation was determined. The structural changes have functional impact: an increasing haemoglobin affinity to oxygen. This could be explained on the basis of changes in the tertiary structure of haemoglobin, which may result from the substitution Trp 15----Ser15 in the beta-chain which may influence the haeme ability to bind oxygen. PMID- 3896923 TI - Genetic analysis of staphylococcal nuclease: identification of three intragenic "global" suppressors of nuclease-minus mutations. AB - A collection of 77 unique missense mutations distributed across the gene encoding staphylococcal nuclease (nuc) has been assembled. These mutations were induced by random gap misrepair mutagenesis of the cloned gene and were identified in E. coli transformants expressing reduced levels of nuclease activity. Four nuc- mutations which alter amino acid residues at positions outside of the active site region of the enzyme were submitted to a second round of mutagenesis, and characterization of several independent NUC+ isolates lead to the identification of three second-site suppressor mutations within the protein-coding sequence of the nuc gene. On separation from the mutation originally suppressed and recombination with a number of other nuc- mutations, all three suppressors displayed the property of "global" suppression, i.e., phenotypic suppression of the nuclease-minus character of multiple different alleles. A simple and generally applicable strategy was used to obtain efficient homologous recombination between plasmids for purposes of mapping nuc- mutations, mapping second-site suppressors and constructing double mutant combinations from pairs of single mutations. PMID- 3896924 TI - A mapping method for Saccharomyces cerevisiae using rad52-induced chromosome loss. AB - Saccharomyces cerevisiae diploids homozygous for the rad52-1 mutation have previously been shown to lose chromosomes mitotically. Spontaneous events and events following low levels of X-ray or methyl methanesulfonate treatment result in monosomic diploids, whereas higher levels of treatment result in near haploidization. This rad52-1-dependent chromosome loss has been used to develop a new mapping method which can be used to assign a previously unmapped gene to a chromosome. Chromosome loss mapping can be done in either of two ways: if a diploid, homozygous for rad52-1 but heterozygous for a variety of other recessive markers, is constructed with an unmapped recessive mutation in coupling with known chromosomal markers, chromosome loss will result in the coordinate expression of the mutation and other recessive markers on the same chromosome; if, however, the diploid is constructed with the unmapped mutation in repulsion to chromosomal markers, then even haploidization will never result in the coordinate expression of the unmapped mutation and other markers on the same homologous chromosome pair--This mapping method and subsequent tetrad analyses have been used to locate hom6 on chromosome X, ade4 on chromosome XIII and cdc31 on chromosome XV and to demonstrate that met5, previously assigned to chromosome V, actually maps to chromosome X; the met- marker on chromosome V has been shown to be met6. GAL80 and SUP5, previously assigned to an unmapped fragment, have now been mapped to the right arm of chromosome XIII. PMID- 3896925 TI - Mapping CDC mutations in the yeast S. cerevisiae by rad52-mediated chromosome loss. AB - Using the chromosome loss-mapping method of Schild and Mortimer, I have mapped several new temperature-sensitive mutations that define five CDC genes. Modified procedures were used to facilitate mapping temperature-sensitive mutations in general, and these modifications are discussed. The mutations were assigned to specific chromosomes by chromosome loss procedures, and linkage relationships were determined subsequently by standard tetrad analysis. Four of the mutations define new loci. The fifth mutation, cdc63-1, is shown to be allelic to previously known mutations in the PRT1 gene. PMID- 3896927 TI - Two recessive suppressors of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cho1 that are unlinked but fall in the same complementation group. AB - Phenotypic reversion of ethanolamine-requiring Saccharomyces cerevisiae cho1 mutants is predominantly due to recessive mutations at genes unlinked to the chromosome V cho1 locus. The recessive suppressors do not correct the primary cho1 defect in phosphatidylserine synthesis but circumvent it with a novel endogenous supply of ethanolamine. One suppressor (eam1) was previously mapped to chromosome X, and 135 suppressor isolates were identified as eam1 alleles by complementation analysis. Additional meiotic recombination studies have identified a second genetic locus, eam2, that falls in the eam1 complementation group but maps close to the centromere of chromosome IV. Although the normal EAM1 and EAM2 alleles are fully dominant over recessive mutant alleles, their dominance fails in diploids heterozygous for defects in both genes simultaneously. The unusual complementation pattern could be explained by interaction of the gene products in formation of the same enzyme. PMID- 3896926 TI - Meiotic gene conversion mutants in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. I. Isolation and characterization of pms1-1 and pms1-2. AB - The pms1 mutants, isolated on the basis of sharply elevated meiotic prototroph frequencies for two closely linked his4 alleles, display pleiotropic phenotypes in meiotic and mitotic cells. Two isolates carrying recessive mutations in PMS1 were characterized. They identify a function required to maintain low postmeiotic segregation (PMS) frequencies at many heterozygous sites. In addition, they are mitotic mutators. In mutant diploids, spore viability is reduced, and among survivors, gene conversion and postmeiotic segregation frequencies are increased, but reciprocal exchange frequencies are not affected. The conversion event pattern is also dramatically changed in multiply marked regions in pms1 homozygotes. The PMS1 locus maps near MET4 on chromosome XIV. The PMS1 gene may identify an excision-resynthesis long patch mismatch correction function or a function that facilitates correction tract elongation. The PMS1 gene product may also play an important role in spontaneous mitotic mutation avoidance and correction of mismatches in heteroduplex DNA formed during spontaneous and UV induced mitotic recombination. Based on meiotic recombination models emphasizing mismatch correction in heteroduplex DNA intermediates, this interpretation is favored, but alternative interpretations involving longer recombination intermediates in the mutants are also considered. PMID- 3896928 TI - Rad52-independent mitotic gene conversion in Saccharomyces cerevisiae frequently results in chromosomal loss. AB - We have examined spontaneous, interchromosomal mitotic recombination events between his4 alleles in both Rad+ and rad52 strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In Rad+ strains, 74% of the His+ prototrophs resulted from gene conversion events without exchange of flanking markers. In diploids homozygous for the rad52-1 mutation, the frequency of His+ prototroph formation was less than 5% of the wild type value, and more than 80% of the gene conversion events were accompanied by an exchange of flanking markers. Most of the rad52 intragenic recombination events arose by gene conversion accompanied by an exchange of flanking markers and not by a simple reciprocal exchange between the his4A and his4C alleles. There were also profound effects on the kinds of recombinant products that were recovered. The most striking effect was that RAD52-independent mitotic recombination frequently results in the loss of one of the two chromosomes participating in the gene conversion event. PMID- 3896929 TI - [Generation of deletions in the region of the crp gene on the Escherichia coli chromosome]. AB - Deletions in the argD, crp, cysG genes (73-74 min of the Escherichia coli genetic map) were obtained by heat induction of the phage lambda c1857 b221 rex::Tn5 integrated previously into the cysG gene by homologous recombination in the cysG::Tn5 mutant. Properties of the deletions obtained suggest the gene order: argD-crp-cysG. PMID- 3896930 TI - [Spontaneous rate of occurrence of 2 characters of the transformation phenotype in a mouse fibroblast culture]. AB - The spontaneous rate of occurrence of two characters of malignant transformation was studied in mouse embryo fibroblasts C3H10T1/2, clone 8. This cell line, though "immortal" in vitro, is characterized by a normal phenotype in respect to many other properties. The spontaneous rate of occurrence of anchorage independence (aga+) and dense foci on cell monolayer varied in different experiments from 0.65 X 10(-6) to 1.2 X 10(-6) and from 1.2 X 10(-6) to 3.6 X 10( 6) per cell per generation, respectively. The fluctuation test has shown that both characters occur as random spontaneous events. The altered colony morphology proved to be stable in all 28 foci of independent origin tested. In most cases, the morphological transformants were anchorage-independent. It is suggested that the occurrence of the characters studied is due to mutation in a gene with pleiotropic effect. PMID- 3896931 TI - Expression of a nitrogen-fixation gene encoding a nitrogenase subunit in yeast. AB - Biological nitrogen fixation is catalyzed by nitrogenase, an enzyme complex exclusive to prokaryotes. We used the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to study the synthesis, and subsequently the assembly, of nitrogenase components in a eukaryote. Here, the Klebsiella pneumoniae nifH gene, encoding the subunit of the Fe protein (Kp2) component of nitrogenase, was expressed in S. cerevisiae from the yeast ADHI promoter. The nifH gene product, detected in yeast by immunoblot analysis with anti-Kp2 antibodies, exhibited the same electrophoretic mobility in SDS-polyacrylamide gels as that of the Kp2 subunit synthesized in K. pneumoniae. Estimates of Kp2 antigen and assays of beta-galactosidase activity specified by nifH'-'lacZ fusions showed that the level of nifH product was similar in anaerobically and aerobically grown yeast, but varied with different transforming plasmids and in various haploid and diploid yeast strains. A cistron located downstream to nifH in a transcript resembling the polycistronic mRNA of the nifHDKY operon in K. pneumoniae is not translated in yeast. PMID- 3896932 TI - ColD-derived cloning vectors that autoamplify in the stationary phase of bacterial growth. AB - The construction of cloning vectors based on the replicon of plasmid ColD-CA23 is reported. These vectors, like ColD itself, autoamplify when cultures of host bacteria enter the stationary phase of growth, thereby resulting in a substantial increase in the expression of cloned genes as a consequence of the increase in gene dosage. The principal advantage of these vectors is that, unlike the situation pertaining to other expression vectors, the increase in expression of genes cloned in ColD vectors does not require any experimental intervention (i.e., occurs naturally), and takes place at high cell densities. The vectors show high stability in Escherichia coli strains and are compatible with ColE1 type cloning vectors. PMID- 3896933 TI - Cloning of genes encoding pectolytic enzymes from a genomic library of the phytopathogenic bacterium, Erwinia chrysanthemi. AB - Erwinia chrysanthemi are phytopathogenic enterobacteria causing soft-rot disease due to pectolytic enzymes degrading plant cell walls. We constructed a genomic library from Sau3A-digested E. chrysanthemi B374 DNA cloned in the BamHI site of the broad-host-range cosmid pMMB33 grown in Escherichia coli. Out of 1500 kanamycin-resistant (KmR) transductants of E. coli, nine pectolytic-enzyme positive clones were identified. One of these contained the pEW325 cosmid with a 35-kb insert of Erwinia DNA. Cell extracts of E. coli harboring the cosmid pEW325 were fractionated on a polyacrylamide electrofocusing gel; bands with pectolytic activity were found to co-focus with pectolytic enzymes of E. chrysanthemi B374 strain. Cosmid pEW325 encodes three pectolytic enzymes PL10, PL20 and PL130 with isoelectric points of about 9.3, 9.2 and 4.6, respectively. These enzymes are lyases that cleave polygalacturonate by transelimination, and give rise to unsaturated products. A 15-kb HindIII fragment coding for polygalacturonate lyases was subcloned in pBR322, and a physical map of the resulting plasmid pPL01 was constructed. Starting from the pPL01, various endonuclease-generated fragments were subcloned into pBR322. Genes encoding pectate lyases were localized within an 8-kb fragment (pPL04) and then in a 2.7-kb fragment (pPL03). Polygalacturonate lyases are expressed at various levels; they accumulated in the periplasmic space of E. coli host, whereas E. chrysanthemi secreted these enzymes into the culture medium. PMID- 3896934 TI - An Escherichia coli recBCsbcBrecF host permits the deletion-resistant propagation of plasmid clones containing the 5'-terminal palindrome of minute virus of mice. AB - The deletion events that have plagued attempts to maintain molecular clones with long palindromic DNA sequences in Escherichia coli have been shown to be less frequent in recBCsbcB hosts [Collins et al., Gene 19 (1982) 139-146]. This study sought to determine if such hosts would permit the stable propagation of plasmid clones carrying the deletion-generating, 206 nucleotide (nt) long, imperfect palindrome derived from the 5' terminus of the genome of minute virus of mice (MVM), an autonomous parvovirus [Astell et al., Nucleic Acids Res. 11 (1983) 999 1018]. To this end these hybrid plasmids were used to transform several different mutant recBCsbcB hosts, followed by the isolation and restriction mapping of plasmid DNA from selected transformants. Characterization of plasmid DNA isolated from a recBCsbcBrecF host indicated deletion-resistant propagation of the intact species. Sequence analysis of unamplified and chloramphenicol (Cm)-amplified plasmid DNA obtained from these clones confirmed the integrity of the palindromic region of the viral DNA insert. PMID- 3896935 TI - Plasmids pEMBLY: new single-stranded shuttle vectors for the recovery and analysis of yeast DNA sequences. AB - We describe the construction and properties of pEMBLY plasmids. They belong to a new family of yeast shuttle vectors which are derived from plasmid vector pEMBL9 and offer the following improvement: relatively small size; large number of cloning sites; screening for insert-containing plasmids on indicator plates; different combinations of genes which complement auxotrophic deficiencies and sequences that support DNA replication in Saccharomyces cerevisiae; and ability to isolate the plasmid DNA in single-stranded (ss) form. The yeast S. cerevisiae can be efficiently transformed by these plasmids in both the ss and double stranded (ds) forms. Finally, the presence of the phage f1 intergenic region allows one to obtain the cloned sequences in the ss form upon infection with the wild-type ss phage [Dotto et al., Virology 114 (1981) 463-473]. PMID- 3896936 TI - Cloning of the pectate lyase genes from Erwinia carotovora and their expression in Escherichia coli. AB - A hybrid cosmid coding for pectate lyase (PL) activity was identified from an Erwinia carotovora genomic library by an immunological screening method. A 7-kb DNA fragment was identified which codes for three proteins identical in size to proteins with PL activity purified from E. carotovora culture supernatants. The three proteins had apparent Mrs of 41, 44 and 44 X 10(3) as estimated by SDS PAGE. None of the PLs were exported from Escherichia coli strain HB101 but all were found in the periplasmic space. Plant tissue was macerated by the PLs made in E. coli. PMID- 3896937 TI - Expression of a biologically active analogue of somatomedin-C/insulin-like growth factor I. AB - A synthetic gene coding for an analogue of somatomedin-C/insulin-like growth factor I (Sm-C/IGF-I) was synthesized by solid support phosphoramidite chemistry and subsequently cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli as a fusion protein. The gene, designed with a threonine codon substituted for a methionine codon at position 59 was expressed fused to an eight-amino acid leader peptide under the direction of the E. coli tryptophan promoter. The fusion protein, termed L0 [Thr59]-Sm-C/IGF-I was purified extensively (greater than 97%) and found to be 60% as active as native Sm-C/IGF-I in a radioimmunoassay and 50% as potent as native Sm-C/IGF-I in a radioreceptor assay. Like native Sm-C/IGF-I it was also mitogenic for Balb/c 3T3 cells. After removal of the eight amino acid leader peptide by cyanogen bromide treatment, the resulting threonine analogue, termed [Thr59]-Sm-C/IGF-I was 80% as potent as native Sm-C/IGF-I in both the RIA and the radioreceptor assays. It was also mitogenic in Balb/c 3T3 cells. These two analogues, therefore, display biological activities similar to human-derived Sm C/IGF-I. PMID- 3896938 TI - Dilemmas in managing prostate carcinoma (Part II): Metastatic disease. AB - All newly diagnosed patients should be evaluated for ureteral obstruction and impaired renal function. Partial ureteral obstruction frequently responds to androgen suppression therapy. Most patients eventually have significant pain, usually due to bone destruction from metastases. Pharmaceutical palliation is usually required. Drug intervention should be on a regular schedule--avoid prn dosage of pain medications. PMID- 3896939 TI - [James Israel: my travels to the Sultan (1915). Remarks on the diary of a medical mission]. PMID- 3896940 TI - [The concept of nature philosophy in physiology in the writings of John Christian Friedrich Harless]. PMID- 3896941 TI - [Publication of the Haller-Bonnet correspondence]. PMID- 3896942 TI - [A discussion of the Stensen experiment]. PMID- 3896943 TI - [In memoriam Heinrich Buess. 17 May 1911-31 December 1984]. PMID- 3896944 TI - [The intraorbital tumor of Field Marshal Radetzky cured by homeopathic therapy]. PMID- 3896945 TI - Physicians and healing personnel in the works of Flavius Josephus. PMID- 3896946 TI - [Johann Jakob Wepfer's experimental toxicology]. PMID- 3896947 TI - [A military medicine examination in 1794]. PMID- 3896948 TI - [Hufeland's opium therapy in comparison with contemporary thought]. PMID- 3896950 TI - [Sanitary and epidemiological services in Moscow during World War II]. PMID- 3896949 TI - Fibronectin of the chorioretinal interface in the monkey: immunohistochemical and immunoelectron microscopic studies. AB - The distribution of fibronectin in the chorioretinal interface of the monkey eye was studied by indirect immunofluorescent and immunoelectron microscopic techniques. Immunofluorescent staining revealed fibronectin in Bruch's membrane and the choriocapillaris. Immunoelectron microscopic techniques revealed fibronectin associated with basement membranes, collagen fibers and elastic fibers in Bruch's membrane; the stromal side of the basement membrane of the choriocapillaris also showed staining. This study thus demonstrates that fibronectin is an integral component of Bruch's membrane in the monkey eye. PMID- 3896952 TI - [Hygienic aspects of nutrition in night shift work]. PMID- 3896951 TI - [Gonadotoxic action of the components of polymeric materials]. PMID- 3896953 TI - [Environmental pollution and the problems of growth acceleration]. PMID- 3896954 TI - [40th anniversary of a great victory]. PMID- 3896955 TI - [Industrial health inspection in Moscow during World War II]. PMID- 3896956 TI - [Current problems of occupational pathology during World War II]. PMID- 3896957 TI - [Industrial hygienists at the fronts in World War II]. PMID- 3896958 TI - [Etiology of Dupuytren's contracture of the fingers (review of the literature)]. PMID- 3896959 TI - [Functional state of the cardiovascular system in female students of technical institutes while working with instructional computer displays]. PMID- 3896960 TI - The gay bowel. PMID- 3896961 TI - Pathology of the alimentary tract in Salmonella typhimurium food poisoning. AB - The pathology of the alimentary tracts of nine patients dying of Salmonella typhimurium infection is reviewed. Two patients had previous gastric operations, supporting previous reports that such patients are more susceptible to food poisoning. Four had no parietal (oxyntic) cells in the gastric mucosa, suggesting hypo- or anacidity. Only one had acute gastritis. None had acute enteritis, but in half of the patients, subtle histological changes suggested an 'enteropathy'. Acute diffuse colitis with abundant crypt abscesses, without stromal abscesses in the lamina propria, was the most constant finding and reparative features started very early, and occurred in later deaths. Under ideal circumstances this crypt abscess is readily distinguished from that of idiopathic ulcerative colitis, but can be confused with the crypt abscess of acute bacillary (sonne) dysentery. While the florid colonic changes may have settled in the late deaths, active inflammation is commonly present in the appendix mucosa on histology. The pathology of the alimentary tract in S typhimurium infection differs from that of S typhi and S paratyphi infections. There is little evidence of gastroenteritis, although subtle changes occur in the stomach and small intestine. The features are those of acute diffuse colitis with histological appendicitis, distinguishable from idiopathic ulcerative colitis. PMID- 3896962 TI - Computer-aided selection of diagnostic tests in jaundiced patients. AB - A model has been developed for ordering diagnostic tests in jaundiced patients. The system proceeds in two steps: (i) diagnostic hypotheses are calculated for each patient from the results of physical examination and routine biological investigations; (ii) given these hypotheses, the most efficient test (out of 22) for reaching the final diagnosis is selected using four criteria: diagnostic value, risk, financial cost, and time in obtaining the result. This model was tested in 62 patients. In 43 of them (69%), the selected test was sufficient for reaching a diagnostic accuracy of 100%. In this group of patients, a mean of 3.7 (range 1-6) tests per patient was ordered by physicians. In the 19 remaining patients, the selected test was not sufficient for the final diagnosis, thus requiring a multiple choice process. It is suggested that such a system could help physicians to improve the care of patients by more efficient ordering of diagnostic tests. PMID- 3896964 TI - Effect of (+)-cyanidanol-3 on chronic active hepatitis: a double blind controlled trial. AB - Forty patients with biopsy proven chronic active hepatitis were studied, 22 received (+)-cyanidanol-3 in a dose of 3 g daily and 18 placebo. Side effects related to cyanidanol were fever (four patients), haemolysis (one patient) and urticaria (one patient). All side effects subsided on discontinuation of the medication. Cyanidanol had an effect no better than placebo on symptoms, laboratory tests, and histological findings on liver biopsy. PMID- 3896963 TI - Some aspects of the epidemiology of ulcerative colitis. PMID- 3896965 TI - Specific food intolerance. PMID- 3896966 TI - Gram-negative bacteraemia: new therapeutic possibilities with anti-endotoxin antibodies. PMID- 3896967 TI - Are granulocyte transfusions helpful in treating and preventing infections? PMID- 3896968 TI - Identification of the human cellular myc gene product by antibody against the bacterially expressed protein. PMID- 3896969 TI - Allogeneic marrow transplantation from HLA-identical siblings in the acute leukemias: Baltimore experience. PMID- 3896970 TI - Monoclonal antibodies and immunotoxins in bone marrow transplantation: purging marrow of ALL or GVHD cells with preservation of stem cells. PMID- 3896971 TI - Partial characterization of murine haematopoietic cell growth factor mRNA. PMID- 3896972 TI - Bone marrow transplantation for acute leukemia. PMID- 3896973 TI - T cell depletion of donor marrow for prevention of acute graft-versus-host disease. PMID- 3896974 TI - Long-term survivors of adult acute nonlymphocytic leukemia: fact or fiction? AB - From 1970 to 1982, remission rates from large series of patients with a median age of approximately 50 years continue to exceed 50% and in series of younger patients may be as high as 75%. These improved results have been due to the combination of cytosar and an anthracycline in RI programs. The current major question is whether or not "consolidation" therapy has improved long-term disease free survival. Our current results, covering the decade 1970-1980 and using more and more intensive RC programs, do not demonstrate an increase in the percentage of long-term survivors. The results from 1980 to 1982 are encouraging, but must be tempered by the fact that late relapses of adult ANLL are becoming more frequent and 2-year follow-up is much too short an evaluation period. In addition, the prolonged survival in program D may be due to the more intensive RI program and not at all related to the RC. At the present time, our experience lends no support to the theory that more intensive RC programs meaningfully prolong long-term survival. PMID- 3896975 TI - New approaches to the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia. PMID- 3896976 TI - Treatment of leukemia with low dose Ara-C: a study of 159 cases. PMID- 3896978 TI - Improved treatment results in childhood acute myelogenous leukemia: an update of the German cooperative study AML-BFM-78. PMID- 3896977 TI - The epipodophyllotoxin VP16-213 in combination chemotherapy for adults with acute nonlymphoblastic leukaemia. AB - A total of 232 previously untreated adults with acute nonlymphoblastic leukaemia were consecutively entered into four successive studies. In the first, complete remission rates and survival were inferior to a group treated on the same regimen in London, suggesting population differences, possibly on the basis of late referral and poor nutritional status. In the second study the addition of the epipodophyllotoxin VP16-213 to conventional doses of doxorubicin and cytosine arabinoside improved complete remission rate and median duration of survival. In the third study this induction programme was unchanged and short duration of intensification was compared with an extended period, but no statistically significant difference was demonstrated. In the fourth study, which is currently active, the role of the epipodophyllotoxin VP16-213 (Cape Town Regimen/CTR III) was compared with the same two agents in combination with thioguanine (DAT), but to date no difference in remission rate or survival is evident. Four conclusions are supported by data from these studies. First, the addition of VP16-213 to doxorubicin and cytosine arabinoside improves complete remission rate, prolongs median duration of complete remission and survival, with shortening of the time taken to achieve this status in our population. Second, evidence to date shows no advantage for the DAT programme containing thioguanine over CTR III in which this latter agent is replaced by the epipodophyllotoxin VP16-213. Third, there is no statistically significant difference in survival once patients have achieved complete remission following randomisation to receive 6 months in comparison with 15 months of intensification therapy. Finally, of the previously described prognostic factors, only response to initial chemotherapy has proved significant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3896979 TI - Clinical experiences with a modified BFM protocol in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. PMID- 3896980 TI - Summary overview of clinical session. PMID- 3896981 TI - [Diagnosis and therapy of immunologic sterility]. PMID- 3896982 TI - Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in haemophilic arthritis. A clinical and laboratory study. AB - Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are theoretically contra-indicated in the haemophilias but might be useful for those patients with chronic arthritic pain, as long-term strong analgesics are also undesirable. We carried out studies of platelet function and coagulation in 8 normal controls and 7 haemophiliacs while they were taking sequentially benoxaprofen and salsalate. No significant alterations in platelet function, bleeding time or coagulation occurred with either drug. In a subsequent double-blind controlled clinical trial using ibuprofen and placebo 8 of 9 patients had a significant reduction in pain score whilst using ibuprofen without significant change in the frequency of bleeds or the amount of concentrate used. Laboratory measures of coagulation also failed to reveal any adverse effect of the active drug. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may be beneficial and may be used with caution in haemophilia. PMID- 3896983 TI - Vitamin K-dependent carboxylase. AB - Vitamin K-dependent carboxylase is found in the liver, where it is involved in the synthesis of four blood coagulation factors and protein C. The hepatic enzyme has partly been purified and several mechanisms have been postulated for the vitamin K-dependent carboxylation reaction. Recently the enzyme has also been detected in other tissues including the lung, kidney, spleen, testis, bone and arterial vessel wall. The proteins produced by these non-hepatic carboxylases are now being characterized, but in most cases their function is still unknown. This paper is meant to review our present knowledge in this field. PMID- 3896984 TI - [Renal transplantation in amyloid nephropathy]. PMID- 3896985 TI - [Severe side-effects of captopril]. PMID- 3896986 TI - Extending the boundaries of life: implications for practice. AB - Recent advances in medical technology are confounding traditional definitions of life and death and even of who is a person. This article considers the implications of these developments for social workers and presents a technique for helping clients make decisions in the face of ethical dilemmas created by new medical technologies. PMID- 3896987 TI - [Inhibitory mechanism of ifenprodil tartrate on rabbit platelet aggregation]. AB - The effects of dl-erythro-4-benzyl-alpha-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-beta-methyl-l piperidine-eth anol tartrate (ifenprodil tartrate) on rabbit platelet aggregation in vitro and ex vivo were studied. Ifenprodil tartrate inhibited platelet aggregation in vitro induced by ADP, collagen and epinephrine. It also inhibited 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) uptake into platelets and 5-HT release from platelets. Since these inhibitory effects of ifenprodil tartrate on the functions of rabbit platelets were similar to the effects of imipramine, the effects of ifenprodil tartrate may be due to the stabilizing action of ifenprodil tartrate on the platelet membrane. The platelet aggregation by ADP was significantly inhibited in rabbits after oral administration of ifenprodil tartrate, the maximal plasma level of ifenprodil being reached at 20 ng/ml ex vivo, while the maximal level was only 1/40 of the minimal concentration of ifenprodil tartrate necessary to inhibit platelet aggregation in vitro. These results indicate that factors other than ifenprodil tartrate acting directly on the platelets (e.g., PGI2 which is an endogenous inhibitor of platelet aggregation) are involved in inducing the inhibitory effects of ifenprodil tartrate on platelet aggregation ex vivo. The effects of ifenprodil tartrate on both PGI2 release from the aorta and the inhibitory effects of PGI2 on platelet aggregation in vitro were investigated: PGI2 was found to intensify the inhibitory effects of ifenprodil tartrate on platelet aggregation in vitro, but there was little effect, if any, on PGI2 release. Therefore, it is considered that the ex vivo effects of ifenprodil tartrate might be due to its interaction with endogenous PGI2 in the blood. PMID- 3896988 TI - Innervation of the endocrine part of the pancreas of the Bulgarian rabbit as revealed by the cholinesterase technique. PMID- 3896989 TI - Effects of using liver fractions from different mammals, including man, on results of mutagenicity assays in Salmonella typhimurium. AB - Twenty chemicals, including 16 aromatic amines, were studied in the Salmonella/mammalian-microsome mutagenicity test using the bacterial strains TA100 and TA98 to compare the activation potential of liver preparations from several mammalian species. The hepatic post-mitochondrial supernatants (S-9 fractions) of rat, mouse, hamster, dog, monkey and man were used for metabolic activation. Striking quantitative and even qualitative differences were apparent in the capacity of the different preparations to activate the compounds to mutagens. All compounds that gave positive results in the Ames test when activated with a liver preparation from Aroclor-pretreated rats were also identified as mutagens when tested in the presence of S-9 from one or more other species. Four substituted anilines, however, were converted to mutagenic metabolites only in the presence of a post-mitochondrial fraction of hamster liver. Three human carcinogens, 2-aminoanthracene, benzidine and cyclophosphamide were detected as mutagens under various experimental conditions, including metabolic activation by human or monkey liver S-9. There were no qualitative differences in the mutagenic responses obtained in assays with human and monkey liver S-9. PMID- 3896990 TI - Naturally occurring beta-lactams. PMID- 3896991 TI - New techniques for the mass spectrometry of natural products. PMID- 3896992 TI - Chemical synthesis of the trichothecenes. PMID- 3896994 TI - [Historical development of bone replacement of the mandible]. PMID- 3896993 TI - Quassinoid bitter principles. II. PMID- 3896995 TI - [Problems of osteosynthesis in free and microsurgically transplanted bone]. PMID- 3896996 TI - [Modified suture technic following operative extraction of mandibular wisdom teeth]. PMID- 3896997 TI - [Errors in the determination of indications and choice of operative method in preprosthetic surgery]. PMID- 3896998 TI - [Anatomic studies of the fascicular structure of individual cranial nerves as a principle in the prevention of failures in microsurgical nerve suture]. PMID- 3896999 TI - [Evaluation of various operative methods in relation to the prevention of failures in scar correction]. PMID- 3897000 TI - [Supplement to the clinical study on the effectiveness of an anticataract preparation]. PMID- 3897001 TI - [Source of error in a commercial program for calculating intraocular lenses]. PMID- 3897002 TI - [Penetrating keratoplasty in Fuchs' dystrophy with implantation of a posterior chamber lens]. PMID- 3897003 TI - [Morphologic correlate of direct and indirect specular microscopy findings]. PMID- 3897004 TI - [Migraine therapy in childhood]. PMID- 3897005 TI - [Antimycotic effect of naftifin in tinea pedis. Comparative double-blind study with bifonazole]. PMID- 3897006 TI - [Human insulin--a mosaic stone of current diabetes therapy]. PMID- 3897007 TI - [Bulimia]. AB - In a literary synopsis we inform about eating addiction or binges already known in antiquity and differentiated as bulimos (fames bovina) respectively as kynorexia (fames canina), partially in a still true description. The syndrome, occurring increasingly since one decade, consists of periodically pathological and excessive devouring of food, mostly consecutive restrictive diet and/or vomiting, use of laxatives, depressivity, experience of shame and guilt s.o. At a prevalency of 5% of the (psychiatric) patients mainly women (95%) are concerned, showing a postpubertary begin of disease. In spite of certain connexions to the anorexia nervosa we have to define the bulimia as its counterpart. The different etiological conceptions suppose an epilepsy-like disorder, an attachment to the (endogenic) depression or the presumption of neuro-endocrine events. Largely it is applied to intra- and interpsychical neurotic conflictuality, though actually behavioristical aspects seem to be preferred. The therapeutic intentions comprise anticonvulsives and antidepressives in view of medicamentous treatment; the psychical treatment comprises psychoanalysis, outpatient and inpatient clinical psychotherapy and all actually usual methods up to self-help groups. PMID- 3897008 TI - [New ways to manage a single tooth gap with acid etch technic: bonded bridges]. PMID- 3897009 TI - Effect of zinc on insulin binding to rat adipocytes and hepatic membranes and to human placental membranes and IM-9 lymphocytes. AB - The effect of ionic zinc on the binding of 125I-insulin to a variety of tissues with well-characterized insulin receptors has been assessed. In the isolated rat adipocyte, zinc (250 to 1000 microM) showed dose-dependent stimulation of insulin specific binding, with little change in non-specific binding. This effect was rapid and sustained during a 60 min incubation and was due to a Zn-mediated increase in the number of available binding sites. No changes in binding affinity were apparent. A similar but smaller stimulation of insulin binding was observed at lower Zn concentrations (25-50 microM) in rat liver membranes. In this tissue, higher doses of Zn caused a marked rise in non-specific binding and resulted in the loss of any apparent specific binding of insulin. Similar effects were seen in IM-9 lymphocytes and human placental membranes, although in this latter case the Zn effect on non-specific binding was less marked. These data indicate that ionic zinc exerts a tissue-specific stimulation of insulin binding to its receptors. An intriguing corollary, that requires further study, is that this effect may be related to the known association of insulin with Zn, and thus to an enhancement of insulin action in vivo, at least on the adipocyte. PMID- 3897011 TI - Effect of pancreatic glucagon upon secretion of extrapancreatic glucagon in dogs. PMID- 3897010 TI - Hyperinsulinemia in acute intermittent porphyria. AB - Diabetic oral glucose tolerance test together with hyperinsulinemia in a patient with decompensated acute intermittent porphyria is contrasted to normal findings in compensated acute intermittent porphyria (AIP). Results point to the essential role of insulin for the depression of porphyrin precursor overproduction as a mediator of the "glucose effect". PMID- 3897012 TI - Insulin secretion and biosynthesis after oestradiol treatment. PMID- 3897013 TI - Bromocriptine treatment in tall adolescents: two years of clinical experience. AB - 34 adolescents referred for excessive height prediction (HP) (11 boys with HP greater than 196 cm, 23 girls with HP greater than 180 cm) were treated for 9-15 months with bromocriptine (5-7.5 mg/day). Minor and transient side effects were observed in 20% of the subjects at the beginning of the treatment. Treatment had to be stopped in 1 boy complaining of asthenia and headache. Puberty developed normally, 19 girls experienced menarche during treatment and 1 continued regular menses. Bromocriptine treatment induced: (1) a significant decrease (p less than 0.001) in growth velocity from (mean +/- SEM) 8.6 +/- 0.4 to 5.3 +/- 1.5 cm/year in boys and from 7.1 +/- 0.2 to 4.6 +/- 0.6 cm/year in girls; (2) a twofold mean increase in skeletal maturation rate. Adult HP was reduced significantly from 202 +/- 1.4 to 195.4 +/- 1.2 cm in boys, and from 184 +/- 0.7 to 179.8 +/- 0.7 in girls. These results confirm our previous report suggesting that bromocriptine is a valuable alternative to sex steroid treatment in order to limit the final height in excessively tall adolescents. PMID- 3897014 TI - Comparison of growth hormone sleep release and responses to pharmacological tests. AB - The spontaneous release of growth hormone (GH) during nocturnal sleep was studied at age 5-19 years in 44 male and 15 female patients with severe growth retardation (-2.1 to -6.5 SD) among whom 43 were prepubertal and 16 pubertal. Comparison with the results of classical stimulation tests with ornithine, arginine and/or insulin showed good agreement in cases of classical hypopituitarism (n = 14) as in patients who seemed to be endocrinologically normal (n = 27). In 18 patients (31%) there was a discrepancy between sleep release and responses of GH to stimulation test: treatment with hGH was available in only 4 of these children and enhanced sharply their growth rate. It is suggested that a large span of intermediary situations exists between normal GH secretion and complete GH deficiency, deserving a controlled therapeutic trial with hGH. PMID- 3897015 TI - Growth hormone responses to sleep, insulin hypoglycaemia and arginine infusion. AB - This study compares the peak serum growth hormone (GH) concentration during slow wave sleep with the serum GH responses to insulin-induced hypoglycaemia and intravenous arginine infusion in 23 children referred because of short stature (20) or precocious puberty (3). Peak serum GH concentration during sleep correlated significantly with peak GH response to insulin hypoglycaemia (r = 0.64, p less than 0.01) and arginine infusion (r = 0.57, p less than 0.01). 3 children had subnormal (less than 15 mU/l) peak serum GH concentrations during sleep but normal responses to either insulin-induced hypoglycaemia or intravenous arginine infusion. 1 child had a normal peak serum GH response to sleep but subnormal responses to insulin and arginine. Sleep studies of GH secretion may be indicated when the GH responses to pharmacological stimuli are inconsistent with the observed growth pattern. PMID- 3897016 TI - Problems in the use of pulsatile gonadotrophin-releasing hormone for the induction of puberty. AB - The induction of puberty by the administration of subcutaneous 15-micrograms pulses of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) every 90 min during day and night is described in two patients. Too rapid an induction of puberty occurred in one patient while initial progress in the other ceased after the development of pituitary desensitisation. We have attributed these results to the use of GnRH pulses in too high amplitude, and we suggest a more appropriate dose regimen. PMID- 3897017 TI - Sequestered tracer outflow recovery in multiple indicator dilution experiments. AB - The rapid, single injection, multiple indicator dilution technique has been, with suitable modeling of hepatic venous outflow curves, the standard approach for quantitative kinetic assessment of tracer cell entry and intracellular sequestration in the steady state, both in the in situ and the isolated perfused liver. Analysis of the underlying system yields, for a substance sequestered within liver cells, identical theoretical expressions for expected cumulative tracer fractional recovery and the steady-state fractional outflow recovery of the bulk substance whose behavior is being traced. Luxon and Forker (Am. J. Physiol. 1982; 243:G76-G89) pointed out that experimental cumulative tracer fractional recovery must match the value predicted by use of fitted model parameters in the theoretical recovery expression, and that this agreement must be regarded as the hallmark of successful fitting and modeling. Their attempts to demonstrate this agreement, by use of previously published data, were unsuccessful; this led them to question whether previous model analyses were valid. To reexamine the question we, therefore, analyzed three sets of data, on bilirubin, free fatty acid and galactose uptake, including those they had previously analyzed. We found excellent agreement between experimentally determined cumulative tracer recovery and theoretically predicted recovery. The theoretical recovery expression, now validated experimentally, provides a direct way of using fitted parameters for the rapid calculation of outflow recovery, which should prove generally useful in this area of kinetics. Demonstration of the expected agreement, moreover, restores confidence in the self-consistency of procedures used in the past to analyze multiple indicator dilution data. PMID- 3897018 TI - The relation of leukotrienes to liver injury. PMID- 3897019 TI - Metabolism and transport of amphipathic molecules in analbuminemic rats and human subjects. PMID- 3897020 TI - Differential diagnosis of posttraumatic stress and antisocial personality disorders. PMID- 3897021 TI - A congressman's view of Medicare's woes. Interview by Michael Lesparre. PMID- 3897022 TI - Management blamed for VA inefficiency. PMID- 3897023 TI - Outpatient surgery plan gets mixed reviews. PMID- 3897024 TI - Genetic polymorphism of human factor I (C3b inactivator). AB - Genetic polymorphism of human factor I (C3b inactivator) has been described using polyacrylamide gel isoelectric focusing electrophoresis of neuraminidase-treated EDTA plasma samples followed by electrophoretic blotting technique. In 435 individuals three different common patterns were observed, and these were controlled by two common alleles at a single locus. The results of typing family material confirmed autosomal codominant Mendelian inheritance. Two common alleles were designated FI*B and FI*A, and gene frequencies were estimated to be 0.8931 and 0.1069 for FI*B and FI*A, respectively. The distribution of phenotypes fitted the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Linkage studies failed to show close linkage between factor I and the major histocompatibility complex. PMID- 3897025 TI - Immunofixation for C2 typing: C2 allotypes in Spaniards in relation to HLA, Bf and C4. AB - C2 typing is performed by immunofixation with anti-C2 antiserum instead of by a hemolytic overlay. This method gives sharp band definition, is less cumbersome than the hemolytic overlay, gel files are easily made, and it also enables one to describe putative new nonhemolytic variants. C2 allele frequencies were studied in a sample of the normal Spanish population and were found to be similar to other Caucasoids. HLA-Bw62,-Cw3, and -DR4 were significantly associated with C2 B. Concordantly, the only C2*B extended HLA haplotype found in family material was Bw62-Cw3-Bw6-(DR4)-Bf*S-C2*B-C4A*3 B*2-(GLO*1). C4A*4 B*2 and C4A*4 B*4 are not found within the same haplotype together with C2*B and Bw62 or Bw22 respectively, nor do other C2*B haplotypes occur with common HLA-B alleles. These results may favour the hypothesis that the Bw62-C2*B haplotype is produced by one mutation arising in the Bw62-C2*C haplotype and that subsequent crossovers can explain other C2*B haplotypes (including Bw22-C2*B). PMID- 3897026 TI - Dental status in the elderly: a review of the Swedish literature. PMID- 3897028 TI - MICRO-I/D--a new type of identification. PMID- 3897027 TI - Fast envelope detection for thinned display of finely digitized ultrasound scans. PMID- 3897029 TI - Nursing decades. PMID- 3897030 TI - The class of '24. PMID- 3897031 TI - Withering and the foxglove. PMID- 3897032 TI - Effect of seminalplasmin, an antimicrobial protein from bovine semen, on growth and macromolecular synthesis in Candida albicans. PMID- 3897034 TI - [Protein-A plaque test and ELISA: comparison of the two methods for the analysis of B-cell function]. AB - The in vitro analysis of B-cell function has become more important recently. For this purpose, polyclonal B-cell activators (PBAs) and adequate test systems are now available. We compared the protein A plaque assay which is applied to determine the number of immunoglobulin(Ig)-secreting cells and the ELISA (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay) which is employed for the measurement of the amounts of secreted Ig. The number of Ig-secreting cells and the amounts of Ig in the culture supernatants after stimulation of mononuclear cells with PBAs correlated significantly, i.e. a B-cell activation can be detected by both test systems. The variation coefficients of the protein A plaque assay were higher than those of the ELISA. Furthermore, the protein A plaque assay is a very time-consuming method; therefore, an ELISA should be applied for the routine diagnostic of immunodeficiencies. Nevertheless, the protein A plaque assay remains important for the research of immunopathological diseases and for the determination of in vivo activated B-cells (spontaneous plaques) which can increasingly be observed in immunological disorders like AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) or systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 3897033 TI - [Classification, diagnosis and therapy of pneumonia]. AB - The different patterns of pneumonia are classified and show the various manifestations of the disease, indicating the necessary specific diagnostic procedures. Only by description and recognition of the possible pathogenic agents, an adequate therapy can be initiated as described in the last chapter. PMID- 3897035 TI - [Psoriasis and bullous pemphigoid. Presentation of 2 cases]. PMID- 3897036 TI - Localization of the terminal C5b-9 complement complex in the human aortic atherosclerotic wall. AB - The terminal C5b-9 complement complex was investigated in 15 aortic, 2 femoral fibrous plaques and 5 fatty streaks aortic intimae using indirect immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase. All the fibrous plaques presented C5b-9 deposit-like threads in the fibrous cap and masses in the amorphous areas of the plaque. The deposits were frequently associated with other immune-related proteins such as: IgG, IgA, IgM, Clq, C3c and C4 which were simultaneously investigated. Fatty streaks intimae presented no C5b-9 and complement component deposits. Whereas the demonstration of the complement components could merely reflect a non-specific trapping, the presence of assembled C5b-9 in the damaged tissue is more indicative of the involvement of complement activation in the progression of atherosclerotic lesions. PMID- 3897037 TI - Analysis of serum binding to DNA and other ligands in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Using a solid-phase immunoassay (ELISA), serum binding to dsDNA, cardiolipin, beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2m) and Keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH) has been investigated in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Serum binding to DNA, cardiolipin and beta 2m was significantly increased in SLE sera, compared with normal sera; in addition, serum binding to KLH was also significantly increased. There were, however, no significant correlations between serum binding indices to DNA, beta 2m, cardiolipin or KLH; furthermore, in inhibition experiments no clear cross-reactions of lupus sera for these four ligands were detected. These data indicate that SLE sera bind to DNA, as well as to other apparently diverse ligands. Increased serum binding to these ligands may be attributable to a particular characteristic of the immunoglobulin molecules--or groups of immunoglobulin molecules - produced in these patients. PMID- 3897038 TI - Transfer of antibiotic resistance from Escherichia coli of human origin to Salmonella typhimurium in the intestinal tract of suckling rats. PMID- 3897039 TI - In vitro studies on a strain of Plasmodium falciparum isolated from Aligarh, India. PMID- 3897040 TI - Pattern of changes in plasma glucose, insulin & free fatty acids in Indian pregnant women. PMID- 3897041 TI - Viral hepatitis B. Review of recent advances in its knowledge. PMID- 3897042 TI - The role of calcium in genetic hypertension. PMID- 3897043 TI - Insulin and blood pressure in obesity. AB - To assess factors in overweight persons that account for a tendency toward hypertension, 33 very obese women, 26 to 77 years of age, were studied. Blood pressures in these 33 women varied from low normal to mildly hypertensive. None of them had taken medication for high blood pressure, and none had diabetes mellitus. The effect of independent variables--age, body mass index (weight/height2), fasting serum glucose levels, fasting serum insulin levels, and 24-hour urinary sodium excretion--on systolic and diastolic blood pressure was assessed. There was no correlation between sodium excretion and blood pressure. Age did not correlate with diastolic blood pressure but did correlate with systolic blood pressure when body mass index, serum glucose level, and insulin level were controlled. Diastolic blood pressure correlated with body mass index and serum glucose level, but only the latter remained significant when all independent variables were considered together. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressure were found to be significantly related to fasting serum insulin level (r = 0.47, p = 0.005 and r = 0.68, p less than 0.001) even when age, weight, and serum glucose level were controlled (r = 0.41, p = 0.025 and r = 0.62, p less than 0.001 respectively). The relation between serum insulin and blood pressure was more pronounced in those women with a family history of hypertension. These data indicate that insulin may play a major role in the regulation of blood pressure in obesity and that the previously accepted relation of weight to blood pressure may depend on blood levels of insulin. PMID- 3897044 TI - Evidence for a direct effect of alcohol consumption on blood pressure in normotensive men. A randomized controlled trial. AB - A direct pressor effect of alcohol is proposed as the basis for the association between regular alcohol consumption and an increase in blood pressure found in population studies. To examine this further, a randomized controlled crossover trial of the effects of varying alcohol intake on blood pressure in 46 healthy male drinkers was conducted. From an average of 336 ml of ethanol per week, alcohol consumption was reduced by 80% for 6 weeks by drinking a low alcohol content beer alone. This reduction was associated with a significant reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p less than 0.001 and p less than 0.05 respectively). The mean difference in supine systolic blood pressure during the last 2 weeks of normal or low alcohol intake was 3.8 mm Hg, which correlated significantly with change in alcohol consumption (r = 0.53, p less than 0.001). Reduction of alcohol intake also caused a significant decrease in weight (p less than 0.001). After adjustment for weight change, an independent effect of alcohol on systolic but not diastolic blood pressure was still evident, with a 3.1 mm Hg fall predicted for a decrease in consumption from 350 ml of ethanol equivalent per week to 70 ml per week (p less than 0.01). Systolic blood pressure rose again when normal drinking habits were resumed. These results provide clear evidence for a direct and reversible pressor effect of regular moderate alcohol consumption in normotensive men and suggest that alcohol may play a major role in the genesis of early stages of blood pressure elevation. PMID- 3897045 TI - Sodium balance in renal failure. A comparison of patients with normal subjects under extremes of sodium intake. AB - To gain insight into the factors involved in the maintenance of sodium balance in patients with chronic renal failure, we studied 10 patients with a creatinine clearance of 11.5 +/- 4.0 ml/min after equilibrium on 20 and 120 mEq of sodium per day. The measurements included blood pressure, plasma volume, blood volume, extracellular fluid volume, plasma renin activity, plasma aldosterone, and plasma norepinephrine. For comparison, eight normal volunteers were studied after equilibration on 20, 200, and 1128 mEq of sodium per day. The latter intake was chosen to match the high sodium intake per residual renal function in the patients. In the patients, equilibrium after raised sodium intake was accompanied by a marked increase in blood pressure and blood volume, a moderate fall in plasma renin activity and levels of aldosterone and norepinephrine, and only little expansion of the interstitial space. The 24-hour creatinine clearance rose by 21.2 +/- 7.2%. Fractional sodium excretion (X 100%) was 5.3 +/- 0.8% during the 120 mEq sodium diet. In the normal volunteers, increasing the sodium intake from 20 to 1128 mEq/day evoked no consistent change in blood pressure but caused a comparable rise in blood volume, considerable suppression of plasma renin activity, aldosterone, and norepinephrine, and a much larger increase in interstitial volume. Their creatinine clearance had risen by 22.4 +/- 6.5%, and their fractional sodium excretion during the 1128 mEq sodium intake was 3.9 +/- 0.2%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3897046 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of twins with anencephaly with gray scale ultrasound. PMID- 3897047 TI - [Diagnosis of syphilis in the laboratory. Choice of prescription in dental practice]. PMID- 3897048 TI - [Original experimental protocol for the study of tooth-denture interfaces]. PMID- 3897049 TI - [Value of cross-suspended sutures in surgical flaps]. PMID- 3897050 TI - [Modern medical imaging and its perspectives for application in dentistry]. PMID- 3897051 TI - Femoral neck fracture: sliding screw plate versus sliding nail plate--a randomized trial. AB - In a randomized trial 49 patients with fracture of the neck of the femur and an age of less than 70 years or a high level of physical activity were allocated to treatment with a sliding screw plate or a sliding nail plate fixation. The patients were followed for 2-5 years. At follow-up the union rate was found to be 86.2 per cent of the fractures in the screw plate group and 73.7 per cent in the nail plate group (P less than 0.3). Necrosis of the femoral head was encountered in respectively 10 and 21 per cent. Hip replacement was necessary in respectively 23.3 and 31.6 per cent. The nail slid out of the femoral head, resulting in recurrence of the fracture's displacement in three fractures with a sliding nail plate, and in none with a sliding screw plate (P = 0.053). Secondary loss of the femoral neck's angle was more frequently seen in the sliding nail plate group (P less than 0.01). In conclusion, the sliding screw plate gives better fixation of fractures of the neck of the femur and was followed by a lower frequency of reoperation than after an unthreaded device. PMID- 3897052 TI - Induction of protective immunity to Plasmodium falciparum in Saimiri sciureus monkeys with partially purified exoantigens. AB - Soluble Plasmodium falciparum exoantigens in crude culture supernatant fluids induced protective immunity against experimental falciparum malaria in Bolivian Saimiri sciureus monkeys. Susceptible squirrel monkeys were vaccinated with an aluminum hydroxide-fortified fraction purified from culture supernatants of P. falciparum Indochina I and Geneve/SGE-1 by cation-exchange (sulfopropyl trisacryl) chromatography. Animals immunized with sulfopropyl-purified and corresponding control immunogens were challenged with whole blood containing monkey-adapted virulent organisms of the Indochina I strain. Hematological, serological, and parasitological profiles, including the appearance of crisis forms, served as potential indicators of protection. This immunogen conferred significant clinical protection of squirrel monkeys against needle challenge with the homologous Indochina I strain and a moderate degree of heterologous strain immunity. PMID- 3897054 TI - Correlation between adherence to HeLa cells and serogroups, serotypes, and bioserotypes of Escherichia coli. AB - Four hundred fifty Escherichia coli strains of 45 O serogroups and subgroups and 112 serotypes were studied to determine their patterns of adherence to HeLa cells. Adherence was exhibited by strains of 17 O serogroups and subgroups, but within these groups more than one adherence pattern was frequently observed. However, within each serotype, the adherence pattern was highly consistent. Localized adherence (LA) was observed much more frequently in serotypes that we considered to be enteropathogenic E. coli serotypes (93%) than in other serotypes (14%), whereas diffuse adherence (DA) occurred predominantly among nonenteropathogenic E. coli strains. Determination of biochemical characteristics showed that within O serogroups, nonmotile strains tended to have the same behavior as motile strains with the LA adherence pattern, suggesting that they were derived from these motile strains. LA and non-LA strains of the same serotype differed biochemically. LA appears to be a property of most E. coli commonly considered to be enteropathogenic and should assist attempts to determine which E. coli are enteropathogenic and to elucidate their pathogenic mechanisms. PMID- 3897053 TI - Host response to infection with a temperature-sensitive mutant of Salmonella typhimurium in a susceptible and a resistant strain of mice. AB - The inoculation of a temperature-sensitive mutant of Salmonella typhimurium induced a long-lasting infection in susceptible (C57BL/6) and resistant (A/J) mice. During week 1 of infection, the number of bacteria in the spleens was similar in both mouse strains. Then, the decrease of bacteria was more rapid in the resistant strain. Splenomegaly and granulomatous hepatitis were more severe in the susceptible strain. The immune response induced by this infection was studied. In both mouse strains delayed-type hypersensitivity to Salmonella antigens was present, and resistance to reinfection with a virulent strain of S. typhimurium or with Listeria monocytogenes appeared with the same kinetics. Thus, it does not seem that the gene(s) controlling natural resistance to S. typhimurium act(s) on acquired immunity. PMID- 3897055 TI - Potentiation by sulfide of hydrogen peroxide-induced killing of Escherichia coli. AB - L-Cysteine potentiates 100-fold the hydrogen peroxide-induced killing of a growing culture of Escherichia coli K-12 (Berglin et al., J. Bacteriol. 152:81 88). In the present study it is shown that hydrogen sulfide is formed from L cysteine and that sodium sulfide could substitute for L-cysteine in the potentiation of hydrogen peroxide-induced killing of E. coli K-12. Addition of an amino acid, L-leucine, L-valine, or L-alanine, to an L-cysteine-containing medium with a growing culture of E. coli K-12 inhibited hydrogen sulfide formation and the potentiation of hydrogen peroxide-induced killing. These amino acids did not inhibit hydrogen sulfide formation from L-cysteine by a cell extract, and they did not inhibit the potentiation by sulfide of hydrogen peroxide-induced killing. This indicated that the amino acids protected the culture from L-cysteine potentiated, hydrogen peroxide-induced killing by inhibiting the transport of L cysteine into the cell. The potentiation by sodium sulfide of hydrogen peroxide induced killing was abolished by the metal ion chelator 2,2'-bipyridyl. This indicated that metal ions, in addition to sulfide, were involved in the killing. Toxic effects of hydrogen peroxide are often presumed to be mediated by hydroxyl radicals formed in iron-catalyzed reactions. It was demonstrated that iron sulfide was more efficient than ferrous iron in catalyzing the formation of hydroxyl radicals from hydrogen peroxide. It was suggested that hydrogen sulfide formed in polymicrobial infections may play an important role in the host defense by potentiating the antimicrobial effect of hydrogen peroxide produced by phagocytic cells. PMID- 3897056 TI - Opsonized streptococcal cell walls cross-link human leukocytes and erythrocytes by complement receptors. AB - Serum-opsonized group A streptococcal cell walls, consisting of peptidoglycan polysaccharide polymers (PG-APS), induced monolayers of human neutrophils, monocytes, and eosinophils to aggregate. When erythrocytes were present in the incubation medium, they also were associated with the leukocyte aggregates. By immunofluorescence staining, PG-APS was localized at the site of cell-to-cell contact. By scanning electron microscopy the cells appeared to adhere to one another by surface contact; filopodia often acted as connectors, particularly in leukocyte-erythrocyte interaction. Cellular binding of PG-APS and aggregation were dependent upon C3 fixation. No aggregation was observed when heat inactivated serum was used as an opsonin. In contrast to peptidoglycan, an activator of the alternative complement pathway, the group-specific polysaccharide moiety of PG-APS induced no cellular aggregation. Rosette formation was observed in suspensions when neutrophils were incubated with erythrocytes coated with C3b-opsonized PG-APS. Cell monolayers bound serum opsonized PG-APS, but aggregation was observed only when serum was present in the incubation medium. Similar results were obtained with C5-deficient serum. No aggregation was observed with heat-inactivated serum or bovine serum albumin. A heat-labile serum component(s) appears to be required to elicit leukocyte aggregation. It is suggested that C3 fixed to PG-APS acts as a bridge to link cells together in clusters as a result of common recognition of C3 by leukocyte and erythrocyte complement receptors. PMID- 3897057 TI - Killed Escherichia coli stimulates macrophage-mediated alterations in hepatocellular function during in vitro coculture: a mechanism of altered liver function in sepsis. AB - Hepatic dysfunction is a poorly understood and highly lethal component of multiple-system organ failure. Both in vivo and in vitro studies of "liver" function have generally neglected hepatocyte-Kupffer cell interactions. In the following experiments, isolated hepatocytes were cocultivated with unstimulated peritoneal cells, predominately macrophages, which served as a readily available Kupffer cell analog. Coculture of hepatocytes with peritoneal cells resulted in little or no change in [3H]leucine incorporation into hepatocyte protein. When gentamicin-killed Escherichia coli cells (GKEC) were added to coculture, there was a marked decrease in hepatocyte [3H]leucine incorporation. In contrast, GKEC added to hepatocytes alone had no effect. Kinetic data revealed an 8-h delay before any significant decrease in leucine incorporation into hepatocyte protein after the addition of GKEC to the coculture. The maximal decrease in hepatocyte [3H]leucine incorporation occurred 24 h after GKEC were added. The decrease observed 24 h after GKEC were added disappeared almost completely after 48 h of coculture. Similar alterations in cocultured hepatocyte protein synthesis were observed after the addition of phorbol myristate acetate, lipopolysaccharide, or muramyl dipeptide, a component of bacterial peptidoglycan. Hepatocyte viability by trypan blue exclusion was unchanged, and gross morphology by light or electron microscopy was unaffected. We propose that during sepsis, macrophages (Kupffer cells) respond to circulating microbial products and mediate alterations in hepatocyte function. These experiments underscore the important role of Kupffer cell function in attempts to understand hepatic malfunction in multiple-system organ failure. PMID- 3897058 TI - Genetic evidence for role of extracellular proteinase in virulence of Candida albicans. AB - The relationship between extracellular proteinase and the virulence for mice in Candida albicans was studied by using a set of three isolates. The set included a proteinase-producing parent (C9), a proteinase-deficient mutant derived from C9 by nitrous acid treatment (C9M1), and a spontaneous revertant (C9M1M) obtained by mouse passage of C9M1. The morphological markers and the carbon assimilation pattern were identical in these isolates. Isolate C9 produced a high level of proteinase in vitro and caused fatal infection (100%) within 21 days. The mutant produced no detectable enzymes in vitro, and all mice survived until day 22. Only 30% of the mice infected with C9M1 died between day 23 and 30. The isolates recovered from the dead mice were found to be proteinase sufficient, indicating that the mice died after the organism in tissue had reverted. The C9M1M isolate produced proteinase in vitro at 44% the level of C9 and induced fatal infection in 90% of the mice within 30 days. The number of CFU recovered from the kidneys correlated with the level of proteinase produced in vitro and, in turn, the rate of fatal infection produced by the isolates. These results support a previous observation indicating that proteinase activity is one of the virulence factors associated with C. albicans. PMID- 3897059 TI - Enzymatic release of germ tube-specific antigens from cell walls of Candida albicans. AB - The differences between blastospores and germ tubes of Candida albicans, as previously shown by immunofluorescence, were further studied by comparing digests of cell walls of both growth forms. Organisms were surface labeled with 125I, and cell walls were digested enzymatically. When Zymolase digests were treated with polyclonal, polyspecific antiserum to C. albicans 441B, which stains only germ tubes in immunofluorescence assays, components of molecular weights 200,000 and 155,000 were immunoprecipitated from digests of germ tubes of strain B311, but nothing was recovered from blastospores. Whereas the 200,000-molecular-weight component was found in the three strains tested, the 155,000-molecular-weight component was found only in strain B311. When Zymolase digests were treated with unadsorbed antiserum, which stains both blastospores and germ tubes in immunofluorescence assays, an additional component was precipitated from digests of both growth forms with a molecular weight greater than the 200,000-molecular weight marker. All three antigens were mannoproteins, as was shown by their abilities to bind concanavalin A and to be labeled by 125I. Also, all antigens were located on the cell surface, as was shown by the following criteria: adsorption of antisera with live organisms removed antibody to these components, and antibody eluted from surfaces of whole organisms precipitated all components. Components common to both growth forms, as well as germ tube-specific components, were detected in trypsin and chymotrypsin digests, but their molecular weights differed from those of Zymolase digests. Thus, germ tube-specific surface determinants as well as determinants common to both growth forms were detected on enzymatically released cell wall components. PMID- 3897060 TI - Bactericidal and opsonizing effects of normal serum on mutant strains of Salmonella typhimurium. AB - The bactericidal and opsonizing effects of normal human serum on six strains of Salmonella typhimurium LT-2 having different lipopolysaccharide (LPS) composition were demonstrated through five indices. Complement activity in the presence of antibody was important for the opsonization of all six strains and for the bactericidal effect on rough mutants. Complement activity, either in the presence or absence of antibody, was involved in the ingestion strains of SL 901 (SR) and SL 1032 (Rd1) by human neutrophils. Strain SH 5014 (Rb2) was avidly ingested by neutrophils and totally dependent on complement activity in the presence of antibody. The ingestion of strain SH 2201 (S) was also mediated exclusively by complement activity in the presence of antibody but not as efficiently as were rough mutants. Antibody, as demonstrated by quantitative fluorescence, enhanced the complement activity on the ingestion of the S, SR, and Rb2 strains by neutrophils. The intracellular killing of six strains was enhanced significantly by complement activity in the presence of antibody. The overall survival in the presence of serum and neutrophils decreased as the LPS became shorter. Complement activity in the presence of antibody enhanced extracellular killing only for strains SL 901 (SR) and his 515 (Ra). It was shown that there was no difference between SR and Ra strains in all five indices, suggesting that the one additional O-antigen side chain does not make the SR strain more resistant than the Ra strain. Although resistance by S. typhimurium to host defense mechanisms increases as the LPS chain length increases, the specific LPS structure appears to be of greater importance, especially with respect to opsonization. PMID- 3897062 TI - Plasmid-mediated susceptibility to intestinal microbial antagonisms in Escherichia coli. AB - Self-transferable plasmid pIP1100 confers to Escherichia coli an unusually high level of resistance (1 to 2 mg/ml) to erythromycin by production of an erythromycin esterase. The effect of pIP1100 on the destiny of E. coli strains in the intestines of gnotobiotic mice was studied. In germfree mice, pIP1100 was efficiently transferred to a plasmid-free E. coli recipient. Intestinal counts of the donor, the recipient, and the transconjugants were greater than 8.5 log CFU/g of feces. When erythromycin was added to the diet of the mice, counts of the plasmid-bearing strains were only slightly lowered and partial inactivation of erythromycin was observed in the feces. Transfer of pIP1100 also occurred in human-flora-associated mice. In this model all the E. coli strains were subject to microbial antagonisms caused by the anaerobic components of the flora. However, strains harboring pIP1100 were strongly inhibited (less than 2.5 log CFU/g of feces), whereas their plasmid-free counterparts persisted at much higher population levels (greater than 5.2 log CFU/g of feces). The ecological disadvantage conferred by pIP1100 to E. coli when a complex human flora was concomitantly present in the intestine of the mice persisted during erythromycin administration. These results provide an explanation for the low incidence of isolation of highly erythromycin-resistant E. coli strains despite the extensive use of the antibiotic. PMID- 3897063 TI - Role of caseinase from Aeromonas salmonicida in activation of hemolysin. AB - Mutants of the bacterial fish pathogen Aeromonas salmonicida selected for inability to digest casein concomitantly lost hemolytic activity against horse erythrocytes under certain conditions. Mixtures of wild-type with mutant culture supernatants indicated that mutants produce an inactive precursor of a hemolysin which was activated by autogenous caseinase and, with less efficiency, by other serine proteases. Selective inhibition or repression of caseinase production in the wild-type strain also resulted in the production of an inactive precursor of a hemolysin. The precursor of hemolysin was also activated by a serum factor which appeared to exert its maximum effect at the bacterial surface or after entry into the bacterial cell. These results could affect the interpretation of studies evaluating the role of individual extracellular products in the pathogenesis of A. salmonicida infections. PMID- 3897061 TI - Ecology of Candida albicans gut colonization: inhibition of Candida adhesion, colonization, and dissemination from the gastrointestinal tract by bacterial antagonism. AB - Antibiotic-treated and untreated Syrian hamsters were inoculated intragastrically with Candida albicans to determine whether C. albicans could opportunistically colonize the gastrointestinal tract and disseminate to visceral organs. Antibiotic treatment decreased the total population levels of the indigenous bacterial flora and predisposed hamsters to gastrointestinal overgrowth and subsequent systemic dissemination by C. albicans in 86% of the animals. Both control hamsters not given antibiotics and antibiotic-treated animals reconventionalized with an indigenous microflora showed significantly lower gut populations of C. albicans, and C. albicans organisms were cultured from the visceral organs of 0 and 10% of the animals, respectively. Conversely, non antibiotic-treated hamsters inoculated repeatedly with C. albicans had high numbers of C. albicans in the gut, and viable C. albicans was recovered from the visceral organs of 53% of the animals. Examination of the mucosal surfaces from test and control animals indicated further that animals which contained a complex indigenous microflora had significantly lower numbers of C. albicans associated with their gut walls than did antibiotic-treated animals. The ability of C. albicans to associate with intestinal mucosal surfaces also was tested by an in vitro adhesion assay. The results indicate that the indigenous microflora reduced the mucosal association of C. albicans by forming a dense layer of bacteria in the mucus gel, out-competing yeast cells for adhesion sites, and producing inhibitor substances (possibly volatile fatty acids, secondary bile acids, or both) that reduced C. albicans adhesion. It is suggested, therefore, that the indigenous intestinal microflora suppresses C. albicans colonization and dissemination from the gut by inhibiting Candida-mucosal association and reducing C. albicans population levels in the gut. PMID- 3897064 TI - An in vitro ultrastructural study of infectious kidney stone genesis. AB - A ureolytic strain of Proteus mirabilis, isolated from a patient with infectious kidney stones, produced struvite (MgNH4PO4 X 6 H2O) and apatite [Ca10(PO4)6CO3] crystals in vitro when grown in artificial urine. Surface-attached crystals were encased in a slime-like layer. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that surfaces submerged in the artificial urine were colonized by P. mirabilis. Bacteria-associated crystals appeared soon after colonization and eventually became coated with an amorphous substance. Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis of these crystals revealed the presence of Mg, Ca, and P which are major components of struvite and apatite. Transmission electron microscopy of surface scrapings revealed that the glycocalyx of P. mirabilis contained a large number of crystals. Based on these observations and previous work, a theory for infectious renal calculogenesis is proposed. The kidney is initially colonized by invading ureolytic pathogens. These pathogens secrete copious amounts of glycocalyx which facilitates adhesion of the organisms to the kidney, provides protection for these bacteria, and serves to bind struvite and apatite crystals that result from bacterial urease activity. Growth of these calcified microcolonies into mature stones is characterized by continued bacterial growth, incorporation of urinary mucoproteins into the matrix along with bacterial glycocalyx, and a continued deposition of struvite and apatite crystals due to the high pH. The mature stone, in effect, represents an enlarged "fossilized" bacterial microcolony. PMID- 3897065 TI - Putative Treponema pallidum cytadhesins share a common functional domain. AB - Three putative Treponema pallidum ligands (P1, P2, and P3) that bind host fibronectin were characterized by peptide mapping. Papain digestion of each protein yielded a comigrating peptide of approximately 12,000 molecular weight. An antibody to this protein fragment inhibited T. pallidum host cytadherence, indicating that this peptide may be the functional domain of these treponemal adhesins. PMID- 3897066 TI - Measurement of streptococcal cell wall in tissues of rats resistant or susceptible to cell wall-induced chronic erosive arthritis. AB - The quantity of streptococcal cell wall localized in the joints of rats of strains which are either susceptible (Sprague-Dawley, LEW/N, M520/N) or resistant (Buffalo, WKY/N, F344/N) to cell wall-induced chronic erosive arthritis was measured after intraperitoneal injection of group A streptococcal cell wall fragments. Susceptibility or resistance was not associated with a difference in the amount of cell wall localized in limbs or other tissues. It is concluded that although localization of cell wall in joint tissue is essential for development of arthritis, the relative resistance of certain rat strains reflects genetic regulation of inflammatory response rather than a quantitative difference in localization of cell wall in joints. PMID- 3897067 TI - Antigen-reactivity pattern of T-cell hybridomas from Mycobacterium bovis BCG infected mice. AB - Lymph node cells from mice infected with live Mycobacterium bovis BCG were fused with BW5147 cells after short-term culturing in vitro. Both mycobacterium- and self-reactive T-cell hybridomas were identified. Some T-cell hybridoma clones displayed dual reactivity to self and to self plus mycobacterial antigen but did so to a different degree, indicating that infection with mycobacteria stimulates autoreactive immune responses. PMID- 3897068 TI - Attempted treatment of fulminant viral hepatitis with human fibroblast interferon. AB - Beta-interferon was administered by intravenous infusion to 16 patients affected with fulminant hepatitis B virus infection in third or fourth-grade coma. Ten patients presented a superinfection or a co-infection due to the delta (delta) agent. None had detectable interferon (IFN) activity before therapy was begun. Besides fever, no significant side-effects were observed during treatment. Both the IFN-treated group as well as the "historical" control group, made up of 70 cases of fulminant virus hepatitis, not treated with IFN and observed during a previous ten year-period, received supportive therapy; survival rates were similar in both groups. Furthermore, the presence or absence of the delta-agent did not appear to affect survival rates significantly. PMID- 3897069 TI - Antiserum against Escherichia coli J5: a re-evaluation of its in vitro and in vivo activity against heterologous gram-negative bacteria. AB - Antiserum against Escherichia coli J5, a "rough" mutant of E. coli 0111, has been reported to confer broad-spectrum protection against serologically unrelated gram negative bacteria. In order to re-evaluate these findings, we examined the influence of rabbit antiserum against E. coli J5 on the phagocytosis of heterologous gram-negative bacteria by rabbit granulocytes in vitro and its ability to protect mice against gram-negative bacterial infection. In vitro, J5 antiserum enhanced the phagocytosis of E. coli 0111, E. coli 06 and Serratia marcescens 06/014:H2 when compared to normal rabbit serum. However, J5 antiserum did not enhance the phagocytosis of Klebsiella pneumoniae type 2 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa serotype 9. In vivo, the protective effect of J5 antiserum against lethal gram-negative infection was not superior to that of normal (pre-immune) serum with the exception of E. coli 0111 septicemia. In contrast, type-specific antiserum against each of the smooth gram-negative bacteria markedly enhanced phagocytosis in vitro and exerted significant protection in vivo. Thus, in this study antiserum against E. coli J5 proved to be of limited value for opsonization of gram-negative bacteria and protection against gram-negative bacterial infection. PMID- 3897071 TI - Working ability and exercise tolerance during treatment of mild hypertension. II. A comparison between atenolol and prazosin medication. AB - The treatments of mild hypertension with atenolol and prazosin in occupationally active men and women were compared in a double blind cross-over with placebo. The hypotensive effect of the beta-adreno-receptor blocking drug, atenolol, were striking and in accordance with current knowledge, using one daily dose of 100 mg. In contrast, the hypotensive effect of taking 2 mg prazosin twice a day was modest, averaging about 3% when compared with placebo, somewhat less but still detectable during the performance of muscular exercises. Atenolol medication significantly reduced heart rate and blood pressure responses to muscular exercises, covering a range of work loads experienced during ordinary working days. No increased feeling of muscular fatigue or other discomfort during muscular work compared to that on prazosin and placebo medication could be detected. It was therefore concluded that atenolol medication was a useful treatment of mild hypertension and did not reduce the normal working ability and exercise tolerance. Prazosin medication did not significantly change working ability and exercise tolerance. PMID- 3897072 TI - An assessment in vitro of the sealing properties of Calciobiotic Root Canal Sealer. PMID- 3897073 TI - Uptake of intravenously administered soluble immune complexes by type I alveolar cells and macrophages in mice. AB - Mice (C57BL/6, n = 5) were given a single intravenous injection of soluble bovine serum albumin (BSA)-rabbit anti-BSA immune-complexes (IC) prepared at five-fold antigen excess. The mice were sacrificed 15 and 30 min, and 1, 2, 4 and 12 h after injection. Granular immunofluorescence for BSA and rabbit IgG, in a pattern consistent with IC aggregation, was observed in the alveolar walls and in the cytoplasm of alveolar cells. Moderate immunofluorescence was observed 15 min after IC injection and maximal immunofluorescence was observed at 30-60 min which decreased rapidly 2 h after IC administration. Only a trace amount of immunofluorescence was observed at 4 h and none was seen at 12 h. Light microscopic immunoperoxidase staining showed localization of IC in the interstitium of the alveolar septa and in type I alveolar cells and alveolar macrophages. By immunoelectronmicroscopy, the uptake of IC in the cytoplasm of type I alveolar cells and alveolar macrophages was confirmed. PMID- 3897070 TI - Occupational liver injury. Present state of knowledge and future perspective. AB - Epidemiological studies have mapped the occurrence of hepatitis B among health personnel with the use of specific serologic markers and thereby made rational preventive precautions possible. Follow-up studies have demonstrated the effect of this prevention, and the newly developed hepatitis B vaccine has further improved the possibilities for effective prophylaxis against occupational hepatitis B. On the other hand, there is the chemically induced occupational liver damage. Only a few of the thousands of industrially used chemicals have been sufficiently investigated for hepatotoxicity and the list of suspected and confirmed hepatotoxic agents is still growing. The worrisome example of vinylchloride-induced serious liver disease among PVC-workers, revealed after 42 years of industrial use by alert clinicians, calls for intensified activities in the field of occupational hepatotoxicity. However, the clinical, biochemical, and morphological features of liver disease are often vague and unspecific. A non invasive, convenient quantitative liver function test is needed. Circumstantial evidence and a few epidemiological studies suggest that part of the so-called cryptogenic liver diseases, such as liver cirrhosis, may be caused by occupational exposure to chemicals. This should be further studies. Animal experiments have shown that one chemical agent may potentiate the hepatotoxic effect of another chemical agent. This should be the subject of investigations in the work environment, where exposure to various chemicals is the rule rather than the exception. Alcohol consumption may also interfere with the hepatotoxicity of occupationally used chemicals. PMID- 3897074 TI - The influence of whole-body exposure to low doses of x-rays on the peripheral reticulocyte count. PMID- 3897075 TI - Urinary prostaglandin E2 excretion after the resumption of renal function post renal transplantation. AB - Previous studies have demonstrated that the renal prostaglandin system participates in the recovery from ischemic events, in diuresis and in natriuresis. This study was undertaken to probe renal prostaglandin E2 synthesis during the first and second weeks after renal transplantation. Urinary prostaglandin E2 excretion was greatly elevated immediately after transplantation, compared to the second week, and differences in urine PGE2 concentration were also significant. This suggests that enhanced prostaglandin synthesis accompanies the resumption of renal function after transplantation. PMID- 3897076 TI - The efficacy of direct versus indirect hypnotic induction techniques on reduction of experimental pain. PMID- 3897077 TI - Clinical evaluation of ceftazidime in high risk patients. AB - Ceftazidime was used in 19 patients at high risk owing to severe impairment of natural defense systems. The therapeutic efficacy and adverse reactions produced by cephalosporin, as evaluated on the basis of the results of clinical investigations and laboratory tests, were regarded as positive. PMID- 3897078 TI - A cross-national perspective on the evolution of alcohol prohibition. AB - Despite alcohol being the earliest and most widely known of mood-altering substances, there have always been attempts to restrict and control its use. National prohibition of alcohol represents the most ambitious attempt to provide a legal framework for such restrictions. The present paper, following a comparative-historical approach, looks at the course of alcohol prohibition policies in two countries with differing ethnic backgrounds, religious orientations, and stages of economic development: the United States and India. Tracing the historical forces which shaped the prohibition policies in both the countries and their apparent lack of success, the paper identifies some common elements. Among the more important, though with situational variations, are the high degree of moralistic and patriotic fervor associated with prohibition efforts, the projection of guilts and fears of the proponents onto alcohol use, and aspects of culture conflict and opposing group interests. Dysfunctions introduced into the control system by socioeconomic changes resulted in prohibition being either abandoned or altered substantially in both countries. PMID- 3897079 TI - Historical remarks on the development of the aerobic-anaerobic threshold up to 1966. AB - During the years 1957 to 1963, we introduced the concept of the onset of anaerobic metabolism to measure cardiopulmonary and peripheral aerobic performance capacity. On the basis of bicycle and crank ergometer work with load increments of 3 min duration, we described a point at which the pulmonary ventilation (VE) increases at a greater rate than O2 uptake (VO2). Because the changes of the arterial blood lactate (Laa) and VE coincide we defined this point as the "point of the optimal ventilatory efficiency," identical with the "O2 endurance performance limit," later called "anaerobic threshold" by Wasserman et al. PMID- 3897080 TI - Diet and weight loss: their effect on norepinephrine renin and aldosterone levels. AB - The effect of low calorie diet on blood pressure, catecholamines, plasma renin activity (PRA) and aldosterone was examined in 22 obese subjects (19 hypertensives and 3 borderline hypertensives). A significant decrease in blood pressure (P less than 0.05) was observed in all patients after 10 days on the diet. Twenty subjects showed a significant decrease in norepinephrine (NE) levels (P less than 0.05) and two patients showed an extreme increase in NE level. On reexamination six months later these two patients presented with high NE levels and predict blood pressure levels despite having lost 15 and 18 kg respectively. The study group showed a significant decrease in mean PRA (P less than 0.05). A correlation was observed between changes in NE levels and PRA (r = 0.42, P less than 0.05) and between changes in PRA and aldosterone (r = 0.54, P less than 0.05). The reduction in blood pressure associated with caloric restriction in these obese patients may be a result of reduced sympathetic nervous system activity. PMID- 3897081 TI - Gastric inhibitory polypeptide and hyperinsulinemia in the Zucker (fa/fa) rat: a developmental study. AB - The role of the gut hormone GIP (gastric inhibitory polypeptide; glucose dependent insulinotropic polypeptide) in the development of hyperinsulinemia of pre-obese (fa/fa) Zucker rats was investigated. Plasma GIP levels were compared in lean and fa/fa pups from 21 to 35 days of age. The onset of both basal and glucose-stimulated hyperinsulinemia was studied. Possible causal roles for glucose, GIP and acetylcholine in hyperinsulinemia were investigated in the isolated perfused pancreas preparation. Immunocytochemical studies of pancreatic islets were also carried out. Glucose-stimulated hyperinsulinemia was present in fa/fa rats at 21 days of age but fasting hyperinsulinemia did not become apparent until 35 days of age. At no time did plasma GIP levels differ between lean and fa/fa rats. Immunocytochemical analysis of the pancreas revealed enlarged islets in fa/fa rats from 7 days of age onward. In the in vitro perfused pancreas of 21 day old fa/fa pups the insulin response was not different from that of lean controls in the presence of glucose (300 mg/dl) plus GIP or acetylcholine. An increased pancreatic insulin response to glucose (300 mg/dl or 80 mg/dl) plus GIP in fa/fa compared to lean animals was observed at 35 days of age. These data suggest that defects in the beta-cell response to GIP become apparent at 35 days of age in fa/fa rats resulting in a loss of the glucose threshold for the insulinotropic action of GIP and onset of fasting hyperinsulinemia in vivo. Causal factors for glucose-stimulated hyperinsulinemia at 21 days of age appear to be complex and not easily replicated in in vitro experiments. PMID- 3897082 TI - A controlled trial using ephedrine in the treatment of obesity. AB - A double-blind controlled study was performed in unselected obese outpatients to assess the effects of ephedrine on weight loss. Patients were treated for 3 months with placebo (group I), 25 mg t.i.d. or 50 mg t.i.d. of ephedrine hydrochloride orally administered (groups II and III, respectively). Dietary treatment consisted of 1000 kcal/day for females and 1200 kcal/day for males. The three groups were matched for age, sex, body mass index and pre-treatment spontaneous caloric intake. Weight loss was similar in all groups. Patients in group III (ephedrine 150 mg/day) showed significantly more side effects than the placebo group. These results do not seem to favour the hypothesis that ephedrine, a thermogenic agent, may be effective in the therapy of unselected simple obesity. On the other hand, it cannot be excluded that the drug may be useful in obese patients in whom defective thermogenesis may be clearly demonstrated. PMID- 3897083 TI - Echinococcus multilocularis: responses to infection in cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus). PMID- 3897084 TI - Mitogenic and antigenic activity of Plasmodium falciparum in primate and rodent lymphocytes. PMID- 3897085 TI - Vasopressin analogs with high and specific antidiuretic activity. AB - A systematic approach to structure-activity studies is described. Its application to the vasopressin field made possible the preparation of vasopressin analogs with very high and very specific antidiuretic activity, analogs with increased pressor specificity, and analogs with high agonistic-antagonistic properties. PMID- 3897086 TI - List of addresses of the Jules Gonin Club's members. PMID- 3897087 TI - Diffuse mesangial sclerosis--light, immunofluorescent and electronmicroscopy findings. AB - A 22-month-old child with familial infantile nephrotic syndrome due to diffuse mesangial sclerosis is presented. The case history of this patient is exceptional because of evidence of an immunologic pathogenesis of the renal disease, documented by characteristic immunofluorescent and electron-microscopy findings. PMID- 3897088 TI - Evolution of membranous nephropathy from a proliferative and exudative glomerulonephritis--a report of three cases studied by serial biopsies. AB - Three adolescents with clinical nephrotic-nephritic picture were noted to have diffuse proliferative and exudative glomerulonephritis. Although focal membranous changes were noted in two of the initial biopsies, evolution into classical membranous glomerulopathy was seen in subsequent biopsies. This study suggests a relationship between these two different patterns of immune complex-associated glomerular injury, and confirms extrapolations made from experimental models of chronic serum sickness. PMID- 3897089 TI - Local renal graft irradiation in children. AB - Between 1974-1979, 64 renal cadaveric transplants were performed in 54 pediatric recipients at our institution. Forty eight of these 64 transplants experienced at least one episode of acute rejection. These patients were divided in two equal groups including 24 transplants in 21 recipients, one group treated with chemical immunosuppression alone, the other group treated by chemical immunosuppression and radiotherapy. Kidney survival at 2 years was 54.1% (13/24) in the control group treated by chemical immunosuppression alone. In the group treated by radiotherapy and immunosuppression, kidney survival after 2 years gave a success rate of 45.8% (11/24). Thus, it would appear that addition of radiotherapy to standard immunosuppressive treatment exerted no beneficial long term effect in acutely rejected renal transplants. In view of the disappointing results obtained with radiotherapy, it is felt that this mode of treatment should be restricted to use in particular circumstances as a temporary means of immunosuppression where systemic immunosuppression is hazardous. PMID- 3897090 TI - Sonographic evaluation of children with urinary retention caused by an extragonadal pelvic mass. AB - Urinary retention in children is rarely caused by an extrinsic compression of an extragonadal pelvic mass. The sonographic appearance of these masses are divided into 3 categories: 1) solid, 2) fluid-filled, and 3) mixed. Familiarity with the sonographic spectrum of these lesions can limit the differential diagnosis, will suggest specific follow-up procedures needed for an accurate diagnosis and will eliminate the need for unnecessary invasive workups. PMID- 3897091 TI - Chronic nephropathy in idiopathic multicentric osteolysis. AB - A 19-year-old girl having a sporadic form of idiopathic multicentric osteolysis with nephropathy is described. She was first diagnosed as having sporadic carpotarsal osteolysis at the age of 6. Her proteinuria was first detected at 15 years of age and renal biopsy specimens obtained at the same age were compatible with those of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis with interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy. Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed negative deposits of Ig G, Ig A and C3 but a trace amount of mesangial Ig M in unsclerosed segments of the glomeruli. Electronmicroscopy showed no specific changes. Renal vascular changes such as proliferation of vascular intima and medial hypertrophy were not demonstrated in the present case. It is our conclusion that focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is part of the spectrum of nephropathy in the sporadic form of idiopathic multicentric osteolysis. PMID- 3897092 TI - Radiation and platinum drug interaction. AB - Platinum drugs have chemical as well as biochemical and biological effects on cells, all of which may interact with radiation effects. They inhibit recovery from sublethal and potentially lethal radiation damage. They produce a pattern of chromosome aberrations analogous to that from alkylating agents. Cellular sensitivity to platinum is increased when glutathione levels are reduced, just as is radiosensitivity. There is a pattern of drug sensitivity throughout the phases of the cell cycle which is different from that for radiosensitivity. The ideal platinum drug-radiation interaction would achieve radiosensitization of hypoxic tumour cells with the use of a dose of drug which is completely non-toxic to normal tissues. Electron-affinic agents are employed with this aim, but the commoner platinum drugs are only weakly electron-affinic. They do have a quasi alkylating action however, and this DNA targeting may account for the radiosensitizing effect which occurs with both pre- and post-radiation treatments. Because toxic drug dosage is usually required for this, the evidence of the biological responses to the drug and to the radiation, as well as to the combination, requires critical analysis before any claim of true enhancement, rather than simple additivity, can be accepted. The amount of enhancement will vary with both the platinum drug dose and the time interval between drug administration and radiation. Clinical schedules may produce an increase in tumour response and/or morbidity, depending upon such dose and time relationships. PMID- 3897093 TI - Time-lapse microscopy of Chinese hamster cells under conditions of PLD repair and non-PLD repair after irradiation. AB - Time-lapse microscopy revealed that the proportion of non-dividing cells after irradiation was the same under both conditions of PLD repair and non-PLD repair, suggesting that PLD is repaired in an error-free and -prone manner, respectively, or that PLD repair operates only on that mode of cell death which involves post irradiation mitosis. PMID- 3897094 TI - Interactions of drugs and radiation in haemopoietic tissue assessed by lethality of mice after whole-body irradiation. AB - Drug-radiation interactions in haemopoietic tissue were assessed as the lethality of mice within 7-28 days after whole-body irradiation. The investigated drugs were adriamycin (ADM), bleomycin (BLM), cyclophosphamide (CTX), 5-fluorouracil (5 FU), methotrexate (MTX), mitomycin C (MM-C) and cis-diamminedichloroplatinum II (cis-DDP). The drugs were administered as single doses 15 min before graded doses of whole-body irradiation or at different intervals from 7 days before to 7 days after fixed radiation doses. ADM, CTX, 5-FU, MM-C and cis-DDP enhanced the radiation response when administered 15 min before irradiation. The dose effect factor (DEF) was 9.11 for 5-FU and in the range 1.25-1.59 for the other drugs. MTX administration 15 min before irradiation had no effect (DEF 1.00). However, MTX increased lethality if given 1-3 days after irradiation (DEF 1.21-1.76) and protected against lethality if given 1-3 days before irradiation (DEF 0.83). A similar time dependence was observed for ADM, CTX, 5-FU, MM-C and cis-DDP. Protection against lethality was not observed but in all these cases the lethality was significantly lower at administration 1-3 days before than 1-3 days after irradiation. A proper investigation of the effect of BLM was not possible as the combination of this drug and whole-body irradiation caused a high rate of gastrointestinal deaths. PMID- 3897095 TI - [The pneumonias]. PMID- 3897096 TI - [Bacterial pneumonias]. PMID- 3897097 TI - [Pneumonias caused by legionellas. Pathogenesis, epidemiology and clinical course]. PMID- 3897098 TI - [Fungal pneumonia]. PMID- 3897100 TI - [Invasive diagnosis of pneumonias]. PMID- 3897099 TI - [Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia]. PMID- 3897101 TI - [Reactivation of tuberculosis in leukemias and malignant lymphomas under immunosuppressive therapy]. PMID- 3897102 TI - [A 23-year-old female patient with precordial chest pain]. PMID- 3897103 TI - [Reversible acute kidney failure in Wegener's granulomatosis]. PMID- 3897104 TI - [A female patient with cardiac insufficiency, hypertension, systolic heart and paraumbilical murmurs]. PMID- 3897106 TI - [Analytic and diagnostic value of glycosylated blood proteins]. PMID- 3897105 TI - [A 64-year-old patient with diffuse bleeding tendency and pancytopenia]. PMID- 3897108 TI - [Hypercalcemia: symptom and syndrome]. PMID- 3897107 TI - [Branched-chain amino acids and their ketoanalogs: therapeutic uses in patients with chronic liver or kidney failure]. PMID- 3897109 TI - [Erythrohepatic protoporphyria]. PMID- 3897110 TI - [Congenital diseases of collagen. Clinical heterogeneity and molecular defects]. PMID- 3897111 TI - [Obesity as a health risk. New aspects on pathophysiology]. PMID- 3897112 TI - [Alcohol and metabolism]. PMID- 3897113 TI - [Liver cirrhosis in erythropoetic protoporphyria: erythrohepatic protoporphyria]. PMID- 3897114 TI - [Acute porphyria in familial delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydrase deficiency]. PMID- 3897115 TI - Augmentation of suppression in cyclophosphamide-treated rats bearing allogeneic skin implants in the anterior chamber of the eye. AB - This study shows that alloantigen presentation via the anterior chamber (AC) of the eye coupled with a single high dose cyclophosphamide (CP) (100 mg/kg) treatment effectively suppresses the skin graft rejection reaction of the recipient. Lewis (Le) rats bearing allogeneic Brown Norway (BN) skin implants in the AC of the eye demonstrate a modest increase in the survival time of orthotopic BN skin grafts. A slight prolongation of the survival of orthotopic BN skin grafts was also demonstrated in nonimplant or syngeneic implant-bearing Le recipients which received a single injection of a large dose of CP. Augmentation of suppression was evident in rats which were treated with a single dose of 75 mg/kg CP but not 25 mg/kg. The augmentation of suppression was evident when CP treatment and skin grafting of the recipient occurred on either 0, 7, or 14 days postimplantation. Recipient splenectomy did not interfere with the augmentation of suppression. PMID- 3897116 TI - Monocyte chemotactic activity induced by intravitreal endotoxin. AB - In order to clarify the factors responsible for the cellular infiltrate characteristic of anterior uveitis, the authors have induced inflammation in rabbits by the intravitreal injection of 100 ng of Escherichia coli or Salmonella endotoxin (ET). A 2% concentration of aqueous humor 18 to 24 hr after ET consistently induced monocyte migration as measured in modified Boyden chambers. Activity was significantly greater in these samples than in aqueous after saline injection or 3 hr after endotoxin injection (prior to cellular infiltrate). Using either sephadex G-75 molecular sieve chromatography or a cibacron blue column, the vast majority of migratory activity co-eluted with albumin. Serum albumin, however, at a comparable concentration did not induce migration. Activity was largely heat- and acid-stable and was maximal in the presence of a concentration gradient, indicating that it was chemotactic rather than chemokinetic. A second peak of activity eluted from the G-75 column just prior to a marker with molecular weight of 427 and was also present in eluates from normal aqueous humor. Chloroform:methanol extraction, radioimmunoassay, and high performance liquid chromatography indicated that a small portion of the chemotactic activity could be ascribed to lipid including leukotriene B4. In contrast to the prominence of complement (C5a) derived chemotactic activity resulting from intravenous ET, C5a was not a major contributor to aqueous chemotactic activity subsequent to local ET. These observations demonstrate that leukocyte migration factors in aqueous humor can be characterized and compared. This approach can be used to test the hypothesis that subsets of anterior uveal inflammation might be distinguished on the basis of associated chemotactic factors. PMID- 3897117 TI - Primary aldosteronism. CT, MRI, scintigraphic correlation. PMID- 3897118 TI - The effect of time and cholecystectomy on experimental biliary tree dilatation. A multi-imaging evaluation. AB - The changes of the biliary tree following distal bile duct obstruction and its release were confirmed by biliary scintigraphy and monitored by serial ultrasonography, computed tomography, and values of serum bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase in 14 mongrel dogs. The degree and rate of biliary dilatation were independent of cholecystectomy. The most rapid rate of extrahepatic dilatation occurred within the first 48 hours, while dilated intrahepatic ducts were first recognized three to six days after obstruction. Following release of the obstruction, the degree and rate of resolution of the biliary dilatation were independent of the duration of ligation (one vs. two weeks) and cholecystectomy. The dilatation resolved slowly. Dilated intrahepatic ducts were recognized for as long as eight to 13 days, while extrahepatic biliary dilatation was still present for 13 weeks, at which time the experiment was terminated. It is postulated that the extrahepatic biliary dilatation will approach a plateau approximately one month after total biliary obstruction. It appears that if the obstruction lasts more than one week, it results in irreversible damage to the elasticity of the extrahepatic ducts. Thus, after release of the obstruction, serial biliary imaging is indicated until a new baseline of the biliary tree diameter has been established. PMID- 3897119 TI - Ultrasonography of the rotator cuff. Normal and pathologic anatomy. AB - Forty-eight patients with shoulder pain and 15 normal volunteers underwent rotator cuff imaging using high resolution real time ultrasound. The potential diagnostic value of sonography in detecting rotator cuff tears was evaluated by correlating ultrasound findings with surgical findings in 19 patients, 12 of whom also underwent preoperative arthrography. The preoperative ultrasound diagnosis was correct in 18 of the 19 patients undergoing surgery for possible rotator cuff tears. In the group of 12 surgical patients undergoing both preoperative arthrography and sonography, ultrasound correctly predicted the presence of a rotator cuff tear in 12 of 12 patients, while arthrography predicted cuff tears in only nine of 12. Good anatomic definition of the rotator cuff was obtained in both symptomatic and asymptomatic groups. The characteristic appearance of the normal and pathologic rotator cuff is described. Rotator cuff sonography promises to be a valuable new diagnostic tool for evaluating patients with suspected rotator cuff tears. PMID- 3897120 TI - Accuracy of ultrasound in fetal femur length determination. Ultrasound phantom study. AB - An ultrasound phantom was constructed simulating fetal femurs in amniotic fluid. Bones of 26, 36, 50, 58, and 70 mm, representative of gestational ages ranging from 17 to 36 weeks, were scanned with mechanical sector, phased sector, and linear array systems (ATL, Diasonics, Acuson, and GE). Measurements were made with the bone in both a horizontal and nearly vertical orientation at 5, 10, and 15 cm from the transducer. The ultrasound measurements were compared with the true bone length. With bones in a nearly vertical orientation (parallel to the ultrasound beam) the ultrasound measurements corresponded more closely to the true bone length regardless of the type of equipment or distance from the transducer. The wide aperture linear system was most accurate with no measurable difference from the actual bone length and a mechanical sector scanner had the largest error which was 6 mm. In the horizontal position (perpendicular to the beam) the smallest errors occurred when the bone was in the focal zone. This ranged from no error for the wide aperture linear array to 8 mm for the mechanical sector scanner. When the bone was not in the focal zone the error ranged from 8 to 26 mm for the mechanical sector scanner. Errors in ultrasound measured femur lengths can be shown to result from the focal characteristics of the equipment as well as the orientation and distance of the bone from the transducer. These differences can produce errors in estimation of gestational age as large as ten weeks. PMID- 3897121 TI - Laboratory aspects of pulmonary tuberculosis. PMID- 3897122 TI - The development of the Irish tuberculosis services. PMID- 3897123 TI - Robert Koch: the story of his discoveries in tuberculosis. PMID- 3897124 TI - A comparative study of skin cancer in renal transplant recipients. PMID- 3897125 TI - The use of ultrasound in the confirmation and evaluation of abdominal aortic aneurysms. PMID- 3897126 TI - Brother Potamian O'Reilly: Irish scientist and x-ray pioneer. PMID- 3897127 TI - Biographical sketches--54. Withering. PMID- 3897128 TI - Flunarizine, a calcium entry blocker in migraine prophylaxis. PMID- 3897129 TI - Maprotiline in chronic tension headache: a double-blind cross-over study. PMID- 3897130 TI - Consolidation and the golden parachute: removing the barriers to successful operational consolidation. PMID- 3897131 TI - Hospital governance and the corporate revolution. PMID- 3897132 TI - Viewpoint: have our shirts become too starched? PMID- 3897133 TI - The significance of hyperglycemia after injury. PMID- 3897134 TI - The effect of the backrest position on the measurement of left atrial pressure in patients after cardiac surgery. PMID- 3897135 TI - Cardiac transplantation: indications, procurement, operation, and management. AB - Between July 1982 and April 1984, 22 patients underwent cardiac transplantations at the Texas Heart Institute with a cumulative follow-up of 188 patient-months (mean of 8.6 months and a range of 0.5 to 21). The actuarial survival rate at 20 months was 72%. Strict selection criteria for potential recipients and donors, optimal perioperative management, which includes endomyocardial biopsy, and most important the introduction of cyclosporine are the major factors that led to these increasing survival rates. The high incidence of cyclosporine-related complications, especially hypertension and myocardial fibrosis, will require long term evaluation to adequately assess the therapeutic effectiveness of this new immunosuppressive agent. PMID- 3897136 TI - Development of a cardiac transplantation program: role of the clinical nurse specialist. PMID- 3897137 TI - Ethical issues in a heart transplant program. PMID- 3897138 TI - A nursing diagnosis approach to the patient awaiting cardiac transplantation. AB - The most common reason to perform cardiac transplantation is dilated cardiomyopathy. Alterations in cardiac output secondary to decreased contractility and increased preload and afterload will, over time, lead to progressive deterioration of the patient with this type of end-stage cardiac disease. Heart transplantation is now an accepted therapy for these patients. This article focused on the patient in the period awaiting cardiac transplantation. Five pertinent nursing diagnoses were identified and discussed. A case study approach was utilized to highlight patient problems and nursing interventions. PMID- 3897139 TI - [Open intra-articular fractures of the femoral condyle. A difficult problem in fresh knee injuries]. PMID- 3897140 TI - [Prospective comparative study of ultrasound and peritoneal lavage in blunt abdominal injuries]. PMID- 3897141 TI - Conservative varicose vein surgery--a modern necessity. PMID- 3897142 TI - [Influence of the duration of ischemia on the function of cadaver kidney transplants]. PMID- 3897143 TI - Identification and quantification of Hb C with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. AB - A highly specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for the rapid identification and quantification of hemoglobin C in hemolysates. The procedure involves coating the surface of microtiter wells with Hb C and then addition of monospecific rabbit antibodies that recognize the unique beta 6 GLU-- -LYS substitution in Hb C. Next, an antibody to rabbit gamma-globulin conjugated with alkaline phosphatase is added, followed by substrate; a yellow color is formed due to the enzymatic hydrolysis of the substrate, which can be measured spectrophotometrically. For quantification purposes, a hemolysate containing Hb C is introduced just prior to the addition of the Hb C antibody. This results in blocking the attachment of the anti-Hb C to the Hb C coated to the plastic surface. Upon addition of anti-rabbit gamma-globulin conjugate and substrate, there is a consequent reduction or elimination of color formation. Since the degree of diminution of color formation is dose-dependent, standard curves can be developed for quantification of Hb C in unknowns. Of the total hemoglobin, the amounts of Hb C in heterozygotes averaged 27.3 +/- 5.7% by ELISA and 25.1 +/- 3.9% by radioimmunoassay (RIA). In SC individuals the corresponding values were 30.2 +/- 10.1% by ELISA and 24.7 +/- 10.9% by RIA. In homozygotes, Hb C values averaged 83.2 +/- 4.2% by ELISA and 85.0 +/- 6.6% by RIA. Subjects with Hb C beta(+)-thalassemia had 66.5 +/- 3.7% Hb C as measured by ELISA and 63.5 +/- 9.1% as determined by RIA. The ELISA procedure offers distinct advantages for Hb C identification and quantification over other techniques in parameters such as specificity, sensitivity, and rapidity. PMID- 3897144 TI - Multiple hepatic lesions during acute leukemia remissions. PMID- 3897145 TI - Histological demonstration of immunoreactive zinc metallothionein in liver and ileum of rat and man. AB - A sensitive immunohistochemical technique was used to demonstrate zinc metallothionein in rat and human liver and ileum. In the liver, immunoreactivity was observed within the hepatocyte nucleus and cytoplasm, in sinusoids, canaliculi and blood vessels. In the ileum, immunoreactivity was present in the enterocyte nucleus and cytoplasm, and in the lamina propria. The effects of fasting alone and fasting with zinc injection were studied. In the liver, maximum staining was observed after 6 h fasting in the sinusoids, canaliculi and hepatocyte cytoplasm, and this pattern was not present in zinc injected animals. In the ileum, the greatest staining in the enterocyte cytoplasm and basal region was in control animals and after 6 and 12 h fasting. A similar pattern was observed in zinc-injected animals. Decreased staining was seen after 18 h fasting in both liver and ileum. In human ileum, the patients with colitis had less metallothionein immunoreactivity and those on steroid therapy had more immunoreactivity than the controls. We suggest a physiological transport and short term storage function for zinc metallothionein in rat and man. PMID- 3897147 TI - Detection of tubulin structures of animal tissues in paraffin sections by immunofluorescence. PMID- 3897146 TI - On the specificity of insulin staining by Victoria blue 4R. PMID- 3897148 TI - Electron cytochemical reaction for dipeptidyl aminopeptidase in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PMID- 3897149 TI - Dipeptidyl peptidase I of lymphocytes of the human peripheral blood. PMID- 3897150 TI - The culture of human foetal pancreas as a method of tissue preservation: a quantitative immunocytochemical investigation. PMID- 3897152 TI - Commercial polyclonal and monoclonal histostaining PAP kits. Immunoperoxidase reagents and performance characteristics in comparison with self-prepared immunoreagents. AB - Universal, polyclonal and monoclonal immunoperoxidase staining kits from BioGenex, Dako and Ortho were employed for the localization of antigens such as gastrin, prostate specific antigen, IgA, IgG, AFP and CEA in histological sections from formaldehyde fixed and paraffin embedded human specimens. The kit components were controlled by immunohistological and serological assays and were also compared with self-prepared reagents. In connection with specific primary antibodies, universal/basic kits gave reliable localization of defined antigens. The optimal concentration of the primary antibodies had to be established by dilution experiments. In the case of polyclonal kits, typical antigen localization was obtained in selected tissue sections with all the respective kits. CEA kits also stained strongly NCA molecules present in organs such as colon, stomach and liver. BioGenex polyclonal kits gave almost stronger stainings than kits from Dako and Ortho. Irrespective of which kit from different commercial sources is used, development of peroxidase activity with AEC/H2O2 often had to be stopped far below the recommended incubation time of 40 min or overstaining with color change from reddish to muddy green occurred. The latter was attributed to insufficiently balanced kit reagents, an interpretation which was supported by quantitative serological studies. Sensitivity of immunohistological reactivity was much enhanced by pretreatment of tissue sections with Pronase. Thus, stronger immunostainings and larger numbers of positive cells were detected than in conventionally rehydrated sections.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3897151 TI - Decreased lysosomal protease content of skeletal muscles from streptozotocin induced diabetic rats: a biochemical and histochemical study. AB - The activity of four lysosomal proteases in soleus and extensor digitorum longus muscles was studied in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats using newly developed fluorescence histochemical and biochemical techniques. The results indicate that the content of lysosomal protease in skeletal muscle cells was decreased three weeks after the induction of diabetes. The reduction was most pronounced in the extensor digitorum longus for all the proteases tested, but in the soleus only cathepsin B and dipeptidyl peptidase II showed a decrease. Biochemical assays on total muscle homogenates and muscle extracts confirmed the histochemical observations that protease activity was significantly lower in diabetic muscles. This decrease in activity varied with the duration of diabetes beginning as early as 48 h for the soleus. In conclusion, myofibre-specific decreases in lysosomal proteases occur following diabetes. PMID- 3897154 TI - [Myomucosal flaps of the tongue for covering defects in the mouth area]. AB - The extraordinarily rich blood supply of the tongue makes it possible to use a variety of pedicled tongue flaps: 1. Defects of the dorsum of the tongue can be covered either with island flaps from the margin or with flaps crossing the midline. 2. Medial defects can be covered by flaps taken from both sides or from the centre of the dorsum. 3. Defects of the tip of the tongue or the front of the floor of the mouth can be filled by island flaps taken from one or both sides of the tongue. Large defects can be crossed by a triangular island flap pulled through a tunnel. 4. For defects in the lateral floor of the mouth an oval shaped flap from the middle of the tongue is pulled through a tunnel into the defect. PMID- 3897155 TI - Time, space and value. AB - The ability of animals to associate stimuli depends on whether the stimuli are processed by the cognitive system or the affective system. Historically, a distinction was made between "thinking" and "feeling" by the empirical philosophers of the Renaissance. Recent evidence indicates that cognition and affect can be fruitfully applied to animal research. When animals are required to search an external environment for hidden food baits, they display an objective mastery of time and space as if they have acquired a "cognitive map" of the test area. Tests of an animal's ability to span the time between two external events yield intervals which can best be measured in seconds or fractions thereof. When animals consume a food, the affective value of that food is adjusted according to its utility in the internal milieu. If the food is nutritious, visceral feedback raises the preference value of the food. If nausea ensues, the taste becomes disgusting. Tests of an animal's ability to span the time between eating and nausea yield intervals which can best be described in hours or fractions thereof. Cognitive and affective processes are qualitatively distinct and subserved by different neural systems, yet they are both essential for associative learning. We offer a theoretical scheme designed to weld the two components into a single unitary sequence. PMID- 3897153 TI - Nonspecific esterases of mammalian testis. Comparative studies on the mouse (Mus musculus) and rat (rattus norvegicus). AB - Ten different nonspecific esterases in both mouse (Mus musculus) and rat (Rattus norvegicus) testis were identified following the analysis of electrophoretic patterns using genetic, developmental, and biochemical criteria. None of the enzymes were unique to testis, although the pattern of activity was testis specific. The enzymes comprised, in each species, six carboxylesterases (EC 3.1.1.1), one arylesterase (EC 3.1.1.2), one acetylesterase (EC 3.1.1.6), and two butyrylesterases (tentative designation). Cholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.8) was not detected. Individual homology relationships were recognized between the two species for all of these activities, except three of the carboxylesterases; however, these were coded for by homologous gene clusters. Similarities between the two species extended to the developmental course of expression and the modulation of the pattern of activity by the testicular feminization (Tfm) mutation. We describe the effects of the sex reversal (Sxr) mutation in the mouse, as well as the distribution of individual activities between Leydig cells and seminiferous tubules. The results of earlier histochemical studies are interpreted in the light of the present investigation. The correspondence between mouse- and rat-testis esterases suggests that the results could serve as a basis for mammalian testis esterase systems in general. PMID- 3897156 TI - Fast neutron radiotherapy for locally advanced prostate cancer: results of an RTOG randomized study. AB - Between June 1977 and April 1983, the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) sponsored a Phase III randomized study investigating fast neutron radiation therapy in the treatment of patients with locally advanced (Stage C and D1) adenocarcinoma of the prostate gland. Patients were randomized to receive either conventional photon radiation therapy or fast neutron irradiation used in a mixed beam treatment schedule (neutron/photon). A total of 91 analyzable patients were entered in the study; 78 of them were treated without major protocol deviations. The two treatment groups were balanced in regard to all major prognostic variables. Actuarial curves for "overall" survival, "determinantal" survival and local/regional control are presented both for the entire group of 91 patients and the 78 patients treated within protocol guidelines. The overall local/regional tumor recurrence rate is 7% for the mixed-beam treated group of patients and is 22% for the photon (X ray) treated group of patients. The difference is statistically significant at the p = 0.05 level. For the entire group of 91 evaluable patients, the 5-year "overall" survival rate is 62% for the mixed-beam treated group and 35% for the photon-treated group. This difference is also statistically significant (p less than 0.05). However, this statistical significance is lost when the smaller number of patients treated strictly within protocol guidelines is considered. The significance is regained (p less than 0.02) when one looks at "determinantal" survival, which uses active cancer at time of death as the failure endpoint. This study demonstrates that a regional treatment modality, in this case mixed-beam irradiation, can influence both local/regional tumor control and survival in patients with locally-advanced adenocarcinoma of the prostate gland. PMID- 3897157 TI - Chemotherapy of advanced mammary adenocarcinoma in 14 cats. AB - Fourteen cats with advanced mammary adenocarcinoma were treated with doxorubicin HCl and cyclophosphamide. All cats had inoperable or recurrent disease, and 9 cats had metastasis to the thorax. Eleven of the cats were available for long term evaluation; 3 had complete response to chemotherapy, with survival times of 180, 283, and 344 days; 2 had partial response, with survival times of 45 and 149 days; 2 had stabilization of disease, with survival times of 170 and 182 days; and 4 had no response, with survival times of 4, 47, 67, and 106 days. PMID- 3897158 TI - Ocular coccidioidomycosis in a cat. AB - Enucleation of the right eye was performed on a 12-year-old male Persian cat when therapy for uveitis failed. Histologic examination of the anterior and posterior chambers and the vitreous led to a diagnosis of endophthalmitis caused by Coccidioides immitis infection. The primary focus of infection was not determined. Latex particle agglutination, agar gel immunodiffusion, and complement fixation gave negative results for Coccidioides immitis antibody. PMID- 3897159 TI - Cutaneous cryptococcosis in three cats. AB - Cutaneous cryptococcosis was diagnosed in 3 cats. No other organ involvement was found. One cat has remained healthy after surgical excision of the cryptococcal skin lesion. One cat was euthanatized after diagnosis. The third cat was treated successfully with a 5-month course of ketoconazole. PMID- 3897160 TI - Use of cancellous bone graft in treatment of navicular bone osteomyelitis in a foal. AB - A 3-month-old Quarter Horse filly stepped on a fence staple and developed navicular bone osteomyelitis of the right hindfoot. A 1.5-cm spherical portion of medullary cavity containing purulent material was debrided and flushed with 0.9% NaCl solution. Cancellous bone was collected from a caudal sternebra and placed into the defect. The solar defect had filled with granulation tissue and was epithelialized 6 weeks after surgery. At 6-month follow-up evaluation, the navicular bone defect had healed and the foal was sound on the limb. Cancellous bone grafting may have merit for the treatment of navicular bone osteomyelitis in the horse. PMID- 3897161 TI - Rectal prolapse and cystic calculus in a burro. AB - A 7-year-old burro jack was examined because of recurrent rectal prolapse and severe cough. The prolapse was reduced manually and a cough associated with bronchopneumonia responded to antimicrobial therapy. The rectal prolapse recurred and again was reduced manually. During exploratory celiotomy a cystic calculus was identified and removed. Severe protracted cough and cystic calculus were thought to be contributing factors to recurrent rectal prolapse in this burro. PMID- 3897162 TI - Therapeutic efficacy of beta-lactam and aminoglycoside antibiotics on experimental pneumonia caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae B-54 in diabetic mice. AB - The therapeutic efficacy of six beta-lactam and aminoglycoside antibiotics were compared in diabetic mice with experimentally induced Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumonia. beta-Lactams caused a reduction in the numbers of bacteria, with clearance of bacteria from the lungs of diabetic and normal mice. The effect in diabetic mice, however, was very poor. In contrast thereto, no remarkable difference was seen between diabetic and normal mice when treated with aminoglycosides. The concentration of the test antibiotics to the lungs in diabetic mice was lower than in normal mice. The aminoglycosides were more effective than the beta-lactams. These data suggest that in treating acute and more chronic forms of pulmonary infection caused by K. pneumoniae in diabetic mice aminoglycoside antibiotics are particularly valuable, whereas beta-lactams must be given in large quantities using multiple administrations. PMID- 3897163 TI - Trimethoprim resistance plasmids in Escherichia coli isolated from cases of diarrhoea in cattle, pigs and sheep. AB - A total of 1572 isolates of Escherichia coli obtained from the faeces of young farm animals with diarrhoea over the period 1980-1983 were screened for resistance to trimethoprim (Tp). Resistance to Tp was detected in 263/954 (28%) of bovine isolates, 59/441 (13%) of porcine isolates and 15/177 (9%) of ovine isolates. Seventy-five resistant isolates from separate outbreaks of infection on farms within a 25 mile radius of Nottingham were examined in detail. Sixty-eight (91%) of the 75 isolates were resistant to greater than 1024 mg Tp/l and 34 (50%) of these 'highly resistant' isolates (45% of total resistant isolates) transferred their Tp resistance to E. coli K12. A further 13 (17%) isolates were demonstrated to carry non-self-transferable plasmids which were capable of being mobilized to E. coli K12 by the broad host range plasmid RP4. Thirty-one self transferable Tp R plasmids were divided between the following incompatibility groups: IncB (14 plasmids), IncFII (4 plasmids), IncH2 (1 plasmid), IncI alpha (10 plasmids), IncI delta (1 plasmid) and IncP (1 plasmid). In terms of antibiotic resistance patterns and incompatibility properties, many of these plasmids closely resembled those isolated from human patients in the same area, suggesting that there may be a common pool of Tp R plasmids. PMID- 3897164 TI - A new apparatus for continuous cultivation of bacterial plaque on solid surfaces and human dental enamel. AB - A new apparatus for the continuous cultivation of mono and mixed bacterial plaque on solid surfaces is described. The features are: easy preparation and handling; freedom from technical problems and microbial contamination; self-sufficient for periods of up to 56 d; 12 samples are taken simultaneously; programmable supply inlet. Experiments were performed with Streptococcus mutans C 67-1 for mono bacterial inoculation and in combination with Veillonella alcalescens V-1 for mixed bacterial inoculations. The results showed that the controlled conditions and versatility of the apparatus make possible the study of plaque-development and lesion production on a time-dependent basis. It is concluded that the apparatus is suitable for a wide range of dental and non-dental applications. PMID- 3897165 TI - Collaborative study on the isolation of salmonella from artificially contaminated milk powder. AB - The suitability of artificially contaminated milk powder as a substrate for salmonella reference samples and its stability under different storage conditions were studied. The need for a reconstitution step in the standard isolation method for salmonellas from milk powders was also investigated. When milk powder was examined in this way with a reconstitution step, differences in laboratory methods and/or storage times had no significant effect on the results after storage at 4 degrees C. With powder stored at room temperature there was a systematic decrease in the number of samples positive as the storage time increased. It is concluded therefore that milk powder contaminated with salmonellas should be stored at 4 degrees C. Examination of such milk powder with a reconstitution step yielded better results than without it and this step is therefore necessary for improving the reproducibility of the method. No significant differences were encountered between the standard isolation method and that used in the authors' laboratories. The results of this study indicate that milk powder is suitable as basic material for reference samples and that a reconstitution step should be included in the standard salmonella isolation procedure. PMID- 3897166 TI - Pharmacokinetic drug interactions with macrolide antibiotics. PMID- 3897167 TI - Ceftazidime in serious hospital-acquired infections. AB - Thirty-four patients, most of them immunocompromised, with severe hospital acquired infections, including septicaemia, respiratory tract and complicated urinary tract infections were treated with ceftazidime 1-2 g intravenously 8 hourly. Twenty-six patients were cured or improved (76%). The most common pathogens were Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Gram-positive organisms were isolated from nine patients. Failure were observed in eight patients (24%), four of them had infections caused by resistant organisms, one had infection with Ps. aeruginosa which became resistant during therapy. Superinfection occurred in 11 patients (32%). Mean peak serum levels after 1 g intravenously were 86.2 +/- 30.3 mg/l; after 2 g intravenously 151.6 +/- 52.2 mg/l. The half-life of serum elimination was 1.8-1.9 h, 2 h in patients with liver function disorders and 3 h in patients with renal impairment. Side effects were mild. Ceftazidime is useful in treating Gram-negative infections, but the gaps in its spectrum, the high rate of superinfection and emergence of resistance are matters of concern. PMID- 3897168 TI - Sch 34343 activity against streptococci and beta-lactam-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. AB - The in-vitro activity of Sch 34343 was compared with that of cefotaxime, ceftazidime, latamoxef (moxalactam), aztreonam and ampicillin. Against pneumococci, Sch 34343 was as active as ampicillin, whereas against the other streptococci it was less active than ampicillin but significantly better than the other antibiotics against enterococci. With clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae resistant to cefotaxime, Sch 34343 had MICs generally less than 2 mg/l. After introduction of plasmid-mediated beta-lactamases into Escherichia coli Cla. there were no significant changes in the MICs of Sch 34343. Mutants of Enterobacter cloacae, Citrobacter freundii and Morganella morganii with derepressed cephalosporinases had susceptibilities equal to or less than 1 mg/l, which were generally lower than those of the other compounds tested. Comparison of parental strains and permeability mutants of E. coli, Ent. cloacae, and Serratia marcescens showed that the increase in MICs of Sch 34343 were lower than those found for the other antibiotics. PMID- 3897169 TI - Sch 34343: in-vitro antibacterial activity and susceptibility to beta-lactamases. AB - The in-vitro activity of the penem Sch 34343 was assessed in comparison with third-generation cephalosporins, aztreonam and imipenem. Sch 34343 was active, with MICs generally 2 mg/1 or less, against a broad spectrum of organisms amongst which were staphylococci (including methicillin-resistant strains), streptococci (though enterococci were less susceptible with Sch 34343 MICs mostly 4-8 mg/1), anaerobes (including the Bacteroides fragilis group), Haemophilus influenzae and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. It was also active against the Enterobacteriaceae though Enterobacter cloacae and Serratia spp. were somewhat less susceptible than other members of this group. Sch 34343 lacked useful activity against most species of Pseudomonas (including Ps. aeruginosa) but was active against Ps. acidovorans and some isolates of Ps. cepacia. Sch 34343 showed a high degree of resistance to plasmid-determined and most chromosomally-determined beta-lactamases; however, it was hydrolysed rapidly by enzymes from some isolates of Aeromonas hydrophila and more slowly by enzymes from Ps. maltophilia and Bact. melaninogenicus subspecies intermedius. We did not observe any reduction in sensitivity to Sch 34343 for most beta-lactamase-producing organisms, including strains of Enterobacter spp. and Citrobacter freundii that were resistant to most other beta-lactams. PMID- 3897170 TI - Comparative in-vitro activity of Sch 34343, imipenem, cefpirome and cefotaxime. AB - The in-vitro activity of Sch 34343 was compared with that of imipenem, cefpirome and cefotaxime against clinical isolates of important bacterial pathogens. Sch 34343 was very stable to changes in media, human serum concentration, pH and inoculum size. Enterobacteriaceae, including strains resistant to aminopenicillins and established cephalosporins, were susceptible to Sch 34343. In the case of Acinetobacter spp., imipenem was the only highly active antibiotic. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (and most other Pseudomonas spp.) were insensitive to Sch 34343. Activity against Haemophilus influenzae was greater than that of imipenem but less than that of cefotaxime and cefpirome. Sch 34343 activity against Gram-negative anaerobic rods was greater than that of cefoxitin and comparable to imipenem. All methicillin-sensitive staphylococci were inhibited by 1 mg/l of Sch 34343, 0.5 mg/l of imipenem, 2 mg/l of cefpirome and 8 mg/l of cefotaxime. Activity of all four against methicillin-resistant staphylococci was low. Streptococcus faecalis was inhibited by 16 mg/l of Sch 34343 and 2 mg/l of imipenem. The activity of Sch 34343 was not affected by a beta-lactamase inactivating third generation cephalosporins. PMID- 3897171 TI - Bactericidal activity of Sch 34343 alone and in combination with gentamicin. AB - Sch 34343 inhibited 50% of the 105 bacterial strains tested at concentrations ranging from less than 1.25 to 5.0 mg/l and 90% at 5.0 to 10.0 mg/l. Against Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae strains with cefotaxime MICs greater than 5.0 mg/l, 1.0-4.0 mg/l of Sch 34343 was required for inhibition. At concentrations equal to 1 X and 8 X MIC, Sch 34343 rapidly reduced the inoculum by 99% and 99.9%. Against Staphylococcus aureus higher concentrations had a lesser bactericidal activity. Sch 34343 and gentamicin were synergistic at concentrations that were separately subinhibitory. PMID- 3897172 TI - In-vivo bactericidal activity of Sch 34343 in Bacteroides fragilis abscesses and in Bacteroides fragilis-Escherichia coli abscesses. AB - Bacteroides fragilis pure-culture abscesses and Bact. fragilis-Escherichia coli mixed-culture abscesses were initiated subcutaneously in mice and intraperitoneally in rats. Within 1 h after injection of Sch 34343, the drug was present in higher concentrations in the abscesses than in the blood of infected animals. After five days of Sch 34343 therapy with either 100 or 400 mg/kg administered five times a day to mice with subcutaneous abscesses, the numbers of Bact. fragilis in pus decreased approximately three log-fold, reflecting a killing of 99.99% of the viable Bact. fragilis, while the numbers of E. coli decreased approximately 0.5 log-fold, reflecting a killing of 50% of the viable E. coli. After five days of therapy with either 50 or 150 mg/kg administered five times a day to rats with intraperitoneal fibrin clot abscesses, the viable Bact. fragilis again decreased three log-fold; the viable E. coli decreased one log fold in rats given the higher dosages of the drug. Sch 34343 is a promising agent for the treatment of anaerobic infections because it can penetrate into anaerobic abscesses and can kill large numbers of bacteria within abscesses. PMID- 3897173 TI - Evaluation of the in-vivo efficacy of Sch 34343. AB - Sch 34343 showed a linear dose response (with respect to AUCs) in mice following both intravenous and subcutaneous administration. It was 100% bioavailable following subcutaneous administration. Peak serum levels, AUCs, beta-phase half life and recovery of Sch 34343 from the urine of mice indicated that it was similar to cephalothin and cefamandole. In experimental mouse infections, against Gram-negative strains, Sch 34343 was more active than cephalothin, equal to or more active than cefamandole and cefoxitin, but less active than latamoxef (moxalactam) and cefotaxime following single or multiple dose therapy. It was the most active compound against Staphylococcus. Sch 34343 was equally active against strains sensitive to beta-lactams and strains producing beta-lactamases. In an anaerobic abscess model in mice, Sch 34343 was more active than cefoxitin and clindamycin against Bacteroides fragilis. In Escherichia coli meningitis in rabbits, it cured rabbits with a single intravenous dose of 50 mg/kg. PMID- 3897174 TI - The mode of action of Sch 34343: affinity for the penicillin binding proteins of Escherichia coli K-12 and Bacteroides fragilis. AB - The competition of the new penem antibiotic, Sch 34343, for the penicillin binding-proteins (PBPs) of Escherichia coli and Bacteroides fragilis was studied. Sch 34343 caused rounding of cells, and then sphaeroplast formation and lysis in both organisms. The primary target in both organisms was PBP 2, and at higher concentrations PBP 1a and 1b (and 1c in Bact. fragilis). These targets were inhibited at well below therapeutically achievable concentrations. The results indicate that in E. coli and Bact. fragilis, the bactericidal activity of Sch 34343 is related to inhibition of two out of three 'essential' PBPs. PMID- 3897175 TI - In-vitro activity of Sch 34343 against Gram-negative bacteria producing characterized beta-lactamases. AB - The activity of Sch 34343 against 13 strains producing large amounts of characterized beta-lactamases was compared with that of imipenem, latamoxef (moxalactam), aztreonam and other third-generation cephalosporins. Sch 34343, like imipenem, was active against all strains, including many resistant to all other beta-lactams. MICs of Sch 34343 determined for 16 different inocula were rarely increased even at very high inocula. Sch 34343 was rapidly bactericidal against Escherichia coli TEM-2, Enterobacter agglomerans (with an induced beta lactamase) and two strains of Bacteroides fragilis with highly active cephalosporinases. Like cefoxitin, Sch 34343 was only slowly inactivated by concentrated crude penicillinases which inactivated cefotaxime within 1 h. Sch 34343 was even more stable to cephalosporinases than was cefoxitin. Stability of the antibiotics to the different beta-lactamases was also determined by pre incubating them with dilutions of the beta-lactamases before determination of MICs against E. coli 25922. Very large amounts of all enzymes were required to increase the MICs significantly for Sch 34343 and imipenem. These results indicate the good stability of Sch 34343 to beta-lactamases. PMID- 3897176 TI - Effect of normoxemic and hypoxemic exercise on renin and aldosterone. AB - Five subjects (group 1) performed progressive treadmill exercise on 2 separate days, once while breathing room air (normoxemic) and the other time while breathing gas with a fractional inspired O2 of 17% (hypoxemic). Five other subjects (group 2) performed two progressive treadmill exercise tests on each of 2 separate days in a crossover design. On 1 day normoxemic exercise was first, followed by hypoxemic exercise, and on the other day the pattern was reversed. Plasma renin activity (PRA) increased to a similar extent with hypoxemic exercise as with normoxemic exercise. Plasma aldosterone concentrations (PAC) rose to a significantly higher level during normoxemic exercise than with hypoxemic exercise. Comparing changes in PRA to PAC with progressive exercise revealed dissociation of PAC from PRA during hypoxemic exercise. The PAC response remained depressed when normoxemic exercise followed hypoxemic exercise. These results indicate that hypoxemia interferes with PRA-mediated aldosterone secretions. The mechanism of this inhibition is unclear. PMID- 3897177 TI - Effects of tonic vagal input on breathing pattern in newborn rabbits. AB - Respiratory effects of positive and negative pressure breathing were studied in 1 and 4-day-old rabbit pups anesthetized with ketamine (50 mg/kg, im) and acepromazine (3 mg/kg, im). We recorded tidal volume (VT), tracheal pressure (Ptr), and integrated diaphragmatic EMG (DiEMG). Inspiratory (TI) and expiratory time (TE) were measured from the records of DiEMG. During breathing with increased Ptr by 1 or 2 cmH2O, VT, minute ventilation (VE), and respiratory rate (f) decreased. Changes in f relied on a TE prolongation. Neither DiEMG nor its rate of rise (DiEMGt) were affected. Except for VT decrease during positive Ptr, all other effects disappeared after vagotomy. Our results indicate that an increase in tonic vagal activity interacts with the mechanisms controlling TE and has no effect on depth and duration of inspiration. When Ptr decreased by 1 and 2 cmH2O, VE increased due to an increase in f. Increase in f relied on shortening of both TI and TE; the TE effect being more pronounced. DiEMG and DiEMGt also increased. Adverse effects of lung deflation and vagotomy strongly suggest that the respiratory reflex stimulation due to decrease in Ptr does not rely on inhibition of the slowly adapting stretch receptor activity. Therefore other excitatory vagal inputs must be responsible for this response. We propose two vagally mediated inputs: the irritant and/or the cardiac receptors. PMID- 3897178 TI - Mitogenic effect of endotoxin on lung and tolerance of rats to hyperoxia. AB - Treatment of rats with endotoxin, as late as 24 h after beginning exposure to greater than 95 O2 at 1 atm, increases survival at 72 h from 20-30% to greater than 95% (J. Clin. Invest. 65: 1104, 1980), whereas treatment with corticosteroids reduces survival (Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 47: 367, 1979). Since endotoxin is mitogenic to some cells and glucocorticosteroids decrease DNA synthesis by lung cells, we asked 1) is endotoxin mitogenic to the lung, and, if so, 2) is the mitogenic effect required for endotoxin to produce tolerance to hyperoxia? We found endotoxin administered in vivo does have a mitogenic effect on the lung as indicated by an increased rate of DNA synthesis by lung slices; dexamethasone blocked this effect. However, although dexamethasone given alone markedly diminished survival in hyperoxia, dexamethasone did not impair the protection conferred to rats by endotoxin against the edemogenicity and lethality of hyperoxia. Furthermore, dexamethasone did not diminish the rise of antioxidant enzyme activity in the lungs of endotoxin-treated O2-exposed rats. We conclude endotoxin can produce tolerance to hyperoxia even when its mitogenic action on the lung is substantially diminished. PMID- 3897179 TI - Serum erythropoietin in humans at high altitude and its relation to plasma renin. AB - Serum immunoreactive erythropoietin (siEp) was estimated in samples collected from members of two scientific and mountaineering expeditions, to Mount Kongur in Western China and to Mount Everest in Nepal. SiEp was increased above sea-level control values 1 and 2 days after arrival at 3,500 m and remained high on ascent to 4,500 m. Thereafter, while subjects remained at or above 4,500 m, siEp declined, and by 22 days after the ascent to 4,500 m was at control values but increased on ascent to higher altitude. Thus siEp was at a normal level during the maintenance of secondary polycythemia from high-altitude exposure. On descent, with removal of altitude hypoxia, siEp decreased, but despite secondary polycythemia levels remained measurable and in the range found in subjects normally resident at sea level. On Mount Everest, siEp was significantly (P less than 0.01) elevated above preexpedition sea-level controls after 2-4 wk at or above 6,300 m. There was no correlation between estimates of siEp and plasma renin activity in samples collected before and during both expeditions. PMID- 3897180 TI - Substrate usage during prolonged exercise following a preexercise meal. AB - The effect of a high-carbohydrate meal 4 h before 105 min of exercise at 70% of maximal O2 uptake was determined in seven endurance-trained cyclists and compared with exercise following a 16-h fast. The preexercise meal produced a transient elevation of plasma insulin and blood glucose, which returned to fasting basal levels prior to the initiation of exercise. The meal also resulted in a 42% elevation (P less than 0.05) of glycogen within the vastus lateralis at the beginning of exercise. The 1st h of exercise when subjects were fed was characterized by a 13-25% decline (P less than 0.05) in blood glucose concentration, a suppression of the normal increase in plasma free fatty acids and blood glycerol, and a 45% (P less than 0.05) greater rate of carbohydrate oxidation compared with exercise when subjects were fasted. After 105 min of exercise, there were no significant differences when subjects were fed or fasted regarding blood glucose levels, rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or muscle glycogen concentration. The greater muscle glycogen utilization (97 +/- 18 vs. 64 +/- 8 mmol glucosyl units X kg-1; P less than 0.05) and carbohydrate oxidation when subjects were fed appeared to be derived from the glycogen synthesized following the meal. These results indicate that preexercise feedings alter substrate availability despite a return of plasma insulin to fasting levels prior to exercise and that these effects persist until the 2nd h of exercise. PMID- 3897181 TI - Isolation of a purified mitochondrial fraction from viable clonal insulin producing cells (RINm5F) by Percoll density gradient centrifugation. AB - A Percoll density gradient was employed for selecting large numbers of viable insulin-producing RINm5F cells. Homogenates of these cells were then subjected to gradient centrifugation and two clearly visible bands were obtained. The light fraction was essentially composed of mitochondria banded at a density of about 1.06 g/ml. The heavier fraction banded at 1.09 to 1.10 g/ml and contained lysosomes and a small number of secretory granules. The distribution of Percoll particles was restricted to the extracellular space and there was no adsorption to any membrane structures. The distribution pattern of marker enzymes for the mitochondria and lysosomes was similar to that of normal pancreatic beta-cells. With the use of a Percoll density gradient it was thus possible to isolate a purified mitochondrial fraction from viable RINm5F cells. PMID- 3897182 TI - Insulin secretion from perifused rat pancreatic pseudoislets. AB - Isolated adult rat pancreatic islets were dispersed into single cells and cultured free-floating for 3 to 4 d, during which time islet cells reaggregated spontaneously into spherical clusters or pseudoislets. The gross morphology of these tissues resembled nondissociated islets. Electron microscopy revealed well preserved cell ultrastructure and intercellular membrane connections. Immunofluorescent localization of islet cell types showed that A cells tended to be peripherally distributed around a B cell core, with D cells scattered throughout the aggregate mass. The dynamics of insulin release from pseudoislets were evaluated in vitro by perifusion techniques. Pseudoislets exhibited clear biphasic dose-dependent insulin responses to 30 min glucose stimulation over the range 5.5 to 30 mM. Repeated 2-min pulses with 22 mM glucose elicited brief monophasic spikes of insulin release of consistent magnitude. L-Arginine (5 to 20 mM) evoked biphasic insulin release but these responses were not dose-dependent. These data indicate that islet cells reaggregate into structures with close morphologic similarities to intact islets, and that pseudoislet B cells continue to secrete insulin in response to nutrient secretagogues, comparable to that seen with islets in vitro and in situ. PMID- 3897183 TI - Fetal rhesus monkey lung cells can be grown in serum-free medium for the replication of dengue-2 vaccine virus. AB - Serum-free media were developed to grow diploid fetal rhesus monkey lung (DBS FRhL-2) cells and to propagate dengue-type 2 virus vaccine strain PR-159 (dengue 2 vaccine virus). Vitamins, amino acids, growth factors, hormones and other organic compounds, and inorganic salts were substituted for fetal bovine serum. The composition of the medium that was optimal for growth of DBS-FRhL-2 cells differed from medium optimal for the propagation of dengue-2 vaccine virus. Insulin, epidermal growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, and platelet-derived growth factor were required for DBS-FRhL-2 cell proliferation in serum-free medium but were inhibitory for virus propagation. Adenosine, cytidine, guanosine, uridine, and thymidine, each at 0.01 mM concentration, were necessary as medium supplements to obtain a high yield of dengue-2 vaccine virus in DBS-FRhL-2 cells under serum-free conditions. DBS-FRhL-2 cells grown in serum-free medium produced dengue-2 vaccine virus with yields similar to those of cells grown in the presence of serum. Dengue-2 vaccine virus obtained under serum-free conditions retained its phenotypic markers such as temperature sensitivity and small plaque size. PMID- 3897184 TI - Effect of cooking on levels of ethylene dibromide residues in rice. AB - Two studies were conducted to determine the effect that cooking has on the level of residues of ethylene dibromide (EDB) in rice. In the first study, 4 samples of long and medium grain polished white rice containing 113, 295, 956, and 1568 ppb EDB were cooked according to typical label directions. Three batches of cooked rice were prepared from each sample of polished rice and frozen until analysis; each batch was analyzed in duplicate. EDB levels in all cooked rice samples were less than 10 ppb. In the second study, conducted jointly by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), a sample of medium grain polished white rice containing about 1600 ppb EDB was cooked by each laboratory. Overall average EDB levels in rice analyzed immediately after cooking were 16 and 37 ppb for FDA and EPA, respectively. The corresponding frozen samples contained 8 and 39 ppb EDB. The 2 laboratories exchanged these frozen samples and reanalyzed them to check variability in the analytical procedure. FDA found 49 ppb EDB in the sample cooked by EPA and EPA found 8 ppb EDB in the sample cooked by FDA, thus indicating that analytical methodology was not a major source of variability. The range of EDB levels was therefore attributed to minor differences in the way the rice was cooked or handled immediately after cooking. PMID- 3897185 TI - Electron capture detection-gas chromatographic determination of diaminotoluenes in polyurethane foam as heptafluorobutyryl derivatives. AB - A simple gas chromatographic (GC) method has been developed to determine 2,4- and 2,6-diaminotoluenes in polyurethane foam. Diaminotoluenes were reacted with heptafluorobutyric anhydride in toluene, and the products, bis heptafluorobutyrates, were determined by GC, using a 3% silicone OV-330 column. The 2,4- and 2,6-diaminotoluenes can be detected as heptafluorobutyryl derivatives by using an electron capture detector at levels of 5 and 2 pg, respectively. Finally, 2.7-3.0 micrograms/g of 2,4- and 1.3-1.9 micrograms/g of 2,6-diaminotoluene were detected in 3 commercial polyurethane foams. PMID- 3897186 TI - Improved codistillation method for determination of carbon tetrachloride, ethylene dichloride, and ethylene dibromide in grain and grain-based products. AB - A method is described for the determination of the common fumigants carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), ethylene dichloride (EDC), and ethylene dibromide (EDB) in grain and grain-based products. A properly prepared sample is mixed with water and hexane, an internal standard mixture of 1,2-dichloropropane (DCP) and 1,2 dibromopropane (DBP) is added, and the fumigants are codistilled with the hexane into an appropriate receiver. After the hexane solution is dried over sodium sulfate, the quantities of fumigants present are quantitated on a gas chromatograph (GC) equipped with an electron capture detector (ECD). For the matrices investigated, the relative standard deviation of the method was 6.0, 9.7, and 23.1% for CCl4, EDC, and EDB, respectively. Recoveries of added fumigants were 107, 95, and 101%, respectively. Comparison with an acetone-water soak extraction method gave a correlation of 0.967 between methods for EDB with odds of a difference between methods of 35%. PMID- 3897187 TI - Effect of Calcofluor white and Congo red on fungal cell wall morphogenesis: in vivo activation of chitin polymerization. AB - Calcofluor White (a fluorochrome dye) affected the growth of Geotrichum lactis by causing lysis of cells at the hyphal tips. This effect was prevented by the presence of an osmotic stabilizer. The growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was also affected, and multicellular aggregates were formed because of incomplete separation of mother and daughter cells; fluorescence microscopy indicated the presence of abnormally thick septa. The formation of rudimentary wall material by G. lactis protoplasts was promoted by Calcofluor or Congo red (another dye). The rate of chitin synthesis in protoplasts and growing cells was enhanced by both dyes. In contrast, both dyes inhibited chitin and beta (1,3)-glucan synthases in isolated cell-free systems. Degradation rates for beta (1,3)-glucan or chitin were not affected significantly by the dyes. Wheat germ agglutinin also affected chitin synthesis in protoplasts. PMID- 3897188 TI - Diffusion of autoinducer is involved in regulation of the Vibrio fischeri luminescence system. AB - The enzymes for luminescence in Vibrio fischeri are induced by the accumulation of a species-specific metabolite (autoinducer) in the culture medium. Tritium labeled autoinducer was used to study the mechanism of autoinduction. When 3H autoinducer was added to suspensions of V. fischeri or Escherichia coli, cellular concentrations equaled external concentrations. For V. fischeri, equilibration of 3H-autoinducer was rapid (within 20 s), and greater than 90% of the cellular tritium remained in unmodified autoinducer. When V. fischeri or E. coli cells containing 3H-autoinducer were transferred to autoinducer-free buffer, 85 to 99.5% of the radiotracer escaped from the cells, depending on the strain. Concentrations of autoinducer as low as 10 nM, which is equivalent to 1 or 2 molecules per cell, were sufficient for induction, and the maximal response to autoinducer occurred at about 200 nM. If external autoinducer concentrations were decreased to below 10 nM after induction had commenced, the induction response did not continue. Based on this study, a model for autoinduction is described wherein autoinducer association with cells is by simple diffusion and binding of autoinducer to its active site is reversible. PMID- 3897189 TI - Single transporter for sulfate, selenate, and selenite in Escherichia coli K-12. AB - A Michaelis-Menten kinetic analysis of the transport of sulfate, selenate, and selenite into Escherichia coli K-12 showed that the three dianions were transported by the same carrier. Km values, used as a measure of the affinity of each ligand for the carrier, showed that sulfate was bound 5 times more tightly than selenate and 37 times more tightly than selenite. The specificity ratio, Vmax/Km, also indicated that sulfate was the preferred ligand. There was little difference in the ratios for selenate and selenite. PMID- 3897190 TI - Assembly site of bacteriophage f1 corresponds to adhesion zones between the inner and outer membranes of the host cell. AB - Morphogenesis of the filamentous bacteriophage f1 occurred at adhesion zones between the inner and outer membranes of the host cell. Quantitation of adhesion zones in cells infected with mutant phage strains suggested that the phage gene I protein may be involved in the formation of adhesion zones for phage assembly. PMID- 3897191 TI - Mol- mutants of Klebsiella pneumoniae requiring high levels of molybdate for nitrogenase activity. AB - Mol- mutants of Klebsiella pneumoniae requiring high levels of molybdate for nitrogenase and nitrate reductase activity were characterized. The effects of mol mutations on nitrogenase activity were very similar to those caused by nifQ mutations. Mol- mutants of K. pneumoniae appear to be equivalent to ChlD- mutants of Escherichia coli. PMID- 3897192 TI - supN ochre suppressor gene in Escherichia coli codes for tRNALys. AB - We describe the cloning and nucleotide sequence of a new tRNALys gene, lysV, in Escherichia coli. An ochre suppressor allele of this gene, supN, codes for a tRNALys with anticodon UUA, presumably derived by a single base change from a wild-type UUU anticodon. The sequence of the supN tRNALys is identical to the sequence of ochre suppressor tRNAs encoded by mutant alleles at the lysT locus. This locus, which contains the two previously known tRNALys genes of E. coli, is located far from the lysV locus on the chromosome. PMID- 3897193 TI - Plasmid-dependent inhibition of growth of bacteriophage T4 ndd mutants. AB - Mutants of bacteriophage T4 that fail to induce nuclear disruption (ndd mutants) are unable to grow in the wild-type Escherichia coli strain CT447. This inhibition of the growth of ndd mutants occurs only in the presence of a large (ca. 80-megadalton) plasmid resident in CT447 cells. PMID- 3897194 TI - Repair of cis-platinum-DNA adducts by ABC excinuclease in vivo and in vitro. AB - cis-Platinum compounds, which are used in cancer chemotherapy, are thought to exert their effect by damaging DNA. It is known that this damage is partially repaired in Escherichia coli. Using cis-Pt-treated pBR322 DNA as a probe, we investigated the role of nucleotide excision repair in the removal of Pt-DNA adducts. We found that the nucleotide excision pathway was the major mechanism for repairing Pt adducts in transforming plasmid DNA but that a recA-dependent pathway also contributed to plasmid survival. When cis-Pt-damaged pBR322 was treated with the purified nucleotide excision enzyme ABC excinuclease in vitro, a fraction of the adducts was removed by the enzyme; this removal resulted in a corresponding increase in transformation efficiency. PMID- 3897195 TI - Effects of the ccd function of the F plasmid on bacterial growth. AB - The ccd segment of the mini F plasmid containing the ccdA and ccdB genes controls the coordination between plasmid proliferation and cell physiology and fate. When the DNA replication of a thermosensitive-replication plasmid carrying the ccd segment of mini F is blocked, plasmid DNA molecules are progressively diluted through cell division until the copy number reaches 1 per cell. From this time on, there is little increase in the number of viable cells, although cells continue to divide, resulting in a mixed population of viable cells (mostly plasmid containing), nonviable but residually dividing cells, and nonviable nondividing cells. Results are presented suggesting that plasmid-containing cells are viable and continue to divide, whereas plasmid-free segregants are nonviable and form filaments after a few residual divisions, with DNA synthesis reduced or arrested in the filaments. Although the ccd functions are known to induce the SOS response when plasmid replication is blocked, the production of nonviable plasmid free segregants is independent of the SOS cell division inhibition mechanism determined by the sfiA and sfiC genes. PMID- 3897196 TI - Nucleotide sequence of Klebsiella pneumoniae lac genes. AB - The nucleotide sequences of the Klebsiella pneumoniae lacI and lacZ genes and part of the lacY gene were determined, and these genes were located and oriented relative to one another. The K. pneumoniae lac operon is divergent in that the lacI and lacZ genes are oriented head to head, and complementary strands are transcribed. Besides base substitutions, the lacZ genes of K. pneumoniae and Escherichia coli have suffered short distance shifts of reading frame caused by additions or deletions or both during evolutionary divergence from a common ancestral gene. Relative to corresponding E. coli sequences, the nucleotide sequences of the lacZ and lacY genes are 61 and 67% conserved, and the lacI genes are 49% conserved. A comparison of both nucleotide and amino acid sequences revealed that the K. pneumoniae and E. coli lacI genes and lac repressor proteins each are related to the galR gene and gal repressor of E. coli to about the same extent. In terms of evolutionary relationships, the divergence of the forerunner of the galR gene from an ancestral lac repressor gene preceded separation and differentiation of the K. pneumoniae and E. coli lac repressor genes. PMID- 3897197 TI - Regulatory region of the divergent Klebsiella pneumoniae lac operon. AB - The chromosomal DNA that lies between the lacI and lacZ genes of Klebsiella pneumoniae constitutes a 196-base pair intercistronic region that contains regulatory sequences for both genes. The probable locations of specific regulatory elements for both lacI and lacZ genes were determined by analogy with the corresponding Escherichia coli sequences. A recombinational event in ancestral DNA evidently has inverted the transcriptional direction of lacI in K. pneumoniae relative to the transcriptional direction of lacI in E. coli. One end of the inversion was located within a 19-base pair sequence in the K. pneumoniae regulatory region. Sequences partially homologous to these 19 base pairs were found in two locations on either side of the E. coli lacI gene. The nucleotide sequence of the lac regulatory region in K. pneumoniae exhibits more than one possibility for folded tertiary structures. The spatial relationships of transcriptional binding sites differ in two possible structures. Associations of regulatory and transcriptional proteins with the DNA might affect conformation of the regulatory sequences and, as a consequence, transcription of the lac genes. PMID- 3897198 TI - Evidence for RecA protein association with the cell membrane and for changes in the levels of major outer membrane proteins in SOS-induced Escherichia coli cells. AB - Membrane fractions from Escherichia coli cells expressing DNA damage-inducible (SOS) functions contain elevated quantities of RecA protein (L. J. Gudas and A. B. Pardee, J. Mol. Biol. 101:459-477, 1976). We used two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to separate membrane proteins from several strains to determine whether this effect is an artifact due to contamination of membranes during preparation by the large amount of cytoplasmic RecA present in SOS-induced cells. We found that amplification of RecA+ protein without a DNA damaging treatment does not result in increased RecA-membrane association, whether recA is depressed specifically by an operator-constitutive recA allele or coordinately with other SOS genes by a lexA mutation that inactivates their common repressor. In contrast, large amounts of RecA appear in membrane fractions from undamaged cells of an SOS-constitutive strain carrying recA730, which encodes a spontaneously SOS-activated RecA. We conclude that the increased association of RecA with the membrane fraction requires the presence of the activated form of RecA, and that this association may contribute significantly to the SOS response. We describe also striking effects of SOS expression on the levels of the outer membrane proteins OmpA, OmpC, and OmpF. PMID- 3897199 TI - fipB and fipC: two bacterial loci required for morphogenesis of the filamentous bacteriophage f1. AB - We describe the identification of two mutations in bacterial genes, designated as fipB and fipC, which resulted in temperature-sensitive morphogenesis of bacteriophage f1. These mutations mapped at separate loci but had to be present simultaneously to block f1 production at 41.5 degrees C. One mutation defined the locus fipB at 85.3 min on the Escherichia coli linkage map; the other defined the locus fipC, which mapped very close to rpsL at 73 min. Since these mutations did not appear to affect phage DNA replication, gene expression, or protein localization, they probably interfered with the its life cycle at the level of assembly. fipB mutants were partially deficient in adsorption of bacteriophage lambda, and fipB and fipC mutants leaked beta-lactamase into the medium, suggesting that the mutations affect outer-membrane structure or function. PMID- 3897200 TI - Experimental evolution of penicillin G acylases from Escherichia coli and Proteus rettgeri. AB - Proteus rettgeri and Escherichia coli W were shown to express structurally different penicillin G acylases. The enzymes had similar substrate specificity but differed in molecular weight, isoelectric point, and electrophoretic mobility in polyacrylamide gels and did not antigenically cross-react. When the organisms were subjected to environmental conditions which made expression of this enzyme essential for growth, spontaneous mutants were isolated that used different amides as the only source of nitrogen. These mutants acquired the ability to use amides for growth by deregulating the penicillin G acylase and by their evolution to novel substrate specificities. The enzymes expressed by mutants isolated from each genus appeared to have evolved in parallel since each acylase attained similar new substrate specificities when the organisms were subjected to identical selection pressure. PMID- 3897201 TI - Metabolic pathway for the utilization of L-arginine, L-ornithine, agmatine, and putrescine as nitrogen sources in Escherichia coli K-12. AB - The pathway for the utilization of L-arginine, agmatine, L-ornithine, and putrescine as the sole nitrogen source by Escherichia coli K-12 has been elucidated. Mutants impaired in the utilization of one or more of the above compounds were isolated, and their growth on the different compounds as a sole source of nitrogen and the activities of enzymes of the putative pathway were examined. Our results show that L-arginine is first decarboxylated to agmatine, which is hydrolyzed to urea and putrescine. L-Ornithine is decarboxylated to putrescine. Putrescine is transaminated to gamma-aminobutyraldehyde, which is oxidized to gamma-aminobutyric acid. gamma-Aminobutyric acid is degraded to succinate. The gene for putrescine aminotransferase was located at 89 min on the E. coli K-12 chromosome, and the gene for gamma-aminobutyraldehyde (pyrroline) dehydrogenase was mapped at approximately 30 min. PMID- 3897202 TI - Control of utilization of L-arginine, L-ornithine, agmatine, and putrescine as nitrogen sources in Escherichia coli K-12. AB - The regulation of the synthesis of the enzymes involved in the utilization of L arginine, L-ornithine, agmatine, and putrescine as a sole nitrogen source in Escherichia coli K-12 was examined. The synthesis of agmatine ureohydrolase, putrescine aminotransferase, and pyrroline dehydrogenase is dually controlled by catabolite repression and nitrogen availability. Catabolite repression of agmatine ureohydrolase, but not that of putrescine aminotransferase or pyrroline dehydrogenase, is relieved by the addition of cAMP. Agmatine ureohydrolase synthesis in addition is subject to induction by L-arginine and agmatine. Arginine decarboxylase and ornithine decarboxylase synthesis is not sensitive to catabolite repression or to stimulation by nitrogen limitation or subject to substrate induction. PMID- 3897203 TI - Sensory adaptation in bacterial chemotaxis: regulation of demethylation. AB - The behavioral responses of chemotactic bacteria to environmental stimuli are initiated by a family of membrane-bound transducer proteins that communicate excitatory signals to the flagellar apparatus. The adaptation process appears to turn off the excitatory signal and is mediated by the reversible methylation of multiple sites on the transducer proteins. The activities of two chemotaxis specific enzymes, a methyltransferase and a methylesterase, are regulated during adaptation to maintain behavioral responsiveness. To monitor stimulus-induced changes in methylesterase activity in intact cells, we quantitated the continuous generation of methanol, the end product of the demethylation reaction, in a flow device. In this paper we describe studies of the regulation of the demethylation process. Changes in methylesterase activity after the simultaneous addition of opposing stimuli through two different transducer classes suggest that the sensory information detected by these transducers was integrated and that this integrated signal controlled demethylation. PMID- 3897204 TI - A comparative trial of fluoxetine and amitriptyline in patients with major depressive disorder. AB - The efficacy and safety of fluoxetine, a new antidepressant agent, were assessed in a double-blind, parallel, randomized study of 44 outpatients with major depressive disorder. Following a 1-week placebo period, patients were randomly assigned to either fluoxetine or amitriptyline for a period of 5 weeks. The mean maintenance dosages were 55 mg/day for fluoxetine and 159 mg/day for amitriptyline. Both drugs were effective in relieving the symptoms of depression. The most frequently reported side effects were nausea and nervousness for fluoxetine, and dry mouth, dizziness, and drowsiness for amitriptyline. PMID- 3897205 TI - Tricyclics: possible treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder. AB - The response to tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) was examined in 17 combat veterans with DSM-III defined posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) by means of concurrent and retrospective chart review. Severity and improvement were determined by means of Clinical Global Impressions (CGI) ratings by two independent but nonblind raters who demonstrated satisfactory reliability. Prior to treatment, 82% were rated as markedly or severely ill and 18% as moderately ill. Following treatment, 82% were rated as much improved and 18% as minimally improved. The results support further investigation of TCAs for the treatment of PTSD. PMID- 3897206 TI - Erythrocyte depletion of ABO-incompatible bone marrow. AB - Bone marrow transplantation results in the infusion of 150 to 360 ml of erythrocytes. While this poses no problem to a recipient of marrow from an ABO compatible donor, it clearly represents a serious risk of intravascular hemolysis for the recipient of an ABO-incompatible marrow. Thus, there is a need for removing incompatible erythrocytes from the marrow preparation. We removed erythrocytes from the marrow preparations by automated centrifugation. The erythrocyte-depleted marrow (EDM) contained a mean of 5 ml erythrocytes, representing an average reduction of 98%. The mean mononuclear cell recovery was 88%, resulting in a mean infusion of 0.6 X 10(8) cells/Kg of recipient's body weight in a final average volume of 155 ml. EDM was infused into 22 ABO incompatible marrow recipients (21 patients with hematologic malignancies and one patient with aplastic anemia) without clinical evidence of hemolysis. The isohemagglutinin titers of recipients ranged from 4 to 4096 and were not lowered prior to infusion. Engraftment (i.e., recovery of peripheral leukocyte and platelet counts) and incidence of graft versus host disease were similar to those observed in recipients of ABO-compatible marrow transplantation. Erythrocyte engraftment was significantly delayed in only one patient who had a high isohemagglutinin titer. The post-transplantation red cell requirement was increased in EDM recipients: 9 units compared to 6 units in ABO-compatible bone marrow transplanted patients with neither hemolysis nor interference with successful engraftment. PMID- 3897207 TI - Visual pH monitor for medical column regeneration. AB - A flow-through cartridge for indicating acidic and basic conditions during acid regeneration of immunoadsorption columns is described. Based on a pH dye covalently bound to polyacrylamide beads, it offers a direct visual indication of whether the pH of a column is in a range which is safe for use. The device, mounted in the waste line, may be reused several times. PMID- 3897208 TI - Cyclophosphamide-related intravascular haemolysis during continuous-flow plasma exchange. AB - The plasma of a patient being prepared for allogeneic bone marrow transplantation was found to be severely lymphocytotoxic to donor cells. Three isovolaemic plasma exchanges carried out using a continuous-flow technique were required to reduce this titre to undetectable levels. Neither these procedures nor pretransplantation conditioning of the patient with 60 mg/kg or cyclophosphamide on two consecutive days resulted in overt haemolysis. However, a single identical plasmapheresis 12 hours after completing the second dose of the alkylating agent resulted in profound intravascular haemolysis requiring red cell transfusion. Subsequent studies in five patients receiving the same cyclophosphamide regimen demonstrated that red cell life span, when measured with radiochromium, was reduced from a normal of 25-35 days to a median of 11.5 days. Further studies in the same five patients carried out simultaneously demonstrated that red cell fragility, when assessed in vitro with osmotic or mechanical stress, was marginally increased but became clearly abnormal in only one individual. These doses of cyclophosphamide may result in accelerated but subclinical red cell destruction, and plasma exchange in this period may be associated with rapid intravascular haemolysis. This complication should now be added to the list of those that can occur when plasmapheresis is required in this specific clinical situation. PMID- 3897209 TI - Characterization of fumarate reductase from baker's yeast: essential sulfhydryl group for binding of FAD. AB - Fumarate reductase apoenzyme having the ability to reconstitute active enzyme was obtained by dialyzing the holoenzyme against 1 M KBr. The dissociation constant of the FAD-apoenzyme complex was 2.3 X 10(-8) M. The denatured holoenzyme and apoenzyme possessed seven sulfhydryl (SH) groups as determined with 5,5' dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB). In the native apoenzyme, five SH-groups reacted with DTNB, and four of them were completely protected by the addition of FAD, while in the native holoenzyme, one was modified without inactivation. These results indicate that one SH-group is located on the surface of the enzyme molecule, four at or near the FAD-binding site, and two deeply embedded in the molecule. The modification of the apoenzyme caused inhibition of binding of FAD, resulting in loss of the ability to reconstitute enzymatic activity. Analyses of the data by statistical and kinetic methods suggested that a reactive SH-group is involved among the four SH-groups in the binding of FAD to the apoenzyme. PMID- 3897210 TI - Aspartate aminotransferase of Escherichia coli: nucleotide sequence of the aspC gene. AB - The nucleotide sequence of the aspartate aminotransferase [EC 2.6.1.1] structural gene, aspC, of Escherichia coli K-12 was determined. The coding region of the aspC gene contained 1,188 nucleotide residues and encoded 396 amino acid residues. The amino acid sequence deduced from the nucleotide sequence agreed perfectly with that of the protein recently determined for the aspartate aminotransferase of E. coli B (Kondo, K., Wakabayashi, S., Yagi, T., & Kagamiyama, H. (1984) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 122, 62-67). PMID- 3897211 TI - Branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase of Escherichia coli: nucleotide sequence of the ilvE gene and the deduced amino acid sequence. AB - The ilvE gene of the Escherichia coli K-12 ilvGEDA operon, which encodes branched chain amino acid aminotransferase [EC 2.6.1.42], was cloned. The nucleotide sequence of 1.5 kilobase pairs containing the gene was determined. The coding region of the ilvE gene contained 927 nucleotide residues and could encode 309 amino acid residues. The predicted molecular weight, amino acid composition and the sequence of the N-terminal 15 residues agreed with the enzyme data reported previously (Lee-Peng, F.-C., et al. (1979) J. Bacteriol. 139, 339-345). From the deduced amino acid sequence, the secondary structure was predicted. PMID- 3897212 TI - I-protein is localized at the junctional region of A-bands and I-bands of chicken fresh myofibrils. AB - FITC-labeled antibodies raised against chicken myofibrillar I-protein stained chicken myofibrils, which were fixed with formalin immediately after being cut from the sacrificed chicken breast muscle, at the junctional region of A-bands and I-bands. On the other hand, the antibodies stained the glycerinated myofibrils at the region around Z-bands. Aged glycerinated myofibrils stored in a cold room became stained with the same antibodies at the M-line and the A-band region except for the H-zone and the Z-band. I-Protein, which was originally localized at the A-I junctions, moved to the region around Z-bands and A-bands during the process of preparing myofibrils, paralleling the deterioration of myofibrils. Although I-protein is easily released from its original position, it is not a cytoplasmic protein of muscle but an intrinsic myofibrillar component, because immunoblotting tests showed that I-protein is contained in the myofibrillar fraction and not in the muscular cytoplasmic fraction. PMID- 3897213 TI - Purification and characterization of membrane-bound alkaline proteases from midgut tissue of the silkworm, Bombyx mori. AB - Membrane-bound alkaline proteases from the midgut epithelia of the silkworm, Bombyx mori, were solubilized with 1% Lubrol-WX, at pH 11.2. They were purified by gel filtration on Sepharose 6B and Ultrogel AcA-202 columns and a preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Two proteases, caseinolytic (6B3-Tc) and benzoyl-arginine-p-nitroanilide-lytic (6B3-Tb) were obtained. Both enzymes were homogeneous as judged by polyacrylamide electrophoresis. These enzymes showed high pH optima, 11.2, and pI values, above 11, and were extremely stable over a wide range of pH. The Km values for 6B3-Tb and Tc were 0.476 mM and 2.5 mg/ml respectively. Hammarsten casein and mulberry leaf protein were rapidly hydrolyzed by Tc, whereas the hydrolytic activity of Tb for Azocoll was higher than that of Tc. The protease Tb was strongly inhibited by diisopropylfluorophosphate, p chloromercuribenzoate, benzamidine, leupeptin, and soybean trypsin inhibitor; Tc was inhibited by diisopropylfluorophosphate, tosyl phenylalanine chloromethylketone and chymostatin, but not by tosyl lysine chloromethylketone, p chloromercuribenzoate, or iodoacetamide. The molecular weights of the proteases were estimated to be 12,800 (Tb) and 13,300 (Tc) by Sephacryl S-300 gel filtration. The amino acid analyses showed that both proteases contain a large number of acidic amino acids but a relatively small number of basic amino acids. PMID- 3897214 TI - Characterization of a monoclonal antibody to hog thyroid peroxidase and its use for immunohistochemical localization of the peroxidase in the thyroid gland. AB - A monoclonal antibody (30.1.2) to hog thyroid peroxidase was produced, purified, and characterized. The IgG of 30.1.2 formed an immune complex with the peroxidase in a 1:2 or 1:1 molar ratio depending on the IgG to antigen ratio in the incubation mixture. Immune complex formation did not inhibit the peroxidase activity, which was actually activated 2-fold in the 1:1 complex. Studies of the binding of the conjugate of the IgG or its Fab' with horseradish peroxidase to untreated and acetone-treated thyroid microsomes showed that the IgG conjugate could bind to only a very small portion of the total binding sites (thyroid peroxidase) present in untreated microsomes even after prolonged incubation. The binding of the Fab' conjugate to untreated microsomes, on the other hand, increased as the incubation time was increased, reaching 40% of the total sites after 20 h of incubation. These findings indicated that thyroid peroxidase is localized on the inner surface of the microsomal membranes and that the Fab' conjugate, but not the IgG conjugate, can slowly penetrate through the membrane barrier to reach the peroxidase. Immunohistochemical experiments using the Fab' conjugate as a probe revealed that most thyroid peroxidase in the thyroid gland is located in the endoplasmic reticulum and perinuclear cisternae of the follicular cell, although a small amount could occasionally be detected in the apical membrane including microvilli. In contrast to previous reports, no thyroid peroxidase could be found in other cellular structures such as Golgi apparatus and apical vesicles by the immunohistochemical technique employed. PMID- 3897215 TI - X-ray diffraction studies on the complex of E. coli DNA with synthetic thermospermine. AB - X-ray studies on the complex of E. coli DNA with synthetic thermospermine in fibers were carried out. This complex showed the ordinary transition, except that it yielded a semicrystalline B-form at 66% r.h., suggesting good side-to-side interactions of the material due to some number of cross-bridges of tetramine. An idea of thymine methyl-neighbor base short contacts in A-form DNA is proposed to understand these structural changes of double helical DNA. On the assumption that the unstable A-conformation needs lateral interactions, the present X-ray results are well explained. This unstable factor is potentially of considerable biological interest in relation with DNA compaction. PMID- 3897216 TI - Magnetic susceptibility of hydrogenase from Desulfovibrio vulgaris. AB - Magnetization and magnetic susceptibility measurements revealed that the hydrogenase [EC 1.12.2.1] from Desulfovibrio vulgaris Miyazaki F has an independent unpaired electron in its iron-sulfur cluster. The paramagnetic center of the Desulfovibrio hydrogenase is, therefore, different from that in the Chromatium hydrogenase which interacts with another paramagnetic center, probably nickel. PMID- 3897217 TI - Photoaffinity labeling of undecaprenyl pyrophosphate synthetase with a farnesyl pyrophosphate analogue. AB - The prenyl transferase undecaprenyl pyrophosphate synthetase was partially purified from the cytosolic fraction of Escherichia coli. Its enzymic products were characterized as a family of cis-polyprenyl phosphates, which ranged in carbon number from C55 to C25. The enzyme is constituted of two subunits of approximately 30,000 molecular weight. A radiolabeled photolabile analogue of t,t farnesyl pyrophosphate, [3H]2-diazo-3-trifluoropropionyloxy geranyl pyrophosphate, was shown to label Lactobacillus plantarum and E. coli undecaprenyl pyrophosphate synthetase on UV irradiation in the presence of isopentenyl pyrophosphate and divalent cation. The only labeled polypeptide migrated on electrophoresis in a sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel at a molecular weight of approximately 30,000. No protein was radiolabeled when the natural substrate, t,t-farnesyl pyrophosphate was included in the irradiation mixture. Irradiation in the presence of MgCl2 without isopentenyl pyrophosphate gave less labeling of the polypeptide. Irradiation with only isopentenyl pyrophosphate gave little labeling of the polypeptide. When the enzyme was irradiated with 3H-photoprobe, [14C]isopentenyl pyrophosphate, and MgCl2, the labeled polypeptide gave a ratio of 14C/3H that indicated the product must also bind to the enzyme on irradiation. These results demonstrate the ability to radiolabel the allylic pyrophosphate binding site and possibly product binding site of undecaprenyl pyrophosphate synthetase by a process which is favored when both cosubstrate and divalent cation are present. PMID- 3897218 TI - Biochemical characterization of a paraquat-tolerant mutant of Escherichia coli. AB - The biochemical basis for paraquat tolerance was investigated using one of the paraquat-resistant Escherichia coli mutants previously isolated. When grown in the absence of paraquat (PQ2+), the specific activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and NADPH:PQ2+-diaphorase, both required for the expression of PQ2+ toxicity, were comparable in the wild type and the mutant. However, growth in the presence of 1 mM PQ2+ resulted in greater induction of these two enzymes in the wild type than in the mutant. Nevertheless, when the mutant was grown in 50 mM PQ2+, the activities of these two enzymes were comparable to those of the wild type grown in the presence of 1 mM PQ2+. Measurement of cyanide-resistant respiration, an indication of intracellular superoxide generation, showed that the intracellular flux of superoxide mediated by subsaturating concentrations of paraquat was significantly lower in the mutant than in the wild type. Extracellular superoxide formation, as measured by superoxide dismutase inhibitable cytochrome c reduction, was higher in the wild type than in the mutant whether grown in the absence or the presence of PQ2+. The mutant did not show cross-resistance toward juglone or plumbagin, compounds known to exacerbate superoxide generation. The kinetics of [14C]PQ2+ uptake showed that the wild type accumulated PQ2+ against a concentration gradient, whereas the mutant seemed to do so only by facilitated diffusion. The results indicate that the impaired paraquat uptake system in the mutant results in the physiological and biochemical differences observed between the wild type and mutant. PMID- 3897219 TI - Verification by mass spectrometry of the primary structure of human interleukin 2. AB - Proteolytic digests of interleukin-2 from a human leukemic T-cell line produced by Escherichia coli carrying a recombinant DNA were analyzed by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. The mass values of intense signals observed in the mass spectrum were consistent with peptides predicted from the nucleotide sequence of cDNA for human interleukin-2, an indication that the protein with the predicted amino acid sequence was produced by E. coli. BrCN and proteolytic digests of interleukin-2 obtained from cultured cells were also examined by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. The observed mass values were identical with those from interleukin-2 from E. coli except for that of the NH2-terminal sequence, in which the Thr residue at position 3 was bound to a sugar moiety. The mass spectra of the digests of the two interleukin-2 preparations and synthetic peptides with sequences from 117 to 128 and 121 to 128 predicted from the nucleotide sequence of cDNA for a human interleukin-2 indicated that Cys residues at positions 58 and 105 are linked by a disulfide bond and that the Cys residue at position 125 is free. PMID- 3897220 TI - Interconversion of tight and loose couple 50 S ribosomes and translocation in protein synthesis. AB - On incubation of 50 S ribosomes, isolated from either tight couple (TC) or loose couple (LC) 70 S ribosomes, with elongation factor G (EG-G) and guanosine 5' triphosphate, a mixture of TC and LC 50 S ribosomes is formed. There is almost complete conversion of LC 50 S ribosomes to TC 50 S ribosomes on treatment with EF-G, GTP, and fusidic acid. Similarly, TC 50 S ribosomes are converted to LC 50 S ribosomes, although partially, by treatment with EF-G and a GTP analogue like guanyl-5'-yl methylenediphosphate (GMP-P(CH2)P) or guanyl-5'-yl imidodiphosphate (GMP-P(NH)P) and including a polymer of 5'-uridylic acid (poly(U] in the incubation mixture. Furthermore, LC 23 S RNA isolated from LC 50 S ribosomes is converted to TC 23 S RNA on heat treatment, but similar treatment does not affect TC 23 S RNA. The interconversion was followed by several physical and biological characteristics of TC and LC 50 S ribosomes, like association capacities with 30 S ribosomes before and after kethoxal treatment, susceptibility to RNase I and polyphenylalanine-synthesizing capacity in association with 30 S ribosomes, as well as thermal denaturation profiles, circular dichroic spectra, and association capacity of isolated 23 S RNAs. These data strongly support the proposition that TC and LC 50 S ribosomes are the products of translocation during protein synthesis. The conformational change of 23 S RNA induced by EF-G and GTP is most probably responsible for the interconversion, and L7/L12 proteins play an important role in the process. A two-site model based on kethoxal data has also been proposed to explain the tightness and looseness of 70 S couples. PMID- 3897221 TI - The somatostatin-28 convertase of rat brain cortex is associated with secretory granule membranes. AB - An Arg-Lys esteropeptidase that converts somatostatin-28 in vitro into somatostatin-14 was previously characterized in extracts of rat cerebral cortex. Both the octacosapeptide somatostatin-28 and a synthetic undecapeptide containing the sequence around the Arg-Lys site, i.e. Peptide I: Pro-Arg-Glu-Arg-Lys-Ala-Gly Ala-Lys-Asn-125 I-Tyr (NH2), were used as substrates. We demonstrate that the converting activity is associated with neurosecretory granule fractions prepared from both cortical and hypothalamic tissue. This activity co-sediments with ghosts obtained from intact vesicles by osmotic shock. After solubilization either by mild ionic strength or sonication of vesicle membranes, the converting activity appears to possess properties indistinguishable from the convertase prepared directly from unfractionated tissue. It cleaves Peptide I to Ala-Gly-Ala Lys-Asn-125I-Tyr (NH2) (Peptide II) and generates both the NH2- and COOH-terminal fragments of somatostatin-28, i.e. somatostatin-28 (1-12) and somatostatin-14, when the octacosapeptide is used as substrate. The selectivity appears to be strict and to depend upon the sequence around the Arg-Lys pair, as inferred from competition studies conducted with structural analogs possessing either an Arg Lys or Arg-Arg doublet. It is concluded that this convertase could represent the enzyme system involved in the in vivo production of both the dodeca and tetradeca peptides from their common somatostatin-28 precursor. PMID- 3897222 TI - Compensatory phosphorylation of isocitrate dehydrogenase. A mechanism for adaptation to the intracellular environment. AB - When Escherichia coli grows on acetate, the flow of isocitrate through the glyoxylate bypass is regulated, in part, through the phosphorylation of isocitrate dehydrogenase. In addition to its role in adaptation to alternative carbon sources, this phosphorylation system responds to variation in the intracellular level of isocitrate dehydrogenase. This system can compensate for changes in the cellular level of isocitrate dehydrogenase in excess of 10-fold, maintaining a nearly constant activity for isocitrate dehydrogenase during growth on acetate. The behavior of the phosphorylation system exhibited considerable strain-specific variation. This was most clearly demonstrated using mutants which lacked the ability to phosphorylate isocitrate dehydrogenase. In two strains, mutation of the gene for isocitrate dehydrogenase kinase/phosphatase rendered the cells unable to grow on acetate. In contrast, a third strain was relatively insensitive to a mutation in this gene. This lack of phenotypic expression appears to result from a lower cellular level of isocitrate dehydrogenase in this strain which renders the phosphorylation (and consequent inhibition) of isocitrate dehydrogenase less essential. The gene for isocitrate dehydrogenase kinase/phosphatase (aceK) was located in the glyoxylate bypass operon, downstream from the genes for isocitrate lyase and malate synthase. PMID- 3897223 TI - In vitro expression of the intron-containing gene for T4 phage thymidylate synthase. AB - The mechanism of expression of the structural gene (td) of T4 phage thymidylate synthase, which contains a 1,017-base pair intron, was studied by employing a coupled transcription-translation system with a td containing recombinant plasmid (pKTd2) as template. The [3H]leucine-labeled protein products synthesized in this system were treated with antibody to the synthase and the resulting immunoprecipitate was subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Two labeled polypeptides were obtained, one with an Mr of 32,000 and the other with an Mr of 25,000. The former corresponds in molecular weight to a subunit of T4-thymidylate synthase and the other to the 183-amino acid peptide encoded by exon I, the 5'-end of the interrupted td gene. When pKTd2 restricted in exon I was used as a template, labeled immunopeptides were not detected but, when restricted in the intron region or in exon II, only the 25,000 Mr exon I product was obtained. Both peptides (Mr = 25,000 and 32,000) were synthesized when the gene was restricted downstream to exon II. Active enzyme, as measured by the tritium release assay, was shown to form about 6 min after the td gene was added to the in vitro protein synthesizing system, and followed the appearance of mature mRNA, as evidenced by S1 nuclease protection studies. The enzyme increased linearly for another 14 min in conjunction with the appearance of the Mr = 32,000 immunopeptide. The exon I product, however, preceded the Mr = 32,000 peptide, indicating that a post-transcriptional processing event may be required for mature mRNA to be formed. Measurement of the RNA products from the td gene in a transcriptional system, with labeled probes from specific regions of the td gene, provided evidence in support of an RNA processing mechanism involving intron excision and exon splicing. PMID- 3897224 TI - Suppression of a thioesterase gene expression and the disappearance of short chain fatty acids in the preen gland of the mallard duck during eclipse, the period following postnuptial molt. AB - Wax esters of short chain acids (monomethyl-C6) constitute the major products of the uropygial gland of mallard ducks. During eclipse, the period (June and July) immediately following postnuptial molt, the production of short chain acyl groups is severely curtailed and longer chain acyl groups become the dominant components; after this period the composition reverts. These changes in composition were accompanied by corresponding changes in the level of S-acyl fatty acid synthase thioesterase activity, and the level of the immunologically detectable amount of this enzyme. In vitro translation of the poly(A)+ RNA from the gland produced a 30-kDa protein which cross-reacted with rabbit antibodies prepared against this enzyme. The level of translatable mRNA for the thioesterase in the gland dramatically decreased as the birds went into eclipse and all of these changes reverted when the eclipse period was over. These results strongly suggest that the thioesterase is involved in the production of the short chain fatty acids in vivo and that during eclipse the expression of the thioesterase gene is suppressed. PMID- 3897225 TI - Purification and characterization of a periplasmic oligopeptide binding protein from Escherichia coli. AB - We have purified and characterized an oligopeptide binding protein released from the periplasm of Escherichia coli W by mild osmotic shock. The purified protein was greater than 97% homogeneous as determined by either sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (Mr = 60,000) or isoelectric focusing (pI = 5.95). The binding protein has a Stokes radius of 30 A and a sedimentation coefficient (s(0)20,w) of 4.6 S. Based on these hydrodynamic studies, the native protein has a molecular weight of 56,000. The tripeptide, Ala-Phe-[3H]Gly, which is transported via the shock-sensitive sensitive oligopeptide permease, binds to the purified protein in dilute solution with a Kd of 0.1 microM and a stoichiometry of approximately 1 to 1. Results from this study support the hypothesis that this periplasmic oligopeptide binding protein functions in the initial recognition of peptide substrates for the oligopeptide permease system. PMID- 3897226 TI - Generation of xenopsin-related peptides during acid extraction of gastric tissues. AB - Biologically active xenopsin-related peptide(s) were shown by radioimmunoassay to be liberated in nearly micromolar concentrations from substrate(s) with Mr greater than 70,000 during acid extraction of mammalian and avian stomach. The reaction displayed an enzyme-like temperature sensitivity, had a pH optimum of 2, and was fully inhibited in the presence of pepstatin A. Treatment of a stabilized gastric substrate with hog pepsin was found to mimic the reaction, producing immunoreactive xenopsin(s) which behaved similarly during high pressure liquid chromatography. Although some of the generated immunoreactivity co chromatographed with xenopsin, it differed immunochemically when examined with a battery of region-specific antisera. Highly purified rat gastric immunoreactive xenopsin displayed xenopsin-like biologic effects, producing hypotension in the anesthetized rat and contracting the isolated guinea pig ileum. These findings suggest that there may be a renin/angiotensin-like system for the generation of xenopsin-related peptides in the stomach. PMID- 3897227 TI - Reconstitution of the Ubiquinone-dependent pyruvate oxidase system of Escherichia coli with the cytochrome o terminal oxidase complex. AB - The aerobic respiratory chain of Escherichia coli is branched and contains two terminal oxidases. The chain predominant when the cells are grown with low aeration terminates with the cytochrome d terminal oxidase complex, and the branch present under high aeration ends with the cytochrome o terminal oxidase complex. Previous work has shown that cytochrome d complex functions as a ubiquinol-8 oxidase, and that a minimal respiratory chain can be reconstituted in proteoliposomes with a flavoprotein dehydrogenase (pyruvate oxidase), ubiquinone 8, and the cytochrome d complex. This paper demonstrates that the cytochrome o complex functions as an efficient ubiquinol-8 oxidase in reconstituted proteoliposomes, and that ubiquinone-8 serves as an electron carrier from the flavoprotein to the cytochrome complex. The maximal turnover (per cytochrome o) achieved in reconstituted proteoliposomes is at least as fast as observed in E. coli membrane preparations. Electron flow from the flavoprotein to oxygen in the reconstituted proteoliposomes generates a transmembrane potential of at least 120 mV, negative inside, which is sensitive to ionophore uncouplers and inhibitors of the terminal oxidase. These data demonstrate the minimal composition of this respiratory chain as a flavoprotein dehydrogenase, ubiquinone-8, and the cytochrome o complex. Previous models have suggested that cytochrome b556, also a component of the E. coli inner membrane, is required for electron flow to cytochrome o. This is apparently not the case. It now is clear that both of the E. coli terminal oxidases act as ubiquinol-8 oxidases and, thus, ubiquinone-8 is the branch point between the two respiratory chains. PMID- 3897228 TI - Intermolecular hydrogen transfer catalyzed by a flavodehydrogenase, bakers' yeast flavocytochrome b2. AB - Bakers' yeast flavocytochrome b2 is a flavin-dependent L-2-hydroxy acid dehydrogenase which also exhibits transhydrogenase activity. When a reaction takes place between [2-3H]lactate and a halogenopyruvate, tritium is found in water and at the halogenolactate C2 position. When the halogenopyruvate undergoes halide ion elimination, tritium is also found at the C3 position of the resulting pyruvate. The amount tau of this intermolecular tritium transfer depends on the initial keto acid-acceptor concentration. At infinite acceptor concentration, extrapolation yields a maximal transfer of 97 +/- 11%. This indicates that the hydroxy acid-derived hydrogen resides transiently on enzyme monoprotic heteroatoms and that exchange with bulk solvent occurs only at the level of free reduced enzyme. Using a minimal kinetic scheme, the rate constant for hydrogen exchange between Ered and solvent is calculated to be on the order of 10(2) M-1 S 1, which leads to an estimated pK approximately equal to 15 for the ionization of the substrate-derived proton while on the enzyme. It is suggested that this hydrogen could be shared between the active site base and Flred N5 anion. It is furthermore shown that some tritium is incorporated into the products when the transhydrogenation is carried out in tritiated water. Finally, with [2-2H]lactate reduced enzyme, a deuterium isotope effect is observed on the rate of bromopyruvate disappearance. Extrapolation to infinite bromopyruvate concentration yields DV = 4.4. An apparent inverse isotope effect is determined for bromide ion elimination. These results strengthen the idea that oxidoreduction and elimination pathways involve a common carbanionic intermediate. PMID- 3897229 TI - Phosvitins in Fundulus oocytes and eggs. Preliminary chromatographic and electrophoretic analyses together with biological considerations. AB - Vitellogenin serves as the plasma precursor for the yolk proteins, lipovitellin and phosvitin, in nonmammalian vertebrates. 32P-Vitellogenin was isolated from the plasma of the teleost, Fundulus heteroclitus, and was used both to label phosvitin in the ovary and to indicate the phosvitin region in preparative chromatographs of ovarian extracts on DEAE-cellulose. Crude [32P]phosvitin could be resolved further into two labeled components with shallow gradients on DEAE cellulose and into eight labeled components by electrophoresis on 12% polyacrylamide gels. Only the two largest electrophoretically resolved components could be correlated with Coomassie Blue staining bands, but several of the smaller components could be indicated with the cationic carbocyanine dye, Stains all. Stains-all-dyed components were also generally indicated as multiple bands. The ovary of a reproductively active female contains vitellogenic oocytes, postvitellogenic oocytes undergoing maturation prior to ovulation, and ovulated eggs. Examination of various types of follicles and eggs on polyacrylamide gels revealed that during maturation, the largest phosvitin components formed during vitellogenesis either disappear or diminish, while smaller phosvitin components appear. The transformation of phosvitin components can also be achieved in vitro by incubating prematurational follicles in a saline medium containing deoxycorticosterone. These preliminary results demonstrate that a complex array of phosvitin-like components are present within a single ovary of F. heteroclitus. We also postulate that one reason for the anomalous yolk proteins generally found thus far in teleost eggs is that some of the proteins derived from vitellogenin during vitellogenesis undergo further proteolysis during oocyte maturation. PMID- 3897230 TI - Characterization of the calmodulin-binding and catalytic domains in skeletal muscle myosin light chain kinase. AB - Limited proteolysis has been utilized to study the structural organization of rabbit skeletal muscle myosin light chain kinase. The enzyme (Mr approximately 89,000 by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) consists of an amino-terminal, protease-susceptible region of unidentified function and a carboxyl-terminal, protease-resistant region of Mr approximately 40,000 containing the catalytic and calmodulin-binding domains. Partial digestion with trypsin produced an intermediate 56,000-dalton fragment and a stable 38,000 dalton fragment, both of which were catalytically active and calmodulin dependent. Chymotryptic digestion yielded three catalytically active fragments of about 37,000, 36,000, and 35,000 daltons. The Mr = 37,000 fragment was calmodulin dependent with an apparent affinity equivalent to that of the native enzyme (approximately 1 nM). The 36,000-dalton fragment was also calmodulin-dependent but had a approximately 200-fold lower apparent affinity. The Mr = 35,000 fragment was calmodulin-independent. These three chymotryptic fragments, had identical amino termini. Nineteen residues were missing from the carboxyl terminus of the calmodulin-independent chymotryptic fragment whereas only 8 or 9 carboxyl-terminal residues were missing from the calmodulin-dependent tryptic fragments. These results suggest that the 11-residue sequence (IAVSAANRFKK) in the carboxyl-terminal region of myosin light chain kinase contributes directly to the binding of calmodulin. This conclusion is in accord with data (Blumenthal, D. K., Takio, K., Edelman, A. M., Charbonneau, H., Titani, K., Walsh, K. A., and Krebs, E. G. (1985) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 82, 3187-3191) that the carboxyl-terminal, 27-residue CNBr peptide of the native enzyme shows Ca2+ dependent, high affinity binding to calmodulin and that similar calmodulin binding activity, although detectable in unfractionated CNBr digests of calmodulin-dependent enzyme forms, is much reduced in a CNBr digest of the calmodulin-independent, Mr = 35,000 chymotryptic fragment. PMID- 3897231 TI - Insulin and phorbol ester stimulate phosphorylation of a 40-kDa protein in adipocyte plasma membranes. AB - Several substrates of endogenous Ca2+- and phospholipid-sensitive protein kinase have been identified in plasma membranes and cytosol from rat adipocytes. Specifically, Ca2+ stimulates phosphorylation of a 40-kDa protein in isolated plasma membranes, an effect which is further enhanced by the addition of the phorbol ester tetradecanoylphorbol acetate and phospholipase C. The 40-kDa phosphoprotein is also present in the cytosol, and its phosphorylation is stimulated in a Ca2+-dependent manner by phosphatidylserine, diacylglycerol, and phorbol ester. Direct addition of insulin to adipocyte plasma membranes stimulates phosphorylation of the 40-kDa protein in a concentration-dependent manner. Maximal stimulation was observed at 10(-8) M insulin. At 6.7 X 10(-8) M insulin, phosphorylation of the 40-kDa protein was stimulated by 68 +/- 9% (n = 6). Addition of phorbol ester (1, 10, and 100 ng/ml) plus insulin further enhanced the phosphorylation (286 +/- 39, n = 3; 350 +/- 65, n = 4; and 323 +/- 42%, n = 5, stimulation, respectively). Analysis of the 40-kDa phosphoprotein by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that incubations containing no additions, insulin, and/or phorbol ester all resulted in the generation of a single and apparently identical phosphorylated 40-kDa species. These studies indicate that insulin and Ca2+- and phospholipid-dependent protein kinase stimulate phosphorylation of a 40-kDa protein in adipocyte plasma membranes. PMID- 3897232 TI - Acetyl coenzyme A: alpha-glucosaminide N-acetyltransferase. Evidence for a transmembrane acetylation mechanism. AB - The lysosomal membrane enzyme acetyl-CoA: alpha-glucosaminide N-acetyltransferase catalyzes the transfer of an acetyl group from acetyl-CoA to terminal alpha linked glucosamine residues of heparan sulfate. The reaction mechanism was examined using highly purified lysosomal membranes from rat liver. The reaction was followed by measuring the acetylation of a monosaccharide acetyl acceptor, glucosamine. The enzyme reaction was optimal above pH 5.5, and a 2-3-fold stimulation of activity was observed when the membranes were assayed in the presence of 0.1% taurodeoxycholate. Double reciprocal analysis and product inhibition studies indicated that the enzyme works by a Di-Iso Ping Pong Bi Bi mechanism. Further evidence to support this mechanism was provided by characterization of the enzyme half-reactions. Membranes incubated with acetyl CoA and [3H]CoA were found to produce acetyl-[3H]CoA. This exchange was optimal at pH values above 7.0. Treating membranes with [3H] acetyl-CoA resulted in the formation of an acetyl-enzyme intermediate. The acetyl group could then be transferred to glucosamine, forming [3H]N-acetylglucosamine. The transfer of the acetyl group from the enzyme to glucosamine was optimal between pH 4 and 5. The results suggest that acetyl-CoA does not cross the lysosomal membrane. Instead, the enzyme is acetylated on the cytoplasmic side of the lysosome and the acetyl group is then transferred to the inside where it is used to acetylate heparan sulfate. PMID- 3897233 TI - A collaborative study of a preparation of normal human serum for use as a reference in the assay of beta 2 microglobulin. AB - A biological standard for beta 2 microglobulin (beta 2m) determination has been prepared from pooled human serum by sampling and freeze-drying. A preliminary study of parallelism between the dose-response curves of the preparation and pure beta 2m or biological fluids was made with four different methods of assay and gave satisfactory results. In a collaborative study in five laboratories in five countries using a common method of assay, evidence was obtained that the preparation coded 80-12-3200 was suitable to serve as a standard for the assay of beta 2 microglobulin. Criteria included the constancy of the amount of material per vial and the stability of the freeze-dried product. The technique used for beta 2m determination was a radioimmunoassay. PMID- 3897234 TI - A rapid quantitative microtest for live, attenuated rabies vaccine. AB - A rapid fluorescent antigen test (RFAT) was developed in microplates to evaluate quantitatively attenuated, live rabies vaccine, ERA strain, at different stages of vaccine manufacture. This technique is based on the principle of the rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test (RFFIT). Several samples of bulk rabies vaccine (ERA strain) were tested in parallel using the RFAT and the mouse lethal dose 50 (M-LD50) test, the method currently used to evaluate vaccine potency. Although the two tests were found to be comparable in sensitivity the RFAT is of significant benefit in terms of simplicity and rapidity for potency evaluation during vaccine manufacture. PMID- 3897235 TI - Consanguinity and social change: an isonymic study of a French peasant population, 1870-1979. PMID- 3897236 TI - The ruptured intervertebral disc. Follow-up report on the first case fifty years after recognition of the syndrome and its surgical significance. PMID- 3897237 TI - Computed tomographic documentation of intra-articular penetration of a screw after operations on the shoulder. A report of two cases. PMID- 3897238 TI - Streptococcal gangrene mimicking a compartment syndrome. A case report. PMID- 3897239 TI - Evaluation of non-invasive arteriography in the surgical treatment of abdominal aneurysms. AB - The accuracy of information on abdominal aneurysms for surgical procedure was evaluated and a comparison was made between aortography and combinations with transvenous aortography and non-invasive diagnostic methods such as radionuclide angiography, ultrasonography and computerized tomography in 33 clinical cases who were diagnosed as abdominal aneurysms by physical examination. Combined examinations provided reliable information on the extent of aneurysm, the relationship of renal and common iliac arteries, mural thrombi, patency of distal arteries and the relationship with surrounding organs, and were superior to that provided by aortography alone. PMID- 3897240 TI - The International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery. List of members. June 1, 1985. PMID- 3897241 TI - Expression of cell-adhesion molecules in embryonic induction. I. Morphogenesis of nestling feathers. AB - The potential relationship of cell adhesion to embryonic induction during feather formation was examined by immunohistochemical analysis of the spatiotemporal distribution of three cell-adhesion molecules (CAMs), neural CAM (N-CAM), liver CAM (L-CAM), and neuron-glia CAM (Ng-CAM), and of substrate molecules (laminin and fibronectin) in embryonic chicken skin. The N-CAM found at sites of embryonic induction in the feather was found to be similar to brain N-CAM as judged by immuno-cross-reactivity, migratory position in PAGE, and the presence of embryonic to adult conversion. In contrast to the N-CAM found in the brain, however, only one polypeptide of Mr 140,000 was seen. N-CAM-positive dermal condensations were distributed periodically under L-CAM-positive feather placodes at those sites where basement membranes are known to be disrupted. After initiation of induction, L-CAM-positive placode cells became transiently N-CAM positive. N-CAM was asymmetrically concentrated in the dorsal region of the feather bud, while fibronectin was concentrated in the ventral region. During feather follicle formation, N-CAM was expressed in the dermal papilla and was closely apposed to the L-CAM-positive papillar ectoderm, while the dermal papilla showed no evidence of laminin or fibronectin. The collar epithelium was both N CAM- and L-CAM-positive. During the formation of the feather filament, N-CAM appeared periodically and asymmetrically on basilar cells located in the valleys between adjacent barb ridges. In contrast to the two primary CAMs, Ng-CAM was found only on nerves supplying the feather and the skin. These studies indicate that at each site of induction during feather morphogenesis, a general pattern is repeated in which an epithelial structure linked by L-CAM is confronted with periodically propagating condensations of cells linked by N-CAM. PMID- 3897242 TI - Expression of cell-adhesion molecules in embryonic induction. II. Morphogenesis of adult feathers. AB - The developmental appearance of cell-adhesion molecules (CAMs) was mapped during the morphogenesis of the adult chicken feather. Neural CAM (N-CAM), liver CAM (L CAM), and neuron-glia CAM (Ng-CAM), as well as substrate molecules (laminin and fibronectin), were compared in newborn chicken skin by immunohistochemical means. N-CAM was found to be enriched in the dermal papilla, which was closely apposed to L-CAM-positive papillar ectoderm. The two CAMs were then co-expressed in cells of the collar epithelium. Subsequently generated barb epithelia expressed only L CAM, but N-CAM reappeared periodically on cells between developing barbs and barbules. N-CAM first appeared on a single L-CAM-positive basilar cell located in each valley flanked by two adjacent barb ridges. Subsequently, the expression of N-CAM extended one cell after another to include the whole basilar layer. N-CAM also appeared in the L-CAM-positive axial-plate epithelia, beginning in a single cell located at the ridge base. The two collectives of N-CAM-positive epithelia constituting the marginal and axial plates then disintegrated, leaving interdigitating spaces between keratinized structures that had previously expressed L-CAM. The morphological transformation from an epithelial cylinder to a three-level branched feather pattern is thus achieved by coupling alternating CAM expression in linked cell collectives with specific differentiation events, such as keratinization. During all of these morphogenetic processes, laminin and fibronectin formed a continuous basement membrane separating pulp from feather epithelia, and were excluded from the sites involved in periodic appearances of N CAM. The same staining pattern described for developing chickens persisted in the feather follicles of adult chicken tissue that have gone through several cycles of molting. Cyclic expression of the two different CAMs underlies each of the different morphological events that are generated epigenetically during feather morphogenesis. PMID- 3897243 TI - Axial arrangement of the myosin rod in vertebrate thick filaments: immunoelectron microscopy with a monoclonal antibody to light meromyosin. AB - A monoclonal antibody, MF20, which has been shown previously to bind the myosin heavy chain of vertebrate striated muscle, has been proven to bind the light meromyosin (LMM) fragment by solid phase radioimmune assay with alpha chymotryptic digests of purified myosin. Epitope mapping by electron microscopy of rotary-shadowed, myosin-antibody complexes has localized the antibody binding site to LMM at a point approximately 92 nm from the C-terminus of the myosin heavy chain. Since this epitope in native thick filaments is accessible to monoclonal antibodies, we used this antibody as a high affinity ligand to analyze the packing of LMM along the backbone of the thick filament. By immunofluorescence microscopy, MF20 was shown to bind along the entire A-band of chicken pectoralis myofibrils, although the epitope accessibility was greater near the ends than at the center of the A-bands. Thin-section, transmission electron microscopy of myofibrils decorated with MF20 revealed 50 regularly spaced, cross-striations in each half A-band, with a repeat distance of approximately 13 nm. These were numbered consecutively, 1-50, from the A-band to the last stripe, approximately 68 nm from the filament tips. These same striations could be visualized by negative staining of native thick filaments labeled with MF20. All 50 striations were of a consecutive, uninterrupted repeat which approximated the 14-15-nm axial translation of cross-bridges. Each half M region contained five MF20 striations (approximately 13 nm apart) with a distance between stripes 1 and 1', on each half of the bare zone, of approximately 18 nm. This is compatible with a packing model with full, antiparallel overlap of the myosin rods in the bare zone region. Differences in the spacings measured with negatively stained myofilaments and thin-sectioned myofibrils have been shown to arise from specimen shrinkage in the fixed and embedded preparations. These observations provide strong support for Huxley's original proposal for myosin packing in thick filaments of vertebrate muscle (Huxley, H. E., 1963, J. Mol. Biol., 7:281-308) and, for the first time, directly demonstrate that the 14-15-nm axial translation of LMM in the thick filament backbone corresponds to the cross bridge repeat detected with x-ray diffraction of living muscle. PMID- 3897244 TI - Fractionation and initial characterization of the kinetochore from mammalian metaphase chromosomes. AB - We have partially isolated the kinetochore and associated centromeric structures from mammalian metaphase chromosomes. Human autoantibodies from scleroderma CREST (calcinosis, Raynaud's phenomenon, esophageal dysmotility, sclerodactyly, telangiectasia) patients were used as immunofluorescent probes to monitor fractionation. The procedure includes digestion of total chromosomal DNA with micrococcal nuclease, dehistonization with heparin, and dissociation of the remaining material with detergent and urea. We used a density gradient (metrizamide) to obtain an enriched fraction of stained material (kinetochore). When examined by electron microscopy, the kinetochore fraction is seen to contain numerous small immunoperoxidase-positive masses which are morphologically similar to the centromere/kinetochore region of intact metaphase chromosomes. The particulate fraction that contains kinetochore components represents less than 5% of total chromosomal proteins and contains less than 1% of total DNA. Two polypeptides of 18 and 80 kD were identified as kinetochore antigens by immunoblotting with CREST antiserum. In this paper we discuss the distribution of these kinetochore polypeptides with the associated centromeric chromatin. PMID- 3897245 TI - Galactocerebroside is expressed by non-myelin-forming Schwann cells in situ. AB - Interest in the glycosphingolipid galactocerebroside (GC) is based on the consensus that in the nervous system it is expressed only by myelin-forming Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes, and that it has a specific role in the elaboration of myelin sheaths. We have investigated GC distribution in two rat nerves--the sciatic, containing a mixture of myelinated and non-myelinated axons, and the cervical sympathetic trunk, in which greater than 99% of axons are non myelinated. Immunohistochemical experiments using mono- and polyclonal GC antibodies were carried out on teased nerves and cultured Schwann cells, and GC synthesis was assayed biochemically. Unexpectedly, we found that mature non myelin-forming Schwann cells in situ and in short-term cultures express unambiguous GC immunoreactivity, comparable in intensity to that of myelinated fibers or myelin-forming cells in short-term cultures. GC synthesis was also detected in both sympathetic trunks and sciatic nerves. In the developing sympathetic trunk, GC was first seen at day 19 in utero, the number of GC positive cells rising to approximately 95% at postnatal day 10. In contrast, the time course of GC appearance in the sciatic nerve shows two separate phases of increase, between day 18 in utero and postnatal day 1, and between postnatal days 20 and 35, at which stage approximately 94% of the cells express GC. These time courses suggest that Schwann cells, irrespective of subsequent differentiation pathway, start expressing GC at about the same time as cell division stops. We suggest that GC is a ubiquitous component of mature Schwann cell membranes in situ. Therefore, the role of GC needs to be reevaluated, since its function is clearly not restricted to events involved in myelination. PMID- 3897246 TI - Involvement of a particular species of beta-tubulin (beta 3) in conidial development in Aspergillus nidulans. AB - Strains of Aspergillus containing the benA22 mutation are resistant to benomyl for vegetative growth but do not produce conidia. To test whether conidiation involved an additional benomyl-sensitive tubulin (i.e., was mediated by a tubulin other than the tubulins coded for by the benA locus), a collection of mutants was produced that formed conidia in the presence of benomyl, i.e., were conidiation resistant (CR-) mutants. We analyzed the tubulins of these CR- mutants using two dimensional gel electrophoresis and found that the mutants lacked one species of beta-tubulin (designated beta 3). We have examined two of these mutants in detail. In crosses with strains containing wild-type tubulins, we found that the absence of the beta 3-tubulin co-segregated perfectly with the CR- phenotype. In diploids containing both the benA22 and CR- mutations, we found that the CR- phenotype was recessive and that beta 3-tubulin was present on two-dimensional gels of tubulins prepared from these diploids. In another set of crosses, these two CR- strains and seven others were first made auxotrophic for uridine and then crossed against strains that had homologously integrated a plasmid containing an incomplete internal fragment of the beta 3-tubulin gene and the pyr4 gene of Neurospora crassa (which confers uridine prototrophy on transformants). If the CR phenotype were produced by a mutation in a gene distinct from the structural gene for beta 3-tubulin (designated the tubC gene), then crossing over should have produced some CR+ segregants among the uridine auxotrophic progeny of the second cross. All of the uridine auxotrophs from this type of cross, however, showed the CR- phenotype, suggesting that the mutation in these strains is at or closely linked to the tubC locus. The most obvious explanation of these results is that beta 3-tubulin is ordinarily used during conidiation and the presence of this species of beta-tubulin renders conidiation sensitive to benomyl. In the CR- mutants, beta 3-tubulin is absent, and in the presence of the benA22 mutation the benomyl-resistant beta 1-and/or beta 2-tubulin substitutes for beta 3 to make conidiation benomyl resistant. We discuss these results and give two models to explain the interactions between these beta-tubulin species. PMID- 3897247 TI - Identification and functional analysis of beta-tubulin genes by site specific integrative transformation in Aspergillus nidulans. AB - We have cloned two different beta-tubulin sequences from the filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans. Each was used in the construction of transforming plasmids that carry the pyr4 gene of Neurospora crassa. We used these plasmids to transform a pyrG-strain of Aspergillus to uridine prototrophy. Both plasmids were shown to integrate site specifically into the homologous chromosomal sequences. We then used transformant strains in genetic crosses to demonstrate that one of the cloned beta-tubulin sequences was the benA beta-tubulin gene, which codes for the beta 1-and beta 2-tubulins. The other cloned beta-tubulin sequence was shown to be the structural gene for beta 3-tubulin by gene disruption and to participate in conidial development. This is the first report of a gene disruption by site specific, integrative recombination in Aspergillus nidulans. PMID- 3897248 TI - An integral glycoprotein associated with the membrane attachment sites of actin microfilaments. AB - An integral membrane protein associated with sites of microfilament-membrane attachment has been identified by a newly developed IgG1 monoclonal antibody. This antibody, MAb 30B6, was derived from hybridoma fusion experiments using intact mitotic cells of chick embryo fibroblasts as the immunization vehicle as well as the screening probe for cell surface antigens. In immunofluorescent experiments with fixed cells, MAb 30B6 surface labeling is uniquely correlated with microfilament distributions in the cleavage furrow region of dividing chick embryo fibroblasts and cardiac myocytes in culture. The MAb 30B6 antigen in addition is associated with microfilament-membrane attachment sites in interphase fibroblasts at the dorsal surface, the adhesion plaque region at the ventral surface, and at junction-like regions of cell-cell contact. It is also found co localized with the membrane-dense plaques of smooth muscle. The MAb 30B6 antigen is expressed in a wide number of chicken cell types (particularly smooth muscle cells, platelets, and endothelial cells), but not in erythrocytes. Some of the molecular characteristics of the MAb 30B6 antigen have been determined from immunoblotting, immunoaffinity chromatography, immunoprecipitation, cell extraction, and charge shift electrophoresis experiments. It is an integral sialoglycoprotein with an apparent molecular mass of 130 kD (reduced form)/107 kD (nonreduced form) in SDS PAGE. Another prominent glycoprotein species with an apparent molecular mass of 175 kD (reduced form)/165 kD (nonreduced form) in SDS PAGE is co-isolated on MAb 30B6 affinity columns, but appears to be antigenically distinct since it is not recognized by MAb 30B6 in immunoblotting or immunoprecipitation experiments. By virtue of its surface distributions relative to actin microfilaments and its integral protein character, we propose that the MAb 30B6 antigen is an excellent candidate for the function of directly or indirectly anchoring microfilaments to the membrane. PMID- 3897249 TI - Purification of the 300K intermediate filament-associated protein and its in vitro recombination with intermediate filaments. AB - IFAP-300K is a 300,000-mol-wt intermediate filament-associated protein previously identified in the baby hamster kidney fibroblastic cell line (BHK-21) by a monoclonal antibody (Yang H.-Y., N. Lieska, A. E. Goldman, and R. D. Goldman, 1985, J. Cell Biol., 100: 620-631). In the present study, this molecule was purified from the high salt/detergent-insoluble cytoskeletal preparation of these cells. Gel filtration on Sephacryl S-400 in the presence of 7.2 M urea allowed separation of the high molecular weight fraction from the structural intermediate filament (IF) subunits desmin and vimentin, designated 54K and 55K, respectively, and other low molecular weight polypeptides. DE-52 cellulose chromatography of the high molecular weight fraction using a linear NaCl gradient in 8 M urea yielded a pure 300,000-mol-wt species which was confirmed to be IFAP-300K by immunological and peptide mapping criteria. Two-dimensional PAGE of native BHK IF preparations followed by immunoblot analysis demonstrated the inability of the IFAP-300K-immunoreactive material to enter the first dimensional gel except as a 200,000-mol-wt doublet which presumably represented a major proteolytic derivative of IFAP-300K. The molecule's pl of 5.35, as determined by chromatofocusing, and its amino acid composition were extremely similar to those of BHK cell vimentin/desmin despite their non-identity. Ultrastructurally, IFAP 300K preparations in low salt buffers existed as particles composed of one or two elliptical units measuring 16 X 20 nm. In physiological salt buffers, the predominant entities were large, elongated aggregates of the elliptical units, which were able to be decorated by using the immunogold technique with monoclonal anti-IFAP-300K. Compared with the morphology of homopolymer vimentin IF, in vitro recombination studies using column-purified vimentin and IFAP-300K demonstrated the additional presence of aggregates similar in appearance to IFAP-300K at points of contact between IFs. Antibody decoration and immunogold labeling of these recombined preparations using rabbit antidesmin/vimentin and monoclonal anti-IFAP-300K confirmed the identity of the inter-filament, amorphous material as IFAP-300K. The presence of IFAP-300K at many points of intersection and lateral contact between IFs, as well as at apparent inter-filament "bridges," in these recombined specimens was identical to that seen both in situ and in native IF preparations. No such co-sedimentation was found in vitro between actin and IFAP-300K. No effects of IFAP-300K upon the kinetics of IF polymerization were detected by turbidimetric measurements. PMID- 3897251 TI - Increased turnover of surface insulin receptors in fibroblastic cultures from genetically diabetic (DB/DB) mice. AB - The turnover of surface insulin receptors in fibroblastic cultures from genetically diabetic (db/db) mice and nondiabetic (m/m) littermates has been determined by combining a heavy isotope density shift technique with cross linking of insulin to surface receptors. Our results indicate that the surface insulin receptors turn over faster in diabetic cells than in nondiabetic cells. In addition, fewer receptors are incorporated into the plasma membrane per hour in diabetic cells than in nondiabetic cells. It is possible to propose a model to account for the altered expression of surface insulin receptors in diabetic cells on the basis of abnormalities of receptor incorporation and turnover. PMID- 3897250 TI - Expression and intracellular transport of microvillus membrane hydrolases in human intestinal epithelial cells. AB - A panel of monoclonal antibodies was produced against purified microvillus membranes of human small intestinal enterocytes. By means of these probes three disaccharidases (sucrase-isomaltase, lactase-phlorizin hydrolase, and maltase glucoamylase) and four peptidases (aminopeptidase N, dipeptidylpeptidase IV, angiotension I-converting enzyme, and p-aminobenzoic acid peptide hydrolase) were successfully identified as individual entities by SDS PAGE and localized in the microvillus border of the enterocytes by immunofluorescence microscopy. The antibodies were used to study the expression of small intestinal hydrolases in the colonic adenocarcinoma cell line Caco 2. This cell line was found to express sucrase-isomaltase, lactase-phlorizin hydrolase, aminopeptidase N, and dipeptidylpeptidase IV, but not the other three enzymes. Pulse-chase studies with [35S]methionine and analysis by subunit-specific monoclonal antibodies revealed that sucrase-isomaltase was synthesized and persisted as a single-chain protein comprising both subunits. Similarly, lactase-phlorizin hydrolase was synthesized as a large precursor about twice the size of the lactase subunits found in the human intestine. Aminopeptidase N and dipeptidylpeptidase IV, known to be dimeric enzymes in most mammals, were synthesized as monomers. Transport from the rough endoplasmic reticulum to the trans-Golgi apparatus was considerably faster for the peptidases than for the disaccharidases, as probed by endoglycosidase H sensitivity. These results suggest that the major disaccharidases share a common biosynthetic mechanism that differs from that for peptidases. Furthermore, the data indicate that the transport of microvillus membrane proteins to and through the Golgi apparatus is a selective process that may be mediated by transport receptors. PMID- 3897252 TI - Effect of microtubule-destroying drugs on the spreading and shape of cultured epithelial cells. AB - The role of microtubules in the spreading of cells from the liver-derived IAR2 rat cell line was studied. Cells in the control medium seeded on a flat isotropic glass surface rapidly spread to form discoid shapes. Spreading in colcemid containing medium was disorganized and delayed; partial reversal of spreading was observed. Nevertheless, even in the presence of colcemid the cells finally spread to discoid flattened shapes. IAR2 cells in medium without colcemid spread not to discoid but to elongated shapes under three different sets of conditions: (1) when the cells were forced to spread on narrow strips of adhesive glass surface between two non-adhesive lipid films; (2) when the cells spread on the poorly adhesive surface of poly(HEMA)-covered glass; (3) when the cells spread on the usual glass surfaces in medium containing cytochalasin D. Addition of colcemid to the media reversed the polarized spreading under the first two conditions; colcemid did not reverse the formation of the elongated cell shape acquired by the cells spreading in cytochalasin-containing medium. Effects of microtubule destroying drugs on the spreading of epithelial and fibroblast cells are compared and discussed. It is suggested that microtubules are essential for the stabilization of the spread state of those attached cytoplasmic processes and lamellae that do not have numerous and stable-cell substratum contacts, e.g. the processes formed at the early stages of spreading or the elongated processes of polarized cells. Possibly, microtubules stabilize the non-contracted state of the actin cytoskeleton in these processes. PMID- 3897253 TI - Blood-brain barrier and peptides. AB - The brain is both the source and the recipient of peptide signals. The question is: Do endogenous, blood-borne peptide molecules influence brain function? Brain regions with the tight capillaries of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) extract low but measurable amounts of labeled peptide molecules from an intracarotid bolus injection. In the rat, the extraction fractions of beta-casomorphin-5, DesGlyNH2 arginine-vasopressin, arginine-vasopressin, lysine-vasopressin, oxytocin, gonadoliberin, substance P, and beta-endorphin, studied in this laboratory, range from 0.5% (substance P) to 2.4% (arginine-vasopressin). Extraction varies little among the 15 examined brain regions. As shown for arginine-vasopressin, the extracted peptides may be bound in part to specific binding sites located on the luminal membrane of the tight endothelial cells. Transport of peptide molecules across the BBB cannot be ruled out, but it is unlikely that endogenous peptides pass the BBB in physiologically significant amounts. In contrast, in brain regions with leaky capillaries, e.g., selected circumventricular organs including the pineal gland, neurohypophysis, and choroid plexus, the peptide fraction extracted approaches that of water. Within the circumventricular organs, the peptide molecules actually reach the cellular elements of the tissue. However, no studies definitively show that peptides reach neurons in the deeper layers of the brain. On the other hand, blood-borne peptides influence the BBB permeability by altering the transport of essential substances. The effect may be mediated by specific peptide binding sites located at the luminal membrane of the endothelium. It is possible that the effect of peptides on the BBB is necessary for proper brain function.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3897254 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic separation of distinct epidermal cell derived cytokines. AB - High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is useful for the purification and separation of immunoregulatory cytokines, such as macrophage-derived interleukin 1 (IL 1). In addition to macrophages, epidermal cells also release a mediator, epidermal cell (EC) derived thymocyte-activating factor (ETAF), which cannot be separated from IL 1. Moreover, it has been shown recently that EC produce a distinct interleukin 3-like mast cell-activating factor (EC IL 3). This study was performed to investigate whether HPLC may be useful for the separation of EC derived cytokines, such as ETAF and EC IL 3. For factor production, a murine EC line (Pam 212) was used. ETAF activity was measured using the thymocyte costimulator assay. EC IL 3 was was determined by induction of the proliferative activity of an IL 3-dependent cell line (32 DCL). Using a TSK 125 size-exclusion column and phosphate-buffered saline (pH 7.2) as the mobile phase, ETAF was eluted with an apparent molecular weight of 17 kD, and EC IL 3 with a molecular weight of 28 kD. When EC supernatants were chromatofocused on a Mono P column, ETAF activity was eluted with apparent pI values of 6.8, 6.2 and 5.3, and EC IL 3 activity with pI 7.8, 7.4 and 7.1. When reversed-phase HPLC (RP-HPLC) (equilibration with water and a 0-100% concave acetonitrile gradient) was applied ETAF exhibited four distinct peaks, whereas EC IL 3 was eluted as one major peak between 70 and 80% acetonitrile. Separation on a Bio-Gel HPHT column with a sodium phosphate gradient was not satisfactory, but the recovery was high.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3897255 TI - Purification and peptide mapping of calmodulin and its chemically modified derivatives by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - Methods were developed for the isolation and peptide mapping of calmodulin and its chemically modified derivatives by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Calmodulin and its guanidinated, iodinated, and performic acid-oxidized derivatives can be isolated on alkylphenyl columns by using gradients of acetonitrile in 10 mM potassium phosphate, pH 6.0, 2 mM EGTA. Peptide mapping by HPLC, following complete digestion of the proteins with clostripain, allows identification of the modified amino acids residues. Clostripain peptides are eluted in the order 87-90, 75-86, 91-106, 107-126, 127 148, 107-148, 1-37, and 38-74. Performic acid oxidation of methionines decreases the retention times of the modified peptides, whereas iodination of tyrosines or guanidination of lysines increases retention times of modified peptides. These HPLC methods are applicable to the identification of specific modifications of calmodulin, allowing the assessment of the role of individual amino acid residues in determining the unique physical, chemical, and spectroscopic properties of this ubiquitous intracellular calcium-binding protein. PMID- 3897256 TI - Automated high-performance immunosorbent assay for recombinant leukocyte A interferon. AB - A rapid assay for recombinant leukocyte A interferon has been developed that includes a small immunosorbent column (Amicon glass column ca. 10 X 6 mm; i.e., ca. 0.5 ml), containing monoclonal antibody, immobilized on Nugel-polyhydroxy phase silica, 500 A, 200-400 mesh (Diagnostic Specialties, Metuchen, NJ, U.S.A.). The column has been automated so that the operator need only inject sample (0.25 ml) every 18 min (or one can use an automatic sample injector) and initiate the program cycle of the microprocessor. A hard-copy result from an integrator is available in less than 20 min. Routine analyses were performed at a flow-rate of 4 ml/min in the concentration range 0.02-0.3 mg/ml. Reproducibility of the assay was checked by assaying the same crude extract seven times in succession. Standard deviation was 3.96% and correlation coefficient was 0.9996. The advantages of this technique include rapid analysis time and relative simplicity, compared to the enzyme immunoassay. PMID- 3897257 TI - Semi-automated high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of cyclosporine A in whole blood using one-step sample purification and column switching. AB - A highly sensitive and semi-automated high-performance liquid chromatographic method, utilizing acetonitrile protein precipitation and column-switching, is described for the determination of cyclosporine A in whole blood. Following a rapid manual acetonitrile treatment of the blood samples, the supernatant is loaded automatically onto a 5-micron high-speed protein separation column without any further clean-up operations. The fraction containing cyclosporine A is switched to a 3-micron C18 reversed-phase high-speed column by a microprocessor controlled column-switching unit for final separation and detection by absorption at 214 nm. Minimal sample handling and efficient separation resulted in a high recovery (75 +/- 3%) of cyclosporine A from blood and a detection limit as low as 2 micrograms/l with a highly reproducible and linear response up to 2500 micrograms/1 using 0.5 ml of sample. A separation cycle including regeneration of the first column is finished in 15 min, and this system was used continuously for ca. 1000 blood samples from heart, liver, kidney, pancreas and bone marrow recipients without change in separation parameters or material replacement. The method described allows accurate and very fast daily routine monitoring of cyclosporine A in large numbers of blood samples from transplant recipients. PMID- 3897258 TI - Evaluation of commercial methods of enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for the measurement of rubella-specific IgM. AB - Four commercial EIA methods for measuring rubella-specific IgM (three indirect tests and one anti-mu capture test) were evaluated, using sucrose gradient centrifugation and hemagglutination inhibition as the reference method. Evaluation was conducted with the aid of four serum panels, including 53 primary rubella cases, 30 healthy pregnant women, 21 sera positive for rheumatoid factor(s) (RF) and 35 sera from 29 cases of heterophil-positive infectious mononucleosis with EBV-specific IgM detected by immunofluorescence. All EIA methods were more sensitive than the reference method when applied to very early samples (1-5 days post-exanthema) and no differences in sensitivity were found between them. On the other hand, we observed a significant incidence of false positive results if an indirect EIA method is applied to RF-positive samples. False positivity is significantly reduced, but not totally eliminated, when samples are preabsorbed with anti-human IgG serum and, in all cases, the absorbance values obtained were low. In contrast, there were no false-positive results using an anti-mu capture method, even in sera from cases of infectious mononucleosis. The basis for choosing between an indirect method and an anti-mu capture method for the diagnosis of congenital and post-natal rubella virus infection is discussed. PMID- 3897259 TI - Use of urinary C-peptide to estimate insulin secretion during starvation. AB - The usefulness of measurements of urinary C-peptide excretion in indirectly assessing integrated insulin secretion during starvation was studied in eight obese subjects during a 72-h fast. Blood and urine samples were collected at 12-h intervals for measurement of insulin and C-peptide immunoreactivity. After 60 h, serum insulin and plasma C-peptide levels declined 47% and 37%, respectively, and the values were highly correlated (r = 0.8; P less than 0.001). By 72 h, urinary C-peptide excretion had declined to 70% of the level in the first 12-h period. The urinary clearance of C-peptide was not altered by starvation. A highly significant correlation was found between urinary C-peptide and C-peptide secretory rate (P less than 0.001). The molar ratio of plasma C-peptide to insulin remained constant during the fasting period. These data indicate that basal insulin secretion can be added to the list of physiological conditions in which beta-cell secretion can be effectively evaluated by urinary C-peptide measurement. PMID- 3897260 TI - Metabolic response to three years of continuous, basal rate intravenous insulin infusion in type II diabetic patients. AB - We studied two obese type II diabetic patients before, during, and after 3 yr of continuous iv insulin infusion, delivered by means of totally implanted insulin infusion pumps. Tolerance of the devices was excellent, and no side-effects or episodes of significant hypoglycemia occurred. Glycosuria was eliminated, and mean 24-h plasma glucose and hemoglobin A1c levels decreased in both patients and remained in or near the normal range for 3 yr. Improvements were also noted in serum triglyceride concentrations and vitreous fluorescein concentrations after iv fluorescein injection. Euglycemic insulin clamp studies showed that no significant change in glucose disposal rate occurred after 6 and 12 months of treatment. However, some improvement in insulin secretion during hyperglycemic insulin clamp studies occurred in both patients after 6 months of insulin infusion. Evaluation of the insulin-glycerol mixture used in the pump revealed that moderate degradation of insulin occurred in the pump during the 21-day flow cycle, resulting in 6-12% increases in fasting blood glucose levels; in addition, higher mol wt species of immunoreactive insulin were present in the patients' serum. We conclude that long term continuous iv infusion of insulin using a totally implantable infusion pump is practical in type II diabetic patients, is acceptable to patients, and is capable of providing near-normal glycemic control. PMID- 3897261 TI - Evaluation of Detect-A-Strep and the Culturette Ten-Minute Strep ID kits for detection of group A streptococcal antigen in oropharyngeal swabs from children. AB - The Detect-A-Strep kit (DAS) (Antibodies Inc.) and the Culturette Brand 10-Minute Group A Strep ID kit (CBTMSI) (Marion Scientific) were compared with a sensitive culture method for detection of group A streptococci in oropharyngeal swabs from children. Specimens from 953 children ranging in age from 4 months to 18 years were inoculated to selective blood agar plates containing sulfamethoxazole trimethoprim. Culture plates were incubated anaerobically for the first overnight period and aerobically in the presence of 10% CO2 for the second overnight period. The same specimens were tested within 24 h by DAS (phase 1) or CBTMSI (phase 2). One hundred thirty-five of 538 specimens (25.1%) tested by DAS and 150 of 415 specimens (36.1%) tested by CBTMSI were culture positive. DAS detected 87 of 135 (64.4%) and CBTMSI detected 93 of 150 (62.0%) culture-positive specimens. The specificities of DAS and CBTMSI were 96.5 and 99.6%, respectively. The predictive values of positive and negative results were 86.1 and 89.0% for DAS and 98.9 and 82.2% for CBTMSI. Because a reliable distinction between infected patients and carrier state patients cannot be made, we conclude that neither DAS nor CBTMSI is sufficiently sensitive to replace our culture method. PMID- 3897262 TI - Pure spherules of Coccidioides immitis in continuous culture. AB - Investigation of host-parasite relationships involving the parasitic form of Coccidioides immitis has been difficult because, previously, spherules and endospores have not been grown continuously in tissue culture medium without detectable formation of hyphae. Arthroconidia were harvested from mycelial cultures and inoculated into tissue culture flasks which contained RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10% calf serum and N-Tamol (Rohm & Haas Co., Philadelphia, Pa.). Flasks were purged with 5% CO2, sealed, and placed on a reciprocating shaker at 35 degrees C. Hyphae which arose during incubation were removed by filtration. Arthroconidia readily converted to the spherule-endospore form within 12 days. Six days after complete conversion, spherules and endospores were transferred to RPMI 1640 without N-Tamol. The spherule-endospore cycle was maintained in tissue culture medium for 84 days without the formation of detectable hyphae. PMID- 3897263 TI - Double immunofluorescence microscopic technique for accurate differentiation of extracellularly and intracellularly located bacteria in cell culture. AB - A double immunofluorescence staining technique is described for differentiation between cell-attached (extracellular) and ingested (intracellular) bacteria by HEp-2 cells in cell culture monolayers. This method is based upon the observation that membranes of viable mammalian cells are impermeable for antibodies but are rendered permeable by treatment with fixatives. Consequently, extracellular bacteria can be stained by specific rhodamine-labeled antibodies before fixation, and intracellular bacteria can be visualized by treatment with specific fluorescein-labeled antibodies after fixation. The accuracy and simplicity of this method is demonstrated with HEp-2 cell culture monolayers as target cells and an isogenic pair of Yersinia enterocolitica, one of which is phagocytosis resistant and the other of which is phagocytosis sensitive. Furthermore, it is shown that this staining technique is also applicable for studying the interaction of bacteria with macrophages and fibroblasts. PMID- 3897264 TI - Evaluation of the Quantum II yeast identification system. AB - We compared three methods for identifying clinical yeast isolates: Abbott Quantum II, API 20C, and a modified BBL Minitek system. The API 20C and modified Minitek systems agreed on the identification of 243 of 245 yeasts (99.2%). The Quantum II system correctly identified 197 (80.4%), incorrectly identified 19 (7.8%), and did not identify 29 (11.8%) of the yeasts. Most of the misidentifications with the Quantum II occurred because assimilation or biochemical results were false positive. Sixteen different species of yeasts and 16 different Quantum II substrates contributed to the discrepancies. On retesting with the Quantum II, 31% of the discrepant strains were correctly identified, while the remaining 69% were incorrectly identified or were not identified. Erroneous biochemical and assimilation results were also noted with yeasts that were correctly identified by the Quantum II system. PMID- 3897265 TI - Comparison of radiometric and conventional culture systems in detecting Haemophilus influenzae type b bacteremia in rats. AB - To compare the efficiency of detecting Haemophilus influenzae type b bacteremia by the BACTEC radiometric system (RS; Johnston Laboratories, Inc., Towson, Md.) and a conventional Trypticase soy broth (BBL Microbiology Systems, Cockeysville, Md.) blood culture system (TSB), we developed an in vivo model of bacteremia in rats. After intravenous injection of 50 to 200 CFU into adult rats, there was a linear logarithmic increase in CFU per milliliter of rat blood during the first 10 h (r = 0.98), allowing accurate prediction of the level of bacteremia with time. Culture bottles were inoculated with 0.5 ml of blood obtained by cardiac puncture and processed as clinical samples in the microbiology laboratory with our RS and conventional protocols. We found the following. (i) The first detection of bacteremia by RS was similar to that by TSB if a Gram stain of the TSB was done on day 1 and was superior if that smear was omitted (P less than 0.01). (ii) The detection times in both systems were comparable at different magnitudes of bacteremia (10(1) to 10(4) CFU/ml). (iii) Supplementation of inoculated bottles with 2 ml of sterile rat blood interfered with Gram stain detection in TSB but resulted in increased 14CO2 production in RS. (iv) No difference in detection time was found between RS and TSB for four different clinical isolates. These studies show that, in a biologically relevant model, the detection of positive blood cultures for H. influenzae type b by RS was comparable to or better than detection by TSB when blood was processed analogously to clinical specimens. PMID- 3897266 TI - Evaluation of a one-hour test for the identification of Neisseria species. AB - This study presents an evaluation of the RIM-N kit (Austin Biological Laboratories, Inc., Austin, Tex.), a commercial system for rapid identification of Neisseria spp. and Branhamella catarrhalis. The system was compared with the cystine-Trypticase (BBL Microbiology Systems, Cockeysville, Md.) agar method; 218 isolates were tested by each method. There was 96% agreement between the two methods, and only nine discrepancies were encountered. The results suggest that the RIM-N kit may provide a rapid and reliable method for identifying Neisseria spp. and B. catarrhalis. PMID- 3897267 TI - Detection of Treponema pallidum in lesion exudate with a pathogen-specific monoclonal antibody. AB - The diagnosis of early syphilis currently requires dark-field microscopic or serologic demonstration of Treponema pallidum infection. Dark-field microscopy is not widely available and is complicated by the numerous saprophytic spirochetes which are present at oral and rectal mucosal surfaces. Serologic tests are positive in only 70 to 90% of patients with primary syphilis, and several days may be required for results to become available. We used a pathogen-specific, fluorescein-conjugated monoclonal antibody to examine lesion exudates from 61 patients for the presence of T. pallidum and compared the data with results of dark-field microscopy and serologic testing. The direct fluorescent-antibody technique revealed the presence of T. pallidum in 30 of 30 patients with early syphilis, and dark-field microscopy was positive for 29. Serologic tests were reactive for 27 of 30 patients with syphilis; in the 3 patients with nonreactive serologic tests, chancres had been present for 4, 6, and 21 days. Although 7 of 31 patients without syphilis had spiral organisms seen on dark-field microscopy, the direct fluorescent-antibody test was negative for all 31. The presence of nonpathogenic spirochetes was subsequently verified in 5 of 7 patients by using a second monoclonal antibody which reacts with nonpathogenic, as well as pathogenic, treponemes and related spirochetes. The demonstration of T. pallidum by using fluorescein-conjugated monoclonal antibodies is intrinsically specific and is as sensitive as dark-field microscopy for the diagnosis of early syphilis. This method provides a convenient, accurate means for the diagnosis of syphilis by health care providers, many of whom lack access to dark-field microscopy. PMID- 3897268 TI - Practical recommendations for the detection of pediatric respiratory syncytial virus infections. AB - In our private clinic-hospital setting, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was isolated from infants more frequently and sooner from nasal washes (84%; 4.2 days) than from throat swabs (45%; 5.5 days) or nasopharyngeal swabs (39%; 5.7 days). Immunofluorescence of nasal wash cells identified 72% of the infants with virus isolations from nasal washes in less than one day. We therefore recommend the combination of isolation and immunofluorescence on nasal wash specimens for optimal detection of RSV-infected infants. Immunofluorescence of respiratory tract cells was also useful for monitoring the presence of RSV antigen in intubation secretions during ribavirin antiviral therapy. RSV infectivity was maintained in phosphate-buffered saline at room temperature for 6 h. Transport and inoculation of specimens in less than 6 h yielded RSV isolates from 50% of sampled infants during the two RSV seasons examined. For optimal RSV isolation, we recommend inoculation of HEp-2 tubes less than or equal to 4 days old. Replacing medium after 3 days as compared with 7 days did not increase recovery of RSV and provided little practical reduction in time to detection of cytopathology. PMID- 3897269 TI - Evaluation of a Cordia-IC enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit for the detection of circulating immune complexes. AB - A commercial kit (Cordia-IC) from Cordis Laboratory, Miami, Fla., was compared with the Raji cell radioimmunoassay for its ability to detect circulating immune complexes (CIC) in sera from 30 control subjects and 118 patients with infectious diseases. The 118 patients were categorized into the following groups: (i) 23 patients with bacterial endocarditis, (ii) 41 patients with bacteremia from an infected intravascular catheter or access device, and (iii) 54 patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia related to a deep tissue infection. The Cordia IC was comparable to the Raji cell radioimmunoassay in intraassay variability (4.0 versus 8.0%) and interassay reproducibility (8.7 versus 20.0%). Neither assay found CIC amounts above 12.5 micrograms equivalents (eq) of aggregated human gamma globulin (AHG) per ml in any of the 30 control individuals. In group 1, Cordia-IC detected 19 of 23 positives (mean, 73.6 micrograms eq of AHG per ml), whereas the Raji cell detected 16 of 23 positives (mean, 54.8 micrograms eq of AHG per ml). In group 2, Cordia-IC detected 19 of 41 positives (mean, 20.6 micrograms eq of AHG per ml), whereas the Raji cell detected 16 of 41 positives (mean, 15.1 micrograms eq of AHG per ml). In group 3, Cordia-IC found 38 of 54 positives (mean, 28.0 micrograms eq of AHG per ml), whereas the Raji cell found 32 of 54 positives (mean, 23.9 micrograms eq of AHG per ml). Statistically, these findings were not significantly different in any of the three patient groups (P> 0.15), and there was an overall good correlation between the results obtained by the two assays (r+0.64, P<0.001). The Cordia-IC provided a suitable assay for the detection of CIC and might find application in routine clinical laboratories. PMID- 3897271 TI - Specimen volume versus yield in the BACTEC blood culture system. AB - During a 24-month period, 5,625 blood culture specimens were collected at the Seattle Veterans Administration Medical Center in 20-ml volumes and divided into separate 10-ml aliquots. The two aliquots were processed as duplicate sets (set 1, set 2) by the BACTEC system (Johnston Laboratories, Inc., Towson, Md.). Specimens (5 ml) from each set were inoculated into aerobic (6B) and anaerobic (7C/7D) vials. A total of 434 significantly positive blood cultures were found. In 342 of these positive cultures, yielding 379 isolates (112 members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, 104 staphylococci, 87 streptococci, 27 anaerobes, 20 yeasts, 14 pseudomonads, and 15 miscellaneous organisms), there was adequate specimen volume to fill all four vials. The utilization of set 1 would have resulted only in the failure to detect 65 of 379 (17.2%) significant isolates, 52 of 342 (15.2%) positive cultures, and 20 of 198 (10.1%) bacteremic episodes. There were no significant differences in the recovery of individual species in sets 1 and 2. Although the range of isolates recovered by the aerobic and anaerobic vials of each set differed, the percent yield of total isolates was similar, indicating total isolate yield was predominantly a function of specimen volume. The addition of set 2 most dramatically increased the recovery of Escherichia coli (30%), yeasts (33%), and anaerobes (42%). PMID- 3897270 TI - Colonization of human wounds by Escherichia vulneris and Escherichia hermannii. AB - In this report we present clinical descriptions of 12 Hawaiian patients from whom Escherichia vulneris or E. hermannii strains were isolated. All but two patients had soft-tissue infections with multiple bacteria, particularly Staphylococcus aureus. The other two had purulent conjunctivitis associated with S. aureus and infected malignant peritonitis with multiple organisms, respectively. In none of the cases were the Escherichia spp. found in abundant quantities or considered pathogenic. In preliminary animal pathogenicity studies, 12 strains each of E. vulneris and E. hermannii failed to cause serious symptoms in 4-week-old mice when 10(7) cells were injected intraperitoneally. When 10(6) cells were used, none of these bacterial strains injected into mouse soft tissue was capable of producing persistent wound infections. Susceptibility studies of 40 strains of these bacteria to 20 different antimicrobial agents showed that they were susceptible to third-generation cephalosporins as well as to most other cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, trimethoprim, and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim; these strains were only marginally susceptible or resistant to penicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and nitrofurantoin. PMID- 3897272 TI - Comparison of measles antihemolysin test, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and hemagglutination inhibition test with neutralization test for determination of immune status. AB - Sera were collected from 238 high-school students in Prince Edward Island for the determination of immune status before an anticipated measles outbreak. In addition, history of vaccination status and measles infection was obtained. In the subsequent outbreak, 28 students did contract measles. Specificity for hemagglutination inhibition (HI), antihemolysin (AH), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was 100%, compared with the neutralization test. Corresponding sensitivity values for the tests were 66.0% (HI), 99.5% (AH), and 99.0% (ELISA). Predictive values for susceptibility were 26.9% (HI), 77.8% (AH), 75.7% (ELISA), 80% (neutralization), and 41.4% as determined by history of infection or vaccination. The predictive value for immunity as determined by history of previous infection or vaccination was 91.8%, compared with 100% for the four serological tests. No false-positive results were seen with any of these tests. Compared with the neutralization test, the HI test had 69 false-negative results, the AH had 1, and the ELISA test had 2. The AH and ELISA tests provided sensitive and specific alternatives to the commonly used HI test for immune status determination. PMID- 3897273 TI - Chemically defined medium for oral microorganisms. AB - We formulated a chemically defined medium consisting of 14 inorganic salts, 23 amino acids, 23 vitamins and other factors, seven purines and pyrimidines, and glucose which would successfully support the growth of a wide variety of oral microorganisms. Of 204 oral isolates representing 20 genera and 60 species, 197 maintained viability through six serial transfers. PMID- 3897274 TI - Isolation of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis from intestinal mucosa and mesenteric lymph nodes of goats by use of selective Dubos medium. AB - To isolate Mycobacterium paratuberculosis from contaminated material, a selective medium, selective Dubos medium (SDubos), was developed by supplementing conventional Dubos medium (CDubos) with carbenicillin, polymyxin, trimethoprim, and amphotericin B. The intestine and mesenteric lymph nodes of 1,501 goats were cultured in parallel on SDubos and CDubos after decontamination with oxalic acid. The contamination rate was reduced more than 150 times by the use of SDubos. The number of positive specimens (18, or 1.2%), i.e., those which revealed growth of M. paratuberculosis, was too small to evaluate the number of specimens which could have been missed due to contamination on CDubos. However, the number of specimens positive on SDubos (16, or 89%) showed that the antibiotics used were not harmful to M. paratuberculosis. PMID- 3897275 TI - Rapid, automated identification of novobiocin-resistant, coagulase-negative staphylococci. AB - A modified automated method that uses the MS-2 system (Abbott Laboratories, Diagnostics Div., Irving, Tex.) to verify the reaction of coagulase-negative staphylococci to novobiocin is described. This technique permits the testing of a great number of specimens in an average time of 99 min and results in a 100% match with the traditional method of culturing. PMID- 3897276 TI - Choice of buffer and use of surface blocking in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for antibodies to Ureaplasma urealyticum serotypes. PMID- 3897277 TI - Calculation of numbers of streptococci in latex agglutination swabs. PMID- 3897278 TI - The structure of F-actin. PMID- 3897279 TI - Location of C-protein, H-protein and X-protein in rabbit skeletal muscle fibre types. AB - The locations of C-protein, H-protein and X-protein in rabbit psoas, plantaris and soleus muscles have been investigated with fluorescently tagged specific antibodies. Two systems have been examined: isolated myofibrils allowed the locations of these proteins within the sarcomere to be determined, while cryosections allowed a comparison of the amounts of these proteins between different types of fibre in the three muscles. Using antibody-labelled cryosections, we find that the amounts of each of these proteins depends closely on the fibre type. In all the muscles studied, C-protein is present in the largest amounts in fast white and fast intermediate fibres and is absent from slow red fibres, while X-protein is absent from fast white fibres and is present in the largest amounts in fast and slow red fibres. In psoas muscle, H-protein is present in the largest amounts in fast white fibres and is absent in fast and slow red fibres. In plantaris muscle, however, H-protein is absent from fast white fibres but occurs in some slow red fibres. All psoas myofibrils label with anti-C and anti-H and a minority label with anti-X. In each case the pattern of labelling is a zone in each half of the A-band. Measured across the middle of the A-band, the zones for H-protein are much closer together than for C-protein; the centre-to-centre spacings are 0.35 micron for anti-H and 0.64 micron for anti-C. The fluorescent zones for X-protein are slightly but significantly closer (0.52 micron) than those for C-protein. All soleus myofibrils label with anti-X but the centre-to-centre spacing was greater (0.67 micron). With plantaris myofibrils, where labelling occurs with anti-C or anti-H, the spacings resemble those in psoas myofibrils, but with anti-X the spacing resembles that in soleus myofibrils. The spacing of the fluorescent zones in an A-band, whether produced by anti-C, anti-X or anti-H does not vary with sarcomere length. We conclude that X-protein and H-protein, like C-protein, are thick filament components. With both fibres and myofibrils, there is no simple relationship between the amount of X protein and the amount of C-protein. Many fast intermediate fibres in psoas and plantaris muscle label as strongly with anti-C as do fast white fibres but also label as strongly with anti-X as do fast and slow red fibres.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3897280 TI - Schmuth and Muller double plates. PMID- 3897281 TI - Banding or bonding partially erupted second molars. PMID- 3897282 TI - Israel's health system: structure and content issues. PMID- 3897283 TI - The organization of health services in Vietnam. PMID- 3897284 TI - Secretion of an articular cartilage proteoglycan-degrading enzyme activity by murine T lymphocytes in vitro. AB - Destruction of articular cartilage is the hallmark of inflammatory arthritides. Enzymes elaborated by mononuclear cells infiltrating the synovium mediate, in part, the degradation of the cartilage extracellular matrix. Since mononuclear cells are the dominant cell type found in chronic inflammatory synovitis, we investigated whether interaction of immune mononuclear cells with antigen initiated the synthesis and secretion of a proteoglycan-degrading enzyme activity. Proteoglycan-degrading enzyme activity was monitored by the capacity of murine spleen cell conditioned medium to release [3H]serine/35SO4 incorporated into rabbit cartilage proteoglycan monomer fraction (A1D1), and by the relative change in specific viscosity of bovine nasal cartilage proteoglycan monomer. The results demonstrated that both virgin and immune mononuclear cells spontaneously generated proteoglycan-degrading enzyme activity and that cellular activation and proliferation induced by the antigen keyhole limpet hemocyanin or the mitogen phytohemagglutinin was not required. Kinetic studies demonstrated stable release of the enzyme activity over 72 h. Cell separation studies showed that T lymphocytes, a thymoma line, and macrophages separately produced proteoglycan degrading enzyme activity. The enzyme activity has been partially characterized and appears to belong to a class of neutral pH metal-dependent proteinases. These observations, the first to demonstrate that T lymphocytes secrete an enzyme capable of degrading cartilage proteoglycan, raise the possibility that this enzyme activity contributes to cartilage extracellular matrix destruction in vivo. Moreover, these data support the conclusion that production of this enzyme by T lymphocytes is independent of an antigen-specific stimulus. PMID- 3897285 TI - Immunological studies of an organic anion-binding protein isolated from rat liver cell plasma membrane. AB - The mechanism of organic anion uptake by hepatocytes has kinetics that suggest facilitated diffusion, and carrier-mediated membrane transport has been postulated. In previous studies, we purified a 55,000-mol wt organic anion binding protein (OABP) by affinity chromatography on sulfobromophthalein (BSP) Sepharose of deoxycholate solubilized liver cell plasma membrane preparations. Using specific goat and rabbit antibodies to OABP, we have now investigated the distribution of this protein in liver fractions and other tissues by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and by the immunoblot (Western blot) procedure. These studies indicated that OABP is present in significant amounts in all tissues examined except for blood. Although OABP has not as yet been isolated from each of these tissues and characterized, OABP in heart retained the ability to bind organic anions, and was purified by affinity chromatography on BSP-sepharose. In liver, OABP was membrane bound and remained so after extraction with 0.9 M NaCl, which suggests that it is an intrinsic membrane protein. OABP did not have a ubiquitous subcellular distribution within the hepatocyte. Preparation of subfractions of liver cell plasma membrane revealed that OABP is present in the sinusoidal and absent from the canalicular membrane. Immunofluorescence studies performed in short-term cultured hepatocytes suggest that OABP is associated with the surface of these cells and does not have a significant intracellular distribution. PMID- 3897286 TI - Regulation of glucose utilization in adipose cells and muscle after long-term experimental hyperinsulinemia in rats. AB - The effects of chronic insulin administration on the metabolism of isolated adipose cells and muscle were studied. Adipose cells from 2 and 6 wk insulin treated and control rats, fed either chow or chow plus sucrose, were prepared, and insulin binding, 3-O-methylglucose transport, glucose metabolism, and lipolysis were measured at various insulin concentrations. After 2 wk of treatment, adipose cell size and basal glucose transport and metabolism were unaltered, but insulin-stimulated transport and glucose metabolism were increased two- to threefold when cells were incubated in either 0.1 mM glucose (transport rate limiting) or 10 mM glucose (maximum glucose metabolism). Insulin binding was increased by 30%, but no shift in the insulin dose-response curve for transport or metabolism occurred. After 6 wk of treatment, the effects of hyperinsulinemia on insulin binding and glucose metabolism persisted and were superimposed on the changes in cell function that occurred with increasing cell size in aging rats. Hyperinsulinemia for 2 or 6 wk did not alter basal or epinephrine-stimulated lipolysis in adipose cells or the antilipolytic effect of insulin. In incubated soleus muscle strips, insulin-stimulated glucose metabolism was significantly increased after 2 wk of hyperinsulinemia, but these increases were not observed after 6 wk of treatment. We conclude that 2 wk of continuous hyperinsulinemia results in increased insulin-stimulated glucose metabolism in both adipose cells and soleus muscle. Despite increased insulin binding to adipose cells, no changes in insulin sensitivity were observed in adipose cells or muscle. In adipose cells, the increased glucose utilization resulted from both increased transport (2 wk only) and intracellular glucose metabolism (2 and 6 wk). In muscle, after 2 wk of treatment, both glycogen synthesis and total glucose metabolism were increased. These effects of hyperinsulinemia were lost in muscle after 6 wk of treatment, when compared with sucrose-supplemented controls. PMID- 3897287 TI - Multiple disturbances of free fatty acid metabolism in noninsulin-dependent diabetes. Effect of oral hypoglycemic therapy. AB - To assess the mechanisms for the elevation of free fatty acids in noninsulin dependent diabetes, free fatty acid metabolism and lipid and carbohydrate oxidation were compared in 14 obese diabetic Pima Indians and in 13 age-, sex-, and weight-matched nondiabetics. The studies were repeated in 10 of the diabetics after 1 mo of oral hypoglycemic therapy. Fasting plasma glucose concentrations were elevated in diabetics (242 +/- 14 vs. 97 +/- 3 mg/dl, P less than 0.01) and decreased to 142 +/- 12 (P less than 0.01) after therapy. Fasting free fatty acid concentrations were elevated in diabetics (477 +/- 26 vs. 390 +/- 39 mumol/liter, P less than 0.01) and declined to normal values after therapy (336 +/- 32, P less than 0.01). Although free fatty acid transport rate was correlated with obesity (r = 0.75, P less than 0.001), the transport of free fatty acid was not higher in diabetics than in nondiabetics and did not change after therapy. On the other hand, the fractional catabolic rate for free fatty acid was significantly lower in untreated diabetics (0.55 +/- 0.04 vs. 0.71 +/- 0.06 min-1, P less than 0.05); it increased after therapy to 0.80 +/- 0.09 min-1, P less than 0.05, and was inversely correlated with fasting glucose (r = -0.52, P less than 0.01). In diabetics after therapy, lipid oxidation rates fell significantly (from 1.35 +/- 0.06 to 1.05 +/- 0.01 mg/min per kg fat-free mass, P less than 0.01), whereas carbohydrate oxidation increased (from 1.21 +/- 0.10 to 1.73 +/- 0.13 mg/min per kg fat-free mass, P less than 0.01); changes in lipid and carbohydrate oxidation were correlated (r = 0.72, P less than 0.02), and in all subjects lipid oxidation accounted for only approximately 40% of free fatty acid transport. The data suggest that in noninsulin-dependent diabetics, although free fatty acid production may be elevated because of obesity, the elevations in plasma free fatty acid concentrations are also a result of reduced removal, and fractional clearance of free fatty acid appears to be closely related to diabetic control. Furthermore, the increase in fractional clearance rate, despite a marked decrease in lipid oxidation, suggests that the clearance defect in the diabetics is due to an impairment in reesterification, which is restored after therapy. PMID- 3897288 TI - Effects of exercise training on in vivo insulin action in individual tissues of the rat. AB - It has previously been suggested that exercise training leads to increased whole body insulin sensitivity. However, the specific tissues and metabolic pathways involved have not been examined in vivo. By combining the euglycemic clamp with administration of glucose tracers, [3H]2-deoxyglucose (2DG), [14C]glucose, and [3H]glucose, in vivo insulin action at the whole body level and within individual tissues has been assessed in exercise-trained (ET, running 1 h/d for 7 wk) and sedentary control rats at four insulin doses. Whole body insulin sensitivity was significantly increased in ET. In addition, the skeletal muscles, soleus, red and white gastrocnemius, extensor digitorum longus (EDL), and diaphragm all showed increased sensitivity of insulin-stimulated 2DG uptake with training. With the exception of EDL, no significant difference in insulin-mediated glycogen synthesis between control and ET could be found. Therefore, the increased insulin induced 2DG uptake observed in muscle following training is apparently directed towards glucose oxidation. In ET animals, adipose tissue exhibited a significant increase in insulin-mediated 2DG uptake and [14C]glucose incorporation into free fatty acids but there was no difference from control in any parameters measured in lung or liver. EDL and white gastrocnemius, which are not primarily involved during exercise of this type, also demonstrated increased insulin sensitivity following training. In conclusion, exercise training results in a marked increase in whole body insulin sensitivity related mainly to increased glucose oxidation in skeletal muscle. This effect may be mediated by systemic as well as local factors and is likely to be of therapeutic value in pathological conditions exhibiting insulin resistance. PMID- 3897289 TI - Effect of dietary fat, carbohydrate, and protein on branched-chain amino acid catabolism during caloric restriction. AB - To assess the effect of each dietary caloric source on the catabolism of branched chain amino acids, we investigated the rate of leucine oxidation before and after obese volunteers consumed one of the following diets for one week: (a) starvation, (b) 300 or 500 cal of fat/d, (c) 300 or 500 cal of carbohydrate/d, (d) 300 or 500 cal of protein/d, (e) a mixture of carbohydrate (300 cal/d) and fat (200 cal/d), or (f) a mixture of carbohydrate (300 cal/d) and protein (200 cal/d). Starvation significantly increased the rate of leucine oxidation (1.4 +/- 0.11 vs. 1.8 +/- 0.16 mmol/h, P less than 0.01). The same occurred with the fat and protein diets. In sharp contrast, the 500-cal carbohydrate diet significantly decreased the rate of leucine oxidation (1.3 +/- 0.13 vs. 0.6 +/- 0.09 mmol/h, P less than 0.01). The same occurred when a portion of the carbohydrate diet was isocalorically replaced with either fat or protein. The cumulative nitrogen excretion during the fat diet and starvation was not significantly different. As compared with the fat diets, the carbohydrate diets on the average reduced the urinary nitrogen excretion by 12 g/wk. Nitrogen balance was positive during the consumption of the 500-cal protein diet, but negative during the consumption of carbohydrate-protein diet. The fat diets, like the protein diets and starvation, greatly increased plasma leucine (119 +/- 13 vs. 222 +/- 15 microM, P less than 0.01) and beta-hydroxybutyrate (0.12 +/- 0.02 vs. 4.08 +/- 0.43 mM, P less than 0.01) concentrations, and significantly decreased plasma glucose (96 +/- 4 vs. 66 +/- 3 mg/dl, P less than 0.01) and insulin (18 +/- 4 vs. 9 +/- 1 microU/ml, P less than 0.05) concentrations. These changes did not occur, or were greatly attenuated, when subjects consumed carbohydrate alone or in combination with fat or protein. We conclude that during brief caloric restriction, dietary lipid and protein, unlike carbohydrate, do not diminish the catabolism of branched-chain amino acids and the decrease in branched-chain amino acid oxidation is associated with protein sparing. PMID- 3897290 TI - Acute intermittent porphyria: characterization of a novel mutation in the structural gene for porphobilinogen deaminase. Demonstration of noncatalytic enzyme intermediates stabilized by bound substrate. AB - To investigate the molecular pathology in acute intermittent porphyria (AIP), the nature of the defective porphobilinogen (PBG)-deaminase was determined in erythrocyte lysates from 165 AIP heterozygotes from 92 unrelated families representing 20 different ethnic or demographic groups. Immunologic and physicokinetic studies revealed the occurrence of four classes of PBG-deaminase mutations. In the majority of families studied, the amount of immunoreactive enzyme protein corresponded to the amount of enzymatic activity, indicating the absence of cross-reacting immunologic material (CRIM) produced by the mutant allele. In 78 of these CRIM-negative families (designated type 1), the affected heterozygotes had half-normal PBG-deaminase activity. In three families (designated CRIM-negative type 2), symptomatic patients had increased urinary excretion of delta-aminolevulinic acid and PBG, and normal levels of erythrocyte PBG-deaminase activity. In contrast, noncatalytic, immunoreactive protein was expressed in heterozygotes from 11 families, about one-eighth of those studied, consistent with mutations in the structural gene for PBG-deaminase. Two types of CRIM-positive mutations were identified: the type 1 mutation had a CRIM/activity ratio of approximately 1.7 and a crossed-immunoelectrophoretic profile in which all the enzyme intermediates were increased, with the B or monopyrrole-enzyme intermediate predominant (B greater than A much greater than C congruent to D greater than E). The mutation altered both the kinetic and stability properties of the noncatalytic immunoreactive enzyme protein. The second CRIM-positive mutation, type 2, had markedly increased levels of noncatalytic immunoreactive protein (CRIM/activity ratio approximately 5.7). Crossed-immunoelectrophoresis revealed markedly increased amounts of the substrate-bound intermediates, B, C, D, and E (B greater than C greater than D greater than E much greater than A). The accumulation of these noncatalytic enzyme intermediates presumably resulted from the enhanced binding and/or defective release of substrate molecules. The conformation of these enzyme-substrate intermediates apparently rendered the complexes more resistant to intraerythrocyte proteolysis. These findings provide evidence for the presence of different allelic mutations in the structural gene for PBG-deaminase and document molecular genetic heterogeneity in AIP. PMID- 3897291 TI - Retrospective study of histological features of acute rejection in renal allografts and comparison with circulating T cell populations. AB - The histological severity of acute rejection in renal allografts was determined for 39 rejection episodes in 30 renal transplant recipients. Data were compared with the peripheral blood T cell subset ratios measured before and at the onset of the rejection episode. T cell subset ratios showed no correlation with the histological severity of rejection, nor with the reversibility of the rejection episode. The grade of histological rejection on biopsy was predictive of graft survival. We conclude that renal biopsy remains the best method for determining the severity and outcome of acute allograft rejection episodes. PMID- 3897292 TI - Comparative sensitivity of different serological tests for detecting chlamydial antibodies in perihepatitis. AB - The value of several serological tests was assessed by studying sera from 30 women with clinical findings of perihepatitis and a high chlamydial antibody titre in the indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT). The other tests included the complement fixation test and enzyme immunoassays in which the antigen comprised either partially purified particles (EIA kit) or purified major outer membrane protein (MOMP EIA) of Chlamydia trachomatis L2 or lipopolysaccharide isolated from an Re mutant of Salmonella (Re LPS EIA). High IgG titres were noted in most (88-96%) of the patients by MOMP EIA and EIA kit, and in fewer patients (50%) by Re LPS EIA or complement fixation test. Seroconversion was found in 11-44% of the patients for IgG and in 28-36% for IgM; high IgG titre was thus the best diagnostic indicator for each test. The enzyme immunoassay tests have the advantage of being automated either with partially purified corpuscular or purified MOMP antigen and would allow a sensitive easy screening for chlamydial aetiology of women with pain of the right upper quadrant. PMID- 3897293 TI - Misuse and interlaboratory test reproducibility of API 20E system. AB - One hundred strains were referred to us for identification because they apparently could not be identified satisfactorily with the API 20E system (appareils et procedes d'identification). The inability to identify 31 strains was due primarily to failure to follow the manufacturer's instructions. Twenty six further strains were found to have been correctly identified by the sender's own API 20E results, so that only the remaining 43 strains definitely fell into the category for which our identification service was intended. Eighteen of the 43 strains not identified by the sender were identified by us using the API 20E system, and several possible reasons are given to explain the differences in these results. The remaining 25 strains either could not be identified by us on the API 20E system or, in the case of 13, they could not be identified by our conventional system and therefore no comparison could be made. The average interlaboratory probability of errors for the API 20E tests was 6.1%. PMID- 3897294 TI - Effect of Bacteroides fragilis on the phagocytic killing of Escherichia coli. PMID- 3897295 TI - Adrenocortical factors in hypertension. PMID- 3897296 TI - A comparative oral analgesic study of indoprofen, aspirin, and placebo in postpartum pain. AB - The purpose of this study was to evaluate the analgesic efficacy and adverse effect liability of single oral doses of indoprofen, 50 mg, 100 mg, and 200 mg, compared with aspirin, 300 mg and 600 mg, and placebo in the relief of moderate to severe postpartum pain. Two hundred-ten patients entered a randomized, double blind, parallel group study and were evaluated over a six-hour period by a single nurse-observer. There was a significant imbalance in the distribution of pain types across treatments that compromises the interpretation of the results. In addition to analyzing the data from all patients, the subsets with episiotomy/cesarean section pain and uterine cramp pain were examined separately. The latter group had too few patients to permit distinction between drugs. The 100 mg and 200 mg doses of indoprofen were significantly (P less than or equal to .05) more effective than placebo for many variables including the following summary values: sum of pain intensity difference (SPID), sum of hourly relief values (TOTPAR), and % SPID for all patients as well as in the subset of patients with episiotomy/cesarean section pain. Aspirin, 600 mg, was also significantly more effective than placebo for many of the same measures of analgesia in the episiotomy/cesarean section subset. Pairwise differences were also seen between placebo and aspirin, 300 mg, but on fewer variables. Indoprofen, 100 mg, was significantly more effective than aspirin, 600 mg, at hour 6 for pain intensity difference (PID) in the episiotomy/cesarean section subset. The effect of indoprofen appeared to plateau above 100 mg.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3897298 TI - A membrane protein preferentially expressed by a subpopulation of immature lymphoid cells, epidermal basal keratinocytes, and other epithelial cells. AB - A murine monoclonal antibody, designated EL-1, was raised by immunization with a human malignant T cell line. It reacted specifically with a membrane antigen expressed on T and B lymphoblastoid cell lines, a subpopulation of normal thymocytes and bone marrow lymphocytes, lymphocytes from a subset of patients with non-B, non-T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia or T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and epithelial stem cells. The latter reactivity was especially striking in the skin, where only basal epidermal keratinocytes and epidermal appendages, including eccrine sweat glands, sebaceous glands and hair follicles, stained positively. A human epidermoid carcinoma cell line was also stained by EL-1. Suprabasilar keratinocytes and acellular keratin did not stain. However, in vitro proliferating fetal lung fibroblasts stained positively. Membrane immunoprecipitation analysis demonstrated that the antigen recognized by antibody EL-1 is a single protein of molecular weight 105 kilodaltons which did not change with exhaustive chemical reduction. Metabolic radiolabeling studies demonstrated that this protein is synthesized by the cell and not merely taken up from the culture medium. This antibody can be useful in studying keratinocyte differentiation in epidermal malignancies and normal skin. PMID- 3897297 TI - Cutaneous nocardiosis. Case reports and review. AB - Two cases of cutaneous nocardial infection are reported. The Nocardia species are gram-positive, partially acid-fast bacteria. Cutaneous involvement may develop as one of four types: (1) mycetoma, (2) lymphocutaneous (sporotrichoid) infection, (3) superficial skin infection, or (4) systemic disease with cutaneous involvement. A review of each of these types of infection is included, as well as potential clues that may suggest the diagnosis of nocardiosis. PMID- 3897299 TI - Cutaneous B cell lymphoma: diagnostic use of monoclonal antibodies. AB - A patient presented with a solitary plaque initially interpreted on light microscopy as benign lymphoplasia. Monoclonal antibody studies were used to define the B cell origin of the infiltrate and to characterize its probable malignant potential. Monoclonal antibody typing is a useful technique to evaluate lymphocytic infiltrates that may be difficult to categorize on the basis of routine light microscopy. PMID- 3897300 TI - An acquired form of epidermolysis bullosa without immunoreactants. Report of a case. AB - A patient with a 10-year history of an acquired, scarring bullous eruption localized to the anterior surfaces of the lower extremities is described. Clinical, histologic, and electron microscopic features of an acquired form of epidermolysis bullosa are shown to occur in the absence of immune deposits, a finding not previously documented. PMID- 3897301 TI - Delayed contrast enhancement in acute focal bacterial nephritis: CT features. AB - Computed tomography was performed in seven patients with acute pyelonephritis 6 h after the administration of contrast medium. Four patients revealed patchy wedge shaped areas of contrast enhancement. The scans immediately after contrast medium administration showed decreased attenuation in these wedge-shaped areas. These results suggest that CT performed hours after contrast medium administration may reveal delayed enhancement in a significant number of patients with acute pyelonephritis. PMID- 3897302 TI - Computed tomography, sonography, and MR imaging of abdominal tuberculosis. AB - The CT, sonographic, and magnetic resonance findings of a case of abdominal tuberculosis are presented. A diffusely thickened, enhanced peritoneum was imaged best on CT. Sonography was the only imaging modality to demonstrate septations within the tuberculous ascites. Magnetic resonance contributed no additional information. PMID- 3897303 TI - Computed tomography, sonography, vesiculography, and MR imaging of a seminal vesicle cyst. AB - A case of crossed ectopia of seminal vesicle cyst is reported. Magnetic resonance (MR) appearance of the seminal vesicle cyst is described first. Brief review of the literature for the seminal vesicle cyst is made and role of new imaging modalities including ultrasound, CT, and MR is discussed. PMID- 3897304 TI - An examination of teat drying with disinfectant impregnated cloths on the bacteriological quality of milk and on the transfer of Streptococcus agalactiae before milking. AB - Total bacterial counts of the milk from individual cows were measured for three groups of ten winter housed cows at three milkings. The teats were either (i) left unwashed or (ii) washed with disinfected water (60 ppm available iodine) and dried with individual paper towels or (iii) washed with plain water and then dried with a single fabric cloth impregnated with a polymeric bisguanide and a quaternary ammonium compound. The mean total bacterial counts/ml for the groups were 5820, 2108 and 1116 respectively. Treatments (ii) and (iii) were also compared for their ability to prevent the inter-teat transfer of bacteria. Before teat washing and drying, one teat of each cow was deliberately contaminated with Streptococcus agalactiae. Significantly fewer teats (5/30) became contaminated with Str. agalactiae when treatment (iii) was used for teat washing and drying compared with treatment (ii) (20/30). PMID- 3897305 TI - Fluoride in air, grass, and cattle. AB - Grass can absorb and retain gaseous fluoride from ambient air. This fluoride then is absorbed by cattle eating the grass. The accumulation of this fluoride in their teeth and bones can damage their health and productivity. Critical concentrations of fluoride in grass have been defined. New data describing the relationship between amount of fluoride in air and fluoride in leaves of grass have been assembled and expressed by a regression equation. This equation can be used to predict fluoride accumulation in grass near a planned industrial project, and the likelihood of effect or damage in grazing cattle can be judged. PMID- 3897306 TI - Effect of prepartum vaccination with K99 Escherichia coli vaccine on maternal and calf blood antibody concentration and calf health. AB - One hundred and two dry, pregnant Holstein cows were identified alternately as vaccinated or nonvaccinated (Group 0) animals. Vaccinated cows were scheduled for vaccination at 6 and 3 wk prior to expected calving date with Vicogen, a commercial vaccine produced for the prevention of calf scours caused by enteropathogenic Escherichia coli that possess the K99 antigen. Group 1 included cows that were less than 6 wk from freshening when the experiment started and, therefore, received only one vaccination and cows that received two vaccinations with less than 5 days between the second vaccination and freshening. Those cows with interval between the second vaccination and parturition greater than 5 days were classified as Group 2. Soon after birth, each calf was given 2 liters of colostrum from its dam. For at least 3 days, and longer when available, calves from control cows received pooled colostrum from control cows and calves from vaccinated cows received pooled colostrum from vaccinated cows. Anti-K99 antibody titers were determined by an agglutination test on blood from cows and calves and on colostrum. Other measurements were made by standard procedures. Results from Groups 0, 1, and 2 were cow blood titer at freshening 21, 355, 306; calf total plasma protein at 24 h of age 6.45, 6.31, 6.22; calf packed cell volume at 24 h of age 32.9, 30.0, 30.2; calf blood titer at 24 h of age 34, 762, 1114; colostrum titer 74, 1637, 3404. For 93 calves, mortality was 10.6, 11.1, and 7.1%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3897307 TI - A method of improving the bonding between artificial teeth and PMMA. PMID- 3897308 TI - Results of a new in vivo method of measuring occlusal wear in bruxists. PMID- 3897309 TI - Denture adhesives: their effects on denture retention and stability. PMID- 3897310 TI - Leucocyte function in denture stomatitis. PMID- 3897311 TI - The prosthetic treatment in the presence of gross resorption of the mandibular alveolar ridge. PMID- 3897313 TI - [Multidirectional insertion paths: their application to butterfly bridges]. PMID- 3897312 TI - [Dental plaque and gingival hyperplasia due to Dilantin]. PMID- 3897314 TI - The bond strength of composite laminate veneers. AB - An in vitro model has been developed simulating a composite laminate veneer restoration, along with methods to mimic the environmental conditions to which these restorations are subjected in vivo. Fifty composite laminate specimens were prepared: Ten were left untreated as controls, and 40 were exposed to simulated environmental conditioning. The tensile bond strength of the veneer-to-composite interface was significantly reduced by both thermal and humidity cycling, which may explain the increasing prevalence of marginal failure and staining which occurs as these restorations age in vivo. PMID- 3897315 TI - Dimensions of faculty evaluation of chair behaviors. AB - Because effective mid-level management is becoming increasingly important in dental education, this study attempted to determine the primary attributes of a chair's role. Using the results from one school's faculty evaluation of its department chairs, a factor analysis was conducted to uncover the underlying dimensions of chair behavior. Four factors emerged: "Departmental Management," "Extradepartmental Relations," "Interpersonal Relations," and "Planning Skills." Chairs rated each of the four factors to be of more importance to faculty job satisfaction than did the faculty themselves. Top-level administrators can use knowledge of these basic factors to aid chairs in improving their administrative skills. In addition, to examine the validity of the logically derived scales initially identified during survey development, the scales were compared to the factors surfacing in this study and to the results of two previous factor analyses. PMID- 3897316 TI - Evaluation of a Ag-In-Pd casting alloy for preclinical teaching. PMID- 3897317 TI - Changing patient needs and their impact on clinical education. AB - Dental records of 1,800 clinic patients were examined in nine U.S. dental schools. The objective of the study was to identify what changes, if any, occurred over the five-year period between 1978 and 1982 in dental clinic patient treatment needs. Patients were found to be older at the time of entry into the clinical system and they required less operative treatment, fewer opposing full dentures, and less fixed bridgework. Increases in single full dentures and partial dentures were recorded. No changes were observed in endodontics, periodontics, or oral surgery treatment needs. These findings present a potentially serious problem in affected areas that may lead to a decline in the availability of sufficient experiences for the clinical training of dentists. PMID- 3897318 TI - Airborne microorganisms collected in a preclinical dental laboratory. PMID- 3897319 TI - Effect of disinfection/sterilization on in-vitro enamel bonding. PMID- 3897321 TI - Characterization of cultured dermal fibroblasts and isolation of glycosaminoglycans from the medium of cells of patients with Werner's syndrome. PMID- 3897322 TI - Cutaneous malignant lymphoma and HLA in the southwestern area of Japan. PMID- 3897320 TI - The pigmentary system: new interpretations of old data. PMID- 3897323 TI - A study of experimental carcinogenesis on mouse dorsal skin using: ultraviolet, PUVA and retinoid. PMID- 3897324 TI - Factors influencing conjugation of phenolic compounds with the epsilon-amino group. PMID- 3897325 TI - Humoral immunity in patients with tinea versicolor. PMID- 3897326 TI - Epidermodysplasia verruciformis: clinical regression and increased cellular immunity induced by OK 432 treatment. PMID- 3897327 TI - Photoaggravation of acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis (Sweet's syndrome). PMID- 3897328 TI - Discoid lupus erythematosus of the palms. PMID- 3897330 TI - The cerumen type and hemodialysis. PMID- 3897329 TI - Localized pemphigus vulgaris. PMID- 3897331 TI - Ultrasonic backscatter from mammalian tissues. AB - Ultrasonic B-mode images are formed from echoes backscattered from tissue structures in the body. Quantitative analysis of this signal from tissues may provide additional information about the tissues which may be valuable for clinical diagnosis. Results on measurements of backscatter properties of tissues such as heart, liver, and blood have been reported by a number of investigators. Data on other tissues such as spleen, kidney, and pancreas, however, are still very scanty. In this paper, results on ultrasonic backscattering properties of bovine heart, liver, kidney, spleen, pancreas, and rat myocardium, recently obtained in our laboratory utilizing a computerized system over the frequency range of 2-7 MHz, are presented. The results show that for all the tissues investigated, backscatter from liver is the highest, while that from spleen is the lowest. Liver and pancreas exhibit frequency dependence distinctively different from other tissues. Moreover, backscatter from bovine myocardium is found to be higher than that from rat myocardium. The significance of these findings in relation to the histological composition of these tissues is discussed. PMID- 3897332 TI - Unexpected historical peregrinations. PMID- 3897333 TI - The presidents. Wilfred H. Robinson 1940-1941. PMID- 3897334 TI - Two-year clinical evaluation of light-cured composite resin restorations in primary molars. AB - The restorations were evaluated at baseline, and at 6, 12, and 24 months by two trained examiners. In the system used, the highest, most desirable rating is Alfa. Of the restorations evaluated at 24 months, 99% had Alfa ratings for color match, 87% had Alfa ratings for no discoloration at cavosurface margins, and 86% had Alfa ratings for no loss of anatomic form. In addition, 75% of the restorations had Alfa ratings for margin adaptation, and 91% had Alfa ratings for no recurrent caries at the 24-month evaluation. In conclusion, the light-cured composite resin restorative material functioned well at the 12- and 24-month evaluation periods, when used in primary molars. PMID- 3897335 TI - Prevention of osteoradionecrosis: a randomized prospective clinical trial of hyperbaric oxygen versus penicillin. AB - A prospective randomized trial comparing hyperbaric oxygen and systemic antibiotics in the prevention of osteoradionecrosis was presented. The results indicated, in a high-risk population who required tooth removal in irradiated mandibles, that up-front hyperbaric oxygen produced an incidence of osteoradionecrosis of 5.4% as compared with the antibiotic group of 29.9% (P = .005). Hyperbaric oxygen should be considered a prophylactic measure when post irradiation dental care involving trauma to tissue is necessary. PMID- 3897336 TI - Dentistry on stamps. PMID- 3897337 TI - Health science on stamps. PMID- 3897338 TI - Dental research at the National Bureau of Standards: how it changed the practice of dental health service. AB - A history of dental research at the National Bureau of Standards since its inception in 1919 is presented. The initial thrust on dental amalgam by the US Army Dental Corps, the assignment of Dr. William Souder to the project, and subsequent developments are traced. Difficulties in obtaining support for the early stages of the program following World War I are described. The involvement of the American Dental Association in 1928, issuance of the first ADA specification on dental amalgam, and the ultimate ramifications on dental (and medical) standards programs throughout the world are described. Benefits to patients, dentists, and taxpayers from support of the dental research program have been calculated as exceeding the combined budgets of the currently supporting institutions--NBS, ADA, and National Institute of Dental Research. PMID- 3897339 TI - Accuracy of cardiokymography during exercise testing: results of a multicenter study. AB - To determine the diagnostic accuracy of cardiokymography, recorded 2 to 3 minutes after exercise, 617 patients undergoing cardiac catheterization were evaluated from 12 participating centers using a standardized protocol. Adequate cardiokymographic tracings, which were obtained in 82% of patients, were dependent on the skill of the operator and on certain patient characteristics. Of the 327 patients without prior myocardial infarction who had technically adequate cardiokymographic and electrocardiographic tracings, 166 (51%) had coronary disease. Both the sensitivity and specificity of cardiokymography (71 and 88%, respectively) were significantly greater than the values for the exercise electrocardiogram (61 and 76%, respectively, both p less than 0.01). Coronary artery disease and multivessel disease were present in 98 and 68%, respectively, of the 70 patients with concordantly positive cardiokymographic and electrocardiographic results, and in 15 and 5%, respectively, of the 132 patients with concordantly negative test results (p less than 0.001). Cardiokymography was most helpful in those patients in whom the posttest probability of coronary disease was between 21 and 72% after exercise electrocardiography. In these patients a concordantly positive cardiokymographic result increased the probability of coronary disease to between 67 and 100%, whereas a negative response decreased it to between 12 and 15%. In the subgroup of 102 patients undergoing concomitant exercise thallium testing, the sensitivity and specificity for the thallium scintigraphy (81 and 80%, respectively) were similar to the values for cardiokymography (72 and 84%, respectively; differences not significant). Thus, cardiokymography performed during exercise testing improves the diagnostic accuracy of the electrocardiographic response and provides an additional and cost-effective indicator of myocardial ischemia. PMID- 3897341 TI - Noninvasive intracardiac pressure measurement using Doppler ultrasound. PMID- 3897340 TI - Bethanidine sulfate: efficacy in prevention of ventricular tachyarrhythmias during programmed stimulation. Report of a multicenter study of 56 patients. AB - Twelve cardiac electrophysiology centers conducted an open label prospective trial of bethanidine sulfate, an oral bretylium analog, for the prevention of ventricular tachyarrhythmias during programmed electrical stimulation. The study group included 56 patients (44 men, 12 women; mean age 60 years; 55 with structural heart disease). Sixteen patients had both ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation, 30 had ventricular tachycardia alone and 10 had ventricular fibrillation alone. Programmed stimulation on no antiarrhythmic drugs induced sustained ventricular tachycardia in 46 patients, nonsustained ventricular tachycardia in 4 patients and ventricular fibrillation in 6 patients. During programmed ventricular stimulation after 59 trials of 20 to 30 mg/kg body weight of oral bethanidine (acute dosing in 40 patients, and divided dosing over 24 hours in 19 patients), no ventricular tachyarrhythmias were inducible in 6 patients (11%), sustained ventricular tachycardia was converted to nonsustained ventricular tachycardia in 3 patients (5%), ventricular tachyarrhythmias remained inducible in 39 patients (70%) and spontaneous ventricular tachyarrhythmias occurred more frequently in 4 patients (7%). Side effects prevented repeat testing in four patients. The 10 patients presenting with only ventricular fibrillation appeared to have a higher response rate: no ventricular tachyarrhythmias were inducible in 2 patients and sustained ventricular tachycardia was converted to nonsustained ventricular tachycardia in 2 patients. Despite protriptyline administration in 54 of 59 bethanidine trials, symptomatic hypotension occurred in 30 trials (51%). In conclusion, the efficacy of bethanidine for preventing ventricular tachyarrhythmias as assessed by programmed stimulation is low. Patients presenting with only ventricular fibrillation may have a more favorable response to bethanidine sulfate. Symptomatic hypotension occurs frequently despite concomitant use of protriptyline. PMID- 3897343 TI - Valve replacement:the first quarter century. PMID- 3897342 TI - Contrast echocardiography in acute myocardial ischemia. II. The effect of site of injection of contrast agent on the estimation of area at risk for necrosis after coronary occlusion. AB - Myocardial contrast echocardiography has been shown to accurately assess the area at risk for necrosis after acute coronary occlusion in the experimental model. The area at risk as determined by this method, however, has been defined in different ways depending on the model used. Some investigators have injected the contrast agent proximal to the site of coronary occlusion (left main coronary artery or aorta) and defined the area at risk as the segment of myocardium not showing a contrast effect (negative risk area). Others have injected the contrast agent directly into the occluded vessel and have defined the area at risk as that showing contrast enhancement (positive risk area). To evaluate whether the areas at risk determined by these two techniques are identical, six open chest dogs were studied using both methods. The area at risk was slightly but significantly larger when the contrast agent was injected into the occluded vessel than when it was injected proximally into the left main coronary artery (4.98 +/- 1.69 versus 3.97 +/- 1.27 cm2, p less than 0.01). It is concluded that the site of injection of the contrast agent significantly influences the determination of area at risk. Therefore, data obtained by the two techniques should not be used interchangeably, and in a given study the area at risk should be measured consistently using one technique. PMID- 3897344 TI - Prospective evaluation of chymopapain sensitivity in patients undergoing chemonucleolysis. AB - Immediate anaphylactic reactions after intradiscal chymopapain (CP) injection may occur in 1% of patients undergoing chemonucleolysis (CN). Skin prick testing to CP (10 mg/ml), a prescreening history, and CP serum-specific IgE determinations by the RAST method were performed in order to identify patients presensitized to CP before CN. Follow-up repeat CP skin testing and serum-specific IgE were done 2 to 6 weeks after CN to detect CP IgE-mediated sensitization resulting from the injection. Three of 84 patients who exhibited positive skin tests to CP before CN did not receive CP injections. Only one of the three patients (33%) was detected with elevated CP serum-specific IgE before CN. No immediate severe anaphylactic reactions caused by CP injection were encountered in the remaining 81 patients with negative CP skin tests and RASTs before CN. Eight (10%) nonlife-threatening immediate and late reactions were associated with conversion from negative skin tests and RASTs before CN to positive skin tests or RASTs after CN. Overall, 19 of 52 (37%) patients who returned for follow-up testing developed cutaneous sensitization to CP after CN. Despite the fact that RAST values after CN in these patients were significantly higher (p less than 0.002) than those with negative skin tests after CN, the sensitivity of the RAST was only 72% for identifying patients who developed positive CP skin tests after CN. This study demonstrated that CP skin testing is essential for prescreening patients because it was more sensitive than RAST for identification of CP sensitivity both before and after CN. Late allergic reactions and cutaneous sensitization to CP were common sequelae of CN. PMID- 3897345 TI - A multicenter trial of the prophylactic effect of ketotifen, theophylline, and placebo in atopic asthma. AB - Three hundred seventy-four patients with asthma were entered into a year-long, double-blind, double-placebo controlled study comparing the prophylactic effect of ketotifen (229 patients), theophylline (73 patients), and placebo (72 patients). The ketotifen group was larger to allow the accumulation of additional long-term safety data. The primary measure of therapeutic effect was a decrease in concomitant medication without a significant increase in symptomatology or a decrement in pulmonary functions. A patient daily diary was used to document symptoms (cough, shortness of breath, and wheeze) and concomitant medications taken during the 2-week baseline and the subsequent 12 monthly periods. After 2 months of study-drug therapy, the ketotifen patients had a greater decrease in both concomitant medication and symptomatology than either of the other groups. This delay in the onset of therapeutic activity has been observed in other studies and is characteristic of this compound. The principal side effect observed with ketotifen is initial sedation, which was found to be self-limiting and of little concern to the patient after the first month. PMID- 3897346 TI - Food composition data: problems and plans. AB - In summary, food composition data are of fundamental importance, and those food composition data now available leave much to be desired. INFOODS was organized as an international collaboration striving to improve the situation by linking those working in the field and identifying, organizing, and encouraging work in specific areas. The efforts of INFOODS will be successful only if all involved with food composition data realize that they are an important part of the collaboration. PMID- 3897347 TI - The carcinogenicity of caffeine and coffee: a review. AB - This article reviews 18 years of research on the carcinogenic effects of both caffeine and coffee. Caffeine, the most widely consumed drug in the United States, has been the subject of numerous studies. It has been found to both increase and decrease malignant cell development, on the cellular and subcellular level, depending on the carcinogen it is used with, the type of host cell, and the stage of cell cycle in which it is introduced. No causal relationship has been established between coffee intake and lower urinary tract cancer, pancreatic cancer, breast cancer or fibrocystic breast disease, ovarian cancer, or large bowel cancer. PMID- 3897348 TI - Hypothesis. Glucose as a mediator of aging. PMID- 3897349 TI - Hypoglycemia as a manifestation of sepsis in an elderly patient. PMID- 3897350 TI - The birth control movement in England and the United States: the first 100 years. PMID- 3897351 TI - The Houston myopia control study: a preliminary report by the patient care team. AB - The Houston Myopia Control Study is a 3-year randomized clinical trial designed to test the efficacy of bifocal lenses for the control of myopia. Each of 213 myopic subjects, between the ages of 6 and 15 years, was placed in either a single vision (standard treatment) group, a +1.00 D. add group, or a +2.00 D. add group, by means of a table of random numbers. Subjects in each of the 3 groups were matched on the basis of sex, age, and the amount of myopia. Subjects were accepted into the study during an 18-month period ending in September, 1982, so all subjects will have completed the study by September, 1985. The purpose of this preliminary report is to inform optometrists of the existence of the study and to discuss the factors that must be taken into consideration when designing a randomized clinical trial making use of bifocal lenses for the control of myopia. PMID- 3897352 TI - Estimation of protein molecular weights by high performance molecular-sieve chromatography on agarose columns in sodium dodecyl sulphate solution. AB - Calibration curves showing the linear relationship between -log KD and (molecular weight)2/3 are presented for proteins subjected to molecular-sieve chromatography in a 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulphate solution on crosslinked gels of different agarose concentrations (5, 9, 12 and 20%). These gels permit separation and estimation of molecular weights of proteins in the range 5000 to about 400 000, 130 000, 130 000, and 100 000, respectively. Separations of model proteins, heavy and light chains of gamma-globulin, and cyanogen bromide fragments of cellulase are shown. PMID- 3897353 TI - Membrane NMR: a dynamic research area. AB - Recent NMR relaxation studies of lipid bilayers and biomembranes are explained and briefly discussed. The results of both 2H and 13C NMR investigations suggest that, in addition to rapid local fluctuations of the hydrocarbon chains, slower, more collective motions of the bilayer exist. When the influence of the latter is recognized and properly accounted for, the contribution from local motions can be used to estimate a value for the microviscosity of the bilayer which corresponds to that of a simple n-paraffinic liquid. In general, the dynamic behavior of lipid bilayers as studied by NMR appears quite similar to that of simpler liquid crystals. PMID- 3897354 TI - The ventromedial hypothalamic area and the vagus are neural substrates for anticipatory insulin release. AB - It has been clearly demonstrated in a number of animal species including man, that insulin secretion can occur in response to sensory stimuli associated with meal taking and in advance of any ingestional rise in blood nutrients. The neural basis of this anticipatory insulin rise is poorly delineated and was therefore investigated in two experiments. In the first, rats with electrolytic lesions of the ventromedial hypothalamic area (VMH), or sham lesions were assessed and in the second experiment rats with bilateral subdiaphragmatic vagotomies or sham vagotomies were studied. In both experiments rats with jugular cannulae were conditioned to expect a meal 5 min following the beginning of a complex (light, tone and odor) stimulus. On the test trial the stimulus was given but no meal was forthcoming. Blood was sampled via the jugular catheter before and during the stimulus presentation. In both experiments the control rats showed a significant insulin rise during the stimulus presentation. However, neither the VMH-lesioned nor the vagotomized rats showed any significant change in insulin levels. The results clearly demonstrate an insulin rise to a complex sensory stimulus which has been paired with food and further show the dependence of that response on the integrity of the hypothalamic-vagal-visceral neural pathway. It is suggested that the VMH receives meal-associated sensory input and employs that information to prepare the animal metabolically for incoming nutrients. One aspect of this anticipatory mechanism is a vagally mediated insulin secretion. PMID- 3897355 TI - Effect of clonidine on glucose, insulin and glucagon responses to a protein meal in type 2 diabetics. AB - The authors investigated the effects of clonidine (alpha-2 stimulating agent) on blood glucose, insulin and glucagon levels in order to assess the alpha adrenergic regulation of endocrine pancreatic secretion. Ten hypertensive female subjects affected with type 2 diabetes were studied; each subject was given a protein meal (boiled beef 200 g); blood samples were taken at -30, 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min; after this test each subject was treated for 4 days with clonidine (0.150 mg, 3 times/day per os); at the 5th day the protein meal was repeated under the same conditions except for the added administration of clonidine. Plasma glucose, insulin and glucagon were estimated. The administration of a protein meal caused a significant increase of blood glucose (peak at 60 min), insulin (peak at 90 min) and glucagon (peak at 90 min) levels; the association of clonidine caused an increase of blood glucose (single values and total areas) without changes of insulin and glucagon levels, when compared to those obtained before clonidine treatment. In conclusion, the association of clonidine to a protein meal caused impaired glucose tolerance presumably due to a direct glycogenolytic effect, occurring in the liver on account of an alpha-2 receptor stimulation, insulin and glucagon not being involved in this phenomenon. PMID- 3897357 TI - [A clinical survey of overdentures with short metal copings]. PMID- 3897356 TI - Insulin receptors and insulin sensitivity in normo and hyperinsulinemic obese patients. AB - The authors have studied insulin receptors on peripheral blood monocytes and insulin sensitivity, evaluated by simultaneous infusion of glucose, insulin and somatostatin in 10 control subjects and in 20 obese patients with normal glucose tolerance. The obese patients have been divided into two groups, normo (NO) and hyperinsulinemic (HO), according to the total insulin response during OGTT. We considered HO patients with insulin response higher than M + 2DS of controls. Obese patients showed, in comparison to the controls, a lower specific binding and higher degree of insulin resistance. The subdivision of obese patients allowed us to distinguish two groups. The first was characterized by basal hyperinsulinemia, normal insulin response to the stimulus, reduced number of insulin receptors and normal or slightly reduced sensitivity. The second group showed high basal and after stimulus insulinemic values, reduced number of insulin receptors and high level of insulin resistance. When we compared the two groups of obeses we found that the first has a shorter duration of obesity and lower blood glucose values after OGTT. However both groups show the same reduction of insulin bound and the same degree of basal hyperinsulinemia. These data suggest that a reduction of insulin receptors is not the main factor responsible for insulin resistance in obesity. Furthermore, the presence of basal hyperinsulinemia and normal insulin sensitivity in our first group suggests that the modification of basal insulin concentrations is not dependent on the presence of insulin resistance. PMID- 3897358 TI - [Case reports of removable partial dentures with crown and sleeve-coping telescopic retainers]. PMID- 3897359 TI - [Fetal karyotyping of fetal blood obtained from the umbilical vein using ultrasound]. AB - The fetal karyotype was established during the second or third trimester of 18 at risk pregnancies after fetal blood sampling by direct puncture of the umbilical vein guided by real time ultrasound. Two karyotypes were abnormal. This rapid technique for karyotyping allows the obstetrician to decide early how the pregnancy should be conducted. PMID- 3897360 TI - [Clinically isolated discharges from the nipples. Apropos of 74 cases]. AB - 74 cases with discharge from the breasts were treated surgically by pyramidectomy and histology. The histology was studied. The causes were: 1) ectasia (55%), 2) papilloma (30%) and 3), much more rare, cancer (8%). A blood-stained discharge (31 cases, 42%) could be due to these three causes, but the 4 cancers and the 2 borderline lesions belonged to the group of blood-stained discharges. A serious discharge (17 cases, 23%) could be due to ectasia or a papilloma. A thick discharge (16 cases, 21.5%) is always due to ectasia. The lactiferous duct is treated clinically and using X-rays to outline it. X-ray diagnostic methods and cytology are used in making the diagnosis. Clusters of papillae show that there is intra-canular proliferation. The literature is reviewed and a scheme of treatment is outlined. PMID- 3897361 TI - [Utero-placental circulation]. PMID- 3897362 TI - [Inflammatory cancer of the breast. Assessment after 6 years of 16 patients treated by primary immunochemotherapy]. AB - Sixteen patients with clinical primary inflammatory carcinoma of the breast were treated with initial immunochemotherapy from September 1974 to May 1977. This chemotherapy was an association of adriamycin, vincristine, fluorouracil, methotrexate, and melphalan. Thermographic cooling was taken as the criterion of operability. Chemotherapy was resumed after surgery up to a total of ten periods, and followed by a minimum one year chemotherapy. I-BCG-F Pasteur was used as immunotherapy and associated with the chemotherapy regimen. Five patients have died, four are alive with disease, and seven are free of disease at time of reporting. Median survival exceeds 90 months. Our data supports the conclusion that mastectomy combined with preoperative and postoperative immunochemotherapy may permit a better prognosis for inflammatory carcinoma of the breast: this benefit seems to be the consequence of adapting the length of initial chemotherapy to the data given by plate-thermography. PMID- 3897363 TI - Bacteriological profile of diarrhoea of infants and toddlers in a semi-urban community. PMID- 3897364 TI - CEA immunoperoxidase staining. An applied research tool for a community hospital laboratory. PMID- 3897365 TI - Courting disaster. Recollections of an Indiana judge about Dr. E. Rogers Smith. PMID- 3897366 TI - "Consumption, heart-disease, or whatever": chlorosis, a heroine's illness in The Wings of the Dove. PMID- 3897367 TI - A strange case: the physician licensure campaign in Massachusetts in 1880. PMID- 3897368 TI - Dr. Black and the "amalgam question". PMID- 3897369 TI - Thomas Young, M.D. (1726?-1783) and obstetrical education at Edinburgh. PMID- 3897370 TI - Congenital syphilis and the Carabelli cusp. PMID- 3897371 TI - Role of the L3T4-antigen in T cell activation. II. Inhibition of T cell activation by monoclonal anti-L3T4 antibodies in the absence of accessory cells. AB - We have used two monoclonal antibodies (Mab) to the L3T4 antigen to reexplore the role of this molecule in the process of T cell activation. Both Mab (Gk1.5 and 2B6) were capable of inhibiting Con A-induced IL 2 production by a number of antigen-specific T cell hybridomas in an assay system that was free of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II antigen-bearing cells. The inhibition produced by the anti-L3T4 Mab was specific, because other Mab to cell surface antigens expressed on the hybridomas were without inhibitory effects. These studies rule out the possibility that the mechanism of inhibition by anti-L3T4 in this model is mediated by blocking interaction of L3T4 with MHC class II products. Taken together, these results and those of other groups of investigators, are most compatible with a dual function for L3T4 in T cell activation. L3T4 might first interact with MHC class II molecules or other molecules on target or accessory cells; L3T4 would subsequently transmit a signal that would regulate the activation process. Mab to L3T4 might exert inhibitory effects at one or both of these steps. PMID- 3897372 TI - Activation requirements of cloned inducer T cells. I. Differential inhibition by anti-L3T4 or anti-I-A is determined by the accessory cell population. AB - We have described a trinitrophenyl (TNP)-specific inducer clone, clone Ly-1-T1, which responds to a variety of different stimuli, including a) soluble TNP protein conjugates plus syngeneic (H-2d) spleen cells, b) TNP directly coupled to syngeneic or allogeneic spleen cells, and c) activated I-A identical B cells in the absence of nominal antigen. In the present study we used a panel of antibodies to investigate the recognition structures involved in the activation of clone Ly-1-T1 by these different stimuli. We show that allogeneic spleen cells must be conjugated by using relatively high concentrations of TNBS to be efficient stimulators of the clone. In contrast, syngeneic spleen cells conjugated by using a much wider range of concentrations will activate the clone. The response of the clone to TNP-coupled allogeneic spleen cells is inhibited by anti-L3T4 and anti-Ia antibodies. In contrast, stimulation of the clone with syngeneic spleen cells coupled by using the same concentrations of TNBS is not inhibited with either anti-Ia or anti-L3T4 antibody. The inhibition pattern observed with anti-Ia and anti-L3T4 antibodies was also determined by the nature of the accessory population used to present soluble TNP-protein conjugates. Anti I-Ad antibodies blocked the activation of clone Ly-1-T1 by TNP-protein plus splenic adherent cells, indicating the involvement of polymorphic I-A determinants in this response. Anti-L3T4 antibody had little or no effect on this response, suggesting that a significant L3T4-Ia interaction is not required. Finally, the response of the clone to activated B cells in the presence or absence of TNP-protein is exquisitely sensitive to inhibition by anti-L3T4 as well as anti-I-A antibodies. The data suggest that the requirement for an L3T4-I interaction depends on the combination of antigen and accessory cell type used to stimulate the clone. PMID- 3897373 TI - Physiology of IgD. V. Enhancement of antibody responses in vivo by allo anti-IgD is due primarily to an indirect effect on B cells. AB - Although responses of BALB/c mice to TNP-Ficoll or TNP-Brucella abortus are usually decreased by injection of allo anti-IgD (anti-Igh-5a) given 1 day before antigen, increased responses are obtained if a lymphokine mixture (SN) containing IL 2 is also injected. Simultaneous injection of anti-IgD and SN 4 days after priming with TNP-KLH induces an increase in antibody production similar to that induced by a second antigen injection. Injected together with a second injection of TNP-KLH at that time, anti-IgD and SN cause a synergistic enhancement of the secondary response. In allotype heterozygous (BALB/c X SJL)F1 mice injected with anti-IgD directed against one allotype, this enhancement of the secondary response is seen predominantly in the alternate allotype, because the IgG response of linked allotype specificity is slightly suppressed by the anti-IgD alone and is less enhanced than the alternate allotype by anti-IgD plus SN. Cells from unprimed heterozygous mice, incubated with anti-Igh-5a in vitro and transferred, together with antigen, to TNP-KLH-primed recipients, cause a much greater enhancement of the IgG responses of the Igb than of the Iga allotype in recipients. If, however, SN is also injected into the recipients, the anti-TNP response of both IgG allotypes is greatly enhanced. PMID- 3897374 TI - Identification of ribosomal protein autoantigens. AB - Approximately 20% of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and with anti-Sm autoantibodies synthesize autoantibodies, called anti-rRNP, to components of the ribosome. We found that anti-rRNP sera reacted predominantly with three ribosomal phosphoproteins of approximate Mr = 38,000, 16,000 and 15,000, both by immunoprecipitation and by immunoblotting. The human autoantibodies cross-reacted with similar antigens present in rodent, brine shrimp, and yeast cells but reacted weakly if at all with proteins of bacteria. Thus the human autoantibodies recognize epitopes that are widely conserved in evolution. Purified ribosomal proteins together with specific rabbit antisera were used to identify the two smaller rRNP antigens as the acidic phosphoproteins of the large ribosomal subunit, designated P1/P2(L40/L41) (rat), eL7/eL12 (Artemia, brine shrimp), and A1/A2 (yeast). These proteins function in the elongation step of protein synthesis in an analogous fashion to the L7/L12 ribosomal proteins of E. coli. The 38,000-dalton rRNP antigen corresponds to a nonacidic protein also associated with the large ribosomal subunit. The human autoantibodies appear to have a specificity similar to that of a previously described mouse monoclonal antibody obtained from mice injected with heterologous (chick) ribosomes, suggesting that both the human polyclonal autoantibodies and the mouse monoclonal recognize a class of epitope(s) that is common in all three ribosomal proteins. In addition, we found that many of the anti-ribosomal sera contained a further class of autoantibodies reactive with naked RNA. These may be similar to the anti-RNA antibodies previously described in both humans and mice with autoimmune disease. PMID- 3897375 TI - Analysis of lymphocytes infiltrating the thyroid gland of Obese strain chickens. AB - Lymphocytes were isolated from the infiltrated thyroid glands of 2- to 5-wk-old Obese strain (OS) chickens with spontaneous autoimmune thyroiditis (SAT). Immunofluorescence analysis performed by using a panel of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies revealed that 60% of thyroid infiltrating leukocytes (TIL) were mature T cells, a large portion of which seemed to be in an activated state bearing Ia-like antigens (10%) as well as a surface determinant associated with T cell activation (16%), i.e., possibly the receptor for interleukin 2 (IL 2). Furthermore, a relatively high plasma cell content (5%) was observed. TIL exhibited high proliferative responses to T cell mitogens (concanavalin A, phytohemagglutinin) and IL 2, but only weak responses to the B cell mitogen LPS from Salmonella typhimurium. When injected into newly hatched, MHC-identical, irradiated normal chickens, TIL induced both the production of autoantibodies and thyroid infiltration. Peripheral lymphocytes from spleen and blood and thymocytes from the same OS donors had no effect. Analysis of chemically (cyclophosphamide) bursectomized OS chickens suggested that an intact B cell system was not obligatory for the induction of SAT. TIL from these chickens consisted of 77% T cells and less than 1% B lymphocytes, yet were capable of inducing severe thyroid infiltration upon transfer into normal recipients. These findings emphasize the importance of the T cell system in the initiation of SAT. PMID- 3897376 TI - Role of N-acetyl-D-galactosamine residue on B151K12-derived T cell-replacing factor (B151-TRF) molecule in B cell-receptor binding and -stimulating activity. AB - The role of sugar moiety on T cell-replacing factor molecule derived from a monoclonal T cell hybridoma B151K12 (B151-TRF) was analyzed with respect to the interaction with receptor on B cells. The induction of B cell differentiation into Ig-secreting cells by B151-TRF was specifically inhibited by addition of N acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc) to culture. Such inhibition appeared to be attributed to the interference of GalNAc in the interaction of TRF with its receptor, because absorption of TRF activity with B cells was notably inhibited by the presence of GalNAc. To substantiate this point further, we established binding assay of B151-TRF molecule to the receptor on B cells by using 125I labeled TRF fraction enriched by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and gel filtration. The results revealed that the binding of 125I TRF molecule to the B cells was almost completely blocked by GalNAc. Moreover, the existence of GalNAc residue(s) on B151-TRF molecule was evidenced by the facts that 1) the TRF activity was eluted from lectin gels with specificity for GalNAc as revealed by the functional assay, and 2) the 125I-TRF molecule specifically bound to such lectin gels. Thus, the GalNAc residue(s) on B151-TRF molecule plays an important role in binding of TRF molecule to the receptor and in the stimulation of B cells. The molecular properties of B cell-stimulatory B151-TRF and its mode of interaction with corresponding receptor on B cells were discussed in the context of B151-TRF as a glycosylated lymphokine molecule and B151-TRF receptor as a carbohydrate-binding protein (animal lectin). PMID- 3897377 TI - Complement receptor type three-dependent degradation of opsonized erythrocytes by mouse macrophages. AB - The role of the complement receptor type 3 (CR3) on thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal macrophages (TG-PM) in the destruction of opsonized particles was studied. We found that sheep red blood cells (E) that were opsonized with an IgM monoclonal anti-Forssman antibody and complement (E-IgM-C) were lysed by TG-PM, whereas there was little lysis of E pretreated with either the antibody or the complement source alone. Furthermore, this lysis could be inhibited by anti-CR3 monoclonal antibodies that had previously been shown to inhibit binding of E-IgM C to the CR3. Kinetic studies of phagocytosis and lysis indicated that lysis of E IgM-C occurs after phagocytosis, suggesting that lysis is an intracellular event. Further findings suggested that intra-cellular lysis was promoted by CR3 bound to the phagocytosed target, because a monoclonal anti-CR3 antibody decreased the rate of phagocytosis of E-IgM-C but not its magnitude, whereas the rate and extent of lysis were strikingly inhibited. Furthermore, TG-PM that had already internalized unopsonized E selectively lysed E-IgM-C that were added later. These data confirm that the interaction of the CR3 with its ligand on E-IgM-C promotes rapid phagocytosis, and further suggest that the CR3 facilitates degradation of the target particle once internalization has occurred. PMID- 3897379 TI - Adoptive transfer of anti-syphilis immunity with lymphocytes from Treponema pallidum-infected guinea pigs. AB - Spleen and lymph node cells taken from strain 2 and strain 13 guinea pigs at the peak of their primary immune response to cutaneous syphilitic infection could transfer partial protection to symptomatic disease to normal syngeneic recipients challenged with the Nichols strain of Treponema pallidum. These recipients of immune cells had significantly fewer treponemes disseminating to the regional lymph nodes and developed fewer and less severe cutaneous lesions that resolved faster than those in guinea pigs that had been infused with normal lymphoid cells. Immune donor cells also had the capacity to transfer specific delayed-type hypersensitivity responses for T. pallidum antigens. Both T and B cells were effective in conferring anti-syphilis immunity which was associated with the almost immediate development and persistence of substantially elevated levels of circulating anti-treponemal antibody in the protected recipients. Our findings in this adoptive transfer system provide the first direct experimental evidence implicating both cellular and humoral components of the immune response as important effector mechanisms in host resistance to the pathogenic spirochete causing venereal syphilis. PMID- 3897378 TI - Isoelectric focusing of human antibody to the Haemophilus influenzae b capsular polysaccharide: restricted and identical spectrotypes in adults. AB - Serum antibody to the capsular polysaccharide of Haemophilus influenzae b of human adults was analyzed by isoelectric focusing. Restricted antibody spectrotype patterns were commonly observed with as few as one spectrotype in some subjects after immunization with the isolated capsular polysaccharide. Some patterns were as restricted as human hybridoma antibody. There was no correlation of antibody titer and heterogeneity of patterns. The dominant spectrotype persisted unchanged for over 2 yr after immunization, and the pattern detected in preimmunization serum samples persisted unchanged after immunization. Indistinguishable patterns were commonly observed in genetically unrelated adults. Adults immunized with conjugate vaccines, which were composed of oligosaccharides prepared from the capsular polysaccharide that were covalently linked to protein carriers, also produced restricted serum antibody spectrotype patterns. Immunization with the cross-reactive polysaccharide of E. coli K100 induced a spectrotype pattern that was restricted but different from that induced by the H. influenzae b capsular polysaccharide. PMID- 3897380 TI - Detection of Plasmodium falciparum using a radioimmunoassay based on a crossreacting, monoclonal anti-P. berghei antibody-P. berghei antigen system. AB - An antibody binding-inhibition test is described, which allows the detection of P. falciparum in red blood cells (RBC) infected in vitro, using a crossreacting, monoclonal anti-P. berghei antibody and P. berghei coated microtiter plates. Experiments carried out to determine the coating efficiency of various P. berghei and P. falciparum derived antigen preparations showed that intact, saponin freed P. berghei parasites and sonicated, RBC parasitized with P. falciparum had the highest binding activity. Binding of the monoclonal antibody to the antigen coated plates was effectively inhibited by preincubation with sonicated, P. falciparum infected RBC. The minimal degree of infection detectable was about 0.008% parasitemia (400 parasitized RBC/microliters blood). The sensitivity of detection was not appreciably affected by the source of the coating antigen. We conclude that the difficulty and expense involved in the use of P. falciparum based immunodiagnostic tests for large scale screening for malaria can be obviated by making use of P. berghei based assays. PMID- 3897381 TI - Quantitation of 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine incorporation into DNA: an enzyme immunoassay for the assessment of the lymphoid cell proliferative response. AB - As an alternative to the measurement of radiolabeled thymidine incorporated into DNA, a method is presented in which thymidine has been replaced by its analogue, 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BUdR). BUdR incorporated into DNA (BUdR-DNA) is measured by a sandwich-type enzyme immunoassay using a monoclonal anti-BUdR antibody. This method allows the quantitation of 4 ng of BUdR-DNA. Comparative experiments with myeloma cells and LPS stimulated spleen B-cells have shown that this technique is at least as sensitive as the traditional counting of [3H]thymidine. PMID- 3897382 TI - Homogeneous colorimetric enzyme inhibition immunoassay for cortisol in human serum with Fab anti-glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase as a label modulator. AB - The Fab fragment of rabbit IgG antibody to bacterial glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase covalently linked to the cortisol retained the capacity to inhibit the enzyme completely. In optimal conditions the antibody to cortisol effectively bound the cortisol residues of the cortisol-Fab conjugate, making it incapable of inhibiting the enzyme. The enzyme modulatory properties of the cortisol-Fab conjugate were exploited to set up a direct competitive homogeneous enzyme immunoassay for cortisol in human serum. The procedure involved the use of the auxiliary enzyme diaphorase, specific for NADH, which converts the nitro blue tetrazolium salt to a colored formazan. The procedure detects modulated glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase activity by a single-point measurement without serum interference. The assay working range was between 20 and 640 micrograms/1 of cortisol and used 50 microliters of sample. PMID- 3897383 TI - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for thyroxine in dried blood spotted on filter paper. AB - We have developed a rapid and sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for thyroxine (T4) in dried blood samples spotted on filter paper. The assay is carried out on microtiter plates without extraction or centrifugation steps. The detection limit of the assay is 5 pg/disc/well, equivalent to 1.25 micrograms/1 of whole blood or 2.5 micrograms/1 of serum. Intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation for various T4 concentrations are 2.4-9.0% and 5.9-17.5% respectively. Correlation between the proposed ELISA method and the RIA is good (r = 0.900, n = 62, y(RIA) = 0.99x(ELISA) + 9.90). The ELISA method is useful for mass-screening of neonatal congenital hypothyroidism using dried blood samples on filter paper, is very simple and one person can assay more than 300 samples per day. PMID- 3897384 TI - Modulation of lymphokine-induced macrophage activation by estrogen metabolites. AB - Pharmacological doses of estrogens such as 17-beta estradiol (17- beta E) and diethylstilbestrol (DES) activate macrophages in a thymic-dependent manner in vivo. In this report, we investigated the direct in vitro effects of 17- beta E and its major metabolites on macrophage activation in response to lectin stimulated lymphocyte supernatants containing macrophage-activating factor (MAF), a T cell lymphokine (LK). Activation was measured in terms of macrophage cytostasis against cultured tumor cells. As suggested by previous studies with quinone metabolites of benzene, the catechol estrogen metabolite 2-OH estrone (2 OH E) was the most potent metabolite at suppressing LK-induced macrophage activation. However, if macrophages were first LK-induced, and then exposed to estrogens before addition of tumor cells, then all the estrogens, including 2-OH E, enhanced cytostasis. These observations suggested membrane-mediated immunomodulation of macrophage function by estrogen metabolites and, indirectly, a role for the thymus in these effects via the maintenance of a mature, LK producing T cell population necessary for macrophage activation. PMID- 3897385 TI - Anaerobes in acute otitis media. PMID- 3897386 TI - Diversity of Escherichia coli isolates in extra-intestinal infections as determined by enzyme patterns. PMID- 3897387 TI - Recovery of blood-borne bacteria from human urine. AB - Recovery from the urine of organisms causing bacteraemia may depend on the bacterial species involved. The survival of the more common species of bacteria which cause bacteraemia was examined in human urine, serum and normal saline. All species survived well or grew in serum. Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus sanguis and group A streptococci were killed in all urine samples. The number of colony-forming units of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus saprophyticus and group B streptococci either remained the same or increased in the urine, while the numbers of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae increased rapidly. These data suggest that the observed differences in recovery from urine of these bacterial species that cause bacteraemia are related to the viability of the species in human urine. PMID- 3897389 TI - Chloroquine-resistant malaria from Bombay. PMID- 3897388 TI - Legionella lung abscess after renal transplantation. AB - Although Legionella infections have been widely reported, the clinical importance of Legionella lung abscess has not been sufficiently emphasised. A renal transplant recipient with a pulmonary abscess due to Legionella pneumophila is presented and 21 other cases from the literature are reviewed. Seven abscesses arose in renal transplant patients. Even though an abscess may develop during treatment, superimposed infection with other micro-organisms appears to be uncommon, and an abscess may be expected to resolve with prolonged appropriate antimicrobial therapy alone. Recognition of lung abscess as a complication of legionella infection will therefore prevent unnecessary operations. PMID- 3897390 TI - Effects of UV radiation on autoimmune strains of mice: increased mortality and accelerated autoimmunity in BXSB male mice. AB - Systemic lupus erythematosus is an immunologically mediated autoimmune disease which has been reported to be aggravated by certain environmental agents such as ultraviolet irradiation (UV). To further investigate this interaction, we examined the consequences of UV exposure on the autoimmune process of several strains of autoimmune mice. Strains of age- and sex-matched, 3- to 4-month old, autoimmune (MRL-lpr/lpr, (NZB X NZW)F1, BXSB) and nonautoimmune (BALB/c, B10.A) mice were shaved and exposed to an acute (2 h daily X 7 days) and a chronic (3 h/weekly X 4 weeks) dose of UV (FS40 lamps, 2 mJ/cm2/s). UV-induced changes in survival, autoantibody production, splenic B-cell activity, and target organ pathology were examined. After an acute UV exposure there were (10/15) deaths in the UV BXSB males and (4/15) in the UV BXSB females, compared to (1/15) in the non-UV BXSB male group and (0/15) in the non-UV BXSB females. No deaths occurred in the other UV autoimmune or nonautoimmune groups. Likewise, chronic UV resulted in increased UV BXSB male mortality (13/15) compared to UV BXSB females (2/15) and non-UV BXSB males and females. No deaths occurred in the other autoimmune (MRL-lpr/lpr, (NZB X NZW)F1) or nonautoimmune (BALB/c, B10.A) strains, after chronic UV exposure. Equivalent doses of Mylar-filtered FS40 UV (UVB deleted) resulted in no deaths in the UV BXSB male group. Acute and chronic UV also resulted in a significant increase in serum single-stranded DNA antibody production, splenic polyclonal B-cell activity, and renal glomerular inflammatory changes in the UV BXSB male mice. Thus, UV resulted in premature death and accelerated autoimmunity in UV BXSB males and may serve as a useful model for phototoxicity in autoimmunity. PMID- 3897391 TI - Localization of bullous pemphigoid antigen (BPA) in isolated human keratinocytes. AB - In early studies, the bullous pemphigoid antigen (BPA) has been localized extracellularly in the lamina lucida in the basement membrane zone. However, trypsin-dissociated basal cells can be tagged with bullous pemphigoid sera (BPS). By immunofluorescence, BPA appears located at the dermal pole of basal cells (BC). This may indicate that when BC are separated from the underlying matrix molecules, chunks of BPA remain attached to them. In the present study, fresh crude initial suspensions (CIS) of epidermal cells were prepared by trypsin-EDTA dissociation. The cells were smeared and air-dried. Polar fluorescent cells (i.e., BC) amounted to 42% +/- 7%. CIS were then passed through a fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS). In the fluorescent-positive fractions selected by FACS, 34% +/- 7% only of the BC were present. FACS-negative cell fractions were smeared on glass slides, air-dried, and restained with BPS + fluorescein isothiocyanate; 66% +/- 10% of BC were present in these fractions. This is evidence that trypsin-isolated BC comprise two subpopulations: one with BPA directly accessible, the other not. Viability tests and tissue culture studies indicated that the FACS-positive cell fractions were not viable. BPA was extracted from CIS, FACS-positive, and FACS-negative fractions and immunoblotted against BPS. Identical blots were found. FACS-negative cell fractions were treated with heparitinase, nitrous acid, methanol-chloroform, or EDTA without modifying the number of reacting cells. When BC were treated with Triton X-100 or permeabilized by successive freezings and thawings, the number of positive cells became comparable to those obtained by air-drying smears. Finally, BPA was localized on the intracellular part of hemidesmosomes of BC by immunoelectron microscopy. To see whether BPA was also present extracellularly, suction blisters were raised in minipigs and BPS injected into the blister cavity. BPA was found attached to all cells of the cellular roof but not to the dermal base of the blisters. When pieces of skin kept overnight in cold trypsin were reacted with BPS, BPA was found on both sides (epidermal and dermal) of the split. It is concluded that BPA has two localizations: one extracellular, essentially labile which accumulates at the dermal-epidermal junction; the other essentially stable which remains on the intracellular part of basal cell hemidesmosomes and which can be detected after permeabilization of the cells. PMID- 3897392 TI - Effect of captopril on transplanted schistosome egg granulomas in skin. AB - Groups of athymic nude (nu/nu) and littermate (nu/+) mice received transplants into skin of hepatic egg granulomas isolated from Schistosoma mansoni-infected nu/+ mice. Some were fed captopril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, and other animals served as controls. Lesions were removed at 2, 4, and 6 weeks after implantation and prepared for light and electron microscopy. The number of new egg granulomas repopulated by recipient cells was compared by counting more than 100 eggs per specimen, randomly, double blind, and the effects of captopril on developing granulomas were determined. Results in nude mice indicated a trend for increasing granuloma takes with time in captopril-treated animals compared to controls, especially in mice who started therapy 2 weeks after transplantation. In nu/+ recipients the differences were more striking and statistically significant at 2 and 6 weeks after grafting. The granulomas in treated mice in both groups were larger than those in controls, but the cellular composition in the granulomas that developed were similar. New granulomas consisted mainly of eosinophils and mixed-function macrophages, although some purely secretory macrophages also were seen. The findings demonstrate that captopril ingestion enhanced granulomatous inflammation induced by skin transplantation of schistosome egg granulomas and significantly increased isograft takes. The results may have relevance for treating cutaneous diseases like sarcoidosis with captopril. PMID- 3897393 TI - The occurrence and immunology of peptidylarginine deiminase and its preparation from bovine epidermis by an improved method. AB - Peptidylarginine deiminase activity has been found in some tissues from at least one representative of each vertebrate class, suggesting that the occurrence of the enzyme throughout the vertebrates is widespread. Using a three-step procedure including affinity chromatography on arginine agarose, a greatly improved purification of bovine epidermal peptidylarginine deiminase is presented. The purified enzyme preparation contains a 70-75 kD band and several minor components when examined by sodium dodecyl sulfate electrophoresis. A polyclonal antibody raised to the enzyme of bovine brain cross-reacts with human and newborn rat epidermis by indirect immunofluorescence. This cross-reactivity is markedly diminished by absorption of the antibody to the purified brain enzyme. PMID- 3897394 TI - The effects of antipsoriatic treatment on cutaneous blood flow in psoriasis measured by 133Xe washout method and laser Doppler velocimetry. AB - In 8 patients with psoriasis vulgaris, the cutaneous blood flow (CBF) was measured simultaneously in both involved and uninvolved psoriatic skin before (i.e., on the first day of hospitalization) and on the 3rd, 7th, 14th, and 28th days of treatment with tar. The 133Xe washout method was used after epicutaneous labeling and compared to the laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV) technique. Control experiments were performed in 10 normal individuals. Before treatment the mean CBF in involved psoriatic skin was 62.6 +/- 18.7 SD ml X (100 g X min)-1, which is significantly higher than CBF of uninvolved skin in psoriatic patients, 9.5 +/ 4.0 SD ml X (100 g X min)-1, (p less than 0.01) and is 13.6 times higher than CBF in the normal individuals (p less than 0.01). Fifty hours following onset of treatment (i.e., after only 2 applications of tar), mean CBF of the involved psoriatic skin had decreased significantly to 35.0 +/- 13.9 SD ml X (100 g X min) 1, (p less than 0.01), which was not statistically different from the CBF on the 7th day. During the following weeks, the CBF in involved psoriatic skin decreased at a more moderate rate than that observed during the first week and was 15.0 +/- 6.1 SD ml X (100 g X min)-1 on the 28th day. This value is not significantly different from the CBF of uninvolved skin in these patients. At the end of treatment, the CBF of the uninvolved skin had decreased significantly (p less than 0.05) in all the patients to values similar to those observed in the skin of normal individuals. A parallel decline was observed in a clinical psoriatic score index; however, it is not known whether the observed decrease in CBF was preceded or succeeded by the clinical improvement. A comparison of the 133Xe measurements and LDV measurements in the normal individuals by linear regression analysis yielded a correlation coefficient of -0.24 (N = 20, p greater than 0.05). In the skin of psoriatic patients the correlation coefficient was 0.01, (N = 47, p greater than 0.05) for unaffected skin, and 0.61 (N = 47, p less than 0.001) in the involved psoriatic skin sites. The LDV measurements did not reflect changes in the uninvolved skin in psoriatic patients during treatment and resulted in a remarkably high C.V. in the bilateral measurements of skin in normal individuals (43.8%) compared to the C.V. of 133Xe flow measurements (14.8%). It is concluded that while the LDV method gives a rough estimate of blood flow in cutaneous tissue with a high capillary perfusion rate, inaccurate measurements are made in skin areas with normal to twice the normal CBF range. PMID- 3897395 TI - Therapeutic efficacy of continuous versus intermittent administration of ceftazidime in an experimental Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumonia in rats. AB - An experimental Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumonia in rats was used to study the influence of continuous or of intermittent (8-hr intervals) administration of ceftazidime on therapeutic efficacy. Antimicrobial response was evaluated with respect to the calculated total daily dose that protected 50% of the animals from death (PD50) until 16 days after termination of a four-day treatment. When antibiotic treatment was started 5 hr after bacterial inoculation, the PD50 values after continuous and after intermittent administration of ceftazidime were 0.36 and 1.42 mg/kg per day, respectively (P less than .001). With a delay in the administration of the antibiotic to 34 hr after inoculation, the respective PD50 values were 1.08 and 13.06 mg of ceftazidime/kg per day (P less than .001). These studies show an improved therapeutic efficacy that increased with a delay in treatment when ceftazidime was administered by continuous infusion as compared with administration at 8-hr intervals. Continuous administration of PD50 doses of ceftazidime resulted in serum levels that were constantly below the MIC of the infecting Klebsiella strain. PMID- 3897396 TI - Screening for Chlamydia trachomatis infection in an inner-city population: a comparison of diagnostic methods. PMID- 3897397 TI - Induction of the early hypotensive phase by Escherichia coli: role of bacterial surface structures and inflammatory mediators. AB - An early hypotensive phase was induced in rats by different strains of Escherichia coli and cell wall fractions to study the role of the bacterial surface structure, the complement system, histamine, and serotonin in induction of hypotension. E. coli strains with only core glycolipid (E. coli strain J5) or with intact lipopolysaccharide O antigens on their surface induced hypotension and thrombopenia within 5 min after intravenous administration. This response was reduced by prior decomplementation of the rats and by methysergide, a serotonin antagonist. Two K antigen-positive strains induced no hypotension except after removal of K antigen. The isolated lipopolysaccharide fractions and the lipid A subfractions, but not the polysaccharide subfractions, were also able to induce hypotension. Thus the core glycolipid structure, by interactions that involve platelets and the complement system, is mainly responsible for induction of an early hypotensive phase in rats, and K antigens interfere with this response. PMID- 3897398 TI - Synergy between penicillins and low concentrations of gentamicin in the killing of group B streptococci. AB - Antimicrobial sensitivity, synergy, and timed-killing assays were determined for 20 strains of group B streptococci isolated from cultures of blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of infected neonates. The mean minimal inhibitory concentrations by the tube-dilution method were as follows: penicillin, 0.02 microgram/ml; ampicillin, 0.05 microgram/ml; and gentamicin, 4.5 micrograms/ml. No synergy was detected with any combination of penicillin or ampicillin and gentamicin by the checkerboard titration method. Killing kinetics were determined for combinations of penicillin or ampicillin and gentamicin at low concentrations of these antibiotics comparable to those attained in the CSF following systemic administration of these antibiotics. Addition of 0.1 microgram and 0.5 microgram of gentamicin/ml to penicillin or ampicillin significantly accelerated the killing of group B streptococci. Despite the "poor" permeation of gentamicin into the CSF, the accelerated killing of streptococci at low concentrations of this antibiotic provides a rationale for the initial use of a combination of penicillin or ampicillin and gentamicin in the treatment of group B streptococcal meningitis. PMID- 3897399 TI - Cutaneous, ocular, and osteoarticular candidiasis in heroin addicts: new clinical and therapeutic aspects in 38 patients. AB - Of 38 heroin addicts treated for systemic candidal infections, 36 had metastatic cutaneous lesions (deep-seated scalp nodules and pustulosis in hairy zones), 15 had ocular localizations (mainly chorioretinitis), and 10 had osteoarticular involvement (vertebrae, costal cartilage, knees, and sacroiliac). Such cutaneous lesions have not previously been described in classical systemic candidiasis; we also observed hair invasion by candidal hyphae. Candida albicans was the exclusive species isolated, in contrast to other visceral candidiases in heroin addicts. All isolates were sensitive to amphotericin B, flucytosine, and ketoconazole. Thirty-one visceral localizations were treated only with ketoconazole. Results were favorable in 15 of 18 cutaneous, 6 of 6 ocular, and 4 of 7 osteoarticular cases of involvement. This outbreak coincided with introduction of a new heroin on the drug market in the Paris area. C. albicans was not isolated from the drug. Pathogenesis of this syndrome is unclear. PMID- 3897400 TI - Recent trends in the importation of malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum into the United States from Africa. AB - National malaria surveillance data were reviewed in an analysis of the epidemiological impact of the transmission of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum in Africa on malaria in the United States. Between 1975 and 1983, P. falciparum infections acquired by U.S. citizens who visited East Africa, especially Kenya, increased 21-fold. Estimated attack rates for P. falciparum per 100,000 U.S. travelers to Kenya rose from 21.2 cases in 1977 to 83.3 cases in 1982, a rise suggesting that the increase in imported malaria was not due to increased travel. The percentage of reported cases in U.S. citizens with P. falciparum infections acquired in East Africa who indicated having used chloroquine prophylaxis increased from 22.2% in 1978 to 75.8% in 1983; in contrast, no change in the reported use of chloroquine prophylaxis was observed in those infected in West Africa during the same period. These results suggest that chloroquine can no longer be considered a highly effective drug for prevention of malaria caused by P. falciparum in U.S. travelers to East Africa. PMID- 3897401 TI - Praziquantel for the treatment of Clonorchis/Opisthorchis infections: report of a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. PMID- 3897402 TI - Levamisole in the treatment of E.N.L. in leprosy. PMID- 3897403 TI - Isoenzymes of mycobacteria. II. Relevance of LDH zymograms in taxonomy and identification. AB - The cell free extracts of mycobacteria namely M. kansasii M. avium, M. tuberculosis, BCG (Glaxo), M. gastri, M. phlei, M. smegmatis, M. vaccae, M. strain w., M. scrofulaceum, M. gordonae, M. nonchromogenicum E. coli, Staph, aureus, and M. leprae infected skin have been electrophoresed and stained for LDH activity. Normal skin tissue was also taken as control. It was found that all the organisms tested showed distinct species specific LDH isoenzyme patterns. There was no extra band but an aberrant zone of LDH activity was seen in M. leprae infected human skin in comparison to LDH isoenzymes from normal skin. No strain variations was found among the different strains of species investigated. Results described in the present paper indicate that LDH isoenzyme patterns of mycobacteria could be of identification value at species level. PMID- 3897404 TI - Levamisole in cases of E.N.L. AB - Levamisole, the anthelmintic drug was tried in ENL (Erythema Nodosum Leprosum) cases using double blind control trial in dosage of 150 mg/day on three consecutive days for three months. It was found that levamisole was not effective in ENL cases and no severe side effect was seen in these cases. PMID- 3897405 TI - Absence of mycobactin in Mycobacterium leprae; probably a microbe dependent microorganism implications. AB - Ferric mycobactins were prepared from Mycobacterium phlei. Mycobacterium avium- intracellulare A and H, isolated respectively from armadillo and human leprosy specimens. Attempts were made to extract mycobactin from host grown M. leprae cells. The crude ferric mycobactin extracts were tested for growth supporting effect on the mycobactin dependent M. paratuberculosis strain ATCC 19698. Mycobactins prepared from M. phlei and the two M. avium--intracellulare strains had growth promoting effect on M. paratuberculosis. The same test organism did not grow in media supplemented with the extract prepared from M. leprae. Results indicate the absence of mycobactin from host grown M. leprae. Since M. leprae cells contain cytochrome c and since mycobactin is essential to growth of all mycobacteria, M. leprae might be considered as a microbe dependent microbe. It is proposed that secondary mycobacteria present in M. leprae infected humans and armadillos might provide mycobactin for in vivo multiplication of M. leprae. PMID- 3897406 TI - [Influenza genome and its expression]. PMID- 3897407 TI - [New physiological function of the growth hormone]. PMID- 3897408 TI - [Changes in active and inactive renin throughout pregnancy]. AB - There have been few reports about the changes in active and inactive renin throughout pregnancy. In this study, the changes in total and active renin concentrations during pregnancy were measured and their physiological roles are discussed. The present method employed radioimmunoassay of angiotensin I generated during incubation of plasma in an excess of sheep renin substrate. For determination of total renin concentration, inactive renin was activated by exposing plasma to trypsin. Concurrent with the progress of pregnancy, active renin increased gradually and reached its maximum during the third trimester, then fell sharply to first trimester levels by the fifth day of the puerperium. Total renin levels during pregnancy were about twice as high as puerperal levels. We found no difference in total renin levels between trimesters but a marked difference in individual women was observed. In the first trimester of pregnancy, inactive renin in plasma rapidly increased (to 4 times the average concentration in plasma of puerperal women), then declined slowly throughout pregnancy, and fell quickly after delivery. These results suggest that in pregnancy total renin levels are consistently elevated, 67% of which is inactive renin in the first trimester and active renin increases gradually with advancing gestation. After delivery, both active and inactive renin fall to normal levels within a few days. PMID- 3897409 TI - [Human in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer]. PMID- 3897410 TI - Studies on a new technique of simultaneous FHR recordings on single chart in twin pregnancy. PMID- 3897411 TI - [Antibody production by E. coli 0111: B4 endotoxin in germ-free and conventional rats]. PMID- 3897412 TI - [The basic analysis of friction sounds during root planing]. PMID- 3897413 TI - [Production of chemotactic factor for mononuclear cells from IgG cleavage with neutral thiol proteinase of dog PMN leukocyte]. PMID- 3897414 TI - [Assessment of the inflammatory condition of the periodontium. I. Measurement of the gingival bleeding index elicited by probing]. PMID- 3897415 TI - [Therapy of bone and joint infections]. PMID- 3897416 TI - [Primary care in orthopedics]. PMID- 3897417 TI - Free vascularised bone grafts in reconstruction of the upper extremity. AB - Free vascularised bone grafting was performed on six patients with large segmental bone defects following trauma, osteo-cutaneous defects and large bony defects following tumour resection. A free vascularised fibular graft was performed in five patients and a free iliac osteo-cutaneous flap was performed in one patient. In all patients, bony fusion was achieved by two to three months, without infection or recurrence of bone tumour. The donor site deficit was minimal. PMID- 3897418 TI - The use of thick split thickness grafts from the instep in paediatric hand surgery. AB - In skin grafting the hand restoration of function must always be the priority, but an acceptable appearance is also important and care should be taken in selecting a skin graft that matches the recipient site. The disadvantages of some traditional donor sites are outlined. A clinical study of thick, split-thickness grafts from the instep is described from which it is concluded that a good aesthetic result can be achieved without compromising hand function--but only in children and adolescents among whom there was no donor site morbidity. PMID- 3897419 TI - Microcomputer technology with the learning disabled: a review of the literature. PMID- 3897420 TI - Localization and characterization of macrophages in murine uterus. AB - Macrophages are known to be present in the murine uterus and are known to be among those cells comprising the uterine decidual response to pregnancy. The extent of macrophage involvement in the decidual response has not been documented, and there are unresolved questions regarding expression of markers normally associated with macrophages on cells within the decidua. Using tissue immunohistology, macrophages were identified in virgin and pregnant murine uteri. A significant increase in macrophage density was noted during all stages of pregnancy. When uteri from virgin and pregnant mice were enzymatically digested, 10% of uterine cells from virgin and 22% from pregnant mice expressed macrophage markers (binding of rabbit antimouse macrophage serum, Fc gamma receptor expression). Double labeling immunofluorescence demonstrated that the two markers were associated with the same cells. Those results were confirmed in "panning" experiments using a monoclonal antimouse macrophage reagent. In cell suspensions from pregnant murine (C3H/HeN) uteri, 50% of cells exhibiting macrophage markers were I-Ak positive, and macrophages accounted for nearly all I-Ak positive cells in uterine cell suspensions. The results of this study demonstrate that the murine decidual response to pregnancy includes an increase in Fc gamma receptor bearing macrophages and that a relatively high percentage of those macrophages are Ia positive. PMID- 3897421 TI - Activation of phagocytic cells' C3 receptors for phagocytosis. PMID- 3897422 TI - A macrophage-derived factor that inhibits the production and action of interleukin 2. AB - The human monocytic leukemia cell line THP-1 produces an immunosuppressive factor that inhibits interleukin 1 (IL-1)-dependent proliferation of mouse thymocytes as well as the mitogenic effects of concanavalin A (Con A) and phytohemagglutinin (PHA) on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The mechanism of action of this factor includes interference with both the production of interleukin 2 (IL 2) and its effects on target cells. Thus, the suppressor abrogates the proliferation of an IL-2-dependent cytotoxic T cell line (CTLL), but not of IL-2 independent cells like the L929 fibroblasts or the EL4 T lymphoma and U937 histiocytic lymphoma lines. It also suppresses IL-2 production by human peripheral blood enriched T cells and mouse splenocytes. The mediator has a molecular weight of 60,000-70,000 dalton, as determined by gel filtration chromatography, is heat labile, and is sensitive to trypsin, chymotrypsin, and protease. PMID- 3897423 TI - An inhibitory factor against monocyte spreading in the sera of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - The effect of the sera of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) on monocyte function was studied using cell spreading as an indicator. Monocyte spreading induced by exogenous stimuli was shown to be inhibited by SLE sera. Gel filtration of SLE sera on Sephadex G-200 revealed that the factor responsible for this inhibition had a molecular weight of about 50,000. Pretreatment of monocytes with the inhibitory factor led to suppression of cell spreading induced by subsequent stimulation, but this hyporeactivity was reversible. Spreading of monocytes was rapidly aborted by the addition of this inhibitory factor. Thus, the inhibitory factor appeared to affect monocyte itself, but its effect seemed to be transient. PMID- 3897424 TI - Role of acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase in cellular cholesterol metabolism. PMID- 3897425 TI - [Ultrasonic test of key zones and collateral pathways in cases of arteriopathies of the lower extremities]. AB - Justification is provided for the use of maximal methodology of the Doppler arterial examination of lower limbs by an improved approach to the collateral and distal networks and the detection of possibly dangerous lesions in key zones such as the femoral fork. Details are given of the method used for examination of iliac artery axes, the femoral artery intersection, the deep femoral and popliteal arteries and the popliteal supply network, as well as for rating of the distal tibial circulation. PMID- 3897426 TI - [Role of sonography. What more does it contribute than the Doppler test in the search for supra-aortic trunk lesions in the assessment of a patient presenting with a lower-limb arteriopathy?]. AB - Supra-aortic trunk lesions were present in 40% of patients with constricted stage II, and stages III and IV of lower limb arteriopathy, while 17.5% presented hemodynamically significant stenotic lesions. It appears essential, therefore, to perform Doppler tests during routine investigations, particularly since most of these patients will improve after surgery. The Doppler ultrasound and echotomographic examinations are complementary and indissociable. The former studies hemodynamics and the latter the arterial condition of the tissue and its pathologic variations (regular hyperechogenic plaque, intraluminal irregular, only slightly echogenic plaque, aneurysm). The Doppler ultrasound test is an important and sufficient investigation, particularly for hemodynamic lesions: thrombosis, prethrombotic states and stenosis greater than 70%, whereas the ultrasonographic examination is confirmatory in non-hemodynamically significant cases. Combining these two exploratory procedures can optimize management, indications for arteriography and the choice of therapy in these patients with multiple arterial lesions. PMID- 3897427 TI - [Combined study of carotid bifurcations using intravenous computed angiography and Doppler ultrasound in lower-limb arteritis]. AB - Carotid artery bifurcations were studied in 18 patients with arteritis, by Doppler ultrasound imaging and intravenous computed angiography. Both techniques are reliable examinations for detection of stenosed carotid artery lesions. Combining the two is increasingly used as a reliable means of exploration of stenosis of the carotid artery bifurcations. They therefore reduce the need for the more invasive conventional arteriography. PMID- 3897428 TI - [Value of a neurologic assessment when faced with the discovery of a cervical lesion using the Doppler method]. AB - Four situations are envisaged for which a Doppler "unravelling" examination in a patient with arteritis, conducted on a routine basis, led to the detection of stenotic or occlusive lesions of neck vessels. The first case concerns a patient with a recent or long-standing permanent neurological disorder related to an established cerebral lesion. Once the latter has been confirmed as being due to the cervical lesion then angiography is not always essential, since treatment of an established vascular accident is usually ineffective. The second case involves asymptomatic patients with a history indicative of one or more transient episodes suggestive of carotid or vertebro-basilar insufficiency. This situation is the one where most benefit can be obtained from future investigations. The case of a patient with "cerebral circulatory insufficiency" is discussed ant the different clinical pictures produced outlined, while emphasizing that this term should not be used too easily for all presenile intellectual deterioration states. Finally, the last situation is that of an asymptomatic patient (rarely referred to the neurologist for an opinion): various topoghraphic, clinical and paraclinical factors must then be assessed before deciding to continue or not with investigations. PMID- 3897429 TI - [The fate of patients with carotid stenosis. Comparative study, based on the literature, of their natural history and evolution under medical treatment or following endarterectomy]. AB - The aim of therapy of carotid artery stenosis is to reduce the number of cerebral ischemic accident complications, but marked uncertainty exists at the present time as to the spontaneous course of these stenotic lesions and the efficacy of the different treatments proposed. After a transient ischemic accident (TIA) there is a 37% risk of a vascular accident (CVA) of a more definite type occurring within 5 years but only 1/4 of these patients die of cerebral complications, death in half of the cases being of coronary origin. Very rapid treatment with anticoagulants after TIA slightly diminishes the number of established cerebral ischemic accidents, but increases the risk of cerebral hemorrhage. Among the anti-aggregant agents, only Aspirin at high dosage (1 to 1.3 g/24 h) appears to be effective in preventing relapses of TIA and/or of CVA and/or on mortality which results from it. Carotid endarterectomy after TIA does not alter long-term survival, dependent on the increased cardiac mortality, but appears to reduce markedly the long-term recurrence rate of TIA and/or CVA. Globally, however, benefits of surgical treatment can be obtained only if post operative cerebral mortality and morbidity are extremely low, conditions obtained in highly specialized centers only. Spontaneous course of angiographically detected asymptomatic stenosis shows, for a mean 4-year survival, a relatively low level of TIA (3,3 to 19%) and of CVA (0 to 12%) whatever the anatomic type of the stenosis. Prophylactic endarterectomy in practised hands has a low operative mortality (0 to 2%), a limited perioperative cerebral morbidity (1.3 to 4.5%) and a satisfactory later relapse rate of CVA (less than 5% at 4 years). These findings indicate comparable courses for spontaneous and treated cases globally, as well as with respect to cardiac mortality. In the absence of randomized trials it is a controversial point as to whether carotid surgery is superior to a spontaneous course in cases of asymptomatic stenosis. PMID- 3897430 TI - [Etienne-Jules Marey]. PMID- 3897431 TI - [Monitoring by non-flowmeter vascular function tests following lumbar sympathectomy]. AB - Postoperative follow up examinations were conducted using vascular functional explorations (V.F.E.) including thermometry, Doppler, irrigraphy, digital plethysmography and tread mill. Immediate and long-term effects of lumbar sympathectomy have to be distinguished: the majority of hemodynamic variations noted are not due exclusively to lumbar sympathectomy, except for the iatrogenic development of vasomotor inertia (R.H.T. indifferent or negative) and perhaps values with time of the digital flow curve. Results of V.F.E. after lumbar sympathectomy are discussed in relation to three modalities and taking into account the efficacy and extent of the sympathetic chain resection. The question is raised as to the usefulness of lumbar sympathectomy when the pretreatment V.F.E. findings show hemodynamic elements of the type that would be expected after lumbar sympathectomy. PMID- 3897432 TI - Practice-based data set for a nursing information system. AB - It has been argued that nursing practice components are not sufficiently clarified to develop specifications for a nursing data set within an NIS. The purpose of this paper was to examine this assumption. Conclusions were drawn that both philosophically and conceptually, the components of practice are clear. In addition, a sufficient taxonomy for the content and structure of a data set is available. A draft of 17 items, categories, definitions, and rationale for inclusion is presented. Validity and reliability of the specified item-categories is discussed. As in any profession, work on the precision of patient descriptors and therapeutic interventions is ongoing. This work is greatly enhanced if a data set is computerized and the content and organization is consistent with practice components. Large-scale studies of item-categories can further refine the structure and organization of a nursing data set. PMID- 3897433 TI - Gas-containing brain abscess due to Bacteroides corrodens: a case report. PMID- 3897434 TI - Primary gastrointestinal lymphoma in Thailand. PMID- 3897435 TI - Ultrasonographic appearance of adult intussusception. PMID- 3897436 TI - Sealing ability of intermediate restoratives used in endodontics. PMID- 3897437 TI - THe acellular stroma of the chick cornea inhibits melanogenesis of the neural crest-derived cells that colonize it. AB - Neural crest (NC) cells from the periorbital mesenchyme (POM) invade the acellular stroma of the chick cornea at stage 27 of development (approximately 6 days). The invading cells become collagen-producing fibroblasts while the NC cells remaining in the POM differentiate into a wide range of cell types, the most easily recognizable of which is the pigment-producing melanocyte. In this paper, we report observations on the differentiation in vitro of cells within and migrating from explants of corneal stroma and compare their behaviour with that of cells within and migrating from explants of the POM. In approximately 70% of cases, POM explants produced black, eumelanin pigmentation within 2-3 days in culture and gave rise to a mixed outgrowth of fibroblasts and melanoblasts that produced brown pigment. In no case, however, did a corneal explant produce black pigment (so demonstrating that any POM contamination was negligible). However, in 28% of cultures from stage-27 and -28 corneas, some of the cells in the outgrowth contained brown pigment indistinguishable from that produced by the POM control, although the majority of the cells in each case were fibroblasts. Two lines of investigation demonstrated that this pigment was melanin: first, transmission electron microscopy showed that the pigment organelles were incompletely melanized, granular melanosomes; second, tests designed to demonstrate the presence of lipofuscin, an alternative pigment, proved negative. Migrating cells from older corneas, in contrast, showed no evidence of even the first stages of melanogenesis. These results show, first, that some of the NC cells that invade the cornea are at least bipotent and hence representative of the POM population rather than being a unique subgroup and, second, that the acellular stroma of the cornea determines the state of differentiation of the NC cells that colonize it. The results thus provide an unequivocal demonstration that extracellular matrix can induce postmigratory NC cells to differentiate into fibroblasts. PMID- 3897438 TI - Target cell surface glycoconjugates and neural induction in an amphibian. PMID- 3897439 TI - The in vitro development of blastocyst-derived embryonic stem cell lines: formation of visceral yolk sac, blood islands and myocardium. AB - The in vitro developmental potential of mouse blastocyst-derived embryonic stem cell lines has been investigated. From 3 to 8 days of suspension culture the cells form complex embryoid bodies with endoderm, basal lamina, mesoderm and ectoderm. Many are morphologically similar to embryos of the 6- to 8-day egg cylinder stage. From 8 to 10 days of culture about half of the embryoid bodies expand into large cystic structures containing alphafoetoprotein and transferrin, thus being analagous to the visceral yolk sac of the postimplantation embryo. Approximately one third of the cystic embryoid bodies develop myocardium and when cultured in the presence of human cord serum, 30% develop blood islands, thereby exhibiting a high level of organized development at a very high frequency. Furthermore, most embryonic stem cell lines observed exhibit similar characteristics. The in vitro developmental potential of embryonic stem cell lines and the consistency with which the cells express this potential are presented as aspects which open up new approaches to the investigation of embryogenesis. PMID- 3897440 TI - Abnormal skin development in pupoid foetus (pf/pf) mutant mice. AB - At 13 days of development the epidermis of mice homozygous for the pupoid foetus (pf/pf) mutation varies in thickness between one and ten cell layers. By 16 days of development cells from the dermis have invaded the epidermis and may be found throughout the epidermis and on its surface. Among these cells are nerve fibres and Schwann cells as well as other unidentified cells. Antibodies directed against fibronectin bind to these abnormal groups of cells in the mutant epidermis and on its surface. A basal lamina, as determined by ultrastructure and by the immunofluorescent localization of laminin, was always found at the interface of the mutant epidermis and the invading cell population. By 19 days of development the mutant epidermis is thickened and is permeated by a network of cells including nerve fibres, Schwann cells, blood vessels, and collagen and fibronectin-secreting cells. A basal lamina always separates these groups of invading cells from the epidermal cell population. PMID- 3897441 TI - Gene expression at the pink-eyed dilution (p) locus in the mouse is confirmed to be pigment cell autonomous using recombinant embryonic skin grafts. AB - Sash (Wsh), a viable and fully fertile allele of the dominant spotting (W) locus (Lyon & Glenister, 1982) has been used in a modified test system to investigate the site of gene expression at the pink-eyed dilution (p) locus. Reciprocal recombinant epidermal@dermal skin grafts were constructed from 13-day embryonic skin of p and Wsh homozygotes. Thus in the reciprocal experiments pink-eyed dilution melanocytes were exposed to any environmental influence from the wild type allele of the p locus in either the epidermis (when WshWsh) or the dermis (when WshWsh). The hair pigmentation of the grafts recovered after three weeks beneath the testicular tunica of adult male mice was always typical of the p phenotype showing that p is melanocyte autonomous. This result was supported by experiments using a modification of Mayer's (1965) neural crest grafting technique and the construction of 14-day recombinant skin grafts. Sash (WshWsh) epidermis can support melanocyte differentiation and pigment production but lacks functional melanocytes. The advantages of Wsh in experimental systems for testing the site of pigment gene expression have been demonstrated. Control experiments confirmed the dermal influence of agouti (A) over non-agouti (a) epidermis but non-agouti dermis did not overrule agouti pink-eyed dilution (AA pp) epidermis suggesting an epistatic effect of p in the melanocyte. PMID- 3897442 TI - Dynamics of tubulin structures in Xenopus laevis oogenesis. AB - The distribution of tubulin and/or tubulin-containing structures was examined in separate classes of Xenopus laevis oocytes and in germinal vesicles isolated from them. Although a monoclonal antibody has been used, the technique applied on paraffin sections does not allow clear-cut definition of the state of tubulin present (monomeric, dimeric or polymerized form); however, the probable existence of assembled microtubules is indicated by supplementary techniques, i.e. histology and immunoperoxidase staining. Immunofluorescence reveals maximum tubulin concentration in the Balbiani body and in a ring-shaped formation around the nucleus in young oocytes. The Balbiani body disintegrates in the course of vitellogenesis, granules formed from its periphery migrate into the cytoplasm and gradually fill the entire cytoplasm as radial cords. In the ring-shaped formation around the nucleus strongly fluorescent cords and fibres are formed, particularly on the future vegetal-half-facing part of the nucleus. Reorganization of tubulin may be related to the establishment of a structure directing two-way shifts (1) of cytoplasmic organelles from the Balbiani body to the cytoplasm, and (2) of yolk proteins containing endosomes derived from the endocytically active oolemma to the yolk platelets. A distinct fluorescent fibrillar network is found inside the isolated germinal vesicles, near the nucleus membrane. Peripheral nucleoli, often present in nuclear membrane protuberances, seem to be surrounded by this material, which is oriented along the surface, and as a basket towards the inside of the nucleus. It is assumed that the structures may participate in the transport of nucleoli from the nucleus to the cytoplasm via the nuclear envelope. PMID- 3897443 TI - The crossbridge mechanism of muscular contraction and its implications. AB - The basic features of the sliding-filament crossbridge mechanism are reviewed briefly, and some recent objections involving supposed changes in A-filament lengths are discussed. X-ray diffraction studies on live muscles show no sign of a decrease in axial spacing during contraction, and it is unlikely that a stepwise shortening or depolymerization of A-filaments would provide a plausible contraction mechanism. Thus electron microscope observations which occasionally are reported to show such length changes probably arise from experimental artefact, of which there are many sources. The factors which govern tension and speed in muscle contraction are described. Since all vertebrate striated muscles which have been studied have A-bands of at least approximately the same length, they are likely to have rather similar maximum isometric tensions. The design probably matches this tension to the strength of the filaments themselves. The large variations in shortening speeds between different muscles and different animals arise because of corresponding variations in the rates of particular steps in the crossbridge cycle and in the rate of ATP splitting by the actin myosin complex involved. Questions concerning the nature and the speed of the activation mechanism are also discussed. PMID- 3897444 TI - Development and adaptability of microvasculature in skeletal muscle. AB - In skeletal muscle, the size of the capillary bed is adapted to the type of muscle metabolism and can be altered by adaptation to different environments or increased activity. Muscle fibres with high aerobic metabolism have more capillaries, and an increase in aerobic metabolism is usually followed by capillary growth. It is assumed that local hypoxia - created by increased demand for oxygen during growth, cold exposure or increased activity - can stimulate proliferation of capillaries. Capillary density is reduced in parallel with enhanced glycolytic metabolism. The size of the capillary bed can also increase without any apparent change in the oxidative metabolism (e.g. in the early stages of chronic electrical muscle stimulation or as a result of long-term administration of vasodilating drugs), and it is argued that the growth of capillaries in these cases may be due to various mechanical factors connected with increased blood flow. PMID- 3897445 TI - Myosin isoenzymes as molecular markers for muscle physiology. AB - Myosin is a major component of skeletal muscle and it plays a central role in determining the physiological performance of adult tissue. Developing muscles contain myosin molecules which are different from the adult forms, and these isoenzymes have been found to be characteristic markers of the diverse physiological and pathological states of muscle tissue. The differences between these isoenzymes may be demonstrated by protein chemical, immunochemical and genetic evidence. The study of the sequential transitions between isoenzymes represents a means for characterizing the dynamic nature of muscle development, and neuronal and hormonal influences have been identified which contribute to the regulation of these transitions. The perspectives for future work include genetic studies, elucidation of the pathways relating extracellular signals to changes in gene expression, and the possibility that studies of myosin isoenzymes might further understanding of muscle pathology. PMID- 3897446 TI - Fate of bone marrow-derived cultured mast cells after intracutaneous, intraperitoneal, and intravenous transfer into genetically mast cell-deficient W/Wv mice. Evidence that cultured mast cells can give rise to both connective tissue type and mucosal mast cells. AB - Both connective tissue mast cells and mast cells grown in vitro are derived from multipotential hematopoietic stem cells, but these two mast cell populations exhibit many differences in morphology, biochemistry, and function. We investigated whether the phenotype of cultured mast cells or their progeny was altered when the cells were transferred into different locations in vivo. Cultured mast cells were immature by ultrastructure, and stained with alcian blue but with neither safranin or berberine sulfate, a fluorescent dye that binds to the heparin of connective tissue mast cell granules. By contrast, mast cells recovered from the peritoneal cavity of congenitally mast cell-deficient (WB X C57BL/6)F1-W/Wv (WBB6F1-W/Wv) mice 10 wk after intraperitoneal injection of cultured WBB6F1-+/+ or C57BL/6-bgJ/bgJ mast cells stained with both safranin and berberine sulfate. Staining with berberine sulfate was prevented by treatment of the cells with heparinase but not chondroitinase ABC, suggesting that the adoptively transferred mast cell population had acquired the ability to synthesize and store heparin. Furthermore, the recovered mast cells were indistinguishable by ultrastructure from the normal mature peritoneal mast cells of WBB6F1-+/+ mice, and contained substantially more histamine than mast cells studied directly from culture. Intravenous injection of cultured mast cells resulted in the development of safranin-and berberine sulfate-positive mast cells in the peritoneal cavity, spleen, skin, and glandular stomach muscularis propria. Mast cells also developed on the glandular stomach mucosa, but these cells stained with alcian blue rather than safranin, and did not stain with berberine sulfate. This result suggests that cultured mast cells can give rise to mast cells of either the connective tissue type or mucosal phenotype, depending on anatomical location. Furthermore, transplantation of cultured mast cells into WBB6F1-W/Wv mice had no measurable effect on the anemia of the recipient mice, suggesting a possible strategy for repairing the mast cell deficiency of WBB6F1 W/Wv mice without affecting other bone marrow-derived populations such as erythrocytes. Intravenous injection of representative connective tissue type mast cells (30-50% pure peritoneal mast cells derived from WBB6F1-+/+ mice) gave results similar to those obtained with cultured mast cells: mast cells developing in the peritoneal cavity, skin, spleen, and glandular stomach muscularis propria of WBB6F1-W/Wv recipients stained with safranin and berberine sulfate, whereas mast cells developing in the mucosa of the glandular stomach stained only with alcian blue.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3897447 TI - High incidence of B cell lymphomas derived from thymectomized AKR mice expressing TL.4 antigen. AB - AKR mice, 6-12 mo after birth, display a high incidence of spontaneous T cell lymphomas that can be prevented by thymus removal at the age of 1-3 mo. We report here the presence of dormant preleukemic cells among bone marrow cells of 8-12-mo old AKR mice that have been thymectomized when 40-60 d old. Transplantation of bone marrow cells from these thymectomized AKR donors into syngeneic or hybrid (AKR X DBA/2)F1 intact or thymectomized recipients resulted in lymphoma development of AKR origin in 80-100% of the recipients. Analysis, by flow microfluorometry, of the antigenic cell surface phenotypes of the developing lymphomas revealed that all tumors were B cell lymphomas, since the cells stained with class-specific anti-IgM reagents and other reagents specific for B cells (RA3-2C2, RA3-6B2, anti-I-A, and anti-Fc receptor), and were Thy-1-. All these B cell tumors also expressed two T cell differentiation antigens, TL.4, found exclusively on T cell lymphomas, and Lyt-1 antigen, previously shown (11) to be expressed on some B cell neoplasms. The surface markers mu, I-A, RA3-2C2, and TL.4 identified by immunofluorescence, were shown to be integral membrane components synthesized by the tumor cells, rather than passively acquired proteins. PMID- 3897449 TI - The coloscreen self-test for detection of fecal occult blood. AB - A new method for the detection of fecal occult blood was tested in a clinical setting. The test is performed by placing a chemically treated paper pad in the toilet bowl after a bowel movement and observing for color change on the pad. This method eliminates the mechanical task of handling or gathering stool by the patient. Forty-four valid trials were completed in 19 patients with known risk factors for gastrointestinal disease. A widely used reference standard (Hemoccult II) was utilized as a control method against which the study method was compared. Concordance of the results of the study method was noted in 95.8 percent of positive cases and 100 percent of negative cases. This preliminary study supports further investigation. If the aesthetic aspects of fecal occult blood testing can be improved, there may be improvements in patient compliance with screening protocols for the early detection of colorectal cancer. PMID- 3897448 TI - IgG bearing covalently bound C3b has enhanced bactericidal activity for Escherichia coli 0111. AB - The mechanism was sought by which bactericidal IgG for E. coli 0111 (strain 12015) increases the bactericidal efficiency of C5b-9. IgG did not affect the distribution of C3 deposition on the O-Ag capsule and the outer membrane of 12015, suggesting that bactericidal IgG was not directing complement activation to different sites on the bacterial surface. However, one-fifth of the C3 that was deposited in the presence of IgG attached covalently to the antibody molecule. Covalent complexes between purified C3b and IgG were prepared in order to study the role of C3b-IgG in the bactericidal reaction. 8-10-fold less C3b-IgG than IgG was necessary to sensitize 12015 for serum killing. When aggregates were eliminated from the C3b-IgG and IgG preparations by sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation, C3b-IgG remained three- to fourfold more effective than IgG on a molecule-for-molecule bound basis in mediating the serum bactericidal reaction. These results suggest that formation of C3b-IgG during the serum bactericidal reaction is critical for killing, and have important implications for the development of effective bactericidal vaccines. PMID- 3897450 TI - An analysis of a prehistoric homicide from northern California. AB - An analysis was performed on a prehistoric human vertebral column recovered during an archaeological excavation in the Sierra of northern California. Fifteen burials believed to represent the Maidu culture of 400 to 700 years ago were recovered. The vertebral column from one of the individuals is particularly significant because of three embedded projectile points. The analysis attempts to recreate the trajectory of each point; to determine the possible extent of damage done by each with emphasis upon which could have been fatal; and by employing available ethnographic and archaeological data, to suggest the possible circumstances surrounding the violent event. The conclusion suggests that death may have resulted from any of the three wounds and was probably the result of an intratribal dispute. PMID- 3897451 TI - Serological diagnosis of influenza A/USSR/77 H1N1 infection: value of ELISA compared to other antibody techniques. AB - Serologic diagnosis of influenza is an important but imperfect tool. During an outbreak of natural H1N1 A/USSR/77 infection, volunteers who received either amantadine, rimantadine, or placebo were tested to determine serologic response to infection by four different antibody techniques. Hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) and complement fixation (CF) were least sensitive, detecting only about half of the virus-positive subjects, whereas neutralization detected 81% and enzyme-linked immune peroxidase (ELISA) detected 95%. Failure to detect significant antibody response was associated with a higher titer of antibody in acute serum specimens and with a history of receipt of A/New Jersey/76 Hsw1N1 vaccine. Although antibody response measured by ELISA was of lower magnitude in vaccinees, it still was sufficient to be diagnostic. Thus, in situations where there is no access to viral isolation facilities, ELISA antibody techniques appear to be an excellent measure of assessing the rate of influenza infection. PMID- 3897452 TI - Detection by ELISA of IgG-subclass-specific antibodies in primary respiratory syncytial (RS) virus infections. AB - The IgG-subclass specific antibody response was investigated in primary RS-virus infections in infants and small children by using an ELISA with monoclonal antibodies against the four human IgG subclasses. When 78 serum samples obtained from 21 patients during the first 3-4 mo following the onset of illness were studied, only IgG-1 and IgG-3 antibodies could be detected. Both of these subclass specific antibodies appeared during the second week following the beginning of illness. Approximately 4 wk after the onset of illness, IgG-1 antibodies reached maximum levels, which persisted during the following months. Approximately 3 wk after the onset of illness, IgG-3 antibodies reached maximum levels, which decreased during the following months. Both IgG-1 and IgG-3 antibodies showed neutralizing capacity. PMID- 3897453 TI - Evaluation of retroperitoneal portasystemic collaterals by intravenous DSA. PMID- 3897454 TI - Alexithymia. The development of a valid and reliable projective measure (the objectively scored Archetypal9 Test). AB - The aim of this study was to examine whether the Archetypal9 Test (AT9) could meet the need for a valid and reliable test with which to measure the alexithymic trait cluster. Participants in this study included 61 patients drawn from pain clinics in Montreal (Royal Victoria Hospital) and Detroit (Henry Ford Hospital) and 30 patients undergoing minor surgery at the Royal Victoria Hospital in Montreal. All 91 subjects took both the AT9 Test and the Clarke Vocabulary Scale. The results of the attempts at validation reveal that the objectively scored AT9 Test (SAT9) is a highly internally consistent instrument, that it has demonstrated construct validity, and that it can significantly discriminate between patient groups (pain patients and medical patients). The SAT9 is positively related to age, inversely related to occupational level, and uncorrelated with IQ (as measured by the Clarke Vocabulary Scale). The authors concluded that thus far, the SAT9 has proven to be a valid instrument which can be used to measure a central feature of alexithymia. PMID- 3897455 TI - Hypothesis: bromocriptine lacks intrinsic dopamine receptor stimulating properties. AB - Bromocriptine (BRC) produced neither locomotor stimulation nor stereotyped behavior in mice and rats pretreated with reserpine plus alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine (AMPT). However, the blockade of locomotor stimulation in mice by AMPT could be reversed by their prior treatment with a low, behaviorally inactive dose of L DOPA. BRC potentiated the stereotypy (rats) and locomotor stimulation (mice) produced by apomorphine in animals pretreated with reserpine plus AMPT. Moreover, BRC potentiated the stimulant effect of d-amphetamine in reserpinized mice, while nomifensine, but not fluoxetine or desipramine, potentiated the stimulant effect of BRC in mice. After direct application to the nucleus accumbens or caudate nucleus of rats, BRC was inactive. However, when BRC and DA were applied together to the nucleus accumbens, BRC enhanced the stimulant effect of DA. These data show that BRC by itself does not cause behavioral stimulation in rodents. Despite having affinity for the DAD 2-receptor, BRC is incapable of causing excitation in rats and mice unless another DA-receptor agonist such as apomorphine or DA is present. The data are discussed in relation to the published literature and the hypothesis presented that BRC affects the signal transmitted by DA-receptor agonists such as apomorphine at or beyond the postsynaptic DA-receptor. PMID- 3897456 TI - CCK26-33 degrading activity in brain and nonneural tissue: a metalloendopeptidase. AB - Cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK26-33) is metabolized by neural membranes with an initial cleavage to CCK29-33 and subsequent breakdown to CCK31-33 and CCK32-33; this pattern of proteolysis occurs on incubation with either P2 or purified lysed synaptosomal membranes. To determine whether the pattern of CCK26-33 proteolysis is unique to the brain and whether regional brain differences in its pathway or rate exist, we analyzed the proteolysis of CCK by synaptic membranes of various brain areas and cellular membranes of peripheral tissue. The pattern of degradation in brain did not differ among the regions studied. The overall proteolysis rate, as measured by the formation of tryptophan, was higher in the striatum than in the cortex, although CCK29-33 was formed at the same rate in both areas. In nonneural tissue, the rate of degradation was highest in liver membranes and lowest in pancreatic acinar cell preparations. Thus, it appears that degradative peptidases are not necessarily colocalized with CCK receptors. The pattern of product formation is the same in peripheral compared with CNS membranes; thus, the degradative pathway does not appear to be unique to brain tissue. The enzyme present in synaptic membranes that is responsible for CCK29-33 formation requires a metal ion and sulfydryl groups for the catalysis and thus is a metalloendopeptidase. Furthermore, its activity is inhibited by Ac-Gly-Phe-Nle al, a peptide aldehyde whose sequence bears some homology to the amino acid sequence in the region of CCK26-33 that is cleaved by this enzyme. PMID- 3897457 TI - A low repeat length in oligodendrocyte chromatin. AB - The behavior of oligodendrocyte chromatin after micrococcal nuclease digestion of nuclei was assayed in brains of rats of four different ages. During oligodendrocyte differentiation, a decreasing sensitivity of the chromatin to enzymatic attack was observed. On the other hand, the nucleosomal repeat length showed a slight tendency to increase during development. It is worth noting that even the highest values reported here for "oligodendrocyte" chromatin repeat lengths are significantly lower than 200 base pairs, the value previously reported by others for "non-astrocytic glia." PMID- 3897458 TI - N-Methylaspartate-evoked liberation of taurine and phosphoethanolamine in vivo: site of release. AB - The effect of N-methyl-D,L-aspartic acid (NMA) on extracellular amino acids was studied in the rabbit hippocampus with the brain dialysis technique. Administration of 0.5 or 5 mM NMA caused a concentration-dependent liberation of taurine and phosphoethanolamine (PEA). Taurine increased by 1,200% and PEA by 2,400% during perfusion with 5 mM NMA whereas most other amino acids rose by 20 100%. The effect of NMA appeared to be receptor-mediated, as coperfusion with D-2 amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid curtailed the NMA response by some 90%. The NMA stimulated release of taurine and PEA was suppressed when Ca2+ was omitted and further inhibited when Co2+ was included in the perfusion medium. The effect of NMA was mimicked by the endogenous NMA agonist quinolinic acid and the partial NMA agonist D,L-cis-2,3-piperidine dicarboxylic acid. Although the NMA-evoked release of taurine and PEA was Ca2+-dependent in vivo, NMA had no effect on Ca2+ accumulation in hippocampal synaptosomes. The previously reported NMA-induced activation of dendritic Ca2+ spikes and the lack of effect on synaptosomal Ca2+ uptake suggest that taurine and PEA are released from sites other than nerve terminals, possibly from dendrosomatic sites. This notion was strengthened by the absence of an effect of NMA on the efflux of radiolabelled taurine from hippocampal synaptosomes. In contrast, high K+ stimulated synaptosomal uptake of Ca2+ and release of taurine. PMID- 3897459 TI - The role of childbirth on the natural history of occult spinal dysraphism. PMID- 3897461 TI - Canine distemper virus does not infect oligodendrocytes in vitro. AB - Dissociated canine brain cell cultures were infected with virulent canine distemper virus (CDV). Double immunofluorescent labelling was done to simultaneously demonstrate viral antigen and specific glial cell markers. Virus containing oligodendrocytes were not found at any stage of the infection. A certain proportion of the infected cells were shown to be astrocytes. It was concluded that CDV has no obvious tropism for oligodendrocytes which could explain the mechanism of demyelination in distemper in vivo. PMID- 3897460 TI - A double-blind, placebo controlled trial of high-dose lecithin in Alzheimer's disease. AB - The first long-term double-blind placebo controlled trial of high dose lecithin in senile dementia of the Alzheimer type is reported. Fifty one subjects were given 20-25 g/day of purified soya lecithin (containing 90% phosphatidyl plus lysophosphatidyl choline) for six months and followed up for at least a further six months. Plasma choline levels were monitored throughout the treatment period. There were no differences between the placebo group and the lecithin group but there was an improvement in a subgroup of relatively poor compliers. These were older and had intermediate levels of plasma choline. It is suggested that the effects of lecithin are complex but that there may be a "therapeutic window" for the effects of lecithin in the condition and that this may be more evident in older patients. PMID- 3897462 TI - Characterization of a monoclonal antibody to myosin specific for mammalian and human type II muscle fibers. AB - We have characterized a monoclonal antibody (McAb), ALD-19, generated against slow myosin from chicken anterior latissimus dorsi (ALD) muscle for use in studies of human and animal muscle fiber types. This McAb bound selectively to the 200 kDa myosin heavy chain band in immunoblots against chicken, rat and human myosins and showed selective staining of A bands in the myofibrils. The reactivity of ALD-19 with various myosin types was quantitated by radioimmunoassays. Fiber type analysis revealed unexpected specificity of McAb ALD-19 for type II mammalian muscle fibers. This antibody should, therefore be useful for identification and quantification of normal type II fibers in human muscle biopsy specimens. PMID- 3897463 TI - Activation of vasopressin neurons in the human supraoptic and paraventricular nucleus in senescence and senile dementia. AB - A recent study has shown that vasopressin (AVP) cells in the human supraoptic (SON) and paraventricular (PVN) nuclei increase in size after 60 years of age, suggesting that AVP production is increased in senescence. In the present study, the same brain material was used for the determination of nucleolar size in immunocytochemically identified AVP and oxytocin (OXT) neurons as an additional parameter for peptide production. A strong correlation was found between nucleolar size and cell size, both in AVP and OXT neurons. Nucleolar size of AVP but not of OXT neurons increased significantly in senescence. Observations in brains from patients with senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (SDAT) were commensurate with their ages. These results strongly support the hypothesis that AVP neurons in the SON and PVN are activated in old age. PMID- 3897464 TI - Multiple sclerosis. Evidence for antigen presentation in situ by endothelial cells and astrocytes. AB - To investigate the possibility of local antigen presentation within the central nervous system (CNS) in multiple sclerosis (MS), frozen sections of active chronic MS lesions were stained by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique for the demonstration of Ia antigen using a monoclonal antibody. Ia antigen could be localized on some endothelial cells and astrocytes as well as on macrophages. While Ia+ endothelial cells were randomly distributed throughout the CNS, Ia+ astrocytes were mainly found at the edge of active chronic MS lesions. These findings in MS suggest that antigen might be presented locally within the CNS on endothelial cells, where it might lead to new lesion formation by the initiation of a local immune response; on astrocytes, where it might be involved in lesion growth at the periphery. PMID- 3897465 TI - Uptake of glucose analogues into cultured cerebral microvessel endothelium. AB - Tritiated glucose analogues 3-O-methylglucose (3-OMG) and 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) were used to study glucose uptake properties in established lines of cultured mouse cerebral microvessel endothelium. Uptake of both analogues was similar in terms of rate and absolute amount for the first two minutes. Thereafter, intracellular accumulation of 2-DG continued at a more rapid rate because of intracellular phosphorylation of this substrate. The uptake of 3-OMG uptake was temperature-dependent, independent of Na+, and not inhibited by ouabain or 2,4 dinitrophenol. Phloretin and cytochalasin B both significantly inhibited 3-OMG uptake. Other hexoses in high concentration acted as competitive inhibitors at the endothelial cell membrane. Pre-incubation of cells with 50 mM D-glucose resulted in higher levels of 3-OMG accumulation than in control cells (counter transport phenomenon). In contrast to findings at the blood-brain barrier in vivo, insulin was found to stimulate 3-OMG uptake. Maximal stimulation of approximately 3-fold was found at ambient insulin concentrations of 1,000 ng/ml or higher. The findings provide support at the cellular level for some components of the model of carrier-mediated glucose transport across the blood-brain barrier which has been postulated to exist in vivo. The effect of insulin is discussed in the light of new data that show stimulation of glucose analogue transport into isolated cerebral capillaries. PMID- 3897466 TI - Measurement of GFAP in hepatic encephalopathy by ELISA and transblots. AB - Basal ganglia, cerebral cortex and subcortical white matter were studied for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in four cases of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) with Alzheimer II gliosis and five age-matched controls. GFAP was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and reflectance densitometry of immunoperoxidase-stained western blots. Both methods revealed a 70% decrease in the average amount of GFAP in the cerebral cortex and a 60% decrease in the basal ganglia in HE cases. GFAP in white matter was not significantly changed. In contrast to GFAP, the average protein content was not significantly different for HE and controls. These findings support the view that HE is a neurological disease in which there is a selective loss of GFAP from the grey matter. PMID- 3897467 TI - Immunocytochemistry of pineal astrocytes: species differences and functional implications. AB - Immunohistochemical demonstration of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was performed in human, sheep, rat and guinea pig pineal bodies to determine if there were species differences. Specialized "basket-like" arrangements of many GFAP positive astrocytic processes were shown around sheep pinealocytes. Human pineals contained scattered astrocytic cell bodies and a moderate number of GFAP-positive astrocytic processes which, as in sheep, also surrounded pinealocytes, but without the dense basket-like arrangements. In both species GFAP-positive fibers were concentrated at the periphery of pseudolobules and around blood vessels. Rat and guinea pig pineals contained only rare astrocytic cell bodies and few GFAP positive fibers throughout the glands, but had a concentration of parallel GFAP positive fibers at the stalk. GFAP-positive fibers in human and sheep pineals may be derived from both intra- and extraglandular sites, whereas in rodents only rare processes appear to be derived from within the gland. Astrocytes may play a role in modulation of pineal indoleamines and norepinephrine, and the species differences observed suggest that this effect may be important in sheep and human pineals but not in rodents. PMID- 3897468 TI - Echovirus meningomyeloencephalitis with administration of intrathecal immunoglobulin. AB - Echovirus meningomyeloencephalitis was treated with cerebral intraventricular immunoglobulin. This case includes a complete examination of the central nervous system (CNS) supported by viral culture studies, immunoperoxidase staining and electron microscopy. Neuronal loss was most severe in the cerebellum and spinal cord. This may lead to the ataxia and a poliomyelitis-like syndrome often seen in cases of echovirus meningomyeloencephalitis. Focal encephalitic lesions, antigen antibody reactions and live virus were found at numerous levels of the CNS in spite of intrathecal and intravenous immunoglobulin therapy. This mode of therapy and the electron microscopic features noted in echovirus infections are discussed. PMID- 3897469 TI - Follicular and diffuse mixed small-cleaved and large-cell lymphoma--a clinicopathologic study. AB - The clinical records and initial biopsy materials from 76 patients with mixed small-cleaved and large-cell lymphoma containing both a follicular and diffuse architectural pattern were reviewed. The characteristics of this group, treated at Stanford University Medical Center (SUMC) between 1963 and 1983, are described. The 5-year actuarial survival and freedom from progression are 70% and 27.5%, respectively. Classification according to the degree of follicularity indicated that patients with focally follicular areas (ie, less than 25% of the histologic section) have a significantly worse freedom from progression and overall survival at 5 years compared with those patients with a predominantly follicular architecture (ie, greater than 50% follicular areas). Based on our analysis, we feel that the degree of follicularity is an important prognostic factor and that mixed lymphoma patients with only focally follicular areas behave more like an intermediate-grade lymphoma and should be treated aggressively. PMID- 3897470 TI - Phase III study of BCOP v CHOP in unfavorable categories of malignant lymphoma: a Southeastern Cancer Study Group trial. AB - A total of 296 evaluable patients with unfavorable categories of malignant lymphoma were randomly assigned treatment with cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone plus BCNU (BCOP) or doxorubicin (CHOP). In diffuse histiocytic (DH) lymphoma, CHOP produced superior complete (54% v 34%) and total (70% v 46%) response rates. Among the responders to either therapy, no differences were seen in duration of response or survival times. Median duration of response has not been reached with follow-up in excess of 50 months. In categories of lymphoma other than DH (including small-cell, mixed, and nodular histiocytic lymphomas), complete (27% v 29%) and total (48% v 54%) responses were similar for BCOP and CHOP, as were durations of response and survival. These data suggest that BCOP and CHOP are equivalent regimens for other categories of malignant lymphomas. CHOP appears preferable for diffuse large-cell categories, since it resulted in greater overall survival in patients with DH lymphoma; this was due to a significantly greater response rate, since patients with DH lymphoma who did respond to BCOP maintained their response and survived as long as did the CHOP responders. PMID- 3897471 TI - A randomized clinical trial of adjuvant adriamycin in uterine sarcomas: a Gynecologic Oncology Group Study. AB - After hysterectomy, 156 evaluable patients with stage I (limited to the corpus) or stage II (limited to the corpus and cervix) uterine sarcomas were randomly assigned to adjuvant chemotherapy with Adriamycin (Adria Laboratories, Columbus, Ohio) for six months or to no further treatment. Pelvic irradiation (external or intracavitary) was optional before randomization. Of 75 patients receiving Adriamycin, 31 have suffered recurrences compared with 43 of 81 receiving no adjuvant chemotherapy. This difference is not statistically significant. Moreover, there is no difference in progression-free interval or survival. The optional radiotherapy did not influence the outcome although there was a suggestion that vaginal recurrence was decreased by pelvic radiotherapy. The recurrence rates in specific cell types (leiomyosarcoma, homologous mixed mesodermal sarcoma, or heterologous mixed mesodermal sarcoma) were not significantly different although the pattern of recurrence differed, with pulmonary metastases being more common in leiomyosarcoma and extrapulmonary recurrence being more common in mixed mesodermal sarcoma. The outcome with respect to chemotherapy was not altered even after adjusting for maldistribution of cases. Thus, we could not show a benefit for this dose schedule of Adriamycin as adjuvant treatment for uterine sarcomas. PMID- 3897472 TI - Chemotherapy trials in recurrent primary intracranial germ cell tumors. AB - Gonadal germ cell tumors respond favorably to chemotherapy either at diagnosis or when they recur. Histologically similar tumors may arise in the CNS usually in the pineal or suprasellar regions. Although radiation therapy may produce a 5 year disease-free survival in excess of 60% in localized pure germinoma, germ cell tumors of other histology tend to recur. We have conducted 14 chemotherapy trials in 8 patients with recurrent CNS germ cell tumors using 3 different single agent and 2 multi-agent chemotherapy regimens. The histologic diagnoses of the patients were germinoma (4), endodermal sinus tumor (2), embryonal carcinoma (1), and mixed tumor - germinoma plus choriocarcinoma (1). There were 7 males and 1 female with a median age of 13 years. The primary tumor arose in the pineal region in 6 and was multicentric in 2. Seven patients had local recurrences and one developed an initial recurrence in the spinal canal. Three patients had CNS metastases at relapse and 2 had systemic metastases. Objective responses were documented in 7 of 14 trials (50%). Responses were observed with cyclophosphamide (80 mg/kg) in 3 of 4 patients for 2+, 3, and 5 mos, cisplatin (120 mg/m2) in 1 of 2 patients for 2+ mos, and the VAB 6 protocol (vinblastine, bleomycin, cyclophosphamide, actinomycin-d, cisplatin) in 3 of 5 patients for 5, 8, and 18 mos. The median duration of response was 5 mos. (2+-18). High doses of single chemotherapy agents such as cyclophosphamide and cisplatin as well as VAB 6 regimen have definite activity in recurrent CNS germ cell tumors, especially germinoma. Good palliation may be achieved with chemotherapy alone with acceptable morbidity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3897473 TI - Cross-reactivity between human hemopoietic cells and brain tumors as defined by monoclonal antibodies. AB - A battery of 24 monoclonal antibodies raised against human hemopoietic cells was tested in an indirect immunofluorescence technique on frozen sections of a variety of human neurogenic and non-neurogenic tumors. Twelve antibodies demonstrated some type of labeling of neurogenic tumors, frequently in patterns characteristic for benign and/or malignant gliomas and/or primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs). Although also some cross-reactivity occurred in non-neurogenic tumors, the apparent operational specificity of some of our antibodies within the nervous system promises some aid in neuropathological tumor diagnosis; this was also demonstrated by combined use of some antibodies on smear preparations in which diagnosis by conventional stains was uncertain. This study confirms and expands previous data that sharing of antigenic determinants by hemopoietic cells and nervous system tumors is common. The significance of these cross-reactivities is at present a matter of speculation; cross-reacting autoantibodies might interfere with immune regulation in tumor patients, and an immune response might be initiated when glioma cells bearing Ia antigens present tumor-associated antigens to T cells. PMID- 3897474 TI - Regeneration of periodontal attachment in osseous lesions. PMID- 3897475 TI - A quick, easy paralleling guide for intraoral preparation. PMID- 3897476 TI - The need to trace our roots in difficult times. The 1985 AANS presidential address. AB - Several important events that have played a major role in shaping the destiny of neurological surgery are recounted: the birth of neurosurgery; the founding of scientific surgery; the origin and evolution of microvascular technique in cerebrovascular surgery. In each case, the clinical breakthroughs stemmed from an apparently irrelevant basic laboratory investigation. Also, in each case, the transfer of the laboratory results to the bedside required clinicians who were prepared by training and knowledge to recognize the clinical significance of the fundamental observations. History tells us that if we are to sustain neurological surgery as a vibrant surgical specialty, we must continue to give top priority to the preparation of young minds through education and research. It is more important to understand this now than ever before, because never before have we been so preoccupied with social and economic issues: a preoccupation that is threatening to divert our attention from the main determinants of our specialty's future viability--the acquisition and application of new knowledge. PMID- 3897477 TI - Safe use of PEEP in patients with severe head injury. AB - Thirty-three patients with severe head trauma were studied to determine whether the use of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) would cause an increase in intracranial pressure (ICP). Changes in ICP induced by PEEP were then correlated with a panel of physiological variables to try to explain these changes. Mean ICP increased from 13.2 +/- 7.7 mm Hg (+/- standard deviation) to 14.5 +/- 7.5 mm Hg (p less than 0.005) due to 10 cm H2O PEEP, but the eight patients with elevated baseline ICP experienced no significant increase. Cardiac output and venous admixture (Qs/Qt) declined significantly, while central venous pressure, peak inspiratory pressure, functional residual capacity, and arterial pCO2 increased significantly due to PEEP. Blood pressure and cerebral perfusion pressure were unchanged. The change in ICP due to PEEP correlated significantly with a combination of cardiac output, peak inspiratory pressure, Qs/Qt, and changes in blood pressure and arterial pCO2 due to PEEP, indicating that the effect of PEEP on ICP could be largely explained by its effect on hemodynamic and respiratory variables. No patient deteriorated clinically due to PEEP. It is concluded that 10 cm H2O PEEP increases ICP slightly via its effect on other physiological variables, but that this small increase in ICP is clinically inconsequential. PMID- 3897478 TI - Source of fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products in the CSF after subarachnoid hemorrhage. AB - In 48 patients with a subarachnoid hemorrhage, levels of fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products (FDP's), total protein, and plasminogen were measured in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) between Days 9 and 15 after the bleed. Of these 48 patients, 22 received tranexamic acid. Despite a significant reduction in the incidence of rebleeding in patients taking tranexamic acid, no difference in FDP levels was found between patients receiving tranexamic acid and a control group of patients who were not; nor was any relationship evident between FDP levels and rebleeding. In patients with detectable levels of FDP's, CSF protein and plasminogen values were also increased, and FDP's were found more frequently in the CSF of patients with an impaired level of consciousness or with a neurological deficit. These findings suggest that in the 2nd week after subarachnoid hemorrhage, the presence of FDP's in the CSF reflects a damaged blood-CSF barrier rather than ongoing local fibrinolysis in the subarachnoid space. A finding of FDP's in the CSF is, therefore, an unreliable monitor of antifibrinolytic treatment in subarachnoid hemorrhage and cannot be used for selecting patients at high risk of rebleeding. PMID- 3897479 TI - Radiation of Hiroshima and Nagasaki builds foundation for risk estimates. PMID- 3897480 TI - Japanese scientists and A-bomb survivors spend lifetime in radiation studies. PMID- 3897481 TI - Fetal sonography and neonatal scintigraphy of a choledochal cyst. AB - A choledochal cyst, observed by ultrasound at 27 wk gestation and diagnosed at 36 wk gestation, was confirmed postpartum by [99mTc]DISIDA cholescintogram. Cystic dilatation of the common bile duct was proven by surgical excision and histological verification. Ultrasonography provides in utero diagnosis of choledochal cyst, often vital for successful management. Technetium-99m DISIDA imaging is a valuable companion for defining function of the cyst. PMID- 3897482 TI - Technetium-99m DTPA renal flow studies in Goldblatt hypertension. AB - Computer-assisted dynamic renal studies were performed on a group of 14 mongrel dogs before and after the induction of unilateral renal artery stenosis. Ninety second technetium-99m diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid ( [99mTc]DTPA), 15-min [99mTc]DTPA, and 30-min iodine-131 orthoiodohippurate ( [131I]hippuran) time activity curves were analyzed and correlated with reduction of renal blood flow as measured by electromagnetic flow probe and PAH clearance techniques. Parameters of the 90-sec [99mTc]DTPA curves found to be significantly different for the same kidney before and after stenosis were: upslope, curve width at 75% maximum, maximum activity value, and differential (stenotic/contralateral) maximum activity ratio. For blood flow reductions greater than 33%, the [99mTc]DTPA studies were judged diagnostic of unilateral renal artery stenosis in all cases, whereas the [131I]hippuran time-activity curves were indicative of stenosis in only six of ten studies. Thus, in this model we find the computer assisted 90-sec [99mTc]DTPA renal flow study to be superior to conventional [131I]hippuran renography in the diagnosis of moderate-to-severe unilateral renal artery stenosis. PMID- 3897483 TI - Clinical magnetic resonance imaging with nuclear medicine correlation. AB - The current role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in different organ systems is discussed and compared to nuclear medicine and to other available clinical diagnostic modalities. The value of optimizing radiofrequency pulse sequence selection to provide additional tissue characterization is also described. The results of nuclear medicine and MRI studies in 56 patients are compared to evaluate the clinical diagnostic contribution of each imaging modality for various pathological processes. In addition, the state-of-the-art MRI systems and future development in MRI technology with its potential contribution is defined. PMID- 3897484 TI - Captopril suppresses glomerular filtration rate but not blood flow in the affected kidney in renovascular hypertension: report and comments on one case. PMID- 3897485 TI - Work sampling. Analyzing nursing staff productivity. AB - Most managers have only a vague idea of how their employees spend their time. Work sampling is a technique that can identify the types of activities that staff perform and the amount of time that they spend on each activity. With this information, managers can make decisions regarding allocation of staff and activities, thereby increasing efficiency and effectiveness of personnel. This paper describes the use of work sampling as a technique to study employee time allocation and productivity. It offers suggestions for planning, implementation, and utilization of the results of a work sampling study. A work sampling study conducted at the University of Michigan Medical Center's Psychiatric Nursing Department is used as an example. PMID- 3897486 TI - Intestinal absorption and excretion of zinc in streptozotocin-diabetic rats as affected by dietary zinc and protein. AB - 65Zn was used to examine the effects of dietary zinc and protein on true zinc absorption and intestinal excretion of endogenous zinc by an isotope dilution technique in streptozotocin-diabetic and control rats. Four groups each of diabetic and control rats were fed diets containing 20 ppm Zn, 20% egg white protein (HMHP); 20 ppm Zn, 10% egg white protein (HMLP); 10 ppm Zn, 20% egg white protein (LMHP); and 10 ppm Zn, 10% egg white protein (LMLP). Measurement of zinc balance was begun 9 d after an i.m. injection of 65Zn. True zinc absorption and the contribution of endogenous zinc to fecal zinc excretion were calculated from the isotopically labeled and unlabeled zinc in the feces, duodenum and kidney. Results from the isotope dilution study indicated that diabetic rats, but not control rats, absorbed more zinc from 20 ppm zinc diets than from 10ppm zinc diets and that all rats absorbed more zinc from 20% protein diets than from 10% protein diets. Furthermore, all rats excreted more endogenous zinc from their intestines when dietary zinc and protein levels resulted in greater zinc absorption. In diabetic and control rats, consuming equivalent amounts of zinc, the amount of zinc absorbed was not significantly different, but the amount of zinc excreted by the intestine was less in the diabetic rats. Decreased intestinal excretion of endogenous zinc may be a homeostatic response to the increased urinary excretion of endogenous zinc in the diabetic rats and may also lead to the elevated zinc concentrations observed in some organs of the diabetic rats. PMID- 3897487 TI - Issues and concerns in computer technology in nursing education. PMID- 3897488 TI - Farming occupations and mortality from non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in Utah. A case control study. AB - The association between farming occupations and the incidence of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) was examined in a case-control study using a cancer registry to identify cases and controls and death certificates to determine the occupation and industry of employment of cancer patients. Case subjects were white males with a diagnosis of NHL who died between 1967 and 1982; control subjects were white males who died of colon cancer during the same period. Control and case subjects were frequency-matched for age and year of diagnosis; county of residence was not a matching variable. Death certificates with codable occupational information were located for 90% of the 249 case and 293 control subjects. A stratified analysis using test-based confidence intervals revealed an increased risk of NHL among farmers. The overall odds ratio, controlling for age and for year of diagnosis, was 1.3 (90% confidence limits 0.9-2.3). For diagnoses during 1952 through 1965, the odds ratio was 6.6, and for diagnoses during 1966 through 1971, the odds ratio was 3.1. The increased odds ratio was most pronounced among those aged 45 to 64 years at the time of diagnosis and those living in rural counties. PMID- 3897489 TI - Fetal surgery for congenital hydronephrosis. AB - Fetal surgery is a treatment approach to anatomic lesions which, if left untreated, may be incompatible with life. Diagnosis of conditions amenable to surgical treatment has become possible because of recent advances in ultrasonography. Correction of such lesions may interrupt the pathologic process and enable the infant to live a normal life. Currently, fetal surgical treatment at the University of California, San Francisco, is limited to correction of posterior urethral valve obstruction and ureteropelvic junction obstruction. Two procedures have been used at the university for surgical correction of anomalies of the urinary tract of the fetus: an open technique and a closed technique. The procedures, parental responses to the treatment, and the role of the clinical specialist in the care of patients having this experimental surgery are described. PMID- 3897490 TI - A rationale for the surgical treatment of inflammatory periodontal disease. PMID- 3897491 TI - Oral complications of anorexia nervosa and/or bulimia: with a review of the literature. PMID- 3897492 TI - [Anti-tumor immunity in patients with head and neck cancer measured by leukocyte adherence inhibition test]. PMID- 3897493 TI - Preformed acrylic laminate veneers for children: a clinical study. PMID- 3897495 TI - Identification of macrophages and smooth muscle cells in human atherosclerosis using monoclonal antibodies. AB - Sections of human atherosclerotic plaques were stained by the indirect immunoperoxidase technique using three rat anti-human monoclonal antibodies: YAML 501.4 (anti-'leukocyte-common' (T200) antigen; YTH 8.18 (antimacrophage cytoplasm); and YPC 1/3 . 12 (anti-smooth muscle cell). The cells of diffuse intimal thickening were almost all smooth muscle cells but there were rare subendothelial macrophages. Focal lesions, in contrast, contained numerous macrophages as well as smooth muscle cells. Macrophage 'foam cells' were particularly numerous in fatty streaks and in advanced fibro-fatty plaques, but were less conspicuous in focal fibro-elastic lesions. The results confirm that macrophages are an important component of atherosclerotic plaques and suggest that they may have a significant role in atherogenesis in man. PMID- 3897494 TI - Immunocytochemical characterization of monocyte colonies of human bone marrow: a clue to the origin of Langerhans cells and interdigitating reticulum cells. AB - Human bone marrow was cultured and cells from individual monocyte colonies stained with a variety of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies. Erythroid colonies and peripheral blood monocytes were used as controls. Both bone marrow cultured and peripheral blood monocytes stained with antibodies to lysozyme, non specific cross reacting antigen (NCA) and alpha-1-antitrypsin and the cells stained variably for HLA-DR. A small number of cells in each cultured bone marrow colony stained with antibody to human thymic antigen (HTA T6) and most of the cells stained with variable intensity using anti-S-100 protein. No cells reactive with these two antibodies were detected in peripheral blood monocyte preparations and erythroid colony cells were negative for all antigens studied. The presence of cells within individual bone marrow colonies with phenotypic properties of both phagocytic macrophages (lysozyme positive, NCA positive, alpha-1-antitrypsin positive) and Langerhans cells/interdigitating reticulum cells (HTA(T6) positive, S-100 protein positive) suggests that these cells share a common stem cell and are both components of the mononuclear phagocyte system. PMID- 3897496 TI - Microwave irradiation as a form of fixation for light and electron microscopy. AB - Microwave irradiation was used to fix a wide range of surgical and autopsy specimens as well as tissue from freshly killed rats. Although there appeared to be varying optimum temperatures of fixation for different tissues, from a practical standpoint, the heating to 58 degrees C of tissues submerged in normal saline resulted in fixation of a quality comparable with that produced by conventional fixation to 10 per cent formalin. Microwave irradiation applied to tissues which had up to 1 h prior immersion in 10 per cent formalin also produced excellent preservation of cytomorphology, the time required for microwave fixation being no more than 150 s. This form of rapid heat fixation had no deleterious effects on special stains, sectioned as well as control fixed blocks and produced less shrinkage artefact than conventional formalin fixation. Immunocytochemical staining for more stable cytoplasmic antigens revealed no significant difference between microwave fixation compared with formalin fixation. The more labile membrane associated antigens of lymphocytes, however, were not preserved by either method of fixation. Microwave fixation was also found to be applicable to electron microscopy. Tissue samples immersed in 2.5 per cent glutaraldehyde and fixed in 90 s by irradiation to 50 degrees C showed excellent preservation of ultrastructural morphology. PMID- 3897497 TI - Haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide vaccines. PMID- 3897498 TI - Antimicrobial therapy in infants and children: update 1976-1985. Part II. PMID- 3897499 TI - Serial lumbar punctures in prevention of post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus in preterm infants. AB - We studied 47 infants with either grade 3 or grade 4 intraventricular hemorrhage, to assess the efficacy of intermittent lumbar punctures in the prevention of post hemorrhagic hydrocephalus in a prospective controlled trial. The control group received supportive care only, whereas the treatment group additionally underwent intermittent spinal taps. The spinal taps were started at postnatal age 11 +/- 5 days and continued for 20 +/- 16 days, with the removal of 67 +/- 101 ml cerebrospinal fluid using 16 +/- 12 taps. The two groups were comparable with regard to birth weight, gestational age, race, sex, Apgar score, and severity of hemorrhage. Three infants in the control group died, compared with two infants in the study group. Nine infants in the control group and 10 infants in the study group developed hydrocephalus requiring a ventriculoperitoneal shunt or a ventricular catheter reservoir. These differences in the outcome in the two groups are not statistically significant. We conclude that serial lumbar punctures were unsuccessful in prevention of hydrocephalus in this group of preterm infants with intraventricular hemorrhage. PMID- 3897500 TI - Efficacy of theophylline for prevention of post-extubation respiratory failure in very low birth weight infants. PMID- 3897501 TI - Inability of genetically mast cell-deficient W/Wv mice to acquire resistance against larval Haemaphysalis longicornis ticks. AB - Genetically mast cell-deficient (WB X C57BL/6)F1-W/Wv mice were used to investigate the role of mast cells for the acquisition of resistance against larval Haemaphysalis longicornis ticks. Resistance against ticks was evaluated by reduction in both number and weight of engorged ticks. Although (WB X C57BL/6)F1 +/+ mice with a normal number of mast cells acquired resistance after repeated infestation of ticks, the congenic W/Wv mice did not acquire it. Bone marrow transplantation from the +/+ mice were grafted onto the back of the W/Wv mice, resistance against the ticks was detectable in the grafted skin. In contrast, resistance was not detectable in the skin of the W/Wv mice which had been grafted onto the back of the syngenic W/Wv mice. Thus, we consider that the failure of the W/Wv mice to manifest resistance is attributable to the mast cell depletion. PMID- 3897502 TI - Isolation and cultivation of Plasmodium falciparum using adult bovine serum. AB - RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with adult bovine serum and hypoxanthine was superior to human serum-supplemented medium for the isolation of new strains of Plasmodium falciparum in Sudan. Similar observations in Indonesia have since confirmed our results. The chloroquine sensitivity of new isolates was identical in either human or bovine serum. Once acclimated to culture conditions P. falciparum strains grew better when using human serum. Erythrocyte-specific antibody present in adult bovine serum slightly inhibited merozoite invasion of uninfected cells. Removal of this cross-reactive antibody from bovine serum increased parasite multiplication to the level obtained in human serum. PMID- 3897503 TI - Carnitine in human perinatal fat metabolism. PMID- 3897504 TI - Evaluation of the effect on root surfaces of air turbine scalers and ultrasonic instrumentation. AB - Three air turbine scalers were compared to each other and to an ultrasonic instrument (CAVITRON) on medium and maximum power setting. The amount of remaining calculus, roughness and loss of tooth substance were estimated by means of well-defined index systems (RCI and RLTSI). The time required to clean the test surfaces--marked on proximal root surfaces of mandibular incisors--was also noted. Standardized scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrographs were independently "blind-scored" by three examiners, and total mean scores were calculated. The results revealed significant differences (P less than 0.001) between the instruments with respect to the amount of remaining calculus. There were also significant differences (P less than 0.05) between roughness and loss of tooth substance produced by CAVITRON at maximum power setting and that produced by the other instruments. No differences were found with regard to the time required to clean the test surface (until visually clean). PMID- 3897505 TI - Scanning electron microscope evaluation of wear of dental curettes during standardized root planing. AB - Root planing relies upon the quality of instrument cutting edges. This study evaluated the sharpness and wear of some dental curettes available in the market following standardized root planing procedures. Nine working edges of nine Gracey No. 1/2 DE curettes, three each from three different manufacturers, were used as controls. These unused factory-sharpened edges were examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Eighteen edges of nine curettes of the same brands were likewise examined after root planing procedures. Root planing was carried out on extracted one-rooted teeth mounted in natural positions in manikin jaws. Working areas measuring 3 X 5 mm were marked on root surfaces previously exposed by periodontitis. Root planing procedures included 15 vertical strokes done by either Side 1 or Side 2 of each instrument in relation to a single working area of a tooth, and the same procedure repeated 3 times using the opposite side of the curette. All working edges were examined at points 1 and 2 mm from the tip under 500 times magnification. Edge deformation increased significantly from the control group to the "15-stroke" group and from the "15-stroke" group to the "45 stroke" group. Factory-sharpened curettes (control) were sharp, with functional wire edges present on 55% of the specimens. After 15 strokes, nonfunctional wire edges and narrow edge deformations with bevels measuring less than 15 mu were present. After 45 strokes eight cutting edges (88.9%) showed bevels wider than 15 mu. The difference between the three brands was not significant in any group (i.e., controls, 15 strokes, 45 strokes). Further study is indicated to evaluate the relationships between bevel dimensions and root planing effectiveness. PMID- 3897506 TI - Intracellular localization of bacterial lipopolysaccharide using the avidin biotin complex method at the electron microscopic level. AB - The intracellular localization in 3T6 fibroblasts of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) using the rapid avidin-biotin-immunoperoxidase technique at the electron microscopic level was studied. The role of bacterial endotoxin in the etiology of periodontal disease has been well documented previously. The purpose of the present study was to localize LPS within the cell, thereby determining which organelles concentrate the material and relate this to the cytologic pathophysiology. An increased concentration of LPS was found in the cell nuclei and, specifically, in association with nuclear chromatin and nucleoli. The concentration of LPS in the nucleus was directly related to the time of incubation, with some product appearing in that site within 2 minutes. There was no specific localization of endotoxin in mitochondria, lysosomes, Golgi, endoplasmic reticulum or ribosomes. These results imply that bacterial endotoxin may have a direct effect on nuclear components of fibroblasts. The relationship of these results to the etiologic mechanisms of periodontal disease is discussed. PMID- 3897507 TI - [The role of vitamin B 6 in the body]. PMID- 3897508 TI - [Interaction of membrane lipids with carbonyl reductase in guinea pig liver microsomes]. PMID- 3897509 TI - [Synthesis of alkaline phosphatase in a stringent and a relaxed strain of Escherichia coli under amino acid and phosphate limitation]. AB - Synthesis of alkaline phosphatase in Escherichia coli is derepressed under phosphate starvation in the stringent strain CP78 as well as in its relaxed counterpart CP79. During limitation of phosphate as well as of amino acids a decrease of enzyme activity is observed, especially in the relaxed strain, which can not produce ppGpp under this conditions. After phosphate limitation synthesis of ppGpp is not stimulated and the kinetics of RNA synthesis is similar in both strains. We suggest that ppGpp is not directly involved in the regulation of gene expression during phosphate starvation. PMID- 3897510 TI - Dynamics of disinfection of selected preservatives against Escherichia coli. AB - Mathematical models were determined relating preservative concentration and D values (decimal reduction times at 25 degrees C; pH 6.9-7.1) against Escherichia coli in aqueous medium. Preservatives investigated were 2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3 propanediol (Bronopol), N-(hydroxymethyl)-N-(1,3-dihydroxymethyl-2, 5-dioxo-4 imidazolidinyl)-N'-(hydroxymethyl)urea (Germall II), phenethyl alcohol, and benzyl alcohol. Linear regression was used to determine D values [i.e., the time required for a particular concentration of preservative at a specified pH, temperature, and medium to cause a 90% reduction of viable organisms (E. coli)] from a number of concentrations of each preservative. Linear regression of the log D values versus the log of the concentration (a minimum of 4 concentrations per preservative) were used to derive power curves. Concentration exponents, eta values (the logarithmic values relating changes in rates of kill for specified changes in concentrations) and A values (extrapolated D values at 1% concentration), were determined. Correlation coefficients for these power fits ranged from -0.987 to -0.999. Plots depicting the closeness of fit of the models to the actual data are shown. PMID- 3897511 TI - Extraction ratio of cyclosporine in a liver transplant patient with organ rejection. PMID- 3897512 TI - [Reproducibility of probing as a function of periodontal pocket activity]. PMID- 3897513 TI - [Current status of mucogingival surgery. 1: Overview]. PMID- 3897514 TI - [Treatment of axial root fractures in devitalized single-rooted teeth, abutments of fixed dentures]. PMID- 3897515 TI - [Mucogingival surgery. II. Surgical technics]. PMID- 3897516 TI - Motor-stimulating properties of cisapride on isolated gastrointestinal preparations of the guinea pig. AB - The effects of cisapride (R 51619), a new non-dopamine-blocking gastrokinetic drug, on gastrointestinal contractility have been determined on isolated preparations of the guinea pig. On the intact gastroduodenal preparation, cisapride enhanced contractile amplitude (3.4 X 10(-7) M), improved antroduodenal coordination (EC50 = 1.9 X 10(-7) M) and antagonized gastric relaxation induced by phenylephrine, dopamine, isoproterenol, 5-hydroxytryptamine (in the presence of atropine) and periarterial nerve stimulation (IC50 range, 9.1 X 10(-7)-2.4 X 10(-6) M). Experiments with metoclopramide yielded similar results on amplitude, coordination and dopamine-induced relaxation at 5 X 10(-5), 2.2 X 10(-5) and 1.7 X 10(-5) M, respectively. On the ileum, cisapride enhanced the contractile response to electrical stimulation at low concentrations (EC50 = 9.2 X 10(-9) M) as compared with metoclopramide (EC50 = 3.3 X 10(-6) M). On this preparation, cisapride showed no direct cholinergic or nicotine-like effects and did not enhance the response to methacholine (indicative of a lack of inhibition of acetylcholinesterase-activity and of sensitization of the muscarine receptor). On the colon ascendens, cisapride induced contractions (EC50 = 3.5 X 10(-8) M) (metoclopramide, 3.5 X 10(-6) M), insensitive to atropine and only marginally inhibited by tetrodotoxin. In conclusion, cisapride effectively improves spontaneous or electrically evoked contractions of isolated preparations of the guinea pig, most likely via facilitation of the release of acetylcholine. However, the inhibition of gastric relaxation and the induction of colonic contractions in the presence of atropine indicate that, besides cholinergic neuronal pathways, other mechanisms are involved in the motor-stimulating properties of cisapride. PMID- 3897517 TI - Blood glucose levels modulate efferent activity in the vagal supply to the rat liver. AB - Efferent discharges were recorded from nerve filaments dissected from the hepatic branch of the vagus nerve in the rat. Intravenous administration of D-glucose enhanced efferent activity in the hepatic branch of the vagus nerve, whereas 2 deoxyglucose and insulin suppressed this activity. The rate at which these fibres fire was found to be related to the concentration of glucose in the blood. Vagal hepatic nerve activity was effectively blocked by section of the left cervical vagus indicating that this nerve is the main pathway of vagal efferent fibres innervating the liver. It is concluded that changes in the rate of hepatic glycogenesis, which occur in response to changes in blood glucose concentration, are mediated in part by the vagal efferent innervation of the liver. PMID- 3897518 TI - Pancreatic neuroendocrine responses to butyrate in conscious sheep. AB - The role of the autonomic innervation in the control of pancreatic endocrine responses to I.V. infusions of butyrate (0.02 mmol kg-1 min-1 for 10 min) has been investigated in conscious 4-6 month old weaned lambs. Intravenous butyrate produced a small rise in mean arterial plasma pancreatic glucagon concentration which was unlikely to have had any physiological effect and produced no consistent or statistically significant changes in mean plasma pancreatic polypeptide concentration in any of the groups studied. In contrast, butyrate produced an abrupt and substantial rise in mean plasma insulin concentration, which rose to a peak incremental value of about 300 pmol l-1 in normal control lambs. This response was unaffected by pre-treatment with either phentolamine or propranolol alone, but was significantly reduced by simultaneous administration of these drugs, as it was either by pre-treatment with atropine or prior section of the splanchnic nerves. The rise in mean plasma insulin concentration was inhibited most effectively by combined treatment with propranolol, phentolamine and atropine, which was significantly more effective than administration of atropine to lambs with cut splanchnic nerves (P less than 0.01). It is concluded that both divisions of the autonomic nervous system are likely to be involved in mediating the release of insulin from the pancreas, in response to butyrate, in this species under these experimental conditions and also in the resting state. PMID- 3897520 TI - Haslar Museum. PMID- 3897521 TI - [X-ray computed tomography of hydatid cyst of the liver: symptomatology and classification. Apropos of 157 cases including 146 surgically confirmed]. AB - Computed tomography (CT) and in most cases ultrasonography imaging was carried out in 157 patients with suspected hydatid cyst of liver (HCL), and the diagnosis was confirmed on operation in 146 cases. Findings enabled enrichment of CT semiology, proposals for a classification of HCL and precision concerning the value of CT for diagnosis of this affection. The CT scan was observed to provide data on the lesions and to establish the diagnosis of HCL in almost all patients (only one false positive in the 146 cases operated upon). It appeared to be a more reliable method than other exploratory examinations, particularly ultrasonography, in a good number of cases. The indications for CT are defined and the place of this examination in overall investigatory procedures discussed. PMID- 3897519 TI - The effect of captopril on sodium appetite in adrenalectomized and deoxycorticosterone-treated rats. AB - Captopril caused a renin-dependent increase in water intake in rats with bilateral ureteric ligation. But despite the fluid retention and fall in osmolality caused by the increased water intake, rats with ureteric ligation did not drink the 2.7% NaCl also offered to them. In rats with a pre-existing increase in sodium appetite caused by adrenalectomy, low dosage of captopril augmented intake of both water and 2.7% NaCl whereas high dosage inhibited intake of both fluids after an initial increase in water intake. In contrast, rats with a pre-existing increase in sodium appetite caused by daily injections of deoxycorticosterone showed no changes in intake of water or 2.7% NaCl after either low or high dosage of captopril, though they drank both fluids after intracranial injection of angiotensin II. Increases in water and 2.7% NaCl intake caused by low dosage of captopril in adrenalectomized rats were not secondary to increased urinary fluid and electrolyte losses. Decreases in intake after high dosage were not explained by the rats being too weak to drink. Low and high dosage of captopril caused increases in plasma renin concentration in adrenalectomized rats, but in contrast renin remained undetectable in the plasma of deoxycorticosterone-treated rats after the highest dosage of captopril. Whether or not captopril affected a pre-existing sodium appetite depended on whether or not it increased plasma renin. Since it affected the pre-existing sodium appetite and plasma renin in the adrenalectomized rat but neither of these in the deoxycorticosterone-treated rat, it is likely that the appetite was renin dependent in the former but not in the latter. Because captopril only affected thirst in the rat with ligated ureters whereas it affected both sodium appetite and thirst in the adrenalectomized rat, increases in renal renin secretion alone may not be enough to stimulate sodium appetite. The additional stimulus provided by adrenalectomy, or the absence of some inhibitory factor that may be present after ureteric ligation, is also needed. PMID- 3897522 TI - [Aberrant renal papilla. Apropos of a case]. AB - The authors report a case of aberrant renal papilla. This exceptional benign congenital anomaly produces a pelvo-calyceal filling defect. Emphasis is made on the major interest of intraoperative nephroscopy in order to avoid inappropriate surgery since ultrasonography does not seem to bring contributing positive data. PMID- 3897523 TI - Social work in general practice. PMID- 3897525 TI - PZ-peptidase activity from ejaculated boar spermatozoa. AB - Protein constituents of the boar spermatozoon were fractionated in three components, the hypotonic soluble fraction, the detergent-soluble fraction, and the detergent-insoluble fraction. When all these fractions were assayed spectrophotometrically using the PZ-peptide as substrate, a high value of PZ peptidase specific activity was observed in the first fraction. Electrophoretic analysis at pH 8.3 of the protein content from the hypotonic soluble fraction revealed the existence of multiple molecular forms capable of hydrolysing the PZ peptide. The major form was characterized by a surprisingly high value of electrophoretic mobility, index of the presence of numerous negatively charged residues. Biochemical and ultrastructural analyses showed that the hypotonic soluble fraction did not contain intrinsic, and specifically acrosomal, sperm enzymes. PMID- 3897526 TI - Androgen-dependent proteins in the urine of bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus). AB - The concentration of proteins in the urine of adult bank vole males was higher than that in urine of immature males and females. After separation of the urine by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of SDS, the principal urinary protein had a slightly lower mobility than cytochrome C. Urine from females or castrated males contained only trace amounts of this protein. Injection of testosterone into castrated males increased this protein band. We suggest that bank vole males, like those of rats and mice, synthesize and release in their urine an androgen-dependent protein fraction. PMID- 3897524 TI - Jogging in middle age. AB - The risks and possible cardiovascular benefits of beginning a programme of jogging in middle age are critically reviewed. A lifelong habit of vigorous exercise results in lower incidence rates of ischaemic heart disease. There is, however, no direct evidence that the same is true when sedentary middle-aged people decide to begin exercise. Exercise can have a beneficial effect on the risk factors for ischaemic heart disease but whether this reduces the likelihood of death from ischaemic heart disease remains unproven. There are approximately 12 sudden deaths per 100 000 male joggers in the USA attributable to jogging annually, while almost a third of all joggers report a musculoskeletal injury in a 12-month period. PMID- 3897527 TI - Origin and differentiation of the endocrine cells of the ovary. AB - A large proportion of the somatic cells of the developing ovaries of mouse, human and rabbit stems from the mesonephric tissue. In the immature mouse ovary and in the 19-day-old fetal rabbit ovary, the first steroid-producing cells differentiate among the mesonephric-derived cells within the ovary. In the fetal human ovary, the first steroid-producing cells arise in the inner part of the cortex and differentiate concomitantly with the formation of small follicles. The origin of the early steroid-producing cells in the human ovary is still uncertain. During early ovarian development, formation and further differentiation of the steroid-producing interstitial cells seem to continue only in areas devoid of free viable germ cells. PMID- 3897528 TI - Morbidity and mortality from second-trimester abortions. AB - The comparative safety of methods used to perform second-trimester abortion is an important public health concern. Morbidity and mortality studies have indicated that dilation and evacuation (D&E) is safer than instillation abortion, which is safer than hysterotomy and hysterectomy. In the third phase of the Joint Program for the Study of Abortion, the adjusted relative risk of serious complications associated with the intraamniotic instillation of urea and prostaglandin F2 alpha (the safest abortifacient regimen) was 1.9 times that associated with D&E (95% confidence interval, 1.2-3.1). An analysis of abortion mortality in the United States from 1972 to 1981 revealed a death-to-case rate of 4.9 per 100,000 abortions associated with D&E, 9.6 with instillation methods and over 60 with hysterotomy and hysterectomy. Little information exists concerning potential late sequelae of second-trimester abortion. D&E appears to be the safest method of second-trimester abortion available in the United States. PMID- 3897529 TI - Acute rheumatic fever in adults--the disease. PMID- 3897530 TI - Antibodies to vimentin intermediate filaments in sera from patients with SLE and RA: quantitation by solid phase radioimmunoassay. AB - A solid phase radioimmunoassay was used to quantify levels of antibodies to vimentin intermediate filaments (VIF) of the cytoskeleton in sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Significantly higher levels of these antibodies were found in 52% of the SLE sera studied, compared to 6% in RA sera and 10% of sera from healthy controls. These antibodies include IgG and IgM classes of immunoglobulins. Our results show that high levels of anti-VIF antibodies are more prevalent in SLE sera, whereas no significant differences are found between sera from patients with RA and healthy controls. PMID- 3897531 TI - Rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis synovial fluid effects on primary human endothelial cell cultures. AB - Since vascular proliferation may be important in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and/or osteoarthritis (OA), this study examined the induction of angiogenesis by these synovial fluids (SF). Four of 11 (36%) RA and 2 of 6 (33%) OA SF caused early morphological changes in human endothelial cell cultures. SF from 7 of 11 (63%) RA and 4 of 8 (50%) OA patients resulted in the late formation of tabular networks morphologically resembling capillaries observed in vivo. Early morphological changes in cultures were associated with a significantly (p less than 0.05) longer duration of disease in patients with RA. Factors present in the SF of RA and OA patients may play a role in the excessive vascularization which often occurs in these arthropathies. PMID- 3897532 TI - Nuclear matrix antibodies in rheumatic diseases. AB - We describe a new type of human antinuclear antibody (ANA) reacting with the nuclear matrix by indirect immunofluorescence technique. Cultured cells of human and animal origin were used as substrate. Before assay, cells were extracted with buffers to remove other components of the nuclei leaving the matrix intact. Two types of immunofluorescence staining patterns were seen: homogenous and speckled. When human embryonic fibroblasts were used as targets, sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) contained significantly more nuclear matrix antibodies of the homogenous type than the control group. These antibodies were often, especially in SLE, species cross reacting. (When PTK-2 cells were used as substrate the difference between SLE and RA was also significant [60 vs 8%]). Antibodies with speckled staining pattern were seen only in the patient sera. Their highest incidence (35%) was found in sera from patients with the primary sicca syndrome. The nuclear matrix may be a major target for ANA in rheumatic diseases. PMID- 3897533 TI - A multidot immunobinding assay for autoimmune testing: evaluation for the diagnosis and management of connective tissue diseases. AB - Multidot immunobinding assays were evaluated for applicability to connective tissue diseases. Four groups of human sera [(a) healthy, (b) miscellaneous diseases, (c) rheumatoid arthritis and (d) other connective tissue diseases] were used to obtain profiles comprising antibodies against DNA, various subcellular components and rheumatoid factor (RF). Qualitative correlation with standard tests for antinuclear factor and RF was shown. Statistically significant ranges of titer for groups (c) and (d) were obtained, and monitoring individual patients during the progression of disease was demonstrated. PMID- 3897534 TI - Clinical comparison of cultured human epithelial cells and rat liver as substrates for the fluorescent antinuclear antibody test. AB - Fluorescent antinuclear antibody (ANA) testing was performed on 141 sera from 114 patients with well defined rheumatic diseases including fibrositis syndrome and 24 sera from 24 healthy subjects using HEp-2 cells and rat liver as substrates. ANA titers were almost always higher on HEp-2, in most cases by 1:5 dilutions. ANA positivity or negativity was usually substrate independent, but there were exceptions. Two patients with SLE were ANA positive on HEp-2 only and rat liver only, respectively; patterns were homogeneous. Thirteen of 15 CREST patients had anticentromere antibodies, detected on HEp-2 only. "False-positive" ANA were invariably low titer, speckled and confined to one substrate. PMID- 3897535 TI - Piroxicam vs indomethacin: a double blind multicenter comparative study in osteoarthritis. A Canadian Multicenter Study. AB - A 12-week, double blind study was conducted in 140 patients with osteoarthritis to compare the efficacy and toleration of piroxicam 10-20 mg once daily to indomethacin 75-125 mg in divided doses. Seventy-seven percent of piroxicam and 63% of indomethacin patients completed the study. The number of drop-outs due to side effects in the indomethacin group was twice that in the piroxicam group (p less than 0.05). The frequency of GI side effects was similar in both groups. There were more CNS side effects with indomethacin (headache), and more skin side effects with piroxicam. Piroxicam was comparable to indomethacin with respect to efficacy and offered better toleration and a simplified dosage regimen. PMID- 3897536 TI - Rare adverse reactions to nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. PMID- 3897538 TI - Tophaceous gout as the emblem of a mid 19th century itinerant salesman in Paris. PMID- 3897537 TI - Hidden and classical 19S IgM rheumatoid factor in a juvenile rheumatoid arthritis patient. AB - Hidden 19S IgM rheumatoid factors (RF), i.e., 19S IgM RF which can be detected in the IgM containing fraction after acid gel filtration of serum, are found in 59 68% of patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA). Their presence generally correlates with disease activity. We describe a 12 year-old female with a polyarticular onset of JRA who, during her first 15 months of disease, was seronegative but had hidden RF titers of 1:128----1:256. Inhibition studies on her hidden RF showed specificity for HIgG greater than RIgG and equal specificity for the human IgG subclasses (IgG1 = IgG3). In the second and third year of disease, she became seropositive with RF titers varying from 1:40 to 1:320 while her hemolytic titers on her IgM fractions were decreased from 1:128 to 1:32. Inhibition studies now demonstrated a higher avidity for RIgG; and HIgG3 inhibited more than HIgG1. These studies documented for the first time a JRA patient who early in the disease was negative for RF and positive for hidden RF, and who later became seropositive. PMID- 3897539 TI - Specificity of Crithidia luciliae method for detecting anti-DNA antibodies. Effect of absorption for lipoproteins. PMID- 3897540 TI - More on discrepant Farr and Crithidia Luciliae assays. PMID- 3897541 TI - New bidentates as full inhibitors of enkephalin-degrading enzymes: synthesis and analgesic properties. AB - New compounds were designed to fully inhibit the in vitro metabolism of enkephalins, ensured by three different metallopeptidases. For this purpose, bidentate ligands as hydroxamate and N-hydroxy-N-formylamino groups were selected as highly potent metal coordinating agents and introduced on Phe-Gly and Phe-Ala related structures. Compounds corresponding to the general formula HC(O)N(OH)CH2CH(CH2Ph)CONHCH2COOH (compound 7) and HN(OH)C(O)CH2CH(CH2Ph)CONHCH(R)COOH (compound 11, R = H; compound 13, R = CH3) behave as full inhibitors of the three enzymes, with IC50's in the nanomolar range for enkephalinase, from 0.3 microM to 1 nM for dipeptidylaminopeptidase, and in the micromolar range for a biologically relevant aminopeptidase. Two diastereoisomers of the most active inhibitor 13 were separated by HPLC and their stereochemistry was assigned by 1H NMR spectroscopy. Both isomers were efficient as enkephalinase blockers, but only the RS isomer, designated kelatorphan, was able to strongly inhibit aminopeptidase and dipeptidylaminopeptidase. Intracerebroventricular injection in mice of these mixed inhibitors, especially kelatorphan, led to naloxone reversible analgesic responses (hot-plate test) that were slightly better than those produced by a mixture of thiorphan and bestatin, two potent inhibitors of enkephalinase and aminopeptidase, respectively. Kelatorphan was also more efficient in potentiating the analgesia induced by a subanalgesic dose of Met-enkephalin. All these results support a physiological role in pain transmission for enkephalinase and a probably synaptic aminopeptidase M. PMID- 3897542 TI - Perceptions and knowledge of medical students regarding computer applications in medicine. PMID- 3897543 TI - Experimental manipulations and marrow-derived factors which affect the outcome of bone marrow transplantation across the H-2 barrier in lethally irradiated mice. AB - A system is illustrated here for transplantation of bone marrow (BMT) across the H-2 barrier in conventionally raised mice. Timing of BM inoculation after supralethal irradiation, alteration of cellular composition of BM cell inoculum, sex of donor and recipient, inoculation or removal of BM-derived supernatants, use of BM-derived factors were all variables which profoundly affected survival, hemopoietic engraftment and induction of permanent, irreversible chimerism in different strains of mice (H-2d, H-2b, H-2k) transplanted with allogeneic BM. Inoculation of BM shortly after irradiation and addition or removal of plastic adherent cells to the BM adversely affected survival and chimerism. Also inoculation of BM in its original supernatant containing all extracellular, endogenous BM factors resulted in increased mortality. BM-derived regulating factors (MRF) exerted variable effects in different H-2 combinations. However, heat-stable components of MRF greatly affected survival and chimerism. BM-derived supernatants and MRF from rabbit or different murine H-2 types thus seem to contain powerful inhibitors and promoters of BM engraftment. Promoters stimulate allogeneic BM engraftment, are heat-resistant and non-species specific. The different character and concentration of those factors between different H-2 types is also illustrated by their in vitro effects on BM cells. These results demonstrate that different experimental manipulations and factors which do not strictly depend on genetic diversity between donor and recipient profoundly affect allogeneic BMT. Adoption of manipulations combined with use of non-T cell depleted BM and the still largely unidentified BM-derived factors result in increment of survival and lasting chimerism without any manifestation of early or late graft versus-host disease (GVHD). PMID- 3897544 TI - Distribution of marker-specific lymphocyte subsets in healthy human subjects. AB - Cell membrane surface markers on peripheral blood lymphocytes of healthy human subjects were analysed by flow cytometry using monoclonal antibodies. Peripheral blood was obtained from 156 healthy individuals of both sexes, and ages ranging from 2-82 yr. The distribution of the lymphocytes with specific cell markers according to differences in sex and age was calculated. There was a significant difference (p less than 0.05) between sexes in the mean percentages of OKT4+ and OKT8+ cells and in the OKT4/8 ratio while the OKT3+, OKT10+ and OKIa1+ cells, and OKT4/8 ratio clearly correlated with age. A significant correlation among OKT3+, OKT4+, OKT8+, OKT11+ and OKIa1+ cells was obtained, and the results indicated that the percentage of a specific marker-positive cell varied under the influence of other marker-positive cells. PMID- 3897545 TI - Enzyme immunoassay of C1q and its application to the detection of C1q antigens in urine. AB - A highly sensitive enzyme immunoassay for the determination of C1q, a subcomponent of the first component of complement, C1, was developed to determine C1q in body fluid. Anti-C1q F(ab')2 fragments were immobilized on silicone rubber and after the interaction of anti-C1q with C1q, Fab' fragments of anti-C1q coupled with beta-D-galactosidase were added. The amounts of C1q were measured by enzymatic activity of beta-D-galactosidase to cleave 4-methylumbelliferyl-D galactoside. A calibration curve of C1q indicates that C1q could be determined in the range of 0.3 ng/ml-1 mg/ml, the optimal range being 1-100 ng/ml. While C1q was not detectable in the urine of healthy volunteers, C1q could be determined in the urine of patients with renal diseases. The highest level of C1q detected was 31.8 ng/ml in urine of chronic nephritis. PMID- 3897546 TI - Effect of different phospholipids on the reconstitution of two functions of the lactose carrier of Escherichia coli. AB - The lactose carrier was extracted from membranes of Escherichia coli and transport activity reconstituted in proteoliposomes containing different phospholipids. Two different assays for carrier activity were utilized: counterflow and membrane potential-driven uptake. Proteoliposomes composed of E. coli lipid or of 50% phosphatidylethanolamine--50% phosphatidylcholine showed very high transport activity with both assays. On the other hand, proteoliposomes containing asolectin, phosphatidylcholine or 25% cholesterol/75% phosphatidylcholine showed good counterflow activity but poor membrane potential driven uptake. The discrepancy between the two types of transport activity in the latter group of three lipids is not due to leakiness to protons, size of proteoliposomes, or carrier protein content per proteoliposome. Apparently one function of the carrier molecule shows a broad tolerance for various phospholipids, while a second facet of the membrane protein activity requires very restricted lipid environment. PMID- 3897547 TI - Characterization of the multiple transport routes for methotrexate in L1210 cells using phthalate as a model anion substrate. AB - o-Phthalate is actively transported into L1210 cells and the primary route for cell entry is the same transport system which mediates the influx of methotrexate and other folate compounds. The identity of the influx route has been established by the following observations: (A) Phthalate influx is competitively inhibited by methotrexate and the inhibition constant (Ki) is comparable to the Kt for half maximal influx of methotrexate: (B) Various anions inhibit the influx of phthalate and methotrexate with comparable Ki values; (C) The influx of phthalate and methotrexate both fluctuate in parallel with changes in the anionic composition of the external medium; and (D) A specific covalent inhibitor of the methotrexate transport system (NHS-methotrexate) also blocks the transport of phthalate. In contrast, the efflux of phthalate does not occur via the methotrexate influx carrier, but rather by two separate processes which can be distinguished by their sensitivities to bromosulfophthalein. Efflux via the bromosulfophthalein-sensitive route constitutes 75% of total efflux and is enhanced by glucose and inhibited by oligomycin. The inability of phthalate to exit via the methotrexate influx carrier is due to competing intracellular anions which prevent phthalate from interacting with the methotrexate binding site at the inner membrane surface. PMID- 3897548 TI - Electric pulse-induced fusion of mouse lymphoma cells: roles of divalent cations and membrane lipid domains. AB - Mouse leukemic lymphoblasts (L5178Y) brought into close contact by dielectrophoresis underwent cell fusion following the application of electrical pulses in the presence of electrolytes. The electrically fused cells became spherical after switching off the dielectrophoretic field. Fusion between a cell vitally stained with Janus Green and that with Neutral Red resulted in the homokaryon with a mixed color. Intracellular potentials simultaneously recorded from the two cells located on both sides of the homokaryon were identical. The fusion efficiency was remarkably dependent upon temperature, displaying a discontinuity at about 11 degrees C in the Arrhenius plot. The extracellular application of phospholipase-A2 or -C suppressed the fusion yield. Thus, it appears that the phospholipid domains play a crucial role in the electric pulse induced cell fusion. Treatment of the cells with proteolytic enzymes markedly enhanced the fusion yield, presumably due to removing the glycocalix and/or giving rise to fusion-potent, protein-free lipid domains. The presence of millimolar concentrations of divalent cations (irrespective of Mg2+ or Ca2+) as well as of micromolar concentrations of Ca2+ (but not Mg2+) was prerequisite to the resealing of membranes suffered from electrical breakdown upon exposure to electric pulses. In addition, extracellular Ca2+ (but not Mg2+) ions at more than micromolar concentrations were indispensable for the cell fusion. PMID- 3897549 TI - Method for evaluating hospital emergency department treatment. PMID- 3897550 TI - Progressive versus self-control relaxation to reduce spontaneous bleeding in hemophiliacs. AB - Motivated by previous reports of relaxation successes with hemophiliacs, we sought to isolate the value of relaxation strategies. The effects of progressive and self-control relaxation on spontaneous bleeding and collateral symptoms were tested with seven hemophiliacs in a combined multiple-baseline partial-crossover design. Following 6 or 12 weeks of training in either or both relaxation methods, there was no strong evidence that the treatment affected bleeding or perceived pain in these subjects. These disappointing results were obtained despite within session physiological evidence of relaxation induction and self- and spouse reports of faithful relaxation practice. The present results failed to replicate previous findings, cast doubt on the stress theory of spontaneous bleeding, and recommend further research to clarify the role of psychological interventions for hemophiliacs. PMID- 3897551 TI - The clinical use of mindfulness meditation for the self-regulation of chronic pain. AB - Ninety chronic pain patients were trained in mindfulness meditation in a 10-week Stress Reduction and Relaxation Program. Statistically significant reductions were observed in measures of present-moment pain, negative body image, inhibition of activity by pain, symptoms, mood disturbance, and psychological symptomatology, including anxiety and depression. Pain-related drug utilization decreased and activity levels and feelings of self-esteem increased. Improvement appeared to be independent of gender, source of referral, and type of pain. A comparison group of pain patients did not show significant improvement on these measures after traditional treatment protocols. At follow-up, the improvements observed during the meditation training were maintained up to 15 months post meditation training for all measures except present-moment pain. The majority of subjects reported continued high compliance with the meditation practice as part of their daily lives. The relationship of mindfulness meditation to other psychological methods for chronic pain control is discussed. PMID- 3897552 TI - Positive control of transcription initiation in Escherichia coli. A base substitution at the Pribnow box renders ompF expression independent of a positive regulator. AB - Expression of the ompF gene coding for a major outer membrane protein of Escherichia coli is positively regulated by the product of the ompR gene, OmpR. Using an ompF-tet chimera gene, ompF promoter mutants that render the ompF expression independent of the OmpR protein were isolated. In all of the four mutants that were isolated separately, the first base of the Pribnow box was changed from A to T. The mutant promoter did not require the upstream domain of the -35 region that is required for the OmpR-dependent functioning of the wild type promoter. It is concluded that the domain upstream from the -35 region plays a role in the positive regulation by the OmpR protein. A statistical survey of the E. coli promoter sequence revealed that almost all of the genes that do not require an activator protein for their expression possess T at the first position of the Pribnow box, while the position is occupied by other bases in almost all of the positively regulated genes. Based on these facts, the mechanism of positive regulation of the gene expression by an activator protein is discussed. PMID- 3897553 TI - Crystallographic refinement of yeast aspartic acid transfer RNA. AB - The structure of yeast transfer RNA aspartic acid has been refined in one crystal form to 3 A resolution using the restrained least-squares method of Hendrickson and Konnert and real-space fitting using the FRODO program of Jones. The final crystallographic discrepancy index R is 23.5% for 4585 reflections with magnitudes twice their standard deviations between 10 and 3 A. With lower occupancies for some residues of the D-loop, the phosphate U1, and the base U33, the R-factor is 22.3%. The adaptation of the restrained least-squares program for nucleic acids and the progress of the refinement are described. The conformations are analysed with respect to stereochemistry and folding of the backbone. The contacts and hydrogen bonds of the secondary structure are compared with those of yeast tRNAPhe. The presence of only four bases in the variable loop, instead of five as in yeast tRNAPhe, leads to a rotation of residue 48 and a lateral movement of residue 46. These two rearrangements induce different environments for [U8 . . . A14] . . . A21 as well as for A9 and G45. Otherwise, all tertiary contacts observed in yeast tRNAPhe are present in yeast tRNAAsp, except for the absence of hydrogen-bonding between G18 of the D-loop and C56 of the T-loop. The presence of anticodon triplet pairing leads to a distribution of temperature factors different from that observed in yeast tRNAPhe with a stabilization of the AC stem-and-loop and a destabilization of the T and D-loops. We are inclined to suggest that the labilization of the interactions between the T and D-loops is a consequence of the interaction of the anticodon triplets of symmetry-related molecules through hydrogen bonding, which mimics the interaction between the anticodon and its cognate codon on the messenger RNA. PMID- 3897554 TI - Increased expression of ribosomal genes during inhibition of ribosome assembly in Escherichia coli. AB - We have examined a prediction made from the ribosome feedback regulation model of ribosomal RNA and transfer RNA synthesis in Escherichia coli. This model proposes that non-translating "free" ribosomes act directly or indirectly as negative feedback inhibitors to regulate the transcription of rRNA and tRNA operons. One prediction of this model is that preferential inhibition of the assembly of ribosomes (without inhibiting macromolecular synthesis) should lead to a deficiency of free ribosomes which should, in turn, cause a stimulation of rRNA (and tRNA) synthesis. We have examined this prediction in vivo by causing the preferential inhibition of synthesis of certain ribosomal proteins by an overproduction of the translational repressor ribosomal protein S4. In agreement with our model, we have observed a preferential stimulation of ribosomal protein messenger RNA and rRNA synthesis under these conditions. These results suggest that ribosomes in the cellular pool, rather than incomplete ribosomal particles or free rRNA, are monitored by cells to regulate the rate of rRNA synthesis, and give further support to this proposed model. PMID- 3897555 TI - Membrane damage and the pathogenesis of cardiomyopathies. AB - Membrane damage plays an important role in the pathogenesis of ischemic damage to the myocardium, and is ultimately responsible for the release of cellular contents-notably intracellular enzymes-after ischemic cell death. This membrane damage may be caused by the incorporation of lipids into myocardial membranes, by the enzymatic actions of lipases that hydrolyze membrane phospholipids, and by free radicals that are produced in the ischemic myocardium. Much less is known of the role of membrane damage in the cardiomyopathies, but direct myocardial membrane damage may occur in some specific forms of this diverse class of diseases. Direct membrane effects of exogenous substances are likely to be of pathogenic significance in alcoholic and some toxic cardiomyopathies, for example those produced by hydrocarbons and adriamycin. Membrane damage may also play a role in the pathogenesis of viral cardiomyopathies, due possibly to incorporation of viral components into the cardiac sarcolemma where these foreign materials can serve as antigens that direct host responses to attack the cells of the heart. PMID- 3897556 TI - Trichloroethylene: an update. AB - The toxicity of tricholoroethylene (TCE) has been summarized in a number of reviews. In this particular update, only the more recent studies that deal with metabolism and carcinogenicity have been examined. In reviewing the more recent publications on metabolism of TCE, we determined that differences exist in its metabolism if low doses are compared with high doses in animals. There may also be a difference in the metabolism of TCE between different species--namely mice, rats, and humans. TCE has not been shown to be a potent carcinogen in rats and it only seems to be a potent carcinogen in one specific strain of mice, namely the B6C3F1 mouse. Epidemiology studies have been rather limited. The number of persons examined so far for chronic toxic effects is small, compared with the enormous size of the work force that is exposed to TCE over prolonged periods. On an empirical basis, the occupational experience with TCE does not suggest that this compound is a potent carcinogen. The risk associated with exposure to trace amount (ppb) concentrations of TCE in water appear to be minimal or perhaps negligible. Because there are differences in metabolism of TCE, it is important that theoretical risks attributed to TCE in the past be reexamined. It is highly possible that in humans, the metabolic pathway leading to the formation of the proximate carcinogen is not activated at low doses, where TCE is excreted by first-order kinetics. PMID- 3897557 TI - Rib fracture healing in experimental flail chest. AB - Sixteen dogs were placed under general anesthesia and flail segments of the left chest were created by transecting ribs 7,8,9, and 10 anteriorly and posteriorly. Fractures were 10 cm apart so that a 10-cm flail segment encompassing four ribs was created. In Group I, the control (N = 5), the chest wall muscles were closed without any stabilization of the fractures. Group II (N = 5) had stabilization of both anterior and posterior fracture sites by polypropylene sutures. Group III (N = 6) had stabilization of the fractures in ribs 7 and 8 with 2.5-cm bone grafts taken from the left fourth rib. Ribs 9 and 10 were stabilized by polypropylene sutures. The study established a canine model for flail chest. It also showed that strut stabilization of rib fractures with bone grafts promotes better healing than suture stabilization. It suggests that using bone grafts taken from another rib to stabilize flail segments may be unsatisfactory since the rib used as a donor showed no signs of regeneration at 30 days. PMID- 3897558 TI - Dose-finding trial using Oltipraz to treat schoolchildren infected with Schistosoma mansoni in Gezira, Sudan. AB - A field trial has been carried out in Sudan to determine the optimum dosage regimen for the use of Oltipraz in the treatment of Schistosoma mansoni in schoolchildren. A total of 294 children were treated in six groups to test 15 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg, and 25 mg/kg, using a single oral dose and a divided dose taken some 6 h apart. The children were interviewed before and then 24 h after treatment to determine the prevalence of drug-induced side-effects. Most of the children having complained of abdominal pain before treatment, insisted that they suffered further abdominal pain as a result of the drug. Four children complained of fingertip pain and 17 of blurred vision. The latter side-effect had not previously been recorded in Sudan and, with the fingertip pain, is a cause for concern. There was no difference in the cumulative failure rates between the single and the divided doses, but there was a significant improvement in the efficacy from the 15 mg/kg to the higher doses. The cumulative failure rate increased with higher pretreatment egg count. However at each level the reduction in egg count among failures at the 5-week follow-up, was significant at the 95% probability level. The efficacy of the drug was satisfactory when used at 20 or 25 mg/kg, but the strange side-effects need to be explained before any further use can be recommended. PMID- 3897559 TI - Treatment with praziquantel of schoolchildren with concurrent Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium infections in Gezira, Sudan. AB - A field trial was conducted in Sudan to evaluate the acceptability and efficacy of praziquantel given to schoolchildren aged 7-11 years who were all infected with both Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium. Two dosage regimes were compared, a single dose of 40 mg/kg bodyweight, and a divided dose 2 X 20 mg/kg given 4-6 h apart. When interviewed 24 h after treatment, 80% of the children complained of drug-induced abdominal pain, diarrhoea, nausea or vomiting. However none of the side-effects persisted beyond the day of treatment. More children complained of side-effects from the divided dose than from the single dose. The cure rate in the divided-dose group was slightly better than in the single-dose group but the differences were not significant at any follow-up, nor when results were expressed in terms of cumulative failures. The initial cure rates were 66.3% and 61.8% at 1 month, and 73.2% and 64.7% at 3 months for the divided and single doses respectively. After 12 months there had apparently been considerable reinfection with S. mansoni and 73% of the children were passing eggs. Reinfection with S. haematobium was negligible. PMID- 3897560 TI - Field trials with Oltipraz against Schistosoma mansoni in the Gezira Irrigated Area, Sudan. AB - Oltipraz, a new antischistosomal drug, has been field tested in Sudan for acceptability, tolerance and efficacy against Schistosoma mansoni. One hundred and fifty-one school children aged 7 to 12 years were selected for treatment with 20 mg/kg Oltipraz, 78 with a single dose and 73 with a split dose, on the same day. The drug was well tolerated except that 20 children in one school complained of fingertip pain. Parasitological follow-up after 5 weeks, 3 and 6 months produced cure rates (i.e., 2 negative stools) of 41 to 72% with the single dose and 53 to 75% with the split dose. The overall egg output reduction was over 95% from a pretreatment geometric mean egg count of 840 eggs/g. These results indicate that a 20-mg/kg dose of Oltipraz can effectively reduce egg counts but that a larger dose will be required to produce higher cure rates. PMID- 3897561 TI - The value of ultrasonography as a screening procedure in a first-documented urinary tract infection in children. AB - To evaluate the role of ultrasonography in the investigation of childhood urinary tract infections (UTI), 240 patients aged 2 days to 15 years with a first documented UTI were examined first by sonography, then by intravenous urography (IVU), and when indicated by voiding cysto-urethrogram (VCU). According to the results of these examinations, the patients were divided into three groups. In Group 1 (71 patients), abnormal sonographic findings were confirmed by the radiographic studies. Patients in Group 2 (51 patients) had discrepancies between sonographic and radiographic findings, the most important of which concerned the assessment of vesico-ureteric reflux (VUR). In Group 3 (118 patients), sonographic and subsequent radiographic investigations were normal. Although ultrasonography can sometimes detect VUR, major reflux can be missed by sonography alone. In young children at risk for reflux nephropathy, ultrasound examination of the urinary tract must be accompanied by a VCU or isotope cysto urethrogram. PMID- 3897562 TI - Ovarian hyperstimulation with exogenous pulsatile gonadotropin releasing hormone therapy. AB - Two cases are reported of women with hypothalamic amenorrhea who had sonographic and biochemical evidence of ovarian hyperstimulation during the first cycle of exogenous pulsatile gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) therapy. In one case, it was demonstrated that, with early detection, decrease in the dosage of GnRH may stabilize the condition and prevent further progression of the hyperstimulation. Therefore, the authors suggest that sonographic monitoring should be performed at least in the initial ovulatory cycle so that adjustment of the dosage of GnRH can be made with early detection of hyperstimulation. PMID- 3897563 TI - Duplex ultrasound screening for carotid arteriosclerotic disease in asymptomatic patients. AB - Duplex carotid sonography was performed on 254 asymptomatic patients over the age of 55, yielding 500 adequate vessel examinations. Overall, 19.8 per cent of vessels were normal, 27 per cent had mild disease (less than 30 per cent diameter stenosis), 23 per cent had 30-49 per cent stenosis, 18.8 per cent had 50-69 per cent stenosis, 8.6 per cent had severe stenosis of 70-99 per cent, and 2.8 per cent of vessels were occluded. Many of the patients eventually underwent major surgical procedures and there were no cases of operative or perioperative morbidity or mortality. Only one of 254 patients has had a stroke in the two-year study period. Arteriosclerotic disease is common in patients over 55 years of age, but, in this series, does not seem to be of clinical significance. This supports the view that invasive tests and carotid endarterectomy should be reserved for symptomatic patients. Duplex sonography is an excellent noninvasive method of evaluation and follow-up of asymptomatic patients, and long-term studies with this modality should help to determine the natural history and clinical significance of extracranial carotid arteriosclerotic disease. PMID- 3897564 TI - Sonographic appearance of normal lymph nodes. AB - Normal lymph nodes appear sonographically as somewhat flattened hypoechogenic structures. Chronic inflammation, obesity, and degenerative changes leading to benign fatty replacement of lymphoid tissue are responsible for the variations seen with high-resolution ultrasonography. These fatty deposits, beginning in the center of the lymph node and progressing toward the periphery, are easily recognized as highly reflective defects in the hypoechogenic lymphoid tissue. PMID- 3897565 TI - Correlation of the echogenicity and structure of clotted blood. AB - The echogenicity of clotting human blood in sterile plastic bags was studied for up to 21 days and correlated with the histology of the clots. As observed with a 6-MHz A-scanner and a 5-MHz real-time gray-scale scanner, fresh blood and fresh clots were rich in internal echoes. The blood clot gradually became anechoic as a result of erythrocyte packing, hemolysis, and formation of fibrin thrombus, except for the irregular upper border, which also remained histologically inhomogeneous. This study shows that the echogenicity of a hematoma or clot is dependent on its histology; namely, on the distribution and integrity of cells within the clot. PMID- 3897566 TI - Diagnostic ultrasonography: certain legal considerations. PMID- 3897567 TI - Prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of ambiguous genitalia. PMID- 3897568 TI - Sonographic demonstration of endometrioma arising in cesarean scar. PMID- 3897569 TI - Sonographic appearance of the abnormally positioned Foley catheter. PMID- 3897570 TI - A tandem guide for renal biopsy. AB - Percutaneous renal biopsy with direct ultrasound guidance can minimize complications of the biopsy procedure. Presently, many laboratories use ultrasound to localize the kidney, and to calculate the appropriate depth and angle for biopsy needle placement. The actual biopsy, however, is performed blindly. A modification of this technique is presented wherein a 22-gauge guide needle is directed into the kidney using direct ultrasound visualization. This needle serves as a tandem guide for the biopsy needle. The technique reduces the number of unsuccessful needle passes, and minimizes the time required for the procedure, patient discomfort, and potential morbidity. PMID- 3897571 TI - Differences in cell-to-cell spread of pathogenic and apathogenic rabies virus in vivo and in vitro. AB - Pathogenic parental rabies virus and apathogenic variant virus were shown to differ in their ability to infect neurons in vivo and neuroblastoma cells in vitro. After intracerebral inoculation, the distribution of infected neurons in the brain was similar for both viruses, but the rate of spread throughout the brain, the number of infected neurons, and the degree of cellular necrosis were much lower in the case of apathogenic virus. After adsorption to mouse neuroblastoma cells, apathogenic virus was less rapidly internalized than pathogenic virus, and cell-to-cell spread of apathogenic variant virus was completely prevented by the addition of rabies virus-neutralizing antibody, whereas the spread of pathogenic virus was not affected. PMID- 3897573 TI - Identification by immunobinding assay of the polypeptide coded by the DNA polymerase gene of bacteriophage T5 and its amber mutants and the direction of transcription of the gene. AB - We identified by immunobinding assay the polypeptides synthesized as the result of amber mutations in the DNA polymerase gene of bacteriophage T5. Comparison of the size of such polypeptides revealed the order of mutagenic loci of these mutations and the direction of transcription of the gene. Extracts of cells infected with wild-type T5 and with five amber mutants of the polymerase gene (D7, D8, D9, am1, and am6) were prepared, and the proteins were resolved by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis. After transfer of the proteins to a nitrocellulose sheet, a radioimmunolabeling technique was used to identify the T5 DNA polymerase and its amber mutant polypeptides. Based on the relative sizes of the polypeptides, the transcription of the T5 DNA polymerase gene was determined to proceed in the order D7, D8, am1, D9, and am6. The molecular weights of the DNA polymerase polypeptides coded by D8, am1, D9, am6, and T5+ were 23,000, 45,000, 75,000, 83,000, and 96,000, respectively. The D7 coded polypeptide was not detectable. These data suggest that the carboxyl terminal region of the enzyme is essential for the polymerase function. PMID- 3897572 TI - Phosphorylation in vitro of Escherichia coli-produced 235R and 266R tumor antigens encoded by human adenovirus type 12 early transformation region 1A. AB - The tumor (T) antigens encoded by the human adenovirus early transforming region 1A (E1A) are gene regulatory proteins whose functions can immortalize cells. We have recently described the synthesis in Escherichia coli and the purification of the complete T antigens encoded by the adenovirus type 12 (Ad12) E1A 12S mRNA (235-residue [235R] T antigen) and 13S mRNA (266R T antigen). In this study, we show that the Ad12 E1A T antigens are extensively phosphorylated in Ad12-infected mammalian cells but are not phosphorylated in E. coli. Inasmuch as posttranslational phosphorylation at specific amino acid sites may be important for biological activity, we have studied the phosphorylation of the E. coli produced T antigens in vitro by using a kinase activity isolated from cultured human KB cells. The kinase was purified about 300-fold and appears to be a cyclic AMP-independent, Ca2+-independent protein kinase requiring only ATP and Mg2+ for activity. To determine which amino acids are phosphorylated and whether phosphorylation in vitro occurs at the same amino acid sites that are phosphorylated in vivo, the Ad12 E1A T-antigen species synthesized by infected cells were metabolically labeled with 32Pi and compared with the E. coli-produced E1A T antigens labeled in vitro with [gamma-32P]ATP by using the partially purified kinase. Partial V8 proteolysis analysis gave similar patterns for in vivo- and in vitro-phosphorylated T antigen. Two-dimensional maps of tryptic phosphopeptides and of chymotryptic phosphopeptides suggested that mainly the same amino acid sites are phosphorylated in vitro and in vivo and that phosphorylation occurred at multiple sites distributed throughout the T-antigen molecule. Serine was the only amino acid that was phosphorylated both in vivo and in vitro, and, surprisingly, most serines appeared to be phosphorylated. The feasibility of faithfully phosphorylating T antigens in vitro suggests that the E. coli-produced Ad12 E1A 235R and 266R T antigens may prove useful for molecular studies on T-antigen function. PMID- 3897574 TI - Measles virus matrix protein detected by immune fluorescence with monoclonal antibodies in the brain of patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. AB - Brain materials from four cases of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis were examined by immune fluorescence with monoclonal antibodies against five structural components of measles virus. All five antigens including the matrix component were present in the brain tissues of all cases. A defective Vero cell associated virus isolate from one of the cases produced all of the structural components except the matrix protein. PMID- 3897575 TI - Experience with parallel incision extravesical ureteroneocystostomy in renal transplantation. AB - A total of 43 consecutive renal transplant patients underwent extravesical ureteroneocystostomy via a parallel incision. The only urological complication (ureteral obstruction from a blood clot) did not appear to be related to this recently described technique. There were no instances of urinary leakage, extrinsic ureteral obstruction or reflux. This simplified technique of ureteroneocystostomy seems well suited to the special challenges presented by renal transplant patients. PMID- 3897576 TI - High resolution scrotal ultrasonography: a highly sensitive but nonspecific diagnostic technique. AB - We compared surgical and pathological findings to those of preoperative scrotal ultrasonography in 50 consecutive patients undergoing surgical exploration for testicular trauma, tumors or benign atraumatic conditions. An inhomogeneous parenchymal echo pattern was the single most reliable predictor of a parenchymal abnormality. Large scrotal hematomas may preclude adequate visualization of the parenchyma and early testicular torsion may exhibit a normal parenchymal echo pattern. Except for early torsion, no false negative predictions of the state of the parenchyma were made. PMID- 3897578 TI - Late recurrence of Mycobacterium bovis genitourinary tuberculosis: case report and review of literature. AB - A patient is described in whom Mycobacterium bovis genitourinary tuberculosis occurred initially 25 years after childhood scrofula and then recurred 29 years later despite apparently successful therapy. A review of the literature indicated that this 29-year interval between successive bouts of clinical genitourinary tuberculosis is among the longest described. This case also is a reminder that, although rare, Mycobacterium bovis infection and genitourinary tuberculosis still occur. To avoid nonrecognition of this disease and its potentially serious consequences, clinicians should remain vigilant for tuberculosis even in unusual clinical circumstances. PMID- 3897577 TI - Prophylactic antibacterial therapy for preventing urinary tract infections in spinal cord injury patients. AB - We conducted 202 trials in 161 male hospital patients to determine if prophylactic administration of ascorbic acid or antibacterials (trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole, nalidixic acid, methenamine hippurate or nitrofurantoin macrocrystals) would prevent bacteriuria infections in spinal cord injury patients who had had at least 1 bout of bacteriuria. None of the drugs tested appeared to be statistically effective in the doses used in preventing bacteriuria in these patients. Moreover, sensitivities were lost to several drugs other than those used prophylactically. We conclude that use of prophylactic doses of ascorbic acid or antibacterials has not proved to be beneficial in spinal cord injury patients free of indwelling catheters. PMID- 3897579 TI - Incidental hydronephrosis on bone scintigraphy: sonographic verification. AB - We studied 98 kidneys in 55 patients with bone scintiscans and renal sonography. Among the 29 kidneys in which hydronephrosis was suspected on bone scintiscans only 12 were truly hydronephrotic by renal ultrasound. In the other 17 cases extrarenal pelves, postural stasis, early urinary tract obstruction or renal parenchymal disease may have contributed to the discrepant findings. By ultrasound criteria there were no false negative readings for hydronephrosis on scintiscan. While it is safe to interpret absence of hydronephrosis caution should be used in diagnosing hydronephrosis, since less than half of the cases actually will have the disease when suspected on a bone scintiscan. PMID- 3897580 TI - Pediatric cadaver kidney transplants into adults. AB - During a 5-year period 77 adults received single kidney cadaver transplants from donors 16 months to 16 years old. Cyclosporin immunosuppression was not used. Three recipients had ischemic ureteral complications, 1 of which resulted in allograft loss. Of the kidney grafts 34 were from donors 8 years old or younger, and comparison of renal function was made with the 43 adult recipients of cadaver kidneys from older children. The mean 1-month serum creatinine nadir was significantly higher in the recipients of kidneys from the younger children (2.6 plus or minus 1.6 versus 1.9 plus or minus 0.8 mg./per dl.). There were no statistically significant differences in 1-week dialysis requirement, 1-month kidney graft function or actuarial kidney graft survivals and serum creatinine levels at 3, 6, 12 and 24 months after grafting. Cadaver kidneys from young donors can be transplanted successfully into adults. PMID- 3897581 TI - Long-term clean intermittent self-catheterization in renal transplant recipients. AB - Eight renal transplant recipients with neurogenic bladders or lower urinary tract dysfunction were managed with clean intermittent self-catheterization after transplantation instead of urinary diversion. A total of 85 treatment months was reviewed. Of the patients 5 continue to do well after 10 to 17 months of intermittent catheterization and 3 suffered immunological graft failures. In selected renal transplant recipients with lower urinary tract dysfunction clean intermittent catheterization is a reasonable alternative to urinary diversion. PMID- 3897582 TI - Comparative efficacy of "specific" potassium citrate therapy versus conservative management in nephrolithiasis of mild to moderate severity. AB - It generally is believed that conservative measures of high fluid intake and dietary modification in the setting of a stone clinic could favorably influence the course of renal stone disease. To establish the effect of specific medical treatment from the stone clinic effect, we compared the results of potassium citrate therapy to those of 11 reported conservative or placebo trials. The 54 patients receiving potassium citrate chosen for this comparison had mild to moderately severe stone disease (less than 1 stone per patient per year), similar to that encountered in conservative placebo trials (mean 0.54 stones per patient per year). New stone formation was virtually eliminated by potassium citrate therapy (a decrease from 0.52 to 0.02 stones per patient per year, a remission rate of 96 per cent, p less than 0.001), whereas it continued in 39 per cent of the patients during conservative or placebo trials. However, in patients participating in conservative or placebo trials new stone formation decreased by only 54 per cent (from 0.54 to 0.25 stones per patient per year). The superior response to potassium citrate suggested that this specific medical treatment exerted an additional favorable effect on the course of stone disease above the stone clinic effect. PMID- 3897583 TI - Real-time scrotal ultrasound with a water bath: comparison of results using 5 and 8 MHz. transducers. AB - Ultrasound of the scrotum was performed in 32 patients with a water bath technique plus small parts (8 MHz.) real-time and 5 MHz. real-time sector scanners. The combination of the 2 modalities was evaluated for accuracy in differentiating intratesticular from extratesticular processes. Sensitivity and specificity were 100 and 95.4 per cent, respectively. In addition, evaluation of the gain in diagnostic confidence and/or accuracy afforded by the addition of small parts (8 MHz.) scans to 5 MHz. real-time imaging was performed. Small parts scanning added significantly to diagnostic confidence of examinations. Water bath scanning in conjunction with the use of both transducers provided excellent ease and diagnostic accuracy in the performance of scrotal ultrasound. PMID- 3897584 TI - Delayed diagnosis of voiding dysfunction: occult spinal dysraphism. AB - The recognition of spinal dysraphism as a potential cause of voiding dysfunction is of the utmost importance if appropriate treatment and followup are to be initiated. We present 2 women with prolonged voiding dysfunction who had spinal dysraphism, intradural lipoma and related urodynamic abnormalities. The importance of initial symptom recognition, physical examination, urodynamic evaluation, appropriate treatment and periodic re-examination to detect progressive neurological impairment is emphasized. PMID- 3897585 TI - Candida pyocalix: unusual complication of prolonged nephrostomy drainage. AB - Long-term nephrostomy drainage rarely is used except in extreme circumstances. We report an unusual complication, that is Candida pyocalix in a solitary kidney. The obstruction developed following removal of the nephrostomy tube at the infundibular outlet to the calix where the tube had resided. PMID- 3897586 TI - Bilateral granulomatous orchitis: manifestation of idiopathic systemic granulomatosis. AB - A case is reported of idiopathic systemic granulomatosis that was manifested by bilateral testicular enlargement and was misdiagnosed clinically as lymphoma. Despite high dose steroid and cyclophosphamide therapy, the patient died of disease within 9 months of diagnosis. PMID- 3897587 TI - Investigative grammar. PMID- 3897588 TI - Are strokes predictable with noninvasive methods: a five-year follow-up of 303 unoperated patients. AB - To determine the correlation between the degree of internal carotid arterial stenosis demonstrated by noninvasive tests and the risk of subsequent stroke, 303 consecutive patients who underwent cerebrovascular evaluation with the Hokanson ultrasonic arteriograph were reviewed retrospectively. Ninety percent of the patients were followed up for 5 years or until the time of death. Stroke occurred in 41 (13.5%) patients. There was a significant correlation (p = 0.04) between the incidence of stroke and severity of disease: greater than or equal to 50% stenosis (19%), 0% to 49% stenosis (11%), and no stenosis (10%). Stroke as a presenting complaint carried the highest risk of subsequent neurologic defect (24%), but the risk in patients without symptoms was appreciable (15%). Life table analysis indicated that the incidence of stroke was low (less than 3%) in the asymptomatic and nonhemispheric group during the first 2 years after evaluation when the degree of stenosis was less than 50%. Thereafter, the stroke rate increased. Half the deaths were due to myocardial infarction; the risk of death from cardiac causes was doubled in patients with greater than 50% stenosis. It is concluded that the demonstration of hemodynamically significant stenosis does select a group of patients at increased risk for subsequent stroke and myocardial infarction, but lesser degrees of stenosis do not exclude future neurologic events. PMID- 3897589 TI - Arteriovenous shunting in varicose veins. Its diagnosis by Doppler ultrasound flow detector. AB - The use of the Doppler ultrasound detector is described for the diagnosis of arteriovenous (AV) shunting in varicose veins. This investigation was carried out in 34 patients, 27 women and seven men. A total of 68 limbs with varicose veins and 48 control limbs with either no varicose veins or occlusive arterial disease are the basis for the clinical material. Twenty patients had had no prior surgery for their varicose veins and 14 had recurrent varicosities after bilateral ligation and stripping. Five patients had postphlebitic syndrome associated with varicose veins. All five had venous stasis ulcerations and edema. The Doppler flow detector uncovered AV shunting in areas outside the location of known arterial pulsations. The pulsatile venous flow was obtained at sites of "hot spots" and along markedly dilated veins. Maximum AV shunting was found in the lower third of the leg but much less often in the upper leg or thigh. The clinical implications of the role of AV shunting are discussed. The Doppler ultrasound findings appear to offer a simpler method to detect AV shunting than serial arteriography or thermography. PMID- 3897591 TI - Celiac artery aneurysms: historic (1745-1949) versus contemporary (1950-1984) differences in etiology and clinical importance. AB - Celiac artery aneurysms were encountered in nine patients, ranging in age from 39 to 76 years, at the University of Michigan Medical Center between 1961 and 1983. Developmental defects and atherosclerosis were etiologic factors in six cases. Four patients were without symptoms, whereas five experienced abdominal pain, including one with a ruptured aneurysm. Eight patients were subjected to surgical treatment; no deaths occurred and symptoms were resolved in all patients. A literature review of 108 celiac artery aneurysms revealed two distinct subgroups. Among 60 celiac artery aneurysms encountered before 1950, representing the historic era, 40% were infectious (usually luetic), 7% were traumatic, and 52% were of undetermined cause. Most were symptomatic, 87% ruptured, and 95% were diagnosed at postmortem examination. The contemporary era since 1950 consisted of 48 cases, including nine in the Michigan experience. Congenital or developmental medial defects of the arterial wall and atherosclerosis were the most common causes of aneurysms. Most aneurysms in the contemporary period were either asymptomatic or accompanied by vague abdominal discomfort. Rupture affected 13% of those aneurysms. Operative therapy was successfully undertaken in 91% of 43 patients during the contemporary era, including eight in the present series. PMID- 3897590 TI - Renal failure after embolization of a prosthetic mitral valve disc and review of systemic disc embolization. AB - Embolization of discs from various prosthetic mitral valves produces fulminant cardiac failure with possible survival after emergent mitral valve prosthetic replacement. The embolized discs lodge in the aorta at various levels parallel to the blood stream and have not occluded distal flow. Some embolized discs have been left in the aorta for as long as 12 years. An embolized disc left in the abdominal aorta produced renal artery occlusion 5 years after embolization in the reported case. A previous case produced mesenteric ischemia after 1 month. Localization of embolized discs has at times been difficult with success and failure by plain x-ray films, ultrasound, angiography, and CT scans in some cases. Since embolized discs have not produced acute problems with ischemia, delay of retrieval after emergent mitral valve replacement does not seen detrimental. Late complications may occur as with the present case and removal of asymptomatic embolized discs seems advisable and prudent. PMID- 3897592 TI - Who pays the bills after DNR orders? PMID- 3897593 TI - Triad of markers for identifying children at high risk of developing insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. AB - A longitudinal investigation was conducted from 1977 to 1984 on 178 families in which one or more of the children had insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Of 351 nondiabetic sibs followed up for an average of 54 months, ten have, thus far, become diabetic. Eight sibs were HLA identical to their diabetic proband and nine had HLA-DR3 and/or HLA-DR4. Islet cell surface antibody and islet cell cytoplasmic antibody were found from two to 74 months before the onset of clinical diabetes in 100% and 90%, respectively, of the children. A decrease in insulin secretion was observed in all of these children on entry into the study and was detected in the absence of elevated plasma glucose concentrations. The data suggest that the triad of HLA identity, pancreatic islet cell antibodies, and depressed insulin secretion identifies those sibs who are at high risk of developing insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. PMID- 3897594 TI - Medical education programs sponsored by government agencies. PMID- 3897595 TI - Using end-stage renal disease facility surveys to monitor end-stage renal disease program trends. The Data Committee of the National Forum of End-Stage Renal Disease Networks. AB - Since 1982, the Forum of End-Stage Renal Disease Networks has used data from the Medicare End-Stage Renal Disease Facility surveys to track regional and national end-stage renal disease (ESRD) program trends. This article reports trends for selected program parameters during the years 1980 through 1983. Trends include an average annual increase of 11.1% in the number of chronic dialysis patients; a 78% rise in the number of home dialysis patients; a relatively constant percentage (7.2% to 7.7%) of dialysis patients receiving a transplant annually; and relatively stable dialysis patient mortality (annual case fatality rate, 14.9% to 15.4%). The utility of such data for quality assurance as well as program evaluation and planning is noted. The article also indicates how improved tracking of transplant recipients and organ procurement activity would strengthen the End-Stage Renal Disease Facility Survey data base. PMID- 3897596 TI - Clinical measurement of body composition using in vivo neutron activation analysis. PMID- 3897597 TI - A new stable prostacyclin analogue OP41483 (15-cyclopentyl-omega-pentanor-5(E) carbacyclin). AB - Effects of a new stable prostacyclin analogue OP41483 (15-cyclopentyl-omega pentanor-5(E)-carbacyclin) on platelet aggregation, plasma thromboxane B2 levels, hemodynamic parameters, and clinical safety were studied. Normal volunteers received intravenous infusions of OP41483 at doses of 2.5 (n = 3), 5.0 (n = 3), 10 (n = 3), and 20 (n = 5) ng/kg/min for one hour. During infusion, ADP (adenosine diphosphate)-induced platelet aggregation decreased significantly, and blood pressure decreased slightly, but plasma thromboxane B2 levels did not change significantly. The intravenous infusion of OP41483 at the dose of 10 ng/kg/min for one hour over three successive days was performed. During the each infusion, platelet aggregation and mean blood pressure decreased significantly. PMID- 3897598 TI - [Rat liver lipoperoxide in endotoxemia]. PMID- 3897599 TI - [Clinical studies on TMS-19-Q.O tablet in respiratory tract infection]. AB - A new macrolide antibiotic preparation, TMS-19-Q.O tablet, was used to investigate the efficacy in the treatment of patients with respiratory tract infection, and the results obtained were as follows: Three hundred and seven cases were included in this report, and overall efficacy rate was 76.2%. Especially high clinical effect (86.0%) was observed in the treatment of patients with pneumonia including mycoplasmal pneumonia. Bacteriological effect was 87.5% in 51 cases identified as single infection of Gram-positive cocci and was 48.0% in 34 cases Gram-negative rods infection. Side effects were observed in 11 cases (3.50%): gastrointestinal disorder in 8, eruption in 2 and other in 1. Abnormality in laboratory tests was observed in 23 cases, hepatic disorder in 13, renal disorder in 3 and other laboratory tests in 7. It was considered from the results of clinical and bacteriological efficacy in different dose study that dose of TMS-19-Q should be 600 mg. PMID- 3897600 TI - [Clinical and bacteriological evaluation of TMS-19-Q in superficial suppurative skin and soft tissue infection]. AB - Clinical effectiveness of TMS-19-Q, a new macrolide antibiotic, was evaluated in superficial infectious diseases classified into 6 groups at 13 departments of dermatology. The results obtained were as follows: Final global improvement rating in 311 cases were excellent in 91, good in 158, fair in 45 and poor in 17 and the effective rate was 80.1%. Effective rates in each group were 71.1% in 1st group (folliculitis and acne pustulosa), 78.6% in 2nd group (furuncle, furunculosis and carbuncle), 100% in 3rd group (impetigo), 76.9% in 4th group (phlegmone, superficial lymphangitis, erysipelas and infectious paronychia), 88.7% in 5th group (inflammatory atheroma, subcutaneous abscess, hidradenitis suppurative and acne conglobata) and 77.3% in 6th group (secondary infection). Dominant strains isolated were S. aureus (40.7%), S. epidermidis (26.9%) and anaerobic bacteria (20.8%). S. aureus was frequently isolated from most of all disease. On the other hand, S. epidermidis and anaerobic bacteria were isolated mainly from 1st and 5th group. Optimum daily doses would be over 600 mg. Slight adverse reactions such as gastrointestinal disorders, eruption and malaise were observed in 12 cases. PMID- 3897601 TI - [Clinical evaluation of TMS-19-Q, a new macrolide antibiotic, in otorhinolaryngological infections]. AB - The clinical study for TMS-19-Q.O tablet was performed with multicenter trial. The results obtained were as follows; Final global improvement rating in 332 cases of otorhinolaryngological infections were excellent in 99, good in 142, fair in 40 and poor in 51 and the effective rate was 72.6%. Those of 266 cases with acute infection were excellent in 93 and good in 121 and the effective rate was 80.5%. Optimum daily doses would be 600 mg based on the analysis of 144 cases of the acute infection with sensitive bacteria (MIC: less than or equal to 3.13 micrograms/ml). In acute infection, major causative bacteria were Gram-positive cocci (GPC) indicating the frequency of 72.0% in total isolates and 87.5% in singly isolated cases. In chronic infection, although GPC were also dominant, Gram-negative bacilli were observed in 31.9%. Clinical and bacteriological effective rates of 160 cases of acute infection with single species were 80.6% and 90.3%, and those of 43 cases in chronic infection were 44.2% and 72.7%, respectively. The resistant rates of isolates in acute infection to TMS-19-Q were 13.3% in S. aureus, 7.7% in S. epidermidis, 6.0% in S. pyogenes and 0% in S. pneumoniae. Those in chronic infection were 20.0% in S. aureus and 25.0% in S. epidermidis. Slight adverse reactions, such as skin eruption or gastrointestinal disorders were observed in 14 cases and no severe one was observed. Slight elevation of GOT, GPT, Al-P, BUN, S-Cr. or eosinophil were observed in 12 cases. These results suggest that TMS-19-Q would be useful antibiotic for otorhinolaryngological infections. PMID- 3897602 TI - [Clinical studies on TMS-19-Q.O tablets, the preparation of a new macrolide antibiotic, in the field of oral surgery]. AB - Multicenter clinical trial or TMS-19-Q.O tablet was performed to evaluate the usefulness in oral surgery. The results obtained were as follows: Clinical efficacy was assessed by clinical points. The patients entered into the trial were 77 cases with periodontitis, 23 with pericoronitis, 92 with osteitis of jaw and 18 with other infections, and the each effective rates were 80.5, 60.9, 83.7 and 72.2%, respectively. Overall effective rate was 79.0%. Isolation frequency of organisms were 33.8% in periodontitis, 34.8% in osteitis of jaw and 17.4% in pericoronitis. Bacteria isolated were aerobic organisms (63.1%) and anaerobic organisms (36.9%). TMS-19-Q.O tablet was well tolerated, and no adverse reaction was observed. PMID- 3897603 TI - [Clinical evaluation of cefminox in pediatric field]. AB - Fundamental and clinical trials were carried out with cefminox (CMNX, MT-141) in pediatric infections. Results were as follows. The mean serum concentrations of CMNX following intravenous injection of 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg were 73.1, 112.5 and 181.4 micrograms/ml at 15 minutes after injection, respectively. The serum half life times were 1.37, 1.20 and 1.53 hours, respectively. Average recovery rates in the urine until 6 hours from the start of injection were 91.4, 59.4 and 85.8%, respectively. The antimicrobial activity of CMNX against clinically isolated organisms was measured; CMNX was more active than CMZ and CEZ against H. influenzae. CMNX was equal to or more active than CMZ and CEZ against E. coli. CMNX was administered clinically to 32 pediatric patients with various infections; 19-pneumonia, 5-bronchopneumonia, 3-bronchitis and 5-pyelonephritis. Overall efficacy rate was 93.8%. Slight elevation of S-GOT and S-GPT was observed in 2 patients. No other serious side effect was observed. PMID- 3897604 TI - [Fundamental and clinical studies on cefminox in the field of pediatrics]. AB - A new antibiotic of cephamycin group, cefminox (CMNX, MT-141) was studied both fundamentally and clinically in the field of pediatrics. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of CMNX for clinical isolates including 24 strains of S. aureus, 15 strains of S. pyogenes, 21 strains of H. influenzae, 24 strains of E. coli, 22 strains of K. pneumoniae and 22 strains of P. mirabilis were determined and compared to those of cefmetazole (CMZ), latamoxef (LMOX), cefotaxime (CTX), cefoperazone (CPZ) and cefazolin (CEZ). The MIC80 (80% MIC) values of CMNX for H. influenzae, E. coli, K. pneumoniae and P. mirabilis were 1.56, 1.56, 0.39 and 1.56 micrograms/ml, respectively. When compared to antibacterial activities of the control drugs, the activity of CMNX was inferior to those of CTX and LMOX but superior to those of CMZ and CEZ. On the other hand, MIC80 values of CMNX for S. pyogenes and S. aureus were 6.25 and 12.5 micrograms/ml, the activities being inferior to all of CMZ, CTX, LMOX, CPZ and CEZ used as the control drugs. In 3 pediatric patients of 9 to 12 years old, 20 mg/kg of CMNX was given intravenously as one shot and serum and urinary concentrations were determined. The mean serum concentrations in these 3 cases were 124 micrograms/ml, 102 micrograms/ml, 74.0 micrograms/ml, 47.9 micrograms/ml, 20.4 micrograms/ml, 9.2 micrograms/ml and 4.3 micrograms/ml at 1/4, 1/2, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 hours, respectively, with a half-life of 1.83 hours. The mean urinary concentrations were 1,968 micrograms/ml at 0 approximately 2 hours, 1,205 micrograms/ml at 2 approximately 4 hours, 761 micrograms/ml at 4 approximately 6 hours and 409 micrograms/ml at 6 approximately 8 hours, with 65.4% of the drug dosed recovered from the urine within the first 8 hours on an average. CMNX was used in the treatment of 22 clinical cases including 3 cases of acute purulent tonsillitis, 3 cases of acute bronchitis, 9 cases of acute pneumonia, 5 cases of acute pyelonephritis and 2 cases of acute enteritis. Clinical results in 20 cases excluded of 2 cases of Mycoplasma pneumonia were rated as excellent in 19 cases and as good in 1 case, with an efficacy rate being 100% taking excellent and good cases as effective cases. Bacteriological results for 5 strains of H. influenzae, 1 strain of H. parainfluenzae, 5 strains of E. coli, 2 strains of K. oxytoca and 1 strain of S. pneumoniae revealed that disappearance was obtained for all strains but 1 strain of P. aeruginosa which persisted.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3897605 TI - [Fundamental and clinical studies on cefminox in the field of pediatrics]. AB - Cefminox (CMNX, MT-141) is a new injectable cephamycin antibiotic, which was studied for its antibacterial activity, absorption and excretion after administration and clinical efficacy of patients with infections. The following results were obtained. Antibacterial activity The antibacterial activity of CMNX against 19 clinical isolates consisting of 11 species made the results that its activity against E. coli, P. vulgaris and C. jejuni was superior to CMZ and CEZ. Concentration in serum and urine CMNX was given intravenously to 3 groups at 20 mg/kg by one shot (2 cases), 40 mg/kg by one shot (2 cases) and 40 mg/kg by 1 hour drip infusion (1 case). The half-lives were between 1.15 to 1.80 hours. We obtained over 70% of its excretion to urine within 6 hours after injection. Clinical efficacy Clinical evaluation was made on a total of 18 patients with various infections, 11 of whom had underlying diseases. The result was excellent in 1 case, good in 11 cases, fair in 2 cases and poor in 4 cases, and the effective rate was 66.7%. Side effect Clinical and laboratory abnormal findings related to CMNX were not found. It is concluded that CMNX seems to be effective and safetive antibiotic in the field of pediatrics. PMID- 3897606 TI - [Clinical studies on cefminox in the field of pediatrics]. AB - A new antibiotic of cephamycin group, cefminox (CMNX, MT-141), was evaluated clinically in the treatment of bacterial infections in children. The following results were obtained. One case of lacunar tonsillitis (due to H. influenzae) and 5 cases of urinary tract infections (due to E. coli in 2 cases, mixed infection due to E. coli and E. faecalis in 1 case, due to K. pneumoniae in 1 case and causative organism was unknown in 1 case) were treated intravenously with CMNX at daily doses ranging from 58.1 to 122.7 mg/kg in 3 divided doses. One case in which the treatment was discontinued after 1 day because of rashes was excluded from assessment of efficacy. Among the remaining 5 cases, CMNX was found ineffective for 1 case of mixed infection due to E. coli and E. faecalis. However, in all of the other 4 cases excellent results were obtained. As side effects, rashes developed in 1 case and slight elevation in GOT in 1 case out of 6 cases. Blood levels following bolus intravenous injection of 20 mg/kg of CMNX were 68, 45, 27, 10.2 and 3.1 micrograms/ml at 1/2, 1, 2, 4 and 6 hours, respectively, with T 1/2 of 1.27 hours. The urinary recovery rate within the first 6 hours was 78.6%. PMID- 3897607 TI - [Laboratory and clinical studies on cefminox in the pediatric field]. AB - Laboratory and clinical studies were performed as follows on cefminox (CMNX, MT 141), a new cephamycin antibiotic. Pharmacokinetics Serum concentrations of CMNX were measured in 4 patients given CMNX for prophylactic purpose during cardiac catheterization. In 2 patients given 20 mg/kg of CMNX by intravenous bolus injection, the average of peak serum concentration was 178.9 micrograms/ml at 15 minutes. The mean urinary recoveries in these 2 cases was 66.9% within 6 hours after injection. In 2 patients given 20 mg/kg of this drug by 1 hour drip infusion, the peak serum concentration was obtained at the time drip was completed, and the average value was 68.3 micrograms/ml. Clinical efficacy CMNX was administrated intravenously to 13 patients in dose of 52.9 approximately 96.0 mg/kg t.i.d. or q.i.d. for 4 approximately 7 days; 3 with tonsillitis, 6 with bronchitis, 1 with bronchopneumonia, 1 with UTI, 1 with lymphadenitis and 1 with enterocolitis. The overall efficacy rate was 92.3%, i.e., efficacy was excellent in 12, and poor in 1. Bacteriological efficacy was excellent, i.e., 3 of 3 strains disappeared. Side effects were observed in 3 cases, i.e., 1 case of eruption, 1 case of diarrhea and 1 case of transient eosinophilia. The above results suggest that CMNX is a useful antibiotic for treating pediatric bacterial infections. PMID- 3897608 TI - [Therapeutic effects of cefminox in the treatment of various infections of infants and children]. AB - The therapeutic effects of cefminox (CMNX, MT-141), a new synthetic cephalosporin antibiotic, were examined in the treatment of various pediatric infections. Patients treated were infants and children ranging from 12 days after birth to 12 years old suffering from bronchopneumonia in 10 cases, urinary tract infection in 6 cases, pharyngitis in 2 cases, cervical lymphadenitis in 2 cases, suppurative meningitis, cervical abscess, mastoiditis, peritonitis, bronchitis in 1 case each, total of 25 cases. As regards method of administration, CMNX from a vial was dissolved in physiological saline or distilled water for injection, and the solution was administered by 3 to 5 minutes one shot intravenous injection (15 cases), or CMNX was diluted with large volume parenteral product and administered by 30 to 60 minutes drip infusion (10 cases). The dosage of the drug was 21.3 to 165.5 mg/kg/day. The administration was continued for 3 to 13 days except 1 case. As regards clinical efficacy, good or excellent results were obtained in all cases except 3 cases, 1 case was urinary tract infection with cerebral palsy and vesicoureteral reflux, and 1 case was bronchopneumonia with Down syndrome and endocardial cushion defect, the other was suppurative meningitis. Total effective rate was 88%. No clinical side effects nor abnormal laboratory findings obviously attributable to CMNX were observed. PMID- 3897610 TI - [Clinical evaluation of cefminox in children]. AB - In a total of 13 children with infections, ranging in age from 1 month to 6 years, cefminox (CMNX, MT-141), a new antibiotic of cephem group, was administered 14 times and its absorption, excretion, clinical results and safety were determined. Following intravenous drip infusion of CMNX, high blood level was achieved, with half-life of about 1 hour (0.77 to 1.13 hours). The urinary recovery rate was approximately 80% within the first 6 hours after completion of administration. Clinical results were rated as effective in 8 out of 12 assessable cases (66.7%). In any of the cases treated no side effects developed nor any abnormal changes in laboratory finding were observed. From these results, CMNX is considered to be a new antibiotic useful and safe for use in the field of pediatrics. PMID- 3897609 TI - [Clinical studies on cefminox in pediatric field]. AB - Clinical studies on cefminox (CMNX, MT-141) were conducted and the following results were obtained. Twelve cases of bacterial infections were treated with CMNX with a satisfactory result of "excellent" in 9 and "good" in 3. Antibacterial activity was examined in 7 cases. Pathogenic organisms which were S. aureus, beta-Streptococcus, H. influenzae, S. pneumoniae and P. morganii were eradicated in all the cases. Mean maximum serum concentrations of CMNX after intravenous injection of 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg were 54.5 mcg/ml, 102.3 mcg/ml and 202.4 mcg/ml, respectively which were obtained 15 minutes after each injection. Mean half-lives of each dose group were 1.60, 1.13 and 1.51 hours, respectively. Mean urinary excretion rates of CMNX at 6 hours after intravenous injection in 10, 20, 30 and 40 mg/kg groups were 73.5%, 80.9%, 92.6% and 66.5%, respectively. Side effects were not observed clinically, but anemia in 1 case and eosinophilia in 2 cases were noted in laboratory examination. PMID- 3897611 TI - [Prolonged action preparation of cefaclor]. AB - This study was conducted to develop a prolonged action preparation of cefaclor (CCL) which can offer, with the twice-a-day administration, as much effectiveness as its conventional preparation (Kefral capsule) with the 3 times-a-day administration. Absorption site of CCL in gastrointestinal tract, preparation form (enteric coated granules) which slowly release CCL, dissolution property of the form, and mixed ratio of the form and rapid release form (nonenteric coated granules) were studied and complex granules consisting of 40% of nonenteric coated granules and 60% of enteric coated granules which dissolve at pH 6 were chosen as a prolonged action preparation of CCL. Bactericidal activity of the prolonged action preparation (S6472) was confirmed to be the same as that of the conventional preparation by comparative viable cell count study in which concentrations of CCL simulated to plasma concentrations following the administration of S6472 at the dosage of 375 mg b.i.d. and the conventional preparation at the dosage of 250 mg t.i.d. were used. From the above, S6472 is considered to be a prolonged action preparation of CCL which serve our purpose. Since S6472 can be given with the twice-a-day administration, its daytime administration is not necessary. Therefore, S6472 is considered to be much useful preparation for the patients. PMID- 3897612 TI - [Pharmacological and clinical studies on the long acting cefaclor (S6472)]. AB - A study in which 375 mg of S6472 was orally given to 3 healthy adult volunteers before a meal, after a light meal, and after a usual meal in the cross-over method revealed the highest levels, both in serum and urine, in cases treated before a meal. In cases administered after a light or square meal, the serum level was less, but approximately 2 micrograms/ml over 6 hours after administration. No difference was seen in the AUC. The effective rate of S6472 when given at 750 approximately 1,500 mg/day was 74.6% in 62 patients with skin or soft tissue infectious diseases. Neither subjective or objective adverse reactions were seen in any case. Clinical laboratory testing revealed 1 case each of anemia and increased BUN, for which S6472 was not responsible. PMID- 3897613 TI - [Fundamental and clinical studies of a sustained release preparation of cefaclor in the surgical field]. AB - Fundamental and clinical studies of S6472 (sustained release preparation of cefaclor (CCL] were conducted in the surgical field and it was confirmed that the preparation is a useful drug. The following is the summary of the results from the fundamental and clinical studies: In vitro antibacterial activity. CCL showed MICs of 0.78 to 6.25 micrograms/ml against almost strains of S. aureus, E. coli and Klebsiella isolated from surgical wound regions, and the antibacterial activities were stronger than those of cephalexin (CEX). Clinical efficacy. S6472 was orally administered to 33 patients with skin and soft tissue infections in 2 divided doses. As a result, excellent clinical response was observed in 13 patients, good response observed in 14 patients, fair in 4 and poor in 1. The clinical efficacy in 1 of the 33 patients was unknown. Overall clinical effective rate was 84.4%. Adverse reaction. In 2 patients, mild gastrointestinal symptoms were observed. PMID- 3897614 TI - [Clinical evaluation of sustained release preparations of cefaclor in dental infections. Comparative double blind clinical studies of sustained release preparations with a regular preparation of cefaclor]. AB - In vitro viable cell count studies of sustained release preparations of cefaclor (CCL) conclude that the mixture of nonenteric and enteric coated granules of CCL in the ratio of 4 to 6 is the most appropriate form (4:6 form) for the sustained release preparation of CCL. In order to clinically confirm the above conclusion, comparative double blind clinical studies of 3 mixtures forms (2:8, 4:6 and 6:4 forms) with a regular preparation (CCL form) were conducted in dental infections regarding efficacy, safety, and usefulness of the 4 forms. Evaluable cases for efficacy and usefulness were 364 in total (96 cases for the 2:8 form group, 89 cases for the 4:6 form group, 89 cases for the 6:4 form group, and 90 cases for the CCL form group). Evaluable cases for safety were 404 cases in total (102 for the 2:8 form, 100 for the 4:6 form, 102 for the 6:4 form, and 100 for the CCL form). Daily dose of the 3 forms of sustained release preparations was 375 mg b.i.d. after breakfast and dinner and that of the CCL form 250 mg t.i.d. after breakfast, lunch and dinner. Following are the results of the clinical studies: There were no significant differences among the 4 patient-groups (2:8 form, 4:6 form, 6:4 form, and CCL form) regarding background factors of the patients and findings of their subjective and objective symptoms before the initiation of the administration, and it was therefore confirmed that there were no problems in conducting the comparative double blind clinical studies. Overall clinical effective rate determined by the efficacy evaluation criteria of the Japanese society of oral surgery (JSOS) were 89.5% at day 3 and 94.8% at day 5 in the 2:8 form group, 87.4% at day 3 and 95.5% at day 5 in the 4:6 form group, 86.4% at day 3 and 91.0% at day 5 in the 6:4 form group, and 93.3% at day 3 and 96.7% at day 5 in the CCL form group. The effective rate determined by the physicians who actually treated the patients were 84.4% in the 2:8 form group, 87.6% in the 4:6 form group, 84.1% in the 6:4 form group, and 87.8% in the CCL form group. In both judgments by the efficacy evaluation criteria of JSOS and the physicians, there were no significant differences among the 4 forms regarding overall clinical efficacy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3897615 TI - [Clinical studies on cefpimizole in the field of obstetrics and gynecology]. AB - Cefpimizole (AC-1370), a new cephem antibiotic, was studied clinically in the field of obstetrics and gynecology, and the following results were obtained. AC 1370 was administered to 7 patients with gyneco-obstetrical infections, and the therapeutic efficacy was 85.7% (6 cases of 7 cases). E. coli was isolated as causative pathogen in 4 cases out of 7 cases, and was eliminated in all cases after the AC-1370 treatment. S. faecalis was eliminated in 2 cases out of 3 cases, and B. fragilis was eliminated in all 3 cases. As abnormal laboratory findings, transient elevation of GOT, GPT and A1-P was observed in 1 case but became normal after cessation of AC-1370 administration. The therapeutic effect was poor for this case. PMID- 3897616 TI - [Virus-induced changes in host cell properties--from phage research to animal virus research]. PMID- 3897617 TI - [Biological and immunological properties of native streptococcal M protein isolated by use of endo-N-acetylmuramidase, especially the production of opsonic antibody]. PMID- 3897618 TI - [Clinical evaluation of CEA in colorectal carcinoma]. AB - Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) titer (Dinabot-Kit) were determined in proven 177 patients with colorectal carcinoma preoperatively, and at routine intervals following operation. The assay was positive in 39.1% with stage I, II, 65.9% with III, 65.9% with IV and 85.7% with V. Elevated CEA levels were noted in those who had infiltration of cancer cells extending through the proper muscle layer. In 79.2% of curative resections CEA levels returned to normal within one month, but the titers remained elevated in 73.3% of palliative resections. Among 26 patients with recurrent disease, 16 had a hepatic metastasis showing a previous or simultaneous CEA rise, whereas 10 had a local recurrence with a slow rise or normal. In addition, a quantitative study of CEA in extracts of 87 tumors was made in order to examine the factors affecting the level of circulating CEA. There was no significant difference between the CEA contents of the tumor and its level of circulating CEA. The level of circulating CEA might be influenced by the spread cancer cells, rather than the tumor contained CEA. PMID- 3897619 TI - [Transurethral laser surgery of the treatment of bladder tumor]. AB - One hundred and eighteen patients with 169 bladder tumors were treated transurethrally by Nd:YAG laser surgery. In relation to the tumor staging, 79 of 103 patients of T1 (77%) underwent laser operation only, but most of the T2 cases (87%) required laser therapy with electroresection. With regard to the tumor size, 93 of the 97 small tumors (96%) were treated with laser irradiation alone, and 25 of 44 middle-sized tumors (57%) were eradicated by laser therapy, During and after the operation we never experience severe complications such as perforation of either the bladder or the intestine. Uncontrollable bleeding did appear in four cases. Tumor recurrence occurred in 25% for one year and 50% for three years. Therefore, laser surgery was limited to T1 tumor. But the indication of laser surgery would be magnified with the progress of the instrument and the technique. PMID- 3897620 TI - ["Cryotherapy" (in general surgery and related areas)]. AB - Application of the extremely low temperature to medicine, essential of cryotherapy/cryosurgery is a "High Energy Treatment", excellent in cost benefit. Tissue temperature of -50 degrees C or tissue impedance of 500 k omega can destroy the tumor. Cryosurgery provides dual prominent features: in situ destruction of the tumor which otherwise are difficult to treat, and the potential tumor-specific immunotherapy. Thus cryotherapy/cryosurgery should be incorporated into the multi-disciplinary regimen against cancer. Future problems include: clinical application of cryoimmunotherapy or cryoimmunointensification therapy, endoscopic cryosurgery as a closed surgery, and cryochemotherapy, a new mode of treatment. PMID- 3897621 TI - [Cryoprostatectomy of prostatic tumors]. AB - Since 1968, we have carried out cryoprostatectomy on prostatic hypertrophy and prostatic cancer patients. As for the method of monitoring during cryoprostatectomy, digital examination only was carried out at the beginning in order to confirm the range of freezing and to determine the freezing time. In 1972, we developed a cryoprostatectomy method under direct intravesicular observation using the Trocar Cystoscope and furthermore in 1980, we developed echoguided cryoprostatectomy using the transrectal linear electronic scanner. These new developments ensure the safety of cryoprostatectomy and furthermore, cryoprostatectomy can now be easily carried out. The above-mentioned procedures are described. PMID- 3897623 TI - [A study of sputum beta 2-microglobulin and carcinoembryonic antigen in patients with primary lung cancer]. AB - Sputum beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2MG) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels were measured by enzyme immunoassay and radioimmunoassay, respectively. Sputum beta 2MG levels in patients with primary lung cancer are significantly higher than in those with benign lung disease or metastatic lung cancer. Sputum CEA levels in patients with primary lung cancer are significantly higher than those in patients with benign lung disease. These results suggest that sputum beta 2MG and CEA may be useful in the diagnosis of primary lung cancer. PMID- 3897622 TI - [The control of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting]. AB - A growing interest has been shown in antiemetics with important advances in understanding the physiology of vomiting and the development of new anticancer agents having high emetic potential such as cisplatin. At present, high-dose metoclopramide, dexamethasone and butyrophenones have shown effective antiemetic action. In addition, antiemetic drug combinations that affect more than one neurotransmitter receptor have achieved improved emesis control. While improvements have been made in acute chemotherapy-induced emesis, anticipatory and delayed emesis is still a difficult problem. Further studies under well designed trials are necessary to establish which of the available agents, doses, routes of administration, and schedules are best for reducing emesis depending on the chemotherapeutic drugs used. PMID- 3897624 TI - [Premalignant lesions of B cell malignancy--from polyclonal to monoclonal phases]. PMID- 3897625 TI - [Submucosal hemorrhages of the jejunum in a patient with hemophilia B]. PMID- 3897626 TI - [A case of acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated with syngeneic bone marrow transplantation and post-BMT maintenance chemotherapy]. PMID- 3897627 TI - [Fluid mosaic model of biomembrane]. PMID- 3897629 TI - [Glycolipids in cell membrane]. PMID- 3897628 TI - [Structure and biological activities of complex proteins of cell membrane]. PMID- 3897630 TI - [Study of cell membrane with x-ray diffraction analysis]. PMID- 3897631 TI - [Carrier transport function of cell membrane]. PMID- 3897632 TI - [Secretory mechanism and biomembrane function]. PMID- 3897633 TI - [Immunological phenomena and information transmission by membrane]. PMID- 3897634 TI - [Neoplastic cells and membrane biochemistry]. PMID- 3897635 TI - [Abnormal myocardial membranes in ischemia]. PMID- 3897636 TI - [Pulmonary surfactant DPPC and respiratory distress syndrome]. PMID- 3897637 TI - [Progress of biological sensors and their application to medicine]. PMID- 3897638 TI - [Relaxation therapy and biofeedback in hypertension]. PMID- 3897639 TI - [Heart replacement]. PMID- 3897640 TI - [Simple heart preservation and orthotopic transplantation. Experimental studies]. PMID- 3897641 TI - [Differentiation of muscle proteins and their significance]. PMID- 3897642 TI - [Platelet release reactions: progress of research and clinical implications]. PMID- 3897643 TI - [Molecular characteristics, biological activity and clinical use of interleukins]. PMID- 3897644 TI - [Abnormal sympathetic nervous system in hypertension]. PMID- 3897646 TI - [The renin-angiotensin system and the sympathetic nervous system]. PMID- 3897645 TI - [Sodium metabolism and the sympathetic nervous system]. PMID- 3897647 TI - [Relationship between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems]. PMID- 3897648 TI - [Recent findings on the central nervous system and blood pressure regulation]. PMID- 3897649 TI - [Blood pressure regulation and serotonin]. PMID- 3897650 TI - [Angiotensin antagonists]. PMID- 3897651 TI - [Renin inhibitors]. PMID- 3897652 TI - [Prostaglandins and their antihypertensive effects]. PMID- 3897653 TI - [Sodium and renin profiles based on race and age]. PMID- 3897654 TI - [Calcium-platelet endogenous protein phosphorylation, Quin 2 fluorescence, CTC fluorescence]. PMID- 3897655 TI - [Calmodulin]. PMID- 3897656 TI - [Actins]. PMID- 3897657 TI - [Membrane potential of blood platelets--its clinical and biological significance]. PMID- 3897658 TI - [Platelet morphology as an indicator of platelet activation--with special reference to methods of determining platelet shape and results]. PMID- 3897659 TI - [Substances released by platelets. 2. Thrombospondin]. PMID- 3897660 TI - [Adenine nucleotides]. PMID- 3897661 TI - [Yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection]. PMID- 3897662 TI - [Legionella pneumophila infection]. PMID- 3897663 TI - [Microscopical evaluation of sputum smears for the etiological diagnosis of patients with bacterial respiratory infections]. PMID- 3897664 TI - [New horizons for in vivo nuclear medicine in 1980s]. PMID- 3897665 TI - [Intra-arterial digital subtraction angiography in the diagnosis and treatment of renal tumors]. PMID- 3897667 TI - [Gallbladder stones]. PMID- 3897666 TI - [Evaluation of renal intra-arterial digital subtraction angiography (IA-DSA)]. PMID- 3897668 TI - [Total body irradiation and bone marrow transplantation (Part I)]. PMID- 3897669 TI - [Sitting intravenous digital subtraction angiography--application to thoracic outlet syndrome]. PMID- 3897671 TI - [Induction of pemphigoid lesions in neonatal mice]. PMID- 3897670 TI - [Experimental studies on the suppression of contact sensitivity. The distribution of 2, 4-dinitrophenyl groups in guinea pigs following feeding of 2,4 dinitrochlorobenzene]. PMID- 3897672 TI - [Postsecretory change in pancreatic juice trypsinogen in the duodenum. III. Enterokinase-modification of its assay method and its physiological significance]. PMID- 3897673 TI - [Ultrasonographic demonstration of appendicitis peritonitis with paralytic ileus]. PMID- 3897674 TI - [A case of suppurative pyelophlebitis with development of hepatoportal collaterals (cavernous transformation of the portal vein)]. PMID- 3897675 TI - [Histopathological studies on the glomerular basement membrane and mesangium- problem of the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method]. PMID- 3897677 TI - Cytohistochemical studies on estrogen receptors of breast cancer tissue using an immunoperoxidase technique. AB - The estrogen receptors (ER) in breast cancer tissues were investigated in 122 patients using an immunoperoxidase method. ER (+) were evident in 77 of 122 patients (63.1 per cent). If classified according to pre- and postmenopausal subjects. ER (+) was seen in 61.4 per cent and ER (-) in 32.9 per cent before menopause, and ER (+) in 65.4 per cent and ER (-) in 30.8 per cent after menopause with no marked difference between the two. If classified according to histological type, ER (+) was seen in 72.3 per cent of those with papillotubular carcinoma and in 62.0 per cent of those with scirrhous carcinoma, whereas ER (-) was seen in 44.9 per cent of those with medullary tubular carcinoma. ER (+) was seen in carcinoma with apocrine metaplasia, lobular carcinoma and Paget's carcinoma. Concerning the relationship between primary tumors and metastatic lymph nodes, ER (+) for both was seen in 20 of 41 patients (48.8 per cent) whereas ER (-) for both was found in 9 of 41 patients (22.0 per cent). Four patients with local recurrences had a positive ER (+) at the beginning of treatment, but the ER became negative after hormonal treatment and chemotherapy. PMID- 3897676 TI - [Responses of plasma bradykinin and the renin-angiotensin axis to furosemide in essential hypertension]. PMID- 3897678 TI - Orthotopic transplantation of the canine heart after prolonged preservation by simple immersion. AB - The viability of the heart was assessed following orthotopic transplantation. Following coronary vascular washout with cold potassium-verapamil cardioplegia, the heart was removed, immersed in the same solution, and stored at 4 degrees C for 24 hours in Group I (6 animals), 36 hours in Group II (5 animals), and 48 hours in Group III (3 animals). All six animals in Group I and four of five animals in Group II maintained a stable recipient circulation for the acute phase of 2 hours after transplantation, without cardiopulmonary bypass. For the dogs in Group III, cardiopulmonary bypass was vital. Contraction band injury after transplantation was more frequently observed in the Group II grafts than those of Group I. We conclude that the combination of coronary vascular washout with cold potassium-verapamil cardioplegia and storage at 4 degrees C in the same solution may preserve the canine heart for up to 24 to 36 hours, as demonstrated by post orthotopic transplantation function. PMID- 3897679 TI - [Direct implantation of the left coronary artery to the ascending aorta in Bland White-Garland syndrome--report of a case]. PMID- 3897680 TI - [4 cases of mullerian duct cyst: echographic characteristics and ultrasonically guided cyst puncture]. PMID- 3897681 TI - Plasma aldosterone levels and plasma renin activity during the neonatal period in calves. PMID- 3897682 TI - Use of echography in rats for pregnancy diagnosis. PMID- 3897684 TI - Human thymus retrovirus--is human thymus retrovirus a pathogenic virus for human autoimmune diseases? PMID- 3897683 TI - Cytotoxicity of cisplatin and cisdiammine-1,1-cyclobutane dicarboxylate in MGH-U1 cells grown as monolayers, spheroids, and xenografts. AB - The cytotoxicity of cisplatin and cisdiammine-1,1-cyclobutane dicarboxylate (CBDCA) was examined using the MGH-U1 human bladder carcinoma cell line, grown as monolayer cultures, multicellular tumor spheroid(s) (MTS), and xenografts in immune-deprived CBA/CaJ mice. The cell survival of exponentially growing monolayers and MTS treated with cisplatin declined in a monoexponential fashion with a concentration of drug resulting in 10% colony survival (D10) of 7.75 micrograms/ml and 9.5 micrograms/ml, respectively. MTS growth delay determination demonstrated a drug concentration-dependent increase in growth delay and a correlation between decreasing surviving fraction and increasing growth delay. In vivo treatment of MGH-U1 xenografts with cisplatin caused a modest decrease in surviving fraction although the xenografted cells treated in vitro demonstrated the same sensitivity to cisplatin as those cells maintained continuously in vitro. The D10 for CBDCA treatment was 246 micrograms/ml for exponentially growing monolayer cells and 196 micrograms/ml for MTS. Growth delay studies with CBDCA showed a concentration-dependent increase in spheroid growth delay and a correlation between decreasing surviving fraction and growth delay similar to cisplatin. The conclusions were that: 1) cisplatin and CBDCA did not have any difficulty penetrating into spheroids, 2) both agents appeared to be active against the noncycling poorly nourished cells found near the necrotic center of spheroids, 3) both cisplatin and CBDCA were cytotoxic toward MGH-U1 cells but cisplatin was 20-30 times more effective, and 4) the limited cytotoxic effect of cisplatin in vivo may be due to the low area under the concentration times the time curve achieved in vivo and not due to intrinsic cell resistance. PMID- 3897685 TI - Intracellular concentration and structural states of actin in human bladder carcinomas: new indices for malignancy. PMID- 3897688 TI - [40 years of surgical advance in the People's Republic of Bulgaria]. PMID- 3897687 TI - [Chemotherapy research on tuberculosis in various countries]. PMID- 3897686 TI - [Actual condition and chemotherapy of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in national sanatoria. An observation in tuberculous lymphadenitis. Report of the B series of 26th controlled trials of chemotherapy]. PMID- 3897689 TI - [Intraoperative macroscopic characteristics of dysplasias of the bronchopulmonary system]. PMID- 3897690 TI - [Pathological obesity and the possibilities for its surgical treatment]. PMID- 3897691 TI - [Experimental cerclage of the rabbit eye during its growth period]. PMID- 3897692 TI - [Factors causing intolerance to silicone implants]. PMID- 3897693 TI - Characterization of insulin resistance in type I diabetes. AB - Insulin sensitivity was assessed using the euglycaemic clamp technique in eight type I diabetic patients (after overnight blood glucose normalization with an artificial pancreas) and in six healthy subjects. Basal insulin concentrations were higher in diabetic patients (25 +/- 4 microU/ml) than in control subjects (17 +/- 1 microU/ml; P less than 0.05). Insulin infusion of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 5.0 mU/kg per min during subsequent 2-h periods resulted in similar mean steady-state insulin concentrations in both groups. The mean dextrose requirements during the last 40 min of each period were nevertheless decreased in diabetic patients (1.6 +/- 0.5, 3.5 +/- 0.8, 6.5 +/- 0.7, 10.2 +/- 0.7 mg/kg per min) as compared with control subjects (4.7 +/- 0.3, 8.2 +/- 0.9, 10.2 +/- 0.9, 12.4 +/- 0.9 mg/kg per min). At low insulin concentrations dextrose requirements were diminished in all diabetic subjects. At the highest insulin levels, individual dose-response curves from only four patients were within the normal range. Under basal conditions, the monocyte receptor number was significantly reduced in diabetic patients (17,500 +/- 2,800 sites/cell) as compared with control subjects (26,700 +/- 2,500 sites/cell; P less than 0.05), whereas there were no differences regarding empty site affinities. Receptor data did not differ in patients with normal and decreased maximal dextrose requirements. Insulin resistance is apparently a common feature of type I diabetes at serum insulin concentrations of approximately 100 microU/ml. Normalization of the insulin effect by higher insulin concentrations is not possible in all patients. Insulin antibodies at concentrations observed in this study (less than 0.16 mU/ml) do not contribute significantly to insulin resistance; receptor and postreceptor defects are possibly more important. PMID- 3897694 TI - Bone marrow transplantation for chronic granulocytic leukaemia. AB - Twenty-one patients with chronic granulocytic leukaemia underwent marrow transplantation. The donors were human-lymphocyte antigen-identical siblings in 19 cases. In the remaining 2 cases the donor was a parent in one and an identical twin in the other. The preparatory regimen included cyclophosphamide and 8.6 Gy total body irradiation given at either a dose of 0.1 Gy/min or 0.04 Gy/min. Five patients were in the accelerated phase of the disease, one was in remission following blast crisis, and the rest were all in the chronic phase. After chemotherapy and irradiation, all patients received bone marrow transplants. To date, nine patients are still alive, with a median survival of 64 days (range 28 683 days). One patient continued to have leukaemic cells and in another, the leukaemia recurred 18 months following transplantation. Interstitial pneumonitis was the cause of death of eight patients (38%). Graft-versus-host disease occurred in ten patients (47%). PMID- 3897695 TI - [Ergometry--recommendations for the execution and evaluation of ergometric studies]. PMID- 3897696 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of hemorrhages in peptic ulcer]. PMID- 3897697 TI - [Acute kidney failure and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system]. PMID- 3897698 TI - [Significance of the creativity of Abu Ali Ibn Sina for modern dermatology]. PMID- 3897699 TI - [N. G. Smirnov--an outstanding physician of the beginning of the 19th century]. PMID- 3897700 TI - [Hypertensive syndrome in kidney diseases]. PMID- 3897701 TI - [Clinico-functional manifestations of the rejection of a kidney allograft]. PMID- 3897702 TI - [Withering and digitalis]. PMID- 3897703 TI - [Treatment of nephrogenic hypertension]. PMID- 3897704 TI - [40th anniversary of the victory of the Soviet nation in World War II and aviation medicine]. PMID- 3897705 TI - [Electromagnetic radiofrequency radiation (microwaves): principles and criteria of standardization, threshold dose levels]. AB - This paper discusses the principles and criteria of standardization of electromagnetic radiation in the radiofrequency range. The concept of risk as a standardization criterion normally used in the radiobiology of ionizing radiation can also be employed in the standardization of electromagnetic radiation. It is recommended to use as major parameters of "harmfulness" longevity, cataract formation and genetic effects in vivo as well as mortality rate in the laboratory experiment. The value of 0.1% is taken for the primary risk level. The paper describes approaches to the extrapolation of experimental data concerning threshold effects. As follows from pertinent calculations, the specific absorption of the electromagnetic dose rate for the personnel is 0.4 W/kg during one hour exposure. PMID- 3897706 TI - Aortic endothelial cell during regeneration. Remodeling of cell junctions, stress fibers, and stress fiber-membrane attachment domains. AB - We have studied in regenerating endothelium of rat thoracic aortas (a) organization of tight and gap junctions by means of morphometry using freeze fracture electron microscopy, (b) development of cytoplasmic actin microfilament bundles (stress fibers) by means of morphometry using thin section electron microscopy, and (c) distribution of filipin-sterol complexes in the endothelial plasma membrane using thin section and freeze-fracture electron microscopy. The index of complexity for tight junctions and the index expressing the average width of gap junctions were significantly higher in regenerating endothelium than in normal aortic endothelium. In regenerating endothelium, there was a significant increase of the stress fiber to endothelial volume density ratio as compared to normal. Stress fibers were connected to cytoplasmic microfilament condensations located at the abluminal plasma membrane; the surface density of these condensations was significantly increased in regenerating endothelium as compared to normal. Filipin-cholesterol complexes were few or absent at stress fiber-membrane attachment sites but numerous in the remaining endothelial plasma membrane. This morphologic remodeling of the aortic endothelial cell layer may help to explain changes of endothelial cell function occurring in situations associated with increased cell turnover and motion. PMID- 3897708 TI - On the cover: an historical sketch of proctology from ancient Egypt to modern South Carolina. PMID- 3897707 TI - Cultivated human arterial smooth muscle displays heterogeneous pattern of growth and phenotypic variation. AB - Human arterial smooth muscle grows in primary, as well as passaged, cultures with a heterogeneous pattern of monolayered regions alternating with multilayered with formation of tissue-like mounds or nodules. Cells in the monolayered region are large and well spread, whereas the multilayers are composed of smaller cells with poor spreading on tissue culture plastic. The two cell types were separated from passaged cultures of human arterial media. They were investigated with regard to capacity for attachment to tissue culture plastic, native collagen, and substrata coated with plasma fibronectin, the presence and distribution of cellular fibronectin and actin, as evaluated with specific staining, and the presence of cell-substratum contacts with interference reflection microscopy. The cells from monolayered regions were high adhesive and had abundant filamentous actin, often organized like stress fibers, numerous punctate and streak-like focal contacts with the substratum, and abundant fibronectin of which some was organized as streaks. In contrast, cells from multilayered regions were low adhesive, had very little filamentous actin, and had few or no stress fibers, fibronectin content was low and variable, and focal contacts with the substratum were poorly developed. The results demonstrate phenotypic heterogeneity in arterial smooth muscle cultures with expression toward a cell type with monolayered growth pattern or toward cells with a tendency for multilayered growth. PMID- 3897709 TI - Dr. Porcher in Paris: a South Carolinian's impressions of two major French surgeons of the mid-nineteenth century. PMID- 3897710 TI - Mechanistic studies of ion-selective electrodes. AB - A knowledge of the chemical composition of blood, urine and other body fluids is a daily requirement for departments of biochemistry. Electronic circuitry and computers to process the data are readily available, but satisfactory transducers to convert chemical composition into electrical signals are frequently the weakest link in the chain of measurement. This review is concerned with one group of transducers: ion-selective electrodes. Since the commercial success of the calcium and fluoride ions-selective electrodes in the mid-sixties, a range of other electrodes has become available. Their use has already conferred considerable benefits upon medicine, e.g. rapid, low-cost, multiple assay of major blood components; diagnostic surveys of chloride sweat levels relating to cystic fibrosis; and monitoring blood fluorides during and after halothane administration. Their adoption for indirectly sensing enzymes and associated substrates is particularly noteworthy. Recent advances in electronics, coupled with flow injection schemes based on ion-selective electrodes, have facilitated the management of hundreds of samples daily. However, developments in the mechanistic knowledge of these sensors have not matched the increase in their application, although definite progress can be reported; for example with regard to the origin of the potential signals induced by ion activities in solution. Numerous techniques have been devised to unravel mechanistic problems, among which radioisotope tracer and impedance measurements may be cited as especially valuable. Selectivity performance, particularly in complex biological media, and undesirable features such as protein poisoning, need further research. Organic chemists are now better placed to synthesize new designs of acyclic and cyclic molecules as mobile site, ion-selective, sensor materials which, with appropriate mediator solvents, provide improved sensor cocktails. This design feature is well illustrated by the continuing guest for a lithium ion-selective electrode compatible with the high levels of sodium interference in blood. PMID- 3897711 TI - Ultrasonic energy-based technique for characterizing atherosclerosis. AB - For the characterization of atherosclerotic disease in human aortic specimens two indices of ultrasonic signal loss have been developed. They are based on an energy evaluation of broadband pulsed ultrasound and have been introduced in order to minimize phase cancellation artifacts caused by phase sensitive transducers. Both indices are derived from the transfer function H(f) of the specimen, they are: the slope of ln H(f) for the evaluation of signal loss due to absorption and scattering inside the specimen thickness, and s ln H(f) df, which reflects changes in both the internal and the intimal surface properties of the aorta. The results indicate that methods based on the evaluation of signal loss inside the aortic thickness are insensitive to surface irregularities and to the angle of the incident ultrasound. The complete progression of atherosclerosis may be followed by indices reflecting changes in both the thickness and the surface acoustic properties of the specimen. PMID- 3897712 TI - Funding of surgical research: the roles of government and industry. Report of the Committee on Issues of the Association for Academic Surgery. PMID- 3897713 TI - Drug effects on platelet deposition after endothelial injury of the rabbit aorta. AB - Factors released from platelets deposited on injured endothelium have lately been increasingly implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and neointimal hyperplasia. Inhibition of platelet activity has therefore been postulated to protect injured vessels from progressive degenerative disease. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of platelet inhibiting drugs in decreasing the deposition of platelets after a standardized endothelial injury of the rabbit aorta. The aortic endothelium of 53 rabbits was denuded with a balloon catheter. Morphological changes were studied with light and electron microscopy in five rabbits. The influence of ibuprofen, acetylsalicylic acid, dipyridamole, verapamil, and prostacyclin upon the deposition of indium-111-labeled autogenous platelets 1 hr after injury was evaluated in 48 animals. The morphological studies demonstrated that platelets were deposited on the denuded aorta but no major platelet aggregation or thrombus formation occurred. The radionuclide studies showed that none of the drugs tested had any significant influence on the deposition of platelets. It is concluded that platelets immediately adhere to injured vessels but that the secondary platelet aggregation is minimal if the injury is limited to the endothelium. Conventional drugs mainly affecting platelet aggregation are ineffective in these circumstances. PMID- 3897714 TI - Durable medical equipment reimbursement changes. PMID- 3897715 TI - Rat corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) biosynthesis by fetal hepatocytes in culture. AB - The ability of fetal liver to synthesize and secrete corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) was investigated using primary cultures of hepatocytes transplanted from 15- and 18-day-old rat fetuses. Analysis of culture medium, after labelling with [14C]leucine, by crossed immunoelectrophoresis, clearly demonstrated CBG, albumin and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) secretion. The relative rate of CBG secretion was more important at the younger stage. Indirect immunofluorescence permitted localization of CBG in fetal hepatocytes. The results suggest that the high level of CBG found in fetal serum is mainly produced by the liver of the fetus itself. PMID- 3897716 TI - Factors affecting the trypsin induced release of aldosterone in rat adrenal zona glomerulosa tissue. AB - The yields of aldosterone obtained during incubation of whole adrenal capsule tissue from the rat (consisting of the connective tissue capsule itself, all of the glomerulosa tissue, and some fasciculata) cannot apparently be accounted for by the gland's capacity for de novo synthesis of this steroid. Recent studies with proteolytic enzymes and inhibitors suggest that in part aldosterone output may result from the activation of proteolytic events which release aldosterone from a sequestered intraglandular pool. These proteolytic events are mimicked by the addition of trypsin to whole tissue incubations in vitro. Experiments were carried out to determine what factors may govern the size of such intraglandular steroid pools. The most remarkable effect was that prior sodium depletion greatly enhanced the yield (2-3-fold) of aldosterone on subsequent incubation of adrenal capsules with trypsin, to an extent far greater than the increase in basal (non trypsin induced) aldosterone output in this tissue. Although betamethasone (20 micrograms/ml in drinking water) and the converting enzyme inhibitor captopril (7.2 mg/day) eliminated trypsin releasable steroid in control animals, they had no effect on the enhanced levels of trypsin releasable steroid seen with sodium depletion. The data suggest that trypsin releasable steroid pools are variable in accordance with the physiological requirements of the animal, particularly in sodium depletion. PMID- 3897717 TI - Prostacyclin, from discovery to clinical application. PMID- 3897719 TI - Mutations affecting the 12th and 61st amino acids of p21 protein result in decreased probability of beta-turn occurrence around the mutation positions: a prediction. PMID- 3897718 TI - In vitro assessment of myocardial function using a working rabbit heart. AB - The current use of the rat working heart for in vitro assessment of myocardial functions prompted us to modify the rabbit Langendorff heart preparation, which is frequently used in the research field of pharmacology, to the working-heart preparation. The left atrium of the rabbit Langendorff heart was cannulated; oxygenated Krebs--Henseleit solution was perfused into the atrium at an arbitrary hydrostatic pressure. At a pressure of 20 cm H2O the rabbit heart pumped the solution against a hydrostatic pressure of 100 cm H2O and gave the following values: aortic flow (66.4 +/- 2.9 ml/min), systolic aortic pressure (78.4 +/- 3.1 mm Hg), coronary flow (39.0 +/- 2.7 ml/min), and heart rate (151 +/- 9.5 beats/min). Recovery of these functions was observed after an ischemic heart arrest was induced by an infusion of cold Young's solution. The protective effect of GIK, a well-known cardioplegic solution, was assessed using this working heart system. PMID- 3897720 TI - Patterns of LPS synthesis in gram negative bacteria. AB - Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a lipid based carbohydrate polymer, is found in the outer membrane of Gram negative bacteria where it plays a vital role in its structure and function. It is chiefly responsible for the toxic effects of the bacterial diseases caused by these organisms and plays a role in the organisms defense against host immune attack. In recent experiments using high resolution gel techniques Goldman & Leive (1980) have revealed an unexpected heterogeneity in the distribution of polymer lengths found in the membrane with lengths ranging from 0 (lipid-A-core) to nearly 40 sugar units. Monomer units are an essential element of the synthesis process. Working with mutant strains of E. coli and Salmonella typhimurium, they have also shown that these bacteria will continue to synthesize LPS molecules with very long chains even though monomer unit production is severely reduced. The steps involved in the synthesis of LPS are known and in this paper it is shown that the results of Goldman & Leive cannot be obtained assuming the synthesis process is length independent as has been suggested. Moreover, the paradoxical persistence of long chains in spite of monomer suppression has a simple explanation once length dependence is assumed. These conclusions result from the analysis of a Markov chain model of synthesis. PMID- 3897721 TI - Observations on the coronary circulation. With tributes to my teachers. PMID- 3897722 TI - Acetylsalicylic acid and dipyridamole improve the early patency of aorta-coronary bypass grafts. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial. AB - A total of 125 patients undergoing aorta-coronary bypass grafting for disabling angina were randomized to receive either 330 mg of acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) plus 75 mg of dipyridamole three times daily or a placebo for 6 months postoperatively. In addition, all patients were given warfarin for 3 months. Repeat angiography was performed at 6 months in 103 patients. In the treatment group 95 grafts were implanted in 48 patients, of which 87 were patent (91.6% patency rate). This figure compares with 88 grafts patent out of 118 implanted in 55 patients in the placebo group (74.6% patency rate) (p less than 0.01). We conclude that antiplatelet therapy improves the early patency of saphenous vein aorta-coronary bypass grafts. PMID- 3897724 TI - Frank Gerbode (1907-1984). PMID- 3897723 TI - Arterial wall regeneration in small-caliber vascular grafts in rats. Neoendothelial healing and prostacyclin production. AB - Clinically available synthetic graft materials frequently fail when used as a small-caliber arterial substitute. Therefore, we developed a new type of graft material, prepared from a mixture of polyurethane and poly-L-lactic acid, to be used as a scaffold for the regeneration of the arterial wall. In this study microporous, compliant, biodegradable polyurethane/poly-L-lactic acid grafts (n = 16) and polytetrafluoroethylene grafts (n = 16) were implanted in the rat abdominal aorta and evaluated 3, 6, and 12 weeks after implantation. First, we evaluated the extent of neoendothelial healing (n = 8) by means of light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Next, we studied the ability of the neoendothelial cells to produce prostacyclin (n = 8) by means of bioassay for prostacyclin and radioimmunoassay for its stable hydrolysis product, 6-oxo prostaglandin F1 alpha. There were no significant differences between the two graft types in the amount of prostacyclin production per unit graft area covered with neoendothelium, and this amount was the same as for normal endothelium. However, the polytetrafluoroethylene grafts showed incomplete neoendothelial healing, even after 12 weeks of implantation, in contrast to the polyurethane/poly-L-lactic acid grafts. The better healing characteristics of the polyurethane/poly-L-lactic acid grafts ensured the fast development of a complete neoarterial wall, possessing strength, compliance, and thromboresistance equivalent to normal arterial wall tissue. These results demonstrate that arterial wall tissue regeneration in polyurethane/poly-L-lactic acid grafts may open new perspectives in the field of arterial reconstructive surgery. PMID- 3897725 TI - An introduction to the study of acupuncture and moxibustion in China. Part III. Review of clinical studies on acupuncture and moxibustion. PMID- 3897726 TI - A stereotaxic headholder for Psittacidae. AB - A stereotaxic headholder suitable for lovebirds is described. In addition to modified ear bars, the head is fixed by means of a clamp gripping the depressions of the lacrimal bones. PMID- 3897727 TI - The application of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) to neuropeptides. AB - Procedures are presented for routine evaluation of antibody specificity, titre, and quantitation of antigen levels in tissue extracts without the use of radiolabeled probes. A colorimetric, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is described for general use with neuropeptides, using neurotensin as a primary example. These assays use rabbit anti-neurotensin immune serum which is colorimetrically identified after combination with an alkaline phosphatase conjugated, affinity purified, goat anti-rabbit IgG and reaction with the chromogenic substrate, p-nitrophenyl phosphate. Because the principle of these methods can be adapted for use with various proteins and neuropeptides, they should find widespread applicability in neurobiology. PMID- 3897728 TI - Cell and explant culture of olfactory chemoreceptor cells. AB - An in vitro system for the study of maturation of rat and chick embryonic olfactory receptor cells is presented. A variety of dissociating agents, culture media and substrata were tried in attempts to obtain a preparation of mature living olfactory receptor cells readily visible in the microscope. Maturation was judged by the development of axons greater than 1 mm long, by the presence of cilia at the end of the dendrites and, in the rat, by the presence of immunohistochemically demonstrable olfactory marker protein, a protein present only in olfactory receptor cells. By these criteria, dissociated cells did not mature in vitro, though occasional bipolar cells with relatively short axons were seen. In explant culture, small fragments of rat tissue were positive for all 3 criteria after 6 days. In 9-day cultures, the axons had grown up to 3 mm long in both rat and chick cultures. Olfactory bulb fragments co-cultured close to the olfactory epithelium had no influence on the direction of outgrowth of axons from the olfactory receptor cells. Preliminary experiments with intracellular electrodes on the fragment cultures suggest that there are two cell types in the epithelium; one with a potential of -25 to -30 mV and, the other, -12 to -15 mV. PMID- 3897729 TI - Light microscopic depth measurements of thick sections. AB - Measurements of the thickness of a thick histological section or the depth of an object within the section, can be made most easily by reading differences in the setting of the fine focus knob of a compound light microscope. Two corrections must be made to such measurements: (1) when using a dry objective, a factor of 1.5 for the index of refraction of the specimen, and (2) a correction for the calibration of the fine focus itself. In addition, several precautions should be taken to minimize errors in the readings. PMID- 3897730 TI - Lymphokine-activated killer cells: in vitro and in vivo studies. AB - The unavailability in humans of the specifically sensitized syngeneic cells that have proven efficacy in mouse tumor models has led us to adopt alternative approaches for the generation of cells reactive with fresh human tumor. We have demonstrated that incubation in lectins, alloantigens, or interleukin 2 for only 3 days can generate cells highly lytic for fresh NK-resistant primary and metastatic tumor but not normal cells. The effector cells are OKT3+, OKT8+, and the precursors appear to be distinct from NK and T cells. In murine models, the adoptive transfer of these activated cells leads to a marked reduction in established lung metastases and prolongation of the survival time, especially when combined with infusions of interleukin 2. We have performed a phase I clinical trial using infusion of large numbers of lectin-activated cells. No major toxicity was found, and circulating activated cells with evidence of migration to tumor were achieved. No major clinical responses occurred in these patients with very large tumor burdens. Clinical trials using the combined administration of interleukin 2-activated cells and recombinant interleukin 2 are in progress. PMID- 3897731 TI - Preliminary assessment of the immunological status of children with ulcerative colitis. PMID- 3897732 TI - Early German physician first to synthesize urea. PMID- 3897733 TI - Chromosome abnormalities in malignant hematologic disorders. AB - Certain chromosome abnormalities have been detected in routine cytogenetic studies of patients with hematologic disorders. This article is a cytogenetic and clinical review of 28 structural and 15 numeric chromosome abnormalities. As a group, the structural abnormalities involved 40 different chromosome breakpoints and included 13 types of translocations, 8 deletions, 3 isochromosomes, 3 inversions, and 1 duplication. The numeric abnormalities included 4 types of monosomy, 10 trisomies, and a near-haploid category. We determined the relative frequency for each of these anomalies in our practice by reviewing the results of 1,228 consecutive specimens studied between 1979 and 1984 in which a chromosomally abnormal clone was found; 61% of these specimens had one or more of the selected anomalies. The three most common translocations were 9;22 translocations (378 specimens), 8;21 translocations (15 specimens), and unbalanced abnormalities derived from 1;7 translocations (13 specimens). The two most common deletions were those involving the long arm of chromosomes 5 (101 specimens) and 20 (65 specimens). The most common isochromosome was i(17q) (33 specimens). The two most common types of monosomy were loss of a Y chromosome (118 specimens) and monosomy 7 (97 specimens). The three most common trisomies were + 8 (161 specimens), +21 (53 specimens), and +19 (31 specimens). Each of the 43 anomalies was observed in patients with different types of hematologic disorders, but in most cases one kind of neoplasm usually predominated. PMID- 3897734 TI - Fragile sites on human chromosomes: description and clinical significance. AB - The fragile sites of human chromosomes are specific sites that are characterized by a tendency to show gaps, multiradial figures, acentric fragments, and deleted chromosomes on microscopy. These characteristics seem to reflect an inherent fragility at the site, although the underlying biochemical cause of fragile sites is unknown. Investigators have proposed several categories of fragile sites: "rare" or "heritable," "common," and "constitutive." Although the clinical significance of most fragile sites is unknown, fragile site Xq27.3 is associated with one form of X-linked mental retardation. In this article, the three types of chromosome fragile sites are described, and their possible relevance to chromosomal breakage that results in birth defects or cancer is discussed. PMID- 3897735 TI - Renal cell carcinoma: new developments. PMID- 3897736 TI - Age changes in bovine lens endopeptidase activity. AB - Lens endopeptidase activity and thermal stability have been determined as a function of cell development, cell age, and animal age. Lenses from animals aged 3 months to 15 years (lens weights 1.15-2.80 g) were divided into epithelial (outermost), cortical (peripheral), and nuclear (central) regions. Changes accompanying cell development were determined by measuring specific activity in epithelial (undifferentiated), outer cortical (differentiating), inner cortical (mature) and nuclear (aged) regions of individual lenses. Thermal stability of the enzyme activity obtained from the outer cortical and nuclear regions of the same lenses was also determined. Specific activity and thermal stability were found to decrease as a function of lens cell development. Changes with cell development represent the effects of both differentiation and increasing cell age. To determine the effects of cell age alone, activity was determined in the same population of aged, fully differentiated cells in lenses of different ages. Specific activity decreased as a function of cell age alone. Changes with animal age were determined by comparing cells of the same developmental stage from animals of different ages (e.g., differentiating cells of the cortex in animals 3 months to 15 years old). Specific activity for the cortical region increased with animal age while specific activity in the nuclear region appeared to remain constant or decrease slightly with increasing animal age. Thermal stability of the enzyme activity from the cortex was different in young and adult lenses. The change in stability occurred early in the lifespan and was therefore more closely related to animal development than to aging. PMID- 3897737 TI - How to be a denture specialist. PMID- 3897738 TI - Measuring need for mental health services in a general population. AB - This article presents measures of need for mental health services estimated from the 1981 Eastern Baltimore Mental Health Survey, one of five sites participating in the NIMH Epidemiologic Catchment Area Program. Data were collected on the prevalence of specific psychiatric disorders, as determined by the standardized Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS), functional status, personal characteristics, patterns of medical and mental health care, and sources of care used. Need is based on mental health services use in the prior 6 months or the presence of two or more manifestations of emotional problems: a) one or more DIS disorders present in the past 6 months, b) a General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) score of four or more current symptoms, or c) the respondent's report of having been unable to carry out usual activities in the past 3 months for at least 1 entire day because of an emotional problem. Approximately 14% of adults met the criteria for need, half of whom had made no mental health visits in the prior 6 months and were considered to have unmet need. Need for care was influenced by a variety of sociodemographic and economic characteristics: it was low among the aged and high among persons living alone and the poor on Medicaid. The proportion of need that was unmet varied less but was relatively large for two groups, the aged and nonwhites. Those on Medicaid through public assistance were more likely to have their need met than the near poor. PMID- 3897739 TI - [Acute alithiasic cholecystitis]. PMID- 3897740 TI - [Acute alithiasic cholecystitis caused by infectious gastroenteritis]. PMID- 3897741 TI - [IgA nephropathy]. PMID- 3897742 TI - [Bidimensional ultrasonography in primary hyperparathyroidism]. PMID- 3897743 TI - [Complications of liver transplantation]. PMID- 3897744 TI - [Orthotopic liver transplantation in a patient with primary biliary cirrhosis]. PMID- 3897745 TI - [Multilobular cell lymphoma (Pinkus lymphoma)]. PMID- 3897746 TI - [Alcohol and arterial hypertension]. PMID- 3897747 TI - [In vitro adherence of Candida albicans to oral mucosa cells of patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 3897748 TI - The pharmacokinetics of some psychoactive drugs and relationships to clinical response. AB - Over the past decade a variety of studies have been carried out in the Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior at the University of California, Irvine, investigating the pharmacokinetics of some psychoactive pharmacological agents and the relationships of these pharmacokinetics to certain clinical responses. This report summarizes and provides an overview of these studies. PMID- 3897749 TI - Speech and psychopathology. PMID- 3897750 TI - [A rapid decalcification method for the production of serial sections of the larynx]. AB - The technique of large serial sections of larynx has proved useful for the examination of growth tendencies of laryngeal carcinoma. A new method using RDO solution (rapid decalcification agent) is presented. The embedding is done in paraffin. The thickness of the individual histological sections is 5 micron. The overall time for completing the procedure is 9-10 days. Rapidity and good preservation of histological structures are the main advantages of this method. PMID- 3897751 TI - The role of fine needle aspiration in the management of the thyroid nodule. AB - The role of fine needle aspiration (FNA) in the management of the patient with a thyroid nodule continues to be controversial. We present a retrospective study of 69 patients who underwent FNA for thyroid nodules over a two-year period. No false positive or false negative fine needle aspirations are reported in 22 patients who underwent surgery. From the results of this study and other studies in the literature, we feel that ultrasonography and thyroid scans are of minimal additional benefit in determining whether a nodule is benign or malignant. It is our opinion that FNA, along with clinical assessment, should be the diagnostic test to determine the management of the thyroid nodule in centers with personnel experienced in FNA. PMID- 3897752 TI - Role of female gonadal hormones in the CNS: clinical and experimental aspects. AB - The large body of evidence presented indicates that in the brain the action of sex hormones cannot be thought as restricted to the regulation of endocrine functions and mating behavior. Estrogens and progesterone seem to act in numerous regions of the CNS to regulate motor as well as limbic functions. Furthermore, the data reviewed indicate that these hormones may modulate neuronal activity through a wide variety of mechanisms. More studies should focus on such mechanisms in order to better understand the role of sex hormones in the CNS and to devise ways of limiting their effects on depression, epilepsy etc. It is known that in peripheral target organs these hormones modulate cell activities by binding to specific receptors which can recognize the DNA sequence and activate the transcription of selected genes (135, 136). There is evidence supporting the hypothesis that this mechanism of action has been conserved also in the brain. First, the brain receptors for progesterone and estrogens are functionally and biochemically indistinguishable from those in the periphery (4, 5): they may be concentrated in neuronal nuclei and bind chromatin "in vitro" (7). Second, a temporal relationship has been observed between administration of steroids and the increase of polymerase II activity (137) and protein synthesis (4, 5). Third, various hormone-induced behaviors may be blocked by inhibitors of the protein synthesis (138, 139, 140, 141). However, sex hormones must be capable to regulate neuronal functions by mechanisms other then genomic. In fact, the topical application of estrogen or progesterone on nervous tissue results in a rapid change of membrane potential (60, 71). Such a rapid effect is not likely to be the consequence of nuclear action, but rather must be related to events occurring on the cell surface. It has been hypothesized that sex steroids affect the fluidity of the cell membrane, therefore modifying the ion transport or neurotransmitter receptor activity (142). If this were the case we would expect to observe a similar effect after application of any steroid. Experimental evidence demonstrates that not all the steroids affect the nervous membrane potential. Moreover, two steroids, estradiol and progesterone, have been described to modulate membrane potential in an opposite way (66, 67, 69, 75). At the moment, there is no evidence for the presence of steroid receptors on neuronal membranes which could mediate the described phenomena.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3897753 TI - The occurrence of cross-tolerance between morphine and ethyl-ketocyclazocine using the tail-flick test: lack of effect of diazepam, phenobarbital, or amphetamine. AB - Experiments were designed to test for short-term tolerance to morphine and ethyl ketocyclazocine (EKC), mu and kappa agonists, respectively, and cross-tolerance between the two drugs. Mice were primed with one of the drugs, using doses that did not affect the tail-flick response when tested at a time 1 or 3 hours later, when the same or alternate test drug was administered. All animals were injected with the priming drug IP. In one series of experiments, the test drugs were given SC, and in the other, the test drugs were injected ICV under brief halothane anesthesia. Priming with morphine (30 or 100 mg/kg) significantly raised the ED50 for ICV morphine. Priming with EKC (2 or 6 mg/kg) similarly elevated the ED50's for SC and ICV EKC. Symmetrical cross--tolerance was produced in experiments where the test drugs were administered SC when tested at 3 hrs. The effects of priming with EKC on morphine analgesia was evident when the interval between priming and test drugs was 1 hour. When the test drugs were given ICV, cross tolerance was also symmetrical: priming with EKC significantly raised the ED50 for morphine and priming with morphine raised the ED50 for EKC when tested at 3 hrs. These data suggest that both agonists act on a common site to produce analgesia as similar pA2 values for naloxone antagonism were determined. The occurrence of short-term tolerance and cross-tolerance to the opiates was unaltered by chronic pretreatment with diazepam, phenobarbital, or amphetamine. PMID- 3897754 TI - Activation of urinary inactive kallikrein by an extract from the rat kidney cortex. AB - Activation of purified urinary inactive kallikrein by an extract from the rat kidney cortex was investigated. The extract produced a dose-dependent activation of the inactive kallikrein and the optimum pH for this activation was 5.0. Marked depression of the activation was observed when the extract was pre-incubated with E-64, p-CMB and iodoacetate, but not with DFP, PMSF or pepstatin A. The molecular weight of the inactive kallikrein (Mr 44,000) was reduced to 38,000 by treatment with the extract, this molecular weight value being identical with that of urinary active kallikrein. These results indicate that the rat kidney cortex contains a protease catalyzing conversion of urinary inactive kallikrein into its active form, and that the protease has properties compatible with those of a thiol protease, but not of trypsin which has been used as a tool for the activation of urinary inactive kallikrein. The thiol protease is probably one of regulators of the kallikrein-kinin system in the kidney. PMID- 3897755 TI - Pancreatic islets of variable size--insulin secretion and glucose utilization. AB - Glucose metabolism and insulin secretion were studied in isolated rat pancreatic islets of different sizes and the amount of tissue was quantitated by the measurement of DNA. It was found that larger islets (140-210 ng DNA/islet) utilized more glucose (based on the conversion of 3H-5-glucose to [3H]20) per ng of DNA than islets containing less DNA (60-120 ng/islet). However, the insulin secreted per ng of DNA in response to a given glucose concentration was the same in islets of all sizes. Also, the islet insulin and glucagon content when expressed in terms of DNA did not depend upon islet size. Thus, although glucose utilization rates expressed as a function of islet DNA content were greater in larger islets, no such relationship was found for glucose-induced insulin release or insulin and glucagon content. PMID- 3897756 TI - Peptidases that terminate the action of enkephalins. Consideration of physiological importance for amino-, carboxy-, endo-, and pseudoenkephalinase. AB - The term "enkephalinase" has been frequently applied to enzyme activity in a variety of tissue preparations. In some cases there has been the implication that cleavage of a specific peptide bond in the enkephalin molecule results from the action of a single enzyme with the major responsibility of inactivating synaptic enkephalin. It is not known to what extent diverse enkephalin-degrading enzymes, with differing peptide bond specificities, may act in concert at any given synapse. There do exist, however, enzymes having known characteristic specificities with respect both to peptide substrates, including enkephalins, and to identifiable peptide bonds. Thus, at any given site of enkephalin release there probably resides a characteristic assembly of peptidases concerned with inactivation of this neuromediator. We propose that the term "enkephalinase" be used to encompass the entire family of enkephalin-degrading enzymes, and that "aminoenkephalinase", "carboxyenkephalinase", "endoenkephalinase" and "pseudoenkephalinase" should designate enzymes of known specificities with respect to both peptide substrates and particular peptide bonds. PMID- 3897757 TI - Enzymatic tracer damage during the gonadotropin releasing hormone radioimmunoassay: analytical and immunological assessment. AB - Hypothalamic supernatants from 60 day female rats were fractionated from Sephadex G-200 columns. The radioimmunoassay (RIA) for gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) detected an apparently cross-reacting high molecular weight substance. The substance caused apparent displacement of iodinated GnRH binding in dose response fashion; however, no biological activity was observed in pituitary cell cultures. In order to determine whether the depressed binding might be caused by enzymatic degradation of iodinated GnRH during the RIA incubation, iodinated GnRH was preincubated under RIA conditions with either buffer or increasing concentrations of the GnRH cross-reacting material. Aliquots were subjected to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and the gels slices counted. Identical aliquots were subsequently used as iodinated hormone in the RIA of known quantities of synthetic GnRH. Tracer damage during the RIA-like preincubation period was reflected in the subsequent PAGE studies as decreased counts per minute in the intact GnRH peak and in the RIA studies as over-estimated quantification of the GnRH standards. This report describes such damage during the GnRH RIA and the data misinterpretations which result. PMID- 3897758 TI - Hydrolysis of the C-terminal octapeptide of cholecystokinin by rat kidney membranes: characterization of the cleavage by solubilized endopeptidase-24.11. AB - Rat kidney membranes were solubilized by Triton X-100 and the CCK-8 degrading peptidases were resolved by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. Four proteases were detected: two phosphoramidon-sensitive endopeptidases (EC 3.4.24.11), a bestatin sensitive aminopeptidase and an unidentified enzyme. The pattern of cleavage of CCK-8 and shorter C-terminal fragments by endopeptidase 24.11 was investigated and indicated that the Gly29-Trp30, Trp30-Met31 and Asp32-Phe33 were scissile bonds. However, the cleavage pattern differed markedly from one CCK peptide to another: in the penta- and hexapeptide of CCK the bonds hydrolyzed were either Asp-Phe and Trp-Met or, Asp-Phe and Gly-Trp, respectively. The presence of the sulfate group on the tyrosine residue of CCK-8 influence markedly the nature of the major cleavage fragments produced by the endopeptidase. The major bonds cleaved were Asp-Phe, Trp-Met and Gly-Trp for unsulfated CCK-8, whilst for the sulfated octapeptide, the Trp-Met bond became a minor cleavage site. PMID- 3897759 TI - Stimulation and inhibition of Leydig cell steroidogenesis by the phorbol ester 12 O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate: similarity to the effects of gonadotropin releasing hormone. AB - To explore the mechanism of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) action on Leydig cell steroidogenesis the effects of a GnRH analog (GnRHa) were compared to those of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA). Both compounds acutely stimulated androgen production 2-4 fold with EC50's of 9 nM (TPA) and 0.2 nM (GnRHa). The effects of TPA and GnRHa were not additive and neither compound acutely altered the luteinizing hormone (LH) concentration-response relationship. After 24 h of exposure to TPA or GnRHa the ability of LH to stimulate androgen production was impaired. The parallel effects of TPA and GnRHa on Leydig cell steroidogenesis suggest that they are acting via similar mechanisms; presumably the activation protein kinase C. PMID- 3897760 TI - Historical notes: early measurement of blood pressure. PMID- 3897761 TI - "Toast Them, Burn Them, Roast Them". Ultraviolet ray therapy: the panacea of the 1920s and 1930s. PMID- 3897762 TI - Inside Med-Chi. Building for 100 years--75 years ago. PMID- 3897763 TI - [Combined radiation examination of patients with cold nodules in the thyroid]. PMID- 3897764 TI - [Use and developmental prospects of digital subtraction angiography]. PMID- 3897765 TI - [Radiopneumography in the diagnosis and treatment of chronic nonspecific lung diseases]. PMID- 3897767 TI - Dynamics of insulin hypersecretion by obese Zucker rats. AB - The relationship between obesity and hypersecretion of insulin by the pancreas was studied. We found that pancreata from obese Zucker rats secrete significantly more insulin than do pancreata from lean Zucker rats. At a glucose stimulation of 300 mg/dL, the overall dynamic biphasic insulin secretory profiles from obese and lean rats were similar. Further studies to investigate the glucose-insulin dose response relationship in obese and lean rat pancreata demonstrated insulin hypersecretion by pancreata from obese rats which was particularly pronounced at normoglycemic and hypoglycemic levels (by factors as much as 14-fold). This hypersecretion is so striking as to suggest that in the intact state the obese animal may lack the ability to readily "shut off" its insulin secretion under normoglycemic conditions, whereas lean animals possess such an ability. Under hypoglycemic conditions (75 mg/dL), the hypersecretion is transient and insulin secretion returns to normal basal levels after 30 minutes of perfusion. Thus the degree to which this hypersecretory phenomenon may occur in vivo remains to be established. PMID- 3897766 TI - Insulin overdose in eight patients: insulin pharmacokinetics and review of the literature. AB - Eight patients are reported who attempted suicide by self-administering insulin. Review of the literature reveals that most patients who attempt suicide in this manner are insulin-requiring diabetics, and depression or another psychiatric illness is recognized in the majority. The amount of insulin used varied from 20 units to 3200 units. The duration of the hypoglycemic effect that may be as long as several days, seems to correlate with the dose and type of insulin administered, and may be determined predominantly by the slow release of insulin from the injection site. Recurrence of insulin overdose has been frequently documented. The adult respiratory distress syndrome, not previously described in patients with insulin overdose, occurred in two of our cases, and various mechanisms for this complication are considered. Serious neurologic sequelae and death may be related to delay in therapy, and glucose requirements appear to be higher during the first 24 hours of therapy. Insulin overdose with suicidal intent may be more common than generally thought and should be considered in diabetic patients with severe unexplained hypoglycemia. PMID- 3897768 TI - Hepatic and peripheral insulin resistance following streptozotocin-induced insulin deficiency in the dog. AB - Insulin resistance and insulin deficiency are both present in many patients with diabetes mellitus. We tested the hypothesis that insulin resistance can evolve from a primary lesion of the beta-cell secretory function. Insulin-mediated glucose uptake (insulin clamp), endogenous glucose production, and glucose stimulated insulin secretion (hyperglycemic clamp) were measured in awake dogs before and four to six weeks after streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus. Streptozotocin (30 mg/kg) resulted in a significant rise in the mean fasting plasma glucose concentration from 104 +/- 2 mg/100 mL to 200 +/- 34 mg/100 mL, (P less than 0.05), and a slight decrease in the mean fasting plasma insulin concentration (from 21 +/- 2 microU/mL to 15 +/- 2 microU/mL). Under conditions of steady-state hyperglycemia (+75 mg/100 mL hyperglycemic clamp, insulin secretion was reduced by 75% in the streptozotocin-treated dogs (P less than 0.025), and the total amount of glucose metabolized decreased from 13.56 +/- 1.04 to 4.74 +/- 0.70 mg/min X kg (P less than 0.001). In the postabsorptive state, endogenous glucose production was slightly, although not significantly, higher in the diabetic dogs (3.05 +/- 0.46 v 2.51 +/- 0.22 mg/min . kg), while the glucose clearance rate was 35% lower (P less than 0.001). When the plasma insulin concentration was increased to approximately 45 microU/mL (insulin clamp) while holding plasma glucose constant at the respective fasting levels (99 +/- 1 and 186 +/- 30 mg/100 mL), endogenous glucose production was completely suppressed in control dogs but suppressed by only 51% (1.46 +/- 0.37 mg/min . kg, P less than 0.025) in diabetic animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3897769 TI - Effect of insulin and glucose on feeding behavior. AB - Four experimental groups of human subjects, in whom plasma glucose and insulin were independently raised or lowered, were tested for perceptions of hunger, taste, bodily state, and food intake. The data showed that hyperinsulinemia, unrelated to change in plasma glucose concentration, resulted in increased hunger, heightened palatability of sucrose or sweetness, and greater food intake. PMID- 3897770 TI - Relationship of carbohydrate intolerance to serum lipoprotein profiles in childhood. The Bogalusa Heart Study. AB - Three hundred-eighty-eight children were selected from a total community and biracial (black-white) population for a special in-depth study related to serum lipoproteins and carbohydrate metabolism. Based on two previous serum lipoprotein determinations of high and/or low beta and pre-beta-lipoprotein cholesterol, they were stratified into four groups. A glucose tolerance test was performed for fasting, 30-minute, and one-hour glucose, insulin, free fatty acids, calcium, and magnesium. Observations of height, weight, and triceps skinfold were also obtained on the children. Children in the high beta-lipoprotein cholesterol groups tended to have higher glucose levels and were more obese than the other groups, while children in the high pre-beta-lipoprotein cholesterol group tended to have high insulin levels following the glucose load. Fasting blood levels were not appreciably different in the various groups, but after the glucose load an unusually high insulin secretory response occurred in black children, especially black girls. Black girls also demonstrated somewhat lower blood sugars than the other race-sex groups. The insulin/glucose ratios were dramatically different in the black children, especially black girls. These differences were particularly noted in the groups with the high pre-beta-lipoprotein. Black children also tended to have higher insulin/free fatty acid ratios during the glucose tolerance test. These differences persisted even after adjusting for obesity. Although not significant, calcium levels consistently decreased in all groups following a glucose load. The observation of racial contrasts in glucose and insulin responses are interesting. While black girls appear to show low glucose and high insulin responses to a glucose load, low and delayed insulin response along with high glucose response occur in whites, especially white girls. Since white children have greater body fat content, these observations suggest more insulin resistance in white children. Even at low levels of obesity, subtle carbohydrate lipid metabolic aberrations are found in children having high levels of serum lipoproteins. A persistence of these conditions could contribute to accelerated atherosclerosis and subsequent coronary artery disease. PMID- 3897771 TI - Isolation and assay of dolichol and dolichyl phosphate. PMID- 3897772 TI - Assay of cholesteryl ester transfer activity and purification of a cholesteryl ester transfer protein. PMID- 3897773 TI - Cholesterol acyltransferase. PMID- 3897774 TI - Epoxide hydrolases in the catabolism of sterols and isoprenoids. PMID- 3897775 TI - Biosynthesis and interconversion of sterols in plants and marine invertebrates. PMID- 3897776 TI - Yeast sterols: yeast mutants as tools for the study of sterol metabolism. AB - Yeast mutants defective in ergosterol synthesis are valuable tools for investigating sterol metabolism. Both sterol mutants and sterol auxotrophs have been utilized in determining what sterol structural features are required for yeast cell viability. Both types of mutants can also be studied to ascertain how changes in sterol structure affect membrane properties. Other aspects of sterol metabolism, such as the specificity of sterol esterification, have been elucidated by the sterol auxotrophs. In broader applications, interrelationships between sterol metabolism and other cellular functions (e.g., heme metabolism) may also be examined with these mutants. By analyzing the lipid composition of the sterol mutants, on the other hand, much of the ergosterol biosynthetic pathway has been delineated. The unusual sterols of the mutants can also be obtained to develop assays for the enzymes involved in ergosterol synthesis. Thus, by utilizing mutants, the simple eukaryotic system of yeast may be extended to explore the entire field of sterol metabolism and its relationship to cellular physiology. PMID- 3897777 TI - Enzymatic dealkylation of phytosterols in insects. PMID- 3897778 TI - High-performance liquid chromatography of sterols: yeast sterols. AB - It is evident that the high-pressure liquid chromatograph is an excellent tool for studying sterol metabolism. As noted in the text, the individual effects of unsaturations and alkyl groups on reverse phase elution volumes cannot be extrapolated to predict quantitative effects of multiple functional groups. The mechanism(s) of retention seems more complex than can be explained simply by polarity or hydrophobicity. Since the molecular location of these functional moieties seems critical, retention and separation of sterols may involve specific structural configurations and hence specific interactions with the stationary phase material. The association we have drawn between polarity and HPLC elution may indeed be a secondary effect of another phenomenon. Future studies may unveil the true mechanism(s) of HPLC retention and separation, and allow for the construction of HPLC systems which will separate all isomeric combinations of sterols at the analytical level. The simplicity, rapidity, and reproducibility of these methods make the coupled technique very useful for investigating sterol metabolism. Application of this technique to analyzing putative sterol mutants, purifying sterols for auxotrophic feeding, and analyzing the metabolism of supplemented sterols in auxotrophs provides for significant advances in membrane physiology. PMID- 3897779 TI - Biosynthesis and metabolism of ecdysteroids and methods of isolation and identification of the free and conjugated compounds. PMID- 3897780 TI - Purification and properties of the juvenile hormone carrier protein from the hemolymph of Manduca sexta. PMID- 3897781 TI - Analysis of juvenile hormone esterase activity. PMID- 3897782 TI - Implementation of an international information system on kidney transplantation. PMID- 3897783 TI - Medical literature searches--how many bibliographic databases are needed for sufficient retrieval in medical topics? PMID- 3897784 TI - Isolation of transfer-negative nif-plasmids (pCE1) and their integration into the chromosome of Escherichia coli with the help of phage Mu. AB - Strain JC5466 of Escherichia coli K12 harbouring the nitrogen fixation plasmid pCE1 was lysogenized with bacteriophage Mu cts, followed by partial induction and infection with bacteriophage PRD1. This made it possible to obtain transfer defective derivatives of pCE1, carrying Mu prophage. These derivatives could be mobilized by using the helper plasmid pME400 and it was possible to segregate the helper plasmid from the donor plasmid in the transconjugants. By incubating the strains 302 and 328 at 42 degrees C, for induction of Mu prophage, derivatives with different plasmid contents could be obtained such as strains without plasmids, some with smaller or larger plasmids and others possessing plasmids without any visible alteration in size. Integration of the nitrogen-fixation (nif) genes into the chromosomes of the strains without plasmids and those containing a smaller plasmid, was confirmed by Southern hybridization using radioactive nifKDH DNA. Conjugation assays have shown that the plasmid is integrated into the chromosome as a unit but that it can also be excised. PMID- 3897785 TI - Identification of a cis-acting regulatory region in the pncB locus of Salmonella typhimurium. AB - The pncB locus of the pyridine nucleotide cycle of NAD biosynthesis in Salmonella typhimurium was examined in terms of genetic structure and regulation. The gene appears to be regulated at the level of transcription in response to the end product of the pathway, NAD. Insertions into promotor proximal regions of the gene relinquish it from regulation, while insertions into more distal regions allow retention of regulation. Regulation cannot be restored in trans to strains containing promotor proximal insertions implicating the existence of a cis acting regulatory region. PMID- 3897786 TI - Mating-type switching in yeast is induced by thymine nucleotide depletion. AB - Thymidylate biosynthesis was inhibited in a haploid heterothallic strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. When the treated cells were mixed with a haploid strain of the same mating-type, there was an increase in the recovery of diploid colonies. Genetic and biochemical analyses demonstrated that the diploid clones arose as a consequence of induced mating-type interconversion. PMID- 3897787 TI - Stability of ribosomal protein mRNA and translational feedback regulation in Escherichia coli. AB - It was previously observed that the stability of ribosomal protein (r-protein) mRNA in Escherichia coli decreases under the conditions where its translation is feedback inhibited by repressor r-protein. We have now demonstrated that the stability of mRNA for r-proteins S13, S11 and S4 increases in a strain carrying a mutation in the gene for S4, a translational repressor regulating these r proteins. The results confirm the previous observations that translational repression increases the decay rate of r-protein mRNA, and in addition, show that the half-life of S13-S4 r-protein mRNA in cells growing under ordinary conditions is significantly shorter than its inherent stability would predict, due to the operation of translational feedback regulation. PMID- 3897788 TI - Mutant of Escherichia coli with unusual patterns of rpoB,C expression in response to rifampicin and acridine orange. AB - A mutation located near rpoB (89') in E. coli is responsible for unusual patterns of beta and beta ' (but not L7/L12) synthesis in response to the drugs rifampicin and acridine orange. PMID- 3897789 TI - The effect of the locus pstB on phosphate binding in the phosphate specific transport (PST) system of Escherichia coli. AB - The periplasmic phosphate binding protein is a product of the phoS gene and is an essential component of the phosphate specific transport (PST) system, which mediates Pi uptake in Escherichia coli. The binding of Pi to periplasmic protein(s) and the kinetic parameters of Pi uptake were studied in phoT and pstB mutants of E. coli. These mutants are impaired in Pi uptake but have a periplasmic Pi-binding protein whose Pi-binding capacity was estimated by the retention kinetics. The Pi-binding activity in two pstB mutants was found to be weaker as compared to phoT9 and the wild type. The KD values for Pi binding to periplasmic protein were determined by equilibrium dialysis. In the pstB mutants the KD value was found to be 9-31 times higher than the values obtained for the wild type and the phoT mutant. The apparent Km values for Pi uptake in one pstB mutant is 14.3 times higher than in the wild type. Vmax of the mutant is 8.3 times lower that of the wild type. The data indicate that pstB, an essential gene of the PST transport system, is promoting the binding capacity of the Pi-binding protein. PMID- 3897790 TI - Characterization of a mutation conferring radiation sensitivity, ior, located close to the gene coding for deoxycytidine deaminase in Escherichia coli. AB - The isolation and characterization of a new mutation conferring radiation sensitivity in Escherichia coli is described. This mutation is located close to the gene coding for deoxycytidine deaminase, in the chromosomal region of the gat operon. It is very sensitive to gamma rays and exhibits a decrease in recombination ability. The expression of radiation sensitivity seems to result from the additive effect of the dcd mutation and another mutation of unknown function. PMID- 3897792 TI - Heat shock induces chromosome loss in the yeast Candida albicans. AB - The heat shock protocol described in this paper causes mitotic instability in log phase Candida albicans cells. Such instability is induced in diploid, aneuploid and tetraploid strains. The strains analysed are multiple heterozygotes which facilitates the detection of mitotic instability as manifested by the formation of homozygotes. Strains previously shown to be carrying cis linked mutant alleles show coincident segregation of the linked alleles. Conversely, strains which carry unlinked mutant alleles display no such coincident segregation. This segregation of complete linkage groups suggests that heat shock is inducing chromosome loss in C. albicans. The application of this protocol to the genetics of the imperfect fungus C. albicans has produced evidence of at least three chromosomes. PMID- 3897791 TI - Transcription analysis of the sucAB, aceEF and lpd genes of Escherichia coli. AB - Transcript mapping of the Escherichia coli sucAB, aceEF and lpd genes, encoding the five components of the pyruvate and 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complexes, was carried out using single-stranded M13 probes. The sucA and aceE genes encode the specific dehydrogenase components (E1o, E1p), and the sucB and aceF genes encode the specific dihydrolipoamide acyltransferases (E2o, E2p). The common lipoamide dehydrogenase (E3) component is encoded by a single lpd gene adjacent to the aceEF genes. The sucAB, aceEF and lpd genes were all expressed on independent transcripts, and the promoters and terminators were identified. In addition, readthrough transcription from the sucAB genes to a downstream gene designated sucC, and from the aceEF genes to the adjacent lpd gene, was found. The relative levels of transcription of the suc, ace and lpd genes, and of the three different transcript types covering the ace-lpd region, were quantified using RNA from cells grown on different substrates. Most of the E3 components supplying the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex appear to be synthesised from approximately 6415-base aceEF-lpd readthrough transcripts, but additional approximately 4640-base aceEF transcripts terminating after the aceF gene provide a transcriptional basis for the observed stoichiometric excess of E1p and E2p relative to E3 in the assembled complex. Conversely most of the E3 components required for the 2-oxo-glutarate dehydrogenase complex appear to be synthesised from the independent 1670-base lpd transcripts. PMID- 3897794 TI - REV7, a new gene concerned with UV mutagenesis in yeast. AB - Three allelic mutations of a new yeast gene, which we have named REV7, have been isolated by testing 313 methyl methane sulfonate sensitive mutants for UV-induced reversion of a lys2 allele. Rev7 mutants are markedly deficient with respect to UV-induced reversion of lys2, are slightly sensitive to UV and appear to be in the RAD6 epistasis group for UV survival. Rev7-1, which is probably an amber mutation, does not appear to affect sporulation in homozygous diploids. The REV7 gene is located about 12 cM distal to HIS5 on chromosome IX. PMID- 3897793 TI - Isolation of the catalase A gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by complementation of the cta1 mutation. AB - As a first step in an analysis of the DNA regions involved in the control of the catalase A gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by glucose, heme, and oxygen this gene has been cloned. Catalase A-deficient mutants were obtained by UV mutagenesis of a ctt1 mutant strain specifically lacking catalase T. All the catalase A-deficient mutants obtained fall into one complementation group. The single recessive mutation causing specific lack of catalase A was designated cta1. Several overlapping DNA fragments complementing the cta1 mutation were obtained by transforming ctt1 cta1 double mutants with a yeast gene library in vector YEp13. Hybrid selection of RNA with the help of one of the cloned DNAs followed by in vitro translation of this RNA and identification of the protein synthesized with catalase A-specific antibodies showed that the catalase A structural gene has been cloned. A single copy of this gene is present in the yeast genome. Transcription of the catalase A gene cloned into vector YEp13 is repressed by glucose. The DNA isolated hybridizes to a 1.6 kb polyA+-RNA virtually absent from heme-deficient cells, presumably catalase A mRNA. PMID- 3897795 TI - UV and chemical mutagenesis in rev7 mutants of yeast. AB - We have examined induced mutagenesis in rev7-1 mutants of Baker's yeast' Saccharomyces cerevisiae, using a variety of contrasting test systems and several different mutagens. UV-induced reversion frequencies of the ochre allele arg4-17, the putative missense allele ilv1-92 and the frameshift allele his4-38 were 10 to 200 fold lower in haploid and diploid rev7-1 mutants compared with wild type strains, but UV-induced reversion frequencies of the frameshift allele leu2-3 and the proline missense allele cyc1-115 were reduced only a few fold. Ilv1-92 reversion frequencies induced by methyl methane sulfonate or by N-methyl-N'-nitro N-nitrosoguanidine were 10 to 20 times lower in rev7-1 mutants, but normal frequencies of these revertants were induced with ethyl methane sulfonate, even though rev7-1 strains are slightly sensitive to this mutagen as well as to the others tested. We conclude that the rev7 mutants, like the rev3 mutants they closely resemble, have a substantial but not total deficiency concerning induced mutagenesis. PMID- 3897796 TI - Transcription termination regions of coliphage T7 DNA: the effects of nusA1. AB - We report the effects in vivo of four segments of coliphage T7 DNA upon expression, from an upstream promoter, of galK in plasmids of the pKO family. Three of the segments carry the known major or putative distal terminators of host-dependent T7 early transcription. The fourth carries a novel terminator and maps in the late region of T7. We report the efficiencies of termination in these regions: evidence, based on studies with the E. coli nusA1 mutation, for an involvement of the transcription factor NusA in events at the major early and novel terminators: and the nature of the latter transcription signal. PMID- 3897797 TI - Monocytes phagocytic activity in cyclosporine treated patients. AB - This paper describes the modifications on monocytes phagocytic activity induced by Cs therapy. The tests were carried out on cells from kidney transplant recipients. PMID- 3897798 TI - Morphological changes in Escherichia coli subjected to direct current electrical fields. AB - Rod shaped Escherichia coli grown in a liquid minimal salts medium, through which an electrical current of 20 mA direct current was passed, were found to increase up to 25% of their original length. When the current was removed, or treated cells grown in fresh medium, they reverted to their original size and distribution. PMID- 3897799 TI - Specific proteins common to Salmonella paratyphi B and C. AB - A serum prepared with proteins from Salmonella paratyphi C precipitates indiscriminately the proteins from numerous heterologous Salmonellae. After different absorptions, that eliminate all the antibodies induced against common E. coli and Salmonellae determinants, a specific precipitation of a S. paratyphi C protein which is identical with that of an S. paratyphi B protein is evident in agar gel diffusion. PMID- 3897800 TI - Nucleotide sequence of the replication region of plasmid R401 and its incompatibility function. AB - The plasmids R401 and Rtsl belong to the same incompatibility group, IncT. The nucleotide sequence of the basic replicon of R401 consisting of 1,857 base pairs was determined and compared with that of mini-Rtsl previously reported. The mini R401 was found to be composed of two clusters of direct repeated sequences flanking a large open reading frame that could encode a 33,000 Mr protein (RepA protein) consisting of 288 amino acids. This structure of mini-R401 is quite similar to that of mini-Rtsl. Furthermore, the nucleotide sequence of mini-R401 is identical to that of mini-Rtsl except for eleven nucleotides; three are located near the carboxyl terminus portion of the RepA coding region (repA) and four are in the repeated sequences (incI) located downstream from repA. Incompatibility study showed that mini-R401 plasmid coexisted stably with the cloned incI repeats of mini-Rtsl, suggesting that mini-R401 RepA protein binds to incI repeats of mini-Rtsl less efficiently than does mini-Rtsl RepA protein. PMID- 3897801 TI - [Effect of F-prime, Col factor and R factor on the mutation phenotype in the Escherichia coli K12 strain]. AB - The increased rate of mutation in E. coli strains, containing mutator gene mutH21, which followed loss of F factor in H2110 and KL398 mut - was not seen with the parent H2. It was likely that the effect specific for the mutH phenotype. This effect may have been due to a further mutation on the F-prime, Thus a different non mutagenised F-prime, Col factor and R factor was reintroduced to test this hypothesis. PMID- 3897802 TI - [Detection of antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence in patients with alopecia areata]. AB - Autoantibodies were studied by indirect immunofluorescence method in the sera of 40 patients with alopecia areata. Autoantibodies to parietal cells of the stomach and the antinuclear antibodies were found to be positive in 4 and in 1 case respectively. PMID- 3897803 TI - Use of topical zinc to prevent recurrent herpes simplex infection: review of literature and suggested protocols. AB - Zinc ions have been reported to be antiviral to herpes simplex viruses. A number of treatments using zinc are reviewed which illustrate the effects of topically applied zinc in reducing the duration and severity of human orolabial and genital infections. Long-term topical application of zinc salts appears to greatly reduce or eliminate recurrences of genital herpetic infections. PMID- 3897804 TI - Clinical trials of allopurinol in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. AB - A wide range of different disturbances characteristic of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) can be attributed to a fundamental chronic shortage of intracellular adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), in turn arising from a basic lack of total adenylate. Purine conservation by the hypoxanthine isomer allopurinol, which promotes salvage and inhibits catabolism, greatly increases muscle ATP and total adenylate, with corresponding clinical benefit. Among subsequent confirmatory clinical trials some gave positive results, while others provided no information. Reasons given why these latter proved uninformative include asking questions either irrelevant and/or incapable of being answered, not least in older boys with too much shrinking fibrous tissue infiltrating too little remaining muscle. Informative results from any metabolic intervention can be expected only where sufficient muscle is left to respond, and this age-linked effect is everywhere evident in the positive trials. Thus, if an effect of allopurinol now seems apparent, and since it is extremely safe and does not enter the genetic material, it is suggested that it be administered shortly after birth before irreversible pathological changes occur. This implies neo-natal male mass screening, easily accomplished by a simple dried-blood spot test, and already carried out successfully elsewhere. PMID- 3897805 TI - A model test system for food allergy ingestion challenge study. AB - The aim of this paper is to propose a standardized mathematical model to be used as a reference for future studies. The mathematical model is presented for oral food ingestion challenge single-blind study, controlled with placebo. This model will meet the increasing demand for an easily used, valid and reproducible clinical rating scale that is sufficiently sensitive and discriminatory to accurately assess the effects of various treatment regimens on the food-allergic patient. The model assumes that at least a fraction of ingested food antigen circulates in the patient's blood stream, the resultant antigenemia thereby provides a stimulus-response signal in the susceptible host. The testing regimen will include subjective symptoms measurements and objective, diagnostic measurements. Accumulated data will be transformed to a unified factorial rating score system which will allow examination of relevant profiles and correlations within the subject and the patient groups. Care has been taken to keep the mathematics to a minimum to assure that any properly motivated investigator with cooperative patients can implement the model, with the aid of a hand calculator. PMID- 3897806 TI - Recent changes in gastrointestinal investigation in a university hospital. AB - There have been major advances over recent years in the endoscopic investigation of the gastrointestinal tract. The annual number of radiological and endoscopic procedures in a 700-bed university hospital over seven years has been reviewed. The average annual number of barium meal examinations decreased by 67%, while the number of gastroscopies increased by 36% over the same period. Similarly, colonoscopy rates increased and fewer barium enema examinations were performed. The procedural work-load of the Gastroenterology Unit has more than trebled over the seven years. These changes, together with other diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, should decrease the need for surgery and reduce the length of stay in hospital. PMID- 3897807 TI - Rationalization of assay units. PMID- 3897808 TI - A double-blind trial of hyperbaric oxygen in the treatment of multiple sclerosis. AB - A randomized double-blind trial of hyperbaric oxygen (2 atmospheres absolute for 20 sessions of 90 minutes, over a period of one month) demonstrated no advantage over a placebo gas mixture in the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Of 41 patients completing the trial, 21 had been treated with oxygen, eight of whom reported improvement (two confirmed objectively). Of 20 patients in the placebo group, seven claimed improvement (four confirmed objectively). Even when patients with mild disease were considered separately, or when functional systems were assessed individually, no benefit could be shown to result from hyperbaric oxygen therapy. PMID- 3897809 TI - Hyperbaric oxygen in the treatment of multiple sclerosis. PMID- 3897810 TI - Chymopapain and prolapsed disc. PMID- 3897811 TI - Malaria in Vanuatu. PMID- 3897812 TI - beta 2-Microglobulin secretion from lymphoid cells: a study at the cellular level. AB - A protein plaque assay was developed for the detection of human lymphocytes secreting beta 2-microglobulin. The development of plaques required production of beta 2-microglobulin by viable cells at an estimated rate exceeding 25 molecules per second. It has previously been suggested that beta 2-microglobulin secretion is restricted to certain lymphoid cell subpopulations. However, both T- and B cells were shown to form plaques in normal donors and immunodeficient patients after activation with various mitogens. A close correlation between beta 2 microglobulin production and DNA synthesis was evident. However, secretion of immunoglobulin did not correlate with the proportion of cells secreting beta 2 microglobulin. PMID- 3897813 TI - Phenotypic variations among enterotoxinogenic Escherichia coli from Swedish piglets with diarrhoea. AB - Escherichia coli strains causing diarrhoea in Swedish piglets were isolated; this investigation was made over a 20-year period, from 1964 to 1984. Many of the isolates belonged to O-groups 8, 141 and 149. These strains were separated into different phenotypes with the aid of a new method, "biochemical fingerprinting". This method has been especially designed to sort E. coli-isolates into various phenotypes based on a pattern of quantitatively measured biochemical reactions. It was found that most pathogenic isolates carrying O-antigen 8 belonged to the same phenotype. This phenotype was common in the 1960's, but later it disappeared from the population and was replaced by a wide variety of different phenotypes, most of them non-enterotoxinogenic, but still belonging to O-group 8. In O-group 141 one phenotype dominated in the 1960's, but in the 1970's a new phenotype appeared, which further increased in number in the 1980's. By contrast, in the O group 149 practically all strains isolated during the 20-year period were found to carry the relevant virulence factors and belong to the same phenotype. PMID- 3897814 TI - Effect of the presence of black pigmented Bacteroides of differing pathogenicity on the phagocytosis of Escherichia coli by rat polymorphonuclear leucocytes. AB - An investigation was made of the ability of rat polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNLs) to phagocytose Escherichia coli in the presence of two species of black pigmented Bacteroides (B. melaninogenicus and B. intermedius). When both the bacteria were opsonized together in the presence of normal rat serum, B. melaninogenicus and B. intermedius impaired the phagocytosis of E. coli significantly. However, the phagocytosis of these black pigmented Bacteroides remained unaffected in the presence of E. coli. The inhibition of phagocytosis was seen only after the initial first hour of incubation. The inhibition of phagocytosis of E. coli in the presence of B. intermedius was more than in the presence of B. melaninogenicus. The above observation confirms the important role played by black pigmented Bacteroides in experimental mixed infections with E. coli as observed by us earlier. PMID- 3897815 TI - Enzymatic hydrolysis of tetanus toxin by intrinsic and extrinsic proteases. Characterization of the fragments by monoclonal antibodies. AB - Enzymatic fragments of tetanus toxin were characterized by immunoblotting using a set of previously characterized antibodies (Ahnert-Hilger et al. (1983) and a set of novel antibodies. The selected antibodies recognized the light chain, fragment C (beta 1), and the complementary piece (beta 2) of the heavy chain when blotted on nitrocellulose. All toxin preparations contained intrinsic esteroprotease activity which became manifest in the presence of urea. The main split product was a fragment (MW 100 000) reacting with anti-fragment C and anti-beta 2 antibodies. Toxicity does not depend on this protease activity. Some crude preparations of tetanus toxin contain another split product (MW 47 000) which resembles fragment C. The main product of papain hydrolysis is fragment C, which appears as a double band under nonreducing conditions but is homogeneous when reduced. Chymotryptic digestion hydrolyses the heavy chain well but leaves the light chain largely intact. Tetanus toxin is very resistant against trypsin as compared with other proteases, although this enzyme splits numerous different links. Our data show the usefulness of immunoblotting with monoclonal antibodies in analytical work with tetanus toxin, and the relevance of intrinsic proteases. PMID- 3897816 TI - Protective immunity to systemic nocardiosis in mice immunized with cell extract antigens of Nocardia asteroides. AB - Mice immunized with crude cell extract antigens of Nocardia asteroides as well as its purified fraction F1 elicited significant levels of both humoral and cellular immune responses. These animals when challenged with 50% lethal dose of N. asteroides, two weeks after the complete immunization exhibited significant protection as seen by decreased mortality and viable counts compared to nonimmunized. The immunized animals were capable of clearing the infection much faster as compared to control. Cell extract antigens which were mainly protein in nature are thought to have a prime role in prevention and restriction of nocardial infection. PMID- 3897817 TI - Adjuvant therapy of cutaneous malignant melanoma: a critical review. AB - The emergence of revised definitions for the high-risk patient with cutaneous malignant melanoma prompts us to re-examine the current status of adjuvant therapy in this disease. We wish to address the question, "once a cutaneous melanoma is surgically removed and the patient is currently free of disease but at high risk for metastases, what can be done to prevent recurrence"? PMID- 3897818 TI - Sarcoma metastatic to the central nervous system parenchyma: a review of the literature. AB - Sarcoma metastatic to cerebral parenchyma, although rare, occurs more frequently than generally recognized. With increased duration of survival due to multi-modal therapy, more CNS metastases are being found. A literature search occasioned by a patient with metastatic sarcoma has produced some interesting results. PMID- 3897819 TI - Rib sarcoma with multiple bone metastases. PMID- 3897820 TI - [Dynamics of rickettsemia in common voles and steppe lemmings with different infective doses of Rickettsia sibirica]. PMID- 3897821 TI - [Parasitologists in World War II 1941-1945]. PMID- 3897822 TI - [Risk factors for the occurrence of malignant tropical malaria in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. 1. Clinico-laboratory characteristics of drug addicts]. PMID- 3897823 TI - [Basic results of studying arthropods--disease vectors in Czechoslovakia (review of literature)]. PMID- 3897824 TI - [History of cryotherapy in gynecologic practice]. PMID- 3897825 TI - [History of the health care profession in the town of Novi Sad]. PMID- 3897826 TI - [Progress, present status and problems in tracheostomy and sleeve lobectomy]. PMID- 3897827 TI - [Experimental and clinical studies on operative methods of pancreaticojejunostomy in reference to the process of wound healing and postoperative pancreatic function]. AB - After pancreaticoduodenectomy, the duct of residual pancreas is treated with ligation or anastomosed to jejunum. This study was carried out to determine whether or not pancreaticojejunostomy is necessary and if necessary, attempt was followed what kind of anastomosis is ideal from the view of wound healing, and reserving exocrine and endocrine function of the residual pancreas. Necessity for pancreaticojejunostomy: Forty mongrel dogs were divided into two groups: Group 1: Complete ligation of the pancreatic duct without anastomosis between the pancreas and jejunum. Group 2: Anastomosis between the jejunum and fibrotic pancreas which was caused by ligation of the pancreatic duct for three weeks. As results, even in fibrotic pancreas, pancreaticojejunostomy should be done after pancreaticoduodenectomy, to preserve exocrine and endocrine function of the residual pancreas. Operative methods of pancreaticojejunostomy: One hundred and twenty mongrel dogs were used to evaluate three kinds of pancreaticojejunostomy in terms of microangiography, hydroxyproline content, histopathological findings, bursting strength of the anastomotic site and incidence of anastomotic leakage. Pancreatic function was assessed by intravenous glucose tolerance test and pancreozymin secretin test. The best results were obtained by the anastomosis between mucosa of jejunum and pancreatic duct. Clinical application: The method of the anastomosis between the mucosa of the jejunum and pancreatic duct was applied to 142 patients with periampullary cancer from January 1971 to December 1982 at Keio University Hospital. Pancreatic leakage was seen in 10% (5/50) of patients with normal pancreatic tissue without pancreatic duct obstruction and did not occur in 40 patients with fibrotic pancreas. PMID- 3897829 TI - [Stimulation of peptidyltransferase activity of 50S subunits by alcohols]. AB - We have demonstrated that in certain conditions 50S subunits can transfer peptide moiety from peptidyl-tRNA to puromycin in the absence of alcohol. Monovalent cations NH4+ and K+ support this reaction, while Na+ and Li+ are ineffective. Optimal concentration for NH4+ is 1.8 M. Mg2+ ion concentrations above 12 mM are needed as well as an elevated temperature (30 degrees C). Using the alcohol-free puromycin reaction of 50S subunits we show that alcohol activates the peptidyl transferase center, but does not participate in the puromycin reaction. Neither does it change the protein composition of subunits. PMID- 3897828 TI - [Possible mechanisms of the transforming and tumorigenic effects of DNA containing animal viruses]. AB - The literature devoted to oncogenic action of DNA-containing animal viruses and their role in the development of human neoplasias are reviewed. The regularities of persistence and expression of genetic material of DNA-containing viruses in transformed and tumor cells are comprehensively analyzed. The mechanisms of recombination of cellular and viral DNA during cell transformation as well as the specificity of integration of viral DNA into the host genome are considered. The functions and mechanisms of transforming and tumorigenic action of the products of oncogens of DNA-containing viruses of different groups are discussed. The data on the cell transformation by some DNA-containing viruses without oncogene expression are represented. The mechanism of cell transformation by DNA containing viruses related to the activation of cellular oncogens is discussed. PMID- 3897830 TI - [Kinetics and spectra of photo-induced changes in the absorption of pigment protein complexes of photosystem 1 in a picosecond range]. AB - The energy transfer from the light-harvesting antenna chlorophylls to the reaction center molecules and subsequent charge separation were investigated using a difference picosecond spectrophotometer with selective excitation. The objects were the pigment-protein complexes of photosystem 1 (Chl/P700 = 60) isolated from bean leaves. The difference absorption spectra of the excited states of light-harvesting antenna chlorophylls and the P700 photooxidation were measured. It was shown that the excited states of antenna chlorophylls were generated within 10 ps and deactivated with three-component kinetics: tau 1 = 20- 45 ps, tau 2 = 100--300 ps, tau 3 greater than 500 ps. The process of the P700 photooxidation induced by the 650 nm exciting pulse was approximately monoexponential with tau equal to 15--30 ps. It is established that the P700 photooxidation is due to the efficient transfer of excitation energy from antenna chlorophylls to reaction centers. PMID- 3897831 TI - [Temperature dependence of protein globule polarization and electron transport in preparations of photosynthetic reaction centers from Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides]. AB - Differential "light-minus-dark" spectra were obtained for reaction center (RC) preparations cooled in the light and in the dark at 77 K. The two types of preparations were found to display different spectral features in the spectral regions 760-770, 790-810, 880-990 nm. Differences in the spectra of the two types were found to exist in preparations cooled to temperatures below 120-100 K, whereas at temperatures above 130 K such differences were not observed. The observed spectral changes may be associated with the polarization processes occurring in the RC globule. Samples cooled in the light and in the dark show different temperature dependencies of the efficiency of electron transfer to the secondary quinone acceptor. The differences are irreversible after cooling to temperatures below 170 K, and reversible after cooling to 180-200 K. It is postulated that the observed kinetic changes are reflections of changes in the configuration of the acceptor complex of the RC. The possible existence of a correlation between the polarization processes in the protein globule and the structural configurations of the RC is discussed. PMID- 3897832 TI - [Mathematical model of transitional processes in the chemostat culture of microorganisms]. AB - A mathematical model of the growth of the cell culture was developed. The model takes into account changes of the levels of the enzymes which define the metabolism rate, transport of the substrate into the cell, regeneration of the donors of energy. The model is based on the proposition that the rate of overall protein synthesis in the cell is defined by the concentration of a few aminoacids limiting the growth. The chemostat culture of the methanol-assimilating yeast was used as the object of modelling. The model allows to explain the experimental kinetics of alterations in cell number (biomass) and other measurable characteristics of the culture during the transient process when the dilution rate was changed. PMID- 3897833 TI - [Ribosomal proteins interacting with Phe-tRNAPhe during enzymatic binding with translating ribosome before and after the release of the elongation factor EF Tu]. AB - Proteins, directly interacting with tRNA in R- and A-sites of E. coli ribosome were determined by means of ultraviolet-induced RNA-protein cross-links. It is shown, that tRNAPhe in the R-site (upon enzymatic binding of the ternary complex Phe-tRNAPhe. X Tu X GMPPCP to ribosome) directly interact with factor Tu and ribosomal proteins S4, S5, S8 and L6, while in the A-site (upon binding of Phe tRNAPhe X Tu X GTP, GTP hydrolysis, Tu release and transpeptidation)--with proteins S5, S10, L6, L16 and S13/S14/L27. PMID- 3897834 TI - [Interaction of the photosystem 1 reaction center with antenna chlorophyll in a pigment-protein complex isolated from pea chloroplasts]. AB - Using a specially developed phosporoscopic attachment to spectropolarimeter, light induced spectra of circular dichroism (CD) in region 600-750 nm were measured for a pigment protein complex of photosystem 1 (PC-1) isolated from pea chloroplast (chlorophyll : P700 = 40). Minor components at 672 and 678 nm are observed in light induced spectra besides the components of dimer splitting of P700 Qy transition at 691 and 698 nm. Haussian deconvolution of light induced CD spectra of P700 and low temperature CD spectrum of PC-1 indicates that minor components are due to forms of antenna chlorophylls Chl672 and Chl678, rotational strength of that is changed by 2-4% as a result of P700 oxidation. Long term incubation of PC-1 with Triton X-100 inhibits P700 and destroys longwave optically active chlorophyll forms. A strong relation between dichroic density of 693 nm band in CD spectrum of PC-1 and the value of light induced absorption change at 698 nm could be used to determine P700 concentration on the basis of CD spectrum of PC-1. Such a relation shows that Chl693 is an important component of photo-system 1 reaction center. It is suggested that P700 is not an isolated dimer but it is included in the local complex from 8-10 chlorophyll molecules (Chl672, Chl678, Chl686, Chl693). PMID- 3897835 TI - Structure and developmental regulation of a wheat gene encoding the major chlorophyll a/b-binding polypeptide. AB - A genomic clone for a major chlorophyll a/b-binding polypeptide of the light harvesting complex has been sequenced from wheat. This gene, whAB1.6, encodes a 70-nucleotide 5'-nontranslated spacer, a 34-amino-acid NH2-terminal extension, i.e., the transit peptide, and a mature coding protein of 232 amino acid residues. The exact molecular weight of the precursor polypeptide is 28,560. The transit peptide is basic and is rich in serines. No intervening sequences are found in this gene. The transcription start site of the whAB1.6 gene occurs at AAAC as determined by S1 nuclease analysis. Putative regulatory sequences occur upstream of the gene at -25 (TTTAAATA) and at -72 (CCAACCA). Northern blots show a single RNA species estimated to be 1,100 nucleotides. Heterogeneity of the RNA population is demonstrated in S1 nuclease analyses with a 5'-end-labeled fragment that extends 191 nucleotides into the mature protein coding sequence. At least seven different transcripts can be recognized. The highest levels of RNA transcribed from the whAB1.6 gene are found in the basal segments of the wheat leaf, whereas other chlorophyll a/b-binding transcripts in the cell show a different pattern of abundance. As a control, we show that roots do not contain chlorophyll a/b-binding RNA. The most abundant RNA species shows an interrupted homology with the whAB1.6 gene at the start of the mature protein coding sequence; another species shows homology beginning at the start of the transit peptide and does not include the nontranslated region. Chlorophyll a/b-binding polypeptides accumulate toward the tip of the leaf as shown by Western blot analysis of total thylakoid proteins. PMID- 3897836 TI - Structure of the promoter of the Dictyostelium discoideum prespore EB4 gene. AB - EB4 is one of several cloned cDNAs that is expressed as mRNA only after the aggregation stage of Dictyostelium discoideum differentiation and exclusively in prespore and spore cells (E. Barklis and H. F. Lodish, Cell 32:1139-1148, 1983). We have isolated the unique genome fragment corresponding to the 5' portion of the EB4 message and the EB4 promoter. The EB4 transcript has an unusually long, G + C-rich, 5' noncoding region, but initiates at several start sites within a region of DNA that is 96% A + T. The sequence GTGGTGG, along with slight variations, occurs several times in the promoter. We have used the EB4 promoter to drive the transcription of an EB4/beta-galactosidase fusion transcript in yeast cells. Although the cap sites of the fused transcript in yeast cells are located in the region where multiple EB4 transcripts are initiated in Dictyostelium, the unregulated expression of the fusion transcript in yeast does not mimic the normal regulated pattern of EB4 mRNA expression in D. discoideum. PMID- 3897837 TI - Saccharomyces cerevisiae coordinates accumulation of yeast ribosomal proteins by modulating mRNA splicing, translational initiation, and protein turnover. AB - The rate of accumulation of each ribosomal protein is carefully regulated by the yeast cell to provide the equimolar ratio necessary for the assembly of the ribosome. The mechanisms responsible for this regulation have been examined by introducing into the yeast cell extra copies of seven individual ribosomal protein genes carried on autonomously replicating plasmids. In each case studied the plasmid-borne gene was transcribed to the same degree as the genomic gene. Nevertheless, the cell maintained a balanced accumulation of ribosomal proteins, using a variety of methods other than transcription. (i) Several ribosomal proteins were synthesized in substantial excess. However, the excess ribosomal protein was rapidly degraded. (ii) The excess mRNA for two of the ribosomal protein genes was translated inefficiently. We provide evidence that this was due to inefficient initiation of translation. (iii) The transcripts derived from two of the ribosomal protein genes were spliced inefficiently, leading to an accumulation of precursor RNA. We present a model which proposes the autogenous regulation of mRNA splicing as a eucaryotic parallel of the autogenous regulation of mRNA translation in procaryotes. Finally, the accumulation of each ribosomal protein was regulated independently. In no instance did the presence of excess copies of the gene for one ribosomal protein affect the synthesis of another ribosomal protein. PMID- 3897838 TI - DNase I-hypersensitive sites in the galactose gene cluster of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - Five DNase I-hypersensitive regions were associated with the Saccharomyces cerevisiae galactose gene cluster during both galactose induction and glucose repression of transcription. Four hypersensitive regions were located in areas flanking the GAL cluster genes, and one site occurred within GAL10. A DNase I hypersensitive region located between the 5' ends of divergently transcribed GAL10 and GAL1 contained sequences essential for the transcription of both genes. PMID- 3897839 TI - Quantitation of bovine beta 2-microglobulin: occurrence in body fluids, on milk fat globules and origin in milk. AB - The concns of bovine beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2M) and selected control proteins were measured using a competitive immunoassay to determine the origin of beta 2M in cows' milk. Using milk samples collected at various times, separated into different fractions and treated with protease inhibitors, it was established that beta 2M appears in cows' milk by protease-dependent degradation of the cellular fraction of milk, probably mononuclear cells, but is not derived from milk fat globules (MFG) or from polymorphonuclear leukocytes despite positive immunofluorescence of the former. The latter source could be eliminated by the induction of neutrophilia which produced no changes in beta 2M levels. Our data also indicate a minimal contribution by MFG to levels of secretory component despite its detection by indirect immunofluorescence on MFG but are consistent with the view that the milk fat globule membrane protein, bovine-associated microprotein, is derived from MFG by proteolysis. Protease-dependent degradation of milk components is an in vivo storage effect which occurs as early as the first 3 hr of in vivo storage. Compared to three other secretions tested, beta 2M was most concentrated in lacteal secretions and codistributed with bovine lymphocyte antigen in milk. PMID- 3897841 TI - Induced structural changes in chromosomes of the Syrian hamster after X irradiation of spermatogonia: comparison of dose-response curves derived from synaptonemal complexes and from air-dried preparations of metaphase I. AB - The dose-response relationships of the induction of structural change in chromosomes after X-irradiation of spermatogonia have been determined from analyses of synaptonemal complexes in pachytene spermatocytes and from air-dried preparations of metaphase I. The dose-response curves were superficially the same shape, with a peak yield of cells containing a multivalent at 4 Gy, although only in the pachytene data was there any statistically significant hump. The pachytene preparations were much more sensitive, revealing nearly twice the proportion of cells containing multivalents than found at metaphase. PMID- 3897840 TI - Effect of nitro substitution on the light-mediated mutagenicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Salmonella typhimurium TA98. PMID- 3897842 TI - Mammalian cell DNA damage by some heterocyclic food mutagens is correlated with their potency in the Ames test. PMID- 3897843 TI - Mutagenic activity of acrinol in Salmonella typhimurium. AB - Acrinol, which is used as a disinfectant and an abortifacient in several countries, was tested for mutagenicity by the Ames test system. After incubation with a rat-liver S9 microsomal preparation, acrinol showed potent mutagenicity for Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100, although it had no direct mutagenicity for the microorganisms. PMID- 3897844 TI - A mechanism for rich-medium inhibition of the repair of daughter-strand gaps in the deoxyribonucleic acid of UV-irradiated Escherichia coli K12 uvrA. AB - Ultraviolet-irradiated Escherichia coli K12 uvrA(B,C) cells show higher survival if plated on minimal growth medium (MM) rather than on rich growth medium (RM). This phenomenon has been referred to as 'minimal medium recovery' (MMR). UV irradiated (4 J/m2) uvrA cells showed a similar rate of protein synthesis, whether incubated in MM or RM, however, they showed a severe depression in DNA synthesis when incubated in MM that lasted for about 30 min, and the normal rate of DNA synthesis was not reestablished until about 60 min after irradiation. When a sample of these same cells was switched to RM immediately after UV-irradiation, there was only a slight slowing of DNA synthesis, and the normal rate of synthesis was reestablished by 60 min. An additional mmrA mutation or growth retardation by valine blocked both this extra DNA synthesis in RM, and the inhibitory effect of RM on survival. These findings suggest that the absence of a marked delay in DNA synthesis observed in RM may be responsible for the inhibitory effect of RM on the survival of UV-irradiated excision-deficient cells. Two hypotheses, which are not mutually exclusive, are proposed and supported by data to explain why a fast rate of DNA synthesis after UV irradiation partially inhibits postreplication repair and enhances cell lethality. PMID- 3897845 TI - On mutation fixation resulting from nitrosoguanidine-induced DNA damage in Escherichia coli K12 ada-. AB - Brief treatment with nitrosoguanidine of E. coli defective in the removal of the pre-mutagenic lesion, gives rise to cells that segregate mutant clones. No depletion in the number of such cells occurs for at least 4 generations of growth in liquid medium. It is concluded that pre-mutagenic lesions persist and result in copying errors by an otherwise normal replication machinery. PMID- 3897846 TI - Plasmid-dosage effects on ultraviolet, visible light and methyl methanesulfonate mutagenesis in Salmonella typhimurium. AB - Salmonella typhimurium LT2 strains bearing plasmids pKM101, R64 or pColIb-P9 demonstrated enhanced UV survival when compared with strains not bearing plasmids. A strain of S. typhimurium bearing both pKM101 and pColIb-P9 survived UV irradiation slightly better than either of the single-plasmid strains. Spontaneous reversion of the hisG46 and trpE8 missense alleles was enhanced in each single-plasmid strain, and for the dual-plasmid strain containing pKM101 and pColIb-P9 enhancement represented a near additivity of the response seen for the single-plasmid strains. Following exposure to UV or visible-light irradiation, reversion of hisG46 and trpE8 was also enhanced in each single-plasmid strain, but quantitatively greater in the dual-plasmid strain and was equal to or slightly greater than additive the responses of the single-plasmid strains. In contrast to visible-light irradiation, UV exposure resulted in two phenotypic Trp+-revertant classes. One Trp+ class, having normal colony size (2.0 mm) and similar in number to His+ revertants, was comprised of intragenic revertants of trpE8, while the predominant Trp+ class, having smaller colony size (0.8 mm), represented intergenic suppressor revertants, illuminating the differences in mutation and/or repair specificity for UV and visible-light exposure. Methyl methane-sulfonate (MMS)-induced reversion of hisG46 was similar in effect to that seen with UV or visible-light irradiation. Plasmids pKM101 or pColIb-P9 enhanced the frequency of hisG46 reversion, while a more than additive response was seen in a strain with both plasmids. Furthermore, MMS-induced reversion of hisG46 was also observed to be greatest in a strain bearing plasmid R64 (incompatibility group I alpha) and pKM101, when compared with single-plasmid strains bearing either R64 or pKM101. PMID- 3897847 TI - Metabolic activation of N-acetylbenzidine and N,N'-diacetylbenzidine to mutagens, using isolated hepatocytes and the 9000 X g liver supernatant from rat, hamster and guinea pig. AB - The metabolic activation of MABZ and DABZ, forming products mutagenic towards Salmonella typhimurium TA1538, was studied with isolated hepatocytes from rat, hamster and guinea pig and the S9 fraction (9000 X g supernatant) prepared from these hepatocytes. Special attention was given to the influence of acetyl-CoA, the cofactor for N-acetylation, on the mutagenicity of these arylamides. The rat and guinea pig S9 preparation activated MABZ as well as DABZ to a much higher degree than the intact hepatocytes of these animal species. Addition of acetyl CoA to the S9 preparation decreased the mutagenicity of MABZ and DABZ. On the contrary, for the hamster the mutagenicity of MABZ and DABZ appeared to be lower with the S9 preparation than with intact hepatocytes. Addition of acetyl-CoA to the S9 here increased the mutagenic activity of these arylamides. In the presence of intact hepatocytes obvious interspecies differences were observed in the activation of MABZ and DABZ. DABZ was far more effectively activated by hamster hepatocytes than by rat hepatocytes. This was not found with MABZ. Both substrates were poorly activated by guinea pig hepatocytes. PMID- 3897848 TI - Mutagenicity of N-hydroxylamines and N-hydroxycarbamates towards strains of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. AB - The mutagenic activity of several arylamines, alkyl- and arylcarbamates and their corresponding N-hydroxylated derivatives towards Escherichia coli WP2uvrA was investigated using the fluctuation test without a metabolic activation system. None of the parent amines or carbamates were mutagenic while several arylhydroxylamines and N-hydroxycarbamates were direct-acting base-pair substitution mutagens. With the exception of n-hexyl-N-hydroxycarbamate, the mutagenic activity of the N-hydroxycarbamates increased with increase in the length of alkyl substituent. Some arylamines and arylhydroxylamines were further examined, again without a metabolic activation system, using a plate test in conjunction with bacterial strains which detect either base-pair or frameshift mutagens. The arylhydroxylamines were found to cause both base-pair and frameshift mutations but were more active as frameshift mutagens. Possible reasons for the observed mutagenic activity are considered. PMID- 3897849 TI - Frameshift mutagenesis by ultraviolet and gamma radiations in Salmonella: SOS inducibility and effects of DNA polymerase I. AB - Ultraviolet (UV) and gamma-induced mutagenesis have been studied using a doubly auxotrophic strain of Salmonella typhimurium carrying the amber leuA150 mutation (which reverts by base-pair substitution) and the frameshift hisC3076 marker (which reverts by compensating frameshifts). In the initially constructed LT2 background, both markers were poorly revertible by UV and essentially non revertible by gamma-radiation. A derivative of this strain carrying the mutation enhancing plasmid pKM101 was however readily reverted by both UV and gamma, with either Leu+ (base substitution) or His+ (frameshift) revertants being observed on appropriate selective media. Photoreactivation experiments suggested that the lesions leading to formation of the two types of mutagenic event were similar if not identical. Support for this suggestion was obtained when it was found that yields of both types of UV-induced revertant were significantly increased in an excision-deficient background, while no revertants of either type were found in a recA background. Yields of gamma-induced revertants were not greatly altered in a uvrB background, but were also reduced to zero (for both markers) in the recA background. These results are consistent with what has previously been well documented for UV and gamma-induced base-pair substitution mutagenesis, and serve to emphasize the similarities between base-pair substitution mutagenesis and frameshift mutagenesis by these agents. There are differences, however, since although UV-induced reversion of the leuA150 marker was little affected and gamma induced reversion of leuA150 was somewhat reduced in the presence of a polA mutation (polA3), the yields of His+ frameshift revertants were significantly increased in the polA3 background following treatment with either UV or gamma. Thus while inducible DNA repair (SOS repair) appears to be involved in generating both types of mutational event following either UV- or gamma-irradiation, at some stage in the processing of premutational lesions the level (or type) of DNA polymerase I activity in the cell seems to have an important role in determining whether or not frameshifts or base-pair substitutions will be produced at a particular frequency. PMID- 3897850 TI - Relationship between lesions photoinduced by mono- and bi-functional furocoumarins in DNA and genotoxic effects in diploid yeast. AB - The induction of genetic effects was studied in a diploid strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (D7) after treatments with the monofunctional furocoumarins 7 methylpyrido[3,4-c]psoralen (MePyPs), pyrido[3,4-c]psoralen (PyPs) and 3 carbethoxypsoralen (3-CPs) and the bifunctional furocoumarins 5-methoxypsoralen (5-MOP) and 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) in the presence of 365-nm radiation. The DNA photobinding of radioactively labelled MePyPs, 3-CPs, 5-MOP and 8-MOP was determined in parallel. The DNA-photobinding capacity was highest for MePyPs followed in decreasing order by 5-MOP, 3-CPs and 8-MOP. At a concentration of 5 microM and 4.2 kJ/m2 of 365-nm radiation approximately 160, 66, 60 and 16 adducts per 10(6) base pairs were formed by MePyPs, 5-MOP, 3-CPs and 8-MOP, respectively. The activity of MePyPs and PyPs for the induction of lethal effects lay in the same range as that of 5-MOP whereas 8-MOP was 3 times less active and 3-CPs showed very little activity. For the induction of mitotic gene conversion and genetically altered colonies including mitotic crossing-over the order of activity was about the same as that observed for the induction of lethal effects: MePyPs greater than 5-MOP greater than PyPs greater than 8-MOP much greater than 3-CPs. Nuclear reversions were induced most effectively by 5-MOP, 8-MOP being about 3 times less effective. Up to 4 and 6 kJ/m2 of 365-nm radiation, MePyPs and PyPs, respectively, were less mutagenic than 8-MOP but became more mutagenic at higher doses. At equal survival, the pyridopsoralens were, however, clearly less mutagenic than the bifunctional furocoumarins 8-MOP and 5-MOP. By plotting the genetic data versus the number of lesions induced in DNA, it was shown that the monoadducts induced by the monofunctional furocoumarins MePyPs and 3-CPs exert a relatively low potential for the induction of lethal and nuclear genetic events as compared to photoadditions induced by the bifunctional furocoumarins 8-MOP and 5-MOP. However, at a very high density, the monoadducts induced by MePyPs became as lethal and as mutagenic as the mixture of mono- and biadducts induced by 8-MOP and 5-MOP probably due to overloading of cellular repair capacities.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3897851 TI - Analysis of non-linearities in frequency curves for UV-induced mitotic recombination in wild-type and excision-repair-deficient strains of yeast. AB - Frequency curves for UV-induced mitotic recombination often are linear at low doses. As dose increases, these curves either increase at higher powers of dose and/or reach a maximum induced frequency and then decline. Similar dose-response patterns have been observed previously for mutation. The non-linearities can arise from higher order effects inherent in the molecular mechanisms of mutagenesis and/or from 'delta-effects' (Eckardt and Haynes, 1977a), i.e., differential probabilities of clone formation for mutant and non-mutant cells. Previously, we have shown that one can distinguish between these two possibilities by plotting the ratio of the induced mutant yield to the linear component of frequency as a function of dose (Haynes et al., 1985). In this study, we have used this ratio, a quantity we call 'apparent survival', to analyse the non-linear regions of the dose-response curves for UV-induced mitotic crossing-over and gene conversion in wild-type (RAD) and excision-repair deficient (rad3) strains of yeast. Plots of apparent survival versus dose reveal the existence of a positive, non-linear component associated with UV-induced gene conversion in RAD, but not rad3, cells. A high dose decline in frequency, which is observed for UV-induced recombination in both strains, can be attributed to delta-effects. PMID- 3897852 TI - Tests for heritable genetic damage and for evidence of gonadal exposure in mammals. AB - Tests for the induction of genetic damage in mammalian germ cells provide the data needed for human genetic risk assessment and are used as standards for judging the ability of shorter-term tests to predict genetic hazard. In this review, 15 mammalian germ-cell tests and their variants are described. These tests are of two general types: (a) those designed to detect certain classes of genetic damage (gene mutations, chromosome breakage and/or rearrangement, and chromosome mis-segregation), regardless of whether or not the endpoint scored has any significance to human health, and (b) those designed to detect phenotypes that have human health implications, while the nature of the genetic damage is not usually known. Exposure to a mutagenic agent presents no genetic hazard if the chemical or its metabolites fail to reach the reproductive cells. Tests for gonadal exposure are, therefore, important, as preliminaries or components of studies on germ-cell mutagenicity. Seven of these tests and their variants are briefly described in the second part of the paper. PMID- 3897853 TI - [Cutaneous alternariosis--clinical case report and review of the literature]. PMID- 3897854 TI - Differentiation of Candida albicans biotypes by the method of Odds and Abbott. PMID- 3897855 TI - [Generalized follicular pustular candidiasis following herpes zoster]. PMID- 3897856 TI - [Correlations between culture findings of Candida albicans in the digestive tract and the antibody titers of indirect Candida immunofluorescence]. PMID- 3897857 TI - Structure of the circumsporozoite protein gene in 18 strains of Plasmodium falciparum. AB - Using the cloned circumsporozoite (CS) protein gene of a Brazilian strain of Plasmodium falciparum as probe, we have analyzed the structure of the CS protein gene from 17 other Asian, African, Central and South American parasite strains by nucleic acid hybridization. Each strain appears to have one CS protein gene which hybridizes readily to the Brazilian strain probe. The 5' and 3' thirds of the genes are invariant in size in all 18 strains whereas the central third containing the 12 base pair tandem repeats varies in size over a range of about 100 base pairs. Several differences were found in the locations of Sau3A sites in the genes. The Sau3A sites are significant because each of the minority Asn-Val Asp-Pro repeats in the cloned gene has a Sau3A site. DNA melting of hybrids revealed a high degree of homology between the sequences of the cloned gene and genes from an Asian strain and an African strain. A 14 base oligodeoxynucleotide with a sequence from the central repeat region hybridized to all strains tested. We conclude that the CS protein gene is highly conserved among strains of P. falciparum and that malaria vaccine development with the CS protein is unlikely to be complicated by strain variation. PMID- 3897858 TI - Selective stage-specific changes in the permeability to small hydrophilic solutes of human erythrocytes infected with Plasmodium falciparum. AB - The permeability characteristics of Plasmodium falciparum-infected human erythrocytes to various 3H-labelled solutes were measured during the maturation of the parasites in sorbitol-synchronised cultures. Using [14C]inulin as the extracellular marker, estimates were made of the influx kinetics of [3H]amino acids into trichloroacetic acid (TCA)-soluble pools within the erythrocyte and concomitant incorporation into TCA-precipitable material. These measurements provided values of the rates of protein synthesis by the parasite and the initial influx rates for the transport of precursor amino acids into the erythrocyte. For about 12-15 h after parasitisation, the influx of L-[3H]glutamine remained at a low level comparable to that in the uninfected cell (2-9 nmol g-1 cells min-1). As pigment appeared in the trophozoite, the initial rate of influx of L-glutamine increased to a value up to 100-fold higher than in the uninfected erythrocyte. The increase in permeability affected only the parasitised cells in a culture of partially infected erythrocytes, and was selective with respect to substrate since the influx kinetics for both [3H]isoleucine and [3H]arginine were not affected by parasitisation. The permeability changes occurred mainly over a 4-8 h period in the development of the young trophozoite, during which time [3H]glycine influx was enhanced by a factor of 3-10, with a comparable increase in the uptake of myo-[3H]inositol. L-[3H]glutamate, which did not penetrate significantly into uninfected erythrocytes, entered red cells infected with mature trophozoites at a rate which was much less than 1% of the parasite-induced-L-glutamine influx. At the stages when the permeability to L-glutamine was markedly enhanced, parasitised cells remained impermeable to [3H]sucrose. An analysis of the relative 3H activities in glutathione and free amino acid pools indicated that, if L-glutamine permeation did not increase during parasite maturation beyond the ring stage, or was blocked by a potential antimalarial compound, an insufficient supply of L-glutamine would be available for the increased rates of parasite protein synthesis and glutathione turnover within the red cell. PMID- 3897859 TI - Glycosidases of Trichinella spiralis. AB - The exoglycosidases beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase, beta-N-acetyl-D galactosaminidase, alpha-1-fucosidase, alpha-D-glucosidase and alpha-D mannosidase, and a non-specific acid phosphohydrolase are present at high levels in extracts of adult and muscle-stage (L1) Trichinella spiralis and at lower (5 30-fold) levels in extracts of the newborn larvae. The enzyme activities from the L1 extract were characterized. All displayed maximum activity at acid pH. beta-N acetyl-D-glucosaminidase and beta-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminidase had identical molecular weights (110 000), pH optima (5.0), and isoelectric points (5.7) indicating that both of these substrate specificities reside in the same protein molecule. alpha-1-Fucosidase had a molecular weight of 125 000 and exhibited two pH optima (5.0 and 6.0) and four isoelectric points (5.9, 6.4, 6.7 and 7.1) indicating its presence in multiple molecular forms. alpha-D-Glucosidase had a molecular weight of 85 000, a pH optimum of 6.0 and an isoelectric point of 5.2; alpha-D-mannosidase had a molecular weight of 192 000, a pH optimum of 6.0 and an isoelectric point of 4.5; and acid phosphatase had a molecular weight of 81 000, a pH optimum of 6.0 and two isoelectric points (4.8 and 5.9) indicating its existence in two molecular forms. The same glycosidases and acid phosphatase were detected also in culture fluids collected after 15-20-h incubation of both L1 and adults. As in the worm extracts, beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase was present in these culture fluids at the highest activity with acid phosphatase present at the next highest activity. PMID- 3897860 TI - Protein variation in clones of Plasmodium falciparum detected by two dimensional electrophoresis. AB - Two dimensional electrophoresis has been used to examine protein variation in clones of two Plasmodium falciparum isolates. Variant forms of 12 proteins were detected. Five genetically distinct parasite types were identified in one isolate, and two in the second isolate. Examination of uncloned parasites using this technique showed that the frequency of each genotype altered during six months of culture. PMID- 3897861 TI - Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in a young adult with idiopathic hypopituitarism. Possible relation to the administration of cadaveric human growth hormone. PMID- 3897862 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 38-1985. A 66-year-old man with progressive neurologic deterioration. PMID- 3897863 TI - Marrow transplantation from related donors other than HLA-identical siblings. AB - Marrow transplantation has generally been limited to patients with a sibling who is genotypically identical for HLA. In a study of the acceptable limits of HLA incompatibility, 105 consecutive patients with hematologic cancers who received marrow grafts from haploidentical donors (study group) were compared with 728 similar patients concurrently receiving grafts from HLA genotypically identical siblings (control group). The unshared haplotypes differed variably: 12 were phenotypically but not genotypically identical for HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-D; 63 differed at one locus (A, B, or D); 24 at two loci; and 6 at three. A higher proportion of study patients had delayed engraftment, granulocytopenia, or graft rejection. Acute graft versus host disease occurred earlier and with greater frequency in study patients. The risk of the disease did not correlate with disparity for Class I (A or B) versus Class II (D-region) loci. Thus, incompatibility for HLA has an important effect on the course after clinical marrow transplantation. In spite of these complications, there was no statistically significant difference in the survival of the study patients and control patients who received their transplants during remission. PMID- 3897864 TI - Clinical prediction rules. Applications and methodological standards. AB - The objective of clinical prediction rules is to reduce the uncertainty inherent in medical practice by defining how to use clinical findings to make predictions. Clinical prediction rules are derived from systematic clinical observations. They can help physicians identify patients who require diagnostic tests, treatment, or hospitalization. Before adopting a prediction rule, clinicians must evaluate its applicability to their patients. We describe methodological standards that can be used to decide whether a prediction rule is suitable for adoption in a clinician's practice. We applied these standards to 33 reports of prediction rules; 42 per cent of the reports contained an adequate description of the prediction rules, the patients, and the clinical setting. The misclassification rate of the rule was measured in only 34 per cent of reports, and the effects of the rule on patient care were described in only 6 per cent of reports. If the objectives of clinical prediction rules are to be fully achieved, authors and readers need to pay close attention to basic principles of study design. PMID- 3897865 TI - Reducing residency opportunities for graduates of foreign medical schools. PMID- 3897866 TI - X-ray CT and magnetic resonance imagers. Diffusion patterns and policy issues. PMID- 3897867 TI - Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and autoimmunity: islet-cell autoantibodies, insulin autoantibodies, and beta-cell failure. PMID- 3897868 TI - Entry of black and other minority students into U.S. medical schools. Historical perspective and recent trends. PMID- 3897869 TI - Muscle relaxation and periventricular hemorrhage. PMID- 3897870 TI - Transducing proteins. Yeast RAS and Tweedledee's logic. PMID- 3897871 TI - Visual perception as a text. PMID- 3897872 TI - Sir Frank MacFarlane Burnet (1899-1985). PMID- 3897873 TI - Selective advantage of polA1 mutator over polA+ strains of Escherichia coli in a chemostat. PMID- 3897874 TI - Conscientious objection and clinical care: a history of Civilian Public Service Camp No. 61 at Duke University, 1942-1946. PMID- 3897875 TI - [Properties of the causative agent of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease; current insights into the pathogenesis of dementia]. PMID- 3897876 TI - Group A streptococcal meningitis in an adult. PMID- 3897877 TI - [Use of the existing denture in the construction of a new one]. PMID- 3897878 TI - [Single crowns in the anterior region. Patient opinion and durability]. PMID- 3897879 TI - [From racial myth to racial delusion and selection]. PMID- 3897880 TI - Treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia in first remission--chemotherapy versus bone marrow transplantation. PMID- 3897881 TI - Idiopathic IgA mesangial nephropathy. PMID- 3897883 TI - Recurrence of IgA nephropathy with nephrotic syndrome in renal allograft. AB - A 59-year-old female presented with peripheral oedema in association with an upper respiratory tract infection in August 1980. On examination she was found to have nephrotic range proteinuria, haematuria, slightly decreased renal function and elevated blood pressure. Renal biopsy showed mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis with mesangial IgA and C3 deposits. She was treated with corticosteroids and later with cyclophosphamide, but without any response. 1 year after the onset of disease, she developed terminal renal failure. In December 1981, she received a cadaveric renal allograft; thereafter renal function became normal but she remained proteinuric, and developed fulminant nephrosis within 2 years. A transplant biopsy revealed alterations in the graft, indicating recurrence of the original disease. PMID- 3897882 TI - Carbohydrate metabolism in potassium-depleted rats. AB - Carbohydrate metabolism was examined in different organs of rats with dietary potassium deprivation for 4 weeks. Thereafter, a 24- or 48-hour starvation period caused a significant decrease of skeletal muscle and liver glycogen content in K+ depleted (KD) rats, whereas kidney glycogen concentration increased and heart glycogen remained unchanged. In contrast, liver glucose concentration was significantly higher in starved KD animals without changes in muscle, heart, and kidney glucose concentrations. Potassium depletion caused a highly significant decrease of plasma and muscle potassium concentrations, metabolic alkalosis, reduced plasma insulin, and increased creatine phosphokinase levels. Blood lactate, pyruvate, and oxoglutarate levels were significantly enhanced in fasted KD rats, whereas blood citrate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, and glucose concentrations were unchanged. Blood acetoacetate level, however, was significantly reduced following potassium depletion. Therefore, beta-hydroxybutyrate/acetoacetate ratio increased significantly, whereas lactate/pyruvate ratio was not influenced. Our results clearly indicate impaired carbohydrate metabolism in potassium-depleted rats. PMID- 3897884 TI - Salmonella enteritidis infection in renal transplant recipients. PMID- 3897885 TI - Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in cyclosporin A-treated renal allograft recipients. PMID- 3897886 TI - Hypertension in man with a kidney transplant: role of familial versus other factors. AB - Genetic factors are clearly involved in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension in man. In at least three rat models of genetic hypertension it is possible to transplant the hypertension with the kidney. To see whether or not the same is true for humans, we carried out a 2-year retrospective study of 50 selected recipients of a cadaver kidney. We correlated the following factors by multivariate statistical analyses: presence or absence of hypertension in the family of donor and recipients; donor's and recipient's age; mean blood pressure (MBP) and antihypertensive therapy (AHT) score during dialysis; months of dialysis and body surface before transplantation; body weight, plasma creatinine, prednisone dosage and cumulative rejections with MBP and AHT score at various time intervals after transplantation. The results obtained showed that, considering the recipients coming from normotensive families, the AHT score after transplantation was significantly greater (p less than 0.05 1st and p less than 0.01 2nd year) in the patients receiving a kidney removed from donors with hypertensive families than in patients receiving a kidney removed from donors with normotensive families. This difference was not present when the recipients coming from hypertensive parents were considered. AHT score after transplantation is also correlated with AHT score on dialysis (p less than 0.01 1st and 2nd year), body weight (p less than 0.02 1st and p less than 0.01 2nd year), cumulative rejections (p less than 0.025 1st and 2nd year) and inverse MBP after dialysis (p less than 0.025 2nd year). PMID- 3897887 TI - Chronic irreversible nephrotoxicity from cyclosporin A. AB - A 43-year-old woman developed progressive renal insufficiency while receiving cyclosporin A after live donor kidney transplantation. Despite the discontinuation of this drug and substitution with azathioprine, the renal function continued to deteriorate leading to eventual graft loss. The other causes of chronic renal failure such as allograft rejection, recurrent or 'de novo' glomerulonephritis or obstructive uropathy were not evident. There is a high frequency of acute reversible nephrotoxicity from cyclosporin A, but this patient's clinical course suggests that chronic irreversible renal failure can also occur in patients receiving this drug. PMID- 3897888 TI - Significance of renal hyaline arteriolosclerosis in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. AB - The renal biopsy findings of 60 adults with idiopathic focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) were reviewed in order to determine the clinicopathological significance of renal hyaline arteriolosclerosis (HA) in FSGS. 36 biopsies (60%) exhibited a definite HA [HA (+)] in association with high levels of proteinuria (p less than 0.0024) and serum creatinine (p less than 0.0316) and a high frequency of global sclerosis (p less than 0.0014) when compared to the remaining 24 biopsies without definite HA [HA (-)]. 14 (39%) of these HA (+) biopsies showed continuity of afferent arteriolosclerosis with hyalinosis of the adjacent glomerular axial segmental sclerosis. These results suggest that HA (+) patients with FSGS show more severe disease than HA (-) patients, and there is a possible relationship between FSGS and HA. PMID- 3897889 TI - [W.E. Dandy. 1886-1946]. PMID- 3897890 TI - [Round table: Infratentorial hemangioblastoma]. AB - Posterior fossa is the main location of hemangioblastomas of the CNS. Etiological, gross anatomical, clinical and therapeutic study performed by F. Resche et al. is based on analysis of 20 large series and 624 separated cases of the literature and on results of a cooperative study of the S.F.N.C. (Societe francaise de Neurochirurgie) which collected 262 cases. It is the largest series gathered up to the present. Among the S.F.N.C. series there were 151 males and 111 females. The age ranged from 2-71 with two peaks in 31-35 and 46-50 in the male population. The mean age at the time of diagnosis is 38 but lower in the female group than in the male one. The mean age is significantly lower in familial cases. Cerebellum is the main location of infratentorial hemangioblastomas. Brain stem hemangioblastomas occurred in less of ten per cent of cases (3,77% in the S.F.N.C. series). Solitary tumors are located in the cerebellar hemipheres in about 80 per cent of cases, where they are of macrocystic type (type 2) in a proportion of two third; vermian tumors are equally of cystic and solid (type 3 and 4) types. Whatever their gross anatomic type and location, infratentorial hemangioblastomas usually have a superficial margin at the leptomeningeal layer. Associated axial and extra-axial lesions are analysed. Angiomatosis retinae are in 30-40% of cases the first manifestations of disease, occurring before infratentorial tumor. Pathogenic features are studied. Lethal potential of renal carcinomas and pancreatic nesidio-blastomas of Lindau's disease is pointed out. Histo and cyto pathologic aspects of infratentorial hemangioblastomas are analysed by J. Hassoun. Morphological (photonic and ultra structural) characteristics are seen and an attempt on histogenetic interpretation is given. From a clinical point of view it is important to note that hemangioblastomas, although they are vascular tumors, are exceptionally revealed by an intrathecal bleeding. The most common initial symptoms are manifestations of increased intracranial pressure without or only with light signs of cerebello-vestibular disturbances. (F. Resche et al.) Potential occurrence of polycythemia in cerebellar hemangioblastoma is a well-known fact. J.P. Caron et al. report a case of a cerebellar hemangioblastoma with polycythemia where plasmatic, C.S.F. and saline extract tumor erythropoietin levels have been measured. Elevate erythropoietin levels were found in the C.S.F. and the tumor suggesting true ectopic hormonal production which is responsible for the polycythemia encountered in this patient.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3897891 TI - [Stereotaxic treatment of expanding cysts in craniopharyngiomas by endocavitary beta-irradiation (Re-186; Au-198; Y-90)]. AB - The authors report the results of 17 intracystic injection of colloidal 186 rhenium, 2 colloidal 198 gold, and 1 colloidal 90 yttrium for endocavitary treatment of 18 cystic craniopharyngiomas (16 pts during a period ranging from January 1975 till July 1982. Follow-up studies ranging from 12 to 72 months (m: 36 m) revealed that all craniopharyngiomas cysts were effectively treated with cessation of fluid formation, progressive shrinkage of the formerly expansive cysts, and finally cyst obliteration in 75% of the cases. No early or late side effects were observed during the entire observation period. Late reexpansion of one craniopharyngioma cyst, observed at 11 months, was successfully treated by a second injection. Leakage of colloid isotope into the CSF spaces during the "test" or "therapeutic" injections occurred in 18% of the global number of injections, however no clinical complications were observed. On the basis of a clinical dosimetric study a 30 000 rads wall-dose, not exceeding 40 000 rads is actually considered as the safer dose for endocavitary treatment of craniopharyngioma. PMID- 3897892 TI - Transdiaphragmatic migration of a ventriculoperitoneal catheter. AB - A child developed an infected hydrothorax and respiratory distress 3 years after the insertion of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. The distal catheter had penetrated the right pleural space via retrohepatic transdiaphragmatic migration. PMID- 3897893 TI - Aging in the nervous system. AB - This review of the effects of aging on the nervous system covers functional changes, such as slowing of reaction time; behavioral and psychological changes; physiological changes in the brain; and pathological changes. The author discusses the sensory processes in relation to the neurological examination. Dementia due to Alzheimer's disease, normal pressure hydrocephalus, and other causes is also discussed. PMID- 3897894 TI - The early days of neurosurgery as I remember them, with emphasis on disc surgery. PMID- 3897895 TI - Double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical, psychometric and neurophysiological investigations with oxiracetam in the organic brain syndrome of late life. AB - The therapeutic efficacy and safety of oxiracetam (ISF 2522), a new nootropic cyclic GABA derivative, were investigated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study in 40 patients with organic brain syndrome in late life. The psychopathology was characterized by memory deficits, intellectual dysfunction, lack of drive, and disturbance of affectivity. Patients were randomly assigned to a 4-week treatment with either 2 X 400 mg oxiracetam capsules t.i.d. or identical placebo capsules in the same dosing schedule. Evaluation of the psychopathology and side effects was carried out at weeks 0, 1 and 4; laboratory tests (hematology, blood chemistry and urinalysis), a battery of psychometric tests and quantitative EEG investigations were done at weeks 0 and 4. In the oxiracetam group a slight but significant improvement in global symptomatology was observed within 1 week, with further improvement after 4 weeks. In the placebo group, an improvement was seen only in the 4th week. Evaluation of the detailed psychopathology by means of the Sandoz clinical assessment geriatric scale (SCAG) showed in the oxiracetam group significant improvements in loss of appetite and vertigo after 1 week and in short-term memory, anxiety, emotional lability, fatigue, loss of appetite and vertigo after 4 weeks. In contrast, not a single item improved significantly during placebo treatment. Although the differences in SCAG scores between the two groups failed to reach statistical significance, the overall trend towards improvement was significantly better in the oxiracetam group. The tolerability of the drug was good.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3897896 TI - Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: possible medical risk factors. AB - To explore possible risk factors in the past medical history of patients with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), we conducted a case-control study among 26 cases and 40 matched controls. Statistically significant odds ratios were obtained for intraocular pressure testing; injury to or surgery on the head, face or neck; and trauma to other parts of the body. The odds ratios were nearly significant for head trauma and procedures requiring sutures. These data suggest that the CJD agent may be acquired by inoculation through injury or during surgery, and perhaps on certain absorbable sutures of animal origin. The tonometer used for glaucoma testing may also be a vehicle of transmission. PMID- 3897898 TI - [Primary bacterial peritonitis in ascitic cirrhosis patients]. PMID- 3897897 TI - Pubertas praecox and hypothalamic hamartoma. AB - Precocious puberty of cerebral origin is classified into pseudoprecocious puberty and true precocious puberty. Pseudoprecocious puberty is caused by HCG secreting tumours. True precocious puberty is caused by various hypothalamic diseases. Among them, hypothalamic hamartoma is the most common cause. Precocious puberty is caused by elevated blood pituitary gonadotropin concentration, secondary to the elevated hypothalamic LHRH secretion. The hypothalamic hamartoma is not infrequently associated with laughing (gelastic) seizures as well as convulsions. Diagnosis of a hypothalamic hamartoma is easily made by CT. Although the hypothalamic hamartoma is difficult to operate on, the value of surgery is stressed for treatment of precocious puberty. This is also confirmed by recent reports. PMID- 3897899 TI - [A case of tubular intestinal duplication not communicating with the intestinal lumen]. PMID- 3897900 TI - [Ileo-proctostomy with an EEA stapler. Proposal of a technic]. PMID- 3897901 TI - [Diagnosis and therapy of acute hemorrhage of the colon]. PMID- 3897902 TI - [Transplant of a segment of pancreas with ligated duct in the rat]. PMID- 3897903 TI - [Role of percutaneous drainage in the treatment of hepatic abscesses]. PMID- 3897904 TI - [Nonresponders to H2 blockers: why? Preliminary data]. PMID- 3897905 TI - [Therapeutic effect of pirenzepine in chronic superficial gastritis in patients with portal hypertension and liver cirrhosis]. PMID- 3897906 TI - [Short-term therapy (6 weeks) of duodenal ulcer with ranitidine 150 mg. b.d. and cimetidine 400 mg. b.d. Open randomized study of 126 patients]. PMID- 3897907 TI - [Short-term therapy (6 weeks) of gastric ulcer with ranitidine 150 mg. b.d. and cimetidine 400 mg. b.d. Open randomized study of 86 patients]. PMID- 3897908 TI - [Double-blind cross-over study of imecromone and placebo in the treatment of dyspeptic syndrome]. PMID- 3897909 TI - [Treatment of pyogenic hepatic abscess. Systemic and local antibiotic therapy during ultrasonically guided percutaneous drainage]. PMID- 3897910 TI - [Latest data on chemical properties and the physiological role of thiamine and its phosphoric esters]. PMID- 3897911 TI - Anti-acetylcholine antibodies and first immunocytochemical application in insect brain. AB - A specific immunological approach was developed to enable acetylcholine (ACh) to be visualized in biological tissues. A variety of ACh-like immunogens were synthesized, and injected into rabbits. Antibody specificity was tested using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. The most immunoreactive ACh derivative was found to be choline-glutaryl-lysine. A mixture of allyl alcohol and formaldehyde was found to be the best fixative of ACh in tissues. The specificity of this antibody recognition was tested in vitro and in immunochemistry. There was excellent agreement between the in vitro results and the ACh staining. Moreover, visualization using these anti-ACh antibodies appeared identical to the results using anti-choline acetyltransferase antibodies. PMID- 3897912 TI - Methionine-enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8-immunoreactive nerve fibers and cell bodies in lumbar paravertebral ganglia and the celiac-superior mesenteric ganglion complex of the rat: an immunohistochemical study. AB - Lumbar paravertebral ganglia and prevertebral ganglia of the rat were immunohistochemically examined using an antiserum against Methionine-enkephalin Arg6-Gly7-Leu8 (Met-Enk-Arg-Gly-Leu). Colchicine (5 mg/kg body wt., i.p. injection) was employed as an axonal transport blocker to intensify the immunoreactivity in the nerve cell bodies. In the lumbar paravertebral ganglia of the colchicine-treated rats, about 55% of nerve cell bodies showed a positive immunoreactivity. In the celiac-superior mesenteric ganglion complex, a dense network of positively immunostained nerve fiber varicosities surrounded immunonegative nerve cell bodies. The Met-Enk-Arg-Gly-Leu-like immunoreactivity demonstrated in this study suggests the occurrence of preproenkephalin A and related opioid peptides. PMID- 3897913 TI - Immunocytochemical localization of S-100 protein in interstitial cells of the monkey Macaca irus pineal gland. AB - Pineal interstitial cells of the monkey Macaca irus were shown to react with an anti-human S-100 protein antibody, using the indirect immunoperoxidase technique on sections of paraplast-embedded pineal glands. Immunoreactivity was seen in the cytoplasm of the cells, stellate in shape and intermingled with pinealocytes; the latter did not stain with the antiserum against S-100 protein. Immunoreactivity was also present in the nuclei, as was reported in various other cell types immunostained with anti-S-100 protein antibodies. The present results support the view that interstitial cells of the monkey Macaca irus pineal gland may be of astroglial origin. PMID- 3897914 TI - W.O. Atwater memorial lecture. Zinc: essentiality for brain development and function. PMID- 3897915 TI - Dietary carbohydrate intake and catecholamine secretion in man. PMID- 3897916 TI - Role of fluoride and silicon in urinary calculi disease. PMID- 3897917 TI - Megadose zinc intakes impair immune responses. PMID- 3897918 TI - Does malnutrition predispose children to diarrhea? PMID- 3897919 TI - Ascorbic acid does not cure cancer. PMID- 3897920 TI - Dietary D-tyrosine as an antimetabolite in mice. PMID- 3897921 TI - Nutrition classics. Acta Chemica Scandinavica, Volume 1, 1947: The iron-binding protein of swine serum. By C. B. Laurell and B. Ingelman. PMID- 3897923 TI - Temporomandibular joint and myofascial pain dysfunction--some current concepts. Part 2: Treatment. PMID- 3897922 TI - Temporomandibular joint and myofascial pain dysfunction--some current concepts. Part 1: Diagnosis. PMID- 3897924 TI - Requesting a MEDLINE search of the literature. PMID- 3897925 TI - Goals and assessment of diabetic control. PMID- 3897926 TI - Doctrinal deviance in New Zealand medical practice: some historical comments. PMID- 3897927 TI - The German euthanasia programme. PMID- 3897928 TI - Cerebral blood flow in hypertensive patients with cerebrovascular disease: technique for measurement and effect of captopril. AB - Nineteen patients with unilateral cerebrovascular disease underwent cerebral blood flow (CBF) measurements; ten had been receiving conventional therapy and then were studied after treatment with captopril without or with a diuretic and nine on conventional therapy were studied twice as a control group. CBF (ml min 1) was measured after an intravenous injection of 99Tcm-labelled patient's red cells with a computer linked gamma camera over the vertex and a probe over the aorta. With deconvolution analysis regional CBF is given by regional cerebral volume divided by regional mean transit time. Results in the captopril group showed on average a 10% fall in mean blood pressure and a 10% rise in blood flow to the affected hemisphere. In the control group there was on average a 4% fall in pressure, together with an 11% fall in CBF to the affected hemisphere. Captopril appears to maintain autoregulation in cerebrovascular disease. PMID- 3897929 TI - The proper nature of vaginal candidosis and the problem of recurrence. PMID- 3897930 TI - The "real" cost of hospital stays only now becoming apparent to public. PMID- 3897931 TI - The Greeks had a story for it. PMID- 3897932 TI - Effect of administration of BCG, levamisole and irradiated leukemic cells on immune status and remission status in chronic myelogenous leukemia. AB - The immunomodulating effects of bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) and levamisole with and without irradiated autologous leukemic cells were tested in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) after control of white cell count with busulfan. The response has been evaluated with respect to remission period and in vivo and in vitro immunological studies comprising delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity response to recall antigens and dinitrochlorobenzene, T cell and its subsets percentages, T-cell response to phytohemagglutinin, and to leukemia cell extracts by blastogenesis and leukocyte migration inhibition. Patients receiving BCG or levamisole did show marginal prolongation of remission, however immune parameters failed to show any improvement. In contrast, improvements in specific and nonspecific immune parameters were observed in patients receiving BCG or levamisole along with irradiated leukemic cells, however, concomitant clinical benefit was not obtained. Development of a better immunotherapeutic approach appears essential for immunomodulation in CML. PMID- 3897933 TI - Continuous usage of low doses of human leukocyte interferon with contact lenses in herpetic keratoconjunctivitis. AB - 14 patients with primary and recurrent herpetic keratitis were treated with continuous usage of human leukocyte interferon (HLI) at low concentration using therapeutic contact lenses. All patients recovered in a medium-short time of 7 days, including some who had not benefited by previous treatments (idoxuridine, etc.). We conclude that continuous application of HLI increases its effectiveness. PMID- 3897934 TI - Connective tissue changes associated with inferior epiblepharon, epicanthus, and keratoconus. AB - A 34-year-old woman with bilateral inferior epiblepharon, epicanthus, and keratoconus is presented. Biopsies of right upper arm skin, left lower eyelid, and left cornea were sectioned and examined by electron and indirect immunofluorescent microscopy. Pathologic changes in both the skin and cornea were observed. Indirect immunofluorescent techniques showed an increase in fibronectin and procollagen type I in the subcutaneous tissue of the skin and an increase of procollagen type I in the deep dermis of the right upper arm skin and left lower eyelid. Increased amounts of laminin in the basal epithelium of the cornea and of collagen type III in the stroma and subepithelial components of the stroma were observed. Electron microscopy disclosed disordered arrays of collagen fibers in the right upper arm skin and left lower eyelid, and typical changes of keratoconus, with scars in the cornea. Both the cornea and skin had thin fibrillar extensions between collagen fibers. PMID- 3897935 TI - Staging of conjunctival squamous metaplasia by impression cytology. AB - We modified the conventional impression cytology technique for conjunctival study by designing a 24-well Teflon sample holder, using cellulose acetate paper cut in an asymmetrical shape, and introducing Gill's modified Papanicolaou stain. Using this modified technique, we studied 35 normal subjects and 67 patients with various ocular surface disorders, 42 of whom were later found to have squamous metaplasia. Six different cytological stages were defined based on changes of goblet cell density, nucleus, and cytoplasm, encompassing three major steps: (1) loss of goblet cells, (2) increase of cellular stratification or enlargement of superficial cells, and (3) keratinization. This staging system allowed us to correlate pathological changes with clinical findings, and to investigate the action mechanism of squamous metaplasia of conjunctival epithelium. This modified impression cytology technique may help increase understanding of various ocular surface disorders. PMID- 3897936 TI - Pharmacologic therapy of aphakic and pseudophakic cystoid macular edema. 1985 update. AB - Major advances in the pharmacologic therapy of aphakic cystoid macular edema (ACME) have not occurred since 1982. Topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents are still not commercially available for ocular therapy. Topical indomethacin remains the one agent which has been proven to be of prophylactic value for angiographic aphakic cystoid macular edema although other non-steroidal agents may also work. The therapeutic value of these compounds for established ACME remains uncertain. No prospective randomized prophylactic or therapeutic trials of either topical or systemic corticosteroids have been performed. PMID- 3897937 TI - Uveal melanoma presenting after cataract extraction with intraocular lens implantation. AB - Four patients underwent cataract extraction with implantation of intraocular lenses. Preoperative ultrasonography did not include a comprehensive diagnostic B scan analysis. Postoperative examination revealed uveal melanomas. The clinical presentations as well as the histopathologic findings of the two enucleated eyes are discussed. These cases emphasize the necessity for B-scan ultrasonography prior to cataract surgery when media opacity prevents adequate visualization of the fundus. PMID- 3897938 TI - Clinicopathological correlation of a solitary choroidal tuberculoma. AB - In a 34-year-old black man with pulmonary tuberculosis, a rapidly enlarging choroidal tuberculoma progressed to larger size, despite appropriate systemic anti-tuberculous therapy. The eye harboring the tuberculoma became blind and painful, and was subsequently enucleated. Conventional staining of tissue sections revealed a choroidal granuloma without evidence of organisms, but tubercle bacilli were demonstrated by fluorescence microscopy. PMID- 3897940 TI - A simplified cast post and core system. PMID- 3897939 TI - Osseointegrated dental implants. A viable treatment mode. PMID- 3897941 TI - Needle implant. PMID- 3897942 TI - Gentamycin for prophylaxis of bacterial endocarditis: a review for the dentist. AB - New guidelines have recommended that gentamicin in combination with ampicillin be used for prophylaxis of bacterial endocarditis in patients with prosthetic heart valves. This article reviews some of the important and practical considerations for its use by the dentist. Gentamicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic most exclusively reserved for treatment of serious infections caused by gram-negative bacteria in which less toxic antibacterials are ineffective. It has also been shown to be impressive in combination with penicillin in treating high-risk endocarditis patients. All strains of enterococci that are resistant to penicillin plus streptomycin are almost always sensitive to penicillin plus gentamicin. There is minimal absorption into the bloodstream from the gastrointestinal tract after oral administration but rapid absorption after intramuscular injection. Peak serum concentrations appear 30 to 90 minutes after intramuscular injection. The T1/2 is 2 hours, and in normal kidneys 85% to 95% of the drug is excreted within 24 hours by glomerular filtration. Ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity are the most serious toxic effects resulting from gentamicin therapy. The incidence of ototoxicity is about 2%, with affected patients experiencing vestibular effects rather than hearing loss. Nephrotoxicity is usually not seen before the patient has had 5 to 7 days of frequent dosing for treatment of systemic infections; the incidence is 2% to 4%. There are no data to suggest that ototoxicity or nephrotoxicity will occur in the patient given a single intramuscular injection of gentamicin for the prophylaxis of bacterial endocarditis. A single intramuscular or intravenous injection each of ampicillin and gentamicin should provide adequate blood levels for protection in the endocarditis patient for at least 4 to 5 hours.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3897943 TI - Management of a vertically fractured endodontically treated tooth. AB - The case of a vertically fractured endodontically treated tooth in which an amalgam platform was constructed on the root face is presented. A modified post crown was erected on this base. No exploratory endodontic surgery was performed. Over a 2-year follow-up period, neither the clinical nor the radiographic appearance of the tooth had deteriorated. PMID- 3897944 TI - [Changes in serum prostaglandin metabolites in Schonlein-Henoch purpura]. PMID- 3897945 TI - [A turning point in the history of obstetrics in Hungary (on the 51st anniversary of the death of Vilmos Tauffer and 50th anniversary of the Obstetric Registry)]. PMID- 3897946 TI - [40th anniversary of the death of Paul Ranschburg]. PMID- 3897947 TI - [Serum and urinary beta 2 microglobulin in IgA glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 3897948 TI - [Acute hemolytic anemia developing in rubella]. PMID- 3897949 TI - [Remembering Bela Kellner]. PMID- 3897950 TI - [Promoting balneology in Hungary]. PMID- 3897951 TI - [Endre Kovacs Sebestyen, Chief Medical Officer of Hont County]. PMID- 3897952 TI - [Reminiscence on the attending physician of Arpd Toth at the Tatra health resort (in memoriam Dr. Erno Angyalossy)]. PMID- 3897953 TI - [Results of the surgical management of primary aldosteronism based on a retrospective analysis of preoperative diagnosis and morphology of the adrenal gland]. PMID- 3897954 TI - [Inflammatory diseases of the nose and nasal sinuses in children]. AB - Inflammatory diseases in childhood are quite different from those occurring in adults. The reasons are the special physiological, anatomical and immunological factors at the different stages of development. The different diagnostic possibilities (nasal swabs for virological and bacteriological examinations, X ray, sonography, CT, endoscopy of the nose and paranasal sinuses) are discussed and the principles of the conservative and surgical therapy were demonstrated. PMID- 3897955 TI - Defective protective capacity of W/Wv mice against Strongyloides ratti infection and its reconstitution with bone marrow cells. AB - The susceptibility of congenitally anemic, and mast cell deficient W/Wv mice to infection with Strongyloides ratti was examined. After a primary infection, W/Wv mice showed greater and more persistent peak larval counts than did normal littermates. Worm expulsion was also slower in W/Wv mice than in +/+ mice. Furthermore, difference in susceptibility was expressed as early as 24 h after infection, suggesting not only that protective mechanisms of the gut but also of the connective tissue were defective in W/Wv mice. Reconstitution with bone marrow or spleen cells from +/+ mice was effective in restoring the protective response in W/Wv mice, whereas thymocytes or mesenteric lymph nodes had no effect. Both connective tissue and mucosal mast cells were repaired in W/Wv mice after marrow reconstitution and infection. Since relatively long incubation period was required for the expression of such reconstituting activities, bone marrow cells seem to contain precursor cells of the effector and/or regulator cells. PMID- 3897956 TI - Perinatal immune priming in malaria: antigen-induced blastogenesis and adoptive transfer of resistance by splenocytes from rats born of Plasmodium berghei infected females. PMID- 3897957 TI - Pregnancy-induced recrudescences strengthen malarial immunity in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei. AB - A considerable proportion of mice lose acquired immunity to Plasmodium berghei during the first pregnancy. Immune parous mice, however, have a better immune status than virgin mice, the risk of loss of immunity during a subsequent pregnancy is greatly reduced, the capacity to clear parasites is enhanced, and the maintenance of immunity is less dependent on certain splenic functions. The establishment of improved immunity is dependent on the presence of proliferating parasites during the second half of pregnancy when immunosuppression results in recrudescence. Immune reactivity is also improved after a (chemotherapeutically controlled) recrudescent infection provoked by immunosuppressive treatment of immune mice with corticoids or anti-T cell serum. This mimics the situation encountered during pregnancy. Hence, improved immunity after pregnancy is a consequence of a reconfrontation of a suppressed and/or convalescent immune system with proliferating parasites. PMID- 3897958 TI - [Statement of the Antibiogram Committee of the French Microbiological Society]. PMID- 3897959 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of apalcillin in pediatrics]. AB - Apalcillin is a semi-synthetic broad-spectrum penicillin which is particularly active against Pseudomonas. Pharmacokinetic studies were carried out after slow (3 mn) intravenous administration of a single dose of 20 or 30 mg/kg in five categories of infants: premature, dysmature, full term newborn up to 8 days of age, infant aged 8 days to 1 month and infant beyond 1 month. Elimination half lives in these five groups are respectively: 6.83, 5.44, 5.01, 2.28 and 1.28 hours. A decrease in elimination half-life and increase in total clearance are observed as the infant matures. Renal clearance represents a quarter of total clearance suggesting than there is considerable extrarenal clearance. Pharmacokinetic findings beyond one month of age are comparable to those demonstrated in adults. The dysmature infant is characterized by a significantly lower steady-state distribution volume (p less than or equal to 0.025) as compared to the full term neonate. From these results the recommended dosage is: 20 mg/kg twice daily for premature, dysmature and full term neonates up to 8 days, 30 mg/kg twice daily for infants from 8 days to one month of age, and 30 mg/kg three or four times a day for infants above one month of age. PMID- 3897960 TI - [Evaluation of perioperative cefoxitin in the prevention of infectious complications of surgery in cancer of the upper respiratory-digestive tracts]. AB - Twenty-three patients (22 male and 1 female) aged 41 to 70 years (mean age 56.4 years) with cancer of the upper respiratory and digestive tracts were entered into the study prior to a major surgical procedure involving incision of cervical mucous membranes. Participants were randomly assigned either to a control group (10 patients) which received no routine intra or postoperative antibiotics, or to a treatment group (13 patients) given cefoxitin perioperatively. Treated patients were given 30 mg/kg cefoxitin intravenously over 30 mn, one hour before surgery was begun, and 30 mg/kg over one hour, 3 hours and 6 hours after the initial infusion was started. Rate of local infection was 80% (8/10) and 15% (2/10) in the control group and treated group respectively (p less than 0.001). In addition, a significant difference in rates of local complications was found: 7 disjunctions and/or fistulae or pharyngostomes in the control group against one suppuration with disjunction in the treated group. In the treated group, a mean 24.6 day reduction in time lapse to cicatrization was observed. Fever greater than or equal to 39 degrees C occurring or persisting beyond the 48th postoperative hour was also significantly more frequent in the control group (7/10 versus 3/13). In contrast, no significant difference was found between rates of other infectious localizations. Local bacterial flora recovered in both groups before and/or after surgery was unremarkable and prophylactic cefoxitin selected no particular pathogens. PMID- 3897961 TI - [Effect of flash chemoprophylaxis by cefotaxime on the appearance of postoperative bacterial superinfections in surgery of the prostate]. AB - The effect on bacteriologically documented postoperative infection of flash prophylaxis using two intravenous injections of 20 mg/kg cefotaxime each was evaluated in a double blind, randomized trial against placebo. 181 participants free of urinary tract infection prior to surgery had either transurethral prostatic resection (TUR) (n = 90) or open prostatectomy (OP) (n = 91). Urine samples, blood samples, prostate specimens and skin swabs were investigated for pathogens. Rate of urinary tract infection was significantly reduced by cefotaxime (CTX) prophylaxis in both groups. CTX lowered the incidence of early postoperative urinary tract infection from 30% to 4% in TURs and from 46% to 4.5% in OPs. Similarly, a significant difference was demonstrated for incidences of intra and postoperative bacteremia. In open prostatectomy patients, a reduced rate of wound infection and shorter hospital stay were noted in the treated group. Pathogens recovered in this study were Streptococcus (29%), Staphylococcus (20.5%), Enterobacteriaceae (45.75%), Pseudomonas (1.25%), Acinetobacter (3%), and Bacteroides fragilis (0.5%). CTX prophylaxis apparently has no bearing on postoperative emergence of resistant pathogens. Percentage of resistance to CTX in delayed postoperative infections was 33% in the control group and 35% in the treated group. We conclude that flash CTX prophylaxis in transurethral or open prostatectomy is of benefit in reducing morbidity and hospital costs. PMID- 3897962 TI - [Clinical evaluation of cefmenoxime in urinary tract and prostatic infections]. AB - Cefmenoxime, a new cephalosporin, was given to fifty patients (28 male and 22 female) aged 15 to 86 years with infection of the urinary tract or prostate. Urinary tract infections, i.e. cystitis in 20 cases and pyelonephritis in 21, were usually chronic and associated with urologic anomalies. Nine patients had infection of the prostate. Pathogens recovered from the urine were 26 E. coli, 8 Klebsiella, 16 Serratia, 5 Proteus mirabilis or indole-positive Proteus, 1 Providencia, and 4 Pseudomonas. Minimal inhibitory concentrations of cefmenoxime ranged from 0.015 to 64 micrograms/ml (mean MIC: 0.12 micrograms/ml). Cefmenoxime was given as single drug therapy in all patients but one, in a daily dosage of 2 g divided into two intramuscular injections, for 3 to 28 days (average 22 days). Follow-up after discontinuation of treatment was four weeks. Therapeutic results were as follows: 13 successes and 7 failures by relapse for the 20 cystitis patients, 13 successes and 7 failures by relapse for the 20 interpretable cases of pyelonephritis, and 4 successes and 5 failures by relapse for the 9 patients with prostate infection. Local tolerance was excellent. Skin rash in 2 patients and diarrhea in 1 required withdrawal of the drug. Three other patients with diarrhea were able to continue treatment. Intolerance to ingestion of alcoholic beverages was reported by 10 patients. Hypereosinophilia was recorded in 2 cases and a transient mononucleosic reaction in one. No renal of hepatic side effects were documented. PMID- 3897963 TI - [Stability of 8 second or third generation cephalosporins in peritoneal dialysis fluid]. AB - The main complication of chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis is peritoneal infection due to contamination while handling dialysate bags. For this reason antibiotics should be added to the dialysate to prevent infection. Some antibiotics are known to be unstable when dissolved in dialysate. We therefore studied the bactericidal activity of eight second or third generation cephalosporins against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus under conditions similar to in vivo situations. Comparison of killing curves shows that bactericidal activity is unchanged after 24 hours in the dialysis fluid at room temperature. PMID- 3897964 TI - [Rapid ATB. A new system of antibiotic testing in 4 hours. Description and parameters of variation]. AB - Rapid ATB is a new automated system which performs antibiotic sensitivity testing of Enterobacteriaceae in four hours. It is composed of strips containing dehydrated antibiotics and a medium which ensures rapid bacterial growth, and of the equipment required for standardization of the inoculum, reading of results and interpretation. Strains are classified as susceptible or resistant according to the value of the growth index (IC) which is the ratio of growth in the presence of the antibiotic to growth of a control inoculum. Use of this system requires standardization. The main factors to control are state of the culture used to prepare the inoculum, standardization of the inoculum, incubation temperature (35 to 37 degrees C), and duration of incubation (4 to 5 hours). Variations of these factors usually induce significantly delayed growth. Under well standardized conditions, results are highly reproducible, as proved by testing ten strains ten times each by three investigators. PMID- 3897965 TI - [Serum antibacterial activity during antibiotic treatment in automated bacteriology]. AB - The conventional serum-dilution bactericidal test used for monitoring antibiotic therapy in severely infected in patients requires 72 h. Use of an automaton would be expected to provide faster results. We tested the MS-2 diagnostic automaton which performs kinetic analysis of bacterial growth. A relation between exponential growth onset time and initial bacterial concentration of the inoculum was first determined using successive ratio 10 dilutions. Sixty-two serum samples from twenty-one patients with endocarditis or septicemia were examined. A selection of findings is presented. Results of the automatic method and serum dilution bactericidal test are studied comparatively. From our data we define the major advantages of automation: only 0.65 ml of serum and 10 minutes are needed to perform the test and results are obtained in five to twelve hours according to the bacterial strain. This new technique could be integrated in the monitoring protocol of severe infections. PMID- 3897966 TI - [Bronchial diffusion of piperacillin in 18 intensive care patients]. AB - Eighteen patients (13 under mechanical ventilation) in an intensive care unit received piperacillin for pneumonia (7 cases) or bronchial infection (11 cases), related to Haemophilus influenzae (7), Streptococcus pneumoniae (4) or miscellaneous pathogens (7) including Staphylococcus, E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirabilis. Each patient was given 2g piperacillin intravenously every six hours. Concentrations in serum and bronchial secretion samples were assayed by the agar diffusion technique using a susceptible strain of Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633. Maximum concentrations were 157 micrograms/ml in serum and 3.60 micrograms/ml in bronchial secretions. These results are similar to those obtained with the same dosage by 0. Cars in serum (150 micrograms/ml) and by G.E. Marlin in the bronchial secretions (3.78 micrograms/ml). They approximate those published for other penicillins with the same dosage. PMID- 3897967 TI - [Cefmenoxime diffusion into cerebrospinal fluid during human purulent meningitis]. AB - We treated 10 patients with bacterial meningitis by 150 mg/kg/day cefmenoxime divided into six intravenous infusions. CSF samples were taken one hour after an IV on the second and fifth days. CSF cefmenoxime determined by microbiologic assay was 8.3 mg/l on days 2 and 5. Every patient recovered without sequelae. In our opinion, these results may support use of cefmenoxime in bacterial meningitis. PMID- 3897968 TI - [Transplacental transfer of 5 antibiotics by in vitro human placental perfusion]. AB - Transplacental transfer of 5 semi-synthetic penicillins which act on Gram + and Gram - bacteria were studied by in vitro perfusion of the human placenta. These penicillins were: amoxicillin, apalcillin, mezlocillin, piperacillin and ticarcillin. Placental transfer of these 5 antibiotics varies between 5 and 7% of the maternal concentration. Amoxicillin 7,62% - apalcillin 5,66% - mezlocillin 5,4% - piperacillin 7,37% - ticarcillin 4,86%. The reasons for such low transfer and the clinical repercussions of these results are discussed by the authors. PMID- 3897969 TI - [Chronotoxicity of amikacin]. AB - This study addresses circadian variations in the tolerance of mice to a single lethal dose of amikacin. Female mice placed in cages providing constant thermal conditions and lighted from 8 h to 20 h were given a single intraperitoneal injection of 1.6 to 1.9 g/kg amikacin at different times over the 24 hours (8 h, 14 h, 20 h and 2 h) and in two different seasons (november/december and march/april). The number of dead mice was determined every day for seven consecutive days. For a given dose, mortality rate was influenced by the time and season of administration of amikacin. Amikacin toxicity exhibited a peak at 2 h (mean 60%) and nadir at 14 h (mean 47.75%) in november/december, whereas the opposite was true in spring (means 36.6% and 23.3% respectively at 14 h and 2 h). Thus, acute toxicity of amikacin in mice varies throughout the circadian cycle and from season to season. These findings encourage further research in view of achieving optimal use of antibiotics in human clinical practice. PMID- 3897970 TI - [Changes in the antibiotic sensitivity of Haemophilus (H. influenzae and H. parainfluenzae) colonizing the upper respiratory tract of the child]. AB - Haemophilus strains recovered from the upper respiratory tract in children were investigated by three one-month studies, in 1982, 1983 and 1984 respectively. Strains were recovered from nose and throat swabs in children hospitalized in a pediatric department during March/April. H. influenzae and H. parainfluenzae exhibited very different patterns of resistance to antibiotics. Little resistance was found among H. influenzae strains: percentage of ampicillin-resistant (beta lactamase producing) and/or tetracycline-resistant strains did not exceed 4% and showed no change over the three study years. H. parainfluenzae was considerably more resistant, with percentages of strains resistant to one antibiotic or more reaching 25% in 1982 and 1983 and 36% in 1984. Resistance to ampicillin rose from 20-22% in 1982-1983 to 31% in 1984. Resistance to chloramphenicol emerged in 1984 and was found in 4.5% of strains; these strains were also resistant to ampicillin and tetracycline. Resistance to tetracycline was found in 18% of strains in 1983 and in 14% in 1982 and 1984. In 1983, three cases of meningitis due to an ampicillin-resistant strain (one of which was also resistant to chloramphenicol) were seen. Although one type b ampicillin-resistant strain was isolated in this study, such an occurrence seems difficult to predict and strains infecting the upper respiratory tract apparently do not become invasive under normal conditions. The possibility that H. parainfluenzae may be a reservoir of resistance genes for H. influenzae is considered. PMID- 3897971 TI - [Comparison of the growth curves of Escherichia coli and Haemophilus influenzae subjected to ampicillin and amoxicillin]. AB - Results of conventional techniques indicate that most non-beta-lactamase producing Haemophilus influenzae strains are "susceptible" to ampicillin and amoxicillin. A previous study of growth curves established using the MS-2 system has demonstrated a faster bacteriolytic activity on Escherichia coli of amoxicillin as compared to ampicillin. A similar study on Haemophilus influenzae ATCC 9795 showed a) significant residual growth subsequent to contact of cultures with antibiotics in concentrations approximating minimal inhibitory concentrations; b) persistent residual growth for all concentrations from 1 to 500 micrograms/ml, with little concentration-dependency. Concentrations of amoxicillin needed to achieve identical inhibition of Haemophilus growth curves were twice those of ampicillin. PMID- 3897972 TI - [In vitro antibacterial activity of cefodizime (HR 221) on 323 hospital strains of Gram negative bacilli. Comparison with cefotiam, cefoperazone, cefotetan and cefotaxime]. AB - In vitro activity of a new cephalosporin, cefodizime, was investigated by comparison with cefotiam, cefoperazone, cefotetan and cefotaxime. 291 Enterobacteriaceae strains belonging to 6 cephalosporin-resistance phenotypes and 32 strains of oxidative Gram negative bacilli were tested. With modal MICs of 0.25 to 4 mg/l, cefodizime is active on most phenotypes of resistance to first or second generation cephalosporins demonstrated in vitro in Enterobacteriaceae, including strains resistant to cefamandole and intermediate to cefoxitin. Cefodizime fails to inhibit strains resistant to third generation cephalosporins (E. cloacae, C. freundii, P. stuartii), except for those strains of S. marcescens belonging to this phenotype whose modal MIC is 4 mg/l. 85% of all tested Enterobacteriaceae are inhibited by 4 mg/l and 91% by 8 mg/l. Cefodizime exhibits little activity against A. calcoaceticus and P. aeruginosa. Comparison of activities of the five cephalosporins against Enterobacteriaceae shows that cefodizime out-strips cefotiam, cefoperazone and cefotetan as a result of its broader spectrum of activity against tested species. Cefotaxime, on the contrary, proves superior to cefodizime and is still the most potent drug against. A. calcoaceticus whereas cefoperazone has the greatest effectiveness against P. aeruginosa. PMID- 3897973 TI - [Haemophilus influenzae infections in infants and macrolides. Importance of the choice of an effective antibiotic and compliance with its administration schedule]. AB - Five cases of meningitis due to Haemophilus influenzae type b are reported. In four, the same pathogen was recovered from blood. In every case, meningitis developed despite administration of macrolides for ENT infections (4 cases) or pneumonia (1 case). These five observations are conclusive evidence that macrolides failed to prevent meningeal diffusion of Haemophilus influenzae presumptively responsible for the initial focal infection. In vitro activity of macrolides against Haemophilus influenzae is poor. For the treatment of ENT infections in pediatric patients aged 2 months to 5 years, the age group most susceptible to infection by Haemophilus influenzae, we recommend amoxicillin which is more active and bactericidal. An adequate dosage should be used (50 to 100 mg/kg/24 h) divided into four oral doses given at six hour intervals. This therapeutic attitude may need to be revised if the prevalence of beta-lactamase producing H. influenzae strains (5 to 10% as of now) were to increase. In this case, use of an amoxicillin-clavulanic acid combination under the same conditions as outlined above may prove satisfactory. Correct administration of judiciously chosen antibiotics in ENT infections in infants and children is the most effective means of preventing meningitis due to H. influenzae. PMID- 3897974 TI - [Ceftazidime absorption into bronchial secretions in mucoviscidosis patients]. AB - Penetration of ceftazidime into bronchial secretions was studied in 23 patients, of which 18 had cystic fibrosis. Ceftazidime was used as the single drug for treating exacerbations caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Dosage was 6 g/1.73 m2/day divided into three intravenous injections for 14 to 21 days. Bronchial secretion samples were obtained by fiber-optic bronchoscopy or physical therapy. Serum and bronchial secretion ceftazidime concentrations were assayed using a microbiological method. Ceftazidime concentrations in both media were lower in children than in adults : elimination half-life is shorter (1.7 h against 2.45 h in adults), extravascular distribution is faster, with earlier (1 h against 2 h in adults) achievement of the peak bronchial secretion concentration (2 micrograms/ml). The ratio of bronchial secretion concentration to concomitant serum concentration did not exceed 5% at the time of peak bronchial concentration. These results suggest that in cystic fibrosis patients, the faster and lower bronchial penetration of ceftazidime may be due to faster elimination as compared to adults. Although transient elimination of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was achieved in 12 study patients, our findings support the use of higher dosages or alternative administration modalities designed to increase in situ ceftazidime concentrations. PMID- 3897975 TI - [Activity of thiamphenicol in the early stage of syphilis]. AB - Possible activity of thiamphenicol on Treponema pallidum during single-dose treatment of gonococcal infection with 10 tablets of 0.250 mg each was investigated using a new, more accurate method. We found that, under the conditions of our study, thiamphenicol fails to kill T. pallidum, exhibiting only incomplete activity. Thus, thiamphenicol taken during incubation of syphilis may delay or inhibit the emergence of primary manifestations but fails to achieve bacteriologic sterilization of T. pallidum acquired concomitantly with gonococcus. Clinical and serologic evidence of syphilis should therefore be looked for routinely three and six months after treatment. PMID- 3897976 TI - [Sonoluminescence of blood plasma in myocardial infarct]. PMID- 3897977 TI - [Effect of estrogens on insulin biosynthesis and secretion by isolated islands of Langerhans from rats]. PMID- 3897978 TI - [Effect of subdiaphragmatic vagotomy on gastrin and insulin secretion in the rat]. PMID- 3897979 TI - [Nerve regeneration in the rabbit with the use of different types of microsurgical nerve sutures]. PMID- 3897980 TI - [Hemodynamics and liver function in acute heart failure]. PMID- 3897981 TI - [Cytoprotective action of prostaglandins]. PMID- 3897982 TI - Recent advances in cardiac surgery. AB - Virtually all forms of congenital heart disease can be repaired or significantly palliated. The risk of surgery in infancy continues to decline, and many lesions are being routinely repaired at an early age. This may permit an improved functional result later in life. Other recent advances include the arterial switch procedure for transposition of the great arteries, the palliative repair of hypoplastic left heart syndrome, and the increased application of the Fontan procedure in patients with only one effective ventricle. Combined with an ever growing understanding of cardiopulmonary physiology, anatomy, and biochemistry, the future of congenital cardiac surgery is bright and exciting. PMID- 3897983 TI - Advances in pediatric neurosurgery. AB - Pediatric neurosurgery is benefiting greatly from technologic advances in medicine that are enabling earlier and more definitive diagnosis and treatment of a variety of conditions amenable to surgical correction. This article familiarizes the pediatrician with some of the many applications of the new technology as well as some newer concepts of disease management in pediatric neurosurgery. PMID- 3897984 TI - The acute abdomen in children. AB - Evaluation of abdominal pain in children poses a major challenge for the pediatrician and pediatric surgeon alike. Simple appendicitis remains one of the most difficult diagnoses in children. There has been an alarming increase in the incidence of perforated appendicitis, and professional delay has been found to be a factor in this increased rate. Therefore, this discussion focuses on appendicitis and its differential diagnosis. PMID- 3897985 TI - Current thinking on the role of surgery in gastroesophageal reflux. AB - Gastroesophageal reflux is common in infants and children. In most cases it causes little more than inconvenience and remits spontaneously with time and maturation. A small and select group of refluxing children, however, will develop complications of reflux severe enough to justify operative control when medical treatment fails. Recurrent pulmonary infections, obstructive apnea, nutritional wasting, and progressive inflammatory injury to the esophagus all qualify as surgical indications, provided a reasonable cause-effect relationship with reflux can be established. The procedure of choice depends very much upon the skill and experience of the surgeon. The complete fundoplication seems to offer more complete control of reflux, but it has the potential for more frequent and more complicated side-effects. PMID- 3897986 TI - Peritonitis in the newborn--current concepts. AB - The author provides well-detailed discussion of peritonitis in the newborn and draws the following conclusions. Prognosis for neonates with gastrointestinal perforation has considerably improved and will continue to improve. Sepsis remains the primary cause of death, with necrotizing enterocolitis the most common cause of perforation. The characteristic gastrointestinal microflora and innate immunologic deficiency of this population, particularly in the critically ill preterm neonate, require further delineation. PMID- 3897987 TI - Current thinking in transplantation in infants and children. AB - Renal and liver transplantation are now recognized as therapeutic modalities for children with kidney and liver failure. This article reviews the general indications for transplantation, recipient selection, descriptions of the procedures, and the expected outcome of these two procedures in the pediatric setting. PMID- 3897988 TI - Contemporary surgery of biliary atresia. AB - The etiology of biliary atresia is not due to a congenital malformation but rather to a continuing process beginning in utero that affects not only the extrahepatic biliary ducts but also the intrahepatic parenchyma. Over the last decade, the outlook for patients who were previously felt to be uncorrectable has been significantly improved by Kasai's operation. Successful biliary reconstruction depends on early diagnosis and treatment (before three months of age). The essentials of hepatic portoenterostomy consist of excision of the entire extrahepatic duct structure with anastomosis of an intestinal conduit to the area of the transected duct at the liver hilus. After operation, many patients experience complications, including cholangitis, portal hypotension, and vitamin deficiencies. Despite these difficulties, growth and development continue on a relatively normal course, and long-term survival has been accomplished in many children. For those in whom biliary drainage is not achieved or with significant parenchymal damage, liver transplantation should be considered as part of ongoing care. PMID- 3897989 TI - Gastrointestinal hemorrhage in children. A pragmatic update. AB - Gastrointestinal hemorrhage in infants and children is notable for its association with benign disease and its varied, age-dependent etiologies. We have presented these in brief. Much of the information presented, particularly that related to diagnostic endoscopy and sclerotherapy, represents extension of commonly used adult techniques to the pediatric population. Guidelines for resuscitation and diagnosis are provided with the expectation that an individual clinical assessment will lead to modification. Rigidity in approach is to be avoided. Notable recent changes in the management of children with GI hemorrhage are summarized and placed in perspective. PMID- 3897990 TI - Short bowel syndrome in infants and children. AB - This article defines short bowel syndrome and reviews the pathophysiology, medical management, and surgical manipulations proposed to improve intestinal absorption. Emphasis is also placed on possible future methods of management. PMID- 3897991 TI - Abdominal masses in children. AB - The authors examine the effects of ultrasound on the diagnosis and treatment of abdominal masses in children. Some of the newer imaging modalities may also be required on a selective basis. All in all, these modalities have led to a completely new approach to abdominal masses in children. PMID- 3897992 TI - Treatment of burns in children. AB - Decreases in mortality from major thermal injury over the last 20 years have been due to advances in resuscitation, control of infection, support of the hypermetabolic response, and early closure of the burn wound. Of these advances in burn care, early wound closure has progressed the most in the last five years. The restoration of the protective functions of the skin is of primary importance to the recovery of the burn patient. Biologic dressings (pigskin, amnion, human skin allograft) when applied to fully debrided, relatively uncontaminated wounds have been shown to adhere to the wound surface, reduce the wound colony counts, limit fluid and protein loss, reduce pain, and increase the rate of epithelialization over that obtained with application of topical antimicrobial agents. PMID- 3897993 TI - Topics of interest in pediatric orthopedics. AB - This two-in-one article presents an overview of septic arthritis of the hip and school screening for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis--two problems commonly shared by the pediatrician and the pediatric orthopedic surgeon. The importance of aggressive diagnostic measures and treatment for the septic hip is emphasized and the basis for the rationale is given. In the section on scoliosis, the reader is introduced to the "scoliometer," and a rationale for management of most of these children by the primary physician is given. PMID- 3897994 TI - Acquired deep venous thrombosis in children. AB - In this study nine children with an acquired deep venous thrombosis (DVT) are discussed. The condition involved the limbs, pelvis and abdomen and was asymptomatic in five cases. Infection and long-term catheterisation were common predisposing factors. Phlebography was the most common and reliable diagnostic procedure. PMID- 3897995 TI - Ultrasonic demonstration of porto-caval anastomosis in portal hypertension in children. AB - Seventy-one children with portal hypertension and a portocaval anastomosis were studied by ultrasound. The patency of the shunt may be inferred when it directly visualised. There are four indirect signs of patency: (1) decrease of the thickness of the lesser omentum; (2) decrease of the gastro-oesophageal collaterals; (3) decrease of the portal vein size; and (4) increase of the diameter of the inferior vena cava, as compared to pre-operative ultrasound. PMID- 3897996 TI - Rib osteomyelitis in children. Early radiologic and ultrasonic findings. AB - The earliest radiographic changes of osteomyelitis in the long bones is deep seated edema manifesting as soft tissue swelling and obliteration of the intermuscular planes adjacent to the affected bone. Similarly, the early change of rib osteomyelitis is pericostal edema demonstrated by soft tissue swelling of the thoracic wall accompanied by an adjacent inward pleural displacement. In both osteomyelitis of the rib and the long bones, the bony changes will appear 1-2 weeks later. Pericostal edema can be readily diagnosed by ultrasound scan. Pericostal edema, although non specific and can occur in other conditions, yet it is a strong warning sign, set within the overall clinical picture of osteomyelitis. PMID- 3897997 TI - Ultrasound diagnosis of abdomino-pelvic neuroblastoma. AB - Ultrasound scans of 16 children with abdomino-pelvic neuroblastoma (11 adrenal, 5 extra-adrenal) were reviewed to determine their specific features. With large suprarenal masses, renal displacement and distortion are such that differentiation between renal and extrarenal origin relies on other parameters. The typical ultrasound appearance of an adrenal neuroblastoma is a mass greater than 8 cm in diameter, displacing adjacent great vessels anteriorly and to the opposite side. One hundred percent show echogenicity greater than liver, either focally or diffusely. Ultrasound parameters of great vessel displacement and echo texture have been found reliable in distinguishing between neuroblastoma and other loin masses. PMID- 3897998 TI - Antenatal diagnosis of cystic adenomatoid malformation: effect on patient management. AB - Congenital adenomatoid malformation (CAM) of the lung was diagnosed at 30 weeks gestation. The mother presented with preterm labor and polyhydramnios. A complex cystic mass was seen in the right lung of the fetus. Additional radiographic and sonographic investigations prior to delivery allowed differentiation of this rare lesion from other cystic thoracic pathology of the fetal period. Careful hospital obstetric management of the mother and fetus for over 3 weeks allowed the delivery of an infant with adequate pulmonary maturity to permit stabilization and surgery on the baby in the first days of life. PMID- 3897999 TI - Pancreatic lipomatosis in the Shwachman-Diamond syndrome. Identification by sonography and CT-scan. AB - The typical pathological finding in the pancreas of patients with the Shwachman Diamond syndrome is fatty infiltration. In this report it is emphasized that this lipomatosis can be demonstrated by non-invasive techniques, using abdominal ultrasound and CT-scan. PMID- 3898000 TI - Caries resistance in children with chronic renal failure: plaque pH, salivary pH, and salivary composition. AB - We studied properties of saliva and of dental plaque which affect the caries process in an effort to understand the low prevalence of caries in patients with chronic renal failure. Plaque pH, before and following carbohydrate exposure, saliva pH, and saliva composition were evaluated in children and adolescents with chronic renal failure (n = 10) and successful renal transplantation (n = 11), and in two comparison groups of healthy children with few caries (n = 15) and numerous caries (n = 15). Salivary urea nitrogen concentration was elevated in all subjects with elevated serum urea nitrogen concentration. Chronic renal failure subjects had significantly higher salivary urea nitrogen concentration than transplanted subjects. Plaque pH correlated directly with salivary urea nitrogen concentration and was significantly more alkaline in chronic renal failure than transplant or comparison groups. Salivary urea nitrogen concentration accounted for the majority of variability in plaque pH; salivary pH and salivary phosphorous contributed negligibly. Absolute pH drop following carbohydrate exposure did not differ among groups, but because baseline plaque pH was elevated for chronic renal failure subjects, minimum pH did not attain cariogenic levels. Our data support the hypothesis that the relative paucity of caries in patients with chronic renal failure results from alteration of plaque by metabolic end products of urea metabolism. Our data further suggest that transplanted patients whose renal function is normal may be at increased risk of caries, especially if enamel hypoplasia is present and oral hygiene is poor. PMID- 3898001 TI - The effect of captopril on urinary protein excretion in puromycin aminonucleoside nephrosis in rats. AB - We investigated the effect of captopril, an orally active angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, on urinary protein excretion in puromycin aminonucleoside nephrotic rats. The administration of captopril (10 mg/100 g body weight) decreased proteinuria on days 10-14 following the administration of puromycin aminonucleoside (73.0 versus 125.0 mg, p less than 0.01), without affecting glomerular filtration rate. The beneficial effect of captopril was not abolished by the continuous intravenous infusion of angiotensin II (10 micrograms/kg/h for 9 days) or subcutaneous injections of aprotinin (50,000 KIU/day for 3 days). Indomethacin, in moderate (5 mg/kg/day for 3 days) or high (10 mg/kg/day) doses, abolished the captopril attenuation in urinary protein excretion. The salutory effect of captopril was characterized by a reduction in the fractional excretion of protein without compromising the glomerular filtration rate. No difference in renal ultrastructure was noted in captopril-treated versus control animals. Captopril was ineffective in reducing urinary protein excretion in rats with adriamycin-induced glomerulopathy. We conclude that captopril acts to reduce proteinuria in renal disease states arising from depletion of the glomerular basement membrane polyanion. The mechanism of action is postulated to be an alteration in renal hemodynamics, namely increased blood flow and a decrease in the ultrafiltration coefficient, that are the consequence of increased intrarenal prostaglandin production. PMID- 3898002 TI - [Thymosin in the treatment of hypo- and aplastic anemia in children]. PMID- 3898003 TI - [Current theories on the etiopathogenesis of congenital spherocytosis]. PMID- 3898004 TI - [Bone marrow transplantation in lymphoblastic leukemia in children]. PMID- 3898005 TI - Do short children secrete insufficient growth hormone? AB - The 24-hour integrated concentration of growth hormone from 46 children of normal stature was compared with that of 90 short children. Nineteen of the short children had classic growth hormone deficiency by standard pharmacologic growth hormone stimulation tests. Seventy-one children had normal growth hormone responses to stimulation. The mean integrated concentration of growth hormone for children with normal stature (6.6 +/- 1.9 ng/mL) was greater than the mean value for those with normal stimulated growth hormone (3.8 +/- 2.3 ng/mL) and greater than the mean value for those with growth hormone deficiency (1.6 +/- 0.6 ng/mL); differences between groups were all statistically significant (P less than .0001). Forty-five percent of children with normal stimulated growth hormone responses had integrated concentration of growth hormone within the range of values for the group with growth hormone deficiency; this finding may provide the explanation for their poor growth. Thus, patients with normal growth hormone responses have a spectrum of spontaneous growth hormone secretion ranging from normal to impaired. Recent reports indicate that children with normal growth hormone responses who have very low integrated concentration of growth hormone may have the potential to improve their growth with growth hormone therapy. Therefore, use of the integrated concentration of growth hormone may be a more effective method than standard pharmacologic stimulation tests for determining which short children are potentially able to respond to growth hormone therapy. PMID- 3898006 TI - Association of septic shock caused by early-onset group B streptococcal sepsis and periventricular leukomalacia in the preterm infant. AB - Early-onset group B streptococcal sepsis frequently produces shock in preterm infants, a condition also felt to be contributory to the development of periventricular leukomalacia. During a 2-year study period, 628 preterm infants who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit underwent serial sonographic brain scanning; periventricular leukomalacia was diagnosed in eight infants (1.2%). The four infants (100%) who survived group B streptococcal sepsis with septic shock developed periventricular leukomalacia, whereas none of the four survivors (0%) of septic shock caused by other organisms and three of 27 survivors (11%) of shock not caused by infection developed periventricular leukomalacia. Because of the frequency of this lesion, it is suggested that all preterm survivors of group B streptococcal sepsis with septic shock should have serial sonography screening for detection of periventricular leukomalacia. Early detection will not assure cure but may facilitate prognostication, follow-up, and earlier institution of rehabilitative therapy to produce a better outcome. PMID- 3898007 TI - Antenatal sonographic diagnosis of fetal gastrointestinal malformations. AB - Fetal gastrointestinal abnormalities are readily detected by ultrasonography. The presentation, management, and outcome of 17 cases of fetal gastrointestinal and associated anomalies are presented. Antenatal knowledge of these abnormalities can potentially decrease neonatal morbidity and mortality because the appropriate preparations can be made in advance of delivery. PMID- 3898008 TI - Health care and the corridor poor. AB - There is no denying that health care costs have increased at an alarming rate, partially fueled by the increased demand created by programs such as Medicaid. In 1983, the total Federal and state outlays for Medicaid were $35.6 billion. As the 1980s progress, we will see a variety of cost-containment strategies. These will include Medicaid prepaid capitation projects, the initiation of copayments and deductibles, and further tightening of eligibility criteria. However, in our zeal to contain costs, let us not lose sight of or exacerbate the plight of the corridor poor. There are alternatives that will allow us to incorporate the disenfranchised and uninsured during the coming decade. PMID- 3898009 TI - [Treatment of kidney diseases with massive doses of methylprednisolone]. PMID- 3898010 TI - [Treatment of acute bronchiolitis in infants by oral suspension theophylline. Double-blind study in 62 children]. AB - The present study reviews 62 children who where admitted to the department of pediatrics for acute bronchiolitis. We adopted the following therapeutic protocol: treatments were applied randomly and we administered a fast action theophylline solution (Theophylline Bruneau R) or a placebo solution every six hours by oral route or stomach probe at 10 mg/kg between 2 and 6 months, 12 mg/kg between 6 and 12 months and 16 mg/kg between 12 and 24 months. Evaluations of theophylline levels were systematically carried out (immunoenzymatic method) for every infant on day 1, day 3, and day 4 two hours after morning administration and the results studied to see if any changes were necessary. This treatment was well tolerated. Statistical analysis was performed before removal of blind. The homogeneity of the two groups was respected if we considered ages (placebo group: 7.1 months +/- 1.0, theophylline group: 5.6 months +/- 0.6), the initial seriousness as evidenced by hypoxemia (placebo group 61 +/- 2 Torr, theophylline group: 58 +/- 3 Torr) hypercapnia (placebo group: 37.8 +/- 1.0, theophylline group: 35.5 +/- 2) and chest retractions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3898011 TI - [In utero surgical therapy of curable abnormalities]. PMID- 3898012 TI - Bellevue Hospital. New York, July 1934-December 1936. PMID- 3898013 TI - Milk of paradise/milk of hell--the history of ideas about opium. PMID- 3898014 TI - The "Unabridged Webster": a memorial to Salvatore P. Lucia. PMID- 3898015 TI - The new man of medicine in nineteenth-century Britain. PMID- 3898016 TI - Effects of adenosine on renin release from isolated rat glomeruli and kidney slices. AB - Adenosine produced by the macula densa cells in response to changes in the tubular NaCl-concentration has been suggested to inhibit renin release in vivo. In order to test this suggestion we studied: incubated kidney cortical slices (KS) which contain both the macula densa and the entire afferent arteriole; superfused single microdissected glomeruli (LAG) without macula densa but with the afferent arteriole preserved; and superfused batches of selected glomeruli (SAG) containing only the juxtaglomerular cells closest to the glomerulus. For superfusion and incubation a bicarbonate Ringer solution was used. The specificity of the renin release process was validated by measuring adenylate kinase as a marker for cytoplasmatic leak. Adenosine (10 micrograms/ml) halved basal renin release from incubated KS as compared to controls (P less than 0.001, n = 8, 8). Renin release from LAG stimulated by calcium depletion was also inhibited (P less than 0.05, n = 8, 9) whereas basal release was not affected (n = 6, 12). No effect was detected neither on basal nor on calcium stimulated renin release from SAG. We conclude that adenosine inhibits renin release in vitro by a mechanism independent of a functioning nephron, and which involves only the JG cells located in the afferent arteriole at some distance from the glomerulus. PMID- 3898017 TI - [Intra-arterial digital subtraction angiography with non-ionic iso-osmolality contrast medium]. PMID- 3898018 TI - [The Philadelphia chromosome, 25 years later. 1960-1985]. PMID- 3898019 TI - [Evaluation of the performance of Spectrum III]. AB - For 8 months we have studied the performance of the laser flow cytometry system Spectrum III (Ortho Diagnostic Systems). We have investigated problems caused by the setting and the calibration, assessment of the rhythm, the repetitiveness and the contamination, and compared the results obtained with the Spectrum III with those obtained using a fluorescence microscope. As an example of an immunopathological application, we have assessed the results obtained in the analysis of peripheral blood from 20 patients with B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia and 300 suspect AIDS patients. PMID- 3898020 TI - Nucleotide sequences of two serine tRNAs with a GGA anticodon: the structure function relationships in the serine family of E. coli tRNAs. AB - We have determined the nucleotide sequence of the major species of E. coli tRNASer and of a minor species having the same GGA anticodon. These two tRNAs should recognize the UCC and UCU codons, the most widely used codons for serine in the highly expressed genes of E. coli. The two sequences differ in only one position of the D-loop. Neither tRNA has a modified adenosine in the position 3' adjacent to the anticodon. This can be rationalized on the basis of a structural constraint in the anticodon stem and may be related to optimization of the codon anticodon interaction. Comparison of all E.coli serine tRNAs (and that encoded by bacteriophage T4) reveals characteristic (possibly functional) features. Evolutionary analysis suggests an eubacterial origin of the T4 tRNASer gene and the existence of a recent common ancestor for the tRNASerGGA and tRNASerGUC genes. PMID- 3898021 TI - The pathway of E. coli RNA polymerase-promoter complex formation as visualized by footprinting. AB - The pathway of E. coli RNA polymerase-promoter complex formation was probed by characterization of low temperature intermediates at the major coat protein promoter of phage fd DMA. Three different complexes could be distinguished. One of them represents the active 'open' complex, the other two have to be regarded as 'closed'. The promoter contacts of the lower temperature complexes were totally comprised within the contacts of the higher temperature complexes. Increase in temperature led to extension of contacts into the downstream direction, while the upstream border of the complexes remained virtually unchanged. Only in the 'open' complex contacts were extended beyond the start site of transcription. PMID- 3898022 TI - A labour of love. Interview by Ruth Devlin. PMID- 3898023 TI - Infanticide: lambs to the slaughter. PMID- 3898024 TI - A new history of nursing. The state of the art. PMID- 3898025 TI - Bone marrow transplant. PMID- 3898026 TI - Education. Making the most of computers. PMID- 3898027 TI - Midwifery. Giving birth in 1872. PMID- 3898028 TI - Cyclosporin A: use in preventing graft versus host disease. PMID- 3898029 TI - Occupational exposure of nursing personnel to antineoplastic agents. PMID- 3898030 TI - Promoting the responsible handling of antineoplastic agents in the community. PMID- 3898031 TI - The effects of music therapy and guided visual imagery on chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting. PMID- 3898033 TI - Long-term continuing education programs in cancer nursing. PMID- 3898032 TI - Selected concepts of cancer as a disease: from 1900 to oncogenes. PMID- 3898034 TI - Clinical relevance of physical, chemical, and bonding properties of composite resins. PMID- 3898035 TI - Flecainide: a new prototype antiarrhythmic agent. AB - Flecainide acetate is the first class IC antiarrhythmic agent marketed in the United States. In vitro, animal and human studies have shown that the drug markedly prolongs conduction and has minimal effect on repolarization. Efficacy trials have shown flecainide to be effective in a wide range of ventricular and selected atrial arrhythmias. The drug is generally well tolerated, although minor adverse effects are common. These generally are related to the central nervous system and respond to a reduction in dosage. Like other antiarrhythmic agents, flecainide may demonstrate proarrhythmic effects. It is excreted in the urine as the parent compound and inactive metabolites. The elimination half-life ranges from 12-27 hours in patients with normal renal function, allowing convenient dosing regimens of 100-200 mg twice daily in most patients. Flecainide has the potential for widespread use. PMID- 3898036 TI - Antibiotic irrigations. A plea for controlled clinical trials. AB - Although the medical literature describes the perioperative use of antibiotic irrigations in abdominal, pelvic, orthopedic and vascular surgery, the lack of well-designed and executed, controlled clinical studies often precludes a definitive assessment of the value of this technique. Future randomized, double blind, controlled clinical trials are required to establish its merit. In this age of cost consciousness, lavages with antibiotic solutions cannot at present be regarded as conventional medical therapy. PMID- 3898037 TI - [Trp7,Leu8]LH-RH in reptilian brain. AB - Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) immunoreactive peptides in acetic acid extracts of lizard (Cordylis nigra) brain were studied by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and radioimmunoassay with region-specific antisera. Four different LH-RH immunoreactive peptides were detected. The major form co eluted with salmon brain LH-RH, [Trp7,Leu8]LH-RH, in a cation exchange and three reverse phase HPLC systems which were specifically designed to separate a range of LH-RH analogues. The interaction of this major LH-RH immunoreactive peptide with a number of antisera directed against different regions of mammalian, chicken and salmon LH-RH was similar to the relative interaction of [Trp7,Leu8]LH RH with these antisera. These data strongly indicate that the major form of lizard brain LH-RH is identical to salmon brain LH-RH [( Trp7,Leu8]LH-RH). The three additional molecular forms of immunoreactive LH-RH in lizard brain appear to differ from mammalian LH-RH in the middle to C-terminal region of the molecule. PMID- 3898038 TI - Synaptology of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone neurons in rat preoptic area. AB - The ultrastructural appearance of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) immunoreactive elements was studied in the medial preoptic area (MPOA) of adult male Fischer 344 rats. The purpose of the study was to determine the distribution and morphology of innervation of the LHRH neuron. Although not numerous, both axo somatic and axo-dendritic synapses were present and generally of the asymmetric (Gray's II) category. Analyses of 56 profiles of 11 separate perikarya revealed only 7 axo-somatic terminals. The synaptic input to LHRH dendrites was a fraction of that to non-identified dendrites in the same electron micrographic fields; 0.4% of LHRH dendritic membrane was in synaptic contact compared to 6.6% of nonidentified dendritic membrane. In addition to receiving an input, LHRH processes were also seen to make synapses onto non-immunoreactive elements. Close examination of this material for evidence of contact between LHRH elements revealed two clear examples of synaptic interaction and several instances of close association in which no other elements intervened. PMID- 3898039 TI - Distribution of neurotensin-like immunoreactivity in rat and cat area postrema. AB - The distribution of neurotensin-like immunoreactive (NT-LI) fibers and cell bodies in the area postrema (AP) of rat and cat, utilizing the peroxidase, antiperoxidase (PAP) technique, is described. In the rat, the greatest accumulation of NT-LI fibers were present along the borders of the AP, while there were very few NT-LI fibers in central regions. In the cat, scattered NT-LI fibers occupied the majority of the central AP, while moderate numbers of NT-LI fibers were present at the ventromedial border. In more rostral cat AP levels, the number of NT-LI fibers decreased. NT-LI somata were present in rat AP, but were lacking in cat AP. The localization of NT within the AP suggests that the cardiovascular and gastric effects attributed to NT may be mediated, in part, through the AP. PMID- 3898040 TI - Methods for the isolation of viable gonadotropin-releasing hormone (LRF) neurons. AB - Studies were conducted in order to determine if selected neurons could be isolated from the brain using Sepharose-linked recognition complexes directed against or related to the biosynthetic/neurosecretory product of the desired neuronal population. Immunoreactive LRF neurons were precipitated when dispersed cells of adult male rats were incubated successively in media containing free LRF antiserum followed by the exposure of LRF bound to Sepharose-4B. The radioimmunoassayable LRF content of the isolated cells was 88% of that contained in fresh frozen tissue of a contemporary group of rats and trypan blue exclusion indicated that at least 85% of the neurons were viable. Furthermore, based on immunocytochemistry and cresyl violet staining in combination with immunocytochemistry, the isolated cell fraction appeared to be free from other types of cells and also exhibited assayable LRF release when challenged with potassium. These results suggest that the neuroendocrine properties of hypothalamic neurons may be exploited in order to isolate viable cells for acute in vitro experiments. PMID- 3898041 TI - UVA photosensitivity in photosensitive bullous disease of chronic renal failure. AB - 3 chronic renal failure patients with bullous skin disease are reported. Only 1 was on maintenance hemodialysis, but all were on frusemide. Porphyrin studies failed to show classical porphyric disease. The 3 patients tested showed low minimal etyrhema doses (MED) to ultraviolet A (UVA) but normal threshold to ultraviolet B (UVB). PMID- 3898042 TI - The Candida phototoxicity test. The sensitivity of different strains and species of Candida, standardization attempts and analysis of the dose-response curves for 5- and 8-methoxypsoralen. AB - The purpose of this study was to answer the question as to whether PUVA sensitivity of different Candida strains and species varies, to investigate the possibilities for standardization of the test and to produce calibration curves suitable for an approximate quantification of psoralens in plants. In the test, paper discs with different concentrations of 5- or 8-MOP in ethanol 60% were placed on yeast-seeded Sabouraud-agar dishes that were irradiated with UVA. The results were based on the diameter of growth inhibition zones. Small but significant differences in sensitivity were found between the 12 Candida strains tested, somewhat greater between the 15 species. Standardization of the method implies the use of the same test organism, depth of agar, time of pre-diffusion, medium, solvent and method for application of psoralen-extract and UVA dose. Dose response curves for 5-MOP and 8-MOP obtained under standardized conditions demonstrated a linear relationship between the diameter of growth inhibition zones and the logarithm of the psoralen concentration in the range from 1 to 400 micrograms/ml. They were suitable for estimating the content of ethanolsoluble phototoxic substances in terms of 5- or 8-MOP equivalences. PMID- 3898043 TI - UV radiometry in dermatology. AB - UV radiometry in photodermatology remains in an unsatisfactory state, which has been highlighted and, in some respects, worsened by improvements in UV detector technology. Complex, fundamental problems are involved, but matters have not been helped by a failure to recognize the clear distinction between those UV measurements which aim at accurate radiometry, and those which aim only at long term consistency in a particular irradiation technique within a department. PMID- 3898044 TI - A histological and immunoenzymatic study on the histogenesis of "giant cell tumor of bones". AB - We carried out a prospective histologic and immunoenzymatic study, using lysozyme and AI-antichymotrypsin, of 15 well documented cases of giant cell tumors of bones. The histologic appearance of the majority of the tumors was characterized by great pleomorphism. The predominant histologic patterns could be classified as either fibroblastic or histiocytic. Mitoses were seen exclusively on stromal mononuclear cells. All tumors showed positive marking with both lysozyme and AI antichymotrypsin. The enzymatic activity was more pronounced in areas of conventional histology and appeared as coarse orange-brown granules in the cytoplasm of many mononuclear and multinucleated giant cells. Enzyme-positive cells were less frequently found in fibroblastic areas of the tumor and especially in areas with minimal differentiation. The results indicate that giant cell tumor of bones may result from the neoplastic proliferation of mononuclear cells which in many areas of the tumor differentiate to either fibroblasts or histiocytes. Thus, giant cell tumor of bones may be analogous to fibrohistiocytic tumors of soft tissues. PMID- 3898045 TI - Reliability of cytological grading of prostatic carcinoma compared with histological grading. AB - Thirty prostatic carcinomas diagnosed simultaneously by fine needle aspiration cytology and punch biopsy were graded into three groups according to their cytological and histological appearances. Among them 23 carcinomas were graded equally by both methods. Cytological examination appears to be suitable for grading prostatic carcinoma, thus being a possible indicator of the patient's prognosis and response to hormonal therapy. In addition to the results obtained here, fine needle aspiration cytology has many advantages such as simplicity, quickness and safety. With increase of attention of urologists and pathologists to fine needle aspiration cytology, this evaluation will become comparable to the histological examination not only as a routine diagnostic tool. PMID- 3898046 TI - Histiocytosis: nosology and pathobiology. AB - The histiocytoses represent a heterogeneous group of conditions. Their common denominator is the proliferation and the activation of the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS). On the basis of recent advances in the knowledge of the distribution, biology, and behavior of the MPS, the following classification is proposed. Reactive and secondary histiocytoses related either to a chronic parasitic intracellular infection or to a patent or latent immunodeficiency state. Some well-established conditions belong to this category--i.e., familial lympho-histiocytosis, cytophagic sinus histiocytosis, Omenn's reticulosis. The dystrophic histiocytoses associated with the storage of either exogenous or endogenous material. It is prudent to separate the storages of homogeneous and chemically defined lipid material (such as cerebroside, sphingomyelin, etc.) from those of heterogeneous lipid material. Proliferative histiocytoses: it is crucial to distinguish the malignant histiocytosis from the histiocytosis X, which seems to be associated with a nonmalignant proliferation of a subpopulation of the MPS, the Langerhans cell system. PMID- 3898047 TI - The familial histiocytoses. AB - Several rare disorders characterized by histiocytic hyperplasia are inherited as single-gene Mendelian traits. These familial forms of histiocytosis are heterogeneous and can be clearly distinguished from each other by clinical and genetic criteria. The genetic nature of these disorders can lead to familial recurrence and thus necessitates their distinction from the classical reticuloendothelioses. The clinical manifestations and modes of inheritance of the various familial histiocytoses are reviewed. PMID- 3898048 TI - [Role of immunological response of the cellular type in the protection of the body against Treponema pallidum infection]. PMID- 3898049 TI - [Synthesis of Vitamin D in the skin]. PMID- 3898050 TI - Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation. A dynamic force in the health science industry. PMID- 3898051 TI - The road to worldwide prominence in medicine and research. Furthering Miss Scripps' mission. PMID- 3898052 TI - Sporotrichosis, a hazard of outdoor work or recreation. Three illustrative cases. AB - Persons whose work or recreation exposes them to minor trauma out of doors are at risk for sporotrichosis. The disease is generally indolent, with the lymphocutaneous form being by far the commonest. Extracutaneous disease may affect the bones or joints, lungs, or other foci. Isolation of the fungus Sporothrix schenckii from involved tissue establishes the diagnosis. Saturated solution of potassium iodide is the first-line treatment of lymphocutaneous disease. Intravenous amphotericin B is used for lesions not responding to saturated solution of potassium iodide and, occasionally, excision of lesions is required. Amphotericin B also is the treatment of choice for extracutaneous sporotrichosis. PMID- 3898055 TI - Disseminated cryptococcosis in a patient receiving chronic haemodialysis. AB - Systemic infection with Cryptococcosis neoformans is described in a young man receiving maintenance haemodialysis. The organism was identified in thin sections of a cervical lymph node using resin embedding and silver staining. There were no predisposing factors other than uraemia. His clinical infection responded to the combination of oral 5-flucytosine and a total of 2.5 g of intravenous amphotericin B. He remains free of relapse after 30 months. PMID- 3898053 TI - Is there an ideal antiarrhythmic drug? A review--with particular reference to class I antiarrhythmic agents. PMID- 3898054 TI - Cardiogenic shock. PMID- 3898056 TI - Ultrasound in obstetrics. PMID- 3898057 TI - [Ultrasonic diagnosis of the thorax]. PMID- 3898058 TI - [Self and other perception of parents with a psychosomatically ill child in the Giessen Test]. PMID- 3898059 TI - [Concepts of index patients and their siblings about their families. Comparison of family structures based on some results from 2 child projective tests (Family Relations Test and Family Interaction Test)]. PMID- 3898060 TI - [Status of psychological development of children studied. Evaluation of the Magic Family Test with special reference to aggression]. PMID- 3898061 TI - [Comparative study of psychosocial arrangement: evaluation of family interviews and team discussions. Two-child families with asthmatic, colitis or neurotic index children]. PMID- 3898062 TI - Gel electrophoretic procedures potentially applicable to the isolation of human growth hormone from a transformed bacterial source at the gram-preparative scale. AB - A crude bacterial extract containing approximately 4 mg/ml protein, 25% of which was human growth hormone (hGH), was subjected to two alternative gel electrophoretic isolation procedures, designated I and II. Procedure I exploits the high electrophoretic net mobility (RM larger than 0.127) at pH 7.6, 0 degrees C, of the bacterial contaminants relative to hGH. This allows one to stack the contaminants at a protein load of 31.5 mg/cm2 of gel, using a "non-restrictive" gel concentration. Unstacked hGH is collected from the gel section between 0.3 and 0.6 of relative gel length and extracted electrophoretically as described previously. Alternatively, the unstacked hGH was concentrated on the gel by dispatching a second moving boundary behind the original stack ("re-stacking") and a gel section (relative gel length 0.45 to 0.6) between the two moving boundaries was excised and subjected to electrophoretic extraction. The yield of hGH ranged from 70 to 82%, and its purity (weight/Lowry) ranged from 86 to 115%. Procedure II exploits the high electrophoretic net mobility (RM larger than 0.064) at pH 10.5, 0 degrees C, of hGH relative to its bacterial contaminants at a gel concentration of 9 %T, 2 %CBis, at a protein load of 2.5 mg/cm2 of gel. The selectively stacked hGH is collected by preparative elution-PAGE, using an apparatus with 17.6 cm2 gel surface area. The yield of hGH was 90% and its purity ranged from 84-92%. PMID- 3898063 TI - Isolation of major proteins from boar sperm plasma membranes by preparative gel electrophoresis and localization of a major polypeptide using specific monoclonal antibodies. AB - A preparative procedure using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-D PAGE) is described for isolating major boar sperm plasma membrane polypeptides (PMPs) in soluble form. Proteins were first separated on 6 mm diameter gels using a pH gradient expanded in the acidic region. The second dimension used 6 mm thick, 10% acrylamide gels. Major proteins identified by Coomassie staining were excised and electroeluted. The procedure was applied to the isolation of a group of proteins in the molecular weight range 40K-50K which comprise a major fraction of the total integral membrane protein in these cells (groups 4 and 5). Yields of electrophoretically pure soluble polypeptides from these groups were between 0.3 mg - 0.5 mg from the processing of 16 gels per week. Electroeluted proteins were also used to elicit monoclonal antibodies to major proteins. Monoclonal antibodies to the major plasma membrane protein referenced as 4.85 were isolated and shown to be specific to this protein by transblotting procedures. This protein was primarily localized over the anterior portion of the principal segment of ejaculated sperm by indirect FITC fluorescence microscopy. The ability to isolate 60-100 mg of plasma membranes per week from the cauda epididymides of boars also permitted developing a procedure for the rapid fractionation of large amounts of detergent solubilized plasma membranes by isoelectric focusing in flatbeds of Biogel P200. For the first time, individual proteins of sperm surface proteins can be isolated in large enough amounts to begin detailed biochemical characterization, localization, and functional testing. PMID- 3898064 TI - Bacteriology in juvenile periodontitis. A review. PMID- 3898065 TI - Cloning and expression of the 1.3S biotin-containing subunit of transcarboxylase. AB - We have cloned the gene coding for the 1.3S biotin-containing subunit of transcarboxylase (EC 2.1.3.1) from Propionibacterium shermanii. Transcarboxylase is a well-characterized enzyme composed of 30 polypeptides of three different types: twelve 1.3S biotinyl subunits, six 5S dimeric outer subunits, and one 12S hexameric central subunit. In propionic acid fermentation, the enzyme catalyzes the transfer of a carboxyl group from methylmalonyl-CoA to pyruvate in two partial reactions. The 1.3S subunit binds the outer and central subunits of the enzyme together, and its biotin serves as carboxyl carrier between subsites on the central and outer subunits where each partial reaction occurs. The cloned gene has been expressed in Escherichia coli, and the 1.3S subunit accumulates to 7% of total cellular protein. The foreign protein is recognized and biotinated by biotin holoenzyme synthetase of E. coli. The identifications of the gene and its product were confirmed by four independent approaches: DNA sequence analysis, immunoprecipitation, incorporation of labeled biotin, and measurement of enzymatic activity in the first partial reaction. PMID- 3898066 TI - Penicillin binding proteins: role in initiation of murein synthesis in Escherichia coli. AB - The consequences of the specific inhibition of penicillin binding proteins (Pbps) by beta-lactam antibiotics immediately before resumption of active growth in Escherichia coli suggest that inhibition of murein biosynthesis does not prevent the earlier steps of the initiation of cell growth in mass. The activity of Pbp 2 is apparently critical for the initiation of murein biosynthesis. Provided that Pbp 2 remains active, the other Pbps (1a, 1b, 3, 4, 5, and 6) can be inhibited without any noticeable effect on the initial rate of incorporation of new precursors into macromolecular peptidoglycan. These precursors are, in addition, inserted with a high degree of cross-linkage. PMID- 3898067 TI - Translational efficiency of the Escherichia coli adenylate cyclase gene: mutating the UUG initiation codon to GUG or AUG results in increased gene expression. AB - Roy et al. [Roy, A., Haziza, C. & Danchin, A. (1983) EMBO J. 2, 791-797] established that translation of Escherichia coli adenylate cyclase initiates at a UUG codon, and they suggested this might decrease the efficiency of translation. We investigated the effect of varying the initiation codon on the expression of the adenylate cyclase (cya) gene. Using oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis, we changed the UUG initiation codon to GUG and the more common initiator AUG and assayed for cya gene expression in a number of ways. First, the GUG initiation codon, in place of UUG, doubled cya expression when cya was expressed from the dual cya P1/P2 promoters. The corresponding AUG codon construct was nonviable. Second, when the cya gene was placed under the transcriptional control of the thermoinducible phage lambda PL promoter, the relative amounts of cya gene product were 1:2:6 for the UUG, GUG, and AUG initiation codons, respectively. Finally, the cya P2 promoter, Shine-Dalgarno sequence, and the DNA corresponding to the first 86 codons of cya were fused to DNA encoding the E. coli galactokinase gene beginning at the second codon. The relative amounts of the fusion polypeptides, which had galactokinase activity, were 1:2:3 for the UUG, GUG, and AUG initiation codons, respectively. These results demonstrate that the cya UUG initiation codon limits cya expression at the level of translation. PMID- 3898068 TI - Cloning, expression in Escherichia coli, and reconstitution of human myoglobin. AB - A full-length cDNA clone for human myoglobin has been isolated from a human skeletal muscle cDNA library. The clone as isolated has a cDNA insert approximately one kilobase long and has 5' and 3' untranslated regions of approximately 80 and 530 base pairs, respectively. The sequence of the translated region corresponds exactly to that predicted for human myoglobin. The cDNA was expressed in high yield in Escherichia coli as a fusion protein consisting of the first 31 amino acids of the phage lambda cII gene, the tetrapeptide Ile-Glu-Gly Arg, and the myoglobin sequence by following the approach of Nagai and Thogersen [Nagai, K. & Thogersen, M. C. (1984) Nature (London) 309, 810-812]. The fusion product was isolated, reconstituted with heme, cleaved with trypsin, and purified to generate a protein whose properties are indistinguishable from those for authentic human myoglobin. Myoglobin can be readily prepared on a gram scale by using these methods. PMID- 3898069 TI - Sterol control of the phosphatidylethanolamine-phosphatidylcholine conversion in the yeast mutant GL7. AB - The relatively slow growth rate of the yeast mutant GL7, a sterol auxotroph, on medium containing cholesterol is markedly accelerated by supplementation with small amounts of ergosterol. Under these conditions (sterol synergism) cellular phospholipid synthesis is enhanced. We now find that one of the ergosterol stimulated processes is the methylation of phosphatidylethanolamine to phosphatidylcholine. This is shown by comparing methyltransferase activities of membrane preparations derived from cells grown on either ergosterol, cholesterol, or the synergistic sterol pair. Incorporation of 32P from [gamma-32P]ATP into the yeast membranes is rapid and greater when ergosterol-grown cells rather than cholesterol-grown cells are the source of membranes. PMID- 3898070 TI - Amino acid sequence of the heat-stable inhibitor of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase from rabbit skeletal muscle. AB - The amino acid sequence of rabbit skeletal muscle heat-stable inhibitor of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase has been determined by microsequencing techniques. Proof of the structure involved a series of nonoverlapping tryptic fragments for primary identification of 86% of the amino acids. Complementary fragments generated by cleavage with chymotrypsin, Staphylococcus aureus V8 proteinase, and mast cell proteinase II contributed to proof of the structure. The inhibitor is a single polypeptide chain of 75 residues and has a molecular weight of 7829. It lacks tryptophan, proline, and sulfur-containing amino acids. The amino terminus of the inhibitor is blocked by an unidentified group. The amino-terminal region of the molecule contains the kinase inhibitory domain, and synthetic peptides based on the sequence of residues 11-30 are potent competitive inhibitors of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase [Scott, J. D., Fischer, E. H., Demaille, J. G. & Krebs, E. G. (1985) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82, 4379-4383]. Residues 14-22 show considerable homology to the "hinge-regions" of the regulatory subunits of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase. The remainder of the molecule shows no similarity to the known amino acid sequence of any protein. PMID- 3898071 TI - Mr 205,000 sulfoglycoprotein in extracellular matrix of mouse fibroblast cells is immunologically related to high molecular weight microtubule-associated proteins. AB - Rabbit antibodies raised against microtubule-associated protein 1 (MAP-1) from hog brain were found to crossreact with extracellular matrix components of mouse BALB/c 3T3 cell cultures. As shown by immunofluorescence microscopy of confluent cell cultures, the extracellular MAP-related antigen was located on dense fibrillar network arrays underlying and surrounding the cells. The immunoreactive material was sensitive to trypsin but resistant to collagenase. The microtubule disrupting drug colcemid had no visible effect on the morphology of the anti-MAP stained network, whereas treatment with cytochalasin B provoked its abolishment. Simian virus 40-transformed BALB/c 3T3 cells expressed considerably less extracellular antigen than did the nontransformed cells. After in vivo radiolabeling of BALB/c 3T3 cells, a secreted polypeptide of Mr 205,000 was isolated by immuno-precipitation from culture media as well as from cell-free extracellular matrices. This antigen was identified as a sulfoglycoprotein, noncollageneous in nature, that undergoes intermolecular disulfide bonding. Anti MAP-1 antibodies affinity-purified on the extracellular Mr 205,000 protein were immunoreactive with MAP-1 and MAP-2 from brain and decorated cytoplasmic microtubules as demonstrated by immunoblotting and immunofluorescence microscopy. Thus, a structural relationship between cytoskeletal and extracellular polypeptides is demonstrated. PMID- 3898072 TI - Heparin-treated, v-myc-transformed chicken heart mesenchymal cells assume a normal morphology but are hypersensitive to epidermal growth factor (EGF) and brain fibroblast growth factor (bFGF); cells transformed by the v-Ha-ras oncogene are refractory to EGF and bFGF but are hypersensitive to insulin-like growth factors. AB - Chicken heart mesenchymal cells do not proliferate in culture medium containing heat-defibrinogenated plasma but proliferate briskly when incubated with epidermal growth factor (EGF) or brain fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) plus insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) or when infected with sarcoma or erythroblastosis viruses. When infected with the retrovirus MC29, which bears a v myc oncogene, chicken heart mesenchymal cells proliferate at a more modest rate and become morphologically transformed. Heparin at 25 microgram/ml causes these MC29-transformed cells to become proliferatively quiescent and to assume a normal morphology. Heparin-treated MC29-infected cells are, however, 100 times more sensitive to EGF than are their normal, uninfected counterparts. MC29-infected cells appear, likewise, to be hypersensitive to bFGF and to PDGF preparations but not to insulin. We hypothesize, therefore, (i) that heparin prevents the generation by cells of a mitogen from plasma protein precursors in the culture medium; (ii) that the v-myc oncogene renders cells hypersensitive to EGF, bFGF, PDGF, and the putative plasma-protein-derived mitogen; and (iii) that MC29 infected cells must proliferate in order to manifest the transformed morphology. Chicken heart mesenchymal cells infected with a recombinant spleen necrosis virus containing a v-ras oncogene are morphologically transformed but proliferate only sluggishly in plasma-containing medium without added mitogenic hormones. Heparin does not significantly affect their behavior. They are refractory to mitogenic stimulation by EGF or bFGF suggesting that ras proteins mediate the effects of receptors for these hormones. The SNV/v-ras-infected cells proliferate briskly, however, in response to hyperphysiological concentrations of insulin, an IGF surrogate, and are considerably more sensitive to this IGF mitogenicity than are their normal, uninfected counterparts. PMID- 3898073 TI - Molecular cloning of staphylococcal enterotoxin B gene in Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. AB - We have cloned the Staphylococcus aureus entB gene in Escherichia coli, using pBR322 as the vector plasmid; however, no detectable staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) was produced by the E. coli clones. When the entB gene was placed downstream from the strong lambda phage promoter, PR, SEB was synthesized at readily detectable levels in E. coli. Interestingly, mature SEB was almost exclusively present in the cytoplasmic fraction. The SEB precursor was found associated with the cell membrane. The entB gene was introduced back into S. aureus, and the clones were shown to produce SEB. The entB gene has been located to a 2.1-kilobase-pair region. Maxam-Gilbert sequencing of a part of the entB gene yielded a DNA sequence that corresponds to the known amino acid sequence of SEB. Southern hybridization experiments showed that the entB gene was present on identical restriction fragments in the chromosomes of SEB-producer strains. The entB gene is absent from SEB-nonproducer strains. PMID- 3898074 TI - Control of yeast alpha-specific genes: evidence for two blocks to expression in MATa/MAT alpha diploids. AB - In yeast alpha cells, the product encoded by the MAT alpha 1 gene of the mating type locus is required for transcription of at least two genes, STE3 and MF alpha 1. To learn whether the lack of the MAT alpha 1 product in a and a/alpha cells is sufficient to explain the failure to express STE3 and MF alpha 1 in these cells, we have provided MAT alpha 1 product via a hybrid gene that circumvents the normal regulation of the MAT alpha 1 gene. We find by RNA blot analysis that provision of MAT alpha 1 protein permits production of STE3 and MF alpha 1 mRNA in a cells but not in a/alpha cells. These data suggest the existence of an additional regulatory mechanism that prevents expression of alpha-specific genes in a/alpha cells, even when MAT alpha 1 product is present. This regulatory mechanism appears to control expression of STE3 and MF alpha 1 at the transcriptional level rather than at the posttranscriptional level, because we show that MF alpha 1 mRNA supplied from a constitutive promoter is translated and processed in a/alpha cells to yield functional alpha-factor pheromone. This result shows further that a/alpha cells possess all the machinery necessary for pheromone maturation, even though these cells do not normally carry out these reactions. PMID- 3898075 TI - Two-micrometer circle site-specific recombination: the minimal substrate and the possible role of flanking sequences. AB - The 2-mum circle DNA of yeast encodes a site-specific recombination system (FLP recombination). The recombination region had been mapped earlier to a 65-base pair (bp) segment within the 599-bp-long inverted repeats of the molecule. I have shown that the "minimal" FLP substrate resides in a 13-bp dyad symmetry plus an 8 bp core located within the 65-bp recombination region. Further, as determined by different in vivo assays, sequences extraneous to the minimal FLP site and the 65 bp recombination region can affect the efficiency of the recombination reaction. PMID- 3898076 TI - Mini-F plasmid-induced SOS signal in Escherichia coli is RecBC dependent. AB - Dispensable replicons such as F plasmid [95 kilobases (kb)] or its mini derivatives such as mini-F (9.3 kb) or lambda mini-F efficiently induced cellular SOS genes such as sfiA (sulA) when they were damaged by UV irradiation and then introduced into a recipient bacterium. To generate an SOS signal, UV light damaged mini-F or mini-F conditional mutants deficient in replication required that the bacterial RecBC enzyme retained some activity different from the nuclease activity that was dispensable. In contrast, UV light-damaged F plasmid produced an SOS signal independently of the activity of the RecBC enzyme and of the expression of the mini-F, -H, and -G proteins. Our findings are consistent with a picture in which the SOS signal is constituted by stretches of single stranded DNA on a replicon. Moreover, our present data combined with other data previously published lead to the hypothesis that the SOS signal induced by mini-F plasmid is located in trans on the host chromosome, whereas the one generated by UV light-damaged F plasmid is in cis on the transferred DNA. PMID- 3898077 TI - Differential expression of distinct microtubule-associated proteins during brain development. AB - The levels of three different microtubule-associated proteins (MAP1, -2, and -3) in brain were found to undergo large changes during postnatal development. MAP1 was barely detectable at birth but thereafter steadily increased, reaching adult levels by postnatal day 20 (P20). Both MAP2 and MAP3 showed differential expression patterns of their component peptides. At birth, MAP2 was represented by the smaller of two Mr 280,000 peptides (MAP2b) and three antigenically related Mr 70,000 peptides. The larger of the Mr 280,000 peptides (MAP2a) first appeared between P10 and P20, and the Mr 70,000 components disappeared at the same time. Of the two MAP3 peptides, the larger (MAP3a) was present in the late embryo, several days before MAP3b appeared. Between P10 and P20, both MAP3 components underwent a striking decrease in abundance (a factor of 10), which correlated with their disappearance from all neuronal compartments except neurofilament containing axons. These developmental changes in expression are different and characteristic for each of the three MAPs, yet in each case they are detectable in brain homogenates, indicating that they occur concurrently throughout the brain. PMID- 3898078 TI - Cloning and expression in Escherichia coli of the cDNA for murine tumor necrosis factor. AB - A murine tumor necrosis factor (MuTNF) cDNA was isolated from a cDNA library prepared by using mRNA from the murine macrophage-like cell line PU5-1.8 induced with 4 beta-phorbol 12 beta-myristate 13 alpha-acetate. The cDNA encodes a polypeptide consisting of a 79 amino acid pre sequence followed by a mature MuTNF sequence of 156 amino acids. The 235 amino acid murine pre-TNF polypeptide is 79% homologous to the human pre-TNF protein. There is one potential N-linked glycosylation site on MuTNF, in contrast to human TNF, which lacks any such site. The MuTNF cDNA, when engineered for expression in Escherichia coli, was found to direct the synthesis of biologically active MuTNF as determined by its cytotoxicity against several transformed cell lines. PMID- 3898079 TI - Protein RepC is involved in copy number control of the broad host range plasmid RSF1010. AB - Essential replication (rep) genes of the broad host range plasmid RSF1010 have been cloned onto controlled expression vectors and their protein products have been visualized, after induction, by NaDodSO4/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of whole cell lysates. During this induction the replication of a coresident RSF1010 replicon, pKT210, was analyzed by quantitative DNA X DNA hybridization. The initiation of pKT210 replication was stimulated 6-fold by a simultaneous overproduction of the RepA and RepC proteins compared to cells in which only the RepA protein was overproduced. An enhanced synthesis of the RepB protein resulted in a 1.6-fold stimulation of pKT210 replication, whereas an overproduction of the RepA protein alone had no effect. Purified RepC protein has been shown to bind preferentially to DNA carrying the replication origin of RSF1010. Within this segment it was bound specifically to those DNA fragments that contained the 20 base-pair direct repeats of the origin region. These results suggest that RepC protein acts as a positive replication regulator, that its concentration is rate limiting, and that the replication rate of RSF1010 is controlled, at least in part, at the level of RepC synthesis. PMID- 3898080 TI - Identification of intracellular degradation intermediates of aldolase B by antiserum to the denatured enzyme. AB - A method has been developed that enables us to identify intracellular degradation intermediates of fructose-bisphosphate aldolase B (D-fructose-1,6-bisphosphate D glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-lyase, EC 4.1.2.13). This method is based on the use of antibody against thoroughly denatured purified aldolase. This antibody has been shown to recognize only denatured molecules, and it did not interact with "native" enzyme. supernatants (24,000 X g for 30 min) of liver and kidney homogenates were incubated with antiserum to denatured enzyme. The antigen antibody precipitates thus formed were subjected to NaDodSO4/PAGE, followed by electrotransfer to nitrocellulose paper and immunodecoration with antiserum to denatured enzyme and 125I-labeled protein A. Seven peptides with molecular weights ranging from 38,000 (that of the intact subunit) to 18,000, which cross reacted antigenically with denatured fructose-bisphosphate aldolase, could be identified in liver. The longest three peptides were also present in kidney. The possibility that these peptides were artifacts of homogenization was ruled out as follows: 125I-labeled tagged purified native aldolase was added to the buffer prior to liver homogenization. The homogenates were than subjected to NaDodSO4/PAGE followed by autoradiography, and the labeled enzyme was shown to remain intact. This method is suggested for general use in the search for degradation products of other cellular proteins. PMID- 3898081 TI - Ren-1 and Ren-2 loci are expressed in mouse kidney. AB - Inbred strains of mice can be categorized into two groups based on the absence or presence of a duplicated copy of the renin structural gene; one-gene strains carry a single renin gene (Ren-1), whereas two-gene strains carry two renin genes (Ren-1 and Ren-2). To investigate the contribution that each locus makes to the composite levels of renin mRNA observed to accumulate in different tissues of two gene strains, we have developed two assays capable of distinguishing the highly homologous Ren-1 and Ren-2 transcripts. Both methods take advantage of established base sequence differences between Ren-1 and Ren-2 coding regions by using reverse transcriptase-mediated primer extension of oligonucleotide primer/mRNA hybrids in the presence of appropriate deoxy-and dideoxynucleotide phosphates. Using these techniques we found that Ren-1 and Ren-2 mRNAs accumulate in the kidney of two-gene strains to approximately equal levels. These observations are discussed in light of potential mechanisms regulating the tissue specific expression of the Ren-1 and Ren-2 loci. PMID- 3898082 TI - Cloning, sequence, and expression of a human granulocyte/macrophage colony stimulating factor. AB - Human granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a glycoprotein that is essential for the in vitro proliferation and differentiation of precursor cells into mature granulocytes and macrophages. In this report we have used a mouse GM-CSF cDNA clone to isolate human GM-CSF clones from libraries made from HUT-102 messenger RNA and mitogen-stimulated T-lymphocyte messenger RNA. The human cDNA clones contained a single open-reading frame encoding a protein of 144 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 16,293 daltons and showed 69% nucleotide homology and 54% amino acid homology to mouse GM-CSF. One of these cDNA clones was shown to direct the synthesis of biologically active GM-CSF using a yeast expression system. The gene for human GM-CSF appears to exist as a single copy gene. PMID- 3898083 TI - Evidence that major histocompatibility complex restriction of foreign transplantation antigens occurs when tolerance is induced in neonatal mice and rats. AB - Studies on the survival of skin-specific antigen (Skn)-incompatible skin grafts in mice rendered tolerant at birth with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) incompatible lymph node and spleen or bone marrow cells, as well as studies concerned with the survival of third-party skin grafts in rats rendered tolerant at birth with MHC-incompatible bone marrow cells, indicate that MHC restriction of foreign transplantation antigens occurs when tolerance is induced. Thus, evidence is presented that animals rendered tolerant with MHC-incompatible bone marrow cells depleted of mature T lymphocytes will accept any graft that is homozygous for the bone marrow donor's foreign MHC. Evidence has also been obtained that continuous exposure to foreign transplantation antigens in association with an MHC different from that of the graft may induce unresponsiveness to the same antigens in association with the MHC of the graft. PMID- 3898084 TI - Monkey-derived monoclonal antibodies against Plasmodium falciparum. AB - A system has been developed that allows efficient production of monkey monoclonal antibodies from owl monkeys. Splenocytes or peripheral blood lymphocytes from monkeys immune to the human malarial parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, were fused with P3X63 Ag8.653 mouse myelomas. The resulting hybridomas were screened by an indirect fluorescent antibody test for the production of monkey monoclonal antibodies (mAb) reactive with P. falciparum. Most of the mAb reacted with the P. falciparum merozoites and immunoprecipitated a parasite-derived glycoprotein having a relative molecular weight of 185,000. These mAb gave a minimum of five different immunoprecipitation patterns, thus demonstrating that a large number of polypeptides obtained when parasitized erythrocytes are solubilized share epitopes with this large glycoprotein. In addition, mAb were obtained that reacted with antigens associated with the infected erythrocyte membrane. One of these mAb bound a Mr 95,000 antigen. PMID- 3898086 TI - Insulin binding and effects of insulin on glucose uptake and metabolism in cultured rabbit coronary microvessel endothelium. AB - Microvascular endothelial cells were isolated from rabbit cardiac tissue, and cultivated by standard tissue culture techniques. The conversion of [U 14C]glucose to CO2 and lipids was significantly enhanced by insulin treatment. Insulin stimulated uptake of 2-[3H]deoxyglucose and enhanced the transport of 3 O[3H]methyl-D-glucose. Specific binding of [125I]insulin to RCME cells, displaceable by cold insulin, was also observed. These data demonstrate that insulin is capable of regulating metabolic activities in coronary microvascular endothelium. PMID- 3898085 TI - Identification of an inducible form of cytochrome P-450 in human liver. AB - It has not yet been determined whether human liver contains inducible cytochromes P-450 similar to those that catalyze the oxidative metabolism of foreign substances in animals. We carried out immunoblot analyses of liver microsomes isolated from eight patients and found that each contained a cytochrome P-450, termed HLp, that reacted with antibodies directed against P-450p, a rat liver cytochrome that is inducible by the anti-glucocorticoid pregnenolone-16 alpha carbonitrile, by glucocorticoids, by anti-seizure drugs, and by such macrolide antibiotics as triacetyloleandomycin. In the two patients who received dexamethasone and anti-seizure medications and in the one patient who was given triacetyloleandomycin, the concentrations of immunoreactive HLp and the ability to demethylate erythromycin and/or to convert triacetyloleandomycin to a metabolite that forms a spectral complex with cytochrome P-450 heme (catalytic properties unique to P-450p in rat liver) were significantly higher as compared to the values for patients who received no inducing drugs. We purified HLp to homogeneity and found that it was immunochemically related to P-450p and to its homologue in the rabbit (LM3c), actively demethylated erythromycin in a reconstituted system, exhibited electrophoretic mobility identical to that of P 450p, and shared 57% homology in its NH2-terminal amino acid sequence with that of a pregnenolone-16 alpha-carbonitrile-inducible rat cytochrome P-450. We conclude that HLp is a human representative of the multigene family of the glucocorticoid-inducible cytochromes P-450. PMID- 3898087 TI - Pressor and vascular responsiveness in renal prehypertensive rabbits with a nonfiltering kidney. AB - This study examined the possibility that the renal tubules are the site of the sensors that respond to renal artery stenosis (RAS) and which initiate the events leading to pressor hyperresponsiveness. A nonfiltering kidney (NFK) was produced in 32 rabbits by 2 hr of total renal ischemia plus permanent ligation of the ureter; the opposite kidney remained undisturbed. Sixteen of these rabbits also received RAS of the NFK. An additional 16 rabbits received RAS without production of a NFK, and 16 more rabbits were sham-operated controls. In acute experiments 3 days later in conscious rabbits, infusions of norepinephrine at several doses resulted in greater increases in mean arterial pressure in the RAS rabbits, with filtering kidneys (2-K, 1-clip) and with NFKs (2-K, 1-clip with NFK), than in the NFK rabbits without RAS (2-K control with NFK) or in the control rabbits (2-K control). Measurements of cardiac output revealed greater increases in total peripheral resistance as well as in mean arterial pressure in response to norepinephrine in the RAS rabbits both without and with a NFK. Because production of a NFK in rabbits did not prevent the development of pressor and vascular hyperresponsiveness 3 days after RAS, these studies indicated that the renal sensors that detect changes in the kidney following RAS and which initiate the series of events leading to pressor and vascular hyperresponsiveness, probably are not located in the renal tubules. PMID- 3898088 TI - Brian Poole, in memoriam. PMID- 3898089 TI - Endopeptidase-24.11: a general purpose membrane enzyme for metabolising peptides. PMID- 3898090 TI - Expression of the Mep-1 gene regulating meprin, a kidney brush border proteinase. PMID- 3898091 TI - Serine proteinases and protein breakdown in muscle. PMID- 3898092 TI - High molecular mass cysteine proteinases from rat skeletal muscle tissue. PMID- 3898093 TI - Cathepsin J: a high molecular weight cysteine proteinase from human tissues. PMID- 3898094 TI - Sulphydryl-dependent enzymes from African trypanosomes. PMID- 3898095 TI - A high-molecular weight peptide hydrolase from rat skeletal muscle. PMID- 3898096 TI - Release of cathepsin B precursors from human and murine tumours. PMID- 3898097 TI - Localization of four lysosomal proteases in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. PMID- 3898098 TI - A novel trypsin-like endoprotease associated with plasma membranes of rat liver and related with the survival of hepatocytes in primary culture. PMID- 3898099 TI - Extracts of human articular cartilage contain an inhibitor of tissue metalloproteinases. PMID- 3898100 TI - A leupeptin inactivating enzyme from rat liver. PMID- 3898101 TI - Endopeptidase-24.11 'enkephalinase': its role in the central nervous system. PMID- 3898102 TI - Properties of a small latent metalloprotease of the rat uterus. PMID- 3898103 TI - Proteolytic activity associated with membranes of rat liver lysosomes. PMID- 3898104 TI - Proteolytic activities in membranes of Escherichia coli. PMID- 3898105 TI - Cellular proteinases and their inhibitors. PMID- 3898106 TI - An o-phthalaldehyde spectrophotometric assay for proteolytic enzymes. PMID- 3898107 TI - Basic mechanisms of intracellular proteolysis. PMID- 3898108 TI - The ATP dependent pathway for protein breakdown in bacteria and mitochondria. PMID- 3898109 TI - Does glutathione play a role in regulating intracellular proteolysis? PMID- 3898110 TI - Intracellular degradative fate of transplanted and microinjected proteins. AB - The mechanisms of intracellular protein catabolism have not been elucidated in spite of 42 years since Schoenheimer's treatise on "The Dynamic State of Body Constituents". Protein catabolism (cf. Protein Synthesis) involves multiple mechanisms, several of which occur reliably only in cells, not test-tubes. Elucidation of the mechanisms relies on both cell biological and enzymological approaches. Transplantation and microinjection of proteins into target cells, although naturally not without experimental and interpretive difficulties, provide the means of identifying the molecular and cell biological events in intracellular protein degradation. In short, these techniques provide the bioassay system to probe the functions of known catalysts and inhibitors of proteinolysis and provide the means of identifying the currently unknown features of the cytoplasmic surveillance system which present the protein substrates for destruction. PMID- 3898111 TI - Degradation rates and intracellular distributions of structurally characterized proteins injected into HeLa cells. AB - The degradation rates of 35 proteins for which primary and X-ray structural data are available have been measured following their microinjection into HeLa cells. Each protein was radiolabeled by at least two techniques, and its degradation was measured in the presence or absence of the lysosomotropic agents, ammonia and chloroquine. The intracellular location of each protein was also determined by fractionation of injected cells using differential centrifugation in sucrose or by extraction in buffers containing Triton X-100. Preliminary analysis of these data indicates the following: lysosomes play a minor, nonselective role in the degradation of most microinjected proteins; the location of an injected protein within cells may significantly influence the rate at which it is degraded; and initial analyses of protein structural data such as molecular weight, isoelectric point, alpha or beta content, hydrophobicity, etc. have not yet revealed any strong correlations with stability. PMID- 3898112 TI - Degradation of short- and long-time labelled proteins by rat liver lysosomes. PMID- 3898113 TI - Protein degradation in rat liver cells. PMID- 3898114 TI - Comparison of proteolysis in perfused rat liver and in isolated autophagic vacuoles. PMID- 3898115 TI - The role of lysosomes in the degradation of myofibrillar and non-myofibrillar proteins in heart. AB - Lysosomes are presumed to be involved in protein degradation in heart, but their exact role is poorly understood. Several interventions that are known to alter cardiac proteolysis (e.g., insulin) also produce lysosomal changes that might account for the observed changes in protein degradation; but many other interventions appear not to do so. Agents that interfere with lysosomal function (e.g., sucrose, chloroquine, methyladenine, leupeptin) cause a 25% reduction in the rate of degradation of total protein in fetal mouse hearts in organ culture; however, in the same hearts the rate of degradation of myosin and other myofibrillar proteins remains unchanged. Thus, it appears that lysosomes are involved in cardiac proteolysis, but may not play a rate-limiting or regulatory role in many circumstances. The regulation of proteolysis by insulin appears to involve non-lysosomal pathways in addition to any lysosomal alterations it may cause. Furthermore, the initial cleavage of myofibrillar proteins appears no to be dependent on normal lysosomal function. PMID- 3898116 TI - Role of thyroid, insulin and corticosteroid hormones in the physiological regulation of proteolysis in muscle. PMID- 3898117 TI - Regulation of myofibrillar protease, plasminogen activator and protein degradation in cultured myoblasts. PMID- 3898118 TI - Regulation of protein turnover in vivo by insulin and amino acids. PMID- 3898119 TI - Peptide intermediates in the degradation of cellular proteins. PMID- 3898120 TI - Coordinate regulation of protein synthesis and breakdown in cultured cells. PMID- 3898121 TI - Characteristics of burn-induced proteolysis in skeletal muscle. PMID- 3898122 TI - Analytic errors in measuring radioactivity in cell protein and their effect of estimates of protein turnover. PMID- 3898123 TI - Regulation of protein degradation in fibroblasts. PMID- 3898124 TI - Lysosomal thiol cathepsins and their endogenous inhibitors. Distribution and localization. PMID- 3898125 TI - A low molecular weight cysteine proteinase inhibitor from chicken skeletal muscle. PMID- 3898126 TI - Structure and function of lysosomal cysteine proteinases and their protein inhibitors. PMID- 3898127 TI - XVI Annual American Red Cross Scientific Symposium: Infection, immunity, blood transfusion. Introduction. PMID- 3898128 TI - LH-RH antagonists--mechanisms of action. PMID- 3898129 TI - Mode of action of estramustine phosphate in hormone dependent and hormone non dependent prostate cancer. PMID- 3898130 TI - Criteria for response to treatment of metastatic prostatic cancer. PMID- 3898131 TI - Results of trials of the USA National Prostatic Cancer Project. AB - In summary, the completed NPCP clinical trials have demonstrated that treatment with single antitumor agents and some combinations provide potential benefit to men with metastatic disease, both in those who have failed conventional hormonal therapy as well as those with newly diagnosed metastatic lesions. A summary of overall objective response rates in trials conducted on hormone-refractory patients is shown in Tables 17 and 18. In addition to demonstrating that chemotherapy can elicit a favorable response in patients with relapsing stage D disease, the NPCP has demonstrated that patients who respond to chemotherapy survive significantly longer than nonresponders. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated in these patients that objective partial regressions have been seen only with chemotherapy. Active single agents in prostatic cancer include methotrexate, cis-platinum, Estracyt, cyclophosphamide, 5-FU, DTIC, and streptozotocin. Finally, there may be some benefit in terms of response rate and survival when adding chemotherapy to conventional hormone therapy in patients with previously untreated stage D disease. PMID- 3898132 TI - The EORTC Phase III trials in prostatic cancer. PMID- 3898133 TI - Total androgen suppression in the management of prostatic cancer. A critical review. PMID- 3898134 TI - Second-line endocrine management: anti-androgens and anti-estrogens. PMID- 3898135 TI - Ongoing phase II & III studies of the USA National Prostatic Cancer Project. PMID- 3898136 TI - Principles of endocrine manipulation in the treatment of prostatic cancer. PMID- 3898137 TI - Intravesical adriamycin. PMID- 3898138 TI - Adjuvant chemotherapy of superficial transitional cell carcinoma: an E.O.R.T.C. randomized trail comparing doxorubicin hydrochloride, ethoglucid and TUR-alone. PMID- 3898139 TI - Methotrexate for superficial bladder cancer. PMID- 3898140 TI - BCG in the management of superficial bladder cancer. PMID- 3898141 TI - Superficial bladder cancer--the need for long-term follow-up of clinical trials. PMID- 3898142 TI - Intravesical chemotherapy for carcinoma of the bladder--duration of the treatment course. PMID- 3898143 TI - Intravesical adriamycin instillations--what happens to the drug? AB - Intravesical instillations of ADM have local and systemic effects: Locally a chemocystitis can be seen with a frequency of 10 - 40%. It can usually be treated conservatively and only rarely the therapy has to be discontinued. Urothelial dysplasia, proliferation and - in rats - the development of epithelial bladder tumors following repeated instillation need further investigations. ADM is absorbed mainly by exophytic tumors with a large surface area and changes in membrane characteristics and - less - by the normal urothelium and solid tumors. Whether the local cellular uptake of ADM can be enhanced by the use of adjuvant substances such as surfactants, enzymes or detergents is presently subject of animal investigations (Engelmann 1984). Systemically neither in animal studies nor in investigations in humans relevant concentrations are detected so that untoward side effects like cardiotoxicity will not occur. The increase in absorption that has been documented due to TUR or cystitis does not lead to a clinically significant rise of serum concentrations. PMID- 3898144 TI - Dietary approaches to the prevention of large bowel cancer. PMID- 3898145 TI - [The Dutch "gapers" or: On the art of doctoring]. PMID- 3898146 TI - Recovery of prostacyclin synthesis in human vascular endothelial cells following intermittent or continuous exposure to indomethacin. AB - Indomethacin is a potent prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor, which is widely used in treating arthritis and other inflammatory conditions. This study investigated the effect of physiological levels of indomethacin on synthesis of the antiplatelet substance prostacyclin, by human vascular endothelial cells in culture. The nature of the inhibition and its reversibility following removal of indomethacin were characterized. Almost complete inhibition of prostacyclin synthesis was obtained at concentrations of 5.6 microM indomethacin, which were within physiological blood levels (1.4-16.8 microM) attained during routine indomethacin therapy. Inhibition was essentially irreversible for all exposure periods in excess of one minute. Following inactivation by brief (5 minute) exposure to indomethacin, partial recovery of prostacyclin synthesis to between 45% and 60% of control values was attained 24 hours after indomethacin removal. Prolonged (24 hours) exposure of cells to indomethacin did not further impair subsequent recovery of prostacyclin synthesis and did not affect cell viability. Recovery of enzyme was much more rapid in confluent quiescent monolayers of endothelial cells than in dividing cultures. The results indicate that continuous or intermittent exposure to indomethacin may significantly impair vascular prostacyclin synthesis in vascular endothelium, but that substantial recovery may occur within 24 hours of drug removal. PMID- 3898148 TI - The development of pharmaceutical technology (chronological tabulated facts). PMID- 3898147 TI - [Synthesis and effect of affinity-labeled analogs and partial sequences of the bradykinin potentiating nonapeptide BPP9 alpha (teprotide)]. AB - Affinity labeled analogues and partial sequences of the bradykinin potentiating nonapeptide BPP9 alpha inhibit the BPP9 alpha induced potentiation of the bradykinin action on the isolated guinea pig ileum. The labeled nonapeptides are more active than the labeled partial sequences. The inhibition of the potentiating action of BPP9 alpha demonstrates, that the influence on bradykinin action is not only a result of the inhibition of peptidyl dipeptide hydrolase. PMID- 3898149 TI - [The history of pharmaceutical science. 14. Personality and the history of pharmacy]. PMID- 3898150 TI - [The history of drugs in Thuringia]. PMID- 3898151 TI - [Orotic acid]. PMID- 3898153 TI - The measurement of temperature for thermoregulatory studies. PMID- 3898152 TI - The inhibition of ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase by hydroxyurea, guanazole and pyrazoloimidazole (IMPY). PMID- 3898154 TI - The toxicology of plant molluscicides. PMID- 3898155 TI - Testimony of Menton--apprentice to Urlugaledin, high priest and physician of Babylon. PMID- 3898156 TI - Effect of photooxidation on catalytic and regulatory properties of NAD-linked malic enzyme from Escherichia coli. AB - In an aim to elucidate the structure-function relationship of NAD-linked malic enzyme [EC 1.1.1.38] from Escherichia coli W, the effect of chemical modification on the catalytic and regulatory properties of the enzyme was studied. Upon photooxidation of the enzyme in the presence of methylene blue, a time-dependent inactivation occurred following pseudo-first order kinetics. The pH-dependence of the inactivation rate exhibited a pK value of 6.1. L-Malate, NAD+, and Mn2+ markedly protected the enzyme against the inactivation. Prior masking of the catalytically essential sulfhydryl groups with p-mercuribenzoate did not result in a retardation of the rate of photoinactivation. This excluded the possibility of an involvement of sulfhydryl group modification in the photoinactivation. Although the Km values for L-malate and NAD+ were not affected by photooxidation, the S0.5 value and the Hill coefficient for Mn2+ were considerably altered, and the cooperative nature of the saturation profile for Mn2+ in the native enzyme was completely abolished. The activating effect of L-aspartate on the native enzyme was completely abolished upon photooxidation, and the inhibitory effect of CoA was also diminished to a marked extent upon the treatment. The oxaloacetate decarboxylating activity of the enzyme was lost in parallel with the loss of the activity for oxidative decarboxylation of L-malate. These results suggest a possible involvement of histidyl residue(s) in the catalytic and regulatory functions of the enzyme. PMID- 3898157 TI - Characterization of a glycophospholipid of Streptococcus pyogenes-derived L-form. AB - A glycophospholipid was detected as a major lipid in the L-form derived from Streptococcus pyogenes. The glycophospholipid was purified and chemically analyzed. From its phosphorus:glucose:glycerol molar ratio of 1:2:2 and mass spectrum, the deacylated glycophospholipid was identified as glycerophosphoryldiglucosylglycerol. This structural assignment was confirmed by thin layer chromatography of the lipid itself, which comigrated with known phosphatidyldiglucosyldiglyceride from S. faecalis. A possible mechanism for biosynthesis of the glycophospholipid in the L-form that invokes known biosynthetic processes involved in glycophospholipid metabolism in related bacteria is proposed. PMID- 3898158 TI - Physiology Department, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska. PMID- 3898159 TI - Teaching cardiovascular integrations with computer laboratories. PMID- 3898160 TI - Writing computer lessons. PMID- 3898161 TI - Effects of pharmacological manipulation of the renin-angiotensin system on the hibernation cycle of the 13-lined ground squirrel (Spermophilus tridecemlineatus). AB - Adult 13-lined ground squirrels were monitored for body temperature and state of torpor or arousal in a cold room at photoperiod LD 2:22 after receiving intraperitoneal injections of 0.9% saline vehicle or with the vehicle plus various test drugs. Saline injections (200 microliter) caused arousal of over 70% of the squirrels within 6 hours. Concomitant injections with Asp1 Val5 Angiotensin II (10 micrograms/kg, IP), however, significantly delayed arousal. This delaying effect was eliminated by simultaneous injections of the angiotensin II receptor antagonist, sarlasin (Sar1-Ala8-Ang II; 50 micrograms/kg, IP), In addition, 30 hours after induced arousal, the group receiving nonapeptide angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitor (SQ 20, 881; 3 mg/kg) exhibited a significantly enhanced reentry into torpor. These data suggest that arousal from the reentry into torpor may be involved with renal function and the renin angiotensin system. However, there appears to be temporal changes in the effect of angiotensin on torpor. Possible mechanisms, including the antagonistic effect of melatonin on angiotensin are discussed. PMID- 3898162 TI - Failure of 2-deoxy-D-glucose to stimulate feeding in deermice. AB - Deermice (Peromyscus maniculatus) did not increase their food intake above baseline following treatment with 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG, 500 or 1000 mg/kg). They did eat more following food deprivation or treatment with insulin at a high dose (100 U/kg). House mice (Mus musculus) showed hyperphagia to 2DG, low dose of insulin (5 U/kg) and deprivation. PMID- 3898163 TI - Plasma hormone levels in growth-retarded rats with dorsomedial hypothalamic lesions. AB - Rats with lesions in the dorsomedial hypothalamic nuclei (DMNL rats) are hypophagic and growth-retarded. Since previous work had shown normal plasma growth hormone and insulin levels in DMNL rats we investigated the diurnal patterns of these and other hormones involved in growth. Trial 1: Rats received electrolytic DMNL or sham operations (SCON). The DMNL rats exhibited no differences from SCON rats in plasma triiodothyronine (T3), growth hormone (GH), insulin and somatomedin (SM) concentrations, Trial 2: kainic acid, a neurotoxin, was used for lesion production. Again, DMNL rats showed no deficiencies in plasma levels of T3, GH or insulin. Trial 3: In this experiment, diurnal hormone profiles were assessed. The GH profile and mean 24-hour secretion of both DMNL and SCON groups did not differ significantly. Both groups exhibited a diurnal release of T3, with the DMNL rats showing slightly higher levels. Plasma insulin rose after dark, i.e., at the onset of feeding, in SCON but not in DMNL rats; the later have a previously reported disrupted feeding rhythm. Glucose patterns were in keeping with insulin profiles. Controls showed a normal plasma corticosterone rhythm whereas DMNL rats had an altered pattern. The data suggest that deficiencies in the principal anabolic and growth-promoting hormones cannot be responsible for the retarded growth of DMNL rats. PMID- 3898164 TI - Feeding suppression induced by a fecal anorexigenic substance (FS-T). AB - Intraperitoneal (IP) injection of a fecal anorexigenic substance (FS-T) induced significant suppression of feeding and this suppression recovered on the second day. At 2 hr after IP injection, at the time of maximum feeding suppression, plasma glucose, insulin and free fatty acid (FFA) levels did not change but amino acid level decreased. Intra-third cerebral ventricle (ICV) infusion of FS-T induced parallel but more potent feeding suppression. Analysis of meal patterns demonstrated that suppression of feeding after ICV treatment continued into the second day. FS-T was applied electrophoretically to glucose-sensitive and non glucose-sensitive neurons in the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) and to glucoreceptor and non glucoreceptor neurons in the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH). It significantly inhibited glucose-sensitive neurons but not non glucose-sensitive neurons, and excited both neuron types in the VMH. FS-T might thus work directly through the hypothalamic feeding control centers to suppress feeding. Even after pronase treatment of FS-T, a non-dialysable fraction of large molecular weight, consisting of protein and carbohydrate, maintained the original anorexigenic activity. PMID- 3898165 TI - A review of mini-F plasmid maintenance. PMID- 3898166 TI - An anatomic study of the septocutaneous vessels of the leg. AB - The vascular anatomy of the skin and fascia of the leg were studied in 20 cadaver legs that were injected and dissected under magnification to identify the origin, course, and distribution of vessels from the subfascial level to the skin. In addition to the longitudinally oriented fasciocutaneous arteries and the musculocutaneous perforators, the study demonstrated a third and important system of blood supply: the septocutaneous vessels. These vessels arise directly from the posterior tibial, anterior tibial, and peroneal arteries, run along the intermuscular septum, pierce the crural fascia, and ramify radially in the subcutaneous tissue superficial to the fascia. Longitudinally oriented anastomotic arcades are formed along the leg between branches of adjacent septocutaneous vessels. Each septocutaneous vessel has one or two venae comitantes. Selected methylene blue injections of the septocutaneous vessels revealed rich staining of the superficial surface of the fascia, the subcutaneous tissue, and distinct longitudinally oriented skin territories. There was no injection of dye in the deep surface of the fascia. It is felt that the septocutaneous vessels constitute an important source of skin circulation in the leg and form the basis for various fasciocutaneous flaps that have useful clinical applications. PMID- 3898167 TI - The role of free-tissue transfers in lower-extremity reconstruction. AB - Eighty-five free flaps were performed in 76 patients for defects in the lower extremity. A new classification of lower-extremity defects was devised to help define the role of free-tissue transfers: group 1, soft-tissue defects; group 2, soft-tissue and bone loss less than 8 cm; group 3, massive soft-tissue and bone loss greater than 8 cm; and group 4, bone defect only. Each group was further divided into clean (A) and infected (B) wounds. Our overall results include resolution of the presenting problem in 82 percent; there were 17 flap losses (20 percent), persistent osteomyelitis in 8, and 10 amputations. This review has prompted us to limit our indications for limb salvage, particularly in group 3B, in patients with compound injuries that include loss of plantar sensation, and in patients with large segments of infected bone. PMID- 3898168 TI - Surgical treatment of elbow contractures in postburn children. AB - One-hundred and forty-six postburn elbow contractures in children were classified into four categories--simple band, complex band (crosses shoulder and/or wrist joint), diffuse scar, and limited scar--to assess the results of surgical treatment. The best results were seen in children less than 5 years of age and in children with less than 50 percent third-degree total body surface area burns. Types of release included skin grafts, local flaps (with or without graft), and deep releases. Generally, good to excellent results were seen regardless of technique of release, and in no case was the postoperative contracture worse than the preoperative contracture. Full extension was restored in 82 percent of contractures that were less than 50 degrees and in 50 percent of contractures greater than 50 degrees. Major complications were uncommon, with 4 of 171 elbows requiring reoperation because of skin-graft or flap loss. Repeat releases were of minimal functional benefit. PMID- 3898169 TI - Deep inferior epigastric free flap for breast reconstruction after radical mastectomy. AB - This case illustrates an unusual mastectomy patient in whom the standard alternatives for breast reconstruction were not available. A deep inferior epigastric transverse abdominal free flap was successfully employed. The abundance of tissue provided by this technique enabled reconstruction of a large breast to match the contralateral side. PMID- 3898170 TI - The enigma of Serre's "Z-plasty" technique. AB - In 1835, Serre performed an operation to correct a cicatricial displacement of the right mouth commissure, which he described in his 1842 book. The drawings shown in a plate in the book (Fig. 2) and the description of the technique in the legend depicted the technique he had planned to perform (excision of tissue within lines ABCDE) but was not the technique he actually did. The description of the technique in the text of the book (Fig. 4) is very poor and incomplete. Apparently, he raised a triangular flap, which contained the right commissure, and sutured it into the skin defect on the check that he had created. The Z plasty technique attributed to him (Fig. 1) in many textbooks is not the technique he had planned nor the technique he performed. He did not describe a Z plasty but only the transposition of a single flap. PMID- 3898171 TI - Theodore Gaillard Thomas and the inframammary incision. PMID- 3898172 TI - Enhancement of tissue expansion by anticontractile agents. AB - To evaluate the effect of anticontractile agents on the rate of tissue expansion, guinea pig back skin was expanded while being treated with various anticontractile agents. Expansion was carried out using standard percutaneous inflatable skin expanders modified by the addition of a catheter to deliver the anticontractile agents papaverine or cytochalasin D. Expansion proceeded for 25 days with one or other of the substances being infused through the catheter; saline was used in a separate control group. Measurements of the rate and extent of expansion showed that there was a statistically significant increase in these parameters for the experimental groups as compared with saline controls. Histologic examination of the expanded tissue suggests that the cellular basis for this phenomenon may involve the relaxation or inactivation of contractile fibroblasts in the fibrous capsule surrounding the expander. PMID- 3898173 TI - Cops, robbers, and plastic surgery. PMID- 3898174 TI - Historical perspectives on the borderline concept: a review and critique. AB - Considerable confusion and disagreement remains in the psychiatric literature over the meaning of the term borderline. Over the last ten years a veritable explosion of books and articles on the subject have espoused overlapping and at times contradictory ideas on entirely different levels of discourse: biological, genetic, pharmacological, objective-descriptive, ego psychology theory, object relations theory, separation-individuation theory, and so on. Together, they seem both bewildering and irreconcilable. Despite DSM III's efforts to impose conceptual clarity, the situation remains a semantic mess. "Borderline" still means different things to different people and still tends to be a wastebasket diagnosis. No definition has been entirely satisfactory. This article is a preliminary effort at synthesis and explication of how and why psychiatry has arrived at this state of affairs. PMID- 3898175 TI - Motivation for treatment: a review with special emphasis on alcoholism. PMID- 3898176 TI - Grafting intraosseous defects with stimulated free osteoperiosteal grafts. PMID- 3898177 TI - Survey of current therapy 1984-1985. Bone grafts. Part II. PMID- 3898178 TI - Additional cerebrospinal fluid proteins found in schizophrenia and Creutzfeldt Jakob disease. PMID- 3898179 TI - Panic attacks in outpatients with depression: response to antidepressant treatment. PMID- 3898180 TI - Psychopharmacological treatment of social phobia. PMID- 3898181 TI - Relevance of genetic variability to clinical psychopharmacology. PMID- 3898182 TI - Cognitive and behavioral sensitivity to scopolamine in Alzheimer patients and controls. PMID- 3898183 TI - Low- and high-dose naloxone in dementia of the Alzheimer type. PMID- 3898184 TI - Imipramine for treatment of chronic depression. PMID- 3898185 TI - Approaches to taxonomy and measurement of adaptation in chronic disease. AB - The concept of adaptation has gained central importance in research on chronic disease. The article reviews recent developments in the major theoretical concepts, coping, defense and social support. A schema for classification is introduced distinguishing coping and defense processes at the individual (cognitive-emotional and behavioral), interpersonal and institutional levels. Some often neglected aspects of the evaluation (concerning temporal orientation, level, areas and perspective of rater) are pointed out. Underlying methodological aspects are briefly reviewed. Applying conceptual demands of theories of adaptation to research on chronic disease shows major research deficits, especially a lack of accepted definitions of adjustment, a preference for static, one-dimensional and cross-sectional research and a lack of adequate assessment procedures. Desiderata for future research are suggested. PMID- 3898186 TI - Meditation as an adjunct to psychotherapy. An outcome study. AB - The effect of a 10-week meditation program on 20 patients who were undergoing long-term individual explorative psychotherapy was studied. Change in the psychological well-being of the patients and the impact of the program on the process of their psychotherapy was evaluated. Results obtained from the patients' self-ratings and the therapists' objective ratings demonstrated a significant and substantial improvement in most measures of psychological well-being. PMID- 3898187 TI - Evaluating water supply and other health programs: short-run vs long-run mortality effects. PMID- 3898188 TI - A morphometric study of the endocrine and exocrine capillaries of the pancreas. AB - In passing from islets to the exocrine part of the gland, pancreatic capillaries change their character. Islet capillaries are significantly wider than exocrine (5.27 micrometers, diameter compared with 4.35 micrometers), thinner walled and have many more fenestrations micrometers-1 of endothelium (1.3 compared with 0.13). The point of transition at the edge of the islet is very abrupt, for capillaries that are in contact with both endocrine and exocrine tissue ('edge capillaries') have significantly more fenestrae on the side facing the endocrine cells than the side facing exocrine (1.46 fenestrae micrometers-1 compared with 0.3 micrometers-1). The structure of these edge capillaries suggests that the factors operating to induce the formation of fenestrae do so over extremely short distances. The relationship between fenestrations, the high blood flow and high water flux seen in endocrine glands is discussed. PMID- 3898189 TI - Complete dentures: a review. PMID- 3898190 TI - Retention of cast posts relative to cement selection. PMID- 3898191 TI - The dentist's health: high-speed rotary equipment as a risk factor. PMID- 3898192 TI - A method for recording an impression for a patient with a fibrous maxillary alveolar ridge. PMID- 3898193 TI - An obturator prosthesis. PMID- 3898194 TI - An assessment of the relationship of time to fine motor skill acquisition in scaling and root planing procedures. PMID- 3898195 TI - [Basic knowledge: prosthetics impressions and impression materials (II)]. PMID- 3898196 TI - [Use of ready-made crowns--Bema No. 14--in pediatric dentistry]. PMID- 3898197 TI - [Secondary attachment and lingual bar in one-piece casting of non-precious metal]. PMID- 3898198 TI - [Precision fit gold castings]. PMID- 3898200 TI - [Porcelain veneers on gold alloy DIN-norm 13906 in the lateral dental arch]. PMID- 3898199 TI - [Rapid advancement in practice--level of development of ceramic-platinum methods]. PMID- 3898201 TI - [A method for the exact fitting for ceramic-platinum crowns]. PMID- 3898202 TI - [Reconstruction of gingival margins on a dental working model]. PMID- 3898203 TI - [Precision cut models]. PMID- 3898204 TI - R46 and pKM101 plasmid-mediated resistance to ionizing radiation in Escherichia coli. AB - The ability of the R46 R factor and its derivative pKM101 to modify sensitivity to 60Co gamma radiation was studied. In Escherichia coli K12 both plasmids enhanced bacterial survival after 60Co gamma irradiation. This effect was dependent on recA+ genotype but not on recB+, recB+ recC+, and recF+ genotypes. 5 Fluorouracil eliminated the R46 R factor from the parent and its rec- mutant strains. These strains lost not only the antibiotic resistance coded for R46 R factor but their radioresistance as well. PMID- 3898205 TI - Comparative lethal effects of uv and ionizing radiation in Ames tester strains of Salmonella. AB - In the three (parent-daughter) pairs of Ames Salmonella tester strains TA1535 TA100, TA1537-TA2637, and TA1538-TA98 in which the daughter strains carry the pKM101 plasmid but the parent strains do not, the pKM101 plasmid uniformly confers resistance of the host to uv radiation which indicates that the muc genes of the plasmid are present and function correctly in all three daughter strains. This uniform protection against killing by uv contrasts with the lethality responses of the same parent-daughter pairs to ionizing radiation (ir) where pKM101 again confers lethality protection to TA100 and TA2637 but sensitizes TA98 toward the lethal effects of ir. From these results we conclude that the pathways for error-prone repair of lethal lesions induced by uv and by ionizing radiation are not the same and that the muc genes of the plasmid alone are not sufficient to carry out error-prone repair of lethal lesions induced by ionizing radiation. We infer that a segment of plasmid DNA that is present in TA100 and TA2637 and is required to repair potentially lethal damage induced by ir is deleted in TA98. PMID- 3898206 TI - [Yeast survival following gamma irradiation: delayed colony formation and determination of the proportion of undamaged cells]. AB - The experimental method is proposed to determine both a relative number of cells without damages and the effect of the delayed appearance of colonies of haploid and diploid yeast after exposure to ionizing radiation. PMID- 3898207 TI - [Formation of toxic peptides in irradiated rats and their relation to blood serum proteins]. AB - Whole-body gamma-irradiation of rats with a dose of 9.0 Gy caused a 1.5-fold and a 5-fold increase in excretion of basic peptides (molecular mass of 500-2000) in urine on the 2nd and 5th postirradiation days, respectively. These peptides possessed toxic activity and ability to form complexes with macroglobulins, immunoglobulins, and blood serum albumins, in particular. Irradiation decreased binding ability of serum proteins, and preliminary washing thereof by ultrafiltration increased it. PMID- 3898208 TI - [Postirradiation changes in the chromatin structure of thymocytes in irradiated rats]. AB - In this work the antibodies were obtained against chromatin isolated from thymocytes of intact and irradiated rats (2 h after exposing to 10 Gy) and against polydeoxyribonucleotides (PDN) extracted from thymus nuclei 6 h following irradiation. All the antibodies under study reacted more readily with the chromatin obtained from the thymus of exposed rats than with the control chromatin. The complexes of DNA with the most firmly bound non-histone proteins, obtained from the three objects under study, reacted with the antibodies with equal efficiency. Thus, a higher reactivity of PDN and chromatin from thymocytes of exposed rats was associated with the decondensation of the latter leading to an increase in availability of a part of antigenic determinants. Using the immunoblotting method we failed to discover any qualitative differences in the protein composition of the chromatin from control and exposed rats. PMID- 3898209 TI - [State of the erythron in rats at late periods following acute radiation injury]. AB - During 12 months following whole-body single exposure to ionizing radiation of 6 Gy, the experimental rats did not develop anemia but exhibited appreciable morphofunctional changes in circulating erythrocytes, for instance, shortening of their half-life time and increase in a mean diameter and dry mass. In the bone marrow, the total number of erythroid elements and the index of erythronormoblasts labelled with 3H-thymidine were increased and the time of generation of these cells reduced due to shortening of the presynthetic period. PMID- 3898210 TI - [Changes in labrocytes during acute radiation sickness (morphometric study)]. AB - Changes in the morphometric parameters of rat mast cells during acute radiation sickness have been studied. The most significant deviation of the quantitative indices of mast cells from the control values were noted at the height of the bone-marrow, at the terminal stage of the intestinal, and during the first few hours of the cerebral forms of acute radiation sickness. PMID- 3898211 TI - [Inhibition of phospholipase activity in liver mitochondria of gamma-irradiated rats]. AB - Phospholipase activity of mitochondria of gamma-irradiated rat liver was inhibited at different times after irradiation with a dose of 10 Gy. A maximum radiation effect was registered 3-6 h following irradiation (65% of the control); the effect somewhat decreased (85% of the control) by the end of the first 24 h after exposure. PMID- 3898212 TI - [Effect of helium-neon laser radiation on the radiosensitivity of Escherichia coli K-12 cells]. AB - A study was made of the combined effect of laser radiation (helium-neon laser, lambda = 633 nm) and X-rays on bacteria of different genotypes. The sensitivity of cells to X-rays was decreased by pre- and post-irradiation with laser. In the latter case, the radio-modifying effect of laser was more pronounced. PMID- 3898213 TI - Radiography in the United States Army during World War I. AB - This article highlights the Army's early involvement with radiography. The mobilization of the Office of the Surgeon General for World War I is depicted, including roentgenologic logistics, personnel, battle area roentgenology, and the development of the portable x-ray field unit. This early period of military medical history facilitated the establishment of radiography as a profession. PMID- 3898214 TI - Ultrasound imaging of the adrenal glands. PMID- 3898215 TI - Moya moya disease: use of digital subtraction angiography in its diagnosis. AB - Fourteen patients suspected of having Moya Moya disease underwent intravenous digital subtraction angiography (DSA), and the findings from nine of these patients were reviewed and analyzed. Obstruction or stenosis of the supraclinoid portion of the internal carotid artery and the proximal portions of the anterior and middle cerebral arteries was observed in all cases. Arteriography, however, was better than intravenous DSA in demonstrating Moya Moya vessels, differentiating complete occlusion from severe stenosis, and demonstrating important transdural collaterals. The disadvantages of intravenous DSA included inferior spatial resolution, the need for large amounts of contrast media, and relatively high radiation doses. Since the summation of vessels cannot be avoided using DSA, arteriography is necessary for the precise evaluation of cerebral hemodynamics before bypass surgery. Intravenous DSA is a safe, reliable method for diagnosing Moya Moya disease and is suitable for the screening and follow-up examinations of patients with the disease. PMID- 3898216 TI - US evaluation of the rotator cuff. AB - Ultrasonographic (US) evaluation of the moving shoulder is a new method for evaluating the integrity of the rotator cuff. In the past, contrast arthrography has provided the only nonoperative technique for demonstrating defects in the rotator cuff. We present the details of this new technique and describe 79 patients whose US results were correlated with the findings at arthrography and/or surgery. US allows evaluation of both shoulders at once, an advantage over arthrography, where usually only one side is evaluated at a single sitting. Improvements in US instrumentation, especially the introduction of high resolution linear-array devices and the use of experienced ultrasonographers, have improved the accuracy of US. Because US is rapid, safe, noninvasive, and inexpensive, we advocate its use instead of arthrography as the routine test of rotator cuff integrity. PMID- 3898217 TI - US of the biceps tendon apparatus. AB - High-resolution real-time sonography of the biceps tendon was performed on 80 patients referred for shoulder arthrography. The arthrograms and sonograms were compared at the levels of the biceps tendon groove and distal tendon. Sonography and arthrography were equally successful in facilitating the evaluation of the bony configuration of the biceps tendon groove, but sonography gave a superior image of the biceps tendon within the groove. In 16 patients, biceps tendon sheath effusions or swelling was detected using sonography; 15 of these patients had associated pathologic conditions elsewhere in the joint. Arthrograms did not disclose a biceps tendon or sheath abnormality in any of these patients. We conclude that sonography could be the imaging method of choice in patients with suspected biceps tendon lesions and that the presence of a biceps tendon or sheath abnormality indicates an increased likelihood of abnormalities elsewhere in the joint. PMID- 3898218 TI - Fetal urethral obstruction: US evaluation. AB - To further elucidate antenatal sonographic features of fetal urethral obstruction and attempt to determine which features might predict subsequent outcome, 40 in utero cases were reviewed. All fetuses had dilated urinary bladders and/or thickened bladder walls; in 47.5% of fetuses a dilated posterior urethra was seen. Only 15 fetuses (37.5%) survived the neonatal period. Survivors tended to present later in gestation than nonsurvivors. Poor prognostic indicators included oligohydramnios (20 of 21 subsequently died), absence of caliectasis (20 of 24 died), a large amount of urine ascites (five of six died), and dystrophic bladder wall or peritoneal calcification (five of five subsequently died). Conversely, 14 of 19 (74%) fetuses without definite oligohydramnios survived the neonatal period. PMID- 3898219 TI - Tomographic digital subtraction angiography: initial clinical studies using tomosynthesis. Work in progress. AB - We have developed a method for acquiring multiple tomographic subtraction images using a rapid, repetitive, circular tomographic motion. The method combines the principles of digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and electronic tomosynthesis. Fifteen patients were examined with the technique using single intravenous bolus injections of contrast material. The image sequence obtained during each injection was first processed with a nontomographic mask subtraction, and the result was then compared with the tomographic DSA scans synthesized from the same sequence. The effective section thickness was approximately 0.5 cm, with each section being 0.5-1.0 cm apart. Twelve of the intravenous DSA scans provided the necessary diagnostic or clinically useful information. Two of the three nondiagnostic scans were caused by avoidable technical reasons. In eight cases, the tomographic DSA scans were superior in quality to the nontomographic scans, exhibited significantly less artifact from patient motion and overlying bowel gas, and were effective in separating overlapping vessels. Tomosynthesis permits multiple electronic imaging of the area of interest without reinjection of contrast material and appears to be more informative than nontomographic intravenous DSA imaging. PMID- 3898220 TI - Quantitative digital subtraction angiography: two scanning techniques for correction of scattered radiation and veiling glare. Work in progress. AB - Scattered radiation and veiling glare in digital subtraction angiography degrade contrast signals in a nonlinear and nonuniform way. This effect prohibits direct use of image data for accurate iodine measurement or energy subtraction imaging. Two techniques based on the use of scanning lead bars were proposed to measure the spatial distribution of scattered radiation and veiling glare in the unprocessed image data. With either technique, signals behind the lead bars were used to estimate the scatter-glare component and remove it from the image data. The scanning-lead-bar techniques can be used to reduce the scatter-glare component by a factor of up to 10. The scatter-glare correction leads to the recovery of degraded contrast signals and achieves reasonable linearity, uniformity, and consistency in the contrast measurement. PMID- 3898221 TI - Digital subtraction angiography of the extremities using table translation. AB - Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) of the extremities has been performed with both intravenous and intraarterial injections of contrast material. Intravenous studies are usually site specific and are limited by contrast material load; a complete intraarterial study with multiple injections of contrast material may be time consuming. A feasibility study to evaluate a DSA technique that would allow table translation and imaging of two contiguous regions following a single injection of contrast material--bolus-chase DSA--was performed. Forty-five examinations were performed, 13 intravenously and 32 intraarterially. Twelve intravenous and 16 intraarterial DSA examinations were totally satisfactory. Inadequate studies were predominantly caused by slow arterial clearance of contrast material in the distal calf and by operator error. Compared with conventional DSA, anatomic studies of lower-extremity vessels could be obtained faster and with lower contrast material loads using bolus-chase DSA. PMID- 3898222 TI - Gallbladder contraction: effects of fatty meals and cholecystokinin. AB - Gallbladder contraction and hormone release were measured in six healthy volunteers after their ingestion of two commercially available fatty meals (Biloptin Fatty Meal and Sorbitract) and intravenous bolus injection of 1 Ivy Dog Unit/kg body weight cholecystokinin (CCK) to compare the effectiveness of fatty meals to CCK. Differences in gallbladder volumes, rate constants of emptying, and times of maximal contractions, as measured by real-time sonography, were not statistically significant. Peak levels of CCK, a potent stimulant of gallbladder contraction, and of pancreatic polypeptide, an inhibitor of gallbladder contraction, were significantly higher (P less than .05-P less than .005) after administration of CCK than after ingestion of each fatty meal, but this did not significantly affect emptying rate or maximal contraction. We conclude that the use of intravenous CCK does not offer any advantage over the ingestion of fatty meals in radiographic studies of gallbladder involving induced contractions. PMID- 3898223 TI - Percutaneous aspiration, drainage, and biopsies in children. AB - Percutaneous aspiration, drainage, and biopsy techniques can be performed safely and effectively in infants and children. Over the past 4 years we performed 11 aspiration, nine drainage, and 14 biopsy procedures in patients aged 1 day to 17 years. Success was achieved in 88% and 93% of drainages and biopsies, respectively. Our experience suggests that aspiration and drainage procedures are effective in the diagnosis and management of fluid collections and are often the only procedure required and that percutaneous biopsy techniques are applicable to the pediatric population. PMID- 3898224 TI - Digital subtraction angiography: a review of cardiac applications. PMID- 3898225 TI - Ultrasonic characterization of myocardium. PMID- 3898226 TI - Molecular genetic approaches to neurologic and psychiatric diseases. PMID- 3898227 TI - Health consequences of acute and chronic marihuana use. AB - Chemical content, assay procedures, and pharmacokinetics of cannabis sativa are discussed briefly. Cannabinoid cellular effects relating to chromosomes and immunity including cellular metabolism and allergic reactions are presented. Gross and microscopic brain pathology due to cannabis use is reviewed involving EEG alterations, psychopathology including aggressive behaviour as well as properties of psychomotor impairment, tolerance and dependence. Cardiopulmonary effects of marihuana are recorded under pulmonary pharmacological effects including the macrophage defense system and effects of smoke constituents; under cardiovascular effects cardiac toxicity and possible mechanism of action are discussed. Alterations of reproductive hormonal production and maturation of reproductive cells by marihuana in males and females with attendant impairment of reproductive function or fertility including reproductive outcome are reported. Field studies with healthy chronic cannabis users in Jamaica, Greece and Costa Rica are related as to observed medical alterations. Potential clinical effects are summarized in point form. PMID- 3898229 TI - [Sialyltransferase--its properties and physiological significance]. PMID- 3898228 TI - A clinical trial with desglycinamide arginine vasopressin for the treatment of memory disorders in man. AB - In a double-blind cross-over trial the memory effect of the neuropeptide desglycinamide arginine vasopressin (DGAVP) was selected because of its well documented facilitatory effects on memory components in rodents. Patients with stabilized or progressive amnesic disorders (Korsakoff disease, early stages of Alzheimer dementia, head injuries and other central nervous system diseases) did not respond to the drug. Factors possibly explaining the discrepancy with animal research are discussed. PMID- 3898230 TI - [Acylamino acid-releasing enzyme]. PMID- 3898231 TI - Sulindac does not preserve renal prostacyclin synthesis during endotoxemia. AB - Previous reports have suggested that sulindac is a unique non-steroidal anti inflammatory (NSAID) agent, because it does not inhibit renal prostaglandin synthesis in doses that inhibit platelet thromboxane B2 synthesis when tested ex vivo. NSAIDS are of potential therapeutic benefit in the treatment of septic or endotoxic shock. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the proposed unique action of sulindac in experimental endotoxemia. In the current study, the effect of sulindac on aortic, portal and renal venous immunoreactive (i) 6-keto PGF1 alpha levels, the stable metabolite of prostacyclin, was investigated during endotoxemia in the rat. In doses sufficient to reduce the elevation in aortic and portal venous plasma i6-keto-PGF1 alpha levels, sulindac also significantly (p less than 0.05) attenuated the elevated renal venous plasma 6-keto-PGF1 alpha levels, compared to the vehicle group. Using lower doses, sulindac failed to reduce the endotoxin associated increase in either aortic or renal venous plasma i6-keto- PGF1 alpha levels. Thus, sulindac failed to demonstrate any selective sparing effect on renal prostacyclin generation during endotoxemia. PMID- 3898232 TI - Prevention of cecitis in hamsters by certain prostaglandins. AB - Acute inflammation of the colon (cecitis) was produced in hamsters by daily subcutaneous administration of an antibiotic for 3 days. The following prostaglandins completely prevented the cecitis: 16,16-dimethyl-PGE2, 15(R)-15 methyl-PGE2, and 2-acetyl-2-decarboxy-15(S)-15-methyl-PGF2 alpha. PGF2 beta was less active. The synthesis of 2-acetyl-2-decarboxy-15(S)-methyl-PGF2 alpha is described. Castor oil also prevented the cecitis and peanut oil exerted partial protection. Since these oils contain linoleic acid, a precursor of PGE1, protection may have been due to endogenous formation of that prostaglandin. A partial block of the protective effect of castor oil by treatment with indomethacin supports such mechanism. The tissue level of endogenous prostaglandins seems to exert protection since administration of cyclooxygenase inhibitors, indomethacin and aspirin, markedly increased the incidence of cecitis. Magnesium sulfate given orally and sodium salicylate given subcutaneously reduced the incidence of cecitis only partially. The following agents were inactive: loperamide, an antidiarrheic agent; carbachol, a cholinergic and diarrheogenic agent, atropine, an anticholinergic agent; and acetazolamide, a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. These results, show that certain prostaglandins, which have been shown earlier to be cytoprotective for the stomach and the small intestine, are cytoprotective for the large intestine as well. PMID- 3898233 TI - Fundamental principles in the fabrication of a ceramic fixed partial denture: porcelain addition (II). PMID- 3898234 TI - Abutment preparation modifications for removable partial denture rest seats. PMID- 3898235 TI - The simulation of natural tooth colors in the ceramo-metal system with highly chromatized dentin powders. PMID- 3898236 TI - The possible role of radiotherapy in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: a critical review. AB - The few clinical studies which have utilized irradiation as a treatment modality for chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) during the last two decades have led to rather conflicting and sometimes disappointing results. Low-dose total body irradiation (TBI) and extracorporeal, or mediastinal, radiotherapy did not appear to be superior to chemotherapy in most trials. Only the fractionated low-dose (600-800 rad) splenic irradiation was found to induce a long-lasting decrease of the lymphocyte count and a decrease in bone marrow infiltration in a significant proportion of cases, without any noticeable haematological toxicity. But new data is recently emerging; stratification of CLL in various subgroups, better understanding of the role of the normal T-cell subsets, better knowledge of the interaction between irradiation and haematopoiesis, and of the radiosensitivity of the various lymphocyte subpopulations. Thus one can now reconsider the possible role radiotherapy, and particularly splenic irradiation, can play as an alternative treatment to chemotherapy for CLL. Haematological toxicity is still limiting the use of TBI. The spleen irradiation avoids this drawback. Recent data suggest that this splenic irradiation could be efficient by means of several mechanisms; the successive destruction, fraction after fraction, of the part of the malignant lymphocyte clone present in the spleen is likely to be the main therapeutic explanation, with the knowledge that the lower the differentiation of the malignant clone, the more efficacious the irradiation. But in parallel, the destruction of the large subset of T-suppressors which is constantly present in the spleen may account for the improvement of the peripheral blood count after splenic irradiation, and possibly for a direct effect towards the malignant clone. With respect to these new data, splenic irradiation clearly needs further clinical evaluation in the treatment of CLL. PMID- 3898238 TI - [Radiation as a microbiological contamination control of drugs, cosmetics and medical devices]. PMID- 3898237 TI - Characterization of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) insulin. AB - Insulin has been isolated from islet tissue of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) by gel filtration and HPLC and the complete amino acid sequence has been determined. The sequence differs from bovine insulin at 14 sites but all interchanges are conservative from the viewpoint of preservation of conformation. A comparison of insulin sequences from other fish is presented. Salmon insulin cross-reacts very weakly with antiserum to bovine insulin and vice versa. A completely homologous radioimmunoassay has been developed and used to estimate the insulin in salmon islet tissue and in plasma. The hypoglycemic effect of salmon insulin in salmon was more pronounced and persisted longer than that caused by identical doses of bovine insulin. PMID- 3898239 TI - [Clinical picture and diagnosis based on integrated images. Rational approach and medical results]. PMID- 3898240 TI - [Clinical control of the quality of dynamic echography]. AB - The performances of 4 real-time scanners (2 mechanical sector scanners and 2 linear electronic scanners) have been tested. The clinical test used was the examination of liver, gallbladder and biliary tract and in other circumstances the examination of kidney and breast. The quality of the scanners has been judged on the ground of four parameters: the diagnostic quality of the image (DQI) the overall quality of the image (OQI), the efficiency of the exploration (EE) and feasibility of use (FU). The ideal conditions of use for each technology are described and the authors emphasize the impact of improved technology on the quality of the ultrasonographic scanners. PMID- 3898241 TI - [Accessory spleen: echographic images]. AB - In a three-year period, 25 cases of accessory spleen were diagnosed by means of ultrasound. Accessory spleens were demonstrated to be eterotopic nodes of normal splenic tissue, situated usually near the main spleen, to which they may be bound by a pedicle. Their dimensions are usually less than 2 cm. Accessory spleen is usually present in a 10% of normal subjects and represents a TC or US occasional finding. When large, the accessory spleen causes problems about a differential diagnosis with neoplasms of the left upper quadrant. It must not be confused with polysplenia or with splenosis; TC, angiography and scintigraphy may be useful in these cases. PMID- 3898242 TI - [The real usefulness of a systemic intestinal preparation for echotomography of the upper abdomen]. PMID- 3898243 TI - [Coexistence of intra- and extra-uterine pregnancy. Presentation of a case]. PMID- 3898244 TI - [Gastric leiomyosarcoma. Presentation of a case]. PMID- 3898245 TI - Metal provisional crowns and bridges. PMID- 3898246 TI - Improving the retention of cast restorations. PMID- 3898247 TI - Surgical treatment of an advanced chronic periodontitis affecting bridge abutments. PMID- 3898248 TI - The diagnostic use of provisional restorations. PMID- 3898249 TI - [Decrease in the hepatic degradation of insulin in obesity]. PMID- 3898250 TI - [Imported malaria in Guipuzcoa. Presentation of 21 cases]. PMID- 3898251 TI - [Primary pulmonary cryptococcosis]. PMID- 3898252 TI - [Risk factors for atherosclerotic diseases in the Prospective Parisian Study I. Comparison with foreign studies]. AB - Risk factors of clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis are compared in prospective studies, including the Paris Prospective Study I. Cholesterol and blood pressure are linked to the 3 manifestations of coronary heart disease (angina, infarction and sudden death), but tobacco is not linked to angina. Peripheral vascular diseases are associated with tobacco and, to a lesser extent, with blood pressure; the association with serum cholesterol is inconstant. Stroke is especially linked to blood pressure, but the association with cholesterol or tobacco differs between populations. The etiology of atherosclerosis seems variable according to clinical manifestations and populations. PMID- 3898253 TI - [Multifactorial primary prevention trials in ischemic heart disease]. AB - Two randomized multifactorial primary preventive trials (Oslo, MRFIT) are conducted among high-risk subjects with personalized intervention. Multifactorial risk is reduced in both trials, but serum cholesterol differs among groups only in Oslo where the incidence of severe cases is significantly lowered. The WHO cooperative trial allocates at random groups of subjects with a mainly collective intervention. Among the 4 national projects, incidence or mortality are only reduced when multifactorial risk and serum cholesterol are reduced. A community programme has been conducted during 10 years in North Karelia where the risk factor levels and mortality have decreased more than in the next reference area. The whole of the results is rather consistent: a quantitative relationship is put forward between the reduction of multifactorial risk and the frequency of the disease when a certain reduction of serum cholesterol is obtained. Prevention is now a public health problem. PMID- 3898255 TI - Perioperative and adjuvant chemotherapy in gastric cancer. PMID- 3898254 TI - [Multiple myeloma]. PMID- 3898256 TI - Effect of chemotherapy and radiotherapy on wound healing: experimental studies. PMID- 3898257 TI - Techniques for avoiding surgical complications in chemotherapy-treated cancer patients. PMID- 3898258 TI - Preoperative chemotherapy: advantages and clinical application in stage III breast cancer. AB - Many lines of evidence support the view that BC is all too often a systemic disease and that micrometastases become enhanced after resection of the primary. Assuming that these two basic considerations do in fact apply, it can be argued that systemic treatment as the initial attack against operable BC has several advantages over the conventional postoperative adjuvant therapy: (a) Systemic treatment before operation may destroy clonogenic cells in the primary tumor which are responsible for the development of metastases; (b) primary tumor shrinkage following systemic therapy may serve as an early, simple, and inexpensive index of the overall chemosensitivity of the tumor; (c) systemic treatment as soon as the diagnosis is made may prevent the development of drug resistant mutations, which are likely to form spontaneously early in the natural history of the disease; (d) preoperative chemotherapy may suppress the production of tumor-elaborated substances that protect the tumor from immune destruction by the host; (e) the average delay of about 1 month in the treatment of micrometastases in the postoperative adjuvant setting leads to at least a 30% increase of micrometastatic tumor burden, which can be prevented by preoperative treatment; (f) a number of other considerations suggest that the maximal chemosensitivity of each tumor exists at the earliest possible point in time, i.e., at the time of diagnosis; (g) after the initial postchemotherapy immunosuppression immunity recovers, in fact exceeding the pretreatment level, and if surgery is performed during this phase of heightened immunity chemotherapy is utilized as an immunostimulating agent; and finally (h) as more effective systemic agents are discovered, locoregional treatment with surgery and/or radiotherapy may become progressively more limited and it may ultimately be possible to dispense with these modalities. Experimental evidence scattered in the literature over the past three decades attests to the value of preoperative chemotherapy. Likewise, progressively greater numbers of uncontrolled studies have found preoperative chemotherapy most rewarding in miscellaneous sarcomas and in advanced tumors of the head and neck, kidney, and testes, as well as in a variety of other sites, including the breast.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3898259 TI - Combined effects of a calcium-agonist and hypoglycemic or hyperglycemic sulfonamides upon insulin release. AB - The organic calcium-agonist CGP 28392 augmented insulin release evoked by D glucose in rat pancreatic islets incubated in the presence or absence of gliclazide, but failed to stimulate insulin secretion in the absence of glucose or presence of diazoxide. Gliclazide, however, failed to augment insulin release evoked, in the presence of CGP 28392, by a high concentration of glucose (11.1 mM), and protected the B-cell against the inhibitory action of diazoxide. As judged from the relative magnitude of changes in 45Ca fractional outflow rate from prelabelled islets perifused at an intermediate glucose concentration (7.0 mM), CGP 28392 failed to affect the rapid cationic response to gliclazide, whereas this hypoglycemic sulfonylurea decreased the cationic response to CGP 28392. These results suggest that the functional response to gliclazide is attributable to a molecular mechanism distinct from the prolongation of the open time of calcium channels presumably provoked by the dihydropyridine. PMID- 3898260 TI - Heterophilic leucocytes are the predominant granulocytes in the ovary and ultimobranchial glands of the adult fowl. AB - Pieces of ovary and ultimobranchial gland from adult laying hens were examined by an indirect peroxidase technique which differentiated tissue eosinophil and heterophil leucocytes. The results showed that in both organs, brown-staining peroxidase-positive eosinophils were greatly out-numbered by pink- to red staining heterophils, thus demonstrating that eosinophils are not the dominant granulocyte present, as has been widely reported. It is suggested that the heterophils may be required in a phagocytic role. PMID- 3898262 TI - Review of methods for the determination of ethylenethiourea (imidazolidine-2 thione) residues. PMID- 3898261 TI - Amoxycillin and clavulanic acid combination in the treatment of experimentally induced bacterial cystitis in cats. AB - Clavulanic acid (CA) competitively inhibits beta-lactamase hydrolysis of penicillins in vitro. Treatment with amoxycillin combined with clavulanic acid (A CA) was compared with placebo in a blind study in cats with experimental cystitis caused by Escherichia coli demonstrating in vitro resistance to amoxycillin. Bacterial cystitis was induced in 20 cats by bladder infusion of 5 ml of 0.05 per cent alcoholic salicylic acid followed after 24 hours by a brain-heart infusion broth of E coli (10(8) colony forming units ml-1) previously found to be resistant to amoxycillin in vitro (minimum inhibitory concentration over 512 micrograms ml-1). Four days after infection, cats were randomly divided into two groups of 10 and treated with amoxycillin combined with clavulanic acid or placebo for 10 days. When compared to the placebo-treated group, the A-CA treated group showed: reduced quantitative bacterial counts in urine on days 7 (P less than 0.001) and 14 (P less than 0.02); reduced culture positive urine on days 7 (P less than 0.001) and 14 (P less than 0.001); and less severe inflammation on histological examination of the bladder and urethra (P less than 0.01). It was concluded that A-CA was effective in reducing the bacterial count and reducing the histopathological changes in the bladder and urethra in an experimental model of acute bacterial cystitis in cats infected with an E coli demonstrating in vitro resistance to amoxycillin. PMID- 3898263 TI - [Cardioplegia]. PMID- 3898264 TI - [Farmer's lung disease]. PMID- 3898265 TI - [Constrictive pericarditis]. PMID- 3898266 TI - Effects of high frequency ventilation on lung lymph dynamics and prostaglandin generation. AB - We examined the consequences of high frequency ventilation (HFV) on pulmonary lymph flow (Qlym) in normal lungs and after the lymph flow was increased with an i.v. histamine infusion (2 micrograms/kg/min). Studies were made in the anesthetized sheep prepared with lung lymph fistulas. The sheep were subjected to intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) (frequency (f) = 12 breaths/min, tidal volume (TV) = 10 ml/kg) and HFV (f = 7 Hz, TV = 1-2 ml/kg). TV was adjusted prior to the experiment to achieve normal arterial blood gases. Histamine infusion doubled Qlym and lymph protein clearance (Qlym X lymph-to plasma protein concentration ratio) from baseline. HFV did not affect Qlym and lymph protein clearance in normal lungs or after histamine infusion. HFV also did not result in generation of thromboxane (TxA2) and prostacyclin because plasma concentrations of their stable degradation products, TxB2 and 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha, were not significantly elevated. The results indicate that HFV does not alter lymphatic pumping in the normal lung and during increased transcapillary protein transport. PMID- 3898267 TI - [Nasosinus aspergillosis]. PMID- 3898268 TI - Fertility considerations and procreative alternatives in cancer care. PMID- 3898269 TI - Sexual dysfunction in the gynecologic oncology patient. PMID- 3898270 TI - Pain as a manifestation of cancer treatment. PMID- 3898271 TI - Psychological approaches to the management of cancer-related pain. PMID- 3898272 TI - Relaxation techniques: an adjunct therapy for cancer patients. PMID- 3898273 TI - Acquisition of MHC-restriction specificities: role of thymic stromal cells. PMID- 3898274 TI - Thymic non-lymphoid cells. AB - In formulating this summary of our simon-pure knowledge of the structure/function relationships in the thymus, we decided that the time may have come to introduce a suitable dose of cynicism to balance the sometimes hopeless optimism of the past. Are the non-lymphoid cells of the thymus necessary for thymic function? Probably, but not to the extent or uniqueness that some authors including ourselves have previously claimed; T cells can probably differentiate in other tissues but may acquire their preference for MHC class II in the thymus. Mouse thymic lymphoid cell traffic and surface phenotype has recently been summarized pictorally by Scollay and Shortman [95]. Briefly stated, within the thymus, cells are hatched, matched and then dispatched. Minimally, the non-lymphoid cells act either as scenically varied obstacles along the way, nurseries for newborn T cells, or as tombstones for life's disenfranchized, effete and autoaggressive thymocytes. Hassall's corpuscles are morphological structures unique to the thymus, which are most useful to medical students for identification of this tissue. Their function remains one of life's great mysteries. Morphologically, they are suitable companions to the more recently described strange multicellular complexes of lymphocytes and epithelial cells which might be functionally important. The thymus of the much studied inbred, environmentally mollycoddled, laboratory mouse has been often and majestically described. It is probably typical for that of man and most mammals. It may, however, be unrepresentative of the thymus of stressed and parasitized wild animals. Diseases of the thymus generally can be categorized as not having enough thymus, having a neoplastic thymus or having a thymus which does not work properly. The bottom line in our knowledge of thymic nonlymphoid cells is that if you are born without them, you get sick and die; unless, of course, you are a nude mouse in Omaha, in which case you just freeze to death. PMID- 3898275 TI - Modification of diverse experimental immunosuppressive states by glucan. PMID- 3898276 TI - Intrathymic differentiation: introductory remarks on problems and approaches. PMID- 3898277 TI - Intrathymic differentiation: some unanswered questions. PMID- 3898278 TI - Intrathymic differentiation: thymocyte heterogeneity and the characterization of early T-cell precursors. AB - Multiparameter FCA of unfractionated or isolated subpopulations of thymocytes reveals at least seven subpopulations in the mouse thymus. One of these subpopulations, designated dLy1 has been isolated and characterized extensively. The data reviewed here indicate that the dLy1 thymocyte subpopulation, whether derived from the adult or fetal thymus, represents an early stage in intrathymic differentiation. The immature status of dLy1 cells was suggested by the extensive similarity to a predominant cell type that occurs early in fetal thymic ontogeny. Its precursor role was demonstrated by its capacity to generate cortical and medullary-type thymocytes in vivo. Its expression of Ly1, Thy-1 and mRNA specific for the beta-chain of the T-cell antigen receptor support its commitment to a T cell developmental pathway. In summary, dLy1 thymocytes appear to be the earliest committed T cells yet to be described, isolated and characterized. Further investigation should reveal whether this subpopulation of thymocytes contains subsets of cells in earlier states of maturation and/or precursors already committed to more than one T-cell lineage. PMID- 3898279 TI - Thymopentin in experimental and clinical medicine. PMID- 3898280 TI - Thymopentin as adjuvant therapy to hepatitis B vaccination in formerly non-or hyporesponding hemodialysis patients. AB - Thirteen patients who were on chronic hemodialysis for renal failure received booster vaccination with 40 micrograms HB-Vax while receiving thymopentin as adjuvant therapy. A 50-mg dose of thymopentin was administered subcutaneously 3 times weekly for 3 weeks and vaccination was given after the first week's treatment. Seven of the 13 patients had never developed any measurable anti-HBs titers in spite of 4-5 previous vaccinations, although 6 out of these 7 had used interferon as adjuvants to their last vaccination. The remaining 6 patients were hyporesponders, but the antibodies had vanished in all before the study was started. Twelve out of the 13 patients developed anti-HBs after revaccination while on thymopentin adjuvant therapy. The antibody production started in most cases within 2 weeks after the booster HB-Vax and showed an increasing trend for up to 6 weeks. Protective titers persisted in the responder cases for the duration of the study (2-3 months). Thus thymopentin may represent a valuable tool to achieve a successful hepatitis B vaccination in hemodialysis patients. PMID- 3898281 TI - Thymopentin as adjuvant to hepatitis B vaccination. Results from three double blind studies. AB - The influence of adjuvant thymopentin therapy on the effect of vaccination with HB-Vax was investigated in three independent double-blind studies in which three different time/dose schedules of the adjuvant therapy were used. The first study was conducted with 30 hemodialyzed patients who had previously been non- or hyporesponders. Forty and 26 nonvaccinated hemodialyzed patients were chosen for the two additional studies. A 50-mg dose of thymopentin or placebo was administered subcutaneously in all studies. In one study, in which only one adjuvant injection was administered simultaneously with each vaccine injection, thymopentin inhibited the antibody response. On the contrary, in the other two studies, in which three injections of adjuvant were administered during the week following the vaccination (in one of these studies three injections were also given before the vaccination), no difference in the effect of vaccination was observed in patients on either placebo or thymopentin. Comparison of the results of the present studies with those of earlier observations emphasizes the importance of time/dose schedules of adjuvant therapy in vaccination. PMID- 3898282 TI - Thymopentin structure and relation to thymic factors. AB - High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to evaluate the purity and batch-to-batch consistency of four commercially available thymic extracts and thymopentin, the synthetic pentapeptide corresponding to the biologically active region of the thymic hormone thymopoietin. The thymus extracts were all extremely heterogeneous, differing one from the other. Additionally, they showed high batch to-batch variation. In contrast, thymopentin was homogeneous and this homogeneity was consistent in different batches. PMID- 3898283 TI - In vitro influence of thymopentin on proliferative responses and phytohemagglutinin-induced interleukin 2 production in normal human lymphocyte cultures. AB - Peripheral human blood lymphocytes from healthy blood donors were investigated in vitro to observe the influence of different doses of thymopentin on nonstimulated proliferation, candidin-stimulated proliferation, and phytohemagglutinin (PHA) induced interleukin 2 (IL2) production. Concentrations of thymopentin ranging from 0.01 to 10,000 ng/ml were used. The proliferation response in non-stimulated cultures was significantly higher in the presence of 0.01, 1, 10, 1,000, and 10,000 ng/ml of thymopentin. There was no significant increase with 0.1 or 100 ng/ml of thymopentin. Thus, three separate peaks were present in these unstimulated cultures: at a concentration of 0.01 ng/ml; between 1 and 10 ng/ml, and between 1,000 and 10,000 ng/ml. These peaks possibly represent three different subpopulations with different sensitivities to different concentrations of thymopentin. Candidin-induced proliferation was significantly higher only at concentrations of 1 and 10 ng/ml of thymopentin, corresponding to the second peak in the unstimulated culture. No other thymopentin concentrations induced significant increase in the candidin-stimulated cultures. No IL2 production was observed in the unstimulated cultures, even in the presence of thymopentin. On the contrary, preincubation with different concentrations of thymopentin influenced PHA-induced IL2 production. A significant increase in the IL2 level was observed in the supernatant of the cultures if 1,000 ng/ml of thymopentin was used in the preculture period. This concentration corresponds to the third peak in the unstimulated cultures. No significant changes were observed with other concentrations of thymopentin. As the measured value of IL2 is a result of a balance between IL2 production and utilization, the above-mentioned findings need further investigation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3898284 TI - Thymopentin treatment in a patient with pluriorificial pyoderma vegetans. AB - This paper presents longitudinal clinical and immunological findings in a patient with a life-long history of pluriorificial pyoderma vegetans, a disease characterized by a distinct immunodeficiency of T lymphocytes. After treatment with thymopentin, 50 mg s.c. three times weekly for 12 weeks, the number of T lymphocytes in peripheral blood normalized, while other impaired immunological functions failed to improve, however. The most impressive observation was the significant clinical improvement of the patient's condition. PMID- 3898285 TI - Thymopentin treatment of selective IgA deficiency. AB - Thymic hormones have been shown to modulate immunoglobulin production in a number of experiments and it is generally agreed that this action is mediated by modulation of helper and/or suppressor T cell activities. The possibility of upregulating the immunoglobulins is of particular relevance in patients with hypogammaglobulinemias and this paper reports on the results of thymopentin treatment in 9 patients with selective IgA deficiency. Two out of 4 patients responded positively in an open-label trial; in one the serum IgA values remained stable up to 8 weeks after discontinuation of treatment whereas there was a rapid fall in the other. Both responders had consistently normal T4/T8 ratios during the treatment, whereas the nonresponders revealed high ratios with large fluctuations of the T4/T8 ratio. In a subsequent (still ongoing) double-blind trial in 5 patients (3 thymopentin, 2 placebo) no significant change of serum or secretory IgA levels has been observed. Taken together, the data suggest that the tested dose regimen of thymopentin (i.e. daily i.m. injections of 1 mg/kg for 2 weeks, then same dose 3 time weekly for 10 weeks) may only work in a subset of patients with selective IgA deficiency. In the present study we did not attempt to distinguish to which of the three known subgroups the 9 patients belonged, nor did we try alternative dose regimens of thymopentin. PMID- 3898286 TI - Thymopentin in chronic Trichophyton rubrum infection. AB - The case histories of 2 patients with chronic Trichophyton rubrum infections are presented. Both subjects had previously been treated systemically with griseofulvin, but had to be dropped from therapy due to adverse reactions. Topical treatment alone yielded unsatisfactory results. Thymopentin, 50 mg, administered subcutaneously three times weekly for a period of 6 weeks, induced rapid improvement within 3 weeks and almost complete remission 3 weeks later, although the fungi were still present on the skin. This beneficial effect lasted for up to 7 months after cessation of thymopentin therapy. Reinstitution of treatment produced the same response pattern. The clinical and immunological implications of these findings are briefly discussed; thymopentin is believed to enhance the suggested impaired cellular immunity in patients with chronic T. rubum infections. PMID- 3898287 TI - Thymopentin: safety overview. AB - This paper reviews all available data on thymopentin derived from the extensive preclinical safety program; most of those studies have been concluded, only the carcinogenicity studies are nearing completion. The overview also compiles the safety parameters generated from patients treated with thymopentin for different clinical conditions; in some cases treatment lasted for 12-24 months (56 patients). Different doses and modes of administration were used. The percentage of patients with side effects was comparable to the incidences in the placebo groups. Thymopentin was also well tolerated when administered concomitantly with a long list of drugs given for other reasons. The overall conclusion in that thymopentin is a safe compound. PMID- 3898288 TI - Safety of thymopentin. Data from European clinical studies. AB - The safety data collected from 196 patients treated with thymopentin during the clinical development of this compound in Europe are reviewed and compared with the incidence of adverse drug reactions experienced when using a commercial nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drug. Quantitatively side effects are reported in the same range for both drugs, however, they appear to be quite different when classified by body systems. Some patients complained about somnolence, and it is speculated whether this symptom might be related to thymopentin's known effect on the neuromuscular junction. The general conclusion is that thymopentin is an extremely well tolerated drug when used according to the dose regimens recommended. PMID- 3898289 TI - Thymopentin: stability considerations and potency by various routes of administration. AB - Thymopentin, the synthetic pentapeptide Arg-Lys-Asp-Val-Tyr corresponding to amino acids 32-36 of thymopoietin, was rapidly degraded in human plasma (T 1/2 = 30 s) and this was shown to be due to proteolytic enzymes in plasma. The biological potency of thymopentin varied greatly with the route of administration, a finding possibly related to its short half-life. Intravenous infusion provided the most potent and bolus intraperitoneal injection the least potent mode of administration. Thus the route and rate of administration are critical factors in determining the effective dose being received by the animal. PMID- 3898290 TI - Herpes simplex. Clinical and pathogenetic aspects. AB - Primary infection with herpes simplex virus of either type 1 or type 2 occurs frequently, however, recurring disease develops in only a small fraction of the population. Circulating antibodies against the virus do not prevent relapses. The cell-mediated immunity probably is more important in determining whether triggering factors will activate the latent infection or not. Changes in the cell mediated immunity may be one of the factors involved in the pathogenesis of the relapses. New methods for the rapid diagnosis of herpes simplex virus have been developed. These methods (immunofluorescence, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) have a very good specificity, but a somewhat lower sensitivity than conventional viral cultures. Topical treatment can be expected to influence the course of the actual recurrence. Systemic treatment ought to have greater potential in affecting the relapse rate as well, either by a direct effect on the virus or by means of immunomodulation, e.g., with thymopentin. PMID- 3898292 TI - Effect of thymopentin on the mortality and immune response after an experimental herpes simplex infection in mice. AB - The effect of thymopentin on the mortality rate of mice treated with lethal doses (LD90) of herpes virus 2 and on the cytotoxic T cell activity after sublethal doses (LD10) of herpes virus was investigated in two series of experiments. Doses of 1, 0.1 or 0.01 ng of thymopentin per g/mouse were administered i.p. in each experiment, either 3 days before, 3 days (66 h) after, or 3 and 6 days after the herpes virus infection. The cumulative mortality rate was evaluated 10 days after the infection. Cytotoxic T cell activity was measured 3, 7 and 14 days after the infection. The 0.1-ng dose of thymopentin reduced the mortality rate to less than 50% (p = 0.0000) if it was administered 3 days before the infection. A single injection of any dose after infection did not reduce the mortality at all, while two injections of 0.1 ng reduced it by about 25% (p = 0.0038). A 1-ng dose showed a mild but significant reduction (p = 0.0313) if it was applied 3 days before the infection. The cytotoxic T cell activity was either not influenced or significantly modified (p less than 0.05), i.e. increased or decreased as compared to the control, depending on the dose and timing of thymopentin. A correlation between increased cytotoxic T cell activity and protection against mortality can be demonstrated, while no protection was observed in dose regimens where the cytotoxic T cell activity became reduced. The results are discussed in connection with earlier clinical studies in which the beneficial effect of thymopentin has been demonstrated in frequently relapsing herpes labialis and herpes genitalis patients. PMID- 3898291 TI - Prevention of recurrences in frequently relapsing herpes labialis with thymopentin. A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled multicenter study. AB - The present randomized, placebo-controlled double-blind multicenter study included a population of 36 subjects with frequent recurrences (at least once a month) of herpes labialis. Most of the patients had failed to respond adequately to previous treatment with other therapeutic tools, including acyclovir. Either 50 mg of thymopentin or of placebo was administered 3 times a week, by the subcutaneous route, for 6 weeks. Subsequently, the patients were observed for nearly 6 months on the average. The results achieved with thymopentin for the individual parameters were significantly superior to those obtained with placebo; thus significant improvement was seen in patients on thymopentin in the duration of the longest symptomfree period (prolonged from 2.1 weeks to 20.9 weeks, p = 0.000), in the number of relapses (reduced from 1.6 to 0.4 episodes/month, p = 0.001), and in the total duration of herpes symptoms per month (shortened from 2.0 to 0.3 weeks, p = 0.000). Placebo treatment also resulted in considerable improvement (p less than 0.05 or 0.01), but was significantly inferior to the improvement obtained with thymopentin. The longest symptomfree period in the placebo group was prolonged from 2.4 to 11.2 weeks. The number of relapses per month was reduced from 1.4 to 0.8, and the total duration of herpes symptoms per month from 2 to 0.9 weeks. The results of intergroup analyses, in which the observed parameters and the improvement achieved in either group were compared, significantly favored thymopentin treatment. The effect of thymopentin was in all but one parameters superior to that of placebo and highly significant (p less than 0.01). PMID- 3898293 TI - Thymopentin treatment in AIDS and pre-AIDS patients. AB - Three pilot studies testing thymopentin in AIDS patients are presented. One study included 5 patients with the full-blown syndrome, all treated with 50 mg thymopentin 3 times a week by intravenous slow infusion; no immunologically nor clinically positive results were observed, indicating that the T cell pool in such patients is severely depleted. Six other patients with the prodromal stage of AIDS were treated 1 month with 50 mg thymopentin administered as an intravenous bolus injection 3 times weekly and thereafter for another month with same dose regimen as intravenous slow infusions. The patients on infusion therapy experienced statistically significant immunological improvements; these positive findings were paralleled with an improvement of the patients' clinical condition. These positive responses persisted for an average of 8 months. In another group of 5 pre-AIDS patients thymopentin was administered via the subcutaneous route using 15 mg 3 times weekly; only 1 patient revealed immunological and clinical improvement. In summary, only patients with the pre-AIDS syndrome are likely to benefit from immunomodulation therapy with thymopentin, and the mode of administration seems to be crucial. PMID- 3898294 TI - Thymopentin treatment in patients with chemotherapy-resistant lepromatous leprosy. AB - Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae; it is chiefly involving the skin and peripheral nerves. In lepromatous leprosy there are widespread loose infiltrates with M. leprae multiplying extensively in the skin macrophages and Schwann cells of peripheral nerves. Such patients reveal a decrease of circulating T helper cells, which is still more pronounced in the cutaneous lesions. Due to the ever increasing bacterial resistance to classical dapsone and combined chemotherapy as well, an immunomodulatory approach seemed reasonable: Eight patients with long-lasting (5-40 years) disease who had become resistant to combined chemotherapy were treated with thymopentin, 50 mg s.c., 3 times weekly for 5 weeks and thereafter combined with dapsone and clofazimine for 5 months. During the trial a statistically significant increase in E-rosette forming cells (p less than 0.05) was observed, along with a steady improvement of the bacterial status of the nasal mucus. Although the skin lesions did not disappear within the observation period of the study, it is important to realize that long-term improvement of such lesions is always initiated by clearance of bacilli from the nasal mucus, hence, thymopentin treatment appears to be a promising approach to chemotherapy-resistant lepromatous lepra. PMID- 3898295 TI - Rationale for thymopentin as therapeutic agent in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Etiology and pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is reviewed, with special emphasis on immunological factors. A common feature in active RA seems to be the decreased T cell suppressor/cytotoxic response, also reflected in an increased OKT4/OKT8 ratio. As the presence of several subgroups in patients is possible, the therapeutic approach may differ accordingly. Different disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) are discussed in this context; their most characteristic features are slow onset of action (i.e., after several months) and improvement in immunological parameters. Although thymopentin does possess the latter property, it is not considered a DMARD at the present time. The action of thymopentin sets in within a few weeks, and it is speculated whether this may be due to its possible hormonal effects (via beta-endorphins, prostaglandins, etc.). PMID- 3898296 TI - Some observations on various dose regimens of thymopentin treatment in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Eight patients suffering from active rheumatoid arthritis were treated with thymopentin, 50 mg, administered as fractionated intravenous infusion over 10 min 3 times weekly for 3-20 weeks. Seven patients experienced clear-cut amelioration of symptoms and signs after just 2-4 weeks of treatment, and this improvement lasted for 6-8 weeks after thymopentin had been discontinued. Comparable positive results were observed in 2 patients who later continued thymopentin therapy by subcutaneous administration. Several subcutaneous dose regimens were tried; the optimal response appears to be achieved with 100-150 mg three times weekly and 150-200 mg twice a week, respectively. Because the subcutaneous therapeutic approach is more attractive to the patient-and also more practical for the physician-it should be investigated further. PMID- 3898297 TI - Thymopentin in active rheumatoid arthritis. An open, monitored study in 16 patients. AB - The present paper reports on 16 patients with active rheumatoid arthritis who were treated with thymopentin administered as intravenous prolonged injections (one push of 5 mg every minute for 10 min) three times weekly for 3 consecutive weeks. Thirteen patients were evaluated, including a follow-up period of 2 months. Most patients improved clinically already after 5 injections. The overall data showed a statistically significant improvement (p less than 0.05) at the end of treatment; this favorable effect lasted for 6-7 weeks after thymopentin was discontinued. Standard laboratory tests and immunological parameters did not reveal any meaningful findings, hence, it can only be speculated about thymopentin's mechanism of action. It is suggested that the dose regimen is very critical as to therapeutic outcome when using an immunomodulating drug in clinical medicine. PMID- 3898298 TI - Confirmative study of the effectiveness of thymopentin in active rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Forty-one patients with active rheumatoid arthritis entered a controlled double blind randomized study. Of these patients, 21 received prolonged intravenous injections (10 min) of thymopentin 50 mg three times a week for 3 consecutive weeks, whereas 20 received placebo. Both groups were comparable with regard to clinical parameters. No immunological tests were performed. Analysis of the results after 3 weeks showed that the improvement in the thymopentin group was statistically significant (p less than 0.05 or p less than 0.01) for all clinical parameters, except for the left-hand grip strength. On the other hand, no significant improvement was observed for any parameter, except morning stiffness, in the patients on placebo. The intergroup comparison showed statistically significant differences, favoring thymopentin over placebo treatment, in the Ritchie index, the scores of swollen joints, the assessment of severity of pain, and the scores for changes in the activity of the disease. The present placebo controlled double blind study thus confirms the positive results generated in a similar open study, i.e., the beneficial therapeutic effect of prolonged intravenous injections of thymopentin in patients with severe rheumatoid arthritis. The drug appears to be safe at the dose regimen used. PMID- 3898299 TI - Modulation of immune response in aged humans through different administration modes of thymopentin. AB - Thymopentin, a synthetic pentapeptide corresponding to the active site of thymopoietin, has been shown to restore antibody production in old mice. A decrease in immune response can also be observed in elderly humans, which is mainly caused by defective T cell function. The present study shows that the immunomodulating properties of thymopentin involve both specific and nonspecific responses in a population of elderly people vaccinated with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) antigen. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that these effects depend upon the mode of administration of thymopentin: The specific KLH antibodies (IgM and IgG), measured by solid-phase radioimmunoassay, reach the highest titers after subcutaneous injection. The lowest titers are produced after intravenous injections, whereas the responses to placebo are between these two ranges. The nonspecific immunoglobulin production, measured by nephelometry, does not follow the same pattern, suggesting that different regulatory mechanisms are involved. Future implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 3898300 TI - [Enkephalinase, an enzyme in the catabolism of neuropeptides and circulating hormones]. PMID- 3898301 TI - [South American leishmaniasis in medical practice. Therapeutic problems]. PMID- 3898302 TI - [The differential diagnosis of pleurisy]. PMID- 3898303 TI - [100 years later. The discovery of the tetanus bacillus (1884)]. PMID- 3898304 TI - [The University Medical Polyclinic in Geneva and its history]. PMID- 3898305 TI - How does Toxoplasma gondii enter host cells? AB - Toxoplasma gondii, an obligate intracellular protozoal parasite, is the etiologic agent of toxoplasmosis. A main event in the pathologic course of this organism is the infection of both phagocytic cells and "nonprofessional phagocytes"--e.g., heart cells--and the subsequent destruction of these cells following massive multiplication of the parasite therein. There are two mechanisms of invasion. The parasite may enter a cell such as a macrophage by the well-known mechanism of phagocytosis without triggering its own death inside the cell. By the other process, communication of the parasite's apical pole and the host cell membrane may evoke a sequence of invasion steps different from that of phagocytosis. This invasion process involves the cooperation of the host cell and the parasite. The entry of the parasite is characteristically a rapid process that requires the input of energy by both of the cells involved. A series of cytochalasin-sensitive morphologic changes that are undergone by the parasite and the host cell lead to the interiorization of the parasite. Chemical factors, as well as membrane composition, microviscosity, and membrane structures on the host cell membrane, modulate the parasite's entry. PMID- 3898306 TI - Group B streptococcal vaccines. AB - In recent years group B Streptococcus (GBS) has been recognized as a major perinatal pathogen. As with other encapsulated bacteria, protective immunity appears to correlate with serum antibody specific for the homologous capsular polysaccharide antigen of each serotype. Since susceptibility of the young infant to disseminated GBS infection relates to type-specific antibody deficiency in maternal serum, immunization of women with purified GBS type-specific polysaccharides has been proposed as a method for the prevention of infant disease through placental transport of protective antibodies. Candidate native polysaccharides from GBS have been purified, immunochemically and structurally characterized, and employed as immunogen in healthy adult volunteers. Native type Ia, II, and III polysaccharides have been shown to be nontoxic, safe, and immunogenic in approximately 65%, 95%, and 70%, respectively, of nonimmune adults. Antibody response to immunization approaches 100% in previously immune volunteers. Vaccine-induced type-specific antibodies to these candidate polysaccharide vaccines promote in vitro opsonophagocytosis, protect animals given a lethal challenge of homologous organisms, and are predominantly of the IgG isotype. Once similar results can be documented in women immunized during the last half of pregnancy, efficacy of these candidate GBS polysaccharide vaccines in the prevention of neonatal and young infant GBS disease should be evaluated. PMID- 3898307 TI - Interpretation and comparison of treatment studies for uncomplicated urinary tract infections in women. AB - Recent treatment trials for uncomplicated urinary tract infection were reviewed to determine most commonly used methodologic approaches and to assess whether methodologic problems often compromise internal validity and comparability of these studies. The 62 studies surveyed fulfilled an average of 56% (standard deviation, 19.2%) of 12 standards necessary for accurate interpretation and comparability. Standards most often met were: reporting the incidence of adverse effects (90%); recording presence or absence of pretreatment symptoms (81%); and describing clinical response to therapy (71%). Standards least often met were: having adequate statistical power to detect a meaningful difference between therapies (21%); double-blinded assigning of treatment regimens (37%); and clearly defining criteria for diagnosing cure and failure (35%). Two recurring characteristics that impaired both interpretation of individual studies and comparisons between studies were failure to separately randomize or stratify patients with risk factors known to adversely affect therapeutic response and inadequate description of outcome measures. Consideration of these factors and use of a proposed system for classifying therapeutic outcome in future treatment trials would improve the basis for clinical decision making. PMID- 3898308 TI - Beta-hemolytic group F streptococcal bacteremia: a study and review of the literature. AB - Group F streptococci are part of the oropharyngeal, bowel, and perineal flora. Abscess formation by these organisms most commonly involves the cutaneous system: the next most common sites, in descending order, are the cervicofacial, dental, and intraabdominal areas. Among our population of patients with abscesses, serious infection rarely occurred in otherwise healthy individuals in the absence of trauma. Group F streptococci represented 2% of beta-hemolytic streptococcal isolates from all patients with bacteremia who were hospitalized at Mayo Clinic affiliated hospitals from 1970 to 1980. In five of seven bacteremic patients, some manipulation, perforation, or underlying pathology associated with the gastrointestinal tract existed. Polymicrobial bacteremia was common. All isolates of group F streptococci were susceptible to less than or equal to 0.1 microgram of penicillin/ml. PMID- 3898309 TI - Infections caused by Drechslera species: case report and review of the literature. AB - Organisms belonging to Drechslera species are rare causes of human infection and are considered opportunistic pathogens. Only 10 cases of human infection with these organisms have been reported in the literature; an additional case--that of a healthy young woman with chronic pansinusitis due to Drechslera spicifera causing nasal obstruction and erosion of bone--is described herein. This case was managed successfully by means of surgical debridement and therapy with amphotericin B and ketoconazole. A review of the literature suggests that infections caused by Drechslera species can in fact occur in a healthy host. Involvement of the paranasal sinuses and the central nervous system is common and potentially life-threatening. Appropriate therapy consists of the administration of amphotericin B, either alone or in combination with other antifungal agents, and surgical debridement when indicated. PMID- 3898310 TI - Selective primary health care: strategies for control of disease in the developing world. XIX. Giardiasis. AB - Giardia lamblia infects millions of individuals throughout the world. In developed countries it appears primarily in waterborne epidemics of diarrhea. In developing countries, it is endemic, but only a small proportion of those infected appear ill. This flagellate parasite infects the small intestine of its host and may cause malabsorption and malnutrition, particularly among infants and young children. Little is known about the extent of illness caused by this parasite because few epidemiologic studies have been done; diagnosis is difficult and Giardia carriers frequently are simultaneously infected with other pathogens. Control measures include intermittent treatment of those infected and improved water supply and sanitation. Efforts to control individual infection can only be successful on a temporary basis. The greatest progress in control should derive from efforts to develop an effective vaccine. PMID- 3898311 TI - Classics in infectious diseases. Observations on the sites of removal of bacteria from the blood of patients with bacterial endocarditis. By Paul B. Beeson, Emmett S. Brannon, and James V. Warren. PMID- 3898312 TI - Organization of the lumbar sympathetic outflow to skeletal muscle and skin of the cat hindlimb and tail. PMID- 3898313 TI - [Hypoinsulinemia of alcoholics as independent of the entero-insular axis]. PMID- 3898314 TI - [Insulin secretion in chronic alcoholism]. PMID- 3898315 TI - [Clinical examination of fetal vitality]. PMID- 3898316 TI - [Sampling of chorionic villi during the first trimester of pregnancy]. AB - On the basis of the literature, as well as their own experience, the authors attempt to identify the advantages of sampling of chorionic villi over early amniocentesis in the diagnosis of diseases of the ovum. PMID- 3898317 TI - [Toxoplasmosis in wild and domestic animals of the Botucatu region, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil]. PMID- 3898319 TI - Crown and bridge considerations for light cured composite resins. PMID- 3898320 TI - Cerinate porcelain laminate keeps the dentist, dental laboratory, and the patient smiling. PMID- 3898318 TI - [Therapeutic efficacy of oral oxamniquine in the treatment of prolonged septicemic salmonellosis]. PMID- 3898321 TI - Light cured composite resins in the modern dental laboratory, part 3. PMID- 3898322 TI - The laboratory procedure for the Virginia resin bonded bridge. PMID- 3898323 TI - Laboratory procedure for fabricating Dentacolor custom bonded veneers. PMID- 3898324 TI - The Cannon years: 1961-1984. PMID- 3898325 TI - [The pharmacological approach in hemorheology]. AB - The evaluation of the clinical effectiveness of hemorheological treatment is particularly difficult due to the existence of several physiopathological and technical problems which, up to now, have not been solved. Blood rheological behavior depends on plasma and cellular determinants, and regarding the latter the red cells play a major role. Some hyperviscosity clinical patterns related either to qualitative and quantitative alterations of plasma proteins or to an increase in red blood cells are now treated using mechanical removal techniques, while the pharmacological treatment is disappointing. The anatomo-functional red cell trend can be modified by membrane alterations, by alterations of the cytoplasmatic metabolic systems and by extra-erythrocyte factors. The rheological role of the anatomo-functional integrity of the membrane and the red cell content of Ca2+ and ATP have been evidentiated; the extra-erythrocyte factors are now being carefully studied. At present, a demonstration of the rheological activity and clinical effectiveness of drugs able to modify the erythrocyte levels of Ca2+ and ATP is evident. The pharmacological approach, acting on membrane phospholipids, about which there are several reports, is interesting and also the group of drugs influencing prostaglandin system and platelet aggregation is important. We have only incomplete reports regarding several other drugs. The future of the therapeutic use of drugs acting on blood rheology is interesting, but a final answer will derive only by examining their clinical effectiveness. PMID- 3898326 TI - [Oral surgery prior to prosthodontic treatment]. PMID- 3898327 TI - Heterologous expression in streptomycetes. PMID- 3898328 TI - [The treatment of cutaneous ulcers using micrografts]. PMID- 3898329 TI - [The dialysis and transplantation population in Catalonia]. PMID- 3898330 TI - [Renal insufficiency in Andalusia. Current treatment situation]. PMID- 3898331 TI - [Therapeutic evaluation, development and perspectives in renal transplantation]. PMID- 3898332 TI - [Basic care of patients with renal transplantation (cadaver kidney)]. PMID- 3898333 TI - [Health evaluation, development and perspectives in hepatic transplantation]. PMID- 3898334 TI - [Hepatic transplantation and the nurse of the I.C.U]. PMID- 3898335 TI - [Diagnosis of glomus caroticum tumors with transvenous digital subtraction angiography]. AB - This paper demonstrates the diagnostic value of transvenous DSA in carotid body tumours. Angiographic results in 6 patients show that this method was of diagnostic significance in all cases; in 5 of 6 patients the angiographic diagnosis was confirmed by subsequent surgery. Transvenous DSA, the invasiveness of which is only minimal, is useful in outpatients for identifying obscure palpable tumours of the lateral neck. Unnecessary or even highly dangerous surgical diagnostic interventions can thus be prevented. PMID- 3898336 TI - [Significance and value of ultrasonography in the study of thyroid diseases]. AB - Two hundred-fifty ultrasonic examinations of the thyroid gland were performed in 213 patients within a 2-year period. The size and the structure of the thyroid can be determined by sonography. Ultrasound proved to be of primary importance in the diagnosis of thyroid cysts and provides additional information in other thyroid diseases. Aspiration for cytological examination can be more effective with sonographic guidance. Changes during treatment can also be followed up without discontinuing the suppressive treatment. PMID- 3898337 TI - Hypoglycaemic effect of short acting biosynthetic human and bovine insulin. A comparative study. AB - The aim of the study was to compare the strength of action, the timing of maximal effect and duration of hypoglycaemic effect of biosynthetic human insulin compared to conventional bovine short acting insulin. On that purpose, a modified insulin tolerance test was performed in 10 healthy persons, first with bovine (Kristalni Insulin-Galenika) and a week later, with a biosynthetic human (Bio. Human Insulin-Lilly) insulin in a dose of 0.15 U/kg body weight. The blood samples for estimation of glycaemia (glucose oxidase method) were collected at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60, 90 and 120 minutes. Comparing the degree of hypoglycaemia, the time of its beginning and its duration, it is concluded that there was no statistically significant difference between biosynthetic human and conventional short acting bovine insulin used in a single dose in healthy persons. PMID- 3898338 TI - [Protocol of mandibular reconstruction]. AB - Conventional methods for reconstruction of the mandible require an adequately vascularized receiving bed and total absence of cutaneous and mucosal fluid loss. These conditions are rarely attained during immediate reconstructive surgery and secondary operations are very often of doubtful outcome because of previous infection. A part from the treatment of small post-traumatic loss of substance by means of iliac or costal bone grafts, it is suggested that free osteo (musculo) cutaneous grafts be used for other cases. The flap preferred is one from the anterior iliac crest pediculated on the deep iliac circumflex vessels. PMID- 3898339 TI - [Changes in sialic acid levels in blood platelets in whole-body irradiated rats]. PMID- 3898340 TI - [Post-irradiation changes in acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase activity in blood platelets in rats after whole-body irradiation]. PMID- 3898341 TI - The diagnostic value of different enzymes and standard ECG in acute myocardial infarction. AB - Serum (S) enzyme activity of aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT, E.C. 2.6.1.1.), heat stable lactate dehydrogenase (LD, E.C. 1.1.1.27.), creatine kinase (CK, E.C. 2.7.3.2.) and CK-B subunit and the respective standard electrocardiograms (ECG) were compared in 463 patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction (MI) in order to evaluate sensitivity and specificity. Serum ASAT was analysed daily for 3 days, S-heat stable LD every 12 h for 48-108 h, S-CK and S-CK-B every 6 h for 48 h and ECG once daily for 3 days. All four enzymes had a high sensitivity, varying from 99% for LD to 97% for CK-B. The highest specificity was observed for CK-B and CK (98%) as compared with heat stable LD (91%) and ASAT (74%). Standard ECG showed a high specificity (96%) and a low sensitivity (80%). PMID- 3898342 TI - Immunologic findings of oral lichen planus. AB - Immunofluorescence (IFL) examination in lichen planus (LP) often reveals fibrin deposition in the basement membrane (BM) zone and colloid bodies (CB) giving a positive IgM fluorescence. Oral biopsies were taken from the involved buccal mucosa of 10 LP patients. IFL examination showed fibrin deposition in the BM area of all patients but in none of the seven controls. CB were found in the upper connective tissue of 5/10 oral and 3/3 skin specimens and they were always positive for fibrin, IgM and keratin. Positive staining with keratin antiserum suggests the epithelial origin of CB but the importance of fibrin and IgM staining remains unknown. Double IFL staining revealed that in areas of heavy fibrin deposition and CB formation the laminin and fibronectin staining was absent, suggesting a damage to BM. Moreover, IFL examinations with serum amyloid P (SAP) antiserum and basic fuchsin (BF) showed alterations indicating that upper connective tissue elastic fiber system is also involved in oral LP. PMID- 3898343 TI - Two-year assessment of anterior resin restorations inserted with two acid-etch restorative procedures. AB - Fifty-two pairs of Class III restorations in a microfilled resin Silar were inserted in acid-etched cavities. A bevel preparation was performed along the margin of one cavity (A) whereas the other cavity was treated with the surface active comonomer NPG-GMA before filling (B). After finishing of the restorations, the surface of the type B filling was re-etched and covered with a layer of non composite, low-viscous resin. Following a 2-yr observation period 65 restorations were classified as "good", 33 were "adequate" and 4 were "unsatisfactory" or were replaced during the study period. The only significant difference between type A and type B restorations was marginal discolorations which most frequently were observed along the beveled type A restorations. The occurrence of such failures was increased by marginal deficiencies and occlusion/articulation on the restorations. PMID- 3898344 TI - Replica patterns on composite restorations performed in vivo with different acid etch restorative procedures. AB - 243 experimental Class V restorations using a chemically cured composite resin were inserted in human third molars with the conventional acid-etch restorative procedure and eight modifications of this technique. The teeth were extracted after 4 months and, following demineralization, the filings were examined in SEM concerning their enamel and dentin replica patterns on the inner cavity faced surface. Results showed a significant correlation between the enamel replica patterns and the marginal adaptation of the restorations while the dentin replica patterns did not influence the in vivo adaptation. Furthermore it was found that the improved adaptation obtained by low viscous resin applied as an intermediary layer in etched cavities is due to fewer porosities in the restorative material interface with enamel and dentin. Beveling of preparations prevents stress induced fractures of unsupported enamel prisms along the cavity periphery. Treatment of etched cavities with the surface active comonomer NPG-GMA increases the general interfacial contact between resin restoratives and cavity walls, and surface coating of finished and re-etched restorations fills up spaces created along cavity margins during the filling and finishing procedure. PMID- 3898345 TI - Effect of ethanol and NPG-GMA on replica patterns on composite restorations performed in vivo in acid-etched cavities. AB - 29 experimental Class V restorations using a chemically cured composite resin were inserted in human third molars in cavities which after acid-etching had been treated with absolute ethanol. After extraction and demineralization of the teeth, the fillings were examined in SEM concerning their enamel and dentin replica patterns on the inner cavity-faced surface. The SEM findings were compared with previous findings concerning the replica patterns on fillings from acid-etched cavities and from cavities which after acid-etching had been treated with an ethanol solution of the surface active comonomer N-phenylglycine-glycidyl methacrylate (NPG-GMA). It was found that cavity treatment with absolute ethanol further improved the increased enamel replica patterns obtained with the NPG GMA/ethanol comonomer solution while only the NPG-GMA/ethanol treatment improved the dentin replica patterns. Based on these results the effect of each of the two main components in the comonomer solution on replica patterns on resin restorations could be disclosed. PMID- 3898346 TI - Chronic calcifying pancreatitis. PMID- 3898347 TI - The rate of healing of duodenal ulcers during omeprazole treatment. AB - We have studied the rate of healing of duodenal ulcers in 44 patients treated with omeprazole, 40 mg once daily for 4 weeks, with or without an 80-mg loading dose on day 1. Fourteen patients (32%) had healed by the end of the 1st week's treatment and a further 27 after a further week (giving a cumulative total of 93%). All patients (100%) had healed by the end of the treatment period. There was no significant difference in healing rate between the two treatment groups. Ulcer symptoms were relieved rapidly, and the drug was well tolerated. PMID- 3898348 TI - Ranitidine versus anticholinergic/antacid for duodenal ulcer. A randomized, endoscopically controlled, single-blind multicentre trial. AB - One hundred and forty-nine patients with endoscopically documented duodenal or prepyloric ulcer were randomly allocated to treatment with ranitidine, 150 mg twice daily (75 patients), or glycopyrrobromide, 2 mg three times daily, and antacid suspension, 60 ml/day, with a buffering capacity of 480 mmol/day (74 patients). The patients underwent a thorough prestudy symptom analysis, and endoscopy was performed by an observer who was unaware of the treatment in use. After 4- and 8-week courses of treatment the patients were re-evaluated. Sixty nine patients in the ranitidine group and 66 in the anticholinergic/antacid group completed the trial. Complete ulcer healing was obtained in 60 of the 69 patients (87%) in the ranitidine group and in 50 of the 66 patients (76%) in the anticholinergic/antacid group after 4 weeks of treatment and in 65 (94%) and in 61 (92%), respectively, after 8 weeks of treatment. Forty-three patients had troublesome side effects of either anticholinergic or antacid treatment, and three patients had to interrupt the treatment. There were no serious side effects of ranitidine. This study suggests that ranitidine causes faster ulcer healing than the combination of anticholinergic and antacid. The results show that ranitidine is an effective and safe drug for duodenal ulcer healing, with no troublesome side effects. PMID- 3898349 TI - Ultrasonographic screening for gallstone disease in middle-aged women. Detection rate, symptoms, and biochemical features. AB - Five hundred and forty-seven middle-aged women, selected at random from the population of Malmo, Sweden, were invited to a screening survey for gallstone disease; 424 participated (77.5%). Forty-one had previously been operated on for gallbladder disease. The prevalence of gallstone disease, on the basis of a positive finding at ultrasonography and cholecystography, was 11%. The predictive value of a positive finding at ultrasonography was 86%. Six out of 10 women with gallstone were classified as asymptomatic. Body weight, blood pressure, liver enzymes, fasting blood glucose, and blood lipids, including apolipoprotein-A, did not differ significantly in women with and without gallstone disease. At least 9 out of 10 gallstones appeared to be cholesterol stones. Approximately half were of a size that would make them accessible for dissolution therapy. PMID- 3898350 TI - Parietal cell vagotomy or cimetidine maintenance therapy for duodenal ulcer? A prospective controlled trial. AB - In a prospective controlled trial 86 duodenal ulcer patients with symptoms severe enough to indicate surgery were randomized to a full-dose cimetidine course followed by maintenance therapy for 1 year or parietal cell vagotomy (PCV). The average follow-up period was 57 months. In the group assigned to medical therapy 62% of the patients were free of symptoms during maintenance therapy, and 12% remained well during the follow-up period. Operation was later performed in 35%, whereas 53% had symptomatic recurrence demanding medical treatment regularly. After PCV no patient died, and there were no serious sequelae. The overall recurrence rate was 17%; after treatment of failures 9% continued to have dyspepsia. Since nearly 3/4 of the patients were free of symptoms after PCV, operation seems to be the method of choice in patients with a severe history and fast recurrence after medical therapy. However, the aged and those at high risk of surgery may benefit from cimetidine maintenance therapy. PMID- 3898351 TI - Pirenzepine in erosive duodenitis. A controlled clinical trial versus ranitidine. AB - Fifty-five outpatients with chronic duodenal erosions and no previous ulcer history were treated, in a double-blind fashion, with either pirenzepine (50 mg twice daily) or ranitidine (150 mg twice daily) for 6 weeks. The drugs were equally effective in inducing symptomatic relief. At endoscopic control, 70.4% of subjects in the pirenzepine group and 39.3% of ranitidine-treated patients showed complete healing (p less than 0.05). The results suggest that acid secretion is not an important factor in the pathogenesis of erosive duodenitis and that other mechanisms (such as impaired mucosal blood flow) must be considered. PMID- 3898352 TI - In vivo treatment of rats with monoclonal anti-T-cell antibodies. Immunohistochemical and functional analysis in normal rats and in experimental allergic neuritis. AB - The effects of intraperitoneal injection of monoclonal anti-rat T-lymphocyte antibodies were evaluated immunohistochemically and functionally in normal rats and in rats with experimental allergic neuritis. In the normal animals a single injection of OX8 antibodies, reactive with suppressor/cytotoxic T cells, completely eliminated OX8-reactive cells from peripheral lymphoid organs and from circulation, whereas the 'pan' T-cell-reactive W3/13 antibodies and the helper T cell-reactive W3/25 antibodies only caused a partial elimination of their respective target cells. Injection of the W3/13 and W3/25 antibodies but not of OX8 antibodies led to a diminished responsiveness to allogeneic stimulation in vitro for spleen cells obtained from the treated rats, whereas the OX8 injection caused a complete elimination of the in vitro cytotoxic response to allogeneic cells in the mixed lymphocyte reaction-activated spleen cell population. When Lewis rats were injected with peripheral nerve myelin and Freund's adjuvant for the induction of EAN, treatment with W3/13 antibodies completely prevented the onset of disease, whereas treatment with the OX8 antibodies exaggerated the disease symptoms. PMID- 3898354 TI - [Can environmental noise be injurious to health?]. PMID- 3898353 TI - Transformation of trypomastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi into activators of alternative complement pathway by immune IgG fragments. AB - In this report we examined the capacity of immune IgG fragments to prepare trypomastigote bloodstream forms (TBF) of Trypanosoma cruzi for lysis. F(ab')2 fragments were capable of presensitizing TBF for complement (C) lysis, thus excluding the participation of Fc domains in the C activation process. An intact hinge region of the IgG molecule was not involved either, since the corresponding Fab' were almost as active as the original molecules in preparing TBF for lysis. Fab also retained such activity even after further reduction and alkylation. These findings indicate that neither the portions of heavy chains that make up the hinge region nor the intrachain disulphide bonds are involved in the process. The IgG fragments promoted lysis through the activation of the alternative C pathway (ACP). These results suggest that the immune IgG transforms TBF into ACP activators by blocking the capacity of some parasite cell surface components that are known inhibitors of C activation. PMID- 3898355 TI - [Noise as a risk factor concept in cardiovascular diseases]. PMID- 3898356 TI - [The environment and cancer]. PMID- 3898357 TI - [Use of medical literature data banks in problems of environmental hygiene]. PMID- 3898358 TI - [Diminished use of insecticides in the control of arthropods injurious to health based on their behavior]. PMID- 3898359 TI - [Air burden and respiratory and vascular diseases]. AB - Three atmospheric pollutants are discussed: Sulfur dioxide (SO2) acts as irritant gas on upper airways, trachea and large bronchi. Bronchoconstriction by SO2 is enhanced during work. Dose-response correlation may be observed with SO2 concentrations and bronchial hyperreactivity. Deaths and morbidity rates of patients with COPD parallel peaks of SO2 concentration such as occurred in the 1956 London smog. The mechanisms involved seem to be the same in cross sectional as in long term SO2 effects on human airways. Ozone (O3) is a major irritant pollutant. O3 penetrates deeply into the small airways, kills the macrophages and promotes infections. As peroxide it ruptures the cell membranes and thus lipogenases arise. Neutrophil leukocytes are attracted and transit into the peribronchiolar tissue, an enrichment which may be stopped in hydroxy-urea treated dogs. A marked correlation is observed between peribronchiolar tissue neutrophilia and bronchial hyperreactivity. This may even be a new pathway in the physiopathology of bronchial asthma. Lead is a constituent of exhaust particles and is easily absorbed into the blood. As in the case of drinking-water lead or otherwise absorbed lead, blood lead levels may be markedly reduced by adequate preventive measures. Diastolic and systolic blood pressures correlate significantly with the blood lead level. A further decrease would lower the incidence of myocardial infarctions, strokes and essential hypertension. PMID- 3898360 TI - [Histological study, with emphasis on practical application, of the hoof horn in cattle]. PMID- 3898361 TI - Biotechnology in pharmaceuticals: the Japanese challenge. AB - The products of biotechnology are being developed for new diagnostics and therapeutics, and it is predicted that they will have great impact on the pharmaceutical industry. In the United States, pharmaceutical companies are incorporating biotechnology into their research and development programs, often with the contractual assistance of small biotechnology firms. Their strongest competition is arising in Japan, where there are now concerted government and industry efforts to expand biotechnology capabilities and to optimize commercialization. Strategies used by the United States and Japan to incorporate biotechnology into their pharmaceutical industries are examined and compared. PMID- 3898362 TI - Spatially regulated expression of homeotic genes in Drosophila. AB - The sites of transcript accumulation for six different homeotic loci of the Antennapedia and bithorax gene complexes (ANT-C and BX-C) were identified within embryo tissue sections by in situ hybridization. These six loci belong to the Antennapedia class of the homeo box gene family. Transcripts encoded by each locus are detected primarily in discrete, nonoverlapping regions of the embryonic central nervous system (CNS). The regions of the CNS that contain transcripts encoded by each of these loci correspond to the embryonic segments that are disrupted in mutants for these genes. The maintenance of spatially restricted expression of each ANT-C and BX-C locus could involve hierarchical, cross regulatory interactions that are mediated by the homeo box protein domains encoded by these genes. PMID- 3898363 TI - Genetic damage, mutation, and the evolution of sex. AB - The two fundamental aspects of sexual reproduction, recombination and outcrossing, appear to be maintained respectively by the advantages of recombinational repair and genetic complementation. Genetic variation is produced as a by-product of recombinational repair, but it may not be the function of sexual reproduction. PMID- 3898364 TI - Breast cancer consensus. PMID- 3898365 TI - Structure of the GDP domain of EF-Tu and location of the amino acids homologous to ras oncogene proteins. AB - A 2.7 angstrom resolution x-ray diffraction analysis of a trypsin-modified form of the Escherichia coli elongation factor Tu reveals that the GDP-binding domain has a structure similar to that of other nucleotide-binding proteins. The GDP ligand is located at the COOH-terminal end of the beta sheet and is linked to the protein via a Mg2+ ion salt bridge. The location of the guanine ring is unusual; the purine ring is located on the outer edge of the domain, not deep within a hydrophobic pocket. The amino acids from Pro10 to Arg44 and from Gly59 to Glu190 have been assigned to the electron density with computer graphic techniques, and the resulting model is consistent with all known biochemical data. An analysis of the structure reveals that four regions of the amino acid sequence that are homologous with the family of ras oncogene proteins, termed p21, are located in the vicinity of the GDP-binding site, and most of the invariant amino acids shared by the proteins interact directly with the GDP ligand. PMID- 3898366 TI - A model for the tertiary structure of p21, the product of the ras oncogene. AB - A model was developed for the structure of p21, the protein with a molecular weight of 21,000 that is produced by the ras genes. This model predicts that p21 consists of a central core of beta-sheet structure, connected by loops and alpha helices. Four of these loops comprise the guanine nucleotide binding site. The phosphoryl binding region is made up of amino acid sequences from 10 to 16 and from 57 to 63 of p21. The latter sequence may contain a site for magnesium binding. Amino acids defining guanine specificity are Asn-116 and Asp-119, and sequences around amino acid 145 may contribute to guanine binding. The model makes it possible to visualize how oncogenic mutations of p21 affect interaction with guanine nucleotides. PMID- 3898367 TI - Isolation of a spirochete from the soft tick, Ornithodoros coriaceus: a possible agent of epizootic bovine abortion. AB - A Borrelia-like spirochete was detected in all three parasitic stages of Ornithodoros coriaceus, the soft tick implicated in the epizoology of epizootic bovine abortion. After the spirochete had been isolated, its distinctness from other North American tick-borne borreliae as well as from Spirochaeta aurantia, Treponema pallidum, and Leptospira interrogans serovar pomona was established on the basis of its morphology, protein components, and inability to infect mice. The spirochete is passed trans-stadially and via eggs by ticks, and it is also excreted in coxal fluid after ticks have fed and detached. Circumstantial evidence suggests that the spirochete may be causally related to epizootic bovine abortion. PMID- 3898368 TI - A neuroendocrine marker in tissues of the immune system. AB - Antibodies to chromogranin, a secretory protein marker for the diffuse neuroendocrine system, were used to analyze rat lymphoreticular tissues by means of immunochemistry and immunohistochemistry. Chromogranin-positive cells were present in spleen, lymph node, thymus, and fetal liver. When these organs were gently dispersed and separated on a Ficoll gradient, the chromogranin immunoreactive cells became enriched in the dense red-cell pellets. The unexpected distribution of these neuroendocrine cells in all immunologically relevant structures suggests that they may link the nervous and immunological systems. PMID- 3898369 TI - Validity of serine protease inhibition tests in the evaluation and monitoring of the effect of heparin and its fractions. AB - The advent of heparin fractions for clinical use has prompted a reevaluation of the available methods for the assaying of heparin activity in blood. Newly developed heparin fractions are routinely evaluated in terms of their anti-Xa and anti-IIa amidolytic USP, APTT, and anti-Xa coagulant actions. A wide variation between these assays exists due to the use of nonstandard reagents and varying assay conditions. Amidolytic assays, although more biochemically defined than coagulant assays, do not use a natural substrate and work in a diluted plasma system. This may account for discrepancies and differing sensitivities between results in the amidolytic and coagulant assays. The APTT, PTT, and TT may not be effected by the LMFs, and these are the tests currently used to monitor patients on heparin therapy. A poor correlation is observed between the global tests with the newly developed anti-Xa and anti-IIa assays. Furthermore, marked differences in the inhibitory responses are observed with heparin and its fractions. The anti Xa and anti-IIa assays may provide a more sensitive assay than the APTT, but the poor correlation between assays suggests a multiple effect of heparin and its fractions. Which assay or assays are the best measure of the antithrombotic efficacy of this drug remains to be determined. However, a random selection of an assay is surely not a proper means to monitor these drugs, and a battery of current methodology should be considered.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3898370 TI - Heparin cofactor II and other endogenous factors in the mediation of the antithrombotic and anticoagulant effects of heparin and dermatan sulfate. PMID- 3898371 TI - Clinical use of intrapulmonary heparin. AB - Of 16 patients treated with intrapulmonary heparin at doses between 10,000 and 20,000 U/week for 1592 patient days, or 4.3 years, only one rethrombosed. This patient has a congenital antithrombin III deficiency. However, the use of intrapulmonary heparin, even in this particular patient, has remarkably decreased her thrombotic events as manifested by studying her history of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism prior to starting intrapulmonary heparin. This represents a failure rate of 4.2% in the total of 1592 patient days of therapy, or a rethrombosis rate of 1.4% per year. This recurrence rate is far superior to that reported for warfarin-type therapy or for platelet suppressive therapy. From this limited experience, it appears that heparin is an extremely safe and highly effective mode of outpatient prophylaxis for deep vein thrombosis and thromboembolic disease. The ultimate aim of this study is to determine the possibility of calcium heparin being placed into a hand-held aerosol nebulizer that a patient can use at home on a weekly basis. This would provide a highly convenient, safe, and apparently very efficacious mode of therapy for the long term outpatient prophylaxis of deep vein thrombosis and thromboembolic disease. PMID- 3898372 TI - Heparin fractions and derivatives. AB - Thromboembolic disease continues to plague mankind because it is often detected too late for effective management, because modern therapeutic measures are often inefficiently managed, and because new therapeutic agents and available laboratory tests are ignored. New investigations that continue to be reported in Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis and other journals deserve greater recognition and appreciation. Physicians and other scientists have reached a point at which antithrombotic and hemorrhagic effects of therapeutic anticoagulants can become dissociated if they effectively work together at the many interfaces for research and development among them to harvest the yield of basic research for practical clinical application. PMID- 3898373 TI - Heparin prophylaxis trials of venous thrombosis: a critical review. PMID- 3898374 TI - Development of heparin fractions: some overlooked considerations. PMID- 3898375 TI - Growth factors in human disease: the realities, pitfalls, and promise. PMID- 3898376 TI - Dimethyl sulfoxide: a review of its use in the rheumatic disorders. PMID- 3898377 TI - The role of diet in animal models of systemic lupus erythematosus: possible implications for human lupus. AB - Studies of diet in the mouse model of SLE have established the beneficial effects of a low calorie, low fat diet in these animals as well as the importance of the specific source of dietary fat. The role of zinc in murine and human SLE is less clear. The reported improvement of patients with SLE and other related diseases on a low phenylalanine and tyrosine diet high in fish content, and the lupus inducing capacity of a nonphysiologic amino acid present in alfalfa are also reviewed. The need for carefully controlled prospective studies of diet in patients with SLE is noted, and a diet of potential therapeutic benefit is described. PMID- 3898379 TI - [Mixed homologous/autologous transplantation of native full-thickness skin following 3d degree burns in animal experiments]. PMID- 3898378 TI - [Nonspecific and specific host defense mechanisms in chronic post-traumatic bone infections]. PMID- 3898380 TI - Clinical studies with spleen-specific radiolabeled agents. AB - While 99mTc sulfur colloid imaging, because of its availability and convenience, remains the initial procedure of choice for spleen imaging, selective spleen scanning with damaged 99mTc-labeled RBCs can provide additional information in some cases. These cases include overlapping left hepatic lobe and suspected splenic pathology but with poor radiocolloid uptake that precludes visualization. Other indications are detection of residual splenic tissue after splenectomy, suspected asplenia, polysplenia, and situs ambiguus. The selective 99mTc denatured RBC scan is most useful to confirm or exclude defects seen on the radiocolloid study and to detect small amounts of splenic tissue. PMID- 3898381 TI - The spleen: development and functional evaluation. AB - Despite the fact that the spleen has multiple functions, only one has been widely used for evaluation of the organ by imaging techniques (phagocytosis of 99mTc sulfur colloid). The usual splenic uptake of this radiocolloid can by used to determine the size, location, and integrity of the organ. A major use of splenic radiocolloid imaging has been in the study of congenital defects. Thus, eventration of the diaphragm, accessory spleens, splenogonadal fusion, the asplenia and polysplenia syndromes, and the wandering spleen are amenable to study by means of intravenously administered radiocolloid. Interference with the splenic uptake of radiocolloid can be either focal or generalized (as in functional asplenia). Imaging of the spleen has a major role in evaluating suspected trauma of the organ and in following its clinical course. The return of splenic function after splenectomy (splenosis or accessory spleens) can be documented by radionuclide imaging, and likely by hematologic techniques when the volume of tissue is sufficiently large. The detection of intrasplenic lesions is important in tumor staging and as an alerting sign to an ongoing process. PMID- 3898382 TI - Dual radionuclide subtraction imaging of the spleen. AB - Dual radionuclide subtraction imaging of the spleen using 67Ga citrate and 99mTc is useful in further delineating lesions that are identified on either a routine radiogallium survey or on a conventional sulfur colloid liver-spleen image. Better anatomic localization of left subphrenic abscesses may be obtained. Differentiation of tumors and abscesses from less serious lesions such as cysts, infarcts, and hematomas is possible. We have found this technique to be generally applicable to any organ that can be selectively imaged using a technetium radiopharmaceutical, including the liver, bones, and kidneys. In addition, we are currently evaluating thallium-pertechnetate subtraction imaging in the evaluation of parathyroid adenomata. PMID- 3898383 TI - Platelet-mediated coagulant protein interactions in hemostasis. PMID- 3898384 TI - Platelet forms of plasma proteins: plasma cofactors/substrates and inhibitors contained within platelets. PMID- 3898385 TI - Fetal diaphragmatic hernia: fetal but fixable. PMID- 3898386 TI - Nonimmune hydrops fetalis: diagnosis and management. PMID- 3898387 TI - Fetal urinary tract obstruction: experimental pathophysiology. PMID- 3898388 TI - Fetal urinary tract obstruction: management and selection for treatment. PMID- 3898389 TI - Ventricular septal defect. PMID- 3898390 TI - Atrial septal defect. PMID- 3898391 TI - Obstructive left heart lesions. PMID- 3898392 TI - The importance of segmental situs in the diagnosis of congenital heart disease. PMID- 3898393 TI - Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography in congenital heart disease. PMID- 3898394 TI - Digital subtraction angiography in congenital heart disease. PMID- 3898395 TI - Treatment of uncomplicated gonococcal urethritis in males with two doses of Augmentin, six hours apart. PMID- 3898396 TI - Lipoprotein profile in dialysis and transplant patients. PMID- 3898397 TI - Treatment of falciparum malaria with a single dose of mefloquine. PMID- 3898398 TI - Missionary doctors vs Chinese patients: credibility of missionary health care in early twentieth century China. AB - This paper deals with the encounter between the Chinese and Western medical missionaries in early twentieth century China. Based on data of two Canadian Protestant missions in China before 1937, this study reveals that medical missionaries were generally ignorant of Chinese medicine, and they regarded Chinese medicine as part of an inferior, heathen culture. Such a 'mission centric' perspective prevented the missionary doctors from creating an effective doctor-patient relationship with the Chinese patients. To the Chinese, missionary health care provided an additional health care pathway. The functional complementarity of Western medicine to the pluralistic Chinese medical structure enabled missionary medicine to gain increasing credibility from the Chinese, although few Chinese actually understood the basic principles of Western medicine. Implications of this missionary doctor-Chinese patient relationship in China are discussed. PMID- 3898399 TI - [Methods and technics for the collection and study of granulocytes]. PMID- 3898400 TI - [Magic and psychology]. PMID- 3898402 TI - Physician at the scene of an emergency. AB - Growth and maturation in the delivery of prehospital emergency medical care has been dramatic in the past 15 years. The increased availability and use of emergency medical services (EMS) has led to more frequent interactions between providers of prehospital care and the medical practitioner. This paper reviews the training and capabilities of emergency medical personnel and introduces the issue of medical control at the scene of an emergency. Also presented are the basics of emergency scene and victim stabilization. Physicians can help improve prehospital care by becoming familiar with local EMS capabilities and personnel. PMID- 3898401 TI - Methyldopa therapy and outcome in cadaveric renal transplantation. AB - Methyldopa therapy for hypertension after renal transplantation could affect graft outcome adversely, since methyldopa inhibits suppressor cells. To study effects of methyldopa on transplant outcome, we analyzed prospective data on 1,648 hypertensive, first-allograft recipients; 545 patients used methyldopa and 1,103 patients did not. One-year graft functional survival was 66% and 67% for all patients using and not using methyldopa respectively. No increased acute rejection occurred related to methyldopa. During the one to six years of follow up, no adverse effects on graft survival could be attributed solely to methyldopa except that graft survival among white recipients using methyldopa was diminished late after transplantation (P less than .05). Patient survival was not affected by methyldopa. Azathioprine and prednisone therapy may avert the suppressor cell inhibition by methyldopa. Its effect on kidney transplant outcome is not significant except in whites late in the course of graft function; methyldopa use when clinically indicated appears safe. PMID- 3898403 TI - A slab of meat. PMID- 3898404 TI - Lead poisoning. PMID- 3898405 TI - Selection of variant neuroblastoma cell line which has lost cell surface expression of antigen detected by monoclonal antibody PI153/3. AB - A variant of the human neuroblastoma cell line, IMR-5, was selected by a series of treatments with the monoclonal antibody PI153/3 and complement. The variant, M 1, was not reactive by either cytotoxicity or binding assays with the PI153/3 antibody or with two other monoclonal antibodies that were selected on the basis of their inhibition of PI153/3 binding. Although no antigen could be detected on the cell surface or in the supernatant of the variant cell line, a reduced level of binding could be detected in M1 cell extracts compared to extracts of IMR5. The variant cell line did not differ from IMR5 in its sensitivity in lysis by other antibodies, in its lack of expression of HLA antigens, or in its capacity to form tumors in nude mice. PMID- 3898406 TI - [40 years of Czechoslovak surgery in the liberated homeland]. PMID- 3898407 TI - [Diagnosis and surgical treatment of liver cysts]. PMID- 3898408 TI - [Surgery in Bratislava in the 19th century]. PMID- 3898409 TI - [Expression and genetic alteration of HGPRT gene: basic and clinical aspects]. PMID- 3898410 TI - Comparison of isoxicam and naproxen in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. A 4 week parallel group, double-blind study. AB - A 4-week parallel-group, double-blind study comparing isoxicam with naproxen was carried out in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Both isoxicam and naproxen were found to be effective. In patients on isoxicam significant improvements in the articular index, grip strength, joint swelling, morning stiffness and the patients' overall clinical condition were observed: the results for naproxen were similar, but joint swelling did not improve. At the 2-week assessment naproxen produced significantly better results than isoxicam in terms of the articular index and the physician's assessment of the patients' condition, but this difference was not maintained at the 4-week assessment. This apparently more rapid onset of activity of naproxen is probably related to its shorter elimination half-life. No adverse experiences were reported during isoxicam treatment and this drug was better tolerated than naproxen. PMID- 3898411 TI - History of medicine. The South African Medical Society, c. 1827-1846. PMID- 3898412 TI - Transplantation for diabetic nephropathy. AB - The results of renal transplantation for end-stage diabetic nephropathy in 17 patients--11 receiving cadaver (CD) grafts and 6 related living donor (RLD) grafts--are reported. The transplants were rejected in 5 cases, in 4 acutely, and these patients were returned to haemodialysis; 3 of them subsequently died. One patient died of heart failure, but the graft was still functioning. The remaining 11 patients enjoy good renal function. The outcome was superior to results on dialysis, particularly for RLD grafts, and was comparable to results of transplantation for non-diabetic renal failure. Visual acuity tended to stabilize or improve after transplantation, but peripheral vascular disease progressed. Blood glucose control was suboptimal and requires more attention. Lipoproteins did not differ from those in non-diabetic patients. Renal transplantation is feasible and probably the preferred method of treatment for end-stage diabetic nephropathy. PMID- 3898413 TI - Effect of buflomedil on behaviour, memory, and intellectual capacity in patients with dementia. A placebo-controlled study. AB - A double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study of the efficacy and safety of buflomedil in the treatment of dementia was conducted in 55 patients. A statistically significant improvement was achieved for such characteristics as mood, self-care, alertness, emotional lability, indifference, hostility, and anxiety. Compared with placebo, buflomedil showed a clear superiority with regard to improvement in cognitive dysfunction and psychosomatic dysfunction, with a trend toward statistical significance in improvement in interpersonal relations. Secondary analysis of a subset of patients without evidence of earlier cerebrovascular accident showed similar clinical responses and statistical findings. Buflomedil was well tolerated. PMID- 3898414 TI - The antenatal ultrasonographic detection of the Holt-Oram syndrome. AB - The Holt-Oram syndrome is an autosomal dominant disease with 100% penetrance. No correlation exists between the maternal clinical expression and that of the affected offspring. The syndrome includes a wide range of cardiac and skeletal malformations. Real-time ultrasound, with a detailed study of the fetal heart and skeletal system, can play a crucial role in the counselling of affected pregnant women. This study describes the ultrasonographic findings of 2 affected fetuses at risk (at 34 and 14 weeks' gestational age). Ultrasonography detected and correctly estimated the severity of the cardiac and skeletal expressions. PMID- 3898415 TI - [Fetal transverse position caused by giant leiomyoma in the lower segment of the uterus. A case report]. AB - A 20-year-old primigravida presented at 39 weeks' gestation with the fetus lying in the transverse position. Ultrasound examination indicated an anterior placenta praevia grade II-III. During a vertical lower uterine segment caesarean section, a giant intramural leiomyoma of approximately 25 X 25 cm was found. The uterine incision was extended into the upper segment and a healthy male fetus of 2 568 g delivered. The placenta was situated anteriorly but did not extend into the lower uterine segment. A myomectomy had to be performed to enable closure of the uterine incision. The association of a transverse lie with anterior implantation of the placenta may result in a false ultrasound diagnosis because the lower anterior portion of the uterine wall and the attached portion of the placenta simulate a placenta praevia. In our case, an unsuspected leiomyoma in the lower segment contributed to this. Furthermore, this case illustrates the advantage of using a lower uterine segment vertical incision when performing a caesarean section for transverse lie. The incision can then readily be extended into the upper uterine segment when necessary. PMID- 3898417 TI - Prevention of duodenal ulcer relapse with ranitidine. AB - Forty-three patients with a recently healed duodenal ulcer were entered into a 1 year double-blind trial to evaluate the efficacy and tolerance of ranitidine (Zantac; Glaxo). There were no drop-outs. After 1 year 18 of the 22 patients receiving 150 mg ranitidine at night (82%) and 3 of the 21 receiving placebo (14%) were ulcer- and symptom-free. No drug-related side-effects were noticed. A maintenance dose of ranitidine seems to be a safe and effective means of preventing duodenal ulcer recurrence. PMID- 3898416 TI - Inhalation therapy during acute asthma. The role of a combined steroid and beta stimulant preparation. AB - A compound consisting of a beta-stimulant, salbutamol (Ventolin; Allen & Hanburys) (100 micrograms/puff), and a steroid, beclomethasone dipropionate (Becotide; Allen & Hanburys) (50 micrograms/puff), was studied to test the hypothesis that the corticosteroid could enhance the bronchodilator properties of the beta-stimulant during chronic asthma and simulated acute attacks (antigen challenge). Conventional doses (200 micrograms and 100 micrograms of salbutamol and beclomethasone respectively) were compared using a schedule which included a second administration 1 hour later. The results obtained on the baseline bronchial responsiveness of chronic asthmatics and during the delayed asthmatic response (simulated acute asthma) were similar. The compound was as effective as salbutamol alone but not more so. A significantly greater bronchodilator response was recorded in all patients after the second administration of both the compound and salbutamol alone. The practical advantages of having one rather than two inhalers are evident, but the appropriate application of this compound agent, probably in a prophylactic role, must be defined. PMID- 3898418 TI - A comparison of nalbuphine and pethidine for postoperative pain relief after orthopaedic surgery. AB - Nalbuphine hydrochloride (Nubain; Du Pont Pharmaceuticals), a synthetic agonist antagonist analgesic, in a dose of 20 mg was compared with pethidine 100 mg in 60 patients after elective surgery in a random double-blind study. Both drugs were given intramuscularly on the first day after surgery. The pain intensity and visual analogue scales would seem to indicate that nalbuphine has a longer duration of action than pethidine (P less than 0,05). The respiration rates in the pethidine group were significantly more depressed 30 minutes after the injection than in the nalbuphine group (P less than 0,05). Nalbuphine caused less depression of both systolic and diastolic blood pressure at both 30 and 60 minutes (P less than 0,001). The results of the study show that nalbuphine, in the dose used here, may prove to be a useful substitute for pethidine. PMID- 3898419 TI - Purified flagella from Treponema phagedenis biotype Reiter does not induce protective immunity against experimental syphilis in rabbits. AB - Thirteen rabbits were immunized three times at weekly intervals with 50 micrograms of flagella purified from Treponema phagedenis biotype Reiter. Fourteen rabbits were inoculated in the same way with a placebo preparation. Rabbits immunized with the flagella developed an immune response to the flagella but showed no statistically significant prolongation of incubation time or diminution of lesion severity when challenged intradermally with 4 X 10(3) Treponema pallidum organisms. PMID- 3898420 TI - Diagnostic considerations in intra-amniotic syphilis. AB - Amniotic fluid is rarely used in the evaluation of syphilis during pregnancy but was available from a woman with positive serologic tests in the 30th week of gestation. Nonmotile intra-amniotic spirochetes were seen by dark-field microscopy 20 hr after treatment with benzathine penicillin G. The identity of the organism in amniotic fluid was confirmed by immunofluorescent staining. Less than 0.5 units/ml of penicillin was present in the amniotic fluid at this time. The amniotic fluid was positive in the Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL; Atlanta, GA) test, and the concentration of IgM was elevated as was the ratio of lecithin to sphyngomyelin. Phosphatidyl inositol and phosphatidyl glycerol were also present in the amniotic fluid. After treatment the lecithin sphyngomyelin ratio declined; phosphatidyl glycerol disappeared, whereas phosphatidyl inositol was still present. Despite evidence of intrauterine growth retardation at 30 weeks, the infant born at 37 weeks was of normal weight and length; however, the head circumference was below the tenth percentile. These studies suggest that analysis of amniotic fluid may provide new insights into the biology of syphilis in pregnancy, but does not constitute a recommendation for routine examination of the amniotic fluid in mothers with reactive serologic tests for syphilis. PMID- 3898421 TI - [Serum levels of beta 2-microglobulin in malignant hemopathies]. PMID- 3898422 TI - Family treatment in the health setting: the need for innovation. AB - While the important role families play vis-a-vis illness is generally recognized, there are relatively few clinical encounters with entire families reported by social workers in health settings. Some of the possible explanations for this are examined, with a recommendation for the design of interventions based on a family systems perspective. Two areas requiring further investigation are highlighted: the element of uncertainty which confronts families coping with chronic life threatening illness and the impact of serious illness on children. By conceptualizing new ways to help families adapt, social workers can make a significant contribution clinically and reaffirm their position in this domain. PMID- 3898423 TI - Symposium on latest advances in cardiac surgery. PMID- 3898425 TI - On-line metabolic monitoring of the heart during cardiac surgery. AB - A new system for the on-line monitoring of intramyocardial pH and temperature has been used in more than 120 patients undergoing cardiac surgery. This article summarizes the experimental studies on which the system was based and highlights some of the data obtained and explains their significance. PMID- 3898424 TI - Applications of digital subtraction angiography in cardiovascular diagnosis. AB - Both intravenous and intra-arterial DSA have widespread applications in the field of cardiovascular diagnosis. The definition of carotid artery stenosis or severe peripheral vascular disease in the patient undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery might dictate the need for simultaneous carotid and coronary artery surgery or demonstrate the best route for insertion of an intra-aortic balloon. DSA also might find further application in the definition of thoracic aortic dissection, thoracic aortic trauma, and coarctation of the thoracic aorta, as well as in showing the adequacy of repair of thoracic coarctation in patients who remain hypertensive postoperatively. Left ventricular imaging using intravenous or intraventricular injections of contrast material provides an accurate method of calculating ejection fraction and an excellent picture of left ventricular wall motion. In addition, because smaller amounts of contrast material may be used for intraventricular infections, patients with renal failure or severe impairment of the left ventricle might fare better with the reduced contrast load. Multiple ventriculograms can be performed following interventions such as pacing or exercise to allow a more adequate definition of left ventricular performance. Intravenous DSA still has not achieved satisfactory visualization of the coronary arteries or coronary artery bypass grafts. However, aortic root injections of contrast material can provide adequate definition of these structures and has been recommended as a screening technique for coronary disease in patients undergoing arteriography for other vascular disease. Current work on the development of DSA techniques for the quantitation of coronary artery blood flow and myocardial perfusion is quite promising. Accurate, reproducible measurement of coronary artery blood flow, patterns of myocardial perfusion, and areas of myocardium supplied by specific coronary vessels with obstructions may soon provide physiologic information about anatomically defined coronary artery disease. A variety of congenital heart defects have been defined by intravenous DSA. Shunt lesions such as atrial septal defects, ventricular septal defects, and patent ductus arteriosus have been defined anatomically, and the severity of their shunts has been estimated by placing windows of interest over the various cardiac chambers. It is possible that certain congenital malformations might be studied adequately by intravenous DSA, eliminating the need for cardiac catheterization.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3898426 TI - Recent advances in cardiopulmonary bypass and the clinical application of myocardial protection. AB - Basic scientific research has provided the impetus to develop cardioplegic solutions that offer excellent myocardial preservation. Future research will continue to develop methods for better delivery of cardioplegia to all myocardial regions. In addition, earlier detection of evolving ischemic damage during aortic cross-clamping might provide a basis for earlier intervention to reverse developing myocardial injury. At the present time, the cardiac surgeon has many cardioplegic solutions and delivery systems from which to choose. Only by understanding the principles involved in myocardial preservation will the surgeon be able to develop a system that will work best in his or her clinical practice. PMID- 3898427 TI - Coronary sinus retroperfusion and pressure-controlled intermittent coronary sinus occlusion (PICSO) for myocardial protection. AB - This article provides an overview of the current status of coronary venous interventions for myocardial protection. It reviews the histories, principles, and techniques of the interventions as well as the challenges for the future. PMID- 3898428 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance and cardiovascular surgery. AB - Nuclear magnetic resonance is opening new ground in the noninvasive diagnosis of anatomic and physiologic diseases. This article introduces the reader to nuclear magnetic resonance and its applications to cardiovascular surgery. PMID- 3898429 TI - Current status of coronary artery bypass grafting for coronary artery atherosclerosis. AB - Coronary artery bypass grafting has now undergone 18 years of proven benefit in the treatment of myocardial ischemic disease. The technique of CABG has been further extended to other situations in which myocardial blood supply is threatened, such as cardiac trauma, aneurysms of coronary arteries, and congenital lesions. The emphasis in choosing CABG over medical therapy in 1985 should be preservation of myocardium at jeopardy of infarction as well as relief of angina. Proximal stenoses in vessels subserving viable muscle that is ischemic at rest or with minimal exercise should be treated with reperfusion by angioplasty or CABG to prevent further injury. After infarction occurs and ventricular function is impaired, CABG is also necessary to preserve remaining myocardium at jeopardy. Such an aggressive approach seems warranted with today's excellent surgical results. Long-term results have also improved, as more attention has been paid to saphenous vein graft preparation, use of mammary artery grafts, complete revascularization, use of antiplatelet agents, control of spasm, and identification of hypercoagulable states that may require sodium warfarin (Coumadin). Angioplasty of vein grafts and distal anastomoses also appears promising to help extend the results of initial CABG. Figure 1 is our recommended approach for the treatment of coronary atherosclerosis. PMID- 3898430 TI - Creatine kinase (CK): its use in the evaluation of perioperative myocardial infarction. AB - Establishing the diagnosis of acute perioperative myocardial infarction by the mere presence of a serum CK-MB band alone is not valid. Laboratory investigations have shown that tissues other than ventricular myocardium hold appreciable quantities of CK-MB. Moreover, each of the laboratory methods commonly used for measuring serum total CK and its isoenzymes have inherent strengths and weaknesses. Hence, accurate evaluation of perioperative CK-MB bands requires determination of the amplitude and the temporal course of the elevation. Confirmation of the CK-MB findings by analysis of another enzyme system is advisable. Serum lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes can fulfill this role. Institution of a dual enzyme evaluation is achieved easily in most hospitals and can yield a very high degree of sensitivity and specificity. The final step in diagnostic accuracy is completed by continuing evaluation of the enzyme diagnostic system in each individual institution. PMID- 3898431 TI - Current status of surgery for ventricular tachyarrhythmias. AB - This article outlines the accepted histopathologic and electrophysiologic theories underlying the etiology of medically refractory ventricular tachyarrhythmias. It delineates the indications and techniques for the electrophysiologic study of the ventricle. Finally, the surgical procedures available as well as their indications and results are elucidated. PMID- 3898432 TI - Pacemaker therapy. AB - This article reviews the indications for pacemaker implantation and the techniques and devices currently in use. The management of patients who require permanent pacemakers and the potential complications involved are discussed. The article concludes with a brief synopsis of temporary pacing. PMID- 3898433 TI - Heart transplantation. AB - Modern concepts of cardiac transplantation are reviewed. Selection of potential recipients and donors is discussed with particular attention to those aspects of procurement that involve coordination with other transplant teams. Technical aspects of the operation, postoperative management, immunologic regimens, and late results, including physiologic testing and complications, are also reviewed. PMID- 3898434 TI - Cyclosporine in cardiac transplantation. AB - Cyclosporine is a new immunosuppressive drug that acts early in the exposure of a host to allogeneic stimulation. It is a peptide of fungal origin. It has selective action on T cells, leaving the other cells of the immune system intact. It acts by preventing the function of the early activation signals of T cells, such as the acquisition of receptors for Il 2 and Il 1. It is lipophilic, moderately well absorbed by the gut, and metabolized by the liver. Factors affecting absorption or hepatic metabolism alter the amount of cyclosporine available in the circulation. Circulating levels can be measured by radioimmunoassay or HPLC. Doses should be tailored to trough levels taken approximately 12 hours after an oral or intravenous dose or to individual pharmacokinetic curves. The drug is nephrotoxic, hepatotoxic, and neurotoxic. In addition, cyclosporine has been associated with hypertension, hemolytic-uremic syndrome, increased incidence of intravascular thrombotic events, hypertrichosis, gum hyperplasia, pericardial effusion, and lymphoproliferative disorders. Despite these complications, cyclosporine usage seems to have improved short-term cardiac allograft survival and to have reduced the complications associated with side effects of steroids. As a result, cyclosporine has spawned a resurgence of interest in cardiac transplantation, which will be of great benefit in prolonging the lives of patients with end-stage cardiac disease. PMID- 3898435 TI - Artificial heart and left ventricular assist devices. AB - We believe there will be a place in cardiac surgery for a variety of assist and replacement devices. The extracorporeal assist devices, with or without extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, will be needed for acute situations requiring time for diagnosis and prognosis to be determined. There will also be a place for intrathoracic paraventricular assist devices that may temporarily or permanently support the right or left ventricle. Finally, we believe that there will be a number of patients whose native cardiac function is of no help at all and whose hearts probably should be removed to make room for an improved blood pump of human design. Pneumatic ventricles are presently available and we should see increasing use of them over the next couple of years. The convenience for a patient of electrical wires instead of pneumatic hoses coming out of the chest is obvious. However, the complexity and cost of the overall system is considerably greater, further testing and development is needed. Dr. William Pierce already has kept an animal alive for over 6 months with an electrically driven heart. Clearly, the electrically driven systems are the pumps for the next decade. PMID- 3898436 TI - Potential uses of skeletal muscle for myocardial assistance. AB - The potential for skeletal muscle to assist in cardiac function is reviewed. Skeletal muscle can be transformed into a fatigue-resistant state through chronic electrical stimulation. Thus it might be an ideal muscle for replacing or augmenting failing heart muscle. PMID- 3898437 TI - Right ventricular failure. Pathophysiology and treatment. AB - The cardiac surgeon is faced with RV failure in two main situations: in isolation or in patients with left-sided cardiac assist. Adequate volume loading, correction of acidosis and oxygenation, cardiac pacing, pharmacologic agents, and systemic intra-aortic balloon pumping allow stabilization in most of these patients. When these measures fail, some form of mechanical assistance of the right ventricle becomes necessary. Balloon counterpulsation in the pulmonary artery improves RV output but does not restore the systemic perfusion if the right ventricle is profoundly depressed. When the right ventricle is profoundly depressed, a mechanical assist pump is the only device capable of restoring systemic perfusion. Like the left ventricle, the right ventricle, given time and support, can recover enough function to allow weaning from the assist device and survival. PMID- 3898438 TI - Current status of valve prostheses. AB - The deterioration in cardiac function caused by a valvular lesion frequently can be halted or reversed by timely surgery. This article discusses the principles used to decide when surgery is beneficial and briefly reviews current indications for operation in the more common acquired and congenital valve lesions. The factors influencing the choice of a valve prosthesis are also discussed. PMID- 3898439 TI - Acute dissections of the aorta. Current surgical treatment. AB - Tremendous progress has been made in the treatment of acute aortic dissections as a result of advances in surgical, medical, and diagnostic modalities. Rapid clinical diagnosis should be followed by aggressive monitoring, pharmacologic manipulation, and definitive elucidation of the anatomy of the disorder. Ultrasonography and CT scanning may provide valuable information on the anatomy of the dissection, but contrast arteriography remains the preferred method for demonstrating the anatomy. Surgical correction is now recommended for both type A and type B dissections during the acute stage. The exact approach is dictated by the location of the intimal tear and the extent of the dissection. The complexity of the operation may extend from interposing an intraluminal graft to full cardiopulmonary bypass with profound hypothermia, circulatory arrest, and replacement of the ascending aorta, aortic arch, or aortic valve apparatus. The rapid advancement of management techniques for acute aortic dissections now offers patients a reasonable expectation of survival without complications. Future improvements in early, noninvasive, and rapid diagnostic methods, as well as increased utilization of invasive monitoring and nonporous graft materials, promise to increase survival for a patient afflicted with acute aortic dissection. PMID- 3898440 TI - Ceftriaxone and cefazolin prophylaxis for hysterectomy. AB - Two hundred and twenty-five women scheduled for elective hysterectomy were entered into a prospective, comparative, randomized, double-blind clinical trial of antibiotic prophylaxis; 117 had vaginal hysterectomy and 108 had abdominal hysterectomy. They were given a 1 gram preoperative dose of ceftriaxone, an investigational cephalosporin or three 1 gram parenteral doses of cefazolin over a 16 hour period. Antibiotic concentrations were measured in serum and vagina, myometrium, fallopian tube or ovary and mean ceftriaxone concentrations were consistently higher than those of cefazolin. Both regimens were safe, well tolerated and equally effective at preventing major postoperative infection. Diabetes increased the risk for infection regardless of regimen and surgical approach (p = 0.009) and specific risk factors were identified for women undergoing vaginal hysterectomy. The incidence of infection was 1.7 per cent after vaginal hysterectomy, significantly lower than the 7.4 per cent observed after abdominal hysterectomy (p = 0.039). Several of the clinical and surgical variables were identified that could explain this difference. PMID- 3898441 TI - A new synthetic monofilament absorbable suture made from polytrimethylene carbonate. AB - The physical and biologic characteristics of a new synthetic absorbable monofilament suture, glycolide trimethylene carbonate (GTMC) are presented. The suture was formulated to combine predictable in vivo performance of synthetic absorbable sutures with the handling characteristics of a monofilament suture. Three in vivo studies were described: strength, gross and microscopic absorption and reaction, and radiolabelled decay. The studies carried out in rats showed cumulative strength retention of sizes 0, 00, 4-0 and 5-0 of 81 per cent at 14 days, 59 per cent at 28 days and 30 per cent at 42 days. Strength retention was consistent throughout the size spectrum. Absorption of sizes 00 and 4-0 were studied in subcutaneous implantations in rabbits. Histologic assessment of absorption obtained from serial sections at intervals of three to nine months showed that, in both sizes, complete absorption occurred between six and seven months. At six months, 83 per cent of size 00 was absorbed and size 4-0 was 93 per cent absorbed. At seven months, no implanted material was discernible histologically. Untoward tissue reactions, such as acute inflammatory cells, abscesses or tissue necrosis, were not observed. There were no signs of cellular mobilization of any kind observed remote from the implant. Absorption of GTMC sutures was achieved through the action of mononuclear and multinuclear macrophages which were confined to the implant and sequestered by a fibrous connective tissue capsule. When implant absorption was complete, resorbtion of the macrophage component was observed which was replaced by a narrow cord of fibrous tissue and collagen. The results of studies of radiolabelled sutures carried out in the subcutaneous tissues of rats revealed urine and expired CO2 to be the major excretary routes of the metabolites. By 22 to 24 weeks, 0.1 to 0.7 per cent of the total implanted radioactivity remained at the suture sites. Tissue deposition and excretion of radioactivity suggests similar metabolism of the sutures in both species. We conclude that GTMC sutures maintain good strength with little or no absorption during the critical wound healing period, absorbs completely from tissues in six to seven months with minimal tissue reaction and, therefore, provides an absorbable, flexible, monofilament material with extended support that is strong and effective. PMID- 3898442 TI - Management of aortofemoral graft failure. AB - A simplified technique of patch angioplasty is demonstrated for the reconstruction of the failed distal aortofemoral anastomosis. The salient features of this technique include performance of the angioplasty without disconnecting the original anastomosis and reutilization of the existing suture line in order to avoid late formation of a pseudoaneurysm. PMID- 3898443 TI - The everted rectal stump technique for the application of the distal pursestring suture in the construction of stapled anastomoses. AB - The everted rectal stump technique for the application of the distal pursestring suture was used successfully in three patients to perform a low stapled reconstructive anastomosis in the treatment of carcinoma of the rectum. Two of the patients were Dukes' Stage B and one patient was classified as Dukes' Stage C. The postoperative course was uneventful. There were no complications and all three were free of tenesmus and cutaneous irritation and were continent of flatus and feces, with one to three movements per day. PMID- 3898444 TI - Central venous catheter sepsis. AB - There are two main routes for a central venous catheter to become infected and to produce septicemia: exogenous contamination from the skin or the hub, or from a contaminated infusate and endogenous seeding of the tip during bacterial and fungal episodes. Depending upon the patient population and medical and nursing care, one or the other mechanism may be involved. It is quite difficult to identify the route of infection in a single instance unless patients are enrolled in an ad hoc study protocol that guarantees the maximum safety in preparation of the solutions, administering them and managing the catheter. In critically ill patients, when the clinical picture is masked and confusing and the diagnosis is extremely difficult, a positive peripheral blood culture, a positive swab on the skin entry of the catheter or occasionally a quantitative culture of microorganisms from central blood that is higher than from peripheral blood dictates the removal or exchange of the catheter. Central venous catheter sepsis is usually resolved with catheter removal; however, in critical patients who still need the catheter in place, the risk of a new percutaneous catheter after removal of a suspected infected catheter must be weighted against the chance of resolving the sepsis by a simple exchange over a guidewire and long term irrigation of the new catheter with antibiotics. PMID- 3898445 TI - George B. Udvarhelyi. PMID- 3898446 TI - Intraocular lenses. Histopathologic characteristics of a large series of autopsy eyes. AB - Histopathologic changes in cornea, anterior chamber angle, iris and ciliary body of 119 autopsy eyes containing intraocular lenses are described and illustrated. Results are categorized according to type of intraocular lens (anterior chamber, iris fixation, iridocapsular, and posterior chamber), and methods of fixation are specified. Changes are categorized as: erosion, atrophy, proliferation of tissues and inflammatory reactions. In some instances, these histopathologic changes may provide a basis for understanding certain clinically evident complications. PMID- 3898447 TI - Prenatal diagnostic techniques. Chorionic villus sampling. AB - Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) is a new prenatal diagnostic technique which is performed in the first trimester of pregnancy. Traditional methods of prenatal diagnosis, including amniocentesis and fetoscopy, must be performed in the midtrimester. In concert with the development of DNA methods of fetal cell analysis, first trimester fetal diagnosis utilizing CVS offers many advantages over traditional mid-trimester techniques. In addition, CVS may potentially allow therapeutic intervention to prevent or ameliorate some congenital defects. PMID- 3898448 TI - Congenital orbital teratoma: a review and report of two cases. AB - Congenital orbital teratomas are rare tumors derived from more than one germinal cell layer. These tumors may arise within the orbit, or may originate intracranially and extend into the orbit. Recent advances in ultrasonography have made in utero diagnosis possible. We present the case reports of a primary orbital teratoma and an intracranial teratoma with secondary orbital involvement. The clinical features, histopathologic findings, treatment, and pathogenesis of orbital teratomas are discussed. PMID- 3898449 TI - Hepatocyte function in sepsis: Kupffer cells mediate a biphasic protein synthesis response in hepatocytes after exposure to endotoxin or killed Escherichia coli. AB - Alterations in hepatic function are seen in sepsis and/or multiple system organ failure. We hypothesized that Kupffer cells (KC) within the liver may mediate functional alterations in adjacent hepatocytes (HC) in response to bacterial products. We have previously described decreases in rat HC protein synthesis during in vitro cocultivation with peritoneal macrophages in the presence of gentamicin-killed Escherichia coli (GKEC) or endotoxin (LPS). The present studies demonstrate that purified (greater than 95%), syngeneic, or allogeneic KC exposed to GKEC or LPS impart a biphasic response in cultured HC. When HC were cultured alone there was no alteration in 3H-leucine incorporation into HC protein after the addition of GKEC or LPS. When HC were cocultured with KC there was increased protein synthesis compared with HC alone (p less than 0.001). After the addition of GKEC or LPS there was an immediate increase in coculture HC protein synthesis. However, a marked decrease in coculture protein synthesis was seen 16 degrees later (p less than 0.001). To ensure that KC alone were responsible, splenic lymphocytes were added to HC alone or HC/KC coculture, but they did not alter the results. HC viability and appearance were unchanged throughout the experiments. These results show that exposure of KC to microbial products can profoundly alter HC function and support the concept of local KC modulation of HC function during sepsis. PMID- 3898450 TI - Prospective, randomized trial of intravenous versus intraperitoneal 5 fluorouracil in patients with advanced primary colon or rectal cancer. AB - No new chemotherapy agents have been developed recently that present hope for improving survival in patients with colon or rectal cancer. We undertook this study to investigate a new route of administering an old drug, 5-fluorouracil (5 FU). Sixty-six patients with advanced primary colon or rectal cancer were randomized to receive 12 cycles with increasing dosages of intravenous (IV) or intraperitoneal (IP) 5-FU; the mean follow-up time was three years. The maximal tolerable dose and objective adverse side effects were prospectively recorded. The mean daily dose of 5-FU given by the IV route was 904 mg; for the IP route it was 1361 mg (p2 less than 0.0001). Two of ten patients had recurrent peritoneal carcinomatosis when treated with IP 5-FU; ten of eleven patients treated with IV 5-FU developed peritoneal implants (p2 less than 0.003). The incidence of serious complications was the same, but hematologic toxicity and hepatic toxicity were significantly reduced in patients who received IP 5-FU. When 5-FU is delivered by the IP route, the tolerable dose of drug was markedly increased without an increase in adverse side effects. The natural history of surgically treated disease was changed by reducing the incidence of peritoneal carcinomatosis but time to relapse and survival was not improved. IP 5-FU may be recommended for investigation in patients with perforated colon cancer, peritoneal implants, or as one part of a multimodality treatment protocol for colorectal cancer. If 5-FU is given to patients with gastrointestinal malignancy, the IP route should be strongly considered. PMID- 3898451 TI - Immunotherapy of cancer with lymphokine-activated killer cells and recombinant interleukin-2. AB - Lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells can be generated in vitro by incubation of normal murine or human lymphoid cells in recombinant interleukin-2 (RIL-2). These LAK cells are capable of mediating the lysis of fresh, noncultured tumor cells in 4-hour chromium release assays. The adoptive transfer of LAK cells plus RIL-2 is capable of mediating the inhibition of established pulmonary micrometastases from syngeneic tumors in mice. High-dose RIL-2 administered alone is also capable of mediating these antitumor effects, probably via the production of LAK cells in vivo. The immunotherapeutic effect of RIL-2 but not of LAK cells plus RIL-2 is abrogated in hosts that have received preirradiation with 500 rads. The administration of high-dose RIL-2 is also capable of reducing the growth of solid subdermal tumors as well. The use of LAK cells in conjunction with RIL-2 may be applicable to the treatment of cancer in humans, and clinical trials to evaluate this approach in humans have begun. PMID- 3898452 TI - Functional endothelial damage by high-potassium cardioplegic solutions to saphenous vein bypass grafts. AB - High-potassium cardioplegic solutions (CSs) may induce endothelial cell damage in vascular grafts, promoting graft thrombosis after coronary bypass operations. We studied prostacyclin (PGI2) production by saphenous veins as a marker of endothelial cell function in a model mimicking actual operative conditions. Fresh saphenous vein segments from patients who had undergone coronary bypass were cut in half; each part was perfused and incubated sequentially with CS (with 20, 40, or 80 mEq potassium/L) or a control buffer (5 mEq potassium/L) at 4 degrees C for 30 minutes (perfusion I), buffer at 37 degrees C for 15 minutes (perfusion II), and buffer plus 25 microM sodium arachidonate at 37 degrees C for 15 minutes (perfusion III). This permitted evaluation of changes in PGI2 production during or after exposure to CS, in basal and stimulated conditions. CS with 20 mEq potassium/L did not alter PGI2 production as compared with control buffer. CS with 40 mEq potassium/L decreased PGI2 production during perfusions I and II. CS with 80 mEq potassium/L also decreased sodium arachidonate-stimulated PGI2 production. Endothelial coverage (immunoperoxidase staining for factor VIII antigen) was intact at all potassium concentrations tested. Thus potassium in CSs can depress endothelial PGI2 production without causing immediate endothelial detachment. This effect may favor thrombosis in bypass grafts. PMID- 3898453 TI - Actuarial analysis of variables associated with rupture of small abdominal aortic aneurysms. AB - This study identified risk factors associated with rupture of small abdominal aortic aneurysms in patients initially selected for nonoperative management. Sixty-seven patients, 53 men and 14 women, 50 to 91 years of age (mean 72 years) were followed 3 to 99 months (mean 36 months). All patients underwent serial aortic ultrasonography. The annual rate of aneurysm rupture was 6%, with an annual mortality rate caused by rupture of 5% and an annual mortality rate caused by coexistent disease of 6%. Thirty potential risk factors, including blood pressure, aneurysm size measured by ultrasonography, rate of aneurysm expansion, smoking, serum cholesterol levels, and cardiac, pulmonary, and renal risks, were analyzed by Cox proportional hazards regression to identify variables related to rupture. Aneurysm anteroposterior expansion rates varied from 0 to 1.5 cm/year but were not different in aneurysms that ruptured. Only diastolic blood pressure, initial aneurysm anteroposterior diameter, and degree of obstructive pulmonary disease were independently predictive of rupture (p less than 0.05, Wald test). With these data, actuarial rupture rates were predicted for patients with selected values of these three covariates. Predicted 5-year rupture rates varied from 2% when these risk factors were absent to 100% when all three risk factors were significant. Obstructive pulmonary disease, initial aneurysm size, and diastolic hypertension must be evaluated prospectively to assess their accuracy in predicting small aneurysm rupture. PMID- 3898454 TI - Prostacyclin production in regions of arterial stenosis. AB - The effect of abnormal flow dynamics on prostacyclin (PGI2) production by intact endothelium is unknown. To investigate this we studied the effects of graded stenoses on vessel wall PGI2 production in dogs (n = 8) whose femoral and carotid arteries (n = 32) were narrowed by machine-milled clips, producing 1.0 cm segmental stenoses of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 90% diameter reduction. Three dogs were injected with Indium 111-labeled platelets and 12 vessels were scanned for platelet deposition. All stenotic vessels were excised at 6 weeks for histologic study (hematoxylin-eosin section and immunohistochemistry for factor VIII) and PGI2 radioimmunoassay (as the metabolite 6-keto PGF1 alpha). All vessels remained patent with no thrombus formation in any segment. Vessel imaging in platelet labeled animals showed no significant deposition. Histologic analysis demonstrated an intact endothelial surface in the stenotic segments, confirmed by the demonstration of factor VIII production by these cells. PGI2 production (per unit surface area) by the arterial segments with greater than or equal to 50% stenosis markedly exceeded the PGI2 production by the normal proximal and distal segments (p less than 0.0002) and showed further significantly increased production with increasing degrees of stenosis (p less than 0.00001). The data indicate increased PGI2 production by normal endothelium in regions of arterial stenosis. The mechanism of this increase is unknown, but this endothelial "turn on" effect may serve to inhibit deposition of platelets and thrombus formation in the presence of disordered flow patterns. PMID- 3898455 TI - Effect of prostaglandin blockers on ascites fluid in pancreatitis. AB - Prostacyclin (PGI2), a potent vasodilator with complex effects on the mesenteric circulation, has been found to be elevated in the hemorrhagic ascitic fluid of pigs with hemorrhagic pancreatitis. This investigation was designed to determine if blockage of PGI2 significantly reduces the volume and/or toxicity of hemorrhagic ascitic fluid associated with hemorrhagic pancreatitis in pigs. Fifteen pigs were studied: five received corticosteroids, five received ibuprofen, and five were untreated. The relative toxicity of the hemorrhagic ascitic fluid was assessed by intraperitoneal injections of the fluid from pigs into mice. RESULTS: (1) hemorrhagic pancreatitis was associated with high levels of PGI2 in blood 15 times and in hemorrhagic ascitic fluid 25 times that of baseline; (2) steroids and ibuprofen blocked PGI2 production (p less than 0.05); (3) neither steroids nor ibuprofen, even when administered as pretreatment, decreased ascites formation; and (4) the mortality rate in mice was significantly reduced (p less than 0.05) in the ibuprofen-treated group as compared with the untreated and steroid-treated groups. CONCLUSION: PGI2 does not play a significant role in the volume of ascites formation. There was an absence of toxicity in the hemorrhagic ascitic fluid of the ibuprofen-treated group. PMID- 3898456 TI - Hepatic artery aneurysm associated with the mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome. AB - A case of a 4-year old child with a hepatic artery aneurysm after the mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome is reported. The child had obstructive jaundice and preoperative evaluation did not lead to the correct diagnosis. The aneurysm was resected and the postoperative course was unremarkable. The literature on this entity is reviewed. PMID- 3898457 TI - Reduction in the frequency of neural tube defects in splotch mice by retinoic acid. AB - In the homozygous state, the splotch (Sp) gene causes spina bifida and exencephaly. Close to 25% of the embryos from Sp/ + X Sp/+ litters are affected. The frequency of these defects is significantly reduced by maternal treatment with 5 mg/kg retinoic acid on day 9 of gestation. There is no significant increase in the resorption frequency with this treatment, indicating that the fall in the frequency of neural tube defects is not due to differential mortality of the affected fetuses. The effects of retinoic acid are time specific, with treatment at different times on day 9 having the greatest influence on either the anterior or posterior neuropore. Treatment on day 8 with the same dose of retinoic acid causes an increase in both resorptions and neural tube defects, although only the increase in the former was significant. PMID- 3898458 TI - Comparative evaluation of two outpatient antiemetic regimens for cancer chemotherapy. PMID- 3898459 TI - Management of end-stage renal disease by transplantation: the use and limitations of cyclosporine. PMID- 3898461 TI - Computer analysis of ventilation-perfusion scans for detection and assessment of lung disease. AB - A previously reported computer analysis has been used to provide numerical ventilation-perfusion lung scan data, for comparison with tests of airways function and results of arterial blood gas analysis in 11 patients with pulmonary embolism, 18 with asthma, and 37 with chronic obstructive lung disease. In pulmonary embolism an index of underperfusion showed high sensitivity, and an index of ventilation-perfusion mismatching correlated well with severity (hypoxaemia). In asthma an index of underventilation was sensitive and correlated well with severity of airways obstruction. In chronic obstructive lung disease the same index was sensitive but correlated poorly with severity. This was attributed to heterogeneity of the lung disease (airways obstruction plus emphysema) in chronic obstructive lung disease. Ventilation-perfusion mismatching was frequently present in airways disease, and was often of great severity in chronic obstructive lung disease. Discrimination between pulmonary embolism and either type of airways disease was possible by using a combination of underfusion and underventilation indices. The technique offers the prospect of increasing the information derived from lung scans and of automating the reporting of scans. PMID- 3898460 TI - Heterogeneity of mechanisms in exercise induced asthma. PMID- 3898462 TI - Rises in antibody to enteric gram negative bacilli after open heart surgery: a possible mechanism for postoperative pyrexia. AB - Paired sera, taken before operation and 10-14 days after operation from 64 patients having open heart surgery and 10 having closed heart surgery, were examined for agglutinins to seven common serotypes of Escherichia coli. The results showed that, while 20% of both groups of patients had detectable agglutinins before operation, new antibodies appeared after operation in 69% of patients having open heart surgery compared with only 10% of those having closed heart surgery, a significant difference. Thirty six pairs of sera were also examined for the preoperative presence and postoperative development of antiendotoxin. Of 22 open heart patients shown not to possess antiendotoxin before operation, 18 showed the antibody after operation, whereas none of the eight seronegative patients acquired the antibody after closed heart surgery again a highly significant difference. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that endotoxin and other products of enteric Gram negative bacilli circulate shortly after cardiopulmonary bypass, possibly arising directly from the gut and perhaps explaining the pyrexia seen commonly at this time. PMID- 3898463 TI - Cardiac tamponade due to Lancefield group A beta haemolytic streptococcal pericarditis. PMID- 3898464 TI - Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. PMID- 3898465 TI - Comparison of intravenous digital subtraction angiography with radionuclide ventilation-perfusion lung scanning in patients with suspected pulmonary embolism. AB - Fifty one patients with suspected pulmonary embolus were studied by radionuclide ventilation-perfusion scanning and intravenous digital subtraction pulmonary angiography. In 31 patients the results of both investigations were reported as negative and in a further 11 both results were reported as positive, giving a concordance rate of 82.3%. In nine patients there was disagreement between the two investigations and an attempt to resolve this difference on the basis of clinical data was made. On this basis digital subtraction angiography would have falsely classified three patients as not having an embolus who were correctly identified by radioisotope scanning. Angiography would, however, have correctly classified four patients misclassified by ventilation-perfusion scanning. The relative merits of digital subtraction angiography and radionuclide lung scanning are discussed. PMID- 3898466 TI - Normal vascular prostacyclin generation in patients with chronic myeloproliferative disorders. PMID- 3898467 TI - Dr. Bernard J. Cigrand: father of Flag Day. PMID- 3898468 TI - HLA antigens on peripheral red blood cells: analysis by flow cytofluorometry using monoclonal antibodies. AB - The presence of HLA (class I) determinants on red blood cells was found in 15% of individuals of the French population. This percentage varies considerably from one geographical region to another in the world. The red blood cells (RBC) that express class I determinants also express beta 2 microglobulin but not HLA-DR antigens. This phenomenon does not appear to be linked to the erythrocyte phenotype nor to the HLA phenotype of the subject. Cytofluorometry analysis allowed us to establish that the large individual variations in the expression of the HLA antigens on RBC are related mainly to the percentage of positive cells but not to the fluorescence intensity of each cell. A comparative study between platelets and red blood cells showed that the expression (i.e. antigen density) of HLA class I determinants is weaker on red cell membrane. PMID- 3898469 TI - Pulmonary responsiveness to methacholine and disodium hexachloroplatinate (Na2PtCl6) aerosols in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). AB - Hyperreactivity of the airways is a common finding in human asthma, and responsiveness to inhaled methacholine aerosols is routinely used for assessing airway irritability. Workers in precious metal refineries demonstrate pulmonary signs suggestive of asthma, presumably related to exposure to soluble platinum salts. In these workers, evidence of physiologic dysfunction precedes immunologic evidence (skin test) of disease, suggesting an initial pharmacologic mechanism. With a primate animal model for the screening of occupational asthmogens, 24 Cynomolgus monkeys were evaluated for their comparative pulmonary responsiveness to inhaled aerosols of methacholine and sodium hexachloroplatinate (Na2PtCl6). Average pulmonary flow resistance (RL), dynamic compliance (CLdyn), maximum expiratory flow volume (MEFV), and respiratory frequency changes were evaluated after bronchoprovocation challenge. Both agents produced dose-dependent increases in RL, dose-dependent decreases in CLdyn and MEFV, and no effect on respiratory rates. Analyses of the correlation between concentration effects of the two agents showed no association between cholinergic airway irritability status and Na2PtCl6-induced bronchoconstriction. Na2PtCl6 bronchoprovocation produced significantly greater flow impairment at lower lung volumes when compared to methacholine concentrations with equipotent effects on RL and CLdyn. These compounds have differential effects on peripheral airway function. The lack of respiratory rate change seen on bronchoprovocation with these compounds, in comparison to the rapid shallow breathing in anesthetized monkeys following irritant or histamine challenge, indicates that neither aerosol stimulated pulmonary irritant receptors. PMID- 3898470 TI - Captopril slows the progression of chronic renal disease in partially nephrectomized rats. AB - The effect of captopril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, on the progression of chronic renal disease was studied in rats subjected to partial nephrectomy. Following ablation of approximately 70% of their renal mass, rats were divided into three treatment groups: group I received a placebo treatment; group II received daily po administrations of captopril; group III received captopril at the same dosage schedule as group II, but the drug was not given for 4 weeks in the middle of the treatment period. Measurements of renal function were performed at 4-week intervals, and light microscopic evaluation of the remnant kidneys was performed following 19 weeks of treatment. Deterioration of renal function, as measured by endogenous creatinine clearance, plasma creatinine, and plasma urea nitrogen, progressed more rapidly in group I than the other two groups. Twenty-four-hour urinary protein excretion was higher in group I than the others, except in group III following the 4-week period when captopril was not administered. Morphologic damage in the remnant kidney was significantly greater in group I than group II (p = 0.007). The renal lesions in the rats of group III were intermediate in severity. Histopathologic ranking of the remnant kidneys was correlated with antemortem laboratory parameters (r greater than or equal to 0.50; p less than 0.05). In a second experiment, similarly nephrectomized rats receiving po captopril daily had significantly longer survival, at 260 days, postnephrectomy than rats receiving a placebo (p = 0.0045). We conclude that captopril retards the progression of renal damage and increases survival time in this model of chronic renal disease. The mechanism may involve the alteration of potentially harmful intraglomerular hemodynamic changes which occur in the remnant kidney model. PMID- 3898471 TI - The mutagenic properties of N-nitrosopeptides in the Ames test. AB - N-(N-Acetyl-L-prolyl)-N-nitrosoglycine (APNG) and N-(N-acetylvalyl)-N nitrosoglycine (AVNG) are shown to exert mutagenic activity in the Salmonella/mammalian microsome mutagenicity (Ames) test. Positive responses are apparent for base-pair substitution mutation-detecting strains (TA1535, TA100 and TA102) both with and without the addition of S9-mix. It is concluded that both APNG and AVNG are direct-acting mutagens. PMID- 3898472 TI - [Professional appreciation of the scientific accomplishments of Dr. F. Anders and his wife Dr. A. Anders]. PMID- 3898473 TI - Contribution of the epithelium to the stability of the tear film. AB - The superficial cells of the epithelium make a mucoprotein with long chemical chains and package it in the subsurface vesicles. Subsurface vesicles fuse with the cell membrane and the side chains thus exposed join with the overlying mucus to anchor the mucus to the epithelial layer. The membranes surrounding the subsurface vesicles become incorporated in the cell membrane and provide the extra membrane required for the sprouting of microvilli. The goblet cells secrete the overlying mucus layer. PMID- 3898474 TI - The role of meibomian secretion in the tears. AB - Meibomian lipid promotes the formation and stabilisation of the precorneal tear film. The deposited layer of this material at the lid margins prevents entry into the eye of skin surface fatty acids which would disrupt the film. The external oily layer also acts to reduce the rate of evaporative loss of fluid from the tear film. The relationship between composition of the secretion and its physical properties is discussed. PMID- 3898475 TI - The effects of topical drugs and preservatives on the tears and corneal epithelium in dry eye. AB - Medications used in 'Dry Eye' patients are reviewed for their effects on the corneal surface including the overlying tear film. Preservatives are discussed, since they affect the properties of commercial preparations which may be instilled frequently as a substitute for normal tears. The major beneficial effect which a topically applied agent can have on epithelium is to supplement or stabilise the tear film. Thimerosal sometimes triggers a sensitivity reaction, and other mercurial compounds are unstable. Benzalkonium chloride compromises both corneal epithelium and tear film. Some cationic detergents, including chlorhexidine digluconate and polyquat, cause less disruption at prophylactic concentrations. The use of a small drop size is helpful in preventing toxic effects of preservatives. All preservatives should be avoided when unit doses of a sterile tear replacement, such as saline, can be made available. Topical antibiotics should be used only to control known bacterial infections, avoiding high concentrations of bacitracin, gentamicin, and neomycin. Steroids and antibiotic/steroid combinations must be used with great caution, and only when uncontrolled ocular inflammation justifies the risk of possible corneal ulceration. PMID- 3898476 TI - The effects of drugs on tear flow. AB - Systemic administration of drugs can diminish the tear flow as with timolol and atropine, or can increase the tear production as with bromhexine. Turpentine fumes (100 ppm/30 min or 30 ppm/8 h) have been shown to diminish the break up time (BUT) of tears by diminishing the lipid layer of the precorneal film. Ointment and drugs suspended in oil also diminish BUT, not only do they dry the corneal and conjunctival epithelium (judged by the rose bengal score) but also diminish the outflow as judged by the tear river dye dilution test in both normal people and those with keratoconjunctivitis sicca. Benzalconium chloride in concentrations used as a preservative and cocaine have also been shown to reduce BUT. PMID- 3898477 TI - Clinical manifestations of dry eye states. AB - Diagnosis of a dry eye is facilitated by prompt recognition of pertinent signs and symptoms and by utilisation of those office and laboratory procedures which help to confirm the diagnosis. Prior knowledge of those systemic diseases associated with keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) alert the practitioner to a possible dry eye state. Conversely, a diagnosis of KCS may prompt recognition of a hitherto unsuspected systemic disease. In this review, I will discuss the signs and symptoms of KCS, its association with various systemic conditions, as well as the tests and procedures that contribute to its diagnosis. PMID- 3898478 TI - Dry eyes: autoimmunity and relationship to other systemic disease. AB - Sjogren's syndrome is one of the more common connective tissue diseases, perhaps second in frequency only to rheumatoid arthritis. Autoimmunity in Sjogren's is suggested by its close clinical association with other connective tissue diseases and autoimmune disorders, the dense lymphocytic infiltration of the exocrine glands and the presence of circulating autoantibodies in the majority of cases. Antibodies to the cellular ribonucleoproteins, Ro(SSA) and La(SSB) appear to have clinical significance in this condition, since not only do they identify patients at risk of developing Sjogren's syndrome but also they may have a pathogenetic role in this disease, at least in some of the systemic manifestations. PMID- 3898479 TI - Skin diseases and the dry eye. AB - Patients with oral cicatricial pemphigoid, who present to an oral medicine department, should be examined by an ophthalmologist because over 65 per cent have been found to have an asymptomatic cicatrising conjunctivitis. Early detection and treatment of these patients may help to slow down the scarring process that eventually leads to a dry eye and blindness. The same is true for a group of patients who present to the dermatologist with a non-scarring bullous dermatosis distinguished by the presence of a linear deposit of IgA along the dermo-epidermal junction of uninvolved skin examined by direct immunofluorescence. The cicatrising conjunctivitis found in about 50 per cent of adults with this condition is indistinguishable from that of cicatricial pemphigoid. Ten per cent of patients with cicatricial pemphigoid affecting mucous membranes alone were found to have linear deposits of IgA along the dermo epidermal junction of uninvolved skin. This suggested that there may be a common pathogenic pathway with varying clinical expression in these groups of patients and presents new possibilities for therapy in some patients with cicatricial pemphigoid. PMID- 3898480 TI - Contact lenses in dry eyes. AB - This paper considers the dubious role of asymptomatic marginal reduction of tear production in the aetiology of contact lens intolerance and how in the light of our present knowledge and the tests available it is difficult to identify such marginal underproduction of tears. Contact lenses have a possible therapeutic role in the management of established dry eyes with and without conjunctival scarring and destructive corneal changes. All soft contact lenses have been shown to lose a considerable percentage of their fully hydrated water content when put in any eye and the presence of a contact lens in an eye has been shown to increase tear evaporation, irrespective of evaporation from the contact lens. Soft contact lenses would appear to be able to withstand considerable dehydration and yet maintain their optical quality and in the eye with inadequate tears a lens of lower water content will remain hydrated to a reasonable extent for a longer period than one of a higher water content. Contact lenses may be necessary in the dry eye to provide an optical surface to the cornea when it is the site of destructive changes. In the case of the severely dry eye it may be necessary to use a silicone soft lens with no water content in order to obviate the problems of dehydration. There are considerable dangers in such eyes with and without conjunctival and corneal destructive changes and a decision to fit a lens should not be taken lightly and without adequate provision for close follow up. PMID- 3898481 TI - Topical therapy for dry eyes. AB - 'Artificial tear' solutions, perhaps more accurately termed 'ocular wetting' solutions, have been the mainstay of topical therapy for keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS). These solutions have been designed with water-soluble polymers in an attempt to increase their ocular retention time or ability to wet the ocular surface. Treatment with ocular wetting solutions has been non-specific in that there is no evidence that dry spot formation is essential to the induction of surface disease in KCS patients, nor is there evidence that water-soluble polymers are beneficial to epithelium. In KCS, tear film osmolarity is abnormally elevated by potentially complex mechanisms that result from decreased aqueous tear secretion. The abnormal osmolarities observed in KCS produce the major ocular surface abnormalities seen in this disease. In a double-masked trial, a 150 mOsm/L solution, selected from a range of hypotonic solutions for its ability to lower elevated tear film osmolarity optimally in KCS, has been shown to be superior to an isotonic 300 mOsm/L solution in providing symptom relief for KCS patients. PMID- 3898482 TI - Imported malaria in Kuwait. AB - The number of imported malaria cases in Kuwait rose from 87 in 1980 to 504 in 1983, an increase of 579%. The continued resurgence of malaria in endemic zones, improved diagnostic techniques and a heightened awareness of imported malaria have contributed to the increase in the number of microscopically proved cases. Thick blood films fixed in acetone and stained in Giemsa proved a rapid method of diagnosis; species identification on the basis of a thin film on the same slide was performed with ease. Malaria was acquired in 38 countries. Most patients were young male adults. Most of the cases were due to Plasmodium vivax originating from India, although an increasing number of P. falciparum cases are also now being diagnosed from there. P. falciparum infections were evenly distributed throughout the year and most cases presented within 14 days of their arrival in the country. The highest number of P. vivax cases were diagnosed between May and October, when heat stress might have been a factor in precipitating a clinical attack of an infection previously acquired in the endemic zone. Attention is drawn to the importance of delayed attacks of P. vivax and, in semi-immunes, of P. falciparum. The time interval involved in establishing a history of "recent" travel in clinically suspected cases of malaria needs to be more clearly defined in each geographical area. Cases of induced malaria due to transfusion, accidental and congenital infections were identified. The fatality rate due to P. falciparum infections was low. In terms of the risk of renewed transmission, Kuwait may be considered a vulnerable area. PMID- 3898483 TI - Endemic Lassa fever in Liberia. III. Characterization of Lassa virus isolates. AB - Sixty-three virus isolates were obtained by inoculation of Vero cells with sera from 50 hospital in-patients in Liberia with acute febrile illnesses. 57 of the isolates were presumptively identified as Lassa virus (LV) by direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) staining of inoculated Vero cells. These, and six additional isolates obtained only by titration of supernatant fluids from inoculated Vero cells, were definitively identified as LV in a neutralization test. Two additional LV isolates were obtained from a patient's sera from Nigeria. By cross neutralization tests, the Nigerian LV strains were serologically identical to the prototype Nigerian LV strain (PP) but were distinct from both a reference LV strain from Sierra Leone (SL), and from the Liberian (LIB) strains isolated in this study. The LIB and SL strains were closely related to each other, but not to the Nigerian LV strains. LIB LV strains were tested for virulence in strain 2 and 13 guinea-pigs, and a spectrum of virulence was observed which correlated only approximately with disease severity for human patients. Two human-lethal isolates killed all inoculated strain 2 and 13 guinea-pigs, whereas nine isolates from mildly ill patients were benign for guinea-pigs. Yet some LV isolates from severely ill or lethally infected patients, especially those from pregnant women and infants, were totally benign for guinea-pigs. These data suggest that antigenically distinct LV strains exist in nature, and that antigenically indistinguishable LV isolates may differ in virulence potential for various hosts. PMID- 3898484 TI - Endemic Lassa fever in Liberia. IV. Selection of optimally effective plasma for treatment by passive immunization. AB - The efficacy of passive immunization for treatment of Lassa Fever (LF) is believed to depend on the titre of the neutralizing antibody infused. For the purpose of identifying optimal donors of LV-immune plasma, a population of LF convalescent patients in Liberia was tested for prevalence of neutralizing antibody. Minimally protective titres, expressed as a log10 neutralization index, (LNI), were established in animal models as LNI greater than 2. LNI titres for 26 donors, tested eight or more months after illness, were modest: 16 titred 1 less than LNI less than 2, 4 titred 2 greater than LNI less than 3, and only 4 titred LNI greater than 3. Sequentially obtained plasma from six donors indicated that the LNI response was delayed relative to the indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) response, that high titres (LNI greater than 3) occurred only after seven months and in only two of six patients. Most of the unselected LV-immune plasma will require concentration to therapeutically useful LNI titres. In a passive immunization experiment, guinea-pigs were protected by a late convalescent plasma (LNI = 4.8, IFA = 320) but not by an early plasma, (LNI = 0.6, IFA = 640), thus supporting the selection of immune plasma on the basis of the LNI. Cross serological testing with LV strains and convalescent plasma from patients in Sierra Leone, Liberia and Nigeria suggested that these LV strains were indistinguishable by cross-IFA, but were readily distinguishable by cross neutralization tests. Geographical matching of LV and plasma origins may thus be a factor in selection of optimal plasma for passive immunization of Lassa fever. PMID- 3898485 TI - Hereditary haemoglobin disorders in Brazil. AB - The data on the incidence and variability of hereditary haemoglobin (Hb) disorders in Brazil are reviewed. The most common abnormalities are HbS, HbC and beta-thalassaemias. Both homozygotes and compound heterozygotes for these genes (i.e., HbS/HbC disease, S/beta-thalassaemia, C/beta-thalassaemia) are common, owing to the free miscegenation of populations of Mediterranean and African ancestry. The diversity of beta-thalassaemias is similar to that observed in other regions. beta(0)-Thalassaemia is more frequent than the beta(+) variant among affected individuals. Most patients are descendants of Italian immigrants but occasional cases have other racial origins. Patients with thalassaemia major are mostly beta (0) homozygotes, while thalassaemia intermedia is more heterogeneous, including a variety of genotypes. alpha-Thalassaemias are not common although cases of HbH disease have been reported. Isolated examples of several Hb variants have been described, and two abnormal Hb were first found in Brazil: Hb Porto Alegre and Hb Niteroi. PMID- 3898486 TI - Chloroquine-resistant falciparum malaria imported into Spain from Malawi. PMID- 3898487 TI - Altered distribution of class I and class II MHC antigens during acute pancreas allograft rejection in the rat. AB - The expression of MHC class I and class II antigens was investigated in a model of acute pancreas allograft rejection in the rat. Pancreaticoduodenal and duct ligated DA(RT1a)-to-LEW(RT1(1] and LEW(RT1(1]-to-LEW.1U(RT1u) pancreas grafts were compared with normal organs and with LEW(RT1(1] isografts at daily intervals from day 1 to day 10 after transplantation. The results show profound changes of MHC antigen distribution in allografts during the process of rejection. Exocrine acinar cells, being class-I-antigen-negative in the normal pancreas, strongly express these antigens during rejection. Class II antigens, normally not found in pancreatic endothelia or parenchymal cells, appear in duct epithelia, acinar cells, and endothelia of big vessels. Endocrine islet cells and smooth muscle cells stay Ia-negative throughout the rejection process. Focal class I reactivity is also observed in acinar cells of pancreaticoduodenal isografts; but class II antigens are neither seen in parenchymal cells nor in endothelia of any isograft. Thus, in the rat pancreas allograft model, the induction of class II antigens is an early phenomenon characteristic of an ongoing immune response, and it provides a valuable new diagnostic criterion. Antibodies reactive exclusively with donor haplotype antigens demonstrate an increase in donor-derived class I and class II antigen-positive interstitial cells in addition to parenchymal antigenic changes. A possible effect of the antigenic alteration described on the course of the rejection process is discussed. PMID- 3898488 TI - Correlation of HLA matching with kidney graft survival in patients with or without cyclosporine treatment. AB - In a series of more than 8000 first cadaver transplants performed during a two year period, 2198 recipients treated with cyclosporine had a higher graft survival rate (76 +/- 1% at 1 year) than 6392 recipients without cyclosporine (64 +/- 1%, P less than 0.0001). Matching for HLA-B plus HLA-DR resulted in a significant correlation with graft outcome, in patients with or without cyclosporine treatment (P less than 0.0001). Regardless of whether cyclosporine was used or not, grafts with 0 HLA-B,-DR incompatibilities had approximately 20% higher success rates at one year than grafts with 4 mismatches. A high (86 +/- 3%) graft survival rate was obtained in 161 cyclosporine-treated recipients with 0 HLA-B,-DR mismatches. Matching for the HLA-B and HLA-DR loci is shown to have an additive effect in cadaver kidney transplantation. PMID- 3898489 TI - Correlation of serum cyclosporine concentration with renal dysfunction in marrow transplant recipients. AB - We retrospectively analyzed the relationship of serum cyclosporine concentration to renal dysfunction in 63 marrow transplant recipients who received cyclosporine for prophylaxis of acute graft-versus-host disease. Patients were divided into three groups according to their mean trough cyclosporine concentration for the first 28 days of therapy: less than 150, 150-250, and greater than 250 ng/ml. Baseline renal function and exposure to nephrotoxic antibiotics was comparable in the three groups. Renal dysfunction was defined as doubling of baseline serum creatinine. The likelihood of developing renal dysfunction was analyzed with Kaplan-Meier product limit estimates. The log-rank test was used to compare the three groups. Fifty-four (86%) of the patients developed renal dysfunction. The incidence of renal dysfunction was 73%, 95%, and 100%, and it developed at a median of 46, 29, and 20 days in patients with a mean trough concentration of less than 150, 150-250, and greater than 250 ng/ml, respectively (P less than 0.001). Eight of the nine patients who did not develop renal dysfunction had a mean trough concentration of less than 150 ng/ml. These data indicate that the incidence and the rate of development of renal dysfunction are related to serum cyclosporine concentration. PMID- 3898490 TI - Failure of B-cold lymphocytotoxins to enhance cadaveric renal allograft survival. AB - In a three-year period between January 1980 and December 1982, 242 consecutive cadaver transplant recipients in one center were tested before transplantation by cytotoxicity against a random panel of T and B lymphocytes at 5 degrees C and 37 degrees C incubation. They were also tested for HLA-A, B, and DR antigens. Kidney transplants were carried out with the primary objective of achieving a two-DR match. Kidney transplants were carried out only in the absence of T-warm positive cross-matches. All patients were followed for a minimum period of one year after transplant. There have been no exclusions, and all causes of failure, including death, have been counted as graft losses. Patients were stratified according to HLA-A, B, and DR matches and were also divided into high-antibody and low antibody groups. The recipients with no antibodies had the best one-year graft survival (66%). Recipients with B-cold antibodies did not have enhanced one-year graft survival (51%). Recipients with B-warm antibodies did indifferently (56%). The worst results were seen in recipients who had pretransplant T-warm antibodies (42%) though the number of patients in this group was small. PMID- 3898491 TI - Pharmacokinetics and nephrotoxicity of cyclosporine in renal transplant recipients. AB - Pharmacokinetics of Cyclosporine (CsA) were studied in 14 renal transplant patients during a three-month period of treatment. At 3 and 15 days after transplantation 12-hr blood level studies of the drug were performed to calculate the elimination half-life, area under the curve (AUC), and total blood clearance; trough levels were measured twice weekly. In 9 patients terminal half-lives could be calculated after discontinuation of CsA treatment. In the course of CsA treatment, prolongation of half-life was found in most cases, with a significant decrease in clearance (46 +/- 17 L/hr on day 3 versus 28 +/- 10 L/hr on day 15). This resulted in a continuous increase in the CsA blood level. The terminal half life varied considerably among the patients (24-93 hr) and did not correlate with other pharmacokinetic parameters. A good correlation (r = 0.9589) was observed between CsA trough levels before discontinuation of CsA and the increment in renal function two weeks after conversion to azathioprine. This indicates that short-term CsA treatment induces a dose-dependent reversible nephrotoxic effect in renal transplant recipients. PMID- 3898492 TI - Total parathyroidectomy for posttransplantation hyperparathyroidism. AB - The acute and short-term clinical course of 19 subjects who underwent total parathyroidectomy and forearm implantation for persistent hyperparathyroidism following successful kidney transplantation (mean [+/- SD] time after transplant 43.7 +/- 29.5 months) is described. Their mean preoperative serum calcium level of 10.8 +/- 0.5 mg% decreased to a nadir of 7.9 +/- 0.9 mg%, 62.5 +/- 27.7 hr after the operation. The lowest serum ionized calcium (1.80 +/- 0.2 mEq/L) was recorded 57 +/- 49 hr postoperatively. After an average of five hospital days, the patients were discharged with a mean serum total calcium concentration of 8.3 +/- 1.0 mg%. Three months following the operation, the mean serum total calcium concentration was 9.5 +/- 0.6 mg%. With an average follow-up of 19 months (range 3-36 months) serum total calcium was 9.6 +/- 0.6 mg%, with only one subject requiring calcium supplementation. Total parathyroidectomy with forearm implantation was associated with normalization of serum-immunoreactive parathyroid hormone concentrations and maintenance of stable allograft function. Our experience suggest that this procedure is an effective modality with a predictable postoperative recovery of parathyroid function when used to treat persistent hyperparathyroidism in the long-term survivor of renal transplantation. PMID- 3898493 TI - Immune privilege in the testis. II. Evaluation of potential local factors. AB - The significance of several local factors in prolonging allograft survival in the rat testis has been investigated. The lower temperature of this organ was shown to have no effect, because parathyroid gland allografts implanted s.c. in the ear, which is similarly hypothermic, were rejected as promptly as in conventional sites. Conversely, testes secured in the abdominal cavity afforded privilege to grafts just as well as normal testes. With indirect immunofluorescence using a monoclonal antibody, it was shown that the testis' interstitial tissue is well endowed with cells bearing class II histocompatibility antigens, a prerequisite for antigen-processing capability. When intratesticular allograft recipients were pretreated with estrogen to suppress Leydig cell synthesis of testosterone, most grafts were rejected promptly, suggesting that local steroid secretion is important in testicular immune privilege. Both testes and s.c. sites supported inflammatory reactions to cotton pledgets, indicating that there is no interference with the nonspecific inflammatory process necessary for graft rejection, but more likely with antigen processing itself. PMID- 3898494 TI - Failure of cyclosporine to prevent in vivo T cell priming in man. Studies in allogeneic spleen transplantation. AB - Cyclosporine is a potent new immunosuppressive agent utilized in clinical organ transplantation. Available evidence suggest that it interferes with the secretion of interleukin-2. However, the long term efficacy of cyclosporine in preventing allograft rejection may depend on a relative sparing of suppressor cells early in the allogeneic response, allowing them to mature and effect a state of operational tolerance. If this is the case, cyclosporine must not affect antigen priming or recognition. Two patients in our center underwent allogeneic spleen transplant in conjunction with renal and pancreatic transplant. Both patients were treated with therapeutic levels of cyclosporine during the course of transplant. Neither developed any clinical signs of renal or pancreatic transplant rejection. Both patients developed graft-versus-host disease and eventually required allogeneic (donor) splenectomy. Studies performed on the splenocytes recovered from these specimens demonstrate alloantigen-specific cytotoxic T cell precursors. These studies demonstrate that although cyclosporine can prevent allograft rejection it does not necessarily prevent or ameliorate graft-versus-host disease. Furthermore, cyclosporine does not prevent in vivo T cell priming of alloantigen recognition. The primed cytotoxic precursors can be expanded in the presence of exogenous interleukin-2 to become fully active cytoxic cells. PMID- 3898495 TI - Prolonged heart allograft survival induced by massive peroperative blood transfusions. PMID- 3898496 TI - Occurrence of isohemagglutinins of graft origin after transplantation of an ABO unmatched renal allograft is related to the cyclosporine medication. PMID- 3898497 TI - Diagnostic value of phase contrast microscopy in haematuria. AB - Phase contrast microscopic examination of 105 urine specimens was carried out in a study to differentiate glomerular from nonglomerular haematuria. Urine was obtained from patients with proven glomerular disease, healthy subjects, and healthy subjects to whose urine blood had been added. Phase contrast microscopy identified correctly glomerular haematuria in 74 out of 80 samples, and nonglomerular erythrocyturia in all the 25 samples tested. These results give a sensitivity rate of 93% and specificity of 100%. Phase contrast microscopy was found to be a useful screening test in the investigation of haematuria. PMID- 3898498 TI - Bancroftian filariasis and malaria in island and hinterland populations in Sabah, Malaysia. AB - An epidemiological survey of filariasis and malaria in Banggi Island and Upper Kinabatangan, Sabah, revealed microfilarial rates of 7.2% and 8.6% respectively and malaria prevalence of 9.7% and 16.9% respectively. Wuchereria bancrofti was a rural nocturnally periodic type with a periodicity index of 137.2 and average peak hour at 01.32 hrs; 9.2% of microfilaremic carriers as compared to 2.4% amicrofilaremic subjects had clinical filariasis. The Plasmodium falciparum: P. vivax: P. malariae ratios were 1:1:0.17 and 1.4:1:0.12 for Banggi and Upper Kinabatangan respectively. Anopheles flavirostris was incriminated as a new malaria vector in Banggi where the well-known primary malaria vector is An. balabacensis. The latter was also found for the first time to be a vector of rural W. bancrofti in Upper Kinabatangan. Experimental feeding also showed that L3 larvae of W. bancrofti were recovered at low rates from An. balabacensis. Aedes togoi appeared to be a suitable laboratory vector for W. bancrofti. PMID- 3898500 TI - Optimization of exposure conditions for medical ultrasound. AB - Optimum exposure conditions are values of acoustic exposure parameters (e.g., intensity, pressure amplitude, time) which yield maximum net medical benefit in a therapeutic or diagnostic procedure. It is generally agreed that if the exposure values are too low, the procedures are ineffective, while if they are too high, harm will result. However, little quantitative information exists on what specific values the parameters should have to give greatest net benefit in various applications. The determination of optimum exposure conditions is an important goal, but the process is likely to be a long one, requiring efforts by many individuals and groups. In this review several approaches to the problem are discussed, and difficulties are pointed out. PMID- 3898499 TI - [Flavin biogenesis in yeasts]. AB - The biosynthesis of flavins and methods for its study in yeast are considered. The chemical structure of flavin precursors and enzymes catalyzing certain stages of GTP transformation into riboflavin and flavin nucleotides are characterized. Differences in formation of flavins in bacteria and yeast are shown as well as possible ways of further research in this field. PMID- 3898501 TI - Representations of rapidly oscillating structures on the Doppler display. AB - In cardiovascular applications of Doppler ultrasound, oscillating structures are at times within the sample volume of the transducer. When the period of oscillation is shorter than the time window of the Fourier transform, the velocities of the structure are not resolved in time by the frequency analyzer. The resulting display can differ considerably from that obtained from structures with linear velocities. The investigation characterizes this phenomenon with the use of theoretical relations, mechanical model experiments and patient data. The results demonstrate that the representations of rapidly oscillating structures on the Doppler display can be interpreted in terms of frequency of oscillation and also, to some extent, in terms of maximum displacement of the structure. PMID- 3898502 TI - Doppler spectral characterization of flow disturbances in the carotid with the Doppler probe at right angles to the vessel axis. AB - This paper reports on a new method intended to detect early flow disturbances generated by small lesions, using conventional clinical instrumentation. In vitro experiments on models of stenotic vessels are presented which prove that ultrasound Doppler, with the beam directed at right angles to the vessel axis can detect vortices and other flow disturbances caused by wall irregularities. These disturbances characterized by small velocity components first toward and then away from the transducer correlate with the spectrum of vortices caused by small artificial lesions. We found these disturbances in flow to be too small to cause detectable broadening in the Doppler spectrum acquired in the traditional way (i.e. with the beam at an angle less than 90 degrees). The detected flow disturbances were found to depend on the surface roughness, the profile of the obstructive lesion and the narrowing of the vessel. Similar flow disturbances to those detected in vitro were demonstrated in vivo for this new beam orientation in regions of the carotid, such as the bulb and the beginning of the common carotid, where vortex-like flows are expected. PMID- 3898503 TI - The antenatal assessment of utero-placental and feto-placental blood flow using Doppler ultrasound. AB - A brief discussion of the normal anatomy and physiology relevant to the understanding of blood flow is presented. After a review of previous attempts to measure blood flow in the utero-placental and feto-placental circulation, a description is given of the methods of obtaining Doppler signals from both maternal and fetal vessels. Some of the problems are presented. Flow velocity waveform (FVW) analysis is then presented in normal and in complicated pregnancies. FVW in pregnancies complicated by proteinuric hypertension have arcuate FVWs that demonstrate increased pulsatility and decreased velocities in diastole. These changes are also observed in most pregnancies complicated by intrauterine growth retardation and precede changes in the fetal circulation by several weeks. Impaired fetal circulation is demonstrated by low or decreased diastolic velocities in both the descending thoracic aorta and the umbilical artery. An attempt is made to give a pathophysiological understanding for these changes. PMID- 3898504 TI - Duplex Doppler examination in renal disease: evaluation of vascular involvement. AB - Evaluation of renal disease and transplant rejection has been limited to excretory urography, nuclear isotope flow studies and other more invasive procedures. The B-scan ultrasound findings are often nonspecific. The development of duplex pulsed Doppler sonography has permitted evaluation of both arterial and venous flow. Duplex ultrasound studies in patients with a suspected diminution in renal function demonstrated the ability to delineate normal and abnormal flow, limiting the differential diagnosis, and in some cases actually documented an abnormality before gross pathologic changes became evident. PMID- 3898505 TI - An endoscopic Doppler probe: preliminary clinical evaluation. AB - A new pulsed Doppler catheter has been developed for use during gastrointestinal fiberendoscopy. Modern gastrointestinal endoscopy allows inspection of the wall of the entire esophagus, stomach, duodenum, and colon. Diagnosis is performed by inspecting the surface of the mucosa, biopsy, and cytology. However, it is not possible to determine the characteristics of the blood vessels of the wall beneath the mucosa with available techniques. We have developed a Doppler system which is miniature and can be passed down the biopsy channel of standard fiberendoscopes. This 8 MHz device incorporates range limiting to select the depth of interrogation by Doppler. The length of the probe is 2 m, and the diameter is 1.8 mm. This device has been tested in animal studies for efficacy and safety and is now being tested clinically in patients. The probe has been tested for two indications: the detection of the retroduodenal artery prior to endoscopic papillotomy for retained bile duct stones (90 patients); and the detection of flow in esophageal varices before and after endoscopic sclerotherapy (33 patients). Preliminary results are encouraging and suggest that this device can give information about submucosal blood vessels which cannot be detected using other methods. PMID- 3898506 TI - Bibliography of biomedical ultrasound. No. 47. PMID- 3898507 TI - [On the 100th birthday of Lorenz Bohler]. PMID- 3898508 TI - [Diagnosis, treatment and results of surgically treated fresh exterior ligament ruptures of the upper ankle joint]. AB - Among 355 recent ruptures of the fibular ligaments which had been operated in seven years - by altogether 3413 traumas of supination and of distorsion - 271 patients have had a follow-up examination. A reduction of the mobility was found in 9% of the cases, a clinically demonstrable opening of the ankle was found in 11% of the cases. 11% of the cases specified complaint by burden. 95% of the operated patients attended sporting activities. The opening of the ankle was the same as against the other side in 79% of the cases - proved by radiological examination; there was a slight increased opening of the ankle compared with the non-operated ankle in 15% of the cases, an increased opening of the ankle was found in 6% of the cases. Subjective complaint and clinical and radiological findings were taken into consideration of the opinion of the results. We found good up to very good results in about 90% of the cases. The treatment of the recent rupture of the fibular ligaments only can consist in a combined suture including a following cast - in agreement with other authors; nevertheless an isolated rupture of the anterior fibulotalar ligament does not compel to operate all cases. PMID- 3898509 TI - Fetal and maternal bubbles detected noninvasively in sheep and goats following hyperbaric decompression. AB - Pregnant sheep and goats were compressed with air to an equivalent depth of 49 msw (160 fsw) for bottom times ranging from 5 to 15 min. Maternal (precordial) and fetal (umbilical artery) circulation were monitored transcutaneously with a Doppler ultrasound flowmeter to determine the presence of decompression gas bubbles. It was found that the number of bubbles detected precordially in the maternal circulation exceeded the number detected in the fetal umbilical artery for any given bottom line. Additionally, bubbles were found in the fetal circulation even when the mother did not display signs of decompression sickness. Thus, avoidance of symptoms of pain-only decompression sickness in the mother is not sufficient to preclude gas phase formation in the fetus. PMID- 3898510 TI - [The radiologic diagnosis of retroperitoneal fibrosis: an update]. PMID- 3898511 TI - [Renal angiomyolipomas. New clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects]. AB - 13 cases of Angiomyolipoma are presented with special regards to clinical presentation and diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Combined use of ultrasonography and computer tomography proved to be accurate diagnostically. Questions concerning the nature of Angiomyolipoma are discussed. PMID- 3898512 TI - [Ureteroplasty instead of the Davis operation]. AB - A surgical technique has been developed for patients with defects of the ureter, which otherwise have been treated by the Davis operation. This technique has successfully been applied for defects of every part of the ureter, and even in a case of injury of the urethra. PMID- 3898513 TI - Difficulties in Doppler auscultation of cavernous arteries of penis. AB - Thirteen patients with normal nocturnal erections and penile pressures were studied in the flaccid penis by Doppler technique. In eleven, compression of a dorsal penile artery caused occlusion of the pulse wave distally over this vessel and also the disappearance of the presumed pulse of the deep cavernosal artery. It is postulated that in the nonerect penis, blood flow within the corpora may be inadequate to be detected by conventional office Doppler equipment. PMID- 3898514 TI - Comparison of epsilon aminocaproic acid and normal saline for postoperative bladder irrigation following transurethral resection of prostate. AB - A prospective, randomized, double-blind trial of bladder irrigation with a 0.5% solution of epsilon aminocaproic acid (EACA) versus normal saline plus placebo was undertaken in 75 patients undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate for benign or malignant disease. Systemic absorption after irrigation with EACA was not detectable. No significant advantage, however, was demonstrated for the EACA solution over normal saline irrigation in measured postoperative blood loss, irrigant volume, hours of catheterization, or length of hospital stay. PMID- 3898515 TI - Intussusception technique for use in duplicated system. AB - Removing a ureter by intussuscepting it into the bladder has been described previously; but so far use of this technique was thought to be contraindicated in the presence of a duplicated system. We have modified this technique so that intussusception can now be used in a duplicated system as well. Two cases are presented. PMID- 3898516 TI - [Use of the proteolytic enzyme preparation lekozim for treating chalazion]. PMID- 3898517 TI - [Computed tomography in ophthalmology]. PMID- 3898518 TI - [Achievements in the organization of medical care for combined injuries of the paranasal sinuses and brain during World War II]. PMID- 3898519 TI - [Soviet medicine during World War II (on the 40th anniversary of the great victory]. PMID- 3898520 TI - [Use of lekozim in middle ear diseases]. PMID- 3898521 TI - [40th anniversary of victory in World War II]. PMID- 3898522 TI - [Treatment with plants in otorhinolaryngology]. PMID- 3898523 TI - [Pathogenesis and treatment of late lysis of autodermotransplants in burns]. AB - Forms of late lysis of autodermotransplants were studied in 35 burned patients. The authors distinguish a "simple" lysis (20 patients) resulting from autoimmune processes and lysis in acute inflammation (5 patients) due to pathogenic microflora. PMID- 3898524 TI - [Hermetization of sutures and serous membrane-lacking segments in operations on the intestines in children]. PMID- 3898525 TI - [Duodenal ulcer in young persons]. PMID- 3898526 TI - [Echocardiographic determination of the degree of valvular regurgitation in isolated acquired heart defects]. AB - A simple echocardiographic method for the assessment of the valve regurgitation volume in patients with isolated acquired heart diseases is described. It can be widely used in the routine clinical practice due to its relative simplicity. PMID- 3898527 TI - [40th anniversary of the Great Victory]. PMID- 3898528 TI - [Injuries of the blood vessels of the neck]. AB - The investigation of protocols of medicolegal examinations of victims of injuries of major blood vessels has shown that traumas of the neck vessels equal 8,8%. The clinical observation of 27 patients with injured vessels of the neck shows that the selection of correct methods of temporary arrest of hemorrhage at the place of the accident can save most victims, life. The main cause of death in such cases in ischemia of the brain, hemorrhagic shock, associated trauma of organs of the neck. PMID- 3898529 TI - [Prevention of traumatic pancreatitis in injuries of the pancreas]. AB - Based on the investigation of results of the treatment of more than 200 patients with various injuries of the pancreas recommendations are given for the prophylactics of traumatic pancreatitis. A combination of different surgical measures on the pancreas and other organs are recommended as well as a purposeful medicamental treatment. PMID- 3898530 TI - [Prominent chief surgeons on the fronts during World War II]. PMID- 3898531 TI - [Rupture of the tendon of the biceps muscle of the femur]. PMID- 3898532 TI - Classification of hematopoietic system neoplasia in the dog. AB - This article contains an overview of the classification of neoplasia of the hematopoietic system in the dog. The objective of this article is to convey an understanding of currently used classification schemes and to correlate this classification with modern concepts of hematopoietic system biology. This article will be concerned with those neoplastic disease processes that are derived from the mesodermally derived pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells and their progeny. PMID- 3898533 TI - Canine thymoma. AB - Thymoma is an uncommon canine neoplasm of thymic epithelial cells. It is seen in various breeds but may occur more frequently in German Shepherd Dogs. Middle-aged or older dogs can be affected and no sex predilection exists. A paraneoplastic syndrome of myasthenia gravis, nonthymic malignant tumors, and/or polymyositis occurs in a significant number of dogs with thymoma. Clinical signs are variable and are related to a space-occupying cranial mediastinal mass and/or manifestations of the paraneo-plastic syndrome. Dyspnea is the most common presenting clinical sign. Thoracic radiographs usually show a cranial mediastinal mass. Lymphoma is the main differential diagnosis. A definitive diagnosis may be made by closed biopsy but is more likely to be confirmed by thoracotomy. Thymomas may be completely contained within the thymic capsule or may spread by local invasion or metastasis. A staging system allows for an accurate prognosis and a therapeutic plan. Surgical removal of encapsulated thymomas may result in long term survival or cure. Invasive or metastatic thymomas carry a guarded prognosis. Manifestations of the paraneoplastic syndrome complicate treatment. Adjuvant radiation and chemotherapy may be of value for advanced cases; however, adequate clinical trials have not been done in the dog. PMID- 3898534 TI - Myeloproliferative disorders. AB - Myeloproliferative disorders are uncommon in the dog and may be classified as chronic or acute. Excessive proliferation of mature cells leads to an overproduction of terminally differentiated blood cells (chronic MPD). Inability of cells to mature results in the accumulation of poorly differentiated blast cells in the peripheral blood and bone marrow (acute MPD). Because the lesion appears to be at the level of the hematopoietic stem cell, all cell lines in the bone marrow may be affected. Diagnosis depends upon the accurate identification of neoplastic cells and the absence of other diseases associated with bone marrow hyperplasia. The prognosis for chronic MPD is guarded, whereas for acute MPD it is grave. Accurate identification of these disorders in animals is important. Investigation and greater understanding of the pathophysiologic mechanisms may lead to more lasting therapeutic successes in the future. PMID- 3898535 TI - Paraneoplastic disorders in dogs with hematopoietic tumors. AB - Often overlooked in the presence of neoplasia, PNDs constitute significant clinical entities in dogs with hematopoietic tumors. They may cause morbidity and mortality in such patients, with effects more severe than those caused by the associated tumor. Accurate clinical evaluation of these disorders is important in differential diagnosis and treatment, for failure to realize that cancer can produce many clinical signs similar to those of other diseases may lead to incorrect diagnosis and delayed therapy. Early recognition of the problem underlying the PND is essential to selecting the proper therapeutic approach and maximizing the patient's chances for remission and survival. The presence of these disorders may complicate or rule out the preferred therapy in some cases of hematopoietic neoplasia, because the addition of cytotoxic drugs may worsen the existing PND, predisposing the dog to a variety of complications. Appropriate management of the PND may be of more immediate importance than treatment of the tumor. The study and recognition of PNDs in dogs with hematopoietic tumors may be valuable for a number of reasons: to facilitate early diagnosis of the tumor, for the observed abnormalities may represent tumor cell markers; to allow assessment of premalignant states; to aid in the search for metastases; to help quantify and monitor response to therapy; to aid in the evaluation of tumor recurrence or progression; to aid in identifying specific pathophysiologic processes by which cancer produces systemic effects; and to provide insight into the study of malignant transformation. Recognition of PNDs is relevant to the diagnosis and treatment of many problems in veterinary cancer medicine. With increasing emphasis on diagnosis and treatment of canine hematopoietic tumors, PNDs will be recognized with greater frequency and will assume greater importance in the therapeutic management of those patients. Research in veterinary and human cancer medicine needs to be directed toward identifying more definitively those substances and pathways that are responsible for PNDs, because therapy directed toward arresting the specific pathophysiologic processes causing the PND may offer the best approach for successful management of cancer. PMID- 3898536 TI - Immunomodulation of hematopoietic tumors. AB - Immunotherapy has been used in a variety of hematopoietic and solid tumors. Because patients with leukemia and lymphoma are immunosuppressed, immunomodulation with chemotherapy may be beneficial. Chemoimmunotherapy of canine lymphoma is discussed. PMID- 3898537 TI - Surgery in hematopoietic tumors. AB - The role of surgery in the diagnosis of hematopoietic malignancies is undisputed. Many techniques to procure and examine representative tissue samples are recognized in identifying dogs and cats with these diseases. More sophisticated cytologic techniques not yet readily available would be helpful in implementing appropriate diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic approaches. Surgery has a limited role in the management of primary disease. The greatest limitation to surgical intervention is the systemic nature of most hematopoietic malignancies. Other limitations that can more realistically be overcome include early recognition of patients with extranodal lymphomas in Stage I disease, the increased use of surgery and radiation as adjunctive therapies for patients with regional disease, a more aggressive approach to the treatment of disease complications, and the implementation of promising experimental therapies in clinical patients of the future. The surgeon treating dogs and cats with hematopoietic malignancies must, as always, practice accepted principles of bacteriologic and oncologic asepsis and await further advances in veterinary medicine to integrate this discipline more completely with other modalities of therapy. PMID- 3898538 TI - Current experimental therapy. AB - For successful experimental therapy of canine hematopoietic tumors, one must have a randomized homogeneous population of patients in reasonably good condition. Drug combinations should contain several agents, each with antitumor effect, acceptable toxicity, and of reasonable cost. Other modalities include biological response modifiers, radiation, differentiation-inducing agents, and marrow transplantation. Ways must be found to prevent drug resistance of tumor cells. PMID- 3898539 TI - Amyloid in canine mammary tumors. AB - In canine mammary carcinomas, amyloid was present as amyloid-containing corpora amylacea and as local deposits between neoplastic epithelial cells or in stromal tissue. Histochemical staining methods revealed that this amyloid was not of the AA-type amyloid and contained tryptophan. The possible pathogenesis of this amyloid deposition is discussed. PMID- 3898540 TI - John Shipp's headstone. PMID- 3898541 TI - Interaction of host physiology and efficacy of antiparasitic drugs. AB - Antiparasitic drugs must be conducted to the parasite by the host and are therefore subject to physiological and biochemical processes in the host. Usually the efficacy of an antiparasitic drug will depend on a toxic concentration being presented to the parasite for sufficient time to lead to irreversible damage. Because many drugs are, in part, absorbed and transported to the site of the parasite by the circulatory system the area under the plasma concentration curve (AUC) may reflect availability of drug to the parasite and likely efficacy. A number of host physiological factors affect the AUC. Many anthelmintics are given orally as solids. Some absorption occurs in the rumen of ruminants, but many heterocyclic compounds such as the benzimidazoles require the low pH of the abomasum or gastric stomach to render them soluble. Certain disease states, including gastrointestinal parasitism, can cause the gastric pH to rise. This may in turn reduce solubility and absorption with resultant faster rate of excretion, particularly when accompanied by diarrhoea, and a reduced AUC. Once the anthelmintic has been absorbed, after oral or systemic administration, it is usually rapidly transported to the liver. The liver and adipose tissue may store the drug, releasing it over a period to produce a sustained effect as occurs with ivermectin, or it may rapidly metabolise it. A few anthelmintics, such as febantel, probably need to be metabolised in order to become active. However, more frequently the liver is involved in oxidation or reduction, followed by conjugation with sulfate, glucuronide or glutathione to render the drug more polar, to increase its molecular weight, inactivate it and facilitate its excretion. The rate of metabolism has been found to vary considerably between species and thus different dose rates and treatment are often required to achieve adequate antiparasite activity, with species such as deer, cattle and probably goats metabolising some anthelmintics faster than sheep. Some interesting possibilities for altering the absorption and metabolism of anthelmintics by the host may allow improved efficacy and reliability of antiparasite activity without necessarily increasing the dose rate of anthelmintic. PMID- 3898542 TI - New methods of applying drugs for the control of ectoparasites. AB - A brief history of the development of methods used to apply drugs (commonly called insecticides or acaricides) to domesticated animals for the control of ectoparasites is presented. The focus is on methods used in the United States for treating cattle, sheep and goats, and swine. Details of the evolution of treatment methods are presented for lice, flies, cattle grubs, keds, ticks, and other arthropods. In general, treatment methods have undergone some change over the years; while, in contrast, treatment materials have changed considerably. Three trends in treatment methods become obvious - (1) Gradual reduction in the amount of treatment material applied dermally from spray or dip to pouron, to spoton, and to insecticide-impregnated ear tags, (2) Increasingly wider use of animal systemic insecticides administered orally or percutaneously to control a variety of ectoparasites, and (3) The development of new methods (sustained release devices) to lengthen the residual effectiveness of treatments. Unfortunately, lengthened residual effectiveness may lead to resistance of important ectoparasites to the treatment materials. PMID- 3898543 TI - New methods of drug application for control of helminths. AB - Several new ways have been developed of delivering anthelmintics to ruminants aimed particularly at reducing labour. For single doses, these include a semi automatic rumen injector for giving insoluble drugs to cattle more conveniently and efficiently than by oral dosing, and the dermal application of levamisole which is, however, subject to seasonal variation in absorption. Sustained administration offers potentially a high level of preventive control but carries a greater risk of developing drug resistance. Even with the best available methods of group administration in feed supplements or drinking water, there remains some uncontrollable variation in individual intake. Intraruminal sustained release devices largely overcome this problem and constitute the most important new technology. They are represented at present by the commercially successful morantel sustained release bolus, and the more versatile Laby capsule which is under development for anthelmintic delivery. Other new applications include the possible development of synergists, potentiators and drug combinations, the special features of drugs which bind strongly to plasma proteins, and the new possibilities offered by a drug highly effective against all stages of Fasciola hepatica. In the general approach to anthelmintic application in helminth control, there have been advances in knowledge of helminth population biology which can lead to better timing of strategic dosing programs, which show that single treatments can have persistent benefits without a simultaneous reduction in infection rate, and which question the conventional view that control schemes require the treatment of all animals in the group. PMID- 3898544 TI - African trypanosomiasis in cattle: working with nature's solution. AB - Both acquired and innate resistance to African trypanosomiasis can occur in cattle. The former raises the possibility of a vaccine against tsetsetransmitted metacyclic trypanosomes which have been shown to have a smaller repertoire of variable antigens than bloodstream parasites. The latter provides two further avenues of approach: firstly, trypanotolerant breeds are being increasingly exploited and improved by conventional management and breeding methods including embryo transfer; secondly, research is being carried out into the factors associated with their innate resistance, i.e., the control of trypanosome growth, the development of effective immune responses and resistance to anaemia. If the mechanisms underlying these factors are identified it might be possible by immunisation, by specific drug treatment or by transfection of appropriate genes to produce highly productive cattle resistant to trypanosomiasis. PMID- 3898545 TI - Pathogenesis of trichostrongylosis. AB - Trichostrongylosis is a major cause of impaired productivity in ruminants. The pathogenesis of such infections is principally associated with inappetence and increased losses of proteins into the gastrointestinal tract. Resultant changes in host metabolism account for the poor productivity in infected animals, although the precise mechanisms require further investigation. Studies are also required to investigate in greater detail the interactions between trichostrongylosis and the nutritional and immunological status of the host. PMID- 3898546 TI - Synthetic fuels: production and products. AB - A brief primer on synthetic fuels is given. The paper includes brief descriptions of generic conversion technologies that can be used to convert various raw materials such as coal, oil shale, tar sands, peat and biomass into synthetic fuels similar in character to petroleum-derived fuels currently in commerce. Because the subject is vast and the space is limited, references for additional information on synthetic fuel processes and products are also given in the paper. PMID- 3898547 TI - [Dynamics of reorganization and adaptation of the components of osteochondrous autografts]. PMID- 3898548 TI - [Multiple para-articular calcifications in patients with chronic renal insufficiency treated with hemodialysis and kidney transplantation]. PMID- 3898549 TI - [Roentgenologists--participants in World War II (contribution to the history of the roentgenologic service)]. PMID- 3898550 TI - [Emission photon computed absorptiometry in clinical practice (review of the literature)]. PMID- 3898551 TI - Isolation of pig Clq and its structural and functional characterization. AB - Pig Clq, a subcomponent of the first component of complement, was isolated in a fully hemolytically active form using precipitation in the presence of chelating agents at low ionic strength. Three times precipitated Clq was highly purified as shown by immunoelectrophoresis, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and ultracentrifugation. The yield of Clq using this method ranged from 40 to 55%. Pig Clq was also purified using precipitation with EDTA followed by affinity chromatography on a pig IgG-Sepharose 4B column. However, overall recovery of Clq was only about 10%. The purified Clq was heat-labile (56 degrees C, 30 min) both structurally and functionally, had an apparent molecular weight of 400 600 daltons as determined by ultracentrifugation, and restored the hemolytic complement activity of Clq-depleted sera of various species thus confirming interchangeability of this subcomponent. Cross-reactivity of pig, human, guinea pig, mouse, rat and frog Clq-containing sera with monospecific anti-pig Clq antiserum showed a high degree of antigenic similarity. PMID- 3898552 TI - In vivo proteolytic activity of the mammary gland. Contribution to the origin of secretory component, beta 2-microglobulin and bovine-associated mucoprotein (BAMP) in cows milk. AB - Milk samples were collected from Holstein-Friesian cows at various times after milking (10-30 min; 30 min-10 hr) and treated with a protease inhibitor or control solution. Samples were then fractionated into whole, skimmed and cell free skimmed milk aliquots. Some animals were treated with E. coli endotoxin prior to sample collection. The concentrations of three membrane-associated proteins (MAP), beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2M), secretory component (SC) and bovine-associated mucoprotein (BAMP) as well as albumin were measured in each aliquot to determine if in vivo proteolysis of milk elements could explain the origin of these MAP in milk. All three MAP could be localized on milk fat globules (MFG) and alveolar epithelial cells of the gland. Data revealed that all BAMP in milk can be accounted for by in vivo proteolytic degradation of MFG while most beta 2M is derived by similar degradation, from cellular elements in milk, presumably monocytes. Experiments with endotoxin which elevate PMN levels, failed to influence the release of any MAP while elevating albumin levels by greater than 10-fold. Based on these studies, SC release into milk cannot be ascribed to a protease-dependent mechanism. PMID- 3898553 TI - The longevity of immunoglobulin preservation in canine skin utilizing Michel's fixative. AB - Skin biopsy specimens from 7 dogs with immune-mediated skin diseases diagnosed by routine histology and 5 dogs with other skin diseases were placed in Michel's transport medium for 4 to 9 years. Direct immunofluorescence yielded positive results in tissue samples from 3 dogs with pemphigus foliaceus and 2 dogs with discoid lupus erythematosus. Direct immunofluorescence was not seen in tissue samples from 1 dog with pemphigus foliaceus and 5 dogs with non immune-mediated skin diseases. Direct immunofluorescence was seen in skin biopsy specimens maintained in Michel's medium for 4 to 8 years. PMID- 3898554 TI - Quantitation and localization of immunoglobulin E containing cells in bovine lymphoid tissues. AB - Although recent studies have begun to describe and quantify IgE responses in bovine serum and secretions, little is known about the distribution and quantity of IgE containing cells in cattle. In the present study, cells with cytoplasmic IgE were quantitated in bovine lymphoid tissues, using immunoperoxidase staining and evaluation by an image analysing computer (Quantimet). Frozen sections from retropharyngeal, bronchial and mesenteric lymph nodes, tonsil and spleen were stained from 11 calves, some of which had been exposed to antigen by aerosol or injection. Although individual variability was considerable, bronchial and mesenteric lymph nodes generally contained the greatest percentage of IgE containing cells, while retropharyngeal lymph node, tonsil, and spleen had less. Parenteral immunization with ovalbumin appeared to increase the splenic percentage, while aerosol exposure to ovalbumin was associated with a greater percentage of IgE containing cells in bronchial lymph nodes. Comparison of the present results with those reported for other species shows some similar trends in IgE localization. PMID- 3898556 TI - The occurrence of and organisms concerned with bovine mycotic abortion in some counties of Ireland. AB - Bovine mycotic abortion in some counties of the Irish provinces of Leinster and Ulster was estimated at 1-2% of all abortions for which a causal agent was identified in the years from 1969 to 1978. The organism most commonly isolated from diseased specimens was Aspergillus fumigatus, followed by Absidia corymbifera. There was no relationship between the incidence of the disease in any year and the rainfall or number of raindays during the previous summer. The data obtained are discussed in relation to the occurrence of the disease in the United Kingdom. PMID- 3898557 TI - Faecal bacteria of wild ruminants and the alpine marmot. AB - Faecal samples from 60 red deer (Cervus elaphus), 13 roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), 7 chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra), 41 alpine marmot (Marmota marmota) and soils mixed with deer faeces from the Stelvio National Park were examined for Campylobacter sp. and Salmonella sp. with negative results. The same material, especially deer faeces, was a habitat highly suitable for Yersinia sp.: Y. enterocolitica (two biotypes) was isolated twice, Y. kristensenii (two serotypes) was isolated 19 times, Y. frederiksenii and Y. intermedia were isolated once. Antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli were isolated from 16 specimens from wild ruminants, one from marmot and two from feeding places. PMID- 3898558 TI - The acute phase reaction detected in dogs by concanavalin A binding. AB - Using a kinetic turbidimetric assay based on the binding of serum glycoprotein to concanavalin A the acute phase reaction has been detected in dogs. Raised levels of glycoprotein were found in dogs which had undergone surgery, had been treated with bacterial endotoxin and had various inflammatory conditions. PMID- 3898555 TI - The occurrence and significance of Campylobacter jejuni in man and animals. AB - Campylobacter jejuni, which is now recognized as a discrete species, is a gram negative, microaerophilic, thermophilic, nalidixic acid sensitive, hippurate positive pathogen requiring special selective media for propogation. The organism is widely distributed in avian species, experimental and companion animals and in humans. Mammalian campylobacteriosis is characterized by an enterocolitis of variable severity. The prevalence of the condition is relatively high in young individuals, in underdeveloped countries and in subjects with diarrhea. Food animals, especially poultry, are reservoirs of the organism and infection occurs following consumption of untreated surface water, unpasteurized milk, incompletely cooked meat or other contaminated food products. Close contact with infected immature companion animals is a significant cause of campylobacteriosis in children and direct intrafamilial transmission and occupational infection have been documented. Campylobacteriosis attributable to C. jejuni is a condition of emerging significance which arises principally from deficiencies in hygiene inherent in the environment and in the food chain which extends from domestic animals to the consumer. PMID- 3898559 TI - [Sensitivity to drugs of Escherichia coli strains isolated from poultry with coli septicemia]. AB - Investigations were carried out into the susceptibility of a total of 223 strains of Escherichia coli to therapeutic agents with the employment of the disk diffusion method. The organisms were isolated from internal organs and bone marrow of birds died of coli septicaemia. The serologic classification of the strains was defined with the use of 88 anti-group OK-agglutinating sera obtained through hyperimmunization of rabbits with the following Escherichia coli serotypes: 01-063, 068, 071, 073, 075, 078, 086, 0101, 0103, 0111-0114, 0119, 0124, 0129, 0135-0141, 0146, 0147, and 0149. It was found that serologically the strains referred as follows: 01-41 strains, 02-70 strains, 04-2 strains, 08-3 strains, 026-1 strain, 078-70 strains, 0111-2 strains, 0103-1 strain, 0141-1 strain. The number of untypable strains amounted to 32. Highest number of strains proved sensitive to colistin--96.06%, the remaining drugs following in a descending order: flumequine--95.65%, apramycin - 95.5%, gentamycin--93.72%, amoxicillin--93,8%, amikacin--88.57%, carbenicillin--86.88%, furazolidone- 83,13%, and kanamycin--79.36%. High was the percent of strains resistant to tetracycline--66.17%, spectinomycin--61.67%, ampicillin--51.12%, chloramphenicol- 50.23%, and streptomycin--44.84%. PMID- 3898560 TI - [Role of atypical mycobacteria in the occurrence of nonspecific tuberculin reactions in cattle]. AB - Bacteriologic investigations were carried out with a total of 295 cattle of the Holstein-Zebu breed that responded positively to tuberculin. Mycobacterium bovis was isolated from 66 animals, and 12 species of atypical mycobacteria were isolated from 94 animals. Parallel studies were comparatively made of the intradermal reaction test and the bacterial findings. Three groups of calves were infected with various atypical mycobacteria, and their response was followed up with the use of the avian and the bovine type of tuberculin on the 100 th day of infection. It was found that the unspecific tuberculin response of cattle in Cuba were not uncommon, and the best proportion of such reactions were shown to be due to the involvement of atypical mycobacteria. The investigated cattle with a positive response to bovine tuberculin at a single intradermal test were harbouring M. bovis in 66 cases (22.3 per cent), atypical mycobacteria in 94 cases (32.1 per cent), and Actinomyces bovis in 7 cases (2.3 per cent). In 128 of the cases (43.3 per cent) both the morphologic and the bacteriologic findings were negative. The cases with a stronger response at the single intradermal tuberculin test in which the skin fold enlarged over 6.5 mm corresponded to a larger extent to the actual specific infection in the animals than to an infection caused by atypical mycobacteria, however, this could not be absolutely stated for all animals. Following a muscular as well as an oral infection of calves with atypical mycobacteria the allergic response was enhanced from the 40 th up to the 100 th day, the positive reaction to avian tuberculin becoming stronger than to bovine tuberculin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3898561 TI - [Enzyme constellation of the blood plasma in the prognosis of decreased adaptability in newborn calves]. AB - The dynamic was studied of the enzyme activity of ChE, APh, Ald, GOAT, GPT, LDG, and CPh in 30 newborn calves. Fifteen of the animals developed coli bacteriosis later on. Blood was sampled at the 6th to 24th hour as well as on the 5th day following birth. At the 6th hour ChE, APh, Ald, and CPh of the diseased calves showed lower activity as against the enzyme activity of the unaffected animals. Similar trend was noticed also at the 24th hour. Contrary to the other enzymes of the constellation the changes observed in the activity of GPT were invariably connected with a considerable rise in diseased animals. The changes in the activity and dynamic of the investigated enzyme constellation can be used to forecast the incidence of coli bacteriosis. PMID- 3898562 TI - [Effect of environmental factors on the body response reactions in newborn calves]. AB - Studied was the role of the general state and the adaptability of newborn calves under the effect of some environmental factors (temperature and relative humidity) that had no optimal values in the onset of diseases caused by occasionally pathogenic agents. It was found that under conditions that were one and the same for all calves the metabolic and functional responses were varying. Those of the animals with which the nervous-and-hormonal system was more unstable manifested a specific biochemical-and-functional response through which no'equilibration' was achieved with the environment, and they got sick. Others, exhibiting metabolic processes that were stronger and more stable as the result of the involvement of more powerful regulatory mechanisms inherent to a 'neuro functional' animal organism could adapt successfully to the nonoptimal factors of the environment. Such animals were not shown to be susceptible to the effects of conditionally pathogenic agents. PMID- 3898563 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of amoxicillin trihydrate in sheep infected experimentally with Corynebacterium pyogenes and Escherichia coli]. AB - A comparative experiment was carried out with sheep that were infected i/v and via the joints with Corynebacterium pyogenes and Escherichia coli, and with normal sheep left as controls. The pharmacokinetic parameters were determined of amoxicillin-trihydrate following its i/m application to all animals in a 20 percent oil suspension. It was found that there was delayed excretion of the antibiotic, and as a rule it was maintained in higher concentrations in the diseased animals. the differences were likely to be due to changes in the metabolic processes and to injury of the kidneys. PMID- 3898564 TI - Duck hepatitis B virus is tropic for exocrine cells of the pancreas. AB - Earlier observations had established that duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) is tropic for pancreatic endocrine cells, including cells localized to islets and to acini. Because cells identifiable as endocrine represented only a minor fraction of the total acinar-associated, infected subpopulation, the possibility was addressed in the present study that this subpopulation also comprises exocrine cells. Fixed preparations of cells from pancreas of congenitally DHBV-infected young ducks were reacted in double immunofluorescence assay with anti-virus serum and either anti-avian pancreatic polypeptide (APP) serum, a probe for a major subclass of acinar-associated endocrine cells, or anti-chymotrypsin serum, a probe for exocrine cells. Approximately 2-5% of the cells in these preparations were viral antigen-positive, comprising a minor fraction positive for APP and a much larger fraction positive for chymotrypsinogen. The detection of the latter establishes that DHBV is tropic for exocrine cells. PMID- 3898565 TI - [Modern problems and results in orthotopic transplantation of the heart in clinical medicine]. PMID- 3898566 TI - [A review of selected cytostatic agents based on platinum]. PMID- 3898567 TI - [Treatment of hypertension and ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 3898568 TI - [Modern methods in the immunology of blood platelets]. PMID- 3898569 TI - [Role of the Military Medical Museum in realizing the decisions of the Communist Party and the government on improving material living conditions for the participants in World War II]. PMID- 3898570 TI - [The heroism of Soviet military medics]. PMID- 3898571 TI - [Soldiers in white smocks]. PMID- 3898572 TI - [Participation of Soviet forensic physicians in investigating crimes committed by the fascists]. PMID- 3898573 TI - [Role of A.M. Ovchinnikov in developing studies of therapeutic underground waters and their use]. PMID- 3898574 TI - [I.M. Sechenov Yalta Institute--70th anniversary]. PMID- 3898575 TI - [A.E. Shcherbak and his role in the development of Soviet physiotherapy]. PMID- 3898576 TI - [History of the restoration of Crimean health resorts 1944-1950]. PMID- 3898577 TI - [Current methods of treating patients with lymphogranulomatosis, stages I and II]. PMID- 3898578 TI - [Outlook for the use of antitumor vaccines in the treatment and prevention of malignant neoplasms]. PMID- 3898579 TI - [Organ distribution of bovine serum albumin administered intragastrically in the rat]. AB - Radioimmunoassay was employed to examine distribution of antigenic structures of bovine serum albumin (BSA), absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract, in the blood serum and organs of intact rats. It was shown that 3 h after administering 3H-BSA an appreciable amount of its antigenic structures could be identified in the blood serum, liver, spleen, and carcass of the animals. The total amount of antigenic determinants of BSA which got into the internal environment of the body from the intestine amounted to about 0.2% of the dose administered. The highest specific content of antigenic structures of BSA supplied via the intestinal barrier was detected in the spleen. PMID- 3898580 TI - A microtiter modification of granulocyte immunofluorescence. AB - The granulocyte immunofluorescence test (GIFT) is valuable for detecting allogeneic and autologous granulocyte antibodies. However, the original tube technique (macro GIFT) requires 50-100 microliters of serum and 10(6) granulocytes with time-consuming washing steps which cause cell loss. We report a modification (micro GIFT) using microtiter trays which requires only 20 microliters of serum and 2 X 10(5) granulocytes. The modified method conserves reagents, reduces the time required for washing by 67%, decreases cell loss in washing by 74%, reduces the volume of conjugate required by 67%, and compares favorably with the macro GIFT in accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity. PMID- 3898581 TI - The serology of febrile transfusion reactions. AB - Sera from 40 patients with febrile, nonhemolytic transfusion reactions were tested for the presence of alloantibodies using a number of techniques, including immuno-fluorescence tests on granulocytes, lymphocytes and platelets, a modified NIH lymphocytotoxicity test and the leukocyte agglutination test. Cells of at least 9 donors were used as target cells. Alloantibodies were detected in all sera. The frequency of the occurrence of antibodies was not much higher in sera obtained about 1 month after the transfusion reaction as in sera obtained within 4 days. Most of these antibodies were anti-HLA, but quite frequently platelet specific antibodies were found, and sometimes these were the only antibodies detected. Granulocyte-specific antibodies were the least frequent. The nature of the antibodies was specified by their difference in reactivity with the cells of multiple donors, by applying panels of cells from typed donors and by absorption and elution experiments. It appeared that not only granulocyte-specific but also HLA- and perhaps platelet-specific antibodies may be responsible for a febrile transfusion reaction. We did not find that the occurrence of rigors, together with fever, was associated with particular serologic results. PMID- 3898582 TI - [Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome]. PMID- 3898583 TI - [Pathophysiological characteristics of anemia in patients periodically dialyzed]. PMID- 3898584 TI - [Calcium antagonists--their clinical use]. PMID- 3898585 TI - [Principles, means and potentials for decreasing hospital mortality in acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 3898586 TI - [Current aspects of the etiology and pathogenesis of primary gout]. PMID- 3898587 TI - [Ultrasonic characteristics of echinococcal cysts]. AB - The results from an ultrasound examination of 55 patients with positive hydatid cysts were retrospectively discussed. The total number of the cysts was 79, because some of the patients had two and more cysts. Four types of images were described: simple cysts, cysts with daughter cyst, echogenic and calcified. The connection between the ultrasound image and individual characteristics of the cysts were looked for. PMID- 3898588 TI - [Diagnostic value and the criteria for abdominal echography in cancer of the gallbladder and bile ducts]. AB - Sixty one patients were studied during a three-year clinical investigation: 39 patients with cancer of gallbladder and 22 with cancer of biliary ducts. The diagnostic values of echography in those diseases was assessed. The method proved to be sensitive in 84,6 per cent in cancer of gallbladder, with specificity in 94,6 per cent and accuracy in 90,5 per cent and in cancer of biliary ducts, with the exception of papilla of Vater, those values were 66,6, 96,2 and 95,5 per cent respectively, and in papilla--28,6, 98,8 and 93,7 per cent. The good diagnostic values of the method in cholestasis and the place of biliary stop is stressed upon. Various echographic images of cancerous alterations of gallbladder and biliary ducts are described. PMID- 3898589 TI - [Clinical trial of drugs for treating urological infections--pipemidic acid]. AB - A method was elaborated for clinical trial of pharmaceuticals for the treatment of infections of kidneys and urinary ducts. The main requirements are as follows: definitive diagnostic criteria for urological infection, monotherapy, systematic control for the drug intake, precisely formulated indices for assessment of the effect, strict follow-up of adverse and toxic effects. The effect was assessed according to a three-stage scale: very good, good and poor, consideration given not only to the clinical and laboratory indices but to adverse effects as well. Pipemidic acid was studied according to that model--the acid being a new chemotherapeutic, similar to nalidixic acid according to chemical composition and action. Out of all 29 patients treated, 19 were with very good effect, with good- 6, and with poor--4. The adverse effects were negligible--one patient had light urticarial rash and pruritus. PMID- 3898590 TI - [The place of obesity among the causes of diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 3898591 TI - Nocardiosis in patients treated with corticosteroids. A report on three cases. PMID- 3898592 TI - Acute pesticide poisoning in the Caribbean. PMID- 3898593 TI - Evaluation of an immunofluorescence test for the diagnosis of gonorrhoea. PMID- 3898594 TI - Clinical profile of diabetes mellitus in Jamaica (phasic insulin dependence). PMID- 3898595 TI - Medi-Cal hospital contracting--did it achieve its legislative objectives? AB - The 1982 Medi-Cal reforms and reductions established selective contracting with hospitals for inpatient care of Medi-Cal beneficiaries. The legislation established a special negotiator and criteria to be used in selecting contract hospitals. We report the findings of a study that analyzed the characteristics of contract and noncontract hospitals in Los Angeles County to assess how well these criteria were reflected in the outcome of the contracting process. We examine issues of beneficiary access to general inpatient care and to specialized services, the efficiency of contract hospitals compared with noncontract ones and quality-related issues. PMID- 3898596 TI - Intestinal parasites in Southeast Asian refugee children. AB - To determine the predictability of pediatric stool-parasite patterns among various Southeast Asian ethnic groups, I collected data from medical and microbiology laboratory records on all Southeast Asian refugee children who had a stool specimen examined for ova and parasites over a 21-month period. For most of the children, the specimen was examined as part of routine "health screening." The patterns of infection by ethnic group for those Vietnamese and Laotian children living in Seattle differ from the patterns seen in other geographic areas. PMID- 3898598 TI - A Medicaid success story. PMID- 3898599 TI - [Indications for and results of surgical treatment of cervix incompetence in pregnancy]. PMID- 3898601 TI - [The health of King Wladislaus Lokietek]. PMID- 3898597 TI - Risk factors in stroke. AB - In the United States, stroke accounts for 160,000 annual deaths; only 16% of the 1.8 million stroke survivors are fully independent. The incidence of stroke increases with age. Hemorrhagic strokes outnumber ischemic strokes before age 15. Japanese men in this country have a lower stroke mortality than their age peers in Japan. Excessive stroke mortality for US nonwhites may not be entirely due to the greater prevalence of hypertension among blacks. Hypertension emerges as the single most powerful and reversible risk factor in stroke and for survival after stroke. Impaired cardiac function is the second most important precursor of stroke. The recurrence of stroke in survivors is high. The frequency of completed stroke is high in persons with transient ischemic attacks, but not in those with asymptomatic carotid bruits. Other reversible risk factors are smoking, the use of oral contraceptives, alcoholic excess, a low level of physical activity, blood hyperviscosity and drug abuse. PMID- 3898600 TI - [Evaluation of the results of tests for toxoplasmosis]. PMID- 3898602 TI - [Can computers replace a physician's abilities?]. PMID- 3898603 TI - Repair of ventricular septal defects. PMID- 3898604 TI - Obstructions to left ventricular outflow. PMID- 3898605 TI - Repair of complete atrioventricular canal in infancy. PMID- 3898606 TI - Intrathoracic esophagojejunostomy following the resection of the lower esophagus- Tohru Ohsawa, pioneer in surgery of the esophagus. PMID- 3898607 TI - State Medical Society of Wisconsin: 1985 Membership Directory as of July 1, 1985. PMID- 3898608 TI - World malaria situation 1983. Malaria Action Programme, World Health Organization, Geneva. PMID- 3898609 TI - Human placental indanol dehydrogenase: some properties of the microsomal enzyme. AB - Indanol dehydrogenase activity of human placenta was examined in vitro. The enzyme, primarily localized in the particulate fractions of placenta, catalysed conversion of 1-indanol to 1-indanone in the presence of oxidized pyridine nucleotides. Both NAD+ and NADP+ supported the reaction with nearly equal efficiency. PMID- 3898610 TI - The effects of lead on the renin-angiotensin system. AB - Acute lead treatment of rabbits resulted in significant increases in both plasma renin activity and aldosterone concentration. No significant changes were observed in blood pressure, heart rate and plasma angiotensin-converting enzyme activity. The calcium channel-blocking drug verapamil attenuated the renin and aldosterone response in vivo. Lead increased renin release in a dose-dependent manner in a renal cortex slice preparation. Both verapamil and diltiazem attenuated the lead-induced renin release in vitro, but only with diltiazem did this attain statistical significance. PMID- 3898611 TI - Scientific essays on fever and infection in honor of Elisha Atkins, M.D. PMID- 3898612 TI - Elisha Atkins, M.D.: an appreciation. PMID- 3898613 TI - [Johann Gregor Mendel and medical genetics. A medical history sketch on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of his death 6 January 1984]. PMID- 3898614 TI - [External ear cancer and its surgical treatment]. PMID- 3898615 TI - [Current problems of urban construction hygiene]. PMID- 3898616 TI - [Combined effects of ethanol and solvents]. PMID- 3898617 TI - [Toxicological significance of dimethylformamide]. PMID- 3898618 TI - [Landmarks in medico-scientific publishing during the 18th and the first half of the 19th centuries]. AB - The history of the medical and natural scientific publications in the 18th and the first half of the 19th century shows several culmination points in Halle, which are connected with the names of outstanding physicians and their activities as editors. A remarkably good typographic trade gave the prerequisite for this development, in which prominent individual examples are particularly emphasized. PMID- 3898619 TI - [Willem Einthoven. Thoughts on the occasion of his 125th anniversary]. AB - 125 years ago William Einthoven (May 21st, 1860, to Sept. 28th, 1927) was born. Already at the age of 25 he was appointed professor for physiology at Leiden University, Holland. From 1894 to 1913 he worked out essential fundaments of modern electrocardiology. He constructed the string galvanometer and thus he created an essential technical basis for the development of clinically applicable electrocardiographs. Apart from the electrocardiography also the phonocardiography owes decisive impulse to Einthoven and his school. Besides a biographical outline the paper gives a survey of essential facts of our electrocardiographic knowledge going back to Einthoven and compiles the most important papers in a selective bibliography. PMID- 3898620 TI - [Side-effects of drugs on the male sexual function]. AB - There are many drugs that may influence libido, erection, or ejaculation. In most cases, the sexual function is impaired, whereas enhancement is rarely seen. Such effects most likely occur in the course of treatment with drugs: interfering with the regulation of sexual hormones; exerting effects on central nervous mechanisms; influencing the autonomic nervous system; or causing changes of the peripheral blood flow. PMID- 3898621 TI - [Healing of a mental patient in the late Middle Ages. Community therapy by Hildegard of Bingen]. AB - An account is given of the case history of a woman afflicted with mental disease and its course of healing, as described in the works of St. Hildegard of Bingen. The therapy may be considered as an early attempt of "team work" in health care. For better understanding of this rather casuistic contribution to the medicine of the High Middle Ages some principles of mediaeval medicine are explained. The key figure of "melancolia" is thereby given a position of central importance for the understanding of psychic disturbances in the Middle Ages. PMID- 3898622 TI - [Immunologic determination of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase concentration of red blood cells of G6PD defect carriers]. PMID- 3898623 TI - Determination of skeletal age by histological methods. PMID- 3898624 TI - [The composition of lymph]. PMID- 3898625 TI - Subunit vaccines against enveloped viruses: virosomes, micelles and other protein complexes. AB - The envelope proteins (the peplomers) of enveloped viruses are the components that are important for induction of protective immunity. This article reviews methods and problems of making subunit vaccines of peplomers. In the first section, the solubilization of enveloped viruses with detergent is discussed. The preparation of envelope proteins into defined different physical forms is described, i.e. monomeric and micelle forms and the reconstitution of the protein into lipid vesicles (virosomes). Finally, the preparation of a new type of complex is described (named iscom), which is highly immunogenic. In the following sections the efficacy of the different physical forms are reviewed and it is concluded that monomeric forms must be avoided since they are poorly immunogenic and they may even have a suppressive effect on the immune response. The multimeric micelles, virosomes and iscoms are all immunogenic. The iscom is an interesting new concept that can be used to produce efficient subunit vaccines. PMID- 3898626 TI - Treatment options for localized prostate carcinoma. PMID- 3898627 TI - [The problem of the correlation of nervism and the physicochemical trend in biology and medicine in the works of I. P. Pavlov]. PMID- 3898628 TI - [The problem of the natural and the artificial in medicine]. PMID- 3898629 TI - [Suffering as a problem in the history of philosophy and medical ethics]. PMID- 3898630 TI - [160th anniversary of the first dissertation on syphilis defended at the Moscow University]. PMID- 3898631 TI - [Clinical effectiveness of T-activin in the treatment of cutaneous forms of lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 3898632 TI - [The horny layer as a boundary membrane]. PMID- 3898633 TI - [Mucous synechial atrophic bullous dermatitis]. PMID- 3898634 TI - [A. A. Ukhtomskii and the reflex theory of behavior]. PMID- 3898635 TI - [Excerpts from L. A. Orbeli's report from September 21, 1943 on the fulfillment of the plan for research work in 1942 and the 1st half of 1943 in the Division of Biological Sciences of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR under his directorship]. PMID- 3898636 TI - [Trends in the protection of nature in the USSR during the postwar period (1945 1985)]. PMID- 3898637 TI - [Clinical procedures in immediate denture treatment]. PMID- 3898638 TI - [Review of studies of enamel and dentin permeability to bacteria and bacterial toxins]. PMID- 3898640 TI - [Clinical and laboratory technology of cast frameworks]. PMID- 3898639 TI - [Scaling and root planing--the basis of periodontal disease treatment]. PMID- 3898641 TI - [A cast framework for a missing incisor]. PMID- 3898642 TI - [A case for a cast framework splint]. PMID- 3898643 TI - [Experimental use of a computer in prosthetic dentistry]. PMID- 3898644 TI - Management of pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction in the first six months of life. AB - The authors report on clinical experience from 20 infants who were under six months of age, and who had been referred during the last five years for pelvi ureteric junction obstruction. Any over-eagerness to arrive at an early diagnosis, mostly on the basis of prenatal ultrasonographic suspicion, must be tempered. Pyelocaliceal dilatation in newborn infants may not be related to obstruction, and overtreatment must be avoided by careful preoperative evaluation. Tc-DTPA diuretic computerised renography proved extremely reliable, whereas IVP may be unsatisfactory and misleading. Whenever surgical correction was indicated for a documented pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction, Anderson Hynes pyeloplasty was performed, except in one case, where severe dysplastic changes in the hydronephrotic kidney necessitated nephrectomy. Splinting of the anastomosis was adopted in newborn with thin ureters. An infant with left pelvi ureteric obstruction and right multicystic kidney died from renal failure a few days after right nephrectomy and left pyeloureteroplasty. No operative failure was otherwise observed, except for a transient anastomotic obstruction in two cases. Treatment of pelvi-ureteric obstruction in the first 6 months is a serious undertaking and should be restricted to experienced centres with facilities for intensive neonatal care, even for dialysis. PMID- 3898645 TI - [A muscle and vascular oriented relaxation program for the treatment of chronic migraine patients. A randomized clinical comparative study]. AB - The study compares in a randomized clinical control-group design with a waiting list-and acupuncture therapy control-group the short term (three months) effectiveness of a newly developed psychological biobehavioral treatment program in 30 chronic migraine patients. The results show a significant reduction of vascular and tension related headache-frequency and intensity (primary outcome criteria) in both the acupuncture and psychological treatment condition. The waiting list control-group remained almost unchanged over the whole observation period. The improvement in both treatment conditions remained stable throughout the post therapy period to the three months follow-up, but only the psychological treatment condition revealed a highly significant reduction in the use of all kinds of medication in comparison to the pre-treatment period. Single case analyses showed a slight superiority of the psychological treatment condition over the acupuncture therapy due to a more generalized improvement in all secondary outcome variables (psychological restrictions in every day life, medication, duration of headache). The effect of specific components of the psychological treatment program are examined and possible general implication for a treatment of severely disturbed chronic migraine patients are discussed. PMID- 3898646 TI - [Increase in transplant volume--a prognostic sign of threatened kidney rupture?]. AB - In 58 patients the volume of the kidneys was established by continuous sonographies of the grafts during the first 25 days after operation. In non rejecting patients it increased on average by 20%, in rejecting and rupturing patients by 35%. The transplants with rupture of the parenchyma revealed the greatest increase to the volume maximum per time unit. The sonography is a suitable screening method for the purpose of rejection diagnostics and can give prognostic statements concerning the threatening rupture of the parenchyma. Rapid increase of the volume, proof of an obstruction of the micturition and constantly high blood pressure levels indicate a threatening rupture of the transplant. PMID- 3898647 TI - [Diagnosis of urinary bladder cancer by transurethral sonography]. AB - With 66.5% the total reliability of the transurethral sonography is significantly higher than that of all methods hitherto used. If one restricts oneself to the differentiation between muscle-invasive and superficial carcinomas the share of impacts is even 77.5%. Considering an error of nevertheless 33% and 23%, respectively, in the T-classification of the carcinoma of the urinary bladder the new method could, however, not fulfil the high expectations which were set into it at the beginning. Particularly a differentiation between mucosa and lamina propria as well as superficial and deep musculature is not possible. According to this the transurethral sonography is not suited as the only method for preoperative T-classification and basis of therapy planning. Difficulties appear above all in large and echo-dense carcinomas, respectively, as well as in pretreated urinary bladders. Consequently, a sufficient experience in the judgment of sonogrammes is necessary, in order to avoid wrong interpretations as to a tumor infiltration. Nevertheless, the transurethral sonography is an essential enlargement of the hitherto scanty spectre of the T-classification of the carcinoma of the urinary bladder. Supplementing the computer tomogram, the method brings the operator a quick survey of a possible infiltration of the wall of the bladder and a perivesical growth of the tumour. In deeply infiltrating, not radically resectable carcinomas in many cases an extensive staging-TUR may thus be avoided. PMID- 3898648 TI - [Toe transfer]. AB - Today toe-to-hand transfer by micro-anastomoses is one of the most important methods in reconstructing severely injured hands. An experienced surgeon will obtain a survival rate of the transplant in about 94 to 96% of cases. All measures required can be performed by only one operation. The free toe-to-hand transfer guarantees the best functional and aesthetic results so far known. PMID- 3898649 TI - [Microsurgical reconstruction of the brachial plexus]. AB - From 1975 till today we observed 170 injuries of the brachial plexus, mostly following motorcycle accidents (n = 146). Many of the injured were of young, age (15 to 25 years) and suffered from polytraumatism. 129 patients underwent microsurgical repair of the nerve lesion. Two years after surgery 96 had a follow up: 27 very good, 33 satisfying and 28 bad = without functional success. PMID- 3898650 TI - [History of surgery at Berlin University]. AB - The author reports on the development of the surgical hospitals "Charite" and "Klinikum Ziegelstrasse" in Berlin during the last 260 years. Special attention is given to the merits of their leading surgeons. PMID- 3898651 TI - [Clinical liver transplantation in East Germany]. AB - In the GDR 28 liver transplantations have been performed up to now. The 1 year survival rate amounts to 30%. At present 8 patients are alive between 3 months and 5 years. There were no biliary complications since the biliary reconstruction was performed by using a special 'mucosa suture'-technique. Ischaemic graft failure was a main cause for early postoperative mortality. A better immunosuppressive treatment may help to improve the results of liver transplantation in future. PMID- 3898652 TI - [Significance of antithrombin III in clinical liver transplantations]. AB - The activity of AT III was measured by chromogenous substrates in 18 of 28 patients before, between and after liver transplantation. In half of all cases basic pathological activities could be observed. During transplantation, AT III is on an average decreased to 43% of the initial level. Examples are demonstrated for important AT III deficiencies after liver transplantation in man. Long-time examinations have shown AT III to be in the normal range or higher in 1 to 60 months after transplantation when the graft function is correct. PMID- 3898653 TI - [Breast reconstruction following radical mastectomy with myocutaneous latissimus dorsi flap]. AB - Reconstruction of the female breast following radical mastectomy is bond to some criteria of cancer. Various methods are possible. At present the best method is the amplification of the skin cover by a latissimus-dorsi-myocutaneous flap in combination with augmentation by prosthesis. The other breast is adapted to size and level of the reconstructed breast. A quarter to half a year later the latter will be completed by substitution of the areola. This not too difficult surgical procedure yields good results and relieves the women from the psychical burden of being mutilated. PMID- 3898654 TI - [Plastic surgery measures in the areola-mamilla area of the breast]. PMID- 3898655 TI - [Differential diagnosis of uterus myomatosus in young patients]. AB - Fibromyoma uteri in teenagers are rare findings. The case of a nineteen-years-old woman with fibromyoma uteri is presented. The diagnostic management and the operative treatment are discussed. PMID- 3898656 TI - [Sonographic observations and difficulties in the differential diagnosis of an abdominal tumor in pregnancy]. AB - Report about a big tumor in pregnancy showing solid and cystic parts by ultrasound. Primary it was described in the 23. gestational week laying above the umbilicus. During pregnancy it became smaller and changed its position. It was diagnosed as ovarian tumor. Operation 6 weeks after childbirth resulted a stuck myoma with regressive changes. The differentialdiagnostic difficulties and the therapeutical occurances are discussed. PMID- 3898657 TI - [Incidence of spina bifida occulta in relatives of children with myelodysplasia. Indications for high-risk screening]. AB - Consanguineous relatives (parents, siblings) of patients with myelodysplasia show an increased incidence of spina bifida occulta compared to a normal population. According to this and considering the obvious familiarity of neural tube defects, in all cases of a spina bifida occulta known in relatives a high-risk-screening (AFP, B-scan ultrasound) should be performed during early pregnancy. Patients with a spina bifida occulta should be informed about their anomaly and in case of pregnancy instruct the obstetrician to provide a careful screening examination. PMID- 3898658 TI - [Active and passive immune therapy of surgical Proteus infection]. PMID- 3898659 TI - [Soviet dried nutrient media and the outlook for their development]. PMID- 3898660 TI - [Epidemic control support for the troops in World War II]. PMID- 3898661 TI - [Use of the phenol fraction of Brucella for isolating a specific serum against Yersinia enterocolitica serovar O9]. AB - A phenol fraction, capable of adsorbing cross-reacting antibodies from Y. enterocolitica O9 antiserum without affecting its serological activity against specific antigens, has been obtained from a Brucella strain. The physicochemical and antigenic characteristics of the preparation are presented. It is recommended that the proposed method be tested in differentiation of intestinal yersiniosis caused by Y. enterocolitica O9 from Brucella infection. This work has resulted in obtaining highly specific antiserum to Y. enterocolitica, serovar O9. PMID- 3898662 TI - [Possibilities of enhancing the sensitivity of the coagglutination reaction]. AB - The influence of heating Shigella suspension at 60 degrees C (for 3 minutes) and 100 degrees C (for 30 minutes), as well as adding extraneous microorganisms (Escherichia coli, Proteus) and homologous antibodies to these suspensions, on the sensitivity of the coagglutination test has been studied. The possibility of enhancing the sensitivity of this test 10 to 100 times by heating Shigella suspensions at 100 degrees C for 30 minutes has been shown. PMID- 3898663 TI - [Regulating role of the B-lymphocytes in lymphocyte interaction with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells]. AB - The preparative separation of lymph-node cells according to their charge and the study of the activity of each fraction have revealed that B-lymphocytes in the lymph nodes of mice have a regulating function in the phenomenon of the inactivation of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells. The analysis of the dependence of effects, obtained in various experiments, on the ratio of B lymphocytes and hematopoietic stem cells indicates that stem cells serve as targets for B-lymphocytes and the most probable mechanism of the above-mentioned effects is the direct interaction of the cells, one regulatory B-lymphocyte being capable of interacting with one target cell. Depending on the ratio of B lymphocytes and stem cells, the inactivating effect may be either suppressed (the suppressor activity of B-lymphocytes) or enhanced (the helper activity of B lymphocytes). The quantitative characteristics of the regulating activity of B lymphocytes have been introduced. PMID- 3898664 TI - [Production of a factor inhibiting macrophage migration to the Candida albicans antigen in mice and their resistance to this microorganism]. AB - Resistance to C. albicans, an opportunistic microorganism, has been studied in CBA and C57BL/6 mice, oppositely responsive in the production of the factor inhibiting migration of macrophages to antigen obtained from this fungus. The study has shown that CBA mice, highly responsive in the macrophage migration inhibiting factor, are less resistant to C. albicans, while C57BL/6 mice with low response to this antigen are more resistant to this infective agent. Macrophages play, probably, a certain role in the generalization of the process because not all phagocytized C. albicans cells are digested. PMID- 3898665 TI - [Forms and methods of epidemic control work during the war years and their importance under today's conditions]. PMID- 3898666 TI - [Further comment on sapronoses]. PMID- 3898667 TI - [Serological diagnosis of typhoid infection]. PMID- 3898668 TI - [Determination of the structural integrity of DNA from pathogenic enterobacteria]. AB - Among the enterobacterial strains under study, more organisms in the stationary phase of growth have been found to have nicks in their DNA than those in the exponential phase. Bacteria less sensitive to ultraviolet irradiation have the least number of nicks in each phase of growth. The number of nicks in different strains belonging to the serovar is sufficiently stable. Virulent and avirulent forms show no difference in this characteristic. PMID- 3898669 TI - [Trial of different nutrient media for the production of an intracellular thermolabile enterotoxin by Escherichia coli strains H74-114 and 86]. AB - The conditions of cultivation, ensuring the maximum accumulation of intracellular thermolabile enterotoxin in the cultures of two E. coli strains of different origin, have been studied. Culture media manufactured in the USSR have been selected and the conditions of cultivation, necessary for obtaining intracellular thermolabile enterotoxin in preparative amounts, have been established. Under these conditions the yield of thermolabile enterotoxin in 1.4 mg per 1 liter of culture medium for strain H74-114 and 1.0 mg per 1 liter of culture medium for strain 86. PMID- 3898670 TI - [Epidemiological trial of the prophylactic effectiveness of the interferon inducer dipyridamole with respect to influenza and acute respiratory diseases]. AB - The epidemiological effectiveness of dipyridamol, an interferon-inducing agent used for the prevention of influenza and viral acute respiratory diseases, was tested in 4 epidemiological trials, 3 of them carried out as double blind trials. Observations were made in groups of adults (a research institute, a factory) and children (a kindergarten, a school), comprising 1040 subjects in the test groups and 771 subjects in the control groups. The drug was used during the whole epidemic period (January--March 1983) according to the following schedule: 1 oral administration in 8 days, in doses of 8 mg for adults, 50 mg for schoolchildren and 24 mg for children in the kindergarten. The epidemiological effectiveness of the drug was evaluated by comparing the total morbidity rates in influenza and acute respiratory diseases in the test and control groups. The results of 4 trials showed a pronounced epidemiological effectiveness of dipyridamol. The values of the epidemiological effectiveness index of the drug were 2.38 in the kindergarten, 1.55 at the school, 7.42 at the factory and 2.16 at the research institute. The results of the study of dipyridamol suggest that further investigations should be made with a view to use it for the mass prevention of influenza and acute respiratory diseases. PMID- 3898671 TI - [Production of tetanolysin preparations and characteristics of their properties]. AB - As the result of the study of tetanolysin-producing Clostridium tetani strains, their populations have been found to be markedly heterogeneous with respect to the hemolytic activity of clone cultures. On the basis of normal and dialyzed cultures of selected variants with maximum activity the preparations of tetanolysin have been obtained, and their hemolytic activity and antigenic properties have been studied. Antihemolytic rabbit sera have also been obtained and characterized. Partially purified preparations of tetanolysin with high hemolytic activity have been obtained by the fractionation of C. tetani dialyzed cultures with ammonium sulfate. PMID- 3898672 TI - [Reactogenicity and antigenic activity of a chromatographic cultured purified and concentrated inactivated dried vaccine against tick-borne encephalitis]. AB - The study of the characteristics of a new dried tissue-culture purified concentrated inactivated vaccine against tick-borne encephalitis, manufactured in the USSR, has revealed that the preparation is moderately reactogenic and produces no definite side effects in the vaccinees. In the process of the controlled epidemiological trial the optimum vaccination schedule for the primary immunization of adults against tick-borne encephalitis with the new preparation has been determined by the study of serum samples from the vaccinees in the hemagglutination inhibition test and the neutralization test in tissue culture. In accordance with this vaccination schedule the course of primary immunization with the chromatographic variant of the concentrated vaccine consists of two injections in a dose of 0.5 ml, made at an interval of 6 months. PMID- 3898673 TI - [Results of the comparative use of virological and bacteriological control of routine disinfection in maternity homes]. AB - Bacterial viruses were often detected in washings from different environmental objects; not infrequently, the inoculation of washings from the same objects resulted in the growth of Escherichia coli. The expediency of making parallel tests of washings from these objects for the presence of wild strains of bacterial and viral cultures both during the control of disinfection measures and the determination of the effectiveness of disinfection agents is shown. PMID- 3898674 TI - [Structural characteristics of the remote interaction of Shigella and Salmonella with enterocytes of experimental animals]. AB - The electron-microscopic analysis of the adhesion of Shigella and Salmonella nonfimbriated strains to the surface of enterocytes of laboratory animals in vivo and in vitro has revealed the presence of structural links, whose formation occurs with the participation of the glycocalix of the interacting cells and the extracellular gel. PMID- 3898675 TI - [Characteristics of the immunological reactivity of the body in the streptococcal carrier state]. AB - The use of the discrete dynamic method for the treatment of data obtained in the survey of streptococcus carriers has made it possible to find out that their immune status is determined not so much by the quantitative changes in the results of individual immunological tests (for the bactericidal activity of the blood serum, lysozyme, IgG, IgM, IgA and the phagocytic activity of neutrophils), but, to a greater extent, by the interrelations of these characteristics. Significant differences in the interrelations of various humoral characteristics and in their relationship to the phagocytic process have been detected in the group of carriers as compared with the control group. PMID- 3898676 TI - [The WHO program for controlling diarrheic diseases: its status and developmental outlook--the organizational and operative components of the program]. PMID- 3898677 TI - [Immunochemical determination of neurospecific beta 2-globulin in cerebrospinal fluid in mental disorders]. AB - Immunochemical identification of neurospecific beta 2-globulin (N beta G) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of mentally healthy subjects and mental patients showed its immunochemical identity in both group. A comparative immunochemical analysis revealed considerable differences in N beta G levels in the CSF in patients with neuropsychic diseases as compared with the control group. The content of N beta G was found to vary in different psychopathological syndromes. It is suggested that variations in N beta G levels in the CSF may be related to psychomotor activity. PMID- 3898678 TI - [Genetic analysis of antithymocyte activity in schizophrenia]. AB - Immunologic changes in schizophrenic psychoses were examined by different methods of genetic analysis. The cytotoxic test and the method of fluorescent antibodies showed an increase in the antithymocytic activity (ATA) of the blood serum. A high index of the coefficient of a genetic correlation between elevated blood levels of ATA and the genetic component of liability to the disease indicates that genetic factors partially involved in the general structure of hereditary predisposition to schizophrenic psychoses participate in the determination of interindividual differences with regard to blood ATA levels. The data obtained suggest that the observed antithymocytic activity of the blood serum was due to at least 2 types of antibodies with different affinity to thymocytes. PMID- 3898679 TI - [Scanning electron microscopy in studies of the nervous system (review)]. PMID- 3898680 TI - [Possibilities and limitations of the stereology of synapses]. PMID- 3898681 TI - [Advances in organization and treatment of combined injuries of the frontal sinuses and brain during World War II]. PMID- 3898683 TI - Antoni Dmochowski 1896-1983. PMID- 3898682 TI - Extracellular proteinases of the isolate of Botrytis cinerea virulent to apple tissues. AB - B. cinerea produces extracellular acid proteinases: aspartic proteinase and carboxypeptidase, separable on CM-Sepharose CL-6B. Aspartic proteinase showed the maximum activity at pH 2.5-3.0, was inactivated by diazoacetyl-DL-norleucine methyl ester and was unable to hydrolyse carbobenzoxy Glu-Tyr. Carboxypeptidase showed the maximum activity at pH 4.7-5.0, was inactivated by diisopropyl fluorophosphate, and carbobenzoxy-Glu-Tyr served as an efficient enzyme substrate. The isolated aspartic proteinase hydrolysed proteins in the preparations of apple cell walls. Excretion of aspartic proteinase by B. cinerea preceded that of carboxypeptidase. PMID- 3898684 TI - Auto-alloplastics closure of cervical esophageal fistulae. AB - The authors performed auto-alloplastic replacement with flap through a round incision, 20 to 22 in mm diameter, to elaborate a suitable method for closing the fistulae which may from during cervical esophageal operations. Of the animals three died due to other causes, the others could be evaluated, and, although the operated esophagus had not been relieved from inner pressure, after 24 hours the animals were capable of drinking, later eating. The auto-alloplastic flap was followed up by histological examination for six months. PMID- 3898685 TI - 'Nipple' ureterocutaneostomy. AB - In 4 years the authors performed 25 cases of 'nipple' ureterocutaneostomy elaborated by them. The essence of the operation is that by using skin grafts, the stoma emerges by 1.0 to 1.5 cm above the surface of the skin. Without ureteral drainage, their patients use disposable DANSAC ileostomic urine collecting sacs which can be attached to the skin. This method is presented in detail and the results are evaluated. In case of an adequately long and wide ureter, they consider their surgical procedure to be suitable for permanent supravesical urine excretion. PMID- 3898686 TI - The history of free skin transplant operations. PMID- 3898687 TI - The history of mammaplasty. PMID- 3898688 TI - The distribution of immunoreactive corticotrophin-releasing factor in the human pituitary stalk. AB - An immunohistochemical investigation into the distribution of immunoreactive corticotrophin-releasing factor (IR-CRF) in the adult human pituitary stalk was carried out. Histological sections of six pituitary stalks were stained by an indirect immunoperoxidase technique, using a specific primary antiserum raised against synthetic ovine CRF. It was shown that IR-CRF is present surrounding the coiled capillaries of certain gomitoli bodies. These structures form the primary capillary beds of the portal system of blood flow supplying the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. An investigation was made into the characteristics of the cellular elements of gomitoli bodies, as little is known of these structures. Immunocytochemical methods for epithelial cells (anticytokeratin and anti epithelial membrane antigen), endothelial cells (factor VIII related antigen), glial cells (glial fibrillary acid protein and S100 protein) and neuroendocrine cells (neuron specific enolase) were employed, but none were positive. PMID- 3898689 TI - Aminoglutethimide and metyrapone in the management of Cushing's syndrome. AB - Fifteen patients with endogenous Cushing's syndrome were treated with metyrapone and/or amino-glutethimide. The duration of the therapy varied from 19 up to 365 days. In patients with Cushing's disease, metyrapone (0.5-2.5 g/day) and aminoglutethimide (0.5-1.5 g/day) seemed equally effective in reducing the cortisol excretion (54 +/- 9 vs 40 +/- 7%). The majority of these patients also showed a clinical improvement. In 1 patient with adrenal adenoma, metyrapone induced a remission. In another patient with adrenocortical cancer, and in 2 with the ectopic ACTH syndrome, the cortisol excretion was significantly reduced by the combination of metyrapone and aminoglutethimide but no obvious clinical improvement was observed. Side effects i.e. rash and pruritus attributed to aminoglutethimide was seen in 3 patients which necessitated the omission of treatment in 2. On metyrapone a moderate hypertrichosis was observed in 1 patient. In conclusion both metyrapone and aminoglutethimide were useful as adjunctive therapy in Cushing's syndrome. PMID- 3898690 TI - Serum prolactin levels in women with excessive milk production. Normalization by transitory prolactin inhibition. AB - Serum prolactin levels and milk yield were studied in 27 puerperae with excessive milk production (polygalactia) and compared with 30 normally lactating puerperae. In order to normalize polygalactia, 14 of these women were treated with 2.5 mg bromocriptine per day for 3 days starting on post-partum day 5, 13 women received placebo. Milk flow in polygalactic women started significantly earlier than in puerperae with normal milk yield and developed mean milk volumes of 816 g per day on post-partum day 4. Serum prolactin levels did not differ from levels of puerperae with normal milk yield. There was no correlation between serum prolactin and milk yield. Bromocriptine treatment resulted in a sharp but reversible decline of serum prolactin levels followed by a significant reduction of milk production. Bromocriptine could not be detected in milk specimens, while serum levels showed significant amounts. In placebo treated women prolactin levels and milk yield remained unaffected. These data indicate that serum prolactin concentrations of puerperae with polygalactia are within the normal post-partum range. Short term prolactin suppression by bromocriptine can reduce milk yield, without complete ablactation. PMID- 3898691 TI - Immunocytochemical demonstration of oxytocin in bovine ovarian tissues. AB - The presence of oxytocin in ovarian tissue was examined immunocytochemically. Bovine antral follicles and corpora lutea were fixed with glutaraldehyde, picric acid and acetic acid fixative and immuno-stained by the indirect peroxidase antiperoxidase (PAP) technique. Immunoreactive oxytocin was demonstrated in the granulosa cells of small and large follicles, in the granulosa-lutein cells of the young corpus luteum and in the large luteal cells of the mature corpus luteum. The regressing corpus luteum was not stainable. It is discussed that these findings additionally support the view that oxytocin is actually synthesized in ovarian tissues. PMID- 3898692 TI - Glucagon release and glucose counter-regulation during hypoglycaemia. Modifying effect of the previous glucose level. AB - The importance of a short-term elevation of the ambient glucose level for the release of counter-regulatory hormones and the glucose recovery rate during a subsequent hypoglycaemia was studied in healthy subjects. Hypoglycaemia was induced with insulin infusion after a previous 80 min of euglycaemic (E: 5 mmol/l) or hyperglycaemic (H: 15 mmol/l) glucose clamp. By infusing insulin during the euglycaemic clamp similar levels were reached during both glucose clamps. The same level of hypoglycaemia was reached in both studies (E: 1.5 +/- 0.1, H: 1.5 +/- 0.2 mmol/l) and the insulin levels were also similar both at glucose nadir and during the recovery period. In spite of this, both the mean glucagon levels at nadir at the mean individual maximal increase were significantly lower after the hyperglycaemic clamp (E: 101 +/- 25, H: 54 +/- 7 pg/ml, P less than 0.05). The glucose recovery rate was also significantly impaired following the hyperglycaemic clamp. The results show that a short-term elevation of the ambient glucose level impairs the glucagon release during a subsequent hypoglycaemia. This finding may be of importance for the development of the blunted glucagon release in response to low glucose levels in diabetics. PMID- 3898693 TI - In vitro degradation of angiotensin II (A-II) by human placental subcellular fractions, pregnancy sera and purified placental aminopeptidases. AB - The degradation of angiotensin II (Asp1-Arg2-Val3-Tyr4-Ile5-His6-Pro7-Phe8: A-II) by human placental particulate and soluble fractions, pregnant and non-pregnant sera, and highly purified placental enzymes such as placental leucine aminopeptidase P-LAP (microsomal), retroplacental serum P-LAP (soluble), aminopeptidase A and post-proline endopeptidase, was studied by measuring liberated amino acids by high performance liquid chromatography. Placental particulate and soluble fractions degraded A-II almost completely into single amino acids. The purified P-LAP (microsomal) actively liberated five amino acids from the N-terminal. The placental particulate fraction containing P-LAP (microsomal) also actively liberated these amino acids. The purified aminopeptidase A liberated Asp1 very actively as expected. When the ratio of the velocity of liberation of each amino acid to P-LAP activity measured with leu-p nitroanilide as a substrate was calculated, placental soluble fraction liberated Asp1 very actively, but the liberation rate of Asp1 with the purified P-LAP (soluble) was very low. Therefore it seems that the enzyme in the placental soluble fraction and pregnancy serum responsible for the Asp1 liberation is not P LAP (soluble), but aminopeptidase A. The mixture of purified P-LAP (soluble) and aminopeptidase A showed higher liberation rate of Arg2 and Val3 than that with purified aminopeptidase A alone, demonstrating that once the N-terminal Asp1 was liberated, the P-LAP (soluble) attacks the shorter peptide (angiotension III) very actively. It was concluded that P-LAP (microsomal) together with aminopeptidase A seem to contribute greatly to the degradation of A-II in pregnant women. PMID- 3898694 TI - Serum thymidine activity and insulin-like growth factors in the neonatal period. AB - Growth-promoting activity measured as [3H] thymidine incorporation into lectin activated lymphocytes was determined simultaneously with radioimmunoassayable IGF I and IGF II in cord and capillary blood collected from human neonates 30 min and 24 h after birth. All the parameters studied in cord blood were lower than in normal adults. During the early postnatal period, IGF I decreased and IGF II remained unchanged, but thymidine activity increased above the normal adult level. The differences between the values found in cord blood and in capillary blood collected within the first 1/2 h after birth agree with a production of growth factors by the infant. All these growth factors may play a role in foetal growth, as suggested by their correlation with birth weight. Finally, factors other than IGFs contributing to thymidine activity may play a role in neonatal growth since they are higher in newborns than in adults. PMID- 3898695 TI - Increased triglyceride secretion rate and hyperinsulinaemia in ventromedial hypothalamic lesioned rats in vivo. AB - The present study aimed to measure triglyceride secretion rate (TGSR) into the circulation in ventromedial hypothalamic (VMH) lesioned rats. Average gain of body weight in VMH lesioned rats was 72 +/- 6 g (mean +/- SE, n = 9) in a week; significantly greater than that in controls (6 +/- 2, n = 8, P less than 0.001). TGSR was determined under hexobarbital anaesthesia in fasted rats by measuring the increase in plasma concentration after the triglyceride removal mechanism was blocked by injecting Triton WR-1339. TGSR in VMH lesioned rats was 500 +/- 37 mg/dl of plasma/h; markedly higher than that in controls (239 +/- 12, P less than 0.001). Serum insulin concentration in VMH lesioned rats was 2.26 +/- 0.32 ng/ml; significantly higher than that in controls (0.83 +/- 0.08, P less than 0.001). There was a positive correlation between serum insulin concentration and TGSR in VMH lesioned rats (r = 0.709, P less than 0.05). The increased secretion rate of triglyceride in VMH lesioned rats is discussed in connection with the development of obesity in these rats. PMID- 3898696 TI - Chemotherapeutic agents and future fertility. AB - The recent progress in antiblastic therapy has achieved significant successes in the treatment of tumors, obtaining in some cases a complete recovery and very frequently a remission of the disease for a considerable number of years. Therefore the clinician has to deal with the problem of long term toxicity which always accompanies these therapies. This aspect was once considered as a secondary feature in respect to the severity of prognosis quod vitam of the subjects affected with cancer, while now, with a significant increase of survival, it is preeminent that there be the possibility to offer these patients an acceptable quality of life under both physical and social profiles. The reintroduction of patients affected with cancer or treated ones into their social and familiar functions must take into account many factors which are bound to the degree of physical integrity, to psychological conditioning and problems of resumption of working activity. Under a strictly social profile it is fundamental to have knowledge of troubles and disturbances that may involve the reproductive sphere. PMID- 3898697 TI - [Sonographic findings in autonomous adenoma of the thyroid gland in a goiter endemic region]. AB - Ultrasound scanning was carried out in 84 patients with autonomous nodules and 67 patients with inactive nodules. The echo pattern was correlated to the macro- and microscopic findings as well as to the function of the nodules. The autonomous nodules showed a low echogenicity in 57%, a normal parenchyma-identical echogenicity in 10% and a high echogenicity in 33%. In comparison the echo pattern of the inactive nodules showed low level echoes in 31%, normal in 36% and a high level echoes in 31%. Only one third of the nodules showed a homogeneous echo pattern, one third showed liquid degeneration and one third a mixed echo pattern. There is no correlation between the echo pattern of the autonomous nodules and the metabolic function of the nodules. 65 patients have been operated (37 autonomous and 28 inactive nodules). The macroscopic findings showed bleeding and cysts in most of the echo-poor nodules, also those with homogeneous structures. In the histological findings microfollicular structures were found in both high- and low-echogenicity nodules (18/16%). Macrofollicular changes and mixed forms were found mainly in nodules with parenchyma-identical and high echogenicity (58/48%). Ultrasound is very helpful in the morphological diagnosis of thyroid nodules, but there is no significant correlation to metabolic activity or to microscopic structures of the nodules in the thyroid gland. PMID- 3898698 TI - [Urinary excretion of iodide and incidence of goiter in Styria--studies 20 years after the introduction of compulsory iodinated salt prophylaxis]. AB - 20 years after introduction of iodized salt prophylaxis by law in Austria the iodine supply of 6 to 19 year-old school children in Styria was examined. In this study we compared the goitre incidence and urine iodine excretion in children from regions with low iodine intake (locations Graz and Oberwolz) with those of an area where iodine supply was augmented by drinking local iodine containing mineral water (area of Sicheldorf). A modified ceric ion arsenate method was applied for determining urinary iodine excretion. Both in the city of Graz and the rural locality of Oberwolz there still exists an iodine deficiency, grade I (Urine iodine excretion of 50 and 65 micrograms I/g Cr respectively). The goitre incidence in 6 to 10 year olds in Graz amounted to only 4%, while Oberwolz records 8%. This figure in juveniles was relatively high already with 12% in Graz and 15% in Oberwolz. The age group of 15 to 19 years at the Graz secondary school showed a goitre incidence of 12%. The results of the 6 to 10 year olds in the Sicheldorf area recorded a goitre incidence of 4%. Urinary iodine excretion in Sicheldorf: 132,64 micrograms J/g Kre. PMID- 3898699 TI - [Belgian Society of Anesthesia and Resuscitation. Membership of the Society, 1985]. PMID- 3898700 TI - A combination of oral diazepam and droperidol for premedication. A double blind comparison with diazepam alone. AB - Oral diazepam is commonly used as a premedicant. For a given dose there is considerable between patient variation in clinical effect and plasma levels. The addition of droperidol may improve consistency and contribute antiemesis whilst avoiding the undesirable effects of droperidol alone. Ninety patients undergoing minor gynecological or minor urological surgery were given as an oral premedicant either diazepam (0.185 mg/kg) or one of two combinations of diazepam and droperidol (diazepam, 0.185 mg/kg plus droperidol, 0.09 mg/kg; or diazepam, 0.135 mg/kg plus droperidol, 0.09 mg/kg). There was no significant difference between the groups in altering mean anxiety measurements or improving consistency of action as judged by the number of patients having reduced anxiety measurements. Side effects, including nausea and vomiting, were not significantly different between the three groups. In the doses used there was no practical advantage in adding droperidol to diazepam for oral premedication. PMID- 3898701 TI - Comparative evaluation of ciramadol (WY-15.705), morphine and placebo for treatment of postoperative pain. AB - The efficacy and safety of intramuscular ciramadol to alleviate postoperative pain was compared to morphine in a double-blind placebo controlled study of 100 patients. Postoperative analgesia was assessed using a visual analog scale and two categorical measurements. Two dose levels of ciramadol (30 and 60 mg) were compared to morphine (5 and 10 mg). A valid dose-response curve was obtained for both drugs with no significant deviation from parallelism. Compared to morphine 10 mg, ciramadol 60 mg induced a faster onset of analgesia and showed a longer lasting effect as deduced from the pain intensity difference and pain analog intensity difference time-effect curves (P less than 0.01). All active therapy groups provided better analgesia than the placebo group. The estimated relative analgesic potency of ciramadol to morphine was 0.3 to 1. Some increase in sedation level was seen following therapy in each group with the largest increase in the ciramadol 60 mg group. There was no statistically meaningful among group differences in the adverse experience incidence rates. Postoperative respiratory function showed a significant decrease from the baseline respiration rate in the ciramadol 60 mg group, although respiration rate was notably reduced in each active therapy group more than in the placebo group. Blood pressure was not impaired following ciramadol whereas morphine 10 mg induced a significant decrease in diastolic blood pressure. PMID- 3898702 TI - The pineal body of the dog. AB - A technique is described for finding the pineal body of the dog. The posterior half of the skull is cut a little behind the parietofrontal suture, through the occipital condyles. The cerebral hemispheres and cerebellum are carefully sliced, disclosing the pineal at the frontal edge of the colliculi. Two types of cells are present, those with completely round nuclei, and others with vesicular and variably shaped nuclei. In the histological pattern, ependymal cells were observed on the edges, pinealocytes and glial cells within the gland. PMID- 3898703 TI - Effect of insulin on neonatal and adult adrenal medulla in the rat. AB - The effect of equivalent doses of insulin on the adrenal of both adult and neonatal rats was compared. Glycemia in treated adults dropped to one third of the control, in contrast to the neonatal rat values, which decreased to about one half. After insulin, a large percentage of adult chromaffin cells showed cytoplasmic degranulation and vacuolization. In contrast, a smaller percentage of cytoplasmic changes was seen in the adrenal cells of 4- and 7-day-old rats. In rats of 10 days of age, the percentage of modified cells was similar to the adults. The morphological changes in neonatal medullae were characterized by widening of the perigranular space and enlargement of the endoplasmic reticulum cisternae. No cytoplasmic vacuolization was seen. This response of neonatal rats to insulin may indicate immaturity of the adrenal chromaffin tissue and/or of the centers involved in the mechanism of hypoglycemia-catecholamine release. PMID- 3898704 TI - Epidemiological analysis of Salmonella typhi-murium infections on the basis of laboratory methods. I. Distribution of phage types and biotypes of Salmonella typhi-murium isolated in Hungary in the period 1960 to 1981. AB - Phage and biochemical types were determined of 34 937 Salmonella typhi-murium cultures including 31 708 human strains, 2732 animal strains and 497 strains isolated from water. Phage type 4, not typable strains (nt) and phage type 2b were predominant among the strains of human and animal origin, and nt, 4 and 2b among the strains isolated from water. The most frequent phage types and the nt strains were subdivided by biotyping and additional phages. The incidence of S. typhi-murium var. copenhagen strains was 12.4%, they belonged mainly to phage types 2b and nt. The number of S. typhi-murium isolates of human origin showed a 2-4 year periodical fluctuation between 1960 and 1981. A connection was found between the incidence of the predominant phage types (4, nt, 2b) and the periodical changes in the total number of isolates. Phage type 4, which predominated among the strains of human and animal origin till 1976, was ousted gradually by nt ones. In the period when the change in predominance was observed the number of epidemics decreased and the number of sporadic cases increased. The change in the frequency of phage types took place at the same time when the frequency of phage types changed among the strains isolated from cattle and meat products (4----nt). The increased number of sporadic cases after 1976 refers to infections from cattle and not from poultry. PMID- 3898705 TI - Epidemiological analysis of Salmonella typhi-murium infections on the basis of laboratory methods. II. Resistance to antibiotics and R-plasmid carrier state in Salmonella typhi-murium isolated in Hungary in the period 1974 to 1981. AB - Phage and biochemical typing of Salmonella typhi-murium strains performed in the course of the Salmonella Surveillance Programme were completed with examinations on resistance to antibiotics and R-plasmids. A total of 15 600 strains of human, animal and water origin were tested between 1975 and 1981 and most of the monoresistant strains were found among the animal strains (73.6%-94.9%), while double resistance was the most frequent among the human strains (5.5%-25.5%) and multiresistance occurred in the highest ratio (2.8%-25.6%) among the strains of water origin. Tetracycline resistance was the most frequent in all the three materials. The curves representing the incidence of tetracycline (Tc), chloramphenicol (Cm), streptomycin (Sm), kanamycin (Km) resistance were similar to the curve of multiple resistance and differed from the curve showing the incidence of ampicillin (Ap) resistance. Gentamicin resistance was found only among human strains (in 0.3 and 0.7%), strains resistant to nitrofurantoin and co trimoxazole occurred among strains of human and water origin in low percentages. The most common antibiotic resistance patterns of the multiple resistant strains were Tc, Cm, Sm, Km, Ap, Su; Tc, Sm, Su; Sm, Km, Ap, Su. Multiple resistant strains belonged in the majority to phage type nt (not typable) and 2b. Out of the examined 512 S. typhi-murium strains resistant to antibiotics, the presence of R-plasmid was demonstrated in 408 strains (i.e. 79.7%). The R-plasmids, derived from strains of human, animal and water origin, of phage type nt, biotype 3 (nt/3) isolated in 1979, were characterized according to the resistance determinants, fi-character, incompatibility-group, phage-inhibition and molecular weight. Two kinds of R-plasmids were carried by three human strains (FI and H, FI and alpha). R-plasmids belonging to Inc P and Inc H were carried by one animal strain. Strains isolated from sewage carried R-plasmids of Inc groups H and I alpha. Out of the examined 15 S. typhi-murium strains of phage type 2b, isolated in 1981, the molecular weight for 7 strains was 66 Md and four belonged to Inc I alpha. The R-plasmids derived from 2b/2 strains, isolated in the same county, were identical according to antibiotic resistance determinants, phage inhibition and molecular weight. The molecular weights of R-plasmids derived from 10 strains out of the examined 30 nt strains were also 66 Md and the four examined plasmids belonged also to Inc I alpha.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3898706 TI - Intracapsular pressure in transient synovitis of the hip. AB - Fourteen consecutive children with symptoms of transient synovitis of the hip were examined with sonography regarding intracapsular effusion, with scintimetry regarding blood-flow in the proximal femoral epiphysis (PFE) and with intracapsular pressure recording and aspiration. All patients had an intracapsular effusion. Intracapsular pressure was found to depend on the position of the hip. The mean pressure with hips in extension and inward rotation was 22.6 kPa (170 mm Hg) whereas in 45 degrees of flexion it was 2.3 kPa. In two cases scintimetry demonstrated reduced blood flow to the PFE; after aspiration, isotope uptake returned to normal, indicating that increased intracapsular pressure has a harmful effect on circulation to the PFE. Children with transient synovitis should be treated with the hips in 45 degrees of flexion to reduce intracapsular pressure. Forcing the hip in extension causes a risk of ischaemia of the PFE. PMID- 3898707 TI - Cryopreservation of osteo-chondral grafts in rabbits. AB - To study the cryopreservation of osteoarticular allografts, a lateral femoral condyle of the rabbit was transplanted fresh, after uncontrolled freezing to -80 degrees C with 4 weeks preservation, and after freezing 1 degree C per min to 100 degrees C in 10 per cent dimethylsulphoxide medium with 4-week storage in liquid nitrogen. Autografts were used as controls. After 3 months, the incorporation of the grafted bone was good in all technically successful cases. The NADH2 diaphorase activity and 35S sulphate uptake indicated well-functioning chondrocytes in all autografts. In the allografts, areas lacking enzyme activity and lacking 35S uptake were observed in cartilages with otherwise normally functioning chondrocytes. No differences were found between the three allograft groups. We conclude that freezing permits reasonably good short-term bank preservation of cartilage. We found no difference between conventional freezing and controlled slow freezing with preservative. PMID- 3898708 TI - High-resolution microscopy of the implant-tissue interface. AB - A method is described which permits study of the interface of tissue and bulk implant at the light and electron microscopic level. It is based on epoxy embedding of implant and surrounding tissue with subsequent separation of implant and plastic. The separation takes place at the interface between tissue and implant; neither cells nor matrix are disturbed. PMID- 3898709 TI - Behavioural studies on auditory development in mammals in relation to higher nervous system functioning. AB - The development of hearing measured behaviourally is compared in a quantitative way with studies on the physiological development in the auditory pathway of cats, house mice and humans. The similarity of time constants and of the beginning and end of the developments suggests that behavioural threshold sensitivity measured by unconditioned and conditioned reflexes is determined at or below the midbrain level. PMID- 3898710 TI - Genetic factors affecting hearing development. AB - Both genetic background and single gene mutations may affect the development of the auditory system. A classification system is presented for those single gene mutations causing hearing impairment. The new feature of this classification is the inclusion of a category for hereditary deafness of central origin. The other categories involve peripheral abnormalities and are: morphogenetic defects, in which the overall structure of the labyrinth is deformed; neuroepithelial degeneration, in which the primary defect appears to occur in the organ of Corti; and cochleo-saccular degeneration, where the stria vascularis is abnormal and Reissner's membrane collapses, leading to further degeneration. PMID- 3898711 TI - Non-genetic factors affecting hearing development. PMID- 3898712 TI - Feasibility of prenatal hearing test. AB - Variability in foetal responses to sound stimulations is described and the effect of the different factors involved in this reactivity, in particular the physical characteristics of the stimulus and state of alertness of the foetus, is discussed. Results obtained with a high pass filtered pink noise at a 106, 109 and 113 dB SPL on 37-40 week foetuses are given to illustrate this dependency. For all tested levels, responsiveness was reduced after repetition of the stimulus. This was observed even at 113 dB when stimulation was preceded by a series of lower level stimuli to which foetuses were (or became) unresponsive. Motor responses (lower limb movements) were the first and the most affected by stimulus repetition, followed by cardiac response decrement--but with a lower proportion of non-responses, especially at 113 dB. Consequently, with this specific stimulus, cardiac reactivity seems a more reliable parameter to examine when more than one stimulus is needed to ascertain foetal hearing. It was also demonstrated that foetuses were much less reactive when stimulated during low heart rate variability sequences than during high heart rate variability. Testing of prenatal hearing seems feasible in utero and should be a promising method for detecting gross hearing impairment once the influence of each biophysical parameter has been carefully studied. PMID- 3898713 TI - An immuno-electron microscopic study on intracellular localization of thyroglobulin (TG) in the thyroid gland in Grave's disease. AB - Intracellular localization of thyroglobulin (TG) using a pre-embedding diffusion technique and an indirect localization sequence has been made in human thyroid obtained from 20 patients with treated Grave's disease. Both antibodies, anti human TG-rabbit IgG F(ab')2 and anti-rabbit IgG F(ab')2-goat IgG F(ab')2 fragments easily penetrated the cytoplasm of follicular cells which were dissociated by RPMI-1640 solution containing collagenase, dispase, and deoxyribonuclease. With light microscopic observation of semithin sections positive immuno-reaction for TG was demonstrated as fine granular deposits in the cytoplasm of the dissociated cells. In electron microscopic studies, intracellular antigen was well circumscribed within certain cell organelles in all cases with the positive immuno-reaction for TG being observed in perinuclear space, rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complexes, secretory granules, and reabsorbed colloid droplets. Content of positive immuno-reaction product differed somewhat from one case to another and from one follicle to another even in the same case. There was no immunoreaction product in nuclei, mitochondria, lysosomes, and lipofuscin-like granules. PMID- 3898714 TI - Eosinophilic gastroenteritis. Immunohistochemical evidence for IgE mast cell mediated allergy. AB - A surgical case of a middle-aged Japanese with eosinophilic gastroenteritis is described. This 50-year-old man presented protein-losing gastroenteropathy, iron deficiency anemia, and marked elevation of serum IgE, in whom the lesion formed a diffuse thickening of almost the entire portion of the stomach. Microscopically, there was an intense infiltration of eosinophils throughout the whole thickness of the gastric wall, interspersed with plasma cells and lymphocytes. On the affected area, an increased number of IgE-positive plasma cells and surface IgE positive mast cells, some of which are degranulated, were identified. These immunohistochemical findings provide a strong evidence for IgE mast cell-mediated allergy concerning this disorder. PMID- 3898715 TI - S-100 protein in malignant mesotheliomas. AB - Recently, the presence of S-100 protein has been described in a few tissues that are not of neuro-ectodermal origin. Here we report the presence of S-100 protein in epithelial and biphasic malignant mesotheliomas and one of seven reactively proliferating mesothelial lesions. Sarcomatous malignant mesotheliomas, six of seven reactive mesothelial lesions and normal mesothelium were without S-100 protein. The presence of S-100 protein in mesothelial cells may indicate intense proliferation. PMID- 3898716 TI - A rat model for sepsis in chronic biliary obstruction. AB - The effect of retrograde intrabiliary (RI) injection of E. coli was studied in Sprague-Dawley rats with and without chronic biliary obstruction. The challenge dose of E. coli was standardized by the use of frozen (-80 degrees C) aliquots of bacteria. Injection of 10(2), 10(5) or 10(8) colony-forming units (CFU), respectively, into three groups of 8 normal rats, immediately after occlusion of the common bile duct (CBD), did not kill any of the animals. In contrast, 5 of 8 animals with chronic biliary obstruction died from E. coli sepsis after RI injection of 10(2) bacteria (p less than 0.05). Furthermore, all of 4 obstructed animals died after challenge with 10(5) CFU (p less than 0.01), as compared to the 8 normal rats surviving this dose. Intraperitoneal injection of 10(5) E. coli did not kill any of 6 animals with 3 weeks biliary obstruction. It is concluded that chronic biliary obstruction and RI injection are prerequisites for the occurrence of lethal septicemia in the animals. The model might be suitable for the study of biliary sepsis in chronic biliary obstruction. PMID- 3898717 TI - Interaction of group A type 1 streptococcal M protein with fibrinogen. AB - Adsorption chromatography of streptococcal extracts on immobilized fibrinogen allows isolation of components that are linked to the corresponding receptors. In this study it is shown by an indirect bactericidal test that fibrinogen binds the M proteins of the streptococcal strains used. Phage-associated lysin extracts of group A type 1 streptococci precipitated with fibrinogen in a double-diffusion test. Fibrinogen reactive components of other streptococcal types inhibited this precipitation reaction. This suggests that the fibrinogen receptors in different types of group A streptococci have identical activity. The interaction between M protein and fibrinogen does not interfere with the interaction between M protein and the corresponding type specific antibodies. The streptococcal antigen components isolated by immobilized fibrinogen showed mitogenic activity in a lymphocyte transformation test. PMID- 3898718 TI - The susceptibility of Plasmodium falciparum in vitro to chlorpromazine and the stereo-isomeric compounds cis(Z)- and trans(E)-clopenthixol. AB - New antimalaria drugs are needed on the background of increasing resistance to chloroquine. This study was undertaken to elucidate whether other membrane stabilizers than chloroquine have anti-malarial activity in vitro. We here report the anti-plasmodial activity of chlorpromazine (CPZ) and the stereo-isomeric compounds cis(Z)- and trans(E)-clopenthixol. As a screening method we used a modified Desjardins' 3H-hypoxanthine assay. The IC50 = 50% inhibition of 3H hypoxanthine uptake was found at 1.028 ng/ml = 3.2 microM CPZ, 758 ng/ml = 1.6 microM trans(E)-clopenthixol and 436 ng/ml = 0.9 microM cis(Z)-clopenthixol. The inhibitory effect of trans(E)-clopenthixol in these low concentrations on Plasmodium falciparum in vitro seems particularly promising, since it is known that trans(E)-clopenthixol has no neuroleptic effect. PMID- 3898719 TI - Fatal outcome of splenectomy in rats with experimental biliary infection. AB - The effect of splenectomy in normal rats receiving retrograde intrabiliary (RI) or intravenous (IV) injection of 10(5) Escherichia coli was studied. IV injection of the bacteria did not cause any deaths, independent of whether simultaneous ligation of the common bile duct was performed or not. In contrast, RI injection immediately after splenectomy resulted in the death of 9/12 animals although only 1/12 RI-injected rats with intact spleens died (p less than 0.005). The findings might have implications for the performance of splenectomy in patients with combined hepato-biliary diseases. PMID- 3898720 TI - Further evidence of the development of delayed-type autoimmunity against arterial vessel-wall antigens following acute hypertensive damage to arterial vessels in rats. AB - Acute hypertensive damage to arterial vessels was induced by intravenous injections of hypertension. The in vitro immunological method of the agarose migration technique was used for demonstration of delayed-type autoimmunity against arterial vessel-wall antigens following the damage of the arterial vessels. By means of this technique it was demonstrated that the migration indices from the rats with induced hypertension differed significantly from the control rats, P less than 0.005. This means that an autoimmunity of the delayed type had developed after the hypertensive damage to the arterial vessels. The autoimmunity was tissue specific. PMID- 3898722 TI - [Studies on analogs of qinghaosu (artean-nuin, artemisinine). III. The synthesis of diacid esters and mono esters of dihydroqinghaosu]. PMID- 3898721 TI - Performance testing of antigen-coated polystyrene microplates for ELISA measurements of serum antibodies to bacterial and dietary antigens. AB - The adsorption of dietary antigens to polystyrene microplates was influenced by pH. Coating for 5 h at 37 degrees C followed by at least 18 h at 4 degrees C gave the best result with the six dietary and nine bacterial antigens tested in this study. Unwanted background activity was mainly caused by direct binding of human immunoglobulin in the second layer. This problem was mainly observed with coats based on antigens with relatively poor binding activity and could be reduced to an acceptable level by addition of 0.5% bovine serum albumin in the diluents. Microplates from various manufacturers showed large differences in antigen adsorbing properties and there were considerable variations among batches. Careful performance testing of microplates and selection of appropriate batches are therefore necessary. PMID- 3898723 TI - Effect of constant light and darkness on the circadian rhythms in rats. II. Plasma renin activity and insulin concentration. AB - Plasma renin activity (PRA), immunoreactive insulin level (IRI), plasma sodium osmolality, and hematocrit were studied in rats decapitated at 08, 16 and 24 h. The animals were subjected either to normal 12/12 h light/dark (LD) cycle, or to constant light (LL) or darkness (DD). Under LD PRA and hematocrit were maximal at 16 h, IRI--at 08 and 24 h, and plasma osmolality--at 08 h. Plasma sodium was devoid of diurnal variations. After 16 days of LL all circadian rhythms studied were eliminated. After 16 days of DD the circadian rhythms of IRI, plasma osmolality and hematocrit were eliminated, while PRA shifted its maximum at 24 h. We concluded that LD cycle is a potent external synchronizer of the circadian rhythms of PRA and IRI in rats. The PRA circadian rhythm is not dependent on diurnal variations in body hydration. PMID- 3898724 TI - Plasma renin activity in rats with renal denervation and adrenoreceptor blockers. AB - Plasma renin activity (PRA) was investigated by radioimmunoassay following short term hypoxic hypoxia (45 min 10 per cent oxygen, 90 per cent nitrogen) or hypovolaemia induced by peritoneal dialysis with isotonic (305 mmol/l) glucose. The effect of the above stimuli was also followed in animals with chronic bilateral kidney denervation, beta-adrenoreceptor blockade with dl-propranolol (3 mg/kg body weight i. p.) and alpha-adrenoreceptor blockade with phentolamine (1.5 mg/kg body weight i. p.). Blood was taken by cardiac puncture ten minutes after Nembutal anaesthesia. It was found that: a) kidney denervation and beta adrenoreceptor blockade suppressed PRA. b) Short-term general hypoxia activated renin secretion by a reflex mechanism involving the renal nerves and the beta adrenergic receptors. c) The administration of phentolamine potentiated the effect of hypoxia in respect of PRA. d) Hypovolaemia elevated PRA via a possible intra renal mechanism independent from the beta-adrenoreceptors. PMID- 3898725 TI - Citalopram versus mianserin. A controlled, double-blind trial in depressed patients. AB - In a double-blind trial, comprising 60 endogenously depressed patients, citalopram was compared with mianserin. Fifty-eight patients completed the 6-week trial period with ratings and side effect recordings at weeks 0, 1, 2, 4, and 6. Both drugs were administered as a single evening dose, 20-80 mg (most frequently 40 mg) for citalopram and 60-120 mg (most frequently 90 mg) for mianserin. CPRS (Subscale for Depression) total scores showed a highly significant reduction in both groups with a significant difference in favour of citalopram after 1 and 2 weeks. Based on the Global Evaluation of the Severity of Illness there were 18 complete and three partial responders on citalopram and 13 complete and four partial responders on mianserin. Six patients on citalopram and one patient on mianserin showed mild or moderate side effects, but no cardiovascular side effects were recorded. The authors conclude that citalopram is a safe antidepressant drug, presumably better than mianserin. PMID- 3898726 TI - Human brain homeothermy during sleep and wakefulness: an experimental and comparative approach. AB - To date human brain temperature has not been measured exactly. Limited published data indicate it to be about 37.5 degrees centigrade, which surprisingly is 1.O degrees centigrade lower compared with placental mammals larger than the rat. Although the human brain is only 2 percent of body mass, it accounts for 20 percent of basal metabolism. Therefore, the removal of excess heat produced inside the brain is the main problem for its temperature regulation. The brain arterial blood temperature difference in humans is probably twice that of larger mammals - 0.5 degrees centigrade. These two temperature factors play a crucial role for human brain homeothermy, particularly during motionless quiet waking and sleep. Low ambient temperature causes sleep deprivation. Moderate ambient heat allows sleep with negligible disturbances, and in humans induces sweating on the face and on the hairy (or bald) skin of the head. In passive hyperthermy human brain homeothermy depends on: (i) sweat evaporation from the skin surface of the face and whole head with face skin vasodilation, and (ii) enhanced venous return from the skin to the sinus cavernosus. This sinus is situated ventrally to the hypothalamus. Tympanic temperature reflects brain temperature fluctuations in humans. PMID- 3898728 TI - [Remembrance of a tragic urologic incident occurring in Barcelona in 1913]. PMID- 3898727 TI - Analgesic levels and technical method in stereotactic pontine spinothalamic tractotomy. AB - Stereotactic pontine spinothalamic tractotomy was performed on eight patients with severe pain due to malignancy. The procedure enables high levels of analgesia to be obtained with less risk of respiratory and micturition disorders than percutaneous or open cordotomy. PMID- 3898729 TI - [Closed total cystectomy in renal hydatidosis for my fellow urologists of future generations]. PMID- 3898730 TI - [Previous considerations on chronic interstitial nephropathies]. PMID- 3898731 TI - [Urology in the 20th century (memories and commentaries)]. PMID- 3898732 TI - [Reflections of a president]. PMID- 3898733 TI - [Urinary endoscopy]. PMID- 3898734 TI - [Anatomists and urologists]. PMID- 3898735 TI - [My first congress]. PMID- 3898737 TI - Human cancer-associated antigens: present status and implications for immunodiagnosis. PMID- 3898736 TI - [Low-grade and low-stage transitional carcinoma of the bladder. Review]. PMID- 3898738 TI - The mechanism of action of mAMSA. PMID- 3898739 TI - Genetic suppression of tumor formation. PMID- 3898740 TI - The nude mouse in cancer research. PMID- 3898741 TI - Immobilization of enzymes: an approach to fundamental studies in biochemistry. PMID- 3898742 TI - The isoenzymes of glutathione transferase. PMID- 3898743 TI - The cellular pathobiology of atherosclerosis in 1983. AB - Atherosclerosis is a dynamic process in which a number of stimuli to arterial lipid deposition, cell proliferation and cell death, and the synthesis of fiber and matrix proteins by modulated smooth muscle cells are the major factors which can vary to control to process. The circulating levels and interaction of lipoproteins, the integrity of the endothelium, the heart rate and the height of the blood pressure and many incompletely understood arterial wall factors all appear to affect these components. Although there are many unanswered questions, it is clear that immense progress has been made in the past 25 years in developing a reasonable understanding of the cellular pathobiology of the atherosclerotic process. The momentum of this progress is such as to project a very promising future in which the molecular pathology of atherogenesis will be understood well enough to permit prevention, retardation and more effective regression of the dangerous advanced plaque. PMID- 3898744 TI - Noninvasive assessment of atherosclerosis in nonhuman primates. AB - Atherosclerosis is a progressive and degenerative disease of the artery wall which begins relatively early in life, years if not decades prior to the onset of clinical signs and symptoms. One of the major challenges which face investigators in this field of research is to establish the validity and reliability of noninvasive methods which can detect atherosclerotic plaques before they become severe enough to result in tissue ischemia, and to determine whether or not atherosclerotic lesions can be monitored both in terms of rate and direction over time. Although several methods of direct arterial visualization are available currently, high-resolution B-mode ultrasound imaging appears to have the most advantages. This technique is noninvasive, relatively inexpensive, and can visualize not only lumen contour and configuration, but also the atherosclerotic plaque in the underlying wall. Preliminary experiments in animal models suggest that lesions as small as 0.5 mm in the carotid arteries can be detected using this method. Whether or not atherosclerotic plaques can be monitored over time, however, has not been demonstrated. PMID- 3898745 TI - Noninvasive assessment of atherosclerosis: studies in man. PMID- 3898746 TI - Noninvasive atherosclerosis assessment for controlled clinical trials. AB - Non-invasive imaging used in controlled clinical trials should be able to detect an average 1.5 to 3 percent change in atherosclerosis growth rate per year. This can now be achieved by selective arterial angiography, an invasive procedure. IV digital subtraction angiography and B-mode ultrasound imaging are the two most promising non-invasive procedures for early application in clinical trials. In carotid artery, the resolution of fine details of lesions by IV angiography is approximately one-half that of selective angiography. The resolving power of ultrasound images depends greatly on frequency of the ultrasound beam and is greatest along the axis of the beam which is perpendicular to the vessel. Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging and computerized axial tomography with enhanced tissue contrast show potentially useful images of coronary artery bypass grafts. Whatever imaging procedure is selected, a major emphasis in trial design should be to produce a large difference in atherosclerosis change rate between test and control groups. A potential advantage of small-scale clinical trials that measure atherosclerosis change is that large reductions in plasma lipid level are possible. PMID- 3898747 TI - Strategy, yield and risks of controlling plasma lipids in the primary prevention of coronary heart disease. PMID- 3898749 TI - Management of adherence to prescribed medication. AB - Nonadherence is a major problem for long-term use of drugs affecting lipid metabolism. Effective programs for comprehensive management of adherence are available. Their administration and operation can be readily integrated within the usual operations of both large and small clinical trials. The programs are subject to quality control and, hence, can be administered effectively. The cost of a comprehensive adherence program is approximately 10% of the conventional cost of clinical trials, varies according to the nature and number of adherence tests, and is probably totally recovered through resultant economies. All of the elements of the adherence program can be adapted to private practice. The relative risks of nonadherence to drugs affecting lipid metabolism are estimated from analyses of four regimen characteristics. PMID- 3898748 TI - Risk factors for the development of premature cardiovascular disease. AB - The elucidation of the major risk factors for the development of premature atherosclerosis including plasma cholesterol, hypertension, and smoking has permitted the institution of specific therapy to reduce the risk of vascular disease. The further elucidation of LDL and HDL as positive and negative risk factors, respectively, has provided additional insights into the role of lipoproteins in cholesterol transport and atherosclerosis. Analysis of plasma apolipoproteins suggests that they may be even more effective than lipoproteins as predictors of premature vascular disease. The results of the Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial clearly established the effectiveness of decreasing coronary risk by the reduction of LDL cholesterol in hyperlipidemic subjects. Aggressive diet and drug treatment of patients with elevated plasma levels of LDL would be anticipated to have a major impact on the development and/or progression of premature vascular disease. The implications of reduced levels of HDL on clinical practice is less certain. At present there is no evidence that interventions that change HDL levels will influence the development of vascular disease. In addition, the role of triglycerides and triglyceride-rich lipoproteins as potential risk factors for the development of premature atherosclerosis has not been firmly established. Additional epidemiological studies as well as basic research will undoubtedly provide the answers to these important unresolved questions. PMID- 3898750 TI - Studies of human natural killer cytotoxic factor (NKCF): characterization and analysis of its mode of action. AB - Soluble natural killer cytotoxic factors (NKCF) have been detected in the supernatant of normal mouse, rat, and human lymphocytes stimulated in vitro for 1 to 3 days in serum-free medium. Stimulation of large granular lymphocytes (LGL) with NK-sensitive targets or mitogens has resulted in high levels of NKCF production. Previous studies in the mouse and human systems have analyzed the cells responsible for production, specificity, and general characteristics of NKCF. In the present study, using human NKCF as a model for cytolysis by LGL, we have analyzed a variety of agents previously demonstrated to inhibit NK activity. These have included: (i) phosphorylated sugars; (ii) protease inhibitors; (iii) antibodies to rat LGL granules; (iv) Ca++, and Mg++; (v) lipomodulin; (vi) nucleotides; (vii) prostaglandins; and (viii) inhibitors of lysosomal enzymes. All inhibitors were tested for their effects on production of NKCF after target cell interaction, binding of NKCF to target cells, and target cell lysis (after 6 hour NKCF absorption and washing of targets). Phosphorylated sugars and antibodies to rat LGL granules were found to inhibit the lysis of targets by NKCF, whereas the other agents tested had no detectable effect (ATP, cyclic AMP, protease inhibitors, prostaglandin E2). In regard to the production of NKCF, the data indicated that (i) the absence of calcium and magnesium, (ii) prostaglandin E2, and (iii) ATP inhibited production, whereas phosphorylated sugars did not. Studies with these types of agents will now enable us to dissect the sites at which these agents function within the lytic process. In addition to the above studies, purification studies were performed using tritiated arginine to label NKCF to begin biochemical characterization of human NKCF. The results indicated that radiolabeled NKCF has an apparent molecular weight between 20,000 and 40,000. This material demonstrated a pattern of binding to target cells which was similar to the pattern of lysis by NKCF. In addition, the binding of this material was competitively inhibited by unlabeled NKCF preparations. Such approaches with radiolabeled NKCF should be useful for the further study of the biochemical characteristics of human NKCF and of its mechanism of action. PMID- 3898751 TI - A serine proteinase as a "trigger" for human natural killer lymphocyte-mediated cytolysis. PMID- 3898752 TI - Lymphocyte function-associated antigens: regulation of lymphocyte adhesions in vitro and immunity in vivo. AB - Antibodies to most cytolytic T lymphocyte (CTL) external membrane antigens have no effect on CTL-mediated killing in the absence of complement. However, antibodies which do inhibit killing have now been identified for 7 distinct molecular sites. Antibodies to 6 of these "lymphocyte function-associated antigens" (LFAs, also called "blocking sites") inhibit when bound to the CTL, and to the 7th, when bound to the target cell. Mouse homologs have been identified for only 4 of the 7 human LFAs. 5 (probably 6) of the blocking sites inhibit by interfering with adhesion formation between the CTL and the target cell; the exception is T3. None of the presently identified blocking sites are believed to be lethal hit structures (CTL "toxin"). Reduction of target cell H-2 alloantigen density by pretreatment with papain reduces CTL-target functional "affinity", and increases susceptibility to inhibition 100-fold for anti-Lyt-2,3 and 10-fold for anti-LFA-1. This is consistent with the hypothesis that Lyt-2,3 aids in recognition of class 1 MHC antigens, perhaps by strengthening intercellular adhesion. On the other hand, LFA-1 appears to function differently. Trypsin pretreatment of target cells has little effect on MHC antigens or CTL-target affinity, yet still increases by 10-fold susceptibility to inhibition by anti-LFA 1. This is seen in both human and mouse CTL systems. These results suggest the existence of a non-MHC target structure which participates in the adhesion strengthening function of LFA-1, and which is trypsin (and papain) sensitive: the "trypsin-sensitive counter blocker" (TSCB). LFA-3 may be the human TSCB. The roles of these LFAs in intercellular adhesion extend to more general cell adhesions. Anti-LFA-1 and anti-LFA-3 weaken the spontaneous adhesions which form between cells of the human B cell line JY. These homotypic adhesions are not initiated by immunologic recognition. Anti-LFA-1 is more potent at prolonging allograft survival in vivo than are anti-Lyt-2,3, anti-T200, anti-Thy-1, or anti I-A. Thus, the potent anti-adhesion properties of LFA-1 seen in vitro may lead to useful immunotherapy in the clinic. PMID- 3898753 TI - Formation of protein channels in target membranes. PMID- 3898754 TI - The function of LFA-1 in cell-mediated killing and adhesion: studies on heritable LFA-1, Mac-1 deficiency and on lymphoid cell self-aggregation. PMID- 3898755 TI - Killing of gram-negative bacteria by neutrophils: role of O2-independent system in intracellular killing and evidence of O2-dependent extracellular killing. AB - For many strains of these two bacterial species, ingested bacteria are efficiently killed by O2-independent mechanisms. Intracellular killing depends not on 2de novo generation of toxic products of the respiratory burst but rather on intracellular delivery to pre-existing cytotoxic proteins. The principal O2- independent bactericidal system toward these bacteria appears to be BPI which rapidly binds to ingested bacteria and whose discrete action closely resembles the initial lesions produced by the intact neutrophil. In addition, at least for one strain of E. coli (S15), extracellular bacteria can be killed in an O2- dependent fashion. PMID- 3898756 TI - The plasma membrane 'skeleton' of tumor and lymphoid cells: a role in cell lysis? PMID- 3898757 TI - Immune cytolysis viewed as a stimulatory process of the target. AB - Humoral and cellular mechanisms of immune cytolysis, as effected by antibody and complement (Ab + C') or by cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL), have traditionally been considered the end result of early but terminal membrane damage, in turn causing colloid-osmotic lysis of the target cell. A comprehensive theory explaining and relating known prelytic cellular events to subsequent membrane damage is lacking, nor is there a specific picture as to the role and mode of action of Ca2+, which appears to be involved in both complement- and cell-mediated cytolysis (C'MC and CMC, respectively). Recent studies are in support of the view that both Ab + C' and CTL induce a comparable series of prelytic events, in the TC, initiated by membrane depolarization, which in turn bring about voltage-dependent Ca2+ influx or its intracellular release. Persistent elevation of cytosolic Ca2+ can induce massive stimulation of cellular ATPases (actomyosin, Ca2+) and cause exhaustive depletion of ATP. Consequently, Na+-pumping is slowed down and colloid-osmotic lysis ensues. Hence, in our view, membrane damage in immune cytolysis is the result rather than the cause of intracellular events culminating in lysis. PMID- 3898758 TI - Cell surface thiols, methylation, and complement-like components are involved in the early events of CML whereas proteases participate in the later, Ca++ dependent events. PMID- 3898759 TI - Expression of beta 2 microglobulin on the surface of mononuclear cells in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and AIDS-related complex (ARC). PMID- 3898760 TI - Identification of some issues and questions to be answered in comparing type I and type II diabetes. PMID- 3898761 TI - Insulin-stimulated glucose disposal in patients with type I (IDDM) and type II (NIDDM) diabetes mellitus. AB - In conclusion, there is considerable data documenting the presence of resistance to insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in patients with either IDDM or NIDDM. However, the characteristics of this metabolic abnormality are quite different in the two syndromes. In the case of IDDM the insulin resistance appears to be secondary to the state of altered carbohydrate homeostasis, is directly proportional to the severity of fasting hyperglycemia, and can be abolished by achievement of metabolic control. As a corollary, it seems reasonable to suggest that resistance to insulin-stimulated glucose uptake is not a primary defect in the pathogenesis of IDDM. Nevertheless, the presence of insulin resistance in the poorly-controlled patient with IDDM may be of great clinical relevance, and contribute to the difficulty in effective treatment of this syndrome. In contrast, resistance to insulin-stimulated glucose uptake does not seem to be a simple function of severity of hyperglycemia in patients with NIDDM, and significant insulin resistance can exist in these patients in association with only mild carbohydrate intolerance. Furthermore, although the decline in insulin stimulated glucose disposal present in patients with significant fasting hyperglycemia can be increased by instituting excellent metabolic control with exogenous insulin, it cannot be restored to normal. These observations suggest that some component of the insulin resistance in NIDDM is similar to that in IDDM, and is secondary to the state of poor metabolic control. On the other hand, it also suggests that another component of the insulin resistance in NIDDM is primary, and most likely related to the pathogenesis of this syndrome. Obviously, there is a great need to define the mechanism of this unexplained portion of the insulin resistance of NIDDM. PMID- 3898762 TI - Pathophysiology of insulin secretion in diabetes mellitus. AB - In normal man, glucose serves to regulate basal insulin secretion by its participation with insulin in a feedback loop. In addition, glucose stimulates insulin secretion directly and potentiates insulin responses to nonglucose stimuli such as amino acids, beta-adrenergic stimuli, and gut hormones. Maximal glycemic potentiation of the acute insulin response to IV arginine occurs at a glucose level of approx. 450 mg/dl. In patients with noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), basal insulin levels have usually been reported as normal, but if plasma glucose is lowered to normal levels, a deficiency of basal insulin becomes apparent. In addition, the first phase (0-10 min) insulin response to IV glucose is absent in virtually all patients with overt NIDDM. In contrast, the second-phase (greater than 10 min) response is often preserved in NIDDM due to its maintenance by ambient hyperglycemia. Similarly, insulin responses to nonglucose stimuli such as arginine often appear normal in NIDDM because of potentiation by hyperglycemia. However, insulin responses to arginine are lower than those of nondiabetic controls when compared at multiple matched glucose levels. Indeed, maximal potentiation by glucose of the insulin response to arginine is markedly subnormal in NIDDM, suggesting a loss of functional B cell secretory capacity. In patients with long-standing insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), basal insulin secretion and insulin responses to all stimuli are virtually absent. However, in a remission phase, or in IDDM of short duration, basal insulin secretion and insulin responses to nonglucose stimuli may be relatively preserved. Therefore, islet dysfunction in IDDM and NIDDM, while etiologically different, share some common pathophysiological features. PMID- 3898763 TI - Insulin resistance in non-insulin dependent (type II) and insulin dependent (type I) diabetes mellitus. AB - Insulin resistance is a characteristic feature of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) due to target tissue defects in insulin action. Abnormalities of cellular insulin action can be divided into receptor and post-receptor defects. Patients with impaired glucose tolerance are insulin resistant due to decreased insulin receptors resulting in decreased insulin sensitivity and rightward shifted in vivo dose response curves. Patients with NIDDM are insulin resistant due to a combination of receptor and post-receptor defects. The greater the severity of the diabetes (greater fasting hyperglycemia) the greater the post receptor defect, and in those patients with more significant fasting hyperglycemia the post-receptor defect is the predominant abnormality leading to the insulin resistant state. At least one of the abnormalities underlying this post-receptor defect involves a decrease in glucose transport system activity in freshly isolated adipocytes. This defect in glucose transport, is not expressed in cultured fibro-blasts, indicating that the abnormality in glucose disposal seen in vivo and in glucose transport seen in freshly isolated cells is an acquired phenomenon. Consistent with this, the post-receptor defect is partially reversible by insulin therapy, which leads to a 50-70% reversal of the reduced rates of in vivo glucose disposal and in vitro glucose transport. Insulin resistance also exists in poorly controlled IDDM patients, due to a postreceptor defect in insulin action. This insulin resistance is not present in well controlled IDDM patients, and is completely reversible when poorly controlled patients are treated with intensive insulin therapy. Insulin is produced in the pancreatic beta cell as the primary biosynthetic product preproinsulin. This peptide is rapidly converted to proinsulin (MW approximately 9000). Proinsulin is converted to insulin (MW approximately 6000) plus C-peptide in the secretory granule with a small amount (approximately 5 percent) of the proinsulin remaining unconverted. After a brief time in the peripheral circulation (half-life six to 10 minutes), insulin interacts with target tissues to exert its biologic effects. One of insulin's major biologic effects is the promotion of overall glucose metabolism, and abnormalities of this aspect of insulin action can lead to a number of important clinical and pathophysiologic states including Type II diabetes, also known as non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Since insulin travels from the beta cell through the circulation to the target tissues, abnormalities at any of these loci can influence the ultimate action of the hormone. These abnormalities, all PMID- 3898764 TI - New probes to study insulin resistance in men; futile cycle and glucose turnover. AB - Insulin resistance has been measured in man by nonsteady state tracer methodology. Increase in overall glucose utilization and suppression of glucose production was measured when hyperglycemia was achieved either by infusing glucagon or glucose. With the first method, insulin resistance was assessed in obese man and in lean hypertriglyceridemic patients. With the second method, insulin resistance was assessed in lean mild type II diabetics. These methodologies can only assess deficiences in overall glucose utilization and glucose production, but cannot delineate the defect in glucose uptake by the liver. However, if a given metabolic event is essentially characteristic of only one organ, metabolic abnormalities specific to that organ can be detected in vivo provided there is a probe specific to that metabolic pathway. Therefore, in lean mild type II diabetics the liver glucose futile cycle was assessed by a double tracer method. Previously it was shown that liver glucose futile cycling is increased in diabetic dogs. In healthy control subjects in basal state and during glucose infusion, the futile cycle could not be detected, but it represented a major part of glucose metabolism in liver of type II diabetics. It appears, therefore, that most of the glucose taken up by the liver during the glucose challenge in diabetics reenters the blood stream without being oxidized or polymerized. On the basis of these studies, it was concluded that excessive hyperglycemia in the diabetics during glucose infusion is due to a decrease in irreversible glucose uptake (impaired phosphorylation and futile cycling) and to a decrease in suppression of glucose production. The relative contribution of the liver and periphery to hyperglycemia seems to be almost equivalent. The mechanism behind the increased glucose cycle activity is not clear. It may be due to a relative decrease of glycogen synthase or increase in glucose-6-phosphatase or both. These observations in mild lean type II diabetics may have implications also in some other types of diabetes, since we have observed that futile cycling is even more marked in obese type II diabetics and that it could account in part for the diabetogenic effect of growth hormone in acromegalics. PMID- 3898765 TI - New methods for the analysis of insulin kinetics in vivo: insulin secretion, degradation, systemic dynamics and hepatic extraction. PMID- 3898766 TI - Gestational diabetes: problems in classification and implications for long-range prognosis. PMID- 3898767 TI - Heterogeneity within type II and MODY diabetes. AB - The heterogeneity within Type II diabetes (NIDDM) and within Maturity-Onset type Diabetes of Young people (MODY), a subset of NIDDM which is inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion, is discussed. Aspects of the definition and phenotypic expression of MODY are reviewed. Within NIDDM there are differences in patterns of inheritance between subgroups. HLA antigen associations are not found in most NIDDM populations but exist in three specific population groups with Type II diabetes. Within NIDDM and within MODY there are differences in the magnitude of insulin responses to glucose, differences in target tissue responsiveness to insulin in vivo, and differences in receptor and post-receptor effects of insulin. Structurally abnormal variant and biologically defective insulin molecules have been found in some Type II diabetic patients and in members of certain MODY families. The presence or absence of obesity may mark heterogeneous groups of Type II diabetic patients, in addition to the importance of obesity in uncovering an insulin secretory defect by causing insulin resistance. There is heterogeneity in susceptibility to vascular disease within NIDDM and MODY. The natural history of carbohydrate metabolism and of insulin secretory responses to glucose in early Type I diabetes and in MODY with low insulin secretory responses are illustrated and similarities and dissimilarities compared and contrasted. Failure to recognize young patients with MODY may contribute to incorrect diagnosis, management, and assignment of prognosis of this form of diabetes in the young by many practicing physicians. The recognition that Type I or insulin dependent diabetes (IDDM) and Type II or noninsulin-dependent (NIDDM) differ from each other not only phenotypically but also in etiology and pathogenesis led the National Diabetes Data Group (NDDG) to devise the present nomenclature and classification of diabetes mellitus. These were adopted by the World Health Organization. As suggested by the NDDG report, the classification should be reexamined periodically to reflect improved understanding of the disease, to stimulate further research, and to be of help to practicing physicians. PMID- 3898768 TI - The genetics of type I and type II diabetes: analysis by recombinant DNA methodology. AB - Susceptibility to IDDM is linked to the HLA-D locus on the short arm of chromosome 6, a region believed to be involved in the process of communication between cells which determines immune responses. Presumably an HLA molecule encoded by this region, unable to present a particular antigenic pathogen to the immune system, is inherited. The HLA-DR locus is quite complex, however. The gene which codes for this defective molecule may be identified by a combination of use of monoclonal antibodies and cloned gene probes which specifically hybridize to various portions of this region. Investigators are searching for HLA-DR4 containing chromosomes in IDDM which show similar patterns of restriction enzyme polymorphism. Hopefully, complete structural analysis of these related sequences will provide information about the mechanisms which confer susceptibility to develop IDDM. A strong genetic component is involved in NIDDM evidenced by a high concordance in monozygotic twins. Nevertheless, there is much evidence of genetic heterogeneity. At the present time no clear cut genetic marker has been defined. The human insulin gene has been cloned and by Southern blot hybridization analysis of peripheral leukocyte DNA, the insulin gene locus is being evaluated as a possible contributor to the genetic defect. Population studies at the present time have not identified any particular polymorphic insulin allele associated with NIDDM. Population studies are complicated by heterogeneity of NIDDM, racial and ethnic differences, and heterogeneity of insulin alleles. Linkage analysis in family studies will provide an alternative approach to population studies to determine what role if any the insulin gene plays in the genetic component of this disease. Because NIDDM is heterogeneous and perhaps polygenic in nature, these linkage analyses in families with NIDDM can be extended to other genes when they are cloned such as that coding for the insulin receptor. The familial aggregation of diabetes has long been noted (see ref. 1 for review). In relatives of diabetics, the prevalence ranges from 10-30%, while it is variously estimated to be between 0.1-3% in the general population. But familial aggregation of a trait may be caused either by genetic or environmental factors. One approach to dissecting the contribution of these factors is the study of concordance in twins. Pyke and associates observed that overall identical twins always show a higher concordance rate than dizygotic twins, irrespective of their age of diagnosis. Furthermore, they noted that identical twins of younger onset are often discordant for diabetes while identical twins of older onset are usually concordant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3898769 TI - The social environment and neurological disease. AB - This chapter has reviewed some of the methodological and theoretical issues in research linking the social environment to medical illnesses. The second part of the chapter has focused on three specific neurological entities to examine evidence for a possible association between neurological illness and life stress. There is some suggestion that certain vulnerable epileptic patients can experience convulsions in response to acute emotional upheaval or certain types of cognitive challenges. More commonly, it is probable that social stress and emotional tension can produce lowering of seizure threshold by increasing levels of fatigue and disrupting sleep. The latter factor, in particular, is known to lower seizure threshold. In the case of stroke, several dramatic cases of intracranial hemorrhage have been related to disastrous life circumstances. A general association between life stress and stroke has yet to be established. The case for a link between life events and onset of exacerbation of multiple sclerosis seems stronger. Events which produce emotional upset seem capable of worsening symptoms in patients with existing disease, and several studies have reported unusual life stresses in the period preceding onset of symptoms in this disorder. PMID- 3898770 TI - Head injury, neurosis and accident proneness. PMID- 3898771 TI - Emotional aspects of cerebrovascular disease. PMID- 3898772 TI - Psychosomatic aspects of multiple sclerosis. PMID- 3898773 TI - [Alterations in urinary N-Acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), beta 2 microglobulin (BMG) under acute exposure to simulated 6,000 m altitude]. AB - The changes in NAG and BMG concentration in the urine during sudden exposure to a simulated 6,000 m altitude (354 mmHg) were studied. Subjects were 5 healthy male volunteers before a mountain climbing expedition (20-25 years old). Decompression was commenced at 11:00 and terminated at 17:00 (2-h ascent, 2-h sojourn, 2-h return) for 5 successive days. Urine was discarded at 9:00 and thereafter collected at 11:00 (group I), 14:00 (group II) 17:00 (group III), and 9:00 the next day (group IV) and urinary NAG and BMG was measured. The rate of NAG indicated elevation above 5.0 U/L in 2 cases in group III and elevation which was significantly different from that of the other 3 groups. In the other 3 cases, significant elevation was not observed, but for group III as a whole NAG excretion was significantly elevated compared of the other 3 groups. However, increased excretion of NAG was not observed on all 5 successive days. The change in BMG values was smaller than that of the NAG values and no significant elevation was observed in any of the 4 groups. Increasing urinary excretion of NAG by sudden exposure to a high altitude indicated excessive destroy of epithelium in the proximal tubules, but this change was reversible. PMID- 3898774 TI - [A case of ureteral disruption caused by a traffic accident]. AB - Disruption of the ureter is very rarely caused by a blunt trauma, only 12 cases having been reported in Japan. A 20-year-old male suffered from a blunt abdominal trauma in a traffic accident. Although his urinalysis showed no abnormalities, a dull pain in the left flank region persisted for over a week after the injury. Under the suspicion of renal or ureteral injury, an excretory urogram (DIP) was conducted. The form of renal pelvis and calyces was almost normal on both sides, while extravasation of contrast medium was recognized around the lower pole of the left kidney. The retrograde pyelogram of the left side revealed that catheterization was possible up to 30 cm from the ureteral orifice, but the injected medium leaked into the retroperitoneal space making it impossible to visualize the left renal pelvis and calyces. An operation was performed under the diagnosis of left ureteral injury on the 19th day after trauma. The left ureter was completely disrupted 2 cm distally from the ureteropelvic junction. An end to end anastomosis of the ureter was done with 6-0 Dexon sutures. The DIP taken on the 25th day after the operation showed slight dilatation of the left pelvis and calyces. However, the renogram conducted 6 months after the operation demonstrated a normal pattern on both sides. PMID- 3898775 TI - [Clinical studies on cefoperazone in renal transplantation]. AB - Two grams of Cefoperazone was intravenously administered twice a day for 5 days by drip infusion to 10 donors and 9 recipients after renal transplantation. The concentration of cefoperazone in the blood after administration in both donors and recipients did not show any accumulation tendency. The urinary recovery rate of cefoperazone for 24 hours in donors was 8.8% and that in recipients was 8.1%. There was no change in the renal function in donors after administration of cefoperazone. No change was observed in blood examination, BUN or creatinine, but S-GOT and S-GPT showed a temporary increase in 1 donor and 1 recipient. It is considered that Cefoperazone is a very useful drug for prophylactic chemotherapy after renal transplantation. PMID- 3898776 TI - Comparison of sampling and isolation procedures for recovery of Yersinia enterocolitica serotype O:3 from the oral cavity of slaughter pigs. PMID- 3898777 TI - Adaption of ELISA for the detection of Campylobacter antibodies and its application in seroepidemiological studies in sheep and cattle herds. PMID- 3898778 TI - Biochemical and clinical study of calcium pantetheine-S-sulfonate. AB - Calcium pantetheine-S-sulfonate (PaSSO3Ca) is one of the pantothenic acid derivatives. We examined PaSSO3Ca inhibition capacity of tyrosinase activity in vitro. For the safety evaluation when it will be applied to the human skin, we tested PaSSO3Ca creams to the fifty one patients with skin diseases by 48 hours closed patch test method. And clinical evaluation of PaSSO3Ca creams were performed in fifty patients with chloasma by half side method. Results were as follow: 1, PaSSO3Ca was proved to inhibit the tyrosinase activity in vitro. 2, PaSSO3Ca cream was shown to be safe to human skin. 3, 10% PaSSO3Ca cream lightened the skin hyperpigmentation. PMID- 3898779 TI - [Therapeutic effects of vitamin A associated with vitamin E in perceptual hearing loss]. AB - Forty patients (25 men and 15 women, age 39 to 70) affected by presbycusis (in 7 cases associated with transmission defects) have been treated with vitamins A and E for 28-48 days. At the end of the therapy an improvement of symptoms, an in some cases of the audiometric record, have been observed. PMID- 3898780 TI - [Analgesic activity of Benexol-B12 in the painful vertebral syndrome]. AB - In order to verify the analgesic activity of an association of vitamin B1 - B6 - B12 (Benexol B12) in the painful vertebral syndrome, the Authors have performed a comparative trial between 20 patients treated with the association and 20 patients treated with a brain phospholipid extract (Cronassial). The results obtained in the two groups of patients are discussed. PMID- 3898781 TI - Gallium scintigraphy in American Burkitt lymphoma: accurate assessment of tumor load and prognosis. AB - The radiographic evaluation of 18 children with American Burkitt lymphoma was analyzed retrospectively. Pretreatment gallium-67 (67Ga) scintigraphy, done in 12 children, was interpreted as normal in only three children. In the other nine children, 67Ga scans demonstrated more sites of tumor involvement than any other method. Pretreatment abdominal computed tomography and sonography were valuable for evaluating ascites, density and size of the liver and spleen, renal involvement, and the presence of lymphomatous soft-tissue masses. Sonography was less accurate at localizing tumor deposits, but more sensitive to small amounts of ascites. Any of these methods is an effective way of following response to chemotherapy. However, it appears that sequential 67Ga scintigraphy may have significant prognostic value, as those children whose scintigrams reverted to normal within 6 months have survived. PMID- 3898782 TI - The clinical significance of increased echogenicity in the fetal abdomen. AB - Seven cases of increased echogenicity in the fetal abdomen detected on prenatal sonography were reviewed for findings and causes. In four cases, the findings corresponded to calcification secondary to meconium peritonitis, infection, or unknown cause. One infant with meconium ileus had inspissated but noncalcified meconium corresponding to the increased echoes. In two cases, follow-up prenatal sonography was normal, and the neonate was also normal. Eight cases from the literature with increased echogenicity in the fetal abdomen were also reviewed: Two cases were secondary to meconium ileus, and six were caused by meconium peritonitis. Increased abdominal echogenicity on prenatal sonography may result from various processes that may affect obstetric and neonatal management. PMID- 3898783 TI - Lesser omental thickness in normal children: baseline for detection of portal hypertension. AB - The lesser omentum between the left lobe of the liver and the aorta at the level of the celiac axis harbors the left gastric vein and artery, lymphatics, nerves, and some fatty tissue. In one study, it was found to be thickened in most of 50 children with portal hypertension, but normal values were not established. Lesser omental thickness was measured in 150 children without systemic, liver, or renal disease, and it was found that it did not exceed 1.7 times the diameter of the aorta at the same level. Increased measurements were obtained in children with portal hypertension, obesity, or systemic steroid therapy (by fatty infiltration), preaortic lymphadenopathy, or with transient interposition of the gastric antrum or pancreas between the liver and aorta. In the absence of obesity or lymphadenopathy, a lesser omentum measuring more than 1.7 times the aortic diameter should raise the possibility of portal hypertension. PMID- 3898784 TI - Characteristic sonographic signs of hepatic fatty infiltration. AB - Hepatic fatty infiltration sonographically appears as an area of increased echogenicity. When focal areas of fat are present in otherwise normal liver parenchyma, the fatty area may be masslike in appearance, leading to further imaging evaluation and sometimes even biopsy. This article discusses seven patients with focal fatty infiltration, who had sonographic signs that were highly suggestive of the fatty nature of the masses. These signs included angulated, geometric margins between normal and fatty tissue and interdigitating margins with slender fingers of normal or fatty tissue. These signs may be useful in diagnosing masslike areas of focal fatty infiltration and distinguishing these sonographically from other hepatic mass lesions. PMID- 3898785 TI - Sonographic evaluation of inferior vena caval obstruction: correlative study with vena cavography. AB - Sonographic findings of obstruction of the inferior vena cava (IVC) in 14 cases are described and correlated with venographic findings. The causes of the obstruction were membrane (five cases), thrombosis (three), and intraluminal tumor invasion by hypernephroma, hepatoma, and adrenal carcinoma in six. Sonographic examination revealed highly echogenic segmental obliteration or membrane in membranous obstruction and echogenic intraluminal mass in thrombotic occlusion. Absence of an identifiable patent lumen in a technically satisfactory study was another finding in thrombotic obstruction. On real-time sonograms, the normal respiratory changes of the IVC were absent when there was complete occlusion. Transhepatic collaterals, patency of other segments of the IVC, and associated malignancy were additional sonographic findings. Comparison to venography suggested that in addition to ease and safety, sonography has advantages in delineation of the cephalad extent of occlusion, dynamic evaluation of the IVC below the obstruction, and the simultaneous evaluation of adjacent organs. PMID- 3898786 TI - Guide wire protection for trocar puncture of fluid collections. PMID- 3898787 TI - Sonography of the normal female urethra. AB - This report of the sonographic appearance of the normal adult female urethra includes discussion of the anatomy and four representative cases. Six sonograms are shown that demonstrate normal urethras in both sagittal and transverse sections of pregnant and nonpregnant women. This anatomy is easily demonstrated with a sonographic B scanner. Insufficient knowledge of the sonographic appearance of the normal female urethra may lead to the erroneous diagnosis of a urinary bladder tumor. PMID- 3898788 TI - Tumefactive biliary sludge. PMID- 3898789 TI - [Behavior of leukocyte chemotaxis in various clinico-immunological situations]. AB - Chemotaxis is a property common to all free cells or unicellular microorganisms. It is not a simple spontaneous cellular migration but one which is directed towards the source or nucleus, producer of the chemotactic substance. One of the first phenomenon which is established as a defense mechanism of the organism is the attraction of polymorphonuclears. In 1955 Rebuck and Crowley described a method, "skin window" for the study of in vivo leukocyte chemotaxis. The aim of this work was to go deeper into the study of this test and to establish its clinical use. Two hundred and seventy patients from both sexes were studied and divided into five groups: Group I - 60 healthy subjects as control. Group II - 60 patients with pathologic leukocyte response: 10 cirrhotics, 15 Hodgkin's disease, 15 chronic renal insufficiency, 2 drepanocytosis and 3 sarcoidosis. Group III - 60 patients with no theoretical alterations in the leukocyte chemotaxis: 22 bronchial asthma, 23 nonlymphoid neoplasm, 13 iritis and 2 histiocytosis X. Group IV - 40 active tuberculosis patients. Group V - 30 patients with bacterial pneumonia non-tuberculosis. The Rebuck test was carried out on all patients. As lymphocyte markers, E rosettes, superficial immunoglobulins and the lymphoblast transformation test against PHA were performed on all the groups of patients. As to the results obtained, the positive responses for Groups I, II, III, IV and V were 87%, 28%, 83.3%, 45% and 63.3%, respectively. These results were evaluated in relation to the Mantoux reaction. The modified Rebuck test is useful for leukocyte chemotactic study. This was found to be altered in 13% of the healthy population.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3898790 TI - Allergy to Olea europaea pollen: relationship between skin prick tests, RAST, ELISA and bronchial provocations tests. AB - Olea Europaea is the most important allergenic tree in Southern Italy and in the Naples area. Its pollination period lasts from the middle of April to the end of June. In our pollinosis patients we observed frequency of sensitization of 13.05% to Olea pollen. That means that this pollen follows Parietaria (47.80%) and Gramineae (34.70%) regarding the frequency of allergic sensitization. In an attempt to evaluate the degree of allergic sensitization to Olea pollen and the concordance of various tests, we studied 24 asthmatic patients with skin positivity to only this pollen using commercially available allergen extracts and reagents. The patients were examined by SPT, RAST, ELISA and BPT with allergen. Our study has shown that there is no relationship between the results of SPT and Phadebas RAST; a slight relationship between SPT and Phadezym RAST, and a very good relationship between Phadebas and Phadezym RAST. Bronchial challenge with Olea extract was positive in all patients. These results may be interpreted considering the low degree of purification of Olea pollen extracts available commercially. PMID- 3898791 TI - An office laboratory panel to assess vaginal problems. AB - In determining the cause of vaginal complaints, the routine use of four simple tests ("the vagina panel") enables the physician to identify pathogens (Candida, Gardnerella, Trichomonas), pathologic processes (inflammation, estrogen deficiency) and, in most instances, a healthy vagina. Time and money are saved. The specimens can be collected in one minute during a pelvic examination. The panel can provide the answers to eight essential questions in two minutes of observer time, with supplies costing about $2. PMID- 3898792 TI - Sleep apnea syndrome. AB - Sleep apnea syndrome is estimated to affect as many as 2 to 3 percent of the adult male population. Excessive snoring and daytime sleepiness are but a few of the many clues to diagnosis. The hypoxemia occurring as a result of apnea may lead to pulmonary hypertension. Depressed respiratory center neural output or upper airway occlusion during sleep may cause the apnea. There are a number of treatment options available. PMID- 3898793 TI - Primary fibromyalgia. PMID- 3898795 TI - Course of chest pain and its relation to CK release and ST/QRS vector changes in patients with acute myocardial infarction randomized to treatment with intravenous timolol or placebo. AB - Assessments of hourly pain scores (0 to 4) were made in 135 patients during the initial 24 hours after admission to the hospital. The duration of chest pain and the cumulative pain score obtained by adding the pain scores hour by hour were compared to ST and QRS vector changes and CK release. The cumulative pain score over a 24-hour period after admission correlated to the maximal QRS vector difference (r = 0.51) and the cumulative CK release (r = 0.58). The time until patients had complete relief of pain was closely related to the time during which QRS vector changes were seen to continue (r = 0.73). No corresponding correlation was found between pain duration and CK release time (r = 0.24). The ST decline time correlated to the duration of the first uninterrupted episode of chest pain in the placebo group only (r = 0.50). Pain duration showed no correlation to our indices of infarct size. There was a recurrence of pain in 41% of the patients, of whom 36% had a time-associated further increase of the ST vector magnitude. We conclude that chest pain is an important clinical symptom that signals ongoing necrosis. Furthermore, assessments of a "soft" parameter, such as the cumulative pain score, can add valuable information concerning the severity of myocardial damage. PMID- 3898794 TI - Chest pain after nontransmural infarction: the absence of remediable coronary vasospasm. AB - To assess the contribution of coronary vasospasm to chest pain in patients with nontransmural myocardial infarction, we performed a controlled trial of prophylactic antivasospastic therapy. Fifty patients with nontransmural infarction received either nifedipine or placebo in a double-blind randomized trial. Chest pain occurred in 52% of treated patients (38 episodes on 35 days) compared to 48% of control patients (42 episodes on 33 days). Concurrent therapy was comparable in the two groups. Recurrent infarction occurred in 12% and was comparable between groups. Ejection fraction was similar and was unchanged throughout the study in both groups. Logistic regression failed to identify predictors for recurrent chest discomfort. These data indicate that potent antivasospastic therapy does not reduce the incidence of recurrent chest pain or infarction. Thus, remediable coronary vasospasm is not likely to be a major cause of post infarction ischemia in patients with nontransmural infarction. PMID- 3898796 TI - Feasibility, reliability, and advantage of utilizing low contrast dose digital subtraction ventriculography in a conventional catheterization laboratory. AB - Ventriculography was performed with conventional biplane fluoroscopic equipment; a 1:4 dilution of contrast medium in a standard injectate volume was delivered by a power injector. The biplane images were acquired with two video tape recorders and enhanced by means of a portable digital image processor. By a simple modification and calibration of our standard light pen-computer system, volumes could be calculated and global and segmental wall motion analysis performed. Fifteen patients underwent conventional and low-dose left ventriculography. Good correlation was found in end-diastolic volume (EDV), in end-systolic volume (ESV), and in ejection fraction (EF) (r = 0.90, r = 0.93, and r = 0.92, respectively). The quality of the images enabled a frame-by-frame analysis of a cardiac cycle to be performed (r = 0.99 when compared in one patient) and regional wall motion abnormalities identified (21 out of 23 abnormal segments). Although conventional ventriculography caused a rise in left ventricular end diastolic pressure (17 +/- 8 vs 23 +/- 11, p less than 0.002) and no change in systolic blood pressure (132 +/- 23 vs 135 +/- 23, p greater than 0.5), low-dose ventriculography had no effect on left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (18 +/- 7 vs 21 +/- 10, p greater than 0.05) and produced a rise in systolic blood pressure (144 +/- 20 vs 149 +/- 22, p less than 0.05). A system of digital enhancement that is capable of producing high-quality ventriculograms with lessened contrast morbidity can be assembled with minimal expense and adapted to any conventional catheterization laboratory. PMID- 3898797 TI - Determination of the optimal timing for performing digital ventriculography during atrial pacing stress tests in coronary heart disease. AB - To determine the optimal time for recording left ventricular angiograms during atrial pacing stress tests, digital subtraction left ventriculograms were obtained using 12 ml of contrast material in 40 patients at rest and at peak pacing. Nineteen of the 40 patients had a third digital left ventriculogram performed between 5 and 10 seconds and 21 patients had a third digital left ventriculogram performed 30 seconds after pacing was stopped. Coronary angiography showed significant coronary artery disease (CAD) in 29 patients and no evidence of significant CAD in 11 patients. Ejection fraction (EF) increased or did not change at peak pacing in 10 of 11 patients without CAD. In the 29 patients with CAD, mean EF decreased an average of 10 percentage points (p less than 0.001) and fell 2 or more percentage points in 25 patients (86%) at peak pacing. These changes in EF were accompanied by the development of wall motion abnormalities, which occurred in segments of myocardium that were supplied by coronary arteries with angiographic CAD (more than 50% diameter narrowing). In contrast, the mean EF during the postpacing studies decreased only 2.2 percentage points (difference not significant) over rest values. Moreover, 15 of 29 patients (52%) with CAD had a decrease in EF of 2 or more percentage points. Therefore, the sensitivity of the atrial pacing stress test was diminished when the analysis was performed at 10 or 30 seconds after pacing. It is concluded that EF changes and wall motion abnormalities induced by atrial pacing are of short duration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3898798 TI - Comparison of stress digital ventriculography, stress thallium scintigraphy, and digital fluoroscopy in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease in subjects without prior myocardial infarction. AB - Exercise thallium scintigraphy is often used for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD). Exercise digital subtraction ventriculography and digital subtraction fluoroscopy are new diagnostic procedures with roles that have not been determined. To compare the relative accuracies of the digital techniques with thallium scintigraphy, 97 consecutive patients without myocardial infarction underwent all 3 tests on the day before their scheduled coronary angiograms. Forty-two patients had CAD (more than 50% diameter narrowing of 1 major artery). A fixed or reversible perfusion defect defined an abnormal thallium test response and a segmental wall motion abnormality at rest or with exercise defined an abnormal digital ventriculographic response. Any visualized coronary calcific deposit defined an abnormal digital fluorographic response. The sensitivities of digital fluoroscopy (86%) and digital ventriculography (79%) were significantly higher than the sensitivity of thallium (62%) (p less than 0.05). The specificity of thallium (82%) was not significantly higher than that of either digital ventriculography (72%) or fluoroscopy (67%). The diagnostic accuracies of digital fluoroscopy, digital ventriculography, and thallium were 75%, 75% and 73%, respectively. A logistic regression model showed that thallium and digital fluoroscopy were more accurate in younger patients, whereas digital ventriculography was more sensitive in hypertensive persons and in those not taking beta-blocking drugs. The choice of test depends on disease prevalence, clinical variables (such as age and hypertension) and the importance of functional information obtained from stress testing. PMID- 3898799 TI - In vitro study of the pressure-velocity relation across stenotic orifices. AB - In a hand-driven, pulsatile in vitro model, the pressure-velocity relation across stenotic orifices was studied from simultaneous measurements recorded over a wide range of pressure and across different-sized orifices, individually and paired. Velocity spectra were recorded with continuous-wave Doppler ultrasound. In a rigid, noncompliant system, integrated instantaneous maximal velocities precisely register simultaneous integrated pressure gradients without measureable phase shift. Across stenotic orifices of 5 to 10 mm in diameter, the pressure-velocity relation is independent of orifice size for pressures extending from -30 to +240 mm Hg. The relation is quadratic and crosses 0. In this model, application of the simplified Bernoulli equation transforms the relation from curvilinear to linear with a bias toward the derived-pressure axis. In the presence of 2 different sized orifices, the pressure-velocity relation remains constant, with a given pressure producing 2 identical velocities. PMID- 3898800 TI - Evaluation of aortic dissection by Doppler color flow mapping. PMID- 3898802 TI - The silver anniversary of cardiac valve replacement. PMID- 3898801 TI - Aspergillus fumigatus thrombi causing total occlusion of both coronary arterial ostia, all four major epicardial coronary arteries and coronary sinus and associated with purulent pericarditis. PMID- 3898803 TI - Interrelationships of glucose and protein metabolism in obese adolescents during short-term hypocaloric dietary therapy. AB - We studied the interrelationship of nitrogen balance (N-bal) and rates of glucose appearance (Ra), determined isotopically using U-13C-glucose, in 14 obese adolescents consuming either (1.5 g protein and 1.0 g glucose)/kg ideal body weight/day or an isonitrogenous diet made isocaloric with fat. Nitrogen balance was significantly (p less than .01) more positive with added glucose. Changes in plasma insulin, free fatty acids, or beta-hydroxybutyrate did not reliably predict N-bal. The Ra of glucose decreased significantly on both diets, but was significantly lower (p less than .001) after the addition of fat. A significant correlation of N-bal with Ra (r = 0.70, p less than .01) was observed only in the absence of dietary glucose. Insulin levels correlated with N-bal only in the presence of dietary glucose (r = 0.72, p less than .01). Nitrogen balance in the absence of dietary carbohydrate may be a consequence of net peripheral protein catabolism that is not directly mediated by the need for gluconeogenic precursors. PMID- 3898804 TI - Macronutrients have different metabolic effects in nondiabetics and diabetics. AB - The glycemic and hormonal responses to protein, fat and carbohydrate alone and together were studied in normal, noninsulin-dependent (NIDD) and insulin dependent (IDD) diabetic subjects. Fat and protein markedly reduced the glycemic response to oral carbohydrate in nondiabetics. In NIDD, the presence of protein and fat had no significant effect on the glycemic response. In IDD, while fat had no effect, protein enhanced the glycemic response. The insulin and GIP responses to the macronutrients together and individually were remarkably similar in all subject groups. Protein behaved as an insulin secretagogue in normal and NIDD while fat acted as a GIP secretagogue in normal and both diabetic groups. Protein appeared to function as a GIP secretagogue when combined with both fat and carbohydrate. It is concluded that caution is required when the glycemic responses to foods observed in nondiabetics are extended to diabetics. PMID- 3898805 TI - The effects of inorganic chromium and brewer's yeast on glucose tolerance, plasma lipids, and plasma chromium in elderly subjects. AB - Twenty-three healthy, well-nourished, free-living elderly volunteers were given daily, for 10 wk, 5 g brewer's yeast, 200 micrograms Cr3+ as chromic chloride (CrCl3), or placebo. There were no significant changes in glucose tolerance, insulin, cholesterol or triglycerides after supplementation in any of the three groups. Plasma Cr3+ rose significantly after supplementation with CrCl3 but did not change after yeast or placebo supplementation. Plasma Cr3+ did not increase after an oral glucose load and did not correlate with glucose, insulin or lipid values in any of the groups. Calculated intakes of eight indicator nutrients were well above 100% of the RDA except for calcium. These healthy elderly persons, eating nutritious diets, are not at risk for Cr3+ deficiency as measured by the absence of a clinical response to CrCl3 or brewer's yeast supplementation. This study suggests that age per se is not a factor leading to Cr deficiency. PMID- 3898806 TI - Chromogranin as a marker of neuroendocrine cells in cytologic material--an immunocytochemical study. AB - Cytologic material, including fine-needle aspirations, bronchial brushings, body cavity fluids, and tissue imprints from 39 neuroendocrine and 26 nonneuroendocrine tumors, was stained for chromogranin by the immunoperoxidase technic. Our results suggest that chromogranin is useful in identifying primary as well as metastatic neuroendocrine lesions from a variety of body sites. All lymphoid proliferations and carcinomas, including small-cell anaplastic carcinomas of the lung (oat-cell carcinomas), were negative. Chromogranin appears to be a useful marker in diagnostic cytology. This technic can be applied to routinely prepared cytologic material. PMID- 3898807 TI - Langerhans' versus Langhans' cells. PMID- 3898808 TI - Giant lymph node hyperplasia (Castleman's disease) of hyaline vascular type. Clinical heterogeneity with immunohistologic uniformity. AB - Of three patients with giant lymph node hyperplasia (GLNH) of hyaline vascular type, one had multicentric involvement and systemic symptoms, and had the nephrotic syndrome develop. The two others had localized adenopathy and were asymptomatic. Immunohistochemistry carried out on frozen and paraffin-embedded tissue was uniform in all cases. For the most part this revealed a polyclonal B cell population and a reactive T-cell population in keeping with reactive follicular hyperplasia. In contrast to the latter, however, was a total absence of Leu-7 (natural killer cell) activity. The significance of this is unclear but may represent an abnormal immunologic response in the face of overwhelming antigenic stimulation. GLNH is a clinically and pathologically heterogeneous disorder, the management of which is dependent on both the clinical presentation of the patient and the histologic appearances of the involved lymph nodes. PMID- 3898809 TI - A comparison of immunofluorescent assays to detect anti-granulocyte antibodies. AB - Three immunofluorescent assays were compared to detect anti-granulocyte antibodies (AGA) in patients with immune disorders: the granulocyte immunofluorescence test (GIFT), the avidin-biotin coupling test (ABCT), and the modified staphylococcal protein A test (MSPAT). The ABCT was more sensitive than both the GIFT and MSPAT for patient sera, but it also detected more positivity among random normal sera. Although less sensitive than the ABCT, the GIFT and MSPAT showed greater specificity and higher predictive values for positivity. When normal lymphocytes were run in parallel with normal granulocytes, 68% of positive AGA sera were nonreactive with lymphocytes, indicating the antibody specificity for granulocytes. Comparison of three direct and indirect immunofluorescent assays suggested a general co-existence of both cell-bound and circulating AGA. However, the direct test displayed minimal amounts of fluorescence for negative controls in contrast to the variable levels of fluorescence seen in normal sera for the indirect test. PMID- 3898810 TI - Immunoalkaline phosphatase cytochemistry. Technical considerations of endogenous phosphatase activity. AB - The authors have developed an immunoalkaline phosphatase method and have applied it with success to the study of blood cells. They have now observed that macrophages in tissues and in serous effusions may be nonspecifically stained when immunoalkaline phosphatase methods are used. A systematic study of this endogenous macrophage phosphatase activity has shown it to have a pH optimum of 5.0-6.0 (acid phosphatase), but it remains weakly active in the mildly alkaline conditions used in the immunoalkaline phosphatase procedure. At its pH optimum, this macrophage phosphatase is mostly tartrate resistant, however, when 50 mM tartrate is added to a staining medium of pH 7.6-8.0, the residual endogenous phosphatase activity effectively is inhibited. When immunochemical studies are conducted by immunoalkaline phosphatase methods, the authors recommend addition of 50 mM tartrate to a buffer of pH 7.6-8.0. This modification does not significantly decrease the sensitivity of the specific staining of surface antigens. PMID- 3898811 TI - Quantitative buffy coat analysis. A hematologic screen applicable to the selection of apheresis donors. AB - Quantitative buffy coat analysis was performed on samples of venous blood with the QBC (Clay Adams Division of Becton Dickinson, Rutherford, NJ) Hematology System and the results for platelet counts, white blood cell counts, and microhematocrits were compared with those obtained by reference methods. At the established cut-off, values for apheresis donors the with-in run reproducibility (CV) of the platelet count was 6.8%; of the white blood cell count, 8.6%; and of the microhematocrit, 1.75%. Over the range of values studied, the platelet count showed the poorest correlation with the reference method (R = 0.72023) and the greatest dispersion of QBC values at a given reference value. Correlation coefficients for QBC and reference methods for white blood cell counts and hematocrits were 0.88887 and 0.89778, respectively. Predicted ranges of reference values for platelet counts and white blood cell counts, based on QBC measurements, were too wide at lower levels of the normal range to be clinically meaningful. When used in a screening mode to determine if results from apheresis donors exceeded specific cut-off values, the QBC system performed well as determined by high predictive values for results above the selected cut-offs. Misclassification errors with the QBC system were more likely to result in rejection of acceptable donors than acceptance of those with low platelet or white cell counts. PMID- 3898812 TI - Adenovirus ELISA for the evaluation of cerebrospinal fluid in patients with suspected neurosyphilis. AB - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) detecting antibodies against the adenovirus group antigen was used to examine cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of suspected neurosyphilis patients for serum contamination or blood-brain barrier (BBB) leakage. Adenovirus antibodies are ubiquitous, produce high antibody titers, and rarely cause central nervous system (CNS) infections. Of 52 normal adult sera tested with this ELISA, only one lacked antibodies. CSF from 48 healthy individuals did not present a detectable amount of anti-adenovirus antibodies. CSF from 33 suspected neurosyphilis patients with positive results in the fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption (FTA-ABS)-CSF test were examined. Eighteen showed anti-adenovirus antibodies indicating contamination of the CSF with peripheral blood or damaged BBB by syphilis or other disease, resulting in questionable CSF treponemal results. The remaining 15 of these patients appeared to be producing their anti-treponemal antibodies in the CNS. This procedure may prove to be of considerable help in excluding false positive FTA-ABS results in CSF samples. PMID- 3898813 TI - Increased detection of staphylococcal bacteremia using an anti-microbial removal device. AB - During the period of August 16, 1981, through December 16, 1982, 15-mL blood culture specimens collected at the Seattle Veterans Administration Medical Center (SVAMC) were divided into two aliquots. The first 10-mL aliquot was inoculated directly into aerobic and anaerobic BACTEC (Johnston Laboratories, Towson, MD) vials (DIR); the remaining 5 mL was processed in an resin-containing Antimicrobial Removal Device (Marion Scientific, Kansas City, MO) before transfer to a second, identical set of aerobic and anaerobic vials (ARD). The final volume of inoculated blood from the ARD specimen was half that of the DIR specimen. Both sets of vials were processed using the BACTEC radiometric detection system. One hundred fifty specimen pairs grew 161 significant pathogens; 43 isolates were recovered only from the ARD sample, 39 only from the DIR samples, and 79 from both. Of the 35 isolates recovered from patients receiving anti-microbial agents active against the isolated pathogens, 21 were recovered only from the ARD specimen and 5 only from the DIR specimen (P less than 0.005). Of the 15 S. aureus strains isolated from patients on therapy, 12 were recovered only from the ARD specimen, 2 only from the DIR sample, and 1 from both samples (P less than 0.01). Ten of the 32 isolates of S. aureus recovered from antibiotic-free patients were found only in the ARD specimen and three only in the DIR specimen (P = 0.05). The ARD specimens recovered significantly more S. aureus from all patients regardless of antibiotic status. PMID- 3898814 TI - Squamous metaplasia of the breast. An ultrastructural and immunologic evaluation. AB - Squamous metaplasia in the breast is rare. This case of an intracystic papilloma of the breast with prominent squamous change was found by electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry to contain evidence of squamous differentiation within myoepithelial cells. The findings suggest that squamous metaplasia of the breast may result from myoepithelial cell differentiation in a manner analogous to the development of squamous lesions in the cervix and salivary gland. The possible relationship of this finding to the development of squamous lesions of the breast is discussed. PMID- 3898815 TI - Multiple group B streptococcal infections in a premature infant: eradication of nasal colonization with rifampin. PMID- 3898817 TI - Asymptomatic choledochal cyst. AB - Choledochal cyst is a rare cystic malformation of the extrahepatic bile ducts. In all previous reports patients were investigated either for symptoms suggesting hepatobiliary disease or for laboratory data suggestive of biliary obstruction. We report a completely asymptomatic patient with normal hepatic function whose cyst was discovered serendipitously during sonogram to determine renal size. PMID- 3898816 TI - Gastric lymphoma versus pseudolymphoma: the importance of immunological differentiation. AB - Two cases are presented demonstrating that the differentiation of gastric pseudolymphoma from lymphoma often cannot be made solely on the basis of the clinical, radiological, endoscopic, or even pathological picture but may be resolved by immunohistological staining for lymphocyte markers. PMID- 3898818 TI - A comparative trial of ranitidine 300 mg at night with ranitidine 150 mg twice daily in the treatment of duodenal and gastric ulcer. AB - A multicenter double-blind comparative trial of oral ranitidine, 300 mg hs versus 150 mg bid, was conducted in 89 patients with duodenal ulcer (DU) and 54 with gastric ulcer (GU). Antacid tablets were prescribed prn. After 4 wk of treatment there were no statistically significant differences in the ulcer healing rates associated with the once daily (DU 86.4%, GU 62.5%) and the twice daily (DU 84.4%, GU 73.3%) regimens. Antacid consumption, by both DU and GU patients, was higher in the 150 mg bid group, but the differences did not achieve statistical significance. Further improvement in cumulative healing rates in response to both treatment regimens was observed following a second 4-wk treatment for those patients whose ulcers had failed to heal during the 1st month. Smoking adversely affected the rate of ulcer healing in DU patients, but had no significant effect on GU healing. No serious adverse effects or biochemical abnormalities were observed. Ranitidine 300 mg hs appears to be equally safe and effective as the standard regimen of 150 mg bid in the short-term treatment of uncomplicated gastroduodenal ulcer. PMID- 3898819 TI - Free perforation in Crohn's disease: I. A survey of 99 cases. AB - A review of more than 181 reported cases of free perforation in Crohn's disease yielded 84 cases that fulfilled rigorous criteria for classification as spontaneous free perforation with generalized peritonitis. An additional 15 cases from The Mount Sinai Hospital, derived from a population of 1010 patients with Crohn's disease, bring the total number to 99. Separately tabulated are 116 other cases either occurring in bypassed segments, developing after surgery, presenting with ruptured abscesses, or not definitively documented. Most reported perforations in the literature occurred in the distal small bowel. Among the Crohn's disease patients in our hospital, however, the incidence of colonic and small bowel perforation were 1.6 and 0.7%, respectively, with the highest frequency actually occurring in diseased segments of jejunum (2/50 = 4%). Free perforation was the presenting manifestation of the disease in 25 of the 84 reported cases. In our 15 patients, although perforation was never the presenting manifestation, it tended to occur early in the course of the disease (mean 3.5 years from onset of symptoms). Ninety-six of the 99 cases were operated on. The three patients treated without surgery all died. Mortality was most frequent following simple suture in the earliest reported case (39%), but considerably less frequent after resection and anastomosis (3.7%). All 18 patients treated by resection and diversion survived. Immediate surgery with resection and/or diversion therefore appears to be appropriate treatment for free perforation in Crohn's disease. PMID- 3898821 TI - Frequency of erythrocyte pyruvate kinase deficiency in Chinese infants. AB - The incidence of deficiency of the enzyme pyruvate kinase (PK) in Chinese infants was determined. Both the standard assay of erythrocyte pyruvate kinase enzyme activity and a fluorescent screening test (standardized) were used. The results of these two tests were compared. Of 1,159 infant cord blood samples studied, 26 (or 2.2%) had abnormally low levels of PK activity using the screening test, as did 24 of the samples tested by the enzyme assay. The results indicate that the frequency of a defective PK gene in the population of Guangzhou is significantly lower (p less than .05) than the previously reported defective gene frequency of 3.4% in Hong Kong. They also demonstrate the critical importance of standardization of the screening test, if most accurate estimates of gene frequency are to be derived by using this test. PMID- 3898822 TI - The many pathophysiologies of sickle cell anemia. PMID- 3898820 TI - Spontaneous Vibrio vulnificus peritonitis and primary sepsis in two patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. AB - Two patients with alcoholic cirrhosis were seen on two separate occasions for fever, swollen legs, petechial hemorrhage, purpura, and cutaneous bullae. One patient ate oysters 2 days before the onset of illness. Vibrio vulnificus, a lactose-positive halophilic vibrio, was isolated from the ascitic and cutaneous fluid in both cases, and from the blood in one of the two cases. Both isolated strains were sensitive to the antibiotics given to the patients from the beginning; however, both patients died, one from septicemic shock and the other from massive esophageal variceal hemorrhage. Autopsies in both patients revealed alcoholic cirrhosis, hemorrhagic necrosis of the terminal ileum, intraalveolar hemorrhage, petechial hemorrhage in the peritoneum, and nonspecific acute inflammation of the dermis with vasculitis. Physicians should consider V. vulnificus in the differential diagnosis of cirrhotic patients with sepsis, primary skin lesions, and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis with or without history of recent oyster ingestion. PMID- 3898823 TI - Heparin-mediated neutralization of platelet antiaggregatory activity of prostacyclin (PGI2): studies on mechanism. AB - Prostacyclin (PGI2) is a well-known potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation. Its role has been implicated in physiological and pathological states of hemostasis. Heparin blocks the prostacyclin-mediated antiaggregatory activity on platelets. Prior treatment of heparin with heparinase as well as with protamine destroyed heparin's ability to neutralize PGI2. Studies on the mechanism of heparin blocking of PGI2 activity suggested that heparin interacted directly with PGI2, as shown by the loss of PGI2 mobility on thin layer chromatography concomitant with the loss of PGI2-mediated inhibition of platelet aggregation. PGI2 in this combination with heparin, nevertheless, retained its time-dependent ability to be hydrolyzed to 6-keto-PGF1 alpha. Findings of these studies may have implications in thrombosis and hemostasis, particularly in heparin-mediated abnormalities of circulating platelets. PMID- 3898824 TI - Specific binding of circulating IgA antibodies in patients with IgA nephropathy. AB - Detection of circulating IgA antibodies which are specific in patients with IgA nephropathy is described. Freeze and thawed extracts of pharyngeal cells obtained from patients with IgA nephropathy, other glomerular diseases, and healthy adults were cultured with fibroblasts such as Vero or Hel cells at 37 degrees C for 2 weeks. Serum samples were obtained from these patients and healthy adults. The cultured fibroblasts were fixed on slide glasses, and then incubated with the serum samples from the same or other patients with IgA nephropathy. The cells were stained with FITC-labeled heavy-chain specific anti-human IgA antiserum and then examined with a fluorescent microscope. It was demonstrated that the IgA antibodies in sera obtained from patients with IgA nephropathy or HSP nephritis were bound with the nuclear regions of such fibroblasts. It was suggested that IgA antibodies in sera could be bound with some antigenic substances which were transferred from pharyngeal cells of patients with IgA nephropathy to fibroblasts in vitro. PMID- 3898825 TI - Hepatitis B virus vaccine: a randomized trial of a reduced dose regimen in hemodialysis patients. AB - To test the hypothesis that increasing the dose enhances response to hepatitis B virus vaccine in hemodialysis patients, we performed a randomized, double blind, controlled clinical trial. Twenty-four hemodialysis patients were randomly assigned to receive either three 20 mcg or the recommended three 40 mcg intramuscular injections over 6 months. In addition, 19 normal volunteers also received three 20 mcg doses of the vaccine. The presence of Anti-HBs was determined qualitatively and quantitatively. Non-uremic subjects seroconverted more frequently than did either of the dialysis patient groups. Doubling the individual doses of vaccine did not improve the response of the dialysis patients. We conclude that the response to the vaccine is not diminished when dialysis patients are given half the recommended dose of the vaccine and that the cost of vaccinating this high-risk population could be substantially reduced. PMID- 3898826 TI - Potassium supplementation via the dialysate in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. AB - A small percentage of patients treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) may become hypokalemic. Since both the intravenous and oral routes for potassium repletion have disadvantages, we studied the feasibility, effectiveness, and safety of acute potassium loading via the dialysate in patients on CAPD. Five patients were studied during an exchange containing 20 mEq/L of potassium. This was well tolerated and led to a gradual increase in the plasma potassium concentration (.44 +/- .11 mEq/L) as about three-fourths of the intraperitoneal load was absorbed, most of it by two hours. The greatest increase in the plasma potassium concentration was .63 mEq/L. A separate patient developed intense abdominal pain during an exchange containing 40 mEq/L of potassium. We conclude that the dialysate is a safe and effective route for acute potassium repletion during CAPD when the dialysate potassium concentration does not exceed 20 mEq/L. PMID- 3898827 TI - Medicare reimbursement for outpatient intravenous antibiotics. PMID- 3898828 TI - Insulin resistance: receptor and post-binding defects in human obesity and non insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. AB - Insulin resistance is a prominent feature of three clinical conditions: obesity, impaired glucose tolerance, and non-insulin-dependent (type II) diabetes mellitus. Numerous studies over the past 15 years have provided a better understanding, from both a clinical and cellular standpoint, of the pathophysiology of these insulin-resistant states as well as of insulin action. In addition, it has recently been recognized that correction of glucose intolerance leads to an improvement in insulin secretion and a reduction in insulin resistance. Examination of the most recent data suggests that the basis for insulin resistance in these common clinical disorders is often multifactorial. In uncomplicated obesity, the cellular alterations responsible for insulin resistance appear to be at the level of the hepatic insulin receptor and in post-binding processes in peripheral target tissues. In type II diabetes, a post-binding defect(s) in peripheral tissues appears to be the primary lesion. In humans, many of the factors that mediate the changes leading to insulin resistance are still unknown and are the object of current investigations. PMID- 3898829 TI - Islet-cell abnormalities in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. AB - Patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus have enlarged islets of Langerhans, an increased number of insulin-secreting beta cells, and a "horseshoe shaped" relationship between plasma insulin and glucose levels. To some extent, beta-cell dysfunction in patients with type II diabetes is reversible with appropriate hypoglycemic therapy. Defects in the glucagon-secreting alpha cells in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus include basal hyperglucagonemia, an exaggerated glucagon response to aminogenic stimuli, and hyposuppressibility of glucagon by hyperglycemia. Although peripheral resistance to insulin may play a role in type II diabetes, defects in islet-cell function clearly play a significant role as well. PMID- 3898830 TI - Value of glucose control in preventing complications of diabetes. AB - Many functional, biochemical, and morphologic changes occur in diabetes in animal models and in humans. The responses of humans and animals to treatment with insulin indicate that these changes are induced by the diabetic milieu and are indirect or direct consequences of insulin deficiency and/or hyperglycemia. Guidelines for acceptable laboratory values in controlling diabetes are presented, as is evidence supporting a metabolic basis for vascular complications of the disease. On the basis of the results of a recently published prospective study of 59 patients with diabetes, fluorophotometry is cited as a technique that may predict development of retinopathy. PMID- 3898831 TI - The debate over substitution policy. Its evolution and scientific basis. AB - Considerations about differences in bioavailability between brand-name drugs and generic formulations of these agents are discussed as are the meaning of drug quality, the national regulatory situation concerning generic substitution, and state-to-state variations in product selection laws. Actual and potential problems with generic substitution are described with regard to current and future prescribing practices. Proposed regulations permitting or mandating substitution of generic alternatives and therapeutic substitutes are mentioned. Although there is no consensus on the proper use of generic drugs, physicians should be aware of potential differences in bioavailability and therapeutic effectiveness that may arise when one drug product is substituted for another. Such differences are of particular concern for certain therapeutic categories such as psychotropic, cardiovascular, and endocrine/metabolic drugs, as well as for special population groups, such as the elderly, infants, and children. If physicians are to prescribe in an optimal manner, they should be knowledgeable about the bioavailability of different drug products and the national and state laws addressing substitution. Generic substitution is linked to current and future policy changes in the area of therapeutic substitution. PMID- 3898832 TI - Efficacy of sucralfate in corpus, prepyloric, and duodenal ulcer-associated gastric ulcers. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study. AB - A 12-week study with two weekly endoscopic assessments was performed in 138 patients to compare the efficacy of sucralfate fine granules (900 mg one-half hour before breakfast, lunch, and dinner, and at bedtime) versus placebo in the healing of gastric ulcers prestratified into corpus, prepyloric, and duodenal ulcer-associated. For corpus and prepyloric ulcers, the respective healing rates achieved by sucralfate at six weeks (69 and 80 percent) and at eight weeks (80 and 93 percent) were significantly (p less than 0.005) better than those obtained with placebo (33 and 25 percent at six weeks, and 41 and 33 percent at eight weeks). The design of the study permitted life-table analysis that further demonstrated the efficacy of sucralfate in these two ulcer types (p less than 0.0001). Symptomatic response was likewise significantly better with sucralfate than with placebo. Similar healing rates and symptomatic responses were observed for patients with duodenal ulcer-associated gastric ulcer but were not significantly better with sucralfate than with placebo. From 38 prospectively obtained clinical, personal, physiologic, and endoscopic characteristics, it was found that ulcer size and a history of pain had significant influence on healing with sucralfate. It is concluded that sucralfate is safe and effective for the treatment of corpus and prepyloric ulcers. PMID- 3898833 TI - Maintenance therapy with sucralfate reduces rate of gastric ulcer recurrence. AB - Seventy-two patients with recently healed gastric ulcers were entered into a double-blind, placebo-controlled, six-month maintenance trial to assess whether sucralfate, 1 g in the morning and 2 g at night, reduces the propensity for recurrent ulceration. Patients were assessed clinically at 0, 6, 12, 18, and 24 weeks. Endoscopy was performed at the time of entry into the study and at 24 weeks, or earlier if clinical relapse occurred during this period. Eleven patients were excluded from the study because they defaulted or for other protocol violations. The other 61 patients were followed for six months or until evidence of ulcer relapse. Endoscopic recurrence was found in five of 31 patients (16 percent) randomly assigned to receive sucralfate and in 21 of 30 patients (70 percent) assigned to receive placebo. Most recurrences occurred during the first 12 weeks, with relapse rates of 10 percent and 53 percent, respectively for the sucralfate- and the placebo-treated groups. Three of the recurrences noted at 24 weeks were asymptomatic; two of these were in the sucralfate-treated group. The results indicate that a 3 g per day maintenance dose of sucralfate offers meaningful protection against recurrent gastric ulceration. PMID- 3898834 TI - Sucralfate and cimetidine as single agents and in combination for treatment of active duodenal ulcers. A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. AB - A randomized, double-blind, double-placebo study was conducted to compare the rates and predictors of healing in patients with endoscopically proved duodenal ulcers during treatment with sucralfate, cimetidine, or a combination of the two drugs. Standard therapeutic dosage regimens were used in each group. No antacids were allowed. Endoscopy was repeated at two weeks and, if needed, at four and eight weeks. Healing was defined as complete re-epithelialization of all ulcers. Cases in which there was a worsening of the ulcer or of symptoms were considered unhealed. Eight patients were dropped for protocol violations or unrelated medical illnesses; data from 61 patients were suitable for analysis. The healing rates achieved with sucralfate and cimetidine did not differ significantly at any time. However, the healing rate at two weeks for combination therapy (33 percent) was higher than for either sucralfate alone (15 percent) or cimetidine alone (10 percent). Cigarette smoking, a prior history of ulcer disease, and a low pepsinogen I to pepsinogen II ratio were significant predictors of delayed healing. PMID- 3898835 TI - Comparison of antacid and sucralfate in the prevention of gastrointestinal bleeding in patients who are critically ill. AB - In a randomized open trial, a regimen consisting of sucralfate administered every six hours was shown to be as effective as a regimen consisting of an antacid given hourly in the prevention of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in 155 patients who were critically ill. Two of 75 (2.6 percent) patients receiving antacid and three of 80 patients (3.8 percent) receiving sucralfate showed evidence of bleeding. In no case was bleeding severe enough to necessitate blood transfusions or surgery. The cost-effectiveness, ease of administration, reduced nursing hours, greater compliance, and fewer side effects make sucralfate a useful substitute for antacid in preventing upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients who are critically ill. PMID- 3898837 TI - The "typhoid state" revisited. AB - The "typhoid state" occurs classically with typhoid and typhus fevers but is also seen in other infectious diseases. Clinical descriptions of this state as "muttering delirium" or "coma vigil" refer to the peculiar preoccupied nature of the stupor. Picking at the bedclothes and at imaginary objects (carphology and floccillation) are characteristic, as is muscular twitching (subsultus tendinum). There is strong evidence that the death of Falstaff in Shakespeare's Henry V is a vivid description of the typhoid state. PMID- 3898836 TI - Age and the treatment of multiple myeloma. Southeastern Cancer Study Group experience. AB - To determine the impact of age upon the response to treatment, survival, and toxicity of chemotherapy for multiple myeloma, the results of a large cooperative group trial were examined. Patients were randomly assigned to induction therapy with either carmustine, cyclophosphamide, and prednisone or melphalan and prednisone; patients with response received two years of treatment. The age distribution of patients in this trial compared with the incidence figures from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) study shows a degree of under-representation of the oldest patient groups. Prognostic factors were evenly distributed over the age range and treatment groups. Older patients had responses and survival rates equivalent to younger patients and with both treatment regimens regardless of prognostic factor characteristics. Hematologic toxicity was no greater for the older group in either regimen despite the presence of a nitrosourea in one. Gastrointestinal toxicity was increased in the older patients who received the regimen of melphalan and prednisone. The study suggests that in myeloma and perhaps other such chemotherapy-responsive malignancies treated with moderately intense chemotherapy, without bone marrow ablation, elderly and younger patients have similar outcomes. PMID- 3898838 TI - The treatment of soft tissue defects with injectable collagen. AB - Two forms of highly purified bovine dermal collagen (Zyderm I and II Collagen Implant) are currently in widespread clinical use for the treatment of dermal soft tissue defects. These materials, which closely resemble human collagen, are administered via injection in a series of outpatient treatments. With successive injections, small amounts of collagen are deposited to fill areas deficient in soft tissue. A review of the literature indicates that these materials can be used safely and effectively to correct certain scars, age-related wrinkles, areas of steroid atrophy, and small surgical defects. PMID- 3898839 TI - Drug-induced lupus: clinical spectrum and pathogenesis. PMID- 3898840 TI - Esophageal motility disorders. PMID- 3898841 TI - Polyglandular autoimmune syndromes. AB - Dysfunction of multiple endocrine glands may develop as the result of hypopituitarism, various infiltrative disorders, or an organ-specific autoimmune mechanism. When dysfunction of two or more endocrine glands occurs in association with circulating organ-specific antibodies directed against the involved glands, the term polyglandular autoimmune syndrome is applied. Characteristics of polyglandular autoimmunity include specific patterns of disease association and frequently a family history of similar involvement. The principal endocrine components of these syndromes are adrenal insufficiency, autoimmune thyroid disease, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, and premature gonadal failure. In addition, primary hypoparathyroidism is a key feature of one form of polyglandular autoimmunity that occurs in children. Several nonendocrine organ specific autoimmune disorders are also associated with polyglandular autoimmunity, of which pernicious anemia is the most frequent. The underlying abnormality responsible for polyglandular autoimmunity is most likely a defect in T suppressor cell function, but there is evidence that aberrant expression of HLA DR antigens also plays an important role in the pathogenesis of these disorders. PMID- 3898842 TI - Gynecologic masses: value of magnetic resonance imaging. AB - Forty-two women with gynecologic abnormalities were studied with the use of magnetic resonance imaging. Magnetic resonance imaging correctly assessed the origin of the pelvic mass in all patients. In the evaluation of leiomyoma, magnetic resonance imaging accurately depicted the number, size, and location of the lesion. In the evaluation of endometrial carcinoma, magnetic resonance imaging depicted the location of the lesion, the presence of cervical extension, and the depth of myometrial penetration in the majority of the cases. In the analysis of adnexal cysts, magnetic resonance imaging was sensitive in localizing the lesion and was able to distinguish serous from hemorrhagic fluid. This preliminary report indicates that magnetic resonance imaging may become a valuable imaging modality in the diagnosis of gynecologic abnormalities. PMID- 3898843 TI - Real-time ultrasound estimations of weight in fetuses of diabetic gravid women. AB - To test the applicability of equations for fetal weight estimations in a group of fetuses suspected of being large for gestational age, real-time ultrasound measurements of fetal biparietal diameters and abdominal circumferences were obtained for 34 fetuses of diabetic mothers. In the first phase of the study the accuracy in the prediction of weight was assessed with use of two known equations. In the second phase, biparietal diameter, abdominal circumference, and actual birth weight data of the 34 study fetuses were used as independent variables to determine the best-fitting equation for relating estimated fetal weight (EFW) to biparietal diameter (BPD) and abdominal circumference (AC); this equation is log (EFW) = 0.02597 AC + 0.2161 BPD - 0.1999 (AC X BPD2)/1000 + 1.2659. The standard deviation of differences is 322.26 gm and multiple R = 0.781. In the final phase the reliability of this equation was compared to those of Thurnau and Shepard in 34 additional fetuses of diabetic gravid women. The data suggest that in these fetuses suspected of being large for gestational age the weight estimates calculated at or near term may be enhanced if predictive equations are formulated specifically from the data for such fetuses. PMID- 3898844 TI - The golden years. Presidential address. PMID- 3898845 TI - "Posterior culdeplasty": revisited. AB - A 22-year-old retrospective review was made of 68 cases treated by the technique of posterior culdoplasty. Indications were moderate to large enterocele (40), complete procidentia (18), and complete prolapse of the vaginal vault after hysterectomy (10). Indications, techniques, and complications are presented. The wedge culdoplasty of Torpin gave good results in moderate-sized enteroceles. The "posterior culdeplasty" of McCall gave very good long-term results (2 to 22 years), especially in the group of patients (28) with complete vaginal eversion who were desirous of maintaining their sexual function. PMID- 3898846 TI - Interferon for the therapy of condyloma acuminatum. AB - Lymphoblastoid interferon, Wellferon, was used to treat patients with resistant and persistent condyloma acuminatum at initial doses of 5, 3, and 1 million unit/square meter (Mu/M2). The objectives of this study were to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of, and tolerance to, intramuscular and intralesional interferon. Seventeen patients were treated with 5 Mu/M2, 14 patients with 1 Mu/M2, and 37 patients with 3 Mu/M2; daily administration was followed by three times-a-week dosing. The complete response rate in patients receiving initial dose of interferon of 5 Mu/M2 was 69%, that for doses of 1 Mu/M2 was 43%, and that for doses of 3 Mu/M2 was 57%. All patients given interferon developed initial elevations of temperature of limited duration, whereas all patients given the 5 Mu/M2 dose had to have the amount reduced because of biologic side effects. However, only five of 37 (14%) of the patients given 3 Mu/M2 required a reduction in the dosage, and no patient given 1 Mu/M2 needed to have the dosage reduced. These studies suggest that interferon is efficacious in the treatment of resistant and persistent condyloma acuminatum, and that the biologic side effects were dose-related, well tolerated, and not life-threatening. PMID- 3898847 TI - Preoperative cefoxitin prophylaxis for elective abdominal hysterectomy. AB - Fifty women were randomly given one, two, or three 2 gm parenteral doses of cefoxitin with placebo blinding perioperatively at abdominal hysterectomy. A single preoperative intramuscular dose was more efficient, less frequently associated with the development of bacterial resistance, and less expensive than two or three doses. PMID- 3898848 TI - Management of the missing intrauterine contraceptive device: report of a case. AB - A case of postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device insertion that resulted in a remote complication is described. At the postinsertion follow-up visit the intrauterine contraceptive device was missing and presumed expelled. Four years later it was recovered from a complex mass involving the bladder and the appendix. Management for the missing intrauterine contraceptive device is recommended. PMID- 3898849 TI - Antenatal sonographic diagnosis of conjoined twins in a triplet pregnancy. AB - Presented is the case of a triplet pregnancy with conjoined twins diagnosed antenatally with sonography. Prenatal diagnosis has the potential to improve outcome for the normal infant. PMID- 3898850 TI - Action of magnesium sulfate on platelet prostacyclin interaction and prostacyclin of blood vessels. PMID- 3898851 TI - Acanthamoeba keratitis associated with soft contact lenses. AB - Three patients (a 13-year-old girl, a 25-year-old man, and a 22-year-old woman) who used daily-wear soft contact lenses, sterilized with saline made from distilled water and salt tablets, developed Acanthamoeba keratitis. Acanthamoeba was cultured from the contact lens solution of one patient. This patient, in whom the diagnosis was made by corneal biopsy early in the clinical course, was successfully treated with topical neomycin-polymyxin, miconazole, and propamidine isethionate. The other two patients underwent penetrating keratoplasty. One of these patients, who received a graft early in the clinical course, developed a recurrence of disease in the graft, whereas the other, who received the graft 18 months after the initial symptoms, has maintained a clear corneal transplant with useful vision. PMID- 3898852 TI - Multistrain comparison of three antimicrobial prophylaxis regimens in experimental postoperative Pseudomonas endophthalmitis. AB - We compared subconjunctivally administered ceftazidime and BMY 28142, two third generation cephalosporins, to a regimen of gentamicin and cefazolin for their ability to prevent experimental Pseudomonas postoperative endophthalmitis in rabbits. After extracapsular lens extraction, an inoculum of Pseudomonas was injected into the vitreous; one of the three antimicrobial regimens was then administered subconjunctivally. All 25 eyes treated with gentamicin and cefazolin become infected (P = 1). Two of 25 eyes treated with BMY 28142 became infected (P less than .001). None of the 25 eyes treated with ceftazidime became infected (P less than .001). PMID- 3898853 TI - Echographic and histologic tumor height measurements in uveal melanoma. AB - We studied the relation between echographic tumor elevation (measured by standardized A-scan echography) and histologic tumor thickness (measured from histologic slides with an ocular micrometer) in a series of 53 choroidal and ciliary body melanomas enucleated within one month of the most recent echographic measurement. Histologic height was less than echographic height for all sizes and locations studied, with a correlation coefficient of r = .926. The following equations for straight lines described the relationship: Echographic height = 1.964 + (1.042 X histologic height). Histologic height = -0.660 + (0.823 X echographic height). Thus, current thickness criteria for small (less than 3 mm), medium (3 to 5 mm), and large (more than 5 mm) melanomas, based on histologic measurements, may be translated to the following echographic terms: small, less than 5.2 mm; medium, 5.2 to 7.2 mm; and large, more than 7.2 mm. The source of this difference is a variable degree of tumor shrinkage induced by fixation and histologic preparation. PMID- 3898854 TI - Use of autogenous split-thickness dermal graft for reconstruction of the lining of the exenterated orbit. AB - A surgical technique using an exposed dermal graft to line the exenterated orbit has been successful in nine patients. Eight of the nine patients had undergone total maxillectomy at the time of exenteration. A split-thickness (epidermal) skin graft is harvested with a dermatome and hinged at one end. A second split thickness dermal graft is harvested from the dermal bed of the first graft. The hinged epidermal graft is sutured into its donor site, and the deeper free dermal graft is used to line the orbital cavity. The latter graft tends to be more viable than a split-thickness epidermal graft. Also, because the dermal graft can self-epithelialize or be epithelialized by adjacent tissues, it may be placed adjacent to skin or a mucous membrane. PMID- 3898855 TI - Research to Prevent Blindness: 25th anniversary. PMID- 3898856 TI - Demodectic mites and chalazion. PMID- 3898857 TI - Fitting gas-permeable contact lenses after penetrating keratoplasty. PMID- 3898858 TI - The immunohistology of non-T cells in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. AB - The authors employed a panel of monoclonal antibodies to characterize B cells, histiocytes, and natural killer cells in lymph node biopsies obtained from 7 homosexual men with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and 5 heterosexual controls. Six of the AIDS patients, each with cutaneous and/or nodal Kaposi's sarcoma, exhibited reactive follicular hyperplasia, as did the 5 controls. The seventh AIDS patient had opportunistic infections and exhibited a lymphocyte depletion pattern in lymph nodes. In AIDS patients, reactive B-cell follicles often exhibited attenuation of their mantle zones. Many were regressively transformed and composed predominantly of dendritic reticulum cells. Occasional germinal center dendritic reticulum cell networks exhibited fragmentation reminiscent of the "follicle lysis" described previously in the persistent generalized lymphadenopathy syndrome. In the 1 AIDS patient with the lymphocyte depletion pattern of lymph node histology, germinal center elements, including dendritic reticulum cells, were totally absent. In all cases, the mononuclear-cell subsets exhibited normal patterns of antigen expression. Quantitative studies, however, revealed a significant increase (P less than or equal to 0.01) in natural killer cells and histiocytes within the paracortical T cell domain of lymph nodes obtained from patients with AIDS. There was no significant difference in the number of natural killer cells within the mantle or germinal center B-cell domains. While there was no significant difference in the absolute number of paracortical B cells, they were relatively increased due to an absolute decrease in T cells. It is concluded that quantitative alterations in mononuclear-cell subsets in patients with AIDS are not restricted to T cells and that these alterations are microenvironmentally specific. PMID- 3898859 TI - Lymphocyte compartments in human spleen. An immunohistologic study in normal spleens and uninvolved spleens in Hodgkin's disease. AB - A panel of monoclonal antibodies directed against T and B lymphocyte antigens was used to analyze the presence and localization of several lymphocyte subsets in 13 normal human spleens (3 of newborns) and 17 uninvolved spleens of patients with Hodgkin's disease. The distribution of cells in the white pulp corresponded with findings in other secondary lymphoid organs, except for the presence of a marginal zone, a unique compartment localized at the border of white and red pulp. The phenotype of the marginal zone cells indicates that it is likely that the marginal zone contains nonrecirculating as well as recirculating B cells, while T cells (of the T helper type) are also represented. Therefore, the notion that marginal zone cells are nonrecirculating IgM+, IgD- cells, appears to be an oversimplification. No clear differences were observed between spleens of patients with and without Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 3898860 TI - Regulation of polypeptide-hormone biosynthesis at the level of the genome. AB - Understanding of gene control mechanisms has greatly accelerated largely due to the application of recombinant DNA techniques. Polypeptide hormone genes encode multiexonic-intronic transcriptional sequences, the exons of which in turn encode polyprotein precursors or prohormones from which the hormones are cleaved during posttranslational processing of the prohormones. Transcriptional processes are regulated by at least two qualitatively different modes of gene regulation. The first mode includes the factors and structural components of a gene that determine whether a gene can or cannot be expressed in a given tissue when the appropriate inducer is present. The second mode is the physiological induction and regulation of the gene that can normally be expressed in a particular tissue. Both cis and trans regulatory mechanisms appear to operate in both tissue specific expression and physiological regulation. Tissue-specific enhancer sequences consisting of short nucleotide sequences of from 10 to 50 base pairs have been identified in or around genes that are expressed in specific tissues. In many instances trans-acting DNA binding proteins have been found to repress or activate the transcription of the genes. Physiological regulation of hormone genes involves at least two different classes of macromolecules, steroid hormone receptors and phosphoproteins that are formed in response to the binding of ligands to specific surface-located receptors. Although the precise mechanisms by which information encoded in cellular effectors is coupled to cellular responses is incomplete, continued investigations should lead to a more complete understanding of gene control mechanisms and the eventual ability to alter the expression of specific genes. PMID- 3898861 TI - Dissociation of effects of insulin and contraction on glucose transport in rat epitrochlearis muscle. AB - The effects of insulin and contraction on glucose transport and metabolism were investigated in rat epitrochlearis muscles in vitro. Insulin dose-response curves showed a threshold (approximately 50 microunits/ml) and saturation-type (approximately 1 mU/ml) kinetics, whereas isometric contraction activated glucose transport and metabolism in a linear fashion with no evidence of a threshold. Insulin and contraction increased the apparent maximal rate of uptake of the hexose transport system with minimal effect on its apparent Km. The stimulatory effects of insulin and contraction were additive; similar results were obtained with 2-deoxy-D-glucose. Contraction stimulated glucose transport in three different preparations of muscles depleted of insulin: 1) exhaustively washed for 2 h, 2) rats infused with anti-insulin serum, and 3) chronically (streptozotocin induced) diabetic rats. Prostaglandin E2 augmented the effect of a submaximal concentration of insulin on glucose transport without exerting any effect by itself but had no effect on contraction-augmented glucose transport. It is concluded that insulin and contraction activate glucose transport and metabolism via independent mechanisms. PMID- 3898862 TI - Activation of glucose transport in diabetic muscle: responses to contraction and insulin. AB - The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of insulin deficiency on the ability of muscle contraction to activate glucose transport. Rats were made severely diabetic by injection of streptozotocin (SZ; 125 mg/kg body wt). Only those diabetic rats in which plasma insulin was too low to measure 3 days after SZ injection were included in this study. Glucose transport activity was evaluated by measuring 3-O-methylglucose uptake in epitrochlearis muscles in vitro. Contractile activity induced a 2.8-fold increase in 3-O-methylglucose uptake rate in epitrochlearis muscles of diabetic rats (P less than 0.01) even after the muscles had been thoroughly washed to remove any traces of insulin remaining in the extracellular fluid. However, this increase in sugar uptake was less than 50% as great as that seen in normal controls. This reduced ability to activate glucose transport was not limited to the effect of contractile activity, as the increase in sugar uptake rate in response to a maximal concentration of insulin was similarly reduced in the diabetic muscles. Thus it appears that contractile activity can accelerate glucose transport in insulin-deficient muscle; however, the maximal capacity to activate glucose transport is decreased in skeletal muscle after sustained insulin deficiency. PMID- 3898863 TI - The platelet strip. I. A low-fibrin contractile model of thrombin-activated platelets. AB - The ultrastructure and contractile behavior of a new preparation of thrombin activated human platelets is described. The preparation is referred to as the "platelet strip" because of its similarities to classical vascular smooth muscle strips. The platelet strip consists of a giant platelet aggregate 10 mm long, 4 mm wide, and 200 micron thick. To facilitate handling, the aggregate has a special high-compliance nylon mesh embedded in its mass. Each strip contains 7.3 X 10(8) platelets. Fibrin contamination is 150-fold lower than in platelet-rich plasma clots. Active isometric forces of up to 100 g/cm2 and 6-10 h viability are easily and reproducibly obtained. Platelet strips remain contracted after thrombin activation. The contraction is tonic and partial. Further small increases in force can be produced by depolarizing solutions or pharmacological agents, e.g., ADP, epinephrine, and endoperoxide analogues. These small increases are reversible on washout of the agents. Full relaxation is induced by agents such as prostaglandin E1 or papaverine, which increase adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate. However, after washout of these agents, recovery of tension is variable depending on the concentration of the drug and the degree of prestretching of the preparation. PMID- 3898864 TI - Influence of subdiaphragmatic vagotomy and brown fat sympathectomy on thermogenesis in rats. AB - Infusion of rats with insulin (8 U/day via implanted minipump) for 7 days caused a 22% rise in resting oxygen consumption, which was inhibited by acute injection of the beta-adrenergic antagonist propranolol. Insulin treatment produced significant increases in brown fat mass, protein content, and total thermogenic activity (assessed from binding of guanosine diphosphate to isolated brown fat mitochondria), but these responses were inhibited by prior surgical sympathectomy of the tissue. Animals subjected to subdiaphragmatic vagotomy gained more weight than pair-fed, sham-operated controls and showed reductions in total energy expenditure, the acute thermogenic response to a meal and brown adipose tissue activity. Daily injections of insulin (1 U/day) prevented all of these effects of vagotomy. These data demonstrate that the changes in brown fat activity induced by exogenous insulin are mediated by the sympathetic nervous system and that the depressed thermogenesis and brown fat activity associated with vagotomy appear to be due to a relative insulin deficiency and can be reversed by treatment with the hormone. PMID- 3898865 TI - Effect of intragastric triglyceride administration on glucose homeostasis in newborn pigs. AB - The fasting hypoglycemia (1.78 +/- 0.29 mmol/l) which develops in 48-h-old pigs is partially reversed (3.85 +/- 0.55 mmol/l) after gastric administration of long chain triglycerides (LCT). The increase in blood glucose induced by LCT feeding was not secondary to a decreased glucose utilization because glucose disappearance rate increased in LCT-fed piglets but resulted from a twofold increase in glucose appearance. By using the crossover-plot technique, the stimulation of hepatic gluconeogenesis induced by LCT feeding has been localized at 1) the level of pyruvate carboxylase owing to the twofold increase in hepatic acetyl-CoA concentration and 2) the level of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase secondary to the increase in reducing equivalents (NADH), which displaces this equilibrium reaction in the direction of gluconeogenesis. As blood lactate, pyruvate, and alanine concentrations increased after LCT feeding, the possible effects of LCT on pyruvate dehydrogenase in peripheral tissues are discussed. These data demonstrate that fatty acids stimulate hepatic gluconeogenesis in 48-h-old fasting piglets and underline the role of fat provision in the regulation of glucose homeostasis during the neonatal period in the pig. PMID- 3898866 TI - Binding, degradation, and biological activity of insulin in vascular smooth muscle cells. AB - The interaction of insulin with the vascular smooth muscle was studied using cultures derived from the bovine aortic arch. The cultured cells exhibited specific binding of 125I-insulin that was reversible and dependent on pH. Both insulin and insulinlike growth factor (IGF) I competed for 125I-insulin binding; IGF I, however, was less effective than insulin by at least an order of magnitude. Insulin binding was accompanied by internalization and degradation of the hormone in a temperature- and time-dependent manner. Chloroquine and other lysosomotropic agents elevated the internalized insulin and reduced its degradation. Pre-exposure of cell cultures to insulin resulted in downregulation of cell surface receptors. Insulin stimulated alpha-aminoisobutyric acid transport in confluent smooth muscle cells. The maximal response was observed at 100 ng/ml insulin with a half-maximal effect at 10 ng/ml. Sparse, serum-starved smooth muscle cells responded to insulin with a dose-dependent increase in [3H] thymidine incorporation into DNA. Although the effect was already apparent at 1 ng/ml insulin, it reached near maximal level only at 10,000 ng/ml. IGF I also stimulated DNA synthesis in smooth muscle cells; however, at low concentrations insulin was more efficient in this respect. Human growth hormone was inactive. The data indicate the presence of specific receptors for insulin in bovine aortic smooth muscle cells. These receptors appear to mediate the metabolic activity as well as part of the mitogenic effect of insulin in these cells. PMID- 3898867 TI - In vivo and in vitro resistance to maximal insulin-stimulated glucose disposal in insulin deficiency. AB - The effect of streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus on maximal insulin stimulated glucose uptake in the rat was studied in isolated adipocyte, perfused hindlimb, and the intact organism. Basal glucose transport per fat cell was reduced by approximately two-thirds (P less than 0.001), being associated with a similar decrease in glucose oxidation per fat cell (P less than 0.001). There was also a significant decrease (P less than 0.001) in basal glucose uptake by perfused hindlimb of diabetic rats of approximately 40%. Furthermore, maximal insulin-stimulated glucose transport and oxidation were approximately 50% lower (P less than 0.001) in fat cells of diabetic as compared with control rats. In contrast, maximal insulin-stimulated glucose disposal by perfused hindlimbs from diabetic and control rats was similar, and this was also true of the ability of insulin to maximally stimulate glucose uptake in the intact normal and diabetic rat. These findings indicate that variation exists in the manner in which insulin sensitive tissues respond to experimentally induced insulin deficiency and support the view that total body glucose disposal is primarily related to insulin action on muscle. PMID- 3898868 TI - Regulation of plasma vasopressin in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. AB - Patients with uncontrolled insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus have elevations in plasma vasopressin that cannot be accounted for totally by recognized osmotic or nonosmotic stimuli. To investigate the possibility that regulation of vasopressin secretion is abnormal in this disease, we characterized the vasopressin response to osmotic and hemodynamic stimuli in five uncomplicated, well-controlled insulin dependent diabetics, and compared the results with those found in nondiabetic volunteers. During osmotic stimulation with hypertonic saline, plasma vasopressin increased in close linear correlation with plasma osmolality or sodium in both groups. However, in the diabetics, the lines describing the relationships between plasma sodium and vasopressin were shifted significantly to the left of normal, suggesting resetting of the osmostat. This shift was not due to abnormal stimulation by hyperglycemia, because increasing plasma glucose and osmolality by intravenous infusion of hypertonic dextrose produced no increase in plasma vasopressin in diabetics or normals. Tilt tests produced a slightly exaggerated increase in plasma vasopressin in diabetics, but their basal and upright pulse rate, blood pressure, plasma renin activity, norepinephrine, and hematocrit were all normal. The results indicate that in diabetic patients the osmoreceptor for osmotic regulation of vasopressin secretion is reset in such a way that higher plasma vasopressin levels are observed at comparable levels of plasma sodium. The exact cause and consequence of this abnormality remain to be determined. PMID- 3898869 TI - Possible mechanisms for the initiation and maintenance of postprandial intestinal hyperemia. AB - Postprandial intestinal hyperemia is a locally mediated vascular response to the presence of nutrients in the lumen. In this review we discuss the role of various constituents of chyme in the development of the hyperemia and possible mechanisms of action. The luminal contents that produce the hyperemia are digested products of food; undigested food or pancreatic enzymes have no effect. Micellar fatty acids are the most potent vasodilators, whereas amino acids at physiological concentrations have little effect on intestinal blood flow. However, by-products of protein digestion are as potent as those of carbohydrates in increasing the blood flow. Bile increases ileal but does not alter jejunal blood flow. In addition, bile enhances the glucose-induced hyperemia and renders fatty and amino acids vasoactive. The mechanisms by which bile exerts its effect on the vasoactivity of these nutrients are poorly understood. The intestinal hyperemic response to the presence of nutrients in the lumen is mediated by a variety of regulatory pathways that vary with the nutrient. Factors involved include tissue metabolic rate, metabolites, nutrient absorption, tissue osmolality, tissue oxygen tension, intestinal peptides such as neurotensin and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, and paracrine substances such as prostaglandins and histamine. It is likely that the hyperemia results from the complex interplay of all these factors on the intestinal vascular smooth muscle. Extrinsic and intrinsic nerves play a minor role in nutrient-induced hyperemia. PMID- 3898870 TI - Vasoactive agents and the mesenteric microcirculation. AB - Vasoactive agents are known to have a variety of effects on the dynamics of the mesenteric microcirculation. We compare and contrast the effects of both vasodilators and vasoconstrictors on capillary filtration coefficient, vascular permeability, tissue oxygen tension, and microvascular pressure. The various methodologies used to determine the above quantities are discussed, as well as the limitations and advantages of each approach. Discrepancies between the results obtained with particular classes of vasoactive agents are discussed relative to both dosage and route of administration. In addition, data obtained for each parameter using both whole-organ and in vivo microscopic techniques are reconciled relative to the characteristics of each approach. Experimental designs are proposed that may help minimize future inconsistencies in the data, as well as maximize the relative advantages of available techniques. PMID- 3898871 TI - Nephron adaptation to renal injury or ablation. AB - In early stages of permanent renal injury or extensive ablation, structural and functional adaptations associated with hypertrophy partially compensate for nephron losses. Glomerulotubular balance is maintained in these conditioned nephrons by intrinsic tubule and peritubular capillary adaptations that parallel single nephron glomerular filtration rate (SNGFR). Studies of Na+-H+ exchange in renal cortical brush border membrane vesicles indicate that tubule functional adaptation is not tied to loss of renal mass per se but rather to factors such as dietary protein content that set the level of SNGFR. Likewise, the structural heterogeneity that follows chronic renal injury or extreme ablation of renal mass is less a consequence of nephron injury than of adaptation linked to dietary protein intake. Indeed, since dietary protein restriction blunts the need for compensatory glomerular hyperfiltration, there is neither a stimulus for nephron hypertrophy nor for enhanced tubule ion and fluid transport. In rats with remnant kidneys, experimentally induced diabetes mellitus, or severe hypertension, increases in glomerular pressures and flows precede proteinuria, glomerular sclerosis, and azotemia. Protein restriction prevents these hemodynamic adaptations as well as the late complications. Similar conclusions appear to be applicable to a wide spectrum of clinical circumstances characterized by reduced nephron number. PMID- 3898872 TI - Cerebral vascular autoregulation of blood flow and tissue PO2 in diabetic rats. AB - The effect of chronic, severe diabetes mellitus on the morphology, blood flow regulation, and tissue PO2 of the cerebral cortex was evaluated in adult rats. The arterioles of the diabetic animals were enlarged in terms of both lumen diameter and vessel wall area. Although resting blood flow in the diabetic rats was greater than in the normal rats, the autoregulation of cerebral blood flow was very good within an arterial pressure range of 40-150 mmHg, just as in normal rats. The resting tissue PO2 in diabetic rats was 14.9 +/- 0.5 (SEM) compared with 12.7 +/- 0.6 mmHg in normal animals and in both groups remained at or near the resting PO2 at arterial pressures from 40 to 150 mmHg. There was no apparent loss of arterioles on the cortex surface or change in length of individual arterioles in diabetic animals but there was a 20-30% decrease in the number of venules and no change in the length of individual venules. These data indicate that although the arteriolar morphology and number of venules change in the brain during diabetes, physiological function in terms of tissue PO2 and blood flow regulation is maintained within normal limits. PMID- 3898873 TI - Use of ECT in California, 1977-1983. AB - The author examined the use of ECT in California from 1977 to 1983, a period during which its availability steadily declined. Approximately 1.12 persons per 10,000 population received ECT in 1977-1983, with little variation from year to year. Most ECT was paid for with nonpublic funds by white patients in nongovernmental facilities. The probability of receiving ECT increased with the age of the patient. ECT was quite safe: no fractures were reported, and the mortality rate was 0.2 deaths per 10,000 treatments. Despite restrictive regulation and limited availability, ECT continues to be used in California. PMID- 3898874 TI - In memoriam. Francis J. Braceland, M.D. 1900-1985. PMID- 3898875 TI - Can East and West meet in psychoanalysis? PMID- 3898876 TI - Edith Jacobson's major contributions to psychoanalytic theory of development. PMID- 3898877 TI - Public health nursing: in sickness or in health? AB - Public health nursing began in the United States as a small undertaking in which a few wealthy women hired one or two nurses to visit the sick poor in their homes. By 1910, the work of these nurses had expanded to include a variety of preventive programs. While most preventive programs originated with voluntary organizations, such as the visiting nurse societies, they were eventually taken over either by boards of education or health departments. As a consequence of the new division that resulted, sick nursing would increasingly become the sole domain of the voluntary organizations, while the teaching of prevention would become the responsibility of public agencies. By examining the history of public health nursing between 1900-30, this article considers why a movement that might have been significant in delivering comprehensive health care to the American public failed to reach its potential. PMID- 3898878 TI - Public health nursing comes of age. PMID- 3898880 TI - State certificate-of-need programs: the current status. PMID- 3898879 TI - Edentulism and oral health problems among elderly rural Iowans: the Iowa 65+ rural health study. AB - A household health interview survey of 3,673 noninstitutionalized people aged 65 and over in two rural Iowa counties included questions about loss of teeth, use of dentures, and presence of oral health problems. Edentulism rates were 10-15 per cent lower than those found a decade earlier in national health surveys. A log-linear analysis found that the best demographic predictors of edentulism were education, age, and marital status. Spouses tended to be of similar dentition status, i.e., both edentulous or both dentate. No association was found between the loss of teeth and prevalence of digestive problems. Only 7 per cent of the edentulous people felt they needed to visit a dentist, even though 70 per cent had not seen one for over five years. About 40 per cent had dentures that were over 20 years old, with half of these being over 30 years old. Many dentures were loose and causing soreness in the mouth or difficulty in eating. These elderly people appeared to expect some problems with dentures and oral pain and accepted them without feeling a need to seek treatment. PMID- 3898881 TI - An enzyme immunoassay for the detection of antisperm antibodies. AB - A simple and reliable enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of antisperm antibodies has been developed in our laboratory. The antigen for the solid phase was produced by sperm sonication while antihuman globulin conjugated to alkaline phosphatase was used as the developing reagent. The conditions and reagents of the assay were chosen to give a mild treatment of the antigen, simple manipulation during washing steps, and nontoxic and readily available reagents. The results were compared to a conventional microscopical method routinely used in our laboratory that detects agglutinating antibodies to human spermatozoa. In 96% of all cases antibodies detected by the microscopical method were also detected by ELISA. Moreover there were some cases where no antisperm antibodies could be demonstrated by microscopy, but gave a positive reaction with ELISA. These were usually cases of unexplained oligospermia, agglutinates in the ejaculate, and bad motility or low viability of the sperms. These results, and also titration experiments of positive samples demonstrate the higher sensitivity of the ELISA by comparison with microscopical methods. PMID- 3898882 TI - Antibodies against malaria sporozoites in patients with acute uncomplicated malaria and patients with cerebral malaria. AB - Serum samples from 95 patients with acute uncomplicated falciparum malaria (AM) and 95 patients with cerebral malaria (CM) were tested by the indirect immunofluorescent assay (IFA) for IgG and IgM antibodies against Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax sporozoites. Forty-six (48%) CM patients were positive for antibodies against P. falciparum sporozoites whereas only 23 (24%) were positive for antibodies against P. vivax sporozoites (P less than 0.002). A similar result was obtained in AM patients. However, CM patients had significantly lower mean IgG anti-sporozoite titer for P. falciparum than did AM patients (P less than 0.05), especially when only anti-sporozoite antibody positive CM and AM patients were compared (P less than 0.0005), suggesting that CM patients had relatively less exposure and were probably less immune to malaria than were AM patients. The persistence of anti-sporozoite antibodies also was investigated in paired sera taken 63 days apart from 108 patients with acute falciparum malaria. There were significant decreases in the mean antibody titers in the follow-up sera during the period of stay in the malaria-free area. It was proposed that determination of anti-sporozoite antibody be made as a substitute for, or in addition to, anti-blood stage antibody for seroepidemiological study of malaria, especially in the monitoring of the success of the malaria control program. PMID- 3898883 TI - Detection of Plasmodium falciparum using a synthetic DNA probe. AB - A labeled synthetic polynucleotide representing a repetitive sequence from Plasmodium falciparum was hybridized with genomic DNA spotted on nitrocellulose. After an overnight exposure, 0.1 ng of P. falciparum DNA was specifically detected and 0.01 ng was detected after an exposure of 1 week. The synthetic probe showed no cross-hybridization with host DNA or with DNA isolated from other species in the phylum Apicomplexa, P. vivax and Babesia species. Since synthetic DNA is easily prepared, the observed sensitivity and specificity suggests that synthetic DNA probes would be generally useful in diagnosis. PMID- 3898884 TI - Chloroquine-resistant falciparum malaria in northern Malawi. AB - An American Peace Corps volunteer contracted chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria while serving in Malawi and taking regular chloroquine prophylaxis. Resistance was confirmed by in vitro testing of his parasites for chloroquine and pyrimethamine. The possibility of Fansidar-resistant falciparum malaria was also suggested in this case. American expatriates residing in or traveling to Malawi are advised to either take both chloroquine and Fansidar, or alternatively amodiaquine or doxycycline alone. Any breakthrough of slide-proven falciparum malaria in these individuals should be seriously suspected to be chloroquine- and Fansidar-resistant malaria, and should be treated with quinine and tetracycline. PMID- 3898885 TI - Seroepidemiological investigations of onchocerciasis in a hyperendemic area of West Africa. AB - Immunological study of individuals (aged 4 to 70 years) living in an area of Mali hyperendemic for onchocerciasis revealed an 83% prevalence of skin microfilariae (mf). Microfilariae counts from skin snips were highly age-dependent. Screening for concomitant helminth infections showed a low prevalence of hookworms and Mansonella (Dipetalonema) perstans, but neither schistosomiasis nor bancroftian filariasis. Immunological results revealed strong correlation between radioallergosorbent test (RAST) and skin test (5 and 50 ng adult O. volvulus extract), between RAST and total IgE, and between IFAT and ELISA. A negative correlation exists between mf counts and skin tests and between mf counts and RAST; the lowest median values were obtained in the group with high mf counts. Skin sensitizing antibodies were detected in most locally born children aged 4-5 years. Intradermal tests showed a high rate of sensitization to O. volvulus antigen in mf-negative children, whereas ELISA and IFAT values were significantly lower in these children than in mf-positive children. Increasing concentrations of circulating IgE antibodies were found in children aged 4-11 years by RAST, and, in individuals aged 12-19 years (age group for which mf counts sharply increase), skin testing revealed a state of anergy. In long lasting infections (adults greater than 20 years) skin reactivity was comparable to that of young children or was depressed. ELISA and IFAT achieved similar results in each age group. PMID- 3898886 TI - The western black-legged tick, Ixodes pacificus: a vector of Borrelia burgdorferi. AB - To determine the significance of the western black-legged tick, Ixodes pacificus, as a vector of the Lyme disease spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi, a tick/spirochete survey was conducted in northern California and southwestern Oregon from 1982 to 1984. Of 1,687 adult ticks collected off vegetation, 25 (1.48%) contained spirochetes. Of 715 ticks from Oregon, 14 (1.96%) were infected whereas 11 (1.13%) of 972 ticks from California harbored spirochetes. An isolate of 1 of the spirochetes reacted specifically when treated with monoclonal antibodies to B. burgdorferi. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of a lysate of the isolate showed it to be nearly identical with 2 isolates of B. burgdorferi. Of the 25 infected I. pacificus, 17 had spirochetes in their midgut only; the remaining 8 ticks showed a generalized infection of all the tissues, with midgut, central ganglion and ovary or testes showing heavy spirochetal infections. Decreased immunofluorescent staining reactivity of spirochetes in tissues other than midgut in 6 of 8 I. pacificus with generalized infection may reflect adverse physiologic conditions for the development of spirochetes in the hemocele. PMID- 3898887 TI - Characterization of neutrophil iodination for the assessment of phagocytic and opsonic function in septic patients. AB - To increase our understanding of the nature of surgical infection, further studies on the host defense abilities of infected patients are required. Therefore, a more thorough investigation of the iodination method for the measurement of polymorphonuclear leukocyte function and serum opsonic activity was undertaken to characterize its application in surgical infection. A significant relationship was found between the phagocytic indices derived from different standard neutrophils or sera measured on the same day. When expressed as a value of normal phagocytic indices minus abnormal phagocytic indices, this relationship was constant from day to day despite wide variations in the absolute phagocytic index values. This finding enables direct comparisons to be made between the values obtained both from the same patient and from different patients during the course of their illness by reference to daily control values. We also found that the system was sufficiently sensitive to detect, in a dose responsive manner, the changes induced in normal neutrophil phagocytosis and serum opsonic activity by a specific bacterial challenge with either K. pneumoniae or E. coli. In addition, zymosan, which is utilized in the iodination reaction but also has immunoadjuvant properties, was found to enhance neutrophil function but depress serum opsonic activity in the face of such bacterial challenges. We conclude that the iodination technique is a credible method for the indirect measurement of polymorphonuclear phagocytosis and serum opsonic function in the face of a bacterial challenge and can be reliably employed in studies of septic patients provided these findings are taken into account. PMID- 3898888 TI - Effects of soil infection potentiating factors on neutrophils in vitro. AB - Although the ability of soil silicate fractions to potentiate infection is well recognized, the precise mechanisms by which they do so remain unexplained. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of montmorillonite clay, the most potent of these soil infection potentiators, on human neutrophils, erythrocytes, and serum complement in vitro. Using phase microscopy, rapid neutrophil lysis was observed when cells were exposed to untreated clay. After lysis, the cytoplasmic marker enzyme lactate dehydrogenase rapidly adsorbed to the surface of the clay. Both enzyme surface adsorption and cell lysis could be blocked, however, by pretreatment of the clay with human albumin. Likewise, neutrophil chemiluminescence could be stimulated by untreated clay, but not by clay pretreated with 5 percent albumin or 10 percent pooled human serum. Maximal chemiluminescence was stimulated by clay pretreated with 0.1 percent albumin, probably because the partially protective albumin coating delayed cell lysis. Compared with the effect on neutrophils, clay lysis of erythrocytes was incomplete. When zymosan-activated serum samples were exposed to clay, complement activity as measured by neutrophil chemotaxis was suppressed in a dose-dependent fashion. We conclude that montmorillonite clay may potentiate infection by a direct cytotoxic effect on the neutrophil, making it unavailable for bacterial phagocytosis, by local reduction in bacterial opsonization due to depletion of activated complement, and by the release of toxic tissue substances, such as lysosomal enzymes and oxygen free radicals, from leukocytes which may damage host tissue and thus create an environment favorable for bacterial survival. PMID- 3898890 TI - Heat welding for surgical sutures. AB - The purpose of this experimental study was to test the potential value of heat welding to cut the ends of knotted surgical sutures. This heat process resulted in knot security in a coated polyglactin suture with fewer throws than those needed for the same suture with knotted ends cut by scissors. Results of mechanical performance testing of the knotted sutures cut either by scissors or welding did not differ significantly. With refinements in the technical design of the heat source, suture welding may have important applications in surgery. PMID- 3898889 TI - Changes in collagen content of the small intestinal wall after anastomosis. AB - Collagen content of small intestinal anastomosis in the rat was investigated in relation to previously reported changes in suture-holding capacity. The decrease in suture-holding capacity during the first 3 days previously observed, the inflammatory phase, did not correlate with collagen content during this period. However, the increase in suture-holding capacity from the third to the seventh days, the phase of fibroplasia, correlated well with an increased collagen content in the intestinal wall in both the ileum and jejunum. Anastomotic strength and collagen content correlated well after the third day. Deposition of collagen, not only in the wound but also in the intestinal wall and within the loop of the suture during the phase of fibroplasia, is the likely explanation for the rapid increase of suture-holding capacity during this period. PMID- 3898891 TI - Chemical lumbar sympathectomy for ischemic rest pain. A randomized, prospective controlled clinical trial. AB - The results of a randomized, controlled, prospective double-blind trial of phenol chemical sympathectomy against placebo bupivacaine injection in 41 limbs (24 treatment and 17 control) have been presented. Ablation of the skin potential response was used as an indication of successful sympathectomy. Rest pain was relieved in 83.5 percent of patients at 1 week with a placebo response of 23.5 percent (chi-square test, p less than 0.002). Sixty-six percent of patients remained free from rest pain at 6 months (chi-square test, p less than 0.02). The ankle-brachial systolic pressure index and resting and peak (reactive hyperemic) blood flows were measured in the foot; there was no demonstrable improvement in these hemodynamic factors. Chemical sympathectomy in these circumstances is probably acting as a pain-relieving injection but nevertheless produces useful remission of rest pain in these inoperable but otherwise relatively stable patients. It can also be employed while relevant investigations are carried out before direct arterial surgery. PMID- 3898893 TI - [Use of Doppler ultrasonics in the prevention of gas emboli in surgery of the posterior fossa. Visualization of the phenomenon on a cathode screen]. PMID- 3898892 TI - [Prevention of gas embolism during orthostatic surgery: prefatory remarks on the role of PEEP and anesthetic pharmacology]. PMID- 3898894 TI - Effects of noise and quinine on the vessels of the stria vascularis: an image analysis study. AB - Surface preparations of the stria vascularis from guinea pigs exposed to wide band noise or intoxicated with quinine monohydrochloride dihydrate were studied by light microscopy and computerized image analysis in order to evaluate quantitatively the effects of these agents on two characteristics of the strial vasculature: vascular density and erythrocyte distribution. An image analyzer was used to measure the area of strial vessel lumen and erythrocyte distribution as a fraction of the total area of strial tissue under observation. The results demonstrate that changes in the strial vessels do occur in guinea pigs exposed to noise or given large doses of quinine. Localized vessel narrowings caused by swollen endothelial cells and possibly by contraction of pericytes were found in both experimental groups, but there was no apparent tonotopical relationship between these effects and the reduction in cochlear potentials. A significant reduction in the number of erythrocytes was found in all turns of the cochlea in both experimental groups. Although a significant difference in vascular density was found among turns of the cochlea in both experimental and control animals, there was no widespread change in vascular density as a result of either noise exposure or quinine treatment. PMID- 3898895 TI - [Ultrasonic diagnosis in fetal developmental anomalies]. PMID- 3898896 TI - [Clinical thinking in modern obstetrics. III. Ultrasound and monitoring aspects]. PMID- 3898897 TI - [Cranial ultrasonography of premature infants. Cerebral hemorrhage]. PMID- 3898898 TI - [Ultrasonic research on fetal motor activity]. PMID- 3898899 TI - [A case of early transabdominal amniocentesis in twin pregnancy]. PMID- 3898900 TI - Autologous bone marrow transplantation. A maximal therapy design for disseminated neuroblastoma. AB - Patients with disseminated neuroblastoma are considered a poor-risk category, hence, our approach towards their treatment should be reconsidered in terms of the unique clinical and biological characteristics of neuroblastoma tumor growth. To this end, we have devised a treatment program consisting of surgery, and a schedule of sequentially escalating doses of cyclophosphamide combined with other drugs until a minimal disease status is obtained. When this is achieved, the patient is treated with maximal therapy, i.e., total body irradiation, high-dose L-phenylalanine mustard and dianhydrogalactitol followed by reconstitution with an autologous bone marrow graft. Details of this program include problems associated with evaluation of response, i.e., evaluation of risk, determination of minimal tumor burden, avoidance of toxicity, and compensation for supportive measures during maximal therapy. Additional problems of purging bone marrow of tumor cells are considered. PMID- 3898902 TI - Erythroleukemia in a child: value of immunocytochemistry and transmission electron microscopy in its diagnosis. AB - A 4 1/2-year-old girl presented with erythroleukemia (EL) that mimicked acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). The diagnosis was established with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and immunocytochemical staining for hemoglobin. Erythroleukemia may present in childhood and may require TEM and immunocytochemistry to make the diagnosis. The correct diagnosis is extremely important since EL has a much poorer prognosis and requires entirely different therapy. Therefore, it is most important to consider EL in those cases of ALL in which the data are not clear-cut and in which the patient fails to respond. PMID- 3898901 TI - Oropharyngeal Candida prophylaxis in pediatric bone marrow transplant patients. AB - The effect of a multi-agent regimen on oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) prophylaxis in 16 consecutive pediatric bone marrow transplant patients was assessed. The multi-agent regimen consisted of: 1) debriding all mucous membrane surfaces within the oropharyngeal cavity with povidone-iodine 4 times a day, 2) swabbing all mucous membrane surfaces within the oropharyngeal cavity with nystatin 4 times a day, and 3) Ketoconazole given daily by mouth. Multi-agent regimen therapy was initiated on the day marrow ablative therapy began, and was terminated when the patient's absolute neutrophil count recovered to above 500/mm3. Baseline oropharyngeal fungal cultures indicated that 8 out of 16 (50%) of the patients were Candida carriers. Subsequent surveillance cultures indicated that 13 out of 16 (81.3%) of the patients had negative oropharyngeal fungal cultures during the entire period they were on the multi-agent regimen. The remaining three patients had negative oropharyngeal fungal cultures by the end of the experimental period. None of the patients developed Candida esophagitis or sepsis. The above regimen is an effective and non-toxic method to prevent oropharyngeal candidiasis in pediatric BMT patients. PMID- 3898903 TI - [Chronology of anti-asthma drugs]. PMID- 3898904 TI - Oral administration of grass pollen to hay fever patients. An efficacy study in oral hyposensitization. AB - Oral hyposensitization is still widely used in the treatment of allergic diseases, but controlled studies proving a beneficial effect are lacking. Fifty eight hay fever patients were admitted to a double-blind placebo efficacy study in oral hyposensitization. An enterosoluble tablet containing timothy whole pollen or placebo was taken daily. Preseasonally, the actively treated patients received 4,315,000 PNU (880,260 AUR) and totally for 6 months 8,915,000 PNU (1,818,660 AUR). Such high doses have never been tried in similar studies. A new principle has been used - "the pollen count interval method" - in the evaluation of symptom and medication score. The study failed to prove any beneficial effect of oral hyposensitization measured by symptom score, medication score, nasal provocation test or skin prick test. There was no change in timothy specific IgE and IgG which could be caused by the treatment. The possibility that oral hyposensitization might be an effective treatment of hay fever in the future is discussed, but it is concluded that the present regimens cannot be recommended. PMID- 3898905 TI - A comparison of intranasal and oral flunisolide in the therapy of allergic rhinitis. Evidence for a topical effect. AB - Intranasal flunisolide is an effective treatment for allergic rhinitis. Flunisolide has high bioavailability when administered to normal subjects (50% of an intranasal dose reaches the systemic circulation) with minimal systemic effects. Bioavailability in patients with active rhinitis averages 62.4 +/- 15.7%. The oral dose bioequivalent to 100 micrograms intranasally is 500 micrograms. To define the comparative trial and systemic effects of intranasal flunisolide in patients with active allergic rhinitis, a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted during the 1983 ragweed hayfever season. Ninety-nine patients with ragweed hayfever for greater than or equal to 2 years and positive prick skin tests to ragweed were randomly allocated to one of three treatment groups: 0 = oral flunisolide 500 micrograms b.i.d. and intranasal placebo b.i.d.; N = intranasal flunisolide 50 micrograms per nostril b.i.d. and oral placebo b.i.d.; P = intranasal and oral placebo b.i.d. Treatment continued for 4 weeks. Patients kept daily symptom scores. Patients were evaluated by a blinded observer every 2 weeks and were globally evaluated at the study's end. Data were analyzed for each center and pooled. There were no significant differences in symptom severity of sneezing, nasal congestion, and throat itch in the 0 (oral flunisolide) and P (placebo) groups. N (nasal flunisolide) was significantly more effective than O or P (P less than or equal to 0.005) for each symptom for at least one 2-week period. Global evaluation demonstrated control of overall hayfever severity for N (nasal flunisolide) but not for O (oral flunisolide). We conclude that the therapeutic efficacy of flunisolide is achieved by topical and not by systemic action. PMID- 3898906 TI - [Experimental findings on the origin of brainstem potentials. Experimental study in cats]. PMID- 3898907 TI - [Morphological and ultrastructural study of the limbic region of the tectorial membrane]. PMID- 3898908 TI - Epidural fentanyl in labour. An evaluation of the systemic contribution to analgesia. AB - In a randomized double-blind trial in the first stage of labour, 20 patients given fentanyl 80 micrograms in the epidural test dose of bupivacaine, were compared with 20 patients receiving an intravenous infusion designed to produce comparable plasma fentanyl concentrations, at the same time as their epidural test dose. Despite slightly higher plasma fentanyl concentrations in the intravenous fentanyl group, epidural fentanyl produced analgesia which was more complete, more rapid in onset and slightly longer lasting. Supplementary doses of bupivacaine were needed to produce analgesia in 75% of the intravenous and 30% of the epidural fentanyl group. It is clear that epidural fentanyl produces satisfactory pain relief when added to the epidural test dose, but that the presence of fentanyl in the systemic circulation makes a negligible contribution to analgesia. PMID- 3898909 TI - Absorption of lignocaine through split-skin donor sites. AB - Seventeen patients undergoing split-skin grafting each received 3 mg/kg of a sterile 1% lignocaine gel applied to an area of the donor site equal to 3 sq cm/kg. Serial venous blood samples were taken for one hour following application and analysed for serum lignocaine concentration by high pressure liquid chromatography. The concentrations in all the patients were well below those associated with systemic toxicity. Clinical assessment included haemodynamic monitoring during the procedure, and postoperative evaluation of possible central nervous effects and of the degree of donor site analgesia obtained. No untoward effects were noted and the degree of analgesia, although difficult to assess, appeared good. PMID- 3898910 TI - [The development of intensive medicine. A critical review]. PMID- 3898911 TI - [Pain relief in vein puncture. Application time and effectiveness of lidocaine prilocaine-cream]. AB - A 5% lidocaine-prilocaine local anaesthetic cream, EMLA (Eutectic Mixture of Local Anaesthetics), has proved to be an effective remedy for alleviation of venipuncture pain when applied to intact skin for 60 min. A shorter application time would improve the usefulness in unscheduled cases. This study was designed to evaluate the analgetic effect with shorter application times, and possible adverse reactions. EMLA and placebo were compared in a double-blind, randomized study in 110 children aged 4-16 years with application times of 20 min and longer. Application area was the antecubital fossa and the patients were not premedicated. A regression analysis showed no correlation between analgetic effect and application time. Pain scores after treatment with EMLA were statistically significantly lower than after placebo treatment (z = 5.77, p less than 0.001) irrespective of application time. Local adverse reactions consisted of transient paleness or redness of the skin, which did not constitute any clinical problem. PMID- 3898912 TI - The preparation of bacterial luciferase conjugates for immunoassay and application to rubella antibody detection. AB - Bacterial luciferase has been modified with the thiolating reagent S acetylmercaptosuccinic anhydride and covalently crosslinked to either Staphylococcus aureus protein A or anti-human immunoglobulin G (IgG) with the heterobifunctional reagent m-maleimidobenzoic acid N-hydroxysuccinimide ester. The conjugates retain enzymatic light-emitting activity and have the ability to bind IgG antibody. The ability of these conjugates to detect human IgG has been demonstrated by application to rubella immunity screening. Rubella antibodies are isolated from serum on the surface of rubella antigen-coated tubes and subsequently determined by light emitted from bound conjugate. In a preliminary study, the bioluminescent immunoassay has been compared to a commercial rubella antibody radioimmunoassay and found to be comparable in the ability to determine rubella immunity. PMID- 3898913 TI - Enzyme immunoassays of eicosanoids using acetylcholine esterase as label: an alternative to radioimmunoassay. PMID- 3898914 TI - Solvent perturbation fluorescence immunoassay technique. PMID- 3898915 TI - Pulse immunoassay for Candida albicans. PMID- 3898916 TI - Terbium chelates for fluorescence immunoassay. PMID- 3898918 TI - Gastric barotrauma: a case report and theoretical considerations. PMID- 3898917 TI - Serial section analysis of mouse hepatic peroxisomes. AB - The ultrastructure and organization of mouse hepatic peroxisomes were investigated using serial thin sections and the alkaline diaminobenzidine technique for visualization of the peroxidatic activity of catalase. Mouse periportal hepatocytes exhibit three classes of peroxisomes which display morphological and cytochemical heterogeneity: 1) large, circular to ovoid organelles containing a crystalline nucleoid, 2) small, circular to elongate, anucleoid particles, and 3) tail-like extensions which are devoid of both catalase activity (only traces of reaction deposits) and a crystalline core. Serial section analysis reveals that these profiles correspond to three diverse interconnecting peroxisomal segments which constitute a highly complex organelle. In particular, the large nucleoid-containing peroxisomal segment exhibits an intimate relationship to the endoplasmic reticulum. However, direct membrane continuities between the two compartments are never observed. With respect to the complex structure of the organelle the following conclusions can be drawn concerning biochemical studies on liver peroxisomes: 1) During homogenization and subcellular fractionation procedures, fragmentation of peroxisomes into particles of different size classes should be expected. 2) These peroxisomal fragments are inhomogeneous with respect to their matrix contents and possess at least one rupture site on their membrane surface. 3) Soluble matrix and, to a lesser degree, membrane components of peroxisomes contribute to the soluble fraction. 4) Crude microsomal fractions are regularly contaminated by peroxisomal membrane fragments. PMID- 3898919 TI - Optimization of oxygenation by CPAP during one-lung anesthesia using nitrous oxide:oxygen. PMID- 3898920 TI - Inhibition of postoperative pain by continuous low-dose intravenous infusion of lidocaine. AB - Intravenous lidocaine has been reported previously to inhibit postoperative pain when given either as single injections or as short infusions in amounts usually causing adverse reactions. To determine the efficacy of a continuous low-dose (2 mg/kg) intravenous infusion of lidocaine, postoperative pain (visual analogue pain scale) and the requirements for postoperative analgesics were measured in a double-blind randomized trial in 20 patients after cholecystectomy. Lidocaine infusion was started 30 min before the operation and continued for 24 hr after surgery (n = 10). Saline was infused in a comparable group of ten patients. The lidocaine-treated patients had significantly lower pain scores during the first day after surgery (P less than 0.001) and required significantly less meperidine during the first (P less than 0.02) and second postoperative days (P less than 0.01). No adverse reactions to lidocaine were observed. Whole blood levels of lidocaine ranged between 1 and 2 micrograms/ml. The results suggest that low-dose continuous infusions of lidocaine decrease the severity of postoperative pain and are devoid of side effects. PMID- 3898921 TI - Sensitivity of end-tidal nitrogen in venous air embolism detection in dogs. AB - Embolized nitrogen appears in alveolar gas during clinical and experimental venous air embolism (VAE). Since early detection of VAE is believed to reduce morbidity and mortality, this study was done to compare the sensitivity of end tidal nitrogen (ETN2) monitoring with other detection methods in current clinical use--precordial Doppler (PD), end-tidal CO2 (ETCO2), and pulmonary artery pressure (PAP). Ten mongrel dogs (10-17 kg) were anesthetized, placed in the supine position, immobilized, and ventilated (FIO2 1.0; PaCO2 35-40 mmHg). Anesthesia and muscle relaxation were maintained with constant infusions of thiamylal and pancuronium. Maintenance fluids were administered at 5 ml X kg-1 X h-1. Mean arterial pressure (MAP), PAP, and ETN2 and ETCO2 (Medspec II mass spectrometer) were displayed on a strip chart recorder. The dogs were divided into two equal groups and given either a step-wise sequence of 1-min air infusions (0.1-1.5 ml X kg-1 X min-1) or 5-s bolus air injections (0.25-1.0 ml X kg-1). Changes in PD sounds occurred in all animals at all air doses. Changes in cardiovascular variables and PaO2 were minimal. The threshold dose for ETCO2 and ETN2 to reach significance was 0.1 and 0.25 ml X kg-1, respectively, while PAP increases were significant at greater than 0.5 ml X kg-1 air doses. The time to maximum change (delta max) ETN2 was 30-90 s earlier than delta max ETCO2 (P less than 0.05) and 6-105 s earlier than delta max PAP. The delta max for all variables was dose related and statistically significant except for the smallest infusion VAE, where only ETCO2 was significantly changed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3898923 TI - The occurrence of the feline A blood group antigen on lymphocytes. AB - Sera from 300 cats were tested for the presence of anti-lymphocytic antibodies. One hundred and nineteen sera showed some activity with the majority (79) reacting only with lymphocytes from blood group A cats. Absorption of two such sera with A, AB and B erythrocytes and absorption of AB system reagents with lymphocytes from A and B blood group cats demonstrated that the A antigen is expressed on both erythrocytes and lymphocytes. Blood group and lymphocyte typing tests of foetuses indicated that the A antigen is present on these tissues as early as 46 days gestation. The erythrocytic B antigen could not be demonstrated on lymphocytes although a single antiserum, which reacted against lymphocytes from group B cats, was found. Several sera containing anti-lymphocytic antibodies which were not related to the AB type were also detected. PMID- 3898922 TI - Unexplained hepatitis following halothane. PMID- 3898924 TI - Membranous nephropathy associated with primary biliary cirrhosis and bullous pemphigoid. AB - Membranous nephropathy has been shown to be an immune-mediated lesion in both human and experimental animal models. Primary biliary cirrhosis and bullous pemphigoid are also diseases of probable autoimmune origin. In this brief report, a woman with all three disease entities is described and an interrelationship among the three is discussed. PMID- 3898925 TI - Comparison of intravenous salbutamol (albuterol) and aminophylline in the treatment of acute asthmatic attacks. AB - Our investigation supports the use of intravenous salbutamol as an alternative to aminophylline in the early stages of acute severe asthma. Salbutamol proved to be a marginally better bronchodilator and is likely to cause less gastrointestinal side effects than aminophylline, but tachycardia and generalized tremor are more frequent with this drug. PMID- 3898926 TI - [Hematologic changes induced by extracorporeal circulation]. AB - The plasma and cellular changes seen during the use of extracorporeal circulatory circuits define the system's degree of haemocompatibility. Heparin is still very much used to prevent activation of the blood clotting mechanisms and to reduce their effects. The fall in concentration of the clotting factors and their inhibitors is usually moderate; it is due to haemodilution, particularly important in cardiac surgery and during plasma exchanges. Fibrinolysis is often activated. In cardiac surgery, it is seen in nearly 20% of cases straight after the end of the ECC, and in nearly 80% of cases during the ECC. In all cases of resin haemoperfusion, there is an early transitory fibrinolytic burst, seen only rarely during haemodialysis and plasma exchanges. This phenomenon is usually well controlled by the natural inhibitors; it can be prevented by antifibrinolytic drugs. Cellular changes show the same trends during cardiac surgery, haemoperfusion and haemodialysis. Thrombopaenia is seen within a few minutes starting of ECC. It is caused by platelet activation, with aggregate formation; these are then trapped by the microcirculation. Leukopaenia occurs at the same time, later followed by rebound; complement activation could be the main cause by forming aggregates of polymorphonuclear cells and monocytes. Intravascular mechanical haemolysis reaches significant levels only in a few cardiac surgical procedures. The great speed of activation of the plasma and platelet enzyme systems by the ECC circuits explains these early changes. They are not only due to direct effects of the physiological circulatory characteristics and to contact with artificial surfaces, but also to plasma-cell interactions and to the patients' reaction to these first alterations. PMID- 3898927 TI - Proposed methods for the measurement of regional renal blood flow using heat transfer analysis. AB - The kidney, with its heterogeneous regional perfusion in the two anatomically and functionally distinct vascular beds of the renal cortex and medulla, and with its non-uniform blood vessel geometries, presents a unique challenge for measuring intrarenal blood flow distribution. Determining whole organ perfusion, on the other hand, is comparatively simple for the kidney, but it provides relatively little information about the suspected dependency of renal excretory function on local perfusion rate. Among the variety of methods proposed for gauging regional renal blood flow, some depend on measuring one or more of the tissue's thermal properties. The most straightforward, but least reliable, involve measurements either of focal tissue temperature alone, or of regional tissue thermal gradients. Simply using heat as a diffusible indicator, however, is unreliable as a measure of blood flow, for many of the same reasons that using an inert gas in a dilution technique is unreliable. Recently developed thermal analytical methods, though, hold promise for measuring local tissue blood flow with accuracy and precision. Two of them are reviewed here. One depends on measurement of the effective thermal conductivity of a small mass of tissue by evaluating the steady state ratio between regional unidirectional heat flux across it and the associated temperature gradient in one vector along a segment of it through an imposed spheroidal heat field. The other depends on analyses of tissue temperature decay subsequent to a controlled pulse of heat delivered through a small inserted thermistor bead. Both techniques use bioheat transfer equations to deduce regional blood flow by differentiating between heat dissipation due to local thermal conductivity and that attributable to the effects of regional convection. Although both methods are unavoidably invasive, neither produces debilitating damage in the tissue volume in which perfusion is measured, nor increases local temperature or metabolism enough to affect blood flow itself. Both techniques quantify local blood flow in small volumes of tissue by detailed evaluation of the many properties of tissue and blood which affect heat transfer, and both allow for a virtually unlimited number of nearly continuous sequential measurements at short (nom. 1 min) time intervals. PMID- 3898928 TI - Regional, segmental, and temporal heterogeneity of cerebral vascular autoregulation. AB - Autoregulation of cerebral blood flow is heterogeneous in several ways: regional, segmental, and temporal. We have found regional heterogeneity of the autoregulatory response during both acute reductions and increases in systemic arterial pressure. Changes in blood flow are less in brain stem than in cerebrum during decreases and increases in cerebral perfusion pressure. Segmental heterogeneity of autoregulation has been demonstrated in two ways. Direct determination of segmental cerebral vascular resistance indicates that, while small cerebral vessels (less than 200 micron in diameter) make a major contribution to autoregulation during acute increases in pressure between 80 and 100 mm Hg, the role of large cerebral arteries (greater than 200 micron) becomes increasingly important to the autoregulatory response at pressures above 100 mm Hg. Measurement of changes in diameter of pial vessels has shown that, during acute hypotension, autoregulation occurs predominantly in small resistance vessels (less than 100 micron). Finally, there is temporal heterogeneity of autoregulation. Sudden increases in arterial pressure produce transient increases in blood flow, which are not observed under steady-state conditions. In addition, the blood-brain barrier is more susceptible to hypertensive disruption after rapid, compared to step-wise, increases in arterial pressure. Thus, when investigating cerebral vascular autoregulation, regional, segmental, and temporal differences in the autoregulatory response must be taken into consideration. PMID- 3898929 TI - The biology of wound repair and infection: a personal odyssey. PMID- 3898930 TI - Single-dose ceftriaxone treatment of urinary tract infections. AB - Single-dose antibiotic therapy for urinary tract infections in which no underlying structural or neurologic lesions are present holds the promise of greater patient compliance and convenience. We present the results of a study comparing a single intramuscular dose of a long-acting, third-generation cephalosporin, ceftriaxone, with a standard, five-day regimen of trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole (TMS). Fifty-two patients were entered into the study. After randomization, 26 were assigned to the TMS group and 26 were assigned to the ceftriaxone group. Of the patients who completed the study, 13 of the TMS group had positive cultures at the time of initial presentation, and 20 of the ceftriaxone group had positive cultures. There was no statistical difference between the groups in symptoms of dysuria, hematuria, frequency, flank pain, and nocturia (alpha = .05). The physical parameters of age, blood pressure, pulse, and temperature were similar in the two groups (alpha = .05), as were the types of infecting organisms (alpha = .05). When comparing the two regimens, the ceftriaxone group cure rate (18 of 20, 90%) was not found to be significantly different from that of the TMS-treated control group (13 of 13) (alpha = .05). PMID- 3898931 TI - Feline model for the study of frozen osteoarticular hemijoint transplantation: qualitative and quantitative assessment of bone healing. AB - Twenty-four outbred cats underwent massive osteoarticular allograft and control autograft transplantation, using the right distal femur with its articular cartilage, capsule, and medial collateral ligament intact. The cats were monitored clinically and radiographically for 1 year. Groups of cats (4 allografts and 2 control autografts) were euthanatized at 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12 month intervals. At necropsy, the grafts were photographed and assessed for bone healing and replacement by standard radiography, quantitative 99mTc bone scans, microradiography, and histologic examination of decalcified and nondecalcified specimens. The osteosynthesis site of the allografts usually healed by 5 months, compared with the autografts that healed by 3 months. As illustrated by quantitative bone scans, creeping appositional new bone slowly invaded and replaced the allograft bone. Seemingly, the cat can be used as an acceptable and clinically comparable model for the massive osteoarticular allografts currently being used for the reconstruction of joints damaged or destroyed by neoplasm surgery in limb-sparing procedures in human beings. This model may also be used to assess the rate and method of bone healing. PMID- 3898932 TI - High-yield preparation of purified Anaplasma marginale from infected bovine red blood cells. AB - Purification of Anaplasma marginale from infected bovine RBC was achieved through enzyme treatment and density-gradient centrifugation. A relative yield of 41.6% was obtained by dividing the number of organisms in the final purified preparation by the number of A marginale-infected RBC. Purified parasites were verified as A marginale by light microscopy, electron microscopy, and immunologic tests. The purified parasites reacted positively with calf and rabbit anti-A marginale sera in interfacial and slide agglutination tests. Anti-bovine RBC serum did not agglutinate purified A marginale, indicating absence of any contaminating RBC stroma. Anaplasma marginale was antigenic, but did not cause infection when the preparation was inoculated into a susceptible calf. The density of A marginale was determined to be 1.19 g/ml and cell diameters ranged from 0.25 to 0.63 micron. This method provided procedures for obtaining A marginale free of bovine RBC antigens for accurate biochemical assays and vaccine production. PMID- 3898933 TI - A porcine-murine hybridoma that secretes porcine monoclonal antibody of defined specificity. AB - Spleen cells from a pig hyperimmunized with Escherichia coli were fused with nonproducer mouse plasmacytoma cells. Stable hybridoma lines secreting porcine immunoglobulins were obtained. One line secreted monoclonal porcine immunoglobulin G, which reacted specifically with E coli in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and precipitated a polypeptide of molecular weight of 50,000. This is the first report of a stable porcine-murine hybridoma producing porcine antibody of defined specificity. PMID- 3898934 TI - Endotoxic shock in the awake young pig: absence of beneficial effect of prednisolone sodium succinate treatment. AB - In nonanesthetized young pigs, the influence of prednisolone sodium succinate therapy on a 65% lethal dose of Escherichia coli endotoxin was studied by evaluating clinical signs, several hemodynamic variables, survival rate, and changes seen at necropsy. Endotoxin infusion induced reproducible clinical signs characterized by nausea, vomiting, dyspnea, cyanosis, and moderate excitement followed by severe CNS depression. Among the hemodynamic variables, there were decreases in arterial blood pressure and cardiac output and increases in pulmonary arterial pressure, heart rate, and total peripheral and pulmonary vascular resistances. Core temperature and arterial pH did not change significantly. Survival rate at 30 hours after the start of the endotoxin infusion was 35%. According to the necropsy, marked edema and hemorrhages were in several organs. Treating the experimental animals with prednisolone sodium succinate (3 injections of 10 mg/kg of body weight after the start of the endotoxin infusion) did not influence any of the monitored hemodynamic variables, except for arterial blood pressure, which was higher at the end of the hemodynamic recording period (270 minutes after the start of the endotoxin infusion). Clinical signs, survival rate, and changes at necropsy were similar in both treated and nontreated pigs. This lack of effect can be due to an inappropriate dosage of the steroid or failure of steroid treatment to alleviate endotoxin-mediated effects. PMID- 3898935 TI - Congress reaches agreement on budget figures. PMID- 3898936 TI - Do sex-related differences in spatial abilities exist? A multilevel critique with new data. PMID- 3898938 TI - Animal awareness. Current perceptions and historical perspective. PMID- 3898937 TI - Galton's data a century later. PMID- 3898939 TI - Psychoanalysis arrives in America. The 1909 psychology conference at Clark University. PMID- 3898940 TI - Indicators of risk, course, and prognosis in adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) PMID- 3898941 TI - Effects of OKY-046, a selective thromboxane synthetase inhibitor, on endotoxin induced lung injury in unanesthetized sheep. AB - We tested the effects of OKY-046, a selective thromboxane synthetase inhibitor, on endotoxin-induced lung injury in unanesthetized sheep in order to evaluate the role of thromboxane (Tx) in this injury. Escherichia coli endotoxin (1 microgram/kg) infusion produced a biphasic response. The early period (Phase 1) was a transient pulmonary hypertension. The late period (Phase 2) was a more prolonged period characterized by a marked high flow of lung lymph with a high concentration of protein, suggesting increased pulmonary vascular permeability. During Phase 1, there were remarkable increases in TxB2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha concentrations in lung lymph and in plasma samples obtained from the pulmonary artery (PA) and the left atrium (LA). The increase in plasma TxB2 level of the LA was greater than that of the PA. During Phase 2, TxB2 levels returned to the baseline values, whereas 6-keto-PGF1 alpha levels remained elevated. Pretreatment with OKY-046 prevented the pulmonary hypertension and increases in TxB2 levels during Phase 1. However, OKY-046 had little effect on lung lymph balance during Phase 2. We conclude that the early pulmonary hypertension induced by endotoxin is mediated mainly by release of TxA2 from the lungs, and TxA2 is not attributed to the increased pulmonary permeability during the late period. PMID- 3898942 TI - Biochemical and pathologic evidence for proteolytic destruction of lung connective tissue in cystic fibrosis. AB - The risk for proteolysis of lung connective tissue was evaluated in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) with chronic, severe lung infections by measuring uninhibited elastase activity in sputum samples and urinary excretion of desmosines (cross-linking amino acids in elastin). Of the 16 patients included in the study, 11 were infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 2 with Pseudomonas cepacia, and 2 with both P. aeruginosa and P. cepacia. Uninhibited elastase activity (0.34 to 20.2 micrograms elastin degraded/mg protein/30 min) was detected in the sputum samples from each of 13 patients tested. Serine elastase activity was detected in the sputum of each of 12 patients, and metalloelastase (P. aeruginosa elastase and possibly macrophage elastase) activity was detected in the sputum of 11 of 12 patients tested. Male patients with CF excreted significantly more elastin cross-links (desmosines) in their urine than did control male subjects (3.6 +/- 1.7 micrograms/kg/24 h versus 1.5 +/- 0.6 micrograms/kg/24 h; p less than 0.01), and there was a significant correlation (p less than 0.05) between urine desmosine excretion and the severity of lung disease in the patients with CF as indicated by chest roentgenogram score. In 3 autopsied patients, abnormal elastin fibers were seen by light microscopy in all lung compartments. Fragmented and exfoliated elastin, evidence of active elastolysis, was noted in bronchial ulcers and abscesses. The results of this study suggest that proteolytic destruction of lung connective tissue is an ongoing process in the chronically infected CF lung and that this proteolysis contributes to the pathologic changes observed in airways and alveolar parenchyma. PMID- 3898943 TI - A fibrinolytic inhibitor of human alveolar macrophages. Induction with endotoxin. AB - Alveolar macrophages are intimately involved with fibrin during the course of acute and chronic inflammatory processes in the lung. In this study, the capability of macrophages to impede fibrinolysis was investigated. Human alveolar macrophages obtained by lavage from normal volunteers released a fibrinolytic inhibitor during the first 24 h of in vitro culture but only inconsistently and in some cases (7 of 15) not at all. Lysates of freshly lavaged cells had no activity. Endotoxin, 5 to 100 ng/ml, consistently induced intracellular accumulation and extracellular release of a fibrinolytic inhibitor by cultured macrophages. Induction required protein synthesis. The intracellular and secreted forms of the inhibitor were true plasminogen activator (PA) inhibitors, as judged by their ability to block urokinase-mediated conversion of 125I-plasminogen. On average, 10(7) endotoxin-stimulated macrophages secreted sufficient PA inhibitor during a 24-h culture in vitro to neutralize 2 picomoles urokinase (16 international units). Analysis of the interaction of the human macrophage PA inhibitor with 125I-urokinase (apparent size, 33 kilodaltons) by SDS-gel electrophoresis showed that the enzyme and inhibitor mostly dissociated in SDS, but a stable complex occurred at 60 to 65 kilodaltons and a broad band of enzyme or enzyme-inhibitor complexes between 33 and 40 kilodaltons. Either heat treatment of the inhibitor or active site inhibition of urokinase with p nitrophenylguanidinobenzoate blocked both types of interaction. The pattern of interaction was virtually indistinguishable from that of a partially purified human placental urokinase inhibitor but different from that of serum protease inhibitors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3898944 TI - Slope of the dose-response curve to inhaled histamine and methacholine and PC20 in subjects with symptoms of airway hyperexcitability and in normal subjects. AB - Slopes of the dose-response curves to inhaled histamine or methacholine and PC20 were compared in 14 subjects with symptoms of bronchial hyperexcitability and in 10 normal subjects. Slopes were obtained by analyzing curves with 3 to 6 points by the least squares method. Only curves with satisfactory correlation coefficients corresponding to p values less than 0.05 were kept for analysis. Twelve of the 14 subjects with symptoms of bronchial hyperexcitability and 1 of the 10 normal subjects had slopes greater than 20 (percent change in FEV1/log histamine or methacholine concentration) (chi-square = 13.5, p less than 0.001). Eleven of the 14 subjects with symptoms of bronchial hyperexcitability and 1 of the 10 normal subjects had PC20 results less than or equal to 16 mg/ml (chi square = 11.0, p less than 0.001). It is concluded that, using the method described in our study, slopes of the dose-response curve to inhaled histamine or methacholine are different in subjects with and without symptoms of bronchial hyperexcitability. PMID- 3898945 TI - Upper airway response during bronchoprovocation and asthma attack. AB - We measured laryngeal resistance (Rla), upper airway resistance (Ruaw), and lower respiratory resistance below the larynx (Rlrs) during methacholine and histamine provocation in 10 normal and 12 asthmatic subjects. In another 10 asthmatic subjects, Rla was measured during medication for spontaneous asthma attack. The Rla was measured with the low-frequency sound method (see reference 9). Direct measurements of Ruaw and Rlrs were obtained using the 3-Hz forced oscillation technique with a needle inserted below the cricoid cartilage. In normal subjects, Ruaw increased in proportion to the increase in Rlrs during methacholine and histamine provocation. In asthmatic subjects, control Ruaw was higher than the control Ruaw in normal subjects (p less than 0.001) and Ruaw did not change despite an increase in Rlrs during methacholine and histamine provocation. After medication for spontaneous asthma attack, Rla decreased in proportion to the decrease in total respiratory resistance (Rrs). We conclude that in asthmatic subjects, Rla contributes to an increase in Rrs during both the nonspasmodic period and the spontaneous asthma attack but does not do so during bronchoprovocation, probably because the larynx is less sensitive than the lower respiratory tract. PMID- 3898946 TI - Bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Unresolved neonatal acute lung injury. PMID- 3898947 TI - One hundred forty-five years of surgery at the Medical College of Virginia. AB - The surgical history of one teaching institution, the Medical College of Virginia, reflects the evolution of academic surgery from the initial efforts of gifted and dedicated surgeons who volunteered their efforts to the establishment of full-time positions for surgeons who dared to try new approaches to clinical problems. It is also a record of progress in surgery despite major wars, political intrigue, and inflated egos. From Warner to Hume, it is a story of obstacles surmounted, theories challenged, students inspired, and patients benefited. PMID- 3898948 TI - Elective lymph node dissection in stage I melanoma--necessary or not? AB - The management of patients with malignant melanoma is somewhat controversial. The most important prognostic factor is depth of invasion. Criteria by both Clark and Breslow are of value. Therapy must not be "standardized," but individualized for each patient. PMID- 3898949 TI - Prophylaxis for acute stress ulcers. Antacids or cimetidine. AB - Two hundred and forty-nine patients are divided into four homogenous groups to compare the efficacy of Cimetidine versus antacids, as well as the mode of delivery--bolus versus continuous drip--in the prophylaxis of acute hemorrhagic gastritis in critically ill patients. Antacids were favored over Cimetidine, and the continuous drip was the superior method with both drugs. PMID- 3898950 TI - Facial edema and eosinophilia. Evidence for eosinophil degranulation. AB - Two patients had recurrent facial edema and peripheral blood eosinophilia. One patient showed a marked increase in the serum level of the eosinophil granule major basic protein. In both patients, skin biopsy samples showed nonspecific mononuclear cell inflammation with few eosinophils. However, immunofluorescence staining showed extracellular localization of the major basic protein within the dermis, similar to that previously shown in chronic urticaria and the recently described syndrome of episodic angioedema with eosinophilia. These observations provide further evidence that degranulation of eosinophils occurs in the skin and suggest that eosinophil mediators may play a role in the development of cutaneous edema. PMID- 3898951 TI - Cryptococcosis in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. AB - The clinical course and response to therapy of 27 patients with cryptococcosis and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome were reviewed. Cryptococcosis was the initial manifestation of the syndrome in 7 patients, and the initial opportunistic infection in an additional 7. Meningitis was the commonest clinical feature (18 patients). Blood cultures and serum cryptococcal antigen were frequently positive. In patients with meningitis, leukocyte count, protein level, and glucose level in cerebrospinal fluid were frequently normal; cerebrospinal fluid India ink test (82%), culture (100%), and cryptococcal antigen (100%) were usually positive. Only 10 of 24 patients had no evidence of clinical activity of cryptococcal infection after completion of therapy; 6 of these 10 had relapses shown by clinical findings or at autopsy. Standard courses of amphotericin B alone or combined with flucytosine were ineffective. Cryptococcosis in patients with the syndrome is a debilitating disease that does not respond to conventional therapy; earlier diagnosis or long-term suppressive therapy may improve the prognosis. PMID- 3898953 TI - Hypothalamic dysfunction associated with hemochromatosis. PMID- 3898952 TI - Fluorescent antinuclear antibodies and anti-SS-A/Ro in patients with immune thrombocytopenia subsequently developing systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 3898954 TI - Imipenem: first of a new class of beta-lactam antibiotics. AB - Imipenem, the first of a new class of carbapenem antibiotics, has potent activity against most clinically important species of bacteria, including isolates resistant to other antibiotics. The drug is well distributed to most tissues and fluids after intravenous administration; however, levels in cerebrospinal fluid are modest. Most of the drug is eliminated in the urine, where it is metabolized by an enzyme on the brush border of the renal tubular cells; cilastatin is given simultaneously to inhibit this inactivation. Adverse effects include a syndrome of nausea and hypotension, especially after rapid intravenous infusion, and a predisposition to seizures in certain high-risk patients. Superinfections by resistant bacteria and fungi are infrequent. This new drug may be particularly useful in the treatment of infections caused by mixtures of bacteria for which a combination of antibiotics, often including an aminoglycoside, would otherwise be necessary. Examples include pulmonary, intra-abdominal, and soft-tissue infections. PMID- 3898955 TI - Autoantibodies against thyroid hormones or iodothyronine. Implications in diagnosis, thyroid function, treatment, and pathogenesis. AB - The presence of antithyroid hormone autoantibodies in the sera of patients with thyroid and nonthyroid disorders is a well-known condition. When circulating thyroid hormones bind to the patients' immunoglobulins, serum levels of total and free thyroid hormones are often in discordance with clinical features. This problem occurs because the autoantibodies can interfere with radioimmunoassays. To avoid inappropriate treatment of such patients, it is clinically important to consider the presence of autoantibodies in patients with unexpectedly high or low total and free thyroid hormone values. We have reviewed the English and Japanese literature, both case reports and basic works, and summarize the incidence of antithyroid hormone autoantibodies, clinical features, effects on appropriate testing of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis, diagnostic methods for confirming their presence of autoantibodies, treatment of patients with these disorders, and possible pathogenetic mechanisms. PMID- 3898956 TI - Apheresis in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy and in renal transplantation. Health and Public Policy Committee, American College of Physicians. PMID- 3898957 TI - Benign gastric ulcer and cimetidine: questions about study design. PMID- 3898958 TI - Penicillamine, captopril, and hypoglycemia. PMID- 3898959 TI - Chlamydia trachomatis in the pharynx. PMID- 3898960 TI - [The madnesses of Zola II. Madness interaction in "La Joie de Vivre". 2. Psychopathology and relational anthropology]. AB - In The gladness of life (La joie de vivre) madnesses are in full interaction with the anthropological relations. The personnages are tied by pacts and alliances with psychopathological emergencies. Two personnages have to be considered: Lazare-Zola and Pauline-Zola. For Lazare we must analyse the thymic alternances: the expansivity and the phobic and obsessionnel symptoms. For Pauline, we must remark the steps of a anthropogenic way, who is very near of a real psychictherapy. PMID- 3898961 TI - [Group relaxation therapy applied to psychotics]. PMID- 3898962 TI - [Apropos of a village of the deranged. Debate on Gheel in the Medico Psychological Society around 1860]. PMID- 3898963 TI - Epithelialization of the anterior chamber as a complication of penetrating keratoplasty. AB - Only a few cases of anterior chamber epithelialization after penetrating keratoplasty have been reported, and in most of these the keratoplasty had been preceded by another event that could have been the cause of the process. In the patient whose case we are reporting here, epithelialization of the anterior chamber developed after penetrating keratoplasty. PMID- 3898964 TI - Reversal of wound strength retardation by addition of insulin to corticosteroid therapy. AB - Corticosteroids are known to retard the healing of corneal stromal wounds as well as to have positive anti-inflammatory effects. This study was designed to see if the addition of insulin to dexamethasone, administered subconjunctivally bid, would maintain dexamethasone's anti-inflammatory effect without inhibiting the healing (as measured by the wound bursting pressure) of a laboratory-inflicted 3 mm through-and-through central incision in the rabbit cornea. The results of a study involving 43 animals (86 eyes) showed the wounds to be significantly stronger in the insulin/dexamethasone-treated eyes than in the dexamethasone treated eyes. The same anti-inflammatory effect was achieved with either protocol. Its mechanism of action is undetermined. PMID- 3898965 TI - [Secondary reconstruction of the buccal floor by total skin graft after noninterruptive pelvimandibulectomy]. AB - A technique of secondary reconstruction of the buccal floor after non interruptive pelvimandibulectomy by thin-split skin graft enables insertion of a dental prosthesis to assist functional recovery. Results of 21 grafts of this type performed at the Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France are analyzed, this operative procedure enabling 14 of these patients to start taking solid food again. PMID- 3898966 TI - [Immunopathological study of bullous pemphigoid, cicatricial pemphigoid and herpes gestationis]. AB - The entity of the Duhring-Brocq's disease (11, 12, 20) has be cut off by the immunofluorescence (7, 39, 40). We have studied three of the diseases which originally were included in this description: bullous pemphigoid (BP), cicacial pemphigoid (CP) and herpes gestationis (HG). This work is at the same time prospective and retrospective. The linear IgA dermatosis are excluded (17). PMID- 3898967 TI - [Ultrastructural study of a case of Miescher-Leder granulomatosis disciformis chronica et progressiva]. AB - Ultrastructural study of a case of granulomatosis disciformis occurring on the legs of a 62-year-old woman. The diagnosis is based upon the contrast between the clinical aspect of necrobiosis lipoidica and the histologic aspect of inflammatory granulomatous infiltrate of dermis without necrobiosis nor palisading. Electron microscopic findings are: perivascular mixed cell infiltrate and histiocytic granuloma with lysosomial and phagocytic activity; degenerative and necrotic cellular alterations; modifications of collagen fibres with two types of fibres: the thinnest are the most numerous and have a mean diameter of 50 nm, the thickest of 110 nm; no significant lesions of capillary walls. These findings suggest the following succession of pathological events: cellular necrosis, lysosomial and phagocytic activity, scarring. Some descriptions of necrobiosis lipoidica and granuloma annulare seem to be quite similar and our findings are in favour of the unity of these three illnesses. PMID- 3898968 TI - [Malignant hemangioendothelioma of the head in the elderly. Ultrastructural and immunohistological study]. AB - Malignant haemangioendothelioma of the scalp of the elderly (MHS) is a relatively rate entity. A new case of this uncommon condition, which was subjected to an ultrastructural and immunohistological study, is reported herein. PMID- 3898969 TI - Correlation of clinical findings, duplex carotid artery scanning and CT scanning of the brain in 54 consecutive patients with bruits over the carotid artery bifurcation. AB - Fifty-four patients presenting consecutively with bruits over the carotid artery bifurcation have been studied by Duplex ultrasonography of the carotid artery and CT of the brain. The patients were divided into symptomatic (transient ischaemic attacks (TIA), non-focal neurological symptoms, minor and major strokes) and asymptomatic groups. The duplex scans were subdivided into those showing a greater than 50% stenosis of the internal carotid artery and those with a less than 50% stenosis. The CT brain scans were subdivided into those showing evidence of cerebral infarction and those without. Symptomatic patients were found to be more likely to have an area of cerebral infarction than asymptomatic ones (P = 0.0086 Fisher's Exact Test). Patients with a significant stenosis (greater than 50%) of the internal carotid artery were more likely to have an ipsilateral cerebral infarction on CT than patients with a minor stenosis (less than 50% stenosis) (P = 0.028 Fisher's Exact Test). Three patients (two with TIA's and one with non-focal neurological symptoms) were found to have unsuspected cerebral infarcts on CT of the brain. These patients could theoretically be at risk following carotid endarterectomy and revascularization if the infarct were an early one. Patients with non-focal neurological symptoms and carotid bruit were more likely to have a significant stenosis than asymptomatic patients with carotid bruit (P = 0.0069 Fisher's Exact Test). Therapy should be directed at the carotid artery lesion in these cases. Duplex scanning of the carotid artery bifurcation may be combined usefully with CT brain scanning in the non-invasive investigation of patients with symptomatic extracranial carotid artery bruits. PMID- 3898970 TI - Preoperative intraincisional cefamandole reduces wound infection and postoperative inpatient stay in upper abdominal surgery. AB - The use of preoperative intraincisional (POII) single dose antibiotic prophylaxis has the advantage of providing extremely high concentrations of antibiotic along all layers of the wound, whilst achieving adequate systemic concentrations throughout the operation. In a single blind controlled trial, 250 patients undergoing upper abdominal surgery were randomised to receive POII cefamandole (2g) or to act as control. There was one wound infection in the POII group compared with 18 in the control group (P less than 0.001). Hospital stay was reduced by an average of one day (P less than 0.02) in the antibiotic treated group. PMID- 3898971 TI - John Hunter to Edward Jenner: a lost letter discovered. PMID- 3898972 TI - Measurement of blood glucose. PMID- 3898973 TI - A comparison of the measurement of sodium and potassium by flame photometry and ion-selective electrode. AB - Although sodium and potassium have been the most commonly assayed analytes by clinical chemists for many years there have been fewer analytical principles used routinely than for most other analytes. The introduction of the direct-reading ion-selective electrode has led to a re-examination of the basic concepts of the methods involved, and this in turn to a reassessment of the interpretation of the measurement of sodium in certain clinical situations. As a result there is a case for all clinical chemistry laboratories having access to a direct-reading ion selective electrode for sodium estimation. PMID- 3898974 TI - Preparation, extraction and high performance liquid chromatography of cyclosporin A from plasma that contains interfering compounds. AB - Cyclosporin A (CyA) in human plasma-containing interfering compounds was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) after the plasma had been subjected to incubation with proteinase K. This hydrolytic enzyme did not hydrolyse the cyclosporins and was therefore an ideal aid in eliminating interfering peptides selectively. The use of Extrelut as an extraction aid contributed much to higher yields of cyclosporins. Ethyl acetate, the extraction solvent used, gave less complex profiles on HPLC chromatograms than other solvents (eg diethyl ether and methanol) and contributed to a shorter chromatographic period per sample, an advantage in repetitive determinations. PMID- 3898975 TI - Direct detection of Chlamydia trachomatis in clinical samples. AB - Some properties of a monoclonal antibody raised against the major outer membrane protein of Chlamydia trachomatis strain L2 are described. The antibody was fluorescein (FITC) conjugated and was provided as a diagnostic kit (Chlamyset Antigen Test, Orion Diagnostica). The monoclonal antibody reacted well with strains K, L1, L2, D, E, and G, and moderately well with the strains F, C, J, A, H and I of C. trachomatis. It did not react with the human C. psittaci strain Tw 183. The reagent had a sensitivity of 89.3% and a specificity of 98.7% when compared to parallel isolation in tissue culture. The monoclonal reagent seemed to be sensitive and very specific for rapid detection of Chlamydia trachomatis in clinical samples. PMID- 3898976 TI - The treatment of Gardnerella vaginalis vaginosis: a randomized comparison of pivampicillin with metronidazole. AB - The efficacy of pivampicillin and metronidazole were compared in the treatment of Gardnerella vaginalis associated bacterial vaginosis. In a multicenter trial 86 women were given pivampicillin (P) 700 mg twice daily for 6 days and 86 women received metronidazole (M) 400 mg three times daily for 7 days. At control, 2 weeks from the start of treatment, patients in group P showed the best clinical results, 77.9% in group P vs. 64.0% in group M (p = 0.066). P showed a higher clinical efficacy than M, both in women using intra-uterine device and in patients using other forms of contraception. Negative post-treatment cultures were seen in 43% of women in group P and 64% in group M (p less than 0.002). Bacteriological cure was unrelated to disappearance of discharge, odour and itching, although it correlated significantly with a negative amine test (p less than 0.00005). Pivampicillin in the dosages used in the present investigation is a useful alternative to metronidazole therapy. PMID- 3898977 TI - Insulin secretory capacity in Singapore diabetic subjects. AB - The determination of serum C-peptide has been found to be a sensitive indicator of endogenous insulin secretion, and serves to define diabetic patients who require insulin therapy i.e., insulin-dependent (Type I, IDDM) and those non insulin dependent (Type II, NIDDM). The aim of our study is to establish the types of diabetes mellitus with C-peptide measurement in a group of diabetic subjects on different modes of therapy. Eighty-eight diabetic patients (60 males, 28 females) were studied. Thirty-four were on insulin (age 40 +/- 2 years; means +/- SEM), 35 on oral agents (54 +/- 1 years), and 19 on diet alone (46 +/- 3 years). Twenty healthy subjects (10 males, 10 females) serve as normal controls (37 +/- 3 years). Blood samples for serum C-peptide and blood glucose estimations were obtained after an overnight fast and one hour after a 75 grams oral glucose load. Fasting C-peptide levels obtained for the various groups were: 0.62 +/- 0.07 (nmol/L, means +/- SEM) (normal), 0.16 +/- 0.02 (insulin), 0.79 +/- 0.06 (oral), 2.15 +/- 0.15 (diet). The C-peptide values after oral glucose were 1.80 +/- 0.20 (normal), 0.23 +/- 0.05 (insulin), 1.72 +/- 0.02 (oral), 2.15 +/- 0.15 (diet). Both the fasting and post-glucose C-peptide concentrations were significantly lower (p less than 0.001) in the insulin group compared to the normals, whereas values for the diet and oral groups were not significantly different.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3898978 TI - Platelet sensitivity to prostacyclin in diabetes mellitus. AB - Platelet sensitivity to prostacyclin was studied in 30 diabetic patients with type-II (insulin-independent) diabetes mellitus; 12 with and 18 without clinical evidence of vascular disease and in 10 healthy, normal volunteers. Platelets from diabetics, with and without peripheral vascular disease were significantly less sensitive to the antiaggregatory effects of prostacyclin as compared to platelets from normal, healthy volunteers (p less than 0.001). The findings of a decreased platelet sensitivity to prostacyclin in diabetics without vascular disease, suggests that this abnormality is a feature of diabetes mellitus, rather than a feature of established vascular disease. It may therefore be one of the factors responsible for the increased platelet aggregation that has been observed in diabetes mellitus. PMID- 3898979 TI - Infections in diabetes with special reference to diabetics in Singapore. AB - Most physicians believe that the diabetic patient is predisposed to infections and that infections complicate the control of the diabetes. Despite the lack of scientific proof, certain infections (such as tuberculosis, bacteriuria in females, malignant external otitis, rhinocerebral mucormycosis, emphysematous cholecystitis, emphysematous pyelonephritis, acute papillary necrosis etc) are widely regarded to be associated with the diabetic. Foot infections, infections of the respiratory tract and the urinary tract are very important in the diabetic. The reasons why diabetics are susceptible to infections are unclear: although the production of humoral antibody appear intact, defective function of the polymorphonuclear leucocytes has been demonstrated. Successful treatment of infections in the diabetic requires early and exact diagnosis, the exhibition of the correct antimicrobials, the treatment of the diabetic state and associated disorders and prompt surgical intervention where required. Good control of blood glucose in diabetic patients is a desirable goal in the prevention of certain infections and to ensure maintenance of normal host defense mechanisms that determine resistance and response to infection. PMID- 3898980 TI - Insulin antibodies in diabetics after changeover from conventional NPH to highly purified insulin. AB - The levels of insulin binding immunoglobulin (IgG) were determined by the method of Christiansen in 12 diabetics who were previously treated with conventional beef-pork NPH insulin for at least 6 months. High titers of IgG were found in 9 patients, moderately high in one, and low level in two according to grouping categories. No relationships among insulin dosage, duration of insulin therapy and levels of IgG were demonstrated. After changing over to highly purified insulin (monocomponent-pork insulin) the titers of IgG dropped within 3 months in 10 patients, within one year in 2. The IgG decreased significantly after one year in all cases. The reduction of insulin dosage did not correlate with the decrease of IgG during the 2-year-period of study. Lipoatrophy disappeared in 2 patients. The benefit of long term use of monocomponent insulin in improvement of diabetic control, reduction or delay of chronic complications remains to be investigated. PMID- 3898981 TI - Reversal of azoospermia in an insulin dependent diabetic. AB - A 32-year old Chinese man with insulin dependent diabetes developed impotence and infertility with total azoospermia. The azoospermia was reversed following improved diabetic control with soluble insulin three times daily. With the reversal of azoospermia, his wife conceived five months later. PMID- 3898982 TI - Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion: its rationale, effectiveness, limitations and role in the treatment of child and adolescent diabetics. AB - CSII therapy is an attempt to deliver insulin physiologically and to some extent this has been achieved. It is able to reduce blood glucose and HbA1C to normal or near normal level, and correct many other metabolic and functional abnormalities. However, it seems unable to reverse established microangiopathic complications, and may possibly make it worse as in the case of microangiopathy of the retina. Its success depends on the patients' willingness to commit themselves to an intensified programme involving re-education of their knowledge of diabetes, diet and HBGM. Before embarking on CSII therapy, patients should be informed of the other intensified programmes available which give comparable results. PMID- 3898983 TI - Islet cell autoantibodies and insulin-dependent (type I) diabetes mellitus. AB - The presence of circulating islet cell autoantibodies (ICA) in a large majority of patients with newly diagnosed insulin-dependent (type I) diabetes mellitus (IDDM) suggests that autoimmune mechanisms may be associated with the loss of B cells in IDDM. Such ICA represent a heterogeneous group of antibodies which react with different cells within the islets as well as various cytoplasmic and membrane epitopes on single islet cells. These ICA are even detected prior to the development of overt diabetes, suggesting that the destruction of B cells may occur long before diabetes becomes clinically manifest. Immunotherapy, directed towards modifying this destructive process, has recently been attempted in humans, with the aim of retarding or even preventing the development of diabetes. Preliminary data have not shown any clear benefit from such intervention. However, in the spontaneously diabetic Bio-Breeding (BB) Wistar rat, a widely studied animal model for IDDM, favourable response to immunotherapy has been reported. PMID- 3898984 TI - Hypoglycaemia in diabetes mellitus. AB - Hypoglycaemia in diabetes mellitus, occurring as a complication of treatment with insulin or oral hypoglycaemia drug therapy or spontaneously as a result of other medical conditions, is a frequent clinical problem. This paper will discuss the common causes of hypoglycaemia in diabetes mellitus, principles of treatment and prevention. PMID- 3898985 TI - Insulin receptors: their roles in the pathogenesis and management of type II diabetes mellitus. AB - In Type II Diabetes Mellitus associated with insulin resistance, the defect is in insulin action. This may take the form of decreased insulin sensitivity, responsiveness, or both. The decrease in insulin binding is due to a decrease in the number of insulin receptors per cell. When the obese Type II diabetic loses weight after being on a weight reducing diet, the insulin sensitivity abnormality is restored towards normal. In so doing the number of insulin receptors per adipocyte or monocyte is restored towards normal. The effect of exercise on insulin binding in skeletal muscles of Type II diabetics has not been studied. Recent experiments in rodents and humans indicate that insulin binding is not affected by acute exercise but the post-receptor events are increased. Finally oral hypoglycemic medications can increase the insulin sensitivity and/or the insulin responsiveness of various tissues. PMID- 3898986 TI - Galloway memorial lecture. Platelet injury and antithrombin III in clinical nephrology. AB - Plasma Antithrombin III (AT III) has been shown to be elevated in certain conditions like diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease as well as in situations where there is increased platelet turnover. This study attempts to define the role of platelet injury in Clinical Nephrology and assesses the clinical value of ATT III. In IgA Nephritis, plasma AT III levels (105 +/- 10%) in 97 patients were higher than those of normal controls (96 +/- 5%) (p less than 0.0005). AT III levels were significantly correlated with proteinuria (p less than 0.0001), segmental sclerosis (p less than 0.01), crescents (p less than 0.01), medial hypertrophy (p less than 0.001) and intensity of IgA staining on IMF (p less than 0.02). Patients with IgA nephritis with raised AT III had more proteinuria (p less than 0.003), more segmental sclerosis (p less than 0.007) as well as a greater intensity of IgA on IMG (p less than 0.02) when compared to patients with normal AT III levels. The data suggest that plasma AT III may serve as a marker of disease activity in IgA nephritis. Plasma AT III levels in hemodialysis patients, low prior to dialysis, improved after dialysis (p less than 0.01). Pre and post hemodialysis platelet counts however did not change significantly. In peritoneal dialysis patients, AT III levels which were normal before dialysis, increased significantly after peritoneal dialysis (p less than 0.01). The platelet counts before and after peritoneal dialysis also improved (p less than 0.005). No correlation was found between AT III levels and platelet counts. Although platelet damage has a contributory role in increasing AT III levels during hemodialysis, the data on peritoneal dialysis suggest that there may be other factors affecting platelets and AT III during dialysis. PMID- 3898987 TI - Detection of group B streptococci by agglutination testing from selective broth cultures. AB - A rapid technique for the immunological identification of group B streptococci in vaginal swabs is reported. Vaginal swabs obtained from 567 pregnant women at term or during labor were incubated for eight hrs in Todd Hewitt broth containing 15 micrograms per ml nalidixic acid, one microgram per ml polymixin, and 0.1 microgram per ml crystal violet (NPC broth). After streaking the swabs on blood agar plates, both plain broth cultures and their nitrous acid extracted pellets were tested with a commercial latex agglutination reagent. Beta-hemolytic colonies grown on the blood agar plates after overnight incubation were grouped with commercial latex agglutination and coagglutination reagents for reference identification. Sensitivities for the broth culture and nitrous acid techniques were 86.8 percent and 94.7 percent, respectively; specificities were 97.4 percent and 98.7 percent respectively. Nitrous acid extraction of vaginal broth cultures followed by latex agglutination testing can significantly shorten the time needed to detect group B streptococci, resulting in the intrapartum detection of these organisms. PMID- 3898988 TI - [Plasma exchange and hyperthyroidism. Current indications]. AB - Serious thyrotoxicosis must be treated quickly and efficiently. Plasma exchange (PE) takes place when ordinary treatment is not suitable in emergency cases. Several methods of plasma clearing have already been practiced successfully. PE is the best one. It quickly removes a great amount of thyroid hormones and occasionally pathological immunoglobulins. Risks have not to be underestimated. The most serious accidents are particularly linked with the substitution fluids. Hemoperfusion, peritoneal dialysis, transfusion exchanges can be used too. Thyrotoxicosis crisis, as far as life prognosis is concerned, is an appropriate indication of PE, either as a first line treatment or after the classical treatment has failed. Serious hyperthyroidism due to iodine overload is not improved with common treatment. In this case PE might be worthwhile. In malignant exophthalmia, unimproved with an usual treatment PE can be successfully used, every time ocular prognosis is concerned. PMID- 3898989 TI - [Primperan and gastroesophageal reflux. Review of the literature]. AB - After reviewing its mechanism of action, the author summarises the action of Primperan in gastro-oesophageal reflux. Various studies have shown that the intravenous or oral administration of a single dose of Primperan induces an increase in the tone of the inferior oesophageal sphincter and an acceleration of gastric emptying in patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux. A dose of at least 10 mg is required. Long term Primperan treatment, at a dose of 40 mg/day in 4 doses, before each meal and at bedtime, significantly reduces the symptoms of gastro-oesophageal reflux and the consumption of antacids. PMID- 3898990 TI - [Treatment of gastroparesis by primperan]. AB - The motor action of Primperan on the stomach is discussed. This action causes a significant acceleration in gastric emptying, as a result of an increased contractile activity of the stomach and a duodeno-gastric synergy. The clinical activity of Primperan in diabetic, post-surgical and idiopathic gastroparesis has been confirmed by means of double blind s studies. The daily administration of 40 mg of Primperan, in 4 divided doses before meals and at bedtime, leads to a statistically significant improvement in the gastro-intestinal symptoms of these patients. PMID- 3898991 TI - [Indications for primperan in pediatrics]. AB - Based on a review of the literature, the authors present the indications for Primperan in paediatrics. The anti-emetic and motor properties of Primperan can be useful in the treatment of gastro-intestinal disorders in infants and children, gastro-duodenal dyskinesia and gastro-oesophageal reflux, but it is also useful for the radiological or endoscopic diagnosis of these conditions and in anaesthetics. PMID- 3898992 TI - Orthostatic response of plasma renin activity and urinary kallikrein excretion in children with difficulty awakening in the morning. AB - Twenty-six children, aged 10-15 years, with difficulty awakening in the morning, showed significantly lower plasma renin activity (PRA) before and after standing (15 and 60 min) and significantly greater postural fall in mean blood pressure than the age-matched control children. They also showed high urinary kallikrein excretion, but this was not statistically significant. These results suggest that low PRA and a readily decreasing blood pressure may contribute to difficulty awakening in the morning in teen-aged children. PMID- 3898993 TI - Detection of class-specific antibodies against Aspergillus fumigatus antigens in various pulmonary diseases. AB - Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a radioimmunoassay (RAST), the specific IgA, IgG, IgM and IgE antibody levels against Aspergillus fumigatus antigens were determined in sera from patients with either chronic bronchitis or non-allergic bronchial asthma, allergic asthma, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis or aspergilloma. These levels were compared with those in serum samples from healthy controls. The results showed statistical differences in specific antibody levels between the five groups of patients. It was not possible, however, to reliably classify a subject in one of the studied pathological groups on the sole basis of the assays used. PMID- 3898994 TI - Proteinases and proteinase inhibition by cytotoxic and antimetastatic drugs in transplantable solid metastasizing tumors in mice. AB - The tissue levels of two proteolytic enzymes, plasminogen activator and cathepsin B - like cysteine proteinase, which were found to be increased in malignant tumors and to be proportional to tumor metastatic potential in some instances, have been determined in a panel of solid metastasizing tumors in mice. The examination of B16 melanoma, MCa mammary carcinoma and of two lines of Lewis lung carcinoma with widely different potential to spontaneously metastasize, showed no correlation between metastatic potential and the tissue content of the proteinases considered. The treatment of the animals with cytotoxic antitumor drugs (CCNU, GANU, cisplatin, and cyclophosphamide) or with antimetastatic drugs acting with a mechanism unrelated with cytotoxicity (ICRF 159 and DM-COOK) caused only marginal inhibition in some instances, whereas no meaningful pattern of inhibition either based in terms of metastatic potential of the tumor or on drug mechanism of action was recognizable. A direct involvement of the two proteinases examined in the process of metastasis in the tumor panel used is thus not apparent, although a more complex interaction with other latent proteinases and inhibitors might be operative. PMID- 3898995 TI - Vinca-23-oyl amino acid derivatives: as new anticancer agents (review). AB - Vinblastine-23-oyl amino acid derivatives and the analog deoxy vinblastine derivative were synthesized by linking amino acid carbocyclic esters to the vinca 23-oyl moiety, through an amide linkage. Their experimental chemotherapeutic activities on P388, L1210 leukemias and 6C3HED lymphosarcoma in mice were evaluated in comparison to those of the parent alkaloids vinblastine, vincristine, and the semi-synthetic derivative vindesine. Further, their toxicities and plasmatic clearance are given. We have developed a method for conjugating vinca alkaloid to bovine serum albumin through a covalent and reversible linkage. The chemotherapeutic activity of this conjugate on P388 leukemia was assessed. This conjugate was found stable in blood and serum up to 48 hours. Lysosomal hydrolases liberate about 50 per cent of the tritiated drug after 48 hours. PMID- 3898996 TI - The pipette-method: its application to cytogenetic studies of tumor cells cloned in semisolid media. AB - A simple method is herein described which allows easy cytogenetic analyses of human tumor cells grown in semisolid media. The quality of the metaphases is relatively good, comparable with that reached by using conventional cytogenetic methods. Therefore, the demonstration of G-, Q-, C-bands, and nucleolus organizing regions (NOR) is possible without any problems. Its particular advantage, however, lies in the fact that single colonies can be removed under sterile conditions at different stages of cell culturing. PMID- 3898997 TI - Cardiovascular regulation and lesions of the central nervous system. AB - The central nervous system has an important role in the second-to-second regulation of cardiac activity and vasomotor tone. Central lesions that lead to a disturbance in autonomic activity tend to cause electrocardiographic and pathological evidence of myocardial damage, cardiac arrhythmias, and disturbances of arterial blood pressure regulation. To a great extent such cardiovascular disturbances result from alterations in sympathetic activity. Similar alterations in sympathetic activity can occur under conditions of emotional stress and precipitate cardiac arrhythmias that can themselves lead to the syndrome of sudden death. Experimental and clinical evidence suggests that central neural mechanisms may be involved in this important human syndrome, but no central lesion has yet been identified to account for it. Recent experimental evidence, derived from hypertension research, suggests that chemical disturbances in the central nervous system, without accompanying structural lesions, may be found to explain cardiovascular disturbances such as sudden death and hypertension. PMID- 3898998 TI - Reversible diabetic nerve dysfunction: structural correlates to electrophysiological abnormalities. AB - Structural alterations of the nodal and paranodal areas were examined in the posterior tibial nerve in insulin-depleted and insulin-treated diabetic BB rats. The early metabolic phase of the distal symmetrical polyneuropathy was characterized by paranodal axonal swellings and nodal bulgings of the axon. These alterations correlate with intraaxonal sodium accumulation and decreased sodium equilibrium potentials which account for the early nerve conduction defect. Both the structural and electrophysiological abnormalities were completely normalized after vigorous insulin therapy. In the chronic diabetic polyneuropathy the paranodal area showed loss of paranodal axoglial junctions and paranodal myelin retraction. These changes may be partially responsible for the impaired electrical activity at the node as exemplified by irreversibly impaired sodium permeability and nerve conduction. PMID- 3898999 TI - Norman Geschwind, 1926-1984. PMID- 3899000 TI - Heterogeneity of human skeletal muscle tropomyosin. AB - Six polypeptides resolved by two-dimensional electrophoresis of homogenates from human skeletal muscle have been identified as tropomyosin by electrophoretic and immunochemical methods. The 6 proteins are consistently present in approximately the same abundance in normal biceps, deltoid, gastrocnemius, and quadriceps muscle. Analysis of samples from individuals with Becker's dystrophy, Duchenne dystrophy, limb girdle dystrophy, polymyositis, myopathy related to vitamin E deficiency, type II fiber deficiency, and from an infant with indistinct fiber type differentiation, however, showed quantitative variations in the tropomyosin pattern. Muscle with histochemically demonstrated type II fiber deficiency lacked two of the normal tropomyosin proteins and the type II myosin light chains. Muscles lacking type I myosin light chains were deficient in a different pair of tropomyosin proteins. The results suggest that normal human skeletal muscle contains one major type of tropomyosin protein (beta-tropomyosin) common to both fast and slow fibers, together with two other major proteins (alpha-tropomyosin and alpha'-tropomyosin), one of which is specific to fast fibers and the other to slow fibers. Preliminary data from the reaction of muscle homogenates with alkaline phosphatase indicate that 3 of the 6 tropomyosin polypeptides resolved by two-dimensional electrophoresis are phosphorylated forms of the alpha-, alpha' , and beta-tropomyosins. PMID- 3899001 TI - Transferable plasmid-linked chloramphenicol acetyltransferase conferring high level resistance in Bacteroides uniformis. AB - Bacteroides uniformis RYC3373 resistant to 64 micrograms of chloramphenicol per ml was isolated from a peritoneal pelvic abscess of a patient not previously treated with this drug. Chloramphenicol resistance was transferable at low frequency to a suitable Bacteroides fragilis recipient. The acquisition of resistance was linked to the presence of a 39.5-kilobase plasmid (pRYC3373), which was subsequently transferred to a secondary recipient. The transfer of Cm resistance occurred by a conjugation-like process. Donor and transconjugant strains produced chloramphenicol acetyltransferase constitutively. The Km for chloramphenicol was 40 microM, and its inactivation by 5-5'-dithiobis(2 nitrobenzoic acid) suggested its similarity to the type II enterobacterial enzymes encoded by different conjugative plasmids and also to a previously described enzyme of B. fragilis F47 and F48. The specific activity and the resistance level in pRYC3373-bearing strains were more than 10-fold higher than in the case of the enzyme from B. fragilis strains F47 and F48. The genetic basis of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase synthesis in Bacteroides spp. had not been previously established. PMID- 3899003 TI - Plasmid-mediated fosfomycin resistance is due to enzymatic modification of the antibiotic. AB - The molecular mechanism of plasmid-mediated resistance to fosfomycin is described. The antibiotic was inactivated intracellularly and remained inside the cells. Modification was also obtained from cell extracts and was not energy dependent. The modifying enzyme seems to have sulfhydryl groups in its active center. PMID- 3899002 TI - Comparison of ceftazidime with cefamandole for therapy of community-acquired pneumonia. AB - Ceftazidime and cefamandole were compared in the treatment of pneumonia. The median MIC of ceftazidime for all Streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 17) and Haemophilus influenzae (n = 10) isolates was 0.125 microgram/ml. All other isolates were inhibited by less than 0.5 microgram of ceftazidime per ml, with the exception of a group B streptococcus (MIC = 4 micrograms/ml). Satisfactory clinical responses were observed in 91% (20 of 22) of cefamandole-treated patients and 85% (17 of 20) of ceftazidime-treated patients. PMID- 3899004 TI - Treatment of experimental salmonellosis in mice with streptomycin entrapped in liposomes. AB - Liposome-entrapped streptomycin (SM) was compared with free SM for therapeutic efficacy against experimental salmonellosis in mice. All of the mice infected with the virulent strain of Salmonella enteritidis 116-54 died between days 5 and 7, and a dose of 20 mg of free SM per kg administered 24 h after the bacterial inoculation did not prolong the survival. In contrast, the same dose of SM entrapped in liposomes prolonged paralleled the dose in the liposomes, and a dose as low as 1.2 mg of SM per kg in liposomes prolonged the survival. The advantage of using liposomes was more pronounced when a larger dose of SM was employed. The liposome-entrapped drug was less toxic than the free drug. A dose of 80 mg of free SM per kg caused convulsions, but the same dose entrapped in liposomes caused no side effects. Furthermore, two doses of liposome-entrapped SM further enhanced the therapeutic effect. The efficacy of the liposome-entrapped drug was still observed in mice infected with a large inoculum of S. enteritidis. A tissue distribution study on SM in various organs demonstrated that liposomal SM was selectively delivered to the spleen and liver with concentrations in these those in mice receiving the free drug. The prolongation of survival was due to suppression of the multiplication of S. enteritidis as demonstrated by viable cell counts in the spleens. PMID- 3899005 TI - Ceftazidime versus tobramycin-ticarcillin in the treatment of pneumonia and bacteremia. AB - A prospective, randomized study was undertaken to compare the efficacy and safety of ceftazidime with those of a combination of ticarcillin and tobramycin in the treatment of 40 nonneutropenic patients with pneumonia or bacteremia. Altogether, 93% of the patients receiving ceftazidime for pneumonia were cured, and 87% of those with bacteremia responded favorably. Of the subjects who were treated with ticarcillin and tobramycin ceftazidime developed significant superinfection, and one individual treated with the aminoglycoside and carboxypenicillin developed reversible azotemia. Ceftazidime appears to be as efficacious as the ticarcillin tobramycin combination and is probably safer with regard to oto-and nephrotoxicity; however, superinfections did occur more frequently in the group treated with ceftazidime. PMID- 3899006 TI - Efficacy of BMY-28142 in experimental bacteremia and meningitis caused by Escherichia coli and group B streptococci. AB - We evaluated the activity of BMY-28142 against a K1 E. coli strain and a type III group B streptococcal strain in vitro and in vivo and compared the results with those of cefotaxime and penicillin G, respectively. In vitro, the MICs and MBCs of BMY-28142 were close to those of cefotaxime (less than or equal to 2-fold difference) for E. coli and fourfold less than those of penicillin G for group B streptococci. In vivo studies with an experimental bacteremia and meningitis model in newborn rats revealed that the mean penetration of BMY-28142 into the cerebrospinal fluid was 15% that of concomitant levels in serum and that significantly greater bactericidal titers were achieved in blood and cerebrospinal fluid for both test organisms with BMY-28142 than with cefotaxime and penicillin G. However, the overall efficacy of BMY-28142 was similar to that of cefotaxime for the E. coli infection and that of penicillin G for the group B streptococcal infection. This was shown by similar rates of bacterial clearance from blood and cerebrospinal fluid and similar mortality rates. These findings indicate that the activity of BMY-28142 is bactericidal in vitro and in vivo against E. coli and group B streptococci, suggesting that this agent may be a suitable alternative for the therapy of E. coli and group B streptococcal bacteremia and meningitis. PMID- 3899008 TI - Artificial heart implantation. Nursing protocol, preparation, participation. PMID- 3899007 TI - Plasmid-mediated drug resistance of shigellae in Kuwait. AB - Of 153 clinical isolates of shigellae examined, 64.7% belonged to Shigella flexneri, 18.9% to Sh. sonnei, 11.8% to Sh. boydii and 4.6% to Sh. dysenteriae. Part of these isolates were resistant to sulfamethoxazole and streptomycin (88.2% each), ampicillin (66.7%), tetracycline (63.4%) and co-trimoxazole (43.1%), with levels of resistance (MIC50 and MIC90) being invariably high. Resistance to three or more drugs (multidrug resistance) was seen in 77.8% of the isolates. All the 25 strains examined for transfer of resistance contained R-plasmids, both autotransferable and non-autotransferable (mobilized by transfer factor X). The frequency of transfer of different r-determinants varied from 2.7 X 10(-8) to 1.4 X 10(-3). PMID- 3899009 TI - Pioneer heart surgeon strong advocate for nursing. Interview by Rebecca H Adams. PMID- 3899010 TI - Bone marrow transplantation. Three treatments for disease. PMID- 3899011 TI - Insulin stimulates generation of intracellular mediators in rat heart. AB - Insulin treatment of rats results in an increased amount or activity of insulin mediators in heart muscle. The mediators stimulated mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase and inhibited glucagon-stimulated adenylate cyclase. The mediators were copurified by ultrafiltration, ethanol extraction, Dowex cation-exchange, and QAE-Sephadex anion-exchange chromatography. The activities of the two mediators were separated by Sephadex G-10 chromatography. Fasting rats for 72 h diminished the mediator response to insulin treatment. These results, taken together with previous reports, indicate that insulin generates a number of mediators which have a ubiquitous tissue distribution. The activity of these mediators, like insulin responsiveness, is altered by the metabolic state of the animal. PMID- 3899012 TI - Evidence for multiple catalytic sites of human acrosin from kinetic evaluation of fructose-induced acrosin inhibition. AB - Acrosin (acrosomal proteinase; EC 3.4.21.10) is a sperm-specific serine proteinase implicated in sperm penetration of the mammalian oocyte. Previously, we had shown that human acrosin, unlike human trypsin (EC 3.4.21.4), was inhibited by beta-D-fructose and related carbohydrates. The present study was undertaken to more fully elucidate the mechanism of action of fructose as an acrosin inhibitor, and to further differentiate the kinetic properties of acrosin from those of trypsin. Fructose produced a complex pattern of inhibition. At relatively low concentrations (10-60 mM), fructose acted as a competitive inhibitor with an apparent inhibition constant of 13 mM. In contrast, at high concentrations (80-320 mM), fructose behaved as a noncompetitive inhibitor, with an apparent inhibition constant of 205 mM. A Hill plot of enzyme activity as a function of fructose concentration suggested only a single binding site for fructose (slope = -0.90). The pattern of inhibition is not consistent with an enzyme containing only a single catalytic site, based either upon steady-state or rapid equilibrium assumptions; however, good agreement between observed and simulated data were obtained based upon the assumption of two catalytic sites with equal or similar binding and catalytic constants. The data suggested that fructose interacts with a single binding site (Ki = 8 mM) which alters both catalytic sites to produce an enzyme species having a higher apparent Michaelis constant and lower kcat as compared to the uninhibited enzyme. Fructose had no effect upon the rate of acrosin inactivation by either diisopropylfluorophosphate or tosyl-lysine-chloromethylketone, suggesting that neither substrate binding nor acylation were altered by this agent. The above data indicate substantial differences between the catalytic properties of human acrosin and those of trypsin. PMID- 3899013 TI - Glucose metabolism in insulin-producing tumoral cells. AB - Homogenates of insulin-producing tumoral cells catalyzed the phosphorylation of glucose, mannose, and fructose. The kinetics of phosphorylation at increasing glucose concentrations, the inhibitory effect of glucose 6-phosphate, and the comparison of results obtained with distinct hexoses indicated the presence of both low-Km hexokinase-like and high-Km enzymatic activities, the results being grossly comparable to those collected in normal pancreatic islets. Relative to protein content, the glucose-phosphorylating enzymatic activity was higher in tumoral than normal islet cells. The activity of other enzymes was either lower (glutamate dehydrogenase), moderately higher (phosphoglucomutase, lactate dehydrogenase) or considerably greater (ornithine decarboxylase) in tumoral than in normal islet cells. In intact tumoral cells, incubated under increasing glucose concentrations, the oxidation of D-[U-14C]glucose and the output of lactic and pyruvic acids reached a close-to-maximal value at 2.8 mM glucose. The ratios for glucose oxidation/utilization and lactate/pyruvate output were much lower in tumoral than in normal islet cells. Although glucose caused a modest increase in insulin output from the tumoral cells, this effect was saturated at a low glucose concentration (2.8 mM) and less marked than that of other secretagogues (e.g., L-leucine, L-ornithine, or forskolin). Thus, despite a close to-normal enzymatic equipment for glucose phosphorylation, the tumoral cells displayed severe abnormalities in the metabolism and secretory response to this hexose. These findings point to regulatory mechanisms distal to glucose phosphorylation in the control of glucose metabolism in insulin-producing cells. PMID- 3899014 TI - [Antitumor drug resistance and therapeutic approaches to reverse resistance]. AB - Acquired multidrug resistance as well as innate drug resistance are directly related to ineffectiveness and failure of the cancer chemotherapy. The mechanisms of such resistance, especially those of innate resistance, have not been fully elucidated. Drug resistant tumor cells, however, usually bear biochemical changes which are related to resistance mechanisms. New modalities with high selectivity against resistant cells could, therefore, be possible if we could target these biochemical changes. Vincristine (VCR)-and adriamycin (ADM)-resistant tumor cells (pleiotropic drug resistant cells) usually show an enhanced outward transport of these antitumor agents, and they express unique glycoproteins in the plasma membrane. By targeting for these biochemical changes characteristic to the resistant tumor cells, we establish new modality which shows high selectivity against drug resistant tumor cells. In this review, I will describe genetic origin of drug resistance, biochemical mechanisms of drug resistance and reversal of drug resistance in tumor cells. The modality to utilize calcium channel blockers which inhibit the enhanced outward transport of VCR and ADM from resistant tumor cells will be reviewed. PMID- 3899015 TI - [Clinical application of monoclonal antibodies to human malignant melanoma associated antigens]. AB - Monoclonal antibodies to human malignant melanoma-associated antigens were reviewed from the viewpoint of the target structure recognized by them. With regard to clinical application of monoclonal antibodies for diagnosis, immunohistochemistry, serological diagnosis and tumor imaging were described, together with the possibility of therapy involving monoclonal antibody infusion. PMID- 3899016 TI - Generalized pustular psoriasis provoked by propranolol. AB - An 80-year-old man who had had plaque-type psoriasis for 40 years experienced a rapid onset of generalized pustular psoriasis three days after initiation of propranolol hydrochloride therapy. Trial therapy with propranolol on two occasions resulted in similar episodes. The skin lesions and systemic symptoms resolved after the discontinuation of propranolol therapy and administration of methotrexate sodium. This case study documents propranolol--a beta-blocker--as another causal factor for pustular psoriasis. PMID- 3899017 TI - Antibacterial properties of lidocaine on bacteria isolated from dermal lesions. AB - We studied the antibacterial properties of lidocaine and lidocaine with methylparaben, employing bacteria that were isolated from dermal lesions. Our study was significant because local anesthetics utilized before obtaining material for biopsy and/or culture may result in false-negative results. Killing curves were calculated to ascertain exposure times of bacteria to various concentrations of lidocaine with and without methylparaben that could affect recovery of viable bacteria from clinical specimens. The bacteria studied varied greatly in their susceptibility to lidocaine, with Neisseria species being the most sensitive. Greater inhibitory activity was noted against bacteria when methylparaben was present. Our study suggests that lower concentrations of lidocaine without methylparaben should be employed. PMID- 3899018 TI - Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita with negative direct immunofluorescence. AB - Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) appeared in a patient at the age of 54 years. Other bullous disorders could be excluded by electron microscopy, and there was no family history of EB. The patient would therefore best be classified as having EB acquisita. Repeated direct immunofluorescence studies were, however, negative for all tested serum samples, suggesting that there might be a subgroup lacking immunoglobulin deposits in the skin. Collagen IV, laminin, and fibronectin were expressed normally at the dermoepidermal junction. PMID- 3899019 TI - Bullous sclerodermalike changes in chronic graft-vs-host disease. AB - Cutaneous sclerodermalike changes are a well-documented manifestation of chronic cutaneous graft-vs-host reaction. We describe a patient with chronic cutaneous graft-vs-host reaction who developed vesicles and bullae on sclerodermoid skin 18 months after bone marrow transplantation. The vesicles and bullae were subepidermal in location by light microscopy and were associated with dilated lymphatics and a sparse perivascular mononuclear cell infiltrate. No deposition of immunoreactants was seen by immunofluorescent microscopy. Electron microscopy confirmed the presence of a subepidermal blister beneath an intact basement membrane zone and surrounded by marked dermal edema. We postulate that localized lymphedema may play a role in the development of these vesicles and bullae. PMID- 3899020 TI - Prevention of intraventricular haemorrhage by fresh frozen plasma. AB - Seventy three preterm infants weighing less than 1500 g or less than 32 weeks' gestation, or both, were allocated randomly to treatment (fresh frozen plasma 10 ml/kg on admission and at 24 hours of age) or control groups. Fifteen (41%) out of 37 control patients sustained intraventricular haemorrhage compared with five (14%) of 36 patients receiving treatment (X2 = 5.24, P = 0.022). No difference was found in coagulation factors measured at birth or at 48 hours of age in both groups. Fresh frozen plasma appears to have a beneficial effect in the prevention of intraventricular haemorrhage. PMID- 3899021 TI - Infant feeding and subsequent risk of atopic eczema. AB - An attempted controlled trial of exclusively breast fed neonates with atopic parents, to assess the effectiveness of breast feeding in preventing atopic allergy, was not successfully achieved. Analysis of the data as an observational study, however, provided evidence that breast feeding offers some protection against eczema in genetically vulnerable infants. Feeds of soya preparations were associated with eczema as often as cows' milk based feeds. PMID- 3899022 TI - Severe handicap in spina bifida: no bar to intermittent self catheterisation. AB - The practicability of introducing clean intermittent self catheterisation to 24 severely handicapped children with spina bifida was studied. Twenty one children achieved complete or nearly complete continence, which was sustained successfully in 14. The difficulties they overcame and the reasons for failure are analysed. PMID- 3899023 TI - Birthweight between 14 and 42 weeks' gestation. PMID- 3899024 TI - Ceftazidime in neonatal infections. PMID- 3899025 TI - The shortage of organs for transplantation. PMID- 3899026 TI - Renal transplantation in school-age children: beyond physiologic care. PMID- 3899027 TI - Presidential address: Tumoribus praeter naturam. PMID- 3899028 TI - The characterization and partial purification of hepatocyte proliferation factor. AB - This report presents further evidence that the liver is the source of the factor responsible for the initiation and/or stimulation of hepatic regeneration. Initial experiments for the isolation and characterization of the active factor are presented. The factor was isolated from the cytosol of regenerating livers (RLC). After an in vivo exposure to RLC, hepatocytes were pulsed in vitro with 3H thymidine to measure DNA synthesis. Rat and porcine RLC stimulated DNA synthesis in hepatocytes isolated from growing (nonhepatectomized) livers of weanling rats, or from regenerating livers of adult rats. The ability of porcine RLC to stimulate hepatocyte DNA synthesis demonstrated that the factor responsible was not species-specific. In contrast, normal non-regenerating liver cytosol did not stimulate hepatocyte DNA synthesis. Further experiments also revealed that the factor is heat stable. The activity responsible for the increased DNA synthesis was called hepatocyte proliferation factor (HPF). The assay for detecting HPF activity in the nonhepatectomized recipient will facilitate further characterization and purification of HPF. PMID- 3899029 TI - A randomized comparison of the effects of adjuvant therapy on resected stages II and III non-small cell carcinoma of the lung. The Lung Cancel Study Group. AB - The Lung Cancer Study Group has evaluated postoperative chemotherapy and immunotherapy in patients with Stages II and III adenocarcinoma and large cell undifferentiated carcinoma. Patients were randomized following surgery and careful intraoperative staging to receive either chemotherapy or immunotherapy. Chemotherapy consisted of CisPlatinum, Adriamycin, and Cytoxan and immunotherapy consisted of Levamisole and Intrapleural BCG. Sixty-eight patients were randomized to the immunotherapy arm and 62 to the chemotherapy arm. There were 49 recurrences in the immunotherapy group and 35 in the chemotherapy group (p = 0.003). These studies indicate that surgical adjuvant chemotherapy is effective in prolonging the disease-free survival in patients with Stages II and III adenocarcinoma and large cell undifferentiated carcinoma. Patients with Stages II and III resected squamous cell carcinoma were randomized to receive postoperative radiation therapy or no further treatment. One hundred and ninety patients were randomized into this study. There was no significant difference in terms of survival between the two treatment groups. However, those who received radiation therapy had a significantly lower incidence of local recurrence (p = 0.001). These studies indicate that postoperative radiation therapy is effective in controlling the local disease but that effective systemic therapy is necessary for improved survival in patients with Stages II and III squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. PMID- 3899030 TI - Isthmus flap aortoplasty: an alternative to subclavian flap aortoplasty for long segment coarctation of the aorta in infants. AB - The ideal operation for infants with coarctation of the aorta remains controversial. Subclavian flap aortoplasty is the most popular technique for this age group. The 5 to 20% recurrence rate is attributed to regrowth of the coarctation web or inadequate length of the subclavian flap, particularly when the aortic isthmus is long and narrow. Severe arm ischemia following subclavian flap aortoplasty, although rare, is a disturbing complication. The purpose of this study is to report the results with a new technique we call isthmus flap aortoplasty for coarctation of a long segment of the aorta in infants. This technique avoids the limitations of subclavian flap aortoplasty. A short segment of aorta, including the ductal entrance and coarctation web, was resected in 4 infants (mean age, 35.5 days) with long-segment coarctation. The posterior wall of the long isthmus was opened longitudinally to the level of the transverse aortic arch. The descending aorta was mobilized and advanced to the level of the aortic arch where the posterior half was sutured. The anterior flap of attached isthmus was then sewn into a longitudinal incision made in the anterior wall of the descending aorta. All infants survived this procedure and had no gradient at completion of the repair. The mean transconduit gradient at rest was zero and rose to 7.0 +/- 0.93 mm Hg after angiography at a mean follow-up of 42 months. Aortograms demonstrated that the reconstructed area had grown in girth and attained a normal caliber in each child.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3899031 TI - Classics in thoracic surgery. On the care and preservation of eponyms: the case of Branham's sign. PMID- 3899032 TI - Taxonomic Subcommittee on Enterobacteriaceae of the International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology. PMID- 3899033 TI - Haemorheological pattern in initial mental deterioration: results of a long-term study using piracetam and pentoxifylline. AB - A group of 80 elderly subjects affected with recent onset (less than 6 mth) slight to moderate mental deterioration was observed before and after oral drug treatment for a period of 28 wk. The study consisted of four randomized groups of subjects homogeneous for age, sex and life habits. The first group received a placebo, the second group received piracetam (1600 mg 3 times a day), the third group received pentoxifylline (400 mg 3 times a day), and the fourth group received a combination of piracetam and pentoxifylline. At the beginning and end of each phase of the study, neuropsychological and haemorheological parameters were evaluated in all subjects. The results show that the most evident improvement in psycho-intellectual performance, associated with an increase of whole blood filtration values, was obtained in the group treated with the two drug combination. PMID- 3899034 TI - Postmarketing studies of drug efficacy. PMID- 3899035 TI - Bacteremias due to Citrobacter diversus and Citrobacter freundii. Incidence, risk factors, and clinical outcome. AB - From 1974 to 1982, 38 patients developed Citrobacter bacteremia at two adult community-teaching hospitals in the Detroit Medical Center (incidence, 1.2 cases per 10,000 discharges). Citrobacter accounted for 0.7% of all bacteremias during the study period. Of 31 cases reviewed, Citrobacter bacteremia frequently developed in elderly patients (65%) and was hospital acquired (77%). Initial sites of infection included the urinary tract (39%), gastrointestinal tract (27%), wound (10%), and unknown (13%). More bacteremias caused by Citrobacter diversus tended to arise from the urinary tract, while patients with Citrobacter freundii bacteremia had significantly more gallbladder disease. Patients with Citrobacter bacteremia were more likely than patients with Escherichia coli bacteremia to have had additional pathogens in the bloodstream, to develop bacteremia in the hospital, and to have undergone invasive procedures contributing to infection. Significant differences were not observed in demographic, host, or other epidemiologic or clinical factors examined. Of patients with Citrobacter bacteremia, 48% died. PMID- 3899036 TI - Cerebrospinal fluid IgM, IgA, and IgG indexes in systemic lupus erythematosus. Their use as estimates of central nervous system disease activity. AB - Paired serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens from 13 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and central nervous system involvement (CNS SLE) were studied for CSF IgM, IgA, and IgG indexes (indicators of intrathecal immunoglobulin synthesis) and CSF-serum albumin quotient (Q albumin) (an indicator of blood-brain-barrier function). We also studied 20 patients with noninflammatory neurologic diseases and seven patients with SLE without CNS involvement for comparison. In addition to an increase in the CSF IgG index, IgM and IgA indexes also were elevated in patients with CNS-SLE. All three indexes decreased significantly when CNS manifestations subsided by successful treatment. The Q albumin was normal in most patients. The elevation of CSF immunoglobulin indexes may be a result of polyclonal B-lymphocyte activation within the CNS, rather than the leak of immunoglobulins from the systemic circulation into the CNS. Since these indexes reflect CNS disease activity in SLE, they may be a successful tool for the management of SLE. PMID- 3899037 TI - A clinical trial of three-part electronic differential white blood cell counts. AB - Three-part white blood cell differential counts (diffs), performed during electrical impedance counting of blood cells, can accurately classify lymphocytes, granulocytes, and mononuclear cells in 85% of specimens, with an error rate not exceeding that of conventional diffs. To assess the clinical utility of the new test, we tried it for three months on a medical unit. Conventional diffs were no better than three-part diffs or total white blood cell counts in signaling clinical changes, and the same decisions would have been made in 78% of instances if only three-part diffs were available. The three-part diff is as reliable a clinical index for monitoring most inpatients as the conventional diff or white blood cell count. Although its use could effect significant cost savings, acceptance of the new test seems unlikely unless enforced by administrative flat. PMID- 3899038 TI - Molecular genetics of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency in man. PMID- 3899039 TI - Treatment of poorly regulated non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with combination insulin-sulfonylurea. PMID- 3899040 TI - Escherichia coli bacteremia, meningitis, and hemochromatosis. AB - A 67-year-old man with Escherichia coli bacteremia and meningitis was found to have hemochromatosis. To my knowledge this is the first documented case of E coli meningitis occurring in the setting of hemochromatosis. The case raises issues regarding the role of chronic liver disease in the pathogenesis of gram-negative sepsis and the impact of iron loading on host immunocompetence and bacterial virulence. PMID- 3899041 TI - Mycobacterium bovis infection. PMID- 3899042 TI - [Two-staged correction for the coarctation of aorta complex (coarctation complex) and interrupted aortic arch (IAA)]. PMID- 3899043 TI - The fate of liver allografts in radiation bone marrow chimeras in mice. PMID- 3899044 TI - Expression of genes from the marine bacterium Alteromonas haloplanktis 214 in Escherichia coli K-12. AB - DNA from the marine bacterium Alteromonas haloplanktis 214 was partially digested with Sau 3A and inserted into the Bam HI site of the cloning vector pBR322. The ligation mixture was used to transform Escherichia coli HB101. The gene bank plasmid preparation obtained was used to transform Escherichia coli K-12 strain EO2717, an organism auxotrophic for histidine, arginine, adenine, uracil and thiamin. Prototrophic transformants for each of the five metabolites were isolated using appropriate minimal media for selection. Plasmids isolated from each of the transformants were shown by hybridization to contain A. haloplanktis DNA and to be capable of complementing the appropriate mutation in E. coli EO2717. Restriction maps showed that each of the plasmids was different. PMID- 3899045 TI - Expression of Klebsiella pneumoniae nif genes in Proteus mirabilis. AB - Self-transmissible plasmids carrying his and nif genes from Klebsiella pneumoniae have been introduced into three his mutants of Proteus mirabilis: strains 5006-1, WR19 and WR20. Expression of his by the transconjugants was unequivocal, if slightly temperature-sensitive, but none was Nif+ when tested for acetylene reduction in anaerobic glucose medium using inocula from rich or glucose-minimal aerobic agar cultures. Succinate or pyruvate in place of glucose, low glucose, lower temperature or elevated Na2MoO4 did not allow nif expression and no nitrogenase MoFe-protein peptide was detected immunologically after exposure to conditions in which diazotrophic enterobacteria, normal or genetically constructed, derepress nif. One strain, P. mirabilis WR19, carrying the his nif Kmr plasmid pMF250 was examined in detail. The nif activator gene nifA was introduced on the plasmid pCK1. Such derivatives remained Nif- when tested, after aerobic growth on rich agar media, with normal or low glucose, with succinate or with elevated Mo. However, pre-conditioning by aerobic growth on glucose-minimal agar led to subsequent anaerobic expression of nif in glucose medium from pMF250 in WR19 carrying pCK1. NH+4 or proline could serve as N-source in the glucose minimal agar. Maximum activity was about 5% of that of K. pneumoniae in our assay conditions. Material cross-reacting with anti-serum to the nitrogenase MoFe protein was formed. Nitrogenase activity was not 'switched off' by NH+4. P. mirabilis WR19 (pCK1) showed NH+4-constitutive temperature-sensitive kanamycin resistance (a nif-related phenotype of this plasmid) in aerobic glucose minimal medium.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3899046 TI - Methylphenidate and children with attention deficit disorder. Dose effects on classroom academic and social behavior. AB - The short-term, dose-response effects of methylphenidate hydrochloride were evaluated on academic and social classroom measures in 29 children with attention deficit disorder. In a double-blind, cross-over design with order randomized, children received a placebo for two weeks and three doses of methylphenidate hydrochloride (0.15 mg/kg, 0.3 mg/kg, and 0.6 mg/kg) for one week each. Dependent measures included the output and accuracy of performance in grade-appropriate reading comprehension workbooks and arithmetic problems, spelling word acquisition, and observations of disruptive and on-task behavior. Beneficial drug effects and linear dose-response curves on all dependent measures were found. The results suggest that beneficial methylphenidate effects on classroom behavior may be accompanied by enhanced academic achievement in some hyperactive children. PMID- 3899047 TI - Treatment of hyperactive children with monoamine oxidase inhibitors. I. Clinical efficacy. AB - Fourteen boys (mean age, 9.2 +/- 1.5 years) with Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) With Hyperactivity were treated with dextroamphetamine sulfate or a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) (six received clorgyline, eight received tranylcypromine sulfate) for four weeks each in a double-blind, cross-over study that included a two-week placebo washout between active drug periods. The MAOIs had immediate, clinically significant benefit and were clinically indistinguishable from dextroamphetamine. Most children responded to both stimulant and MAOI. These findings of equivalent efficacy of MAOIs in ADD are in contrast to our previous studies with neurotransmitter system selective agents, which showed only weak effects, and suggest that multiple neurotransmitter alterations may be required for stimulant drug effects in ADD. The immediate response to MAOIs indicates a different mechanism from that mediating antidepressant effect. The MAOIs may be useful alternate treatments in selected cases of ADD. PMID- 3899048 TI - Clomipramine treatment of childhood obsessive-compulsive disorder. A double-blind controlled study. AB - Nineteen children (mean [+/- SD] age, 14.5 +/- 2.3 years) with severe, primary obsessive-compulsive disorder completed a ten-week, double-blind, controlled trial of clomipramine hydrochloride (mean dosage, 141 mg/day) or placebo, each of which was administered for five weeks. Half of the subjects had not responded to previous treatment with other tricyclic antidepressants. There was a significant improvement in observed and self-reported obsessions and compulsions that was independent of the presence of depressive symptoms at baseline. Improvement in obsessive-compulsive symptoms did not correlate significantly with plasma concentrations of the drug or its metabolites. Clomipramine appears to be effective in the treatment of children with obsessive-compulsive disorder and the treatment seems to be independent of an antidepressant effect. PMID- 3899049 TI - A controlled evaluation of inpatient family intervention. I. Preliminary results of the six-month follow-up. AB - Although family intervention is practiced in most psychiatric hospitals, there are no adequately controlled studies of its efficacy. This study was designed to answer, in part, the following question: What is the relative efficacy of hospitalization with family intervention as compared with hospitalization without family intervention for patients with major psychiatric disorders who are in need of hospital treatment and for whom both treatments are judged clinically feasible? This is our first report, presenting preliminary data on six-month follow-up for the first three quarters of the total sample of 144 patients (80 with schizophrenic disorder and 64 with major affective disorder). PMID- 3899050 TI - Epidemiology: reflections on testing the validity of psychiatric interviews. AB - Laboratory tests that validate psychiatric disorder are unavailable. Accordingly, the validity of structured diagnostic interviews such as the Diagnostic Interview Schedule have been assessed through a double-blind test-retest design. This approach compares the Diagnostic Interview Schedule to a clinician's assessment and evaluates its results by three statistics: sensitivity and specificity, for which the clinician's interview serves as the standard, and K, which measures concordance between the two interviews. This design is found wanting on several counts: the reinterview may be answered differently because of clinical change or because of its meaning to the respondent; the clinician's interview may be an erratic standard; and the statistics are affected by both prevalence and severity of disorder. Furthermore, the statistics may not predict the accuracy of prevalence estimates made by the interview or its ability to detect correlates of disorder. Some alternative approaches are suggested. PMID- 3899051 TI - New aspects in the prediction of hormone sensitivity. A review. AB - In this review some basic problems of steroid receptor mechanism are discussed. It can be stated now that the steroid receptor is bound to cellular structures. Most of the oestradiol receptor has been shown to be localized in particulate fractions and only the minor part is demonstrable in the cytosol. The most important step in receptor preparation from human breast tumour tissue is the homogenization procedure. During the homogenization and fractionation process proteolytic enzyme become activated. More reliable results in receptor determination may be obtained using specific antibodies against oestradiol binding protein. PMID- 3899052 TI - Chemical carcinogens and chemical carcinogenesis--a glossary. AB - A glossary of terms related to chemical carcinogenesis is presented. The definitions proposed are based on the current state of understanding mechanisms of the action of chemical carcinogens. PMID- 3899053 TI - Histological observations on rat popliteal lymph nodes after blockage of their afferent lymphatics. AB - Afferent lymphatic vessels to the popliteal lymph node in the rat were blocked, and the node was histologically examined 2-35 weeks later. After the operation, the node was reduced in size and its lymphoid structures, such as germinal centers, lymph follicles and deep cortex units, were decreased in size and number. At 16 weeks, the lymphoid organization of the node reached a minimal level, but the node still exhibited reduced numbers of lymphoid structures. The lymphoid parenchyma of the node, although reduced in size, showed no noticeable change in cellular density during the period of observation. The changes observed in the popliteal node following blockage of the afferent lymphatics were interpreted as resulting from a reduced supply via the afferent lymph of antigens and other factors on which the development and persistence of the lymph node structures are believed to depend. PMID- 3899054 TI - The endocrine glands in Pompe's disease. Report of two cases. AB - Pompe's disease (type II glycogenosis), an infantile form of generalized glycogenosis, is characterized biochemically by deficiency of lysosomal acid alpha-1,4-glucosidase and morphologically by intralysosomal glycogen storage in multiple organs, notably the central nervous system, heart, liver, and skeletal muscles. The endocrine system has not been described in detail in the literature. In two infants with Pompe's disease, intralysosomal glycogen was identified in the adrenal cortex and medulla, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, pancreatic islets, and pituitary gland. Of special interest is the severe glycogen accumulation in the zona fasciculata of the adrenal glands. PMID- 3899055 TI - Van Buchem's disease and aneurysmal bone cyst. A case history. AB - A patient suffering from Van Buchem's disease combined with an aneurysmal bone cyst in the para-acetabular region is described. The extreme rarity of both the primary disease and its combination with an aneurysmal bone cyst is discussed with respect to the clinical, radiological, and laboratory features. PMID- 3899056 TI - Multifunctional media set for the bacteriological diagnosis of the infections with Haemophili. PMID- 3899057 TI - Total gastrectomy. A 15-year experience with particular reference to the patient over 70 years of age. AB - Between 1969 and 1984, a total of 186 patients underwent total gastrectomy. Seventy-four patients were more than 70 years of age. Surgical mortality was 13.4%, with only minor differences between those patients younger than 70 years and older patients--12.5% and 14.8%, respectively. Moreover, there was no major difference if surgery was curative or merely palliative. Of 27 patients with tumors at TNM stage IV, only one died. Of the 100 patients who were operated on during the five-year period between 1979 and 1984, only four died, for an operative mortality of 4%. These results suggest that this remarkable decline of mortality is due to a precise standardization of surgical technique and improvements in preoperative patient management and aftercare. The five-year survival was 15.9%; again, there was no major difference between the group of patients older than 70 years and those younger than 70 years (19.4% and 14.5%, respectively). The ten-year survival was 4.9%. PMID- 3899058 TI - [Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of serum IgG antibodies to Aspergillus fumigatus antigen using mouse monoclonal antibody to human IgG]. PMID- 3899059 TI - [Application of a purified allergen from Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus for ELISA -detection of specific IgE and IgG antibodies]. PMID- 3899060 TI - [Studies on the mechanism developing bronchial asthma due to Candida albicans. 3. Relationship between types of response after inhalation challenge with Candida albicans and type I, type III allergy]. PMID- 3899061 TI - [Detection of serum IgG, IgG4 antibodies to mites (Dermatophagoides farinae) in patients with bronchial asthma and in healthy children through the use of enzyme linked immunosorbent assay]. PMID- 3899062 TI - Complications of intravenous digital subtraction angiography. AB - Extracranial carotid occlusive disease can be evaluated with either intravenous (IV) digital subtraction angiography (DSA) or standard angiography. In a prospective study, complications related to 500 IV DSA examinations occurred in 16.6% of patients, including local complications in 2.0%, systemic complications in 15.0%, and neurologic complications in 3.0%. A permanent neurologic deficit occurred in one patient. Complications related to 150 standard angiograms occurred in 7.3% of patients, including local complications in 4.0%, systemic complications in 3.4%, and neurologic complications in 0.7%. There were no permanent neurologic deficits. Serious systemic and neurologic complications occurred in 8.2% of patients during IV DSA and 2.7% of patients during standard angiography. The rapid injection of high volumes of hypertonic contrast media during IV DSA and the resultant hemodynamic and cardiac electrophysiologic changes account for the higher incidence of complications with IV DSA. PMID- 3899063 TI - Subconjunctival emphysema associated with mechanical ventilation. PMID- 3899064 TI - Twenty-five years of fluorescein angiography. PMID- 3899065 TI - Long-term morphologic changes in the endothelium of transplanted corneas. AB - In a group of 17 patients, we studied the endothelial morphology and thickness of the central cornea yearly for five years after penetrating keratoplasty. The endothelial photographs were analyzed with a computerized digitizer to determine the area and shape of individual cells. The endothelial cell density decreased rapidly during the first two years postoperatively (59.4%), after which cell loss occurred at a considerably slower rate (3.5% of the preoperative cell count per year). During the observation period, the coefficient of variation in cell area stayed relatively constant (30%), implying that individual cells enlarge proportionally to their areas when spreading. The percentage of hexagonal cells and figure coefficient for the donor corneas were 60.5% and 0.8774, respectively. When the corneal thickness returned to normal two months after surgery, the endothelium showed a significant decrease in both measurements (48.2% and 0.8708, respectively), indicating a definite disruption of the normal hexagonal pattern. Between two months and two years postoperatively, both measurements gradually returned to normal. These results suggest that termination of endothelial cell loss from the central graft might be closely associated with the reestablishment of the normal hexagonal cellular pattern. PMID- 3899066 TI - Histopathology of a case of epikeratophakia (aphakic epikeratoplasty). AB - An epikeratoplasty button was removed by penetrating keratoplasty 31 months following an aphakic epikeratoplasty. The epithelium over the donor cap was thickened with numerous surface abnormalities. Bends and fractures in the donor Bowman's membrane were found throughout the length of the specimen. A significantly decreased number of keratocytes were found in the anterior half of the donor lenticule; the posterior half of the lenticule was acellular. The interfibrillar collagen distance of the donor lenticule was significantly increased compared with that of the recipient host cornea. The central thickness of the lenticule increased the total corneal thickness by 56%. Abnormal keratocytes were found in the underlying recipient corneal stroma. Based on this study, the histopathologic features of epikeratoplasty appear to be similar to those documented in the other lamellar refractive surgical procedures of keratophakia and keratomileusis. PMID- 3899067 TI - Comparative assessment of blood flow to canine island flaps. AB - Fluorometric quantification of dye delivery, laser Doppler flowmetry, and transcutaneous measurement of tissue oxygen level were evaluated in canine island flaps subjected to vascular occlusion. Each technique readily identified the clamping insult. Relative fluorescein delivery to the flap (compared with a reference area) decreased from 66% before clamping to almost zero during clamping. Laser Doppler readings rapidly declined from an average of 230 to an average of 31 mV. Oxygen readings rapidly declined from 57 to 1 mm Hg. Laser Doppler flowmetry and transcutaneous oxygen monitoring seem best suited for continuous monitoring of trends at a single site. Fluorometry is more precise and can be used to monitor multiple sites. One should weigh the benefits of this technique against the need for dye injection. PMID- 3899068 TI - The importance of high-tone audiometry in monitoring for ototoxicity. AB - Early detection of ototoxicity is of vital importance in cases in which ototoxic drugs are administered. Ototoxicity as a result of cis-platinum administration is well documented. Auditory damage may be reduced by changes in dose, drugs or methods of treatment. As ototoxicity appears to be most pronounced in the higher frequencies of sound, any changes can be assessed at an earlier stage by using high-frequency audiometry to test patients at frequencies from 8 to 20 kHz. Our present study demonstrates the utility of monitoring auditory function at frequencies higher than conventionally tested in patients receiving cis-platinum. PMID- 3899069 TI - Identification of lymphocyte subsets and natural killer cells in head and neck cancers. An immunohistological study using monoclonal antibodies. AB - We investigated host-immune defenses against head and neck cancer cells by using various monoclonal antibodies with an immunoperoxidase technique to define lymphocyte subsets and natural killer (NK) cells. By so doing, we were able to identify lymphocyte subsets and NK cells in various head and neck cancers. We found that the majority of these cells infiltrate in or around nests of cancer cells and are stained with Leu-1 antibody. They include both Leu-2a and Leu-3a positive cells, which show equally intense levels of infiltration. Leu-7 positive cells were only scattered in the peripheral portion of the cancer nests in some cases. We also found a tendency for T-cells to infiltrate more intensely in poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) than in moderately or well differentiated SCC. Similarly, T-cells were more prevalent in maxillary carcinomas than in laryngeal carcinomas. These findings suggest the presence of a host-immune defense mechanism against cancer cells in patients with head and neck cancers. PMID- 3899071 TI - Ultrasonographic identification of polycystic ovary. PMID- 3899070 TI - Effects of two forms of hypertension on atherosclerosis in the hyperlipidemic baboon. AB - We examined the relationship of hypertension and plasma renin activity to atherogenesis in 48 moderately hyperlipidemic (total serum cholesterol was about 200 mg/dl) baboons (Papio sp.). We used renal artery stenosis (two-kidney, one clip model) to produce hypertension associated with elevated plasma renin activity, and used cellophane wrapping of both kidneys (bilateral perinephritis model) to produce hypertension with normal renin activity. Renal artery stenosis and bilateral perinephritis increased both systolic and diastolic blood pressure by about 30 mm Hg. Renal artery stenosis approximately doubled, but bilateral perinephritis did not change plasma renin activity. Both hypertensive groups, to about the same degree, had significantly more extensive atherosclerosis than the control group in the abdominal aorta and brachial, iliac-femoral, and carotid arteries. The effect of hypertension was greatest in the carotid arteries where the extent of atherosclerosis was nearly tripled. Hypertension did not influence lesions in the thoracic aorta. By multiple regression analysis, very low plus low density lipoprotein cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and systolic blood pressure were consistently strong predictive variables for the extent of atherosclerotic lesions. Most of the effects of renal hypertension on atherosclerotic lesions appeared to be accounted for by the increase in blood pressure. In the carotid arteries, however, there was a suggestion of an effect above that due to increased blood pressure. Additional analyses indicated that these treatment effects were associated with serum potassium concentration, plasma renin activity, or other closely related variables. PMID- 3899072 TI - Prosthodontic implications of the adolescent cleft palate patient. PMID- 3899073 TI - A longitudinal survey of removable partial dentures. I. Patient assessment of dentures. PMID- 3899074 TI - Hypertension in the elderly. PMID- 3899075 TI - Functional and metabolic characteristics of dissociated mouse pancreatic islet cells in suspension. AB - Free islet cells in suspension were prepared by enzymatic dissociation of isolated pancreatic islets of adult mice. Microscopical examination revealed morphologically well preserved cells which appeared viable to more than 80% as determined by the trypan blue exclusion test. In comparison with whole islets, such cell preparations showed no responsiveness to glucose in terms of insulin release. On the other hand, rates of (pro)insulin biosynthesis, protein biosynthesis and glucose oxidation showed a dose-dependent increase in response to increasing glucose concentrations (1.6-30 mmol/l). These findings indicate that, in spite of a defect to the exocytotic insulin release system, free islet cells displayed a number of properties compatible with a well preserved viability, viz., the retention of glucose sensitive (pro)insulin biosynthesis and metabolism. PMID- 3899076 TI - Optimised growth of human epidermal cells in vitro without the use of a feeder layer or collagen substrate. AB - A culture method has been developed which enables a reasonably large quantity of human epidermal cells to be grown in vitro without the use of irradiated 3T3 feeder layers or collagen substrates. These cultures become confluent within 2 or 3 weeks of initiation, and may be sub-cultured several times over their 16-week average lifespan provided that the calcium levels in the cultured medium are controlled. Some of the potential uses of these cultures are briefly discussed. PMID- 3899077 TI - The correlation between serum IgA antibody levels and resistance to infection with Salmonella typhimurium after oral immunization with various salmonellae. AB - Subsequent to oral feeding of various Salmonella strains to mice, the IgA antibodies directed against the O-somatic antigens of the immunising strain were measured in both serum and intestinal juice, using the ELISA technique. 21 days after oral immunization the IgA antibody levels were relatively high only in those mice which were resistant to challenge with a virulent strain of Salmonella typhimurium. Because there was no correlation between protection and the specificity of the 'O' somatic antigens of the immunising and challenge strains, the IgA antibodies measured were not responsible for protection. Nevertheless, the level of these antibodies affords a good index of the resistance of mice or immune status of mice to Salmonella infection. PMID- 3899078 TI - Human tumour cell lines established using clonal agar culture. AB - Four families of human tumour cell lines--one of uterine, and three of ovarian origin--were established at early passage level from primary biopsy specimens of terminal patients by the propagation of anchorage-independent agar clones in liquid culture. All cell lines exhibited unique and stable characteristics and retained their ability to clone in agar. However, considerable heterogeneity was evident in clonogenic capacity, karyotype, and responsiveness to growth-promoting substances even among progeny of single agar clones isolated from the one biopsy specimen. These cell lines will be made available for further study upon request. PMID- 3899079 TI - Chemonucleolysis: an evolving concept and clinical review. AB - Chemonucleolysis has had a controversial 20 years of probation, and despite growing clinical evidence supporting the efficacy of chymopapain, the concept is still disputed. To evaluate chemonucleolysis 84 patients, treated with chymopapain over 12 months, were assessed before injection and reviewed 5-15 months after injection. All patients had lumbar disc disease which had failed to respond to conservative therapy. Chemonucleolysis was most effective in those patients with classical signs and symptoms of prolapsed lumbar disc disease of less than 3 months' duration and where sciatica was the predominant complaint. Poor results were obtained in those patients with pain for more than 6 months' duration and with predominantly low back pain. Workers' compensation patients did not respond favourably. Good short term results with chemonucleolysis can be expected by careful patient selection and adequate and accurate placement of enzyme. PMID- 3899080 TI - Total hip replacement combined with bone grafting for acetabular dysplasia causing severe osteoarthritis of the hip joint. AB - Over a 10 year period 18 total hip joint arthroplasties (THJA) were performed on 15 patients with disabling osteoarthritis of the hip joint secondary to congenital dislocation or subluxation. In all cases reconstruction of the deficient acetabulum was necessary in order to provide total bony containment of the acetabular prosthesis. This was achieved using a bone graft, fashioned from the femoral head and securing it above the true acetabulum. At follow-up all patients were pain free. Radiographically, there had been no loosening of the acetabular prosthesis and all grafts appear to have united. The operative technique is described in detail. PMID- 3899081 TI - Chemonucleolysis--unexpected new horizons for research. PMID- 3899082 TI - A comparison of inhaled powders of fenoterol and salbutamol in asthma. AB - The present study compares fenoterol and salbutamol powders (0.2 mg). Twenty-five children with frequent episodic asthma, aged 4-9 years, entered a double-blind, randomized, crossover, placebo controlled study. On each of three days fenoterol, salbutamol or placebo were given in random order. Lung function testing and other observations were made before and at set intervals up to 4 h after the treatments. Both inhaled powders increased the forced expired volume in 1 s and the maximum mid-expiratory flow rate significantly above placebo effect. No side effects were observed and there were no significant differences in bronchodilator efficacy between fenoterol and salbutamol. PMID- 3899083 TI - Infant feeding in colonial Australia 1788-1900. AB - In nineteenth century Australia, concern to reduce a high infant mortality rate prompted discussion of various alternatives in infant feeding practices. Breast feeding was encouraged, although problems inherent in the practice of wet nursing were highlighted. Warnings against adulterated milk and poorly prepared cereal food were frequent. At the end of the nineteenth century a consensus had been reached which paved the way for the development of the educative initiatives of the infant welfare movement of the twentieth century. PMID- 3899084 TI - The incidence and type of reactions to plain and adsorbed DTP vaccines. AB - The incidence and type of reactions after administration of plain and adsorbed diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine were recorded in a blind controlled prospective study of 2041 vaccinations in 1075 infants receiving routine childhood immunization. There was no significant difference in the total incidence or type of general reactions after plain and adsorbed vaccine, but local reactions were significantly less frequent after plain vaccine. General reactions were recorded after 41.5% of vaccinations with plain vaccine and after 40.8% of vaccinations with adsorbed vaccine. Local reactions were reported in 66.7% and 76.5% of recipients respectively. The most commonly reported systemic reactions were irritability and fever. Three recipients of plain vaccine and one of adsorbed vaccine suffered hyporesponsiveness or collapse. One recipient of each vaccine suffered a convulsion. No persisting sequelae were recorded. PMID- 3899085 TI - The immunophysiological basis for vaccinating ruminants against mastitis. AB - The roles of humoral and cellular defence mechanisms in protection of the mammary gland against bacterial infection are reviewed. Effective protection depends on opsonisation of pathogens and subsequent phagocytosis by neutrophils. A concomitant requirement for protection is the rapid infiltration of neutrophils into the infected gland. Immunological studies have shown the need to prime animals against antigens expressed by bacteria when they grow in vivo. Vaccination procedures which promote these mammary defence mechanisms are discussed. PMID- 3899086 TI - An evaluation of 4 commercially available ELISA kits for the diagnosis of Dirofilaria immitis infection in dogs. AB - Serum samples from 100 pound dogs were used to evaluate 4 commercial ELISA kits available for the diagnosis of Dirofilaria immitis. The kits were assessed on sensitivity (the ability to identify infected dogs), specificity (the ability to identify uninfected dogs) and accuracy (sensitivity plus specificity). The kits varied in sensitivity from 36% to 86%, in specificity from 44% to 70%, and in accuracy from 53% to 65%. The sensitivity was not affected by the age of the dogs, nor by the number of circulating microfilariae. The kits were most specific when testing the youngest dogs (less than = 3 years). The problems associated with the serological diagnosis of D. immitis infection in practice are discussed. PMID- 3899087 TI - King George V Memorial Hospital, Sydney-Ovarian Cancer Programme (1978-1982). PMID- 3899088 TI - Ultrasound guided chorion biopsy in antenatal diagnosis of genetic disorders. AB - The technique of transcervical chorion biopsy was evaluated in women about to undergo therapeutic termination of pregnancy. The trophoblast biopsy catheter (Portex) under real-time ultrasound guidance was the most reliable in obtaining chorionic villi. The overall success rate for chorion biopsy was 73% in the first 100 patients studied. PMID- 3899089 TI - Vaginal delivery following caesarean section. AB - A retrospective analysis was made of 456 patients who had previously undergone Caesarean section and who were considered suitable for a trial of labour. Sixty percent of patients had a vaginal delivery. Patients with obstructed labour or failure to progress as the indication for primary Caesarean section were significantly more likely to require a repeat operation but 44% of these patients still achieved a vaginal delivery. Patients who had had a vaginal delivery prior to, or subsequent to, the Caesarean section had a low incidence of repeat Caesarean section. X-ray pelvimetry was of limited value in predicting outcome. Intravenous oxytocin was used in 17% of patients. No uterine rupture occurred and no fetal mortality resulted directly due to the trial of labour. Trial of labour following Caesarean section is a safe procedure when conducted in an appropriate hospital setting. PMID- 3899090 TI - Ectopic pregnancy--potentials for diagnosis using ultrasound and urine and serum pregnancy tests. AB - The ultrasound findings from 260 patients with a clinical suspicion of ectopic pregnancy have been analysed and correlated with the results of urine pregnancy tests and tests of serum LH and/or HCG levels. Most importantly in a practical clinical context, it was found that a negative serum test virtually excludes an ectopic pregnancy, and an empty uterus with an adnexal mass and/or the presence of free fluid together with a positive urine test gives a very high probability of an ectopic pregnancy. The absolute diagnosis of an ectopic pregnancy by the demonstration of a living fetus outside the uterus is an uncommon finding (8%). Conversely, an empty uterus alone on ultrasound examination in the absence of other ultrasound findings in those patients with a positive serum test is not a reliable guide to the presence of an ectopic pregnancy unless there is an irrefutable conception date at least 5 weeks previously. It is recommended that pathology laboratories and ultrasound departments establish absolute levels of HCG above which an intrauterine pregnancy should always be visible within the uterus. Given appropriate attention to the clinical condition of the patient, the combined use of diagnostic ultrasound, simple urine pregnancy tests and serum assays of beta HCG levels goes a long way to discriminating between those patients with and those without an ectopic pregnancy. PMID- 3899091 TI - Single dose tinidazole prophylaxis in hysterectomy. AB - The results of this randomized double blind, placebo controlled trial of a single oral dose of 2 g tinidazole or placebo approximately 12 hours before hysterectomy showed the incidence of infective morbidity in patients who received placebo was 12.2% compared with 1.9% in patients who received tinidazole, (p = 0.045). The mean serum concentration of tinidazole at the time of surgery was 35 mcg/ml, which was well in excess of the minimum concentration required to inhibit all of the 95 anaerobes isolated in this study. Serum tinidazole concentration remained adequately inhibitory for at least 24 hours after surgery. The ability of tinidazole prophylaxis to reduce further our already low rate of febrile morbidity was considered a worthwhile gain. It is now Unit policy to give this agent prophylactically to all patients if the integrity of the vagina is likely to be breached at the time of surgery. PMID- 3899092 TI - Vault haematoma after vaginal hysterectomy: an invariable sequel? AB - Fifty consecutive patients undergoing vaginal hysterectomy were studied prospectively by ultrasound to determine the incidence of vault haematoma and the relationship between its size and the development of postoperative pyrexia; 49 patients (98%) had a vault haematoma and 35 (70%) were febrile postoperatively. Large vault haematomas (mean diameter greater than 5 cm) were invariably associated with significant febrile morbidity, whilst 1 in 3 patients with a small haematoma was afebrile. Colporrhaphy did not influence the likelihood of haematoma formation. PMID- 3899093 TI - The effect of porcine relaxin vaginally applied at human embryo transfer in an in vitro fertilization programme. AB - It has been suggested that the polypeptide hormone relaxin is an early pregnancy factor which facilitates implantation and pregnancy maintenance. To test this hypothesis a double blind randomized placebo controlled trial was conducted where 2 mg purified porcine relaxin or distilled water was given in a vaginal gel on the day of embryo transfer and again 3 days later in a human in vitro fertilization (IVF) programme. There were 96 patients in the randomized trial and 73 patients who were treated concurrently in the same IVF programme acted as a further control group. Of the 51 patients who received relaxin, 10 pregnancies were confirmed and 8 continued successfully. In the 45 patients treated with placebo 10 pregnancies were also confirmed and 6 continued successfully. Amongst the 73 patients concurrently treated outside the trial 14 achieved a pregnancy and 10 continued to term. Thus, porcine relaxin given in these circumstances in a human IVF programme did not appear to improve or interfere with the pregnancy rate. Possible factors that affected the implantation rates in this trial are discussed. PMID- 3899094 TI - Sterilization by composite rubber clip. PMID- 3899095 TI - Study of minimal inhibitory concentration of antibiotics on bacteria cultivated in vitro in space (Cytos 2 experiment). AB - The aim of the Cytos 2 experiment, carried out during the French-Soviet manned flight in July 1982, was to study the bacteria's sensitivity to antibiotics cultivated in vitro during the orbital flight, using the bacterial method of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). Two species of bacteria were tested with various antibiotics: Staphylococcus aureus with Oxacillin, Chloramphenicol and Erythromycin; Escherichia coli with Colistin and Kanamycin. The results show an increase in resistance to antibiotics particularly strong in E. coli and weaker in Staphylococcus aureus. Considering these results, we think that there might be a relationship between the increase in resistance to antibiotics and a stimulating effect on growth rate by the factors of environmental space. PMID- 3899097 TI - Aerospace Medical Association. Directory. PMID- 3899096 TI - Food deprivation and exercise in the heat: thermoregulatory and metabolic effects. AB - To determine the effects of food deprivation on the physical, physiological, and metabolic responses to exercise in the heat, adult, male rats (330-360g, N = 16/group) were food-deprived for 24, 48, or 72 h. They were then exercised (9.14m X min-1) in the heat (35.5 degrees C) to hyperthermic exhaustion (Tco approximately 43 degrees C). Food deprivation had no effects on endurance, but ad lib fed controls manifested significantly (p less than 0.05) increased Tco and Tsk during the latter portion of the treadmill interval. While plasma osmolality was significantly (p less than 0.01) increased in all groups as a result of the heat/exercise contingency, hematocrit ratios were elevated (p less than 0.01) as a result of 48 and 72 h of food deprivation. Food deprivation resulted in severe hypoglycemia following exercise (p less than 0.01), and these decrements were accompanied by marked (p less than 0.01) reductions in circulating insulin levels. Prolonged food deprivation (48 and 72 h) resulted in significant (p less than 0.01) hypertriglyceridemia and hyperlactacidemia subsequent to exercise. Levels of sodium, potassium, urea nitrogen, and creatine phosphokinase were unaffected by the food deprivation intervals. We have concluded from these studies that while several thermoregulatory and metabolic responses to exercise in the heat can be significantly affected by food deprivation, short-term endurance capacity was unaltered. PMID- 3899098 TI - [Tolerance levels of growing swine for nonoptimal temperatures and their effect on swine production in the tropics (literature study)]. AB - The components of the thermohygric complex (air temperature, humidity, and speed) affect directly and indirectly pig production in the tropics. The indirect climatic influence is determined by climatic specifics of pig management and nutrition, especially by the available foodstuff. International findings are presented on the problems of the direct influence on pig production performance by the thermal stress on piglets, young and fattening pigs in tropical locations. This is intended to meet the demand for effectivating pig production in the tropics through improving the microclimatic rearing conditions and abolishing or reducing the thermal stress for the pigs in tropical production locations. PMID- 3899099 TI - Aldehyde reductase isozymes in the mouse: evidence for two new loci and localization of Ahr-3 on chromosome 7. AB - Evidence is presented for two new forms of mouse liver and kidney aldehyde reductase activity (designated AHR-3 and AHR-4) resolved using cellulose acetate electrophoresis zymogram techniques and stained by glyceraldehyde and NADPH as substrate and coenzyme, respectively. Activity variants were observed for those isozymes among inbred strains of mice and used in a genetic analyses to support a proposal for two new genetic loci (Ahr-3 and Ah-4) which control the activity phenotype for these isozymes. Segregation analysis indicated that these loci are separately localized on the mouse genome, with Ahr-3 positioned on the distal end of chromosome 7. Liver AHR-2 (or hexonate dehydrogenase) exhibited no detectable phenotypic variation among the 44 inbred strains of mice examined. The AHR-3 and AHR-4 isozymes were readily distinguished from AHR-1 [or aldehyde reductase A2, described previously by Duley and Holmes (Biochem. Genet. 20:1067, 1982)], hexonate dehydrogenase (AHR-2), and alcohol dehydrogenase A2 in terms of their differential substrate, coenzyme, and inhibitor specificities. PMID- 3899101 TI - Amino acid metabolism by perfused rat hindquarter. Effects of insulin, leucine and 2-chloro-4-methylvalerate. AB - Hindquarters from starved rats were perfused without substrates but in the presence of an O2- and CO2-carrying perfluorocarbon emulsion to evaluate principally the metabolism of individual endogenous and protein-derived amino acids by this muscle preparation. This experimental model was shown, by a battery of metabolite measurements, to maintain cellular homoeostasis for at least 2h. The net appearance of most amino acids closely approximated their frequency of occurrence in muscle proteins, showing that they are not significantly metabolized. Exceptions were the branched-chain amino acids, methionine and those amino acids that are interconvertible with intermediates of the citrate cycle and pyruvate through coupled transaminations. The evidence indicates that only valine, isoleucine, aspartate and probably methionine can be catabolized by skeletal muscle to provide carbon precursors for glutamate/glutamine and alanine that are formed de novo by protein-catabolic muscle. The protein-sparing effects of insulin and leucine were confirmed. Although each decreased proteolysis and the net appearance of free amino acids, they were generally without effect on the ratios of amino acids formed. 2-Chloro-4-methylvalerate selectively stimulated the removal rate for the branched-chain amino acids, confirming the idea that the branched-chain oxo acid dehydrogenase normally limits the rate of their oxidation by muscle. It is also concluded that, since alanine was not formed in excess of that found in muscle proteins when no glucose was added as substrate, the excess of alanine (carbon) released from muscles in other studies is derived to a large extent, but not exclusively, from preformed carbohydrate. PMID- 3899102 TI - Interaction of Triton X-100 with the pigment-protein complexes of photosynthetic membranes. AB - The interaction of the non-ionic detergent Triton X-100 with photosynthetic membrane components of Pisum sativum (pea) is described. The detergent affected both the wavelength and the intensity of the 77K fluorescence-emission peaks of both Photosystem I and Photosystem II preparations, in addition to the effects on whole thylakoids recently described by Murphy & Woodrow [(1984) Biochem. J. 224, 989-993]. Below its critical micellar concentration, Triton X-100 had no effect on 77K fluorescence emissions even after prolonged incubations of up to 30 min. Above the critical micellar concentration of about 0.16 mg X ml-1, Triton X-100 caused a dramatic increase in the intensity of the 680 nm emission. The intensity of the 680 nm fluorescence emission continued to increase as more Triton X-100 was added, until limiting concentrations of detergent were reached. These limiting concentrations were proportional to the amount of membrane present and generally occurred at Triton X-100/chlorophyll (w/w) ratios of 100-200:1. In all cases the detergent effect was seen within 10 min, and is often considerably faster, with longer detergent treatments causing no further effects. The data are discussed in terms of a three-stage mechanism for detergent solubilization of membrane components. PMID- 3899100 TI - Structure and function of ribosomal RNA. PMID- 3899104 TI - Comparison of the phosphate-dependent glutaminase obtained from rat brain and kidney. AB - A phosphate-dependent glutaminase was purified 1200-fold from rat brain. In the absence of a polyvalent anion, the glutaminase exists as an inactive protomer which has an estimated Mr of 126000. The addition of 100mM-phosphate causes maximal activation and a dimerization (Mr 249000) of the glutaminase. The phosphate activation is sigmoidal, with a K0.5 of 25mM and a Hill coefficient (h) of 1.5 Glutamate inhibition is competitive with respect to glutamine and is decreased by increasing the concentration of phosphate. Phosphate also decreases the Km for glutamine. The purified glutaminase contains a predominant peptide (Mr 65000) and a minor peptide (Mr 68000) that are present in an approximate ratio of 4:1 respectively. The glutaminase immunoprecipitated from freshly solubilized brain tissue or from synaptosomal and non-synaptosomal brain mitochondria contains the same distribution of the two peptides. In contrast, the glutaminase purified from rat kidney contains five to seven peptides that range in Mr value from 59000 to 48000, and immunoprecipitates derived from freshly solubilized renal tissue contain only the Mr-65000 peptide. Partial proteolysis and size fractionation of the three immunoprecipitated peptides indicate that they are structurally related. The series of peptides characteristic of the purified renal glutaminase is generated on storage of the solubilized extract of kidney tissue. The glutaminase contained in the solubilized brain extract is not degraded unless a renal extract is added. Thus the difference in the pattern of peptides associated with the two purified enzymes is due to an endogenous renal proteinase that is not present in brain. PMID- 3899103 TI - Collagen genes and inherited connective tissue disease. PMID- 3899105 TI - Purification and characterization of goblet-cell mucin of high Mr from the small intestine of sheep. AB - Crude soluble mucus from sheep small intestine was freed of nearly all the nucleic acid contaminants by precipitation with protamine sulphate and treatment with nucleases. After removal of non-covalently bound proteins by equilibrium density-gradient centrifugation in CsCl, a high-Mr glycoprotein was isolated by repeated h.p.l.c. from the partially purified mucin. The high degree of purity of the high-Mr mucin was borne out by (a) the observation of a single boundary on analytical ultracentrifugation in the presence of 5M-guanidinium chloride and (b) the observation of apparent monodispersity on sedimentation-equilibrium analysis. The Mr of the highly purified mucin, determined by sedimentation equilibrium, was 5.0 (+/- 0.1) X 10(6) and was concentration-independent. Finally, only goblet cells and the mucus blanket lining the intestinal epithelial cells were immunofluorescent when guinea-pig anti-(highly purified mucin) serum was used in an indirect immunofluorescence assay. The above antiserum reacted with apparently equal strength with goblet cells and with free mucin in abomasum, caecum and colon. The chemical composition of the glycoprotein was 66% carbohydrate and 34% protein, 45% of the latter being composed of valine and threonine. The glycoprotein migrated anodally on immunoelectrophoresis and contained 7.1% (w/w) sulphate. Neutral hexoses accounted for nearly half of the total carbohydrate content, followed by galactosamine and glucosamine. Whereas fucose and sialic acid were present in only small amounts, uronic acid was not detectable in the highly purified mucus glycoprotein. PMID- 3899106 TI - Characterization of human interleukin 2 derived from Escherichia coli. AB - Interleukin 2 isolated from Escherichia coli cells expressing the human interleukin gene has been characterized. The observed properties of the protein have been compared with those properties which can be deduced from the DNA sequence alone and the published properties of natural human interleukin 2. The purified E. coli-derived interleukin 2 is a monomeric protein of Mr 15 000 with a sedimentation velocity of 1.86S. The amino acid composition of the protein and isoelectric point (7.7) are consistent with that part of the translated DNA sequence of the gene corresponding to the mature protein. A single disulphide bridge was identified between Cys-58 and Cys-105. C.d. suggested that interleukin 2 is predominantly alpha-helical in secondary structure. The E. coli-derived protein differed from natural interleukin 2 in the presence of N-terminal methionine and also in the absence of a carbohydrate moiety. Removal of the coding region for the first three amino acids of the natural interleukin 2 protein sequence (Ala-Pro-Thr) by site-specific mutagenesis resulted in a protein with N-terminal serine. The possibility that the specificity of the E. coli ribosomal methionine aminopeptidase may not recognize the sequence NH2-Met-Xaa Pro is discussed (where Xaa is any amino acid residue). PMID- 3899107 TI - Ionophore activity of sarcotoxin I, a bactericidal protein of Sarcophaga peregrina. AB - When Escherichia coli was treated with sarcotoxin I, a potent bactericidal protein of Sarcophaga peregrina (fleshfly), K+ inside of the cells leaked out rapidly and the ATP pool of the cells rapidly decreased. These results suggested that the bactericidal effect of sarcotoxin I was due to its ionophore activity, and that it blocked the generation of ATP by inhibiting formation of the proton gradient essential for oxidative phosphorylation. This was confirmed by use of an uncA mutant, which was much less susceptible than the wild-type strain to sarcotoxin I under fixed ionic conditions. PMID- 3899108 TI - The effect of synthetic analogues of chymostatin upon protein degradation in isolated skeletal muscle. AB - A series of peptides based on the structure of the proteinase inhibitor chymostatin were tested for their toxicity and ability to suppress protein degradation in the isolated mouse diaphragm. The inhibitory activities of the analogues were very similar, in marked contrast to their disparate abilities as inhibitors of chymotrypsin. Toxicity was determined by measurement of the rates of protein synthesis and of leakage of lactate dehydrogenase into the incubation medium. No significant toxicity was measurable at concentrations of inhibitor that were effective at suppressing proteolysis. The structural features of the chymostatin molecule may be less than optimal for suppression of proteolysis in muscle. PMID- 3899109 TI - The role of tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase in the hormonal control of tryptophan metabolism in isolated rat liver cells. Effects of glucocorticoids and experimental diabetes. AB - The metabolism of L-tryptophan by isolated liver cells prepared from control, adrenalectomized, glucocorticoid-treated, acute-diabetic, chronic-diabetic and insulin-treated chronic-diabetic rats was studied. Liver cells from adrenalectomized rats metabolized tryptophan at rates comparable with the minimum diurnal rates of controls, but different from rates determined for cells from control rats 4h later. Administration of dexamethasone phosphate increased the activity of tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (EC 1.13.11.11) 7-8-fold, and the flux through the kynurenine pathway 3-4-fold, in cells from both control and adrenalectomized rats. Increases in flux through kynureninase (EC 3.7.1.3) and to acetyl-CoA can be explained in terms of increased substrate supply from tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase. The metabolism of tryptophan was increased 3-fold in liver cells isolated from acutely (3 days) diabetic rats, with a 7-8-fold increase in the maximal activity of tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase. The oxidation of tryptophan to CO2 and metabolites of the glutarate pathway increased 4-5-fold, consistent with an increase in picolinate carboxylase (EC 4.1.1.45) activity. Liver cells isolated from chronic (10 days) diabetic rats metabolized tryptophan at rates comparable with those of cells from acutely diabetic rats, but with a 50% decrease in the activity of tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase. The proportion of flux from tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase to acetyl-CoA, however, was increased by 50%; this was indicative of further increases in the activity of picolinate carboxylase. Administration of insulin partially reversed the effects of chronic diabetes on the activity of tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase and flux through the kynurenine pathway, but had no effect on the increased activity of picolinate carboxylase. The role of tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase in regulating the blood tryptophan concentration is discussed with reference to its sensitivity to the above conditions. PMID- 3899110 TI - Characteristics of hepatitis B surface antigen produced in yeast. AB - We have constructed an expression plasmid for regulated expression of the hepatitis B surface antigen gene in yeast using promoter of the yeast Pho5 gene. In the yeast transformants, the monomeric HBsAg (22K dalton) was estimated to constitute approximately 3% of the total proteins. On extraction, the HBsAg was found to have a buoyant density of 1.18 g/ml and an Sw.20 value of 54. Electron microscopy revealed particles of heterogeneous size ranging from 18-28 nm. When the yeast HBsAg was used to immunize guinea pigs, the anti-HBsAg antibodies produced could react with human serum HBsAg. PMID- 3899111 TI - Characterization of methylglyoxal synthase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - Methylglyoxal synthase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae was purified approximately 300 folds from cell extracts with 20% of activity yield. During purification procedures, polymorphic behaviours of the enzyme were observed. The purified enzyme was homogeneous on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and consisted of a single polypeptide chain of Mr = 26,000. The enzyme was most active at pH 9.5 10.5 and strictly specific to dihydroxyacetone phosphate with Km = 3 mM. Phosphoenolpyruvate, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, orthophosphate and thiol compounds were potent inhibitors of the enzyme. PMID- 3899112 TI - The production and characterization of a monoclonal antibody specific for the 94,000 dalton enkephalin-degrading peptidase from rabbit kidney brush border. AB - We have prepared a monoclonal antibody specific for a major 94,000 dalton protein from the brush border membrane of rabbit kidney cortex. The monoclonal antibody was used for the immunoaffinity purification of this protein after solubilization of brush border membranes with octylglucoside. The 94,000 dalton protein is a peptidase capable of cleaving the Gly3-Phe4 bond of methionine-enkephalin. Identification of this peptidase as a previously described 94,000 dalton enkephalinase of kidney cortex was confirmed by its sensitivity to EDTA and inhibitors such as thiorphan and phosphoramidon. PMID- 3899114 TI - The precursor to ornithine carbamyl transferase is transported to mitochondria as a 5S complex containing an import factor. AB - The precursor to ornithine carbamyl transferase (Mr = 40,000) was synthesized in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate system and purified by immunoaffinity chromatography. Import of purified precursor by isolated mitochondria depended upon the presence of import factor(s) in fresh reticulocyte lysate. Velocity sedimentation analyses indicated that import factor binds to precursor to form a 5S complex (approximately 90 kDa); in this form, precursor was efficiently imported by isolated mitochondria. The ability of the 5S complex to deliver precursor into mitochondria was not affected by pretreatment with high concentrations of RNase. Import factor did not bind to mitochondria in the absence of precursor; upon binding of precursor to mitochondria in the presence of import factor, subsequent transmembrane uptake of precursor did not require the continued presence of additional lysate components. PMID- 3899113 TI - Binding of the bidentate inhibitor [3H]HACBO-Gly to the rat brain neutral endopeptidase "enkephalinase". AB - The synthesis and binding properties to rat brain tissue of the enkephalinase inhibitor [3H] N-[(R,S)-3-hydroxyaminocarbonyl-2-benzyl-1-oxopropyl]-glycine ([3H]HACBO-Gly, 45 Ci/mmole) is reported. [3H]HACBO-Gly binding to membranes from various rat brain tissue is saturable (KD = 0.4 +/- 0.05 nM) and linearly related to the amount of tissue. Non specific binding is less than 15% of total binding at the KD concentration. The regional distribution of [3H]HACBO-Gly binding and enkephalinase activity are closely correlated with highest levels in striatum and substantia nigra. The efficiency of inhibitors of various peptidases (thiorphan, captopril, bestatin ...) to inhibit [3H]HACBO-Gly binding or enkephalinase activity are similar. These results indicate that [3H]HACBO-Gly binds selectively to enkephalinase. This compound should help to clarify the localization of the enzyme in the CNS. PMID- 3899115 TI - A sensitive two-site enzyme immunoassay for human epidermal growth factor (urogastrone). AB - A sensitive enzyme immunoassay (EIA) was developed for human epidermal growth factor (hEGF) or urogastrone, which was isolated from human urine. Our EIA system is based on the sandwiching of an antigen between anti-hEGF IgG coated on a polystyrene tube and anti-hEGF antibody Fab'-linked beta-D-galactosidase (beta-D galactosidase, EC 3.2.1.23). This method has the advantages that the procedures are simple and rapid and that the antibody Fab'-beta-D-galactosidase complex is more stable than radioisotope-labeled IgG. Purified hEGF is detectable at as low as 100 pg/ml, which is very sensitive compared to the radioimmuno-assays or radioreceptor assays already reported. Using this new EIA system, hEGF levels in human urine were examined. The values for normal males and females were 48.4 and 83.5 ng/mg creatinine, respectively, which shows that females excrete 1.7 times more hEGF than males. PMID- 3899116 TI - Ribosomes from a relC mutant strain of Escherichia coli show altered activity with bacterial release factor-1. AB - Ribosomes from a relC mutant of Escherichia coli, JF505, are altered in the large subunit protein L11. This protein has abnormal mobility on gel electrophoresis. The ribosomes have a lowered specific activity for release factor-1 which is intermediate between that found for ribosomes containing normal L11 and that for L11 lacking ribosomes. JF505 ribosomes are as sensitive to inactivation of in vitro termination by thiostrepton as normal ribosomes when the antibiotic is added in dimethylsulphoxide but less sensitive when it is added in ethanol. PMID- 3899117 TI - Effects of metabolic inhibitors on the distribution of 45-Ca in subcellular fractions from pancreatic islets. AB - It is well established that intracellular calcium buffering is of vital importance for the regulation of insulin release. The metabolic inhibitors, cyanide and N-ethylmaleimide, both decreased the 45-Ca content of a mitochondrial fraction isolated from glucose-stimulated pancreatic islets. We suggest that the main mechanism behind this decrease is an impaired uptake of the isotope, since cyanide had no effect on the 45-Ca wash-out from the mitochondrial fraction of preloaded islets. PMID- 3899118 TI - Anomeric dissociation between glucokinase activity and glycolysis in pancreatic islets. AB - In pancreatic islet homogenates incubated in the presence of a high glucose concentration (40 mM), the beta-anomer of D-glucose is phosphorylated at a higher rate than the alpha-anomer, whether in the absence or presence of exogenous glucose 6-phosphate. However, in intact islets also exposed to 40 mM D-glucose, the production of 3H2O from D-[5-3H] glucose, the oxidation of D-[U-14C] glucose and the glucose-induced increment in either lactate production or 45Ca net uptake, as well as the release of insulin from isolated perfused pancreases, are not higher with beta- than alpha-D-glucose. It is concluded that the rate of glucose utilization by islet cells is not regulated solely by the activity of hexokinase and/or glucokinase. PMID- 3899119 TI - A study of the uptake of chloroquine in malaria-infected erythrocytes. High and low affinity uptake and the influence of glucose and its analogues. AB - A study of concentration- and substrate-dependence of chloroquine uptake has been carried out on mouse erythrocytes infected with the chloroquine-sensitive NK65 and the chloroquine-resistant RC strains of Plasmodium berghei. The presence of drug binding sites of high and low affinity in such strains of P. berghei was confirmed. High affinity uptake sites in cells parasitized with chloroquine sensitive and chloroquine-resistant parasites have similar characteristics, but in the sensitive strain the major component of chloroquine-uptake is at high affinity and dependent on the availability of ATP whilst in the resistant strain the major component of uptake is at low affinity and independent of energy. An absolute increase in the quantity of the low affinity site in erythrocytes parasitized with chloroquine-resistant P. berghei was noted, which may be related to an increase in quantity of parasite membrane. PMID- 3899120 TI - The effects of inhibiting choline dehydrogenase on choline metabolism in mice. AB - 3,3-Dimethylbutanol (Dimbunol), a competitive inhibitor of choline dehydrogenase (CDH), and ethylcholine mustard aziridinium (ECMA), an effective irreversible inhibitor of both CDH and choline transport, were investigated for their effects upon the uptake and metabolism of [3H]choline in mice. Thirty minutes after Dimbunol administration (i.p. 0.5 mmoles/kg) a reduction in the rate of choline oxidation was accompanied by an inhibition of choline phosphorylation in the kidney. Choline had accumulated to 5-fold the control level. After ECMA (i.v. 4 mumoles/kg), kidney choline was elevated 18-fold and both oxidation and phosphorylation rates were severely inhibited. In the liver Dimbunol inhibited oxidation and phosphorylation of choline and generated a 2-fold rise in tissue choline. Ethylcholine mustard aziridinium inhibited both oxidation and phosphorylation in the liver to the same extent as in the kidney but produced only a 3-fold elevation of choline. Dimbunol failed to elevate serum choline 30 min after administration and brain choline and acetylcholine levels were also unchanged. Serum choline was doubled by ECMA. These studies suggest that both transport across the renal tubules and oxidation may be important in choline regulation, that high levels of choline may accumulate in the liver and kidney which are not available for acetylcholine synthesis but that longer term studies on the effects of Dimbunol might reveal useful ways of facilitating sustained elevation of serum choline in precursor therapy. PMID- 3899121 TI - Separation of enkephalin-degrading enzymes from longitudinal muscle layer of bovine small intestine. Enzyme inhibition by arphamenine A. AB - The enkephalin-degrading enzymes, such as aminopeptidase, dipeptidyl aminopeptidase, dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase and carboxypeptidase, were purified partially by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography, using longitudinal muscle from bovine small intestine. These enzyme were inhibited by EDTA and o-phenanthroline. Several protease inhibitors of microbial origin, and synthetic compounds, were tested for their abilities to inhibit these enkephalin-degrading enzymes. Among them, arphamenine A, a new potent inhibitor for aminopeptidase B, was shown to be a useful compound in inhibiting all of the enkephalin-degrading enzymes in small intestine. PMID- 3899122 TI - Aromatase inhibition and its pharmacologic implications. PMID- 3899123 TI - [Synthesis of lipid A analogs. Obtaining conjugates of 6-phosphate 2-desoxy-2-(3 hydroxymyristoyl)amino-D-glucose with polymer carriers and their immunological properties]. AB - The derivatives of 2-acylamino-6-O-(2-aminoethyl) phosphono-3-deoxy-D-glucose acylated with acetic or D,L-3-hydroxytetradecanoic acid were obtained, and their 31P-and 13C-NMR spectra investigated. These haptens were bound with a polysaccharide (Ficoll) or proteins (albumins, bovine gamma-globulin). The protein conjugates were immunogenic in rabbits, specific antibodies against the hapten being revealed by two immunochemical methods. As shown by the enzyme linked immunoadsorbent assay, the specific rabbit antiserum reacted with lipid A from Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. PMID- 3899124 TI - A rheumatoid arthritis B cell subset expresses a phenotype similar to that in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. AB - An abnormal subpopulation of B cells expressing the T1 antigen, which is normally restricted to T cells, was demonstrated in the peripheral blood of 16 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. This T1+ B cell population accounted for a mean of 19.6% (upper limit 48%) of the circulating B cells and did not correlate with clinical disease activity, rheumatoid factor, or drug treatment. The highest percentage of T1+ B cells found in the blood of 8 patients with connective tissue diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus, was 5% of the B cells, and for normal controls, it was was 3% of the B cells. As previously reported, we confirmed that the T1+,Ig+ phenotype was a feature of leukemic cells in B-type chronic lymphocytic leukemia. The finding of increased numbers of T1+ B cells in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and those with B-type chronic lymphocytic leukemia raises the possibility that these cells play a role in a spectrum of diseases, including those involving autoimmunity and malignancy. PMID- 3899125 TI - No demonstrable relationship between IgM and IgG antinuclear antibody levels and acetylator phenotype in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - To ascertain the possible influence of acetylator phenotype on antinuclear antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), we assayed sera from 11 rapid acetylators and 10 slow acetylators for IgM and IgG antibodies to chromatin, histones, denatured DNA, and native DNA. Whereas the majority of SLE patients of both acetylator phenotypes had elevated levels of antibodies to all 4 antigens compared with normal controls, there was no difference in antibody activities between slow acetylator patients versus rapid acetylator patients for these antigens. We conclude that levels of antibody to chromatin, histones, and DNA in SLE patients are similar irrespective of acetylator phenotype, and that if a protective effect of slow acetylation on spontaneous development of antinuclear antibodies does occur, a prospective study of presymptomatic individuals at high risk for lupus may be required to reveal this effect. PMID- 3899126 TI - Pulmonary carcinosarcoma and carcinoma: report of a case studied by electron microscopy, with critical review of the literature. AB - About 50 cases of pulmonary carcinosarcoma have been reported in the French and English literature. They have rarely coexisted with non-pulmonary neoplasms, never with other primary lung tumors. This report describes a 68 year old male smoker with a carcinosarcoma developing in the right upper lobe, one and a half years after a left upper lobectomy for a scar adenocarcinoma. By light microscopy, there was an admixture of adenocarcinomatous, chondrosarcomatous, and malignant spindle cell and giant cell areas. Electron microscopy showed well and poorly differentiated epithelial, smooth muscle and cartilaginous elements. This case is of interest because of its occurrence with another lung primary tumor; the specific diagnosis was made by transthoracic needle aspiration; and of the ultrastructural features. In the literature, carcinosarcomas have been divided into an endobronchial type, in which the carcinomatous component is squamous in 91% of cases, and a peripheral type, in which it is glandular in 50% of cases; the sarcomatous component shows no such correlation with type. The theories for the histogenesis of these tumors revolve around the concept that the carcinoma is the principal element, and the sarcomatous or stromal change secondary. Therefore, on the basis of this case, and of our literature review dealing with the pathology, clinical features and histogenesis of these tumors, we suggest that carcinosarcomas share important features with lung carcinomas. PMID- 3899127 TI - [Papillary "endometrial" adenocarcinoma of the bladder neck. Light and electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry]. AB - A case of papillary adenocarcinoma, developed on the urinary bladder neck is reported. This tumor is histologically identical to so called endometrial carcinoma of the prostate. Immunohistochemistry showed acid phosphatases and prostatic specific antigen (PSA) positive cells. Electron microscopy disclosed secretory vacuoles consistent with a prostatic origin. The histogenesis of endometrial carcinoma is briefly discussed likewise the precise site of origin of the reported case. PMID- 3899128 TI - [The fibroblast]. AB - The fibroblast, major cell of connective tissue, secretes the various elements of interstitium: collagens, proelastin, glycoproteins and proteoglycans. It maintains the turnover of these structures and intervenes, also, in the cholesterol LDL metabolism. These various properties explains its different morphological aspects. In young patients, it is an active secretory cell. Its voluminous cytoplasm contains a well developed endoplasmic reticulum and others organelles. It is always in close connection with collagen fibers. The cytoskeleton consists of a fine network visible throughout the cytoplasm and near of secretory areas. In adult patients, the fibroblast keeps the same characteristics, but the endoplasmic reticulum is poorer than in young subjects. In old patients (physiologic or pathologic ageing) it becomes a quiescent cell. It is a flattened cell; its cytoplasm contains a poorly developed endoplasmic reticulum and numerous dense bodies. Its cytoskeleton is characterized by voluminous fascicles or bundles of microfilaments into large cytoplasmic areas. This modified fibroblast has not direct contact with collagen. In all cases, various stimuli can: activate the fibroblast. Then this cell becomes a large cell with very abundant reticulum endoplasmic, ribosomes, polysomes, and numerous secretory vesicles. It is an active secreting cell; becomes fibroblast and; change into myofibroblast by presence of myofilaments in its cytoplasm. PMID- 3899129 TI - [Immunocytochemical detection of laminin by light and electron microscopy: study of changes in the basement membrane in tumor pathology]. AB - A wide range of normal human tissue samples including cervix, endometrium, thyroid, pancreas, parotid, breast, placenta, gastric mucosae, striated muscle were compared with tumorous and non tumorous disorders (thyroiditis, Graves disease, follicular adenoma, thyroid carcinomas, breast cystic disease, fibroadenoma, adenosis, breast carcinomas) using anti-laminin and Avidin Biotin Peroxidase complex method on frozen sections (light microscopy study) and vibratome cut 100 micrometer-thick-sections (electron microscopy study). It was shown that laminin was located in the lamina densa of basement membranes (BM) in normal human tissue and visible on BM like structures around decidua cells, BM were abnormally thick and often multilayered but continuous and laminin positive in intraductal breast carcinomas and well differentiated follicular carcinomas of thyroid, in invasive carcinomas laminin immunostaining displayed an heterogeneous pattern with disruptions and even may completely disappeared, in tumor stroma, blood vessels BM had a laminin abnormal staining with a multilayered pattern. Since laminin is involved in cell attachment to basement membrane through specific receptors to laminin and to biochemical components of modified interstitium found in tumorous disorders, laminin immunohistochemical detection constitutes a valuable method for a better understanding of tumor cells diffusion and metastases development. PMID- 3899130 TI - [Immunodetection of gastrin-like peptides in routine electron microscopy by the "immunogold" method]. AB - The present immunoelectron microscopic study was carried out in order to evaluate the influence of several technical parameters of the immunogold staining procedure on the labelling intensity of gastrin-storing cells in normal and pathological states. Ultra-thin sections of double-fixed Epon embedded human pyloric mucosa were immunolabelled using a C-terminal directed antigastrin serum, followed by colloidal gold linked immunoglobulins. When the labelling density occurring over the endocrine secretory granules was quantitatively evaluated, the following conclusions could be drawn: the density increased dramatically when particles of decreasing diameter (40 nm, 20 nm, 10 nm) were comparatively used, the dilution of the primary antiserum had to be adjusted in order to obtain an intense specific labelling together with a negligible background (non specific) labelling. However, a long incubation time of the primary antiserum, as well as the use of etching procedures, resulted in an increase of the labelling density when a highly diluted antiserum was applied. Subsequent attempts to immunolabel ultrathin sections of gastrin-secreting malignant tumours showed that the goal could be achieved on tissues routinely processed for electron microscopy, provide the previous parameters were carefully selected according to the control G cell model. PMID- 3899131 TI - Treatment of presumed asystole during pre-hospital cardiac arrest: superiority of electrical countershock. AB - Standard drug therapy for asystole during cardiac arrest includes epinephrine, atropine, and calcium chloride (CaCl). Recent studies have shown that ventricular fibrillation (VF) can appear to be asystole when recorded from the chest surface. To determine the efficacy of these drugs and electrical countershock for asystole, a group of 83 adult nontraumatic cardiac arrest victims (55 men, 28 women, mean age of 64 +/- 14 years) were studied. Asystole appeared at some time during arrest in 44 patients (53%) and was the initial rhythm in 24 (29%). The rate of survival to hospital discharge was significantly higher in patients whose initial rhythm was VF (46%) than in patients whose initial rhythm was asystole (0%). Epinephrine, CaCl and atropine infrequently changed the rhythm from asystole. Electrical countershock infrequently altered the rhythm from asystole when it appeared as the initial rhythm. However, countershock was significantly more effective than epinephrine (P less than 0.003), atropine (P less than 0.04), or CaCl (P less than 0.03) in altering the rhythm from asystole, which appeared later in resuscitation. Ventricular fibrillation was the most common rhythm appearing after countershock for asystole. Countershock appears to be superior to epinephrine, CaCl, and atropine for treating asystole during the course of resuscitation, suggesting that the rhythm diagnosed as asystole may actually be VF in many cases. PMID- 3899133 TI - Cardiopulmonary resuscitation and sudden cardiac death: an annotated bibliography of the 1984 literature. PMID- 3899132 TI - Narcotic withdrawal in the emergency department. AB - Patients in narcotic withdrawal can be very disruptive in an emergency department. An understanding of the dynamics of narcotic addiction and withdrawal is useful for the emergency physician. Narcotics are used for the euphoria they provide; however, chronic use results in physiological and psychological changes. Research into the endorphin system has provided a model of narcotic addiction and withdrawal. Effective therapies now exist for use in the emergency department. PMID- 3899135 TI - [Congenital malaria]. PMID- 3899134 TI - Chlamydia, group B streptococcus, and herpes in pregnancy. PMID- 3899136 TI - [Ultrasonic diagnosis of an intestinal polyp in a child]. PMID- 3899137 TI - [Gunther Weitzel, 10 May 1915-29 June 1984. His life, his personality and his work]. PMID- 3899138 TI - Effect of ambroxol on human phagocytic cell function. AB - The in vitro effects of ambroxol on phagocytic and microbicidal activities of human neutrophils and monocytes have been studied. Preincubation of neutrophils with ambroxol (10 to 100 ng/ml) had no effect on their phagocytic or microbicidal capacities. On the other hand, when monocytes were preincubated for 24 hours with ambroxol a significant increase of their microbicidal activity was observed, without effect on the phagocytic properties. PMID- 3899139 TI - [Early oviposition in Serinus canaria after endonasal administration of Gn-RH. (Preliminary research)]. PMID- 3899140 TI - Ultrasonographic anatomy and physiology of the fetal kidney. AB - The aim of this work was to demonstrate the impact of ultrasonography in utero to gain a better understanding of the anatomy, growth, anatomical variations and function of the fetal kidney and urinary tract. Three main topics are discussed in this paper based on the authors' personal experience and data from the literature: 1) the technique of ultrasonography in utero, including the main difficulties encountered and limitations of this technique; 2) ultrasonographic study of the morphology, growth and anatomical variations of the fetal kidney. The length of the fetal kidney was found to be the most significant parameter for assessment of its growth. At term, the kidney measures slightly more than 4 cm in length, while the renal pelvis is usually no more than 10 mm thick; 3) current knowledge of the physiology of the fetal urinary apparatus especially the kidney. Excretory function of the kidney begins in the third month of gestation and its main role involves the regulation of the amniotic fluid. PMID- 3899141 TI - Effect of oral and intravenous calcium load on glucose-induced insulin secretion in obese children. AB - The effect of intravenous (IV) (10 ml of 10% calcium gluconate) and oral (3 g calcium) calcium on plasma immunoreactive insulin (IRI) and blood glucose levels was investigated during intravenous (0.5 g/kg bwt. glucose) and oral (1.75 g/kg bwt. glucose) glucose tolerance test in 21 control (body fat 14.0 +/- 0.5%) and 34 obese (body fat 36.1 +/- 0.7%) children. Calcium given before IV glucose tolerance test and IV or oral calcium by itself did not alter blood glucose and plasma IRI concentrations in either group. Oral calcium load significantly increased the glucose-induced IRI response and decreased the blood glucose levels in obese children with impaired glucose tolerance (n = 7) compared to the levels without calcium. Since IV calcium did not alter the plasma IRI concentration, it has been assumed that oral calcium exerts its effect by influencing the secretion of an insulin secretogogue gastrointestinal factor (gastric inhibitory polypeptide ?). This effect, however, was observed only in obese children with impaired glucose tolerance. PMID- 3899142 TI - [Afferent projections to the motor cortex--a hodological review]. PMID- 3899143 TI - Advice on producing an accurate impression and working cast for construction of partial dentures. PMID- 3899144 TI - Acid-etching and the fracture of rubber dam clamps. PMID- 3899145 TI - Nicola Boissard Research Fund. First British research chair in oral biochemistry. PMID- 3899146 TI - Periodontally involved cementum: some aspects of its management old and new. PMID- 3899147 TI - Memoirs of James Heesom (1839-1925). PMID- 3899149 TI - Bicentenary of An Account of the Foxglove. Historical address given at Edgbaston Parish Church, Birmingham. PMID- 3899148 TI - Drug treatment of heart failure. PMID- 3899150 TI - Withering and the foxglove: the making of a myth. PMID- 3899151 TI - Valvar prosthetic dysfunction. Localisation and evaluation of the dysfunction using the Doppler technique. AB - Thirty patients with 33 mitral or aortic prostheses or both were examined using the pulsed Doppler technique combined with cross sectional echocardiography to study the applicability of the Doppler technique in the diagnosis and evaluation of the severity of prosthetic dysfunction and to assess the ability of the mapping procedure to estimate the site and the size of the prosthetic defect. The dysfunction was valvar regurgitation in 29 instances and stenoses in eight, all of which were confirmed by invasive procedures. The severity of the dysfunction was graded on a three point scale. A control group of 73 subjects with 88 normal prostheses also underwent pulsed Doppler and cross sectional echocardiography. The pulsed Doppler study followed the usual procedure for a valvar disease including two and three dimensional mapping for regurgitation. Eight patients also underwent a continuous wave Doppler examination. The diagnostic reliability of the pulsed Doppler technique was greater than or equal to 90%. The severity of the dysfunction was accurately assessed in 86% of cases. In the case of aortic regurgitation, mapping of the jets was performed as easily for prostheses as for native regurgitant valves. In the case of mitral regurgitation, the mapping patterns depended on the cause of the dysfunction. With valvar tears, a jet was detected at the centre of the annulus, and with paravalvar leaks eccentric atrial jets were seen opposite the site of the leak. The pulsed Doppler and the surgical findings correlated well for both the site of the dysfunction (16/20 (80%) patients) and the size of the leak (13/16 (81%) patients). Thus, despite some limitations, pulsed Doppler and particularly the mapping procedure provide sufficient information to give an accurate non-invasive assessment of prosthetic valve dysfunction. PMID- 3899152 TI - Dihydroergotamine in the prevention of hypotension associated with extradural anaesthesia. AB - The efficacy of a single dose of dihydroergotamine (DHE) 0.5 mg i.v. in preventing the decrease in arterial pressure resulting from extradural anaesthesia was studied in 47 patients; 24 received DHE and 23 a placebo, in a randomized double-blind manner. Although the decrease in systolic arterial pressure was more pronounced in the placebo group than in the DHE group, the difference was not significant. Diastolic and mean arterial pressures were both significantly lower in the placebo group than in the DHE group during the initial phase of extradural anaesthesia. Administration of DHE did not cause any significant changes in heart rate. In both groups the heart rate decreased significantly during the 5-h period following the induction of extradural anaesthesia. The patients in the placebo group needed additional medication to increase unacceptably low arterial pressures or heart rate more frequently than the patients in the DHE group. PMID- 3899153 TI - Prednisolone protein binding in renal transplant patients. AB - Prednisolone pharmacokinetics and protein binding characteristics were studied in 10 renal transplant patients with various degrees of renal function (serum creatinine: 80-380 mumol/l) who received their usual oral maintenance dose of prednisolone (0.18 +/- 0.04 mg/kg). Plasma was assayed for prednisolone and hydrocortisone by h.p.l.c. and free prednisolone concentrations were determined in each sample by a rapid ultrafiltration technique. Free prednisolone area under curve (AUCu) ranged from 101 to 436 ng ml-1 h and was 6.3 to 15.0% of total prednisolone AUC. The fraction AUCu/AUC was closely related to serum albumin and creatinine concentrations determined at the time of study (multilinear regression correlation coefficient r2 = 0.830, P less than 0.0001); elevated serum creatinine and low albumin concentrations were associated with a higher % free. These results suggest that much of the variability in prednisolone protein binding could be attributed to inter-patient variability in serum albumin and creatinine concentrations. Total prednisolone concentrations would be potentially misleading in any comparisons made between patient groups with different renal function. PMID- 3899155 TI - Production of monoclonal antibodies against human epithelial membrane antigen for use in diagnostic immunocytochemistry. AB - Two monoclonal murine antibodies have been raised against a delipidated extract of human cream. These antibodies were detected by immunohistological screening of hybridoma culture supernatants on sections of human breast tissue. One of those antibodies (E29) was subsequently screened against a range of normal and neoplastic human tissues and shown to react with a wide variety of human epithelia and with mesothelial cells. Antibody E29 was unreactive with other cell types, with the exception of occasional plasma cells. Antibody E29 is suitable for use on paraffin embedded tissue and represents a valuable reagent for the identification of tumours of epithelial origin. PMID- 3899156 TI - A new monoclonal antibody to epithelial membrane antigen (EMA)-E29. A comparison of its immunocytochemical reactivity with polyclonal anti-EMA antibodies and with another monoclonal antibody, HMFG-2. AB - Two polyclonal rabbit antibodies to epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), two mouse monoclonal antibodies (E29 and HMFG-2), and a "cocktail" of these two monoclonals have been compared using an indirect immunoperoxidase technique. Sections from 25 tissues (17 malignant and 8 benign), were examined. The distribution of staining with each of these reagents was similar, but the polyclonal antibodies produced stronger staining in colorectal carcinomas and lactating breast, whereas staining with the monoclonal antibodies was stronger in non-neoplastic pleural mesothelium and in pulmonary alveolar cells. When the two monoclonals were mixed there was no increase in staining intensity. E29 gave a "cleaner" result than HMFG-2, with better discrimination between cells and stroma, and is highly suitable for routine diagnostic histopathology. PMID- 3899157 TI - Investigation of infection in immunocompromised patients. PMID- 3899154 TI - The 1985 Walter Hubert lecture. Malignant cell differentiation as a potential therapeutic approach. AB - Most drugs available for cancer chemotherapy exert their effects through cytodestruction. Although significant advances have been attained with these cytotoxic agents in several malignant diseases, response is often accompanied by significant morbidity and many common malignant tumours respond poorly to existing cytotoxic therapy. Development of chemotherapeutic agents with non cytodestructive actions appears desirable. Considerable evidence exists which indicates that (a) the malignant state is not irreversible and represents a disease of altered maturation, and (b) some experimental tumour systems can be induced by chemical agents to differentiate to mature end-stage cells with no proliferative potential. Thus, it is conceivable that therapeutic agents can be developed which convert cancer cells to benign forms. To study the phenomenon of blocked maturation, squamous carcinoma SqCC/Y1 cells were employed in culture. Using this system it was possible to demonstrate that physiological levels of retinoic acid and epidermal growth factor were capable of preventing the differentiation of these malignant keratinocytes into a mature tissue-like structure. The terminal differentiation caused by certain antineoplastic agents was investigated in HL-60 promyelocytic leukaemia cells to provide information on the mechanism by which chemotherapeutic agents induce cells to by-pass a maturation block. The anthracyclines aclacinomycin A and marcellomycin were potent inhibitors of N-glycosidically linked glycoprotein biosynthesis and transferrin receptor activity, and active inducers of maturation; temporal studies suggested that the biochemical effects were associated with the differentiation process. 6-Thioguanine produced cytotoxicity in parental cells by forming analog nucleotide. In hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase negative HL-60 cells the 6-thiopurine initiated maturation; this action was due to the free base (and possibly the deoxyribonucleoside), a finding which separated termination of proliferation due to cytotoxicity from that caused by maturation. PMID- 3899158 TI - Urinary screening for potentially genotoxic exposures in a chemical industry. AB - Mutagenic activity, measured by the bacterial fluctuation assay and thioether concentration in urine from workers at a chemical plant producing pharmaceuticals and explosives, was determined before and after exposure. Of 12 groups only those exposed to trinitrotoluene (n = 14) showed a significant increase in mutagenic activity using Salmonella typhimurium TA 98 without any exogenous metabolic system. The same strain responded only weakly when the S-9 mix was used; with Escherichia coli WP2 uvrA no effect of exposure was observed. Urinary thioether concentration was higher among smokers than among non-smokers, but occupational exposure had no effect. Urinary mutagenicity testing may be a useful tool for screening potentially genotoxic exposures in complex chemical environments. PMID- 3899159 TI - Tumour initiators, promoters, and complete carcinogens. PMID- 3899160 TI - Influence of organic solvent mixtures on biological membranes. AB - A simple experimental model was used to study the influence of organic solvents and solvent mixtures on the integrity of biological membranes. Radiolabelled membranes were prepared biosynthetically by growing Escherichia coli in the presence of 14C-oleic acid; the bulk of the radioactivity was incorporated into 14C-phosphatidylethanolamine, the predominant phospholipid species in E coli membranes. The radiolabelled bacteria were incubated at 37 degrees C in the presence of solvent, and the mixture filtrated through a Millipore 0.45 micron filter. This filtration retained radiolabel associated with the bacteria, and only radiolabel released as a result of solvent action was allowed through the filter. The radioactivity in the filtrate was then counted and expressed as a percentage of the total radioactivity. Results showed that aliphatic alcohols released membrane constituents in relation to their hydrocarbon chain length (1 propanol greater than 2-propanol greater than ethanol greater than methanol); the effects of aliphatic alcohols were potentiated by acetone, ethyl methyl ketone, ethylene glycol, and N,N'-dimethylformamide, and the effects of ethanol were potentiated by 1-butanol, benzyl alcohol, and ethylacetate. These findings point to the possibility that certain mixtures of organic solvents are more damaging to membranes than the components of the mixture would indicate, and suggest that the experimental model used might help in showing mixtures that are particularly harmful. PMID- 3899161 TI - Changes in permeability of the alveolar-capillary barrier in firefighters. AB - The effect on alveolar-capillary barrier permeability of chronic exposure to a smoke produced by the partial combusion of diesel oil, paraffin, and wood was examined. An index of permeability was determined from the rate of transfer from the lung into the blood of the hydrophilic, labelled chelate 99mTc diethylene triamine penta-acetate (MW 492 dalton). The results of this test were expressed as the half time clearance of the tracer from the lung into the blood (T1/2 LB). The study was carried out at the Royal Naval Firefighting School, HMS Excellent. Permeability index was measured on seven non-smoking naval firefighting instructors who had worked at the school for periods of longer than two and a half months. Tests of airway function and carbon monoxide transfer factor were performed on four of these seven instructors. The results of the permeability index showed a T1/2 LB of 26 min +/- 5 (SEM) which differed significantly from that of normal non-smokers. By contrast all other lung function tests had values within the predicted normal range. PMID- 3899162 TI - Recurrent pregnancy losses and parental chromosome abnormalities: a review. AB - A compilation of the cytogenetic results taken from 79 published surveys of couples with two or more pregnancy losses (comprising 8208 women and 7834 men) showed an overall prevalence of major chromosome abnormalities of 2.9%. This is five to six times higher than that of the general adult population. In every group of chromosome abnormalities in the parents a predominance of female to male affected was noted (2:1). Approximately 50% of all chromosome abnormalities detected were balanced reciprocal translocations, 24% were Robertsonian translocations, 12% were sex chromosomal mosaicisms in females, and the rest consisted of inversions and other sporadic abnormalities. Parents with two or more idiopathic pregnancy losses should be karyotyped to aid in management and counselling. When a translocation or other abnormality (e.g. X chromosomal mosaicism) predisposing to an abnormal zygote is found, prenatal diagnosis is indicated in future pregnancies. Even when parental karyotypes are normal, prenatal diagnosis should be considered in subsequent pregnancies of parents with two or more pregnancy losses because of the high incidence of chromosome abnormalities in spontaneous abortions. For the same reason, if a single previous pregnancy loss is known to have been chromosomally aneuploid, parental karyotypes may have to be examined (depending upon the finding in the pregnancy loss), and prenatal diagnosis should also be considered in subsequent pregnancies. PMID- 3899163 TI - Efficacy of intrauterine volume, fetal abdominal area and biparietal diameter measurements with ultrasound in screening for small-for-dates babies. AB - The efficacy of total intrauterine, intra-amniotic and placental volume measurements with ultrasound in screening for low birthweight (less than or equal to 10th and less than or equal to 3rd centile) was compared prospectively with fetal biparietal diameter and abdominal area measurements at 32 and 36 weeks gestation in an unselected population of 362 women. In all of them the gestation was dated by ultrasound in the first half of pregnancy. Reference values were from a separate normal population studied previously. Total intrauterine volume showed the highest sensitivity in predicting babies weighing less than or equal to 10th centile (58% at 32 weeks and 62% at 36 weeks) and those weighing less than or equal to 3rd centile (78% at 32 weeks and 83% at 36 weeks). A higher number of false-positive tests resulted in a lower predictive value of a positive test (mean 34% for babies weighing less than or equal to 10th centile) than that found for abdominal area (mean 54%). Abdominal measurements selected a smaller 'at risk' group. Biparietal diameter, intra-amniotic and placental volume measurements had inferior predictive capability than total intrauterine volume and abdominal area. For screening purposes abdominal area measurements are presently more suitable than intrauterine volume. The higher sensitivity of intrauterine volume, particularly in early third trimester, is an advantage that requires further investigation with reference to intrauterine growth retardation. PMID- 3899164 TI - Intrauterine volume, fetal abdominal area and biparietal diameter measurements with ultrasound in the prediction of small-for-dates babies in a high-risk obstetric population. AB - The value of fetal biparietal diameter and abdominal area, total intrauterine, intra-amniotic and placental volume measurements for predicting small-for-dates babies in a high-risk obstetric population was investigated in 130 women. A parallel planimetric area method was used to measure volume. The commonest risk factors were suspected intrauterine growth-retardation, hypertensive complications and previous poor obstetric history. The prevalence of birthweight at and below the 10th or 3rd centiles was 30 and 16% respectively. Fetal abdominal area and total intrauterine volume measurements had the highest and comparable sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value in the detection of infants with birthweights of less than or equal to 10th and less than or equal to 3rd centiles. While these measurements are of use in consolidating the clinical diagnosis of small-for-dates fetuses (growth retardation), high false positive rates (10% and 16-17% for birthweights less than or equal to 10th centile, and less than or equal to 3rd centile respectively) make further discriminatory tests necessary for part of the population. PMID- 3899165 TI - Effects of topical indomethacin pretreatment on argon laser trabeculoplasty: a randomised, double-masked study on black South Africans. AB - This randomised, double-masked study on 45 black South Africans compares the effect of topical indomethacin pretreatment with that of placebo on the immediate postoperative increase or reduction in intraocular pressure one week and one month after argon laser trabeculoplasty. There was no significant difference in the incidence and the magnitude of the immediate postoperative intraocular pressure increase between the two groups, though they occurred significantly later in the indomethacin-treated group (p less than 0.01). Although no effect of indomethacin pretreatment on the intraocular pressure reduction was evident after one week, a significant adverse effect of the drug was demonstrated after one month (p less than 0.01). PMID- 3899166 TI - Atracurium and intraocular pressure. AB - The effect of atracurium on intraocular pressure was studied by comparing it with pancuronium in a randomised controlled trial. The intraocular pressure was measured in patients undergoing cataract surgery before administration of the muscle relaxant, at 1, 3, and 5 minutes after its administration, and at 1 minute after tracheal intubation. Atracurium was found to decrease intraocular pressure to a significantly greater degree than pancuronium. The intraocular pressure after tracheal intubation was found to be significantly higher than that measured immediately after induction of anaesthesia. The authors conclude that atracurium provides an acceptable alternative to pancuronium for ophthalmic surgery but does not overcome the ocular hypertensive effect of tracheal intubation. PMID- 3899167 TI - Purification and sequencing of the active site tryptic peptide from penicillin binding protein 1b of Escherichia coli. AB - This paper reports the sequence of the active site peptide of penicillin-binding protein 1b from Escherichia coli. Purified penicillin-binding protein 1b was labeled with [14C]penicillin G, digested with trypsin, and partially purified by gel filtration. Upon further purification by high-pressure liquid chromatography, two radioactive peaks were observed, and the major peak, representing over 75% of the applied radioactivity, was submitted to amino acid analysis and sequencing. The sequence Ser-Ile-Gly-Ser-Leu-Ala-Lys was obtained. The active site nucleophile was identified by digesting the purified peptide with aminopeptidase M and separating the radioactive products on high-pressure liquid chromatography. Amino acid analysis confirmed that the serine residue in the middle of the sequence was covalently bonded to the [14C]penicilloyl moiety. A comparison of this sequence to active site sequences of other penicillin-binding proteins and beta-lactamases is presented. PMID- 3899168 TI - Evidence for overlapping active sites in a multifunctional enzyme: immunochemical and chemical modification studies on C1-tetrahydrofolate synthase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - The relationship of the active sites which catalyze the three reactions in the trifunctional enzyme C1-tetrahydrofolate synthase (C1-THF synthase) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been examined with immunochemical and chemical modification techniques. Immunotitration of the enzyme with a polyclonal antiserum resulted in identical inhibition curves for the dehydrogenase and cyclohydrolase activities which were distinctly different from the inhibition curve for the synthetase activity. During chemical modification with diethyl pyrocarbonate (DEPC), the three activities were inactivated at significantly different rates, indicating that at least three distinct essential residues are involved in the reaction with DEPC. The pH dependence of the reaction with DEPC was consistent with the modification of histidyl residues. Treatment of C1-THF synthase with N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) resulted in significant inactivation of only the dehydrogenase and cyclohydrolase activities, with the cyclohydrolase at least an order of magnitude more sensitive than the dehydrogenase. Inactivation of cyclohydrolase was biphasic at NEM concentrations above 0.1 mM, suggesting two essential cysteinyl residues were being modified. NADP+, a dehydrogenase substrate, protected both dehydrogenase and cyclohydrolase activities, but not synthetase activity, against inactivation by either reagent. Synthetase substrates had no protective ability. Pteroylpolyglutamates and p-aminobenzoic acid polyglutamates exhibited some protection of all three activities. The p aminobenzoic acid polyglutamate series showed progressive protection with increasing chain length. These results are consistent with an overlapping site for the dehydrogenase and cyclohydrolase reactions, independent from the synthetase active site. Possible active-site configurations and the role of the polyglutamate tail in substrate binding are discussed. PMID- 3899169 TI - Characterization of an early intermediate in the folding of the alpha subunit of tryptophan synthase by hydrogen exchange measurement. AB - The development of the hydrogen bonding network in the early stages of the folding of the alpha subunit of tryptophan synthase was monitored with a hydrogen exchange technique. The orders of magnitude difference between the rapid conversions of the unfolded forms to two stable intermediates (milliseconds) and the subsequent slow conversions of the intermediates to the native form (greater than 100 s) was used to selectively label with tritium the hydrogen bonds that form in the first 30 s of folding at 0 degree C. Rapid removal of the tritiated solvent by gel filtration ensured that hydrogen bonds formed in subsequent folding reactions would be unlabeled. Limited proteolysis and separation of peptides by high-pressure liquid chromatography permitted the determination of the amount of label retained in individual peptides by scintillation counting. Peptides 1-70 and 71-188, which when covalently linked comprise the stable amino domain in the native conformation, retain 91% and 93%, respectively, of the label retained when the protein is allowed to completely refold in tritiated solvent. Peptide 189-268, the marginally stable carboxyl domain, only retains 43% of the label. The striking difference in retention of label confirms the independent folding of these two domains and shows that the kinetic intermediates that appear in the folding of alpha subunit correspond to structural domains in the native conformation. The near-equality of the labeling of the two peptides comprising the amino domain shows that this domain folds as a single entity and that subdomain folding is unlikely.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3899170 TI - Interaction of DNA polymerase I of Escherichia coli with nucleotides. Antagonistic effects of single-stranded polynucleotide homopolymers. AB - Binding of deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphates to DNA polymerase I of Escherichia coli was measured by using a microscale nonequilibrium dialysis method. It allowed rapid and economic measurement of dissociation constants, with negligible interfering side reactions. A stoichiometry of 1 mol of nucleoside 5' triphosphate/mol of DNA polymerase was measured, and the occurrence of a single binding site was established, for which the nucleotides competed in the binary complex with the polymerase. Binding affinities decreased in the order dGTP greater than or equal to dATP greater than dCTP congruent to dTTP. These results are in agreement with previous findings [Englund, P. T., Huberman, J. A., Jovin, T. M., & Kornberg, A. (1969) J. Biol. Chem. 244, 3038-3044] except that, in a few cases, values of dissociation constants were smaller by factors of 2-3. The cations Mg2+ and Mn2+, as well as spermine, slightly enhanced complex stability at low levels and decreased it at high concentrations, while NaCl and Hg2+ had only destabilizing effects. Recognition between nucleoside 5'-triphosphates and nucleotide templates was studied by titration of the polymerase-[3H]dGTP complex with polynucleotide homopolymers. Complementary poly(dC) did not affect binding of dGTP, and non-complementary templates caused rejection of the nucleotide. Rejection of dGTP followed a saturation dependence with an equivalence of 110 +/- 10 monomer units of polynucleotides bound per molecule of DNA polymerase. The results favor a model by which recognition arises chiefly from the stereogeometrical fit of complementary template and nucleoside 5'-triphosphate into a rigid binding site. PMID- 3899171 TI - Photoaffinity labeling of the pactamycin binding site on eubacterial ribosomes. AB - Pactamycin, an inhibitor of the initial steps of protein synthesis, has an acetophenone group in its chemical structure that makes the drug a potentially photoreactive molecule. In addition, the presence of a phenolic residue makes it easily susceptible to radioactive labeling. Through iodination, one radioactive derivative of pactamycin has been obtained with biological activities similar to the unmodified drug when tested on in vivo and cell-free systems. With the use of [125I]iodopactamycin, ribosomes of Escherichia coli have been photolabeled under conditions that preserve the activity of the particles and guarantee the specificity of the binding sites. Under these conditions, RNA is preferentially labeled when free, small ribosomal subunits are photolabeled, but proteins are the main target in the whole ribosome. This indicates that an important conformational change takes place in the binding site on association of the two subunits. The major labeled proteins are S2, S4, S18, S21, and L13. These proteins in the pactamycin binding site are probably related to the initiation step of protein synthesis. PMID- 3899172 TI - Mechanism of the hepatic lipase induced accumulation of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol by cells in culture. AB - Hepatic lipase can enhance the delivery of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol to cells by a process which does not involve apoprotein catabolism. The incorporation of HDL-free (unesterified) cholesterol, phospholipid, and cholesteryl ester by cells has been compared to establish the mechanism of this delivery process. Human HDL was reconstituted with 3H-free cholesterol and [14C]sphingomyelin, treated with hepatic lipase in the presence of albumin to remove the products of lipolysis, reisolated, and then incubated with cultured rat hepatoma cells. Relative to control HDL, modification of HDL with hepatic lipase stimulated both the amount of HDL-free cholesterol taken up by the cell and the esterification of HDL-free cholesterol but did not affect the delivery of sphingomyelin. Experiments utilizing HDL reconstituted with 14C-free cholesterol and [3H]cholesteryl oleoyl ether suggest that hepatic lipase enhances the incorporation of HDL-esterified cholesterol. However, the amount of free cholesterol delivered as a result of treatment with hepatic lipase was 4-fold that of esterified cholesterol. On the basis of HDL composition, the cellular incorporation of free cholesterol was about 10 times that which would occur by the uptake and degradation of intact particles. The preferential incorporation of HDL-free cholesterol did not require the presence of lysophosphatidylcholine. To correlate the events observed at the cellular level with alterations in lipoprotein structure, high-resolution, proton-decoupled 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (90.55 MHz) was performed on HDL3 in which the cholesterol molecules were replaced with [4-13C]cholesterol by particle reconstitution.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3899173 TI - Stereochemical analysis of peptide bond hydrolysis catalyzed by the aspartic proteinase penicillopepsin. AB - The X-ray crystal structures of native penicillopepsin and of its complex with a synthetic analogue of the inhibitor pepstatin have been refined recently at 1.8-A resolution. These highly refined structures permit a detailed examination of peptide hydrolysis in the aspartic proteinases. Complexes of penicillopepsin with substrate and catalytic intermediates were modeled, by using computer graphics, with minimal perturbation of the observed inhibitor complex. A thallium ion binding experiment shows that the position of solvent molecule O39, between Asp 33(32) and Asp-213(215) in the native structure, is favorable for cations, a fact that places constraints on possible mechanisms. A mechanism for hydrolysis is proposed in which Asp-213(215) acts as an electrophile by protonating the carbonyl oxygen of the substrate, thereby polarizing the carbon-oxygen bond, a water molecule bound to Asp-33(32) (O284 in the native structure) attacks the carbonyl carbon as the nucleophile in a general-base mechanism, the newly pyramidal peptide nitrogen is protonated, either from the solvent after nitrogen inversion or by an internal proton transfer via Asp-213(215) from a hydroxyl of the tetrahedral carbon, and the tetrahedral intermediate breaks down in a manner consistent with the stereoelectronic hypothesis. The models permit the rationalization of observed subsite preferences for substrates and may be useful in predicting subsite preferences of other aspartic proteinases. PMID- 3899174 TI - Characterization of a photosynthetic mutant of Lemna lacking the cytochrome b6-f complex. AB - A photosynthetic mutant of Lemna perpusilla (no. 1073) has been examined by spectrophotometric and immunoblotting techniques in order to localize the site of defect. In contrast to previous conclusions (Shahak, Y., Posner, H.B. and Avron, M. (1976) Plant Physiol. 57, 577-679), neither cytochrome f nor cytochrome b6 could be detected spectrophotometrically in the mutant. Furthermore, immunoblotting using antibodies specific for each of the four constituent subunits of the cytochrome b6-f complex demonstrate that the entire complex is absent in the mutant. The light-harvesting chlorophyll-protein complex of Photosystem II is present in similar amounts in wild-type and mutant Lemna. However, the total amount of plastoquinone-9 is reduced by approx. 65% in the mutant strain, while the photoreducible plastoquinone-9 pool is comparable in wild-type and mutant Lemna. PMID- 3899175 TI - Fusion of bacterial spheroplasts by electric fields. AB - Spheroplasts of Escherichia coli or Salmonella typhimurium were found to fuse in an electric field. We employed the fusion method developed by Zimmermann and Scheurich (1981): Close membrane contact between cells is established by dielectrophoresis (formation of chains of cells by an a.c. field), then membrane fusion is induced by the application of short pulses of direct current. Under optimum conditions the fusion yield was routinely 90%. Fusable spheroplasts were obtained by first growing filamentous bacteria in the presence of cephalexin, then converting these to spheroplasts by the use of lysozyme. The fusion products were viable and regenerated to the regular bacterial form. Fusion of genetically different spheroplasts resulted in strains of bacteria possessing a combination of genetic markers. Fusion could not be achieved with spheroplasts obtained by growing the cells in the presence of penicillin or by using lysozyme on bacteria of usual size. PMID- 3899176 TI - Evolutionary conservation of protein binding sites on high-molecular-mass ribosomal RNA. PMID- 3899177 TI - Monoamine oxidase A and monoamine oxidase B activities are catalyzed by different proteins. AB - Monoamine oxidases A and B (amino: oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating) (flavin containing), EC 1.4.3.4) have been identified in the outer membranes of rat liver mitochondria by their covalent reaction with the inhibitor, [3H]pargyline. On analysis by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under denaturing conditions. Monoamine oxidase A was found to migrate more slowly that monoamine oxidase B. Proteins which correspond to monoamine oxidases A and B (as identified by the electrophoretic distribution of covalently bound [3H]pargyline) were excised from the gels. Subsequent analysis showed that both monoamine oxidase A and monoamine B had been highly purified by this procedure. Electrophoretic analysis of the peptides produced by limited proteolysis with bovine trypsin, alpha-chymotrypsin, Staphylococcus aureus V8 proteinase and cyanogen bromide indicate that monoamine oxidases A and B have different amino acid sequences. PMID- 3899178 TI - Comparison of properties of cancer procoagulant and human amnion-chorion procoagulant. AB - Cysteine proteinases that initiate coagulation in the absence of factor VII have been isolated from rabbit V2 carcinoma and from human amnion-chorion. Many of their biochemical properties, including a molecular weight of 68 000 and inhibition by iodoacetamide and mercury, are the same. In the paper we compare the isoelectric point, the amino acid composition and the carbohydrate content of human amnion-chorion procoagulant and cancer procoagulant. With the exception of minor differences in the amino acid composition, attributable in part to differences in species, the two proteins are closely homologous. PMID- 3899179 TI - A fluorescence study of thermally induced conformational changes in yeast hexokinase. AB - Fluorescence studies have been performed on yeast hexokinase (ATP: D-hexose 6 phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.1) as a function of temperature. Observations of both the intrinsic protein fluorescence and the fluorescence of the noncovalently bound apolar probe 2-(p-toluidinyl)naphthalene-6-sulfonic acid under conditions where hexokinase is monomeric, indicate that significant thermal structural transitions occur in the protein over the physiological range of temperature (0 degrees-40 degrees C) and that there are different temperature-dependent forms of the enzyme. Thermal transitions between these forms are affected by the binding of the substrates D-glucose and ATP-Mg. It therefore appears that catalysis connects conformers that differ in stability and the present results are consistent with models in which hexokinase function is linked to changes in the interactions between the domains into which this protein is folded. PMID- 3899180 TI - Age-associated changes in rat plasma lipids, platelet fatty acids and prostacyclin release. AB - The effect of age on plasma lipids, platelet fatty acids and prostacyclin release was studied in the rat. The contents of arachidonic acid, cholesterol, bile acids and free fatty acids in the plasma of aged rats (15 months old) were higher than those of young rats (3 months old). No significant differences in fatty acid composition of platelet lipids and release of prostacyclin from aortas between young and aged rats were observed. The data suggest that plasma lipids may play a more important role in the development of cardiovascular disease with increasing age than prostaglandins do. PMID- 3899181 TI - Comparative compositions of cell surface glycoconjugates isolated from Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes. AB - Cell surface glycoconjugates of epimastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi have been isolated and analyzed to give their amino acid and carbohydrate compositions. Those which have been investigated are a complex of three closely associated glycoproteins, GP24, GP31, GP37, and a lipopeptidophosphoglycan. The GP24-GP31 GP37 complex has an unusual amino acid composition with very low levels of hydrophobic amino acids, it contains 56% (w/w) carbohydrate, with mannose, galactose and glucosamine (presumably N-acetyl) being present in approximately equal quantities. The lipopeptidophosphoglycan also has low levels of hydrophobic amino acids and contains equal levels of mannose and galactose together with lesser amounts of (N-acetyl) glucosamine. The glycoconjugates are contrasted and compared with two other previously characterised cell surface glycoproteins (GP25 and GP72) from T. cruzi. PMID- 3899182 TI - Monoclonal antibodies to bradykinin inhibit smooth muscle contractile action of bradykinin. AB - Four hybridoma cell lines have been established that secrete monoclonal antibodies to nonapeptide bradykinin. Bradykinin coupled to ovalbumin, using 1 ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide as coupling agent, was used to immunize BALB/c mice. Spleen cells from the immunized animals were fused to P3 X63-AG8-653 mouse myeloma cells. The resultant hybrid cells were screened by enzyme-linked immunoassay for production of antibodies to bradykinin. Hybrids from four positive wells were subcloned by limiting dilution and expanded as ascites tumor into pristane-primed mice. All the four hybrids secreted monoclonal antibodies of IgG1 (k) isotype. Unlabeled peptides bradykinin, lysyl-bradykinin (kallidin) and methionyl-lysyl-bradykinin competed with the radiolabeled [Tyr1]kallidin for monoclonal antibody binding sites. These antibodies recognized preferentially either NH2- or COOH-terminals of the nonapeptide bradykinin and can distinguish between des-Arg1-bradykinin and des-Arg9-bradykinin. Bradykinin fragments smaller than eight residues were not recognized by these antibodies. Monoclonal antibodies BK-D6A5, BK-B6C9 and BK-A3D9 neutralized the smooth muscle contractile activity of bradykinin. An enzyme-linked immunoassay developed using these monoclonal antibodies showed the effective range of bradykinin determination between 5 and 150 ng. PMID- 3899183 TI - Stimulation and inhibition of rat basophilic leukemia cell adenylate cyclase by forskolin. AB - The influence of the diterpene, forskolin, was studied on adenylate cyclase activity in membranes of rat basophilic leukemia cells. Forskolin increased basal adenylate cyclase activity maximally 2-fold at 100 microM. However, adenylate cyclase activity stimulated via the stimulatory guanine nucleotide-binding protein, Ns, by fluoride and the stable GTP analog, guanosine 5'-O-(3 thiotriphosphate), was inhibited by forskolin. Half-maximal and maximal inhibition occurred at about 1 and 10 microM forskolin, respectively. The inhibition occurred without an apparent lag phase, whereas the enzyme stimulation by forskolin was preceded by a considerable lag period. The inhibition was not affected by treating intact cells or membranes with pertussis toxin and proteolytic enzymes, respectively, which have been shown in other cell types to prevent adenylate cyclase inhibition mediated by the guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory component, Ni. The forskolin inhibition of the stable GTP analog activated adenylate cyclase was impaired by increasing the Mg2+ concentration and was reversed into a stimulation by Mn2+. Under optimal inhibitory conditions, forskolin even decreased basal adenylate cyclase activity. Finally, forskolin largely reduced the apparent affinity of the rat basophilic leukemia cell adenylate cyclase for its substrate, MgATP, which reduction resulted in an apparent inhibition at low MgATP concentrations and a loss of the inhibition at higher MgATP concentrations. The data indicate that forskolin can cause both stimulation and inhibition of adenylate cyclase and, furthermore, they suggest that the inhibition may not be mediated by the Ni protein, but may be caused by a direct action of forskolin at the adenylate cyclase catalytic moiety. PMID- 3899184 TI - Effects of insulin on glucose metabolism in isolated heart myocytes from adult rats. AB - The study examined the effect of insulin on glucose metabolism in freshly isolated calcium-tolerant heart myocytes from adult rats. The uptake of 2 deoxyglucose demonstrated an initial lag in response to insulin and the maximal insulin effect was not attained until after 3 min preincubation with the hormone. A dose-response study of 14CO2 production from [14C]glucose revealed that the maximum insulin stimulation of glucose utilization occurred with 5 mU/ml. Both the uptake and the oxidation of glucose proceeded at a linear rate in the absence and presence of insulin. However, insulin exerted a greater effect on the uptake (42-54%) than on the oxidation (17-22%) of exogenous glucose. Incorporation of glucose into glycogen was markedly increased by insulin and resulted in the myocyte glycogen concentration returning to in vivo levels. In the absence of insulin, glucose incorporation plateaued within 10 min of incubation and the glycogen concentration was not altered. Our findings also indicate that at equilibrium, insulin-treated cells exhibited a higher glycogen turnover rate. It thus appears that insulin exerts a differential effect on the different pathways in glucose metabolism in the isolated cardiac cells. This may be related in part to their quiescent state and lower energy demand. PMID- 3899186 TI - Chemical structure of psoralen-nucleic acid photoadducts. PMID- 3899185 TI - Immunological detection of lesions in DNA. AB - The purpose of this paper is to show that the antibodies to nucleic acids, to nucleosides or to DNA damaged by a physical or a chemical agent, are useful tools in the study of DNA damage and repair. The results obtained with antibodies to nucleosides, antibodies to nucleosides and DNA modified by chemical carcinogens emphasize the potential of immunological methods in three main areas, a) the sensitive detection and quantitation of adducts; b) the visualization of adducts in tissues, individual cells, and along the DNA double helix; c) the study of conformational changes of DNA induced by adducts. PMID- 3899187 TI - Use of a new DNA intercalating fluorescing probe for studies on the mechanism of frameshift mutagenesis in Salmonella typhimurium. AB - As a general rule, ellipticine derivatives are mutagenic and intercalate into double-stranded nucleic acids. We have tested a new fluorescent ellipticine compound, 10[(1-carboxy-2-methylpropylidene)-amino]-9-hydroxy-2-methylell ipticinium (val-NMHE), for establishing the relationship between the amount of drug bound to nucleic acids in situ in Salmonella typhimurium and its biological effects: decrease of growth rate and mutagenesis. Val-NMHE is mutagenic only on Ames'strain TA 1977 which carries a + 1 frameshift mutation. On a per cell basis, the number of revertants is not linearly correlated to the amount of drug bound to nucleic acids: this number is relatively higher for increasing amounts of drug. This effect is not related to the mere probability of interaction between the drug molecule and its target, a GGGG/CCCC sequence. It might be explained by other hypotheses briefly discussed herein. PMID- 3899188 TI - RECA immunological assay as a tool to analyze the SOS response. AB - The content of RECA protein, one of the SOS genes product, was determined in a bacterial extract by a two site-radioimmunometric assay. The variation of the RECA concentration after induction by physical or chemical treatments was used as a probe to analyze the SOS response. Relationships between either the number or the nature of DNA lesions and the level of the relative amplification of RECA have been established. The modulation of the recA gene expression is discussed. PMID- 3899189 TI - Role of Escherichia coli RecA protein in SOS induction and post-replication repair. AB - The RecA protein of Escherichia coli plays a central role in DNA repair mechanisms. When it is incubated with single-stranded DNA and a nucleoside triphosphate, the purified RecA protein acts both by promoting cleavage of the LexA protein, the repressor of the SOS genes, and by catalyzing strand exchange between a variety of DNA molecules. A model for the regulation of the activity of the RecA protein in a cell exposed to a DNA damaging treatment is proposed. PMID- 3899191 TI - Long- and short-patch gene conversions in Streptococcus pneumoniae transformation. AB - In pneumococcal transformation some point mutations are integrated by an excision repair pathway which switches the heteroduplex DNA into homoduplex. This transfer of information is a gene conversion. We have reviewed some of the properties of this system especially those relating to heteroduplex specificity and given evidence that this extends over several kilobases of DNA. We then describe a new process of conversion in pneumococcal transformation which occurs over a very short distance (5 to 27 base-pairs) and is triggered by a single site mutation resulting from the transversion 5'-ATTCAT...to 5'...ATTAAT... Only one of the two heteroduplexes 5'...A...3'/3'...G...5', is converted. PMID- 3899190 TI - The adaptive response in E. coli. AB - The adaptive response appears in E. coli after exposure to low levels of alkylating agents. This system is under the positive control of the ada gene. At least two enzymes are induced during the response: 3-methyladenine DNA glycosylase II and O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase. The latter is also the product of the ada gene. PMID- 3899192 TI - Chemical carcinogens and proto-oncogens activation. AB - The induction of proto-oncogens H-ras-1 by nitrosomethylurea (Sukumar et al. (1983), 306, 658-661) is discussed in term of lack of DNA-repair of lesions induced in DNA by this alkylating agent, particularly O6-methylguanine residues and apurinic/apyrimidinic sites. PMID- 3899193 TI - Mutagenic and chromosomal events in radiation transformation. AB - The transformation of a normal cell to a cancer cell is a complex multi-stage process. Data are presented from rodent cells which suggest that the initial radiation induced change does not represent a mutation in a specific structural gene or group of genes. Rather, DNA damage induced by radiation produces a heritable change which leads to the transformation of one or more of the progeny of the initial irradiated cells at some later time. This second rare event has certain characteristics of a mutation. Studies in human diploid cells indicate that radiation induces stable chromosomal rearrangements which persist throughout the lifespan of the cells in culture. Occasionally, such cells gain a selective growth advantage and are recognized as abnormal clones. These clones may expand to include the entire cell population and show a significantly prolonged lifespan in vitro. The hypothesis is presented that the transforming event occurs in such clones, possibly resulting from a mutational change which occurs at random during cellular proliferation. PMID- 3899195 TI - Influence of gliadin on fetal chick intestine in tissue culture. AB - The purpose of this study was to develop a model system for detecting biological effects of gliadin which may be related to coeliac disease. The technique applied was tissue culture of chicken duodenum at several stages of fetal development. A normally occurring increase in disaccharidase activities in cultured tissue explants was diminished by the presence of peptic-tryptic digested gliadin or of a tryptic fragment of alpha-gliadin (alpha-GT 18,000). The effect of peptic tryptic digested gliadin was only demonstrable in the early phase of fetal development (days 10-14), and disappeared at day 16. The release of enzymes into the culture medium was decreased by gliadin at the 12th day of fetal development. The results suggest that gliadin inhibits the differentiation processes of the fetal intestine. PMID- 3899194 TI - Photochemotherapy using pyridopsoralens. AB - Aiming to decrease the acute side effects and genotoxic hazards of PUVA, pyrido (3,4-C) psoralen (PP) and 7-methyl pyrido (3,4-C) psoralen (MPP) were synthesized and studied. Their UVA maximum absorption lies at 325 and 330 nm, respectively. Their photostability is comparable to that of 8-MOP. They complex to DNA in the dark, and, in the presence of UVA, produce only monoadditions to DNA, as shown by fluorescence and DNA denaturation-renaturation studies. In diploid eukaryotic yeast they are more effective than 8-MOP for the induction of lethal effects and mitochondrial damage. Their mutagenic activity per unit dose of UVA is in the same range as that of 8-MOP. However, per viable cell they are clearly less mutagenic than 8-MOP. This difference is also observed for recombinogenic activity. No oxygen effect is observed. In mammalian cells the following ranges of effectiveness are found: inhibition of DNA synthesis in human fibroblasts: MPP greater than PP greater than 8-MOP; mutagenic activity in V79 Chinese hamster cells: MPP greater than PP greater than 8-MOP; cell transforming ability in C3H embryonic mouse cells: MPP greater than 8-MOP greater than PP as a function of UVA dose, and: 8-MOP greater than MPP greater than PP as a function of survival; induction of sister chromatic exchanges (SCE) per unit dose: MPP greater than PP greater than 8-MOP in the linear part of the induction curve, and : 8-MOP greater than PP greater than MPP at the maximum level of SCE obtained.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3899196 TI - Plasma six-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha and endocrine pancreatic function in the newborn infant of the diabetic mother. AB - Plasma concentrations of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (6-keto-PGF1 alpha), C peptide and pancreatic glucagon and blood glucose levels were measured in 13 infants of insulin-dependent diabetic mothers at the age of 2 h. Plasma 6-keto PGF1 alpha levels were lower in these infants when compared to those of healthy controls at the same age (p less than 0.05). Plasma 6-keto-PGF1 alpha correlated negatively with the C-peptide levels (r = -0.57; p less than 0.05) and positively with the pancreatic glucagon concentrations (r = 0.83; p less than 0.001) in the infants of diabetic mothers. No correlation with blood glucose concentrations was found. The data suggest that hyperinsulinemia in infants of diabetic mothers is associated with a decreased vascular prostacyclin production. PMID- 3899197 TI - Relationship between resting glucose consumption and insulin secretion in the ovine fetus. AB - In the chronically catheterized fetal sheep, umbilical glucose uptake has previously been found to be related to maternal glucose concentration over a wide range of values. The relative contribution of fetal insulin secretion to resting umbilical glucose uptake has not previously been assessed. Simultaneous measurements of umbilical glucose uptake and an estimate of fetal insulin secretory rate were performed in 21 fetal lambs in late gestation over 1-hour sampling periods. Because of the relatively narrow range of maternal blood glucose concentrations, no relationship was apparent between maternal glucose concentration and umbilical glucose uptake. However, a significant relationship was present between the area beneath the insulin concentration curve, a rough estimate of insulin secretory rate, and umbilical glucose uptake. The data suggest that fetal insulin secretory rate may be an important regulator of fetal glucose uptake under physiologic circumstances. PMID- 3899198 TI - A comparison of the acute effects of dextroamphetamine and fenfluramine in depression. AB - Fenfluramine (Fen) 40 mg, a selective releaser of serotonin, and dextroamphetamine (Dex) 15 mg were administered in a double-blind crossover design to 16 subjects with major affective disorder, depression. Three hours after administration both drugs significantly improved depression and improved vigor, fatigue, and confusion-bewilderment on the subscales of the Profile of Mood States. Dex was significantly better than Fen only on the vigor and fatigue subscales. Other data from this study suggest that when used acutely Fen can mimic long-term antidepressant effects, whereas the acute effects of Dex are similar to its stimulating effects in normals. PMID- 3899199 TI - Pilot study on the effects of fenfluramine on negative symptoms in twelve schizophrenic inpatients. AB - We treated 12 chronic schizophrenic inpatients with fenfluramine, an anorexigenic drug that depletes serotonin, to test the hypothesis that the "negative" symptoms of schizophrenia might be related to brain serotonin activity. We measured change in both positive and negative symptoms in a double-blind, parallel-design trial of fenfluramine or placebo. Negative symptoms improved over time in some individuals within the active treatment group, but not in individuals within the placebo group. However, group comparisons of active treatment versus placebo were not significant. PMID- 3899200 TI - Major contribution of epididymis to alpha-glucosidase content of ram seminal plasma. AB - Acid alpha-glucosidase and L-carnitine (a well-known epididymal marker) were measured in rete testis and epididymal fluids of adult male rams. These fluids were collected by selective catheterization or by a micropuncture technique, respectively. Both parameters remained at a low and constant level in rete testis and all along caput and corpus epididymidis. Then they increased at equivalent rates in cauda epididymidis to much higher levels than those in seminal plasma (5 mU/mg protein and 10 mM, respectively). An optimum pH study of alpha-glucosidase activity in these fluids showed two well-separated peaks in rete testis and caput epididymal fluids around pH 4 and 7, respectively, but only a single peak at pH 4 in cauda epididymidis that was comparable to the one in seminal plasma. Sucrose density gradient fractions analyzed for their enzyme content in the absence or presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (1% w/v), a selective inhibitor of acid alpha glucosidase activity, allowed the demonstration of two enzyme forms at pH 6.8 in rete testis fluid sedimenting in the 7S and 4S regions of the gradient, while a unique 4S form was encountered in cauda epididymidis and in seminal plasma. Although the fate of the minor 7S component of the rete testis fluid in its epididymal transit is presently unknown, similarities between the enzyme in cauda epididymidis and seminal plasma are strong enough to support the hypothesis that epididymis contributes primarily to the acid alpha-glucosidase content of ram seminal plasma. PMID- 3899202 TI - Identification and partial characterization of gonadotropin-releasing hormone like factors in human seminal plasma. AB - Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-like material was measured by radioimmunoassay in acid-ethanol-extracted human seminal plasma using radiolabeled D-[Leu6] GnRH ethylamide as labeled ligand, authentic GnRH as standard, and antibody raised against D-[Lys6] GnRH analog. The mean amount of GnRH-like material measured in the seminal plasma of semen samples with sperm counts greater than 20 X 10(6)/ml was 229.0 +/- 66 pg/ml, with sperm counts less than 20 X 10(6)/ml was 213 +/- 42 pg/ml, and from vasectomized samples was 252 +/ 36 pg/ml. There was no significant difference among the three groups. Scatchard analysis of radioreceptor binding data demonstrated significant displacement of GnRH agonist ligand from castrated male rat pituitary membrane preparations. Ultrafiltration and gel column chromatography of pooled extracted seminal plasma identified two compounds with apparent molecular weights of 2600 and 5000 that differ chemically and immunologically from native GnRH. Further characterization using affinity column chromatography suggests that at least one of these GnRH like factors is a glycosylated protein. PMID- 3899201 TI - Effect of purified lithospermic acid and its oxidation product on luteinizing hormone release in vitro. AB - Crude aqueous extracts of the plant Lithospermum ruderale have been shown to have antigonadotropic activity that resides in its polyphenolic fractions. This study examined the ability of one such polyphenol, lithospermic acid (LA), and its oxidation product(s) (oxyLA) to inhibit luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion in vitro. Primary pituitary cultures were exposed for 4.5 or 6 h to either LA or oxyLA. In the presence of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), oxyLA was at least 10 times more potent than LH in inhibiting LH release. In the absence of GnRH, oxyLA but not LA caused an increase in LH release. After washing to remove the oxyLA and LA, cultures were challenged with GnRH. Only cultures pretreated with oxyLA showed a decrease in GnRH-stimulated LH release. These results indicate that oxyLA may contain the primary antigonadotropic agents in L. ruderale. The different responses observed in the presence and absence of GnRH, and the morphologic features of the oxyLA-treated cultures, suggest that the mechanism of action may involve the cell membrane of the gonadotrope. PMID- 3899203 TI - Pulsatile administration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone to anestrous sows: endocrine changes associated with GnRH-induced and spontaneous estrus. AB - This experiment determined whether pulsatile administration of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) would induce estrus and ovulation in seasonally anestrous primiparous sows and compared endocrine responses of GnRH-induced sows with those of primiparous sows that exhibited spontaneous estrus after weaning. Seventeen primiparous Landrace X Large White sows farrowed in August 1982, lactated 23.8 +/- 0.4 days (mean +/- SEM), and weaned 9.0 +/- 0.3 pigs per litter. Blood for determination of progesterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), and estradiol-17 beta (E) was collected every 6 h from 1 day before to 12 days after weaning. Twelve sows exhibited spontaneous estrus 135 +/- 9 h after weaning, and these sows were considered to be normal. Five sows were anestrous for at least 23 days postweaning and failed to ovulate, as indicated by concentrations of progesterone that were less than 1.0 ng/ml in blood samples collected daily during this period. From Day 0 to Day 30 postweaning, levels of estradiol in anestrous sows varied between 3 and 30 pg/ml, concentrations of LH were low, and preovulatory-like LH surges did not occur. Beginning on Day 30 postweaning, four anestrous sows were given 1.5 micrograms GnRH (i.v.) hourly until onset of estrus and blood was collected every 6 h during GnRH treatment. The average interval from beginning of GnRH treatment to onset of estrus was 84 +/- 5 h (range 72 to 96 h). Patterns of estradiol and LH secretion around estrus were similar in normal sows and those treated with GnRH.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3899205 TI - Photoperiodic regulation of reproductive development in male prairie voles: influence of laboratory breeding. AB - Two populations of male prairie voles, one derived from an outbred laboratory colony and the second consisting of F1 offspring of wild-trapped voles, were tested for responsiveness to photoperiod. Animals were reared from birth until 35 days of age either in 16L:8D or 8L:16D photoperiods. Short day lengths did not affect the reproductive apparatus of the laboratory-strain voles; however, offspring of wild-caught voles manifested arrested development of the reproductive system in short photoperiods. These results suggest that selection processes associated with laboratory husbandry can alter responsiveness to photoperiod; the use of wild-trapped animals or their F1 progeny is indicated in photoperiodism research. PMID- 3899204 TI - Geographic variation in litter size in the cotton rat (Sigmodon hispidus): factors influencing ovulation rate. AB - Litter size in many mammalian populations varies along a gradient of latitude or altitude. This investigation tested the hypothesis that geographic variation in litter size among populations of the cotton rat is the result of differences in ovulation rate. Oviducts and uteri of virgin and recently mated lab-reared descendants of cotton rats from Kansas (KS), Texas (TX), and Tennessee (TN) were flushed on the day following the last day of estrus. Ovulation rates differ significantly among the three populations for both virgins (mean +/- SEM, KS = 5.3 +/- 0.3, TX = 4.6 +/- 0.5, and TN = 4.0 +/- 0.5) and for females that have recently copulated (KS = 6.5 +/- 0.3, TX = 5.7 +/- 0.7, and TN = 3.7 +/- 0.4; P less than 0.001). These nonvirgin females have significantly higher ovulation rates than virgins for KS and TX (P = 0.01 and 0.05, respectively), but there is no significant effect of copulation on TN. In all populations, ovulation rates of rats that release ova from both ovaries (KS = 6.1 +/- 0.2, TX = 5.9 +/- 0.4, and TN = 5.1 +/- 0.5) are significantly higher than those that use only one ovary (KS = 4.4 +/- 0.4, TX = 3.3 +/- 0.4, and TN = 3.2 +/- 0.3; P less than 0.001). The number of ovaries ovulating differs significantly between populations (P = 0.002). The effect of copulation on the number of ovaries ovulating is marginally significant (P = 0.08).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3899206 TI - Mouse sperm antigens that participate in fertilization. I. Inhibition of sperm fusion with the egg plasma membrane using monoclonal antibodies. AB - Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been generated to determine the sperm components responsible for interaction with an egg that results in fertilization. Here, we report upon a group of six different mAbs, all of which localize to a restricted region of the sperm head, the equatorial segment. Several of these mAbs demonstrated cross-reactivity with sperm from the other species tested (human, hamster, rabbit); when cross-reaction occurred, the mAb distribution was restricted to the equatorial segment despite the various configurations that this homologous region assumes in different species. When tested for an effect upon the fertilization process in vitro, ascites fluids containing two of the six mAbs, M29 and M37, displayed significant inhibition. The concentration dependency of this inhibition was observed using purified M29 immunoglobulin M, over a range of 0 to 0.2 mg/ml. The mAb inhibition of fertilization was independent of the presence of either the cellular (the cumulus) or acellular (the zona pellucida) layers surrounding the egg, indicating that the specific locus of inhibition for both of these antisperm mAbs was the egg plasma membrane. Immunologic detection of sperm components separated by electrophoresis on 12% sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels followed by transfer to nitrocellulose sheets was used to identify the sperm components recognized by two of the mAbs in this group: M29, which inhibited fertilization, and M2, which did not inhibit fertilization. Using M29 mAb, a single sperm component with an apparent subunit molecular weight of approximately 40,000 was detected, whereas in the nitrocellulose strips incubated with M2 mAb two components displayed reactivity, a very prominent band at approximately 44,000 and a tight cluster of bands at approximately 36,000. Parallel nitrocellulose strips of mouse liver did not display these reactivities, consistent with indirect immunofluorescence data in which only testis and sperm, and not liver, kidney, ovary, and epididymal epithelium, demonstrated positive reactivity. These results indicate that the use of mAbs permits identification of sperm components that participate, putatively, in individual events of the fertilization process. Furthermore, using this strategy, we have identified a specific sperm component that appears to be a candidate for a role in sperm fusion with the egg plasma membrane. PMID- 3899207 TI - Water-regulatory behaviour in terrestrial gastropods. PMID- 3899208 TI - Chaotic and irregular bursting electrical activity in mouse pancreatic B-cells. AB - The glucose-induced B-cell electrical activity was recorded in islets of Langerhans isolated from Swiss Webster albino mice originating from different suppliers. 23 out of 25 islets obtained from mice bred at the Charles River Breeding Station (CR mice) exhibited irregular or chaotic burst patterns of electrical activity, while 36 out of 40 islets isolated from mice bred locally at the National Institutes of Health displayed the typical bursting activity. The CR mice tended to recover a regular pattern after 1 mo on the National Institutes of Health mouse diet. The irregular or chaotic bursting electrical activity is proposed to result from changes in B-cell membrane composition or cellular metabolism, possibly induced by differences in diet. PMID- 3899209 TI - Binding of ethidium to bacteriophage T7 and T7 deletion mutants. PMID- 3899210 TI - The generative grammar of the immune system. Nobel lecture, 8 December 1984. PMID- 3899211 TI - Functional prokaryotic gene control signals within a eukaryotic rainbow trout protamine promoter. AB - Following the construction of a series of pSV2-cat derived plasmids containing the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene under the control of a eukaryotic trout protamine promoter, it was noted that Escherichia coli, transformed with these plasmids, developed resistance to chloramphenicol (CM). This result suggested that the eukaryotic trout protamine promoter possessed significant prokaryotic promoter activity. Modification of the trout protamine promoter region by removing the region containing the eukaryotic Goldberg-Hogness box in the plasmid p525-cat increased the expression of the CAT gene almost to the wild-type level and conferred strong CM resistance. Sequence comparisons of the plasmid series indicate that prokaryotic promoter elements are present in the trout protamine promoter and that their similarity to the prokaryotic promoter consensus sequences and the distance between the two elements is more favourable in p525-cat, the plasmid which confers the greatest CM resistance. PMID- 3899212 TI - Adaptations to craniofacial anomalies and dysfunctions. PMID- 3899213 TI - Fluorescence polarization applied to cellular microrheology. AB - The fluorescence polarization of probe molecules gives information on the "fluidity" of probe environment. Although the data cannot be related with absolute values of microviscosity, the method is largely used for probing the "fluidity" of lipid regions of biological membranes. Therefore, fluorescence polarization is of interest in clinical research, for membrane alterations are associated with either pathological processes of red cells, platelets, leukocytes or important cell functions. PMID- 3899214 TI - [Experimental diarrhea in mice induced by oral infection with an enterotoxigenic strain of E. coli]. AB - It has been shown in experiments on adult random-bred and BALB/c Sto mice that oral infection with human strain of E. coli N-10407 induces enterocolitis characterized by marked diarrheal syndrome but without lethal outcome. The action of the strain not colonizing the intestinal mucosa of mice may be accounted for by a weak cytopathic effect of the infecting microorganism and its toxin. The data obtained indicate that adult mice may serve as a convenient model for investigation of colibacillary diarrhea induced by enterotoxigenic strain of E. coli, BALB/c Sto mice being a more sensitive model than random-bred animals. PMID- 3899215 TI - [Immunoautoradiographic detection of viral antigens in infected cells]. AB - A simple and highly specific method for detection of virus antigens in infected cells is described. It involves the following stages: cell fixation by acetone, treatment by specific immune serum, and detection of the immune complex by 125I protein of S. aureus followed by autoradiography. PMID- 3899216 TI - Stimulation of bone marrow-derived and peritoneal macrophages by a T lymphocyte derived hemopoietic growth factor, persisting cell-stimulating factor. AB - Several lines of evidence indicated that P cell-stimulating factor (PSF), a T lymphocyte-derived lymphokine known to stimulate the growth of hemopoietic stem and progenitor cells, also acted on macrophages. PSF was absorbed from medium that had been mixed for two hours at 0 degrees C with either resident or thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal cells, suggesting the presence of receptors for PSF on cells in the population. The addition of pure PSF to populations highly enriched in either resident or elicited adherent peritoneal macrophages resulted in stimulation of macrophages with morphological changes, including increases in size, spreading, vacuolation, and the number of cytoplasmic processes, together with stimulation of proliferation and the phagocytosis of opsonized yeast. PSF also stimulated the incorporation of [3H]thymidine by bone marrow-derived adherent macrophages. Addition of pure PSF to cultures that contained only a single macrophage resulted in enhanced survival and proliferation of these isolated cells, demonstrating that the effect of PSF on macrophages was direct. These results indicate that PSF can stimulate well differentiated functional macrophages and raise the possibility that the effects of PSF on macrophages may play a regulatory role in immune responses. PMID- 3899217 TI - Characterization of patients with an increased susceptibility to bacterial infections and a genetic deficiency of leukocyte membrane complement receptor type 3 and the related membrane antigen LFA-1. AB - Three children from two unrelated families had a history of recurrent bacterial infections, and their neutrophils were shown to have deficient phagocytic and respiratory responses and possible deficiencies in chemotaxis or adherence. Their neutrophils were strikingly deficient in the ability to ingest or give a respiratory burst in response to unopsonized bakers' yeast or zymosan (Z). Tests for neutrophil and monocyte CR1 (C3b/iC3b receptor) and CR3 (iC3b receptor) demonstrated rosettes with both EC3b and EC3bi. However, EC3bi were bound only to CR1, and not to CR3, because EC3bi rosettes were inhibited completely by anti CR1. Neutrophils, monocytes, and natural killer (NK) cells also did not fluorescence stain with monoclonal antibodies specific for the alpha-chain of CR3 (anti-Mac-1, anti-Mol, OKM1, and MN-41). Quantitation of C receptors with 125I monoclonal anti-CR1 and anti-CR3 indicated that neutrophils from each patient expressed normal amounts of CR1 per cell but less than 10% of the normal amount of CR3. Examination of neutrophils by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis demonstrated that a normal glycoprotein of approximately 165,000 daltons was missing. Immunoblotting of these gels indicated that the missing band was the alpha-chain of CR3. Subsequent analysis of all three patients' cells also demonstrated a deficiency of LFA-1 alpha-chain and the common beta-chain that is shared by the CR3/LFA-1/p150,95 membrane antigen family. The deficiency of LFA-1 probably explained the absent NK cell function, as normal NK cell activity is inhibited by anti-LFA-1 but not by anti-CR3. The reduced phagocytic and respiratory responses to Z were probably due to CR3 deficiency, because treatment of normal neutrophils with anti-CR3, but not anti-FLA-1, inhibits responses to Z by 80% to 90%. Ingestion of Staphylococcus epidermidis by normal neutrophils was shown to be partially inhibited by monoclonal antibodies to the alpha-chain of either CR3 or LFA-1, and monoclonal antibody to the common beta-chain inhibited ingestion by 75%. Thus, both CR3 and LFA-1 may have previously unrecognized functions as phagocyte receptors for bacteria. The absence of this type of nonimmune recognition of bacteria by these children's neutrophils may be one of the reasons for their increased susceptibility to bacterial infections. PMID- 3899218 TI - Seymour Pollack and the American Board of Forensic Psychiatry. PMID- 3899219 TI - Seymour Pollack, MD, and the creation of AAPL regional chapters. PMID- 3899220 TI - In memoriam: Seymour Pollack, MA, MD, 1916-1982. PMID- 3899221 TI - Hyperoxia effects on lung vascular circulating and marginated leukocytes in the rat. AB - The vascular sequestration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) may be responsible for endothelial injury leading to lung oedema, which occurs when rats are exposed to pure normobaric oxygen. Indeed, marginated PMN in close contact with the endothelium are able to damage the latter when activated. In the present work, marginated leukocytes were recovered by lavage through the pulmonary artery in isolated rat lung and the leukocyte differential count in blood and in the lung perfusion liquid (perfusate) was studied. Following 55 h of hyperoxia, a rise in the PMN count and lymphocytopenia were observed in the blood and in the perfusate. Moreover, the relatively greater increase in the PMN concentration in the perfusate than in the blood suggested a strengthening of their margination along the endothelium. A clear protective effect was noted during hyperoxia provided previous injection of endotoxin (1.5 mg X kg-1 intraperitoneally) had been performed. Indeed, after 65 h of hyperoxia, none of these rats (Endo/O2) died and there was no pleural effusion. The lymphocyte count was maintained within the normal limit and the number of PMN in the lung perfusion fluid and in blood was reduced. Results of this study suggest an essential role of the marginated PMN in lung oxygen toxicity. PMID- 3899222 TI - Positive expiratory pressure (PEP-mask) physiotherapy improves ventilation and reduces volume of trapped gas in cystic fibrosis. AB - To investigate the lung function during positive expiratory pressure (PEP) physiotherapy in cystic fibrosis, the resistance tube of the PEP-mask was inserted into the expiratory outlet of our lung function equipment. This enabled us to measure a variety of lung function variables, while the lung function equipment functioned as a PEP-mask. We studied 12 patients and found that during PEP-mask physiotherapy functional residual capacity (FRC) increased significantly (p less than 0.02). There was a decrease of washout volume (WOV) (p less than 0.05), lung clearance index (WOV/FRC) (p less than 0.001) and volume of trapped gas (p less than 0.05), whereas total lung capacity, vital capacity, tidal volume and residual volume did not change significantly. It is concluded that in cystic fibrosis PEP-mask physiotherapy evens the intrapulmonary distribution of the ventilation and opens up regions, that are otherwise closed off. The results support the clinical observation that PEP-mask physiotherapy increases the transcutaneous tension of oxygen and the expectoration of sputum. PMID- 3899224 TI - Exercise- and hyperventilation-induced asthma. PMID- 3899223 TI - The immunoperoxidase slide assay. A new method for the demonstration of surface antigens on bronchoalveolar lavage cells. AB - The immunoperoxidase slide assay (ISA) is described as a new method for the demonstration of surface markers on bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells. This technique makes the unlabelled antibody enzyme method using the peroxidase antiperoxidase (PAP) immune complex for labelling suitable for the evaluation of single cells. By this method, viable cells are firmly attached to poly-L-lysine coated reaction areas of siliconized glass slides. The ISA technique was found to be very useful for testing a battery of monoclonal antibodies against surface antigens on BAL cells from one specimen in parallel. This is due to the low amount of cells needed for this method. Other advantages compared to immunofluorescence techniques are the reduced costs, the possibility of a permanent documentation of the staining on the glass slide preparations, the higher sensitivity and the well preserved morphology of cells. Normal values for lymphocyte markers (OKT3/Leu-1, OKT4/Leu-3a, OKT8/Leu-2a, Leu-7, B1) and monocyte/macrophage markers (OKIa, anti-Mono, anti-IgG) are reported. PMID- 3899225 TI - The development of the frozen section technique, the evolution of surgical biopsy, and the origins of surgical pathology. PMID- 3899226 TI - The description and diagnosis of leprosy by fourteenth-century physicians. PMID- 3899227 TI - Meyer, Jung, and the limits of association. PMID- 3899228 TI - Hunting the yellow fever germ: the principle and practice of etiological proof in late nineteenth-century America. PMID- 3899229 TI - A case book of the Philadelphia Almshouse Infirmary. Dr. James Rush attending physician [8 October 1819 to 10 February 1820]. PMID- 3899230 TI - Diversity and professionalism in American medical history: the AAHM in the 1980s. PMID- 3899231 TI - Of the writing of hospital histories there is no end. An essay review. PMID- 3899232 TI - Statement and recommendations concerning the Office of the Chief Medical Examiner. PMID- 3899233 TI - Vascular trauma. PMID- 3899234 TI - Johnson and Boswell: "vile melancholy" and "the hypochondriack". PMID- 3899235 TI - Arthritis in children. AB - Chronic arthritis in children is uncommon. Careful clinical and laboratory studies over many years have defined subgroups of disease that have their characteristic pattern of joint development and disease course. The prognosis for children who have arthritis is generally excellent but it may take years of care by a variety of specialists to achieve optimum results. PMID- 3899236 TI - Deafness in children. AB - Early detection of deafness is important for rehabilitation and diagnosis. In spite of prompt treatment the effects of deafness on language and learning can be devastating. The scope of hearing aids is advancing all the time, but the severely deaf child will never be able to obtain anything but rudimentary auditory input. As deaf children and their parents become more aware of the risks of genetic deafness, an aetiology should be established wherever possible. PMID- 3899237 TI - The preparation of saphenous veins for coronary artery bypass grafts. AB - Coronary grafting is the commonest operation nowadays performed in the Western world. Its success depends on the quality of the vein harvested; this task should be the duty of the most skilled surgeon of the team. This article lays down a rational quick efficient and successful technique so that the coordinated simultaneous procedures necessary in the early phase of a coronary graft operation result in an excellent vein in good time for its implantation in the heart. PMID- 3899238 TI - The influence of neonatal treatment with capsaicin on the control of blood pressure in adult rats in water-replete and water-deprived states. AB - Arterial blood pressures and heart rates were measured in water-replete and in water-deprived (48 h) conscious, adult rats that had received capsaicin (50 mg kg 1) or its vehicle neonatally. Resting arterial blood pressures and heart rates in capsaicin-treated rats were not different from the controls in either the water replete or the water-deprived state. Inhibition of the vascular actions of vasopressin (with 1-beta-mercapto,-beta, beta-cyclopentamethylenepropionic acid, 8-D-arginine vasopressin, (d(CH2)5DAVP] had no significant effect on blood pressures in the water-replete animals but caused a significant hypotension in water-deprived rats; the magnitude of the hypotension was the same irrespective of whether the animals had received capsaicin or its vehicle. During angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition (with captopril) and ganglion blockade (with pentolinium), the vasopressin-mediated blood pressure recovery was more gradual in the capsaicin-treated animals than in the controls, but after 60 min blood pressures were similar in all groups. Collectively the results indicate that although the full development of vasopressin-dependent mechanisms following acute hypotension takes longer when a large proportion of unmyelinated afferent fibres have been destroyed by neonatal treatment with capsaicin, 48 h of water deprivation results in a normal involvement of vasopressin-dependent mechanisms in the maintenance of blood pressure. PMID- 3899239 TI - An open clinical trial of carbamazepine in treatment-resistant bipolar and schizo affective psychotics. PMID- 3899240 TI - Efficacy and safety of low-molecular-weight heparin (CY216) in preventing postoperative venous thrombo-embolism: a co-operative study. AB - The efficacy and safety of a low-molecular-weight (LMW) heparin fraction in preventing postoperative venous thrombo-embolism, was assessed in a double blind, randomly allocated trial, and in an 'open' study. Of 395 patients included in the double blind trial, 199 received unfractionated (UF) calcium heparin, and 196 the LMW heparin fraction. The data were analysed on an 'intention to treat' basis. The two groups were well matched for risk factors which could predispose to the development of venous thrombosis. Fifteen (7.5 per cent) of one hundred and ninety-nine patients receiving UF heparin, and five (2.5 per cent) of one hundred and ninety-six patients in the LMW heparin group developed DVT (P less than 0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of excessive incisional or total blood loss during surgery, postoperative drainage or wound haematoma formation. Of 910 patients included in the 'open' study who received a single injection of LMW heparin every day, 30 (3.2 per cent) died during the postoperative period; in none of the autopsied patients were pulmonary emboli detected. Thirty-one (3.4 per cent) patients developed isotopic DVT; twenty-seven (2.9 per cent) were receiving prophylaxis at the time the DVT was diagnosed. Thirty-six (3.9 per cent) patients developed wound haematoma; twenty five (12.4 per cent) of those were in the two hundred and one undergoing surgery for gynaecological conditions, and eleven (1.5 per cent) in the seven hundred and nine patients having general abdominal surgery. This difference is statistically significant (P less than 0.001). The results of a double blind trial indicate that a single daily injection of 1850 APTT units (7500 antifactor Xa units) of a LMW heparin is more effective than 10 000 APTT units of commercially available UF heparin in preventing postoperative DVT. The findings of the 'open' study suggest that this regimen also provides an effective prophylaxis against post-operative major pulmonary embolism. PMID- 3899241 TI - Effects of bile, infection and pressure on pancreatic duct integrity. AB - Ionic flux, potential difference and mucosal ultrastructure have been studied in the rat bile-pancreatic duct and the effects of pressure, bile and infection on the duct evaluated. The duct remained stable after perfusion with control solution under low pressure and high pressure produced widening of intercellular spaces only. Perfusion with a bacterial solution of Escherichia coli did not effect significant changes. Sterile human bile disturbed the integrity of the duct by increasing ionic flux, altering potential difference and producing reversible ultrastructural changes of cell oedema. High pressure increased these changes. Infected human bile under high or low pressure was by far the most toxic substance tested. Perfusion with infected bile led to irreversible duct damage and complete loss of duct integrity. Pressure and infected bile may have a role in damaging duct integrity and could thus play an integral part in the genesis of acute gallstone pancreatitis. PMID- 3899242 TI - Malignant melanoma of the hand and foot: diagnosis and management. AB - Forty-six patients with melanoma of the hand (5) and foot (41) studied prospectively between 1972-84 have been reviewed to determine guidelines for diagnosis and management. The clinical appearance is varied and the lesions are often misdiagnosed as warts or fungal infections. Clinical assessment of tumour thickness on the sole is difficult because of the nature of the plantar skin. Incision rather than excision biopsy is indicated because of the functional consequences of large excisions on the hand and foot. Melanoma of the toe was treated by local metatarsophalangeal amputation. Plantar melanomas were excised with a 3 cm margin. Dorsum melanomas were treated by a selective policy of 1, 2 or 3 cm margins according to clinical assessment of tumour thickness. These policies have resulted in only one case of local recurrence. An in situ Silastic foam mould facilitates immediate application of split skin grafts to irregular areas. The functional results of split skin grafts on sole and heel have been satisfactory. Toe lesions were thickest, dorsum thinnest, sole and heel intermediate. The prognosis related to these groupings of tumour thickness. Simultaneous clinical nodal involvement carried a hopeless prognosis, and most patients developing nodes within 2 years die--unless treated by prophylactic dissection. The role of prophylactic dissection is still not defined, but it is likely that it will be used more frequently in the future. Early diagnosis offers most hope of improving the outlook. Many elderly patients with nodular lesions have had moles for many years. Younger patients are now being seen with thin lesions, even on the toe. PMID- 3899243 TI - The detection of renal allograft rejection by fine-needle intrarenal manometry. AB - The causes of early renal allograft malfunction include rejection, acute tubular necrosis, cyclosporin nephrotoxicity and vascular complications. Fine-needle intrarenal manometry is a potential method of distinguishing rejection from the other causes of malfunction and has been used by Salaman and Griffin in patients' treated with cyclosporin. The technique involves inserting a fine-needle, which is connected to a specially designed manometer, into the substance of the transplant kidney. One hundred and six measurements of intrarenal pressure have been made in 28 patients immunosuppressed with either azathioprine and prednisolone or cyclosporin. Thirteen rejection episodes were identified and confirmed by biopsy. These were treated by pulse steroid (methylprednisolone) therapy. Seven episodes of cyclosporin toxicity were identified and there were fifteen episodes of acute tubular necrosis. The mean intrarenal pressure in the rejecting group was 52.8 mmHg compared with 22.3, 24.1 and 24.3 mmHg for the normal function, acute tubular necrosis and cyclosporin nephrotoxicity groups, respectively (P less than 0.01; Wilcoxon unpaired test). There were no differences within these groups related to the type of immunosuppression used. There were no clinical complications associated with the procedure. Thus in newly transplanted patients, fine-needle intrarenal manometry accurately identified rejection and distinguished it from normal function, acute tubular necrosis and cyclosporin nephrotoxicity in all the patients regardless of the immunosuppressants used. PMID- 3899244 TI - CAPD and renal transplantation. AB - Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) is believed to improve the immune competence of end-stage renal failure patients and to increase the risk of graft rejection following subsequent renal transplantation. At this centre, 220 consecutive renal transplants have been studied in patients treated by either CAPD or haemodialysis (HD). Patient and graft survival was not significantly different for the two treatment groups over a five year follow-up. When only first cadaver recipients were considered (152 grafts) one-year graft survival (non-immunological failures excluded) was 77 per cent for CAPD and 79 per cent for HD patients (P greater than 0.05). Time on dialysis and number of pre operative transfusions were significantly greater for the HD patients (P less than 0.05). A group of HD and CAPD patients were identified as being matched for age, sex, HLA, A, B, DR antigen matches, pre-operative transfusions and time-on dialysis. One-year graft survival of the CAPD patients was 82 per cent and for the HD patients 61 per cent. Studies of patient lymphocyte function and plasma suppressive activity in vitro revealed no differences between CAPD and HD treated patients. CAPD is not an immunological risk factor in renal transplantation and its continued use in the preparation of patients for transplantation is recommended. PMID- 3899245 TI - Lumbar sympathectomy for arterial disease. PMID- 3899246 TI - The prediction of local or regional recurrence after simple mastectomy for operable breast cancer. AB - Both the histological grade of the primary tumour and lymph node status have been found to contribute significantly towards the development of a local or regional recurrence after simple mastectomy for operable breast cancer. No other factor, from a series of seven studied, has been found to be of independent significance. A small group of patients with grade III tumours, lymph node positive at mastectomy, has been identified in whom more than 40 per cent of all symptomatic local or regional recurrences occurred. The chance a patient in this group has of developing a local or regional recurrence requiring treatment within 4 years approaches 50 per cent. PMID- 3899247 TI - Ultrasonographic detection of early and curable carcinoma of the gallbladder. AB - Five patients with early carcinoma of the gallbladder detected by ultrasonography were studied. Three complained of non-specific upper abdominal symptoms or were asymptomatic and two had severe biliary colic. Gallstones were present in the two patients without biliary symptoms. Early carcinoma of the gallbladder was demonstrated as a polypoid tumour by ultrasound in four patients and as thickening of the gallbladder wall in one. The tumour was over 2 cm in diameter in all but one patient in whom the tumour enlarged rapidly from 5 to 10 mm. Size of the tumour and extent of spread were closely related. All but one patient underwent curative resection. Ultrasonography enhances the detection of early carcinoma of the gallbladder especially in old patients with non-specific abdominal symptoms and the operative cure rate is thereby improved. PMID- 3899248 TI - A randomized trial to compare single with multiple phenol injection treatment for haemorrhoids. AB - One hundred and twenty consecutive patients were entered into a randomized trial of single versus multiple phenol injection for the treatment of haemorrhoids. Follow-up at 3 and 12 months was available in 105 patients (56 in the single group and 49 in the multiple group). The results have shown that injection therapy, whether this be single or multiple, is an extremely effective form of therapy for patients with first or second degree haemorrhoids. PMID- 3899249 TI - Diagnosis of gallstones. PMID- 3899250 TI - Effect of adjuvant chemo- or immunotherapy on the prognosis of colorectal cancer operated for cure. AB - After radical surgery for colorectal cancer, 178 patients with a Dukes' B or C tumour were randomly assigned to one of three groups: A, controls (n = 62); B, chemotherapy (n = 59); C, immunotherapy (n = 57). Randomization criteria (age, sex, Dukes' stage, localization of tumour, operative procedure) were evenly distributed throughout the groups. After a median observation time of 30 months, statistical analyses were performed: survival and probability to be free of recurrence was described by Kaplan-Meier estimates of the survival function; for comparison of these survival functions, Breslow's test was used. Overall analyses show no benefit in the treatment group compared to controls. Separate analyses by Dukes' stages showed that in patients with Dukes' C tumours the probability of survival 40 months after surgery was 72 per cent in group C, 51 per cent in group B, and 33 per cent in group A. The differences between groups C and A, and B and A were statistically significant (P less than 0.02 and P less than 0.03 respectively). For a Dukes' C tumour the probability to be free of distant metastases at 30 months after surgery was 80 per cent in group B, 68 per cent in group C and 52 per cent in group A. Also for a Dukes' C tumour the probability to be free of liver metastases at 21 months after surgery was 83 per cent in group B, 81 per cent in group C, and 54 per cent in group A (significant differences: B A and C-A P less than 0.04 for both). There was no influence on the estimated incidence of local recurrences for stage Dukes' C. Patients with a Dukes' B tumour did not benefit from either of the adjuvant therapy schemes. PMID- 3899251 TI - Intrarectal ultrasound and computed tomography in the pre- and postoperative assessment of patients with rectal cancer. AB - The ability of intrarectal ultrasound to recognize the local extent of disease was investigated in 23 patients with histologically proven adenocarcinoma of the lower two-thirds of the rectum before operation. Two probes, 12 cm long, working at a frequency of 3.5 and 7.5 MHz, were used. The results were compared with those of pre-operative computed tomography (CT) and with the pathological report of the resected specimens. Sonography correctly staged 20 of 23 tumours with two false negatives and one false positive, while CT correctly staged 19 of 23 tumours with two false negatives and two false positives. The results of ultrasound were found to be as accurate as those of CT; the low cost and simple use of ultrasound makes it preferable in the pre-operative assessment of the depth of invasion of rectal cancer. In addition, intrarectal ultrasound was routinely performed in 42 patients, operated on for rectal cancer by means of sphincter-saving procedures, at variable intervals in the first 2 years postoperatively. Eight local recurrences were recognized and confirmed by CT. Based on the low cost, reliability and simple use, intrarectal ultrasound is proposed as first examination for local recurrence detection in the follow-up of patients with low anterior resection for rectal cancer. PMID- 3899252 TI - Constipation: results of surgical treatment. PMID- 3899253 TI - Anorectal incontinence: electrophysiological tests. PMID- 3899254 TI - Physiological reactions of the gastrointestinal tract to stress. PMID- 3899255 TI - Cancer of the large bowel: human carcinogenesis. PMID- 3899256 TI - Genetic aspects of carcinogenesis. PMID- 3899257 TI - Visceral pain. PMID- 3899258 TI - Antibody markers. PMID- 3899259 TI - Radioimmunoscintigraphy of cancer. PMID- 3899260 TI - Carcinoembryonic antigen and recurrent colorectal cancer. PMID- 3899261 TI - Imaging. PMID- 3899262 TI - Mechanisms of flatulence and diarrhoea. PMID- 3899263 TI - Adjuvant radiotherapy in rectal cancer: the MRC trials. PMID- 3899264 TI - Pre-operative radiotherapy in operable rectal cancer: interim report of a trial carried out by the Rectal Cancer Group. PMID- 3899265 TI - Radiation therapy and rectal carcinoma: The Princess Margaret Hospital experience. PMID- 3899266 TI - Faecal occult blood testing: sensitivity and specificity. PMID- 3899267 TI - A control trial of faecal occult blood screening for colorectal cancer: 2-year results. PMID- 3899268 TI - Arbuthnot Lane's disease: chronic intestinal stasis. PMID- 3899269 TI - Cancer risk in ulcerative colitis: surveillance or surgery. PMID- 3899270 TI - Crohn's disease in childhood. PMID- 3899271 TI - The short bowel. PMID- 3899272 TI - Epidermoid cancer of the anus. PMID- 3899273 TI - Fourth ventricular phlorizin dissociates feeding from hyperglycemia in rats. AB - The effects of 4th ventricular injections of phlorizin and 5-thioglucose (5-TG) on feeding, plasma glucose, and plasma insulin levels were determined. Fourth ventricular applications of phlorizin (13 micrograms) and 5-TG (150 and 210 micrograms) were equally effective in stimulating feeding. Systemic injections of phlorizin (13 micrograms) did not stimulate feeding. In the absence of food, hyperglycemia was elicited by 4th ventricular injections of 5-TG. In contrast, the dose of phlorizin that stimulated feeding, did not produce hyperglycemia. Basal plasma insulin levels were not affected by either of the 4th ventricular injections. These data indicate that activation of caudal brainstem metabolic interoceptors provides an afferent limb for the production of compensatory responses and that behavioral and autonomic compensatory responses can be activated independently. The glucodynamic action of phlorizin appears selective for that mechanism mediating the behavioral compensatory response of feeding in contrast to the dual effects produced by 5-TG. These and other data suggest that different caudal brainstem mechanisms control behavioral and autonomic compensatory responses. PMID- 3899274 TI - Phylogenetic conservatism in the presence of a neurotensin-related hexapeptide in neurons of globus pallidus. AB - The vast majority of the pallidal neurons of the hamster, pigeon, caiman and turtle basal telencephalon were positively labeled by an antiserum against LANT 6, a neurotensin-like hexapeptide. In sharks also, LANT-6-positive neurons were observed in the apparent equivalent of the globus pallidus. These results, which imply the coexistence of a LANT-6-like peptide with gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in pallidal neurons, suggest that a LANT-6-like peptide may be an important and evolutionarily conserved neurotransmitter/neuromodulator in pallidal neurons. PMID- 3899276 TI - A method for anterograde axonal tracing of chemically specified circuits in the central nervous system: combined Phaseolus vulgaris-leucoagglutinin (PHA-L) tract tracing and immunohistochemistry. AB - A method is described for combining anterograde axonal tract tracing using concurrent double immunohistochemical localization of axonally transported Phaseolus vulgaris-leucoagglutinin (PHA-L) and endogenous neural antigens. With this technique, some projections of the substantia nigra and the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus are examined to demonstrate advantages offered by this approach for tracing chemically specified circuits in the central nervous system. PMID- 3899275 TI - An intracellular study of the interactions of N-methyl-DL-aspartate with ketamine in the mouse hippocampal slice. AB - Intracellular recordings were made from dentate and CA1 pyramidal cells of the mouse hippocampal slice preparation. N-methyl-DL-aspartate (NMDLA), quisqualate and kainate and the anaesthetic agent, ketamine, were applied by microelectrophoresis. Excitation by NMDLA but not by the other amino acids, was associated with increased outward rectification. Ketamine had no effect on the resting potential or current/voltage relation of the cells, but selectively antagonised the responses to NMDLA. Action potentials evoked by NMDLA were characteristically broader than those evoked by the other amino acids or by the passage of depolarising current through the electrode. PMID- 3899277 TI - Modulation of dopamine receptor supersensitivity by chronic insulin: implication in schizophrenia. AB - Haloperidol-induced increases in the number of dopamine receptors, as measured by [3H]spiperone binding to striatal membranes, do not occur in rats repeatedly treated with insulin in doses eliciting pronounced hypoglycemia. Given alone, however, insulin has no effect on [3H]spiperone binding in normal rats. These findings demonstrate a modulating effect of insulin on brain dopamine receptor sensitization. This effect might be relevant to the mechanism of insulin coma therapy in schizophrenia and is consistent with and supports the dopaminergic hypothesis of this disorder. PMID- 3899278 TI - In vivo analysis of dopamine and its metabolites in the caudate nucleus during euthermia and hibernation. AB - Golden-mantled ground squirrels (Citellus lateralis) were chronically implanted with a unilateral push-pull cannula in the caudate nucleus. Perfusates obtained in these unanesthetized, unrestrained animals during the euthermic (non hibernating) and hibernating states were analyzed for dopamine (DA) and its metabolites (homovanillic acid (HVA), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenethanol (MOPET) using high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. The data revealed clear differences in the performance of the caudate DA system in the two states. During the euthermic state, DA metabolism was indicative of a constant and high turnover rate. Free DA was not detectable in the majority of samples, HVA was detected at consistently high levels, and DOPAC and conjugated DA were present at low levels. By contrast, DA metabolism was sharply altered during hibernation. Free DA was present at high concentrations and HVA concentrations were low. DOPAC was not detected in any sample whereas MOPET was present in all samples. Conjugated DA was present at high concentrations during the second half of the hibernation bout. The shift in the post-release disposition of DA could enhance the stability of DA receptors (i.e. prevent supersensitivity) during the prolonged periods of reduced neural activity typical of hibernation. PMID- 3899279 TI - The calcitonin gene-related peptide-containing fiber projection from the hypothalamus to the lateral septal area including its fine structures. AB - The afferent source of calcitonin gene-related peptide-like immunoreactive (CGRPI) fibers in the lateral septal area of the rat was sought by using indirect immunofluorescence technique. These fibers decreased markedly on the operated side after the destruction of the area between the anterior hypothalamic nucleus and the lateral hypothalamus where there were a number of CGRPI cells. We also examined the fine structure of CGRPI fibers in the lateral septal area. Many CGRPI fibers forming axosomatic synapses were identified. These facts strongly suggest that CGRPI cells in the area between the anterior hypothalamic nucleus and the lateral hypothalamus project ipsilaterally to the lateral septal area and directly influence the soma there. PMID- 3899280 TI - Calcitonin gene-related peptide projection from the ventromedial thalamic nucleus to the insular cortex: a combined retrograde transport and immunocytochemical study. AB - We employed a highly sensitive combination method of retrograde tracing and immunohistochemistry to identify calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) containing fiber pathways in the rat from the ventrolateral part of the ventrolateral thalamic nucleus (vl-vl) and the caudal continuation to the insular cortex. Biotin-wheat germ agglutinin (B-WGA) injected into the insular cortex labeled numerous neurons in the vl-vl and the caudal continuation ipsilaterally; simultaneous staining with CGRP antiserum revealed that some of these neurons are CGRP positive. PMID- 3899281 TI - Chemotaxis of rat brain astrocytes to platelet derived growth factor. AB - Using a purified population of rat brain astrocytes prepared from neonatal cortex, we investigated the chemotaxis of astroglia to several well characterized growth factors. Chemotactic activity for astrocytes was found for the platelet derived growth factor with a half maximal response occurring at 0.5 ng/ml as compared with a value of 2-3 ng/ml obtained for NIH/3T3 fibroblasts in control experiments. Other growth factors including epidermal growth factor, fibroblast growth factor and insulin were inactive as chemoattractants. Affinity purified fibronectin was also found to stimulate the migration of astroglia, with half maximal doses of approximately 1 microgram/ml relative to maximal responses to platelet derived growth factor. PMID- 3899282 TI - Combined electrophysiological, immunocytochemical and peptide release measurements in the hypothalamic slice. AB - Sagittal hypothalamic slices were prepared from cycling female guinea pigs and incubated for 10-12 h during which time intracellular recordings were made from 274 arcuate and cell-poor zone (ARC-CPZ) neurons. Many of the cells exhibited spontaneous activity and a small percentage could be driven antidromically via median eminence stimulation and orthodromically via stria terminalis stimulation. During the long-term recording, the effluent medium was collected in 30 of the experiments and radioimmunoassayed using a high-titer, conformational antisera for the peptide luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH). The findings revealed that LH-RH is released in detectable amounts from slices prepared from a single hypothalamus, that the amount of LH-RH released is dependent on the stage of the cycle, and that it can be stimulated by known secretagogues like prostaglandin E2. Following the electrophysiological experiments, the slices were fixed and processed for immunocytochemistry using a specific antisera (EL-14) for LH-RH. LH-RH neurons were stained throughout the ARC-CPZ area with intense fiber staining in the median eminence. These findings demonstrate that the hypothalamic slice preparation can be utilized for combined electrophysiological, immunocytochemical and peptide release measurements. PMID- 3899283 TI - Transport of 2-deoxy-D-glucose by dissociated brain cells. AB - The characteristics of glucose transport into dissociated cells from rat brain were determined using [1,2-3H]2-deoxyglucose as substrate. The rate of net uptake exhibited biphasic saturation kinetics with increasing substrate concentration; two values each for Km (8.85 and 1.05 mM) and Vmax (20.41 +/- 5.99 nmol/min/mg protein) were obtained, indicating the presence of two transport systems. D glucose competed with [1,2-3H]2-deoxyglucose as shown by increasing degrees of inhibition of uptake of labeled substrate with increasing concentrations of D glucose. The presence of an accelerative exchange mechanism was demonstrated by enhanced rates of uptake of labeled substrate by cells pre-loaded with high levels of unlabeled 2-deoxyglucose. Transport was inhibited by cytochalasin B, phloretin and phloridzin in a manner suggesting that the system is sodium independent. Transport was also inhibited by sodium cyanide, potassium cyanide and dinitrophenol, but not by sodium arsenite or ouabain. Insulin status of the animals had no effect on the rate of transport of this substrate. Net transport was significantly lower in neonatal (4-day-old) rats than in either older sucklings (14-16-day-old) or adult animals; no significant difference between the latter two groups was observed. These findings demonstrate that two carrier mediated systems for glucose transport are present on the membranes of these mixed brain cells suggesting that the kinetic characteristics of glucose transport may differ between neurons and glial cells. The age change in transport rate may reflect age-associated glial cell proliferation and/or an age-dependent increase in the number of transporters per cell in one brain cell type. PMID- 3899284 TI - Assembly of glial intermediate filament protein is initiated in the centriolar region. AB - Assembly of glial intermediate filament protein (GFP) into intermediate filaments (IF) was first detected by immunofluorescence in the perinuclear region of astrocytes differentiating in colony cultures before the rest of the cytoplasm was labeled. Double labeling with antisera specific for centrioles indicated that this site corresponds to the centriolar region. These studies suggest that the centriolar region plays an important role in the assembly of some types of IF as well as microtubules. PMID- 3899285 TI - The LH-RH-containing neuronal network in the preoptic area of the rat: demonstration of LH-RH-containing nerve terminals in synaptic contact with LH-RH neurons. AB - The existence of a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH)-containing local neuronal network in the preoptic area of the rat was demonstrated by electron microscopic immunocytochemistry. LH-RH-immunostained presynaptic boutons were observed in synaptic contact with LH-RH-immunoreactive dendrites and perikarya. PMID- 3899286 TI - LH-RH in the rat and mouse hypothalamus and rat hypophysial portal blood: confirmation of identity by high performance liquid chromatography. AB - The nature of the immunoreactive (IR) form of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) in rat hypophysial portal vessel blood and in extracts of hypothalamus from rats and normal and hypogonadal (hpg) mice was investigated using high performance liquid chromatography and two highly specific anti-LH-RH sera. In rat hypophysial portal blood and in hypothalamic extracts from rats and normal mice a single immunoreactive peak was present which corresponded in retention time to synthetic LH-RH. No LH-RH-IR was detected in hypothalamic extracts from the hpg strain of mouse. PMID- 3899287 TI - Fibroblast growth factor is a mitogen for oligodendrocytes in vitro. AB - The effect of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) on oligodendrocyte development has been studied using dissociated mixed brain cells, cultured in a previously described serum-free medium. A greater number of galactocerebroside-positive oligodendrocytes could be demonstrated after 7 days in the presence of FGF than in control values. Using combined immunofluorescence and autoradiography an increased [3H]thymidine incorporation by galactocerebroside-positive oligodendrocytes was demonstrated after various times of exposure to FGF. PMID- 3899289 TI - [Dr. Jozef Pantocek--a pioneer in radiobiology and algology in Slovakia]. PMID- 3899288 TI - The distribution of cholecystokinin-8 in the central nervous system of turtles: an immunohistochemical and biochemical study. AB - Immunohistochemical techniques, radioimmunoassay (RIA) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were used to: (1) determine the regional distribution and amounts of cholecystokinin-8 (CCK8)-like immunoreactivity in the turtle central nervous system, and (2) chemically characterize the CCK8-like material present in the turtle central nervous system. High levels of CCK8-like immunoreactivity were found in the turtle central nervous system, with the highest levels being present in the hypothalamus and neurohypophysis. Moderate levels of the CCK8-like material were found in all other regions of the turtle nervous system except the cerebellum, the olfactory bulbs and the dorsal ventricular ridge of the telencephalon, which contained low levels. The bulk (87%) of the CCK8-like material in turtle central nervous system co-eluted with CCK8-sulfate in gradient elution HPLC. The distribution of CCK8-like immunoreactivity (CCK8LI) observed using immunohistochemistry was consistent with the results of the RIA studies. Numerous CCK8LI-containing neurons and fibers were observed in the hypothalamus and neurohypophysis. Neurons and fibers containing CCK8 were, however, more sparsely distributed outside the hypothalamus. The immunohistochemical data provided evidence for the existence of two major CCK8-containing pathways in turtles that have been previously described in mammals: a pathway from the supraoptic and paraventricular magnocellular nuclei to the external zone of the median eminence and neurohypophysis and a pathway from dorsal root ganglia to the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. Overall, the present results, in conjunction with several previous studies, indicate that CCK8 has had a relatively stable evolutionary history as a CNS neuropeptide among land vertebrates. The molecular structure of CCK8 appears to have been largely (if not entirely) conserved, as has its concentration in many brain regions. A noteworthy exception to such conservatism in the localization of CCK8 is that the concentration of CCK8 in the telencephalon, particularly in the telencephalic cortex, is much lower in turtles than in mammals. The present results therefore suggest that CCK8 may not have become a prominent peptide in the telencephalic cortex (or its anatomical equivalents) until the evolution of neocortex in the mammalian lineage. PMID- 3899290 TI - [Eulogy of Guy Laroche (1884-1984)]. PMID- 3899291 TI - [Toward conservative surgery of the spleen]. PMID- 3899292 TI - [From Georges Heuyer's thesis on juvenile delinquents to the present situation]. PMID- 3899293 TI - [A new method of curietherapy, more efficient and better tolerated: 2-stage curietherapy with changing of the position of the sources and the radiosensitizer]. PMID- 3899294 TI - [Pregnancy following breast cancer surgery (27 pregnancies in 23 women)]. PMID- 3899295 TI - [Current aspects of hepatic amebiasis]. PMID- 3899296 TI - [Modulation of thyroid hormone synthesis by thyroglobulin]. PMID- 3899297 TI - [Tobacco addiction invades the Third World]. PMID- 3899298 TI - [The activity of human coronary arteries in vitro]. PMID- 3899299 TI - [Somatic aspects of infantile autism]. PMID- 3899300 TI - [Weakness of the gastric mucous barrier and hypersthenic dyspepsia]. PMID- 3899301 TI - [The contribution of music therapy to the management of schizophrenia]. PMID- 3899302 TI - [Conjunctival grafts using lyophilized tissue]. PMID- 3899303 TI - [Pancreatic lithogenesis]. PMID- 3899304 TI - [Eulogy of Pierre Nicolle (1898-1984)]. PMID- 3899305 TI - [Consumption coagulopathies observed in intensive care units (apropos of 359 cases)]. PMID- 3899306 TI - [The immunologic diagnosis of leptospirosis: comparison of the ELISA technic with the agglutination-lysis reaction]. PMID- 3899307 TI - [Georges Duhamel. Address of the President of the National Academy of Medicine]. PMID- 3899308 TI - [Georges Duhamel, the writer]. PMID- 3899309 TI - [Georges Duhamel and medicine]. PMID- 3899310 TI - [Georges Duhamel, the army doctor]. PMID- 3899311 TI - [Georges Duhamel, President of the Alliance Francaise]. PMID- 3899312 TI - [Georges Duhamel, singer of music]. PMID- 3899313 TI - [Bioavailability, a generally little known concept]. PMID- 3899314 TI - [The effects of carcinogens bound to DNA on the biologic methylation of this DNA. Possible role in chemical carcinogenesis]. PMID- 3899315 TI - [Biologic update on hemochromatosis]. PMID- 3899316 TI - Survival of an extensively burned child following use of fragments of autograft skin overlain with meshed allograft skin. AB - This report describes the survival of an extensively burned child following the use of fragments of autograft skin overlain with meshed allograft skin. This procedure is thought to be very useful for treating extensively and deeply burned patients, especially children with limited autograft donor sites. PMID- 3899317 TI - The role of H2 receptor antagonist premedication in pregnant day care patients. AB - In a randomised study of 132 pregnant outpatients, the effect on gastric volume and pH of oral premedication with a single dose of an H2 antagonist was investigated. Either cimetidine 400 mg (n = 33), or ranitidine 150 mg (n = 33), were given 90 to 120 minutes before scheduled surgery. Mean pH was significantly higher in cimetidine (5.0) and ranitidine (5.2) groups, and mean volume was significantly lower in cimetidine (13.2 ml) and ranitidine (11.1 ml) groups compared with 66 untreated patients (pH 1.6, volume 22.1 ml). A gastric pH less than or equal to 2.5 was found in 97 per cent of unpremedicated patients and 35 per cent of these patients also had a gastric volume greater than or equal to 25 ml. Eighty-three per cent of patients received their premedication within 75-200 minutes of surgery. Patients premedicated within that range had a significantly lower incidence of either a gastric pH less than or equal to 2.5 or a volume greater than or equal to 25 ml (p less than 0.01). Both cimetidine and ranitidine significantly reduced the number of patients with these risk factors. Four patients, however, in the cimetidine group had both a pH less than or equal to 2.5 and a volume greater than or equal to 25 ml. Pharmacological manipulation of the gastric environment does not prevent aspiration and clearly cannot be substituted for careful airway management and vigilance on the part of the anaesthetist. However, premedication of pregnant outpatients with a single, oral dose of an H2 antagonist is a simple, inexpensive, safe and effective way of reducing the risk of a severe aspiration pneumonitis. PMID- 3899319 TI - Dr. Harold Griffith 1984-1985. PMID- 3899320 TI - The dental hygienist. An important member of the periodontal team. PMID- 3899318 TI - Imaging for anaesthetists: a review of the methods and anaesthetic implications of diagnostic imaging techniques. PMID- 3899321 TI - Home sweet home. Pigeon racing. PMID- 3899322 TI - The use of marsupialization in resolving a dentigerous cystic lesion. A case presentation. PMID- 3899323 TI - Nevoid basal cell carcinoma. A case report. PMID- 3899324 TI - The future need for dental treatment in Canada. PMID- 3899325 TI - Need for treatment. Implications of disease trends. PMID- 3899326 TI - [Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma]. PMID- 3899327 TI - The filamins: properties and functions. AB - The filamins are a group of homologous proteins defined by their high native molecular weight (500,000), their amino acid compositions, their cross-reactivity to antibodies to heterologous filamins, their localization to actin networks and bundles in situ, and their ability to cross-link actin filaments in vitro into three-dimensional networks and bundles. Native filamins contain two subunits (relative mass = 250 000). Each subunit carries at least one actin-binding site and formation of bivalent dimers is therefore believed to explain filamin's ability to cross-link actin filaments. Formation of networks in vitro (corresponding to formation of macroscopic gels) has been analyzed using the theory of Flory. As predicted, a sharp transition to gel (at the critical gelation concentration of filamin) is observed when actin is mixed with increasing concentrations of filamin and the critical gelation concentration is found to vary inversely with the length of actin filaments. However, the measured values of the critical gelation concentration are all higher (2- to 14-fold) than predicted by the theory and the prediction that the critical concentration varies directly with the actin concentration was verified with only one of two techniques used. Filamin's length (160-190 nm) and flexibility (1000-fold greater than actin filaments) may make it especially well fitted to cross-link actin filaments into three-dimensional networks when present in low molar ratios (1:200 to 1:50) relative to actin. At higher molar ratios (greater than 1:20) it also cross-links actin filaments into bundles. Assuming that filamin actually helps organize supramolecular structures inside cells (not yet tested directly), then its concentration relative to actin may help determine whether networks or bundles are formed. Other factors that may influence its localization and function inside cells include competition with other actin-binding proteins (such as myosin and tropomyosin) for binding sites on actin and phosphorylation, which may alter its ability to bind to actin. PMID- 3899328 TI - The actin treadmill. AB - Actin filaments can assemble at the barbed end and disassemble simultaneously at the pointed end. Prerequisites for this treadmilling reaction are the structural polarity of actin filaments and tight coupling of the actin assembly reaction and the adenosine triphosphate hydrolysis occurring during actin polymerization. In this article, investigations on the actin treadmill are reviewed. PMID- 3899329 TI - The intermediate filament protein desmin in cardiac and skeletal muscle from normal and dystrophic (BIO 14.6) hamsters. AB - Electrophoretic separation on polyacrylamide gels of polypeptides extracted from skeletal and cardiac muscle of BIO 14.6 dystrophic, carrier, and random-bred normal hamsters demonstrates similar quantities and electrophoretic mobility of a protein having a relative mass of 52 000 daltons (apparent isoelectric point 6.2) from all sources examined; we have tentatively identified this protein as the intermediate filament protein desmin. Reaction of such separated polypeptides transferred to nitrocellulose blots with antibodies raised against this protein fails to show immunological differences in this 52 000 dalton protein in cardiac and skeletal muscle from normal and dystrophic animals. Indirect immunofluorescence analysis of skeletal myofibrils from 30-to 60-day normal and dystrophic animals shows no differences in Z-line staining when immunoglobulins from anti-alpha-actinin serum are used as primary antibodies. Immunoglobulins from the putative anti-desmin serum also produce Z-line staining of skeletal myofibrils from normal animals, but fail to bind to the Z-lines of some skeletal myofibrils from dystrophic hamsters. PMID- 3899330 TI - A monoclonal antitroponin-T cross-reacts with smooth muscle and nonmuscle cells. AB - A mouse monoclonal antibody was prepared against chicken skeletal troponin-T. Indirect immunofluorescence microscopy of smooth muscle and nonmuscle cells indicated the presence of a cross-reactive component(s). In contrast to the definitive I-band reactivity in striated muscle, the smooth muscle components from chicken gizzard, lung, and small intestine showed diffuse, cytoplasmic staining. A filamentous pattern which converged on a perinuclear focus was observed in interphase cells (356 fibroblasts). This cross-reaction was determined to be associated with microtubules. To assess the extent of occurrence of the cross-reactive species, representatives of both the fungal and plant kingdoms were examined. In both Dictyostelium discoideum and cells of the onion (Allium) root tip, the antitroponin-T detected cross-reactive components associated with microtubules. Immunoblot experiments conducted to determine the molecular specificity of the antibody showed cross-reaction with only troponin-T in striated muscle preparations. Similar experiments with the antitroponin-T on chicken gizzard smooth muscle indicated reactivity with two bands whose electrophoretic mobilities are within the range reported for striated muscle troponin-T. Our results indicate the presence of a highly conserved troponin-T cross-reactive determinant in all muscle types, as well as nonmuscle cells. They raise the possibility of a troponin-like molecule in smooth muscle and nonmuscle cells which may confer calcium sensitivity in their cellular filament systems. PMID- 3899331 TI - Microtubule mutants. AB - Genetics has become an important tool for studying microtubule structure and function. Mutations in genes that encode microtubule proteins have been isolated in several, evolutionarily diverse organisms. These mutations have been, and will increasingly be, of great value in determining which cellular events are microtubule mediated, in determining which genes encode the microtubule proteins involved in a particular cellular event, and in determining the mechanisms of resistance to anti-microtubule drugs. These mutants also have great potential, which is just beginning to be realized, for identifying proteins other than alpha and beta-tubulin that are essential to microtubule function and for determining the mechanisms of microtubule-based force production in mitosis and organellar movement. PMID- 3899332 TI - Does actin produce the force that moves a chromosome to the pole during anaphase? AB - Chromosomes move towards spindle poles because of force produced by chromosomal spindle fibres. I argue that actin is involved in producing this force. Actin is present in chromosomal spindle fibres, with consistent polarity. Physiological experiments using ultraviolet microbeam irradiations suggest that the force is due to an actin and myosin (or myosin-equivalent) system. Other physiological experiments (using inhibitors in "leaky" cells or antibodies injected into cells) that on the face of it would seem to rule out actin and myosin on closer scrutiny do not really do so at all. I argue that in vivo the "on" ends of chromosomal spindle fibre microtubules are at the kinetochores; I discuss the apparent contradiction between this conclusion and those from experiments on microtubules in vitro. From what we know of treadmilling in microtubules in vitro, the poleward movements of irradiation-induced areas of reduced birefringence (arb) can not be explained as treadmilling of microtubules: additional assumptions need to be made for arb movements toward the pole to be due to treadmilling. If arb movement does indeed represent treadmilling along chromosomal spindle fibre microtubules, treadmilling continues throughout anaphase. Thus I suggest that chromosomal spindle fibres shorten in anaphase not because polymerization is stopped at the kinetochore (the on end), as previously assumed, but rather because there is increased depolymerization at the pole (the "off" end). PMID- 3899333 TI - Evidence that cell surface motility in Allogromia is mediated by cytoplasmic microtubules. AB - We have previously shown that reticulopods of Allogromia sp. (strain NF) and Allogromia laticollaris display rapid, bidirectional saltatory transport of plasma membrane surface markers (i.e., polystyrene microspheres). Correlative video microscopic and electron microscopic methods were used to determine whether cytoskeletal components are involved in this surface transport. Such transport was observed only where the plasma membrane overlay cytoplasmic fibrils, which have been shown to be involved in organelle transport. Ultrastructural analysis indicated that these fibrils contain microtubules and an associated flocculent fibrillar material. In studies with nonionic detergents the surface marker particles remained bound to these microtubule-containing fibrils, even after the plasma membrane had been removed. Surface transport was inhibited when reticulopods were treated with agents that induce microtubule disassembly. Together these observations provide strong evidence that surface motility in Allogromia is mediated by labile cytoplasmic microtubules. PMID- 3899334 TI - Molecular biology of interleukin 2. AB - Study of the lymphokine interleukin 2 (IL2) began with several diverse qualitative observations in the middle 1970s. Rationalization of early work led to a focused program of research involving a number of laboratories. This recently culminated in the molecular description of both murine and human IL2. The glycoprotein, containing about 16 000 daltons of protein, is secreted in response to activators of T helper lymphocytes. A number of complex immune responses is stimulated by pure, recombinant IL2. The induction of IL2 and other lymphokines is apparently specific, in that only a small subset of proteins shows altered expression in the response. Moreover, the immunosuppressive agent cyclosporin A specifically inhibits the induction of mRNA for IL2 and certain other lymphokines, without affecting the expression of the majority of other proteins. Understanding of IL2 and its biological context has recently been enhanced by an intense activity on the part of biotechnology companies. PMID- 3899335 TI - Interrelationships between postpartum events, hormonal therapy, reproductive abnormalities and reproductive performance in dairy cows: a path analysis. AB - Path analysis was used to determine the interrelationships between postpartum administration of gonadotrophin releasing hormone and cloprostenol and the occurrence of reproductive disease and reproductive performance in dairy cows. The data analysed were those collected on 226 Holstein-Friesian cows calving in a commercial dairy herd during a 17 month period (May 1, 1981 to October 1, 1982). Cows administered gonadotrophin releasing hormone at day 15 postpartum experienced an improved rate of uterine involution as determined by rectal palpation nine days later. Although this improved rate of uterine involution reduced the risk of pyometritis, it actually directly delayed conception. Also, gonadotrophin releasing hormone therapy directly resulted in an increased incidence of pyometritis which in turn resulted in an increase incidence of cystic ovarian disease and anestrus. The occurrence of these abnormalities resulted in increased intervals from calving to first observed estrus, first service and conception. In addition to this effect, the administration of gonadotrophin releasing hormone was also associated with increased plasma progesterone concentrations at days 24 and 28 postpartum which delayed conception. Cloprostenol therapy at day 24 postpartum resulted in a decreased plasma progesterone concentration at day 28 postpartum which was directly and indirectly associated with a decrease in the calving to conception interval. The indirect effects were mediated by a reduction in days to first estrus. Cloprostenol therapy also directly resulted in a decreased calving to first observed estrus interval for reasons not attributable to the level of progesterone at day 28. PMID- 3899337 TI - The practical work-up of the uveitis patient. PMID- 3899336 TI - Subacute toxicity of dietary 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol in mice. AB - 3-Acetyldeoxynivalenol was incorporated into a semisynthetic diet at levels of 2.5, 5, 10 or 20 ppm and fed to mice for up to 48 days. Body weights and feed consumption were determined, and blood samples for hematological evaluation were taken. Selected tissues were examined microscopically and the humoral immune response was assessed using the Jerne plaque assay. 3-Acetyldeoxynivalenol caused a dose-related depressed feed consumption within the first seven days and reduced body weight until day 14 when fed at levels up to 10 ppm. When fed at a level of 20 ppm, an initial depression in body weight gain and a general malaise were followed by a return to normal. At necropsy, no macroscopic or microscopic lesions could be found. The immune response was not significantly affected after seven or 14 days, but at 21 days, a dose-dependent enhanced response was observed. The findings indicate that, after an initial period of reduced feed intake, animals are apparently able to overcome the toxic effects of 3 acetyldeoxynivalenol. PMID- 3899338 TI - Development of enteropeptidase activity in mouse small intestine: influence of hormones. AB - The postnatal development of enteropeptidase activity has been examined on mucosal scrapping of the proximal part of the mouse small intestine. The activity was present at birth and remained low during the first 15 days of life. Then it rapidly increased reaching adult level within 2 days. Daily administration of cortisone acetate (25 micrograms X g body weight (bw)-1 X day-1), insulin (12.5 mU X g bw-1 X day-1), or epidermal growth factor (4 micrograms X g bw-1 X day-1) during 3 days to 8-day-old mice induced a premature increase of enteropeptidase. The maximal increase was observed with cortisone treatment, the enzymic activity representing 70% of the adult level. Thyroxine alone (1 microgram X g bw-1 X day 1) had no significant effect on enteropeptidase activity. Hormonal interactions have been evaluated by studying the effects of different hormonal combinations. Finally, cortisone acetate which has a major effect on this activity during suckling period was unable to influence adult small intestinal enteropeptidase activity. PMID- 3899339 TI - Gastrointestinal peptides and the adaptation to extrauterine nutrition. AB - The adaptation to extrauterine nutrition involves complex physiological changes at birth which may be regulated by genetic endowment; enteral nutrients, secretions, and bacteria; and endogenous hormones and exogenous hormones in breast milk. The hypothesis is explored that enteral feeding after birth may trigger key adaptations in the gut and in metabolism partly through the mediation of gastrointestinal hormone secretion. Gut peptides are found in the early human fetal gut and by the second trimester some are found in high concentrations in the fetal circulation and amniotic fluid. Major plasma hormonal surges occur during the neonatal period in term and preterm infants: notably in enteroglucagon, gastrin, motilin, neurotensin, gastrointestinal peptide, and pancreatic polypeptide. These events do not occur in neonates deprived of enteral feeding. A progressive development of dynamic gut hormonal responses to feeding is observed. The pattern of gut endocrine changes after birth is influenced by the type and route of feeding. Potential pathophysiological effects of depriving high risk neonates of enteral feeding are considered. It is speculated that infants committed to prolonged total parenteral nutrition from birth may benefit from the biological effects of intraluminal nutrients used in subnutritional quantities. PMID- 3899340 TI - Weaning and metabolic regulation in the rat. AB - Premature weaning of rats to high carbohydrate diets causes a variety of short- and long-term changes in lipid metabolism, but the mechanisms involved are unclear. It is likely that interaction of diet with certain emerging hormonal control patterns during weaning might condition metabolic control and (or) subsequent adaptations in the adult organism. This implies that the adaptive responses of infant animals to diet may differ from those of the mature organism. For example, premature weaning leads to early appearance of rat liver malic enzyme (ME), even when fat supplies as much as 65% of the dietary energy; the same diet suppresses ME activity in 45-day-old rats. The levels of plasma glucagon and thyroid hormones are elevated during the weaning period. Several studies have shown that triiodothyronine evokes hepatic ME in suckling rats. Conversely, glucagon infusion into prematurely weaned rats suppresses the early appearance of the enzyme. Premature weaning, regardless of fat intake, leads to a rapid decline in plasma glucagon levels. Since glucagon is known to antagonize the actions of triiodothyronine on liver ME, the interaction of diet with glucagon and thyroid hormones is conceivably part of the mechanism responsible for the early appearance of hepatic malic enzyme, whereby the decline of plasma glucagon permits triiodothyronine to act on liver ME. Insulin probably exerts a permissive action subsequently. The manner in which these events relate to the long-term consequences of premature weaning is unknown. PMID- 3899341 TI - The role of diet during development on the regulation of adult cholesterol homeostasis. AB - Atherosclerosis is believed to begin early in life and to develop over several decades. Elevated plasma cholesterol is a major contributing factor. Studies in animals have shown that manipulation of cholesterol metabolism during its development in pre- and early post-natal life can permanently alter cholesterol synthesis and catabolism to favour lower plasma cholesterol levels in the adult faced with a high dietary cholesterol intake. Although the mechanisms and pathways involved are likely to be different, "metabolic training" can occur as a result of both the diet fed to the mother during gestation and lactation and from the diet fed to the animal itself in early life. The presence of cholesterol itself in the suckling diet does not appear to confer any lasting improvement to cholesterol handling in either man or animals. Although much research is still required to define the time in development for effective training of specific steps in cholesterol metabolism and the primary site and mechanism of permanently altered metabolism, significant progress has been made. These studies will form the basis of this review. PMID- 3899342 TI - Energy intake and the nature of growth in low birth weight infants. AB - Growth is accompanied by and depends on energy storage in growing tissue. The rate of energy storage in growing low birth weight infants depends on the rate of energy intake and on the rates of energy excretion and expenditure, both of which (on a body weight basis) are much higher than in adults, and both of which increase with increments of gross energy intake. Energy-balance studies of growing low birth weight infants on gross energy intakes approximating 500 kJ X kg-1 X d-1 of mothers' milk or of infant formula indicate that the composition of extrauterine weight gain of the low birth weight infant differs from that of the fetus of similar gestation, in that the energy storage cost of growth is much higher. Attempts to increase metabolizable energy intake beyond 500 kJ X kg-1 X d 1 by energy supplementation alone do not result in proportionately increased rates of weight gain; low birth weight formulae, in which energy, protein, and mineral contents are all increased can result in large weight gains with proportionate increases in rates of protein and fat accretion. PMID- 3899344 TI - MRC is buying stock in the future. PMID- 3899343 TI - Role of carnitine during development. AB - Fatty acids are an important fuel source for neonates. The utilization of long chain fatty acids as a fuel source is dependent upon adequate concentrations of carnitine. Carnitine also has functions in other physiological processes critical to the survival of the neonate such as lipolysis, thermogenesis, ketogenesis, and possibly regulation of certain aspects of nitrogen metabolism. Plasma and tissue carnitine concentrations in neonates are depressed compared with those of older individuals. The capability for carnitine biosynthesis is much less in the neonate than in the adult. Human milk contains carnitine and appears to be the major source of carnitine to meet the neonate's metabolic needs. However, total parenteral nutrition solutions and soy-based infant formulas contain no carnitine. Evidence is accumulating that all infant diets may need to supply carnitine to meet the neonate's metabolic needs. PMID- 3899345 TI - US Medicare facing a difficult future. PMID- 3899346 TI - Treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia in advanced stages. A randomized trial comparing chlorambucil plus prednisone versus cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone. AB - Ninety-six patients with advanced chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) (Stage C; anemia and/or thrombocytopenia of nonimmune origin) were randomized to receive either chlorambucil (CLR) (0.4 mg/kg orally, day 6) plus prednisone (PDN) (60 mg/m2 orally, days 1-5) every 2 weeks or cyclophosphamide (600 mg/m2 intravenously, day 6), vincristine (1 mg/m2 intravenously, day 6) and prednisone (60 mg/m2 orally, days 1-5) (COP) each month for 5 months. Complete remission (CR) was defined as the total disappearance of signs and symptoms related to the disease. Partial remission (PR) was considered to be achieved when, after treatment, the clinical stage changed to a less advanced one. Thirty (59%) responses (8% CR) with CLR plus PDN and 14 (31%, 2% CR) with COP were observed (P less than 0.01). The survival was not significantly different for the two groups. Patients previously treated had a lower number of responses (11/35, 31%) than those with no previous treatment (33/61, 54%) (P less than 0.05). Patients who attained a CR or a good PR had longer survivals (median not reached) than those with a poor PR (median, 25.2 months) or those who did not respond to treatment (median, 11.5 months) (P less than 0.005). PMID- 3899347 TI - Aggressive adriamycin-containing regimen (PM-FAC) in estrogen receptor-negative disseminated breast cancer. Results of a Southwest Oncology Group trial. AB - Sixty-four patients with disseminated breast cancer were treated with an aggressive chemotherapy program of prednisone, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil, Adriamycin (doxorubicin) and cyclophosphamide (PM-FAC). A response rate of 76% was seen in 44 estrogen receptor (ER) negative patients, with 26% achieving complete responses. Forty-two percent of 20 ER positive and unknown patients demonstrated a response, but in none was a complete response achieved. Median response duration was 9 months for complete responders and 5 months for partial responders. The median survival for both groups of patients was 13 months. However, survival among the responding patients was inferior for the ER negative group (median, 14 versus 20 months; P = 0.05). These findings suggest selective sensitivity of ER negative breast cancer to Adriamycin-containing chemotherapy. Despite aggressive chemotherapy, no durable remissions were achieved. Relapse occurred at sites of known prior involvement, and in the central nervous system de novo, especially in the ER negative patients. PMID- 3899348 TI - Osteogenic and sarcomatoid differentiation of a renal cell carcinoma. AB - Sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma is an uncommon renal tumor, and osteogenic differentiation has been reported in only a few of these tumors. The authors report such a case with radiographic, light microscopic, and electron microscopic findings, which demonstrate that the sarcomatoid areas of the tumor are derived from the malignant epithelial cells, retaining epithelial features such as desmosomes and lumina with microvilli. The use of electron microscopy is important in the establishment of this diagnosis. PMID- 3899349 TI - Heterogeneity of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Phenotypic and ultrastructural characterization of four unusual cases. AB - This study characterized, by means of immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy, four cases of "unusual" cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) other than classical mycosis fungoids and Sezary syndrome. Cases 1, 2, and 4 were diffuse lymphoma of a pleomorphic type, and Case 3 was of a mixed type. Case 4 shared a feature common to pagetoid reticulosis. A fairly large number of inflammatory cells were seen in Cases 1, 3, and 4. Functionally, the neoplastic cells of Cases 1, 3, and 4 were of a helper/inducer T-cell subset, whereas those of Case 2 were of a suppressor/cytotoxic T-cell type. Epidermotropic cells with pagetoid growth in Case 4 failed to show these specific surface phenotypes, although they still retained pan T-cell markers. Neoplastic large or intermediate-sized cells revealed a marked difference in the development of cytoplasmic organelles and their nuclear profiles, ranging from a few simple indentations (Cases 2 and 3) to forms with many deep indentations (Case 1) and highly cleaved shapes (Case 4). All of these cells, however, possessed dense-cored granules located in a portion of the cytoplasm. This study indicated the clinicopathologic and immunologic heterogeneity of CTCL, which may be classified, according to the reactivity with monoclonal antibodies and the fine structural features, into subtypes that correspond to functionally distinct subsets of T-cells and their stages or types of differentiation. PMID- 3899351 TI - Central nervous system infections in patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). PMID- 3899350 TI - A 3-dimensional tumor growth inhibition assay for testing monoclonal antibody cytotoxicity. AB - A 3-dimensional tumor growth inhibition assay [18] has been adapted to test the cytotoxic activity of a panel of monoclonal antibodies directed to various antigenic determinants on the surface of mouse mammary tumor cells. Target cells can be prepared from either cultured cells or from pieces of fresh tumor. Antibody and complement are added when cells are growing actively and cell growth can be measured, non destructively, over a 7-10-day period. Effective diffusion of antibody through collagen gel and binding to target cells embedded in the gel is demonstrated by indirect immunofluorescent staining. The specificity of monoclonal antibody AMT 101 cytotoxicity for mouse mammary tumor cells is the same in trypan blue exclusion assays of single-cell suspensions as in collagen gel assays, with complete killing seen in the collagen gel assay only. The collagen gel assay allows the testing of repeated treatments in vitro, as well as combined treatment with multiple antibodies. It also allows cell-cell interaction and preserves all cell components in the tumor. The collagen gel assay has potential as a method of predicting the outcome of monoclonal antibody treatment of solid tumors. PMID- 3899352 TI - Pergolide therapy in Parkinson's disease: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. AB - A double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted of pergolide as an adjunctive treatment to levodopa in 17 patients with advanced Parkinson's disease. There was a significant improvement (p less than 0.05) in total disability score, in gait, and in "wearing off" and "on-off" phenomena. Pergolide is a useful drug in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease. PMID- 3899353 TI - Caerulein treatment of Parkinson's disease. AB - In view of evidence linking cholecystokinin-containing neurons with both dopamine system function and Parkinson's disease pathophysiology, the therapeutic effects of the cholecystokinin analog, caerulein, were evaluated in 10 parkinsonian patients stabilized on L-Dopa therapy. Despite substantially elevated plasma caerulein levels immediately following intramuscular injection of this peptide, no consistent change in neurologic status could be discerned. These negative results may be due to the relatively small amounts of caerulein entering the CNS at dose levels that do not induce gastrointestinal toxicity. PMID- 3899354 TI - Measuring quality of life: risks and benefits. AB - Quality of life research is an emerging science of particular relevance to clinical cancer research. The development and utilization of valid and reliable quality of life measures as outcome parameters may profoundly alter the clinical trials process. Such measures, contrary to prevailing opinion, may be as accurate and precise as conventional measures, but considerably more relevant to the trials process. However, lack of rigor in the evaluation of such indices and uncritical interpretation of results may seriously compromise the credibility of the concept. This overview of the current status of quality of life research is designed to provide a perspective from which to evaluate ongoing development. PMID- 3899356 TI - Assessment of biological responses: what to measure and when. AB - During the past several years, increasing attention has been devoted to the use of biological response modifiers (BRMs) for the treatment of cancer. Phase I trials of BRMs must be designed to provide information not only regarding toxic effects, pharmacokinetics, and antitumor activities, but also on the many immunomodulatory effects. Biological monitoring must be carefully planned to enable meaningful conclusions to be drawn as to the optimal dose, schedule, and route of administration. Important considerations include selection of assays for the various biological effects, timing of testing following BRM administration, and methods for data interpretations. PMID- 3899355 TI - Analysis and interpretation of the comparison of survival by treatment outcome variables in cancer clinical trials. PMID- 3899357 TI - Ante-and postnatal evaluation of the Dandy-Walker syndrome. AB - In three cases an antenatal diagnosis of isolated Dandy-Walker cyst was made at 22-28 weeks of gestation by ultrasound examination. Biparietal growth and the relative severity of the anomaly remained constant, so that all cases could be safely delivered at term. Postnatally, the diagnosis was confirmed during the first days of life by ultrasound and computed tomography (CT). Early neonatal shunting procedures were performed. Dual shunts were inserted in all three cases, and mental and physical development were observed to be normal during a follow-up of from 1.5 to 4.5 years. Early antenatal diagnosis of Dandy-Walker cyst may improve the prognosis and reduce the mortality, which has been reported to be 30% 48%. Dual shunting of both the cyst in the posterior fossa and the lateral ventricles has proved to be a safe and reliable method during the neonatal period. PMID- 3899358 TI - Myocardial metabolic and morphometric changes during canine endotoxin shock before and after glucose-insulin-potassium. AB - Glucose-insulin-potassium (GIK) improves myocardial function during endotoxin shock but the mechanism of this action is not clear. We have studied in open chest dogs the effects of GIK (n = 9) on haemodynamics, myocardial biochemistry (repeated drill biopsies; glucose-6-phosphate, G-6-P; fructose-6-phosphate, F-6 P; adenosine triphosphate, ATP; creatinine phosphate, CP; glycogen) and myocardial histomorphometry. The animals were anaesthetised (etomidate 4 mg X kg 1 X h-1) and artificially ventilated (N2O:O2 = 2:1). After endotoxin (1.5 mg X kg 1) cardiac output (CO) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) fell rapidly, with a temporary recovery followed by gradual circulatory collapse. Coronary blood flow (cbf; radioactive microspheres) decreased, but this was not significant. G-6-P tended to fall, as did ATP levels while CP levels were unaltered. Histomorphometrical analysis showed myocardial cell swelling with compression of capillaries and decreased interstitial volume. GIK infusion (50% glucose, 2 g X kg-1bw, 8 mmol KCl and 3 U insulin kg-1bw) increased CO and coronary blood flow. Glycogen and G-6-P levels did not change, while F-6-P tended to increase. ATP levels were not influenced by ATP/CP ratio decreased. Myocardial cell swelling markedly decreased; average capillary cross-sectional area, as an index of capillary compression, returned to control value. In two dogs, which died before the end of the experiment, myocardial oedema, with disturbed capillary volume and reduced interstitial volume was unaltered after GIK. The initial effects of GIK are most likely due to restoration of myocardial perfusion. Improved perfusion, and the influence of elevated serum osmolality and insulin levels on excitation contraction coupling may help to improve myocardial function. PMID- 3899359 TI - Characterisation of aorto-iliac arterial stenoses in terms of pressure and flow. AB - Aorto-iliac stenoses were characterised in terms of pressure drop and flow velocity in a canine model and in patients with occlusive arterial disease. Pressure above and below the stenosis was measured intra-arterially and flow related measurements were made at rest and during reactive hyperaemia in the dog, and following papaverine administration in patients. The addition of flow velocity information to the pressure drop across a stenosis gave an increased separation of stenoses in the experimental animal and also in man. PMID- 3899360 TI - [Tissue proteinases and their inhibitors]. PMID- 3899361 TI - [Stress and the excretion of catecholamines in patients after kidney transplantation]. PMID- 3899362 TI - [Carboplatin--a new platinum cytostatic]. PMID- 3899363 TI - [Jedrzej Sniadecki and the treatment of rickets]. PMID- 3899364 TI - On the origin and distribution of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-, peptide HI , and cholecystokinin-like-immunoreactive nerve fibers in the rat iris. AB - The presence and distribution of nerve fibers expressing immunoreactivity to the neuropeptides vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, peptide HI and cholecystokinin was examined in stretch-prepared rat iris whole mounts. By use of antiserum to vasoactive intestinal polypeptide an irregular, relatively sparse network of varicose, intensely fluorescent fibers was observed innervating both the dilator plate and the sphincter area. Positive fibers were present also in the ciliary body and the choroid membrane. Surprisingly, a large variation in the amount of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-positive nerves was seen among irides. Furthermore, an uneven distribution of fluorescent nerve fibers was observed within individual irides. Thus, some areas had a relatively dense innervation, whereas others were devoid of immunoreactive nerve fibers. A similar fiber system was detected using antiserum to peptide HI. In all probability, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and peptide HI coexist within the same nerve population. A denser and more regular network of cholecystokinin-positive fibers was found in normal rat irides. Such fibers were also present in the sphincter area and in high density in the choroid membrane. Neither extirpation of the superior cervical nor the ciliary ganglion caused any detectable decrease in amount of either vasoactive intestinal polypeptide/peptide HI- or cholecystokinin-positive fibers. However, capsaicin, which in the iris causes permanent disappearance of substance-P fibers, had a similar effect on cholecystokinin-positive fibers, whereas no effect was noted on the vasoactive intestinal polypeptide/peptide HI fiber network.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3899365 TI - Secretory granules of prolactin cells of neonatally thyroidectomized female rats. AB - In the anterior pituitary glands of neonatally thyroidectomized female rats sacrificed at 30 days of age, the prolactin granules were small and spherical in shape. The administration of thyroxine to neonatally thyroidectomized rats produced an obvious increase in the number and size of secretory granules in prolactin cells; comparatively large, pleomorphic secretory granules were frequently observed in these cells. These enlarged and pleomorphic granules closely resembled those observed in the prolactin cells of sham-operated control rats. These results may indicate that thyroxine stimulates the basic metabolism or cellular function of prolactin cells of neonatally thyroidectomized rats and leads to the formation of prolactin granules that are similar to those of sham operated control rats. PMID- 3899366 TI - Thyroid follicles with acid mucins in man: a second kind of follicles? AB - Human thyroid follicles containing acid mucins have been regarded as a very rare finding and their significance has not yet been clarified. Therefore, a systematic anatomical, histochemical and immunohistochemical survey for the presence of such follicles in human thyroids was undertaken. Follicles with Alcian blue-positive acid mucins were practically confined to the 18% of sections that also contained ultimobranchial solid cell nests. Immunohistochemistry revealed that these follicles were mostly composed of and/or related to the presence of numerous calcitonin-immunoreactive cells, sometimes intermixed with occasional alcianophilic mucinous cells. These findings, with histometrical studies, demonstrate that there exists a relationship between mucinous C cell complexes and mucin/C cell-containing solid cell nests. The finding of calcitonin immunoreactivity in very occasional groups of cells with mucinous changes further suggests that at least some human follicular cells originate in ultimobranchial tissue. PMID- 3899367 TI - Effects of brain and mesenchyme upon the cytogenesis of rat adenohypophysis in vitro. II. Differentiation of LH cells. AB - The objective of this in-vitro study was to examine whether the diencephalic floor or the mesenchyme is involved in differentiation of LH cells in the developing rat adenohypophysis. Overall growth of the adenohypophysial tissue was retarded when the adenohypophysial primordium was cultivated after enzymatic removal of the diencephalic floor on days 11.5 and 12.5 of gestation. This malgrowth was more marked when the brain was separated on day 11.5; most explants retained a simple cystiform structure that consisted of a few layers of undifferentiated cells. Removal of the brain also caused a highly significant decrease (P less than 0.001) in the number of immunoreactive LH cells, if it was performed on day 11.5 but not day 12.5. Mesenchyme had little effect on the adenohypophysial growth or the number of immunopositive cells. Cultivation of the adenohypophysial primordium with the diencephalic floor resulted in the appearance of many immunoreactive LH cells. The number of LH cells significantly decreased, however, when the co-cultivated brain completely surrounded the adenohypophysial tissue. These results indicate that in 11.5-day-old fetal rats the diencephalic floor is indispensable for the initial proliferation of adenohypophysial primordial cells and for the early determinating process of LH cells. Once determined, the development of LH cells may proceed without the surrounding tissues. The cytodifferentiation seems to be rather inhibited when in contact with the brain. The significance of the intimate spatial relationship between developing LH cells and the surrounding mesenchyme is also discussed. PMID- 3899368 TI - Clinical trial of nimodipine for single attacks of classic migraine. AB - In a randomized, double-blind cross-over study, 43 patients with classic migraine received 40 mg Nimodipine and placebo as sublingual capsules. There was no significant effect on patients' preference, development of headache, need for escape medicine, duration of headache, severity of headache or headache index. Considerable methodological problems were encountered. Only 54% of the 79 patients selected for the trial could be evaluated. Suggestions for future trials are made. PMID- 3899369 TI - Acupuncture treatment of chronic tension headache--a controlled cross-over trial. AB - In a controlled trial the effect of traditional Chinese acupuncture v. placebo acupuncture was evaluated in 18 patients with chronic tension headache (mean disease duration 15 years). All patients suffered from daily or frequently recurring headache, the intensity of which was recorded by the patient over a period of 15 weeks. Each patient was treated by traditional Chinese acupuncture as well as by placebo acupuncture in a cross-over design following randomization. Each period of treatment comprised six treatments. Traditional Chinese acupuncture was found to be significantly more pain-relieving than placebo acupuncture, according to the pain registration of the patients themselves. The pain reduction was 31%. Acupuncture is therefore found to be a reasonable treatment for chronic tension headache. PMID- 3899370 TI - Metoprolol v. clonidine in the prophylactic treatment of migraine. AB - In a double-blind, cross-over trial, the migraine prophylactic effect of the beta 1-adrenoceptor antagonist metoprolol was compared with that of clonidine. The dosage of metoprolol was 50 mg b.i.d. and of clonidine 50 micrograms b.i.d. Thirty-one patients were included; twenty-three completed the entire study. Six patients withdrew during clonidine treatment, one during metoprolol treatment and one during the wash-out period (placebo). Metoprolol had a significantly better migraine prophylactic effect than clonidine regarding such parameters as the attack frequency, the number of migraine days and the sum of intensity score. Compared to baseline (placebo), metoprolol decreased these parameters, while clonidine did not. Metoprolol, but not clonidine, also reduced the acute consumption of analgesics. No differences were found as regards side effects. PMID- 3899371 TI - Coronary thrombolysis with urokinase infusion in acute myocardial infarction: multicenter study in Japan. AB - The efficacy of intracoronary administration of urokinase was evaluated in 514 patients with acute myocardial infarction (anterior, 296 patients; inferior, 195; lateral or posterior, 18; and anterior and inferior, five). The time between onset of chest pain and coronary arteriography was 0.5 to 81.0 hr with an average of 5.0 hr. Initial administration of nitrates resulted in recanalization of the coronaries in 9.3%. Subsequently, urokinase was infused into the coronary arteries, and coronary thrombolysis was successfully achieved in 66.8%. The success rate was low in a group with average infusion speed of more than 30,000 units/min or with a total dose of urokinase of 480,000 units or less. Complications, mainly arrhythmias, were present in 111 patients (33.2%) of the 334 who had successful thrombolysis and in 18 patients (10.8%) of the 166 with unsuccessful thrombolysis, but serious hemorrhage was rare and no fatal case was reported. Patients who had successful thrombolysis had less in-hospital mortality than those who did not (6.3 vs 13.3%). Thus, coronary thrombolysis can be achieved effectively and relatively safely with a sufficient amount of intracoronary urokinase administration in acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 3899372 TI - Quantitative assessment of left ventricular function after myocardial infarction using the minnesota Q-QS codes for resting electrocardiograms. AB - The electrocardiogram as a quantitative predictor of left ventricular systolic function was investigated in subjects with one myocardial infarction. The first 509 consecutive subjects to enter the Program of Surgical Control of Hyperlipidemia were studied by selective left ventriculography. Electrocardiograms taken during a prior hospitalization of the subjects for acute myocardial infarction were classified according to the Minnesota Q-QS codes. This study showed that the lower (ie, the more significant) Q-QS codes were highly correlated with reduced left ventricular function as measured both by a lower ejection fraction and by a greater number of left ventricular segments showing abnormal systolic motion. In addition, the location of segmental wall motion abnormalities correlated with the electrocardiographic site of the Q-QS code. PMID- 3899373 TI - The differentiation of L5/A10 myoblast cell line (a subclone of L5 line) is controlled by changes of culture conditions. AB - We report here that it is possible to induce differentiation in a subline of L5 myoblast line (L5/A10) by manipulating the culture media. When L5/A10 myoblast are cultured in F14 supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum the cells grow with a division time of 12 h and reach confluency at a cell density of approximately 2.4 X 10(5) cells per cm2, without undergoing differentiation, characterized, morphologically, by formation of multinucleated fibers, and biochemically, by the synthesis of muscle specific proteins such as creatine phosphokinase or myokinase. However, cells, grown in F14 + 10% fetal calf serum, will undergo regular differentiation after a limited number of division when transferred to F14 medium supplemented with limiting concentrations (1-2%) of fetal calf serum. Investigations of the biochemistry of myoblast differentiation in cell culture will be facilitated by the availability of a cell line that can undergo differentiation under controlled conditions. PMID- 3899374 TI - Identification of L-cell growth stimulating antibody as anti-actin. AB - Anti-L-cell antisera having potent cell growth stimulatory properties were shown by Western blotting to have predominant specificity toward a protein with a molecular weight of 42K which we identified as actin. Extractions of L cells, based upon the known insolubility of cytoskeletal proteins (including actin) in Triton X-100 and the solubility of actin in low ionic strength Ca2+ and ATP containing buffer, led to actin-enriched preparations that retained immunoreactivity with the anti-L-cell antisera. The 42-kDa antigen binds to deoxyribonuclease I, has a pI = 5.2-5.4, and has an amino acid composition, including the presence of 3-methylhistidine, compatible with compositions determined for actins from other sources. Rabbit antiserum specific for this 42 kDa protein, isolated by SDS-PAGE, reproduced the cell growth stimulation by the anti-L-cell antisera and absorption of the antiserum with purified L-cell actin eliminated this stimulation. Moreover, these antibodies bind to the microfilaments of 3T3 fibroblasts. When purified actins were used as soluble antigen inhibitors of the immune reactivity of antiserum to 42-kDa protein with intact L cells, rabbit thymus actin competed with the surface molecules on L cells and reduced the stimulatory effect of the antiserum by 80% at an actin concentration of 150 micrograms/ml. Chicken muscle actin reduced the antibody stimulation effect by only 24% at the same protein concentration, and mouse muscle actin was ineffective as an inhibitor. The F(ab')2 fraction of anti-42K IgG was effective in stimulating L cells, thus documenting the immune nature of the actin-anti-42K interaction. We conclude that anti-actin antibodies, upon binding to actin-like cell surface determinants on L cells, stimulate cellular metabolism. PMID- 3899375 TI - Relationship between immune system and gram-negative bacteria: monocyte chemotaxis induced by supernatants from human peripheral blood OKT8+ lymphocytes stimulated with smooth and rough Salmonella strains. AB - It has been recently reported that smooth (S) Salmonella typhimurium LT-2 and rough (R) mutants, S. minnesota R345 (Rb) and R595 (Re), spontaneously adhere to human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). The binding is confined to T cells and is mediated by the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) moiety of the bacteria outer membrane. In this study, we have investigated the monocyte chemotactic responsiveness induced by supernatants recovered from human PBMC stimulated with either S or R Salmonella strains. All supernatants were able to trigger monocyte chemotaxis, even if to a different degree according to the bacterial strain used. These data were further supported by experiments which showed that stimulation of PBMC by purified homologous LPS led to the release of a chemotactic lymphokine (CLK) for human monocytes. Moreover, this CLK seems to be released by T cells, and in particular OKT8+ cells, since OKT8- PBMC failed to produce CLK. PMID- 3899376 TI - Immunogold labeling of organelles in the bioluminescent dinoflagellate Gonyaulax polyedra with anti-luciferase antibody. AB - A polyclonal antibody directed against the luciferase of the luminous dinoflagellate Gonyaulax polyedra labels both dense vesicles and trichocyst sheaths, as visualized in the electron microscope after treatment of antibody reacted sections with an immunogold probe. Because of their similar size, shape and localization, the dense vesicles seen with the electron microscope are postulated to correspond to autofluorescent particles seen with the fluorescent microscope, which are known to be the origin of bioluminescent flashes in this alga. The explanation for the trichocyst sheath-specific labeling is less evident. The possibility that a second antibody of different specificity is involved has not been excluded but seems unlikely. Alternatively, it could be due to a different but antigenically cross-reacting protein. But the possibility that luciferase itself occurs in two different organelles is intriguing and consistent with previous biochemical studies of cell extracts. PMID- 3899377 TI - [Czechoslovak gynecologic-obstetrical literature published in 1981 in other than Ceskoslovenska Gynekologie]. PMID- 3899378 TI - [Physiology of the renal interstitium]. PMID- 3899379 TI - [2 types of effects of convulsants on the embryonic CNS]. PMID- 3899380 TI - [Ontogenic aspects of myocardial contractibility]. PMID- 3899381 TI - [Our experience up to this time with computer tomography in intra-ocular diseases. Comparison with ultrasonic diagnosis]. PMID- 3899382 TI - [Modern possibilities in the diagnosis of foreign bodies in ophthalmology]. PMID- 3899383 TI - [Sonographic study of the gallbladder and bile ducts]. PMID- 3899384 TI - Affinity chromatography of neutral metalloendopeptidase produced by Streptomyces mauvecolor on N-benzyloxycarbonylglycyl-D-leucylaminohexyl-Sepharose. PMID- 3899385 TI - Effects of methanol and magnesium chloride on the induction of respiration deficient mutants in yeast by metal ions. PMID- 3899386 TI - Osmotic-sensitive mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae as screening organisms for promutagens and procarcinogens. PMID- 3899387 TI - New fluorogenic substrates for subtilisin. PMID- 3899388 TI - [A new case of non-secreting adrenocortical tumor in a child]. AB - Adrenocortical tumors are very rare, especially in their non secretory form. A 15 years old boy was hospitalized for evolutive fever since 6 weeks associated with asthenia and abdominal pain. Infections hematological, neurological and system diseases were eliminated. Abdominal ultrasonography reveal a poly-lobular mass adherent to the spleen and the posterior wall of the stomach. This is confirmed by fibroscopy and barium swallow. Abdominal scanner and scintigraphy did not give any new etiological argument. X Ray thorax is normal. Laparotomy reveals a retro gastric mass adherent by its superior extremity to the spleen. A complete excision is done. The pathological examination shows all the histologic features of adrenocortical carcinoma. Its extension to the spleen grade this tumour with a height malignancy. No chemotherapy was undertaken, only a clinical, ultrasound and radiography observation with a follow up of 13 months. PMID- 3899389 TI - [Hepatectomy in children using the trans-parenchymatous compressing suture as a hemostatic procedure]. AB - Intraoperative hemorrhage during hepatic veins approach or during liver parenchyma transsection is the major risk of liver resection for children. We report a technique for hepatic resection based upon facility of safe ligation or clamping of vessels and ductules on a bloodless cut surface during transsection. This technique limits risk of extensive hemorrhage or damage to residual parenchyma, without heavy procedures of anatomical resections. Particularities of liver tissues and capsula of children are used. Perfect hemostasis of the cut edge is obtained by mattress sutures on Silastic * straps performed after clamping with specially designed liver clamps. The 3 main interests of this clamping are detailed. 21 liver resections were performed on children ranging in age from 9 months to 11 years. There was one intra-operative death and one within 30 days. Total blood loss during procedure was about 1/3 blood mass. PMID- 3899391 TI - Spina bifida: a descriptive research study. PMID- 3899390 TI - Established leukemia cell lines: their role in the understanding and control of leukemia proliferation. AB - For investigation of mechanisms of leukemogenesis and control of proliferation of leukemia cells, various preleukemic hematopoietic progenitor cell lines and leukemia cell lines have been established. The role of these established cell lines in understanding leukemogenesis and control of leukemia cell proliferation is described. The results of studies on biological characteristics of numerous human leukemia-lymphoma cell lines suggest that the heterogeneity in various markers of the cell lines reflects different patterns of normal hematopoietic cell differentiation. Then, recent studies on the control of proliferation of leukemia cells by induction of terminal differentiation with the use of established leukemia cell lines both in vitro and in vivo are described. Therapeutic significance of the results obtained with these leukemia cell lines is also discussed. PMID- 3899392 TI - Nursing is the concern of all citizens (Sr. Henrietta Stockdale). PMID- 3899393 TI - Bone marrow purging from malignant cells. PMID- 3899395 TI - In vitro response of Plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine in the Nandi district, Kenya. AB - Thirty-six isolates of Plasmodium falciparum from Nandi district, Kenya, which were tested for their sensitivity to chloroquine using the WHO in vitro macrotechnique, yielded a total of 29 successful tests, one of which showed overt resistance with schizont maturation at chloroquine levels of > 1.5 x 10(-6) mol/l. The majority of isolates showed reduced sensitivity to chloroquine, and the EC(99) was 1.7218 x 10(-6) mol/l. These findings are indicative of widespread in vitro resistance of a low degree which may remain largely unnoticed in immune individuals. However, in nonimmune subjects one may expect also in vivo resistance because the parasites will not be completely cleared after a normally curative dose of chloroquine. PMID- 3899394 TI - Development of an in vitro microtest for determining the susceptibility of Plasmodium falciparum to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine: laboratory investigations and field studies in Port-au-Prince, Haiti. AB - An in vitro microtest for assessing the susceptibility of Plasmodium falciparum to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (S-P) was developed following WHO guidelines. Paraaminobenzoic acid and folic acid were depleted in the culture medium used, the test wells were predosed with sulfadoxine and pyrimethamine at a constant ratio of 80:1, and the parasites were incubated for 48 hours. Optimum parasite multiplication was obtained with a 2% erythrocyte suspension in medium supplemented with 12% serum. During in vitro studies with laboratory-adapted isolates, response patterns were obtained which distinguished 3 isolates with documented in vivo sensitivity to S-P from 2 isolates with documented in vivo resistance to S-P. In addition, among the three S-P-sensitive isolates, one isolate that was pyrimethamine-resistant in vitro had a higher S-P inhibitory endpoint than 2 isolates that were pyrimethamine-sensitive in vitro. The S-P microtest was further evaluated in combined in vivo and in vitro studies in Port au-Prince, Haiti. Twenty-six patients infected with P. falciparum were treated with standard doses of S-P, resulting in prompt clearance of parasitaemia, with no recurrence in the 24 patients who completed a 28-day follow-up period. Parallel in vitro tests with pyrimethamine alone showed 3 pyrimethamine-resistant isolates out of 22 successful tests on the patients' blood samples. In 23 successful S-P tests, the known in vivo S-P-sensitive parasites were inhibited at S-P concentrations that were generally lower for in vitro pyrimethamine-sensitive isolates than for in vitro pyrimethamine-resistant ones. PMID- 3899396 TI - In vitro susceptibility of Plasmodium falciparum collected from pyrimethamine sulfadoxine sensitive and resistant areas in Thailand. AB - Seventy Plasmodium falciparum isolates, collected from two geographically separate areas of Thailand, were tested for their in vitro responses to pyrimethamine, sulfadoxine, and a combination of these two drugs. The effects of pyrimethamine and pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine combinations against P. falciparum isolates were found to be significantly greater in a northern area where the combined drug was an effective therapeutic agent than in a south-eastern area, near the Thai-Kampuchean border, where the combined drug was no longer effective. However, the actions of sulfadoxine against parasites obtained from the two areas were not significantly different. There was no significant difference between the mean values of plasma 4-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) in falciparum malaria patients and in healthy controls. The test for PABA determinations used in this study gave positive readings with both PABA and sulfadoxine. PMID- 3899397 TI - An open, randomized, phase III clinical trial of mefloquine and of quinine plus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine in the treatment of symptomatic falciparum malaria in Brazil. AB - The clinical and parasitological response of adult male patients to mefloquine and to a combination of quinine and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine during the treatment of falciparum malaria was compared. These patients were from an area in Brazil where Plasmodium falciparum is showing increasing resistance to quinine and to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine. The drugs were administered to 100 patients (50 in each group), based on a randomized study design.The rates of clearance of parasitaemia and fever were similar in both groups. However, the parasitological cure rate ("S" response) was 100% for mefloquine but only 92% for quinine plus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine. Tolerance was good in both groups. The main side effects (nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and dizziness) were mild, transient and required no specific treatment. Nausea and vomiting were more frequent in patients who received quinine plus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, while abdominal pain and loose stools or mild diarrhoea were more frequent in the mefloquine group. Tinnitus and hearing difficulty were observed following the administration of quinine plus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, but not after mefloquine treatment. Laboratory tests of various haematological and biochemical parameters were not adversely affected in either group after drug administration.It can be concluded that mefloquine, given in a single oral dose of 1000 mg, is highly effective, well tolerated, and safe for the treatment of falciparum malaria in adult males in Brazil. PMID- 3899398 TI - A phase I clinical trial of Fansimef (mefloquine plus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine) in Brazilian male subjects. AB - A double-blind, randomized phase I clinical trial was carried out to compare Fansimef (a fixed-dose combination of mefloquine, sulfadoxine, and pyrimethamine) with sulfadoxine and pyrimethamine (Fansidar) for safety and tolerance. Twenty adult male Brazilian subjects from malaria endemic areas were studied for a period of 66 days, which included 2 days before and 63 days after drug administration.Both drugs were well tolerated and safe, as seen from the absence of drug-induced changes in the various laboratory, haematological, and biochemical parameters measured. Fansimef produced a complete clearance of parasites on day 3, with an "S" type response in one subject who had blood smears which were positive for Plasmodium falciparum on day 0. Two subjects in the sufladoxine-pyrimethamine group also had P. falciparum infections on day 0; the parasitaemia was cleared on day 2 in one of these subjects and on day 3 in the other, but an early RI response (recrudescence) was observed in the former case. Relapses due to P. vivax occurred in both groups.Side-effects due to Fansimef included mild dizziness, nausea, and vomiting. The incidence of dizziness and nausea was similar in the sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine group. In both groups, these side-effects were mild, short-lived and did not require specific treatment. Thus, Fansimef in an oral dose of three tablets (total of 750 mg mefloquine (base) plus 1500 mg sulfadoxine plus 75 mg pyrimethamine) was found to be well tolerated and safe. PMID- 3899399 TI - Susceptibility of Thai isolates of Plasmodium falciparum to artemisinine (qinghaosu) and artemether. AB - Eleven Thai isolates and one West African isolate of Plasmodium falciparum were tested for their susceptibility to the Chinese antimalarial drugs artemisinine (qinghaosu) and artemether. The isolates were cultivated by the Trager-Jensen candle-jar technique and exposed to the action of the drugs for 36-48 hours. Artemisinine inhibited growth of most isolates at 10(-7)-10(-8) mol/litre and artemether at 10(-8) mol/litre (with an initial parasitaemia of 0.5-1.0%). Slight variation in the sensitivity of different isolates was found, but there was no correlation between sensitivity to artemisinine or artemether and sensitivity to pyrimethamine, pyrimethamine/sulfadoxine, or chloroquine. The action of artemisinine and artemether was reduced when the initial parasitaemia of the treated cultures was raised. PMID- 3899400 TI - Tumor-initiating activity, mutagenicity, and metabolism of methylated anthracenes. AB - Specific methylated derivatives of anthracene are mutagenic in S. typhimurium and have tumor-initiating activity on mouse skin. In this study, the mutagenic activities of 1-, 2-, and 9-methylanthracene, 2,9- and 9,10-dimethylanthracene, 2,9,-10-trimethylanthracene, 2,3,9,10-tetramethylanthracene, and the photo-oxide of 9,10-dimethylanthracene were determined in S. typhimurium TA98 and TA100. The relative tumor-initiating activities of these compounds were also evaluated. These bioassays indicate that increased mutagenic potency and tumor-initiating activity are associated with the presence of a methyl substituent at both the 9- and 10- position of anthracene. Metabolism studies suggest that the biological activity of specific methylated anthracenes may be related to the formation of a simple epoxide adjacent to a peri-methyl substituent. PMID- 3899401 TI - Evidence for a major premutagenic ethyldeoxythymidine-DNA adduct in an in vivo system: N-nitroso-N-ethylurea-treated Salmonella typhimurium. AB - Mutagenesis induced by N-nitroso-N-ethylurea (NEU) was assayed in four strains of Salmonella typhimurium which are known to be reverted to histidine prototrophy by mutations at A-T base pairs and by extragenic suppression. NEU-induced revertants were characterized for the presence of extragenic suppressors by their sensitivities to the histidine analogue, thiazolealanine. In strains carrying the plasmid, pKM101, only a small percentage of the revertants was due to suppressors, indicating that NEU gives rise to a major premutagenic adenine or thymidine-DNA adduct. In strains without plasmid, mutagenesis was much less efficient and resulted mainly from suppressors. Apparently error-prone DNA-repair plays an important role in mutagenesis via the A or T-DNA adduct in the plasmid containing strains. Ethylmethanesulfonate (EMS), a mutagen known to form ethyladenines but not ethylthymidines, induced mutagenesis that resulted mainly from suppressors in all strains, and there was little inter-strain difference in the sensitivity to EMS. Since NEU, but not EMS, forms ethylthymidines in appreciable yield, and only NEU induced high percentages of revertants with mutations at A-T base pairs, it appears that at least one ethylthymidine is a major premutagenic adduct in NEU-induced mutagenesis. PMID- 3899403 TI - Retraction: Angiotensin-converting enzyme and oxygen tension. PMID- 3899402 TI - Excitation-contraction coupling and the ultrastructure of smooth muscle. PMID- 3899404 TI - Warfarin versus dipyridamole-aspirin and pentoxifylline-aspirin for the prevention of prosthetic heart valve thromboembolism: a prospective randomized clinical trial. AB - In a prospective, randomized, parallel study, two regimens of platelet suppressant therapy (PST)--dipyridamole-aspirin and pentoxifylline-aspirin--were compared with standard oral anticoagulation with warfarin in the prevention of prosthetic heart valve thromboembolism. In the entire group of 254 patients followed for 395.6 patient-years, the thromboembolic rate was significantly less in the warfarin group (warfarin vs dipyridamole-aspirin, p less than .005; warfarin vs pentoxifylline-aspirin, p less than .05). Subgroup analysis disclosed that, in patients with isolated mitral valve replacement, warfarin was superior to both of the PSTs with respect to the prevention of thromboembolism (warfarin vs dipyridamole-aspirin, p = .005; warfarin vs pentoxifylline-aspirin, p less than .05). Furthermore, a significant number of our patients could not tolerate the antiplatelet agents. However, in the rare situation in which repeated significant bleeding occurs despite careful adjustment of the dosage of warfarin, PST may be an acceptable alternate method of thromboembolism prophylaxis. PMID- 3899405 TI - Isometric exercise in patients with chronic advanced heart failure: hemodynamic and neurohumoral evaluation. AB - We evaluated the hemodynamic effects of isometric exercise in 53 patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) and compared them with those found in 10 normal subjects. In both groups, isometric exercise increased heart rate and blood pressure. Systemic resistance increased in patients with CHF (1862 +/- 520 vs 2126 +/- 642 dyne-sec-cm-5; p less than .001) but not in normal subjects (1359 +/ 268 vs 1380 +/- 252 dyne-sec-cm-5). Cardiac index and stroke volume index increased mildly but not significantly in the normal subjects (2.8 +/- 0.5 vs 3.1 +/- 0.7 liters/min/m2 and 46 +/- 8 vs 47 +/- 7 ml/m2) and showed a significant fall in the patients with CHF (2.1 +/- 0.6 to 1.9 +/- 0.6 liters/min/m2, p less than .01 and 23 +/- 7 vs 20 +/- 7 ml/m2, p less than .01). Mean pulmonary arterial wedge pressure increased in patients with CHF from 26 +/- 7 to 30 +/- 8 mm Hg (p less than .001). Although no significant change was found in mean value for stroke work index (21 +/- 9 vs 20 +/- 9 g-m/m2), the individual changes were variable, with marked decrease (greater than 15%) in 17 of the patients. This hemodynamic deterioration could not be predicted from resting hemodynamics, left ventricular ejection fraction, or functional classification. Isometric exercise resulted in no significant change in circulatory catecholamine levels or plasma renin concentration in our 10 normal subjects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3899406 TI - Enzyme immunoassay for pancreatic lipase: comparison with turbidimetric method in pancreatic diseases. AB - We report the results of the analytical and clinical evaluation of a specific enzyme immunoassay for determination of human pancreatic lipase, in comparison with a turbidimetric method, in pancreatic pathology. Under standardized conditions of incubation time and temperature we found intraassay coefficient of variation (CV) of 1.3, 3.2, 2.1% at means = 18.7, 43.7, 224 micrograms/L and interassay CV of 2.8, 4.6, 3.0% at means = 19, 42.6, 230 micrograms/L, respectively. In general, a good correlation (r = 0.97) was found between lipase determined as a protein or through its catalytic activity. No significant correlation (r = 0.38) was observed with samples containing low concentration of lipase (up to 18 micrograms/L). We conclude that the turbidimetric method is reliable for routine determinations in the diagnosis of acute pancreatic pathology. However, the better sensitivity of the immunochemical assay should provide additional information for monitoring pancreatic insufficiency. PMID- 3899407 TI - Quantification of apolipoprotein C-III in serum by a noncompetitive immunoenzymometric assay. AB - We used a noncompetitive immunoenzymometric assay to measure the concentration of total apolipoprotein C-III in human sera. Affinity-purified antibodies to apolipoprotein C-III were adsorbed to the surface of microtiter plates. After washing, this solid-phase antibody was incubated with antigen (serum from fasting subjects), washed, and then incubated with peroxidase-labeled purified antibodies to apolipoprotein C-III. After a last washing, the bound label was assayed, providing a direct measurement of the antigen. Optimized technical conditions for the assay yielded assay CVs of 3.5 and 5.6% for within- and between-run precision, respectively. Analytical recovery of apolipoprotein C-III added to a serum was quantitative (97%). This noncompetitive assay can be used to measure apolipoprotein C-III in different lipoprotein fractions (very-low or high-density fractions) and yields values that compare favorably with those obtained by electroimmunoassay (r = 0.94). The assay offers several advantages over existing techniques--sensitivity, specificity, simplicity, and no use of radioisotopes- and hyperlipemic samples can be used. PMID- 3899408 TI - Chemiluminescence immunoassay of plasma progesterone, with progesterone acridinium ester used as the labeled antigen. AB - This simple solid-phase chemiluminescence immunoassay for measurement of progesterone in extracts of venous plasma has sensitivity and precision similar to that of conventional radioimmunoassay with use of a tritiated antigen. The labeled antigen, 11 alpha-progesteryl-2-succinoyltyramine-4-(10-methyl)-acridini um-9-carboxylate, and a monoclonal antibody to progesterone-11 alpha-succinyl bovine serum albumin are incubated with a 100-microL aliquot of plasma extract (equivalent to 20 microL of plasma) and 50 microL of a suspension of an IgG fraction of a donkey antiserum to mouse immunoglobulins, covalently attached to cellulose particles. After the antibody-binding reaction (60 min at 4 degrees C), 1 mL of phosphate buffer is added to each tube, the tubes are centrifuged (5 min, 1500 X g), and the supernatant fluid is aspirated. The washing step is repeated and diluted hydrochloric acid (50 mmol/L, 50 microL) is added to the pellet. Luminescence is initiated by oxidation with dilute sodium hydroxide/hydrogen peroxide. The signal is integrated over 10 s. The light yield is inversely proportional to the progesterone concentration in the standard or sample. PMID- 3899409 TI - Determination of thyrotropin in serum by time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay evaluated. AB - We evaluated a new, highly sensitive time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay for thyrotropin (TSH) in serum. This direct immunometric "sandwich"-type assay involves two monoclonal antibodies against TSH, one immobilized, the other labeled with europium. Extremely high specific activity of the label and the use of labeled antibody in large excess make the method sensitive enough to measure TSH values falling below the normal reference interval. The standard curve is nearly linear over a wide range of TSH concentrations (standard concentrations range from 0.25 to 324 milli-int. units/L). The lowest concentration detectable was 25 micro-int. units/L. The CV for the assay was less than 6% at 0.5 milli int. unit/L or higher, 11.3% at 0.1 milli-int. unit/L. For a CV of 10% the lower limit of the working range would be around 0.1 milli-int. unit/L. The interassay CV was 6.7 to 11.8% for TSH concentrations of 0.31 to 19.6 milli-int. units/L. The 95% confidence interval for sera from 111 healthy persons was 0.6-3.8 (range 0.3-3.8) milli-int. units/L. For hyperthyroid patients and thyroid cancer patients treated with thyroxin after thyroidectomy, serum TSH values were all below the reference interval (most were less than 25 micro-int. units/L). PMID- 3899410 TI - Direct solid-phase time-resolved immunofluorometric assay of cortisol in serum. AB - A dissociation-enhanced lanthanide fluoroimmunoassay of serum cortisol based on time-resolved fluorescence is described. The assay is a direct assay, where cortisol immobilized on the wall of a microtiter-strip well competes with cortisol in the sample for the europium-labeled polyclonal antibody. The amount of bound europium-labeled antibody is inversely proportional to the amount of cortisol in the sample. Separation is accomplished by washing the strip well. The assay is carried out in 2 h, at room temperature; it is easy to perform and gives accurate and reliable results. A chaotropic agent, trichloracetic acid, was very effective in releasing cortisol from binding proteins. This finding will have practical importance in the immunoassay field. PMID- 3899411 TI - The last alchemist--the first biochemist: J.B. van Helmont (1577-1644). PMID- 3899412 TI - Antibodies interfering in immunometric assays. PMID- 3899413 TI - Highly sensitive enzyme immunoassay for human creatine kinase BB isozyme. AB - A sensitive sandwich-type enzyme immunoassay method for measurement of brain-type isozyme of human creatine kinase (CK-BB) was developed using purified antibodies specific to the B subunit. The assay system consisted of polystyrene balls with immobilized antibody F(ab')2 fragments and the same antibody Fab' fragments labelled with beta-D-galactosidase from Escherichia coli. The assay was highly sensitive and 1 pg of CK-BB was measurable. The assay was specific to the B subunit of creatine kinase (CK-B), and it cross-reacted about 25% with CK-MB, the heart-type isozyme. However, the assay showed no cross-reactivity with CK-MM, the muscle type-isozyme or with neuron-specific gamma gamma enolase. Coefficients of variation in within-run and between-run precision studies for serum CK-B were less than 8%. Serum CK-B levels in healthy adults of various ages (16-59 yr old) ranged from 0.25-1.44 ng/ml, whereas the CK-B concentrations in children (less than 10 yr old) were relatively high, ranging from 1.3-7.4 ng/ml. The CK-B levels in the cerebrospinal fluids (CSF) could be determined by the present method, and they ranged from 0.10-0.76 ng/ml in the samples from patients with non-neuronal disorders. Determination of immunoreactive CK-B in the extracts of various human tissues confirmed previous reports that CK-B was distributed at high concentrations in the central nervous tissue, prostate, uterus, bladder, gastrointestinal tract and heart muscle. PMID- 3899414 TI - Renal vein renin measurement and arteriography in the investigation and management of severe childhood hypertension. AB - Forty-two children aged one to sixteen years with persistent and severe hypertension were investigated by renal vein renin measurements. There were no serious complications in the 49 procedures performed and technical failure occurred on three occasions. Arteriography was performed in 35. Asymmetrical renin release was found in 22 patients and of these 15 underwent surgery. This was successful in 12 patients (80%) who became normotensive. Ten had unilateral disease (100% cure rate) but only 2 (40%) with bilateral disease became normotensive. Renal vein renin studies combined with arteriography have a useful role in the investigation and management of childhood hypertension. PMID- 3899415 TI - Determination of choline-containing phospholipids in human bile and serum by a new enzyme sensor. AB - A simple method for direct determination both of choline and lecithin (phosphatidylcholine) in human bile and blood sera was developed. An enzyme electrode, based on immobilized choline oxidase on nylon net and an oxygen Clark electrode was assembled. Phosphatidylcholine can be determined by use of phospholipase D as hydrolyzing agent. Reliable results were obtained in the case of determination of lecithin and choline in bile samples. PMID- 3899416 TI - Malignant hypertension due to an aldosterone producing adrenal adenoma. AB - Malignant hypertension in Conn's syndrome is rare. We report an 18 year old boy who presented with visual and renal impairment due to malignant hypertension which subsequently proved to be secondary to an aldosterone secreting adrenal adenoma. Diagnosis was delayed in this patient as plasma renin concentrations (PRC) were not invariably low and it is emphasized that suppression of PRC is not always a feature of primary hyperaldosteronism. The diagnosis of primary hyperaldosteronism is only excluded adequately by the demonstration of suppression of aldosterone secretion. PMID- 3899417 TI - Hormonal responses to change in posture in hypertensive man. Evaluation by measurements of prostaglandin E2, renin activity, angiotensin II, and norepinephrine in renal venous blood. AB - The hormonal responses to the stimulus of changing from resting supine to sitting upright for 15 minutes were assessed in 20 patients with hypertension, divided into 2 groups. 8 patients had essential hypertension (EH) and 12 unilateral renal artery stenosis (URS). The prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) concentration, plasma renin activity (PRA), angiotensin II (A-II) concentration, and norepinephrine (NE) concentration were measured in renal vein blood using specific methods. The PGE2 concentration increased after sitting for 15 minutes in all patients (p less than 0.001), but the increment was significant only in those with URS. The PRA was lower both at rest and after sitting up in the EH group than in the URS group. After sitting up the A-II concentration increased more in patients with URS than in those with EH (p less than 0.05). NE levels rose significantly when all patients were included (p less than 0.01), mainly owing to changes in the EH group. Supine and sitting PRA and A-II were correlated (r=0.47 and r=0.52; both p less than 0.05), and also sitting PGE2 and A-II (r=0.46, p less than 0.05). The inverse relation between PGE2 and NE for the difference in hormone concentrations between supine and sitting (r=-0.44, p less than 0.05) may be explained by an inhibitory effect of PGE2 on renal NE release, earlier observed in experiments in vitro. Similar changes in PGE2 and the measured components of the renin angiotensin system in response to change in posture may indicate these factors are interrelated. PMID- 3899418 TI - Double-blind comparison of indapamide with a placebo in hypertensive patients treated by practicing physicians. AB - The antihypertensive effect of indapamide (2.5 mg/day) was compared to that obtained with a placebo in a controlled trial carried out by 11 physicians in their private practice. Thirty-one patients with uncomplicated essential hypertension were included. After a run-in period of 3 weeks without any treatment, either indapamide (n = 16) or a placebo (n = 15) were administered for 8 weeks in double-blind fashion. Blood pressure decreased in both groups. In patients treated with indapamide, systolic pressure was significantly lower than in those given the placebo at 3 out of the 4 follow-up visits; diastolic pressure, however, was significantly lower only at the end of the trial. Both the active drug and the placebo were well tolerated. No significant change in body weight, plasma potassium and uric acid occurred during the study in either group of patients. It appears therefore that indapamide, at a dose which apparently has no major diuretic effect, may be useful for practitioners in managing patients with mild to moderate hypertension. PMID- 3899419 TI - Effect of hydralazine on serial measurements of exchangeable sodium and blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - Hydralazine was dissolved in 0.5% drinking saline (40 mg/1000 ml) labelled with isotope 22Na and given to spontaneously hypertensive rats for four weeks. Another group of rats were given isotope labelled saline only and served as control. Measurements of total exchangeable sodium, blood pressure, pulse rate and weight were performed before and repeatedly during treatment. Before treatment exchangeable sodium, blood pressure, pulse rate, and weight were no different between the groups. The antihypertensive effect of hydralazine was marked and maintained throughout the experiment. No significant changes were found in pulse rate. Both groups gained weight similarly. Exchangeable sodium increased at the same rate in both groups along with the weight increase. Thus, chronic hydralazine treatment effectively reduces blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats without causing measurable sodium or fluid retention. PMID- 3899420 TI - Hemodynamic effects of the intraventricular administration of angiotensin II and renin in awake dogs. AB - This study was undertaken to investigate the hemodynamic changes induced by intraventricular injections of angiotensin II (A-II), 1 to 100 ng/kg/min, and renin in doses of 0.025 to 0.3 units (u) in conscious instrumented dogs. Angiotensin II produced a dose-related increase in mean arterial pressure; however, only the highest dose produced a significant increase of 23 +/- 6 mmHg. In contrast, renin did not significantly alter mean arterial pressure in the doses administered but 0.1 and 0.3 u induced a significant increase in systolic arterial blood pressure of 10 +/- 2 and 17 +/- 4 mmHg, respectively. Neither A-II nor renin affected heart rate, dP/dt or carotid, coronary or renal blood flows. These data suggest that in conscious dogs, the threshold level of A-II necessary to induce substantial hemodynamic changes is greater than the amount of A-II that can be acutely generated by activation of angiotensinogen. In addition, the present data suggest that the magnitude of the response is dependent on the availability of the substrate rather than the dose of renin injected centrally into conscious dogs. PMID- 3899422 TI - The cerebro-costo-mandibular syndrome: third report of familial occurrence. AB - Two male sibs with cerebro-costo-mandibular syndrome and spina bifida are described. The parents are physically and radiologically normal. A short review of the pertinent literature is given with special emphasis on the mode of inheritance. PMID- 3899421 TI - Unilaterally nephrectomized rat with aortic ligation: a uremic model of severe hypertension. AB - The purpose of this study was to characterize a new animal model of severe hypertension with azotemia. Hypertension was induced in rats by complete ligation of the aorta between the origin of the renal arteries. One month later chronic renal failure was induced by removing the right kidney. The serum creatinine concentration, mean arterial blood pressure (MABP), plasma renin activity (PRA) and plasma angiotensin II levels were monitored over the next two weeks. One month after aortic ligation, but before removal of the right kidney, the MABP, PRA, and plasma angiotensin II levels were significantly greater than in controls (P less than 0.05). Following nephrectomy serum creatinine concentration rose from 0.65 +/- 0.03 mg/100 ml (X +/- SEM) to 2.75 +/- 0.40 mg/100 ml and 1.78 +/- 0.22 mg/100 ml (P less than 0.05), 3 and 14 days after the right nephrectomy, respectively. Although the elevated MABP remained unchanged, the PRA and plasma angiotensin II concentrations significantly declined to levels indistinguishable from normotensive controls. These data indicate that combining aortic ligation with right nephrectomy produces a uremic model of severe hypertension in the rat. This model may facilitate studies designed to determine the best choice of antihypertensive drugs in the situation of severe hypertension and renal insufficiency. PMID- 3899423 TI - Improved techniques for in vivo and in vitro detection of IgG deposits at dermo epidermal junction of human skin. PMID- 3899424 TI - Comparison of a cream containing 0.1% dithranol in a 17% urea base (Psoradrate) with coal tar pomade in the treatment of scalp psoriasis. PMID- 3899425 TI - Cicatricial pemphigoid in D-penicillamine treated patients with rheumatoid arthritis--a report of three cases. PMID- 3899426 TI - Ultrastructural analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in renal allograft recipients. AB - Renal transplanted patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy with glucocorticoids (GC) and azathioprine show in the peripheral blood numerous large mononuclear cells. The origin and the lineage of these cells was not clearly established. In the present study we investigated the surface phenotype and the ultrastructural characteristics of this subset constituted by large mononuclear cells. From peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBL) of allograft recipients, a cell preparation exhaustively depleted of the relatively numerous monocytes was obtained. At ultrastructural examination two main cellular populations were distinguished: the predominant one (congruent to 85%) was constituted by cells with lymphoid morphology while the other (congruent to 15%) showed myeloid appearance. The large lymphoid cells, T4 or T8 positive, did not express Ia molecules on the surface and were morphologically suggestive of cells in an intermediate stage of the cell cycle between resting and activated lymphocytes. The myeloid population was constituted by promyelocytes, myelocytes and metamyelocytes. Promyelocytes and myelocytes capable of cell division are responsible for the increase of 3H-thymidine incorporation observed in transplanted patient PBL. In conclusion our data suggest that in allograft recipients the immunosuppressive therapy with GC and azathioprine may inhibit the lymphocyte blast transformation and can influence the release of immature myeloid cells responsible for the PBL increased 3H-thymidine incorporation. PMID- 3899427 TI - Interaction of complement solubilized complexes with mouse peritoneal macrophages and their clearance and tissue uptake. AB - To clarify the biological activity of complement solubilized immune complexes, we studied their interaction with mouse peritoneal macrophages. The solubilized complexes lost their binding affinity for C3b receptor and Fc receptor but still bound to MPM mainly via the C3bi receptor (CR3). When solubilized immune complexes were injected into mice, they were more rapidly removed from the circulation than antigen excess soluble complexes and taken up by the liver Kupffer cells. Therefore, the solubilized complexes could be catabolized by the reticuloendothelial system, mainly in the liver. Probably, CR3 plays an important role in this process. PMID- 3899428 TI - Human vimentin autoantibodies preferentially interact with a peptide of 30kD mol. wt, located close to the amino-terminal of the molecule. AB - Patients of some rheumatic autoimmune diseases like systemic lupus erythematosus have in their sera autoantibodies to vimentin, the main protein of intermediate sized filaments of the cytoskeleton of connective tissue cells. Immunoprecipitation and Western blotting techniques have been used to detect the interaction between human anti-vimentin autoantibodies and the two peptides that resulted from the cleavage of vimentin by N-chlorosuccinimide. Both methods and also immunoabsorption of sera with the isolated peptides suggest that the interaction of vimentin and immunoglobulins is mainly carried out through a peptide of 30kD mol. wt located close to the amino-terminal part of the vimentin molecule. The same results were obtained when a serum from a rabbit immunized with human vimentin was used. PMID- 3899429 TI - Acute malaria prolongs susceptibility of mice to Plasmodium berghei sporozoite infection. AB - The fate of immune response against sporozoite stage in malaria infection was investigated. Two groups (A and B) of mice were inoculated twice with infective sporozoites of Plasmodium berghei. The mice in group A were maintained on chloroquine prophylaxis to prevent the sporozoite infection from causing malaria. Group B animals on the other hand were allowed to develop acute malaria from the infection which was subsequently cured with chloroquine. Upon examination for stage specific immune responses, it was found that the animals in group A produced high antibody titres against sporozoites and none against erythrocytic stages. The mice in group B produced little anti-sporozoite antibodies but had high antibody titres against blood forms. Challenge infection with P. berghei sporozoites showed that group A animals had become resistant against sporozoite induced parasitaemia, whereas the mice in group B remained susceptible. The possible significance of suppression of protective immunity by malaria in host parasite relationship is discussed. PMID- 3899430 TI - A human autoantibody to peroxisomes. AB - A complement fixing, non-organ specific IgG autoantibody is described in 29 patients. The autoantibody gives a highly characteristic, granular staining of liver cells, proximal kidney tubules and stomach surface epithelium. By studies with various subcellular fractions from rat liver, employing two different techniques (quantitative complement fixation, and absorption combined with indirect immunofluorescence) the autoantibody was shown to react with a peroxisomal antigen. No convincing clinical correlations were found. PMID- 3899432 TI - Relationship of anti-beta 2-microglobulin antibodies to T11 and T-cell activation in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Monoclonal anti-beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2m) inhibited in a specific, dose dependent fashion both in vitro tetanus toxoid-induced human-T-cell proliferation and sheep erythrocyte (E)-rosette formation, a function of the 50 kDa T11 molecule. In these respects, anti-beta 2m exhibited effects similar to those of sera from patients with SLE. Although 10 of 16 SLE sera contained antibody to beta 2m in monoclonal rosette inhibition assays, the presence of antibody of this specificity contributed only partially to the capacity of SLE serum to inhibit E rosette formation or the T-cell response to tetanus toxoid. Removal of anti-beta 2m from SLE serum by solid phase absorption with beta 2m-Sepharose 4B reduced inhibition of the tetanus toxoid response and E-rosette formation in certain cases, but to a lesser extent than that observed following absorption with T-cell blasts, which completely eliminated inhibitory activity. Neither SLE antilymphocyte antibodies (including anti-beta 2m) nor heterologous anti-beta 2m were directed to the E receptor binding site (T11(1) epitope), as indicated by failure to inhibit OKT11 monoclonal antibody rosette formation or to reduce the relative intensity of OKT11 immunofluorescent staining. These data suggest an interesting functional relationship between beta 2m, the E receptor, and T-cell activation. While anti-beta 2m antibodies in SLE exert some inhibitory effect on antigen-induced T-cell proliferation, other distinct autoantibody systems to T cell activation antigens appear to play the predominant role in this regard. PMID- 3899431 TI - Development of cell-mediated cytotoxic activity in the respiratory tract after experimental infection with respiratory syncytial virus. AB - The development of natural killer cell and other antibody-independent cellular cytotoxic response to RSV were studied in splenic and pulmonary mononuclear effector cells obtained from groups of 6-week-old cotton rats after subcutaneous (SC) or intranasal (IN) immunization with live virulent or ultra-violet (UV) inactivated respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). No virus-induced cytotoxic activity was observed after SC immunization with live virus or IN inoculation of inactivated non-infectious virus. On the other hand significant cytotoxic activity was observed after IN infection with live RSV. The peak responses appeared on day 4 in the pulmonary cells and on day 7 in the splenic mononuclear cells. These cytotoxic activities declined to baseline levels 10 and 15 days after immunization in pulmonary and splenic cells respectively. In addition, the amount of 51Cr released was significantly reduced when unlabelled 'cold' HEp-2 cells were added to 51Cr-labelled RSV-infected CRF target cells and vice versa in the cytotoxic assay. It is suggested that viral replication at the mucosal site is essential for the induction of local as well as systemic cytotoxic activity following RSV infection. The development of such cellular reactivity may be important in the elimination of RSV following human infection. PMID- 3899433 TI - Immunohistologic analysis of a human pulmonary alveolar macrophage antigen. AB - PAM1 is a 200-kDa polypeptide antigen present on lavaged human alveolar macrophages but not on monocytes, peritoneal macrophages, breast milk macrophages, or other normal hematopoietic cells studied by flow cytometry. We have characterized the distribution of expression of this antigen by cells in tissues by using immunohistologic techniques. Normal and diseased lung as well as lymph nodes, spleen, kidney, liver, GI tract, and skin were studied. PAM1 was expressed strongly on the surface and weakly in the cytoplasm of most alveolar macrophages in all 15 of the lung specimens. Occasional interstitial macrophages had weak to moderate staining for this antigen but the majority did not stain. The distribution, pattern, and intensity of staining for PAM1 was the same in normal lung specimens and those with interstitial pneumonitis, despite the increase in mononuclear cells in the latter. Dermal histiocytes and Kuppfer cells expressed PAM1 weakly. Sinus histiocytes in lymph nodes were moderately to strongly positive. Although lymphoid cell suspensions (tonsil) were negative by flow cytometry, five of six lymph nodes had positive cells by immunohistology. PAM1 was also detected on endothelial cells of splenic sinusoids in all 6 specimens but not on any other endothelium. Hence, while PAM1 is expressed most strongly on alveolar macrophages, it can also be demonstrated in other locations using sensitive immunohistologic techniques. Since circulating monocytes are antigen negative and some lung interstitial macrophages bear antigen, PAM1 may be a useful marker for studies of the differentiation of mononuclear cells in the lung. PMID- 3899434 TI - Natural killer cell activity in multiple sclerosis patients treated with recombinant interferon-alpha 2. AB - Natural killer (NK) cell activity was evaluated in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients during a phase II trial of recombinant interferon-alpha 2 (IFN). Spontaneous NK activity against the K562 myeloid target cell increased significantly during the first week of treatment in the IFN treatment group. However, NK activity was also increased in the placebo treatment group. Long-term administration of IFN caused a decline of NK activity, below the pretreatment values. This decline was not paralleled by a decline in the percentage of Leu-7 cells in the peripheral blood. The ability of IFN to enhance NK activity during treatment was also evaluated. Enhancement of NK activity by IFN was depressed for the duration of the study in the IFN treatment group. After treatment was stopped, IFN enhancement of NK activity returned to the pre-study value. These studies demonstrate that spontaneous and IFN enhanced NK activity are profoundly affected by the administration of recombinant IFN-alpha 2 in MS patients. PMID- 3899435 TI - Chemiluminescence detection of polymorphonuclear leukocyte stimulatory factor in patients with chronic renal failure before and after transplantation. PMID- 3899436 TI - Intraglomerular distribution of fibronectin in primary glomerular diseases. AB - The intraglomerular distribution of fibronectin was examined in 152 renal biopsy specimens with the direct immunofluorescence technique. Fibronectin was detected only in the mesangial area in normal glomeruli, while in proliferative glomerulonephritis, it extended from the mesangium to the pericapillary regions proportionately with the proliferative changes. In membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, fibronectin globally extended in the glomeruli. Also in membranous nephropathy, fibronectin was observed in the capillary walls despite an absence of proliferation. Electron microscopic examinations revealed that the glomeruli with the pericapillary distribution of fibronectin were mostly found in stage II or III, as determined by WHO criteria. The double immunofluorescence technique demonstrated that in membranous nephropathy fibronectin was on the inner side of the glomerular basement membrane, and that in membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis fibronectin extended concomitantly with the expansion of mesangial matrix. These findings suggest that intraglomerular fibronectin is localized only in the mesangial area in normal glomeruli, and that the pericapillary distribution of fibronectin occurs not only by mesangial proliferation but also by additional unknown mechanisms. PMID- 3899437 TI - Renal histopathology in kidney transplant recipients immunosuppressed with cyclosporin A: results of an international workshop. AB - Kidney transplant biopsies from 55 patients immunosuppressed with cyclosporin A and 35 treated with conventional immunosuppression were evaluated by 14 pathologists. In cyclosporin treated cases the following morphologic features were more frequent and/or severe: isometric tubular vacuolization; tubular microcalcification, tubular atrophy, interstitial fibrosis striped form, focal interstitial infiltrates and arteriolopathy. Six different morphologic reaction patterns in cyclosporin treated patients were distinguished and possible pathogenetic factors discussed: 1. Classical rejection, 2. Diffuse interstitial fibrosis, 3. Toxic tubulopathy with giant mitochondria, isometric vacuolization and microcalcification, 4. Peritubular capillary congestion with mononuclear cell accumulation, 5. Arteriolopathy similar to benign/malignant hypertension or hemolytic uremic syndrome, 6. Interstitial fibrosis (striped form) with tubular atrophy. This preliminary morphologic classification may be helpful in the biopsy interpretation and the selection of therapeutic strategies and should stimulate further studies. PMID- 3899438 TI - Effect of hemodialysis on ceftazidime pharmacokinetics. AB - Ceftazidime, a new parenteral third generation cephalosporin, is widely used because of its broad aerobic gram-negative bacterial coverage and its apparent low risk of toxicity. To establish the effect of hemodialysis on the elimination kinetics of ceftazidime and to determine the supplementary dose of the drug after each dialysis session, we studied nine anuric patients with end stage chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis. After a single 1 g intravenous bolus injection of ceftazidime a two-compartment open model was used to calculate the pharmacokinetic parameters. The mean ceftazidime concentrations in hemodialysis patients were 64.3 micrograms/ml at the start of dialysis and 20.0 micrograms/ml at the end of dialysis session. A 4-h hemodialysis procedure reduced the area under concentration vs time curve from 795.1 mg/l X h to 175.8/l X h and the elimination half life of ceftazidime from 33.6 h to 3.3 h. Dialyzer clearance was 55.6 ml/min and 55% of the administered dose was recovered in the dialysate fluid. Hemodialysis patients should receive a supplemental dose equal to half their usual maintenance dose immediately after each dialysis session. PMID- 3899439 TI - Structure and function of factor IX: defects in haemophilia B. AB - The genetics of haemophilia B and the structure-function relationships of factor IX interactions with cofactors and substrates have been reviewed. Emphasis has been placed on contributions to our understanding made by analysis of variants. Amino acid substitutions at or near the site of activation lead to inactive factor IX or to factor IX species with decreased clotting activity. Release of the activation peptide is necessary for optimal interaction of factor IX with its cofactors and substrates. Abnormalities in the calcium binding region, whether Gla independent or dependent, also decrease clotting activity. The defects in haemophilia Bm variants somehow affect factor VII-tissue factor interactions with factor X. Other mutations may affect the factor IX heavy chain, probably at or near the active site. Amino acid substitutions may cause conformational changes in factor IX that interfere with other interactions such as with antithrombin III and factor VIII. Recombinant DNA techniques have been employed to analyse normal and abnormal factor IX genes. DNA sequence analysis of factor IX cDNA clones revealed the primary structure of the mature protein and a predicted leader peptide. Knowledge of the primary sequence of factor IX allowed identification of the specific defect in the factor IX Chapel Hill variant. Analysis of normal factor IX genomic clones has determined that the 35 kb gene is composed of eight coding exons and seven intervening sequences. Sequence analysis of the CRM+ variants will identify mutations disrupting the normal interactions of factor IX. Southern analysis of CRM- variants has revealed gross factor IX gene deletions in some cases. Such deletions have been employed for carrier deletion in some families. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms in the factor IX gene have also proven useful for carrier identification. Manipulations of the cloned factor IX gene to make specific mutations in vitro and improvements in the technology for expression of deliberately modified genes will further elucidate the relationships between factor IX structure and function. PMID- 3899440 TI - Rarer quantitative and qualitative abnormalities of coagulation. PMID- 3899442 TI - Newborn haemostasis. AB - Although reliable haemostasis testing is difficult to obtain in the newborn infant, information gained from such testing is important to the diagnosis of hereditary and acquired haemostatic disorders. Newborn infants are at risk for developing haemorrhage or thrombosis when provoked by various pathological stimuli. Haemostasis screening tests and factor assays must be interpreted using gestational age-specific normal ranges. Frequently, the comparison of several factor assays provides the necessary information to diagnose and treat neonatal haemostatic abnormalities. PMID- 3899441 TI - Acquired coagulation disorders. AB - An outline has been given of the major abnormalities of coagulation which can occur secondary to diseases in previously normal individuals. First, the disorders due to deficiency of the vitamin K-dependent clotting factors are described. Vitamin K deficiency can occur in the newborn, or at later stages in life when there is intestinal malabsorption. The malabsorption disorders, such as coeliac disease, together with major abdominal surgery or prolonged use of broad spectrum antibiotics can give rise to vitamin K deficiency. Additionally, in obstructive jaundice the lack of secretion of bile salts into the upper intestine causes vitamin K malabsorption. The use of oral anticoagulants is associated with haemorrhage in a small proportion of patients. These patients usually have an excessively prolonged prothrombin time, due to overdosage with anticoagulants, but occasionally haemorrhage can occur from a localized bleeding site, such as a duodenal ulcer, in patients under good anticoagulant control. The large number of drugs which can interact with anticoagulants are listed, from which it can be seen that careful monitoring of all patients on oral anticoagulants must be carried out. The haemostatic defects associated with liver disease are then tabulated. In this situation abnormalities may be due to deficient synthesis of coagulation factors in hepatocellular failure, by failure of vitamin K absorption, and also by disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). DIC occurs in hepatocellular failure, because the liver cells are normally responsible for clearing activated products of the coagulation and fibrinolytic enzyme systems. The presence of clinical haemorrhage and haemostatic breakdown in hepatic disease usually indicates a serious prognosis, but appropriate replacement therapy is indicated in this situation. Disseminated intravascular coagulation embraces a large number of clinical haemorrhagic syndromes, where intravascular activation of the coagulation system takes place accompanied by compensatory fibrinolytic activity. DIC can be initiated by intravascular release of procoagulant substances, such as tissue thromboplastin, or by damage to vascular endothelium and platelets. The main clinical conditions associated with DIC comprise the severe infections and septicaemias, obstetric accidents, shock and trauma, neoplasia and snake-bite envenoming. In all instances, the pathophysiological disorder of haemostasis is managed by treating the underlying disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3899443 TI - Von Willebrand disease. PMID- 3899444 TI - The fibrinolytic system of the vascular wall. AB - The vascular endothelium produces both PAs and a PAI. The activities of these components in the circulation must be regulated precisely to ensure that normal vascular homeostasis is not compromised. The blood contains a number of molecules that may function in this way by either promoting or inhibiting the synthesis, release and/or activity of the PAs and PAI. It is clear that the regulation of this system is considerably more complex than previously thought. For example, the initiation of fibrin dissolution is influenced by a number of additional factors including fibrin itself, pro-activators, PAI, platelet components (including the PAI), and possibly by APC generated at the endothelial cell surface. Despite the many recent advances discussed above, little is known about the temporal control of the events leading to plasminogen activation during thrombus formation and dissolution. Obviously, such information must be obtained before more effective treatments of abnormal vascular fibrinolytic activity can be developed. In this chapter, we have described a number of reagents and assays that should aid in the quantification of the PAs and the PAI in plasma. Eventual utilization of these assays in a clinical setting may be valuable for the diagnosis and subsequent treatment of abnormalities of the vascular fibrinolytic system. PMID- 3899446 TI - Agustin W. Castellanos. PMID- 3899445 TI - Laboratory support in the diagnosis of coagulation disorders. AB - In spite of recent advances in knowledge concerning the detailed biochemistry of blood coagulation, the diagnosis of haemostatic disturbances remains an important problem of clinical judgement in many instances. Laboratory support relies initially on a series of screening tests designed to investigate the general nature of blood clotting. Recent interest in these aspects is centred on standardization and quality assurance of methods and results. Procedures have been recommended in an attempt to unify data. Several aspects of conventional laboratory investigations have been modified and the reliability of diagnostic information has been improved. Some relatively recent findings have extended the application to coagulation studies. For example, the discovery of protein C, a potent physiological inhibitor of blood coagulation, has clarified the nature of the clotting disorder in some patients with hereditary thrombosis disease. In addition, close analysis of plasma from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus has stimulated interest in the association between the haemostatic, neurological and immunological abnormalities recorded in these patients. More recently, sophisticated techniques for the diagnosis of many coagulation factor defects have been developed. Carrier detection of the sex-linked disorders is undertaken widely with reasonable success and reliable prenatal diagnosis procedures have been established in specialized centres. Unequivocal information regarding the diagnosis of carrier status in some families is obtained by the use of gene analysis and linked polymorphisms. Precise details of the genes for several clotting factors have been recorded. Future development in this field is likely to improve the clinical course of many coagulation disorders. PMID- 3899447 TI - Pseudarthrosis after spinal fusion for scoliosis. A comparison of autogeneic and allogeneic bone grafts. AB - This study was undertaken to compare the incidence of pseudarthrosis in fusions supplemented with autogeneic and frozen allogeneic grafts. The records of 208 patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis who were treated by posterior fusion and Harrington instrumentation were studied. The fusion was supplemented by an autogeneic iliac bone graft in 114 patients and by an allogeneic bank bone graft in 94 patients. The fusion mass was explored in all patients with suspected pseudarthrosis; therefore, all pseudarthroses reported in this series were proved by surgical exploration. Pseudarthrosis developed in five patients (4.4%) receiving an autogeneic graft and in five patients (5.3%) receiving an allogeneic graft. The incidence of pseudarthrosis was not significantly different at the 95% level of certainty. Average blood loss and operative time were determined for all patients. The decreases in average blood loss and operative time in those patients receiving allogeneic grafts were significant (p less than .01). Thus, based on the incidence of pseudarthrosis, allogeneic frozen bank-stored bone is an attractive alternative to autogeneic iliac bone for fusion supplementation in the treatment of scoliosis. Total operative time and blood loss can be decreased, and possible complications associated with a donor site can be avoided. PMID- 3899448 TI - Arthroscopic debridement of the knee for septic arthritis. AB - Sixteen knees with hematogenous septic arthritis in 12 adult patients were treated by arthroscopic decompression, debridement, and irrigation with motorized instruments plus suction drainage. Infectious disease consultants supervised the administration of intravenous antibiotics, and range-of-motion exercises were instituted when the drains were removed 48 hours after surgery. Patients were protected from bearing weight for six weeks. There were no treatment complications, and no patient required a repeated drainage procedure. Two patients died of diseases unrelated to knee infection. The 11 infected knees of the ten surviving patients were evaluated subjectively, functionally, objectively, and roentgenographically. With an average 34-month follow-up evaluation, all patients regained their preoperative functional status without loss of motion or roentgenographic evidence of cartilage loss. Arthroscopic debridement of the knee for septic arthritis is a safe, efficient method of joint decompression with minimal morbidity. PMID- 3899449 TI - The classic. The open or operative treatment of fresh fractures: is it ever justifiable? With an analysis of the results of the present methods of treatment in one hundred and fifty-three fractures of the lower extremity. By Charles L Scudder. 1900. PMID- 3899450 TI - An unusual combination of findings in renal transplantation. AB - Three cases involving renal scans that showed both severe photopenia and also increase in uptake in a rim surrounding the renal graft are presented. As previously mentioned in the literature, the bad prognostic import of photopenia is confirmed. The increased rim of activity has been rarely mentioned in the literature in the past and its possible causes are discussed. PMID- 3899451 TI - Pharmacokinetics of insulin. Implications for continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion therapy. AB - This review considers subcutaneous insulin pharmacokinetics, with emphasis on those aspects relevant to subcutaneous insulin infusion devices. These devices are in increasing use for diabetes therapy, although reliable data on subcutaneous insulin absorption is required to optimise their programming. Techniques for obtaining and interpreting pharmacokinetic data are considered. Recent studies would suggest that it is possible to simulate the major physiological fluctuations in blood insulin levels via continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion, combined with appropriate bolus insulin delivery. Most insulin infused subcutaneously will reach the systemic circulation, and in the majority of diabetics, subcutaneous insulin degradation is low. However, the absorption rate is slow and it may take 6 to 8 hours to reach a steady-state following a change in the subcutaneous infusion rate. Thus there is little to be gained from hour by hour adjustments to the basal insulin infusion rate. Basal rate supplementation, and meal insulin requirements, are best met by bolus delivery. It is particularly important to provide increased systemic delivery of insulin with the start of a meal. The most appropriate adjustment for additional exercise may be a small reduction in the preceding meal bolus, rather than a reduction in the basal rate. Studies of the pharmacokinetics of insulin are an important contributing factor to the optimisation of subcutaneous insulin infusion therapy. PMID- 3899453 TI - Cerebrospinal fluid pharmacokinetics of tobramycin, ceftazidime, phenobarbitone and phenytoin in a child. PMID- 3899452 TI - Clinical pharmacokinetics of ergotamine in migraine and cluster headache. AB - Ergotamine has been in use for the treatment of migraine for a century and is still considered to be the most effective therapeutic agent for acute attacks. Only during the last few years have assays been developed, enabling its pharmacokinetics to be studied. Appropriate assays for determining ergotamine concentrations in plasma are radioimmunoassay and high-performance liquid chromatography. There is great interindividual variation in absorption of ergotamine in both patients and normal volunteers. Bioavailability is of the order of 5% or less by oral or rectal administration. After intramuscular or intravenous administration, plasma concentrations decay in a biexponential fashion. The elimination of half-life is 2 to 2.5 hours and clearance is about 0.68 L/h/kg. As yet, formal pharmacokinetics following oral dosing have not been determined. There is some evidence that ergotamine enters the cerebrospinal fluid. Metabolism occurs in the liver, and the primary route of excretion is biliary. Up to 90% of migraine patients experience complete or partial symptom relief after ergotamine, providing the drug is given as early in their attack as possible. Efficacy is greatest after parenteral administration, although adverse effects may make the rectal or inhaled routes preferable. There is some evidence to suggest that good responses are associated with plasma concentrations of 0.2 ng/ml or above within one hour of administration. The mode of action of ergotamine in migraine may be by means of selective arterial vasoconstriction on certain cranial vessel beds or, alternatively, by depression of central serotonergic neurons mediating pain transmission or circulatory regulation. Principal adverse effects of ergotamine include nausea, vomiting, weakness, muscle pains, paraesthesiae and coldness of the extremities. Ergotamine dependence is not uncommon, resulting in an exacerbation of the above symptoms. Dosage must therefore be limited to no more than 10mg per week to minimise toxicity. PMID- 3899454 TI - Clinical significance of esterases in man. AB - Esterases, hydrolases which split ester bonds, hydrolyse a number of compounds used as drugs in humans. The enzymes involved are classified broadly as cholinesterases (including acetylcholinesterase), carboxylesterases, and arylesterases, but apart from acetylcholinesterase, their biological function is unknown. The acetylcholinesterase present in nerve endings involved in neurotransmission is inhibited by anticholinesterase drugs, e.g. neostigmine, and by organophosphorous compounds (mainly insecticides). Cholinesterases are primarily involved in drug hydrolysis in the plasma, arylesterases in the plasma and red blood cells, and carboxylesterases in the liver, gut and other tissues. The esterases exhibit specificities for certain substrates and inhibitors but a drug is often hydrolysed by more than one esterase at different sites. Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid), for example, is hydrolysed to salicylate by carboxylesterases in the liver during the first-pass. Only 60% of an oral dose reaches the systemic circulation where it is hydrolysed by plasma cholinesterases and albumin and red blood cell arylesterases. Thus, the concentration of aspirin relative to salicylate in the circulation may be affected by individual variation in esterase levels and the relative roles of the different esterases, and this may influence the overall pharmacological effect. Other drugs have been less extensively investigated than aspirin and these include heroin (diacetylmorphine), suxamethonium (succinylcholine), clofibrate, carbimazole, procaine and other local anaesthetics. Ester prodrugs are widely used to improve absorption of drugs and in depot preparations. The active drug is released by hydrolysis by tissue carboxylesterases. Individual differences in esterase activity may be genetically determined, as is the case with atypical cholinesterases and the polymorphic distribution of serum paraoxonase and red blood cell esterase D. Disease states may also alter esterase activity. PMID- 3899456 TI - Effect of acute and chronic exercise on hepatic drug metabolism. AB - Recent research indicates that physical exercise and fitness are new host factors with impact on hepatic drug metabolism, contributing to the intra- and interindividual variation in drug response. Moderate to heavy physical exercise for a few hours reduces liver blood flow as assessed by indocyanine green clearance, leading to a decreased elimination of drugs exhibiting flow-limited metabolism (high clearance drugs) such as lignocaine (lidocaine). However, hepatic elimination of drugs exhibiting capacity-limited metabolism (low clearance drugs) such as antipyrine (phenazone), diazepam and amylobarbitone (amobarbital) is not affected by acute physical exercise. Improved physical fitness as expressed by the maximum oxygen uptake seems to increase the elimination rate of the low clearance drug antipyrine and possibly also aminopyrine, while investigations of the biotransformation of high clearance drugs are contradictory. The sum of research in this recent field is rather limited and the mechanism whereby changes in physical fitness influence hepatic drug metabolism needs to be established. It is not known if other liver functions are changed. If the findings also apply for drugs with a low therapeutic index, there may be a risk of exercise-induced changes in drug efficacy and toxicity. It is suggested that future studies on host factors influencing drug metabolism should include information on physical activity. PMID- 3899455 TI - Drug therapy in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis. Clinical pharmacokinetic considerations. AB - Peritoneal dialysis has become an accepted treatment modality for end-stage renal disease. The introduction of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) has further popularised this technique. The need for adjustment of drug dosage in patients with endstage renal disease and the need for supplemental dosages following haemodialysis are well recognised. Little documentation exists concerning the need for supplemental drug dosage in patients on peritoneal dialysis. Knowledge of the influence of peritoneal dialysis on the elimination of specific drugs is essential to the rational design of dosage regimens in patients undergoing this dialysis technique. This review addresses the clinical pharmacokinetic aspects of drug therapy in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis and considers: the efficiency of the peritoneal membrane as a dialysing membrane; the effects of peritoneal dialysis on the pharmacokinetics of drugs; the pharmacokinetic models and estimation methods for peritoneal dialysis clearance and the effects of peritoneal dialysis on drug elimination; the influence of the pharmacokinetic parameters of drugs on drug dialysability; and the application of pharmacokinetic principles to the adjustment of drug dosage regimens in peritoneal dialysis patients. Data on drugs which have been studied in peritoneal dialysis are tabulated with inclusion of pharmacokinetic and dialysability information. PMID- 3899457 TI - Theophylline. Pooled Michaelis-Menten parameters (Vmax and Km) and implications. AB - The literature on theophylline is confusing since in the same dose range one article will report linear kinetics while another will report non-linear kinetics. Single dose clearances and lower steady-state clearances of theophylline, recently reported in the literature, were used to estimate pooled Vmax and Km values of the Michaelis-Menten equation for 10 normal subjects. The mean Vmax was 1960 mg/day and the mean Km was 24.1 mg/L. These values were then utilised to: explain another set of different oral clearances following doses of 2 and 6 mg/kg reported in the literature; estimate relative effects of dose rate and type of input on absolute bioavailability; estimate AUC (0-infinity) as a function of single dose over the range 0 to 1500 mg; estimate the average steady state serum concentration of theophylline (Cssav and steady-state oral clearance (CLsspo) as a function of dose rate in mg/day; illustrate how Michaelis-Menten kinetics alters the apparent first-order elimination rate constant and the half life estimated from terminal log-linear plots at concentrations appreciably lower than the Km value; and illustrate how Michaelis-Menten kinetics affects the estimation of a zero-order absorption rate constant using the Wagner-Nelson method. PMID- 3899458 TI - The computerized on-line Medicaid pharmaceutical analysis and surveillance system: a new resource for postmarketing drug surveillance. PMID- 3899460 TI - Pharmacokinetics of a new angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitor (alacepril) after oral dosing in fasting or fed states. AB - The plasma concentration and urinary excretion of a newly developed angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitor, alacepril (which is converted to captopril after absorption), were investigated in seven normal healthy subjects. Fifty milligrams of the drug was administered orally either in the fasting or in the fed state. In the fasting state, the time of maximal plasma concentration (tmax) was 1 hour for free captopril, 1.7 hours for protein-conjugated captopril, and 1.6 hours for total captopril. The biologic t1/2 of free, protein-conjugated, and total captopril was 1.9, 4.2, and 5 hours, respectively. In the fed state, neither tmax nor t1/2 changed, except that the tmax of free captopril was prolonged to 1.9 hours (P less than 0.01). Cumulative urinary excretion of free captopril at 8 hours was 35% of the drug administered in the fasting state and that of total captopril at 24 hours was 59%. These data did not differ significantly from those obtained after food intake. The biologic t1/2 of free captopril after alacepril dosing was longer than in previous studies of captopril per se. Because biologic or clinical effects have not been studied, it should be left conjectural whether alacepril is a longer-acting angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitor. A prolonged effect of the drug can be expected by its administration after a meal. PMID- 3899459 TI - Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis by indomethacin interacts with the antihypertensive effect of atenolol. AB - The interaction of inhibition of prostaglandin (PG) synthesis by indomethacin (75 mg/day) with the antihypertensive effect of atenolol (50 mg b.i.d.) was studied in 11 untreated otherwise healthy men 35 to 45 years old with essential hypertension. Atenolol for 3 weeks decreased supine blood pressure (BP) from 157/109 mm Hg during placebo to 148/97 mm Hg. Indomethacin alone for 1 week slightly increased BP and antagonized the antihypertensive action of atenolol. Atenolol reduced plasma renin activity (PRA) to 40% but did not modify either the urinary excretion of vasodilatory PGs (PGE2 and prostacyclin measured as 6-keto PGF1 alpha) or plasma kininogen and urine kallikrein. Indomethacin suppressed PRA to 27% and PG excretion to approximately 70% but did not markedly change plasma kininogen and urine kallikrein excretion. The decreased excretion of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, the metabolite of the main vasodilatory prostanoid prostacyclin, correlated with the increased BP measured in standing subjects. The effects of indomethacin were practically the same when given with atenolol as when given alone. We conclude that the slight increase in BP by indomethacin in essential hypertension is associated with the reduced production of vasodilatory PGs but not with alterations in activities of the renin-angiotensin or kallikrein-kinin systems. PMID- 3899461 TI - Blood pressure at diagnosis of type 2 diabetes correlates with plasma insulin concentration but not during the next 5 years. AB - At diagnosis of non-insulin-requiring diabetes, in 215 patients, systolic and diastolic (Korotkow 4) blood pressures, corrected for arm circumference, correlated with fasting plasma insulin concentration (r = 0.29, p less than 0.001), body mass index (BMI) (W/H2), and age (p less than 0.05 in all cases for both systolic and diastolic pressures). Women had higher pressures but were also heavier than men. Systolic pressure fell by 13 +/- SD 11%, diastolic by 8 +/- 15%, over 1 month and remained decreased over 5 yr. The fall was greater with high initial pressure (r = 0.6-0.7, p less than 0.001 all years). The correlation of initial pressure with plasma insulin remained significant even when allowing for age, surface area, BMI, and plasma concentrations of glucose, urea, creatinine, sodium and urate. Neither gender nor treatment with sulphonylureas or hypotensives influenced this relationship. During the first 5 yr after diagnosis the correlation between blood pressure and insulin weakened, particularly when allowing for the factors above (at 5 yr, systolic p = 0.025, diastolic NS). PMID- 3899462 TI - Glucose regulated insulin biosynthesis in isolated rat pancreatic islets is accompanied by changes in proinsulin mRNA. AB - Isolated rat pancreatic islets were incubated in high (28 mM) or low (2.8 mM) glucose for 0, 1 or 4 hr and insulin biosynthesis and messenger RNA quantified. During the 4 hr course of the experiments the fraction of protein synthesised specifically into proinsulin increased in the presence of high vs low glucose (14.3 +/- 3.7 vs 0.8 +/- 0.5%, p less than 0.01). The relative amount of proinsulin mRNA was found to be about 5-fold higher in islets incubated in high glucose at 4 hr as determined by RNA blot hybridization. Total translatable islet mRNA was unaffected by glucose in the medium. These data extend observations of changes in proinsulin mRNA in rats in vivo during fasting and glucose injection, and suggest a direct effect of glucose on islets. These data further demonstrate that glucose modulates selectively the level of proinsulin mRNA during incubation of isolated pancreatic islets and that changes in the level of proinsulin mRNA play an important role in regulation of insulin biosynthesis. PMID- 3899463 TI - Cytotoxicity of MHC antisera against rat islets: detection by release of 51Cr and leakage of hormones. AB - Antisera directed to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens are able to mediate complement-dependent cytotoxicity against rat islets of Langerhans. This cytotoxic action was detected by the release of 51Cr from prelabeled islets or by the loss of glucagon, but beta-cell damage as measured by insulin leakage was less pronounced. In addition, MHC antigens were demonstrated on dispersed islet cells by indirect immunofluorescence. These results suggest that islet cells bear MHC antigens and that antibodies directed to these antigens can mediate a complement-dependent cytotoxic reaction against islets of Langerhans. PMID- 3899464 TI - Cerasee, a traditional treatment for diabetes. Studies in normal and streptozotocin diabetic mice. AB - Cerasee, a wild variety of Momordica charantia is traditionally prepared as a tea for the treatment of diabetes mellitus in the West Indies and Central America. To investigate a possible hypoglycaemic effect, concentrated aqueous extracts of cerasee were administered to normal and streptozotocin diabetic mice. In normal mice, intraperitoneal administration of cerasee improved glucose tolerance after 8 hr, and in streptozotocin diabetic mice the level of hyperglycaemia was reduced by 50% after 5 hr. Chronic oral administration of cerasee to normal mice for 13 days improved glucose tolerance. The cerasee extracts did not significantly alter plasma insulin concentrations, suggesting that cerasee may exert an extrapancreatic effect to promote glucose disposal. PMID- 3899465 TI - Outpatient stabilization programme--an innovative approach in the management of diabetes. AB - An outpatient stabilization programme for diabetic patients was established to overcome the disadvantages of inpatient treatment. The day to day management of patients was carried out by experienced nurse/educators under the supervision of physicians. The telephone was used extensively for communication between the patients and staff of the Diabetes Centre. In a 12 month period, 73 patients were commenced on insulin and 83 patients (62 on insulin) had their diabetic control re-stabilized. In both groups of patients there was a significant fall in glycosylated haemoglobin levels indicating improved metabolic control. Results were similar to those for patients admitted to hospital for stabilization. There are important social and economic benefits from the avoidance of repeated hospitalization. PMID- 3899466 TI - Detection of human pancreatic adenocarcinomas by histochemical staining with monoclonal antibody AR1-28. AB - Hybridoma AR1-28 [Chin and Miller, Cancer Res 45:1723-1729, 1985] was produced using splenocytes from BALB/c mice which had been immunized with human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell line RWP-1 [Dexter et al, Cancer Res 42:2705-2714, 1982]. This antibody cross reacted with the RWP-2 cell line. AR1-28, an IgG1 antibody, stained the membranes of five (RWP-1, RWP-2, BxPC-3, HPAF-2, and T3M4) out of ten human pancreatic tumor cell lines by immunofluorescence techniques. Electron microscopy on RWP-2 cells, stained by indirect immunoperoxidase, confirmed a membrane location for the AR1-28 antigen. Twenty-three of the 27 clinical specimens (83%) of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded pancreatic cancers tested were positive. Varying intensities of staining were observed and were related to the degree of differentiation achieved by the tumor: poorly differentiated tumors showing the least staining while well-differentiated tumors showed the greatest intensity of staining in a predominantly apical location. Immunoblotting showed that AR1-28 reacts with a 200,000-dalton antigen present in extracts of RWP-1 and RWP-2 cells. This monoclonal antibody may be useful in the classification of pancreatic tumor cells. PMID- 3899467 TI - Growth regulation of human breast cancer. PMID- 3899468 TI - Chronobiology: its importance in clinical medicine. PMID- 3899469 TI - Urinary prostaglandin E and antidiuretic hormone during water immersion in man. AB - In 10 normal subjects water immersion to the neck at 35 degrees C produced a highly significant natriuresis and diuresis. Urinary prostaglandin E levels did not change significantly throughout immersion. During the diuresis of water immersion a suppression of urinary antidiuretic hormone occurred. PMID- 3899470 TI - Whole-bowel irrigation for mechanical colon cleansing. AB - The physiology, solution composition, indications, efficacy, and safety of whole bowel irrigation (WBI) for mechanical bowel cleansing are reviewed. WBI with isotonic electrolyte solutions produces diarrhea when the infusion rate exceeds the capacity of the intestine to distend and absorb the solution. A number of solutions are used for WBI, including 0.9% sodium chloride, balanced electrolyte solutions, lactated Ringer's, mannitol, and electrolyte solutions containing polyethylene glycol 3350 (PEG). WBI solution administration rates vary from 15-90 mL/min, by oral ingestion or nasogastric tube, with total volumes ranging from 1 to 20 L. The onset of diarrhea occurs as soon as 20 minutes with clearing of the effluent as early as 90 minutes. Faster administration rates appear to shorten overall cleansing time. Two PEG-electrolyte lavage solutions (ELSs) have recently gained FDA approval. The recommended dosage rate is 1.2-1.8 L/hr orally or by nasogastric tube until rectal effluent is clear. In most patients, this requires a maximum of 4-6 L. Initial data indicate that PEG-ELSs are safe for elderly patients and for patients who have an increased risk of fluid overload, but these solutions have not been evaluated in children, pregnant women, or patients with inflammatory bowel disease. WBI is an effective alternative to other regimens for removing fecal material and reducing bowel lumen bacterial counts before colonoscopy and colorectal surgery. Retention of bacterial counts before colonoscopy and colorectal surgery. Retention of excess WBI solution may interfere with the quality of barium enema radiographs; this can be minimized by completing the irrigation the evening before the examination. Gastrointestinal side effects occur in about one third of the patients following WBI, but do not generally require discontinuing the irrigation. Solutions containing PEG with sodium sulfate as the primary electrolyte result in the least net water and electrolyte movement and are preferred over other solutions. PMID- 3899471 TI - Aluminum-related osteomalacia in renal-failure patients. AB - The pathophysiology, clinical presentation, prevention, and treatment of aluminum related osteomalacia in renal-failure patients are reviewed. Aluminum-related osteomalacia can develop in patients exposed to high concentrations of aluminum either in dialysis solutions or through gastrointestinal aluminum absorption from aluminum-containing antacids used to treat hyperphosphatemia. Although the exact etiology of aluminum-related osteomalacia is unknown, aluminum is believed to inhibit bone mineralization by forming an inhibitory complex with citric acid at physiologic concentrations. The complex is deposited along bone mineralization fronts and in bone marrow. The major symptoms of aluminum-related osteomalacia include skeletal pain, fractures, and vertebral collapse. The disease is difficult to diagnose because patients may have normal or slightly elevated serum concentrations of calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase, and parathyroid hormone. Direct measurement of bone aluminum content (using biopsy) is often needed to confirm diagnosis. The aluminum-chelating agent deferoxamine mesylate can be used to measure bone aluminum content indirectly. Aluminum intoxication can be managed either by preventing exposure to aluminum or by removing deposited aluminum from bone. New standards restrict aluminum content in dialysis solutions, and prevention now focuses on the use of aluminum-free phosphate binders for treatment of hyperphosphatemia. Calcium carbonate may be as effective as aluminum-containing antacids in controlling serum phosphate concentrations, but it should be used cautiously in patients who are hypercalcemic or at risk of developing metastatic calcification. Chelation therapy with deferoxamine has improved the symptoms and bone histology in a small number of patients. Clinical improvements have been seen in patients receiving intravenous deferoxamine 2-6 g per week for 20 weeks.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3899472 TI - Multicenter evaluation of six methods for predicting warfarin maintenance-dose requirements from initial response. AB - Warfarin maintenance-dose requirements predicted by six mathematical methods based on initial response to therapy were compared with patients' actual dose requirements in a multicenter trial. Data were collected for patients who had received an initial regimen of warfarin sodium 10 mg orally every 24 hours for three days and for whom a prothrombin time (PT) had been determined 16-20 hours after the third dose. Patients' individual dose requirements and PT values were recorded during one to three follow-up visits after discharge from one of seven medical centers. Prothrombin ratios (patient PT divided by control PT) calculated on day 4 were used for maintenance-dose prediction by five methods; a sixth method was based on the cumulative warfarin dose-PT response curve up to a PT value of 20 seconds. For 54 men and 30 women who qualified for the study, 197 maintenance-dose-PT response measurements were recorded; 95 in the first four weeks of therapy, 76 during weeks 5-12, and 26 at 6-12 months after initial treatment. Prothrombin ratios were within the therapeutic range (PT 1.5-2.5 times the control value) in 154 observations, and the mean actual warfarin sodium maintenance dose associated with therapeutic response was 7.6 mg/day. For patients with therapeutic prothrombin ratios, dose predictions by the five methods using prothrombin ratios (PRs) correlated significantly with actual dose requirements. The formula that predicted doses numerically closest to the actual dose is as follows: Dose = 11.17 - 21.08 (log PR). Only 45 observations were obtained for the sixth prediction method, and the correlation between actual and predicted doses was not significant. Initial warfarin maintenance-dose requirements can be predicted effectively based on one PT determination after administration of three daily 10-mg doses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3899473 TI - Diagnosis of Salmonella osteomyelitis in a neutropenic patient using 111indium labelled donor leucocytes. PMID- 3899474 TI - Bradycardia during reversible haemorrhagic shock--a forgotten observation? PMID- 3899475 TI - Mild mental stress in diabetes: changes in heart rate and subcutaneous blood flow. AB - A TV-game of tennis of 20 min duration was used to study the influence of mild mental stress on subcutaneous blood-flow (SBF), blood-pressure and heart rate in nine insulin-dependent diabetics and nine healthy subjects. SBF was measured on the thigh by local clearance of xenon-133. Measurements were made before, during and after the period of stress. During stress, SBF increased significantly by 26% in the healthy subjects, while SBF remained unchanged in the diabetics. The difference between the two groups was significant (P less than 0.05). Following stress, SBF returned to pre-stress level in the healthy subjects, while a significant decrease of 33% was observed in the diabetics. The pre-stress heart rate level was higher and the stress-induced increase in heart rate was less in the diabetics compared with the healthy subjects (P less than 0.05). During the stress a slight--but insignificant--increase in blood-pressure was observed in both groups. In conclusion, we found that even mild mental strain influences SBF in both normal subjects and in diabetics. The induced alterations in the two groups are different, probably because of a slight parasympathetic dysfunction in the diabetics. PMID- 3899476 TI - [Ergometric evaluation of effects of captopril in hypertensive patients with exertion-induced angina]. PMID- 3899477 TI - [Physiopathology, clinical aspects and therapy of changes in copper metabolism]. PMID- 3899478 TI - DNA hybridization in the diagnosis of bacterial diarrhea. AB - DNA hybridization with either cloned genes for enteropathogenic determinants or DNA segments that are species-specific is a valuable tool to identify certain bacterial enteric pathogens. Thus far, only E. coli and V. cholerae enterotoxin gene probes have been used to identify ETEC and V. cholerae in clinical specimens. DNA probes developed for Salmonella, Shigella, Campylobacter, and enteroinvasive and enteropathogenic E. coli need to be evaluated with clinical specimens. The major contribution of this system so far has been to examine large numbers of specimens in epidemiologic studies. Once nonradioactive DNA probes are developed, this system will have potential application in clinical laboratories and in research laboratories in the developing world where diarrheal disease causes its greatest impact. PMID- 3899479 TI - Nucleic acid hybridization in the diagnosis of viral infections. AB - Recombinant DNA technology, including molecular cloning and nucleic acid hybridization, is now being applied to problems in clinical virology. Although viral isolation in cell culture remains the most sensitive and specific diagnostic test for many viruses, for some viruses, isolation in cell culture is lengthy or difficult or has not yet been achieved. Utilization of hybridization techniques has already resulted in important new information concerning the pathogenesis of a number of viruses, such as Epstein-Barr virus, hepatitis B virus, and human papillomavirus. In addition, time to diagnosis for viruses such as cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, and varicella-zoster virus can be significantly shortened to 36 to 48 hours, a great improvement over standard isolation with obvious importance for patient management. Hybridization techniques have also been applied to screening of antiviral agents. Although results of studies to date have been encouraging, significant problems remain to be solved before these techniques can be applied in a routine diagnostic laboratory. First, more sensitive assays must be developed. One approach is the generation of probes with higher specific activities. Synthesis of single stranded probes using recombinant M13 bacteriophage as a template results in probes of higher specific activities that also cannot re-anneal to themselves because they are not complementary. Thus, more probe is available to anneal to sample DNA. Synthesis of cRNA probes that form more stable hybrids with DNA is another approach that is receiving attention. A second problem is reagent safety and stability. The most sensitive and commonly used label in the studies reviewed in this article has been 32P. With its half-life of 2 weeks, potential hazards to personnel, and disposal problems, it is probably not suitable for clinical laboratories. A major step in the development of nonradioactive, stable probes has been synthesis of biotinylated nucleotide analogues that can be efficiently incorporated into DNA or RNA. Biotinylated probes are stable for 1 to 2 years at 20 degrees C, and their use obviates the need for autoradiography, thus shortening reaction times. In addition, very high concentrations of probes can be used without the background problems encountered with radiolabels. To date, biotinylated probes have been significantly less sensitive than those labeled with 32P, but continued efforts to improve sensitivity have yielded promising results.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3899480 TI - Monoclonal antibodies for bacterial identification and taxonomy: 1985 and beyond. AB - Contemporary bacterial serology relevant to medicine involves poly- and monoclonal antibodies to study pathogenic bacteria and nonpathogenic organisms useful in controlling infectious diseases. Monoclonal antibody applications include immunodiagnostics, prophylaxis and serotherapy, and microbial biotechnology and molecular immunochemistry. If used in parallel with antisera, the analytic potential of monoclonal antibodies is better realized. However, the entire range of advantages from the use of monoclonal antibodies can only be attained if the antibodies are well characterized. PMID- 3899481 TI - The detection of streptococcal antigens using monoclonal antibodies. AB - Recent advances in hybridoma technology have allowed the development of homogeneous immunologic reagents of defined specificity, activity, and reproducibility. During the last few years, the number of monoclonal antibodies directed against bacteria has increased exponentially, and research investigations have focused on the use of monoclonal antibodies for the diagnosis and therapy of infectious diseases. Monoclonal antibody technology offers a rapid, specific diagnosis of bacterial infection, long before culture results are available. We have described the use of monoclonal antibodies for the detection of group B streptococcal (GBS) infections in mothers and infants at risk to develop invasive GBS disease. Specifically, we have used the anti-GBS monoclonal antibodies to detect GBS colonization, serotype bacterial isolates in the laboratory, and identify GBS antigens in body fluid specimens. We have also discussed the use of anti-GBS monoclonal antibodies to confer protection against fatal infection in mice. Monoclonal antibodies against group A streptococcus and Streptococcus pneumoniae have also been developed with the potential for the rapid diagnosis of serious and often life-threatening infections, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. With further refinements in monoclonal antibody technology in the future, streptococcal hybridomas may replace standard culture techniques for bacterial identification in the microbiology laboratory. PMID- 3899482 TI - Use of monoclonal antibodies in the diagnosis and epidemiologic studies of legionellosis. AB - The routine use of monoclonal antibodies against L. pneumophila and other Legionellaceae has not yet reached the clinical microbiology laboratory. Most of these antibodies are still under evaluation and are not available commercially. However, it is obvious that some of them will be available in the next few years. Because of the numerous subtypes and serogroups of L. pneumophila already identified, extreme caution must be used before they are adopted routinely by a given laboratory. Testing against a large number of strains will have to be performed, and even then unidentified subtypes may not be recognized. Monoclonal antibodies against species-specific antigens of Legionella may prove to be the most useful for routine work, but once again a large number of strains will have to be tested before they are adopted. Under certain circumstances and especially in epidemiologic studies, well-chosen anti-L. pneumophila serogroup 1 monoclonal antibodies that define different subtypes may prove to be invaluable. This is currently the area in which the use of monoclonal antibodies against L. pneumophila is best defined. PMID- 3899483 TI - The production of monoclonal antibodies against respiratory syncytial virus and its clinical applications. AB - The availability of monoclonal antibodies against various viral components, either internal nucleoproteins or membrane proteins, has greatly advanced our understanding of the biochemistry of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). The components responsible for serum neutralization have been identified by monoclonal antibodies, thus facilitating the development of synthetic RSV vaccine. A number of clinical tests have been devised using monoclonal antibodies for either qualitative or quantitative determination of the presence of RSV antigens. The practical procedures for the widely used indirect immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) are presented. Various commercial ELISA spectrophotometers and washers are also compared and evaluated. PMID- 3899484 TI - Endemic forms of osteoarthritis. PMID- 3899485 TI - Pathogenetic mechanisms in polyarticular osteoarthritis. AB - This communication has attempted to review causal processes in polyarticular osteoarthritis (poly-OA). Since mechanical features are an almost constant feature of OA joint deterioration, their interplay, both in static and dynamic form, has been stressed. Age-related polyarticular cartilage softening is expounded as an example of degeneration and atrophy--a process not to be confused with OA which is considered as an age-accelerated disorder. I have stressed the influence of genetic factors, best exemplified as a single gene aberration in the occurrence of Heberden's nodes, while a polygenetic interplay may be involved in other forms of hand GOA. These features may predispose an individual to polyarthropathy. The mechanisms by which such genetic factors promote such changes are unknown but attention is drawn to the lack of symptoms in osteoarthritic joints of many if not most poly-OA cases. This occurrence could represent a relative lack of normal proprioceptive feedback or an unusual tolerance to pain. Genetically determined influences marked by the occurrence of hand OA predispose mechanically deranged joints in that individual to deteriorate more rapidly. Mechanically abnormal joints do not inevitably deteriorate, but, in combination with other local and/or systemic factors (genetic, metabolic, hormonal or immune) may undergo accelerated degeneration to which process each additional factor may contribute. Thus in genetically predisposed poly-OA hand cases, local deformity combined with crystal deposition and laxity may provoke dramatic destruction and subluxation. Since mechanical features attend almost all OA joint disease, attention is drawn to a poorly recognized malformation of the knee denoted as dysplasia. Such deformities, well recognized at the hip and shoulder, could occur at other sites in which OA is commonly seen (i.e. DIP joints). Immune-complex deposition probably occurs from time to time in GOA joints. Such events may be associated with local inflammation and aggravate the degradation of cartilage. The available data indicate distinctive differences in the nature and form of such immunopathology to RA in which disease immune-complex deposition in cartilage may play an integral role in tissue destruction and chronic inflammation. PMID- 3899486 TI - Articular degeneration as a sequela of osteochondrodysplasias. PMID- 3899487 TI - The relationship between osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. PMID- 3899488 TI - Endocrine arthropathies. PMID- 3899489 TI - Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis. PMID- 3899490 TI - Osteoarthritis in the hand. AB - Patients who have disabling osteoarthritis of the hand are frequently given the wrong diagnosis, poor professional advice and inadequate treatment programmes. The exact cause of primary osteoarthritis remains unknown; however, an interplay of genetic factors, mechanical factors and biomechanical alterations in cartilage seems to be important. The incidence of primary osteoarthritis in the general population is very high. These patients should receive the benefits of good professional advice and reconstructive surgery when necessary. They may respond very well to moderating their activities and simple physical and medical therapy methods. Patients with destructive joint disease in the digits can have excellent results with arthrodesis and implant arthroplasty for the DIP and PIP joints and with implant arthroplasty for the basal thumb joints. Surgical reconstruction is an important method in the rehabilitation of this group of individuals. The term 'osteoarthritis' is preferred to 'osteoarthrosis'. PMID- 3899491 TI - Drug treatment of osteoarthritis. PMID- 3899492 TI - Physiatric management of osteoarthritis. PMID- 3899493 TI - Psychology and epistemology: the place versus response controversy. PMID- 3899494 TI - Conservative management of breast cancer by lumpectomy and radiation. PMID- 3899495 TI - Isolation and partial characterization of precursors to minor cartilage collagens. AB - Suspension cultures of cartilage cells were prepared from 17-day chick embryo sterna and radiolabeled with [14C]-proline under conditions which sought to minimize proteolytic conversion of procollagen to collagen. Collagenous proteins were isolated from the culture medium and cell fraction, were purified in their native state by (NH4)2SO4 precipitation and DEAE-cellulose chromatography, and were characterized by protease susceptibility, SDS-gel-filtration and SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Qualitatively, the precursor components present in the medium were similar to those in the cell extract; quantitatively, it appeared that the minor cartilage collagen precursor components derived from 1 alpha, 2 alpha, 3 alpha and type IX collagens were more prevalent in the cell extract. SDS-PAGE of unreduced samples showed that precursors to both of these collagens migrated as distinct high-molecular-weight aggregates. After chymotrypsin digestion, unreduced type IX collagen migrated as two disulfide bonded aggregates--a large one (Mr approximately 210K) and a small one (Mr approximately 43K); whereas 1 alpha, 2 alpha, 3 alpha chains migrated identically whether reduced or unreduced. Reduction of undigested type IX aggregate yielded two components of Mr approximately 97K and 78K; whereas reduction of the chymotrypsin resistant 210K and 43 K aggregates gave a single component of Mr approximately 61K and a component which migrated at the dye front, respectively. The molecular origin of these components was confirmed by differential NaCl precipitation. It was concluded that this culture system synthesized precursors to 1 alpha, 2 alpha, 3 alpha and type IX collagens in addition to type II; type X collagen was not detected even though the 17-day sternum contained a population of cells morphologically similar to hypertrophic chondrocytes. The precursor chains to 1 alpha, 2 alpha, 3 alpha collagen had an apparent Mr greater than pro alpha (II) and could be isolated as a disulfide-bonded aggregate(s); the precursor chains to type IX collagen had an apparent Mr less than pro alpha (II) and could also be isolated as a disulfide-bonded aggregate. All of the cartilage collagen precursors had protease-susceptible regions, but those in type IX appeared to be more sensitive to pepsin than to chymotrypsin. PMID- 3899496 TI - Fibroblast chemotaxis. PMID- 3899497 TI - Hearing in two cricetid rodents: wood rat (Neotoma floridana) and grasshopper mouse (Onychomys leucogaster). AB - The audiograms of two wood rats and three grasshopper mice were determined with a conditioned avoidance procedure. The wood rats were able to hear tones from 940 Hz to 56 kHz at a level of 60 dB (SPL), with their best sensitivity of -3 dB occurring at 8 kHz. The hearing of the grasshopper mice ranged from 1.85 kHz to 69 kHz at 60 dB (SPL), with their best sensitivity of 9 dB also occurring at 8 kHz. These results support the relation between interaural distance and high frequency hearing and between high- and low-frequency hearing. The inability of the grasshopper mouse to hear low frequencies as well as other desert rodents such as kangaroo rats and gerbils demonstrates that not all rodents found in deserts have developed good low-frequency hearing. The degree to which general and specific selective pressures have played a role in the evolution of rodent hearing is discussed. PMID- 3899498 TI - Alteration of the cell surface acid phosphatase concomitant with the morphological transformation in Trypanosoma cruzi. AB - Acid phosphatase activity in Trypanosoma cruzi was found to be located on the external surface of the plasma membranes. Both specific activity and activity per cell of this bound enzyme were significantly higher in the cells of amastigote (an intracellular form) than that of trypomastigote (a bloodstream form) and epimastigote (culture form). During the transformation of epimastigotes to amastigotes in vitro the activity of surface acid phosphatase was elevated concomitant with the increase in population of amastigotes. These results were interpreted as that the elevated enzyme activity is required for the intracellular parasitization of this organism or is a consequence of the morphological transformation. PMID- 3899499 TI - Adaptations of adipose tissue metabolism and number of insulin receptors in pregnant sheep. AB - The endocrine control of adipose tissue metabolism during pregnancy in sheep has been investigated. The number of insulin receptors of sheep adipocytes was increased during pregnancy. There was no apparent change in the concentration of serum insulin during pregnancy in sheep while the rise in serum progesterone concentration was smaller and more gradual than in rats. Net lipid deposition in adipocytes occurred during the first 55 days of pregnancy, probably due primarily to increased lipoprotein lipase activity. Net deposition of lipid had ceased by mid-pregnancy while by 125 days of pregnancy, the rate of fatty acid synthesis in adipose tissue was decreased and the serum fatty acid concentration had risen, suggesting the onset of net lipid mobilization in the tissue. Results are compared with those from other studies with rats; it would appear that different mechanisms regulate lipid deposition during pregnancy in sheep and rats. PMID- 3899500 TI - CADIAG: approaches to computer-assisted medical diagnosis. AB - CADIAG-1 is a medical expert system, based on a symbolic logic representation of medical relationships. Strong relationships such as confirming, excluding or obligatory occurrence are applied to confirm or exclude diagnoses. Weak relationships are represented by facultative and not confirming relationships (FN relationships). Diagnostic hypotheses are established by systematic combination of symptoms showing FN-relationships. CADIAG-2, a medical expert system based on fuzzy set theory and fuzzy logic, allows detailed specification of medical relationships. Here the diagnostic process also provides confirmed and excluded diagnoses as well as diagnostic hypotheses. Hypotheses are calculated by considering fuzzy relationships between medical entities. 426 cases with rheumatic and 47 cases with pancreatic diseases were tested. For CADIAG-1, the overall accuracy for confirmation and hypothesis generation is calculated with 91.1% for rheumatic diseases and 100% for pancreatic diseases. CADIAG-2 reached an overall accuracy of 93.7% for rheumatic cases and 91.5% for pancreatic cases. PMID- 3899501 TI - Software package for the quantitative image analysis of histological sections. AB - A software package of general interest, and adapted to the analysis of histological sections has been written. The different programs of this package have been classified into four groups: macroanalysis, selection of fields, analysis, and data processing. The macroanalysis allows the acquisition of topographical information that will be used during the selection of fields and the analysis. Mapping programs have been added to the classical data processing of the measured parameters (statistical calculations, edition of values, histograms, graphs, .. .). They allow the generation of parametric images representing the distribution of particular elements in the section, or the topographical variations of calculated parameters. The recombination of information obtained at different magnifications, and the correlation of information of different types is thus possible and of great interest in the study of complex histological structures. PMID- 3899502 TI - A computerized system for the identification of alloimmune neutropenia in neonates. AB - In an attempt to determine the incidence of alloimmune neonatal neutropenia, a systematic study was initiated during a period of six months. Complete blood count, differential and absolute neutrophil count of all the newborns were determined to identify the newborns with neutropenia and those with persistent neutropenia were evaluated for the presence of maternal neutrophil antibodies. This resulted in the design and use of a computerized system which was successfully employed to identify several neonates born with this disorder. The system includes a main program and eight functional options, and is operated under a secret authority code so that patients' data are accessible only to the investigators. The major functional options are: create, display, update and delete a record for the newborn; display most recent neutropenic babies; search all records and display name and ID number; search all records for a given year and display data; and perform statistics. The statistical analysis includes the total number of babies, both normal and those with neutropenia, the total number of babies with neutropenia and with/without sepsis, and those with persistent neutropenia. Also included are the hematological data consisting of complete blood count and differential of all of the newborns. Several possibilities exist to expand and extend the program for additional research-related purposes. PMID- 3899503 TI - Relative potency of progestins used in oral contraceptives. AB - Epidemiologic studies indicate that the risk of complications with oral contraceptive use is related to the steroid content and potency of the various formulations. This paper summarizes human data in which potencies of progestins in oral contraceptives can be compared. Data on delay of menses and endometrial subnuclear vacuolization, an indirect assessment of glycogen deposition, are presented. The relative effects of various progestins on serum lipids and lipoproteins are also summarized. The object of this review is to examine the available scientific evidence which generally supports the conclusion that there is a marked similarity of potency of the dose of various progestins used in many of the formulations currently available in the U.S. The progestins norethindrone, norethindrone acetate and ethynodiol diacetate are roughly equivalent in potency while norgestrel is roughly five to ten times and levonorgestrel ten to 20 times as potent. PMID- 3899504 TI - Vaginal administration of a combined oral contraceptive containing norethisterone acetate. AB - The effects of vaginal administration of an oral contraceptive pill containing 1 mg of norethisterone acetate and 0.05 mg of ethinyl oestradiol were studied in 20 subjects for a total of 57 cycles. The results show effective ovulation suppression in the two dose regimens used. The lower dose regimen was associated with fewer side effects and no breakthrough bleeding. No significant change was observed in the serum concentration of glucose, total proteins, albumin, cholesterol and HDL after several cycles of treatment in both dose regimens used. It is concluded that vaginal administration of this preparation of oral contraceptives is an effective alternative method of hormonal contraception. PMID- 3899505 TI - Group B-beta haemolytic streptococcal colonization in women using intrauterine contraceptive devices. AB - Two-hundred-and-eighteen gynaecological patients were screened for group B-beta haemolytic streptococci (GBS) colonization of the vagina, cervix, urethra and rectum. The overall colonization rate was 17%. There is no relation between the rate of colonization and the patient's age or parity. The colonization rate among the intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) users (31%) is significantly higher than the non-users (14.5%). The IUCD does not cause GBS vaginal colonization. Nevertheless, its presence helps the microorganisms' vertical spread through the cervical canal. The short duration of IUCD use among the Saudi patients may have provided a protective mechanisms against the development of PID. All the four sites were colonized in the IUCD users and only in 8.1% of the non-users. The urethra was the most common site involved in both groups (83.8%). A higher incidence of GBS colonization was found among patients presenting with excessive vaginal discharge as the main complaint. The presence of excessive vaginal discharge is a significant factor towards the spread of the microorganism to the cervix and urethra. Therefore, an IUCD user with excessive vaginal discharge has a higher chance of getting cervical and urethral colonization. PMID- 3899506 TI - IUD insertion following induced abortion. AB - In a multicenter survey, women who received an IUD immediately after abortion were compared with abortion patients who started using oral contraception. Additionally, women receiving a Nova T were compared with women receiving a Multiload 250. Follow-up data were gathered after 6 weeks. Pain was a common phenomenon post-abortum. In the study group of IUD users, complaints about pain were not more frequent than among controls, but if pain was experienced, it was more intense and of longer duration among IUD users. Bleeding immediately following the induced abortion was less frequent among IUD users, but if bleeding occurred, it tended to last longer. The first menstrual period after the induced abortion was heavier and more painful among IUD users. Expulsion of the IUD occurred in 10 cases (3.3%), all of them with the Nova T, none with Multiload. The study did not generate evidence for an increased risk of PID in women receiving an IUD after an induced abortion. PMID- 3899507 TI - Using MEDLINE for perusing the literature: software and search interface of interest to the medical professional. PMID- 3899508 TI - pH-dependent processes in proteins. AB - Recent improvements in the understanding of electrostatic interactions in proteins serve as a focus for the general topic of pH-dependent processes in proteins. The general importance of pH-dependent processes is first set out in terms of hydrogen ion equilibria, stability, ligand interactions, assembly, dynamics, and events in related molecular systems. The development of various theoretical treatments includes various formalisms in addition to the solvent interface model developed by Shire et al. as an extension of the Tanford-Kirkwood treatment. A number of detailed applications of the model are presented and future potentialities are sketched. PMID- 3899509 TI - Application of cytogenetics in neoplastic diseases. AB - This review will concern itself with the application of cytogenetic findings in neoplastic diseases. This application can be divided into two general categories: practical and theoretical. The practical applications reside in utilizing karyotypic changes, particularly in leukemias and lymphomas, not only for diagnostic purposes but also for predicting response to therapy and prognosis. This is especially evident in the various acute nonlymphocytic leukemias and in most of the acute lymphoblastic leukemias. Thus, a definite correlation exists between the cytogenetic findings and the various clinical, laboratory, and cytologic parameters of most of the leukemias. Undoubtedly, these leukemias will ultimately be classified and defined more in terms of their cytogenetic aspects than any other. Though the application in lymphoma is not at the same level as that in leukemia, developments in that field certainly indicate a similar utilization of the cytogenetic findings in these diseases. The presence or absence of a Ph1 chromosome in a chronic myelocytic leukemia has been utilized widely, not only in the diagnosis but also in the predictability of response; the cytogenetic findings have also been utilized in predicting the blastic phase of disease. The list of specific chromosome changes in various solid tumors is of a lesser number, but significant developments indicate that the applicability of chromosome changes in these diseases will, also, be established in the near future. The application of chromosome findings to theoretical aspects of malignancy has assumed an important place recently in the demonstration that so called oncogenes (or proto-oncogenes) are located or associated with areas of human chromosomes in which breaks and translocations are involved. Thus, it appears that chromosome changes in human malignancy, once their specificity is established, are important parameters in the clinical and theoretical aspects of the disease. A discussion will also be given on primary vs. secondary chromosome changes and their significance in the biology and behavior of the malignancy. PMID- 3899510 TI - Patterns and mechanisms of localized bone invasion by tumors: studies with squamous carcinomas of the head and neck. AB - Squamous carcinomas of the head and neck provide a useful model for analyzing patterns and mechanisms of tumor-associated bone destruction. Morphological studies show that a major part of the invasive process is mediated by local osteoclasts which erode bone in front of the advancing tumor. Functional studies indicate that both fresh tumors and tumor cell lines resorb calvarial bone in an in vitro test system, again by stimulating local osteoclasts. Prostaglandins of the E2 type are regularly released by the tumors, together with indomethacin resistant, nonprostaglandin osteolysins. Control (nonneoplastic) tissues will resorb bone and release osteolytic factors, usually at lower levels of activity- such properties are thus tumor-associated rather than tumor-specific. Xenografts of squamous carcinomas resorb bone in vitro and synthesize osteolysins. They do not invade local bone in their hosts but some grafts regularly produce a systemic hypercalcemia. General implications are discussed, particularly for other human tumors which more frequently metastasize to bone. Possible pointers to the (partial) control of the destructive process are noted. PMID- 3899511 TI - C1-inhibitor--biochemical properties and clinical applications. AB - C1-inhibitor (C1-INH) is an alpha-2-neuraminoglycoprotein with a molecular weight of 105,000 daltons. It has a broad spectrum control of the many blood cascades including the complement system. Inherited deficiency of this molecule has been associated with the development of hereditary angioneurotic edema (HANE), a dominant genetic disorder. The liver and monocytes are the primary sites of C1 INH synthesis. The genetic basis of dysfunctional C1-INH is a defect at the structural locus for one C1-INH gene; both the dysfunctional C1-INH gene and the normal C1-INH gene products are present in the plasma of the affected person. The absence of C1-INH permits spontaneous activation of the first component of the complement system (C1); this, in turn, activates C4 and C2. A kinin derived from C2 may be elaborated, which then increases vascular permeability. However, recent investigations have indicated that kinin activity generated from C1-INH-depleted plasma is not derived from C2 but implicates kallikrein, an enzyme which is also controlled by C1-INH, in the formation of a kinin which is most probably bradykinin. A number of therapeutic approaches have been used to treat HANE patients, including antifribrinolytic drugs such as tranexamic acid, plasma infusion, and steroids. The anabolic steroids such as danazol and stanazolol have been used widely to treat HANE patients. We discuss in this review the potential mechanisms by which danazol promotes selective synthesis of C1-INH and several other proteins in the liver. PMID- 3899512 TI - B-cell subsets: functional and structural characteristics. AB - The review will examine B-cell differentiation with an emphasis on B-cell subpopulations. We will begin with an analysis of current evidence concerning B cell ontogeny. The development of the B-cell repertoire will be traced from stem cell to effector cells. The CBA/N mouse, which expresses an X-linked immunodeficiency, will serve as a basis for discussing the delineation of B cells into subpopulations. The CBA/N mouse provides evidence for distinct populations of B cells which can be differentiated by cell surface antigens as well as function. We intend to focus on the functional diversity of B-cell subpopulations and how they develop. The CBA/N mouse is not the only evidence for distinct B cell subpopulations and we will attempt to organize these data into a coherent story of B-cell subsets. PMID- 3899513 TI - Human monocytes and macrophages: establishment and analysis of cloned populations and functional cell lines. AB - Human monocytes and macrophages are heterogeneous cell populations, with numerous functions and activities. In the present work we review some new in vitro studies which made possible the development and research of cloned populations of macrophages and functional cell lines. Peripheral blood monocytes were cloned in semisolid media and the cloned monocyte/macrophage populations were analyzed for the expression of various markers. Based on the analysis of cloned populations of monocytes and on additional studies of macrophage functions and markers, we suggest the possibility that the human monocytes represent a unique multifunctional population, expressing reversible changes in functions and markers. The occurrence of stable subsets of cells could not be demonstrated by these methods. Cultures of human monocytes and mature macrophages could be maintained in vitro for long periods of time, but only a few studies reported the continuous proliferation of monocytes in culture. We describe here an approach for immortalization of monocytes by heterologous somatic cell hybridization. This method yielded monocyte hybrid cell lines which preserved some macrophage characteristics. The hybrid cell lines could be used for the isolation and study of monokines and for cytogenetic analysis of macrophage markers and functions. PMID- 3899514 TI - Discovery and implications of the immunogenicity of free small synthetic peptides: powerful tools for manipulating the immune system and for production of antibodies and T cells of preselected submolecular specificities. AB - Recent studies from this laboratory have found, contrary to a long-held belief, that synthetic peptides of a protein, as small as six residues, when immunized in their free form (i.e., without coupling to any carrier), elicit the formation of antibodies with submolecular binding specificities to preselected protein regions. These peptides could represent either the antigenic sites of the protein or surface regions that are not immunogenic when the intact protein is the antigen. In either case, the antibodies bind specifically to the intact protein, exclusively at the region used in immunization. Monoclonal antibodies with preselected specificities can also be produced by hybridoma technology from the spleens of the immunized animals. Furthermore, free synthetic peptides have been employed to generate T-cell lines and T-cell clones with specificities to preselected immunogenic locations and also to induce tolerance to such preselected locations. These fascinating breakthroughs indicate that free synthetic peptides may be used in the future as powerful tools in basic investigations and in therapeutic and diagnostic applications. PMID- 3899515 TI - Nutritional composition, processing, and utilization of horse gram and moth bean. AB - Horse gram and moth bean are the unexploited legumes of the tropics and subtropics grown mostly under dry-land agriculture. The chemical composition is comparable with commonly cultivated legumes. Like other legumes, these are deficient in methionine and tryptophan. Horse gram is an excellent source of iron and molybdenum. Comparatively, horse gram seeds have higher trypsin inhibitor and hemagglutinin activities and polyphenols than moth bean seeds. Dehusking, germination, cooking, and roasting have been shown to produce beneficial effects on nutritional quality of both the legumes. Both the legumes require prolonged cooking to obtain product of acceptable nature. A soak solution (1.5% NaHCO3 + 0.5% Na2CO3 + 0.75% citric acid) treatment has been shown to reduce cooking time and improve protein quality. Moth bean is mostly consumed as dhal or sprouts. The whole seeds of horse gram are generally utilized as cattle feed. However, it is consumed as a whole seed, sprouts, or whole meal by a large population in rural areas of southern India. Medical uses of these legumes have been discussed. PMID- 3899516 TI - Functionality of muscle proteins in gelation mechanisms of structured meat products. AB - Recent advances in muscle biology concerning the discoveries of a large variety of proteins have been described in this review. The existence of polymorphism in several muscle proteins is now well established. Various isoforms of myosin not only account for the difference in physiological functions and biochemical activity of different fiber types or muscles, but also seem to differ in functional properties in food systems. The functionality of various muscle proteins, especially myosin and actin in the gelation process in modal systems which simulate structured meat products, is discussed at length. Besides, the role of different subunits and subfragments of myosin molecule in the gelation mechanism, and the various factors affecting heat-induced gelation of actomyosin in modal systems are also highlighted. Finally, the areas which need further investigation in this discipline have been suggested. PMID- 3899517 TI - Capsicum production, technology, chemistry, and quality. Part 1: History, botany, cultivation, and primary processing. AB - The genus Capsicum (Fam. Solanaceae) was known to ancient cultures and was more recently historically associated with the discovery of the New World. This genus provides many species and varieties used in flavoring foods popular in the cuisines of many parts of the world. From the pungent chilli to the colorful paprika and the bell pepper, with its remarkable aroma, the genus is of great interest for its chemistry, sensory attributes, and physiological action. The Capsicums, among the spices, are second only to black pepper in trade both in volume and value. The production of the different pungency forms, the processed seasonings, and the concentrated oleoresins, through technologically advanced processes and in specified standard grades, are critically reviewed. The pungency of Capsicum fruits, its evaluation, chemical structure relationship, its increasing acceptance and preference by a variety of populations are of great research interest. The wide traditional use in the growing regions and its intense physiological effects have attracted the attention of researchers of many different disciplines. These aspects are reviewed in four sequential parts. Part I deals with history, botany, cultivation, and primary processing. PMID- 3899518 TI - A review of the environmental and mammalian toxicology of nitrilotriacetic acid. AB - This article provides a review of available information on the chemistry, environmental toxicology, and mammalian toxicology of nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA). The ability of NTA to chelate metal ions such as Mg++ and Ca++ into water soluble complexes makes NTA useful as an additive to boiler water, as a builder in laundry detergents, and as a stabilizer in textile, paper, and pulp processing. Environmental fate studies show NTA biodegrades in wastewater treatment plants, in natural waters, and in soils under a wide variety of conditions. Studies on the environmental effects of NTA indicate that no adverse effects occur in treatment plants or receiving waters at anticipated levels. Monitoring programs have established that only low steady-state concentrations of NTA occur in natural waters as a result of NTA usage. In mammalian systems, NTA is not metabolized and is excreted rapidly by filtration in the kidney. No reproductive, teratogenic, or adverse bone effects have been observed at highly exaggerated doses. In numerous genotoxicity assay systems, both in vivo and in vitro, NTA is nongenotoxic. Chronic oral exposure of rodents to high doses of NTA is associated with tumorigenicity in, and restricted to, the urinary tract. The urinary tract tumors are the consequence of chronic toxicity that is caused by changes in Zn and Ca distributions between the urinary tract tissues and urine at high doses of NTA. Thresholds for the effects of NTA on Zn and Ca distributions are 10(5) to 10(6) greater than the possible maximum human exposure resulting from the low levels of NTA that are known to occur in the environment. PMID- 3899519 TI - Carcinogenicity and modification of the carcinogenic response by BHA, BHT, and other antioxidants. AB - Carcinogenicity tests showed that addition of the antioxidant BHA to the diet of F344 rats induced high incidences of papilloma and squamous cell carcinoma of the forestomach of both sexes. Male hamsters given BHA for 24 weeks also developed papilloma showing downward growth into the submucosa of the forestomach. These results indicate that BHA should be classified in the category of "sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity" as judged by IARC criteria. The 3-tert isomer of BHA seemed to be responsible for the carcinogenicity of crude BHA in the forestomach of rats. BHT was not found to be carcinogenic in rats or mice. In two-stage carcinogenesis in rats after appropriate initiation, BHA enhanced carcinogenesis in the forestomach and urinary bladder of rats, but inhibited carcinogenesis in the liver. BHT enhanced the induction of urinary bladder tumors and inhibited that of liver tumors, but had no effect on carcinogenesis in the forestomach. BHT could be a promoter of thyroid carcinogenesis. Sodium L-ascorbate enhanced forestomach and urinary bladder carcinogenesis. Ethoxyquin enhanced kidney and urinary bladder carcinogenesis, but inhibited liver carcinogenesis. Thus, these antioxidants modify two-stage chemical carcinogenesis in the forestomach, liver, kidney, urinary bladder, and thyroid, but show organ-specific differences in effects. PMID- 3899520 TI - Exposure to toxic agents: the heme biosynthetic pathway and hemoproteins as indicator. AB - The heme biosynthetic pathway is closely controlled by levels of the end product of the pathway, namely, heme, and porphyrins are normally formed in only trace amounts. When control mechanisms are disturbed by xenobiotics, porphyrins accumulate and serve as a signal of the interaction between a xenobiotic and the heme biosynthetic pathway. For example, an increase in erythrocyte protoporphyrin is a useful measurement for early detection of exposure to lead and porphyrinuria was an early manifestation of a hexachlorobenzene-induced porphyria in Turkey. In recent years a variety of additional xenobiotics has been shown to interact with the heme biosynthetic pathway, namely, halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons, pesticides, sulfides, and a variety of metals. Moreover, different xenobiotics (e.g., dihydropyridines and compounds containing unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds) interact with the prosthetic heme of cytochrome P-450 forming novel N alkylporphyrins. PMID- 3899521 TI - Adherence of Candida to corneal surface. AB - In the pathogenesis of mycotic infections, adherence of the microbes to surface structures prior to invasion appears to be the initial and essential step in a susceptible host. Adherence and inhibition of adherence of Candida albicans to rabbit corneal surface was investigated in vitro by light and scanning electron microscopic examinations. The results indicate that blastospores of Candida albicans rarely bind to intact corneal epithelium, but consistently adhere to stroma denuded of epithelium. Such adherence was inhibited by concanavalin A. With its strong affinity for the yeast cell wall carbohydrate mannan, concanavalin A may block the site of attachment of yeast cells to the corneal surface. PMID- 3899522 TI - History of the BALB/c family. PMID- 3899523 TI - Interaction of Nocardia asteroides in BALB/c mice: modulation of macrophage function, enzyme activity and the induction of immunologically specific T-cell bactericidal activity. PMID- 3899524 TI - Some unusual genetic characteristics of BALB/c and evidence for genetic variation among BALB/c substrains. PMID- 3899525 TI - Chromosome mapping of genes on the short arm of human chromosome 11: parathyroid hormone gene is at 11p15 together with the genes for insulin, c-Harvey-ras 1, and beta-hemoglobin. AB - The human parathyroid hormone gene (PTH) was mapped to the 11p15 chromosomal band by in situ hybridization. Using the same procedures and cells, the closely linked beta-hemoglobin gene (HBB), the Harvey-ras 1 proto-oncogene (HRAS1), and the insulin gene (INS) were also mapped to this same region. Some reports have demonstrated differences in regional localization of the latter three genes, and linkage and molecular studies have not resolved how far this linkage group extends from p15 toward the centromere on the physical gene map. Our results show that all of these genes are localized at 11p15, a region of one chromosomal band that appears to comprise a genetic distance of more than 20 cM. PMID- 3899526 TI - Tumor-associated and spontaneous lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity against cell lines derived from human urothelium. PMID- 3899527 TI - The significance of platelet-associated immunoglobulin G in non-thrombocytopenic patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - The possible pathogenetic significance of platelet-associated immunoglobulin G in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has been studied, using a semiquantitative immunofluorescence technique. The study included 22 patients suffering from SLE during the period 1973-81. Thirteen patients had various clinical and/or laboratory signs of disease activity at the time of investigation, but none showed thrombocyte values below the normal range. A positive reaction for platelet-associated immunoglobulin in serum (indirect PlIgG) was demonstrated in 73 percent of the cases and in two patients on their own platelets also (direct PlIgG). The study included investigation of ANA (80% positive) and anti-DNA (positive in three patients only). A significant negative correlation was found between indirect PlIgG and platelet count and between ANA (/IgG or IgM) and platelet count. Indirect PlIgG correlated with known expressions of disease activity, as high ESR and low Hb, and in patients with direct PlIgG, several markers of disease activity were found to be present. It is concluded that PlIgG may be of pathogenetic importance and can be used as a marker of disease activity. PMID- 3899528 TI - Hemodynamic and myocardial metabolic consequences of PEEP. AB - The cardiac effects of positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) were examined in 50 patients six hours after elective coronary bypass surgery. Increasing the level of PEEP from 5 to 10 to 15 cm H2O decreased cardiac index (evaluated by thermodilution), stroke index and left ventricular end diastolic volume index without a change in left ventricular ejection fraction (evaluated by nuclear ventriculography). Right ventricular end diastolic volume index remained unchanged. Coronary sinus blood flow (measured by the continuous thermodilution technique) and myocardial oxygen and lactate consumption were unchanged with the application of 15 cm H2O PEEP. In 21 patients, volume loading (250 ml [mL] of plasma) was performed at 5 cm, and again at 15 cm H2O PEEP. Volume loading produced a similar increase in cardiac volumes and cardiac index at 5 and 15 cm H2O PEEP. Right and left ventricular performance and left ventricular systolic function were not altered by PEEP (by analyses of covariance). Coronary sinus blood flow and myocardial oxygen consumption increased with volume loading at 5 and 15 cm H2O of PEEP, but myocardial lactate utilization tended to increase at 5 cm, and decrease at 15 cm H2O PEEP (p = 0.08). Of the 33 patients who underwent complete hemodynamic and metabolic measurements, 16 increased cardiac lactate utilization at 15 cm H2O PEEP and 17 decreased cardiac lactate utilization at 15 cm H2O PEEP. PEEP decreased cardiac index, perhaps by reducing left but not right ventricular volumes. Volume loading during PEEP restored cardiac index and revealed no depression in myocardial performance or systolic function. With the application of PEEP, myocardial metabolism was maintained in half the patients, but ischemic metabolism was observed in the other half. PMID- 3899529 TI - Assisted ventilation in patients with preexisting cardiopulmonary disease. The effect on systemic oxygen consumption, oxygen transport, and tissue perfusion variables. AB - We have evaluated systemic oxygen consumption (VO2), systemic oxygen transport, and tissue perfusion variables in 30 patients with preexisting cardiac and underlying pulmonary disease during continuous positive-pressure ventilation and positive end-expiratory pressure [PEEP], during intermittent mandatory ventilation (IMV and PEEP), and during spontaneous ventilation (continuous positive airway pressure [CPAP]), with end-expiratory pressure held constant during all ventilatory modes. Using radionuclide angiography together with invasive determinations of pressure and flow, we also measured left and right ventricular ejection fractions and calculated the end-systolic (ESVI) and end diastolic (EDVI) volume indices of both ventricles. We found that oxygen transport was significantly greater during CPAP (583 +/- 172 ml/min/M2)(mean +/- SD) than during either IMV and PEEP (543 +/- 151 ml/min/sq; p less than 0.01) or CPPV and PEEP (526 +/- 159 ml/min/M2; p less than 0.01); however, we found no significant change in systemic VO2 with conversion from CPPV and PEEP to CPAP. The increase in oxygen transport was related to a greater cardiac index and, more specifically, to a higher heart rate during CPAP (CPAP, 106 +/- 16 beats per minute; CPPV and PEEP, 97 +/- 14 beats per minute) (p less than 0.01). Enhanced oxygen transport during CPAP was also associated with an increase in mixed venous oxygenation and a decrease in arterial lactate. Although neither the mean left ventricular EDVI nor ESVI changed from CPPV and PEEP to CPAP, the mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressure increased (CPPV and PEEP, 12 +/- 5 mm Hg; CPAP, 14 +/- 7 mm Hg) (p less than 0.01), suggesting the possibility of a decrease in left ventricular compliance with the spontaneous ventilatory mode. This study suggests that in the absence of ventilatory failure, spontaneous ventilation provides for better systemic oxygen transport and overall tissue perfusion than either controlled ventilation or IMV; however, this benefit of enhanced oxygen delivery with spontaneous ventilation may potentially be offset by a decrease in left ventricular compliance. PMID- 3899530 TI - Inspiratory work and airway pressure with continuous positive airway pressure delivery systems. AB - To determine work-of breathing with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) delivery systems, we used a lung model to simulate spontaneous breathing. "Additional work" during tidal breathing was derived by comparing change in airway pressure with change in tidal volume. Seven demand-flow CPAP delivery systems were compared with one continuous-flow, 5-L reservoir-bag system (flow of 60 L/min to maintain positive airway pressure). It was concluded that demand-flow CPAP delivery systems vary widely in the amount of additional work required of a patient. When a lung model is used, some demand-flow systems perform as well as, or better than, a continuous-flow reservoir-bag system. PMID- 3899531 TI - Some short-term effects of changing to lower yield cigarettes. AB - The rate of clearance from the lung of the hydrophilic tracer molecule 99mTc DTPA was used to investigate the short-term effects on lung epithelial function when smokers switched to cigarettes with lower yields of tobacco smoke constituents. Two separate studies were performed. In the first study, subjects smoked conventional mid- and low-tar cigarettes. The second study used two specially manufactured cigarettes with similar tar and nicotine yields, but differing carbon monoxide yields. Neither study demonstrated any significant improvement in 99mTc DTPA clearance. The yields of carbon monoxide determined under standard machine smoking conditions implied that there would be a 44 percent reduction in exposure to carbon monoxide when subjects switched from smoking conventional mid tar to low-tar cigarettes. However, measurements of carboxyhemoglobin showed that the smokers compensated for the lower yields and their exposure was reduced by only 11 percent. Similarly, in the second study, the subjects reduced their exposure by 7 percent instead of the expected 44 percent. Urine nicotine/cotinine excretion measurements in this study indicated that there was no complimentary increase in nicotine absorption suggesting the possibility that subjects may be able to regulate their intake of individual components of the cigarette smoke. Thus, the unexpected result from this study was the finding that cigarette smokers could, in some way, regulate their intake of smoke from cigarettes of different composition so as to maintain a constant exposure of smoke constituents. PMID- 3899532 TI - The uncertain role of the neutrophil in increased permeability pulmonary edema. AB - The intrapulmonic accumulation of neutrophils is a relatively common finding in certain animal models of increased permeability pulmonary edema and in humans with the adult respiratory distress syndrome. The release of toxic oxygen radicals from these cells can result in acute lung injury. Whether these cells mediate the increased permeability in all models of increased permeability pulmonary edema remains controversial. This review will examine the role of the neutrophils in various models of increased permeability pulmonary edema. PMID- 3899533 TI - Chronic airflow limitation: its relationship to work in dusty occupations. AB - The classic diseases of dusty occupations may be on the decline, but this is not the case for chronic nonmalignant lung disease characterized by airflow limitation. This group of diseases, almost certainly multifactorial in etiology, occurs in those engaged in dusty occupations as well as in those who are not. Among the environmental factors concerned, cigarette smoking is clearly one of the most important, but occupational exposures are increasingly implicated. It is also clear that not all with similar exposures are affected, pointing to the importance of host or personal factors. Evidence is now accumulating in support of what has been called the Dutch hypothesis. This explanation of the natural history of chronic airflow limitation suggests that an "asthmatic tendency" is a necessary factor whether the putative exposure is to cigarettes or to other airborne pollutants. Further research should therefore be directed towards clarifying the relationships of acute and chronic airway dysfunction in response to airborne pollutants of all types. PMID- 3899534 TI - Pneumocystis pneumonia increases the clearance rate of inhaled 99mTc DTPA from lung to blood. AB - Despite no radiographic change, a patient with Pneumocystis pneumonia showed increased clearance of inhaled 99mTc DTPA from lung to blood. Gas transfer for carbon monoxide was also reduced, but improved with treatment. This was paralleled by serial increase in the t1/2 LB. PMID- 3899535 TI - Left innominate vein stenosis as a late complication of central vein catheterization. AB - A patient was seen for acute exercise-induced left superior limb swelling. Phlebography disclosed left innominate vein stenosis and the lack of subclavian vein thrombosis. Ten months earlier, the patient underwent repeated and prolonged central vein catheterization procedures. No other cause of central vein stenosis was evidenced. Emphasis is placed on the symptomatic presenting event, the very late discovery, and the site of stenosis. PMID- 3899536 TI - Failure of ketoconazole in an immunosuppressed patient with pulmonary blastomycosis. AB - A renal transplant recipient presented with pulmonary blastomycosis. Because of recent data suggesting a role for ketoconazole in the treatment of blastomycosis and concern for preserving her functioning renal transplant, she was started on therapy with ketoconazole, 400 mg daily. After four months of continuous therapy, she developed skin and laryngeal involvement requiring emergency tracheostomy; subsequent therapy with amphotericin B resulted in resolution of her disease. This is an example of life-threatening progression of blastomycosis in an immunosuppressed patient during ketoconazole therapy. PMID- 3899537 TI - Endothelial function in clinical pulmonary hypertension. AB - The endothelium regulates the concentrations of several types of vasoactive substances that affect pulmonary vascular tone, and endothelia can oppose vasoconstriction in some circumstances by releasing vasodilators. To assess some of these endothelial functions in patients with pulmonary hypertension, we made measurements of selected vasoactive substances before and during attempts at pharmacologic vasodilatation. Studies were performed in 16 patients (1 1/2 to 23 years of age) with either idiopathic pulmonary hypertension (n = 11) or pulmonary hypertension as a consequence of unexpected early pulmonary vascular disease accompanying congenital heart defects (n = 5). In six of ten children, norepinephrine levels were elevated, and in two of the six, the concentrations of norepinephrine were greater in the aorta than in the pulmonary artery. In four out of 16 patients, thromboxane levels were increased, and in three of the four, the concentrations of thromboxane were greater in the aorta than in the pulmonary artery. These concentration gradients suggest pulmonary release of these vasoconstrictors. Identification of the contribution to pulmonary vasoconstriction made by changes in the endothelial metabolism of vasoactive substances may lead to a more fundamental understanding of the control of the pulmonary circulation, and hence lead to more specific modes of therapy for pulmonary hypertension. PMID- 3899539 TI - Transported to Van Diemen's Land: the boys of the Frances Charlotte (1832) and Lord Goderich (1841). AB - From the logs of ships transporting convicts from Great Britain to Australia in the early nineteenth century, records of 2 ships carrying juveniles have been transcribed. Data on the backgrounds of the boys and height data are presented and analyzed. Comparisons are made with nineteenth- and twentieth-century data sets. Caution is expressed about limitations of the data, which constitute a sample stratified by age whose differences in means are sometimes anomalous. PMID- 3899538 TI - Epidemiology of child psychiatric disorder: methodological issues and some substantive findings. PMID- 3899540 TI - Transformation of Erwinia chrysanthemi by Escherichia coli plasmids DNA. AB - We have demonstrated in this study that CaCl2-MnCl2 treatment is effective in the preparation of competent cells of Erwinia chrysanthemi for transformation. Plasmids pMB9 and pBR322, which are of Escherichia coli origins, were transformed into E. chrysanthemi at frequencies of 1.5 X 10(-7) and 4.5 X 10(-7) per recipient, respectively. The frequencies were 60- to 80-fold lower than those in the well established rec- E. coli; however, the procedure is practically useful in transformation experiments. The plasmids were maintained rather stable in the cells if antibiotics were included in the media. When transformed by pECl and pEC6, which were chimeric plasmids consisting of pBR322 and an E. chrysanthemi chromosomal DNA fragment of 2.4 and 3.5 Mdal, respectively, the transformation frequencies of E. chrysanthemi were at the same range of that by pBR322. Neither colony morphology nor the polypectate degradation ability was changed after transformation by the plasmids. In conclusion, we have established a system of molecular cloning in E. chrysanthemi SR120A exploiting pBR322 as a vector. PMID- 3899541 TI - [The relationship between indicator bacteria and pathogens in food safety]. AB - 57 specimens of raw foods and 143 specimens of ready to eat foods were examined for microbial contamination in a period from October, 1982 to September, 1983. The results showed that 26% of the raw foods and 24% of the ready to eat foods didn't meet the government's requirement. When TAPC less than 10(6) CFU/g is used as acceptable level, then 60% of the raw foods and 46% of the ready to eat foods are unsatisfactory. The appearance of pathogenic bacteria in foods increased when the TAPC rised, although only the emergence of S. aureus was statistically significant. The number of indicator bacteria in the foods examined didn't show any correlation with the existence of pathogenic bacteria, indicating that the presence of coliform bacteria and E. coli in foods could hardly serve as parameters for evaluating food safety. PMID- 3899542 TI - Establishment and characterization of a new human lymphoma-derived cell line--HBL 2. AB - A new human B-cell lymphoma-derived cell line, designated HBL-2, was established from peripheral blood of a 17-year-old male during terminal leukemic phase. HBL-2 cells were single cell suspensions when cultured in RPMI 1640 with 10% fetal calf serum promoting a doubling time of about 20 hours. Cell marker studies revealed Ia and surface immunoglobulin positive, cytoplasmic immunoglobulin and Epstein Barr nuclear antigen negative. Chromosome analysis showed a male aneuploid karyotype with 14q+ and other abnormal markers. Under electron microscopy, the cells exhibited clear nucleoli, fine chromatin, and were in a primary differentiated state. The establishment of HBL-2 cell line provides a powerful tool in studying the oncogenesis of B-cell malignancy. PMID- 3899543 TI - [Clinical evaluation of a domestically prepared enzyme immunoassay kit for the detection of hepatitis B surface antigen]. AB - National Institute of Preventive Medicine (NIPM) has succeeded in the development of an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) kit for detection of hepatitis B surface antigen. The sandwich principle was used for the test. Guinea pig anti-HBs IgG was used for coating microtiter plates and Horseradish peroxidase was conjugated with goat specific anti-HBs. Its stability is longer than 4 months. The lowest detectable dose is 0.7 ng/ml or better for subtype ad of HBsAg tested with Hepatitis Sensitivity Panel, Bureau of Drug and Food, Department of Health. The regression curve was determined by testing 66 samples with Auszyme II (EIA Kit. Abbott Lab.) and NIPM Kit, while Auszyme II used as a reference kit. The two EIA kits correlated well with a coefficient of determination (r2) of 0.86. Evaluation on 1,157 patients' and officers' serum samples in Tri-Service General Hospital showed that the positive rate was 24.7% (286/1,157) by RIA (Clinical Assays, Travenol Lab., USA) and that of NIPM EIA Kit was 24.4% (282/1,157). There was no statistical significance in terms of positive rate (p greater than 0.05). The positive rates of 534 blood donors are 22.1% (118/534) and 21.9% (117/534) respectively. Another evaluation on 974 serum samples in National Taiwan University Hospital showed that the positive rate was 27.2% (265/974) by Ausria II-125 (RIA. Abbott Lab.) and that of NIPM EIA Kit was 27.4% (267/974). The undetectable rate and false positive rate of NIPM EIA Kit were 0.41% (4/974) and 0.62% (6/974) respectively. In comparison with four other kind of commercial EIA Kits, the results of NIPM EIA Kit were satisfactory also. We have scaled up the reagent preparations for the kit, except the antibody coated microtiter plate preparation. At the end of March 1985 we will supply 850 EIA kits for the Development Center for Biotechnology for their hepatitis B vaccine production program. PMID- 3899544 TI - [Granulomatous tumor foreign body reaction of the greater omentum]. PMID- 3899545 TI - [Value of diagnostic procedures and after care problems in local and regional recurrence of tumors of the gastrointestinal system]. PMID- 3899546 TI - [Economic aspects of ultrasound diagnosis. A retrospective study exemplified by cholecystolithiasis]. AB - Cholecystolithiasis is a good example to show the economic effects of using ultrasonography consequently as one of the first diagnostic procedures. In this way it is possible to reduce the examination costs about 50% for the out-patient as well as for the diagnosis during the hospital stay. PMID- 3899547 TI - [Obstructive jaundice 64 years after a grenade splinter injury of the liver]. PMID- 3899548 TI - Monoclonal antibody to a protein of the nucleus and mitotic spindle of mammalian cells. Localization and synthesis throughout the cell cycle. AB - We report here the isolation of a monoclonal antibody, J17, that reacts with a conserved vertebrate protein antigen that is present in the spindle apparatus during mitosis but found within the nucleus during interphase. Immunofluorescence microscopy demonstrates that the J17 antigen is found in numerous punctate regions that are distinct from nucleoli. Furthermore, this antigen is not directly associated with kinetochores, the nuclear envelope, or with metaphase chromosomes. Antibody J17 immunoprecipitates a single polypeptide of very high molecular weight (over 250 000) from K562 human erythroleukemia cells pulse labeled with 14C-leucine. This polypeptide is converted quantitatively to a stable 220-kilodalton product within one cellular generation. We discuss the possible relevance of this processing event for transport into the nucleus. The J17 antigen is synthesized throughout the cell cycle in Chinese hamster ovary cells. PMID- 3899549 TI - [Measurement of bronchial reactivity in asthmatics. I. Use of indices of PC20, TC and R for measuring bronchial reactivity]. PMID- 3899550 TI - [Measurement of bronchial reactivity in asthmatics. II. Effects of atropine and metaproterenol on bronchial reactivity in asthmatics]. PMID- 3899551 TI - The optimal application of forward and ninety-degree light scatter in flow cytometry for the gating of mononuclear cells. AB - Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from ten normal donors were labeled with a monoclonal antibody specific for monocytes and analyzed using a fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS). Forward and 90 degrees light scatter parameters were studied in order to apply optimal computerized gating to identify and exclude monocytes from lymphocyte populations. An average of 9.45% versus 1.22% of cells, within chosen lymphocyte gates established by forward angle and 90 degrees scatter, respectively, were identified as monocytes. In samples from ten donors, the exclusion of monocytes from the lymphocyte population was more efficient using 90 degrees scatter than forward scatter. Simultaneous use of forward and 90 degrees scatter did not significantly improve the ability to accurately exclude monocytes, but did result in a significant increase in the improper exclusion of lymphocytes. Use of 90 degrees scatter alone, forward scatter alone, and forward and 90 degrees scatter simultaneously to identify lymphoid cells resulted in the exclusion of 12, 17, and 23% of lymphocytes from further analysis. The 90 degrees scatter alone appears to be the optimal method to eliminate monocytes electronically from mononuclear cell populations in which lymphocytes are being studied. PMID- 3899552 TI - Hyperinsulinemia and decreased surfactant in fetal rabbits. AB - To isolate and demonstrate the effect of insulin on pulmonary surfactant in vivo, islet cell hyperplasia and hyperinsulinemia were produced in fetal rabbits by the litter reduction technique without concomitant hormonal or metabolic changes in mother or fetus. This produced fetuses which were heavier than controls (37.1 vs. 31.5 g), with two-fold higher insulin levels (48.1 vs. 24.3 microU/ml). The fetal weight correlated directly with the insulin level, while the L/S ratio was found to correlate inversely with the insulin level. This inhibitory effect may be mediated by any of several mechanisms which await further investigation. PMID- 3899553 TI - Clinical pharmacokinetics of changes in drug elimination in children. AB - This review mainly summarizes selected aspects of the present knowledge of drug elimination kinetics independent of developmental changes, with special attention given to clinical situations. The effects of different disease states, drug interactions, changes in urinary pH, induction of microsomal enzymes, competition for renal excretory mechanisms, possible enterohepatic recirculation, binding of drugs to tissues, effects of a drug on another drug's metabolizing organ, and dose-dependent elimination, on increase or decrease of drug elimination rates in children, have been presented. Based on the available data it seems that one may postulate the following conclusions: (1) that the distribution factors as well as changes in drug elimination capacities seem to play a role, perhaps with differing relative importance, during each of the maturational periods; (2) that the physicochemical properties of a drug and its dosage, as well as changes in the volume of distribution in children, in the course of certain disease states may have a significant effect on kinetics of drug disposition in the body; (3) that systemic clearance, a model independent parameter, rather than elimination half-life, a hybrid pharmacokinetic parameter, more accurately reflects elimination of some drugs from the body; (4) that each drug and every clinical situation may require the evaluation of the direct effect on pharmacokinetic processes, since general principles may not always apply; (5) that drug disposition studies should also be performed, if possible, on patients under actual clinical situations and receiving the usual therapeutic regime, and (6) that the half-life of colistin is independent of postnatal age which should serve as a warning not to generalize about drug excretion in the young infant. PMID- 3899554 TI - Accommodating planned exercise in type I diabetic patients on intensive treatment. AB - To achieve optimal metabolic control in type I diabetic patients treated with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) and multiple subcutaneous injections of insulin (MSI) appropriate adjustments of the insulin prescription should be made for exercise, which is a normal component of everyday life. The present study describes the responses of seven type I diabetic adolescents treated with CSII and six patients treated with MSI to specific insulin dose changes in anticipation of postprandial exercise. The effect of 45 min of cycle ergometer exercise at 55% VO2 on glucose regulation was studied 2 h after morning insulin and a breakfast meal. To quantify the potential benefit of modifying the insulin dose before exercise, the subjects were studied on five different days in a random order: resting control day, postprandial exercise preceded by the usual dose of insulin, postprandial exercise preceded by one-half of the usual dose of insulin, postprandial exercise preceded by two-thirds of the usual dose of insulin, and postprandial exercise without the usual dose of insulin. In all cases insulin was injected or infused subcutaneously in the anterior abdominal wall. When exercise was performed without changing the usual insulin dose, there was a significant fall in glycemia in both groups, with the nadir occurring after 45 min. In the CSII group, the +/- SEM plasma glucose was 57 +/- 5 mg/dl (P less than 0.05 versus rest) with hypoglycemia occurring in four patients. In the MSI group, the mean +/- SEM plasma glucose fell to 65 +/- 10 mg/dl (P less than 0.05 versus rest) and hypoglycemia occurred in three patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3899555 TI - Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. AB - Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis is an infection of the ascitic fluid of patients who, in general, have severe chronic liver disease. Several variants of this disease exist including bacterascites, culture-negative neutrocytic ascites, and secondary bacterial peritonitis. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis is frequently manifested by signs and symptoms of peritonitis although the findings may be subtle; however, occasionally it may be completely without clinical manifestation. The clinician must have a high index of suspicion in order to make this diagnosis at a relatively earlier stage of infection. An abdominal paracentesis is required to make the diagnosis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. This paracentesis should be performed on all patients who are admitted to the hospital for ascites and should be repeated if there is any manifestation of bacterial infection during the hospitalization. Patients with severe intrahepatic shunting--as manifested by marked redistribution of activity from the liver to the spleen and to the bone marrow on liver-spleen scan as well as patients with an ascitic fluid total protein concentration of less than 1 g/dl -appear to be particularly susceptible to bacterial infection of their ascites. In order to optimize the yield of ascitic fluid culture, it is probably appropriate to inject blood culture bottles with ascites at the bedside immediately after the abdominal paracentesis. The mortality of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis continues to be very high. Perhaps routine admission paracentesis and prompt empiric antibiotic therapy with a third-generation cephalosporin will decrease the mortality of this infection if the Gram stain of the ascitic fluid demonstrates bacteria or the ascitic fluid neutrophil count is greater than 250 cells/cu mm. Repeating the paracentesis after 48 hours of treatment to reculture the fluid and reassess the ascitic fluid neutrophil count appears to be the best way to assess efficacy of treatment. After 48 hours of treatment the ascitic fluid neutrophil count should be less than 50% of the original value if the antimicrobial therapy is appropriate. The optimal duration of antibiotic treatment is unknown; however, until controlled trials provide data regarding duration of treatment it is appropriate to treat with parenteral antibiotics for 10 to 14 days. Research is also needed to determine if there are measures which can be taken to prevent the development of spontaneous peritonitis. PMID- 3899556 TI - High-level expression in Escherichia coli of biologically active bovine growth hormone. AB - High-level synthesis of bovine growth hormone (bGH) in Escherichia coli was achieved by maximizing gene transcription and optimizing the translational efficiency of bGH mRNA. Nearly all of the recombinant hormone was found in the pellet fraction after bacterial cell lysis. This property allowed the purification of bGH nearly to homogeneity. Protein sequence analysis indicated that greater than 93% of the purified hormone had the amino-terminal methionine residue removed by E. coli, yielding mature bGH. In a hypophysectomized rat assay system, purified bacterial-produced bGH demonstrated growth-promoting activity equivalent to that of pituitary-derived bovine growth hormone. PMID- 3899557 TI - Structure of the human vasoactive intestinal polypeptide gene. AB - Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) is a 28-amino-acid hormone produced primarily by neural tissues. The amino acid sequence of VIP is similar to that of a number of gastrointestinal hormones, including glucagon and secretin. VIP is synthesized as part of a polyprotein, pre-proVIP, which generates, in addition to VIP, an additional bioactive peptide known as PHM. As a first step toward understanding the molecular basis of pre-proVIP gene expression, we have isolated the pre-proVIP gene and have determined its structure. The gene is approximately 9 kb long and is interrupted by six introns which appear to divide the gene into functional domains. One of the introns occurs within the 3'-untranslated region of the gene. PMID- 3899559 TI - [Formation of space-ordered structures in colonies of motile bacteria on agar]. PMID- 3899558 TI - Electrophysiology and inherited retinal disorders. AB - An understanding of electrophysiologic procedures and their application is crucial for evaluating patients with inherited retinal disorders. This review emphasizes the value of electrophysiologic procedures in the differential diagnosis of clinically similar disorders, the evaluation of atypical presentations of known retinal disorders, and the determination of the extent of dysfunction in photoreceptor-retinal pigment epithelial disease. It is important for each investigator to assess quantitatively the short-term variability inherent in each electrophysiologic procedure so that meaningful data can be obtained on the natural history of the various inherited retinal disorders being monitored. PMID- 3899561 TI - [Detection and molecular genetic characterization of the c-Ha-ras 1 oncogene in human breast cancer, malignant melanoma and neuroblastoma]. PMID- 3899560 TI - [Participation of the pInt lambda 1 intmid in enhancing UV resistance and UV induced mutagenesis in Escherichia coli: the integrative-replication mechanism of the process]. PMID- 3899562 TI - Antimicrobial drug delivery to the eye. AB - A major obstacle in the treatment of ocular infections is the difficulty in obtaining adequate antimicrobial drug concentration at the site of infection. This article reviews the pharmacokinetic principles of ophthalmic drug delivery as it pertains to antimicrobial therapy. The administration of antimicrobials by topical application, subconjunctival injection, intravitreal injection, vitreous replacement fluid, and systemic administration are addressed. Representative data on the intraocular penetration of antimicrobials as well as recommended doses of drugs for ocular infections are presented. PMID- 3899563 TI - Guaiphenesin and iodide. PMID- 3899564 TI - Nicorette--an update. PMID- 3899565 TI - [Ultrasonics and lavage in polytraumatized patients with blunt abdominal trauma]. AB - The reliability of sonography and peritoneal lavage in assessing the need for immediate surgical intervention in blunt abdominal trauma was examined in a controlled prospective and retrospective study. Whereas no false results occurred using peritoneal lavage, false negative findings in sonography were 9.8% and false positive findings 3.9%. A significant difference was also found on retrospective evaluation of all cases with diagnostic peritoneal lavage (2.2% false results) and ultrasound investigations (14.9% false results). This demonstrates that sonography cannot fully replace peritoneal lavage as a diagnostic method in blunt abdominal trauma. PMID- 3899566 TI - [Ultrasonic diagnosis of bile duct diseases. Value and possibilities]. PMID- 3899567 TI - [Drug-induced liver diseases]. PMID- 3899568 TI - [Acute pulmonary and renal failure in peritonitis]. PMID- 3899569 TI - [Early diagnosis of congenital hip luxation by ultrasonic examination]. PMID- 3899570 TI - [Fatal complications of tropical malaria in non-immune patients. A retrospective clinico-pathologic analysis of 25 cases]. AB - Clinical and pathological data on 25 fatal cases of tropical malaria were obtained from several hospitals in a retrospective survey. The patients originated, without exception, from non-malaria endemic regions (non-immunes). Death occurred in nine patients despite elimination of the parasitaemia with schizontocides. Life threatening complications were complex and apparently interacting. Manifestations of the disease included (1) initial acute renal failure, (2) disturbance of water and electrolyte balance, (3) cerebral oedema resulting in microhaemorrhages, (4) lung oedema, and increasing respiratory insufficiency even after elimination of the parasitaemia (in 4 cases there was histological evidence of shock lung), (5) myocarditis (histological evidence of cellular myocardial infiltration obtained in 4 cases), (6) hepatocellular damage, (7) complications associated with intensive-care treatment in 2 cases. The data allow no conclusions on the intensity and nature of blood clotting disturbances. According to this analysis the clinical manifestations of advanced malaria resemble protracted shock conditions having other aetiologies. However, specific cerebral and cardiac complications and homeostatic disturbances do apparently occur, the treatment of which requires experience with the clinical syndrome. PMID- 3899571 TI - [Effect of calcium antagonists on physical fitness and metabolism]. AB - In a cross-over double-blind trial on 15 healthy male volunteers the effect on physical exercise capacity and metabolism of single oral doses of 90 mg diltiazem or 20 mg nifedipine was compared. Both maximal physical exercise capacity and sustained exercise capacity remained unchanged after each calcium antagonist. Heart rate was higher after nifedipine but lower after diltiazem than after placebo, although the differences at the individual exercise steps were small and significant in only some. Plasma noradrenaline levels on submaximal exercise rose significantly higher after nifedipine than after diltiazem or placebo. Somatotropin, cortisol, insulin as well as carbohydrate and fat metabolic substrates were similar after the two calcium antagonists and placebo. It is concluded that short-term administration of diltiazem and nifedipine does not influence physical exercise capacity and metabolism. PMID- 3899572 TI - [Diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy]. PMID- 3899573 TI - [Therapy of diabetic nephropathy]. PMID- 3899574 TI - [Hepatitis B recombinant vaccine. Tolerance and immunogenicity]. PMID- 3899575 TI - [Pharmacological-toxicological aspects of the homeopathic treatment of animals]. PMID- 3899576 TI - [Cardiodynamics of the conscious dog undergoing treadmill exercise, blood pressure reduction or isoproterenol and its modification by beta-blockade]. PMID- 3899577 TI - [Experiences with the administration of practical training courses in pharmacology for students of veterinary medicine]. PMID- 3899578 TI - [Circulatory effects of levamisole in the dog following intestinal application]. PMID- 3899579 TI - [Model experiments with rats fed peloid and peloid extracts]. PMID- 3899580 TI - [Comparative study of the distribution and excretion of tylosin of various origins]. PMID- 3899581 TI - [Intermediary effects in nonspecific defense mechanisms]. PMID- 3899582 TI - [Effect of sweet almonds on the stress ulcer in rats]. PMID- 3899583 TI - [Development and significance of diuretics]. PMID- 3899584 TI - [Postoperative studies following surgical treatment of teat injuries in cattle]. PMID- 3899585 TI - [Therapy of teat stenoses in cattle using cryosurgery]. PMID- 3899586 TI - [Cerebrospinal fluid studies in Listeria meningoencephalitis of cattle]. PMID- 3899587 TI - [The value of urine and blood studies for the assessment of the calcium supply in dairy cows]. PMID- 3899588 TI - [Usefulness of urine test strips for the detection of leukocyturia as a screening study in sow herds]. PMID- 3899589 TI - [Latrodectism in man and animals as well as great epizootics of the previous century caused by Latrodectus]. PMID- 3899590 TI - [Significant contributions to veterinary medicine in the writings of Nicander]. PMID- 3899591 TI - [Effect of experimental rumen acidosis on mammary gland function and various physical and chemical parameters of milk in cattle]. PMID- 3899592 TI - [Lymphatic leukosis in a boar]. PMID- 3899593 TI - [Consumer- and causality-oriented monitoring of foodstuffs of animal origin- report on test runs in different regions of Lower Saxony]. PMID- 3899594 TI - [Conditions of animal health]. PMID- 3899595 TI - [Ileal obstipation in a horse following intake of rubber material]. PMID- 3899596 TI - Pharmacokinetic properties of the newer cephalosporins. A valid basis for drug selection? PMID- 3899597 TI - The renin-angiotensin system in the control of systemic arterial pressure. AB - The renin-angiotensin system through its active octapeptide, angiotensin II, has an important role in systemic arterial pressure control. Angiotensin II is a potent direct vasoconstrictor and is also the main regulator of aldosterone secretion. The complete analysis of the role of angiotensin II has to take into account the prevailing sodium balance for a given level of angiotensin II and also its indirect action upon the sympathetic nervous system as well as other hormonal systems. A number of studies have provided evidence for an important role for the renin-angiotensin system in renovascular hypertension, malignant and severe hypertension, as well as in mild to moderate forms of essential hypertension. PMID- 3899599 TI - Cytosine arabinoside, cyclophosphamide and total body irradiation conditioning regimens for bone marrow transplantation. PMID- 3899598 TI - [Extrauterine pregnancy]. PMID- 3899600 TI - Benign intracranial hypertension associated with resistant plasmodium falciparum malaria infection: a case report. PMID- 3899601 TI - Comparison of real-time cholecystosonography and oral cholecystography. PMID- 3899602 TI - [Epidemiology of functional disorders]. PMID- 3899603 TI - [Manipulation and preparation of alloy surfaces for bonded bridges]. PMID- 3899604 TI - [Fluoride content in teeth from the Neolithic period]. PMID- 3899605 TI - [Effect of various technics and materials on the fit and homogeneity of root canal fillings (SEM study)]. PMID- 3899606 TI - [Fit of various root canal filling materials using the central cone technic (SEM study)]. PMID- 3899607 TI - [An improved method for the production of root canal preparations for scanning electron microscopy studies]. PMID- 3899608 TI - [Evaluation of surface qualities of metal alloys used for bonded bridges]. PMID- 3899609 TI - [Investment methods for obtaining oversized noble-metal-free restorations]. PMID- 3899610 TI - [Effect of firing conditions on the recrystallization properties of fired ceramic materials]. PMID- 3899611 TI - [Interrelation of erythropoiesis and lymphopoiesis in experimental infectious processes and in viral leukemogenesis]. AB - Interrelation of erythropoiesis and immune response was studied in mice of various lines infected with mycoplasma species, Shigella flexneri 2a and Rauscher leukemia virus (R-MLV). Intensity of erythropoiesis was estimated by the endocolonization data of sublethally irradiated mice and 59Fe incorporation, while immune reactivity--by generation of splenic antibody-forming cells in response to immunization with sheep erythrocytes. The inverse correlation between the ability of infectious agents to enhance erythropoiesis and to depress immune reactivity was found. Enhanced state of erythropoiesis was observed with concomitant diminished immune response when R-MLV and M. arthritidis or S. flexneri 2a (strain 516) were used. There was a positive correlation between the ability of mycoplasmae and shigellae to activate erythropoiesis and their stimulatory effect on R-MLV reproduction tested by the spleen focus-forming units (SFFU) enumeration technique. Possible role of mononuclear phagocytes in the phenomena mentioned is discussed. PMID- 3899612 TI - Canine C-peptide for characterization of experimental diabetes in dogs. AB - Radioimmunoassay of canine C-peptide (CCP) was developed for the characterization of endogenous beta cell function in experimentally diabetic dogs. The animals were rendered diabetic by subtotal pancreatectomy and intrasurgical infusion of 2 mg kg-1 streptozotocin into the superior pancreaticoduodenal artery. After an average duration of diabetes of 5 months the animals showed zero peripheral venous fasting CCP levels with no response to feeding, OGTT/i.v. glucagon loading or i.v. glucose tolerance testing. The data on CCP levels were entirely coincident with simultaneously measured plasma IRI levels. In non-diabetic control animals there were clear-cut CCP increases after all stimuli. The experimental model provided an IDDM-type diabetes without toxic symptoms but with sufficient exocrine pancreatic function. The comparison showed that plasma IRI analyses would also allow a reliable characterization of insulinogenic functions in these animals. PMID- 3899613 TI - Decreased glucose-induced insulin release and biosynthesis by islets of rats with non-insulin-dependent diabetes: effect of tissue culture. AB - Non-insulin dependent diabetes (NIDD) was obtained in adult rats after a neonatal streptozotocin injection. In the fed state 3- to 5-month-old rats with NIDD exhibited modestly elevated plasma glucose levels (controls, 131 +/- 7 mg/dl; diabetics, 159 +/- 4 mg/dl; P less than 0.01), impaired glucose tolerance, and a very low insulin response after glucose injection. In the present study the secretion and biosynthesis of insulin were measured using isolated islets from these rats. The insulin and DNA content of islets freshly isolated from rats with NIDD were significantly lower (60% and 80%, respectively, P less than 0.001) than in the controls. The insulin content per islet cell from diabetic rats was also significantly reduced (75%) (P less than 0.01) as compared to controls. At a low glucose concentration (2.8 mM) the insulin release from islets of diabetic rats was 60% (P less than 0.05) of that the controls. At a glucose concentration of 16.5 mM it was stimulated 5-fold from the islets of NIDD rats and 7-fold from the islets of control rats. (Pro)insulin biosynthesis, assessed in the same islets by measuring the incorporation of [3H]phenylalanine into immunoprecipitable material, was significantly higher (50%) (P less than 0.01) in islets from NIDD rats when measured at 2.8 mM glucose. Although (pro)insulin biosynthesis in these islets was significantly stimulated by 16.5 mM glucose (5-fold), it was less (P less than 0.05) than in the control islet (9-fold). To determine whether the derangements described above in the islets of the rats with NIDD could be modified by changing the environmental conditions of the B cells, corresponding experiments were performed after a 5-day culture of the islets at 5.5 mM glucose or at 11 mM glucose. The insulin release and the (pro)insulin biosynthesis, either measured in basal or stimulated states, were then found to be similar in the islets of diabetic and control islets after the 5.5 mM glucose culture period. By contrast, after the 11 mM glucose culture period the insulin release and the proinsulin biosynthesis in the islets of diabetic rats were found significantly less stimulated by 16.5 mM glucose than in the control islets. This suggests that islets of rats with NIDD, once removed from the chronic in vivo exposure to diabetic metabolic disorders, can behave as isolated islets of normal rats, at least as far as insulin handling is concerned.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3899614 TI - Time course study of insulin secretion after 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 administration. AB - Vitamin D3 is known to be involved in pancreatic endocrine function. The rapidity of action of the biologically active form of vitamin D3, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3], was studied over time (from 0-72 h) on pancreatic insulin secretion by the subsequently isolated perfused pancreas of vitamin D-deficient rats pair-fed with vitamin D-deficient control rats treated with vehicle alone. At 8 h after 1,25(OH)2D3 administration (1.3 nmol), augmentation of the insulin secretion in response to 16.6 mM glucose had already significantly appeared and reached a maximum at 14 h, and then markedly decreased to pretreatment baseline values by 36 h. In a separate experiment using 20 mM arginine as a stimulus, insulin secretion from the isolated perfused pancreas also showed a significant increase at 8 h and demonstrated a maximum response at 14 h after 1,25(OH)2D3 administration, followed by gradual decrease to 72 h. The prevailing levels of serum parameters, including calcium, phosphorus, and glucose, seemed not to be involved in this mechanism, since these were not correlated to the amount of insulin secretion by the subsequently isolated perfused pancreas. Also the observed rapid effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 on insulin secretion appear not to be related to a rapid effect of the secosteroid on increased dietary/caloric intake. These results clearly establish both the dependence of and rapid dynamics response of the perfused pancreas to the potentiating effects of in vivo administered 1,25(OH)2D3 on either glucose- or arginine-mediated insulin secretion from the perfused pancreas. PMID- 3899615 TI - A role for the adrenal renin-angiotensin system in the regulation of potassium stimulated aldosterone production. AB - Potassium is a major regulator of aldosterone production. It also increases adrenal renin. The causal relationship between potassium and adrenal renin is not known. To evaluate the role of the intraadrenal renin-angiotensin (ANG) system in potassium-stimulated aldosterone synthesis and release, specific adrenal renin activity, PRA, and plasma aldosterone were measured during potassium loading or captopril treatment in the rat. Adrenal ANGs were determined using a HPLC system combined with RIA to obtain quantitative information on the components of the adrenal renin-ANG system. In addition, the effect of pretreatment with captopril on aldosterone production by isolated adrenal glomerulosa cells was examined. In intact animals potassium loading markedly increased adrenal renin and plasma aldosterone, whereas PRA was suppressed. The administration of captopril to rats in normal potassium balance did not suppress plasma aldosterone. Captopril treatment during potassium loading inhibited the potassium-induced increase in aldosterone. Furthermore, pretreatment with captopril suppressed adrenal ANG II and reduced the response of aldosterone production to extracellular potassium concentration by isolated adrenal glomerulosa cells in vitro. These results suggest that the adrenal renin-ANG system plays a significant role in the control of aldosterone production under potassium stimulation. PMID- 3899616 TI - Inhibitory effect of interferon on the production of insulin. AB - Viral and bacterial infections may produce abnormalities in carbohydrate metabolism in normal subjects and profound changes in glucose homeostasis in insulin-dependent diabetics. Using an RIA with [125]porcine insulin, the effect of rat interferon (IFN) on the production/secretion of immunoreactive insulin (IRI) in cultured cells was investigated. We found that, after incubation of rat insulinoma cells with rat IFN, a decrease in the production of IRI was observed. The decrease correlated with the concentration of IFN and the length of the incubation. IFN also caused a decrease in the production/secretion of IRI from rat pancreatic beta-cells in primary culture. This IFN has all of the properties of IFN including species specificity, and the insulin inhibitory effect cannot be dissociated from the antiviral activity of IFN. These data suggest that one possible explanation for abnormalities in glucose metabolism associated with viral or bacterial infections is that virus-or bacteria-induced production of IFN may alter the concentration of insulin. PMID- 3899617 TI - Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide effects a central inhibition of pulsatile luteinizing hormone secretion in ovariectomized rats. AB - Recent studies implicate vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) as a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator, and several observations suggest that VIP, originating within the brain, may alter the secretion of GnRH. We have tested the hypothesis that VIP acts as a central nervous system regulator of pulsatile GnRH secretion, as reflected in pulsatile LH release, by assessing the effect of intraventricularly administered VIP on several parameters of LH secretion in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. To examine the possibility that centrally administered VIP alters pituitary responsiveness to GnRH, we challenged OVX rats with GnRH and compared the LH response in VIP-treated animals with that in control animals. Finally, we tested the hypothesis that exposure of the animal to gonadal steroids alters VIP's effect on LH secretion by assessing LH release during central administration of VIP in OVX rats pretreated with estrogen and progesterone. Unanesthetized rats with external jugular cannulae were bled at 5-min intervals for 2 h before infusion and for 2 h during continuous intraventricular infusion of either VIP (1.8 nmol/h) or saline. Blood samples (300 or 400 microliter) were replaced with an equal volume of a blood replacement mixture. VIP infusion significantly reduced LH pulse frequency by 80% (P less than 0.002) and mean LH levels by 60% (P less than 0.002), but did not significantly affect LH pulse amplitude. In contrast, saline infusion produced no significant change in any of these parameters. The plasma LH response to 2 ng GnRH, iv, in VIP-treated animals did not differ significantly from that in control animals. Finally, VIP infusion had no discernible effect on LH secretion in OVX rats pretreated with estradiol benzoate (50 micrograms) and progesterone (25 mg). These results demonstrate that VIP can profoundly inhibit pulsatile LH secretion in the OVX rat and provide evidence to suggest that this effect is not due to diminished pituitary responsiveness to GnRH. Based upon these observations, we argue that VIP, originating within the brain, may be an important inhibitory regulator of pulsatile GnRH secretion. PMID- 3899618 TI - Erythrocyte insulin receptor and glucose tolerance test in children treated with prednisolone. AB - Insulin receptors of erythrocytes and oral glucose tolerance test (O-GTT) were investigated in sixteen children treated with prednisolone for various diseases. Ten patients (Group 1) received low doses of prednisolone (0.2-0.5 mg/kg body weight/day) and six patients (Group 2) received higher doses of prednisolone (1.5 2.0 mg/kg body weight/day). Compared to the values for controls, the sums of blood glucose (sigma BS) at O-GTT in both group 1 and group 2 patients were significantly elevated. (422 +/- 75 mg/dl, p less than 0.01 Group 1; 419 +/- 39 mg/dl, p less than 0.01 Group 2; 338 +/- 41 mg/dl controls) Significant differences were not observed in the sums of insulin concentration at O-GTT, fasting blood concentration and basal insulin levels among these two groups and the controls. There was a significant increase in the maximum insulin binding in group 2 (9.13 +/- 0.68% in group 2, 7.97 +/- 1.06% in controls, p less than 0.05), but not in group 1 (8.59 +/- 1.82%). There is no significant difference in binding affinity or the number of receptors between any of these two patients' groups and the controls. When patients in group 1 and group 2 were combined, sigma IRI levels were significantly elevated in the patients (p less than 0.05). These results suggested that prednisolone treatment with a smaller dosage as well as with the higher dosage resulted in a carbohydrate intolerance, the main cause of which is located in a postreceptor step (or steps) of insulin action. PMID- 3899619 TI - [Effect of acute hypercalcemia and calcitonin on the sensitivity to exogenous insulin]. PMID- 3899620 TI - [Birth weight and body length of newborn infants and insulin levels in maternal blood, fetal blood and amniotic fluid during labor]. PMID- 3899621 TI - Insulin resistance in chronic renal failure. PMID- 3899622 TI - Corticotropin-releasing factor: its action on the islets of Langerhans. AB - Synthetic rat and ovine CRF were tested in an in vitro isolated pancreatic islet system for their ability to influence insulin and glucagon release. Acute exposure of islets to both rat and ovine CRF resulted in a significant increase in glucagon release but only over a narrow range of concentration (50-200 pg/ml). Neither peptide had a significant effect on insulin release. Our results raise the possibility that release of glucagon may be stimulated by CRF as part of the overall response to stress. PMID- 3899623 TI - Phospholipid-induced inhibition of insulin-stimulated glucose transport in isolated adipocytes: interactions of phospholipids with inhibitors of glucose transport and insulinmimetic agents. AB - Upon interaction with phospholipid vesicles containing phosphatidylserine, isolated rat adipocytes demonstrate an inhibition of insulin-stimulated hexose uptake. In order to elucidate the mechanism of this effect, adipocytes were treated with agents, alone or in combination with vesicles, which affected the insulin-sensitive response at the receptor and post-receptor level. The effect of vesicles at a maximal inhibitory concentration proved to be non-additive with dexamethasone, suggesting that vesicles may act in a manner similar to this agent. In contrast, fat cells treated with vesicles and N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) or trypsin at submaximally effective concentrations demonstrate a partially additive inhibition of insulin-stimulated 2-deoxyglucose uptake. Vesicle treatment of adipocytes before stimulation with agents which mimic insulin, such as Con A and H2O2, demonstrates the same effects as insulin with respect to hexose uptake. These results support the contention that vesicles inhibit insulin action at least partially at the post-receptor level, and may directly interfere with the hexose transport site. PMID- 3899624 TI - Open dose-ranging trial of flunarizine as add-on therapy in epilepsy. AB - A double-blind placebo-controlled crossover trial of flunarizine as add-on treatment in therapy-resistant epilepsy offered significant evidence of efficacy, but the plasma levels of flunarizine were lower than anticipated, probably due to induction of liver enzymes by comedication. An open dose-ranging trial was therefore undertaken to investigate the relationships among dose, efficacy, side effects, and blood level. With basal medication held constant, flunarizine was added at 3-month intervals in increasing doses of 0, 10, 15, 20, and 25 mg daily, or until side effects occurred or marked seizure reduction was obtained. Forty seven patients completed the trial; all were adults with therapy-resistant epilepsy who had at least 3 seizures per month. All had complex partial seizures, with additional types in 20. Sixteen patients showed a 50% and 24 a 25% reduction of seizure incidence on flunarizine; 6 and 7, respectively, showed a corresponding increase. The greatest seizure reduction, when observed, occurred generally at a daily dose of 15-20 mg. Side effects, chiefly drowsiness and weight gain, increased markedly between 15 and 20 mg daily. Flunarizine administration produced no change in serum levels of comedication, but flunarizine levels were lower in patients taking more than one other drug. Seizure reduction was obtained most consistently in patients with secondary generalized epilepsy or neurologic deficits. The findings confirm the antiepileptic action of flunarizine in humans and justify further trials. PMID- 3899625 TI - Nick translation--a new assay for monitoring DNA damage and repair in cultured human fibroblasts. AB - An in vitro assay has been developed to detect DNA damage and repair following chemical treatment of human diploid fibroblasts. DNA damage is measured by following the Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I-catalyzed incorporation of radiolabeled deoxycytidine triphosphate (dCTP) into the DNA of lysolecithin permeabilized cells. DNA strand breaks with free 3' OH termini serve as template sites for incorporation, and decrease of this incorporation with time, following removal of the test chemical, indicates loss (repair) of initial damage. Inhibition of the DNA excision repair process by the addition of the repair inhibitors arabinofuranosyl cytosine (ara-C) and hydroxyurea (HU) during the incubation period gives rise to an increased number of template sites, manifesting itself in increased incorporation and indicating the induction of long-patch excision repair. This nick translation assay, originally proposed by Nose and Okamoto [1983], is very sensitive, allows detection and quantitation of both DNA damage and repair, distinguishes between various types of induced damage, does not require radioactive prelabeling of cells, and circumvents some of the problems inherent in unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) assays. The assay is also useful in detecting those agents that inhibit replicative DNA synthesis and/or the excision repair process. Results presented demonstrate that all 14 direct-acting carcinogens tested and 8 of 14 carcinogens requiring metabolic activation give positive indication of DNA damage, repair, or both. Eleven of 14 noncarcinogens tested were scored as negative, the other 3 having previously been shown to interact with cellular DNA. This assay is shown to have predictive capability at least equal to that of UDS assays but to allow a broader spectrum of genotoxic effects to be analyzed. PMID- 3899626 TI - Metabolic activation of 3-(2-chloroethoxy)-1,2-dichloropropene: a mutagen structurally related to diallate, triallate, and sulfallate. AB - 3-(2-Chloroethoxy)-1,2-dichloropropene (CP), a Salmonella promutagen that was recently isolated from a sample of residue organics previously concentrated from drinking water, is structurally related to three other chlorinated promutagens, the S-chloroallyl thiocarbamate herbicides diallate, triallate, and sulfallate. These four chloroallyl ether compounds were found to be similar with respect to strain specificity, potency, and requirement for specific metabolic activation. The 9,000g supernatant (S9) fractions from polychlorinated biphenyl Aroclor 1254- or phenobarbital-induced rats metabolized the four chloroallyl ethers to mutagenic products, whereas S9 from 3-methylcholanthrene-induced or uninduced rats did not. The metabolic activation of CP, diallate, and triallate to mutagens was catalyzed by the 100,000g microsomal pellet of S9 alone, but the activation of sulfallate to mutagenic metabolites required both microsomal and cytosolic fractions of S9. Direct-acting (minus S9) mutagenic metabolites of diallate and triallate could be extracted into methylene chloride from S9 incubation mixtures. Incubations containing S9 and either sulfallate or CP did not yield methylene chloride-extractable metabolites with direct-acting mutagenic activity. On the basis of these results and those from previous studies on the metabolism of diallate, triallate, and sulfallate, a tentative model for the metabolic activation of CP is proposed in which this chloroallyl ether undergoes alpha carbon hydroxylation to form multiple mutagenic products. PMID- 3899627 TI - Petroleum distillates suppress in vitro metabolic activation: higher [S-9] required in the Salmonella/microsome mutagenicity assay. AB - To determine if standard conditions used in the Salmonella/mammalian microsome mutagenicity assay could reliably screen complex petroleum samples, two high boiling (700-1,070 degrees F) distillates and their separated aromatic fractions were tested. The initial mutagenic activities were inconsistent with the samples' known polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contents and observed potencies in a dermal carcinogenesis bioassay. A significant mutagenic response was observed only at S 9 concentrations 5 to 10 times higher than those used in the standard assay, supporting the use of elevated levels of S-9 in the Salmonella/microsome assay to assess the carcinogenic potential of petroleum-derived materials. All four samples masked the expected mutagenic activity of added PAHs (benzo[a]pyrene and perylene). Data suggested that petroleum distillates suppress the functional efficacy of the S-9; possible mechanisms are discussed. PMID- 3899628 TI - Comparison of mutagenicities in a Salmonella reversion assay mediated by uninduced hepatocytes and hepatocytes from rats pretreated for 1 or 5 days with Aroclor 1254. AB - Hepatocytes prepared from rats pretreated for 5 days with 500 mg/kg Aroclor 1254 were found to be unsuitable for use in a modified Salmonella mutagenicity assay. These hepatocytes exhibited low viability, did not readily attach to plastic culture dishes, and produced mutagenicity responses with benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) and 2-aminofluorene (2AF) that were greatly enhanced by the addition of an NADPH regenerating system (NADPH-RS). Shortening the Aroclor pretreatment time to 1 day resulted in hepatocytes that exhibited high viability and readily attached to plastic culture dishes. These hepatocytes produced higher numbers of revertants when used to assay the mutagenicities of B[a]P and 2AF than were produced using hepatocytes from animals that were pretreated for 5 days. These reversion frequencies were also higher than those produced using uninduced hepatocytes and were much less affected by the addition of NADPH-RS than were the reversions mediated by the 5-day preinduced hepatocytes. Liver homogenate postmitochondrial fractions (S9s), which were prepared from rats pretreated with Aroclor for 1 or 5 days, were nearly equal in their ability to mediate the mutagenicity of B[a]P and 2AF in the Salmonella/microsome reversion assay. Qualitative differences between the S9- and hepatocyte-mediated mutagenicity of 2AF were found, however. These results indicate that employing hepatocytes from rats pretreated with Aroclor for 1 day, rather than 5 days, results in an enzymatically induced, more-intact cell population that is capable of detecting the mutagenicity of B[a]P and 2AF in a modified Salmonella reversion assay. PMID- 3899629 TI - Computer analysis of toxicological data bases: mutagenicity of aromatic amines in Salmonella tester strains. AB - There is an increasing problem in the world of toxicological evaluation in that, while test results of new compounds are appearing regularly, traditional methods of analysis of such data are cumbersome and slow. The new computer program CASE (computer automated structure evaluator) was designed to handle just such problems. It analyzes molecules and their associated biological activity on the basis of structural fragments found and identified by the program as being important for the activity based on statistical tests of significance. The program was used to examine mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100 (with S9 activation) of approximately 80-100 aromatic amines. The resulting structural features were then used in a predictive fashion to test the expected mutagenic properties of a smaller set of about 20 compounds. PMID- 3899630 TI - The role of DNA sequence and structure of the electrophile on the mutagenicity of nitroarenes and arylamine derivatives. AB - The mutagenicities of a series of nitroarenes and related electrophilic metabolites of aromatic amines were studied in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA97, which have, respectively, (GCGC/CGCG)2 and (CCC/GGG)2 as their mutational sites. For electrophiles, primarily bicyclic species, that form adducts with nucleophilic sites other than the C8 of guanine (G), the ratios of activities in the two strains is near unity. On the other hand, for electrophiles consisting of cyclic structures with more than two rings and that are reported to react solely with the C8 of G, the ratio of activities (TA98/TA97) is in excess of 1.6. Quantum mechanical calculations indicate that (1) in the plane of G, the N7, N3, and 06 of G are more likely nucleophilic targets than C8 and (2) adduct formation at the C8 of G requires electrophilic attack from above or below the plane of G. It is hypothesized that because of steric hindrances, nitroarenes and derivatives containing in excess of two rings cannot react with the preferred nucleophilic sites and, therefore, form adducts with the more accessible C8. However, such an out-of-the-plane attack is influenced by the nature of the nearest neighbor, as evidenced by the difference in mutagenic responses of TA98 and TA97, alternating GCs being preferred over other combinations. Further quantum mechanical calculations indicate that the nature of the nearest neighbor does indeed affect the nucleophilicity of the C8 of G but that the expression of this effect is apparently masked by the overriding steric effects. PMID- 3899631 TI - Metabolism and mutagenicity of acrylonitrile: an in vivo study. AB - The mutagenic activity present in urine of animals treated with acrylonitrile (ACN) is tentatively related to the excretion of three urinary metabolites: thiocyanate (SCN-), hydroxyethylmercapturic acid (OH-MA), and cyanoethylmercapturic acid (CN-MA). It is shown that the route of administration and animal species affect SCN- excretion but not the excretion of hydroxyethyl- and cyanoethylmercapturic acids or the mutagenicity of urine from ACN-treated animals. Various pretreatments (phenobarbital, CoCl2, diethylmaleate, trichloroacetonitrile) decrease the mutagenicity of urine from ACN-treated animals and decrease the excretion of SCN- and OH-MA. None of the quantified urinary metabolites is responsible for urinary mutagenicity. PMID- 3899632 TI - Significance of the genotoxic activities observed in vitro for 35 of 70 NTP noncarcinogens. AB - A speculative analysis is presented of the in vitro genotoxicity data reported by Shelby and Stasiewicz for 70 chemicals defined as noncarcinogenic to rodents by the National Toxicology Program. It is concluded that the genotoxic activities observed are probably subject to logical explanation. It is suggested that short term genotoxicity assays conducted in vivo on newly defined in vitro genotoxins may have a useful role to play in discriminating animal carcinogens from noncarcinogens. It is clear from the results reported that genotoxic activities observed in vitro for a new test chemical only provide evidence of its possible animal carcinogenicity; they are not definitive of carcinogenicity--the difference may be negligible in general but might prove unacceptable in the particular. PMID- 3899633 TI - Schistosome related cancers: a possible role for genotoxins. AB - Schistosomiasis has long been associated with cancer. This association is most prevalent between Schistosoma hematobium and bladder cancer. Numerous theories have been proposed to explain the causal link between the parasite infestation and the ensuing neoplasia. One theory that has not received as much attention as others, however, is the role of genotoxins in the neoplastic process. Considering the substantial amount of supportive evidence for the cocarcinogenic effects of schistosomes, concern for the health effects resulting from exposure of infested individuals to either exogenous or endogenous genotoxins is certainly warranted. PMID- 3899634 TI - The reproductive effects assessment group's report on the mutagenicity of inorganic arsenic. PMID- 3899635 TI - Cost and usefulness of clinical microbiology services. PMID- 3899636 TI - Evaluation of the complement fixation and indirect immunofluorescence tests in the early diagnosis of primary Q fever. AB - A comparison was made of the performance of the commonly used complement fixation test and the more recently developed indirect immunofluorescence test in the early diagnosis of Q fever. The 303 sera tested were from 181 patients who contracted Q fever during an outbreak in Switzerland in 1983. Specific IgM antibodies were detected by the immunofluorescence test in 53% and 89% of sera obtained during the first and second week respectively after onset of illness. With the complement fixation test, the diagnosis could not be made until the second week of illness. The immunofluorescence test proved to be superior to the complement fixation test in the early detection of Q fever. Not only was it more specific but also faster and simpler to perform, permitting an earlier diagnosis on the basis of results obtained with a single serum specimen. PMID- 3899637 TI - Four cases of Shigella septicemia in Israel. AB - Four cases of shigella septicemia are presented. In two children infection was caused by Shigella flexneri and in two adults, who had underlying diseases which caused immunosuppression, by Shigella sonnei and Shigella schmitzi. All four patients responded to intravenous antibiotic therapy. In one patient the organism persisted in the stool, but was eliminated after oral administration of chloramphenicol. Shigella septicemia is not uncommon and blood cultures should be obtained in suspected cases. PMID- 3899638 TI - Successful treatment of nocardial thigh abscess and possible brain abscess with co-trimoxazole. PMID- 3899639 TI - Epidemiology of Shigella boydii serotype 2, a strain indigenous to Spain. PMID- 3899640 TI - Serological diagnosis of Mediterranean spotted fever by the immunoperoxidase reaction. PMID- 3899641 TI - Intermediates in the synthesis of TolC protein include an incomplete peptide stalled at a rare Arg codon. AB - TolC is a minor outer membrane protein of Escherichia coli K 12 and is initially synthesized as a precursor. A distinct intermediate polypeptide of Mr about 46 000 was consistently observed at the initial stages of biosynthesis. The further elongation of this peptide can be blocked by chloramphenicol. We have investigated the cause of the temporary accumulation of the 46 000-Mr intermediate and we postulate that the presence of a rare codon AGA (Arg) at codon 402 of the tolC mRNA halts translating ribosomes owing to a limiting amount of the tRNAArg (AGA) species in the cell. The translation of tolC mRNA can be increased by providing T4 tRNAArg (AGA), encoded on a plasmid. PMID- 3899642 TI - Hybrid pyruvate dehydrogenase complexes reconstituted from components of the complexes from Escherichia coli and Azotobacter vinelandii. AB - The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex of Escherichia coli was isolated in a simple three-step procedure. Its chain stoichiometry, determined by trinitrobenzoate modification was found to be 1.4 E1:1 E2:0.6 E3. It was reproducible within 10% from preparation to preparation. The E. coli complex was resolved by chromatography on activated thiol Sepharose. Reconstitution of activity yielded a stoichiometry of 1.0 E1:1 E2:0.5 E3. The optimum binding stoichiometry of E1E2 and E2E3 subcomplexes was determined by sedimentation experiments and found to be 2.0 E1:1 E2 and 2.5 E3:1 E2, respectively. Competition between E1 and E3 was observed in the binding experiments, but not in the kinetic experiments. Hybrid active complexes could be reconstituted from either an E1E2 subcomplex from Azotobacter vinelandii and the E3 component from E. coli or from E2E3 subcomplex from E. coli and the E1 component from A. vinelandii. Low activity and weak binding was observed when E1 from E. coli was recombined with an E2E3 subcomplex from A. vinelandii or when E3 from A. vinelandii was recombined with an E1E2 subcomplex from E. coli. The association behaviour and stoichiometry of the reconstituted complexes is determined by the nature of the E2 component. The formation of hybrid complexes indicates a considerable structural similarity between the complexes from both sources, despite the differences in size and stoichiometry. PMID- 3899643 TI - Processes controlling sperm-egg fusion. AB - Sperm interaction with the egg envelopes triggers the acrosome reaction. Indeed, sperm-egg fusion is accomplished by the fusion of the acrosomal process (or of the exposed inner acrosomal membrane in mammals) with the egg plasma membrane. Fusion must be preceded by the establishment of molecular contact between the two membranes. It is suggested that, as in the case of artificial phospholipid membranes, the two major obstacles to the establishment of molecular contact are electrostatic repulsion and the hydration barrier. It is argued that morphology of the acrosome is such as to favour the overcoming of such barriers. By analogy with the conditions governing fusion of artificial phospholipid membranes and cell fusion, it is proposed that the following processes play a role in sperm-egg fusion. The large calcium uptake accompanying the acrosome reaction may help fusion either through the known effect of calcium on fusion of phospholipid membranes or by shielding the surface charges of the acrosomal process. Fusogenic proteins at the surface of the acrosomal process are likely to play a role in the fusion of the acrosomal process with the egg plasma membrane. The activation of phospholipases in conjunction with the acrosome reaction may also be instrumental in sperm-egg fusion through the transient production of lysophosphatides. Clearance or translocation of intramembraneous proteins in the egg plasma membrane at the site of contact with the acrosomal process may also be required for fusion. Lastly it is suggested that a translocation or a conformational change of some proteins of the egg plasma membrane, which is required for fusion, may be induced by the depolarization of the egg plasma membrane that follows molecular contact with the acrosomal process. PMID- 3899644 TI - Protein-blotting on Polybrene-coated glass-fiber sheets. A basis for acid hydrolysis and gas-phase sequencing of picomole quantities of protein previously separated on sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel. AB - A procedure has been developed which allows the immobilization on glass-fiber sheets coated with the polyquaternary amine, Polybrene, of proteins and protein fragments previously separated on sodium-dodecylsulfate-containing polyacrylamide gels. The transfer is carried out essentially as has been used for protein blotting on nitrocellulose membranes [Towbin, H., Staehelin, T. and Gordon, J. (1979) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 76, 4350-4354], but is now used to determine the amino acid composition and partial sequence of the immobilized proteins. Protein transfer could be carried out after staining the proteins in the gels with Coomassie blue, by which immobilized proteins are visible as blue spots, or without previous staining, after which transferred proteins are detected as fluorescent spots following reaction with fluorescamine. The latter procedure was found to be more efficient and yielded binding capacities of +/- 20 micrograms/cm2. Fluorescamine detection was of equal or higher sensitivity than the classical Coomassie staining of proteins in the gel. Immobilized proteins could be hydrolyzed when still present on the glass fiber and reliable amino acid compositions were obtained for various reference proteins immobilized in less than 100 pmol quantities. In addition, and more importantly, glass-fiber-bound proteins could be subjected to the Edman degradation procedure by simply cutting out the area of the sheet carrying the immobilized protein and mounting the disc in the reaction chamber of the gas-phase sequenator. Results of this immobilization-sequencing technique are shown for immobilized myoglobin (1 nmol) and two proteolytic fragments of actin (+/- 80 pmol each) previously separated on a sodium-dodecylsulfate-containing gel. PMID- 3899645 TI - Tropomyosin in peripheral ruffles of cultured rat kidney cells. AB - Tropomyosin distribution has been studied in two normal lines and one transformed line of rat kidney cells during the early phases of substrate attachment and growth. One non-motile normal line, which spreads rapidly after attachment, immediately begins to assemble prominent stress fibers that contain tropomyosin. It displays small peripheral ruffles that are not noticeably stained with anti tropomyosin. The other normal line is motile and produces large ruffles that are brightly stained with anti-tropomyosin. Large numbers of tropomyosin-positive stress fibers assemble only after the cells stop moving and lose the peripheral ruffles. The transformed line does not assemble stress fibers but does contain large numbers of actin filament bundles in ruffles on the cell surface that are stained with anti-tropomyosin. These observations indicate that cytoskeletal tropomyosin is not restricted in distribution to stress fibers, and may undergo re-organization along with actin during the transition from motile to non-motile behavior. PMID- 3899646 TI - Immunocytochemical localization of the mannose receptor on ultrathin cryosections of chicken macrophages. AB - Emulphogene-solubilized chicken macrophages were used for the isolation of the mannose receptor by affinity chromatography on mannose-sepharose. From 5 X 10(9) cells 1 microgram protein was obtained, which was separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) into 2 bands with an approximate molecular weight of 130 and 170 kDa. The agglutinating activity was assayed with mannan-coated M. luteus cells. Agglutination was inhibited by D mannose, L-fucose and D-N-acetylglucosamine. A rabbit antibody against the protein competed with mannan and mannosylated ferritin for the binding sites. The receptor was localized by immunolabelling on ultrathin frozen sections and the relative density of labelling/cell compartment was calculated. The receptor appeared randomly distributed on the surface. Labelling of coated pits was occasional. A higher density of the gold marker was found on surface infoldings (filopods, lamellopods). Subcellular membranous structures contained few labelled regions, with a relative increase from rough endoplasmatic reticulum to Golgi vacuoles. The highest average density was found on membranes of large vesicles near the surface, presumably derived from lamellopods which fuse at their tips to create an internalized vacuole. Fluorescence micrographs showed the complex folding of plasma processes, sometimes forming crater-like apertures. The particular fluorescence intensity of methanol-fixed cells, due to large vesicles, reflects the amount of receptor which is not exposed on the surface. The extent of receptor-rich membrane involved in formation of surface infoldings, craters and large vesicles indicates their role in receptor traffic in the absence of specific ligands. PMID- 3899648 TI - Dynamics of aortic flow in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. AB - The purpose of this study was to reassess left ventricular ejection dynamics in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, to investigate whether a premature stoppage of ejection occurs, as previously reported, and whether reliable criteria for left ventricular outflow tract obstruction can be established by non-invasive evaluation of aortic flow patterns. In a group of 21 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, composed of 9 with the obstructive form (HOCM), 9 with the non obstructive form (HNCM) and 3 with apical hypertrophy (HACM), instantaneous flow velocities across the ascending aorta were determined non-invasively with a 16 gated Doppler 2-D echo instrument. Ten normals served as controls. The 16 flow velocities were averaged over 8 heart beats and the relative volume flow rate was calculated by microprocessor analysis. Ejection time (i.e. flow time) derived from the flow curves was compared with the available ejection period as determined from the carotid pulse tracing. In normals, ejection time amounted to 94 +/- 3% of the available ejection period, in HOCM to 92 +/- 5% and in HNCM to 93 +/- 4% (no significant differences). In HACM, however, ejection time was reduced to 71 +/- 14% of the available ejection period. In contrast to HNCM, aortic flow in HOCM was characterized by an early peak followed by a plateau at a sizably lower flow level for the rest of systole. Flow time of an abnormally short duration was the hallmark of HACM. We conclude that in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, HOCM and HNCM can be distinguished by the shape of their volume flow curves. A premature stoppage of ejection is only found in patients with HACM. PMID- 3899647 TI - Modulation of low density lipoprotein receptor activity in squamous carcinoma cells by variation in cell density. AB - Morphological and biochemical studies on low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor metabolism were performed in squamous carcinoma cells (SCC-15 and SCC-12F2). Modulation of terminal differentiation was achieved by culturing these cells at different cell densities. Studies on these cells cultured at low density (hardly any terminal differentiation) showed the following results: High affinity binding of LDL was excessive; LDL binding to SCC-15 cells was twice as high as that in SCC-12F2 cells and in fibroblasts. The distribution of the LDL binding visualized by LDL receptor antibodies was non-linear. There was no contact inhibition of LDL binding. LDL-gold particles were mainly bound to the plasma membrane outside coated pits. LDL-gold particles were internalized and delivered to dense bodies (= lysosomes). Degradation of LDL took place after a lag period of 10 min. Dissociation of LDL from the plasma membrane was substantial (more than 40% after a 120 min chase period). The same experiments on the cells cultured at high density (terminal differentiation present) showed several differences: A sharp decrease in high affinity LDL binding in both cell types. The internalization of surface bound LDL was defective in most of the squamous carcinoma cells. Dissociation of LDL from the plasma membrane was substantial, and after a chase period of 120 min at 37 degrees C still more than 20% of LDL remained intracellular and was not degraded. We postulate that LDL receptor-mediated endocytosis and degradation take place in squamous carcinoma cells but that during the process of terminal differentiation modulation of LDL-receptor metabolism occurs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3899649 TI - Diagnosis of tricuspid regurgitation. Sensitivity of Doppler ultrasound compared with contrast echocardiography. AB - Fifty-one patients underwent Doppler studies of tricuspid flow and 2-D derived M mode studies of the inferior vena cava (IVC) during upper extremity contrast injections. Tricuspid regurgitation (TR) was diagnosed with Doppler when reverse flow in systole was recorded at and behind the closure level of the tricuspid valve. TR was diagnosed with contrast echocardiography (CE) when contrast appeared in the IVC between the onset of the QRS complex and the end of the T wave of the ECG. Of the 49 patients who had TR diagnosed with Doppler, contrast was recorded in the IVC in 46, but only 18 (37%) fulfilled the criterion for a positive CE study. When the severity of the TR was semiquantitated with Doppler, CE diagnosed 1 of 25 mild, 5 of 11 moderate, and 12 of 13 severe regurgitations. When systolic contrast appearance in the IVC after the peak of the R-wave was used as the criterion for a positive contrast study, CE missed 2 of 13 severe regurgitations. In the 24 catheterized patients the CE study was positive only when an abnormal V-wave in the right atrial pressure curve was present. Doppler is a more sensitive method than CE for diagnosing TR and is more readily applied. PMID- 3899650 TI - Haemodynamic effects of high doses of insulin during acute left ventricular failure in dogs. AB - Haemodynamic effects of pharmacological doses of insulin during acute ischaemic heart failure were studied in 8 dogs. Severe depression of left ventricular function was induced by the injection of 50 micron plastic microspheres into the left main coronary artery. This was demonstrated by a significant increase in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and a significant decrease in the maximum rate of left ventricular pressure rise (LVdP/dtmax), stroke volume and cardiac output. Eighty-five minutes after the embolization procedure, 300 IU of insulin free of glucagon and calcium was injected as a bolus. This was followed by infusion of glucose and potassium to maintain physiological levels of these factors. Five minutes after insulin administration, there was a significant improvement in left ventricular performance as shown by decreased left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (P less than 0.01) and increased LVdP/dtmax (P less than 0.01), stroke volume (P less than 0.05) and cardiac output (P less than 0.05). A significant reduction in heart rate occurred. A non-significant increase in mean aortic blood pressure and reduction in total peripheral resistance were seen. In conclusion, pharmacological doses of insulin significantly improve cardiac pump function during acute ischaemic left ventricular failure in dogs. PMID- 3899651 TI - Metabolic effects of high doses of insulin during acute left ventricular failure in dogs. AB - Metabolic effects of pharmacological doses of insulin were studied during acute ischaemic heart failure in 7 dogs. Severe depression of left ventricular performance was induced by embolization of the left main coronary artery with 50 micron plastic microspheres. This was followed by a significant reduction in myocardial blood flow and oxygen consumption. After a period of stabilization of the haemodynamic and metabolic variables, 300 IU of insulin free of glucagon and calcium was injected as a bolus dose. Glucose and potassium were given to maintain their plasma concentrations. Insulin significantly improved performance of the failing left ventricle. Myocardial blood flow was significantly increased, whereas myocardial oxygen consumption was unchanged. Insulin significantly reduced arterial concentrations and myocardial uptake of free fatty acids, while myocardial uptake of glucose and lactate showed a non-significant increase. In conclusion, pharmacological doses of insulin significantly improve cardiac pump function without increasing myocardial oxygen consumption during acute ischaemic left ventricular failure in dogs. This may be partly related to reduced myocardial uptake of free fatty acids relative to that of glucose. PMID- 3899652 TI - Comparison of intravenous digital subtraction cineangiocardiography with conventional contrast ventriculography for the determination of the left ventricular volume at rest and during exercise. AB - Left ventricular volumes were determined by means of digital subtraction cineangiocardiography (DSA) which was performed in the right anterior oblique projection after contrast agent injection into the superior vena cava. Monoplane end-diastolic (EDV), end-systolic volumes (ESV), and ejection fraction (EF) were calculated using the 'area-length' method and were compared with the same parameters obtained by conventional left ventricular cineangiocardiography. A first group of 20 patients was studied at rest and a second group of 10 patients during bicycle exercise at a work load of 64 watts during 2 min, by DSA and conventional cineangiocardiography. Three different subtraction modes were evaluated: (1) mask mode subtraction (MMS), (2) time interval difference (TID) method and (3) a combination of MMS and TID called MMS + TID method. With the MMS method good correlations were obtained for EDV, ESV and EF at rest (r greater than 0.91) and during exercise (r greater than 0.91). The TID method showed only moderate correlations for patients at rest (r greater than 0.86) and during exercise (r greater than 0.79). Similar results as with MMS were achieved by the combined method (MMS + TID) at rest (r greater than 0.91) and during exercise (r greater than 0.91). Interobserver variability indicated a high reproducibility for all methods except for TID during exercise. It is concluded that DSA is an accurate technique for left ventricular volume determination not only at rest but also during exercise. The best results are obtained with MMS or MMS + TID methods, while left ventricular contour detection is easier and more convenient with MMS + TID. PMID- 3899653 TI - Effect of i.v. and oral tiapamil in the treatment of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. AB - Eleven patients, with recurrent paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardias (PSVT) underwent programmed electrical stimulation of the heart to evaluate the efficacy of intravenous (i.v.) and oral tiapamil in these arrhythmias. The tachycardia circuit was confined to the atrio-ventricular (AV) node in 8 cases (group 1), and involved an overt or concealed accessory pathway for retrograde conduction in the 3 others (group 2). An i.v. bolus containing 2 mg kg-1 body weight of tiapamil converted 6 of the 8 cases in group 1 from PSVT to normal sinus rhythm (NSR) within a few seconds, but failed to do so in any of the three patients in group 2. Both the oral and i.v. preparations significantly lengthened the shortest cycle length maintaining 1:1 AV conduction. I.v. administration also lengthened the corresponding value for 1:1 VA retrograde conduction. The oral and i.v. preparations were equally effective in preventing induction of PSVT in 6/8 patients in group 1, but failed in group 2. The efficacy of oral tiapamil in preventing such induction was also accurately predicted from the effect of the i.v. tiapamil on conversion to NSR. After the first week, the six successfully treated patients continued taking 1.2 to 1.5 g day-1 tiapamil for 9.7 +/- 4 months. Complete suppression of their symptoms was observed in 5 cases. PMID- 3899654 TI - Intravenous and intracoronary fibrinolytic therapy in acute myocardial infarction: overview of results on mortality, reinfarction and side-effects from 33 randomized controlled trials. AB - During the past 25 years, 24 randomized trials of intravenous (IV) fibrinolytic treatment have been reported, involving a total of some 6000 patients in the acute phase of myocardial infarction. Most tested IV streptokinase (SK), but a few tested IV urokinase (UK). In the past 2 or 3 years numerous small randomized trials of intracoronary (IC) SK have been started, 9 of which, involving a total of about 1000 such patients, have been reported. Because all of these IV and IC trials were small (the largest including only 747 patients), their separate results appear contradictory and unreliable. But, an overview of the data from these trials indicates that IV treatment produces a highly significant (22% +/- 5%, P less than 0.001) reduction in the odds of death, an even larger reduction in the odds of reinfarction, and an absolute frequency of serious adverse effects to set against this that is much smaller than the absolute mortality reduction. The apparent size of the mortality reduction in the IV trials was similar whether anticoagulants were compulsory or optional, whether treatment was in a coronary care unit or an ordinary ward and, surprisingly, whether treatment began early (less than 6 h from onset of symptoms) or late (generally 12-24 h). In addition, there was no evidence that UK was more effective than the less expensive SK, or that, despite their technical complexity, the new IC regimes were more effective than the old IV regimes. Even the IV schedules that have been studied in randomized trials were, however, quite complex, and the IC schedules were far more so. Perhaps partly because of this, none of them is widely used. If so, then some much simpler, and hence more widely practicable, IV SK regimes should be developed and tested. For example, a simple one hour high-dose IV SK infusion, without anticoagulation, will successfully convert virtually all of the available plasminogen into plasmin. But, it may be several years before the net effects on mortality of any more widely practicable IV SK regimes can be agreed unless many of the hospitals that do not wish routinely to use IC regimes or the complex previous IV regimes will collaborate in multicentre randomized trials that can, if necessary, continue rapid intake until some tens of thousands of patients have been randomized, and some thousands of deaths have been observed among the control and treated patients. The same, of course, may be true for any other fibrinolytic regimes (e.g. infusion of tissue plasminogen activator) if their net effects on mortality are comparable to those of IV SK. PMID- 3899655 TI - Proarrhythmic and antiarrhythmic effects of intravenous prostacyclin in man. AB - Prostacyclin (PGI2) has been shown to reduce the occurrence of experimental ventricular arrhythmias. To assess potential beneficial effects in man, the electrophysiological action of PGI2 was studied in 16 non medicated patients. The protocol used in incremental pacing and programmed stimulation in the right atrium and ventricle. This protocol and measurement of effective refractory periods (ERP) were performed before and during the injection of 2.5, 5 and 10 ng kg-1 min-1 of PGI2. The atrial functional refractory period decreased significantly (P less than 0.05); PGI2 had no influence on the occurrence of inducible non-sustained (NS) atrial tachycardias and was responsible for the occurrence of 2 non-sustained atrial tachycardias in 8 patients with inducible atrial echo beats under basal conditions. Thirteen patients did not have inducible ventricular tachycardia (VT) under basal conditions. Non-sustained VT was induced after PGI2 in 4 of them but in only 1 of them after the administration of propranolol. Three patients had inducible VT under basal conditions (1 non-sustained, 2 sustained VT). PGI2 did not prevent the occurrence of VT (1 non-sustained, 1 sustained VT), except in 1 patient with ischaemic related VT, who had non-sustained VT after PGI2. In conclusion, PGI2 does not seem to have a cardiac antiarrhythmic effect and may increase the atrial and ventricular repetitive response. This effect could be related to an increase of adrenergic tone. PMID- 3899656 TI - 99mTc-DTPA gamma-camera renography: normal values and rapid determination of single-kidney glomerular filtration rate. AB - A method for 99mTc-diethylenetriaminepentaacetate (DTPA) gamma-camera renography is presented. From each renogram, an uptake index (UI) proportional to the single kidney glomerular filtration rate (SKGFR) is defined. If the proportionality factor between UI and SKGFR is the same in all patients, UI can be used as an accurate measure of SKGFR. In order to test this, 99mTc-DTPA renography was performed in 101 patients with glomerular filtration rates (GFR) varying between 4 and 172 ml/min. The sum of the right- and left-kidney UIs correlated well with the total GFR calculated from the simultaneously measured plasma clearance of 99mTc-DTPA after a single injection. The correlation coefficient was 0.97. The method was tested in a prospective study of 57 patients. The total GFR estimated from the renograms was not significantly different from the GFR calculated from the plasma clearance of 99mTc-DTPA. The coefficient of variation--a combination of inaccuracy and imprecision in the estimates as well as in the reference values was 11.8% at a GFR of 100 ml/min. It is concluded that, in adults, the SKGFR can be calculated as part of the clinical routine from 99mTc-DTPA gamma-camera renography without determining the injected dose or collecting urine or blood samples. Normal values for some parameters of the renogram obtained in 25 normal subjects are given. PMID- 3899657 TI - Diffuse pulmonary uptake of 99mTc bone-imaging agents: case report and survey. AB - Over the past 5 years, we have encountered 6 cases of diffuse pulmonary uptake of 99m-Tc bone-scanning agents (incidence, 0.04%). To assess the significance of this phenomenon, we reviewed all of the cases reported since 1974 (Including our series, a total of 32 cases). Three groups can be discerned, the first consisting of 24 patients without radiological calcifications in the lungs and with hypercalcemia of different origins (mostly hyperparathyroidism). Of the eight autopsies performed in this group, seven revealed extensive calcifications in alveolar walls and lung vessels; the other autopsy showed no calcification at all and only bronchopneumonic lesions. The second group consists of 6 patients in chronic dialysis. The last group consists of 2 patients having diffuse pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis with extensive radiologic calcifications. The mechanism of lung uptake of 99m-Tc bone-imaging agents is probably the same as that of bone uptake (chemisorption on hydroxyapatite crystals), although other uptake mechanisms have also been discussed. Bone scintigraphy can be useful in the detection of early pulmonary calcifications, which have been associated with impaired pulmonary function and, due to their size, are generally not detected by X-ray. PMID- 3899658 TI - Comparative assessment of techniques for estimation of glomerular filtration rate with 99mTc-DTPA. AB - The relative accuracy of five simplified methods of measuring glomerular filtration rate was prospectively assessed using 99mTc-DTPA. The slope of the biological clearance curve, the 3-h volume of dilution and three renal tracer uptake methods (Piepsz, Gates and Nielsen) were concurrently compared with a multiple blood sampling reference method. The volume of dilution method from a single blood sample was markedly superior to the other four simplified methods which all had a similar degree of accuracy. PMID- 3899659 TI - A combined procedure for 99mTc aerosol ventilation and perfusion imaging. AB - For several years, radioaerosols have been successfully used to provide detailed images of regional ventilation to aid in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. It has been widely advocated that the ventilation images should follow the perfusion scan and that the amount of aerosol deposited in the patient's lungs should be three times greater than the perfusion dose. We employed an alternative approach which avoided the deposition of an unpredictable amount of aerosol in individual patients. The aerosol study was performed first, and the activity of the microspheres used for the perfusion images was then tailored to the actual amount of aerosol which the patient had retained. This allowed a microsphere/aerosol activity ratio of 10:1 to be readily achieved, thus successfully masking the ventilation pattern by the perfusion activity. The faster biological clearance of 99mTc-DTPA aerosol from the lung fields, as compared to 99mTc-sulphur-colloid aerosol, allowed higher initial activities to be deposited in the lungs, thus enabling a high-resolution collimator to be used. When the perfusion study was delayed by 1 h (one effective half-life for the 99mTc-DTPA aerosol), it was not necessary to increase the perfusion activity required to mask the ventilation image. PMID- 3899660 TI - Renal perfusion and mean vascular transit time. AB - A method was developed to determine the mean vascular (arterio-venous) transit time (MVTT) of renal transplants. The renal transit times were calculated from perfusion curves obtained when grafts were examined with 99mTc-DTPA. About 400 examinations were performed during a 6-month period. As a result, influences of clinical complications on transit times were demonstrated. It was found that the individual MVTT is not a suitable parameter for assessment of renal grafts since individual transit times vary widely. PMID- 3899661 TI - Severe combined immunodeficiency: treatment by bone marrow transplantation in 15 infants using HLA-haploidentical donors. AB - In 15 infants with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), immunological reconstitution was attempted by bone marrow transplantation (BMT) from HLA-haplo identical parents. To prevent graft versus host disease (GvHD), marrow grafts were depleted of contaminating T-lymphocytes using lectin agglutination and rosette formation with sheep red blood cells. Thirteen patients received transplants without undergoing prior cytoreductive conditioning. Eleven of these developed donor-dependent T-cell functions, two failed to do this. One of these two as well as two further patients received cytoreductive treatment prior to repeat and to first transplants and in two, complete lymphohemopoietic reconstitution was observed. Of the 15 patients who received transplants, 11 are currently alive. Two recently treated patients remain in the hospital, nine are at home with stable T-cell functions. Normal humoral immune functions have developed upto now in three patients. In the others, gamma globulins are regularly substituted. Complications of acute or chronic GvHD were not observed with the exception of one case who developed transient GvHD of the skin. These results suggest that in a majority of patients with SCID, T-cell functions can develop without GvHD following haploidentical, T-cell-depleted BMT. Exceptional patients require preconditioning to allow donor cell engraftment, an approach that also appears to facilitate reconstitution of humoral immune functions. PMID- 3899663 TI - Long-term treatment of peptic esophageal stenosis with dilatation and cimetidine: factors influencing clinical result. AB - Surgical treatment of severe peptic esophageal strictures is a serious problem in high-risk cases. Conservative treatment has to be considered as an alternative. In a prospective study, 33 patients were treated with dilatation of the stricture and a long-term medication with 4 X 400 mg cimetidine from 1977 to 1982. 28 patients were followed up for 6 months--6 years. 16 patients showed a good result (clinical stages I and II). 5 patients needed no further dilatation, but had significant symptoms (stage III). 4 patients had to be operated on because of serious symptoms and rapid restenosis. The clinical result was significantly less favorable in patients who took cimetidine irregularly or discontinued it (p less than 0.001) than in patients with good compliance. In addition, the result of endoscopy was poorer in poor compliance and the frequency of bougienage was greater than when cimetidine was taken regularly. Age, sex or initial length and diameter of the stricture did not significantly influence the outcome. We conclude that conservative treatment of peptic esophageal strictures yields good long-term results in 85% of patients, provided that a high dose of cimetidine is taken on a life-long basis. PMID- 3899662 TI - Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of vincamine and related compounds. AB - The pharmacokinetics and metabolism of vincamine, vinpocetine, methylene-methoxy apovincaminic acid ester and eburnamine have been reviewed. The main route of elimination for vincamine, vinpocetine and methylene-methoxy-apovincaminic acid ester is ester cleavage and conjugation in the case of eburnamine. Vincamine and its derivatives show significant differences in metabolic pathway and their elimination is rapid in the species studied. Emphasis has been placed on the analytical methods used for monitoring these drugs in biological systems. PMID- 3899664 TI - Oxybutinin and the prevention of urinary incontinence in spina bifida. AB - A controlled study was performed to determine the effect of oxybutinin on incontinence in spina bifida patients on clean, intermittent self catheterisation. Cure or significant improvement was achieved in 66.6% of the patients. Bladder capacity was increased and filling pressure reduced during treatment. PMID- 3899665 TI - Caliceal urinary fistula in renal allotransplantation. Case report and review of the literature. AB - A patient is described in whom a caliceal fistula occurred after renal transplantation due to secondary thrombosis of a branch of a revascularized polar artery. A review of the literature shows that caliceal fistula is an unusual vascular complication which can be avoided by careful removal and meticulous bench surgery. Study of the radionuclides should enable an early and reliable diagnosis. Surgical treatment is needed as soon as the diagnosis is confirmed. Omentoplasty gives the best results. PMID- 3899666 TI - The Christie Hospital tamoxifen (Nolvadex) adjuvant trial for operable breast carcinoma--7-yr results. AB - The Christie Hospital Tamoxifen Trial was a randomised trial to assess the efficacy of tamoxifen (Nolvadex) as an adjunct to surgical treatment for operable breast carcinoma. From 1 November 1976 to 1 June 1982 1005 patients were registered, of whom 961 are evaluable. Following surgery, premenopausal women were randomly allocated to either tamoxifen (TAM) 20 mg/day for 1 yr or to have an irradiation menopause. Postmenopausal women had TAM 20 mg/day for 1 yr or no further treatment (controls). The analysis at 7 yr shows that there is no statistically significant difference in the overall survival for premenopausal women between those given TAM and those given ovarian irradiation. Similarly for the postmenopausal women there was no significant difference in overall survival between the TAM and control groups. However, if the series of 961 patients is analysed as a whole and allowance is made for node status then the TAM-treated patients show a significant survival benefit (P = 0.05). There was also a statistically significant delay in first relapse for the TAM-treated patients (P = 0.04); with a particularly marked reduction in distant metastases in postmenopausal patients (P = 0.06). TAM was extremely well tolerated, with very few side-effects. PMID- 3899667 TI - Measuring the social position of the mainstreamed handicapped child. PMID- 3899668 TI - Acute haemodynamic effects of felodipine in congestive heart failure. AB - The haemodynamic effects of felodipine 0.1 mg/kg p.o., a new arteriolar dilator, were studied in 7 patients with severe congestive heart failure of NYHA Class IV (Group A) and in 3 patients in Class II-III (Group B). In Group A, measurements were made before and 1 and 4 h after felodipine administration. There was a substantial fall in systemic arterial pressure, which was not associated with a compensatory tachycardia. In fact, there was a fall in heart rate from 92 to 82 beats/min 1 h after drug administration. The pulmonary capillary wedge pressure was reduced from 22 to 14 mm Hg and the cardiac index and stroke volume index rose significantly. Consequently, there was a marked reduction in systemic vascular resistance. In Group B measurements were performed at rest and during exercise before and 1 h after felodipine. The pulmonary wedge capillary pressure during exercise was lower than in the control situation. Coronary sinus flow was increased and there was a pronounced fall in coronary vascular resistance. The results would suggest that felodipine, by virtue of its ventricular unloading potency, might be a valuable drug in the treatment of congestive heart failure. PMID- 3899669 TI - Effect of pinacidil on blood pressure, plasma catecholamines and plasma renin activity in essential hypertension. AB - Pinacidil, a new cyanoguanidine derivative, is an antihypertensive agent with arteriolar vasodilating properties, which acts on precapillary resistance vessels. A trial was carried out in 30 patients with essential hypertension WHO I II. The treatment period was divided into three phases. Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) and amiloride were administered for 4 weeks in Phase 1 and supine and standing blood pressure decreased significantly. During Phase 2 pinacidil was added to HCTZ/amiloride for the following 3 months. A further significant reduction in blood pressure was obtained. In the next period of treatment (Phase 3) patients were divided into two groups. For 1 month Group A (15 patients) received pinacidil alone and Group B (15 patients) received HCTZ/amiloride. Conventional laboratory blood tests in all patients remained unchanged during treatment. Reported side effects during Phase 2 were headache (2 patients), dizziness (3 patients), palpitations (2 patients) and ankle oedema (2 patients). Plasma renin activity was slightly increased at the end both of Phases 1 and 2. Plasma catecholamines were increased but not significantly at the end of Phase 2 as compared to Phase 1. The results indicate that pinacidil is effective in lowering blood pressure in mild to moderate essential hypertension. PMID- 3899670 TI - Haemodynamic effects of indenolol at rest and after a submaximal workload in essential hypertension. AB - The effect of indenolol on heart rate and blood pressure at rest and after submaximal workload has been studied in 19 patients with established essential hypertension. A stepwise increase from moderate to submaximal exercise was chosen to mimic challenges normally occurring in daily life. After 4 weeks of once a day indenolol therapy a significant, gradual reduction in the following cardiovascular parameters was observed: heart rate at rest fell by 20%, 30% after exercise and 31% after recovery; systolic blood pressure showed a fall of 15% at rest, 19% after workload and 14% after recovery; the reduction in diastolic blood pressure was 15% at rest, 11% after exercise and 12% after recovery. The rate pressure product was decreased by 32% at rest, 43% after exercise and 42% after recovery. It is concluded that the most important pharmacological effect of indenolol is the significant decrease in myocardial oxygen demand. In patients with essential hypertension indenolol not only produces a definite antihypertensive effect, but it also increases workload tolerance and decreases subjective symptoms during physical activity. Compliance was good and no severe side effects were observed. PMID- 3899671 TI - A comparison of labetalol and prazosin combined with atenolol in non-responders to atenolol plus hydrochlorothiazide in uncomplicated hypertension. AB - After screening two local populations in the northern part of The Netherlands for hypertension, patients with a diastolic pressure (DP) between 95 and 120 mmHg were treated daily either with 50 mg hydrochlorothiazide or 100 mg atenolol. Nonresponders were given the combination and if necessary the dose of atenolol was increased to 200 mg. Non-responders to the latter combination were randomized and treated either with 50 mg hydrochlorothiazide and labetalol or with 50 mg hydrochlorothiazide, 200 mg atenolol and prazosin. If after 1 month a DP less than or equal to 90 mmHg had been reached the patient was reassessed after a further 3 months. If a DP greater than 90 mmHg was found the dose of labetalol or prazosin was increased and the patient was re-examined after 1 month. This protocol was followed until the maximum dose was reached or adverse reactions prevented a further increase in dosage. During 6 months of treatment there was a further drop in systolic and diastolic blood pressures under both regimens of, respectively, 8.6 and 2.4 mmHg for labetalol, and 7.7 and 5.0 mmHg for the prazosin group. At the end of the period the average daily doses of labetalol and prazosin were 1256 mg and 4.3 mg, respectively. There was no significant difference in the average number of complaints between the labetalol and the prazosin group. PMID- 3899672 TI - Effects of prazosin and alphamethyldopa on blood lipids and lipoproteins in hypertensive patients. AB - The effects of prazosin and alphamethyldopa on blood lipids and lipoproteins were assessed in 20 patients with mild or moderate arterial hypertension. Parameters measured included serum cholesterol (CHO), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-CHO), insulin (I), glucose (G), and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA). Prazosin -4 mg/day for 6 weeks in hydrochlorothiazide-treated patients lowered blood pressure by 18.6/17.2 (systolic/diastolic pressure) mmHg. There was a significant decrease in CHO (-5.8%), in I (-16.5%), and in NEFA ( 3.0%), and a significant increase in HDL-CHO (+15.5%). Alphamethyldopa 250-750 mg/day for 6 weeks in hydrochlorothiazide-treated patients lowered blood pressure by 18.8/14.6 (systolic/diastolic pressure) mmHg, accompanied by a non-significant decrease in CHO and TG, and significant increases in HDL-CHO (+10.3%), G (+8.5%) and NEFA (+6.4%). Thus, prazosin appears to have a more beneficial effect on blood lipids and lipoproteins than alphamethyldopa. PMID- 3899673 TI - Protective effect by UCB JO28 against histamine and methacholine induced bronchial hyperreactivity. AB - UCB JO28 [( 2-[2-[4-(diphenylmethylene)-1-piperidinyl] ethoxy] ethoxy] acetic acid, hydrochloride) is derived from diphenylmethylene piperidine. Animal experiments have shown that it has spasmolytic properties for smooth muscle, particularly in the bronchi, as well as anti-Hl, anticholinergic and anti serotonin activities. The degree of protection by JO28 against histamine and methacholine-induced bronchospasm has been investigated in 20 asthmatic patients with serious airways hyper-reactivity. Protection against histamine-induced bronchospasm was almost complete in 11 out of 12 patients, whereas protection against methacholine-induced bronchospasm, although clearly present in seven of eight patients, was less marked. PMID- 3899674 TI - Assessment of the antimineralocorticoid effect of RU 28318 in healthy men with induced exogenous and endogenous hypermineralocorticism. AB - The antimineralocorticoid effect of a single dose of RU 28318, has been assessed in healthy men with exogenous or endogenous hypermineralocorticism. For exogenous hypermineralocorticism induced by ingestion of 9 alpha-fluorohydrocortisone (9 alpha-FHC) and aldosterone infusion, RU 28318 100 mg (9 alpha-FHC ingestion) or 200 mg (aldosterone infusion) was administered, and its effect compared with identical doses of spironolactone or a placebo. For endogenous hypermineralocorticism induced by ingestion of furosemide, RU 28318 100 and 300 mg was tested in comparison with 100 mg spironolactone or placebo. In all 3 studies, both RU 28318 and spironolactone significantly raised the urinary Na/K ratio when compared to placebo administration. No significant difference was apparent between RU 28318 and spironolactone. Thus, a single dose of RU 28318 in man has an antimineralocorticoid effect identical to those produced by the identical molar dose of spironolactone. In addition, the results show that furosemide-induced hyperaldosteronism constitutes a simple and reproducible test for assessing the antimineralocorticoid effect of a drug. PMID- 3899675 TI - Relationship between clinical effects, serum drug concentration and serotonin uptake inhibition in depressed patients treated with citalopram. A double-blind comparison of three dose levels. AB - Three dose levels (5, 25, and 50 mg once daily) of the selective serotonin uptake inhibitor citalopram were compared in a four-week, double-blind trial in depressed patients. Serum levels of citalopram and desmethylcitalopram, and the inhibitory effect of serum on serotonin uptake by fresh platelets, were assessed once weekly during the trial. The serum concentrations of citalopram were highly correlated with inhibition of serotonin uptake. Less of the metabolite was found, it being detected only in the higher dose groups. Steady state levels of citalopram, attained after 1 week, were linearly related to dose. The relationship between improvement (percentage reduction in total score on the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale) and serum level of citalopram indicated a lower limit of effect in endogenous depression at about 100 nM, corresponding to an average dose of 15 mg. Marked improvement was seen in ten patients with steady state levels in the range 70 to 335 nM. The ten nonendogenously depressed patients had steady state levels from 15 to 620 nM; complete remission was seen in the three with the lowest levels (15-25 nM). No significant correlation was found between serum drug level and the few reported side effects. PMID- 3899676 TI - Interaction of diazepam or lorazepam with alcohol. Psychomotor effects and bioassayed serum levels after single and repeated doses. AB - Nine healthy volunteers in a double-blind, cross-over trial received diazepam (DZ) 10 mg, lorazepam (LZ) 2.5 mg, or placebo (P). Serum benzodiazepine (BZ) was bioassayed (radioreceptor method) and psychomotor tests were carried out on Day 1 (before and 1 h after the first dose) and on Day 4 (before and after the fifth dose). In each session alcohol 1 g/kg was administered 1.5 h after drug intake and the measurements were repeated twice. Serum BZ concentrations, expressed as DZ equivalents (microgram/l), ranged from 390 to 440 and from 990 to 1240 measured 2 h 45 min after the first doses of DZ and LZ, respectively. On Day 1 BZ alone impaired psychomotor skills. LZ affected performance more in objective tests, but DZ was subjectively rated as causing more drowsiness. After the intake of alcohol, all groups showed impairment in various tests. The rank order was LZ + alcohol greater than DZ + alcohol greater than P + alcohol. Residual BZ activity on Day 4, measured 18 h after the fourth dose, averaged 290 and 450 micrograms/l after DZ and LZ, respectively. At the same time slight residual exophoria was found after both BZs. Tolerance to BZs on Day 4 was unambiguous only when drug effects were related to the bioassayed serum levels. The combined action of BZs and alcohol was similar on Days 1 and 4. However, a tendency to an increased drug-alcohol interaction during advanced treatment with DZ was seen in the body sway test.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3899677 TI - Psychopharmacological effects of vinpocetine in normal healthy volunteers. AB - Twelve healthy female volunteers received pre-treatments with vinpocetine 10, 20, 40 mg and placebo (t.d.s.) for two days according to a randomised, double-blind crossover design. On the third day of treatment and 1 h following morning dosage, subjects completed a battery of psychological tests including Critical Flicker Fusion (CFF), Choice Reaction Time (CRT), Subjective Ratings of Drug Effects (LARS) and a Sternberg Memory Scanning Test. No statistically significant changes from placebo were observed on CFF, CRT or subjective ratings of drug effects. However, memory as assessed using the Sternberg technique was found to be significantly improved following treatment with vinpocetine 40 mg when compared to placebo and results suggested a localised effect of the drug on the serial comparison stage of the reaction process. PMID- 3899678 TI - Interactions between smectite, a mucus stabilizer, and acidic and basic drugs. In vitro and in vivo studies. AB - The interaction of phenylbutazone and diazepam with smectite were studied in in vivo and in-vitro. The kinetics of both drugs were investigated in healthy subjects after oral administration as monotherapy or in association with smectite. Smectite did not substantially alter the kinetics of phenylbutazone, whereas the peak plasma concentration of diazepam was reduced to 91%, and the time of peak concentration was prolonged by 153% of the control values. The in vitro investigations were conducted at pH 5.5 and 8 and showed that there was no interaction between phenylbutazone and smectite, but that it adsorbed diazepam. The findings suggest that smectite delays the absorption of basic drugs and does not alter the absorption kinetics of acidic drugs. PMID- 3899679 TI - Pharmacokinetics of an extended-release dosage form of molsidomine in patients with coronary heart disease. AB - Molsidomine (N-carboxy-3-morpholino-sydnonimine-ethylester; Cassella-Riedel Pharma GmbH, Frankfurt/M. FRG) has an antianginal effect for up to 3-5 h after oral administration of 2 mg Corvaton [1]. Plasma levels of the parent drug can be measured during this interval. A new galenic formulation (Corvaton retard) has been developed to prolong the duration of the therapeutic action and to improve patient compliance. The present study was carried out to establish whether the in vitro dissolution profile of the tablet was reflected in vivo, thus permitting prediction of plasma molsidomine levels in patients with coronary heart disease. PMID- 3899680 TI - Ontogenic studies on the appearance of two classes of immunoglobulin-forming cells in the spleen of the Aleutian skate, Bathyraja aleutica, a cartilaginous fish. AB - We identified the presence in the Aleutian skate, Bathyraja aleutica, of two classes of immunoglobulins (Ig), a high molecular weight Ig analogous to mammalian IgM and a low molecular weight Ig, similarly to the spiny rasp skate, Raja kenojei, (Kobayashi, K. et al., Mol. Immunol. 1984. 21: 397), using an immunological cross-reaction with the specific antisera to the spiny rasp skate Ig components. The antigenic similarity of the heavy chains of the Ig of the Aleutian skate and those of the spiny rasp skate was less than that between their light chains. Two types of Ig-producing cells, one producing the high molecular weight and the other forming the low molecular weight Ig, were present in the spleen of embryos and adults in the Aleutian skate at a ratio of 5-6:4-5. The number of these Ig-producing cells increased with advancing development of the embryos but was 1/20 to 1/50 of those of adults. Cells, each of which were capable of forming both classes of Ig, were found in the spleen of embryos but not in that of adults. These results suggested that the spleen of the Aleutian skate is the primary lymphoid organ for B lymphocyte differentiation and proliferation, possibly equivalent to the bursa of birds. PMID- 3899681 TI - Cardiovascular responses to an isosterically modified prostaglandin analog in the anesthetized dog. AB - The cardiovascular responses to intravenous administration of an isosterically modified prostaglandin (PG) analog, (+)-4-(3-[3-[2-(1-hydroxycyclohexyl)-ethyl]-4 oxo-thiazolidinyl]-propyl) benzoic acid, were determined in open-chest, anesthetized dogs. These responses were compared to responses with the naturally occurring prostaglandings, PGD2 and PGI2, and vasodilators, hydralazine, sodium nitroprusside, nifedipine and verapamil. Following administration of 5, 20 and 100 micrograms/kg PG analog, total peripheral resistance was significantly decreased from 74 +/- 2 to 59 +/- 6, 37 +/- 5 and 24 +/- 1 mmHg/l per min, respectively. Cardiac output was increased by the highest dose of PG analog; however, heart rate, left ventricular contractility and left ventricular end diastolic pressure were not changed. This profile of cardiac and vascular responses was similar to responses with PGI2 and hydralazine suggesting that PG analog is a potent arterial vasodilator with no direct effect on cardiac function. PMID- 3899682 TI - Effects of tolbutamide on blood flow in islets and exocrine tissue of the rat pancreas. AB - The influence of tolbutamide (20 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg i.v.) on blood flow to the entire pancreatic gland and to its endocrine tissue was studied in anaesthetized rats. Non-radioactive microspheres 8.8 micron diameter were used for determination of local blood flow rates. The islet tissue was subsequently stained intravitally with dithizone. The organ was subdivided into small samples, frozen and thawed then scanned in the microscope for spheres in endocrine and exocrine tissue, respectively. Tolbutamide only insignificantly affected total organ blood flow (0.53 ml X min-1 X g-1, controls; 0.61 ml X min-1 X g-1 lower dose; 0.39 ml X min-1 X g-1 higher dose) but significantly increased the percent islet perfusion (3.0% controls; 6.6% lower dose; 10.5% higher dose of tolbutamide). The results favour the view that these vascular effects might facilitate insulin release into the systemic circulation. PMID- 3899683 TI - A stable isosterically modified prostacyclin analogue, FCE-22176, acting as a competitive antagonist to prostacyclin in guinea-pig trachea and atria. PMID- 3899684 TI - The influence of a sequential-type oral contraceptive with ethinylestradiol sulfonate soft gelatin capsules and norethisterone acetate on carbohydrate metabolism during the first twelve months. AB - A prospective study was made to investigate the carbohydrate metabolic effects of the sequential-type oral contraceptive in form of a weekly pill with 0.6 mg ethinylestradiol-sulfonate soft gelatin capsules and 10 mg norethisterone acetate. Blood glucose and plasma insulin levels were measured during an intravenous glucose tolerance test in 17 nondiabetic healthy women. Each woman was tested before and after twelve months of drug use. There were no changes neither in average fasting blood glucose nor in glucose assimilation after intake of ethinylestradiol-sulfonate. At twelve months there were significant elevations of basal as well as reactive insulin levels. PMID- 3899685 TI - Chronic bromocriptine treatment and glucose intolerance in acromegaly. AB - Blood glucose, plasma GH, insulin and glucagon levels during OGTT before and after treatment with bromocriptine (20 - 40 mg daily 3 - 18 months) were studied in 12 nondiabetic acromegalics (NA) and 6 diabetic acromegalics (DA) not treated previously. There was no significant change in blood glucose levels before and after treatment in NA while blood glucose levels fell significantly in DA after treatment. Mean basal GH levels and after OGTT decreased significantly in NA group, while only in the 120 min of OGTT in DA group. There was no significant change in mean basal or glucose stimulated plasma insulin or glucagon levels before and after treatment in both non-diabetic and diabetic acromegalics. Normal glucagon levels in diabetic acromegalics prior to treatment is considered as relative hyperglucagonaemia which disappeared after treatment. We did not show that glucagon suppressibility after OGTT was reestablished after treatment with bromocriptine in non-diabetic and diabetic acromegalics. Other factors than changes in hormones should be considered as a cause of restored glucose tolerance. PMID- 3899686 TI - Studies of fibronectin synthesized by cultured chick hepatocytes. AB - We have adapted a chick embryo liver cell system for studying the synthesis of proteins secreted by hepatocytes. In primary liver cell cultures maintained for several days in arginine-deficient medium containing ornithine (0.7 mM) and carbamyl phosphate (1 mM), only hepatocytes demonstrated normal morphological and biosynthetic characteristics, indicating that they possessed a functional ornithine cycle as a source of arginine production. Non-parenchymal liver cells, such as fibroblasts, which lack the ornithine cycle were excluded. Hepatocytes in arginine-deficient or arginine-containing medium synthesized fibronectin (Fn) over several days at a constant rate of 3 micrograms +/- 1 microgram/mg cell protein per day, with fibronectin representing approximately 3% of the total secreted hepatocyte proteins during any culture period after the first 24 h. Pulse-chase experiments indicated that Fn synthesis and secretion was relatively rapid (t1/2 = 45 min) and represented approximately 95% of the intracellularly labelled Fn. This Fn is secreted predominantly as a 450 kD dimer with a subunit size that is indistinguishable from the plasma form as assessed by one dimensional electrophoretic analysis. Continuous exposure of hepatocytes to insulin caused a moderate decrease (26%) in Fn synthesis, whereas there was no effect of short-term exposure. In contrast, dexamethasone stimulated Fn production 2-3-fold, consistent with its known ability to stimulate hepatocyte production of acute phase proteins. Under these conditions, electrophoretic analyses showed that an increased quantity of intact hepatocyte Fn was produced having the same molecular size of plasma Fn. PMID- 3899688 TI - Novel antigen system for tracking epithelial cell migration in serum-free culture. AB - We report here a unique system for tracking normal human urothelial cell migration in serum-free culture medium (HMRI-1). The key observation was that urothelial cells deposited red blood cell surface antigen on the culture dish in a remarkable pattern. Scrutiny of this pattern showed that each migrating cell left behind antigen imprints which formed parallel tracks the width of the cell. Hence the previous migratory history of the cells was instantly mapped by simply visualizing the antigen tracks deposited by the cells on the dish. Apart from providing a simple method for tracking urothelial cells, this observation has wider implications for mechanistic studies of epithelial cell movement in general. It also highlights the complicating effects associated with the addition of serum as a traditional culture supplement, since the inclusion of serum in the HMRI-1 medium abolished the above effect by inhibiting cell migration. PMID- 3899687 TI - Localization of 350K molecular weight and related proteins in both the cytoskeleton and nuclear flecks that increase during G1 phase. AB - Monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies were raised against the highest molecular weight microtubule-associated protein (MAP-1) isolated from brain. Immunoblotting with the antibodies revealed the presence of cross-reactive protein of 350K or less on whole cells, isolated nuclei and cellular microtubules. Two-dimensional peptide maps showed substantial homology of immunoprecipitated cellular proteins of 350K, 80K and 51K with a 25K fragment of brain MAP-1. On antibody staining, immunofluorescence was seen on a cytoplasmic network, the mitotic spindle, the centrosome, and intranuclear flecks. The antibody causing immunofluorescence in all these sites was absorbed most effectively with slices of blotted membrane which contained the 350K protein. These results suggest that the cross-reactive molecules in diverse sites belong to the family of the 350K protein. The number of nuclear flecks and the amount of bound radioactivity of 125I-antibody almost doubled during G1 phase. PMID- 3899689 TI - Recycling of membrane proteins during endo- and exocytosis in amoebae. AB - The fate of a membrane protein of the amoeba plasmalemma was studied by means of 125I iodination by lactoperoxidase, gel electrophoresis, radioautography and gamma counting. There was only one iodinatable polypeptide group with a molecular weight (MW) of 175 000 on the external surface of the plasmalemma. Two hours or more after induced phagocytosis, isolated phagolysosomal membranes contained two other smaller polypeptides with MWs of 70 000 and 35 000, respectively, suggesting that the 175 000 polypeptide was broken down to these smaller components during endocytosis. After 22 h of induced phagocytosis, isolated plasmalemma contained a 35 000 polypeptide group in addition to the 175 000 polypeptide species. The results suggested that some of the iodinatable membrane proteins were altered and recycled during endo- and exocytosis in amoebae, while others were recycled intact. PMID- 3899690 TI - Senescent and quiescent cell inhibitors of DNA synthesis. Membrane-associated proteins. AB - Cytoplasts derived from senescent and quiescent human diploid cells inhibit DNA synthesis initiation when fused with cells capable of proliferation. When the cytoplasts were subjected to a variety of conditions (trypsin and cycloheximide treatment and growth on fibronectin), this inhibitory activity was lost, suggesting that the inhibitors involved were proteins associated with the surface membranes of the cells. We have studied the quiescent cell inhibitor in greater detail and determined that surface membrane-enriched preparations isolated from quiescent cells and proteins extracted from these membrane preparations have DNA synthesis-inhibitory activity. PMID- 3899691 TI - Emergence of TPA-resistant 'satellite' cells during muscle histogenesis of human limb. AB - Human satellite cells, obtained by surgical biopsies of traumatized legs of healthy individuals, were grown in culture in the presence of different concentrations of the phorbol ester tetradecanoyl-phorbol 12 acetate (TPA). Satellite cells, after an initial duplicative period, fused into large multinucleated myotubes which readily synthesized myosin and acetylcholine receptor (AChR). The presence of TPA at concentrations up to 10(-7) M did not affect the differentiation pattern, while higher concentrations were toxic. Thus human satellite cells are capable of differentiating in the presence of phorbol esters which block differentiation of embryonic myoblasts [1]. We then examined the appearance of TPA-resistant cells during human muscle histogenesis, since we had observed that differentiation of human myoblasts from a 6-week-old limb was completely and reversibly inhibited by 10(-7) M TPA. Differentiation of myoblasts from 6-, 7- and 8-week-old fetuses was completely inhibited by TPA. Myoblasts from 10-week-old limbs did not form myotubes in the presence of TPA; however, immunohistochemical staining with an antimyosin antibody revealed the presence of a few mononucleated myosin-positive cells which escaped the TPA-induced block of differentiation. At 12 weeks of development, a few oligonucleated, myosin positive myotubes developed in cultures treated with TPA, and the level of AChR expressed (measured as [125I] alpha-bungarotoxin bound) reached 20% of controls. At 14 weeks of development, about half of the cells in culture were TPA-resistant and by 16 weeks of development no major differences could be detected between control and treated cells. We conclude from these data that a population of TPA resistant myogenic cells emerges between the 10th and 14th week of human limb development and suggest that this population represents satellite cells. PMID- 3899692 TI - Expression of c-fos oncogene during hepatocarcinogenesis, liver regeneration and in synchronized HTC cells. AB - We have studied the expression of c-fos gene in rat hepatoma induced by DENA. An increase of c-fos mRNA concentration was observed after 8 days, but the maximal 5 to 6-fold increase was observed after 70 weeks. This increase was found in perinodular hepatocytes as well as in cancer nodules. c-fos expression was also enhanced during liver regeneration at a period corresponding to cell proliferation. In HTC cells the arrest of the cell cycle at early G1 phase by addition of sodium butyrate was accompanied by a strong increase of c-fos gene expression. However the c-fos mRNA rapidly decreased after removal of sodium butyrate during the progression of the cells in the cell cycle and increased transiently when the cells entered again in G1 phase. PMID- 3899693 TI - Possible effect of the cell synchronization method on the pattern of 5 bromodeoxyuridine incorporation into early synthesized DNA. AB - Synchronously and asynchronously growing chick embryo fibroblasts have been used to study the pattern of 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation into DNA. In the synchronous cell system, the density of unifilarly substituted DNA is about 0.010 g/ml higher during first half of S phase than during second half of S phase. The density of unifilarly substituted DNA isolated from asynchronously growing cells is similar to that of DNA synthesized during the second half of S phase of synchronously growing cells for a given concentration of analogue in culture medium. Reassociation kinetics experiments have shown the oversubstitution to occur at the level of early synthesized repeated and/or intermediate DNA sequences. It is then assumed that the oversubstitution is due to some metabolic changes caused by the synchronization procedure itself. As BrdU incorporation into early replicating DNA is known to induce alterations of the cell metabolism, the implication of this phenomenon is discussed at the level of the inhibition of transformation which takes place when chick embryo fibroblasts are infected with Rous sarcoma virus during G1 and subsequently treated with BrdU during early S phase. PMID- 3899694 TI - Interactions of human ovarian tumor cells with human mesothelial cells grown on extracellular matrix. An in vitro model system for studying tumor cell adhesion and invasion. AB - Human ovarian tumors metastasize by direct extension into the peritoneal cavity leading to tumor cell implantation onto peritoneal surfaces. Successful formation of peritoneal implants is dependent on the ability of ascitic tumor cells to infiltrate the mesothelium, and become firmly adherent to the underlying extracellular matrix (ECM). In order to investigate this process in more detail, an in vitro model system was developed employing human mesothelial cells grown on ECM-coated culture dishes. The ability of human ovarian carcinoma cells derived from ascitic fluid to attach to the mesothelial cell monolayer grown on ECM, ECM alone or plastic was quantitated with the use of 51Cr radio-labelled tumor cells. Tumor cells exhibited a more rapid and firmer attachment to ECM than to the mesothelial cells or to plastic. Using agitation to stimulate peritoneal fluid dynamics and shear forces in vivo, tumor cell arrest was found to be limited to the ECM, but it occurred at a slower rate than it did without agitation. Tumor cell attachment was also restricted to areas of exposed ECM in wounded mesothelium as assessed by phase-contrast microscopy. Morphologic alterations of the mesothelium induced by tumor cells were observed with the use of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and immunohistochemical staining which included disruption of intercellular junctions leading to retraction of mesothelial cells, exposure of underlying ECM, subsequent attachment and proliferation on ECM. This model system would appear to be useful for elucidating mechanisms of ovarian tumor cell adhesion and proliferation, and for assessing various therapeutic modalities for their ability to block tumor cell implantation, invasion and growth on peritoneal surfaces. PMID- 3899695 TI - Tubulin composition and microtubule nucleation of a griseofulvin-resistant Chinese hamster ovary cell mutant with abnormal spindles. AB - A griseofulvin-resistant Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) mutant (Grs-2) which has an altered beta-tubulin subunit as well as wild-type beta-tubulin is temperature sensitive (ts) for growth at 40.5 degrees C. This growth defect appears to result from the formation of abnormal mitotic spindles at the non-permissive temperature (Abraham, I et al., J cell biol 97 (1983) 1055) [19]. Light microscopy of spindles isolated from mutant cells cultured at the permissive temperature showed a typical bipolar morphology, whereas spindles isolated at the non-permissive temperature were multipolar. In order to study the role of tubulin in spindle formation, we analyzed the tubulin composition of the multipolar spindles. Two dimensional gels and immunoblotting analysis of one-dimensional electrophoretic gels stained with monoclonal anti-Chinese hamster brain beta-tubulin antibody revealed that both mutant and wild-type beta-tubulins were present in similar proportions in both bipolar spindles at 37 degrees C and multipolar spindles at 40.5 degrees C. The ratio between wild-type and mutant tubulin in spindles was also found to be the same as in the cytoplasmic microtubule network in interphase cells, providing evidence that the mutant beta-tubulin appeared to be incorporated in a similar manner into both interphase and mitotic microtubule structures. In vitro microtubule polymerization onto centrosomes prepared from mutant Grs-2 demonstrated that 80% of the sites for microtubule nucleation were without centrioles, suggesting fragmentation of pericentriolar material away from centrioles. This may be one of the causes of multipolar spindle formation in the mutant cells. These results, therefore, suggest that abnormal formation of spindles in mutant cells is due not to the presence of the mutant tubulin per se, but to the abnormal behavior of this mutant tubulin in the cellular environment during mitosis or abnormal interaction with other components in the spindle at 40.5 degrees C. PMID- 3899696 TI - Quantitation of human megakaryocyte progenitors (CFU-M) in plasma clot culture by an indirect immunoperoxidase method. AB - We have developed an indirect immunoperoxidase method to detect human megakaryocytic colonies in plasma clot culture. A monoclonal antibody directed against platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa complex is incubated with plasma clots fixed to gelatin-coated slides with methanol. This antibody is subsequently linked to horseradish peroxidase by means of an avidin-biotin sandwich technique. Megakaryocytic colonies are identified by precipitation of benzidine by the horseradish peroxidase. This method detects growth of megakaryocytic colonies in culture, which is dependent on factors present in leukocyte-conditioned medium and is linear with respect to the concentration of human light-density nonadherent bone marrow cells plated at a concentration of 1.5-7 X 10(5) cells/ml. This method is simple to apply, uses objective criteria for recognition of megakaryocytes, and leaves cultures mounted and stained for permanent record. PMID- 3899697 TI - Treatment of systemic candidiasis in neutropenic dogs with ketoconazole. AB - The present study evaluated the activity of ketoconazole in neutropenic dogs with systemic candidiasis. Five dog pairs were made neutropenic by intravenous cyclophosphamide (50 mg/kg) and challenged with either 10(6) or 10(7) colony forming units (CFU) of Candida albicans. Half of the dogs received ketoconazole (10 mg/kg) daily beginning 24 h after challenge. All were killed at 96 h and liver, spleen, and kidney were cultured. Of four dogs given 10(6) CFU, two untreated dogs had 9 X 10(3) to 1 X 10(5) CFU/g wet tissue, compared to 0 CFU in ketoconazole-treated dogs. With inoculum increased to 10(7) CFU, three untreated dogs had 2 X 10(4) to 3 X 10(5) CFU/g wet tissue, while three ketoconazole dogs had 0-5 X 10(3) CFU/g wet tissue. The effect of ketoconazole on autologous marrow reconstitution in dogs with systemic candidiasis was examined by infusing autologous cryopreserved marrow into four dogs one day after lethal whole body irradiation (800 rad). Once neutropenic, they were challenged with 10(7) CFU of C. albicans. Two dogs received no ketoconazole and died of disseminated candidiasis, without marrow reconstitution. Two dogs received ketoconazole for 25 days. Prompt marrow recovery occurred and they remained healthy. There was no evidence of infection at death. These studies quantitatively demonstrate the in vivo effectiveness of ketoconazole in reducing tissue infection with C. albicans in neutropenic dogs. They provide in vivo evidence that ketoconazole can prevent or cure systemic candidiasis in the bone marrow transplant setting without significant inhibition of marrow recovery. PMID- 3899698 TI - Marrow transfusions increase pluripotential stem cells in normal hosts. AB - In earlier investigations of marrow transfusions into isogeneic, nonirradiated mice, the percentage of donor cells in the recipients' marrow and peripheral blood was found to vary between 16% and 40% following transfusion of 200 million marrow cells. The present experiments demonstrated that the hosts' pluripotential stem cells were elevated to an average of 132% of simultaneously assayed nontransfused controls. The elevation persisted for two months and then returned to normal. The similar magnitude of elevation of pluripotential stem cells and of the percentage of donor cells in the recipients indicates that the seeded stem cells did not replace the hosts' own, but were added to the existing complement of pluripotential cells. Implications for the regulation of stem cell numbers are discussed. PMID- 3899699 TI - Further studies on cyclic erythropoiesis in mice. AB - When young adult female W/Wv mice are given 0.5 micro+Ci 89Sr/g body weight intravenously, their hematocrit values oscillate from nadirs of 26% to zeniths of 42% with a periodicity of 16 days [1]. The response of the W/Wv mouse to an assortment of radioactive and hematologic stresses have been examined in an effort to understand better the pathophysiology of cyclic erythropoiesis. When the dose of 89Sr is increased, the amplitude of cycling increases as nadirs are lowered, but periodicity is unchanged. When the dose of 89Sr is lowered to 0.3 microCi or less, cyclic erythropoiesis of substantial amplitude is observed only after five or six microoscillations. A single hematopoietic insult of 80 rad x irradiation coupled with phlebotomy produces a transient form of cyclic erythropoiesis, namely, a series of dampened oscillations prior to recovery. Finally, we report that Wv/Wv mice exhibit a form of cyclic erythropoiesis in response to 0.5 microCi 89Sr/g body weight, in which the hematocrit values of successive nadirs gradually increase, and stabilize at about 100 days. 89Sr does not induce cyclic erythropoiesis in the +/+, W/+, or W/v/+ mice, the Hertwig strain of anemic mice, or in normal BDF1 mice. PMID- 3899700 TI - Marrow harvesting for autologous marrow transplantation. AB - The results and complications of 224 marrow collections from 200 patients with malignant disease who underwent marrow aspiration and storage for subsequent autologous marrow transplantation (AMT) were analyzed. The median age of the patients was 35 years (range 1-68); 131 patients had hematologic malignancies and 69 had solid tumors. Thirty-one patients proceeded directly to AMT after marrow aspiration at a median of 4.5 days (range 0-10). A further 75 patients received AMT a median of 3.0 months (12 days-10 years) after marrow aspiration. The remaining 94 patients had marrow stored but not infused. When a second aspiration was performed from the same patient within seven weeks, the yield of marrow nucleated cells was significantly reduced (p less than 0.02). A negative linear correlation was observed between CFU-C/kg harvested and the day to achieve a posttransplant blood neutrophil count greater than 500/cmm (r = -0.3092, p less than 0.05). A total of 36 (17.4%) complications associated with marrow aspiration were observed including two (0.97%) life-threatening episodes. Postoperative fever accounted for 23 of 34 episodes of minor complications. There was no increased risk of serious complications with decreased time from aspiration to transplant. It was concluded that the morbidity and mortality from autologous marrow aspiration did not differ significantly from that observed in normal donors. PMID- 3899701 TI - Recovery of immune functions in dogs after total body irradiation and transplantation of autologous blood or bone marrow cells. AB - The restoration of immune functions was followed in dogs for 101 days after fractionated total body irradiation and autologous transfusion of peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) or bone marrow (BM) cells. Median numbers of 0.9 X 10(5) granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells per kilogram of body weight were transferred in either group of recipients. The following parameters recovered more rapidly in PBL recipients as opposed to BM recipients: total blood lymphocyte, T- and B-cell counts, serum levels of immunoglobulins IgM and IgA, in vitro blastogenic responses after stimulation with concanavalin A and pokeweed mitogen, and in vitro plasma cell formation after polyclonal B-cell activation with pokeweed mitogen with or without lipopolysaccharide. No major differences were noted for the restoration of serum IgG levels. Circulating lymphocyte and T cell numbers remained subnormal for more than three months in both groups, whereas B-cell numbers and serum levels of IgA continued to be depressed in BM recipients only. Thus, autologous PBL restored immune functions more rapidly than did BM. Transplantation of PBL, alone or in addition to autologous BM, might also shorten the period of immunodeficiency after cytoreduction in a variety of malignancies in man. PMID- 3899702 TI - A functional defect in irradiated adherent layers from chronic myelogenous leukemia long-term marrow cultures. AB - The adherent cell layer in the human long-term marrow culture system provides an in vitro model for the hematopoietic microenvironment. We have devised a two stage long-term marrow culture system to examine the effect of adherent cell layers from normal and neoplastic cultures on early hematopoietic progenitors. We found that irradiated layers from normal long-term marrow cultures supported granulopoiesis in normal allogeneic marrow cells. This effect, manifested by increased CFU-C production, was amplified when the irradiated layers were overlaid with normal allogeneic marrow initially depleted of these stem cells with cytotoxic anti-Ia (HLA-DR) antibodies. In contrast, there was no regeneration of CFU-C from normal marrow depleted of these progenitors after incubation with irradiated layers from chronic myelogenous leukemia cultures or with passaged marrow fibroblasts. Our data suggest that a functional abnormality may exist in the in vitro microenvironment in chronic myelogenous leukemia and that the two-stage long-term marrow culture system may provide a means of assessing the capacity of adherent cells to support hematopoiesis and an indirect assay for stem cells not measurable with semisolid clonal methods. PMID- 3899703 TI - Threshold effects of N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) and 2-amino 5-phosphono valeric acid (2APV) on the spontaneous activity of neocortical single neurones in the urethane anaesthetised rat. AB - Spontaneous activity of single neurones in neocortex was sampled using pairs of microelectrodes in rats anaesthetised with urethane. In confirmation of previous studies, many cells recorded from middle layers characteristically fired in bursts, the onset times of which were synchronous both unilaterally and bilaterally. Iontophoresis of 2APV onto such cells either caused an abolition of bursts or a reduction in spikes per burst. In the latter case action potentials which occurred later in the burst were preferentially abolished. Iontophoresis of NMDA onto the same cells caused a prolongation of bursts with minimal effect on intraburst interspike interval. In interactive trials with the two drugs the effect of NMDA could be abolished by 2APV, and NMDA counteracted the effect of 2APV. It is concluded that spontaneous burst generation in neocortex during urethane anaesthesia is generated through a cortical NMDA/2APV-sensitive receptor mechanism. PMID- 3899704 TI - In memoriam William Frederick Windle (1898-1985). PMID- 3899705 TI - Induction and differentiation of exocrine pancreatic tumors in the rat. PMID- 3899706 TI - Two theories of sex and variation. PMID- 3899707 TI - The adaptive significance of sexuality. AB - A theory of sexuality and polymorphism is proposed in which diversity at the molecular level is the adaptive response of multicellular organisms to the challenge of microparasites that have smaller genomes, shorter generation times and which can evolve more quickly than their hosts. The theory has implications for genetically homogenized crops and other cultivated plants as well as for immunology. A different function of sexuality is proposed for microorganisms that reproduce both asexually and sexually. Several possible experimental tests are discussed. Mathematical modelling techniques are outlined qualitatively and compared with game-theoretical methods which may be interpreted as simplifications of population dynamics of polymorphic host-parasite populations are referenced. PMID- 3899709 TI - Parallels between sexual strategies and other allocation strategies. AB - Allocation strategies in which a limited resource is apportioned among alternative activities are applicable to diverse structural, genetical and behavioral topics, including male versus female investments. In a model of sex allocation strategies, the absolute fitness of individuals are calculated by summing the production of male and female gametes or offspring, each weighted by its reproductive value. The ESS is obtained by examining the fitness advantage of one phenotype over another. An analogous method is used to obtain a general model of allocation strategies that incorporates some widespread features. Allocation strategies are affected by the sizes and shapes of the reward curves, stochastic factors, and constraints on the allocations permitted. A number of parallels among diverse types of allocation strategies, including the occurrence of fixed, conditional and mixed strategies, and matching rules, are discussed. PMID- 3899708 TI - Sex allocation in animals. PMID- 3899710 TI - Sex determining mechanisms: an evolutionary perspective. AB - Theories on the evolution of sex determining mechanisms are reviewed for male and female heterogamety, environmental sex determination, and briefly, haplo-diploidy and hermaphroditism. Because of their discrete and well-defined nature, sex determining mechanisms lend themselves to three types of evolutionary questions: what variety occurs and might be expected but does not occur, how do changes occur from one mechanism to another, and why do certain changes occur? All three approaches were illustrated for these different sex determining mechanisms. A generality emerging from these studies is that, at the level of selection of the sex ratio, there are no intrinsic problems in evolving from one sex determining mechanism to another: straightforward transitions between different mechanisms exist under various conditions. PMID- 3899711 TI - Nonspecific reaction of a thiol: protein disulfide oxidoreductase with the disulfide bonds of insulin. AB - A thiol: protein disulfide oxidoreductase from bovine liver was isolated after separation from protein disulfide isomerase. The enzyme, after activation (reduction) with glutathione, was reacted with stoichiometric amounts of insulin and the sulfhydryl groups of the partially reduced hormone were labeled with iodo (l-14C)acetamide. After separation of the insulin chains, the radioactivity was found in both the peptides, with a ratio A-chain/B-chain equal to 2/1. PMID- 3899712 TI - Immunocytochemical demonstration of calmodulin in cells secreting by exocytosis. AB - Calmodulin is a regulator of several calcium-dependent cellular processes. It has been suggested that it plays a role in the mechanism of secretion. Employing an indirect immunoperoxidase technique at the light microscope level, this study demonstrates the presence of calmodulin in several exocytotic cells (mast cells, thyroid follicular cells, neurohypophyseal neurosecretory terminals, pancreatic beta-cells and pancreatic acinus cells) in rat and man. The positive staining reaction for calmodulin was granular and at least in the case of rat mast cells it appeared to be associated with the granule membrane. PMID- 3899713 TI - Collagen of the calcified layer of human articular cartilage. AB - The distribution patterns of collagen types I, II and III were studied using immunofluorescent staining techniques in human articular cartilage, including the calcified layer. Tissue taken from femoral heads was stained with the appropriate antiserum. Adjacent sections were stained with von Kossa or Alizarin red to determine the distribution of calcium salts. Results indicate that endochondral ossification at this site occurs by calcium being deposited initially within a matrix of type II collagen. PMID- 3899714 TI - Alternariol, a dibenzopyrone mycotoxin of Alternaria spp., is a new photosensitizing and DNA cross-linking agent. AB - The mycotoxin alternariol (3,4',5-trihydroxy-6'-methyldibenzo [a] pyrone) but not alternariol monomethyl ether (3,4'-dihydroxy-5-methoxy-6'-methyldibenzo [a] pyrone) is phototoxic to Escherichia coli in the presence of near UV light (320 400 nm). The phototoxicity bioassays with a DNA repair-deficient mutant of E. coli suggested that DNA may be the molecular target for photo-induced toxicity of alternariol. Interactions between alternariol and double-stranded, supercoiled DNA suggest that alternariol interacts with DNA by intercalation. No DNA breakage was detected in this system; however, alternariol forms a complex and cross-links double-stranded DNA in near UV light. These results suggest that alternariol is a new phototoxic, DNA-intercalating agent and is a DNA cross-linking mycotoxin in near UV light. PMID- 3899715 TI - Malarial parasites complete sporogony in axenic mosquitoes. AB - To obtain sporogonic stages of malaria free from microbial contaminants for in vitro studies, Anopheles stephensi were reared under sterile conditions using a mosquito cell line as larval food. The adult females, kept in sterile humidified containers and allowed to engorge on parasitemic hamsters, supported the sporogonic development of the rodent malarial parasite Plasmodium berghei. In 10 experiments, the proportion of infected mosquitoes varied from 0 to 92%, and the geometric mean number of oocysts per female mosquito from 2.5 to 58.6, with a range of 1 to 548. The average number of salivary gland sporozoites per infected mosquito was determined by direct sporozoite counts in the pooled homogenate of the thoraces of all female mosquitoes. In five experiments, it varied from 2.7 X 10(3) to 9.0 X 10(3). The sterile sporozoites, harvested on day 19 or 20 after the infective blood meal, were as infective for rodents as nonsterile ones. PMID- 3899716 TI - [Bicyclic antidepressants based on phthalans and their sulfur analogs]. PMID- 3899717 TI - [Current trends in the development of oral contraception]. PMID- 3899718 TI - [The Altai Society of Pharmacologists over the past 20 years]. PMID- 3899719 TI - [Outlook for an immunopharmacological approach to studying the structure of M cholinoreceptors]. PMID- 3899720 TI - [Hypoxia as a pharmacological problem]. PMID- 3899721 TI - [Quantitative structure-activity relationship of quinoline derivatives]. AB - Quantum-chemical computations using the Huckel method have been performed on quinoline derivatives that exhibit antibacterial activity against E. coli, in order to obtain quantitative structure-activity relationship and drug-receptor interaction data. PMID- 3899722 TI - Monoclonal antibodies that distinguish between human aorta smooth muscle and endothelial cells. AB - A monoclonal antibody has been generated that interacts with the surface of cultured human aorta smooth muscle cells and does not bind to the endothelial cells from aorta and umbilical vein. An antigen recognized by the antibody has a molecular mass of 330 kDa as determined by electrophoresis of immunoprecipitate in SDS-polyacrylamide gel. The same antigen appeared to be present on the fibroblast surface while neither immunofluorescence, flow cytofluorimetry nor immunoprecipitation reveal it on the endothelial cell surface or in the Triton X 100 extract. PMID- 3899723 TI - Rare codons in E. coli and S. typhimurium signal sequences. AB - Codon usage has been examined in the signal sequences of 27 genes encoding proteins which possess leader peptides, and are inner-membrane located or exported. The results have been compared with codon usage in the corresponding coding sequences of most of the mature proteins. A bias is observed in the usage of rare codons for two of the three hydrophobic amino acids for which there are rare codons. Since hydrophobic residues are predominant in leader peptides, we suggest that a resulting concentration of rare codons in the signal sequence may play a role (or have played a role in the evolutionary past) in the secretion process by delaying translation. PMID- 3899724 TI - Ribosome-SRP-signal sequence interactions. The relay helix hypothesis. AB - The role of the signal sequence in protein export is reviewed, and some difficulties inherent in the conventional picture of how it interacts with other components of the export machinery are pointed out. An alternative model is suggested, which seems to account better for some of the critical experimental findings made so far. PMID- 3899725 TI - Evidence for a role of high Km aldehyde reductase in the degradation of endogenous gamma-hydroxybutyrate from rat brain. AB - gamma-Hydroxybutyrate (GHB) is a putative neurotransmitter in brain. We have already demonstrated that it is transformed into gamma-aminobutyrate (GABA) by rat brain slices incubated under physiological conditions. This conversion occurs via a GABA-transaminase reaction. Therefore, succinic semialdehyde, the oxidative derivative of GHB, appears to be the primary catabolite of GHB degradation. Apparently, the kinetic characteristics and pH optimum of GHB dehydrogenase (high Km aldehyde reductase) in vitro do not favor a role for this enzyme in endogenous brain GHB oxidation. However, in the presence of glucuronate, glutamate, NADP and pyridoxal phosphate, pure GHB dehydrogenase, coupled to purified GABA transaminase does produce GABA from GHB at an optimum pH close to the physiological value and with a low Km for GHB. PMID- 3899727 TI - Bovine generalised glycogenosis type II. Uptake of lysosomal alpha-glucosidase by cultured skeletal muscle and reversal of glycogen accumulation. AB - acid alpha-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.20) was purified from fetal bovine muscle by affinity chromatography on concanavalin A and Sephadex G-100 and added to the culture medium of mature muscle cultures from animals affected by glycogenosis type II. The enzyme activity in homogenates of treated cultures was significantly increased within 4 h of the addition of enzyme, was maximal by 18 h and the internalised activity was stable for at least 48 h after the removal of the enzyme from the culture medium. The acid alpha-glucosidase activity was internalised with an uptake constant of 300 nM and a Vmax of uptake of 133 nmol/h per mg protein. The glycogen concentration in affected cultures treated with exogenous acid alpha-glucosidase for 24 h had decreased by 20% and after a further 24 h of culture was comparable to the concentration observed in cultures from non-affected animals. PMID- 3899726 TI - Sympathetic neurons extend neurites in a culture medium containing cyanide and dinitrophenol but not iodoacetate. AB - A culture medium circulated through the rat heart and supplemented with insulin, transferrin and nerve growth factor leads to a massive proliferation of neurite outgrowth from neurons of peripheral sympathetic ganglia of the chick embryo. Addition of 1 mM cyanide or 50 microM dinitrophenol to such medium for 2 days had no adverse effect on the neurite outgrowth and ATP content of these neurons. However, 0.5 microM iodoacetate lowered ATP content 65% without affecting the number of surviving neurons up to 2 days. Only when ATP content was reduced to 80% by 2.5 microM iodoacetate was the number of surviving neurons significantly reduced (30%). It is concluded that the glycolytic pathway is the major route of ATP synthesis in embryonic sympathetic neurons maintained in culture, and only a small fraction of ATP is utilized for the survival and neurite extension. PMID- 3899728 TI - Identification of the plasmid-encoded immunity protein for colicin E1 in the inner membrane of Escherichia coli. AB - A set of plasmids containing portions of the Col E1 plasmid were transformed into recA- cells. These cells, after UV irradiation, only incorporate labelled amino acids into plasmid-encoded proteins. UV-irradiated cells label a 14.5 kDa band if they are phenotypically immune to colicin E1, and do not contain this band if they are sensitive to colicin E1. We conclude that the 14.5 kDa protein is the colicin E1 immunity protein. When the inner and outer membranes of these cells are fractionated, the labelled band appears in the inner membrane. The immunity protein must be an intrinsic inner membrane protein, confirming the predictions made by hydrophobicity calculations from primary sequence data. PMID- 3899729 TI - Electrophysiology of afferent renal nerves. AB - The electrophysiological characteristics of afferent renal nerves (renal mechanoreceptors [MR] and renal chemoreceptors [CR]) are discussed with reference to the literature on this subject published in the last 25 years. Recent information gained from histochemical and electrophysiological studies is provided in a description of the central projections of these nerves. The electrophysiology of renal MR is discussed in the context of their location within the kidney and the mechanical stimuli that lead to their excitation. Arterial, venous, tissue, and ureteral locations are considered. The special characteristics of renal CR are described and the stimuli responsible for their activation are discussed. PMID- 3899730 TI - Renorenal reflexes: neural and functional responses. AB - Evidence supporting the existence of renorenal reflexes is reviewed. Renal mechanoreceptors (MR) and afferent renal nerve fibers are localized in the corticomedullary region and in the wall of the renal pelvis. Stimulating renal MR by increased ureteral pressure (increases UP) or increased renal venous pressure (increases RVP) and renal chemoreceptors (CR) by retrograde ureteropelvic perfusion with 0.9 M NaCl results in increased ipsilateral afferent renal nerve activity (ARNA) in a variety of species. However, renorenal reflex responses to renal MR and CR differ among species. In the dog, stimulating renal MR results in a modest contralateral excitatory renorenal reflex response with contralateral renal vasoconstriction that is integrated at the supraspinal level. Renal CR stimulation is without effect on systemic and renal function. However, in the rat the responses to renal MR and CR stimulation are opposite to those of the dog. Increased ureteral pressure, renal venous pressure, or retrograde ureteropelvic perfusion with 0.9 M NaCl each results in a receptor-specific contralateral inhibitory renorenal reflex response. The afferent limb consists of increased ipsilateral ARNA and the efferent limb of decreased contralateral efferent RNA with contralateral diuresis and natriuresis. The renorenal reflex responses to MR and CR stimulation are integrated at the supraspinal level. PMID- 3899731 TI - Renal nerves and hypertension: an update. AB - Increased efferent renal sympathetic nerve activity could facilitate the development of hypertension by shifting the arterial pressure-renal sodium excretion curve to the right. Accordingly, interruption of the renal nerves should prevent the development of hypertension in animal models in which increased sympathetic nervous system activity has been implicated. Renal denervation delays the development of hypertension and results in greater sodium excretion in the Okamoto and New Zealand spontaneously hypertensive rat and in the deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt-treated rat, which suggests that these responses result from, at least in part, loss of efferent renal nerve activity. Similar sympathetically mediated renal vasoconstriction has been implicated in the pathogenesis of early essential hypertension in humans. The efferent renal sympathetic nerves play a diminishing role once hypertension is established in these models. Renal denervation in established one-kidney, one-clip and two kidney, one-clip Goldblatt hypertension in the rat and chronic coarctation in the dog results in an attenuation of the hypertension. The depressor effect of renal denervation in these models is not caused by changes in renin activity or sodium excretion but is associated with decreased sympathoadrenal activity. These findings suggest that the afferent renal nerves contribute to the pathogenesis of renovascular hypertension by enhancing the activity of the sympathetic nervous system. Interruption of afferent renal fibers also appears to be the mechanism by which renal denervation prevents or reverses the normal increase in arterial pressure seen after aortic baroreceptor deafferentation in the rat. PMID- 3899732 TI - [Organizer of health education in Buryatia (Ivan Dmitrievich Podgornyi)]. PMID- 3899733 TI - [Molecular mechanisms of contraction of the vascular smooth muscles and the role of Ca2+ translocation in the development of contractile reactions to changes in oxygenation]. PMID- 3899734 TI - Immunohistochemical demonstration of estradiol in the guinea pig ovary. AB - Histochemical study of estradiol in the guinea pig ovary using RIA antiserum revealed specific estradiol fluorescence in theca interna cells and in single cells of atretic follicles. The fluorescence intensity was highest in the estrus phase. PMID- 3899735 TI - Migration patterns during Italian urbanization, 1865-1921. AB - This study examines patterns of male migration in central Italy during its transformation from an agrarian to an urban-industrial society. The Italian population registers provide data on the extent and type of emigration among more than 3,500 men (ages 10 and over) who immigrated to the commune of Casalecchio di Reno, bordering the city of Bologna, from 1865 to 1915. Demographic and social differentials in overall rates of emigration and their relation to places of origin and destination are measured. The implications of these results for an understanding of population mobility are discussed. PMID- 3899736 TI - [How much occlusion is possible today? How much occlusion is needed?]. PMID- 3899737 TI - [How is long centric occlusion waxed up?]. PMID- 3899738 TI - [Precise marginal fit using a wax-ceramic powder mixture]. PMID- 3899739 TI - [Harmonious contacts between crowns and gingiva]. PMID- 3899740 TI - [Retention of Maryland wings through etching and wax crystals]. PMID- 3899741 TI - [Silicon matrix as reconstruction aid]. PMID- 3899742 TI - [Hessian miniatures presented in model case]. PMID- 3899743 TI - [New aspects of the hollow form in dental technology]. PMID- 3899744 TI - [Ceka-DS-1 duplication and casting system]. PMID- 3899745 TI - [Bite determination with closed mouth impression technics]. PMID- 3899746 TI - [Accuracy of various dental technical model systems]. PMID- 3899747 TI - [Training dental technicians. 26. Study models for learning natural consequences]. PMID- 3899748 TI - [Light and framework design in metal-ceramics]. PMID- 3899749 TI - [The Stober Arcus cast connector]. PMID- 3899751 TI - [Undercut hollow form in a 1-piece casting]. PMID- 3899750 TI - [Complete dentures lead a shadowy existence. Errors are often pre-programmed]. PMID- 3899752 TI - [Temperature-controlled diffusion melting of Ceraplatin--crown framework]. PMID- 3899753 TI - [A direct quick fluorescent antibody test in gonorrhea practice and its diagnostic value]. PMID- 3899754 TI - [Lupus erythematosus--a model of an autoimmune disease]. PMID- 3899755 TI - [Psoriatic arthritis--definition, nosological status and classification]. PMID- 3899756 TI - [The tribulations of Jewish dermatologists under the Nazi regime]. PMID- 3899757 TI - Bullous pemphigoid, figurate erythema and generalized pigmentation with skin thickening in a patient with adenocarcinoma of the stomach. AB - A 52-year-old woman with bullous pemphigoid developed a bizarre figurate erythematous eruption and generalized pigmentation and velvety skin thickening. Later on, these cutaneous signs were found to be associated with an underlying adenocarcinoma of the stomach. Double-diffusion precipitation and indirect immunofluorescence, however, failed to demonstrate circulating antibodies against the tumor tissue in our patient. PMID- 3899758 TI - [Anatomo-clinical presentation of graft-versus-host disease treated with cyclosporin A]. AB - Evaluation of the clinical and histological signs of cutaneous graft-versus-host disease present in 7 patients treated with cyclosporin A was based on a follow-up of 100 days after bone marrow transplantation. Early clinical signs consisted of acral erythema with mild to moderate edema. Histologically, the graft-versus-host reaction was moderate but not completely inhibited. As revealed by autoradiography after labeling with tritiated thymidine and uridine, the lymphoid infiltrate had a low rate of proliferation and a normal or enhanced synthetic activity of ribonucleic acid. PMID- 3899759 TI - Correlation of serum anti-basement membrane zone antibody and malignancy in bullous pemphigoid. AB - 73 patients with bullous pemphigoid were studied to examine the association between serum anti-basement membrane zone (anti-BMZ) antibody and malignancy. Indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) was performed on the sera. 37 patients had positive IIF for anti-BMZ antibodies, ranging in titer from 1:20 to 1:10,230. On a follow-up of 7-41 months (mean 22 months), only 3 patients (8%) had malignancies (endometrium, bladder, squamous cell carcinoma of the skin). 36 patients had negative IIF for anti-BMZ antibodies. On a follow-up of 5-43 months (mean 16 months), 3 patients (8%) had malignancies (breast, colon, endometrium). No correlation between the presence or absence of anti-BMZ antibody in the serum and the development of malignant disease was observed. PMID- 3899760 TI - Lectins and lectin-like molecules in lower plants. II. Freshwater algae. AB - Freshwater chlamydomonad algae possess flagella surface isoagglutinins of a glycoprotein nature which are involved in gamete recognition and consequent cell fusion. Alternatively, such molecules may have a receptor role in certain Chlamydomonas species. In some freshwater volvocaines, lectin-like substances act as inducers of sexuality. At the moment it is speculative whether these materials can serve as naturally-occurring antibodies to protect algae from environmental antigens. PMID- 3899761 TI - Salmonid spleen and anterior kidney harbor populations of lymphocytes with different B cell repertoires. AB - An O-antigen extract of the fish pathogen Vibrio anguillarum was used to stimulate plaque-forming cells (PFC) in coho salmon. The kinetics of the response demonstrates peak PFC per organ on day 16 post immunization for the spleen and anterior kidney. Significant PFC were also seen in thymic tissue. PFC responses were shown to be immunoglobulin mediated and antigen specific. Inhibition profiles of responding PFC populations demonstrate that the cells of the anterior kidney are more restricted in their recognition of antigen than those of the spleen. These data lend functional support to the concept of the hematopoietic nature of the anterior kidney of teleosts. PMID- 3899762 TI - Humoral and cell membrane-associated lectins from invertebrates and lower chordates: specificity, molecular characterization and their structural relationships with putative recognition molecules from vertebrates. AB - Based on their carbohydrate-binding properties and their ubiquitous presence in pro- and eukaryotes, recognition functions have been hypothesized for many humoral and tissue lectins. In this review three main topics relevant to the possible biological roles and evolution of invertebrate and chordate lectins are discussed. They include the broad carbohydrate-binding spectrum of lectins from chelicerata, the distribution and specificity of cell membrane-associated lectins in mollusks and the serological and biochemical characterization of lectins from tunicates and their structural relationships with putative non-self recognition molecules from vertebrates. PMID- 3899763 TI - Soluble peptidoglycan fragments stimulate antibacterial protein synthesis by fat body from larvae of Manduca sexta. AB - Both hemocytes and fat body from larvae of Manduca sexta, which have been injected with inducers of antibacterial protein synthesis, contain immunoreactive lysozyme. However, fat body is a richer source and has been demonstrated to synthesize and release lysozyme and cecropin-like peptides (bactericidins) in vitro. Fat body secretion of lysozyme and bactericidins is stimulated by addition of soluble peptidoglycan fragments to culture medium. The rate of lysozyme secretion by fat body varies as a function of peptidoglycan inducer concentration. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that, in vivo, bacteria must be phagocytized and partially degraded (processed) by hemocytes to generate a signal (peptidoglycan) that subsequently induces antibacterial protein synthesis by fat body. PMID- 3899764 TI - Diabetic osteopenia in central Japan. AB - A large scale study of diabetic osteopenia was conducted in central Japan. The degree of bone mass loss was measured in 1267 diabetic patients and 646 control subjects. Based on six indices obtained by microdensitometry, the bone mass of 21.1% of the diabetic patients was found to be markedly decreased and that of 8.2% was found to be severely decreased, while only 7.9% of the control group showed bone mass loss. The prevalence of diabetic osteopenia in female patients was significantly higher than in males, but a positive correlation between the degree of bone mass loss and age was observed in both the male and female patients. Patients requiring oral agents or insulin had significantly more bone mass loss than those on dietary therapy alone. PMID- 3899765 TI - Role of insulin and dexamethasone in the expression of bioactivity in rat hepatocytes cultured in a serum-free defined medium. AB - Previously, we described primary cultures of rat liver cells in a serum-free multihormone defined medium (Am. J. Physiol. 243: E132-E151, 1982). This cell preparation exhibits marked insulin-dependent syntheses of protein, glycogen and lipids (hereafter collectively referred to as "bioactivity" for brevity). In the present studies, the role of different hormones in the expression of insulin's bioactivity was investigated. Hepatocytes from fasted rats, previously maintained in the multihormone glucagon-supplemented medium, were first cultured in the defined medium without the hormones and, subsequently, tested for bioactivity by replacing the missing hormones singly or in combination. Of all the hormones tested (testosterone, estradiol, thyroxine, glucocorticoid steroid and insulin), only insulin, dexamethasone and thyroxine when present individually in the culture medium, showed slight bioactivity (glycogenesis); however, insulin and dexamethasone, when present together, further increased each bioactivity, protein (1.3-fold), glycogen (8-fold) and lipid (1.6-fold) syntheses. The determination of apparent binding parameters of insulin specific receptors using Scatchard plots showed that insulin exposure caused a decrease in receptor concentration (Ro), dexamethasone exposure caused an increase in affinity (Kd), and, compared to insulin alone, treatment with insulin plus dexamethasone increased receptor concentration with no change in apparent affinity. Insulin induced a consistently small, but statistically significant, increase in the average specific activity of the protein-disulfide interchange enzyme, glutathione-insulin transhydrogenase (GIT), with equal distribution between its nonlatent ("readily available") and latent ("cryptic") forms. However, when dexamethasone was present along with insulin, the distribution of GIT was significantly greater in the latent form than in the nonlatent form. Examination by scanning and transmission microscopy showed clear differences, both in the cell surface and intracellular morphology, in the hepatocytes exposed to different hormonal milieu. PMID- 3899766 TI - The effect of plasma glucose control by continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion or conventional therapy on retinal morphology and urinary albumin excretion. AB - The effect of plasma glucose control on retinal morphology, urinary albumin excretion and related haematological and lipid measurements was studied prospectively for 30 weeks in 17 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. All had background diabetic retinopathy (BDR) and absence of albustix positive proteinuria: 9 were allocated to a continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) group and 8 to a conventional therapy (CT) group. There was a sustained reduction (p less than 0.01) in haemoglobin A1 (HbA1) in the CSII group, but not in the CT group. Mean HbA1 over the 30 week study period was lower (p less than 0.05) in the CSII (8.9 +/- 0.3%) than the CT group (10.2 +/- 0.5%). Retinal morphology assessed by fluorescein angiography improved after 30 weeks in one patient in the CSII group, but in most patients it remained the same or deteriorated. The patient with the best plasma glucose control developed a small area of neovascularisation. Less deterioration in retinopathy was not related to better plasma glucose control. Urinary albumin excretion, plasma viscosity, plasma fibrinogen, red cell deformability and plasma lipids did not change in either the CSII or CT group. In the 7 patients selected from both groups who achieved the best control there was a reduction in urinary albumin and LDL cholesterol. PMID- 3899767 TI - The biochemical profile in Indian patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes in the young with retinopathy. AB - A comparative study of the biochemical profile in 15 Indian patients with non insulin-dependent diabetes in the young with retinopathy, and 15 matched patients without vascular disease, was undertaken. There were no significant differences between the lipid, lipoprotein and apoprotein levels between the 2 groups. While the fasting plasma glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin levels were significantly higher in the patients with retinopathy, there were no differences between the groups with regard to their insulin areas, glucose areas and insulinogenic indices. The retinopaths also had significantly lower serum magnesium levels than the patients without detectable retinal vascular disease. PMID- 3899768 TI - The growth-promoting activity of vaginal fluid for Candida albicans (and the problem of enhanced susceptibility to vaginal candidosis). AB - Fluid aspirated from the vagina of pregnant or non-pregnant women, either normally menstruating or using hormonal contraceptives, proved to be an adequate culture medium for Candida albicans. The growth-promoting activity did not differ between groups. A medical history of vaginal candidosis did not influence this growth-promoting activity. It is concluded that an enhanced susceptibility to this manifestation with C. albicans is not related to this capacity of the fluid contained in the vaginal cavity to serve as a growth-promoting medium. PMID- 3899769 TI - The influence of antibiotics on the growth of Candida albicans in the vagina: an experiment with vaginal fluid. AB - The growth of Candida albicans in fluid aspirated from the vagina of 18 women was studied. The growth of C. albicans in the aspirated vaginal fluid to which antibiotics were added proved to be enhanced in 16 out of 18 samples. The growth of C. albicans in Sabouraud medium proved not to be enhanced by the addition of antibiotics. Dilution of the Sabouraud broth and the reduction of the amount of added antibiotics did not change the outcome. It is concluded that enhancement of the growth of C. albicans in the vagina is not due to a direct growth-promoting effect of the antibiotics on the yeast. It is concluded that most probably the growth-promoting effect of antibiotics is obtained by way of an eradication of the bacterial flora harboured in the vagina. PMID- 3899770 TI - Differential diagnosis of sonographically detected tumours in the fetal cervical region. AB - Differential diagnosis of sonographically detected fetal neck tumours is difficult. The sonographic criteria for encephalomyelocele, lymphangioma/hygroma, teratoma, sarcoma, haemangioma, neuroblastoma and goitre are given on the basis of the authors' own observations and information from the literature. Elevation of alpha-fetoprotein in the amniotic fluid is a frequent but non-specific finding. Chromosome analysis after amniocentesis can be a useful supplementary procedure for assessing the prognosis and deciding upon the delivery procedure. Sonographic detection of a tumour in the fetal neck region enables preparations to be made for dystocia and postnatal dyspnoea of the newborn. The obstetrician must cooperate closely with paediatricians, neurologists, surgeons and ENT specialists. PMID- 3899771 TI - Efficacy and tolerability of sustained-release clomipramine (Anafranil SR) in the treatment of phobias: a comparison with the conventional formulation of clomipramine (Anafranil). AB - This multicentre double-blind trial in general practice compared the efficacy and tolerability of the sustained-release formulation of clomipramine (Anafranil SR) with its conventional formulation (Anafranil) in the treatment of phobias. Patients were allocated at random to receive clomipramine 75 mg once daily as either the sustained-release or conventional formulation for 11 weeks following a 1-week dosage build-up period. Analysis of results from forty-six patients showed that the sustained release formulation of clomipramine 75 mg was as effective as the conventional formulation of clomipramine 75 mg in improving symptoms of phobia as assessed by a phobia inventory and global evaluation. Unwanted effects attributable to therapy were similar in both treatment groups but there were fewer withdrawals due to unwanted effects of the sustained release formulation of clomipramine 75 mg. It was concluded that the sustained-release formulation of clomipramine does offer advantages for patients requiring 75 mg clomipramine daily. PMID- 3899772 TI - Double-blind comparison of prenylamine and penbutolol in patients with angina pectoris. AB - This study was performed to re-evaluate the clinical position of prenylamine in the management of angina pectoris. After 1 week withdrawal of all anti-anginal agents, followed by another week of placebo administration, seventeen patients were allocated at random to 6 weeks treatment with either penbutolol 40 mg once a day or prenylamine 60 mg t.i.d. Clinical examination, exercise test and anginal attack rate were recorded every 2 weeks. Both drugs reduced the anginal attack rate. None of the drugs caused a significant increase in maximal workload or a significant change in ST-segment depression. Beside a substantially lower rate pressure product at maximal comparable workload in the penbutolol group (p less than 0.001), no significant differences were observed between the two drugs. No adverse reactions were reported. From these results one can conclude that prenylamine and penbutolol do not differ in their anti-anginal effect. Therefore we are of the opinion that prenylamine has a place in the therapeutic armamentarium for the management of angina pectoris, particularly in patients where beta-blocking agents are contraindicated or in patients who have experienced side-effects of beta-blocking or calcium-entry blocking agents. PMID- 3899773 TI - A comparative study of benzydamine hydrochloride 0.15% w.v. ('Difflam' pump spray) and placebo as analgesics following tonsillectomy. PMID- 3899774 TI - Estradiol increases the production of alpha 1-antichymotrypsin in MCF7 and T47D human breast cancer cell lines. AB - alpha 1-Antichymotrypsin (Achy) is an antiprotease of the acute inflammation phase, which is also released by MCF7 human breast cancer cells in culture. Using a fluorimetric assay with the synthetic substrate L-Seryl-L-Tyrosyl-2-N naphthylamide, we have shown that a medium conditioned by MCF7 cells treated by estradiol inhibits the activity of alpha-chymotrypsin. This inhibition increased when physiological concentrations of estradiol were added to the cells for 2 days. It was due to an increased production of Achy and not to a direct effect of estradiol on alpha-chymotrypsin activity as shown by double immunoprecipitation with an antiserum against human alpha 1-antichymotrypsin. An increased accumulation by estradiol of an antigen located in the cytoplasm of MCF7 cells, which was revealed by immunoperoxidase staining with antibodies to Achy, also indicated that estradiol increased the production of Achy in these cells. Similar immunostaining was observed in a breast cancer tissue. Most of the estrogen regulated 60-68 kDa protein secreted by T47D cells (Chalbos et al. (1982) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 55, 276-283) was also specifically immunoprecipitated by the antibodies to Achy. Thus, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin is the first protein to be identified which is induced by estradiol and secreted by breast cancer cells. PMID- 3899775 TI - Calcium and insulin in the regulation of DNA synthesis in mouse mammary gland studied in organ culture. AB - The interaction of calcium and insulin was investigated in mouse mammary gland organ culture by analysis of the time-course of the DNA-synthetic response following delayed addition of insulin or calcium to the culture media. The DNA synthetic responses were also studied using mammary explants from virgin, pregnant and lactating mice. These experiments have shown that qualitative differences exist in the responsiveness of mammary epithelium to insulin and calcium. Thus, although it is evident that in mammary epithelium calcium modifies the DNA-synthetic response to insulin, the present data do not support the concept that Ca2+ is the intracellular mediator of insulin action. PMID- 3899776 TI - Immunochemical analysis of troponin T isoforms in adult, embryonic, regenerating, and denervated chicken fast skeletal muscles. AB - Using monoclonal antibodies (McAbs) which can distinguish between breast- and leg type troponin T (TnT), we studied the spatial distribution of TnT isoforms in adult chicken fast skeletal muscles. The breast (pectoralis major) and leg (iliotibialis posterior) muscles were composed predominantly of homogeneous fibers containing breast- and leg-type TnT, respectively. The posterior latissimus dorsi muscle was composed of heterogeneous fibers of at least two types, namely breast and leg types. In developing and regenerating fast muscles, only leg-type TnT was expressed at early stages, and later breast-type TnT appeared either transiently or permanently. This led ultimately to several distinct adult fast muscle breast/leg TnT isoform profiles. Since both types of TnT were synthesized in embryonic and regenerating muscles with nerves intact as well as in regenerating muscles with nerves resected, the switching on of their expression during fast muscle development appears to be independent of nerves. However, its full development ("fine tuning" of the protein isoform distribution within the fast fiber types) and the maintenance of the adult state are presumed to be dependent on the nerves, since, although regenerating fibers in denervated muscles could exhibit the early and then the later embryonic stainabilities, they again returned to the early embryonic state; further, the denervation of adult muscles caused the replacement of TnT isoform from the adult to the early embryonic state. PMID- 3899777 TI - Distribution of histone H1 alpha among cells of the sea urchin embryo. AB - We have used immunofluorescent staining of sea urchin embryos to study how histone H1 alpha is distributed among progeny cells formed after the cessation of its synthesis. Our results are consistent with H1 alpha being distributed to both daughter cells at mitosis, resulting in it being most concentrated in cells that stop dividing shortly after H1 alpha synthesis ends, while cells that continue to divide dilute their H1 alpha content in proportion to the number of cell divisions. This rules out our earlier suggestion that H1 alpha becomes segregated in dividing cells. In addition, our results show that most dividing cells of the 3-day embryo contain predominantly H1 beta and H1 gamma. Since these subtypes are known not to undergo phosphorylation, this finding has implications regarding the roles of H1 phosphorylation in the cell cycle. PMID- 3899778 TI - Proceedings of the Joint ESACT/IABS Meeting on the production and exploitation of existing and new animal cell substrates. Gardone Riviera, Italy, 21-25 May 1984. PMID- 3899779 TI - Qualitative and quantitative aspects of animal cell in vitro systems. AB - The evaluation of sublethal cellular damage is shown to be important for the performance of experiments and bioproduction with animal cells. Detailed information on the fate of single cells in colony pedigrees from untreated and irradiated mammalian cells was obtained in vitro with cinematography recordings. It can be demonstrated that in generations two, three, and four the cells are more sensitive because of higher death rates and increased generation times induced by the handling of the cells during passaging or by the damaging agent. It is obvious that chemical agents can act in the same way. Also poor medium quality induces similar effects. Growth curves of single colony cell populations render much better information on the proliferation of a cell population than the determination of cells per ml (= particle counting). Examples are given for such growth curves and for colony size distribution curves based on individual cell countings. The advantages of the use of flow-cytofluorometry for the control of cell cycle phases are shown. As an example for the relevance of qualitative and quantitative data on cell substrate and medium conditions for bioproduction the in vitro mass replication of an insect pathogenic virus (baculovirus) is presented. Baculoviruses are potentially important biological pesticides which can replace chemical insecticides partially. PMID- 3899780 TI - Production of rabies vaccine by an industrial scale BHK 21 suspension cell culture process. AB - A process for the production of an inactivated rabies vaccine for animal use is described, whereby the LEP Flury strain of rabies virus is grown in 1 000 L cultures of BHK 21 suspension-adapted cells. The virus is inactivated with aziridine and, after concentration and purification by hollow fibre ultrafiltration, is adsorbed onto aluminum hydroxide gel. The BHK 21 suspension adapted Master Cell Seed used has satisfied all the requirements of the US Code of Federal Regulations, Title 9, (1977) for cell lines. Cultures prepared from it produce high yields of rabies virus antigen and vaccines with an average potency of 6 IU can be produced without difficulty. Such vaccines give at least 3 years' protection in dogs and are safe to use in all species. Experience gained with the closely analogous process for the production of FMD vaccines suggests that the process can be readily transposed and successfully operated in developing countries if and when it becomes cost-effective to do so. PMID- 3899781 TI - Very large scale suspension cultures of mammalian cells. AB - Suspension cultures of mammalian cells can be used to produce virus vaccines, as a source of interferons, and as a host system for expressing inserted human genes. We will discuss the experience with this technology in our organisation over the past 18 years, during which we have progressively expanded our facilities for such work: we are now operating routinely with 8 000 litre fermenters. Information will be summarized in relation to the following topics: design of plant, medium and serum requirements, plant operation and product processing. PMID- 3899782 TI - Production kinetics of monoclonal antibodies. AB - Two typical patterns of kinetics of monoclonal antibody (mAb) production are observed. Hybridomas which produce high mAb-titers do not show any feed back inhibition upon secretion of mAb into the culture supernatant over long periods of cultivation. "Low producing hybridomas" generally display high initial rates of mAb production, however, after a few hours the mAb secretion is stopped at a certain low concentration level in the order of some 100 mg mAb per ml. To illustrate the case that the high initial production rates of mAb of low producing hybridomas could be maintained for a period of at least 24 hours, mAb titers comparable to those produced by high-mAb-titer producing hybridomas were achieved. PMID- 3899783 TI - Large scale animal cell cultivation for production of cellular biologicals. AB - Through the developments in molecular biology the interest for large scale animal cell cultivation has sharply increased during the last 5 years. At our laboratory, four different cultivation systems were studied, all of which are homogeneous culture systems, as they lend themselves best for scaling up and for the control of culture conditions. The four different systems which were compared are: batch culture, continuous chemostat, continuous recycling and continuous perfusion culture system, both for cells growing in suspension and for anchorage dependent cells in microcarrier culture. Our results indicate that for the production of virus vaccines and cells the batch and recycling culture system are most suitable. Disadvantages of the continued chemostat culture system are: the system is only applicable for cells growing in suspension; relatively low concentrations of cells and cellular products are obtained. The continuous perfusion system appears to be very suitable for the production of cellular components and also for the production of viruses which do not give cell lysis. PMID- 3899784 TI - The growth of human diploid fibroblasts as aggregates with cellulose fibres in suspension. AB - Human diploid fibroblasts can grow as small cell masses in aggregation with cellulose fibres in suspension but not as conventional monolayers on the surface of the fibres. Using Eagle's MEM with 10% calf serum and various anionic cellulose exchangers in suspension, added human fibroblasts build aggregates of cells with the cellulose fibres enmeshed within these clumps. A concentration of 3 mg cellulose per ml inoculated with between 1 X 10(5) to 1.3 X 10(5) cells per mg cellulose gave an estimated yield of at least 1.5 X 10(6) cells per ml after 7 to 8 days incubation. Cell growth was measured as an increase in protein by a modification of Lowry's method. PMID- 3899785 TI - Newly developed microcarrier culturing systems--an overview. AB - Microcarrier (MC) culturing systems are widely employed for the production of biological products required for human and veterinary uses and serve as a tool for basic research in cell biology. Three types of MCs were developed by our group: cellulose, polyacrylamide and polystyrene based MCs. These newly developed MCs were used for the propagation of primary cells, cells from a human diploid cell strain and cells from established cell lines, for the production of biological products (various viruses, mouse interferon and carcinoembryonic antigen) as well as for studying cell differentiation. Basic questions regarding the effect of the chemical nature of MCs on cell attachment, spreading and growth were investigated throughout the development of these MCs. PMID- 3899786 TI - Further studies on a tryptose based serum-free medium for human diploid fibroblasts. AB - A serum-free medium containing Eagle's MEM, transferrin, tryptose and dexamethasone as active ingredients was able to support the growth of human diploid fibroblast cells for over 20 population divisions. However, the cells stopped growing at an earlier age and the growth rate was half that of cells grown in Eagle's MEM + 10% calf serum. The results of efforts to improve this medium show that: the addition of insulin to the medium is not required, but dexamethasone is absolutely essential; there is an antagonism between adenosine and cytidine which is inhibitory for growth; the addition of extra amino acids such as arginine, lysine, methionine, tryptophane, phenylalanine, isoleucine, cystine, serine or hydroxyproline is inhibitory for growth. PMID- 3899787 TI - Ion exchange capacity of DEAE microcarriers determined the growth pattern of cells in culture. AB - Transformed embryonic avian and mammalian cells, as well as cells from established cell lines grow as a monolayer on DEAE-cellulose based microcarriers (MC): the DE-52 and DE-53 MC. Normal, non-transformed, embryonic avian and mammalian cells do not grow on DE-52 MC (having an exchange capacity of 1 meq/g dry material) but grow well on DE-53 MC (having an exchange capacity of 2 meq/g dry material). On DE-53 MC embryonic non-transformed cells grow in multilayers, while embryonic viral-transformed cells and cells from established cell lines grow in a monolayer form. Possible explanations for the differences in cell growth on various MC and variation in the mode of growth in monolayer vs multilayer are discussed. These differences may serve as a valuable tool for separation and distinction between normal and transformed cells. In addition, the described novel MC culturing system provides a support for tridimensional growth on which cell growth mimics the in vivo growth conditions. Therefore, this system is suitable for the study of cell recognition, cell to cell connection and cell orientation. PMID- 3899788 TI - Differentiation of myoblasts with nerve cells on microcarriers in culture. AB - Differentiation of embryonic rat and chick myoblasts was investigated using a tridimensional support made of positively charged, uncoated DEAE-cellulose microcarriers (MC). Following rapid cell attachment, the MC interconnected to form large cell-MC conglomerates which remained floating in the nutrient medium. Cells within the conglomerates fused to form myotubes which synthesized muscle specific proteins such as: creatine kinase, acetylcholinesterase, acetylcholine receptors, and contracted in response to electrical stimulation. Myotubes, at different stages of differentiation, showed characteristic morphology (as observed by transmission and scanning electron-microscopies). Upon addition of dissociated spinal cord cells to these muscle-MC cultures, intensive sprouting of nerve fibres took place. After a few days an extensive network of nerve fibres was formed on the top of muscle myotubes and nerve-muscle contacts were established. PMID- 3899789 TI - Growth limitations in high density microcarrier cultures. AB - The growth of anchorage-dependent animal cells on microcarriers has enabled treatment of these cell lines as quasi-suspension cultures allowing the production of high cell densities. Analysis of the parameters affecting the final cell yield shows that if an optimal microcarrier/cell seeding ratio is provided, the surface area for cell growth is unlikely to be limiting. The culture medium could become limiting to cell growth by nutrient depletion or through the accumulation of growth inhibitors. In batch cultures of MDCK cells the analysis of amino acid utilization showed that some amino acids are nearly completely depleted from the medium during the growth period. Glutamine in particular was rapidly consumed reflecting its likely role as a major energy source. The use of a novel perfusion system for such cultures produces much higher cell densities. In 500 ml cultures perfused at 1 ml/min most of the amino acids maintained a steady concentration. The glutamine concentration was reduced not completely depleted. Under these conditions the ammonia concentration of the medium increased to a value of 2.3 mM when cell growth ceased. This level of ammonia accumulation occurred in both perfused and unperfused cultures. Investigations of the parameters affecting the growth of BHK cells in microcarrier cultures showed the rapid utilization of glutamine which was optimal at an initial concentration of 4 mM. Glucose showed rapid but not complete utilization in these experiments. The ammonia accumulation in the medium was shown to be directly related to the initial glutamine concentration and under optimal conditions rose to a level of 2.5 mM. This level of ammonia was shown to be growth inhibitory when added to cultures during inoculation. Growth experiments using culture medium diluted with isotonic salt solutions showed that the final cell yield was not directly related to the medium dilution in either perfused or unperfused cultures. This suggests that the accumulation of a growth inhibitor is responsible for growth limitation rather than nutrient depletion. The measurements of ammonia accumulation suggest that this could be the growth inhibitor which limits the final cell yield. PMID- 3899790 TI - The use of caged aeration for the growth of animal cells on microcarriers. AB - A simple, unaerated 0.1 litre microcarrier propagator was successfully sealed up to 1 litre using constant tip speed of the flexible wide blade stirrer. Further scale-up to 10 litres was not successful because of inadequate aeration. When this deficiency was corrected, using a sintered aerator, cell growth did not improve due to excessive foam production. This was overcome by carrying out the necessary aeration inside a special cage, located inside the propagator, which retained the bubbles and excluded the microcarriers. Using this device cell growth improved to levels similar to those obtained at the 0.1 and 1 litre scales. PMID- 3899791 TI - A laboratory fermentor for agarose immobilized hybridomas to produce monoclonal antibodies. AB - Mass culture of immobilized cells in airlift-fermenters usually ends up with the beads accumulating in the foamy layer on the surface of the reactor fluid or, in stirred tankreactors, with partial destruction of the beads. We tried to use an airlift fermenter vessel for growing cells, immobilized in agarose beads. Instead of using the gas for driving, we mounted a slowly turning marine type impeller within the drought tube. Oxygen was supplied on occasional demands by the original sparger. This set up leads to sufficient operational characteristics of the reactor without accumulation of the beads in the foamy layer and without mechanical destruction. Different productivities of either immobilized cells or cells in free suspension culture are reported. PMID- 3899792 TI - An integrated system for large scale cell culture. AB - The potential of tissue culture as a means of production of various viruses for use in vaccines, or various biomolecules such as the interferons, interleukins, various enzymes and growth factors, has been steadily increasing over the last few years. If the full potential for the production of these products is to be realized, significant technological advances in the area of large scale cell culture are required. Most cells producing the above mentioned molecules and products grow only when attached to a surface. Therefore, the ability to harness cell culture as a tool for large scale production of products is dependent on the availability of large surface areas that are biocompatible with cell attachment and growth and are presented in such a form that proper nutrient solutions are continually being offered to the cells. This presentation will describe a closed loop circumfusion system with an available surface area scaleble to 72 m2. This system is integrated with a computer based controller providing programmable monitoring, control, and documentation of the culture. The system has been extensively tested in both in-house and field trials. This testing has shown the system to be compatible with the typical production environment rigors while highlighting the economic potentials of production using this unique system. PMID- 3899793 TI - Factors affecting the productivity of glass sphere propagators. AB - The productivity of glass sphere propagators was studied at the 1 litre scale. For the growth of BKH monolayer cells there was an optimum pH of 7.0, but no critical upper level of dissolved oxygen. By controlling the levels of pH and dissolved oxygen the incubation period was reduced from 96 to 72 hours. In standard beds of glass spheres cell distribution and growth were uniform, but not in experimental tall, thin substrate beds. This was corrected by dividing the test systems into 3 parts and incubating them in series. Additional cell growth was achieved in the standard propagators by a replenishing exhausted medium. Cell productivity was also increased by supplying extra culture medium. By this means the number of cells recovered was similar to that from the 10 litre propagator. Such data is discussed to evaluate the largest practical scale of glass sphere propagators. PMID- 3899794 TI - Large scale production of human fibroblast interferon in multitray battery systems. AB - Several years of experience with the use of Multitray Units (Nunc, Denmark) has shown that this system is an efficient and safe method for the large scale production of human fibroblast Interferon. Further developments of the basic principles have led to the manufacture of a Multitray Unit with a total culture area of 24,000 cm2, the Multitray Battery. The use of Multitrays and Multitray Batteries in large scale interferon production is presented, as well as the development in automation of the handling of large numbers of units. PMID- 3899795 TI - Cloning of a bovine interferon-alpha gene subfamily and comparisons between genetically engineered and leukocyte bovine interferons. AB - Bovine peripheral leukocytes were virally induced for interferon production, and an acid stable, SDS stable, antiviral activity was detected in the preparation. This bovine interferon (BoIFN) was tested for its ability to induce an antiviral state in various mammalian cells and was found to be specific to cells from bovine origin. The BoIFN cross reacts with antibodies against human IFN-alpha but these antibodies do not neutralize the bovine IFN activity. Leukocyte BoIFN exhibits polymorphism upon Affi-Gel Blue chromatography and SDS-PAGE (16k and 24K). The virally induced leukocytes produce a 13S mRNA which upon translation in oocytes yields an active IFN molecule. Bovine genomic library was constructed and screened for BoIFN-alpha sequences, using human IFN-alpha probes. From the clones isolated, five were found to represent distinct genes. Sequence analysis indicate that these genes are closely related (94% homology). One of these genes was expressed in E. coli under the control of trp promoter operator. The physicochemical and biological properties of the bacterial BoIFN-alpha product resemble those of a subpopulation of natural BoIFN. PMID- 3899796 TI - Primary cultures of neonatal rat liver as an assay system to identify compounds belonging to the tumor promoters class. AB - A single exposure to a low concentration (10-10 mol/L) of tumor promoters (like 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), phenobarbital, and nafenopin) or of hormones (as epidermal growth factor (EGF), glucagon and insulin) or of drugs (like imidazole and indomethacin) stimulated the 24-h flow into DNA synthesis and mitosis of primary neonatal rat hepatocytes incubated in high-calcium (1.8 mmol/L) Eagle's MEM-FBS medium. However, only tumor promoters acted as enhancers of hepatocytic DNA synthesis when a low-calcium (0.1 mmol/L) FBS-MEM medium was used. The tumor promoters' activity was completely suppressed by the simultaneous (or nearly such) addition of low doses (from 25.0 to .25 micrograms/ml; activity, from 100 to 1.0 unit/ml) of exogenous bovine liver Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD), whatever the medium's calcium concentration. By contrast, SOD did not inhibit the growth stimulation elicited by hormones and drugs in hepatocytes exposed to the high-calcium FBS-MEM medium. Moreover, several tumor promoters (namely TPA, phenobarbital, nafenopin, saccharin, teleocidin, benzoyl peroxide, BHT, DDT, lindane, clofibrate, and melittin) stimulated DNA synthesis even when the hepatocytes were incubated in the serumless HiWoBa2000 medium, whatever its calcium concentration. In this synthetic medium, the tumor promoter's stimulatory activity was again completely written off by the simultaneous administration of exogenous (superoxide dismunate) SOD. These results disclose the existence of two quite different mechanisms by which neonatal rat hepatocyte growth can be stimulated: (i) the physiological-pharmacological extracellular calcium-dependent SOD-insensitive machinery, mediating the effects of EGF, glucagon, insulin, imidazole, and indomethacin; and (ii) the pathological extracellular calcium independent SOD-suppressible mechanism operated by agents belonging to the tumor promoters class and involving, as a critical step, the generation of superoxide anions at the surface of the hepatocyte's plasma membrane. The present results also indicate that primary cultures of neonatal rat hepatocytes may constitute a useful tool for promptly and safely identifying compounds endowed with tumor promoters' capabilities. PMID- 3899797 TI - Problems involved in the large scale production of biological products, such as beta-interferon, using diploid fibroblast cells as substrate. AB - The large-scale and continuous cycle production of Hu beta-IFN serves to indicate that with expansion of cell cultures, aspects such as the reliability of the growth media and the possibility of contamination of cultures may become critical and limiting factors for the production itself. Methods of growth media preparation are described, with particular stress on the problems related to bacterial contamination and water quality. Our production method involves the expansion of cellular cultures using roller bottles, and a final step using the microcarrier technique. The necessity of collecting the cultures in only two fermentors increases the possibilities of contamination. Methods employed in order to minimize these problems are discussed. PMID- 3899798 TI - Production of human interferon-beta in mouse L-cells. AB - A mouse fibroblast cell-constructed by genetic engineering--expresses glycosylated human interferon-beta constitutively. The cells were cultivated on microcarriers in special bioreactors. Under these conditions they produce a maximum yield of 6 000 units interferon-beta/ml/day at cell densities of about 2,2 X 10(6) cells/ml. The production stage of interferon-beta is longer than one month. PMID- 3899799 TI - The production and properties of a tissue plasminogen activator from normal epithelial cells grown in microcarrier culture. AB - A plasminogen activator with different biochemical and physical properties to the one obtained from Bowes melanoma cells has been isolated from a normal epithelial cell line derived from guinea-pig keratocytes (GPK). Cell growth and enzyme production is carried out in microcarrier cultures using up to 15 g Cytodex 3 per litre. Cells are maintained in optimum conditions by the use of a closed perfusion loop and the system has been scaled up to 20 litres. Initially enzyme production was in serum-free medium following a growth phase in serum supplemented medium. However, the discovery that the cells produce the enzyme mainly during the replicative phase has led to investigating the use of serum substitutes and growth factors on cell growth and enzyme production. The aim is to harvest the enzyme after the growth phase which precludes the use of high (greater than 1%) serum concentrations. The biochemical and biophysical properties of the enzyme are described. PMID- 3899800 TI - Agarose-polyacrolein microsphere beads: a new microcarrier culturing system. AB - A new microcarrier (MC) culturing system for anchorage-dependent cells is described. The system is based on polyacrylein microspheres encapsulated in agarose and derivatized by various amino ligands. In practice, any protein or ligand with primary amino groups may be covalently bound to the microspheres through their aldehyde groups. The ease with which the beads may be derivatized enables the preparation of MC with desired surface properties for growing a variety of cells. In this model system the beads were derivatized by 2 (diethylamino)ethylamine (DEAE), diaminohexane (DAH), poly-L-lysine (PL), gelatin and collagen. The derivatized beads supported the growth of primary cells, diploid cell strains and established cell lines for biological studies as well as for production of various cell products. PMID- 3899801 TI - Stabilizing effect of reduced cultivation temperature on human x mouse hybridomas. AB - Interspecies hybridomas, such as human X mouse hybrid cells, usually show a high degree of unstability for monoclonal antibody (mAb) production. We investigated growth and specific rate of mAb-production during a period of 52 days after recloning human-mouse hybridomas at cultivation temperatures of 37 degrees C and 32 degrees C respectively. The lower cultivation temperature stabilized the overall IgM-mAb-production rate (IgM/ml) over the total cultivation period. At 37 degrees C incubation temperature the overall IgM-mAb-production was reduced to 1/3 due to loss of heavy chain production. This is visible from an increase of the kappa/mu-chain ratio. At 32 degrees C incubation temperature the specific IgM mAb-production rate (IgM/cell X time) was stabilized, whereas at 37 degrees C incubation temperature a decrease of 80% was observed. PMID- 3899802 TI - Redistribution of 125I-insulin on the surface of rat hepatocytes as a function of dissociation time. AB - In the present experiments, we have correlated the distribution of 125I-insulin on the surface of rat hepatocytes with the dissociation of 125I-insulin from the cell. When 125I-insulin interacts with isolated rat hepatocytes at 15 degrees C, an increasing proportion of the bound ligand becomes nondissociable under the influence of acid pH (6.0), trypsin (0.5 mg/ml), or an excess of unlabeled insulin (10(-6) M). Under these conditions, only a small percentage of the labeled material is internalized as determined by quantitative electron microscope (EM) autoradiography. This progressive nondissociability of the ligand parallels its movement from microvilli to coated pits and its progressive concentration in these later surface specializations. These data suggest that receptors in different domains of the plasma membrane may have different dissociation rates for the ligand. PMID- 3899803 TI - The effects of duct obliteration and of autotransplantation on the endocrine function of canine pancreatic segments. AB - This study in dogs addresses itself to the endocrine function of the duct obliterated left pancreatic lobe (body and tail), which is the portion of the pancreas used for segmental transplantation. The endocrine function was determined with intravenous (i.v.) glucose tolerance tests and expressed in K values and insulin-response curves. Duct obliteration of the nontransplanted left lobe was associated with normal K-values in the presence of the unmodified right lobe, but with reduced K-values in its absence. Removal of the left lobe while leaving the right lobe untouched was not associated with reduced K-values, but duct obliteration of the whole pancreas was. When the duct-obliterated left lobe was transplanted onto the iliac vessels (segmental autografts), K-values were reduced when compared with the unmodified situation, but were significantly higher than with nontransplanted, duct-obliterated left lobes. Insulin-response curves of nontransplanted, duct-obliterated segments differed both qualitatively and quantitatively from the unmodified situation, but insulin-response curves of duct-obliterated segmental autografts showed only qualitative differences with the unmodified situation. It is concluded that duct obliteration rather than the absence of the right lobe is the predominant cause of reduced glucose tolerance with duct-obliterated left pancreatic lobes. It is suggested that duct obliteration affects the endocrine pancreas both in a qualitative and quantitative fashion. The qualitative effect is similarly demonstrable with segmental autografts and nontransplanted segments, but the quantitative effect is largely dissolved with autografting by virtue of caval as opposed to portal venous drainage. PMID- 3899804 TI - Regulatory role of fructose-2,6-bisphosphate in pancreatic islet glucose metabolism remains unsettled. AB - Fructose-2,6-P2 was measured in perifused, isolated rat pancreatic islets. Fructose-2,6-P2 was present in pancreatic islets at low levels approximately equal to fructose-2,6-P2 content of liver from fasted rats. In islets perifused with glucose at physiologic concentrations, fructose-2,6-P2 was increased from 0.8 microM in the presence of 5.5 mM glucose to 1.0 microM at 10 mM glucose and 1.3 microM at 16.7 mM glucose, but did not increase further at higher glucose concentration. Therefore, only modest increases in the phosphofructokinase-1 activator, fructose-2,6-P2, occur at glucose concentrations stimulating insulin secretion. PMID- 3899805 TI - Insulin and insulin receptor uptake into rat liver. Chloroquine action on receptor recycling. AB - In the present study, the effect of chloroquine on both insulin and receptor distribution was examined in vivo. Insulin injection (25 nmol/100 g body wt) caused a marked accumulation of both insulin and its receptor in purified hepatic Golgi fractions by 15 min postinjection. Percoll fractionation of parent Golgi fractions resolved two endocytic components of low (rho = 1.040-1.050) and high (rho = 1.053-1.064) density in which the relative distribution of insulin binding sites was unaltered by chloroquine. Chloroquine significantly accumulated in the high-density region of the Percoll gradient consistent with this being a low pH compartment. 125I-insulin accumulated first in the low-density (1 min) and subsequently in the high-density region (5-10 min) of Percoll-subfractionated Golgi fractions. Chloroquine treatment caused marked accumulation of 125I-insulin in the high-density compartment with substantial retention of radiolabel therein at 20 min postinjection. 125I-insulin extracted from the Percoll fractions was comparably intact in control and chloroquine-treated rats. These data suggest that the chloroquine-accumulating, high-density compartment of hepatic Golgi fractions is the site of dissociation of internalized insulin-receptor complexes before degradation of the ligand and receptor recycling. PMID- 3899806 TI - Increased muscle glucose uptake after exercise. No need for insulin during exercise. AB - It has recently been shown that insulin sensitivity of skeletal muscle glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis is increased after a single exercise session. The present study was designed to determine whether insulin is necessary during exercise for development of these changes found after exercise. Diabetic rats and controls ran on a treadmill and their isolated hindquarters were subsequently perfused at insulin concentrations of 0, 100, and 20,000 microU/ml. Exercise increased insulin sensitivity of glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis equally in diabetic and control rats, but insulin responsiveness of glucose uptake was noted only in controls. Analysis of intracellular glucose-6-phosphate, glucose, glycogen synthesis, and glucose transport suggested that the exercise effect on responsiveness might be due to enhancement of glucose disposal. After electrical stimulation of diabetic hindquarters in the presence of insulin antiserum, insulin sensitivity of 3-O-methylglucose transport was increased to the same extent as in muscle from healthy rats stimulated in the presence of insulin at 50 microU/ml. Furthermore, in muscle depleted of glycogen by contractions, transport of 3-O-methylglucose was increased in the presence of insulin antiserum and in the absence of increased regional perfusate flow. It is concluded that after exercise, increased sensitivity of muscle glucose metabolism to insulin can be found in the absence of insulin during exercise, but still involves increased membrane transport of glucose. At maximal insulin concentrations, the enhancing effect of exercise on glucose uptake may involve enhancement of glucose disposal, an effect that is probably less in muscle from diabetic rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3899807 TI - Time dependence of insulin action in muscle and adipose tissue in the rat in vivo. An increasing response in adipose tissue with time. AB - The relative time dependency of enhancement of glucose metabolism by insulin in individual tissues has not been examined previously in vivo. Using the glucose clamp technique in the rat combined with radiolabeled 2-deoxyglucose (3H or 14C 2DG) administration, we have estimated a glucose metabolic index (Rg') in major insulin-sensitive tissues at two different times (between 40-55 min and 80-95 min) after onset of hyperinsulinemia (insulin levels of approximately 130 mU/L). At the completion of the clamp (125 min), eight different skeletal muscles and three different adipose tissue beds were rapidly removed for estimation of Rg', based on the accumulation of intracellular tracer 2DG-6-phosphate (2DGP). Insulin stimulated Rg' was 60-70% higher at 80-95 min than at 40-55 min after elevation of insulin levels in all three adipose tissue beds (P less than 0.01). In contrast, insulin-stimulated whole body glucose utilization and Rg' in all skeletal muscles were not significantly different at these two times. The constancy of insulin action in skeletal muscles during the 2-h euglycemic clamp, as determined in these studies, does not support the concept that the glucose clamp represents an integral of many rapidly changing individual tissue responses. In conclusion, while the amount of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in adipose tissue is low compared with muscle, the fraction increases with duration of insulin elevation. This effect may have significant implications in hyperinsulinemic states. PMID- 3899808 TI - Insulin antibodies retard and insulin accelerates growth and differentiation in early embryos. AB - The physiologic function of insulin in early embryonic life is unknown. We have shown that insulin is present in unfertilized eggs and in chick embryos at 2-3 days of development, even before the emergence of the endocrine pancreas. To define insulin's role, we exposed 2-day-old chick embryos to anti-insulin antibodies and followed their development up to day 5. Antibody-treated embryos had a higher rate of growth retardation and death by days 3-5 of embryogenesis, compared with controls. Among the survivors, biochemical maturation was delayed at days 4 and 5; weight, protein, total creatine kinase activity, and creatine kinase-MB were decreased in antibody-treated embryos. By contrast, insulin (50 ng/embryo) administered to 2-day-old embryos yielded nearly symmetrical stimulatory results. These findings suggest that endogenous insulin plays a probable physiologic role regulating growth and differentiation in early embryos. In addition, the findings provide some clues to a possible function for insulin produced outside the organism's own beta cells. PMID- 3899809 TI - Insulin stimulates DNA synthesis in cerebral microvessel endothelium and smooth muscle. AB - Experiments were performed to test the hypothesis that insulin stimulates DNA synthesis in cerebral microvessel endothelium and smooth muscle. Cultured endothelium and smooth muscle derived from isolated mouse cerebral microvessels were exposed to insulin in serum-free medium, and [3H]-thymidine incorporation in the cells was measured. Up to 40-fold stimulation of DNA synthesis in endothelium and fourfold stimulation in smooth muscle were observed. Stimulation became maximal in both cell types at an insulin concentration of approximately 10(4) ng/ml, although an effect was observed at much lower concentrations. Similar concentrations of insulin produced a less-dramatic (approximately twofold) increase in both endothelial and smooth muscle cell numbers. This effect of insulin, observed in microvessel endothelium and smooth muscle, but not in bovine aortic endothelium, emphasizes another way in which large- and small-vessel endothelia appear to differ. PMID- 3899810 TI - Effects of gestational hyperglycemia on glucose metabolism and its hormonal control in the fasted, newborn rat during the early postnatal period. AB - To evaluate the effects of gestational hyperglycemia on glucose metabolism and its regulation in the fasted rat during the early postnatal period, unrestrained rats were continuously infused with glucose during the last week of pregnancy. Control rats were infused with distilled water. Newborns were studied during the first six postnatal hours. At birth, newborns from glucose-infused rats, compared with controls, showed higher plasma glucose levels, increased plasma insulin, and lower plasma glucagon and catecholamine concentrations. Between birth and 2 h postpartum, newborn rats from both groups exhibited a marked hypoglycemia, which was, however, more severe in newborns from glucose-infused rats (15 mg/dl) than in controls (26 mg/dl). During the first four postnatal hours, plasma insulin concentration remained higher, while plasma glucagon and catecholamine concentrations remained lower in newborns from hyperglycemic rats. At 6 h, the glycemia reached normal values and the concentrations of the different hormones were similar in controls and newborns from glucose-infused mothers. Concurrently, in the newborns from glucose-infused rats, hepatic glucose production was altered, as they were unable to mobilize liver glycogen stores during the six postnatal hours. Despite slightly delayed phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase induction, the rate of gluconeogenesis from 10 mmol/L lactate estimated on isolated hepatocytes was higher in newborns from hyperglycemic mothers than in controls. These results show that gestational hyperglycemia compromises the metabolic and hormonal adaptation of the newborn rat to early extrauterine life; the striking feature of these neonates is the absence of mobilization of liver glycogen stores, which can probably be explained by fetal and neonatal hyperinsulinism associated with the defect of counterregulatory hormones. PMID- 3899811 TI - In vivo hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity in rats with non-insulin dependent diabetes induced by streptozocin. Assessment with the insulin-glucose clamp technique. AB - Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) was obtained in adult female rats by neonatal administration of streptozocin (STZ). At 2 mo of age, the basal plasma glucose values in the postabsorptive state were elevated, the glucose disappearance rate measured after intravenous (i.v.) glucose load was significantly lower in the diabetic than in control rats, and in vivo glucose induced insulin release was drastically reduced. To quantify and characterize the in vivo insulin sensitivity in rats with NIDDM, we have used the insulin-glucose clamp technique. The effects of different concentrations of insulin on glucose production, glucose utilization, and glucose clearance (measured by using 3-3H glucose) were studied in anesthetized diabetic or control rats while in the postabsorptive state. An inherent condition to set up a valid experimental design was to take into consideration, in the diabetics, the influence of the high blood glucose concentration on glucose uptake and glucose production, since the blood glucose concentration by itself affects these two parameters by a mass action effect independent of insulin. The issue was addressed by evaluating glucose production and utilization in three experimental groups: diabetics clamped at their basal blood glucose level (170 mg/dl), controls clamped at their basal blood glucose level (110 mg/dl), and controls clamped at high blood glucose level (170 mg/dl). In the basal state, glucose production was significantly higher in the diabetics than in controls. When plasma insulin was clamped at submaximal levels (300 microU/ml), the suppression of glucose production was significantly more important in the diabetics than in the two control groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3899812 TI - Insulin-mediated glucose uptake in nondialyzed and dialyzed uremic insulin dependent diabetic subjects. AB - A three-step euglycemic insulin clamp was performed in six matched groups: nine healthy subjects, 10 insulin-dependent diabetic (IDD) subjects with normal kidney function, 10 nondiabetic uremic subjects, six nondialyzed uremic IDD subjects, seven uremic IDD subjects on chronic hemodialysis (HD), and six uremic IDD subjects on chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Insulin was infused sequentially at rates of 0.5 (step 1), 2.0 (step 2), and 4.0 (step 3) mU X kg-1 X min-1. Each dose was given for 120 min; however, in the IDD subjects with fasting hyperglycemia, step 1 of the clamp was slightly extended. Average serum free insulin levels at steady state ranged from 22 to 342 microU/ml and were comparable in all groups. Step 3 glucose infusion rate (GIR), the last 30 min of the infusion period, was extremely suppressed in nondialyzed uremic IDD subjects, amounting to 53% of that in healthy subjects (7.7 +/- 0.7 versus 14.4 +/- 0.9 mg X kg-1 X min-1, P less than 0.001) indicating severe insulin resistance in peripheral tissues. As expected, step 3 glucose disposal was also reduced in IDD subjects with normal kidney function (12.4 +/- 0.6 mg X kg-1 X min-1) and nondiabetic uremic subjects (9.2 +/- 0.6 mg X kg-1 X min-1) as compared with healthy subjects (P = 0.06 and P less than 0.001, respectively). The pronounced impairment of insulin responsiveness in nondialyzed uremic IDD subjects was almost equal to the sum of the defects in nondiabetic uremic and IDD subjects with normal kidney function.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3899813 TI - The effect of insulin treatment on changes in vascular reactivity in chronic, experimental diabetes. AB - The influence of insulin treatment on the reactivity of aortae and mesenteric arteries from rats with chronic streptozocin (STZ)-induced diabetes was examined. Ninety days after the onset of diabetes, the responsiveness (developed tension [g]/cross-sectional area of tissue [mm2] ) but not the sensitivity (pD2 value) of both aortae and mesenteric arteries from untreated rats to norepinephrine (NE) was significantly increased compared with age-matched, nondiabetic controls. However, responses of K+-depolarized preparations from untreated diabetic rats to increasing extracellular Ca2+ were unchanged. Treatment of diabetic animals with daily injections of insulin for 90 days, starting 3 days after STZ treatment, normalized blood glucose levels and body weights and completely prevented the increases in responsiveness of aortae and mesenteric arteries to NE. No significant differences in systolic blood pressures, measured at weekly intervals, could be detected between nondiabetic, untreated diabetic, and insulin treated diabetic rats. Insulin treatment of diabetic animals for 30 days, begun 90 days after the onset of diabetes, also normalized blood glucose levels and completely reversed the increases in the responsiveness of aortae and mesenteric arteries to NE. These results indicate that selective increases in the reactivity of aortae and mesenteric arteries to NE occur in diabetic rats before the development of hypertension. The ability of chronic insulin treatment to restore vascular responsiveness to NE to control levels suggests that the increased reactivity is a consequence of the diabetic state, and may predispose animals to the subsequent development of hypertension. PMID- 3899814 TI - Fingerprint analysis of insulin and proinsulins. AB - Proteolysis of insulin or (pre)proinsulin with S. aureus protease V8 in Tris buffer at neutral pH yields a characteristic pattern of peptide fragments that is resolved using high-performance liquid chromatography. Identification of the fragments of interest was achieved by comparison of insulins of different species, of modified insulins and of proinsulin and N-extended proinsulin, and by amino acid analysis. The fingerprint method allows, for example, the simultaneous analysis of porcine and human insulin, the identification of a modified insulin generated in dosing devices, as well as the individual analysis of the two disulfide linkages between the A- and B-chain in refolded insulins. PMID- 3899815 TI - Influence of fasting and refeeding on the antilipolytic effect of insulin in human fat cells obtained from obese subjects. AB - The antilipolytic effect of insulin was investigated in obese subjects before and after 7 days of total fasting, and 1 h after oral refeeding with 100 g glucose. Isolated fat cells were prepared from subcutaneous gluteal adipose tissue and incubated in vitro. Specific insulin receptor binding and insulin inhibition of basal and isoprenaline-stimulated lipolysis were determined. During the fasting period, a 15% increase (P less than 0.05) in high-affinity insulin binding and a concomitant 3-4-fold increase in insulin sensitivity were noted, and there was a marked enhancement of the maximum insulin-induced inhibition of basal lipolysis, from 4 to 10 mumol of glycerol/10(7) cells/2 h. The maximum insulin-induced inhibition of isoprenaline-induced lipolysis was similar before and after fasting, about 10 mumol/10(7) cells/2 h. Glucose refeeding induced a 30% decrease (P less than 0.02) in high-affinity insulin binding and a 20-60-fold decrease (P less than 0.01) in the sensitivity of the antilipolytic effect of insulin under basal conditions and in the presence of isoprenaline. The maximum antilipolytic effect of insulin, however, was not altered by glucose refeeding. Thus, in the basal state, maximum antilipolytic effect was larger after refeeding as compared with that before fasting. The high-affinity insulin binding and insulin sensitivity were significantly lower after refeeding than before fasting. Before the fasting period, neither the insulin binding nor the antilipolytic effect of the hormone was altered by oral glucose. It is concluded that fasting and glucose refeeding are associated with marked alterations in the antilipolytic effect of insulin on human fat cells of obese subjects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3899816 TI - Pentagastrin-stimulated gastric acid output and plasma enteroglucagon in acarbose treated rats. AB - Although the purified porcine enteroglucagons glicentin and oxyntomodulin inhibit pentagastrin-stimulated gastrin acid secretion when given parenterally to rats, it is not known whether the postprandial rise in endogenous enteroglucagons is capable of exerting a similar effect. We have used the alpha-glucosidase inhibitor acarbose in combination with a sucrose- and starch-rich semisynthetic diet over 8 days to bring about a mean increase of 89 pmol/l in the fasting plasma enteroglucagon concentration in rats, without significantly affecting plasma gastrin concentrations. There was no significant suppression of pentagastrin-stimulated gastric acid secretion in the acarbose-treated rats, suggesting that endogenous enteroglucagons do not act as physiological inhibitors of gastric acid secretion. PMID- 3899817 TI - The metabolic clearance of glucose: measurement and meaning. PMID- 3899818 TI - The influence of insulin antibody levels on the plasma profiles and action of subcutaneously injected human and bovine short acting insulins. AB - The influence of moderate and low insulin antibody levels on insulin absorption and plasma free insulin profiles is uncertain. Two groups of six C-peptide negative diabetic patients, one with low (3.8 +/- 0.8 mu/l) and one with moderate (16.4 +/- 2.0 micrograms/l) serum insulin antibody levels, were studied. Subjects were given 0.3 U/kg neutral human or acid bovine soluble insulin subcutaneously in random order before breakfast on separate days. Moderate antibody levels significantly blunted the rise in plasma free insulin that followed injection of the human and bovine insulins (p less than 0.05). The rise in blood glucose after breakfast was significantly greater in patients with moderate antibody levels (p less than 0.05) and more marked following the bovine than the human insulin (p less than 0.05). Plasma free insulin, blood glucose and 3-hydroxybutyrate profiles suggest that acid bovine soluble insulin has a significantly more protracted action than neutral human insulin. PMID- 3899819 TI - Feedback effects of steroids and gonadotrophin control in adult rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus. AB - The effects of long-and short-term streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus on the control of gonadotrophin secretion have been investigated in adult intact rats. A high dose of streptozotocin (80 mg/kg), administered intraperitoneally 3 days before experimentation, inhibited ovulation and reduced the pituitary luteinizing hormone response to luteinizing hormone releasing hormone in proestrous rats. A lower dose (40 mg/kg) did not inhibit ovulation but abolished the luteinizing hormone releasing hormone-priming effect on the pituitary which normally occurs on proestrus, prior to ovulation. Oestrous cyclicity was lost when diabetes was induced for 14 or 56 days, but there was no effect on pituitary responsiveness to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone compared with control animals. Similar observations were made with rats placed on a food-restricted diet. In all experiments there was no difference between diabetic and control animals in the pituitary luteinizing hormone content, the hypothalamic content of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone or the ovarian weights. Ovariectomized rats treated with streptozotocin (40 mg/kg) were used to investigate the effects of diabetes on steroid feedback mechanisms. There was an attenuated luteinizing hormone response to ovariectomy in diabetic compared with control animals, and an impaired positive feedback effect of progesterone in oestrogen-primed animals. The results show that streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus inhibits feedback action of gonadal steroids and this could account for both the loss of oestrous cyclicity and the reduced pituitary sensitivity to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone. PMID- 3899820 TI - Functional and morphological modifications induced in rat islets by pentamidine and other diamidines in vitro. AB - The antiprotozoal drug pentamidine can be toxic to islet cells in vivo and in vitro. Rat islets were exposed to pentamidine (mesylate and isethionate salts) and six other structurally related diamidines. The beta-cell response to arginine + theophylline was suppressed by pentamidine (10(-2) mmol/l) while the glucagon and somatostatin secretions persisted. All diamidines tested suppressed the beta cell function, with a log-dose-response proportionality, the mesylate compound being more potent than pentamidine isethionate, and the lipophilic analogs more than the hydrosoluble diamidines. Electron microscopy revealed distinct morphological alterations in islets exposed to pentamidine, the intensity of these changes being dose-and time-dependent, and the beta cells more severely damaged than the non-beta cells. 51Cr-labelled islet cells and RIN 5 F cells consistently appeared more sensitive to pentamidine cytotoxicity than rat fibroblasts, myeloma cells and hepatocytes. The pentamidine-induced suppression of beta-cell function was not, in conditions tested, affected by the presence of nicotinamide and the hexose concentration in the medium. The kinetics of islet damage were slower than those of streptozotocin and alloxan-induced islet damage. The present study confirms that pentamidine is selectively toxic to islet beta cells, with some features distinct from the alloxan and streptozotocin toxicities to these cells. The mechanism of this process and its precipitating factors in vivo need clarification. PMID- 3899821 TI - Appearance of a functional insulin receptor during rabbit embryogenesis. AB - The domain structure of the insulin receptor was investigated in liver and brown adipose tissue of developing rabbits. The structure of the binding domain (alpha subunit) was analysed after covalent labelling with a 125I photo-reactive insulin analogue. The structure of the tyrosine kinase domain (beta-subunit) and the transmission of the hormonal signal from the alpha-to the beta-subunit were analysed by stimulating with insulin the autophosphorylation of the beta-subunit. Finally, the immunoreactivity of the receptor in developing tissues was assessed with anti-receptor antibodies. The results show that a functional insulin receptor can be detected at the early stages of fetal development in both tissues and is conserved throughout ontogenesis to adulthood. PMID- 3899822 TI - Alteration in the distribution of type IV collagen in glomerular basal laminae in diabetic rats as revealed by immunocytochemistry and morphometrical approach. AB - The glomerular basal laminae of normoglycaemic and long-term streptozotocin induced hyperglycaemic rats was studied by morphometrical and immunocytochemical approaches. Using the orthogonal intercept method, we have confirmed that in long term diabetes, the thickness of the glomerular basal laminae increases significantly. Applying the high resolution protein A-gold immunocytochemical technique, type IV collagen was localized in the glomerular basal laminae. In tissues from normoglycaemic animals the labelling was present over the central lamina densa. However, the labelling obtained over the thickened glomerular basal laminae of the hyperglycaemic animals was restricted to the subendothelial site of the lamina. Thus major alteration in the distribution of type IV collagen occurs during the development of diabetic microangiopathy in hyperglycaemic animals. PMID- 3899823 TI - Macrovascular disease in Caucasoid diabetic patients. PMID- 3899824 TI - Continuous infusion of glucose with model assessment: measurement of insulin resistance and beta-cell function in man. AB - Continuous infusion of glucose with model assessment (CIGMA) is a new method of assessing glucose tolerance, insulin resistance and beta-cell function. It consists of a continuous glucose infusion 5 mg glucose/kg ideal body weight per min for 60 min, with measurement of plasma glucose and insulin concentrations. These are similar to postprandial levels, change slowly, and depend on the dynamic interaction between the insulin produced and its effect on glucose turnover. The concentrations can be interpreted using a mathematical model of glucose and insulin homeostasis to assess insulin resistance and beta-cell function. In 23 subjects (12 normal and 11 with Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent diabetes) the insulin resistance measured by CIGMA correlated with that measured independently by euglycaemic clamp (Rs = 0.87, p less than 0.0001). With normal insulin resistance defined as 1, the median resistance in normal subjects was 1.35 by CIGMA and 1.39 by clamp, and in diabetic patients 4.0 by CIGMA and 3.96 by clamp. In 21 subjects (10 normal and 11 Type 2 diabetic) the beta-cell function measured by CIGMA correlated with steady-state plasma insulin levels during hyperglycaemic clamp at 10 mmol/l (Rs = 0.64, p less than 0.002). The CIGMA coefficient of variability was 21% for resistance and 19% for beta-cell function. CIGMA is a simple, non-labour-intensive method for assessing insulin resistance and beta-cell function in normal and Type 2 diabetic subjects who do not have glycosuria during the test. PMID- 3899826 TI - On the mechanism of the hypoglycaemic effect of a plant extract. AB - The efficacy of a hypoglycaemic plant extract, in common use by Kuwaiti diabetic individuals, was evaluated using both streptozotocin-induced diabetic and normal rats. A significant decrease in blood glucose concentration was demonstrated on glucose tolerance tests, as compared to untreated animals. The sum of the fasting, 1 and 2 h blood glucose values, decreased from 18.5 +/- 0.72 to 13.6 +/- 0.62 mmol/l (p less than 0.001) and from 58.6 +/- 2.83 to 44.5 +/- 3.12 mmol/l (p less than 0.005) in normal and diabetic animals treated for 1 week, respectively. Treatment with the extract was not found to significantly alter insulin levels or intestinal glucose absorption. The mode of action of the hypoglycaemic preparation remains to be elucidated. PMID- 3899825 TI - Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man. AB - The steady-state basal plasma glucose and insulin concentrations are determined by their interaction in a feedback loop. A computer-solved model has been used to predict the homeostatic concentrations which arise from varying degrees beta-cell deficiency and insulin resistance. Comparison of a patient's fasting values with the model's predictions allows a quantitative assessment of the contributions of insulin resistance and deficient beta-cell function to the fasting hyperglycaemia (homeostasis model assessment, HOMA). The accuracy and precision of the estimate have been determined by comparison with independent measures of insulin resistance and beta-cell function using hyperglycaemic and euglycaemic clamps and an intravenous glucose tolerance test. The estimate of insulin resistance obtained by homeostasis model assessment correlated with estimates obtained by use of the euglycaemic clamp (Rs = 0.88, p less than 0.0001), the fasting insulin concentration (Rs = 0.81, p less than 0.0001), and the hyperglycaemic clamp, (Rs = 0.69, p less than 0.01). There was no correlation with any aspect of insulin receptor binding. The estimate of deficient beta-cell function obtained by homeostasis model assessment correlated with that derived using the hyperglycaemic clamp (Rs = 0.61, p less than 0.01) and with the estimate from the intravenous glucose tolerance test (Rs = 0.64, p less than 0.05). The low precision of the estimates from the model (coefficients of variation: 31% for insulin resistance and 32% for beta-cell deficit) limits its use, but the correlation of the model's estimates with patient data accords with the hypothesis that basal glucose and insulin interactions are largely determined by a simple feed back loop. PMID- 3899827 TI - Divergent effect of glucagon antibodies on arginine and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in the rat. AB - The effects of glucose and arginine on insulin secretion in the presence of glucagon antibodies were investigated in rats in vivo. In contrast to controls, animals given glucagon antibodies showed an inhibition of arginine-stimulated (p less than 0.001), but not glucose-stimulated, insulin secretion. That these effects were not due to incomplete neutralisation of endogenous glucagon is evidenced by the presence of large antibody excess throughout the duration of the experiments. Both the glucagonotropic effect of arginine (319 +/- 60 ng/l, p less than 0.01) and the insulinotropic effect of exogenous glucagon (8.3 +/- 0.8 microgram/l, p less than 0.001) were demonstrable under our experimental conditions in the absence of exogenous glucagon antibodies. These observations suggest that different mechanisms are involved in the stimulation of insulin release by arginine and by glucose, and that glucagon may play an important physiological role in the mediation and regulation of insulin secretion by secretogogues, such as arginine. PMID- 3899829 TI - Chemical stability of insulin in a delivery system environment. AB - Exposure of insulin solutions to elevated temperatures for prolonged periods of time will inevitably lead to chemical modifications of the hormone. Contact with different materials in dosing devices, other design-related factors and motion appear to be chemically more detrimental than storage in glass vials at the same temperature. An in vitro test, designed to mimic the in vivo situation, consisted of delivery of insulin at 37 degrees C while the device was constantly moved on a shaking apparatus. Insulin quality was assessed using high performance liquid chromatography. A polyethylenepolypropylene glycol-stabilized neutral human insulin solution (HOE 21 PH) was used. A single insulin derivative is the major modification product which, after passage of the complete infusion system, amounts to up to 10%. The biological potency of the derivative is indistinguishable from native insulin. Delivery of acidic insulin under implant conditions, leads to extensive and multiple insulin derivatization, even though the biological potency remains 95% after 4 weeks. PMID- 3899828 TI - Corticosteroids as long-term regulators of the insulin effectiveness in mouse 3T3 adipocytes. AB - Since corticosteroid treatment is often accompanied by insulin resistance, we explored the role of corticosteroids in the regulation of the insulin effectiveness in cultured 3T3 (mouse) adipocytes. Exposure of the fat cells to dexamethasone or corticosterone (0-5 days) induced a time-, concentration-, and protein synthesis-dependent and reversible decrease in insulin binding and in basal and insulin-stimulated 2-deoxyglucose uptake. The decrease in binding (50%) was primarily due to a decrease in receptor affinity i.e. to an increase in the rate of dissociation of insulin from its receptors, and was independent from the effects of pH and temperature on the affinity. The reduction in the 2 deoxyglucose uptake (30-50%) was due to a decrease in the hexose transport capacity rather than to a decrease in the phosphorylation component of the 2 deoxyglucose uptake process. Lineweaver-Burk analysis revealed the dexamethasone induced a decrease in the apparent Vmax of the transport system i.e. in the number or activity of the hexose transporters. The effect of dexamethasone seemed to be superimposed on that of long-term insulin treatment, suggesting a different mechanism. It is concluded that corticosteroids act as long-term regulators of the insulin effectiveness by influencing the rate at which insulin dissociates from its receptors and by altering the number or activity of the hexose transporters by a common mechanism, which differs from that of the long-term regulatory effect of insulin. PMID- 3899830 TI - Pre-diabetes in the spontaneously diabetic BB/E rat: lymphocyte subpopulations in the pancreatic infiltrate and expression of rat MHC class II molecules in endocrine cells. AB - Use of monoclonal antibodies specific for rat lymphocyte subsets and an anti insulin marker has allowed us to document the following sequence of events leading to the development of clinical diabetes in this animal model. The first change observed in the pancreas is increased expression of MHC class II molecules on vascular endothelium and this precedes lymphocytic infiltration. Next, T cells of the T helper phenotype infiltrate the pancreas around blood vessels. Many of the infiltrating T cells show class II expression indicating that they are activated. A few cytotoxic and suppressor cells and B lymphocytes are also present and their numbers increase proportionately with rat age. Some macrophages are also seen. Finally, at a late stage class II MHC molecules can be detected in partially destroyed islets on beta cells which are still actively synthesising insulin. We have never observed expression of class II molecules on glucagon or somatostatin secreting cells which are invariably well preserved. PMID- 3899831 TI - HLA in relation to retinopathy, residual beta-cell function and age at onset in type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients. PMID- 3899832 TI - Dental cell interaction with extracellular-matrix constituents: type-I collagen and fibronectin. AB - It has been suggested that, during odontoblast differentiation, the extracellular matrix present at the epitheliomesenchymal junction modulates the activity of the cytoskeleton by means of membrane constituents (proteins, proteoglycans or gangliosides). To investigate this, we studied the interaction of iodinated fibronectin and type-I collagen with dissociated dental tissues and with membrane proteins prepared from these tissues. Isolated dental papillae and enamel organs were cultured for increasing periods of time in the presence of iodinated proteins. Fibronectin and type-I collagen were preferentially bound to dental papillae; however, after 6 h of incubation, fibronectin no longer interacted with the dental papillae, and the bound radioactivity was released. In the meantime, de novo synthesized fibronectin was deposited in the extracellular matrix of the dental papillae. Membrane proteins were prepared from isolated enamel organs and dental papillae. After sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, these proteins were transferred to nitrocellulose by electroblotting and then incubated in the presence of either 125I-labelled fibronectin or 125I-labelled type-I collagen. Autoradiography confirmed the preferential interaction of fibronectin with the dental papilla. Fibronectin interacted with three high-molecular-weight proteins (Mr, 145,000, 154,000 and 185,000), which were not detected when membranes were prepared from enamel organs. Under the same conditions, type-I collagen did not interact with membrane proteins. The known interaction of type-I collagen with the plasma membrane of dental-papilla cells might be mediated either by another constituent of the extracellular matrix or by cell-surface-associated proteoglycans. PMID- 3899833 TI - Comparison of rat liver foci assay and strain A mouse lung tumor assay to detect carcinogens: a review. AB - A comparison was performed of the results reported in the literature of chemicals tested in the rat liver foci assay and/or in the strain A lung tumor assay to the results of the chemicals tested in long-term carcinogenicity bioassays. The rat liver foci assay was sensitive to 69% of 54 compounds found to be carcinogenic in long-term bioassays and the strain A lung tumor assay to 54% of 93 carcinogens. None of 10 compounds found to be noncarcinogenic in long-term bioassays were active in the rat liver foci assay, while 7 of 23 noncarcinogens (30%) were active in the lung tumor assay. Ten of the 17 carcinogens negative in the rat liver foci assay are believed to exhibit tumor-promoting activity; 3 are direct acting alkylating agents (dimethylsulfate, epichlorohydrin, and beta propiolactone); and the remaining 3 are azobenzene, 1,2-dibromoethane, and thioacetamide. Thirty-two of the 43 carcinogens negative in the lung tumor assay were active in either (1) the mouse liver only, (2) the rat and not in the mouse, or (3) in both the rat and mouse liver but not in other organs of the mouse. It is proposed that additional investigations be undertaken to further evaluate the rat liver foci assay and the strain A mouse lung tumor assay as short-term in vivo tests for the demonstration of the carcinogenic potential of genotoxic (mutagenic) chemicals and environmental samples of complex mixtures. PMID- 3899834 TI - [Physiologic functions of melanin in the body]. PMID- 3899835 TI - [Contraction bands in myocardial infarct: a histopathologic-clinical problem revisited]. PMID- 3899836 TI - [Is the exercise test in stable angina reproducible? Personal experience and review of the literature]. PMID- 3899837 TI - [G.B. Morgagni's "De sedibus et causis morborum per anatomen indagatis"]. PMID- 3899838 TI - [Tobacco addiction and the immune system: II. Production of the cellular migration inhibitory factor in the presence of tobacco extract as an antigen, in patients with extrinsic bronchial asthma]. PMID- 3899839 TI - Tritiated thymidine radioautographic study on the origin and renewal of secretin cells in the rat duodenum. AB - The origin and renewal of secretin cells in the duodenum were investigated using the unlabeled antibody peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique and radioautography in rats killed at various times after single or multiple injections of [3H]thymidine. Secretin cells were spatially distributed from the upper crypt to the villus tip, being particularly numerous in the upper two-thirds of the duodenal villi. After a single injection of [3H]thymidine, there were no labeled secretin cells, indicating a lack of self-replicating activity. After repeated injections of the isotope, labeled secretin cells appeared and increased in number. They first occurred at the upper part of the crypt and the lower part of the villus, and later at the villus tip. All these cells were found to be labeled after continuous labeling for 120 h, which is considered to be the renewal time for this cell population. PMID- 3899840 TI - Indomethacin and chloroquine fail to inhibit fluid loss in cholera. AB - A randomized, controlled trial was conducted to investigate the ability of indomethacin and chloroquine to reduce intestinal secretion in 29 adult patients with severe cholera. All patients received intravenous infusion to restore fluid balance, but no antibiotics were given. Patients treated with oral indomethacin (total 200 mg) and chloroquine (total 1.5 g) did not have significantly different stool output than untreated controls during the five 8-h posttreatment periods (40 h). PMID- 3899841 TI - Beneficial effect of azathioprine and prediction of prognosis in primary biliary cirrhosis. Final results of an international trial. AB - The effect of azathioprine on survival of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis was studied prospectively in a multinational, double-blind, randomized clinical trial including 248 patients of whom 127 received azathioprine and 121 placebo. There were 57 deaths in the azathioprine group and 62 in the placebo group. The actual survival was slightly longer during azathioprine than during placebo treatment. Using Cox multiple regression analysis and adjusting for slight imbalance between the two treatment groups, the therapeutic effect of azathioprine was statistically significant (p = 0.01), with azathioprine reducing the risk of dying to 59% of that observed during placebo treatment (95% confidence interval 40%-90%) or improving survival time by 20 mo in the average patient. Furthermore, azathioprine slowed down progressing incapacitation. Side effects of azathioprine were relatively few. The analysis revealed that the following five variables independently implied poor prognosis: high serum bilirubin, old age, cirrhosis, low serum albumin, and central cholestasis. These factors were combined to a "prognostic index" for prediction of outcome in new patients. The index was validated on independent patient data. On the basis of these results we recommend azathioprine as a routine treatment of primary biliary cirrhosis. PMID- 3899842 TI - Treatment of Clostridium difficile colitis. PMID- 3899843 TI - A new treatment for primary biliary cirrhosis? PMID- 3899844 TI - "Spontaneous" bacterial peritonitis: transfallopian route of infection confirmed. PMID- 3899845 TI - Presentation of the 1985 Rudolf Schindler Award to William S. Haubrich. PMID- 3899846 TI - Fatal complication of endoscopic sclerotherapy: Serratia marcescens bacteremia with delayed esophageal perforation. PMID- 3899847 TI - [Sex determination from the skull and parts of the hip bone]. AB - Using multivariate discriminant analyses of various skull length and breadth measurements and some measurements of the ischio-pubic and/or sacro-iliac pelvic bone segments, we remarkably improved the skeleton sex diagnosis on the larger bone samples from Prague, Brno, and Leipzig. According to NOVOTNY, a correct sexing of pelves is possible on the basis of combination of 2 type-morphognostic characters and 4 morphometric ones of the pubis, the ischium, and the greater sciatic notch (incisura ischiadica major). The symphysis region also yields several characters usable in discriminant functions which, in combination with the ventral border of the symphyseal surface, enable the sex diagnosis required by forensic medicine using one part of pelvis only. PMID- 3899848 TI - [Results of pathologico-anatomic findings on the synthetic architecture of the human brain]. AB - The synthetic architecture of the brain reflects the dynamics of life, which require harmony. In man, the goal of the energy recognizable in this architecture differs from that in animals. Individual reactions are the results of the different spatial architecture. Special enzyme properties have been pointed out. These are responsible for differences in structure and relationships. Such differences are necessary for the various biologic demands. They also explain many clinical findings. PMID- 3899849 TI - [History of the determination body height from skeletal findings (body height determination for men). The proposed methods of body height determination from skeletal findings since the middle of the 20th century]. AB - A scientific historical review of the procedures of stature estimation according to skeleton finds including a collection of important tables and formulae replacing the troublesome looking for formulae and tables in the scattered publications was still missing. In the 1st part, a collection of estimations published since the middle of the 18th century to the middle of the 20th century is therefore presented. In this part, a collection important procedures of stature estimation published since the middle of our century is given. The presentation follows the chronological succession. A short description of all mentioned base populations is included in the text. A thorough critical anthropological and statistical analysis of base populations and estimations was not intended, because this should be the topic of a separate research. PMID- 3899850 TI - [Problems of and possibilities in fetal surgery]. AB - Recent developments and improvements in prenatal diagnostic methods, and in particular antenatal ultrasonography, have made intrauterine detection of fetal abnormalities possible. Most defects are best treated after birth, only a few disorders are potentially amenable to surgical treatment in utero. Studies in animal models have helped us to define the pathophysiology, to recognize the interference of the abnormality with organ development and to determine whether elimination of the anomaly might allow fetal development to proceed normally. In utero repair of congenital diaphragmatic hernia has been practiced on a fetal lamb model but has not yet been attempted in human beings. Treatment of fetal hydrocephalus has been investigated in sheep and rhesus monkeys, and the pathophysiology and intrauterine treatment of fetal hydrocephalus has been studied in fetal lambs and monkeys, but the question of the reversibility of renal dysplasia has not been resolved. Animal models have been described for possible intrauterine treatment of skeletal abnormalities like spina bifida. But more knowledge of embryology and of the pathophysiology of the malformation is needed, as well as about the efficacy and feasibility of this method before it can be attempted in human beings. Prerequisites for fetal surgery include the selection of those fetuses who might benefit from intrauterine treatment, counselling of the family concerned, and a highly experienced multidisciplinary team including a perinatal obstetrician, an ultrasonographer, a pediatric surgeon and a neonatologist. In human beings intrauterine treatment has been performed in erythroblastosis fetalis, urinary tract obstruction and hydrocephalus with encouraging results. There are many ethical, legal and social questions which cannot be answered; new guidelines and rules will have to be laid down.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3899852 TI - [The position of the human fetus during pregnancy and the probability of spontaneous rotation to the vertex position in primi and multiparae]. AB - Now that ultrasonography is a routine examination in pregnancy, breech presentations are frequently diagnosed. On the basis of 4066 individual examinations a graph was drawn indicating the relative frequency of breech, vertex and transverse presentations in the course of pregnancy. There are clear, and in some cases statistically significant differences between primiparae and multiparae with regard to the individual presentations. The analysis of several ultrasonographic examinations of one and the same patient makes a prediction possible of the likelihood of the foetus moving from breech to vertex presentation in a particular week of the pregnancy. Here there are clear differences between primiparae and multiparae: thus, the chance that a foetus in breech presentation in the 29th week will move spontaneously into vertex presentation in a primipara is 31.1%, while the degree of probability in multipara is 70.2%. In the 33rd week the probability is 15.5% in primiparae, as opposed to 57.5% in multiparae. From the 37th week on, spontaneous movement into vertex presentation is no longer likely to occur, in either primiparae or multiparae. In the 29th week, on the other hand, the likelihood of a foetus in vertex presentation moving into breech presentation in a primiparae is 0.6%, while in a multiparae it is considerably higher, at 2.3%. From the 33rd week on there is no likelihood of spontaneous movement into breech presentation in either group. Two tables, for primiparae and multiparae, respectively, show the likelihood of movement from one presentation to the other between the 13th and 41st weeks.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3899851 TI - [Sonographic diagnosis of severe fetal malformations]. AB - The present paper reports on results of ultrasonographic examination in the identification of severe congenital malformations in the period between 1975 and 1982. The incidence of severe congenital malformations in relation to the total number of births during this period was 159 out of 11,372 (1.4%). In 144 cases with severe malformations at least one antenatal ultrasonographic examination had been performed. According to their topographic location, 42% of these were head/neural tube defects, 38% trunk/organ defects, only 2% were severe defects of the extremities and 18% were rare fetal malformations. As a result of previous ultrasonographic examinations at specialists' practices 60% of the cases were referred to the authors' clinic for further clarification with a correct diagnosis or a suspected fetal malformation. Of all the sonographically demonstrable structural defects of the fetus, 81% of all severe fetal defects seen at the authors' clinic during the period in question were identified correctly. If the observation period is divided into the years 1975 to 1979 and 1980 to 1982, there is a striking rate of increase in the number of antenatal ultrasonographic diagnoses which were correct, from 71% in the first period to 86% between 1980 and 1982. Most of the false-negative ultrasonographic findings were congenital cardiac abnormalities, since up to that point no special fetal echocardiographic examinations had been performed. In the entire period covered by the investigation there was only one false-positive finding ("Potter's syndrome"). Forty-six per cent of the ultrasonographically demonstrated severe fetal malformations were diagnosed before the end of the 24th week of pregnancy, and 54% after the end of the 24th week of pregnancy. Only in 60 out of 141 cases (43%) with severe fetal malformations was the quantity of amniotic fluid found to be normal; 26% of the cases had hydramnios and 31% oligohydramnios. Pathologic movement behaviour had been registered ultrasonographically in 43% of the cases with severe fetal malformations; biometric dimensions of the biparietal cranial diameter and the transverse diameter of the thorax (greater than 10th percentile to 90th percentile, according to the percentile growth curves of Schmidt, 1982) corresponding to gestational age had only been measured in 30% and 50%, respectively, of the cases with fetal malformations. During the entire period covered by the investigation, from 1975 to 1982, only 16 children born at term (between the 38th and 42nd weeks) had severe malformations which had not already been diagnosed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3899853 TI - [Epignathus, a rare twin malformation]. AB - The article reports on the course of pregnancy and parturition of a foetus with epignathus and explains in detail born prenatal diagnosis and aetiopathology of this very unusual twin monster. Highly efficiently a organised teamwork between obstetricians, neonatologists and paediatric surgeons is mandatory to give the newborn a chance of survival. PMID- 3899854 TI - [Hygiene problems with the Technicare breast sonography]. PMID- 3899856 TI - Immunocytochemistry of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone and sexual maturation of the frog brain: comparisons of juvenile and adult bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana). AB - An unlabeled antibody enzyme immunocytochemical procedure has been combined with an adjacent serial section approach to localize mammalian-like immunoreactive luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (ir-LH-RH) in brains of juvenile and adult bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana). In juvenile animals modest specific immunocytochemical staining was found over cell bodies in the anterior preoptic area (aPOA) and in scattered neurosecretory endings in the outer layer of the median eminence (ME). In brains of adults, a comparatively robust staining was observed for perikarya in the medial septal nucleus, as well as in the aPOA; intense immunostaining of a well-differentiated ME also was noted for adults. Specific immunocytochemical staining was absent from other brain regions and in control preparations. Accordingly, changes both in the number and distribution of cells stained and in the quality of immunostaining were coincident with sexual maturation of the brain. This initial study of juvenile and adult bullfrogs suggests that ir-LH-RH in septal and preoptic areas may exert distinctly differing activities. PMID- 3899855 TI - Glucose tolerance and insulin response in offspring of ethanol-treated pregnant rats. AB - The effects of maternal alcohol ingestion on oral glucose tolerance and insulin response were studied just after birth and in 3-day old offspring of rats given ethanol for drinking (25% w/v) during pregnancy. Offspring litter size, litter survival and body weight were reduced as a consequence of maternal alcohol treatment. Basal plasma insulin levels were augmented in pups from alcoholized mothers just after birth, despite the fact that blood glucose did not change. Maternal alcohol consumption caused glucose intolerance associated with unchanged insulin response in pups just after birth whereas 3-day old pups from alcoholized mothers showed normal glucose tolerance associated with increased insulin response. Data indicate that chronic maternal ethanol treatment may cause impaired insulin sensitivity in the offspring. PMID- 3899857 TI - LH secretion in response to gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) by superfused pituitaries from two species of turtles. AB - A superfusion system was employed to study the dynamics of the responses of LH secretion to gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) by anterior pituitary glands (quartered) from adult turtles, Pseudemys scripta and Chrysemys picta. Responsiveness was highly variable in both species, but in many cases, the tissues showed marked responses to relatively low doses (2-20 ng/ml) of GnRH. GnRH had no effect on LH secretion in five female P. scripta tested in the month of August, whereas it stimulated most glands tested in June and September; the few males tested were not as responsive as females in the same season. Female P. scripta invariably showed no or only very transient responses (less than 1 hr) to continuous GnRH superfusion, although glands recovered rapidly from this state of "desensitization" as evidenced by their ability to respond to subsequent stimuli. In some cases, pulsatile GnRH was effective in preventing this rapid desensitization. In contrast, glands from female C. picta were highly responsive in August. In March, they were similar to June P. scripta in showing a rapid desensitization to GnRH, whereas in August, the tissues of C. picta maintained full responsiveness to continuous GnRH for many hours. There was little evidence of GnRH "self-priming" in the turtles. The high individual variability in the magnitude of the response of LH to GnRH, the variable but often rapid desensitization to GnRH, as well as possible sexual, seasonal, and species differences in GnRH responsiveness may underlie the discrepancies previously observed among in vivo and in vitro studies in reptiles. However, the turtle is clearly not as unresponsive to mammalian GnRH as suggested by some previous studies. PMID- 3899858 TI - Adrenergic control of insulin release from isolated islet tissue in the rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri R. AB - Immunoreactive insulin levels (IRI) were measured by a homologous fish insulin radioimmunoassay. An in vitro pancreatic islet superfusion technique was employed to monitor the changes in IRI in the presence and absence of specific adrenergic agonists and antagonists. Exogenous adrenaline at low concentrations (10(-10) M) inhibited IRI release but evoked an IRI stimulation at high concentrations (10( 6) M). The stimulation of IRI by adrenaline is thought to involve beta adrenoceptors located postsynaptically on the beta-cell membrane as the effect of adrenaline was mimicked by the beta-agonist, isoproterenol, and abolished by the beta-antagonist, propranolol. Phentolamine (an alpha-antagonist) potentiated the adrenergic stimulation of IRI, whereas yohimbine (an alpha 2-antagonist) was without effect. Phenylephrine (alpha 1-adrenoceptor agonist) inhibited IRI release suggesting the presence of alpha 1-inhibitory adrenoceptors which exert a modulatory influence on adrenaline-stimulated insulin release. PMID- 3899859 TI - [Yeast resistance to polyene antibiotics. IV. A study of the inheritance of changes in the sterol composition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeasts caused by mutations of nystatin resistance]. AB - Sterol content in haploid and diploid strains of yeast having mutations of resistance to nystatin were studied by UV spectrometry method. Heterozygous diploids carrying one or two nystatin resistance mutations have, as a rule, the sterol content of the wild type strains. Segregants of the same genotype demonstrate differences in sterol content. Double mutants nys1 nys2 and nys1 nys3 have UV spectra typical for single nys2 and nys3 mutants, respectively. Double mutants nys1 nysX are characterized by a "mixed" UV spectra of sterols. PMID- 3899860 TI - [Cytogenetic effect of the action of apretana on the bone marrow cells of Microtus oeconomus]. AB - A frequency of aneuploid cells and mitotic activity induced in bone marrow cells of Microtus oeconomus by apretan was examined. Treatment with doses 10 g per kg of the weight increased the frequency of aneuploidy from 5.4 to 29.6% and that of the mitotic activity two times. The possible reasons for these data are discussed. PMID- 3899862 TI - Studies on the regulation and function of the Klebsiella pneumoniae ntrA gene. AB - The ntrA gene from Klebsiella pneumoniae has been cloned and the product identified as a 76-kDal acidic polypeptide. An ntrA::lacZ fusion was used to demonstrate that expression of ntrA is not controlled by the nitrogen regulation (ntr) system and is independent of the nitrogen status of the cell. Studies with multicopy plasmids carrying ntrA and rpoD suggest that the ntrA product competes with the rpoD product (sigma 70 of RNA polymerase) in mediating transcription initiation by RNA polymerase at ntrA-dependent promoters. No significant homology between ntrA and rpoD was detected by Southern blotting. PMID- 3899861 TI - Nucleotide sequence of the gene ereA encoding the erythromycin esterase in Escherichia coli. AB - We have cloned and determined the nucleotide sequence of the gene ereA of plasmid pIP1100 which confers high-level resistance to erythromycin (Em) in Escherichia coli. The gene was defined by initiation and termination codons and by in vitro insertion-inactivation into an open reading frame (ORF) of 1032 bp corresponding to a product with an Mr of 37 765. However, the enzyme, an Em esterase, displayed an apparent Mr of 43 000 upon electrophoresis of a minicell extract on the SDS polyacrylamide gels. The G + C content (50.5%) of the gene ereA and the preferential codon usage in its ORF suggest that this resistance determinant should be indigenous to E. coli. PMID- 3899863 TI - Nucleotide sequence of the birA gene encoding the biotin operon repressor and biotin holoenzyme synthetase functions of Escherichia coli. AB - A 2.2-kb region of DNA containing the birA gene of Escherichia coli has been sequenced. The birA gene sequence predicts a 35.3-kDal [321 amino acids (aa)] bifunctional protein containing biotin-operon-repressor and biotin-holoenzyme synthetase activities. Mutations, generated by random insertion of XhoI linkers, defined the extent of the gene. Mutations affecting one or more of five discernable properties of birA [Barker, D. and Campbell, A., J. Bacteriol., 143 (1980) 789-800] were mapped. Three mutations that result in temperature-sensitive (ts) growth, birA85, birA215, and birA879 mapped in the N-terminal two-thirds of the protein. The birA352 mutation, which partially complements birA215 and birA879, maps in the N-terminal third of the protein. Finally, birA361 maps closest to the amino terminus. PMID- 3899864 TI - [Allergenic properties of fungal microorganisms]. PMID- 3899865 TI - [Temporary occlusion of a bronchus and prolonged endopleural proteolysis in the complex treatment of acute pyopneumothorax and pleural empyema]. PMID- 3899866 TI - [Surgical treatment of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias]. PMID- 3899867 TI - [Repeated surgical interventions in recurrent cardiospasm and cardial achalasia]. PMID- 3899868 TI - Growth of the fetal kidney assessed by real-time ultrasound. AB - We present a method for measuring the size of the fetal kidney by real-time ultrasound. We examined 241 normal pregnancies and 27 pregnancies with intrauterine growth retardation by this method. The cross-sectional area of the kidney (KA) increases linearly from 20 weeks to term whereas the relative size of the kidney to the abdomen (KA/AA ratio) remains constant during this period. Growth-retarded fetuses had significantly smaller KA values than normal fetuses but their KA/AA ratios were generally in the normal range. The results showed that the growth of the fetal kidney correlates well with that of the abdomen and could be an additional parameter for the detection of intrauterine growth retardation. PMID- 3899869 TI - Difference between inactive renins in amniotic fluid and in control or pregnancy plasma. AB - Phenylethylamine-agarose column chromatography has been used to compare inactive renins in amniotic fluid, in control plasma during estrogen treatment and in maternal plasma during normal pregnancy. Inactive renin in all three was retained by the column and separated from renin substrate. Inactive renin in control and maternal plasma desorbed similarly and was different than that in amniotic fluid. The results suggest that during normal pregnancy the elevated concentrations of inactive renin in maternal plasma are more likely of renal than placental origin. PMID- 3899870 TI - Can a low-lying placenta be the risk factor of cervical incompetence? A preliminary study on the relationship between placenta insertion and anatomical status of uterine cervix. AB - An attempt was made to verify the hypothesis that a low-lying placenta may be a factor leading to the dynamic form of cervical incompetence. A vaginal evaluation of the cervix was made in 143 pregnant women who by means of ultrasonographic method were found to have low-lying placentas. In as many as 68 out of the 143 studied cases (47.5%), the low-lying placenta coincided with a shortening of the cervix about half its normal length or in both shortening and patency of the uterocervical canal, measuring up to 2 cm in diameter (39 cases). The statistical calculations indicate that a low-lying placenta can influence cervical behaviour and that it appears to be a risk factor of cervical incompetence. PMID- 3899871 TI - [A forgotten giant: Max Marcuse, a founder of the science of sexology]. PMID- 3899872 TI - [Sclerodermal renal crisis]. PMID- 3899873 TI - [Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax infection in an Ethiopian child]. PMID- 3899874 TI - Malaria in the province of Takeo, Cambodia. AB - Malaria was studied in the province of Takeo, Cambodia. In the hyperendemic region of Kirivong district, 49 (46.0%) of 105 suspected patients were found to be infected, 98% of them with Plasmodium falciparum and 2.0% with P. vivax. The highest prevalence (85.7%) was recorded in the group of 15-20-year-old patients. A total of 296 patients were examined in the hospital of Takeo during one year (1983-1984) and 77 (26.0%) of them were positive. P. falciparum infection was found in 76.6% and P. vivax in 23.4% of cases. The highest prevalence (42.3%) was also in the age-group of 15-20 years. The "7-day test" was used in vivo in 15 patients in order to detect the sensitivity of P. falciparum to Fansidar. The asexual forms of parasites disappeared within 4 days, while the gametocytes survived in two patients until 7th and 8th day, respectively. The observations could not be terminated, since the two patients will fully left the hospital. PMID- 3899875 TI - Maternal-foetal distribution studies in late pregnancy. II. Distribution of [1 14C]acrylamide in tissues of beagle dogs and miniature pigs. AB - [carbonyl-14C]Acrylamide was administered iv as a single dose (5 mg/kg) to pregnant beagle dogs and miniature pigs late in gestation. After a 2-hr equilibration period, the animals were killed and foetuses were removed for determination of the amount of radioactivity in maternal and foetal tissues. In total, six dog litters (33 foetuses) and seven pig litters (45 foetuses) were examined. In dogs, acrylamide was distributed readily to both maternal and foetal tissues with a placental distribution factor of 17.7%. The blood/brain distribution factor was insignificant (5.9%) in maternal dogs and 0% in the foetuses. Maternal liver was the largest depot of the administered acrylamide in the dog, followed by the maternal kidney. In pigs, the placental distribution factor was 31%, and the blood/brain distribution factor was insignificant in both maternal and foetal pigs. Liver and kidney of maternal pigs also contained the greatest amount of radioactivity. Although there appears to be some placental protection of the foetuses from the xenobiotic in the maternal circulation, foetal brain would be exposed to the effect of any acrylamide present in the foetal circulation, since the foetuses of both species had blood/brain distribution factors that were either small or zero, reflecting the absence of a blood-brain barrier. PMID- 3899876 TI - The sprained ankle: current therapy. AB - The sprained ankle is one of the most common musculoskeletal injuries. Three treatments for severe acute sprain are advocated: immobilization, protected mobilization, and primary surgical repair. These injuries are cared for by different medical and paramedical specialties, each with varying skills and interests. In order to define the current preferred treatment, a survey was randomly distributed to 500 physicians. These data indicate that the treatment is generally conservative: cast immobilization was the preferred treatment for the moderate and severe sprain. These data also demonstrated that basic care (e.g., ice and elevation) and rehabilitation were often neglected. Significant differences were noted between the specialties of orthopaedic surgery, family practice, and emergency medicine. PMID- 3899877 TI - A review of ruptures of the Achilles tendon. AB - Rupture of the Achilles tendon is a relatively infrequent injury that is often missed by the initial treating physician. The diagnosis can be established on the basis of the physical examination with weakness of plantarflexion, a palpable gap in the tendon, and a positive squeeze test. Special diagnostic studies are rarely necessary. In the majority of cases, the etiologic basis for the rupture appears to be a combination of intratendon degeneration and mechanical stress. Conservative treatment of an acute rupture by immobilization with a cast provides satisfactory results. For the younger, more athletic patient, surgical repair should be considered. PMID- 3899878 TI - [Teleroentgenologic studies of medieval skulls from Southern Germany]. PMID- 3899879 TI - [Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and atherosclerosis]. PMID- 3899880 TI - [Simultaneous administration of digoxin and diltiazem in patients with cardiac insufficiency and coronary heart disease]. PMID- 3899881 TI - [A worldwide center of attraction. The "Spirit of Hammersmith" celebrates a jubilee--50 years' existence of the Hammersmith Hospital in London]. PMID- 3899882 TI - FNS archives to be presented to University of Kentucky during 60th anniversary observances in November. PMID- 3899883 TI - The dream of a dynamic, high-fidelity, synchronous, volumetric imaging system and the road to its realization. PMID- 3899884 TI - [Clinical uses of digital subtraction angiography for imaging anatomy immediately following heart operations in childhood]. AB - Within the last three years, digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was performed 60 times in 58 children with congenital heart disease (coarctation of the aorta, tetralogy of Fallot or transposition of the great vessels) in the immediate post operative period to delineate residual defects. The DSA was carried out 3.7 +/- 1 days postoperatively with a total of 3.8 +/- 2.5 ml (0.47 +/- 0.2 ml/kg) Conray 70 or Solutrast 300 injected by hand into a catheter which generally had been positioned preoperatively at the transition between superior vena cava and right atrium. The outflow of the contrast medium was recorded on video tape and, additionally, single images of important anatomical details were obtained. In six patients with resected aortic coarctation, the patency of the entire aortic arch was documented with DSA; these patients had undergone surgery at a mean age of 3.3 +/- 4.8 years. Seven patients, with a mean age of 2.5 +/- 4.7 years, had tetralogy of Fallot, three additionally with pulmonary valve atresia; in all, postoperatively, the entire right ventricular outflow tract and the large pulmonary vessels could be demonstrated. In 45 patients with transposition of the great vessels, mean age 4.5 +/- 3.1 months, an atrial inversion with the Senning procedure was carried out; postoperatively, in all patients, the confluence of the superior and inferior vena cavae into the systemic venous portion of the atrium could be delineated. The pulmonary veins were visualized in one-third of the patients. In eight patients, DSA demonstrated obstruction at the opening of the superior vena cava into the atrium together with the collateral circulation via the azygos vein and the inferior vena cava.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3899885 TI - Densitometric studies in digital subtraction angiography: assessment of pulmonary and myocardial perfusion. AB - The technical improvement of digital imaging systems has provided for roentgen densitometric analysis of radiographic image sequences. Thereby, regional and temporal measurements of the amount of contrast medium have been performed for comparative studies in angiocardiography. The use of digital image subtraction for densitometric evaluation is specifically advantageous because misregistration by motion artefacts can be circumvented. Furthermore, enhancement of faintly opacified circulatory structures assists in the detection and outlining of the regions of interest. Methods of digital densitometry are described utilizing large "densitometric areas" for the evaluation of pulmonary perfusion symmetry. Similarly, coronary flow distribution data have been established in experimental studies. Regional measurements of myocardial contrast accumulation allowed for perfusion studies in absolute units of volume flow (ml/min) of the three main coronary arterial vessels. Future application of the latter technique is expected to facilitate coronary flow reserve measurements in the clinical setting. PMID- 3899886 TI - Time and flow parameter extraction in digital angiography: principles and methods. AB - Indicator dilution techniques are used in the quantitative analysis of angiograms for time and flow measurements. In digital angiography the temporal changes of brightness are examined for each picture element. Certain functional parameters are evaluated and assembled in "parametric images". Flow distribution measurements are performed on the basis of two parametric images: A time parameter is used to define vascular segments that are passed by the blood flow in preselected time intervals. The depth parameter image provides for computation of the volume of each segment, which is used as the basis for regional blood flow calculation. Five time parameters and two depth parameters are described, differently suitable in various fields of application. PMID- 3899887 TI - The making of a medical generalist. PMID- 3899888 TI - The medical school revisited. PMID- 3899889 TI - Academic health centers: a troubled future. PMID- 3899890 TI - Influence of extracellular phosphate concentrations on the regulation of hepatic glucose output. AB - Experiments were carried out to investigate the role of extracellular phosphate in the hormonal regulation of glycogenolysis in perfused fed-rat liver. Omission of phosphate from the perfusate did not affect the ATP, ADP and AMP contents of the tissue and the basal glucose output from the perfused liver. However, it inhibited significantly the glycogenolysis induced by glucagon, cyclic AMP, phenylephrine and vasopressin but not that induced by 2,4-dinitrophenol. In the absence of perfusate phosphate, the increase in phosphorylase a activity caused by the addition of glucagon, phenylephrine and vasopressin was significantly less than that observed in the presence of perfusate phosphate. Insulin inhibition of the glucagon- or cyclic AMP-induced glycogenolysis was abolished when the perfusion was carried out with the phosphate-free buffer. However, the inhibitory effect of insulin on phenylephrine-induced glycogenolysis was clearly demonstrated even when the perfusate contained no phosphate. These data indicate that in the phosphate-depleted liver, the hormonal control of phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of phosphorylase is impaired. The difference in the phosphate dependency of insulin action on glucagon-and alpha-adrenergic agonist-induced glycogenolysis suggests that the mechanism or site of insulin action on glucagon and phenylephrine is different. PMID- 3899891 TI - Hormonal studies in a patient with PP-producing tumors. AB - Five years after the removal of pure pancreatic polypeptide (PP) producing tumors, concentrations of circulating levels of PP, insulin, glucagon, and growth hormone in the basal state, after insulin-induced hypoglycemia, and after a protein-rich meal were determined in a patient with previous truncal vagotomy and Billroth II gastrectomy. Basal plasma levels of PP ranged between 2180 and 2660 pg/ml suggesting persistence or recurrence of PP producing tumors. Concentrations of the other hormones were within normal values. After insulin injection (0.1 U/Kg) levels of PP and glucagon were not modified while those of GH rose from 3.2 to 22.6 ng/ml. After a protein meal (450 gms. of cooked ground beef meat) a sharp rise of plasma PP was observed to a peak of 11310 pg/ml at 10 min. Moreover, plasma levels of immunoreactive insulin also showed an equally prompt rise to a peak of 532 microU/ml while plasma glucagon rose simultaneously to 448 pg/ml. The cause of the abnormal PP, insulin and glucagon responses could not be ascertained but we postulate that they are derived from pancreatic tumors of mixed cell type. PMID- 3899892 TI - Evidence for a substrate regulation of triglyceride lipolysis in human skeletal muscle. AB - Glycerol release from the human forearm which is generally used as a semiquantitative index of intramuscular lipolysis was studied under different hormonal influence and substrate supply in healthy volunteers and juvenile diabetics using the forearm technique. Acute insulin deficiency in juvenile diabetics failed stimulating the rate of muscular lipolysis since the rates of glycerol release in normals and diabetics were the same. In addition, in normal volunteers high physiological levels of insulin caused by an intraarterial infusion of the hormone exhibited no effect on the glycerol release from deep forearm tissue. Similarly, an intraarterial infusion of metaproterenol did not accelerate muscular glycerol release in normal man. However, in juvenile diabetics in acute insulin deficiency the same dose of the catecholamine increased the rate of muscular glycerol production. Elevated substrate supply during intravenous infusion of glucose or fructose yielded increased uptake of glucose and fructose into the deep forearm tissue and thereby promptly blocked muscular glycerol release in normal volunteers and in juvenile diabetics. These findings suggest that the rate of lipolysis in muscle tissue is not primarily under the control of hormones but rather by substrate supply. PMID- 3899893 TI - B-CLL cell surface markers and mitogen-induced thymidine uptake: a comparison between lymph node cells and peripheral blood lymphocytes in 25 patients. AB - Lymphocytes from peripheral blood and lymph nodes from 25 patients with B-CLL were analysed by immunofluorescent staining of surface membrane immunoglobulin (SmIg), the B-cell marker B1, and the T-cell markers Leu 1/2/3/4. Tritium thymidine uptake was measured in mitogen-stimulated 4-day cultures. Differences in these parameters between cells from the two sources in each patient were calculated with the paired T-test. All cell samples showed a clonal B-cell population. More blood lymphocytes than lymph node cells expressed the monoclonal SmIg (mu or gamma, p = 0.04; kappa or lambda, p less than 0.01), and T-cells were more frequent in lymph nodes (p = 0.01), where the T helper/suppressor ratio was higher. Furthermore, lymph node cells showed a higher thymidine uptake in response to the mitogens LPS, PWM, and Cowan (p = 0.01, p = 0.01, and p = 0.004, respectively), but there was no difference in the responses to EBV, DxS, TPA and PHA (p greater than 0.5). The higher response in lymph node cells to some mitogens might in part be explained by differences in the numbers of accessory cells, such as T-helper cells, but also by the existence of leukaemic B-cell subsets with different mitogen response patterns and different distributions within the lymphoid compartments. The characterization of subsets within a malignant cell clone might be of clinical importance. PMID- 3899894 TI - The granular peripolar cell of the human glomerulus: a new component of the juxtaglomerular apparatus? AB - Using serial sections of resin-embedded tissue we found granular peripolar cells in six human kidneys. They were present in 3% to 28% of the glomeruli. Using an immunoperoxidase staining technique and an antibody to pure human renin we showed that the human peripolar cell contains no immunostainable renin. The number of peripolar cells correlated with the number of juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGAs) with renin-containing cells; their distribution within the renal cortex was similar, both being found predominantly in glomeruli in the superficial cortex. There was a close anatomical relationship between the peripolar cells and the renin containing cells in individual JGAs. These findings suggest the possibility of a functional relationship between the peripolar cell and the other components of the juxtaglomerular apparatus. PMID- 3899895 TI - Granular peri-polar cells, renin and the juxta-glomerular apparatus. PMID- 3899896 TI - Hospital industry price wars heat up. PMID- 3899897 TI - Health insurance and cross-subsidization. Interview by Emily Friedman. PMID- 3899898 TI - A matrix for management. American Hospital Association Alternative Delivery and Financing Systems Task Force. PMID- 3899899 TI - Freeze threatens small hospitals' survival. PMID- 3899900 TI - GME cutbacks seen having long-term effect on U.S. physician distribution. PMID- 3899901 TI - HCFA's new lab plan stirs wide opposition. PMID- 3899902 TI - Physician offices invade clinical laboratory market. PMID- 3899903 TI - Signet ring cell lymphoma of the thyroid: a case report. AB - The first case of extranodal signet ring cell lymphoma involving the thyroid gland is reported in a 53-year-old woman with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Since 1978, 24 cases of signet ring cell lymphoma, all involving primarily nodal tissue, have been documented in the literature. This rare neoplasm is believed to be a variant of non-Hodgkin's follicular lymphoma, which may be mistaken for metastatic poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. PMID- 3899904 TI - Endocrine changes associated with the human aging process: III. Effect of age on the number of calcitonin immunoreactive cells in the thyroid gland. AB - The thyroid glands obtained at autopsy from 60 patients ranging in age from 16 to 89 years were immunostained for calcitonin (CT) by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase procedure. The numbers of CT immunoreactive cells identified were 0.99 +/- 1.07/mm2 in the young patients (16 to 39 years of age), 0.99 +/- 1.46/mm2 in the middle-aged (40 to 59 years of age), and 2.97 +/- 3.69/mm2 in the elderly (60 years of age and older). The results were not statistically significant because of the large standard deviation. The CT immunoreactive cells tended to aggregate in clusters in a pattern similar to that seen in C-cell nodules in older persons. PMID- 3899905 TI - Survival of treponemes after treatment: comments, clinical conclusions, and recommendations. AB - Treponemes may persist after treatment that has been accepted as effective; the reasons for this are discussed. Nevertheless, the epidemic of syphilis after the second world war was not followed by an epidemic of late syphilis, and the results of treatment with penicillin are excellent. Neurological signs may progress in some treated patients, and the standard doses of soluble penicillin and any dose of benzathine penicillin (even with added probenecid by mouth) cannot be relied on to achieve treponemicidal concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). There are no large scale studies of CSF findings after treatment of early syphilis with benzathine penicillin. Standard dosage, such as procaine penicillin G 600 000 international units (IU) by intramuscular injection for 10 days, is the treatment of choice for the patient suffering from uncomplicated early syphilis; this should be preferred to benzathine penicillin, which should only be used when standard treatment as above cannot be given. Treponemicidal concentrations of penicillin should be achieved in the CSF of patients suffering from neurosyphilis by schedules of probenecid by mouth and procaine penicillin by single daily intramuscular injections; treatment should last for 17 to 21 days. Benzathine penicillin should not be used for the treatment of patients suffering from neurosyphilis or from the iritis of late syphilis including that accompanying interstitial keratitis. Treatment for interstitial keratitis should initially be as for neurosyphilis, but in recurrent cases it may have to be prolonged to eradicate Treponema pallidum that is dividing slowly. Doxycycline 200 mg by mouth daily for 21 days provides a supervisable outpatient schedule for patients allergic to penicillin. Cephaloridine (and probably cefuroxime and the new cephalosporins) may be useful for patients who are allergic to penicillin but have not developed anaphylactic allergy. If erythromycin is used for treating syphilis in pregnant women who are allergic to penicillin, then the newborn babies should be treated with penicillin. PMID- 3899906 TI - Monoclonal anti-idiotype antibodies against the murine B cell lymphoma 38C13: characterization and use as probes for the biology of the tumor in vivo and in vitro. AB - To establish a murine model for the monoclonal anti-idiotype immunotherapy of B cell lymphoma, a panel of rat and murine monoclonal anti-idiotype antibodies of several different isotypes was generated against the surface immunoglobulin of the murine B cell tumor 38C13 (38C). Xenogeneic antibodies were made from fusions of rat spleen cells immunized with the 38C idiotype. Syngeneic monoclonal anti idiotypes were generated from mice immunized with the idiotype conjugated to the protein carrier KLH. Small differences were noted in the ability of the antibodies to cross-block one another, but all appeared to be directed against the same or closely spaced idiotopes on the immunoglobulin molecule. The antibodies selectively precipitated surface Ig from 38C tumor cells and not from normal mouse spleen cells. They were used to selectively stain 38C tumor cells in cell suspensions for FACS analysis or immunohistochemical staining of tissue sections from mice bearing the tumor. As the malignancy progressed, the number of tumor cells found in all tissues examined increased. Thus, the anti-Id antibodies provided a specific probe for tumor cell detection. The antibodies had no detectable effect on cell growth in vitro; however, they did cause the rapid transient loss of the expression of cell surface Ig. This modulation was concentration and time dependent but not 100% complete. Re-expression of the Id occurred by 24 h following removal of the anti-Id antibodies. When these antibodies were used in sensitive radioisotope and enzyme linked immunoassays, the tumor cells were found to secrete small amounts of idiotype in vitro and in vivo. The level of idiotype detected in vivo correlated with tumor growth and inversely with survival. This work is an attempt to develop further an animal model system in which to test the diagnostic and therapeutic effects of monoclonal anti-idiotype antibodies. PMID- 3899907 TI - Monoclonal antibodies against chicken tropomyosin isoforms: production, characterization, and application. AB - Eight mouse monoclonal antibodies, CH1, CH106, CH291, CL2, CG1, CG3, CG beta 2 and CG beta 6, against chicken tropomyosin isoforms have been prepared and characterized. The antigens recognized by these isoform-specific monoclonal antibodies were identified by both solid-phase radioimmunoassay and protein immunoblotting. To some extent, most antibodies showed isoform-specific, but one (CG3) recognized all isoforms of tropomyosin from chicken materials. The effects of monoclonal antibodies on the binding of cardiac tropomyosin to F-actin were investigated. Antibodies CH1, CH106, and CH291 had the ability to interfere with the binding of tropomyosin to F-actin, whereas others appeared to have no effect. Monoclonal antibody CL2 was able to distinguish the skeletal muscle tropomyosin enriched microfilaments from the fibroblastic tropomyosin-enriched microfilaments of differentiating muscle cells. This antibody will be most useful for studying the compartmentalization of microfilaments and microfilament-associated proteins, particularly actin and tropomyosin isoforms during muscle differentiation. Immunofluorescence microscopy with CG1 antibody which recognized CEF tropomyosin isoforms 1 and 3 revealed the continuous staining of stress fibers in some populations of CEF cells. On the other hand, both periodic fluorescent staining and continuous staining of stress fibers were observed with CG3 antibody in all CEF cells. PMID- 3899908 TI - Generation of class II antigen polymorphism. PMID- 3899909 TI - Organization and expression of the MHC of the C57 black/10 mouse. PMID- 3899910 TI - Structure and polymorphism of murine and human class II major histocompatibility antigens. AB - The molecular analysis of the Class II region of the MHC of mice and of humans has to date led to some important conclusions. These regions encode sizeable families of related loci, at least 2 alpha and 6 beta in mice and 6 alpha and 7 beta in man. In addition to the sizeable number of potential molecules that could be expressed by the loci of this region, all the beta chains and both A alpha and DC alpha have extensive amounts of polymorphism. This polymorphism is strikingly similar at Class II loci in mouse and man. The majority of the variability is found in the first domain and consists of discrete regions of variability. These variable regions appear to be important functionally in presenting antigen, as evidenced by the bm12 mutant. The allotypy of these molecules is complex and is presumably generated by a combination of gene conversion and point mutation followed by selection. Final definition of the range of allelic variability and further insights into the mechanism by which it was generated are still to be resolved, as in a complete map of all the Class II loci in both mouse and man. The data available at present pose certain questions that now need to be addressed. The precise functional role of individual regions or residues of the Class II molecules can now be analyzed using the available sequence data and site specific mutagenesis. Fine structural analysis of these molecules is impossible at present using only sequence data, and X-ray crystallography will be required to answer fundamental questions about 3-dimensional structure. Finally, disease specific sequences may be uncovered on particular haplotypes which permit the production of disease-specific probes. The molecular revelations of the last few years have resolved many questions about the polymorphisms of Class II products, but many new questions need to be resolved before these molecules and their extensive polymorphism can be properly understood. PMID- 3899911 TI - Reminiscences. PMID- 3899912 TI - HLA class I genes: from structure to expression, serology and function. AB - HLA class I genes have been isolated from phage and cosmid libraries and assayed by transfection into murine L cells. The transfection step proved to be very important because of the large number of genes (and pseudogenes) in this family. All functional genes characterized so far in this way are "classical" class I genes, i.e. members of the HLA-A, -B or -C families. Three of these have been sequenced (HLA-A3, -Aw24; HLA-Cw3) in addition to the pHLA 12.4 pseudogene. Sequence comparisons indicate, in particular, extreme conservation of the 3' non coding region between allelic HLA-A locus genes; the general organization of all these genes (8 exons) is very similar. Restriction mapping around the functional genes has been performed to investigate the degree of conservation (e.g. between HLA-A3 regions from 2 different individuals) and examine allelism at the DNA level (e.g. between HLA-A3 and HLA-Aw24 regions). Exon shuffling experiments followed by serological analysis of the expressed product indicate that, as expected, specificities are determined by the first two domains of the molecule. However, further constructs show that as soon as a single exon is exchanged most specific reactivities disappear. CTL analysis of murine cells expressing HLA molecules has run into many difficulties but still holds promise for the study of structure-function relationships in this system. PMID- 3899913 TI - Molecular organization of the class I genes of human major histocompatibility complex. AB - In this brief review, our main emphasis has been on the analysis of the sequence diversity among various class I genes and their functional implications. The availability of complete nucleotide sequences of 7 different genes representing different loci allowed us to derive a consensus sequence. One mouse MHC Class I gene was included in these comparisons as a representative of H2 genes Evolutionary patterns can be seen on the basis of divergence of various genes from the derived consensus sequence. At least 1 human gene which has a promoter similar to that of H2 genes and which contains a single initiation codon following this promoter (unlike all other human genes and like all the H2 genes) has been identified. Both variable and homology regions can be identified in the entire length of the gene. While exons show relatively strong conservation of sequences, the introns have many variable regions, introns 6 and 7 being the most heterogeneous. Stretches of conserved nucleotide sequences are noticed at the 3' regions of most introns. Estimation of total number of class I genes is presented on the basis of cloning experiments, and the abundance of 1 particular pseudogene is discussed. PMID- 3899914 TI - DNA and protein studies of HLA class II molecules: their relationship to T cell recognition. PMID- 3899915 TI - Genetic complexity and expression of human class II histocompatibility antigens. AB - The genes encoding nearly all of the serologically defined class II antigens of the major histocompatibility complex have been isolated. Three class II loci have been studied in great detail. The DR region contains a single alpha gene and 3 beta chain genes, 1 of which is a pseudogene. The DR alpha chain gene has been linked to a DR beta gene which encodes a beta protein which contains the serological determinant MT3. A second cosmid cluster contains 2 beta genes, 1 of which encodes the DR4 allospecificity. The identification of these genes has been made by the comparison of amino terminal sequences of DR molecules obtained from a DR4 cell line and the deduced protein sequences of the beta 1 exons from cosmid and phage clones. A conserved element including the promoter and signal sequence is found at the 5' end of each of the 3 DR beta genes. Additionally, this element occurs three more times in the DR region, raising the question of whether additional beta chain genes might be found. The DQ region contains 2 pairs of genes, 1 of which encodes the DQ antigen. The 2nd pair of genes, called DX alpha and beta, appears to be capable of expressing a DQ-related product, although, to date, there is no evidence for its expression. The DP region also contains 2 pairs of genes. One pair encodes the DP antigen while the 2nd alpha-beta pair is shown to be composed of pseudogenes. The location of polymorphic regions in these genes and aspects of their relationship to the serology, evolution, and function of the class II MHC are discussed. The control of expression of class II genes by gamma-interferon has been examined. The promoters of class II genes are characterized by two conserved sequences common to all alpha and beta chain genes as well as by conserved sequences specific for either alpha or beta chain genes. In addition to studies of expression by DNA-mediated gene transformation, a system for the gene transfer of MHC antigens utilizing transmissible retrovirus vectors is described. Retrovirus vectors have been used to transmit DR alpha, DR beta, and the invariant chain (gamma) sequences to recipient cells with resultant expression of these proteins. PMID- 3899916 TI - Specific cell-mediated responses to bacterial antigens and clinical correlations in reactive arthritis, Reiter's syndrome and ankylosing spondylitis. AB - In 2 cases of ReA seen during the acute phase and shown serologically to be due to Y. enterocolitica 0:3, the LT test showed a marked response using as antigen a freeze dried preparation of the causative organism. The test result correlated with the activity of the disease when repeated during a flare in the 1st case, and during remission in both. Patients with ReA/RS in general showed a significantly higher response to the yersinia and klebsiella antigens tested when compared to AS, suggesting an overall difference in cell-mediated immunity to these enteric bacteria. AS cases reacted significantly less than controls to K. pneumoniae under suboptimal conditions. K. pneumoniae was shown to enhance the LT response to yersinia, possibly through an adjuvant effect. This was found with AS, ReA and in controls, though whether it is of relevance in the etiopathogenesis of AS or ReA/RS remains far from clear. Acute non-traumatic synovitis of the knee, occurring de novo, or in association with psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease, or as part of RS, may be accompanied by evidence of heightened reactivity to streptococci both by blood and synovial fluid mononuclear cells. In 1 case with serological evidence of streptococcal infection and erythema nodosum, these changes were found to parallel disease activity. ReA can, it appears, follow recent streptococcal infection, and be associated with B27. PMID- 3899917 TI - HLA-B27 and clinical aspects of ankylosing spondylitis: results of prospective studies. PMID- 3899918 TI - Serum IL-2 inhibitor in mice. I. Increase during infection. AB - Serum from normal mice contains an inhibitor of interleukin-2 (IL-2) which probably interacts directly with IL-2. Athymic mice and normal mice kept under specific pathogen-free conditions do not show this activity, whereas mice infected with malaria parasites have increased serum levels of inhibitor. This IL 2 inhibitor may play an important part in regulating T-cell function. PMID- 3899919 TI - [Tromantadine hydrochloride in the treatment of herpes genitalis. A double-blind controlled study]. PMID- 3899920 TI - [Identification of protein S 100 and melanoma-associated antigens in a comparative study of malignant melanoma and nevus pathology]. PMID- 3899921 TI - In vitro migration inhibition of [3H]leucine-labeled granulocytes by supernatants of Con A-Sepharose stimulated MNC cultures. AB - By measuring in vitro migration of [3H]leucine-labeled granulocytes from agarose containing capillary tube fragments, the migration inhibitory activity of supernatants of Con A-Sepharose stimulated MNC cultures was tested. The sensitivity of the method was increased by using higher dilutions of granulocytes in agarose (from 10(7)/1 microliter to 10(7)/3-4 microliter). Serum-free assays have been used for characterizing the migration inhibitory activity in this system. The migration inhibitory activity was abolished by absorption on granulocytes or by heating (56 degrees C, 80 degrees C). Other factors such as L fucose, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, DFP or BAEE showed only moderate or insignificant impairing effects on migration inhibitory activity of crude supernatants of Con A Sepharose stimulated MNC cultures. PMID- 3899922 TI - Activation of human blood lymphocytes and monocytes by the streptococcal preparation OK432: enhanced generation of soluble cytotoxic factors. AB - The streptococcal preparation OK432 augments natural cytotoxicity of human blood lymphocytes and monocytes. It also enhanced the production of natural killer soluble cytotoxic factors (NKCF) when the effector cells interact with K562 cells. There was a good correlation between the OK432-induced enhancement of NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity and the released NKCF activity. OK432-pretreated monocytes secreted higher amounts of monocyte cytotoxic factors (MCF) than the untreated monocytes. With the monocytes the enhanced generation of MCF was not always accompanied by the increase in direct cell-mediated lysis of K562. OK432 treatment alone did not induce NKCF release from lymphocytes, and the presence of K562 in the culture was necessary. In contrast, monocytes generated MCF when exposed to OK432. In the supernatants of cocultures of OK432-activated effectors and K562 the NKCF and MCF activity was elevated two- to ten-fold. The OK432 induced augmentation of natural cytotoxicity exerted by lymphocytes and monocytes may be mediated through an increase in the synthesis, activation and/or release of NKCF and MCF. PMID- 3899923 TI - Evaluation of monoclonal antibodies having specificity for human IgG sub-classes: results of an IUIS/WHO collaborative study. AB - Seventy-four monoclonal antibodies (McAb) of putative specificity for human IgG (11), the IgG sub-classes (59) or Gm allotypes (4) have been evaluated for reactivity and specificity in eight laboratories employing different assay techniques or protocols. For the IgG, IgG3, IgG4, G1m(f) and G3m(u) specificities McAb have been produced that can be satisfactorily applied in most methodologies employed and have potential as reference reagents. The IgG1 and particularly IgG2 specificities proved problematical with all McAb evaluated demonstrating apparent assay restriction and whilst performing well in some assays proved to be poor or inactive reagents in others. However, the study identifies McAb individually suited to application within most commonly employed methodologies. Epitope display is the probable variability rather than capricious behaviour by the McAb. IgG1 and IgG2 were the least immunogenic of the sub-class proteins and there is evidence that epitope display is influenced by the physical and chemical procedures used to immobilize or fix antigen - a common requirement in the assay systems studied. PMID- 3899924 TI - Human B-cell differentiation induced by murein. AB - Like "true" polyclonal B-cell activators (PBA) for murine B cells, crude membrane preparations of Klebsiella pneumoniae (Klebs M) and some other enterobacteriaceae stimulate human B cells to mature into immunoglobulin (Ig) secreting cells without significant prior proliferation and in the absence of T cells. To investigate the biochemically defined membrane component with this unique PBA property, we studied lipoprotein and murein isolated from E. coli, since other components (e.g., a variety of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) fragments) failed to imitate Klebs M as a PBA. Mononuclear cells (MNC) and B cell-enriched cell populations from healthy blood donors were stimulated with various doses of lipoprotein and murein and, in comparison, Klebs M and pokeweed mitogen (PWM). Cell cultures exposed to either lipoprotein, murein, or Klebs M failed to incorporate [3H]thymidine significantly after 5 days in culture. In contrast, there was significant DNA synthesis (stimulation index greater than 3) when PWM was given to the same MNC population. All stimulants, with the exception of lipoprotein, induced B-cell differentiation in MNC cultures, as measured by an ELISA quantitating secreted Ig in the culture supernatants. In cultures with B cell-enriched cell populations, however, only Klebs M and murein were able to induce the production of significant amounts of IgM. Thus, the actual PBA moiety contained in the crude membrane fraction (Klebs M) appears to be associated with murein. It is important to note that murein induced considerably weaker Ig secretion than Klebs M did. PMID- 3899925 TI - A rapid spectrophotometric method for assessing macrophage phagocytic activity. AB - The method described provides a rapid and inexpensive in vitro assay of phagocytosis by mononuclear phagocytes. This assay utilizes yeast cells, stained with congo red, as the target particle and quantitation is performed spectrophotometrically. An attractive feature of this assay is that phagocytic activity is assessed using large sample sizes, in this case approximately 1 X 10(6) macrophages per sample, resulting in a more accurate evaluation of phagocytosis than assays dependent on microscopic quantitation. PMID- 3899926 TI - Detection of antibodies reacting with live rat insulinoma cells in the serum of patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) by an 125I-protein A microassay. PMID- 3899927 TI - Antibodies against monomorphic determinants of the alpha chain of class I human leukocyte antigens inhibit the reaction of human lymphocytes to mitogen and tetanus toxoid. AB - Monoclonal antibodies directed against the alpha chain of Class I Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) antigens inhibit the reactivity of human T lymphocytes to mitogen or antigen. In contrast, monoclonal antibodies to beta 2 microglobulin do not suppress human T cell proliferation to these same stimuli. As antigen presentation by accessory cells involves Class II and not Class I MHC antigens, the inhibition of human T cell proliferation in response to mitogen or antigen may occur at the level of the responder cell. The differential effect seen between monoclonal antibodies directed against the alpha chain of Class I MHC framework determinants and antibodies reactive with the polymorphic determinants suggests functionally separate components of the Class I MHC molecules. PMID- 3899929 TI - [Retainer positioner. An aid in the cementation of lingual retainers]. PMID- 3899928 TI - Glycoprotein biosynthesis during inflammation in normal and streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. AB - Extracellular glycoproteins play an important role in wound healing; yet little is known about glycoprotein biosynthesis and its regulation by insulin in inflammation. Using [1-14C] fucose as a marker, glycoprotein biosynthesis was studied in carrageenan-induced granuloma from diabetic and control rats. Fucose incorporation into glycoproteins was followed for 24 h after an intraperitoneal injection of the label. Radioactivity in trichloroacetic acid precipitable serum glycoproteins and saline-soluble and insoluble glycoproteins was assessed in five , seven-, and ten-day-old granuloma tissues. Fucose incorporation was higher in soluble glycoproteins (P less than 0.01) at all points in controls than in diabetic granulomas, and peak incorporation was reached in both groups on the seventh day. Incorporation of fucose into insoluble glycoproteins was higher in normals on the seventh day than in diabetics. Liver-, kidney-, and intestine soluble glycoproteins showed a maximum incorporation on the seventh day, but no difference was noted between diabetic and normal rats. Incorporation of fucose in insoluble glycoproteins showed a gradual decline with the age of granuloma in all tissues from both groups, with the exception of the kidney. In the kidney, fucosylation of insoluble glycoproteins was decreased (P less than 0.01) in diabetics compared to controls. These results indicate an active phase of biosynthesis, with an increase in glycosylation during inflammation that is probably insulin dependent. PMID- 3899930 TI - Subspecies-specific surface antigens of promastigotes of the Leishmania donovani complex. AB - Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis patterns of proteins and externally exposed labeled surface constituents were analyzed in promastigotes of three etiological agents of kala azar (Leishmania donovani, HS70 strain from India; L. chagasi, Imperatriz strain from Brazil; L. infantum, ITMPA K263 strain from Morocco and MO strain from France). Coomassie blue-stained gels showed similar protein patterns for L. donovani and L. chagasi and a more distinct one for L. infantum. Surface radioiodination with two different methods, lactoperoxidase and IODO-GEN, gave identical autoradiographic patterns for each parasite. Four major labeled proteins with apparent Mr values of 65,000, 60,000, 50,000, and 26,000 were detected in both L. chagasi and L. donovani. However, the radioiodinated polypeptide pattern of L. infantum only showed two major bands with an apparent Mr of 62,000 and a doublet of 26,000 to 23,000. Immunoprecipitation of detergent extracts of labeled promastigote subspecies with immune sera from rabbits immunized with either L. chagasi or L. infantum and from patients and mice infected with these two parasites, as well as with a monoclonal antibody against the surface of L. donovani promastigotes, demonstrated that the surface antigenic expression of L. infantum is different from that noticed in the two other subspecies, which are similar. Immunofluorescence experiments with some of these antibodies confirmed these results. The present findings should be considered in taxonomic and immunological studies in visceral leishmaniasis. PMID- 3899931 TI - Colonization of the mouse intestine by an avirulent Salmonella typhimurium strain and its lipopolysaccharide-defective mutants. AB - For study of the role of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) character in colonization of the mouse large intestine, use was made of S. typhimurium strain SL5316, which is streptomycin resistant and smooth (wild-type LPS) but nonvirulent because it is Aro- (aromatic dependent). Several rough variants of different LPS chemotype derived from strain SL5316 comprised: an rfb deletion transductant making type Ra (complete core) LPS; an rfaJ mutant making incomplete core of type Rb2; and an rfa-990 mutant making LPS core less complete than chemotype Rb2. We tested these strains for colon-colonizing ability by feeding them to male CD-1 mice receiving streptomycin sulfate (5 g/liter) in their drinking water. Each strain, if fed alone, was found in the feces throughout the 15 days of the experiment at about 10(8) CFU/g for the smooth strain or 10(7) CFU/g for each of its rough derivatives. However, when mice were fed equal numbers of two strains (with differentiating antibiotic resistance characters), the strain with the more complete LPS was found in the feces in great excess, 1000- to 100,000-fold, according to the pair. Thus, when strains were placed in direct competition with one another, their relevant colon-colonizing abilities were found to be wild type greater than rfb much greater than rfaJ greater than rfa-990, showing that the ability of a Salmonella strain to colonize the mouse large intestine decreases as its LPS structure becomes more defective. PMID- 3899932 TI - Effects of cyclosporine in experimental cryptococcal meningitis. AB - We studied the effects of cyclosporine on experimental cryptococcal meningitis. Like cortisone, cyclosporine depressed the highly effective defense mechanisms of normal rabbits against inoculated Cryptococcus neoformans, causing them to develop progressive, fatal cryptococcal meningitis. Unlike cortisone, which causes a striking reduction in leukocytes in cerebrospinal fluid, cyclosporine depressed mononuclear cell function rather than numbers. Interleukin 2, a primary target for the immunodepressive action of cyclosporine, appears to be of central importance in central nervous system defenses against cryptococci. The findings suggest that humans receiving cyclosporine are likely to suffer increased incidence of cryptococcal infection. PMID- 3899933 TI - Cloning and surface expression in Escherichia coli of a structural gene encoding a surface protein of Haemophilus influenzae type b. AB - Recombinant DNA technology was used to clone a gene coding for a surface protein of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) into Escherichia coli. Chromosomal DNA from a clinical isolate of Hib was cleaved with EcoRI and ligated into plasmid vectors containing three different translational reading frames. E. coli carrying recombinant plasmids were screened in a colony blot-radioimmunoassay system by using murine monoclonal antibodies (mabs) directed against cell surface-exposed proteins of Hib. mab 7B2, which is specific for a Hib surface protein with an apparent molecular weight of 27,000 (27K), reacted with several recombinant strains of E. coli. Restriction analysis revealed the presence of a 9.1-kilobase DNA insert in each of these recombinant plasmids and also determined that both transcription and translation of the Hib gene(s) coding for the 7B2-reactive antigen were not dependent on the lac operator and promoter of the vectors. Radioimmunoprecipitation and Western blot analyses showed that the antigenic determinant recognized by mab 7B2 in these recombinant E. coli was present in a 27K protein. In addition, this 27K protein was shown to be both localized on the surface of these E. coli cells and accessible to antibody. PMID- 3899934 TI - Induction of natural killer cell activity by inactivated Candida albicans in mice. AB - Injection of merthiolate-inactivated yeast form cells of Candida albicans into the peritoneal cavities of mice induced the appearance of a cytolytic effector population against YAC-1 tumor cell lines. This induction was maximally manifested in 5- to 8-week-old animals 3 to 4 days after injection of 2 X 10(7)C. albicans cells, and the peritoneal lytic population exerted its optimum cytotoxic effect after 4 h of incubation. No significant natural cytotoxic activity was generated by C. albicans in the bone marrow or thymus, whereas there was a slight, transient, but significant depression of natural splenic cytotoxicity. Experiments performed to characterize the natural cytotoxic population elicited by the inactivated yeast showed that the effectors were nonadherent, nonphagocytic cells. Moreover, the anti-YAC-1 lytic activity was partially sensitive to anti-Thy1.2 serum and was completely abrogated by treatment of peritoneal nonadherent cells with monoclonal anti-asialo GM1 antibodies. Finally, the peritoneal population of cytotoxic cells induced by C. albicans was fully susceptible to Ly5.1 plus anti-immunoglobulin G2a and complement lysis. Although different cell populations could be induced by inactivated C. albicans, all of our data support the view that the anti-YAC-1 activity was entirely attributable to natural killer lymphocytes. PMID- 3899935 TI - Intracellular distribution of heat-labile enterotoxin in a clinical isolate of Escherichia coli. AB - The intracellular distribution of heat-labile enterotoxin in a human isolate of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli varied significantly as a result of changing incubation time, media, and degree of aeration. Direct comparison with a K-12 plasmid recipient revealed a similar but less dramatic response to environmental factors. PMID- 3899936 TI - Mucosal antitoxin response in volunteers to immunization with a synthetic peptide of Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin. AB - Peroral immunization of volunteers on four weekly occasions with 750 micrograms of a conjugate containing 3,000 antigen units of a synthetically produced peptide of hyperantigenic Escherichia coli heat-stable (ST) toxin, conjugated with the heat-labile toxin B subunit as a carrier, raised serum immunoglobulin G antitoxin titers to ST by fourfold and intestinal immunoglobulin A antitoxin titers to ST by sevenfold over control values at five weeks postimmunization. The ability of jejunal aspirates from the immunized volunteers to neutralize ST in the suckling mouse assay correlated with the intestinal immunoglobulin A ST antitoxin response determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. PMID- 3899938 TI - In vitro binding of natural killer cells to Cryptococcus neoformans targets. AB - Nylon wool-nonadherent splenic cells from 7- to 8-week-old CBA mice were further fractionated on discontinuous Percoll gradients. Enrichment of natural killer (NK) cells in Percoll fractions 1 and 2 was confirmed by morphological examination, by immunofluorescent staining, and by assessing the cytolytic activity of each Percoll cell fraction against YAC-1 targets in the 4-h51Cr release assay. Cells isolated from each Percoll fraction were tested for growth inhibitory activity against Cryptococcus neoformans, a pathogenic yeastlike organism, by using an in vitro 18-h growth inhibition assay. The results showed that NK cell enrichment was concomitant with enrichment of anti-Cryptococcus activity in Percoll fractions 1 and 2. Cells from NK cell-rich fractions formed conjugates with the mycotic targets similar to the conjugates reported in NK cell tumor systems. In addition, the percentage of effector cell-Cryptococcus conjugates was directly proportional to the level of the C. neoformans growth inhibitory activity of the effector cells used. Scanning electron microscopy of the effector cell-Cryptococcus conjugates showed direct contact between the effector cells and the cryptococcal targets. An immunolabeling method combined with scanning electron microscopy was used to demonstrate that the effector cells attached to C. neoformans were asialo GM1 positive and, therefore, had NK cell characteristics. PMID- 3899937 TI - Pathogenic properties of Campylobacter jejuni: assay and correlation with clinical manifestations. AB - The pathogenic properties of 20 strains of Campylobacter jejuni isolated from persons with clearly defined clinical manifestations were determined. Cell-free broth filtrates were examined for (i) enterotoxin production by Chinese hamster tissue culture assay and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) employing GM1 ganglioside and affinity-purified antiserum to Escherichia coli heat-labile toxin, (ii) cytotoxin production by Vero and HeLa cell tissue culture lines, and (iii) their ability to cause fluid secretion in rat ligated ileal loops. Viable bacteria were examined for invasive properties by an ELISA with the immunoglobulin fraction of antiserum to Formalin-killed bacteria of an invasive strain, and by their effect on fluid secretion and morphology in rat ligated ileal loops. None of the eight isolates obtained from asymptomatic carriers had any detectable pathogenic properties. All six strains isolated from persons with bloody invasive-type diarrhea elaborated a cytotoxin; their viable bacteria had high titers in the ELISA for invasive properties and caused fluid secretion in ligated ileal loops, although consistent morphologic abnormalities and evidence of mucosal invasion, examined by immunofluorescence techniques, were not detected. All six strains isolated from persons with watery secretory-type diarrhea produced an enterotoxin, one elaborated a cytotoxin, and broth filtrates of all strains caused fluid secretion in ligated ileal loops; viable bacteria had low titers in the ELISA for invasive properties and evoked fluid secretion in ligated loops by means of enterotoxin production. These observations show (i) that a correlation exists between the pathogenic properties of the infective C. jejuni strain and gastrointestinal manifestations in the infected host, and (ii) that these pathogenic properties can be identified by in vitro assays, including ELISAs. PMID- 3899939 TI - Monoclonal antibodies produced against sporozoites of the human parasite Plasmodium malariae abolish infectivity of sporozoites of the simian parasite Plasmodium brasilianum. AB - We have used a sporozoite neutralization assay to define the biological relevance of the cross-reactivity of two monoclonal antibodies, raised against sporozoites of the human parasite Plasmodium malariae (Uganda 1/CDC), with sporozoites of the simian parasite Plasmodium brasilianum (Colombian). In vitro incubation of each of these two monoclonal antibodies with sporozoites of P. brasilianum totally abolished the infectivity of these parasites for Saimiri sciureus. Using Western blot analysis and one of the P. malariae monoclonal antibodies, we identified two sporozoite proteins characteristic of the Colombian isolate of P. brasilianum with apparent molecular weights of 56,000 and 66,000. The same monoclonal antibody identified two proteins in an extract of the Peruvian isolate of P. brasilianum with apparent molecular weights of 59,000 and 69,000. PMID- 3899940 TI - Attachment of staphylococci and streptococci on fibronectin, fibronectin fragments, and fibrinogen bound to a solid phase. AB - The attachment of Staphylococcus aureus (Cowan I) and two strains of group A and G streptococci on glass cover slips coated with fibronectin, fibronectin fragments, or fibrinogen was studied. The attachment was quantitated by counting the attached bacteria on glass surfaces coated with a similar molarity of the proteins. Fibronectin was a more effective attachment factor than fibrinogen for staphylococci, while group G streptococci attached better on fibrinogen- than on fibronectin-coated cover slips. In this system, group A streptococci bound almost exclusively to substrate-bound fibrinogen. Attachment experiments involving the use of staphylococci pretreated with soluble fibronectin or fibrinogen revealed that bacterium-bound fibronectin and fibrinogen were able to enhance the adherence on cover slips coated with fibronectin. The 30-kilodalton NH2-terminal and the 120- to 140-kilodalton COOH-terminal fragments of fibronectin, both of which contain bacterial binding sites, mediated the staphylococcal attachment, suggesting that both parts of the molecule are involved in the attachment mediated by fibronectin. PMID- 3899941 TI - Antigenic heterogeneity of lipid A of Haemophilus influenzae. AB - The chemical structure and biologic function of the lipid A portion of lipopolysaccharide are not identical among gram-negative bacteria. This study indicates that antigenically heterogeneous lipid A exists among strains of Haemophilus influenzae. An immunoglobulin G3 murine monoclonal antibody, 3D2, produced against a nontypable H. influenzae strain 3524 has specificity for a site on the lipid A portion of the H. influenzae lipopolysaccharide. With the Western blot and immunodot assay, 3D2 recognized this lipid A determinant on 14 of 24 (58%) of strains of nontypable H. influenzae and in 51 of 95 (54%) strains of H. influenzae type b. This lipid A epitope has a high degree of specificity for H. influenzae, since it is not present on the lipid A of 39 gram-negative strains from 14 non-Haemophilus species. In addition, studies of 36 strains of six Haemophilus species other than H. influenzae and 8 strains of 4 species of Actinobacillus did not contain the 3D2 epitope. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis with a kinetic assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay inhibition confirmed the antigenic heterogeneity of H. influenzae lipid A. Thin-layer chromatography demonstrated that the 3D2 epitope is associated with a chloroform soluble lipid moiety in the lipid A. Fluorescent antibody analysis of H. influenzae indicated that the epitope is on the cell surface. The monoclonal antibody was not bactericidal for strain 3524, and it did not inhibit the bactericidal action of normal human serum against the same strain. These studies demonstrate that the lipid As of H. influenzae are antigenically heterogeneous. PMID- 3899942 TI - Factors governing adherence of Candida species to plastic surfaces. AB - The ability of Candida albicans and Candida spp. to adhere to inert polymeric surfaces may allow these organisms direct ingress into the human host. Biophysical characterization of this adherence shows that the forces responsible for such adherence are attractive London-van der Waals forces (or hydrophobic forces) and electrostatic forces. The hydrophobic affinity of yeasts was determined by (i) a water-hydrocarbon two-phase assay and by (ii) measurement of the contact angle (theta) of a liquid droplet on a monolayer of yeast cells. The hydrophobicity of the yeasts correlated with the tendency of yeasts to adhere to polystyrene and was reduced in the presence of Tween 20. The adherence of yeasts to polymers of increasing hydrophobicity (determined by the contact angle method) was directly proportional to theta. Yeast surface charges were altered by selectively blocking amino and carboxyl groups. The more positively charged yeasts adhered in greater numbers. Increasing the molarity of NaCl increased yeast adherence. These forces probably contribute to the negative cooperativity (determined by Scatchard and Hill plot) that characterizes the adherence of yeasts to polymers. PMID- 3899943 TI - Serological studies on patients with suspected legionellosis in New Zealand. AB - Specimens from 490 patients with suspected legionellosis from many parts of New Zealand were studied. Most of these were sera, but 36 specimens including material from lungs, pleural fluid and sputa were also examined. The sera were tested for the presence of antibodies to Legionella pneumophila serogroups 1 to 6 and Legionella micdadei. Serological evidence of legionellosis was found in 49 patients. Antibodies to L. pneumophila serogroup 6 predominated, while those to L. micdadei and L. pneumophila serogroup 1 were noted in smaller numbers. Antibodies to serogroups 2, 3, 4 and 5 of L. pneumophila were not often encountered. PMID- 3899945 TI - Evaluation of a rapid latex agglutination test (Directigen) for the direct detection of group A streptococci from throat swabs. AB - A rapid group A beta-hemolytic streptococci (GAS) antigen detection test using latex agglutination (Directigen, Becton Dickinson) was compared with a conventional culture method for the direct detection of GAS from throat swabs. One throat specimen was collected from each of 229 patients. After standard inoculation onto sheep blood agar plates, all swabs were tested for GAS antigen. Of the 229 specimens tested, 46 (20%) were GAS-positive by culture. Direct latex agglutination agreed with culture in 222 of them (97%). The sensitivity of the test was 93% (43/46), the specificity 98% (179/183), the positive predictive value 91%, and the negative predictive value 98%. The detection of GAS antigen by coagglutination (Phadebact, Pharmacia) was also carried out. 81% (35/43) of the cultures and Directigen-positive specimens gave a positive coagglutination for GAS. 100% (179/179) of the cultures and Directigen-negative specimens were also negative by the coagglutination test. We conclude that the Directigen rapid latex agglutination test for the direct detection of GAS from throat swabs compares favorably with culture and has the advantage of providing same-day results. PMID- 3899944 TI - Aeromonas and plesiomonas as possible causes of diarrhoea. AB - The number of reports on the isolation of Aeromonas from patients with diarrhoeal disease is now large and suggests an etiological role of the bacterium. It is well established that strains of Aeromonas produce an enterotoxin. This enterotoxin is cytotonic, i.e. it does not damage the membrane, and it does not cross-react immunologically with cholera toxin and Escherichia coli heat-labile (LT) toxin. Most enterotoxigenic strains also produce a cytotoxic protein (hemolysin), the role of which is probably limited in diarrhoea but potentially toxic in humans in other kinds of infections. Strains of Plesiomonas shigelloides also seem to be able to cause diarrhoea in some cases. The pathogenesis of Plesiomonas-induced diarrhoea remains to be elucidated, but a heat-stable enterotoxin may be involved. PMID- 3899946 TI - Characterization of allergens and patient sera by a nitrocellulose immunoprint technique. AB - A rapid and convenient protein-gel blot technique for qualitative detection of antigens/allergens in pollen allergen extracts and IgE/IgG antibodies in patient sera has been developed. The antigens were separated by isoelectric focusing in agarose gel and transferred to nitrocellulose by capillary migration. After incubation of the nitrocellulose strips with serum from allergic patients, the binding of the patient's specific IgE or IgG antibodies was analyzed by using isotope-labelled or enzyme-labelled anti-IgE or anti-IgG. The time needed for detection with isotope-labelled antibody was approximately 20 h and with enzyme labelled antibody 2 h. The immunoprint technique is easy to use, which renders it suitable for routine use in allergy research and quality control. PMID- 3899948 TI - Salmonella endocarditis: successful treatment with parenteral ampicillin and oral amoxicillin. AB - We describe a case of Salmonella typhimurium endocarditis involving the mitral valve secondary to infection with Salmonella typhimurium. The presence of the infective agent was confirmed by blood cultures and the endocarditic lesions by cross-sectional echocardiography. Successful therapy was achieved with parenteral ampicillin and amoxicillin. PMID- 3899947 TI - Effects of pneumococcal vaccination on tonsillo-pharyngitis and upper respiratory tract flora. AB - The effect of a 14-valent pneumococcal vaccine on upper respiratory tract infections and carriage of beta-haemolytic streptococci was studied in a double blind prospective study of 405 children 0.5-5 years of age. In the children under 2 years of age at vaccination, the cases of acute tonsillitis were more frequent among the vaccinees than among the controls (p less than 0.01). In contrast, among the children over 2 years of age at vaccination, fewer episodes of acute tonsillitis were reported among the vaccinees than among the controls (p less than 0.01). In the older age group, the total rate of upper respiratory tract infections was also significantly reduced. Similarly, an increase in asymptomatic carriage of group A streptococci was registered in children vaccinated at 2-5 years of age (p less than 0.01). Inversely, the carriership of group C streptococci diminished among the vaccinated children (p less than 0.05). Some possible mechanisms underlying these unexpected findings, including non-specific mitogenic features and cross-protection due to antigenic similarities, were explored. PMID- 3899949 TI - Resistance to captopril in hypertension of coarctation of the aorta. AB - Two patients with hypertension due to coarctation of the aorta were treated for 12 weeks with captopril at increasing doses. After an immediate response, resistance developed to captopril, which was associated with restoration of initially elevated renin and plasma aldosterone levels. Lack of hypertension control may be related to long-term reappearance of mechanisms which lead to excessive renin stimulation. PMID- 3899950 TI - Letter from above (Sir Thomas Lewis). PMID- 3899951 TI - Oral verapamil fails to prevent supraventricular tachycardia following coronary artery surgery. AB - A prospective randomised trial was performed on 100 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting without concomitant procedure. The study group commenced oral verapamil 40 mg three times daily on the first post-operative day while the control group received no antiarrhythmic agents. The pre-operative characteristics of both groups were similar with the exception of the incidence of hyperlipidemia which was greater in the verapamil group (P = 0.04). Myocardial protection was achieved with cold crystalloid cardioplegia. Cardiopulmonary bypass times, aortic cross clamp times and graft numbers were similar for both groups. Nine patients were excluded on the first post-operative day; the remainder were studied for 8 days. Supraventricular tachyarrhythmias (atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter or paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia) were detected in 8 patients in the study group (n = 44) and in 5 patients in the control group (n = 47). The difference was not significant (P = 0.3). The ventricular rate in patients taking verapamil who developed supraventricular tachycardia was 138 +/- 14.9 compared with 156.8 +/- 17.9 in the control group, but the difference failed to reach significant levels (P = 0.065). In conclusion, prophylactic oral verapamil 40 mg given three times daily after coronary artery surgery failed to decrease the incidence of post-operative supraventricular tachycardia or to significantly influence the ventricular rate if tachycardia developed. PMID- 3899952 TI - Long-term antiplatelet activity and safety of indobufen in patients with cardiovascular disease. Italian Multicenter Study Group. AB - An open collaborative study was performed to assess the long-term platelet inhibiting activity, tolerability and safety of indobufen, a new inhibitor of platelet aggregation. The drug was given orally to 151 patients with cardiovascular disease for a period ranging from 6 to 24 months (mean 12.5 months). Extensive clinical examination, laboratory investigations and platelet function studies were carried out before the treatment and at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 15, 18, 21 and 24 months. Indobufen, 200 mg b.i.d., exerted a prompt inhibitory effect on platelet adhesiveness and aggregation, normalized circulating platelet aggregates and slightly prolonged bleeding time. Five patients were withdrawn from the study due to the occurrence of drug-related, untoward clinical events. For the remaining patients there were no appreciable changes in standard laboratory tests. Gastrointestinal symptoms, generally minor and transient, were the most common complaints recorded during treatment. Compliance with therapy was excellent, as judged by residual tablet counts and platelet function studies. The data obtained in this study indicate that indobufen, 200 mg b.i.d., is associated with a marked inhibition of platelet function and the treatment is well tolerated and safe. Indobufen therefore may prove to be a useful drug in the management of patients with cardiovascular disease. PMID- 3899953 TI - The use of monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry to detect peripheral blood and bone marrow involvement of a diffuse, poorly differentiated lymphoma. AB - Using monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry, we were able to characterize the phenotype of a diffuse, poorly differentiated lymphoma and to isolate subpopulations of cells from the blood and bone marrow that expressed the malignant phenotype even though the patient exhibited no absolute lymphocytosis. Because the circulating clone reacted with the anti-T cell monoclonal antibody T101, we initiated serotherapy with T101 as part of a phase I study. A 10 mg infusion of T101 resulted in the rapid clearance of normal T cells from circulation, but the clone showed evidence of modulation and was not cleared. Twenty-four hours following infusion, all cell populations had returned to pre treatment levels. Our study suggests that, by using monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry, blood and bone marrow involvement of a lymphoma can be demonstrated in patients without absolute lymphocytosis, a finding which may influence the staging and treatment of the disease. PMID- 3899954 TI - The effects of some benzoic acid derivatives on polymorphonuclear leukocyte accumulation in vivo. AB - Previous studies, aimed at establishing a relationship between the inhibition of prostaglandin (PG) biosynthesis and the suppression of carrageenin-induced rat paw edema, indicated that, in a series of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA)-like compounds, there is not a good correlation between ability to inhibit platelet PG biosynthesis and anti-inflammatory activity. Some of the compounds tested had good anti-edema properties compared to ASA, but did not inhibit platelet lysate conversion of 14C-arachidonic acid (AA) to PGs. The effects of these compounds on polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocyte accumulation in urethane-anesthetized rats were examined to extend the pharmacological profile of these agents in a search for other mechanisms of anti-inflammatory activity. 3-Methylphthalide (3-MP), an inhibitor of rat paw edema, suppressed PMN leukocyte accumulation although it is a poor inhibitor of PG cyclo-oxygenase activity. 3-Propionyloxybenzoic acid (3 PBA), an agent which increases primary platelet aggregation and arterial PGI2 production, caused increases in edema formation but decreases in PMN leukocyte accumulation. 2-Propionyloxybenzoic acid (2-PBA), which is similar to ASA in many effects, resulted in a trend towards decreased PMN leukocyte accumulation, while ASA did not. 2-Acetylbenzoic acid (ABA), an agent with anti-edema properties similar to ASA in the rat paw model but without any effect on PG biosynthesis, also caused a trend towards inhibition of PMN leukocyte accumulation. In addition to drug effects on prostaglandin biosythesis, this study indicates that drug effects on PMN leukocyte accumulation is an important determinant of anti inflammatory potential. PMID- 3899955 TI - Disorders of transepidermal elimination. Part 2. PMID- 3899956 TI - The immunology of onchocerciasis. PMID- 3899957 TI - Is the Ig bound to cytoid bodies antibody? PMID- 3899958 TI - Albert Neisser, 1855-1916. PMID- 3899959 TI - 'Repression' or sea-change. Fenichel's Rundbriefe and the 'political analysts' of the 1930's. PMID- 3899960 TI - The influence of thiols on the pre-irradiation incubation effect of nitroimidazoles in E. coli cells. AB - The increase in the degree of radiosensitization of Escherichia coli cells following prolonged pre-irradiation incubation with nitroimidazoles is not correlated with the loss of intracellular non-protein thiols (NPSH) alone. The rates of reduction of the nitro compounds and the NPSH removal do not show strong dependencies on the lipophilicities of the nitroimidazoles whereas the highly lipophilic compound RGW-609 effects an increase in radiosensitization in a much shorter incubation time than the other nitroimidazoles. Exogenous dithiothreitol (DTT) increased the rate of reduction of misonidazole in the cells but did not alter the fraction converted to the amine. Added DTT (0.15 mmol dm-3) completely protected against the pre-irradiation incubation effect of misonidazole (2.5 mmol dm-3) when added at the start of the incubation but only partially protected when added before irradiation. It is suggested that NPSH can intercept metabolite(s) (or their precursors) of nitroimidazoles which can potentiate cell killing by radiation. PMID- 3899961 TI - Changes in the survival curve shape of E. coli cells following irradiation in the presence of uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation. AB - Four uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation (UOP) (carbonyl cyanide m chlorophenylhydrazone, 2,4-dinitrophenol, 4-hydroxybenzylidenemalonitrile and N phenylanthranilic acid) have been found to alter the shape of the radiation survival curves of several cell lines of E. coli when present during irradiation in oxia. Incubation of cells with high concentrations of UOP for 30 min before irradiation induced an increase in extrapolation number (n) in cell lines AB 1157 (wild-type), AB 1886(uvrA-) and KMBL(polA-) but not GR 501(lig-)ts, AB 2463(recA ) and AB 2480(uvrA-recA-). In addition the UOP all effect a decrease in mean lethal dose (D0) even when tested at low concentrations or short contact times. Studies with wild-type cells correlate the increase in n with measured increased levels of ATP (above oxic control cells) produced upon incubation with UOP. The increased levels of ATP most likely arise from the UOP overstimulating glycolysis. The decrease in D0 cannot be associated with any of the repair pathways investigated and it is concluded that the highly lipophilic UOP directly or indirectly potentiate other target(s) to radiation damage as well as DNA under oxic conditions. Treatment of the cells with UOP did not result in the deleterious depletion of energy substrates, loss of non-protein thiols or the production of cytotoxins upon irradiation. PMID- 3899962 TI - Rapid response of intrasplenic lesions to steroids in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. AB - A 70 year old woman had a [99mTc]sulfur colloid liver/spleen scan that showed splenomegaly and multiple intrasplenic defects. The lesions failed to concentrate radiogallium. Thirteen days later, after being on steroid therapy, the spleen had decreased in size and the lesions were only barely apparent. The intrasplenic process, due to non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, was thus markedly sensitive to steroids. It is uncertain if such rapid regression can be employed as a prognostic indicator in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and suggests the need for further monitoring. The differential diagnosis of the rapid response of intrasplenic lesions to steroids is a limited one, and likely includes sarcoidosis. PMID- 3899963 TI - The effect of glucose-insulin-potassium on thallium-201 myocardial redistribution. AB - Intravenous infusion of glucose-insulin-potassium (GIK) has been shown to alter the net rate of clearance of 201Tl from transiently ischemic and normally perfused canine myocardium. This study was performed to determine if GIK would also decrease the extent of thallium redistribution after transient myocardial ischemia. Six anesthetized, open-chest dogs underwent two studies, one with GIK and another with saline infusion. The left anterior descending coronary artery was occluded, 201Tl injected, and the occlusion released 5-min later. An i.v. infusion of either GIK (4 dogs) or saline (2 dogs) was then begun and continued for the 120-min duration of serial myocardial imaging using a standard scintillation camera. The experiment was then repeated with an infusion of saline (4 dogs) or GIK (2 dogs). The dose of 201Tl for the second study was at least 5 times more than was used for the first study. The serial 2-min images were then displayed on computer and regions of interest were drawn over the areas of transient ischemia (TI) and normal perfusion (NP). The ratio of average counts per picture element for the area of TI compared to NP was calculated. One hundred and twenty minutes after 201Tl administration, the change in the TI/NP ratio (% fill-in) was significantly less for the GIK infusion compared to saline infusion (control) 15.4 +/- 4.0% vs 26.2 +/- 6.0% (mean +/- SE) (P less than 0.01), respectively. Therefore, GIK infusion appeared to decrease the extent of thallium redistribution compared to saline control. PMID- 3899965 TI - Criteria for restorative contours in the altered periodontal environment. PMID- 3899964 TI - Effects of preoperative teaching on postoperative pain: a replication and expansion. AB - This study was designed to test the effectiveness of brief relaxation training on postoperative pain, replicating and extending a study of Flaherty and Fitzpatrick (1978). A two-group pre- and post-test experimental design was used to determine if vital signs, analgesic consumption, anxiety, self-reported incisional pain sensation and distress differ in postsurgical patients who have or have not received relaxation training. Seventy-two adult, elective abdominal surgery patients were randomly assigned to treatment groups. Subjects in both groups were visited on the eve of surgery. Experimental subjects were taught a relaxation technique. Equal time was spent with control subjects. Following surgery all subjects were observed during ambulation. Vital signs were measured pre- and postoperatively, as were self-report of pain sensation and distress. Results showed that distress caused by painful sensations was significantly lower for experimental subjects (F (1, 53) = 4.69, p = 0.03). Vital signs, analgesic consumption and self-reported pain sensation were not altered by relaxation training. These findings only partially agree with those of Flaherty and Fitzpatrick. Additional analyses by type of surgery (cholecystectomy and hysterectomy) showed hysterectomy subjects reported less pain sensation and distress and used less analgesics than cholecystectomy subjects. PMID- 3899966 TI - Histologic evaluation of soft tissue attachment to acid-enzyme treated root surfaces. PMID- 3899967 TI - Current trends in the research on antiinflammatory agents. AB - Current trends of pharmacological research on inflammation are outlined, with particular reference to some agents differing from the aspirin-like and the corticosteroids in their mode and mechanism of action. As an example, animal models used for the study of benzydamine, and its predominant features, are illustrated. A discussion is also made on the role of protein denaturation in inflammatory conditions where cell degeneration prevails over the active response, and the rationale used for developing bendazac is presented. PMID- 3899968 TI - The chemistry of benzydamine. AB - After a brief introduction on the chemistry of indazoles in general, the most important clinically used drugs of this series, i.e. benzydamine, bendazac and its salts and esters, are mentioned. The possible synthetic processes for benzydamine are then reviewed and any possible occurring by-products and impurities, including their quantitative limits, are discussed. PMID- 3899969 TI - Review of pharmacological data on benzydamine. AB - Pharmacological results are reviewed supporting the use of benzydamine in so called "primary inflammations" rather than in rheumatic diseases. In experimental studies, benzydamine shares with aspirin-like drugs their activity in acute inflammatory responses but not in Freund's adjuvant arthritis. The efficacy of benzydamine is mainly manifested against phenomena such as pain and oedema which depend on local mechanisms in the inflammatory focus. Other manifestations such as hyperthermia which are indicative of systemic functional involvement, are poorly affected by the drug. Benzydamine also lacks some of the typical side effects of aspirin-like drugs which are thought to reflect their generalized activity. Finally topical application increases the analgesic and antiinflammatory activities of benzydamine much more than those of other antiinflammatory drugs. The data reported demonstrate that benzydamine specifically acts on the local mechanisms of inflammation. In order to explain this feature the chemical, pharmacokinetic and biochemical properties of benzydamine are discussed. PMID- 3899970 TI - A clinical study of benzydamine for the treatment of radiotherapy-induced mucositis of the oropharynx. AB - A double-blind, randomized clinical study was undertaken to determine the analgesic and antiinflammatory effectiveness of benzydamine in patients with radiation-induced mucositis of the oropharynx. Of the 67 patients in the study, 37 patients were on benzydamine and 30 patients on a placebo. The results of the study showed that benzydamine possessed a significant analgesic activity as evidenced by relief of mouth and throat pain induced by radiation therapy. It is also noted that the patients on benzydamine exhibited a cumulative relief of oral pharyngeal pain and discomfort over the time of treatment, as compared to those on the placebo. These effects of benzydamine in the present study might be a result of the antiinflammatory property of the drug. The cumulative and prolonged effectiveness of benzydamine makes it of distinct value compared with the commonly available local anaesthetics such as lidocaine. Benzydamine appears to provide a useful addition to the therapeutic armamentarium for alleviating the symptoms of oral pharyngeal mucositis. PMID- 3899971 TI - Treatment of vaginitis with benzydamine: preliminary results of a randomized study. AB - The therapeutic efficacy of benzydamine vaginal douche is compared with that of placebo in a randomized clinical study presently underway. A total number of 200 patients, grouped according to different types of vaginitis, will be included in the study. Preliminary results on 102 patients confirm the positive therapeutic effect of benzydamine. PMID- 3899972 TI - Benzydamine: a critical review of clinical data. AB - Over 40 published and unpublished articles on double-blind controlled clinical trials with the local application of benzydamine as an antiinflammatory drug were reviewed with special reference to the randomization of patients, the description of the disease entity, the clinical trial and its statistical analysis. It was concluded that benzydamine applied locally consistently produced relief of pain with a demonstratable antiinflammatory effect and caused infrequent side-effects. Hence it was considered a safe and effective method of producing pain relief by local application. PMID- 3899973 TI - Effects of benzydamine on radio-polychemotherapeutic mucositis of the oral cavity. AB - A double-blind versus placebo study with benzydamine mouthwash, to demonstrate the histoprotective and antiinflammatory effects on the oral mucosa during intra arterial chemotherapy of the head and neck, confirmed on a preliminary basis that benzydamine had a beneficial effect. PMID- 3899974 TI - Benzydamine for the topical treatment of vulvovaginitis in children and adolescents. AB - A study was undertaken in children and adolescents aged 4-18 years on the value of benzydamine vaginal douche in addition to chemotherapy for moderate to severe vulvovaginitis, including those also suffering from insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). It is considered that topical benzydamine gave beneficial results compared with the controls receiving chemotherapy alone and had in the IDDM patients a useful prophylactic effect. PMID- 3899975 TI - Microsurgery with the neodymium:YAG laser: an overview. PMID- 3899977 TI - Heart transplantation. AB - Cardiac transplantation is now accepted as the therapy of choice for irreversible, advanced heart failure. Improving results have been observed since 1980. This is the consequence of better defined criteria for selection of recipients, refined use of antilymphocyte serum, improved myocardial preservation methods, and the introduction of cyclosporine. Cyclosporine, a metabolite of a soil fungus, is one of the most potent and specific immunosuppressants yet discovered. Its main drawbacks are nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity. The immunosuppressive protocol usually includes cyclosporine and low dose steroid. Overall one-year survival has reached 80% to 85%, with a two-year survival of 65% to 75%. The incidence of rejection remains stable despite the use of cyclosporine, but rejection-related morbidity and mortality have been decreasing since 1980. Endomyocardial biopsy of the right ventricle provides good morphologic criteria for assessing the degree of rejection. The absence of myocardial edema during rejection in cyclosporine treated patients appears to be responsible for the limited hemodynamic deterioration and electrographic changes. Morbidity and mortality due to infection have been reduced with cyclosporine, as well. Lymphoma is still common after heart transplantation and may be related to high cyclosporine doses used in the beginning of the clinical trials. Accelerated coronary atherosclerosis of the graft is now the major factor limiting long-term survival and is probably related to chronic rejection. Human heart-lung transplantation began in 1981 at Stanford after excellent clinical results with cardiac transplantation. The success of early attempts was attributed to the use of cyclosporine and the use of combined heart-lung replacement.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3899976 TI - Prolactinomas. Clinical presentation, radiologic assessment, and therapeutic options. AB - Of the pituitary tumors, the prolactinoma is the most common, characteristically causing amenorrhea/galactorrhea in women and symptoms secondary to mass effect in men. Direct coronal CT scanning with rapid infusion contrast enhancement is now considered the most sensitive and specific method for evaluating the pituitary. Normally the gland is either homogeneous or heterogeneous in a repetitive fashion, and measures up to 9-10 mm in height. Adenomas typically are hypodense lesions in the anterior lobe associated with mass effect--superior surface convexity, gland enlargement, bony erosion, infundibulum displacement, or vascular "tuft" shift. High field superconductive MRI is thought to be superior to CT for evaluation of macroadenomas and may soon surpass CT in the evaluation of microadenomas. Treatment remains controversial. Perhaps surgery is the best alternative for women 15 to 30 years of age with microadenomas producing prolactin less than 100 ng/ml. Patients who are either beyond the child-bearing years, present with tumors greater than 10 mm in diameter, or have microadenomas producing prolactin greater than 100 ng/ml may be better served by medical therapy using bromocriptine or pergolide mesylate. PMID- 3899978 TI - Vessel diameter measurement using digital subtraction radiography. AB - A method for obtaining absolute diameter and cross-sectional area measurements on subtraction digital images is described and tested in phantom vessels from 1.5 to 5.5 mm in diameter filled with iodine contrast at concentrations from 23 to 185 mg I/ml. A highly linear correlation of true vs. calculated diameter is demonstrated, with accuracy and reproducibility of the method varying from +/- 1% to 2% at the highest iodine concentration to +/- 30% in the smallest tube at the lowest concentration. A method is described for correction of the observed video density values to allow for nonlinearity of response of the imaging system to iodine density, and its effect on the measured diameters is demonstrated. PMID- 3899979 TI - Sonographic evaluation of the normal response of subclavian veins to respiratory maneuvers. AB - Sonography of the subclavian veins is a new noninvasive, simple technique to evaluate the subclavian veins. The physiologic changes of the subclavian veins consistently respond in a predictable manner to simple respiratory maneuvers. The subclavian veins of 11 normal patients (22 veins) whose ages ranged from 18 to 60 years were studied. The most significant change in subclavian vein anteroposterior diameter during respiratory maneuvers (Valsalva/expiration/inspiration) occurred with inspiration (P less than .005), particularly during a sniff, with a mean decrease in diameter of 61%. This baseline evaluation establishes normal sonographic criteria of the subclavian veins. We suggest that real-time ultrasound using a high resolution transducer offers a rapid, reproducible, objective method of evaluating the subclavian vein directly. PMID- 3899980 TI - Ultrasonic echoes registered from erythrocytes. AB - Erythrocytes at various concentrations were examined with a sensitive A-mode ultrasonic scanner; simultaneous measurements were made under light microscopic control. Individual erythrocytes caused weak (about 1 dB) echoes while erythrocyte aggregates (ten to 100 cells) produced stronger echoes (up to 15 dB), grossly proportional to the size of the aggregates. The latter type echoes were characteristic of higher erythrocyte concentrations (hematocrit 0.1 - 0.8). It is concluded that these echoes originate from red cell aggregates within the stagnant blood. PMID- 3899981 TI - CT body stereotaxic instrument for percutaneous biopsy and other interventive procedures: phantom studies. AB - This article describes a new body stereotaxic system that defines a fiducial point by means of a skin localization device placed directly on the patient. The system uses a rectilinear stereotaxic frame to guide the needles along the calculated path. A method for calculating paths that require angulations from one scan slice to another is described, as well. The system was tested in a foam phantom and shown to be intrinsically accurate in vitro to within 2 mm in both the x and y axis. PMID- 3899982 TI - 'What did I die of?'--The last illness of Charles Stewart Parnell. PMID- 3899983 TI - Current clinical applications of intracardiac electrophysiology studies. PMID- 3899984 TI - Biographical sketches--55. Galton. PMID- 3899985 TI - The Child Abuse Amendments of 1984 and their implementing regulations: a summary. PMID- 3899986 TI - Gastric malignant lymphoma: immunohistochemical findings correlated with histopathology and clinical data. AB - Nine cases of primary gastric lymphoma are reviewed. Clinical data are correlated with histopathology and immunohistochemical findings. The reported observations suggest a relationship between associated lesions (chronic gastritis, follicular gastritis) and primary gastric lymphoma. PMID- 3899987 TI - Clinical staging of rectal cancer. Results of a prospective continuing study. AB - 78 patients with rectal adenocarcinoma were studied with a diagnostic protocol in order to obtain a TNM clinical stage in the preoperative period. Each patient underwent digital rectal examination, proctoscopy, double contrast barium enema, pelvic CT scan, liver ultrasound and chest x-ray. The degree of infiltration of the rectal wall by the tumor and the presence or absence of node and liver metastases were evaluated. After resection all specimens were studied by a pathologist who defined the pathologic stage. Data obtained by each diagnostic procedure were compared with the pathologic data. For each method, accuracy, specificity and sensitivity were evaluated. Each method showed an equivalent accuracy (100%) to detect infiltration of the muscularis of the rectum. Data were less accurate in identifying extraparietal tumor invasion. Accuracy was 79% for rectal examination, 74% for double contrast barium enema and 72% for pelvic CT scan. In the evaluation of lymph-node involvement, accuracy was 77%, specificity 74% and sensitivity 80%. Liver metastases were detected with 94% accuracy, 97% specificity and 50% sensitivity. PMID- 3899988 TI - Digital subtraction angiography for preoperative diagnosis of carotid body tumor. Case report. AB - A case of carotid body tumor preoperatively diagnosed by digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is reported. For the first time to our knowledge, it demonstrates the effectiveness of DSA in the preoperative diagnosis of carotid body tumor. The advantages of this procedure vs. direct angiography are mainly its lower invasiveness and the absence of side- effects secondary to direct intra arterial administration of contrast dye under general anesthesia. PMID- 3899989 TI - Severe pulmonary nocardiosis in a kidney allograft recipient with a low immunological response. AB - A patient with severe pulmonary nocardiosis occurring in the early posttransplant period is presented. Three outstanding features characterized this case: 1) the failure to diagnose this rare opportunitistic pathogen by conventional detection methods necessitated open lung biopsy; 2) the initiation of trimethoprim sulphamethoxazole therapy resulted in a dramatic clinical response; and 3) an allograft recipient with a low immunological response contracted nocardiosis. His immune status became apparent following pretransplant donor-specific blood transfusion tests, unresponsiveness to third-party transfusion and graft tolerance permitting the permanent withdrawal of azathioprine without graft function impairment. PMID- 3899990 TI - Shigella septicemia in elderly patients. PMID- 3899991 TI - Effects of systemic administration of Chlorambucil and topical application of Cyclosporin A on corneal graft survival in rabbits. AB - The effects of topically administered Cyclosporin A (Sandoz, Switzerland) and of systemically administered Chlorambucil (Burroughs Wellcome, UK) (2 mg/kg per day) were studied for 6 weeks in 32 rabbits that underwent penetrating corneal graft in one eye, followed 2 weeks later by a skin graft from the donor animal. Nine rabbits were topically treated with 1% Cyclosporin A solution five times daily for 6 weeks. Of these, three eyes showed no rejection; four eyes Grade 1-2 rejection; one eye Grade 3 rejection; and one eye Grade 4 rejection. Of the seven eyes systemically treated with Chlorambucil, three eyes showed no rejection; three eyes Grade 1-2 rejection; and one eye Grade 3 rejection. No animal showed total rejection (Grade 4). The results indicate that both compounds have a beneficial effect on corneal grafts challenged by a second-set rejection. PMID- 3899992 TI - Diagnostic use of the immunoperoxidase technique for cutaneous plasma cell lesions. AB - Distinguishing cutaneous neoplastic plasma cell infiltrations from inflammatory reactions containing predominantly plasma cells can present diagnostic problems when conventional histological techniques are used. Eight cases of cutaneous lesions, composed almost exclusively of plasma cells, are presented. We discuss the use of the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique to distinguish malignant plasma cells that produce only one type of immunoglobulin from benign lesions that are polyclonal and produce several immunoglobulins. PMID- 3899993 TI - Sonography of periventricular leukomalacia. AB - Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) is a pathological entity characterized by ischemic changes in areas adjacent to the external angles of the lateral ventricles. It is associated with serious neurodevelopmental sequelae, especially spastic diplegia. With the increased use of ultrasound in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, changes consistent with PVL are being noted. Hemorrhagic and nonhemorrhagic forms of this condition exist, both of which may appear sonographically as increased periventricular echogenicity. Two cases of PVL are described; one of them was associated with ventricular dilatation and intraventricular bleeding and the other with a small subependymal hemorrhage. The pathological and clinical features, methods of in vivo diagnosis, and the role of ultrasound in the evaluation of PVL are discussed. PMID- 3899994 TI - Health care marketing. PMID- 3899995 TI - [Diagnostic progress in malignant melanomas by high-resolution real-time sonography]. AB - High-resolution real-time sonography enables visualization of the morphology of the cutis and subcutaneous layers. Evaluation of 19 malignant melanomas showed that tumors of a thickness of more than 0.6 mm can be seen sonographically. Malignant melanomas are revealed as nodules with very sparse internal echoes and sharp delineation, situated in the upper cutis. Infiltration of the subcutis can be shown reliably. The sonographically measured values of maximal tumor thickness show a good correlation with those determined postoperatively by histometry (r = 0.95). Regional metastases of melanomas and recurrencies are also revealed as sharply limited lesions with very few internal echoes. They can readily be separated from benign regressive nodules. Out of 237 examinations, the 181 evaluated ones showed a sonography sensitivity of 95% and a specificity of 99%. Therefore, an earlier diagnosis of regional metastases and recurrencies, as well as more precise indication for second operations during melanoma tumor follow-up can be made, and, in future, the decision for primary regional lymphonodectomy may be influenced. High-resolution sonography is thus a diagnostic imaging method which helps to evaluate preoperatively both malignant melanomas and their regional lymphatic areas. PMID- 3899996 TI - [Skin as a universal organ as reflected throughout history]. AB - In ancient medicine the skin was regarded as an organ in and of itself, as "soma organikon," and even as the largest organ of all. Keeping in mind the historical background, we examine: 1. skin as reflected by speech and proverbs; 2. skin as a world of its own, concerned with feeling, grasping, comprehension; 3. skin, according to tradition, as an organ reflecting almost every pathological and regenerative process. The paper is presented in the form of an essay and a historical survey is given; there is no intent to provide information on systematic or specific problems of dermatology. PMID- 3899997 TI - [Swimming pool dermatoses]. AB - Diseases of the skin related to the use of swimming pools do not appear very often in medical reports. In this review of such diseases we designate changes in the skin and hair as being infectious, toxic or allergic in origin. Particular attention is given to allergenic additives in the water. There is no indication that public swimming pools in the Federal Republic of Germany present any danger to the skin. PMID- 3899998 TI - [Tetanus antitoxin levels and reactions following tetanus vaccination]. AB - The tetanus antibody levels and skin tests of 33 soldiers with adverse reactions to tetanus toxoid immunization are reported. All had antibody levels above the minimum protective level, and one was found to have delayed hypersensitivity to Na-timerfonate. PMID- 3899999 TI - [1st description of an "atopic family anamnesis" in the Julio-Claudian imperial house: Augustus, Claudius, Britannicus]. AB - On the basis of various literature sources--mainly Suetonius, Plinius the Younger -typical symptoms of atopic diseases are described in some members of the Julio Claudian family. Emperor Augustus could have suffered from bronchial asthma, seasonal rhinitis and atopic eczema, while Emperor Claudius showed signs of perennial rhinoconjunctivitis and Britannicus of horse dander allergy. Based on present-day standards, this can be regarded as a typical positive family history of atopy. PMID- 3900000 TI - Allozyme variation of Macoma baltica (L.) in the Bothnian Sea. PMID- 3900001 TI - Localization of a new serine protease, ingobsin, in goblet cells in rat, pig and man. AB - A serine protease, ingobsin, that cleaves Lys-x and Arg-x, has been purified from rat duodenal tissue. By immunohistochemical methods, the enzyme was localized in goblet cells in the small intestine of rat, pig, and man. The immunoreactive cells were most numerous in the proximal part of the intestine. In the electron microscope, the immunoreaction was localized mainly to the rough endoplasmic reticulum of the goblet cells and to the secretion being extruded from the cells. PMID- 3900002 TI - The dietary management of inborn errors of metabolism. AB - Many inborn errors have now been described that can be treated by alterations in diet. Such treatment requires an understanding of both the biochemistry of the defect and of normal nutritional requirements. The principal strategies are cofactor therapy, steps to prevent accumulation of toxic metabolites and the replacement of essential nutrients that are deficient as a result of the metabolic block. It is essential to make sure that any diet used for more than a brief period is complete and capable of sustaining normal growth and development. The treatment of disorders of carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism including organic acidaemias and disorders of the urea cycle and of fat oxidation are discussed. PMID- 3900003 TI - Food allergy in childhood. AB - Food allergy in childhood is a popular subject which has attracted disapprobation from certain quarters because of overinflated claims based on flimsy evidence. In this article food intolerance and allergy are defined and the pathogenesis of food allergic reactions is considered. There is a description of the role that food allergy may play in urticaria, angioedema, anaphylaxis, eczema, asthma, rhinitis, cow's milk sensitive enteropathy, infantile colitis, inflammatory bowel disease, migraine and hyperactivity. Factitious food allergy is discussed and the general unhelpfulness of 'allergy testing' commented upon. Finally there is a description of the use of various exclusion diets in the diagnosis and treatment of food allergic disorders. It is concluded that food allergy is important in an increasing number of childhood diseases, but it is not clear what proportion of children with a given condition will respond to dietary measures. The importance of ensuring that exclusion diets are nutritionally adequate is stressed, and there is a plea to remember that an exclusion diet might be worse than the disease itself. PMID- 3900004 TI - A dietary management of severe childhood migraine. AB - We describe in detail a dietary treatment which has been shown to be effective in most children with severe migraine. Potential adverse nutritional and allergic effects are outlined; because of the diet should be undertaken only in those ill enough to justify it. In the first stage very few foods are given, and if the child responds to this oligoantigenic diet, foods are reintroduced one by one at weekly intervals. In this way foods causing symptoms are identified and eliminated. Research is urgently needed to establish simpler empirical diets and diagnostic tests. PMID- 3900005 TI - Obesity in children. AB - Obesity is a relatively common problem in childhood and is often very difficult to manage. The authors reviews some of what is known of the aetiology, prevalence and natural history of the condition and discuss the approach to treatment. PMID- 3900006 TI - An annotated bibliography of source material for basal metabolic rate data. PMID- 3900007 TI - Evidence for local corticotropin releasing factor (CRF)-immunoreactive neuronal circuits in the paraventricular nucleus of the rat hypothalamus. An electron microscopic immunohistochemical analysis. AB - The interrelationships of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) immunoreactive neuronal cell bodies and processes have been examined in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of adrenalectomized-dexamethasone treated rats. Antisera generated against ovine CRF (oCRF) were used in the peroxidase-anti-peroxidase-complex (PAP)-immunocytochemical method at both the light and electron microscopic levels. In this experimental model, a great number of CRF-immunoreactive neurons were detected in the parvocellular subdivisions of the PVN and a few scattered labelled parvocellular neurons were also observed within the magnocellular subunits. Characteristic features of immunolabeled perikarya included hypertrophied rough endoplasmic reticulum with dilated endoplasmic cisternae, well developed Golgi complexes and increased numbers of neurosecretory granules. These features are interpreted to indicate accelerated hormone synthesis as a result of adrenalectomy. Afferent fibers communicated with dendrites and somata of CRF-immunoreactive neurons via both symmetrical and asymmetrical synapses. Some neurons exhibited somatic appendages and these structures were also observed to receive synaptic terminals. Within both the PVN and its adjacent neuropil, CRF immunoreactive axons demonstrated varicosites which contained accumulations of densecore vesicles. CRF-containing axons were observed to branch into axon collaterals. These axons or axon collaterals established axo-somatic synapses on CRF-producing neurons in the parvocellular regions of the PVN, while in the magnocellular area of the nucleus they were found in juxtaposition with unlabeled magnocellular neuronal cell bodies or in synaptic contact with their dendrites. The presence of CRF-immunoreactive material in presynaptic structures suggests that the neurohormone may participate in mechanisms of synaptic transfer. These ultrastructural data indicate that the function of the paraventricular CRF synthesizing neurons is adrenal steroid hormone dependent. They also provide morphological evidence for the existence of a neuronal ultrashort feed-back mechanism within the PVN for the regulation of CRF production and possibly that of other peptide hormones contained within this complex. PMID- 3900008 TI - Binding of different antigen-enzyme and antibody-enzyme conjugates by intracellular antibodies in cytoplasm and Golgi complex of plasma cells. A double immunocytochemical study. AB - Intracellular immunoglobulins in plasma cells were characterized by antigen enzyme conjugates and anti-immunoglobulin antibody-enzyme conjugates applied in a double immunocytochemical approach. After their assemblage, immunoglobulins in the cytoplasm of anti-TNP anti-body producing plasma cells can be demonstrated both by TNP-enzyme conjugates and by anti-immunoglobulin (mu or gamma chain specific) antibody-enzyme conjugates. Once arrived in the Golgi complex (GC) detection with TNP-enzyme conjugates remains possible, but anti-immunoglobulin anti-body-enzyme conjugates did not bind to a detectable degree. Similar results were obtained in experiments where immunoglobulin-enzyme conjugates were used both as an antigen-enzyme conjugate and as an antibody-enzyme conjugate. PMID- 3900009 TI - Immunocytochemical demonstration of serine: pyruvate amino-transferase in peroxisomes and mitochondria of rat kidney. AB - The light- and electron-microscopic localization of serine: pyruvate aminotransferase (SPT) in rat kidney was studied using immunoenzyme and protein A gold techniques. Rat kidneys were fixed by perfusion through the abdominal aorta and small tissue slices were embedded in Epon, Lowicryl K4M, or LR Gold. The Epon was removed from the semithin sections, which were then stained using the immunoenzyme technique. Ultrathin sections of Lowicryl K4M- or LR gold-embedded materials were labeled using the protein A-gold technique. At light microscopy, discrete granular reaction deposits were exclusively present in the proximal tubule, all of whose segments were positive for SPT. A weakly positive reaction was observed in the distal tubules. At electron microscopy, gold particles indicating the antigenic sites for SPT were confined to the peroxisomes and mitochondria. The labeling intensity of both organelles was dependent on the embedding resins used. The labeling of Lowicryl K4M-embedded material was weaker than that of LR gold-embedded material; Quantitative analysis confirmed this result. Our results indicate that, in rat kidney, the main intracellular sites for SPT are peroxisomes and mitochondria of the proximal tubule. PMID- 3900010 TI - Cyanogen bromide cleavage of methionine residues as a control method for enkephalin immunocytochemistry. AB - Serial semithin sections of rat neurohypophysis were immunostained with 2 antibodies to enkephalins using the peroxidase antiperoxidase method. One of the antibodies (R133) recognizes both met- and leu-enkephalin whereas the other (R26) reacts with met-enkephalin only. After cyanogen bromide pretreatment of the sections the antibody R133 stained only a subpopulation of nerve endings that were distinct from those stained with the latter antibody. R26-(met-enkephalin like) immunoreactivity was totally abolished by cyanogen bromide pretreatment. This preincubation method which selectively interferes with the staining of met enkephalin terminals may help to discriminate the two enkephalins in immunocytochemical preparations. PMID- 3900011 TI - Coexistence of renin and cathepsin B in epithelioid cell secretory granules. AB - Mature juxtaglomerular epithelioid cell secretory granules of the rat exhibit both renin- and cathepsin B-like immunoreactivity. On the basis of the coexistence with renin at a pH which, according to previous experiments, is probably in the range of that in lysosomes, cathepsin B is suggested to be involved in the activation of renin prior to secretion. PMID- 3900012 TI - Simplified purification and testing of colloidal gold probes. AB - A novel efficient method for purifying and testing colloidal gold probes has been developed. The method consists of concentrating colloidal gold particles conjugated to IgG or protein A in dialysis bags over silica gel and purifying them by gel chromatography on small columns of Sephacryl S-400. Fractions collected are tested by paper immunocytochemical models. Comparisons to gold probes purified by conventional ultracentrifugation documents that ultrastructural staining intensities and total yield of gold probes is the same, but that the chromatographically purified gold probes are less prone to aggregation or clumping. The method has been extensively used for preparing conjugates of 5, 10 or 15 nm gold particles with antirabbit immunoglobulins but has also been exploited for preparing streptavidin-gold conjugates, protein A gold conjugates and antirabbit immunoglobulin-silver conjugates. PMID- 3900013 TI - Evidence for a fucose-binding protein in boar spermatozoa. AB - A fucose binding protein was detected in boar spermatozoa by means of a specifically developed modified enzyme-linked-lectin-assay using glycosylated peroxidase derivatives. The distribution of the fucose binding protein was assessed by means of fluorescence microscopy with fluoresceinyl-glycosylated peroxidase. Fucose binding was particularly prominent at the apical region of the sperm head. In order to gain more insight into the precise localization of the carbohydrate binding protein electron microscopical studies were performed using fucosyl peroxidase coupled to colloidal gold. In ultrathin sections as well as in specimens prepared in toto for TEM an intensive binding of fucosylperoxidase colloidal gold was predominantly found at the apical part of the acrosome appearing as a crescent-like area. In some cases this binding pattern was replaced by a triangle-like intensive labelling at the equatorial segment as revealed clearly by specimens prepared in toto. By SDS-PAGE of the SDS extractable sperm-proteins, followed by transblotting to nitrocellulose and visualization with the fucosylperoxidase by enzymatic amplification with 4-chloro 1-naphthol mainly one protein with the reduced molecular weight of approximately 53 kdal and some small proteins with apparent molecular weights less than 20 kdal was found to be responsible for the fucose-binding ability of porcine spermatozoa. PMID- 3900014 TI - Distribution of albumin in normal and regenerating livers of mice. A light microscopic immunohistochemical and autoradiographic study. AB - The conditions affecting the immunohistochemical identification of albumin in livers of male NMRI-mice were investigated by light microscopy. In normal livers albumin is randomly distributed, revealing a pancytoplasmic nearly homogen reaction in groups of hepatocytes or single parenchymal cells. However, combined autoradiographic studies after pulse labelling with 3H-valine and perfusion experiments with human albumin indicate that this distribution is caused by albumin from blood plasma and does not reflect true protein synthesis. After perfusion of the livers followed by immunohistochemical amplification techniques which allowed to dilute the primary antibody up to 1:30,000, albumin could be detected nearly in all liver parenchymal cells as granular deposits decreasing in its density from periportal fields towards the terminal hepatic venules. In regenerating livers due to partial hepatectomy no remarkable differences in granular albumin deposits between G1- and S-phase of the cell cycle could be detected as was demonstrated by combined immunohistochemistry and 3H-dThd autoradiography. However, during mitosis the content of albumin was often considerably reduced. PMID- 3900015 TI - [Malignant fibrous histiocytoma as a pulsating neck tumor--diagnosis using intraarterial digital subtraction angiography]. AB - A 70-year-old patient with a malignant fibrous histiocytoma, appearing as a pulsating tumor of the upper lateral neck is reported. Intraarterial digital subtraction angiography (IADSA) demonstrated a highly vascularised tumour with occlusion of the internal carotid artery. PMID- 3900016 TI - A controlled trial of spinal manipulation in the management of hypertension. PMID- 3900017 TI - Osteogenesis imperfecta: report of 2 cases. PMID- 3900018 TI - Pupil size in relation to ultrasonic anterior chamber depth measurements in pseudophakic eyes. AB - The effect of pupil size on ultrasonically determined anterior-chamber depth was studied in vitro with the Storz Alpha 20/20 and with the Kretz ultrasonoscope at high and low system sensitivity. The traces were measured peak to peak and base to base; results were compared to anterior-chamber depth measurements with optical pachymetry. We conclude that when measuring anterior-chamber depth with ultrasound, the pupil must be fully dilated or reduced system sensitivity must be used and the traces measured peak to peak. PMID- 3900019 TI - Intraocular pressure after cataract surgery with Healon. AB - We studied the intraocular pressure (IOP) following extracapsular cataract extraction and posterior chamber lens implantation in 75 cases. Sodium hyaluronate (Healon) was used in all cases. In 40 cases, Healon was left in the eyes; in 35, the eyes were irrigated to remove Healon from the anterior chamber. When Healon was left in the eyes, 35% had an IOP increase of greater than or equal to 20 mm Hg during the initial ten hours, compared to 11% of the group in which Healon was irrigated out. Twenty hours after surgery, the irrigated eyes had an average lower IOP than the nonirrigated eyes, 15.6 mm Hg versus 23.8 mm Hg. PMID- 3900020 TI - Techniques of flexible intraocular lens insertion during keratoplasty. AB - Aphakic and pseudophakic corneal edema have become the primary indication for corneal transplantation. At the time of this surgery, implantation of an intraocular lens (IOL) may be considered. We describe our technique for inserting a flexible anterior chamber IOL during keratoplasty to avoid any damage to intraocular structures. PMID- 3900021 TI - Identification of fusobacteria in a routine diagnostic laboratory. AB - A scheme for differentiating Fusobacterium spp. and Leptotrichia spp. from Bacteroides spp. was devised after examining 114 strains of fusobacteria and asaccharolytic bacteroides (17 reference strains and 97 clinical isolates). Sensitivity to a 300 micrograms/ml plate of phosphomycin and an acid reaction on a lysine plate were found to be reliable for differentiating Fusobacterium spp. and L. buccalis from Bacteroides. Using a short set of simple cultural and biochemical tests, isolates could be identified as F. necrophorum, F. necrogenes, F. nucleatum, F. varium or L. buccalis. These tests were: indole, lecithinase, phosphatase, DNase and gas production, aesculin and casein hydrolysis, greening of casein/methylene blue agar, nitrite reduction, bile tolerance and haemolysis on horse blood agar. PMID- 3900022 TI - Effect of unsaturated fatty acids in growth inhibition of some penicillin resistant and sensitive bacteria. AB - The growth of two penicillin-resistant Gram-positive bacteria, Bacillus licheniformis (749/C, penicillin G-resistant) and Staphylococcus aureus (metR 18, methicillin-resistant) and one Gram-negative strain, Escherichia coli (cloxacillin-resistant) as well as that of their wild counterparts was inhibited by the long-chain unsaturated fatty acids, linoleic, linolenic and arachidonic acid. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of all the fatty acids were found to be 4-6 micrograms/ml for Staph. aureus (metR 18 & wild), 8-30 micrograms/ml for B. licheniformis (749/C & wild) and 70-90 micrograms/ml for E. coli (cloxacillin-resistant & wild). The inhibitory activity increased as the number of double bonds in the fatty acids increased. In most instances the concentrations of fatty acids required to inhibit the growth of the penicillin resistant strains were lower than that required for their sensitive counterparts. This inhibition of growth in the presence of fatty acids may be due to an increase in permeability of the membrane as evidenced by the measurement of the leakage of 260 nm absorbing material and fluidity. PMID- 3900023 TI - Effect of beta-lactamase induction on susceptibility to cephalosporins in Enterobacter cloacae and Serratia marcescens. AB - For Enterobacter cloacae GN5797 and Serratia marcescens 72-2, which produce inducible beta-lactamases and respond antagonistically to many combinations of cephalosporins, the changes in beta-lactamase activity and sensitivity to cephalosporins were examined during semi-continuous cultivation in which the concentration of inducers was decreased by two-fold dilution of the culture every 30 min starting from 1 h after the addition of inducers. The levels of beta lactamase, which peaked at 0.5-2 h after induction, decreased concomitantly with the disappearance of the inducers in the culture, and returned to the uninduced levels by 6 h. The ability of cefoxitin and cefmetazole to induce beta-lactamases was more potent than that of cefazolin and cefotiam. The sensitivity to some cephalosporins, judged by the MIC and bactericidal effect, was slightly decreased at an early stage of induction, and reverted to the uninduced levels within several hours after the inducers were depleted. PMID- 3900024 TI - Adult rat pancreatic islet cells adherent to microcarrier beads: evaluation of function and morphology. AB - Dispersed adult rat pancreatic islet cells were incubated with Cytodex-3 microcarrier beads for 72 h, during which time single cells adhered firmly to bead surfaces. Electron microscopy revealed well-preserved ultrastructure of attached A, B, and D cells. Perifusion of these cultures showed stable basal insulin release, brisk, biphasic insulin responses to 30-min glucose stimulation, and consistent, monophasic spikes of insulin release in response to repeated, brief pulses of glucose. These results indicate that adult rat islet cells attach to microcarriers and remain viable in culture. This preparation offers advantages for studies of hormone secretory dynamics of differentiated single islet cells, free from cell-to-cell interactions. PMID- 3900025 TI - Tumorigenicity associated with loss of differentiation and of response to insulin in the adipogenic cell line 1246. AB - The adipogenic cell line 1246, which grows and differentiates in defined medium, stringently requires insulin for both processes. From this cell line, insulin independent variants were isolated and characterized. Unlike 1246 cells, the variant cell lines proliferate without insulin, have lost their differentiation ability, produce factor(s) able to replace insulin to stimulate 1246 cell growth but not differentiation and are tumorigenic. Because of these properties, this system is appropriate to examine the correlation (if any) between the loss of response to an extra-cellular factor and of ability to differentiate, and between the production of endogenous growth factor and the acquisition of tumorigenic properties. PMID- 3900026 TI - Cypress and food allergy: was it suspected in antiquity? PMID- 3900027 TI - How trophic are the hepatotrophic factors? PMID- 3900028 TI - Diabetic nephropathy--current concepts. PMID- 3900029 TI - A double blind comparison of indoramin with clonidine in the treatment of moderate to severe essential hypertension. PMID- 3900030 TI - [5 new cases of renal oncocytoma]. PMID- 3900031 TI - Small angiomyolipoma's of the kidney. Ultrasound evaluation. PMID- 3900032 TI - [Contribution of echography to the diagnosis of cystic lymphangiomas in children]. PMID- 3900033 TI - Radiologic aspects of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the prostate in a child. PMID- 3900034 TI - Resistance to chloramphenicol in Proteus mirabilis by expression of a chromosomal gene for chloramphenicol acetyltransferase. AB - Proteus mirabilis PM13 is a well-characterized chloramphenicol-sensitive isolate which spontaneously gives rise to resistant colonies on solid media containing chloramphenicol (50 micrograms ml-1) at a plating efficiency of 10(-4) to 10(-5). Such chloramphenicol-resistant colonies exhibit a novel phenotype with respect to chloramphenicol resistance. When a single colony grown on chloramphenicol agar is transferred to liquid medium and grown in the absence of antibiotic for 150 generations, a population of predominantly sensitive cells arises. This mutation reversion phenomenon has been observed in other Proteus species and Providencia strains, wherein resistance has been shown to be mediated in each case by the enzyme chloramphenicol acetyltransferase. The cat gene responsible for the phenomenon is chromosomal and can be cloned from P. mirabilis PM13 with DNA prepared from cells grown in the absence or the presence of chloramphenicol. Recombinant plasmids which confer resistance to chloramphenicol carry an 8.5 kilobase PstI fragment irrespective of the source of host DNA. The location of the cat gene within the PstI fragment was determined by Southern blotting with a cat consensus oligonucleotide corresponding to the expected amino acid sequence of the active site region of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase, and the direction of transcription was deduced from homology with the type I cat variant. PMID- 3900035 TI - Nucleotide sequence analysis of the cat gene of Proteus mirabilis: comparison with the type I (Tn9) cat gene. AB - In Proteus mirabilis PM13 chloramphenicol resistance is mediated by the cat gene, a single copy of which is present in both resistant and sensitive isolates and which reverts at a high frequency. RNA measurements show an about 8.5-fold increase in cat-specific mRNA in cells expressing the resistance phenotype as compared with those which are sensitive to chloramphenicol. DNA sequence analysis has revealed a high degree of homology between the P. mirabilis cat gene and the type I cat variant (Tn9), 76% at the amino acid level and 73% when nucleotides in the coding sequence are compared. Sequence homology between the strain PM13 cat variant and Tn9 cat was not apparent however in the 5' and 3' flanking regions. Segments of near identity were seen when the upstream sequence of the cat of P. mirabilis was compared with the 5' regions of the Salmonella typhimurium flagellin genes H1 and H2, which are alternately expressed by a flip-flop control mechanism involving an invertible promoter and a trans-acting product. PMID- 3900036 TI - Further evidence that two unique subunits are essential for expression of hydrogenase activity in Rhizobium japonicum. AB - Eight strains of Rhizobium lacking hydrogenase uptake (Hup) activity and 17 transconjugant strains carrying the hup cosmids pHU1, pHU52, or pHU53 (G. R. Lambert, M. A. Cantrell, F. J. Hanus, S. A. Russell, K. R. Haddad, and H. J. Evans, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 82:3232-3236, 1985) were screened for Hup activity and the presence of immunologically detectable hydrogenase polypeptides. Crude extracts of these strains were subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blot analysis with affinity purified antibodies against the two subunits of purified hydrogenase (Mr 60,000 and 30,000). Derepressed transconjugants carrying the cosmid pHU52 were Hup+ and contained detectable levels of both hydrogenase subunit polypeptides. Non derepressed strains, Hup- parent strains, and strains carrying cosmids other than pHU52 did not express Hup activity and contained no immunologically detectable protein. These data provide further evidence for the essential involvement of the smaller (Mr 30,000) subunit in the expression of hydrogenase activity in Rhizobium japonicum and suggest that the determinants for hydrogenase subunit synthesis are present on pHU52. PMID- 3900037 TI - Comparison of the regulatory regions of ilvGEDA operons from several enteric organisms. AB - The nucleotide sequence preceding the ilvGEDA operon has been examined and compared in five enteric organisms. The sequence in Escherichia coli B was identical to the earlier-described strain K-12 sequence. The sequences of Salmonella typhimurium and Klebsiella aerogenes were remarkably similar to that of E. coli and identical in that part of the leader region that specified the putative 32-amino-acid peptide. Thus, identical secondary structures could be postulated for the leaders of all three organisms, and regulation of operon expression could be like that postulated earlier for E. coli. Different secondary structures had to be postulated for the leader transcripts of Edwardsiella tarda and Serratia marcescens. Control of attenuation of the operon in these organisms by the level of leucyl tRNA could be explained only if ribosome stalling occurred at a single leucine codon. In both organisms, that single leucine codon is the rarely used CUA rather than the CUG that is in E. coli, S. typhimurium, and K. aerogenes. PMID- 3900038 TI - Leucine regulation of the ilvGEDA operon of Serratia marcescens by attenuation is modulated by a single leucine codon. AB - The effect of leucine limitation and of restricted leucine tRNA charging on the expression of the ilvGEDA operon of Serratia marcescens was examined. In this organism, the ilv leader region specifies a putative peptide containing only a single leucine codon that could be involved in leucine-mediated control by attenuation (E. Harms, J.-H. Hsu, C. S. Subrahmanyam, and H. E. Umbarger, J. Bacteriol. 164:207-216, 1985). A plasmid (pPU134) containing the DNA of the S. marcescens ilv control region and three of the associated structural genes was studied as a single chromosomal copy in an Escherichia coli strain auxotrophic for all three branched-chain amino acids. The S. marcescens ilv genes responded to a multivalent control similar to that found in other enteric organisms. Furthermore, the S. marcescens ilv genes were derepressed when the charging of leucine tRNA was restricted in a leuS derivative of E. coli that had been transformed with pPU134. It was concluded that ribosome stalling leading to deattenuation is not dependent on either tandem or a consecutive series of codons for the regulatory amino acid. However, the fact that the single leucine codon is a less frequently used codon (CUA) may be important. The procedure for obtaining the cloned ilv genes in single chromosomal copy exploited the dependence of ColE1 replicons on the polA gene. The cloning experiments also revealed a branched chain amino acid-glutamate transaminase in S. marcescens that is different from transaminase B. PMID- 3900039 TI - Characterization of a Rhizobium meliloti fixation gene (fixF) located near the common nodulation region. AB - Rhizobium meliloti 2011 DNA from pRmSL26, a plasmid which is known to carry genes involved in the early stages of nodulation, was used to construct Tn5 mutations by site-directed Tn5 mutagenesis. Tn5 mutations located within an 8.7 kilobase EcoRI fragment defined two adjacent loci encoding functions for nodulation (nod) and symbiotic N2 fixation (fix). We investigated the organization and regulation of the fix locus and the characteristics of alfalfa nodules induced by these Fix- mutants. By monitoring expression in Escherichia coli minicells, we determined that the fix locus encoded a 36-kilodalton polypeptide. The gene corresponding to this locus was designated fixF. Morphological and ultrastructural studies of the ineffective nodules formed by R. meliloti fixF mutants showed infected host cells similar to those of the wild type. The ineffective nodules were able to accumulate leghemoglobin, but at lower levels than those found in the wild-type nodules. Expression of the nifHDK operon was unaffected by Tn5 insertions in the fixF gene. Expression of the fixF gene was monitored in E. coli by using translational lacZ fusions. It was shown that transcription of the fixF gene in E. coli could be activated by Klebsiella pneumoniae nifA and the R. meliloti nifA like regulatory gene products. Expression of the fixF gene was also studied in free-living and symbiotic R. meliloti cells. It was found that the fixF gene was transcribed in the symbiotic state. PMID- 3900040 TI - Kinetics of uptake and incorporation of meso-diaminopimelic acid in different Escherichia coli strains. AB - The rate at which the peptidoglycan precursor meso-diaminopimelic acid (DAP) is incorporated into the cell wall of Escherichia coli cells was determined by pulse label experiments. For different E. coli strains, the incorporation rate was compared with the rate of uptake of DAP into the cell. With E. coli W7, a dap lys mutant generally used in this kind of studies, steady-state incorporation was reached only after about 0.75 of the doubling time. This lag period can be ascribed to the presence of a large internal DAP pool in the cells. An E. coli K 12 lysA strain was constructed which could be grown without DAP in its medium. Consequently, due to the higher specific activity of the added [3H]DAP, faster incorporation and higher levels of radioactivity in the peptidoglycan layer were observed in the K-12 lysA strain than in the W7 strain. In addition, uptake and incorporation were faster in steady state (within about 0.2 of the doubling time), indicating a smaller DAP pool. The lag period could be further diminished and the incorporation rate could be increased by feedback inhibition of the biosynthetic pathway to DAP with threonine and methionine. These results make MC4100 lysA a suitable strain for studies on peptidoglycan synthesis. To explain our observations, we suggest the existence of an expandable pool of DAP in E. coli which varies with the DAP concentration in the growth medium. With 2 microgram of DAP per ml, the size of the pool is severalfold the amount of DAP contained in the cell wall. This pool can be partly washed out of the cells. Grown without DAP, MC4100 lysA still has a small pool caused by endogenous synthesis, which accounts for the fact that steady-state [3H]DAP incorporation in the lysA strain still shows a lag period. PMID- 3900041 TI - New view of the surface projections of Chlamydia trachomatis. AB - Two kinds of surface specializations of chlamydiae have been described: hemispheric projections and spikelike rods. We undertook the present studies to demonstrate chlamydial ultrastructure in greater detail in conventional thin sectioned specimens. Chlamydia trachomatis (LGV strain L2/434/Bu), cultured for 40 h in L929 mouse fibroblasts, was fixed in glutaraldehyde-acrolein, p formaldehyde-glutaraldehyde, or glutaraldehyde-osmium tetroxide mixtures, postfixed in osmium tetroxide, stained in uranyl acetate, dehydrated in ethanols, and embedded in Epon. By the use of fixatives that penetrate and fix rapidly, chlamydial outer and plasma membranes were clearly revealed. Our results indicate that the hemispheric projections are specializations of the plasma membrane of elementary bodies. The spikelike projections are found in intermediate forms, originate beneath depressions of the plasma membrane, and extend through the periplasmic space and outer membrane to end with pointed tips. Improved preservation of chlamydiae provides a new, informative view of their complex structure. Significant interactions between chlamydiae and host cells might be influenced by the surface structures shown in this study. PMID- 3900042 TI - Biochemical and biological properties of the binding of human fibrinogen to M protein in group A streptococci. AB - Fibrinogen is known to bind to group A streptococci and precipitate with extracts containing streptococcal M protein. We have previously shown that the binding of fibrinogen to M-positive streptococci prevents opsonization by complement and protects that organism from phagocytosis in nonimmune blood. In the present study, we used 3H-labeled fibrinogen, a highly purified peptide fragment of type 24 M protein (pep M24), and anti-pep M sera to show that fibrinogen binds to M positive streptococci with high affinity (dissociation constants, 1 to 5 nM); occupation of the high-affinity binding sites suffices to protect the organism from phagocytosis; proteolytic treatments that remove M protein from streptococcal cells abolish binding; binding is competitively inhibited by anti pep M sera; pep M24 precipitates fibrinogen; and binding to type 24 cells is inhibited by pep M24. We conclude that M protein is the cell surface structure principally responsible for binding fibrinogen on the surface of M-positive streptococci and that this binding contributes to the known antiopsonic property of M proteins. PMID- 3900043 TI - Cloning and expression of bacterial ice nucleation genes in Escherichia coli. AB - Epiphytic populations of Pseudomonas syringae and Erwinia herbicola are important sources of ice nuclei that incite frost damage in agricultural crop plants. We have cloned and characterized DNA segments carrying the genes (ice) responsible for the ice-nucleating ability of these bacteria. The ice region spanned 3.5 to 4.0 kilobases and was continuous over this region in P. syringae Cit7R1. The cloned fragments imparted ice-nucleating activity in Escherichia coli. Substantial increases in the nucleating activity of both E. coli and P. syringae were obtained by subcloning the DNA fragments on multicopy plasmid vectors. Southern blot analysis showed substantial homology between the ice regions of P. syringae and E. herbicola, although individual restriction sites within the ice regions differed between the two species. PMID- 3900044 TI - Identification of the active site in penicillin-binding protein 3 of Escherichia coli. AB - We report the sequence of the active site tryptic peptide of penicillin-binding protein 3 from Escherichia coli. Purified penicillin-binding protein 3 was labeled with [14C]penicillin G and digested with trypsin, and the resulting radioactive peptides were isolated by a combination of gel filtration and high pressure liquid chromatography. The major radioactive peak from high-pressure liquid chromatography was sequenced, and the peptide Thr-Ile-Thr-Asp-Val-Phe-Glu Pro-Gly-Ser-Thr-Val-Lys, which comprises residues 298 to 310 in the amino acid sequence, was identified. This sequence is compared with the active site sequences from other penicillin-binding proteins and beta-lactamases. PMID- 3900045 TI - Isolation of a dihydrofolate reductase-deficient mutant of Escherichia coli. AB - A strain of Escherichia coli was isolated in which dihydrofolate reductase was not detected by an enzyme assay or by competition for antibody. This strain requires methionine, glycine, a purine, and thymidine for growth in addition to the auxotrophic requirements of the parent strain. It was found to be useful as a recipient of plasmids harboring dihydrofolate reductase genes. PMID- 3900046 TI - Inactivation of glycerol dehydrogenase of Klebsiella pneumoniae and the role of divalent cations. AB - Anaerobically induced NAD-linked glycerol dehydrogenase of Klebsiella pneumoniae for fermentative glycerol utilization was reported previously to be inactivated in the cell during oxidative metabolism. In vitro inactivation was observed in this study by incubating the purified enzyme in the presence of O2, Fe2+, and ascorbate or dihydroxyfumarate. It appears that O2 and the reducing agent formed H2O2 and that H2O2 reacted with Fe2+ to generate an activated species of oxygen which attacked the enzyme. The in vitro-oxidized enzyme, like the in vivo inactivated enzyme, showed an increased Km for NAD (but not glycerol) and could no longer be activated by Mn2+ which increased the Vmax of the native enzyme but decreased its apparent affinity for NAD. Ethanol dehydrogenase and 1,3 propanediol oxidoreductase, two enzymes with anaerobic function, also lost activity when the cells were incubated aerobically with glucose. However, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (NADP-linked), isocitrate dehydrogenase, and malate dehydrogenase, expected to function both aerobically and anaerobically, were not inactivated. Thus, oxidative modification of proteins in vivo might provide a mechanism for regulating the activities of some anaerobic enzymes. PMID- 3900047 TI - Maintenance of plasmid pSC101 in Escherichia coli requires the host primase. AB - The abilities of three Escherichia coli strains with thermosensitive dnaG alleles to maintain plasmids pSC101 or pBR322 or an RP4 derivative were studied at elevated growth temperatures. Under these conditions, pSC101 segregated from cells to a greater extent than did pBR322. No segregation of the primase-encoding RP4 derivative was observed. PMID- 3900048 TI - Pyrimidine-specific cleavage by an endoribonuclease of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - An endoribonuclease with pyrimidine cleavage site specificity was isolated from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The enzyme had a pH optimum of 6 to 7 and did not require a divalent cation. It was inhibited by 5 X 10(-5) M ethidium bromide, although it appeared to be single strand specific. The enzyme gave a limited cleavage of yeast mRNA and rRNA, yielding products that were terminated with pyrimidine nucleoside 2',3'-cyclic phosphate. The bonds between pyrimidine and A residues constituted more than 90% of the scission sites when the average product size was 50 nucleotides. Homopolyribonucleotides were cleaved poorly. Poly(A,U) was cleaved rapidly, and analysis of the products of poly(A,U) hydrolysis showed a very stringent cleavage of U-A bonds. PMID- 3900049 TI - Circular mitochondrial genome of Candida albicans contains a large inverted duplication. AB - The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of the dimorphic fungus Candida albicans has a molecular size of 41 kilobase pairs as judged by summation of the fragment sizes produced by digestion with restriction endonucleases EcoRI, PvuII, and a combination of both enzymes. Five of the six EcoRI fragments comprising the mitochondrial genome have been cloned into the plasmid vector, pBR322. Restriction mapping revealed a circular map as predicted by previous observations with the electron microscope. The use of nick-translated, purified mtDNA to probe digests of mtDNA from other strains of C. albicans revealed a common restriction pattern. Use of nick-translated, cloned EcoRI fragments to probe digests of mtDNA revealed a large (at least 5 kilobase pairs), inverted duplication as well as a smaller (less than 0.4 kilobase pairs) region of related sequences. PMID- 3900050 TI - Promoters recognized by Escherichia coli RNA polymerase selected by function: highly efficient promoters from bacteriophage T5. AB - Highly efficient promoters of coliphage T5 were identified by selecting for functional properties. Eleven such promoters belonging to all three expression classes of the phage were analyzed. Their average AT content was 75% and reached 83% in subregions of the sequences. Besides the well-known conserved sequences around -10 and -33, they exhibited homologies outside the region commonly considered to be essential for promoter function. Interestingly, the consensus hexamers around -10 (TAT AAT) and -35 (TTG ACA) were never found simultaneously within the sequence of highly efficient promoters. Several of these promoters compete extremely well for Escherichia coli RNA polymerase and can be used for the efficient in vitro synthesis of defined RNA species. In addition, some of these promoters accept 7-mGpppA as the starting dinucleotide, thus producing capped mRNA in vitro which can be utilized in various eucaryotic translation systems. PMID- 3900051 TI - Tricyclic-resistant depression: treatment resistance or inadequate treatment? AB - The apparent resistance to tricyclic antidepressant treatment of many depressed patients often may be a result of an inadequate therapeutic trial. Several potentially important variables which may contribute to apparent treatment resistance are discussed, including interpatient pharmacokinetic variability, noncompliance, and inadequate duration of treatment. The current status of the relationship of clinical response and plasma levels of tricyclics and the use of therapeutic blood monitoring to reduce the failure rate in tricyclic antidepressant treatment are also discussed. PMID- 3900052 TI - Nortriptyline pharmacokinetics and plasma levels: implications for clinical practice. AB - The pharmacokinetics of TCAs are reviewed with particular emphasis on nortriptyline, the agent most extensively studied. The clinical uses of TCA plasma level-response studies are discussed in relationship to rational dosage adjustment to increase response rates and avoid iatrogenic toxicity. Other important topics discussed include the issue of active metabolites, single-dose prediction studies, and special considerations in treating the elderly and the medically ill. PMID- 3900053 TI - A case of homosexual erotomania. AB - Erotomania has previously been described exclusively in terms of delusional heterosexual relationships, and almost all of the patients reported to manifest this syndrome are women. We report the case of a schizophrenic man with a chronic, fixed delusion involving a homosexual lover. Theoretical implications regarding the psychodynamics of this syndrome are discussed. PMID- 3900054 TI - Introduction: update on the clinical management of affective illness. PMID- 3900055 TI - Developmental considerations in the concept of affective illness. AB - A spectrum exists from change, to crisis, to turmoil, and, at times, to illness at watersheds in the life cycle. Affective experience can be a mobilizing factor and emotional catalyst in the growth experience or a devastating psychotic mood disturbance when predisposing life events and genetic disposition are operational. This paper reviews the dynamics of biologic systems, chronobiology, and time-related transitions of the developmental experience. The relationship of a developmental time clock to affective phenomenology and clinical affective disorder is discussed and presented in two case vignettes. Developmental theory and the interface between life events, stress, and affective illness are reviewed and a concept of development as a sequence of affective cycles is presented. PMID- 3900056 TI - Therapeutic applications and mechanisms of action of monoamine oxidase inhibitor and heterocyclic antidepressant drugs. AB - Tricyclic antidepressants, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, and antidepressants of atypical structure are used in a variety of psychiatric and nonpsychiatric disorders. The efficacy of antidepressant drugs in major depression, panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, peptic ulcer disease, enuresis, chronic pain, migraine, bulimia, and attention deficit disorder is briefly reviewed. The rationale that led to each of these therapeutic applications is examined, and the possible mechanism of action is discussed in light of recent advances in neurobiologic research. It is concluded that improved understanding of antidepressant drugs' mechanisms of action may help elucidate the etiology of these disorders and yield more effective treatments. PMID- 3900057 TI - Characterization of rat cytochrome P-450MC synthesized in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - Rat cytochrome P-450MC cDNA was expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae AH22, SHY3 and NA87-11A cells under the control of the yeast ADH1 promoter and terminator. Although the three yeast strains transformed with the constructed expression plasmid, pAMC1, contained approximately three copies of the plasmid, the levels of both P-450MC mRNA and the corresponding protein in the AH22 cells carrying plasmid pAMC1 were 1.4- to 1.7-fold and 2-fold higher than in the other two strains, respectively. The P-450MC protein was purified from the microsomal fraction of AH22 cells carrying pAMC1 by a rapid purification method. The apparent molecular weight, chromatographic behavior, spectral properties, substrate specificity and immunochemical properties of the purified P-450MC protein were indistinguishable from those of rat liver P-450MC-I and P-450MC-II (Sasaki, T., et al. (1984) J. Biochem. 96, 117-126). The NH2-terminal amino acid sequence of the purified protein up to 10 residues was the same as those of P 450MC-I and P-450MC-II. In addition, HPLC analysis of the microsomal fraction of AH22 cells containing pAMC1 indicated that the synthesized P-450MC protein corresponds to P-450MC-II, but not P-450MC-I. With another purification method, we obtained the cleaved P-450MC protein which lacked the NH2-terminal 30 amino acids of intact P-450MC. The spectral properties and monooxygenase activities towards benzo(a)pyrene and 7-ethoxycoumarin of the cleaved P-450MC were nearly the same as those of intact P-450MC. PMID- 3900058 TI - L-Aspartate-induced activation of aspartase. AB - During the catalysis of the fumarate amination reaction, aspartase was markedly activated by the product, L-aspartate, as shown by a steep increase in the reaction rate. When NH4+ was replaced by NH2OH, the hydroxylamination reaction proceeded without any acceleration, and was activated upon addition of L aspartate. The activation required the Mg2+ ion and the alkaline pH, and the half saturation concentration of L-aspartate for activation was as low as 0.07 mM, which was far lower than the Km value for catalysis. Fumarate showed no activating effect in contrast to L-aspartate, and L-aspartate lowered the Km value for fumarate instead of acting as a competitive inhibitor. Besides L aspartate, alpha-methyl-DL-aspartate exhibited an activating effect without serving as a substrate. These results suggest that the activation is mediated by an indirect action of L-aspartate which is bound to a site distinct from the catalytic site. PMID- 3900059 TI - Distribution of cathepsins B and H in rat tissues and peripheral blood cells. AB - The concentrations of cathepsins B and H in various tissues and peripheral blood cells of rats were determined by means of sensitive immunoassays. The minimum detectable amounts of cathepsins B and H were 30 pg and 20 pg/assay, respectively, and the presence of endogenous thiol proteinase inhibitors did not interfere with the immunoassays. Cathepsin B was found at high levels in the kidney, vagina, spleen, and adrenal gland, and cathepsin H at high levels in the kidney, vagina, liver, lung, and spleen. Low levels of cathepsins B and H were present in the heart, skeletal muscle, and testis. The ratios of cathepsins B and H in various organs were different: the brain and adrenal gland contained much higher levels of cathepsin B than of cathepsin H, whereas the lung and liver contained higher levels of cathepsin H than of cathepsin B. In several organs such as the kidney, spleen, liver, and lungs, the level of cathepsins B plus H was much higher than that of thiol proteinase inhibitors (TPI-alpha + TPI-beta), whereas in tissues containing large amounts of TPI-alpha, such as the skin, esophagus and stomach, the level of inhibitors was higher than that of cathepsins B plus H. Of the peripheral blood cells tested, macrophages had the highest contents of cathepsins B and H, and so their level of cathepsins B plus H was much higher than that of TPI-alpha plus TPI-beta, whereas lymphocytes and neutrophils contained comparable amounts of proteinases and inhibitors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3900060 TI - Multiple forms of endothelial cell growth factor. Rapid isolation and biological and chemical characterization. AB - Endothelial cell growth factor (ECGF) can be rapidly purified from bovine brain to high specific activity using heparin-Sepharose affinity chromatography. Purification of the mitogen by this method results in relatively high yields of the polypeptide (10 to 100 micrograms/kg of tissue) with biological activity on murine and human endothelial cells in the picogram range. The product obtained is a mixture of two single-chain polypeptides with apparent molecular weights of 17,000 (alpha-ECGF) and 20,000 (beta-ECGF) by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The two forms of ECGF can be separated by either NaCl gradient elution from heparin-Sepharose or reversed-phase high pressure liquid chromatography. The two polypeptides are related on the basis of similar: amino acid compositions, affinity for heparin-Sepharose, cyanogen bromide and trypsin-derived cleavage products, and biological activity. Furthermore, the cyanogen bromide fragments derived from the two forms of ECGF also possess similar amino acid compositions and mobilities on sodium dodecyl sulfate gels. These data suggest that there are at least two discrete molecular forms of ECGF in bovine brain and that these two molecules are structurally related. PMID- 3900061 TI - Crystals of the complex between recombinant N-acetyleglin c and subtilisin. A preliminary characterization. AB - The complex between recombinant N-acetyleglin c and subtilisin has been crystallized into a triclinic cell. The cell constants are a = 38.3 A, b = 41.5 A, c = 56.6 A, alpha = 110.6 degrees, beta = 83.8 degrees, and gamma = 104.7 degrees. The crystals diffract to better than 2.3-A resolution and are large enough for data collection. The crystallization conditions and general crystal data are presented. PMID- 3900062 TI - Escherichia coli DNA photolyase reverses cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers but not pyrimidine-pyrimidone (6-4) photoproducts. AB - The effect of purified Escherichia coli DNA photolyase on the UV light-induced pyrimidine-pyrimidone (6-4) photoproduct and cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer was investigated in vitro using enzyme purified from cells carrying the cloned phr gene (map position, 15.7 min). Photoproducts were examined both as site-specific lesions in end-labeled DNA and as chromatographically identified products in uniformly labeled DNA. E. coli DNA photolyase removed cyclobutane dimers but had no activity on pyrimidine-pyrimidone (6-4) photoproducts. Photoreactivation can therefore be used to separate the biological effects of these two UV light induced molecular lesions. PMID- 3900063 TI - Peptidase activity of macromomycin apoprotein. AB - Macromomycin, an antibiotic and antitumor protein obtained from Streptomyces macromomyceticus, displayed specific aminopeptidase activity. Pure macromomycin degraded the beta-chain of insulin, a few synthetic di- and tripeptides, and a number of proteins of KB cell plasma membrane. The biological activity and the peptidase activity showed similar temperature-dependent patterns suggesting that one protein is responsible for both activities. The apoprotein contained the aminopeptidase activity while the chromophore, which displayed the antibiotic and antitumor activity, did not show any such activity. PMID- 3900064 TI - Molecular characterization of the CAN1 locus in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A transmembrane protein without N-terminal hydrophobic signal sequence. AB - The complete DNA sequence of the CAN1 locus of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is presented. The predicted primary translation product consists of 590 amino acids. From the hydropathic profile of the amino acid sequence (as calculated by the algorithm of Kyte and Doolittle (Kyte, J., and Doolittle, R. F. (1982) J. Mol. Biol. 157, 105-132)), one can divide the protein into two distinct regions. The 93-amino acid long N-terminal domain is extremely hydrophilic and does not exhibit any cleavable signal sequence. The rest of the protein (from amino acids 94 to 590) shows features typical for an integral membrane protein. The proposal for the N terminus of the primary translation product is based on results obtained by S1 mapping, insertion mutagenesis, and gene fusion experiments. PMID- 3900065 TI - Complete amino acid sequence of steer liver microsomal NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase. AB - The complete covalent structure of liver microsomal NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase from steer liver microsomes was determined. Cleavage at methionyl bonds gave 10 peptides accounting for all the residues of the protein. Acid cleavage of the reductase at the Asp-Pro bonds gave three peptides accounting for all the CNBr peptides in the molecule. Subfragmentation of these peptides by chemical and enzymatic cleavage provided overlaps which established all the fragments in an unambiguous sequence of 300 residues, corresponding to Mr 34,110. Limited tryptic digestion cleaved reductase at residues 28 and 119, yielding a preparation having two noncovalently linked peptides having a conformation which binds flavin and retains the structural features essential for NADH-cytochrome b5 activity. A model for the secondary structure of cytochrome b5 reductase is proposed that is based on computer-assisted analysis of the amino acid sequence. In this model the beta-turns are predominant and there is some 25% alpha and 30% beta structure. PMID- 3900066 TI - Nucleoside 5'-diphosphates as effectors of mammalian ribonucleotide reductase. AB - It was found that nucleoside 5'-diphosphates could serve as effectors of ribonucleotide reductase. ADP was an activator of CDP reduction; ADP reduction was activated by dGDP; GDP reduction was activated by dTDP. Conversely, dADP inhibited the reduction of CDP, UDP, GDP, and ADP; dGDP inhibited UDP and GDP reductions; and dTDP inhibited UDP reduction. The inhibition of UDP reduction by dADP, dTDP, and dGDP was at least equal to that observed for dATP, dTTP, and dGTP, respectively. In these experiments with the nucleoside diphosphates as effectors, high-pressure liquid chromatography analysis of the reaction mixtures showed that no nucleoside 5'-triphosphates were found during the reaction period which could account for the effects seen with the nucleoside diphosphates as effectors. Further experiments were carried out in which adenyl-5'-yl imidodiphosphate was used as the positive effector of CDP and UDP reductions in place of ATP. Under these conditions, CDP and UDP reductions were inhibited by dADP, dTDP, and dGDP to the same extent observed in the presence of ATP. ADP served not only as a substrate for ribonucleotide reductase but also as an activator of CDP and UDP reductions. The direct products (dNDPs) also served as positive and negative effectors. Dixon plots indicated that the dNDPs were acting as noncompetitive inhibitors with respect to the substrate. ADP increased the sedimentation velocity of the ribonucleotide reductase in a manner similar to ATP. These data are consistent with the allosteric effects seen with the nucleoside 5'-triphosphates. Additionally, from the thorough study of the role of effectors on UDP reduction, it is clear that UDP reduction was most sensitive to the negative effectors dATP, dADP, dTTP, dTDP, dGTP, and dGDP. PMID- 3900067 TI - Protease La, the lon gene product, cleaves specific fluorogenic peptides in an ATP-dependent reaction. AB - Protease La is an ATP-dependent protease that catalyzes the rapid degradation of abnormal proteins and certain normal polypeptides in Escherichia coli. In order to learn more about its specificity and the role of ATP, we tested whether small fluorogenic peptides might serve as substrates. In the presence of ATP and Mg2+, protease La hydrolyzes two oligopeptides that are also substrates for chymotrypsin, glutaryl-Ala-Ala-Phe-methoxynaphthylamine (MNA) and succinyl-Phe Leu-Phe-MNA. Methylation or removal of the acidic blocking group prevented hydrolysis. Closely related peptides (glutaryl-Gly-Gly-Phe-MNA and glutaryl-Ala Ala-Ala-MNA) are cleaved only slightly, and substrates of trypsin-like proteases are not hydrolyzed. Furthermore, several peptide chloromethyl ketone derivatives that inhibit chymotrypsin and cathepsin G (especially benzyloxycarbonyl-Gly-Leu Phe-chloro-methyl ketone), inhibited protease La. Thus its active site prefers peptides containing large hydrophobic residues, and amino acids beyond the cleavage site influence rates of hydrolysis. Peptide hydrolysis resembles protein breakdown by protease La in many respects: 1) ADP inhibits this process rapidly, 2) DNA stimulates it, 3) heparin, diisopropyl fluorophosphate, and benzoyl-Arg Gly-Phe-Phe-Leu-MNA inhibit hydrolysis, 4) the reaction is maximal at pH 9.0-9.5, 5) the protein purified from lon- E. coli or Salmonella typhymurium showed no activity against the peptide, and that from lonR9 inhibited peptide hydrolysis by the wild-type enzyme. With partially purified enzyme, peptide hydrolysis was completely dependent on ATP. The pure protease hydrolyzed the peptide slowly when only Mg2+, Ca2+, or Mn2+ were present, and ATP enhanced this activity 6-15-fold (Km = 3 microM). Since these peptides cannot undergo phosphorylation, adenylylation, modification of amino groups, or denaturation, these mechanisms cannot account for the stimulation by ATP. Most likely, ATP and Mg2+ affect the conformation of the enzyme, rather than that of the substrate. PMID- 3900068 TI - Differential expression of the multiple forms of rat prekininogen mRNAs after acute inflammation. AB - Responses of the rat liver prekininogen mRNAs after induction of acute inflammation were examined by blot-hybridization and S1 nuclease protection analyses with the aid of cDNA probes specific for rat kininogens. Marked changes in the relative levels of the low molecular weight (LMW) prekininogen mRNAs were observed after administration of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide, and the mRNA levels increased with a half-maximal dose of approximately 100 ng of lipopolysaccharide/100 g body weight. At maximum level of induction, the LMW prekininogen mRNAs comprised about 1% of total liver mRNA, thus representing a major component of the liver mRNA in the acutely inflamed rat. Differences in the inflammatory responses of various forms of the prekininogen mRNAs were then investigated by S1 nuclease protection analysis with the use of three different cDNA probes, each specific for either K-prekininogen or two types of T prekininogens. Both of the T-prekininogen mRNAs increased progressively during the first 24 h after induction of inflammation, and at maximum level of induction, these two mRNAs increased about 10- and 13-fold over their normal level. In contrast, neither of the high molecular weight and LMW K-prekininogen mRNAs exhibited such an increase after induction of inflammation. Thus, the expressions of the rat T- and K-prekininogen mRNAs are differentially regulated in response to the induction of acute inflammation. PMID- 3900069 TI - Initial rate and isotope exchange studies of rat skeletal muscle hexokinase. AB - The kinetic mechanism of rat skeletal muscle hexokinase (hexokinase II) was investigated in light of a proposal by Cornish-Bowden and his co-workers (Gregoriou, M., Trayer, I. P., and Cornish-Bowden, A. (1983) Eur. J. Biochem. 134, 283-288). These investigators reported that the kinetic mechanism is ordered, with glucose adding before ATP and ADP dissociating from hexokinase before glucose-6-P. In addition, these workers suggest that glucose-6-P and ATP add to allosteric sites on hexokinase. We investigated the mechanism of action of hexokinase II by studying initial rate kinetics in the nonphysiological direction and by isotope exchange at chemical equilibrium. The former experiments were carried out in the absence of inhibitors and then with AMP, which is a competitive inhibitor of ADP, and with glucose 1,6-bisphosphate, a competitive inhibitor of glucose-6-P. The findings from these experiments suggest that the kinetic mechanism is rapid equilibrium Random Bi Bi. Isotope exchange at equilibrium studies also supports the random nature of the muscle hexokinase reaction; however, they also suggest that the mechanism is partially ordered, i.e. there is a preferred pathway associated with the branched mechanism. Approximately two-thirds of the flux through the hexokinase reaction involves the glucose on first glucose-6-P off last branch of the Random Bi Bi mechanism. These results imply that the kinetic mechanism is steady state Random Bi Bi. There is some evidence to suggest that glucose-6-P binds to an allosteric site on muscle hexokinase, but none to suppose that ATP binds allosterically. Analysis of the mechanism of Gregoriou et al. suggests that it is at variance with the findings of this report as well as with data available from other laboratories. PMID- 3900070 TI - Primary structure of a DNA- and heparin-binding domain (Domain III) in human plasma fibronectin. AB - The complete amino acid sequence of a DNA- and heparin-binding domain isolated by limited thermolysin digestion of human plasma fibronectin has been obtained. The domain contains 90 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 10,225. The apparent molecular mass of this domain is 14 kDa when analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis. The anomalously high molecular size estimation may be due to the inaccuracy of this method in the low range. The structure was established from microsequence analysis of the chymotryptic, tryptic, and Staphylococcus aureus protease peptides. The molecular ion of each of the chymotryptic peptides was obtained by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. The domain has a preponderance of basic residues with a net charge of +5 at neutral pH. The basic nature of the domain may account for its affinity for the polyanions, DNA and heparin. The predicted secondary structure is beta-sheet, in common with all of the type III internal sequence homology structures obtained for fibronectin so far. The location of the domain in fibronectin was made possible by limited thermolysin digestion and identification of the fragments and by comparison of the sequence of the 14-kDa fragment with the partial structure of bovine plasma fibronectin. The domain comprises residues 585-675 and defines a region immediately adjacent to the collagen-binding domain. Numbering domains beginning at the amino terminus, this domain is Domain III after the fibrin/heparin/actin/S. aureus binding Domain I and the collagen-binding Domain II. The domain was obtained from a larger precursor (56 kDa) which bound heparin, DNA, and gelatin. Further digestion of the 56-kDa fragment gave rise to a 40-kDa fragment which only bound gelatin, and a 14-kDa fragment which only bound heparin or DNA. The 14-kDa fragment (Domain III) marks the beginning of the type III homology region in fibronectin, for there may be up to 15 repeats of 90 amino acids. The size of this domain corresponds to one repeat of 90 amino acids and it has some sequence homology to the other type III sequences found thus far in fibronectin. PMID- 3900071 TI - Primary structures of the catalytic subunits from two molecular forms of acetylcholinesterase. A comparison of NH2-terminal and active center sequences. AB - Two distinct classes of acetylcholinesterase exist in near equal amounts in the electric organ of Torpedo californica. A globular 5.6 S form is a dimer which possesses a hydrophobic region. The second form is present as elongated species that sediment at 17 and 13 S and contain structural subunits disulfide-linked to the catalytic subunits. Removal of the structural subunits by mild proteolysis yields a tetramer of catalytic subunits which sediments at 11 S. To compare the primary structures of the catalytic subunits of the 5.6 S and 11 S forms of acetylcholinesterase, amino acid sequences from the active sites and from the amino-terminal regions have been elucidated. Active site serines were labeled with [3H]isopropyl fluorophosphate. After digestion with trypsin, the resultant peptides were resolved by elution from a size-exclusion column followed by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography. Each active site tryptic peptide contained 24 residues and identical sequences were found in this peptide for the 5.6 S and 11 S forms of the enzyme. The sequence flanking the active site serine revealed extensive homology with the published sequence of human serum cholinesterase as well as a lesser degree of homology with other known serine proteases and esterases. The sequences of the amino-terminal region also appear to be identical for both enzyme forms although we note variation in the ratio of Glu and Gln at position 5. The amino-terminal sequence exhibits only partial homology with the published sequence of human serum cholinesterase. PMID- 3900072 TI - The direction of RecA protein assembly onto single strand DNA is the same as the direction of strand assimilation during strand exchange. AB - The RecA protein of Escherichia coli optimally promotes DNA strand exchange reactions in the presence of the single strand DNA-binding protein of E. coli (SSB protein). Under these conditions, assembly of RecA protein onto single stranded DNA (ssDNA) occurs in three steps. First, the ssDNA is rapidly covered by SSB protein. The binding of RecA protein is then initiated by nucleation of a short tract of RecA protein onto the ssDNA. Finally, cooperative polymerization of additional RecA protein accompanied by displacement of SSB protein results in a ssDNA-RecA protein filament (Griffith, J. D., Harris, L. D., and Register, J. C. (1984) Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 49, 553-559). We report here that RecA protein assembly onto circular ssDNA yields RecA protein-covered circles in which greater than 85% are completely covered by RecA protein with no remaining SSB protein-covered segments (as detected by electron microscopy). However, when linear ssDNA is used, 90% of the filaments contain a short segment at one end complexed with SSB protein. This suggests that RecA protein assembly is unidirectional. Visualization of the assembly of RecA protein onto either long ssDNA tails (containing either 5' or 3' termini) or ssDNA gaps generated in double strand DNA allowed us to determine that the RecA protein polymerizes in the 5' to 3' direction on ssDNA and preferentially nucleates at ssDNA-double strand DNA junctions containing 5' termini. PMID- 3900073 TI - The FLP protein of the 2-micron plasmid of yeast. Inter- and intramolecular reactions. AB - We have studied the mechanism of reaction of the FLP protein of the yeast 2 micron plasmid on linear substrates. The products of the reaction are dependent upon the concentration of FLP protein. At low concentrations of FLP, products resulting from intramolecular recombination between two FLP target sites accumulate. At higher concentrations of FLP, intermolecular recombination results in the accumulation of products which are larger than the starting substrate. At higher concentrations still, FLP-promoted recombination is inhibited. Potassium chloride (0.15 M) inhibits the intermolecular reaction and also prevents the inhibition of FLP-mediated recombination caused by high concentrations of FLP protein. We present a model that explains these findings. PMID- 3900074 TI - Evidence that the 90-kDa phosphoprotein associated with the untransformed L-cell glucocorticoid receptor is a murine heat shock protein. AB - Two phosphoproteins are adsorbed to protein-A-Sepharose when cytosol from 32P labeled L-cells is incubated with a monoclonal antibody against the glucocorticoid receptor: one is a 98-100-kDa phosphoprotein that contains the steroid-binding site and the other is a 90-kDa nonsteroid-binding phosphoprotein that is associated with the untransformed, molybdate-stabilized receptor (Housley, P. R., Sanchez, E. R., Westphal, H.M., Beato, M., and Pratt, W.B. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, in press). In this paper we show that the 90-kDa receptor-associated phosphoprotein is an abundant cytosolic protein that reacts with a monoclonal antibody that recognizes the 90-kDa phosphoprotein that binds steroid receptors in the chicken oviduct. The 90-kDa protein immunoadsorbed from L-cell cytosol with this antibody reacts on Western blots with rabbit antiserum prepared against the 89-kDa chicken heat shock protein. Immunoadsorption of molybdate-stabilized cytosol by antibodies against the glucocorticoid receptor results in the presence of a 90-kDa protein that interacts on Western blots with the antiserum against the chicken heat shock protein. The association between the 90-kDa protein and the receptor is only seen by this technique when molybdate is present to stabilize the complex; and when steroid-bound receptors are incubated at 25 degrees C to transform them to the DNA-binding state, the 90-kDa protein dissociates. These observations are consistent with the proposal that the untransformed glucocorticoid receptor in L-cells exists in a complex with the murine 90-kDa heat shock protein. PMID- 3900075 TI - An amino acid sequence common to both cartilage proteoglycan and link protein. AB - Cartilage proteoglycan monomers associate with hyaluronic acid to form proteoglycan aggregates. Link protein, interacting with both hyaluronic acid and proteoglycan, serves to stabilize the aggregate structure. In the course of determining the primary structure of link protein, two peptides produced by digestion of rat chondrosarcoma link protein with trypsin or chymotrypsin have been selectively purified by immunoaffinity chromatography on a column of monoclonal anti-link protein antibody (8A4) immobilized to Sepharose 4B. These peptides have been sequenced using the double-coupling dimethylaminoazobenzene isothiocyanate/phenyl isothiocyanate procedure. A consensus sequence, Cys-X-Ala Gly-Trp-Leu-X-Asp-Gly-Ser-Val-X-Tyr-Pro-Ile-X-X-Pro, obtained by comparing the affinity-isolated tryptic peptide with the affinity-isolated chymotryptic peptide and an overlapping tryptic peptide, shows homology with a sequence obtained from the NH2-terminal of a CNBr peptide from proteo glycan core protein of bovine nasal cartilage: Ser-Ser-Ala-Gly-Trp-Leu-Ala-Asp-Arg-Ser-Val-Arg-Tyr-Pro-Ile-Ser . We suggest that the common sequence is structurally important to the function of these proteins and may be involved in the binding of both link protein and proteoglycan to hyaluronic acid. PMID- 3900076 TI - Correction of abnormal lipid fluidity and composition of rat ileal microvillus membranes in chronic streptozotocin-induced diabetes by insulin therapy. AB - Diabetes was induced in rats by administration of streptozotocin. After 90-120 days, one group of chronic diabetic animals was treated with insulin for chronic diabetic animals was treated with insulin for 10 days. The lipid fluidity and composition of microvillus membranes prepared from ileal enterocytes of control, diabetic, and insulin-treated diabetic animals were determined. Lipid fluidity, as assessed by steady-state fluorescence polarization techniques using the probes 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene, DL-2-(9-anthroyl)stearic acid and DL-12-(9 anthroyl)stearic acid, was decreased in membranes of diabetic animals compared to membranes of control and insulin-treated diabetic membranes. The differences in fluidity resulted from an increased cholesterol content and cholesterol/phospholipid molar ratio in membranes of diabetic animals. The activities of sucrase and alkaline phosphatase were also found to be higher in membranes of diabetic animals. Insulin treatment, however, failed to significantly influence the enzymatic activities of these membranes. These studies, therefore, demonstrate that alterations in the lipid fluidity, lipid composition, and certain enzymatic activities exist in microvillus membranes of enterocytes prepared from chronic streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Administration of insulin for 10 days to these animals restored membrane fluidity and lipid composition but not enzymatic activities to control membrane levels. PMID- 3900077 TI - Pathways for the incorporation of exogenous fatty acids into phosphatidylethanolamine in Escherichia coli. AB - Two distinct pathways for the incorporation of exogenous fatty acids into phospholipids were identified in Escherichia coli. The predominant route originates with the activation of fatty acids by acyl-CoA synthetase followed by the distribution of the acyl moieties into all phospholipid classes via the sn glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase reaction. This pathway was blocked in mutants (fadD) lacking acyl-CoA synthetase activity. In fadD strains, exogenous fatty acids were introduced exclusively into the 1-position of phosphatidylethanolamine. This secondary route is related to 1-position fatty acid turnover in phosphatidylethanolamine and proceeds via the acyl-acyl carrier protein synthetase/2-acylglycerophosphoethanolamine acyltransferase system. The turnover pathway exhibited a preference for saturated fatty acids, whereas the acyl-CoA synthetase-dependent pathway was less discriminating. Both pathways were inhibited in mutants (fadL) lacking the fatty acid permease, demonstrating that the fadL gene product translocates exogenous fatty acids to an intracellular pool accessible to both synthetases. These data demonstrate that acyl-CoA synthetase is not required for fatty acid transport in E. coli and that the metabolism of exogenous fatty acids is segregated from the metabolism of acyl-acyl carrier proteins derived from fatty acid biosynthesis. PMID- 3900078 TI - A comparison of angiography, intravenous digital subtraction angiography and duplex ultrasound in the diagnosis of carotid artery atherosclerosis. AB - Duplex ultrasonography and intravenous digital subtraction angiography (IV-DSA) were used as the initial diagnostic studies in 124 patients referred for evaluation of neurological disorders possibly related to carotid bifurcation disease in the neck. Conventional angiograms were subsequently performed in 29 patients. Diagnostic images were obtained in 100% of the angiograms, 94% of the duplex ultrasonograms and 89% of the IV-DSA studies. Using the angiogram as the reference standard for plaque detection, duplex ultrasonography had a sensitivity of 0.93 and specificity of 0.83. Doppler velocity ratio alone was used to detect all patients with angiographically demonstrated disease but demonstrated a specificity of only 0.35. IV-DSA showed a sensitivity of 0.93 and specificity of 0.91. IV-DSA and duplex ultrasonography agreed in the assessment of degree stenosis in over 90% of cases and we conclude that these two modalities have approximately the same sensitivity and specificity for detecting atherosclerotic disease at the carotid bifurcations. PMID- 3900079 TI - A comparative trial of the diagnostic quality of and tolerance for two concentrations of ioxaglate when used for phlebography. AB - We report a prospective, randomised, double blind study comparing the diagnostic quality of and tolerance for ascending phlebography in 100 patients using two different concentrations of ioxaglate, 320 mg/ml and 200 mg/ml. The immediate and delayed side effects were minimal in both groups and the difference between the two concentrations was not statistically significant. All the phlebograms were of diagnostic quality. We conclude that, with its lower osmolality, lower viscosity and lower cost, ioxaglate 200 mg/ml is a suitable medium for routine use in ascending phlebography of lower limbs. PMID- 3900080 TI - Angiosonography of patent ductus arteriosus in neonates. AB - A diagnosis of patent ductus arterious (PDA) in neonates is occasionally difficult. With an umbilical artery catheter in the descending thoracic aorta, agitated saline or dextrose solutions can be used as a sonographic contrast agent during real-time ultrasound monitoring of the origins of the great arteries. Videorecording is performed during rapid injection of 1-2 ml of sonographic contrast. Detection of echoes in the pulmonary artery signifies a PDA. Angiosonography is a clinically useful bedside procedure performed in the neonatal intensive care unit without the use of ionizing radiation, iodinated contrast or extensive catheter manipulation. PMID- 3900081 TI - Ultrasonic features of aneurysms of splanchnic arteries. AB - A review of nine patients with aneurysms of the splanchnic arteries was undertaken. The records and the sonographic findings were analysed. Seven of the nine aneurysms could be diagnosed ultrasonographically. The aneurysm appeared as a round hypoechogenic nodule connected to or in close relation with the feeding artery. In four patients the lesions were incidentally detected and two of them were operated upon because of a risk of spontaneous rupture. PMID- 3900082 TI - Large unilateral chest tumors in children. AB - When large unilateral chest tumors are hidden by pleural fluid collections, or when there is a completely radiopaque hemithorax, ultrasonography is an efficient means of identifying and characterizing a mass. Narrowing of the carinal angle in patients with mediastinal shift is helpful in identifying large intrathoracic tumors that could be mistaken for, or hidden by, large pleural effusions. Of 11 large tumors in children, seven were Ewing's sarcomas, two were metastatic sarcomas, one was a lymphoma, and one was an undifferentiated small cell tumor of unknown origin. The rib lesions of Ewing's sarcoma were seen clearly on chest radiographs in all patients with that disease. PMID- 3900083 TI - Carney's triad: radiographic diagnosis, natural history and importance of pulmonary chondromas. AB - We describe the radiographic findings and benign clinical course of a patient with two components of a triad of unusual neoplasms: pulmonary chondroma, gastric epithelioid leiomyosarcoma, and paraganglioma that may occur together in young women. PMID- 3900084 TI - A macrophage activating factor is present and active in the ascitic fluid of patients with ovarian cancer. AB - Morphological and functional changes in human monocytes and peritoneal macrophages from six patients with ovarian cancer were studied. The surface architecture of exudate macrophages from ascitic fluid have already been shown to exhibit extensive spreading and ruffled membranes. Consequently, peripheral monocytes from the patients were cultured with ascitic fluid from the same individuals. They gradually displayed active membrane pseudopodia, thorn-like processes and petal-like ruffles after 2 h to 4 h of cultivation. Adherent peritoneal macrophages from the patients demonstrated increased consumption of glucose. These results suggest a macrophage activating factor (MAF) exists in ascitic fluid in patients with ovarian cancer which plays an initial role in the change of monocytes into macrophages. PMID- 3900085 TI - Cells that emerge from embryonic explants produce fibers of type IV collagen. AB - Double immunofluorescence staining experiments designed to examine the synthesis and deposition of collagen types I and IV in cultured explants of embryonic mouse lung revealed the presence of connective tissue-like fibers that were immunoreactive with anti-type IV collagen antibodies. This observation is contrary to the widely accepted belief that type IV collagen is found only in sheet-like arrangements beneath epithelia or as a sheath-like layer enveloping bundles of nerve or muscle cells. The extracellular matrix produced by cells that migrate from embryonic mouse lung rudiments in vitro was examined by double indirect immunofluorescence microscopy. Affinity-purified monospecific polyclonal antibodies were used to examine cells after growth on glass or native collagen substrata. The data show that embryonic mesenchymal cells can produce organized fibers of type IV collagen that are not contained within a basement membrane, and that embryonic epithelial cells deposit fibers and strands of type IV collagen beneath their basal surface when grown on glass; however, when grown on a rat tail collagen substratum the epithelial cells produce a fine meshwork. To our knowledge this work represents the first report that type IV collagen can be organized by cells into a fibrous extracellular matrix that is not a basement membrane. PMID- 3900086 TI - Morphological study of the mammalian stress response: characterization of changes in cytoplasmic organelles, cytoskeleton, and nucleoli, and appearance of intranuclear actin filaments in rat fibroblasts after heat-shock treatment. AB - Using both electron microscopy and immunological methods, we have characterized a number of changes occurring in rat fibroblasts after heat-shock treatment. Incubation of the cells for 3 h at 42 degrees-43 degrees C resulted in a number of changes within the cytoplasm including: a disruption and fragmentation of the Golgi complex; a modest swelling of the mitochondria and subtle alterations in the packing of the cristae; and alterations in cytoskeletal elements, specifically a collapse and aggregation of the vimentin-containing intermediate filaments around the nucleus. A number of striking changes were also found within the nuclei of the heat-treated cells: (a) We observed the appearance of rod shaped bodies consisting of densely packed filaments. Using biochemical and immunological methods, these nuclear inclusion bodies were shown to be comprised of actin filaments. (b) Considerable alterations in the integrity of the nucleoli were observed after the heat-shock treatment. Specifically, there appeared to be a general relaxation in the condensation state of the nucleoli, changes in both the number and size of the granular ribonucleoprotein components, and finally a reorganization of the nucleolar fibrillar reticulum. These morphological changes in the integrity of the nucleoli are of significant interest since previous work as well as studies presented here show that two of the mammalian stress proteins, the major stress-induced 72-kD protein and the 110-kD protein, localize within the nucleoli of the cells after heat-shock treatment. We discuss these morphological changes with regards to the known biological and biochemical events that occur in cells after induction of the stress response. PMID- 3900087 TI - Calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase: immunocytochemical localization in chick retina. AB - Calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase, previously called CaM-BP80 or calcineurin, is present in high concentrations in the central nervous system. The level of the phosphatase has been shown by radioimmunoassay to increase during development in the retinas of embryonic and hatching chicks (Tallant, E.A., and W.Y. Cheung, 1983, Biochemistry, 22:3630-3635). The aims of this study are to immunocytochemically localize the phosphatase in developing and mature retinas and to determine if the phosphatase is present in fractions of retinal synaptic membranes and synaptic junctions. Vibratome slices of fixed chick retina and Western blots of detergent-solubilized retinal fractions are both treated sequentially with rabbit primary antisera and goat anti-rabbit Fab fragments conjugated to peroxidase, and then reacted with hydrogen peroxide and diaminobenzidine. The tissue slices are further processed for electron microscopy. This paper demonstrates the presence of peroxidase reaction product in the retina just before synapse formation. In the outer plexiform layer the product is confined to photoreceptor synaptic terminals, whereas in the inner plexiform layer it is present in synaptic terminals of bipolar cells and in dendrites of ganglion cells. In this latter site the product is present postsynaptically at bipolar and amacrine synapses. The phosphatase is detected in Western blots of both synaptic plasma membrane and synaptic junction fractions. PMID- 3900088 TI - Glucocorticoid regulation of adipocyte differentiation: hormonal triggering of the developmental program and induction of a differentiation-dependent gene. AB - We have analyzed the hormonal basis for the acceleration of differentiation by dexamethasone and insulin in the stable adipogenic cell line TA1. These cells, which were derived from 5-azacytidine-treated 10T1/2 mouse embryo fibroblasts, undergo differentiation in culture after reaching confluence. The ensuing morphological changes are accompanied by widespread alterations in the pattern of protein synthesis and the increased accumulation of specific mRNAs. Using cDNA clones corresponding to mRNAs that are induced during adipogenesis, we find that dexamethasone elicits the precocious accumulation of differentiation-specific gene products. This effect appears to be mediated by the glucocorticoid receptor, yet unlike standard steroid inductions, most of the RNAs reach the same maximal levels in the absence of dexamethasone. Glucocorticoids thus may increase the expression of a regulatory factor required for activating the entire set of differentiation-dependent genes. We also describe a gene whose transcription is not only activated during adipogenesis but is also specifically inducible by dexamethasone in the mature adipocyte. Moreover, the glucocorticoid responsiveness of this gene in differentiated cells appears to be dependent on its prior developmental activation. PMID- 3900089 TI - beta-Internexin, a ubiquitous intermediate filament-associated protein. AB - In this article we show a Triton-insoluble, intermediate filament-associated protein of approximately 70 kD to be expressed ubiquitously in diverse mammalian cell types. This protein, assigned the name beta-internexin, exhibits extreme homology in each of the various cell lines as demonstrated by identical limited peptide maps, similar mobilities on two-dimensional gels, and detection in Triton soluble and -insoluble extracts. beta-Internexin also shares some degree of homology with alpha-internexin, an intermediate filament-associated protein isolated and purified from rat spinal cord, which accounts for the immunologic cross-reactivity displayed by these polypeptides. Light microscopic immunolocalization of beta-internexin with a monoclonal antibody (mAb-IN30) reveals it to be closely associated with the vimentin network in fibroblasts. The antigen is also observed to collapse with the vimentin reticulum during the formation of a juxtanuclear cap induced by colchicine treatment. Ultrastructural localization, using colloidal gold, substantiates the affinity of beta-internexin for cytoplasmic filaments and, in addition, demonstrates its apparent exclusion from the intranuclear filament network. We examine also the resemblance of beta internexin to a microtubule-associated polypeptide and the constitutively synthesized mammalian heat shock protein (HSP 68/70). PMID- 3900091 TI - Fibroblast products adsorb to the culture substrate and stimulate growth of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. AB - Human umbilical vein endothelial cells grew with a doubling time of approximately 20 hr in medium conditioned by human diploid fibroblasts and supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, whereas the cells did not grow substantially in the non conditioned serum supplemented medium. Production of the fibroblast-derived activity required the presence of insulin, EGF, or PDGF. The fibroblast derived factor adsorbed to native culture dishes or dishes coated with gelatin and collagen. The adsorbed activity was resistant to treatment with 1% Triton X-100, and was abolished by treatment with serine proteases. Further, the extracellular matrix produced by the fibroblasts also showed growth-stimulating activity. Fibroblast-derived factors may play a role in vascularization processes during wound healing, inflammation and normal development. PMID- 3900090 TI - The effects of hepatocyte stimulating factor on fibrinogen biosynthesis in hepatocyte monolayers. AB - The biosynthesis of fibrinogen increased at least eightfold in primary hepatocytes when incubated in the presence of monocyte/macrophage-derived hepatocyte stimulating factor (HSF). The large increase in fibrinogen production is due to increased availability of the mRNAs for the protein since cytodot analysis of cellular RNA showed a 10-12-fold increase in each of the fibrinogen mRNAs. Pulse-chase experiments showed that the time for fibrinogen synthesis, assembly, and secretion was 40-50 min for both control and stimulating conditions. This indicates that the increased production was due principally to the presence of greater amounts of fibrinogen mRNA rather than translation or secretion-specific events. Three lines of evidence indicate that the increase in fibrinogen production was due to HSF effects on transcription: (a) analysis of cytoplasmic levels of each of the fibrinogen mRNAs showed that all three increased at the same rate and to the same extent, demonstrating that HSF affects the three gene products coordinately; (b) Northern gel analysis of cytoplasmic RNA isolated after very brief exposures to HSF showed increases in a large molecular weight fibrinogen RNA precursor; and (c) actinomycin D blocked the HSF stimulated increase in fibrinogen mRNA species. Furthermore, experiments in which protein synthesis was inhibited by cycloheximide failed to inhibit the increase in fibrinogen mRNAs, indicating new protein synthesis is not required for the HSF stimulation of fibrinogen mRNA. These results are consistent with our hypothesis that HSF is exerting its control of fibrinogen at the level of gene transcription. PMID- 3900092 TI - Development of heart cells in culture: studies using an affinity purified antibody to a myosin light chain. AB - Cultured neonatal rat heart cells can be used to study the factors that regulate cardiac contractility and myocyte development in vitro. An antibody to the 26,000 dalton light chain of myosin (MLC1), has been produced and purified on a Sepharose 4B affinity column prepared with rat heart myosin. When primary cultures of myocytes are studied by indirect immunofluorescence using this antibody a predictable pattern of myofibrillar structure is observed to develop over 72 h. This myosin cytoskeleton is highly organized and the myosin fibrils exhibit cross striations. The antibody does not stain non-muscle heart cells and there is no evidence for myocyte division in culture. The qualitative immunofluorescent pattern of myosin organization is the same in both spontaneously beating and in non-contracting cells. PMID- 3900093 TI - Insulin binding and vesicular ingestion in capillary endothelium. AB - Capillary endothelium can actively regulate vascular permeability of various serum proteins. Hormones such as insulin must interact with this capillary barrier in order to reach their respective target tissues. We have studied the binding and subsequent internalization of 125I-insulin in both native (freshly isolated) and primary cultured capillary endothelium derived from rat epididymal fat pads. Insulin association with the endothelium, internalization and degradation differed between freshly isolated and primary cultured capillaries. Specific binding in freshly isolated and cultured capillaries was temperature dependent, and was competitively inhibited in the presence of unlabelled insulin. Primary cultures of capillaries grown to confluence did not exhibit specific binding of insulin. Despite the lack of specific receptors for insulin, cultured cells vesicularly internalized insulin. Greater than 50% of the total associated insulin was not degraded by cultured endothelium. Morphological examinations using ferritin labelled insulin localized insulin associated to the capillary endothelial cell membrane and sequestered within pinocytotic vesicles. Incubation of freshly isolated capillaries with insulin stimulated the fluid phase endocytosis of 14C-sucrose; however, insulin had no effect on fluid phase endocytosis in cultured capillaries. These results indicate that capillary endothelium, isolated from rat epididymal fat, exhibit specific receptors for insulin. Binding of insulin to the capillary membrane is followed by internalization into cytoplasmic vesicles and partial degradation. PMID- 3900094 TI - An analysis of multiple mechanisms of adenosine toxicity in baby hamster kidney cells. AB - Analysis of the response of baby hamster kidney cells to adenosine in the presence of the adenosine deaminase inhibitor erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl) adenine has revealed two distinct mechanisms of toxicity. The first is apparent at low concentrations of adenosine (less than 5 microM) and is dependent upon the presence of a functional adenosine kinase. The initial toxicity is abolished by uridine, is unrelated to the inhibition of ribonucleotide reductase, and is accompanied by a decrease in the size of the pyrimidine nucleotide pool. Toxicity at higher concentrations of adenosine is adenosine kinase independent and is potentiated by homocysteine thiolactone. An elevation in the intracellular level of S-adenosylhomocysteine, which was observed following treatment with higher concentrations of adenosine (greater than 10 microM), is believed to mediate toxicity at these levels. Interestingly, BHK cells were resistant to intermediate levels of adenosine. The mechanism of resistance is currently unknown, but appears unrelated to a lack of inhibition of adenosine deaminase. It is proposed that substrate inhibition of adenosine kinase may be a determinant of this property. PMID- 3900095 TI - Butyrate enhances the synthesis of interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) by Y-79 human retinoblastoma cells. AB - The synthesis and secretion of interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) from Y-79 human retinoblastoma cells was investigated using immunocytochemistry and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Indirect immunofluorescence of cells growing in monolayer culture for 11 and 13 days showed no significant IRBP staining although by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, a small amount of IRBP was detected in the culture medium, suggesting synthesis and extracellular secretion. Butyrate (2mM) treatment of cells starting on the eighth day of culture resulted in a dramatic increase of IRBP fluorescence 3-5 days after treatment. Treatment of cells in all conditions with 1 microM monensin for 3 h showed concentration of IRBP in the Golgi apparatus of about 10-20% of cells as proved by a double immunofluorescent technique, employing anti-IRBP antibody and wheat-germ agglutinin. Incubation of cells with either radiolabeled amino acids or glucosamine followed by analysis of cell cytosol and culture medium by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis also confirmed that 1) IRBP is synthesized by the Y-79 cells and secreted into the medium and 2) its production is markedly increased by butyrate treatment. The enhancement of IRBP synthesis by butyrate suggests biochemical differentiation of Y-79 cells possibly into photoreceptor like cells and offers a new system for studying the properties of this unique retinoid-binding protein and of factors that control its synthesis and secretion. PMID- 3900096 TI - Effects of pulsed electromagnetic field on growth and differentiation of embryonal carcinoma cells. AB - A murine embryonal carcinoma cell line (F9) was used to examine the effect of a pulsed electromagnetic field on the growth and differentiation of malignant cells. The cells can be induced to differentiate into parietal endodermal cells by treatment with retinoic acid. The pulsed electromagnetic field (1 Gauss and 10 Gauss) promoted the growth of embryonal carcinoma cells in both the presence and absence of retinoic acid. The pulsed electromagnetic field was also found to inhibit retinoic acid-induced differentiation, when the degree of differentiation was based on morphological criteria or on the production of plasminogen activator. PMID- 3900097 TI - Investigation of adenylate energy charge, phosphorylation potential, and ATP concentration in cells stressed with starvation and heat. AB - We have attempted to determine the appropriate parameter of energy status associated with the survival of CHO fibroblasts under starvation conditions. Survival correlated well with adenylate energy charge (EC) but not so well with the phosphorylation potential or ATP concentration. Starved cells exhibited the capacity to resist (transiently) decreases in both EC and survival. A fall in EC was associated with decreased survival. Using this correlation, we subsequently investigated whether killing after thermal stress occurred by a mechanism analogous to starvation, perhaps due to inhibition of energy yielding pathways. This hypothesis proved to be false; over 99% of cells were killed before a decrease was observed in any of the parameters of energy status. Cells were, however, sensitized to heat under nutritionally deprived conditions, a finding which may be significant for tumor treatment by heat in vivo. PMID- 3900098 TI - Late G1 amino acid restriction point in human dermal fibroblasts. AB - Human dermal fibroblasts arrested in G0 by maintenance in medium supplemented with 0.1% serum were not restimulated to divide when fresh medium containing 10% dialyzed serum but lacking group B amino acids (cystine, isoleucine, lysine, phenylalanine and tyrosine) was added. Unlike rodent cells, the addition of fresh serum-supplemented medium lacking only isoleucine did not cause a growth arrest. The amino acid sensitive growth arrest in human fibroblasts was dependent both on presynchronization in G0 as well as a prestarvation for amino acids prior to stimulation with high serum. When cells were restimulated in the absence of amino acids, they arrested predominantly in G1, although a small percentage of cells entered early S phase. When medium containing a complete complement of amino acids was then added, cells initiated DNA synthesis following a minimum lag of 2 3 hr. Growth arrested cells initiated DNA synthesis even when complete unsupplemented medium was added, although the addition of high concentrations of insulin or 10% serum increased the rate of entry. PMID- 3900099 TI - DNA damage production in CHO cells at elevated temperatures. AB - Induction of DNA lesions in the nucleus of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells was observed at hyperthermic temperatures using the alkaline filter elution and the alkaline sucrose gradient sedimentation methods. These lesions were observed principally at temperatures greater than 45 degrees C with an activation energy of 140 kcal/mole. On alkaline sucrose gradients the cell genome was reduced to a 140 S or 2 X 10(8) dalton subunit of DNA independent of increasing exposure time at temperatures above 45 degrees C. The large thermal activation energy and the limited DNA size reduction suggest the possible involvement of thermal denaturation of a nuclear polypeptide in the production of these nuclear lesions. PMID- 3900100 TI - Identification of novel, stage-specific polypeptides associated with the differentiation of mammary epithelial stem cells to alveolar-like cells in culture. AB - A linear pathway of morphologically intermediate cells has been identified between the cuboidal epithelial stem cells and the doming alveolar-like cultures of the cell line Rat Mammary (Rama) 25 in the order: cuboidal----grey----dark--- dark droplet cell----doming cultures. The overall process can be accelerated by dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or retinoic acid (RA) in the presence of mammotrophic hormones. From 400-450 [35S]methionine-labeled polypeptides that are routinely separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis approximately only 3% change during this process. As the Rama 25 cultures become confluent, three polypeptides of molecular weights (MW) 35 kD (pl = 7.7), 45 kD (pl = 7.5) and 33 kD (pl = 7.7) increase dramatically in radioactive abundance. These increases correspond to increases in numbers of grey cells for the 35 kD polypeptide, to increases in numbers of dark cells together with increases in peanut lectin-binding-ability for the 45 kD polypeptide, and to increases in the numbers of dark cells and in the numbers of droplet cells for the 33 kD polypeptide. After treatment with DMSO, RA or in spontaneously doming cultures, a second set of four polypeptides of MW 26 kD (pl = 5.9), 27 kD (pl = 6.2), 30 kD (pl = 7.2), and the same 33 kD polypeptide as above increase with the increase in numbers of droplet cells, domes, and increase in casein secretion. A variant of Rama 25, Rama 259, which fails to produce droplet cells, domes, or to secrete casein with DMSO and hormones also shows the same changes in the first set but not in the second set of polypeptides. The elongated, myoepithelial-like cell line derived from Rama 25, Rama 29, which cannot undergo any of the above intercellular conversions, fails to show changes in any of these polypeptides. Major changes in radioactive polypeptides have been confirmed for nonradioactive polypeptides and for polypeptides labeled for 4 hr with [35S]methionine. The synthesis of these novel polypeptides thus marks specific morphological stages of the differentiation of mammary epithelial stem to alveolar-like cells in culture, and as such may mark similar differentiation stages in vivo. PMID- 3900101 TI - Fibrin-enhanced endothelial cell organization. AB - The formation of cloned bovine endothelial cells into capillary-like tubes is accelerated from 3-7 days to 2-18 h in the presence of fibrin. Indirect immunofluorescence showed the presence of both fibrin and fibronectin in the strands along which the cells organized. Electronmicroscopy revealed the same type of cell structures as form in the absence of fibrin; it also revealed a gradual decrease with time of the fibrin within the putative lumen. Fibrin and fibronectin are commonly present during angiogenesis in vivo, thus these in vitro observations may well have relevance to the in vivo process. PMID- 3900102 TI - Growth factor production during multistage transformation of epithelium in vitro. I. Partial purification and characterisation of the factor(s) from a fully transformed epithelial cell line. AB - Transforming growth factor (TGF)-like activity is characterised from one of a series of salivary epithelial cell lines, CSG 211, chemically transformed in vitro. In this transformation system, we can demonstrate multiple stages in the acquisition of a malignant phenotype by normal diploid ductal epithelial cells from male mouse submandibular gland. The fully transformed, tumorigenic cell TGF like activity in serum-free supernatants resembles no other well-characterised growth factor and has an apparent molecular weight (Mr) of 14 kd. There is also evidence of a higher Mr activity, which is separable by anion exchange chromatography. We show that the premalignant, nontumorigenic progenitor cells of this line do not produce demonstrable TGF-like activity and that this property is therefore acquired as CSG 211 cells become carcinoma producing. PMID- 3900103 TI - DNA synthesis in rat hepatocytes: inhibition by a platelet factor and stimulation by an endogenous factor. AB - Primary monolayer cultures of adult rat hepatocytes can be induced to undergo DNA synthesis in serum-free medium in the presence of insulin, glucagon, and epidermal growth factor (three factors). We have found that hepatocyte DNA synthesis is affected not only by an endogenous stimulant produced by the hepatocytes and released into the culture medium. Serum has a strong inhibitory effect on hepatocyte DNA synthesis. Partially purified human platelet extract ("platelet inhibitor") inhibits the three-factor-induced DNA synthesis in a concentration-dependent manner. Pure beta TGF at 0.5 ng/ml as well as HPLC purified PDGF at 10 ng/ml completely inhibit the three-factor-induced DNA synthesis. Determination of the time required for the presence of the three factors and the platelet inhibitor to exert their effects indicated that the inhibition of DNA synthesis is caused not by competition of the platelet inhibitor with any of the three factors but through an independent pathway. Hepatocyte DNA synthesis is density-dependent and is greater if medium is not changed during the course of an experiment than if medium is changed daily. Hepatocyte-conditioned medium is also affective in stimulating DNA synthesis beyond the level induced by the three factors. These results suggest that an endogenous stimulant for hepatocyte DNA synthesis is produced by the hepatocytes themselves. Our studies demonstrate that hepatocyte DNA synthesis is subject to both stimulatory and inhibitory controls. Unlike the three factors, the endogenous stimulant can overcome the inhibition by the platelet inhibitor, suggesting the importance of these factors in the physiological control of hepatocyte DNA synthesis. PMID- 3900104 TI - Morphological response of cultured cells to Naegleria amoeba cytopathogenic material. AB - Naegleria amoebae contain cytopathogenic material (NACM). The morphological response of cultured cells to this material follows a number of characteristics in common with those resulting from infectious agents. The cytopathologic changes varied depending on the strain of the cultured cells. Among those from 17 different vertebrate sources, both primary and continuous cell lines, some were destroyed completely by dilutions of NACM up to 10(-8) while others appeared unaffected by NACM at any concentration. The response had no apparent relationship to species, organ source, or passage level of the cells. The reaction was typified by a long latent period (4-10 days) during which the number of cells in the culture increased up to 10-fold, followed abruptly by a short period (less than 24 h) during which all of the cells were destroyed. The latent period was prolonged when the culture conditions were adverse, or when the amount of NACM in the inoculum was minimal. A high multiplicity of NACM in the inoculum lysed the entire culture, while dilutions near the end-point caused generalized or only focal changes of rounded cytopathic cells. The cytopathic effect could be maintained in cultured cells by serial passage, such that the total activity greatly exceeded what could be attributed to the original inoculum. These findings are consistent with the concept that NACM has properties of an infectious agent and that its quantity is enhanced and spread through the culture by cell-to-cell contact and by cell division. PMID- 3900105 TI - Immunofluorescence microscopy of microtubules in intact cell lineages of the moss, Physcomitrella patens. I. Normal and CIPC-treated tip cells. AB - Monoclonal antibodies to yeast tubulin have been used to visualize the distribution of microtubules in the intact filamentous protonemata of the moss Physcomitrella patens. Protonemata were prepared for immunofluorescence by fixation in formaldehyde and cells were made permeable with Driselase. Extensive cell files were preserved by 'blotting' the moss onto glutaraldehyde-derivatized coverslips. Problems due to fluorescence from chloroplasts were obviated by extraction with dimethyl sulphoxide and the non-ionic detergent, Nonidet NP40. These improvements allowed us to determine that microtubules were present throughout the cell cycle in the apical dome of caulonemal tip cells, that was a pronounced association of microtubules with the nucleus, that 'astral' microtubules were associated with the mitotic spindle and during anaphase may be involved in reorientation of the spindle before an oblique cytokinesis in caulonemata and that the cytokinetic phragmoplast appeared identical to the structure described for higher plants. Microtubules appeared to converge at the very tip of apical caulonemal cells and this was studied further by treating cells with CIPC--a drug that is known to produce multiple microtubule-organizing centres--and which here produces multiple foci for microtubules at the tip. These observations emphasize the involvement of microtubules in tip growth, alignment of the cell plate and nuclear migration--processes that are fundamental to the morphogenesis of filamentous organisms. PMID- 3900106 TI - Interference reflection microscopy in cell biology: methodology and applications. AB - Since its introduction into cell biology by Curtis in 1964, interference reflection microscopy (IRM) has been used by an increasing number of researchers to study cell-substrate interactions in living cells in culture. With the use of antiflex objectives, high-contrast IRM images can now be readily obtained. From the different theories on image formation in IRM that have been put forward, it can be seen that a zero-order interference pattern is generated at high illuminating numerical aperture. This yields information on the closeness of contact between cell and substrate, with only minor perturbation by reflections from the dorsal cell surface. Therefore, the proper use of illuminating apertures is crucial. Nevertheless, IRM images have to be interpreted with caution, especially under thin cytoplasmic sheets. Quantitative IRM is possible only with a mathematical model for finite illuminating aperture interferometry and with an independent measurement of cell thickness for values up to 1 micron. IRM has been applied qualitatively to a large number of cell types, and it seems that there are two universal types of adhesion. Focal contacts are small regions of closest cell-substrate apposition, possibly of immediate contact, that are associated with the distal end of actin filament bundles. They are firm attachment structures that hold the cell in place and in its spread shape. Close contacts are broad areas of reduced cell-to-substrate distance. They are weaker but highly dynamic adhesions that sustain rapid movements of cells or cell parts over the substrate. Although a number of independent observations suggest that adhesion patterns of malignantly transformed cells differ from those of their normal counterparts, there is no simple correlation between malignancy in vivo and altered contact formation in vitro. The adhesion pattern seems to be determined by the locomotory state of the cells rather than by their tissue of origin. Finally, IRM can also be used to enhance contrast in images of fixed preparations. PMID- 3900107 TI - A new vacuum-operated stress-providing instrument that applies static or variable duration cyclic tension or compression to cells in vitro. AB - An instrument providing cyclic stress to cells cultured in vitro has been developed. The unit uses a vacuum to deform a plastic Petri dish yielding 0.13% compression to cells on the inner surface, measured by strain gauge recordings. A regimen of 25 s stress and 5 min relaxation induced no significant change in synthesis of a 45 X 10(3) Mr protein that comigrates with actin, whereas a 52 X 10(3) Mr protein that comigrated with tubulin decreased from 12.7 +/- 0.451% of the total protein synthesized in control, static cells to 8.53 +/- 0.182% in stressed cells. The unit may have a broad application in monitoring biochemical changes in response to stress in cells such as muscle, lung, tendon, ligament and bone that are normally subjected to tension or compression. PMID- 3900108 TI - Mutual desmosome formation between all binary combinations of human, bovine, canine, avian and amphibian cells: desmosome formation is not tissue- or species specific. AB - Our previous work has suggested that the molecular components of desmosomes are highly conserved between different tissues and different vertebrate species. In order to determine whether the adhesion recognition mechanism of desmosomes is also conserved we have examined the specificity of desmosome formation between different epithelial cell types by co-culturing binary combinations of cells from different species and from epidermal and non-epidermal origin. The following cell types were used: human (HeLa, cervical carcinoma), bovine (Madin Darby bovine kidney, MDBK), canine (Madin Darby canine kidney, MDCK), avian (chick embryonic corneal epithelium) and amphibian (Rana pipiens, adult corneal epithelium). Different cells in co-culture were identified on the basis of at least one of the following criteria: (1) morphology by phase-contrast microscopy; (2) presence or absence of staining of cytokeratin with monoclonal antibody LE61; (3) morphology at the electron microscope level. Mutual desmosome formation between different cell types was assessed using fluorescent antibody staining with anti-desmoplakin antibodies and confirmed using electron microscopy. We have found that mutual desmosome formation occurred between all binary combinations of human, bovine, canine, avian and amphibian cells. Thus there is complete non-selectivity of desmosome formation between five different epithelial cell types from three vertebrate classes. Our results suggest that desmosome formation is not tissue- or species-specific and that the mechanism for intercellular binding involved in desmosomal adhesion is highly conserved. PMID- 3900109 TI - Nuclear activation during early germination of the higher plant embryo. PMID- 3900110 TI - Toxicology information systems: a historical perspective. AB - Toxicology information systems have evolved swiftly from early, library-based bibliographic tools to advanced packages utilizing sophisticated computer and telecommunication technologies. These systems have evolved concurrently with the rapid expansion of the science of toxicology itself. Bibliographic files such as TOXLINE represent first attempts to handle the toxicology literature through on line retrieval. Subsequent approaches applied the use of computers to provide literature-derived data, as in TDB or RTECS, or to capture data directly in the laboratory. Societal concerns about hazardous substances, manifested in legislation and regulations, have been responsible for the creation of many computerized systems. Advanced, integrated information management systems are being explored as a method of accessing a large number of independently maintained toxicology databases. Changes in information technologies such as the trend toward microcomputers and novel high-density storage devices will affect the future of toxicology information systems as will impending developments in toxicology itself related to biotechnology, analytical methodology, and alternatives to whole animal testing. PMID- 3900111 TI - [Splenic abscesses. Apropos of 3 new cases]. AB - Splenic abscess remains a rare condition which is difficult to diagnose and is usually only an autopsy finding. However, it is a serious situation despite surgical treatment which is curative for most abscesses. The authors report 3 cases of single splenic abscess seen at random over a short period of 9 months. Urinary tract infection and diabetes as favoring factors, with a clinical picture of fever, pain in the left hypochondrium and leucocytosis led to additional investigations (CT scan and echotomography) confirming the diagnosis. Splenectomy with drainage of the splenic bed, as surgical treatment, was successful in all 3 cases. PMID- 3900112 TI - [Peroperative ultrasonics and hepatic metastases]. PMID- 3900113 TI - [Hemorrhage in angioterebrant duodenal ulcers]. AB - Over half the 42 patients seen with severe hemorrhage from antioterebrant posterior duodenal ulcers were 60 years or more. Mortality is still high but has been lowered by the use of routine emergency fibroscopy and subsequent earlier operation. The preferred surgical solution is by weinberg's technique (hemostasis, vagotomy, pyloroplasty). PMID- 3900114 TI - [Subtotal gastrectomy. Comparison of various mechanical and manual suturing procedures]. AB - A retrospective study analyzed results of 59 lower pole gastrectomies conducted during the same period by the same surgeon, but using different mechanical and manual suturing procedures. Closure of the gastric slice with TA 90 failed to provoke complications and was found to be practical for adaptation to all gastrectomy procedures. Use of the mechanical suture to close the duodenal stump was unable to avoid formation of a duodenal fistula, its prevention being facilitated by gastroduodenostomy. PMID- 3900115 TI - Family and school influences on cognitive development. AB - Family and school influences on cognitive development are reviewed in terms of the empirical research findings on (i) variations within the ordinary environment; (ii) family intervention studies; (iii) the effects of abnormal environments; (iv) extreme environmental conditions; (v) variations within the ordinary school environment; and (vi) preschool and school intervention studies. It is concluded that environmental effects on IQ are relatively modest within the normal range of environments, but that the effects of markedly disadvantageous circumstances are very substantial. Cognitive development is influenced both by direct effects on cognition and by indirect effects through alterations in self concept, aspirations, attitudes to learning and styles of interaction with other people. PMID- 3900116 TI - Developmental changes in the mother-child interactions of hyperactive boys: effects of two dose levels of Ritalin. AB - The mother-child interactions of 60 hyperactive children subdivided equally into five age levels (years 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9) were studied during free play and task periods in a double-blind drug-placebo evaluation of two dose levels of Ritalin (0.3 and 0.7 mg/kg bid.) on these interactions. No effects for age or drug condition were found during free play. In contrast, age effects were significant in the task period with the children increasing their compliance and sustained attention with age. In response, mothers decreased their direction and control while increasing their passive observation of the children. Several drug effects were found during the task period, indicating that only the high dose of Ritalin produced improvements in child compliance. However, both doses resulted in decreases in mothers' controlling reactions to the child's compliance and off task behavior as well as in ratings of home behavior problems. Drug effects were essentially the same across all five age levels. The interaction patterns of hyperactive children are similar to those found in younger normal children in previous research, apparently reflecting a chronic lag in this pattern in hyperactive children that may be improved with stimulant medication. PMID- 3900117 TI - Recent developments in isotachophoresis. AB - This paper is summarizing the contributions to the analytical capillary isotachophoresis published during the period 1981-1984. It characterizes the present state of the method and covers theory, fundamental analytical aspects, instrumentation and applications. Special attention was payed to the fundamental analytical aspects, and a detailed discussion is given of the selection of electrolyte systems, stability of zones and separability of substances. The present commercial instrumentation is also briefly described. PMID- 3900118 TI - Determination of S-benzoyl captopril in human urine by capillary gas chromatography with electron-capture detection. PMID- 3900119 TI - Preparative isolation of plasmid DNA with sedimentation field flow fractionation. AB - Sedimentation field flow fractionation (SFFF) can be used to isolate plasmids preparatively from crude cellular lysates. Total purification time is about 3/4 day, including lysate preparation. The purity and yield of plasmids isolated by SFFF appear to be at least equivalent to those prepared by traditional methods. Molecular-weight data also are supplied rapidly by SFFF without the need for standards. PMID- 3900120 TI - Ambient plasma free fatty acid concentrations in noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: evidence for insulin resistance. AB - Plasma glucose, insulin, and FFA concentrations were determined in 15 normal subjects and 15 patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) from 0800 to 1600 h. Breakfast and lunch were consumed at 0800 and 1200 h, respectively, and plasma concentrations were measured at hourly intervals from 0800-1600 h. Plasma glucose concentrations between 0800 and 1600 h were significantly elevated in patients with NIDDM, and the higher the fasting glucose level, the greater the postprandial hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia in patients with NIDDM was associated with plasma insulin levels that were significantly higher (P less than 0.001) than those in normal subjects, and substantial hyperinsulinemia occurred between 0800 and 1600 h in patients with mild NIDDM (fasting plasma glucose concentrations, less than 140 mg/dl). Both fasting and postprandial FFA levels were also increased in patients with NIDDM (P less than 0.001), and the greater the plasma glucose response, the higher the FFA response (r = 0.70; P less than 0.001). However, there was no significant correlation between plasma insulin and FFA concentrations. More specifically, hyperinsulinemic patients with mild diabetes (fasting plasma glucose, less than 140 mg/dl) maintained normal ambient FFA levels, while FFA concentrations were significantly elevated in patients with severe NIDDM (fasting plasma glucose, greater than 250 mg/dl), with insulin concentrations comparable to those in normal subjects. These results demonstrate that patients with NIDDM are not capable of maintaining normal plasma FFA concentrations. This defect in FFA metabolism is proportionate to the magnitude of hyperglycemia and occurs despite the presence of elevated levels of plasma insulin. These results are consistent with the view that insulin resistance in NIDDM also involves the ability of insulin to regulate FFA metabolism. PMID- 3900121 TI - Differences in the cell surface antigens of prolactin-producing cells of human decidual and pituitary tissues. AB - Anterior pituitary cells and other endocrine cells which synthesize and release protein hormones share the cell surface ganglioside antigens A2B5 and 3G5. In addition, these peptide hormone-producing cells contain chromogranin, a major protein component of secretory vesicles. Since human decidual cells synthesize and release a PRL that has chemical and biological properties indistinguishable from those of pituitary PRL, we examined by immunochemical techniques whether decidual cells also contain cell surface antigens A2B5, 3G5, and chromogranin. In these studies, human decidual tissue from three pregnancies and human and rat pituitary tissues were processed and stained with mouse monoclonal antibodies to A2B5, 3G5, and chromogranin by indirect immunofluorescence using fluorescein conjugated sheep antimouse gamma-globulin. In all instances, the pituitary and pancreatic tissue stained strongly with the monoclonal antibodies to the cell surface antigens, but the decidual tissues from the three pregnancies did not. The pituitary and pancreatic cells also stained strongly with the monoclonal antibody (LK 2H10) to chromogranin, but the decidual tissues had no reactivity. In control experiments, the decidual tissues stained strongly with a monoclonal antibody to HLA antigens, and none of the tissues stained with nonimmune gamma globulin. These results strongly suggest that the PRL-producing cells of human decidua and pituitary have different cell surface antigens. The observation that decidual cells do not contain chromogranin is consistent with previous biochemical studies suggesting that decidual PRL is not stored in secretory granules. The differences in the subcellular localization of PRL in decidual and pituitary tissues may explain, in part, the differences in the regulation of PRL release from these tissues. PMID- 3900122 TI - Pulsatile gonadotropin secretion in women with hypothalamic amenorrhea: evidence that reduced frequency of gonadotropin-releasing hormone secretion is the mechanism of persistent anovulation. AB - Hypothalamic amenorrhea (HA) is a clinical disorder of unknown etiology. The diagnosis is made by exclusion of known abnormalities of pituitary and ovarian function. To determine if abnormalities of GnRH secretion could account for the anovulation and amenorrhea, we measured plasma gonadotropins every 20 min for 10- to 24-h periods in 19 women with HA. Ovarian steroids and gonadotropin responses to an iv bolus dose of GnRH (25 ng/kg) were also measured. The results were compared to those obtained during the early follicular (EF) and late luteal (LL) phases of ovulatory cycles in normal women. Plasma estradiol was lower (mean +/- SE, 52 +/- 5 pg/ml) than either cycle stage in normal women. Mean plasma LH was lower than EF values and FSH was higher than LL values. The amplitude of LH pulses in HA was similar to that in normal women. LH pulse frequency was the same as that present during the LL, but lower than that during the EF (HA, 4.7 pulses/12 h; EF, 7.7 pulses/12 h; P less than 0.05). In addition to the similar frequency, the patterns of LH secretion in HA resembled that of LL in that the amplitude of LH pulses was highly variable and pulses occurred at irregular intervals. Consistent changes in diurnal gonadotropin secretion were not found, and LH secretion was greater at night in 9 studies and during the day in 5 studies. Repeat studies in three patients (5-13 months later) revealed that LH pulse frequency was variable, being unchanged in 1, increased in 1, and decreased in the third patient. Thus, LH pulse frequency and, by inference, GnRH pulse frequency are similar in HA to those in the normal luteal phase despite a different steroid milieu. GnRH pulse frequency increases from the luteal to the follicular phases of normal cycles and may be important in the initiation of ovarian follicular maturation. These data suggest that the absence of cyclical gonadotropin secretion and anovulation in HA result from a decreased frequency and irregular amplitude of GnRH secretion and consequent absence of ovarian follicular maturation. PMID- 3900123 TI - In vivo insulin action in type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic pregnant women as assessed by the insulin clamp technique. AB - To determine the influence of pregnancy on insulin sensitivity in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus in more detail, a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp study was performed in six pregnant type 1 diabetic women and eight nonpregnant women with type 1 diabetes mellitus. All of the pregnant women were studied three times: in early pregnancy (mean, week 13), late pregnancy (mean, week 34), and within a week after delivery. Insulin was infused in a constant rate of 1.0 mU/kg X min, which resulted in steady state serum free insulin levels (I) of 44 +/- 3 (+/- SEM), 56.6 +/- 6, and 55 +/- 8 microU/ml in the pregnant diabetic women and 52 +/- 4 microU/ml in the nonpregnant women. Mean glucose disposal (M) was 5.6 +/ 0.3 mg/kg X min early in pregnancy and 3.4 +/- 0.5 mg/kg X min late in pregnancy (P less than 0.02). However, in the early postpartum period, M was again higher (7.2 +/- 0.7 mg/kg X min; P less than 0.02) and similar to values in early pregnancy and nonpregnant diabetic women (7.2 +/- 0.6 mg/kg X min). When tissue sensitivity to insulin was expressed as the M to I ratio, similar results were obtained (nonpregnant women, early stage of gestation, and postpartum vs. late stage of gestation: 0.13 +/- 0.01, 0.13 +/- 0.01, and 0.15 +/- 0.03 mg/kg X min per microU/ml vs. 0.06 +/- 0.1 mg/kg X min per microU/ml; P less than 0.03 in all). There tended to be an inverse relationship between serum levels of human placental lactogen and the M to I ratio during pregnancy (r = -0.74; P = 0.09). However, we found no association between changes in the impairment of insulin action and serum estradiol, progesterone, or cortisol levels. In conclusion, pregnant type 1 diabetic women have insulin resistance in peripheral tissues in the late stage of gestation. Insulin sensitivity returns to values found in nonpregnant diabetic women within the first week after delivery. PMID- 3900124 TI - Pituitary luteinizing hormone responses to intravenous and subcutaneous administration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone in men. AB - Although differences in plasma GnRH concentrations have been identified after iv and sc injection of this peptide, differences in pituitary LH responses to iv and sc GnRH have not been evaluated in detail. We studied the magnitude and contour of plasma GnRH and LH responses after low doses of iv and sc GnRH administered to men with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and compared them to LH pulses in normal men after endogenous GnRH secretion. Mean areas under the LH response curves differed significantly (P less than 0.01) after 25 ng/kg, but not 250 ng/kg, iv and sc GnRH doses. The mean time from basal to peak plasma LH concentrations was significantly longer with sc than iv GnRH (P less than 0.02). In addition, individual LH responses were more variable with sc GnRH. Intravenous administration produced greater GnRH amplitude (P less than 0.001) and area under the curve (P less than 0.005) and shorter time to peak (P less than 0.01) GnRH concentrations. When plasma LH responses of similar area and amplitude were compared, the contour of LH responses after iv GnRH more closely simulated the LH pulses in normal men. These data demonstrate that 1) significant differences exist in the amplitude, contour, and variability of plasma LH and GnRH pulses after iv and sc GnRH; and 2) iv GnRH elicits LH secretory episodes which closely resemble endogenous pulsations of normal men. These results suggest that iv GnRH administration may be preferred in physiological studies and, if the data can be extrapolated to women, may account for the greater success of ovulation induction reported with iv GnRH. PMID- 3900125 TI - Ethanol decreases glucose utilization in healthy man. AB - The effect of ethanol on glucose utilization during hyperinsulinemia was studied by the euglycemic clamp technique. Normal subjects were given 1 g ethanol/kg body weight for 210 min (oral priming dose of 0.67 g/kg followed by iv infusion of 0.33 g/kg) or 0.9% saline. Insulin infusion, started 90 min after the beginning of ethanol administration, resulted in a mean plasma insulin concentration of 87 +/- 5 (SEM) mU/liter. Plasma glucose was maintained at 5.2 mmol/liter. The rate of glucose metabolism was 23% lower during ethanol (7.1 +/- 0.1 mg/kg X min) than during the control (9.0 +/- 0.8 mg/kg X min) experiment (P less than 0.001). During hyperinsulinemia blood lactate concentrations rose in the control study but this change was abolished by ethanol. The insulin-induced fall of serum triglyceride levels was also inhibited by ethanol. It is concluded that acute intake of alcohol in moderate doses induces insulin resistance. PMID- 3900126 TI - Human follicular fluid insulin concentrations. AB - In mammals, insulin stimulates granulosa cell aromatase activity and steroid production and is a regulating factor of oocyte maturation. To assess the role of insulin in human follicular and oocyte maturation, human follicular fluid was obtained 32-36 h after hCG administration at the time of oocyte recovery for in vitro fertilization. Follicular fluid insulin levels, measured by RIA, ranged from undetectable (less than 2 microU/ml) to 65.4 microU/ml. In women treated with human menopausal gonadotropin (n = 21), clomiphene citrate (n = 4), and human menopausal gonadotropin/clomiphene citrate (n = 14), follicular fluid insulin concentrations were 18.0 +/- 4.3 (+/- SE), 10.2 +/- 4.2, and 12.0 +/- 3.8 microU/ml, respectively (P = NS). Similarly, there was no significant difference in follicular fluid insulin concentrations in follicles with mature (n = 33) or immature (n = 6) oocytes (13.3 +/- 2.7 vs. 24.7 +/- 9.5 microU/ml) or in oocytes which eventually did (n = 35) or did not (n = 4) fertilize (16.4 +/- 3.0 vs. 3.2 +/- 0.8 microU/ml). Follicular fluid insulin levels (n = 30) correlated positively with follicular fluid progesterone levels (P less than 0.05), but not with follicular fluid estradiol or androstenedione levels or the estradiol to androstenedione ratio. The relationship of follicular fluid insulin and progesterone levels suggests that, as in other mammals, follicular fluid insulin may have a physiological role in follicular maturation. PMID- 3900127 TI - Plasmid characterization of Salmonella typhimurium transmitted from animals to humans. AB - The transmission of pathogenic bacteria from animals to humans is widely studied because of its public health importance. In this study, we show the transmission of Salmonella typhimurium from cattle which had received no growth-promoting antibiotics to humans who had direct contact with the ill animals. On one cattle farm, the veterinarian attending the sick animals became ill, and two other individuals living on the farm later developed salmonellosis. The strains isolated from both humans and animals at one farm were identical as to antibiotic susceptibility and phage type, and they were specifically traced by the presence of a common 24-megadalton plasmid. Restriction enzyme digests of this plasmid from both human and animal strains were identical. At another farm, tetracycline resistant S. typhimurium strains possessing a different profile (eight plasmids) were isolated from both animals and humans. The tetracycline-resistant clone was also isolated from animals at a third farm, but with animals and humans having no known contact with those of the other two farms. PMID- 3900128 TI - Immobilization of microorganisms for detection by solid-phase immunoassays. AB - Several cultures of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria were successfully immobilized with titanous hydroxide. The immobilization efficiency for the microorganisms investigated in saline and broth media ranged from 80.2 to 99.9%. The immobilization of salmonellae was effective over a wide pH range. The presence of buffers, particularly phosphate buffer, drastically reduced the immobilization rate. However, buffers may be added to immunoassay systems after immobilization of microorganisms. The immobilization process involved only one step, i.e., shaking 100 microliter of culture with 50 microliter of titanous hydroxide suspension in polystyrene tubes for only 10 min. The immobilized cells were so tenaciously bound that vigorous agitation for 24 h did not result in cell dissociation. The nonspecific binding of 125I-labeled antibody from rabbits and 125I-labeled protein A by titanous hydroxide was inhibited in the presence of 2% gelatin and amounted to only 5.6 and 3.9%, respectively. We conclude that this immobilization procedure is a potentially powerful tool which could be utilized in solid-phase immunoassays concerned with the diagnosis of microorganisms. PMID- 3900129 TI - Clinical utility of a monoclonal direct fluorescent reagent specific for Legionella pneumophila: comparative study with other reagents. AB - Twenty-four lower respiratory tract samples taken from patients with culture confirmed Legionella pneumophila infection were examined with three different direct immunofluorescent antisera to L. pneumophila, as were 29 samples from similar sources taken from patients without Legionnaires disease. The reagents studied were Genetic Systems Corp. (GS) monoclonal L. pneumophila conjugate, which reacts with all known serogroups of L. pneumophila, BioDx polyvalent L. pneumophila serogroups 1 through 6 conjugate, and Centers for Disease Control polyvalent pool A L. pneumophila serogroups 1 through 4 conjugate. The specimens had been frozen at -70 degrees C for 0.5 to 5 years. Randomization was used in coding the samples, which were stained and read by an independent observer. All three conjugates correctly identified all positive and negative samples. No difference was noted among the conjugates in the absolute numbers of fluorescent L. pneumophila bacteria per sample. The GS conjugate had a much cleaner background than did the other two reagents. Mean staining intensity scores were 3.4, 3.9, and 3.7 for the GS, BioDx, and Centers for Disease Control conjugates, respectively. This study demonstrates that the diagnostic efficiency of all three conjugates is equivalent. Since the GS conjugate is easier to read, does not cross-react with non-L. pneumophila bacteria, and reacts with serogroups 1 through 10 of L. pneumophila, it appears to be preferable for use in diagnostic testing on nonhistopathologically processed specimens. PMID- 3900130 TI - Evaluation of Abbott Quantum II yeast identification system. AB - The identity of each of 239 yeasts, encompassing 9 genera and 30 species, was determined with the Quantum II and API 20C identification systems. With API 20C results accepted as being correct, Quantum II proved to be 92% accurate in identification of common isolates, e.g., Candida albicans and Torulopsis glabrata, but only 73% effective with less frequently encountered yeasts, e.g., Trichosporon beigelii and Rhodotorula glutinis. Overall, Quantum II was 86% as accurate as API 20C for the yeast isolates tested. In addition, physical problems were encountered in inoculation of Quantum II cartridges and in the automated reading of some biochemical tests. We conclude that Quantum II is not yet suitable for routine identification of clinical yeast isolates. PMID- 3900131 TI - Measurement of femoral torsion: comparison of standard roentgenographic techniques with ultrasound. AB - Measurement of femoral torsion by ultrasound was compared with measurements by standard roentgenographic techniques in a femoral model and in a clinical study. Magilligan, Ryder-Crane, and fluoroscopic determinations on the femoral model demonstrated acceptable interobserver and intraobserver variance. With high degrees of femoral torsion, ultrasound readings were less accurate and significantly lower than the actual angle of femoral torsion. In the clinical study, ultrasound measurements were compared with Magilligan measurements in 29 hips. Similar to the model, ultrasound readings were lower and discrepancy was greater at higher angles of torsion. PMID- 3900133 TI - Effects of dietary fat on postprandial substrate oxidation and on carbohydrate and fat balances. AB - To study the effect of dietary fat on postprandial substrate utilization and nutrient balance, respiratory exchange was determined in seven young men for 1 h before and 9 h after the ingestion of one of three different breakfasts: i.e., bread, jam, and dried meat (482 kcal: 27% protein, 62% carbohydrate, and 11% fat); bread, jam, and dried meat plus 50 g of margarine containing long-chain triglycerides (LCT); or bread, jam, and dried meat plus 40 g medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) and 10 g LCT margarine (858 kcal: 15% protein, 35% carbohydrate, and 50% fat). Plasma glucose concentrations peaked 45 min after the start of the meals. When compared with the low fat meal, the LCT margarine supplement had no effect at any time on circulating glucose and insulin concentrations, nor on the respiratory quotient. When MCTs were consumed, plasma glucose and insulin concentrations remained lower and plasma FFA concentrations higher during the first 2 h. 9 h after the breakfasts, the amounts of substrates oxidized were similar in each case, i.e., approximately 320, 355, and 125 kcal for carbohydrate, fat, and protein, respectively. This resulted in comparable carbohydrate (mean +/- SD = -22 +/- 32, -22 +/- 37, and -24 +/- 22 kcal) and protein balances (-7 +/- 9, +7 +/- 7, and -8 +/- 11 kcal) after the low fat, LCT- and MCT-supplemented test meals, respectively. However, after the low fat meal, the lipid balance was negative (-287 +/- 60 kcal), which differed significantly (P less than 0.001) from the fat balances after the LCT- and MCT-supplemented meals, i.e., +60 +/- 33 and +57 +/- 25 kcal, respectively. The results demonstrate that the rates of fat and of carbohydrate oxidation are not influenced by the fat content of a meal. PMID- 3900132 TI - Functional significance of renal prostacyclin and thromboxane A2 production in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - We have examined the urinary excretion of stable immunoreactive eicosanoids in 23 female patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 16 patients with chronic glomerular disease (CGD), and 20 healthy women. SLE patients had significantly higher urinary thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and prostaglandin (PG) E2 excretion and significantly lower 6-keto-PGF1 alpha than did healthy women. In contrast, CGD patients only differed from controls for having reduced 6-keto-PGF1 alpha excretion. The group of SLE patients with active renal lesions differed significantly from the group with inactive lesions for having a lower creatinine clearance and urinary 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and higher urinary TXB2. Higher urinary TXB2 excretion was associated with comparable platelet TXB2 production in whole blood, undetectable TXB2 in peripheral venous blood, and unchanged urinary excretion of 2,3-dinor-TXB2. A significant inverse correlation was found between urinary TXB2 and creatinine clearance rate (CCr). In contrast, the urinary excretion of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha showed a significant linear correlation with both CCr and para-aminohippurate clearance rate (CPAH). In four SLE and seven CGD patients, inhibition of renal cyclooxygenase activity by ibuprofen was associated with a significant reduction in urinary 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and TXB2 and in both CCr and CPAH. However, the average decrease in both clearances was 50% lower in SLE patients than in CGD patients, when fractionated by the reduction in urinary 6-keto-PGF1 alpha or PGE2 excretion. We conclude that the intrarenal synthesis of PGI2 and TXA2 is specifically altered in SLE. Such biochemical alterations are associated with changes in glomerular hemodynamics and may play a role in the progression of SLE nephropathy. PMID- 3900134 TI - Effects of atropine and gastric inhibitory polypeptide on hepatic glucose uptake and insulin extraction in conscious dogs. AB - Previous studies comparing the effects of oral, intraportal, and peripheral venous administration of glucose in conscious dogs demonstrated a significant increase in hepatic extraction of insulin only after oral glucose, but similar hepatic uptake of glucose after oral and intraportal glucose, which was greater than that after peripheral intravenous glucose infusion. This study evaluated the effect of atropine blockade of the parasympathetic nervous system on the increased fractional hepatic extraction of insulin and the role of gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) on augmented hepatic uptake of oral glucose in conscious dogs with chronically implanted Doppler flow probes on the portal vein and hepatic artery, and catheters in the portal and hepatic veins and carotid artery. Since atropine infusion decreased absorption of glucose, and in order to achieve comparable portal vein levels of glucose and insulin, the dogs receiving atropine were given 1.9 +/- 0.1 g/kg glucose, compared with the control dogs who received 1.1 +/- 0.1 g/kg. The percentage of the glucose load that was absorbed was greater in the dogs not given atropine (80 +/- 4 vs. 44 +/- 7%), but because of the different loads, the absolute amount of glucose absorbed was similar in both groups (20.2 +/- 1.6 vs. 21.7 +/- 4.1 g). Although delayed by atropine, the peak portal vein glucose and insulin concentrations and the amounts presented to the liver were similar in both groups. However, the increased portal vein plasma flow and fractional hepatic extraction of insulin observed after oral glucose was not observed in the dogs infused with atropine. The net hepatic glucose uptake after oral glucose was significantly less at 10, 20, and 45 min in the atropine treated dogs, and the area under the curve over the 180-min period was 44% less. However, the latter was not statistically significant. Infusion of GIP with peripheral intravenous glucose did not increase hepatic uptake of glucose or the fractional hepatic extraction of insulin compared with peripheral intravenous glucose alone. These results indicate an important role for parasympathetic innervation in the augmented fractional hepatic extraction of insulin, and increased portal vein plasma flow after oral glucose. Although a relationship between the augmented fractional extraction of insulin and the net hepatic glucose uptake may exist, it does not necessarily indicate that the former is required for the latter. Such parasympathetic innervation may be involved in the greater removal of glucose by the liver after oral compared with peripheral glucose administration. The augmented hepatic uptake of glucose and fractional hepatic extraction of insulin after oral glucose doesn not appear to be mediated by gastric inhibitory polypeptide. PMID- 3900135 TI - Interactions of insulin, insulinlike growth factor II, and platelet-derived growth factor in erythropoietic culture. AB - To examine the influence of insulin and insulinlike growth factor (IGF) on erythropoiesis, we tested their effects in human bone marrow cultures prepared with biochemically defined medium or a platelet-poor plasma-derived serum (PDS) that was depleted of hormones by adsorption to activated charcoal. Erythroid colony formation was enhanced two- to threefold by 10 ng/ml of electrophoretically pure IGF-II and 100 ng/ml of highly purified insulin (P less than 0.05). Dose-response curves for IGF-II were parallel to and shifted by one to two orders of magnitude to the left relative to those for insulin. When added together to culture, IGF-II and insulin expressed additive activities. In contrast, their activities were synergistic with those of erythropoietin and burst-promoting activity. The erythropoietic actions of IGF-II and insulin were similar in PDS and whole blood serum (WBS) containing cultures. Furthermore, when added to cultures with electrophoretically pure platelet-derived growth factor, their respective activities were synergistic. We conclude that insulin and IGF-II potentiate human marrow erythropoiesis in vitro. Their activities appear to be mediated by a similar receptor or postreceptor system. PMID- 3900136 TI - Evidence that insulin resistance is responsible for the decreased thermic effect of glucose in human obesity. AB - The thermic effect of glucose was investigated in nine obese and six lean subjects in whom the same rate of glucose uptake was imposed. Continuous indirect calorimetry was performed for 240 min on the supine subject. After 45 min, 20% glucose was infused (609 mg/min) for 195 min and normoglycemia was maintained by adjusting the insulin infusion rate. At 2 h, propranolol was infused (bolus 100 micrograms/kg; 1 microgram/kg X min) for the remaining 75 min. To maintain the same glucose uptake (0.624 g/min), it was necessary to infuse insulin at 3.0 +/- 0.6 (leans) and 6.6 +/- 1.2 mU/kg X min (obese) (P less than 0.02). At this time, glucose oxidation was 0.248 +/- 0.019 (leans) and 0.253 +/- 0.022 g/min (obese) (NS), and nonoxidative glucose disposal was 0.375 +/- 0.011 and 0.372 +/- 0.029 g/min, respectively. Resting metabolic rate (RMR) rose significantly by 0.13 +/- 0.02 kcal/min in both groups, resulting in similar thermic effects, i.e., 5.5 +/- 0.7% (leans) 5.4 +/- 0.9% (obese) (NS) and energy costs of glucose storage 0.35 +/- 0.06 and 0.39 +/- 0.09 kcal/g (NS), respectively. With propranolol, glucose uptake and storage remained the same, while RMR fell significantly in both groups, with corresponding decreases (P less than 0.05) in the thermic effects of glucose to 3.7 +/- 0.6% and 2.9 +/- 0.8% (NS) and the energy costs of glucose storage 0.23 +/- 0.04 and 0.17 +/- 0.05 kcal/g (NS) in the lean and obese subjects, respectively. These results suggest that the defect in the thermic effect of glucose observed in obese subjects is due to their insulin resistance, which is responsible for a lower rate of glucose uptake and hence decreased rate of glucose storage, which is an energy-requiring process. PMID- 3900137 TI - Pretranslational regulation of the synthesis of the third component of complement in human mononuclear phagocytes by the lipid A portion of lipopolysaccharide. AB - The third component of complement (C3) is a plasma glycoprotein with a variety of biologic functions in the initiation and maintenance of host response to infectious agents. While the hepatocyte is the primary source of plasma C3, mononuclear phagocytes contribute to the regulation of tissue availability of C3. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a constituent of cell walls of gram-negative bacteria, consists of a polysaccharide moiety (core polysaccharide and O antigen) covalently linked to a lipid portion (lipid A). Using metabolic labeling with [35S]methionine, immunoprecipitation, and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, we examined the effects of LPS on synthesis of C3 by human mononuclear phagocytes as well as synthesis of the second component of complement (C2), factor B, lysozyme, and total protein. LPS increased C3 synthesis 5-30-fold without affecting the kinetics of secretion of C3 or the synthesis of C2, lysozyme, or total protein. Factor B synthesis was consistently increased by LPS. Experiments with lipid A-inactivated LPS (alkaline treated), LPS from a polysaccharide mutant strain, and lipid X (a lipid A precursor) indicated that the lipid A portion is the structural element required for this effect. Northern blot analysis demonstrated at least a fivefold increase in C3 mRNA in LPS-treated monolayers, which suggests that the regulation of the increase in C3 synthesis is pretranslational. C2 mRNA and factor B mRNA were increased approximately twofold. The availability of specific gene products in human mononuclear phagocytes that respond to LPS should permit understanding of the molecular regulation of more complex functions of these cells elicited by LPS in which multiple gene products are coordinately expressed. PMID- 3900138 TI - Solid phase radioimmunoassay for direct measurement of human plasma oxytocin. AB - Synthetic oxytocin (OT) conjugated to bovine thyroglobulin by the carbodiimide reaction was injected into rabbits to raise a high titre, specific OT antiserum which was then coupled to microcrystalline cellulose activated by cyanogen bromide. High affinity of the coupled antiserum was defined by Scatchard analysis, Keq = 7.1 X 10(11)1/mol. Cross-reactivity studies revealed little binding of antiserum to analogues of OT. Iodination was performed by the Chloramine T method, giving specific activity of 125I-OT, range 1.1 - 1.7 X 10(3) Ci/mmol. After incubation for 40 hours under disequilibrium conditions, specific and non-specific bindings were 10.6 +/- 2.7% and 0.2 +/- 0.1% (n=15), respectively. Displacement of 50% 125I-OT occurred with 2.9 pg OT/tube. Coefficients of variation of standard OT concentrations (0.03 - 16 pg/tube) were less than 5%. Limit of detection was 2 pg OT/ml plasma. Recovery of synthetic OT added to non-pregnant plasma was 81.8% (n=34) at 20 pg/ml and 97.4% (n=32) at 100 pg/ml. Two patients, 17 and 18 weeks post-partum, had increases in plasma OT from less than 2 pg/ml to 18.3 and 16.0 pg/ml after 6 and 4 minutes breast feeding infants, respectively. We conclude that this solid phase OT radioimmunoassay is quick, relatively sensitive and reliable, and does not require prior extraction of plasma samples. PMID- 3900139 TI - Enzyme immunoassay for mabuterol, a selective beta 2-adrenergic stimulant in the trachea. AB - A sensitive double antibody and heterologous enzyme immunoassay for mabuterol was established. For competitive reactions, antibody raised against diazotized mabuterol-human serum albumin was incubated with a mixture of diazotized mabuterol analog (RC-1) labeled with beta-D-galactosidase and standard or sample. Free and antibody-bound enzyme hapten were separated using anti-rabbit IgG immobilized on polystyrene balls. Activity of the enzyme on the solid phase was fluorometrically determined. The present immunoassay allows detection of 0.5 to 100 pg/tube of mabuterol. Pharmacokinetic behavior of this agent in human plasma and urine was studied after a single oral administration (50 micrograms). The maximum level was achieved after 2-3 hrs with approximately 280 pg mabuterol /ml of plasma and the half life of mabuterol was estimated to be 19.5 hrs. Cumulative amount of mabuterol in the first 72 hrs urine was 64.3 +/- 13.2% of the administered dose. PMID- 3900140 TI - EMG biofeedback with upper extremity musculature for relaxation training: a critical review of the literature. AB - A critical review is presented of studies utilizing EMG biofeedback for relaxation of upper extremity musculature. Examined are experimental investigations with normal subjects and those with psychological problems, and clinical applications of the methodology for treatment of involuntary movements and anxiety. Articles are reviewed in terms of procedures, controls and results. It is determined that few valid conclusions can be drawn regarding the efficacy of upper extremity EMG biofeedback for relaxation and that further research is required prior to utilizing the technique clinically. Suggestions are offered for areas of investigation. PMID- 3900141 TI - Facilitating telephone number recall in a case of psychogenic amnesia. AB - In the present case study, a middle-aged woman was admitted to the hospital with no identification and no recollection of her identity. Attempts by social and police agencies to recognize, or discover some clue about the patient, were unsuccessful. The behavioral interventions of modeling, reinforcement, and progressive relaxation were designed to induce telephone dialing behavior and telephone number recall. The positive outcome of the case is discussed in terms of spontaneous remission, and the effects of relaxation therapy, a physical motoric non-verbal procedure on the recollection process of the amnesia victim. PMID- 3900142 TI - Cells which contain S-100 protein in Hodgkin's disease: a quantitative study. AB - Paraffin sections from a series of 50 lymph nodes affected by Hodgkin's disease were examined by means of the unlabelled primary antibody peroxidase antiperoxidase method to detect those cells which contained S-100 protein. In addition, 15 lymph nodes showing reactive follicular hyperplasia were studied. A simple enumeration procedure (eyepiece graticule) was used to count the number of such cells in 20 standard 25 X microscope fields. In the specimens of nodular sclerosing Hodgkin's disease many cells positive for S-100 protein were present, in contrast to the other Rye subtypes, which showed a relative paucity. By comparison, the lymph nodes showing reactive follicular hyperplasia contained a similar number of cells containing S-100 to those seen in the nodular sclerosing lymph nodes affected by Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 3900143 TI - IgG enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis: retrospective study over 15 years of transplant recipients. AB - Four commercially available Aspergillus fumigatus antigens were compared in an IgG enzyme linked immunosorbent assay by testing multiple sera from 19 patients who had received renal and hepatic allografts and who had histologically confirmed invasive aspergillosis. Raised antibody levels were found in 16 of the 19 patients. More antibody responses were detected by culture filtrate antigens, but somatic antigens often detected antibodies sooner. When antibodies to Aspergillus antigens were present before transplantation the onset of fatal disseminated infection was earlier. Antibody levels often fell to within the normal range, even in cases of fulminant disseminated infection. Repeated serology was essential for detection of an antibody response. PMID- 3900144 TI - Improved method for isolation and growth of Chlamydia trachomatis in McCoy cells treated with cycloheximide using polyethylene glycol. AB - The sensitivity of non-replicating McCoy cells pretreated with polyethylene glycol for the isolation of Chlamydia trachomatis from clinical specimens and for the growth of a laboratory strain was compared with the sensitivity of untreated non-replicating cell cultures. The concentration of polyethylene glycol in different solutions and the time of addition to the cell culture medium were critical. A concentration of 35% polyethylene glycol in barbitone added to the cell culture growth medium either immediately before or immediately after infection with chlamydia increased the number of inclusions detected. The rate of isolation obtained from clinical specimens was also increased when cell cultures treated with polyethylene glycol were used. PMID- 3900145 TI - Rapid detection of bacteraemia. PMID- 3900146 TI - New system for blood culture. PMID- 3900148 TI - The effects of piracetam in children with dyslexia. AB - Following previous research which suggests that piracetam improves performance on tasks associated with the left hemisphere, a 12-week, double-blind, placebo controlled study of developmental dyslexics was conducted. Six study sites treated 257 dyslexic boys between the ages of 8 and 13 years who were significantly below their potential in reading performance. Children were of at least normal intelligence, had normal findings on audiologic, ophthalmologic, neurologic, and physical examination, and were neither educationally deprived nor emotionally disturbed. Piracetam was found to be well tolerated in this study population. Children treated with piracetam showed improvements in reading speed. No other effects on reading were observed. In addition, improvement in auditory sequential short-term memory was observed in those piracetam-treated patients who showed relatively poor memory at baseline. It is suggested that longer term treatment with piracetam may result in additional improvements. PMID- 3900147 TI - Erythrocyte rheology. AB - Erythrocyte deformability was formerly measured by its contribution to whole blood viscosity. It is now more commonly measured by filtration of erythrocytes through, or aspiration into, pores of 3-5 microns diameter and by the measurement of shear induced erythrocyte elongation using laser diffractometry. Recent improvements in the technology for erythrocyte filtration have included the removal of acute phase reactants from test erythrocyte suspensions, ultrasonic cleaning and reuse of filter membranes, awareness of the importance of mean cell volume as a determinant of flow through 3 microns diameter pores, and the ability to detect subpopulations of less deformable erythrocytes. Measurements of erythrocyte elongation by laser diffractometry, using the Ektacytometer, are also influenced by cell size and need to be corrected for mean cell volume. These advances have greatly improved the sensitivity and specificity of rheological methods for measuring the deformability of erythrocytes and for investigating the mode of action of rheologically active drugs. PMID- 3900149 TI - A study of postmortem autolysis in the human organ of Corti. AB - Forty-six human temporal bones from 24 individuals were removed at autopsy and prepared for electron microscopy. The adequacy of histologic preservation was evaluated by light and electron microscopy. Characteristic autolytic changes included vacuolization of afferent neurons and neural poles of inner and outer hair cells, lysis of limiting membranes of hair and supporting cells, swelling of endoplasmic reticulum, and dissolution of mitochondrial cristae. The rate of autolysis varied significantly within cellular components of the inner ear. The neural poles of hair cells demonstrated more rapid autolysis than apical poles and nerve terminals showed more autolysis than myelinated nerve fibers. Postmortem time and the cause of death affected the adequacy of histologic preservation. Fixation in patients dying of pneumonia, hypoxia, head injury, or malignancy tended to be poor, whereas the fixation achieved in patients dying of cardiac disease with postmortem time of under 140 minutes was generally good. PMID- 3900150 TI - Postnatal changes in the distribution of acetylcholinesterase in kitten striate cortex. AB - We have traced the postnatal development of axons and cells in kitten striate cortex that contain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) by using a modification of Koelle's histochemical method. The maturation of AChE-positive axons was not found to be fully complete until at least 3 months of age, and was characterized by several distinct developmental trends. AChE-positive fibers in layers IVc-VI proliferate rapidly after birth until, by 4 weeks postnatal, they appear to exceed the adult density. They remain at this level as late as 8 weeks and then decrease to the adult density by 13 weeks. In contrast, the AChE-positive fibers in layer I do not show a substantial increase in density until 6 weeks of age and the adult level is not achieved before 3 months postnatal. Finally, the density of AChE-positive fibers in layers II and III appears to increase gradually from birth until the mature pattern is reached at about 6 weeks. AChE could also be localized histochemically to cell bodies whose position and appearance depended on postnatal age. Stained cells first appeared in the white matter subjacent to layer VI shortly after birth. By 2 weeks of age, most cells in layer VI were also AChE positive. The staining of these cells gradually disappears over the next 2 months until, at 3 months of age, there are no AChE-positive cells in cat striate cortex. However, a subpopulation of stained neurons appears in layer V by 1 year of age that persists throughout adulthood. The possible contributions of acetylcholine and AChE to the postnatal development of kitten striate cortex are discussed. PMID- 3900151 TI - Expression of the L11 neuropeptide gene in the Aplysia central nervous system. AB - Neuron L11 in the abdominal ganglion of Aplysia californica is thought to be both cholinergic and peptidergic. In previous studies, we isolated a cDNA clone encoding the precursor for an L11 secreted protein(s) by differentially screening an abdominal ganglion cDNA library. We now report the isolation of genomic clones encoding the L11 cDNA sequences. Analysis of these clones reveals that the gene is present in a single copy per haploid genome. RNA blotting and cDNA cloning demonstrate that the L11 gene is expressed not only in the abdominal ganglion but in the head ganglia as well. To define the positions of cells expressing this gene and to follow their processes, we raised antibodies to synthetic peptides defined by the cDNA sequence. Histochemistry revealed about 100 neurons containing immunoreactive material. These cells arborize in the neuropil and are distributed throughout the central nervous system, representing about 0.5% of the Aplysia central neurons. In addition, cells in the abdominal ganglion send processes to the mantle floor at the base of the gill via the genital and branchial nerves. Our data suggest that this network of cells expresses the single L11 peptide gene. PMID- 3900152 TI - Ontogenesis of neurons producing luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) in the nervus terminalis of the rat. AB - Immunoreactive luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) was first detected at 15 days of gestation in ganglion cells associated with the peripheral, intracranial, and central parts of the nervus terminalis of the rat. LHRH was not detected in any other structure of the central nervous system at this age. In the 17-day-old fetal rat, 62% of the total LHRH-reactive neuronal population was found in ganglion cells of the nervus terminalis. At this same age, immunoreactive beta-luteinizing hormone (beta-LH) was first seen in gonadotropes of the anterior pituitary gland. At 19 days of gestation, 31% of the total number of LHRH-reactive neurons observed in the rat brain was found in the nervus terminalis, and immunoreactive processes were first seen in the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis and in the median eminence. Our data indicate that from 15 to 19 days of gestation the nervus terminalis is a principal source of LHRH in the fetal rat. Presence of the decapeptide in the nervus terminalis prior to appearance of beta-LH in the anterior pituitary suggests a possible role for LHRH in this system on maturation of the gonadotropes and differentiation of the brain-pituitary-gonadal axis. PMID- 3900153 TI - Immunocytochemical localization of a methionine-enkephalin-resembling neuropeptide in the central nervous system of the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana L. AB - Using the peroxidase antiperoxidase immunocytochemical method, we were able to demonstrate within the brain and retrocerebral complex of Periplaneta americana several neuronal structures which were very specifically stained with an anti methionine-enkephalin antiserum. From the precise localization of this immunoreactive material some speculations about its possible functions could be derived, such as a neurotransmitter- or neuromodulatorlike function and/or a neurohormonal role. These data present new evidence for the recently developed concept that opiate peptides, identical or related to those found in higher species, occur also in invertebrates. PMID- 3900154 TI - Glial fibrillary acidic (GFA) protein in vertebrates: immunofluorescence and immunoblotting study with monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. AB - We report a comparative immunofluorescence and immunoblotting study of GFA protein, the subunit of glial filaments, in nonmammalian vertebrates. The study was conducted with polyclonal antibodies raised to human and shark antigen and with monoclonal antibodies isolated from mice immunized with chicken and bovine antigen. With the exception of cyclostomes, glial filaments appeared remarkably conserved in vertebrate phylogeny, both with respect to the molecular weight and immunoreactivity of their protein subunit. In most species, the antibodies decorated a single band in brain, spinal cord, and optic nerve extracts by the immunoblotting procedure. This band had the same molecular weight in the different CNS regions. With the exception of the turtle, species differences in the molecular weight of the band were not greater than those observed among mammalian vertebrates (human, bovine, and rat). However, there were some exceptional findings in fish. In goldfish and trout brain and spinal cord extracts, the antibodies decorated with the same intensity two bands. In accordance with previous immunofluorescence findings, goldfish optic nerve extracts were negative by the immunoblotting procedure. In four fishes (sea bass, tautog, trout, and scup), optic nerves reacted with the antibodies. However, the band decorated by the antibodies was higher in molecular weight than that obtained from brain and spinal cord extracts. Glial fibers were demonstrated by immunofluorescence in the brain, spinal cord, optic nerve, and retina of most species studied. In amphibia immunofluorescent structures were comparatively few, probably accounting for the negative results by immunoblotting. A comparative immunohistological study of the cerebellum showed the presence of perpendicular glial fibers in the molecular layer of most species examined. Birds and amphibia were different in this respect. Bergmann glia in chicken were GFA negative. In the frog and the toad, immunofluorescent fibers in the molecular layer of the cerebellum were haphazardly oriented. Ependymal radial glia was GFA-negative in the cerebellum of subavian vertebrates. Antisera raised in rabbit to shark GFA protein reacted with the same bovine GFA fragments recognized by polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies raised to human and bovine antigens, respectively, i.e., 30 kDa N-bromosuccinimide fragment (tryptophan cleavage); 35-kDa 2-nitro-5 thiocyanobenzoic acid fragment (cysteine cleavage); 18-kDa cyanogen bromide fragment (methionine cleavage). Conversely, the chicken GFA monoclonal antibodies selected for this study only reacted with noncleaved protein. PMID- 3900155 TI - Topical minoxidil in early male pattern baldness. AB - One-hundred twenty-six healthy men with early male pattern baldness completed a 12-month double-blind, controlled trial of 2% and 3% topical minoxidil. Subjects were initially randomly assigned to use placebo or 2% or 3% topical minoxidil. After 4 months of study, the placebo group was crossed over to 3% topical minoxidil. Both objective measurement of hair growth by counting of vellus, terminal, and total hairs in a vertex target balding area and subjective assessment by subject and investigator were done. Treatment of subjects with topical minoxidil for 4 months resulted in a statistically significant increase in terminal hair growth in comparison with placebo therapy. In addition, subjects initially treated with placebo, when crossed over to topical minoxidil, showed a significant increase in the number of terminal hairs. No subject had a net hair loss in the target area during the study. These results indicate that topical minoxidil can increase terminal hair growth in early male pattern baldness. PMID- 3900156 TI - Coexistence of psoriasis vulgaris and bullous diseases. AB - The coexistence of psoriasis vulgaris and bullous diseases has been described in the literature, mainly with bullous pemphigoid. In the majority of cases the bullous eruption has been thought to be related to antipsoriatic treatment. We describe nine cases of psoriasis vulgaris that were associated with bullous diseases: five bullous pemphigoid, one cicatricial pemphigoid, and three pemphigus vulgaris. The association between psoriasis vulgaris and these bullous diseases may be explained on an immunologic basis. PMID- 3900157 TI - Hereditary epidermolysis bullosa. AB - Hereditary epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a group of disorders of skin characterized by formation of blisters following minor trauma. There are at least sixteen types of hereditary EB. These types are reviewed in this article. There are several classifications of hereditary EB, and they are discussed, as well as current ideas on pathogenesis. Last, the treatment of this often recalcitrant group of diseases is discussed. PMID- 3900158 TI - Glucogenic and hormonal responses to abomasal casein and ruminal volatile fatty acid infusions in lactating goats. AB - To determine responses to abomasal protein infusion and ruminal acetate: propionate ratios, four lactating Toggenburg goats fed hourly a 70% roughage and 30% concentrate diet were used in a Latin-square design with a factorial arrangement of treatments. Either acetate or propionate was infused ruminally and casein or saline infused abomasally. Estimated net energy and volume of the infusates were similar for all treatments. To examine the effects of treatments on glucose metabolism, 2-carbon-14 propionate was infused ruminally and 6 hydrogen-3 glucose was infused intravenously for 9 and 5 h, respectively. Although glucose concentration in plasma was higher and propionate turnover greater with propionate treatment, percentage of glucose derived from propionate, amount of propionate coverted to glucose, and glucose turnover remained unchanged. No differences in glucose metabolism due to the abomasal casein infusion were evident. To determine the effects of treatment on insulin, glucagon, growth hormone, and prolactin in plasma, samples were collected at 10 min intervals for 3 h at 0400 and 1600 h. No diurnal variation or consistent peaks were observed for any of the hormones nor were treatment effects on plasma concentrations of insulin, growth hormone, or prolactin evident. Glucagon concentration was higher with casein treatment; however, no relationship existed between glucagon in plasma and glucogenic parameters measured. PMID- 3900159 TI - Control of new intramammary infection at calving by prepartum teat dipping. AB - Cows were subjected to teat dipping in a commercial iodophor germicide twice daily for at least 7 days immediately before calving to assess efficacy of the practice in reducing new intramammary infection at calving. In a cold season and in a warm season, groups of about 35 cows successively calving were treated and were compared with similarly sized and selected control groups. There were no advantages for teat dipped over control cow groups for incidence of new intramammary infections at calving, for new infections that persisted for longer than 14 days after calving, or for new infections that required antibiotic therapy. Incidence of new infection in warm weather (27.3% of quarters) was twice that in cool weather (13.6%). The most frequently isolated pathogens were coagulase-negative staphylococci and Streptococcus uberis. Staphylococcus aureus infections were most likely to persist into the new lactation (83%) than were infections by other pathogens (38 to 57%). PMID- 3900160 TI - Internally reinforced porcelain crowns for immature teeth. AB - Two case reports illustrate situations where Deckgold crowns have been successful. Very thin porcelain crowns are extremely reliable, functionally and aesthetically, in immature teeth. PMID- 3900161 TI - The restoration of the mutilated dentition. PMID- 3900162 TI - Dental materials: 1982 literature review. Part 2. PMID- 3900163 TI - Assessment of oral mucosal changes in patients treated with different metallic restorations and prostheses. PMID- 3900164 TI - An anatomical anomaly of the lingual border of the mandibular impression. PMID- 3900165 TI - AIDS: a problem for intensive care. PMID- 3900166 TI - Moxalactam in nosocomial infections with Serratia marcescens. AB - Ten critically ill patients presenting with nosocomial infection caused by Serratia marcescens (SM) not responding to prior chemotherapy were treated in an open study with Moxalactam (MOX) alone [6] or in combination with an aminoglycoside [4]. In initial disc diffusion tests, all isolates of SM were highly susceptible to MOX. Clinically, three patients were cured and four improved. Three patients died: one from SM pneumonia, one from gangrenous cholecystitis and another from ARDS. Bacteriologically, SM were eliminated from blood cultures in all seven patients with septicemia but were recovered post mortem from the lung of one patient. In three cases with localized infection, SM were eliminated once and persisted twice. Selection of resistant SM was observed in three patients but became clinically relevant in one case only. Resistant SM strains also showed reduced susceptibility to other cephalosporins and aminoglycosides. Emergence of enterococci occurred four times, in two cases with clinical consequences. MOX is a useful drug for the treatment of SM infections, but a definite risk of selecting multiresistant SM strains and of enterococcal overgrowth must be kept in mind. PMID- 3900167 TI - Tracheal and alveolar gas composition during low-frequency positive pressure ventilation with extracorporeal CO2-removal (LFPPV-ECCO2R). AB - Tracheal and alveolar gas composition was studied by mass spectrometry in a patient with severe ARDS treated by low frequency positive pressure ventilation/extracorporeal CO2-removal (LFPPV-ECCO2R). Measured alveolar gas concentrations were compared with values derived from standard respiratory equations. As a result we found that during LFPPV-ECCO2R with a constant endotracheal O2-flow, alveolar gas composition cannot be predicted reliably from standard equations. The reasons for this finding are discussed. We conclude that monitoring of alveolar gas composition by mass spectrometry is of great value during LFPPV-ECCO2R if PAO2, P(A-a)O2 and Qva/Qt are to be determined correctly. PMID- 3900168 TI - Pulmonary complications following endotracheal intubation for anesthesia in breech extraction. AB - A 28-year-old, healthy pregnant patient developed bilateral pneumothorax, subcutaneous emphysema, pneumomediastinum, pneumoretroperitoneum and pneumoperitoneum following endotracheal intubation and manual ventilation during general anesthesia for breech extraction. It is likely that positive-pressure ventilation was the cause for this very rare combination of complications. Early recognition and treatment may prevent such a catastrophe. PMID- 3900169 TI - Non-pharmacologic management of pain in the person with cancer. AB - Management of pain in the person with cancer is a high priority in nursing. Although the actual incidence and severity is not well documented, pain may be experienced at some point by the majority of persons with cancer. Pharmacologic management, by itself, is often not adequate. Nurses must become familiar with non-pharmacologic interventions, to be used alone or in combination with analgesics, for the successful management of cancer pain. This paper discusses various non-pharmacologic options and includes a nursing protocol. More research is warranted to better define those most likely to benefit from these interventions. PMID- 3900170 TI - The presidents. Oren Austin Oliver 1941-1942. PMID- 3900171 TI - Cyclosporine-induced gingival hyperplasia: case report and literature review. AB - A case of gingival hyperplasia was related to the use of cyclosporine for the prevention of renal allograft rejection. With the increasing use of cyclosporine to protect allograft organ transplants, general dentists and dental specialists increasingly will be called on to diagnose and treat gingival hyperplasia. PMID- 3900172 TI - Dentistry on stamps. PMID- 3900173 TI - Dentistry on stamps. PMID- 3900174 TI - Dentistry on stamps. PMID- 3900175 TI - Dentistry on stamps. PMID- 3900177 TI - Timepieces. Continuum. PMID- 3900176 TI - Report on base metal alloys for crown and bridge applications: benefits and risks. Council on Dental Materials, Instruments, and Equipment. AB - Despite the widespread use of nickel-based alloys, claims for the safety of these alloys have not yet been accepted universally. The allergenic effects of nickel on dental patients and the potential toxic effects of nickel and beryllium on laboratory technicians continue to cause concern within the dental profession. The systemic response to metallic nickel and nickel compounds as a result of intraoral corrosion and dissolution of nickel-based restorations over extended periods have not been studied adequately. The dental profession may be overgeneralizing the relative safety of nickel alloys because of the lack of allergy-induced intraoral lesions observed in private practices. Additional animal studies are needed to characterize the acute and chronic toxicities of nickel compounds. The potential for dermatologic and systemic effects that may occur in patients and dental personnel because of exposure to cobalt alloys must not be overlooked. Although sensitivity reactions may be of some concern, the toxicity potential of cobalt-chromium alloys appears to be insignificant. Little research has been done to determine the carcinogenic potential of nickel in dental laboratory technicians. In addition, animal and human studies are needed to determine the effect of nickel and beryllium exposure on the reproductive system. In the interim, specific equipment and facilities that minimize dust and vapor exposure to dental technicians should be identified to reduce airborne concentrations of nickel and beryllium in commercial dental laboratories to levels well below those established by the Occupational Health and Safety Administration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3900178 TI - The presidents. J. Ben Robinson 1942-1943. PMID- 3900179 TI - Effects of calorie restriction and weight loss on glucose and insulin levels in obese humans. AB - The relative contributions of weight loss vs calorie restriction in the improvement of glucose tolerance in obese subjects has not been well studied. We measured fasting and stimulated glucose and insulin levels in seven obese subjects at 4 time periods: on a regular diet before weight loss, on a very low calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) after 4 days and after 6 weeks, and after 4 days back on a regular diet. Fasting glucose and insulin levels fell significantly after only 4 days of calorie restriction and did not change after 6 weeks. With return to a regular diet, these levels rose toward baseline even through body weight remained well below baseline. Stimulated glucose and insulin levels during an insulin tolerance test, intravenous glucose tolerance test, and standard meal demonstrated a similar pattern, although the changes due to either diet or weight loss were minimal. We conclude that calorie restriction has a greater effect on glucose and insulin levels than does weight loss in obese subjects who are losing weight. PMID- 3900180 TI - Plasma glucose and insulin profiles in normal subjects ingesting diets of varying carbohydrate, fat, and protein content. AB - The 12-hr profiles of plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in 26 normal subjects ingesting a diet high in carbohydrate, protein, or fat have been determined. The diets were isocaloric and were given as three identical meals 4 hrs apart. In males the high carbohydrate diet resulted in glucose profiles similar to those obtained with the standard diet. In females the peak glucose concentration also was not increased but the glucose concentration remained elevated longer after each meal. In both groups the insulin curves followed the glucose curves. The post-meal glucose and insulin areas were significantly increased in the female group. The high protein diet resulted in only a small post-meal glucose rise particularly later in the day in both males and females. However, there was a sharp rise in insulin concentration after each meal. The total insulin area after each meal was nearly as great as with the standard diet. The high fat diet, which contained approximately the same carbohydrate content as the high protein diet, induced a clear increase in glucose concentration after each meal in the female group. However, the peak was progressively delayed with each meal. The insulin curves followed the glucose curves. In males a small, prolonged post-meal increase in glucose was observed after each meal. The insulin concentration increased modestly after the first meal and then remained elevated and changed little after the subsequent meals. These data help to define the glucose and insulin responses to meals varying greatly in protein, carbohydrate, and fat content and further indicate the need to consider the response of males and females separately. PMID- 3900181 TI - Effect of low-carbohydrate diets high in either fat or protein on thyroid function, plasma insulin, glucose, and triglycerides in healthy young adults. AB - A low-carbohydrate diet, frequently used for treatment of reactive hypoglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and obesity may affect thyroid function. We studied the effects of replacing the deleted carbohydrate with either fat or protein in seven healthy young adults. Subjects were randomly assigned to receive seven days of each of two isocaloric liquid-formula, low-carbohydrate diets consecutively. One diet was high in polyunsaturated fat (HF), with 10%, 55%, and 35% of total calories derived from protein, fat, and carbohydrate, respectively. The other was high in protein (HP) with 35%, 30%, and 35% of total calories derived from protein, fat, and carbohydrate. Fasting blood samples were obtained at baseline and on day 8 of each diet. A meal tolerance test representative of each diet was given on day 7. The triiodothyronine (T3) declined more (P less than .05) following the HF diet than the HP diet (baseline 198 micrograms/dl, HP 138, HF 113). Thyroxine (T4) and reverse T3 (rT3) did not change significantly. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) declined equally after both diets. The insulin level was significantly higher 30 minutes after the HP meal (148 microU/ml) than after the HF meal (90 microU/ml). The two-hour glucose level for the HP meal was less, 85 mg/dl, than after the HF meal (103 mg/dl). Serum triglycerides decreased more after the HF diet (HF 52 mg/dl, HP 67 mg/dl). Apparent benefits of replacing carbohydrate with polyunsaturated fat rather than protein are less insulin response and less postpeak decrease in blood glucose and lower triglycerides. The significance of the lower T3 level is unknown. PMID- 3900182 TI - Clonidine benefits children with attention deficit disorder and hyperactivity: report of a double-blind placebo-crossover therapeutic trial. PMID- 3900183 TI - Development of pediatrics and family practice from a historical perspective. Lessons for geriatrics. PMID- 3900184 TI - Utilization of alternative species for toxicity testing: an overview. PMID- 3900185 TI - Intravenous digital subtraction angiography. PMID- 3900186 TI - Hypertrophic bullous lichen planus. AB - Lichen planus is usually characterized by distinctive morphologic features and consequently does not create dilemmas in diagnosis. At times, variations in the clinical presentation can make diagnosis difficult. The author describes a variant form of lichen planus in a black female with the primary lesions beginning on the foot. PMID- 3900187 TI - [Ultrasound in gynecology and obstetrics]. PMID- 3900188 TI - Fetal insulin and placental 3-O-methyl glucose clearance in near-term sheep. AB - It is difficult, if not impossible, to measure the placental transfer of glucose directly because of placental glucose consumption and the low A-V glucose difference across the sheep placenta. We have approached the problem of quantifying placental hexose transfer by using a nonmetabolized glucose analogue (3-O-methyl glucose) which shares the glucose transport system. We have measured the clearance by using a multisample technique permitting least squares linear computing to avoid the errors implicit in the Fick principle. The placental clearance of 3-O-methyl glucose was measured in the control condition and after the administration of insulin to the fetal circulation. A glucose clamp technique was used to maintain constant transplacental glucose concentrations throughout the duration of the experiment. A control series was performed in which the only intervention was the infusion of normal saline. In these experiments the maternal and fetal glucose concentrations remained constant as did the volume of distribution of 3-O-methyl glucose in the fetus. The maternal insulin concentration remained constant and fetal insulin concentration changed from 11 +/- 2 microU/ml to 355 +/- 51 microU/ml (P less than 0.01). In the face of this large increase in fetal plasma insulin, there was no change in the placental clearance of 3-O-methyl glucose. In the control condition the clearance was 14.1 +/- 1.0 ml/min per kg and this was 13.8 +/- 1.0 ml/min per kg in the high insulin condition. Fetal insulin may change placental glucose flux by decreasing fetal plasma glucose concentrations but does not do so by changing the activity of the glucose transport system. PMID- 3900189 TI - The effect of avascular necrosis on Russe bone grafting for scaphoid nonunion. AB - This article reports a prospective study of 45 patients with nonunion of the scaphoid treated with Russe bone grafting. The operative procedure contains modifications in the technique made by Russe subsequent to his 1960 article. The results strongly support Russe's contention that his operation is not likely to be successful if the proximal pole is totally avascular. Twenty-four (92%) of 26 patients with good vascularity in the proximal pole achieved solid union. In patients in whom the vascularity of the proximal pole was spotty or diminished, the rate of union dropped to 71% (10 of 14). Most important, none of the five patients in whom the proximal pole was totally avascular achieved successful union. True avascular necrosis is best determined by punctate bleeding points in cancellous bone found at operation, and cannot be accurately predicted by the appearance of preoperative radiographs. PMID- 3900190 TI - Corset liver. AB - We describe four patients with a benign hepatic malformation most consistent with the rarely described anomaly known as corset liver. Three of these patients were extensively evaluated to rule out a malignancy because of an abdominal mass. These patients illustrate several features which may help in making the diagnosis and avoiding unnecessary surgery. PMID- 3900191 TI - Eosinophilic peritonitis: an unusual manifestation of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. AB - Eosinophilic ascites is an uncommon clinical entity with diagnostic considerations separate from those of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP). We describe a man with documented E. coli SBP with an 80% eosinophilia in peritoneal fluid (total cell count 12,400/mm3) and no peripheral eosinophilia. Antimicrobial therapy resulted in both clinical improvement and resolution of the eosinophilia in the ascitic fluid. The possible role of associated medications and the potential importance of this syndrome are discussed. PMID- 3900192 TI - Localization of Met-enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8-like immunoreactivity in the gastrointestinal tract of rat and pig. AB - One of the opioid precursor molecules, pre-pro-enkephalin A, contains within it, in addition to Leu-enkephalin (Leu-Enk) and Met-enkephalin (Met-Enk), Met enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8 (Met-Enk-8), which is specific to this precursor. This study deals with the localization of Met-Enk-8-like immunoreactivity in the gastrointestinal tract of rat and pig. Immunoreactivity was identified in intramural nerve elements of rat and pig, and in gut endocrine cells of pig. Immunoreactive (IR) nerve fibers were seen mainly in the myenteric plexus of rat and in both the myenteric and submucosal plexuses of pig. Some IR fibers were dispersed throughout the lamina propria mucosae of rat. Porcine IR endocrine cells were dispersed in the epithelium from the pyloric antrum to the ileum, existing concomitantly with enterochromaffin (EC) cells. Specificity tests revealed that immunoreactivity to Met-Enk-8 antiserum was not influenced by preincubation of the antiserum with Leu-Enk and Met-Enk. This suggests the possibility that pre-pro-enkephalin A is contained in the gastroenteric nerves of rat and pig and in a population of porcine EC cells. PMID- 3900193 TI - Ultrastructural localization of immunoreactive neurophysins using monoclonal antibodies and protein A-gold. AB - Using three different monoclonal antibodies against rat neurophysins (5), with protein A-gold as immunocytochemical marker (27), the murid hypothalamoneurohy pophysial system was studied at the ultrastructural level. Postembedding staining was done on epoxy-embedded sections of supraoptic nuclei and posterior pituitaries. Specific immunolabeling of vasopressinergic and oxytocinergic neurosecretory granules was observed in tissues fixed with glutaraldehyde or glutaraldehyde mixtures (containing paraformaldehyde and picric acid), with or without osmium tetroxide postfixation and with or without sodium metaperiodate oxidation. Some autophagic vacuoles containing lysed neurosecretory granules were also neurophysin immunoreactive. Nonspecific background staining was extremely low. An attempt was made to appraise labeling intensities semiquantitatively by counting gold particles in relation to number of secretory granules per axonal varicosity. Immunoreactivity was measurably influenced by the mode of fixation, sodium metaperiodate oxidation, and titer and affinity of the antibody. The protein A-gold technique using monoclonal antibodies against neurophysins provides a superior means of ultrastructural analysis of the hypothalamoneurohypophysial system, both visually and morphometrically. PMID- 3900194 TI - Ultrastructure and energy-dispersive x-ray microanalysis of cartilage after rapid freezing, low temperature freeze drying, and embedding in Spurr's resin. AB - In order to undertake meaningful high-resolution x-ray microanalysis of tissues, methods should be used that minimize the introduction of artefacts produced by loss or translocation of ions. The most ideal method is rapid freezing but the subsequent sectioning of frozen tissues is technically difficult. An alternative method is to freeze dry the tissues at a low temperature, and then embed them in resin. This facilitates the rapid production of reproducible thin sections. With freeze-dried, embedded hypertrophic cartilage, the morphology was similar to that seen using aqueous fixatives even when no additional electron density is introduced by the use of osmium vapor. Energy-dispersive analysis of specific areas show that little or no loss or migration of ions occurs from structures such as mitochondria. Mitochondrial granules consisting of calcium and phosphorus precipitates were not observed except where the cells were damaged as a result of the freezing process. This may suggest that these granules only appear when tissue is damaged because of inadequate preservation. PMID- 3900195 TI - Localization of glucagon-like peptide (GLP) immunoreactants in human gut and pancreas using light and electron microscopic immunocytochemistry. AB - The distribution of peptide immunoreactivities predicted from the sequence of the human preproglucagon gene in enteroglucagon (EG; glicentin-like immunoreactant containing) cells of the human gut and A cells of the pancreas has been determined by light and electron microscopic immunocytochemistry. At light microscopy the application of peroxidase-antiperoxidase and immunogold-silver staining methods has revealed that glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1 and GLP-2) immunoreactivities coexist with a glicentin-related immunodeterminant in human colorectal EG cells and pancreatic A cells. Using single and double colloidal gold probe electron immunocytochemistry, we have been able to show the coexistence of glicentin, GLP-1, and GLP-2 immunoreactivities within single EG cell secretory granules. No morphologic segregation of the proglucagon immunoreactants was observed in EG cells of the colonic mucosa. In pancreatic A cells we have localized GLP-1, GLP-2, and glucagon-[16-29] immunoreactivities solely to the electron-dense core of the secretory granules, whereas glicentin related immunoreactivity was restricted to the electron-lucent halo. The results obtained in the present study have shown that the peptide immunoreactivities predicted from cDNA sequencing of the human preproglucagon gene are indeed expressed in colorectal EG and pancreatic A cells. The topographical segregation of immunoreactivities in the A cell secretory granule shows that antigenic determinants derived from the C-terminal portion of proglucagon are stored with glucagon in the core of the secretory granule. PMID- 3900196 TI - Identification of gastrin-producing cells in cell cultures and smears: an avidin biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC) technique. AB - A method is described that uses the avidin-biotin complex (ABC) immunoperoxidase technique to provide a rapid, sensitive, and specific means to quantitate isolated G cells in cultures and suspensions. PMID- 3900197 TI - Human cytotrophoblast populations studied by monoclonal antibodies using single and double biotin-avidin-peroxidase immunocytochemistry. AB - Single and double biotin-avidin-peroxidase immunocytochemical methods in conjunction with an anti-trophoblast monoclonal antibody 18B/A5 and an anti-HLA A,B,C monoclonal antibody W6/32 were used to study various human trophoblast populations. Several combinations of peroxidase substrates were tried in the double-labeling procedure. It was concluded that the use of 4-chloro-1 naphthol to develop the primary sequence peroxidase and of 3-amino-9-ethyl carbazole for the second sequence peroxidase was the most suitable. The significant findings were: Monoclonal antibody 18B/A5 proved to be a useful marker for villous as well as nonvillous trophoblast, which facilitated the identification of these cells particularly in the placental bed. The expression of MHC Class I antigens was not confined to extravillous trophoblast but these antigens were also demonstrable on the villous cytotrophoblast proliferating to form new primary villi. Double labeling revealed that many of these cells, particularly those furthest away from the mesenchymal core, expressed both trophoblast and HLA antigens as shown by a mixing of the colors produced by the two reaction products. A large number of these HLA-A,B,C, positive trophoblast cells were found to infiltrate deep into the uterine myometrium. The hypothesis was put forward that these fetal cells could be the ones that are responsible for maternal sensitization. PMID- 3900198 TI - Quest for Korotkoff. PMID- 3900199 TI - A study of urinary sodium and potassium excretion rates among urban and rural Zulus and Indians. AB - A study was carried out to evaluate the relationship between blood pressure, plasma renin activity, serum aldosterone and patterns of urinary sodium and potassium excretion rates in urban Zulus, rural Zulus and Indians in order to explain the high prevalence of hypertension in the urban adult Zulu (25%) compared to the rural adult Zulu (10%). Urinary sodium and potassium were not significantly different between urban and rural Zulus. There was no association between sodium excretion and blood pressure. Urinary potassium correlated negatively with blood pressure in rural Zulus and Indians but not in urban Zulus. The urinary sodium:potassium ratio was significantly lower in rural Zulus than in urban Zulus. The sodium:potassium ratio of Indians was not significantly different from that of Zulus. Plasma renin activity levels were significantly lower in urban than in rural Zulus. This difference is an enigma but may be due to an environmental factor. Serum aldosterone correlated positively with plasma renin activity and negatively with the urinary sodium:potassium ratio. PMID- 3900200 TI - Qualitative and quantitative studies of antigen-presenting cell function by using I-A-expressing L cells. AB - I-A-expressing transfected murine L cells were analyzed as model antigen presenting cells. Four features of accessory cell function were explored: antigen processing, interaction with accessory molecules (LFA-1, L3T4), influence of Ia density, and ability to stimulate resting, unprimed T lymphocytes. I-A+ L cells could present complex protein antigens to a variety of T cell hybridomas and clones. Paraformaldehyde fixation before but not subsequent to antigen exposure rendered I-A+ L cells unable to present intact antigen. These results are consistent with earlier studies that made use of these methods to inhibit "processing" by conventional antigen-presenting cells. The ability of anti-L3T4 antibody to inhibit T cell activation was the same for either B lymphoma or L cell antigen-presenting cells. In striking contrast, anti-LFA-1 antibody, which totally blocked B lymphoma-induced responses, had no effect on L cell antigen presentation, measured as interleukin 2 (IL 2) release by T hybridomas, proliferation, IL 2 release, or IL 2 receptor upregulation by a T cell clone. I A+ L cell transfectants were found to have a stable level of membrane I-A and I-A mRNA, even after exposure to interferon-gamma-containing T cell supernatants. In agreement with earlier reports, a proportional relationship between the (Ia) X (Ag) product and T cell response was found for medium or bright I-A+ cells. However, dull I-A+ cells had a disproportionately low stimulatory capacity, suggesting that there may be a threshold density of Ia per antigen-presenting cell necessary for effective T cell stimulation. Finally, I-A-bearing L cells were shown to trigger low, but reproducible primary allogeneic mixed lymphocyte responses with the use of purified responder T cells, indicating that they are capable of triggering even resting T cells. These studies confirm the importance of antigen processing and I-A density in antigen-presenting cell function, but raise questions about the postulated role of the LFA-1 accessory molecule in T cell-antigen-presenting cell interaction. They also illustrate the utility of the L cell transfection model for analysis and dissection of antigen-presenting cell function. PMID- 3900201 TI - Two subpopulations of stem cells for T cell lineage. AB - An assay system for the stem cell that colonizes the thymus and differentiates into T cells was developed, and by using this assay system the existence of two subpopulations of stem cells for T cell lineage was clarified. Part-body-shielded and 900-R-irradiated C57BL/6 (H-2b, Thy-1.2) recipient mice, which do not require the transfer of pluripotent stem cells for their survival, were transferred with cells from B10 X Thy-1.1 (H-2b, Thy-1.1) donor mice. The reconstitution of the recipient's thymus lymphocytes was accomplished by stem cells in the donor cells and those spared in the shielded portion of the recipient that competitively colonize the thymus. Thus, the stem cell activity of donor cells can be evaluated by determining the proportion of donor-type (Thy-1.1+) cells in the recipient's thymus. Bone marrow cells were the most potent source of stem cells, the generation of donor-derived T cells being observed in two out of 14 recipients transferred with as few as 1.5 X 10(4) cells. The stem cell activity of spleen cells was estimated to be about 1% of that of bone marrow cells, and no activity was found in thymus cells. By contrast, when the stem cell activity was compared between spleen and bone marrow cells of whole-body-irradiated (800 R) C57BL/6 mice reconstituted with B10 X Thy-1.1 bone marrow cells by assaying in part-body shielded and irradiated C57BL/6 mice, the activity of these two organs showed quite a different time course of development. Spleen cells showed a markedly high level of activity 7 days after the reconstitution, followed by a decline, whereas the activity of bone marrow cells was very low on day 7 and increased crosswise. The results strongly suggest that the stem cells for T cell lineage in the bone marrow comprise at least two subpopulations, spleen-seeking and bone marrow seeking cells. Such patterns of compartmentalization of stem cells in the spleen and bone marrow of irradiated recipients completely conform to the general scheme of the relationship between restricted stem cells and less mature stem cells, including pluripotent stem cells, which became evident in other systems such as in the differentiation of spleen colony-forming cells or of stem cells for B cell lineage. PMID- 3900202 TI - G0 B cells activated by anti-mu acquire the ability to proliferate in response to B cell-activating factors independently from entry into G1 phase. AB - In the present studies we investigated the early steps in B cell activation and determined that activation could be separated from entry into cell cycle. Purified B cells from BALB/c nu/nu mice, activated under controlled conditions by affinity-purified rabbit IgG anti-mu or F(ab')2 fragments prepared from the same antibodies, were sorted according to size by flow cytometry. Approximately 80% of the B cells were small and were shown to be in Go state by quantitative RNA analysis and by [3H]uridine and [3H]thymidine incorporation studies. The sorted Go B cells, when again incubated in serum-free medium with the appropriate anti mu preparations, remained in Go. However, Go B cells in the presence of anti-mu have undergone significant change(s), in as much as they were now able to proliferate in response to soluble mediators. The ability to develop a proliferative response to B cell-activating factor(s), acquired independently from entry into cell cycle, characterizes another important step in early B cell activation and also indicates that Go B cells characterized on the basis of cell size, density, and/or RNA content may be in an activated state. PMID- 3900203 TI - HLA regulates postrenal transplant CML nonreactivity. AB - Previous studies have shown that lymphocytes from renal allografted patients with a good functioning graft display donor-specific cell-mediated lympholysis nonreactivity (CML-NR) in vitro. To define whether the HLA system influences the occurrence of the CML-NR, immunogenetic studies were carried out. Posttransplant lymphocytes derived from CML-NR patients were stimulated in vitro with lymphocytes from unrelated healthy blood donors, who were selected for the presence or absence of kidney donor-specific HLA antigens. The presentation of kidney donor-specific HLA-B (and -C) antigens on the lymphocytes of unrelated blood donors resulted in cytolytic nonresponsiveness, whereas presentation of the kidney donor-specific HLA-A locus antigens on lymphocytes of the unrelated blood donors revealed no cytolytic nonresponsiveness. The results, as displayed by posttransplant lymphocytes of renal allografted patients, demonstrate that the kidney donor HLA-B (and -C) antigens are responsible for the in vitro-observed, donor-specific CML-NR. Consequently, presentation of cells from panel members matched to the kidney donor at the HLA-B locus suppresses the response towards HLA-A locus antigens. The in vitro-observed cytolytic nonresponsiveness appeared not to be due to an absence of specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes, because the nonresponsiveness can be abrogated by addition of exogenous IL 2. PMID- 3900204 TI - Heritable lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 deficiency: abnormalities of cytotoxicity and proliferation associated with abnormal expression of LFA-1. AB - The effect of heritable LFA-1 deficiency on T lymphocyte function was measured. After primary mixed lymphocyte stimulation, all six patients studied showed diminished allospecific T lymphocyte cytolytic and NK activity as compared with kindred and normal controls. MLR and mitogen-induced proliferative responses were consistently depressed. LFA-1-deficient, EBV-transformed B cell lines were poor stimulators of T cell responses. Primary cytolytic responses by lymphocytes from severely LFA-1-deficient patients (less than 0.2% of normal surface expression) were consistently more profoundly depressed than those by lymphocytes from moderately deficient patients (about 5% of normal surface expression). These results demonstrate the importance of LFA-1 in lymphocyte function. After repeated MLR restimulation, proliferative and cytolytic capacity improved and CTL lines could be established from all patients. Cytolysis by lines from one but not a second severe patient, and by four of four moderate patients, was inhibited by anti-LFA-1 MAb, and at 10-fold lower concentrations than required for inhibition of killing by control CTL lines. The locus of inhibition was on the target cell for the severely deficient CTL line, and on both the target and effector cells for moderately deficient CTL lines. In contrast, the locus of inhibition for normal CTL is on the effector cell. These findings show that LFA-1 can participate bidirectionally in cell interactions. The in vitro results are discussed in terms of the clinical findings in patients. PMID- 3900205 TI - Functional analysis of mononuclear cells infiltrating into tumors. II. Differential ability of mononuclear cells obtained from various tissues to produce helper factors that are involved in the generation of cytotoxic cells. AB - The requirement of CGF in the generation of cytotoxic cells against syngeneic tumor cells (T-9) and in the rejection of transplanted T-9 cells has been investigated. Spleen cells obtained from sensitized rats showed strong cytotoxicity against 51Cr-labeled T-9 cells upon incubation with CGF for 48 hr. Human recombinant IL 2 and rat IFN failed to generate cytotoxic cells from spleen cells of sensitized rats. CGF are produced by spleen cells upon inoculation of T 9 cells into sensitized rats as a host in vivo immune response. Production of CGF preceded the appearance of cytotoxic cells in regional lymph node and tumor tissues. In those rats, inoculated tumor cells were eventually rejected. In contrast, spleen cells failed to produce CGF upon inoculation of T-9 cells in unsensitized rats. Cytotoxic cells were not detected in unsensitized rats, and inoculated tumor grew in those rats. Thus, CGF is likely to be involved in the generation of cytotoxic cells and in the rejection of inoculated syngeneic tumor cells. A Mono Q anion-exchange column with an FPLC system allowed the chromatographic separation of CGF from IL 1, IL 2, IL 3, and CSF. PMID- 3900206 TI - Enhancement of the human antibody response by C8-substituted guanine ribonucleosides in synergy with interleukin 2. AB - The antigen-specific primary antibody response of human lymphocytes in vitro was studied with respect to dependency upon the lymphokine interleukin 2 (IL 2) and its subsequent modulation by C8-substituted guanine ribonucleosides. The specific response to sheep erythrocytes was shown to be dependent on the presence of IL 2 in culture. However, addition of optimal concentrations of the nucleoside, 7 methyl-8-oxoguanosine (7m8oGuo), to cultures containing antigen and IL 2 resulted in marked amplification of the underlying antibody response. This synergistic effect between 7m8oGuo and IL 2 was antigen dependent and could not be accounted for by summation of the independent antigen-specific and nonspecific (polyclonal) components. That IL 2 itself was in fact responsible for both the specific response to antigen and the synergistic interaction with 7m8oGuo was confirmed in experiments with purified IL 2 produced by recombinant DNA technology. The response to antigen was enhanced by 7m8oGuo in a dose-dependent fashion. The results of kinetic studies demonstrated that this nucleoside is fully effective within the context of an ongoing immune response, because addition of 7m8oGuo could be delayed up to 3 days of the 6-day culture period without loss of subsequent immunoenhancement. Lymphocyte populations largely depleted of T cells were capable of mounting vigorous responses to antigen in the presence of 7m8oGuo so long as IL 2, either partially purified or purified recombinant material, was added to culture. PMID- 3900207 TI - Guinea pig lymphocyte antigen molecules Ia.3,5 and Ia.8 share structural homology expected for alleles. AB - Because of the lack of I region recombinant guinea pig strains, rigorous comparative chemical analyses of guinea pig Ia alloantigens have been utilized to gather structural information that would allow tentative assignment of I region alleles. In this study, the B/Lac Ia.8 molecule was chemically compared to the strain 13 Ia.3,5 molecule and the strain 2 Ia.2 and Ia.4,5 molecules. SDS-PAGE, IEF, and Cleveland peptide mapping demonstrated a significant degree of homology between the Ia.8 and Ia.3,5 alpha-chains. HPLC mapping of trypsin/chymotrypsin cleavage products revealed an overall coincidence of peptides of 57 and 68% for the comparisons of the Ia.8 and Ia.3,5 alpha- and beta-chains respectively. In contrast, comparisons of Ia.8 and Ia.2 alpha- and beta-chains exhibited a significantly lower degree of similarity--39 and 47% respectively. The degree of homology seen in the Ia.8 and Ia.3,5 comparisons is consistent with those values seen in comparisons between the Ia.3,5 and Ia.4,5 molecules (putative allelic products of the guinea pig I region) and with those values obtained for allelic products of the mouse H-2 system. The results of this investigation strongly suggest that the Ia.8, Ia.3,5, and Ia.4,5 molecules are the products of alleles at the Ia alpha- and beta-chain loci. PMID- 3900208 TI - Effects of differentiation in vivo and of lymphokine treatment in vitro on the mobility of C3 receptors of human and mouse mononuclear phagocytes. AB - The C3 receptors of human peripheral blood monocytes are able to move laterally within the plasma membranes of the cells and remain mobile even when the cells develop into "macrophages" in vitro. In contrast, the C3 receptors of mouse peritoneal macrophages are immobile. To determine whether these differences are species differences or differences between cells of different stages of differentiation, we assessed the mobility of C3 receptors of mouse peripheral blood monocytes and of human pulmonary alveolar and peritoneal macrophages. The C3 receptors of mouse monocytes were mobile, whereas the C3 receptors of human tissue macrophages were immobile. The C3 receptors of macrophages mediate avid particle binding but do not normally promote ingestion. We have described a unique lymphokine that activates mouse peritoneal macrophage C3 receptors for phagocytosis by freeing them from their plasma membrane anchors. In the present experiments, we found that the lymphokine also freed the C3 receptors of human macrophages and activated them for phagocytosis. We conclude that the immobilization of C3 receptors appears to be a marker for the differentiation of human and mouse mononuclear phagocytes, that the differentiation of mononuclear phagocytes is influenced by the milieu in which the cells develop, that in vitro differentiated macrophages may not accurately represent tissue macrophages, and that a lymphokine activates the C3 receptors of both human and mouse macrophages for phagocytosis by allowing the receptors lateral mobility within the cell plasma membrane. PMID- 3900209 TI - Immunoregulation in disseminated murine histoplasmosis: disturbances in the production of interleukins 1 and 2. AB - Production of IL 1 and IL 2 by splenocytes from C57BL/6 mice was measured at wk 1, 3, 8, and 14 after i.v. inoculation with 6 X 10(5) Histoplasma capsulatum (Hc) yeasts. As compared with age-matched controls, IL 1 production by splenocytes from Hc-infected mice was reduced severely at wk 1 and 3 of infection, greater than normal at wk 8, and within normal range at wk 14. IL 2 production was also reduced at wk 1 and 3 of infection; it was normal at wk 8 and was elevated at wk 14. Indomethacin and catalase failed to restore IL 1 production by splenocytes from infected mice, and exogenous IL 1 did not augment IL 2 production by these cells. A factor capable of suppressing the activity of IL 2 was detected in supernatants of concanavalin A-stimulated splenocytes from infected animals at wk 1 and 3 of infection, respectively. No factor capable of suppressing IL 1 activity was detected. Thus, the deficits of cell-mediated immunity in mice with systemic Hc infection may derive, in part, from impaired amplification of the immune response consequent to abnormal generation of IL 1 and IL 2. PMID- 3900210 TI - Monoclonal antibody OKM5 inhibits the in vitro binding of Plasmodium falciparum infected erythrocytes to monocytes, endothelial, and C32 melanoma cells. AB - Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes bind in vitro to human endothelial cells, monocytes, and a certain melanoma cell line. Evidence suggests that this interaction is mediated by similar mechanisms which lead to the sequestration of parasitized erythrocytes in vivo through their attachment to endothelial cells of small blood vessels. We show here that monoclonal antibody OKM5, previously shown to react with the membranes of endothelial cells, monocytes, and platelets, also reacts with the C32 melanoma cell line which also binds P. falciparum-infected erythrocytes. At relatively low concentrations, OKM5 inhibits and reverses the in vitro adherence of infected erythrocytes to target cells. As with monocytes, OKM5 antibody recognizes an 125I-labeled protein of approximately 88 Kd on the surface of C32 melanoma cells. It seems likely, therefore, that the 88 Kd polypeptide plays a role in cytoadherence, possibly as the receptor or part of a receptor for a ligand on the surface of infected erythrocytes. PMID- 3900211 TI - Characterization of the molecules on SJL/J lymphomas which stimulate syngeneic T cells. AB - I-A antigens isolated from SJL reticulum cell sarcoma (RCS) cells show greater heterogeneity with respect to charge and size of the A alpha chains than do I-A antigens isolated from normal SJL spleen cells. The relevance of these structural changes in RCS I-A to the previously shown syngeneic T cell stimulatory properties of RCS was investigated. It was shown that RCS cells expressed acidic forms of the A alpha chain on their cell surface which were not present on SJL spleen cells, peritoneal cells, or dendritic cells. The only normal cells which showed A alpha chain heterogeneity approaching that of RCS cells were LPS-induced B cell blasts. Treatment with tunicamycin completely abolished the RCS A alpha chain heterogeneity, whereas exposure to neuraminidase removed the charge heterogeneity, but not the size heterogeneity. Parallel studies of the syngeneic T cell proliferative response to RCS showed that tunicamycin abolished, while neuraminidase enhanced, the ability of RCS cells to stimulate syngeneic T cells. It is suggested that polysaccharide chains on RCS I-A molecules are particularly important for the biologic properties of these lymphoma cells. The possibility that highly glycosylated I-A antigens on normal B cell blasts are also involved in the stimulation of syngeneic T cells is discussed. PMID- 3900212 TI - Anti-T cell immunotoxins containing pokeweed anti-viral protein: potential purging agents for human autologous bone marrow transplantation. AB - The ex vivo anti-leukemic efficacy and stem cell toxicity of two different T cell directed immunotoxins containing pokeweed antiviral protein (PAP) were studied by clonal assays. 5E9-11-PAP, an immunotoxin directed against human transferrin receptors, elicited a maximum leukemic cell kill of 3.9 logs. However, it was also toxic against normal pluripotent stem cells, and therefore is not a clinically useful purgative reagent. PAP conjugated to 3-A1, a monoclonal antibody directed against CD7 (T, p41), was more effective against leukemic T cells than 5E9-11-PAP and eliminated a maximum of 4.8 log of cells. 3A1-PAP was only slightly toxic to pluripotent stem cells: 13% of CFU-GEMM were lost after treatment with 3000 ng of 3A1-PAP/ml, a concentration that eliminated 99.96% of contaminating leukemic T cells from a 200-fold excess of normal bone marrow. Cryopreservation of treated cells by conventional methods did not affect the extreme selectivity and potency of 3A1-PAP. Incubation of 3A1-PAP with peripheral blood mononuclear cells resulted in the complete inhibition of phytohemagglutinin induced mitogenic response, illustrating the possibility of using this immunotoxin as a potent anti-T cell reagent for prophylaxis against graft vs host disease in allogeneic BMT as well. PMID- 3900213 TI - Recombinant interleukin 2 stimulates in vivo proliferation of adoptively transferred lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells. AB - We previously reported that the adoptive transfer of lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells plus repetitive injections of recombinant interleukin 2 (IL 2) produced a marked reduction in established pulmonary metastases from a variety of murine sarcomas. The requirement for the exogenous administration of IL 2 prompted a subsequent examination of the role of IL 2 in the in vivo function of transferred LAK cells. The in vivo proliferation and migration patterns of lymphoid cells in C57BL/6 mice were examined after i.v. transfer of LAK cells alone, i.p. injection of IL 2 alone, or the combination of LAK cells and IL 2. A model for in vivo labeling of the DNA of dividing cells was used in which mice were injected with 5-[125I]-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (125IUdR) and, 20 hr later, their tissues were removed and were counted in a gamma analyzer. A proliferation index (PI) was calculated by dividing the mean cpm of organs of experimentally treated mice by the mean cpm of organs of control mice. In animals given LAK cells alone, the lungs and liver demonstrated little if any uptake of 125IUdR above saline-treated controls (PI = 2.5 and 0.8, respectively, on day 5), whereas the same organs of mice receiving 6000 U of IL 2 alone displayed higher radiolabel incorporation (PI = 7.1 and 5.9, respectively). When mice were given LAK cells plus 6000 U of IL 2, their tissues showed an additional increase in 125IUdR uptake. In the spleen, kidneys, and mesenteric lymph nodes, IL 2 treatment alone (6000 U) produced elevated PI values that were not, however, additionally increased if LAK cells were also administered. To separate the stimulatory effects of IL 2 on host lymphocyte proliferation from similar IL 2 effects on injected LAK cells, these studies were repeated in mice immunosuppressed by 500 rad total body irradiation. Pre-irradiation of the host sufficiently reduced endogenous lymphoid expansion stimulated by IL 2 so as to allow the demonstration that IL 2 also induced the proliferation of the transferred LAK cells. A variety of studies confirmed that the injected LAK cells were actively proliferating in tissues in vivo under the influence of IL 2. Substitution of "normal" LAK cells with fresh and cultured (without IL 2) splenocytes, or irradiated LAK cells did not result in increased 125IUdR uptake in tissues. Histologic studies corroborated the findings of the 125IUdR incorporation assays and revealed extensive lymphoid proliferation in irradiated mice receiving LAK cells plus IL 2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3900214 TI - A reappraisal of the macrophage electrophoretic mobility (MEM) test for the measurement of lymphokine activity. AB - Using a cell electrophoretic apparatus, which was sensitive in detecting small changes in electrophoretic mobility (EPM), the macrophage electrophoretic mobility (MEM) test was investigated as a routine method for detecting lymphokine activity. Electrophoretic analysis of guinea-pig macrophages revealed 2 main subpopulations, one with an EPM of 0.90 micron cm s-1 V-1 (fast) and the other, an EPM of 0.83 micron cm s-1 V-1 (slow). From 23 experiments the fast and slow populations were found to consist of 90% and 10% cells, respectively. When macrophages were incubated with standard guinea-pig lymphokine preparations there was a significant decrease in the fast population with a corresponding increase in the slow population. This lymphokine induced 'slowing' of the macrophages was shown to be very reproducible. Since only 50% of macrophages of high EPM were observed to respond to lymphokine activity, it is not surprising that the MEM test has failed in the past when investigators have accepted as significant a 10 15% reduction in EPM, estimated from measurements made on only 10 macrophages. Parallel bioassays indicated that there were appreciable potency differences for macrophage slowing factor (MSF) and macrophage migration inhibition factor (MIF) activities in the lymphokine preparations used which suggest that these activities may be due to different molecular entities. PMID- 3900215 TI - An avidin-biotin based ELISA for quantitation of antibody to bacterial polysaccharides. AB - A solid phase immunoassay utilizing avidin-biotin binding has been developed for measuring anticapsular polysaccharide antibodies. Capsular polysaccharides of Escherichia coli K1, Haemophilus influenzae type b, Staphylococcus aureus types 5 and 8, and levan from Aerobacter levanicum have been biotinylated through -OH or COOH groups with retention of antigenicity. Polysaccharides were immobilized on avidin-coated microtiter wells for use in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect antibody. Two preparations of biotinylated S. aureus type 8 polysaccharide were equivalent as antigens in ELISA. Specificity was demonstrated by absorption of antisera, by competitive inhibition with purified antigens, and by reaction with specific monoclonal or myeloma antibodies. Reproducibility of the assay for H. influenzae type b and S. aureus type 8 antibody was demonstrated by replicate titrations of high and low level antisera. PMID- 3900216 TI - Quantitative immunoassay for IgA class circulating immune complexes using solid phase Facb fragment of anti-C3. AB - A quantitative assay of IgA class circulating immune complexes (IgA-CIC) by a solid phase anti-C3 enzyme immunoassay (anti-C3 EIA) is described. A stable and reproducible standard for determination of IgA-CIC was prepared successfully by chemical binding of complement C3 to human serum IgA. Two of 27 sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), however, contained high concentrations of IgA class anti-F(ab')2 antibodies that caused false positive results when the F(ab')2 of anti-C3 was used for EIA. Solid phase Facb of anti-C3 was found to eliminate the false positive results caused by IgA class anti F(ab')2 and IgA class rheumatoid factor. Good reproducibility and recovery were observed with this Facb anti-C3 EIA using the IgA-C3, a stable standard material, and so this method should be useful clinically in elucidating the role of IgA CIC. PMID- 3900217 TI - A reverse passive latex agglutination test for the diagnosis of systemic candidosis. AB - A new reverse passive latex agglutination test for the detection of serum antigen in systemic Candida albicans infection is reported. 1700 sera were examined from 91 patients who had either proven or suspected systemic candidosis, 183 patients who were colonized and 636 patients with no evidence of candidal infection. Thirty of the systemically infected patients had lymphoproliferative disorders and the rest a variety of surgical or medical diseases with no underlying neutropenia. The latex particles were sensitised with an antiserum raised in rabbits against a pressate of Candida albicans. The degree of antigenaemia was proportional to the likelihood of invasive disease such that a diagnostic cut-off point of 1 in 8 produced a test for systemic candidosis with a sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 80.4% in patients with lymphoproliferative disorders. In the remaining medical and surgical patients a diagnostic cut-off point of 1 in 10 produced a test with a sensitivity of 96.7% and specificity of 98.8%. The patients with lymphoproliferative disorders tended to produce lower serum antigen levels. The sera were also assayed for antibody using latex particles sensitised with pressate. PMID- 3900218 TI - Disposable microliter immunoabsorbent columns: construction and operation. AB - Disposable microliter immunoabsorbent columns were constructed from pasteur pipets. The bed support was a cube of gelatin surgical sponge, which was tamped into the pipet tip. Column dead space, represented by the compressed volume of the sponge, was 5 microliters. The columns were used with protein A-Sepharose; settled bed volumes were 50 microliters. It was possible to pour columns that functioned as immunoabsorbents with bed volumes as small as 10 microliters. There was no gravity flow through these columns. Flow was achieved by touching column tips to absorbent paper if liquid was to be discarded or to 50 microliters capillary tubes for fluid collection. A simple capillary collection tube assembly was designed for operation of a row of 10 columns at a time. In a test system of [3H]methotrexate and IgG anti-methotrexate, 90% of applied antigen was bound to antibody columns, whereas 90% was recovered in the eluates from control columns. The columns were used in the initial step of screening uncloned hybridoma culture fluids for anti-MSP. PMID- 3900219 TI - A simplified technique for skin grafting rats. AB - In the rat stitching skin grafts at the muscular level ensures that they remain immobilized. The technique is both simple and economic. PMID- 3900220 TI - Re: Thermal properties of microtitre plates monitored using spray-on liquid crystals. PMID- 3900221 TI - Serologically H-Y antigen-negative XO mice. AB - In a series of six independent experiments organ homogenates of 35 mice of the XX, XO or XY sex chromosome constitutions were absorbed using three different anti-H-Y antisera raised in inbred female LEW rats. Residual activities of absorbed antisera were tested in the Raji cell, complement-dependent, cytotoxicity test. Homogenates of various tissues, including the gonads, of XX and XO females were equally unable to absorb H-Y antibodies, indicating that tissues of these mice do not carry the H-Y antigen. In contrast, XY male homogenates fully absorbed H-Y antibodies of antisera at concentrations of 1/2 to 1/4. We discuss our findings with special attention to the problem of the existence of one or more H-Y antigens and, to the genetic regulation of the expression of this antigen. PMID- 3900222 TI - [Striated sphincter of the urethra. 4: Therapeutic possibilities]. AB - Treatment of non-neurologic dyssynergia is aimed at diminishing urethral sensory impulses or the motor component of the dysreflexia. Although formal proof of efficacy is lacking, urethral dilatation or meatoplasty in young girls is still used when an obstacle exists to passage of a balloon catheter. Functional obstruction is treated by Valium for its muscle-relaxant properties, alpha blocking agents or biofeedback. In recent neurologic dyssynergia good results have been obtained after infiltrations of the para-urethral sphincter by an endo urethral approach. Sphincterotomy is the treatment of choice when fibrosis has developed, particularly when the upper urinary tract is being affected: it can be performed earlier in cases where the dyssynergia fails to respond to well adapted conservative therapy. The site of section should be at 12 o'clock for anatomophysiologic reasons and to reduce the risk of impotence. The only treatment for rhabdosphincter deficiency is physiotherapy: reeducation and electric stimulation. Correctly instituted reeducation involves several phases: beginning with consciousness and learning of sphincter function it terminates in the automatic activation of the sphincter as for example during certain efforts. Results of several documented series in the urologic literature are encouraging. PMID- 3900223 TI - [Metabolic evaluation in urinary lithiasis. What is a reasonable level? 1: Theoretical approach]. AB - Whereas the etiology of urinary calculi and their metabolic exploration should be known, it appears unreasonable to conduct exhaustive metabolic explorations in all patients, therapy being usually symptomatic and based on advice on hygiene and diet. However, etiologic diagnosis is essential in a small number of cases: those which could benefit from effective preventive and curative measures and for which morbidity is elevated: cystinuria, hyperparathyroidism, uric acid calculi, patients at high developmental risks. It is possible, by simple, low cost means to select 95% of these patients. After a theoretical study of the distribution and lithiasic etiology, a practical conduct is proposed which takes into account the cost-effective ratio. PMID- 3900224 TI - Immunization against urinary tract infections. AB - Over the last few years there has been increasing emphasis placed on the importance of the role of bacterial adhesion, both in the initial stage and the clinical manifestations of urinary infection. It has been clearly demonstrated that all urinary infections are accompanied by an immunity response usually related in degree to the severity of the infectious lesion. Moreover, various in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that bacterial adhesion to uro epithelial cells can be inhibited immunologically. A study was conducted to analyze and compare results of different immunization procedures, in an animal model (female rat), on in vivo inhibition of adhesion to bladder epithelium of various bacterial strains. The bacteria selected were E. coli (075) and E. coli (06) with respectively a mannose-resistant (MR) hemagglutinin (HA) and a Klebsiella pneumoniae. The three immunization procedures were: intravaginal instillation, oral doses completed by intraperitoneal injection and subcutaneous administration. The instilled or injected antigen was made up of a formalized bacterial suspension emulsified in Freund's incomplete adjuvant: only the orally administered antigen was composed of live bacteria. Quantitative in vivo test of bacterial adhesion was by radioactive labelling of bacteria instilled into the bladder. Of the three immunization routes, only vaginal instillation significantly inhibited bacterial adhesion to bladder mucosa whatever the HA type involved. Furthermore, although E. coli (075), which possesses an HAMR, adhered more than E. coli (06) to the bladder wall, a marked and comparable inhibition of its adhesion was noted after immunization by the homologous (E. coli (075)) as by the E. coli (06) strain.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3900225 TI - [Re-establishment of urinary continuity by uretero-ureterostomy in renal transplantation. Apropos of 135 cases]. AB - Uretero-ureteral anastomosis was performed in 135 patients (40 women and 95 men) during kidney transplantation using either cadaver (120 cases) or living donor (15 cases) organs. The ureter of the retained kidney was linked proximal to the transplantation, whether or not there had been previous contemporary nephrectomy. Results were highly interesting: no mortality, no need to remove graft for urinary complications and no ureteral anastomotic stenosis. Urological complications were absent in 108 cases (80%) while 17 cases (12.6%) developed a urinary fistula, only 5 of which required surgical intervention Hematoma related to the nephrostomy occurred in 6 cases (4.4%) but operation was necessary in only 2 of these cases. Overall need for repeat surgery involved only 7 patients (5.2%) during the month following transplantation. One of 2 cases of hematoma operated upon required partial excision of the transplantation kidney due to the presence of an intraparenchymatous arteriovenous fistula. A curious finding was that of the 17 cases developing fistulae most of them had received live donor kidneys (5/15) whereas only 12 occurred in the 120 cadaver kidney transplants. Prevention of fistulae appears to be assisted by spatulation of the ureter rather than by its bevelled section, and the maintenance of a long ureteral loop to avoid traction. It is suggested that certain postoperative urine losses may be the result of a hyper-diuresis, without actual dehiscence of the anastomosis. In 4 patients with a urine output of more than 1.5 litres at the time of transplantation, the kidney proximal to the ureteral ligature became infected, and a second nephrectomy was necessary in 4 cases. PMID- 3900226 TI - [Peroperative ultrasonics in excision of renal and ureteral calculi by the surgical approach. Apropos of 30 cases]. AB - Ultrasound imaging was conducted in 30 patients during operation for removal of renal and ureteral stones, in most cases after contact radiography with small sterile films, and in all cases before opening the renal pelvis to avoid penetration of an air bubble into the intrarenal excretory tract. Each bubble may, because of its weak acoustic impedance, provoke total reflection of the waves simulating the image of a stone. Ultrasound provides data on cortical projection of calculi, the thickness of the parenchyma and the echoless avascular zones. All complex calculi (from Staghorn to caliceal types) should be investigated by ultrasound since it allows economy of time and reduced risks of excision of calculi. All stones greater than 1 mm give a hyperechogenic image with a cone shadow, the only differential diagnoses being air bubbles and intraparenchymatous calcification. Nonrecognition of calculi 1 mm in diameter is acceptable insofar as this type of caliceal or pyelic calculus may be excreted spontaneously. Ultrasound imaging during operation provides marked economy in time, of particular value during nephrotomy with pedicle clamping. Time is saved as a result of the three-dimensional detection of stones. Results in 30 cases showed a sensitivity of 97% for the method with excellent specificity, with only one false negative (residual microlithiasis) and one false positive (air bubble). PMID- 3900227 TI - Purification and in vitro growth of human epidermal basal keratinocytes using a monoclonal antibody. AB - We have made a new monoclonal antibody, EL-2, and used it with an immunorosetting procedure combined with Ficoll-Hypaque gradient centrifugation to purify and culture basal keratinocytes. Immunofluorescence of cell suspensions and immunoperoxidase staining of tissue sections demonstrate that EL-2 reacts with malignant cell lines, activated lymphocytes and monocytes, and basal keratinocytes. Sequential immunoprecipitation studies demonstrate that monoclonal antibodies EL-2 and 4F2 detect the same membrane protein. However, we have extended previous studies by making the new observation that both EL-2 and 4F2 react with cultured melanocytes. Basal keratinocytes were purified from single cell epidermal suspensions by incubation with EL-2 followed by rosetting with rabbit antimouse IgG antibodies covalently linked to bovine red blood cells. Rosetting (basal) keratinocytes were separated from EL-2 negative cells by Ficoll gradient centrifugation. We obtained basal keratinocyte populations of greater than 90% purity as assessed by reactivity with EL-2 and another basal keratinocyte-specific monoclonal antibody, HCl. Langerhans cell, fibroblast, and melanocyte contamination was negligible. Cultures of basal keratinocytes were enriched in EL-2-reactive cells throughout the entire 19 days of culture studied. EL-2 is being used to characterize disorders of keratinocyte proliferation; EL-2 reacted with both squamous and basal cell carcinomas. EL-2 stained only the basal layer of lesional skin from patients with psoriasis, pityriasis rubra pilaris, and Darier's disease. Purification of basal keratinocytes will be important in biochemical and functional studies of normal skin and in establishing long-term keratinocyte lines from normal cells. PMID- 3900228 TI - The use of human pemphigoid autoantibodies to study the fate of epidermal basal cell hemidesmosomes after trypsin dissociation. AB - It is known that during trypsinization of the skin, the epidermis is first separated from the dermis and individual keratinocytes are dissociated by disruption of the epidermal intercellular spaces. The desmosomal unit is separated at the level of the intercellular space and the split desmosomes are internalized in plasma membrane-limited vesicles; however the fate of the hemidesmosome under such conditions has not been studied. We have recently shown (Mutasim et al: J Invest Dermatol 84:47-53, 1985) that autoantibodies from the sera of patients with bullous pemphigoid bind in vitro to hemidesmosomes but not to desmosomes providing a highly specific marker for these organelles. Utilizing these autoantibodies, we studied the fate of the hemidesmosome during trypsin dissociation of epidermal basal cells derived from the skin of neonatal BALB/c mice. During trypsinization, portions of the dermal face of the plasma membrane which include hemidesmosomes formed pits which pinched off to produce vesicles that moved toward the nucleus. This was accompanied by retraction of the tonofilaments away from the cell periphery. The mechanism of this internalization process is not yet known, but may involve contractile elements of the cytoskeleton. The highly specific binding of bullous pemphigoid autoantibodies to the hemidesmosome may prove helpful in future biochemical and immunocytochemical studies of this organelle. PMID- 3900229 TI - Insulin binding properties of normal and transformed human epidermal cultured keratinocytes. AB - Insulin binding to its receptors was studied in cultured normal and transformed (A431 line) human epidermal keratinocytes. The specific binding was a temperature dependent, saturable process. Normal keratinocytes possess a mean value of about 80,000 receptors per cell. Fifteen hours exposure of the cells to insulin (2 X 10(-7) M) lowered their receptor number (about 65% loss in available sites); these reappeared when the hormone was removed from the culture medium ("down regulation" process). In the A431 epidermoid carcinoma cell line, there is a net decrease in insulin binding (84% of the initial bound/free hormone ratio in comparison with normal cells) essentially related to a loss in receptor affinity for insulin. Thus, cultured human keratinocytes which express insulin receptors may be a useful tool in understanding skin pathology related to insulin disorders. PMID- 3900230 TI - Distribution of a cross-species melanoma-associated antigen in normal and neoplastic human tissues. AB - In previous studies the monoclonal antibody (MoAb) M2590 elicited in C57/BL6 mice with the syngeneic melanoma cell line B16 has been shown to recognize a 31K glycoprotein expressed by human melanoma cell lines. The present study has shown that the MoAb M2590 cross-reacts with surgically removed benign and malignant lesions of melanocyte origin. The reactivity pattern of the MoAb M2590 with these lesions is different from that of the anti-high-molecular weight-melanoma associated antigen (HMW-MAA) MoAb 225.28S, of the anti-115K MAA MoAb 345.134S, and of the anti-100K MAA MoAb 376.96S, which were elicited with human melanoma cell lines. In particular, the MoAb M2590 reacts with blue nevi. The MoAb M2590 defined MAA, like other types of MAA, is heterogeneous in lesions removed from different patients, in autologous lesions removed from different anatomic sites, and in cells within a lesion. The distribution of the MoAb M2590-defined MAA in normal tissues and in tumors of nonmelanocyte origin is broader than that of the HMW-MAA, but is similar to that of the 115K MAA and of the 100K MAA. The results of this investigation suggest that immunization with xenogeneic melanoma cells may broaden the range of specificity of antihuman MAA MoAbs and provide information about the phylogenetic evolution of MAAs. PMID- 3900231 TI - Leukocyte adherence-related glycoproteins LFA-1, Mo1, and p150,95: a new group of monoclonal antibodies, a new disease, and a possible opportunity to understand the molecular basis of leukocyte adherence. PMID- 3900232 TI - The severe and moderate phenotypes of heritable Mac-1, LFA-1 deficiency: their quantitative definition and relation to leukocyte dysfunction and clinical features. AB - An inherited syndrome characterized by recurrent or progressive necrotic soft tissue infections, diminished pus formation, impaired wound healing, granulocytosis, and/or delayed umbilical cord severance was recognized in four male and four female patients. As shown with subunit-specific monoclonal antibodies in immunofluorescence flow cytometry and 125I immunoprecipitation techniques, in addition to a NaB3H4-galactose oxidase labeling assay, granulocytes, monocytes, or lymphocytes from these individuals had a "moderate" or "severe" deficiency of Mac-1, LFA-1, or p150,95 (or a combination)--three structurally related "adhesive" surface glycoproteins. Two distinct phenotypes were defined on the basis of the quantity of antigen expressed. Three patients with severe deficiency and four patients with moderate deficiency expressed less than 0.3% and 2.5%-31% of normal amounts of these molecules on granulocyte surfaces, respectively. The severity of clinical infectious complications among these patients was directly related to the degree of glycoprotein deficiency. More profound abnormalities of tissue leukocyte mobilization, granulocyte directed migration, hyperadherence, phagocytosis of iC3b-opsonized particles, and complement- or antibody-dependent cytotoxicity were found in individuals with severe, as compared with moderate, deficiency. It is proposed that in vivo abnormalities of leukocyte mobilization reflect the critical roles of Mac-1 glycoproteins in adhesive events required for endothelial margination and tissue exudation. The recognition of phenotypic variation among patients with Mac-1, LFA 1 deficiency may be important with respect to therapeutic strategies. PMID- 3900233 TI - Yeast adhesion in the pathogenesis of endocarditis due to Candida albicans: studies with adherence-negative mutants. AB - Two spontaneous cerulenin-resistant mutants of Candida albicans, 4918-2 and 4918 10, were unable to adhere in vitro in fibrin-platelet clots. Because in vitro adherence correlates well with colonization of nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis on traumatized valvular endocardium, 50% infectious dose studies were performed with a rabbit model of endocarditis. Wild-type C. albicans required 10(3.6) +/- 0.12 cfu in comparison with 10(5.73) +/- 0.31 and 10(7.3) +/ 0.21 cfu for mutants 4918-2 and 4918-10, respectively. The relative avirulence of mutant strains in producing endocarditis was not attributed to accelerated clearance of these strains from the bloodstream. In fact, clearance of wild-type and mutant strains was almost identical. In the same animals renal candidiasis was observed with all strains of C. albicans, although the number of cfu per gram of kidney was higher after infection with wild-type C. albicans. Thus, strains of C. albicans with reduced ability to adhere in vitro to a fibrin-platelet matrix are relatively avirulent in the rabbit endocarditis model. PMID- 3900234 TI - Results of a screening method used in a 12-month stool survey for Escherichia coli O157:H7. AB - Escherichia coli serotype O157:H7 has been epidemiologically linked to outbreaks of hemorrhagic colitis associated with fast-food restaurants and nursing homes. Sporadic cases now exceed those associated with outbreaks. The incidence of the organism in patients with common diarrhea syndromes and in asymptomatic persons is unknown. Routine serotyping of E. coli isolates is impractical for most clinical microbiology laboratories. We developed a screening plate by utilizing sorbitol fermentation as a biochemical marker to identify organisms for serotyping. A total of 2,552 stool samples were screened. In 106 (4.1%), sorbitol negative E. coli were identified. Of these, two were serotype O157:H7, and both produced a Vero cell toxin. One patient had hemorrhagic colitis and the other a mild, febrile, self-limited diarrhea with no other bacterial pathogen identified. This plate provides an easy, effective method of screening for sorbitol-negative E. coli, a process facilitating the selection of organisms for serotyping and one that may help clarify this organism's role in human disease. PMID- 3900235 TI - Effect of tetracycline on the attachment of K88+ enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli to porcine small-intestinal cells. AB - The attachment of six strains of K88+, porcine pathogenic, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli to isolated porcine intestinal mucosal cells was decreased following growth in the presence of concentrations of oxytetracycline below the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). The decrease in binding by the wild-type strains was detected at concentrations of drug as low as 0.001 microgram/ml, which was greater than four orders of magnitude below the MIC. When drug resistance was induced in these six strains, there was still a decrease in binding when the bacteria were grown in the presence of tetracycline. This decrease was comparable to the decrease in binding capacity of the wild-type strains caused by growth in the presence of tetracycline. In contrast, when one strain (G1108E) was made tetracycline resistant by the introduction of the R16 plasmid, the antibiotic had less effect on the binding of this strain than on the wild-type strain; however, growth in the presence of antibiotic still decreased adhesion. Overall, oxytetracycline decreased the adhesion of wild-type, induced resistant, and genetically resistant K88+ enterotoxigenic E. coli to porcine small-intestinal cells, and this effect occurred at antibiotic concentrations several orders of magnitude below the MIC. PMID- 3900236 TI - Penicillin prophylaxis and the neonatal microbial flora. PMID- 3900237 TI - Detection of phenolic glycolipid I in sera from patients with lepromatous leprosy. PMID- 3900238 TI - Sensitivity and specificity of DNA probes with the stool blot technique for detection of Escherichia coli enterotoxins. PMID- 3900239 TI - A controlled trial of erythromycin in adults with nonstreptococcal pharyngitis. PMID- 3900240 TI - The diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for circulating antigen. AB - An inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) capable of detecting 10 ng of aspergillus carbohydrate antigen/ml of serum was developed. When retrospectively applied to the sera of 19 patients with invasive aspergillosis, the ELISA detected antigen in 11 patients. None of 14 healthy controls or 28 patients with a variety of other infections were positive for circulating antigen. A rabbit model of invasive aspergillosis was also developed. Daily fungal cultures of blood were negative in the rabbits, as in human disease, but antigen was detected in increasing amounts up to the time of death. This ELISA is a sensitive, specific, and easily performed assay for circulating aspergillus antigen that should facilitate early diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis, heretofore, seldom made without invasive tests. PMID- 3900241 TI - CSF producing gall bladder cancer: case report and characteristics of the CSF produced by tumor cells. AB - Due to an increase in mature neutrophils, a 72-year-old female with gall bladder cancer showed leukocytosis of up to 1.32 X 10(11)/l; hypercalcemia was up to 7.7 mEq/l in her terminal stage. Leukocyte counts and calcium values increased as the tumor progressed. There was no sign of infection or bone marrow metastasis. Cultured cells from the tumor tissue produced high colony-stimulating factor (CSF) activity into the supernatant. The tumor cell-conditioned medium stimulated exclusively granulocytic colonies. The study of this patient shows that leukocytosis was caused by the CSF produced by tumor cells. Approximately 90% of CSF activity was lost by heat treatment at 60 degrees C for 30 min. The CSF was stable over a pH range of 3-11 and was inactivated by treatment with proteolytic enzymes, but was not affected by treatment with DNase or neuraminidase. Molecular weight of the CSF, demonstrated by fractionation using Sephacryl S-200, was approximately 27,000 to 30,000. PMID- 3900242 TI - [Reproduction physiology and pathology from the hematologic viewpoint]. PMID- 3900243 TI - Results from cation and mass fingerprint analysis of single cells and from ATP measurements of M. leprae for drug sensitivity testing: a comparison. AB - The physiologic states of Mycobacterium leprae isolated from patient biopsies were studied using single cell mass spectrometry by laser microprobe mass analysis (LAM-MA) and ATP bioluminescence assay. The changes in the physiologic state of M. leprae after the patients had been treated with dapsone (DDS) monotherapy were also studied. The shift of the low intracellular Na+, K+-ratio of untreated M. leprae cells to higher values under DDS therapy, as measured from a limited number of single bacteria, correlates with a decrease in the ATP content. Further information on the influence of the drug could be drawn from the multivariate analysis of mass fingerprints of the organic matrix of the cells. Evidence is provided that the combination of the measurement of the intracellular cation ratios and of the mass fingerprint analysis could give fast answers to the question of drug resistance and to the persister hypothesis. The ATP bioluminescence assay and the single cell mass analysis should be alternatives to the mouse foot pad test. PMID- 3900244 TI - Comparison of radiometric macrophage assay and the mouse foot pad infection for the evaluation of Mycobacterium leprae sensitivity/resistance to dapsone. AB - Studies were undertaken in three independent centers to compare the newer, in vitro radiometric macrophage (M phi) assay with the conventional mouse foot pad infection for the diagnosis of dapsone resistance. Results obtained on 12 bacilliferous patients showed good concordance in both assays. One strain diagnosed as sensitive in the M phi assay was found to be resistant in the mouse foot pad. Three Mycobacterium leprae strains considered to be partially resistant in the mouse infection behaved as resistant strains in the M phi cultures. Attention is drawn to a rapid in vitro method for the identification of drug resistant bacilli in leprosy patients. PMID- 3900245 TI - In vivo responses to Mycobacterium leprae: antigen presentation, interleukin-2 production, and immune cell phenotypes in naturally occurring leprosy lesions. AB - To investigate the immune defect in lepromatous leprosy we studied immune cell phenotypes, lymphocyte activation states, and interleukin-2 (IL-2) production in naturally occurring leprosy skin lesions. Mouse hybridoma monoclonal antibodies reacting with the IL-2 receptor (anti-Tac), unbound IL-2 (DMS-1), antigen presenting Langerhans' cells (OKT6) and the OKT4-Leu3 and OKT8 T-lymphocyte subpopulations were used with indirect horseradish peroxidase and alkaline phosphatase techniques on frozen biopsy sections. The percentage of Tac+ lymphocytes and the number of OKT6+ cells in the epidermis and dermal granuloma were significantly correlated in naturally occurring lesions (correlation coefficient 0.79) and were higher in tuberculoid than in lepromatous lesions. Leu3 antigen was expressed by 70-90% of Tac+ cells in tuberculoid lesions. Although the percentage of cells producing IL-2 was low in lesions of both lepromatous and tuberculoid patients, it was about 15 times greater in tuberculoid than in lepromatous lesions (0.032 +/- 0.037 tuberculoid vs 0.0019 +/ 0.023 lepromatous). There was an association between the number of OKT6+ cells and the percentage of IL-2-producing cells, but the association was weaker than that of OKT6+ cells and the percentage of IL-2 receptor-bearing cells (r = 0.2), implying that IL-2 production is not an intervening variable in the latter association. The absolute number of OKT4-Leu3+ lymphocytes was significantly different in different clinical leprosy groups and was positively correlated with host resistance (mean OKT4-Leu3+ cells/mm2 in 6 micron sections; 1412 +/- 288 tuberculoid, 400 +/- 93 borderline lepromatous, 200 +/- 100 polar lepromatous; r = 0.95). Absolute numbers of OKT8+ cells/mm2 in lesions were not significantly different. We conclude that there is a relative paucity of OKT4-Leu3+ cells as well as IL-2-producing cells at the local level in lepromatous leprosy lesions. Possible functional relationships between these findings and the failure of macrophage activation and destruction of Mycobacterium leprae in lepromatous leprosy are discussed. PMID- 3900246 TI - Microscopic findings of delayed reactions elicited by the skin test reagent Leprosin A derived from M. leprae. AB - Punch biopsies taken 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours after skin testing with Leprosin A have been used to prepare ultrathin sections for the identification and enumeration of infiltration cells. The study was performed on small numbers of both healthy persons and leprosy patients with various forms of the disease living in India. Similar cells were found to infiltrate both positive and negative responses to the skin test reagent, although there were quantitative differences. The most striking findings were the absence of the expected basophils and an infiltration of eosinophils which proceeded to degranulate. This was especially noticeable in a healthy leprosy contact and in patients at the tuberculoid end of the leprosy spectrum, whether or not they produced positive skin reactions to Leprosin A. In patients at the lepromatous end of the spectrum, infiltrates were largely neutrophils. PMID- 3900247 TI - An in situ immunohistological study of Mitsuda reactions. AB - In an attempt to further define their immunopathogenesis, the cellular infiltrates of Mitsuda reactions were studied in situ using immunoperoxidase techniques and monoclonal antibodies. Lepromin A-elicited Mitsuda reactions from six patients with borderline tuberculoid leprosy (TT/BT or BT) and three healthy kindred and contacts of lepromatous patients were examined. In the dermis, cells bearing the Leu4 phenotype comprised a mean of 61% of the infiltrate; the Leu3a, 47%; the Leu2a, 17%; anti-IL-2, 0.2%; anti-Tac, 1.5%; and cells bearing the Ia phenotype were virtually universal; OKT6 positive cells were present. The Leu2 phenotype was sequestered to the periphery of epithelioid tubercules. In the epidermis, there were mild, focal lymphocytic infiltrates, hyperplasia of epidermal Langerhans' cells, and well-developed expression of Ia upon nucleated keratinocytes. These findings, when compared with those of a better-defined reaction, tuberculin, are further evidence that the Mitsuda response may be a delayed-type hypersensitivity phenomenon. PMID- 3900248 TI - Successful kidney transplantation in leprosy and transitory recurrence of the disease. AB - A 40-year-old woman on chronic hemodialysis had been diagnosed as having lepromatous leprosy at the age of 17 and treated for 15 years with sulfones. She remained clinically free of leprosy during 19 months of hemodialysis and then underwent successful renal transplantation. Fourteen months after surgery, recurrence of leprosy was observed. In spite of immunosuppression, the skin lesions healed with sulfone treatment. Renal transplantation is a useful treatment in patients with leprosy and chronic renal failure. PMID- 3900249 TI - Immunity to leprosy. 1. The proliferative response of murine T lymphocytes to Mycobacterium leprae. AB - A microculture assay is described for measuring the response of murine T lymphocytes to Mycobacterium leprae antigens. Mice were immunized with M. leprae in Freund's incomplete adjuvant at the base of the tail, and after five days lymphocytes from draining lymph nodes were harvested and cultured with M. leprae antigens. Radioactive thymidine uptake was used to quantitate the antigen-induced proliferation of the lymphocytes. The effects of cell density and antigen concentration on the kinetics of the proliferative response were determined. We present evidence that it is the T lymphocytes that proliferate in response to antigen in microcultures, and that the lymphocyte response varies with the mouse strain used. This assay system can be used to identify the antigens of M. leprae that elicit T cell responses and the effector function of the M. leprae-specific T cell involved. PMID- 3900250 TI - Electron microscopic observations of cell wall and cytoplasmic membrane in murine and human leprosy bacilli. AB - The cell wall and the cytoplasmic membrane of Mycobacterium lepraemurium in murine lepromas and M. leprae in human skin lepromas were studied in ultrathin serial sections at the electron microscopic level. The cell wall in M. lepraemurium was composed of three layers: an innermost electron-dense layer, an intermediate electron-transparent zone, and a thin outermost electron-dense layer. The fine structure of the cell wall in M. leprae was slightly different. In general, the cytoplasmic membrane of M. lepraemurium and M. leprae seemed to have a similar structure. PMID- 3900251 TI - Use of gas chromatography to differentiate Mycobacterium leprae from cultivable armadillo-derived mycobacteria, M. avium/intracellulare, and M. lepraemurium by analysis of secondary alcohols. AB - Two long-chain secondary alcohols, 2-octadecanol and 2-eicosanol, were demonstrated by gas chromatography in hydrolysates of Mycobacterium avium/intracellulare, in cultivable, armadillo-derived mycobacteria, and in M. lepraemurium grown in vivo, but they were not found in purified suspensions of M. leprae isolated from experimentally infected armadillos. Gas chromatographic analysis of these alcohols constitutes a method for rapid detection and quantification of contaminating mycobacteria in preparations of M. leprae intended, for example, for vaccine use. The technique may also be of value for critical evaluation of cultures of "in vitro-grown" M. leprae. PMID- 3900252 TI - Isolation of characteristic glycolipids possibly included in spherical droplets around M. leprae. AB - The main purpose of this work was to isolate the components in acetone soluble lipids of lepromas of the nine-banded armadillo by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and then to examine the mass spectrometric characteristics of the two peaks (molecular weights 2000 and 1600) found by HPLC. The armadillo had been inoculated with Mycobacterium leprae isolated from a mangabey monkey with naturally acquired leprosy. According to the results of HPLC, gas liquid chromatographic and mass spectral analyses, the GPC peak I lipid at 2000 D was identified as phenolic glycolipid and the GPC peak II lipid at 1600 D, as phthiocerol dimycocerosate. It was thought that the GPC peak I lipid and the GPC peak II lipid were included in the spherical droplets (peribacillary substance) around M. leprae. It was concluded that the microorganisms causing leprosy-like changes in the mangabey monkey were either M. leprae or a very closely related bacillus. PMID- 3900253 TI - [Review on internal medicine, 1984. Electrolyte disturbance. I-1. Regulation of water and sodium metabolism: urine-concentrating mechanisms and action of vasopressin]. PMID- 3900254 TI - [Review on internal medicine, 1984. Electrolyte disturbance. I-3. Diuretics and water-electrolyte metabolism]. PMID- 3900255 TI - [Review on internal medicine, 1984. Electrolyte disturbance. II-2. Mineralocorticoids and potassium imbalance]. PMID- 3900256 TI - [Review on internal medicine, 1984. Electrolyte disturbance. II-3. Hyperkalemia in hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism]. PMID- 3900257 TI - [Review on internal medicine, 1984. Electrolyte disturbance. III-1. Mechanism of calcium and phosphate regulation]. PMID- 3900258 TI - [Review on internal medicine, 1984. Electrolyte disturbance. III-2. Disorders of calcium and phosphorus metabolism]. PMID- 3900259 TI - [Re-examination of the effects of the acid-etching technic on dental enamel]. PMID- 3900260 TI - [Analysis of the taste receptor mechanism by the use of chemical modifiers on the tongue]. PMID- 3900261 TI - Etiologic factors, pathogenesis, and prognosis of dilated cardiomyopathy. AB - In conclusion, current knowledge about the origin, pathogenesis, and prognosis of DC has been reviewed. Multiple factors seem to be etiologically important. As our methods improve we may better understand the cause of each case of DC. Multiple factors are also important in the pathogenesis of DC, including the autonomic nervous system, renin-angiotensin, vasopressin, and coronary blood flow. Reversal of some of these factors may well lead to a longer and better quality of life. Finally, the prognosis of DC is primarily related to ventricular function and arrhythmias. PMID- 3900262 TI - Proliferation of smooth muscle cells in the thoracic aorta after injury to the abdominal aorta: evidence for a humoral mediator in experimental arteriosclerosis. AB - We tested the hypothesis that circulating humoral material(s) can induce vascular smooth muscle cells to synthesize DNA and to proliferate. Either the entire aorta or its abdominal segment was balloon de-endothelialized in four groups of rabbits. In the first group (control), the entire aorta was injured, and no further procedures were carried out. In a second group (reinjury), the abdominal aortic segment was reinjured 4 days after the initial de-endothelialization procedure. A third group (sham) had a second sham operation 4 days after initial injury. In a fourth group (abdominal only), the abdominal aortic segment was injured on two occasions 4 days apart. There was a rise in the specific activity of 3H-thymidine incorporation into smooth muscle cell DNA (DNA-SA) of the thoracic segments, which began 12 hours after reinjury, peaked within 24 hours at 335 +/- 63 dpm/micrograms DNA (+/- SEM), and returned to control level within 72 hours. The DNA-SA of the thoracic aorta of control rabbits and sham-operated animals 4.5 days after the initial injury was 86 +/- 19 and 48 +/- 8 dpm/micrograms DNA, respectively. There was no rise in DNA-SA in the thoracic aorta of animals in which the abdominal aorta was injured twice. Intimal cell nuclei per 0.1 mm internal elastic lamina were counted 3 days after the second injury and showed similar differences between doubly injured and control animals. Platelet accumulation, as measured by chromium 51 platelet attachment to the aortic surface, was increased in the abdominal segment 12 hours after reinjury.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3900263 TI - A clinico-pathologic presentation. Mucous membrane pemphigoid. PMID- 3900264 TI - Human gene therapy: scientific and ethical considerations. AB - The term 'gene therapy' encompasses at least four types of application of genetic engineering for the insertion of genes into humans. The scientific requirements and the ethical issues associated with each type are discussed. Somatic cell gene therapy is technically the simplest and ethically the least controversial. The first clinical trials will probably be undertaken within the next year. Germ line gene therapy will require major advances in our present knowledge and it raises ethical issues that are now being debated. In order to provide guidelines for determining when germ line gene therapy would be ethical, the author presents three criteria which should be satisfied prior to the time that a clinical protocol is attempted in humans. Enhancement genetic engineering presents significant, and troubling, ethical concerns. Except where this type of therapy can be justified on the grounds of preventive medicine, enhancement engineering should not be performed. The fourth type, eugenic genetic engineering, is impossible at present and will probably remain so for the foreseeable future, despite the widespread media attention it has received. PMID- 3900265 TI - Ethical issues in and beyond prospective clinical trials of human gene therapy. AB - As the potential for the first human trials of somatic cell gene therapy nears, two ethical issues are examined: problems of moral choice for members of institutional review boards who consider the first protocols, for parents, and for the clinical researchers, and the special protections that may be required for the infants and children to be involved, and ethical objections to somatic cell therapy made by those concerned about a putative inevitable progression of genetic knowledge from therapy to mass genetic engineering in human reproduction. The author's viewpoint is that a consensus exists on the required moral approach to somatic cell therapy, but that no moral approach yet exists for experiments beyond this level, especially in the germline cells of human beings. PMID- 3900266 TI - Prolactin-dependent accumulation of alpha-lactalbumin in mammary gland explants from the pregnant tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii). AB - The minimal hormonal requirements for the in-vitro accumulation of alpha lactalbumin have been investigated in a marsupial, the tammar (Macropus eugenii). Mammary gland explants from 24-day pregnant tammars cultured in medium containing bovine insulin, cortisol and ovine prolactin showed a progressive increase in accumulation of alpha-lactalbumin during 4 days of incubation. No increment was observed if prolactin was omitted from the medium. However, a similar rate of increase was observed after 3 days of culture in medium containing prolactin alone. This induction of alpha-lactalbumin was maximal at a prolactin concentration of approximately 0.02 mg/l, which corresponds to physiological levels during pregnancy and early lactation. The absence of an effect of bovine insulin on tammar explants is not due to a general unresponsiveness to this hormone since insulin-stimulated DNA synthesis and amino acid uptake was evident after 3 days of culture. The inclusion of tri-iodothyronine and raised concentrations of cortisol in culture media have been shown to modulate alpha lactalbumin synthesis in eutherian mammals but were without effect in the tammar. In addition, increased levels of progesterone did not inhibit the induction of alpha-lactalbumin, confirming an earlier in-vivo study suggesting that progesterone withdrawal may not be the lactogenic trigger in this species. Thus the pregnant tammar is the only species yet described in which alpha-lactalbumin is induced maximally in vitro in response to a single hormone. PMID- 3900267 TI - Effects of flavonoids on insulin secretion and 45Ca2+ handling in rat islets of Langerhans. AB - The effects of some flavonoids, a group of naturally occurring pigments one of which has been claimed to possess antidiabetic activities, on insulin release and 45Ca2+ handling have been studied in isolated rat islets of Langerhans. Insulin release was enhanced by approximately 44-70% when islets were exposed to either ( )epicatechin (0.8 mmol/l) or quercetin (0.01-0.1 mmol/l); others such as naringenin (0.1 mmol/l) and chrysin (0.08 mmol/l) inhibited hormone release by approximately 40-60%. These effects were observed only in the presence of 20 mmol glucose/l. Quercetin (0.01 mmol/l) and (-)epicatechin (0.8 mmol/l) both inhibited 45Ca2+ efflux in the presence and absence of extracellular Ca2+. In the presence of 20 mmol glucose/l both the short-term (5 min) and steady-state (30 min) uptake of 45Ca2+ were significantly increased by either quercetin or (-)epicatechin. These results suggest that the stimulatory compounds such as quercetin and ( )epicatechin may, at least in part, exert their effects on insulin release via changes in Ca2+ metabolism. PMID- 3900269 TI - A clinical approach to the somatizing patient. AB - Patients with chronic, unexplained physical complaints are evaluated diagnostically in two steps in primary care: (1) brief consideration of three specific, but rare, disorders (somatic delusion, conversion, and malingering); and (2) extensive consideration of the remaining three common but overlapping disorders (somatization disorder, hypochondriasis, and psychogenic pain). Because of frequent confusion in differentiating among the common somatizing disorders and because the treatment is similar for all, the family physician can be content with the general designation of "common somatization syndrome" when unable to distinguish among them. This diagnosis can be easily established by a good history and physical examination. Psychiatric referral is required for the rare somatizing disorders. The primary physician can manage the majority of the common somatizing patients by observing the following principles: develop a good physician-patient relationship, apply techniques of behavior modification, engage the patient at the somatic level but extend it to include associated life stresses, strategically use symptomatic measures, treat depression with full doses of antidepressants, and accept the importance of ongoing contact with the patient irrespective of symptoms. When these therapeutic principles are employed, decreased morbidity, medical utilization, and cost can be expected to follow. PMID- 3900268 TI - Crossreactions of Escherichia coli K and O polysaccharides in antipneumococcal and anti-Salmonella sera. AB - Crossreactions of 24 K polysaccharides and 4 O polysaccharides of E. coli in antisera to 27 pneumococcal types, 3 anti-Salmonella sera, and anti-Klebsiella Kl serum are discussed in relation to structural features of the polysaccharides insofar as these are known. Predictions based on the crossprecipitations are also ventured for several instances in which structures are as yet undetermined. PMID- 3900270 TI - Streptococcal pharyngitis in an adult emergency room population. PMID- 3900271 TI - Current research activities on some toxic environmental substances of major concern to Floridians. PMID- 3900272 TI - General practice in rural Florida: case study of an anomaly. PMID- 3900273 TI - The IncI plasmids R144, R64 and ColIb belong to one exclusion group. AB - The exclusion relationship between the IncI plasmids R144, R64 and ColIb was studied in such a way that incompatibility interference was avoided. Genetic crosses with an R144-derived Hfr donor, crosses with recipient strains carrying R144-derived exclusion genes on a recombinant plasmid compatible with R144, and measurement of transmission frequencies of a recombinant plasmid compatible with IncI plasmids after mobilization by R144 revealed that R144, R64 and ColIb belong to one exclusion group. PMID- 3900274 TI - Genetic characterization of pyridine nucleotide uptake mutants of Salmonella typhimurium. AB - Two classes of pyridine nucleotide uptake mutants isolated previously in a strain of Salmonella typhimurium defective in both de novo NAD biosynthesis (nad) and pyridine nucleotide recycling (pncA) were analysed in terms of their genetic relationship to each other and their roles in the transport of nicotinamide mononucleotide as a precursor to NAD. The first class of uptake mutants, pnuA (99 units), failed to grow on nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) as a precursor for NAD. The second class, pnuB, grew on lower than normal levels of NMN and suppressed pnuA mutations. A third class of uptake mutant, pnuC, isolated in a nadB pncA pnuB background, also failed to grow on NMN. Transport studies and enzyme analyses confirmed these strains as defective in NMN uptake. A fourth locus, designated pnuD, was found to diminish NMN utilization in a nad pncA+ background. Tn10 insertions near pnuA, pnuC and pnuD were isolated and utilized in mapping studies. pnuA was found to map between thr and serB near trpR. The pnuC locus was cotransducible with nadA at 17 units while pnuD mapped at approximately 60 units. The biochemical and genetic data suggest that the pnuA and pnuC gene products cooperate in the utilization of NMN under normal conditions. A pnuB mutant, however, does not require the pnuA gene product for NMN uptake but does rely on the pnuC product. Fusion studies indicate that pnuC is regulated by internal NAD concentrations. PMID- 3900275 TI - Sources of conductance changes during bacterial reduction of trimethylamine oxide to trimethylammonium in phosphate buffer. AB - The sources of conductance changes during reduction of trimethylamine oxide to trimethylamine by Escherichia coli with formate as electron donor and in the presence of phosphate buffer were investigated. Theoretical considerations and experimental results suggest that the major source of conductance change is the conversion of dihydrogen phosphate to hydrogen phosphate. This transformation contributes almost twice as much to the total conductance change as does the conversion of uncharged trimethylamine oxide to charged trimethylammonium. PMID- 3900276 TI - Distribution of some mycobacterial waxes based on the phthiocerol family. AB - Characteristic waxes, based on methoxy and keto long-chain diols, members of the phthiocerol family, have been isolated from representatives of Mycobacterium bovis, M. kansasii, M. marinum, M. microti and M. tuberculosis. M. kansasii produced essentially di-esters of the ketodiol phthiodiolone A, but the remaining species also had waxes based on the methoxy-diols phthiocerol A and phthiocerol B. Gas chromatography of derivatives of the components of the waxes showed that the phthiocerol A components from M. bovis, M. microti and M. microti and M. tuberculosis were qualitatively similar, being mainly C34 and C36, but potentially significant differences were seen in the proportions of the components from M. bovis. The phthiocerols A from M. marinum were C28 and C30 and the phthiodiolones A from M. kansasii were C25 and C27. The multimethyl-branched acids from the waxes of M. bovis were quantitatively different from those of M. microti and M. tuberculosis but all these mycocerosic acids ranged in size from C23 or C24 to C32, with C29 or C30 being the major component in most cases. M. marinum and M. kansasii strains had mainly C26 or C27 and C29 or C30 multimethyl branched acids, respectively. PMID- 3900277 TI - Temporal and spatial differences in cell wall expansion during bud and mycelium formation in Candida albicans. AB - The infectious yeast Candida albicans is capable of growing in either a budding or mycelium form, depending upon the pH of the supporting medium. By monitoring the position of polylysine-coated beads firmly attached to the wall of growing cells, the zones of expansion for the surface of the cell wall have been mapped for the alternative growth forms. Both spatial and temporal differences are demonstrated to exist. During roughly the first two-thirds of bud growth, a very small, highly active apical zone accounts for roughly 70% of surface expansion. The remaining 30% is due to general expansion. When a bud reaches approximately two-thirds of its final surface area, the apical zone shuts down, and subsequent expansion is completed by the general mechanism. During mycelial growth, at least 90% of expansion is due to a small, highly active apical growth zone, and less than 10% is due to the general mechanism. In contrast to budding cells, the apical zone of the growing mycelium never shuts down as long as growth continues in the mycelial form. These distinct temporal and spatial differences in expansion are considered in terms of the regulation of alternative phenotypes in Candida. PMID- 3900278 TI - Antigenic and molecular homology of the ferric enterobactin receptor protein of Escherichia coli. AB - The ferric enterobactin receptor protein (81 kDal) of Escherichia coli O111 was purified by preparative sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and used to raise polyclonal antiserum in rabbits. This antiserum was used in conjunction with the immunoblot technique to examine the degree of antigenic homology of the ferric enterobactin receptor protein among 17 pathogenic and laboratory strains of E. coli. Both the molecular weight and the antigenic properties of the enterobactin receptor were highly conserved. However, the laboratory strain C and a pathogenic enteroinvasive strain, E. coli O164, were unusual in not producing the 81 kDal protein. The antiserum also recognized an 81 kDal protein from iron-restricted Salmonella typhimurium and an 83 kDal protein from iron-restricted Klebsiella pneumoniae. PMID- 3900279 TI - traT gene sequences, serum resistance and pathogenicity-related factors in clinical isolates of Escherichia coli and other gram-negative bacteria. AB - The R6-5 plasmid-specified outer membrane protein, TraT protein, has previously been shown to mediate resistance to bacterial killing by serum. Colony hybridization with a 700 bp DNA fragment carrying most of the traT gene was used to examine the prevalence of traT in Gram-negative bacteria, particularly strains of Escherichia coli, isolated from clinical specimens. traT was found in isolates of E. coli, Salmonella, Shigella and Klebsiella, but not in Pseudomonas, Aeromonas or Plesiomonas, nor in the few isolates of Enterobacter, Proteus, Acinetobacter, Citrobacter, Serratia or Yersinia that were examined. It was detected in a significantly higher proportion of the E. coli strains isolated from the blood of patients with bacteraemia/septicaemia or from faeces of patients with enteric infections (50-70%) than in that of strains isolated from normal faeces (20-40%). The incidence of traT in strains isolated from cases of urinary tract infections was variable. traT was found to be frequently associated with production of the K1 capsule and with the carriage of ColV plasmids, but not with the carriage of R plasmids, nor with serum resistance or the production of haemolysin. PMID- 3900280 TI - Effect of allylamine antimycotic agents on fungal sterol biosynthesis measured by sterol side-chain methylation. AB - Sterol side-chain (C-24) methylation was assayed by incorporation of radioactivity from [Me-14C]methionine into the ergosterol fraction in cells of the pathogenic fungi Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Methylation at C-24 occurred after nuclear demethylation in all cases. The method was used to measure ergosterol biosynthesis inhibition by the allylamine antimycotics naftifine and SF 86-327, which are known to block squalene epoxidation. In C. albicans cells treated with SF 86-327 (1 mg l-1) to fully inhibit squalene epoxidation, C-24 methylation continued for several hours at about 40% of the control rate. This residual biosynthesis was probably due to methylation of endogenous sterol precursors. The degree of residual biosynthesis in the three fungi correlated well with their susceptibility to SF 86-327. The highly susceptible dermatophyte T. mentagrophytes had negligible residual sterol biosynthesis. These differences were not due to inhibition of methionine uptake. For naftifine (100 mg l-1) there was evidence of a second inhibitory action in C. albicans. A cell-free assay indicated that this was due to direct inhibition of the C-24 methyltransferase. PMID- 3900281 TI - Effects of dilution rate on biomass and extracellular enzyme production by three species of cutaneous propionibacteria grown in continuous culture. AB - Propionibacterium acnes, P. avidum and P. granulosum were grown in continuous culture at a range of dilution rates on a semi-synthetic medium. Dilution rates were chosen to allow the bacteria to grow at the same relative growth rates as compared to their respective mumax values. The steady-state levels and production rates of biomass and extracellular enzymes were determined. The lipase and hyaluronate lyase of P. granulosum and the proteolytic activity of P. acnes and P. avidum were growth linked enzymes (i.e. they were produced at constant amounts per unit of biomass). In contrast, the lipase, hyaluronate lyase and acid phosphatase of P. acnes and the lipase of P. avidum were shown to be non-growth linked enzymes. PMID- 3900282 TI - Acriflavine-binding capacity controlled by the acrA gene of Escherichia coli. AB - The acrA mutation in Escherichia coli led to a substantial increase of the acriflavine-binding capacity of the cell, whereas the related mutations acrB (gyrB) and arcC did not. Metal ions such as Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+ and Al3+ effectively released the bound acriflavine, in proportion to their ionic strengths. The presence of cations, in fact, increased the survival fraction of the cells in the acriflavine-containing medium. Polymyxin B, an antibiotic which binds to membrane phospholipid, competed with acriflavine for binding sites. Cell wall digestion by treatment with lysozyme and EDTA slightly decreased the acriflavine-binding capacity. Almost no difference was observed in acriflavine binding capacity between intact cells and cells from which lipopolysaccharide has been extracted (46.9% removed from the acrA cells and 47.4% from the acrA+ cells). Acriflavine bound to the cells was most effectively extracted by ethanol containing 1% HCl or by 2% (w/v) SDS. The difference in the acriflavine-binding capacity between the acrA and acrA+ cells was also observed in the spheroplasts. These facts indicate a relationship between the acrA gene product and the acriflavine-binding capacity of the cells. PMID- 3900283 TI - Fosfomycin-resistance plasmids determine an intracellular modification of fosfomycin. AB - Escherichia coli cells carrying fosfomycin-resistance plasmids modify fosfomycin intracellularly. The product of this modification (fosfomycin-derivative) differs from fosfomycin in chromatographic mobility, but the chemical nature of the modification is not yet known. Fosfomycin-derivative appears to have a cytoplasmic location and lacks antibiotic activity. The modification system can be saturated by an excess of fosfomycin in the incubation media. PMID- 3900284 TI - Molecular cloning of WHI2, a gene involved in the regulation of cell proliferation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - The WHI2 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae plays a key role in coordinating cell proliferation and nutrient availability. A 2.6 kb yeast DNA sequence has been cloned which fully suppresses the whi2 mutation. Integration of this sequence to demonstrate that the structural gene itself had been cloned proved difficult. Integration occurred only rarely and only at the LEU2 locus which was also present on the integrating plasmid. To circumvent these difficulties an adjacent sequence, present on the original isolate from the gene library, was subcloned onto the integrating vector YIp5, after which directed integration proved straightforward. The integrated sequence was closely linked to WHI2, confirming that the structural gene had been cloned. A chromosomal restriction map of the WHI2 region is presented; no gross changes were observed in the region as cells entered stationary phase. PMID- 3900285 TI - Kinetics of specific IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM antibody responses in rubella. AB - Rubella-specific IgD and IgE antibodies were determined with a solid-phase enzyme immunoassay using enzyme-labeled heavy-chain specific anti-immuno-globulins, and the antibody responses in rubella infection were compared to IgM, IgA, and IgG antibodies. IgD and IgE antibodies increased rapidly after the onset of infection, remained at a high level for at least 2 months, and declined slightly by 6 months. In comparison, the IgM antibodies decreased more rapidly, whereas the IgG antibodies persisted longer at a steady level. By 6 months the mean levels of the different antibodies had declined from their maximal mean levels as follows: IgM, 52%; IgA, 42%; IgE, 35%; IgD, 29%; and IgG, 8%. Thus IgD and IgE antibodies, in spite of their known short half lives, persisted longer than IgM and IgA antibodies, which limits their diagnostic value. The IgA antibody responses were found too variable to substitute for IgM antibody determination in diagnosis of a recent rubella virus infection from a single serum specimen. Comparison of maternal and cord blood sera indicated that, in addition to IgG antibodies, rubella-specific IgD antibodies were found to cross the placenta. PMID- 3900286 TI - Dietary factors and hyperactivity: a failure to replicate. AB - Recent research suggests that sucrose consumption may be a factor in children's hyperactivity. Yet, the manner in which hyperactive behavior was assessed confounded hyperactivity and aggression, thereby reducing the conceptual validity of the findings. In addition, accepting a probability level of 0.06 as significant with 36 correlations, and using grams rather than portions as an index of food consumption might have contributed to a Type I error. When these three issues were addressed in the present study, no significant relationships emerged between sucrose consumption and hyperactivity or aggression assessed as separate dimensions. The age of the hyperactive children in this sample (M = 9.15 years) contrasted with that of the original research (M = 6 years 2 months) and this may contribute to the differential results. Suggestions for further research are outlined, and the need to separate hyperactive children according to whether they receive stimulant medication or not, and assess attention deficit disorders in addition to behavioral components of hyperactivity are stressed. PMID- 3900287 TI - An experimental analysis of chronic posttraumatic stress among adolescents. AB - The Fear Survey Schedule (FSS), State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and the Lebanese Fear Inventory (FLI, an endemic index of war fears) were administered to a sample of Lebanese junior high school students 27 days before the Israeli invasion of 1982. Six months after the disengagement of forces, the investigator located 16 subjects who had been in West Beirut throughout the siege and 46 subjects who had evacuated to safer environs. The inventories were readministered to the subjects according to a counterbalanced regimen and no significant differences were noted between the preinvasion scores of the evacuees and nonevacuees or between the postinvasion scores of the evacuees and nonevacuees. No significant differences were observed when the aggregate FSS and STAI estimates that were recorded before and after the invasion were compared. On the other hand, the aggregate LFI scores were significantly lower after the invasion. The results are discussed from within the social learning framework of fear acquisition. PMID- 3900288 TI - Personality variables and metabolic control in children with diabetes. AB - Insulin-dependent diabetic children and a group of their nondiabetic peers were compared on measures of self-concept, locus of control and health locus of control. A metabolic measure of long term diabetes control was also obtained on the children with diabetes. Data analyses revealed that metabolic control was not related to any of the personality measures in the diabetic sample. Diabetic and non-diabetic children did not differ on measures of locus of control and self concept, but diabetics exhibited a health locus of control which was significantly more internal than that of control subjects. A possible explanation for these results was discussed and practical implications for health care providers working with young diabetics were presented. PMID- 3900289 TI - Family size effects: a review. AB - Larger families are more frequent with early marriage and rapid birth of the first child. In larger families, child rearing becomes more rule ridden, less individualized, with corporal punishment and less investment of resources. Smaller families tend to result in higher IQ, academic achievement, and occupational performance. Large families produce more delinquents and alcoholics. Perinatal morbidity and mortality rates are higher in large families as birth weights decrease. Mothers of large families are at higher risk of several physical diseases. Common methodological errors are indicated and exemplary studies are described. PMID- 3900290 TI - Chronic cobalt-induced epilepsy: noradrenaline ionophoresis and adrenoceptor binding studies in the rat cerebral cortex. AB - Several studies indicate that brain noradrenaline (NA) depletion facilitates the occurrence of epileptogenic syndromes in various animal models. In cobalt-induced epilepsy in the rat activity is associated with a cortical NA denervation. In order to search for cortical adrenoceptor modifications, inonophoretic studies and adrenoceptor binding assays were performed. At the period of maximal seizure activity, there was a significant supersensitivity of cortical neurons to the ionophoretic application of NA. An increase in the density of beta-adrenoceptor binding sites was observed. No modification in alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenoceptor binding sites was found. This suggests that in cobalt-induced epilepsy there is a denervation supersensitivity which rests on a selective involvement of beta adrenoceptors. PMID- 3900291 TI - Cholinergic kindling: what has it taught us about epilepsy? AB - We reviewed recent evidence that chemical kindling of epileptic seizures can be induced by injection into the amygdala of multiple cholinergic muscarinic agonists, and blocked by multiple muscarinic antagonists. The stereospecific induction of kindling by (+) but not by (-) acetyl-beta-methylcholine shows that some types of repeated synaptic activation can produce epilepsy, in the absence of specific brain damage. The failure of bicuculline (but not of carbachol) to produce kindling with amygdaloid injections, and its ability to produce a limited seizure spread in neocortex, suggest that repetitive seizure activity alone is not sufficient to produce kindling. A review of some recent neurochemical changes in the synaptic apparatus associated with some types of kindling suggests potential areas for future investigation, but no cause-and-effect relationship between neurochemical and behavioral changes can be inferred so far. PMID- 3900292 TI - Relationship between the regulation of enkephalin-containing peptide and dopamine beta-hydroxylase levels in cultured adrenal chromaffin cells. AB - Adrenal medullary chromaffin cells were maintained under conditions known to increase their cellular levels of enkephalin-containing peptides and the effects of these treatments on another chromaffin vesicle component, dopamine beta hydroxylase, were examined. Catecholamine-depleting drugs, such as tetrabenazine, and cyclic nucleotide-elevating drugs, including forskolin, 8-bromo-cyclic AMP, and theophylline, increase chromaffin cell enkephalin-containing peptide levels but fail to increase dopamine beta-hydroxylase. In contrast, insulin treatment increases the levels of both enkephalin-containing peptides and dopamine beta hydroxylase. The increased amounts of enkephalin-containing peptides produced by tetrabenazine and by insulin are stored in subcellular particles with properties identical to chromaffin vesicles on density-gradient centrifugation. These results suggest that following insulin treatment chromaffin cells synthesize new chromaffin vesicles with a full complement of enkephalin-containing peptides, but that after treatment with catecholamine-depleting or cyclic nucleotide-related agents enkephalin-containing peptides can be inserted into preexisting vesicles or that new vesicles, made as a part of the normal turnover of cellular components, contain elevated peptide levels. PMID- 3900293 TI - Inactivation of neurotensin by rat brain synaptic membranes partly occurs through cleavage at the Arg8-Arg9 peptide bond by a metalloendopeptidase. AB - One of the primary inactivating cleavages of neurotensin (NT) by rat brain synaptic membranes occurs at the Arg8-Arg9 peptide bond, leading to the formation of NT1-8 and NT9-13. The involvement at this site of a recently purified metalloendopeptidase was demonstrated by the use of its specific inhibitor, N [1(R,S)-carboxy-2-phenylethyl]-alanylalanylphenylalanine-p-amino -benzoate, which exerts an inhibition on NT1-8 formation with an IC50 (0.6 microM) close to its Ki for the purified metalloendopeptidase (1.94 microM). Furthermore, we established the role of a postproline dipeptidyl-aminopeptidase in the secondary processing of NT9-13 formation. PMID- 3900294 TI - Characterization of an insulin receptor in human Y79 retinoblastoma cells. AB - Cultured human Y79 retinoblastoma cells bind [125I]iodoinsulin in a manner similar to that of other CNS and peripheral tissues. The only difference noted between the insulin binding properties of the Y79 cells and other CNS preparations is that insulin binding to Y79 cells is down-regulated by prolonged exposure of the cells to insulin. By contrast, studies with the various brain preparations indicate that the brain insulin receptor is not down-regulated by circulating levels of insulin. Insulin binding to Y79 cells exhibits negative cooperativity, has a pH optimum of 7.8, is responsive to cations, and gives a curvilinear Scatchard plot. Y79 cell insulin binding capacity is 26 fmol/100 micrograms of cell protein, corresponding to about 125,000 binding sites per cell. These findings are the first to report insulin binding in a human cell line of retinal origin. The characterization of the insulin binding in this cell line may facilitate an understanding of the relationship between insulin and its specific functions in the human retina. PMID- 3900295 TI - Structural and functional characteristics of insulin receptors in rat neuroblastoma cells. AB - Insulin receptors were detected in a variety of rat neuroblastoma and glioma cell lines. The binding of 125I-insulin to B103 neuroblastoma cells had characteristics typical of insulin receptors in other tissues, including high affinity for insulin, low affinity for insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), and curvilinear Scatchard plots. Using photoaffinity labeling procedures and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) gel electrophoresis to analyze the subunit structure of insulin receptors in B103 cells, the predominantly labeled protein had an apparent molecular weight of 125K and the mobility of this protein was shifted after removal of sialic acid residues. On the basis of size and susceptibility to neuraminidase, the insulin binding subunit in neuroblastoma cells was identical to the alpha-subunit of insulin receptors in adipocytes and different from the 115K subunit found in brain. The presence of an "adipocyte" form of the insulin receptor in clonal cells derived from brain is probably a consequence of transformation and results from more extensive oligosaccharide processing of the 115K receptor expressed in normal brain cells. The fully glycosylated receptors in neuroblastoma cells were capable of exerting functions typical of insulin receptors in adipocytes such as internalization of insulin and stimulation of glucose transport. PMID- 3900296 TI - Primidone in essential tremor of the hands and head: a double blind controlled clinical study. AB - Uncontrolled clinical studies have suggested that primidone may be effective in reducing essential tremor thus providing a valuable alternative to beta adrenoreceptor antagonists which are currently the drugs of first choice. A double blind, placebo controlled trial of primidone in essential tremor of the hands and head was carried out using both clinical and objective methods of assessment. Primidone was significantly superior to placebo in reducing the magnitude of hand tremor, its efficacy being comparable to that of propranolol. In two patients tremor was reduced to non-symptomatic levels, an effect rarely seen with propranolol. No consistent attenuation of head tremor was found. There was no correlation between serum primidone or derived phenobarbitone concentrations and the reduction of hand tremor. An acute toxic reaction to an initial small dose (62.5 mg) of primidone was seen in six of 22 patients. PMID- 3900297 TI - Immunohistological study of granulovacuolar degeneration using monoclonal antibodies to neurofilaments. AB - Neurons undergoing granulovacuolar degeneration have been examined in paraffin sections with three monoclonal antibodies to neurofilaments. Two of these antibodies (BF10, RT97) had been shown previously to react with neurofibrillary tangles. One of these antibodies (RT97) reacted with granular component of granulovacuolar degeneration. BF10 sometimes reacted with the surrounding neuronal cytoplasm. Granulovacuolar degeneration was also detected in a few cells of the anterior olfactory nucleus. PMID- 3900298 TI - Axonal regeneration from GABAergic neurons in the adult rat thalamus. AB - Peripheral nerve grafts were inserted into the thalamus in 27 Sprague-Dawley rats. From 6 weeks to 15 months later, horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was applied to the extracranial end of each graft and sections of the brains reacted for peroxidase histochemistry. Of the thalamic neurons that were retrogradely labelled with HRP, more than 80% were located in the reticular nucleus of the thalamus (RNT), a distinct group of nerve cells that contain glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD)-like immunoreactivity and are presumably GABAergic. By combining immunocytochemistry with HRP histochemistry, it was possible to confirm that the RNT neurons that had grown axons into the peripheral nerves grafts retained their GAD-like immunoreactivity. The apparent selectivity in their regenerative responses of RNT neurons to peripheral nerve grafts may relate to special properties of the neurons that did and did not grow into the grafts. PMID- 3900299 TI - Ultrastructural identification of VIP-containing nerve fibres in the myenteric plexus of the rat ileum. AB - Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)-containing nerve fibres of myenteric plexus of the rat ileum were investigated using the pre-embedding peroxidase antiperoxidase technique for electron microscopy. The VIP-positive fibres were characterized by a predominance of spherical agranular vesicles with a diameter of 40-55 nm. The immunoprecipitate was largely localized on the vesicle membrane. Large granular vesicles (100-144 mm) containing labelled dense cores were also present within labelled nerve profiles. Quantitative data indicate that the vesicles appeared in the following proportions: 93% small agranular vesicles and 7% large granular vesicles. PMID- 3900300 TI - Long-term survival of patients with localized diffuse histiocytic lymphoma. AB - From January 1970 to March 1981, localized diffuse histiocytic lymphoma (DHL) was identified in 31 patients by exploratory laparotomy and splenectomy (pathologic stage I, 17 patients; pathologic stage II, 14 patients) at the University of Chicago. The median follow-up time was 72 months. All patients were previously untreated and received radiation therapy as their primary treatment modality. Chemotherapy was administered only at the time of relapse. All but two patients achieved a complete remission (CR) with radiation therapy. The actuarial disease free survival for patients with stage I disease is 94% at 5 years and 72% at 10 years. For stage II disease, the disease-free survival is 56% at 5 years and 31% at 10 years. The difference in the disease-free survival between stage I and II is statistically significant (P = .02). The survival at 10 years is 70% for stage I disease and 46% for stage II disease. Five patients had documented relapses (four had stage II disease). Only two of those who relapsed achieved a second CR with salvage chemotherapy. Our data show an excellent outcome in patients with pathologic stage I disease, indicating that a high percentage of these cases can be cured with radiotherapy alone. Patients with clinical stage II disease might be served better with chemotherapy. PMID- 3900301 TI - Chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone alone or with levamisole or with levamisole plus BCG for malignant lymphoma: a Southwest Oncology Group Study. AB - Between 1977 and 1983 the Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG) evaluated chemotherapy alone (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone; CHOP) or chemoimmunotherapy (CHOP-levamisole or CHOP-levamisole-BCG) in a randomized prospective clinical trial involving 715 eligible patients with all types of malignant lymphoma (ML). Of 281 evaluable patients with favorable histologic types of ML, 171 (61%) achieved complete remission (CR) and there was no difference in CR rate, CR duration, or survival according to the type of initial treatment. Of 388 evaluable patients with unfavorable histologic types of ML, 194 (50%) achieved CR. Levamisole appeared to adversely affect CR rates in nodular mixed and nodular large-cell lymphoma and CR duration in patients with unfavorable histology ML. Chemoimmunotherapy with levamisole or levamisole-BCG offers no advantage in terms of CR rates, CR duration, or survival compared to CHOP chemotherapy alone, and levamisole may have had an adverse impact on outcome in certain subtypes of ML. PMID- 3900302 TI - Phase 1 study of carboplatin in patients with advanced cancer, intermittent intravenous bolus, and 24-hour infusion. AB - We undertook a phase 1 study of Carboplatin (CBDCA) on an intermittent single intravenous (IV) bolus (schedule A) and a 24-hour continuous infusion schedule (schedule B). Hydration and forced diuresis were not performed. Patients were not premedicated for anticipated vomiting. Thirty-eight adult patients with solid tumors received a total of 71 courses. In schedule A, doses were escalated from 20 to 600 mg/m2. The dose-limiting toxicity was myelosuppression. At doses of 270 mg/m2 and higher, leukopenia and thrombocytopenia were reproducibly seen. The dose of 600 mg/m2 was the maximally tolerated dose, producing severe thrombocytopenia (platelet counts less than 30,000/microL). Other toxicities included a fall in hemoglobin levels and tolerable nausea and vomiting. Schedule B produced comparable hematologic and emetogenic toxicities to those in schedule A. In three patients audiograms became abnormal with high-frequency hearing loss without overt deafness. Two patients developed hypomagnesemia without irreversible renal dysfunction. Patients with poor performance status, preexisting renal dysfunction, a third fluid space, or bone metastases seemed to develop increased hematologic toxicity. The recommended phase 2 dose for good risk patients is 400 mg/m2 IV bolus and for poor risk patients 270 mg/m2 IV bolus. Responses were seen in one patient each with head and neck carcinoma (partial response), small cell lung cancer (minor response), and breast cancer (minor response). PMID- 3900303 TI - Clinical pharmacokinetics of high-dose metoclopramide in cancer patients receiving cisplatin therapy. AB - Using a sensitive and specific high-pressure liquid chromatographic (HPLC) assay, we measured serum levels of metoclopramide in 18 cancer patients receiving high dose intravenous (IV) therapy to prevent cisplatin-induced emesis. Ten patients were treated with one or more courses with metoclopramide alone (1.0 to 3.0 mg/kg) in an open-label study, and eight patients were treated with a fixed 2.0 mg/kg dose of metoclopramide with or without adjunct dexamethasone (20 mg) using a randomized, crossover design. The pharmacokinetics of metoclopramide were determined, and the relationship between serum levels and clinical response was evaluated. The pharmacokinetic parameters of high-dose metoclopramide were found to be similar to those reported for standard promotility doses, and no dose dependency was demonstrated over the range of doses studied. No clear correlation between serum metoclopramide levels and prevention of cisplatin-induced emesis was observed. The addition of dexamethasone resulted in clinical improvement in two of eight patients, but had no effect on serum metoclopramide levels or kinetic parameters. Results in this study population do not show metoclopramide levels to be related to antiemetic effect following IV cisplatin therapy. PMID- 3900304 TI - Isolation and characterization of rat schwannoma neurite-promoting factor: evidence that the factor contains laminin. AB - Rat RN22 schwannoma cells in vitro release into their growth medium a macromolecular factor that, when bound to polyornithine-coated culture substrata, will stimulate neuritic regeneration from axotomized peripheral and central neurons. During the purification of this factor, the neurite-promoting activity co-purifies with laminin immunoreactivity as measured by an enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay. The purified factor has an immunoreactivity per milligram of protein similar to that of purified rat yolk sac tumor laminin. After sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) under reducing conditions, the purified factor exhibits a major band at 200 kilodaltons (kD) and two minor ones at about 130 and 35 kD. The 200-kD band comigrates with the 200-kD band of purified rat laminin. After SDS-PAGE under non-reducing conditions, the rat schwannoma factor and rat laminin both exhibit a band in the 900-kD range with the schwannoma factor band migrating slightly faster than the laminin one. The 200-kD (reducing conditions) and 900-kD (non-reducing conditions) bands of both the schwannoma factor and laminin are stained by immunoblotting with antisera raised against rat and human laminin and against a partially purified preparation of the schwannoma factor. On immunoblots the 400-kD band of laminin (a band not seen in the schwannoma factor preparation) also stains with all three antisera. When the antibodies from each of the three antisera are immobilized on protein A-agarose beads, the beads will completely remove from solution the neurite-promoting activities of both the schwannoma factor and laminin. Antibodies raised against rat laminin fail to block the neurite-promoting activity of the purified schwannoma factor but totally block that of rat laminin. In contrast, antibodies raised against the schwannoma factor will block the neurite-promoting activities of both the schwannoma factor and laminin. By rotary shadowing electron microscopy the schwannoma factor preparation exhibits cross shaped images similar but not identical to those previously reported for rat and mouse laminin. In addition, the schwannoma factor preparation contains images resembling proteoglycans. PMID- 3900306 TI - Porcelain laminate veneers. PMID- 3900305 TI - Study of color in prosthodontics. Part I. On measuring instruments. PMID- 3900307 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of liver hemangiomas. AB - Nine patients with cavernous hemangioma of the liver were examined by nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with a 0.5 T superconductive magnet. Spin-echo technique was used with varying time to echo (TE) and repetition times (TR). Results were compared with 99mTc red blood cell (RBC) scintigraphy, computed tomography (CT), echography, and arteriography. Four illustrated cases are reported. It was possible to establish a pattern for MRI characteristics of cavernous hemangiomas; rounded or smooth lobulated shape, marked increase in T1 and T2 values as compared with normal liver values. It is concluded that, although more experience is necessary to compare the specificity with that of ultrasound and CT, MRI proved to be very sensitive for the diagnosis of liver hemangioma, especially in the case of small ones which may be missed by 99mTc labeled RBC scintigraphy. PMID- 3900308 TI - Radiation doses from technetium-99m DTPA administered as an aerosol. AB - A model is presented which enables radiation doses following the administration of technetium-99m diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid ([99mTc]DTPA) aerosol to be calculated. The organ with potentially the highest radiation dose is shown to be the bladder wall. Radiation doses to the lungs, kidneys, and bladder wall and the effective whole-body dose are discussed in terms of the lung clearance rate of [99mTc]DTPA aerosol and the pattern of bladder voiding. The model indicated the influence of urine flow rate on bladder dose assuming a critical volume at which bladder voiding occurs. It is concluded that significant reductions in radiation doses may be achieved by encouraging patients or subjects undergoing investigations using [99mTc]DTPA aerosols to drink freely following the study. PMID- 3900309 TI - Pediatric renal iodine-123 orthoiodohippurate dosimetry. AB - Radiation exposure to the kidney from iodine-123 orthoiodohippurate ([123I]OIH) and any associated [124I]OIH contamination may vary by a factor of several hundred depending upon the health of the kidney. Calculations of kidney dose were made for patients with the following renal states: normal, acute tubular necrosis (ATN), obstruction, and renal transplant. The dosimetry was based on a minimum practical administered activity (MPAA) of 200 microCi for pediatric patients and 500 microCi for adults. High-grade obstruction of recent onset and severe ATN are the only disease processes which could result in high exposures, and this is due primarily to the contribution of 124I. For selected cases, OIH labeled with pure 123I should be very seriously considered. PMID- 3900310 TI - Guidelines for establishing a new service. AB - Many acute care hospitals are establishing new services as a strategy to remain solvent. The nurse administrator can play an important role in determining, planning, implementing, and evaluating these services. Guidelines are presented to help the administrator accomplish each of these activities for new services that are offered within the hospital or those that are offered as outreach efforts. PMID- 3900311 TI - The importance of diet composition in ultratrace element research. AB - This review indicates that the lack of appreciation of, information about or understanding of the importance of diet composition has had a major influence on the development of knowledge about 11 ultratrace elements in nutrition. Inappropriate trace element supplementation and inadequate or unbalanced diets probably were responsible for many of the reported inconsistent and divergent findings, and thus, for the resultant controversy regarding the essentiality of specific ultratrace elements. Vanadium and nickel are taken as examples, and evidence is presented that variations in the concentrations of dietary components can affect the response of experimental animals to the various ultratrace elements. Furthermore, there is evidence that the ultratrace elements, given in sufficient quantity, can evoke pharmacological responses in animals. Failure to recognize these phenomena probably has led to a number of incorrect or biased interpretations of experimental results. Future research on the importance of ultratrace elements in nutrition requires close attention to an often neglected experimental variable--diet composition. PMID- 3900312 TI - Carnitine in the streptozotocin-diabetic rat. AB - Rats made moderately diabetic by streptozotocin (decreased growth without decreased body mass, blood glucose, 588-840 mg/dl) and nondiabetic rats were either fed a purified diet with no measurable carnitine (diet 1), the same diet supplemented with carnitine (44.5 nmol/g food, diet 2), or a closed formula, nonpurified diet (3.3 nmol/g food, diet 3). Levels of total carnitine (free + acyl) were lower (P less than 0.05) in plasma, heart, soleus, extensor digitorum longus and kidney of rats fed diet 1 compared to those fed diet 2. Liver carnitine in diabetic animals was 2.6- to 4.4-fold higher than in nondiabetic animals with urinary carnitine of rats fed diet 1 being four times greater in diabetic than in nondiabetic rats. Other changes in tissue total carnitine were less pronounced. Compared to diabetic rats, insulin-treated diabetics had lower urinary excretion of carnitine and blood glucose levels (P less than 0.05), and tissue carnitine approximating nondiabetic levels. Significant catabolism of carnitine was not found. Apparent carnitine biosynthesis (diet 1) showed no difference between nondiabetic and diabetics (31.5 +/- 1.6 and 31.2 +/- 2.2 nmol/g of body weight per day, respectively) suggesting elevated liver levels resulted from redistribution. PMID- 3900313 TI - Effects of fructose feeding on lipid parameters in obese and lean, diabetic and nondiabetic Zucker rats. AB - Effects of fructose feeding in moderate amounts on lipid metabolism of obese versus lean, and diabetic versus nondiabetic Zucker rats, were studied. Forty pairs of male lean and obese animals were assigned to two dietary groups, fructose and glucose. For each diet, one-half of lean and obese animals were injected with streptozotocin intraperitoneally (i.p.) to induce diabetes, and the other half were injected with buffer i.p. as a nondiabetic control group. After 9 wk of feeding, animals were fasted overnight, decapitated and exsanguinated. Organs were removed and weighed. Blood glucose, insulin, lactic acid, triglycerides, cholesterol, total liver lipids and urinary glucose were determined. Hyperphagia was observed in obese, non-diabetic and lean-diabetic animals. Streptozotocin injection drastically reduced insulin levels, and produced an impairment of growth, hyperglycemia, glucosuria, polydipsia and polyuria. Fructose feeding increased organ weights in kidney, liver and retroperitoneal adipose tissue, regardless of diabetic state. However, lactic acid levels were lower in fructose-fed groups than glucose-fed groups. In obese rats serum triglyceride levels were also lower in fructose-fed groups than in glucose-fed groups. Serum cholesterol was not affected by fructose feeding. The results indicated that fructose feeding did not produce hyperlipemia and lactic acidosis in the blood circulation in Zucker rats. However, fructose feeding did not improve glucose intolerance in diabetic animals, rather fructose feeding produced hyperinsulinemia in nondiabetic, obese animals. PMID- 3900314 TI - Assessment of interrelationships among levels of intake and production, organ size and fasting heat production in growing animals. AB - Although the concept of metabolic body size (kg0.75) has gained widespread use in the field of energy metabolism, its application to the growing animal has been questioned. Fasting heat production, or maintenance, rather than being a constant function of body size, has been shown to vary because of breed, sex, condition, physiological state, production level, nutrition level and environmental conditions. Data are presented to show that fasting heat production and maintenance vary with nutritional level or rate of growth in animals postweaning. Variation in these energy expenditures are related to variation in weight of metabolically active internal organs. Weights of liver and gut and fasting heat production are shown to be functions of body size and level of production. More information is needed to ascertain the primary components of energy expenditures in animals and to quantitatively relate these components to animal energy metabolism. PMID- 3900315 TI - Exposure to anesthetic gases and reproductive outcome. A review of the epidemiologic literature. AB - A variety of evidence suggests that chronic exposure to low doses of anesthetic gases, as occurs in the occupational setting, is a risk factor for spontaneous abortion and congenital defects. The major epidemiologic studies are reviewed, and it is suggested that, due to significant flaws in the design and conduct of these observational studies, there is inadequate evidence to conclude that occupational exposure to anesthetic agents causes increased rates of spontaneous abortion or congenital anomalies. PMID- 3900316 TI - Automated thermatic condensation of gutta-percha root fillings in teeth with open (immature) apices. AB - Forty upper human premolar teeth with open (immature) apices were root filled by one of three methods, namely lateral condensation with sealer, automated thermatic condensation with sealer, and automated thermatic condensation without sealer. The completed root fillings were then assessed for apical defects, apical extrusions, radiographic voids, apical seal and surface adaptation. The majority of the results indicate that the automated thermatic technique without sealer produces marginally better root fillings in teeth with open apices than the other two methods. However, it is impossible to say whether this would confer any clinical advantage on the technique. The authors recommend that clinicians who wish to use the automated thermatic technique for condensing gutta-percha become highly proficient before its use on patients. PMID- 3900317 TI - Mandibular reference positions. AB - An overview is presented of the mandibular reference positions of centric occlusion, centric relation and centric relation occlusion, and the position of rest. Clinical applications of the different positions are discussed on the basis of the physiology of the mandibular locomotor system. PMID- 3900318 TI - Periodontal problems associated with use of distal extension removable partial dentures--a matter of construction? AB - It is commonly assumed that a distal extension partial removable dentures rotates around the supporting rests when the saddle is occlusally loaded and that this rotation may expose the abutment teeth to a distal torque believed to be potentially harmful to their periodontal tissues. Attempts are therefore often made to counteract this effect through the denture construction. However, a review of relevant literature does not appear to substantiate an unqualified acceptance of the above mentioned assumptions, nor of the beneficial effect of special denture constructions designed to reduce the abutment loading. On the other hand, well controlled longitudinal studies seem to indicate that a favourable periodontal prognosis may be expected in such cases provided the following conditions are satisfied: Periodontal problems should be treated and an adequate oral hygiene established prior to the insertion of the denture; The periodontal health and oral hygiene should be maintained through regular recalls. During these recalls possible prosthodontic defects should be diagnosed and necessary measures implemented. PMID- 3900319 TI - Effects of endotoxin-treatment on inflammatory cell infiltrates in murine Meth A sarcoma. AB - The effect of intravenously injected endotoxin on inflammatory cells within solid Meth A tumours was studied and central hyperaemia, necrosis and early collapse were observed macroscopically at 4, 24 and 48 h, respectively. The effects were studied in semithin sections and cytocentrifuge preparations of the tumours. The inflammatory cell reaction evoked by the tumours in untreated animals was relatively slight. It was located predominantly around the lateral margins of the tumours and only a few inflammatory cells were found inside the tumour. Prominent effects of endotoxin included a transient increase of mononuclear inflammatory cells in the centre of the tumour by 4 h and a reduction of the influx of lymphocytes, observed in and around the margin of control tumours, by 48 h. Mast cells formed an important part of the inflammatory cell infiltrate, but no distinct changes in number and appearance were observed with time or following treatment. Total host cell numbers within tumours did not increase significantly upon endotoxin-treatment. Results suggest that a direct cytotoxic action of host cells cannot account for the extensive tumour damage observed. Rather, endotoxin induced regression seems to be related to decreased lymphocyte numbers. PMID- 3900320 TI - Comparison of cold air, ultrasonic mist, and methacholine inhalations as tests of bronchial reactivity in normal and asthmatic children. AB - The sensitivity and specificity of cold air, ultrasonically nebulized distilled water mist (USM), and standard methacholine (MCH) challenges were studied in 21 children with asthma (mean age 11.5 years) and 12 normal children (mean age 14.2 years). The cold air challenge consisted of successive 3-minute periods of hyperventilation during which incremental volumes of subfreezing air (mean temperature -16 degrees C) were inhaled. To perform the USM challenge, subjects inhaled increasingly larger volumes of nebulized distilled water while breathing tidally. The specificity of both nonpharmacologic challenges was found to be 100%, whereas that of MCH was only 83%. The sensitivity of the cold air and USM tests was 57% and 71%, respectively, compared with 95% obtained with MCH challenge. We conclude that cold air and USM challenges are promising alternatives to the MCH challenge, and may be superior to it if optimal standard testing protocols are defined. PMID- 3900321 TI - Plasmapheresis in a patient with hepatic failure awaiting liver transplantation. PMID- 3900322 TI - Orthotopic liver transplantation for acute fulminant Wilson disease. PMID- 3900323 TI - Induction of neonatal renal tubular dysfunction by transplacentally acquired IgG from a mother with Sjogren syndrome. PMID- 3900324 TI - Continuous wave Doppler ultrasound in the detection of abnormal arterial flow in patients with unusual defects. PMID- 3900325 TI - Bacterial clearance in the intact and regenerating liver. AB - The Kupffer cells in the liver play an important role in reticuloendothelial system (RES) function by clearing particulate matter and bacteria from the blood stream. While hepatocyte regeneration and function have been extensively studied following partial hepatectomy, little information is available concerning RES function in the regenerating liver. This study investigates hepatic RES function by evaluating bacterial clearance (live E. coli) in the intact and regenerating liver. Thirty-four young male Sprague Dawley rats were studied. Twenty-two animals underwent a standard 70% partial hepatectomy using ligature technique and 12 had a sham operation. Both groups of rats received 10(9) organism of S35 labeled E coli, intravenously at 24 hours, 72 hours, 2 1/2 weeks, and 6 weeks postoperatively. Rats were killed 10 minutes following injection and liver, lung, spleen, and kidney harvested, fixed, and radioactivity was determined using a scintillation spectrometer interfaced with a micro-computer counting the S35 radiolabel. The total organ count of trapped bacteria in liver in partially hepatectomized rats was lower than intact controls at 24 hours (22.0% v 46.4%, P less than .01), but was similar at 72 hours, 2 1/2 weeks, and 6 weeks. Partial hepatectomy increased the amount of bacterial trapping in the lung at 24 hours (11.3% v 1.7%, P less than .01) and 72 hours (10.1% v 1.7%, P less than .05) and returned to normal at 2 1/2 weeks and 6 weeks. Splenic activity was increased following hepatectomy at 2 1/2 weeks. Renal clearance was increased at 72 hours and 2 1/2 weeks.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3900326 TI - Management of aortic thrombosis secondary to umbilical artery catheters in neonates. AB - During the past ten years, we have surgically managed seven neonates who developed total occlusion of the distal aorta due to umbilical artery catheters. All patients experienced symptoms of congestive heart failure. Five patients presented with severe hypertension, and all of these had aortorenal involvement: three infants had aortorenal thrombosis and two infants had infrarenal aortoiliac thrombosis with suprarenal extension of thrombus. Two infants had aortoiliac thrombosis with clot confined to the infrarenal aorta. Aortic thrombosis imposes an additional severe hemodynamic insult in these already seriously ill infants. Survival in this group of patients depends upon prompt recognition of this problem, effective surgical correction, and careful perioperative management. Our experience suggests that this diagnosis should be entertained in the infant presenting suddenly with congestive heart failure, hypertension, or lower limb ischemia after umbilical artery catheterization. The diagnosis is preferably confirmed by real-time ultrasound and/or radionuclide flow scan, although aortography may sometimes be necessary. Surgical management includes early transabdominal aortotomy with thrombectomy. Prompt thrombectomy resulted in the survival of six patients. One infant died in acute renal failure. Renal function and leg perfusion is satisfactory in the remaining patients, although one child required later operative correction of renovascular hypertension. Two additional patients needed prolonged postoperative antihypertensive therapy for 14 to 34 months before this problem resolved. Long-term follow-up is necessary for managing renovascular hypertension and monitoring lower extremity perfusion. PMID- 3900327 TI - Management of the fetus with congenital hydronephrosis II: Prognostic criteria and selection for treatment. AB - Selecting appropriate management for the fetus with bilateral congenital hydronephrosis depends on our ability to accurately assess the severity of existing renal damage and to predict the potential for recovery of renal and pulmonary function if the obstruction is relieved. We reviewed our experience with 20 fetuses with congenital bilateral hydronephrosis to determine the prognostic value of various criteria used to assess functional potential, including temporary catheter exteriorization to measure fetal urine output and composition. Based on autopsy, biopsy, or clinical outcome, ten fetuses were classified retrospectively as "poor function," and ten fetuses as "good function." The good function group could be distinguished from the poor function group by the following criteria: Amniotic fluid (AF) status at presentation (P less than .001), ultrasound appearance of the fetal kidneys (P less than .05), fetal urine sodium and chloride concentration and osmolarity (P less than .001), and hourly urine output (P less than .02), but not by fetal urine iothalamate excretion or potassium and creatinine concentrations (P greater than .05). Based on these results, we have identified prognostic criteria that accurately identify the fetus with "good function" from the fetus with "poor function." We also reviewed the clinical management of our last 12 unreported cases. Ten fetuses had undergone diagnostic catheter placement and in utero renal function testing. This led to placement of a therapeutic indwelling catheter-shunt in seven fetuses (three required multiple shunts) and a suprapubic vesicostomy in another. Catheter related complications, including three cases of chorioamnionitis, emphasize the need for better methods of in utero decompression in selected cases. Our ability to select appropriate management has improved markedly. PMID- 3900328 TI - Management of esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula in the neonate with severe respiratory distress syndrome. AB - In a 10-year period, 22 neonates with esophageal atresia (EA) and tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) required high pressure ventilatory support soon after birth because of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Eleven of the 22 or 50% survived overall, but if the 5 patients who died before definitive surgical repair could be attempted are excluded, 11 of 17 or 65% survived. More importantly, 4 of 7 (57%) patients who had gastrostomy performed first survived while 7 of 10 (70%) who had fistula ligation performed first survived. The difficulties with intraoperative management of those who had gastrostomy performed first were even more impressive. Our experience leads us to conclude that patients with EA and TEF with severe RDS who require high pressure ventilation preoperatively represent a group of patients who require special consideration. The danger to such patients with increased pulmonary resistance is not gastric distention but sudden loss of intragastric pressure. In the presence of poor lung compliance, the upper gastrointestinal tract functions in continuity with the tracheobronchial tree. A sudden loss of intragastric pressure, as with placement of a gastrostomy tube, results in an acute loss of effective ventilating pressure. Resuscitation of such a patient is not possible until leakage from the esophagus is controlled by ligation of the fistula or transabdominal occlusion of the distal esophagus. Placement of a Fogarty catheter into the fistula via a bronchoscope is effective but may not be feasible in every case. Early thoracotomy and ligation of the fistula in patients with progressive RDS provides immediate improvement in ventilatory efficiency and relief of gastric distention. PMID- 3900329 TI - Pancreatic pseudocyst complicating treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. AB - In the management of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, L-asparaginase has become established as an effective drug in the usual multi-agent therapy; and the significance of pancreatitis as a complication of this drug is well recognized. Less well appreciated, however, is the progression of such pancreatitis in some patients to pseudocyst formation and the possible necessity for surgical management. Two adolescent girls who developed pancreatic pseudocysts while being treated with L-asparaginase are described in this report. Both were being treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia for periods of 18 and 4 months, respectively, prior to the onset of pancreatitis. Both were in remission of their leukemic disease when typical clinical and laboratory manifestations of acute pancreatitis developed. In one girl, a pancreatic pseudocyst became apparent 2 weeks following the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis and in the other girl, this complication developed over a period of 8 weeks. The usual nonsurgical management of pancreatitis over protracted periods of time was ineffective in the treatment of the pseudocysts. Surgical drainage (internal in one and external in the other) was successful in both in eradicating the pseudocyst, and in neither did further evidence of pancreatic disease subsequently occur. In both resumption of chemotherapy, omitting L-asparaginase, was well tolerated. One has been in remission of leukemia and in good health for a 3-year period of follow-up observation, while the other subsequently had a relapse of leukemia and died 18 months following the onset of pancreatitis. PMID- 3900330 TI - Recent assessments of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator. AB - The present paper focuses on approximately two dozen recent published studies that examined reliability and validity of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) in clinical, counseling, and research settings. Several assessments of split-half and test-retest reliability of the standard Form F and shorter Form G of the Inventory have yielded generally satisfactory correlations for all four scales. A larger number of studies of construct validity of the MBTI have yielded support for research hypotheses in situations ranging from correlations of the MBTI with a personality inventory, to couples problems in a counseling setting, to line judgment in groups, and others. Therefore, the applications of the MBTI have been broad, although somewhat unsystematic, and with generally favorable validity assessment. Continued attempts to validate the instrument in a variety of settings are needed. PMID- 3900331 TI - Comparing diagnostic validity of the TAT and a new picture projective test. AB - Diagnostic validity of the TAT and a new picture projective test, the PPT, were compared for normal, depressed, and psychotic subjects. Generally, the PPT elicited more positive emotional tone, more activity, and fewer thematic deviations than the TAT. The PPT and TAT were essentially equal in the capacity to discriminate between stories of normal and depressed subjects; however, the PPT was superior in differentiating psychotics from normals and depressives. On the PPT, depressives told stories with gloomier emotional tone and psychotics made more perceptual distortions, thematic and interpretive deviations. None of these differences were apparent on the TAT. The PPT pictures seem to have more diagnostic validity than the TAT stimuli. PMID- 3900332 TI - A case study comparison of the Draw-A-Person and Kinetic Family Drawing. AB - A case is presented illustrating the diagnostic and therapeutic value of human figure drawings. The case study, an 11-year-old boy recovering from viral encephalitis, compares two projective techniques--the Draw-A-Person and the Kinetic Family Drawing. The tests were administered pre- and post-treatment. The relative merit of each technique within the therapeutic context is discussed. PMID- 3900333 TI - Effect of an N-succinyl-L-trialanine p-nitroanilide-hydrolyzing protease from pronase on glucose metabolism in mice. AB - Effect of an N-succinyl-L-trialanine p-nitroanilide-hydrolyzing protease (STA protease) purified from Pronase on glucose metabolism was investigated by an intravenous injection into fasted mice. The maximum decrease in blood sugar level by STA-protease was observed 2 h after the injection of a dose of 5.0 mg/kg. The hypoglycemic activity was observed with other microbial proteases, such as Pronase E and subtilisin BPN', whereas no activity was found with the modified enzymes which almost wholly lost their proteolytic activities by the treatment with diisopropyl fluorophosphate or guanidine HCl. The increase in blood sugar level by epinephrine and the conversion of [1-14C] pyruvate into blood glucose were distinctly suppressed with STA-protease as well as 5-methoxyindole-2 carboxylic acid (MICA), an inhibitor of gluconeogenesis. A slight increase in glycogen content in diaphragm of mice was observed during 2-4 h after the injection of STA-protease, though it was markedly increased by insulin. In test of glucose tolerance, the increase in blood sugar was distinctly suppressed by insulin but not by STA-protease. Blood lactate level was not subjected to change by STA-protease, in Therefore, STA-protease may affect the in vivo metabolism of glucose in a different way from the in vitro action which has been reported to react with cell surface and consequently to mimic the actions of insulin. PMID- 3900334 TI - Expression in Escherichia coli of streptococcal plasmid-determined erythromycin resistance directed by the cat gene promoter of pACYC 184. AB - The streptococcal erythromycin resistance (Emr) plasmid pSM7 (6.4 kb) and the E. coli vector pACYC184 (4.0 kb) were fused at their single EcoRI sites to form the bifunctional chimeric plasmid pSM7184 (10.4 kb) in which the Emr determinant was placed under control of the chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (cat) promoter of pACYC184. In the sense orientation (orientation I) of pSM7, the cat promoter directed expression of Emr in the E. coli host strains 294 and DB11 more efficiently than did the indigenous transcription signals of pSM7, which were functional in the opposite orientation II. In Streptococcus sanguis (Challis), the level of Emr was independent of the orientation of pSM7 in pACYC184, showing that the cat promoter was not recognized in the gram-positive host. The growth of E. coli (pSM7184I) in a defined medium containing glycerol as carbon source, or containing glucose plus extraneous cyclic 3'-5' adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) led to an Emr level which was 15-30 times higher than that of cultures grown on glucose. These results showed that under control of the cat promoter, Emr is subject to cAMP-mediated catabolite repression and provided conclusive evidence that the enhancement of Emr expression in E. coli carrying pSM7184I is controlled at the transcriptional level. Besides enabling us to determine the orientation of transcription of the Emr gene in pSM7 and related vectors, this work also made available new bifunctional cloning vehicles able to replicate in both E. coli and S. sanguis. PMID- 3900335 TI - The role of nutrition in pregnancy course and outcome. AB - Much has been learned during the past several decades about the role of nutrition in the course and outcome of pregnancy. While the bulk of the data is derived from animal models, human observations are gradually accumulating. It is generally appreciated at the present time that the fetus is not a "perfect parasite"; maternal stores can be drawn upon for support but a limit exists as to the ability of the fetus to drain maternal supplies. The consequences of poor maternal nutrition range from prevention of pregnancy (through the development of amenorrhea) to the stimulation of spontaneous abortion, stillbirth and congenital malformations. Limited maternal weight gain and subsequent low birth weight is the most common result of suboptimal maternal nutrition. The impact of excessive nutrient intake during pregnancy is poorly understood at the present time. Additional work is also required to clarify the impact of toxic agents consumed by women through water, foods, or nutritional supplements. PMID- 3900336 TI - Drug-food and drug-nutrient interactions. PMID- 3900338 TI - Facilitation of nutritional assessment by computer dietary analysis. AB - Dietary nutritional analysis, an important component of nutritional assessment, has been greatly advanced by computers. Computers save time and money and allow more analyses to be performed. A Nutrient Data Bank is being developed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the Food and Drug Administration and others. Computers calculate many useful statistical relationships and can interact with users to perform interviews. New uses include field surveys and dental and medical practice with dietitians who are Consulting Nutritionists. Possible home computer uses are suggested. PMID- 3900337 TI - Microorganisms, malabsorption, diarrhea and dysnutrition. PMID- 3900339 TI - Zinc metabolism in man. PMID- 3900340 TI - Endogenous angiotensin II facilitates sympathetically mediated hemodynamic responses in pithed rats. AB - The influence of endogenous angiotensin II on the hemodynamic responses to electrical stimulation of the sympathetic outflow was assessed in pithed male normotensive Wistar rats fitted with aortic flow probes for continuous measurement of cardiac output (CO). The frequency-related increments (0.25-4.0 Hz) in blood pressure (BP) and total peripheral resistance (TPR) were significantly attenuated by treating animals with the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor captopril (5 mg/kg i.v.) or the angiotensin II receptor antagonist saralasin (10 micrograms/kg/min i.v.). However, the increments in CO and heart rate during neural stimulation were unaffected by blockade of the renin angiotensin system. After captopril treatment, infusion of angiotensin II (40 ng/kg/min i.v.) to replace the loss of endogenous angiotensin II restored stimulation-induced TPR and BP responses toward precaptopril levels; CO and heart rate responses to stimulation were not altered. The hemodynamic responses to exogenous norepinephrine were affected by inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system with captopril and saralasin in a manner analogous to the neurally mediated responses. The results obtained with nerve stimulation and norepinephrine indicate that endogenous angiotensin II selectively interacted with sympathetic neural control of vascular resistance, whereas cardiac responsiveness to noradrenergic neurons was not altered. Moreover, in the absence of nerve stimulation, the antagonism of the renin-angiotensin system lowered base line BP by reducing CO without measurably affecting TPR. Infusion of angiotensin II reversed these effects and restored BP toward precaptopril levels by increasing CO without measurably affecting TPR.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3900341 TI - Six-year report of the periodontal health of fixed and removable partial denture abutment teeth. AB - There were minimal differences in longitudinal periodontal effects when fixed and removable partial dentures were compared. Both treatment alternatives provide long-term periodontal health and should be considered for the restoration of a partially edentulous arch. Regardless of treatment, conscientious home care and professional prophylaxis are recommended. PMID- 3900342 TI - Cantilevered fixed partial dentures in a geriatric population: preliminary report. AB - This study has shown that treatment with distally extending cantilever fixed partial dentures is a favorable alternative to treatment with removable partial dentures in elderly patients with reduced dentition. In patients with anterior teeth and one or two premolar teeth remaining in the mandible, sufficient occlusal stabilization for a maxillary complete denture was provided by a two- or three-unit cantilever fixed partial denture. A pronounced improvement in chewing function and stability of the maxillary denture was expressed, even by patients who were previously well adapted to wearing removable partial dentures. PMID- 3900344 TI - Automixing: a new concept in elastomeric impression material delivery systems. AB - Automixing of impression materials has been shown to reduce or eliminate many of the problems associated with spatula-mixing. Contamination is prevented, voids are eliminated, and physical properties are comparable to those of spatula-mixed materials. These advantages in combination with the desirability of the system should ensure its success and further development. PMID- 3900343 TI - Cantilever fixed prosthesis replacing the maxillary lateral incisor: design consideration. AB - A variation in design of a cantilever fixed prosthesis is suggested using a wrap around configuration of the mesial surface of the lateral incisor pontic. The preparation on the canine is modified with one or more shallow grooves to provide additional resistance to rotational forces. All occlusal contacts on the lateral incisor pontic are avoided. PMID- 3900345 TI - An esthetic control system for fixed and removable prosthodontics. AB - A set of devices and techniques has been developed to convey to the dental laboratory technician the information that is essential for the correct placement and alignment of anterior crowns, pontics, or denture teeth. The system brings a measure of accuracy and control to the esthetic aspect of prosthodontics that is taken for granted in other procedures. PMID- 3900346 TI - Effects of porcelain-metal junction angulation on porcelain fracture. AB - The different porcelain-metal junction angulations from 45 to 135 degrees have no effect on the amount of compressive force required to fracture the porcelain. The compressive force required to fracture the samples was reduced by half when the contacts were placed 1 or 2 mm from the porcelain-metal junction. Nevertheless, even at 2 mm from the porcelain-metal junction, the compressive strength was approximately six times that of the average biting force. Therefore, clinical fractures are not the result of biting force but possibly the burnishing effect on the metal as the patient slides through the junction. An experiment designed to study a sliding force on the porcelain-metal junction is needed to understand the causes of fracture that originate there and to determine an optimum distance for the placement of occlusal contacts. PMID- 3900347 TI - Impression distortion from abutment tooth inclination in removable partial dentures. PMID- 3900348 TI - Influence of fabrication technique on wrought wire clasp flexibility. PMID- 3900349 TI - Comparison of rigid and flexible obturation for surgical cleft of the soft palate. PMID- 3900350 TI - Prosthodontic rehabilitation of midfacial defects. AB - A definition and classification of midfacial defects has been presented with a systematic approach to the prosthetic restoration of these defects. Patient factors, prognostic and diagnostic considerations, clinical procedures, fabrication, materials, and retention have been discussed. Patients with complex orofacial defects can be provided with prosthodontic treatment that results in an acceptable appearance and function consistent with the deficits encountered (Figs. 14 and 15). PMID- 3900351 TI - Rapid and economic dowel pin placement. PMID- 3900352 TI - Alteration of wax occlusion rims. PMID- 3900353 TI - An aid in making a provisional fixed restoration. PMID- 3900354 TI - Separating agent for direct lift-off porcelain shoulder restorations. PMID- 3900355 TI - "Management of loading forces in mandibular distal-extension prostheses. Part I. Evaluation of concepts for design". PMID- 3900356 TI - Insulin and sepsis. PMID- 3900358 TI - Incidence of gonorrhoea in leucorrhoea cases. PMID- 3900357 TI - Shigellosis (antibiotic resistance and transfer of R-factor). PMID- 3900359 TI - Bacteriocin production in Salmonella. PMID- 3900360 TI - Gastrointestinal hormones in anorexia nervosa. AB - A study was undertaken of fasting and post-prandial blood levels of glucose and a number of gastrointestinal hormones in patients with anorexia nervosa. After an overnight fast their blood levels of glucose, insulin and pancreatic glucagon were significantly lower than those of age-sex matched healthy volunteers. There were no significant differences in the levels of gastrin, total glucagon-like immunoreactivity, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, pancreatic polypeptide, secretin and gastric inhibitory polypeptide. Serial blood samples were taken for up to two hours after the ingestion of a standard mixed meal (450 kcal) and these showed a significant glucose intolerance, a reduced and delayed insulin response, and a reduced release of gastric inhibitory polypeptide, as compared with the controls. There was an increased release of pancreatic polypeptide but the difference in the post-prandial hormone profile between patients and controls for gastrin did not reach statistical significance. PMID- 3900361 TI - Psychotherapy for bulimia: a controlled study. AB - A psychotherapy study for bulimia is described. The preliminary results of a random allocation control trial comparing cognitive behaviour therapy, behaviour therapy and group psychotherapy with a waiting list control are presented. The results of the first 60 subjects in active treatment are shown. They indicate that all three treatments are effective in dramatically reducing the behavioural symptoms of the bulimia syndrome. There is evidence that cognitive therapy has a greater effect on symptoms of depression and self-esteem. No evidence is yet available on the longterm outcome of the three treatments. PMID- 3900362 TI - A double-blind trial of phenelzine in bulimia. AB - Thirty normal weight women with bulimia completed a double-blind, placebo controlled trial of phenelzine sulfate. The results demonstrate a significant therapeutic advantage for phenelzine over placebo. Preliminary data suggest that phenelzine may be of benefit even to non-depressed patients with bulimia. PMID- 3900363 TI - Richard Morton, 1637-1698, limner of anorexia nervosa: his life and times. A tercentenary essay. PMID- 3900364 TI - Ascetic ideals and anorexia nervosa. AB - The asceticism that characterises anorexia nervosa, has received little attention in the literature. One reason for this omission may be our reluctance to transcend familiar paradigms. Asceticism implies a spiritual or religious foundation for the practices it denotes; moreover, the precise nature of the foundation is obscure. This paper examines the syndrome of anorexia nervosa within the historical context of the ascetic tradition, with particular reference to the life of Saint Catherine of Siena. PMID- 3900365 TI - Archival exploration of anorexia nervosa. AB - This study explores the use of hospital archives to establish a wider view of the history of anorexia nervosa and similar symptomatic presentations in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The research incorporates a detailed investigation of admission registers and case records relating to over 36 000 admissions to two general infirmaries and four asylums. In addition, an extensive search has been made of printed medical sources for this period. The study clarifies both the range and limitations of information derived from hospital records and gives perspective to the accepted nineteenth century accounts of anorexia nervosa. PMID- 3900366 TI - The mitochondrion of Plasmodium falciparum visualized by rhodamine 123 fluorescence. AB - Rhodamine 123 (Rh123) has been used to probe the functional status of the mitochondrion present within the asexual, intraerythrocytic stages of the malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum. This cationic fluorescent dye accumulates specifically in negatively charged cellular compartments, such as mitochondria. Using epifluorescence microscopy the development of what appears to be a single mitochondrion has been followed through the intraerythrocytic cycle. Mitochondrial development progresses from a fine thread-like organelle that becomes longer and eventually branched. Each daughter merozoite receives a branch or piece of the parent organelle. Cytoplasmic Rh123 accumulation was also observed, indicating that there exists a transmembrane potential across the outer plasma and parasitophorous vacuolar membranes of the parasite. The effects of uncouplers (protonophores), ionophores, and inhibitors were examined by monitoring Rh123 accumulation and retention. Our results demonstrate that the mitochondrion of P. falciparum actively maintains a high transmembrane potential, the function of which is as yet undefined. PMID- 3900367 TI - Eimeria ladronensis n. sp. and E. albigulae (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from the woodrat, Neotoma albigula (Rodentia: Cricetidae). AB - Of 50 white-throated woodrats (Neotoma albigula) collected from Socorro Co., New Mexico, 21 (42%) had eimerian oocysts in their feces when examined. Of the 21 Neotoma found positive for Eimeria, 19 (90%) harbored a single eimerian species at time of examination. Eimeria albigulae Levine, Ivens & Kruidenier, 1957, was found in 18 (86%), and E. ladronensis n. sp. was found in five (24%) infected woodrats. Sporulated oocysts of E. ladronensis are ellipsoidal, 19-25 X 13-15 (21.4 +/- 1.3 X 14.1 +/- 1.1) micron, have a smooth wall and one or two polar granules, but lack a micropyle and an oocyst residuum. Sporocysts are tapered at one end, 7-10 X 6-7 (8.5 +/- 0.7 X 6.5 +/- 0.3) micron, and have a Stieda body and sporocyst residuum, but no substieda body. Prepatent periods for E. albigulae and E. ladronensis n. sp. are 5-6 and 8-9 days, respectively; patent periods are 7-18 and approximately 11 days, respectively. PMID- 3900368 TI - Relevance of hemin for in vitro differentiation of Trypanosoma cruzi. AB - Simple culture conditions that allow good growth and high yields of trypomastigotes are described. The proportion of metacyclic trypomastigotes increases with the concentration of hemin in the culture medium, reaching a peak of 80% after 10 days with 20 mg hemin/liter. PMID- 3900369 TI - Histocompatibility: an historical perspective. PMID- 3900370 TI - A medical man with a flying machine. PMID- 3900371 TI - The physician decried: a random historical survey, 1450-1750. PMID- 3900372 TI - Empyema, subphrenic abscess and pyaemic splenic necrosis. A rare complication of Salmonella enteritidis infection. PMID- 3900373 TI - [Synovial cysts of the hip. Diagnosis by x-ray computed tomography]. AB - Report of eleven synovial cysts of the hip, associated with osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis, whose the diagnostic problems have been resolved by computed tomography. This technique is proving so efficient in the diagnosis of nature and extension that the other radiological examinations become useless. PMID- 3900374 TI - [Non-traumatic myositis ossificans. Ultrasonic and x-ray computed tomographic aspects. Apropos of a case]. AB - Radiology in a patient with non-traumatic myositis ossificans produced standard images suggestive of juxta-cortical osteosarcoma, the peripheral form of a chondrosarcoma or a synovial sarcoma. Ultrasound failed to provide a conclusive diagnosis, and a scan was the only means of suggesting the benign nature of the lesion by demonstrating integrity of bony cortex and characteristic disposition of calcifications. PMID- 3900375 TI - [The ultrasonic image in gallbladder lithiasis: the capped-chimney-rock image]. PMID- 3900376 TI - The role of isotonic and hypertonic solutions in the resuscitation of shocked patients. AB - The role of intravenous salt solutions in resuscitation is reviewed historically. A brief account of the pathophysiology of shock is given. The particular use of hypertonic solutions in the resuscitation of severely shocked patients is reviewed and its mechanism of action discussed. It is considered that hypertonic solutions may find a role in any future major military conflict. Two hypertonic solutions that are suggested for consideration in this context are 12% sodium chloride (2 mmol/ml) and 8.4% sodium bicarbonate (1 mmol/ml). PMID- 3900377 TI - 'The smart of the knife'--early anaesthesia in the services. PMID- 3900378 TI - Colonel Sir William Heaton Horrocks, KCMG, CB. PMID- 3900379 TI - Semen-induced ovulation in the bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus). AB - Bactrian camels (63 female female, 8 male male) were used in the breeding season to determine the factors that will induce ovulation. After insemination of semen samples into the vagina, the ovaries were checked for ovulation by rectal palpation. The results indicated that ovulation was induced by the seminal plasma, but not by the spermatozoa, and the incidence of ovulation after insemination was 87%. Most of the females (66%) had ovulated by 36 h after insemination and the rest by 48 h, as after natural service. The least amount of semen required to elicit ovulation was about 1.0 ml. Intramuscular injections of LH, hCG and LHRH also caused ovulation, even in females that had not ovulated in response to insemination. PMID- 3900380 TI - Immunohistochemical localization of immunoglobulins A, G and M in the mouse female genital tract. AB - The localization of immunoglobulins A, G and M (IgA, IgG, IgM) in the mouse genital tract was studied by immunoperoxidase techniques at oestrus, on the day of mating and at the time of implantation. In the horns and body of the uterus, IgA and IgG were located in plasma cells in the endometrium surrounding uterine glands and in the gland lumina. The numbers of these plasma cells increased markedly between Day 1 and Days 4 and 5 of pregnancy and the ratio of plasma cells containing IgA and IgG was about 3 or 4 to 1 at all stages. Area measurements indicated that the increased number of plasmacytes was not due to an increase in the amount of endometrial, myometrial or glandular tissues. Plasma cells were not detected in the cervix and vaginal fornix at oestrus and Day 1, but a few were present on Day 5. In the oviduct, plasma cells containing IgA and IgG were present only in the preampulla and both immunoglobulins were present in the extracellular space of the lamina propria only in this region. No IgM was detected in any part of the reproductive tract at any of the times studied. Uteri on Day 1 of pregnancy contained bacteria of several kinds, some of which were aggregated and coated with IgA. This suggests that the uterine lumen at this time may contain specific anti-bacterial IgA antibodies. Our observations indicate that the horns and body of the uterus and the preampulla of the oviduct are major sites of a local immune system in the female mouse genital tract. PMID- 3900381 TI - Morphological change of the acrosome on motile bovine spermatozoa due to storage at 4 degrees C. AB - Swelling of the apical ridge and anterior acrosome of motile bovine spermatozoa was observed during in-vitro storage using differential interference-contrast optics. This morphological alteration is different from that described as the false acrosome reaction on immotile spermatozoa, apparent in ageing semen samples and which has been associated with cell death. In this study, transmission electron microscopy revealed that the apical ridge acrosomal matrix was extended into complex folds and/or projections. Acrosomal and plasma membrane integrity was retained. Storing spermatozoa (1500 X 10(6)/ml) in seminal plasma at 4 degrees C for 1 day was most conducive to the swelling of the apical ridge. Replacing seminal plasma with egg yolk-citrate inhibited swelling. However, incubating semen at 37 degrees C in egg yolk-Tris-fructose extender (25 X 10(6) spermatozoa/ml) after storage in egg yolk-citrate at 4 degrees C for greater than or equal to 3 days restored the swelling characteristic. PMID- 3900382 TI - Neuroendocrine responsiveness to oestradiol and male urine in neonatally androgenized prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster). AB - The influence of neonatal androgenization on behavioural receptivity was tested by treating female voles on the 3rd day of life with testosterone propionate or with the oil vehicle. After treatment in adulthood with urine or with oestradiol benzoate, androgenized voles were less likely than normal females to display behavioural oestrus and were more likely to engage in agonistic behaviour in tests with stud males. Uteri of androgenized and control females treated with oestradiol benzoate in adulthood manifested similar increases in weight; however, only normal females treated with male urine showed increased uterine weights. Males castrated in adulthood did not display lordosis after treatment with oestradiol benzoate. Sexual differentiation induced by neonatal testicular secretions appears to limit responsiveness of the adult neuroendocrine axis to chemosensory stimuli in male urine. PMID- 3900383 TI - Photoperiod-induced changes in the testicular metabolism of [4-14C]17 alpha hydroxyprogesterone in the bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus). AB - Minces of the testes of bank voles, born and reared in a long (18L:6D) photoperiod until weaning (18-22 days of age) and subjected thereafter to a short (6L:18D, Group S) or a long (18L:6D, Group L) photoperiod for 6-9 weeks, were incubated with [4-14C]17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone in the presence of cofactors (NADP/NADPH, 1.3 mmol/1) for 1 h at 37 degrees C. The radioactive metabolites were characterized and identified by thin-layer chromatography with derivative formation and chromatography to constant specific activity and isotope ratio. In Group L virtually all of the substrate was utilized and it was readily converted to androgens (48% of the radioactivity recovered) such as androstenedione and testosterone. The only pregnane metabolite identified was 17 alpha-hydroxy,20 alpha-dihydroxyprogesterone (43.3%). In Group S there was a decreased production of 17 alpha-hydroxy,20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone and androgens (25.4% and 10.4% respectively) and a substantial portion of the substrate was not metabolized (38.8%). The main androgen metabolites identified, androst-4-ene-3 beta,17 beta diol and 5 alpha-androstane-3,17-dione are hormonally quite inert steroids. No androstenedione or testosterone was found. The results indicate that exposure to short photoperiod induces a decrease in the testicular C17-C20 lyase and 20 alpha hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. PMID- 3900384 TI - Investigation of sperm cytotoxicity as an indicator of ability of antisera to detect male-specific antigen on preimplantation mouse embryos. AB - H-Y antisera were produced in C57BL/6 female mice by repeated intraperitoneal injections of syngeneic male spleen cells. Epididymal spermatozoa were incubated in the presence of H-Y antisera and guinea-pig serum as a complement source. Levels of ATP remaining after treatment were used to calculate the amount of specific killing. Sera of different cytotoxic titres were used in an indirect immunofluorescent assay with a fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated IgG fraction of goat anti-mouse IgG (Fc fragment specific) as second antibody. Embryos were classified as fluorescent or nonfluorescent, transferred to pseudopregnant recipients, and allowed to develop to term. Of 12 sera tested for sperm cytotoxicity, 5 were different from a nonimmunized control serum (P less than 0.05). Percentage specific killing in each of these sera was 7.8 +/- 4.2, 11.7 +/ 3.0, 26.0 +/- 2.2, 27.7 +/- 3.7 and 39.2 +/- 4.8, respectively (mean +/- s.e.m. with three replicates). The 5 sera and an additional one (4.9 +/- 1.3% specific killing) were used in the embryo sexing experiment. The accuracy with which these sera correctly identified sex of preimplantation embryos was 60, 46, 74, 73, 74 and 48%, respectively. Correlation coefficients were 0.86 (P less than 0.05) for specific sperm cytotoxicity and percentage of nonfluorescent embryos that were female and 0.78 (n.s.) for specific sperm cytotoxicity and percentage of fluorescent embryos that were male. Therefore, although the sperm cytotoxicity test is useful for screening antisera for the study of H-Y antigen expression on preimplantation embryos, nonfluorescent embryos are more accurately classified as females than are fluorescent embryos as male. PMID- 3900385 TI - Acid and neutral alpha-glucosidase in the reproductive organs and seminal plasma of the bull. AB - A synthetic substrate (p-nitrophenyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside) was used to measure the acid and neutral alpha-glucosidase activity in bull seminal plasma, spermatozoa and in homogenates of bull reproductive organs. Marked differences were observed in the activities of these enzymes in the various tissues studied. Epididymis and particularly its caput region contained the highest specific activity of acid alpha-glucosidase. The activity of neutral alpha-glucosidase was highest in testis and in different parts of the epididymis. Seminal plasma, spermatozoa and seminal vesicle secretion contained only the acid enzyme activity. After fractionation with anion exchange chromatography in HPLC (Mono Q) and chromatofocussing, acid alpha-glucosidase activity of seminal plasma was recovered in two fractions with different pI values. The corresponding activities were found in the secretion of seminal vesicles, which thus form the major secretory source of seminal plasma acid alpha-glucosidase. In the fractionation with gel filtration on Sepharose 6B, the acid alpha-glucosidase had a smaller molecular weight than did the neutral enzyme. In anion exchange chromatography and chromatofocussing the testicular and epididymal homogenates each contained two acid and two neutral isoenzymes. In both fractionations the elution pattern of acid alpha-glucosidase was clearly different from that of the enzymes in seminal plasma. The pH optimum of acid alpha-glucosidase ranged from 3.75 to 4.5 and that of the neutral enzyme from 6.5 to 7.0. The neutral activity was more sensitive to many divalent metal ions and differences were also observed in the response of the enzymes to different concentrations of turanose and KCl. PMID- 3900386 TI - The expression of major histocompatibility complex antigens by trophoblast in ectopic tubal pregnancy. AB - The reactivity of the various trophoblast populations found in ectopic fallopian tube pregnancy with established trophoblast-reactive markers and monoclonal antibodies to MHC antigens has been studied. In ectopic tubal pregnancy fetal trophoblast shows an identical reaction pattern with these antibodies to that seen in intrauterine pregnancy, suggesting that ectopic implantation is not related to an inherent immunological abnormality of fetal trophoblast. However, from this and other studies, it appears that extravillous trophoblast displays an unusual class I MHC antigenic structure. This observation may explain the ability of class I MHC--bearing fetal trophoblast--to survive both in the uterus and at an abnormal implantation site. PMID- 3900387 TI - Hyperparathyroidism in pregnancy with sonographic documentation of a parathyroid adenoma. A case report. AB - Hyperparathyroidism in pregnancy is associated with significant morbidity for both mother and child. Surgical intervention allows improved outcomes for both. The case presented here illustrates the approach to the pregnant patient with hypercalcemia and the role of ultrasound in visualizing a parathyroid adenoma. PMID- 3900388 TI - Endometrial reaction after embryo replacement. A report of two cases. AB - Embryo replacement is almost always done blindly. Two cases illustrate how fundal trauma at embryo replacement can result in an endometrial reaction seen on ultrasound scan. PMID- 3900389 TI - Use of a large Foley catheter balloon to control postpartum hemorrhage resulting from a low placental implantation. A report of two cases. AB - In two cases postpartum hemorrhage resulted from placental implantation in the noncontractile cervical segment of the uterus. The hemorrhage was controlled successfully by inflating a large Foley catheter balloon with 60 ml of saline inside the cervical canal. The tamponade was the only therapy necessary. In some cases this technique may be useful in slowing the bleeding while stabilizing the patient and preparing for definitive treatment. PMID- 3900390 TI - Surgical approach to failed cervical cerclage. A report of three cases. AB - Failed cervical cerclage, which requires removal of the suture for hemorrhage, infection or cervical dilation, may offer an opportunity for another cerclage during the same pregnancy. In three cases a variant of the McDonald technique was used to successfully complete pregnancy. PMID- 3900391 TI - Comparative specificities of serum and synovial cell 19S IgM rheumatoid factors in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Rheumatoid factor (RF) may play a role in sustaining the inflammatory events and tissue damage in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, many serum RF have greater specificity for rabbit IgG than for human IgG, thus raising questions about RF pathogenicity in RA. Serum RF also has specificity for human IgG subclasses 1, 2 and 4, but not for IgG3. The synovium is central to the pathology of RA; thus, RF made there may have greater pathogenicity than serum RF. We examined the specificity of 19S IgM RF in an RF plaque forming cell assay (RF-PFC) using RA synovial cells (RSC). We found that: (1) RSC produced greater numbers of RF PFC/10(6) cells than did RA peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM); (2) RSC RF PFC had greater specificity for human than for rabbit IgG compared to autologous serum RF; (3) RSC RF had significantly greater specificity for human IgG3 relative to autologous serum RF. In contrast, RSC RF and autologous serum RF had the same relative specificities for polyclonal human IgG, IgG1, IgG2, and IgG4. Thus, the specificity of much of the RF synthesized by RSC differed from serum RF. The potential pathogenic significance of these observations is discussed. PMID- 3900392 TI - Antihyperuricemic properties of amflutizole in gout. AB - The antihyperuricemic properties of amflutizole were investigated in studies designed to determine its efficacy and mechanisms of action in individuals with gout and hyperuricemia. In a randomized double blind, multiple dose, crossover study of 29 patients, amflutizole caused a significant dose dependent reduction in serum urate concentrations. Mean serum urate concentrations decreased significantly from 9.6 +/- 1.5 mg/dl to 7.2 +/- 1.3 mg/dl with the 500 mg dosage (p less than 0.01). Detailed studies in 5 patients demonstrated evidence for modest xanthine oxidase inhibition. However, the majority of the antihyperuricemic effect was derived from an enhanced renal clearance of uric acid. Although the drug has significant antihyperuricemic properties, these were inadequate to achieve adequate control of the serum urate concentration in hyperuricemia and gout at the doses utilized. PMID- 3900393 TI - The efficacy of diflunisal in osteoarthritis of the knee. A Canadian Multicenter Study. AB - Diflunisal, a long acting antiinflammatory analgesic was compared in high (1000 mg daily) and low (750 mg daily) doses with placebo in a randomized, double blind study of 6 weeks' duration in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee. Two hundred twenty-seven patients from 47 centers completed the study--high dose 69, low dose 88 and placebo 70. Pain relief was significantly greater with both doses of diflunisal than with placebo. Both patient and investigator global opinions reflected significantly greater efficacy with diflunisal. Although there was a trend in favour of the higher dose, no statistically significant differences in efficacy were found between the 2 doses of diflunisal studied. Overall adverse reactions with diflunisal were no more frequent than with placebo, but gastrointestinal side effects were significantly greater with the higher dose. PMID- 3900394 TI - Rare adverse reactions to nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (3). PMID- 3900395 TI - Penicillamine induced pemphigus. AB - Three cases of penicillamine induced pemphigus are described and compared to 35 previously reported cases with typical direct immunofluorescence. The incidence in our clinic was 0.57%. The penicillamine dose ranged from 250 to 1500 mg/day and the mean duration of treatment was 11 months at the onset of pemphigus in the 38 cases. Morphology and immunopathology was indistinguishable from spontaneously occurring pemphigus. The majority of cases resolved within 4 months after stopping, penicillamine; however, 8 cases, including 2 in this report, have persistent pemphigus. PMID- 3900396 TI - Rheumatoid arthritis: supplemental L-cysteine in penicillamine treatment--a controlled study. PMID- 3900397 TI - Readers of anatomy at the Barber-Surgeons' Company in the Tudor period. PMID- 3900399 TI - Colonic ulceration and haemorrhage in renal transplantation. PMID- 3900398 TI - New properties and roles for eosinophils in disease: discussion paper. PMID- 3900400 TI - Scrotal ultrasound. AB - Scrotal ultrasonography has been performed in 105 men with a variety of intrascrotal conditions. The range of pathology interpreted by this technique is presented and its diagnostic accuracy evaluated. The clinical application and usefulness of this noninvasive method of imaging scrotal contents is discussed. PMID- 3900401 TI - Exercise in non-mammalian vertebrates: a review. PMID- 3900403 TI - Budd-Chiari syndrome treated with acylated streptokinase-plasminogen complex. PMID- 3900402 TI - Some forgotten contributions of naval surgeons. PMID- 3900404 TI - Historical perspective: North American traditional and experimental response. PMID- 3900405 TI - Design, synthesis, and testing of insulin hexamer-stabilizing agents. AB - The addition of zinc to insulin solution leads to a long-acting insulin preparation because the zinc stabilizes the less soluble hexameric form of the hormone. It is clear from the crystal structure of dizinc insulin that there is a space at the center of the hexamer, between the two zinc atoms, that could accommodate a small organic molecule. It should thus be possible to design a structure that could further stabilize the insulin hexamer by binding at this site. Computer graphic techniques have been used to design several molecules capable of forming multiple bonds to the six histidine residues surrounding the site. Synthesis and testing of one of these compounds, benzene-1,4-disulfonic acid, show a significant increase in weight-average molecular weight of insulin in solution, and control experiments with related structures suggest that this effect is due to the proposed binding mechanism. PMID- 3900406 TI - Protection against Yersinia infection induced by non-virulence-plasmid-encoded antigens. AB - Specific immunity against Yersinia was induced by plasmid-encoded antigens not associated with virulence. Mice were immunised with viable bacteria from a virulence-plasmid-cured strain of Y. pseudotuberculosis. This antigenic stimulation generated specific protection against virulence-plasmid-harbouring strains of Y. pseudotuberculosis and Y. pestis, demonstrating that protection can be generated by organisms lacking plasmid-encoded virulence antigens. PMID- 3900407 TI - Immune responses to the protein, carbohydrate and lipid antigens of Nocardia asteroides in experimental nocardiosis in mice. AB - The intravenous injection of Nocardia asteroides into mice produced systemic nocardiosis involving all the vital organs. Infection of the kidneys and adrenals was more persistent and progressive than in other organs as evidenced by increased bacterial counts and histopathological findings. During the course of the experimental infection, no humoral immune response was detected against various protein antigens up to 4 weeks after challenge, but significant cell mediated immunity (CMI) was found. Phospholipid antigens elicited only a humoral immune response. The increased CMI responses with protein antigens correlated well with the decreasing bacterial load, which suggested that CMI against proteins was important in the pathogenesis of this disease. PMID- 3900408 TI - Antiestrogen effects on human blood lymphocyte subpopulations in vitro. AB - Human blood lymphocytes were incubated for 24 hr in medium containing various therapeutic concentrations of the antiestrogenic drug Tamoxifen. This treatment resulted in a diminished expression of C'3-receptors on the cells as detected by a rosette technique (EAC-rosettes). The expression of membrane receptors for sheep red blood cells (SRBC) was not changed under the experimental conditions used. PMID- 3900409 TI - Inflammatory polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocytes; orientation, chemotactic, locomotor and phagocytic capabilities of neutrophils from the human gingival crevice. AB - The chemotactic, chemokinetic and phagocytic capacity of neutrophils from blood and from gingival crevicular washings of the same subjects were compared in visual assays, i.e. time-lapse cinematography and an orientation assay. A high proportion of the cells in both populations was motile, but the mean speed of locomotion of the crevicular cells was lower than that of the blood cells, indicating a relative impairment of chemokinesis. The differences between blood and crevicular cells in their capacity to migrate towards and phagocytose blastospores of Candida albicans in fresh serum were not significant, though crevicular cells were slightly less efficient in orienting towards sources of chemotactic gradients of various factors. Thus there is not a major defect of chemotaxis or phagocytosis of crevicular neutrophils. PMID- 3900410 TI - Monoclonal antibody to myosin derived from mice immunized with gastric mucosal cells. AB - A monoclonal IgMk antibody secreted by a hybrid (MUI-6) of mouse plasmacytoma NS 1 with spleen cells from a mouse immunized with canine parietal cell-enriched gastric mucosal cells was tested for immunofluorescence reactivity with gastric mucosal cells, tissue sections and monolayer cultures of rat fibroblasts. The antibody did not react with the cell membrane of parietal cells but reacted with smooth muscle fibres and skeletal muscle striations. In non-muscle cells, the antibody reacted with parietal cell cytoplasm, liver in a "polygonal" pattern, renal glomeruli, brush borders and peritubular fibrils of renal tubules, thymic medulla, brush borders of small intestinal mucosal cells, and cerebellar astrocytes, synaptic endings and synaptic glomeruli. In fibroblast monolayers, the antibody stained stress fibres in an interrupted pattern and in spreading fibroblasts, the antibody stained the microfibrillar network. Stress fibre staining was disrupted by treatment of cells with cytochalasin B. Immunoblots showed that the antibody reacted with a 200 K protein in 3T3 cells and with a preparation of myosin from rat liver. PMID- 3900412 TI - Images of arterioles in unfixed tissue obtained by acoustic microscopy. AB - A scanning acoustic microscope operating at 600 MHz was used to observe arterioles in a thin sheet of collagenous connective tissue dissected from the submucosa of the guinea-pig small intestine. The arterioles were clearly defined in images made using transmitted ultrasound, and the acoustic attenuation (alpha) of the arteriolar wall was estimated to be 120 cm-1. Images made using reflected ultrasound did not show the arterioles clearly. PMID- 3900411 TI - Permeabilization of transformed cells in culture by external ATP. PMID- 3900413 TI - Transformation of yeast with linearized plasmid DNA. Formation of inverted dimers and recombinant plasmid products. AB - The molecular products of DNA double strand break repair were investigated after transformation of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) with linearized plasmid DNA. DNA of an autonomous yeast plasmid cleaved to generate free ends lacking homology with the yeast genome, when used in transformation along with sonicated non homologous carrier DNA, gave rise to transformants with high frequency. Most of these transformants were found to harbor a head-to-head (inverted) dimer of the linearized plasmid. This outcome of transformation contrasts with that observed when the carrier DNA is not present. Transformants occur at a much reduced frequency and harbor either the parent plasmid or a plasmid with deletion at the site of the cleavage. When the linearized plasmid is introduced along with sonicated carrier DNA and a homologous DNA restriction fragment that spans the site of plasmid cleavage, homologous recombination restores the plasmid to its original circular form. Inverted dimer plasmids are not detected. This relationship between homologous recombination and a novel DNA transaction that yields rearrangement could be important to the cell, as the latter could lead to a loss of gene function and lethality. PMID- 3900414 TI - Temperature dependence of the rate constants of the Escherichia coli RNA polymerase-lambda PR promoter interaction. Assignment of the kinetic steps corresponding to protein conformational change and DNA opening. AB - The kinetics of formation and of dissociation of open complexes (RPo) between Escherichia coli RNA polymerase (R) and the lambda PR promoter (P) have been studied as a function of temperature in the physiological range using the nitrocellulose filter binding assay. The kinetic data provide further evidence for the mechanism R + P in equilibrium I1 in equilibrium I2 in equilibrium RPo, where I1 and I2 are kinetically distinguishable intermediate complexes at this promoter which do not accumulate under the reaction conditions investigated. The overall second-order association rate constant (ka) increases dramatically with increasing temperature, yielding a temperature-dependent activation energy in the range 20 kcal (near 37 degrees C) to 40 kcal (near 13 degrees C) (1 kcal = 4.184 kJ). Both isomerization steps (I1----I2 and I2----RPo) appear to be highly temperature dependent. Except at low temperatures (less than 13 degrees C) the step I1----I2, which we attribute to a conformational change in the polymerase with a large negative delta Cp degrees value, is rate-limiting at the reactant concentrations investigated and hence makes the dominant contribution to the apparent activation energy of the pseudo first-order association reaction. The subsequent step I2----RPo, which we attribute to DNA melting, has a higher activation energy (in excess of 100 kcal) but only becomes rate-limiting at low temperature (less than 13 degrees C). The initial binding step R + P in equilibrium I1 appears to be in equilibrium on the time-scale of the isomerization reactions under all conditions investigated; the equilibrium constant for this step is not a strong function of temperature and is approximately 10(7) M-1 under the standard ionic conditions of the assay (40 mM Tris . HCl (pH 8.0), 10 mM-MgCl2, 0.12 M-KC1). The activation energy of the dissociation reaction becomes increasingly negative at low temperatures, ranging from approximately -9 kcal near 37 degrees C to -30 kcal near 13 degrees C. Thermodynamic (van't Hoff) enthalpies delta H degrees of open complex formation consequently are large and temperature-dependent, increasing from approximately 29 to 70 kcal as the temperature is reduced from 37 to 13 degrees C. The corresponding delta Cp degrees value is approximately -2.4 kcal/deg. We propose that this large negative delta Cp degrees value arises primarily from the burial of hydrophobic surface in the conformational change (I1 in equilibrium I2) in RNA polymerase in the key second step of the mechanism.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3900415 TI - Yeast tRNAAsp tertiary structure in solution and areas of interaction of the tRNA with aspartyl-tRNA synthetase. A comparative study of the yeast phenylalanine system by phosphate alkylation experiments with ethylnitrosourea. AB - Ethylnitrosourea is an alkylating reagent preferentially modifying phosphate groups in nucleic acids. It was used to monitor the tertiary structure, in solution, of yeast tRNAAsp and to determine those phosphate groups in contact with the cognate aspartyl-tRNA synthetase. Experiments involve 3' or 5'-end labelled tRNA molecules, low yield modification of the free or complexed nucleic acid and specific splitting at the modified phosphate groups. The resulting end labelled oligonucleotides are resolved on polyacrylamide sequencing gels and data analysed by autoradiography and densitometry. Experiments were conducted in parallel on yeast tRNAAsp and on tRNAPhe. In that way it was possible to compare the solution structure of two elongator tRNAs and to interpret the modification data using the known crystal structures of both tRNAs. Mapping of the phosphates in free tRNAAsp and tRNAPhe allowed the detection of differential reactivities for phosphates 8, 18, 19, 20, 22, 23, 24 and 49: phosphates 18, 19, 23, 24 and 49 are more reactive in tRNAAsp, while phosphates 8, 20 and 22 are more reactive in tRNAPhe. All other phosphates display similar reactivities in both tRNAs, in particular phosphate 60 in the T-loop, which is strongly protected. Most of these data are explained by the crystal structures of the tRNAs. Thermal transitions in tRNAAsp could be followed by chemical modifications of phosphates. Results indicate that the D-arm is more flexible than the T-loop. The phosphates in yeast tRNAAsp in contact with aspartyl-tRNA synthetase are essentially contained in three continuous stretches, including those at the corner of the amino acid accepting and D-arm, at the 5' side of the acceptor stem and in the variable loop. When represented in the three-dimensional structure of the tRNAAsp, it clearly appears that one side of the L-shaped tRNA molecule, that comprising the variable loop, is in contact with aspartyl-tRNA synthetase. In yeast tRNAPhe interacting with phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase, the distribution of protected phosphates is different, although phosphates in the anticodon stem and variable loop are involved in both systems. With tRNAPhe, the data cannot be accommodated by the interaction model found for tRNAAsp, but they are consistent with the diagonal side model proposed by Rich & Schimmel (1977). The existence of different interaction schemes between tRNAs and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, correlated with the oligomeric structure of the enzyme, is proposed. PMID- 3900416 TI - Refined structure of alpha-lytic protease at 1.7 A resolution. Analysis of hydrogen bonding and solvent structure. AB - The structure of alpha-lytic protease, a serine protease produced by the bacterium Lysobacter enzymogenes, has been refined at 1.7 A resolution. The conventional R-factor is 0.131 for the 14,996 reflections between 8 and 1.7 A resolution with I greater than or equal to 2 sigma (I). The model consists of 1391 protein atoms, two sulfate ions and 156 water molecules. The overall root meansquare error is estimated to be about 0.14 A. The refined structure was compared with homologous enzymes alpha-chymotrypsin and Streptomyces griseus protease A and B. A new sequence numbering was derived based on the alignment of these structures. The comparison showed that the greatest structural homology is around the active site residues Asp102, His57 and Ser195, and that basic folding pathways are maintained despite chemical changes in the hydrophobic cores. The hydrogen bonds in the structure were tabulated and the distances and angles of interaction are similar to those found in small molecules. The analysis also revealed the presence of close intraresidue interactions. There are only a few direct intermolecular hydrogen bonds. Most intermolecular interactions involve bridging solvent molecules. The structural importance of hydrogen bonds involving the side-chain of Asx residues is discussed. All the negatively charged groups have a counterion nearby, while the excess positively charged groups are exposed to the solvent. One of the sulfate ions is located near the active site, whereas the other is close to the N terminus. Of the 156 water molecules, only seven are not involved in a hydrogen bond. Six of these have polar groups nearby, while the remaining one is in very weak density. There are nine internal water molecules, consisting of two monomers, two dimers and one trimer. No significant second shell of solvent is observed. PMID- 3900417 TI - var1 Gene on the mitochondrial genome of Torulopsis glabrata. AB - We have cloned and sequenced a region of the Torulopsis glabrata mitochondrial genome homologous to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae var1 gene (var1Sc). An open reading frame that could encode a protein of 339 amino acids was found with 72.7% amino acid and 85.3% nucleotide sequence homology to the S. cerevisiae var1 gene. The T. glabrata gene (var1Tg) is transcribed yielding two stable RNAs, a more abundant 13.5 S RNA and a less abundant 18 S species. We have also identified a candidate for a T. glabrata var1 protein among mitochondrial translation products labeled in isolated mitochondria. The var1Tg gene is even more A + T-rich (93%) than var1Sc (89.6%) and has conserved the strong codon bias of var1Sc. Major differences between the two sequences were found. Significant among these are that no GC clusters are found in var1Tg and the sequences surrounding each of the sites where known polymorphisms exist in var1Sc have deletions at the corresponding sites in var1Tg. These data are discussed with respect to possible origins of these var1 genes and translocation of GC clusters in S. cerevisiae mitochondrial DNA. PMID- 3900418 TI - Supercoiling response of the lac ps promoter in vitro. AB - The rate of open promoter complex formation was measured on lac ps promoter DNA templates differing in negative superhelicity. The templates ranged from fully relaxed to those with numbers of superhelical turns exceeding that of form I plasmid DNA. The observed transcription response had two clearly distinguished phases: an initial rapid rise in rate followed eventually by a precipitous inhibition. The stimulation phase involved a nearly 40-fold increase in rate, which peaks at superhelical densities near that of isolated form I plasmid DNA. The introduction of more negative superhelical turns leads to inhibition. The magnitude of the response and the observation of both increases and decreases suggest that minor differences in superhelicity in vivo could lead to significant increases or decreases in transcription rate. The increase in rate was found to be directly proportional to the free energy of supercoiling; that is, to the square of the superhelical density. We suggest that the energy may be used both for enhanced DNA melting and for changes in DNA structure that alter the helical "face" with which RNA polymerase must interact. A quantitative method is presented that allows simple estimation of differences in the supercoiling response among promoters, both in the presence and in the absence of added factors. PMID- 3900419 TI - Repair of psoralen and acetylaminofluorene DNA adducts by ABC excinuclease. AB - Escherichia coli UvrA, UvrB and UvrC proteins acting in concert remove the major ultraviolet light-induced photoproduct, the pyrimidine dimer, from DNA in the form of a 12 to 13-nucleotide long single-stranded fragment. In vivo data indicate that the UvrABC enzyme is also capable of removing other nucleotide diadducts as well as certain nucleotide monoadducts from DNA and initiating the repair process that leads to removal of interstrand crosslinks caused by some bifunctional chemical agents. We have determined the action mechanism of the enzyme on nucleotide monoadducts produced by 4'-hydroxymethyl-4,5',8 trimethylpsoralen and N-acetoxy-N-2-acetylaminofluorene. In both cases we find that the enzyme hydrolyzes the eighth phosphodiester bond 5' and the fifth phosphodiester bond 3' to the modified base. This cutting pattern is similar to that observed with diadduct substrate, the only difference being that while the enzyme incises the fourth or fifth phosphodiester bond 3' to the pyrimidine dimer it always hydrolyzes the fifth bond relative to monoadducts. Our results also suggest that ABC excinuclease cuts the same two phosphodiester bonds on both sides of a T whether that T has a psoralen monoadduct or is involved in psoralen mediated interstrand crosslink. PMID- 3900420 TI - Quaternary structure changes in aspartate transcarbamylase studied by X-ray solution scattering. Signal transmission following effector binding. AB - The result of binding the effectors ATP and CTP to aspartate transcarbamylase was studied by X-ray solution scattering. Binding of substrate analogues produces a substantial change in the solution scattering curve, allowing us to monitor the proportion of the different quaternary structure states present in solution. In the initial solution this ratio was made roughly unity by adding either carbamyl phosphate and succinate, or N-(phosphonacetyl)-L-aspartate (PALA). ATP or CTP were then added, and their effect on the proportion of the different quaternary structure states was followed. When using carbamyl phosphate and succinate (weakly bound), ATP or CTP had a clear effect, as observed previously by monitoring the sedimentation rate (Changeux et al., 1968). However, when PALA (strongly bound) was used, the effect of CTP was very much smaller, and that of ATP was undetectable. This result supports the explanation by Tauc et al. (1982), that nucleotides act mostly through changing the affinity of the active sites for substrate, and only to a small extent by directly modifying the quaternary structure equilibrium in the case of CTP. PMID- 3900421 TI - Dynamic and structural properties of the calcium binding site of bovine serine proteases and their zymogens. A multinuclear nuclear magnetic resonance and stopped-flow study. AB - The combined use of 43Ca and 113Cd nuclear magnetic resonance (n.m.r.) has provided information on the structural and dynamic properties of the calcium binding site located in homologous positions in bovine beta-trypsin, alpha chymotrypsin and their zymogens. The 43Ca and 113Cd n.m.r. chemical shifts are consistent with an octahedral symmetry of the binding site and with the substitution of one of the two carboxylate ligands present in trypsin(ogen) with a neutral ligand in chymotrypsin(ogen). The constancy of the 113Cd n.m.r. chemical shifts upon binding of the pancreatic trypsin inhibitor and/or the dipeptide Ile-Val to trypsinogen confirms that structural changes in the activation domain do not affect the calcium binding site. The exchange between bound and "free" (solvated) Ca2+ is slow on the 43Ca n.m.r. time-scale for trypsin(ogen), but falls in the intermediate exchange region for chymotrypsin(ogen). In trypsin, the Ca2+ off-rate was measured by stopped-flow making use of the calcium indicator 1,2-bis(o-aminophenoxy)-ethane-N,N,N',N' tetraacetic acid and was found to be 3(+/- 1) s-1. In chymotrypsin(ogen) the off rates calculated from the 43Ca n.m.r. data are 70 s-1 and 350 s-1, respectively. The dynamic properties of the calcium binding site of serine (pro)enzymes have been related to the flexibility of the binding site itself and have been compared to those of other extracellular and intracellular calcium binding proteins. PMID- 3900422 TI - Induction of elongation factor Tu-GDP crystal polymorphism by polyethylene glycol contaminants. AB - Trypsin-modified elongation factor (EF-)Tu-GDP from Escherichia coli is known to crystallize in several different unit cells under apparently identical conditions. The crystal polymorphism was investigated and found to be correlated with the source of polyethylene glycol used in the crystallization procedure. The use of highly purified polyethylene glycol promoted the growth of a new crystal form belonging to space group P2(1)2(1)2(1) with cell dimensions of a = 71.9 A, b = 74.7 A, c = 170.9 A and two molecules per asymmetric unit. In extensive crystallization trials, substances that typically contaminate commercial preparations of polyethylene glycol were screened. The final results show that the presence of the divalent anions, HPO4(2-) or SO4(2-), at different concentrations induce the growth of two known crystal forms belonging to space groups C222(1) and P4(3)2(1)2. The relevancy of the findings is discussed. PMID- 3900423 TI - Yeast promoters URA1 and URA3. Examples of positive control. AB - Transcription of the two unlinked structural genes URA1 and URA3 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is positively regulated by the gene product PPR1. We have used S1 digestion and primer extension mapping to investigate the RNAs produced in different genetic backgrounds: wild-type, ppr1 deletion mutants, constitutively induced and non-inducible ppr1 mutants. Results show that each structural gene specifies multiple messenger RNA classes with different 5'-terminal sequences. The basal level of these transcripts does not require a functional PPR1 gene. Induction of URA1 results from an even increase of the level of synthesis of all the transcripts in contrast to that of URA3 which is effected by selectively increasing the levels of synthesis of one subset of transcripts. The PPR1 mediated control was also studied in the foreign genetic background of Schizosaccharomyces pombe using autonomously replicating hybrid plasmids carrying the gene URA1 or URA3 along with the regulatory gene PPR1, either in a constitutive or non-inducible allelic form. The 5' ends of the transcripts URA1 and URA3 made in S. pombe map upstream from the initiation sites used in S. cerevisiae. In contrast to S. cerevisiae, in S. pombe the URA3 but not URA1 transcripts respond to the PPR1-induction. We have identified a minimal control region for the PPR1-specific induction of URA1, that includes sequences located between the T-A-T-A box and the translation start codon. This region contains sequence features in common with URA3. There is an extensive alternating Pu:Py region including the T-A-T-A box of both promoters and an eight base-pair exact homology; further downstream, there is another 11 base-pair highly conserved sequence which either overlaps or lies in close proximity to the unregulated start sites of URA1 in S. pombe and of URA3 in S. cerevisiae. A positive regulatory model taking into accounts all these observations is presented. PMID- 3900424 TI - The cytoplasmic phosphorylation potential. Its possible role in the control of myocardial respiration and cardiac contractility. PMID- 3900425 TI - Contracture and the calcium paradox. PMID- 3900426 TI - The cellular basis of the length-tension relation in cardiac muscle. AB - The relation between muscle length or sarcomere length and developed tension for lengths up to the optimal for contraction (Lmax) is much steeper in cardiac muscle than in skeletal muscle. The steepness of the cardiac length--tension relation arises because the degree of activation of the cardiac myofibrils by calcium increases as muscle length is increased. Two processes contribute to this length-dependence of activation: (i) the calcium sensitivity of the myofibrils increases with muscle length and (ii) the amount of calcium supplied to the myofibrils during systole increases with muscle length. Of these two, the change in calcium sensitivity is the most clearly defined and is responsible for a large part of the rapid change in developed tension when muscle length is altered. It is likely that this change in calcium sensitivity is due to a change in the affinity of troponin for calcium but the underlying mechanism has not been identified. There is good evidence that changes in the calcium supply to the myofibrils can account for the slow changes in tension that follow an alteration in length; there may also be rapid changes in calcium supply but this is less clearly established at present. PMID- 3900427 TI - Subcellular localization of bovine heart calcium-dependent protease inhibitor. AB - Four monoclonal antibodies for a calcium-dependent protease inhibitor protein were produced by fusing Sp2/0 myeloma cells with spleen cells from a Balb/C mouse immunized with purified bovine heart inhibitor. Each of the monoclonal antibodies was highly specific for the inhibitory protein as revealed by electro-blot analysis. The antibodies recognized different antigenic sites on CNBr peptides prepared from the purified inhibitor protein. Immunofluorescent microscopy of sections from bovine heart ventricles treated with each of the antibodies demonstrated the same fluorescent pattern. Fluorescence was observed at or near the sarcolemma of the myocytes, and along the Z-discs of relaxed myofibrils within the myocytes. Contracted myofibrils did not appear to bind antibody. Immunostaining of glycerinated relaxed cardiac myofibrils revealed staining at the Z-discs. One of the antibodies could also stain the Z-disc region of bovine skeletal muscle myofibrils. PMID- 3900428 TI - Coding systems for periodontal patients. PMID- 3900429 TI - Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease presenting as progressive aphasia. AB - The syndrome of slowly progressive aphasia usually has been associated with Pick's disease, Alzheimer's disease, or an isolated focal degenerative disorder of unknown etiology involving the left perisylvian cortex. This report is of a patient with progressive aphasia due to Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. PMID- 3900430 TI - Hormones and growth factors induce the synthesis of glial fibrillary acidic protein in rat brain astrocytes. AB - Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is the major constituent of glial filaments and is restricted within the CNS to astrocytes. As with other classes of intermediate filament proteins, the regulation of GFAP expression is poorly understood. Utilizing highly purified cultures of astrocytes and a chemically defined (CD) medium, we have demonstrated that the expression of GFAP is subject to regulation by hormones and growth factors. The concentration of GFAP/mg protein was induced 2-4-fold in the presence of hydrocortisone, putrescine, prostaglandin F-2 alpha (PGF2 alpha), and pituitary fibroblast growth factor (FGF). Augmentation of the levels of GFAP continued for up to 3 weeks after conversion to CD medium and paralleled the morphological maturation of astrocytes. The accumulation of GFAP resulted from an increase in its specific rate of synthesis. Conversion of astrocytes from serum-supplemented (SS) to CD medium did not alter its rate of degradation. GFAP appeared quite stable under both sets of conditions, exhibiting a half-life of approximately 7.5 days. The data demonstrate that GFAP expression in astrocytes is subject to hormonal regulation, which may have implications for gliosis. PMID- 3900431 TI - Classics revisited. The Discovery of Addiction: Levine and the philosophical foundations of drug abuse treatment. PMID- 3900432 TI - Neuropsychological assessment of substance abusers: review and recommendations. AB - Neuropsychological assessment of substance abusers frequently proves useful for the evaluation of those aspects of cognitive functioning that may be relevant for optimal therapeutic management and treatment planning. Research has demonstrated the presence of neuropsychological impairment in chronic abusers of CNS depressants, including alcohol, as well as opiates and possibly cocaine, especially when such substances are combined in a polydrug pattern of abuse. Clinical neuropsychological evaluation of individual substance abusers should take into account the various personal, demographic and neuromedical background variables that can affect cognitive functioning. Efforts should be made to distinguish between acute drug effects and more longterm stable deficits that may not become apparent for some time. Neuropsychological referrals should be made, and measures selected to answer particular questions about neurocognitive functioning that are relevant to treatment and eventual overall adjustment. A neuropsychological review of systems is likely to show a pattern of impairment in substance abusers that involves the integration of different cognitive functions for effective problem solving. Strongly focal or lateralized deficit patterns are less likely to be the result of drug abuse alone, and should prompt the appropriate neuromedical follow-up. PMID- 3900433 TI - Grey scale ultrasonography of neonatal abdominal masses. PMID- 3900434 TI - Colonization and infections of neonates by Klebsiella pneumoniae in an intensive care unit. PMID- 3900435 TI - Vivax cerebral malaria. PMID- 3900436 TI - Indian Health Service: 30 years of progress. PMID- 3900438 TI - Landmark article Oct. 14, 1922: Sickle cell anemia. By V.R. Mason. PMID- 3900437 TI - Migration of polytetrafluorethylene--polytef. PMID- 3900439 TI - Landmark perspective. Sickle cell anemia. PMID- 3900440 TI - The press embargo: friend or foe? PMID- 3900442 TI - AMA's Bureau of Investigation exposed fraud. PMID- 3900441 TI - The Food and Drug Administration: how those regulations came to be. PMID- 3900443 TI - More uses for apheresis. PMID- 3900444 TI - Who was Daniel Drake? PMID- 3900445 TI - Daniel Drake and the crisis in American medicine of the 19th century. PMID- 3900446 TI - Drake, the many-sided physician. PMID- 3900447 TI - Daniel Drake and medical education. PMID- 3900448 TI - The milk sickness. Drake on medical interpretation. PMID- 3900449 TI - The medical milieu of Daniel Drake. PMID- 3900450 TI - FDA prepares to meet regulatory challenges of the 21st century. PMID- 3900451 TI - Device center regulates 'tools of the trade'. PMID- 3900452 TI - The early diagnosis of common bile duct obstruction using cholescintigraphy. AB - The technetium Tc 99m-labeled iminodiacetic acid cholescintigram is an extremely accurate examination for detecting early obstruction of the common bile duct in acutely ill patients suspected of having acute cholecystitis or possible obstruction days to years after cholecystectomy. The examination accurately detected common bile duct obstruction in 63 of 65 patients in these two diagnostic categories (positive predictive value, 96.9%). Sonographic evaluations in 43 of these patients failed to reveal ductal dilatation or other abnormality in 26 cases (false-negative rate, 63.4%), and was nondiagnostic because of overlying bowel gas in two cases. The success of the radionuclide examination is attributed to its ability to detect functional impedance to bile flow hours to days before anatomic ductal dilatation occurs, and occasionally even before the alkaline phosphatase level and other liver chemistry values suggest the presence of an obstruction. PMID- 3900453 TI - Medicare payment policy needs corrections. PMID- 3900454 TI - Diagnostic and therapeutic technology assessment. Diagnostic intraoperative ultrasound. PMID- 3900455 TI - Glutamine metabolism by the intestinal tract. PMID- 3900456 TI - [Clinical evaluation of the TMS-19-Q.GC tablet on superficial suppurative disease. A comparative double blind study with midecamycin]. AB - Clinical efficacy and safety of TMS-19-Q.GC tablet (TMS), a new macrolide preparation, were compared with those of midecamycin (MDM) in superficial suppurative skin and soft tissue infections. The study was made by the double blind controlled trial at the dosage of daily 600 mg in TMS group and 1,200 mg in MDM group. Total 218 cases (106 in TMS, 112 in MDM) were analyzed and the final global improvement rating were 82.1% in TMS and 83.9% in MDM. The clinical effectiveness of TMS was favorable and significantly different from MDM in the aged patients (greater than or equal to 60 years old) and the patients infected with susceptible strains (MIC less than or equal to 3.13) of Staphylococcus aureus. TMS is prepared with a specific formulation to make the absorption easier in the patients with lower acidity of gastric juice, and the favorable effect of TMS is considered to be a contribution of the devise in older patients. Slight adverse reactions were observed at 5.0% (6 cases) in TMS and 2.4% (3 cases) in MDM. In conclusion, TMS at the daily half dose of MDM is as effective as MDM in superficial suppurative skin and soft tissue infections. PMID- 3900457 TI - [Clinical evaluation of the TMS-19-Q.GC tablet in acute tonsillitis. A comparative double blind study with josamycin]. AB - In order to compare the clinical efficacy and safety of TMS-19-Q.GC tablet (TMS) with josamycin tablet (JM) in acute tonsillitis, the double blind trial was carried out with the daily dosage of 200 mg X 3 in TMS and 400 mg X 3 in JM. Number of cases evaluated for clinical efficacy were 154 cases (73 treated with TMS and 81 treated with JM). The effective rating of TMS and JM were 89.0% and 88.9% judged by doctors in charge, and 82.2% and 85.2% judged by committee respectively. Bacteriological effects were satisfactory to yield the eradication rates of 93.8% in TMS and 94.7% in JM. Number of cases evaluated for safety were 199 cases (101 treated with TMS and 98 treated with JM). The incidence of side effect was 4.0% (4/101) in TMS and 5.1% (5/98) in JM and most of them were mild gastro-intestinal disorders. Number of cases evaluated for utility were 156 cases (74 treated with TMS and 82 treated with JM). The usefulness rates were 85.1% in TMS and 86.6% in JM. There was no significant difference between TMS and JM, in clinical effect, bacteriological effect, safety and utility. From these results, daily 600 mg dosage of TMS was as useful as daily 1,200 mg dosage of JM in the treatment for acute tonsillitis. PMID- 3900458 TI - [Clinical evaluation of the TMS-19-Q.GC tablet in odontogenic infections. A comparative double-blind study with josamycin]. AB - Clinical efficacy and safety of TMS-19-Q.GC tablet (TMS), a new macrolide antibiotic preparation, were compared with those of josamycin (JM) in the treatment of acute odontogenic infection under multicentered double-blind controlled study at the daily dosage of 600 mg of TMS or 1,200 mg of JM. The results obtained were as follows: The patients entered into the study were 265 cases and 112 in TMS group and 111 in JM group were adopted to evaluate for the efficacy. The evaluation was made by 2 ways i.e. changes in total clinical scores of the symptom and the doctors assessment. Efficacy rating of TMS and JM were 81.3 and 82.0% judged by the score and 73.2 and 77.5% judged by doctors in charge respectively. In the cases with 15 to 20 of total scores at the initial visit, considered to be suitable for the evaluation of antibiotics, the efficacy rating of both drugs were 86.7% in TMS and 84.6% in JM. Organisms were isolated from 34 cases in TMS and 40 in JM and the clinical effectiveness in those cases were almost the same. Slight adverse reactions were observed in 6 cases (4.6%) of TMS group and 1 (0.8%) of JM. In 3 cases (4 incidences) of TMS group and 1 of JM slightly abnormal laboratory findings were found. On the statistical analysis of the data regarding efficacy, safety and usefulness, both drugs had no significant difference. From these results, TMS was considered as effective as JM in the treatment of acute odontogenic infection at a daily half doses of JM. PMID- 3900459 TI - [Distribution and changes in the susceptibility of bacteria isolated from clinical samples. II]. AB - In vitro activity of antimicrobial agents such as ABPC, SBPC, MPC, CEZ, CTM, CMZ, CTX, CMX, CZX, LMOX, CPZ, CFS and GM against major clinical isolates, S. aureus, S. pyogenes, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. mirabilis, C. freundii, Enterobacter spp., S. marcescens, P. vulgaris and P. aeruginosa, was examined. In this paper, we will report the susceptibility of S. aureus, S. pyogenes, E. coli, K. pneumoniae and P. mirabilis during a three-year period, 1981 to approximately 1983. CEZ- and GM-resistant S. aureus has markedly increased and occupied 24% and 18%, respectively, in 1983. CMZ and CFS have showed potent activity against CEZ resistant S. aureus. It seems that the abuse of third generation-cephems and new oral cephalosporins is closely related with the increase of cephems-resistant S. aureus. The penicillin- and cephem-resistant strains of S. pyogenes could not be found in our study. Quite a few strains of E. coli, K. pneumoniae and P. mirabilis are resistant to penicillins, and also there is no appreciable change in susceptibility. Some strains of E. coli, K. pneumoniae and P. mirabilis showed low susceptibility to CPZ, but all strains showed high susceptibility and no change in susceptibility to third generations, and these strains showed no tendency to decrease in susceptibility to GM. PMID- 3900460 TI - [Campylobacter infections]. PMID- 3900461 TI - [Definition and classification of toxic hepatitis]. PMID- 3900462 TI - [Etiology of hepatic injuries and sensitivity of the liver]. PMID- 3900463 TI - [Drug hypersensitivity and the etiology of toxic hepatitis]. PMID- 3900464 TI - [Intermediate metabolites and liver toxicity]. PMID- 3900465 TI - [Clinical studies of toxic hepatitis and identification of causative substances]. PMID- 3900466 TI - [Therapy of toxic hepatitis]. PMID- 3900467 TI - [Toxic hepatitis induced by antibiotics]. PMID- 3900468 TI - [Toxic hepatitis induced by antineoplastic agents]. PMID- 3900469 TI - [Toxic hepatitis induced by anti-inflammatory agents]. PMID- 3900470 TI - [Toxic hepatitis induced by cardiovascular agents]. PMID- 3900471 TI - [Toxic hepatitis induced by steroids]. PMID- 3900472 TI - [Toxic hepatitis induced by contrast media or anesthetics in Japan]. PMID- 3900473 TI - [Alcoholic liver injuries]. PMID- 3900474 TI - [Prevention and therapy of severe toxic hepatitis]. PMID- 3900475 TI - [Transition of toxic hepatitis to liver cirrhosis]. PMID- 3900476 TI - [Toxic hepatitis in the aged]. PMID- 3900477 TI - [Toxic hepatitis in children]. PMID- 3900478 TI - [Animal disease models--injury, death and various changes of liver cells]. PMID- 3900479 TI - [Renin protein and its analysis at a gene level]. PMID- 3900480 TI - [The lungs and disseminated intravascular coagulation]. PMID- 3900481 TI - [Cardiovascular diseases and disseminated intravascular coagulation]. PMID- 3900482 TI - [The pancreas and disseminated intravascular coagulation]. PMID- 3900483 TI - [Hematologic diseases and disseminated intravascular coagulation]. PMID- 3900484 TI - [Malignant tumors and disseminated intravascular coagulation]. PMID- 3900485 TI - [Blood coagulation and disseminated intravascular coagulation]. PMID- 3900486 TI - [Blood platelets, leukocytes and disseminated intravascular coagulation]. PMID- 3900487 TI - [On bibliographic research in clinical pathology in the Meiji era]. PMID- 3900488 TI - [Leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) test in patients with chronic liver diseases]. PMID- 3900489 TI - Vector mosquitoes of Wuchereria bancrofti at Bicol region in the Philippines. 1. Transmission capability. AB - Mosquitoes were surveyed for the capability of filaria transmission at Sitio Bacolod and Barrio Salvacion, in Bicol region, Luzon, Philippines. The results of indoor collections and experimental infections showed that the infective rates and the median density of infective larvae per infected mosquito were significantly higher in Aedes poicilius than in Culex quinquefasciatus. Aedes poicilius was found to be the principal vector of bancroftian filariasis in this region. PMID- 3900490 TI - [Nursing of a patient with extensive burns following skin grafting--postoperative problems and their management]. PMID- 3900491 TI - Permeability of materials in postglomerular capillary bed and distribution to interstitium of kidney in rats. AB - Extracellular reference materials are necessary to estimate tubular transport parameters for drugs which are secreted in the kidney. They must set up the flow limited distribution between plasma and interstitial space, not be distributed to the intracellular space, and be nondegradable in the extracellular space. The capillary permeability of various molecular weight markers in the post glomerular circulation was investigated by performing pulse-injection multiple indicator dilution experiments on isolated rat kidney, using simultaneous injection of T1824-labeled albumin (the plasma reference) and creatinine (or inulin) as the extracellular reference materials. The permeability constants and the gamma values (ratio of the volume in the space of interstitium to that of capillary plasma) for creatinine and inulin were calculated by a nonlinear least squares regression. The gamma values for creatinine were greater than those for inulin, implying that the volume of distribution for creatinine is different from that for inulin. The capillary permeability clearance (CLinflux) for creatinine was 4 times higher than that of inulin, and was 3 times greater than the perfusion rate. Thus, creatinine satisfies the qualification for the flow-limited distribution between plasma and interstitial space. These findings suggest that in the rat kidney creatinine is more suitable for the extracellular reference material than inulin. PMID- 3900492 TI - [Forty-one autopsy cases of nosocomial Legionnaires' disease]. PMID- 3900493 TI - [Bacteriological evaluation of materials obtained by fiberoptic bronchoscopy in cases of pulmonary infection]. PMID- 3900494 TI - [A case of PIE syndrome with asthma due to inhalation of crude allergen extracts from Candida albicans]. PMID- 3900495 TI - [Digital subtraction angiography of cardiovascular abnormalities using FCR, a new X-ray diagnostic system]. PMID- 3900496 TI - Clinical studies on canine dirofilarial hemoglobinuria: blood coagulation system findings. PMID- 3900497 TI - Induction of alimentary diabetes and insulin responses to glucose in Microtus arvalis Pallas. PMID- 3900498 TI - In vivo conversion of transferable plasmid into R plasmid in the intestine of gnotobiotic mice. PMID- 3900499 TI - Compassion and commitment. PMID- 3900501 TI - Eclampsia: toxemia of pregnancy. PMID- 3900500 TI - Diving emergencies. PMID- 3900502 TI - Sudden infant death syndrome: an update. PMID- 3900503 TI - Chain saw injuries. PMID- 3900504 TI - Relationship of upper arm circumference and body weight. PMID- 3900505 TI - Protocols for the management of patients with acute hazardous materials exposure. PMID- 3900506 TI - Cardiac arrest and resuscitation controversies and current concepts: review of the literature. PMID- 3900507 TI - Hazards of metered-dose bronchodilator inhalers. PMID- 3900508 TI - Helicopter staffing regulations in Massachusetts. PMID- 3900509 TI - Temporary repair of Hickman catheter. PMID- 3900510 TI - Consent pitfalls in the emergency department. PMID- 3900511 TI - Triage decisions. A toddler with an acute limp. PMID- 3900512 TI - Non-H-2-linked control of in vivo growth of SJL/J-derived reticulum cell sarcoma in recombinant inbred strains between BALB/cKe and SJL/J mice. AB - This report investigated the growth of reticulum cell sarcoma (RCS) in several congenic and recombinant inbred strains between BALB/cKe female (H-2d) and SJL/J male (H-2s) mice. SJA20 mice congenic with SJL/J except at the Igh locus supported RCS growth. Recombinant mice of the H-2d haplotype did not support RCS growth. However, recombinant inbred mice of the H-2s haplotype varied in their susceptibility to permit RCS growth in vivo. These results supported the role of non-H-2 gene(s) controlling the growth of RCS. Since the recombinant strains of mice exhibited different immunologic characteristics and since RCS tumor growth depended on the ability of the mice to develop a strong antitumor proliferative response, the findings reported here suggested that non-H-2 genes control the magnitude of the syngeneic proliferative response and consequently regulate RCS growth in vivo. PMID- 3900513 TI - Immunoelectron microscopic localization of a tumor-associated antigen (TAA) in the canine transmissible venereal sarcoma by anti-TAA-antiferritin hybrid antibodies. AB - Immunoferritin and immunoperoxidase reagents were used to localize a tumor associated antigen (TAA) of the canine transmissible venereal sarcoma (CTVS). Round tumor cells from the CTVS at different stages of growth, i.e., progressive, steady state, and regressing, had TAA diffusely distributed throughout the cytoplasm. In general, TAA was not found on the plasma membrane, within the nucleus, between inner and outer membranes, in cytoplasmic vacuoles, or specifically with any part of the cytocavitary system. Transitional tumor cells, which are intermediate cell types between round cells and spindle-shaped cells and which appear in the tumors at steady state and regressing stages, contained less TAA in their cytoplasm than did the round cell type. The microvilli of tumor cells also contained TAA, suggesting that, in addition to whole cell lysis, shedding of all or parts of these processes may be a mechanism of TAA release as evidenced by the presence of antigenic activity in the extracellular material. PMID- 3900514 TI - Failure of indomethacin to inhibit growth of the R3230AC mammary tumor in rats. AB - The relationship between the dietary lipid-induced growth of the R3230AC mammary tumor and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels as well as the effect of the prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor indomethacin (Ind) on these parameters was examined. F344 rats fed a high-fat (HF) diet containing 20% corn oil demonstrated more rapid tumor growth and higher tumor and plasma PGE2 levels than rats fed a 20% hydrogenated cottonseed oil (HCTO) diet. Addition of 0.004% Ind to the HF diet markedly reduced tumor and plasma PGE2 levels. However, Ind had no effect on tumor growth. Neither the fatty acid composition nor the insulin-binding capacity of the tumor plasma membranes was affected by Ind. Membranes from animals fed HF diets with or without Ind bound more 125I-labeled insulin than membranes from HCTO-fed rats. The results suggest that, for the R3230AC mammary tumor, reduction in both tumor and plasma PGE2 levels by Ind did not result in reduced tumor growth in animals fed diets high in polyunsaturated fatty acids. PMID- 3900515 TI - [Social issues in history of nursing after World War II. 4. Nursing reformation directed by GHQ]. PMID- 3900516 TI - [Shock caused by myocardial infarction--various problems of etiopathogenesis and treatment]. PMID- 3900517 TI - [Alcohol and the heart]. PMID- 3900518 TI - [Psychological training in relaxation for the treatment and rehabilitation of patients with damaged circulatory system]. PMID- 3900519 TI - [Reminiscence of Prof. Zdzislaw Askanas]. PMID- 3900520 TI - [Mitral valve insufficiency in ischemic heart disease. II]. PMID- 3900521 TI - [Phonoechocardiographic characteristics of normally functioning artificial heart valves]. PMID- 3900522 TI - [Use of captopril (capoten) in arterial hypertension]. AB - Capoten (captopril) treatment was conducted in 39 patients with essential hypertension of stage IIA-IIB and in 4 patients with idiopathic hyperplasia of the adrenals. In 35 patients the hypotensive effect was evaluated following a single administration of captopril in a dose of 12.5, 25 and 50 mg. Twelve patients were treated with this drug alone while in 23 patients it was combined with saluretics. Captopril monotherapy elicited a good and moderate hypotensive effect in 70% of patients with a high and stable hypertension. Both mono- and combined therapy was associated with a decrease in adrenaline and noradrenaline excretion and an increase in uterine kallikrein excretion. The examination of the regional circulation revealed a significant reduction in the resistance and tonus of the arterioles and an enhancement of the blood flow in the forearm as well as an increase in venous tensility. When captopril was combined with diuretics these changes were less marked. PMID- 3900523 TI - [Changes in water-electrolyte balance and central hemodynamics in hypertensive crises]. AB - Sodium, potassium and water distribution, central hemodynamic parameters, and plasma renin activity and aldosterone levels were examined in 48 patients with stable essential hypertension, including 10 males and 11 females with hypertensive crises aggravating the course of the disease, and in 18 controls. The individuals showing signs of heart and renal failure were excluded from the analysis. In female patients, the crise pattern of the disease was associated with marked changes of sodium metabolism, namely, raised extracellular fluid and plasma sodium levels, the patients with the crises having a more severe course of the disease, with higher, as compared to those of crises-free patients, total peripheral resistance and lower cardiac output values. In female patients with the crises, plasma renin activity was reduced 3.3-fold, while aldosterone levels remained unchanged, as compared to the levels of crises-free women. A direct correlation was demonstrated between the recurrence of the crises and total peripheral resistance. Causes of sodium retention in female patients with the crises are discussed. PMID- 3900524 TI - [Changes in reactivity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in old age as a risk factor in the development of hypertension]. AB - The sensitivity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) to regulatory sympathoadrenal and hypothalamo-pituitary effects was shown to increase with advancing age, in spite of declining plasma renin and aldosterone baselines. At the same time, this humoral mechanism was no longer capable of responding as adequately to potent stimuli, such as submaximum physical stress. The data obtained suggest that the RASS might act as a trigger mechanism underlying a greater incidence of essential hypertension in old age. PMID- 3900525 TI - [Role of hormonal factors in the etiology of juvenile arterial hypertension]. AB - A study of the hormonal spectrum, mainly of sex hormones, has revealed that male youths with systolic arterial hypertension have considerably higher levels of testosterone as compared with both normal values and those observed in patients with more stable forms of arterial hypertension (essential hypertension of stage IB-IIA, renal hypertension). The findings obtained justify the conclusion that androgen hyperproduction is the cause rather than the consequence of hypertension in the pubertal period. The results of the study may be used in the differential diagnosis of hypertension in youth. PMID- 3900526 TI - [Effect of beta-adrenergic blockaders and trental on plasma levels of renin and aldosterone in healthy persons during antiorthostatic hypokinesia]. AB - Plasma renin activity and aldosterone levels were measured radioimmunologically in 30 normal individuals subjected to antiorthostatic hypokinesia (at a - 15 degrees angle). Hormonal effects of some drugs (beta-blockers, trental, venotonics) were examined. The short-term antiorthostatic position was associated with a disordered hormonal control, reduced plasma aldosterone and enhanced plasma renin activity, as compared to the respective parameters of the reclining position. The use of beta-adreno-blockers alone or in combinations with other drugs decreases plasma renin activity in conditions of antiorthostatic hypokinesia which can be related to the inhibition of beta-adrenergic activity. PMID- 3900527 TI - [A method of determining separate effective renal blood flow by dynamic scintigraphy of the kidneys using I-131-hippurate]. AB - The authors present a mathematical model for determining the separated effective renal blood flow (ERB) and a computer program which was used to determine separate parameters of the ERB in 56 patients including 35 with a unilateral lesion of the kidneys (20 patients with renovascular hypertension and 15 with unilateral pyelonephritis) and 21 patients with symmetrical renal damage (12 patients with chronic diffuse glomerulonephritis and 9 with essential hypertension). The patients with a unilateral renal lesion exhibited a significant decrease in the ERB parameters on the affected side whilst the patients with the symmetrical damage showed no significant differences in the ERB values. Following the surgical correction of the stenosing renal artery, the patients with renovascular hypertension displayed in the presence of a pronounced hypotensive effect a redistribution of the ERB with its increase on the side of the interference. A similar although less evident tendency toward the predominant increase in the ERB on the affected side was also observed in the patients with unilateral pyelonephritis. The patients with the symmetrical damage to the kidneys presented no redistribution of the ERB after the treatment. PMID- 3900528 TI - Anemia of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). PMID- 3900529 TI - Effect of leukocyte depletion on glomerular dynamics during acute glomerular immune injury. AB - Large doses of anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody (AGBM-Ab) have been shown consistently to decrease both single nephron filtration rate (SNGFR) and the glomerular ultrafiltration coefficient (LpA) within 60 min of administration of the antibody. Both the decrease in SNGFR and LpA may be the result of infiltration of leukocytes blocking capillary loops and/or endothelial cell separation from the glomerular basement membrane through leukocyte dependent activated cytotoxic products or by mechanisms associated with leukocyte activation and infiltration. Administration of 2.5 micrograms/g body wt AGBM-Ab was performed in 10 control Munich-Wistar rats and in six Munich-Wistar rats in which 3 to 5 days prior to micropuncture experiments the rats were splenectomized and then irradiated to produce leukocyte depletion. Micropuncture measurements were performed in a condition of plasma volume expansion both prior to and after AGBM-Ab administration. In the control group, SNGFR decreased from 64 +/- 3 to 48 +/- 2 nl/min X g kidney wt after AGBM-Ab administration due to a decrease in LpA from 0.13 to 0.06 nl X sec-1 X mm Hg-1 X g kidney wt-1. This decrease in either SNGFR or LpA did not occur in the leukocyte depleted group. Linear deposits of IgG and C3 were similar in both groups. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes were significantly decreased in glomerulus from 7.4 +/- 0.7 in control vs. 0.7 +/- 0.3 in leukocyte depletion (P less than 0.01). There was no difference in glomerular dynamics between controls and leukocyte depleted rats prior to AGBM-Ab administration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3900530 TI - Subcellular localization of renal kallikrein by ultrastructural immunocytochemistry. AB - The subcellular distribution of immunoreactive kallikrein was described in the rat nephron using ultrastructural immunocytochemistry. The renal tissue was fixed with a mixture of buffered picric acid-paraformaldehyde-glutaraldehyde and immunostained with the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method for the electron microscope with the following steps: antikallikrein antiserum, anti-IgG serum, peroxidase-antiperoxidase complex, 3-3' diaminobenzidine-H2O2, and post-staining with osmium tetroxide. Preabsorption of the primary antiserum with purified rat urinary kallikrein and substitution with normal serum were used as controls. As we have described previously, kallikrein was present exclusively in the connecting tubule cell of the distal nephron. Subcellularly, kallikrein was distributed in luminal membranes, basal membranes, rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and vesicles. The immunoreactive vesicles were present in the proximity of the Golgi apparatus and in the cytoplasm in the way between the Golgi and the luminal and basal plasma membranes. No immunostaining was observed in other subcellular components of the connecting tubule cell or in the other type of cell. With the description of kallikrein in subcellular organelles involved in the synthesis, processing, and transport of glycoproteins, we have advanced an hypothetical intracellular processing pathway for renal kallikrein. PMID- 3900531 TI - Kallikrein excretion in renal transplant recipients and in uninephrectomized donors. AB - The rate of tissue kallikrein (EC 3.4.21.35) excretion into the urine has been examined with an active site-specific radioimmunoassay for kallikrein in renal transplant recipients, in post-uninephrectomy kidney donors, and in a normal control population. Normal individuals on uncontrolled diets excreted 96.88 +/- 7.00 (SEM) micrograms of active kallikrein/24 hr and 113.68 +/- 8.39 micrograms of total kallikrein/24 hr, as determined after trypsin treatment of urine samples. Uninephrectomized donors secreted significantly less (P less than 0.05) active (44.99 +/- 6.39 micrograms/24 hr) and total (73.59 +/- 11.95 micrograms/24 hr) kallikrein than either the entire normal population or an age-matched subpopulation. Recipients with good renal function who had received kidneys 2 to 13 years prior to kallikrein assay excreted less (P less than 0.05) active (13.21 +/- 2.50 micrograms/24 hr) and total (18.69 +/- 3.65 micrograms/24 hr) kallikrein than either normal or uninephrectomized populations. Similar values for active (11.05 +/- 1.56 micrograms/24 hr) and total (17.60 +/- 1.96 micrograms/24 hr) kallikrein were seen in patients who had received kidneys within 6 months of assay. Thus, kallikrein excretion in kidney recipients remains significantly lower than in uninephrectomized donors. As compared to normal individuals, the reduced kallikrein excretion in post-uninephrectomized kidney donors and in renal allograft recipients suggests that renal kallikrein excretion may reflect functional distal tubular mass. PMID- 3900532 TI - [Surgical treatment of occlusions of the brachiocephalic arteries]. PMID- 3900533 TI - [Ultrasonic methods of diagnosis of late complications after surgery of the aorta and arteries of the lower limbs]. PMID- 3900534 TI - [Immunovirusological theories on the development of arteriosclerosis obliterans of the major arteries]. PMID- 3900535 TI - [Treatment and prevention of subcutaneous varicose veins of the lower limbs in pregnancy]. PMID- 3900536 TI - [Metastasis of cancer of a skin graft to the mesentery of a small-intestinal transplant]. PMID- 3900537 TI - [History of kidney transplantation in the USSR (on the 20th anniversary of B.V. Petrovskii's operation--the first successful transplantation of the kidney)]. PMID- 3900538 TI - [Ultrasonic diagnosis in torsion of the testis in children]. PMID- 3900539 TI - [Ruptures of aneurysms of the abdominal portion of the aorta (review of the Soviet and foreign literature)]. PMID- 3900540 TI - [Right-sided approach to the mitral valve in closed commissurolysis--advantages and disadvantages]. PMID- 3900541 TI - [Results of clinical studies on drug modification of progressive lens opacities]. AB - This paper begins with a discussion and explanation of the special features and requirements of a controlled clinical trial of the efficacy of anticataract preparations. So far, such trials have been carried out with Phakan and two types of eye drops (preparations "A" and "B") in accordance with the conditions for controlled therapy studies. The procedure is explained taking the Phakan study as an example. Lens findings were evaluated by densitometric image analysis of Scheimpflug photographs of the anterior eye segment, made at different times during the trial. The validity of the data for statistical calculations was at first overrated. Mean values obtained with the method, however, correspond to the values expected: they show the required progression over longer periods. The reliability of the method was checked by taking into account the clinical observations and visual acuity tests on 35 patients (62 eyes) which had been under observation for a considerable period of time (up to 5.5 years). The results indicate clearly that Phakan can favorably influence opacities located in the lens cortex and that after a 9-month treatment even a prolonged effect (2-3 years) may be observed. With preparation "A" some indication - although not completely satisfactory - of efficacy in cases of cortical opacities was found. A one-year treatment with preparation "B" produced no differences as compared to untreated controls. However, it appears advisable to extend observation periods in future trials. PMID- 3900542 TI - [Conjunctival impression in the keratoconjunctivitis sicca syndrome]. AB - Cytological study is extremely useful in supplementing clinical findings in various conjunctival and corneal conditions. The authors describe a simple, reproducible, and painless method - impression cytology - for removing conjunctival tissue. It is cheap and quick, and can also be used for outpatients. The sample is spread flat on a light microscope slide and cytologically evaluated, e.g., with regard to perilimbal distribution of the mucus cells, cell nucleus-cytoplasm ratio and serpiginous aspect of the chromatin. The method permits more objective evaluation than is possible with conventional biopsy methods. It is particularly suitable in dry-eye syndrome and hypersecretion of the mucus cells. By repeating the procedure information can be obtained about the course of the disease and the efficacy of therapy. PMID- 3900543 TI - [Evaluation of the effectiveness of Solcoseryl Eye-Gel in the treatment of various corneal diseases]. PMID- 3900544 TI - [Ophthalmologist Peter of Portugal: Pope John XXI]. PMID- 3900545 TI - [From the bibliographer's files (XXIII). 150, 125 and 100 years ago]. PMID- 3900546 TI - [Experimental studies of the penetration of iron, placed in the orbit, through the sclera]. PMID- 3900547 TI - [Evaluation of the effectiveness and tolerance of the preparation Sermion in the treatment of selected retinal diseases]. PMID- 3900548 TI - [From the bibliographer's files (XXIV). 75 years ago]. PMID- 3900549 TI - Aspects of the incidence of central nervous system malformations in Cologne 1971 1980. AB - Within the framework of a retrospective epidemiological investigation concerning the incidence of CNS-malformations in the city of Cologne during the period 1971 80, 76 749 hospital births assessed from records in six hospitals were considered. This represents 88% of all hospital births. The incidence varied between 0.79-1.80 with a mean of 1.37/1000 total births. This figure was primarily influenced by the values obtained from Spina bifida (0,59/1000). If the dates for the period 1961-70 are included, a marginal increment is exhibited (from 1.13 up to 1.37/1000) for the total occurrence of CNS-births, as opposed to a slight decrease for the Sb-group (0,65 down to 0.59/1000). A seasonal variation was not revealed for the total number of births. Contrary to worldwide literature, the male rates were significantly higher (113 : 100). The stillbirth rate was 23,8% compared to 0,63% of total births, whereby hydrocephalus cases with 52% were heavily represented. A relationship between mother's age and incidence of occurrence was, as in the previous decade, not substantiated. Since the dates presented are obtained on the basis of hospital obstetrics records, it is unlikely that similar figures will arise in future studies, due to improved prenatal diagnosis (sonography and amniocentesis), which influence decisions relating to the possibilities of interruption of pregnancy. PMID- 3900550 TI - [Non-immunologic hydrops fetalis--report of 14 cases and literature review]. AB - With the advent of prenatal diagnosis and the feasibility of intrauterine treatment, non-immune hydrops fetalis (NHIF) is gaining increasing importance. 14 patients are reported 10 of whom having been diagnosed prenatally. 13 were born prematurely severe asphyxia being a frequent occurrence. 7 out of 14 infants survived. In 5 cases no definite etiology could be established. In 7 patients NHIF was attributable to cardiovascular diseases, predominantly associated with brady- or tachycardia. A survey of the literature reveals that etiology remains unidentified in about 40%. For the rest fetal, maternal or placental diseases are the primary causes. The abundance of underlying diseases are operative via three pathophysiological pathways: hemodynamic disturbances, decreased oncotic pressure and increased capillary permeability. By ultrasound examination, NHIF can be detected prenatally permitting intrauterine treatment in selected cases. In combination with improved postnatal management, this might contribute to a better outcome of NIHF which is still associated with a high mortality rate. Meticulous diagnostic work-up facilitates genetic counseling and the pursuit of prenatal diagnosis in subsequent pregnancies. PMID- 3900551 TI - [Fluorescence polarization immunoassay, a new measuring technic in routine clinicochemical diagnosis of drug levels]. AB - Experiences in the determination of drugs with the fluorescence polarization immunoassay; within-run precision, between-run precision and accuracy control in a time of one year. Discussion of this immunoassay in relation with the enzyme immunoassay, the radioimmunoassay and the nephelometric inhibition immunoassay. PMID- 3900552 TI - [Traumatic macroglossia--a rare indication for tracheotomy]. AB - Hemorrhage into the tongue caused by a trauma is able to produce dangerous hematomas. During an hypertensive crisis a 17 year old patient suffered from an ictus with a bite on his tongue. A macroglossia developed with shortness of breath, so that only a tracheotomy could grand a sufficient ventilation. The macroglossia decreased within 6 days, the nasal breathing was no longer prevented, so the tracheostoma could be closed. An operative intervention is necessary, if conservative therapy is without success referred to diminuation of the tongue. PMID- 3900553 TI - Relation between protein intake, plasma valine, and insulin secretion during early infancy. AB - During the first 6 months of life the plasma levels of branch-chained amino acids are related to the amount of protein ingested. Thus, the concentrations are lower in breast-fed infants than in artificially fed infants who are on a formula with a protein content which is about 50 per cent higher than in breast milk. At 3, 4 1/2, and 6 months of age the concentrations of valine in plasma and C-peptide in urine and the ratio between C-peptide and creatinine in urine are 2-3 times higher in artificially fed than in breast-fed infants. Plasma valine values correlate significantly with the urinary C-peptide/creatinine ratio. The enhanced insulin response induced by a cow's milk formula is related to the protein content. PMID- 3900554 TI - Current aspects of intestinal motility and transport. AB - The fact that interactions exist between intestinal motility and epithelial transport ist intuitively obvious but difficult to define experimentally. Direction, velocity and rate of flow of intestinal contents depend on the absolute and relative frequency and on the force of stationary and propagated lumen-obliterating (ring) contractions. The motility pattern differs between the fasting and the postprandial state and so do the magnitude and patterns of flow. The fed pattern of motility is primarily modulated by the chemical composition of ingested meals. Changes in epithelial transport are associated with changes in motility and vice versa; these changes are initiated by physical forces or by neuroendocrine reflex activation. Stomach, small intestine and colon are coordinated by antegrade stimulatory and retrograde inhibitory mechanisms which secure completeness of nutrient absorption and facilitate elimination of food residues. Motility and epithelial transport are controlled by intramural and central neural stimulation and by hormones acting systemically, locally (paracrine action), or as neuromodulators. PMID- 3900555 TI - Sonographic tissue characterisation in thyroid gland diagnosis. A correlation between sonography and histology. AB - Punch biopsy was carried out in 32 cases in which thyroid gland changes were sonographically classified as being of homogeneously normal or of homogeneously low echogenicity. Mean follicle lumen size was morphometrically determined from the histological sections. This produced a significant, positive correlation between echogenicity and follicle size. The mean follicle lumen diameter in so called echonormal structures was 67 microns (SD +/- 23 microns), and 25 microns (SD +/- 8 microns) in low-echogenic lesions. Thus normal echogenicity represented a normofollicular or macrofollicular structure, while a low echogenicity pattern indicated a microfollicular or solid tissue structure. The structure of thyroid carcinomas is not homogeneously normofollicular or macrofollicular; in exceptional cases they are such only focally. Therefore the significance of these findings lies in the exclusion of malignancy in the event of homogeneously normal echogenicity. PMID- 3900556 TI - Comparison of insulin hypoglycemia and short metyrapone tests in patients with pituitary disease. AB - In a retrospective study on 59 patients (2 hypothalamic, 44 pituitary, 13 no confirmed disease) 69 pairs of insulin hypoglycemia tests (IHT) and short metyrapone tests (SMT) were evaluated. Cortisol and 11-desoxy-cortisol rsp. were compared as the endpoints. In 6 cases, the IHT was a technical failure because of insufficient hypoglycemia. In 25% of 63 pairs of tests, both tests were normal, (Group I), in 30% both abnormal (Gr. II). In 21%, IHT was normal, SMT abnormal (Gr. III) and in 24% IHT was abnormal and SMT normal (Gr. IV). The 2 patients with hypothalamic disease were in Group IV with completely normal SMT and severely pathological IHT. Other discrepancies could not be attributed to special pituitary disorders. In 9 patients of Group III and in 8 patients of Group IV (n = 17), the IHT alone was repeated 6-48 months after the original pair of tests which had been performed in most cases early after pituitary surgery. In 12 cases, the repeat IHT followed the trend of the SMT of the original test pair. In 5 cases, the IHT was unchanged. 14 of 19 patients of Group II, but only 5 of 28 patients of Group III and IV required permanent substitution with hydrocortisone. PMID- 3900557 TI - Sonography of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. PMID- 3900558 TI - [The Great Victory and clinical medicine]. PMID- 3900559 TI - [State of the kidneys in patients with pseudotuberculosis]. PMID- 3900560 TI - [Chief surgeon of the Red Army in World War II 1941-1945. Nikolai Nilovich Burdenko]. PMID- 3900561 TI - [Historical significance of the achievements of medicine and public health in World War II 1941-1945]. PMID- 3900562 TI - [Military field surgery in World War II 1941-1945]. PMID- 3900564 TI - [Soviet therapists at the front in World War II 1941-1945]. PMID- 3900563 TI - [Surgery in World War II 1941-1945]. PMID- 3900565 TI - [Soviet neuropathology in World War II 1941-1945]. PMID- 3900566 TI - [Principal naval therapists in World War II 1941-1945]. PMID- 3900568 TI - [Tuberculosis and its problems in World War II 1941-1945]. PMID- 3900567 TI - [Academic therapists of the Central Institute for Advanced Medical Training during World War II 1941-1945]. PMID- 3900569 TI - [Contribution of military medics to the victory over fascist Germany]. PMID- 3900570 TI - [Clinico-morphological comparisons in kidney allograft rejection]. PMID- 3900572 TI - [Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoi and problems in medicine]. PMID- 3900571 TI - [S.P. Botkin--a reformer of Russian medicine]. PMID- 3900573 TI - [Functional status of monocytes of the peripheral blood in dysentery]. PMID- 3900575 TI - [Leprosy in the 20th century. Between myth and reality. Geneva: a phantom leprosarium]. PMID- 3900574 TI - [Ultrasonic diagnosis of pericholedochal nonspecific lymphadenitis]. PMID- 3900576 TI - [Leprosy in the 20th century. Between myth and reality. Spina Longa: it's only 28 years ago]. PMID- 3900577 TI - [Retirement of Madeleine Dummermuth]. PMID- 3900578 TI - [Varicose veins. Current diagnosis and therapy. Documentation for social and deaconess stations]. PMID- 3900579 TI - Carbon immunoassay--a simple and rapid serodiagnostic test for feline toxoplasmosis. AB - A serodiagnostic test, simpler and more rapid to perform than traditional methods, was sought to identify Toxoplasma gondii antibody in research cats. The reliability and sensitivity of the direct and indirect carbon immunoassay (CIA) tests were compared to each other and to the indirect immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) test. The three tests were used to detect the presence or absence of T. gondii antibody in the sera of 94 cats. The results of this study show that the CIA tests correlate with one another and the IFA test nearly 99%, indicating they are highly reliable. Comparison of titers of the positive sera indicate a high degree of sensitivity as well. PMID- 3900580 TI - Non-invasive blood pressure measurement in Yucatan miniature swine using tail cuff sphygmomanometry. AB - A relatively new non-invasive method using a photo-electric flow sensor in non heated animals, was evaluated for its accuracy in measuring systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) in 40-90 Kg normotensive and hypertensive Yucatan miniature swine. Directly measured SBP, DBP and electronically averaged MAP were recorded from chronic arterial catheters simultaneously with indirect pressures, cuff pressure and tail blood flow under various conditions. In all of the tests tail cuff SBP estimation averaged within 5% of directly measured SBP. The correlation of the two methods was significant (r = .95, P less than 0.01). Over a 60 to 202 mmHg range of blood pressure induced pharmacologically or due to DOCA hypertension, the tail cuff SBP was within 4-10% of directly measured SBP. The tail cuff method was also used to determine DBP and MAP. DBP determined from the tail cuff record was found consistently to underestimate the direct measured DBP by approximately 17%. The two methods were correlated (r = .87 P less than 0.01). The measured tail cuff MAP generally underestimated the direct MAP by approximately 5%. The correlation of directly measured MAP and tail cuff methods was significant (r = .72, P less than 0.01). These results indicated that this system may be used to accurately assess blood pressure in miniature swine. PMID- 3900581 TI - Studies with monoclonal antibodies against brush border antigens in Heymann nephritis. AB - The authors have prepared and studied three murine monoclonal antibodies that are reactive with antigens in brush border regions of proximal renal tubules of rats. Two of the antibodies, 14C1 and AG3, were derived from mice immunized with Fx1A and the third, 4H6, from a mouse immunized with isolated glomeruli obtained from rats with Heymann nephritis. Immunohistochemical, immunoelectron microscopic, and immunochemical studies showed that the three antibodies recognized different antigens. The antibody 14C1 recognized the previously described nephritogenic glycoprotein, gp 330, in microvillar brush border preparations, and reacted with material present on podocyte cell surfaces of normal rat kidneys, especially in coated pits, as well as with material in the glomerular deposits of rats with Heymann nephritis. The antibody 4H6 recognized a 110-kilodalton microvillar antigen and reacted with material in the glycocalyx of podocytes of normal glomeruli, but showed only equivocal reactivity with material in the deposits in Heymann nephritis. AG3 failed to immunoprecipitate a distinctive antigen in microvillar preparations and did not react with the glomeruli of normal rats or of rats with Heymann nephritis. All three antibodies reacted with epithelial cells in the intestine, epididymis, and placenta; 4H6 also reacted with thin loops of Henle as well as with endothelial cells or other cells in lung, lymphoid tissue, liver, and spleen. The results demonstrate that not all brush border antigens participate in Heymann nephritis and confirm that an antigen (gp 330) involved in the formation of glomerular deposits in Heymann nephritis is normally present on podocyte surfaces, especially in coated pits, but is not present in extracellular sites. PMID- 3900582 TI - Immunohistochemical detection of serum amyloid A protein in the liver and the kidney after casein injection. AB - Localization of serum amyloid A protein (SAA) was observed by direct peroxidase labeled antibody method. SAA was induced in mice by a single subcutaneous injection of casein. Before injection, trace amounts of SAA were detected in a few hepatocytes around the central vein. From 3 to 24 hours after injection, the area of SAA-positive hepatocytes extended to the midlobular zone and then gradually decreased in size. On electron microscopy, SAA was present in rough endoplasmic reticulum, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, lipid droplets, and vesicles containing lipid particles. Some lipid particles were positively stained in the space of Disse. From 6 to 36 hours after injection, SAA appeared in the proximal convoluted tubules of the kidney, where SAA was associated with fine particles at the brush border and with multivesicular bodies and lipid droplets in the cytoplasm. Between 18 and 24 hours after injection, SAA appeared in periportal to midlobular hepatocytes as granular deposits. SAA was localized in the cytoplasm around lipid droplets and small vesicles. These vesicles were recognized as endocytic vesicles by their localization close to or fused with peroxisomes and lysosomes. In the kidney SAA was distributed in mesangial cells, podocytes, and tubular interstitium. Localization of SAA in amyloid-laden mice that had received 30 casein injections was almost the same as that in ones that had received a single injection, i.e., hepatocytes, proximal convoluted tubules, and glomeruli. Amyloid deposition was detected near or at the same sites as those where SAA later appeared. Based upon these results we postulate that: Hepatocytes participate in not only the production, but also in the degradation of SAA. At least part of SAA is secreted as a lipid combined form. Circulating SAA is filtered through the glomeruli into Bowman's space and reabsorbed from the proximal convoluted tubules. SAA is metabolized at the same sites even in the amyloid laden state and amyloid is deposited in close relation to the catabolic pathway of SAA. PMID- 3900583 TI - Renal cell adenocarcinoma and retrovirus p30-related antigen excreted to urine. AB - The authors have previously demonstrated in syncytiotrophoblastic cells of human placenta, hydatidiform and destructive moles, and choriocarcinoma antigens reacting with antibodies to the endogenous feline retrovirus RD114 p30 and human T cell leukemia-lymphoma virus p19 proteins. The authors now report that a monoclonal IgG1 antibody (HPS-1), recognizing both syncytiotrophoblasts and RD114 p30, also reacts with an antigen in the tumor cell cytoplasm of all 27 renal cell adenocarcinomas studied. Positively stained antigenic material was also seen in the lumen of normal tubuli of tumor kidneys, suggesting its excretion into urine. None of 10 normal kidneys, 17 Wilms' tumors, 5 transitional cell carcinomas of the renal pelvis, 5 similar tumors of the urinary bladder, 20 adenocarcinomas of the cervix uteri, 20 adenocarcinomas of the corpus uteri, or 20 adenocarcinomas of the colon showed any positive staining. All 3 renal oncocytomas studied gave a positive staining reaction. In RD114 p30 radioimmunoassay antigenic activity was detected in the urine of renal cell adenocarcinoma patients in amounts up to 1.93 ng/mg protein, but not in the serum. After nephrectomy, a decline of the excreted antigen was observed, the preoperative values being 0.16 to 1.93 ng/mg protein and the postoperative ones ranging from immeasurable to 0.58 ng/mg protein. The patients with measurable postoperative urine values had clinically detectable distant metastases. The p30-related antigen may provide a marker for renal cell adenocarcinoma. PMID- 3900584 TI - Canine pancreatic fragment allotransplantation with cyclosporine A. AB - Allograft rejection is the major obstacle to clinical pancreatic islet transplantation. We attempted Cyclosporine A (CsA) immunosuppression of intrasplenic pancreatic dispersed fragment allografts in unrelated, unmatched dogs. Animals underwent (1) pancreatectomy only, (2) autotransplantation, or allotransplantation with (3) no immunosuppression (NIL), (4) azathioprine (AZA 3 mg/kg/day) and prednisone (PRED 2 mg/kg/day), or (5) CsA (25 mg/kg/day). Graft preparation was by collagenase ductal perfusion and mechanical disruption and transplantation was by splenic venous reflux. Rejection was defined by permanent hyperglycemia (greater than 150 mg/dl). Apancreatic dogs survived 6.0 +/- 0.5 days; autotransplanted dogs remained normoglycemic at 6 months. Rejection occurred at NIL, 5.0 +/- 0.6 days; AZA/PRED, 1.8 +/- 0.3 days; and CsA, 19.3 +/- 5.6 days. Survival was NIL, 16.0 +/- 3.4 days; AZA/PRED, 13.4 +/- 1.4 days; and CsA, 33.3 +/- 4.6 days. CsA showed significant advantage over both groups in both time to rejection (P less than 0.05) and survival (P less than 0.01). CsA toxicity was minimal. CsA achieved significant delay in rejection and improved survival in unmatched, unrelated dogs after intrasplenic allotransplantation with pancreatic dispersed fragments. PMID- 3900585 TI - Tracer measurements of non-equilibrium volumes of distribution. AB - According to conventional theory the product of the transport flowrate and the mean transit time of a tracer through a system yields the equilibrium volume of distribution for the tracer, regardless of tracer kinetics or space geometry. Experimental results do not support this notion. The influence of measurement time on the volume measured with a bolus technique is addressed using systems theory to analyze a tissue-impedance form of the Sangren-Sheppard model. Assymptotic solutions show that the volume estimates are governed by a time constant, tau, related to diffusion in the tissue, to tissue capacity, and to wall permeability, and by a dimensionless ratio, f, describing a relation of tau to vascular transport time. A third parameter, g, describing the relative contributions to overall resistance to diffusion of effective permeability and of limited diffusivity in the tissue, is shown to be of less importance. The derived tau is similar to but not equivalent to the often cited "characteristic time". The "equilibrium" volume of distribution is defined as that which would be measured if equilibrium were allowed to establish. The "non-equilibrium" volume of distribution is defined as that which would be measured given finite times and is shown to approach the "equilibrium" volume as such times increase. Tracer equilibration is not required to accurately measure the "equilibrium" volume. When there is no flow limitation (f much less than 1) a measurement time of tau (plus vascular transit time) would yield a "non-equilibrium" volume only 33% of the "equilibrium" volume; a time of 2 tau would yield 55%; a time of 10 tau would yield effectively the total equilibrium volume. Finite diffusivity in tissue and permeability restrictions can have significant effects on the proportion of the volume measured. PMID- 3900586 TI - Protein-protein interactions: additivity of the free energies of association of amino acid residues. AB - Additivity of contributions to the free energies of association of ovomucoid third domain inhibitors with elastase, chymotrypsin and subtilisin (Laskowski, 1980; Laskowski et al., 1981, 1983; Empie & Laskowski, 1982) is fully demonstrated by applying the mathematical method of Free and Wilson (1964) for calculating the effects of substitutions in a family of drugs. Also demonstrated is the ability to predict the activity of third domain sequences. Sensitive regions in the contact area of inhibitor and enzyme are mapped, and a sequence is suggested for a new, more powerful and selective ovomucoid third domain inhibitor of subtilisin. PMID- 3900587 TI - A theoretical model for immobilized whole cell enzyme. AB - A method of estimating effectiveness factor for immobilized whole cells is developed by considering microbial cells as microspheres containing enzyme activity dispersed in the gel phase of the support matrix. The proper model equations describing the system are solved and the corresponding effectiveness factors calculated for various bead sizes, and numbers and activities of cells. The cell wall resistance (permeability) is found to be one of most important variables in the system. The model is applied in predicting the experimental data of other investigators. PMID- 3900588 TI - Comparison between antibiotic irrigation and mobilization of pectoral muscle flaps in treatment of deep sternal infections. AB - Between January of 1978 and December of 1983, 41 patients developed deep sternal infections with mediastinitis after cardiac operations. Between January of 1978 and December of 1981, 19 of these patients were treated with debridement, primary wound closure, and mediastinal antibiotic irrigation (Group I). Between January of 1982 and December of 1983, 22 patients were treated with debridement, open "clean" packing, and delayed wound closure by the technique of pectoral muscle flap mobilization, which preserves the thoracoacromial pedicles and the pectoral humeral attachments (Group II). The purpose of this study was to compare the results of the treatment of deep sternal infections after cardiac operations with these two techniques. The perioperative hemodynamic, operation, functional, and pathological profiles of both groups of patients were the same. The cosmetic and functional results were the same in both groups as were shoulder girdle and torso mobility. We conclude that either technique is equally effective in the management of patients in whom the serious complication of deep sternal infection with mediastinitis develops after cardiac operation, and we now recommend debridement and pectoral muscle flap closure in one stage. PMID- 3900589 TI - Cuspal perforations caused by long suture ends in implanted bioprosthetic valves. AB - A description is presented of the gross anatomic, histologic, and scanning electron microscopic features of cuspal abrasions, perforations, and tears caused by excessively long ends of braided sutures in bioprosthetic cardiac valves implanted in the mitral position in sheep. These lesions are produced as consequences of contact between the ends of the sutures and the inflow surfaces of the bioprosthetic cusps, leading to a process of surface erosion that progresses to actual perforation of the cusps. The perforation has the appearance of a crater, the wider end of which faces the inflow surface and the walls of which are formed by broken ends of collagen fibrils. Suture perforations can extend to form tears that involve the free edge of the cusp and result in hemodynamically important regurgitation. Therefore, care must be taken to avoid leaving excessively long suture ends during the implantation of bioprosthetic cardiac valves. PMID- 3900590 TI - Oral verapamil for prophylaxis of supraventricular tachycardia after myocardial revascularization. A randomized trial. AB - To determine if the prophylactic administration of oral verapamil is effective in reducing the incidence of supraventricular tachycardia after myocardial revascularization, 141 patients were entered into a double-blind randomized trial. Seventy patients received verapamil 80 mg every 8 hours beginning immediately after operation and continuing for 5 days, and 71 patients received placebo. Patients were monitored during the study period and observed for the occurrence of supraventricular tachycardia. The verapamil and placebo groups were similar with regard to sex, age, preoperative antianginal drugs, number of bypass grafts, average bypass time, and average occlusion time. A total of 39 patients had supraventricular tachycardia, 20 were receiving verapamil, and 19 were receiving placebo. The average ventricular rate was 127 +/- 13 beats/min for the verapamil group with supraventricular tachycardia compared with 140 +/- 12 beats/min for the placebo group with the mean differences not significant (p = 0.10). On the basis of these data, it is concluded that verapamil 80 mg every 8 hours beginning early after myocardial revascularization is not effective in reducing the incidence of supraventricular tachycardia. PMID- 3900591 TI - Treatment of multiple myeloma: a randomized study of three different regimens. AB - The results of an Italian multicentric trial for treatment of symptomatic Multiple Myeloma (MM) are reported. One hundred and thirty-three previously untreated patients were singled out at random for three different chemotherapy schedules: Melphalan plus Prednisone (M.P.) X 6 monthly cycles; Vincristine plus Melphalan plus Cyclophosphamide plus Prednisone (VMCP) X 6 monthly cycles; Peptichemio, Cyclophosphamide, BCNU. Drugs in this latter schedule were administered sequentially, for a period of six months. Criteria for response, progression and relapse were those of the Southwestern Oncology Group. Fifteen patients in MP chemotherapy (35%) and 20 patients in VCMP chemotherapy (46%) achieved an objective response (decrease of at least 50% in the synthesis index of Monoclonal Component (M.C.], while only 3 out of the other 21 patients assigned to the third schedule responded to treatment. No significant differences were noted in the survival curves in either of the three treatment groups. The 38 responding patients did not receive maintenance therapy; no significant difference was found in remission duration between patients in MP and VCMP arms, with a median duration of 16 months for the whole group. No statistical difference was observed between survival and remission curves of patients with a 'response' (M. spike reduction greater than 75%) and those with 'improvement' (M. spike reduction between 75 and 50%). The authors conclude that the inclusion of Vintristine in a combination chemotherapy does not produce clear survival benefits; a longer induction period (12 cycles) could allow a better differentiation between MP and VMCP regimens. PMID- 3900593 TI - A photoetched cell relocation matrix for long-term, quantitative observations of selected individual neurons in culture. AB - A photoetched matrix of indium tin oxide (ITO) on glass has been developed and tested as a tool to assist in the relocation and identification of individual neuronal cells in culture. The matrix is formed by 10-15 micron wide and 300 A thick ITO lines which subdivide a 1-cm2 area into 625 smaller squares. Each of the smaller squares measures 400 micron on a side and contains a photoetched two letter "address". The address code allows precise relocation of specific regions of a culture as well as verification of the identities of individual neurons selected for repeated observation. Marks at 50 micron intervals along the sides of the address squares permit quantitative analysis of morphological changes, cell migration, reaggregation, etc. The ITO is transparent and does not interfere with visualization of even fine details of cells with high power microscopy. PMID- 3900592 TI - An antigen related to the phenotype of multi-drug resistance can be induced in vivo and used as a target for immunotherapy of rat leukemia. AB - Several laboratories have reported that new plasma membrane peptides appear in rodent and human cells after induction of in-vitro resistance to vinca alkaloids, anthracyclines and other anti-neoplastic drugs. Recently, murine monoclonal antibodies have been produced that recognize surface components of such drug resistant cells. The work presented here describes the development of an in-vivo animal model of this phenomenon using a rat myeloid leukemia. Brown Norway rats were made leukemic with promyelocytes of the BNML line and subsequently were treated with 7.7 mg kg-1 of daunorubicin. After eight cycles of passage-treatment regrowth, the resulting cells reacted with this antibody in immunofluorescence and cytotoxicity assays. Animals injected with cells that had been pre-incubated with antibody in the absence of complement survived significantly longer than did the controls. Further prolongation of survival occurred when the cells were treated with a second antibody of a different specificity. These results demonstrate that some of the changes associated with in-vitro drug resistance occur also in vivo and potentially may be exploited as a focus for immunotherapy. PMID- 3900594 TI - Definition and regulation of nursing practice: an historical survey. PMID- 3900595 TI - Liver transplantation. PMID- 3900596 TI - A comparison of premeal subcutaneous insulin infusion and injection in type I diabetic patients under continuous basal subcutaneous insulin delivery. AB - Blood glucose control under continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) was assessed in five type I diabetic patients by measurement of mean blood glucose and M-values. These results were compared with the data obtained from treatment with constant basal subcutaneous insulin delivery supplemented by injection of regular insulin before meals into changing sites of the anterior abdominal wall. CSII treatment gave significantly (P less than 0.05) better results. It might be assumed that this is due to the more reliable insulin absorption from an unchanged site. PMID- 3900597 TI - Elevated levels of gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) in the thymus gland during the immune response. AB - Innervation of the mammalian thymus gland by both cholinergic and catecholaminergic neuronal projections has been documented. The present results reveal that the inhibitory neurotransmitter, gamma amino butyric acid is also present in the mouse thymus and that it is significantly elevated following challenge with a T-cell dependent antigen. A possible immunomodulatory role for the neurotransmitter is discussed. PMID- 3900598 TI - [Hypertrophic lupus erythematosus]. AB - The authors describe a case of hypertrophic erythematous lupus in a 64- year-old male. Warty elements appeared in patches typical of discoid lupus erythematosus, confined almost exclusively to the limbs. The reported cases of this uncommon variety are reviewed, and the clinical, histopathological and differential diagnostic features are discussed. PMID- 3900599 TI - [Norwegian scabies]. AB - A typical case of norwegian scabies is reported in a patient with diabetes and chronic lymphoid leukaemia under immunosuppressive therapy. Clinical differential diagnosis, diagnosis procedures, and frequent development of an epidemic of common scabies in contacts are emphasized. PMID- 3900600 TI - [Congenital constrictive bands (report of an abdominally localized case)]. AB - Having observed a case of congenital annular band located on the abdomen, the authors review the various pathogenic hypotheses and their associations. PMID- 3900602 TI - [Bowenoid papulosis. Apropos of 2 cases]. AB - Two new cases of bowenoid papulosis are reported, one in a male with Behcet's syndrome, and the other in a young woman. The literature is reviewed, we consider the different etiopathogenic factors and we discuss its nature and nosology. PMID- 3900601 TI - [Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome as an expression of tuberous sclerosis. Apropos of 2 personal cases in 2 sisters]. AB - Two familial observations of Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome are reported. In fact they were cases of tuberous sclerosis. The authors comment that probably this syndrome is an expression form of tuberous sclerosis. PMID- 3900603 TI - [Keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans (Siemens' syndrome) associated with other abnormalities]. AB - Keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans (ichthyosis follicularis or Siemens's syndrome) is considered a general form of keratosis pilaris decalvans. Localized types are keratosis pilaris atrophicans and atrophoderma vermicularis. A case of this unusual process is presented. Clinical, histological and scanning electron microscopic studies of the hair were performed. Clinically, a generalized hypotrichosis with hyperkeratotic follicular plugs is observed; especially in the scalp and the eyebrows. Other interesting clinical findings were cutis hyperelastica, gingival hypertrophy, mongoloid palpebral fissures, big pinnae and clinodactyly of the 5th finger. From the histological point of view we observed follicular plugging, dystrophic pilosebaceous follicles, absence of sebaceous glands, perifollicular fibrosis and minimal lymphomonocytic infiltrate. Scanning electronmicroscopy shows a brittle hair with cuticular abnormalities. Siemens's syndrome can be considered a specific pilosebaceous dysplasia because the absence or hypoplasia of sebaceous glands; which produces follicular hyperkeratosis and pilar atrophy with perifollicular fibrosis and alopecia. PMID- 3900605 TI - [Penicillin treatment is of value in Borrelia-associated arthritis]. PMID- 3900604 TI - [Treatment of interdigital tinea pedis using a solution of 1:100 bifonazole (Bay h 4502)]. AB - An open mycologically controlled trial was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy, acceptability and tolerance of bifonazole 1% solution for the treatment of patients with Tinea pedis interdigitalis. The solution of bifonazole was applied once daily for three consecutive weeks. Only patients with positive direct microscopy of scrapings and positive culture (dermatophytes) were included in the trial. Assessments were performed one week after start of therapy, and three days, two weeks and six weeks after therapy end. Twenty-three patients were evaluated (17 males and six females), the average age was 33.6 years (seventeen sixty-five years) years. In 1 case T. rubrum var. granulare was the infecting organism, in 11 cases T. rubrum and finally 11 cases were due to T., mentagrophytes var interdigitale. Twenty patients were clinically and mycologically cured at the end of treatment and there were no relapses two weeks and six weeks later. One patient (T. rubrum) was cured clinically, but had positive direct microscopy and negative cultures after treatment. This finding persisted two and six weeks after therapy end, but there was no clinical relapse. Two patients (T. mentagrophytes var. interdigitale y T. rubrum var. granulare) did not respond to therapy. One patient had mild irritation (burning and reddening) but was able to finish treatment. All the patients found the medication acceptable and easy to apply. PMID- 3900606 TI - [The man behind the syndrome: Percivall Pott. Reorganizer in English surgery--he even wielded the pen masterfully]. PMID- 3900607 TI - [A case of Legionnaires' disease in a previously healthy 3 1/2-year-old girl]. PMID- 3900608 TI - [Problems of esophagojejunal anastomosis following gastrectomy]. AB - Experiences with 76 patients with esophagojejunoplication after total gastrectomy are reported. Clinical results are compared with a control group of 33 patients who underwent gastrectomy followed by terminolateral esophagojejunostomy as we did formerly. Performing this method of esophagojejunoplication the rate of leakage (2/76 respectively 3/33) of the anastomosis was reduced as well as the occurrence of reflux complaints (9/62 respectively 15/21). PMID- 3900609 TI - [Hemostasis in the nose with bipolar suction and a coagulation probe under endoscopic control]. AB - To stop nasal bleeding we use a manually operated combined bipolar suction and coagulation instrument under microscopic or endoscopic control, managed by one hand. As a result of the simultaneous suctioning of blood, the bleeding source can be coagulated even during the most effussive bleeding. Since the instrument is a combination of suction tube and bipolar coagulation sound, it can perform three functions at the same time: inspection of the source of bleeding, sucking off the blood, and coagulation. This does away with the need of nasal tamponade which most patients find highly disagreable. PMID- 3900611 TI - Transcutaneous electrical stimulation for tinnitus. AB - The use of electrical stimulation to treat tinnitus was evaluated in a two experiment study. The stimulus was a low amperage, low frequency variable square wave applied to 13 sites on the auricle of the ear with tinnitus. The sites were selected for their increased electrical conductivity as measured by low electrical resistance readings. Experiment 1 results defined improvement as either a complete remission of the tinnitus or a decrease in the frequency of the tinnitus. Experiment 2 utilized a single blind protocol with 20 subjects comprising 33 ears with tinnitus. Eighty-two percent of the 33 ears showed improvement by either of the two criteria. The permanence of the improvement ranged from 20 minutes to at least six months. The variables associated with this procedure were discussed. The adverse effects from the stimulation were minimal. PMID- 3900610 TI - [B-mode sonography of the neck. Comparison of results of sonography, computer tomography and pathomorphology]. AB - High-resolution B-scan sonography has so far been hardly utilized in the investigation of neck tumours. The results of B-scan sonography, computed tomography, and anatomic pathology are compared and discussed. Lymph node tumours of the neck are easily and precisely recognized by ultrasonography. The rate of false positive tumours diagnoses is higher in B-scan sonography than by computed tomography. The rate of false negative diagnoses is the same with both methods. The technical development of B-scan sonography will widen its application in E.N.T. surgery. PMID- 3900612 TI - [100th anniversary of the Sibenik Hospital]. PMID- 3900613 TI - In vitro evidence for a blood-borne renin-releasing factor. AB - The present studies using kidney slices were designed to test whether serotonergic stimulation of renin secretion is mediated via an endocrine signal. Previous in vivo studies have indicated that central serotonergic neurons regulate renin secretion. Administration of the serotonin releaser dl-p chloroamphetamine-HCl (PCA) to rats causes dose-dependent increases in renin secretion that can be blocked by serotonin depletion with p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA), injections of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine into the dorsal raphe nucleus or ablation of the mediobasal hypothalamus. The renin-releasing substance was obtained from nephrectomized male donor rats which were sacrificed 1 hour after receiving an injection of PCA intraperitoneally. Plasma from rats that received saline injections was used as control. The plasma was collected and separated by ultrafiltration into fractions containing solutes with molecular weights between 500-10,000 daltons. The renin-releasing ability of this substance was studied in vitro using rat renal cortical slices. The plasma fraction (M.W. = 500 - 10,000) from rats treated with PCA caused dose-dependent increases in renin release from the kidney slices. Heating of the plasma factor at 100 degrees C for 30 minutes did not reduce the ability of this substance to release renin from the kidney slices. PCA alone (66 X 10(-6)M) did not increase renin release from the kidney slices. These data suggest that stimulation of serotonergic receptors in the brain triggers the release of an endocrine factor that is capable of directly stimulating renin release from the kidneys. PMID- 3900614 TI - Dopamine D-2 receptor-mediated excitation of caudate nucleus neurons from the substantia nigra. AB - Microiontophoretic studies using cats anesthetized with alpha-chloralose were performed to elucidate whether the excitatory response of caudate nucleus (CN) neurons upon stimulation of the pars compacta of the substantia nigra (SN) is mediated by the dopamine D-1 or D-2 receptor. There were rare convergent inputs from the SN and motor cortex (MC) in the CN neurons. Iontophoretic application of haloperidol and domperidone (dopamine D-2 receptor antagonist) produced dose dependent inhibition of spikes elicited by SN stimulation in 25 of 42 and 50 of 82 CN neurons, respectively, however, no alterations of spikes elicited by MC stimulation occurred in any 11 neurons tested. Iontophoretically applied SCH 23390 (D-1 antagonist) did not inhibit the SN-induced spikes in any CN neurons, of which spikes were inhibited by domperidone. These results suggest that the SN induced spikes are mediated by dopamine, which acts on postsynaptic D-2 receptors. PMID- 3900615 TI - Oral polyunsaturated phosphatidylcholine reduces platelet lipid and cholesterol contents in healthy volunteers. AB - The effects of orally administered polyunsaturated phosphatidylcholine (PPC) on plasma lipids, lipoproteins and platelet function and composition were studied in seven healthy male volunteers. PPC (Nattermann & Cie, GmbH, Cologne, Federal Republic of Germany), 10 g/day, was given for a 6-week period after a 4-week wash out; laboratory tests were repeated after a further 4-week period after the end of treatment. PPC did not appear, during treatment, to modify the levels of plasma total cholesterol and triglycerides. High density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels were, however, increased after six weeks of PPC. The most dramatic changes occurred in platelet membrane composition: the total lipid/total protein and the cholesterol/protein ratios were reduced significantly, whereas increases of the phospholipid/total lipid ratio and of the linoleic acid membrane content were observed. Platelet function tests, both in whole blood and in platelet rich plasma, were not modified. Similarly, the thromboxane B2 formation after standard stimuli and the sensitivity to exogenous prostaglandin I2 also were unchanged. During the final wash out period following treatment, a reduction of plasma total and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels also was recorded. PPC appears to be capable of modulating lipid exchanges between cell membranes and the plasma compartment. PMID- 3900616 TI - Transsexuality in The Netherlands. Some medical and legal aspects. PMID- 3900617 TI - Haemoglobinometry: a historical review. PMID- 3900618 TI - Histological demonstration of spirochaetes: a method of preparing control sections. PMID- 3900619 TI - Biotyping of Escherichia coli by a multiple inoculation agar technique. PMID- 3900620 TI - Rapid detection of group A streptococci on throat swabs. PMID- 3900621 TI - [Radionuclide evaluation of the function of the operated kidneys]. AB - Altogether 68 patients were examined in early and late periods after operations on the kidneys. Function of the operated kidney was checked up by the results of two-indicator renal scintigraphy with 99mTc-DTPA and 131I-hippuran. When the kidney preserved its secretory capability and the suppression of organ function was caused by inhibited urine passage via the upper urinary tract, therapy aimed at the restoration of the kidney integrity and the elimination of the urine discharge obstruction, resulted in a rapid and complete recovery of all renal functions. Operative treatment of prolonged urological diseases complicated by chronic pyelonephritis, helped to accelerate secretory-excretory processes and slightly improved function of unchanged nephrons. A progressive decrease in the actively functioning parenchyma was recorded on scintigrams in 28% of the cases of the formation of the arteriosclerotic kidney. The authors found radionuclide investigations appropriate in the postoperative period not only in the development of complications and recurrences of urological diseases. Two indicator renal scintigraphy with glomerulotropic and tubulotropic radiopharmaceuticals made it possible to give an objective assessment of the efficacy of surgical intervention. PMID- 3900622 TI - [Neutron therapy in oncology]. PMID- 3900623 TI - Ovarian dermoid: side by side presentation of the sonographic differential diagnosis. PMID- 3900624 TI - Evaluation of image blur (unsharpness) in medical imaging. PMID- 3900626 TI - [They forged the victory]. PMID- 3900625 TI - Gastric emptying--forensic implications of current concepts. PMID- 3900628 TI - [Helping victory along]. PMID- 3900627 TI - [Status and future developments of laser equipment with fiber light guides for medical endoscopy]. AB - Presented in the paper are the review and analysis of published works on application of laser devices with fibre optic light guides in endoscopy. A Soviet laser device with the fibre optic light guide is developed for endoscopic procedures during surgery. Some future trends in developing the laser devices for diagnosis, therapy and surgery are discussed. PMID- 3900629 TI - Social skills training with persons who are mentally retarded. PMID- 3900630 TI - Glucoregulation in dogs treated with methyl-prednisolone. AB - In nonanesthetized dogs treated with 3 mg/kg . d methyl-prednisolone (MP) for four days the infusion of phlorizin decreases plasma glucose only transiently. The basal level is restored by an increase in hepatic glucose production. The concentration of plasma glucagon (IRG) is raised only about 26%, compared to the increase of 150% observed previously in untreated dogs. In insulin-induced hypoglycemia, hepatic glucose production increases and both the concentrations of epinephrine and IRG in the plasma are elevated significantly. Recovery from hypoglycemia after the cessation of the infusion is significantly faster than observed previously in normal dogs. The following conclusions were reached: In MP treated dogs during the infusion of phlorizin (in nonhypoglycemic glucoregulation) normoglycemia is restored faster, and by a much smaller increment in plasma glucagon concentration than previously observed in normal dogs. Regulation in overt hypoglycemia too operates more efficiently. In nonhypoglycemic glucoregulation a small change in plasma glucose concentration appears to be the primary stimulus that releases glucagon to the extent necessary to achieve the appropriate increase in hepatic glucose production in a given endocrine milieu. PMID- 3900631 TI - The metabolic response to the euglycemic insulin clamp in type I diabetes and normal humans. AB - The euglycemic insulin clamp has been utilized extensively to measure in vivo tissue sensitivity to insulin under various circumstances. Insulin sensitivity is determined from the amount of glucose metabolized under steady state conditions. To assess the effect of abnormalities in other insulin responsive metabolic pathways on glucose metabolism and thus insulin sensitivity as measured by the glucose clamp, the concentration of lactate, pyruvate, 3-hydroxybutyrate, glycerol, alanine, and free fatty acids were measured at baseline and during a two-hour euglycemic clamp in 13 nonobese subjects with type I diabetes. The observed responses were compared to 11 normal controls. Insulin sensitivity as measured by M (glucose metabolized), MCRg (metabolic clearance of glucose), and M/I ratio (glucose metabolized per unit insulin) were all significantly decreased in the diabetic subjects (P less than 0.005). Free fatty acids (FFA) and 3 hydroxybutyrate were significantly elevated at baseline in the diabetic subjects (P less than 0.05) and decreased significantly at 60 and 120 minutes in both groups. Baseline blood pyruvate and lactate concentrations were similar in the control and diabetic subjects. Pyruvate increased significantly at 60 minutes in both groups (P less than 0.05) and returned to baseline in the control subjects but remained elevated at 120 minutes in the diabetic subjects (P less than 0.001). Lactate increased similarly in both groups and remained elevated at 60 and 120 minutes. In summary, insulin sensitivity as assessed by the euglycemic insulin clamp is decreased in type I diabetes. However, specific differences in the concentration of several other metabolites both at baseline and in response to hyperinsulinemia were also identified in the diabetic subjects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3900632 TI - Metabolic effects of added dietary sucrose in individuals with noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). AB - This study addresses the metabolic effects of sucrose in the diets of 11 individuals with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Each of two dietary periods were 15 days in length, and contained 50% of the calories as carbohydrate, 30% as fat, and 20% as protein. The only variable between the two periods was the percentage of total calories as sucrose, 16% v 1%. Fasting blood samples were analyzed for plasma glucose and insulin as well as total plasma VLDL , LDL- and HDL-cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations. In addition, postprandial blood samples were obtained for the measurement of plasma glucose, insulin and triglyceride concentrations. Fasting plasma glucose, insulin, and day long insulin concentrations were similar between the two diets. However, the addition of sucrose in amounts comparable to those typically consumed by the general population resulted in significantly elevated day-long glucose (P less than 0.05) and triglyceride (P less than 0.05) responses, as well as elevated fasting total plasma cholesterol (P less than 0.001), triglyceride (P less than 0.05), VLDL-cholesterol (P less than 0.01), and VLDL-triglyceride (P less than 0.05) concentrations. LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol concentrations were unchanged during the added sucrose diet. It is clear that the consumption of diets containing moderate amounts of sucrose resulted in changes to plasma lipid and postprandial glucose concentrations that have been identified as risk factors for coronary artery disease. Therefore, it seems prudent at this time to advise patients with NIDDM to avoid added dietary sucrose. PMID- 3900633 TI - Glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity in patients on chronic hemodialysis. AB - In order to evaluate the potential role of parathyroid hormone on glucose metabolism in patients on chronic hemodialysis hyperglycemic clamp studies were performed in 7 parathyroidectomized and 11 nonparathyroidectomized patients on chronic hemodialysis and in healthy controls. There were no significant differences in the peripheral glucose uptake of the 3 groups. The beta cell response to hyperglycemia during the early phase as well as during the steady state was almost identical in controls and in nonparathyroidectomized uremics, whereas in the parathyroidectomized group a markedly enhanced insulin secretion was found. Calculated tissue sensitivity to insulin therefore was equal in controls and in nonparathyroidectomized uremics, whereas patients after parathyroidectomy had peripheral insulin resistance. Our results demonstrate that patients on chronic hemodialysis apparently have normal peripheral glucose uptake. The subgroup of patients who have undergone parathyroidectomy, however, show an enhanced insulin response to hyperglycemia suggesting peripheral insulin resistance. We conclude that longstanding and severe secondary hyperparathyroidism--the usual cause for parathyroidectomy in these patients- results in irreversible insulin resistance with a compensatory increase of insulin secretion. PMID- 3900634 TI - Polyacrolein microspheres. PMID- 3900635 TI - Preparation of antibody-toxin conjugates. PMID- 3900636 TI - Design of prodrugs for improved gastrointestinal absorption by intestinal enzyme targeting. PMID- 3900637 TI - Evidence that a system similar to the recA system of Escherichia coli exists in Vibrio cholerae. AB - Two lines of evidence suggest that a gene analogous to the recA gene of Escherichia coli exists in Vibrio cholerae and that its product serves a proteolytic function in the SOS response. Firstly, Southern blot hybridization using the recA gene of E. coli as a probe revealed a genomic sequence in V. cholerae which hybridized with the probe. Secondly, the SOS-like response in V. cholerae (as measured by beta phage induction) triggered by DNA damaging agents like Furazolidone could be blocked by Antipain, a protease inhibitor known to inhibit RecA protease action in E. coli. Maximal blocking effect of Antipain on beta phage induction occurred at 1 mM. At this concentration neither the viability of the host bacterium nor the lytic growth of a clear plaque mutant of the phage was affected by Antipain. PMID- 3900639 TI - An improved assay for DNA ligase reveals temperature-sensitive activity in cdc9 mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - A sensitive and quantitative assay for DNA ligase has been developed which is suitable for the analysis of crude cell extracts of yeast. The assay is sufficiently sensitive to detect the low levels of DNA ligase activity remaining in cdc9 mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Indeed, we have been able to show that this residual activity is temperature-sensitive, thus establishing finally that CDC9 is the structural gene for DNA ligase. PMID- 3900638 TI - A coupled in vitro system for the formation and packaging of concatemeric phage T1 DNA. AB - Extracts derived from E. coli cells infected non-permissively with phage T1 amber mutants were used in an in vitro system to investigate the packaging of T1 DNA into phage heads. The standard extract used infections with amber mutants in genes 1 and 2 (g1- g2-) which are defective in T1 DNA synthesis but can synthesis the proteins required for particle morphogenesis. g1- g2- extracts packaged T1+ virion DNA molecules with an efficiency of 3 X 10(5) pfu/micrograms DNA. Extracts from cells infected with phage also defective in DNA synthesis but carrying additional mutations in genes 3.5 or 4 which are required for concatemer formation in vivo (g1- g3.5- and g1- g4- extracts) package T1 virion DNA at substantially lower efficiencies. Analysis of the DNA products from these in vitro reaction showed that concatemeric DNA is formed very efficiently by g1- g2- extracts but not by g1- g3.5- or g1- g4- extracts. These results are interpreted as evidence that the T1 in vitro DNA packaging system primarily operates in a similar manner to the in vivo headful mechanism. This is achieved in vitro by the highly efficient conversion of T1 virion DNA into concatemers which are then packaged with a much lower efficiency into heads to form infectious particles. A secondary pathway for packaging T1 DNA into heads and unrelated to the headful mechanism may also exist. PMID- 3900641 TI - A mutational hot-spot in the hisM gene of the histidine transport operon in Salmonella typhimurium is due to deletion of repeated sequences and results in an altered specificity of transport. AB - Duplicated sequences within hisM, a gene coding for a membrane-bound component of histidine transport, result in frequent deletions which, being in frame, allow production of an altered protein with apparent changed specificity of transport. While the wild-type transport system does not transport L-histidinol but does transport L-histidine and several of its analogs, the hisM deletion mutants do not transport the latter compounds but do transport L-histidinol. These results are interpreted as supporting the hypothesis (Ames and Higgins 1983) that transport through periplasmic systems involves binding of the substrate by the cytoplasmic membrane-bound components. PMID- 3900640 TI - Cellular localization and export of the soluble haemolysin of Vibrio cholerae El Tor. AB - The cellular location of the haemolysin of Vibrio cholerae El Tor strain 017 has been analyzed. This protein is found both in the periplasmic space and the extracellular medium in Vibrio cholerae. However, when the cloned gene, present on plasmid pPM431, is introduced into E. coli K-12 this protein remains localized predominantly in the periplasmic space with no activity detected in the extracellular medium. Mutants of E. coli K-12 (tolA and tolB) which leak periplasmic proteins mimic excretion and release the haemolysin into the growth medium. Secretion of haemolysin into the periplasm is independent of perA (envZ) and in fact, mutants in perA (envZ) harbouring pPM431 show hyperproduction of periplasmic haemolysin. These results in conjunction with those for other V. cholerae extracellular proteins suggest that although E. coli K-12 can secrete these proteins into the periplasm, it lacks a specific excretion mechanism, present in V. cholerae, for the release of soluble proteins into the growth medium. PMID- 3900642 TI - Isolation of genes from Candida albicans by complementation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - A genomic library of the asexual pathogenic yeast Candida albicans was constructed in the S. cerevisiae vector YEp13. The library contains a representation of the entire genome with a probability of 99%. The expression of the genes of C. albicans in S. cerevisiae was examined and two mutations his3-1 and trp1-289 of S. cerevisiae were complemented by the cloned genes of C. albicans. The hybridization data indicates that the plasmids complementing the mutations of S. cerevisiae contain sequences from C. albicans. PMID- 3900643 TI - In vivo fluorescence microscopy of blood flow in mouse pancreatic islets: adrenergic effects in lean and obese-hyperglycemic mice. AB - The microcirculation in the islets of Langerhans was examined by fluorescence microscopy in living mice injected with fluorescent dextran. The islet capillary network was denser and more tortuously arranged in obese-hyperglycemic (ob/ob) mice than in lean controls. Injection of norepinephrine (0.5-4.0 micrograms/kg body wt) immediately led to a pronounced inhibition of islet blood flow in ob/ob mice. In experiments with lean mice less striking effects were seen. With as high a dose as 20 micrograms norepinephrine/kg body wt only a slight retardation and very brief stop of the flow occurred. The inhibition in ob/ob mice was blocked by phentolamine, indicating that the norepinephrine-induced inhibition was mediated by alpha-adrenoceptors. The alpha-2-adrenoceptor agonist, clonidine, had no effect on islet blood flow, suggesting that the effect of norepinephrine was due to alpha-1-adrenoceptor stimulation. It is concluded that in the living animal norepinephrine inhibits insulin secretion from the pancreas by a twofold mechanism involving inhibition of exocytosis (alpha-2-receptors on the beta cells) as well as retardation of blood flow (alpha-1-receptors on blood vessels). PMID- 3900644 TI - Intravenous regional analgesia and the Marcaine story. PMID- 3900645 TI - Characterization of pathogenic constituents of Cryptococcus neoformans strains. AB - We examined seven strains, comprising five serotypes, of Cryptococcus neoformans to determine what constituents of the organisms are responsible for pathogenicity and virulence in BALB/c mice. C. neoformans strains were divided into three virulence classes by survival rates after intravenous inoculation of 1 X 10(5) or 1 X 10(7) viable cells, and virulence was found not to be correlated with serotype or capsular size. C. neoformans cells resisted phagocytosis in different degrees in the presence of normal serum. Sensitivity of the C. neoformans strains to singlet oxygen ranged from resistance to susceptibility. Histological examination revealed that a weakly encapsulated virulent strain induced inflammatory responses with granuloma formation in the liver, lung, and kidney in addition to formation of cystic foci in the brain. In contrast, although the heavily encapsulated virulent strain produced granulomatous lesions in the liver, this strain preferably produced mucinous cystic foci in the lung, kidney, and brain. Correlation between virulence, and biological, histopathological and physiological evidence suggests that C. neoformans strains are endowed with the implicated multiple pathogenic constituents in various degrees and proportions. The following are suggested as the most important pathogenic constituents: a polysaccharide capsule responsible for resistance to phagocytosis and formation of cystic foci; a cell surface structure for responsible for resistance to intra- or extracellular killing and induction of the granulomatous lesion; a growth rate suitable for interacting with phagocytic elimination. PMID- 3900646 TI - When the catastrophe of war overwhelmed the world. PMID- 3900647 TI - Midwifery in the Second World War: the courage of London mothers in the Blitz. PMID- 3900648 TI - Missionary midwife saved from the war at sea. PMID- 3900649 TI - [Physiology of the growth and supersynthesis of DNA-polymerase in Escherichia coli during 2-stage continuous cultivation]. AB - The physiology of growth under the conditions of batch and continuous cultivation was studied with the recombinant strain of Escherichia coli CM 5199 capable of DNA polymerase I superproduction. The specific growth rate of the strain is 0.8 h 1 under the conditions of continuous cultivation which is almost 2.5 times greater than that in the exponential phase of batch cultivation. When the strain was cultivated at a flow rate above 0.3 h-1, the biomass concentration in the fermenter decreased and the culture was no more limited by the carbon source in the absence of other growth limiting components of the medium. Apparently, the metabolic product ceased to inhibit high growth rates of the culture under the conditions of continuous cultivation. The rate of DNA polymerase synthesis correlated with the specific growth rate and the respiration activity of the culture when the lambda pol A prophage was induced in the cells. The authors discuss the effectiveness of ribosome operation in the cells at a growth rate of 0.05 to 0.3 h-1 and the content of ribosomes at a higher growth rate in relation to DNA polymerase I synthesis. PMID- 3900650 TI - [Lytic activity against yeasts in Bacillus brevis culture broth]. AB - The cultural broth of Bacillus brevis, strain 5/4, is capable of lysing the cell walls of Rhodotorula rubra, Candida utilis and other yeasts. The lytic action of the cultural broth is ascribed to proteolysis. PMID- 3900651 TI - Zinc, cadmium, metallothionein, and progesterone: do they participate in the etiology of pregnancy induced hypertension? AB - Cadmium, a toxic heavy metal, has been incriminated in the etiology of essential hypertension. Zinc, an essential micronutrient necessary for growth, competes with cadmium for binding sites in biochemical processes; zinc deficiency states (i.e. pregnancy and low protein diet) might expose an individual to increased risk of cadmium toxicity. The increased sensitivity to cadmium during pregnancy could also be related to the effect of progesterone on zinc and cadmium metabolism through the actions of metallothionein (MT). MT is a low molecular weight protein believed to function in cadmium detoxification. Several studies in lab animals have documented a late gestation drop of maternal MT levels. This was thought to be due to rising progesterone levels. If there is also a late gestation drop in human maternal MT, then the propensity toward maternal cadmium toxicity would be enhanced. Therefore, we propose that when a zinc deficient woman becomes pregnant and is exposed to both the nutritional demands of the fetus and to the influence of progesterone, she will be likely to develop the manifestations of cadmium toxicity (i.e. hypertension, proteinuria, edema, etc.). PMID- 3900652 TI - The response of the surface electrocardiogram to inspiration. AB - The waveshape of the electrocardiogram (ECG), as is well known, varies with respiration. This effect was noted from the early days of clinical electrocardiography (1) and has generally been ascribed to changes in the position of the heart. Although it has mostly been regarded as "noise", it is generated by a process and may contain information on the process. This paper presents two hypotheses: firstly that the change of the ECG with a held inspiration can be separated into a step and a transient component and secondly that the transient component reflects the time course of changes of the right and left ventricular end-diastolic volumes during the maneuver. PMID- 3900653 TI - Queen Elizabeth I: a case of testicular feminization? AB - The purpose of this paper is to provide support for the hypothesis that Queen Elizabeth I was a case of testicular feminization (male pseudohermaphroditism) and for the explanation of her contemporaries and of some historians, that she never married because of some congenital defect. The phenotypical characteristics of the testicular feminization syndrome are strikingly similar to descriptions of Elizabeth's appearance, personality, behaviour, and particularly, to those physical defects which her contemporaries believed made her sterile and unwilling to marry. Modern historians have rejected the "physical defect" explanation of Elizabeth's refusal to marry in favour of a "psychological" explanation. The basic premise of the "psychological" explanation, that Elizabeth was physically capable of bearing children is unsound for a number of reasons. Recent advances in our understanding of the process of sexual differentiation, particularly, the description of the testicular feminization syndrome, justify a re-evaluation of the "physical defect evidence" of Elizabeth's contemporaries. PMID- 3900654 TI - Autofluorescence of alveolar macrophages: problems and potential solutions. AB - Despite recent advances in immunofluorescence technology, the study of alveolar macrophage cell surface proteins is hampered by the presence of autofluorescence. We suggest several approaches that might overcome this problem and enable specific immunofluorescent detection of cellular proteins and automated analysis of alveolar macrophages. PMID- 3900655 TI - Group A streptococci and puerperal fever. Then and now. PMID- 3900657 TI - Antifungal chemotherapy. PMID- 3900656 TI - Fluoride, teeth and bone. AB - Fluoride therapy has been credited with remarkable success in reducing the incidence of tooth decay. Medium to high doses of fluoride have been used in the treatment of osteoporosis. The precise mode of action of fluoride on teeth and bone has yet to be elucidated. It is often assumed that, except in rare circumstances, plasma and extracellular fluid levels of ionic fluoride will not reach concentrations capable of interfering with the normal functioning of human cells. However, fluoride accumulates in skeletal tissues and may be concentrated in the surface layers of the lacunae and canaliculae of bone. Such a hypothetical mechanism may help to clarify the pathogenesis of the osseous lesions in skeletal fluorosis. This hypothesis should be tested in view of recent findings which show that sodium fluoride has a genotoxic effect on embryonic cell culture lines, and can interfere with DNA synthesis in human oral keratinocytes. PMID- 3900659 TI - The Baker Medical Research Institute. PMID- 3900658 TI - Corticosteroid agents in intensive care. PMID- 3900660 TI - Severe puerperal sepsis. PMID- 3900661 TI - Recent advances in the prevention or reduction of cytotoxic-induced emesis. PMID- 3900662 TI - [Farmer's lung or Ramazzini's disease]. PMID- 3900663 TI - Ceftazidime (Fortaz). PMID- 3900664 TI - Serum neuron-specific enolase in metastatic Merkel cell tumors. AB - Three patients with widely disseminated Merkel cell tumors of the skin are presented. In all three cases, neuron-specific enolase (NSE) was demonstrated in neoplastic tissue by immunohistochemical staining, and serum NSE levels were also elevated in all three patients. Serum NSE may prove to be a useful tumor marker in this and other malignancies of neuroendocrine origin. PMID- 3900665 TI - [Development of the health service in Petrovaradin from the time of national liberation until today]. PMID- 3900666 TI - 1985 William D. Coolidge Award. PMID- 3900667 TI - Acceptance of the Coolidge Award. PMID- 3900668 TI - Physical treatment planning of total-body irradiation: patient translation and beam-zone method. AB - In the treatment of acute leukemias, high doses of chemotherapy and total-body irradiation (TBI) are used prior to bone marrow transplantation. However, the doses needed equal or exceed the tolerance of vital organs at risk. Thus precision and reliability of treatment are required. A new concept of TBI is introduced, combining a patient translation whole-body irradiation technique with the beam-zone method for individual treatment planning. The patient rests first in the prone, then in the supine position on a specially constructed flat couch and is moved horizontally with a preset constant velocity, completely through a vertical 60Co beam, twice for PA/AP TBI. This technique enlarges the useful beam size, improves the photon fluence uniformity, and reduces the depth-dose inhomogeneity. In translation irradiation, the product of velocity and integrated dose is the significant measurement. This velocity-dose product can be described sufficiently as a function of the local thickness and the local effective field size. Using the beam-zone method, calculation and checking of the dose at reference points in homogeneous, inhomogeneous, or shielded regions is simplified and reduces to taking dose measurements at the center of equivalent square phantoms. Since April 1983, about 20 leukemia patients received TBI by this individually planned translation-irradiation technique. A dose homogeneity within +/- 7% is achieved in the entire body. PMID- 3900669 TI - Software reliability and algorithm validation for medical imaging: performance of common edge detection methods in nuclear medicine. AB - Ten common edge detection algorithms plus the NNA (nearest-neighbor algorithm) developed by the authors were evaluated under the conditions of low ID (information density) and low spatial resolution commonly found in nuclear images. Both phantoms and clinical images were used, and isolated regions as well as overlapping regions with variable backgrounds were analyzed at various ID's. Threshold criteria were also adaptively varied as a function of local ID. Performance was quantitated in terms of (a) accuracy of area determinations, (b) receiver operating characteristic operating points, and (c) shape preservation. With adaptive thresholding at high ID's, several of the methods performed well on isolated regions and adequately on overlapping regions, but only the NNA performed consistently at low ID's as well as at high ID's. PMID- 3900670 TI - The influence of phantom size on output, peak scatter factor, and percentage depth dose in large-field photon irradiation. AB - Machine outputs, peak scatter factors, and central axis percentage depth dose distributions were measured for various phantom sizes in large radiation fields produced at extended distances by cobalt, 6-MV, and 10-MV photon beams. The results can be applied to practical total body irradiation procedures which usually involve treatment volumes smaller than the actual field sizes in order to provide a uniform total body exposure to radiation. Our study addresses the question of the appropriate phantom dimension to be used in the calibration of photon beams employed in total body irradiations. The measurements show that the machine outputs are only slightly dependent on phantom size; the percentage depth dose distributions, however, are strongly dependent on the phantom size, suggesting that machine data for total body irradiations should be measured in phantoms whose dimensions approximate the patient during the total body irradiation. Peak scatter factors measured in large-field/small-phantom configurations link up well with the published small-field/large-phantom data. The finite patient thickness lowers the dose to points close to the beam exit surface by a few percent, when compared to dose measured at the same depths in infinitely thick phantoms. The surface doses in large radiation fields are essentially independent of phantom cross sections and range from 40% for the 10 MV beam, to 65% for the 6-MV beam and 80% for the cobalt beam. PMID- 3900673 TI - Effect of chronic and progressive increase of portal venous pressure on renal handling of water and electrolytes in rats. AB - Systemic and splanchnic hemodynamics and the changes in renal function induced by saline infusion (3% body weight) were studied in rats with a chronic and progressive model of portal hypertension (CPH) and in a control group. CPH rats showed a hyperdynamic circulatory status with increased cardiac output, decreased total peripheral resistances, and decreased portal inflow. Portal hypertension was accompanied by intrahepatic hypertension. Clearance studies revealed that in basal conditions CPH rats showed lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), renal plasma flow (RPF), urinary flow, and potassium excretion than control rats, while the difference in Na and Cl excretion was not statistically significant. After saline infusion (3% body weight, 15 ml/h), differences in GFR and RPF became nonsignificant, but CPH rats showed lower Na, Cl and osmolar excretion and urinary flow than control rats. In basal conditions, plasma renin content was higher in CPH than in control rats, and decreased in both groups after volume expansion, the difference then being not statistically significant. These results demonstrate that chronic portal hypertension results in impairment of GFR, RPF and renal handling of water and electrolytes and suggest the involvement of a hepatorenal sympathetic reflex in these alterations. This reflex could be stimulated by the increase in intrahepatic pressure rather than by portal hypertension per se. PMID- 3900674 TI - [Zinc and growth]. PMID- 3900675 TI - [Antibacterial efficacy of a new chemotherapeutic agent in acute infections of the upper respiratory tract in childhood. Controlled clinical trial of xibornol and josamycin]. PMID- 3900676 TI - [Exodontics in prehistory and in contemporary primitive societies. A study of tooth extraction as a technic of utilitarian resort and as a fact of custom]. PMID- 3900677 TI - [Current developments in the treatment of essential trigeminal neuralgia]. PMID- 3900679 TI - [Immunohistochemical study of a case of a solitary plasmacytoma located in the tongue]. PMID- 3900678 TI - [Assessment of the blood chemistry parameters in the oral cavity treatment of chronic uremic patients]. PMID- 3900680 TI - [Scaling and root polishing with curets and ultrasonic and pneumatic planers: SEM observations of the root surface]. PMID- 3900681 TI - Electrophysiologic studies in the diagnosis and prognosis of motor neuron diseases. AB - The identification and characterization of motor neuron diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, can be much enhanced by electrodiagnostic testing. Combinations of needle electromyography, nerve conduction studies, and other techniques can not only confirm the diagnosis or identify the presence of unsuspected disease, but can also provide clues to the rate of progression and prognosis. PMID- 3900682 TI - Electromyography in the evaluation of muscle diseases. AB - This review deals with electromyographic criteria that distinguish between weakness and wasting due to disease of the muscle fiber or secondary to denervation. The criteria reflect scattered loss or block of muscle fibers. The diagnostic yield of the electromyographic criteria is 87 per cent, slightly higher than the yield of histopathology and histochemistry. PMID- 3900683 TI - The electroencephalogram in altered states of consciousness. AB - The EEG can be very helpful in the evaluation of patients with altered states of consciousness. Diffuse slowing of background rhythms and the presence of triphasic waves suggests metabolic dysfunction, particularly hepatic. Generalized fast activity may be seen in patients with a drug intoxication. Abnormalities, such as PLEDs or focal continual PDA, support a diagnosis of supratentorial lesion, whereas a normal appearing EEG in a comatose patient suggests a brain stem lesion. In addition, the EEG may reveal that the alteration in consciousness is due to continual epileptic activity without motor manifestations (nonconvulsive status) that had not been suspected. As indicated, certain patterns have prognostic implications. However, as these patterns are not specific for a single etiology, the EEG is of most help when the cause is known. For example, burst suppression or a diffuse alpha pattern coma can be seen in either hypoxia or a drug intoxication. With hypoxia, these patterns carry an extremely poor prognosis for useful recovery, whereas complete recovery is often seen in cases secondary to drug ingestion. As a more extreme example, a patient whose EEG shows ECS secondary to drug intoxication may recover but will not if the ECS is due to hypoxia or severe head trauma. If the etiology of the encephalopathy is unknown, then sequential records are needed for prognosis. PMID- 3900672 TI - Comparative biology of intracellular parasitism. PMID- 3900684 TI - Electrophysiologic evaluation of dementia. AB - Several electrophysiologic techniques including routine electroencephalography, frequency analysis, and evoked potentials have been used in the evaluation of demented patients. The clinical utility of these tests, both in diagnosis and establishing prognosis, is considered. PMID- 3900685 TI - Evaluation of focal cerebral lesions. Role of electroencephalography in the era of computed tomography. AB - We have reviewed the principal electroencephalographic findings in focal cerebral lesions and indicated practical applications for EEG in the era of CT. CT has restricted the use of EEG for detecting and localizing brain lesions, but it has also allowed EEG to focus appropriately on physiologic rather than anatomic issues. Clinically important focal electroencephalographic abnormalities may occur in the absence of CT lesions, and clinicians must understand the implications of such dissociations. PMID- 3900671 TI - Phosphoenolpyruvate:carbohydrate phosphotransferase system of bacteria. PMID- 3900686 TI - Electrophysiologic evaluation of patients with multiple sclerosis. AB - In patients with suspected MS but clinical evidence for only a single lesion, electrophysiologic studies may provide evidence for subclinical involvement elsewhere in the CNS, thereby helping to establish the diagnosis with greater confidence. They may also provide objective evidence of neurologic dysfunction in patients with nonspecific symptoms whose true nature is not otherwise apparent. The possible role and limitations of electrophysiologic techniques in following the course of MS is discussed. PMID- 3900687 TI - Utility of multimodality evoked potentials in cerebral injury. AB - With technical rigor and a few modifications, reliable recordings of multimodality evoked potentials can be obtained in patients suffering head injury. The integrity or complexity of the EP waveform appears to be the best indicator of the reversibility of injury to the CNS. A multimodality approach is recommended in head trauma to enhance the sample of brain tissue evaluated, as a single pathway courses a very limited region of brain. In head injury, the EP and clinical findings do not correlate perfectly, although they are generally in agreement. In most cases, the EPs are accurate prognostic indicators and the rate of error of prediction is actually slightly lower than that of the clinical examination in head trauma. Serial evaluations are often necessary as a patient's course and prognosis may change. These changes may not be readily apparent on clinical examination. The information provided by MEP studies is quite helpful when the clinical examination is incomplete or inconsistent. Even when clinical data are available, the EP results, when combined with other indicators of neurologic integrity, afford a firmer basis for diagnostic and prognostic decisions. PMID- 3900688 TI - Electrophysiologic recognition of certain occupation-related neurotoxic disorders. AB - Electrophysiologic techniques can help in evaluating the hazards of occupational exposure to toxic substances and in detecting or characterizing neurotoxic disorders. The electrophysiologic features of certain neurotoxic disorders are considered in order to exemplify particular points of clinical or pathophysiologic relevance. PMID- 3900689 TI - Gov. John Ashcroft talks with the MSMA about medical issues. Interview by C. C. Swarens. PMID- 3900690 TI - [G. E. Konjetzny and surgery]. PMID- 3900692 TI - [Regularities of the nucleotide sequence at the 5'-end of the codon in Escherichia coli genes]. AB - The frequencies of occurrence of nucleotides at the 5' side of codons have been determined in highly and weakly expressed genes from E. coli. Significant constraints on the nucleotide 5' to some codons were found in highly expressed genes. Certain rules of synonymous codon usage depending on the amino acid 3' of the codon were established. E. g., codon possessing quanosine in the third position (NNG) are preferred over NNA if the next amino acid is lysine (P less than 10(-5)). On the other hand, rules of synonymous codon usage in relation to 5' flanking nucleotide were found. For example, when coding for aspartic acid, GAC codon is preferred over GAU (P less than 0.001) if uridine is 5' to codon and on the contrary GAU is favoured (P less than 0.0001) if quanosine is at the 5' side of aspartic acid codon. These rules can be used in the chemical synthesis of genes designed for expression in E. coli. PMID- 3900691 TI - Modified properties of hexokinase from heart mitochondria prepared using proteolytic enzyme. AB - Isolation of muscle mitochondria is made easier by using proteolytic treatment of the tissue before homogenization. Normally, the proteolytic enzyme is discarded with the supernatant of the first centrifugation. However, our results show that a fraction of enzyme activity remains associated with mitochondria. As shown in experiments described in this paper, mitochondrial hexokinase from tissue treated or not with the proteolytic enzyme exhibits similar properties except that the solubilized enzyme from protease treated tissue is no longer able to rebind to mitochondrial membrane. This modification of the binding ability of the enzyme results from a partial hydrolysis of hexokinase during solubilization experiments by the proteolytic enzyme. Since, as pointed out here, proteolytic enzyme can remain associated with mitochondria, [either absorbed on mitochondrial membrane or included in the mitochondrial pellet] its use for the isolation of muscle mitochondria should be avoided. PMID- 3900693 TI - [An approach to the problem of the structuro-functional organization of natural peptides]. AB - Theory and computational scheme of three-dimensional structure and dynamic conformational properties of naturally occurring peptides are proposed basing on a known amino acid sequence. The diverse biological activity of a low-molecular peptide is shown to arise from a restricted number of preferable spatial structures which may occur under physiological conditions. Each particular function of an oligopeptide is connected to a definite spatial structure, belonging to the set of low-energy conformations from one biological activity of a peptide shift of the conformational equilibrium caused by a change of environmental conditions. This shift is provided for by specific intramolecular interactions, alternative in their nature, which stabilize a particular structure. An approach is suggested which enables to construct a synthetic analog with the predetermined physiologically active conformation, prior to all chemical and biological tests. PMID- 3900694 TI - [Effect of Ecodam DNA-methylase on single-stranded sequences and synthetic oligonucleotides]. AB - Interaction of the Ecodam methylase with different substrates were investigated among them the double- and single-stranded DNAs and synthetic oligonucleotides containing some defects in the GATC sequence. These defects were:nick, the absence of one internucleotide phosphate of nucleotide; partially single-stranded form on the recognition site etc. It was demonstrated that the presence of both G . A-dinucleotides in the recognition site is necessary for productive enzyme substrate interaction. The absence of T and/or C residues is less dramatic for methylase activity. The Ecodam methylase is capable to modify the single-stranded oligonucleotides by forming the double-stranded structure in the symmetric recognition sequences GATC. PMID- 3900695 TI - [Identification of bacterial clones that encode cow's caseins by direct immunological screening of the cDNA library]. AB - A sensitive immunoassay was used to identify recombinant DNA plasmids carrying cDNA fragments of bovine caseins in the cDNA library from rRNA of bovine mammary glands. Colonies grown on nitrocellulose filters were lysed in situ and proteins from the lysates were blotted onto CNBr-activated filter paper. Antigens covalently bound to the CNBr-activated paper or bound to the nitrocellulose filters were detected by reaction with antiserum to caseins, followed by 125I labeled protein A from Staphylococcus aureus and autoradiography. Four clones were positive among 5400 bacterial clones of the cDNA library--al, b2, b5, h7. Molecular weights of chimeric proteins pre-beta-lactamase:casein synthesized in Escherichia coli were determined by immunoblotting. Colony hybridization and DNA sequence analysis showed that clone b5 contained cDNA fragment of bovine kappa caseins and clone h7 cDNA fragment of beta-casein. The last clone was designated pKcas beta-7. PMID- 3900697 TI - Monoclonal antibodies to human casein. AB - Two monoclonal antibodies, LICR-LON-32.2 (32.2) and LICR-LON-14.1 (14.1), are described which react with human casein. 32.2 reacts with human beta-casein and 14.1 with human kappa-casein. 32.2 also reacts with rat band 2 casein and bovine beta-casein, but 14.1 appears to be specific for human kappa-casein. These monoclonal antibodies do not cross-react with other milk proteins. PMID- 3900696 TI - beta 2-Microglobulin from serum associates with several class I antigens expressed on the surface of mouse L-cells. AB - Bovine beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2-m) present in fetal calf serum (FCS) is able to replace endogenous beta 2-m associated with several class I antigens from human and mouse cells maintained in culture [Bernabeu et al. (1984) Nature, Lond. 308, 642-645]. Here we show that human HLA-A2 and HLA-B7, as well as mouse H-2Ld and H-2Dd heavy chains expressed after gene transfer in mouse L-cells, associate to a large extent with bovine beta 2-m. We also demonstrate that bovine beta 2-m associated with the endogenous H-2Kk/Dk heavy chains generates an antibody response when L-cells are injected into syngeneic C3H mice. PMID- 3900698 TI - [Somatomedin and growth]. PMID- 3900699 TI - [The criterion of metabolic control in type I diabetics]. PMID- 3900700 TI - [Current aspects of long-term therapy of diabetic children and adolescents]. PMID- 3900701 TI - [Antibody base titer against the yeast fungus of the Candida family in childhood]. AB - Because of the omnipresence of yeasts belonging to the species Candida it is not easy to distinguish between contamination and infection in patients (e.g. swabs from skin or mucous membranes). Antibody detection may be helpful for the diagnosis of severe Candida infection. However, during early infancy most children produce Candida antibodies without the signs of infection. Those basic antibody titers have to be considered when antibody determination becomes necessary to prove acute systemic Candida infection. Lowest titers against Candida were detected in the first year of life based on the decrease of the maternally transmitted antibodies. However, Candida colonization rates are most frequently detectable in this period. At the age of 10 years the antibody titers of adults are reached. The determination of one single titer does not justify any conclusion of Candida infection because the antibody basic titers are widely scattered. Systemic Candida infections still remain a more or less clinical diagnosis which can only be confirmed by the antibody titer dynamics. PMID- 3900702 TI - [Bacterial growth in breast milk under various storage conditions]. AB - To find the best temperature for storing human breast milk in the first test series, bacterial growth was determined and recorded at refrigerator temperatures of 8 to 10 degrees C and at 4 degrees C respectively. During a 3-day observation period, there was a slight decrease in bacterial count (b.c.) at higher temperature whereas the b.c. decrease at the lower temperature was more significant. In another test 72 samples of milk were kept for one month at a temperature of -20 degrees C; the b.c. observed after thawing was substantially smaller than that recorded before freezing. Pasteurized milk samples were found sterile with the method we used (in 0.1 ml). In a third test a measured quantity of specific bacteria was added to the milk samples which were first deep-frozen, thereafter pasteurized and finally stored in a refrigerator for 3 days at 4 degrees C. During this process, a decrease was observed in all the bacteria involved. In our opinion, breast milk is best stored at a constant temperature of 4 degrees C. Pasteurization and freezing are also recommended from a bacteriological point of view. PMID- 3900703 TI - [Bacterial contamination of pump-collected breast milk]. AB - Breast feeding of premature, new-born babies is often difficult when they become sick and are transferred to a children's hospital. The mother's milk should be collected and provided to the child without a loss of quality or too high a bacterial count which could endanger his health. We collected 113 samples of milk using electric vacuum breast pumps and then determined the bacterial contamination. In most cases there was evidence of bacteria normally found on the skin although more than 10(5)/ml of these bacteria were found in only 11.5% of the samples. As potentially pathogenic germs gram-negative bacilli, beta hemolytic Streptococci Group B and Staphylococcus aureus were found. The electric pumps were cleaned with two different methods: the usual technique (Series I: 41 samples) and second, sterilization or replacement of the various external pump components between the collection of individual milk samples (Series II: 72 samples). The total of bacteria was considerably reduced by these additional hygienic measures; 62.5% of the samples could now be given to the children unpasteurized whereas the former figure was only 29.3%. On the other hand there was no decrease in the number of milk samples containing either beta-hemolytic Streptococci (Group B) or more than 10(5)/ml bacteria normally found on the skin. PMID- 3900704 TI - [Sonographic findings in Tamm-Horsfall nephropathy in a newborn infant]. PMID- 3900705 TI - Anesthesia and sedation in the dental office. National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement. PMID- 3900706 TI - Activation of the food mutagens IQ and MeIQ by hepatic S9 fractions derived from various species. AB - The ability of hepatic S9 mixes derived from different rodent species (rat, mouse, Syrian and Chinese hamster) to activate the mutagens 2-amino-3 methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ) and 2-amino-3,4-dimethylimidazo[4,5 f]quinoline (MeIQ) was investigated using Salmonella typhimurium strain TA98. In general, the mutagenicity of IQ and MeIQ was greatest in the presence of S9 fractions from Swiss albino mice and least from fractions derived from Chinese hamsters. However, treatment of rats or hamsters with Aroclor 1254 had little or no effect on the activation of IQ or MeIQ to mutagens. PMID- 3900707 TI - Antimutagenic activity of the novel antileukemic agents, avarone and avarol. AB - The two antileukemic agents, avarone and avarol, were determined to be neither direct nor indirect mutagenic agents in the Ames microsomal test. Moreover, the two sesquiterpenoid compounds drastically reduced the mutagenic effect of benzo[a]pyrene in the same system. Subsequent enzymic studies demonstrated that avarone and avarol are powerful inhibitors of benzo[a]pyrene monooxygenase. PMID- 3900708 TI - Phenobarbital induces aneuploidy in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and stimulates the assembly of porcine brain tubulin. AB - Phenobarbital (PB) specifically induces mitotic chromosomal malsegregation in the diploid Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain D61.M but no other genetic events such as mitotic recombination or point mutations. In accordance with the hypothesis that PB exerts its genotoxic activity by an interaction with tubulin, it stimulates the GTP-promoted assembly of porcine brain tubulin in vitro. This process is reversible thus excluding an unspecific denaturation of the tubulin protein by PB. PMID- 3900709 TI - Evaluation of the new system (umu-test) for the detection of environmental mutagens and carcinogens. AB - The umu operon in Escherichia coli is responsible for chemical and radiation mutagenesis, and the expression of the operon itself is inducible by these DNA damaging agents. The principle of the umu-test is based on the ability of the DNA damaging agents, most of which are potential carcinogens, to induce the umu operon. A plasmid (pSK1002) carrying a fused gene umuC'-'lacZ was introduced into Salmonella typhimurium TA1535. The strain TA1535/pSK1002 enabled us to monitor the levels of umu operon expression by measuring the beta-galactosidase activity in the cells produced by the fusion gene. Using this strain, a simple, inexpensive, and sensitive system, the umu-test, for the screening of environmental mutagens and carcinogens was developed. 38 chemicals with different structures and modes of action, including 31 known animal carcinogens, were examined by the test to evaluate the system. The threshold sensitivity of the umu test was approximately equal to that of the Ames test for chemicals genotoxic in both tests. By the umu-test, using the single tester strain, we detect many types of DNA-damaging agents for which the Ames test requires several tester strains. Furthermore, the umu-test provides a potential practical advantage for the screening of various environmental samples containing amino acids and nutrients such as urine, serum and foods. PMID- 3900710 TI - Study of the optimal temperature for the liver microsomal assay with mice S9 fractions. AB - The effect of temperature on enzymatic activity and stability was studied with respect to the monooxygenase activities of aminopyrine-N-demethylase (APD) and p nitroanisole O-demethylase (pNAD) under incubation conditions for the liver microsomal assay. The activities of S9 liver fractions of mice induced with sodium phenobarbital and beta-naphthoflavone were determined during a period of preincubation in a range of temperatures from 30 to 44 degrees C. The greatest value of the mean specific activity was found at 40-42 degrees C for both APD and pNAD. The rapid increase of lipid peroxidation after 1 h of incubation at temperatures higher than 42 degrees C can provide an explanation of the enhancement of the rate of inactivation. In order to determine whether biological response is affected by the modifications induced by temperature in the metabolic activating system, tester strain D7 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was used to assay the genetic activity of the well known premutagenic agent cyclophosphamide by incubating the mixtures both at the traditional temperature of 37 degrees C and at 42 degrees C. We suggest that the use of more favourable conditions for LMA with respect to enzymatic activity, than the traditional ones could improve the reliability and the sensitivity of such tests. PMID- 3900712 TI - Transmission and expression of mutations to nalidixic acid resistance among products of protoplast fusion crosses of Candida albicans. AB - Earlier studies suggested that heritable resistance to nalidixic acid (Nal) induced in the asexual, pathogenic yeast Candida albicans by growth on Nal results from mitochondrial mutation. To determine conclusively whether mutations to Nal resistance are cytoplasmic or nuclear, several stable Nal-resistant (Nalr) mutants exhibiting distinctive differences in degrees of Nal resistance were obtained from each of two doubly auxotrophic strains (Ade-, Thr- and Arg-, His-), both derived from the same wild-type stock. Inheritance of Nal resistance was then assessed in a series of protoplast fusion crosses between complementing auxotrophs. The initial, intact cellular products of a fusion cross are prototrophic heterokaryons which frequently assort single parental nuclei into monokaryotic blastospores containing biparental cytoplasms. Occasional karyogamy within heterokaryons also yields prototrophic hybrid monokaryons which can undergo recombinations for chromosomal markers through spontaneous or induced mitotic crossing-over. Segregation and expression of Nal resistance among non hybrid, parental-type monokaryons from Nalr X Nals heterokaryons showed that Nalr mutations are nuclear and that their expressions are not noticeably affected by admixture of cytoplasms of sensitive and resistant parental strains. Analyses of heterokaryons and hybrid monokaryons from Nalr X Nals and Nalr X Nalr crosses demonstrated that Nal resistance is recessive to sensitivity, and that independent Nalr mutations arise at one gene in the Ade-, Thr- strain and at a separate, complementing single gene in the Arg-, His- strain. Prior work demonstrated that induction of Nalr mutations in wild-type C. albicans depends profoundly on the (i) carbon and nitrogen, (ii) growth temperature, (iii) contact with particular metabolic inhibitors and (iv) division stage of cells during exposure to Nal. The present observations indicate that the character of cellular auxotrophies can determine the genetic loci at which Nalr mutations can be recovered. PMID- 3900711 TI - Antimutagenic activity of some naturally occurring compounds towards cigarette smoke condensate and benzo[a]pyrene in the Salmonella/microsome assay. AB - Several compounds, occurring in food, were tested for antimutagenic activity towards cigarette-smoke condensate (CSC) and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP). Antimutagenicity was determined in the Salmonella/microsome test, with tester strain TA98, in the presence of rat-liver homogenate. Dose-response curves did show reduction of CSC- and BaP-induced mutagenicity by ellagic acid, riboflavin and chlorophyllin. Chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b, although less distinct, also inhibited CSC- and BaP-induced mutagenicity. Ascorbic acid, beta-carotene, tocopherol acetate, chlorogenic acid and butyl hydroxyanisole did not have any influence on the mutagenicity of CSC and BaP. The similarity in results for cigarette-smoke condensate and for BaP indicates that a general mechanism may be involved in the inhibition of CSC- and BaP-induced mutagenicity. PMID- 3900714 TI - The mouse spot test. Evaluation of its performance in identifying chemical mutagens and carcinogens. AB - The published results on 60 chemicals and X-rays investigated in the mouse spot test were compared with data on the same chemicals tested in the bacterial mutation assay (Ames test) and lifetime rodent bioassays. The performance of the spot test as an in vivo complementary assay to the in vitro bacterial mutagenesis test reveals that of 60 agents, 38 were positive in both systems, 6 were positive only in the spot test, 10 were positive only in the bacterial test and 6 were negative in both assays. The spot test was also considered as a predictor of carcinogenesis; 45 chemicals were carcinogenic of which 35 were detected as positive by the spot test and 3 out of 6 non-carcinogens were correctly identified as negative. If the results are regarded in sequence, i.e. that a positive result in a bacterial mutagenicity test reveals potential that may or may not be realized in vivo, then 48 chemicals were mutagenic in the bacterial mutation assay of which 38 were active in the spot test and 31 were confirmed as carcinogens in bioassays. 12 chemicals were non-mutagenic to bacteria of which 6 gave positive responses in the spot test and 5 were confirmed as carcinogens. These results provide strong evidence that the mouse coat spot test is an effective complementary test to the bacterial mutagenesis assay for the detection of genotoxic chemicals and as a confirmatory test for the identification of carcinogens. The main deficiency at present is the paucity of data from the testing of non-carcinogens. With further development and improvement of the test it is probable that the predictive performance of the assay in identifying carcinogens should improve, since many of the false negative responses may be due to inadequate testing. PMID- 3900713 TI - Benzo[a]pyrene diol-epoxides: different mutagenic efficiency in human and bacterial cells. AB - Monolayer cultures of diploid human fibroblasts and suspensions of S. typhimurium TA100 cells were treated with [3H]-labelled enantiomeric forms of benzo[a]pyrene anti and syn 7,8-dihydrodiol 9,10-epoxides. In both cell types, all of the enantiomers induced the formation of mutant 6-thioguanine (human) or 8-azaguanine (bacterial)resistant cells. Diol-epoxide-modified nucleosides from human and from bacterial DNA hydrolysates were characterized by HPLC and showed essentially the same adduct species for human and bacterial cells treated with the same enantiomers. There were substantial differences, however, in the efficiency with which structurally-different adduct species were converted to mutant genotypes. In human cells, the mutagenic efficiency (mutation frequency/unit modified DNA) of the respective adduct species (+ anti much greater than -anti = +/- syn) at the hprt locus was exactly the opposite of that seen at a similar gene locus (gpt) in TA100 (-anti = +/- syn greater than + anti). The results suggest that the structural configuration of adducts in genomic DNA is important in determining whether a mutant genotype will result, and likewise, that there are differences in specificity between the human and bacterial systems which process these adduct lesions. PMID- 3900715 TI - International Commission for Protection Against Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens. ICPEMC Working Paper No. 2. Diet, mutation and cancer. AB - Experimental research designed to determine the effects of variations in diet on the carcinogenic and mutagenic processes is difficult to conduct and even more difficult to interpret in terms of the likely response that such variations will have on the expression of human cancer and mutation. Although some of these difficulties may be due to a failure to persuade adequate numbers of highly trained nutritionists to enter into this type of research, a more germaine reason may be that the high level of complexity of both diet and the disease processes is such as to confound present efforts at interpretation. It is suggested that a stepwise analysis of the effects of dietary factors on each critical stage in carcinogenesis or mutagenesis may ultimately lead to results that are more easily interpreted in terms of human response. To this end it is proposed that studies of DNA-carcinogen or DNA-mutagen adduct formation, or other DNA damage, DNA replication and relevant DNA repair at the target site may be a useful guide to the effect of nutritional changes on mutation and/or cancer initiation. DNA replication at various stages of carcinogenesis, modification of hormonal levels, modification of immune response, or other factors as influenced by diet may provide markers for cancer development. The integration of this data to give an overall perception of the effects of nutrition is briefly discussed. PMID- 3900716 TI - Genotoxicity assay of oil dispersants in bacteria (mutation, differential lethality, SOS DNA-repair) and yeast (mitotic crossing-over). AB - 5 oil dispersants and a sample of paraffin were devoid of mutagenic activity in the Ames reversion test, with and without S9 mix, using 7 his- S. typhimurium strains (TA1535, TA1537, TA1538, TA97, TA98, TA100, TA102). However, 3 dispersants produced direct DNA damage in E. coli WP2, which was not repairable in repair-deficient strains (WP2uvrA, CM871, TM1080), as shown by two different DNA-repair test procedures. The uvrA excision-repair system was in all cases the most important mechanism involved in repairing the DNA damage produced by oil dispersants, while the combination of uvrA with other genetic defects (polA, recA, lexA) decreased the efficiency of the system. The observed genotoxic effects were considerably lowered in the presence of S9 mix containing liver S9 fractions from Aroclor-treated rats. The sample of oil dispersant yielding the most pronounced DNA damage in repair-deficient E. coli failed to induce gene sfiA in E. coli (strain PQ37), using the SOS chromotest, or mitotic crossing-over in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain D5). The direct toxicity of the oil dispersant to both bacterial and yeast cells was markedly decreased in the presence of rat liver preparations. These two short-term tests were effective in detecting the genotoxicity of both direct-acting compounds (such as 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide and methyl methanesulfonate) and procarcinogens (such as cyclophosphamide, 2 aminoanthracene and 2-aminofluorene). Moreover, the SOS chromotest was successfully applied to discriminate the activity of chromium compounds as related to their valence (i.e. Cr(VI) genotoxic and Cr(III) inactive). Combination of oil dispersants with Cr(VI) compounds did not affect the direct mutagenicity to S. typhimurium (TA102) of a soluble salt (sodium dichromate) nor did it result in any release of a water-soluble salt (lead chromate), as also confirmed by analytical methods. On the other hand, exposure to sunlight tended to decrease, to a slow rate, the direct genotoxicity of an oil dispersant in the bacterial DNA-repair test. PMID- 3900717 TI - Absence of mutagenic activity of ticlopidine in the Ames Salmonella/microsome test. AB - Ticlopidine hydrochloride, 5-(o-chlorobenzyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2 c]pyridine hydrochloride, a platelet aggregation inhibitor, was tested for mutagenic activity in the Ames Salmonella/mammalian microsome test. Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537 and TA1538 were employed. Two of these strains (TA1535 and TA100) are sensitive to base-pair substitution mutagens, and the remaining 3 are sensitive to frame-shift mutagens. There was no evidence that ticlopidine hydrochloride had any mutagenic activity either in the presence or absence of a liver microsomal supplement. PMID- 3900719 TI - 3-Substituted 2-halopropenals: mutagenicity, detoxification and formation from 3 substituted 2,3-dihalopropanal promutagens. AB - The mutagenicity of halopropenals for Salmonella typhimurium strain TA100 is as follows (revertants/nmole): 2-halopropenals [H2C = C(X)CHO], F = less than 0.6, Cl = 135, Br = 1140 and I = less than 2.4; 3-substituted-2-halopropenals [CH3CH = C(X)CHO], Cl = 68 and Br = 108; [C6H5CH = C(X)CHO], Cl = less than 1 and Br = 5; [ClCH = C(Cl)CHO], 91; [CH3(CH2)2CH = C(Br)CHO], less than 1; [(CH3)2C = C(Br)CHO], less than 0.5. Each of the active compounds is detoxified by the liver S9 fraction. Glutathione also detoxifies the 2-halopropenals and 2-halobutenals, more rapidly for the bromo than the chloro analogs. The mutagenic potency on metabolic activation of the herbicide diallate by microsomes or the S9 fraction is attributable to approximately 50% conversion to 2-chloropropenal when corrected for detoxification in these systems or with GSH. There is no correlation between mutagenicity and reactivity with the model thiol, 4 nitrobenzenethiol. The mutagenicity of 2,3-dichloro- and 2,3-dibromo-propanals and the corresponding dihalobutanals is accounted for by their rapid dehydrohalogenation to the corresponding 2-haloalkenals under physiological conditions. Chemicals that are metabolized to 2,3-dichloropropanal, 2,3 dichlorobutanal, their dibromo analogs, or to the corresponding 2-halopropenals and 2-halobutenals should therefore be considered as candidate promutagens. PMID- 3900718 TI - Mutagenicity of smoked, dried bonito products. AB - Mutagens have been found in smoked, dried bonito products, popular items in Japanese foods. The mutagens were isolated by means of blue cotton, an absorbent cotton preparation with covalently bound trisulfo-copper-phthalocyanine residues, and by means of XAD-2 resin. The mutagenicity was positive in Salmonella typhimurium strain TA98 with metabolic activation. The mutagens are produced during the process of smoking-and-drying bonito (a process called baikan). The activity was much higher than that expected from the content of benzo[a]pyrene. In contrast to benzo[a]pyrene, the mutagens were not inhibited by ellagic acid. The mutagenicity was not abolished by treatment with nitrite. Thin-layer and high performance liquid chromatographic analysis gave two mutagenic fractions, both of which were distinguishable from benzo[a]pyrene and from the pyrolysis products Trp-P-1, Trp-P-2, Glu-P-1, Glu-P-2, A alpha C and MeA alpha C. The major mutagenic component was not chromatographically distinguishable from IQ and MeIQx, and the minor one was very similar to MeIQ. The smoked, dried bonito products contained free fatty acids, which were inhibitory to the mutagenicity of the bonito products. PMID- 3900720 TI - [Effects of the gas phase of cigarette smoke on the induction of the petite colony mitochondrial mutation by ethidium bromide in yeast]. AB - The induction of the mitochondrial 'petite' mutation (rho-) in haploid yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) by ethidium bromide is reduced or even abolished if cells are also treated with the gas phase of cigarette smoke. This is observed not only in the case of simultaneous treatments but also when the two drugs are applied in succession. PMID- 3900721 TI - In vivo cytogenetic studies on mice exposed to ethylene dibromide. AB - The pesticide, ethylene dibromide (EDB), was evaluated with in vivo cytogenetic assays to determine its genotoxicity. CD1 male mice were exposed to EDB through intraperitoneal injections. Bone marrow cells isolated from femora were analyzed for sister-chromatid exchange (SCE), chromosome aberration and micronucleus formation. The results showed that only certain concentrations of EDB tested caused a slight but significant increase in SCEs and chromosome aberrations. However, these increases were not dose-related. No increase in the polychromatic erythrocytes with micronuclei was observed following EDB exposure. Also, EDB did not cause cell-cycle delay in comparison with controls. Thus, it appears that EDB is not an effective genotoxic agent in vivo in mice. PMID- 3900722 TI - Condensed tannins induce micronuclei in cultured V79 Chinese hamster cells. AB - The tannins, delphinidin and procyanidin were isolated from flowers of white clover (Trifolium repens) and the leaves of Arnot Bristly Locust (Robina fertilis) respectively, and tested for mutagenic properties in a range of systems. There was no evidence for either compound causing significant levels of frameshift or base-pair mutagenesis in bacterial mutagenicity assays, although both were weakly positive in a bacterial DNA-repair test. Both compounds very slightly increased the frequency of petite mutagenesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain D5. In V79 Chinese hamster cells, both were efficient inducers of micronuclei. In each of these test systems, increasing the potential of the compound for metabolic activation by addition of 'S9' mix had little effect on toxicity or mutagenicity of either tannin. It would seem that potential chromosome-breaking activity of condensed tannins could represent a carcinogenic hazard for animals grazing on pastures of white clover in flower. It may also have wider implications for human carcinogenesis by some, if not all, condensed tannins. PMID- 3900724 TI - Miniaturized durham tubes for carbohydrate fermentation tests by yeasts. PMID- 3900723 TI - Candida albicans strain differentiation in cancer patients undergoing therapy. PMID- 3900725 TI - The Thucydides syndrome. A new hypothesis for the cause of the plague of Athens. PMID- 3900726 TI - Pet-associated illness. PMID- 3900727 TI - Intramuscular lidocaine for prevention of lethal arrhythmias in the prehospitalization phase of acute myocardial infarction. AB - In a randomized controlled study examining the value of an intramuscular injection of lidocaine in the prehospitalization phase of suspected acute myocardial infarction, paramedics used an automatic injector to administer 400 mg of the drug into the patient's deltoid muscle before transport to the hospital. In a 33-month period, 7026 patients with acute chest pain were seen. Of the 6024 patients randomized (2987 to the lidocaine group and 3037 to the control group), 1935 (32 per cent) proved to have an acute myocardial infarction. In the entire 60-minute period of observation by continuous electrocardiography, primary ventricular fibrillation was observed in 8 treated and 17 control patients (P = 0.08). However, from 15 minutes after randomization onward, when plasma lidocaine levels were in the therapeutic range, only 2 cases of ventricular fibrillation occurred in the treated group, as compared with 12 in the control group (P less than 0.01). Ventricular tachycardia terminated a mean of 10 minutes after injection in six of nine lidocaine-treated patients with acute myocardial infarction but in none of five control patients with infarction (P less than 0.02). Mean plasma lidocaine levels were 3 micrograms per milliliter 11 to 20 minutes after injection in 369 consecutive patients. In 65 patients, levels were below 2 micrograms per milliliter, and in 15 patients, levels were above 6 micrograms per milliliter. Side effects were rare and did not contribute to mortality. We conclude that intramuscular lidocaine may be useful if given by a paramedic, another person, or the patient himself when acute myocardial infarction is suspected outside the hospital. PMID- 3900728 TI - Lidocaine to prevent ventricular fibrillation: easy does it. PMID- 3900729 TI - The Veterans Administration medical care system faces an uncertain future. PMID- 3900730 TI - Systemic candidiasis in mice immunized with Candida albicans ribosomes. AB - In view of our previous findings that vaccination of mice with Candida albicans ribosomes protects them against experimental systemic candidiasis, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of this vaccination on the course of infection in immunized animals. Since the kidney is the major target in systemic candidal infection, we concentrated in this research on studying the histopathology and determining quantitatively the candidal colonization of this organ. The experiments were carried out at various time intervals after intravenous inoculation with live C. albicans. The colonization of kidneys in immunized mice was markedly lower than that in controls. The maximal difference in renal colonization between immunized and non immunized animals was observed when relatively low challenge doses were used. The inhibition of candidal multiplication in immunized mice seemed to be correlated to their increased resistance against lethal challenge, as expressed by a significantly higher survival rate. Histopathological changes and fungal elements were found in kidneys of control mice as early as 20 h post infection, while the kidneys of immunized mice did not seem affected by the disease. Moreover, even 3 days post infection, the kidneys of vaccinated animals still seemed normal. In conclusion, apparently the ribosomal vaccination leads to diminished colonization of the major site of infection in candidiasis, thus affording protection to the immunized animals against these infections. PMID- 3900731 TI - The programs of protein synthesis accompanying the establishment of alternative phenotypes in Candida albicans. AB - Under the regime of pH-regulated dimorphism, stationary phase cells of the dimorphic yeast Candida albicans can be induced to form exclusively and synchronously ellipsoidal buds or elongate mycelia at the same temperature and in the same nutrient medium, the sole determinant of phenotype in this case being pH. Employing pH-regulated dimorphism, cells were pulse-labeled with [35S] methionine during three consecutive intervals encompassing the preevagination period, the period including evagination and phenotypic commitment, and the post evagination period. Labeled polypeptides were analyzed by 2D-PAGE. Of the 374 polypeptides examined, the majority (237) did not differ significantly in relative incorporation between the three pulse periods and were similar between budding and mycelium-forming populations. Sixty polypeptides were labeled at negligible or relatively low levels during the first pulse period, but at significantly higher levels during the second and third or third pulse periods. All but one were similar between budding and mycelium-forming populations. Seventeen polypeptides were synthesized at relatively high levels during the first pulse period, but at reduced or negligible levels during the second and third or third pulse periods. All but one were similar between budding and mycelium-forming populations. Only two polypeptides were found to be associated exclusively with mycelium-forming cultures, two associated exclusively with budding cultures, and two enriched significantly in budding cultures of wild-type cells. Employing a variant, MD20, which forms buds at both low and high pH, it was demonstrated that only one mycelium-associated polypeptide and only one bud associated polypeptide are phenotype rather than pH-specific. Limits to this method of phenotype comparison are outlined, and the unusual similarity rather than dissimilarity in the programs of gene expression between the diverging populations considered in terms of phenotypic regulation. PMID- 3900732 TI - Role of antibodies and effect of BCG vaccination in experimental candidiasis in mice. AB - The role of humoral antibodies and the effect of BCG vaccination were studied in the experimental candidiasis in mice. The antibody suppressed, B-cell deficient animals were prepared by repeated administration of rabbit anti-mouse-mu antiserum to the new born mice from birth onwards. Such immunodeficient animals along with controls were infected intravenously with Candida albicans, to study the course of candidal infection. It was observed that B-cell-deficient animals were found to be more susceptible to candidal infection than the controls, as indicated by their steady loss of body weight, longer mean time to death and higher viable counts of candidal cells in different organs. The anti-candidal antibodies were absent in all B-cell-deficient animals but present in the controls. These results suggest that antibodies make a contribution in protection against candidal infection in mice. The BCG vaccinated animals were prepared by repeated intravenous administration of BCG to mice and these vaccinated animals along with unvaccinated controls were challenged intravenously with C. albicans, to study the course of candidal infection. It was observed that BCG vaccination prolonged meantime to death and reduced the number of candidal cells in their kidneys. PMID- 3900734 TI - [Advances in possibilities for protein evaluation]. AB - With protein evaluation the changing abilities of food proteins are characterized with regard to their covering the requirements of the organism for protein or amino acids, respectively. The biological value of proteins is influenced by several factors. Measuring the reaction of the whole organism (of man or animal) to the food protein the sum of all influencing factors is covered. Hence, these direct evaluation methods have priority. The general dose-reaction curve demonstrates the direct evaluation methods: The evaluation criteria protein efficiency or minimum protein requirement are presented and the different possibilities of interpretion are compared. Most direct evaluation methods are performed with suboptimal protein supply, therefore values for an optimum protein supply can be derived only with reservation. Improved values for protein evaluation can be obtained from investigations of the protein metabolism. With that the substrat-related evaluation can be more orientated to a organism-related one. Indirect biochemical evaluation methods are less important. That does not concern in-vitro evaluation by amino-acid analysis and/or in-vitro digestibility tests. Possibilities and limits of these methods are discussed. PMID- 3900733 TI - Electrochemical detection in HPLC. Part 2. Applications. AB - The range of applications of electrochemical HPLC detectors is outlined and the most important groups of applications are described. Typical examples of determinations are given in tables. PMID- 3900735 TI - Examples of early mortality follow-up studies. AB - Numerous mortality studies may be found in publications of the life insurance industry dating back about a century. Examples presented include mortality in asthma history (1903), overweight (1844-1905), and hypertension (1907-11). The favorable effect of underwriting selection on mortality was recognized early, and standard insurance mortality tables in North America have always distinguished between select and ultimate mortality rates. The mortality ratio has been the traditional measure of excess mortality in insurance follow-up studies. Similar mortality studies in the medical literature before 1920 are extremely difficult for investigators to locate. One important exception with regard to methodology and completeness of comparative mortality and survival results was a 20-year follow-up of pulmonary tuberculosis patients after discharge that was reported in 1908. PMID- 3900736 TI - Avoidance of bias in cohort studies. AB - Cohort studies have particular advantages in confirming results of retrospective or case-control studies in those situations in which case-control studies are no longer feasible. In circumstances, the cohort study may involve randomization, thus reducing selection bias, but ordinarily there will have been self-selection by individuals as to the group in which they will fall. Investigators should analyze data from a cohort study so as to take the passage of time into account. Variables anticipated to have effects should be accounted for by stratification, if feasible, or by mathematical modeling, if necessary. Results should be interpreted with care, and qualifications should be made on any interpretations, including qualifications relating to the propriety of the mathematical model used. When long latencies are a factor, and particularly when exposure is initiated late in life, establishment of a positive role for the exposure can be difficult. Case-control and other epidemiologic studies are biased toward identification of exposures leading to outcomes of a unique nature but fail to identify more serious exposures with adverse outcomes which are more commonplace. PMID- 3900737 TI - Early studies of tuberculosis. AB - Cohort studies have been of great importance in the establishment of what is known about the epidemiology of tuberculosis. The individuals who conducted these studies provided useful models for the application of life table, person-time, and cohort analyses to the study of diseases. These tuberculosis workers not only have shown that follow-up of large cohorts can be virtually complete, but, even more importantly for future cohort studies, they have also shown how cohort investigations can be done at minimal expense. PMID- 3900738 TI - Actuarial contributions to life table analysis. AB - The correct principles for the construction of life tables and more particularly select life tables were developed by actuaries in England in the first half of the 19th century. Actuaries explored the phenomenon of selection not only between the insured and annuitants but also in the general population, distinguishing among initial temporary selection, antiselection, and class selection. The conclusion was reached early that no such thing as an unselected population exists. Group life insurance experience among the actively employed has been shown to provide a more appropriate standard of expected mortality than general population death rates in studies of medical impairments and occupational hazards at ages under 65 years. Mortality rates derived from the Cancer Prevention Study can serve as a useful standard of expected mortality when the objective is determination of excess mortality compared with ostensibly healthy persons at ages 65 years and older. PMID- 3900739 TI - A history of theatre swabs and packs. PMID- 3900740 TI - Co-localization of corticotropin-releasing factor and vasopressin in median eminence neurosecretory vesicles. AB - Vasopressin (VP) potentiates the effect of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) on the secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) from anterior pituitary cells in vitro, and both CRF and VP have been found in portal blood. These data support the hypothesis that VP acts synergistically with CRF to cause the secretion of ACTH in vivo but the origin of the CRF and VP, and the physiology of their release, have not been precisely defined. Parvocellular cell bodies in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) which project to the external zone of the median eminence can be stained for both CRF and VP after adrenalectomy, and there is light microscopic immunocytochemical evidence that neurophysin (NP) may be located within some of the CRF-containing axons. Electron microscopic immunocytochemical studies have demonstrated the presence of CRF, VP and its 'carrier' protein, VP-associated neurophysin (NP-VP) in 100-nm neurosecretory vesicles (NSVs) in axons terminating near the portal capillary plexus in the external zone of the median eminence. If these peptides are extensively co localized in the same NSVs in the median eminence, then coordinate secretion of CRF and VP in vivo is obligatory, at least in some physiological circumstances. We demonstrate in this report, using post-embedding electron microscopic immunocytochemistry on serial ultrathin sections, that CRF, VP and NP-VP are contained not only in the same axons and terminals, but in the same 100-nm NSVs in the median eminence of both normal and adrenalectomized rats. In addition, in the normal rat median eminence 44% of the CRF-positive axons and terminals stained strongly for VP and NP-VP, whereas in the adrenalectomized rat virtually all the CRF-positive structures in the median eminence showed strong staining for VP and NP-VP, indicating a transformation of one subpopulation of CRF-positive axons and terminals by adrenalectomy. PMID- 3900741 TI - Rodney Robert Porter (1917-1985). PMID- 3900743 TI - [The role of the family physician and radiologist in the treatment of urinary tract calculi]. PMID- 3900742 TI - c-myc gene is transcribed at high rate in G0-arrested fibroblasts and is post transcriptionally regulated in response to growth factors. AB - There is increasing evidence that at least some of the cellular homologues to retroviral oncogenes (c-onc or proto-oncogenes) are directly linked to the control of cell growth (for a review see ref. 1). Among these, c-myc, the cellular homologue to the avian myelocytomatosis virus (MC29) oncogene, has been shown to express high levels of mRNA during early G0/G1 phase after mitogenic stimulation of T lymphocytes by concanavalin A or of fibroblasts by platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) or serum. An attractive model proposed for this regulation is that the c-myc gene is strongly repressed in cells arrested in the G0 phase of the cell cycle by a growth factor-sensitive repressor. We have investigated an alternative model of post-transcriptional regulation. This latter model leads to two testable predictions. First, that c-myc mRNA should be unusually unstable, which we have confirmed. And second, that there would be a high level of constitutive expression, a situation opposite to that implied by the repressor model. Here we report that c-myc gene is indeed transcribed at a high rate in G0-arrested chinese hamster lung fibroblasts, although the level of mature c-myc mRNA is barely detectable. The early and dramatic increase in c-myc mRNA levels when these resting cells are stimulated by growth factors is not accompanied by any appreciable change in the transcription rate of c-myc gene. Taken together these findings support a model of post-transcriptional regulation of c-myc expression at the level of mRNA degradation. PMID- 3900744 TI - [The value of echography in breast examinations]. PMID- 3900745 TI - [Maimonides (1135-1204) as a physician]. PMID- 3900746 TI - [The lost IUD: don't look too far for it]. PMID- 3900747 TI - [Replacement of bone tissue]. PMID- 3900748 TI - [The Hippocratic oath and its "substituted offspring", our professional oath]. PMID- 3900749 TI - [40 years after the days of the Indonesian concentration camp. The tropical years]. PMID- 3900750 TI - [Experiences from the concentration camps of Java and Japan]. PMID- 3900751 TI - [Background of the people from the former East Indies]. PMID- 3900752 TI - [Malnutrition in Europeans in the war in the Pacific, 1942-1945]. PMID- 3900753 TI - [Diseases and their treatment in concentration camps along the River Kwai]. PMID- 3900754 TI - ["Camp eyes", a recollection]. PMID- 3900755 TI - [Experiences from the concentration camps of Thailand]. PMID- 3900756 TI - [Cholera in Thailand; was it preventable?]. PMID- 3900757 TI - [Children in concentration camps. Child care in the camps]. PMID- 3900759 TI - [A dysentery hospital in a Japanese concentration camp for women]. PMID- 3900758 TI - [Experiences of a pediatrician in women's camps on Java during the second World War]. PMID- 3900760 TI - [Children in Japanese concentration camps, the Bersiap and after]. PMID- 3900761 TI - [Hospital care. Morbidity and mortality in the internal medicine department of the concentration camp hospital in Tjimahi]. PMID- 3900762 TI - [The Petronella hospital during the Japanese occupation]. PMID- 3900763 TI - [The hospital in a time of revolution]. PMID- 3900764 TI - [Concentration camps on Sumatra. Camp KM 36]. PMID- 3900765 TI - [The experiences of Dutch physicians on Sumatra]. PMID- 3900766 TI - [The history of Lawe-Sigalagala, a concentration camp in Atjeh]. PMID- 3900767 TI - [Therapy of peptic ulcer in Dutch literature (1868-1947)]. PMID- 3900768 TI - [A patient with insulin allergy]. PMID- 3900769 TI - [COBIDOC (Commission for Bibliography and Documentation) and online literature searches]. PMID- 3900770 TI - Tackling today's technology. PMID- 3900772 TI - Mouse testis weight loss and survival of differentiated spermatogonia following irradiation with 250 kV X-rays and 5.5 MeV fast neutrons. AB - Twenty eight after whole body irradiation of male BALB/c mice with 0.1-4.0 Gy of 250 kV X-rays or with 0.05-1.0 Gy of 5.5 MeV fast neutrons a decrease in testis weight and number of spermatozoa were observed. After plotting the testis weight loss against the radiation dose a mono-component curve characterized by D0 equal to 6.2 Gy and 1.31 Gy for X-rays and neutrons, respectively, was obtained. Relative biological effectiveness (RBE) was 4.25. Similar relation between the number of spermatozoa and the dose had a form of a two component curves. The sensitive components of the testis were characterized by the A-type curves with D0 equal to 0.49 Gy and 0.10 Gy for X-rays and neutrons, respectively. The resistant components were characterized by the B-type curves with D0 equal to 5.07 and 0.97 Gy for X-rays and neutrons, respectively. The RBE was 4.57. The obtained RBE values allowed to modify the total neutron dose and its fractionation in the therapy of malignant tumors at the Institute of Oncology, Krakow. PMID- 3900771 TI - New cytotoxic and antitumor agents. VII. Derivatives of 1-benzylidenisoindolin-3 one and 5,6-dihydro-8H-isoquinolo(2,3-a)phthalasin-5-one. AB - The in vitro cytotoxic effects on P388 leukemia cells of 19 derivatives and analogs of 1-benzylidenisoindolin-3-one, 5,6-dihydro-8H-isoquinolo(2,3 a)phthalasin-5-one and 4-benzyl-1,2-dihydrophthalasin-5-one were studied. The derivatives of the first group which preferentially inhibited uridine utilization were more effective. The cytotoxic effects of these substances depended on the quality of substituents, on the presence of a nitrogen atom in the 5-membered heterocycle of the molecule as well as on the spatial arrangement of the molecule. (Z)-narceine imide-N-oxide II and (Z)-3-(6-ethyl-2-methoxy-3,4 methylenedioxy) benzyliden-6,7-dimethoxy-isoindolin-3-one III were the most active agents, both of them causing a decrease in the proliferation rate of P388 cells. After its addition to the culture medium, compound III caused irreversible damages leading to death of the cells. The removal of the inhibitor did not lead to the repair of the damages either. Of the other two groups of substances, 5 hydroxy-3,4,12-trimethoxy-8-methyl-10,11-methylenedioxy-8H-isoquino lo (2,3 a)phthalasin (XVIII) had a marked inhibitory effect which, at concentrations of up to 25 micrograms ml-1, inhibited the proliferation rate of P388 cells. PMID- 3900773 TI - [The role of the 1st and 2d Dutch Dental Congress in the foundation of the Dutch Society for the Advancement of Dentistry. I]. PMID- 3900774 TI - [Orthodontics in the 18th century]. PMID- 3900775 TI - [The role of the 1st and 2d Dutch Dental Congress in the foundation of the Dutch Society for the Advancement of Dentistry. II]. PMID- 3900776 TI - Strongyloides stercoralis hyperinfection as a consequence of immunosuppressive treatment. PMID- 3900777 TI - Calcium supplement therapy of hypertension--has the time come? PMID- 3900778 TI - Recovery of renal function in patients with accelerated malignant nephrosclerosis on maintenance dialysis with management of blood pressure by captopril. AB - Recovery of renal function to a self-sustaining level was observed in 4 patients with accelerated malignant hypertension who required chronic hemodialysis therapy. Excellent blood pressure control was achieved in all the patients on captopril therapy. Hemodialysis could be discontinued after 2-9 months of captopril therapy; on recovery of renal function levels of creatinine clearance became stable ranging from 28 to 56 ml/min within 5-15 months of captopril treatment, and remained at this level during 21-64 months of observation. The management of hypertension and the inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system afforded by chronic angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition is very promising as a means of reversing the process of malignant nephrosclerosis. PMID- 3900779 TI - Effect of rifampicin on cyclosporin A blood levels in a renal transplant recipient. PMID- 3900780 TI - [Use of monoclonal antibodies in neurology]. PMID- 3900781 TI - [Radiation-induced myelopathy]. PMID- 3900782 TI - [Arterial vascularization of the intumescentia lumbalis and conus medullaris]. PMID- 3900783 TI - [Surgery of carotid-ophthalmic aneurysm]. PMID- 3900784 TI - [Hypothalamic hamartoma with precocious puberty--a case report]. AB - A case of hypothalamic hamartoma with precocious puberty is presented and the literature of reported cases is reviewed. An 8-year-old boy was admitted to our hospital because of precocious puberty and mental retardation. His genital development was Tanner's stage 4 and pubic hair was Tanner's stage 3. Bone age was 11 years. Plain CT showed an isodense mass in the suprasellar cistern which was not enhanced following contrast administration. Metrizamide CT cisternography showed a filling defect in the suprasellar cistern. Endocrinological evaluation revealed high levels of serum luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone with a marked response of LH to LH-RH injection. A left frontotemporal craniotomy was performed and the tumor was partially removed. The tumor was gray, firm and well circumscribed with poor vascularity. Postoperatively, a right oculomotor palsy and transient diabetes insipidus developed. He was discharged ambulatory one month later. Serum LH and testosterone returned to normal and the response of LH to LH-RH injection became normal. Hamartoma was diagnosed on histological examination. Electron micrographic study showed numerous dense granules with approximately 0.1 mu in diameter, in which Judge proved LH-RH by immunofluorescent study in 1977. Our case supports the hypothesis that hypothalamic hamartoma may cause precocious puberty by autonomous secretion of LH RH and we consider that neurosurgical treatment is recommended. PMID- 3900785 TI - [Stereotactic selective thalamotomy for tremor]. PMID- 3900786 TI - [CT-guided stereotaxic evacuation of cerebellar hematoma--lateral approach]. AB - Stereotaxic lateral approach for cerebellar hematoma is presented using Leksell's CT-stereotaxic system. All of the procedures are performed in the CT room. Patient's head is turned to contralateral side of the hematoma 30 to 40 degrees with slight flexion of the neck. Stereotaxic apparatus is secured to the head under local anesthesia. Hematoma is confirmed by computerized tomograms. Three dimensional coordinates of the target point (center of the hematoma) are measured from the vertical and diagonal rods of Leksell's system. Linear skin incision 4 cm in length is made on retromastoid area. Burr-hole is put on just lateral position of the target point, usually 5 to 6 cm posterior and 1 cm above from the external auditory meatus. Transverse or sigmoid sinus does not appeared through the burr-hole by this approach. Specially made Dandy's cannula (3.0 mm in diameter, 220 mm in length) is inserted into the target point, and manual evacuation of the hematoma is performed carefully using a syringe. Then Dandy's cannula is replaced by silastic drainage tube (3.5 mm in diameter), and 6,000 Units of Urokinase solved in 2 ml of saline is administered to the hematoma cavity. Dissolved hematoma is aspirated every 24 hours until the most of the hematoma is evacuated. We operated three cases of cerebellar hematoma by this method with favorable results. Advantages of this method are as follows: Operative invasion is minimal; The surgeon can check the residual hematoma and position of the tip of cannula even at operation, if necessary. PMID- 3900787 TI - Castration of male rats reduces the capacity of granules isolated from the median eminence to secrete luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone in response to copper. AB - The effect of castration of male rats on the secretory function of median eminence area (MEA) granules containing luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) was examined, using copper as a test substance. LHRH granules, isolated from MEA of sham or castrated rats 1, 2, or 12 weeks postoperatively, were incubated with various concentrations of copper complexed to histidine (CuHis) and the kinetic constants of LHRH release estimated. CuHis-stimulated release of LHRH was found to be a saturable function of the concentration of CuHis. Castration did not alter the apparent Km for CuHis-stimulated release of LHRH; the Km being 3 and 16.9 microM copper for granules obtained from 1-2 weeks and 12 weeks sham-operated rats, respectively, and 3.7-5.6 and 10.2 microM copper for the granules of castrated rats, respectively. Moreover, castration did not alter the fractional amount of LHRH released in response to CuHis. In contrast, castration markedly reduced the actual amount of LHRH released in response to CuHis; the Vmax being 1,933 and 2,942 pg LHRH released/6 min/MEA for 1-2 weeks and 12 weeks sham-operated rats, respectively, and 782 and 757 pg for the castrated rats, respectively. Similarly, the LHRH content of the MEA of castrated rats was lower than that of the shams. These results are suggestive that castration reduces the capacity of the MEA granules to release LHRH in response to a secretion stimulus such as copper and that this is due not to alterations in the biochemical parameters underlying the release process itself but to a reduced level of MEA LHRH available for release. PMID- 3900788 TI - Hormonal modulation of the responsiveness of midbrain central gray neurons to LH RH. AB - The spontaneous firing rate of midbrain central gray (MCG) neurons and the effect of iontophoretically applied prolactin and luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LH-RH) on the electrical activity of these neurons was studied in untreated and estrogen-progesterone-treated ovariectomized female rats. The spontaneous firing rate of MCG neurons as well as the neuronal membrane responsiveness to iontophoretically applied prolactin was unaffected by the presence or absence of ovarian hormones. In both treated and untreated rats, the majority of neurons were not responsive to prolactin. On the other hand, the responsiveness of MCG neurons to iontophoretically applied LH-RH was influenced by hormonal treatment. A significantly larger number of MCG neurons were inhibited by LH-RH in hormone treated animals than in untreated rats. The present work provides evidence at the electrophysiological level that ovarian hormones do not affect the firing rate of MCG neurons but do modulate the responsiveness of MCG neurons to LH-RH. PMID- 3900789 TI - Dopamine receptors on dispersed bovine anterior pituitary cells. AB - The dopamine antagonist [3H]-domperidone-[3H]-DOM-bound to a single class of high affinity (Kd = 1.24 +/- 0.14 nM) and saturable receptors on dispersed bovine anterior pituitary (AP) cells. The binding of [3H]-DOM was stereoselective and reversible with agonists and antagonists. Dopamine competitions for [3H]-DOM binding modeled best for a single site consistent with an interaction with a homogeneous population of receptors. The mean number of specific binding sites labeled by [3H]-DOM was 53,000 per cell in dispersed AP cells consisting of 42% lactotrophs. Dispersed bovine AP cells attached to extracellular matrix within 3 h, and prolactin secretion from these cells was effectively inhibited by dopamine. Several observations suggested that [3H]-DOM-labeled receptors on dispersed bovine AP cells were restricted to the outer plasma membrane and not internalized. These included (1) the rapid and complete dissociation of specific [3H]-DOM binding; (2) the ability of treatment with acid or proteolytic enzymes to entirely remove specifically bound [3H]-DOM, and (3) the lack of effect of metabolic inhibitors on specific [3H]-DOM binding. PMID- 3900790 TI - Further studies on the effects of testosterone on hypothalamic LH-RH and serum LH levels: castration-induced delayed response. AB - We have previously reported that luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LH-RH) levels in the medial basal hypothalamus (MBH) of adult male rats castrated for 2 weeks can be raised by testosterone (T) or estradiol (E2) treatment for 3-4 days. The present study was undertaken to determine the time after castration when the hypothalamus becomes refractory to this feedback action and whether prolongation of exposure to steroids would reinstate the hypothalamic LH-RH response. Treatment with T (Silastic capsules, s.c.) for 4 days, when commenced either immediately or 14 days after castration, significantly raised the MBH LH-RH levels. A 4-day regimen of E2 or dihydrotestosterone, on the other hand, evoked similar increase when commenced up to 21-28 days after castration. Further delay in institution of the 4-day treatment rendered the three steroids completely ineffective. When the effects of prolongation of treatment were tested in long term castrated rats (56 days), it was found that T required 14 days as compared to 7 days of exposure with E2 or dihydrotestosterone to produce an equivalent MBH LH-RH response. Furthermore, the MBH LH-RH and serum LH responses were not always correlated, since increments in the MBH LH-RH were observed when serum LH levels were suppressed by physiological levels of T or dihydrotestosterone and also when they were unchanged with low levels of T or E2. These studies show that long-term castration causes a dichotomy in responsiveness of the hypothalamo-pituitary axis to steroids.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3900791 TI - Similarity of pituitary and pineal human oxytocin neurophysins indicated by peptide mapping after radioactive alkylation and proteolysis. AB - We have compared the immunoreactive oxytocin neurophysin from the human pineal gland with human neurohypophyseal neurophysin. The two proteins were reduced and carboxymethylated with [14C]-iodoacetic acid. Since the pineal protein was available only in a very small amount, we were obliged to use [12C]-carboxymethyl apomyoglobin as a nonalkylatable carrier. The trypsin and subtilisin digests of the two labelled proteins were compared by high-voltage electrophoresis on paper, partition paper chromatography, and high-performance liquid chromatography. The distribution of radioactivity in the above peptide separations suggests a great similarity between the two proteins and few significant differences. As far as we are aware, this study is the first attempt to analyze an extrahypophyseal neurophysin at the molecular level. PMID- 3900792 TI - Ovarian steroid regulation of pulsatile luteinizing hormone release during the interval between the mornings of diestrus 2 and proestrus in the rat. AB - The object of this study was to determine the influence of ovarian steroids on pulsatile LH release in the interval between the mornings of diestrus 2 (D2) and proestrus in the rat. Four groups of rats were bled continuously for 3 h between 09.30-12.30 h at a rate of 75 microliters whole blood/6 min: bled on D2; sham ovariectomy (OVX) on D2 and bled on proestrus; OVX on D2, implanted with empty or oil-filled capsules, and bled 24 h later; and OVX on D2, implanted with estradiol (E2) capsules, and bled 24 h later. Between D2 and proestrus, plasma E2 levels increased from 13 +/- 1 to 42 +/- 9 pg/ml, and progesterone levels decreased from 27 +/- 3 to 13 +/- 2 ng/ml, the latter reflecting the decline of the corpus luteum early on D2. Between D2 and proestrus there was no change in mean blood LH levels, LH pulse amplitude, or pulse frequency. However OVX on D2 increased mean blood LH levels 2.5-fold over values on proestrus due to a 3.5-fold elevation in LH pulse amplitude and an 80% increase in pulse frequency. E2 levels fell in these rats to 8 +/- 1 pg/ml. Restoration of physiological proestrous levels of E2 (46 +/- 5 pg/ml) significantly reduced the increase in mean blood LH levels by lowering pulse frequency to proestrous values, and by causing a 50% reduction in pulse amplitude. However, LH pulse amplitude and therefore mean blood LH levels were still higher than values on proestrus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3900793 TI - Methodology and clinical experience with computed tomography and a computer resident stereotactic atlas. AB - We have developed a computer-resident stereotactic atlas of the human brain that quantitatively defines subcortical structures within anatomical landmarks detected on obliquely reconstructed computed tomography (CT) slices. Horizontal stereotactic atlas sections can be stretched and contracted by polar transformation and labeled by a computer to fit within these CT scan-defined landmarks. The stereotactic coordinates of any substructure on the atlas-labeled CT slice may then be calculated by the computer and expressed in mechanical adjustments on a stereotactic surgical frame located in the operating room. We demonstrate the use of this method in the stereotactic treatment of movement disorders as an augmentation to conventional ventriculography and microelectrode recording. PMID- 3900794 TI - Identification of gonadotropin-releasing hormone in neurons of a hypothalamic hamartoma in a boy with precocious puberty. AB - We have studied a 3 1/12-year-old boy who presented with a hypothalamic mass and precocious puberty. His history suggested a course of isosexual precocity progressing from birth. Gelastic seizures also began at an early age. Endocrine evaluation revealed normal thyroid-stimulating hormone and growth hormone secretion, elevated basal and stimulated prolactin concentrations, and luteinizing hormone responses to sequential intravenous injections of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) that were pubertal in pattern and magnitude. A needle biopsy of the mass recovered tissue that contained neurons histologically similar to those found in the normal hypothalamus, and the mass was characterized as a hypothalamic hamartoma. Immunohistochemical staining of this tissue with anti-GnRH antiserum demonstrated positive staining for GnRH immunoreactivity in neurons. This suggests a neurosecretory pathogenesis for the precocious puberty found in patients with hamartomas in the hypothalamic region. PMID- 3900795 TI - Francois Quesnay and the birth of brain surgery. AB - The life and contributions to neurosurgery of Francois Quesnay, a French surgeon who was active during the mid-18th century, are presented. Quesnay, still famous as economist and as the founder of one of the earliest systems of economics, is largely forgotten as a surgeon, although he was the first to advocate cortical incision and exploration of the brain for abscesses and tumors. PMID- 3900796 TI - The effect of milenperone on the aggressive behavior of oligophrenic patients. A double-blind placebo-controlled study. AB - The antiaggressive action and the side effects of a new neuroleptic, milenperone, were evaluated in 21 oligophrenic patients by means of a double-blind randomized pilot study in comparison with placebo. Only 3 patients appeared to be psychotic, 2 from the milenperone group and 1 from the placebo group. In this study, milenperone was added to the existing psychotropic medication as an adjuvant. The test substance was administered in a dose of 2 X 10 mg daily for 6 weeks. The results were evaluated by means of the Paranoid Belligerence Scale and the improvement of the target symptoms were visualized on the Visual Analogue Line. Although, in the last 3 weeks of the study, the aggressiveness scores had decreased more in the milenperone group than in the placebo group, the difference between both studied groups was not significant. This lack of clear result may probably be ascribed to the high standard deviations, together with the small number of patients per group. The severity and frequency of the side effects remained almost unchanged during the investigation and were independent of the substance administered: milenperone or placebo. PMID- 3900797 TI - Periodic sleep deprivation in drug-refractory depression. AB - For some time it has been known that total and partial sleep deprivation (in the second half of the night) produces an immediate antidepressive effect and a short term effect of approximately 1-week duration. A 25-day trial is discussed here. 18 endogenous depressives who proved to be refractory to tricyclic antidepressive therapy were treated with periodic sleep deprivation (5 sleep deprivation treatments in the second half of the night at 5-day intervals) under continued drug therapy. The combined treatment led to a better result than would have been expected from drug therapy alone. Some of the sleep deprivation treatments effected an accelerated remission without the efficacy of treatment subsiding. In individual cases recovery occurred after one or a few partial sleep deprivation sessions. Whether in other respects sleep deprivation shortens the course of depressive phases is still unproven. PMID- 3900799 TI - Periventricular leukomalacia: a correlation study between real-time ultrasound and autopsy findings. Periventricular leukomalacia in the neonate. AB - The aim of this study was to validate the accuracy of real-time ultrasound (US) in the diagnosis of periventricular leukomalacia (PVL). US changes of PVL were correlated with autopsy results. During a 12-month period, all premature infants of 34 weeks' gestation or less (group A) and all neonates of more than 34 weeks' gestation who presented with abnormal neurological signs (group B) were studied with an ATL mechanical sector scanner (5 and 7.5 MHz). The overall incidence of PVL was 13.3%. In group A (n = 83), 13 infants had PVL and 3 died. In group B (n = 36), three developed PVL and two died. Autopsy was performed in the five infants. US revealed the sequence of lesion: - the early stage with increased echogenicity in the periventricular white matter, - the late stage with area of reduced echogenicity appearing in the most echogenic zone and resulting in cystic cavitation. Autopsy confirmed PVL lesions in all five infants. The increased echogenicity corresponded to necrosis with either vascular congestion and/or secondary bleeding, the reduced echogenicity to cystic degeneration with gliosis. US scan be used for the detection of PVL. PMID- 3900801 TI - Uncommon intraspinal space occupying lesion (foreign-body granuloma) in the lumbosacral region. AB - An intraspinal extradural foreign-body granuloma following surgical removal of herniated intervertebral disc is demonstrated by myelography, spinal computed tomography and transabdominal spinal sonography. The radiologic findings and differential diagnoses are discussed. PMID- 3900800 TI - Iotrol, a new water-soluble non-ionic dimeric contrast medium for intrathecal use. AB - The side effects associated with the use of Iotrol were determined in 100 patients and compared with metrizamide and iopamidol in two double-blind studies. The relevance of the distribution of the contrast medium in the CSF space to the occurrence of headache is discussed. The low persistence of iotrol in the brain parenchyma is demonstrated on CT density profiles, compared with metrizamide and iopamidol. Iotrol seems to be the safest contrast substance for intrathecal use. PMID- 3900802 TI - Computed tomography during Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. AB - A case of extremely advanced Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease of the cortico-striato cerebellar type is described. The different stages of the disease are documented by computer-tomography. PMID- 3900798 TI - The histotoxicity of cyanoacrylates. A selective review. AB - Cyanoacrylates, a group of rapidly polymerizing adhesives, have found widespread uses in oral and general surgery as well as surgical subspecialties, for example as hemostatic and anastomotic agents. They have been utilized most recently as materials for embolotherapy of complex cerebral and extra-cerebral vascular anomalies. The histopathology that results from their deposition in human tissues is thus an important consideration, and the subject of this review. Particular attention is given to the fate of cyanoacrylates in cerebral lesions after iatrogenic embolization procedures. The apparent toxicity of these plastics on blood vessel walls is discussed in relation to experimental observations. It is imperative that clinicians who use this group of substances evaluate their potential functions in the light of the pathologic findings. PMID- 3900803 TI - Vasopressin neuron survival in neonatal Brattleboro rats; critical factors in graft development and innervation of the host brain. AB - Previously it was found that grafts of supraoptic plus paraventricular areas from 19-day-old foetal normal rats survived in the third ventricle of the brain of 4- to 6-day-old, vasopressin-deficient Brattleboro pups, but could not alleviate their polyuria. In the present series, factors important in graft development were analysed. Again using day-19 fetuses as donors, anterohypothalamus grafts as well as grafts placed near a crushed median eminence survived relatively poorly, but showed the presence of vasopressin neurons immunocytochemically one month post-grafting. Homotopic grafting in the supraoptic nucleus, however, even failed to show surviving vasopressin neurons. Graft survival was improved by the use of donor tissue of fetuses younger than day 19. Parvocellular vasopressin cells were frequently seen, organized into clusters resembling the normal suprachiasmatic nucleus. However, magnocellular neurons, as normally seen in supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei, only survived grafting when taken between days 11 and 15 of fetal age. It was concluded that only immature vasopressin neurons survived grafting under the condition employed. Magnocellular neurons had a limited fiber outgrowth into the host brain and median eminence. Most large neurons only stained with non-specific neurophysin antiserum, not with specific vasopressin associated neurophysin antiserum. Thin fibers of the parvocellular vasopressin neurons provided only occasional and sparse innervation of the host median eminence and lateral septum (one case), but several examples of massive fiber bundles running dorsally from graft into host brain were observed. These fibers terminated in the thalamic periventricular area, a nucleus that is normally innervated by the vasopressin neurons of the suprachiasmatic nucleus. The failure of the grafts to provide adequate vasopressinergic innervation of the host median eminence probably explains why none of the nearly 200 Brattleboro neonates operated upon showed any sign of relief of their diabetes insipidus. It suggests, however, that the present procedures might be useful in restoring central vasopressinergic functions in the developing Brattleboro rat. PMID- 3900804 TI - Pancreatic polypeptide immunoreactivity in rat brain is actually neuropeptide Y. AB - Radioimmunoassay was combined with high pressure liquid chromatography and immunohistochemistry to establish the identity of pancreatic polypeptide-like immunoreactive material in the central nervous system of the rat. Antisera to avian pancreatic polypeptide, bovine pancreatic polypeptide, the invariant amidated carboxyterminal hexapeptide fragment of mammalian pancreatic polypeptides and the structurally related peptide, neuropeptide Y, were used immunocytochemically to localize neurons containing immunoreactive pancreatic polypeptide-like material in rat brain. Adjacent brain sections stained by the indirect immunofluorescent technique and single sections from double-staining experiments demonstrated that identical fibers and perikarya stained for pancreatic polypeptide-like immunoreactive material by antisera directed against each of the four peptides. Characterization of pancreatic polypeptide-like immunoreactive material in chromatographed rat brain extracts by radioimmunoassay using antisera to either neuropeptide Y or the carboxy-terminal portion of the pancreatic polypeptide molecule revealed that the major peak of immunoreactive material, as measured by either assay, appeared to co-elute with synthetic porcine neuropeptide Y. A minor peak of immunoreactive material co-eluting with peptide YY standard was indicated by the neuropeptide Y radioimmunoassay. This was contrasted by data obtained from chromatographic profiles of rat pancreas, which showed that the main immunoreactive peak, as measured by the neuropeptide Y assay, co-eluted with porcine peptide YY, with a minor peak co-eluting with porcine neuropeptide Y. The main peak of immunoreactive material in pancreas, as measured by the pancreatic polypeptide carboxy-terminal radioimmunoassay, eluted considerably earlier than standard peptide YY, neuropeptide Y and bovine pancreatic polypeptide, and is probably identical to rat pancreatic polypeptide.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3900805 TI - The anatomy of neuropeptide-Y-containing neurons in rat brain. AB - The distribution of neuropeptide Y in the central nervous system of adult male rats was investigated using indirect immunofluorescence, the peroxidase antiperoxidase technique and by radioimmunoassay of microdissected brain regions. The different methods were in good agreement and showed that neuropeptide Y had a widespread distribution and was present in extremely high concentrations. The highest concentrations of neuropeptide Y were found in the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus and hypothalamic arcuate nucleus, which also contained the highest density of immunoreactive fibers and numbers of perikarya, respectively. The suprachiasmatic nucleus, median eminence, dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus and paraventricular thalamic nucleus showed high concentrations as well as high densities of fibers. Moderate concentrations were found in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, although a high density of fibers was found. Areas with moderate concentrations and densities of fibers were the medial preoptic area, anterior hypothalamic area, periventricular nucleus, posterior hypothalamus and the medial amygdaloid nucleus. The nucleus of the solitary tract contained a low concentration of neuropeptide Y although a high number of immunoreactive perikarya was found in colchicine-treated rats. Low concentrations were also measured in the cerebral cortex, yet relatively high numbers of cell bodies and fibers were found dispersed through the cortex. The extremely high concentrations and widespread distribution of neuropeptide Y in the central nervous system suggests a number of important physiological roles for this neurotransmitter candidate. PMID- 3900806 TI - The function of dendritic spines: a theoretical study. AB - A modeling procedure is proposed which introduces the cable equivalent of dendritic spines into the Rall model of spiny interneurons in the spinal cord. At this point combined morphological and physiological works have given some insight into the possible role of a single spine and the function of a single spine has been studied by theoretical computations [Jack, Noble and Tsien (1975) Electric Current Flow in Excitable Cells, pp. 218-223. Oxford University Press, Oxford; Koch and Poggio (1983) Trends Neurosci. 6, 80-83; Perkel (1983) J. Physiol., Paris 78, 695-699]. The goal of the present paper is two-fold: (a) to stress the gross function of the spine system in the excitability of dendrites; and (b) to emphasize the role of spines in the dynamic input/output function of neurons. The simulation procedure is based on the well-known compartmental method. (1) The kinetics of active somatic and dendritic compartments are taken from a currently available spinal interneuron model to match the physiological data of large dorsal horn neurons carrying spines. (2) Beside the prolongation of the somatic excitatory postsynaptic potential, the model suggests that the spiny neuron increases the differences in the latency and height of excitatory postsynaptic potential as a function of the electrotonic position of input. The characteristics of the excitatory postsynaptic potential can be modified by the changes in spine geometry and the ratio of cytoplasmic resistances of spine stalk to that of main dendritic shaft. (3) Dendritic electroresponsiveness, which was already postulated for dorsal horn neurons, is analysed by the model including calcium and slow potassium systems. It is concluded that the participation of the spine stalk in active processes can highly modify the input dependence of response pattern. Depolarization-dependent Ca2+ accumulation in spines may reflect the interaction of spine stalks. (4) Passive antidromic spread of action potential can be suppressed in spiny cells. Analysis of active antidromic spread shows the probable importance of spines located near the soma. Centripetal vs centrifugal conduction of dendritic action potential may depend on the spine distribution along the tree and change in electrical parameters of spines. PMID- 3900807 TI - Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide afferents to the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis in the rat: an immunohistochemical and biochemical study. AB - Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) has a markedly heterogeneous distribution in the rat bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. The dorsal bed nucleus contains the highest concentration of VIP in the rat brain, with the exception of the suprachiasmatic nucleus, 4-fold higher than the VIP concentration in the frontal cortex. These biochemical findings agree well with the immunohistochemical analysis of this area. The bed nucleus is also a heterogeneous nucleus with respect to the afferent VIP pathways which innervate it. A combination of immunohistochemical and biochemical techniques was used to examine VIP innervation of the bed nucleus after knife cuts designed to interrupt ascending brainstem, stria terminalis and ventral amygdalofugal inputs to the bed nucleus. The results obtained suggest that (1) ascending pathways arising in the mesencephalon at the level of the dorsal raphe nucleus send VIP fibers to the dorsal but not the ventral bed nucleus, (2) afferent VIP fibers which travel to the bed nucleus via the stria terminalis contribute a diffuse VIP innervation to both the dorsal and ventral bed nucleus and (3) a newly described ventral amygdalofugal VIP pathway to the bed nucleus contributes a major input to the dorsal, but not to the ventral bed nucleus. These three pathways probably account for the entire extrinsic VIP input to the bed nucleus. The finding that the bed nucleus is heterogeneous both with respect to VIP content and afferent VIP inputs serves to clarify previous, apparently discrepant, reports that both the stria terminalis and ascending pathways constitute the major VIP input to the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. PMID- 3900808 TI - Blood-brain exchange in the cat amygdaloid body. Morphometric studies. PMID- 3900809 TI - Shoulder function following early mobilization of the shoulder after mastectomy and axillary dissection. AB - A prospective clinical trial was conducted to determine the effect of axillary node dissection for breast carcinoma on shoulder function and seroma production. 59 Operations were carried out in 57 patients. The patients were divided into two groups. In group A, shoulder exercises were started, under the guidance of a physiotherapist, immediately following surgery, and in group B the exercises were begun on the seventh postoperative day. A full range of motion within six months was achieved in 25 patients of group A (81%) and in 22 of group B (79%). There was no significant difference in wound drainage between the two groups. Restricted shoulder movement was often seen after local wound complications following axillary radiotherapy or after seriously disturbed wound healing. PMID- 3900810 TI - [Immunohistochemical study on the presence of CEA in primary brain tumors. Preliminary note]. AB - The immuno peroxidase histochemical technique produced optic microscopic evidence of CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen) in 19 out of 42 (42.25%) brain tumours including 12 astrocytomas, 6 glioblastomas and 1 ependymoma. The possibility of identifying CEA in such tumours is extremely interesting in view of the fact that CEA is currently the antigen most commonly studied and utilised in various types of non-cerebral cancers. PMID- 3900811 TI - [The use of syntropium bromide as an antispasmodic]. AB - The following trials were carried out to evaluate the antispasmodic effect of sintropium bromide in a group of 30 patients. The antispasmodic effect on the gastroduodenal system was observed endoscopically. The results were compared by means of double blind tests carried out using placebo and rociverine. The effect in a group of 10 patients was examined by X-ray of the digestive tract. The effect on another group of 20 patients suffering from abdominal colic was clinically evaluated. Sintropium bromide has a prompt anticholinergic action and for this reason may be used in the treatment of painful conditions of the bile, gastro-enteric and renal tracts, and also during the course of endoscopic examinations. PMID- 3900812 TI - [The use of ceftazidime in infectious pathology]. AB - The clinical applications of chemotherapy and antibiotic treatment are reviewed with specific reference to ceftazidime. The encouraging results obtained with this cephalosporin on a group of patients suffering from sepsis, higher and lower respiratory tract, biliary, bone and urinary tract infections are reported. The doctrinaire and practical use of this drug in single or multiple antibiotic treatment programmes is discussed. PMID- 3900813 TI - [Thoracic outlet syndrome]. AB - Thoracic outlet syndrome is produced by many aetiopathogenic factors that compress or stretch the brachial plexus in the subclavian region. Clinical aspects, diagnostic procedure and instrumental examinations are discussed. A treatment programme should be based on the many factors causing the syndrome. Most patients, however, derive benefit from a suitable exercise programme and this is recommended as an initial approach in all cases. PMID- 3900814 TI - Regulations governing home care programs. PMID- 3900815 TI - Evaluation of the literature on stability and compatibility of parenteral admixtures. PMID- 3900816 TI - Quisqualic acid-induced hippocampal seizures in unanesthetized cats. AB - An intrahippocampal injection of quisqualic acid (QA) was made in chronically implanted freely moving unanesthetized cats and electrographic and clinical observations were made. Fourteen to 40 micrograms of QA injection resulted in a mild limbic seizure within 24 h after QA injection. Some cats demonstrated a pure hippocampal seizure on an electroencephalogram. Electrographic changes and clinical manifestations were less prominent as compared with those of kainic acid. Histopathological examination showed a selective loss of pyramidal cell layer of the CA3 portion in the injected side of the dorsal hippocampus. A mild but constant epileptogenic potency of QA has an advantage for an experimental model of temporal lobe epilepsy in man. PMID- 3900817 TI - Expression of cell adhesion molecule, N-CAM, in diseases of adult human skeletal muscle. AB - Antibody to the cell adhesion molecule N-CAM was used for analysis of cryostat sections using indirect immunofluorescence assay of human muscle biopsies from patients with a variety of muscle diseases. Positive staining was restricted to cases where haematoxylin and eosin staining revealed regenerating myofibers. N CAM reactivity was specifically found associated with such regenerating fibres. No staining was found on normal adult, degenerating or necrotic fibres. In addition, in chronically denervated muscle disease there was no staining of either atrophic fibres or reinnervated fibres that tended to exist in fibre type specific groupings. N-CAM can therefore be regarded as a specific gene product of regenerating myofibres and is an additional marker of these fibres on biopsy of human muscle. PMID- 3900818 TI - Staining of the magnocellular nuclei of the rat hypothalamus by a monoclonal antibody directed against the alpha-subunit of the nicotinic cholinergic receptor. AB - Previous work has shown the vasopressin-secreting cells of the supraoptic nucleus receive a cholinergic input from a region dorsolateral to the nucleus, and that acetylcholine (ACh) activation of these cells is blocked by nicotinic antagonists. This work reports that a monoclonal antibody, directed against the alpha-subunit of the nicotinic ACh receptor isolated from Electrophorus electricus, stains certain hypothalamic cells and processes, particularly in regions associated with vasopressin-containing neurones. PMID- 3900819 TI - Diploma programs in nursing accredited by the NLN 1985-86. PMID- 3900820 TI - The first restructuring of American nursing education, 1880-1946. PMID- 3900821 TI - Diarrhea and malabsorption associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). PMID- 3900822 TI - Riboflavin requirements of women and children in the Third World. PMID- 3900823 TI - Nutrition classics. The Journal of General Physiology, Volume eighteenth 1935: Vitamin A in eye tissues. By George Wald. PMID- 3900824 TI - Excretion of vitamin A metabolites in the bile. PMID- 3900825 TI - Fumaric acid: a new feed additive for pigs. PMID- 3900826 TI - Luther Terry, MD, 1911-1985. A caring, courageous man. PMID- 3900827 TI - Mixed messages for women. A social history of cigarette smoking and advertising. PMID- 3900828 TI - Medical education in New York City in 1866-1867. A student's notebook of Professor Charles A. Budd's lectures on obstetrics at New York University--Part I. PMID- 3900829 TI - Dental public health: the past to the future. PMID- 3900830 TI - Color in esthetics. PMID- 3900831 TI - Lung inhalation scintigraphy: development of a new aerosol system. AB - A new technique for lung inhalation scintigraphy is reported, developing a new aerosol system, based on the original system of Taplin [1]. With two small compact polypropylene reservoirs, this 99Tcm DTPA technique allowed continuous breathing during the inhalation period. This system proved to be a useful alternative to that using radioactive gases and the system of Taplin, due to its low cost and the ease with which several projections may be obtained. PMID- 3900832 TI - The use of single photon emission computed tomography in lung imaging with aerosols. AB - The use of technetium-99m labelled diethylenetriaminopentaacetic acid (99Tcm DTPA) aerosol and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) to obtain sectional ventilation images of the lung is demonstrated in a limited series of patients. SPECT perfusion and planar ventilation and perfusion are also obtained and the SPECT studies compared with the planar views to assess the efficacy of SPECT aerosol ventilation images when used in conjunction with SPECT perfusion studies. The problems encountered in SPECT aerosol lung imaging, particularly the image noise associated with the limited number of detected counts, are described. On the basis of the results it is concluded that the technique is worth further assessment. PMID- 3900833 TI - Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Examination, treatment and follow-up. AB - In inflammatory cytology without suspicion of cervical neoplasia (Papanicolaou II) a pelvic examination is done in order to exclude a macroscopic visible tumor. After treatment of an inflammation a repeat cytology and a colposcopy is performed preferably 8 to 12 weeks later. If the cytology or the colposcopy is abnormal, or if the colposcopy is inconclusive, or if the inflammation is of viral origin, the patient is referred to colposcopy-directed biopsies and endocervical curettage like the patients with an initial cytology suspicious of cervical neoplasia (Papanicolaou III to V). A histologically verified CIN I is treated as soon as it proves itself stable, that is, if biopsies or ECC 3 to 6 months after the initial ones again show CIN I. In very young women treatment may be postponed another 3 to 6 months. Histologically verified CIN II and III are treated without postponement. In CIN I and II treatment by means of destruction is recommended if the neoplasia is located on the exocervix and the preoperative ECC is normal and if colposcopy can exclude (micro-)invasion. A CIN III fulfilling the same criteria may be destructed, too, preferably by the CO2 laser- partly because of the well defined and precise destruction especially with regard to the depth into the stroma and partly because the laser contrary to the cryoapparatus is very suitable of treating CIN involving large areas of the exocervix including neoplasias extending into the vagina. In this connection the combined excision and destruction by the laser should be mentioned, a treatment modality made accessible by the appearance of the laser.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3900834 TI - Fetal liver ultrasound measurements during normal pregnancy. AB - The ultrasonically determined growth of the fetal liver during normal pregnancy is presented. The normal range of fetal liver sizes for each week of pregnancy from 20 weeks' gestation to term was determined. A linear relationship between fetal liver and abdominal circumference measurements also is described. Value and potential applications of this new fetal parameter are discussed. PMID- 3900835 TI - Intravenous glucose tolerance tests in women with twin pregnancy. AB - Carbohydrate metabolism was evaluated in 20 twin gestations and 20 singleton pregnancies. The groups were matched for age, parity, weight, height, and gestational age. Intravenous glucose tolerance tests were performed on all women in the third trimester of pregnancy using a glucose load of 0.5 g/kg body weight. Venous plasma glucose and insulin level were measured and statistically compared. The glucose disappearance rates (K) were not different in the two groups. No significant differences in the mean insulin or glucose responses were found between singleton and twin pregnancies. Thus, twin gestations are not at higher metabolic risk of gestational diabetes than are singleton pregnancies. PMID- 3900836 TI - Cohort study of silastic obstetric vacuum cup deliveries: I. Safety of the instrument. AB - A prospective study was undertaken to determine the safety of the Silastic vacuum extractor. Between November 1982 and July 1983, a cohort of 84 successful vacuum extractor deliveries was examined, using the next sequential forceps delivery and spontaneous vaginal delivery as controls. In addition to routine neonatal morbidity measures, Scanlon early neonatal neurobehavioral scale and a modified Sarnat encephalopathy staging examination were used to critically assess neurologic functioning; a cranial ultrasound scan was performed to look for intracerebral hemorrhage, and an indirect ophthalmologic examination was done to assess the incidence of retinal hemorrhage. The study yielded no significant increase in maternal vaginal trauma for vacuum extractor versus spontaneous vaginal delivery, but there was a significantly greater incidence for forceps delivery (60%) versus vacuum extractor (25%) and more associated blood loss for forceps delivery (P less than .01). There was no significant increase in neonatal morbidity for vacuum extractor compared with forceps delivery nor in serious morbidity compared with spontaneous vaginal delivery. Specifically, for vacuum extractor versus forceps delivery there was no difference in one- and five-minute Apgar scores, extent of resuscitation, cosmetic injury, jaundice, mean neonatal intensive care unit stay, or incidence of retinal hemorrhage. Notably, there was no mortality related to delivery method, but there were two unrelated deaths. There were no cases of intraventricular or subgaleal hemorrhage on clinical or ultrasound examination, but one stillborn infant, who succumbed to a generalized coagulation defect, had a subarachnoid hemorrhage. Finally, there was no significant difference in Sarnat encephalopathy staging or Scanlon neurobehavioral assessment between spontaneous vaginal, forceps, and vacuum extractor deliveries.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3900837 TI - Comparison of intravenous administration with intrauterine irrigation with ceforanide for nonelective cesarean section. AB - A randomized, prospective, double-blind study was designed to compare intravenous administration with intrauterine irrigation using an extended half-life (t1/2 = three hours) cephalosporin, ceforanide. Patients included in the study had a nonelective cesarean section with rupture of membranes for three hours or longer. Sixty-four patients received a single dose of ceforanide immediately after clamping the umbilical cord. Patients were similar in both groups in age, weight, length of labor, and duration of ruptured membranes. The group receiving the intravenous ceforanide had a significantly shorter duration of surgery than the patients receiving the intrauterine ceforanide. Endometritis infection rates were similar, 11.8% (intravenous) versus 11.1% (intrauterine), P greater than .1. Serum levels were as much as tenfold higher in the intravenous group versus the intrauterine group. Intrauterine irrigation with an antimicrobial agent provided no advantage over systemic administration. PMID- 3900838 TI - Fetal breathing movements and the diagnosis of labor: a prospective analysis of 100 cases. AB - One hundred patients self-admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of labor, were observed for up to 45 minutes with real-time ultrasonography to determine if the presence or absence of fetal breathing movements was helpful in separating false labor from true labor. Fetal breathing movements were not detected in 31 patients, and 30 of these delivered spontaneously within 48 hours; fetal breathing movements were present in 69 cases, and pregnancy continued for at least 48 hours in 56; of the remaining 13, labor occurred spontaneously within 48 hours in eight, whereas five had labor induced. Assessment of the cervix by Bishop score after ultrasound further improved diagnostic precision; none of 13 patients with a score greater than 9 exhibited fetal breathing movements, and all delivered within 48 hours. Gestational age did not influence outcome; 25 patients were preterm, and all 22 in whom fetal breathing movements were present continued for more than 48 hours. The results suggest that the absence of fetal breathing movements differentiates true labor from false labor. PMID- 3900839 TI - Effects of ultrasound feedback on pregnancy anxiety, fetal activity, and neonatal outcome. AB - A group of pregnant women received video and verbal feedback during three ultrasound examinations. This group was compared with a no-feedback group on measures of pregnancy anxiety, fetal activity, and neonatal outcome. The feedback appeared to reduce pregnancy anxiety and fetal activity, particularly for the primiparous women. These women also experienced fewer obstetric complications and gave birth to neonates who were greater weight, more appropriate weight-for length, less active and irritable, and showed better performance on the Brazelton neonatal behavior assessment. PMID- 3900840 TI - Measurement of breast volume by ultrasound during normal menstrual cycles and with oral contraceptive use. AB - The volume of the human breast was measured by ultrasonographic methods with good reliability and reproducibility. Variations in breast volume of up to 36% were encountered with weekly measurements during the course of seven normal menstrual cycles. Oral contraceptives containing 35 to 50 micrograms ethynyl estradiol and amounts of norethindrone varying over a range of 0.4 to 2.5 mg/day and used for six cycles did not produce dose-related changes in breast volume as compared with untreated control subjects, but the sensitivity of the experiment was reduced by notable individual variation and relatively small sample sizes. PMID- 3900841 TI - Clinical, biochemical, and ovarian morphologic features in women with acanthosis nigricans and masculinization. AB - Nine women with acanthosis nigricans and masculinization, who did not appear to have any of the reported syndromes associated with acanthosis nigricans, were studied to characterize the clinical, biochemical, and ovarian morphologic features of their disorders. These patients had the clinical and biochemical profiles of polycystic ovarian disease. All acanthosis nigricans subjects had significant insulin resistance when insulin binding to both circulating monocytes and erythrocytes was compared to the control subjects. Microscopic examination of the ovaries revealed no evidence of recent normal ovulation, sclerosis of the ovarian cortex, follicle cysts, and stromal hyperthecosis. The authors conclude that ovarian stromal hyperthecosis and insulin resistance are consistent findings in the present type of patient. This study provides further evidence supporting a relationship between insulin resistance and human ovarian function. PMID- 3900842 TI - Dermatomyositis and pregnancy. AB - Dermatomyositis is a rare medical disease complicating pregnancy. Three patients are reported with five successful pregnancies complicated by dermatomyositis. Although pregnancy loss may arise when dermatomyositis complicates pregnancy, successful therapy will permit a satisfactory result. Optimal pregnancy success can be anticipated when pregnancy is undertaken with disease in remission and prospective maternal and fetal evaluation is undertaken. PMID- 3900843 TI - [Eye lesions in toxocariasis]. PMID- 3900845 TI - Delayed socket granuloma formation following evisceration. AB - We report a rare granuloma of the socket that simulated a conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma in a patient treated with evisceration six and a half years earlier. An excisional biopsy revealed loose connective tissue with marked capillary proliferation and lymphocytic infiltration. The cut end of a silicone exoplant, used to treat a preceding traumatic retinal detachment, was found at the base of the lesion. Prior operative procedures should be reviewed in patients presenting with socket lesions to exclude the presence of an iatrogenic foreign body. PMID- 3900844 TI - [Effect of gossypol on spermatogenesis and fertility in man and mammals]. AB - This review summarizes the main results of experimental and clinical studies of a new antifertile agent, gossypol, a polyphenolic compound isolated from the cotton. This compound disturb the normal course of spermatogenesis and affects, first of all, the locomotory system of mature spermatozoa of the man and some mammal species. The mechanism of gossypol action on the development of germ cells is discussed. Since the action of gossypol is reversible and it does not induce strong side effects, the possibility of its application for the control of birth rate is considered. PMID- 3900846 TI - Vitamin E and retinopathy of prematurity. Follow-up at one year. AB - Five hundred forty-five infants weighing less than 1501 g at birth were entered into a randomized, prospective study to determine the effect of high serum levels (5 mg/dL) of vitamin E used prophylactically to try to prevent or alter the natural course of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and its sequel, retrolental fibroplasia (RLF). Three hundred twenty-eight infants were available for the one- to two-year eye examination. Although there was a trend (P = 0.072) toward less severe RLF among vitamin E-treated infants, the incidence of RLF was 11/162 (6.8%) in the placebo treated (P) infants, and 12/166 (7.2%) in the vitamin E treated (E) infants. The incidences of hyperopia, myopia, anisometropia, strabismus and amblyopia were also similar in both the P and E groups. PMID- 3900847 TI - Retinal hemorrhage in retinopathy of prematurity associated with tocopherol treatment. AB - Two hundred eighty-seven infants were enrolled in a double masked, randomized, placebo controlled trial of early parenteral tocopherol given from day one. Among the 232 survivors with ophthalmologic follow-up, retinal hemorrhages occurred more frequently in the tocopherol group (16/111; 14.4%) than in the placebo group (8/121; 6.6%). The development of retinal hemorrhages correlated strongly with plasma tocopherol levels from three weeks to three months (P less than 0.05). Future studies of tocopherol should be aware of potential bleeding diatheses, and study this prospectively. PMID- 3900848 TI - Anti-retinal auto-antibodies in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome, Behcet's disease, and sympathetic ophthalmia. AB - Sera of patients diagnosed as having the active Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) syndrome, Behcet's syndrome or sympathetic ophthalmia as well as normal controls were evaluated by ELISA and by staining of normal human retinal tissue using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC) technique for anti-retinal antibodies. No anti-retinal S-antigen antibodies were detected by ELISA. However, autoimmune antibodies were found against the outer segments of photoreceptors and Muller cells in patients with the VKH syndrome, with lower titers in some patients with Behcet's syndrome, and in a few patients with sympathetic ophthalmia. These results suggested anti-retinal antibodies were present and that retinal autoimmunity may play a role in pathogenesis in varieties of posterior uveitis. In addition, the indirect immunoperoxidase staining technique may facilitate the diagnosis of VKH in uncertain cases. PMID- 3900849 TI - Instrument and book supplement 1985. PMID- 3900850 TI - Manufacturers of ophthalmic products. PMID- 3900851 TI - Comparative material on automated and semiautomated perimeters--1985. PMID- 3900852 TI - Publishers of books relevant to ophthalmology. PMID- 3900853 TI - Books relevant to ophthalmology. PMID- 3900854 TI - In vitro cultivation of Cowdria ruminantium. AB - Cowdria ruminantium was cultivated in a calf endothelial cell line after the cells had been irradiated at 45 & 90 GY. Another experiment in which the inoculum and non-irradiated cells were centrifuged together also yielded positive results. In some irradiated cultures, colonies of organisms could be demonstrated microscopically up to 70 days after the cultures had been inoculated with infected tick stabilate. The infectivity of cultures, even after 4 passages and 88 days post-inoculation, was demonstrated by their intravenous injection in sheep. PMID- 3900855 TI - A method for determining the Cowdria ruminantium infection rate of Amblyomma hebraeum: effects in mice injected with tick homogenates. AB - Amblyomma hebraeum ticks, collected in the field and individually homogenized, were injected into mice. Thirteen out of 240 ticks were shown to be infected with the heartwater agent. Antibodies against Cowdria ruminantium were detected in the sera of the mice by means of the indirect fluorescent antibody test. Giemsa stained smears, prepared from the haemocytes of the ticks, revealed morphologically different forms of the heartwater agent. A strain of C. ruminantium, designated the Welgevonden strain, was isolated in mice from one of the infected ticks and passaged in mice for 8 generations. When inoculated intravenously, it was highly infective to mice, sheep and cattle. The murinotropism of the Welgevonden strain is compared with that of other strains previously described. PMID- 3900857 TI - [Dr. Gabor Petri (1914-1985)]. PMID- 3900856 TI - The value of carbamazepine in the treatment of tinnitus. AB - A double-blind controlled trial on the use of oral carbamazepine in the treatment of tinnitus is reported. The effects of carbamazepine and intravenous lidocaine on tinnitus were compared. Carbamazepine had less effect than the placebo. PMID- 3900858 TI - [Invasive or non-invasive methods in cardiology?]. PMID- 3900859 TI - [Ceftriaxon (Rocephin) therapy in purulent meningitis in infancy and childhood]. PMID- 3900860 TI - [The Jurasz operation in free abdominal perforation of a pancreatic pseudocyst]. PMID- 3900861 TI - [Origins of medical history writing in Hungary]. PMID- 3900862 TI - [Discovery of the manuscript collection Historiae morborum at the Semmelweis Medical School]. PMID- 3900863 TI - [The resuscitation of Abraham Lincoln]. PMID- 3900864 TI - [Remembering Markusovszky. Current tasks based on Markusovszky's writings]. PMID- 3900865 TI - [Centenary of the birth of Gyorgy Hevesy]. PMID- 3900867 TI - [Medical notes from World War II]. PMID- 3900866 TI - [150 years of pediatric surgery in Hungary (Agoston Schopf-Merei)]. PMID- 3900868 TI - [The Hippocratic way of life: the guardian of homeostasis]. PMID- 3900869 TI - [Diagnosis and pathology of exencephaly]. PMID- 3900870 TI - [In defense of Hungarian medical terminology in the past and present]. PMID- 3900871 TI - [Early placental abruption diagnosed by ultrasound]. PMID- 3900872 TI - [Jeno Polya (1876-1944-1945?!)]. PMID- 3900873 TI - [Differential diagnostic problems in juvenile diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 3900874 TI - [Significance of a new tumor marker (CA 19-9) in the differential diagnosis of pathological changes in the pancreas detected by ultrasonic diagnosis]. PMID- 3900875 TI - Radiation and the ageing eye. PMID- 3900876 TI - Epidemiology of squamous cell cancer of the head and neck. AB - Epidemiologic investigations have been instrumental in identifying numerous factors associated with the development of cancer. Tobacco and alcohol are unquestionably the major risk factors for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck region. Diet appears to play a role in the development of these cancers, as nutritional deficiencies have been found to increase risk. Clinical observation and epidemiologic studies have also identified ionizing radiation as an unequivocal risk factor, although of lesser importance from the public health point of view. Overall, epidemiologic evidence shows that occupational exposures play a minor, though definite, role in the development of head and neck cancer. For sinonasal cancer, however, studies corroborate that occupational exposures are the major determinants of disease. PMID- 3900877 TI - Diagnostic techniques in head and neck cancer. AB - The evaluation of a patient with a cancer in the head and neck should begin with a complete history. A thorough physical examination will aid in determining the tumor extent. Finally, diagnostic techniques have been outlined that can help in determining the extent of the primary tumor and metastases. PMID- 3900878 TI - Dental considerations in management of head and neck cancer. AB - The successful management of patients with squamous cell cancer of the aerodigestive tract requires a multispecialty team. Cooperation among these individuals will ensure that the patient has the best possible chance for a favorable outcome. The role of the dentist as a member of this team is discussed. PMID- 3900879 TI - [Myocutaneous flap using the major pectoralis muscle in the reconstruction of defects in the head and neck]. PMID- 3900880 TI - The last grand rounds of Richard Selzer. PMID- 3900881 TI - Historical considerations of cardiac pain. PMID- 3900882 TI - A new device for internal fixation of thoracolumbar and lumbar spine fractures: the 'fixateur interne'. AB - A new system of operative fixation of thoracolumbar and lumbar spine fractures is presented: the 'fixateur interne' (F.I.). From a posterior approach long Schanz screws are inserted through the pedicles into the body of the two vertebrae just adjacent to the lesion and connected by th threaded F.I. rods. By tightening the nuts the Schanz screws are fixed in all directions. The advantages of the F.I. system are: excellent reposition by the long lever-arm of the Schanz screws, immobilization of only two segments and therefore good mobility of the residual spine, stability against flexion forces better than is obtained with Harrington distraction rods, additional rotational stability, and fixation in lordosis or kyphosis as is desired. The F.I. does not act as a four point bending system like all other dorsal spine instrumentation systems, but provides stability in flexion by itself. Therefore it can be Used independently of the condition of all ligaments (including the anterior longitudinal ligament) and of the posterior wall of the fractured vertebrae, and there is no need to fix more than the two immediately adjacent vertebrae, thus avoiding the often painful and cumbersome iatrogenic loss of lumbar lordosis and of mobility and permitting early mobilization of the patient. Experience with the first 45 patients is very promising. PMID- 3900883 TI - [Treatment of metastatic neuroblastoma by bone marrow grafting]. PMID- 3900884 TI - [Value of the detection of antithyroid antibodies in thyroid pathology]. AB - Antithyroid microsomal hemagglutination antibody (MCHA) and antithyroglobulin hemagglutination antibody (TGHA) were measured in 629 patients with thyroid disease and 100 controls. Thyroid antibodies were present in 4% of control patients, only in women and at low titer. Thyroid antibodies prevalence was 97% in autoimmune thyroiditis (MCHA: 93%; TGHA: 53%), was 55% in Graves disease before treatment (MCHA: 46%; TGHA: 33%) and 90% in the first year following 131I therapy. Antibodies prevalence was 57% in myxoedema (MCHA: 52%; TGHA: 25%). In patients with iodine overload, antibodies prevalence was 29% in euthyroid patients, 25% in iodine-induced hyperthyroidism and 55% in iodine-induced hypothyroidism. Thyroid antibodies detection should be systematically performed in the routine evaluation of any thyroid disorder. Because of discrepancies between TGHA and MCHA positivity, their simultaneous detection should be performed. PMID- 3900885 TI - [Acute effects of ethanol on the performance and metabolism of the isolated working heart, both normal and failing]. AB - The direct effects of ethanol on cardiac contractility are controversial, probably because of methodological reasons in relation to the choice of appropriate experimental models. We studied the direct effects of 1, 2, 5 and 10 g/l ethanol on myocardial performance and metabolism in the isolated perfused working guinea-pig heart. In the normal heart ethanol induced a dose-dependent, fully reversible depression of cardiac contractility without significant changes of heart rate or cardiac metabolism. In the post-anoxic failing heart this effect was more pronounced. Ethanol had no arrhythmogenic effect even at high concentrations. Finally, it had no measurable effect on anoxic-induced alterations or post-anoxic recovery after a period of 20 minutes of anoxic perfusion. However anoxic-induced lactate production was decreased in hearts pretreated with 10 g/l ethanol. These results demonstrate the direct negative inotropic effect and the lack of chronotropic effect of ethanol. They suggest the lack of effect on excitability. The mechanism of the negative inotropic effect does not seem to be metabolically related since cardiac oxygen consumption and lactate production remained unaltered. PMID- 3900886 TI - [Serum carbohydrate 19-9 Tm and bronchial cancer. Comparative study with another tumor marker, carcinoembryonic antigen]. AB - Carbohydrate antigen 19-9 Tm (CA 19-9 Tm) level was measured in 3 groups of sera: 138 control subjects affected by bronchogenic no malignant diseases, 117 subjects with primary bronchogenic carcinoma, 43 with pulmonary metastasis of different cancers. Serum level CA 19-9 Tm was compared with serum level CEA. Control subjects bring us to state the discrimination standard between bronchogenic carcinoma and no carcinoma to 40 U/ml of CA 19-9 Tm. In primary bronchogenic carcinoma, a simultaneous increase of the two markers was noted in some subjects whereas in others only one tumor marker was increased pulmonary metastasis are considered. In these two cases, CEA increases more often in serum of subjects affected by adenocarcinomas CA 19-9 Tm and CEA are thus two different tumor associated markers. PMID- 3900887 TI - [Passage of commercial heparin and a low molecular weight fragment of heparin, CY 222, across the placenta of pregnant rabbits]. AB - Because of a further clinical use of low-molecular weight heparin fraction in prevention or treatment of venous thrombo-embolism, it was necessary to establish whether they cross the placenta. The studies were performed in pregnant rabbits. High doses of commercial unfractionated heparin (1 000 and 1 600 anti-Xa units per kg of body-weight) and high doses of a low molecular weight heparin fraction (1 000; 8 000 and 16 000 anti-Xa units per kg of body weight) were injected to animals at the end of gestation (term: 30 days). The placenta crossing was studied by drawing blood samples from the mother and foetus for assays of heparin blood level. There is no detectable levels of heparin in the foetus at any time after injection of commercial heparin at the dose of 1 000 anti-Xa units per kg; meanwhile heparin blood level is very low at the dose of 16 000 anti-Xa units/kg. The low molecular weight heparin fraction do not cross the placenta at the dose of 1 000 anti-Xa units/kg. However for higher doses (8 000 and 16 000 anti-Xa/kg) this heparin fraction gives a foetal heparin blood level upper than the one given by commercial heparin. PMID- 3900888 TI - [Evaluation of a new latex test for detecting human rotaviruses in feces]. AB - We have sought the presence of rotavirus in 237 fecal samples. Three techniques were applied to each sample: ELISA, latex agglutination (LTX) with two reagents (Rotalex and SlidexRotaKit), and electron microscopy after negative staining. The specificity of ELISA and LTX is very good (more than 93.4 per cent), the sensitivity is decreasing from ELISA to SlidexRotaKit and Rotalex (respectively 83.6-74.5 and 67.3 per cent). The advantages of LTX include rapidity, simplicity, low cost price. PMID- 3900889 TI - [Value of the aminoglycoside-fosfomycin combination. Apropos of a case of bacterial endocarditis]. AB - The authors report a case of Staphylococcus epidermidis prosthetic valve endocarditis. After two unsuccessful treatments, the association Gentamicin Fosfomycin provided adequate serum bactericidal titers and had a good efficacy. PMID- 3900890 TI - [Blood ferritin: an immunoenzyme assay technic]. AB - The enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is applied for ferritinemia measurement. Polystyrene beads are used for the adsorption of antibodies and peroxidase as revealing enzyme. The normal values are established with a splenic ferritin solution. The limits of the method are studied and the results are compared with two commercial kits (RIA-Gnost Behring, Ferrizyme Abbott). PMID- 3900891 TI - Vincent McGovern--an appreciation. PMID- 3900892 TI - A personal appreciation of Dr. Vincent McGovern. PMID- 3900893 TI - Vincent John McGovern as researcher and medical author. PMID- 3900894 TI - Carnitine deficiency. AB - Carnitine is an essential cofactor in the transfer of long-chain fatty acids across the inner mitochondrial membrane. Carnitine is metabolized from lysine, trimethyllysine and butyrobetaine. Butyrobetaine undergoes hydroxylation in the liver, brain and kidney to form carnitine which in turn is transported via the plasma to the heart and skeletal muscle where it is important for allowing beta oxidation of fatty acids. Three clinical forms of carnitine deficiency have been described: myopathic, systemic and mixed forms. Carnitine deficiency results in accumulation of neutral lipid within skeletal muscle, myocardium and liver. Ultrastructurally, myofibrils are disrupted and there is an accumulation of large aggregates of mitochondria and lipid deposits within the skeletal muscle and myocardium. Carnitine therapy has been effective in the treatment of the myopathic and some cases of systemic and mixed forms. Several syndromes of secondary carnitine deficiency have been described; these may be secondary to genetic defects of intermediary metabolism and to other conditions, particularly following hemodialysis. PMID- 3900895 TI - Gastrointestinal lymphoma. AB - The gastrointestinal tract is the commonest site for primary extranodal malignant lymphoma. Despite this, gastrointestinal lymphomas are rare and present diagnostic and conceptual challenges. Principal among these are the differential diagnoses of malignant lymphoma and carcinoma and malignant lymphoma and pseudolymphoma, especially in the stomach; the nature of Mediterranean lymphoma and of the lymphoma complicating celiac disease; and the conceptual basis for differentiation of follicular centre cell lymphomas in the intestine. PMID- 3900896 TI - IgA nephropathy--accumulated experience and current concepts. AB - Primary IgA nephropathy is the most common form of glomerulonephritis in Australia. The condition presents in a variety of ways, but commonly with synpharyngitic hematuria, most often in young men in the third and fourth decades. The course of the disease is indolent but there is progression to renal failure in up to one quarter of cases. Renal biopsy morphology is variable but the essential immunofluorescence finding is diffuse mesangial IgA staining of greater intensity but often in association with other immunoglobulins. C3 is usually also present. Mesangial cellularity is increased in some two-thirds of cases, one third being of a minor focal or variable extent and one-third diffuse. Focal segmental lesions, hyaline nodules and vascular changes are frequent. Crescents are also often present. The etiology of the disease is uncertain but has been linked with HLA antigens, elevated serum IgA levels, IgA polymers, immune complexes and impaired T cell function. Secondary forms of mesangial IgA deposition occur with mucosal defects, hyperglobulinemia or impaired hepatobiliary clearance, and these may offer some insight into the immunopathogenesis of the primary disease. PMID- 3900897 TI - Glomerulonephritis: approaches to classification. AB - Glomerulonephritis has many mechanisms and may take a variety of patterns. Almost as many classifications of glomerulonephritis exist as there have been classifiers. None is perfect. Morphological classification of glomerulonephritis is inadequate alone but provides useful information about the pattern of response to the injurious mechanism and may allow accurate assessment of prognosis. In this paper some approaches to the classification of glomerulonephritis are discussed, the major categories are reviewed and a prognostic method of classification is proposed. PMID- 3900898 TI - Cutaneous malignant melanoma in western Australia. AB - The first detailed epidemiological and histological studies of cutaneous malignant melanoma in Western Australia have been undertaken recently. High and, apparently, increasing annual incidence rates have been confirmed (1975/76: 23.0/100 000 in males, 25.0/100 000 in females. 1980/81: 28.9/100 000 in males, 31.5/100 000 in females--rates for pre-invasive and invasive lesions combined). The results support a causal relationship of sunlight exposure with cutaneous melanoma in general, while suggesting that melanoma of Hutchinson's melanotic freckle type is related to continuous sun exposure whereas intermittent exposure is more important in the etiology of melanoma of superficial spreading type. The proposed etiological heterogeneity of melanoma and the dual origin theory of Mishima have been embodied in a theory of the etiology and histogenesis of melanoma which proposes that nodular melanoma is a common end result of the other types of melanoma rather than a distinct histogenetic entity. Some components of this theory have been supported by results of the 1980/81 West Australian Lions Melanoma Research Project. The overriding importance of tumour thickness as the most accurate histologic index of prognosis yet available has been emphasized by correlation with survival rates in Western Australia and the Oxford Region. Tumour thickness has also been shown to be the most reproducible of histological features, while others were subject to considerable interobserver variation. The better prognosis for melanoma patients in Western Australia compared with low incidence regions, when correlated with tumour thickness, indicated that melanoma is diagnosed earlier in areas of high incidence due to greater awareness of the risk.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3900899 TI - A comparison of some methods for identifying amelanotic and oligomelanotic melanoma metastases in paraffin sections. AB - Four methods were compared for identifying amelanotic and oligomelanotic melanomas in paraffin sections of formalin-fixed metastases from subjects with primary cutaneous melanomas. Of the amelanotic and oligomelanotic metastases a characteristic pattern of fluorescence was seen with an incident-light fluorescence microscope in 11 of 25 (44%); the Warthin-Starry stain at pH 3.2 was positive in 14 of 25 (56%); these two procedures together were a little more effective, 63% positive; S100 protein was revealed by immunoperoxidase staining in 26 of 28 (93%); the monoclonal antibody NKI/C-3 against a human melanoma antigen gave positive immunoperoxidase staining in 24 of 27 cases (89%). Of the pigmented metastases S100 protein was demonstrated in 18 of 21 (86%) and NKI/C-3 gave positive staining in all 20 tested. These antibodies are not specific for melanoma but a metastasis which does not react with either antibody is unlikely to be melanoma. PMID- 3900900 TI - Cardiac involvement in cystic fibrosis: early noninvasive detection and vasodilator therapy. AB - Cardiac involvement in cystic fibrosis (CF) occurs commonly but may remain undetected by usual evaluation in its early stages when right ventricular dysfunction (RVD) may be treatable. To assess the role of vasodilator therapy for early RVD in CF, we performed a prospective study in 23 ambulatory CF patients with mild CF (clinical score m = 79 +/- 8, range 61 to 90). Echocardiography (echo) and radionuclide angiography (RA) were performed at rest and with exercise stress testing (EST) in all 23 to select patients with early RVD. Thirteen of twenty-three had RVD on echo or RA evidenced by increased RV dimensions (P less than 0.001) on echo and decreased RV ejection fraction (EF) on RA (P less than 0.01) but 30% of these patients were abnormal only with EST. All 13 with RVD underwent inpatient double-blinded randomization to receive placebo or hydralazine orally without changing other standard therapy. Nine of thirteen received hydralazine (2 mg/kg/day) for 3 days. With hydralazine no change from placebo was seen on any echo or RA measurement at rest or with EST other than left ventricular STI which fell (P less than 0.05). These data indicate: 1) EST with echo and RA detects RVD in CF earlier than resting studies, 2) patients with mild CF (clinical score less than 85) frequently have RVD on EST, and 3) hydralazine does not improve RVD in CF even very early in its development. PMID- 3900901 TI - Effect of hormone administration on the sialylation and fucosylation of intestinal microvillus membranes of suckling rats. AB - Cortisone, thyroxine, epidermal growth factor, or insulin were administered to 8 day-old rats for 4 days. In comparison to saline-injected controls, cortisone treatment: 1) lowered the sialic acid and raised the fucose content of the intestinal microvillus membranes, 2) increased [3H]fucose incorporation into these membranes, and 3) decreased the membrane binding of 125I-wheat germ agglutinin, while increasing the binding of 125I-ulex europeus agglutinin I and 125I-peanut agglutinin. Thyroxine treatment had similar effects on fucose content and 125I-ulex europeus agglutinin I binding, but did not alter [3H] fucose incorporation or sialic acid content. At the doses used, epidermal growth factor and insulin had no significant effects. The effect of cortisone treatment on sialic acid and fucose was commensurate with a 5- to 6-day acceleration of postnatal intestinal maturation. The changes in lectin binding, however, suggested qualitative differences between developmental and cortisone-induced membrane glycosylation. In addition, this study demonstrates significant quantitative and qualitative differences in the response of intestinal glycosylation to pharmacologic doses of the four hormones. PMID- 3900902 TI - The effect of metoclopramide administration on electrolyte status and activity of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in premature infants. AB - The present study has been carried out to define whether endogenous dopamine contributes to the regulation of renal sodium handling and the function of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in low birth weight premature infants. Twelve premature infants with mean birth weight of 1420 g and mean gestational age of 29.2 wk were given metoclopramide (MTC) in a dose of 0.1 mg/kg/day to treat delayed gastric emptying, regurgitation, and abdominal distension at the age of 17-23 days. Infants were kept on either a low (2-3 mEq/kg/day) or high (4 7 mEq/kg/day) sodium diet to modulate activity of RAAS. Prior to and after a 3 day period of MTC administration, blood samples were taken, and in six male infants 24-h urine collections were made to determine plasma and urine electrolytes, plasma renin activity, plasma aldosterone concentration, and urinary aldosterone excretion. We demonstrated that plasma sodium and potassium concentrations and plasma renin activity were not altered by MTC. On the other hand, in response to MTC, there was a significant increase in urinary sodium excretion (1.8 +/- 0.3 versus 2.3 +/- 0.3 mEq/kg/day) and a decrease in potassium excretion (1.2 +/- 0.2 versus 0.8 +/- 0.1 mEq/kg/day); plasma aldosterone concentration and urinary aldosterone excretion decreased significantly from initial values of 2101 +/- 274 pg/ml and 2.91 +/- 0.52 micrograms/day to 1500 +/- 207 pg/ml (p less than 0.01) and 2.21 +/- 0.43 micrograms/day (p less than 0.01), respectively, after MTC. These alterations were independent of the pretreatment hormone levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3900903 TI - Mechanisms of pulmonary gas exchange abnormalities during experimental group B streptococcal infusion. AB - Group B streptococcal sepsis in newborns produces pulmonary arterial hypertension and hypoxemia. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanisms by which hypoxemia occurs. Ten anesthetized, ventilated piglets were infused with 2 X 10(9) colony forming units/kg of Group B streptococci over a 30-min period. Pulmonary arterial pressure rose from 14 +/- 2.8 to 38 +/- 6.7 torr after 20 min of the bacterial infusion (p less than 0.01). During the same period, cardiac output fell from 295 to 184 ml/kg/min (p less than 0.02). Arterial PO2 declined from 97 +/- 7 to 56 +/- 11 torr (p less than 0.02) and mixed venous PO2 fell from 39.6 +/- 5 to 28 +/- 8 torr (p less than 0.05). The multiple inert gas elimination technique was used to detect increases in shunt and alterations in ventilation-perfusion matching. Intrapulmonary shunt did not increase during or after the infusion with group B streptococci. However, there was a significant increase (p less than 0.05) in the SD of pulmonary blood flow, an index of VA/Q mismatching, 20 min after initiation of the infusion of bacteria. All the above changes reverted toward baseline during the 2-h period following discontinuation of the infusion. We conclude that the hypoxemia occurring in the early phase of group B streptococcal sepsis does not develop solely because of increased shunt, but rather is produced by a decline in cardiac output in conjunction with mismatching of pulmonary perfusion to alveolar ventilation. PMID- 3900904 TI - Extracorporeal circulation in neonatal respiratory failure: a prospective randomized study. AB - A prospective controlled randomized study of the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation to treat newborns with respiratory failure was carried out using the "randomized play-the-winner" statistical method. In this method the chance of randomly assigning an infant to one treatment or the other is influenced by the outcome of treatment of each patient in the study. If one treatment is more successful, more patients are randomly assigned to that treatment. A group of 12 infants with birth weight greater than 2 kg met objective criteria for high mortality risk. One patient was randomly assigned to conventional treatment (that patient died); 11 patients were randomly chosen for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (all survived). Intracerebral hemorrhage occurred in one of 11 surviving children. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation allows lung rest and improves survival compared to conventional ventilator therapy in newborn infants with severe respiratory failure. PMID- 3900905 TI - Effect of rifampin chemoprophylaxis on carriage eradication and new acquisition of Haemophilus influenzae type b in contacts. AB - We conducted a multicenter trial designed to assess the efficacy of three different drug regimens on eradication of Haemophilus influenzae type b (HIB) from the nasopharynx of household contacts of patients with invasive type b Haemophilus disease. The drug regimens studied were rifampin, 20 mg/kg, once daily for four days; rifampin, 10 mg/kg, twice a day for four days; and placebo, once daily for four days. Shortly after admission of the index patient to the hospital, 26% of 492 household contacts were found to be colonized with HIB. Both rifampin regimens eradicated carriage significantly better than placebo at 10 and 30 days (P = .001). However, among contacts whose cultures were initially negative, new acquisition of the organism occurred infrequently in this 30-day follow-up period regardless of the drug or placebo regimen prescribed. We also measured the concentration of anticapsular antibody in sera obtained from contacts younger than 6 years of age. Samples were obtained soon after admission of the index patient to the hospital and 30 days later. Several carriers younger than 2 years of age had low concentrations of antibody in both specimens. In contrast, nearly all carriers 2 to 5 years of age had high concentrations of antibody even in the first sample. Children who were not carriers usually had low antibody concentrations which did not increase during the period of observation. Our results suggest that most intrafamilial spread of HIB occurs prior to hospitalization of the index patient and stimulates immunity in contacts older than 2 years of age.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3900906 TI - Double-blind clinical trial of calf lung surfactant extract for the prevention of hyaline membrane disease in extremely premature infants. AB - A prospective, double-blind, controlled trial was conducted to determine whether instillation of an exogenous surfactant into the lungs before the first breath could prevent hyaline membrane disease. The surfactant is calf lung lipid extracted from saline lung lavage. Entry was limited to infants who were 24 to 28 weeks' gestation, who were born at Children's Hospital of Buffalo, and whose mothers had not received betamethasone for more than 24 hours before birth. Treated infants received 3 mL (90 mg) of calf lung surfactant extract instilled into their trachea before the first breath; control infants received 3 mL of normal saline. A prospective scoring system and respiratory support variables were used to compare the groups. At 48 hours of age, only two of 14 calf lung surfactant extract-treated infants (14%) had hyaline membrane disease compared with seven of 13 control infants (54%) (P = .033). Inspired oxygen, mean airway pressure, ventilator rate and ventilator efficiency index were also lower in the treated group during the first 48 hours of life (P less than .01 to P less than .001). Calf lung surfactant extract instillation at birth appears to be an effective material and method of preventing hyaline membrane disease in extremely premature infants. PMID- 3900907 TI - Double-blind, randomized trial of a calf lung surfactant extract administered at birth to very premature infants for prevention of respiratory distress syndrome. AB - Organic solvent extraction of surfactant obtained by lavage of calf lungs yields a highly surface-active material. A double blind, randomized clinical trial to determine the effect of this material on respiratory distress syndrome in premature infants was initiated in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at the University of Rochester in December 1983. Infants 25 to 29 weeks gestational age were eligible for entry into the trial. At the time of this interim analysis 32 patients had been randomly selected and entered into the trial, 16 surfactant treated patients and 16 in a control group who received only saline. At birth, intrapulmonary instillation of the calf lung surfactant extract dispersed in saline or saline alone occurred in the delivery room immediately after intubation and prior to ventilation; infants were then ventilated and treated as usual. At 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours after birth, the severity of respiratory distress was categorized as either minimal, intermediate, or severe based on oxygen and mean airway pressure requirements. Differences observed at six hours after birth were of marginal significance, but at 12 and 24 hours the surfactant-treated group had significantly (P less than .01) less severe respiratory distress compared with the control group. Differences between treated and control infants were not statistically significant at 48 and 72 hours after birth. In four surfactant treated infants the severity of respiratory distress worsened between 24 and 48 hours after birth, suggesting that one dose of surfactant at birth may not be sufficient for some infants. PMID- 3900908 TI - Subdural hemorrhage in utero. PMID- 3900909 TI - American Academy of Pediatrics. "Inactive" ingredients in pharmaceutical products. Committee on Drugs. PMID- 3900910 TI - [Care for orphaned children without relatives in World War II]. PMID- 3900911 TI - [Child and maternal welfare]. PMID- 3900912 TI - [Echographic and scintigraphic diagnosis of common bile duct cysts in children]. PMID- 3900913 TI - [A working classification for sepsis of the newborn infant]. PMID- 3900914 TI - [Infectious diseases in children and their prevention in World War II]. PMID- 3900915 TI - [1st children's hospital in Russia]. PMID- 3900916 TI - [History of the 1st Pediatric Department at the Leningrad Institute of Advanced Medical Training]. PMID- 3900917 TI - [Gastrointestinal allergies in children]. PMID- 3900918 TI - [Role of biologically active substances in the pathogenesis of the allergic component of pseudotuberculosis in children]. PMID- 3900919 TI - [Diseases with hereditary predispositions]. PMID- 3900920 TI - Lateral eye-movement responses to visual stimuli. AB - The association of left lateral eye-movement with emotionality or arousal of affect and of right lateral eye-movement with cognitive/interpretive operations and functions was investigated. Participants were junior and senior students enrolled in an undergraduate course in developmental psychology. There were 37 women and 13 men, ranging from 19 to 45 yr. of age. Using videotaped lateral eye movements of 50 participants' responses to 15 visually presented stimuli (precategorized as neutral, emotional, or intellectual), content and statistical analyses supported the association between left lateral eye-movement and emotional arousal and between right lateral eye-movement and cognitive functions. Precategorized visual stimuli included items such as a ball (neutral), gun (emotional), and calculator (intellectual). The findings are congruent with existing lateral eye-movement literature and also are additive by using visual stimuli that do not require the explicit response or implicit processing of verbal questioning. PMID- 3900921 TI - Biofeedback and gifted children: an initial investigation. AB - 37 intellectually gifted students were given a 15-min. training session in EMG frontalis biofeedback to determine its effectiveness for reduction of stress. While differences across sex in biofeedback training were not found, these highly able students significantly reduced their levels of tension. PMID- 3900922 TI - Systematic changes in perceptual reactance induced by physical fitness training. AB - The effect of life-change events on perceptual augmentation-reduction was studied in 72 subjects (40 men, 32 women). In three experiments the kinesthetic figural aftereffect was measured prior to and after either a physical fitness program, a course in yoga, or training in Transcendental Meditation. Each program lasted a minimum of 8 wk. Subjects completing fitness training, all of whom were initially classified as augmenters, became reducers by the end of their program. Subjects enrolled in yoga and meditation courses remained relatively stable in their perceptual tendencies. PMID- 3900923 TI - The role of the face in human emotion: first system or one of many? AB - Evidence relating to the hypothesis on facial feedback which ties the experience of discrete emotions to feedback from innately patterned facial expressions is discussed. Strong evidence is deduced for a more general form of the hypothesis, but the requirements of necessity and sufficiency representing the strictest form are only satisfied within narrow limits of experimental manipulations which are not common to all investigations. Evidence is deemed to support a relationship between facial expression and emotion, but facial expression is regarded as one of many systems and cannot be assigned an exclusive role (either as first system or as necessary system). PMID- 3900924 TI - Predictive testing in cancer chemotherapy. II. In vitro. AB - During the last thirty years several in vitro techniques have been developed to predict sensitivity of individual tumours. When the results of these techniques were correlated with the clinical response in larger groups of patients, the accuracy for predicting resistance was greater than for predicting sensitivity. Amongst the culture techniques the colony-forming assays have received much attention. Research with tumour cell lines and the sound biological basis do support this preference on other techniques. Studies on these assays have come from several independent laboratories, who report comparable results. Improvement of the culture technique and more insight into the in vitro pharmacology is needed, before application on wider scale is justified. Colony-forming culture techniques have not only been propagated for individualized chemotherapy, but also for drug screening. New antitumour agents and analogous can be screened in a short time for their sensitivity in many histologic tumour types. PMID- 3900925 TI - Ethylenediamine, profile of a sensitizing excipient. AB - Ethylenediamine is an excipient with many industrial and pharmaceutical uses. It is included in creams as a stabilizer and in aminophylline as the counter ion of theophylline. Ethylenediamine is one of the most frequent contact sensitizers, producing local and generalized reactions. Besides, many cases of systemically induced dermatitis have also been described both after oral, rectal and intravenous use. Inhalation of ethylenediamine or aminophylline dust may provoke rhinitis and asthmatic reactions. In contrast to these delayed reactions only one immediate reaction of the urticarial type after intravenous use has been described. Ethylenediamine shows cross-reactions with antihistamines of the ethylenediamine derivative group, with edetate, other amines, piperazine and hydroxyzine. Ethylenediamine shows a short half-life of about 0.55 h and a small volume of distribution of 0.133 l/kg. After oral administration its bioavailability is about 0.34, due to a substantial first-pass effect. Renal excretion of the unchanged substance amounts to only about 18% after intravenous and 3% after oral administration. It behaves independently from theophylline after administration of aminophylline. Good alternatives are now available for the pharmaceutical applications of ethylenediamine. Theophylline itself is well absorbed orally; for the intravenous administration the N-methylglucamine salt is sufficiently soluble. Suppositories containing pure theophylline are commercially available in some countries, but the experience with this product is relatively small. PMID- 3900926 TI - North Dakota State Board of Examiners. A report of historical highlights. PMID- 3900927 TI - Cloning of the chick hsp 90 cDNA in expression vector. AB - A cDNA clone for the 90kDa heat-shock protein, which we have recently identified as a component of steroid hormone receptors in their heteromeric 8S form, was isolated by direct immunological screening of a chicken smooth muscle cDNA expression library, prepared in the expression plasmids pUC8 and pUC9. Using polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies against the 90kDa protein a colony was identified that reacted with both antibodies. Plasmid 9.11 (p9.11, approximately 1100 base pair insert) was found to hybrid-select mRNA for the 90kDa heat-shock protein. Northern blot analysis revealed that RNA isolated from various chicken tissues contain a single transcript of approximately 3 Kb hybridizing to a [32P]labelled cDNA probe made from p9.11. Heat-shock treatment of chick embryonic fibroblasts resulted in increased steady-state levels of a 3 Kb transcript in both poly A+ and poly A- RNA fractions. Southern blot analysis of chicken genomic DNA indicated that the cDNA hybridizes to a single copy sequence. Sequence data show that the p9.11 cDNA displays a high degree of homology with the 5' portion of yeast heat shock protein 90 cDNA. PMID- 3900928 TI - Comparison of two yeast invertase genes: conservation of the upstream regulatory region. AB - The yeast genome contains a dispersed family of invertase structural genes (SUC1 SUC5, SUC7). Five of these genes are located very close to telomeres and are flanked by large regions of homologous sequence; recombination between telomeres could account for the dispersal of these SUC genes to different chromosomes. The SUC2 locus, in contrast, is not near a telomere and does not share large regions of flanking homology with the other loci. We examine here the relationship between SUC2 and one of the telomeric genes, SUC7. Sequence comparison revealed homology extending from about position -624 to +1791, which is close to the end of the mRNA. The 5' noncoding sequence includes two highly conserved regions: the region between -140 and +1, which contains the TATA box and presumably other promoter elements, and a second region extending from -508 to -400, which corresponds to the upstream regulatory region. PMID- 3900929 TI - Interaction of unfolded tRNA with the 3'-terminal region of E. coli 16S ribosomal RNA. AB - Fragments of tRNA possessing a free TpsiC-loop or a free D-loop form stable complexes with the colicin fragment (1494-1542) of 16S ribosomal RNA from E. coli. The colicin fragment does not bind to tRNA in which the T-loop and the D loop are involved in tertiary interactions. Colicin cleavage of the 16S rRNA from E. coli is inhibited by aminoacyl-tRNA or tRNA fragments, indicating that a similar interaction may take place on the intact 70S ribosomes. The oligonucleotide d(G-T-T-C-G-A)homologous to the conserved sequence G-T-psi-C-Pu (m1)A in the TpsiC-region of many elongator tRNAs binds to the conserved sequence U-C-G-mU-A-A-C (1495-1501) of the 16S rRNA. It is suggested that the 3'-end of the 16S rRNA may provide the part of the binding site for the elongator tRNAs on bacterial ribosomes. PMID- 3900930 TI - Specific ribosomal RNA recognition by a fragment of E. coli ribosomal protein S4 missing the C-terminal 36 amino acid residues. AB - We have previously investigated the role of the N-terminal region of ribosomal protein S4 to participate in 30S ribosome assembly and function (1-3). In this report we extend these studies to the two fragments produced by the chemical cleavage of protein S4 at the tryptophan residue 167. We find that the carboxyl terminal fragment (168-203) does not bind 16S RNA nor does it participate in assembly with the other 20 proteins from the 30S ribosome. In contrast, the larger fragment (1-167), does bind 16S RNA specifically. If the S4-fragment (1 167) is used to replace protein S4 in the complete 30S assembly reaction, all 20 of the other 30S proteins are incorporated. We conclude that the carboxyl terminal section of the protein S4 is not directly involved in binding 16S RNA or in the assembly of any of the other 30S proteins. PMID- 3900931 TI - Effects of relaxation on anxiety in children: implications for coping with stress. AB - Although research shows that relaxation has the potential to reduce stress and anxiety in adults, there is little evidence to support this effect in children. This study examined the effects of relaxation on anxiety in 46 second-grade children in two classrooms. A nonequivalent control group design was strengthened by providing relaxation treatment to the control group after the second measure of anxiety. A third measure of anxiety was then given to both classes. The children were not significantly different with respect to sex, age, and initial anxiety. Although the main hypothesis was not supported (at p less than .05), a reduction in anxiety resulted for both classes after they completed the program. Subgroup analyses showed a significant treatment effect with the group receiving relaxation exhibiting less anxiety than the control group. This finding indicates that relaxation may be learned by children and may be beneficial in coping with stress. PMID- 3900932 TI - Prediction of patient attrition from experimental behavioral interventions. AB - Attrition of patients in treatment and control was compared for loss from the study and loss from care. Previously diagnosed hypertensive patients who were under treatment but out of control (diastolic blood pressure greater than 90 and systolic blood pressure greater than 140 mm Hg) were assigned to conventional care or to an experimental nursing intervention group. The intervention involved eight visits covering a 6-month period. Attrition from the study for the experimental group was defined as completion of four or fewer experimental sessions; for the control group it was defined as making no visits to a treatment center during a 6-month posttest observation period. Attrition from care by the facilities where the study was conducted was defined as no visits to these sources of care during a 1 1/2-year follow-up period. More controls than experimentals were lost from the study. No differences could be found between patients lost from the study and those lost from both the study and care. A logistic regression was used to predict attrition. The four significant predictor variables were: perceived difficulty in following a diet, knowledge of disease, perceived severity of symptoms, and the experimental condition. The study showed: social psychological variables, important predictors of attrition, should be used to identify patients at risk of leaving care for their chronic diseases. PMID- 3900933 TI - The designs and methods of published nursing research: 1956-1983. AB - This study describes the relative frequencies over time of designs and methods used in nursing research articles published in three refereed journals. All articles published in 1956, 1961, 1966, 1971, 1976, 1981, and 1983 were reviewed (N = 434); 83% were research articles. Methodological research comprised 11% and historical research 1% of the 362 research articles. The designs of the remaining 317 research reports were classified as experimental (27%) or observational (73%). Use of experimental designs peaked in the mid-1960s (41%) and appears to be on the decline (20% in 1983). Cross-sectional studies predominated throughout the period (49%). Methods, including types of subjects, sample selection, and data collection instruments, are described and analyzed for time trends. The findings are discussed in light of the designs and methods advocated in nursing texts and literature. PMID- 3900934 TI - New medicine or old tricks? PMID- 3900935 TI - Florence Nightingale: a multifaceted personality. PMID- 3900936 TI - Antenatal diagnostic tests. PMID- 3900937 TI - [Sarcoidosis and the heart]. PMID- 3900938 TI - [Hyperventilation syndromes in internal diseases. I. Introduction, pathophysiology and diseases with hyperventilation]. PMID- 3900939 TI - [Does fibronectin have a role in pulmonary pathology?]. PMID- 3900940 TI - [Effect of treatment with cimetidine and ranitidine on biological availability and circulatory effects of propranolol]. PMID- 3900941 TI - [Effect of glucocorticoids on bone tissue]. PMID- 3900942 TI - [Interaction between vasopressin and the renin-angiotensin system]. PMID- 3900943 TI - [Cyclosporin A as an immunosuppressive drug used after kidney transplantation]. PMID- 3900944 TI - Bacterial infection in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome of children. AB - We have followed 46 children with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related complex. Twenty-six patients had at least one episode of serious bacterial infection. Twenty-seven episodes of sepsis were documented in 21 patients. Soft tissue infection was common in both the presence and the absence of documented bacteremia. Urinary tract infection commonly presented as worsening diarrhea in the absence of sepsis. Organisms commonly isolated included Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Salmonella sp. Staphylococcal infection accompanied episodes of cellulitis/abscess. Escherichia coli commonly caused urinary tract infection in the absence of sepsis. Enteric and nosocomial sepsis was limited to hospitalized, instrumented patients or to individuals who had received prior antibiotic therapy as outpatients. We conclude that bacterial infection causes serious morbidity in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related complex and may be further evidence for altered humoral immunity in the disorder. PMID- 3900945 TI - Efficacy of bone marrow, blood, stool and duodenal contents cultures for bacteriologic confirmation of typhoid fever in children. AB - The relative efficacy of cultures made from duodenal contents (obtained by string capsules), bone marrow, blood and rectal swab was compared in 118 pediatric patients, 2 to 13 years old with suspected typhoid fever. Only 47% of children 2 to 6 years old tolerated the string device, as compared with 89% in children 7 to 13 years old (P less than 0.05). The four culture techniques were performed and at least one was positive for Salmonella typhi in 43 patients. Bone marrow cultures were positive in 84% of the confirmed cases, a sensitivity significantly greater than for duodenal contents (42%), blood (44%) and stool (65%) cultures. Higher recovery rates for blood cultures were found during the first week of illness than later (70 vs. 22%). Bone marrow cultures remain the most effective method for the recovery of S. typhi. Stool cultures appear to be more effective in children than in adults. Duodenal contents cultures offer little advantage in young (2 to 6 years old) children. PMID- 3900946 TI - Cefotaxime therapy of neonatal gram-negative bacillary meningitis. AB - Seven neonates were treated with cefotaxime during eight episodes of Gram negative bacillary meningitis and sepsis. The causative organisms were Escherichia coli in six cases and Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter sakazakii in one each. After identification of the pathogen cefotaxime was used alone in six instances. Two patients with brain abscesses received adjunctive therapy with another antibiotic. The sterility of cerebrospinal fluid was documented after a mean of 3.3 days of therapy. Mean cerebrospinal fluid bactericidal titer was 1:64. All patients recovered with good neurologic outcome. Cefotaxime in a dosage of 150 mg/kg/day divided every 6 hours intravenously seems safe and effective therapy for neonatal Gram-negative bacillary meningitis. PMID- 3900947 TI - The treatment of tuberculosis in children. PMID- 3900948 TI - Intrauterine infection with Ureaplasma urealyticum as a cause of fatal neonatal pneumonia. PMID- 3900949 TI - Long-acting penicillins: historical perspectives. AB - For the more than three decades since benzathine penicillin G was discovered it remains unique as the only antibiotic formulation that can provide serum drug concentrations for several weeks following a single intramuscular injection. Benzathine penicillin G has withstood the test of time as the ideal drug to treat early, infectious syphilis and to prevent and treat Group A streptococcal infections. It has proved to be extraordinarily effective for the prevention of rheumatic fever recurrences and is a major reason for the marked reduction in the morbidity and mortality in countries where carefully monitored prophylaxis programs have been established. PMID- 3900950 TI - Benzathine penicillin G for treatment of group A streptococcal pharyngitis: a reappraisal in 1985. PMID- 3900951 TI - [Prions--the pathogens causing slow infections]. PMID- 3900952 TI - [Value of ultrasonic diagnosis of jaundice]. PMID- 3900953 TI - [Computer-assisted physician's selection of drugs]. PMID- 3900954 TI - [Scientific activities of the Institute of Tuberculosis during 35 years of its existence]. PMID- 3900955 TI - [Effect of oxygen therapy on pulmonary hypertension in chronic obstructive lung diseases]. PMID- 3900956 TI - [Value of studies of the pulmonary circulation in respiratory tract diseases]. PMID- 3900957 TI - [35th anniversary of the Institute of Tuberculosis]. PMID- 3900958 TI - [Comparative usefulness of radioimmunological and immunofluorescent methods for detection of thyroid antimicrosomal antibodies]. PMID- 3900959 TI - [A schedule of diagnostic procedures in a case of suspected primary hyperparathyroidism]. PMID- 3900960 TI - Pathology in Greece. PMID- 3900961 TI - Plasma antioxidant potency and serum copper levels in atherosclerosis. AB - Blood plasma of patients with arteriosclerosis obliterans and diabetes showed a higher antioxidant potency as compared with plasma of healthy volunteers. Serum copper level in those patients was also elevated, but on the contrary to healthy subjects no correlation between serum copper level and plasma antioxidant potency was found. Similar changes were observed in rabbits fed four weeks with atherogenic diet. Administration of vitamin E increased plasma antioxidant potency, however, only in the patients suffering from arteriosclerosis obliterans with high regime of dosage of vitamin E (3 X 200 mg daily p.o.). N-ethylmaldimide stimulated (malondialdehyde (MDA)) generation by washed platelets was suppressed by addition of homologous plasma to washed platelet preparation. Preincubation of rat aortic tissue with plasma from healthy volunteers resulted in an increase in PGI2-biosynthesis b 75%. We were not able to demonstrate the antioxidant activity of aortic endothelial cell homogenates. We conclude that antioxidant properties of plasma may play an important role in protection of serum lipids against autooxidation. Antioxidant ability of plasma is not exclusively correlated with plasma copper or ceruloplasmin level. PMID- 3900962 TI - [Tissue reaction to the intraneural introduction of absorbable and non-absorbable microsurgical sutures]. AB - Significance of suture material in microchirurgical operations of nerves was the base of comparative experimental research on sutures and the reaction of tissues around the suture in early and late period. Commonly employed monophilous polyester and polyamid sutures of 9/0, 10/0 were used, as well as prototype multifilament polyester threads covered with polyurethane, and polyglicol acid threads Dexon. In the group where Dexon threads were used, 7 days after the operation the microscopic picture was the same as in the group where polyester and polyamid threads Ethilon were used. 30 days after operation the Dexon sutures changed in coloration and underwent fragmentation, after 180 days they could not be found in histological preparations. Basing on the studies it can be maintained that the use of Dexon microsurgical sutures may be a further advancement in perfecting microsurgical methods in nerve and vascular sutures. PMID- 3900963 TI - [Active metabolites of anti-arrhythmia drugs]. PMID- 3900964 TI - [Chemical compounds forming complex combinations with heparin]. PMID- 3900965 TI - [Pulmonary complications in acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 3900966 TI - They relied on Dr Gunn. PMID- 3900967 TI - The effects of neomycin and oxytetracycline alone or combined upon the incidence of salmonellosis in broiler chickens. AB - Chickens were orally inoculated with Salmonella typhimurium and fed rations medicated with either 200 g/ton neomycin sulfate, 200 g/ton oxytetracycline, or a combination of 200 g/ton neomycin sulfate plus 200 g/ton oxytetracycline for 16 days. The incidence of salmonellosis was lower in chickens fed the combined antibiotics, and the numbers of viable S. typhimurium in feces were significantly fewer than in chickens receiving only one antibiotic. Chickens fed the combination also gained significantly more weight on less feed than those fed only one antibiotic. PMID- 3900968 TI - Modification of growth and development of muscles of poultry. AB - Growth curves of selected and unselected lines of broilers and Japanese quail show that chicks respond to selection for 8-week or 4-week body mass, respectively, by increasing the exponential growth rate during the first 2 weeks after hatching. Comparative studies indicate that growth rate varies among species of birds according to adult body mass, developmental maturity of the chick at hatching, and the postnatal growth increments of the skeletal muscles of the legs. Differentiation of tissues leading to mature function apparently precludes embryonic function and decreases proliferation and growth. Precocial species, such as the domestic fowl, grow only one-quarter as fast, on average, as altricial species of the same size, whose chicks are less mature at hatching and depend more on parental care for food, warmth, and protection. Among precocial species, those whose legs have the smallest postnatal growth increments grow most rapidly overall. The domestic fowl is among the slowest growing of precocial species. Although diet quality may limit growth rate, this should not be a factor in selection programs, because high quality diets can be provided. Rate of food assimilation apparently also is limiting, but it can be increased experimentally by force feeding and presumably is sufficiently selectable so as not to limit breeding programs designed to increase growth rate. The response of broilers and quail to selection of body mass apparently affects the rate of proliferation of skeletal muscles during the early posthatching period. Muscle quality is not affected. There is inconclusive evidence of a shift in muscle cell nuclei from differentiated to proliferative pools in selected lines. Furthermore, selected broilers apparently are less capable than unselected chicks of generating body heat, which requires functional skeletal muscle during the first week posthatching. Growth performance of broilers might be increased beyond present levels by selecting directly for reduced or delayed maturity (e.g., thermogenesis, flight) of chicks during the first 2 weeks and by selecting smaller legs in adult birds. Any attempt to formulate a selection program on these ideas would require additional basic research and might be thwarted by economic considerations or by offsetting selection caused by phenotypic responses that strain certain functional relationships in the growing chick. PMID- 3900969 TI - Microstructure and biochemistry of avian muscle and its relevance to meat processing industries. AB - This review is an attempt to summarize information concerning the gross and microscopic anatomy of avian muscle. In addition, specific proteins found in muscle tissue such as the troponins, tropomyosin, alpha- and beta-actinin, desmin, vimentin, myomesin, and creatine kinase are described. The role of protein synthesis and degradation, leading to net protein accumulation in growing animals, is addressed. It is thought that learning to decrease the rate of protein degradation would have immense economic significance. Satellite cells are mentioned as some of these cells fuse with muscle cells to become true muscle nuclei. Understanding the mechanism by which the nuclei of satellite cells differentiate into muscle nuclei could lead to a practical means of increasing protein synthesis within muscle tissue. Finally, postmortem biochemistry is discussed to show how the pH of muscle tissue interacts with environmental temperature to affect the final tenderness of the product. PMID- 3900970 TI - Deep pectoral myopathy: a penalty of successful selection for muscle growth. AB - Deep pectoral myopathy (DPM) is a disease that affects commercial poultry selected for large breast muscle development. The muscle affected by the disease is the supracoracoid muscle and usually one side of the breast musculature atrophies. The necrotic muscle has a characteristic pale green color. Heavy breeds of turkeys and broilers can be induced to show DPM by electrical stimulation of the breast muscle itself or by vigorous wing flapping; older birds are more susceptible. The cause of DPM is a fascial compartment too small to accommodate the enclosed supracoracoid muscle during vigorous exercise when the muscle increases its weight (and overall size) by about 20%. The inelastic compartment essentially strangulates the swollen, activated muscle. A possible means of correcting DPM is to train or exercise the flight muscles during the rapid growth phase of chicks or poults. Feed, for example, could be positioned above floor level so that birds would have to flutter up to reach it. There is also evidence to suggest a genetic component to the disease. Hence, an indicator such as high plasma creatine kinase levels may be used as a selection criterion. PMID- 3900971 TI - Laying performances, egg composition, and glucose tolerance of genetically lean or fat meat-type breeders. AB - Genetically fat and lean breeders were compared for laying performance and glucose tolerance. Laying females were fed ad libitum or restricted (85% ad libitum). Ad libitum-fed fat breeder hens (FL) were lighter and produced lighter eggs than lean hens (LL). However, the yolk percentage of the egg and yolk output were higher in FL. Differences in the glucose-insulin balance were consistently observed between lines in females at 203 and 326 days and in males at 203 days of age. The FL birds displayed lower plasma glucose and higher plasma insulin concentrations for a given plasma glucose level. Feed restriction reduced egg output, yolk output, yolk lipids, and plasma insulin levels during glucose tolerance in females at 326 days of age. Therefore, the glucose-insulin imbalance previously described in young FL birds persists in adults. The enhanced propensity of the FL to synthesize and deposit lipids also affects vitellogenesis. Insulin is also implicated in vitellogenesis. PMID- 3900972 TI - Sonographic demonstration of fetal sacrococcygeal teratoma. AB - Six cases of sonographically diagnosed fetal sacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT) are presented and illustrate the variable features of fetal SCT. The sonographic findings assisted the parents and perinatal team in making decisions, and in two of the cases the children survived after elective Cesarean section and prompt neonatal resection of the tumors. None of the patients showed signs of malignant degeneration of the teratoma or metastases. Fetal SCT no longer should be considered a uniformly fatal condition. The literature on sacrococcygeal teratoma detected after birth indicates that the mortality rate is correlated with the degree of extension of the tumor. Therefore, the classification of sonographically diagnosed fetal SCT according to its size and position is important for decisions regarding pregnancy management. PMID- 3900973 TI - The fetal behavioural states: an ultrasonic study. AB - In order to accurately detect the fetal behavioural state, we simultaneously measured fetal heart rate and multiple fetal activities in 27 healthy pregnant women at 38 to 40 weeks of gestation. We ultrasonically identified gross body movements, breathing movements and micturition. Analysis of fetal heart rate allowed us to distinguish two different patterns of fetal behaviour: active and quiet phases. The frequency distribution of the analysed fetal events was significantly different in these two phases. These data suggest that a complete biophysical profile of the fetus is effective in differentiating behavioural states and may improve the predictive accuracy of fetal heart rate analysis alone. PMID- 3900974 TI - [Reye's syndrome]. PMID- 3900975 TI - A randomized trial of aspirin and beta-carotene among U.S. physicians. AB - The Physicians' Health Study is a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial underway in the United States to assess the effects of aspirin (325 mg q.o.d.) on total cardiovascular mortality, and of beta-carotene (50 mg q.o.d.) on cancer incidence. The participants are 22,071 U.S. male physicians between the ages of 40-84 years. The design of the study is 2 x 2 factorial, which enables us to address two important research questions simultaneously. The trial is conducted entirely by mail, which involves sending calendar packs of drugs and questionnaires on health status and compliance, initially at six-month then at annual intervals. Compliance and follow-up rates to date are excellent. The large size of the trial, its simple design, and the use of highly motivated, dedicated, and health-conscious physicians should allow us to perform definitive tests of whether low-dose aspirin consumption reduces total cardiovascular mortality and beta-carotene decreases cancer incidence in a healthy population. PMID- 3900976 TI - [Comparison of the aspartase activity and its stability in Escherichia coli cells immobilized on polyacrylamide gel and carrageenan]. AB - The conditions for immobilization of Escherichia coli cells (Soviet strain 85) on the natural polysaccharide carrier carrageenan (Soviet-made) were investigated and kinetic regularities of the aspartase reaction catalysed by immobilized in carrageenan cells of E. coli 85 were established. The conditions for retaining a high aspartase activity and stability of biocatalysts based on the E. coli 85 cells immobilized in PAAG and carrageenan were determined using full-loaded tanks for continuous synthesis of L-aspartic acid. The time-stable aspartase activity of the biocatalyst can be increased by treating the beads of the catalyst with bifunctional reagents (hexamethylenediamine, glutaraldehyde), the most active catalyst for the biotechnological synthesis of L-aspartic acid being obtained when carrageenan is used. PMID- 3900977 TI - [Isolation and study of the properties of the hemagglutinins produced by Streptomyces badius actinomycetes]. AB - Hemagglutinin inducing polyagglutination of erythrocytes in the presence of the group blood sera was isolated from the supernatant of the culture fluid of Streptomyces badius 0626 by precipitation with ammonium sulfate and subsequent chromatography on Sephadex. Hemagglutinin proved to be a protein containing no lipid or carbohydrate components and possessing no bacterioagglutinating ability. Examination of the culture fluid supernatants of 150 cultures did not reveal any strains definitely exhibiting the transformation capability for human blood groups. PMID- 3900978 TI - [Blood levels of thyroid hormones, insulin and cortisol in children with retardation of physical development in malnutrition]. AB - The content of thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), insulin and cortisol was studied in the blood of children with growth retardation A 60%-increase in T3 concentrations was detected whereas T4 levels remained unchanged. Insulin concentration in the blood reduced by 62%, this being an early indicator of changes in anabolic processes. Cortisol levels decreased by 25% as well. The results suggest that changes in hormone levels in children with growth retardation are associated with adaptation reactions of the body. PMID- 3900979 TI - [Use of divascan in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy]. AB - Divascan (iprasochrome), a drug designed by GDR pharmacologists, brings about a positive effect in the management of diabetic microangiopathies, particularly at early stages. Altogether 22 patients with diabetes mellitus, types I and II, were on divascan therapy. Before and after treatment the patients were subjected to clinical and ophthalmoscopic studies including the determination of microcirculation in the conjunctiva, renal function, the level of serotonin, its precursors and the main metabolite. The optimal dose of divascan is 7.5-10 mg/day, the period of therapy not less than 3 months followed by the use of maintenance doses. The drug produces no side effects. PMID- 3900980 TI - [Effect of a cyclic luliberin analog on ovulation]. AB - A study was made of the cyclic LH-RH analog and its linear precursor on infantile and mature female rats. The compounds showed various biological properties which manifested themselves in their effects on ovulation. The linear analog proved to be an antagonist and the cyclic analog the LH-RH agonist. A hypothesis to the effect that the LH-RH biologically active conformation has a quasicyclic structure, has been confirmed. PMID- 3900981 TI - [Effect of gonadectomy and luliberin on the gonadotropic function of the hypophysis in Papio hamadryas]. AB - A comparative study was made of the effect of LH-RH on the hypophyseal reactivity in intact and castrated male papio hamadryas. Hypophysis gonadotropic function was evaluated by the content of the biologically active luteinizing hormone in the peripheral blood plasma which was determined by an in-vitro biological method. Bilateral gonadectomy caused an increase in the luteinizing hormone concentration by an average of 600% in this species of apes. The hormone level got stable at maximum values in the course of 3 days. After administration of exogenous LH-RH the maximum LH concentration both in intact and castrated animals was recorded 30 min after the administration of a hypothalamic mediator. Basal and LH-RH stimulated values of the LH concentration were higher in castrated apes. However the period of a hormone concentration increase in the peripheral blood of intact animals exceeds the response time in castrated males. The authors discuss possible mechanisms of change in the hypophyseal reactivity to LH-RH under conditions of surgical disconnection of testicle function. PMID- 3900982 TI - [Lesions of the gastrointestinal tract in diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 3900984 TI - [Phthisiologists of the Ukrainian SSR in World War II]. PMID- 3900983 TI - [Endocrine function of the pancreas in tumors of the chiasmal-sellar region]. AB - A clinicobiochemical study of 10 patients with tumors of the chiasmal sellar region and 8 healthy persons using the i. v. glucose tolerance test (IGTT) made it possible to reveal disorder of pancreatic alpha- and beta-cell function in the patients with tumors. A distinct picture of the chiasmal sellar process with the involved hypothalamus was clinically determined in all the patients. Radioimmunoassay of immunoreactive insulin, glucagon, C-peptide and glucose revealed fasting hyperinsulinemia in the presence of both hypo- and hyperglycemia. The latter was accompanied by a raised level of glucagon in the blood. The IGTT revealed in the patients with tumors of the chiasmal sellar region hyperreactivity of beta-cells and a decrease in the sensitivity of alpha cells to glucose as well as glucose tolerance that may be both regarded as pathogenetic factors of the development of a prediabetic condition in such patients. PMID- 3900985 TI - [Experience in the prevention of lung diseases in World War II]. PMID- 3900986 TI - [Tuberculosis and its prevention in the USSR in World War II]. PMID- 3900987 TI - [Current concepts on the biochemistry of bronchial secretions in normal conditions and in diseases of the bronchopulmonary system]. PMID- 3900988 TI - [Organization of antituberculous measures in the Red Army in World War II]. PMID- 3900989 TI - [Radionuclide methods in the evaluation of the status of the lungs after surgery in patients with tuberculosis]. PMID- 3900990 TI - [Detection of aspergillosis among patients with lung diseases]. PMID- 3900991 TI - [Effectiveness of the treatment of patients with various clinico-roentgenological manifestations of disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 3900992 TI - [Experimental study of BCG-M vaccine with a lowered antigen dose]. PMID- 3900993 TI - [Chronic bronchitis: clinical aspects]. PMID- 3900994 TI - [Activity of proteolytic enzymes and their inhibitors in the bronchoalveolar contents of patients with sarcoidosis of the respiratory organs]. PMID- 3900995 TI - [Efficacy of specific chemotherapy combined with amben in newly diagnosed cases of destructive pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 3900996 TI - [Results of bacterioscopy of unstained smears of the contents of a pulmonary tuberculoma in indirect light]. PMID- 3900997 TI - [A. A. Kisel' (on the 125th anniversary of his birth)]. PMID- 3900998 TI - The trials of ECT. AB - Since its introduction in 1934, electroconvulsive therapy has been subjected to a large number of clinical trials of varying methodological sophistication. Although doubts continue to be expressed about the efficacy of ECT, there is a remarkable degree of unanimity in the findings of trials published over a period of 50 years: improvement rates in depression of 70-80 per cent, compared with 20 30 per cent in untreated controls. The principal caveat is that ECT is not a ubiquitous treatment, even in the field of depression, and only patients with endogenous illnesses, whether unipolar or bipolar, can be expected to respond. Even among these, ECT cannot be expected to prevent the relapses in an illness whose underlying course is episodic. The published studies leave little doubt that ECT is statistically more effective than any of the antidepressant drugs, although the relative difference in outcome between the 2 forms of therapy is small, and drugs are to be preferred in mild or moderate cases. However, ECT is an effective and rapidly acting treatment for severe depressive illness, and the rapidity of the response makes its early use desirable in patients at risk of suicide, and those showing marked retardation, agitation and weight loss. PMID- 3900999 TI - Frequency of damage to and need for repairs of removable dentures. PMID- 3901000 TI - DNA sequence of the lactose operon: the lacA gene and the transcriptional termination region. AB - The lac operon of Escherichia coli spans approximately 5300 base pairs and includes the lacZ, lacY, and lacA genes in addition to the operator, promoter, and transcription termination regions. We report here the sequence of the lacA gene and the region distal to it, confirming the sequence of thiogalactoside transacetylase and completing the sequence of the lac operon. The lacA gene is characterized by use of rare codons, suggesting an origin from a plasmid, transposon, or virus gene. UUG is the translation initiation codon. A preliminary examination of 3' end of the lac messenger in the region distal to the lacA gene indicates several endpoints. A predominant one is located at the 3' end of a G + C-rich hairpin structure, which may be involved in termination of transcription or in post-transcriptional processing. An open reading frame of 702 base pairs is present on the complementary strand downstream from lacA. PMID- 3901001 TI - Cleavage of cruciform DNA structures by an activity from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - Protein extracts from Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been fractionated to reveal a nuclease activity that cleaves cruciform structures in DNA. Negatively supercoiled plasmids that contain inverted repeats that are extruded into cruciform structures have been used as DNA substrates. The sites of cleavage of pColIR215 DNA are located within the extruded cruciform stems and are symmetrically opposed to each other across the cruciform junction. Neither relaxed duplex DNA nor single-stranded DNA serve as substrates. The native molecular weight of the activity was estimated to be approximately equal to 200,000 by gel filtration. PMID- 3901002 TI - Isolation of the human insulin-like growth factor genes: insulin-like growth factor II and insulin genes are contiguous. AB - Overlapping recombinant clones that encompass the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) I and II genes have been isolated from a human genomic DNA library. Each gene is present once per haploid genome; the IGF-I gene spans greater than 35 kilobase pairs (kbp) and the IGF-II gene is at least 15 kbp. The exon-intron organization of these genes is similar, each having four exons, which is one more than the related insulin gene. Comparison of the restriction endonuclease cleavage maps of the IGF-II and insulin genes, including their flanking regions and hybridization with an IGF-II cDNA probe, revealed that they are adjacent to one another. The IGF-II and insulin genes have the same polarity and are separated by 12.6 kbp of intergenic DNA that includes a dispersed middle repetitive Alu sequence. The order of the genes is 5'-insulin-IGF-II-3'. PMID- 3901003 TI - A developmentally regulated mRNA from 3T3 adipocytes encodes a novel serine protease homologue. AB - We previously have isolated cDNA clones for several mRNAs that increase in abundance during the differentiation of 3T3 adipocytes but whose physiological role is unknown. We show here that a mRNA that is complementary to one of these clones and encodes a protein of 28 kDa is expressed abundantly in mouse fat pads but not in several other mouse tissues. Sequence analysis of the corresponding cDNA clone indicated that the encoded protein shows 30% overall amino acid homology to several serine proteases including trypsin, chymotrypsin, and elastase. Homology is much higher (64%) between the 28-kDa protein and regions that are strongly conserved among the members of the serine protease family. The derived protein also has key features characteristic of active serine proteases, including the histidine, aspartic acid, and serine residues, which comprise the charge relay system, and a potential cleavage site for activation of the zymogen. Primer extension analysis performed to obtain the sequence of the 5' end of mRNA that encodes the 28-kDa protein indicates that two forms of this mRNA exist and probably arise through alternative splicing. The two mRNAs encode signal sequences that differ by the deletion of one amino acid near the predicted cleavage site of the signal peptide. These results demonstrate that adipocyte differentiation is accompanied by the expression of mRNA encoding a serine protease homologue that can be synthesized with two different signal peptides. PMID- 3901004 TI - Aleurain: a barley thiol protease closely related to mammalian cathepsin H. AB - We have isolated and sequenced a 1400-base-pair cDNA derived from gibberellic acid-treated aleurone cell mRNA. This sequence contains an open reading frame that would code for a protein of 361 amino acids. The carboxyl-terminal two thirds of the predicted amino acid sequence is closely related to that of the rat lysosomal thiol protease cathepsin H; the initial 143 amino acids may code for a secretory peptide plus a prosegment. The expression of this aleurone thiol protease mRNA is unusual in that, in aleurone cells, its abundance is regulated by the plant hormones gibberellic acid and abscisic acid, but it is also expressed at high levels in leaf and root tissue. This protease may represent the equivalent of a plant lysosomal thiol protease. PMID- 3901005 TI - In vivo prevention of thyroid and pancreatic autoimmunity in the BB rat by antibody to class II major histocompatibility complex gene products. AB - Evidence is accumulating that the development of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus involves autoimmune phenomena, both in the human and in the BB rat model. A strong association is observed in both cases with alleles of the class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Results of the present study show that autoimmune phenomena, as assessed by the presence of clinical diabetes or histological thyroiditis, are prevented by the injection of monoclonal antibodies to class II gene products in the BB rat. Immunosuppression was specifically obtained with a monoclonal antibody to the murine I-E equivalent, as opposed to the murine I-A equivalent, of the rat major histocompatibility complex. This represents indirect evidence for I-E subregion control of immune responses to islet cell and thyroid antigens in the BB rat model. The frequent occurrence of anaphylactic type deaths in young (1 month old) animals receiving more than six weekly injections of partially purified homologous (rat) monoclonal antibodies to rat class II gene products underscores the potential risks of this type of immunotherapy. The presumed immunologic mechanism (IgE antibody) and its specificity (anti-allotype, anti-idiotype, or anti-impurity) must be clarified to assess the risks and feasibility of this type of therapy. PMID- 3901006 TI - Transferrin gene expression visualized in oligodendrocytes of the rat brain by using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. AB - The presence and production of transferrin in the adult rat brain have been investigated using both immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization in tissue sections. Indirect immunofluorescence with four distinct antisera against rat and human transferrin and one monoclonal antibody against human transferrin demonstrated labeling of the cytoplasm of oligodendrocytes (a category of glial cells) in most parts of the brain, especially in the white matter. In situ hybridization using rat transferrin 32P-labeled cDNA as a probe revealed the presence of transferrin mRNA in glial cells whose appearance, distribution, and organization exactly matched those of the cells decorated with the transferrin antibodies. These results provide evidence that the transferrin gene is expressed in the central nervous system and that transferrin is synthesized by and stored within oligodendrocytes in the adult rat brain. These data suggest that this molecule could have a specific function in nervous system activity. PMID- 3901007 TI - Site-specific mutagenesis of histidine residues in the lac permease of Escherichia coli. AB - The lacY gene of Escherichia coli, which encodes the lac permease, has been modified by oligonucleotide-directed, site-specific mutagenesis such that each of the four histidine residues in the molecule is replaced with an arginine residue. Replacement of histidine-35 and histidine-39 with arginine has no apparent effect on permease activity. In contrast, replacement of either histidine-205 or histidine-322 by arginine causes a dramatic loss of transport activity, although the cells contain a normal complement of permease molecules, as determined by immunoadsorption assays. Interestingly, although substitution of histidine-205 or histidine-322 by arginine results in the loss of ability to catalyze active lactose transport, permease molecules with arginine at residue 322 appear to facilitate downhill lactose movements at high concentrations of the disaccharide. The results provide strong support for the contention that histidine residues in the lac permease play an important role in the coupling between lactose and proton translocation. PMID- 3901008 TI - Cloning and characterization of a nonmuscle myosin heavy chain cDNA. AB - Despite many biochemical and structural similarities between muscle and nonmuscle myosins, their genes appear to have completely diverged, since muscle myosin molecular clones will not hybridize to RNA from nonmuscle sources. Here we report the isolation and characterization of a partial myosin heavy chain (MHC) cDNA clone from the slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum. We have isolated this clone from a lambda gt11 expression cDNA library by antibody screening. In contrast to the highly conserved sarcomeric muscle MHC multigene families in other organisms, there appears to be only one gene encoding MHC in the Dictyostelium genome. The cloned portion of this gene does not hybridize to the genomic DNAs of other eukaryotic organisms. Analysis of the predicted amino acid sequence of the partial Dictyostelium MHC clone shows that while there is no sequence homology to known striated muscle MHCs, the structure- and coiled-coil-forming capacities have been conserved. PMID- 3901009 TI - Microtubule distribution in cultured cells and intact tissues: improved immunolabeling resolution through the use of reversible embedment cytochemistry. AB - To investigate the detailed distributions of microtubules in cultured cells and intact tissues we developed a reversible embedment method for antibody labeling of sectioned material. Fixed tissues were infiltrated with fully polymerized polymethylmethacrylate dissolved in an organic solvent. Evaporation of the solvent left the tissue embedded in hard plastic. After sectioning by conventional methods, the plastic was extracted and sections were processed for indirect immunofluorescence to label microtubules. Clear images of microtubules were observed in sections of cultured epithelial cells, intact chick intestinal epithelium, and dividing sea urchin eggs. Microtubules in the differentiated epithelium of the chick intestine generally paralleled the long axis of the cells and did not focus on a microtubule-organizing center. Mitotic cells of the intestinal epithelium appeared similar to the mitotic cells of epithelial lines in culture. In sections of dividing sea urchin eggs detailed images of spindle and astral fibers were revealed. Immunoelectron microscopic labeling for tubulin was performed on sections of Pt K1 cells using secondary antibodies adsorbed to 20-nm gold particles. Semi-thick sections viewed by high-voltage electron microscopy showed both the overall distribution of microtubules and their detailed interactions with other cellular organelles. Mitochondria were often aligned along labeled microtubules. Reversible embedment cytochemistry should provide a general method for high resolution labeling of cells and tissues with affinity probes. PMID- 3901010 TI - Multiple forms of tubulin in the cilia and cytoplasm of Tetrahymena thermophila. AB - Most higher eukaryotic tubulins are separated into alpha- and beta-tubulin when electrophoresed in NaDodSO4- denaturing gels, while many lower eukaryotic tubulins are poorly resolved under these conditions, which include a stacking gel (pH 6.80) and a separating gel (pH 8.80). By lowering the pH of the separating gel to 8.25, we have found that tubulin isolated from the protozoan Tetrahymena thermophila is resolved by one-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis into two alpha-tubulins and one beta-tubulin. Moreover, at least five alpha- and two beta-tubulin isotypes are identified in Tetrahymena by isoelectric focusing and two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Three of these alpha isotypes and one beta isotype are found specifically in ciliary microtubules, while the other two isotypes are found only in the cytoplasmic tubulin pool that was isolated and induced to self-assemble into microtubules in vitro. Peptide mapping by limited proteolytic digestion indicates that the tubulins are closely related. Possible mechanisms for the generation and selection of these tubulin isotypes are discussed. PMID- 3901011 TI - Insulin, insulin-like growth factor II, and nerve growth factor effects on tubulin mRNA levels and neurite formation. AB - We have previously shown that insulin and the insulin-like growth factors share some important neurotrophic properties with nerve growth factor (NGF), including the capacity to enhance neurite formation. In this study, we have examined the effects of these neuritogenic agents on the expression of genes coding for important cytoskeletal proteins of axons and dendrites. Insulin specifically and coordinately increased the levels of alpha- and beta-tubulin mRNAs in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. The dose-response curves for these increases were very similar to that for enhancement of neurite formation. Tubulin transcripts reached a transient maximum in approximately 1 day, suggesting that higher levels are important during initiation of neurites and that high levels are not required to sustain neurites once formed. Insulin-like growth factor II shared with insulin the capacity to substantially increase tubulin mRNA levels. NGF had but a small effect. Complementary mechanisms for these neurotrophic agents are suggested, because other studies show NGF and insulin can synergistically potentiate neurite formation. None of the factors altered the levels of actin mRNA. Thus, neurite formation does not seem to require a coordinate increase in actin and tubulin transcripts in SH-SY5Y cells. PMID- 3901012 TI - Diversity among Purkinje cells in the monkey cerebellum. AB - A monoclonal antibody (B1) produced against rat embryonic forebrain membranes shows specific and striking immunohistochemical staining of Purkinje cells in the monkey cerebellum in a pattern of broad parasagittal alternating bands of cells either possessing or lacking the B1 antigen. In addition, the neurons of the deep cerebellar nuclei and some neurons of the motor cortex and of the spinal cord also contain the B1 antigen. Neurons with the B1 antigen were also seen in the somatosensory cortex, the vestibular and cochlear nuclei, and the retina. PMID- 3901013 TI - Membrane lipid modification and immune function. PMID- 3901014 TI - Neural and hormonal mechanisms regulating food intake. PMID- 3901015 TI - Pressor responsiveness in renal prehypertensive rabbits with a denervated kidney. AB - Norepinephrine was infused iv at several doses into four groups of conscious rabbits (six per group), and the pressor responses were recorded. The groups were 3-day sham-operated rabbits; 3-day, two-kidney rabbits with unilateral renal artery stenosis (RAS); 3-day, two-kidney rabbits with unilateral renal denervation; and 3-day, two-kidney rabbits with unilateral renal denervation plus RAS of the denervated kidney. The rabbits with RAS of an innervated kidney and those with RAS of a denervated kidney had the same pressor responses to norepinephrine, which were greater than the pressor responses in the sham operated rabbits or in the rabbits with a denervated kidney but without RAS. Four additional groups of similarly prepared rabbits were infused with norepinephrine at 800 ng/min/kg body wt, and mean arterial pressure and cardiac output were determined before and during norepinephrine infusion. The rabbits with RAS of an innervated or of a denervated kidney had greater increases in total peripheral resistance as well as in mean arterial pressure during norepinephrine infusion than did the two groups of rabbits without RAS. This indicated that the rabbits with RAS also had increased vascular responses to norepinephrine. The concentration of norepinephrine in six denervated kidneys was extremely low as compared to that of six innervated kidneys. Because renal denervation did not diminish pressor and vascular hyperresponsiveness in 3-day RAS rabbits, the signal that originates in the kidney following RAS and that results ultimately in pressor and vascular hyperresponsiveness is not mediated by renal nerves. PMID- 3901016 TI - Influence of spontaneous diabetes on tissue status of zinc, copper, and manganese in the BB Wistar rat. AB - The concentrations of zinc, copper, and manganese in liver, kidney, duodenum, pancreas, testes, bone, and serum from control and untreated, spontaneously diabetic BB Wistar rats were compared. Chronic insulin deficiency resulted in significant alterations in the concentrations of one or more of these essential micronutrients in several tissues. The amounts of zinc and copper bound to metallothionein in the liver and kidney of untreated spontaneously diabetic rats were also markedly increased. The tissue trace metal status in diabetic rats was altered similarly in both male and female rats. Daily injections of insulin blocked many of the changes in the tissue concentrations of the metals. The effects of spontaneous diabetes on tissue trace metal status are quite similar to those reported for chemically induced diabetes. Thus, these results demonstrate that chronic endocrine imbalance is responsible for a series of tissue specific changes in the transport and metabolism of zinc, copper, and manganese. PMID- 3901017 TI - On the mode of formation of beta-carbolines. PMID- 3901018 TI - Investigation into the substrate capacity of the acetaldehyde-tetrahydrofolate condensation product. PMID- 3901019 TI - Clinical implications of acetaldehyde adducts with hemoglobin. AB - Acetaldehyde has been found to form adducts with human hemoglobin, a portion of which (15-25%) are stable to dialysis. The reaction is nonenzymatic and occurs with purified hemoglobin A. As determined by incorporation of radioactivity, the amount of stable hemoglobin adducts formed is proportional to the amount of acetaldehyde to which hemoglobin is exposed, or to the number of intermittent pulses. Reaction of hemoglobin A with 3 to 30 mM acetaldehyde significantly increases the amount of minor hemoglobins recovered following chromatography on cation exchange resin. Acetaldehyde adducts with hemoglobin involve primarily the beta chain and at least three different amino acid residues (valine, lysine and tyrosine), and two modified residues (glucosyl-valine and glucosyl-lysine). The acetaldehyde appears to be reacting with the epsilon-amino group of lysine and alpha-amino group of valine probably through an initial Schiff's base reaction. The secondary amines of glycosylated valine or glycosylated lysine residues are also proposed to be at the sites of reaction with acetaldehyde. Disubstitution of amino groups is known to occur with hexose sugar (Schwartz, Gray 1977) and by analogy, acetaldehyde might also react with the secondary amine of glycosylated residues. Acetaldehyde adduct formation with tyrosine residues may involve either a nucleophilic attack by the third or fifth carbon of the phenolic ring, analogous to formaldehyde modification of proteins (Blass, Bizzini, Raynaud 1965) or alternatively by reaction with the hydroxyl group of tyrosine. Only a portion of the stable hemoglobin-acetaldehyde adducts which were stable to 24h of dialysis could be irreversibly fixed by sodium borohydride or cyanoborohydride reduction. A greater portion however appeared to be in a non-reducible (non carbonyl, non-amino) form. Up to 45% of the dialysis stable adducts could be reduced by sodium cyanoborohydride and be hydrolyzed to amino acid adducts if given either sufficient reduction time (2-3 weeks at 22 degrees C) or increased temperature (1-2 days at 50 degrees C). An increase in reducible adduct recovery occurred in all 5 residues detected by amino acid analysis. This suggests that the adducts that are stable to acid hydrolysis form and reverse through a reducible (e.g. Schiff base) form but that most of the time the adducts occur in a non-reducible state. At present, assay systems are not available which can detect acetaldehyde adducts in the blood of humans consuming alcohol.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3901020 TI - Multiple metabolite theory, alcohol drinking and the alcogene. PMID- 3901021 TI - Covalent binding of acetaldehyde to hepatic proteins: role in alcoholic liver injury. PMID- 3901022 TI - Alcohol abuse: detection of acetaldehyde adducts in rat urine following administration of erythrocytes labelled with radioactive acetaldehyde. PMID- 3901023 TI - Structural & biological studies of the acetaldehyde adducts of enkephalins and related peptides: a short review. PMID- 3901024 TI - Biogenic aldehydes: metabolism, binding to brain membranes, and electrophysiological effects. PMID- 3901025 TI - Salsolinol in urine of social drinkers. PMID- 3901026 TI - Regulation of granulopoiesis. PMID- 3901027 TI - Control of myelopoietic growth factor production. PMID- 3901028 TI - Normal stem cells and the clonal hemopathies. PMID- 3901029 TI - Human megakaryocytopoiesis in cell culture. AB - In conclusion, a culture system is now available that reproducibly facilitates the development of megakaryocyte colonies and the emergence of megakaryocytes within multilineage colonies. The assay is dependent upon the use of human plasma and a source of exogeneous MEG-CSA. Patients with perturbed hemopoiesis plasma may contain activities able to replace exogeneous MEG-CSA. This system can therefore be used to evaluate MEG-CSA activities. In addition it is now feasible to study blast populations of patients with leukemia characterized by a megakaryocyte phenotype. PMID- 3901030 TI - Frederick Stohlman Jr. (1926 - 1974), physician, scientist, teacher, friend. PMID- 3901031 TI - A biphasic glucose and insulin response in mice after vaccination with pertussis vaccine. AB - Pertussis vaccine consisting of inactivated whole Bordetella pertussis organisms appears to induce a biphasic response on the glucose metabolism of N:NIH mice. A heat stable component assumed to be the LPS induces a transient hyperglycaemia within 6 hours after vaccination. A heat labile component assumed to be LPF, induces a hypoglycaemia and hyperinsulinaemia 2-7 days after treatment. A purified vaccine examined in this study still showed some effects on the glucose metabolism at 3-4 days after vaccination. If hypoglycaemia contributes to the neurological side effects, incidentally observed after vaccination of infants, both LPS and LPF have to be considered to be responsible for these effects. PMID- 3901032 TI - The history of the development of the Limulus amebocyte lysate test. AB - The Limulus Test for bacterial endotoxins was developed as the result of investigations of the effects of Gram-negative bacteria on blood coagulation in the horseshoe crab Limulus polyphemus. Analysis of the factors required for blood coagulation (all of which are contained within Limulus amebocytes) has revealed marked similarities between blood coagulation in the horseshoe crab and mammals. The Limulus Test (LT) is the most sensitive test for bacterial endotoxins now available and correlates with a wide variety of other assays. An increasing number of applications of the LT have been described, including detection of endotoxins in pharmaceutical preparations, food, radioisotopes, water supplies, and medical devices, as well as in various body fluids such as blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and urine. The "basic research" that unexpectedly led to the discovery and subsequent development of the Limulus Test provides an example of the value of biomedical investigations directed at understanding pathophysiologic phenomena and demonstrates the importance of studies of comparative physiology. PMID- 3901033 TI - Rapid diagnosis of genitourinary infections by use of the Limulus lysate amebocyte test. AB - The Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) assay has realized numerous clinical applications, including rapid diagnosis of significant Gram negative bacteriuria and gonorrhea. Several published studies have demonstrated that the LAL test detects significant Gram negative bacteriuria with greater than 90% accuracy and that the predictive value of a negative test (97%) is similar to that of other currently available screening methods for bacteriuria. The test has also succeeded when used for presumptive diagnosis of gonorrhea in men, although it has not been shown to be superior to Gram stain examination of urethral exudate. The LAL test appears to offer excellent sensitivity for examination of cervical secretions from women being screened for gonorrhea, although the specificity of the test appears low, especially when a low-risk population is being examined. PMID- 3901034 TI - Biochemical characterization of Limulus clotting factors and inhibitors which interact with bacterial endotoxins. PMID- 3901035 TI - Interaction of endotoxins, blood elements and the vessel wall. AB - Endotoxins are potent activators of the complement system. Formed activated complement factors, in turn, are capable of inducing metabolite production that may be essential in the killing of parasites. However, the products formed may also induce severe damage and cause great pathological changes that can be fatal for the individual infected. In the present review article the interaction of endotoxin with monocytes, granulocytes and endothelial cells, as well as the central role of complement activation will be discussed. Also a method is provided for the detection of cell activation in Neisseria meningitidis infection. PMID- 3901036 TI - Immunocytochemical localization of retinoid-binding proteins in developing normal and RCS rats. AB - Interstitial retinol-binding protein (IRBP), cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP), and cellular retinal-binding protein (CRALBP) were localized in developing normal and RCS rat retinas. IRBP is found in the presumptive interphotoreceptor space in normal and RCS rats on P1. It reaches adult levels on P18. In the RCS rat, the level of IRBP decreases after P18 until there is only a small amount of staining on P38. CRBP and CRALBP are localized in the retinal pigment epithelium from P1 to adult. CRALBP is also found in the ciliary body pigment epithelium and in the outer epithelium of the iris during the first week, but decreases during the second week to a very low level as found in the adult. The significance of the early presence of IRBP and the transient appearance of CRALBP in the ciliary body and iris epithelia is discussed. PMID- 3901037 TI - An overview of the biochemistry of the interphotoreceptor matrix. PMID- 3901038 TI - Modulation of gene expression during terminal cell differentiation. AB - Inducer-mediated differentiation of MELC provides a model to define the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in terminal cell differentiation (Fig. 2). (Formula: see text) Fig. 2. HMBA-mediated cellular and molecular changes during induced MELC terminal erythroid differentiation. See text for detailed discussion. HMBA-induced differentiation is accompanied by an acceleration of transcription at the alpha 1 and beta maj globin loci. MELC are virus-transformed cells blocked in erythroid lineage development. MELC have acquired a pattern of DNA hypomethylation, nuclease sensitivity, and partially disrupted nucleosome configuration of the chromatin containing the transcriptionally inactive alpha 1 and beta maj globin domains, which distinguish them from the domains of nonerythroid transcribed genes, e.g. immunoglobulin or albumin, or ribosomal RNA genes which are actively transcribed in uninduced cells. HMBA-mediated MELC differentiation is associated with changes in chromatin configuration, characterized by an increased disruption of the nucleosome structure across the structural nucleotide sequences of alpha 1 and beta maj globin genes and the appearance of nuclease hypersensitive sites 5' upstream from the alpha 1 and beta maj genes. The alteration in chromatin structure appears to precede increased transcription of these genes. Inducer-mediated loss of proliferative capacity involves a complex multistep process during which the cells accumulate factor(s), probably mRNA(s), required for the synthesis of proteins which are, in turn, required for expression of the commitment process and activation of globin gene transcription. Characterization of these genes whose expression is modulated in HMBA-induced commitment to terminal cell division is in process. PMID- 3901039 TI - Molecular control of granulocyte and macrophage production. AB - The four major glycoprotein colony stimulating factors (CSF's) controlling murine granulocyte-macrophage formation and function have been purified to homogeneity and some sequence data obtained. cDNA's for GM-CSF and Multi-CSF have been cloned and the full sequence of the CSF polypeptides deduced. Despite functional similarities between the two molecules, no sequence homology exists between these two regulators. Binding studies using radiolabeling M-CSF, G-CSF and GM-CSF have indicated that relatively low numbers (200-700) of specific receptors exist for G CSF and GM-CSF on responding hemopoietic cells although up to 20,000 receptors per cell exist for M-CSF. Despite the few receptors available, biological effects of the CSF's are demonstrable with low receptor occupancy. Interactions between the four CSF's permit the production of granulocytes and macrophages to be finely controlled. PMID- 3901040 TI - Structural organization of the alpha and beta globin loci of the goat. AB - Goats switch their hemoglobins during development in a manner similar to humans and thus provide a useful model system for studying the control of hemoglobin synthesis. Initially, goats synthesize embryonic hemoglobin, zeta 2 epsilon 2, which is replaced by fetal hemoglobin, alpha 2 beta F 2, as erythropoiesis moves to the liver and bone marrow. At birth, the fetal hemoglobin is replaced by juvenile hemoglobin, alpha 2 beta C 2, which in turn is replaced by adult hemoglobin, alpha 2 beta A 2, during the first year of life. In order to understand these switches, we have cloned the alpha and beta globin loci of goats. The alpha globin locus is composed of three genes, an embryonic and two adult genes, zeta-I alpha-II alpha. The beta globin locus is composed of twelve genes arranged in the following order, epsilon I-epsilon II-psi beta X-beta C epsilon III-epsilon IV-psi beta Z-beta A-epsilon V-epsilon VI-psi beta Y-beta F. Close inspection of the beta globin locus indicates that it has arisen from a triplication of a four-gene set, epsilon-epsilon-beta-beta. Interestingly, the fetal globin gene has originated from an adult beta globin gene rather than from a second position gene as it has in humans. The gene at the end of the first four gene set, beta C, is expressed during pre-adult life while the gene at the end of the second set is the adult beta A gene. The last gene of the third set, beta F, is expressed during fetal development. Because the beta C, beta A and beta F genes have arisen quite recently during evolution, they have very similar nucleotide sequences. It is reasonable to assume that the few differences which are seen are important in developmental control. As one approach to defining regions involved in the regulation of the beta A, beta C and beta F genes their chromatin structure at different times of development has been characterized. Both DNase I sensitivity and accessibility to restriction endonucleases have been employed. While the entire beta globin locus is more sensitive to DNase in erythroid than non-erythroid cells, specific regions such as the 5' end of the genes are more accessible in cells expressing that particular gene. PMID- 3901041 TI - REM sleep deprivation decreases the grooming and shaking behaviour induced by enkephalinase inhibitor or opiate withdrawal. AB - Intraventricular administration of enkephalinase inhibitor, phosphoramidon (1 X 10(-8)-5.6 X 10(-7) moles ICV) induced a behavioural syndrome consisting of excessive grooming with the body scratching as the most prominent symptom and wet dog-shakes (WDS). The frequency of the phosphoramidon-induced WDS and body scratching were decreased by the pretreatment with the opiate receptor blocking agent, naltrexone (2.9 X 10(-6) moles/kg IP). Both the phosphoramidon-induced WDS in naive rats and naloxone-precipitated withdrawal WDS were decreased in REM sleep deprived rats compared with animals allowed normal sleep (control and stress groups). The results are discussed in light of a possible functional insufficiency of endorphinergic system during REMSD. It has been suggested that this insufficiency might be a background to the increased neuronal excitability during REMSD. PMID- 3901042 TI - Effects of furosemide and captopril on submaxillary gland blood flow and arterial pressure. AB - The effects of furosemide and captopril were studied in nephrectomized rats with and without submaxillary gland. Captopril increased blood flow, but did not modified blood pressure. Furosemide plus captopril decreased significantly blood pressure. These results suggest a release of kallikrein by furosemide and probably a formation of kinin from plasma kininogen. On the other hand, rats sialodectomized showed no alterations in blood pressure in response to both drugs. These data suggest that submaxillary gland kallikrein participates in the mechanism of blood pressure regulation and blood flow of the gland at least in our experimental conditions. Glandular kallikreins are serine proteases which release kinins from substrates called kininogen. They are found in extracts and secretions of all exocrine glands. This proteases have been implicated in the regulation of exocrine glands and kidney blood flow, in water and electrolyte balance, in blood pressure regulation and in the pathogenesis of experimental and clinical hypertension (Carretero et al., 1978; Martinez Seeber et al., 1982). Glandular kallikreins of exocrine glands and kidney are secreted into the exocrine secretions and urine and also into the vascular compartment, where a local blood flow could be affected. According to Gautvik et al. (1980), rat submandibular gland is an organ rich in kallikrein, and significants amounts of the gland enzyme are release into the circulation after stimulation (Orstavik et al., 1982). Hilton and Lewis (1956) first proposed that glandular kallikrein kinin system in salivary glands regulates vasodilation, probably through the effect of kallikrein on plasma kininogen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3901043 TI - [Development and present status of methods for the determination of in vitro drug availability of suppositories]. PMID- 3901044 TI - [The historical development of foreign market research--as seen through Friedrich Witte's travels to Russia]. AB - Dr. Friedrich Witte (1829-1893), the promotor and owner of the Chemical Works Friedrich Witte, Rostock, has carried out five extensive travels to Russia between 1880 and 1890. Analyzing the preserved travel reports and other materials recorded, it becomes obviously that a qualitative work and development of products, the continuous efforts for supply, the contact with representatives and the travels as to market research as well were already forming a uniformity of the adequate research 100 years ago. PMID- 3901045 TI - Aging and drug disposition: an update. PMID- 3901046 TI - Bromocriptine in Parkinson disease. AB - Bromocriptine is an ergopeptine derivative and dopamine agonist that predominantly stimulates the striatal D2 non-adenyl cyclase-linked dopamine receptors. Bromocriptine, unlike other dopamine agonists, has mixed "agonist antagonist" properties at these receptors. The striatal dopamine receptors exist in two different affinity states: a low and a high affinity state. Bromocriptine, unlike other dopamine agonists, does not differentiate between the low and the high affinity state of the D2 receptors, and bromocriptine does not induce a conformational change in these receptors. Bromocriptine, in low doses, is effective in patients with mild to moderate Parkinson's disease, while bromocriptine in higher doses is needed in patients with advanced disease. Both in low doses and in high doses, bromocriptine combined with levodopa is usually more effective than bromocriptine alone. The efficacy of low dose (5-30 mg/day) and high dose (31-100 mg/day) bromocriptine alone and with levodopa was examined in 27 studies encompassing 790 patients. Forty-six % of the studies were done in a double blind manner. In four studies of 79 patients, low dose bromocriptine (16 mg/day) without levodopa resulted in improvement in 58% of the patients. Only 9% of the patients experienced adverse effects. Most of the patients (63%) and mild or moderate Parkinson disease. In seven studies of 143 patients, high dose bromocriptine (56 mg/day) without levodopa resulted in improvement in 62% of patients, but with 27% having adverse effects. Most of these patients (77%) had mild or moderate disease. Diurnal oscillations in performance, the "wearing off" or "on-off" effect, were not seen during treatment with bromocriptine alone. In nine studies of 201 patients, low dose bromocriptine (23 mg/day) and levodopa resulted in improvement in 71% of patients with 26% having adverse effects. Most of these patients (66%) had advanced disease, and many had diurnal oscillations in performance. In seven studies of 367 patients, high dose bromocriptine (48 mg/day) and levodopa resulted in improvement in 58% with 37% having adverse effects. Most of these patients (85%) had advanced disease. The increased effectiveness of bromocriptine in combination with levodopa may be explained as follows. Bromocriptine by itself does not discriminate between the low and the high affinity states of the dopamine receptors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3901047 TI - Pharmacobiochemistry of arylalkyltriazenes and their application in cancer chemotherapy. PMID- 3901048 TI - Magnets, molecules and medicine. AB - This article provides an introduction to high-resolution NMR with discussion of some of the important hardware considerations related to applying high-resolution NMR in medicine and biology. Experience has shown that multidisciplinary groups usually have to be formed to run NMR spectrometers dedicated for biological use, to cope with the demands imposed by the living systems under investigation and use of the spectrometer system. NMR imaging has obviously had a tremendous impact in medicine and many NMR imagers are being installed in hospitals throughout the world. In comparison to the already well established imaging techniques using CT, radioisotopes and ultrasound the overall experience gained so far is limited and there is undoubtedly a lot of work to be carried out before the usefulness of NMR imaging is fully assessed. The usefulness of NMR spectroscopy as a tool in in vivo biological research is clearly established. Originally based on 31P NMR studies the scope and extent of this type of investigation have now been enhanced by the use of 1H, 13C and 19F NMR and therefore will continue to extend our knowledge of metabolism, especially if NMR tracer studies with 13C and 19F can be shown to have real utility in an analogous fashion to radioisotopes. All of the nuclei discussed can be used to study the metabolism of various types of disease including carcinogenesis. With regard to medicine, the results obtained so far are certainly interesting and undoubtedly contributions will be made to the understanding of disease and related metabolism. At this stage, however, it is perhaps too early to say that NMR spectroscopy will become a routine tool in medicine but the rate of progress over the last ten years does suggest that the use of in vivo spectroscopy in medicine does have a significant future. PMID- 3901049 TI - A new rapid method for quantification of nitrogen in human serum employing the 14N(p,p' gamma)14N reaction: application to human pregnancy. AB - The total nitrogen concentrations in dried serum from 54 pregnant women and 17 newborn babies were determined by a new application of the 14N(p,p' gamma)14N reaction resonance at 3.9 MeV. The samples were bombarded in a He atmosphere by 4.1 MeV protons from a tandem Van de Graaff accelerator. The mean dry-weight nitrogen concentration in serum sampled during early pregnancy (6-12 weeks; 13.9 g per 100 g +/- 5.4%) was significantly higher than that in serum sampled during late pregnancy (38-42 weeks: 13.0 g per 100 g +/- 3.9%, p less than 0.001) and than that in serum taken from the umbilical cord (13.3 g per 100 g +/- 4.6%, p less than 0.01). The nitrogen levels measured using this rapid nuclear technique, applied for the first time to human serum analysis, agree well with parallel Kjeldahl analyses. PMID- 3901050 TI - Neonatal assessment: an overview. AB - The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of assessment techniques used by physical therapists in the assessment of the neonate. An additional purpose is to provide a review of prenatal and postnatal development in the areas of muscle tone, range of motion, somatosensory skills, and reflex development. The role of the physical therapist on the neonatal team is discussed relating to the types of assessments physical therapists might use in evaluating the neonate. General considerations for assessment are provided, and specific areas including physical examination, behavioral assessment, evaluation of muscle tone, reflex assessment, oral motor evaluation, and sensory systems assessment are discussed. Physical therapy for the neonate has been considered as a specialty area of pediatrics. Physical therapists, however, are being asked to function in neonatal units in hospitals as a part of their practice in the general hospital setting. This article provides information for the inexperienced clinician who is interested in working with the neonate and for the experienced clinician. PMID- 3901051 TI - Repair of UV-irradiated plasmid DNA in excision repair deficient mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PMID- 3901052 TI - The electron donor side of photosystem II: the oxygen evolving complex. PMID- 3901053 TI - Bone demineralization during space flight. PMID- 3901054 TI - History and future plans of the Detroit Physiological Society. PMID- 3901055 TI - [Phenomenology in the life work of Karl Leonhard as the climax of a classical view and a starting point of dialectic thought in psychiatry]. AB - The development of Karl Leonhards opinions, and particularly his schizophrenia theory, in the psychiatry of his time is presented in the form of a historical outline. Since the psychosis cannot be regarded as a self-contained phenomena even today, it is necessary to seek correlations, and, finally, causal relationships, with the results yielded by other science. This is shown by means of relationships established to results obtained in psychology, the physiopathology of the brain, genetics, sociology and in research into prognostication and the way in which people come to terms with their illnesses. The conclusion is drawn that Leonhards phenomenology represents an optimum starting point for psychiatry in future. PMID- 3901056 TI - Post-surgical pain: brief interventions and patient's coping style. PMID- 3901057 TI - Murder under hypnosis. AB - This article discusses the trial of a woman accused of murder in 1890 whose defence rested on the claim that she acted unconsciously under the hypnotic influence of her older lover. This relatively banal case brought together two rival schools of French psychiatry - that of J.-M. Charcot in Paris and that of Hippolyte Bernheim in Nancy - and provided a wide-ranging examination of views on the nature of unconscious mental activity as well as the social, political and professional implications that their theories on hypnotism and hysteria contained. Discussions on women's sexuality, family relations, crowd behaviour and political radicalism all played a part in the debate and are examined through the case study that the trial of Gabrielle Bompard permits. Moreover, the trial shed incidental light on the campaign by physicians against amateur healers and hypnotists whom they blamed for unleashing a wave of mass hysteria through their theatrical representations. The episode was one important element in the struggle for the passage of the law of 30 November 1892, which outlawed amateur practitioners and established the medical monopoly over healing in France. PMID- 3901058 TI - Subtypes of Alzheimer's dementia: a conceptual analysis and critical review. AB - Criteria necessary for establishing the existence of qualitatively-different subtypes of a disorder are proposed. A review is made of the existing literature on Alzheimer's Dementia which proposes subtypes on the basis of either psychological or neuropathological data. It is concluded that, as yet, this research has not met the criteria for establishing qualitatively-different subtypes. However, Alzheimer's Dementia does seem to show quantitative variability in a number of respects and this appears to be related to factors of aetiological significance. The possibility that this quantitative variability could provide the basis for subtyping is discussed. PMID- 3901059 TI - The relevance of the multiple criterion screen to an adolescent population. AB - The 4th- and 5th-year pupils of four large comprehensive schools, which were broadly typical of the schools serving an urban population, were screened using a multiple criterion approach. The screen results were compared with those found in a younger population drawn from the same area, and a similar rate of efficiency was found. However, in the adolescent age group the screen was more accurate at detecting true negative cases (specificity) but less able to identify true positive cases (sensitivity). Overall, the multiple criterion screen proved more efficient than a variety of single screen criteria, and the findings also suggest that certain screen measures used in adolescence may be more effective at identifying disturbed girls while others are more effective at identifying disturbed boys. This confirms the principle that the choice of screening instruments must be made with reference to their proposed use. PMID- 3901060 TI - Toward a consensual structure of mood. PMID- 3901061 TI - Theories relating mental imagery to perception. PMID- 3901062 TI - Gender differences across age in motor performance a meta-analysis. PMID- 3901063 TI - The "stuff" of hypnotic performance: a review of psychometric approaches. PMID- 3901064 TI - Depression and causal attributions: what is their relation? PMID- 3901065 TI - Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis. PMID- 3901066 TI - Rheumatoid arthritis: review of psychological factors related to etiology, effects, and treatment. PMID- 3901067 TI - The outcome of psychotherapy with children. PMID- 3901068 TI - Does professional training make a therapist more effective? PMID- 3901069 TI - Modeling ordinal scale disagreement. PMID- 3901070 TI - An updated bibliography of literature pertaining to multiple personality. PMID- 3901071 TI - Comparison of multidimensional measures of aggression. PMID- 3901072 TI - Comparison of self-instruction and relaxation training in reducing impulsive and inattentive behavior of learning disabled children on cognitive tasks. PMID- 3901073 TI - Contributions to the history of psychology: XXXVII. Katherine Jones (1892-1983). PMID- 3901074 TI - Diagnosis of the borderline disorders. AB - Only a few of the borderline concepts introduced in clinical psychiatry have adequate diagnostic reliability. They are the borderline personality disorder of Gunderson and of DSM-III and the schizotypal personality disorder of DSM-III. Diagnostic interviews for these disorders have been developed, and their features are discussed. The diagnosis of borderline disorder can also be made with self report instruments which are presented. Basic prevalence and demographic data for these disorders are given. The delimitation of the borderline disorders from other personality disorders is a major diagnostic problem still unresolved. The method of differentiated weight for symptoms is discussed as a probable solution for this problem. PMID- 3901075 TI - Intestinal blood flow. PMID- 3901076 TI - Serum bactericidal and opsonic activities in patients with non-alcoholic cirrhosis. AB - The increased susceptibility to infection suggests that patients with cirrhosis have abnormalities in host defense mechanisms. In the present study, serum bactericidal and opsonic activity were evaluated in patients with non-alcoholic cirrhosis. Seven (28 per cent) of 25 patients had diminished bactericidal activity and 14 (61 per cent) of 23 were found to have reduced opsonic activity. Serum C3, C4, and CH50 concentrations were significantly low in patients with diminished bactericidal activity. There was a strong correlation between complement levels and bactericidal activity. Deficient bactericidal and opsonic activities may explain the increased susceptibility to infections in patients with cirrhosis. PMID- 3901077 TI - The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in decompensated cirrhosis: its activity in relation to sodium balance. AB - Plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma renin concentration (PRC), plasma angiotensin II concentration (AII), plasma and urinary aldosterone (PA, UA) and urinary sodium excretion (UNaV) were measured in 51 normal controls, 16 patients with decompensated cirrhosis (i.e. ascites and/or oedema present) in sodium equilibrium (Group 1) and 13 patients with decompensated cirrhosis in a phase of active sodium retention (Group 2). In Group 1 the mean supine and erect values, although lower, were not significantly different from controls. In Group 2 the mean values were significantly elevated, but several individual values were within the normal range; there were significant direct relationships between plasma renin activity and plasma renin concentration (r = 0.85, p less than 0.001 erect), plasma renin concentration and plasma angiotensin II concentration (r = 0.86, p less than 0.001 erect), and plasma angiotensin II concentration and plasma aldosterone (r = 0.70, p less than 0.01 erect). In Group 2 there was an inverse correlation between urinary sodium excretion and both urinary aldosterone (r = -0.50) and erect plasma aldosterone (r = -0.36) but, perhaps because of the narrow range of sodium excretion rates, significance was not reached. The normal values in Group 1 indicate that hyperaldosteronism is not essential for the maintenance of established ascites, but do not exclude a role for aldosterone in the control of sodium excretion if it is accepted that renal tubular sensitivity to aldosterone is increased in these patients. In Group 2, the raised mean plasma and urinary aldosterone levels and the trend towards an inverse relationship with urinary sodium excretion suggests a role for aldosterone in the active retention of sodium. It appears that stimulation of the renin-angiotensin system is the major factor in the elevation of plasma aldosterone; there was no relationship between plasma aldosterone and either plasma sodium or potassium levels. The mechanism of renin hypersecretion is unclear but this may represent part of a sympathetically mediated response in order to maintain blood pressure. The close relationship between plasma renin activity and plasma renin concentration indicates that the former is a valid measure of circulating renin levels in cirrhosis, despite low renin-substrate levels. PMID- 3901078 TI - Mechanisms of epithelial invagination. AB - This review is concerned with the mechanical forces that cause epithelial sheets to invaginate during morphogenesis. Interest in this problem is currently increasing and a variety of models, each with a different emphasis, have been formulated to explain mechanical aspects of epithelial folding. A critical evaluation of the experimental evidence bearing on this problem leads to the following conclusions. (1) The most popular model of invagination, one based on microfilament-mediated cell shape change, should be re-examined, given the limitations of the experimental evidence usually offered in its support. Recent experiments with permeabilized epithelia offer a promising approach for confirming the validity of this model. (2) Current hypotheses based on disparities in the adhesive properties of epithelial cells are consistent with available data, but appear to be impossible to test directly at this time. (3) There is evidence that suggests that cell growth and division are involved in invagination during the branching morphogenesis of some epithelio-mesenchymal organs, but it has been shown that these processes are not involved in other cases. (4) Recent studies demonstrate that some epithelial invaginations are accompanied by movements of cells, both in the form of rearrangement (exchange of nearest neighbors) and involution (flow of surrounding cells into the invaginating region). (5) A general conclusion that may be drawn from the data now available is that several different mechanisms of epithelial folding operate during morphogenesis. PMID- 3901079 TI - Textbook treatments of the genetics of intelligence. AB - Genetics textbooks have been remarkably unaffected by the discovery of fraud in the work of British psychologist Sir Cyril Burt or by the resulting critical review of other classic studies on the genetics of intelligence. Although Burt's name has nearly vanished from current textbooks, his results continue to be cited in textbook discussions of the heritability of intelligence, as do the results of other studies now recognized as methodologically inadequate. Moreover, genetics textbooks consistently employ confused or misleading definitions of the concept of heritability that, together with the reporting of discredited data, perpetuate a fundamentally inaccurate understanding of the genetics of intelligence. This situation is largely attributable to the practice--generic to textbook writing but in this case taken to an extreme--of authors' liberal borrowing from one another or from a few apparently authoritative works (including earlier textbooks). The extent to which authors rely on these sources for their discussions of the genetics of intelligence is apparently a function both of the controversiality of the subject and of authors' technical insecurity, perhaps reinforced by prior assumptions about the influence of genes on variations in intellectual performance. PMID- 3901080 TI - [Multi-functional anchor system]. PMID- 3901081 TI - [Preprosthetic orthodontics (V)]. PMID- 3901082 TI - [Mechanics of the relation between dental prosthetics and materials technology: current problems, results and possibilities for solutions (I)]. PMID- 3901083 TI - [Unilateral subperiosteal implant in maxilla (I)]. PMID- 3901084 TI - [Experiences with the central-plate system for bite taking]. PMID- 3901085 TI - [Preprosthetic orthodontics (VI)]. PMID- 3901086 TI - [Mechanics of relation between dental prosthetics and materials technology: current problems, results and possibilities for solutions (II)]. PMID- 3901087 TI - [Unilateral subperiosteal implant in the upper jaw (II)]. PMID- 3901088 TI - [Complete rehabilitation in a different form--gnathologically cast occlusal crowns]. PMID- 3901089 TI - [Basic knowledge: prosthetics, impressions and impression materials (III)]. PMID- 3901090 TI - [Prosthetics + prevention = bonded bridges]. PMID- 3901091 TI - [Basic principles: prosthetic impressions and impression materials (IV)]. PMID- 3901092 TI - [Preventive concepts in the construction of temporary preparations for finished dental crowns]. PMID- 3901093 TI - [Recommendations for the preparation of bridges]. PMID- 3901094 TI - [New methods of ceramic work-up. Ceramic mix and coating technics of the Baur system. 2: Ceramic coating technics and the Isosite-N coating with regard to light refraction factors]. PMID- 3901095 TI - [Permador-strengthened pin construction]. PMID- 3901096 TI - Growth-medium-dependent repair of DNA single-strand and double-strand breaks in X irradiated Escherichia coli. AB - The X-ray resistance of logarithmic phase cells of Escherichia coli K-12 is enhanced threefold by growth in rich medium versus minimal medium (N. J. Sargentini, W. P. Diver, and K. C. Smith, Radiat. Res. 93, 364-380, 1983). In this work, X-ray-induced DNA strand breaks were assayed by sedimentation in alkaline and neutral sucrose gradients to correlate the enhanced survival of rich medium-grown cells with an enhanced capacity for DNA repair. While rich-medium grown cells showed no enhanced capacity for repairing DNA single-strand breaks in buffer, i.e., fast, polA-dependent repair, they did show an enhanced capacity to repair both single-strand and double-strand breaks in growth medium, i.e., slow, recA-dependent repair. This enhanced capacity for DNA repair in rich-medium-grown cells was inhibited by rifampicin post-treatment, indicating the requirement for de novo RNA synthesis. Kinetic studies indicated that the repair of DNA double strand breaks was a complex process. Relative to the sedimentation rate in neutral sucrose gradients of nonirradiated DNA, the sedimentation rate of X irradiated DNA first changed from slow to very fast. Based on alkaline sucrose gradient sedimentation studies, all the strand breaks had been repaired during the formation of the very fast sedimenting DNA. With continued incubation, the sedimentation rate of the DNA on neutral sucrose gradients decreased to the normal rate. PMID- 3901097 TI - A combined biparietal diameter and abdominal circumference graph: using a system velocity of 1540 metres per second. PMID- 3901098 TI - Golden jubilee of Radiography. The story of the journal's 50 years of publication. PMID- 3901099 TI - Ultrasound diagnosis of exomphalos: a case report. PMID- 3901100 TI - [Ultrasonic tomography for documenting pregnancy-related changes in the kidney]. PMID- 3901101 TI - [Early detection and assessment of the course of Potter III-type cystic kidneys with special reference to kidney sonography and scintigraphy]. PMID- 3901102 TI - Angiography of liver transplantation patients. AB - Over 45 months, 119 angiographic examinations were performed in 95 patients prior to liver transplantation, and 53 examinations in 44 patients after transplantation. Transplantation feasibility was influenced by patency of the portal vein and inferior vena cava. Selective arterial portography, wedged hepatic venography, and transhepatic portography were used to assess the portal vein if sonography or computed tomography was inconclusive. Major indications for angiography after transplantation included early liver failure, sepsis, unexplained elevation of liver enzyme levels, and delayed bile leakage, all of which may be due to hepatic artery thrombosis. Other indications included gastrointestinal tract bleeding, hemobilia, and evaluation of portal vein patency in patients with chronic rejection who were being considered for retransplantation. Normal radiographic features of hepatic artery and portal vein reconstruction are demonstrated. Complications diagnosed using results of angiography included hepatic artery or portal vein stenoses and thromboses and pancreaticoduodenal aneurysms. Intrahepatic arterial narrowing, attenuation, slow flow, and poor filling were seen in five patients with rejection. PMID- 3901103 TI - Pediatric liver transplantation. Part I. Standardization of preoperative diagnostic imaging. AB - The preoperative radiologic imaging workups of 44 pediatric liver transplantation patients were reviewed. Biliary atresia (43%) and metabolic disorders (33%) with end-stage liver disease were the leading indications for pediatric liver transplantation at our institution. The radiologic imaging examinations included chest and skeletal radiography, upper gastrointestinal tract series, abdominal ultrasonography (US), computed tomography, angiography, and contrast echocardiography. Abdominal US (performed in 38 of 44 patients) was the pivotal screening imaging examination; it was invaluable in determining the patency and size of the extrahepatic portal vein and inferior vena cava. Angiography is mandatory if this vascular anatomy is not established with certainty on sonograms or if malrotation is seen on the upper gastrointestinal tract series. Congenital malrotation should be differentiated from small bowel malposition caused by portoenterostomy in patients with biliary atresia. Vascular anomalies, especially absent portal vein and/or inferior vena cava, in patients with biliary atresia and polysplenia syndrome may preclude liver transplantation. PMID- 3901104 TI - Pediatric liver transplantation. Part II. Diagnostic imaging in postoperative management. AB - The postoperative diagnostic imaging examinations of 44 children who underwent 59 orthotopic liver transplantations were reviewed. The imaging modalities used for the evaluation of suspected complications include plain roentgenography, ultrasonography (US), computed tomography (CT), nuclear scintigraphy, arteriography, percutaneous and operative cholangiography, and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. The main postoperative complications included ischemia, thrombosis (hepatic artery and portal vein), infarction, obstruction or leakage of the biliary anastomosis, hepatic and perihepatic infection, and allograft rejection. US, the most frequently used abdominal imaging modality, was best suited for detection of biliary duct dilatation, fluid collections in or around the transplanted liver, and hepatic arterial, inferior vena caval, and portal vein thrombosis. CT was especially helpful in corroborating findings of infection and in locating abscesses. Technetium 99m sulfur colloid (early- and late-phase imaging) provided a sensitive, although nonspecific, means of assessing allograft vascularization and morphology. Angiography showed vascularity most clearly, and cholangiography was the most useful in the assessment of bile duct patency. A diagnostic imaging algorithm is proposed for evaluation of suspected complications. PMID- 3901105 TI - Spontaneous resolution of cholelithiasis in infants. AB - Follow-up sonographic studies of five infants whose initial sonograms had displayed evidence for the diagnosis of cholelithiasis demonstrated spontaneous resolution of the gallbladder defects. These defects may have been caused by tumefactive sludge with acoustic shadowing. Whether sludge or gallstones are being imaged, in the absence of other clinical or imaging evidence of biliary tract disease, conservative (i.e., nonsurgical) management and serial sonograms are recommended. PMID- 3901106 TI - Posttraumatic progressive myelopathy. Clinical and radiologic correlation employing MR imaging, delayed CT metrizamide myelography, and intraoperative sonography. AB - Posttraumatic progressive myelopathy (PTPM) was studied in nine patients and grouped into three categories on the basis of characteristic radiographic findings and response to therapy: (a) myelomalacia with no cystic degeneration, which has poor response to therapy; (b) small cysts, with poor response to therapy; and (c) large cysts, which are effectively treated by decompression. One type dominated in each patient, although a mixture of types was present in each. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging gave slightly improved resolution and specificity of type, decreased morbidity, and simplification of procedure in comparison with imaging by delayed computed tomographic metrizamide myelography (DCTM). DCTM and MR imaging results correlated nearly equally with those of intraoperative sonography (IOS) and pathologic study at surgery. IOS was superior to DCTM or MR imaging in detecting septations and small additional cysts. IOS also was helpful in myelotomy positioning, shunt placement, and verification of cyst decompression. MR imaging may replace DCTM in the preoperative evaluation of PTPM, followed by IOS imaging as indicated. Patients with nonmyelopathic signs and symptoms (e.g., radiculopathy) probably still require study with conventional and/or CT myelography. PMID- 3901107 TI - Parathymic parathyroid: CT, US, and angiographic findings. AB - Six patients with primary hyperparathyroidism caused by an undescended parathymic adenoma are described. All glands were anterior to the common carotid artery at the level of the hyoid bone. Blood supply was from the superior thyroid artery, and venous drainage was into the superior thyroid vein. Ultrasound (one of five) and computed tomography (two of six) were rarely positive, but glands can be detected with both modalities if the examination is carried high enough. Glands within the carotid sheath are generally lower in the neck and have a blood supply from the inferior thyroid artery with drainage into the vertebral veins. PMID- 3901108 TI - Fetal intracranial teratoma: US diagnosis of three cases and a review of the literature. AB - We describe three cases of fetal intracranial teratoma diagnosed by ultrasound and review the literature. Sonographic features include cranial enlargement, gross distortion of normal cerebral architecture by a hyperechoic, multicystic mass, and polyhydramnios. Despite early diagnosis, the cesarean section rate is high and the overall prognosis is dismal. PMID- 3901109 TI - Fetal lung development: compressibility as a measure of maturity. AB - Fetal lung maturation involves a number of separate developmental processes. An ultrasonic technique is reported for grading the dynamic behavior of the right middle lobe or lingula in the second or third trimesters on ultrasound (US) study. Fetal lungs are stiff initially. Lung compressibility during diastole is typical after 36 weeks' gestational age, when phospholipid profiles of the amniotic fluid also indicate lung-tissue maturity. Compressibility also occurs earlier in the third trimester and has indicated, in preliminary observations on a small subgroup of infants delivered prematurely, a low risk of subsequent neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. High-speed magnification US study of fetal lung compressibility can be used to evaluate fetal lung development, possibly independently of gestational age and of conventionally measured lecithin/sphingomyelin values in amniotic fluid. PMID- 3901110 TI - Transrectal US as an adjunct in the diagnosis of rectal and extrarectal tumors. AB - Transrectal ultrasound (US; also called endosonography) was used to evaluate known or suspected rectal and perirectal masses. Thirty-one patients were examined with commercially available endosonographic probes. Those who obtained and interpreted the sonograms had no knowledge of other diagnostic studies, which included digital rectal and sigmoidoscopic examinations, conventional US, and computed tomography (CT). All but one patient underwent surgical exploration for diagnoses that included rectal cancers, perirectal abscesses, presacral endometriosis, intramural dermoid of the rectum, and intramural venous angioma. Transrectal US was able to image all masses situated within 12 cm of the anus. Malignant infiltration of perirectal fat and perirectal node involvement were detected at least as accurately with US as with CT, suggesting that this technique is a cost-effective, reliable adjunct for staging rectal cancers. PMID- 3901111 TI - Differentiation of benign from malignant ascites by sonographic evaluation of gallbladder wall. AB - The gallbladders of 65 patients with ascites were examined on ultrasonograms. In 37 patients, the thickness of the gallbladder wall was less than or equal to 3 mm and was considered normal or "single." In 28 patients, the gallbladder wall thickness was greater than or equal to 4 mm, with a central echo-free zone giving the appearance of a double wall. Of the 37 patients with single-walled gallbladders, 35 (95%) had carcinomatous peritonitis. Of the 28 patients with double-walled gallbladders, 23 (82%) had benign disease, such as liver cirrhosis (n = 22) and nephrotic syndrome with hypoalbuminemia (n = 1). The results of this study indicate that sonography is useful in determining whether the cause of ascites is malignant or benign disease. PMID- 3901112 TI - Whole-breast US imaging: four-year follow-up. AB - Between March 1980 and April 1981, 1,140 women underwent physical examination, xeromammography, and whole-breast ultrasound (US) using a whole-breast water path system. Results of each study were interpreted independently by separate observers in a blind fashion. Biopsy revealed 125 cancers in 127 breasts. Findings were considered to be suspicious for carcinoma in 199 women based on physical examination, in 201 based on mammograms, and in 255 based on US scans. Physical examinations were able to reveal 91% (115/127) of the cancers, reflecting the referral nature of the population, and failed to detect 12 lesions. Mammograms disclosed 94% (119/127) of the cancers, including 12 clinically occult lesions, but did not show eight palpable cancers. US scans disclosed only 64% (81/127) of the cancers, all of which were palpable. In a 4 year follow-up, no cancers have appeared in the group that had suspicious findings by US only. We conclude that US should not be used routinely to screen women for breast cancer. PMID- 3901113 TI - Efficacy of intraoperative US for evaluating intracranial masses. AB - The efficacy of intraoperative neurosurgical ultrasound (US) scanning was determined in studies of 191 lesions (186 patients). US was deemed to have played a useful role in operations on 101 (53%) of these lesions, including 66 (49%) of the 136 brain tumors. The main utility of US imaging was in locating subcortical masses, but it also proved useful in identifying residual tumor after resection; locating cysts within tumors; delineating surrounding vascular structures; and locating subcortical cysts, hematomas, arteriovenous malformations, and inflammatory masses or abscesses. In light of these findings, US study appears to have a place in many intracranial operations. PMID- 3901114 TI - US of the upper abdomen: factors influencing image quality. AB - A controlled blind study of 226 patients was performed to determine the advantages of fasting prior to upper abdominal ultrasonography (US) as well as the influence of other factors on image quality. The ratio of weight to height (a reflection of body build) was found to most often correlate negatively with image quality for all organs, followed by age for the biliary tract, pancreas, and kidneys and sex (in males) for the pancreas. Only the biliary tract was shown slightly better as the result of fasting. Images obtained during the afternoon tended to be somewhat better. The authors conclude that upper abdominal US can be performed at any time in patients who have not fasted, as it is primarily other factors that determine image quality. Only if evaluation of the biliary tract is inconclusive need the patient be reexamined after fasting. PMID- 3901115 TI - Stereoscopic technique in digital subtraction angiography. AB - Stereoscopic technique was applied to digital subtraction angiography (DSA) with alternate exposures from twin focus spots (6.5-cm separation) of an x-ray tube. Correct identification of two crossed aluminum wires was obtained more than 90% of the time when there was separation of more than 5 mm. Excellent clinical images of intravenous as well as intraarterial DSA have been obtained, and the clinical value of DSA was enhanced by application of the stereoscopic technique. PMID- 3901116 TI - Digital subtraction angiography apparatus. AB - An inexpensive digital subtraction angiography (DSA) apparatus that can perform live subtraction, processed subtraction, and road mapping is described. The apparatus can be used in any standard x-ray room with fluoroscopic capability, with a simple connection to the existing TV chain. It is especially useful in therapeutic neuroangiography. PMID- 3901117 TI - Re: US in the evaluation of acute flank pain. PMID- 3901118 TI - Animal models of osteoarthritis: implication for pathogenesis and treatment. PMID- 3901119 TI - Calcium channel blockers in the treatment of vascular headaches. PMID- 3901120 TI - Effect of HDL and LDL from pre and post menopausal women on prostacyclin synthesis. AB - Earlier we found LDL and HDL to differentially affect the synthesis of PGI2 from PGH2 by pig aorta microsomes and that this depended on the gender of the lipoprotein donors. Here we report there are also differences in the effects of LDL and HDL from pre- and postmenopausal women. The influence of the lipoproteins from postmenopausal women on the PGI2 formation is similar to the action of lipoproteins from men. We suggest that endogenous PGI2 formation is regulated by the sex related composition of the lipoproteins. PMID- 3901121 TI - Effect of indomethacin on the adrenal renin response to nephrectomy in the rat. AB - The role of prostaglandins in the control of adrenal renin in vivo was evaluated in nephrectomized rats. Nephrectomy increased adrenal renin from 13.2 +/- 1.37 ng angiotensin I/mg protein/hr to 166.5 +/- 17.3 ng angiotensin I/mg protein/hr. Indomethacin treatment significantly suppressed the adrenal renin response to nephrectomy. (47.8 +/- 5.22 ng angiotensin I/mg protein/hr). Adrenal aldosterone was also suppressed by indomethacin. Adrenal prostaglandin E2 increased after nephrectomy and decreased after indomethacin. Plasma corticosterone and serum potassium did not change after indomethacin. These data indicate that inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis by indomethacin partially blocks the adrenal renin response to nephrectomy, suggesting that prostaglandins may play a role in the adrenal response to nephrectomy. PMID- 3901122 TI - Effects of acute and chronic ethanol administration on thromboxane and prostacyclin levels and release in rat brain cortex. AB - The effects of acute (3 g/kg i.p. two hours before sacrifice) and chronic (6% in drinking water and libitum for 15 days) ethanol administration to male rats (200 g body weight) on basal levels and release of TxB2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha in brain cortex were studied. Also the effects of chronic ethanol (30 days) on the fatty acid composition of brain cortical tissue and liver phospholipids were investigated. Acute treatment reduced basal levels of 6-keto- PGF1 alpha in brain cortical tissue (rats sacrificed by microwave radiation) and decreased the accumulation of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha in brain cortex after post-decapitation ischemia (PDI). Basal TxB2 levels were also reduced in brain cortex, but TxB2 release during PDI was enhanced. Chronic treatment (15 days) induced changes of TxB2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha levels and release during PDI in brain cortex less pronounced than those observed after acute treatment. The reduced effectiveness of chronic ethanol on brain vasoactive eicosanoids suggest adaptation processes. After chronic treatment (30 days), the fatty acid composition of brain cortex total phospholipids were not significantly modified. Changes of eicosanoid production after ethanol were thus independent from modifications of the fatty acid precursor pool(s). Ethanol-induced changes in the production of vascular eicosanoids in the CNS may be of relevance to the action of the compound on the CNS and may also have implications for the clinic. PMID- 3901123 TI - Production of prostacyclin by different cell types of the goat ovary. AB - A sensitive platelet aggregation-inhibition assay was used to quantitate the production of prostacyclin by different cell types of the goat ovary. The assay could detect as low as 0.16 ng in the test sample. Different cell types i.e. granulosa, theca and corpus luteum or the total ovarian homogenate were incubated at 37 degrees C for 10 minutes with or without 0.2mM arachidonic acid. Rat aortic strips were incubated under similar conditions as a positive control. Under basal conditions the amount of prostacyclin produced by corpus luteum cells was higher compared to that by granulosa cells. When the precursor of prostaglandins (arachidonic acid) was provided the production markedly increased in corpus luteum, granulosa, and ovarian homogenate as well as in aortic strips. Theca cells did not produce detectable levels of prostacyclin even when the precursor was provided. Trapidil did not alter the basal but enhanced the arachidonic acid stimulated prostacyclin production in homogenate and granulosa cells with no further increase in corpus luteum cells. U-51605 decreased basal as well as arachidonic acid-stimulated prostacyclin production in all the cell types. The prostacyclin production in ovaries is compartmentalized suggesting a possible role in ovarian physiology. PMID- 3901124 TI - The effect of NaCl intake on 9-ketoprostaglandin reductase activity in the rabbit kidney. AB - Renal 9-ketoprostaglandin reductase activity from rabbits fed 0.3 g or 2.5 g NaCl per 100 g chow was measured in both centrifuged homogenates and in purified enzyme fractions. There was no salt related increase in 9-ketoprostaglandin reductase activity. PGA1-glutathione, 9, 10-phenanthrenequinone, and 4 nitrobenzaldehyde were better substrates for the purified 9-ketoprostaglandin reductases than was PGE2. Several carbonyl reductases were isolated which used PGA1-glutathione, 9, 10-phenanthrenequinone, and 4-nitrobenzaldehyde, but not PGE2, as substrates. Although PGA1-glutathione was a more faithful indicator of PGE2-related 9-ketoprostaglandin reductase activity than either 9, 10 phenanthrenequione or 4-nitrobenzaldehyde, it did not always provide an accurate estimate of that activity. PMID- 3901125 TI - [Role of immunological reaction of the cellular type in protection of the body against Treponema pallidum infection]. PMID- 3901126 TI - [Role of thermolabile antigenic component of Treponema pallidum in inducing skin reaction for delayed hypersensitivity]. PMID- 3901127 TI - [Physico-chemical characteristics of antitreponemal lymphotoxin from lymphocytes of syphilitic rabbits]. PMID- 3901128 TI - [Specific antitreponemal antibodies 19 S IgM in patients with syphilis]. PMID- 3901129 TI - [Evaluation of Treponema pallidum hemagglutination test based on the specimens from patients of the Dermatological Clinic, Medical Academy in Poznan]. PMID- 3901130 TI - [Monovalent syphilitic fluorescent reactions in the serological diagnosis of syphilis]. PMID- 3901131 TI - [Isolation of Nichols strain of Treponema pallidum with changed sensitivity to erythromycin]. PMID- 3901132 TI - [Treatment of gonorrhea with various antibiotics]. PMID- 3901133 TI - [Clinical picture and the results of treatment of gonorrhea with procaine penicillin with probenecid in patients of the Dermatological Clinic, Medical Academy in Cracow 1979-1983]. PMID- 3901134 TI - The current status of acyclovir treatment of first episode and recurrent genital herpes simplex infection. PMID- 3901135 TI - Neural influences on kidney function in the pathogenesis of arterial hypertension. PMID- 3901136 TI - Hypertension problem in transplanted patients. PMID- 3901137 TI - Assessment of some tests for differentiation of renovascular hypertension from hypertension of other origin. PMID- 3901138 TI - Head out water immersion (WI) induced endocrine alterations in hypertensive patients. PMID- 3901139 TI - Is the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) related to vasopressin (AVP) secretion in patients with essential hypertension. PMID- 3901140 TI - Renovascular and unilateral parenchymal renal hypertension analysis of 292 patients. PMID- 3901141 TI - Results of the surgical treatment of renovascular hypertension with special regards to autotransplantation. PMID- 3901142 TI - Side-to side and end-to side radiocephalic arteriovenous fistula--a controlled study. PMID- 3901143 TI - Successful twin pregnancy in a renal transplant patient. PMID- 3901144 TI - Urinary kallikrein excretion in renal allograft recipients. PMID- 3901145 TI - Is serum alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency a contraindication for kidney transplantation? PMID- 3901146 TI - [Comparison of hypotensive effectiveness of propranolol and atenolol in combined treatment of primary hypertension]. PMID- 3901147 TI - [Comparative results in the carotid region. Venous or arterial digital angiography?]. AB - A comparative evaluation between Digital Venous (DV) and Arterial (DA) studies of carotid arteries has been carried out in our institution in the last two years. DV study, in our experience, only in fourty percent of the cases shows good details (i.e. of true diagnostic value); this rate decreases to fifteen-twenty of intracranial sector, while DA offers optimal results in eighty percent and more of the patients. DV studies, highly invasive on a pharmacological point of view, based on the contrast medium amount, must be reserved only to surgical follow-up studies and patients with femoral/brachial bilateral occlusion, that involves technical impossibility for arterial catheterization. PMID- 3901148 TI - [Whole body irradiation in conditioning for bone marrow transplantation. Experiences with 35 cases of leukemia]. AB - Total body irradiation, carried out in two different regimens (10 Gy single dose; 200 cGy X 5 fractions) has been used in 35 patients with acute leukaemia or chronic leukaemia in chronic or accelerated phase, in preparation for bone marrow transplantation. The dose rate was in the range of 2-4 cGy . min-1. No lung shielding was adopted. The role of total body irradiation in the development of interstitial pneumonitis is considered. Rather than to the regimen of total body irradiation--single dose or five fractions--the incidence of interstitial pneumonitis seems to be related to other factors; mainly to the presence of Graft versus-Host-Disease: Five patients out of six with III or IV grade GvHD, developed interstitial pneumonitis; only one patient out of twenty without GvHD or with a low grade GvHD developed interstitial pneumonitis. PMID- 3901149 TI - [A case of calcium milk bile. Echoradiographic aspects]. PMID- 3901150 TI - [Nicasio Etchepareborda. 50th anniversary of his death]. PMID- 3901151 TI - [Intermediate or temporary bridges using the acid etch technic]. PMID- 3901152 TI - [Adaptation of amalgam and composite resins to cavity walls, prepared in deciduous teeth]. PMID- 3901153 TI - [Invention of amalgam. History of dentistry in Spain 1699-1720]. PMID- 3901154 TI - [Identification in dentistry (1). Generalities, history, clinical studies: dental records and craniometry]. PMID- 3901155 TI - [Plasmapheresis and plasma exchange. Therapeutic indications and risks]. PMID- 3901156 TI - [Usefulness of ultrasonography in the management of cholestatic icterus. Apropos of a case of alcoholic acute hepatitis]. PMID- 3901157 TI - [Malignant hyperthermia]. PMID- 3901158 TI - [Sodium dantrolene]. PMID- 3901159 TI - [Peroperative biochemical changes in orthotopic liver transplants in swine]. PMID- 3901160 TI - [Endoscopic sphincterotomy in malignant periampullar neoplasms. Review of the literature]. PMID- 3901161 TI - [Hyperglycemia and arterial hypertension on severe acute hepatic insufficiency]. PMID- 3901162 TI - [Dynamics and kinematics in relation to grinding]. PMID- 3901163 TI - Hypothalamic pulse generators. PMID- 3901164 TI - Nephropathy produced by Forssman antibody in guinea pigs: an experimental model of mesangial injury. AB - In the present work the involvement of the kidneys of guinea pigs injected with rabbit anti-sheep red blood cell antiserum (Forssman antibody) was studied. The antibody was introduced by a catheter into the abdominal aorta close to the openings of renal arteries. Glomerular lesions were observed 6 h following the injection: increased cellularity at the expense of polymorphonuclear and mononuclear cells, widened mesangial regions, deposits of fuchsinophilic material in the mesangium and capillary loops. By immunofluorescence the antibody was detected in the mesangial region extending to adjacent capillary loops, but it was not possible to demonstrate the presence of complement with certainty. The presence of subepithelial nodules on the glomerular basement membrane and deposits in the mesangium was demonstrated by electron microscopy. These findings suggest that this glomerulopathy induced by Forssman antibody may be a simple and reproducible model for the study of mesangial lesions. PMID- 3901165 TI - Preserved incretin effect after complete surgical denervation of the pancreas in young pigs. AB - Plasma insulin responses to intragastric (i.g.) (1.5 g/kg b.wt.) and "isoglycemic" intravenous (i.v.) glucose were measured in ten unanesthetized young pigs to assess the contribution of gastrointestinal factors to the total insulin secretion as observed after i.g. glucose. The participation of nerves was estimated by comparing metabolic tests performed before and after total surgical pancreatic denervation. In the five animals which survived the procedure, 52.6% of the insulin response after i.g. glucose was calculated to be due to incretion factors, a value similar to the 54.8% found in the preoperative series (with intact pancreatic innervation). The response of IR-GIP to i.g. glucose was not significantly different between preoperative and postoperative tests, although a subtotal duodenectomy had to be performed in the course of the operation designed to completely denervate the pancreas. Intragastric and i.v. (also tested by bolus glucose injection) glucose tolerance was almost identical before and after the operation. It was concluded that nerves do not seem to play a major role in mediating the incretin effect in pigs. Hormonal factors, including GIP, appear to be more important. PMID- 3901166 TI - Regression of uveal malignant melanomas following cobalt-60 plaque. Correlates between acoustic spectrum analysis and tumor regression. AB - Parameters derived from computer analysis of digital radio-frequency (rf) ultrasound scan data of untreated uveal malignant melanomas were examined for correlations with tumor regression following cobalt-60 plaque. Parameters included tumor height, normalized power spectrum and acoustic tissue type (ATT). Acoustic tissue type was based upon discriminant analysis of tumor power spectra, with spectra of tumors of known pathology serving as a model. Results showed ATT to be correlated with tumor regression during the first 18 months following treatment. Tumors with ATT associated with spindle cell malignant melanoma showed over twice the percentage reduction in height as those with ATT associated with mixed/epithelioid melanomas. Pre-treatment height was only weakly correlated with regression. Additionally, significant spectral changes were observed following treatment. Ultrasonic spectrum analysis thus provides a noninvasive tool for classification, prediction and monitoring of tumor response to cobalt-60 plaque. PMID- 3901167 TI - Ocular reticulum cell sarcoma. Clinicopathologic correlation of a case with multifocal lesions. AB - A 56-year-old man presented with recalcitrant uveitis with anterior chamber and vitreous cells. He developed small scattered lesions in the macular areas of both eyes, which disappeared in the right eye and evolved to multifocal, discrete, punched-out lesions resembling birdshot retinochoroidopathy in the left eye. Ocular reticulum cell sarcoma (RCS) was suspected but was not confirmed by diagnostic vitrectomy. The patient died 3 years later and was found to have RCS with central nervous system and ocular involvement. The occurrence of tumor cells under the retinal pigment was the apparent cause of the multifocal lesions that disappeared in the right eye and that led to discrete punched-out lesions with no scarring in the left eye. PMID- 3901168 TI - [Periodontal considerations in orthodontics]. PMID- 3901169 TI - [Effect of Actisoufre on the mucosa in rhinosinus pathology using the Proetz displacement technic]. PMID- 3901170 TI - [Comparative anti-ischemic activity of atenolol and diltiazem. Crossed single blind randomized study using a computerized exercise test]. AB - The anti-ischaemic activities of atenolol (200 mg) and diltiazem (240 mg) were compared in 23 patients undergoing retraining 4 weeks after a limited postero inferior or anterior primary myocardial infarction. The patients, who had signs of residual ischaemia during stress with or without angina, were subjected to 3 exercise tests on a bicycle ergometer; a computer was used to analyze the results (Case-Marquette). The first test was performed under placebo, the second after randomized treatment with one of the two drugs and the third test after taking the other drug. The parameters evaluated were: total duration of the test, time of occurrence of a 1 mm ST-segment depression, maximal work load and total work performed, heart rate, systolic arterial pressure, heart rate X systolic arterial pressure product at rest and at submaximal and maximal stress, and ST depression at submaximal and maximal stress. The results showed that exertion was improved to the same degree by the two drugs, but atenolol had greater anti-ischaemic activity than diltiazem. PMID- 3901171 TI - [Sucralfate: development of a new concept of anti-ulcer treatment. Review of its pharmacodynamic properties]. AB - Sucralfate, a new drug for peptic ulcer disease, is a sulfated disaccharide, basic aluminium sucrose sulfate complex. Its development is the result of a lot studies on sulfated polysaccharides, well-known for their antipeptic activities and also, for their anticoagulant activities. Sucralfate is free from toxicity, including anticoagulant activity like all the disaccharides and is an antiulcer agent better than other drugs of its chemical family. Sucralfate is characterized by the following properties: When exposed to gastric acid, it turns into a viscous and adhesive substance which binds selectively and durably to the lesions of gastric and duodenal mucosa. The affinity of sucralfate for defective mucosa is explained by the formation of electrostatic bindings between the negatively charged sucralfate polyanions and the positively charged proteins exuding from lesions. Barrier effect to the penetration of acid, pepsin and bile salts. Interference with binding of the pepsin with the lesions. Adsorption of pepsin and bile salts. Protection of normal mucosa weakness of the reaction with acid. Possibility of stimulation of synthesis of local prostaglandins. Sucralfate is slightly absorbed by the digestive mucosa. That explains the absence of systemic effects and of toxicity. The pharmacodynamic effects corroborated by good therapeutical results make sucralfate an original antiulcer drug which leads a new way in the treatment of peptic disease. PMID- 3901172 TI - [Maintenance therapy of ulcer disease. Comparative multicenter study of sucralfate, cimetidine and a placebo]. AB - Relapse rates were studied in one hundred patients in a multicentric, randomized trial during and after maintenance therapy comparing sucralfate, cimetidine and placebo. These patients were previously treated by cimetidine for peptic ulcer and were considered cured after endoscopic examination. Outpatients were randomly assigned to a 6 month maintenance treatment with either cimetidine (600 mg daily), sucralfate (300 mg daily) or a placebo. All patients underwent endoscopic evaluation after 3 and 6 months of therapy. A clinical evaluation was performed 6 months after all treatment had ceased. Clinical and endoscopic results proved the significant superiority of both sucralfate and cimetidine over the placebo. Remission rates with sucralfate were respectively 80,4 p. 100 after 6 months and 68,5 p. 100 after 12 months. These results were slightly superior to those observed with cimetidine (69,3 p. 100 and 61,3 p. 100). However, this difference is not statistically significant. Results for the placebo group were 47,9 p. 100 and 37,7 p. 100. Sucralfate is an effective medication in preventing the recurrence of peptic ulcer. Its pharmacological action, its few side effects and its effectiveness seem to make this medication very interesting in treating the ulcerous disease. PMID- 3901173 TI - Overuse injuries in sports. A review. AB - Because knowledge of overuse syndromes is limited, the diagnosis and treatment of these conditions are a challenge to sports medicine physicians. Trial and error methods of treatment and too little attention to basic research have resulted in less than optimum solutions. We do know that these maladies most frequently result from overload or repetitive microtrauma stemming from extrinsic factors such as training errors, poor performance, poor techniques and inappropriate surfaces or intrinsic factors including malalignment and muscle imbalance. Overuse injuries involving the muscles include compartment syndromes and muscle soreness; while those involving the tendons result from a variety of degenerative and inflammatory processes. Overstress of bone results in stress fractures, apophysitis and periostitis. Bursitis and joint overstress problems are also discussed briefly. General guidelines for establishing the appropriate diagnosis are: the initial stages of therapy require rest, often a modification or scaled down exposure to the athlete's usual performance rather than complete abstinence; in acutely symptomatic cases pain medications and various measures to control inflammation may be necessary; an exercise programme should start early with range of motion exercises and isometric muscle contractions; when pain allows, dynamic muscle and flexibility exercises can resume together with a conditioning programme; if possible, eccentric exercises should be performed. The treatment may also include other conservative treatment modalities and surgery in special cases. Overuse injuries constitute a great diagnostic and therapeutic problem because the symptoms are often diffuse and uncharacteristic. An appropriate diagnosis followed by adequate treatment can improve or eliminate most of these conditions, but perhaps even more importantly a proper understanding of overuse syndromes should allow physicians to assist athletes, trainers, and coaches in preventing them. PMID- 3901175 TI - [The Doppler apparatus and digestive surgery]. PMID- 3901174 TI - Factors influencing the exercise behaviour of patients. AB - The sports physician faces major practical problems in stimulating the activity of sedentary patients, and also ensuring their subsequent adherence to a prescribed exercise regimen. Both individual and society bear some responsibility for poor exercise compliance. Patients are most likely to persist with programmes which are well-adapted to their physical, physiological, psychological and socioeconomic characteristics. The quality of leadership is also an important variable. Open-ended and structured questionnaires suggest that motivations to exercise include the improvement of health, the development of fitness, the control of bodyweight as well as an improvement in personal appearance, socialising, and simply a wish to 'feel better'. The main perceived reason why people 'drop out' of formal exercise classes is through lack of time, although often the individuals making this complaint appear to have substantial free time. Personality characteristics of the adherent depend on the type of programme that is offered and the degree of social support that is provided; extraversion, a high self-esteem and self-motivation are common findings. Modelling of exercise behaviour has drawn upon the concepts of Skinner, Becker and most recently Fishbein. Beliefs and their evaluation seem more influential than subjective norms, although exercise behaviour is also heavily influenced by past experience of physical activity. Programmes should be designed to maximise external reinforcement of the exercise habit until the early discomforts of training are overcome, and the patient discovers the internal rewards of a more active lifestyle. PMID- 3901176 TI - [Upper abdominal pain, hepatomegaly, fever]. PMID- 3901177 TI - [Special fistulas and anal abscesses]. PMID- 3901178 TI - [Sexually transmitted diseases of the perianal and perineal region]. PMID- 3901179 TI - [The Medical Polyclinic of the University of Geneva and its history. III. The human context: patients, physicians, managers]. PMID- 3901180 TI - Islet pathology and the pathogenesis of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus revisited. AB - The present review draws attention to the diversity of islet lesions seen in human type 1 and type 2 diabetes. This heterogeneity of islet changes is best demonstrated by immunocytochemistry. In type 1 diabetes the endocrine pancreas is characterized by selective loss of B cells, which most likely results from a slowly acting autoimmune process depending on the presence of both genetic and environmental factors. The process starts years before overt diabetes develops and manifests when the B-cell volume is reduced by about 80%. In type 2 diabetes B cells are always present, regardless of the duration and severity of the disease, but lack any signs of functional activity. This reflects a secretory defect of the B cells which obviously becomes evident under the conditions of obesity, hyperinsulinism and insulin resistance. Obese but non-diabetic subjects show, in parallel to their hyperinsulinism, an increased B cell volume, suggesting that under prediabetic conditions the B cells have still the capacity to respond to increased functional demands by enhanced proliferation. In manifest diabetes the B cells have lost their proliferative potential. Whether this is due to an inherent defect or the consequence of a functional disturbance, is not clear. The development of islet amyloidosis most likely represents an associated functional abnormality of the B cell. PMID- 3901181 TI - The microbiology and pathogenesis of pseudomembranous colitis. PMID- 3901182 TI - [Central oculomotor circuits]. AB - Recent data and hypotheses concerning the central oculomotor pathways are reviewed. Lateral and vertical eye movements are discussed successively, beginning in each case with the final common pathway and then progressing step by step along the main supranuclear tracts selectively involved in the 3 types of eye movements: vestibular movements, saccades and smooth pursuit. It is now established that the final common pathway of lateral eye movements in frontal eyed species is the abducens nucleus, which controls not only the ipsilateral lateral rectus, but also, through the internuclear neurons, almost all the conjugate lateral activity of the opposite medial rectus. The ascending tract of Deiters, providing direct excitatory vestibular signals to the medial rectus motoneurons, could either have totally regressed in man or would play only a minor functional role. Likewise, a direct inhibition of the medial rectus motoneurons now seems unlikely or ineffective, the relaxation of this muscle resulting essentially from the disfacilitation mediated by the abducens internuclear neurons. This particular mechanism could be explained by the fact that the medial rectus motoneurons also receive messages of convergence, a slow disjunctive movement independent of lateral eye movements. Convergence is performed by excitatory reticular neurons near the oculomotor nucleus and by inhibitory pathways projecting onto the abducens motoneurons, perhaps passing through the internuclear neurons of the oculomotor nucleus. The premotor relay of horizontal reflex eye movements is the medial vestibular nucleus (M.V.N.) which contains excitatory and inhibitory neurons projecting onto the contralateral and ipsilateral abducens nuclei respectively. Afferences of the M.V.N. arise from: the labyrinth, through the vestibular nerve (vestibulo-ocular reflex); the neck, through the dorsal part of the medullary tegmentum (cervico-ocular reflex); the peripheral retina and the visual pathways (for the vestibular contribution of optokinetic nystagmus), perhaps via the pretectum, the nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis (N.R.T.P.) and/or the nucleus prepositus hypoglossi (N.P.H.) (visuo-ocular reflex). The premotor relay for all ipsilateral saccades is the paramedian pontine reticular formation (P.R.F.) which excites the ipsilateral abducens nucleus and inhibits the contralateral abducens nucleus, via the burst inhibitory neurons located ventrally to the ipsilateral abducens nucleus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3901183 TI - [Lupus nephritis in men and women]. PMID- 3901184 TI - [Diagnostic criteria of gout for mass examinations]. PMID- 3901185 TI - [Clinical course of nephropathy in gout starting in youth]. PMID- 3901186 TI - [Effect of riboxin (inosine) on the chronobiological indices of purine metabolism in gout]. PMID- 3901187 TI - [Joint syndrome in the early diagnosis of rheumatic diseases in adolescents]. PMID- 3901188 TI - [Continuously recurring rheumocarditis]. PMID- 3901189 TI - [Synovial chondromatosis: diagnosis and treatment]. PMID- 3901190 TI - [Joint lesions in xanthomatosis patients]. PMID- 3901191 TI - [Diagnosis of systemic vasculitis in rheumatoid arthritis patients (a clinico immunomorphological study)]. PMID- 3901192 TI - [Amino acid composition of the components of the resochin test under normal conditions and in rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 3901193 TI - [Outcomes in infectious endocarditis in relation to the time of starting treatment and the type of causative agent]. PMID- 3901194 TI - [Results of multi-year observations following aortic valve prosthesis]. PMID- 3901195 TI - [Physical work capacity and characteristics of adaptive reactions in patients with combined mitral heart defects at the compensation stage based on data from the oxygen work regimen]. PMID- 3901196 TI - [Isolability of serological group A streptococci using the filter paper strip method]. PMID- 3901197 TI - [Sexual dimorphism in rheumatic diseases]. PMID- 3901198 TI - [Colchicine (problems of its pharmacokinetics, mechanism of action and use in therapeutic practice)]. PMID- 3901199 TI - [Lung lesion in rheumatoid arthritis patients]. PMID- 3901200 TI - [Difficulties in the diagnosis of Reiter's disease]. PMID- 3901201 TI - [Rheumatic masks of malignant tumors]. PMID- 3901202 TI - Imipenem: the first thienamycin antibiotic. PMID- 3901203 TI - Changing etiology of nosocomial bacteremia and fungemia and other hospital acquired infections. AB - Serial surveys on the etiology of nosocomial bacteremia have been conducted over a period of years at Boston City Hospital (Boston) and Grady Memorial Hospital (Atlanta). A comparison of the information from these surveys with that from single-period surveys at 10 other hospitals in the United States illustrates changes in the etiology of nosocomial bloodstream infection over the past five decades. Prominent trends include an increased frequency of episodes of polymicrobial bacteremia, an increased frequency of sequential episodes of bacteremia in the same patient, a resurgence of infection due to Staphylococcus aureus, the recognition of Staphylococcus epidermidis and other components of the endogenous flora as pathogens, and an increased prominence of enterococci, gram negative aerobic bacilli, anaerobes, and fungi as agents of nosocomial bloodstream infection. Changes in the etiology of nosocomial infection that are not illustrated by the data on bacteremia include an increased appreciation of the importance of viruses, a diminished role for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and the description of new and unusual pathogens, usually in patients with compromised host defenses. This last trend can be expected to continue. PMID- 3901204 TI - Bacterial pathogens of increasing significance in hospital-acquired infections. AB - Despite the introduction of many effective antibiotics and an increased understanding of appropriate infection control measures, new pathogens continue to emerge as nosocomial opportunities. Some of these bacteria have developed increased antibiotic resistance; others have acquired the ability to survive in antiseptics, in intravenous infusion solutions, or on intravascular catheters; and still others are ubiquitous in the hospital and readily colonize compromised patients. Because some of these organisms are fastidious, they have not always been readily cultured and identified. Other species have not been fully appreciated as nosocomial pathogens because of taxonomic uncertainties. The changing spectrum of hospital-acquired infection continues to pose new challenges that necessitate the development of highly active agents such as imipenem for effective treatment. PMID- 3901205 TI - Current needs in chemotherapy for bacterial and fungal infections. AB - Failure of therapy for microbial infections may be related to a number of factors, a major one being drug resistance. Although much progress has been made during the past decade, agents are still needed for improved treatment of infections in which clinical success rates remain unsatisfactory. Problem pathogens include enteric bacteria such as Serratia species, Enterobacter species, and a number of nonfermenting gram-negative bacilli, including Pseudomonas species. Gram-positive organisms that continue to pose a significant therapeutic problem are the coagulase-positive and coagulase-negative staphylococci and enterococci. Atypical mycobacterial species offer major therapeutic challenges. No important broad-spectrum antifungal agents of low toxicity have been developed during the past two decades. Any new antibacterial or antifungal agent should be potent, safe, and well tolerated and should possess pharmacokinetic advantages that will lead to more simplified dosing; low cost would be an additional important advantage. PMID- 3901206 TI - In vitro activity of imipenem against anaerobic bacteria. AB - The in vitro activity of imipenem, metronidazole, clindamycin, moxalactam, and cefoxitin against 203 strains of anaerobic bacteria isolated from patients at the Veterans Administration Wadsworth Medical Center in Los Angeles was studied. Imipenem and metronidazole were the most active agents overall, inhibiting 98% and 99%, respectively, of all anaerobes tested. At breakpoint levels all of the agents tested were very active against anaerobic cocci. Clostridium perfringens, and Bacteroides species other than those of the Bacteroides fragilis group. Imipenem, metronidazole, and clindamycin were the most active agents against the B. fragilis group in this study, although more recent experience with clindamycin indicates less potency. Marked variation among the susceptibility results obtained at various centers may be due to differences in technique, including inoculum size, media, and incubation time. In all instances, however, imipenem has clearly been the most active of the beta-lactam agents. PMID- 3901207 TI - Prospective randomized comparison of imipenem/cilastatin and cefotaxime for treatment of lung, soft tissue, and renal infections. AB - Thirty-one moderately or severely ill hospitalized patients with proved (25 patients) or suspected (six) bacterial infections were randomly allocated to receive imipenem/cilastatin (16) or cefotaxime (15). The median age, sex, duration of therapy, underlying disease, and types of infection were similar in both groups. Nineteen patients with pneumonia, eight with soft tissue infection, and four with acute pyelonephritis were included. The pathogens isolated included Escherichia coli (six), Streptococcus pneumoniae (five), Streptococcus pyogenes (five), Haemophilus species (four), Proteus species (three), Staphylococcus aureus (three), and Serratia marcescens (two). In the imipenem/cilastatin group, 13 patients were cured of their infections and three showed improvement. In the cefotaxime group, nine were cured, three showed improvement, and three showed no improvement. Nine patients treated with imipenem/cilastatin developed phlebitis, as compared with eight treated with cefotaxime. One patient treated with cefotaxime developed diarrhea. During therapy, potential pathogens were isolated from four patients in the imipenem/cilastatin group (Candida species [two] and Pseudomonas maltophilia [two]), as compared with eight in the cefotaxime group (enterococci [two], Pseudomonas aeruginosa [two], Candida species [two], Acinetobacter anitratus [one], and Pseudomonas fluorescens [one]). There were no recognized superinfections. PMID- 3901208 TI - Comparative clinical evaluation of imipenem/cilastatin vs. cefotaxime in treatment of severe bacterial infections. AB - Adult patients with severe bacterial infections caused by organisms susceptible to imipenem and cefotaxime were given either imipenem/cilastatin sodium (MK0787/MK0791) or cefotaxime as a part of a multiclinic randomized study to evaluate the effectiveness, safety, and tolerability of imipenem/cilastatin. Clinical diagnoses included bacteremia, urinary tract infection, osteomyelitis, mediastinitis, lower respiratory tract infection, and soft tissue infection. Efficacy was evaluated for 10 patients given imipenem/cilastatin and for 10 patients given cefotaxime. Major pathogens isolated included Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella species, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Bacteroides fragilis, and Peptostreptococcus species. Satisfactory clinical responses were noted in 90% of the patients in both treatment groups. Eradication of the pathogen was achieved in nine of 10 patients treated with imipenem/cilastatin and in 10 of 10 patients treated with cefotaxime. No major adverse effects were found in patients in each treatment group. The results of this study suggest that imipenem/cilastatin sodium is a relatively safe and effective antibiotic for the treatment of adult patients with severe infections caused by susceptible organisms. PMID- 3901209 TI - Imipenem/cilastatin vs. gentamicin/clindamycin for the treatment of moderate to severe infections in hospitalized patients. AB - Imipenem/cilastatin was compared with the combination of gentamicin plus clindamycin in terms of efficacy and safety for the treatment of moderate to severe infections in an open, randomized study. The rates of cure achieved with the two regimens were similar. Gentamicin/clindamycin treatment failed only in two of four instances of severe infection. Patients given imipenem/cilastatin seemed to respond more rapidly to treatment; this observation applied both to the entire group treated and to the subgroup with moderate intraabdominal infections. Susceptible etiologic agents were more frequently eradicated by imipenem/cilastatin (95%) than by gentamicin/clindamycin (79%). The most common adverse reactions were nausea or vomiting in patients given imipenem/cilastatin and urinary abnormalities in those given gentamicin/clindamycin. Self-limited diarrhea was observed with equal frequency in the two groups. No adverse reactions required the discontinuation of treatment. Colonization or superinfection with resistant organisms and Pseudomonas aeruginosa occurred significantly more often among patients given gentamicin/clindamycin. These results suggest that imipenem/cilastatin is a promising alternative to the combination of gentamicin and clindamycin for the treatment of moderate to severe infections in hospitalized patients. PMID- 3901210 TI - Clinical experience with imipenem/cilastatin: analysis of a multicenter study. AB - For 256 of the 338 patients in a multicenter study treated with imipenem/cilastatin (mean daily dosage, 1.6 g per day; mean duration of treatment, 8.5 days) for a variety of infections, 286 infections were microbiologically proven. Clinical cure was achieved in 216 of these infections and improvement, in 18. Ninety-eight of these infections were classified as severe or moderately severe. The infecting pathogen was eradicated in 79% of the infections. Therapy with imipenem/cilastatin was discontinued in 10(3%) of 338 patients because of adverse gastrointestinal effects. Pathologic laboratory parameters were reported for 28 patients (8%); in only one patient with thrombocytopenia was therapy discontinued. Renal tolerance of imipenem/cilastatin was good, and no nephrotoxicity was observed. From the susceptibility tests available for 452 bacterial strains, a susceptibility breakpoint of less than or equal to 8 micrograms/ml is recommended. PMID- 3901211 TI - Imipenem/cilastatin in acute pulmonary exacerbations of cystic fibrosis. AB - Nineteen patients with pulmonary exacerbations of cystic fibrosis due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa were given imipenem/cilastatin for six to 10 days at dosages of 30-90 mg/kg per day. Mean Shwachman scores rose from 46.6 to 50.3 (P less than .001), clinical efficacy scores from 34.3 to 43.3 (P less than .001), vital capacity from 53.7% to 58.5% of the predicted value (P less than .01), forced expiratory volume in 1 sec from 39.5% to 42.6%, and partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood from 68.2 mm Hg to 72.6 mm Hg. Treatment failed in only two instances. The concentration of P. aeruginosa in the sputum decreased to a modest extent (8.5 log10 cfu/ml on day 1, 8.1 log10 cfu/ml on day 10; P greater than .1). Four patients had imipenem-resistant strains of P. aeruginosa at the start of therapy, and 11 additional patients developed resistant strains during treatment; in eight patients greater than 90% of all Pseudomonas organisms in the sputum were resistant at the end of therapy. Six patients acquired Candida in their sputum. There was no correlation between bacteriologic improvement or the development of resistance to imipenem and either clinical outcome or improvement in pulmonary function. In summary, imipenem/cilastatin therapy is associated with a good clinical outcome in patients with cystic fibrosis, but resistance emerges rapidly. PMID- 3901212 TI - Imipenem/cilastatin in the treatment of serious bacterial infections. AB - Imipenem (N-formimidoyl thienamycin) is a new carbapenem beta-lactam antibiotic with a broad antibacterial spectrum. Forty-five patients were treated with either 500 or 1,000 mg of imipenem/cilastatin four times daily, the duration varying according to clinical response. The diagnoses were urinary tract infection, 10 patients; septicemia, six; intraabdominal sepsis, six; pneumonia, six (two cases of Legionnaires' disease); skin and soft tissue infection, four; and other diagnoses, 13. Of the 32 clinically assessable patients, 17 were cured, nine improved, three died, and three were withdrawn from the trial. Of 21 patients who were microbiologically assessable, 13 were cured. In six cases of complicated urinary tract infection, the organism--which had been eradicated from the urine during treatment--reappeared after completion of antibiotic therapy. Two patients developed adverse clinical reactions that were thought to be drug-related (drug induced fever and nausea plus vomiting, respectively). Both patients had mildly abnormal results in liver function tests, and one developed a positive direct Coombs' test. Fifty-seven percent of the patients developed some degree of phlebitis, which was moderate to severe in 19%. In this study imipenem/cilastatin proved to be a highly effective agent for the treatment of a variety of serious bacterial infections. PMID- 3901213 TI - Open trial of imipenem/cilastatin therapy for serious bacterial infections. AB - Imipenem is a new beta-lactam antibiotic with a wide spectrum of activity against gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. The efficacy and toxicity of this drug, when administered parenterally in combination with the dehydropeptidase I inhibitor cilastatin, were studied in 41 hospitalized patients with serious infections. Clinical cure was achieved in 26 (79%) of the 33 patients who could be evaluated and microbiologic cure in 23 (85%) of the 27 patients who could be evaluated. Adverse clinical or laboratory reactions were observed in seven (17%) of the 41 patients. Thus, imipenem/cilastatin was highly effective in the treatment of a wide variety of serious bacterial infections. PMID- 3901214 TI - Imipenem/cilastatin therapy for serious bacterial infections. AB - Imipenem was administered intravenously with cilastatin to patients with suspected or documented significant infections. The mean peak serum level of imipenem 30 min after infusion of a 500 mg dose was 18.4 micrograms/ml, and the mean trough level (30 min before infusion) was 2.4 micrograms/ml. The organisms isolated before therapy included Enterobacteriaceae, Staphylococcus aureus, streptococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and anaerobes. The response rate in 25 assessable patients was 96%, with 40% experiencing a complete cure and 56% improvement. Therapy failed in only one instance because an isolate of P. aeruginosa was mistakenly reported to be susceptible on disk testing. Toxicity in the 33 patients treated was generally minimal and included phlebitis, mild liver function abnormalities, eosinophilia, and thrombocytosis. The emergence of resistant organisms during therapy was very uncommon. Imipenem/cilastatin is a promising agent for the treatment of complicated infections. PMID- 3901215 TI - Imipenem/cilastatin in the treatment of intraabdominal infections: a review of worldwide experience. AB - Imipenem is a new broad-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic, which when administered with cilastatin may be a suitable alternative to the combination of an aminoglycoside and either clindamycin or a nitroimidazole as therapy for intraabdominal infections. The clinical and microbiologic results for 164 assessable patients given imipenem/cilastatin for intraabdominal infections are reported. Only three of 416 bacterial strains isolated prior to therapy from intraabdominal infection sites were resistant to imipenem (one of Staphylococcus epidermidis, one of Morganella morganii, and one of the Fusobacterium varium). Resistance acquired during treatment was reported in four cases: for three strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and for one strain of Proteus mirabilis. Of 412 strains susceptible to imipenem prior to therapy, 359 were eradicated during treatment. The frequency of clinical cure or improvement was 91%. Imipenem/cilastatin seems to be a useful alternative to the combination of an aminoglycoside with either clindamycin or a nitroimidazole. PMID- 3901216 TI - Imipenem/cilastatin in the treatment of obstetric and gynecologic infections: a review of worldwide experience. AB - Worldwide experience with imipenem/cilastatin in the treatment of 72 patients with a variety of obstetric and gynecologic infections is reviewed. Clinical cure or improvement occurred in 97% of 72 assessable patients. The most common etiologic pathogens were Escherichia coli, group B streptococci, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Staphylococcus epidermidis, enterococci, Bacteroides bivius, Bacteroides species, Bacteroides fragilis, and Peptostreptococcus. Of the recovered pathogens, 99.5% were susceptible to imipenem/cilastatin. Bacteriologic response was also excellent and none of the pathogens acquired resistance to imipenem. Most patients tolerated intravenous administration of imipenem/cilastatin well to moderately well. PMID- 3901217 TI - Efficacy and safety of imipenem/cilastatin: a review of worldwide clinical experience. AB - The clinical experience of 1,723 patients treated with imipenem/cilastatin in worldwide clinical trials is reviewed. Dosages of imipenem administered parenterally with cilastatin varied with the severity of the infection and included 250 mg four times a day; 500 mg three or four times a day, and 1 g three of four times a day. Infections of all body systems except the central nervous system due to gram-positive or gram-negative aerobes and anaerobes as well as those due to mixed organisms were treated. Clinical efficacy was demonstrated in 92% of infections. The adverse clinical and laboratory experiences associated with imipenem/cilastatin were similar to those of other beta-lactam agents and included disturbances of gastrointestinal and central nervous system function, allergic reactions, and transient elevations of liver enzyme levels. PMID- 3901218 TI - [Double-blind study of Biostim in the prevention of superinfection in patients with chronic bronchopathy]. AB - In a multicenter trial conducted with patients suffering from chronic bronchopathy, Biostim, an immunomodulating compound of biological origin has been studied using the double-blind placebo-controlled method for prevention of respiratory tract infections. One hundred and ten patients from 10 french pneumology health centers entered the study. The treatment was administered at random in three sequences of 8 days a month for 3 months (2 mg/day the first month, 1 mg/day the second and third months). Patients were separated into 2 groups regarding severity of the disease: group I (non complicated chronic bronchitis); group II (obstructive chronic bronchitis with or without respiratory failure). Patients were examined during 6 months with a monthly appraisal of number, duration and treatment clinically defined infectious episodes. The study of propensity to infections with respect to severity of the disease in patients given placebo showed a significantly lower number of infectious episodes in group I when compared to group II. In the group I (patients suffering from simple chronic bronchitis), no significant difference could be noted between placebo and Biostim but, at all events, the low frequency of episodes makes it difficult to evidence a protective effect in such a group. In contrast, with patients presenting a high infectious risk (group II), one can observe in Biostim treated patients compared with placebo group a significant decrease of infectious episodes and a larger number of patients standing free of episodes throughout the whole period of trial. Tolerance to Biostim has revealed itself satisfactory. PMID- 3901219 TI - [Staphylococcal enterotoxins]. PMID- 3901220 TI - [Laboratory diagnosis and treatment of chronic refractory conjunctivitis]. PMID- 3901222 TI - [Continuing education]. PMID- 3901221 TI - [Relation between human medicine and veterinary medicine; gleanings from and thoughts on the volume "Pages from the Past of Rumanian Veterinary Medicine"]. PMID- 3901223 TI - [Jean-Baptiste Pussin (1745-1811), hospital supervisor]. PMID- 3901224 TI - Review and evaluation of the NCI/NTP carcinogenesis bioassays. AB - A comparison of the carcinogenesis bioassay results obtained by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) and the National Toxicology Program (NTP) indicates that approximately one-half of the bioassays directed by both institutions were positive for carcinogenicity. The more recent 85 bioassays completed by NTP reveal a higher proportion of studies interpreted as demonstrating no evidence of carcinogenicity than represented in the initial 198 bioassays conducted by NCI. Of the 100 NCI bioassays that were not positive for carcinogenicity 3 (3%) were classified in the category of "no evidence for carcinogenicity in two animal species." Of the 43 NTP bioassays that were not positive for carcinogenicity 36 (84%) were placed in the category of "no carcinogenic effects." The reason for this shift from a 33:1 positive to negative ratio in the NCI bioassays to an approximately 1:1 ratio in the NTP bioassays appears to be a difference in interpretation of the adequacy of the testing. For example, 6 of the 36 NTP negative bioassays involved testing in only one species. Uniform criteria for concluding that a bioassay is negative must be developed and the results of all existing and future carcinogenesis bioassays must be interpreted with these exclusive criteria. Other bioassay problems are explored, including the incomplete validation of the carcinogenesis bioassay protocol by confirmatory results with positive and negative reference agents, the apparent lack of bioavailability data for some orally administered negative compounds, the continued use of mouse hepatic neoplasia as a single discriminating parameter, the variability in the inter- and intrastudy incidence of spontaneous tumors, and the continued reliance on the maximum tolerated dose. PMID- 3901225 TI - Differentiation of disease recurrence in various primary malignancies using CEA slope analysis. AB - CEA slope analysis was performed for patients with various primary malignancies who developed recurrent disease. In 340 cases CEA slopes could be calculated, and in 289 cases correlated with distinct diagnosis of recurrent disease. Local recurrence showed a slope range of 0.02-15.2 micrograms CEA increase/l serum/10 days (median = 0.28) and metastatic spread a slope range of 0.03-456 micrograms CEA increase/l serum/10 days (median = 0.98). Subgroups of patients with metastatic spread to the liver, bone, peritoneum and other sites had distinct CEA slope distributions independent of the primary tumors. Comparable slope ranges were found with two different commercially available kits, one a radioimmunoassay (antiserum) and the other enzyme-immunoassay (monoclonal antibody). PMID- 3901226 TI - A review of studies in our laboratory regarding ELLA methodology for the study of cell surface carbohydrates from tumors of varying metastatic potential. AB - An enzyme-linked lectin assay, termed ELLA, has been developed to investigate differences in cell surface carbohydrate groups on the surface of murine fibrosarcoma cells of varying metastatic potential. We have conjugated alkaline phosphatase to Griffonia simplicifolia I-B4 and have obtained an enzymatically active probe for the detection of alpha-D-galactopyranosyl end groups. This probe has been used to detect different levels of expression of alpha-D-Galp end groups on the surface of unfixed murine tumor cell lines. Using the ELLA technique we have been able to demonstrate a correlation between the amount of these carbohydrate groups present on the cell surface and the degree of malignancy of the cell lines. Preliminary data suggest that the glycoprotein laminin accounts for a significant proportion of the cell surface alpha-D-Galp groups on these tumor cells and may play a functional role in their ability to metastasize. Furthermore, we have used ELLA to measure the binding of exogenous laminin to laminin-deficient cell lines and have found that this results in an increased ELLA reactivity. This increase corresponds to previously described increases in the malignant behavior of these cells after addition of exogenous laminin. PMID- 3901227 TI - [Treatment of acute adult respiratory distress syndrome]. PMID- 3901228 TI - [Value of the assay of urinary neopterin in multiple myeloma. Preliminary study]. AB - Urinary neopterin was assayed by HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography). 75 assays were performed in a population of 21 patients with multiple myeloma. There was a significant correlation between the urinary neopterin level and the electrophoretic peak, the R beta-2 microglobulinaemia ratio and the calculated tumour mass (Tbmc). This study demonstrates the value of this assay in the monitoring of patients with multiple myeloma. PMID- 3901229 TI - Endocrine diagnosis by ultrasound. II. The ovary. AB - With the improvements in the echographic technique achieved over the last 10 years, the echographic diagnosis in ovarian pathology has become more reliable. Understanding of the stages of development of follicles and ovulation has made it possible to control the efficacy of the treatment for infertility in females with ovulation failure, by ovulation inducing drugs and by selecting the best time for fertilization or extraction of the ovum for in vitro fertilization. Echography is at present a screening method for evaluating the gonadal morphologic status in gonadal failure and ovarian tumors. PMID- 3901230 TI - Reactivity of cold thyroid nodule under hormonal influences: study on cell cultures. AB - The authors have studied the reactivity of cold thyroid nodule cells (CN) by comparison with the reactivity of normal thyroid cells (Ty), hot nodules cells (N), Graves' disease cells (G) and cells from the area proximal to cold nodules (TyC), under the influence of increased amounts of T3, TSH, STH, insulin, estradiol and KI present in the culture medium. The experiment lasted for 9-10 days. The study was carried out on monolayer cultures of cells obtained by tripsinization and on organocultures. Proteic synthesis, cytochemical and cytoenzymatic activities in the culture under the influence of the above substances were examined comparatively. After interruption of the treatment, the monolayer cultures were stained with Giemsa and examined by light microscopy. Proteic synthesis and release of Tg, T3 and T4 into the culture medium, were also examined. The organocultures were used in evaluating 125I uptake from the medium under the influence of the treatment. The results showed variation in relation to the tissue and hormone dose applied. It was especially found that TSH and estradiol cause enlargement of CN cell nuclei and an increased number of mitoses and polyploidia which might be premises for possible malignization. PMID- 3901231 TI - Peptide hormones in saliva. I. Insulin in saliva during the oral glucose tolerance test in female patients. AB - The radioimmunoassay (RIA) of insulin was performed in the serum and saliva of 27 female patients during the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The patients were divided into two groups: 19 non-diabetic patients and 8 patients diagnosed as impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) disease. In one patient in each group, the OGTT was performed twice at intervals of 3-5 days. The results show that immunoreactive insulin (IRI) is present in saliva and its concentration increases during the glucose stimulation test from 6.48 +/- 1.13 microU/ml (means +/- SEM) in basal conditions at peak values of 45.46 +/- 10.14 microU/ml at 2 hrs after glucose intake. In patients with IGT salivary IRI increases from 5.18 +/- 1.39 microU/ml in basal conditions to peak values of 83.34 +/- 25.85 microU/ml at 3 hrs after glucose administration. Great response variations were observed either inter-individual or intraindividual in both groups of patients. Some patients had unusual high salivary IRI concentration especially in those with gastrointestinal troubles. Further, some hypotheses and experimental models, are advanced, considered useful for the explanation of the physiologic significance of the salivary IRI or of the IRI-like material. PMID- 3901232 TI - [Postirradiation changes in the levels of antithrombin III in the blood of rats subjected to whole-body irradiation]. PMID- 3901233 TI - [Immunologic findings in the parents of schizophrenic patients]. PMID- 3901234 TI - Prepyloric erosions and related changes. PMID- 3901235 TI - Persistence of gastric hypoacidity in uraemic patients after renal transplantation. AB - To evaluate the effect of renal transplantation on the frequent gastric hypoacidity encountered among uraemic patients, 84 patients (19 with chronic renal failure receiving dietary treatment, 29 receiving regular dialysis treatment, and 36 with a well-functioning renal transplant) were studied for their gastric acid secretory capacity. The mean duration of preoperative dialysis treatment of the dialysed patients was 13.7 months, and the mean length of postoperative follow-up study of the transplant patients was 10.1 months. The mean gastric acid secretory capacity of all three subgroups of renal patients was similar, and all these means fell within the reported reference interval of healthy controls. Gastric hypoacidity was observed in 26% of the non-dialysed and in 17% of the dialysed patients but also in 28% of the patients with a well functioning renal graft. Thus uraemia seems to result in gastric hypoacidity, which tends to persist for over 10 months after normalization of renal function through transplantation. PMID- 3901236 TI - Microprobe analysis in human pathology. AB - This tutorial paper reviews the literature on the application of microprobe analysis to practical problems in diagnostic human pathology. The goal is to allow the reader ready access to the literature on specific clinical problems. Specimen preparation and commonly encountered artifacts are also considered. It is concluded that energy dispersive x-ray microanalysis and back-scattered electron imaging are at present the most generally useful microprobe techniques for clinical work, and are no longer solely research tools. The findings often have diagnostic, therapeutic, and/or legal implications. PMID- 3901237 TI - Calcium oxalate urolithiasis in the rat: is it a model for human stone disease? A review of recent literature. AB - Calcium oxalate stone disease is the most common human urinary stone disease in the Western Hemisphere. To understand different aspects of the disease, calcium oxalate urolithiasis in the rat is used as a model. Spontaneous calcium oxalate urolithiasis is very rare in rats. Thus the disease is experimentally induced and the rats are generally made hyperoxaluric either by administration of excess oxalate, exposure to the toxin ethylene glycol, or various nutritional manipulations. All the experimental models show renal injury associated with crystal deposition. Calcium oxalate crystals are in most cases intraluminal in renal tubules and often attached to the basal lamina of the denuded epithelium. Rat renal papillary tips and fornices appear to be the preferential sites for the deposition of large calcium oxalate calculi. Where urinary supersaturation of calcium oxalate has been studied the crystal forming rat urines are shown to have higher urinary supersaturation of calcium oxalate than their controls. Oxalate metabolism in the rat is nearly identical to that in humans. Thus, in a number of respects, experimental calcium oxalate urolithiasis in the rat is similar to calcium oxalate stone disease in man. PMID- 3901238 TI - Survival and growth of adult human oligodendrocytes in culture: scanning electron microscopy. AB - The oligodendrocytes in culture serve as an important model for the study of demyelination diseases. We have previously originated a method of isolating human oligodendrocytes. In order to establish their three dimensional morphology, scanning electron microscopy of the cultured oligodendrocytes was performed. The oligodendrocytes bulk isolated from adult human brain were maintained in culture for more than 2 months. At the various periods in culture, the cells were studied by scanning electron microscopy and immunofluorescence staining using marker antibodies for the identification of oligodendrocytes. The three dimensional organization and the surface morphology of the cultured oligodendrocytes were investigated. They displayed an extensive network of the cell processes and characteristic surface morphology. PMID- 3901239 TI - Classification and prognostic variables in myelomatosis. AB - It is difficult to compare the results of treatment obtained in different trials in myelomatosis because different sets of diagnostic criteria are used, and because the criteria by which patients are deemed eligible for entry vary. Thus the composition of different series of patients varies considerably. Furthermore, the outcome of treatment is recorded in different ways. Uniformity in the diagnostic categories entered would reduce the variance in survival between different trials: for example, trials in myelomatosis should exclude patients with monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance, non-progressive or indolent myeloma, extramedullary plasmacytoma, and plasma-cell leukaemia. The subdivision into simple prognostic groupings such as those proposed by the Medical Research Council is helpful in interpreting the survival patterns in different trials in which the proportions of patients in different prognostic groups are likely to vary. These groupings and other staging systems do not correlate with responsiveness to treatment. Rapid responders fare worse than slow responders, and this might provide a basis for a second randomisation to test whether a change in treatment could benefit the rapid responders. PMID- 3901240 TI - Beta-2-microglobulin: a valuable parameter of stage, prognosis and response to treatment in myelomatosis. PMID- 3901241 TI - Multiple myeloma: current therapy and a glimpse of the future. AB - Patients with benign monoclonal gammopathy or smouldering multiple myeloma should not be treated. The plasma cell labelling index utilizing tritiated thymidine or a monoclonal antibody to 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine is helpful in differentiating patients with benign monoclonal gammopathy or smouldering myeloma from those with overt myeloma. Although combinations of chemotherapeutic agents seem to produce a greater number of objective responses than does melphalan-prednisone, a significant difference in survival has not been proved. Possibilities for future treatment include chemotherapy with large intravenous doses of melphalan, very small doses of cyclophosphamide or melphalan, the administration of hydroxyurea before chemotherapy, combination of interferon with alkylating agents, autologous bone marrow transplantation, and improvement of the soft-agar colony-forming assay for myeloma cells. The therapeutic use of monoclonal antibodies to plasma cell antigens may be possible in the future. Much more needs to be learned about the biologic basis of myeloma before real progress can be made. PMID- 3901242 TI - Some reflections on myeloma. PMID- 3901243 TI - The chemokinetic inhibitory factor (CIF) in serum of CLL patients: correlation with infection propensity and disease activity. AB - We have recently described the partial purification and characterization of a neutrophil migration inhibitory activity present in serum from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). This new lymphokine, the chemokinetic inhibitory factor (CIF), is produced by B-CLL cells. It is a heat-labile glycoprotein of an approximate molecular weight (m. w.) of 30000. In this extended investigation 64/89 CLL-patients had CIF in their serum. CLL serum diluted to a concentration of 0.02% gave significantly decreased chemokinetic activity, suggesting that CIF is potent at very low concentrations. 31/89 patients had increased infection propensity. Significantly more patients with CIF in serum had infections compared to the group with normal susceptibility to infections. The combination of low Ig levels and CIF in serum discriminated even better between the infection-prone and non-infection-prone patients. CIF in serum was not correlated to tumour cell mass - estimated by Rai clinical staging - tumour progression or deoxythymidine kinase, S-TK, an enzyme that may reflect proliferating cells. The existence of this new lymphokine in serum seems to contribute to the increased susceptibility to infections seen in CLL patients. PMID- 3901244 TI - Aggressive combination chemotherapy in multiple myeloma. A multicentre trial. Finnish Leukaemia Group. AB - A one-armed multicentre trial was conducted in Finland during the period from Jan. 1979 to Feb. 1980 to document the possible beneficial effect of aggressive combination chemotherapy MOCCA on the remission induction and survival in multiple myeloma. The regimen MOCCA consisted of vincristine, methylprednisolone and 3 alkylating agents. Of the 50 patients eligible for the for study, 39 (78%) achieved at least a 50% response. 27 (54%) achieved an excellent response. The median survival time for all patients was 49 months from the initiation of the treatment, but 23 of the 33 patients whose myeloma protein had shown a greater than or equal to or greater than or equal to 75% reduction were still alive at 4 yr. Advanced clinical stage and irreversible renal damage had a negative prognostic value. After 12 months on regimen MOCCA the patients with a greater than or equal to or greater than or equal to 75% reduction in myeloma protein were allocated at random to receive MOCCA courses bimonthly or no further chemotherapy. The maintenance chemotherapy did not prolong remission or survival. PMID- 3901245 TI - From the point of view of the B cell: considerations on B-cell activation. PMID- 3901246 TI - Tissue distribution of T-lymphocytes and Ia-expressing cells in rat kidney grafts. AB - In a rat kidney transplantation model, DA kidneys were transplanted into Lewis rats. Syngeneic Lewis transplantations were studied as controls. Histologic evaluation was made, and immunohistochemical staining with a single-staining peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique on frozen sections was performed after 2, 4, 6, and 8 days. Antibodies for Ia antigen (Ox 6), 'suppressor/cytotoxic' cells (Ox 8), pan-T cells (W 3/13), and 'helper/inducer' cells (W 3/25) were used. Allogeneic grafts were almost completely rejected in 8 days. Syngeneic grafts also showed lymphocyte infiltrates, somewhat later than allogeneic ones, but were not rejected. In these infiltrates W 3/25-positive cells dominated, being even more numerous than W 3/13-positive cells. Relatively fewer Ox 8-positive cells were seen in the infiltrates of syngeneic than in allogeneic transplants. Infiltrates occurred later in the renal medulla than in the cortex. Perivascular infiltrates with cells of all investigated phenotypes were seen earlier in allogeneic grafts than in syngeneic ones. All tubular cells within one renal tubule appeared either Ox 6-positive or -negative. With time, all tubules in the allogeneic transplants became Ox 6-positive. Some increase of Ox 6-positive tubules was also seen in syngeneic transplants. PMID- 3901247 TI - Characterization of T-lymphocyte colony-forming cells in the mouse. II. Colony forming cells are not confined to a selected age group of post-thymic T cells. AB - T-cell colony-forming cells (CFC), the cells from which T-lymphocyte colonies are initiated when cells are grown in semisolid medium, have been studied. CFC have previously been shown to be more frequent in populations of rather mature thymic cells and peripheral lymphocytes than in populations of immature cortical thymocytes. We have here evaluated whether CFC in spleen and lymph nodes are confined either to newly emigrated thymocytes or to older recirculating T cells. It is shown that CFC in spleen have the same Lyt phenotype as thymic and lymph node CFC, namely Lyt-1+2+, and that the peripheral complement of CFC is rather slowly built up after birth or after total body irradiation and bone marrow reconstitution. Results obtained after fluorescence-activated cell sorting, hydrocortisone injection, or thymectomy indicate that CFC are present in a broad variety of peripheral T-cell populations in accordance with age and thus that T cell colonies can be used to test the proliferative capacity of the 'average' peripheral T cells of the Lyt-1+2+ phenotype. PMID- 3901248 TI - Assessment of prosthetic mitral valve pressure gradients by means of ultrasound Doppler technique and on-line spectral analysis. AB - The blood speed through prosthetic mitral valves was determined using ultrasound Doppler techniques combined with on-line spectral analysis. Spectral analysis was particularly suitable for maximum velocity estimation due to its superior ability in discriminating between Doppler signals and white background noise. From a simplified Bernoulli equation the corresponding transprosthetic pressure drop was calculated and estimates were compared against pressure gradients obtained by conventional intracardiac catheterization. A close relationship between the ultrasonic- and the manometric transprosthetic pressure gradients was found, but the ultrasonic method tended to systematically underestimate the pressure gradients slightly. PMID- 3901249 TI - Comparison of bubble release from various types of oxygenators. AB - A comparative study of microbubble release from various types of oxygenators was performed using ultrasonic Doppler techniques. Bubble count versus amplitude histograms were calculated to derive the statistical distribution of the relative microbubble sizes. To compare the different oxygenators with respect to differences in microbubble releases, several key parameters as, temperature, liquid flow rate, gas to flow relationship, liquid level within the oxygenator, were altered one at a time to indicate different and oxygenator related sensitivities with respect to variations of the key parameters. PMID- 3901250 TI - [Physiology and pathology of the entero-insular axis]. AB - In the entero-insular axis, humoral factors predominate over neural factors. Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) is the most important incretin candidate. Release of GIP depends on nutrient absorption, and therefore secondary disturbances of GIP secretion occur in a number of gastrointestinal and metabolic diseases. Alterations of GIP secretion are not necessarily followed by alterations of insulin secretion. Disturbances of the entero-insular axis are best evaluated by estimating the incretin effect (i.e. comparing the insulin response to oral glucose with the insulin response to an isoglycaemic i.v. glucose infusion). From the poor correlation between disturbances of the entero insular axis and GIP abnormalities it can even be concluded that other intestinal factors with incretin activity exist. The extent of the incretin effect may be overestimated if only serum insulin levels are measured. Unknown gut factors seem to exist which inhibit hepatic insulin extraction and thus alter serum insulin levels without stimulating insulin secretion. PMID- 3901251 TI - [The pancreas and alcohol]. AB - The action of acute and chronic administration of ethanol on pancreatic exocrine secretion in humans and several animal species is reviewed. If the data concerning the secretory action of ethanol on the pancreas are to the property assessed, several experimental variables have to be considered. Acute intravenous administration of ethanol inhibits basal and hormonally stimulated pancreatic secretion of bicarbonate and protein in nonalcoholic humans and most species of animals tested. Oral or intraduodenal ethanol causes moderate stimulation of pancreatic bicarbonate and enzyme secretion. Since anticholinergic agents and truncal vagotomy diminish the ethanol-induced inhibition of pancreatic secretion in the intact animal, it is possible that the action of ethanol on the pancreas is at least partly mediated by inhibitory cholinergic mechanisms. The action of ethanol on the pancreas may also be mediated by release of gastrointestinal hormones. Intravenous and oral administration of ethanol releases gastrin in dogs but not in humans. Pancreatic polypeptide is unlikely to be the hormonal mediator of the ethanol-induced inhibition of exocrine pancreatic secretion in humans and dogs, since ethanol does not release pancreatic polypeptide. The main secretory changes induced by chronic alcoholism in humans and dogs are increased basal secretion of pancreatic enzymes and decreased basal bicarbonate output, and these secretory changes may favour the occurrence of protein precipitates which are believed to be the first lesion of chronic pancreatitis in man. A decrease in the concentration of "pancreatic stone protein" in pancreatic juice may favour the development of protein precipitates in chronic alcoholic patients. PMID- 3901252 TI - [Gastroesophageal reflux and nocturnal broncho-aspiration in chronic bronchopathies]. AB - Although the relationship between chronic bronchopathies and gastro-esophageal reflux is known, the existence and role of nocturnal broncho-aspiration is controversial. 32 patients with chronic bronchopathy and 13 controls without digestive or respiratory symptoms were studied. Nocturnal broncho-aspiration was diagnosed by the demonstration of vegetable fibers in the morning expectorate and by the presence of radioactive pulmonary foci 15 hours following an isotopic meal. Vegetable fibers were found with equal frequency in both groups. On the other hand, positive pulmonary scintigraphy, reflecting nocturnal broncho aspiration, was observed in 24 of the 32 patients (75%) and only in 2 of the 13 controls (15%) (p less than 0.001). Thus, broncho-aspiration is a frequent occurrence in chronic bronchopathies. PMID- 3901253 TI - [Absolute alveolar ridge augmentation in a retrospective comparison of 2 methods]. PMID- 3901254 TI - [Changes in the enamel, dental pulp and dentin caused by the bonding and removal of orthodontic brackets]. PMID- 3901255 TI - South Dakota State Medical Association roster--1985. PMID- 3901256 TI - Gene-spliced hormone for growth approved. PMID- 3901257 TI - A Plasmodium falciparum antigen that binds to host erythrocytes and merozoites. AB - Antigens that bind to erythrocytes were identified in the supernatant fluids of a cultured human malaria parasite (Plasmodium falciparum). A 175-kilodalton (175K) antigen bound only to erythrocytes susceptible to invasion. The 175K antigen from the Camp or the FCR-3 strain also bound to merozoites. However, the antigen did not bind to merozoites when merozoites and supernatant antigens were from different strains unless proteinase inhibitors were present. Moreover, erythrocytes coated with supernatant antigens from the Camp or FCR-3 strain were invaded normally by merozoites of the homologous strain but were partially resistant to invasion by merozoites of the heterologous strain. The 175K antigen may be a receptor acting as a "bridge" between erythrocytes and merozoites. PMID- 3901258 TI - High-frequency switching of colony morphology in Candida albicans. AB - The pathogenic yeast Candida albicans switches heritably and at high frequency between at least seven general phenotypes identified by colony morphology on agar. Spontaneous conversion from the original smooth to variant phenotypes (star, ring, irregular wrinkle, hat, stipple, and fuzzy) occurs at a combined frequency of 1.4 X 10(-4), but is increased 200 times by a low dose of ultraviolet light that kills less than 10 percent of the cells. After the initial conversion, cells switch spontaneously to other phenotypes at a combined frequency of 2 X 10(-2). Switching is therefore heritable, but also reversible at high frequency. The genetic basis of this newly discovered process and its possible role in Candida pathogenesis are considered. PMID- 3901259 TI - Hemostasis defects associated with cardiac surgery, prosthetic devices, and other extracorporeal circuits. AB - This discussion has provided a review of the available literature regarding alterations of hemostasis associated with CPB surgery, the use of prosthetic devices, and apheresis. The key to prevention of CPB hemorrhage is to obtain an adequate preoperative workup. Of extreme importance is an adequate history with respect to bleeding tendencies and thrombotic tendencies in both the patient and the family; of equal importance is a careful history regarding the use of drugs affecting hemostasis, especially drugs known to interfere with platelet function. A careful physical examination, searching for clues of a real or potential bleeding diathesis, may also prevent catastrophic cases of hemorrhage. An adequate presurgical screen must be performed in surgical patients. In addition to the usual prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, and platelet count, a standardized template bleeding time (and thrombin time in patients subjected to CPB) should be performed. The use of these simple testing modalities will guard against significant defects in vascular and platelet function. Most instances of nontechnical surgical and cardiovascular surgical hemorrhage are due to several well-defined defects in hemostasis that should be readily controlled if approached in a logical manner as a team effort among surgeons, pathologists, and hematologists. PMID- 3901260 TI - Concept of hypercoagulability: a review of its development, clinical application, and recent progress. AB - There exist multiple clinical conditions, situations, and diseases in which persons appear to be at increased risk for thromboembolic phenomena, such as venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolus. Within this group of conditions, situations, or diseases, some are more clearly linked to thromboembolism that others. Similarly, for some, there exist clear biochemical reasons to support a proposed causal mechanism. A categorization of these risk factors has been constructed, taking into account both the apparent association of the risk factor with thromboembolism and the credibility of the proposed mechanism. Forty-eight factors have been so stratified. It is predicted that both more factors will be identified and especially that mechanisms proposed will strengthen as this area of medicine is further investigated. PMID- 3901261 TI - [Homologous bone transplantation]. PMID- 3901262 TI - [Management of Achilles tendon rupture. A comparative study of the adaptation suture and the plantaris tendon interweaving technic]. PMID- 3901263 TI - [Local treatment of burns on the extremities]. PMID- 3901264 TI - Implications of kinetic heterogeneity in clinical oncology. PMID- 3901265 TI - Chronic granulocytic leukemia: the heterogeneity of stem cell differentiation within a single disease entity. PMID- 3901266 TI - Heterogeneity among germ cell tumors of the testis. PMID- 3901267 TI - Heterogeneity in hormone receptor status in primary and metastatic breast cancer. PMID- 3901268 TI - Determinants of radiosensitivity. PMID- 3901269 TI - Prospective randomized trial of intravenous v intraperitoneal 5-FU in patients with advanced primary colon or rectal cancer. AB - No new chemotherapy agents have been developed in the recent past that present hope for improving survival in patients with colon or rectal cancer. This study was undertaken to investigate a new route of administering an old drug, 5 fluorouracil (5-FU). When 5-FU is delivered by the intraperitoneal (IP) route the tolerable dose of drug was markedly increased without an increase in adverse side effects. The natural history of surgically treated disease was changed by reducing the incidence of peritoneal carcinomatosis, but time to relapse and survival was not improved. Intraperitoneal 5-FU may be recommended for investigation in patients with perforated colon cancer, peritoneal implants, or as one part of a multimodality treatment protocol for colorectal cancer. If 5-FU is given to patients with gastrointestinal malignancy, the IP route should be strongly considered. PMID- 3901270 TI - Intraperitoneal therapy in renal failure. AB - As continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis becomes more popular, the science of catheter selection, insertion, and maintenance becomes increasingly necessary. The proper use of and possible complications associated with several currently used catheters are discussed. The pros and cons of single- and double-cuff catheters, the optimal catheter tunnel direction, and the presentation and treatment of a few commonly occurring infections are reviewed to aid those considering intraperitoneal drug introduction and removal. PMID- 3901272 TI - Treatment of primary biliary cirrhosis. PMID- 3901271 TI - The role of platelet calcium. PMID- 3901273 TI - Diagnosis and treatment of primary sclerosing cholangitis. AB - PSC is a progressive chronic hepatobiliary disorder of unknown etiology for which no effective medical or surgical therapy now exists. This syndrome occurs most commonly in young men and is frequently associated with CUC. The diagnosis is best made utilizing endoscopic retrogradecopic retrograde cholangiography. Although liver histologic findings alone are infrequently diagnostic of PSC, it remains important to exclude other causes of chronic cholestasis. Although the etiology remains unknown, preliminary studies suggest that PSC is related to immunologic damage. Although viral infections can induce obliterative cholangitis in children, their role in the cause of PSC remains undefined. PSC progresses slowly from an asymptomatic stage to cirrhosis, portal hypertension, and premature death secondary to liver failure. Bile duct cancer appears to be a frequent complication of long-standing PSC. Since no therapy is of established efficacy, controlled clinical trials of both medical and surgical therapy should be encouraged. Fat-soluble vitamin deficiencies commonly occur in the advanced stages of PSC, and therefore serum levels of vitamins A, D, E, and prothrombin time should be monitored on a regular basis to prevent complications associated with these deficiencies. Liver transplantation is now a therapeutic option for the treatment of end-stage PSC. Palliative surgical biliary drainage procedures, proctocolectomy, and surgical decompressive shunts that increase the risk of liver transplants, therefore, should be avoided, if possible, in young PSC patients. If a total proctocolectomy is surgically indicated, we would strongly recommend performing a ileoanal pull-through procedure, thus, avoiding the formation of an abdominal ileostoma and the risk of developing bleeding peristomal varices. PMID- 3901274 TI - Management of hepatic schistosomiasis. PMID- 3901275 TI - Portal hypertension. PMID- 3901276 TI - Management of ascites. PMID- 3901277 TI - The evaluations of drug information programs. AB - In spite of the great number of published reports about the effects of drug information programs there are few studies concerning the drug information process. One result of this has been that new studies have frequently been planned without sufficient consideration being given to the results of earlier research. The aim of this paper is to describe alternative ways of measuring the effects of drug information programs. The survey has been limited to information programs intended for the general public including patients. PMID- 3901278 TI - The influence of the family on control of diabetes. AB - The aim of this paper was to determine if the adult diabetic's perception of his family environment influenced control of his diabetes. Diabetic men (N = 97) living with their families completed a 10-factor Family Environment Scale. Family scores at baseline were then used to predict metabolic control 6 months later using stepwise multiple regression analysis. Diabetic control was derived from weighted scales for hemoglobin A1, fasting blood glucose, triglyceride and cholesterol. Three of the family factors were significant statistically. Those patients in better control of their disease perceived their families to be low in conflict and organization and oriented toward achievement. The high achievement environment activates responsibility towards success, which apparently carries into physical management of the disease. Lower conflict among family members as well as less organization creates a more relaxed atmosphere which perhaps encourages flexibility, less anxiety, less pressure and greater support associated with better metabolic control. PMID- 3901279 TI - Pandemic and epidemic influenza, 1830-1848. AB - Four major influenza epidemics were recorded between 1830 and 1848. The 1830-1831 epidemic may have originated in China; then and in 1833 influenza advanced westward out of Russia into Europe. In 1836-1837, influenza diffusion was largely north to south, and in 1847-1848 the disease swept through the Mediterranean to southern France and thence elsewhere in Western Europe. Each of the four epidemics spread rapidly and caused very high morbidity rates. Although case mortality rates were always low, each epidemic killed thousands of people, with most deaths being among the elderly. Many previous writers have described all four outbreaks as pandemics, but true pandemics, presumably caused by major new viral types, are clearly identifiable only in 1830-1831 and 1833. The status of the 1836-1837 outbreak is unclear, but there was no pandemic in 1847-1848. PMID- 3901280 TI - Sacral pressure sores: treatment with island gluteus maximus musculocutaneous flaps. AB - We have used the island gluteus maximus musculocutaneous flap to cover sacral pressure sores. In this report, we describe the surgical anatomy, cadaveric dissections (n = 25), and postoperative follow-up (one to 40 months) in 13 clinical cases. Our results compare favorably with those of other previously reported series. Postoperative complications are few (n = 2) and late recurrence is acceptable (n = 1). Since the surgical anatomy is consistent and the operative technique simple, this procedure may be the treatment of choice for sacral pressure sores. PMID- 3901282 TI - [Organization of the health care of soldiers in the country's evacuation hospitals]. PMID- 3901281 TI - Rabies: a review and current approach for the clinician. AB - Rabies is an acute viral encephalomyelitis with virtually a 100% case fatality rate. Only three cases of human survival after rabies have been documented. The current epizootic of raccoon rabies in the United States centered over the South Atlantic states mandates a working knowledge of rabies management and postexposure prophylaxis by health care professionals. Recently, important advances in rapid and accurate diagnosis and improvements in homologous vaccines make rabies a preventable disease in the United States. PMID- 3901283 TI - [Contributions of the leading scientists and physicians to the solution of health care problems during the war]. PMID- 3901284 TI - [The graduate medical school during the war]. PMID- 3901285 TI - [The Soviet Red Cross and the solution of wartime public health issues]. PMID- 3901286 TI - [Health education during World War II]. PMID- 3901287 TI - [Soviet medicine during World War II]. PMID- 3901288 TI - [Contribution of Moscow medical manpower to the victory over fascism]. PMID- 3901289 TI - [Elimination of health-facility related consequences of the war in the USSR]. PMID- 3901290 TI - [Activities of evacuation hospitals in Buryatia]. PMID- 3901291 TI - [Medico-social aid to evacuated children]. PMID- 3901292 TI - [The Perm base of evacuation hospitals]. PMID- 3901293 TI - [Activities of the USSR Department of Health during World War II]. PMID- 3901294 TI - [Social and public health aspects of the fight against infant mortality in the works and activity of N.P. Gundobin]. PMID- 3901295 TI - [The first obstetric schools in Russia]. PMID- 3901296 TI - [Elimination of child neglect in the USSR]. PMID- 3901297 TI - [Progress in Soviet medical book publishing]. PMID- 3901298 TI - [A valuable source of information on the history of medicine (history of Russian medicine of the 15th century)]. PMID- 3901299 TI - [Views of scientists of the Medieval East on the role of nutrition and health protection]. PMID- 3901300 TI - [1st experiment in dispensarization (from the history of dispensarization in Moscow in the 1920's)]. PMID- 3901302 TI - [Military field surgery in World War II]. PMID- 3901301 TI - [Leading the defense of the Soviet nation]. PMID- 3901303 TI - [Therapeutic services in World War II]. PMID- 3901304 TI - [Soviet public health in the medical service of Soviet armed forces in World War II, 1941-1945]. PMID- 3901305 TI - [Epidemiologic services in World War II]. PMID- 3901306 TI - [Soviet neuropathology during the World War II years]. PMID- 3901307 TI - [Heroism of Soviet physicians during the World War II years]. PMID- 3901308 TI - [Pathologoanatomic service of the Soviet Army during the World War II years]. PMID- 3901309 TI - [Recollections of a surgeon at the front]. PMID- 3901310 TI - [Chief surgeons of the fronts during World War II]. PMID- 3901311 TI - [Evgenii Mikhailovich Tareev (on his 90th birthday)]. PMID- 3901312 TI - [Seasonal rhythms in diseases of the internal organs]. PMID- 3901313 TI - [Bile acid metabolism (review of the literature)]. PMID- 3901314 TI - [General principles of the technic for obtaining monoclonal antibodies]. PMID- 3901315 TI - [The use of monoclonal antibodies for studying the function of the zona pellucida of mammalian ovules]. PMID- 3901316 TI - [The use of monoclonal antibodies in the study of the immunology of malaria]. PMID- 3901317 TI - [Expectations from the use of monoclonal antibodies]. PMID- 3901318 TI - [Identification of subpopulations of mononuclear cells in human tonsils using the monoclonal antibody method with avidin-biotin and avidin-biotin-peroxidase complexes]. PMID- 3901319 TI - [Use of kallikrein in the treatment of oligoasthenospermia]. PMID- 3901320 TI - Massive lower gastro-intestinal bleeding. A review. PMID- 3901321 TI - Have the long-term objectives of organ transplantation been achieved? PMID- 3901322 TI - The pancreatic function test at the Gastro-intestinal Clinic, Groote Schuur Hospital--a historical perspective. PMID- 3901323 TI - Pancreatic function tests in the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis--current status. PMID- 3901324 TI - Gastro-intestinal endoscopy, past, present and future--the Groote Schuur Hospital experience. PMID- 3901325 TI - Effects of clonidine and guanfacine on haemodynamics in hypertension. PMID- 3901326 TI - Renal transplantation in primary reflux nephropathy without nephro-ureterectomy. A report of 4 cases. AB - If there is no evidence of infection in end-stage renal failure secondary to primary reflux nephropathy, renal transplantation can safely be performed without prior nephro-ureterectomy. Four cases are described in which reimplantation of the ureters was performed before or at transplantation. This procedure will cure reflux and maintain the integrity of the renal parenchyma and ureters. PMID- 3901327 TI - Chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria in South Africa. A case report. AB - Chloroquine-resistant plasmodium falciparum malaria has been described in many parts of the world, including Africa as far south as south-western Africa. We report a case of chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum cerebral malaria in the RSA. It seems likely that the infection was acquired in the Louis Trichardt district of the northern Transvaal. Despite the administration of an adequate course of chloroquine, the parasitaemia failed to clear and even increased (type III resistance). Eventually clinical and laboratory-proven cure was obtained only after combined quinine and tetracycline therapy. To our knowledge this is the first case of chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum malaria acquired in the RSA. PMID- 3901328 TI - Methods for reducing particle concentrations of Aspergillus fumigatus conidia and mouldy hay dust. AB - The effectiveness of commercially available domestic air purifiers to reduce airborne Aspergillus fumigatus conidia and mouldy hay dust was investigated. It was found that the rate of particle clearance is a function of the volume of air passing through the purifiers but that the low throughflow of air makes their use of little value in clearing particles from a normal sized room. Vacuum cleaners were more effective than air purifiers because of their higher air throughput, so too were high volume fan systems in conjunction with simple filtration units. Ionizers had no effect but steam condensation was very efficient at clearing airborne particles. PMID- 3901329 TI - Effect of various antibiotics on gastrointestinal colonization and dissemination by Candida albicans. AB - Mice were treated orally with various antibiotics to determine which members of the indigenous intestinal microflora normally suppress Candida albicans colonization and dissemination from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The mice were given penicillin, clindamycin, vancomycin, erythromycin, or gentamicin for 3 days, and then challenged orally with C. albicans. Penicillin, clindamycin, and vancomycin, but not gentamicin or erythromycin, decreased the total anaerobic bacterial populations in the animals ceca, and increased the enteric bacilli population levels. All three of the former antibiotics allowed C. albicans to proliferate in the gut and, subsequently, disseminate from the GI tract to visceral organs. The ability of C. albicans to associate with intestinal mucosal surfaces was also tested. It was found that antibiotics which reduced anaerobic population levels, but not enteric bacilli or aerobes, also predisposed animals to mucosal association by C. albicans. It is suggested that the strictly anaerobic bacterial populations which predominate in the gut ecosystem are responsible for the inhibition of C. albicans adhesion, colonization and dissemination from the GI tract. PMID- 3901330 TI - Protection against systemic infections with various Candida species elicited by vaccination with Candida albicans ribosomes. AB - This study investigated whether subcutaneous vaccination of mice with ribosomes from Candida albicans strain CBS 562 would also provide protection against infections by other isolates of Candida. Experiments with a total of 628 mice demonstrated that vaccination induced significant protection against heterologous C. albicans (serotypes A and B) and C. tropicalis isolates in terms of their 30 day survival rates. In all instances, however, protection was lower than that obtained against the homologous strain. In addition, a significant decrease in fungal colonization of the kidneys was found in immunized animals as compared to the non immunized controls. Cell-mediated immune responses against cytoplasmic extracts of the various fungi, as detected in vivo by the foot pad swelling test and in vitro by the lymphocyte transformation assay, were induced by the C. albicans ribosomal vaccination. The results show it is possible to induce cross protection to various Candida species by immunization with C. albicans ribosomes. PMID- 3901331 TI - Corneal transplant infection by Paecilomyces lilacinus. AB - Paecilomyces lilacinus was cultured from an ulcerated corneal transplant, sections of which, following surgical removal, revealed dense mycelial growth throughout the corneal remnant and penetrating Descemet's membrane. PAS-stained sections showed, in addition to the hyphae, numerous small, ovoid elements consistent with conidia of P. lilacinus. Infection apparently had spread to the transplant from the recipient's cornea. The fungal isolate proved resistant, in vitro, to amphotericin B, 5-fluorocytosine, and pimaricin, but sensitive to ketoconazole and moderately sensitive to miconazole. Following a second transplant and intensive antifungal therapy, the infection appears to have been eliminated. PMID- 3901332 TI - Growth of Candida albicans in dexamethasone-supplemented media. AB - Candida albicans grown in dexamethasone (DXM) shows an apparent increase in dry weight. This increase, however, represents an artefact due to entrapment and incorporation of DXM by the yeast. Thus opportunistic infections by C. albicans which are promoted by DXM must be due entirely to effects other than growth enhancement of the organism. PMID- 3901333 TI - Application of ELISA-inhibition to Aspergillus antigen standardization for immunodiagnosis. AB - An inhibition ELISA method was used to test culture filtrate antigens of Aspergillus fumigatus for the avidity of antibodies to them. Four different culture media were used to check the ability of this assay to distinguish between similar antigenic preparations. Differences between antigens exhibiting similar crossed immunoelectrophoresis patterns were observed by inhibition ELISA. PMID- 3901334 TI - [Recent advances in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis]. PMID- 3901335 TI - [Chronization by indomethacin of the circadian rhythm of blood renin and aldosterone in a case of Bartter's syndrome]. PMID- 3901336 TI - [Recent advances concerning the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy]. PMID- 3901337 TI - [Current trends in the diagnosis and follow-up of prostatic inflammation]. PMID- 3901338 TI - [Current therapeutic possibilities in chronic idiopathic glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 3901339 TI - Fifty years ago. PMID- 3901340 TI - Fifty years of Social Security. PMID- 3901341 TI - Noninvasive tissue oxygen monitoring in surgical and critical care medicine. AB - Noninvasive tissue oxygen monitoring techniques are becoming increasingly important as a means for assessing perfusion and oxygenation in clinical and experimental medicine. Applications of several oxygen monitoring modalities in surgical and critical care medicine are described. PMID- 3901342 TI - Indwelling blood compatible chemical sensors. AB - Progress in surgery has frequently been preceded by progress in technology. Thus positive clinical results may be anticipated with the emerging use of catheter tip chemical probes. In these devices, the sensor is based on fluorometric or colorimetric sensing, coupled via a fiberoptic light guide to the external environment, or the potentiometric determination of ionic species via catheter tip ISFET devices. The stages of development for these devices range from laboratory formulations, with some in vitro testing, to limited clinical experience with production prototype models. Advantages reported for the fiberoptic-based devices include no electrical interference, no reference electrode requirement, potentially low-cost fabrication, O2 tension analysis capability, and the possibility of multi-wave-length determinations to improve stability. Disadvantages of the fiberoptic-based probes include ambient light and temperature sensitivity, long-term instability of some reagents, halocarbon anesthetic sensitivity, slow response time, limited dynamic range, and trade-offs between amount of reagent phase, quenching of probe radiation, and stability. The semiconductor-based devices respond only to ionic species but feature the possibility of determining multiple species in a single-chip, low-cost fabrication, on-chip signal processing, clinically useful frequency response, robust design, and long shelf life. Disadvantages are as follows: long-term instability in situ, requirement for a reference electrode, ambient light and temperature sensitivity, and interference (in some cases) by competing ions, necessitating signal compensation. Both types of probes require treatment to avoid fouling of the probe surface and danger to the patient from thromboembolism. Some approaches to resolution of the outstanding problems are outlined. It appears that, given the current pace of industrial development, several of these probes will become a clinical reality in the near future. PMID- 3901343 TI - Computerized data management and decision making in critical care. AB - Computers are being increasingly employed in all levels of society. Computer applications in clinical medicine have lagged behind administrative and billing functions. However, computers are now finding an increasingly useful place in critical care medicine. The complexity of the patients' conditions and the large amount of data generated by critically ill patients provide an ideal area of application for computers. The computer can assist in collecting data, calculating derived parameters, speeding data communications, record keeping, report generation, and decision making. This article has discussed and illustrated how the computer can aid in the care of the critically ill. PMID- 3901344 TI - Preoperative assessment of high-risk surgical patients. AB - From the foregoing accounts of preoperative assessment of myocardial performance, as well as preload and afterload status it is clear that the proper anesthesia techniques and agents can be selected. Physiologically optimal adjustments of preload, afterload, and myocardial function can be attained by the appropriate, harmonious selection of anesthesia technique and vasoactive drugs made on the basis of close hemodynamic monitoring preoperatively, intraoperatively, and in the immediate postoperative period. PMID- 3901345 TI - Common physiologic patterns in general surgical patients: hemodynamic and oxygen transport changes during and after operation in patients with and without associated medical problems. AB - An examination of perioperative cardiorespiratory parameters in surviving and nonsurviving patients has identified several physiologic responses to the stress of surgical trauma, namely enhancement of circulatory performance and oxygen transport. When specific subsets of surgical illness are examined, it was found that these responses often began from different plateaus of baseline function. Because these responses are greater in survivors than nonsurvivors and this relationship is fairly consistent among a variety of surgical illnesses, it would seem that duplicating or augmenting these responses would be a rational goal for therapeutic intervention that would lead to improved patient outcome. PMID- 3901346 TI - Therapy of critically ill postoperative patients based on outcome prediction and prospective clinical trials. AB - An objective physiologic approach to therapy of high-risk postoperative patients was developed using survival as the criterion to determine the relative importance of variables and optimal goals for these variables. A protocol, based on a branch chain decision tree, also was developed from outcome data. When tested prospectively against the standard of care, this protocol markedly reduced mortality and morbidity. PMID- 3901347 TI - Myocardial function in the critically ill: factors influencing left and right ventricular performance in patients with sepsis and trauma. AB - Myocardial performance in critically ill patients is primarily responsive to the need to supply O2 to the periphery. An increase in CO is the common finding in an acute illness characterized by an increase in systemic VO2 (for example, sepsis and trauma), since acute variations in flow are the most efficacious mode of augmenting systemic O2t to match the VO2. The lower systemic VO2 of a patient with an acute cardiac illness explains why the CO in this disease is not as elevated as that found in the acutely ill patient with sepsis or trauma. Endogenous compensatory mechanisms used to vary flow according to the need for O2t include heart rate, ventricular preload, contractility, and afterload. An increase in LV contractility and a reduction in afterload facilitate LV stroke volume, hence O2t. Conversely, pulmonary hypertension may result in a restriction of LV preload if RV pump failure ensues. Other factors relevant to the care of the critically ill that will decrease LV preload--and thus reduce the heart's left-sided adaptation to maintain O2t--include the presence of underlying cardiac disease, which will limit any necessary increase in contractility, and the use of PEEP, which will restrict venous return to the RV. Therapeutic intervention is required when O2t does not balance systemic VO2 and arterial lactate levels rise. The use of resuscitative fluid to improve flow by the Frank-Starling (preload) mechanism may be limited by the compliance properties of either ventricle, but it is a reasonable first choice, with guidelines for administration determined by the PCWP, which influences fluid flux across the pulmonary microvascular exchanging membrane. Vasodilators may be used to increase CO by reducing impedance to ventricular ejection; they may also improve LV compliance, thereby allowing the administration of more fluid (that is, increasing preload) without an untoward rise in the PCWP. If vasodilators are without effect or are potentially dangerous because of concomitant hypotension, inotropic support to increase O2t is required. A brief summary of interventional pharmacologic support in acute illness is depicted in Figure 8. PMID- 3901348 TI - Ventilatory support in patients with ARDS. AB - Adult respiratory distress syndrome remains one of the most lethal conditions treated in surgical and medical intensive care units. Mortality rates of 50 per cent are still reported in recent reviews. Many risk factors are linked with an increased incidence of ARDS, but sepsis and direct pulmonary injury from aspiration, pulmonary contusion, and other forms of trauma are the most commonly associated risk factors. Studies implicate various cellular and chemical mediators associated with acute lung injury. Many pharmacologic agents and various forms of high-frequency ventilation are being studied for their effectiveness in treating ARDS. We consider that the standard treatment continues to be PEEP and mechanical ventilation to reverse hypoxemia linked with the pathophysiologic changes of ARDS. There are no prospective randomized studies comparing the various end points of therapy used clinically at present. We believe, however, that early intervention, with institution of ventilatory support as soon as signs of acute respiratory failure develop, may eliminate some deaths due to progressive hypoxemia leading to the full adult respiratory distress syndrome. Therapy should be started at this time and maintained while the etiologic factors are identified and treated. Minimal ventilatory support should be continued until the primary diseases have resolved and the multisystem impact of the critical illness has lessened. Weaning from inspiratory (IMV) support, manipulation of expiratory pressures (PEEP), and airway control should then be more easily accomplished and more successful in practice. PMID- 3901349 TI - High-frequency jet ventilation. AB - High-frequency jet ventilation is a useful new modality of ventilatory support that offers specific advantage in endoscopy, laryngeal surgery, or mechanically ventilating patients with airway leaks. The method produces lower airway pressures and less movement in the operative field and is well tolerated by the patients. It can be applied by transtracheal puncture as an alternative for emergency airway management. PMID- 3901350 TI - Controversies in the pathophysiology and fluid management of postoperative adult respiratory distress syndrome. AB - Physiologic changes that lead to the development of ARDS begin with the precipitating shock syndrome. Hypovolemia, pulmonary vasoconstriction, reduced myocardial performance, and diminished O2 transport typically precede the development of clinical ARDS after hemorrhage, trauma, postoperative conditions, and sepsis. Since shock lung is a complication of shock, it is not surprising that the antecedent clinical and physiologic events that characterize the shock state may be determinants of both the genesis and the outcome of ARDS. Postoperative ARDS follows unrecognized or inadequately treated hypovolemia and hypoxia during an antecedent period of preoperative or intraoperative shock. Hypovolemia and hypoxia increase cardiac and ventilatory drive and stimulate neurohumoral mechanisms to increase pulmonary vasoconstriction. The last-named, when extensive and uneven, produces maldistribution of flow and reduces DO2 and VO2. Subsequently, mediator-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction increases the problem. When sufficiently extensive, these antecedent physiologic alterations culminate in ARDS. With impaired flow and O2 transport, pathogenic mechanisms of ARDS and acute renal failure may be set in motion; further, the naturally occurring immune mechanisms may be impaired and may lead to associated infection. There are at least six redistributions that are major pathophysiologic influences in ARDS. They are uneven ventilation throughout the lung; redistribution of regional pulmonary blood flow between zones due to gravity; nonuniform pulmonary blood flow between individual metarteriolar-capillary networks because of local vasoconstriction; uneven systemic blood flow between organs; irregular systemic blood flow at the microcirculatory level, producing inadequate nutritional flow to the tissues; and redistribution of body water, leading particularly to fluid accumulation in the extracellular compartment, with expanded interstitial space and contracted plasma volume (hypovolemia). Pathogenic roles have been implicated for capillary leak, surfactant synthesis, erythrocyte and platelet aggregation, leukocyte margination in the pulmonary circulation, complement and kinin cascades, neurohumoral responses, histamine, serotonin, vasoactive peptides, and the metabolic products of arachidonic acid breakdown in pulmonary vessels. However, these potential pathogenic influences have yet to be described in terms of their temporal relationships to the natural physiologic history of ARDS; nor have their roles been evaluated in terms of mechanistic interrelationships.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3901351 TI - Special problems in the diagnosis and treatment of surgical sepsis. AB - Since sepsis is the most frequent single cause of death after surgery and trauma, its development should be anticipated in elderly patients or those with disease or trauma causing intestinal leaks, particularly if the patient had massive transfusions or was in shock. Diagnosis may be extremely difficult, particularly if the infection is intraperitoneal. Furthermore, patients with impaired host defenses may show only a failure to thrive and then a progressive MOF. Physical examination is usually not very helpful. Gallium and indium scans and ultrasonography are only about 50 to 60 per cent accurate. Ultrasonography followed by HIDA and PIPIDA scans may be very useful in diagnosing acute acalculous cholecystitis, which appears to be an increasingly frequent problem in these patients. Computerized tomographic scans are at least 80 to 90 per cent accurate in diagnosing intra-abdominal abscesses, but the diagnosis of peritonitis is still largely clinically based. Even without clear evidence of infection, the critically ill patient with MOF and previous abdominal trauma, surgery, or disease should probably have the abdomen explored (that is, a blind laparotomy). If generalized peritonitis is found, it may be wise to leave the abdomen open and re-explore and debride it daily until it is clean. Percutaneous drainage of abdominal abscesses is being performed increasingly and is of special value in the 30 to 50 per cent of patients with single bacterial abscesses in which the drainage tract does not cross bowel or peritoneum and there is no underlying intestinal leak. Antibiotics are only a second line of defense, and their use should be directed by smear and culture results when possible. For abdominal infections, coverage for gram-negative anaerobes and Bacteroides fragilis is essential. If the infection persists for more than 2 to 3 weeks, infection by enterococci and fungi must be considered. If shock develops, maintaining an O2 consumption of at least 130 to 160 ml per minute per m2 is a particularly important part of the resuscitation. Although controversial, raising the hematocrit to 40 to 45 per cent or higher is often of value. PMID- 3901352 TI - Positive end expiratory pressure with increased intra-abdominal pressure. AB - Positive pressure ventilation with PEEP may be required in patients with increased IAP. Separately, PEEP and increase IAP have been shown in both man and animals to have significant hemodynamic effects. The results of this study demonstrated that, in dogs, the combination of PEEP with elevated IAP results in markedly increased CVP, PCWP, mean PAP and PVR. CO is depressed but to no greater degree than with the combination of IAP and positive pressure ventilation without PEEP. Interestingly, serum lactate levels markedly increase when both PEEP and IAP are applied, a finding not explained by the fall in CO. Possibly, the combination of PEEP with elevated IAP inhibits hepatic metabolism of lactate. Measures taken to reduce IAP and PEEP may not only improve hemodynamics but may result in reduced serum lactate levels. PMID- 3901353 TI - The effect of delayed function on long term survival of renal allografts. AB - The experience at a single center with 297 consecutive cadaver renal transplants over the past 12 years is reviewed with special attention to acute post transplant ischemic renal injury (ATN). Sixty-seven patients received kidneys which failed to function immediately (22.5 per cent). Twenty-five (8.4 per cent) never showed any function (NF), and 42 (14.1 per cent) developed delayed function (ATN). The over-all incidence of this complication has exhibited a downward trend in the past 12 years and the possible reasons for this are discussed. The overall rate of patient survival and functional grafts observed for to 12 years by actuarial methods were found to be no different by statistical analysis (ATN versus IF). When patients were subgrouped according to quality of renal function attained by four months post-transplantation, ATN patients with good renal function (serum creatinine levels of less than 2 milligrams per deciliters) demonstrated similar patient and functional graft survival rates when compared with IF patients with similarly good renal function. Thirty-eight per cent of patients with ATN never achieved good renal function (serum creatinine levels of more than 2.0 milligrams per deciliters) and were compared with 8 per cent of IF patients who likewise never achieved good renal function. These two groups were also found to be statistically similar with regard to the rates of patient survival and functional grafts. Thus, it is likely that, although the presence of ATN may predispose a patient to a higher risk of never achieving good renal function, the eventual long term outlook is similar for patients with ATN and those with IF. The most important determining factor in terms of ultimate functional graft survival appears to be relative to the quality of renal function in the early post-transplantation period. PMID- 3901354 TI - Modified fundoplication technique for correction of gastroesophageal reflux in children. AB - A modification of the Nissen fundoplication for correcting GER in children is described. This method involves creating a reinforced fundoplication below the diaphragm at the gastroesophageal junction. Two additional lateral rows of sutures are used to reinforce the conventional Nissen fundoplication. This modified technique prevents symptomatic recurrence by lessening the chance of disruption of fundoplication sutures, and it prevents formation of paraesophageal hiatal hernia. We conclude that the modified fundoplication technique is both safe and effective for use in treating children with GER. PMID- 3901355 TI - An observation of penicillin by a New York surgeon in 1885. PMID- 3901356 TI - Management of locally advanced and inflammatory carcinoma of the breast. AB - From the data presented, there seems little doubt that multimodality systemic and local therapy offers the best chance of long term control and survival in patients with locally advanced noninflammatory and inflammatory carcinoma of the breast. However, the best method of sequencing these modalities remains inadequately defined. The rationale for systemic therapy is that systemic micrometastases are present at diagnosis; since almost all patients die from systemic disease, it would seem preferable to use chemotherapy first, while the disseminated tumor burden is low. Furthermore, this would allow an assessment of local response to the agents administered. However, chemotherapy almost never sterilizes bulky local disease, and local control rates are significantly improved by concurrent or sequential use of a local modality. From the information presented, it would appear that combined operation and radiotherapy may give a better outcome than either modality alone. However, in series in which chemotherapy plus one local modality are used, the five year, local failure rates were 20 to 35 per cent; with the use of two local modalities, the local failure rate was not significantly better (16, 20 and 22 per cent). The full effect of using two local modalities with systemic chemotherapy has not been satisfactorily explored to date. Many groups have suggested that the local control rate is proportional to the dose of radiotherapy given. Since iridium192 implantation permits larger doses of radiotherapy to the local tumor without an apparent increase in toxicity, it holds great promise as a means of improving local control in this disease and should be considered in all instances. Randomized studies comparing iridium192 with operation as an adjunct to external beam radiotherapy are needed. Although there is little doubt that combination systemic chemotherapy is mandatory for improved survival in these patients, the appropriate drugs, combination and scheduling are yet to be defined. Data from studies of metastatic carcinoma of the breast indicate that combinations of two to four drugs, including doxorubicin, give the best response rates. Recently, a number of anthracycline analogues have been studied, in particular mitoxantrone, with response rates comparable to doxorubicin but with less toxicity. These agents could be used effectively in future chemotherapy programs for locally advanced and inflammatory carcinoma of the breast. The place of endocrine manipulation also remains undefined. In general, women who present with carcinoma of the breast later in life are more likely to have hormone receptor positive, endocrine responsive tumors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3901357 TI - A prospective double-blind comparison of piperacillin, cephalothin and cefoxitin in the prevention of postoperative infections in patients undergoing intra abdominal operations. AB - Piperacillin has been shown to be as safe and effective an agent as cephalothin and cefoxitin when used in patients undergoing elective intra-abdominal surgical procedures. Enterococcus species have been shown in other studies to be susceptible to piperacillin, perhaps making it the preferred antibiotic for prophylaxis in clinical settings when enteric flora will be encountered. PMID- 3901358 TI - Effect of lubrication of frictional properties of sutures. AB - The results of this study have provided an insight into the behavior of sutures in the environment of fluids. It has been shown that friction could both increase or decrease with lubrication, depending upon the nature of the application. In tests on straight sutures, lubricants have generally led to an increase in friction. This was found in the present investigation as well as in another study which measured friction in sutures soaked in serum. These results are explained on the basis that higher friction is expected to arise if the lubricant formed a multilayer film between the sliding surfaces. In this instance, the resistance to shear flow by the lubricant becomes the governing factor. On the other hand, if only a small amount of lubricant, such as a monolayer film, is present between surfaces, as expected within the structure of a snugged surgical knot, the lubricant may play the role of decreasing adhesion and, thus, friction. PMID- 3901359 TI - Controlled, comparative study of moxalactam and cefazolin for prophylaxis of abdominal hysterectomy. AB - Moxalactam was compared with cefazolin and a control group to determine the efficacy and value of a third generation cephalosporin in abdominal hysterectomy antibiotic prophylaxis. One hundred patients were prospectively randomized in a double-blind manner between moxalactam and cefazolin. An additional 50 patients who were either allergic to penicillin or refused participation in this study were simultaneously observed to establish a base line level of infection on our service during this time period. Dosage for both antibiotic groups was 1 gram given intravenously or intramuscularly on call to the operating room followed by two 1 gram doses at six and 12 hours after the first dose. Standard febrile morbidity was 36, 30 and 42 per cent for moxalactam, cefazolin and control groups, respectively. Postoperative surgical infection requiring antibiotic treatment occurred in 8, 6 and 4 per cent, respectively; urinary tract infection or symptomatic findings, or both, requiring treatment occurred in 8, 10 and 10 per cent, respectively. No pelvic abscesses occurred in this series. In every statistical evaluation of postoperative morbidity, there were no differences noted among the three groups. Our results suggest no benefit from the use of prophylactic antibiotics in abdominal hysterectomy in terms of standard febrile or infectious morbidity or urinary tract pathologic findings. In addition, there was no difference between the two antibiotic groups. PMID- 3901360 TI - Doxycycline and cefamandole prophylaxis for premenopausal women undergoing vaginal hysterectomy. AB - Fifty-one premenopausal women were given perioperative intravenous antimicrobial prophylaxis at vaginal hysterectomy in a prospective, blinded comparative study. Febrile morbidity developed in 14 women (27.4 per cent), but only nine (17.6 per cent) required antimicrobial treatment. The incidence of postoperative pelvic infection was 19.2 per cent for 26 women given 200 milligrams of doxycycline preoperatively and 16 per cent for 25 women given 5 grams of cefamandole in four doses over a period of 18 hours. Infections were polymicrobial, usually occurred during the initial hospitalization and significantly prolonged hospital stay (p less than 0.01). No variables were identified that allowed prediction of infection. A single dosage of doxycycline was as effective at preventing posthysterectomy pelvic infection as were multiple dosages of cefamandole. PMID- 3901361 TI - The significance of intrabiliary pressure in acute cholangitis. AB - To assess the relation of intrabiliary pressure to the incidence of bacteremia in instances of acute cholangitis, 20 patients were prospectively studied herein. They were divided into two groups: patients (n equals ten) with an intrabiliary pressure of more than 25 cubic centimeters of H2O were in group 1, and patients (n equals ten) with an intrabiliary pressure of less than 25 cubic centimeters of H2O were in group 2. All patients underwent operation. Bacteremia occurred in a proportion of 60 per cent during admission and increased to 90 per cent after a short interval of time in patients in group 1. In group 2, bacteremia was 20 per cent at admission and increased to 40 per cent after the same interval of time. Mortality was 30 per cent in patients in group 1 and 10 per cent for those in group 2. Data of this study suggest that the urgent release of obstruction of the biliary tract, either endoscopically or surgically, is important in order to minimize biliary pressure and subsequently reduce the incidence of bacteremia and improve survival time for patients undergoing treatment due to acute cholangitis. PMID- 3901362 TI - Correlation of in vitro measurements of contractility of the gallbladder with in vivo ultrasonographic findings in patients with gallstones. AB - The objective of this study was to examine the in vitro responsiveness to cholecystokinin-8 of gallbladder muscle strips from patients with gallstones and to correlate the findings with preoperative ultrasonographic studies of gallbladder contractility. The response of gallbladder muscle strips to cholecystokinin-8 of patients with noncontracting gallbladders was significantly reduced in comparison to that of patients with gallstones whose gallbladders contracted in response to fat. PMID- 3901363 TI - A simplified technique for placement of the Greenfield vena caval filter. PMID- 3901364 TI - A Tudor cesarean section. AB - The history of the only and fatal pregnancy of Queen Jane Seymour, the third wife of King Henry VIII, has been reinvestigated and is presented herein. Her death on 24 october 1537, 12 days after the delivery of Edward VI, is believed to have been due to peritonitis after a cesarean section which was performed for political reasons. Since the written evidence for this lacks complete proof, it is indicated that the physical witness of an abdominal operation may still exist. PMID- 3901365 TI - The adult respiratory syndrome. AB - The Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome remains one of the most lethal complications in both surgical and medical intensive care units. Mortalities of 50 to 80 per cent are still reported in recent reviews. Many risk factors have been associated with an increased incidence of ARDS, but sepsis and direct pulmonary injury from aspiration, pulmonary contusion and near drowning are most commonly identified. Studies of physiopathologic factors of ARDS implicate granulocyte aggregation with the formation of oxygen free radicals and other cellular and chemical mediators. Pharmacologic agents and high frequency positive pressure ventilation are presently being investigated, but the accepted form of therapy combines increased inspired oxygen tensions, positive end expiratory pressure and some form of mechanical ventilation, if necessary. PMID- 3901366 TI - Immunology of Guillain-Barre syndrome. PMID- 3901367 TI - Phenotypic and functional analysis of lymphocytes in myasthenia gravis. PMID- 3901369 TI - Cerebral disease in systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 3901368 TI - Proteinases in inflammatory demyelinating disease. PMID- 3901372 TI - Treatment of intra-abdominal infections is appropriate with single-agent or combination antibiotic therapy. AB - In a prospective, randomized, single-blind trial, we studied 112 adults with intra-abdominal infections and compared antibiotic therapy with cefoxitin plus placebo to therapy with tobramycin plus clindamycin. Seventy-five percent of patients receiving tobramycin-clindamycin and 71% of those receiving cefoxitin placebo had either shock, bacteremia, malnutrition, alcoholism, rapidly or ultimately fatal underlying disease, infection originating from the distal small bowel or colon, or had had failed therapy before treatment ("high-risk" group). One third of the patients in both groups grew bacteria in the initial culture resistant to the antibiotic regimen used. Ten patients receiving cefoxitin placebo (17%) and 11 receiving tobramycin-clindamycin (21%) had recurrence of infection or died of infection (clinical failures). Nineteen failures occurred in high-risk patients (p less than 0.05) and 17 were in patients that had antibiotic resistant bacteria in the initial culture (p less than 0.01). Adverse effects were rare and remitted after antibiotics were stopped. Our results suggest that both cefoxitin and tobramycin-clindamycin are appropriate antibiotic regimens to treat intra-abdominal infections. Clinical failure is more common in high-risk patients and when antibiotic-resistant organisms are isolated from initial cultures. PMID- 3901373 TI - Experience with the endorectal pull-through and S pouch for ulcerative colitis and familial polyposis in adults. AB - An experience is reported with 23 patients who underwent rectal mucosectomy, total colectomy, creation of S-type pouch, and ileoanal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis (21 patients) or familial polyposis (two patients). There were no deaths. There were 23 complications requiring 18 operations in 16 patients. Twenty-one patients have been followed an average of 17.8 months (range 2 to 34 months) Frequency of bowel movement averaged 9.8 per day initially and 6.2 per day at the time of follow-up. None of the patients consider themselves incontinent, although 15 have had some degree of perianal soiling and at least on occasion have worn a pad. One patient intubates the pouch regularly, six intubate it on occasion, and 14 do not intubate at all. The size of the outflow treat of the pouch has been shortened from 5 to 2 cm in the last seven patients; six of these patients do not intubate and four report no soiling at all. Eleven patients have made changes in their diet or eating habits to promote more predictable bowel function and 13 take a variety of antidiarrheal medications. Nineteen patients are satisfied with the procedure and prefer the pouch to a conventional ileostomy; the other two have since undergone conversion to a Brooke ileostomy. Despite frequent bowel movements, complications, and some problems with perianal soiling, patient acceptance remains high with the endorectal pull-through and S pouch in adults, and further study, particularly using a shortened outflow tract, appears warranted. PMID- 3901370 TI - Immunological features of polymyositis/dermatomyositis. PMID- 3901371 TI - The role of prostaglandins in altered leukocyte function in multiple sclerosis. PMID- 3901374 TI - The efficacy of polyethylene glycol-electrolyte lavage solution versus traditional mechanical bowel preparation for elective colonic surgery: a randomized, prospective, blinded clinical trial. AB - This study documents the efficacy, safety and patient tolerance of GoLYTELY (Braintree Laboratories, Inc., Braintree, Mass.) an orally administered, nonexplosive, polyethylene glycol-electrolyte lavage solution, in elective colonic surgery. Fifty-three patients admitted for colonic surgery were randomized to either GoLYTELY or a traditional 3-day bowel preparation. Both groups received oral and perioperative antibiotics. Pre- and postpreparation weights, blood chemistries, and hematologic values were obtained. Postpreparation patient tolerance was assessed. During surgery the surgeon scored the bowel for the presence of retained air, fluid, or feces. Standardized semiquantitative aerobic and anaerobic bacterial counts were obtained from sigmoid aspirates. Postoperative infectious complications were recorded. Mechanical preparation with GoLYTELY resulted in a greater feeling of fullness, while the traditional preparation produced more hunger and abdominal cramping. The use of GoLYTELY resulted in better scores of overall quality and bowel appearance, reflecting a greater efficiency with which it removed air, fluid, and feces from the bowel. GoLYTELY also resulted in significantly fewer total aerobic and anaerobic organisms in sigmoid aspirates. This study suggests that GoLYTELY is a safe, well tolerated, and effective orthograde lavage solution that has significant advantages over other mechanical preparations and should be considered the preparation of choice for elective colonic surgery. PMID- 3901375 TI - Continuous epidural infusion for analgesia after major abdominal operations: a randomized, prospective, double-blind study. AB - We performed a prospective, randomized, double-blind study of continuous epidural analgesia for 72 hours after major abdominal procedures. Patients were randomly assigned to one of five treatment groups: epidural morphine, epidural bupivacaine, a combination of morphine and bupivacaine, epidural saline solution, and no epidural catheter. All patients received supplemental morphine sulfate or meperidine hydrochloride, intramuscularly or intravenously, as needed. Epidural infusion was begun at 2 to 4 ml/hr, depending on age and height, with two increments of 1 ml/hr allowed if pain relief was insufficient. All pain management decisions were made by nurses, who also monitored epidural function. Performance was measured four ways: pain as measured at regular intervals in the 72-hour period with a visual analog, pain as measured after 72 hours with the McGill Pain Questionnaire, amount of supplemental narcotics needed, and recovery of respiratory function and ambulation as percent of preoperative levels. The group that received the combination of morphine and bupivacaine did best on all measures; in most instances the difference between the results seen with the combination regimen and those seen with saline solution or no catheter were significant at the 0.05 level. With the exception of pruritus, complications were evenly distributed among all treatment groups, including noncatheterized controls. We conclude that epidural analgesia with the combination of morphine and bupivacaine is safe, is easily managed, and gives pain relief superior to that provided by traditional, systemic administration of narcotics. PMID- 3901376 TI - Improved results of multiple renal transplantation in children. AB - The results of 289 renal transplants in 223 children performed at the University of Minnesota during a 15-year period (1968 to 1982) were analyzed retrospectively. We found no statistically significant difference in graft and patient survival rates between 223 first, 50 second, and 13 third transplants. Children with greater than 1 year primary graft function had a significantly better second graft survival, especially when transplant nephrectomy was unnecessary before retransplantation. Children with less than 1 year primary graft function had a poorer second graft survival, particularly when the interval between transplants was less than 1 year. To determine the current risk-benefit factors in retransplantation in children, we compared two eras, our recent 7-year experience with our earlier 8-year experience. First graft survival remained essentially unchanged in both eras; however, graft survival rates of second transplants significantly improved, from 58% to 77% at 2 years (p less than 0.04). Two-year graft survival rates for nonidentical related kidneys improved from 73% to 82% and for cadaveric kidneys from 30% to 66%. Two-year graft survival rates for human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-identical kidneys were 100% in both eras. Better experience in patient care, abandonment of the practice of early retransplantation in children with rapid loss of the primary graft, changes in blood transfusion policy, and the use of better matched cadaveric kidneys probably account for our improved results. In conclusion, current risk-benefits for first and second transplants in children are the same. In our view, it is unwarranted to maintain children on open-ended long-term dialysis because the first graft has failed, although a period of maintenance dialysis to allow recovery from the complications of the first graft seems justified. PMID- 3901377 TI - The management of retained and recurrent bile duct stones. AB - The records of 156 consecutive patients treated for retained and recurrent bile duct stones between 1965 and 1980 were reviewed to compare current management techniques. One hundred sixty-eight procedures were performed in the 156 patients: 36 endoscopic sphincterotomies, 89 common bile duct explorations, and 43 common bile duct explorations with drainage procedure. Mean follow-up was 7.2 years. The overall success rates were 81% for endoscopic sphincterotomy, 80% for common bile duct exploration, and 86% for common bile duct exploration with drainage procedure. Five variables were evaluated in regard to the success of these procedures: (1) the time interval between cholecystectomy and the next procedure on the biliary system, (2) the number of previous biliary procedures or operations performed, (3) the diameter of the common bile duct, (4) the number of stones in the duct and their size, and (5) morbidity and mortality. The time interval and number of previous biliary procedures did not affect the success of any procedure group. Endoscopic sphincterotomy has become our procedure of choice. When common bile duct exploration with drainage procedure is performed and a dilated bile duct or more than five bile duct stones are found, the addition of a drainage procedure provides better long-term results. PMID- 3901378 TI - A low flow velocity predicts failure of femoropopliteal and femorotibial bypass grafts. AB - The prognostic value of Doppler-derived blood flow velocity measurements for predicting the patency of femoropopliteal and femorotibial bypass grafts was analyzed. Peak systolic and end-diastolic blood flow velocities were measured in 42 femorotibial, 24 femoropopliteal, and three femoropopliteal (isolated segment) in situ saphenous vein bypasses at operation and serially in the postoperative period. At operation peak systolic flow velocity was greater (p less than 0.01) in femoropopliteal grafts (90 +/- 22 cm/sec) compared with femorotibial grafts (68 +/- 19 cm/sec) and isolated segment femoropopliteal (58 +/- 16 cm/sec) grafts. Diastolic forward flow, indicative of low outflow resistance, was present in all successful grafts at operation and in the immediate postoperative period, but decreased thereafter. Early graft occlusion was associated with a low peak systolic flow velocity (less than 40 cm/sec) and absent diastolic forward flow. Postoperative decrease in peak systolic velocity to less than 45 cm/sec identified grafts with impending failure due to intrinsic graft lesions or progression of atherosclerosis. A low blood flow velocity threatens graft patency and should prompt an angiographic evaluation to identify correctable graft lesions or an outflow tract suitable for sequential grafting for the purpose of augmenting flow velocity. PMID- 3901379 TI - Occlusal forces and chewing ability in dentitions with cross-arch bridges. AB - The main aims of this thesis were 1) to study the pattern of axially directed occlusal forces developed during chewing and biting in dentitions restored with cross-arch bridges, 2) to find out to what extent these forces are influenced by the amount of periodontal tissue supporting the bridge abutments and 3) to study the chewing ability in subjects supplied with cross-arch bridges. For the purpose of aims 1 and 2 a method was developed which permits measurement of occlusal forces in various parts of as well as over the entire dentition simultaneously. The method is based on the use of strain-gauge transducers mounted into pontics or artificial teeth. Two groups, each comprising 12 subjects, were included in the studies of occlusal forces. In one group, the periodontal support included bilateral molar end abutments. In the other group, molar/premolar end abutments were unilaterally missing and replaced with posterior two-unit cantilevers. In each subject, four transducers were used, bilaterally distributed to represent the posterior and anterior regions and mounted so as to measure forces perpendicular to the occlusal plane. The occlusal forces were measured during 3 activities: 1) chewing and swallowing, 2) biting with maximal strength in habitual occlusion, expressing the voluntary capacity of the jaw-closing muscles, and 3) clenching between two antagonistic teeth, expressing the transient periodontal force withstanding capacity in that region. The amount of periodontal tissue supporting the bridge abutments was assessed from radiographs. The chewing ability was studied using a fractional sieving technique in principle according to Helkimo el al (1978) and was compared with the chewing ability of subjects with complete healthy dentitions and complete denture wearers. The mean total chewing force amounted to about 100 Newtons (N) in dentitions with cross-arch bilateral end abutment bridges, compared to about 50 N in dentitions with cross arch unilateral posterior two-unit cantilever bridges (P less than 0.01). The mean maximal bite force in habitual occlusion amounted to 320 N and 264 N respectively (NS). In the presence of end abutments, the chewing and biting forces were significantly larger in the posterior than in the anterior regions. The local forces on the distal cantilever unit were, however, equal to or smaller than those in the anterior regions and much smaller than have been suggested in the literature.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3901380 TI - [Methods of obtaining leukocytic mass and the effectiveness of its use in myelotoxic agranulocytosis]. PMID- 3901381 TI - [Quantitative and functional evaluation of immunoregulating cells and natural killers in patients with aplastic anemia]. AB - Cell-mediated immunity was studied in 11 patients with idiopathic aplastic anemia according to several parameters at a time. Analysis of the data obtained draws attention to the pronounced relative lymphocytosis, disordered balance of the immunoregulatory subpopulations of T lymphocytes (T mu and T gamma) associated with an appreciable increase in the number of cytotoxic T suppressor cells. The lowering of spontaneous and optimal Con A dose-induced production of leukocyte migration inhibition factor and deficiency of the activity of normal killers can be determined by potentiation of the suppressor activity of T lymphocytes or by the influence of factors produced by T suppressors. The goal-oriented correction of the high suppressor activity of T cells may appear promising in the complex of therapeutic measures used in the management of the patients' population with idiopathic aplastic anemia. PMID- 3901382 TI - Prenatal detection of nuchal cystic hygroma by ultrasound. PMID- 3901383 TI - [Medical induction of ovulation]. PMID- 3901384 TI - [Ultrasonics and ovulation]. PMID- 3901385 TI - [Human insulin]. PMID- 3901386 TI - Severe protein C deficiency in congenital thrombotic disease--description of an immunoenzymological assay for protein C determination. AB - An immunoenzymatic assay (ELISA) is described for the quantitative assay of protein C in plasma. This technique allows a safe, reliable, and sensitive assay of protein C, and is easily used for routine investigation. Using this technique, a protein C deficiency (0.16 U/ml) was discovered in a 16 year old patient with a history of very severe thrombotic disease. Protein C deficiency was also discovered in his mother (0.62 U/ml) and father (0.50 U/ml). We therefore suggest that this case could represent a homozygous deficiency of protein C. PMID- 3901387 TI - Influence of low molecular weight heparin on the hemostatic system after abdominal surgery. AB - The hemostatic effect of two low molecular weight heparin fractions and of one unfractionated heparin preparation administered subcutaneously b.i.d. was examined in 6 healthy subjects and in 53 patients after major abdominal surgery. Among other tests platelet count, prothrombin time, fibrinogen, beta thromboglobulin, antithrombin, antiplasmin, FPA and F-CB 3 related antigen, as well as various heparin activities, were repeatedly determined pre- and postoperatively. Under all tested conditions the low molecular weight fractions induced higher heparin levels, both in terms of anti-Xa and of anti-thrombin activity. No further significant differences of the laboratory results between the treatment groups were documented. Total blood loss measured at the first postoperative day was higher in patients with malignancy and negatively correlated with antithrombin and antiplasmin levels, while no relation was observed with the heparin activities and the other tested parameters. Whereas evidence for a hemorrhagic property of the tested low molecular weight heparin fractions was found, a particular mechanism underlying this effect could not be identified. PMID- 3901388 TI - Unreliability of current serum fibrin degradation product (FDP) assays. AB - Previously, assays of fibrin-fibrinogen degradation products (FDP) had to be performed on serum samples. However, monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) are now available which permit the measurement of FDP directly in plasma. We have employed two Mabs, one monospecific for FDP originating from crosslinked fibrin and another panspecific for the FDP fraction, to determine normal FDP levels in plasma and serum. The monospecific Mab gave a value of 40 ng FDP/ml in plasma and 10 ng/ml in serum, while the serum level of FDP recorded using the panspecific Mab was greater than 1000 ng/ml, at all the concentrations of thrombin employed. Similarly, when a solution of purified fibrinogen was treated with thrombin, the concentration of FDP present in the clot supernatant was greater than 1000 ng/ml when assayed using the panspecific Mab. Thus during serum preparation as much as 75% of the native FDP is incorporated into the clot while in excess of 1000 ng/ml of laboratory generated FDP, probably incompletely polymerized fibrin, is measured using panspecific antisera. These data indicate that current FDP assays using polyclonal antibodies are not a reliable reflection of the FDP level generated in vivo. The use of FDP-specific Mabs which do not react with fibrinogen is recommended for future FDP assays performed directly on plasma. PMID- 3901389 TI - The effect of the synthetic steroid Org OD14 on fibrinolysis and blood lipids in postmenopausal women. AB - Two groups of postmenopausal women were compared. One group of 13 was given the synthetic steroid Org OD14 to suppress climacteric symptoms and one group of 14 was given placebo. After a 2 week baseline period the subjects received daily for 12 weeks, either 2.5 mg Org OD14 or placebo. There were no significant differences between the groups pre-treatment. Compared with the placebo group, during treatment, the Org OD14 group showed the following significant differences: higher haemoglobin, haematocrit, platelet count, plasminogen, fibrinolytic activity on fibrin plates and antithrombin III and lower fibrinogen. No significant differences between the groups were found in alpha 2 antiplasmin levels, total cholesterol, total triglycerides, bilirubin or transaminase levels but the Org OD14 group had significantly lower levels of HDL cholesterol. With the exception of the haemoglobin and haematocrit levels all of the differences had disappeared by 2 weeks post treatment. PMID- 3901390 TI - Variation in activities of non-plasmin fibrinolytic proteinase and plasminogen activator in the lung and spleen induced by bacterial endotoxin in rats with special reference to the effects of MD-805. AB - The behavior of direct fibrinolytic (non-plasmin) proteinase activity and plasminogen-activator activity in the lung and spleen was investigated in rats after a single intravenous injection of bacterial endotoxin, and the influence of thrombin inhibitors on the effects of the endotoxin was assessed. The non-plasmin fibrinolytic activity was markedly increased following a decrease of plasminogen activator in the lung. In addition, variations in hematological parameters, i.e. a decrease of platelet count, fibrinogen level and antithrombin III, and an increase of blood urea nitrogen and euglobulin fibrinolytic activity, were induced by the injection, indicating the occurrence of disseminated intravascular coagulation. In comparative studies on the effects of the endotoxin injection and thrombin infusion, in the lung and spleen an increase of fibrinolytic proteinase activity was induced in a similar manner; the plasminogen-activator activity in the lung was decreased by the endotoxin injection but not decreased by the thrombin infusion. In prevention studies with heparin and MD-805, the latter was found to prevent the decrease of either fibrinogen or platelet count. However, the former failed to prevent the decrease of platelet count although that of the fibrinogen level was prevented. Heparin and MD-805 exerted no preventive effect on the endotoxin-induced variations of proteinase activity and plasminogen activator activity in the lung. PMID- 3901391 TI - The effect of ticlopidine on platelet functions in acute myocardial infarction. A double blind controlled trial. AB - A group of 43 consecutive patients with AMI were randomized to treatment with a novel platelet inhibitor, ticlopidine, or placebo in a double blind study. Treatment was started within 12 hr after onset of precordial pain. Patients who had taken drugs with known platelet inhibitory effect prior to the onset of therapy were excluded. Platelet survival time (PS) was measured 24-36 hr after onset of precordial pain and after 3 months of treatment in both groups. In the early phase of AMI CK-MB and ASAT were taken twice daily for estimation of infarction size. Platelet function, coagulation factors and fibrinolysis parameters were followed sequentially for 21 days and repeated after 3 months. In the placebo group a significant reduction in PS (5.62 +/- 1.63 S. D. days) was measured in the acute phase of AMI compared to PS 3 months after infarction (8.03 +/- 1.20 S.D. days). In the ticlopidine group PS was normal during the acute phase (8.35 +/- 1.82 S.D. days). After 3 months of treatment PS was normal in both groups. During the first two weeks after AMI significant changes in coagulation parameters and fibrinolysis indicated an increased risk of thrombosis in both groups. These parameters were unaffected by the platelet inhibitory therapy. Estimated by peak CK-MB and ASAT, infarction size was significantly reduced in the ticlopidine group. PMID- 3901392 TI - Studies on the binding of proteins to the human platelet surface: relation to platelet activation. AB - Several antibody fractions and sera from patients with rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura were examined for their ability to bind to normal platelets using immunofluorescent staining techniques. Platelet aggregometry was used to study the activating capacity of the samples. Both C1q, C1s, C1 inactivator, fibrinogen, factor VIII related antigen, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, alpha 1-antitrypsin, beta 2 microglobulin and isoantigens A and B, as well as fibronectin and plasminogen were found on the platelet surface. Only antibodies to C1q, C1s and beta 2 microglobulin were able to induce platelet aggregation. Sera containing immune complexes or platelet autoantibodies revealed positive surface staining for IgG, or for IgG and IgM. There sera also induced aggregation of platelets. Sera not containing immune complexes or autoantibodies gave negative staining and aggregation results. Thus, only some of the ligand receptor interactions were able to induce platelet aggregation. PMID- 3901393 TI - [Avulsion injuries]. PMID- 3901394 TI - [Cimetidine in non-ulcer dyspepsia. Preliminary results with a multi-crossover model]. PMID- 3901395 TI - Platelet absorption on the test tray (PATT): a rapid method for the screening of HLA class II antibodies using the two-colour fluorescence method. AB - Several strategies have been proposed for the screening of alloantisera towards HLA class II antigens. Most often the absorption of the sera with platelets is required in order to remove their anti-HLA-A, B, C activity. We have developed a simple micromethod for platelet absorption of sera: platelet absorption on the test tray (PATT); 0.5 microliter of platelet suspension is incubated with 0.5 microliter of the serum to be absorbed in the same tray which is subsequently used for the microlymphocytotoxicity by the two-colour fluorescence method. This technique is proved to be almost as efficient as classical absorption procedures: out of 44 anti-HLA-A, B sera the T-cell activity is completely removed in 43 by a classical procedure as compared to 41 by PATT; only 8% discrepancies were found among 394 reactions. PATT was then used for anti-B lymphocyte screening in 419 anti-HLA-A, B sera; 4% of the sera remained cytotoxic towards T and B lymphocytes while 35% reacted only with B cells, several of them being DR specific. PATT can also be useful for T/B lymphocyte differential cross-matches before kidney transplantation. The method is now routinely used in our laboratory for anti-HLA class II antibody screening. PMID- 3901397 TI - [Computer and nursing education]. PMID- 3901396 TI - Isolation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies reactive with endothelial cells. AB - Monoclonal antibodies were generated to antigens on cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Spleen cells from BALB/c mice, immunized with low passage cultures of human umbilical vein endothelial cells, were fused with the non secretory myeloma line, P3 x 63Ag 8.653. Hybridoma supernatants were screened for the desired immunological reactivity using ELISA binding assays. Hybridomas secreting antibodies reacting with the immunizing endothelial cells, but not with peripheral blood mononuclear cells, were cloned by limiting dilution and three stable clones were chosen for study. Further testing by ELISA revealed that each antibody displayed a unique pattern of reactivity. One antibody, 14E5, reacted with the macrophage-like cell line DHL-2, cultured macrophages derived from peripheral blood monocytes, and macrophages derived from malignant effusions. The antibody failed to react with fibroblasts or bovine endothelial cells. The second antibody, 12C6, reacted with human and primate fibroblasts and endothelial cells derived from bovine arteries, but not with mature macrophages. The third clone, 10B9, reacted only with the immunizing endothelial cells and the immature macrophage line U-937. All three antibodies failed to react with long-term human B or T lymphoblastoid cell lines, leukemic cell lines, or murine macrophage lines. None of the antibodies reacted with a battery of human epithelial derived cell lines or primary cultures of human epithelial cells. Indirect immunofluorescence assays revealed that the antigens were expressed on the cell surface. These antibodies should prove useful as differentiation markers of human endothelial cells and in studies of endothelial cell function. PMID- 3901398 TI - Estimation of fetal weight by ultrasonic measurement of several fetal growth parameters. AB - Fetal biparietal diameter (BPD) and head, chest and abdominal circumferences (HC, CC, AC) were measured by means of real-time B-scan echography. The study population consisted of 198 patients who were hospitalized at Tohoku University Hospital. All live-born infants were delivered within 48 hr after ultrasonic examination. This study was intended to establish criteria for diagnosis of fetuses weighing more than 2,500 g by means of a single ultrasonic measurement of several different fetal growth parameters. When estimated diameter of BPD exceeded 9.0 cm, 96.1% of the infants weighed more than 2,500 g. In all cases in which HC, CC, and AC exceeded 30 cm, the infants weighed more than 2,500 g. Finally, a multiple regression equation was constructed for estimation of birth weight by the values of fetal BPD, HC, CC and AC. The prediction error between prospective birth weight given by this formula and actual birth weight was +/- 200 g. The present method for estimation of fetal weight is simple and useful in obstetrical clinic. PMID- 3901399 TI - Self-insuring against malpractice risks. PMID- 3901400 TI - [40th anniversary of victory in World War II]. PMID- 3901401 TI - [Experience with the use of combination crowns]. PMID- 3901402 TI - [Prosthetics in open bite]. PMID- 3901403 TI - [Centenary of the 1st department of oral medicine in the USSR]. PMID- 3901404 TI - [Adhesion--a current problem of filling materials]. PMID- 3901405 TI - [A method for obtaining an anatomical macropreparation of the palatopharyngeal system]. PMID- 3901406 TI - [Tissue transformations in the surgical wound induced by immediate prostheses of various designs in experimental animals]. PMID- 3901407 TI - [Use of lamellar sutures in the combined treatment of phlegmons and abscesses of the maxillofacial area]. PMID- 3901408 TI - [Reaction of mandibular bone tissue to the implantation of designs made of a cobalt-chromium alloy coated with titanium nitride and uncoated]. PMID- 3901409 TI - [Use of composites in shaping the retention surfaces of crowns employed for the fixation of clasp prostheses]. PMID- 3901410 TI - [Use of incompletely erupted and malpositioned wisdom teeth in prosthetics]. PMID- 3901411 TI - [Treatment of the vertical form of the Popov-Godon phenomenon]. PMID- 3901412 TI - [A rapid method for readying individual plastic impression trays in preparing prostheses for edentulous jaws]. PMID- 3901413 TI - [Clinico-experimental basis for using cyanoacrylate glue in the primary surgical treatment of facial soft tissue wounds in children]. PMID- 3901414 TI - [Methodological approaches and means for the practical realization of an automated system for analyzing bioelectrical potentials in oral medicine]. PMID- 3901415 TI - [Physicomechanical characteristics of alloys used for preparing metal ceramic dentures]. PMID- 3901416 TI - [Adaptation to removable plate dentures]. PMID- 3901417 TI - [Role of function in the pathogenesis of dentition deformities]. PMID- 3901418 TI - [A new method for the collection of crevicular fluid for humoral and cellular studies]. PMID- 3901419 TI - [Dental morbidity study in a metropolitan population of 12,882 people 6-70 years of age in a supplement to a morbidity study in a standard population in a rural area]. PMID- 3901420 TI - Hemorheology of the cerebral circulation in stroke. PMID- 3901421 TI - Double-blind controlled trial of the therapeutic effects of prostacyclin in patients with completed ischaemic stroke. AB - In a pilot study, 26 patients with acute completed strokes (48 hours to 5 days after cerebral infarction) were randomly assigned to the prostacyclin (PGI2) or placebo groups. PGI2 sodium salt (Epoprostenol, Wellcome Research Laboratories and Upjohn Company) or its solvent (glycine buffer) were infused into the subclavian vein for six-hour periods in five courses separated by six-hour intervals. Prostacyclin was administered at a rate of 2.5-5.0 ng/kg/min. A significant alleviation of neurological deficits occurred 6 and 54 hours after the treatment in patients receiving prostacyclin. This improvement lost its statistical significance at the end of a two-week observation period. It is concluded that further modified controlled studies are required to evaluate the therapeutic usefulness of PGI2 in the treatment of patients with cerebral ischaemia. PMID- 3901422 TI - Caffeine induced changes in cerebral circulation. AB - While the caffeine induced cerebral vasoconstriction is well documented, the effects of oral ingestion of the drug in a dose range comparable to the quantities in which it is usually consumed and the intensity and duration of the associated reduction in cerebral circulation are unknown. Cerebral blood flow was measured via the 133Xenon inhalation technique before and thirty and ninety minutes after the oral administration of 250 mg of caffeine or a placebo, under double-blind conditions. Caffeine ingestion was found to be associated with significant reductions in cerebral perfusion thirty and ninety minutes later. The placebo group showed no differences between the three sets of cerebral blood flow values. PMID- 3901423 TI - Influence of contralateral obstructions on Doppler-frequency spectral analysis of ipsilateral stenoses of the carotid arteries. AB - Contralateral obstructions have been suggested to be responsible for inaccuracy in Doppler sonographic diagnosis and estimation of severity of internal carotid artery stenoses. Therefore correlations of the systolic peak frequency of the internal carotid artery (Doppler-Frequency-Spectrum-Analysis) and severity of stenoses found by angiography have been compared in subgroups with (n = 36) and without (n = 48) additional contralateral obstructions. The linear regressions in both subgroups were found to be very similar (Y = 0.0098X - 12.4 and Y = 0.0099X 14.0), the coefficients of correlation identical (r = 0.83). In 26 patients, the systolic peak frequency of the internal carotid artery did not demonstrate a significant change due to operation of the contralateral vascular lesion; thus indicating that contralateral obstructions do not influence CW-Doppler sonographic findings of an ipsilateral vessel wall lesion concerning diagnostic accuracy and non-invasive estimation of the severity of stenoses. PMID- 3901424 TI - Non-invasive diagnosis of intracranial lesions in the vertebrobasilar system. A comparison of Doppler sonographic and angiographic findings. AB - The accuracy and the reliability of extracranial vertebral Doppler flow (continuous wave Doppler sonography) for the detection of intracranial vertebrobasilar lesions was studied prospectively in twenty-one patients with brainstem disturbances and/or coma. The Doppler findings were compared with cerebral angiography. Doppler sonography was highly reliable for both detection and exclusion of high grade intracranial vertebrobasilar lesions. The pathognomonic Doppler finding was an abrupt deceleration of the blood column during systole and stoppage or even reflux during diastole. The same blood flow alterations were found in two additional illustrative cases having therapeutically or brain-death induced blockages of the vertebral arteries. The pathophysiologic mechanisms of flow disturbances and the limitations of Doppler sonography in this area are discussed. PMID- 3901425 TI - Multicenter trial of hemodilution in ischemic stroke--background and study protocol. Scandinavian Stroke Study Group. PMID- 3901426 TI - Monosialoganglioside therapy in stroke. PMID- 3901427 TI - Evaluation of fluorescence polarization immunoassay for quantitation of serum salicylates. AB - A fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) for serum salicylates that has been developed for use with the Abbott TDx analyzer is evaluated with regard to precision, accuracy, and stability of the standard curve. The FPIA method is also compared with a well-established high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique in a clinical laboratory environment. The FPIA demonstrates excellent precision, and the standard curve is sufficiently stable to perform reproducible measurements over a 29-day period without recalibration. Superior accuracy of the FPIA method is indicated for salicylate concentrations between 50 and 800 micrograms/ml by recovery studies and by favorable comparison with the reference method. The performance of the FPIA for salicylate concentrations between 0 and 50 micrograms/ml is somewhat less favorable and should be used with caution in this range. The present method is more appropriate than HPLC for the management of patients receiving chronic high doses of salicylates or in cases of acute salicylate overdose and is also more rapid. PMID- 3901428 TI - Evaluation of a mouse monoclonal antibody for the determination of serum theophylline by fluorescence polarization immunoassay. AB - Theophylline concentrations in spiked human serum and serum specimens obtained from patients with normal and impaired renal function were measured by fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) using a mouse monoclonal antitheophylline antibody. The interday coefficients of variation of the assay after 14 days were 4.2, 3.3, and 2.4% at serum theophylline concentrations in pooled human serum of 7.1, 12.2 and 26.9 mg/L. Theophylline concentrations determined by FPIA and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were used to generate the following linear regression equations relating the corresponding theophylline concentrations measured by each method in serum specimens from 50 patients with normal renal function (FPIA = 1.00 HPLC + 1.01, r = 0.98) and 50 patients with end-stage renal disease (FPIA = 1.04 HPLC + 0.08, r = 0.99). In contrast to previous studies performed with a polyclonal antitheophylline antibody, the precision, accuracy, and specificity of the FPIA were adequate for analysis of theophylline in serum specimens obtained from patients with end-stage renal disease. PMID- 3901429 TI - [The elderly and the relationship between denture problems and visits to the dentist: an exploratory study]. AB - Seventy-five percent of the Dutch elderly population has full dentures. Despite the fact that many have problems with their dentures, demand for care is low. This explorative study focuses on the individuals' own explanation of this phenomenon. Thirty-one persons over 55 years of age participated. The data were obtained from content-analysis of taped interviews. Most respondents with serious complaints did not consider the possibility of the dentist contributing to the solution of their problems. Some respondents did not see the dentist after loosing their last natural teeth. Others stopped seeking care convinced that further treatment could not solve their problems. In the case of old dentures a psychological process of adaptation to slowly developing problems inhibits the demand for care. Some implications of these findings are briefly discussed. PMID- 3901430 TI - Hepatic surgery saves lives. PMID- 3901431 TI - The gloving of a nurse (Caroline Hampton). PMID- 3901432 TI - Intraocular lens replacement in pseudophakic bullous keratopathy. AB - Fifty-three patients with pseudophakic bullous keratopathy (PBK) were treated with: Corneal transplant, Removal of the original intraocular lens (IOL), Replacement with a sutured-in posterior chamber IOL. Vitrectomy was performed in all but two cases. Eighty-eight per cent of the corneal transplants were clear and the vision was 20/200 or better in seventy-five per cent. Visual results are equal to other reported series where over one-third of the original IOLs were removed at the time of keratoplasty and were not replaced. We believe this is the first reported series using these procedures. The corneal transplants remain clear, the vision stable and pain alleviated after an average follow-up of 3 years. PMID- 3901433 TI - The use of Healon in McCannel suturing procedures. AB - McCannel sutures were applied to cat eyes with different surgical techniques. The cats' right eyes were operated without Healon, the left eyes with Healon. With every technique, Healon offered significant protection to the cornea, as was manifested in much smaller increases of the pachometry reading and much smaller decreases of the endothelial cell count when Healon was used, as compared to the eyes in which Healon was not used. The McCannel suture can be a dangerous procedure, but, although its use has declined recently with improvements in lens design, it is still an important procedure. Routine use of Healon (1 per cent sodium hyaluronate) is recommended, whatever technique is chosen. PMID- 3901434 TI - Posterior chamber lenses with convex side posteriorly--the calculation of dioptric power and results. AB - Out of 2,000 calculated and implanted posterior chamber lenses with the convex side posteriorly we selected all patients with intraocular lenses having a power of 9 to 11 or 29 to 30 diopters. We found significant differences in the results of IOL-power calculation, using the SRK-formula or the theoretical mathematic formula. Using the distance between the corneal vertex and the first principal point of the plano convex lens as the anterior chamber depth we find that the theoretical formula is the most accurate in calculating the IOL-power of higher hypermetropic eyes. PMID- 3901435 TI - Human organ replacement--then and now. PMID- 3901436 TI - Francis J. Braceland 1900-1985. PMID- 3901437 TI - Orville Carrier King 1899-1985. PMID- 3901438 TI - G. Henry Katz 1893-1985. PMID- 3901439 TI - The history of surgical advances in the past fifty years. By W. W. Keen. 1926. PMID- 3901440 TI - Fungal infections in liver transplant recipients. AB - Sixty-two adults who underwent orthotopic liver transplantations between February 1981 and June 1983 were followed for a mean of 170 days after the operation. Twenty-six patients developed 30 episodes of significant fungal infection. Candida species and Torulopsis glabrata were responsible for 22 episodes and Aspergillus species for 6. Most fungal infections occurred in the first month after transplantation. In the first 8 weeks after transplantation, death occurred in 69% (18/26) of patients with fungal infection but in only 8% (3/36) of patients without fungal infection (P less than 0.0005). The cause of death, however, was usually multifactorial, and not solely due to the fungal infection. Fungal infections were associated with the following clinical factors: administration of preoperative steroids (P less than 0.05) and antibiotics (P less than 0.05), longer transplant operative time (P less than 0.02), longer posttransplant operative time (P less than 0.01), duration of antibiotic use after transplant surgery (P less than 0.001), and the number of steroid boluses administered to control rejection in the first 2 posttransplant months (P less than 0.01). Patients with primary biliary cirrhosis had fewer fungal infections than patients with other underlying liver diseases (P less than 0.05). A total of 41% (9/22) of Candida infections resolved, but all Aspergillus infections ended in death. PMID- 3901441 TI - Blood eosinophilia, steroids, and rejection. AB - Blood eosinophilia is invariably associated with acute cellular episodes of rejection, characterized by blastogenic inflammation in fine-needle aspiration cytology of the renal transplant. The eosinophilic episode usually precedes the onset of inflammation by 1-4 days and carries no correlation with the intensity of the inflammation. No eosinophilia is present in the blood immediately (within 3 days) after transplantation or in patients displaying neither clinical nor cytological evidence of rejection. This suggests that the up-regulation of eosinophilia is not related to the transplantation procedure itself or to inflammation, but rather to very early steps in the rejection cascade. A likely possibility is a direct signal from alloactivated T cells. Treatment of rejection with steroids, but not with cyclosporine or, when not treating rejection, rapidly down-regulates the episode. At present we do not know whether episodes of eosinophilia are also associated with other occasions of T cell activation, like viral infection--therefore the value of eosinophil differential as a diagnostic test for rejection cannot be determined. PMID- 3901442 TI - Monocyte procoagulant activity and plasminogen activator. Role in human renal allograft rejection. AB - Currently the mechanism of renal allograft rejection is not well understood. This study was designed to determine whether induction of monocyte procoagulant activity (MCPA) is important in the pathogenesis of renal allograft rejection. The MPCA assay was performed utilizing a one stage clotting assay both in normal and in factor-VII-deficient plasma. There was no increase in spontaneous MPCA in 20 patients with endstage renal failure and in 10 patients following abdominal or orthopedic operation, as compared with 20 normal controls. MPCA was assessed daily in 18 patients who had received renal allografts. Rejection episodes (RE) were predicted on the basis of persistent elevation in MPCA as compared with pretransplant levels. Rejection was diagnosed clinically and treated on the basis of standard criteria. Treated RE were compared with those predicted by elevated MPCA, and 3 patients were assessed as having no RE by MPCA and by standard criteria. In 8 RE, MPCA correlated temporally with RE (same day) when compared with standard criteria. In 12 RE, MPCA was predictive of rejection preceding standard criteria by at least 24 hr. There were 7 false-positive predictions on the basis of MPCA; however, there was only 1 false negative. MPCA was shown to be a prothrombinase by its dependence only on prothrombin and fibrinogen for full activity. MPCA may be important in the pathogenesis of allograft rejection, and additionally it may be a useful adjunct in the clinical management of this disease. PMID- 3901443 TI - The induction of immunologic tolerance in newborn mice by spleen cells differing in H-2K or H-2D, but not "I-J," genotype. AB - Newborn mice of various strains belonging to the B10A series of recombinants received injections of spleen cells from adult donors to induce immunologic tolerance to antigens of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Donor-host combinations were chosen so as to provide differences at H-2K or H-2D, together with various portions of the Ia region. The experiments were predicated on the hypothesis that differences at "I-J" might be required for activation of suppressor cells--thus for the induction of the tolerant state. Tolerance was assessed both by skin grafting and by enumeration of antiallogeneic cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursors (CTL-P) through in vitro limiting-dilution cloning analysis. Host mice that differed from the donor strain only at H-2D, or at H-2K and H-2I-A, were rendered tolerant just as readily as those that differed at "I J" plus H-2D or "I-J" plus H-2K and H-2I-A. The hypothesis that "I-J" differences are essential for tolerance induction was thus clearly negated. PMID- 3901444 TI - Lack of evidence for an active role for natural killer cells in acute rejection of organ allografts. PMID- 3901445 TI - Thrombosis and recanalization of the portal vein in liver transplantation. A case report. PMID- 3901446 TI - A prospective randomized comparison of antilymphoblast globulin versus antithymocyte globulin for cadaver kidney transplantation. PMID- 3901448 TI - [Dynamics of the genetic structure in experimental Drosophila populations for the Adh locus as affected by ethanol]. AB - Electrophoresis method was used to analyze the genetic structure of four experimental Drosophila populations (the control one and those with 5, 10 and 15% of ethanol in the nutrient medium) with initial frequency of AdhF = 0.5 for 50 monitoring generations. It was established that F and S alleles had different selective values. Natural selection favoured the F-allele. Addition of ethanol to the nutrient medium increased the selection intensity in the first 15 generations but did not change the relative adaptability of three genotypes. This caused a similarity of genetic structure in experimental populations during 50 generations. PMID- 3901447 TI - [Comparative immunological and electron microscopic study of the structure of E RFC and OKT-3+ lymphocytes from human blood]. AB - Methods of immune electrone microscopy have revealed that OKT-3+ cells and E-RFC of human blood have a similar ultrastructure. Definite morphologic spectrum is observed within each of these fractions, that testifies to the heterogeneity of surface markers of circulating T-lymphocytes and their ultrastructure. PMID- 3901449 TI - [Variability of the duration of the cell cycle in pig embryo kidney cells in monolayer culture and correlation of the cycle duration in sister cells]. AB - The distribution of generation time of sister cells for the exponentially proliferating monolayer SPEV culture was obtained with time lapse cinemicrographic technique. The distribution is characterized by the average generation time equal to 24.3 hour, with the variation coefficient, asymmetry coefficient and correlation coefficient for sister pair cell being, respectively, 17%, 0.2 and 0.78. The results obtained are compared with the prediction of "a random transition" in the cell cycle. PMID- 3901450 TI - [Mechanisms of cellular multinucleation as affected by cytochalasin B in a culture of transformed fibroblasts]. AB - The multinucleation of cytochalasin B was studied by means of phase contract microscopy and time-lapse cinematography. Several types of alteration of normal cytokineses resulted in the formation of multinucleated cells. The main way of multinucleation consists in the complete development of a cleavage furrow with the formation of daughter cells and an intercellular bridge that is followed by the fusion of these cells due to extending the entercellular bridge. These results suggest that the terminal stage of cytokinesis is the most sensitive to cytochalasin B. PMID- 3901451 TI - [New method of encapsulating isolated nuclei into a lipid membrane]. AB - A new method of the coating of isolated cell nuclei with additional phosphatidylcholine membranes is described. The additional membrane was visualized under the electron microscope using ferritin as a label. The coating diminished leakage of the content of the nuclei and restricted permeability of the nuclei for exterior macromolecules. PMID- 3901452 TI - Mycobacterium malmoense. PMID- 3901453 TI - "Angioblastic" adamantinoma of the tibia. An immunohistochemical study. AB - An "angioblastic" adamantinoma of the tibia is described in a 78-year-old man. The diagnosis was defined by immunohistochemical methods, which showed a positivity for keratin in the cells lining spaces with a vascular appearance. PMID- 3901454 TI - Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid gland: an immunocytochemical study. AB - Twenty-seven cases of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid gland (MCT) were studied by light microscopy, immunocytochemistry, and electron microscopy. Immunoreactivity for neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and calcitonin was present in all tumors. The numbers of peptides and serotonin demonstrated in each case varied from one to eight. Bombesin was present in 18 of the 27 cases, serotonin in 15, leu-enkephalin in 8, somatostatin in 8, gastrin in 3, substance P in 1, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in 1, and ACTH in 1. Insulin and glucagon were not encountered in any of the tumors. Immunoreactivity for thyroglobulin was seen in five primary tumors as well as in one lymph node metastasis. The finding of concurrent production of calcitonin and thyroglobulin within the same tumor is enough to question the dogma of the separate origin of follicular cells and C cells. We were unable to attach any clinical importance to the production of multiple peptides and/or amines. PMID- 3901455 TI - Unusual nonimmunoglobulin-containing inclusions in a case of follicular large cell lymphoma. AB - Intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies were found in a case of follicular large cell lymphoma. They did not react with anti-immunoglobulin antisera and showed no enzyme reactivity. On electron microscopy the inclusions consisted of loosely packed fibrillar material not surrounded by a membrane or by rough endoplasmic reticulum. They were found only in the large lymphomatous cells. Immunocytochemistry showed a reactivity of these cells with anti-HLA-Dr and the OKT10 monoclonal antibodies. The nature of the inclusions remains unknown. They differ significantly from those described in the literature in cases of B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders. PMID- 3901457 TI - [The reliability of ultrasonic diagnosis in cholelithiasis. A prospective evaluation]. PMID- 3901456 TI - [Monitoring labor with cardiotocography and stethoscopic examination in normal and risk deliveries]. PMID- 3901458 TI - Photoelectron imaging of cytoskeletal elements. AB - The established electron microscope techniques have richly contributed to the current understanding of cytoskeletal structure. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the kinds of images of cytoskeletal structures obtained by photoelectron microscopy (PEM or photoelectron imaging), which has only recently been applied utilizes the fact that specimens exposed to UV light emit electrons (the photoelectric effect). These electrons are accelerated and focused to provide a detailed image of the exposed biological surface. There are several interdependent factors involved in imaging the cytoskeletons of cells grown in culture. Since PEM is a surface technique a major consideration is exposure of the structure of interest. A second consideration is the preservation of the three-dimensional integrity of the structures during the specimen preparation, and a third is preservation of antigenicity so that specific structures can be directly identified by antibody labeling methods. The photoelectron images of Triton-extracted cells reveal a detailed filamentous network of cytoskeletal elements. Prefixation of cells with a crosslinking agent (DTSP) prior to Triton extraction has little or no effect on the final image, whereas brief prefixation with 0.025% glutaraldehyde preserves more of the surface lamina and cytoplasmic organelles such as mitochondria. A comparison of immunofluorescence and photoelectron micrographs of the same cells shows a large correspondence in the fibers observed, and demonstrates the higher resolution of PEM. Direct identification of specific cytoskeletal elements in the photoelectron micrographs is illustrated using microtubule distributions in CV-1 cells by antibody decoration or, more generally, by the use of photoemissive gold markers on antibodies directed against microtubules. PMID- 3901459 TI - Johann Christian Doppler. PMID- 3901460 TI - Hypertrophied muscular bands in the region of the foramen of Bochdalek as a cause for an accessory fissure within the liver. AB - Within the right lobe of the liver a linear echogenic band with two parallel sonolucencies within it (accessory fissure) was noted on both real time and static scans of 11 patients over a one-year period. Examination of 27 cadavers was performed to ascertain the etiology of this band and demonstrated three with diaphragmatic bands. In two cadavers the band occurred in a location compatible with the echogenic line noted on ultrasound. The embryonic origin of the diaphragmatic band is presumed to be the anterior edge of the foramen of Bochdalek. PMID- 3901461 TI - Frequency independent ultrasound contrast-detail analysis. AB - An ultrasound contrast-detail phantom has been developed to evaluate the image quality of diagnostic ultrasound imaging systems. The phantom includes eight conical targets whose B-mode images show disk lesions such that the object contrast of each lesion relative to background is independent of the imaging device or transducer frequency/spectrum. By maintaining conditions for Rayleigh scattering and Rayleigh speckle statistics in the phantom gel, the object contrast of each lesion depends only on the scatterer concentration in the lesion relative to the scatterer concentration in the background. Experimental data confirmed this frequency independence. Results of contrast-detail performance of an ultrasound imaging system are shown, and a standard technique for error analysis of contrast-detail data is described. PMID- 3901462 TI - Mixing Apple microcomputer graphics for ultrasound scan measurement. AB - A modern microcomputer with high-resolution graphics can provide an inexpensive method for measurement on video images from a real-time ultrasound scanner. The problem which has to be overcome to allow the computer graphics to be superimposed on the ultrasound video image and permit subsequent analysis is that of synchronization. The video signals must be synchronized before they can be mixed, but neither microcomputers nor ultrasound scanners provide facilities for external synchronization of their video output. A mixer has been designed which uses a buffer memory and allows the graphics of an Apple II microcomputer to be synchronized and mixed with an external video image; we used a Hitachi EUB22 real time ultrasound scanner. The resulting combination is a versatile instrument which permits a wide range of measurements on ultrasonic images. PMID- 3901463 TI - Bibliography of biomedical ultrasound. No. 48. PMID- 3901464 TI - Does ultrasound induce sister chromatid exchanges? PMID- 3901465 TI - Sources of variability in carotid duplex examination: a prospective study. AB - Interobserver and intraobserver variability of ultrasonic, duplex carotid artery examinations was studied in a prospective, randomized, and blinded clinical trial. Forty-eight patients were examined by two technologists, yielding 96 carotid artery examinations. The kappa statistic was calculated to determine the degree of agreement corrected for chance. The kappa value between examinations by different technologists was 0.476. Variability occurred at both steps in the examination procedure: (1) obtaining the velocity waveforms (kappa = 0.536); and (2) using these waveforms to classify the extent of carotid disease (kappa = 0.609 for interobserver variability in reading waveforms). Minimal to moderate disease categories accounted for most of the variability. There was little disagreement in categorizing lesions as greater than or less than 50% diameter reduction. Intraobserver variability in rereading spectral waveforms was minimal (kappa = 0.842 and 0.894). Recognition of disturbed flow patterns in normal carotid bulbs may reduce variability. PMID- 3901466 TI - Indication of Doppler sampling on the video image of a linear scanner without modification of commercial equipment. AB - There is often a need for combining an ultrasound real-time scanner of one make with an ultrasound Doppler meter of a different make. This usually requires complicated and expensive adjustments of both apparatuses. This study describes how it is possible to identify the Doppler beam and locate the sample volume by adding a line to the video signal. The line ends at a point corresponding to the preselected depth of the pulsed Doppler showing the middle of the sample volume. The Doppler probe is mounted in a holder fixed to the scanner head. The holder allows rotation of the Doppler probe to form angles (35-90 degrees) with the scanner head surface. The sample volume indication corresponded well with actual sampling when tested on an in vitro flow rig and on different peripheral vessels. Modifications of neither scanner nor Doppler meter was necessary. PMID- 3901467 TI - Bibliography of biomedical ultrasound. No. 49. PMID- 3901468 TI - [Quantitative determination of the effect of induced alternating currents on the integration of autologous spongiosa transplants]. AB - In a right-left experiment on the ulna of beagles, the authors investigate the influence of induced alternating current on the number of healed-in autologeous spongiosa grafts taken from the same side of the body. At first an atrophic pseudarthrosis is produced in both ulnae of twenty animals by bone resection and electrocoagulation over six months. Following to spongiosa transplantation and plate osteosynthesis, the ulnae are stimulated during eight weeks with a sinusoidal current of 38 cps and an electromagnetically induced alternating current voltage of 600 mV on an average. The blindfold evaluation of the X-ray picture is performed by four experts and shows significantly better results in the stimulated side. By variance analysis of the results of electronic planimetry of serial layers in the region of transplantation represented by microradiography, it is demonstrated that the greater bone density of the stimulated grafts compared to the control grafts is statistically significant. It has to be considered that these results refer strictly to the electric data and treatment times applied by the authors. Particularly the results are not valid for the unique application of electromagnetic fields without alternating-current component. PMID- 3901469 TI - [Suture and functional after care of flexor tendon injuries of the hand by the Kleinert method. Experiences and results following 346 flexor tendon sutures]. AB - The restitution of flexor tendon injuries of the hand according to the tissue sparing method and functional follow-up treatment indicated by H. Kleinert and his collaborators has become very important in the acute treatment of fresh injuries of the hand. Having applied this method in the treatment of 176 patients suffering from 346 separated flexor tendons in 235 fingers, we are now able to present the limited indication. The surgical proceeding and the complications occurred are described, and the results found in the cases submitted to a follow up examination (141 patients, 284 resutured flexor tendons in 194 fingers) are presented. PMID- 3901470 TI - [Indications and clinical results of electromagnetically-induced alternating current stimulation of poorly reacting pseudarthroses]. AB - The authors present first results of clinical application of electromagnetically induced alternating-current voltage in 37 pseudarthroses showing poor reaction. The pseudarthroses had been persisting for two years on an average, the clinical pre-treatment time was seven months, the number of preceding operations was 2.76, eleven patients had been already operated by us one or several times without electric stimulation. Most of the pseudarthroses were contaminated; they were treated by sequestrotomy and immediate fixation with plate or marrow nail and autologous spongiosa graft. The alternating-current carrier was implanted in the bone with two electrodes each. When the wound was healed, the induction of alternating current was continued at home with a loan apparatus for three times 45 minutes to three times 2 hours daily. The electric treatment was performed during 6.7 months, the ossification was finished after 4.7 months, and the lower extremity could be fully loaded after five months. The recovery rate after one single operation is 89.2%. Repeated operations included, the total rate of recovery is 97.3%, no amputations. The review of literature shows that the method is favorable as to the stationary treatment time, the number of necessary surgical interventions, and the number of amputations. PMID- 3901471 TI - [Continuity resections of long tubular bones and subsequent bone reconstruction]. AB - The osseous restitution of extended deficiency pseudarthroses is possible by means of modern osteosynthesis methods which exactly immobilize the bone. However, numerous operations are required in order to prevent infections and to reconstruct the osseous stability by subsequent bone chip grafts. The treatment may take three to five years, and relapse and even failure will occur frequently. This aspects have to be discussed with the patient before beginning such a treatment, and there must not be any doubt that the patient really desires to be treated in this way. PMID- 3901472 TI - Comparative study of lymphography and aspiration cytology in the staging of prostatic carcinoma. Report of 35 cases with histological control and review of the literature. AB - Accurate staging of prostatic carcinoma is essential in determining the prognosis and establishing the most adequate therapy of the disease. Lymphography is the most widely used method in staging prostatic carcinoma but shows false-positive rates varying up to 58% and false-negative rates varying from 11 to 66%. Aspiration biopsy was proposed to enhance the reliability of lymphography. In our study we performed transcutaneous aspiration biopsy of the pelvic nodal chains in 35 patients with clinically localized prostatic carcinoma using a long-beveled side-holed modified Chiba needle. 124 nodal chains were punctured and malignant cells were found in 26 aspiration biopsies of 15 patients. In determining the true stage of the disease, aspiration cytology and lymphography showed accuracy of 91 versus 57%; sensitivity of 83 versus 67% and specificity of 100 versus 47%, respectively. Positive cytologic findings are conclusive for stage D disease, while negative cytology may be accepted as definitive only when the neoplasm is well differentiated or the Gleason sum is 2-3-4. Combined use of lymphography and aspiration cytology permits surgical staging to be limited to those patients with undifferentiated neoplasm, intermediate or high Gleason sum (5-10) and negative cytology. PMID- 3901473 TI - Permeability characteristics of the rat urinary bladder in experimental cystitis and after overdistension. AB - The permeability characteristics of the rat urinary bladder were investigated in experimental cystitis achieved by xylene/Escherichia coli, after dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) exposure and 3 and/or 10 days after overdistension. The changes were found to be comparable between experimental cystitis and DMSO treatment, whereas those after overdistension were specifically different in nature. Passive increases in NaCl permeability were shown to be accompanied by functional, metabolic impairment of the urothelium. It has been suggested that the concept of an almost impermeable 'blood-urine barrier' is completely misleading under these circumstances. This should be taken into account in future clinical considerations. PMID- 3901474 TI - Renal allograft rupture and its management. AB - Rupture of the renal allograft, although a rare complication, was encountered in 11 of our 152 renal transplants. The commonest cause was associated acute rejection. We treated our patients conservatively by repair of the rupture and antirejection therapy. 8 of 11 kidneys could be saved by this method. The patient survival was 8 out of 11. Deaths were unrelated to the graft rupture. PMID- 3901475 TI - Blood group isoantigens and bladder cancer. An overview. AB - The role of blood group ABO(H) surface isoantigen measurement in bladder cancer is discussed. The basis for this test is examined and an attempt is made to place the current status of this test in proper perspective. PMID- 3901476 TI - [New method of detecting antibody-coated bacteria in patients with chronic pyelonephritis]. PMID- 3901477 TI - [Radioisotope evaluation of the function of transplanted kidneys]. PMID- 3901478 TI - [Successful treatment of a urinary fistula after transplantation of a kidney by transcutaneous puncture nephropyelostomy]. PMID- 3901479 TI - [Ultrasonic scanning of the kidneys, prostate gland and urinary bladder in inpatient screening]. PMID- 3901480 TI - Upper gastrointestinal bleeding following renal transplantation. AB - Upper gastrointestinal bleeding has been shown to be a common complication of renal transplantation and one which carries a significant risk of mortality. In a retrospective review of 200 consecutive renal transplants in 194 patients, we found an incidence of only 6 per cent and a mortality rate of 8.3 per cent. Allograft survival in this group of patients was 58 per cent. These results are the product of careful preoperative evaluation, close attention to the patients for early signs of bleeding, and aggressive diagnostic and therapeutic intervention at the first evidence of bleeding. We also report an association of hypercalcemia with post-transplant upper gastrointestinal bleeding, with cessation of bleeding after parathyroidectomy. PMID- 3901481 TI - External ureteroneocystostomy in renal transplantation. AB - The urologic complications of 184 consecutive renal transplants (68 living related and 116 cadaveric) performed at Walter Reed Army Medical Center are reviewed. An anterior extravesical technique modified from Witzel, Sampson, and Lich was used to reimplant the ureter. Urologic complications occurred in 11 patients (6%): urine leak (4), obstruction (3), stricture (3), and total ureteral necrosis (1). These complications occurred in the first 115 patients; no complications have been documented in the last 69 patients. The several advantages of extravesical ureteroneocystostomy include: less operative time, avoidance of a separate cystotomy, virtually no hematuria, ability to use short ureters, no need for splints or stents, shortened Foley catheter drainage, and no interference with native ureteral function. Complications are few and become uncommon with practice. PMID- 3901482 TI - Exstrophy of bladder: evolution of management. AB - Eighty-nine patients with bladder exstrophy were seen at our institution over the last fifty years. There were 63 males and 26 females. Cloacal exstrophy constituted 9 per cent of our experience. Twenty-seven patients underwent primary urinary diversion with subsequent genital reconstruction early on in our series. Of the 57 children operated on since 1951, 50 were judged eligible for and underwent a planned multistaged reconstruction. We realized a 50 per cent success rate. The majority of failures were diverted into an ileal conduit for persistent incontinence. PMID- 3901483 TI - Renal oncocytoma followed for eighteen years without resection. AB - The natural history of unresected renal oncocytomas is unknown. We report a renal oncocytoma which was mistakenly diagnosed as benign renal cyst and followed up for eighteen years. We are unable to find other oncocytomas without resection which were followed up. The apparent lack of change in size over eighteen years supports the concept of slow growth. Malignant histologic characteristics confirm the potential for malignant degeneration in what is generally considered to be a benign lesion. PMID- 3901484 TI - Simple method to control bleeding and for urethral continuity in posterior urethral injuries. PMID- 3901485 TI - Pathology of superficial bladder cancer with emphasis on carcinoma in situ. AB - The coexistence of carcinoma in situ in flat epithelium adjacent to tumors is prognostically significant and is associated with an increased incidence of tumor recurrence and invasion. Recent investigations have been aimed at finding markers that will help identify flat areas of dysplasia or low-grade papillary transitional cell carcinomas that have a high potential to evolve into invasive tumors. Both DNA and karyotype analyses, as well as cell surface markers, have been examined in some detail and could have clinical value in certain settings. The tumor DNA index as measured by flow cytometry of nuclei retrieved from deparaffined sections may be particularly useful as a predictor of tumor recurrences and, possibly, tumor invasion as well. The diagnosis of superficial disease rests on urine cytology and the histopathologic assessment of tissue biopsies; however, intra- and inter-observer reproducibility of tissue and cytologic diagnoses by pathologists is a significant problem. The application of new technologies, such as flow cytometric analysis of deparaffined nuclei, may reduce the subjectivity involved in the light microscopic assessment of pathology specimens. PMID- 3901486 TI - [Problem of rehabilitation of patients with chronic recurrent frontal sinusitis]. PMID- 3901487 TI - [Experience with plastic surgery of extensive oropharyngoesophagostomies using pectoral cutaneo-muscular flap]. PMID- 3901488 TI - [Foreign body in the ethmoid labyrinth, sphenoid sinus and orbit]. PMID- 3901489 TI - [Shock and the pancreas]. PMID- 3901490 TI - [Use of medical glue in surgical treatment of pulmonary echinococcosis]. AB - A new method of the surgical treatment of Echinococcosis of lungs is analysed consisting in liquidation of the Echinococcosis parasite bed with the help of cyan acrylate glue MK-7. The method was used in 55 patients aged from 9 to 49 years. The application of cyacrine makes the surgical procedure for Echinococcosis of lungs easier. Long-term results of using this sutureless glue method were good. PMID- 3901491 TI - [Achievements of transfusiology during World War II 1941-1945 and its present-day problems]. AB - The achievements of Soviet transfusiology in the period of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945 and of the Soviet medicine in the following years represent a basis for the successful development of Soviet transfusiology under modern conditions. PMID- 3901492 TI - [Disorders of the blood supply of duodenal stump and their prevention]. AB - The role of types of the intramural blood supply of the duodenum in genesis of its stump incompetence has been established by the author on the basis of experimental and clinical examinations. Recommendations for prophylactics of this complication are given. PMID- 3901493 TI - [Pathogenic bacteria in acute appendicitis]. AB - Two hundred vermiform processes removed for acute appendicitis were examined bacteriologically. The authors recommend to choose antibiotics with regard to the sensitivity of microflora. PMID- 3901494 TI - [Clinical substantiation of combined autoallodermoplasty using transverse skin transplants]. AB - Clinical and morphological investigations have shown the expediency of using a new original method of combined skin plastic operation with the application of transverse autodermografts covered by their alloskin. In remote period of time the epidermal regenerative structures were being formed having little distinction from normal skin and recovered specific structures of skin (hair, glands, skin folds). PMID- 3901495 TI - Feline insular amyloid: immunohistochemical and immunochemical evidence that the amyloid is insulin-related. AB - Utilizing islet amyloid-laden pancreatic tissues from six diabetic cats, we demonstrated substantial immunoreactivity (peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique) of the islet amyloid with antiserum to a B chain-rich insulin fraction, but no reactivity with antisera to insulin, glucagon, or somatostatin. Islet amyloid was purified from two cats and a protein unique to the diabetic and islet amyloid laden cats was separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Immunoreactivity of this protein with antiserum to the B chain rich insulin fraction was also shown by immunoblotting. Attempts to obtain the amino acid composition of the purified unique protein (represented by a single 25,000 dalton band on gel electrophoresis) were not successful because the amount of protein was too small. These results provide important additional evidence that an insulin-related protein is involved in the formation of islet amyloid. Our study also shows that the diabetic cat provides several advantages for the continued study of the etiopathogenic relationship of islet amyloid and diabetes mellitus. PMID- 3901496 TI - Resistance to gentamicin and apramycin in Escherichia coli from calves in France. PMID- 3901497 TI - Glycogen storage disease type II in the Lapland dog. AB - A newly recognized inherited metabolic disease in the Lapland dog is described. The metabolic defect is a deficiency of acid-alpha-glucosidase, a lysosomal hydrolase. The clinical picture is dominated by vomiting related to megaoesophagus, and progressive muscle weakness leading to exhaustion and death before two years of age. Cardiac abnormalities are observed. The main histopathologic lesion consists of glycogen accumulation, notably in membrane bound vacuoles (glycogenosomes), involving all kinds of muscular tissue in particular. Recessive inheritance of the disease was demonstrated by complementation analysis. The enzyme protein is present in affected tissues, although in an inactive form. Based on the gene dosage phenomenon, an attempt was made to identify carrier dogs by means of a biochemical assay. Glycogen storage disease type II in the Lapland dog appears to be a homologous model for the infantile manifestation of glycogen storage disease type II (Pompe's disease) in man. PMID- 3901498 TI - Paratuberculosis: a surgical method of diagnosis in practice. AB - This article examines the use of the surgical mesenteric lymph node biopsy in cattle under field conditions. The surgical method and the complications which occurred are described. It is better not to give a sedative to an animal in advanced pregnancy. The site of the incision depended on the stage of pregnancy. In animals in advanced pregnancy in incision should be caudo-ventral in the right hand flank. To prevent complications, the grid incision should be used then. PMID- 3901499 TI - The prevalence of different porcine phenotypes in the Netherlands concerning adherence of K88-positive Escherichia coli to intestinal epithelium. AB - Jejunal brush border samples from 101 pigs were tested for the presence of K88 receptor sites. Specific adhesion of K88-bearing microorganisms did not occur in nearly 50 percent of the samples. About 40 percent of the test samples were adhesion positive for the prevailing K88ac antigen. The different porcine phenotypes were equally distributed over the country. PMID- 3901500 TI - Controlled release technology for the control of helminths in ruminants. AB - Release rates from controlled release devices are determined by the device itself and thus are accurate, reproducible and predictable, whereas in general, prolonged or slow release systems are sensitive to environmental conditions. Diffusion and dissolution are the principal means of achieving controlled release. A diffusion system is specific for the active ingredient and release rate decreases proportionately to the square root of time because of a decreasing concentration gradient or an increasing diffusion path. In dissolution systems, the choice of matrix determines the rate of dissolution and release rates are linearly related to the area of dissolution which can be maintained constant. Consequently, this system has general application, a sharp cut-off point and can be used for more than one ingredient simulatenously. Potential disadvantages of controlled release technology centre on unacceptable tissue residues and parasite resistance to the chemicals used. Advantages include, the ability to programme the release of compounds to achieve specific effects for various periods, decreasing the frequency of dosage and increasing the choice of compounds for the control of parasitic infections. Sufficient epidemiological information should be available before controlled release technology is implemented. Existing anthelmintics and control strategies can be used to achieve an enhanced, but expected result, e.g., prolonged reduction in pasture contamination to protect both ewes and lambs. In future it should be possible to devise compounds and strategies appropriate to the unique features of controlled release technology, e.g., compounds which interrupt or inhibit the growth and development of parasites. Environmental impact should be low because of the specific effect and low dosage of the chemical used. PMID- 3901501 TI - [Is kidney transplantation really advantageous for the compensated dialyzed patient?]. PMID- 3901503 TI - [Computer diagnosis in internal medicine]. PMID- 3901502 TI - [Colicinogeny in colorectal cancer]. PMID- 3901504 TI - [The effect of Tagamet on carbohydrate metabolism]. PMID- 3901505 TI - [Standardization of rabbit complement]. PMID- 3901506 TI - [Naval physicians during World War II]. PMID- 3901507 TI - [Organization of technical materials of medical services during the war]. PMID- 3901508 TI - [Treatment of injuries of the major blood vessels of the limbs]. PMID- 3901509 TI - [Effectiveness of thymalin and prodigiozan in the complex treatment of patients with dysentery]. PMID- 3901510 TI - [Fluorometric method of determining prolylendopeptidase activity in human erythrocytes in normal and pathologic conditions]. AB - A highly sensitive fluorometric method for determination of prolylendopeptidase (PE) activity in human erythrocyte hemolysates in the presence of hemoglobin has been developed. The method is based on measurement of fluorescence of 4-methyl-7 aminocoumarine released in the course of enzymatic reaction from the substrate Z glycyl-proline-4-methylcoumarine-7-amide. A correlation was introduced for the quenching of fluorescence by hemoglobin. The method is suitable for the determination of PE activity in human erythrocyte hemolysates in various pathological states. The dependence of PE activity on the incubation time, protein and substrate concentrations were studied using the 1,200-fold purified preparations of prolylendopeptidase II. The values of PE activity in erythrocyte hemolysates of healthy donors and in those of patients with odontogenic phlegmons of maxillary-facial area were virtually identical. PE activity in erythrocyte hemolysates of stored blood was 5 times lower than that in the cell hydrolysates of fresh blood. The PE activity was not observed in blood serum of fresh and stored blood of healthy persons and of patients with acute inflammatory processes of maxillary-facial area, as well as in blood serum of patients with hepatitis and glomerulopephritis. PMID- 3901511 TI - [Experimental and clinical use of various forms of immobilized proteinases and their inhibitors]. AB - Analysis of the data obtained in experimental (971 animals) and clinical (250 patients) studies with various immobilized proteinases and their inhibitors showed that this approach to enzymotherapy is a perspective one. Immobilized enzymes and inhibitors exceeded distinctly the native preparations in therapeutic efficiency and were devoid of their disadvantages (low stability and autolysis of proteinases, inactivation by inhibitors, occurring in blood and tissues, rapid elimination of the inhibitors from the organism). Wide use of immobilized enzymes and inhibitors in medical practice offered new possibilities in surgery, shortened distinctly the duration of patients treatment and enabled to decrease the doses of drugs and consumption of dressing materials. PMID- 3901512 TI - [Aldehyde dehydrogenases in the rat liver after implantation of a prolonged action preparation of an alcohol deterrent]. AB - Activity of aldehyde dehydrogenase isoenzymes was studied in rat liver mitochondria and microsomes after implantation of the new antialcohol drug of the long-term effect synthesized on the basis of disulphirame. Disulphirame, both in vivo and in vitro was shown to inhibit dissimilarly these isoenzymes. The degree of sensitivity of various aldehyde dehydrogenase isoenzymes to disulphirame is important for estimation of the drug efficiency. PMID- 3901513 TI - [History of the teaching of anatomy in medical institutes during the years of Soviet power]. PMID- 3901514 TI - [Proteolytic enzymes and their inhibitors in bronchopulmonary diseases (a review of the literature)]. PMID- 3901515 TI - [Use of echography in diagnosing diseases of the adrenals and gonads]. PMID- 3901516 TI - [Immunomorphological analysis of early myocardial damage in ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 3901517 TI - [Local glucocorticoid therapy of nonspecific inflammatory diseases of the joints (a review of the literature)]. PMID- 3901518 TI - [Treatment of patients with Ewing's sarcoma, reticulosarcoma and myeloma disease]. PMID- 3901519 TI - [Effect of nasal septum deformity on the general condition of the body and internal organs (a review of the literature)]. PMID- 3901521 TI - [Errors in determining and the choice of the optimal plan for titrating viral infectiousness by means of threshold dilutions]. PMID- 3901520 TI - [Mechanisms of the formation of viral resistance to chemotherapeutic preparations]. PMID- 3901522 TI - Strategies for teaching nursing research. A test of computer-assisted instruction in teaching nursing research. PMID- 3901523 TI - Critical review of research on computer-managed instruction in nursing. PMID- 3901524 TI - Sonographically documented disappearance of nonimmune hydrops fetalis associated with maternal hypertension. PMID- 3901525 TI - Human insulin in the treatment of insulin allergy. PMID- 3901526 TI - [Evaluation of the effectiveness of Fasygin in the treatment of intestinal lambliasis]. PMID- 3901527 TI - [Metoclopramide in the prevention of nausea and vomiting caused by cytostatics]. PMID- 3901528 TI - [Tuberculin reactions]. PMID- 3901529 TI - [Ischemic cerebral strokes of extracranial origin]. PMID- 3901530 TI - [Illnesses and death of King Casimir III the Great]. PMID- 3901531 TI - [Current views of the treatment of non-microcellular carcinoma of the lungs]. PMID- 3901532 TI - [Insulin receptor and various disease entities]. PMID- 3901533 TI - [Illnesses of King Louis I]. PMID- 3901534 TI - [Cellular pathology of Heyman nephritis: monoclonal antibodies against the pathogenic antigen Gp 330]. AB - Heymann nephritis is an experimental auto-immune glomerulonephritis, closely resembling human epimembranous nephritis, which is induced by identified antigens in the brush border membranes of kidney proximal tubules. The hallmark of the disease is the accumulation of immune deposits in a granular pattern in the lamina rara externa of the glomerular basement membrane. We have established that a large membrane glycoprotein with an apparent molecular weight of 330 kDal (pg 330) is the pathogenic antigen. By means of immunohistochemistry, using mono- and polyclonal anti-pg 330 IgG we found that gp 330 is present in the cell membranes of glomerular epithelial cells and that it is concentrated there in coated pits (specialized areas off the cell membrane which play a key role in receptor mediated endocytosis for ligands such as insulin and others). On the basis of these findings we propose the following mechanism of formation of an immune deposit: (1) "In-situ" formation of immune complexes of gp 330 and anti-gp 330 IgG; (2) shedding of the immune complexes into the basement membrane and (3) crosslinking of the immune complexes into the basement membrane. This scheme could be a general mechanism by which immune deposits are formed also in various other auto-immune diseases. PMID- 3901535 TI - [Absence of effect of secretin and cholecystokinin on plasma concentrations of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and pancreatic glucagon]. AB - There is little information about the effect of peptides on the VIPergic system. Reports of the influence of secretin and cholecystokinin (CCK) on pancreatic alpha cells are contradictory. With the help of volunteers we investigated the influence of a new synthetic secretin (1 CU/kg/h, 0 to 120 min) alone and in combination with GIH-CCK (1 IU/kg/h, 60 to 120 min) on the concentrations of VIP (n = 13), pancreatic glucagon (PG) (n = 15) and blood sugar (n = 10). 6 of the volunteers were subjected to a randomized cross-over NaCl infusion study. Neither secretin (0 to 60 min) nor secretin and CCK (60 to 120 min) infusion caused a significant change in VIP (31 +/- 3 vs. 34 +/- 4.5 pg/ml, mean +/- SEM, p greater than 0.05), PG (102 +/- 9 vs. 116 +/- 12 vs. 114 +/- 12 pg/ml, p greater than 0.05) or blood sugar (about 90 mg/dl) concentrations. There is no evidence of an influence of secretin and CCK on te VIPergic system and the pancreatic alpha cells. PMID- 3901536 TI - [Refractive corneal surgery]. PMID- 3901537 TI - [Computerized perimetry in neuro-ophthalmologic diagnosis]. AB - Computerized static perimetry is helpful in the diagnosis of lesions of the extrabulbar afferent visual system. Especially in cases with optic neuropathies static perimetry provides some advantages over kinetic methods: Early recognition of relative defects, especially of scotomas of low density. The results of the examination are independent of the examiner, which is very important for following up the course of diseases and the evaluation of therapeutic concepts. In some cases facilitation of classification regarding pathogenesis. Disadvantages of computer-controlled automatic perimetry are: Long duration of examinations, which cannot be tolerated by all patients with neurological diseases. False positive (pathological) findings as a consequence of tiredness of the patient or inadequate conditions of investigation. PMID- 3901538 TI - [Computer-assisted morphometry of the corneal endothelium]. AB - Until recently morphometry of the corneal endothelium depended on the time consuming technique of manual digitization. Computer-assisted, interactive image analysis with the image processing system makes quick, exact and reproducible processing of endothelial micrograms possible. With the help of this method the homogeneity of the cell pattern and the regenerative activity can be evaluated and changes in the endothelium over time may be compared for statistical significance. PMID- 3901539 TI - [Treatment of venous thrombosis of the retina with prostacyclin]. AB - Prostacyclin (PGI2) was used in the treatment of 10 patients with retinal venous thrombosis. All changes in 6 eyes with the non-ischaemic type of venous obstruction resolved completely, with marked visual improvement. The course of 3 ischaemic venous thromboses was unaffected by the treatment. In one eye ischaemic retinal areas were first noted months after therapy. All ischaemic fundi were subjected to adequate laser coagulation. In spite of the small number of patients it can be concluded that PGI2 does not seem to alter the course of the ischaemic type of retinal venous thrombosis. PMID- 3901540 TI - [Psychogenic denture incompatibility]. PMID- 3901541 TI - [Anticoagulants and thrombocyte aggregation inhibitors in or following myocardial infarct]. PMID- 3901542 TI - [The reconstruction of Public Health in the earlier Soviet occupation zone]. PMID- 3901543 TI - [Measures for the protection against epidemics based on orders of the Soviet Military Government in Germany and in cooperation with the Public Health Department of the Soviet Union]. PMID- 3901544 TI - [Assignment to the study of medicine by the Central Administration of Public Health]. PMID- 3901545 TI - [The development of Public Health in the county of Mecklenburg 1946-1950. Realization of ordinance 272 of the Soviet Military Government in Germany 11 December 1947]. PMID- 3901546 TI - [Realization of ordinance 297 issued by the Soviet Military Government on 3 October 1946. Measures to combat tuberculosis in the city of Leipzig]. PMID- 3901547 TI - [Exile of scientists of German medical faculties under fascism--a quantifying study]. PMID- 3901548 TI - [Remarks on Paul Diepgen's self assessment of his function at Berlin University during the Nazi regime]. PMID- 3901549 TI - [100 years of social insurance legislation]. PMID- 3901550 TI - [Activities of Ferdinand Sauerbruch (1875-1951) in the period of antifascist democratic revolution]. PMID- 3901551 TI - [Significance of sex res non naturales at the beginning of scientific public health of the 18th century]. PMID- 3901552 TI - [The anatomist, physiologist and pathologist Karl Asmund Rudolphi (1771-1832) of the Berlin University in the initial years of its existence]. PMID- 3901553 TI - [Use of B-image sonography in abdominal vascular diagnosis]. AB - The real-time-sonography as an evident non-invasive procedure is of high significance in the vascular diagnostics apart from the usual diagnostic approaches. Taking into consideration methodically conditioned limits the aneurysm of the aorta, the ectasia of the aorta, the elongation of the aorta, the early recognition of arteriosclerotic changes of the wall, the hypertension of the portal vein and the thrombosis of the inferior vena cava are the most important methods for the application of this method. In the aneurysm of the aorta sonography is authoritatively involved in the judgment of the indication for operation. Arteriosclerotic plaques are to be recognized from a size of 5 X 3 mm. PMID- 3901554 TI - [Virus-associated chronic autoimmune aggressive hepatitis (HBsAg seronegative) with pronounced diarrhea]. AB - It is reported on a 17-year-old male patient who in 1982 fell ill with a HBsAg seronegative hepatitis with therapy-resistant diarrhoeas of high frequency and in whom immunohistologically a virus-associated autoimmune chronic aggressive hepatitis was established. As cause of severe diarrhoeas which underwent involution only after 2 months as a sequel of the azathioprin-prednisolone therapy the proof of HBsAg in Lieberkuhn's crypts of the small intestine performed by means of direct immunofluorescence is assumed. PMID- 3901555 TI - [Experimental diabetes mellitus induced by total pancreatectomy with preservation of the duodenum in dogs]. AB - The total pancreatectomy without duodenectomy was carried out in 16 dogs. The postoperative diabetes mellitus leads to death on average until the 11th postoperative day. A prolongation of the survival time was possible only by an insulin injection or by pancreas transplantation. Bleedings and circulatory disturbances of the duodenum occurred in 3 of 16 dogs as a complication of the operation. The diabetes mellitus was confirmed by the estimation of the fasting blood glucose and the glucose stimulated plasma insulin concentration. The irreversible hyperglycemia syndrome after pancreatectomy proved as a pattern for the pancreas segmental transplantation. PMID- 3901556 TI - [Insulin production of isolated fresh and cryopreserved islands of Langerhans of rats]. AB - The effect of glucose and Domperidon (R 33812, pharmaceutical factory Gedeon Richter, Budapest) on the insulin secretion were investigated in the isolated islets of Langerhans of rats. The insulin secretion was increased by glucose and also by Domperidon, however, in a smaller size. The insulin secretion of cryopreserved islets--stored in liquid nitrogen of -196 degrees C during 2-6 months--was equal with the secretion of fresh isolated islets. Thus the cryopreservation had not impaired the insulin secretion ability of the islets. PMID- 3901557 TI - [Immunologic reactivity in the rabbit after the application of Xenoderm]. AB - The immunological compatibility of the pig skin preparation, Xenoderm was tested in an animal model. Firstly an experimental conception was selected which seized the immune degree of Xenoderm on the humoral and cellular level in animal test. Specific immune reactions should be provoked in rabbit after a repeated artificial immunisation by soluble protein extracts respectively by means of recured implantation of Xenoderm tissue pieces and native pig skin. Test period 3 6 months. RESULTS: Native pig skin of the offered configuration induced an intensive humoral and cellular immune reaction in experimental animal. Xenoderm was immunologically inert after application as a soluble protein extract in different concentrations and also as an implant. Xenoderm (desantigenic splitted pig skin preserve) is suitable as a temporary skin replacement for the therapy of skin defects. PMID- 3901558 TI - [Breech childbirth--obstetrical and antepartum ultrasonography findings]. AB - The clinical and sonographic findings in 662 cases with birth from breech presentation were compared with the obstetric and sonographic data of a control group (births from vertex presentation). There were significantly more primiparae aged over 30 (16%) in the breech birth group investigated than in the control group (p less than 0.001). Vaginal bleeding and/or premature labor were found more frequently in gravidae with breech presentation than in those with vertex presentation (p less than 0.001). Also, premature births occurred significantly more frequently (22%) in the former group than in the latter (9%; p less than 0.001). Furthermore, the proportion of newborns weighing less than 2500 g was higher in the breech presentation group (20%) than in the vertex presentation group (only 5%; p less than 0.001). In addition, newborns with growth retardation, with a weight percentile less than 5 were significantly more common in breech (6%) than in vertex presentation (2.8%; p less than 0.001). Uterine anomalies (in 5.5%) were more common in breech presentation cases than in the control group (0.0%; p less than 0.001). Oligohydramnios was diagnosed by sonography in 20% of the cases with breech presentation, but only in 6% of births from a vertex presentation (p less than 0.001). A pathologic placental location (placenta previa) was found more frequently (3.5%) in cases with breech presentation than in the control group (1.1%; p less than 0.01). Pathologic fetal movement was sonographically observed in 7% of the cases with breech presentation, though only in 1.6% of cases with vertex presentation (p less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3901559 TI - [Prenatal ultrasonic diagnosis of jejunal atresia]. AB - The case of a fetal jejunal atresia diagnosed by ultrasound in the 34th gestational week is reported. Typical ultrasonic findings are presented. Polyhydramnios, that usually can be observed, was not existent. The different types of jejunal atresia are discussed with regard to the diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities. Early prenatal diagnosis in this case has brought along an optimal postpartal therapy for the newborn, essentially improving its prognosis. PMID- 3901560 TI - [Juridical aspects of new treatment methods]. AB - We distinguish between subjectively and objectively new methods of medical attendance. Subjectively new are methods carried out by the specific physician for the first time, because he is just entering his profession or because he has never applied this techniques before. Objectively new methods are derived from medical investigation leading to other medical attendances than usually. With regard to new medicaments, the law is codified. As for objectively and subjectively new methods of medical attendance, the physician must observe the common principles like information of the patient, his consent, necessity of treatment, as well as competent performance. PMID- 3901561 TI - [Lupus vulgaris (tuberculosis cutis luposa). Clinical aspects and therapy past and present]. AB - In the developed industrial countries, the frequency of tuberculotic diseases of the skin including lupus has decreased to a very low level because of the significant decline of morbidity and mortality, the elimination of Bovine infections, the introduction of BCG vaccination, as well as effective anti tuberculotic drugs employed for about 30 years. In spite of the very favorable therapeutic results, we have to reckon with the continuance of the present lupus incidence as long as the number of tuberculotic affections in the world is about 20 million, and even in developed industrial countries, the yearly rate of tuberculotic patients amounts to 43 in 100,000 inhabitants. We know that the disease still occurs very frequently in the developing countries of the Far East. PMID- 3901562 TI - [Controlled study on the treatment of hypertension with verapamil in retard form]. AB - The antihypertensive effect of an oral slow release (retard) formulation of verapamil was evaluated in a negative (placebo) and positive (nifedipine) controlled study. After a run-in period of one week without antihypertensive therapy, 54 patients were classified as having mild to moderate hypertension (diastolic blood pressure 95-115 mm Hg) and assigned randomly to one of three groups (n = 18 each). These received one of the following treatments over 2 weeks: either placebo b.i.d., or a nifedipine retard preparation 20 mg b.i.d., or a verapamil retard preparation 240 mg b.i.d. Assessments of blood pressure were made at rest and during a standardized bicycle stress test. Data were recorded at baseline and at the end of each week. After one week of treatment, 1 patient receiving nifedipine and 14 patients receiving placebo dropped out of the study because their diastolic pressures were equal to or above the values before treatment. After two weeks of treatment, 13 of 18 patients on verapamil and 9 of 18 patients on nifedipine had resting diastolic pressures less than or equal to 90 mm Hg. Also systolic pressure and blood pressures during exercise were significantly lowered by both active drugs. Verapamil caused a fall in heart rate during rest and under maximal exercise. Undesired side effects from verapamil were constipation (6 of 18) and headache (1 of 18); those from nifedipine were flush or headache (5 each of 18); ankle edema, dizziness, or tachycardia were each reported by one patient. In comparison with placebo values, verapamil lengthened the atrioventricular conduction time (PQ-interval) significantly, however, PQ-interval did not exceed 0.24 s.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3901563 TI - [Lack of effect of aging on dopaminergic inhibition of aldosterone and prolactin increase]. AB - Because of the decreased dopamine concentration in the elderly brain an alteration of the dopaminergic suppression of aldosterone and prolactin incretion was postulated. In contrast, the application of the dopamine D2-antagonist metoclopramide showed no significant difference as to the blockade of this dopaminergic suppression in two groups of patients with a mean age of 40 and 80 years. Subsequently aldosterone and prolactin incretion was equally stimulated in both groups. PMID- 3901564 TI - [Fluorescence immunoassay in clinico-chemical diagnosis]. PMID- 3901565 TI - Enteropeptidase activities of peroral small intestinal biopsy material in children. PMID- 3901566 TI - [Comparison of various immune surface labeling methods for scanning electron microscopy with the example of a surface antigen protein of the yeast Candida albicans]. AB - The labeling of immunocomplexes for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is a fairly new technique, and the various procedures, that have been proposed, have not yet been compared. Such comparative evaluation was performed with Candida protease as a target antigen. This secretory enzyme of the opportunistic yeast Candida albicans can be localized on the surface of fungal blastopores and mycelia, both after growth in proteinaceous medium and upon infection of murine peritoneal macrophages. The presence of the protease antigen was confirmed by immunofluorescence and by immunoperoxidase-light microscopy. The decoration of protease - anti protease complexes for SEM was attempted with colloids derived from the immunoperoxidase reaction, by the immunogold technique, and by antibodies linked to beads of synthetic polymers (polystyrene, polymethacrylate, polyacrolein). In addition, inactivated Staphylococcus aureus was used, which binds to antibodies through its protein-A. The high resolution by SEM of surface structures was matched only by the colloid based decoration techniques. All conjugates with beads suffered from inconsistent binding, which did not correspond with the distribution of the surface antigen. The comparatively best result with beads was obtained with polystyrene (Latex). Colloid based techniques in addition allow for critical point drying, which cannot be applied to synthetic beads in the usual manner. PMID- 3901567 TI - The action of salinomycin-Na and lasalocid-Na on chloroquine- and mepacrine resistant line of Plasmodium berghei K 173-strain in Wistar rats. AB - Salinomycin-Na and lasalocid-Na, two ionophorous antibiotics known for their anticoccidial activity, exhibit in vivo blood schizontocidal action on the Plasmodium berghei Keyberg 173 RC/M line that has a high level of resistance to chloroquine and mepacrine. Salinomycin was found to have a greater effect than lasalocid on asexual stages of this line. Trophozoites and schizonts were no longer found after a single dose of 20 mg/kg or five doses of 1.25 mg/kg of salinomycin whereas a single dose of 40 mg/kg or five doses of 20 mg/kg of lasalocid showed no marked effect on parasitaemia within 96 h of starting treatment in rats. Some toxicological data show that lasalocid, however, is better tolerated in domestic animals than salinomycin. Early morphological changes in asexual blood stages were membrane-coiling in the cytoplasm followed by vacuolization and disruption of the cell membrane or pellicle after treatment with both compounds. In particular mature schizonts were totally destroyed showing enormously large vacuoles. Toxicological data and blood schizontocidal activity indicate the narrow safety margin in P. berghei infected rats, and place salinomycin in the 'markedly toxic' group of antimalarial compounds. PMID- 3901568 TI - Isolation of larval Echinococcus multilocularis by injection of infected human hepatic tissue homogenate into the Chinese hamster. PMID- 3901569 TI - [Postoperative wound suction drainage and its effect on wound healing]. AB - The positive as well as the negative effects of wound suction drainage on wound healing are outlined and the inherent physical laws which still were unclear are subject to an experimental analysis. The findings and conclusions which had been determined resulted in a modification of the clinical application practice and evidence points to the up to now daily change of suction bottle by routine as being a significant risk. Contamination of physical conditioned secretion reverse flow while opening the wound drainage system and the proven spreading ability of the bacteria within the drainage tubes leaves the possibility of a postoperative retrograde bacteria contamination reaching up to the wound site. To prophylactically reduce these risks instrumental improvements of the wound drainage system will be presented and discussed. PMID- 3901570 TI - [Morphological, morphometric and stereological aspects of Blount's unilateral stapling of the growth plate in animal experiments]. AB - Medial stapling of the proximal tibial growth plate in ten-week-old pigs effects in the first instance a local reaction of the growth plate being first limited to the region between the staple branches. From the 4th-5th postoperative day on, there is a significant decrease of the growth rate, the surface area of cells in the zone of opening cells, and of the surface density of the adjacent metaphyseal spongiosa. From the 10th-11th day after stapling a significant decrease in the height of the metaphyseal columns and the growth plate occurs in the medial compartment as well as a trabecular broadening of the metaphyseal spongiosa in the stapled area. Subsequently, the surface density of the metaphyseal spongiosa is significantly lower, the volume density significantly higher than the control values. With advancing postoperative interval the stapling effects involve the whole growth plate. However, the central and the lateral compartments show always less distinct findings. Unilateral stapling of the growth plate brings about a significant diminution of the radiologically determined length of the epiphysis, metaphysis and the total tibia as well as an evident broadening of the growth plate. PMID- 3901571 TI - [Ultrasonic diagnosis in orthopedics]. AB - Ultrasonics in medicine and especially ultrasonics in orthopedics are an essential enrichment of our ways of making a diagnosis. The development of modern diagnosis instruments in addition to the systematic research of the skeletal system and soft tissues have made it possible that this method can now also be employed in the special field of orthopedics. That doesn't mean that other imaging methods should be given up but rather that this new way of imaging should be seen as a completion and a screening method for the other procedures. Because of the easiness of applying ultrasonics there is also the danger of overestimating the extent to which this method can be used and the danger of misinterpreting findings because of a lack of knowledge. Both risks should be kept in mind when using ultrasonics so that this harmless method doesn't became dangerous to the patients after all. PMID- 3901572 TI - [Septum (review of the morphologic and physiologic literature)]. PMID- 3901573 TI - [Digital subtraction-angiography as an adjunct to conventional arteriography]. PMID- 3901574 TI - [Automated system of referral computer-assisted diagnosis of emergency conditions. Its purpose, structure and use]. PMID- 3901575 TI - [Bioluminescent methods and reagents for medical diagnosis]. PMID- 3901576 TI - [Role of Langerhans cells in the development of contact hypersensitivity of the skin]. PMID- 3901577 TI - [Experience with the use of laser photochemotherapy in dermatology]. PMID- 3901578 TI - [Psoriasis and insulin secretion]. PMID- 3901579 TI - [Experimental studies on explosion injuries during the war years]. PMID- 3901581 TI - [Molding with dental technical materials]. PMID- 3901580 TI - [Time in biological systems]. PMID- 3901582 TI - [Gnathology]. PMID- 3901583 TI - [Bond strength after various metal surface treatments of bonded bridges]. PMID- 3901584 TI - [Functional glide-plane system. Concepts and facts from the standpoint of dental prosthetics]. PMID- 3901585 TI - [Active stabilization of the acetabular floor by auto-/homologous bone transplantation in inflammatory rheumatic protrusion hip]. AB - Inflammatory changes of the hip joint in rheumatoid arthritis often lead to secundary protrusio acetabuli. Total joint replacement may lead to problems, especially in mounting the acetabular component firmly to the pelvis. For about 7 years we have been using the so-called "active stabilisation of the acetabular floor" by implantation of autologeous bone prepared from the resected femoral neck. In changing the artificial joint homologeous bone from our bone bank was used. Up to Dec. 31, 1983 neither graft versus host reactions nor failure in healing were seen. 107 total joint replacements with bone transplantation in rheumatoid arthritis were performed. In all cases we could see optimal growing in of the transplanted bone, often confirmed by X-ray tomograms, with good support of the acetabular component. So far we have not seen any negative results. The active stabilisation of the acetabular floor seems to be a worthwhile addition to known surgical possibilities. PMID- 3901586 TI - [Phillip Pfaff: most competent German dentist of the 18th century]. PMID- 3901587 TI - [New treatment possibilities using modern technology]. PMID- 3901588 TI - [4-years' experience with precious metal-free, non-precious metal alloys]. PMID- 3901589 TI - [Parallel alignment of tooth preparations in the laboratory]. PMID- 3901590 TI - [Dentitio difficilis? An medical historical excursion]. PMID- 3901591 TI - [Improper preparation of cast prostheses: risks to the remaining dentition]. PMID- 3901592 TI - [Effect of phenytoin on Purkinje cells in the cerebellum]. AB - We have examined the effect of chronic administration of phenytoin on Purkinje cells of cerebellum in adult mice. After daily intramuscular administration of phenytoin for a period of six months no difference in the number of Purkinje cells could be found between the treated and control animals. PMID- 3901593 TI - [Occurrence of antibiotic-resistant klebsiellas in waste water]. AB - The investigated oxidation pond treatment plant reduces the Klebsiellae content in average from 2.5 X 10(4)/ml in raw waste water to less than 10/ml in effluent. Most frequently K. pneumoniae was isolated (92.8%). From the raw waste water multiple resistant Klebsiellae were isolated continuously, including gentamicin and trimethoprim resistant strains which transfer their antibiotic resistance in 74.4% of all cases to E. coli K-12. In sterile raw waste water transfer frequencies were found ranging from 10(5) to 10(-7). In Klebsiella wild strains frequently several plasmids could be detected. PMID- 3901594 TI - The effects of the virulence plasmid ColV, I-K94 on the survival of Escherichia coli in sewage effluent. AB - Escherichia coli 1829 and its mucoid and non-mucoid ColV, I-K94+ derivatives (1829 ColVMuc and 1829 ColVNM) were tested for survival in final sewage effluent (FE) at 20 degrees C. All three strains survived well for 24 h; in some experiments there was also good survival at 48 h but in others there was marked loss of viability. There were only small differences between the strains in their ability to survive in FE i.e. neither ColV, I-K94 nor the mucoid character consistently increased or reduced survival markedly. To assess which factors in FE influence survival, the three strains were also tested in heated FE, filtered FE and chloroform-treated FE. All three strains survived well in heated FE at 20 degrees C but 1829 ColVNM, lost viability much more markedly than the other two strains in filtered FE or chloroform-treated FE. In spite of the poor nutrient level in FE, there was a marked increase, in bacteriophage number in those cultures incubated in chloroform treated FE. PMID- 3901595 TI - [The problem of eliminating pain in dental treatment]. PMID- 3901596 TI - [Principles of ball rotation systems]. PMID- 3901597 TI - [Alternatives to implant therapy]. PMID- 3901598 TI - [Formation of a study group "History of Dental Technology" in the School of Medicine at the Polyclinic for Dentistry in Halle (Saale)]. PMID- 3901599 TI - [Strategic aspects of health care for the complete rehabilitation of edentulousness with fixed partial dentures]. PMID- 3901600 TI - [Bionic cast sprue design for fixed dentures in cast model preparations (branch casting or delta-casting technology)]. PMID- 3901601 TI - [Patent ductus arteriosus in premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome]. AB - Since April 1983 10 premature infants suffering from patent ductus arteriosus combined with respiratory distress syndrome have been seen at our dept. for being treated surgically. One infant came to death due to bronchopulmonary dysplasia. The first 6 cases of this series were dealt with in detail. The possibility of conservative treatment (Indomethazin) or ligature of the duct are discussed. PMID- 3901602 TI - Cleaning and disinfection of knives in the meat industry. AB - The effect of disinfection of knives with water of 82 degrees C (180 degrees F) strongly depends on the amounts of protein and fat present on the tools. When fats or proteins are absent, even a high bacterial contamination on a stainless steel plate will be completely eliminated by immersion in water of 82 degrees C during 1 s, whereas even after 10 s immersion does not give satisfactory results if a high degree of fat and protein contamination is present. By adding lactic acid to hot water the bactericidal effect may be improved, although the results are far from optimal. Apparently, optimal disinfection of contaminated knives is extremely difficult to attain without the use of mechanical forces such as a high pressure water jet to remove the dirt. Therefore a special disinfection unit was designed in which apart from the factors cleaning time and temperature, the effects of mechanical forces could be determined. By increasing water pressure the cleaning effect was improved. Adding lactic acid to the spraying water made it possible to lower water temperature and water pressure, which, among other things, resulted in a lower climatological strain at the place of work. The thermodisinfector (a modified dish-washer) appear to be a good alternative for cleaning and disinfection of tools if the requirement is dropped that every worker had to have a disinfection facility within his immediate reach. The practical application of such equipment is discussed. PMID- 3901603 TI - [An expedient semi-automatic procedure for the preparation of large quantities of bioindicators especially for use in gas sterilization processes]. AB - Bioindicators serve to test the efficacy of disinfection and sterilization procedures. Such indicators mostly consist of a support (filter paper, as a rule) to which micro-organisms have been fixed by drying. The authors have used a thread as support and a special apparatus for semi-automatic preparation of the bioindicators. The components of the device are either commercially available or may be prepared from commercially available material without difficulty. The principle of the method is as follows: The thread serving as the support is drawn slowly, at constant speed, through the suspension of test organisms and dried in an air stream immediately afterwards. The apparatus consists of a cylindrical glass tube of a few centimeters in diameter, an electric motor slowly rotating the cylinder, a fan, a magnetic stirrer, and an ice-water bath. A small vial containing the germ suspension is immersed in the ice-water bath. The vial is sealed by a screw cap with two glass tubes of about 3 mm inner diameter passing through it. One of the glass tubes being bent in its upper part reaches far down into the vial to leave just enough play for free rotation of a magnetic stirring rod. This tube serves to introduce the thread into the germ suspension. The second straight tube does not reach as far down as the first one. Its lower opening should not be immersed in the germ suspension. This tube serves as a guide for the returning thread. Preparation begins by winding the thread to be soaked with the suspension around the cylinder.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3901604 TI - [Increased risk of infection by Echinococcus multilocularis for people in the endemic "Schwaebische Alb" region?]. AB - The infestation by the larva of Echinococcus multilocularis, also known as alveolar echinococcosis, is the most dangerous parasitic disease of man in Middle Europe. This is due to the location in the liver but still more so because of the proliferative and infiltrating growth of the larval tissue. The basic infective cycle of the parasite is a zoonosis between foxes as final hosts and small rodents such as common voles as intermediate hosts. Man can be a false intermediate host and thus a carrier of the larval stage. The infection arises from oral ingestion of the tapeworm eggs either on wild berries or in dust. Dogs and cats are a further important source of infection. They can be facultative carriers of adult E. multilocularis and are thus able to excrete eggs or proglottids of the tapeworm. In west Germany, in particular the "Schwabische Alb" must be regarded as an endemic region for E. multilocularis. According to the examinations of Zeyhle, the infection rate of foxes here is more than 15% on an average, in some local areas as for example in the district of Reutlingen it is over 25%. In order to estimate the danger of infection for man in hyperendemic areas the population of two villages of this district and also specially endangered occupational groups (hunters, foresters) of the whole "Schwabische Alb" have been examined for echinococcosis by serological means. A stepless ELISA was used as screening test. Thus circa 2200 persons liable to E. multilocularis could be examined. Among the population of the district of Reutlingen nine highly suspective sera could be detected. Computer tomography of these nine persons showed only one case of Echinococcus which could be identified as E. multilocularis after operation. Presumably serological positive cases come up as a consequence of a real contact with E. multilocularis. But in most cases the larval cestode tissue might soon degenerate because man is a relatively poor intermediate host. It cannot be excluded, however, that the Echinococcus-larva could not yet be identified clinically because of its early stage. According to most cautious estimation the prevalence of E. multilocularis in this endemic area might be one per thousand, the contact frequency, however, up to one per cent. PMID- 3901605 TI - [Mutagenic activity of nitrothiazole compounds]. AB - The mutagenic activities of different nitrothiazole derivatives were examined by the Ames-test. Such nitrothiazoles which display pronounced antibacterial properties against aerobic as well as anaerobic bacteria exert strong mutagenic activities. Thereby, both base pair substitution and frame-shift mutation occur. Reduction of the nitro-group of the nitrothiazoles by bacterial nitroreductases is a prerequisite for these mutagenic activities. In contrast, nitrothiazole derivatives which are unable to inhibit bacterial multiplication are also not mutagenic. PMID- 3901606 TI - Bactericidal effects of photochemical smog constituents produced by a flow reactor. III. Communication: determination of mutagenic effects of photochemical smog on E. coli K 12 343/113. AB - The multipurpose strain E. coli K12 343/113 allows the simultaneous detection of different DNA alterations such as base-pair changes, frameshifts and deletions. The investigations show the detection of mutagenic potency in the mixture which is called photochemical smog, produced by a flow reactor. Responsible for these effects were ozone and hydrocarbon-radicals, but not NOx, hydrocarbons (propene, isobutene, trans-2-butene) and peroxiacetylnitrate (PAN). In the given conditions these mutagenic substances are involved in DNA alterations like base-pair changes and deletions due to the amounts of colonies in the gal+-, MTR-, and arg+-system. No frameshifts could be detected in the nad+-system. PMID- 3901607 TI - [Culturing of chlorine-damaged E. coli bacteria using the membrane filteration technic]. AB - The number of chlorine-impaired E. coli organisms obtainable with the aid of the membrane-filtration-Endo-agar-method is so reduced that this method cannot be considered equivalent to liquid enrichment. Notwithstanding the well documented difficulties that arise from differences between batches of the same filters e. g. from problems to assure their standardization, the main obstacles do not stem from the questionable suitability of membrane filters but from the toxicity of the Endo-agar. The use of lactose-pepton (L.P.)-broth (German Standard Methods 1971) equally does not lead to satisfactory results if compared to the use of casein-soya (C.S.)-broth. PMID- 3901608 TI - [An improved lactose-peptone medium for the cultivation of chlorine-damaged E. coli bacteria]. AB - A description of a casein-soya-lactose broth (CSLB) for the cultivation of chlorine-impaired E. coli bacteria is given. In this liquid medium the recovery rates of chlorine impaired E. coli are superior or at least equal to recovery rates observed when casein-soya-broth (CSB) is used. Differences are regularly seen when lactose-pepton-broth (LPB) according the German Standards (DEV.K6) is used between direct inoculation into a liquid enrichment medium and inoculation into the same medium following membrane filtration are no longer found when CSSL broth is used instead of LPB. PMID- 3901609 TI - [Status of prenatal diagnosis using direct interventions on the fetus]. AB - Prenatal diagnosis has developed into a large flourishing multidisciplinary branch of medicine. At present prenatal diagnosis is world-wide possible in the second trimester of pregnancy by analysis of both amniotic fluid obtained by amniocentesis or amniotic cell cultures. Ultrasound plays a central role in prenatal diagnosis, and has revolutionized obstetric practice. Without dealing with all aspects of prenatal diagnosis we have discussed the following invasive procedures, which give the prenatal diagnosis its forward thrust: fetal blood sampling including intravascular transfusion, fetal skin-, liver- and muscle biopsy, chorion biopsy, selective birth in twin pregnancies, and fetal therapy including fetal surgery. In utero surgery is in its earliest stages. Such simple procedures as decompression of the hydronephrotic kidney in obstructive uropathy, of the fetal lungs in pleural effusions caused by chylothorax, or of the hydrocephalic ventricle may be useful, but the possible success rate for such efforts remains still uncertain. The possibilities of first-trimester prenatal diagnosis especially by DNA-technology or direct chromosomal and biochemical analysis has stimulated the development of a multiplicity of methods for taking chorion biopsies. Compared with second trimester amniocentesis, the introduction of prenatal diagnosis by chorionic villi sampling would reduce the psychic trauma for patients waiting on results and allow earlier and safer termination of pregnancy. PMID- 3901610 TI - [Vaginal delivery following active transabdominal treatment of a prenatally diagnosed fetal hydrocephalus]. AB - In a case of fetal hydrocephalus the authors repeatedly removed cerebrospinal fluid from the ventricles, transabdominally, by continuous pressure monitoring. Their aim was partly to improve the future functional prospects of the fetus, partly, by reducing the head circumference, to make possible a spontaneous and rapid deliver. After the period of adaptation a ventriculo-peritoneal shunt was implanted. PMID- 3901611 TI - [Comparison of fetal respiratory movement and the non-stress test with the condition of the fetus in and following labor]. AB - Fetal breathing movements and nonstress test were examined in 104 non-selected pregnant women between weeks 38-42 of gestation. A significant relationship existed between either the presence or absence of fetal breathing movements and results of the nonstress test as judged by the one-, and five minute Apgar score or the incidence of fetal distress in labour. Significantly more information can be gained about the status of the fetus by combination of the methods than by employing any of the two alone. PMID- 3901612 TI - [The W. B. Shute episiotomy suture]. AB - 763 (40,4 per cent) of 1888 episiotomies were sutured according the technique of Shute. Postoperative healing of the wound was better compared with usual technique. PMID- 3901613 TI - Proteins from Salmonella R-mutants mediating protection against Salmonella typhimurium infection in mice. II. Protection tests performed with proteins free from lipopolysaccharide. AB - Lipopolysaccharide-free proteins obtained from R-mutants of Salmonella typhimurium, S. minnesota and S. dublin as well as those from an S-form of S. typhimurium mediated protection in mice against experimental infection with S. typhimurium. The protection was measured by LD50 and is statistically significant. The level of protection of all the preparations was similar. Non bacterial proteins had no effect under similar experimental conditions. Protection afforded by the purified proteins was lower than that of the corresponding complex crude extract; supplementation of proteins with lipopolysaccharide and phospholipids in model membrane vesicles enhanced their potency. However, lipopolysaccharides or phospholipids alone were not able to increase the efficacy of purified proteins. Some other fractions obtained by gel filtration of the crude extract also afford protection. PMID- 3901614 TI - Active immunization of NMRI mice against Serratia marcescens. AB - Phenol-hot water lipopolysaccharide (LPS) extracts of Serratia marcescens strains CDC O3:H1, CDC O6:H3, NEW CDC O14:H12, and SH 186 (serotype O6/O14:H12) significantly protected NMRI mice against intraperitoneal challenge with the more mouse virulent homologous strains; overall, there was moderate cross-protection against the minority of heterologous challenge strains. Trichloroacetic acid LPS extracts and K-antigen extracts of strains NEW CDC O14:H12 and SH 186 also proved protective antigens. The purified metalloproteases of strains SH 186 and SF 178 (serotype O6/O14:H12) effected active murine immunization. Neither active nor passive immunization of NMRI mice with E. coli Rc mutant J5 afforded significant protection against various challenge strains of S. marcescens. PMID- 3901615 TI - Degradation of human fibronectin by metalloproteases of Serratia marcescens. AB - The purified metalloproteases of Serratia marcescens strains SF 178 and SH 186 attacked soluble human serum fibronectin. This observation points to a novel mechanism through which bacterial 'aggressins' might abolish nonspecific host defense mechanisms. PMID- 3901616 TI - Identification of glycosylated protein antigens of Treponema pallidum and Treponema phagedenis. AB - Comparison of autoradiographies of intrinsically [35S] methionine and [14C] glucosamine labeled Treponema pallidum (Nichols strain) after sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) revealed four glycosylated proteins with molecular weights 30,500, 33,000, 35,000, and 59,000. T. phagedenis (biotype Reiter) was comparatively investigated and showed only two glycosylated proteins with molecular weights 33,000 and 34,000. The at the first time in treponemes identified glycosylated proteins could be precipitated with homologous human antibodies and characterized as antigens. By comparison with 125I surface labeling of T. pallidum and T. phagedenis it is suggested that the glycosylated protein antigens are localized on the surface of these treponemes. PMID- 3901617 TI - The classification of Sejroe group serovars of Leptospira interrogans with monoclonal antibodies. AB - Using the hybridoma technique we produced monoclonal antibodies to serovars of Leptospira interrogans. We focussed on serovar hardjo which is an important pathogen for humans and animals, and on other serovars of the Sejroe group. With combinations of monoclonals, characteristic patterns of agglutination were observed according to the specific pattern of antigenic determinants of that serovar. A set of 13 monoclonal antibodies was composed which allowed the classification of almost all serovars of the Sejroe group. PMID- 3901618 TI - The therapeutic response of cephalosporin-treated E. coli pyelonephritis of the rat, in relation to variations of the infection model. AB - In the E. coli pyelonephritis, induced in female Wistar rats by retrograde infection (high pressure reflux), we investigated the influence of 1) the time of commencement of therapy, 2) the renal bacterial counts, i.e. the inflammatory activity of the pyelonephritis after endovesical instillation of cultures with different bacterial concentrations, and 3) the level of infection resistance of the experimental animal strain on the therapeutic response of the model infection with single doses of cefoxitin (150 mg/ml) and cefotaxime (5 mg/ml). Early commencement of therapy post inoculation was therapeutically advantageous provided the intrarenal multiplication of the infective organisms was not delayed or the initial bacterial concentrations were not too high. The mild form of pyelonephritis with lower renal bacterial concentrations and poor inflammatory activity after endovesical instillation of a low inoculum (10(4) cfu/ml) was less amenable to treatment than the inflammatory active pyelonephritis with high renal bacterial counts, using a high inoculum (10(7) cfu/ml). High renal bacterial counts after retrograde inoculation of an E. coli culture of 10(8) cfu/ml resulted in significant reduction of bacterial counts 48, 72 and 96 h post infectionem, with i.m. application of cefoxitin 12 h prior. For Wistar rat strain Bor:WIST, which showed a stronger infection resistance with lower renal bacterial concentrations and a stronger tendency to spontaneous healing, application of a single dose of cefotaxime (5 mg/ml) was therapeutically ineffective, whereas, in contrast, with Han: WIST rats the acute phase of E. coli pyelonephritis could be treated effectively. PMID- 3901619 TI - [Occurrence and properties of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains from young dogs with enteritis]. PMID- 3901620 TI - [Adaptation of intestinal disaccharidases to saccharose in the ontogeny of chicks]. AB - In experiments of 1, 15 and 30-day chicks, studies have been made of adaptational changes in the activity of maltase and saccharase from different parts of the small intestine during feeding by sucrose. It was found that the increase in the activity of the mentioned enzymes during sucrose utilization takes place only in 30-day chicks. At earlier stages of ontogenesis, adaptational changes in the activity of disaccharidases are directed to the enhancement of the decrease in the activity of maltase and saccharase in the small intestine, this decrease being observed at these stages in control chicks. PMID- 3901621 TI - [Variability of microorganisms during the phasic transformation of their populations]. PMID- 3901622 TI - [Variability of the pathogenicity traits of populations of staphylococci in a surgical hospital]. AB - The results of the study of heterogeneity of staphylococcal populations at a surgical ward are presented. The study deals with qualitative and quantitative characteristics of three groups of pathogenicity factors: protease (the penetration factor), protein A (the function of protection from phagocytosis) and alpha-hemolysin (the toxic function). The study shows that the greatest number of S. aureus strains with a high content of protein A has been isolated from patients with postoperative and wound infections. On the basis of the data obtained in this study the groups of strains have been defined in accordance with the association of the signs of pathogenicity. These groups reflect pronounced heterogeneity of staphylococcal strains at a surgical ward. PMID- 3901623 TI - [Potential use of hydrolysates of feed yeasts and animal blood in preparing nutrient media for the diagnosis of intestinal infections]. AB - The comparative evaluation of fodder yeast aid animal blood hydrolysates, used for the preparation of differentiating diagnostic culture media, has been made. Endo and Levine media prepared on the basis of animal blood hydrolysates have proved to possess good vegetating, differentiating and inhibiting properties. Fodder yeast hydrolysates containing carbohydrates cannot be used for the preparation of Endo and Levine media due to their insufficient differentiating properties. PMID- 3901624 TI - [Development of a Soviet immunoenzyme test system for the quantitative determination of human immunoglobulin E]. AB - An EIA system for the quantitative determination of human IgE was developed. As the solid phase, polystyrene microplates sensitized with the gamma globulin fraction of sheep antiserum to human IgE were used in this system. Peroxidase conjugate with IgE was prepared with the use of periodate technique. The optimum parameters for the sorption of antibodies on polystyrene were determined: protein concentration, the pH of the buffer, temperature, the time of fixation, the working dilution of the conjugate. As the substrate of peroxidase activity, ortho phenilenediamine solution with hydrogen peroxide was used. The result was evaluated by means of a photometer, model Titertek Multiskan MC (Flow Laboratories Ltd., Great Britain), at the wavelength 429 nm. The new EIA system proved to be specific and detected IgE in the sera under investigation at a concentration of 10(-9) g/ml. The system permitted the determination of the normal level of IgE in a group of healthy adults, this level being, on the average, 76 +/- 9 kU/1. PMID- 3901625 TI - [Local immunity in the parenteral immunization of guinea pigs with a ribosomal dysentery vaccine]. AB - After immunization of guinea pigs with Shigella sonnei ribosomal vaccine O antibodies appeared not only in the blood serum of the animals, but also in their lacrimal fluid. Since no correlation between the levels of serum and secretory antibodies was detected and since the time course of changes in these antibody levels was quite different (serum antibodies reached their peak on day 7 while secretory antibodies, on day 14 after vaccination), antibodies in lacrimal fluid were supposed to reflect local immune response induced by parenteral administration of ribosomal vaccine, irrespective of systemic immune response. The peak of secretory O-antibodies coincided in time with the period of the highest protection of guinea pigs from Shigella keratoconjunctivitis. The animals with a high level of secretory antibodies were better protected from Shigella infection than those with a low level of secretory antibodies. These data suggest that locally produced O-antibodies play an important role in protective immunity induced by parenteral administration of the ribosomal vaccine. PMID- 3901626 TI - [Cloning and the expression of the hemolysin gene of Leptospira pomona pomona in Escherichia coli]. AB - The library of Leptospira pomona genes was obtained on phage vector AL 47.1. From this library a recombinant phage carrying the hemolysin gene was selected. The DNA fragment (7.7 kb) of this phage containing the hemolysin gene was subcloned on plasmid pUC19. E. coli clones with hybrid plasmid pDR7 were shown to be hemolytic, but the secretion of hemolysin by E. coli into the culture medium was not observed. PMID- 3901628 TI - [Effect of delayed hypersensitivity due to Staphylococcus or BCG vaccine on the sensitivity of animals to infection with heterologous bacteria or influenza virus]. AB - Experiments on mice of different strains have demonstrated that sensitization with BCG vaccine slightly increases resistance to infection with Francisella tularensis, Escherichia coli 819 and influenza A2 virus in mice of those strains which are capable of developing a high level of delayed hypersensitivity (DH). On the contrary, sensitization with Staphylococcus aureus b-243 decreases this resistance. A sharp increase in resistance to infection has been achieved in sensitized animals receiving DH-inducing specific antigen (old tuberculin or staphylococcal phagolysate) 24 hours before inoculation. This increased resistance to infection is due mainly to the eliminating capacity of the reticuloendothelial system and not to the bactericidal factors of the serum. The level of sensitization and the manifestation of DH reaction have been found to be genetically determined and to govern the degree of activation of nonspecific immunity. PMID- 3901627 TI - [HBe antigen and its antibodies in HBsAg carriers in various regions of the USSR]. AB - A total of 300 blood serum samples, containing HBsAg and obtained from donors in three regions of the USSR (the RSFSR, the Uzbek SSR and the Moldavian SSR) differing in the level of HBsAg carriership, were studied for the presence of HBeAg and antibodies to this antigen in the passive hemagglutination (PHA) test and in the enzyme immunoassay (EIA). The occurrence of HBeAg was found to depend on the level of HBsAg carriership in the region. Thus, according to the EIA results, in Gorky, Kishinev and Tashkent HBeAg was detected, respectively, in 5.5%, 12.3% and 13.3% of serum samples, the level of HBsAg carriership in these cities being, according to the results of the PHA test, 1.4%, 5.0% and 9.0%. As shown by the results of EIA, the occurrence of HBeAg increased with the rise of the titer of HBsAg, while regarding the occurrence of antibodies to HBeAg the reverse relationship was observed. PMID- 3901629 TI - [Detection of surface immunoglobulins on peripheral lymphocytes in patients with infectious allergic bronchial asthma]. AB - During the examination of 45 patients with infectious allergic asthma and 21 healthy donors the relative number of B-lymphocytes, determined by direct immunofluorescence, was found to be normal in 88% of the patients. In 80% of the patients the relative number of lymphocytes, carrying surface immunoglobulins, exceeded the upper limit of the norm immediately after their isolation, which was due to the presence of exogenous immunoglobulins, partially dissociating from the cell surface after 1-hour incubation at 37 degrees C. The results obtained in this study are of importance in the evaluation of the function of the immune system. PMID- 3901630 TI - [Possible role of prostacyclin in the pathogenesis of cerebral circulatory disorders]. AB - It has been shown that patients with cerebral ischemias are characterized by a reduction in the capacity of prostacyclin to inhibit platelet aggregation and a decrease in the time of its plasma half-life. The role of these changes in the pathogenesis of cerebral circulation disturbances is discussed. It has been established that cases of the most pronounced decrease in the antiaggregation effect of prostacyclin with its minimum stability in the plasma are the least favourable with regard to the prognosis of cerebral infarction. It is suggested that disorders of the function of the prostacyclin system (regulation of the equilibrium between platelets and the vessel wall) may be latent, predetermining a high risk of the development of thrombotic disorders. PMID- 3901631 TI - [Hemosorption treatment of patients with atherosclerotic encephalopathy]. AB - A total of 140 patients with atherosclerotic encephalopathy were subjected to a multiple modality treatment. The efficiency of the treatment with (n-90) and without (n-50) hemosorption was compared. The results of the treatment were assessed by neurologic and neuropsychological examinations, spectral analysis of the EEG and the study of blood lipids. Hemosorption was found to be highly effective in the treatment of patients with atherosclerotic encephalopathy, which was expressed in the regression of clinical manifestations, a positive time course of the electrical activity of the brain and lipid metabolism indicators. PMID- 3901632 TI - [Establishment and growth of psychiatric services in Eastern Siberia during the pre-revolutionary period]. PMID- 3901633 TI - [Application of the technic of laser welding to creation of extra-intracranial microanastomoses]. AB - A method for joining vessels by means of argon laser, i. e. by "laser welding" was developed. It was proved in experiment that endothelium formation is more adequate in a vascular microsuture formed by laser welding than in the formed by the traditional thread method. Forty one operations for creating an extraintracranial microanastomosis were found by laser welding. The prospective clinical effect was positive in 36 patients. Control angiograms demonstrated good patency of the created microvascular anastomosis. PMID- 3901634 TI - [Stereotaxic destruction of the interstitial nucleus of Cajal on spastic torticollis]. AB - Intraoperative clinical effects and the results of destruction were demonstrated in 31 patients with various forms of torticollis spastica subjected to operation on the interstitial nucleus of Cajal. The intraoperative clinical complex of symptoms was formed of changes of the toxic and clonic activity of the neck muscles and transient oculomotor and vestibular signs. The favourable postoperative results are evidence of the direct relation of the nuclear structures in the region of the posterior commissure to the mechanisms regulating the posture of the head and neck. Their exclusion may be one of the components of surgical correction of motor abnormalities in patients with torticollis spastica. These operations are more effective in the tonic form of the disease and in prevalence of the rotatory component in the impaired posture of the head. PMID- 3901636 TI - [Personal experience in the surgical treatment of burns]. PMID- 3901635 TI - The foxglove 1785-1985. PMID- 3901637 TI - Determinants of early adult respiratory distress syndrome. A retrospective study of 220 patients with major fractures. AB - The records of 220 consecutive trauma patients admitted to intensive care in the period 1974 through 1982 were reviewed in an attempt to find determinants of early adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). All the patients were considered to be at risk of ARDS and had major fractures without concomitant severe injuries to brain, chest or abdomen. No patient died. ARDS developed in 27 patients (12.3%), on average in the second day post-trauma. The clinical determinants of post-traumatic ARDS were high fracture index, implying severe tissue trauma, and shock on admission. Fluid overload was not found to cause ARDS. Conventional signs of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) were not predictive or diagnostic of ARDS, but were related to the transfused amount of stored blood. Chest radiography was indicative of ARDS in 21 cases, but in six it was normal despite hypoxaemia. In the cases with radiographic signs of ARDS there was generally good chronologic correspondence with hypoxaemia. Ventilation with positive end-expiratory pressure may prevent the classic radiographic picture of ARDS with alveolar densities. PMID- 3901638 TI - Suture technique and early breaking strength of intestinal anastomoses and laparotomy wounds. AB - The influence of different suture techniques on early fascial and intestinal breaking strength was studied in rats subjected to either colonic anastomosis or median laparotomy only. Interrupted sutures were used throughout. The sutures were inserted either 3 mm or 1.5 mm from the wound edges. The breaking strength with the sutures in situ, i.e. the suture holding capacity, was measured either immediately or 48 hours after their insertion. The breaking strength of the sutured fascia, but not that of the colon, was higher when sutures were inserted at the longer distance from the wound edges. Postoperative decrease of suture holding capacity occurred in both colon and fascia, but only when the sutures had been placed near the incision. PMID- 3901639 TI - Ineffectiveness of vitamin A therapy in severe Crohn's disease. AB - In Crohn's disease there are changes in the ultrastructure of the intestinal epithelium, not only in the inflammatory tissue but also in non-ulcerated areas and in non-involved resection margins. Vitamin A is known to influence the metabolism and differentiation of epithelial tissue and has also been reported to normalize the number of stools after ileocaecal resection for Crohn's disease. We gave vitamin A (150 000 U daily) for 2 weeks to 8 patients with severe but not acute Crohn's disease. Various clinical parameters and the mucosal permeability to different-sized polyethyleneglycols were investigated before and after the administration of vitamin A. Disappointingly, no patient derived any benefit from the vitamin A ingestion as regards subjective manifestations, clinical signs, or mucosal permeability. However, some patients with Crohn's disease have low plasma concentrations of vitamin A and should be offered replacement therapy. PMID- 3901640 TI - Nonsurgical treatment of cholecystocholedocholithiasis. A case report. AB - We have devised nonsurgical cholecystolithotomy for the extremely ill or elderly patients. Nonsurgical treatment of cholecystocholedocholithotomy is possible by combining our nonsurgical cholecystolithotomy with endoscopic sphincterotomy. The procedure is very useful for extremely ill or elderly patents because it is safe and noninvasive. This report describes the nonsurgical treatment of cholecystocholedocholithiasis. PMID- 3901641 TI - Cytodiagnosis of oral pemphigus vulgaris. AB - A study was undertaken to verify the reliability of the Tzanck test, performed both by traditional cytomorphology and by a direct immunofluorescence technique, for the diagnosis of oral pemphigus vulgaris. Cytologic smears were obtained from oral erosions of 129 patients with various bullous diseases of the oral mucosa, clinically suspected of being oral pemphigus, as well as from 30 healthy subjects. The 40 cases with subsequent histologic proof of oral pemphigus were cytologically diagnosed as such, based on the significant cytomorphologic findings of acantholytic cells or on the pericellular deposition of IgG (which persisted after cytocentrifugation) in epithelial cells, as studied by direct immunofluorescence. Cytomorphology gave positive results in 37 patients with pemphigus and in one patient with a final diagnosis of herpetic stomatitis and gave negative results in all other cases. Immunocytology gave positive results in all patients with pemphigus and negative results in all other cases. The findings indicate that cytomorphologic studies may be useful in screening suspected cases of oral pemphigus vulgaris while the immunocytologic test may provide a reliable definitive diagnosis. PMID- 3901642 TI - Cellules grumelees: old terminology revisited. Regarding the cytologic diagnosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia and well-differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma in pleural effusions. AB - Distinguishing chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) or well-differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma (WDLL) from a benign chronic inflammatory process involving the serous cavities is often a difficult task for the cytopathologist faced with a lymphocyte-rich effusion fluid. Spriggs and Boddington decribed characteristic heavy chromatin clumping (cellules grumelees) of the lymphocytic nuclei in effusions as diagnostic of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. A study of 23 cases of lymphocyte-rich pleural effusions in our laboratory showed that, while this cytomorphologic feature is a function of cytopreparatory technique and fixation, it was observed only in cases of CLL or WDLL and not in benign inflammatory processes. PMID- 3901643 TI - Immunocytochemical diagnosis of lymphoma in serous effusions. AB - An immunoalkaline phosphatase technique was used to examine the lymphoid cells in serous effusions from five patients with malignant lymphoma. The results were interpreted along with the morphologic studies and retrospective assessments of the clinical conditions of the patients. Two patients had no involvement of the serous cavities, and two had proven involvement. The fifth patient was studied while his lymphoma was evolving from inapparent to disseminated disease. In the two patients without involvement of the serous cavities, the effusion lymphocytes were predominantly monoclonal T cells, comparable to those in six patients with diseases other than lymphoma. In those with involvement of the serous cavities, the effusion lymphocytes were predominantly monoclonal B cells. In the patient with lymphoma in evolution, immunocytochemical studies accurately reflected the progression of disease. We conclude that immunocytochemical studies of the lymphocytes in serous effusions help not only to differentiate reactive from neoplastic lymphoproliferation but also to assess the status of lymphomatous involvement of the serous cavities. The immunocytochemical studies are most effective when correlated with clinical and cytologic studies. PMID- 3901644 TI - Cytomorphologic differentiation of common acute lymphoblastic leukemia from other immunologic subtypes. Report of a case of peripheral relapse with cytochemical and immunochemical study. AB - Of the subtypes of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), the "common" subtype (c ALL) bears the best prognosis. Nevertheless, there has been no report of cytologic criteria that can distinguish c-ALL from the B-cell (B-ALL) and T-cell (T-ALL) subtypes. We present a case of c-ALL with relapse, with cytochemical and immunocytochemical as well as cytologic studies. Certain cytologic observations in this case could serve to differentiate c-ALL from B-ALL and T-ALL; the morphologic criteria suggested have been seen by us in other c-ALL cases. We think they will be useful in future fine needle aspiration studies in order to demonstrate extramedullary relapses as well as to differentiate ALL subtypes without the need of more costly immunologic studies. PMID- 3901645 TI - Cutaneous and systemic mastocytosis in adults. A clinical, histopathological and immunological evaluation in relation to histamine metabolism. AB - At the Department of Dermatology, Sahlgrenska sjukhuset, Goteborg, 58 patients with mastocytosis were investigated during the years 1979-1984. The purpose of this study was to examine the extent of the disease, the degree of mast cell infiltration in skin and bone marrow, to evaluate the most frequently used diagnostic methods, to study some immunological functions and genetic markers, to determine the histamine metabolism and to test a new drug which inhibits histidine decarboxylation. Besides a clinical examination, skin biopsies were taken from involved and uninvolved skin. The biopsies were fixed in 4% neutral formaldehyde or in an iso-osmotic mixture of 0.6% formaldehyde and 0.5% acetic acid (IFAA) and stained with toluidine blue 30 minutes or 5 days. The mast cell density in the formaldehyde fixed biopsies stained 5 days was significantly higher than the routine short stained biopsies. The same results were obtained with IFAA fixation and short toluidine stain. This might be caused by aldehyde blocking of dye-binding groups, which has been observed earlier in mucosal mast cells. Sternal aspirate and crista iliaca biopsies were done in order to examine the bone marrow. When comparing these two methods, the bone-marrow biopsy was found to be more reliable and sensitive when judging the mast cell increase. This resulted in more systemic mastocytosis patients being detected through crista biopsy than through sternal aspirate. Lesions with mast cells, eosinophils and lymphocytes were seen in the biopsies. These lesions may be an early sign of a systemic involvement of the disease. The urinary tele-methylimidazoleacetic acid (MeImAA) excretion was increased in most of the patients, and was found to correlate with the extent of the disease, both concerning organs involved and the mast cell numbers in the bone marrow. A lymphocyte stimulation with Concanavalin A (Con-A) and phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) showed a decreased mitogenic response, especially in the patients with the highest histamine turnover. Inhibition was also seen when histamine was added to mitogen stimulated lymphocytes from healthy controls, while only a minimal inhibition of the mitogen response was obtained by histamine metabolites. Even if histamine in vitro seems to affect the lymphocyte mitogenic response, and the lymphocyte stimulation in the patients was inhibited, this does not seem to have any obvious clinical relevance. HLA-typing was carried out on 50 patients but no phenotypic aberrations were detected. Lymphocytes from patients with HLA-B12 seemed to react with the same mitogenic inhibition as those from other patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3901646 TI - The effect of selected immunomodulating agents on experimental contact reactions. AB - A guinea pig experimental model which allows comparison of the macroscopic appearance of skin tests with the nature and degree of the dermal inflammatory cell infiltrate has been used to study the effects of cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, azathioprine and cyclosporin A on contact reactions. The immunomodulating capabilities of the agents tested are assessed by their effects on the allergic contact reaction to oxazolone, a cell-mediated delayed hypersensitivity reaction. Non-specific, anti-inflammatory actions are assessed by effects on the toxic contact reaction to croton oil. Changes are compared to findings in reference animals for each reaction. The reference materials and the uses and limitations of the experimental model are evaluated. When administered prior to sensitization, all agents enhanced the macroscopic appearance of the allergic contact reactions. Changes in the dermal cellular infiltrates were not pronounced. When administered prior to testing, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and azathioprine caused changes compared to controls which varied in direction and degree both macroscopically and microscopically. Cyclophosphamide which was the most active agent showed non-specific, anti-inflammatory effects and caused a peripheral blood leukopenia, the level and character of which was essentially independent of the dermal cellular infiltrate of tests. Cyclosporin A demonstrated no non-specific, anti-inflammatory activity on the toxic reaction, but had by far the most pronounced immunosuppressant effect of the agents tested, with virtual quenching of both the macroscopic appearance and all aspects of the dermal cellular infiltrates of the allergic contact reaction. PMID- 3901647 TI - Erythema chronicum migrans Afzelius and acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans. Early and late manifestations of Ixodes ricinus-borne Borrelia spirochetes. AB - In the present thesis consecutive patients, 231 with ECMA, 41 with ACA and 20 with facial palsy (Bell's palsy), have been studied. It has been shown that spirochetes, transmitted by the tick Ixodes ricinus, are involved in the etiology of ECMA and ACA. This has been shown through the isolation and cultivation of spirochetes from ticks and from the skin of patients with ECMA and ACA. The spirochetes have morphological characteristics similar to those of the genus Borrelia. No antigenic differences have been found between ECMA and ACA strains by the use of four different monoclonal antibodies against Borrelia burgdorferi. In serological studies, with the indirect IF test and with the ELISA, elevated antibody titers against these spirochetes were found in sera from patients with ECMA and ACA. Significantly increasing titers were found in sera from patients who developed extracutaneous complications and decreasing titers as a response to therapy. The serological tests are of good diagnostic help for patients with ACA and in many of the patients with ECMA-related extracutaneous complications, but in the present study only 15-28% of the patients with uncomplicated ECMA were seropositive. The study has shown that a tick bite and/or an untreated ECMA may be followed by symptoms from the nervous system (facial palsy, meningoradiculitis), the joints and from the heart as well. It has also been shown that ACA may sometimes be preceded by an untreated ECMA and that manifestations from the nervous system and/or the joints may precede or accompany ACA. There may be a long period of latency (several years) between a spontaneously healing ECMA and the development of ACA lesions. In ACA patients with abnormalities of joints or bones the concordance in site of the cutaneous involvement and changes in the underlying joints or bones may in these cases be consistent with a progressive localized spirochetal infection. Lichen sclerosus et atrophicus-like lesions found in patients with ACA indicate that a Borrelia infection may result in lichen sclerosus et atrophicus-like reactions. The recognition of ACA may be difficult and a combination of clinical, histopathological and serological findings may be necessary to secure the diagnosis. Clinical differences between ECMA-related disorders in Sweden an Lyme disease in the United States have been found and there may also be antigenic differences between the spirochetes involved.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3901648 TI - Twin studies in craniofacial genetics: a review. AB - A review of the literature on twin studies in craniofacial genetics is presented. The following areas are particularly dealt with: tooth form and size, tooth formation and eruption, dental arch and occlusion, facial form and size, and cleft lip and palate. PMID- 3901649 TI - A modified silver method for demonstrating developing nervous tissue in culture. AB - Dissociated explants of 8-day-old embryonic chick cerebrum were cultured for up to 18 days. By the beginning of the 2nd week and thereafter, primary cultures of neurons exhibited characteristic differentiated morphology with an interconnecting neurofibrillary network that became increasingly ramified. Neurons in bipolar, tripolar or multipolar form could be demonstrated positively using a short modified silver impregnation method with potassium ferrocyanide. PMID- 3901650 TI - Effects of bromocriptine on parkinsonism. A nation-wide collaborative double blind study. AB - The effects of bromocriptine in patients with Parkinson's disease manifesting various problems in levodopa therapy were tested in a double-blind manner with the collaboration of 59 institutions. The slow and low principle was in part adopted. Either bromocriptine or placebo was added to levodopa. Twenty-nine % of the bromocriptine-treated patients (n = 108), in contrast to 14.8% of the placebo treated (n = 108), showed either marked or moderate improvement (P less than 0.05). Twenty to 37% improvement was noted in most of the symptoms studied in those treated with bromocriptine. The significant superiority of bromocriptine was also noted in the effects on wearing-off phenomena and frozen gait. No irreversible side effects were noted. It is concluded that bromocriptine is useful in patients who are manifesting various difficulties in levodopa therapy. Our results are comparable to those using higher maintenance doses. Dopamine antagonistic actions were not observed. This is unlike the case with experimental animals. PMID- 3901651 TI - Non-invasive detection of carotid bifurcation disease by continuous-wave Doppler with spectral analysis. AB - The diagnostic accuracy of 5 MHz continuous-wave (C-W) Doppler with spectral analysis for detecting carotid bifurcation disease was evaluated. In a first phase of the study, normal confidence intervals for peak frequency data and spectrum width were established and Doppler spectrum abnormalities were separated into three types (spectral broadening with preserved window, spectral broadening without window, sequence of abnormalities including inverted Doppler spectrum). In a second phase the diagnostic accuracy of these variables was tested on 86 carotid arteries as independently compared with angiography. Whereas both peak frequency data and spectrum distribution findings were invariably abnormal in stenoses greater than or equal to 60%, spectrum distribution findings were more accurate in 30-59% stenosis. Using spectrum distribution criteria, sensitivity and specificity for stenosis greater than or equal to 30% were 94.6% and 90.7% respectively. All variables were insensitive for stenoses less than 30% lumen diameter reduction. PMID- 3901652 TI - Axonal degeneration distal to the site of accumulation of vesicular profiles in the myelinated fiber axon in experimental isoniazid neuropathy. AB - Morphometric sequential studies of pathologic changes were carried out on myelinated fibers in the lumbar ventral root of Sprague-Dawley rats administered with isoniazid, 1,500 mg/kg body weight, in a single dose. Accumulation of axoplasmic organelles with secondary paranodal retraction of myelin sheath occurred in the middle part of the ventral root as early as day 2 after the administration. On day 3, axonal degeneration started to occur, distal to the middle part, where the accumulation of axoplasmic organelles is prominent. Such accumulation with the possible blockade of the fast axoplasmic transport in the proximal axon may be directly responsible for the distal axonal degeneration. Alternatively such accumulation may be secondary to the distal axonal degeneration. The morphological sequential findings described clearly reflects the pathological events in isoniazid neuropathy. PMID- 3901653 TI - Parabiotic twin syndrome with topical isocortical disruption and gastroschisis. AB - A case of parabiotic twin pregnancy is described with early fetal co-twin loss and topical isocortical disruption and gastroschisis in the surviving twin. We conclude from this case that early fetal parabiotic twin syndrome (before 16 weeks of gestational age) may cause microgyria and neuronal heterotopia. The cerebral and extracranial findings can be explained as the result of multiple vascular obstructions. Whereas most cases of parabiotic twin syndrome with brain damage involve cystic necrosis, focal hypoplasia with disrupted development in the affected part has been found in the present case. The probable reason in discussed. The roentgenographic analysis of the dead twin fetus is consistent with the period of 13-16 weeks as the likely period in which microgyria and neuronal heterotopia originated in the surviving twin. The present case constitutes one of the rare instances in which neuronal migration disturbance in the human could be dated reliably. PMID- 3901655 TI - Marginal adaptation of resin veneers to gold castings. AB - The magnitude of the fissures between resin facing materials and gold castings was measured by light microscopy. Two different products and two different processing procedures were used. The effect of water sorption on the fissure size was also studied. Mean fissure sizes varied between 3 and 25 microns. The best adaptation between the resin material and the gold alloy was obtained by the conventional closed flasking technique compared with free processing in a pressure vessel. When processed by closed flasking the product that did not contain microfiller showed fissure widths approximately one fourth of those resulting from the open processing technique. The other product, containing microfiller, was less sensitive with regard to processing. The effect of water sorption on the fissure width was most evident in the test groups containing specimens processed in flask. PMID- 3901654 TI - The mouse blood-brain barrier and blood-nerve barrier for IgG: a tracer study by use of the avidin-biotin system. AB - To study the permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the blood-nerve barrier (BNB) for immunoglobulin G (IgG) we adapted the avidin-biotin system for postembedding demonstration of the tracer IgG in the central and peripheral nervous system (CNS, PNS). Normal mouse and human IgG were biotinylated and injected daily into the intraperitoneal (i.p.) space of adult BDF1 mice. After 24h, IgG was detected in blood vessels and in the interstitium of various organs, but staining was restricted to the dura mater in the CNS, to the spinal ganglia, and to the perineurium of peripheral nerves. After 4 days, IgG was also present in the endoneurial connective tissue of peripheral nerves, while the brain, spinal cord, and spinal roots remained free of IgG. Our results show a partial permeability of the normal mouse BNB for homologous and heterologous IgG. PMID- 3901656 TI - Moraxella lacunata isolated from epidemic conjunctivitis among teen-aged females. AB - An epidemic follicular conjunctivitis affecting teen-aged females has been studied. Moraxella lacunata was isolated from 11% of the patients, a frequency far above the rate found in other types of chronic conjunctivitis. The condition is suggested to be the chronic follicular conjunctivitis (Axenfeld) due to Moraxella lacunata. PMID- 3901657 TI - [History and philosophy of endoprostheses]. PMID- 3901658 TI - Tissue preparation for high-resolution study of the interface between bone cement and bone. PMID- 3901659 TI - [Adult-type rhabdomyoma of the pharyngo-laryngeal region: report of a clinical case and immunohistochemical study]. PMID- 3901660 TI - Evaluation of an oral rehydration solution with Na+ 60 mmol/l in infants hospitalized for acute diarrhoea or treated as outpatients. AB - An oral rehydration solution (ORS) containing 60 mmol/l of Na+ (ORS60) was compared in a randomized trial with the ORS of WHO formula (Na+ 90 mmol/l = ORS90) for the treatment of diarrhoeal dehydration in 66 hospitalized infants aged 3 to 34 months. The infants had a 5 +/- 3% dehydration, and received within 6-10 hours 76 +/- 32 ml/kg of ORS60 or 74 +/- 41 ml/kg of ORS90 corresponding to a sodium input of 4.6 +/- 1.9 mmol/kg and 6.6 +/- 3.7 mmol/kg, respectively. Both treatments were found adequate and equally effective for the correction of dehydration and sodium deficit. The same ORS60 was also compared to a commercial low sodium glucose-electrolyte solution (sodium 35 mmol/l, glucose 3.5 milligrams) for ambulatory treatment of acute diarrhoea in infants. Satisfactory rehydration was achieved within 6 hours in 19 of 23 infants receiving ORS60 as opposed to 6 of 18 infants receiving the commercial solution (p less than 0.001); the poor result with the latter was in most cases attributed to a refusal by the infant to consume the sweetish solution. It is concluded that ORS60 is suitable for the treatment of isotonic diarrhoeal dehydration in hospitalized children as well as outpatients. PMID- 3901661 TI - A comparative trial of cholestyramine and loperamide for acute diarrhoea in infants treated as outpatients. AB - Infants aged 4 to 36 months with acute diarrhoea (rotavirus 66%) were treated as outpatients with oral fluids and a rapid return to full feedings. In addition, the infants were randomized to receive for 3 days either cholestyramine 2 g twice daily (N = 10), an equivalent placebo 2 g twice daily (N = 15), or loperamide 0.10 mg/kg divided in three doses (N = 16). The duration of watery diarrhoea from the beginning of treatment was 0.9 +/- 1.0 days in the cholestyramine group, 2.5 +/- 1.3 days in the loperamide group, and 3.3 +/- 1.6 days in the placebo group (p less than 0.001 cholestyramine vs. placebo, p less than 0.005 cholestyramine vs. loperamide). The infants receiving cholestyramine also had a better weight gain than those receiving the placebo, and their metabolic acidosis was corrected sooner. There was no hyperchloraemia associated with the cholestyramine treatment. It is concluded that cholestyramine 2 g twice daily for 3 days can be safely used to shorten the course of acute diarrhoea. The use of loperamide in acute infantile diarrhoea does not appear justified. PMID- 3901662 TI - Changes in the incidence and spectrum of neonatal septicemia during a fifteen year period. AB - Over a period of 15 years the incidence of neonatal septicemia seen at St Goran's Children's Hospital has increased both per 1000 births and per 100 admitted neonates. The spectrum of causative organisms has changed towards more Gram positive organisms and fewer Gram-negative organisms. In the initial antibiotic treatment an aminoglycoside and ampicillin derivate will still be needed to give full coverage. PMID- 3901663 TI - Acetylsalicylic acid and juvenile rheumatoid Arthritis. Effect of dosage interval on the serum salicylic acid level. AB - A 2-dose regimen and a 3-dose regimen, both with the same daily dose of acetylsalicylic acid, were compared in 8 patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. The regimens were given according to a cross-over design. The serum salicylic acid levels over 24 hours were studied at the end of each treatment period. As expected somewhat greater fluctuations in the salicylic acid levels were observed with the 2-dose than with the 3-dose regimen. However, therapeutically effective serum levels were observed for most of the 24 hour period with both regimens. It is suggested that a 2-dose regimen has advantage with regard to simplicity and compliance. The pharmacokinetic findings indicate that a 2-dose regimen may be useful in patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 3901664 TI - The probability of overlooking prostatic cancer in transurethrally resected material when different embedding practices are followed. AB - When all transurethrally resected material of 53 subsequent patients was microscopically examined, primary adenocarcinoma of the prostate was found in 18 patients and benign disease in 35. Only 9 of the patients with histologically confirmed malignancy of the prostate were clinically diagnosed. The proportion of prostatic chips that contained malignant tissue ranged from 1-96%. A mathematical analysis evaluating the probability of including a carcinoma when different numbers of blocks were processes was performed. The analysis showed that when the patient has a clinically malignant diagnosis the probability of 100% is reached by the processing of one block. If the patient has a clinically benign diagnosis, however, the probability of 98% is first reached by the processing of 8 blocks, if such an amount of material is available. PMID- 3901665 TI - The spreading of human normal glial and malignant glioma cells in culture. Studies on standard culture conditions. AB - Using three lines of human normal glial cells and four established lines of human malignant glioma cells we have studied cell spreading following seeding onto glass and plastic substrata. The cells were detached with EDTA and trypsin, suspended in EMEM with 10% calf serum and studied with time-lapse, phase-contrast cinematography in suspension and during attachment and spreading. Cells were fixed and prepared for light microscopy while in suspension and during the spreading process. They were also prepared for scanning and transmission electron microscopy at different times during spreading. The projected areas of stained cells, in suspension and at different stages of spreading, were measured morphometrically and the results compared statistically. The glial cells in suspension were often found to retain somewhat their shape from the previous monolayer. They spread radially outwards with even lamellar cytoplasm and peripheral ruffling, as a group more quickly than the malignant glioma cells. They also became polarized and started to translocate in a shorter time. The glioma cells were spherical in suspension and characterized by pronounced blebbing of the cell surface. Blebbing continued during spreading and was finally replaced by ruffling at the edge. The cells spread like the glial cells radially outwards but the lamellar cytoplasm was occasionally somewhat irregular. Cells from the glioma lines spread as groups slower than the glial cells but with individual rates for the different lines. One of the glioma lines appeared to spread more thinly than the glial cells. Cells which sedimented on top of other cells could not spread. Aggregations of cells spread and became polarized more quickly than single cells in all cases. PMID- 3901666 TI - A comparison of a conventional and a radio-metric examination of clinical blood cultures with respect to recovery rate and detection time of microorganisms. AB - The results from a comparative investigation of two different blood culture systems with respect to the recovery rate and the detection time are presented. Patients from whom enough blood volume could be drawn to fill two or more Venoject tubes, were consecutively included in the study. The blood was equally divided between our conventional system (4 tubes of nutrient broth, 4 tubes of semisolid nutrient agar and 4 tubes of semisolid thioglycollate agar) and a radiometric system, Bactec (one aerobic and one anaerobic vial). From a total of 1252 blood cultures, one or both systems detected 170 positive cultures (13.6%) from 140 patients. Of a total of 127 positive blood cultures representing bacteremia, the dominating species were Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, accounting for 31 and 27% respectively. The radiometric system detected 95% and the conventional system 82% of all clinically relevant isolates (p less than 0.001). Especially E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were detected more frequently in the radiometric system. The radiometric system had a shorter average detection time than the conventional system (1.0 versus 1.7 days). This may have therapeutical and prognostical consequences for patients with bacteremia. One fourth of all positive blood cultures was due to contamination. The majority of the contaminants, mainly coagulase negative staphylococci, were found in the radiometric system, as were false positive cultures. This comparative study demonstrated positive and negative sides of both systems tested. PMID- 3901667 TI - Determination of interpretive breakpoints for ceftazidime disc-diffusion susceptibility testing using single-strain regression analysis. AB - Interpretive breakpoints for ceftazidime disc-diffusion susceptibility testing were determined using single-strain regression analysis (SRA). Regression lines were determined for a total of 58 strains representing 15 species, from inhibition zone diameters obtained for discs containing six different ceftazidime concentrations. Statistical analysis for excluding non-linearity of test-results was performed. A minimum of five tests on consecutive days was required for maximal precision of regression analysis according to the SRA-method. Calculated regression lines showed similarities within individual and groups of bacterial species. A minimum of five strains could be used to represent these groups. Interpretive breakpoints according to recommended MIC-limits were determined for each species taking into consideration confidence limits for zone correlates of MIC-values. Single-strain regression analysis for the determination of interpretive breakpoints for ceftazidime disc-diffusion susceptibility testing in individual laboratories. PMID- 3901668 TI - Demonstration of streptococcal antigens produced in vivo and identification of a nephritis associated protein. AB - An experimental infectious model in rabbits was used to study the release of bacterial substances in vivo in relation to the development of renal lesions, using three different group A Streptococci (type M56, M12 and T3). Three weeks post infection, renal lesions were confirmed in animals infected with M56 and M12, but not T3 streptococci, by histological and immunohistological analyses of the kidneys. Tissue-cage fluid (TCF) from the potentially nephritogenic strains (M56 and M12) showed a time-related increase of proteins and a production of streptococcal antibodies in serum. Isoelectrofocusing of TCF from nephritogenic and non-nephritogenic strains showed the presence of "nephritogenic-strain specific" proteins in the most cationic region as well as in pH region 5.8-6.4. Immunoblotting after SDS-PAGE of TCF revealed a nephritogenic-strain-restricted protein that, by means of a mouse-monoclonal antibody, identified with the NSAP (Nephritic-Strain-Associated Protein). The biological activity demonstrated in the focus of infection using the M56 and M12 strains thus seems to be related in time to the induction of the nephritic process. PMID- 3901669 TI - The effect of a converting enzyme inhibitor on autoregulation and intrarenal distribution of glomerular filtration in the rat. AB - The role of the renin-angiotensin system in the autoregulation and distribution of the single nephron glomerular filtration rate (SNGFR) in anaesthetized, normotensive rats was investigated. SNGFR in outer cortical (OC) and inner cortical (IC) nephrons of the left kidney were measured with a modified Hanssen technique at three levels of renal arterial pressure (RAP): at a spontaneous arterial pressure; at a value within the autoregulatory limit, 100 mmHg; and at the lower limit of the autoregulatory range, 70 mmHg. This was done in control rats and in rats given a continuous i.v. infusion of the converting enzyme inhibitor (CEI) captopril (3 mg . h-1 X kg-1 BW). In control rats there was complete autoregulation of SNGFR in both OC and IC nephrons when RAP was reduced to 100 mmHg. Further reduction to 70 mmHg elicited different responses among the cortical layers, associated with a decrease in SNGFR. A fractional redistribution of glomerular filtration rate towards IC nephrons was evident. Administration of CEI at spontaneous RAP increased SNGFR in IC nephrons compared with values in control rats, but did not notably alter SNGFR in OC nephrons. Reduction of RAP to 100 mmHg during CEI infusion caused SNGFR to decrease below control values in both OC and IC nephrons, and the autoregulation as found in control rats was impaired. When RAP was lowered to 70 mmHg during CEI administration there was a progressive decrease in SNGFR in all cortical layers, although absolute changes were much greater in IC nephrons than in OC nephrons.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3901670 TI - Afferent vagal control of fluid absorption in the feline jejunum. AB - The aim of the study was to test experimentally whether vagal afferent pathways are involved in the reflex regulation of jejunal fluid absorption. Acute bilateral cervical vagotomy led to an increase in net jejunal fluid absorption rate, an effect which was abolished by previous division of the splanchnic nerves. Selective division of the right cardiac branch of the vagal nerve induced an increase in fluid absorption similar to that elicited by truncal cervical vagotomy. Afferent stimulation of the right cardiac nerve at frequencies within the physiological firing range for unmyelinated C-fibre afferents induced an inhibition of net fluid absorption. Based on these findings, we propose a reflex pathway containing a non-myelinated vagal afferent branch originating from cardiopulmonary receptor endings, and an efferent sympathetic branch reaching the jejunum via the splanchnic nerves. Such a pathway might be of physiological importance in extracellular volume control by regulating the rate of fluid transport across the intestinal mucosa. PMID- 3901671 TI - From clomipramine to mianserin: therapeutic relevance of interactions with serotonin uptake and storage, as studied in the blood platelet model. AB - Inhibition of active serotonin uptake into neurones and platelets is a common effect of tricyclic and related antidepressants, and has been regarded as one of the more important mechanisms of action of such drugs. However, as is shown in this survey, the antidepressants vary widely in their potency as inhibitors of platelet serotonin uptake, and they also differ in the type of inhibition kinetics, from purely competitive to mixed competitive/noncompetitive. The therapeutic relevance of this effect is discussed. Serotonin uptake inhibition seems to be one of several mechanisms for obtaining the required normalization of monoamine dysfunction in depression. Analysis of efflux from platelets preloaded with a moderate amount of 14C-serotonin provides information on the storage and compartmentation of serotonin in the platelets, and on the rate of efflux from the different compartments. When present during the preloading phase, some antidepressants seem to produce a relative increase in serotonin in the granular storage compartment when compared to the smaller cytoplasmic compartment. This effect is in some respects opposite to that exerted by reserpine, and possibly may be pharmacologically relevant. PMID- 3901672 TI - Headache and noradrenergic involvement: the effects of alpha 2-stimulants and alpha 2-antagonists. AB - The efficacies of an 2-agonist clonidine and an 2-antagonist mianserin were compared in two treatment groups, common migraine and tension headache sufferers. Forty patients entered this double-blind placebo-controlled study. Placebo, clonidine 0.150 mg, and mianserin 30 mg were each administered for 90 day periods. Headaches were induced by intravenous doses of histamine dihydrochloride. The histamine threshold in the common migraine group was significantly lower than in the tension headache group. In the common migraine group, mianserin decreased headache frequency. In the tension headache group, at 90 days mianserin significantly decreased headache intensity and headache frequency. Clonidine significantly decreased headache intensity at 90 days in the common migraine group. At 90 days, mianserin had significantly reduced the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) mean total score, (in the tension headache group), HDRS mean anxiety cluster scores (in both groups), and the HDRS mean depression cluster score (in the tension headache group). At 90 days, clonidine had significantly reduced the HDRS mean total score (in the tension headache group) and HDRS mean anxiety cluster scores (in both groups). PMID- 3901673 TI - Antidepressant therapy: benefits and risks in perspective. AB - The introduction of second generation antidepressants, such as mianserin and nomifensine, was prompted by the desire to produce drugs which were safer, had fewer side-effects and were faster acting than the tricyclics. A brief review of the data on mianserin and nomifensine is presented in relation to these aims. Some advantages for the new drugs can be claimed and the risks of severe adverse effects relating to blood dyscrasias in the case of mianserin, and fever in the case of nomifensine, appear outweighed by the therapeutic gains. PMID- 3901674 TI - Treatment of depression in cancer patients. AB - One hundred and fifty-two women undergoing mastectomy were randomly assigned to routine care or routine care plus monitoring by a specialist nurse. The nurse detected and referred 76% of her patients for psychiatric help. Only 15% of the routine care subjects that warranted help were referred. Twelve to eighteen months after surgery, morbid anxiety and depression were less common in the monitored (5% and 5%) than in the control (30% and 50%) group. This difference appeared to be due primarily to psychiatric treatment which included antidepressant medication, anxiolytic drugs, and supportive psychotherapy. Few affective disorders remitted without such treatment. In a further study, the effects of antidepressant medication plus cognitive therapy and cognitive therapy alone were compared. Both treatments alleviated depression in the short term but the improvement was sustained in the long term only in those given combined treatment. PMID- 3901675 TI - Efficacy and safety of mianserin in the treatment of depression of women with cancer. AB - Depression is a major complication of cancer. The efficacy and safety of mianserin were evaluated in a randomized placebo-controlled trial of 73 depressed women with cancer. According to RDC diagnosis, all patients showed situational major depression. Both groups were well matched for cancer localization, clinical stages, Karnofsky scores, duration of depression, baseline values on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (ZSRDS), and Clinical Global Impression of Illness Severity (CGI-S), and for type of depression, whether dominantly depressive or depressive-anxious. Between days 7 21, there were significantly fewer dropouts with mianserin (7) than with placebo (15). When compared with placebo, there were significant improvements for mianserin for HDRS on days 7, 21 and 28, for ZSRDS on days 7 and 28, and for CGI S on days 7, 14, 21 and 28. According to Clinical Global Impression of Illness Improvement (CGI-I) there were significantly more responders with mianserin (28) than with placebo (18). The efficacy index for mianserin was significantly greater than for placebo on days 21 and 28. At the end of the trial the scores for HDRS sleep disturbance factor and HDRS anxiety-somatization factor were significantly reduced for mianserin than for placebo. There were no significant differences in side-effects between treatment groups. It is concluded that mianserin is superior to placebo in reducing the severity and duration of depression which is present especially in patients with advanced cancer.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3901676 TI - Mianserin in the prophylaxis of migraine: a double-blind study. AB - Evidence is reviewed indicating that instability in central nervous system handling of 5-hydroxytryptamine may be of primary importance in the pathogenesis of migraine, and that the observed diminution of platelet content and uptake of 5 hydroxytryptamine related to an attack may merely be a reflection of this. The rationale is discussed for selecting mianserin as a potentially effective migraine prophylactic based on: (i) its ability to restore to normal platelet 5 hydroxytryptamine uptake when this is decreased in depression; (ii) its effect on the central nervous system; and particularly (iii) its antiserotonergic activity. A double-blind control trial of mianserin versus placebo in the prophylaxis of migraine is described. There was a significant fall in both frequency and severity of migraine attacks when compared with baseline values in mianserin treated patients but not in placebo-treated patients. There was no accompanying change on the Beck Depression Inventory. It is concluded that mianserin is an effective migraine prophylactic in some patients. There is no evidence indicating which pharmacological property of mianserin is responsible for this effect. PMID- 3901677 TI - Increased detectability of liver metastases by the use of contrast enhancement in computed tomography. A comparison between the precontrast, the immediate postcontrast and the one hour postcontrast scan. AB - The precontrast, immediate postcontrast and the one hour postcontrast CT scans were analysed in search for liver metastases in 75 patients with malignant disease. The use of high dose intravenous contrast medium (42 g I) increased the number of hepatic metastases detected. The one hour postcontrast scan revealed a few more lesions than the immediate postcontrast scan. Further investigations on this subject are necessary before any definite conclusions can be made as our series of patients is small. In routine CT the most practical procedure in search for liver metastases is: 1) Scanning of the liver without contrast medium. 2) Incremental dynamic scanning during and immediately following injection of contrast medium. 3) If there is still uncertainty: Scanning at a later time, for example at one hour after injection of contrast medium. PMID- 3901678 TI - Cystic intramuscular myxoma. Report of a case. AB - CT and ultrasound examination of a soft tissue mass in a 43-year-old woman revealed a large, cystic lesion. At surgery, a myxoma was found deep to a large cyst. Although myxomas have been reported frequently to contain one to 5 mm cysts, none has previously been reported associated with a large cyst that concealed the solid tumor. Large intramuscular cysts are rare; a cystic appearance on CT or ultrasound examination of an intramuscular mass should suggest a possible underlying solid lesion. PMID- 3901679 TI - Ultrasonography of the undescended testis. AB - Sixty prospective sonographic preoperative examinations were performed on 57 boys, 3 to 12 years of age (mean 6 2/3), in order to investigate the accuracy of the method for localizing undescended or non-palpable testes in the anteperitoneal region, i.e. the inguinal canal. Sonographic results agreed with the findings at surgical exploration in 53 (88%) of the 60 examinations performed which was regarded as a satisfactory result. The method is convenient and valuable for the planning of surgery. Sonograms of patients earlier operated upon were difficult to interpret and accounted for some misinterpretations as did examinations in some patients with divergent anatomy. PMID- 3901680 TI - Hormonal regulation of ornithine decarboxylase and polyamines in primary cultured rat hepatocytes--differences in hormonal response between adult and fetal hepatocytes. AB - Polyamines are polycationic substances which are widely distributed in living organisms and have a close relation to rapid growth phenomena. We examined ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), which is the rate limiting enzyme of polyamine biosynthesis, and polyamine induction in primary cultured rat hepatocytes by various hormones which increase during pregnancy, and revealed differences in hormonal responses between adult and fetal rat hepatocytes. Thirteen hormones, including estrone, estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), cortisol, dexamethasone, insulin, glucagon, epinephrine and epidermal growth factor (EGF), were tested. Among these hormones, only insulin, dexamethasone and EGF induced ODC activity and polyamine biosynthesis, especially that of putrescine, in both adult and fetal hepatocytes. The effects of EGF were the most significant. The combined effect of insulin and dexamethasone was additive, while that of insulin and EGF was synergistic. The rate of ODC induction was higher in adult hepatocytes than in fetal hepatocytes, however, the reaction was earlier in fetal hepatocytes. These observations suggest that ODC and polyamines in the fetal stage of development are regulated by a mechanism different from that in the adult liver. PMID- 3901681 TI - Hypoglycemia and low S-T3--an experimental study. AB - Ethanol-induced hypoglycemia after 44 hours of complete fasting was allowed to last for four hours. S-T3 decreased significantly (p less than 0.05), by 16.5%, S rT3 remained unchanged and S-cortisol increased significantly (p less than 0.01). No correlation was found between S-T3 and S-cortisol. An association was found between S-T3 and blood glucose (p less than 0.05). An acute low S-T3 was achieved by depressing the peripheral availability and utilization of glucose. No association to a simultaneous increase in S-cortisol was found. An increase in S rT3 failed to appear, probably also due to glucopenia. PMID- 3901682 TI - Comparison of ecology, ageing and state of health in Japan and Sweden, the present and previous leaders in longevity. PMID- 3901683 TI - Prophylactic furosemide treatment in acute myocardial infarction. AB - Prophylactic diuretic therapy in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) was evaluated in 83 consecutive patients without severe left ventricular failure (LVF) on admission. A high dose group (HDG) received 120-160 mg and a low dose group (LDG) 20-40 mg furosemide daily for six weeks. Mortality and reinfarction rates did not differ between the groups. One HDG patient and five LDG patients developed severe LVF. Four HDG patients developed severe dehydration. Serum enzyme activities and electrolytes were similar in both groups. The increased diuresis in the HDG was accompanied by a 4% hemoconcentration, smaller radiological heart volumes, higher heart rates, a higher demand for nitroglycerin and higher ratings of thirst. Exercise tests yielded similar results in both groups. Later blood volumes and transthoracic electrical impedance were similar in both groups. It is concluded that liberal prophylactic furosemide treatment in AMI offers no major clinical advantage. PMID- 3901684 TI - [A new method of treating lymphatic complications in renal transplants: intracavitary instillations of povidone-iodide]. PMID- 3901685 TI - [Uretero-vesical stenosis following kidney transplant-satisfactorily solved by an endo-urologic approach]. PMID- 3901686 TI - Stromal cell populations in the developing thymus of normal and nude mice. PMID- 3901687 TI - Heterogeneity of human thymus epithelial cells revealed by monoclonal anti epithelial cell antibodies. PMID- 3901688 TI - Induction of class I and class II antigens during rejection of allografted human hearts. PMID- 3901689 TI - The influence of complement receptors on the localization of lymphocytes in vivo. PMID- 3901690 TI - Double immunoenzymatic staining employing rat and mouse monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 3901691 TI - Monoclonal antibodies as therapeutic tools in vivo. PMID- 3901692 TI - Monoclonal antibodies to rat B lymphocyte (sub-)populations. PMID- 3901693 TI - Elimination of graft versus host disease in matched allogeneic leukemic transplant recipients using CAMPATH-1. PMID- 3901694 TI - Rat monoclonal antibodies for bone marrow transplantation--the CAMPATH series. PMID- 3901695 TI - Changes of lymphoid microenvironments in human diseases--a short review. PMID- 3901696 TI - B cell function in acute malaria. PMID- 3901697 TI - Isolation of germinal centre (GC) cells is greatly improved by using the protease dispase to prepare cell suspensions. PMID- 3901698 TI - A brief review of cognitive-behavioural treatments in old age. AB - Recent studies using a cognitive-behavioural approach to the treatment of functional problems presented by the elderly, particularly those likely to be referred as out-patients, are discussed. It is argued that there is some evidence to suggest that a number of methods may help to reduce certain psychological problems in the elderly, although treatment modifications may sometimes be required for this age group. PMID- 3901699 TI - Late infection of joint prostheses. AB - Late infection of an orthopaedic prosthesis can cause serious illness in elderly patients. Four cases are described to show the importance of recognizing this condition. PMID- 3901700 TI - Free lung cell phagocytosis and lysosomal enzyme activity after inhalation of lipopolysaccharide in guinea-pigs. AB - Free lung cells were studied in guinea-pigs different times after an inhalation exposure to bacterial endotoxin yielding a dose of about 1 microgram/animal. After exposure the number of alveolar macrophages (AM) and neutrophils was increased. The phagocytosis capacity of the lung was increased, mainly due to the influx of neutrophils. The activity of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase from exposed animals was decreased in AM cell cultures and increased in lavage fluid 2 hours and later after exposure. Cathepsin D activity was also decreased in AM cell cultures but did not change in lavage fluid. Lactate dehydrogenase was increased in lung lavage fluid. The results show that LPS inhalation activates AM and that increased amounts of lysosomal enzymes are present in the airways. PMID- 3901701 TI - [A case of prostatic malignant lymphoma]. AB - A 65-year-old man was admitted for dysuria. He had been irradiated 60Co for malignant lymphoma of tonsils 2 years earlier. The findings of palpation of prostate, retrograde urethrogram and urethroscopy strongly suggested benign prostatic hypertrophy. Retropubic prostatectomy was performed and 18 g of "adenoma" was resected. By histological observation, the "adenoma" proved to be malignant lymphoma. This tumor belonged to follicular lymphoma, medium-sized cell type of LSG non-Hodgkin's lymphoma classification. After the operation, he left our hospital for a personal reason and received systemic chemotherapy at another hospital. PMID- 3901702 TI - [Prostatic tissue levels of ceftizoxime]. AB - The concentration of Ceftizoxime (CZX) was determined in the prostatic tissue and serum of 130 patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy. Two grams of CZX was given by intravenous injection prior to TUR. The mean value of CZX levels in prostatic tissue and prostatic level/serum levels ratio (p/s ratio) after administration were 47.2 +/- 2.8 micrograms/g, 49.1% at 30 minutes, 33.3 +/- 2.2 micrograms/g, 51.4% at one hour, 22.2 +/- 2.7 micrograms/g, 60.8% at 2 hours, 13.6 +/- 3.9 micrograms/g, 64.2% at 4 hours, 3.04 +/- 0.54 micrograms/g, 74.5% at 8 hours, respectively. In conclusion, the concentration of CZX in the prostatic tissues attained the minimal inhibitory concentration of 80% for the gram negative bacteria, the excluding P. aeruginosa. Thus clinical effectiveness of CZX could be expected on bacterial prostatitis and bacterial infection after prostatic operations. PMID- 3901704 TI - Intraoperative sonography of perisplenic pseudocysts. AB - Three patients with pseudocysts of the pancreas affecting the spleen were examined with intraoperative sonography, which demarcated the fluid collections either within the pancreas (two cases), in the splenic hilum (one case), encapsulating the spleen (one case), or along the lateral aspect of the spleen (one case). This method was useful in defining the location of the cysts, distinguishing one from another, determining the relation of the cyst to adjacent organs, and assessing the adequacy of the surgical drainage. PMID- 3901703 TI - Sonographic measurement of gallbladder volume. AB - Sonographic images of the gallbladder enable satisfactory approximation of gallbladder volume using the sum-of-cylinders method. The sum-of-cylinder measurements, however, are moderately cumbersome and time consuming to perform. In this investigation, in vitro and in vivo testing was done to determine that a simple ellipsoid method applied to sonographic gallbladder images yields reasonable volume approximations that are comparable to the volumes calculated by the sum-of-cylinders method. Findings from a water-bath experiment showed that measurement of gallbladder volume by the ellipsoid method closely approximated the true volume with a mean difference of about 1.0 ml. The results of in vivo studies in five volunteers demonstrated that the gallbladder contracted substantially after a fatty meal and that volumes calculated by the ellipsoid and sum-of-cylinders methods were nearly identical. Thus, a simple ellipsoid method, requiring negligible time, may be used to approximate satisfactory gallbladder volume for clinical or investigative studies. PMID- 3901705 TI - Percutaneous drainage of postoperative abdominal and pelvic lymphoceles. AB - Eleven patients with postoperative abdominal and pelvic lymphoceles underwent percutaneous diagnostic and therapeutic intervention with either needle aspiration or catheter drainage. Although initial sonographic or CT examinations accurately identified these collections, definitive diagnosis required fluid sampling and laboratory analysis for confirmation. Seven pelvic and two retroperitoneal lymphoceles demonstrated a gross appearance and composition different from two lymphatic collections in the upper peritoneum. Nine patients underwent catheter drainage; two were managed by needle aspiration alone. Duration of catheter drainage was 4-120 days, substantially longer than is customary for standard fluid collections. Nine of 11 patients were cured by percutaneous aspiration or drainage alone. Bacterial colonization developed in three persistently draining lymphoceles. However, no clinical sepsis or bacteremia occurred. In another patient with persistent high-volume lymphatic output, sclerotherapy with tetracycline instillation was successful in rapidly closing the lymphatic fistula. Percutaneous drainage is a safe, effective procedure for drainage of postoperative lymphoceles. PMID- 3901706 TI - The interrenicular junction: a mimic of renal scarring on normal pediatric sonograms. AB - A triangular, echogenic focus of perirenal tissue in the anterosuperior or posteroinferior margin of the kidney, the junctional parenchymal defect (JPD), and an oblique echogenic line, the interrenicular septum (IRS), connecting the JPD to the renal hilum are normal sonographic findings in the pediatric age group. They are manifestations of an oblique interface between the two parts (reniculi) of one kidney. They should not be mistaken for renal scars. Prospectively, in a group of 100 children, either the JPD or IRS was seen in 46% of right kidneys and 19% of left kidneys. Retrospectively, the JPD was seen in 47% of right kidneys and 18% of left kidneys, and the IRS was seen in 39% of right kidneys and 12% of left kidneys. PMID- 3901707 TI - Pararenal space hyperechogenicity in childhood pancreatitis. PMID- 3901708 TI - The practical value of computer literacy: 3. Nonimaging computer applications in radiology. PMID- 3901709 TI - Cost of diagnosis vs. hospitalization. PMID- 3901710 TI - Outpatient DSA in cerebrovascular disease using transbrachial arch injections. AB - Experience with intravenous digital subtraction angiography (DSA) has proven disappointing in the outpatient evaluation of cerebrovascular disease. Vessel superimposition, patient motion, and poor vascular opacification all prevent definitive studies in a significant percentage of patients. These problems were addressed by turning to an intraarterial outpatient DSA technique composed of several elements: (1) right transbrachial catheterization of the ascending aorta using a thin, multiple side-hole, straight catheter; (2) arch injections of relatively small volumes of contrast material; (3) pulsed digital image acquisition with multiple projections; and (4) a limited period of postprocedure observation. A total of 43 outpatients and 16 inpatients was studied in this manner with only two complications, both local. Images of definitive quality and completeness were obtained in 82%-98% of cases, and included the major intracranial as well as the extracranial vessels and their circulatory dynamics. Because the iodine load per injection was relatively low, up to 10 angiograms per case were available for delineating superimposed anatomy and motion degradation. Variations in cardiac output had little impact on image quality, and the average case required less than 60% of the contrast load routinely used for intravenous DSA. The transbrachial approach proved as safe and convenient as intravenous DSA but was more thorough and dependable. PMID- 3901711 TI - High-resolution sonography of the recurrent laryngeal nerve: anatomic and pathologic considerations. AB - During sonographic examination of the neck using high-resolution small-parts equipment, the minor neurovascular bundle may be identified in virtually all patients. Postmortem studies in three cadavers demonstrated that this structure is actually the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN). Furthermore, findings observed during sonographic examinations of the neck in nine patients with RLN paralysis of unknown origin were reviewed. Compression, displacement, or infiltration of the nerve from thyroid (seven cases) or parathyroid (two cases) nodules were noted, and this allowed the site and cause of the paralysis to be identified. PMID- 3901712 TI - Exercise and diabetes. AB - Exercise has variable effects on diabetes control. It may cause deterioration in diabetes regulation if patients are hyperglycemic, whereas it may reduce blood glucose levels in well-controlled patients. Factors influencing the magnitude of blood glucose reduction include timing of meal ingestion, peak of insulin activity and whether the extremity injected is exercised. Plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels decrease while high-density lipoprotein levels may increase with activity. PMID- 3901713 TI - Common dermatoses of childhood. PMID- 3901714 TI - Quantitative evaluation of inflammation in biopsy specimens from idiopathically failing or irritable hearts: experience in 80 pediatric and adult patients. AB - The histologic criteria for the diagnosis of myocarditis on an endomyocardial biopsy specimen are troubled by varying institutional criteria and interobserver differences. A comprehensive approach to tissue evaluation including quantitative assessment of mononuclear cell populations enhances the accuracy and the specificity of the morphologic diagnosis. Future efforts to characterize the infiltrating cell lines in inflammatory conditions of the heart will aid in the ultimate refinement of therapeutic efficacy. PMID- 3901716 TI - Radionuclide evaluation of exercise left ventricular performance in patients with coronary artery disease. AB - Rest and exercise radionuclide angiography is a useful technique to study the cardiac adaptation during exercise in patients with coronary artery disease. Most patients with coronary artery disease have an abnormal EF response to exercise, although the magnitude of the change in EF may not correlate with the extent of coronary artery disease. The resting end-diastolic volume maybe the most important determinant of the presence and degree of left ventricular dilation during exercise in such patients. The exercise left ventricular EF improves after revascularization, but the EF response to exercise often remains abnormal. Evaluation of the regional and global left ventricular performance and the pressure-volume relationship during systole and diastole, as well as changes in these parameters after revascularization are possible. The exercise EF is also an important prognosticator in patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease. PMID- 3901715 TI - Meobentine sulfate: antiarrhythmic and electrophysiologic effects assessed by programmed electrical stimulation and ambulatory monitoring in patients with complex ventricular tachyarrhythmia. Report of a multicenter evaluation. AB - Five cardiology centers conducted open-label prospective trials of meobentine sulfate, an intravenously and orally available analog of bethanidine, to assess its potential for treatment of recurrent, drug refractory ventricular tachycardia (VT) or fibrillation (VF), and complex ventricular arrhythmias. The study population comprised 26 patients (mean age, 61 years); 18 were men. Coronary artery disease was present in 15, cardiomyopathy in six, and valvular heart disease in three. Patients presented with both VT and VF (seven), sustained VT alone (12), or frequent ventricular ectopy (PVCs) and nonsustained VT (seven). Of the 26 patients, 5 were enrolled in antiarrhythmic studies (chronic PVC suppression) and 21 were enrolled in programmed electrical stimulation (PES) studies. Two of five in the chronic PVC study showed greater than 75% arrhythmia suppression. Among 21 patients in PES studies, there were eight intravenous (16 mg/kg) and 19 oral trials (400 to 1000 mg every 6 hours, 3 days/dose interval). Five of 22 patients showed efficacy at repeat PES study (neither VT nor VF), one showed partial efficacy, and four were not restudied because of clinical arrhythmia (three) and/or adverse effects (two). Overall, three patients (12%) were continued on the drug for an extended period of time. Adverse experience included hypotension in 50% and gastrointestinal effects (nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea) in 56% (oral trials only). Adverse reactions led to drug discontinuation in six and dosage reduction in eight patients. Thus, meobentine may prevent induction of VT or VF or reduce frequency of complex PVCs in selected patients refractory to other antiarrhythmic agents, but the response rate is relatively low. Symptomatic hypotension or gastrointestinal adverse effects are common and may limit utility of meobentine as a chronic oral antiarrhythmic agent. PMID- 3901717 TI - The duration of the QT interval as a function of heart rate: a derivation based on physical principles and a comparison to measured values. AB - Several quantitatively and qualitatively disparate formulas for the duration of electrical systole (the QT interval) as a function of the R-R interval are reviewed. These are compared by the use of dimensional analysis, which permits rectification of previously published algebraic and dimensional inconsistencies. With one exception, prior developments of formulas have been empiric in nature, with results therefore not based on or necessarily mathematically consistent with basic physical or biologic principles. In order to resolve ambiguity and determine which (if any) of the many proposed formulas is consistent with elementary principles, we began with physical principles as they relate to the results of experiments and derived a mathematical expression for the QT interval as a function of the R-R interval. By making use of equations for the conservation of energy for the heart as a pump and the first law of thermodynamics, a formula of the form QT alpha K'1 + K'2/R-R was derived. This derivation, stemming from first principles and founded on experimental data, does not quantitatively specify the additive (K'1) or multiplicative constant (K'2), but constrains the algebraic relationship of QT as a function of R-R. The formula is comprised of the sum of two terms, a HR (R-R) independent additive constant (K'1) and a term alpha (R-R)-1. The derivation resolves previous qualitative disparaties in proposed formulas and yields a finite limit for QT in the limit of large R-R intervals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3901718 TI - Unipolar electrocardiography of Wilson: a half century later. PMID- 3901719 TI - Chemical and biological characterization of emissions from a fireperson training facility. AB - Firefighters are routinely exposed to a wide variety of combustion products. To examine health-related aspects of their exposure to combustion products from specific sources, samples from oil fire plumes at a fireperson training facility were collected for chemical characterization of organic compounds and for Ames microbial mutagenesis biological testing. Chemical characterization of particulate and vapor-phase samples demonstrated the existence of a complex mixture of organics containing a series of alkanes, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons and other compounds. The Ames bioassay showed an average mutagenic response of 0.4 rev/microgram with most of the activity observed in strain TA98 with metabolic activation. PMID- 3901720 TI - Incidence of proarrhythmic effects from quinidine in the outpatient treatment of benign or potentially lethal ventricular arrhythmias. AB - To determine the prevalence and importance of proarrhythmic events secondary to the initiation of quinidine therapy in outpatients with benign or potentially lethal ventricular arrhythmias, the data from 360 patients treated with quinidine as part of 3 outpatient drug trials were retrospectively reviewed. These patients had at least 30 ventricular premature complexes per hour during placebo treatment and had no evidence of unstable clinical states, hypokalemia, digitalis toxicity, atrial fibrillation or a prolonged QT interval (longer than 0.50 second). The quinidine dose varied from 200 to 400 mg 4 times a day for 2 to 4 weeks. Proarrhythmic effect was defined on Holter monitoring as a 400% increase in frequency of ventricular premature complexes, the presence of new ventricular tachycardia not previously identified or a 10-fold increase in the number of beats of ventricular tachycardia. There was no difference in the demography, response to quinidine therapy or side effects on quinidine among the 3 trials. Six of 360 patients (2%) had a proarrhythmic response and none of these patients had hemodynamic symptoms, required hospitalization or died from the proarrhythmic event. Thus, quinidine can be safely initiated to outpatients who meet the inclusion criteria cited herein. PMID- 3901721 TI - Effects of atenolol on exercise capacity in patients with mitral stenosis with sinus rhythm. AB - Exercise capacity is frequently impaired in patients with mitral stenosis (MS) and sinus rhythm (SR). The resulting increased heart rate, which shortens the diastolic filling period, and the increased cardiac output lead to further elevations of left atrial pressure and subsequent pulmonary congestion. The effect of the beta-receptor blocking agent atenolol, 100 mg/day, was assessed in 13 patients with MS and SR. Exercise performance was assessed using a modified multistage Bruce protocol after 2 weeks of placebo and after 2 weeks therapy with atenolol in a single-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled, randomized study. Atenolol resulted in significant decreases in mean heart rates at rest and during exercise (p = 0.0015) and a significant increase in total exercise time (p = 0.0015). Maximal exercise capacity was also significantly improved (p = 0.0015). All patients were both objectively and subjectively improved by atenolol. Thus, beta-blockade with atenolol improves exercise capacity in patients with MS and SR and may be of benefit to most such patients. The improved effort tolerance is attributed to reduction of the exercise-associated sinus tachycardia by beta blockade, allowing a longer diastolic filling period and better left atrial decompression. PMID- 3901722 TI - Measurement of cardiac output by cine computed tomography. AB - High-speed computed transmission tomography (cine CT) is a new noninvasive technique that may be useful for the rapid, accurate quantitation of cardiac function. The capability of cine CT to assess cardiac output was examined 10 mongrel dogs as an initial step in validating this method. After the dogs were anesthetized, femoral arterial pressure and pulmonary artery thermodilution catheters were inserted. After intravenous injection of a bolus of contrast medium, cine CT scans were performed in the flow mode, in which 50-ms scans were triggered electrocardiographically at end-diastole at 8 levels during sequential cardiac cycles. Scans and thermodilution measurements of cardiac output were obtained at rest and during altered hemodynamic states induced by separate infusions of dobutamine and phenylephrine. Time-density analysis was performed over the left ventricular cavity and curves were fitted to the CT flow data by gamma-variate analysis. Using the Stewart-Hamilton equation established for indicator dilution techniques, the cardiac output was calculated. The results established a direct linear correlation (r = 0.92) between cine CT cardiac output and thermodilution cardiac output over a wide range of cardiac outputs (1.5 to 6.3 liters/min). This study demonstrates that cine CT can provide a reliable estimate of cardiac output noninvasively using contrast medium as an indicator in dogs. PMID- 3901723 TI - New insights into the cellular mechanisms of vasospasm. AB - Previous attempts to define the etiology of coronary artery spasm have focused on such mechanisms as autonomic nervous system dysfunction or enhanced platelet activation leading to high levels of circulating vasoconstrictors. More recent evidence, however, suggests that the basic abnormality may be hypercontractility of the arterial wall associated with the atherosclerotic process itself. Results of both animal experiments and clinical studies support a role for certain cellular events in atherogenesis, including endothelial injury, presence of mitogenic factors and leukotrienes generated by platelets and macrophages, changes in histamine and serotonin receptor density of vascular smooth muscle and neovascularization of atherosclerotic plaque. The mechanisms postulated to underlie coronary vasospasm are discussed, relative to the clinical characteristics of vasospastic angina and the possible therapeutic implications. PMID- 3901724 TI - Response of normal and diseased epicardial coronary arteries to vasoactive drugs: quantitative arteriographic studies. AB - Coronary vasodilators known to be effective in effort and vasospastic angina were studied in 93 patients undergoing catheterization for evaluation of chest pain. The ischemia-provoking stresses were isometric handgrip (25% of maximum for 4 to 5 minutes) or ergonovine maleate (0.2 mg intravenously). Hemodynamic changes and changes in angiographic diameter of epicardial coronary arteries were measured during these stresses, with and without drug administration. Drugs included intravenous diltiazem (0.25 mg/kg load + 0.003 mg/kg/min), intravenous verapamil (0.14 mg/kg load + 0.0075 mg/kg/min) and intracoronary (0.012 mg/min X 4 minutes) and sublingual (0.4 mg) nitroglycerin. From these studies, the following statistically valid conclusions were reached. First, nitroglycerin is a potent dilator of epicardial coronary arteries, increasing normal luminal area an average of 28% and luminal area in significantly stenotic segments by 29%. Second, verapamil and diltiazem are nonsignificant epicardial coronary dilators (9% and 4% luminal area increase, respectively). Similarly, diltiazem does not dilate significant coronary stenoses. Third, sustained isometric handgrip increases systemic blood pressure and heart rate by reflex activation of the sympathetic nervous system. By this means, handgrip also constricts luminal area in normal and diseased coronary segments by 20% and 22%, respectively. One result of these changes is a handgrip-induced, ischemic 56% rise in pulmonary wedge pressure in patients with significant stenosis. Fourth, intracoronary nitroglycerin, in very small doses, does not block the systemic hemodynamic response to handgrip, but prevents handgrip-induced coronary constriction and the associated ischemic left ventricular dysfunction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3901725 TI - Mixed angina pectoris. AB - Patients who present with episodes of angina caused both by an increase in oxygen demand and by transient impairment of supply have a mixed form of angina. Distinctive clinical features allow the classification of patients in everyday practice. At one end of the spectrum are patients who have angina only and always when they exercise beyond an essentially fixed level; their angina is fairly predictable and has been termed secondary angina. At the other end of the spectrum are patients who have a normal exercise tolerance but have angina at rest or during activities usually well tolerated that must be caused by a transient impairment of coronary blood flow; their angina is typically unpredictable and has been termed primary angina. We adopted the term primary to emphasize the possible existence of multiple causes of impairment of coronary flow, which together are to be contrasted with the traditional prevailing concept of angina being secondary to excessive increase in demand. In between these ends of the spectrum are most of the patients with angina pectoris encountered in clinical practice: they have a rather predictable ceiling of exercise that they cannot exceed without developing angina, but they also have a variable proportion of unpredictable anginal attacks that occur spontaneously or at levels of activity that are usually well tolerated. We introduced the concept of mixed forms of angina when we became aware that the same patient could experience angina both as a result of an excessive increase in myocardial demand, i.e., secondary angina, and as a result of the transient impairment of coronary blood flow supply, i.e., primary angina. PMID- 3901726 TI - Hemodynamic principles in the control of coronary blood flow. AB - The effects of atherosclerotic epicardial stenoses on coronary vascular resistance can be understood in terms of basic principles of fluid mechanics. Resistance is directly related to the pressure drop across the stenosis and inversely related to flow. Even with a fixed anatomic stenosis, however, resistance is not fixed; it increases as flow across the stenosis increases. This exacerbates the pressure drop across the stenosis that develops as a result of flow; at high flows, large pressure drops can occur. This characteristic of flow through stenotic lesions can contribute to a "steal" phenomenon between either epicardial or intramural coronary arteries. Studies have also shown the clinical importance and influence of dynamic alterations in coronary resistance, occurring either at the large or small vessel level. In addition, compressive forces exerted by the myocardium or by elevated intraventricular pressures can increase coronary vascular resistance, and thus interfere with myocardial perfusion. All of these factors must be considered in order to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms leading to myocardial ischemia and, therefore, to the clinical syndrome of angina pectoris. PMID- 3901727 TI - An 1846 report of tumor remission associated with hypnosis. PMID- 3901728 TI - Extended follow-up study of the effects of brief psychological procedures in migraine therapy. PMID- 3901729 TI - Social environmental predictors of children's adjustment in elementary school classrooms. AB - Relationships between qualities of the perceived social environment and children's adjustment were examined in 30 second- to fourth-grade classrooms. Based on Moos' conceptual framework, social environment was assessed from both teachers' and children's perspectives. There was little agreement between the two views. Nine teacher- and peer-rated adjustment variables were used as criterion measures in multiple regression analyses which controlled for the potential confounding influence of grade level and family income. The main substantive findings were that peer sociometric ratings were more positive at lower grade levels and in classes rated by children as high in Order and Organization; teachers rated less acting-out behavior in classes seen by children as high in Affiliation, Teacher Control, and Task Orientation; and teachers rated children as more likeable in classes seen by Children as high in Teacher Control and Competition. Implications of the study's findings for future primary preventive efforts to engineer health-promoting classroom environments are discussed. PMID- 3901730 TI - Controlled trial of liquid monopolar electrocoagulation in bleeding peptic ulcers. AB - The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and the safety of liquid monopolar electrocoagulation in the endoscopic control of major haemorrhage from peptic ulcers. During the 24-month period of the trial, emergency endoscopy was performed on 480 patients consecutively admitted with acute upper gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage. Ulcers were seen in 168 cases (35%). Seventy eight of these were included in the trial. Active bleeding was present in 21 cases and stigmata of recent bleeding were observed in 57. Immediate hemostasis was achieved in nine of 11 patients with active bleeding ulcers. However, active bleeding can stop spontaneously (as in four of 10 control patients), which reemphasizes the importance of randomized studies. There was a trend toward hemostatic benefit for the electrocoagulation-treated patients with actively bleeding ulcers. In the group of 31 patients with visible vessels, the electrocoagulation treatment reduced significantly both the rate of rebleeding and the emergency surgery. In the group of 26 patients with other stigmata of recent bleeding (fresh or altered clot, or black spots), only in two cases allocated to placebo treatment occurred rebleeding. These patients are at minimal risk of further bleeding. The results offer support to the contention that liquid monopolar electrocoagulation is a safe and effective method of reducing the incidence of further bleeding and emergency surgery. This new technique has the advantages of low cost, easy maintenance, durability, and portability. PMID- 3901732 TI - Nonsurgical treatment for symptomatic nonparasitic liver cyst. AB - Liver cysts seldom become symptomatic. For the few requiring intervention, various surgical modalities have been described. Cyst fluid has been removed by simple needle aspiration. Injection of formalin into echinococcus cysts at time of operation is not uncommon. In an analogy to the treatment of kidney cysts, we evacuated a large symptomatic liver cyst by percutaneous drainage and instilled alcohol as a sclerosing agent. This simple procedure may be sufficient treatment for selected symptomatic nonparasitic liver cysts. PMID- 3901731 TI - Bismuth subsalicylate in the treatment of chronic diarrhea of childhood. AB - Twenty-nine infants and children, age 2-70 months with chronic diarrhea, were admitted to a double-blind, parallel clinical trial. The subjects were randomly assigned to receive either a bismuth subsalicylate liquid or a placebo liquid formulation. Treatment was given for 7 days with dosage varied according to age. Analysis of the results showed that the subjects in the bismuth subsalicylate treated group gained significantly more weight (p less than 0.05), had significantly fewer (p less than 0.01) and firmer (p less than 0.01) stools with less water content (p less than 0.01) during the course of the study than did the placebo-treated group. Response to treatment, as graded by nursing staff, family, and physicians was moderate to excellent in 86% of the treated group while none of the placebo group received such a rating (p less than 0.01). No differences were noted between stool weights or bile acid excretion. PMID- 3901733 TI - Cultural factors and transmission of hepatitis B virus. PMID- 3901734 TI - Altered patterns of posttransplant urinary tract infections associated with perioperative antibiotics and curtailed catheterization. AB - Postoperative urinary tract infections (UTIs) in renal transplant patients were studied before and after introduction of a protocol requiring single-dose perioperative antibiotics and earlier catheter removal. The overall incidence of UTIs was reduced from 55.4% to 26%. The most dramatic reduction was in nondiabetic males, from 56% to 8.2%. There was a small but statistically insignificant reduction in infection rates in females. There was no change in the rate of infection in diabetics. The incidences of noncoliform and mixed infections, in the group as a whole, were dramatically reduced from 42.9% to 12%, but Escherichia coli infections were totally unaffected. This protocol exposed the special susceptibility of women and diabetics to posttransplant UTIs and the different pathogenesis of E coli versus noncoliform infections. These features need more study. PMID- 3901735 TI - Sulindac and indomethacin suppress the diuretic action of furosemide in patients with cirrhosis and ascites: evidence that sulindac affects renal prostaglandins. AB - Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) suppress prostaglandin-dependent renal blood flow and furosemide-induced diuresis in patients with cirrhosis and ascites. Since sulindac may selectively spare inhibition of renal prostaglandins, we evaluated the interactions of acute administration of sulindac or indomethacin with furosemide in 15 patients with cirrhosis and ascites. Prior to furosemide, indomethacin reduced creatinine clearance (by 55%), urinary volume (by 82%), sodium (by 93%), and prostaglandin E2 (by 87%) (all P less than 0.05), whereas sulindac had no effect. However, both drugs reduced furosemide-induced diuresis. Indomethacin appeared slightly more potent in reducing the diuresis (55% v 38%), natriuresis (67% v 52%), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) release (81% v 74%). In a similar protocol in healthy subjects, furosemide-induced diuresis and natriuresis were also blunted by both drugs. Thus, under conditions of enhanced prostaglandin activity from furosemide, sulindac does affect renal function. These data suggest that renal function should be monitored in patients with cirrhosis and ascites who receive sulindac as well as other NSAID. PMID- 3901737 TI - Occupational deafness: the continuing challenge of early German and Scottish research. AB - Systematic studies in occupational deafness were first carried out in the late 19th century, in America, Germany, Russia, and Scotland. The studies by Gottstein and Kayser, in 1881 in Germany, and by Barr, in 1886 in Scotland, are identified as the two principal landmarks. The physicians who carried them out should be seen as occupying a place in the mainstream of development of industrial medicine. Gottstein and Kayser's study of personnel in a railway works reflected a contemporary concern about railway safety; Barr's, of boilermakers, a feeling for the difficulties in hearing in the everyday world experienced by the victims of occupational deafness. Barr's evaluation of such difficulties through self report, we argue, reveals more of the quality of hearing handicap than the present century's apparently objective tests. Both studies relied on occupation based epidemiology, which was able to identify occupational deafness, distinguish its etiology, and locate the site of its pathology. We argue that occupation based epidemiology has since been neglected in favour of dose-response epidemiology to the detriment of research in occupational deafness and in industrial medicine generally. Dose-response epidemiology seems the more scientific but, in practice, it is afflicted by even more uncertainty than occupation-based epidemiology. To compound the uncertainty, there are two incompatible mathematical expressions for the dose-response relation for noise, both separately enshrined in legislation in various parts of the world. We conclude by advocating more secondary research in industrial medicine. Barr points us to a further topic for such research, the place of temporary threshold shift in the development of knowledge about occupational deafness as a problem for industrial medicine. PMID- 3901736 TI - Reversible renal failure and nephrotic syndrome without interstitial nephritis from zomepirac. AB - This report describes two patients with the clinical syndrome of reversible renal failure and nephrotic syndrome caused by the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent, zomepirac sodium. What is unique about this report are the pathologic findings on renal biopsy which showed fusion of foot processes consistent with minimal change disease without evidence of an interstitial infiltrate. A cause and-effect relationship of the disease to zomepirac administration is strongly suggested by the resolution of the renal dysfunction when the drug was stopped and by more than eighteen months of follow-up without evidence of any impairment in renal function. PMID- 3901738 TI - The neurotoxicity of industrial solvents: a review of the literature. AB - Organic solvents, particularly stryrene, are used widely in boatbuilding. They may be absorbed by workers either through the respiratory tract or the skin. Uptake is influenced by level and duration of exposure, work load, and specific physiochemical features of each solvent, as well as by work practices and use of protective equipment. Kinetics of metabolism and excretion kinetics are highly variable among compounds. Metabolites can be measured in blood, urine, or exhaled breath and may serve as indirect indices of absorption. Acute high-dose exposure to organic solvents can produce a transient narcotic effect on the central nervous system. This effect occurs in proportion to brain dose, which in turn is determined by intensity and duration of exposure. Additionally, chronic exposures to organic solvents have been reported to produce an increased frequency of neurologic signs and symptoms. These findings include peripheral neuropathies and toxic encephalopathies. The latter are characterized by alterations in affect, memory loss, and impaired cognition. Concern exists that prolonged excessive exposure to organic solvents may lead to premature and persistent dementia in certain workers. PMID- 3901740 TI - Meta-analysis: quantitative integration of independent research results. AB - Meta-analysis, a quantitative method of combining the results of independent research studies, is described as a method for reviewing research literature. Four steps are taken to summarize the research in an area. First, a thorough literature review is conducted to identify a group of research studies with the relevant treatment variable. Second, an effect size is calculated for each study. Third, an overall (composite) effect size is determined by a weighted combination of the obtained effect sizes. Fourth, a fail-safe N (the number of unpublished studies with opposing conclusions needed to negate the published literature) is calculated to assess the certainty of the overall effect size. Meta-analysis was applied to 33 studies of chymopapain in an illustrative example. The analysis produced a large effect size of 0.8082 and a fail-safe N of 214, indicating strong support for the effectiveness of the treatment with chymopapain. Meta analysis can be a useful tool if it is used properly. It is particularly useful as an adjunct to other methods of review that are used in pharmacy practice. PMID- 3901739 TI - Health hazards of natural and introduced chemical components of boatbuilding woods. AB - The major components of untreated wood--cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin- have not been implicated as toxicants, but extractive substances, especially in heartwood, can be toxic. Decay-resistant woods are more likely to contain irritants or sensitizers than nondurable woods. Short-term exposures to certain wood dusts may result in asthma, conjunctivitis, rhinitis, or allergic dermatitis, but long-term effects may include nasal cancer and Hodgkin's disease. Some thermophilic microorganisms found in wood are human pathogens, and septic splinters (chromomycosis) and inhalation of ascomycete spores from stored wood chips have been implicated in human illnesses. Reconstituted wood can contain formaldehyde resins, which pose health risks in enclosed humid areas. Pentachlorophenol (PCP)-treated wood is particularly toxic--short-term exposures to PCP-treating solutions can lead to aplastic anemia and mortality, while diseases such as Hodgkin's disease are associated with long-term exposures. Since much commercial lumber is dipped in PCP, the separation of the chronic effects of wood dust from PCP exposure is difficult. Chromated copper arsenate (CCA)- and ammoniacal copper arsenite (ACA)-treated wood may leach arsenic. CCA-treated wood is potentially safer, since it contains the pentavalent arsenic, which is a common constituent in the environment. ACA contains the trivalent arsenic, which is more toxic. PMID- 3901741 TI - Measuring endogenous digoxin-like substance and exogenous digoxin in the serum of low-birth-weight infants. AB - The interference with three serum digoxin assay methods of endogenous digoxin like substance (EDLS) in the serum of low-birth-weight (LBW) infants was assessed. The serum from 5-mL blood samples obtained from each of 19 LBW infants was divided into four 0.5-mL portions. Each portion was spiked with 10 microL of a distilled water-ethanol solution with or without digoxin to produce final digoxin concentrations of 0 (control), 0.49, 0.98, or 1.96 ng/mL. Each portion in each patient was then analyzed by radioimmunoassay (RIA), fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA), and radial partition immunoassay (RPIA) using the control portions to measure EDLS. Serum digoxin concentrations measured by each assay method were calculated by subtracting the EDLS concentrations in the control portions from the measured digoxin concentrations in the spiked samples. The mean +/- S.D. concentrations of EDLS measured by RIA and FPIA were 0.26 +/- 0.13 ng/mL and 0.33 +/- 0.16 ng/mL, respectively. Of the 19 control samples assayed by RPIA, 18 had EDLS concentrations less than 0.1 ng/mL; one sample reflected an apparent concentration of 0.11 ng/mL. Mean recovered digoxin concentrations by RIA at each spiked digoxin concentration were significantly different from those obtained by FPIA and RPIA. A low but significant correlation was noted between EDLS concentrations in serum samples assayed by RIA and FPIA. The RPIA method appears to be preferred over the RIA and FPIA methods used in this study for serum digoxin analysis in LBW infants because of acceptable accuracy and minimal interference by EDLS. PMID- 3901742 TI - Stability of tobramycin sulfate in admixtures with calcium gluconate. PMID- 3901743 TI - Paul F. Parker's impact on pharmacy education. PMID- 3901744 TI - Mechanisms of insulin resistance in non-insulin-dependent (type II) diabetes. AB - Characteristic of both obesity and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance is triggered at the level of the target tissue and can be induced by three general categories of causes: (1) an abnormal beta cell secretory product, (2) circulating insulin antagonists, or (3) a target tissue defect in insulin action. Decreased numbers of insulin receptors and a post receptor defect in insulin action both play relative roles in insulin resistance. A general trend, however, indicates that as insulin resistance increases, the post-receptor defect becomes more prominent. Impaired glucose uptake and subsequent increased hepatic glucose oxidation in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus are major contributing factors to fasting hyperglycemia. PMID- 3901745 TI - Processing and transport of insulin by vascular endothelial cells. Effects of sulfonylureas on insulin receptors. AB - Polypeptide hormones such as insulin must cross the vascular barrier to mediate their biologic actions. A substantial vascular barrier may be encountered in muscle and fat tissues, which are supplied by continuous capillaries lined with tightly joined endothelial cells. Endothelial cells have previously been shown to bind and release insulin with minimal degradation. Because 125I-labeled insulin transport was demonstrated to be receptor-mediated, factors regulating insulin receptor binding may also affect the insulin transport rate across the vascular barrier. Since sulfonylureas may have a glucose-lowering action by altering insulin receptors, the effects of tolazamide and glyburide on vascular endothelial cell insulin receptors were evaluated. Exposure of aortic endothelial cells in culture to insulin at 37 degrees C resulted in a 75 percent loss of receptors. Five to seven days of tolazamide exposure led to a 35 percent time dependent increase in insulin binding. More strikingly, tolazamide altered the dose-receptor to insulin-induced down-regulation. Cells down-regulated with insulin (10 ng/ml) showed a 100 percent increase in binding in the presence of tolazamide; a dose-dependent effect occurred at the 75 to 200 micrograms/ml dosage level. Scatchard analysis indicated that the increase in 125I-labeled insulin binding was due to an increase in receptor number. When insulin receptors were identified with 125I-labeled insulin, tolazamide-treated cells clearly showed an increase of a band at Mr = 145 K, the alpha subunit of the receptor. Tolazamide may thus help normalize glucose in diabetes by preventing receptor down-regulation in endothelial cells. PMID- 3901746 TI - Rationale for glycemic control. AB - Whether long-term glycemic control will prevent the chronic vascular complications of diabetes mellitus remains unknown. Microangiopathy and accelerated macroangiopathy are prevalent in both type I, or insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, and type II, or non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Microangiopathy is predominantly responsible for the excessive morbidity and mortality in type I diabetic patients, whereas accelerated macroangiopathy directly relates to the excessive morbidity and mortality in type II diabetic patients. Institution of euglycemia for short periods will reverse preclinical, functional, renal, and retinal abnormalities, but will not reverse clinical nephropathy and retinopathy. Intensive insulin therapy, although it increases the risk of hypoglycemic encephalopathy, seems rational for type I diabetic patients without vascular complications who can recognize and respond normally to hypoglycemia. In patients with type II diabetes, sulfonylurea therapy, which is associated with fewer adverse reactions than intensive insulin therapy, may lower the risk of atherosclerosis development by correcting hyperglycemia and associated lipid abnormalities. PMID- 3901747 TI - Recurrent thrombotic microangiopathy in a renal allograft. Case report and review of the literature. AB - Thrombotic microangiopathy in a renal allograft may either reflect a recurrence of the patient's original disease, i.e., thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, hemolytic-uremic syndrome, or more commonly may be a manifestation of allograft rejection. This report describes a patient in whom irreversible renal failure developed during thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Two years later while her condition was in clinical remission, she received a 2 DR-matched cadaveric allograft. Nineteen days following transplantation, thrombotic microangiopathy developed in the graft with eventual loss of allograft function despite vigorous plasmapheresis therapy. Multiple factors in addition to possible recurrent disease that may have contributed to this event were identified. The literature on thrombotic microangiopathy and renal transplantation is reviewed. PMID- 3901748 TI - Oral nifedipine for the treatment of patients with severe hypertension. AB - Ten mg of nifedipine was administered to 19 patients with severe hypertension (mean blood pressure 187 +/- 17/122 +/- 12 mm Hg) without intensive care monitoring. Patients were instructed to bite and swallow the contents of the capsule. Blood pressure declined significantly to a mean of 149 +/- 17/92 +/- 10 mm Hg. No adverse side effects or hypotension occurred. Ten patients required an additional dose 30 to 60 minutes after the initial dose. Mean heart rate increased from 79 to 95 beats per minute without symptomatic consequences. Laboratory parameters measured before and after the four-hour study did not change significantly, although peripheral renin activity rose transiently. Urinary sodium excretion increased 43 percent over four hours after therapy in three patients in whom it was measured. Cardiac output, which was measured noninvasively in seven patients, rose nonsignificantly whereas systemic vascular resistance declined from 2,070 dynes/second/cm-5 to 1,271 dynes/second/cm-5 (statistically significant difference) in 20 minutes. These results indicate that oral nifedipine, when bitten and swallowed, effectively lowers blood pressure in patients with severe hypertension without the occurrence of adverse side effects or hypotension. Oral nifedipine may be used safely in an outpatient setting when urgent intervention is required. PMID- 3901749 TI - Mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis associated with multiple myeloma. AB - IgA lambda multiple myeloma was diagnosed in a 58-year-old white woman after the onset of nephrotic syndrome. Serial renal histology demonstrated progressive mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis. Electron microscopy revealed subepithelial electron dense deposits. Immunofluorescence microscopy demonstrated granular staining of peripheral capillary loops with IgG and C3. No IgA was present. No evidence of deposition of the myeloma protein in the glomeruli was found. The temporal relationship of occurrence of the two diseases and the progression of glomerular disease suggest that multiple myeloma be added to the list of malignancies causing immune complex glomerulonephritis. PMID- 3901750 TI - Deficiency of chromosome 8p21.1----8pter: case report and review of the literature. AB - The clinical manifestations and cytogenetic changes of a patient with 46,XY,del(8)(p21.1) are compared with those of nine other patients with a similar deficiency of chromosome 8. Patients with this chromosome anomaly have a syndrome of postnatal growth retardation, microcephaly, mental retardation, epicanthal folds, posteriorly angulated and malformed ears, short neck, relatively increased internipple distance, and congenital heart defect. A short and broad nose, a wide and flat nasal bridge, and a small jaw are observed in young patients but tend to become less apparent with increasing age. In most instances, the syndrome has been associated with a de novo chromosome abnormality. Levels of glutathione reductase in our patient were normal-a finding consistent with localization of the gene coding for this enzyme to the proximal part of band 8p21.1 if gene dosage studies are reliable. PMID- 3901751 TI - Further comments on the lissencephaly syndromes. AB - Detailed clinical, pathological, and cytogenetic investigations of patients with lissencephaly over the past several years have demonstrated the existence of at least eight distinct conditions with variable genetic implications. In several of these disorders, especially chromosomally normal MDS, ILS, and CCL, too few patients have been reported to permit citation of accurate recurrence risk figures. Accordingly, we wish to begin a registry of patients with lissencephaly of all types for the purpose of developing such risk figures and request that any available information be sent to one of us (W.B.D. or J.M.O.). PMID- 3901752 TI - The Greig cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome: report of a family and review of the literature. AB - The Greig cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome in characterized by a set of craniofacial defects (macrocephaly, broad nasal root) leading to peculiar facial appearance, postaxial (occasionally preaxial) polydactyly of hands, preaxial (rarely postaxial) polydactyly of feet, and syndactyly of fingers and toes. Occasionally other skeletal or nonskeletal defects are present. This is an autosomal dominant trait with complete penetrance and variable expressivity. Prognosis for mental and physical development of the affected patients is good, surgery being indicated primarily for aesthetic and functional correction of polydactyly and syndactyly. We report on a Brazilian family in whom the mother and two of three sons were affected. PMID- 3901753 TI - The Brachmann-de Lange syndrome. PMID- 3901754 TI - Lethal neonatal chondrodysplasias in the West of Scotland 1970-1983 with a description of a thanatophoric, dysplasialike, autosomal recessive disorder, Glasgow variant. AB - Complete ascertainment of lethal neonatal short-limb chondrodysplasias was attempted in the West of Scotland for the period 1970-1983. Forty-three cases were identified, representing a minimum incidence of 1 in 8,900. The differential diagnosis included 11 well-delineated skeletal dysplasias, one case of warfarin embryopathy, and one apparently new condition with presumed autosomal recessive inheritance that has radiographic similarities to those of thanatophoric dysplasia (TD). In this series TD had an incidence of 1 in 42,221, which is consistent with new dominant mutation at a rate of 11.8 +/- 4.1 X 10(-6) mutations per gene per generation. Ultrasonic measurement of fetal long bone length was performed in eight subsequent pregnancies at risk. Five unaffected fetuses were predicted correctly and three affected fetuses were detected during the second trimester (one with rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata-second trimester prenatal diagnosis not previously reported; one with achondrogenesis type II; and one with the new lethal condition). PMID- 3901755 TI - Fragile X syndrome. AB - The physical, psychological, and cytogenetic characteristics of individuals with the Fragile X syndrome were reviewed. Prospects for therapy with folic acid, prenatal diagnosis, phenotype of heterozygotes for the marker X, and unresolved issues about the syndrome were discussed. PMID- 3901756 TI - Antiproteinuric effect of naproxen and indomethacin. A double-blind crossover study. AB - In a double-blind crossover study in 10 salt-depleted nephrotic patients the reduction of proteinuria was significantly larger during indomethacin 50 mg three times daily than during naproxen 250 or 500 mg three times daily (72 vs. 44%, p less than 0.05; 77 vs. 46%, p less than 0.05, respectively). Both drugs induced similar reversible intrarenal hemodynamic changes, but indomethacin had more pronounced effects than naproxen. A common pathway, such as the reduction of the glomerular filtration rate and a reduction of the glomerular transcapillary hydraulic pressure, is likely to explain the observed phenomena and is most probably mediated by inhibition of intrarenal prostaglandin synthesis. If treatment with a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug is considered in patients with the idiopathic nephrotic syndrome, indomethacin appears up to now the most effective agent in reducing urinary protein loss. PMID- 3901757 TI - Dialyzer hypersensitivity syndrome: possible role of allergy to ethylene oxide. Report of 4 cases and review of the literature. AB - The occurrence of hypersensitivity reactions in patients dialyzed on artificial kidneys is well recognized in the dialysis community, but has received little attention in the medical literature. We report 4 cases of dialyzer hypersensitivity reactions and review the previously reported cases. Dialyzer hypersensitivity syndrome presents as an acute anaphylactoid reaction, the symptoms of which may range from mild to life threatening in severity. The cause of this syndrome is unknown, but affected patients appear to have a high incidence of positive radioallergosorbent tests to a conjugate of human serum albumin and ethylene oxide, suggesting that ethylene oxide, a substance used to dry sterilize artificial kidneys, may be an offending allergen. PMID- 3901758 TI - Glomerulonephritis with absent glomerular basement membrane antigens. AB - This is a report of a child with glomerulonephritis and no family history of renal disease. On renal biopsy there was splitting and thinning of glomerular basement membrane antigens. These findings are similar to those seen in patients with familial nephritis and may be part of a spectrum of primary glomerular basement membrane defects. PMID- 3901759 TI - Successful second kidney transplantation in a patient with focal glomerulosclerosis. A case report. AB - We report a woman who developed renal failure due to focal glomerulosclerosis (FGS). This disease recurred immediately in a kidney transplant from her brother resulting in removal of that graft. She subsequently received a cadaver kidney transplant, and FGS has not recurred after 24 months. This is the first report of nonrecurrence in a second kidney graft, when the first was lost due to recurrent FGS. Whether timing or tissue typing of the second graft in relationship to the first is important is not known. Recurrence of FGS in a first kidney graft should not, however, preclude future transplantation. PMID- 3901760 TI - Nursing: the finest art. PMID- 3901761 TI - Hereditary angioedema. The swelling disorder. PMID- 3901762 TI - Immunohistochemical evaluation of human placental implantation: an initial study. AB - Immunohistochemical staining for human chorionic gonadotropin and factor VIII related antigen with the avidin-biotin complex immunoperoxidase technique was used as a marker for syncytiotrophoblast and endothelial cells, respectively, in the human placental bed. Material from placental implantation sites at varying stages of gestation (8 weeks to term) was studied. Trophoblastic invasion of the uterine stroma and blood vessels were evaluated. Syncytiotrophoblasts lining placental villi and anchoring villi were positive for human chorionic gonadotropin at all stages of gestation studied. Endothelial cells lining maternal uterine blood vessels were positive for factor VIII-related antigen. At early stages of intrauterine placentation (8 and 11 weeks) trophoblastic invasion of uterine blood vessels and trophoblastic incorporation in the walls of dilated vessels were present. An unexpected finding, however, was the large number of giant cells in the superficial placental bed which had morphology suggestive of syncytiotrophoblast but which were negative for human chorionic gonadotropin. In addition, many enlarged, rather pleomorphic cells lining superficial blood vessels were found to be positive for factor VIII-related antigen, which identified them as endothelial cells and not migrating trophoblastic elements. This study demonstrates that human chorionic gonadotropin and factor VIII-related antigen immunoperoxidase staining is a helpful adjunct in evaluating human placentation and suggests extension of the technique with use of other antibodies to evaluate components of the placental bed. PMID- 3901763 TI - Reliability of amniotic fluid volume estimation from ultrasonograms: intraobserver and interobserver variation before and after the establishment of criteria. AB - This study assesses levels of intraobserver and interobserver agreement for the determination of decreased and normal amniotic fluid volumes, both before and after the development of criteria. Good to excellent levels of agreement were obtained. Agreement may be higher after the development of criteria and may be higher for more experienced ultrasonographers. PMID- 3901764 TI - Preinduction cervical ripening with prostaglandin E2 (Prepidil) gel. AB - The effect of preinduction cervical ripening with Prepidil, a commercially prepared prostaglandin E2 gel (0.5 mg), on the outcome of induction of labor with intravenous oxytocin was investigated. Fifty-nine pregnant women were randomized either to receive intracervical application of the gel or to undergo sham application. Compared to control subjects, patients in the group given Prepidil had significant increases in cervical Bishop scores, shorter induction-to delivery intervals, lower maximum doses of oxytocin, and fewer days of induction. Systemic side effects were minimal, but 37% (11 of 30) of the gel-treated patients experienced labor prior to receiving oxytocin and 20% (six of 30) were actually delivered during the 12-hour ripening period. No differences in route of delivery or fetal outcome were found between the two groups. PMID- 3901765 TI - Hepatic and peripheral responsiveness to a glucose infusion in pregnancy. AB - To enhance glucose transfer to the fetus, the pregnant woman may evidence hyperglycemia after feeding. In order to evaluate whether hepatic responsiveness, in contrast to peripheral uptake, contributes to this response, the glucose production rate was measured in 15 pregnant nondiabetic patients, in 12 pregnant insulin-dependent diabetic patients, and in 12 nonpregnant nondiabetic patients (controls). Seventeen of the women were infused with 3.2 mg X kg-1 min-1 of glucose. All glucose-infused groups had an elevated plasma glucose concentration compared to their saline solution-infused counterparts. The glucose production rate was suppressed in the nondiabetic glucose-infused groups. The glucose production rate of the pregnant nondiabetic patients was similar to that of the pregnant insulin-dependent diabetic patients, but the glucose production rate of the latter group was more variable than that of nonpregnant nondiabetic controls (p less than 0.05). We conclude that in third trimester, pregnant nondiabetic and insulin-dependent diabetic subjects have parallel hepatic and peripheral responsiveness to glucose and insulin compared to their nonpregnant counterparts. Although the pregnant patient may exhibit relative insulin insensitivity, hepatic or peripheral responsiveness to insulin would not explain the persistence of the relative hyperglycemia noted clinically. PMID- 3901766 TI - Intrapartum ultrasound diagnosis of nuchal cord as a decisive factor in management. AB - Reported is the case of a patient who presented in labor with a fetal heart rate tracing that showed repetitive variable decelerations. Time lapse between presentation and delivery was minimized by the ultrasound confirmation of a nuchal cord. Delivery by cesarean section was elected rather than making further attempts at maternal repositioning. PMID- 3901767 TI - Computer-assisted assessment of the fetal biophysical profile. AB - The biophysical profile assesses fetal heart rate, breathing movements, fetal body movements, amniotic fluid volume, and fetal tone. In the past, these data have been scored by an arbitrary, unweighted system. While this approach is useful in detecting major anomalies and oligohydramnios, both static observations, the dynamic variables (fetal heart rate, fetal breathing movements, and fetal body movements) have added little information beyond that of an extended nonstress test alone. We have evaluated an alternative biophysical assessment system, modeled after extended physiologic studies, which not only acquires dynamic fetal variables simultaneously but, with computer assistance, quantifies the biophysical information. With an ADR 4000/L scanner, a Hewlett Packard 8040 A monitor, and a specially programmed IBM microcomputer, we studied 100 normal term fetuses during 60-minute epochs. Each gestation had normal amniotic fluid volume and fetal tone. Normative values for the dynamic variables, expressed as means +/- SD were: fetal heart rate, 137 +/- 6.3 bpm; incidence of fetal breathing movements, 25.0% +/- 17.3%; rate of fetal breathing movements, 46.0 +/- 9.4 breaths/min; total fetal breathing movements, 823 +/- 61; incidence of fetal body movements, 8.5% +/- 3.9%; accelerations (greater than 15 bpm, 15 seconds), 14.1 +/- 6.3. We conclude that this approach is practicable, respects the biologic cycles of fetal behavior, and provides a basis for population standards and sequential study of the same fetus. PMID- 3901768 TI - The relationship of the nonstress test to gestational age. AB - Five hundred ninety-three nonstress tests were performed on 41 obstetric patients, at gestational ages ranging from 20 to 40 weeks. Diagnoses included 10 cases of prematurity, six cases of diabetes mellitus, five cases of collagen vascular disease, five cases of poor obstetric history, three cases of cardiac arrhythmia, and one case each of asthma, polyhydramnios, leukemia, nonimmune fetal hydrops; and eight volunteers were without high-risk factors. All neonates had a 5-minute Apgar score greater than 8; 29 neonates weighed greater than or equal to 2500 gm, 12 weighed less than 2500 gm, and four weighed less than 1500 gm. One neonate died of prematurity, and one was small for gestational age. There were no congenital anomalies. There was a significant difference in the number of reactive nonstress tests and nonreactive nonstress tests between the 20- to 24 week, 24- to 28-week, 28- to 32-week, and 32- to 36-week gestational age groups. The increased incidence of nonreactive nonstress tests at earlier gestational ages may have clinical implications. PMID- 3901769 TI - Evoked fetal startle response: a possible intrauterine neurological examination. AB - The fetal startle reflex was studied in an attempt to provide an objective and quantitative estimate of the fetal neurological condition. This reflex is a normal response to a combined sound-vibratory stimulus in the healthy infant born after 30 weeks of gestation. It consists of a generalized paroxysmal motion that involves the whole body. Thirty women with uncomplicated pregnancies, who subsequently delivered healthy infants, were studied at term. Fetal movements were monitored by means of a real-time scanner. Placement of the transducer was such that it allowed for visualization of the long axis of the fetal forearm. A 3 second stimulus was delivered on the maternal abdomen over the fetal head with use of an artificial larynx. This device generates a mixed sound-vibratory output of 100 dB and 85 Hz. Sufficient visualization of the plane of forearm motion was possible 68% of the time, thus allowing for measurement of the duration of this motion. The results indicate that the mean duration of forearm motion in response to a 3-second sound-vibratory stimulus is 8.2 +/- 2.3 seconds (+/- SEM). Since an immediate forearm motion was detected each time that a stimulus was applied, we conclude that the startle reflex does indeed exist in the fetus. This simple means of assessing the neurological state of the fetus may provide a way to evaluate fetal tone as it applies to antenatal fetal assessment. PMID- 3901771 TI - Penetrating keratoplasty with trabeculectomy. AB - Seven patients who had a mean preoperative intraocular pressure of 40 mm Hg (range, 34 to 52 mm Hg) underwent combined keratoplasty and trabeculectomy. This resulted in an average postoperative intraocular pressure of 23.7 mm Hg. Five of seven eyes had well controlled intraocular pressures throughout the postoperative period (mean follow-up, 16.1 months). This approach can achieve a satisfactory result while avoiding some of the complications of other forms of glaucoma therapy. PMID- 3901770 TI - A clinicopathologic study of contact-lens-related keratoconus. AB - A patient, initially examined at the age of 16 years and monitored for almost two decades, had corneal warpage and keratoconus associated with contact lens wear. Although the patient was advised repeatedly of the risk of continued contact lens use, she persisted. Contact-lens corrected visual acuity continued to deteriorate in the left eye (from 20/20 to 20/200) and keratometric readings continued to increase (from 43.50/44.12 to 56/59). The patient eventually required a corneal transplant in the left eye because of advanced keratoconus. The host button was subjected to light and electron microscopy, which disclosed keratoconus of the round cone type. Spectacle-corrected visual acuity was 20/20 18 months postoperatively. PMID- 3901772 TI - Houston Myopia Control Study: a randomized clinical trial. Part I. Background and design of the study. AB - The Houston Myopia Control Study is a 3-year randomized clinical trial in which each of 213 myopic children was placed in either a single vision (standard treatment) group, a +1.00 D add treatment group, or a +2.00 D add treatment group, on the basis of a randomized procedure. Subjects for the three treatment groups were matched on the basis of sex, age, and the initial amount of myopia. The study involves two groups of investigators: an evaluation team, whose task has been to evaluate candidates before entering the study and to reevaluate each subject on a yearly basis for the 3-year period, and a patient care team, whose task has been to prescribe glasses for each subject as well as to counsel subjects and their parents in the correct use of the glasses and to provide a follow-up examination every six months for the duration of the study. Once the glasses had been prescribed, members of the evaluation team were not permitted to know which subjects wore single vision lenses and which wore bifocals. In the interest of good patient care, members of the patient care team knew which subjects wore single vision lenses and which wore +1.00 D add or +2.00 D add bifocals. In this report, the authors discuss theories concerning the etiology of myopia, methods that have been used in an attempt to control the progression of myopia, and the design of the current study. Further reports will present the results of the study on the basis of the data collected by each of the two study teams. PMID- 3901773 TI - Ankylosed teeth as abutments for maxillary protraction: a case report. AB - It has been recognized that using the maxillary teeth to deliver extraoral force to the maxilla not only results in sutural remodeling but also periodontal remodeling and tooth movement. In patients with severe maxillomandibular malrelationships, the potential for tooth movement often limits the amount and duration of extraoral force and, consequently, affects the success of treatment. This case report describes a technique to intentionally ankylose deciduous teeth in a patient with severe maxillary retrusion. The ankylosed teeth were used as abutments to deliver an anteriorly directed intermittent extraoral force. After 12 months of treatment, the anterior crossbite was nearly corrected. At that point the ankylosed teeth loosened because of root resorption and the treatment was terminated. Cephalometric superimposition demonstrated that the occlusal correction was the result of anterior maxillary movement with little mandibular growth and no movement of the ankylosed teeth. The results suggest that intentionally ankylosed teeth may be used as abutments for extraoral traction in patients with a severe disturbance in maxillary growth. PMID- 3901774 TI - Harvey ras induction of metastatic potential depends upon oncogene activation and the type of recipient cell. AB - NIH-3T3 cells and early passage fibroblasts transformed by various members of the rasH gene family were found to express metastatic potential in nude (Nu/Nu) mice. NIH-3T3 cells transformed by either the cloned DNA of the Harvey sarcoma virus or by the T24 human rasH oncogene were both tumorigenic after subcutaneous injection and metastatic after intravenous injection. In contrast, NIH-3T3 cells transformed by elevated levels of the proto-oncogene were tumorigenic but not metastatic. Tumor growth potential by itself, therefore, was not sufficient to induce metastatic behavior. Diploid fibroblasts transformed with the T24 rasH oncogene were tumorigenic and metastatic after intravenous injection and also produced extensive spontaneous metastases. Thus, induction of the complete metastatic phenotype by the T24 rasH oncogene does not require the use of aneuploid recipient cells such as NIH-3T3 cells. An alternative murine recipient cell type C127, when transformed by the cloned DNA of the Harvey sarcoma virus, was tumorigenic but not metastatic. The transformed C127 cells made less of the viral gene product P21 than the NIH-3T3 rasH transformants. To ensure that the decreased levels of P21 were not responsible for the lack of metastatic potential, C127 cells were transformed with altered constructs of the plasmid containing the Harvey sarcoma virus which elicited enhanced levels of P21. The augmented P21 levels, although equivalent to or greater than that seen in the NIH 3T3 transformants, did not confer metastatic potential on the C127 transformants. These results indicate that at least two complementation groups may be required for induction of metastatic capacity in this system, one involving the "activated" oncogenic form of the rasH gene and the second another as yet undefined factor in the cellular background present in NIH-3T3 cells but absent in C127 cells. PMID- 3901775 TI - Metabolic changes during maturation of male monkeys: possible signals for onset of puberty. AB - There is a close relationship between the metabolic status of a maturing animal and the timing of puberty onset. However, the signals linking metabolic status to the maturation of the reproductive axis remain unknown. We looked for metabolic differences before and after puberty by comparing plasma profiles of insulin, glucose, amino acids, beta-hydroxybutyrate, and glycerol between juvenile and adult monkeys in fed and fasted states. Thirteen juvenile and 13 adult male crab eating macaques (Macaca fascicularis) were fed a mixed meal, and blood samples were collected at intervals between 1.5 and 52 h after the meal. Plasma insulin concentrations decreased in a similar manner in both groups during the first 16 h of fasting. By 20 h after a meal, basal insulin levels were significantly lower (P less than 0.025) in juveniles compared with adults and remained so until the end of the fast. Circulating levels of glucose were similar in juveniles and adults immediately after a meal and then decreased significantly (P less than 0.025) in juveniles by 28 h of fasting and in adults by 52 h of fasting. Plasma concentrations of all large neutral amino acids (i.e., tyrosine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, valine, leucine, and isoleucine, LNAA) except tryptophan decreased more precipitously in juveniles than in adults during the first 20 h of fasting. However, the ratios of tyrosine to other LNAA and tryptophan to other LNAA were similar in juveniles and adults at all times. beta-Hydroxybutyrate concentrations were low in both groups until 24 h after a meal, at which time plasma levels increased more rapidly and attained higher values in juveniles compared with adults.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3901776 TI - Insulin binding and glucose transport in rat skeletal muscle sarcolemmal vesicles. AB - A new method is described for isolation of sarcolemma (SL) from skeletal muscle of rats that produces vesicles of high purity and yield. There was a mean 59-fold purification (n = 22) of the SL marker enzyme K+-p-nitrophenylphosphatase. Specific activities of marker enzymes for sarcoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria were low, indicating minimal contamination. Despite the high purity and low contamination, a relatively high protein yield was achieved (0.43 +/- 0.03 mg/g wet wt, n = 25). Electron microscopy showed that the membranes were primarily vesicles. Specific 125I-insulin binding association constants derived from the high- and low-affinity portion of the Scatchard plots were 0.764 +/- 0.154 and 0.0096 +/- 0.0012 X 10(9) M-1, whereas the apparent number of receptors were 15.0 +/- 4.1 and 925 +/- 80 X 10(9) per mg of SL protein. Equilibrium exchange glucose transport studies at 37 degrees C indicated that the SL vesicles exhibited specific D-glucose transport which was responsive to in vivo insulin stimulation. We conclude that this isolation procedure, especially in light of the high purity and yield, provides a good and practical experimental model for studying insulin binding and glucose transport in skeletal muscle. PMID- 3901777 TI - Rat lingual lipase: effect of proteases, bile, and pH on enzyme stability. AB - In addition to initiating fat digestion in the stomach, lingual lipase may play a significant digestive role in the upper small intestine. By in vitro incubation techniques, the stability of rat lingual lipase at various physiological pH values, as well as the effects of pure proteases, rat gastric juice, bile, pancreatic juice, and mixed duodenal contents, on enzyme activity was explored. There were no changes in base-line activity of porcine pepsin, bovine carboxypeptidase-treated lipase, or heat-denatured proteases compared with controls after incubation at pH 2-6 at 37 degrees C for up to 1 h. In contrast, porcine trypsin-treated lipase demonstrated a significant loss from base-line activity to 59 +/- 12% (mean +/- SE) at pH 4, 34 +/- 11% at pH 6, and 41 +/- 4% at pH 8, and bovine chymotrypsin caused a loss in lipase activity to 11 +/- 7% at pH 8. Rat gastric juice containing 5,000 U pepsin reduced lipase activity to 17 +/- 5% of initial activity at pH 2 and to 45 +/- 3% at pH 4. Rat bile alone diminished activity only 35%, but rat pancreatic juice or mixed duodenal juice reduced lingual lipase activity to 1-12% of initial activity after 60 min at pH 6. Lingual lipase is particularly important in fat digestion in the stomach; however, its role in quantitative fat digestion under small intestinal conditions may be limited. PMID- 3901778 TI - Internal biliary diversion improves glucose tolerance in the rat. AB - The gastrointestinal tract is known to generate hormonal and neural signals that can affect the endocrine function of the pancreas ("enteroinsular axis"). The physiological circumstances under which this connection is operative are still a matter of debate. We investigated the influence of bile flow on glucose homeostasis in an experimental model of internal biliary diversion. After laparotomy in 2-mo-old rats, bile flow was diverted from the duodenum into the second jejunal loop with the use of a plastic minicannula. Rats in which the cannula was implanted but not connected with the common bile duct (sham operation) and rats receiving no treatment were used as control groups. After surgery, the rats with the biliary bypass weighed 10% less than the controls for 3 wk; afterwards and until 9 mo later, operated and nonoperated animals had similar growth curves. After the operation, fasting plasma glucose concentrations fell significantly in the treated rats compared with both sham-operated and control rats; likewise, the glycemic response to orally administered glucose was lower in the treated group 1 wk after surgery. In contrast, no significant difference was found in either the fasting or the glucose-induced plasma insulin levels. Nine months after surgery, the same three groups of animals received an oral glucose tolerance test, an intravenous glucose tolerance test, and a fasting refeeding test (24 h of fast followed by standard, mixed feeding for another 24 h). On all three tests, bile-diverted rats showed lower plasma glucose responses than either sham-operated or control rats in the face of essentially similar plasma insulin responses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3901779 TI - Renin secretion and loop of Henle chloride reabsorption in the adrenalectomized rat. AB - Renin release is increased in the adrenalectomized rat and is not inhibited by sodium chloride administration. The purpose of this study was to determine whether increased renin release is related to impaired absorptive chloride transport in the loop of Henle. Chloride transport in the loop was measured before and after acute saline infusion in three groups of rats: 1) saline drinking adrenalectomized rats (Adx); 2) saline-drinking dexamethasone-treated adrenalectomized rats (Dex); and 3) water-drinking sham-operated controls. Unrelated to differences of arterial pressure, glomerular filtration rate, or net sodium chloride balance, chloride reabsorption in the loop of Henle of Adx [836 +/- 172 peq/min (SE)] was less (P less than 0.01) than in controls (1,646 +/- 353) and Dex (1,377 +/- 318) before saline infusion. After saline infusion, chloride delivery to the loop increased (P less than 0.05) in all three groups. However, loop chloride reabsorption increased (P less than 0.01) only in controls and Dex but not in Adx. Before saline infusion, plasma renin concentration (PRC) of Adx (350 +/- 108 U/ml) was greater (P less than 0.01) than that in controls (56 +/- 6) or Dex (108 +/- 36); sodium chloride infusion failed to inhibit PRC in Adx, whereas PRC was suppressed (P less than 0.01) by saline in Dex and controls. Thus stimulation of renin release in adrenalectomized animals was associated with decreased absorptive chloride transport in the loop of Henle. Dexamethasone normalized loop function and renin responsiveness to sodium chloride. PMID- 3901780 TI - LV filling pressure during PEEP measured by nadir wedge pressure after airway disconnection. AB - Pulmonary arterial occlusion pressure (Ppao) may not accurately reflect left ventricular filling pressure (LVFP) during ventilation with positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) because increases in pleural pressure (Ppl) increase measured intrathoracic vascular and cardiac chamber pressures relative to atmospheric while decreasing LVFP by decreasing venous return. Steady-state values of Ppao off PEEP are not useful in understanding the hemodynamics on PEEP because of changes in blood volume distribution and ventricular afterload associated with the removal of PEEP. We hypothesized that changes in Ppao immediately after abrupt airway disconnection from PEEP selectively reflect removal of PEEP-associated Ppl changes prior to other physiological changes. In pentobarbital-anesthetized closed-chest dogs, we compared absolute left atrial pressure and left atrial pressure relative to Ppl (Platm) prior to abrupt disconnection from 15 cmH2O PEEP (on-PEEP), with Ppao at its nadir (nadir Ppao) following airway disconnection in three sequential conditions: control (normal), after propranolol-induced acute ventricular failure, and after oleic acid-induced lung injury. For all conditions at low LVFP (less than 9 Torr), nadir Ppao reflects Platm better than on-PEEP Ppao, while at higher LVFP (greater than 9 Torr), on-PEEP Ppao better reflects Platm than nadir Ppao (P less than 0.05). Accurate predictions of on-PEEP Platm can be made using both on-PEEP and nadir Ppao values in a multiple regression equation. PMID- 3901781 TI - Cardiopulmonary blood volume and plasma renin activity in normal and hypertensive humans. AB - Plasma renin activity (PRA) and systemic and forearm hemodynamics were studied during acute changes in cardiopulmonary blood volume and central venous pressure in 20 subjects, including 9 normotensive controls and 11 essential hypertensive patients of the same age. Changes in cardiopulmonary blood volume and central venous pressure were induced by a "head-down" tilt and thigh-cuff inflation. Blood pressure, pulse pressure, and heart rate did not change during cardiopulmonary blood volume variations, whereas significant changes in cardiac output, forearm blood flow, and PRA were observed. A significant negative correlation between cardiopulmonary blood volume (CPBV) and PRA existed, and slope of this correlation of delta PRA/delta CPBV was estimated as a sensitivity index of control of renin release. Sensitivity of neural control of renin release was not statistically different in normal subjects and hypertensive patients. In two groups, sensitivity of this reflex mechanism similarly decreased with age. Aging seems to be an important factor influencing the sensitivity of neural control of renin release, both in normal and essential hypertensive humans. PMID- 3901783 TI - Faulkner: ego functions and fantasy. PMID- 3901782 TI - Fat and lean chickens: prefattening period and in vivo sensitivity to insulin, atropine, and propranolol. AB - Fat (FL) or lean (LL) chickens have been obtained by divergent selection. In previous studies, FL chickens were consistently hypoglycemic (slightly) and had high plasma levels of insulin in response to glucose or refeeding from 5 to 8 wk of age. In these, at 12-13 days of age before any difference in fattening can be demonstrated, FL chickens exhibit a better glucose tolerance pattern and enhanced glucose-induced insulin levels but normal insulin levels during refeeding. Plasma levels of alpha-NH2 nonprotein nitrogen, uric acid, free fatty acids, and potassium were neither consistent nor significantly different between lines. Atropine, at high dose, blocked the absorption of glucose and at low dose had no major effect on glucose-induced insulin release in either line. At 8 wk, sensitivity to and disappearance of exogenous insulin were normal in FL birds. Propranolol slightly decreased plasma glucose and inhibited the hypokalemic effect of exogenous insulin to the same extent in both lines. Cerebrospinal fluid glucose level and liver glycogen content were similar in both lines in the fasting or the fed state, but liver glycogen was restored faster after refeeding in the FL, at least in older birds. PMID- 3901784 TI - William H. Park (1863-1939): his laboratory and his legacy. PMID- 3901785 TI - Two comments received on home health care nursing. PMID- 3901786 TI - Autoimmunity and pregnancy. AB - The general effect of pregnancy on autoimmunity remains controversial. In the majority of cases, pregnancy may have no effect on the disease, while on other occasions, pregnancy induces exacerbations that may be especially pronounced in the immediate post-partum period. The reasons for this preponderance are still unclear. Another important aspect of autoimmune diseases during pregnancy entails the passive transfer of the disease into the fetal compartment. It seems that until the pathogenesis and a better specific therapy for autoimmune diseases are clearly defined, careful clinical and immunologic observation of each mother infant pair will be invaluable. PMID- 3901787 TI - Pigmented dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (Bednar tumor). A pathologic, ultrastructural, and immunohistochemical study. AB - Described by Bednar as a "storiform neurofibroma," pigmented dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans is a rare neoplasm accounting for approximately 1-5% of all cases of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP). The lesion commonly presents as an exophytic, multinodular neoplasm of the dermis or subcutaneous tissue. It occurs predominantly in blacks. The majority are located on the trunk, and the remainder are more or less equally distributed in the upper and the lower extremities and the head and neck. Microscopically the lesion is characterized by spindled cells arranged in a tight storiform pattern and admixed with a small population of melanin-containing dendritic cells. The dendritic cells are the primary feature distinguishing this lesion from conventional DFSP. Three cell populations are identifiable by electron microscopy. The majority of cells resemble fibroblasts. A second population of cells exhibits long slender cell processes partially or completely invested by basal lamina. The third population of cells, also invested by basal lamina, contains both melanosomes and premelanosomes. The histogenesis of this neoplasm remains controversial. Although Bednar considered these lesions as variants of neurofibroma, S-100 protein could not be identified, and this finding contrasts significantly from the description of conventional neurofibroma, which almost always contains this antigen. Follow-up information available in nine cases indicates that this lesion may recur locally. Although distant metastases were not observed in our material, complete excision in conjunction with close follow-up care is indicated for this neoplasm of probable intermediate malignant potential. PMID- 3901788 TI - Mandibular reconstruction with microvascular bone transfer. Series of 10 patients. AB - Mandibular reconstruction with microvascular bone transfer was carried out in 10 patients, including 8 with far advanced intraoral carcinoma and 2 with posttraumatic facial and mandibular defects. Eight patients presented with compromised defects as a result of radiation injury, infection, and scarring. Nine patients experienced primary bony union with complete functional and esthetic reconstruction of the mandible, and two patients eventually received dentures. This technique has resulted in a more effective, more reliable, and earlier reconstruction compared with conventional methods. PMID- 3901789 TI - Application of microvascular free osteocutaneous flaps in the management of post radiation recurrent oral cancer. AB - Fifty-nine patients underwent free flap osteocutaneous reconstruction that consisted of flaps of the dorsum of the foot in 26 patients and iliac crest flaps in 33 with a success rate of 92 percent and a mortality rate of 1.6 percent. These flaps, which require the expertise of microvascular surgeons, are time consuming and complicate operating room and time management, but they represent a remarkable advance in reconstruction that can facilitate cosmetic and functional recovery of the patient. In particular, they promote healing in radiation recurrent oral cancer and represent a definitive form of management for established radionecrosis of the mandible. The large volume of tissue available with iliac crest osteocutaneous grafts permits the management of patients with extensive cancer involving the skin, mucosa, and bone, but cancer control may still be disappointing and there is a need for improved adjuvant chemotherapy protocols. This technique appears to be a dependable, repeatable, and significant advance in management of the patient with head and neck cancer. PMID- 3901790 TI - United States trial of dihydroergotamine and heparin prophylaxis of deep vein thrombosis. AB - DVT involving the lower extremities is a frequent (25-40 percent of patients) complication of major thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic surgery in patients beyond the age of 40 years. Herein, we have reported a recently completed large prospective, randomized multicenter investigation of the prophylaxis of postoperative DVT in the United States. A total of 880 patients were randomized into five treatment groups: 0.5 mg of dihydroergotamine plus 5,000 IU of heparin (DHE/H5,000), 0.5 mg of dihydroergotamine plus 2,500 IU of heparin (DHE/H2,500), 5,000 IU of heparin alone (H5,000), 0.5 mg of dihydroergotamine alone (DHE), or placebo. Administration was by the subcutaneous route, using the anterior abdominal wall on a twice daily schedule. Treatment was initiated preoperatively and continued twice daily for 5 days. Daily radiofibrinogen uptake tests revealed the following DVT rates: DHE/H5,000 9.4 percent, DHE/H2,500 16.8 percent, H5,000 16.8 percent, DHE 19.4 percent, and placebo 24.4 percent. DHE/H5,000 was significantly superior (p less than 0.05) to all other treatments in this respect. Adverse drug experiences did not differ significantly between groups and consisted primarily of postoperative bleeding (2 to 3 percent of patients), injection site hematoma (6 to 12 percent of patients), and wound hematoma (1 to 3 percent of patients). PMID- 3901792 TI - Anticoagulant therapy. AB - This is a brief review of some of the more important aspects of pharmacology and clinical management of anticoagulant therapy for venous thromboembolism. Some controversial aspects of treatment with respect to drug dosage, laboratory monitoring, and intensity and duration of therapy have been discussed. Thromboembolic complications can be reduced by extending the duration of anticoagulant therapy to a minimum period of 4 months after hospital discharge. Longer periods of treatment may be necessary in patients with recurrent deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism. Hemorrhagic complications can be minimized by proper attention to laboratory monitoring and awareness of drug interactions and side effects. PMID- 3901791 TI - Combined dihydroergotamine and heparin prophylaxis of postoperative deep vein thrombosis: proposed mechanism of action. AB - The cause of postoperative DVT is considered to be changes in blood coagulation, stasis of blood within the veins, and injury to the vein wall. The coagulation changes have been investigated and documented and involve platelet activation, stimulation of the coagulation cascade, and blunting of endogenous fibrinolytic activity. Stasis has been objectively identified by retention of contrast material in soleal sinuses and marked changes in venous flow velocity in patients in the supine position and in those under general anesthesia. Vein wall injury is more controversial, but has been shown to be directly related to venodilation. Such dilation of veins occurs in response to operative trauma, hence venous endothelial damage most likely plays a part in the milieu responsible for postoperative DVT. The prophylaxis provided by the combination of dihydroergotamine and heparin appears to affect each of the three limbs of Virchow's triad. Heparin achieves its prophylactic benefit by activating antithrombin III. Activated antithrombin III affects numerous sites in the coagulation cascade. It has been shown that 1 micrograms of antithrombin III inhibits the formation of 1 unit of thrombin; however, in the presence of heparin, 1 micrograms of activated antithrombin III inhibits 750 units of thrombin. Dihydroergotamine increases venous smooth muscle tone without affecting arteriolar smooth muscle. Hence, it has the effect of preventing stasis without increasing blood pressure. It also affects the platelet membrane, prostaglandin synthesis, and blood distribution, although these findings need to be elucidated. The combination of dihydroergotamine and heparin seems to have a synergistic prophylactic effect in preventing postoperative DVT. Heparin modifies the coagulation changes, whereas dihydroergotamine minimizes stasis and potentially prevents the endothelial damage caused by excessive operative venodilation. Such a combination of effects can explain the synergistic prophylactic efficacy found when dihydroergotamine and heparin were employed in combination in the multicenter trial [42]. PMID- 3901793 TI - Current status of surgical therapy for deep vein thrombosis. AB - There is renewed interest in the use of operative thrombectomy in the management of acute DVT using the adjuncts of heparin infusion through an indwelling catheter and pneumatic segmental compression of the leg. In the absence of phlegmasia cerulea dolens, however, the indication for thrombectomy remains unresolved. For the postthrombotic syndrome, the most widely accepted procedure is the Palma femorofemoral cross-over bypass, which is indicated for relief of persistent unilateral iliac venous obstruction. Venous valvular incompetence is a much more challenging problem for which some limited success has been achieved by direct valvuloplasty, venous transposition, and autologous vein valve transplantation. For the most serious complication of venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, the evolution of mechanical devices has eliminated the need for direct approaches to the vena cava, and the long-term results with the Greenfield filter allow it to be placed in either an infrarenal or suprarenal position with assurance of long-term patency. PMID- 3901794 TI - [Bacteriological studies in the fight against postoperative infection]. PMID- 3901795 TI - The Unna boot. A therapeutic modality by a dermatologic polymath. PMID- 3901796 TI - The man behind the eponym. Hyperkeratosis follicularis et parafollicularis in cutem penetrans. Josef Kyrle and "his" disease. PMID- 3901797 TI - Alcohol research: a Washington perspective. PMID- 3901798 TI - Hypothesis: alcoholic liver injury and the covalent binding of acetaldehyde. PMID- 3901799 TI - An animal model for low dose ethanol-induced locomotor stimulation: behavioral characteristics. AB - The present paper describes a rat strain, Maudsley reactive (MR/N), which dramatically and reliably shows enhanced locomotor stimulation in an openfield apparatus after low doses of ethanol. Other strains, Sprague-Dawley and Wistar inbred, do not show stimulation, whereas Maudsley nonreactive rats show a less dramatic and variable response to ethanol, compared to the MR/N strain. Female MR/N rats show greater stimulation than male MR/N rats, and the response is dose , age-, and apparatus-related. We conclude that low dose ethanol-induced locomotor stimulation in the MR/N rat strain could be a valuable rodent model for studying central neurochemical correlates of alcohol intoxication. PMID- 3901800 TI - Comparison of ethanol metabolism in isolated periportal or perivenous hepatocytes: effects of chronic ethanol treatment. AB - Ethanol metabolism in rat hepatocytes isolated either from the periportal (pp) or the perivenous (pv) area by collagenase gradient perfusion was compared to reveal metabolic factors that could be associated with the development of perivenous alcoholic liver damage. Cells were also isolated from rats given ethanol (E) chronically by addition to the drinking fluid. One group (EM) received in addition the alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor 4-methylpyrazole, which potentiated the ethanol treatment by causing sustained elevated diurnal blood ethanol levels. Fatty degeneration ensued in only one-third of the E rats but in all of the EM rats. The periportal/perivenous activity distributions of alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH) were 2.2 and 0.75, respectively. Both ethanol treatments significantly decreased the ALAT and increased the GLDH activities, but did not change their pp/pv distributions. Ethanol treatment also increased ethanol and acetaldehyde oxidation, but to the same extent in pp and pv cells. The increase was more marked in cells from EM rats despite their more severe liver fatty degeneration. Ethanol incubation also increased the lactate/pyruvate ratio to the same extent in pp and pv cells both from control or ethanol-treated rats. Our results indicate that periportal and perivenous hepatocytes convert ethanol via acetaldehyde to acetate equally well and with similar effects even after chronic ethanol treatment. Consequently, preferential damage of the perivenous area after chronic ethanol intake is not caused by inherent or acquired differences in ethanol metabolism between perivenous and periportal hepatocytes. Rather, sinusoidal gradients only established in the intact liver may exaggerate the metabolic imbalance by ethanol in the perivenous area, thus explaining its greater vulnerability to damage by alcohol abuse. PMID- 3901801 TI - Effect of chronic ethanol feeding upon the catabolism of protein and lipid moieties of chylomicrons and very low density lipoproteins in vivo and in the perfused heart system. AB - Effect of chronic ethanol feeding for 6 weeks to male Wistar rats upon the catabolism of rat chylomicrons and very low density lipoproteins was investigated both in vivo and in the perfused heart system. The exponential decay curves in the plasma compartment or in the perfused heart system of these lipoproteins labeled in the protein or triacylglycerol or cholesterol moieties were determined. It was found that chronic ethanol feeding inhibited the catabolism of both protein and triacylglycerol moieties by 26-35%, whereas that of the cholesterol moiety was inhibited by 67-71%. Since the catabolism of the triacylglycerol moiety takes place essentially in the extrahepatic tissues while that of the cholesterol moiety occurs in the liver, it is concluded that ethanol affects the catabolism of triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins in the liver more than in the extrahepatic tissues. PMID- 3901802 TI - Persistence of depression in detoxified alcoholics. AB - Although many alcoholics appear depressed upon entry into an alcoholism treatment program, the depressive features tend to disappear in most cases after only a few weeks of sobriety in an appropriate treatment setting. This report is concerned with understanding factors that mediate for persistence of depression in some detoxified alcoholics. Among four relatively independent aspects of alcohol related behavior measured by the Drinking Behavior Interview, only one factor, that related to disruption in close personal relationships, was found to correlate significantly with level of self-reported depression at the end of a 4 week treatment program. These results and those from a previous study are discussed in terms of the loss of social support. PMID- 3901803 TI - Premature aging in male alcoholics: "accelerated aging" or "increased vulnerability"? AB - This study involved an evaluation of two versions of the "premature aging" theory of chronic alcoholism: the accelerated aging and increased vulnerability versions. The major dependent measures used were the tests included in Reitan's brain age quotient (BAQ), a series of neuropsychological tests known to be sensitive to the effects of alcoholism and aging. Subjects were 40 chronic alcoholic inpatients and 40 matched controls, divided into age groups by decade, ranging from the 30s to the 60s. It was proposed that an interaction between age and presence or absence of alcoholism, with BAQ test differences between alcoholics and controls widening as age increases, would support the increased vulnerability version, while the absence of such an interaction would support the accelerated aging version. The results clearly favored the accelerated aging version, with marked BAQ test differences between alcoholics and controls appearing even in the 30-year-old groups. It was concluded that chronic alcoholics tend to perform at levels found for nonalcoholics 10 years their senior, but the discrepancy between alcoholics and nonalcoholics does not increase with age. PMID- 3901804 TI - Application of a high performance liquid chromatography method for screening of aldehyde dehydrogenase isozyme deficiency in hair roots from different ethnic groups. AB - A sensitive high performance liquid chromatography method has been used to measure aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity in hair roots from Caucasian and Japanese subjects. Kinetic studies confirmed previous isoelectric focusing results that hair roots from Caucasians have two forms of ALDH, one low Km form and another high Km form, while hair roots from Japanese individuals who show a flushing reaction after ethanol intake lack, or have low activity of, the low Km form. By taking the ratio of the activities measured at a low (3 microM) and a high (75 microM) concentration of the substrate (3,4 dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde), a suitable index for ALDH deficiency was obtained. The ratio varied between 1.6 and 3.5 for Caucasians and between 7 and 23 for Japanese flushers, and it was 2.5 for a Japanese nonflusher. The current method allows a more quantitative and qualitative assessment of the ALDH isozyme pattern in hair roots than that obtained with the isoelectric focusing technique. PMID- 3901805 TI - Perception of pregnancy and social support as predictors of alcohol consumption during pregnancy. AB - Although an association between alcohol consumption during pregnancy and adverse fetal outcomes has been well documented, variables related to alcohol consumption during pregnancy have remained neglected. Since pregnancy has been considered a time of crisis and stress for pregnant women, this study sought to determine the association of perceptions of pregnancy and social support to alcohol consumption during pregnancy. The 311 Southern metropolitan prenatal patients sampled were interviewed twice during pregnancy. Perception of pregnancy was not found to be correlated with either social support or alcohol consumption during pregnancy. Social support was significantly associated with decreased alcohol consumption during pregnancy. Using standard multiple regressions, two components of social support, general support and pregnancy support, were found to be working in opposite directions prior to pregnancy, with general support showing a positive association with alcohol consumption. Only pregnancy support continued to account for a significant amount of the variance in alcohol consumption during the first 4 months of pregnancy. Pregnancy support, additionally, showed a significant negative association with high maximum drinking (consuming five or more drinks on occasion) prior to pregnancy. These findings suggest that social support may be an important predictor of alcohol consumption both prior to and during pregnancy and merits further investigation. PMID- 3901806 TI - Effect of severe alcoholic liver disease on the disposition of methadone in maintenance patients. AB - We studied methadone disposition in 11 maintenance patients with alcoholic liver disease of such severity that liver biopsy was contraindicated. Nine methadone maintained patients with recent alcohol abuse but minimal or no evidence of liver disease served as controls. Most kinetic indices, including the apparent oral clearance and area under the concentration-time curves, were similar in patients and controls. Although the apparent terminal half-life of methadone was longer (p = 0.04) in the patients with liver disease, the peak plasma methadone level was lower (p = 0.03). None of the patients had signs or symptoms of methadone overdosage or abstinence at the time of study. Six patients and one control had flattened plasma methadone concentration-time curves. We hypothesize that, in severe liver disease, damage to hepatic drug-metabolizing systems is offset by damage to the capacity of the liver to store and release unchanged methadone. The usual methadone maintenance dose may be continued in stable patients with severe alcoholic cirrhosis. PMID- 3901807 TI - Effects of in utero exposure to alcohol upon male rats. AB - Ethanol ingestion by pregnant women can result in the development of the fetal alcohol syndrome in their progeny. To investigate the late consequences of maternal ethanol ingestion upon male progeny, pregnant dams were administered ethanol-containing liquid diets from the 12th day of gestation to 10 days postpartum and their male progeny were compared to those of offspring obtained from dams isocalorically fed a liquid diet without alcohol in which Dextri Maltose isocalorically replaced the ethanol of the ethanol-containing diet and those of dams fed a standard rat chow ad libitum. A significant decrease in body weight at birth (p less than 0.0001), at weaning, and at 55 days of age (postpuberty) (p less than 0.005) was found for the in utero ethanol-exposed animals as compared to that of the animals obtained from the two control groups. Anogenital distances and indices (measures of masculinity) in the male progeny were reduced (p less than 0.001) on days 1 and 5 in the alcohol-exposed animals as compared to those of the two control groups. Testes and prostate-seminal vesicle weights of the alcohol-exposed animals were reduced on day 55 (p less than 0.05) and again on day 110 (p less than 0.01) as compared to those of the two control groups. Similarly, serum testosterone and luteinizing hormone levels were reduced significantly on day 55 (p less than 0.05) in the alcohol-exposed animals but not in the controls. No difference was noted at 110 days of age in testosterone and LH (luteinizing hormone) levels between the various groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3901808 TI - Pup-induced maternal behavior in adult and juvenile rats exposed to alcohol prenatally. AB - The effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on pup-induced maternal behaviors were examined in virgin rats whose mothers consumed liquid diets containing either 35 or 0% ethanol-derived-calories (EDC) on days 6-20 of gestation. A pair-feeding procedure was utilized to control for reduced caloric intake and, in addition, an ad libitum lab chow group was included to control for possible liquid diet effects. The results from experiments 1 and 2 revealed a sexually differential effect on this behavior in adult virgins exposed to alcohol in utero. Adult 35% EDC females showed a variety of deficits in maternal behaviors relative to controls; however, males with similar prenatal treatment appeared unaffected. In experiment 3, both 35% EDC male and female juveniles displayed altered maternal behaviors relative to controls. These results demonstrate yet another behavior sensitive to prenatal alcohol exposure. Prenatal hormonal alterations occurring as a consequence of maternal alcohol consumption may be a mechanism by which this long term behavioral effect is observed. This hypothesis and the importance of future research in this relatively new area of fetal alcohol studies are discussed. PMID- 3901809 TI - Comparison between ballooned hepatocytes occurring in human alcoholic and nonalcoholic liver diseases. AB - To establish clearly what the pathogenetic differences are in the hepatocytic ballooning between human alcoholic and nonalcoholic liver diseases, hepatic microtubules were examined by morphometric and biochemical methods, and staining of transferrin was carried out on liver sections immunohistochemically. Microheterogeneity of serum transferrin was also detected by immunofixation after isoelectric focusing. Hepatic microtubules were significantly decreased in alcoholic liver disease, and transferrin was clearly stained in the ballooned hepatocytes of alcoholic liver disease but not in nonalcoholic liver disease. The degree to which transferrin was stained was related to hepatic microtubular contents and also related to the appearance of the microheterogeneity of serum transferrin in alcoholic liver disease. These findings indicate that ballooning of hepatocytes in alcoholic liver disease, but not in nonalcoholic liver disease, is caused by the accumulation of exportable proteins due to impairment of microtubular polymerization. This accumulation might be related to the inhibition of glycosylation and secretion of glycoproteins by the impairment of microtubular functions. From these results, it was determined that staining of transferrin in the liver may be useful for differentiation of the etiology of liver diseases. PMID- 3901810 TI - Indomethacin pretreatment blocks the effects of high concentrations of ethanol. AB - Previous reports from our laboratory have indicated that the responses to ethanol following intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection increase as the concentration of the ethanol solution increases. We have also presented evidence which indicates that pretreatment with drugs such as indomethacin (a prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor) decreases the response of mice to ethanol injected i.p. The results reported here corroborate our earlier findings in that the sleep time response of C57BL and DBA mice was greater following injection with a 40% (w/v) ethanol solution than that seen following i.p. injection with a 20% (w/v) ethanol solution. The increase in sleep time does not appear to be due to alterations in the rates of absorption or elimination of ethanol. Pretreatment with indomethacin reduced sleep time in those animals injected with the 40% solution but was without effect in the animals injected with the 20% solution. Both C57BL and DBA mice pretreated with indomethacin exhibited an increase in waking blood and brain ethanol, an indicant of altered central nervous system sensitivity. In addition, both DBA and C57BL mice exhibited an increase in the linear rate of ethanol elimination if pretreated with indomethacin before injection with the 40% ethanol solution. Indomethacin did not affect ethanol elimination rates of animals injected with the 20% ethanol solution. These data indicate that high concentrations of ethanol when injected into the peritoneal cavity promote the production of prostaglandins which serve to enhance the behavioral response to ethanol. This enhancement may be due to altered pharmacokinetics as well as central nervous system effects. PMID- 3901811 TI - Response to "A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of magnesium sulfate in the ethanol withdrawal syndrome. PMID- 3901812 TI - Blood levels, half-life, and clearance of ethanol in the new world primate Cebus apella. PMID- 3901813 TI - Cytokines cause functional and structural damage to isolated islets of Langerhans. AB - Cytokines are soluble, antigen non-specific, non-immunoglobulin mediators produced and secreted by blood mononuclear cells interacting in the cellular immune-response. To test the possibility that cytokines participate in the autoimmune destruction of the pancreatic beta-cells leading to insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, isolated human or rat islets of Langerhans were incubated for 7 days with cytokine-rich, cell-free supernatants of blood mononuclear cells from healthy human donors stimulated with or without purified protein derivative of tuberculin or phytohaemagglutinin. Glucose stimulated insulin-release, and contents of insulin and glucagon in islets incubated with cytokine-rich supernatants were markedly reduced. This impairment of islet function was due to a cytotoxic effect of cytokine-rich supernatants as judged by disintegration of normal light-microscopic morphology. PMID- 3901815 TI - Radial artery cannulation and ischaemic damage: a review. AB - A review of the literature concerning ischaemic complications following radial artery cannulation suggests that the Allen test has little predictive validity. Other methods of assessing the ulnar collateral circulation are discussed. PMID- 3901814 TI - The end of the crystalloid era? A new approach to peri-operative fluid administration. AB - The metabolic response to surgery causes sodium and water retention. It does not seem logical to pour crystalloid solutions into patients in the peri-operative period, particularly when these solutions can cause deterioration in lung function. Plasma volume must be maintained to prevent a decreased blood flow to vital organs such as the kidneys. Blood or colloid solutions, not crystalloid solutions, should be used for this purpose, since the latter are distributed throughout the whole extracellular space and are less effective in maintaining plasma volume. Water given as 5% dextrose should be given in minimal quantities to maintain intracellular hydration. Patients undergoing minor to moderate surgery when they are likely to be drinking within 24 hours do not usually require any intravenous infusion. Moreover, to administer intravenous fluids to these patients may cause harm. No fluid regimens should be inflexible and the patient's size, age and fluid losses should be taken into account. PMID- 3901816 TI - Severe hypercalcaemia due to a parathyroid-type hormone-secreting tumour of the liver treated by hepatic transplantation. PMID- 3901818 TI - Acute abdominal disorders in the paralysed patient. AB - In the paralysed and sedated patient, acute abdominal diseases are difficult to diagnose. Clinical signs such as tenderness, rebound, guarding and rigidity are often misleading or absent and in the fully monitored, critically ill patient, the abdominal X-ray, ultrasound and CT scan may be associated with a high incidence of artifact abnormality. The acute abdominal disorders commonly found in the critically ill patient are listed, the diagnostic approach using standard clinical and investigational methods is considered, and the problems commonly encountered by the clinician are highlighted. PMID- 3901817 TI - Acute pancreatitis. AB - This paper provides a review of recent advances in the understanding and management of acute pancreatitis. The mortality of acute severe pancreatitis remains disappointingly high. While there have been relatively few recent advances in the surgical management of acute pancreatitis, several nonsurgical developments appear promising. PMID- 3901820 TI - Morphine kinetics and kidney transplantation: morphine removal is influenced by renal ischemia. AB - Morphine plasma concentrations were determined in six patients receiving kidney transplants from living-related donors, and nine patients receiving kidney transplants from cadavers. The total cold ischemic time was about 2 hr for kidneys from living-related donors and 14 hr for those from cadavers. After an intravenous bolus dose of morphine, plasma morphine concentrations decreased to a plateau that lasted for several hours; morphine elimination resumed when the transplanted kidney began to clear creatinine. The duration of the total cold ischemic time was significantly related to both the duration of the plateau in morphine concentration (P = 0.008) and the first postoperative day creatinine clearance (P = 0.021). Morphine elimination half-life after the plateau was related to first postoperative day creatinine clearance (P less than 0.001). It was concluded that morphine elimination depended upon intact renal function. PMID- 3901819 TI - Ultrastructural localization of cholinesterase during chondrogenesis and myogenesis in the chick limb bud. AB - Cholinesterase (ChE) is transiently expressed in undifferentiated embryonic cells. In the chick limb bud ChE-activity was found in the apical ectodermal ridge and in the subridge mesenchyme. The reaction was localized in the perinuclear cisterna, in an extensive network of narrow profiles of endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and in the Golgi complex. The chondroblasts emerging from the subridge mesenchyme, also showed strong ChE-activity. During differentiation the enzyme first disappeared from the Golgi zone. Then, the narrow ChE-positive ER was successively replaced by ChE-negative extended rough ER characteristic for the differentiated chondrocyte. The myoblasts showed weak ChE-activity with the same ultrastructural localization as in other mesenchymal cells. After fusion the myotubes exhibited strong ChE-activity in the perinuclear cisterna and the developing sarcoplasmic reticulum. In later stages of myogenesis the myoblasts were closely attached to the myotubes and had lost their ChE-activity. During mitosis of ChE-positive cells, ChE-activity was retained in fragments of perinuclear cisterna and ER. In ChE-active mesenchymal cells and chondroblasts we observed specialized contact zones between ER and plasma membrane. ChE-active cisternae of ER run parallel to the plasma membrane with a gap of approximately 10-15 nm. We discuss a possible function of a cholinergic system during morphogenesis. PMID- 3901822 TI - Cardiovascular actions of nitrous oxide or halothane in hypovolemic swine. AB - During normovolemia, nitrous oxide causes mild sympathetic stimulation and direct myocardial depression; these effects offset each other, resulting in only minimal cardiovascular changes. To test the hypothesis that during hypovolemia this balance would change and depression predominate, 10 swine were made hypovolemic (30% blood loss) and then were given 70% N2O (0.25 MAC in swine) or an equipotent concentration of halothane, an agent that does not cause sympathetic stimulation. The alternate anesthetic was given to the same hypovolemic swine on another day. Five minutes after induction of anesthesia during hypovolemia, both N2O and halothane caused significant, physiologically important deterioration of compensation for hemorrhage. Halothane decreased systemic vascular resistance (SVR); N2O was more variable in its action, and SVR did not decrease significantly. Both agents caused similar decreases in cardiac output, mean aortic blood pressure, stroke volume, oxygen consumption, and left ventricular minute work, despite increases in plasma epinephrine concentration and plasma renin activity. No differences were found between groups for any of these variables (P greater than 0.05). Plasma norepinephrine concentration increased only in the N2O group and was greater in that group than in the halothane group. The deterioration of cardiovascular compensation for hemorrhage was expressed metabolically by similar decreases in the two groups in partial pressure of oxygen of mixed venous blood and by increases in blood lactate concentration. Thirty minutes after induction of anesthesia, with stable end-tidal anesthetic concentrations, both groups had some cardiovascular, but no metabolic, recovery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3901821 TI - A double-blind comparison of multiple intramuscular doses of ciramadol, morphine, and placebo for the treatment of postoperative pain. AB - Ciramadol, an agonist-antagonist analgesic (in intramuscular doses of 30 and 60 mg) was compared with 10 mg of morphine and placebo in a double-blind, parallel study in 160 patients with postoperative pain. The patients were assigned randomly to one of the four treatment groups and could receive a dose of the medication every 3 hr as needed for 48 hr; a maximum of six doses was allowed in a 24-hr period. Formal efficacy assessments using standard pain intensity and pain relief scales were restricted to the initial dose period. The three active therapy groups had significantly (P less than 0.05) higher analgesia scores than the placebo group on all efficacy scales. The mean cumulative efficacy scores for the initial dose evaluation were highest for 60 mg of ciramadol; however, patients' overall evaluations of therapy were highest in the morphine group. Nausea and vomiting were the most frequent adverse experiences (15-25% incidence); however, there were no statistically significant differences between groups in their occurrence. A greater percentage (P less than 0.05) of patients reported skin reactions in the 60 mg ciramadol group (15%) than in the 30 mg ciramadol (0%) and placebo (0%) groups. Sedation was slightly higher with the active therapies than with placebo. Changes in vital signs were minimal. It is concluded that 60 mg of ciramadol compares favorably with 10 mg of morphine as a postoperative analgesic. PMID- 3901823 TI - Additional inspiratory work in intubated patients breathing with continuous positive airway pressure systems. PMID- 3901825 TI - Improperly sterilized fine-mesh gauze associated with donor site infections in skin-grafted burn patients. PMID- 3901826 TI - A prospective randomized trial of aspirin in femoral popliteal and tibial bypass grafts. AB - A prospective, randomized clinical trial to study the effect of aspirin on late patency of femoral popliteal and tibial bypass grafts is reported. One hundred limbs in 93 patients were randomized to receive daily 650 mgs aspirin postoperatively (ASA, n = 45) or no aspirin (NASA, n = 55). Indication for surgery was limb salvage in 88% and poor runoff (0-1 vessel) was present in 68%. Graft material consisted of autogenous vein (AV) in 63, expanded PTFE in 82 and composite grafts in five limbs. Distal anastomosis was to the popliteal artery in 72 limbs, tibial vessels in 19 and sequential in nine limbs. Patient followup ranged from 1-51 months (mean 12.97). Sixteen (16%) grafts occluded late, eight each in the ASA and NASA groups, (p greater than .05). No significant differences in graft patency existed between ASA and NASA groups in limbs with AV (88.5% vs 92.9%) or PTFE grafts (74% vs 62%) (p greater than .05). A total of 21 (19%) anastomoses occluded. No differences were noted between ASA and NASA limbs, although patency in AV was greater than PTFE (p less than .05). Cumulative patency rates were 84.4% at 12 months, 81.5% at 24 months, 67.3% at 36 months and 52.4% at 48 months (ASA vs NASA, p greater than .05). Therefore, daily administration of 650 mgs of aspirin did not appear to influence late graft patency of femoral popliteal and tibial AV or PTFE bypass grafts at a mean followup period of 12.97 months. PMID- 3901824 TI - [A computer monitoring system for emergency diagnosis in the intensive care unit]. PMID- 3901827 TI - Pentoxifylline treatment in patients with occlusive peripheral arterial disease. Circulatory changes and effects on prostaglandin synthesis. AB - Pentoxifylline has recently been reported to stimulate in vitro the synthesis of prostacyclin. However it is not known so far whether the drug is able to stimulate prostacyclin synthesis in man also in vivo. In the present study the effects of pentoxifylline on prostaglandin synthesis and several circulatory parameters were studied in 10 controls and 10 patients with occlusive arterial disease after acute i.v. and medium term oral treatment. Prostacyclin (as 6-keto PGF1 alpha) and PGE2 plasma concentrations have been measured together with arterial blood flow, peripheral vascular resistance, platelet aggregation and red blood cell deformability. Pentoxifylline was found both in healthy subjects and patients to significantly increase prostacyclin plasma concentration after i.v. treatment. In medium term oral treatment prostacyclin concentration was found to increase only two hours after administration and not 8 hours after. No significant variations in PGE2 plasma concentration were found at any time in both groups. Pentoxifylline significantly enhanced resting and post-ischemic blood flow of the lower limbs and simultaneously decreased peripheral vascular resistance both in healthy subjects and patients. Different grades of delayed platelet aggregation and increased red blood cell deformability were also observed. In conclusion results of the present placebo controlled study show that pentoxifylline increases arterial blood flow in patients with occlusive arterial disease. Moreover pentoxifylline induces a temporary stimulation of prostacyclin synthesis which can be suggested to contribute to the clinical activity of the drug as far as an antithrombotic effect in terms of inhibition of platelet aggregation is concerned. PMID- 3901828 TI - Restitution of facial form in a patient with hemifacial microsomia. A case report. AB - Hemifacial microsomia involves unilateral underdevelopment of the ear, mandible and associated structures. This report describes an approach to early surgical restoration of function to improve growth, illustrated with a case report. PMID- 3901829 TI - Bronchial inhalation tests. I. Measurement of nonallergic bronchial responsiveness. AB - Bronchial inhalation test with histamine or methacholine are useful to measure the presence and degree of nonallergic bronchial hyperresponsiveness, a ubiquitous feature of current symptomatic asthma. Tests must be well standardized so that the test is reproducible and the results can be interpreted and compared with other investigators. The tests are safe and relatively simple to perform. Histamine and methacholine tests are useful in the diagnosis of asthma, in the assessment of its severity, in the diagnosis and follow-up of occupational asthma, and in the monitoring of various asthma treatments. It is suggested that a well standardized histamine or methacholine inhalation test should be available in all major pulmonary function laboratories. PMID- 3901830 TI - Recent advances in otitis media with effusion. AB - OME is similar to other chronic inflammatory diseases with the additional fact that ventilation of the middle ear is an extremely important and necessary part of therapy. Antimicrobial therapy alone may not cure middle ear inflammatory disease as long as Eustachian tube dysfunction persists. If Eustachian tube dysfunction and middle ear fluid persists, all forms of immunologic reactivity may occur in the middle ear which may result in persistent effusion and damage to the mucosal system, to the middle ear ossicles, and to the mastoid mucosal system. These changes may require more aggressive surgical management. It is obvious that we must learn more about the physiology and pathophysiology of the Eustachian tube; about understanding of the systemic, and particularly the local humoral and cell-mediated immune response in the middle ear. Finally, we must determine the potential role of inflammatory mediators, both in the protection against disease and also in the potential role that they play in tissue injury. Encouraging progress is being made in all of these areas and it seems likely that the increased research interest and productivity from laboratories throughout the world will eventually lead to the goal of enhanced prevention and improved treatment of OME. PMID- 3901831 TI - Recurrent acute bronchitis: the association with undiagnosed bronchial asthma. AB - Forty-six consecutive patients with a history of recurrent acute bronchitis (chest colds) referred from primary care clinics were studied prospectively to determine if hyperreactive airways (mild bronchial asthma) was a concomitant entity. Mild bronchial asthma was diagnosed in 30/46 (65%) patients by history, physical examination, and routine spirometry, or by methacholine bronchial provocation. The incidence of mild bronchial asthma was markedly increased in patients with a history of recurrent acute bronchitis over that seen in the general population. These results emphasize a need to investigate an underlying cause in patients with recurrent acute bronchitis. PMID- 3901832 TI - A comparative trial of the clinical efficacy and pharmacokinetics of 12-hour and 24-hour controlled release theophylline preparations in patients with chronic asthma. AB - A double-blind crossover comparison of a 12-hour theophylline preparation (Theo Dur) and a 24-hour theophylline preparation (Theo-24) was conducted with 20 young adult chronic asthmatic patients requiring daily bronchodilator therapy. The study group included 11 males and nine females ranging in age from 12 to 28 years. Clinical status and serum theophylline levels were monitored during the 4 week dosing interval on each medication. On the last day of each test period subjects were monitored closely throughout a 24-hour period. The results indicated little clinical difference between the two medications although there were statistically significant differences in the pharmacokinetic behavior between the two theophylline preparations. PMID- 3901834 TI - Theophylline and its fickle unpredictability of absorption. PMID- 3901833 TI - Assessment of the correlation of rhinometry with the symptoms and signs of allergic rhinitis in children. AB - The measurement of nasal patency by anterior rhinometry is a potentially useful tool in evaluating patients with various forms of rhinitis. This study measured both nasal air flow by anterior rhinometry and symptom/sign scores in 49 children with perennial allergic rhinitis. We found that anterior rhinometry in children is (1) a simple, rapid procedure, (2) well accepted by the pediatric patient, and (3) a valid technique for objectively assessing and quantifying the somewhat subjective parameters that physicians traditionally follow for allergic rhinitis. PMID- 3901835 TI - Gut and joint disease. PMID- 3901836 TI - Development and clinical application of methods for detection of antineutrophil antibody in serum of the cat. AB - Two techniques, leukoagglutination and indirect immunofluorescence, were adapted to test for the presence of antineutrophil antibody in cat serum. The leukoagglutination test was analogous to an indirect Coombs' test. The test was performed on freshly isolated cat blood neutrophils, with the test results read from stained smears (Wright's stain) made from sedimented antiserum-treated neutrophils. A positive test response was indicated by agglutinated neutrophils on the stained smear. The indirect immunofluorescence test was performed by incubating paraformaldehyde-fixed cat blood neutrophils with test serum, after which the neutrophils were stained with fluorescein isothiocyanate-tagged antiglobulin. A positive test response was a ring of fluorescence surrounding the cells, as viewed through a UV microscope. Serum samples (n = 55) from clinically neutropenic cats were tested for the presence of antineutrophil antibody by the indirect immunofluorescence technique. Ten positive-control sera (rabbit anti-cat neutrophil serum) and 10 negative-control sera (normal cat serum) were included. Only the positive control sera exhibited neutrophil fluorescence, indicative of antineutrophil antibody. None of the 55 samples of clinical origin showed any appreciable fluorescence. PMID- 3901837 TI - Correlative biomechanical and histologic study of the cranial cruciate ligament in dogs. AB - The mechanical properties of the cranial cruciate ligament were determined, using unilateral bone-ligament-bone preparations from 65 dogs of various ages and body sizes. Tensile loading of the cranial cruciate ligament from 1 of each pair of stifle joints demonstrated a decrease in material properties (modulus, maximum stress, strain energy) with aging. The decreases in maximum stress and strain energy with age were significantly less (P less than 0.05 and P less than 0.05, respectively) in the cranial cruciate ligament from dogs weighing less than 15 kg, compared with those weighing 15 kg or more. The cranial cruciate ligament and remaining femorotibial ligaments were collected from the opposite stifle joints and examined microscopically. By 5 years of age, the cranial cruciate ligaments of dogs weighing greater than 15 kg consistently had microscopic evidence of degenerative disease (loss of ligamentocytes, metaplasia of surviving ligamentocytes to chondrocytes, and failure to maintain collagen fibers and primary collagen bundles) which progressed in severity with age. The caudal cruciate ligaments were similarly affected, although the degenerative changes were rarely as severe as in the cranial cruciate ligament. The collateral ligaments underwent minimal degeneration. Sex differences had no bearing on degeneration. The cranial cruciate ligaments in dogs weighing less than 15 kg generally had less severe alterations than those in heavier dogs, and the onset of the degenerative process was delayed by several years. Cranial cruciate ligaments removed from dogs after ligament failure not only had degenerative disease, but also had undergone unsuccessful attempts at repair. In contrast, fibrous repair was rarely present in intact ligaments of asymptomatic dogs with degenerative disease of the cranial cruciate ligament. PMID- 3901838 TI - Familial canine dermatomyositis: clinicopathologic, immunologic, and serologic studies. AB - Laboratory studies were performed on 3 Collies with familial canine dermatomyositis, 6 progeny from a breeding of 2 of the Collies (incross litter), and 4 progeny from the breeding of an affected Collie male and a normal Labrador Retriever (outcross litter). Hematologic abnormalities were leukogram changes consistent with inflammation, and, in 2 severely affected incross dogs, anemia of inflammatory disease. Serum muscle enzyme activities were not markedly increased. High concentrations of immune complexes and proportionally increased total immunoglobulin G were present in the sera of moderately and severely affected incross dogs. The same dogs had weakly positive direct Coombs' tests, and 1 affected outcross dog had a strongly positive direct Coombs' test. Rheumatoid factor was present in a severely affected incross dog. A few dogs had polyclonal globulin increases that were attributed to inflammation. Low antibody titers to canine calicivirus were present in 3 dogs and a low titer to canine coronavirus was present in 1 dog. PMID- 3901839 TI - Phagocytic and killing capacities of uterine-derived polymorphonuclear leukocytes from mares resistant and susceptible to chronic endometritis. AB - The host defense competence of uterine-derived polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) from mares considered resistant (grade I uteri) and susceptible (grade III uteri) to chronic endometritis was evaluated for phagocytic and killing (bactericidal) capacities, using a fluorochrome assay. Peripheral blood PMN from noncategorized mares and from grade I and grade III mares were used as controls. Uterine-derived PMN from mares with grade I uteri were functionally competent for phagocytosis and killing of Candida albicans, whereas uterine-derived PMN from mares with grade III uteri had significantly less phagocytic and killing capacities (P greater than or equal to 0.0001). Results of the present study, together with data obtained from chemotactic responsiveness and deformability assays of a previous study, indicated an overall deficiency in the host defense mechanism of uterine-derived PMN from mares with grade III uteri obtained 12 hours after induced Streptococcus zooepidemicus infection. This deficiency may account for the susceptibility of mares with grade III uteri to chronic endometritis. PMID- 3901840 TI - Bovine neutrophils treated with chemotactic agents: morphologic changes. AB - Neutrophils were isolated from the peripheral blood of cattle. After the neutrophils were incubated with zymosan-activated serum, the neutrophils changed from spherical to a bipolar shape. Ninety percent of the neutrophils became bipolar in 5 to 10 minutes. Bacterial cell filtrate and casein also induced bipolar shape changes in neutrophils, but N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucinyl-L phenylalanine did not. The neutrophil-shape-change response was a rapid in vitro assay to evaluate early chemotactic events. PMID- 3901841 TI - Autologous marrow transplantation as consolidation therapy for canine lymphoma: efficacy and toxicity of various regimens of total body irradiation. AB - Dogs with malignant lymphoma were given chemotherapy consisting of nitrogen mustard, vincristine sulfate, prednisone, L-asparaginase, and 6-mercaptopurine (MOPA-6) for 14 days. Among 62 dogs that completed treatment with MOPA-6, 47 (76%) had complete remission, and 13 (21%) had partial remission and 2 had no response to chemotherapy. Twenty-two of the 62 dogs were not returned by their owners for additional therapy and died 15 to 391 (median 21) days after MOPA-6 from infections or recurrent disease. A median of 1 month after starting MOPA-6 therapy, 40 dogs (35 in complete remission, 5 in partial remission) were given total body irradiation (TBI), followed by infusion of fresh autologous marrow. Twenty dogs were given 13.5 Gray (Gy) of TBI at 4 centi-Gray (cGy)/min. Among 16 evaluable dogs, 7 had recurrence of lymphoma at a median of 169 days. Two dogs died with veno-occlusive disease of the liver, 3 with pneumonia, 3 with hemorrhage, and 1 was killed. Twenty dogs were given 11.8 to 14.7 Gy of TBI at 2 cGy/min. Among 14 evaluable dogs, 9 had recurrence of lymphoma at a median of 117 days. The remaining 5 dogs were killed at 110 to 680 days; lymphoma was not present at necropsy. The results indicated that doses of TBI of 11.8 to 14.7 Gy did not reduce the recurrence of lymphoma, compared with results obtained in a previous study with 8.4 Gy of TBI. Furthermore, increased doses of TBI increased acute and delayed toxicities. Alternatively, recurrent disease may have been due to lymphoma cells contained in the infused remission marrow. PMID- 3901842 TI - Operational evaluation of treatment for tuberculosis. Results of 8- and 12-month regimens in Peru. AB - To measure the effectiveness of treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis in Peru we evaluated the fate of 2,669 patients who had tuberculosis diagnosed in 1981. Two regimens were used: (1) isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and streptomycin daily for 2 months, then either isoniazid and streptomycin twice a week or isoniazid and thiacetazone daily for 6 months; and (2) isoniazid, streptomycin, and thiacetazone daily for 2 months, then either isoniazid and streptomycin twice weekly or isoniazid and thiacetazone daily for 10 months. Patients were not assigned at random to the 2 treatment regimens; thus, the results cannot be directly compared. In the 8-month group, 70% had a favorable outcome, 14% abandoned, 9% failed, 3% died, and 3% relapsed. In the 12-month group, 53% had a favorable outcome, 34% abandoned, 6% failed, 4% died, and 2% relapsed. In patients who did not abandon treatment, the results of both regimens were nearly identical. Patients in both groups who had been treated previously had significantly lower rates of cure than those not treated previously. PMID- 3901843 TI - Independently measured oxygen consumption during reduction of oxygen delivery by positive end-expiratory pressure. AB - Oxygen consumption (VO2) is often assumed to be fixed by metabolic demand, but some investigators have found VO2 linearly dependent on O2 delivery (QT-CaO2) during positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) trials for the adult respiratory distress syndrome. However, in those studies VO2 was calculated using the same cardiac output (QT) and O2 content measurements used to calculate the O2 delivery to which it was being compared. We therefore obtained independent measurements of VO2, QT, and oxygen contents under 3 conditions in 21 dogs: 14 normal dogs, each receiving varying degrees of PEEP or central venous obstruction, and 7 dogs receiving PEEP after developing pulmonary edema from intravenously infused oleic acid. In all groups, VO2 measured from expired gas analysis remained unchanged until QT-CaO2 was reduced to below 13 ml/kg/min. The VO2 was then linearly dependent on QT-CaO2. We conclude that this reduction in VO2 is due to severe QT CaO2 reduction and not to any special effect of PEEP or lung injury. PMID- 3901844 TI - Intermittent positive-pressure hyperventilation with high inflation pressures produces pulmonary microvascular injury in rats. AB - The mechanisms by which intermittent positive-pressure ventilation with high inflation pressure (HIPPV) induces pulmonary edema remain uncertain. In this study we investigated the physiologic and anatomic changes related to HIPPV at 45 cmH2O peak inspiratory pressure in rats. Edema was quantified by the extravascular lung water obtained from postmortem weighing and by 22Na distribution space. Pulmonary microvascular permeability was assessed by dry lung weight and fractional albumin uptake. After only 5 min of HIPPV, there was a significant increase in Na space, dry lung weight, and fractional albumin uptake when compared with that in control rats mechanically ventilated at 7 cmH2O peak inspiratory pressure. These changes suggest that edema may be due at least in part to alterations in microvascular permeability. Moderate peribronchovascular edema was present. At the ultrastructural level, some endothelial cells were found detached from their basement membrane. This lesion has been previously described in other types of pulmonary microvascular injury. The above findings remained almost unchanged after 10 min of HIPPV. After 20 min of HIPPV, we observed the outpouring of a high protein content alveolar flooding accompanied by a further significant increase in fractional albumin uptake and dry lung weight. Additional anatomic damage appeared including epithelial lesions and hyaline membranes. Thus, HIPPV edema presents all the features of high permeability edema. These results may be of concern in the ventilatory management of patients with acute respiratory failure in order to avoid additional damages induced by local overinflation. PMID- 3901845 TI - Gastroplasty conversion to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass at the lesser curvature due to weight loss failure. AB - From January 1982 to April 1984, 20 patients with lesser curvature gastroplasty had conversion to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass at the lesser curvature for failure to lose more than 50 per cent of excess body weight within 12 months of the original gastroplasty. The average excess weight of these patients before gastroplasty was 103 lb, and the average excess weight before conversion to gastric bypass was 73 lb. The average weight loss after gastric bypass was doubled within 6 to 15 months. Only one patient failed to lose weight after conversion to gastric bypass, and this patient had endocrine problems. Late surgical complications occurred in two patients (10%); one had cholecystectomy and the other had vagotomy and hiatus hernia repair. There were no mortalities in this series. PMID- 3901846 TI - The importance of accurate angiography in determining the approach to chronic traumatic thoracic aneurysm of the aortic arch. AB - The successful treatment of a chronic traumatic thoracic aneurysm of the aortic arch is described. The use of median sternotomy, cardiopulmonary bypass, and circulatory arrest was essential in the successful treatment of this particular patient. Accurate angiography was critical in defining the detailed pathologic anatomy, which allowed planning of the appropriate operative approach. PMID- 3901847 TI - The post endarterectomy carotid bruit. Evaluation by Duplex scan. AB - The presence of a bruit after carotid endarterectomy may indicate a persistent or recurrent lesion. The authors noninvasively evaluated, by Duplex scanning, 18 asymptomatic postoperative patients who underwent a total of 23 carotid endarterectomies and who developed a postoperative bruit to determine the significance of the bruit. Eleven men and seven women were studied from 6 weeks to 2 years postsurgery. Ages ranged from 49 to 75 years (63.6 +/- 8.0 years). Indications for endarterectomy were: transient ischemic attacks (including amaurosis fugax), 17 vessels; completed stroke with significant functional recovery and residual carotid disease, 3 vessels; and asymptomatic bruit with hemodynamically significant carotid stenosis, 3 vessels. Each patient had a Duplex scan performed to noninvasively evaluate the carotid artery. All scans were independently reviewed by two observers. Real-time B images were interpreted as normal in 14 vessels, mild thickening in eight vessels, and moderate thickening in only one vessel. Doppler recordings demonstrated a spectral range of 15-40 cm/sec (26 +/- 8 cm/sec). Ratio of velocity in the internal carotid artery to common carotid artery (VIC/VCC) ranged from 0.389 to 1.281 (0.779 +/- 0.250). This study demonstrates that the presence of a postoperative carotid bruit does not necessarily signify the presence of residual carotid disease or a hemodynamically significant lesion. PMID- 3901849 TI - The current status of breast imaging. AB - The use of the various methods available for breast imaging are described and recommendations are made for the appropriate use of the different modalities. When applicable, benefits versus risks are considered. The currently recommended schedule for mammographic screening is presented. The technique for localizing nonpalpable suspicious lesions detected during screening mammography is discussed. PMID- 3901848 TI - Infectivity of vascular sutures. AB - Bacterial adherence to vascular sutures was evaluated in vitro using radioactively labeled Staphylococcus aureus. The following suture materials were tested: polypropylene, silicone-treated braided polyester, and Teflon-treated braided polyester. Significantly fewer bacteria adhered to the monofilament polypropylene than either of the braided polyester sutures. There was no significant difference between silicone-treated and Teflon-treated polyester from the standpoint of bacterial adherence. Vascular sutures were evaluated in vivo using a mouse wound model. Sutures were tested with and without knots. When tested without knots, fewer bacteria were recovered from wounds containing polypropylene suture compared to either of the braided materials, although this apparent advantage did not prove to be statistically significant. When studied with knots, the differences among types of suture were much less marked and, again, not significant. The purported contribution of the monofilament structure of a suture to its infection resistance may have been overstated. PMID- 3901850 TI - Use of digital subtraction angiography in the diagnosis of splenic artery aneurysms. AB - A 64-year-old woman with thalassemia presented with fullness of the upper abdomen. Calcification in the left upper quadrant suggested splenic artery aneurysm. The diagnosis was confirmed by arterial injection digital angiography. The patient had a benign course following resection of the aneurysm. This is the first reported incidence of the noted hemoglobinopathy occurring in conjunction with a visceral aneurysm. Digital subtraction angiography has not been previously reported in the diagnostic evaluation of visceral artery aneurysms. PMID- 3901851 TI - The natural history of Kaposi's sarcoma in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. AB - Kaposi's sarcoma is a multifocal systemic neoplasm histologically characterized by proliferating fibroblastic and microvascular elements. Initial signs include macules, papules, or nodules on the skin or mucosal surface. Lesions are frequently found on the trunk, arms, and head and neck. In general, sites of involvement and tumor load do not correlate with prognosis. A general decrease in the functional capacities of T and B cells is found in most patients. Kaposi's sarcoma is reported as the initial manifestation of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in approximately 30% of cases. Most cases are in men, although it has been reported in all risk groups. Kaposi's sarcoma in AIDS is more frequent among whites and homosexuals than blacks and intravenous drug abusers. Overall mortality is approximately 41%, with over 60% of patients alive at 1 year and 50% at 22 months. Overall survival is 18 months; however, some patients who have had the disease for 3 to 4 years are still doing well. PMID- 3901853 TI - Computer searching of the medical literature. An evaluation of MEDLINE searching systems. AB - Although clinicians can now search the medical literature electronically from the clinic, bedside, or operating suite, little is known about the performance characteristics of online information services. Fourteen access routes to the MEDLINE database of journal literature were compared for retrieval quantity and quality, user and online search time, and cost for randomly ordered, standardized searches on common clinical problems. All routes produced the articles we judged to be the most definitive on the clinical problem. However, routes differed significantly (p less than 0.01) for the same searches with respect to online time (range, 5.15 to 18.72 minutes), total search time (8.37 to 20.55 minutes), cost (US $3.38 to $11.62), and proportion of articles relevant to the topic (98% to 75%). "User friendliness" aside, our results showed that the higher the cost, the worse the product. Clinicians should consider these major differences when deciding which search system to use. PMID- 3901854 TI - [Madness in Zola II. Interaction of madness in La Joie de Vivre. 3. The unconscious in the text and the work of mourning]. AB - The third part of this psychopathological study of La Joie de vivre d'Emile Zola (The gladness of life) is turned to the author-himself taken into the novel. We introduce a difference between the author and the person. In the first movement we study the author's position on the absurdity of the existence. The next part touches the author himself in the narrative suite. The text is analysed in a psychopathological manner in an auto-analysis way through a work of mourning. This operation is a real psychotherapy which conducts to an anthropogenic present to the Self in to himself. PMID- 3901852 TI - Pentamidine for the treatment of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and other protozoal diseases. AB - Pentamidine isethionate, discovered to have antiprotozoal activity in 1938, has recently been approved in the United States for the treatment of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Despite frequent adverse reactions, which are at times life threatening, pentamidine remains an important alternative to trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole for the treatment of P. carinii pneumonia in patients with a history of allergy to sulfonamides or who have severe reactions or a lack of response to treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Although not approved for other indications, pentamidine has been shown to be effective when used prophylactically against Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, the cause of West African sleeping sickness, as well as for treatment of the early hemolymphatic stage of that disease, and for treatment of some forms of leishmaniasis. PMID- 3901855 TI - [Ludwig, Vincent and Salvador, or Le mort saisit le vif]. PMID- 3901856 TI - [A historical approach to the doctrine of degeneration and psychopathic constitution]. PMID- 3901857 TI - Orbital cellulitis secondary to dacryocystitis following blepharoplasty. AB - The authors report what they believe to be the first case of a blepharoplasty procedure complicated by an acute postoperative dacryocystitis that precipitated orbital cellulitis. The patient had a preoperatively compromised nasolacrimal drainage system. Because acute dacryocystitis and resulting orbital cellulitis are potential postoperative complications of a blepharoplasty, blepharoplasty candidates should undergo preoperative evaluation of their nasolacrimal drainage systems. PMID- 3901859 TI - [High-frequency positive-pressure respiration in newborn infants. Preliminary study apropos of 38 cases]. PMID- 3901858 TI - Bronchomalacia in the neonate. AB - Congenital bronchomalacia is a disease typically associated with infants between 1 and 12 months of age; cases in children less than 1 month of age are rare. Bronchomalacia is commonly associated with tracheomalacia and rarely warrants operative intervention. Three cases of bronchomalacia are presented, including two unusual cases of bronchomalacia associated with neuromuscular disorder, one complicated by hypotonia. These patients required ventilatory support in the form of continuous positive airway pressure to prevent lobar collapse. Following tracheobronchial and neuromuscular maturation, these infants were able to weaned from respiratory assistance without further sequelae. Bronchomalacia is discussed, the literature reviewed, and the standard therapies presented. The results indicate a possible relationship between neuromuscular disorders and respiratory collapse. PMID- 3901860 TI - [A case of neonatal tetanus with favorable outcome]. PMID- 3901861 TI - Recognition of carotid artery disease. AB - Ultrasound scanning of the carotid arteries in the neck was carried out in twelve hundred and eighty eight patients from 1979-1984 leading to 80 carotid endarterectomies. An ATL Duplex scanner was used to show localised atheroma at the origin of the internal carotid artery. In an arteriographic study, a localised carotid murmur was identified in 51 of 117 (44%) of carotid ulcers/stenoses. Major complications of 135 carotid angiograms included one death (0.7%) and four strokes (3%). Duplex scanning is a safe and rapid screening method for detecting carotid atheroma. With a current annual work load of 300 scans, 45 arteriograms and 15 endarterectomies, the screening/treatment ratio is 20:1. PMID- 3901862 TI - The control of pain after Keller's procedure--a controlled double blind prospective trial with local anaesthetic and placebo. AB - In patients undergoing bilateral Keller's arthroplasty the effect of injecting a long acting local anaesthetic into the pseudoarthrosis immediately after skin closure was compared to placebo into the other side in twenty patients. In a controlled double blind prospective trial, local anaesthetic proved to provide significantly better analgesia than the placebo and gave a lasting pain free interval. This procedure was simple, safe, inexpensive and free from complications. PMID- 3901863 TI - Professor Rutherford Morison--1853-1939. PMID- 3901864 TI - Staples for wound closure: a controlled trial. AB - Skin staples were compared with two conventional suture methods for speed, convenience, effectiveness and cost. One hundred and ninety-five patients having linear abdominal incisions were randomly allocated to one of three methods of interrupted skin closure--polypropylene sutures, polyglactin sutures or stainless steel staples and the wounds were assessed over 30 days. The mean rate of wound closure using sutures was 4.2 cm per minute while staples were faster at 22.5 cm per minute and saved an average of three minutes per wound. The time saved was considerably greater with long incisions. Staples cost 50p more per 15 cm wound than either suture. In other respects the three methods were comparable except that polyglactin caused the least wound pain. We believe the advantages of speed and convenience of skin staples outweigh the extra cost, provided the disposable instruments are reused until empty. PMID- 3901866 TI - Sir Gilbert Blane Bt (1749-1834) PMID- 3901867 TI - Does mass closure of midline laparotomies stand the test of time. PMID- 3901865 TI - The transoral approach to the base of the brain and upper cervical cord. AB - The transoral surgical approach allows access to structures from the sphenoid sinus rostrally to the fourth cervical vertebral body caudally. It is particularly useful for lesions at the anterior aspect of the craniocervical junction. Relief of the spinal cord compression in rheumatoid atlantoaxial subluxation can be achieved by this route. Removal of extradural and intradural tumours is possible using microsurgical techniques and watertight dural closure with the aid of fibrin glue. PMID- 3901868 TI - [Ultrasonic symptomatology of parotid tumors and histo-ultrasonic correlations. Apropos of 70 cases]. PMID- 3901869 TI - [Ultrasonic monitoring of the grafted kidney. Rejection crisis. Correlations with renal puncture-biopsy]. PMID- 3901870 TI - [Hepatic colic probably due to congenital portal cavernoma. Contribution of ultrasonics]. PMID- 3901871 TI - On the structural and physiological basis of the influence of exercise, movement and immobilization in inflammatory joint diseases. AB - In inflammatory joint diseases the protein concentration often is high in the synovial fluid and, in rheumatoid arthritis at least, probably also in the extra articular connective tissue. This alters the Starling equilibrium. Peculiarities of the circulation of blood and lymph in articular units and basic physiological principles might explain not only why this readily manifests as joint effusions, but also the influence of exercise, movement, immobilization and posture on the activity of non-bacterial synovitides. PMID- 3901872 TI - Infection in patients with rheumatoid arthritis with special reference to rheumatoid surgery. PMID- 3901873 TI - Hip replacement arthroplasty in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Numerous factors conspire to make hip replacement arthroplasty for rheumatoid arthritis different from the same operation in osteo-arthritis. Patients are frequently younger, arousing fears that the patient will outlive the prosthesis. However this factor is more than counterbalanced by the constraints imposed by the disease in other joints: polyarticular involvement usually protects the hip arthroplasty from weight-bearing stress thus prolonging its life. Protrusio acetabuli, uncommon in osteo-arthritis is the commonest presentation in rheumatoid arthritis because of the concentric cartilage degradation which erodes the acetabulum medially and proximally. In arthroplasty for protrusio, a plea is made for grafting of the floor of the acetabulum with solid bone derived usually from the femoral head. This offers a stronger and more physiological support for the acetabular component than synthetic devices. The hip is often only one of the many joints requiring arthroplasty to maintain locomotor function in severe cases of rheumatoid and the results of multiple operations are usually very gratifying. However, any form of surgery may be contra-indicated in a patient enfeebled by prolonged immobilisation from involvement of multiple joints. Late infection of cemented prosthesis is commoner in rheumatoid than in osteo-arthritis: such patients need antibiotic cover during transient bacteraemia from any cause such as dental extraction, trivial infections etc. PMID- 3901874 TI - The effect of renal transplantation on gastric acid secretion and on the serum levels of gastrin and group I pepsinogens. AB - To gain further understanding of the peptic complications encountered in renal transplant surgery, 84 patients (19 with chronic renal failure on dietary treatment, 29 on regular dialysis treatment, 36 with a well-functioning renal transplant) were studied with regard to gastric acid secretion capacity and serum concentrations of gastrin and group I pepsinogens (PG I). The mean duration of preoperative dialysis treatment of the dialysed patients was 13.7 months. The mean length of postoperative follow-up of the transplant patients was 10.1 months. There was no significant difference between the mean gastric acid secretion of the three groups of patients. All the means were within the reported reference interval for healthy controls. However, 26% of the non-dialysed, 17% of the dialysed and 28% of the transplant patients had gastric hyposecretion. The mean serum concentration of gastrin was elevated in all patient groups and unaffected by normalization of renal function through transplantation, unlike PG I, which was normalized by the procedure. Thus, in the present era of treatment of chronic renal failure with a relatively short period of dialysis treatment, the frequent gastric hypoacidity, which is known to be peculiar to non-dialysed uraemic patients, seems also to characterize dialysis and transplant patients. PMID- 3901875 TI - Bronchodilator combinations in animals and in man. AB - Combined bronchodilator effects of the beta 2-agonist pirbuterol and theophylline were studied in anaesthetized rats and in asthmatic outpatients. In rats, pirbuterol was more effective than aminophylline in reducing methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction without counteracting associated hypotension. In combination they caused additive bronchodilatation. In asthmatic patients, the combination pirbuterol + theophylline + hydroxyzine was as effective as the control combination ephedrine + theophylline + hydroxyzine, both differing significantly from the placebo. Thus, a beta 2-agonist may not be superior to ephedrine in these combinations. PMID- 3901876 TI - [Homologies between integral proteins of the inner membrane of binding protein transport systems in enterobacteria]. AB - Binding protein-dependent transport systems from Enterobacteriaceae comprise a periplasmic binding protein and three proteins associated with the inner membrane. Of these, two appear to be integral membrane proteins. We describe here a sequence which is highly conserved between these two proteins in the case of the system for maltose transport in Escherichia coli. This sequence is also present in all of the known integral membrane proteins from binding protein dependent transport systems. It is remarkable that this sequence is located at a constant distance of approximatively 90 residues from the COOH-terminal ends of these proteins. Some implications of these observations are discussed. PMID- 3901877 TI - Incorporation of 32P into the phospholipids of Mycobacterium leprae. PMID- 3901878 TI - [Distinction between the primary structures of TEM-1 and TEM-2 beta-lactamases]. AB - TEM-1 and TEM-2 beta-lactamases were shown to contain a disulphide bond. When the amino acid compositions of the two proteins were determined, the TEM-2 enzyme exhibited one more lysine residue and one less glutamine (or glutamic acid) residue than the TEM-1 enzyme. This substitution was located at the 14th N terminal residue, as shown by structural analysis of Staphylococcus aureus protease peptides separated by high performance liquid chromatography. From these results, the Ambler and Scott sequence can be attributed to TEM-2 and the Sutcliffe sequence to TEM-1. PMID- 3901879 TI - Epidemiological markers of Shigella sonnei infections: R-plasmid fingerprinting, phage-typing and biotyping. AB - In 1980, the number of Shigella sonnei strains isolated in Sicily increased markedly. Approximately 80% of the isolates belonged to phage-type 3 and showed the same antibiotic resistance pattern, suggesting that an epidemic had been going on for several months. Plasmid analysis of strains isolated at various times in different places supported this view. Agarose gel electrophoresis of plasmid preparations from seven selected phage-type 3 isolates showed the presence of two plasmids, of 80 megadaltons (Mdal) and 55 Mdal, respectively. In addition, all but one harboured a 2.8-Mdal plasmid, while a 30-Mdal and a 47-Mdal plasmid were, respectively, present in two other isolates. The 80-Mdal plasmid was self-transmissible to Escherichia coli K12, which acquired "en bloc" the resistance patterns of the donor strains. All the self-transmissible R plasmids fell into the incompatibility group I1 and showed a similar endonuclease cleavage pattern. An S. sonnei strain which was isolated during the same period, but did not belong to phage-type 3, exhibited a totally different plasmid pattern. We can conclude that phage-typing and R-plasmid characterization (i.e. incompatibility group, molecular weight and endonuclease cleavage pattern) represent the most reliable methods for epidemiologic study of S. sonnei isolates. PMID- 3901880 TI - A replica plating technique for in vitro study of susceptibility of Candida albicans to miconazole, econazole and ketoconazole: some data for standardization. AB - We report our studies in vitro on the activity of ketoconazole (KZ), econazole and miconazole on 115 isolates of Candida albicans of clinical origin tested by an agar dilution method with three different culture media: yeast morphology agar, Sabouraud maltose agar and Casitone agar (CA). The antifungal effects of the imidazole compounds (IC) were strongest in CA. Eighty percent of the strains were inhibited by 0.1 micrograms/ml of KZ, the most active drug. The frequent appearance of "veil growth" at higher concentrations of the IC made the exact determination of the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) difficult. Microscopic examination of the growth on plates at the highest drug dilutions was performed and the results compared with a replica plating technique of IC plates on other plates with antibiotic-free media. The following were observed: a) a residual capacity of cell division of Candida strains even in the presence of high antifungal concentrations to which they are considered sensitive; and b) a certain viability (7% of the cases) of some fungal cells in the residual growth, particularly in those strains with higher conventional MIC. A standardized methodology is needed for the clinical evaluation of the susceptibility tests of Candida to the imidazolic compounds. PMID- 3901882 TI - Rehabilitation counselor education: a state of the art perspective. PMID- 3901881 TI - Quantitative determination of dibekacin using radioimmunoassay, substrate labelled fluorescent immunoassay and rate nephelometric inhibition immunoassay for tobramycin. AB - Radioimmunoassay, rate nephelometric inhibition immunoassay and substrate labelled fluorescent immunoassay were employed for the quantitative determination of dibekacin in serum. The cross-reactivity of the antibody provided with each assay allowed the use of tobramycin assay procedures for measuring dibekacin concentrations. With radioimmunoassay and nephelometric immunoassay, a dibekacin calibration curve was required, whereas fluorescent immunoassay was directly suitable for dibekacin assay, with cross-reactivity of nearly 100%. This allows the purchase of one assay kit for testing two antibiotics and thus reduces the cost to medical laboratories. PMID- 3901883 TI - Rehabilitation of the chronic schizophrenic: areas of intervention. PMID- 3901884 TI - Neonatal group B streptococcal infections. PMID- 3901885 TI - GBS: the childhood and adolescent years. PMID- 3901886 TI - Epidemiology of GBS in man. PMID- 3901887 TI - The Ibc proteins. PMID- 3901888 TI - The R-proteins. PMID- 3901889 TI - Immunoelectron microscopical demonstration of the cell wall and capsular antigens of GBS. PMID- 3901890 TI - Pathogenic mechanisms in neonatal GBS infection. PMID- 3901891 TI - Cellular and humoral aspects of host defense mechanisms against GBS. PMID- 3901892 TI - Methods of assessment and importance of opsonic activity for GBS. PMID- 3901893 TI - The incidence of GBS disease in neonates in different countries. PMID- 3901894 TI - The role of complement in opsonization of GBS. PMID- 3901895 TI - Immunological characterization of mothers of infants with neonatal GBS infection: definition of a risk group. PMID- 3901896 TI - Maternal humoral immunity and neonatal GBS infection: studies in a primate model. PMID- 3901897 TI - Phagocytosis and killing of GBS in an experimental animal model. PMID- 3901898 TI - GBS infections in the newborn infant: diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 3901899 TI - GBS infections in mothers and their infants. PMID- 3901900 TI - Gammaglobulin as a measure for treating neonatal GBS infections. PMID- 3901901 TI - Intravenous administration of human IgG to newborn infants: changes in serum antibody levels to GBS. PMID- 3901902 TI - Monoclonal antibody preparations for immunotherapy of experimental GBS infection. PMID- 3901903 TI - GBS colonisation in mothers and babies. PMID- 3901904 TI - Vaccination as a measure for prevention of neonatal GBS infection. PMID- 3901906 TI - Chlorhexidine for prevention of neonatal colonization with GBS. PMID- 3901905 TI - The soluble antigens of GBS as human vaccines. PMID- 3901907 TI - Nomenclature of GBS antigens. PMID- 3901908 TI - Epidemiological aspects of human/animal interrelationship in GBS. PMID- 3901909 TI - The nomenclature of GBS. PMID- 3901910 TI - The bacteriology of GBS. PMID- 3901911 TI - GBS enzymes, hemolysin, toxins and other products. PMID- 3901912 TI - Antimicrobial susceptibility of GBS. PMID- 3901913 TI - Cell structure and antigenic composition of GBS. PMID- 3901914 TI - [Kinetics of the antimicrobial effect in a dynamic system: the microcalorimetric recording method and choice of parameters for characterizing kinetic curves]. AB - The kinetics of the in-vitro antimicrobial effect of sisomicin on E. coli, A 20363 was studied microcalorimetrically in a dynamic model simulating the pharmacokinetic profiles (intramuscular administration in a dose of 1 mg/kg) of the antibiotic obeying the one-compartmental model with first-order absorption. The microcalorimetric method was more accurate than the count of the colony forming units (CFU). Unlike the CFU method, it permits continuous recording of the process and unlike the turbidimetric method, it is more sensitive and selective. For quantitative characteristic of the curves of the antimicrobial effect kinetics it is suggested to use a new parameter, the effect duration (Td) which is determined by the difference in the moment of the antibiotic administration into the dynamic model (Tin) and the moment (Tout) when the rate of heat production or the number of the CFU or the optical density during the microbial secondary growth was the same as that at Tin. It was shown that the values of Td estimated in experiments with recording of the antimicrobial effect by different methods are similar. Evaluation of Td may be useful in predicting the optimal dosing intervals. PMID- 3901915 TI - [Cycloserine in the treatment of pyelonephritis against relapse]. PMID- 3901916 TI - Monoclonal antibodies and immobilized antibodies. Patents and literature. PMID- 3901917 TI - Destruction of the outer membrane permeability barrier of Escherichia coli by heat treatment. AB - Heat treatment of a wild-type Escherichia coli strain at 55 degrees C in 50 mM Tris-hydrochloride buffer with or without 10 mM magnesium sulfate or HEPES (N-2 hydroxyethylpiperazine-N'-2-ethanesulfonic acid) buffer at pH 8.0 caused an increase in cell surface hydrophobicity. By determining the location of n hexadecane droplets attached to cells by phase-contrast microscopy, the septal and polar regions of heated cells appeared to become the most frequently hydrophobic. Some of the lipopolysaccharide molecules in the outer membrane were released from heated cells, and the cells became susceptible to the hydrolytic action of added phospholipase C. Heat-treated cells also became permeable to the hydrophobic dye crystal violet, which was added externally. The release of part of the outer membrane by heat treatment appeared to bring about the disorganization of the outer membrane structure and, as a consequence, to result in the partial disruption of the permeability barrier function of the outer membrane. Tris was found to enhance damage to the outer membrane by heat. PMID- 3901918 TI - Models for the kinetics of biodegradation of organic compounds not supporting growth. AB - We developed 12 models of kinetics to describe the metabolism of organic substrates that are not supporting bacterial growth. These models can be used to describe the biodegradation of organic compounds that are not supporting growth when the responsible populations are growing logistically, logarithmically, or linearly or are not increasing in numbers. Nonlinear regression analysis was used to fit patterns of mineralization by two bacteria to these kinetic models. Pseudomonas acidovorans mineralized 1 ng of phenol per ml while growing exponentially at the expense of uncharacterized organic carbon in a synthetic medium. Phenol at a concentration of 1 ng/ml did not affect the growth of P. acidovorans. These data were best fit by the model that incorporates the equation for logarithmic growth and assumes a concentration of test substrate well below its Km value. In the absence of a second substrate, glucose at concentrations below those supporting growth was mineralized by Salmonella typhimurium in a manner best described by pseudo first-order kinetics. In the presence of different concentrations of arabinose, however, the kinetics of glucose mineralization by S. typhimurium reflected linear, logistic, or logarithmic growth of the population on arabinose. We conclude that the kinetics of mineralization of organic compounds at concentrations too low to support growth are best described either by the first-order model or by models that incorporate expressions for the kinetics of growth of the metabolizing population on other substrates. When growth is at the expense of other substrates, the kinetics observed reflect such growth, as well as the concentration of the substrate of interest.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3901919 TI - Sensitivity to bile salts of Shigella flexneri sublethally heat stressed in buffer or broth. AB - Batch cultures of Shigella flexneri M4243 were grown at 37 degrees C in broth to early stationary phase, washed, and heated at 50 degrees C in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.0). Cells were surface plated on a tryptic phytone glucose agar (TPGA), TPGA with 0.15 or 0.85% bile salts no. 3 (TPGA-BS 0.15 or TPGA-BS 0.85), or TPGA with 0.25 or 0.50% sodium deoxycholate (TPGA-DC 0.25 or TPGA-DC 0.50). Cells sampled after no heating produced colony counts on TPGA-BS 0.85 or on TPGA DC 0.50 that were no more than about 0.5 log lower than for unheated cell samples plated on TPGA. Cells heated at 50 degrees C for 30 min produced colony counts on TPGA-DC 0.50 or on TPGA-BS 0.85 that were about 1.5 logs lower than on TPGA. Cells heated for 30 min and shifted to TPG broth at 37 degrees C to allow resuscitation required about 2 h to regain tolerance to 0.85% BS. However, heated cells resuscitated on solid TPGA at 35 degrees C before being challenged with overlays of TPGA-BS 0.85 or TPGA-DC 0.50 required 6 to 8 h on TPGA to regain tolerance to 0.85% BS or 0.50% DC. To regain tolerance to overlays of 0.15% BS or 0.25% DC, heated cells required resuscitation periods on TPGA of about 2 or 2 to 6 h, respectively. Cells heated in TPG broth and sampled after no heating produced colony counts on TPGA that were about 1.5 logs lower than for unheated cell suspensions, suggesting greater apparent injury when heat stressed in broth than in buffer.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3901920 TI - Changes in virulence of waterborne enteropathogens with chlorine injury. AB - We designed experiments to assess the effect of chlorine injury on the virulence of waterborne enteropathogens. Higher chlorine doses (0.9 to 1.5 mg/liter) were necessary to produce injured Yersinia enterocolitica, Salmonella typhimurium, and Shigella spp. than to produce injured enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli or coliform bacteria (0.25 to 0.5 mg/liter) in the test system used; 50% lethal dose experiments in which mice were used showed that injured Y. enterocolitica cells were 20 times less virulent than uninjured control cells (3,300 and 160 CFU, respectively). This decrease in virulence was not related to reduced attachment to Henle 407 intestinal epithelial cells, but could be related to a loss of HeLa cell invasiveness. In contrast, injured S. typhimurium and enterotoxigenic E. coli cells lost their ability to attach to Henle cells. These data show that some enteropathogens and coliform bacteria differ in their sensitivities to chlorine injury and that the virulence determinants affected by chlorine may vary from one pathogen to another. PMID- 3901921 TI - Survival and enumeration of the fecal indicators Bifidobacterium adolescentis and Escherichia coli in a tropical rain forest watershed. AB - The density of Bifidobacterium spp., fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli, and total anaerobic bacteria, acridine orange direct counts, percentages of total bacterial community activity and respiration, and 12 physical and chemical parameters were measured simultaneously at six sites for 12 months in the Mameyes River rain forest watershed, Puerto Rico. The densities of all bacteria were higher than those reported for uncontaminated temperate rivers, even though other water quality parameters would indicate that all uncontaminated sites were oligotrophic. The highest densities for all indicator bacteria were at the site receiving sewage effluent; however, the highest elevation site in the watershed had the next highest densities. Correlations between bacterial densities, nitrates, temperature, phosphates, and total phosphorus indicated that all viable counts were related to nutrient levels, regardless of the site sampled. In situ diffusion chamber studies at two different sites indicated that E. coli could survive, remain physiologically active, and regrow at rates that were dependent on nutrient levels of the ambient waters. Bifidobacterium adolescentis did not survive at either site but did show different rates of decline and physiological activity at the two sites. Bifidobacteria show promise as a better indicator of recent fecal contamination in tropical freshwaters than E. coli or fecal coliforms; however, the YN-6 medium did not prove to be effective for enumeration of bifidobacteria. The coliform maximum contaminant levels for assessing water usability for drinking and recreation appear to be unworkable in tropical freshwaters. PMID- 3901922 TI - Droplet enrichment factors of pigmented and nonpigmented Serratia marcescens: possible selective function for prodigiosin. AB - Drops produced by bursting bubbles provide a mechanism for the water-to-air transfer and concentration of matter. Bacteria can adsorb to air bubbles rising through bacterial suspensions and enrich the drops formed by the bubbles upon breaking, creating atmospheric biosols which function in dispersal. This bacterial enrichment can be quantified as an enrichment factor (EF), calculated as the ratio of the concentration of bacteria in the drop to that of the bulk bacterial suspension. Bubbles were produced in suspensions of pigmented (prodigiosin-producing) and nonpigmented cultures of Serratia marcescens. EFs for pigmented cultures were greater than EFs for nonpigmented cells. Pigmented cells appeared hydrophobic based on their partitioning in two-phase systems of polyethylene glycol 6000 and dextran T500. The surface hydrophobicity of pigmented cells may result from the hydrophobic nature of prodigiosin and could account for the greater ability of these bacteria to adsorb to air bubbles and enrich airborne droplets. Enhancement of the aerosolization of S. marcescens may be a selective function of the bacterial secondary metabolite prodigiosin. PMID- 3901923 TI - Ethylene dibromide transformation under methanogenic conditions. AB - Ethylene dibromide present at a low concentration (less than 100 micrograms/liter) was transformed by reductive dehalogenation under methanogenic conditions in batch bacterial cultures and in a continuous-flow, methanogenic, fixed-film, laboratory-scale column. PMID- 3901924 TI - Regulatory control and standardization of allergenic extracts. Clinical studies with "standardized" extracts. PMID- 3901925 TI - Identification of heterogeneous and microheterogeneous subunits of glutathione S transferase in rat liver cytosol. AB - Subunits of multiple molecular forms of dimeric glutathione S-transferase in rat liver cytosol were analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (isoelectric focusing/sodium dodecyl sulfate-electrophoresis) followed by staining with Coomassie blue dye. The five subunits, Ya, Yb, Yb', Yc, and Yp (Mr's 26,500, 27,500, 27,500, 28,500, and 26,000, respectively) of seven molecular forms, A2, AC, C2, B2, BL, L2, and GST-P, were identified by comparison of molecular weights and pI values with those of purified molecular forms and by immunoadsorption of the molecular forms in the cytosol as well as those synthesized in vitro using antibodies against the seven forms. Yp is the subunit of placental glutathione S transferase, GST-P (YpYp), which is markedly increased in carcinogen-treated rat livers [A. Kitahara et al. (1984) Cancer Res. 44, 2698-2703; K. Satoh et al. (1985) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82, 3964-3968]. Microheterogeneity was detectable within Yb, Yb', and Yp subunits, the different forms, termed Yb1, Yb2, Yb'1, Yb'2, and Yp1, Yp2, being similar in size but differing by approx. 0.3 pI unit within each subunit. These microheterogeneous forms were also detectable in the polypeptides translated in vitro in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate translation system from liver poly(A)-containing RNAs, suggesting that they are translatable from distinct mRNAs. PMID- 3901926 TI - Interactions between thylakoid electron transfer complexes. I. In vitro kinetic studies with isolated photosystem II and cytochrome b6-f complexes. AB - The cytochrome b6-f complex from spinach thylakoids has been reconstituted with an oxygen-evolving Photosystem II (PSII) preparation isolated from the same source to give oxygenic plastocyanin reductase activity. We observe that (i) mixing of the two complexes in concentrated form prior to dilution with the assay medium is necessary for optimal reconstitution of activity; (ii) incubation for longer times after dilution can also give substantial reconstitution if the two complexes are added separately to the assay mixture; (iii) either monovalent or divalent cations are required for optimum activity in the reconstituted system; (iv) titration of the cytochrome complex with varying amounts of the PSII complex gave a saturation of the plastocyanin reduction activity at a cytochrome complex/PSII ratio of 3-4; (v) kinetic analysis of plastocyanin photoreduction by Photosystem II shows nonlinearity, while first-order reduction kinetics are observed with duroquinol as electron donor; and (vi) as the concentration of plastocyanin is increased, the half-time of the reduction increases. These observations are considered in terms of a functional association between PSII and the cytochrome b6-f complex in this reconstituted system, and the relevance of these observations to the situation in vivo is discussed. PMID- 3901927 TI - Synthesis of messenger-like RNA in avian erythrocyte nuclei. AB - Cell ghosts have been prepared from mature chicken erythrocytes using 0.05% saponin. Such preparations are capable of incorporating label from [3H]UTP and provide a system, where the nucleus is permeable to nucleotides and macromolecules, for studying the low-level RNA synthesis characteristic of these cells. RNase A (50 micrograms/ml) eliminated all radioactivity binding to DE-81 filters, indicating that the product was RNA; and DNase (10 micrograms/ml) and actinomycin D (10 micrograms/ml) each inhibited UMP incorporation by 70%, suggesting that the synthesis was DNA-dependent. Polymerization was inhibited 90% by 0.1 microgram/ml alpha-amanitin, and maximum synthesis occurred in the presence of high salt (0.175 M KCl) and Mn2+ (0.5 mM). Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated that the newly synthesized RNA was heterogeneous in size, having a distribution from 5 to 60 S with a significant fraction migrating as 8-12 S. Approximately 15% of the total RNA was bound by an oligo(dT)-cellulose column, suggesting that some RNA processing was occurring, although attempts to detect the incorporation of label from [alpha-32P]GTP into a 5'-cap structure were unsuccessful. In comparison to RNA synthesis in reticulocyte nuclei, both the rate and extent of transcription in erythrocyte nuclei were much reduced. Moreover, about 25-30% of the reticulocyte nascent RNA was released from the nuclei during a 60-min incubation, while no release was observed for the erythrocyte nuclei. Hybridization of radiolabeled RNA to excess chicken DNA indicated that the majority (80%) of the in vitro transcripts were complementary to unique sequence DNA (C0t1/2 = 4.5 X 10(3)). When RNA synthesized by either erythrocyte or reticulocyte nuclei was hybridized to cDNA complementary to reticulocyte polysomal mRNA, about 8% of the reticulocyte nuclear RNA but less than 1% of the erythrocyte nuclear RNA were resistant to RNase A digestion. Taken together, these data suggest that nuclei prepared by saponin lysis of chicken erythrocytes synthesize messenger-like RNA via endogenous polymerase II activity. A fraction of this RNA is polyadenylated but contains few, if any, globin sequences or other transcripts found on reticulocyte polysomes. PMID- 3901928 TI - Infection and prematurity as the cause of linear skin atrophy, alopecia, anonychia, and tongue lesions? PMID- 3901929 TI - Pruritus in hepatic cholestasis. Pathogenesis and therapy. AB - Pruritus associated with hepatic cholestasis may cause significant morbidity. Current evidence indicates that bile acids may not be the pruritogenic factor. Rather, the factor may be some other cholephilic anion or anions that bind to cholestyramine resin and are photolabile. Effective treatment modalities used currently include cholestyramine resin and phenobarbital. Phototherapy is a promising modality in which the mechanism and most effective wavelengths remain to be elucidated. Analysis of the possible role of non-steady state bile acid compartmentalization in the pathogenesis of pruritus is presented. PMID- 3901930 TI - Dyskeratosis congenita in a girl simulating chronic graft-vs-host disease. AB - Dyskeratosis congenita (DCG) is a rare genodermatosis characterized primarily by reticular hyperpigmentation of the skin, dystrophy of the nails, and leukoplakia. It is frequently associated with Fanconi-type pancytopenia. Although DCG has a male predisposition, it has been reported in several female patients. We encountered a case of DCG occurring in a girl whose clinical features simulated chronic graft-vs-host disease (GVHD). Because DCG and chronic GVHD share several clinical and histologic features, physicians should always examine a patient for possible DCG whenever a diagnosis of chronic GVHD is considered. In addition, the similar manifestations of the two disorders suggest a similar pathogenesis on a cellular level in the immunologic system. PMID- 3901931 TI - Transient bullous dermolysis of the newborn. AB - A black male newborn delivered by cesarean section developed large bullae on his extremities and in other friction areas soon after birth. No significant family history was obtained. The bullae healed rapidly, leaving hypopigmentation but no scars or milia. Occasional new lesions continued to appear for four months but not after. Reexamination 12 months later showed a normal healthy infant with only residual hypopigmentation in some of the previously involved areas. Histologic and electron microscopic examinations revealed a subepidermal bulla that was ultrastructurally a subbasal lamina separation. Collagenolysis and damage to the anchoring fibrils were found to be responsible for this separation. Perifollicular collagen sheath was also damaged, but periductal collagen of eccrine duct was intact. Keratinocytes in the lower epidermis showed large, dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), which contained electron-dense stellate bodies. The contents of these RER vacuoles were discharged into the papillary dermis through the rupture of the basal lamina. The number and size of RER vacuoles in the lower epidermis correlated with the severity of collagenolysis in the underlying papillary dermis. The outer root sheath keratinocyte in the upper hair follicle contained RER vacuoles, but the eccrine duct keratinocyte did not. We suspected that the RER vacuoles contained proteolytic enzymes, which were responsible for the collagenolysis. PMID- 3901932 TI - Structure and evolution of echo dense lesions in the neonatal brain. A combined ultrasound and necropsy study. AB - Sixty seven of 216 infants weighing less than 2 kg at birth had cerebral lesions on ultrasonic scanning. Eight of 17 who had periventricular leukomalacia, with or without subependymal or intraventricular haemorrhage, or both, died. These and one larger baby were the subject of a combined ultrasound, and where appropriate, necropsy study. There was excellent correlation between the ultrasound and necropsy findings, only some of the earlier lesions of periventricular leukomalacia being missed by ultrasound. The data suggest it is now possible to distinguish periventricular leukomalacia and subependymal/intraventricular haemorrhage by ultrasound, that both lesions may be present in the same brain, that apparent parenchymal extension of an intraventricular haemorrhage is more probably the result of haemorrhage into ischaemic periventricular tissue, and that the term 'periventricular haemorrhage' should be abandoned since it confuses two lesions of differing aetiology and differing clinical importance. Future advances in neonatal brain ultrasound depend on accurate assessment of both the nature and site of lesions within the cerebral hemispheres and ventricular system since the interpretation of these parameters is of critical importance. PMID- 3901933 TI - Transient sexual precocity and ovarian cysts. AB - Nine girls presenting under the age of 7 years with unsustained sexual precocity are described. Large ovarian cysts were detected by ultrasound in three and laparotomy in one. In two girls the symptoms resolved after surgical removal of the cyst; the other seven had spontaneous remission of symptoms, but in two of these transient breast development and bleeding recurred: further ovarian cyst formation was found in one of these patients. Endocrine studies performed before resolution of the cysts showed raised plasma oestradiol concentrations (64 to 440 pmol/l) in three girls and no appreciable rise in plasma luteinising hormone after gonadotrophin releasing hormone stimulation in two. We conclude that ovarian cyst formation with spontaneous resolution may cause transient sexual precocity in girls, and that ultrasound examination is an effective means of diagnosing and following these patients. PMID- 3901934 TI - Oral versus intravenous rehydration therapy in severe gastroenteritis. AB - A controlled, randomised trial comparing the results of oral rehydration therapy with those of intravenous fluid treatment in 470 children with severe gastroenteritis was undertaken. The oral rehydration therapy was divided into two phases--a rehydration phase that used high sodium isotonic fluid at 40 ml/kg per hour and a maintenance phase using low sodium isotonic fluid (sodium 40, potassium 30, bicarbonate 25, chloride 45, and dextrose 130 mmol/l). The results indicate that oral rehydration treatment, used according to this protocol, is successful in treating severe diarrhoea and dehydration, and has considerable advantages over intravenous fluid therapy in reducing complications associated with the treatment of hypernatraemia, in promoting rapid correction of hypokalaemia and acidosis, in decreasing the duration of diarrhoea, and in promoting a greater weight gain at hospital discharge. PMID- 3901935 TI - Ceftazidime in neonatal infections. PMID- 3901936 TI - Fetal circulation 60 to 80 minutes after vaginal prostaglandin E2 in pregnant women at term. AB - We combined real-time B-mode ultrasonography with a 2 MHz pulsed Doppler technique to record blood flow in the fetal descending aorta and in the intra abdominal part of the umbilical vein in 14 pregnant women at term. The blood flow was studied before and after instillation into the vagina of either 4 mg prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) gel or placebo gel. The PGE2 gel was significantly more effective in cervical priming and labor induction than the placebo gel. After instillation of the gel neither group showed a change in the fetal volume blood flow or in the aortic blood velocity waveform. We conclude that the instillation of 4 mg of PGE2 gel does not affect fetal hemodynamics at term. PMID- 3901937 TI - Isozymic variability of Trypanosoma cruzi: biological and epidemiological significance. PMID- 3901938 TI - Isoenzymic studies and epidemiological data of Trypanosoma cruzi from Arequipa (Peru), Pacific side. PMID- 3901939 TI - Cardiac transplantation. Changing patterns in evaluation and treatment. AB - This study reports the authors' experience with 66 heart transplants in 64 patients done over an 8-year period (1977-1985). In the early series, a high frequency of complications involving serious infections was noted. In April 1983, the immunosuppressive regimen was changed to cyclosporine and low-dose steroids. Patients were monitored with frequent myocardial biopsies and determinations of serum cyclosporine levels. Although this is not a controlled study, the authors believe that the improved results, including reduced frequency and severity of infections, are related to altered immune suppression. They speculate that patients with successful cardiac grafts develop a form of specific unresponsiveness and now are studying the mechanisms of this adaptation. PMID- 3901940 TI - Quantification of asymmetric lung pathophysiology as a guide to the use of simultaneous independent lung ventilation in posttraumatic and septic adult respiratory distress syndrome. AB - The management of impaired respiratory gas exchange in patients with nonuniform posttraumatic and septic adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) contains its own therapeutic paradox, since the need for volume-controlled ventilation and PEEP in the lung with the most reduced compliance increases pulmonary barotrauma to the better lung. A computer-based system has been developed by which respiratory pressure-flow-volume relations and gas exchange characteristics can be obtained and respiratory dynamic and static compliance curves computed and displayed for each lung, as a means of evaluating the effectiveness of ventilation therapy in ARDS. Using these techniques, eight patients with asymmetrical posttraumatic or septic ARDS, or both, have been managed using simultaneous independent lung ventilation (SILV). The computer assessment technique allows quantification of the nonuniform ARDS pattern between the two lungs. This enabled SILV to be utilized using two synchronized servo-ventilators at different pressure-flow-volumes, inspiratory/expiratory ratios, and PEEP settings to optimize the ventilatory volumes and gas exchange of each lung, without inducing excess barotrauma in the better lung. In the patients with nonuniform ARDS, conventional ventilation was not effective in reducing shunt (QS/QT) or in permitting a lower FIO2 to be used for maintenance of an acceptable PaO2. SILV reduced per cent v-a shunt and permitted a higher PaO2 at lower FIO2. Also, there was x-ray evidence of ARDS improvement in the poorer lung. While the ultimate outcome was largely dependent on the patient's injury and the adequacy of the septic host defense, by utilizing the SILV technique to match the quantitative aspects of respiratory dysfunction in each lung at specific times in the clinical course, it was possible to optimize gas exchange, to reduce barotrauma, and often to reverse apparently fixed ARDS changes. In some instances, this type of physiologically directed ventilatory therapy appeared to contribute to a successful recovery. PMID- 3901941 TI - The surgical treatment of fibrous dysplasia. With emphasis on recent contributions from cranio-maxillo-facial surgery. AB - Fibrous dysplasia is a congenital, metabolic, nonfamilial disturbance that occurs in one or more bones, at times in association with skin pigmentations or endocrine abnormalities. The authors report on a large personal series of 23 patients with fibrous dysplasia involving the craniofacial skeleton. The etiology, clinical findings, pathology, and differential diagnosis of this condition are reviewed and a working hypothesis is offered for the pathophysiology of this disorder. Approximately one-third of patients with fibrous dysplasia have involvement of the cranial or facial bones. The authors describe how new techniques in craniofacial surgery have opened up additional options for this group of patients. Deformity, diplopia, proptosis, sinus infection, deafness, and loss of vision, are some of the clinical features that may require early surgical management. Evidence is given to support more complete resection of bony lesions with immediate reconstruction by several techniques. The removal, remodeling, and replacement of the dysplastic bone is advanced as a promising new method for the management of these complex problems. Successful use of this technique in four patients is reported. In a separate group of patients, continuing good experience is reported with cranio-orbital reconstruction by means of large methyl-methacrylate implants. Both of these surgical approaches eliminate donor site morbidity that results from the grafting of large amounts of autogenous bone. Both techniques also avoid the problems associated with postoperative absorption of bone grafting. Several patients are reported in whom serious disturbances in visual function appear to have been prevented or reversed by early treatment. Factors leading to malignant change in patients with fibrous dysplasia are reviewed. PMID- 3901942 TI - Effect of indomethacin on proteolysis in septic muscle. AB - The effect of indomethacin on protein degradation in skeletal muscle from septic rats was investigated. Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Control rats were sham-operated. Protein degradation rate was estimated by measuring release of tyrosine from incubated soleus (SOL) and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles. Three experiments were performed. In the first experiment, indomethacin was administered subcutaneously (3 mg/kg) at the time of CLP and again after 3 hours. Control rats received corresponding volumes of solvent. Groups of rats were studied after 8 hours (early sepsis) or 16 hours (late sepsis). In the second experiment, the animals were pretreated 45 minutes before induction of sepsis with indomethacin (3 mg/kg) and again 3 hours after CLP and were studied during early sepsis. In the third experiment, indomethacin was added in vitro (3 microM) to incubated normal or septic muscle or to normal muscle incubated in the presence of plasma from septic animals, and release of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) by incubated muscle was measured in addition to protein degradation. There was no mortality in early sepsis. Survival rate 16 hours after CLP was 8/16 (50%) in rats receiving control injections and 7/15 (47%) in indomethacin-treated rats (NS). Proteolytic rate in incubated EDL and SOL was increased by 20-25% during early sepsis and by 30-50% during late sepsis. The increased proteolytic rate was not affected by administration of indomethacin, neither in the first nor in the second experiment. When indomethacin was added in vitro, release of PGE2 by septic muscles and by normal muscles incubated in the presence of septic plasma was reduced by about 50%, but the increased proteolytic rate in these muscles was not affected. In normal muscle, neither release of PGE2 nor protein degradation was affected by indomethacin in vitro. The present results do not support a role for prostaglandins in the enhancement of muscle proteolysis during sepsis. Since neither survival rate nor protein breakdown was affected by indomethacin, recent suggestions to use this substance in the treatment of septic patients might be questioned. PMID- 3901943 TI - Preoperative imaging of liver metastases. Comparison of angiography, CT scan, and ultrasonography. AB - Thirty-one patients with mostly colorectal cancer metastases to the liver had preoperative selective/superselective angiograms (24 cases), computed tomography (CT) [26 cases, mostly enhanced by contrast administered by a peripheral vein (9), the common hepatic artery (9), or the portal vein (5)], and ultrasonography (26 cases). Intraoperative ultrasonography and palpation and examination of the resected specimens revealed 113 tumors. CT detected almost half of the masses smaller than 1 cm, and ultrasonography and angiography about one-third of lesions 1-2 cm in size. Ultrasonography was less powerful for examination of the posterior segment of the liver. CT and ultrasonography placed the tumors into subsegments more accurately than did angiography. Almost 40% of the preoperative plans had to be changed: in two-thirds by extended resections and in one-third by a change from curative to palliative intent. Most changes were due to extrahepatic tumor growth, often within areas screened before surgery. The use of all three imaging modalities for liver metastases is recommended for preoperative planning. PMID- 3901944 TI - The evolution of the management of penetrating wounds of the heart. AB - In contrast to neurological surgery, which has its origins in the treppaned skulls of Neolithic man, the realization of cardiac surgery awaited the successful suture of a wound of the heart, an accomplishment of the nineteenth century. While the problem of pneumothorax has been cited as contributing to the delay in the development of surgery of the chest, exposure of the heart can be accomplished extrapleurally: hence, the late development of cardiac suture can be traced more to the ancient premise of the inviolability of the heart, a view which persisted up to the time of the first cardiorrhaphy. The successful demonstration of the heart suture in man quickly led to its widespread adoption. Subsequently, two schools of thought regarding the initial management of penetrating cardiac wounds developed, one advocating conservative treatment with pericardiocentesis, the other prompt cardiorrhaphy. The increasing safety of thoracotomy, along with an appreciation of the unpredictable and frequently catastrophic course following an initial favorable response to pericardiocentesis resulted in the gradual emergence of cardiorrhaphy as the procedure of choice, relegating pericardiocentesis to a diagnostic or temporizing measure. PMID- 3901945 TI - Does prostacyclin (PGI2) cardioplegic infusion improve myocardial protection after ischemic arrest? AB - To determine whether prostacyclin (PGI2) plays a beneficial role in the blood perfused heart undergoing global ischemia, 20 isolated canine hearts were studied after sustaining one hour of cardioplegic arrest under moderate hypothermia (27 degrees to 28 degrees C). Left ventricular function (peak systolic pressure, rate of rise of left ventricular pressure [dP/dt], and compliance change in left ventricular volume), myocardial edema, coronary blood flow, and oxygen content were measured during the preischemic period and at 15 and 30 minutes during reperfusion. Results showed an improved hemodynamic recovery (peak systolic pressure, p = 0.018 at 30 minutes; dP/dt, p = 0.020 at 15 minutes) in the group of hearts treated with PGI2 infusion compared with controls. There was no difference in ventricular compliance or myocardial edema between the two groups. This benefit was attributed to a significant increase in myocardial blood flow (p = 0.028 at 15 minutes) and oxygen delivery (p = 0.021 at 15 minutes) during the reperfusion period with PGI2. These data suggest a potential clinical role for PGI2 when applied to the globally ischemic heart in the improvement of myocardial resuscitation during the early reperfusion period. PMID- 3901946 TI - Prosthetic valve replacement using annular preservation technique. AB - Preservation of as much annulus as possible is an extremely important aspect of prosthetic valve replacement. A method is described that allows intact removal of a prosthetic valve without damage to the annulus. This simple technique has been used regularly for three years, and there have been no complications. PMID- 3901947 TI - Comprehensive management of pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum. AB - The prognosis for patients with pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum is poor with or without conventional surgical intervention. Therefore, a comprehensive program of medical and surgical treatment is necessary to improve long-term outlook for these infants. Such a program consists of management of the neonate at initial presentation with prompt administration of prostaglandins and institution of a combination of surgical procedures (isolated pulmonary valvotomy, valvotomy plus modified Blalock-Taussig shunt, Blalock-Taussig shunt plus balloon atrial septostomy, or Blalock-Taussig shunt alone) depending on the results of morphological analysis of the right ventricle; this treatment regimen is designed to relieve hypoxemia, encourage right ventricular growth, and provide adequate egress of blood from the right atrium. Another important element of management is to perform follow-up hemodynamic and angiographic studies when the patient is between 6 and 12 months old to ensure that the objectives of the comprehensive program are being met. Finally, a definitive repair should be offered. This can be done by using or bypassing the right ventricle, depending on whether it can support the pulmonary circuit. PMID- 3901948 TI - Value of intraprostatic injection of zinc and vitamin C and of ultrasound application in infertile men with chronic prostatitis. AB - Seventy infertile men with chronic prostatitis were treated by prostatic massage and wide-spectrum chemotherapy as basic treatment to which intraprostatic injection of zinc or vitamin C with or without ultrasound application was added as a new line of treatment. Comparison showed no significant improvement of the additive treatment over the conventional treatment used alone. Pus cells in the expressed prostatic smear diminished significantly after treatment, which was associated with significant increase of percentage of motile spermatozoa and significant decrease of abnormal forms. Bacterial flora was studied in comparison with findings in 20 cases of infertile males without prostatitis; staphylococci predominated in both patient and control groups. PMID- 3901949 TI - Further studies on vasopressin-induced pressor responses to kainic acid injected into the nucleus tractus solitarii of the rat. AB - Kainic acid, an analogue of L-glutamate, was microinjected into the nucleus tractus solitarii of cordotomized rats. Kainic acid (30 ng) injected bilaterally into the nucleus elicited hypertension. The pressor response to kainic acid was restricted to sites in the intermediate one-third of the nucleus tractus solitarii. Plasma vasopressin levels were markedly increased during the kainic acid-induced pressor response. Intravenous injection of atropine sulphate or mecamylamine, or intraventricular injection of captopril did not affect the pressor response. It is concluded that in cordotomized rats the pressor response to kainic acid injected into the nucleus tractus solitarii is mainly mediated via increased release of vasopressin. It seems unlikely that the central cholinergic and angiotensin mechanisms are mainly responsible for the response to kainic acid. PMID- 3901950 TI - [Determination of the gonadotropic effectiveness of preparations from pregnant mare serum. 4. Application of the testosterone production assay using Leydig interstitial cells of mice]. PMID- 3901951 TI - [Biomorphosis of the liver in swine. 2. The liver lobes with special reference to metric data and liver growth]. PMID- 3901952 TI - [Recent findings on the structure and production of relaxin in domestic animals]. PMID- 3901953 TI - [Autograft of bone marrow following intensive treatment in acute lymphoid leukemia in children]. AB - Ten children were autografted for ALL in second complete remission (CR). The conditioning regimen consisted of cyclophosphamide (60 mg/kg/day X 2) and total body irradiation (10 to 13.2 grays). It was well tolerated, no deaths occurred during the first 3 months post-graft. Nine children remained in second CR, without any maintenance therapy, from 2 to 40 months after ABMT and the median survival time was 11 months. One child died 112 days post-graft, following a cerebral hemorrhage (thrombocytopenia less than 10 X 10(9) platelets/liter). One girl, affected by B ALL, was autografted while in first CR after intensive chemotherapy (modified BACT) 5 months after diagnosis. She relapsed 8 months later. Seven bone marrows have been purged ex vivo by chemotherapy (ASTA-Z) and 3 by anti-CALLA monoclonal antibodies and complement. PMID- 3901954 TI - [Cutaneous signs of neonatal bacterial infections]. PMID- 3901955 TI - [Intracardiac migration of a central catheter fragment. Removal by the endovascular approach using a lasso catheter]. PMID- 3901956 TI - Comparing bilateral to unilateral electroconvulsive therapy in a randomized study with EEG monitoring. AB - In a double-blind study, 48 DSM-III depressed patients were randomly assigned to either the bilateral or nondominant unilateral electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) group. Seizure length was monitored by electroencephalography (EEG). When seizures were less than 25 s, ECT was immediately readministered. When length of seizure and pretreatment depression scores were controlled between the two groups, there were no differences in treatment effectiveness, as measured by the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression and the Beck Depression Inventory, or in the number of treatments required. This was true after five ECT treatments as well as after completing all ECT treatments. Thus, when ECT is monitored via EEG to assure the presence of an adequate seizure, bilateral and nondominant unilateral placement yield equivalent responses. If ECT had not been readministered immediately following a missed seizure, unilateral patients would have had significantly more missed seizures. Significant difficulties in both short- and long-term memory were found 24 hours after the fifth ECT in bilateral but not in nondominant unilateral patients. No apparent memory loss could be documented in nondominant unilateral ECT. PMID- 3901957 TI - Testicular changes in gonadotropin-independent familial male sexual precocity. Familial testotoxicosis. AB - A recently described form of male sexual precocity characterized by active Leydig cell differentiation and premature onset of spermatogenesis in the absence of pituitary gonadotropin stimulation has been termed familial testotoxicosis. The clinical and endocrine findings in the condition are consistent with an inherited intratesticular defect rather than central or true precocious puberty. In this report, testicular changes in biopsy specimens from a series of affected patients are presented. In all of the cases, Leydig cells demonstrated nuclear and cytoplasmic features characteristic of fully differentiated steroidogenic cells. Reinke crystals were absent. Germ cells at all stages of spermatogenesis were present, but there was evident disorganization of maturation. Spermatids exhibited a variety of structural abnormalities. Sertoli cells were characterized by complex cytoplasmic differentiation, Charcot-Bottcher crystals, and tight junction formation. The morphologic changes indicate premature differentiation of all of the major testicular cell types and are consistent with a distinctive type of intratesticular abnormality. PMID- 3901958 TI - Accuracy and indications of diagnostic studies for extracranial carotid disease. AB - We reviewed extracranial carotid studies in two groups of patients. The first group consisted of 200 patients who had been evaluated by both duplex scanning (DS) and direct arch-selective carotid arteriography (SCA). The second group consisted of 100 patients who had been evaluated by both intravenous digital subtraction angiography (IDSA) and conventional SCA. In 200 patients DS disclosed a 92% accuracy in delineating stenotic internal carotid disease and was accurate in recognizing ulcerative disease in 76% of patients. A review of the 100 patients studied by both IDSA and SCA showed that in 40% IDSA gave excellent correlation with SCA; in 35%, good correlation; and in 25%, poor correlation. In 10% DS was more accurate in delineating ulcerative disease than was IDSA, and on occasion DS was even more diagnostic than SCA. The relative accuracy, cost, risk, and clinical usefulness of each carotid diagnostic modality are discussed. PMID- 3901959 TI - Common bile duct anastomosis using fibrin glue. AB - Transection of the common bile duct (CBD) secondary to iatrogenic or civilian trauma is a devastating injury associated with a high incidence of complications, especially biliary fistula and stricture formation. We evaluated the efficacy of Fibrin Sealant--a biologic adhesive containing highly concentrated human fibrinogen--in primary end-to-end anastomosis of the transected CBD in ten adult mongrel dogs. Postoperative T-tube stents in the CBD anastomosis and abdominal drainage were not used. Only two absorbable sutures were used for each CBD anastomosis. The dogs were reexplored postoperatively at intervals varying from one week to nine months; cholangiography was performed at postoperative intervals varying from one to six months. Examination of CBD specimens harvested one month or more after surgery revealed complete healing and no signs of previous injury. Histologic examination disclosed well-healed ductal tissue, without a significant inflammatory response. One dog had an anastomotic leak, and two had moderate narrowing of the CBD anastomosis. Our experience in experimental CBD anastomosis indicates that Fibrin Sealant helps seal biliary anastomoses against leakage; controls bleeding from cut edges of bile duct segments; has good systemic and local compatibility; may promote bile duct wound healing; and significantly reduces the number of sutures needed for primary repair, thereby decreasing the potential for anastomotic ischemia, mucosal damage, and biliary stricture formation. PMID- 3901960 TI - Repair of growing vessels. Continuous absorbable or interrupted nonabsorbable suture? AB - Twenty 1-month-old piglets were subjected to aortic transection and primary repair either with a posterior-running, anterior-interrupted nonabsorbable suture (group 1) or a circumferential continuous absorbable suture (group 2) technique. Mean piglet weight increased by 886% at six months and 1,184% at nine months. Aortic cross-sectional areas increased by 243% and 340%, respectively. Grossly visible, though minimal, stricture formation was noted in three pigs from group 1 and was associated with an overall 5.8% average anastomotic stricture at six months and 3.5% at nine months in group 1, compared with 0.2% and -0.1%, respectively, in group 2. Adhesion formation, fibrosis, and foreign-body reaction were common in group 1 but negligible in group 2. This corresponded to a mean wall thickness measured at nine months of 2.0 +/- 0.9 mm in group 1 and of 1.0 +/ 0.4 mm in group 2. PMID- 3901961 TI - Intestinal absorption of end products from digestion of carbohydrates and proteins in the pig. AB - The kinetics of appearance of various nutrients in the portal vein during the postprandial period was studied in conscious pigs by means of a technique based on measurement of the porto-arterial differences in nutrient concentrations simultaneously with that of the portal blood flow rate. The rate and level of appearance of sugars in the portal vein varied with the carbohydrate ingested. It was very rapid after intake of glucose and sucrose, slower after that of maize starch and very slow after that of lactose. The absorption of the latter became very rapid again if it was hydrolysed prior to its ingestion. During absorption, some sugars (fructose or galactose) released from the corresponding sucrose and lactose, respectively during digestion, were partly metabolized into glucose by the enterocyte. The rate of absorption of amino acids released in the digestive tract varied according to the origin of the food ingested, i.e. it was more rapid after intake of wheat or fish proteins than after that of barley. In the case of barley the absorption rate of amino acids differed from that of glucose of the starch. The profile of the amino acid mixtures appearing in the portal vein during absorption differed a little from the profiles of those present in the ingested proteins in the case of essential amino acids and differed much in the case of non essential amino acids. Some essential amino acids (histidine, aromatic amino acids) appeared more rapidly and others more slowly, (lysine, sulphur amino acids, arginine). Because of transaminations, only small amounts of glutamic acid occurred in the portal vein whereas the amounts of alanine as compared to those ingested, were very large. The hierarchy of amino acid absorption was the same whatever the protein studied (fish, wheat, barley). The appearance in the portal vein of alpha-amino nitrogen from enzyme hydrolysates perfused through the duodenum was more rapid than after perfusion of a mixture of free amino acids. During digestion of diets containing 6% cellulose, large amounts of volatile fatty acids (about 2200 mmol/24 h, i.e. 2500 kJ/24h) and lactic acid (60-85 g/24 h) appeared in the portal vein. PMID- 3901963 TI - [Structure of ectopic foci of hematopoiesis in the mouse]. AB - By means of light and electron microscopic methods foci of ectopic hemopoiesis have been investigated. They are formed on acetate-cellulose (AC) membranes implanted into the mice peritoneal cavity and into the mesentery after radiation and intraperitoneal injection of a donor's bone marrow. On the surface of the AC membranes predominantly granulocytic differentiation of hemopoietic colonies is observed, prevalence of fibroblasts in the sublayer composition, absence of contacts of hemopoietic elements of the colonies with cells of the sublayer. In the mesentery mixed hemopoietic colonies of the donor's origin are revealed consisting of elements of granulocytic, macrophagal and megakaryocytic lines of differentiation. In the mesenteric colonies there are noted mesothelial cells, lipocytes, macrophages, and reticular cells having contacts with hemopoietic cells. The role of the sublayer cells for formation and differentiation of the hemopoietic foci in the experimental systems studied is discussed. PMID- 3901962 TI - Pasteur effect in vascular and intestinal smooth muscle. AB - The increase in lactate production on changing from aerobic to anaerobic conditions, i.e. the Pasteur effect, has been reported to be small in vascular muscle and especially in aorta. It has been suggested that this may be an artefact caused by damage to the intimal endothelium. We have compared the Pasteur effect in different kinds of pig arteries, but also in rabbit colon. The aerobic lactate production in 60 min was 11-15 mumol/g in the aorta and the carotid artery, but 3 mumol/g in the mesenteric and renal arteries and 4 mumol/g in the rabbit colon. The increase in lactate production under anaerobic conditions was 12-20 mumol/g/60 min in the carotid artery, aorta and rabbit colon and 10 mumol/g/60 min in the mesenteric and renal arteries. When calculated in per cent, the Pasteur effect was greater in the mesenteric artery than in the aorta, but the actual rise in lactate production in mumol/g was higher in the aorta and carotid artery. The high aerobic lactate production of smooth muscle in vitro may be related to its low ability to oxidize glucose; some other substrates may be preferentially oxidized when present in vitro or in vivo. PMID- 3901964 TI - [Follicular epithelium of the ovary in the prenatal and early postnatal periods of ontogenesis of the Wrangell Island lemming Dicrostonyx torquatus Pall]. AB - In 69 representatives of the Arctic lemming the ovaries have been studied. Morphologucal peculiarities of prefollicular and follicular cells have been revealed during various periods of folliculogenesis, as well as changes in the volumetric density arrangement of cellular organells in the process of their differentiation. It is supposed that during the period preceding formation of the follicles (15.5-20 days of embryonal development and the first three days after birth) the prefollicular cells possess several functions (participation in regulating spatial organization of ovogonia, fagocytosis), the secretory one including. During formation of primordial follicles (1-3 days after birth) the follicular epithelium cells become flatten and their structures orient towards supporting-mechanical function. The following morphological changes of folliculocytes are connected with further growth of follicles, granulosa formation, secretion of follicular fluid in cavitary follicles that form at the beginning of the third week. A coinside in time is noted in formation of primordial follicles and in beginning of their growth in laboratory rodents and in the lemmings, nevertheless, transformation of the growing follicles into the cavitary ones occurs more quickly in the lemming. PMID- 3901965 TI - [Activities of A.A. Zavarzina at the Military Medical Academy]. PMID- 3901966 TI - [Localization of different types of collagen (I, III, IV, V) in the connective tissue of the popliteal artery and skeletal muscle of man (immunoelectronmicroscopic analysis)]. AB - By means of immunoperoxidase and immunoferritin techniques collagen of the I, III, IV and V types has been revealed in cryostat sections of the popliteal artery and in the musculus quadriceps of the femur. Areas of the vascular wall without any macroscopical signs of lesions have been investigated. They have been obtained from amputated extremities of young persons (17-22 years old), and muscle pieces have been taken during operations performed in the knee joint. After certain immunocytochemical procedures the cryostat slices are embedded in mixture of epon 812 and araldit, non-contrasted ultrathin slices are examined in the electron microscope JEM 100CX. Collagen of the I and III types is revealed in fibrills 20-80 nm thick either with or without cross striation, as well as in microfibrills. Collagen of the III type in the intercellular substance of the arterial wall occurs in nonfibrillar form. Collagen of the IV type is revealed in basal membranes of the smooth muscle cells of the arterial wall, of the muscle fibers and of endothelium of blood capillaries of the skeletal muscle. Collagen of the V type is found as accumulations having various size and form; they localize in many places of the intercellular substance of the arterial wall. A tight contact is revealed between the formations including collagen of the V type with drops of elastin and elastic fibers. A suggestion is made that collagen of the V type participates in formation of elastic fibers. PMID- 3901967 TI - [Pathoanatomists--veterans of World War II 1941-1945]. AB - During the Great Patriotic War, many pathologists, both pre-war professionals and those receiving the degree at a war-time, worked in the ranks of the Red Army. Moreover, many future pathologists who have got medical training after the war, participated in the battles with fascists aggressors as soldiers and officers of different kinds of troops as well as in the partisan movement. Prewar merits of the veterans in the field of pathology and their successful professional and administrative work after the war are listed. Likewise the achievements of pathologists who were soldiers or officers of the Red Army during the war and who after the war got their medical degree and became well-known scientists or clinical pathologists efficiently working in the Soviet public health, science and teaching, are recorded. PMID- 3901968 TI - [Notes of a wartime pathologist]. AB - The definition of the most important complications of the gunshot wound (wound sepsis, dystrophy of the wounded) is given on the basis of a retrospective analysis of the pathology data collected during the Great Patriotic War 1941 1945. The main conditions of the rise of the wound sepsis are characterized in detail, its dependence upon the severity of the gunshot wound is proven, the examples of a regular distribution of lethal wound sepsis cases in wounds of different localization are presented. It is shown the dystrophy syndrome of the wounded results from the combination of a long-lasting wound infection and grave metabolic disturbances. The latter are attributed to the atrophic and degenerative changes of organs and tissues, primarily those of the alimentary canal, skeletal muscles, subcutaneous fat and neuro-regulatory apparatus. The appearance of such a syndrome depends, not to a lesser extent, on the inadequate nutrition. Thus this syndrome is of an infections-alimentary nature. PMID- 3901969 TI - [History of the Red Army pathoanatomical service in World War II 1941-1945]. AB - History of the rise of the pathology service in the system of the military medical service of the Red Army is described and the arguments in favour of its necessity in the fighting troops are presented. The characterization of the goals of such a service is given, notably: an evaluation of the work of the military medical establishments on the basis of a summarized clinico-anatomical analysis of pathology data, this allowing the heads of the military-medical service a rapid elimination of organizational and therapeutic-diagnostic defects of various stages of medical evacuation and improvement of the activity of the therapeutic evacuation centres; establishing the causes of death of the persons wounded or struck in the battles and evaluating the significance of the type, time, volume and shortcomings of the treatment in the fatal issue; studying the pathology of the war trauma, regeneration, the pathogenesis of infectious complications and influence on their development and course of the treatment, etc. The organizational structure of the service, its branches (front and army laboratories of pathology, department of pathology of big hospitals) working under the guidance of the Central Laboratory of Pathology (CLP), is described. The documents which were the basis of the work of these laboratories are characterized. An important merit of M.F. Glazunov and N. A. Krayevsky--chiefs of the CLP--in the organization and guidance, both practical and scientific, is noted. The main results of the activity of the service are briefly characterized. PMID- 3901970 TI - [Rapid method of histological treatment of endoscopic biopsy material]. AB - A modified method designed for paraffin embedding of the endoscopic material is proposed. Its advantages are in the simplicity and rapidity (not more than 3 h) of accomplishment and the conclusion can be given at the same day. PMID- 3901971 TI - [Clinico-morphologic characteristics of reflux gastritis in patients with peptic ulcer before and after surgical intervention]. AB - Experimental and clinical studies convincingly indicate that duodenal-gastric reflux may provoke the development of reflux gastritis with a characteristic clinico-morphological complex. However, the clinical picture of reflux gastritis in patients with stomach ulcer is not always typical, is frequently masked by the underlying disease and therefore is difficult for diagnosis. The necessity of the use of the laboratory and instrumental methods arises, with an obligatory histological examination. Morphological studies indicate the existence of certain characteristic signs of reflux gastritis, the detection of which makes this diagnosis valid. PMID- 3901972 TI - [Current concepts of the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in light of the development of N.N. Anichkov's theory (on the centenary of his birth)]. AB - Aspects of the atherosclerosis pathogenesis connected with the role of lipoproteins and the arterial wall cells in the development of arterial atherosclerotic lesions are reviewed. The key problems of the atherosclerosis patho- and morphogenesis in the light of the development of N. N. Anichkov's ideas are discussed. PMID- 3901973 TI - [50th anniversary of the journal "Arkhiv patologii"]. PMID- 3901974 TI - [The Lvov school for clinical pathologists (on the 200th anniversary of founding the medical chair in Lvov)]. PMID- 3901975 TI - [New morphological aspects of pathogenesis of pneumofibrosis in anthracosis]. AB - The death of the alveolar macrophage stimulating the activation of fibroblast in pneumoconiosis is not a single trigger mechanism of pneumofibrosis in anthracosis. Alteration of the microcirculatory bed and lung aerohematic barrier plays an essential pathogenetic role in coal pneumoconiosis. Polycarbonic acids which are formed in the organism from coal as a result of its oxidative hydrolytic degradation are the cause of the damage and loss of the structural components of the aerohematic barrier. PMID- 3901976 TI - [Pathomorphism of endemic goiter]. AB - Pathomorphism of goiter developing against the background of goiter prevention in the Bukovina endemic area was studied. Subdivision of goiter into endemic and sporadic lost its significance due to the stabilization and levelling of the goiter morbidity. The true (simple or benign) goiter is characterized by an euthyroid course, predominant affection of adult women and domination of the nodular variants. A goiter node is a hyperplastic structural-functional gland unit--the thyron. The leading role in the goiter etiology belongs to endogenous deficiency of thyroid hormones, local factors are significant in the goiter pathogenesis. PMID- 3901977 TI - [Ramon y Cajal as pathological anatomist (on the 50th anniversary of his death)]. PMID- 3901978 TI - [Postmortem coronary angiography: the clinico-morphological aspects of its interpretation and the diagnostic value]. AB - Review of literature on the clinico-morphological interpretation and diagnostic value of the postmortem coronarography is presented. Characteristic of a basic coronarographic appearance of obstructive conditions in the heart coronary system, compensatory processes and decompensation of the disturbed coronary circulation is given. Diagnostic symptoms and syndromes are presented from the viewpoint of leading parameters of the coronary hemodynamics. PMID- 3901979 TI - The total artificial heart: from development to clinical trials. PMID- 3901980 TI - Utilization of activated carbon hemoperfusion to assist recovery of ischemically damaged canine liver allografts. AB - The sensitivity of liver allografts to even minimal periods of ischemia currently limits the duration of hepatic preservation prior to liver transplantation. This study evaluates the role of activated carbon hemoperfusion (ACH) for assisting the recovery of canine livers ischemically damaged by a 20-min occlusion of the portal vein and hepatic artery prior to organ harvesting. Animals in Group I (n = 5) receiving damaged liver allografts without ACH survived a mean (+/- SD) of 18.0 +/- 13.5 h. One ACH treatment given to recipients immediately after liver transplantation in Group II (n = 5) resulted in improved survival to a mean of 3.8 +/- 2.16 days (p less than 0.05). The best survival was obtained after three ACH treatments in Group III (n = 6) on days 0, 1, and 2 (26.6 +/- 27.1 days) (p less than 0.05). These results indicate that ACH may be helpful in assisting the recovery of ischemically damaged liver allografts after transplantation. PMID- 3901981 TI - Quantitative assessment of tooth wear, alveolar-crest height and continuing eruption in a Romano-British population. AB - Although measurements from cement-enamel junction (CEJ) to alveolar crest (AC) have been used in assessing changes in alveolar-crest height as age or chronic inflammatory periodontal disease (CIPD) progresses, there is evidence from ancient populations that the position of AC remains almost constant throughout life and continuing eruption to compensate for attrition may explain why CEJ-AC measurements increase with age. Measurements of occlusal attrition and relationship of CEJ to AC were made on the cheek teeth of 500 Romano-British skulls by direct measurement or by reference to the fixed line of the inferior alveolar canal (IAC) on radiographs. Direct measurements indicated that there were usually no statistical differences between the vertical amounts of tooth substance lost by attrition and the change in the distance CEJ-AC as age progressed. Measurements on radiographs showed that posterior teeth continued to erupt to compensate for attrition and the AC remained static as age progressed. Bone deposition at the AC was seen in the majority of ground sections. Thus tooth wear appears to be compensated by continuing movement of teeth in an occlusal direction. The position of the AC remained almost constant throughout life; AC bone lost by CIPD seemed to be replaced during continuing tooth eruption. PMID- 3901982 TI - The chronological distribution of enamel hypoplasia in human permanent incisor and canine teeth. AB - The frequencies and chronology, based on a standard tooth development chart, of enamel hypoplasia derived from permanent upper central incisors and mandibular canines were compared for 42 prehistoric Amerindians. Between 0.5 and 4.5 years, when the crowns of both these teeth are developing, hypoplasias were 1.36 times more common on the incisors (54 hypoplasias/incisor; 40 hypoplasias/canine). Hypoplasias on incisors occurred earlier (mean = 2.50; median at 2.0-2.5 years) compared to the canine (mean = 3.51; median at 3.5-4.0 years). Differences in published frequencies and chronologies of hypoplasias may be explained, in part, by an indefinable variation in the teeth studied. The highest density of hypoplasias on both tooth crowns was just cervical to the midpoint, suggesting that developmental rates and crown geometry may influence the ability of the crown to record stressful events. PMID- 3901983 TI - Flow and albumin content of early (pre-inflammatory) gingival crevicular fluid from human subjects. AB - Gingival fluid was collected with glass capillaries tubing from the upper premolar area in a group of 7 volunteers, after allowing dental plaque to accumulate for 12-36 h, and in a group of patients with gingivitis. Whereas no fluid could be collected in the absence of plaque, increasing amounts were recovered during plaque accumulation, in the absence of clinical signs of gingival inflammation. The ratios of albumin concentrations in gingival fluid and plasma also increased significantly with increasing time of plaque accumulation. These fluid:plasma ratios of albumin concentrations were significantly lower than the ratios found for the inflamed sites in the second group of patients. These results support the hypothesis that, in an early inflammatory response, the fluid is not a typical inflammatory exudate and is probably modulated by an osmotic gradient. PMID- 3901984 TI - Making sense of 'keratospeak'. A classification of refractive corneal surgery. PMID- 3901985 TI - Direct trauma to the superior oblique tendon following penetrating injuries of the upper eyelid. AB - We report two cases of direct trauma to the superior oblique tendon after penetrating injury of the upper eyelid with hook-shaped tools. Both patients originally presented with a Knapp type VII superior oblique palsy, but one patient severed the superior oblique tendon proximal to the trochlea, whereas the other patient engaged the distal reflected segment of the tendon with the hook and pulled it forward into the upper eyelid. PMID- 3901986 TI - Local cyclosporine therapy for experimental autoimmune uveitis in rats. AB - The use of locally applied cyclosporine was investigated in the retinal S-antigen induced experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) model in Lewis rats. A 2% cyclosporine solution applied topically four times a day for 14 days effectively prevented the expression of EAU. This treatment, however, produced circulating cyclosporine levels in the therapeutic range. Lower concentrations of cyclosporine applied topically did not produce therapeutic levels and were not capable of reliably preventing disease. Intraocular levels of cyclosporine, measured by radioimmunoassay, were extremely low and outside the accepted therapeutic range. Intravitreal cyclosporine therapy appeared to protect eyes from EAU, without producing significant circulating cyclosporine levels. These findings show that, in its present form, cyclosporine in oil is not an efficacious topical therapy. Therefore, a local cyclosporine preparation with enhanced penetration into the globe may be a practical approach to therapy in the future. PMID- 3901987 TI - The effects of subconjunctival miconazole in the treatment of experimental Candida keratitis in rabbits. AB - Subconjunctival miconazole (1.2 mg/day for three weeks) produced a marked clinical improvement in the ocular lesions produced by inoculation with Candida albicans in a group of ten rabbits. Clinical scores of affected eyes were significantly lower in this treated group than in a control group of ten untreated rabbits. All cultures of corneal scrapings were negative on the 15th day after inoculation in the treated group, while three cultures were still positive at the end of the experiment (day 21) in the control group. Histopathologic examination showed considerably less-severe inflammatory changes in the eyes of treated animals compared with those of control animals. PMID- 3901988 TI - The preauricular skin graft in eyelid reconstruction. AB - The skin obtained from the preauricular graft for reconstruction of eyelid and midfacial defects is an excellent tissue and color match for the lower eyelid and medial canthus. This area is an excellent alternative graft site, and its usage should be added to the ophthalmic plastic surgeon's therapeutic armamentarium. PMID- 3901989 TI - A modified trephining technique for the insertion of Jones tube. AB - The functional success of a Jones Pyrex tube depends on the accurate positioning of the tube. The modified trephining technique for the insertion of a Jones tube ensures accurate positioning by using a guide wire to maintain the selected position and direction of the tube while a 1.5-mm-diameter trephine cuts a cylindrical track around the guide wire, down which a straight Pyrex tube is threaded. The snug fit between the tube and the trephined track has minimized postoperative extrusion (5%) and migration (7%). This technique has been used to insert 93 tubes in 84 patients aged 7 to 83 years. PMID- 3901990 TI - Fansidar for malaria prophylaxis. PMID- 3901991 TI - Effects of prolonged intravenous infusions of adrenaline on glucose utilization, plasma metabolites, hormones and milk production in lactating sheep. AB - Lactating ewes received continuous intravenous infusions of adrenaline (0.05 micrograms/kg liveweight) for 4 days. Prior to, during and after adrenaline infusions, milk yield and composition were monitored. Plasma concentrations of metabolites and hormones were measured each day and glucose biokinetics were measured in non-steady state at the start and end of adrenaline infusions. During adrenaline infusion, milk yield and content of solids-not-fat decreased and milk fat content was reduced on the first day of infusion. Plasma glucose was raised throughout the period of adrenaline infusion, plasma lactate increased over the first 4 h from the start of infusion and plasma non-esterified fatty acids increased for 2 h at the start of infusion and tended to increase during the first 2-3 h after withdrawal of adrenaline. Plasma growth hormone remained relatively stable except for a marked increase at 30 min after withdrawal of adrenaline. At the start and immediately after withdrawal of adrenaline infusion plasma insulin was increased approximately twofold. Glucose production, but not utilization, increased at the start of infusions. Immediately after withdrawal of adrenaline glucose utilization increased 2.5-fold with a smaller response in glucose production. There was essentially no change in glucose clearance during adrenaline infusion but a marked increase occurred after withdrawal of adrenaline. PMID- 3901993 TI - Beginnings and endings--the pre-invasive and regressive stages of melanoma. PMID- 3901992 TI - Wound infection in elective biliary surgery: controlled trial using one dose cephamandole. AB - In a prospective randomized double-blind trial using a 1 g single dose of cephamandole versus placebo, given 1 h before surgery, the wound infection rate after elective surgery for gallbladder stones in 200 consecutive cases was 11%, being 15% in the placebo group and 7% in the cephamandole group (chi 2 = 4.03; P less than 0.05). The average hospital stay was 7.7 days in the absence of wound infection and 13.6 days in the presence of wound infection. Contaminated bile was significantly positively related to wound infection, and cephamandole significantly protected the culture-positive group from wound infection. PMID- 3901994 TI - Surgery of pelviureteric obstruction in the first year of life. AB - Twenty-nine out of 108 patients (26%) were under 1 year of age at the time of surgery for congenital pelviureteric obstruction. The clinical features and diagnosis, management, follow-up and results in these patients are reviewed. Clinical presentation was usually with an abdominal mass or urinary infection but an increasing number of cases were diagnosed after maternal ultrasonography had shown hydronephrosis. Ultrasonography, together with renal nuclide scan, were considered to be the most appropriate imaging modalities to define anatomy, determine function and document obstruction. Pyeloplasty was carried out successfully in 28 patients (two bilateral) and one patient had a nephrectomy. Sixteen pyeloplasties were managed by a nephrostomy (with or without a stent), the tubes usually being removed 10-12 days postoperatively. Fourteen pyeloplasties were managed by a wound drain only but one required a secondary nephrostomy although eventual recovery was satisfactory. Renal nuclide scan was found to be the most appropriate follow-up test and the overall results of surgery were satisfactory. PMID- 3901995 TI - Cavernous haemangioma of the orbit. AB - Cavernous haemangioma is considered the most common primary orbital tumour. We present three cases of cavernous haemangioma of the orbit presenting with deterioration of vision and painless unilateral exophthalmos. A review of the current literature available is compared with our findings. The diagnostic examinations that are most helpful in deciding that an orbital cavernous haemangioma is present include plain film X-ray examination of the orbits and sinuses, B-mode ultrasonography and computerized axial tomography. Each patient underwent a transcranial surgical procedure for removal of the tumour, after pre operative evaluation. PMID- 3901996 TI - Pregnancy rate of cows given synthetic gonadotrophin-releasing hormone at the time of service. AB - A trial involving 25 herds was conducted in the Maffra area of Victoria to study pregnancy rates after injection of synthetic Gn-RH at service. Of 3502 cows having a first service, 674 cows were injected by the farmer at first service with a single intramuscular injection of 250 micrograms of synthetic Gn-RH, while the remaining 2828 cows acted as untreated controls. First service pregnancy rates were 58.8% in the group treated with Gn-RH and 54.1% in the untreated group, a 4.7% increase or an odds ratio of 1.21 (P less than 0.05). However, adjustment for the potentially confounding variables calving to first service interval and herd reduced the odds ratio to 1.07 (P less than 0.4). Treatment with Gn-RH at second or third service did not alter pregnancy rate to that service compared to untreated services. There was no interaction of treatment with Gn-RH at first service with calving to service interval. It is concluded that injection of 250 micrograms of synthetic Gn-RH at the time of service does not increase pregnancy rate to that service. PMID- 3901997 TI - Evaluation of fundal height measurement in antenatal care. AB - The value of symphysis-fundus measurement (fundal height) as a screening procedure for fetal growth was assessed. The reproducibility of measurements between staff of differing antenatal experience was +/- 2 cm in 95% of cases. Fundal height was correlated with ultrasound measurement of biparietal diameter and abdominal area, and coefficients of 0.84 and 0.74 respectively were obtained; 73.1% of babies weighing below the 10th percentile for gestation were detected by one measurement of 3 cm or more below the mean for gestation. PMID- 3901998 TI - The psychiatric library. PMID- 3901999 TI - The effect of insulin and glucagon on systolic properties of the normal and septic isolated rat heart. AB - Controversy exists in the literature concerning the effects of insulin and glucagon on cardiac muscle contractility, in particular during anoxia, ischemia or sepsis. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of insulin and glucagon on the systolic function of the normal and the dysfunctioning septic rat myocardium in the Langendorff preparation. In the normal isolated rat heart, neither insulin nor glucagon exhibited any lasting inotropic effect on systolic function or coronary flow. Sepsis (cecal ligation and puncture) resulted in a dramatic reduction of systolic function to 44% of control animals. All insulin-containing formulations tested improved systolic function in septic hearts by a mean of 85% compared to Krebs and glucose only. However, this improvement did not reach statistical significance compared to the use of Krebs and glucose only. Glucagon at 100 micrograms/l was doing as well as Krebs and glucose alone while at 1 mg/l glucagon was only able to maintain pre perfusion contractility. Our results suggest that neither insulin nor glucagon seem to possess special inotropic properties for the isolated perfused normal or septic rat heart. PMID- 3902000 TI - [Results of bacteriologic studies on sudden unexpected infant death with special reference to infant botulism]. PMID- 3902001 TI - [Pathogenesis of helminth infections]. PMID- 3902002 TI - [Pathogenesis of arthropod infestations]. PMID- 3902004 TI - 1H n.m.r. studies of insulin. Assignment of resonances and properties of tyrosine residues. AB - The assignment of the aromatic 1H n.m.r. resonances of the four tyrosine residues of bovine 2-zinc insulin is reported, based on double resonance techniques, use of Hahn spin echo pulse sequences and examination of specific derivatives nitrated at tyrosines A14 and A19 as well as des-(B26-B30)-insulin. Titration curves of the four tyrosine residues show that residues A14 and B16 have normal pK' values of 10.3-10.6 in solution, consistent with their accessibility to solvent in monomer and dimer in the crystal. Tyrosine residues A19 and B26 have pK' values of 11.4 and exhibit other features in their titration curves that are consistent with limited accessibility to solvent and a nonpolar environment. The meta protons of residues B16 and B26 both observe the titration of a nearby tyrosine residue, probably A19. Interpretation of the n.m.r. data obtained in solution is consistent with the crystallographic data for the monomer and dimer obtained on insulin crystals [Blundell, Dodson, Hodgkin & Mercola (1972) Adv. Protein Chem. 26, 279-402]. PMID- 3902003 TI - Lipid biosynthesis in synchronized cultures of the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. AB - Lipid biosynthesis has been studied in photosynthetic cultures of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides that had been synchronized by stationary-phase cycling or by a centrifugation selection procedure. Synchrony index values in the range 0.70-0.80 were obtained for the first cell cycle with both synchronization methods. The major membrane lipids phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol were accumulated discontinuously during the cell cycle, their mass doubling immediately before cell division. This accumulation of lipid corresponded to peaks in incorporation of radioactivity from either [1 14C]acetate or [2-3H]glycerol into individual acyl lipids as measured in individual portions of bacteria. For phosphatidylglycerol an additional peak of incorporation of radioactivity from [2-3H]glycerol was found midway through the cell cycle. In spite of their rather similar endogenous fatty acid compositions, the individual phosphoacylglycerols showed distinctive patterns of incorporation of radioactivity from [1-14C]acetate into their acyl moieties. The discontinuous synthesis of acyl lipids observed in cultures of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides synchronized by either stationary-phase cycling or centrifugation selection procedures contrasted with the accumulation of chlorophyll-protein complexes whose amounts were found to increase throughout the cell cycle. The implications of these findings for the control of lipid synthesis in bacterial photosynthetic membranes are discussed. PMID- 3902005 TI - The effect of insulin and intermittent mechanical stretching on rates of protein synthesis and degradation in isolated rabbit muscle. AB - Tyrosine balance and protein synthesis were studied during the same incubation in isolated rabbit forelimb muscles. From these measurements, protein degradation was calculated. Isolated muscles were usually in a state of negative amino acid balance, principally as a result of the 75% decrease in protein synthesis. Muscles from rabbits starved for 18 h had lower rates of both protein synthesis and degradation compared with muscles from normally fed rabbits. Intermittent mechanical stretching and the addition of insulin at 100 microunits/ml increased rates of both protein synthesis and degradation. Increases in the rate of protein synthesis were proportionately greater in the muscles from starved animals. In muscles from both fed and starved donors, increases in protein-synthesis rates owing to intermittent stretching and insulin were proportionately greater than the increases in degradation rates. For example, insulin increased the rate of protein synthesis in the muscles from starved donors by 111% and the rate of degradation by 31%. Insulin also increased the rate of protein synthesis when added at a higher concentration (100 munits/ml); at this concentration, however, the rate of protein degradation was not increased. The suppressive effect of insulin on high rates of protein degradation in other skeletal-muscle preparations may reflect a non-physiological action of the hormone. PMID- 3902007 TI - A new haemagglutinin from the amoebocytes of the horseshoe crab Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda. Purification and role in cellular aggregation. AB - The present paper describes the purification and function of a haemagglutinin from the amoebocyte lysate of the horseshoe crab Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda. The purified protein consisted of a single subunit of Mr 24 000 and agglutinated human blood-group-A+ erythrocytes. Its haemagglutinin activity was inhibited by purified lysate, coagulogen, but not by sugars. The haemagglutinin differed immunologically and in activity from the sialic-acid-binding lectin carcinoscorpin present in the haemolymph. It caused aggregation of forma-fixed amoebocytes, and on the basis of this observation its role in cell-cell adhesion is proposed. This new haemagglutinin promotes cell-cell aggregation in amoebocytes in a manner that shares some similarities with thrombospondin mediated platelet aggregation in vertebrates [Jaffe, Leuang, Nachman, Levin & Moseher (1981) Nature (London) 295, 246-248]. PMID- 3902008 TI - Anomeric specificity of hexokinase and glucokinase activities in liver and insulin-producing cells. AB - Conflicting data have been reported concerning the anomeric specificity of glucokinase. In the present study, liver hexokinase (Km for D-glucose 0.4 mM) displayed a higher affinity for but lower Vmax. with alpha- than with beta-D glucose. The velocity of the reaction catalysed by liver glucokinase was higher with with beta- than with alpha-D-glucose, whatever the glucose concentration. The apparent Km of glucokinase was somewhat lower, however, with alpha- than with beta-D-glucose. Comparable results were obtained for the high-Km glucokinase-like enzymic activity present in normal pancreatic islets or insulin-producing tumoral cells. These results suggest that the anomeric specificity of glucokinase cannot account for the higher rate of glycolysis found in islets exposed to alpha- as distinct from beta-D-glucose. PMID- 3902006 TI - The T cell antigen receptor. PMID- 3902009 TI - Purification and properties of rabbit brain and liver 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferases isolated by monoclonal-antibody immunoadsorbent chromatography. AB - The use of a monoclonal-antibody immunoaffinity column for the rapid isolation of 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferases (EC 2.6.1.19) from rabbit brain and liver is described. Homogeneous enzyme protein is eluted from the immunoadsorbent with 100mM-citrate buffer, pH5, and remains stable at 4 degrees C for several days. One such column (bed volume 8 ml) has been used 40 times in a 9-month period to isolate 10-15 units of enzyme activity (specific activity approx. 3.5-7.5 units/mg) per extraction. Kinetic and spectral analysis of the enzymes from the two tissues revealed a close similarity. Sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed the isolated enzyme to have a monomeric Mr of 52 000, and this was confirmed by h.p.l.c. gel exclusion at pH 5.0. The results of Sephadex G-100 chromatography at different pH values are taken to indicate that the enzyme behaves as a dimer at pH 7.0 and above, but as a monomer at pH 5.0. 4 Aminobutyrate aminotransferase isolated from the brain by the procedure of Fowler & John [(1981) Biochem. J. 197, 149-152] is more stable than the immunoaffinity purified material, and has been shown to contain a contaminant protein of Mr 84 000 that exhibits succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase activity. PMID- 3902011 TI - Protection of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase from proteolytic attack. AB - Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase contained within permeabilized cells of Rhodosporidium toruloides was protected from proteolytic attack by trypsin, chymotrypsin and duodenal juice. The inactivation by the proteases was biphasic. The enzyme contained within the yeast cells had a similar Km for phenylalanine and Ki for cinnamic acid to the protein in free solution. Phenylalanine ammonia lyase present in the yeast depleted duodenal juice of free phenylalanine, while the enzyme in free solution did not. The possibility of using permeabilized cells of R. toruloides as a vehicle for protecting orally ingested therapeutic enzymes from proteolytic inactivation is discussed. PMID- 3902010 TI - The interaction between subunits in the tubulin dimer. AB - Limited proteolysis and chemical cross-linking techniques have been used to study the interaction between alpha- and beta-tubulin subunits. Trypsin digestion of tubulin dimer resulted in the cleavage of the alpha-subunit into two fragments, whereas chymotrypsin cleaved the beta-subunit into two distinct fragments. All of these fragments have been mapped on the tubulin subunits by further proteolysis with formic acid. Cross-linking of trypsin- and chymotrypsin-cleaved subunits has been performed with two different cross-linker agents of different cross-linking distance. The addition of formaldehyde resulted in the cross-linking of the alpha tubulin N-terminal fragment with beta-tubulin C-terminal domain. The same result was obtained when methyl 4-mercaptobutyrimidate was used. PMID- 3902012 TI - Evidence for existence of angiotensins I and II in mature renin granules from rat kidney cortex. AB - Renin granules were isolated by the combination of discontinuous and continuous Percoll density gradient centrifugation. The peak fraction containing the highest concentration of renin granules was found to contain the highest concentration of both angiotensin I and II immunoreactive substances. The identity of the immunoreactive peptides was further confirmed as angiotensin I and angiotensin II by high pressure liquid chromatography in reference to standard compounds. The coexistence of angiotensins I and II with renin indicates the formation of angiotensin II in renin granules. These findings clarify the mechanism of intracellular formation of angiotensin II as opposed to its formation in plasma and provide evidence against the internalization of angiotensin II, a hypothesis supported by the failure to detect angiotensin I in renin granules. Angiotensin II was increased by a low sodium diet while a high sodium diet did not affect its content. PMID- 3902013 TI - A reactive hydroxymethyl sulfate ester formed regioselectively from the carcinogen, 7,12-dihydroxymethylbenz[alpha]anthracene, by rat liver sulfotransferase. AB - The carcinogen, 7,12-dihydroxymethylbenz[alpha]anthracene (DHBA), was regioselectively conjugated in the presence of 3'-phosphoadenosine 5' phosphosulfate by male rat liver cytosolic sulfotransferase to DHBA 7-sulfate. The sulfate ester was highly reactive and showed a potent, intrinsic mutagenicity toward Salmonella typhimurium TA 98. PMID- 3902014 TI - The development and application of a novel chromophoric substrate for investigation of the mechanism of yeast fatty acid synthase. AB - The acetyl transacylase activity of the fatty acid synthase from yeast has been investigated using p-nitrophenylthiol acetate. The chromophoric nature of the nitrophenylthiol moiety affords a convenient spectrophotometric assay for the transacylase function as well as a means to investigate the kinetics and the mechanism of this process. A probable kinetic scheme for enzyme catalyzed transacetylation from p-nitrophenylthiol acetate to an acyl acceptor (CoA or N acetylcysteamine) is proposed and the kinetic constants for acetylation of enzyme and for acetyl transfer to an acceptor were determined. It was also demonstrated that p-nitrophenylthiol acetate can replace acetyl-CoA as a substrate in fatty acid synthesis. PMID- 3902015 TI - Vitamin K (menaquinone) biosynthesis in bacteria: purification and probable structure of an intermediate prior to o-succinylbenzoate. AB - The first aromatic intermediate in the menaquinone biosynthetic pathway is o succinylbenzoate (OSB); it is formed from chorismate/isochorismate and 2 ketoglutarate. Cell-free extracts of menD+ E. coli strains synthesize an intermediate, "X", which is converted to OSB by extracts of menC+ cells. "X" has been purified to near homogeneity by HPLC. On treatment with acid, it yields both OSB and succinylbenzene (SB). This and other data, suggest that "X" has the structure, 2-succinyl-6-hydroxy-2,4-cyclohexadiene-1-carboxylate (I). PMID- 3902017 TI - Control of isoleucine-valine biosynthesis in a valine-resistant mutant of Escherichia coli K-12 that simultaneously acquired azaleucine-resistance. AB - A mutant of Escherichia coli K-12 isolated as being growth resistant to L-valine (Valr) was shown also to exhibit growth resistance to 4-azaleucine (Azlr). Transductional analysis indicated that Azlr is cotransduced with Valr at a frequency of 100% and both are linked to leu, ara, and carA. This mutation conferring valine and azaleucine growth resistance resulted in increased levels of isoleucine and valine biosynthetic enzymes as well as those of valyl- and isoleucyl-tRNA synthetases during growth in minimal and enriched media. Acquisition of Vals/Azls results in the restoration of normal regulation of both classes of ilv enzymes and normal patterns of the tRNA Ile species. The overall regulatory patterns observed for individual isoleucine and valine gene products suggest differential participation of isoleucine and valine and/or isoleucyl- and valyl-tRNA's in control of expression of the respective structural genes. PMID- 3902016 TI - Effects of a calcium channel agonist on the electrical, ionic and secretory events in mouse pancreatic B-cells. AB - The changes in pancreatic B-cell function produced by a Ca channel agonist, the dihydropyridine derivative CGP 28392, have been studied with mouse islets. CGP 28392 (5 microM) modified the electrical activity induced in B-cells by 10 mM glucose: the duration and the amplitude of the slow waves of membrane potential increased, but the overall spike activity decreased. Simultaneously, CGP 28392 markedly increased insulin release and 45Ca2+ efflux, and slightly accelerated 86Rb+ efflux from islet cells. These latter effects were abolished by omission of extracellular Ca2+. Qualitatively similar changes were observed at 15 mM glucose, whereas CGP 28392 was ineffective at 3 mM glucose. These results strongly suggest that an influx of Ca2+ contributes to the slow waves of membrane potential triggered by glucose, and underline the importance of this influx of Ca2+ for the control of insulin release by the sugar. PMID- 3902018 TI - Synthesis and secretion of an epidermal growth factor (EGF) by human fibroblast cells in culture. AB - Human fibroblast (WS-1) cells in culture synthesized and secreted an epidermal growth factor which cross-reacted with human epidermal growth factor (hEGF) purified from human urine. hEGF secreted by the cells (designated as WS-1 EGF or fibroblast EGF) and hEGF isolated from urine (designated as urine EGF) were immunologically indistinguishable. The molecular weight of fibroblast EGF estimated by gel filtration was identical with that of hEGF from urine. On chromatofocusing chromatography, fibroblast EGF was eluted mainly at pH 4.26 as a sharp symmetric peak with a minor peak at pH 4.62, like urine EGF. These results suggested that EGF synthesized and secreted by human fibroblast cells is an identical molecule to that of hEGF in human urine. PMID- 3902019 TI - Genes for insulin I and II, parathyroid hormone, and calcitonin are on rat chromosome 1. AB - Insulin, parathyroid hormone, and calcitonin are polypeptide hormones that regulate important physiological processes in target tissues. Rat genes encoding each hormone were chromosomally assigned to rat chromosome 1. Both rats and mice have two insulin genes (I and II). However, in contrast to mice in which insulin I and II are asyntenic, rat insulin I and II were both localized to chromosome 1. This study identifies a conserved syntenic group on rat chromosome 1, and implies that mouse insulin I and II genes were chromosomally separated after rats and mice diverged 20-35 million years ago. PMID- 3902020 TI - Amino acid sequence of the intracellular cysteine proteinase inhibitor cystatin B from human liver. AB - The complete amino acid sequence of the cysteine proteinase inhibitor cystatin B (formerly named CPI-B) from human liver was determined. The 98-residue sequence (Mr = 11,175) was obtained by automated solid-phase Edman degradation of a large cyanogen bromide fragment and peptides generated by enzymatic cleavage. The protein starts with a blocked Met-Met sequence which is presumably N-acetylated. The sequence shows that human cystatin B is a member of the family of intracellular cystatins; it is 79% identical with cystatin beta from rat liver, but contains only a single cysteine. Human cystatin B is able to form a dimer stabilized by noncovalent forces. PMID- 3902021 TI - Proteolytic activation of protein kinase C by membrane-bound protease in rat liver plasma membrane. AB - Incubation of rat liver plasma membrane produced histone phosphorylating activity at 75 mM Mg2+ in the soluble fraction. The release of the kinase activity was inhibited by leupeptin and bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor, suggesting the involvement of membrane-bound protease. When partially purified protein kinase C from rat liver cytosol was treated with the trypsin-like protease purified from rat liver plasma membrane, histone phosphorylating kinase which was independent of Ca2+ and phospholipids, produced with a molecular weight of about 5 X 10(4). These results suggest that membrane-bound, trypsin-like protease activates protein kinase C in plasma membrane and the activated kinase is released from the membrane to the soluble fraction. PMID- 3902022 TI - Pyelonephritis alters the reabsorption of nutrients and brush border membrane enzymes of rat kidney. AB - The uptake of nutrients and activities of membrane enzymes in the kidney were investigated using renal brush border membrane (BBM) vesicles in acute pyelonephritis in rats. A significant decrease (P less than 0.001) in the uptake of D-glucose and L-phenylalanine was observed in both the unobstructed right and obstructed left kidney, while there was a significant increase (P less than 0.001) in the uptake of L-alanine in the left kidney of pyelonephritic rats, demonstrating disturbances in the reabsorption of the glucose and aminoacids in the kidneys. Vmax of alkaline phosphatase, leucine-amino-peptidase and maltase was found to be decreased in the left kidney, suggesting that there was a reduction in the active enzyme molecule number. Km of alkaline phosphatase and leucine-aminopeptidase remained unchanged, while km of maltase decreased in both the right and left kidneys. An increase in the Vmax of alkaline phosphatase and leucine-aminopeptidase and substrate affinity of the maltase in the right kidney demonstrated a compensatory phenomenon for the malfunctioning of the left kidney. This is the first report demonstrating alterations in reabsorption of nutrients and BBM enzymes in experimental pyelonephritis. PMID- 3902024 TI - Bacteriophage P22 helps bacteriophage MB78 to overcome the transcription inhibition in rifampicin resistant mutant of Salmonella typhimurium. AB - Bacteriophage MB78 cannot grow on rifampicin resistant mutant of host Salmonella typhimurium (rif39) which contains an altered beta subunit of RNA polymerase. Bacteriophage P22, however, grows normally in rif39 both in the presence or absence of rifampicin. Perhaps MB78 promoter is not recognized by altered RNA polymerase. As the phage P22 helps MB78 to grow to some extent on rif39, hybrids between P22 and MB78 have been isolated. Hybrid phage which can grow on rif39 contains mostly genes from MB78 although a small portion (15-20 per cent) of the genome belongs to P22 genome which helps MB78 to overcome the transcription inhibition in the host mutant with altered RNA polymerase. PMID- 3902023 TI - Inhibition of cell-surface neutral protease of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells by potassium p-(3,3-dimethyl-1-triazeno) benzoate. AB - Ehrlich ascites tumour (EAT) cells possess a trypsin-like neutral protease on the cell surface. The antimetastatic triazene drug potassium p-(3,3-dimethyl-1 triazeno) benzoate (DM-COOK) inhibits this neutral protease, and also trypsin. Incubation of EAT cells with human erythrocytes (ratio of 1 to 5) at 37 degrees C for 18 h caused haemolysis of 28.8% of the erythrocytes. Addition of millimolar concentrations of DM-COOK to a fixed quantity (2.5 X 10(8)) of EAT cells caused a dose-related inhibition of haemolysis. DM-COOK was strongly bound to EAT cells and could not be removed by repeated washing. PMID- 3902025 TI - Diclofenac sodium, a negative chemokinetic factor for neutrophil locomotion. AB - Diclofenac sodium, a non steroidal anti-inflammatory agent, was studied for its influence on the locomotion of human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN), in an attempt to define the mechanism governing the drug's anti-inflammatory properties. PMN locomotion was measured by the agarose technique under two conditions of stimulation of cell migration: in the presence of a gradient of stimuli (chemotaxis) and in the presence of various amounts of stimuli incorporated in the gel (chemokinesis). At concentrations below 10 micrograms/ml, diclofenac in the gel reduced, in a dose-dependent manner, the directed locomotion of PMN induced by a gradient of C5a-activated serum, peptide N-formyl methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) or Klebsiella pneumoniae culture supernatant (KPCS). Diclofenac also inhibited the random locomotion of unstimulated PMN, as well as the PMN chemokinetic activity induced by various amounts of FMLP or activated serum. Inhibition of PMN locomotion by diclofenac decreased when the concentration of the stimulant was raised; this inhibition was inversely related to the concentration of heat-inactivated fetal calf serum in the medium. The directed locomotion and chemokinesis of PMN, induced by FMLP were also reduced in PMN preincubated with diclofenac before migration, suggesting a direct cellular effect of diclofenac. On the other hand, diclofenac did not affect the changes in shape induced in floating PMN by FMLP or activated serum. The observation that diclofenac did not alter the ingestion rate of bacteria by PMN indicates that this drug is not cytotoxic for PMN. Consequently, diclofenac reduces PMN locomotion by interfering with the PMN chemokinetic activity. Diclofenac is an anti-inflammatory drug possessing the original property of acting as a negative chemokinetic agent, for migration of both stimulated and unstimulated PMN. It should therefore be a useful tool for analyzing the elements controlling PMN locomotion speed. PMID- 3902026 TI - Induction of DNA strand breaks by RSU-1069, a nitroimidazole-aziridine radiosensitizer. Role of binding of both unreduced and radiation-reduced forms to DNA, in vitro. AB - [2-14C]-RSU-1069 [1-(2-nitro-1-imidazolyl)-3-(1-aziridino)-2-propanol], either as a parent (unreduced) or following radiation reduction, binds to calf thymus DNA in vitro. Radiation-reduced RSU-1069 binds to a greater extent and more rapidly than the parent compound. RSU-1137, a nonaziridino analogue of RSU-1069, binds following radiation reduction. Radiation-reduced misonidazole (1-(2-nitro-1 imidazolyl)-3-methoxy-2-propanol) exhibits binding ratios a thousand-fold less than those of reduced RSU-1069. There is no evidence for binding of parent misonidazole. Both parent and reduced RSU-1069 cause single strand breaks (ssbs) in pSV2 gpt plasmid DNA with the reduced compound causing a greater number of breaks. Parent and reduced RSU-1137 and misonidazole do not cause ssbs. It is inferred that the aziridine moiety present in both parent and reduced RSU-1069 is required for ssb production. RSU-1069 reacts with inorganic phosphate probably via nucleophilic ring-opening of the aziridine fragment. Incubation of plasmid DNA with reduced RSU-1069 in the presence of either phosphate or deoxyribose-5 phosphate at concentrations greater than 0.35 mol dm-3 prevents strand breakage, whereas 1.2 mol dm-3 deoxyribose does not protect against strand breakage formation. From these findings it is proposed that the observed binding to DNA occurs via the aziridine and the reduced nitro group of RSU-1069 and that these two have different target sites. Binding to DNA via the reduced nitro group may serve to increase aziridine attack due to localization at or near its target. PMID- 3902027 TI - Metabolism of carbidopa to alpha-methyldopamine and alpha-methylnorepinephrine in rats. AB - Recent observations on the central and peripheral actions of carbidopa (CD) combined with our own results with the compound led us to examine its metabolism and effects on brain catecholamines in rats. CD was found to undergo a two-stage N-deamination process in vivo giving rise to alpha-methyldopa (AMD) and alpha methyldopamine respectively. Further, beta-hydroxylation yielded alpha methylnorepinephrine. These metabolic products were demonstrated in rat brain with reductions in norepinephrine and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol, and little effect on dopamine. These results are consistent with the alpha-2 agonist effects of alpha-methylnorepinephrine. The relative formation of alpha-methyldopamine from CD was about 26% of an equivalent dose of AMD. It is concluded that some of the central effects of CD may be mediated by its metabolism to AMD, which readily crosses the blood-brain barrier. Possible implications of the findings are discussed. PMID- 3902028 TI - Mutagenicity of cysteine and penicillamine and its enantiomeric selectivity. AB - We previously observed that postmitochondrial supernatant (S9) from rat liver and kidney homogenates transforms L-cysteine into a mutagen that reverts bacteria of the strain Salmonella typhimurium TA100 to histidine independence. In the present study the enantiomers of cysteine and penicillamine (beta, beta-dimethylcysteine) have been investigated for mutagenicity. The Salmonella typhimurium strain TA92 was found to be more sensitive than TA100 to the mutagenic action of L-cysteine and was therefore also included. This strain allowed the unambiguous realization of a (weak) mutagenic effect of L-cysteine even in the absence of mammalian enzyme preparations. D-cysteine did not show mutagenicity under any experimental conditions. However, it was strongly bacteriotoxic. On the other hand, both enantiomers of penicillamine exerted clear mutagenic effects. Qualitatively, their mutagenicity was similar to that of L-cysteine in the following respects: the penicillamines were directly mutagenic, their mutagenicity was enhanced by S9, kidney S9 enhanced the mutagenicity more than did liver S9, TA92 was more sensitive than TA100. Thereby it is noteworthy that the ratios of the specific mutagenicities in the two strains were virtually identical in the direct, kidney S9-mediated and liver-S9-mediated tests suggesting that the ultimate mutagens under these different metabolic conditions were identical. On the other hand, substantial quantitative differences in the mutagenicity between the beta-thiol amino acids were observed. L-penicillamine was about eight times more mutagenic than the clinically used enantiomer, D-penicillamine. In the direct tests, the mutagenic potency of L-cysteine was equal to that of D-penicillamine. In the S9 mediated experiments, the mutagenic potency of L-cysteine was intermediate between those of L- and D-penicillamine. PMID- 3902029 TI - [Primary structure of 20S,22R-cholesterol-hydroxylating cytochrome P-450 from bovine adrenal cortex mitochondria. III. Primary structure of peptides produced by hydrolysis of the fragment F2 with proteinase from Staphylococcus aureus]. AB - Primary structure of F2 fragment resulting from limited trypsinolysis of the native cytochrome P-450 has been investigated. Hydrolysis of F2 fragment with proteinase from Staphylococcus aureus afforded 18 homogeneous peptides covering the whole polypeptide chain of the fragment. Complete amino acid sequences were established for 16 peptides, two peptides being elucidated partially. The above data in combination with structural study of chymotryptic peptides of cytochrome P-450 and tryptic peptides of F2 fragment led to reconstitution of six peptide blocks of F2 fragment comprising 203 amino acid residues. PMID- 3902030 TI - [Biosynthesis of tritium-labeled S-adenosyl-L-methionine in yeast cells]. AB - Biosynthetic preparation of S-adenosyl-L-[methyl-3H]methionine from L-[methyl 3H]methionine by cultivation of diploid yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (methionine-auxotrophic) in a cultural medium with the high concentration of L methionine is described. The radiochemical purity was over 95%. Biological activity of the preparations has been shown in transmethylation reactions in the presence of the yeast homocysteine-methyltransferase. PMID- 3902031 TI - ARA Kunkel memorial lecture. Murine lupus. A model for human autoimmunity. PMID- 3902033 TI - ASHA interviews Kenneth O. Johnson. Interview by Russel L. Malone. PMID- 3902034 TI - The early development of audiometric audiology in the United States. PMID- 3902035 TI - Graduate education in gerontology. PMID- 3902032 TI - Extracellular matrix-cytoskeletal interactions in rheumatoid arthritis. I. Immunoelectron microscopic analysis of the fibronexus at the adhesive surface of normal porcine type B synoviocytes in vitro. AB - We studied cell surface interactions between the fibronectin (FN)-containing extracellular matrix and the actin cytoskeleton of normal porcine synoviocytes in vitro, using electron microscopic methods. These type B synovial cells were distinguishable from dermal fibroblasts co-isolated from the same organism, because of their very long cellular processes and their ability to synthesize prostaglandin E2 after stimulation with interleukin-1. With plastic sections, we found end-to-end (tandem) and track-like (lateral) transmembrane associations of extracellular fibers and cortical 5-nm microfilaments localized along the attenuated synoviocyte processes in postconfluent cultures. Very similar FN-actin complexes, termed fibronexus (FNX), have been observed on cultured fibroblasts and on granulation tissue myofibroblasts in vivo. Using double-label immunoelectron microscopy with monospecific antibodies applied to ultrathin frozen sections of synoviocytes cut in situ, we proved that these FNX were indeed composed of associated FN and actin filaments. The striking finding of numerous FNX in cultured type B synoviocytes strongly suggests that the FNX is a major cell surface adhesion site in normal synovium, which may play an important role in pannus formation, connective tissue remodeling, and synoviocyte proliferation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 3902036 TI - Learning disabilities: issues in the preparation of professional personnel. PMID- 3902037 TI - Serum lipids and lipoproteins in middle-aged non-insulin-dependent diabetics. AB - Serum lipids and lipoproteins were measured in 277 non-insulin-dependent diabetics (NIDDs) and in 124 non-diabetic control subjects (65 males, 59 females), aged 45-64 years. Altogether 88 of the diabetics were treated with diet (48 males, 40 females), 134 with oral drugs (56 males and 49 females treated with sulphonylureas, 14 males and 15 females treated with a combination therapy of sulphonylurea drug and metformin) and 55 with insulin (17 males, 38 females). The postglucagon C-peptide concentration in insulin-treated diabetics exceeded 0.60 nmol/l. The diabetics had lower levels of HDL and HDL2 cholesterol and higher levels of total and VLDL triglycerides than non-diabetic control subjects irrespective of the mode of treatment. The HDL2 subfraction seemed to be alone responsible for the decrease of HDL cholesterol. In the whole group of diabetics body mass index had a significant negative correlation to HDL cholesterol and a positive correlation to total triglyceride concentration in both sexes but plasma glucose failed to show any consistent association to HDL cholesterol concentration. The difference in HDL cholesterol between diabetics and non diabetics persisted after adjustment for age, physical activity, alcohol intake and body mass index. In conclusion, the dyslipoproteinaemia in non-insulin dependent diabetes is principally characterized by decreased HDL and HDL2 cholesterol concentrations and by increased total and VLDL triglycerides. These manifestations of dyslipoproteinaemia are little influenced by the degree of glycaemia and obesity. PMID- 3902038 TI - Double-blind controlled trial of bromocriptine, chlordiazepoxide and chlormethiazole for alcohol withdrawal symptoms. AB - Seventy-one patients undergoing withdrawal from alcohol were randomly assigned to treatment with oral bromocriptine, chlormethiazole or chlordiazepoxide. Forty-one percent had alcoholic hepatitis and/or cirrhosis. Patients were stratified into two groups: major and minor withdrawal symptoms. The latter group included a placebo tratment. Bromocriptine was ineffective in treating withdrawal symptoms, whilst chlormethiazole and chlordiazepoxide were equally effective. These findings do not support the evidence from animal and clinical studies suggesting that the disturbances in the dopaminergic system found in alcohol dependence and withdrawal can be reversed by dopamine agonists. PMID- 3902039 TI - Changes in insulin therapy during pregnancy. AB - Care of the diabetic pregnant woman requires a proper understanding of anticipated changes in insulin therapy as a guide for establishing and maintaining strict glucose control. Changes in daily insulin doses were reviewed for 58 pregnancies of 50 insulin-dependent women who were followed for 26 +/- 3 weeks (mean +/- 1 SD) before delivery. By late gestation, insulin was administered on two or three occasions each day using a combination of regular- and intermediate--acting preparations in 55 (95%) pregnancies. Regardless of the metabolic control and duration of diabetes, averaged daily insulin requirements increased twofold from earlier in pregnancy. Following initial hospitalization, insulin requirements often decreased before increasing almost linearly between 2 and 9 months gestation. Fluctuations in insulin requirements were greatest during the last trimester. Insulin demand dropped precipitously after delivery and was two-thirds the averaged prepregnancy insulin dose or one-third the dose at 9 months gestation by the third postpartum day. The total average insulin dose was the same as that before pregnancy by the end of the first postpartum week. Explanations for these changes in prescribing insulin are described. PMID- 3902040 TI - Effect of maternal intravenous glucose administration on fetal heart rate patterns and fetal breathing. AB - This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of maternal intravenous (IV) administration of glucose on fetal breathing and its associated fetal heart patterns. Sixteen healthy women at term gestation participated in the study. The outcome of each of the pregnancies was normal. Fetal breathing and fetal electrocardiograms were simultaneously recorded by real time sonography and a fetal monitor respectively, and then digitized into a microcomputer. These women were studied for a 25-minute control period, given 50 gm of glucose IV and then, 20 minutes later, restudied for an additional 25-minute period. The results indicate that fetal breathing movements lasted for 24.8 +/- 6.2 percent of the time during the control period (mean +/- SEM) and were increased to 63.2 +/- 11.5 percent following the injection of glucose (P less than 0.01). Fetal heart rate decreased during fetal breathing by 2.3 and 2.1 beats per minute, before and after glucose administration, respectively (NS). Fetal breathing was associated with increased beat-to-beat variability by 1.32 +/- 0.5 and 1.27 +/- 0.3, before and after glucose administration, respectively (NS). This study confirms previous reports that the amount of time the fetus spends making breathing movements is significantly increased following maternal glucose administration, and demonstrates that the injection of glucose does not alter the modulation of fetal heart rate and beat-to-beat variability by fetal breathing. PMID- 3902041 TI - [Changes in the position of the gingival margin in patients treated for periodontal disease, following gingival retraction using 6 different technics]. PMID- 3902042 TI - [Action of acid etching on the enamel of deciduous teeth]. PMID- 3902043 TI - Rehabilitation after dialysis and kidney transplantation. PMID- 3902044 TI - Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn: diagnosis and management by the primary care physician. PMID- 3902045 TI - [Monsters, martyrs or examples: teratology in Puerto Rico, from 1798 to 1808]. PMID- 3902046 TI - Clinical research: the pharmaceutical industry's point of view. PMID- 3902047 TI - Steroids: a surgeon's view. PMID- 3902048 TI - Reproducibility of nucleolar measurements in human intraocular melanoma cells on standard histologic microslides. AB - The standard deviation of nucleolar area (SDNA), as determined by semiautomated measurement of routinely prepared histologic sections, has been shown to be an effective predictor of mortality for human intraocular melanoma. One hundred cases of this tumor underwent two independent determinations of SDNA by each of two technicians using the same device. One technician performed the two measurements within two months, the other within three weeks. Analysis of these 400 values revealed the following: the more experienced of the two technicians achieved an acceptable level of reproducibility in determining SDNA; the less experienced technician achieved a lower level of reproducibility; a systematic bias was found upon comparing SDNA values of the two technicians; and this bias can be partially corrected by applying a linear transform. These findings support the value of SDNA as a practical clinical measure of malignant potential for intraocular melanoma but also suggest that experience can enhance the reproducibility of a technician's measurements. PMID- 3902049 TI - Quantitative description of chromatin structure during neoplasia by the method of image processing. AB - Nuclear chromatin is visualized by light microscopy as a mosaic of interchanging regions of low and high optical density (O.D.). The regions of high O.D. are well defined as chromatin particles; features characterizing these particles enable the description of chromatin structure and the recognition of its changes during neoplasia. This paper presents a method of feature extraction by means of digital image analysis, based on a localization algorithm with locally adaptive thresholding. Although the chromatin particles varied greatly in their O.D., the algorithm enabled the identification of significant numbers of particles, which is essential in characterizing the complex architecture of chromatin. The results obtained by studying neoplastic nuclei and nuclei from control tissue suggest that the appearance of an additional class of chromatin particles, defined by their localization and optical density, is typical of chromatin changes during neoplasia. PMID- 3902050 TI - Stereology in the extraction of information from images. AB - Some important aspects for information extraction by stereology from images in surgical and experimental pathology are discussed. The relationship between stereology and morphometry is briefly discussed, with the most important conditions for stereologic analysis in pathology pointed out. The possibilities, limits and problems inherent in stereologic and morphometric analysis in pathology are explained in two examples: so-called "small airways disease" and tight junctions of hepatocytes during physiologic choleresis. PMID- 3902051 TI - Production, characterization, and clinical utility of carcinoembryonic antigen. PMID- 3902052 TI - Genetic engineering of human interferons from lymphoblastoid cells: II. Construction of trp expression plasmids and their use for efficient expression of IFN-alpha J1. PMID- 3902053 TI - Blood fractionation: proteins. PMID- 3902054 TI - Genetic engineering of human interferons from lymphoblastoid cells: III. Purification, physicochemical and biological properties of bacterial IFN-alpha J1. PMID- 3902055 TI - Electrofusion: a novel hybridization technique. PMID- 3902056 TI - [Preparation and preliminary studies on the in vitro antifungal activity of 1,2 benzodithiol-3-thione derivatives]. PMID- 3902058 TI - Church Hospital: a brief history. PMID- 3902057 TI - [Treatment of patients with congestive heart failure with coenzyme Q10 in an open trial]. PMID- 3902059 TI - Three decades of service: Elsie M. Lawler. PMID- 3902060 TI - [The dermo-epidermal junction in inflammatory diseases of the connective tissue]. PMID- 3902061 TI - Pathophysiology and pharmacology of intraocular surgery. AB - Meticulous studies of the pathophysiology of postoperative eyes are mandatory to find the means of reducing the risks of intraocular surgery. Various methods of examination developed for this purpose are described and their clinical significance discussed. The corneal endothelium shows no proliferative capacity even after injury and great care must be taken to protect this vulnerable cell layer. Drugs may be toxic to the corneal endothelium and their use during surgery must be exercised with caution. The intraocular irrigating solutions must contain calcium and have an appropriate salt composition. Pupillary constriction that occurs during extracapsular cataract extraction is due mainly to prostaglandins synthesized as a result of surgical trauma; this can be prevented by the preoperative use of topical indomethacin. Breakdown of the blood-aqueous barrier after intraocular surgery may also be due to a similar mechanism, and preoperative topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (indomethacin, flurbiprofen and diclofenac) can prevent this phenomenon, as studied by fluorophotometry. Topical indomethacin also prevents cystoid macular oedema after cataract surgery. Based on the biochemical findings on inflammation after tissue injury, a protocol for the preoperative and postoperative use of corticosteroid and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents is proposed for anterior segment surgery. PMID- 3902062 TI - A comparative study of the efficacy of aspirin and an ibuprofen/codeine combination in patients treated pre-operatively with methylprednisolone acetate. PMID- 3902063 TI - William Alfred Hunt (1845-1929): local anaesthetic pioneer. PMID- 3902064 TI - Noise-induced hearing loss and the dentist. PMID- 3902065 TI - Mercury vapour released during the removal of old amalgam restorations. PMID- 3902066 TI - The practical implications of the coronary artery surgery trials. PMID- 3902067 TI - Captopril mediated decrease of aortic regurgitation. AB - The effect of captopril mediated afterload reduction on aortic regurgitation was investigated in 10 patients. Regurgitation was quantitated by means of the regurgitation fraction and the relation of regurgitant volume to end diastolic volume. These variables were derived from gated radionuclide ventriculography. After captopril treatment the blood concentration of angiotensin I rose whereas that of angiotensin II fell significantly. The conversion of angiotensin I to II was reduced to about 50% of the control value. Whereas blood pressure and heart rate did not change significantly, the regurgitation fraction and the regurgitant volume, normalised to end diastolic volume, were significantly reduced by captopril treatment. The ejection fraction remained essentially unchanged. These findings suggest that captopril reduces aortic regurgitation by reducing afterload. PMID- 3902068 TI - Bleeding complications of intracoronary fibrinolytic therapy in acute myocardial infarction. Assessment of risk in a randomised trial. AB - The risk of bleeding associated with intracoronary infusion of streptokinase in acute myocardial infarction was determined in a randomised controlled trial containing 302 patients under the age of 70. Intracoronary streptokinase infusion was given to 152 patients and 150 patients were treated conventionally. Bleeding was seen in 24 (16%) patients in the streptokinase group and in two of the conventionally treated patients. Bleeding was most common (28%) in patients over the age of 60 years. The groin was the site of bleeding in all patients except one. In the first 48 hours after admission the haematocrit in streptokinase treated patients with manifest bleeding fell by 0.07 (0.04) (mean (SD)). The fall in haematocrit in the streptokinase treated patients without manifest bleeding was 0.05 (0.04) and in the conventionally treated patients it fell by 0.03 (0.04). Sixty six units of packed cells were transfused in the streptokinase group (50 units to those who bled); the control group required only 17 units. There were no deaths due to bleeding. The occurrence of bleeding and the fall in haematocrit in the streptokinase group correlated with the occurrence of systemic fibrinolysis but not with the dose of streptokinase given. Thus, in about 15% of patients treatment with intracoronary streptokinase resulted in significant non fatal bleeding from the femoral puncture site that required substantial transfusion support. Furthermore, there was a significant drop in haematocrit in patients without manifest bleeding. These results emphasise the need for more specific fibrinolytic agents. PMID- 3902069 TI - Mitral valve prolapse, aortic compliance, and skin collagen in joint hypermobility syndrome. AB - Mitral valve prolapse was sought clinically and with phonocardiography and M mode and sector echocardiography in 15 women aged 22-57 years with joint hypermobility syndrome. The type III:III + I collagen ratio was measured in skin biopsy specimens and was found to be raised in seven of 10 patients sampled. Thirteen patients had increased aortic wall compliance measured by the continuous wave Doppler ultrasound technique. Ten (67%) patients had mitral valve prolapse shown by auscultatory signs or echocardiography or both--a prevalence at least three times greater than that in the general adult population. It is concluded that if the abnormality of collagen biosynthesis found in skin biopsy samples in these patients is also present in their mitral valve tissue this may predispose them to prolapse of the valve. PMID- 3902070 TI - Cardiac transplantation. PMID- 3902072 TI - Assisted ventilation at home: is it worth considering? PMID- 3902071 TI - Clinical studies with calcium antagonists in asthma. PMID- 3902073 TI - Pragmatic disorders: a question of direction. PMID- 3902074 TI - Ultrasound demonstration of increased frequency of functional ovarian cysts in women using progestogen-only oral contraception. AB - Asymptomatic volunteer women with a regular pattern of uterine bleeding and using the progestogen-only oral contraceptive pill were compared with control women who were not exposed to hormones. Pelvic ultrasound scanning at the end of the next bleeding episode after recruitment demonstrated functional cysts with maximum diameters ranging between 30 and 58 mm in eight of the 21 pill users, four of whom also had palpable ovaries, three cysts regressed during the next cycle. Of the 13 women with normal ovaries initially, four developed a new functional cyst of which two were associated with pain. Of the 12 women with cysts seven complained of pain at some time during the monitored cycle. Among 21 control women only one symptom-free (42 mm) cyst was shown on the initial postmenstrual ultrasound scan and this resolved painlessly during the scanned cycle with ovulation from the opposite ovary. Ovulation was also demonstrated in 16 of the remainder; but in none of the three control women who developed asymptomatic functional cysts (35-47 mm in size) while under observation. Since 11 of the 14 pill-users who failed to ovulate also had a functional cyst, the contraceptive efficacy may depend in part on this association. Pain symptoms may make the method less acceptable and give rise to diagnostic problems and inappropriate therapies. PMID- 3902075 TI - Quickening--a re-evaluation. AB - In a prospective study, 200 patients with accurate menstrual data, assessed clinically and by early ultrasound, recorded their date of quickening. Fetal movements were first noted by primigravidae at a mean gestation of 19.04 weeks (SD 1.5) and by multigravidae at 17.4 weeks (SD 1.7). Since the range in both groups was wide: 15-22 weeks for primigravidae and 14-22 weeks for multigravidae, quickening was of limited value in estimating gestational age. PMID- 3902077 TI - Characterization of soybean trypsin inhibitor sensitive protease from unfertilized sea urchin eggs. AB - A serine protease from sea urchin eggs has been isolated by affinity chromatography on soybean trypsin inhibitor-agarose. Benzamidine hydrochloride was included to minimize autodegradation. We present data on the properties of the protease with respect to molecular weight and its interaction with trypsin inhibitors and substrates. The molecular weight of the enzyme is 47 000 by gel filtration under nonreducing conditions and 35 000 by electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate and dithiothreitol. The pH optimum and Km with N alpha-benzoyl-L-arginine ethyl ester (BAEE) are 8.0 and 75 microM, respectively. The specific activity is comparable to that of bovine pancreatic trypsin. Proteolytic activity was measured by beta-casein hydrolysis. The caseinolytic activity is completely inhibited by 1 mumol of soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI) per micromole of enzyme. BAEE esterase activity is inhibited competitively by SBTI (Ki = 1.6 nM), lima bean trypsin inhibitor (150 nM), chicken ovomucoid (100 nM), and leupeptin (130 nM). Bowman-Birk inhibitor, benzamidine hydrochloride, and antipain are also inhibitors of the purified enzyme. Inhibition by phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride and N alpha-p-tosyl-L-lysine chloromethyl ketone indicates the presence of serine and histidine residues in the active center, respectively. The chymotrypsin inhibitor L-1-(tosylamido)-2 phenylethyl chloromethyl ketone is ineffective. The protease is susceptible to autodegradation which can result in the appearance of a minor 23-kilodalton component. The egg protease appears to be similar in many respects to trypsins and trypsin-like enzymes isolated from a wide variety of sources, including sea urchin and mammalian sperm. PMID- 3902076 TI - Thermal denaturation of the core protein of lac repressor. AB - The thermal denaturation of the core protein of lac repressor was studied alone and in the presence of the inducer isopropyl beta-D-thiogalactoside (IPTG) and the antiinducer o-nitrophenyl beta-D-fucoside (ONPF) by means of high-sensitivity differential scanning calorimetry. The denaturation that takes place at about 65 degrees C is apparently irreversible; i.e., a rescan of a previously scanned sample of protein solution shows no denaturational endotherm. Despite this irreversibility, the denaturation appeared to follow quantitatively the dictates of equilibrium thermodynamics as embodied in the van't Hoff equation. The results obtained indicate clearly that the tetrameric protein dissociates to monomers during denaturation and that the ligands are not dissociated until denaturation takes place. The enthalpy of denaturation of the protein is 4.57 +/- 0.25 cal g-1 and is independent of temperature. The enthalpies of dissociation of IPTG and ONPF at the denaturation temperature are very large, 37 and 42 kcal (mol of ligand)-1, respectively. PMID- 3902078 TI - Rate-limiting steps in the DNA polymerase I reaction pathway. AB - The initial rates of incorporation of dTTP and thymidine 5'-O-(3 thiotriphosphate) (dTTP alpha S) into poly(dA) X oligo(dT) during template directed synthesis by the large fragment of DNA polymerase I have been measured by using a rapid-quench technique. The rates were initially equal, indicating a nonrate-limiting chemical step. However, the rate of thionucleotide incorporation steadily diminished to 10% of its initial value as the number of consecutive dTMP alpha S residues in the primer strand increased. This anomalous behavior can be attributed to the helix instability inherent in phosphorothioate-containing duplexes. Positional isotope exchange experiments employing the labeled substrate [alpha-18O2]dATP have revealed negligible alpha, beta-bridging----beta nonbridging isotope exchange in template-directed reactions of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I (Pol I) both in the presence and in the absence of added inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi), suggesting rapid PPi release following the chemical step. These observations are consistent with a rate-limiting step that is tentatively assigned to a conformational change of the E X DNA X dNTP complex immediately preceding the chemical step. In addition, the substrate analogue (Sp) dATP alpha S has been employed to examine the mechanism of the PPi exchange reaction catalyzed by Pol I. The net retention of configuration at the alpha-P is interpreted in terms of two consecutive inversion reactions, namely, 3'-hydroxyl attack, followed by PPi attack on the newly formed primer terminus. Kinetic analysis has revealed that while alpha-phosphorothioate substitution has no effect upon the initial rate of polymerization, it does attenuate the PPi exchange reaction by a factor of 15-18 fold.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3902079 TI - Thymine lesions produced by ionizing radiation in double-stranded DNA. AB - A DNA glycosylase which catalyzes the release of thymine residues damaged by ring saturation, fragmentation, or ring contraction from double-stranded DNA has been used to characterize such base derivatives in gamma-irradiated DNA. It is shown by chromatographic analysis that irradiation of DNA in neutral solution generates the ring-saturated forms cis-thymine glycol, trans-thymine glycol, and a monohydroxydihydrothymine, probably 6-hydroxy-5,6-dihydrothymine. The latter compound is only observed after irradiation under hypoxic conditions. The ring contracted thymine derivative 5-hydroxy-5-methylhydantoin is also formed, and it is the major lesion after irradiation of DNA under O2. Ring-fragmented products such as methyltartronylurea were only generated in small quantities. Isolation and analysis of the DNA from gamma-irradiated human cells also revealed the formation of ring-saturated thymine derivatives, but 5-hydroxy-5-methylhydantoin was not found in this case. PMID- 3902080 TI - Formaldehyde metabolism by Escherichia coli. Carbon and solvent deuterium incorporation into glycerol, 1,2-propanediol, and 1,3-propanediol. AB - Escherichia coli were grown on 14.3% uniformly 13C-labeled glucose as the sole carbon source and challenged anaerobically with 90% 13C-labeled formaldehyde. The major multiply labeled metabolites were identified by 13C NMR spectroscopy to be glycerol and 1,2-propanediol, and a minor metabolite was shown to be 1,3 propanediol. In each case, formaldehyde is incorporated only into the C1 position. A novel form of 13C NMR isotope dilution analysis of the major products reveals that all the 1,2-diol C1 is formaldehyde derived but that about 40% of the glycerol C1 is derived from bacterial sources. Glycerokinase converted the metabolite [1-13C]glycerol to equal amounts of [3-13C]glycerol 3-phosphate and [1 13C]glycerol 3-phosphate, demonstrating that the metabolite is racemic. When [13C]formaldehyde incubation was carried out in H2O/D2O mixtures, deuterium incorporation was detected by beta- and gamma-isotope shifts. The 1,3-diol is deuterium labeled only at C2 and only once, while the 1,2-diol and glycerol are each labeled independently at both C2 and C3; C3 is multiply labeled. Deuterium incorporation levels are different for each metabolite, indicating that the biosynthetic pathways probably diverge early. PMID- 3902081 TI - Synthesis of an insulin-like compound consisting of the A chain of insulin and a B chain corresponding to the B domain of human insulin-like growth factor I. AB - An insulin-like hybrid molecule consisting of the A chain of insulin and a B chain corresponding to the B domain of human insulin-like growth factor I (growth factor I sequence 1-30) has been synthesized essentially by the procedures developed in this laboratory for the synthesis of insulin and analogues. The hybrid competed with 125I-insulin for insulin receptors in rat liver plasma membranes and was a full agonist in stimulating incorporation of [3(-3)H]glucose into lipids in rat adipocytes. In both assays, the compound displayed ca. 2% of the potency of insulin. The compound was recognized by anti-insulin antibodies but was only ca. 0.25% as potent as insulin in this activity. The hybrid exhibited growth-promoting activity in fibroblasts, displaying 3-8% of the activity of insulin. In contrast, the compound was recognized by insulin-like growth factor carrier proteins, a property not associated with insulin. Two points of nonhomology between the B chain of insulin and the B domain of insulin like growth factor I are considered in connection with these observations. PMID- 3902082 TI - Complete assignment of the imino protons of Escherichia coli valine transfer RNA: two-dimensional NMR studies in water. AB - The imino proton spectrum of Escherichia coli valine tRNA has been studied by two dimensional nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (NOESY) in H2O solution. The small nuclear Overhauser effects from the imino proton of an internal base pair to the imino protons of each nearest neighbor can be observed as off-diagonal cross-peaks. In this way most of the sequential NOE connectivity trains for all the helices in this molecule can be determined in a single experiment. AU resonances can be distinguished from GC resonances by the AU imino NOE to the aromatic adenine C2-H, thus leading to specific base-pair assignments. In general, the NOESY spectrum alone is not capable of assigning every imino proton resonance even in well-resolved tRNA spectra. Multiple proton peaks exhibit more than two cross-peaks, resulting in ambiguous connectivities, and coupling between protons with similar chemical shifts produces cross-peaks that are incompletely resolved from the diagonal. The sequence of the particular tRNA determines the occurrence of the latter problem, which can often be solved by careful one dimensional experiments. The complete imino proton assignments of E. coli valine tRNA are presented. PMID- 3902083 TI - Assignment of the low-field 1H NMR spectrum of Escherichia coli tRNAPhe using nuclear Overhauser effects. AB - The imino region of the proton NMR spectrum of Escherichia coli tRNAPhe has been largely assigned from the nuclear Overhauser effects between neighboring bases. These have led to the unambiguous assignment of the imino protons of the ribothymidine stem and of most of the dihydrouridine stem of this tRNA and given several other sets of connectivities. These connectivities are discussed in reference to the previously reported temperature studies of the spectrum [Hurd, R. E., & Reid, B. R. (1980) J. Mol. Biol. 142, 1981] and compared with assignments of other tRNAs resulting in tentative assignments of the rest of the spectrum. PMID- 3902084 TI - NMR studies of ion binding to Escherichia coli tRNAPhe. AB - The effects of magnesium, spermine, and temperature on the conformation of Escherichia coli tRNAPhe have been examined by proton and phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. In the low-field proton NMR spectra we have characterized two slowly interconverting conformations of this tRNA at low magnesium ion concentrations. The relative proportion of the conformers is ion dependent but not ion specific. Magnesium affects protons in all the stems of tRNA while spermine effects are localized near the s4U-8-A-14 and G-15-C-48 tertiary bonds. The effects seen in the proton NMR spectra are compared and correlated with those observed in the phosphorus spectra to give assignments of some of the resolved signals from the phosphate groups. The phosphorus spectra are compared with those of yeast tRNAPhe [Gorenstein, D. G., Goldfield, E. M., Chen, R., Kovar, K., & Luxon, B. A. (1981) Biochemistry 20, 2141; Salemink, P. J. M., Reijerse, E. J., Mollevanger, L., & Hilbers, C. W. (1981) Eur. J. Biochem. 115, 635], and the ion effects are discussed with reference to the magnesium and spermine sites found in the crystal structures of yeast tRNAPhe [Holbrook, S. R., Sussman, J. L., Warrant, R. W., Church, G. M., & Kim, S.-H. (1977) Nucleic Acids Res. 4, 2811; Quigley, G. J., Teeter, M. M., & Rich, A. (1978) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 75, 64; Jack, A., Ladner, J. E., Rhodes, D., Brown, R. S., & Klug, A. (1977) J. Mol. Biol. 111, 315]. PMID- 3902085 TI - Quantitation of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase protein. AB - A method for the specific labeling of the active site of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase was developed. The method consisted of incubating cell extracts with 3H-decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine and sodium cyanoborohydride in the presence of a spermidine synthase inhibitor. Under these conditions, S adenosylmethionine decarboxylase was labeled specifically and stoichiometrically. This procedure was used (a) to establish that the subunit molecular weight of S adenosylmethionine decarboxylase from rat liver, prostate, and psoas and from mouse SV-3T3 cells was 32 000, (b) to titrate the number of active molecules of S adenosylmethionine decarboxylase in various cell extracts, and (c) to provide a high specific activity labeled preparation of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase for use in radioimmunoassay of this enzyme. Competitive radioimmunoassays using this labeled antigen had a sensitivity such that 3 fmol (0.1 ng) of enzyme protein could be quantitated. The rapid loss of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase which occurred when SV-3T3 cells were exposed to exogenous polyamines was shown to be due to a rapid decline in the amount of enzyme protein measured both by titration of the active site and by radioimmunoassay. PMID- 3902086 TI - Intercellular communication and cancer chemotherapy. PMID- 3902087 TI - The p53 cellular tumor antigen: gene structure, expression and protein properties. PMID- 3902088 TI - Temperature-dependent structural rearrangement of apotryptophanase in potassium phosphate. AB - Apotryptophanase (L-tryptophan indole-lyase, EC 4.1.99.1) from Escherichia coli B/1t7A shows, in the presence of potassium phosphate, a temperature-dependent structural rearrangement which is not observed in the presence of sodium phosphate or imidazole plus KC1. This rearrangement can be described by a two state equilibrium between two forms of the apoenzyme. The midpoint temperature of the rearrangement (TM) and the van't Hoff enthalpy (delta H) at different potassium phosphate concentrations and pH values, respectively, were determined by measuring the temperature-dependence of the ultraviolet absorbance of apotryptophanase. Increasing the potassium phosphate concentration at pH 7.8 causes a simultaneous increase in total absorbance and the delta H value, whereas the TM increases between pH 7.0 and 7.8 but starts to decrease at pH values above 7.8. In 0.1 M potassium phosphate at the pH optimum of the enzyme (7.8) TM and delta H were found to be 293.1 K and 167 kJ X mol-1, respectively. Moreover, the tyrosine residues of apotryptophanase dissociate in potassium phosphate and in imidazole plus KCl with pK values of 8.6 and 9.8, respectively, indicating that potassium phosphate favors the formation of tyrosinate. The rearrangement might be interpreted as the formation of specific hydrogen bonds between tyrosine and potassium phosphate which are ruptured at higher temperature. Such hydrogen bonds cannot be formed at all or only to a small extent in the presence of imidazole plus KCl or sodium phosphate. Those hydrogen bonds stabilize the structure of apotryptophanase. In contrast, holotryptophanase requires only K+ for enzymatic activity. PMID- 3902089 TI - The active-site and amino-terminal amino acid sequence of bovine intestinal alkaline phosphatase. AB - The active site of bovine intestinal alkaline phosphatase (orthophosphoric monoester phosphohydrolase (alkaline optimum), EC 3.1.3.1) was labeled with [32P]Pi, a radioactive CNBr peptide was isolated and the amino acid sequence was determined. The sequence of the active-site peptide has limited homology (26%) with the active-site sequence of Escherichia coli alkaline phosphatase except for the ten residues immediately flanking the active-site serine (70%). A possible amino acid sequence deduced from the amino acid composition of an active-site tryptic peptide from human placental alkaline phosphatase is very similar to the bovine intestinal active-site sequence. The amino-terminal sequence of bovine intestinal alkaline phosphatase is homologous (69%) with the human placental enzyme but not with the E. coli phosphatase. PMID- 3902090 TI - Facilitated glucose transporter of human erythrocyte: proteolytic mapping of the [3H]cytochalasin B photoaffinity-labeled transporter polypeptide. AB - The human erythrocyte D-glucose transporter is an integral membrane glycoprotein with an heterogeneous molecular mass spanning a range 45-70 kDa. The protein structure of the transporter was investigated by photoaffinity labeling with [3H]cytochalasin B and fractionating the labeled transporter according to molecular mass by preparative SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Each fraction was digested with either papain or S. aureus V8 proteinase, and the labeled proteolytically derived peptide fragments were compared by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Papain digestion yielded two major peptide fragments, of approx. molecular mass 39 +/- 2 and 22 +/- 2 kDa; treatment with V8 proteinase resulted in two fragments, with mass of 24 +/- 2 and 15 +/- 2. Proteolysis of each transporter fraction produced the same pattern of labeled peptide fragments, irrespective of the molecular mass of the original fractions. The binding characteristics of [3H]cytochalasin-B-labeled transporter to Ricinis communis agglutinin lectin was examined for each transporter molecular mass fraction. It was found that higher-molecular-mass fractions of intact transporter had a 2-fold greater affinity for the lectin than lower-molecular-mass fractions (i.e., 67 kDa greater than 45 kDa fraction). However, proteolytically derived labeled peptide fragments from each fraction had minimal affinity for the lectin. These results suggest that the labeled peptide fragments have been separated from the glycosylated regions of the parent transporter protein. The present findings indicate that, although transporter proteins have an apparently heterogeneous molecular mass, some regions of the protein share a common peptide. Furthermore, the glycosylated regions appear to be located some distance from the [3H]cytochalasin-B-labeled site(s). PMID- 3902091 TI - Inhibition of glutathione-insulin transhydrogenase by metal ions and activation by histidine and other chelating agents. AB - The catalytic activity of purified glutathione-insulin transhydrogenase (thiol:protein-disulfide oxidoreductase/isomerase, EC 1.8.4.2) from bovine pancreas is markedly stimulated by histidine and other chelating agents. The activation produced was highest with EDTA, followed by EGTA, 8-hydroxyquinoline and 1,10-phenanthroline. Of the many amino acids tested, histidine was the only one that activated the enzyme; the structurally related compounds, 3 methylhistidine and imidazole also stimulated the enzyme, but 1-methylhistidine and histamine were without effect. The activation of EDTA was negated by metal ions, most effectively by Se2+, Hg2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+, and less effectively by Ca2+ and Ni2+. Likewise, activation by histidine was negated by Zn2+ but not by Ca2+ or Mg2+. Thus, activation of glutathione-insulin transhydrogenase is apparently achieved in part by the chelation of inhibitory metal ion(s). These findings are consistent with a regulatory scheme for glutathione-insulin transhydrogenase in which (a) the enzyme is inhibited by selenium and heavy metal ions normally present in tissues and (b) this inhibition can be relieved by the addition of histidine or chelating agents. PMID- 3902092 TI - Effect of pH on visualization of fatty acids as myelin figures in mouse adipose tissue by freeze-fracture electron microscopy. AB - We studied the effect of pH on visualization of fatty acids as myelin figures in young mouse epididymal adipose tissue. Fatty acid content of the tissue was increased to 12.4 nmol/mg wet weight by treating the tissue with 380 microM isoproterenol at pH 7.4 for 15 min in the absence of glucose and albumin. Myelin figures were found in freeze-fracture replicas of isoproterenol-treated tissue fixed with glutaraldehyde at pH 7.4 and then incubated and glycerinated at pH 8.1. Myelin figures were seen in replicas as concave or convex laminated sheets and long cylindrical multilamellar structures in fat cells and extracellular space. Myelin figures were sometimes seen in cells extending from the surface of intracellular lipid droplets, the site of lipolysis, to the cell surface and extracellular space. Myelin figures were not found in isoproterenol-treated tissue fixed at pH 7.4 and processed at pH 7.0. Smooth-surfaced droplets, instead, were found in these tissues in the extracellular space. Neither myelin figures nor smooth-surfaced droplets were found in tissues treated with insulin and glucose (to reduce fatty acid content to 1.4 nmol/mg), fixed at pH 7.4 and processed at either pH 8.1 or pH 7.0. Lowering pH of the media to 4.5 during processing of tissues treated with isoproterenol at pH 9.0 caused disappearance of myelin figures and appearance of smooth-surfaced droplets in the extracellular space. Myelin figures were found in replicas of tissue treated with isoproterenol for 15 min at pH 7.4, incubated 10 min at pH 8.4, quick-frozen and then freeze fractured, indicating that formation of myelin figures was not dependent on glutaraldehyde fixation and glycerol infiltration of the tissue. Our findings show that excess fatty acids in adipose tissue can be visualized as myelin figures if the tissue is exposed to pH 8.1-9.0 and maintained at or above pH 7.4, or as smooth-surfaced droplets if the tissue is processed at pH 7.0 or 4.5. We conclude that myelin figures formed under these conditions are composed primarily of partially ionized fatty acids (acid-soaps), and that the smooth-surfaced droplets in the extracellular space are composed of un-ionized (protonated) fatty acids. PMID- 3902093 TI - Nucleoside transport and metabolism in erythrocytes from the Yucatan miniature pig. Evidence that inosine functions as an in vivo energy substrate. AB - Erythrocytes from the Yucatan miniature pig, like those from the normal domestic pig, lack functional glucose transporters and were unable to utilize plasma glucose as an energy source. In contrast, inosine and adenosine entered the cells rapidly. The nucleoside transporter responsible for this uptake was identified as a band 4.5 polypeptide (5000 copies per cell; apparent Mr 45 000-66 000). Inosine concentrations in the physiological plasma range (1.6-2.5 microM) were found to maintain normal erythrocyte ATP levels and ATP/ADP ratios during prolonged in vitro incubation of cells at 37 degrees C, an effect that was blocked by the specific nucleoside transport inhibitor, nitrobenzylthioguanosine. In the absence of extracellular nucleoside, cells 'protected' themselves against some of the consequences of deprivation of energy substrate by glycolyzing the ribose moiety of inosine produced during ATP catabolism. Although erythrocytes from the miniature pig were capable of utilizing extracellular adenosine as an energy substrate, plasma samples from these animals contained less than 0.4 microM adenosine. It is concluded that inosine is a major physiological energy source of pig erythrocytes. PMID- 3902094 TI - Environmental modulation of the anomeric specificity of glucose metabolism in normal and tumoral cells. AB - In rat pancreatic islets and erythrocytes, alpha-D-glucose (2.8-5.6 mM) is better metabolized than beta-D-glucose, as judged from the conversion of D-[5-3H]glucose to 3H2O, augmentation in lactic acid production (or output) or oxidation of D-[U 14C]glucose. In tumoral cells, however, whether of the insulin-producing or lymphocytic leukemia type, the anomeric preference for alpha-D-glucose utilization is no longer present when the cells are incubated at comparable glucose concentrations (2.8-4.0 mM). Nevertheless, the tumoral insulin-producing cells are able to display preference for either alpha-D-glucose (at very low glucose concentrations in the 0.14-0.82 mM range) or beta-D-glucose (in the presence of 16.7 mM glucose). These findings indicate that the anomeric specificity of glucose metabolism may differ in distinct cell types, and can be modulated by the ambient glucose concentration. ambient glucose concentration. PMID- 3902095 TI - Possible involvement of aminopeptidase, an ecto-enzyme, in the inactivation of bradykinin by intact neutrophils. AB - The subcellular localization of the bradykinin-inactivating activity was studied using guinea-pig neutrophils and the following results were obtained. The bradykinin-inactivating activities were found to be present in the cytosol and membrane fractions but not in the granular and nuclear fractions. The bradykinin inactivating activity of the cytosol fraction was inhibited by N-carbobenzoxy-Gly Pro, an inhibitor of prolyl endopeptidase, whereas that of the membrane fraction was inhibited by bestatin, an inhibitor of aminopeptidase. Prolyl endopeptidase and aminopeptidase activities were located predominantly in the cytosol and membrane fractions, respectively, and their activities were inhibited by their respective inhibitors. Prolyl endopeptidase and aminopeptidase activities measured with synthetic substrates were competitively inhibited by bradykinin, suggesting that bradykinin is a possible substrate for prolyl endopeptidase and aminopeptidase. Intact neutrophils inactivated bradykinin rapidly. However, when neutrophils were modified chemically by diazotized sulfanilic acid, a poorly permeant reagent which inactivates ecto-enzymes selectively, both the bradykinin inactivating activity and aminopeptidase activity of neutrophils decreased significantly without any inhibition of cytosol prolyl endopeptidase. The possibility that aminopeptidase, an ecto-enzyme, would be responsible for the inactivation of bradykinin by intact neutrophils was deduced from the results above, although both cytosol prolyl endopeptidase and membrane aminopeptidase could inactivate bradykinin. PMID- 3902096 TI - Transport-associated phosphorylation of 2-deoxyglucose in rat adipocytes. AB - The relationship between ATP levels and 2-deoxyglucose uptake was investigated. When the concentration in the medium lies between 1 and 10 mM 2-deoxyglucose uptake causes a marked decrease in ATP level. This could partly be explained by an inhibiting effect of 2-deoxyglucose and 2-deoxyglucose 6-phosphate on ATP synthesis in the mitochondria. A good correlation between the various ATP levels induced by 2,4-dinitrophenol and the rate of uptake of 5 microM and 0.5 mM (but not 5 mM) 2-deoxyglucose was observed. The addition of glucose and 2-deoxyglucose to cells incubated in the presence of trace amounts of 2-deoxy-[1-14C]glucose induced marked changes in the uptake of the tracer that were associated with a rapid decline in ATP level. It appeared that the phosphorylation of 2 deoxyglucose is an important step in the uptake of the sugar. It is hypothesized that the processes of transport and phosphorylation of 2-deoxyglucose are coupled in rat adipocytes. PMID- 3902097 TI - [Effect of serotonin on the yield of UV-induced thymine dimers in DNA]. AB - Using a fluorescence method the interaction between serotonin and DNA has been investigated and the association constant Kc = 4.2 X 10(4) M-1 was determined. Bound serotonin is shown to reduce the yield of UV-induced thymine dimers in DNA. It is calculated that the value of the effective distance over which each protector acts is a segment of the DNA helix about four base pairs long. PMID- 3902098 TI - Crystal structure of yeast tRNAAsp: atomic coordinates. AB - The atomic coordinates of yeast aspartic acid transfer RNA, as determined from a crystallographic investigation to 3 A resolution, are presented. In the ribose phosphate backbone sugars are in the C(3')-endo pucker, except for residues A7, A9, D16, G17, G18, D19, C20, U48, A58, and U60 which are in the C(2')-endo pucker. A least-squares superposition of the phosphorus atoms of yeast tRNAAsp and yeast tRNAPhe enlightens both an overall structural similarity and significant conformational differences. The largest deviations occur in the D loop and the anticodon region. PMID- 3902099 TI - The complete amino acid sequence of cytoplasmic aspartyl-tRNA synthetase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - The crystallizable cytoplasmic aspartyl-tRNA synthetase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a dimer made up of identical subunits (Mr 63 000). Its primary structure was established using peptide sequences from four different digests of the native and citraconylated enzyme with trypsin, cyanogen bromide and staphylococcal protease. The oligonucleotide sequence of the structural gene was used as a template for the final alignment of the various peptides in the correct order. PMID- 3902100 TI - Methionyl-tRNA synthetase from E. coli: direct evidence for exchange of protomers in the dimeric enzyme by using deuteration and small-angle neutron scattering. AB - Direct demonstration of the reversible dissociation of native dimeric methionyl tRNA synthetase from E. coli has been obtained using small angle neutron scattering and deuterated enzyme. Structural parameters of the fully deuterated dimer are very similar to the hydrogenated one. Analysis of the variations of the intensity and of the radius of gyration of a stoichiometric mixture of the two types of dimer (hydrogenated and deuterated), as a function of D2O content in the solvent, enabled us to characterize an hybrid dimer, having both hydrogenated and deuterated protomers. By separating the contribution of each protomer to the scattering, the radius of gyration of the protomer in situ and the distance between the centers of mass of each protomer in the dimer are determined. PMID- 3902102 TI - [A new structural analog of human insulin--glycine-B30-insulin]. AB - Enzymatic-chemical preparation of glycine-B30-insulin, a new structural analog of human insulin has been performed. The new analog differs from the natural hormone by a substituted ThrB30 residue in the glycine residue. The biological activity of the glycine-B30-insulin as measured by the mouse convulsion assay is 100%. PMID- 3902101 TI - Glucose response to bursting-spiking pancreatic beta-cells by a barrier kinetic model. AB - A mathematical model of the pancreatic beta-cell electrical activity was developed using a barrier kinetic model. Our model incorporates the glucose sensitive channel which is known to conduct K+ in the absence of glucose. The model also incorporates Cai sensitive K+ channels which are inhibited by intracellular H+ ions. It is described by three non-linear simultaneous differential equations. Numerical integration of these equations allowed us to examine the effect of glucose and of external Ca2+ ions on the electrical and cellular activity of the beta-cell. Our results show that the contribution of glucose-sensitive channel activity, if not completely inhibited, plays a very important role in determining the bursting periodicity. Our results also shows that even a small decrease in pHi is sufficient to change a bursting beta-cell to a spiking one. The voltage dependence of calcium sensitive K+ channels, however, affects little to the bursting mode of the electrical activity. Our simulation supports an incomplete selectivity of the voltage dependent calcium channel for calcium ions with low external [Ca2+]. It also supports the role of [Ca]i as an inhibitor of this channel when [Ca]i becomes unusually high. PMID- 3902103 TI - [Effect of cultivation temperature on yeasts under unlimited growth conditions]. AB - The growth specific rate, cells dimensions, the number of cells gemmation, juvenile and postjuvenile development phases duration have been measured on the yeast turbidostate culture Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain 14 growing under different temperature conditions. 33 degrees C has been found to be the optimum temperature. Cells surface area is minimum at that temperature. The number of cells gemmation is the same at suboptimum and optimum temperature but it decreases at supraoptimum one. It has been concluded that the culture growing at 33 degrees C is in the least steady state with dependence typical of the system enduring phase transition. PMID- 3902104 TI - Degeneration theory and the stigma of schizophrenia. PMID- 3902105 TI - Prophylactic effects of neuroleptics in symptom-free schizophrenics: roles of dopaminergic and noradrenergic blockers. AB - A clinical trial was undertaken to determine the role of dopaminergic and noradrenergic blockers in the maintenance treatment of remitted schizophrenics. One hundred and six remitted schizophrenic outpatients were treated with one of nine treatments, viz., thioridazine 25 mg or 75 mg, pimozide 2 mg or 6 mg, and their respective combinations, for 1 year in a double-blind controlled study employing a randomized design. The data from a previous study were utilized as a retrospective placebo group. Pimozide prolonged the number of symptom-free days in a dose-dependent manner and did so more markedly than thioridazine. Combined administration of pimozide and thioridazine prolonged the number of symptom-free days to a greater extent than their single administration. However, an inverted U shaped dose-response curve was obtained with the combined administration of these agents. These data suggest that both the dopaminergic and noradrenergic blocking action of neuroleptics are important in preventing relapse in remitted schizophrenics. PMID- 3902106 TI - Photoperiod influences reproduction in the prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster). AB - Four experiments examined the role of photoperiod in the regulation of seasonal breeding in the prairie vole. Adult male voles maintained in short (8L:16D) as compared to long (16L:8D) photoperiods for 10 wk had reduced testicular and seminal vesicle weights, but fertility was not impaired. Male prairie voles reared from birth until 35 days of age in short as compared to long photoperiods also had reduced testicular and seminal vesicle weights, as well as diminished fertility. The incidence of pregnancy did not differ between long- and short-day female voles paired for 6 days with long- or short-day males (93%, 86%, 89%, and 88%, respectively). Photoperiod did not affect the incidence or the timing of postpartum pregnancies in long- or short-day females paired with long-day males through the birth of several litters. Adult male prairie voles retain only marginal sensitivity to short photoperiods, maturing males are highly responsive to short days, and adult females are insensitive to photoperiod. These data suggest that termination of the breeding season in the autumn may be due to the lack of fecund males in the population. PMID- 3902107 TI - Simultaneous measurement of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone and luteinizing hormone during estradiol-induced luteinizing hormone surges in the ovariectomized ewe. AB - Sequential bleeding and push-pull perfusion of the hypothalamus were used to characterize luteinizing hormone (LH) and LH-releasing hormone (LHRH) release in ovariectomized (OVX) ewes after injection of corn oil or estradiol benzoate (EB). Push-pull cannulae were surgically implanted into the stalk median eminences of 24 OVX ewes. Seven to 14 days later each of 20 animals was given an i.m. injection of 50 micrograms EB. Blood samples and push-pull perfusate were collected at 10-min intervals for 6-12 h beginning 12-15 h after EB injection. Four OVX ewes were given i.m. injections of corn oil 7 days after implantation of push-pull cannulae. Blood samples and push-pull perfusate were collected at 10 min intervals for 4 h between 18 and 22 h after injection of corn oil. Luteinizing hormone remained below 2 ng/ml throughout most of the sampling periods in 9 of 20 EB-treated ewes. In 5 of these 9 LHRH also was undetectable, whereas in 4 LHRH was detectable (1.84 +/- 0.29 pg/10 min), but did not increase with time. Preovulatory-like surges of LH occurred in 11 EB-treated ewes, but LHRH was undetectable in 5. In 4 of 6 ewes showing LH surges and detectable LHRH, sampling occurred during the onset of the LH surge.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3902108 TI - [The Optodector system for the assessment of contractions of single myocardium cells]. PMID- 3902109 TI - The effect of an applied electric field on the charge recombination kinetics in reaction centers reconstituted in planar lipid bilayers. AB - Reaction Centers (RCs) from the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides were incorporated in planar bilayers made from monolayers derived from liposomes reconstituted with purified RCs. The photocurrents associated with the charge recombination process between the reduced primary quinone (QA-) and the oxidized bacteriochlorophyll donor (D+) were measured as a function of voltage (-150 mV less than V less than 150 mV) applied across the bilayer. When QA was the native ubiquinone (UQ) the charge recombination was voltage independent. However, when UQ was replaced by anthraquinone (AQ), the recombination time depended on the applied voltage V according to the relation tau = 8.5 X 10(-3) eV/0.175S. These results were explained by a simple model in which the charge recombination from UQ- proceeds directly to D+ while that from AQ occurs via a thermally activated intermediate state, D+I-QA, where I is the intermediate acceptor. The voltage dependence arises from an electric field induced change in the energy gap, delta G0, between the states D+I-QA and D+IQA-. This model is supported by the measured temperature dependence of the charge recombination time, which for RCs with AQ gave a value of delta G0 = 340 +/- 20 meV. In contrast, delta G0 for RCs with UQ as the primary acceptor, is sufficiently large (approximately 550 meV) so that even in the presence of the field, the direct pathway dominates. The voltage dependence shows that the electron transfer from I- to QA is electrogenic. From a quantitative analysis of the voltage dependence on the recombination rate it was concluded that the component of the distance between I and QA along the normal to the membrane is about one-seventh of the thickness of the membrane. This implies that the electron transfer from I to Q contributes at least one-seventh to the potential generated by the charge separation between D+ and QA-. PMID- 3902110 TI - Homeoviscous adaptation, growth rate, and morphogenesis in bacteria. AB - Fluorescence polarization, P, of 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene was studied in Escherichia coli B/r. Modification of nutritional conditions was not compensated by homeoviscous adaptation, demonstrated to exist for temperature variations. Cell diameter, which is known also to vary with nutrition but not with temperature, was found to be positively correlated with 1/P, and may therefore be regulated by membrane lipid order and fluidity. PMID- 3902111 TI - Interactions of some naturally occurring cations with phenylalanine and initiator tRNA from yeast as reflected by their thermal stability. AB - The thermal unfolding of phenylalanine and initiator tRNA from yeast was investigated over a broad range of solution conditions by differential ultraviolet absorption at 260 nm. Under most conditions, the initiator tRNA exhibits two clearly separated transitions in its differential melting curve which were assigned to unfolding of tertiary and secondary structure elements, respectively. The tertiary transition of this tRNA and the overall transition observed for tRNAPhe do not show a maximum in a curve of Tm values plotted as a function of [Na+]. Such a maximum is usually observed for other nucleic acids at about 1 M Na+. In the presence of 5 mM of the divalent cation Mg2+ (or Ca2+), an overall destabilization of the tRNAs is observed when increasing the sodium concentration. The largest fall in Tm (approximately 15 degrees C) is observed for the tertiary transition of the initiator tRNA. Among various cations tested the following efficiency in the overall stabilization of tRNAPhe is observed: spermine greater than spermidine greater than putrescine greater than Na+ (approximately NH4+). Mg2+ is most efficient at concentrations above 5 mM, but below this concentration spermine and spermidine appear to be more efficient. The same hierarchy in stabilizing power of the polyamines and Na+ is observed for both transitions of the initiator tRNA. However, when compared with Mg2+, the polyamines are far less capable of stabilizing the tertiary structure. In contrast, spermine and spermidine are slightly better than Mg2+ in stabilizing the secondary structure. At increasing concentrations of the polyvalent cations (at fixed [Na+] ) the Tm values of the tRNAs attain a constant value. PMID- 3902112 TI - Inertial force as a possible factor in mitosis. AB - Some previous studies of cell division have suggested that chromosome movements in mitosis involve two distinct forces: one which pulls chromosomes poleward by means of attached fibers, and another which tends to push chromosome arms away from the pole. The latter force may also be a factor in non-chromosomal spindle transport, by which objects other than chromosomes are transported toward or away from spindle poles. Based on a survey of previous literature, this paper makes a prima facie case for describing this latter force as "inertial", since in some respects it can be simulated by centrifugation. A theoretical analysis demonstrates that an inertial force could arise in the spindle from postulated high-frequency, small-amplitude oscillations, which could be caused by changes in coherently processing electron spin alignments at the spindle poles. Some possible experimental approaches to the problem are briefly outlined. PMID- 3902113 TI - Obstetric nursing research: past, present, and future. PMID- 3902114 TI - [Chronobiological study of the dynamics of blood intake of exogenously administered glucose]. AB - Experiments on mice were made to study the release to blood of exogenously injected glucose. It was established that this process was of rhythmical nature. Two periods of intense glucose release to blood were recognized: the maxima were attained at 4 and 12 o'clock. At other times glucose release to blood was negligible. It is assumed that oscillations in question are determined by the biological rhythms of glucose absorption by cross-striated muscle cells. Electromagnetic field altered the biological rhythms of glucose absorption by the muscles and raised glucose absorption. Mice with unmarked insulin deficiency preserved the tendency toward rhythmical changes in glucose release to blood, although muscle absorption of glucose was lowered. PMID- 3902115 TI - [Ultrastructure of human blood T-lymphocytes marked with monoclonal antibodies]. AB - The ultrastructure of different human blood T-lymphocyte subpopulations was studied by immunoelectron microscopy using "Orthoclone" monoclonal antibodies (OKT-3, OKT-4 and OKT-8) and peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) complex. It was shown that T-lymphocyte subpopulations, distinct in their surface markers and function, possessed some specific features of submicroscopic structure. OKT-4+ cells (helper/inductor) were characterized by small size, high nucleus/cytoplasm ratio and few cytoplasmic organelles. OKT-8+ cells (suppressor/killer) were larger, had low nucleus/cytoplasm ratio and bean-like nucleus, with their cytoplasm containing numerous mitochondria, well-developed Golgi complex and osmiophilic granules. PMID- 3902117 TI - Effect of natural killer cells on syngeneic bone marrow: in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrating graft failure due to NK cells in an identical twin treated by bone marrow transplantation. AB - Bone marrow transplantation for severe idiopathic aplastic anemia was undertaken in a patient, using his monozygotic twin brother as the donor. In spite of the use of syngeneic bone marrow, failure of engraftment occurred on two occasions. In vitro studies demonstrated that natural killer (NK) cells from the recipient markedly inhibited the growth of donor bone marrow granulocyte progenitor cells. On a third attempt, successful bone marrow engraftment was achieved following high-dose cyclophosphamide, which has previously been shown to be inhibitory to NK cells. We conclude that NK cell activity may play an important role in bone marrow failure as well as being responsible for at least some cases of aplastic anemia. PMID- 3902116 TI - Cytochemical analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation: correlation of hydrolase expression with graft versus-host disease. AB - Peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 21 patients undergoing allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) were monitored post-BMT for immunologic markers (E rosettes OKT3, OKT8, DR, and BT5/9, a monoclonal antibody which stains helper T cells), cytochemical markers (acid phosphatase [AP], beta-glucuronidase [BGLU], and acid alpha naphthyl acetate esterase [ANAE] ), and morphology. The cytochemical T score, was obtained from typical AP, BGLU, and ANAE reactivity. The same was done for the cytochemical non-T score and macrophage (Mo) score. All patients received cyclosporine A (CyA) for graft-v-host disease (GvHD) prophylaxis. In univariate analysis there was no significant correlation between the proportion of E rosettes, OKT3-, OKT8-, DR-, and BT5/9-positive cells, and GvHD. The first three showed instead a positive correlation with time from transplant: E rosettes (P = .02), OKT3 (P = .01), and OKT8 (P = .003). In contrast, a significant negative correlation was found in univariate analysis, between the cytochemical T score and GvHD (P = .0001), and a positive correlation between non-T score and GvHD (P = .0008), as well as between the Mo score and GvHD (P = .03). There was no influence of time from transplant on the T (P = .8), non-T (P = .8), or Mo score (P = .4). In multivariate analysis comparing E rosettes, OKT3, T score, non-T score, GvHD, and time from BMT, the only variable associated with GvHD was the T score (P less than .05). These results suggest that T cell activation during GvHD is associated with a loss of hydrolase expression in T cells, but does not imply relevant modifications of immunologic surface markers. In addition, lysosomal enzymes appear early (before day 10) after transplantation, indicating that T cells at this stage are well differentiated. PMID- 3902118 TI - Prostacyclin production in vitro by rabbit aortic endothelium: correction for unstirred diffusional layers. AB - The degree of mixing in fluid layers immediately adjacent to the endothelial surface is a major variable in assessment of prostacyclin (PGI2) production by cultured endothelial cells or intact vessel endothelium in vitro. Lack of adequate mixing should lead to underestimation of true production because PGI2 immediately adjacent to endothelium would be only poorly sampled upon buffer collection. Thoracic aortas from 38 New Zealand white rabbits were therefore excised, opened longitudinally, and mounted endothelial side uppermost in a buffer-filled chamber which excluded cut tissue edges from study. Production of PGI2 under unstirred and magnetically stirred conditions was measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) for 6-keto-PGF1 alpha. For animals pretreated with the combination of papaverine and heparin (see below), unstimulated and arachidonate stimulated 6-keto-PGF1 alpha increased with stirring rate toward limits of 2.9 and 28.5 ng/cm2/min, respectively. Unstimulated and stimulated 6-keto PGF1 alpha measured at 650 rpm, for example, were greater than their values at 0 rpm by factors of 3.5 (2P less than .01) and 3.7 (2P less than .001), respectively. The process of vessel excision, however, produces another variable: degree of injury to endothelium caused by such factors as secondary vessel contraction and thrombin generation. Vessel contraction and thrombin generation can be minimized, respectively, by the use of a smooth muscle relaxant and heparin administered prior to killing of the animals. The rabbits were, therefore, grouped according to intravenous (IV) treatment, prior to killing, with saline, papaverine (4 mg/kg), heparin (200 U/kg) or the combination of papaverine and heparin (same doses). As compared with pretreatment with saline, papaverine alone, or heparin alone, pretreatment with the combination of papaverine and saline led to increases in stimulated 6-keto-PGF1 alpha of 1.6- to 2.8-fold. By transmission electron microscopy, endothelium from animals pretreated with saline showed ultrastructural changes, including disruption of cytoplasm, separation without detachment of most endothelial cells from subendothelium, and focal areas of denudation. In contrast, ultrastructural integrity of endothelium was preserved in aortas of animals pretreated with combined papaverine and heparin. These results support the hypothesis that unstirred diffusional layers lead, in vitro, to underestimation of PGI2 production, especially when vessels are protected from excisional injury.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3902119 TI - Changes in hematopoietic stem cells in bone marrow of mice with Plasmodium berghei malaria. AB - An impaired erythropoietic response to anemia has been noted in human patients with malaria and in rodents experimentally infected with Plasmodium berghei. We have attempted to characterize the erythropoietic response in mice with a fatal P berghei infection, with particular emphasis on changes in marrow hematopoietic stem cells. Mice infected with P berghei had dramatic decreases in bone marrow cellularity, erythroblasts, BFU-E, and CFU-E as early as 24 hours postinfection and before there was any change in hematocrit. With development of anemia, marrows became erythropoietic with some expansion of the CFU-E compartment, but the BFU-E pool remained depleted and reticulocyte response was inadequate. There was no significant change in CFU-S from marrows of malaria-infected mice one day after infection. The lethality of malaria infection may take three weeks to be revealed, but it may be determined within hours of the infection by the irreparable changes in marrow erythroid stem cells. PMID- 3902120 TI - Localization of thrombospondin in clots formed in situ. AB - Thrombospondin is a principal glycoprotein secreted by thrombin-stimulated platelets and has known affinities for fibrinogen and fibrin. We studied the distribution of thrombospondin in clots formed in situ on Formvar-coated coverslips at 37 degrees C for intervals up to 17 hours. The distributions of three other major platelet granular proteins--fibrinogen, fibronectin, and von Willebrand factor (vWF)--were also determined. The portions of the clots adhering to the coverslips after stripping, washing, and fixation with formaldehyde were stained for the four proteins by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique. Monoclonal antibodies were used to localize thrombospondin, fibronectin, and vWF; affinity-purified polyclonal antibodies were used to localize fibrinogen. Platelets stained positively for all four proteins. Thrombospondin was maximally present in the fibrin meshwork from 1 1/2 to 2 hours, after which the intensity of staining decreased until only trace amounts of thrombospondin were detectable between four and 17 hours. Antifibrinogen and, to a lesser extent, antifibronectin stained the fibrin meshwork at all time points. The vWF was not detectable in the fibrin meshwork at any time point. Staining of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs) in a fine granular pattern was found with antithrombospondin. The fraction of PMNLs staining positively was 6% to 14% at 1/2 to 4 hours and increased at eight hours to 27%. At 17 hours, 52% of the PMNLs stained for thrombospondin. More than 48% of the PMNLs stained with antifibrinogen at all time points. PMNLs did not stain for either fibronectin or vWF. These studies indicate that thrombospondin is a transient component of the temporary fibrin meshwork and has a unique spatial and temporal distribution in the hemostatic plug. PMID- 3902121 TI - Null cell identification and characterization with OKT16: an anti-p40 monoclonal antibody. AB - A murine monoclonal antibody, OKT16, specific for human lymphocytes of T lineage, was isolated by standard immunization and hybridization techniques. The distribution of the antigen defined by OKT16 was similar to the antigen reactive with monoclonal antibodies 3A1 and WT1. This identity of antigen targets was confirmed in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay system and by sequential immunoprecipitation. Under reducing conditions, OKT16 reacted with an antigen of 40K daltons; however, under nonreducing conditions this antigen appeared as an 84K-dalton molecule, which suggests that the p40 antigen exists as a disulfide linked dimer. By indirect immunofluorescence, OKT16 reacted with a greater fraction of nonrosetting, non-B (null) lymphocytes than with antibodies to other T cell-specific proteins. Two-color immunofluorescence demonstrated the coexpression of the T16 antigen and the C3bi receptor on most null cells. The T10 antigen (found on cortical thymocytes and activated peripheral T cells) was restricted to most T16-bearing null cells and expression of the Fc receptor for aggregated IgG (defined by monoclonal antibody 73.1) was restricted to a major subset of T16-bearing null cells. The T cell-specific markers defined by OKT8, OKT11, and OKT17, as well as the monocyte marker defined by OKM5, were expressed by smaller subsets of OKT16-reactive null cells. These studies support by phenotypic analysis the functional heterogeneity ascribed to null cells. The 40K dalton T16 antigen has the most extensive null cell representation of all the T lineage markers described to date. PMID- 3902122 TI - CGA-7 and HHF, two monoclonal antibodies that recognize muscle actin and react with adherent cells in human long-term bone marrow cultures. AB - The CGA-7, a monoclonal antibody that reacts with smooth muscle cell actin but not with endothelial cell or fibroblast actin, and HHF, a monoclonal antibody that reacts with smooth muscle, skeletal muscle, and cardiac muscle actin, both recognize microfilaments present within adherent cells from actively hematopoietic human long-term marrow cultures. Macrophages, monocytes, and cultured marrow fibroblasts do not react with either antibody. These data suggest that the anti-actin antibodies may serve as useful markers for in vitro microenvironmental cells and lend support to the hypothesis that stromal cells from long-term marrow cultures are different from marrow fibroblasts and may constitute a unique cell lineage. PMID- 3902123 TI - Correction of symptoms of platelet storage pool deficiency in animal models for Chediak-Higashi syndrome and Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome. AB - Two human diseases of platelet storage pool deficiency (SPD), Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome and Chediak-Higashi syndrome, are recessively inherited disorders characterized by hypopigmentation, prolonged bleeding, and normal platelet counts accompanied by a reduction in dense granule number. We have recently described seven independent recessive mutations in the mouse regulated by separate genes which are likely animal models for human SPD. Reciprocal bone marrow transplants were carried out between normal C57BL/6J mice and two of these mutants, beige and pallid, in order to test whether the platelet defects are due to a defect in platelet progenitor cells or to humoral factors. Normal and congenic mutant mice were transplanted with marrow after 950 rad whole body radiation. The long bleeding times and low serotonin concentrations of the two mutants were converted to normal values after transplantation with normal marrow. Likewise, normal mice displayed symptoms of SPD when transplanted with mutant marrow. These studies demonstrate that with each of the two mutations, platelet SPD results from a defect in bone marrow precursor cells. Also, the studies suggest that in severe cases, platelet SPD may be successfully treated by bone marrow transplantation. PMID- 3902124 TI - Monoclonal antibodies, benign breast disease, and breast cancer. A panel discussion. AB - Hybridoma technology has now advanced to the point where hundreds of monoclonal antibodies have been produced and are reported to bind to normal and malignant cell surfaces or intracellular organelles. The original hope for tumor-specific antigens has not materialized, but certain antibodies with rather restricted ranges of binding activities have been identified. This panel discusses the use of such monoclonal antibodies in diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of human breast disease and breast cancer. PMID- 3902127 TI - A comparison of psychological and medical treatment of the irritable bowel syndrome. AB - Twenty-four subjects completed a study comparing the efficacy of a psychological treatment package suggested by Latimer (1983) and the best medical regime available in the treatment of the Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS). Initial anxiety levels were high in both groups and were reduced in the psychological, but not medical, condition. IBS symptoms and associated behaviours were reduced equally in both conditions. PMID- 3902126 TI - Circulating anti-tumor and autoantibodies in breast carcinoma: relationship to stage and prognosis. AB - Serum antibodies to breast tumor antigen(s) and circulating autoantibodies were tested in 175 patients with various stages of carcinoma of the breast, followed for a mean period of 51 months. Antibodies to surface membrane and to cytoplasmic antigens of autologous and allogeneic tumor cells were measured. Peripheral lymphocyte count and skin reaction to six recall antigens were also tested. Patients with metastatic disease had significantly lower prevalence of antibodies to autologous tumor cells and lower total lymphocyte count than patients with early breast cancer. Patients with locally advanced disease (greater than or equal to 4 positive axillary nodes) had the highest frequency of anti-tumor antibodies, the second highest lymphocyte count, but with the lowest prevalance of autoantibodies. Presence or absence of anti-tumor or autoantibody did not correlate with results of skin tests or other standard blood tests. Among patients with locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer, those who had a positive skin test or whose lymphocyte count was 1500 to 2500 per cu mm had significantly better 5-year absolute survival rates (p = 0.04, p = 0.002, respectively). This study suggests that in patients with locally advanced or metastatic breast cancers, skin test reactivity and optimal peripheral lymphocyte count may be useful prognostic indicators. In contrast, neither the presence of anti-tumor antibodies to membrane or cytoplasmic antigens, nor the presence of autoantibodies, correlates with prognosis in patients with early or late breast cancers. PMID- 3902128 TI - The promise of fruit...and light. AB - The development of reference/information services in the health sciences library is traced, with emphasis on the events which brought about change. The distinction between information and knowledge is outlined and a philosophy which stresses the value of the librarian's knowledge is offered as the key to the future. PMID- 3902129 TI - Early dental journalism: a mirror of the development of dentistry as a profession. AB - The rise of dentistry from a mechanical trade to a profession has often been attributed to the so-called "triumvirate" of organization, education, and journal literature. This essay focuses on one part of the triumvirate, examining the role of journals in the growth of dentistry as a profession, from the appearance of the first journal in 1839 to the publication of the Index to Dental Literature in 1921. Rather than discussing the history of individual titles, it identifies some of the broader issues and problems that confronted early dental journalism. The evolution of dental journals from trade house publications to independent scientific literature mirrored the movement toward professional status in dentistry during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. PMID- 3902130 TI - The relationship between term specificity in MeSH and online postings in MEDLINE. AB - Hierarchically structured thesauri--including MeSH--were studied to test the assumption of an inverse relationship between term specificity and the number of postings in online databases. It was suggested that this assumption holds only for peripheral terms and that the opposite is true for the central terms of a discipline. The Environment tree structure of MeSH was used to test the "peripheral" hypothesis, which was supported at a .05 level of significance, but the scattergram on the Endocrine Diseases tree, which was run to test the "central" hypothesis, had an even better level, .02. The commonly held belief that specific terms are added to a thesaurus when more general ones get too many postings was also tested. The relationship between specificity and dates was supported in MeSH (.015). The corollary--that terms with later dates have fewer postings--was supported at a .001 level of significance. The results for MeSH were much more significant than for other hierarchically structured thesauri, which indicates that thesaurus development at NLM involves interaction with MEDLINE to preclude an excessive number of postings to any one term. PMID- 3902131 TI - Prime time versus nonprime time on MEDLINE. AB - The number of users on the MEDLARS system varied more during nonprime time than on prime time; there were times of higher than average use and times of much lower use. This variation in the number of users influenced search time. The study found a variation of as much as 19% from the mean search time for times of high use versus times of low use. Added-time formulas showed the additional time allowed for a search on nonprime time before costs would equal those for the same search on prime time. (For example, a search with four citations that took five minutes on prime time could take up to eight minutes and thirty seconds on nonprime time before costs would be equal.) In all examples, nonprime time searching was the most cost-effective alternative. PMID- 3902132 TI - Iatrogenic addiction: the problem, its definition and history. PMID- 3902133 TI - Two maps in an early treatise on epidemiology (Cagnati, 1599). PMID- 3902125 TI - Epidemiology and endocrinology of benign breast disease. PMID- 3902135 TI - The early history of clinical photography for burns, plastic and reconstructive surgery. PMID- 3902134 TI - Clinical and epidemiologic studies of Chagas' disease in rural communities in Oaxaca State, Mexico, and a seven-year follow-up: I. Cerro del Aire. PMID- 3902136 TI - The island fasciocutaneous flap; a new type of flap for defects of the knee. AB - A new type of fasciocutaneous flap, an "island fasciocutaneous flap", is presented. The anatomical basis of this flap and its advantages are discussed. PMID- 3902137 TI - Bilobed fasciocutaneous flap. AB - The use of a bilobed fasciocutaneous flap in the reconstruction of lower leg defects is described. Two successful cases and the advantages of the bilobed fasciocutaneous flap in lower leg reconstruction are emphasised. PMID- 3902138 TI - An inadvertent test of the robustness of a 5:1 fasciocutaneous flap. AB - The successful transfer is described of a fasciocutaneous flap of 5:1 length to breadth ratio on a severely traumatised leg. A preliminary delay had been carried out and the flap survived in its entirety. PMID- 3902139 TI - Management of infected fractures of the tibia with associated soft tissue loss: experience with external fixation, bone grafting and soft tissue reconstruction using pedicle muscle flaps or microvascular composite tissue grafts. AB - The aim of this study was to assess the results of treatment given by a team of orthopaedic and plastic surgeons in a series of infected unhealed fractures of the tibia associated with loss of adjacent soft tissues. Twenty-five lower leg fractures, treated during a 10 year period, entered the study and were grouped according to the principles of treatment followed. In the earlier Group A (nine patients), the osteosynthesis implants were retained or changed to more stable internal fixation devices, the soft tissue defects were closed by conventional muscle or musculocutaneous flaps and bone grafting procedures were performed late in the treatment scheme. In the later Group B (16 patients) the implants were removed and the fracture stabilised by external fixation; the defects were covered with pedicle muscle flaps or with microvascular composite tissue grafts and cancellous bone grafting was performed at the same operation. Twenty-three fractures healed. One fracture developed non-union and in one patient infection necessitated below-knee amputation. The time of union after surgical reconstruction was significantly shorter in Group B (24 +/- 3 weeks) than in Group A (47 +/- 11 weeks). The results suggested that: in severe infected fractures of the tibia surgical implants used previously for fracture treatment should be removed and replaced with an external frame using firm axial compression, microvascular composite grafts seem to improve greatly the rate of healing, early bone grafting should be included in the reconstruction and late infections can be largely avoided even after extensive one-stage reconstructive procedures. PMID- 3902140 TI - Hidradenitis suppurativa--a clinical review. AB - A retrospective review of 72 patients suffering from hidradenitis suppurativa treated surgically in one plastic surgery unit has been carried out. Treatment of the axilla by excision and suture was found to result in a high rate (54%) of reoperation for recurrence at the same site when compared to the groups treated by either excision and split skin grafting (13%) or excision and local flap cover (19%). It is recommended that axillary hidradenitis suppurativa is best treated surgically by excision of the affected skin and split skin grafting of the resultant defect. PMID- 3902141 TI - Full thickness graft of haemangiomatous skin. AB - A case is presented which confirms that the abnormal vascular pattern of a port wine stain persists when it is transferred as a full thickness skin graft. PMID- 3902142 TI - Genital infections. PMID- 3902144 TI - Influenza--recent developments in prophylaxis and treatment. PMID- 3902143 TI - Antiviral therapy in hepatitis B infection. PMID- 3902146 TI - Mixed cells in the cat lateral geniculate nucleus: functional convergence or error in development? AB - In the A laminae of the cat dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus, most relay cells can be unambiguously classified as X or Y. A small fraction, however, are reliably found to have mixed properties arising most likely from convergence of retinal X- and Y-cell axons onto single relay cells. It is suggested that this convergence is not functional, but rather is an error in development. PMID- 3902145 TI - The morphology, number, distribution and central projections of Class I retinal ganglion cells in albino and hooded rats. AB - Class I retinal ganglion cells have been identified in wholemounts of rat retinae following injections of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) into retino-recipient nuclei. Class I cells are characterized by relatively large somata, 3-7 fairly frequently branching large-gauge primary dendrites and relatively thick axons. Cells with a very similar morphology have been visualized in the ganglion cell layer of retinal wholemounts using a neurofibrillar stain. The size of the somata and dendritic trees of Class I cells is affected by the density of all classes of ganglion cells: both somata and dendritic trees of Class I cells located in the region of peak density are smaller than those located in medium- and low-density ganglion cell regions. The mean numbers of Class I ganglion cells labelled following massive injections of HRP into retino-recipient nuclei were 876 (in albino rats) and 944 (in hooded rats), while the mean number of cells stained with the neurofibrillar method in albino retinae was 791. Thus, with the total number of positively identified retinal ganglion cells being 110,000-115,000 [Potts et al., 1982; Perry et al., 1983], Class I cells in both strains of rat constitute less than 1% of all retinal ganglion cells. Nevertheless the dendritic fields of Class I cells cover the entire retina. Although Class I cells are distributed relatively evenly across the retina, the density is slightly greater in the lower temporal retina where the bulk of the ipsilaterally projecting fibres originates. While Class I cells represent up to 10% of ipsilaterally projecting retinal ganglion cells in both strains of rat, fewer Class I cells project ipsilaterally in albinos than in hooded rats. All contralaterally projecting Class I cells appear to send branching axons to the superior colliculus and dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus. Class I cells represent a larger proportion of the ganglion cells projecting to the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (4-5%) than that of ganglion cells projecting to the superior colliculus (about 1%). The morphology, numbers, distribution and the pattern of the central projections of Class I retinal ganglion cells in rats suggest that they are likely to be homologues of the alpha-type ganglion cells distinguished in carnivores. PMID- 3902147 TI - Projection of olfactory bulb efferents to layer I GABAergic neurons in the entorhinal area. Combination of anterograde degeneration and immunoelectron microscopy in rat. AB - Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) immunoelectron microscopy in combination with anterograde degeneration was applied in rats to study the synaptic targets of olfactory bulb afferents to the lateral subdivision (LEA) of the entorhinal area (EA). Immunoreactive neurons and terminals are scattered throughout all layers of LEA. After olfactory bulb resection, terminal degeneration occurs in layer Ia of EA. Using the electron microscope we examined serial thin sections of 12 and 14 immunoreactive neurons sampled from layer Ia of the dorsal (DLEA) and ventral (VLEA) subdivisions of LEA, respectively. The morphology of all these neurons is similar: they are small (short axis 5-9 micron, long axis 7-12 micron) and possess eccentrically located, indented nuclei provided with filamentous nuclear rodlets. The immunoreactive neurons have thin, smooth dendrites which usually emerge abruptly from the somata. We observed a single cilium on 5 of the immunoreactive neurons. In layer Ia of both DLEA and VLEA, the somata of the immunoreactive neurons are contacted by degenerating, non-immunoreactive boutons showing asymmetric synaptic junctions. In addition to these boutons, 4 other categories of axo-somatic terminals can be distinguished: normal, non immunoreactive boutons forming asymmetric synapses and containing spherical synaptic vesicles; normal, non-immunoreactive boutons with symmetric synapses and pleomorphic synaptic vesicles; normal, non-immunoreactive boutons with asymmetric synapses, containing dense-cored vesicles in addition to spherical synaptic vesicles; and normal, immunoreactive boutons with symmetric synapses and pleomorphic synaptic vesicles. It is suggested that the GAD-immunoreactive neurons which receive olfactory bulb input correspond to local circuit neurons with intralaminar axons which innervate each other as well as the distal segments of the apical dendrites of projection neurons with cell bodies in layers II and III. Thus, the olfactory input in EA seems to be wired not only for excitation of layers II and III pyramidal neurons but also for feed-forward inhibition using GABAergic intermediary neurons, strategically located in the area of termination of olfactory bulb fibers. PMID- 3902148 TI - Taste aversions conditioned with multiple exposures to gamma radiation: abolition by area postrema lesions in rats. AB - Lesions which destroy the area postrema (AP) and damage the adjacent nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) attenuate conditioned taste aversions (CTA) induced by a variety of pharmacological agents as well as exposure to radiation. In this experiment the possibility that AP lesions might not attenuate a radiation induced CTA, when multiple pairings of the novel taste stimulus and exposure to gamma radiation occurred, was examined. Three groups of male rats received lesions of AP and another 3 groups received sham lesion. Following a recovery period all rats were adapted to a 23.5 h/day water deprivation schedule. A sodium saccharin solution (0.1%) was offered to all rats during the regular drinking period (0.5 h) on two days per week, with water available on the other days. Access to saccharin was followed by exposure to 0, 20 or 40 rad of gamma radiation with one lesioned and one sham-lesioned group assigned to each dose level. After 4 pairings of saccharin with radiation the sham-lesioned groups exposed to 20 and 40 rad of radiation exhibited a dose-dependent aversion to the saccharin solution (P less than 0.0001), whereas the AP-lesioned groups did not differ significantly from the 0 rad sham-lesioned group. Subsequent two-bottle choice tests, which are a more sensitive measure of CTA, confirmed that the AP lesioned rats exposed to 20 and 40 rad radiation did not develop a significant CTA relative to the two 0 rad radiation groups. Thus, AP lesions abolished the CTA normally induced by multiple pairings of saccharin with exposure to 20 or 40 rad gamma radiation. PMID- 3902149 TI - GABA-immunoreactive neurons in the rat dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus: light microscopical observations. AB - The dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) of the rat was investigated immunocytochemically using an antiserum against the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). The appearance of GABA-immunopositive dendrites, dendritic appendages, and the size and shape of neuronal somata closely resembled the putative intrinsic neurons described previously in Golgi-impregnation studies of the rat dLGN. PMID- 3902150 TI - Hyperprolactinemia: its electrophysiologic and pharmacologic effect on neurons of the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus. AB - Extracellular action potentials were recorded from 691 neurons in the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) of urethane anesthetized female rats under acute and chronic sham-operated and hyperprolactinemic conditions. Hyperprolactinemia was produced by transplanting pituitaries under the kidney capsules. Neuronal excitability was recorded and analyzed during spontaneous, baseline activity and following the iontophoretic application of prolactin, dopamine (DA) and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH). No statistically significant changes were observed in the spontaneous electrical activity of VMH neurons under the conditions tested. Of the responsive neurons, approximately 90% of the neurons recorded and tested with prolactin displayed an increase in firing activity while DA produced a decrease, independent of the endogenous plasma prolactin levels (basal or elevated). However, the response to LH-RH was modified in the chronic hyperprolactinemic animal. The predominant response of VMH neurons to LH-RH in acute sham-operated and hyperprolactinemic as well as in chronic sham operated animals was one of inhibition, while in the chronic hyperprolactinemic animal, the application of LH-RH initiated excitation rather than inhibition. These results provide evidence that chronic (long-term) exposure to elevated prolactin levels is a sufficient stimulus to modify the neuronal response pattern of VMH nerve cells to iontophoretically applied LH-RH but not to prolactin nor to DA. PMID- 3902151 TI - Presence of 5-HT-positive neurons in the medial nuclei of the solitary tract. AB - The main serotoninergic groups have been described in the midbrain raphe; in the region of the solitary tract, serotonin (5-HT) has been localized in varicose processes and terminals. This study shows the presence of serotoninergic neurons located in the medial nuclei of the solitary tract of intracisternally injected rats, and describe the mapping, the morphological and morphometrical characteristics of these neurons in young and old rats. In old rats the number of these neurons is approximately double the amount detected in young rats. The suggestions on the functional meaning of these findings are discussed. PMID- 3902152 TI - Ontogeny of visinin-like immunoreactive structures in the rat cerebellum and vestibular nuclei: an immunohistochemical analysis. AB - The ontogeny of visinin-like immunoreactive (visinin-IR) structures in the cerebellum and vestibular nuclei of the rat brain was examined by indirect immunofluorescence. Visinin-IR structures are localized exclusively in the Purkinje cell system in these areas. Immunoreactive Purkinje cells first appear at gestational day 18, increasing in number with age. The axons appear at gestational day 19 and develop markedly until reaching the adult level at postnatal day 4. However, immunoreactive dendrites do not reach the adult pattern until postnatal day 21. In the cerebellar and vestibular nuclei, immunoreactive fibers first appeared at gestational day 18 and increased in number there with age, reaching the adult level at postnatal day 4. PMID- 3902153 TI - Intraocular grafts of nucleus raphe dorsalis provide cografted spinal cord with a serotonergic innervation. AB - Nucleus raphe dorsalis was sequentially cografted with spinal cord to the anterior chamber of the eye of adult rats. After maturation in oculo, the double grafts were examined histologically and immunohistologically utilizing an antiserum to serotonin (5HT). No 5HT-like immunoreactivity could be detected in grafts of single spinal cord or in irides of nongrafted eyes. In single raphe grafts, positive cell bodies and a dense terminal plexus were found. 5HT-positive fibers also penetrated into the irides forming dense networks in the walls of blood vessels and elsewhere in the irides. When spinal cord was cografted to maturated nucleus raphe dorsalis grafts, the raphe graft provided the spinal cord graft with a serotonergic innervation. Interestingly, when the grafting procedure was done in reversed order, i.e., the spinal cord was grafted first and left to mature before immature raphe grafts were added to the eye, the average density of 5HT-positive nerve terminals in the spinal cord part was clearly higher. It is concluded that immature as well as mature isolated spinal cord tissue can become innervated by adjacent central 5HT-neurons. Thus isolated replicas of descending serotonergic pathways to the spinal cord, suitable for electrophysiological analysis, are obtained in oculo. PMID- 3902154 TI - [Kidney calculi: surgery dethroned by the machine]. PMID- 3902155 TI - [Type A behavior in a mixed population. Its role among risk factors in ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 3902156 TI - [Magnetic resonance imaging of the spinal cord]. PMID- 3902157 TI - [Practical consequences of the enzymatic expulsion of microorganisms]. PMID- 3902158 TI - [Screening for hypothyroidism candidates in female blood donors]. PMID- 3902159 TI - [The role of ultrasound in the diagnosis of traumatic hemoperitoneum]. PMID- 3902160 TI - [The role of endoscopic sphincterotomy in the treatment of biliary lithiasis]. PMID- 3902161 TI - [Medicine and the building of Europe]. PMID- 3902162 TI - [Perspectives in vaccination against malaria]. PMID- 3902164 TI - Regional hyperthermia in the treatment of cancer: a review. PMID- 3902163 TI - [Acupuncture: from traditional doctrine to scientific analysis]. PMID- 3902165 TI - A multistage model for human colon carcinoma development integrating cell culture studies with pathology. PMID- 3902166 TI - Terminal-phase chronic myelogenous leukemia: approaches to treatment. AB - The prognosis of patients with CML has improved little in the past 50 years. The relatively benign chronic phase invariably deteriorates to a refractory and rapidly fatal terminal phase. This terminal stage has been found to have two major subtypes as defined by morphologic, cytochemical, immunologic, and enzymatic criteria--myeloblastoid and lymphoblastoid. Aggressive combination chemotherapy has achieved minimal improvement in survival once the terminal phase has begun, perhaps because only Ph1-positive stem cells remain to repopulate the marrow at this stage. Bone marrow transplantation has also been unsuccessful as therapy for the terminal phase, possibly because the patients are too debilitated to tolerate transplantation once the terminal phase has begun. Combination chemotherapy has been applied in an effort to eliminate the Ph1 chromosome containing clone during the chronic phase. This goal has not yet been consistently achieved. Chemotherapy has also not been able to delay the onset of the terminal phase nor to prolong survival. Even in those patients in whom the Ph1 chromosome-containing clone has been eliminated, relapse to the chronic phase with return of the Ph1 chromosome has generally occurred within a brief period of time. Bone marrow transplantation during the chronic phase may hold the promise of true cure for CML, with permanent elimination of the malignant clone. However, the chronic phase can be unpredictably long and patients in the chronic phase often have few, if any symptoms. Therefore, there has been a reluctance to employ drastic therapy during the chronic phase. Techniques to predict the transformation to the terminal phase prior to overt morphologic or clinical conversion are now being developed. It may be possible in the future to attempt HLA-matched sibling donor bone marrow transplantation at the earliest signs of transformation from the chronic to the terminal phase. In this manner, optimal survival might be achieved by allowing patients to be maintained in the chronic phase for as long as possible prior to the initiation of aggressive therapy. Until this is routinely possible, continued research designed to improve the therapy of the terminal phase must be pursued. These attempts are likely to include the development and evaluation of new chemotherapeutic agents, novel methods of administration of existing drugs to better exploit their pharmacokinetics (for example, continuous infusion), and the utilization of newly described treatment approaches (such as the use of "differentiating" agents in an attempt to prevent progression to blastic transformation).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3902167 TI - Child pornography: perpetuating the sexual victimization of children. AB - Children have been sexually exploited throughout recorded history. The invention of the camera and subsequent related technological advances (slides, movies, instant picture cameras and videotape) have provided new avenues for the exploitation of children by facilitating the distribution of pictorial representations of these children on a world-wide basis. A major use of commercial child pornography is to convince a potential child victim that the sexual acts desired by the adult offender are fun, exciting, can satisfy the child's curiosity and are a societally acceptable means of expressing affection. Commercial child pornography publications contain numerous pictures of children viewing child pornography, in some cases replicating the pose(s) depicted in the viewed material. Although many jurisdictions have now prohibited child pornography, the need for a world-wide ban continues, as the remaining producers distribute their material throughout the world. PMID- 3902169 TI - Grey Cup Champions. Blue Bombers' dentist-president enjoys 'community involvement' (Dr. Jan S. Brown). PMID- 3902168 TI - [Holter registration in ophthalmic surgery in adults. Peroperative arrhythmia under halothane or enflurane]. AB - In 100 adult patients undergoing ophthalmic surgery under halothane or enflurane anaesthesia, the electrocardiogram was recorded on magnetic tape and analyzed subsequently for arrhythmias using a high-speed analyzer. Enflurane induced a much less premature atrial contractions (kappa 2 = 4.75; p less than 0.05) and a nodal rhythms (kappa 2 = 4.39; p less than 0.05) than halothane. There were no significant differences between the two drugs in the frequency of premature ventricular contractions and wandering pace maker. Our results confirm those of previous studies during oral surgery that enflurane produced significantly fewer arrhythmias than halothane. The lower incidence of cardiac dysrhythmias and the preservation of cardiovascular stability suggest that enflurane may be the agent of choice for this kind of surgery. PMID- 3902170 TI - Painless Parker. The final chapter (Edgar Randolph Parker). PMID- 3902171 TI - Baccalaureate dental hygiene education in Canada. PMID- 3902172 TI - Prescription radiography. A new concept for radiation protection in dental practice. PMID- 3902173 TI - A survey of all dental x-ray machines in British Columbia using TLD chips 1981 83. PMID- 3902174 TI - The dentist's role in detecting lesions which mimic common dental conditions. PMID- 3902175 TI - Decline of dental caries. What occurred and will it continue? PMID- 3902176 TI - Dose response effects of diltiazem on treadmill tolerance in chronic stable angina: a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial. AB - Sixteen patients with stable angina underwent treadmill exercise on 4 separate days prior to and at 1, 2, 4 and 8 hours following a single dose of 30 mg, 60 mg or 90 mg of diltiazem or identical placebo. Prolongation of exercise time to the onset of angina, 0.1 mV ST depression and to maximal exercise developed within 2 hours, peaked at 4 hours and persisted for 8 hours. Time to angina at control with placebo and 90 mg of diltiazem was 399 +/- 176 and 368 +/- 193 seconds respectively (X +/- SD) and 4 hours post drug was 474 +/- 216 and 635 +/- 209 seconds respectively (p less than 0.001). The pressure-rate product at angina 4 hours following 90 mg of drug was higher than after placebo (189 +/- 48 and 168 +/- 44 mmHg-1 X 10(-2) respectively). Heart rate increased (127 +/- 24 vs. 117 +/ 19 bpm) while systolic pressure was unchanged (147 +/- 17 and 142 +/- 21 mmHg). During submaximal exercise at a fixed work load, diltiazem, 90 mg, decreased heart rate from 114 +/- 14 to 97 +/- 18 bpm (p less than 0.005), systolic blood pressure from 148 +/- 19 to 135 +/- 18 mmHg (p less than 0.005) and rate-pressure product from 169 +/- 37 to 131 +/- 36 mmHg-1 X 10(-2) (p less than 0.005). Peak diltiazem plasma levels occurred at 4 hours, being 37 +/- 34, 74 +/- 67 and 106 +/- 68 ng/ml for 30, 60 and 90 mg respectively. Drug levels paralleled increased exercise tolerance when mean data were considered; however, correlation on an individual basis was poor.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3902177 TI - Timolol: long-term Canadian multicentre study. AB - This paper reports a 200-week-long study of the efficacy of timolol maleate ophthalmic preparations. At centres across Canada 117 patients were studied according to a rigid protocol. Timolol maleate was shown to be an effective antiglaucomatous drug, maintaining the intraocular pressure below 22 mm Hg throughout the study in 137 (60%) of the 227 eyes. No clinically significant effect on the pulse rate or the mean perfusion pressure was demonstrated, and the medication was well tolerated, causing few side effects or adverse reactions. PMID- 3902178 TI - Effects of subconjunctivally injected antineoplastic agents on three models of corneal inflammation. AB - Three models of corneal inflammation--acute toxic keratitis, phlyctenular keratitis and corneal graft rejection--were induced in rabbits and treated with subconjunctival injections of antineoplastic agents (methotrexate, cytosine arabinoside, 5-fluorouracil and 6-mercaptopurine) and Solu-Medrol (methylprednisolone sodium succinate). The inflammations responded to the drugs to various degrees when compared with the response in control animals treated with saline. Cytosine arabinoside effected a slight decrease in the clinical features of acute toxic keratitis, methotrexate was superior in decreasing inflammation and neovascularization in phlyctenular keratitis, and Solu-Medrol appeared to be the most useful in the treatment of graft rejection. When injected repeatedly, 5-fluorouracil tended to have significant toxicity in the presence of inflammation. PMID- 3902179 TI - Evidence for a role of prostaglandin I2 and thromboxane A2 in the ductus venosus of the lamb. AB - The prostaglandin (PG) endoperoxide, PGH2, and the thromboxane (TX) A2 analog, 9,11-epithio-11,12-methano-TXA2, were tested in vitro on the ductus venosus sphincter from fetal (premature and mature) and neonatal (1-day-old) lambs. PGH2 relaxed the indomethacin-contracted fetal ductus in a dose-dependent manner and its action was reduced after treatment with 15-hydroperoxyarachidonic acid. In contrast, reduced glutathione did not affect the PGH2 relaxation in the indomethacin-treated ductus, nor did it modify the response of the untreated ductus to constrictor stimuli. Unlike PGH2, the stable 9 alpha,11 alpha epoxymethano-PGH2 analog contracted the vessel. Similarly, the TXA2 analog was a contractile agent, its action exceeding that of the PGH2 analog in potency and efficacy. The TXA2 analog was active on preparations from both premature (minimum 117 days gestation) and mature lambs, but a maximal effect was attained during the perinatal period. These results confirm the existence of a PG-mediated relaxing mechanism in the ductus venosus and suggest that the active compound is PGI2. This mechanism is likely responsible for keeping the ductus patent in the fetus. TXA2, formed within the liver parenchyma, is well suited for playing a role in postnatal closure of the vessel. PMID- 3902181 TI - The early development of neuroscience in Canada. PMID- 3902182 TI - Some professional and political events in Canadian neurosurgery. PMID- 3902180 TI - The in vitro effect of corticosterone on insulin binding and glucose metabolism in mouse skeletal muscles. AB - We studied the in vitro effect of corticosterone on insulin binding, uptake of 2 deoxy-D-glucose, glycolysis, and glycogenesis in the soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) of Swiss-Webster mice. In each experiment, one muscle (soleus/EDL) was incubated with corticosterone (0.1, 1, 50, and 100 micrograms/mL) and the respective contralateral muscle was incubated without corticosterone, but at the same insulin and pH levels. Corticosterone did not affect insulin binding in both muscles. However, corticosterone decreased the uptake of 2-deoxy-D-glucose and the rate of glycolysis and glycogenesis in both muscles when the dose was pharmacologic (50 and 100 micrograms/mL), but not when it was physiologic (0.1 and 1 microgram/mL). For glycolysis and glycogenesis, the suppression was greater in the EDL when compared with the soleus. This suppression was seen in both basal and insulin-stimulated conditions. In this in vitro system, where the experimental muscle is not exposed to prior hyperinsulinemia as in the in vivo model, corticosterone, at pharmacologic doses, affects postreceptor events without altering the insulin binding in the skeletal muscle. PMID- 3902183 TI - Osler and neurology. PMID- 3902185 TI - Coexistence of idiopathic Parkinson's disease and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. AB - The association of idiopathic Parkinson's disease and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease has not been reported previously. We describe the clinical findings in a patient with both disorders, confirmed at autopsy. The differential diagnosis of parkinsonism with cognitive and psychiatric disturbances is reviewed with emphasis on conditions which may complicate the course of idiopathic Parkinson's disease. The etiological implications of this combination are considered. PMID- 3902184 TI - Amantadine therapy for fatigue in multiple sclerosis. AB - We carried out a double blind control study of fatigue in 32 patients with multiple sclerosis, comparing amantadine hydrochloride 100 mg twice a day and placebo. On amantadine 31% had marked improvement; 15.6% moderate improvement; 15.6% mild improvement; and 36.5% unchanged. On placebo, none noted marked improvement; one claimed moderate improvement on either amantadine or placebo. 18.7% reported mild improvement on placebo; and most of them had similar or more response to amantadine. No patient selected placebo over amantadine at the end of the trial. Overall improvement was seen in 62.5% of patients on amantadine and 21.8% on placebo. Additional experience up to two years suggests continued benefit but common and important side-effects. PMID- 3902186 TI - Addison, pernicious anemia and adrenal insufficiency. AB - In 1849 Thomas Addison described the clinical entity now known as pernicious anemia. In 1855 he reported several cases of adrenal insufficiency, or Addison's disease. Considering the importance of these works, there remains a great deal of confusion about them. Contrary to what many historians have written, a review of Addison's original publications demonstrates a firm appreciation of the distinction between pernicious anemia and adrenal insufficiency, based particularly on the discoloration of the skin in these conditions. Three major sources of possible confusion for historians who are attempting to understand Addison's views include Addison's early attempts to link pernicious anemia with disease of the suprarenal capsules, Addison's redefinition of pernicious anemia in his monograph on adrenal disease, and several confusing statements made by Wilks and Daldy in the first reprint of Addison's monograph. PMID- 3902187 TI - The health of Indians in Canadian cities: a challenge to the health care system. AB - It is well known that Canadian native people living on reserves have high morbidity and mortality rates, but less is known about the health of those who migrated to urban centres. Several studies have shown that these people have high rates of mental health problems, specific diseases, injuries, infant death and hospital admission. In addition, there is evidence that cultural differences create barriers to their use of health care facilities. The low socioeconomic status, cultural differences and discrimination that they find in cities are identified as the primary blocks to good health and adequate health care. More epidemiologic studies need to be done to identify health problems, needs and barriers to health care. Federal, provincial and civic governments along with the appropriate departments of faculties of medicine should begin working with native organizations to improve the health of native people living in Canada's cities. PMID- 3902188 TI - Bronchial challenge by physical agents. PMID- 3902189 TI - Mechanical cardiopulmonary interactions with asthma. PMID- 3902191 TI - Post-partum fertility--a review. PMID- 3902190 TI - Physiology of the upper airways in allergic disease. PMID- 3902192 TI - A comprehensive review of female sterilisation--tubal occlusion methods. AB - Female sterilisation using tubal occlusive methods are reviewed. The various techniques, failure rates, mortality, short and long-term morbidity, psychosexual effects and reversibility are discussed. Tubal occlusion is an effective method of female sterilisation but if failure should occur ectopic pregnancies are more likely if tubal diathermy, and less likely if Fallope rings or Filshie clips have been used for the original sterilisation procedure. Mortality rates are low and occur as a once-only risk when compared to ongoing contraception. Short-term morbidity rates are low when sterilisation is performed via the laparoscope, with single portal entry being more likely to result in complications. Mini-laparotomy and laparotomy also have low morbidity levels but complication rates are much higher when a transvaginal approach is used. There is no increase in morbidity when tubal sterilisation is performed at the time of pregnancy termination, providing uterine evacuation is not performed by hysterotomy. In the majority of cases no menstrual disturbance is noted; however, a small increase in menstrual disorders as a direct result of tubal sterilisation cannot be excluded absolutely. Sterilisation does not affect sexual satisfaction. Regret is more likely if the sterilisation is performed (i) post-termination or in the puerperium, (ii) when there is marital disharmony and (iii) for medical rather than social reasons. Low parity is not associated with regret except in cultures where high parity is prized. Microsurgical methods of reversal have higher pregnancy and lower ectopic rates than macrosurgical techniques. Successful reversal is inversely related to the degree of tubal destruction at the initial operation. PMID- 3902193 TI - The effect of iron dextran on ferritin content and 131I-antiferritin localization in experimental hepatomas. AB - Polyclonal 131I rabbit antirat ferritin localizes in certain hepatoma models. The effect of intraperitoneal iron dextran on tumor and sera ferritin content and tumor and normal tissue localization with 131I antiferritin was studied. Separate groups of 10-12 animals were injected with escalating doses of 131I-antiferritin IgG, or nonspecific IgG, one week after injection with iron dextran or normal saline. The results demonstrate that tumor, serum, and normal tissue ferritin content was increased after iron dextran administration but tumor localization increased after administration of 131I-antiferritin in the H4II-E and 7800 models. The 3924A and 7777 models showed no tumor localization with or without iron dextran but did show an increase in normal tissue localization after iron dextran. Immunoperoxidase staining of tissues with antiferritin revealed increased staining in the liver and spleen and only a slight increase in the tumors after iron dextran was administered. The results demonstrate that tumor localization is a complex phenomenon that depends on normal tissue, sera, and tumor-antigen distribution. PMID- 3902194 TI - Factors that affect antiferritin localization in four rat hepatoma models. AB - The effect of tumor size, vascularity, ferritin content and the amount of injected 131I-antiferritin on tumor localization was studied in four hepatoma models with varying growth rates, histology, vascularity, and ferritin content. Separate groups of 12 animals with the H-4-II-E, 7800, 7777, and 3924A rat hepatomas with less than 2 g or greater than 2 g tumors were injected with escalating doses of 131I-antiferritin or 131I nonspecific IgG (control). Tumor vascularity was measured by 51Cr-labeled erythrocyte injection, ferritin content of tumors by radioimmunoassay and immunoperoxidase staining, and the histological location of 131I-antiferritin by autoradiography. 131I-antiferritin specifically localized in the H-4-II-E and 7800 models and correlated with the tumor size, vascular content, and amount of injected antiferritin. No localization took place in the 7777 or 3924A tumors despite the presence of ferritin in these models. The only factor that correlated with localization in the models was vascularity. The vascularity of 3924A and 7777 tumors was significantly reduced in comparison to the H-4-II-E and 7800 tumors. The dependence of targeting on vascularity was demonstrated with autoradiography as well. These findings indicate the correlation of vascularity and tumor localization with 131I-antiferritin. PMID- 3902195 TI - Cancer chemotherapy: alternative routes of drug administration. A review. AB - This review covers recent developments in regional cancer chemotherapy, including the pharmacological background, technical progress, and clinical experience. Intrathecal chemotherapy is an approach that has acquired an established place, although its ultimate potentials are not known yet. The therapeutic value of hepatic intraarterial drug infusion is still unclear, although this route has been used for more than 20 years. Furthermore, the evaluation of alternative routes via the pleural and peritoneal cavities and other arteries is still in an experimental phase. Interest in these treatment modalities has been stimulated by a number of recent developments in separate fields. Major technical advances have been made, including surgically placed and totally implantable elastic catheters and subcutaneous portals and pumps. In addition, a pharmacokinetic model describing the fate of drugs administered via an artery or cavity has been developed. These developments have made it possible not only to design randomized studies and treat a larger number of patients in a relatively short time with reduced morbidity, but also to improve greatly the selection of drugs, target organs, and administration schedules. Ongoing clinical studies can be expected to lead to improved treatment results as well as provide data on dose-response relationships and drug schedule dependency for specific tumor types. PMID- 3902196 TI - Immunoelectron microscopic study of Hodgkin's disease. AB - Seven patients with Hodgkin's disease were studied for the presence of lysozyme and alpha-1-antitrypsin activity by immunoelectron microscopy. As a result, Reed Sternberg cells, Hodgkin's cells, and atypical cells were distinctly positive for lysozyme in four cases and weakly positive in the remaining three cases. These cells were also positive for alpha-1-antitrypsin in all cases. Because the cells of the monocyte-macrophage lineage also bore lysozyme and alpha-1-antitrypsin, it is suggested that Reed-Sternberg cells, Hodgkin's cells, and the atypical cells are derived from the monocyte-macrophage lineage. PMID- 3902197 TI - Heterotransplantation of human cervix cancers in radiation-conditioned or nonconditioned athymic mice. AB - Primary human cervix cancers were implanted into athymic nude mice from 23 patient biopsy specimens. Tissue/tumor samples were implanted as chunks by trocar in different sites in irradiated (400 rad) or nonirradiated nude mice. Without irradiation 1 of 9 (11%) implanted tumors grew progressively and 13 of 26 (50%) implanted sites formed small implantation nodules that remained stable and usually regressed. In nude mice given 400-rad irradiation, 3 of 12 (25%) showed progressive tumor growth, 8 of 12 (67%) patient samples showed growth, and 24 of 36 (67%) implanted sites showed growth. Correlation with clinical data showed that the higher-stage and more malignant tumors were more likely to show progressive growth patterns, as was noted in three of five Stage III/IV cervix tumors grafted into 400-rad conditioned mice. Conversely, the lower-stage tumors were much less likely to show growth, and zero of nine samples with Stage I/II tumors showed progressive growth. PMID- 3902198 TI - T-zone histiocytes in adenocarcinoma of the lung in relation to postoperative prognosis. AB - Infiltration of T-zone histiocytes (Langerhans' cells and their precursors) and macrophages was investigated by immunohistochemical methods with the use of anti S100 protein and anti-lysozyme antibodies in 40 Stage Ia cases of adenocarcinoma of the lung. Varying population densities of S100+ T-zone histiocytes were demonstrated in 31 (77.5%) of 40 adenocarcinomas; however, lysozyme+ macrophages were found in almost equal quantities in all cases of adenocarcinoma. The distribution of T-zone histiocytes was clearly different from that of macrophages. Namely, the former was mainly interspersed among the tumor cells, whereas macrophages were found in the stroma and around necrotic foci. The prognosis of Stage Ia adenocarcinoma cases was related to the density of T-zone histiocytes in tumor tissues. Patients with marked infiltration of T-zone histiocytes survived longer than those without or with only slight infiltration (P less than 0.05). Such relationship was not observed with regard to macrophages. This indicates that T-zone histiocytes infiltrating within the tumor and regional lymph nodes may play a role in host defense mechanisms against tumor in the early stage of adenocarcinoma of the lung. PMID- 3902199 TI - A randomized trial of cisplatin (CACP) + 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) infusion and CACP + 5-FU bolus for recurrent and advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. AB - One of the most active chemotherapeutic regimens for treatment of advanced and recurrent head and neck cancer is cisplatin (CACP) + 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) infusion with a response rate of 90% in advanced, previously untreated patients and 70% in patients with recurrent disease. Forty-four patients from two Wayne State University-affiliated hospitals were entered into a randomized trial of CACP (100 mg/m2) day 1 and 24-hour infusion of 5-FU (1000 mg/m2) days 1 through 4 versus CACP (100 mg/m2) day 1 and bolus 5-FU (600 mg/m2) day 1 and day 8. Thirty eight patients were evaluable for three induction courses. Response for the infusion arm was 72% (4/18 complete response [CR] + 9/18 partial response [PR]). Response for the bolus arm was 20% (2/20 CR + 2/20 PR). The difference in response was statistically significant by chi-square analysis (P less than 0.01). Seventy percent of the patients on the bolus arm experienced leukopenia with several episodes of grades 3 and 4 leukopenia. In addition, 50% of the patients on the bolus arm experienced thrombocytopenia. Stomatitis was more frequent on the infusion arm but it was mild and reversible. The complete responders on either arm have a median survival of 120+ weeks; partial responders, 30 weeks. Cisplatin + 5-FU infusion produces a superior response as initial chemotherapy for three courses compared with CACP and 5-FU bolus. PMID- 3902200 TI - Chemotherapy versus chemotherapy plus hormonotherapy in postmenopausal advanced breast cancer patients. A randomized trial. AB - One hundred seventeen postmenopausal advanced breast cancer patients previously untreated with chemotherapy were randomized to receive: cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil (CMF), CMF and tamoxifen (TMX), and CMF and medroxyprogesterone (MAP). Treatments B and C induced a greater proportion of responses than treatment A. No effect was identified on the number of complete responses. After treatment failure, patients from groups A and C received Adriamycin (doxorubicin) (ADX) vincristine (VCR), and TMX and patients from group B received ADM, VCR, and MAP. No differences were found between the branches in the response rates to the second protocol. Responders to both treatments had a longer survival experience than nonresponders or responders to only one of the treatments. Survival was independent of the treatment group. PMID- 3902201 TI - Bone marrow transplantation for malignant histiocytosis in childhood. AB - This report describes a girl who was diagnosed with malignant histiocytosis at the age of 5 years. The disease was controlled initially with chemotherapy for 3 years and had then recurred with meningeal involvement on three occasions. Four years and 8 months from diagnosis, bone marrow transplantation (BMT) was undertaken from an HLA-identical and mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) nonreactive brother after conditioning with VP-16-213 5 mg/kg/day X 2, cyclophosphamide 60 mg/kg/day X 2, and total body irradiation 200 rad twice daily to a total dose of 1000 rad delivered at 7 rad/minute. At the time of transplant, the disease was in remission. Currently, more than 48 months after the transplant, the child remains free of disease, with a normally functioning donor marrow and with no evidence of graft versus host disease. This is the first recorded case of BMT in the treatment of malignant histiocytosis. The outcome in this patient in late-stage disease suggests that BMT could be considered early in management as definitive therapy. PMID- 3902202 TI - Primary intracranial histiocytic lymphoma with Langerhans' granules. A light microscopic and ultrastructural study. AB - An intracranial tumor classified as a histiocytic lymphoma was studied with light and electron microscopic examination and immunocytochemical methods. The characteristics of the malignant mononuclear phagocyte cells are described. The presence of some cells containing Langerhans' granules suggests differentiation towards a specialized cell of the mononuclear phagocyte system: the Langerhans' cell. PMID- 3902203 TI - A randomized trial of doxorubicin versus doxorubicin plus cisplatin in patients with advanced thyroid carcinoma. AB - A randomized evaluation of the effectiveness and toxicity of the combination of doxorubicin and cisplatin and of doxorubicin alone in patients with advanced thyroid carcinoma was carried out. Ninety-two patients were entered and 84 were evaluable. They were stratified according to histological classification, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status, and metastatic sites. Forty one patients received doxorubicin as a single agent and seven had partial response (17%). Forty-three patients received the combination, and there were five complete and six partial responses (combined response rate of 26%). This difference for overall response rate is not significant (P greater than 0.1). However, five complete responses were seen in the combination-treatment group, whereas none were observed in the single-agent treatment group; a significant difference was obtained (P = 0.03). Four of these five complete responders survived for more than 2 years, and two patients remained in a complete response after the discontinuation of therapy and are still alive. None of the partial responses exceeded 2 years in duration. The life-threatening toxicities from chemotherapy occurred in five patients treated with the combination of drugs and two treated with doxorubicin alone. However, none of the toxicities were fatal. The study has shown clearly that the quality of response achieved by the combination of drugs is far superior to that achieved by single-agent chemotherapy. PMID- 3902204 TI - Leukemia in Rochester (NY). A 17-year experience with an analysis of the role of cooperative group (ECOG) participation. AB - Every adult acute nonlymphocytic leukemia patient in Rochester, New York seen from January 1975 to January 1982 was studied. Fifty percent of the patients did not receive combination chemotherapy. Among those who did, there was a significant selection bias toward placing patients with better prognostic features on protocol. Protocol patients were also treated with higher doses of chemotherapy than nonprotocol patients. However, these factors did not completely explain the significantly better complete response (CR) rate and survival among protocol patients. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) participation remained an independent variable associated with a better outcome. An improvement in CR rate was seen during the 7-year period studied as compared to that seen between 1965 and 1974. The study provided evidence that the availability and use of ECOG protocols was a positive factor in the improvement of leukemia treatment in Rochester. PMID- 3902206 TI - Long-term effects of cranial irradiation on endocrine function in children with brain tumors. A prospective study. AB - This study prospectively evaluated the endocrine function of 11 children treated with cranial irradiation (CRT) for brain tumors. All tumors were remote from the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. Children were studied before treatment and at 3, 6, and 12 months after the completion of CRT. T4, thyroid-stimulating hormone, prolactin, plasma cortisol, and urinary follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone values were normal before and after treatment in all patients. Growth hormone (GH) deficiency was identified in 0 of 7 patients before treatment, in 2 of 7 patients 3 months post-CRT, in 9 of 11 patients 6 months post-CRT, and in 7 of 8 patients 12 months post-CRT. Growth deceleration was identified in five of seven prepubertal patients. GH deficiency is an extremely common sequelae of CRT, beginning as early as 3 months after the completion of CRT. The deficit is progressive over time. PMID- 3902205 TI - A prospective study of detorubicin in malignant mesothelioma. AB - Between January 1981 and December 1983, a prospective therapeutic trial of detorubicin (14-diethoxyacetoxy-daunorubicin [DTR]) was conducted in 40 patients with histologically proven malignant mesothelioma (MM). DTR was given intravenously at 40 mg/m2 on days 1, 2, and 3 for five 21-day cycles, then 40 mg/m2 once every 21 days. Thirty-five patients (32 with pleural MM, 3 with peritoneal MM) were eligible. The overall median survival from onset of chemotherapy was 17 months. Complete relief from chest pain was observed in 8 of 15 cases (53%). Of 21 patients with measurable disease, there were 2 complete responses (10%) and 7 partial responses (33%). Median duration of response was 30 weeks. Congestive cardiac failure developed in two patients after 1100 and 1600 mg/m2 of DTR, respectively. Hematologic toxicity was moderate. This study demonstrates that DTR is effective against MM. PMID- 3902207 TI - Urine cytology in the detection of renal adenocarcinoma. AB - Whereas urine cytology has proved to be of considerable diagnostic value for nonpapillary urothelial carcinoma, carcinoma in situ, and high-grade urothelial tumors, controversy has arisen over the accuracy of cytology in the diagnosis of renal neoplasms. To establish the reliability of urine cytology as a detection technique, 436 urine specimens from 59 patients with histologically proven renal adenocarcinoma were examined. Malignant cells in urinary sediment were found in 121 (27.75%) specimens from 31 (52.54%) patients. Seven of 20 (35%) patients with Stage I tumor showed neoplastic cells in 16 (16.5%) of 97 urinary samples. Positive cytologic features were found in 36.9% of 84 urinary specimens from 7 (50%) of 14 patients with tumors smaller than 5 cm. Using only imaging methods, the renal neoplasm was diagnosed in 58 (98.3%) cases. Urine cytology is, therefore, of little value in the diagnostic evaluation of known renal masses and in the detection of early-stage disease. In the current series there was not a single case with positive cytologic findings in which radiology did not reveal the tumor. The cytologic examination of the urinary sediment is unreliable in the diagnosis of radiologically unresolved cases of renal neoplasms. In 15 patients (44%) who had cancer cells in the urine the neoplasm had not invaded the renal pelvis. In 36% of patients with negative urine cytologic findings the renal pelvis was involved by renal adenocarcinoma. In the current study the desquamation of neoplastic cells in the urinary stream did not depend on tumor invasion of the renal pelvis. Based on the assumption that the primary objective of a screening procedure is to achieve an adequate sensitivity for early detection of disease, the results led the authors to conclude that the use of urine cytology as a possible screening test of renal adenocarcinoma is futile. Factors in the current study that diminished the practical value of cytologic examination of urinary sediment included the large number of specimens without malignant cells and the insensitivity of the procedure in diagnosing early renal adenocarcinoma of limited extent. Although this is the largest series reported, the number of cases considered was limited and further detailed studies are mandatory to definitively clarify the value of urine cytology in detecting renal adenocarcinoma. PMID- 3902208 TI - Pure nongestational choriocarcinoma of the ovary. Report of a case. AB - The authors report a case of pure nongestational choriocarcinoma of the ovary (NGCO) in a prepubertal female patient and emphasize the electron microscopic and immunohistochemical findings. Pure NGCO accounts for 0.6% or less of all ovarian neoplasms. Distinction from gestational choriocarcinoma of the ovary (GCO) is important because of the worse prognosis of NGCO. No distinctive ultrastructural or immunohistochemical differences were found between NGCO and GCO. Cytogenetic studies may be indicated in future cases to investigate potential reasons for the difference in prognosis. PMID- 3902209 TI - Ph-positive CML in a family with a constitutional Robertsonian translocation 14;15. AB - A patient with CML in chronic phase was admitted to our center for bone marrow transplantation. Cytogenetic analysis of bone marrow cells revealed a Ph chromosome due to a standard t(9;22) and a Robertsonian t(14;15). This Robertsonian translocation was also found in PHA-stimulated lymphocytes of the patient's sister, the donor of the bone marrow. A chromosome study of the whole family proved the constitutional character of the t(14;15) abnormality and showed that it was inherited from the father's side. All family members were phenotypically normal with normal mental status. Female carriers of the t(14;15), as well as wives of male carriers, had a high incidence of miscarriages and early death of their offspring. The occurrence of Ph-positive CML in a patient with a Robertsonian t(14;15) might indicate increased risk for the development of leukemia in patients with this constitutional chromosome abnormality. This assumption however, is limited by the rarity of the Robertsonian translocations. PMID- 3902210 TI - Suppression of Ehrlich ascites tumor growth in mice by starvation and streptozotocin-induced diabetes. AB - Starvation-induced hypoglycaemia and streptozotocin-induced diabetes suppressed the growth of Ehrlich ascites tumor in mice. The suppression of tumor growth by diabetes was alleviated by administration of insulin. The number of glucose carriers on tumour cells was found to be reduced in diabetes and partial resumption of glucose carriers was observed in tumour cells of diabetes after insulin administration. Insulin had no direct effect on tumour growth in vivo and did not affect the number of glucose carriers on tumour cells in vitro. The physiological significance of these observations is discussed. PMID- 3902211 TI - Effect of pretreatment with cyclophosphamide on high-dose toxicity of melphalan in mice. AB - This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of pretreatment (or priming) with cyclophosphamide (CY) on lethal toxicity of high-dose melphalan (MELPH) in mice. In C57BL/6 X DBA/2 F1 (hereafter called B6D2F1) mice given an injection of a single dose of CY, 50 mg/kg, 1-5 days before MELPH, 20 mg/kg, improved survival was noted in only one of five experiments. Reducing the challenge dose of MELPH to 17 mg/kg did not improve survival consistently. Priming with CY, 50 mg/kg, 3 days before a dose of MELPH, 20 mg/kg, did not improve survival in CBA/J or C57BL/6 mice. These results indicate that CY is an inconsistent priming agent for abrogating high-dose MELPH toxicity in mice. A slightly earlier recovery of regenerating hemopoietic and of jejunal crypt cells was noted in CY-primed B6D2F1 mice given injections of a low dose of MELPH, 15 mg/kg. The occasional improved animal survival noted in CY-primed B6D2F1 mice might be related to this earlier cell recovery. PMID- 3902212 TI - Athymic mouse model of a human T-cell tumor. AB - Because of the large number of different immunoconjugates which can be produced from monoclonal antibody-directed anti-cancer therapy, it would be useful to have in vivo tumor models to compare such preparations. Although historically human leukemias-lymphomas have been difficult to establish in athymic mice we have succeeded in establishing human T-cell tumors from primary MOLT-4 cultures in 290 of 353 animals and have successfully transferred tumors in 42 of 45 animals during ten serial passages. The potential utility of this model for testing immunoconjugates of murine monoclonal antibody T101 have been confirmed by: (a) in all 148 tumors sampled including all passaged tumors the human T-cell antigen, T65, was expressed in a manner identical to that of cultured cells; (b) 111In T101 was concentrated preferentially in the tumor; and (c) T101 injected by both the i.p. and i.v. routes bound to tumor and induced antigenic modulation to the same extent as that observed previously in vitro and in human studies. PMID- 3902213 TI - Masking of nontumorous antigens for development of human tumor nucleolar antibodies with improved specificity. AB - Nucleoli purified from HeLa cells were spread by homogenization in low ionic strength buffer and by chelation of divalent cations. The antigenic determinants of these tumor nucleoli that are shared by normal liver nucleoli were masked by addition of rabbit anti-liver nucleolar antisera to form immune complexes. New Zealand White rabbits were immunized with these antibody-nucleolar complexes. The resulting antisera produced nucleolar fluorescence in HeLa cells but not in normal human liver or human kidney cells. One- and two-dimensional immunoblots identified a major Mr 58,000/pl 5.8 antigen in HeLa cells, which was not detected on corresponding immunoblots of normal human liver nucleoli. This method offers an improved approach to selection of tumor-associated antigens. PMID- 3902214 TI - HLA class I and beta 2-microglobulin expression in frozen and formaldehyde-fixed paraffin sections of neuroblastoma tumors. AB - Ten solid neuroblastoma tumors were examined for beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2-m) and HLA-class I expression in an immunocytochemical assay. Blood vessel endothelium and a small population of cells (less than 6% of small round cells) were consistently stained in frozen sections of each tumor. No beta 2-m or HLA class I reactivity was detected in the remainder (greater than 94%) of the small round cells in each tumor. The localization of most of the positive cells near stromal tissue and blood vessels suggests that most of these cells may be of non tumor origin. The patients from which the tumors were taken varied in degree of disease involvement, yet no differences with respect to beta 2-m and HLA-class I expression were found among the tumors. A procedure for visualizing beta 2-m and HLA-class I molecules in formaldehyde-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue is described. This confirmed the results in frozen sections. These findings extend previous reports of weak beta 2-m and HLA-class I levels in cells of neuronal origin. The clinical implications are discussed. PMID- 3902215 TI - The role of anthracyclines in the treatment of gastric cancer. AB - Prior to 1974 gastric cancer was considered refractory to chemotherapy. Single agent 5-Fluorouracil, mitomycin, and the nitrosoureas produced modest response rates with no augmentation of survival as compared to historical controls. Combinations of these agents produced slight increases in survival. The addition of doxorubicin, which had no major impact as a single agent, to 5-Fluorouracil and mitomycin C in 1974 produced impressive response rates over 40%, although these early optimistic results were tempered in randomized multi-institutional trials. Nevertheless, median overall survivals appear to have increased with this regimen over historical controls, and the substitution of cisplatin or methyl CCNU for mitomycin C in Phase II trials has produced equivalent results. Comparison with historical controls is problematic as it is unknown what role more aggressive surgery and supportive measures may have played in increasing survival. Encouraging results with combination therapy in advanced gastric cancer have suggested opportunities to employ combination chemotherapy as adjuvant therapy or together with radiation for locally advanced gastric cancer. The role of less cardiotoxic derivatives of doxorubicin remains to be more fully explored. PMID- 3902216 TI - Clinical trials of adult acute nonlymphocytic leukemia: evidence of progress. PMID- 3902217 TI - Occurrence of second primary malignancies in man--a second look. PMID- 3902218 TI - Treatment of meningeal carcinomatosis. PMID- 3902219 TI - Molecular assays for detection of ras oncogenes in human and animal tumors. PMID- 3902220 TI - New view of carcinogenesis: implications for chemotherapy and human risk assessment. PMID- 3902221 TI - Multistep malignant transformation of mammalian cells by carcinogens: induction of immortality as a key event. PMID- 3902222 TI - Biological mechanisms of stem cell carcinogenesis: a concept for multiple phases in the initiation of carcinogenesis and the role of differentiation control defects. PMID- 3902223 TI - Genetic dissection of growth factor-mediated controls of cell proliferation as an approach to analyze the process of tumor progression. PMID- 3902224 TI - Molsidomine--an effective antianginal drug. Results of an acute randomized stress testing study. AB - The antianginal efficacy of molsidomine (single oral dose of 2 mg), a new antianginal drug, was evaluated in 12 patients with coronary artery disease in a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled study by bicycle ergometry. Besides the standard ergometric parameters, the myocardial efficiency index (MEI) was determined from the ratio of the maximum workload (kgm/min) to double product (mm Hg X min) X 10(-2), normalized for body surface area. Compared to placebo, molsidomine decreased positive exercise tests by 50%, pain response by 66%, and the magnitude of ST depression by 43%. Furthermore, the onset of ergometric positive response was delayed, with an increase in maximum workload achieved (+21%), total work performed (+43%), and duration of exercise (+28%). MEI also increased from 0.98 +/- 0.43 to 1.18 +/- 0.44 (p less than 0.005), due to a significant increase in maximal workload without a parallel increase in double product. These findings suggest that molsidomine is an effective antianginal drug and improves myocardial efficiency in patients with angina due to coronary artery disease. PMID- 3902225 TI - Digital subtraction angiography of renal arteries--pitfalls and benefits. AB - Digital subtraction angiography has gained wide acceptance in evaluating the cardiovascular system. Two main routes for administration of contrast medium are used: venous or arterial injection. Each method has both advantages and disadvantages. PMID- 3902227 TI - Localization procedures in pheochromocytoma and neuroblastoma. AB - Localization procedures are required in catecholamine-producing tumors after clinical and biochemical confirmation. Computed tomography, ultrasound and/or 131I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (131I-MIBG) scintigraphy was performed in patients with pheochromocytoma, neuroblastoma and metastases of carcinoid tumors. Whereas computed tomography and ultrasound reflect morphological abnormalities, adrenomedullary scintigraphy depends on hormonal activity and other factors. 131I MIBG scintigraphy has the advantage of detecting extraadrenal, multilocular and malignant pheochromocytomas. Especially small lesions and tumor tissue in bone marrow in children with neuroblastoma can be visualized more easily. PMID- 3902226 TI - Adrenalectomy in primary aldosteronism: a long-term follow-up study. AB - The effect of unilateral adrenalectomy in primary aldosteronism was analyzed in 38 patients with unilateral adenoma, 12 cases with idiopathic bilateral hyperplasia and 1 patient suffering from an aldosterone-producing carcinoma. Responses to surgery differed markedly. In all 38 adenoma cases plasma aldosterone dropped to normal levels and remained within normal range during a mean follow-up period of 75 +/- 12 months. 23 (61%) of these patients became normotensive without medication and thus could be classified as definitely cured. 34% (13 patients) improved (normotensive under medical treatment) and only 2 cases (5%) remained hypertensive despite sufficient medical treatment. In the hyperplasia group, however, the effect of adrenalectomy was disappointing. None of these subjects showed a long-lasting normalization of aldosterone secretion. A temporary remission for no more than 3-4 months was achieved in only 3 patients. In a fourth case with macronodular hyperplasia, primary aldosteronism relapsed after a 6-year period of normal blood pressure and aldosterone values. Therefore, 6 years after adrenalectomy no hyperplasia patient was definitely cured in contrast to 61% of the adenoma cases. The problems in the management of hypertension in adrenal hyperplasia are furthermore documented by a poorer blood pressure control despite antihypertensive medication and a high rate of vascular complications. During the follow-up, 3 of 12 hyperplasia patients experienced a cerebrovascular event and 1 a myocardial infarction. PMID- 3902228 TI - Prevention of fatal and nonfatal ischemic heart disease by early treatment of hypertension. AB - Between 1979 and 1984 two major hypertension intervention studies involving 14,000 patients have demonstrated convincing evidence for the effectiveness of blood pressure reduction on both primary and secondary prevention of ischemic heart disease. Previous treatment trials using insufficient numbers and shorter observation periods had produced inconclusive results as far as coronary heart disease is concerned. More recently, warnings have been voiced that untoward effects of diuretics on serum lipids might possibly harm the hypertensive patient because of transient slight increases of cholesterol levels. In this regard, two antihypertensive treatment studies, one lasting 5 years and the other 6 years, are reassuring as they provide unequivocal proof that there is no undesirable increase in lipid levels. The myocardium and its coronary arteries today appear as the major target organ among patients with untreated hypertension. 'Mild' blood pressure elevation is very frequent and, since poorly controlled hypertension was shown to contribute the largest number of cases of fatal and nonfatal ischemic heart disease, it is recommended that the present conservative therapeutic approach toward 'mild' hypertension should be re-evaluated. PMID- 3902229 TI - Curable renal parenchymatous hypertension: current diagnosis and management. AB - Unilateral parenchymatous kidney disease associated with high blood pressure represents a potentially curable form of hypertension. Surgery may normalize blood pressure in a substantial number of these patients. Curable renal parenchymatous hypertension includes unilateral tubulointerstitial kidney diseases such as chronic pyelonephritis, reflux nephropathy, segmental hypoplasia and radiation nephritis, hydronephrosis, simple renal cysts, traumatic kidney lesions and renal tumors associated with high blood pressure. Renal ischemia and in turn activation of the renin angiotensin system is involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension in most of these patients. In patients with unilateral kidney disease and hypertension, both an operative and a medical therapeutic approach have a high success rate. Good candidates for nephrectomy are young patients with severe hypertension, strict unilateral disease, normal plasma creatinine levels and minimal function of the involved kidney. In unilateral hydronephrosis reconstructive surgery or nephrectomy may cure or improve hypertension in the vast majority of the patients. Surgically correctable hypertension has also been reported in some patients with large renal cysts and renal tumors (hemangiopericytoma, Wilm's tumor, hypernephroma, renal pelvic tumor). PMID- 3902230 TI - Parameters of 99mTc-DTPA transfer function in renal artery stenosis. AB - A new method is presented for decomposition of 99mTc-DTPA renal transfer functions (TF) into their capillary and tubular parts. Amplitudes and mean transit times of both parts were calculated and used for quantitative evaluation of renal perfusion, extraction and transport in 21 patients with renal artery stenosis. The amplitudes showed a positive correlation to the effective renal plasma flow and a negative correlation to the grade of stenosis. The parameters of TF are independent of the contralateral kidney, so they can be used for screening for renovascular disease as well as for pre- and postoperative evaluation of kidneys even in cases of bilateral disease. PMID- 3902231 TI - Comparison of nephroangiotomography, intravenous subtraction angiography and digital subtraction angiography in the diagnosis of renal hypertension. AB - Nephroangiotomography (NATG), intravenous subtraction angiography (ISA) and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) were compared with regard to their specificity and diagnostic value, their expenditure of time, equipment and staff as well as to their risk for the patients. The interpretation of NATG is inferior to ISA. The hitting quota of ISA and DSA is equal. The expenditure of time and staff for ISA is important, whereas the equipment for DSA is considerable; however, it has a wider use. In case of a low patient number, ISA delivers sufficient results in the diagnosis of renal hypertension with the advantage that it can also be performed in smaller radiological institutes. PMID- 3902232 TI - Primary aldosteronism: diagnosis and noninvasive lateralization procedures. AB - In 72 patients with primary aldosteronism who were classified on the basis of adrenal pathology after adrenalectomy, analysis of routine clinical and laboratory data, of supine and upright plasma aldosterone, and of plasma renin activity were of limited value in differentiating patients with aldosterone producing adenoma(s) (APA, n = 59) from those with idiopathic adrenal hyperplasia (IAH, n = 13). Normokalemic aldosteronism occurred in 6 patients (3 APA, 3 IAH). A correct classification of the adrenal lesion(s) was obtained in 80% of the patients by computed tomography and only in 69% by adrenal scintiscan. In addition, adrenal scintiscan was hampered by a relatively high rate of incorrect results independent of whether dexamethasone was used or not. Small adenomas (less than 1 cm) and more often adrenal hyperplasia may escape visualization by computed tomography. PMID- 3902233 TI - Rare causes of adrenocortical hypertension. AB - The rare disorders that cause increased production of mineralocorticoid hormones and hypertension are examined. The varied mechanisms are considered but the results are invariably associated with the hallmarks of mineralocorticoid excess, hypokalemia, suppression of the renin system, and hypertension. PMID- 3902234 TI - Pathogenetic aspects of hypertension in Cushing's syndrome. AB - Abnormalities of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) were observed in hypertensive patients suffering from Cushing's syndrome. In 12 patients with different etiology of Cushing's syndrome renin substrate concentration and urinary-free cortisol, as well as the circadian rhythms of plasma cortisol, aldosterone and plasma renin activity were measured. Plasma renin substrate concentrations were found elevated in all but 1 patient, while plasma renin activity was elevated, normal or lowered. Plasma aldosterone values were found in the lower normal range. A physiological rhythm of cortisol secretion was not observed in any patient with Cushing's syndrome, while plasma aldosterone was secreted episodically mostly within the normal range. We conclude that changes of the RAAS may not be predominantly responsive for hypertension in Cushing's syndrome; other factors like circulating catecholamines are probably of greater importance for the pathogenesis of blood pressure elevation in hypercortisolemic patients. PMID- 3902236 TI - Who is my patient after my patient dies? Issues in organ procurement. AB - Organ donation, procurement, and transplantation have become commonplace events. When a person is dying, the attending physician's "patients" include not only the grieving family but also the many unknown persons awaiting an organ for transplantation. A regional transplant program can be immensely helpful to the attending physician, the hospital staff, and the family of the dying patient. PMID- 3902235 TI - The role of continuous wave Doppler imaging in a vascular unit. AB - A continuous wave (CW) Doppler imaging system has been used in the assessment of patients with suspected carotid artery disease. In 137 comparisons with conventional angiography the sensitivity of CW Doppler Imaging was 91% and specificity 93% respectively in the detection of greater than 50% diameter internal carotid stenosis. The main diagnostic criterion for greater than 50% internal carotid stenosis was the presence of a peak internal carotid systolic Doppler shift frequency greater than 4 KHz. An examination protocol is recommended which combines CW Doppler imaging with common carotid waveform changes and the temporal artery compression test. PMID- 3902237 TI - A double-blind comparison of a new ibuprofen-codeine phosphate combination, codeine phosphate, and placebo in the relief of postepisiotomy pain. AB - In a double-blind single-dose study, the analgesic effect of a new ibuprofen codeine phosphate combination was compared with those of codeine phosphate alone and placebo for the relief of moderate and severe postepisiotomy pain. In the 113 patients studied, combination therapy was superior to codeine phosphate alone and to placebo, the difference between the combination and codeine phosphate alone reaching statistical significance (P less than 0.05) after two hours. The few side effects reported were not of a serious nature. PMID- 3902238 TI - A double-blind trial comparing mianserin and maprotiline in depressed inpatients. AB - The antidepressant effects and side effects of mianserin and maprotiline were assessed in a double-blind trial in 62 inpatients (34 men and 28 women; mean age, 43.6 years) with primary depressive illness. For the first week of the trial, 32 patients received 30 mg/day of mianserin and 30 patients received 75 mg/day of maprotiline; for the next three weeks, the dosage of each drug was doubled. According to scores on the Hamilton Psychiatric Rating Scale for Depression, administered on days 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28, the antidepressant effects of the two drugs were virtually identical. Results of electrocardiographic and vectorcardiographic recordings and other measurements indicated that by day 28 the QRS duration was significantly longer (P less than 0.05) in the maprotiline group. On days 14 and 28, mean systolic blood pressure was significantly higher (P less than 0.05) in the maprotiline group. By day 28, the incidence of anticholinergic side effects--constipation and dry mouth--was significantly higher (P less than 0.05) in the maprotiline group. Although maprotiline's effects on heart functions never reached clinical significance, its anticholinergic side effects could be bothersome, especially to older patients. PMID- 3902239 TI - Effects of san-huang-hsieh-hsin-tang on sympathetic activity, plasma renin, and plasma aldosterone. AB - San-Huang-Hsieh-Hsin-Tang, an ancient Chinese remedy for gastrointestinal disorders, was also found to lower blood pressure. The authors therefore investigated the effects of this substance on sympathetic activity, plasma renin, and plasma aldosterone. Sympathetic activity and plasma renin activity, but not plasma aldosterone levels, were significantly reduced with treatment. The depressed plasma renin activity could be secondary to depressed sympathetic activity. The discrepancy between plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone levels, which is also found with beta-blockers, could be explained by the following sequence: decreased renin----decreased aldosterone----increased serum potassium----recovery of aldosterone. PMID- 3902240 TI - Conventional and sustained-release procainamide: update on pharmacology and clinical use. AB - Hemodynamic and electrophysiologic effects of procainamide, the pharmacokinetic properties of conventional and sustained-release forms of the drug, guidelines for its administration and dosage, and contraindications for and adverse effects of its use are outlined. A review of clinical studies of procainamide therapy concludes that in the treatment of ventricular arrhythmia it is comparable to other class IA drugs and generally superior to beta-blockers and to class IB drugs. For atrial arrhythmias, procainamide is usually the drug of choice when intravenous therapy is indicated; for oral prophylaxis, quinidine or the sustained-release form of procainamide is more effective than conventional formulation oral procainamide. Because procainamide is the only class I antiarrhythmic drug currently available that is commonly administered intravenously and orally, it is frequently the drug of choice for patients requiring both immediate and intermediate periods of arrhythmia control. It is often the drug of choice for initial testing with programmed electrical stimulation. PMID- 3902241 TI - Double-blind study of benzydamine hydrochloride, a new treatment for sore throat. AB - Forty-four patients with sore throat participated in a placebo-controlled, double blind clinical trial of benzydamine hydrochloride administered as a gargle. After medical evaluation and throat culture, 21 patients were treated with a solution containing benzydamine and 23 patients with a placebo solution. Statistical analysis of scores from patients' diaries showed that benzydamine solution afforded significantly greater (P less than 0.001) relief of pain and dysphagia at 24 hours than did the placebo solution. Physician evaluations at 24 hours showed that the benzydamine solution had significantly greater effect than did placebo on hyperemia (P less than 0.004) and edema (P less than 0.005). Side effects were minimal and of no clinical significance. The findings indicate that benzydamine hydrochloride is safe and effective therapy for the signs and symptoms of sore throat. PMID- 3902242 TI - [Treatment of hypertension with urapidil]. PMID- 3902243 TI - [Urinary excretion of vitamin C in chronic renal failure and after kidney transplantation]. PMID- 3902245 TI - Ultrastructural immunocytochemical localization of lysozyme in human monocytes and macrophages. AB - In order to investigate the mechanism of synthesis and secretion of lysozyme (LZ) by human mononuclear phagocytes, the ultrastructural localization of LZ was studied by a pre-embedding direct immunoperoxidase method. Blood monocytes showed a reaction product for LZ in cytoplasmic granules, whereas cultured monocytes showed the reaction product in phagosomes as well as granules at 5 h of culture and in numerous large granules at 3 days of culture. In Kupffer cells, LZ was present in cytoplasmic granules, vacuoles and phagosomes. Some Kupffer cells showed a positive reaction for LZ in the rough endoplasmic reticulum, perinuclear cisterna and Golgi apparatus. Macrophages in the lymph nodes contained LZ in cytoplasmic granules. Bone marrow macrophages contained numerous phagosomes with electron-dense degradation products of erythrocytes, but the reaction product for LZ could not be clearly identified. The present study demonstrated that LZ is present in the granules of human mononuclear phagocytes and released into phagosomes. An in-vitro culture study, furthermore, demonstrated that macrophages produce LZ-containing large granules distinct from those of monocytes. However, findings that indicate the synthesis and secretion of LZ by cultured monocytes, as suggested previously by other investigators, were not observed in this study. PMID- 3902244 TI - Immunohistochemical and biochemical study on the development of the noradrenaline and adrenaline-storing cells of the adrenal medulla of the rat. AB - The pre- and postnatal development of the adrenal medulla was examined in the rat by immunohistochemistry and by assay of catecholamines. Immunohistochemistry involved the use of antibodies to noradrenaline (NA), adrenaline (A) and the biosynthesizing enzymes dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) and phenylethanolamine N methyltransferase (PNMT). Adrenal glands were obtained from animals from the 16th day of gestation to the 7th postnatal day at daily intervals, and at the 14th postnatal day, and from adult rats. Tissues were fixed in ice-cold, 4% paraformaldehyde, buffered at pH 7.3. Cryostat sections (7 microns) were stained with the indirect immunofluorescence technique. Adrenals from the same developmental stages were assayed for the presence of DA (dopamine), NA and A by ion-pair reversed-phase liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. In adult adrenals the majority of the medullary cells (approximately 80%) were highly immunoreactive to A and moderately immunoreactive to NA. They also showed immunoreactivity to both DBH and PNMT, i.e., they are synthesizing and storing A. The remaining cell clusters were only stained by antibodies to DBH and NA (NA synthesizing and -storing cells). These findings correlate well with the relative concentrations of A and NA as determined by assay. Three developmental phases could be distinguished. In the first phase, the 16th and 17th prenatal day, medullary cells were only immunoreactive to DBH and NA, and only very small amounts of A as compared to NA were found. During the second period, from the 18th prenatal day to 2 or 3 days after birth, all medullary cells were immunoreactive to DBH, NA, PNMT and A, and during this phase the adrenaline concentration increased daily and became the predominant amine on the 20th day of gestation. Adrenaline represented 75% of total catecholamine on the 1st to 3rd day after birth. The third phase started at the 2nd or 3rd postnatal day and was characterized by the presence of an increasing number of medullary cells solely immunoreactive to DBH and NA, hence synthesizing and storing NA. The remaining cells were immunoreactive to DBH, NA, PNMT and A. Postnatally, the relative concentration of A continued to rise reaching 79% by the 4th postnatal day. These results indicate that initially the adrenal medullary cells are synthesizing and storing almost exclusively NA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3902247 TI - Vasotocin-immunoreactive elements and neuronal typology in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the chicken and Japanese quail. AB - A Golgi study of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the chicken and Japanese quail revealed in this area a complex neuronal pattern and typology, including specialized dendritic patterns. Immunocytochemical studies provided evidence for the existence of a vasotocinergic system within the SCN, mainly in its rostral portion. Other clusters of immunoreactive elements are located in the lateral and dorsal divisions of this nucleus; they show a different distribution in the chicken and Japanese quail. The present results confirm, in birds, the existence of a morphologically defined SCN, the complex cytoarchitecture of which suggests specialized functions. PMID- 3902246 TI - Ependymoneuronal specializations between LHRH fibers and cells of the cerebroventricular system. AB - Light- and electron-microscopic immunocytochemistry (LM-ICC and EM-ICC) were used to visualize luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) in fibres associated with ventricular ependyma and tanycytes of the median eminence. LM-ICC suggests that LHRH fibers appear to enter the third ventricle. However, with EM-ICC, LHRH fibers are in fact found within ependymal canaliculi formed by adjacent ependymal cells. The canaliculi contain other myelinated and unmyelinated axons in addition to immunoreactive LHRH fibers. Thin slips of ependymal and tanycyte processes project into the canaliculi and enclose axons to varying degrees. At the median eminence many LHRH fibers bend sharply downwards from their ventricular course and travel with tanycytic processes towards their common destination - the perivascular space of the hypophysial-portal vascular system. Here, EM-ICC reveals that LHRH fibers closely contact basal processes of tanycytes. Lateral processes from tanycytes form glioplasmic sheaths which surround some individual LHRH fibers. A few LHRH terminals contact the perivascular space directly but more often are separated from the perivascular space by intervening glia. It is hypothesized that: (1) glia of this region responds to the physiological state of the animal and may determine the degree of LHRH secretion by varying the extent of glial investment of LHRH terminals; and (2) may play a role during development by providing direction and support for LHRH fibers similar to that described for radial and other glial cells. PMID- 3902248 TI - The postnatal development of cell populations in the rat popliteal lymph node. An immunohistochemical study. AB - The postnatal development of the various cell populations in the rat popliteal lymph node was investigated applying enzyme-histochemical and immunohistochemical techniques. From birth, T-lymphocytes and interdigitating cells were demonstrable. During the development of the young lymph node, T-lymphocytes of the helper phenotype outnumbered the T-cells with a suppressor phenotype; they account for approximately 70% and 30% of all T-lymphocytes, respectively. At the very first day of postnatal life, post-capillary venules were already present. B lymphocytes occurred later than T-cells during ontogeny; they were found on the second day after birth, most of them being IgM- or IgG-bearing lymphocytes. The first primary follicles occurred at day 18 and contained principally membrane stained IgM cells and, to a lesser extent, membrane-stained IgG cells. The appearance of follicular dendritic cells correlated with the formation of primary follicles. With respect to the macrophages, it appeared that the ED1- and ED3 positive subpopulations were present with a similar distributional pattern as seen in adults, but in considerably lower numbers. The expression of ED2, however, showed a sudden increase in the third week of life. Findings of the present study are discussed in relation to those obtained in other investigations dealing with the ontogenetic development of lymphoid organs. PMID- 3902249 TI - Two doctors in Central Africa. Part 2. Establishing the Mission and Hospital. PMID- 3902250 TI - Stromal-epithelial interactions in adult organs. PMID- 3902251 TI - DNA methylation and CpG suppression. AB - Cytosine methylation in vertebrate genomes occurs predominantly at the dinucleotide CpG. This dinucleotide is deficient in vertebrate DNA, an observation which has hitherto been explained by passive deamination of S methylcytosine to thymidine. Since the frequency and distribution of CpG may prove to be a useful indirect means to study the function of DNA methylation, it is of interest that the observed 'CpG suppression' is less apparent within and around coding sequences. A variety of different mechanisms now appear to be responsible for maintaining a relatively high CpG level in these regions despite the apparent attendant disadvantage of mutation. PMID- 3902252 TI - Tendinitis: the analysis and treatment for running. AB - The material presented has been designed to offer an approach to the diagnosis and treatment of chronic tendinitis in the runner. Although there is a paucity of experimental data dealing with the behavior of the muscle-tendon unit during lengthening contractions as compared with the volume that exists concerning shortening contractions, results indicate that force increases with length from both eccentric and concentric contractions. The literature also suggests that eccentric contraction is a means by which muscles can maximize their force production while minimizing time delays and energy expenditure. Using this information in our clinical experience, we have developed an exercise program to treat chronic tendinitis. Pain, the cardinal sign of tendinitis, is used as both a way to classify the severity of the tendinitis and a yardstick for the progress of treatment. PMID- 3902253 TI - Cardiovascular aspects of running. AB - Running is an excellent means of conditioning the cardiovascular system. It is a highly aerobic activity that utilizes both fatty acids and carbohydrates for energy. The typical runner tends to have a slow resting pulse rate and a high maximal oxygen consumption. Echocardiographic studies show that distance runners have larger, thicker left ventricles than do sedentary controls; their hearts are more efficient than those of sedentary people, pumping a larger volume per beat. Physiologic findings on examination of well-trained runners can sometimes be confused with pathologic entities. The "athlete's heart," once believed to be an abnormal condition, is now recognized as representing a highly efficient organ. Runners are not immune to organic heart disease. Careful physical examination of the cardiovascular system, the resting EKG, and echocardiography are useful ways to screen young competitive athletes for cardiomyopathy, the leading cause of sudden death in this age group. Treadmill testing is often used as a screening test in middle-aged and older runners for underlying coronary atherosclerotic heart disease, the leading cause of sudden exercise-related death in this age category. Radionuclide exercise scans and, on occasion, coronary angiography will be of use when the diagnosis of coronary disease is still in doubt. Distance running has positive effects on a host of coronary risk factors, which may help to explain why chronic endurance exercise is associated with lower coronary death rates. PMID- 3902254 TI - Patellofemoral problems in runners. AB - Unlike twisting and cutting sports, in which there are torsional forces placed on the knee, distance running involves straight line motion. The biomechanics of running usually insure a relatively smooth tracking of the patella in the femoral groove, so it is rare for a runner to experience an acute traumatic injury of the joint. Since such injuries are rare, this article concentrates on stress-related patellofemoral syndromes that are seen in runners. PMID- 3902255 TI - [Ultrasonic screening in pregnancy]. PMID- 3902256 TI - [Fetal hypotrophy]. PMID- 3902257 TI - Ceftazidime in the therapy of pseudomonal meningitis. AB - In this study we report about the efficacy and tolerability of ceftazidime in the treatment of 10 cases of pseudomonal meningitis (nine Pseudomonas aeruginosa and one Pseudomonas cepacia). The 10 patients had a pseudomonal infection of the central nervous system (CNS) complicating neurosurgical procedures or developed on a preexisting immunodepressing condition; four patients were of pediatric age. All isolates were sensitive to ceftazidime with MICs ranging from 0.39 to 3.12 micrograms/ml. Ceftazidime was given intravenously at the dosage of 100-150 mg/kg/day. In seven cases amikacin was associated by intralumbar or intraventricular instillation. The duration of ceftazidime treatment ranged from 9 to 49 days with a mean of 22.2. Eight cases out of ten were cured bacteriologically and clinically, while the remaining two were cured after treatment with other antibiotics. Concentrations of ceftazidime in serum and in lumbar and/or ventricular cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were obtained in four cases; the mean concentration in lumbar CSF was 12.2 micrograms/ml and in ventricular 3.3 micrograms/ml. The study demonstrated that ceftazidime is effective in the treatment of Pseudomonal meningitis. PMID- 3902258 TI - Immunopotentiation in infectious disease, II. Effect of bestatin on experimental infection. AB - A two-stage protocol designed to evaluate putative immunomodulators for use in infectious disease has been proposed. In this report the effect of bestatin on a series of clinically relevant, and sub-lethal infections is described. Pyelonephritis, peritonitis and bacteremia were induced with Escherichia coli, while Klebsiella pneumoniae was used to produce a lung infection. Bestatin had no effect on the course of these infections. In a further experiment we assessed the effect of combined bestatin/antibiotic therapy on the course of renal infection. Again no effect was observed. These findings are consistent with the known immunomodulatory properties of bestatin. This methodology will be used to evaluate selected agents for their potential in infectious disease and should lead to useful clinical protocols. PMID- 3902259 TI - Molecular mechanisms of diketone neurotoxicity. AB - The important industrial and commercial solvents n-hexane and methyl n-butyl ketone undergo metabolic conversion in experimental animals and man to the neurotoxic gamma-diketone 2,5-hexanedione. Several molecular mechanisms of action have been proposed to explain the pathogenesis of gamma-diketone neuropathy. Such a mechanism must account for the target organ specificity, neurofilament accumulation, structure/activity relationships, in vivo covalent binding, and apparent direct axonal toxicity encountered in this syndrome. It has been proposed that the gamma-diketones exert their effects by reaction with sulfhydryl moieties of energy-producing axonal glycolytic enzymes, with resultant disruption of axoplasmic transport. Others have suggested that reaction instead occurs with lysine moieties of axonal cytoskeletal proteins to form alkyl pyrrole adducts, leading to damaging physicochemical changes in these proteins. Additional hypotheses involve inhibition of axonal sterologenesis, alterations in nerve membrane properties, and reduced neurofilament proteolysis within the nerve terminal. Although a comprehensive mechanism of action for the gamma-diketones remains to be demonstrated, much progress has been made toward this goal. Ultimate success awaits elucidation of the interactions of the neurotoxic diketones with axonal components at the molecular level. Previous reviews have addressed the historical, pharmacokinetic, and neuropathological aspects of this neuropathy. The present critique will examine proposed molecular mechanisms for the gamma-diketones with regard to theoretical considerations and experimental evidence. PMID- 3902260 TI - Deoxyribonucleic acids and related compounds. XII. Polymer support synthesis of a 46-mer duplex containing the promoter of galactose operon of Escherichia coli. PMID- 3902261 TI - Thymic peptide hormones: basic properties and clinical applications in cancer. AB - The manuscript will provide an in-depth and critical review of the nomenclature, biochemistry, biological properties, and a summary of published and on-going clinical trials with all reported thymic preparations, including both partially purified thymic factors (e.g., thymosin fraction 5, thymostimulin) as well as purified and synthesized thymic peptides (e.g., thymosin alpha 1, thymulin). Particular emphasis will be placed on which thymic peptides should be categorized as true hormones. In addition, the comparative biochemistry and biological activity in animals will be summarized and contrasted for all the currently available thymic factors. The effects, in vitro of thymic factors, on peripheral blood lymphocytes isolated from normal donors and patients with primary immunodeficiency disorders, autoimmune disorders, and neoplastic disorders will also be reviewed. Finally, a detailed critical summary of the clinical trials performed with each of the thymic preparations will be presented with an emphasis on treatment of patients with cancer. PMID- 3902262 TI - Current considerations of the etiology of aplastic anemia. AB - Aplastic anemia is a disorder characterized by marrow aplasia and pancytopenia. The pathogenetic mechanisms that lead to bone marrow aplasia have been intensively studied. Data obtained from these studies suggest that aplastic anemia is a heterogeneous disorder with regards to pathogenesis. Bone marrow aplasia may result from a number of abnormalities including qualitative or quantitative abnormalities of hematopoietic stem cells, abnormal interaction between bone marrow accessory cells (lymphocytes and macrophages) and hematopoietic stem cells, cytotoxic humoral inhibitors of hematopoiesis, and abnormalities of the bone marrow microenvironment. A number of new therapeutic options have improved the survival of patients with aplastic anemia. Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation has actually resulted in the cure of patients. Unfortunately, only a minority of patients have a suitable bone marrow donor and alternate modes of therapy have been sought. Encouraging results have been reported from several centers concerning the use of antilymphocyte serum in patients with aplastic anemia. Certainty of the ultimate long-term benefit of this type of immunosuppressive therapy is not possible until careful, randomized, prospective studies of its use are completed. PMID- 3902263 TI - Chronic myelogenous leukemia. AB - Chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML) is a well-known myeloproliferative disorder, with typical clinical and hematological features, which develops into a lethal blastic crisis within an average of 4 years. In the last few years much has been learned about the cell responsible for the leukemic deviation, chromosomal abnormalities both in chronic phase and in blastic transformation, biochemical and cytochemical behavior of leukemic cells, and the immunology of the disease. On the contrary, polychemotherapy has brought but little progress in CML treatment. However, thorough research on prognostic factors at the onset of the disorder allows a more rational approach to the treatment, and in the near future interesting progress in bone marrow transplantation is to be expected. Also, monoclonal antibody techniques will reveal further knowledge on the origin and differentiation of leukemic cells and the relationship between the chronic phase and the blastic deviation. PMID- 3902264 TI - Analysis of gene expression during hematopoiesis: present and future applications. AB - Recombinant DNA technology now provides the strategies required to identify genes whose expression controls the development of normal and pathologic blood cells. Characterization of the gene families responsible for synthesis of hemoglobins, immunoglobulins, histocompatibility antigens, and cellular enzymes have already, or are about to, provide major insights into the mechanisms producing normal erythroid cells, immunocytes, and immune surface features. Hemoglobinopathies, leukemias, and autoimmune diseases of the bone marrow can now be examined to a degree of detail previously inaccessible to investigators. Oncogene translocation analysis is shedding new light on the pathogenesis of leukemias and lymphomas. Recent basic advances now permit direct cloning and identification of genes in host organisms which express their protein products, thus allowing isolation of genes coding for the hematopoietic surface markers and growth factors which characterize and regulate blood cell progenitors. This review summarizes the molecular genetic approach to analysis of normal and pathologic hematopoiesis, surveys major findings which have resulted, and examines the potential use of refined gene cloning strategies for improved understanding of blood cell development. PMID- 3902265 TI - Clinical pharmacology of oral intermediate-dose methotrexate with or without probenecid. AB - Serum methotrexate (MTX) levels were measured in 20 patients who received an oral, intermediate-dose MTX regimen preceded by an IV loading dose, with or without probenecid. Plateau serum MTX levels were relatively modest (less than or equal to 2 X 10(-6)M) during the 24 h of treatment. Pretreatment with probenecid (PBC) led to a doubling of the serum MTX level and a significant increase in the area under the concentration-time curve. Nevertheless, oral therapy is not a suitable means of producing sustained, high (10(-5) molar) MTX levels, even with the addition of PBC. PMID- 3902266 TI - Inactivation of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) in blood and protection of its toxicity by sodium thiosulfate in rabbits. AB - The mode of inactivation of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (DDP) in the bloodstream and protection from its toxicity by sodium thiosulfate (STS) were investigated in rabbits. Plasma ultrafiltrate in rabbits given 5 mg/kg DDP IV and various excess molar ratios of STS IV were assayed for the active platinum levels with a new microbiological assay system using an E. coli strain. The active platinum species in the plasma were inactivated completely by co-administration of a 400-fold excess of STS IV. The rabbits were almost completely protected against both BUN increase and body weight loss normally caused by DDP when 400 fold doses of STS were given. Diuretic effects were also observed. Our data provide evidence for the basis of optimum use of STS to protect against DDP toxicity. PMID- 3902267 TI - The effects of multiple combination chemotherapy with vincristine, cyclophosphamide (Endoxan), methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil, adriamycin and prednisolone (VEMFAH) for advanced breast cancer. AB - Thirty-eight patients with advanced breast cancer were treated with the 'VEMFAH' multiple-drug combination chemotherapy, consisting of vincristine (V), cyclophosphamide (Endoxan; E), methotrexate (M), 5-fluorouracil (F), adriamycin (A), and prednisolone (H). Disease response was evaluated by the UICC criteria. Among the 35 evaluable cases, 4 complete responses (CR), 23 partial responses (PR), 2 cases of no change (NC), and 6 of progressive disease (PD) were observed. The response rate (CR + PR) was 77.1%. The median duration of response was 52 weeks (8-192 weeks) or 12 months. In 32 patients who received more than two courses of therapy the 50% survival time of responders was 27.0 months, which was significantly longer than the 10.3 months of nonresponders (P less than 0.05). Except for 2 patients who developed myocardial damage, the therapy was never terminated because of side effects. Cumulative cardiotoxicity was not apparent in this study. This multiple-drug combination chemotherapy with 'VEMFAH' is concluded to be an effective treatment for advanced and disseminated breast cancer. PMID- 3902268 TI - The modulating effects of flurbiprofen on adriamycin plus vincristine or vindesine in the treatment of advanced breast cancer. AB - To assess the modulating effects of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug on chemotherapeutic agents, 183 patients with advanced breast cancer have been treated in a randomised study with flurbiprofen or placebo and adriamycin plus a vinca alkaloid. To assess the efficacy of the new vinca alkaloid, vindesine, in breast cancer, patients were further randomised to receive vindesine or vincristine. The overall response rate in evaluable patients was 57%, and the median duration of response in the different treatment groups varied from 6 to 10 months. Response rates and toxicity in vindesine- and vincristine-treated patients were similar, although with vindesine neurotoxicity was slightly lower. Flurbiprofen did not improve the response rate or reduce the toxicity of adriamycin plus vinca alkaloid. PMID- 3902269 TI - Data on the carcinogenicity of chemicals in the IARC Monographs programme. AB - Data were extracted from IARC Monographs volumes 1-38 on chemicals and exposures for which some data on carcinogenicity in humans, or sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals existed. In all, 288 chemicals, industrial processes and complex mixtures fulfilled these criteria. For 30 chemicals or mixtures of chemicals, and nine industrial processes, there was sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in humans; and for 63 chemicals and mixtures of chemicals and for five industrial processes, there was evidence that these exposures were probably carcinogenic to humans. For 61 chemicals or groups of chemicals and six industrial processes or occupations, no evaluation of carcinogenicity to humans could be made. For 115 chemicals there is sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity to experimental animals, but no epidemiological data are available. Publications not earlier referred to on the carcinogenicity of these chemicals and exposures were found for approximately 70. A call is made for further information on these exposures with a view to updating the IARC Monographs. PMID- 3902270 TI - The relationship of plasma catecholamines to acute metabolic and hormonal responses to injury in man. AB - Plasma catecholamine concentrations in 40 patients shortly after accidental injury rose progressively with increasing severity of injury. Norepinephrine and epinephrine concentrations were unrelated other than by a common rise with severity; dopamine was closely related norepinephrine and not independently related to injury severity. Plasma glucose concentrations rose after injury; however, this was related only to the plasma epinephrine concentration and not independently to injury severity. Plasma lactate concentrations, in contrast, showed components related both to severity of injury and independently to norepinephrine and epinephrine concentrations. Plasma insulin concentrations were uniformly low, especially with respect to the hyperglycemia, in patients with high plasma epinephrine concentrations. Plasma concentrations of free fatty acids and of cortisol were unrelated to plasma catecholamine concentrations, as were pulse rate and blood pressure. These relationships confirm the expected role of the sympathoadrenal system in the metabolic changes following injury in man. PMID- 3902271 TI - Myocardial dysfunction in a nonlethal, nonshock model of chronic endotoxemia. AB - Escherichia coli endotoxin (ET) was administered to adult rats by continuous IV infusion from a subcutaneously implanted osmotic pump (Alzet). Myocardial function was assessed after 6 and 30 hr of ET infusion and compared with control rats which received a saline infusion and were fasted to match the anorexia of ET rats. Cardiac output (CO) and coronary blood flow, measured by the radiolabeled microsphere method, and mean arterial blood pressure, heart rate, total peripheral resistance, and stroke volume, were determined in vivo. Treatment differences were limited to a 13% lower arterial pressure in ET rats after 30 hr of infusion. Myocardial function was evaluated in vitro in similarly treated rats with the isolated perfused working heart preparation; preload was altered by raising the left atrial filling pressure (LAFP) from 10 to 30 cm water. After both 6 and 30 hr of infusion, hearts from ET rats exhibited a significantly lower peak systolic pressure (PSP), CO, and coronary flow in response to increasing LAFP, and a greater oxygen consumption per unit of myocardial work (CO X PSP). Reduced in vitro work performance of hearts from endotoxemic rats was demonstrated early in the course of chronic endotoxemia and in the absence of in vivo evidence of cardiac dysfunction. Myocardial dysfunction, masked in vivo by compensatory mechanisms used to maintain adequate cardiovascular function, may be an important feature in the pathogenesis of both experimental endotoxemia and clinical gram-negative sepsis. PMID- 3902272 TI - Corticosteroid/antibiotic treatment of adrenalectomized dogs challenged with lethal E. coli. AB - Adrenalectomized animals are extremely sensitive to endotoxin and die quickly when given small doses. A six hour administration of the corticosteroid, methylprednisolone sodium succinate (MPSS), combined with the antibiotic, gentamicin sulfate (GS), promotes complete recovery of dogs with intact adrenals administered LD100 E. coli. The aim of the present study was to determine if this early administered treatment would protect adrenalectomized dogs from overwhelming lethal doses of E. coli. Dogs were infused with MPSS from fifteen minutes to six hours after the onset of E. coli administration and with GS after administration of all E. coli. Animals given only E. coli died in 2.6 (+/- 0.3) hours, while those given no E. coli, or E. coli plus steroid/antibiotic, survived longer than 100 hours. Arterial pressure, pH, pO2, hematocrit, lactate, and glucose concentrations were maintained near control values in animals receiving steroid/antibiotic infusions. Adrenalectomized dogs infused with corticosteroid/antibiotic recovered completely from shock even though the treatment period was limited to the first 6 hours after lethal E. coli infusion. Findings indicate that animals treated with MPSS/GS after E. coli ultimately succumbed to adrenal insufficiency rather than from the E. coli insult and thus recovery from shock itself was complete. PMID- 3902273 TI - Verapamil improves cardiac function and increases survival in canine E. coli endotoxin shock. AB - The effects of verapamil, a calcium antagonist, on survival and on hemodynamic and metabolic parameters were studied in canines administered E. coli endotoxin. Shams, endotoxin controls, and endotoxin-shocked dogs treated with a 4-hour infusion of verapamil were studied. The animals were anesthetized, catheters and endotracheal tube were inserted, and an IV infusion was started after administration of endotoxin. All dogs were kept on a respirator for 4 hours while measurements were taken; they were then extubated and returned to their cages. Survival was considered permanent by 7 days. Eight of 13 treated dogs survived, in contrast with only one of 14 controls. Treated dogs had significantly higher cardiac index (4.64 vs 3.62 L/min/m2), pulmonary artery pressure (16 vs 13 mmHg), and left ventricular stroke work (44.3 vs 29.7 gm/m2 beat), and significantly lower heart rate and systemic vascular resistance at 4 hours. Serum glucose, acid phosphatase, pH, and Hct were also significantly improved by verapamil treatment. PMID- 3902274 TI - Plasma catecholamines during endotoxin infusion in conscious unrestrained rats: effects of adrenal demedullation and/or guanethidine treatment. AB - We have examined the effect of E coli endotoxin infusion (41 micrograms kg-1 min 1 iv for 4 h) on plasma concentrations of epinephrine (E), norepinephrine (NE), and dopamine (DA) in the conscious unrestrained rat. Saline infusion did not change catecholamine concentrations from the preinfusion values of 230.8 +/- 32.9 pg ml-1 (E), 456.8 +/- 104.9 pg ml-1 (NE), and 49.0 +/- 19.9 pg ml-1 (DA). Endotoxin produced marked elevations in all three catecholamines. At 1 h, the plasma concentrations were 3,279 +/- 494.6 pg ml-1 (E), 1,670 +/- 137.0 pg ml-1 (NE), and 191.5 +/- 13.7 pg ml-1 (DA). Thereafter, concentrations of E decreased whereas concentrations of NE and DA increased. These increases were prevented by a combination of adrenal demedullation (28 days previously) and treatment with guanethidine (25 mg kg-1 iv, -24 h) ("sympathectomy"). Guanethidine alone markedly reduced the peak NE concentrations without affecting the E concentrations or the 1-h NE concentrations. Demedullation alone prevented the increase in E and reduced the 1-h NE concentrations. Survival in such "sympathectomized" animals was markedly reduced (survival at 4 h in rats receiving endotoxin alone, 100%: in "sympathectomized" animals receiving endotoxin, 12.5%). The tachycardia produced by endotoxin was attenuated in "sympathectomized" rats and mean arterial blood pressure fell rapidly. Endotoxin induced hyperglycemia was prevented by "sympathectomy" and hypoglycemia was evident as early as 1 h after commencing the infusion. Endotoxin produced hypoinsulinemia in normal rats but did not change plasma insulin values in "sympathectomized" animals, although these animals showed a pre-endotoxin fasting hyperinsulinemia. An important protective role for catecholamines is suggested, especially in the early stages of shock. PMID- 3902275 TI - A model of ovine endotoxemia characterized by an increased cardiac output. AB - High cardiac output sepsis is a major clinical problem. We have designed a sheep endotoxin model to simulate this condition and have evaluated how closely it approximates the clinical situation. The animals were prepared for chronic study by the implantation of cardiopulmonary catheters. One week later, endotoxin (0.75 microgram/kg/30 min) was administered following baseline measurements, and the animals were studied for an additional 15 hr. From 6-15 hr after the administration of endotoxin, there was a statistically significant twofold increase in cardiac output. Simultaneously, the total peripheral vascular resistance and mean arterial pressure was reduced. Eicosanoid measurements made at this time indicated that the vasodilator prostanoid, prostacyclin, was not elevated. A high cardiac output (hyperdynamic) model of sepsis has thus been established by the 30 min infusion of a small quantity of endotoxin. Prostacyclin is not a mediator of this response. PMID- 3902276 TI - Evidence that prostaglandins within preoptic area (POA) may mediate the antidipsogenic effect of Escherichia coli endotoxin in the rat. AB - Intravenous injection of Escherichia coli endotoxin (LPS; 640 micrograms/kg) produced an antidipsogenic effect in 48-h water-deprived rats, which was antagonized by acetylsalicylic acid (ASA; 0.45, 0.9 microM) injected directly into cerebral preoptic area (POA). ASA (0.9 microM) when injected into POA did not elicit, by itself, any effect on drinking. Endotoxin (0.5, 1, and 2 micrograms), when injected directly into POA, produced a dose-dependent inhibition of drinking stimulated by water deprivation. This effect was antagonized by ASA (0.45 microM) injected into POA 15 min before LPS. Injection of LPS (2 micrograms) into brain areas not involved in drinking regulation (superior colliculus or nucleus caudatus) was without effect on 48-h water deprivation-induced thirst. PGI2 (5, 50, and 500 ng) injected ino POA showed a dose-dependent antidipsogenic effect on drinking stimulated by water deprivation. The data suggest that prostaglandins, within the preoptic area, might be involved in the antidipsogenic effect of E coli LPS, given either intravenously or directly into POA. PMID- 3902277 TI - The microcirculation of the renal medulla. PMID- 3902278 TI - Local diversity of myosin expression in mammalian atrial muscles. Variations depending on age and thyroid state in the rat and the rabbit. AB - Rat, rabbit, pig, and bovine atrial myocardia were investigated with anti-alpha and anti-beta myosin heavy chain monoclonal antibodies. Analysis of atrial fibers by indirect immunofluorescence and assay of myosin heavy chains in tissue micro samples by immunoaffinity chromatography revealed both heterogeneity and plasticity in the atrial myosin heavy chains, undetected by electrophoresis of native atrial myosins under nondenaturing conditions. We found both alpha- and beta-like myosin heavy chains to be expressed in rat and rabbit, as they are in pig and bovine, atrial myocardia. They were regionally distributed within atrial muscles. The beta-like myosin heavy chains were present at much lower levels in rat and rabbit atria than in pig and bovine atria. Young rat atrial myosin was composed of only alpha-like heavy chains. In the rat and the rabbit, hyperthyroidism induced a beta- to alpha-like myosin heavy chain transition, which was considerable in the right atria and complete in the left atria. In the rat, thyroidectomy induced a moderate alpha- to beta-like myosin heavy chain transition, visible in the left atria. The significance of this atrial myosin heavy chain polymorphism is discussed in relation to the existence of anatomical localizations of the two myosin variants. PMID- 3902279 TI - [The combined use of artemether, sulfadoxine, pyrimethamine and primaquine in the treatment of chloroquine-resistant falciparum malaria]. PMID- 3902280 TI - [Some factors influencing the determination in vitro of chloroquine sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum]. PMID- 3902281 TI - Cardiovascular metabolic imaging: physiologic and biochemical dynamics in vivo. Bethesda, Maryland, September 16 to 18, 1984. PMID- 3902282 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance: potential clinical relevance to the cardiovascular system. PMID- 3902283 TI - Positron-emission tomography: assessment of myocardial blood flow and metabolism. PMID- 3902284 TI - A clinically applicable method for the estimation of substrate transport in the coronary circulation in vivo. PMID- 3902285 TI - Human serum vitamin B12 assay methods--a review. AB - The clinical importance of a reliable human serum vitamin B12 assay to aid the diagnosis of pernicious anemia (PA) cannot be overemphasized. Our review of the literature indicates that a reference method for the quantitation of serum vitamin B12 (serum B12) with the required accuracy, precision and rapidity has not been reported to-date. Controversies, debates and criticisms over human serum B12 assays (especially commercial kits) have been common-place. Various methods of quantitation of B12 reviewed in this communication include: microbiological, radioisotopic, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and the most recent radioimmunoassay (RIA) techniques. This review attempts to provide awareness of the limitations of these methods and establishes the base for eventual development of a B12 reference method in our laboratory. PMID- 3902286 TI - Improvements to the SYVA fluorescence energy transfer immunoassay for digoxin. AB - During an extensive evaluation of the SYVA Advance Digoxin assay in this laboratory, it was found that there was a positive bias with respect to the in house RIA method currently being used, which is accentuated with serum containing hemoglobin at concentrations above 1.0 g/L and heparinised or EDTA plasma. This occurred even though the SYVA method uses a pre-treatment (oxidizing) reagent for the purpose of minimising this interference. The positive bias was such that the method was considered unsuitable for routine use. A modification to the pre treatment reagent, consisting of a threefold increase in concentration and the addition of 1 mol/L urea, is proposed which enables either plasma or serum to be used, reduces the bias and eliminates the interference caused by hemolysis. An evaluation was performed using patients' specimens obtained from routine submissions to this laboratory for digoxin analysis and, therefore, reflects the performance of the improved assay in routine use. PMID- 3902287 TI - Value of measuring C-terminal parathyrin in differential diagnosis of hypercalcemia. AB - We measured calcium, phosphate, chloride, albumin, C-terminal parathyrin, and beta 2-microglobulin in serum from 102 hypercalcemic patients: 42 with primary hyperparathyroidism and 60 with neoplasia. The calcium concentrations and the discriminant function index of Johnson et al. (Clin Chem 28, 333-338, 1982) were higher in malignant hypercalcemia than in primary hyperparathyroidism. The diagnostic efficiency of the index and of parathyrin concentration was 82% and 78%, respectively. Using the ratio of parathyrin to beta 2-microglobulin increased the diagnostic efficiency to 98%; the ratio of the discriminant index to parathyrin concentration had a diagnostic efficiency of 100%. We conclude that C-terminal assay by itself is no better than the discriminant function index. PMID- 3902288 TI - Fluorescence energy transfer immunoassay of digoxin in serum. AB - We have evaluated the reliability of the new fluorescence energy transfer immunoassay (FETI) for determining concentrations of digoxin in serum. The method demonstrated good stability of the standard curve and satisfactory precision in both within-and between-run assay. We have also found a significant correlation between FETI and two RIA methods (r=0.97). Furthermore, the association between results by FETI and by the EMIT method (a conventional enzyme immunoassay) was a linear one. Finally, the assay encountered no significant interference from endogenous substances (hemoglobin, bilirubin , and triglycerides). PMID- 3902289 TI - Rapid measurement of free anticonvulsant drugs by direct liquid chromatography of serum ultrafiltrates. AB - In this simultaneous assay of unbound phenobarbital, phenytoin, primidone, and carbamazepine, serum ultrafiltrate is prepared by centrifugation in disposable filter units (Centrifree Micropartition System, Amicon Corp.) and injected directly onto a reversed-phase liquid-chromatography column. Drugs in the effluent are detected by absorbance at 210 nm. The measured concentrations were not critically dependent on the exact conditions of ultrafiltration (rotor angle, speed or time of centrifugation, amount of sample filtered). Pooled serum containing all four drugs gave reproducible results in repeated analyses during several days. For comparison we assayed 113 clinical specimens for one or more of these drugs by this method, and for the total (bound plus unbound) concentration of each drug by immunoassay. For each drug there was a nearly linear relationship between the two types of measurements, except for six specimens that had unusually high fractions of unbound drug. This assay appears highly suitable for routine determination of the free, biologically active fraction of anticonvulsant drugs, possibly as an alternative to measurements of total drug concentrations. PMID- 3902290 TI - Discordant rheumatoid factor values for reference controls. PMID- 3902291 TI - Improved EMIT analysis for lidocaine. PMID- 3902292 TI - Diflunisal significantly interferes with salicylate measurements by FPIA-TDx and UV-VIS aca methods. PMID- 3902293 TI - Free drug measurements: methodology and clinical significance. PMID- 3902295 TI - Thomas Lewis: physiologist, cardiologist, and clinical scientist. PMID- 3902294 TI - Failure of ultracentrifugation as a means of separating plasma free insulin from immunoglobulin fraction prior to radioimmunoassay. AB - It has been reported that ultracentrifugation of plasma will allow direct measurement of free insulin in the serum of diabetic subjects with insulin antibodies. To validate this method, we determined recovery of immunoreactive insulin and immunoglobulin G from the plasma of normal individuals after ultracentrifugation. The upper and middle fractions of plasma after ultracentrifugation were evaluated at several combinations of time and temperature (4 degrees C, 25 degrees C, or 37 degrees C for 3, 4 or 5 hours). None of these conditions effectively removed all immunoglobulin G without causing concomitant loss of insulin. We conclude that ultracentrifugation of plasma prior to radioimmunoassay cannot be used to reliably determine free insulin concentration in the plasma from subjects with circulating insulin antibodies. PMID- 3902296 TI - Antinuclear antibodies in progressive systemic sclerosis. AB - Sera from 84 patients with progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS) were tested for the presence of antinuclear antibodies by immunofluorescence on HEp2 cells and gel immunodiffusion. Fluorescent antinuclear antibodies were detected in 80 subjects with PSS (95%). Ninety-three percent of patients with CREST syndrome and 3% of those with diffuse scleroderma had a centromere staining. Precipitating antibodies were found in 57% of PSS sera and identified as anti-Scl 70 in 42 cases (50%). This specificity was found in 42 of 70 subjects with diffuse scleroderma (60%); another patient was positive for anti-nRNP antibodies, and 5 more sera from PSS patients showed precipitin lines of unknown specificity. No serum from 14 patients with CREST syndrome was positive for anti-Scl 70 antibodies. Significant relationships have been found between centromere staining and CREST syndrome (p less than 0.0005) and between the presence of anti-Scl 70 antibodies and the diffuse form of scleroderma (p less than 0.0005). The latter specificity is strongly associated with grainy speckled pattern on HEp2 fluorescence (p less than 0.0005). These data suggest that anti-Scl 70 antibodies and anti-centromere antibodies are useful markers for different subgroups of patients with PSS. PMID- 3902297 TI - Collagen-induced arthritis--use of the direct and indirect haemolytic plaque assay to study the humoral response to collagen. AB - Using both the direct and indirect haemolytic plaque assay, lymphocytes secreting antibodies to native type II collagen could be detected in the lymph nodes, spleen and blood of collagen-immunised rats. Sprague-Dawley, but not Alderley Park, strain rats showed clear differences in the number of plaque-forming cells in the lymph nodes between arthritic and non-arthritic rats. Differences also occurred between these strains in their response to the production of indirect plaques. The presence of native or denatured type II collage, but not type I collagen, was necessary to increase or maintain, in vitro, the lymphocytes producing anti-collagen antibody and the increase could be inhibited by serum from immunised rats or by colchicine. PMID- 3902298 TI - Coexistent gout and septic arthritis: a report of two cases and literature review. AB - Two cases of coexistent gout and septic arthritis are presented. The known increased incidence of joint injections in patients with rheumatoid arthritis is contrasted with the relative rarity of this complication in persons with gouty arthritis. The reason for this dichotomy is not clear but it is suggested that an important factor may be the more episodic nature of the gouty process. For patients presenting with acute arthritis the possible concurrence of sepsis and gout should be considered. PMID- 3902299 TI - Pulmonary disease in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Pulmonary problems are common in systemic lupus erythematosus, and may be the presenting feature of this multi-system disease. The clinical spectrum ranges from mild, self-limited, pleuritic chest pain to fulminant and rapidly fatal, diffuse, pulmonary hemorrhage. Accordingly, treatment must be individually tailored to the clinical features of each patient. Non-steroidal-anti inflammatory drugs may be adequate therapy for pleuritic pain. High dose corticosteroids may be indicated in more severe cases of pleurisy with effusion, lupus pneumonitis, and diffuse interstitial lung disease. Immunosuppressive drugs such as azathioprine and cyclophosphamide should be considered in cases of lupus pneumonitis or interstitial lung disease unresponsive to steroids. Combined therapy with corticosteroids, immunosuppressives and plasmapheresis should be considered for fulminant cases of diffuse pulmonary hemorrhage attributed to lupus. There is no definitive therapy for pulmonary hypertension at this time. Decisions regarding treatment in each instance must be made with the recognition that there is little strong clinical evidence to support the use of any of these therapies. Finally, no pulmonary process should be attributed to lupus until infection has been rigorously excluded in these patients. PMID- 3902301 TI - Platelet fibronectin release induced by Walker 256 rat carcinoma tumor cells. AB - This study examined gel filtered rat platelet activation by Walker 256 rat carcinoma cells and characterized fibronectin release. Using aggregometry measurements, a biphasic platelet response was characterized and the timing of alpha granule release was determined. The localization and association of released platelet fibronectin with tumor cell-platelet aggregates was determined by immunofluorescent and immunocytochemical methods. The immunofluorescent studies showed that the platelet fibronectin was released and became associated with the peripheries of the tumor cells following alpha granule discharge. The ultrastructural immunocytochemical data revealed that this fibronectin was associated with a fibrin-like material, enmeshing the tumor cell-platelet aggregates. The significance of the release and localization of platelet fibronectin to tumor cell metastasis is discussed. PMID- 3902303 TI - Glucose monitoring and insulin administration in the pregnant diabetic patient. AB - Over the past decade, it has been apparent that the degree of glycemic control achieved in the pregnant patient with diabetes mellitus significantly affects perinatal outcome. While several studies have documented excellent perinatal outcome with good glucose control, the incidence of neonatal morbidity still remains substantially greater than that observed in the general population. Physiologic or "tight" control appears to further reduce the incidence of macrosomia, hypoglycemia, and other indices of neonatal morbidity. The application of home glucose-monitoring techniques to pregnancies complicated by diabetes can result in optimal glucose control. While one small comparative series did not document improvement in perinatal morbidity, fewer admissions for diabetic control and decreased patient expense were observed in the group using home monitoring. After pregnancy, most patients continued to use home monitoring. This probably reflects the degree of patient enthusiasm and interest generated by self-care. Programs using home blood glucose monitoring and individualized insulin regimens in the management of diabetes may have their greatest impact if implemented prior to conception. The degree of glucose control during early embryogenesis appears to determine the incidence of congenital malformations in the offspring of insulin-dependent diabetic women. Continued careful assessment of the degree of glycemic control may enable the patient and her physician to plan the optimal time for attempting a pregnancy. PMID- 3902302 TI - Placental, fetal, and neonatal carbohydrate metabolism. AB - In summary, glucose metabolism in the placenta and fetus is characterized by a fairly exact balance between exogenous glucose supply from the mother and placental and fetal glucose utilization (directly and as lactate produced from glucose). The rate of glucose utilization and its rate of oxidation are largely determined by the maternal glucose concentration and are mediated in part by insulin. Thus, glucose and insulin act together to substitute glucose oxidation for the oxidation of other energy substrates and to direct glucose carbon into glycogen, fat, and protein accretion. After birth, endogenous glucose production and dietary glucose intake (as glucose or as galactose) must account for the maintenance of glucose supply. In many cases, however, the balance among glucose intake, glucose production, and glucose utilization is inexact in the transition from intrauterine to extrauterine life, leading to both hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia. Basic measurements of the glucose production rate and the glucose utilization rate can be made now in the fetus as well as in the neonate, but the factors producing perturbations in glucose supply and utilization and in regulating the responses to these perturbations remain to be measured. PMID- 3902304 TI - Detection and treatment of gestational diabetes. PMID- 3902305 TI - Diabetic nephropathy in pregnancy. PMID- 3902306 TI - Obesity and its effect on reproductive function. PMID- 3902307 TI - Rabies encephalitis: immunohistochemical investigations. AB - Three cases of human rabies encephalitis were studied immunohistochemically using a specific antiserum to rabies ribonucleoprotein (RNP) and the peroxidase antiperoxidase method. In this way, RNP could be specifically demonstrated in all cerebral regions and the spinal cord with a predilection for virus attack on the diencephalon and the brain stem according to the clinical course of the disease, and possibly reflecting the phenomenon of pathoclisis. Virus antigen was mainly present in the nerve cell bodies and processes, and in glial cells, especially in the interfascicular oligodendroglia, which seems to be a route of rabies virus infection in the later course of this fatal disease. Immunohistochemically, virus antigen was not limited to the Negri bodies: it was also traceable in the cytoplasm. Altogether, many more virus infected cells were established by immunostaining than were to be expected by the presence of Negri bodies in hematoxylin-eosin stained sections. PMID- 3902300 TI - Implications of tumor progression on clinical oncology. PMID- 3902308 TI - Use of a child behavior checklist in the psychosocial assessment of children with epilepsy. AB - Children with epilepsy are faced with many of the same psychosocial stressors as other chronically ill children, and a proper assessment is vital. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the Child Behavior Checklist of Achenbach and Edelbrock could be used as a practical and objective tool for evaluating the psychosocial needs of children with epilepsy. Thirty-eight children were randomly selected from the Neurology outpatient clinic at the Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario. Questionnaires were completed by the mothers during their waiting period. Results demonstrated the highest risk of maladjustment was within social functioning. As children reach adolescence, adjustment problems are mostly related to school. Although as a group, our sample did not differ from norms for behavior problems, there was evidence to suggest behavioral maladjustment for individual children. The checklist appears to be a good screening tool for maladjustment that could be included as part of the pediatrician's comprehensive assessment of children with epilepsy. PMID- 3902309 TI - Actinomycosis meningitis in a girl with incontinentia pigmenti. AB - A 7-year-old girl with incontinentia pigmenti and a history of multiple bacterial infections developed chronic meningitis with Actinomycosis odontolyticus, which was successfully treated with long-term penicillin administration. Although all tests of immunologic function were normal in this patient, her history of recurrent and unusual infections is consistent with previous suggestions of an undefined immunodeficiency state associated with incontinentia pigmenti. PMID- 3902311 TI - Systemic lupus erythematosus in pregnancy. AB - Women with SLE are at risk for developing a greater number of complications during pregnancy and have a lesser chance for a successful outcome for the conceptus than do normal healthy gravidas. These complications probably result, at least in part, from the action of estrogens to stimulate the underlying immunologic disorder of SLE. In addition, women with hypertension, renal functional abnormalities, or other complications resulting from SLE are likely to share the same risk factors as women with these afflictions due to non-SLE disorders. Recent studies, however, show that the incidence of clinical flares during pregnancy and diminished fetal survival are not as exaggerated as were described in earlier reports and small case series, probably owing to more adequate suppression of SLE activity with glucocorticoids and immunosuppressive drugs, and to improvements in fetal monitoring and maternal care. Women in complete clinical remission, regardless of previous manifestations of SLE, appeared to have the best outlook for uncomplicated pregnancies and the highest incidence of fetal survival. In our judgment, gravidas with established SLE should be managed in a perinatal program with an expertise available for careful systematic fetal monitoring; ready access to consultants in nephrology, rheumatology, and other relevant disciplines; and inpatient facilities for complicated gestations. In addition, all women with SLE should be screened for anti-Ro (SS-A) antibodies in order to identify fetuses at risk for cardiac conduction defects. Women with a history of recurrent in utero fetal deaths or spontaneous abortions should be screened for LE-anticoagulant, even in the absence of clinical signs of SLE. PMID- 3902310 TI - Kidney disease and pregnancy: obstetric outcome and long-term renal prognosis. AB - In patients with chronic renal disease, all advice and decisions must take into account the balance between pregnancy outcome and the long-term impact that pregnancy might have on the disease. To help the clinician address these concerns, the authors focus on the renal changes in normal pregnancy, the problems of chronic renal disease in pregnancy, and the effect pregnancy has on long-term renal prognosis. PMID- 3902312 TI - Asthma in pregnancy. AB - Asthma commonly complicates gestation and is present in approximately 1 per cent of pregnant women. More frequent is the concern on the part of asthmatic women as to the effect of a future pregnancy on respiratory symptoms. This article discusses the physiologic respiratory alterations in pregnancy, the pathophysiology of asthma, the course of asthma during pregnancy, maternal-fetal outcome when maternal asthma exists, and suggested methods of management. PMID- 3902313 TI - Clinical management of sickle cell hemoglobinopathies during pregnancy. AB - Although the maternal and perinatal morbidity as well as mortality in pregnant patients with sickle cell disease is significantly higher than those parturients with hemoglobin A, marked amelioration has been obtained by comprehensive health care utilizing expert perinatal teams and by providing careful attention to preventive measures for infection and crisis. Through these consistent efforts, the life span for the mother/fetus/newborn has improved considerably over that observed in the past. Although there is no present cure for sickle cell disease and no effective and safe physiologic treatment in a preventive sense, our experience suggests that adherence to careful management principles, offered in this article, will increase the likelihood that significant vaso-occlusive crisis and infection can be reduced, thus resulting in a healthier pregnancy outcome. In addition, the future is bright for the development of pharmacologic agents to prevent sickle cell crisis and for advances in techniques designed to induce endogenous production of normal hemoglobin. PMID- 3902314 TI - Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in pregnancy. AB - Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) frequently occurs in young women, and is therefore encountered in pregnancy. Any woman with a history of ITP, regardless of her clinical status, has some risk of delivering a thrombocytopenic infant, since the antiplatelet antibodies cross the placenta. Methods for predicting which infants are at high risk, for choosing which pregnancies should be delivered by cesarian section, and for managing the mother and infant at term are reviewed. PMID- 3902315 TI - Cancer and pregnancy. AB - The most common malignancies occurring in women of child-bearing ages include breast, cervical, genital, and GI malignancies, and melanoma, lymphoma, and leukemia. Pregnancy does not appear to adversely affect the outcome of most tumors but may affect those that are known to be hormonally dependent. The approach in general to malignancy during pregnancy needs to be individualized. Therapy, whether by radiation or with cytotoxic drugs, has the greatest potential for fetal risk during the first trimester but more acceptable risk in the second and third trimesters. There are many unanswered questions concerning long-term effects of malignancy and its therapy upon the surviving child. PMID- 3902316 TI - Thyroid disease in pregnancy. AB - The recognition of thyroid dysfunction in pregnancy is important, since, untreated, it may cause maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. In this article, the author reviews the relationship of maternal and fetal-placental thyroid function, the interpretation of thyroid tests during gestation, and the management of common thyroid problems that may complicate pregnancy. PMID- 3902317 TI - Neurologic disorders during pregnancy and the puerperium. AB - This article focuses on epilepsies, autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis and myasthenia, serious problems associated with stroke and pseudotumor cerebri, and some common problems such as headaches and the carpal tunnel syndrome, examining the effects of pregnancy and the puerperium on these disorders and the influence of these disorders on pregnancy. PMID- 3902318 TI - Excretion patterns of cannabinoid metabolites after last use in a group of chronic users. AB - The urinary excretion patterns of 86 chronic cannabis users were examined after their last cannabis use by two common screening methods, the semiquantitative EMIT-d.a.u. and the qualitative EMIT-st (Syva Company). We demonstrated that under very strictly supervised abstinence, chronic users can have positive results for cannabinoids in urine at 20 ng/ml or above on the EMIT-d.a.u. assay for as many as 46 consecutive days from admission, and can take as many as 77 days to drop below the cutoff calibrator for 10 consecutive days. For all subjects, the mean excretion time was 27 days. Subject excretion patterns were clearly biphasic, with initial higher rates of excretion not sustained. During the subsequent period of leveling off, most subjects had one or more separate sequences of cannabinoid-negative urine test results, lasting a mean of 3 days each and followed by at least one positive result. Demographic, body type, and drug history variables proved to be only moderate predictors of excretion patterns. Findings were discussed in the context of potential clinical and forensic application. PMID- 3902319 TI - Effect of colchicine on atherosclerosis. I. Clinical and biological studies. AB - The effect of colchicine was studied in 51 hypertensive subjects with several other vascular risk factors. Colchicine was administered for 3-4 months in a daily dose of 1 mg per os. The treatment did not change the lipid content in the blood and in skin biopsies, and had no effect on systolic and diastolic blood pressure. On the contrary, colchicine treatment significantly improved the conjunctival biomicroscopy score, the duration of the dicrotic wave and the peripheral resistance index. The results show the improvement of the microcirculatory parameters (elasticity of arteries) without changes of serum and tissue lipid parameters in the patients treated with colchicine. PMID- 3902320 TI - Effect of colchicine on atherosclerosis. II. Biochemical studies on skin biopsies from patients treated perorally with colchicine. AB - The biosynthesis of proteins and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) was determined in skin biopsies from atherosclerotic patients treated perorally for 3 months with 1 mg/day colchicine. The biopsies were incubated with 3H-glucosamine and 14C proline for 5 h and subsequently digested with pronase. In an aliquot of the pronase digest, the specific radioactivity of 14C-proline and 14C-hydroxyproline were determined. The 3H-glucosamine-labeled GAGs were identified by specific enzymic assay and quantified after electrophoretic separation. 3 months treatment with colchicine did not modify the total amounts of proline and hydroxyproline in skin proteins, but diminished the amount of the GAGs as expressed by uronic acid content. Colchicine treatment decreased also the specific radioactivity of proline and hydroxyproline, which reflects a decrease of total protein and collagen synthesis. The incorporation of 3H-glucosamine in the 3H-GAGs was also decreased, mainly in hyaluronic acid. These results suggest that peroral administration of colchicine modifies the synthesis of extracellular matrix proteins and polysaccharides by skin fibroblasts. PMID- 3902321 TI - Effect of colchicine on atherosclerosis. III. Study of dermal elastic fibers by quantitative histochemistry, automated image analysis. AB - Computerized automatic-image analytical procedure was applied on dermal biopsies stained for elastin by a new procedure giving a completely white background and staining only the elastic fiber system. In arteriosclerotic hypertensive patients, a 3-4 months' treatment with 1 mg colchicine per day resulted in a significant (60-80%, p less than 0.01) increase of the dermal elastic fiber density both in the superficial papillary dermis and in the deep dermis. This result shows that the age-dependent increase of elastic fibers can be influenced by pharmacological means. The inhibition by colchicine of the synthesis and secretion of the fibroblast-derived metalloelastase-type protease could be a plausible explanation of this finding. PMID- 3902322 TI - Nutritional and hormonal control of glucose and fructose utilization by lung. AB - Whereas glucose is a major substrate for pulmonary lipid synthesis, fructose has also been suggested as a potential substrate. In vivo pulmonary fatty acid synthesis is depressed in hormonally deprived conditions, such as diabetes, and this can be modified by fructose feeding, but not by glucose feeding. In this study the glucose and fructose utilizations were compared in normal, diabetic and fasting states using isolated perfused rat lungs. When (U-14C)- or (5-3H)-glucose was used as substrate, glucose utilization by lung was reduced by 50% in both the fasting and diabetic animals compared to the normal controls. Using (U-14C) glucose as substrate, the incorporation of (14C)-label in various metabolites of glucose was significantly depressed. For example, this reduction was 50% in lactate, pyruvate and CO2, 15% in ethanol-insoluble fraction, 65% in neutral lipids, 75% in phospholipids, 80% in fatty acid moiety, 40% in deacylated fraction and 10% in the polysaccharide fractions. Refeeding the fasted animals or insulin treatment to the diabetic animals restored these depressed (14C) recoveries to the normal levels. Fructose utilization was less than 10% of glucose utilization, but remained unaffected by fasting and diabetic states. In addition, pulmonary hexokinase enzyme activity was lowered significantly in fasting and diabetic animals, whereas fructokinase enzyme activity was not altered. Despite the low rate of fructose utilization, these results suggest that fructose may serve as an alternative substrate for pulmonary phospholipid synthesis when glucose utilization is significantly depressed. PMID- 3902323 TI - [Nuclear magnetic resonance tomography in breast cancer diagnosis--present status and future outlook]. AB - Due to its high soft tissue contrast MR appears particularly well suited for the examination of the breast. However, it was only after the development of breast coils and the concomitant improvement of the image quality that examinations regarding the potentials of MR in breast cancer diagnosis became interesting. Thus, MR of the breast is still in the initial stage. First results indicate that at present the expected tissue differentiation by MR parameters T1, T2 ...) is not possible MR proved nevertheless advantageous for selected cases. Further research is necessary. PMID- 3902324 TI - [Diagnostic imaging of the remission of a metastasized hormone-producing pancreatic carcinoma (PPom) as affected by polychemotherapy]. AB - The pros and cons of various imaging methods (sonography: plain CT, with contrast medium intravenously/serial CT; x-ray angiography or digital subtraction angiography) in recognising a slow but steady remission of a primary tumour and of liver metastases are discussed, basing on the course of disease in a female patient with a metastasised gastrointestinal malignoma under chemotherapy. Initial chemotherapeutic treatment lasted for two years. Renewed progression after another 2 1/2 years had meanwhile been stopped again by chemotherapy. Sonography and CT control follow-ups were performed on a three-month basis for a total period of more than five years. In sonography, remission was noticeable on the one hand by changes of echo-internal structure of the tumour and liver metastases, and on the other hand by size reduction. Sonography possesses the advantage over CT that sections can be performed multidirectionally and are reproducible, for example for the purpose of documenting the largest tumour diameter. A drawback is in our opinion the lack of information supplied by the method in respect of the vascular situation within the area of malignant space occupying growths. A valuable asset of computed tomography is the possibility of demonstrating hypervascularisation in a solid space-occupying growth by using an intravenously applied contrast medium which is easily passed through the kidneys, especially in "serial CT" procedures. This is similarly true for angiography, which, however, does not play any significant part in closely-meshed follow-up schedules because if its invasiveness. As a matter of fact, it can even simulate a florid tumour or metastasising process. PMID- 3902325 TI - [Chronic periduodenitis as a sonographic mass in the region of the pancreas head]. AB - A 47 year-old male presented with increased stool frequency, abdominal discomfort and weight loss. Two sonographers found independently a "mass" in the region of the head of the pancreas. 8 years before the patient had had a Billroth-II surgery. Laparatomy revealed a chronic periduodenitis as sonographic substratum. Therefore, basing on sporadic reports, an anamnestic finding of a Billroth-II surgery should be kept in mind in differential diagnosis of a tumor of the head of the pancreas when employing sonography as a diagnostic tool. PMID- 3902326 TI - [Modification of the image quality of i.v. DSA by the iodine concentration of the contrast medium]. AB - In randomised, double-blind clinical trials it could be demonstrated that in iv. DSA the image quality is reduced if the iodine concentration of the nonionic contrast medium iopromide is higher than 370 mgI/ml, the total amount of injected iodine being constant. This effect is due to the increased viscosity of contrast media containing a high iodine concentration per ml solution. The increased viscosity produces a longer transit time of the contrast material from the injection site to the target region. Due to this effect there is an increased dilution of contrast material with blood. PMID- 3902327 TI - [Importance of intravenous digital subtraction angiography in the diagnosis of aneurysms in the region of the abdominal aorta]. AB - The arterial vessels can be examined with satisfactory relevance via intravenous DSA using a relatively small amount of contrast medium. An aneurysm first diagnosed via sonography in the region of the abdominal aorta was confirmed in this manner in 19 patients. In 7 of these cases, it was also possible to diagnose a stenosis in the renal artery region. This method can supply exact information on the size, position and extension of the aneurysm--since the equipment has been technically improved--even in the case of kinking of the vessels. It can also supply information in the relationship of the aneurysm to visceral arteries, on the degree of calcification of the vessel walls, and on the additional occurrence of vascular stenoses. Hence, we are of the opinion that intravenous DSA is the method of choice after sonography has been performed and that it is superior to CT within the framework of preoperative examinations of aneurysms of the abdominal aorta. PMID- 3902328 TI - Venous system in essential hypertension. PMID- 3902329 TI - Pentamidine isethionate in the treatment of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. AB - The chemistry, antiprotozoal activity, pharmacology, clinical efficacy, adverse effects, dosage, administration, and hospital formulary considerations of pentamidine isethionate are reviewed. Pentamidine, an aromatic diamidine, has been used since the 1940s to treat a variety of protozoal infections. It is now most commonly administered in the treatment of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP). It is generally not metabolized, and it is stored or bound to tissue and excreted slowly as the parent compound. Pentamidine is clearly effective in the treatment of PCP; however, the high incidence of adverse reactions associated with the drug led to the use of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) as the first-line agent for PCP. Recent studies have reported a high incidence of adverse reactions, including leukopenia and hepatotoxicity, associated with the use of TMP-SMX therapy for PCP in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The severity and frequency of these reactions suggest a possible new role for pentamidine in patients with AIDS who have PCP. The recommended intramuscular and intravenous dosage of pentamidine isethionate for adults and children is 4 mg/kg/day for 14 days. Intramuscular administration is recommended; however, intravenous administration is a safe alternative if the dose is infused over a 60-minute period. Pentamidine isethionate has specific application in the treatment of PCP as a second-line agent reserved for patients who cannot tolerate TMP-SMX. PMID- 3902330 TI - Aztreonam, a new monobactam antimicrobial. AB - The chemistry, in vitro activity, pharmacokinetics, adverse reactions, and clinical use of the monobactam antimicrobial aztreonam are reviewed. Aztreonam, an investigational agent nearing approval in the United States and Canada, is the first in a class of monobactam antimicrobials to be evaluated extensively in vitro and in vivo. It has a narrow spectrum of activity, encompassing only aerobic gram-negative microorganisms including Pseudomonas aeruginosa and most multiply resistant Enterobacteriaceae. Aztreonam has no useful activity against gram-positive or anaerobic microorganisms. In preliminary studies, aztreonam achieved high tissue concentrations and was usually well tolerated. Approximately 65-75% of an administered dose is excreted unchanged into the urine, and the elimination half-life is 1.6-2.2 hours in subjects with normal renal function. Dosage should be adjusted in patients with renal impairment. Aztreonam was shown equivalent to gentamicin and cefamandole for treating serious urinary-tract infections and produced cure rates greater than 85% in gonococcal, lower respiratory tract, orthopedic, serious urinary tract, acute uncomplicated lower urinary-tract, gynecologic, and intraabdominal infections. Development of resistance during therapy may be less likely with aztreonam than with other new cephalosporins. Aztreonam will probably have an important role in antimicrobial therapy, but much further study is necessary to assess clinical efficacy and toxicity. The clinical importance of aztreonam's superior activity under anaerobic conditions compared with aminoglycosides and the theoretical reduced alteration in GI colonization resistance must be assessed in controlled trials. Evaluation of aztreonam versus ceftazidime, the carbapenems, and the carboxyquinolones is needed, and the likelihood of gram-positive superinfection, especially with enterococci, must be further assessed. PMID- 3902331 TI - Product selection criteria for intravascular ionic contrast media. AB - The chemistry, clinical use, pharmacokinetics, adverse reactions, dosages, and formulary recommendations for intravascular ionic contrast media routinely used in radiologic procedures are reviewed. The meglumine, sodium, or combined meglumine-sodium salts of triiodinated benzoic acid derivatives, diatrizoic and iothalamic acid, are commonly used as intravascular ionic contrast media for radiographic visualization of blood vessels and the urinary tract. Meglumine salts of iodoxamate and iodipamide are used for intravenous cholangiography. The iodine in the contrast medium is responsible for the absorption of x-rays and the resulting opacification of the organ system or other area under investigation. Adverse reactions to intravascular ionic contrast media broadly include hypersensitivity and chemotoxic reactions. The incidence of major life threatening hypersensitivity reactions, such as severe hypotension, cardiac arrhythmias or arrest, pulmonary or laryngeal edema, and convulsions, is estimated at 0.01-0.1% of the population receiving these agents. Dose- and concentration-dependent chemotoxic reactions result from the direct effects of the contrast medium on the blood vessels or organs being perfused. The meglumine salts of diatrizoic acid and iothalamic acid are less toxic in the cerebral circulation than sodium salts; hence, diatrizoate meglumine or iothalamate meglumine are recommended for cerebral angiography. In coronary angiographic examinations, combined meglumine and sodium (6.6 parts meglumine to 1 part sodium) formulations of diatrizoate are recommended because they consist predominantly of the meglumine salt with minimal but adequate amounts of sodium to prevent ventricular fibrillation. Predominantly meglumine salts of diatrizoic and iothalamic acid are also used for peripheral angiography, computerized tomography, and digital subtraction angiography. The dosages of ionic contrast media vary considerably depending on the nature of the radiological examination, the respective technique employed, and the age and condition of the patient. The cost differences between diatrizoate and iothalamate media are typically minimal. Formulary recommendations regarding the appropriate chemical nature of these media are based on the reported adverse reactions with these agents. PMID- 3902332 TI - Failure of creatinine clearance to predict gentamicin half-life in a renal transplant patient with diabetes mellitus. PMID- 3902333 TI - Does a computer-based ECG-recorder interpret electrocardiograms more efficiently than physicians? AB - The quality of ECG-interpretations by a computer-based ECG-recorder has been compared with those carried out visually by physicians in routine clinical practice. Independent reports have been analysed on 474 routine ECGs taken in the medical emergency and out-patient departments, as well as in general practice. Computer reports were available for all of the ECGs, but the physicians had not annotated their interpretations in 11% of them. Eighty-two per cent of the computer-interpretations were adjudged as being satisfactory. The corresponding figure for the physicians' interpretations was 64%. The computer-based ECG recorder was found to be better than the physician at interpreting ECGs. PMID- 3902334 TI - The blood supply to fingers during Raynaud's attack: a comparison of laser Doppler flowmetry with other techniques. AB - Responses to combined body and finger cooling were recorded by laser-Doppler flowmetry, Xenon-113 washout and strain-gauge plethysmography in 22 patients (seven patients with primary Raynaud's phenomenon (PR) and 15 with generalized scleroderma (GS] and nine healthy, warm-handed subjects. Finger systolic blood pressure decreased to zero in 100% of the patients, after body and finger cooling as measured with strain-gauge plethysmography. With the laser-Doppler flowmeter a low-positive blood-pressure was registered in two patients. The duration of a Raynaud's attack was found to vary from 0.5 to greater than 5 minutes as observed by the laser-Doppler flowmeter. Xenon-133 washout from the fingertips, during a zero blood-flow situation, insignificantly deviated from the washout during vascular occlusion. It is concluded that; (1) the elicitation and duration of Raynaud's phenomenon could be clearly observed by laser-Doppler flowmetry; (2) the zero blood-flow observed by laser-Doppler flowmetry could be confirmed by Xenon-133 washout and (3) in GS cases, the laser-Doppler flowmetry seemed more sensitive than the strain-gauge, at extremely low blood flow values. PMID- 3902335 TI - [Polyunsaturated phosphatidylcholine in association with vitamin B complex in the treatment of acute viral hepatitis B. Results of a randomized double-blind clinical study]. PMID- 3902336 TI - [The laser: development, technics and modern applications]. PMID- 3902338 TI - [Therapeutic prospectives in the field of hypertension]. PMID- 3902337 TI - [Clinical study on the efficacy and tolerance in childhood of a new microgranule preparation of theophylline]. PMID- 3902339 TI - [Comparison between computerized tomography and echotomography in the study of hepatic hydatidosis]. PMID- 3902340 TI - [Double-blind double-controlled polycenter study on the therapeutic activity of a well-known combination of medicinal herbs]. PMID- 3902341 TI - Hypertensive cardiovascular emergencies. PMID- 3902342 TI - A new look at the hypertension problem: the role of the renin system for analysis and treatment. PMID- 3902343 TI - Distribution of type I, III, IV and V collagen in normal and atherosclerotic human arterial wall: immunomorphological characteristics. AB - 35 autopsies--aged 30 to 75 years--were investigated in order to establish trends of collagen localization in various types of arteries depending on age, arterial size and degree of atherosclerosis. Cryostat sections stained with highly specific antibodies to human types I, III, IV or V collagen, or with the antiserum to smooth muscle myosin were examined by the indirect immunofluorescence technique. Localization of type III collagen was very similar to that of type I. Fibrous structures of both type I and type III were then major constituents of the intima, media and adventitia. Sparse fibrils of type I and type III collagens were revealed in the subendothelium of unaffected intima. They gradually became abundant in the deeper intimal layers contrasting with loose fibrillar formations of the media. The content of interstitial collagens was significantly increased in the subendothelium of local intimal thickenings and in a thickened intima of the aged. This fact, considering the thrombogenicity of interstitial collagens, may be relevant to the atherogenesis through the "response-to-injury" mechanism. Type IV and type V collagens are localized to the endothelial basement membrane and basement membranes of smooth muscle cells of the intima and media. Diffusely distributed type V collagen was also observed in the intercellular space of the intima. In lipid streaks, parallel layers of condensed interstitial collagens separated groups of cells and extracellular lipid depositions. In fibrous plaques, types I and III became prevalent structural elements and their densely packed fibers occupied whole regions devoid of any type IV and type V collagen. Heavily thickened type IV collagen structures surrounding individual smooth muscle cells were found in fibrous plaques, but never, in unaffected intima. PMID- 3902344 TI - Cicatricial pemphigoid, bullous pemphigoid, and epidermolysis bullosa acquisita antigens: differences in organ and species specificities and localization in chemically-separated human skin of three basement membrane antigens. AB - Bullous pemphigoid, cicatricial pemphigoid, and epidermolysis bullosa acquisita are three autoimmune diseases characterized by the presence of subepidermal blisters, in vivo-bound immunoreactants along the dermoepidermal junction, and variably detectable circulating anti-basement membrane autoantibodies. In order to better characterize the antigen(s) defined by cicatricial pemphigoid sera, indirect immunofluorescence was performed on a variety of human organs, skins of different animals, and on human skin chemically-split within the lamina lucida, comparing sera from cicatricial pemphigoid patients with sera from these two other blistering diseases. Sera from patients with each disease bound to the dermoepidermal junction of every laboratory animal species examined. In contrast, more mucosal tissues were bound by anti-basement membrane autoantibodies from patients with cicatricial pemphigoid and epidermolysis bullosa acquisita than from patients with bullous pemphigoid, consistent with the marked tendency for mucosal involvement in patients with the former two diseases. In addition, one of the cicatricial pemphigoid sera stained basal cell surfaces as well as dermoepidermal junction. Differences were also apparent in the staining of chemically-split human skin. The combined findings suggest that cicatricial pemphigoid and bullous pemphigoid antigens are distinct despite their common localization within the lamina lucida of the dermoepidermal junction. These data also suggest the presence of at least two different cicatricial pemphigoid antigens. PMID- 3902345 TI - Increasing the sensitivity of caries clinical trials by applying logistic modelling to specific teeth. AB - An alternative statistical approach is proposed for analysing data from longitudinal clinical trials. Caries increments on those teeth which are known to be particularly susceptible to caries for the population under study are represented by a linear logistic probability model. Expression of the caries increments in the form of a probability model should lead to a better understanding of the relative importance of the various factors which contribute to the caries increment in the population under study. When this model was applied to caries increments on the permanent second molars of children aged 11 13 yr at the baseline of two 3-yr trials, the sensitivity of statistical analysis was up to five times greater than that obtained with traditional statistical methods. PMID- 3902346 TI - The structure of invertebrate extracellular hemoglobins (erythrocruorins and chlorocruorins). AB - The knowledge accumulated over the last 30 years concerning the subunit structures of the invertebrate extracellular hemoglobins permits us to classify them into four distinct groups. Single-domain, single-subunit hemoglobins consisting of single, heme-binding polypeptide chains which have a molecular mass of ca. 16 KDa. These molecules are found in multicellular parasitic organisms such as the trematodes Dicrocoelium and Fasciolopsis and in a few insects, namely in the adult Anisops and in the larvae of Chironomus and of Buenoa. Two-domain, multi-subunit hemoglobins consisting of 30-37 KDa polypeptide chains each containing two, linearly connected heme-binding domains, which form polymeric aggregates with molecular masses ranging from 250 to 800 KDa. These hemoglobins are found extensively among the carapaced branchiopod crustaceans: Caenestheria, Daphnia and Lepidurus hemoglobins have been found to consist of 10, 16 and 24 two domain chains, respectively. Judging from their electron microscopic appearances, some of the hemoglobins may possess different molecular symmetries. Multi-domain, multi-subunit hemoglobins consisting of two or more polypeptide chains, each comprising many heme-binding domains of ca. 15-20 KDa each. Examples of this class are found among the carapaceless branchiopod crustaceans, the planorbid snails and the clams from the families Astartidae and Carditidae. Artemia hemoglobin consists of two chains of ca. 125 KDa, each containing 8 heme-binding domains. Planorbis and Helisoma hemoglobins possess a molecular mass of ca. 1700 KDa and consist of 10 chains of 170-200 KDa. Astarte and Cardita hemoglobins appear in electron micrographs as rod-like polymers of variable dimensions, 20-30 nm in diameter and 20-100 nm in length and consist of polypeptide chains of ca. 300 KDa. The crustacean and gastropod hemoglobins vary in their electron microscopic appearance and may possess different molecular symmetries. Single domain, multi-subunit hemoglobins consisting of aggregates of several small subunits, some of which are disulfide-bonded and not all of which contain heme. These molecules are widely distributed among the annelids and possibly also among the pogonophores. They are characterized by a two-tiered, hexagonal electron microscopic appearance, with a vertex-to-vertex diameter of 30 nm and a height of 20 nm, an acidic isoelectric point, a sedimentation coefficient of 50-60 S and a low iron content of 0.24 +/- 0.03%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3902347 TI - Deterioration of chum salmon muscle during spawning migration--VI. Changes in serum protease inhibitory activity during spawning migration of chum salmon (oncorhynchus keta). AB - A relation between muscle protease activity and serum protease inhibitory activity of chum salmon during spawning migration was studied with regard to their physiological states. The autolytic activity of chum salmon muscle significantly increased, while the trypsin inhibitory activity in serum significantly decreased during spawning migration. Serum trypsin inhibitor was inactivated following treatment with androgen. It was consequently proved that androgen was trigger to the inactivation of serum protease inhibitor, resulting in high levels of muscle protease activity during spawning migration. PMID- 3902348 TI - Subunit structure of human and rat glutathione S-transferases. AB - In rat tissues different forms of glutathione (GSH) S-transferases represent various dimeric combinations of at least four different classes of subunits categorized on the basis of their Mr values as seen on polyacrylamide gels. These subunit types represent heterogeneous populations and the actual number of subunits in rat GSH S-transferases may be far more than is known at present. Human GSH S-transferases arise from dimeric combinations of at least four immunologically and functionally distinct subunits which can be classified into three types, A (Mr 26,500), B (Mr 24,500) and C (Mr 22,500). There is evidence for considerable charge heterogeneity in each of these subunit types. PMID- 3902349 TI - Multiple alpha-keto aciduria in Microtus montanus chronically infected with Trypanosoma brucei gambiense. AB - Microtus montanus chronically infected with a monomorphic strain of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense excreted in urine greatly elevated quantities of not only the aromatic alpha-keto acids, phenylpyruvic and 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acids, but also two aliphatic alpha-keto acids, pyruvic and alpha-ketoglutaric acids. Elevated keto acid excretion began approximately midway through infection and quantities remained elevated until death. Daily keto acid excretion did not correlate with daily parasitemia. Thus, a large metabolic disturbance exists in laboratory animals infected with African trypanosomes. The multiple alpha-keto aciduria potentially contributes to the pathogenesis of chronic African trypanosomiasis. PMID- 3902350 TI - Effects of insulin on the metabolism of acetate, beta-hydroxybutyrate and triglycerides by the bovine mammary gland. AB - The effect of insulin on net metabolism of acetate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, glucose and triglycerides by the bovine mammary gland was determined using the glucose clamp technique. Elevation of insulin concentrations in plasma by 50 microU/ml was not associated with significant changes in venoarterial concentration differences and extraction ratios ((A-V)/A). Insulin does not appear to alter the metabolism of acetate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, glucose and triglycerides by direct effects on the mammary gland. PMID- 3902351 TI - Establishment of a reference library for evaluating computer ECG measurement programs. AB - As a result of an international cooperative project entitled "Common Standards for Quantitative Electrocardiography" (CSE), an ECG reference data base has been established with the aim of standardizing computer-derived ECG measurements. The objective of the project is to reduce the wide variation in wave measurements currently obtained by ECG analysis programs. A library of 250 ECGs with selective ECG abnormalities was established and a comprehensive reviewing scheme was devised for the visual determination of the onsets and offsets of P, QRS, and T. This task was performed by a board of cardiologists on highly amplified, selected complexes from the library. A subset was examined in order to study beat-to-beat and intraobserver variability. By using a modified Delphi approach, individual outlying point estimates were eliminated in four successive rounds. In this way final referee estimates were obtained which proved to be highly reproducible and precise. A reference library has thereby been developed which allows testing of the performance of ECG measurement programs and is a useful instrument in establishing recommendations for more precise measurement rules and definitions. PMID- 3902352 TI - Laboratory light-cured composite resins: a clinical study. Part I. PMID- 3902353 TI - Internal root resorption obturated by the gutta-percha-eucapercha endodontic method: report of a case. PMID- 3902354 TI - Possible adverse reactions to an enzyme-containing washing powder. AB - Following the launch of an enzyme (alcalase) containing washing powder, the manufacturers received numerous complaints from domestic users suggesting that it was responsible either for the precipitation of a rash or the exacerbation of a pre-existing rash. The 255 individuals living in London postal districts who complained to the manufacturers were contacted: 80 of them agreed to be investigated by patch and prick testing, and to a user test involving the double blind wearing of vests washed with the product. The results failed to substantiate that the enzyme containing washing powder was responsible for any dermatological problem. PMID- 3902355 TI - Fertility regulation--the present and the future. Status report by a marsian from the planet called Earth. PMID- 3902356 TI - Ultrasonographic diagnosis of aorto-iliac thrombosis. AB - A linear array 5 mHz ultrasonic scanner was used to diagnose aorto-iliac thrombosis in a 3 year old Standardbred gelding. There are no reports in the literature of utilization of ultrasonography for visualization of an aortic thrombus. The technique is fairly non-invasive, requiring only a rectal examination with a linear array probe. Arteriography is the only other method described for actual visualization of a thrombus. This procedure is technically difficult and highly invasive. PMID- 3902357 TI - Septic thrombosis of the inferior caval vein detected with the aid of computed tomography. AB - A case is described of a 55 years old woman with septic thrombosis of the inferior caval vein, detected in time with the aid of computed tomography and cavography. The patient subsequently underwent successful surgical treatment. PMID- 3902358 TI - The mechanism of N-terminal acetylation of proteins. AB - N alpha-acetylation is almost exclusively restricted to eukaryotic structural proteins. As a rule it is a post-initiational process, requiring the presence of the enzyme N alpha-acetyltransferase and the acetyl donor acetylcoenzyme A. N alpha-acetyltransferases appear to have a narrow substrate specificity, which is very similar for enzymes from different tissues and species. Amino acids predominantly present at the N terminus of N alpha-acetylated proteins are alanine, serine, and methionine. The occurrence of these residues is apparently a prerequisite for acetylation. The region following these amino acids is also important. If methionine is at the N terminus, the second position is always occupied by a strongly hydrophilic amino acid. Two- and three-dimensional structural characteristics of the protein do not seem to play a major role in N alpha-acetylation. Up to now the exact function for N alpha-acetylation is not known. PMID- 3902359 TI - Modeling, control, and simulation of human movement. AB - This article is a discussion and survey of current research activities in modeling, control, and simulation of human movement; the rationale for this methodology, its philosophical implications; current modular implementation; practical and theoretical contributions to other fields such as robotics, prosthetics, medicine, and anatomy; its inherent limitations; relation to other disciplines dealing with human movement; future directions; and the emerging principles that govern human movement. PMID- 3902360 TI - Closed-loop control of movement of skeletal muscle. AB - Closed-loop (feedback) control of skeletal muscle is critically reviewed. The introductory section examines the advantages and disadvantages of open-loop as compared to closed-loop control in general, defines the problem, and outlines our approach. In the biological systems section, muscle structure and function are defined at the level of the motor nerve, neuromuscular junction, and sarcomere. Time delays, power and efficiency, fatigue, and other effects are also discussed in relation to the development of closed-loop control. This section then proceeds to review biological sensors and finally integrates this information by reviewing the body's own closed-loop control system. The third section critically reviews various approaches to the mathematical modeling of muscle. The control problem (in general) is reviewed with particular emphasis on contemporary control systems engineering. Essential to closed-loop control of paralyzed skeletal muscle is sensor technology. Therefore, the fourth section reviews external mechanical sensors. Specifically, potentiometers and Hall effect sensors, capacitive force transducers, inductive displacement transducers (LVDTs), and various position resolvers are discussed. Finally, the fifth section reviews the application of closed-loop control of skeletal muscle to the human being. The focus of this section is the paralyzed individual: past progress and future directions. An extensive bibliography of cited references is then provided so that the interested reader may pursue his/her particular area of interest in more detail. The authors acknowledge that such an extensive review of so many relevant areas is necessarily not complete and often overly simplistic, but our goal is a "first approach" to a comprehensive understanding of the closed-loop (feedback) control problem for achieving movement in paralyzed skeletal muscle. PMID- 3902361 TI - Defibrillation by emergency medical technicians. PMID- 3902362 TI - Intragastric prostaglandin E2 and the prevention of gastrointestinal hemorrhage in ICU patients. AB - The effects of intragastric prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) on the occurrence of acute GI hemorrhage in intensive care patients were investigated in a prospective, double blind, placebo-controlled study. Ninety patients with two or more risk factors (major surgery, multiple trauma, respiratory insufficiency, renal insufficiency, jaundice, hypotension, peritonitis, sepsis) were randomized for treatment with either PGE2 (0.5 mg) or placebo, administered every 4 h via a nasogastric tube. Blood loss in gastric aspirates was measured by 51Cr-erythrocyte labeling and a peroxidase test (orthotolidine). Of 57 patients who could be evaluated, 29 received PGE2 and 28 received placebo. Hemorrhage occurred in nine PGE2 patients and 13 placebo-treated patients, not a significant difference. The occurrence of hemorrhage was related to the number of risk factors, and GI hemorrhage was rarely the major factor determining mortality. Results of the orthotolidine test were not positively correlated with those of erythrocyte labeling, indicating that peroxidase tests should not be relied upon to detect blood in gastric aspirates. PMID- 3902364 TI - Similarities between pressure support ventilation and intermittent positive pressure ventilation. PMID- 3902363 TI - Emergency treatment of severe bronchospasm. PMID- 3902365 TI - Cardiopulmonary diagnoses by nuclear medicine techniques--where we have been, where we are, where we are going. AB - In order to not only survive, but to carry out our mission in health care delivery, nuclear medicine procedures will have to be competitive with the many other techniques that are available for assessing cardiopulmonary structure or function. Our tests must also be shown to be cost-effective. According to the American Heart Association, cardiovascular diseases alone had an economic cost of 56.9 billion dollars in 1983. Of this enormous sum only a very small percentage could be attributed to the performance of diagnostic nuclear medicine examinations. In addition to the economic cost, cardiovascular diseases accounted for 51% of all deaths in 1980. Statistics from the U.S. Department of Health show that 8.26 million (26.3%) of the national noninstitutionalized handicapped are the result of heart conditions and hypertension. These statistics are especially tragic since cardiovascular disease tends to strike a large proportion of persons in their most productive working years. We must avoid becoming penny wise and pound foolish when we decide whether or not to perform diagnostic examinations. Information obtained from these tests can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of therapy (or lack thereof), determine those patients who are at greatest risk of subsequent events and, therefore, require the most intensive investigation and therapy, and similarly identify that population at very low risk of having subsequent cardiac events and, therefore, requiring little, if any, therapy and no further investigation. Is such an approach economically feasible? An estimated 1.5 million Americans will have a heart attack this year, and about 550,000 of them will die. Of these persons, 350,000 will die before they reach the hospital. This leaves 1,150,000 persons who will be hospitalized due to myocardial infarction. As an example, if every one of these patients had a GBP study, at an estimated cost of +350.00 per examination, the cost would be about +400,000,000 or 0.7% of the total cost of cardiovascular diseases. This figure would roughly double if either a 201Tl or GBP study was performed with stress. Thus, our examinations constitute only a small percentage of the overall cost of cardiopulmonary disease. If one of these tests results in even a day early CCU to general bed transfer, early discharge, deferment of angiography, or surgery, or long-term medical therapy, then they will be cost-effective. We believe that a strong case can be made for optimism about the continued growth and expansion of nuclear techniques.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3902366 TI - Digital subtraction angiography of the coronary arteries. AB - The application of digital coronary arteriography in the evaluation of patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease is considered. Digital imaging of coronary arteries and bypass grafts can augment 35-mm cineangiography and may eventually replace film for coronary arteriography. The clinical efficacy of both selective and nonselective digital coronary arteriography is not yet established, however, a number of advantages over 35 mm cine have now been delineated including high contrast sensitivity image subtraction and digital image processing. One particular advantage of digital coronary arteriography is the ability to perform an immediate quantitative analysis of coronary images providing a reliable and consistent measure of the significance of a stenotic lesion. Technical requirements for digital coronary arteriography include a high output X-ray generator, low noise television chain, a 512 X 512 digital image matrix, frame rates of at least 15 fps, and high data storage capacity of c500 megabytes. The utilization of digital coronary imaging as a supplement or in place of 35-mm cine angiography will provide improved coronary imaging and enable quantification for more accurate and clinically significant coronary artery imaging. PMID- 3902367 TI - An airlift pump device for low pressure perfusion storage of the isolated heart. AB - A portable apparatus for the continuous hypothermic perfusion of the isolated heart is described. The system has been used successfully to store pig and baboon hearts for periods of up to 48 hr, and to store human donor hearts for periods of 7 to 17 hr before being transplanted. The perfusate is both oxygenated and circulated by gas flow from a pressurized oxygen cylinder, using the air-lift pump principle. The apparatus has no moving parts and requires no electrical energy supply; malfunction is, therefore, extremely unlikely. A regulator has been incorporated which can be adjusted to increase or decrease the myocardial perfusion pressure. The system and environmental variables which can affect flow and pressure within the apparatus are discussed. The storage time allowed by this system will enable transportation of donor hearts between most of the world's major cities. PMID- 3902368 TI - Genetic damage is not produced by normal cryopreservation procedures involving either glycerol or dimethyl sulfoxide: a cautionary note, however, on possible effects of dimethyl sulfoxide. AB - Cryopreservation of chinese hamster ovary cells in tissue culture with either glycerol or dimethyl sulfoxide did not result in chromosome damage as measured by the sister chromatid exchange technique. These results are consistent with earlier negative reports in which the freezing and thawing of mammalian cells did not increase the frequency of micronuclei. No increases in the spontaneous mutation rates of several bacterial strains at different genetic loci were observed during the course of a number of years of storage at -196 degrees C. It is concluded that standard cryopreservation procedures are without genetic hazards. However, the well-documented effects of dimethyl sulfoxide on cell fusion and gene differentiation suggest caution in its use as a cryopreservative for animal and human embryos. PMID- 3902369 TI - Toxic fungal metabolites in food. AB - About 100 fungal metabolites may cause cancer, embryological defects, or other histopathological effects in mammals. They are produced by a wide variety of fungi. Few of these metabolites have significant acute toxicity. With the exception of aflatoxin B1 and sterigmatocystin, there is no conclusive evidence that any of them is carcinogenic. However, several of the compounds are mutagenic. Cytochalasin D and T-2 toxin are probably teratogenic. A wide variety of other histopathological effects have been shown. Liver damage has been most frequently reported. In almost all cases the molecular bases of these effects have not been extensively investigated. Although much is known about the routes by which some of the compounds are synthesized in vivo, nothing is known about control at the molecular level of these biosynthetic routes. Little is known about the biological degradation of these compounds or about the levels and incidences of them in food and animal feed. Future work in all these areas will depend on the further development of sensitive assay methods that are applicable to their measurement in food, in animal feed, and in animal tissues and body fluids and on the application of these methods to define exposure to these compounds in the diet. PMID- 3902370 TI - The genus Allium--Part 1. AB - Alliums have been grown for many centuries for their characteristic, pungent flavor and medicinal properties. The present review, which includes references published up to the middle of 1984, is primarily concerned with the chemical composition, flavor, and physiological properties of these crops, their extracts, and processed products. Special emphasis is placed upon the relationship between the organoleptically and biologically active components of onion and garlic. Following a brief historical introduction, current production of commercially important alliums is described and their botanical origins and interrelationships are explained. Following consideration of the major economic diseases and pests of alliums, the agronomic, husbandry, and practices associated with their cultivation are described, particular emphasis being placed upon the storage and processing of onion and garlic. The detailed, overall chemical composition and nutritional value of members of the genus Allium are presented in Section 7; after an outline of the origin and nature of flavor components and precursors, the flavor volatiles of individual members are presented. The effects of agronomic, environmental, and processing practices on chemical and flavor content and quality are considered in Section 9. The following section deals critically with the human and animal studies which have been conducted into the medical and therapeutic properties of alliums, emphasis being placed upon the studies into the antiatherosclerotic effect of onion and garlic and their essential oils. After a study of antimicrobial properties of alliums and their effects on insects and animals, an overview is presented which highlights unexplored or inadequately studied areas and suggests rewarding areas for future research. PMID- 3902371 TI - The genus Allium. Part 2. AB - Allium is a genus of some 500 species belonging to the family Liliaceae. However only a few of these are important as food plants, notably onion, garlic, chive, leek, and rakkyo. Such plants have been used for many centuries for the pungency and flavoring value, for their medicinal properties, and, in some parts of the world, their use also has religious connotations. The flavors of members of the genus Alliums, in addition to having certain characteristics, are also complex, being derived enzymically from a number of involatile precursors. In addition to there being variation of flavor between different alliums, there are also considerable changes that occur as a result of cooking and processing. Of course, these are of importance to the consumer and food technologist-processor. The review will introduce the subject by an historical perspective and will set this against data on the present cultivation and usage of commercially cultivated alliums. The chemical composition of these plants will be discussed, emphasis being given to nonvolatile constituents which are, perhaps, less often considered. Discussion of the volatile constituents, which will include mention of the methods currently used for their analysis and for the determination of "flavor strength", will be mainly concerned with literature taken from the last 5 years. In considering the extent and nature of allium cultivation and processing, factors affecting the nutritional value and quality will be highlighted. The medicinal properties of garlic and onion oils have been much studied over the last decade and the review will include critical assessment of this area and also will touch on the more general properties (antimicrobial, antifungal, antibacterial, and insecticidal) of these oils. Finally mention will be made of the antinutritional, toxic, or otherwise undesirable effects of alliums, for example, as inadvertent components of animal diets, tainting of milk and other food products. It is our intention to review the literature up to mid-1984. PMID- 3902372 TI - A critical review of the literature on acrolein toxicity. AB - A detailed literature review of human and animal toxicity studies of acrolein is presented, and information gaps identified that call for further investigation. Specific recommendations are suggested for additional short-/long-term studies, including chemical disposition and cytogenetic investigations. Two bibliographies are provided indicating the scope of the review: (1) literature actually cited and (2) literature examined but not included. PMID- 3902373 TI - Use of the Goettingen miniature pig for studying pyrimethamine teratogenesis. AB - Although pigs are suitable animals for experimental teratology, use of miniature pigs developed as a medicobiological experimental animal is essential for this purpose. Miniature pigs are established genetically so that the background data on the naturally occurring birth defects are reliable, whereas the commercial breeds are always improved genetically to seek higher productivity. In this review the authors summarized pyrimethamine teratogenesis in Goettingen miniature pigs. Pyrimethamine administration to a pregnant sow during the early stage of the organogenetic period caused cleft palate and other birth defects, and also hind leg paralysis, a functional defect in newborns. PMID- 3902374 TI - Fusidic acid in orthopaedic infections due to coagulase-negative staphylococci. AB - Twenty orthopaedic in-patients who developed an acute infection due to coagulase negative staphylococci, and which was associated with a foreign body in 11 cases, were treated with fusidic acid. All patients were given oral medication, except for 1 child with acute osteomyelitis who was treated intravenously for the first 7 days. The mean daily dose was 21 mg/kg and the mean duration of treatment 20 days. Fusidic acid was given alone in 5 patients and concurrently with another antibiotic in the other 15 patients. All patients responded satisfactorily with resolution of the relevant signs and symptoms, although 1 patient relapsed subsequently. Mild side-effects were observed in 3 patients. PMID- 3902375 TI - Trial of oral flupirtine maleate in the treatment of pain after orthopaedic surgery. AB - A clinical trial was carried out in 66 patients to compare the effectiveness of oral flupirtine maleate (100 to 200 mg) and oral pentazocine (50 to 100 mg) in the treatment of pain after hip replacement surgery. The trial analgesics were used as sole analgesia from the second to the fifth post-operative day. Similar numbers of patients were withdrawn from the trial in each group (flupirtine 6, pentazocine 5) because of poor efficacy or the appearance of symptoms, the relationship to treatment of which was uncertain. Indices of the quality, speed and degree of pain relief were similar in both groups on all days of the study, no significant differences being seen. High proportions of patients in each group expressed overall satisfaction with the trial medication, somewhat more so with flupirtine (85% to 95%) than pentazocine treatment (67% to 79%). Reports of dizziness/lightheadedness were significantly more common with pentazocine (23% affected) than with flupirtine (3%). Other side-effects were reported by only small numbers of patients, but the relationship of reported symptoms to treatment was uncertain in most cases. The results suggest that flupirtine is likely to be at least as effective and acceptable as pentazocine for the treatment of pain after orthopaedic surgery and that flupirtine may offer advantages in terms of fewer central nervous system side-effects. PMID- 3902376 TI - Effect of clenbuterol on peripheral airway obstruction in bronchial asthma. AB - A study was carried out in 6 patients with bronchial asthma to investigate the effects of clenbuterol, a beta 2-sympathomimetic bronchodilator, on peripheral airway obstruction. The basal lung functions of the patients were almost within normal range in both vital capacity (VC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), but their maximal flow rates were lower in effort-independent phase of both maximal expiratory flow volume (MEFV) curve and partial expiratory flow volume (PEFV) curve. Furthermore, they demonstrated marked basal frequency dependence of dynamic compliance [CL,dyn]. Oral administration of clenbuterol (40 micrograms) produced a significant increase in the maximal flow in effort independent phase of both MEFV and PEFV curves, and markedly decreased frequency dependence of CL,dyn in comparison with the baseline values, while it improved both VC and FEV1 to a lesser extent. These results suggest that clenbuterol preferentially reduced the peripheral airway obstruction in bronchial asthma. PMID- 3902377 TI - The relative bioavailability of paracetamol after rectal administration of suppositories containing a mixture of paracetamol, codeine phosphate and buclizine hydrochloride in healthy volunteers. AB - 'New' and 'old' suppositories (6 months and 30 months since manufacture) containing 800 mg paracetamol, 16 mg codeine phosphate and 12.5 mg buclizine hydrochloride in an identical base were administered to 10 normal volunteers at an interval of 2 weeks. Blood samples were taken at intervals up to 300 minutes after administration for estimation of paracetamol plasma concentrations using high pressure liquid chromatography. Mean peak concentrations were obtained of 4.75 +/- 0.74 mg/ml at 1.75 hours with the new suppositories and of 4.6 +/- 0.67 mg/ml at 2.0 hours with the old suppositories. The difference was not significant. Mean elimination half-life was 4.4 +/- 0.42 hours and 3.73 +/- 0.28 hours, respectively. Again, the difference was not significant, indicating that the absorption characteristics for the suppositories did not appear to deteriorate with ageing for 24 months. Bioavailability data for paracetamol derived from the results were similar to those reported by other workers who studied suppositories containing paracetamol as the only active ingredient. This indicates that the inclusion of codeine phosphate and buclizine hydrochloride in the suppository formulation investigated in the present study did not affect adversely the absorption of paracetamol. PMID- 3902378 TI - The use of antisera ('Serocytol') in the management of gastritis: a double-blind clinical assessment versus placebo. AB - A double-blind, placebo-controlled study was carried out in 40 out-patients with endoscopically confirmed hypertrophic or erosive gastritis, without ulcer, to assess the effectiveness and tolerance of treatment with equine antisera (antidiencephalon and anti-stomach tissue). Patients were assigned at random to receive a single dose in suppository form on 2 days a week for 6 weeks of both antisera (anti-diencephalon on Days 1 and 4, anti-stomach tissue on Days 2 and 5) or placebo (saline solution). No other anti-ulcer treatment was allowed except standard antacid tablets, the consumption of which was recorded and used as an evaluation parameter. Endoscopy, haematology and haematochemistry were performed before and after treatment; symptoms (daytime and night-time pain, heartburn and dyspepsia) and possible adverse reactions were scored 0 to 4 in order of increasing severity before treatment and after 1, 2, 4 and 6 weeks. Five patients in the placebo group had to be withdrawn from the trial at the second week because of therapeutic failure. This proportion was significantly in favour of the antisera group, as was the proportion of patients endoscopically healed and the extent and rate of symptomatic improvement. Concomitant antacid consumption rapidly and significantly decreased in the antisera but not in the placebo group. Signs of intolerance were not observed with either treatment, nor were there any significant alterations in haematology or haematochemistry. In particular, the immune titre of patients did not increase after treatment, thus indicating that the administered heterologous proteins did not elicit an immunization of the patients against horse protein.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3902379 TI - Comparative study of bezafibrate and fenofibrate in patients with primary hyperlipoproteinaemia. AB - A study was carried out in 40 patients with primary hyperlipoproteinaemia to compare the efficacy and tolerance of bezafibrate and fenofibrate, combined with a dietary regimen, in reducing lipid levels. Patients were allocated at random to receive treatment for 4 months with either 600 mg bezafibrate or 300 mg fenofibrate per day. Efficacy of treatment was assessed from measurement before and after treatment of the levels of total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides and blood glucose. Tolerance was monitored by monthly clinical examinations and routine investigation of blood chemistry and urinalysis before and after treatment. The results indicated that bezafibrate was a more effective normolipaemic agent than fenofibrate. Whilst both drugs reduced triglyceride levels significantly, only in the bezafibrate group were they decreased to within the risk-free range. Bezafibrate also produced a significant decrease in total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol to near the risk-free level and an increase in HDL-cholesterol. With fenofibrate, total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels remained within the range necessitating treatment and HDL cholesterol showed little if any change. Although there were decreases in alkaline phosphatase and significant decreases in gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase levels in both groups after treatment, there was a tendency for SGPT, SGOT, total bilirubin and direct bilirubin levels to increase after fenofibrate but to decrease after bezafibrate. PMID- 3902380 TI - Cardiovascular profiles in noninotropic, inotropic, and inotropic-intra-aortic balloon pump patients receiving coronary artery bypass grafting. PMID- 3902381 TI - Surface components of Escherichia coli that mediate resistance to the bactericidal activities of serum and phagocytes. PMID- 3902383 TI - Cholera toxin: genetic analysis, regulation, and role in pathogenesis. PMID- 3902382 TI - Role of a plasmid in the pathogenicity of Yersinia species. PMID- 3902384 TI - Major chromosome homeologies between Muridae and Cricetidae. AB - The presumed ancestral karyotype of Muridae, previously reconstructed, is compared with that of a selected Cricetidae species, Akodon a arviculoides. Most of the chromosomes of the presumed ancestral chromosomes of Muridae are homeologous to chromosome arms or segments in the Akodon karyotype. This result strengthens the validity of the reconstruction of the ancestral karyotype for both Muridae and Cricetidae. PMID- 3902385 TI - Evaluation of the portable chest roentgenogram for quantitating extravascular lung water in critically ill adults. AB - The diagnosis of pulmonary edema is frequently made from characteristic findings on the chest roentgenogram that suggest an increase in lung water. Optimal radiographic technique depends on a cooperative upright patient, which is not possible with most critically ill patients. These patients may also have multiple radiographic abnormalities that make interpretation of the chest roentgenogram difficult. The ability of portable chest roentgenograms to accurately identify the presence of excess lung water and monitor changes in lung water has not previously been evaluated in critically ill adults who are intubated and ventilated and in the supine position when the films are exposed. In 12 patients the pulmonary edema seen on portable chest roentgenograms was given a score (0 to 390 points), which was then compared with a determination of extravascular lung water using the thermal-dye indicator dilution technique. A linear correlation was observed (r = 0.51; p less than 0.05; n = 73). Evaluation of a change in radiographic score vs a change in lung water showed no linear correlation (r = 0.1; p greater than 0.05). While portable chest roentgenograms exposed under the conditions described were a useful technique for demonstrating pulmonary edema, they were not accurate in monitoring modest changes in lung water in critically ill patients. PMID- 3902386 TI - Influence of lung and chest wall compliances on transmission of airway pressure to the pleural space in critically ill patients. AB - Nineteen patients with acute respiratory failure were divided into three groups according to their total compliance (CT). Transmission of airway pressure to the pleural space was then evaluated by measurement of esophageal pressure at both end-expiration and end-inspiration, and at three levels of PEEP. Chest wall (CW) and lung complicance (CL) were also calculated from simultaneous measurements of lung volume changes induced by tidal delivery. In group 1 (CT greater than 45 ml/cmH2O), 37 percent of airway pressure was transmitted to pleural space. In group 2 (CT between 45 and 30 ml/cmH2O), 32 percent of airway pressure was transmitted to the pleural space. In group 3 (CT less than 30 ml/cmH2O), only 24 percent of airway pressure was transmitted to the pleural space. These differences are statistically significant (p less than 0.001) and illustrate the influence of a progressive increase in lung stiffness (CL = 100.3 +/- 17.2 ml/cmH2O in group 1, CL = 45.0 +/- 6.3 ml/cmH2O in group 2, and CL = 28.6 +/- 8.9 ml/cmH2O in group 3) on transmission of airway pressure to the pleural space. Despite lesser transmission of airway pressure to the pleural space in the most damaged lungs, no significant difference was found between groups with regard to transmural venous pressure changes throughout the study. PMID- 3902387 TI - The effect of positional changes on oxygenation in patients with pleural effusions. AB - In unilateral parenchymal pulmonary disease, arterial oxygenation decreases when the patient is positioned such that the abnormal lung is dependent; however, few studies have evaluated the effect of the body position on oxygenation in patients with unilateral or asymmetric pleural effusions. To our knowledge, no previous study has evaluated the possible transient effects of changing position on the level of arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) in such patients. Accordingly, we studied ten normoxic patients spontaneously breathing room air, who had asymmetric pleural effusions as documented by chest x-ray film and physical examination. We monitored pulse, respiratory rate, and blood pressure every five minutes and SaO2 by ear oximetry continuously while patients were in the following positions: sitting; supine; and left and right lateral decubitus. The mean SaO2 was 95 percent and 94.3 percent in the sitting and supine positions, respectively. Mean SaO2 fell to 93.4 percent when the patients were positioned so that the side with the largest pleural effusion was dependent. When the side with the pleural effusion was down, the mean SaO2 was significantly lower than in either the sitting position or with the side with the pleural effusion up. We could find no significant relationship between the size of the pleural effusion and the amount of arterial oxygen desaturation. We conclude that there is a decrease in SaO2 in normoxic patients when the side with the larger pleural effusion is dependent; however, this decreased SaO2 does not appear to be clinically significant in patients with normal SaO2. PMID- 3902388 TI - Effect of steroid therapy on exercise performance in patients with irreversible chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. AB - Many patients with irreversible chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) claim symptomatic improvement with steroid therapy, despite a lack of objective improvement in their spirometric data. To determine if steroids actually increase the exercise capacity of these individuals, 13 clinically stable patients (mean age, 63 +/- 4 years; 12 male patients) were given methylprednisolone (32 mg once daily) or placebo in a randomized double-blind crossover fashion. Spirometric data and minute ventilation, oxygen consumption (VO2), carbon dioxide production, and heart rate during incremental exercise were measured at each visit. Methylprednisolone did not produce a significant change in any of the measured parameters. Three patients had an increase in maximal VO2 of greater than 2 ml/kg/min during therapy with methylprednisolone, while two experienced a decline in maximal VO2 of similar magnitude. The change in exercise capacity was unrelated to the change in the forced expiratory volume in one second in individual patients (r = 0.08). We conclude that in the absence of any improvement in the usual tests of airway mechanics, steroid therapy does not improve exercise performance in patients with COPD. PMID- 3902389 TI - Asbestosis. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid proteins and their relationship to pulmonary epithelial permeability. AB - We measured levels of albumin and immunoglobulins in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid in 28 men with asbestosis and 11 control subjects. The half time clearance of inhaled diethylene triamine pentacetate labelled with technetium-99m (99mTc-DTPA) from the lungs (t1/2LB) was measured in 26 patients with asbestosis and in 31 normal nonsmoking controls. In those individuals in whom immunoglobulins were detected in BAL fluid, the mean IgG:albumin ratio in BAL fluid was 0.30 (range, 0.11 to 0.97), significantly less than the ratio of 0.43 (0.28 to 0.66) in control subjects (p less than 0.05). There was no significant difference in IgA:albumin ratios between patients and control subjects. The mean BAL:serum albumin ratio in patients with asbestosis was 2.3 X 10(-3) (range, 0.2 to 9.5 X 10(-3), significantly greater than the ratio of 1.2 X 10(-3) (0.5 to 2.0 X 10(-3] in control subjects (p less than 0.02). The t1/2LB was significantly shorter in both smokers and nonsmokers with asbestosis, compared with 31 normal nonsmoking controls, but there were no relationships between t1/2LB and BAL:serum albumin ratio or any other BAL protein levels in either smokers or nonsmokers with asbestosis. PMID- 3902390 TI - Detection of right-to-left shunt with radionuclide angiocardiography in refractory hypoxemia. AB - A significant right-to-left shunt at the atrial level was diagnosed by radionuclide angiocardiographic examination in a patient with hypoxemia whose perfusion scan showed no pulmonary uptake. The shunt occurred through a patent foramen ovale due to increased right ventricular afterload, subsequently confirmed at autopsy. It is concluded that radionuclide angiocardiography with technetium 99m macroaggregated albumin (99mTc MAA), followed immediately by a perfusion lung scan, may have a place in the evaluation of patients with refractory hypoxemia, since pulmonary embolism and/or right-to-left shunting are two of several causes of hypoxemia in the absence of congenital heart disease. A review of the literature on different pathophysiologic factors is presented and some therapeutic implications, specifically the adverse effect of PEEP in such situations, are discussed. PMID- 3902391 TI - Correlation of susceptibility test results in vitro with response in vivo: ketoconazole therapy in a systemic candidiasis model. AB - In a previous study with flucytosine (5-FC) susceptibility of 40 Candida albicans isolates in vitro proved statistically correlated with response in systemic murine candidiasis in vivo, although exceptions occurred with individual isolates. For the present analogous study with ketoconazole, 58 C. albicans isolates were used of which 38 were from the 5-FC study and 20 were added to equalize the numbers of serotype A (n = 30) and B (n = 28) and to make the range of susceptibility in vitro to ketoconazole continuous and wide. The widest range of ketoconazole susceptibility was noted for the minimal inhibitory concentrations on Kimmig and Casitone agars (0.015-256 micrograms/ml) and disk zone diameters on YNB agar (0-54 mm), whereas with disk tests on other media, the range of 50% inhibitory concentrations, relative inhibition factors and MICs on serum agar remained narrow and/or showed strong ties. The Spearman's rank correlation between the in vitro activities determined with the various parameters showed wide variation consistent with p values from less than 0.001 to greater than 0.05. The serotype B isolates generally were more susceptible than the A isolates (p less than 0.02 for the majority of parameters). Evaluation of response in vivo was hampered by the low activity of ketoconazole on the murine infection with any of the isolates, the range of the ED50's being only 10- greater than 100 mg/kg. The serotype B infections exhibited significantly better response (p less than 0.05) than the serotype A infections. The overall correlation (Spearman's rank) of the susceptibility test results in vitro with the response in vivo was poor (p less than 0.05 for almost all parameters) suggesting very limited if any precise predictive values of the susceptibility tests in vitro with ketoconazole against C. albicans. However, the narrow range of the ED50 suggests relatively little variation in the response of the different isolates in vivo and similarly small variation was also noted in some of the tests in vitro. PMID- 3902392 TI - [Amputation of the limbs--a historical survey]. PMID- 3902393 TI - [Postoperative antibiotic therapy]. PMID- 3902394 TI - [Percutaneous drainage of abdominal abscesses. I. Technic and results]. AB - 88 intraabdominal abscesses in 77 patients were treated by percutaneous drainage. Patients were cured in 63 percent. Complications were observed in 11 percent followed by surgery in two instances. Ten out of 75 patients (13 percent) died in the postprocedural course from multiple organ failure or postoperative complications. A fatal outcome, however, was never attributable to the percutaneous procedure. Technical considerations of percutaneous abscess drainage are described in detail. Its similarities with open drainage and advantages over septic surgery are discussed. PMID- 3902396 TI - [An analysis of B scan ultrasonic values on 210 fetuses near term]. PMID- 3902395 TI - [Direct chromosome preparation of chorionic villi in early pregnancy]. PMID- 3902397 TI - [Study of the mechanism of ONO-802 in the termination of early pregnancy by B model sonar monitoring]. PMID- 3902398 TI - Nucleologenesis: composition and fate of prenucleolar bodies. AB - A time course study was conducted on nucleologenesis after release from a mitotic block in the presence and absence of actinomycin D to determine the composition and fate of prenucleolar bodies (PNBs). Prenucleolar bodies, whether naturally occurring or induced by actinomycin D treatment, stain with silver and contain phosphoproteins B23 and C23, two of the major proteins of the interphase nucleolus as determined by double label immunofluorescence with specific antibodies. The nucleolus is formed by fusion of PNBs, which subsequently "reorganize" and form internal fibrillar and peripheral granular regions. Actinomycin D prevents fusion of PNBs, which are then randomly dispersed throughout the nucleus but they still contain proteins B23 and C23. These results demonstrate that the nucleolus is formed by fusion of prenucleolar structures whose biochemical composition resembles the mature nucleolus, since PNBs contain at least two of the major nucleolar proteins. PMID- 3902399 TI - [Ultrasonography and guided fine-needle aspiration cytology in the diagnosis of fluid-containing masses in the liver]. PMID- 3902401 TI - [Current status of urinary tract infections]. PMID- 3902400 TI - [Immunopathological study of synovial tissue and fluid in rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 3902402 TI - [Studies on vectors of Brugia malayi and Plasmodium vivax]. PMID- 3902403 TI - [Biological monitoring of sample collections]. PMID- 3902404 TI - [A successive survey on the sensitivity of P. falciparum patients to chloroquine by in vitro microtechnic and in vivo test on Hainan Island]. PMID- 3902405 TI - [Anastomosis following resection of esophageal or cardial cancer]. PMID- 3902406 TI - [The value of the antibody-coated bacteria test and immunoglobulin assay in the diagnosis of chronic prostatitis]. PMID- 3902407 TI - [Neutrophil function in surgical trauma patients]. PMID- 3902408 TI - Of heliotropes and hemorrhoids. St. Fiacre, patron saint of gardeners and hemorrhoid sufferers. AB - During the Middle Ages, an integral part of the therapy for certain ailments included supplication to "patron" saints for possible divine intervention. Through legends surrounding his life, St. Fiacre, a 7th century Irish monk, has become the patron saint for hemorrhoid sufferers. PMID- 3902410 TI - Classic articles in colonic and rectal surgery. Sir William Arbuthnot Lane 1856 1943. The results of the operative treatment of chronic constipation. PMID- 3902409 TI - Cryptosporidiosis as a cause of diarrhea following bone marrow transplantation. AB - Severe diarrhea following bone marrow transplantation may be a serious complication; the precise etiology should be determined in order to provide appropriate therapy. We report two patients in whom profuse diarrhea was associated with cryptosporidium infections. The importance of clinicians and pathologists being aware of the complication in this clinical setting and the use of appropriate techniques for the isolation and identification of the microorganism are emphasized. PMID- 3902411 TI - The significance of quantitative results of C. difficile cultures and toxin assays in patients with diarrhea. AB - The clinical courses of 114 patients with positive Clostridium difficile cultures or toxin assays performed between 1981 and 1984 were reviewed to determine the relationship between outcome of treatment and quantitative bacteriologic test results. C. difficile culture was positive in 60 of 91 patients while toxin assay was positive in 99 of 114. One third of the patients received supportive therapy only, and 30 percent of these failed to resolve their symptoms. Ninety-one percent of the patients treated with vancomycin resolved, although 11 percent of these suffered relapse. Patients with high toxin titers receiving supportive treatment alone showed a lower response rate than patients with lower toxin titers. This effect was not seen in patients treated with specific therapy nor with different culture quantities. C. difficile colitis has a range of clinical and microbiologic manifestations. Endoscopy is not always diagnostic, both culture and toxin assays are needed for diagnosis, and toxin titer may help in planning treatment. Patients with low toxin titers may be treated supportively, but high toxin titers are an indication for specific therapy. Quantitative culture results have little diagnostic or therapeutic value. PMID- 3902412 TI - Vicryl intestinal anastomosis. Analysis of 327 cases. AB - Reported are 305 patients undergoing 327 intestinal anastomoses with polyglactin 910(Vicryl, Ethicon) suture. The technique of one-layer interrupted absorbable suture anastomosis is discussed. A leak rate of 0.6 percent is recorded and indicates this method is acceptable. PMID- 3902413 TI - Topical ampicillin in addition to a systemic antibiotic prophylaxis in elective colorectal surgery. A prospective randomized study. AB - Prophylactic use of topical ampicillin in addition to intravenous ampicillin and metronidazole was studied in a randomized trial including 203 consecutive patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery. All received ampicillin, 1 g X 3, and metronidazole, 0.5 g X 3, intravenously for at least three days from induction of anesthesia, and 105 also received topical ampicillin, 1 g, in each of the surgical wounds. Deep wound infection or dehiscence was seen in 12 of 105 having both administrations of antibiotics, and in nine of 98 having only intravenous antibiotics. The two groups were similar according to distribution of sex, age, type of surgery, and efficiency of bowel preparation. Topical ampicillin should be omitted in elective colorectal surgery when systemic prophylaxis with ampicillin and metronidazole is used. PMID- 3902414 TI - Surgery for diverticulitis in renal failure. AB - Twenty-five patients were operated on at the Brigham and Women's Hospital for colonic diverticulitis complicating treated renal failure during the period 1951 to 1983. Twelve patients had functioning renal allografts (eight cadaver, four living-related); 13 were on dialysis therapy. Six patients had polycystic kidney disease. The majority of patients had acute abdominal pain. Four had histories of chronic abdominal pain; nondiagnostic exploratory laparotomies were performed on two of these patients, who developed localized tenderness. The overall mortality in this series was 28 percent, with sepsis being the most common cause of death. Six of seven patients who died had free colonic perforations at surgery. Mortality correlated with age, with six of 14 patients (43 percent) over age 50 dying, as compared with one of 11 patients (9 percent) under age 50. There was no correlation between survival rate and type of surgery performed, dose of prednisone or azathioprine used, or type of treatment received for renal failure. PMID- 3902415 TI - Suture of massive hemorrhoidal bleeding in portal hypertension. AB - Massive hemorrhoidal hemorrhage in portal hypertension can be treated by figure of-eight stick-tie suture. PMID- 3902416 TI - Obliterative suture technique for internal hemorrhoidectomy. PMID- 3902417 TI - Classic articles in colonic and rectal surgery. Albert Compton Broders 1885-1964. Prognosis in carcinoma of the rectum. A comparison of the Broders and Dukes methods of classification. PMID- 3902418 TI - Changing demographics of peptic ulcer disease. AB - The demography of peptic ulcer changed greatly and uniformly in western countries until the middle of this century. The demographic pattern reversed at about the turn of the century, duodenal ulcer becoming the predominant lesion, males the most often affected, and age-distribution shifting towards senior citizens. These changes have not continued beyond the 1950s, in fact a decline in the incidence of duodenal ulcer has been postulated. Although hospital admission rates have declined dramatically, there is no evidence of a general decline in the 'true' incidence of duodenal ulcer in the population. However, major changes are ongoing, but the pattern differs from country to country. These findings indicate that environmental factors other than those characterizing industrialized societies are actively involved in the etiology of peptic ulcer. PMID- 3902420 TI - Aspartame use by persons with diabetes. AB - Sixty-two subjects having either insulin-dependent or non-insulin-dependent diabetes completed a randomized, double-blind study comparing effects of aspartame or a placebo on blood glucose control. Twenty-nine subjects consumed 2.7 g aspartame per day for 18 wk, given as aspartame-containing capsules with meals, while 33 subjects took identical appearing placebo capsules. After 18 wk, no changes were seen in fasting or 2-h postprandial blood glucose levels or glycohemoglobin levels in either the aspartame- or placebo-treated groups. Adverse reactions were no more common in the group taking aspartame. We conclude that use of aspartame as a low-calorie sweetener does not adversely affect glycemic control of persons with diabetes. PMID- 3902419 TI - Prostaglandins and histological changes in the gastric mucosa. AB - Gastric 'cytoprotection' was originally defined as the prostaglandin (PG) mediated absence of grossly visible necrotic lesions produced by any of several necrotizing agents. It was assumed that the absence of necrotic lesions was synonymous with an undamaged mucosa. Subsequent microscopic analysis showed that PG did not protect the superficial gastric epithelium against damage by a necrotizing agent and absolute ethanol. Necrotizing agents such as absolute ethanol appear to produce two major types of damage in vivo: (i) superficial damage, which is confined to the interfoveolar, gastric pit and sometimes upper gastric glands and is not accompanied by significant hemorrhage; (ii) necrotic lesions, which are focal regions of vascular stasis, hemorrhage and associated cellular necrosis extending deep within the mucosa. PG pretreatment largely prevents the formation of necrotic lesions (but does lessen the severity of) the superficial damage. Necrotic lesions heal slowly over a period of days to months whereas superficial damage in vivo heals within approximately 60 minutes by the rapid migration of mucous cells from the gastric pit and isthmus of the oxyntic gland. Exogenous PG elicits a thicker mucus gel which has been implicated in cytoprotection. Experimental evidence now suggests that mucus may have an important role in preventing further damage, after the initial insult, by forming a cap or gelatinous layer over the injured regions. In toto these studies demonstrate three additional protective mechanisms of the superficially injured gastric mucosa: (i) a shielding gelatinous layer formed of mucus and exfoliated surface epithelial cells which forms a barrier to substances in the lumen and traps an alkaline fluid next to the healing surface; (ii) a flow of alkaline mucosal fluid into the lumen which dilutes noxious agents there and helps provide an optimum healing environment at the injured surface; (iii) a rapidly healing superficial mucosal layer which quickly reinstates the physical barrier between the gastric lumen and lamina propria. It is concluded that although PGs do not protect the superficial gastric epithelium against damage by a necrotizing agent, PGs markedly lessen the severity of damage primarily by preventing hemorrhagic lesions. PMID- 3902421 TI - Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) responses after oral glucose ingestion in hyperthyroidism. AB - Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) is a gastrointestinal hormone stimulated after oral nutrient ingestion, but not after intravenous nutrient administration. GIP stimulates insulin release in the presence of hyperglycemia and as such is considered a major enteroinsular hormone. Since elevated glucose and insulin levels are found in hyperthyroidism, we compared the GIP responses to oral glucose ingestion in 12 hyperthyroid patients and 10 age-matched controls. Seventy-five grams of oral glucose was ingested after overnight fasting and samples were obtained at 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 180 min for serum glucose and immunoreactive insulin (IRI) and GIP (IRGIP). The mean serum glucose levels in hyperthyroid subjects were significantly higher (P less than or equal to 0.05) at every time studied except at 180 min. At 60 min, peak mean glucose was 171 +/- 14 mg/dl versus 128 +/- 7 mg/dl in controls (P less than 0.02). Except for fasting, mean IRI levels were significantly higher (P less than 0.001) in hyperthyroid subjects than in controls at all times studied. At 60 min, IRI rose to a peak of 125 +/- 11 microU/ml in hyperthyroid subjects versus 50 +/- 9 microU/ml in controls (P less than 0.001). Mean fasting, stimulated, and incremental IRGIP levels were slightly higher but not statistically different in the hyperthyroid subjects versus controls. Glucose and IRI responses are exaggerated in hyperthyroidism after oral glucose ingestion. Even though GIP has insulinotropic action, its role in the hyperinsulinism found in hyperthyroid subjects appears to be minimal. PMID- 3902422 TI - Adjuvant therapy with tolazamide and insulin improves metabolic control in type I diabetes mellitus. AB - Sulfonylurea agents have been well documented to be effective in type II diabetes mellitus by increasing insulin secretion as well as by enhancing cellular binding of endogenous insulin. We have examined in 20 type I diabetic subjects the efficacy of tolazamide, a common sulfonylurea agent, as adjuvant therapy in combination with an appropriate diet and insulin. This regimen decreased the insulin dose while continuing to maintain adequate metabolic control, as reflected by fasting plasma glucose (FPG) less than 150 mg/dl and HbA1 levels less than 9%, and reduced number of hypoglycemic episodes to almost nil in a group of subjects with adequate metabolic control before institution of combination therapy. In subjects in whom metabolic control was inadequate (FPG greater than 150 mg/dl and HbA1 greater than 9%) with insulin alone, the adjuvant therapy with tolazamide improved or normalized hyperglycemia and HbA1. In 13 subjects in whom adequate metabolic control was achieved with combination therapy, metabolic control worsened on withdrawal of tolazamide while continuing insulin in the same dosage and adequate metabolic control promptly returned on reinstitution of combination therapy with insulin and tolazamide. In the remaining seven subjects, metabolic control remained adequate with combination therapy during the 4-10-mo follow-up period. This study therefore demonstrates that combination therapy with sulfonylurea agent and insulin may be beneficial in management of type I diabetes. Furthermore, this regimen may be helpful in prevention of extreme plasma glucose excursions observed in brittle diabetic individuals. A larger, long-term clinical trial with this regimen in type I diabetic subjects must be undertaken to establish this preliminary finding. PMID- 3902423 TI - Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion in adults: glycemic advantage is predicted by venous plasma C-peptide concentrations. AB - Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) has been compared with conventional insulin injection treatment (CIT) supplemented by self-monitoring of capillary blood glucose (SMBG) in 18 nonobese adults with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Mean daily insulin dosage and rates of hypoglycemia were similar during CSII (duration of treatment 36 +/- 2 wk mean +/- SE) and CIT (31 +/- 1.6 wk). On the basis of fasting C-peptide concentrations and postintravenous glucagon increments of less than 0.1 pmol/ml, subjects were classified C-peptide negative (CP NEG) (N = 11), or C-peptide positive (CP POS) (N = 7). Relative to CIT, CP NEG subjects on CSII had significant decreases in premeal/bedtime and postmeal plasma glucose concentrations and glycosylated hemoglobin (percent of total). CP POS patients during each of CSII and CIT showed glycemic responses equivalent to those of CP NEG patients on CSII. In neither group could results be explained on the basis of improved beta cell function. Thus, therapeutic advantage of CSII was not apparent in IDDM adults retaining significant C-peptide activity. PMID- 3902424 TI - Combined sulfonylurea and insulin therapy in insulin-dependent diabetes: research or clinical practice? PMID- 3902425 TI - Decreased serum C-peptide/insulin molar ratios after oral glucose in hyperthyroidism. PMID- 3902426 TI - Changing concepts of the epidemiology of insulin-dependent diabetes. AB - Recent epidemiologic studies of the determinants and natural history of IDDM using HLA typing and detecting islet cell antibodies have shown that HLA identical siblings of probands with IDDM are at extremely high risk of developing IDDM, and that islet cell antibodies and glucose intolerance usually appear long before clinical manifestations. Thus, the disease often has a long latent period. The epidemiologic characteristics of the disease, in particular relating to variation in age of onset and seasonal variation, must now be reinterpreted in the light of these observations. It appears that the variation in seasonal onset and the age distribution probably reflect the effects of factors that precipitate clinical manifestations of the disease rather than those that are directly responsible for initiating pancreatic beta-cell destruction. The ability to identify individuals at high risk of developing IDDM now allows investigations designed to identify factors responsible for initiating pancreatic beta-cell destruction, and many ultimately result in the application of preventive measures for the disease. PMID- 3902427 TI - Surveillance of acute complications of new therapies. AB - In its essence, surveillance is the continuous gathering, analysis, and dissemination of data to those who need to know for the purposes of disease control. To understand the complications of new therapies, data concerning the type and number of complications (numerator) and the population at risk for complications (denominator) must be gathered. Information about the expected rates of complications among comparison populations must be known to place the observed rates into perspective. Such data may be developed through active or passive reporting systems, clinic-based surveillance, follow-up of sentinel events, and registries. An investigation of mortality among users of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) pumps is used as an example. PMID- 3902428 TI - [Translocation of hydrophobized proteins (enzymes) into liposomes]. PMID- 3902429 TI - Flecainide: a new class Ic antidysrhythmic. AB - Flecainide acetate is a new orally active antidysrhythmic agent classified in the Ic category. Flecainide is effective in suppressing 88 to 100 percent of abnormal cardiac rhythms in the form of complex ventricular dysrhythmias, including couplets, ventricular tachycardia, reentrant junctional tachycardia, and Wolff Parkinson-White syndrome. Flecainide appears to have a greater effect on conduction than on repolarization and only minimal effects on hemodynamic parameters. Flecainide is rapidly and completely absorbed after oral administration and has a 13-hour elimination half-life, allowing for twice-daily dosing regimens. Flecainide is generally well tolerated, with dizziness, blurred vision, nausea, and headache the most common side effects. Flecainide has been shown to be superior to quinidine and disopyramide in suppressing ventricular ectopic activity and may be considered a first-line oral agent for this indication. It is believe that flecainide has enough therapeutic advantages to be added to drug formularies. PMID- 3902430 TI - Monooctanoin use for gallstone dissolution. AB - Monooctanoin (Capmul 8210), a digestion product of medium chain triglycerides, is a cholesterol solvent that has been used for the dissolution of retained cholesterol gallstones following cholecystectomy. Bile duct infusion of monooctanoin is associated with little toxicity, although potentially serious problems can result from absorption of the drug or tissue infiltration. Gastrointestinal side effects such as anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain have been reported most commonly. Complete gallstone dissolution has occurred in approximately 50-75 percent of patients receiving monooctanoin. Although mechanical stone removal is still considered to be the treatment of choice for retained gallstones, monooctanoin use appears promising for stone dissolution in patients in whom mechanical removal has been unsuccessful or is impossible. PMID- 3902431 TI - Review of the etiology and treatment of premenstrual syndrome. AB - Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a diagnostic enigma that causes significant morbidity in many woman. Numerous theories have been proposed in an attempt to explain the varied symptoms that occur cyclically in women with PMS. Suggested etiologic theories of PMS include psychological abnormalities, nutritional deficiencies, aberrations in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis, altered prostaglandin activity, hormonal imbalances, and changes in endogenous opioid peptide activity. Because of the lack of standardized diagnostic criteria, clinical drug trials for PMS have been severely compromised. For every proposed cause of PMS, there exists a drug or drug class that has been investigated for treatment of the associated symptoms. Many clinical studies are uncontrolled, a significant deficiency in study design for a disorder that is associated with a high placebo response rate. At the present time, no definitive treatment for PMS exists and therapy must be individualized according to clinical response. This review article defines PMS, describes one of the current approaches to the diagnostic work-up, discusses the proposed etiologies of PMS, and reviews the various proposed treatment modalities. PMID- 3902432 TI - Potential uses for metoclopramide. AB - Metoclopramide, a dopamine antagonist, is approved in the U.S. for the treatment of various gastrointestinal disorders. Its use has been investigated in a wide variety of diseases, including those not involving the intestinal tract. Although more study is required before routine clinical use of metoclopramide can be advocated, it may be effective in the treatment of tardive dyskinesia, in decreasing the risk factors associated with anesthetic-related aspiration, and as an adjunct in the treatment of gastric bezoars. It also may be used safely in patients with Parkinson's disease. The use of metoclopramide in the treatment of neurogenic bladder, orthostatic hypotension, tumor-associated gastroparesis, nonprolactinemic amenorrhea, failure to thrive, Tourette's syndrome, anorexia nervosa, and hiccups, as well as an adjunct to migraine therapy, has been investigated, but sufficient evidence has not been accumulated to advocate the use of metoclopramide in these disorders. PMID- 3902433 TI - Potential medication-related problems in noninstitutionalized elderly. AB - The extent of potential medication-related problems was examined using a thorough review of drug therapy for 53 elderly patients who averaged five chronic illnesses and who used a mean of 11 drugs. An average of 11 specific potential medication-related problems was identified for each patient. These problems fell into three broad categories: drug toxicity, physician prescribing, and patient medication behaviors. The strongest predictor of the total number of potential problems was the number of prescription medications. The type of drug therapy review used in this study can help health professionals identify and prevent the types of medication-related problems occurring in multiple medication users. PMID- 3902434 TI - [Diagnosis and classification of venous insufficiency of the leg]. PMID- 3902435 TI - [The rheologic properties of the blood during pregnancy]. PMID- 3902436 TI - [New effective therapy of systemic infection with Nocardia asteroides]. AB - A combination of amoxicillin with clavulanic acid (a beta-lactamase inhibitor) and the aminoglycoside amikacin proved effective in the treatment of advanced pulmonary nocardiosis in a 49-year-old man. The result accorded with preceding in vitro and animal experiments and justifies this combination of drugs in the treatment of nocardiosis, especially if the causative organism is N. farcinica (N. asteroides, biovariety B). PMID- 3902437 TI - [Diagnosis of stroke in young adults]. AB - 42 patients aged up to 35 years who had suffered a stroke were analysed according to etio-pathogenetic and prognostic criteria. The cause of the stroke could be explained with certainty only in ten patients and with high probability in a further eight. In a quarter of the cases the aetiology was completely obscure. Diagnostic gaps exist especially in haemostatic, virological and cardiological areas. Three patients died from the stroke. Follow-up showed that 40% of patients were able to resume their previous occupation. Relapses were observed in cases with disseminated lupus erythematosus and endocarditis. The relatively low rate of clarified cases (42%) is partly due to selection but also to the gaps in diagnostic knowledge. Accordingly, a stepwise diagnostic program was set up, based upon urgency and technical expenditure, that took into account not only the minimal needs for a sound initial diagnosis but also the extensive differential diagnoses for less common causes of stroke. PMID- 3902438 TI - [Cystadenoma and cystadenocarcinoma of the pancreas. Clinical aspects, therapy and prognosis]. AB - Cystadenoma and cystadenocarcinoma are relatively rare forms among tumors of the pancreas (10% and 1%, respectively). Imaging methods have increased the numbers diagnosed. Between 1964 and 1984 nine cystadenomas and ten cystadenocarcinomas have been observed. Correct diagnosis is often delayed until there is a palpable upper abdominal mass. Histologically there are three different forms: benign, serous cystadenoma (multicystic, with clear fluid); mucoid cystadenoma (sticky, glass-like; single cavity; potentially malignant); and cystadenocarcinoma. Treatment of choice is complete tumour resection. The prognosis is definitely better for cystadenoma than ductal adenocarcinoma. PMID- 3902439 TI - [Neurotoxicity of modern cephalosporins]. PMID- 3902440 TI - [Experiences with quarantine and chemoprophylaxis in imported parrots and parakeets in the framework of national psittacosis control]. PMID- 3902441 TI - [Scanning electron microscopy studies of the surface structure of the female genital tract of swine in the estrus stage]. PMID- 3902442 TI - [Atrophic rhinitis in swine: studies on the occurrence of toxin-producing strains of Pasteurella multocida and Bordetella bronchiseptica]. PMID- 3902443 TI - [Blood values of healthy ewes of the merino and blackhead breed during parturition (reference values)]. PMID- 3902444 TI - [The blood picture of dromedaries (Camelus dromedarius)]. PMID- 3902445 TI - [The keeping of poisonous snakes in veterinary medicine surveillance]. PMID- 3902446 TI - [Hypotrichia-hypodontia syndrome in cattle (brief report)]. PMID- 3902447 TI - [Ultrasonically-guided kidney biopsy]. PMID- 3902448 TI - Intestinal parasitoses in Kenya: a review of intestinal helminths in Kenya, 1900 1983. PMID- 3902449 TI - Continuous positive airway pressure via a single nasal catheter in preterm infants. AB - We present the results of giving continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) via a single nasal catheter to 20 preterm infants. A beneficial effect in terms of reduced work of breathing (P less than or equal to 0.01) and improved pattern of respiration (P less than or equal to 0.05) are demonstrated. CPAP via a single nasal catheter does not seem to mediate effects inside the thorax unlike CPAP delivered by a tight fitting face mask. Gross variations in CPAP level may result from altering the infant's position. PMID- 3902450 TI - Management of human and animal bite wounds. AB - One of the most common problems facing the emergency department physician is the management of bite wounds. Therapy for these common injuries is ill-defined and often controversial. This article outlines treatment guidelines for the emergency physician for dog bites, cat bites, rabies, snake bites, and human bites. PMID- 3902451 TI - Infectious diarrhea. AB - Patients presenting to the emergency department with diarrhea should be evaluated for infectious causes. Information obtained from the history and physical examination should be used in deciding whether symptomatic treatment alone is sufficient or whether the patient's stool should be examined for pathogens. Antiperistaltic agents should be used only in selected patients, usually after the results of stool cultures are known to be negative. Antibiotic administration should be based on results of stool cultures and examination for parasites. Finally, the emergency physician should be familiar with the special situations of traveler's diarrhea, food-borne illness, and sexually transmitted enteric disease. PMID- 3902452 TI - Complications of bacterial infection of the ears, paranasal sinuses, and oropharynx in adults. AB - Early recognition of potentially fatal complications of bacterial infections of the ears, sinuses, and pharynx is important for successful therapy. The clinical presentations of these infections are reviewed in this article, and the approach to initial diagnostic tests is outlined. Treatment recommendations are briefly discussed, with emphasis placed on early antibiotic therapy and indications for consultations from surgical colleagues. PMID- 3902453 TI - Pediatric infections. AB - The authors review the most commonly encountered and severe pediatric infections seen in the emergency room, concentrating on recognition and initial management of these infections. PMID- 3902454 TI - The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. AB - AIDS is an apparently new condition that first occurred in about 1979 and is manifested primarily by profound disturbances of T-cell immunity and unusual susceptibility to either opportunistic infections (mycobacterial, fungal, parasitic, or viral) or tumors such as Kaposi's sarcoma and lymphoma. A prodrome of lymphadenopathy and wasting is also part of the spectrum of disease. The etiology is unknown, but the likely candidates are viral agents. Epidemiologic studies show that the promiscuous gay male is at particular risk, but transmission by the parenteral route and/or vertical transmission has extended the risk of acquisition to other groups. A common clinical presentation of full blown AIDS is opportunistic infection of the lungs (especially with P. carinii), the central nervous system, or the gastrointestinal tract. Therapy against specific pathogens may be temporarily successful, but the course is frequently downhill, with relentless progressive or sequential infections or development of a tumor during continued immunodepression. Therapy for the immunologic abnormalities remains experimental. Control measures to prevent transmission are similar to those for hepatitis B. PMID- 3902455 TI - Sexually transmitted diseases in women. Approach to common syndromes in emergency medicine. AB - Owing both to the changing behavior of our society and to the growing awareness of the medical community, sexually transmitted diseases have become more common or more complex over the past 10 years. This article discusses the presentation and management of sexually transmitted disease emergencies and other sexually transmitted disease syndromes with which the emergency room physician is frequently confronted. PMID- 3902456 TI - Urinary tract infections and the urethral syndrome in adult women: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapy. AB - Urinary infections in adult women are extremely common. Yet, dysuria, often a symptom of these infections, can be caused by a number of genitourinary pathogens. Symptomatic urinary infections caused primarily by Escherichia coli or Staphylococcus saprophyticus are best confirmed by demonstrating the presence of 10(2) or more organisms per ml of midstream urine in quantitative cultures. Other causes of dysuria such as vaginitis and urethritis due to venereal disease should be suspected in patients with additional signs and symptoms characteristic of these infections and in young, sexually active females. Effective treatment of urinary infections is achieved with a number of antibiotics; the length of therapy is determined by the location of infection in the urinary tract. Although equal in efficacy to conventional therapy for uncomplicated lower tract infections, single-dose therapy of dysuric women should be limited to patients for whom adequate follow-up can be insured. PMID- 3902457 TI - Acute postpartum infections. AB - Acute infection is a common occurrence following delivery. This article presents guidelines for prompt and accurate diagnosis and appropriate therapy for uterine infection, pelvic thrombophlebitis, wound infections, urinary tract infection, breast infection, episiotomy infection, and pudendal infection. PMID- 3902458 TI - Sun-induced disorders. AB - Photosensitivity diseases frequently occur as a result of sun exposure in individuals with inherited and acquired disorders. Several of these disorders may manifest acute cutaneous manifestations that bring the patient to the emergency room. The more common disorders that may be seen in this setting include sunburn, lupus erythematosus, porphyria, photosensitivity dermatitis, and polymorphous light eruption. The diagnosis can frequently be suspected on the basis of a careful history and physical examination. Specialized diagnostic procedures available to the dermatologist may assist in making the correct diagnosis. Effective treatment is available for many of these disorders. PMID- 3902459 TI - Sexually transmitted diseases. AB - This article summarizes the major sexually transmitted diseases with an emphasis on diagnosis, therapy, and follow-up. Topics included are syphilis, gonorrhea, herpes genitalis, nongonococcal urethritis, lymphogranuloma venereum, granuloma inguinale, chancroid, condyloma acuminatum, molluscum contagiosum, and venereally transmitted gastrointestinal disease. PMID- 3902460 TI - Prediction of mortality at endoscopy in bleeding peptic ulcer disease. AB - One hundred and forty two patients with bleeding peptic ulcers underwent emergency endoscopy. Seventy six had endoscopic stigmata of haemorrhage and nine subsequently died. There were no deaths amongst sixty six patients without stigmata (p less than 0.02). Patients with stigmata were also significantly more likely to experience further bleeding (p less than 0.001) and to require emergency operations (p less than 0.01). Excess risk attached to those with bleeding at the time of endoscopy and those with visible vessels or clot adherent to the ulcer but not to patients with staining of the ulcer base. Patients without stigmata or with staining alone should be managed conservatively. Clinical trials in bleeding peptic ulcer disease should only include patients in the high risk group. PMID- 3902461 TI - Niridazole: Evidence for promutagenic events involving guanine-cytosine and adenine-thymine base pairs. AB - Niridazole, a widely used antiprotozoan agent, is mutagenic for Salmonella typhimurium strains that contain guanine-cytosine as well as adenine-thymine base pairs at their mutational sites. The mutagenic activity for both types of targets depends upon nitroreduction. PMID- 3902462 TI - The metabolic activation of 4,4'-methylene-bis-(2-chlorobenzeneamine) to a bacterial mutagen by hepatic postmitochondrial supernatant from human and other species. AB - 4,4'-Methylene-bis-(2-chlorobenzeneamine) (MbOCA) is a commercially important industrial chemical that is carcinogenic in three animal species and mutagenic in the Ames test. The ability of hepatic postmitochondrial supernatant from humans, dogs, mice, and rats to activate MbOCA to a bacterial mutagen has been investigated using the Ames plate incorporation test and a bacterial fluctuation test. In the Ames plate test, hepatic S9 preparations from mice and Aroclor 1254 induced rats only were sufficiently active to produce a significant mutagenic response. Preincubation of MbOCA with S9 from human liver produced a slight increase in the number of revertants but not a doubling as compared to controls. However, using the more sensitive bacterial fluctuation test, liver S9 from all species activated MbOCA to a bacterial mutagen. The responses produced were dose related and, for at least part of the dose range, were double the background levels observed in controls. The increases in the mutagenicity of MbOCA produced by liver S9 from humans, dogs, and rats were significant at the 0.1% level of probability. Liver S9 preparations from all species in which MbOCA is carcinogenic have now been demonstrated to be capable of activating this compound to a bacterial mutagen. The finding that S9 from human liver can also activate MbOCA to a mutagen increases the concern that it may be a human carcinogen. PMID- 3902463 TI - Evaluation of laser dye mutagenicity using the Ames/Salmonella microsome test. AB - Twenty-five laser dyes and four analogs were tested for mutagenicity in the Ames/Salmonella test. Seven dyes and two analogs gave positive mutagenic responses with bacterial strains TA1538 and TA98. Of two widely used families of laser dyes (coumarins and rhodamines), four coumarin samples, but none of the rhodamine samples, were mutagenic. All mutagenic compounds require enzyme activation for positive response except two terphenyl analogs, which are mutagenic with or without activation. Using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), it was determined that five mutagenic dye samples had multiple components. The dyes themselves may not be the mutagenic agents in all cases (as with Nile Blue) but may contain impurities that are mutagenic. One dye, adicyanomethylene (DCM) (greater than or equal to 95% pure), was mutagenic at doses below 0.5 micrograms/plate on strains TA1538 and TA98. DCM also induced reversions in strains TA96, TA97, TA100, TA102, and TA104, although less efficiently. This study indicates the need for further toxicological testing of these types of compounds. The mutagenic components of these dye mixtures, whether it is the dye or a contaminant, presents a possible hazard to those handling them. Therefore, practices and procedures for the safe handling of specific dyes should be reviewed in light of these findings. PMID- 3902464 TI - Comparisons of mutation induction by six monocyclic aromatic amines in Salmonella typhimurium tester strains TA97, TA1537, and TA1538. AB - The mutagenicity of six monocyclic aromatic amines (2,4-diaminoanisole, 2,4 diaminoethoxybenzene, 2,4-diaminopropoxybenzene, m-phenylenediamine, 2,4 diaminotoluene, and nitro-p-phenylenediamine) was investigated in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA97, TA1537, and TA1538 in the presence of two different amounts of Aroclor 1254-induced S9 preparations. Strain TA1538 was found to be the most responsive of the three strains with this group of compounds. Regarding the other strains, TA1537 responded to three of the compounds better than strain TA97, if one calculates responsiveness as the fold-increase in numbers of revertants per plate. However, if one calculates the number of revertants per nanomole or compares the number of induced revertants per plate, TA97 was more responsive than TA1537 for all six compounds. Comparisons of mutagenesis from tests involving strain TA97 are complicated by the large variations in spontaneous mutation frequencies in this strain. The amount of S9 per plate is another important variable in tests of monocyclic aromatic amines; in general, more revertants are detected when the S9 mix contains 10% S9 than when it contains 4% S9. Nevertheless, in all our tests of 2,4-diaminoanisole, 2,4 diaminoethoxybenzene, and 2,4-diaminopropoxybenzene, the same relationship between chemical structure and mutagenic activity was observed. In all three strains, the mutagenic responses become less when the alkoxy substituent on the molecule becomes larger. PMID- 3902465 TI - Protein pyrolysate products. AB - Diet and nutrition may be responsible for 60% of the total cancer incidence for women and greater than 40% for men. Fat, animal protein, and meat consumption are highly correlated with colon cancer incidence. The charcoal broiling of meat and fish yield mutagenic substances. Many findings support the hypothesis that the predominant mutagens are formed by the Maillard reaction. A number of mutagenic compounds have been identified both from cooked foods and from protein pyrolysates. The identified compounds are N-heterocyclic primary amine derivatives of either carbolines, imidazoquinolines, or imidazoquinoxalines. The carboline-type mutagens are structurally related to the known carcinogens 2 acetylaminofluorene (AAF) and 2-aminofluorene (AF), while the imidazoquinoline and imidazoquinoxaline types are believed to resemble 3,2'-dimethyl-4 aminobiphenyl (DMAB). Studies support the theory that these compounds require metabolic activation and are carcinogenic. The major metabolites of several compounds have been identified as the N-hydroxy derivatives. DNA binding was found to be a necessary but not a sufficient condition for mutagenesis. The modified base products have been identified as C-8-guanyl derivatives, resembling adducts formed by the carcinogenic aromatic amines. PMID- 3902467 TI - Use of ultrasound echography for the differential diagnosis of a granulosa cell tumour in a mare. PMID- 3902466 TI - Immunoassay of DNA modified by ultraviolet radiation: a review. PMID- 3902468 TI - pH-dependent membrane fusion is promoted by various colicins. AB - The ability of colicin A, a bacteriocin produced by some Enterobacteriaceae, to fuse phospholipid vesicles at acidic pH, was demonstrated by electron microscopy and resonance energy transfer. The fusion depends on protein concentration and on the nature of the phospholipids. Vesicles, prepared from Escherichia coli phospholipids, fused one or more rounds at pH 4.5 upon addition of stoichiometric amounts of colicin A. Fusion was not only induced by pore-forming colicins (E1, K) but also by colicins that contain nuclease activities (E2, E3). By recombinant DNA technology it is shown that the first glycine-rich 70 NH2-terminal amino acids and, most probably, the extreme COOH-terminal end of colicin A are involved in the fusion activity of the protein. The physiological relevance of this property of colicins is discussed. PMID- 3902469 TI - Laminin-immunoreactive glia distinguish regenerative adult CNS systems from non regenerative ones. AB - Most regions of the adult mammalian central nervous system (CNS) do not support axonal growth and regeneration. Laminin, expressed by cultured astrocytes and known to promote neurite outgrowth of cultured neurons, is normally present in brain basement membranes, and only transiently induced in adult brain astrocytes by injury. Here I provide three lines of evidence which suggest that the continued expression of laminin by astrocytes may be a prerequisite for axonal growth and regeneration in adult CNS. Firstly, laminin is continuously present in astrocytes of adult rat olfactory bulb apparently in close association with the olfactory nerve axons. Secondly, laminin is continuously expressed by astrocytes in adult frog brain, and sectioning of the optic tract further increases laminin immunoreactivity in astrocytes of the optic tectum during the period of axonal regeneration. Lastly, laminin appears normally in astrocytes of the frog and goldfish optic nerves which regenerate, but not in astrocytes of the rat or chick optic nerves which do not regenerate. The selective association of laminin with axons that undergo growth and regeneration in vivo is consistent with the possibility that astrocytic laminin provides these central nervous systems with their regenerative potential. PMID- 3902470 TI - Recombinant murine GM-CSF from E. coli has biological activity and is neutralized by a specific antiserum. AB - We report the production and characterization of a mouse granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (mGM-CSF) made in Escherichia coli. The synthesis of mGM-CSF was directed by a plasmid containing a gene isolated from the EL-4 cell line. After induction of expression and accumulation of the protein in E. coli, mGM-CSF accounted for 10% of total cellular protein. This recombinant mGM-CSF was purified to 90% homogeneity by chaotrope extraction and gel filtration. Recombinant mGM-CSF, like the native molecule, stimulates the growth of granulocyte and macrophage colonies in serum-free cultures of mouse bone marrow cells. Antibodies raised against recombinant mGM-CSF not only reacted with the recombinant protein but also neutralized the biological activity of both native and recombinant mGM-CSF. These results indicate that the functional structure of the recombinant protein is similar to that of native mGM-CSF. PMID- 3902472 TI - Effects of alterations in the 3' flanking sequence on in vivo and in vitro expression of the yeast SUP4-o tRNATyr gene. AB - The SUP4-o gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae codes for an altered tRNATyr capable of suppressing ochre mutations. We constructed mutant SUP4-o genes with deletions in the 3'-flanking sequence and tested each for its ability to suppress ochre mutations in transformed yeast cells. The effects of the different 3' deletions on various aspects of in vitro transcription and RNA processing were also determined, using a yeast cell-free extract. Deletions that leave five or fewer consecutive T residues in the 3'-flanking sequence of SUP4-o were found to result in decreased efficiency of transcription termination, both in vitro and in vivo. Unexpectedly, the suppression strength of each mutant SUP4-o gene is highly correlated with the relative extent of transcription termination at the 3' end of the gene. This result indicates that SUP4-o readthrough transcripts are not efficiently processed to functional suppressor tRNA in yeast cells. Deletions that extend into the T cluster in the 3'-flanking sequence also significantly decrease the ability of SUP4-o to compete for a transcription factor that is limiting in our extracts. This latter finding implies that the 3'-flanking sequence of SUP4 plays a role in transcription factor binding. PMID- 3902471 TI - In vivo modulation of yeast tRNA gene expression by 5'-flanking sequences. AB - A pentadecanucleotide sequence, TTTCAACAAATAAGT, contiguous with the 5'-end of Saccharomyces cerevisiae tRNA-Leu3 coding sequence acts as a positive modulator of transcription in a homologous in vitro system. To determine whether modulation also takes place in vivo, the amber suppressor forms of tRNA-Leu3 genes with different 5'-flanking sequences were generated by site-specific mutagenesis and cloned into YCp19, a yeast vector maintained at 1-2 copies per cell. These plasmids were transformed into S. cerevisiae strains marked with amber mutations lys2-801, met8-1, and tyr7-1. The ability of the tRNA-Leu3 amber suppressor genes (tDNA-Leu3A) to suppress functionally lys2-801 and tyr7-1 mutations in the yeast host strain correlated well with template activities measured in vitro. We conclude that the plasmid-borne tRNA gene acts as an effective suppressor from the plasmid and the conserved pentadecanucleotide sequence modulated the expression of yeast tRNA-Leu3 in vivo as well as in vitro. This regulatory sequence if found associated with genes coding for a number of tRNAs which are abundant in yeast. We postulate that this sequence represents a mechanism by which production of specific tRNAs can be enhanced to match demand created by codon use preferences. PMID- 3902473 TI - Complete amino acid sequence of flavocytochrome b2 from baker's yeast. AB - Each subunit of baker's yeast flavocytochrome b2 can be selectively cleaved by proteases into two fragments, amino-terminal fragment alpha and carboxy-terminal fragment beta. The primary structure of the former has been reported before [Ghrir, B., Becam, A. M. & Lederer, F. (1984) Eur. J. Biochem. 139, 59-74]. The amino acid sequence of the 197-residue fragment beta has now been established. The fragment was cleaved with cyanogen bromide; the three peptides thus obtained were submitted to digestions with Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease, chymotrypsin and trypsin, sometimes after succinylation. The complete fragment was also submitted to tryptic cleavage after citraconylation. Peptides were separated by thin-layer finger-printing or high-pressure liquid chromatography. They were mostly sequenced in a liquid-phase sequenator. The 511-residue amino acid sequence of the mature protein is thus completely established. Secondary structure predictions indicate an alternation of helical and extended structure, with a higher percentage of the former. Comparisons with other flavoproteins do not detect any significant sequence similarity. PMID- 3902474 TI - Weakly basic amines inhibit the proteolytic conversion of proalbumin to serum albumin in cultured rat hepatocytes. AB - Effects of weak amines on the proteolytic conversion of proalbumin to serum albumin were studied in primary culture of rat hepatocytes. In control culture proalbumin was converted to serum albumin before discharge into the medium. However, in the presence of chloroquine the conversion to serum albumin was inhibited and proalbumin per se was released into medium. A similar inhibition of the processing was also observed in the presence of other amines such as methylamine and NH4Cl. Thus weak amines mimic the carboxylic ionophore monensin with regard to the effect on proalbumin conversion [Oda & Ikehara (1982) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 105, 766-772]. Since proteolytic conversion of proalbumin is believed to occur at the Golgi complex, these results suggest that weakly basic amines perturb the Golgi complex in addition to lysosomes and endosomes. PMID- 3902475 TI - Total body and serum electrolyte composition in heart failure: the effects of captopril. AB - We compared the long-term effects of captopril and placebo on patients with heart failure in a double blind crossover fashion. Serum and total body electrolytes were measured and the response to 6 week periods of treatment with captopril determined. During the placebo phase of the study, total body potassium was low at 92 +/- 14% of predicted normal (P less than 0.05) and total body sodium was high at 104 + 7% of predicted normal (P less than 0.05). Total body chlorine did not differ from predicted normal (99 + 12%). In those patients with active plasma renin concentrations above the normal range (greater than 50 microU ml-1) total body potassium was even more markedly deplete (85 + 13% of predicted normal). This group was also characterized by lower serum potassium and sodium concentrations and lower blood pressure. Total body potassium increased significantly on captopril, and the rise was greatest in those with the highest plasma renin concentrations during the placebo phase of the study. However, captopril had no significant effect on total body sodium and chlorine or weight indicating that no long-term natriuresis had occurred. PMID- 3902476 TI - Primary choriocarcinoma of the fallopian tube: report of a case. AB - A case of the relatively rare condition of a choriocarcinoma in the fallopian tube is presented. The patient apparently recovered completely and quantitative beta hCG assay demonstrated negative results after TAHBSO and adjuvant chemotherapy. This brings the total cases reported to 77. PMID- 3902477 TI - Gastro-oesophageal reflux--pathogenesis and clinical implications. AB - Gastro-oesophageal reflux is a common phenomenon in young infants. Normally it will disappear during the first months of life. The most important antireflux mechanism is the lower oesophageal sphincter (LOS). Another main factor to prevent reflux is an adequate oesophageal clearance. The significance of the upper oesophageal sphincter (UOS) and gastric emptying as antireflux barriers has yet to be clarified. Primary or secondary impairment of physiological antireflux factors may lead to a considerable number of clinical complications. PMID- 3902478 TI - Comparison of the antibacterial effect of uroepithelial cells from healthy donors and children with asymptomatic bacteriuria. AB - Bacterial attachment to uroepithelial cells (UEC) and the effect of UEC on bacterial growth was investigated in 15 healthy persons and 12 patients suffering from asymptomatic bacteriuria (ABU) with recurrent urinary tract infections (UTI). Desquamated UEC and mannose-resistant Escherichia coli were co-cultivated for up to 90 min. While no difference in bacterial adherence was observed between healthy controls and patients, 33.4% of the bacteria attached to normal UEC were found to be dead under microscopic evaluation (acridine orange staining), whereas no killing effect could be observed in patients' UEC 5 min after the onset of incubation. This phenomenon was confirmed by investigating the E. coli growth rate in the presence of UEC, measured by counting bacterial colony forming units (CFU) on agar plates. While E. coli showed exponential growth in RPMI medium, the addition of normal UEC suppressed bacterial growth (P less than 0.01). UEC from patients with ABU, however, did not show this effect. It has been concluded that bacterial adhesion may initiate an epithelial defence function, present in healthy controls and lacking in ABU patients. PMID- 3902479 TI - Sjogren's syndrome in a child. AB - Sjogren's syndrome is a relatively uncommon condition in the paediatric age group. The youngest child reported thus far was a 5-year-old girl. This article reports the case of a 2-year-old girl admitted for recurrent infections of the respiratory tract with diffuse pulmonary interstitial infiltrations and a progressive swelling of the parotid glands. The clinical features and the results of laboratory investigations, including parotid and hepatic biopsies, chest X rays and sialography helped to establish the diagnosis of Sjogren's syndrome. Clinical, immunological and genetic characteristics of Sjogren's syndrome are reviewed. PMID- 3902480 TI - Effects of GM1 ganglioside in cerebrovascular diseases: a double-blind trial in 40 cases. AB - A randomized, double-blind trial on the effects of GM1 ganglioside in cerebrovascular diseases was done on 40 patients; the treatment (40 mg/day i.m. injection) began after the acute phase and lasted 6 weeks. 18 cases took the drug and 16 the placebo. The evaluation of the cases was made by graduating the severity of the clinical signs, and some neurophysiological and morphological parameters, i.e., EEGs, flash-evoked potentials and computer tomography scans. We found that the drug, in comparison with the placebo treatment, improved the clinical signs and also the neurophysiological parameters, whereas it was ineffective for the morphological damage. These data seem of some interest in relation to the action of GM1 ganglioside in the processes of neurotransmission and neuronal plasticity as described in the experimental animal. PMID- 3902481 TI - Decreased clearance of Escherichia coli from the bile in rats with obstructive jaundice. AB - Clearance of Escherichia coli from the bile was studied in 4 normal Sprague Dawley rats and 4 rats with 3 weeks of obstruction of the common bile duct. 125I radiolabelled heat-killed E. coli were injected into the common bile duct and the radioactivity of the bile monitored for 2 h. The radioactivity declined exponentially during the first 10 min. Bile samples collected from 2 to 15 min after injection showed higher amounts of radioactivity in all rats with biliary obstruction than in the normal rats. However, the clearance rate was higher in normal than in obstructed rats (p less than 0.05). It was, therefore, concluded that the bacteria were cleared off the bile rapidly in normal rats by the function of a liver and/or a biliary tree. The present data, concerning the kinetic study of bacterial clearance from the biliary tract, indicates that the impaired clearance of bacteria in chronic biliary obstruction might be crucial for the development of biliary sepsis. PMID- 3902482 TI - Evaluation of the effect of atenolol on the reaction time of healthy volunteers. AB - The effect of atenolol on visual reaction time was tested in 30 healthy subjects in a between-subject double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Visual reaction time was defined as the time between the display of a light signal and its extinction by the subject. Acute or chronic administration of atenolol had no effect on visual reaction time when compared with placebo. PMID- 3902483 TI - Lysis of hybridoma cells bearing anti-clonotypic surface immunoglobulin by clonotype-expressing alloreactive cytotoxic T cells. AB - A B cell hybridoma (Desire-1) was derived which secreted and expressed at its cell surface immunoglobulin (Ig) specific for the antigen-specific T cell receptor (Ti) of an H-2Kb-specific alloreactive cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) clone (KB5-C20). It was found that the CTL clone could lyse hybridoma Desire-1, whereas it could not lyse hybridoma which expressed surface Ig (sIg) binding to other cell surface structures of clone KB5-C20 such as the H-2Kk molecule. Blocking of CTL-target cell interactions using monoclonal antibodies (mAb) indicated that the CTL-target cell interaction was inhibited with appropriate anti-H-2 mAb and by anti-Lyt-2 mAb when CTL-H-2Kb interaction was involved but not when CTL-sIg interaction was involved. The two types of interactions were inhibited by anti-LFA-1 mAb. The involvement of the CTL-Ti structure was necessary to obtain a lytic interaction between CTL and target cells, but a major histocompatibility complex product on the target cells did not need to be involved. Comparison of CTL-target cell inhibition with cold target cells or with anti-clonotypic mAb indicated that the Ti-sIg cellular interaction was of much higher apparent affinity than the Ti-H-2Kb cellular interaction. These results further suggest potential regulatory effects of CTL-B cell cross-idiotypic interactions. PMID- 3902484 TI - Insulin binding on erythrocytes in unsatisfactorily controlled obese diabetics (type 2) and nonobese diabetics (type 1). AB - Insulin binding to receptors on erythrocytes was studied in 2 groups of poorly controlled diabetics, i.e. a) 9 noninsulin dependent obese diabetics, b) 8 insulin-dependent nonobese diabetics, and in a group of 10 nondiabetic control subjects. The mean binding value in obese diabetics-type 2 was significantly lower than in controls (4.5 +/- 0.4% vers. 7.3 +/- 0.4%), the difference between the control mean value and the mean value in diabetics-type 1 (6.3 +/- 0.8%) was not statistically significant. Compared with the controls, lower numbers of insulin receptors per cell were found in both groups of diabetics (162 +/- 9 vers. 60 +/- 13 and 88 +/- 13, resp.). The lower number of receptors in diabetics type 1 seems to be counterbalanced, at least partly, by their higher affinity. PMID- 3902485 TI - The effect of potassium, calcium and magnesium concentration on insulin and glucagon secretion of the perfused dog pancreas. AB - The effect of different potassium, calcium and magnesium concentrations in the perfusate on the hormone secretion of the isolated dog pancreas was investigated. A potassium concentration above 15 mMol/l shortly stimulates the insulin and glucagon secretion. Potassium ions (greater than or equal to 15 mMol/l) completely inhibit the early phase of glucose-induced insulin release. At a low Ca2+-level (0.25 mMol/l) the glucose-stimulated insulin secretion is reduced to basal values. On the other hand, the glucagon release is stimulated under these conditions. An increase of magnesium ions from 1.0 mMol/l to 2.5-7.5 mMol/l strikingly inhibits insulin and glucagon release by approximately 50%, which is compensated for insulin by increasing the Ca2+-content of the medium. Perfusates for normothermic pancreas perfusion should contain electrolyte concentrations within the physiological range. PMID- 3902486 TI - Morphological changes in newborn pigs of alloxan diabetic sows. AB - We compared morphologically newborn piglets of alloxan diabetic sows with those of control animals. There were no histochemically detectable marked differences between the two groups investigated. In particular no differences in glycogen content of the liver and heart were observed. In all cases the endocrine pancreas was immature with sporadic formation of islet structures. In both groups we were able to demonstrate A- and B-cells immunohistochemically but not a hyperplasia of the B-cell system. The results obtained correlate with the absence of hyperinsulinaemia in newborn pigs of alloxan diabetic sows. We were unable to demonstrate the morphological background or cause of the diminished glucose induced insulin release in case of alloxan diabetes as was found in 8-day old piglets. Therefore, the changes in newborn pigs of alloxan diabetic sows do not correlate with those in diabetic fetopathy in human beings. PMID- 3902487 TI - Clinical and experimental investigations of vasopressin secretion in acute porphyrias. AB - In 41 patients suffering from acute hepatic porphyrias the arginin-vasopressin (AVP) levels in their urine were measured by RIA. In 6 patients, AVP secretion was normal; in 8 cases AVP levels were significantly elevated, while 27 cases showed decreased levels of AVP (p less than 0.001). A linear correlation between AVP secretion and urine volume was not found. In animal experiments, 20 rats were treated with delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), (1.5 mmol/kg/24 h and 1.5 mmol/kg/48 h) for 4 weeks. Afterwards vasopressin production in the hypothalamo hypophyseal system was analysed by the immunoperoxidase technique and a microdensitometric method. In ALA-treated animals, AVP positive neurones showed coarse-grained granules of different intensity and a distinct increase of peroxidase positive granules in the zona interna of the eminentia mediana. Furthermore, in comparison with the control group in ALA-treated animals the mean diameter of nuclei in AVP positive neurons was greater. While animals treated daily showed an increase of transmission in the pituitary, microdensitometric findings in animals treated at 48 hourly intervals showed an equal transmission in AVP producing nuclei compared to the control group. Our results seem to point to a toxic effect of porphyrin precursors on the CNS, which may also induce via hypothalamus lesion either diabetes insipidus or a SIADH-syndrome. PMID- 3902488 TI - Expression of cell adhesion molecules during embryogenesis and regeneration. PMID- 3902489 TI - Nuclear localization of a lactic dehydrogenase with single-stranded DNA-binding properties. AB - In the preceding article [1] we identified the 34 kD single-stranded DNA-binding (ssb) protein, whose synthesis is inhibited in PC12 cells concomitantly with nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced mitotic arrest, with the enzyme lactic dehydrogenase (LDH-ssb protein). Localization studies performed with antibodies raised against the LDH-ssb protein demonstrate the presence of a pool of this protein in the nucleus of several cell types. The nuclear association of this protein is sensitive to DNase treatment of the cells and quantitative electron microscopy confirms that the LDH-ssb protein is located close to chromatin structures. These results point to a possible involvement of the LDH-ssb protein in some nuclear function(s). PMID- 3902490 TI - Elimination of mycoplasmas from cell cultures utilizing hyperimmune sera. AB - Eighteen cell lines contaminated with various mycoplasmas have been treated with hyperimmune sera and mycoplasmas have been eradicated from all. After treatment the cell lines have been observed for a least one year and they are still free from mycoplasma contamination as ascertained by four independent mycoplasma detection assays. The hyperimmune sera used were of high titer, type-specific and growth-inhibiting. These sera were produced by immunization of rabbits with purified membranes from Mycoplasma orale, M. arginini, M. hominis, M. fermentans, M. hyorhinis and Acholeplasma laidlawii. In addition to elimination of mycoplasmas from cell cultures we have successfully used these sera for detection and typing of mycoplasma contamination in cell cultures. PMID- 3902491 TI - Epidemiology of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). PMID- 3902492 TI - Epidemiology of schizophrenia. PMID- 3902493 TI - Epidemiology in the United States after World War II: the evolution of technique. PMID- 3902494 TI - Epidemiology of osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures. PMID- 3902495 TI - Epidemiology of cancer in children. AB - The epidemiologic features of cancers among children have stimulated abundant descriptive and analytic investigation. The descriptive work has demonstrated consistent differences in the incidence rates of these cancers by anatomic site, age, race, and gender. It is clear that the various forms of cancer during childhood have distinctive patterns of occurrence. To a large extent, the characteristic population distributions of these diseases may represent differences in the underlying etiologic processes. Analytic studies of cancer during childhood have addressed possible genetic and environmental risk factors for these diseases. Single gene mutations, as manifested through autosomal recessive or dominant inheritance, have been shown to predispose to cancers of children. Some of the children affected by these syndromes also exhibit specific chromosomal abnormalities. The demonstration of cancers induced by transplacental exposure to diethylstilbestrol has confirmed the speculation that the prenatal environment may influence subsequent carcinogenesis. Although possible leukemogenic effects of intrauterine diagnostic irradiation remain controversial, the issue may become unimportant clinically as prenatal irradiation is replaced by other diagnostic modalities (194). To date, studies of prenatal ultrasound have provided no evidence of an overall excess of subsequent malignancies. Postnatal exposure to high doses of irradiation is known to produce considerable excesses of leukemias and other cancers. At present, there are insufficient data available to reach a firm conclusion on the possible carcinogenic effects of exposure during childhood to low doses of irradiation, fringe magnetic fields, or chemicals. The evaluation of parental occupations as risk factors for cancer in children will require more detailed characterization of the timing, duration, and intensity of exposures. The many unresolved questions about the epidemiology of cancer in children will provide challenging areas for future investigation. In contemplating such research, care must be taken to avoid the shortcomings of earlier studies. As a general rule, because of sample size limitations, the unconfirmed risk factors for cancer in children are those with threefold excess risk or less. Therefore, it is essential that future investigations have sufficient statistical power to detect even modest associations. That is, studies with small sample sizes, which are likely to lead to inconclusive results on these putative risk factors, should be avoided. There are several possible resources available for conducting large epidemiological studies of cancer in children.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3902496 TI - Marrow transplantation for treatment of pregnancy-associated aplastic anemia. AB - This report describes the results of marrow transplantation in four patients with aplastic anemia during the last trimester of their pregnancies. All patients were treated with supportive care until delivery. Because of persistent severe aplasia, marrow transplantation was then performed 1.6-11.0 months postpartum. Marrow donors were HLA-identical siblings. Although all were at increased risk for graft rejection because of their pregnancies as well as their long transfusion histories, two patients were successfully engrafted and now survive 12 and 95 months after transplant. The other two patients rejected their grafts despite attempts at second or third marrow infusions. Both died of infectious complications, 42 and 111 days after transplant. PMID- 3902497 TI - Role of T cells in sex differences in syngeneic bone marrow transfers. AB - Transferred marrow cells will proliferate in normal mice not exposed to irradiation or any other type of stem cell depletion when five consecutive transfers of 40 million cells are given. Approximately 25% of the mitotic cells are of male donor origin observed cytogenetically in all of the female recipient spleens and marrow analyzed from two weeks to one and one-half years after transfusions. Male donor stem cells are accepted and form a stable component of the self-renewing stem cell pool. In contrast, only 5% female cells are found in male recipients. This sex difference in engraftment is not hormonal since castration of recipients does not alter the percentage of donor cells. Rigorous T depletion of female donor bone marrow, however, increases the percentage of donor engraftment to the level observed when male marrow, either whole or T depleted, is transferred to female recipients. The success of T-depleted female stem cells to seed male recipients is observed in both C57BL/6, a responder strain in which females readily respond to the H-Y antigen as manifest by skin graft rejection, and CBA/J, a strain in which females do not readily respond to H-Y. In addition, recipient nude BALB/c males, which lack a thymus, fail to accept whole bone marrow from BALB/c females. However, male bone marrow cells seed BALB/c nude females. These studies demonstrate that the poor engraftment of female cells in transfused male recipients is abrogated by the removal of T cells from the donor female marrow. PMID- 3902498 TI - Oxitropium, salbutamol and their combination in asthma. AB - Oxitropium bromide is an anticholinergic bronchodilator. In a randomized, controlled, single-dose study with 12 asthmatics we compared 2 metered aerosol doses of salbutamol (200 micrograms and 400 micrograms) with oxitropium bromide (200 micrograms), and the combination of oxitropium bromide (200 micrograms) and salbutamol (200 micrograms). Salbutamol acted more rapidly than oxitropium. There were no differences between the two drugs at 360 min. The combination of both drugs produced a better response than the individual drugs alone, but salbutamol in a dose of 400 micrograms caused the best response throughout the whole follow up. PMID- 3902500 TI - Effects of Ca2+ and a phorbol ester on insulin secretion from islets of Langerhans permeabilised by high-voltage discharge. AB - Isolated rat islets of Langerhans permeabilised by high-voltage discharge secreted insulin in response to elevations in Ca2+ over the range 100 nM to 10 microM Ca2+. The phorbol ester, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA), had no effects on insulin secretion in the absence of Ca2+. In the presence of Ca2+ concentrations of greater than 10 nM, TPA produced dose-related shifts in the Ca2+-activation curve to lower Ca2+ concentrations, together with marked increases in the maximum secretory response to Ca2+. These results suggest that, in islets, the activation of protein kinase C is important in modulating both the sensitivity of the exocytotic mechanism to intracellular Ca2+, and the magnitude of the insulin secretory response. PMID- 3902499 TI - A pharmacological characterization of chloride- and potassium-dependent inhibitions in the CA3 region of the rat hippocampus in vitro. AB - Population spikes evoked in CA3 pyramidal cells of rat hippocampal slices by stimulation of the fimbria are subject to an early and a late inhibition following activation of the perforant path or the mossy fibres. The early inhibition is known to be GABA-mediated, and is blocked by addition of bicuculline to the superfusing medium; however the late inhibition is bicuculline insensitive. Both inhibitions are reduced by the addition of (+/-)-baclofen or noradrenaline to the medium; the early inhibition only is blocked by D-Ala-D-Leu enkephalinamide while the late inhibition is preferentially reduced by kainate. These data together with the results in the preceding paper suggest that both inhibitions are synaptically mediated, possibly by two distinct types of interneurone, one GABAergic and a second which may release an unidentified transmitter. PMID- 3902501 TI - Genealogy of mammalian cysteine proteinase inhibitors. Common evolutionary origin of stefins, cystatins and kininogens. AB - A model for the evolution of mammalian cysteine proteinase inhibitors has been constructed on the basis of sequence homology. This model suggests that the diversity of cysteine proteinase inhibitors has evolved from two ancestral units forming the building blocks of stefin and cystatin. Gene triplication of the archetypal inhibitor generated the kininogen heavy chain which contains three cystatin-like copies. Hence, the superfamily of mammalian cysteine proteinase inhibitors is constituted by at least three distinct families, with stefin, cystatin and kininogen as their prototypes. PMID- 3902502 TI - Urea-gradient gel electrophoresis studies on the association of procarboxypeptidases A and B, proproteinase E, and their tryptic activation products. AB - Monomeric procarboxypeptidase A (PCPA) and isolated proproteinase E (PPE), both from pig pancreas, were shown by means of electrophoresis on transverse urea gradients (0-9 M) to form a very stable complex, identical to their natural binary complex. Although the complex is maintained by the interaction of both active regions, the activation segment of PCPA participates directly in the binding. Procarboxypeptidase B (PCPB) also associates with PPE, but in this case the complex shows low stability. In contrast with carboxypeptidases A that strongly bind to their corresponding severed activation segments, no interaction was observed between carboxypeptidase B and its severed activation segment. The above results give some insight into several characteristics of the structure and activation properties of pancreatic PCPA and PCPB. PMID- 3902503 TI - Identification of proline carrier in Escherichia coli K-12. AB - Proline carrier, a product of the putP gene of Escherichia coli, was identified as a 35 kDa cytoplasmic membrane protein by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Its identification was based on the following evidence: First, the density of the band corresponding to a 35 kDa protein correlated with the proline-binding activity of cytoplasmic membranes from putP deficient and putP-amplified strains. Second, by the differential labeling method, the 35 kDa protein was specifically labeled with radioactive N-ethyl maleimide. The 35 kDa protein was found to aggregate on heat treatment and to show abnormal mobility on SDS-PAGE. PMID- 3902504 TI - Interaction of methionine-specific tRNAs from Escherichia coli with immobilized elongation factor Tu. AB - The interaction of three different Met-tRNAsMet from E. coli with bacterial elongation factor (EF) Tu X GTP was investigated by affinity chromatography. Met tRNAfMet which lacks the base pair at the end of the acceptor stem binds only weakly to EF-Tu X GTP, while Met-tRNAmMet has a high affinity for the elongation factor. A modified Met-tRNAfMet which has a C1-G72 base pair binds much more strongly to immobilized EF-Tu X GTP than the native aminoacyl(aa)-tRNA with non base-paired C1A72 at this position, demonstrating that the base pair including the first nucleotide in the tRNA is one of the essential structural requirements for the aa-tRNA X EF-Tu X GTP ternary complex formation. PMID- 3902505 TI - Effect of streptomycin on the stoichiometry of GTP hydrolysis in a poly(U) dependent cell-free translation system. AB - The technique of Sepharose-bound template translation has been used to estimate the stoichiometry of GTP hydrolysis during peptide elongation in the presence of streptomycin. The presence of streptomycin has been shown to have no great effect on the elongation rate and the stoichiometry of GTP hydrolysis during codon specific peptide elongation in the poly(U)-directed translation system: the molar ratio of hydrolysed GTP to incorporated phenylalanine was about 2. At the same time streptomycin exerted a significant effect during misreading when a ribosome bound peptide in the poly(U)-programmed system was elongated by leucine or isoleucine residues: the miselongation was stimulated and hence the ratio of hydrolysed GTP per peptide bond was strongly reduced, as compared with the excessive GTP hydrolysis which is characteristic of the misreading system in the absence of streptomycin [(1984) FEBS Lett. 178, 283-287]. The conclusion has been made that streptomycin blocks the stage of correction ('proof-reading') following GTP hydrolysis during EF-Tu-dependent aminoacyl-tRNA binding. PMID- 3902508 TI - William Beaumont: the man, his time, and his legacy. PMID- 3902507 TI - Effect of ethionine on the in vitro synthesis and degradation of mitochondrial translation products in yeast. AB - The effect of ethionine, an amino acid analog of methionine, has been studied in Saccharomyces cerevisiae in relation to cell growth, oxygen consumption, in vitro protein synthesis of mitochondrial translation products (MTPs) and the degradation of those mitoribosomally made proteins by an ATP-dependent process present within the organelle. Ethionine was found to increase the generation time of those cells already committed to cell division and to abolish the initiation of new cell cycles. Oxygen consumption of cultures grown in the presence of the analog was drastically reduced. Ethionine was also found to impair the incorporation of methionine and leucine into mitochondrial translation products, however the synthesis of proteins was not totally blocked and, apparently, mitochondria utilized ethionine as a precursor amino acid. MTPs synthesized by isolated mitochondria in the presence of ethionine were rapidly degraded inside the organelle at a faster rate compared with the normal proteins synthesized under identical conditions in the mitochondria. It is also shown that these in vitro synthesized proteins are degraded by an ATP-stimulated proteolytic system, as has been previously established. PMID- 3902506 TI - Structural differences in the cell binding region of human fibronectin molecules isolated from cultured normal and tumor-derived human cells. AB - Fibronectins isolated from human plasma (pFN) and from the conditioned media of normal (N-cFN) and tumor (T-cFN) human cells were compared by cathepsin D digestion followed by immunostaining of released fragments with the monoclonal antibody 3E3, specific for the cell binding site. Two different staining patterns were obtained, one specific for pFN and N-cFN, the second common to fibronectins from the 3 different kinds of tumors studied. This indicates structural differences between N-cFN and T-cFN in the cell binding region of the fibronectin molecule. PMID- 3902509 TI - Motions of Alexis St. Martin's stomach. AB - In addition to studies on the action of gastric juice, William Beaumont studied the motility of Alexis St. Martin's stomach. He documented the nature of fundal and antral motility and how antral contractions might convert an admixture of solid food and gastric juice into a uniform homogenous semifluid. Beaumont described forcible contractions of the antrum, closure of the pylorus during antral contraction, and the discriminatory nature of the pylorus. Beaumont may also have made the first observations of the gastric motor component of the interdigestive migrating motor complex. PMID- 3902510 TI - Ovulation induction with gonadotropin-releasing hormone. PMID- 3902511 TI - Psychosocial and psychophysiologic aspects of reproduction: the need for improved study design. PMID- 3902512 TI - Improved pregnancy rate in human in vitro fertilization with the use of a medium based on the composition of human tubal fluid. AB - Significantly more mouse zygotes developed to blastocysts in culture in a medium formulated on the composition of human tubal fluid (HTF) than in modified Tyrode's medium (T6). In a randomized 2 X 2 factorial trial of human in vitro fertilization that compared the two media and culture under oil versus culture in loosely capped tubes, significantly more clinical pregnancies (30% of 60 transfers) were obtained with HTF medium than with T6 medium (11% of 53 transfers). Decreasing the K+ content of HTF medium to that present in T6 medium significantly decreased the number of mouse zygotes that developed in culture. Modifying Ca++ levels had no effect. It is therefore likely that the higher K+ content in HTF medium is primarily responsible for the superiority of HTF medium over T6 medium, but other differences in the composition of the two media could contribute to the results observed. PMID- 3902513 TI - Intrauterine insemination: a critical review. PMID- 3902514 TI - Management of endometriosis with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists. PMID- 3902515 TI - [Pedodontic treatment under low-dose intramuscular ketamine anesthesia]. PMID- 3902516 TI - [Improving the anchorage of fillings by parapulpal pins]. PMID- 3902517 TI - [Comparative clinical and experimental study of the anesthetics Ultracaine D-s and Ultracaine D-s forte (II)]. PMID- 3902519 TI - [Glucose reabsorption in the kidneys of rats after insulin administration against a background of stabilized hyperglycemia]. AB - In rat with constant i. v. infusion of 40% glucose solution, administration of insulin (0.9-1.0 unit/100 g) reduced considerably diuresis, filtration and excretion of glucose in urine, the glucose content in the blood remaining the same. The absolute velocity of glucose reabsorption in the kidneys remained the same as in control but, in regard to the glomerular filtration (as per 1 ml), the velocity increased 2-fold. Insulin seems to be able to control glucose reabsorption in the renal tubular cells. PMID- 3902518 TI - [Enzyme systems of intraluminal and membrane hydrolysis of food substances in growing, adult and old rats]. AB - Simultaneous determination of pancreatic proteases, alpha-amylase, lactase and alkaline phosphatase in 2-, 6- and 28-month rats showed deep alterations on the level of cavitary and membrane digestion. Total hydrolytic potential for proteins and carbohydrates is rather high in growing rats and gradually reduces in old animals. These alterations in growing animals are mainly actualized through the small intestine enzymes while in adolescent and old rats - through the pancreatic enzyme systems. PMID- 3902520 TI - [Evidence for the internalization and degradation of insulin in cultured Bri-7K human lymphocytes]. AB - We have studied the internalization of insulin and the mechanism of insulin degradation in cultured Bri-7K human lymphocytes. The internalization of 125I insulin was observed by using an acid extraction technique by Heigler's method which removed surface-bound insulin, leaving only intracellular insulin associated with cells. Insulin binding to Bri-7K cells reached a peak at 15 min and showed a gradual fall thereafter at 37 degrees C. Internalization of insulin rose with a peak in 30 min, and its rate was nearly 25% of the total specific cell-associated radioactivity. Insulin degrading activities in Bri-7K cells were examined as to precipitability with trichloroacetic acid (TCA method), Sephadex G 50 column chromatography (gel chromatography method) and the ability to bind to specific receptors on Bri-7K cells (rebinding method). Under conditions demonstrating that the insulin degradation didn't take place in the medium but was cell-mediated, the insulin degradation was not demonstrated by the TCA method. Chromatographic studies showed that the extractable radioactivity consisted almost entirely of intact insulin, whereas the supernatant and the nonextractable radioactivities consisted of large molecular weight material and intact insulin. Thus, the apparent degradation of insulin was not detectable by the TCA and gel chromatography methods, however, using the rebinding method, we could obtain results demonstrating that fair amounts of insulin in the supernatant were degraded. These results suggest that the products of insulin degradation are peptides with a molecular size similar to insulin itself but with little or no receptor binding activity. In conclusion, insulin internalizes into Bri-7K cells at physiological temperature, and the mechanism of insulin degradation in Bri-7K cells seems to be a limiting proteolysis of insulin by specific enzyme(s). PMID- 3902521 TI - [Insulin, glucagon and growth hormone responses during glucose, arginine and insulin tolerance tests in children with hyperthyroidism]. AB - There are many reports of glucose intolerance in adult patients with hyperthyroidism but few reports of glucose intolerance in hyperthyroid children. In this study, we measured plasma levels of glucose, insulin, glucagon and growth hormone in hyperthyroid children and control subjects by the use of three kinds of tolerance tests: an oral glucose tolerance test, an arginine tolerance test and an insulin tolerance test. In the oral glucose tolerance test, mean fasting glucose levels (79.6 +/- 1.4 mg/dl) rose to maximum levels (157.3 +/- 4.3 mg/dl) at 30 min in hyperthyroid children which were significantly higher than the levels in control subjects (p less than 0.01). The maximum levels of glucose fell slowly and returned to fasting levels at 180 min. In this test, plasma insulin levels increased from basal levels (12.7 +/- 1.9 microU/ml) to maximum levels (120.8 +/- 22.1 microU/ml) at 30 min in the prepubertal age group of hyperthyroidism. On the other hand, in the pubertal age group of hyperthyroidism, maximum levels of insulin were observed at 60 min, but not at 30 min. These maximum levels of insulin of both hyperthyroid age groups were significantly higher than those in the control subjects (p less than 0.05, p less than 0.01 respectively). There was no difference in insulin-glucose ratio at 30 min (delta IRI/delta BG) and insulinogenic index (I.I.) at 0 to 60 min between these two groups of hyperthyroid children and control subjects. However, I.I. at 0 to 120 min and 0 to 180 min decreased significantly in the pubertal age group of hyperthyroidism as compared with those in the control group (p less than 0.05, p less than 0.02 respectively). In the oral glucose tolerance test, plasma glucagon levels decreased from basal levels (74.1 +/- 4.3 pg/ml) to minimum levels (36.4 +/- 4.7 pg/ml) at 90 min in hyperthyroidism, which were significantly lower than those in the controls (p less than 0.05). However, there was no difference in epsilon delta IRG/epsilon delta BG (cumulative glucagon response/cumulative glucose response) between the subjects with hyperthyroidism and the controls. On the other hand, lower responses of blood glucose, insulin, glucagon and growth hormone to arginine were observed in subjects with hyperthyroidism than in the controls. Moreover in the insulin tolerance test, there was no difference in glucagon and growth hormone response between the subjects with hyperthyroidism and the controls. Thus our conclusions are as follows: A marked increase in blood glucose after oral glucose load was observed in spite of normal insulin-glucose ratio in hyperthyroid children, suggesting the existence of peripheral insulin resistance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3902522 TI - [The relationship between serum IAP and peripheral K cells in patients with subacute thyroiditis]. AB - In a previous study, we showed that the percentage of peripheral K cells of patients with subacute thyroiditis (SAT), determined by a plaque-forming cell technique, was significantly lower than that of normal controls, and that ther sera from SAT significantly inhibited the activity of K cells in normal lymphocytes, suggesting that in the sera of SAT there is some factor which inhibits K cell activity. In this study, we investigated the relationship between K cells and the serum immunosuppressive acidic protein (IAP), the sex difference in percentage of K cells, and the absolute count of K cells in patients with SAT. In normal controls, there was a sex difference in the percentage of K cells in total lymphocytes; the percentage was significantly lower in women (mean +/- S.D., 5.0 +/- 2.0%; n = 12; p less than 0.01) than in men (8.4 +/- 2.9%; n = 20). However, there was no sex difference in the absolute count of peripheral K cells. In the acute phase of SAT, the percentages of K cells wee 2.4 +/- 1.8%; 2.4 +/- 1.9% and 2.7 +/- 1.0% in 19 patients, 16 females and 3 males, respectively, which were significantly lower than 6.8 +/- 3.0%, 5.0 +/- 2.0% and 8.4 +/- 2.9% in 25 controls, 12 females and 13 males, respectively. The absolute counts of K cells in the acute phase of SAT were 56 +/- 45/mm3 and 58 +/- 48/mm3 in 13 patients including 11 females, respectively, which were significantly lower than 165 +/- 63/mm3 and 153 +/- 73/mm3 in 12 patients including 5 female controls, respectively. It was observed that serum IAP values in SAT were correlated negatively with the percentage of K cells and positively with the inhibition rate of SAT sera on K cells from normal subjects. Moreover, purified IAP showed a dose related inhibition on the K cells from the control subjects. These results suggest that IAP in the sera of SAT seems to be one of the factors which inhibits the activity of K cells. PMID- 3902523 TI - Treatment of habitual abortion with human chorionic gonadotropin: results of open and placebo-controlled studies. AB - Human chorionic gonadotropin was administered intramuscularly in an open study of 32 women whose last three pregnancies had ended in spontaneous abortion. An initial dosage of 10 000 iu on earliest diagnosis of pregnancy was followed up by 5000 IU twice weekly up to wk 12, then once weekly up to wk 16. Only 2 of the 32 patients aborted (6.2%). Using the same regime a further 20 habitual aborters were randomly allocated double-blind to either hCG or placebo. All 10 women on active therapy continued (100%) compared with only 3 on placebo (30%) (P less than 0.01). These results suggest that hCG should be considered as treatment in women with habitual abortion where other specific causes have been ruled out and a potentially treatable hormonal imbalance surmised. PMID- 3902524 TI - Prenatal ultrasonic diagnosis and management of ectopia cordis. PMID- 3902525 TI - Ambulation versus oxytocin in protracted labour: a pilot study. AB - We compared ambulation with oxytocin in the treatment of protracted labour with a randomized, controlled trial of 57 patients. Sixty percent of the women in the ambulant group delivered their babies without oxytocin. In the ambulant group, the mean length of the second stage of labour was shorter and the women themselves held relatively positive views on their experiences. In the oxytocin group, on the other hand, the women experienced stronger contractions before pushing and also suffered from more excessively strong contractions. Our trial included too few women to judge which treatment is better for the infant's health. Nevertheless, the women's opinions and the quality of their contractions demonstrate that more attention should be paid to ambulation as a treatment for protracted labour. PMID- 3902526 TI - Early low-lying placentae--ultrasonic assessment, progress and outcome. AB - A prospective study was carried out using 100 patients with 64 appropriately matched controls, to follow the course of low-lying placentae, diagnosed before 20 wk gestation. 94% of these placentae had moved out of the lower segment by the 32nd wk, while only 2% of the total required a caesarean section for placenta praevia. No evidence of intrauterine growth retardation or increased incidence of preeclampsia was found. In the light of this and other studies, a routine ultrasound re-check of placental position subsequent to 32 wk is deemed unnecessary unless clinically indicated, saving unnecessary maternal anxiety and over-exposure to ultrasound. Since the posterior low-lying placentae are those more likely to remain praevia, it is they that require follow-up scans. PMID- 3902527 TI - Short-term prophylactic antibiotic for elective abdominal hysterectomy: how short? AB - A prospective double-blind study was conducted in order to evaluate the effect of antibiotic prophylaxis on patients undergoing elective abdominal hysterectomy. In the first stage of the study, 116 patients received, on call to the operating room and subsequently 8 and 16 h post-operatively, cefazolin sodium or placebo. In the second stage of the study, 90 patients received the same antibiotics, but treatment was extended to 6 doses, 8 h apart. Of the 53 women who received placebo, 27 (50.9%) became morbid, while only 15 of the 63 (23.8%) who received 24 h prophylaxis were classified as morbid (p less than 0.005). By extending the prophylactic treatment to 48 h further reduction of the morbidity was achieved. Of the 90 patients only 11 (12.2%) became morbid (P less than 0.005). When morbidity rates were compared between different ethnic groups, over-weight and normal weight patients, pre- and post-menopausal women, it was not possible to define a group which is at a higher risk for post-operative morbidity. It was thus concluded that prophylactic antibiotics should be administered routinely to all patients undergoing abdominal hysterectomy, preferably for 48 h. PMID- 3902528 TI - Preoperative ultrasound diagnosis of hematocolpos. AB - A case of hematocolpos in a 17-yr-old girl is presented. The ultrasound findings are described and discussed. With careful ultrasound examination associated severe complications such as hematometra and/or hematosalpinx can be ruled out preoperatively. PMID- 3902529 TI - Uptake of iron from hemoglobin and the haptoglobin-hemoglobin complex by hemolytic bacteria. AB - The abilities of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes to remove iron from mouse 59Fe hemoglobin that was either in free form or complexed with human haptoglobin, were evaluated. 59Fe hemoglobin from the amphibian Taricha granulosa was also used in free form or complexed with the amphibian's hemoglobin-binding proteins. Contrary to what was reported from a study using pathogenic Escherichia coli, haptoglobin failed to exhibit a bacteriostatic influence when complexed with hemoglobin. In our study, more 59Fe was removed by the bacteria from the haptoglobin-hemoglobin complex than from free mouse hemoglobin. The hemoglobin and hemoglobin-plasma protein complexes of Taricha were stripped of 59Fe at similar rates and extents by both bacterial species. PMID- 3902530 TI - Degradation of insulin by human fibroblasts: effects of inhibitors of pinocytosis and lysosomal activity. AB - The role of the pinosome-lysosome pathway in the degradation of 125I-labelled bovine insulin by cultured human fibroblasts was examined by comparing the effects of various known inhibitors of pinocytosis and lysosomal degradation on the uptake and degradation of 125I-labelled polyvinylpyrrolidone, formaldehyde denatured bovine serum albumin and bovine insulin by these cells. Fibroblasts incubated with polyvinylpyrrolidone steadily accumulate this substrate, whereas incubations with insulin or denatured albumin led to the progressive appearance in the culture medium of [125I]iodotyrosine. Inhibitors of pinocytosis (bacitracin, colchicine and monensin), metabolic inhibitors (2,4-dinitrophenol and NaF), lysosomotropic agents (chloroquine and NH4Cl) and an inhibitor of cysteine-proteinases (leupeptin) decreased the rate of uptake of polyvinylpyrrolidone and denatured albumin very similarly, but only bacitracin had an effect on the processing of insulin. Chloroquine, NH4Cl and leupeptin strongly inhibited the digestion of denatured albumin, but not of insulin. The different responses to the modifiers, with polyvinylpyrrolidone and denatured albumin on the one hand and insulin on the other, suggest that insulin degradation can occur by a non-lysosomal pathway. The very strong inhibitory effect of bacitracin on insulin processing by fibroblasts may point to an important role of plasma membrane proteinases in insulin degradation. PMID- 3902531 TI - A double-blind crossover evaluation of naproxen and piroxicam in osteoarthritis of hip or knee. AB - Seventy-five patients participated in a randomized, double-blind, crossover study, the aim of which was to compare the efficacy and safety of naproxen 1000 mg once daily with piroxicam 20 mg once daily for the treatment of osteoarthritis of hip or knee. Treatment periods of 4 weeks each were preceded by placebo wash out periods of up to 1 week. The patients were examined clinically at every stage of the trial. Each treatment group exhibited significant improvement in weight bearing and night pain, over-all disease severity, and the separate evaluations of patient response by physician and patient. There were no significant differences between the drugs in type, severity, or number of side-effects. Neither of the drugs influenced the patients' laboratory data. Night pain was less for patients using naproxen than for those taking piroxicam, and patients indicated greater preference for naproxen than for piroxicam. Naproxen was statistically superior to piroxicam as measured by decreased weight-bearing pain and over-all disease severity, the separate physician and patient global assessments of patient response to therapy, and physician preference. In this study, naproxen 1000 mg once daily was more effective than piroxicam 20 mg once daily for the treatment of osteoarthritis. PMID- 3902532 TI - Pseudomonas cepacia: the sensitivity of nosocomial strains to new antibiotics. AB - Pseudomonas cepacia, considered a phytopathogenic organism for many years, has been shown recently to be widely distributed geographically. The hospital environment has become an important source of this organism but the resistance of Ps. cepacia to most antibiotics has made the treatment of infections a problem. One hundred per cent of the strains tested have proved to be sensitive to the sulphonamides and to novobiocin, 93.0% to the combination of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole (co-trimoxazole); 85.2% to minocycline; 77.8% to chloramphenicol and dibekacin and 44.4% to nalidixic acid. One hundred per cent of the strains exhibit resistance to ampicillin, cephalothin, cefamandole, cefoxitin, colistin, cefuroxime, tetracycline and cefazolin; 88.9% to amikacin, tobramycin and sisomycin; 85.2% to carbenicillin. The new beta-lactams, apalcillin, ceftazidime, N-formimidoyl-thienamycin, piperacillin, cefotaxime and azlocillin proved to be the most potent of the molecules tested, inhibiting 90% of the strains, at concentrations of 4, 8, 8, 8, 32 and 16 mg/l and 100% of the strains at 8, 16, 16, 32, 32 and 64 mg/l, respectively. In contrast to the usual sensitivity patterns of Pseudomonas spp, Ps. cepacia has been shown to be resistant to colistin, cefsulodin and the aminoglycosides. However, unlike Ps. aeruginosa, Ps. cepacia has been shown, by the dilution method, to be sensitive to co trimoxazole, 92.3% of the strains being inhibited by 16 mg/l. PMID- 3902533 TI - A comparison of flunisolide inhaler and beclomethasone dipropionate inhaler in bronchial asthma. AB - Ninety-nine patients, who had never previously taken inhaled steroids were enrolled in a randomized, single-blind, parallel study, the aim of which was to compare the efficacy and safety of flunisolide inhalation, 500 mcg twice daily, with beclomethasone dipropionate inhaler 100 mcg four times daily for the treatment of chronic asthma. The treatment period was for 6 weeks. The patients were examined clinically at entry, week 3 and week 6 and both treatment groups showed a marked improvement in almost all parameters during the course of the study. Flunisolide was statistically significantly superior to beclomethasone dipropionate for wheezing at week 6, coughing at week 6 and chest tightness at weeks 3 and 6. The number of asthma attacks per day decreased significantly more with flunisolide treatment than with beclomethasone dipropionate. The over-all evaluation of efficacy by both doctors and patients also showed flunisolide to be superior to beclomethasone dipropionate. In several other parameters there was a trend shown favouring flunisolide, and beclomethasone dipropionate did not show a superiority over flunisolide in any efficacy parameter. Both drugs were well tolerated, with unpleasant taste being the most frequent complaint in the flunisolide group. No patient in either group withdrew from the study because of adverse events. In this study, flunisolide inhaler was more effective than beclomethasone dipropionate inhaler for the treatment of chronic asthma exhibited by patients who had never been treated with inhaled steroids. PMID- 3902534 TI - Responses of cultured neural retinal cells to substratum-bound laminin and other extracellular matrix molecules. AB - The responses of cultured chick embryo retinal neurons to several extracellular matrix molecules are described. Retinal cell suspensions in serum-free medium containing the "N1" supplement (J. E. Bottenstein, S. D. Skaper, S. Varon, and J. Sato, 1980, Exp. Cell Res. 125, 183-190) were seeded on tissue culture plastic surfaces pretreated with polyornithine (PORN) and with one of the factors to be tested. Substantial cell survival could be observed after 72 hr in vitro on PORN pretreated with serum or laminin, whereas most cells appeared to be degenerating on untreated PORN, PORN-fibronectin, and PORN-chondronectin. Cell attachment, although quantitatively similar for all these substrata, was temperature dependent on serum and laminin but not on fibronectin or untreated PORN. In a short-term bioassay, neurite development was abundant on laminin, scarce on serum and fibronectin, and absent on PORN. No positive correlation between cell spreading and neurite production could be seen: cell spreading was more extensive on PORN and fibronectin than on laminin or serum, while on laminin-treated dishes, spreading was similar for neurite-bearing and non-neurite-bearing cells. Laminin effects on retinal neurons were clearly substratum dependent. When bound to tissue culture plastic, laminin showed a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on cell attachment and did not stimulate neurite development. PORN-bound laminin, on the other hand, did not affect cell attachment but caused marked stimulation of neurite development, suggesting that laminin conformation and/or the spatial distribution of active sites play an important role in the neurite-promoting function of this extracellular matrix molecule. Investigation of the embryonic retina with ELISA and immunocytochemical methods showed that laminin is present in this organ during development. Therefore, in vivo and in vitro observations are consistent with the possibility that laminin might influence neuronal development in the retina. PMID- 3902535 TI - Cell-adhesion molecule uvomorulin during kidney development. AB - We studied the expression of a cell adhesion molecule during morphogenesis of the embryonic kidney. The 120-kDa glycoprotein, called uvomorulin, is known to be present on a number of epithelia. During the development of the kidney, a mesenchyme is converted into an epithelium when it is properly induced. The uninduced mesenchyme did not express uvomorulin, as judged by immunofluorescence and immunoblotting using previously characterized antibodies. Uvomorulin does not appear in the mesenchyme as a direct consequence of induction. Rather it becomes detectable approximately 12 hr after completion of induction, at 30-36 hr in vitro when the cells adhere to each other. Distinct differences in uvomorulin expression were seen in the different parts of the nephron. In the mesenchymally derived epithelia (glomeruli, tubules), uvomorulin could be detected only in the tubules, whereas the epithelium of the glomeruli remained negative at all stages of development. Our embryonic studies show that these differences arise very early, as soon as the different parts of the nephron can be distinguished morphologically. It is likely that uvomorulin plays a role in the initial adhesion of the differentiating tubule cells. However, we failed to disrupt histogenesis by applying antibodies to the organ cultures of developing tubules although the antibodies penetrated the tissues well and bound to the differentiating cells. PMID- 3902536 TI - Neonatal treatment with nerve growth factor antiserum eliminates cholinergic sympathetic innervation of rat sweat glands. AB - Most mammalian sympathetic neurons are noradrenergic, and their dependence upon nerve growth factor (NGF) for survival during development is well established. A minor population of sympathetic neurons, including those that innervate sweat glands, is cholinergic. To determine whether cholinergic sympathetic neurons, like their noradrenergic counterparts, require NGF during development, neonatal rats were treated with NGF-antiserum and 3 weeks later their sweat glands were examined for the presence of innervation. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) staining and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-like immunoreactivity (VIP-IR) which mark the mature sweat gland innervation were absent from the sweat glands of the anti NGF treated animals. Further, when the glands were examined with the electron microscope, no axons or nerve terminals were evident. These observations indicate that the elaboration of the sweat gland plexus is NGF-dependent and suggest that at least one population of cholinergic sympathetic neurons in the rat requires NGF for survival. Our findings are consistent with the idea that during development NGF is a required trophic factor not only for noradrenergic sympathetic but also for cholinergic sympathetic neurons. PMID- 3902537 TI - Low-molecular-weight peptide stimulates cholinergic development in ventral spinal cord cultures. AB - Skeletal muscle extract contains a previously undocumented 1300- to 1500-Da neurotrophic factor. Incubation of ventral spinal cord neurons in the presence of this factor enhances the rate of de novo acetylcholine synthesis two- to threefold over control cells, after 6 days in culture. This effect on cholinergic activity appears to be selective, since incubation with the factor results in only slight elevations of lactate dehydrogenase activity and DNA content, and no increase in the acetylcholinesterase activity. The 1300- to 1500-Da factor is acid-stable and partially sensitive to proteolysis by proteinase K, Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease, and subtilisin, but insensitive to trypsin. These results indicate that the active moiety is a peptide. The importance of peptides as neurotransmitters or neuromodulators is well accepted, but their role in the regulation of neuronal development is not widely appreciated. The present cholinergic neurotrophic peptide is distinct from previously characterized cholinergic trophic factors and represents the first example of a small, target derived peptide which influences cholinergic development. PMID- 3902538 TI - Localization and synthesis of the tumor protein oncomodulin in extraembryonic tissues of the fetal rat. AB - The calcium-binding protein oncomodulin, previously found only in tumors, has been detected during rat development. Specific antisera to purified rat hepatoma oncomodulin (MW 11,500) were used to detect oncomodulin by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and by avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC) immunohistochemistry. Using RIA, oncomodulin was found to increase in placenta from below the limits of detection (2 ng/mg protein) on Day 13 to approximately 25 ng/mg on Day 16 of pregnancy, and to remain high through to the end of gestation. Determinations on separated inner and outer placenta showed the increase to be greater in the outer placenta (basal zone and decidua) than in the inner placenta (labyrinth). The ABC technique on paraffin sections produced positive staining for oncomodulin throughout the placenta, with the most intense staining occurring in the outer placenta (cytotrophoblast and giant cells of the basal zone). Parietal and visceral yolk sac, and amnion also stained positively, while fetal organs did not. Oncomodulin synthesis measured by [35S]methionine incorporation into immunoprecipitates occurred in isolated inner and outer placenta, whole placenta, the separated trophectoderm and endoderm of the parietal yolk sac, and amnion. No oncomodulin synthesis could be measured in visceral yolk sac, fetal liver, or 16-day embryo. This occurrence in developing and transformed tissues demonstrates that oncomodulin is an oncodevelopmental protein. PMID- 3902539 TI - Insulin-like growth factors and insulin: comparative aspects. AB - IGF I and IGF II are two insulin-like growth factors resembling insulin in many respects. They stem from a common precursor, act through receptors similar to the insulin receptor with which they cross-react. When administered in large amounts they produce hypoglycemia. Their major effects, however, are on replication and differentiation of cells of mesodermal origin. IGF I is the major growth promoting factor in vivo. The synthesis and secretion of IGF I by the liver depend on the growth hormone status, insulin and nutrition. In contrast to insulin, the IGFs circulate in blood bound to the carrier proteins. Their half life in man is in the order of 16 h. IGF I deficiency results in dwarfism (pygmy, Laron dwarf, toy poodle) despite normal or elevated growth hormone secretion. The anabolic actions of insulin and of the IGFs appear to complement each other as shown in Figure 7. PMID- 3902540 TI - Beta-cell cytoplasmic Ca2+ balance as a determinant for glucose-stimulated insulin release. AB - The introduction of new techniques and the access to clonal lines of insulin secreting cells have enabled re-evaluation of glucose effects on Ca2+ movements in pancreatic beta cells. It became evident that glucose, in addition to stimulating the entry of Ca2+, also promotes active sequestration of the ion in intracellular stores and its extrusion from the beta cells. The balance between these processes will determine the activity of Ca2+ in the cytoplasm and consequently the rate of insulin release. With the demonstration that glucose can not only increase but also lower cytoplasmic Ca2+, it follows that exposure to the sugar under certain conditions results in a paradoxical inhibition of insulin release. In diabetic patients this may be manifest as prompt reduction of circulating concentrations of insulin and C-peptide after an intravenous injection of glucose. The concept of the dual action of glucose might aid in explaining a number of poorly understood phenomena, such as the induction of rhythmic oscillations of the membrane potential of beta cells and the fact that their secretory response is improved by prolonged exposure to glucose and after priming with the sugar. PMID- 3902542 TI - Immunological techniques in diabetes research: 14 years on. PMID- 3902541 TI - An hypothesis on the aetiology of obesity: dysfunction of the central nervous system as a primary cause. PMID- 3902543 TI - The insulin factory: a tour of the plant surroundings and a visit to the assembly line. The Minkowski lecture 1973 revisited. PMID- 3902544 TI - A la recherche du temps perdu--epilogue to the Minkowski Award lecture 1974. PMID- 3902547 TI - Human growth hormone distribution discontinued. PMID- 3902545 TI - New developments in the incretin concept. AB - Experimental and clinical work over the last 6 years has confirmed and broadened, but also challenged, the incretin concept. The nervous component of the entero insular axis is still poorly defined, especially the peptidergic nerves, of which several contain insulinotropic regulatory peptides. The incretin effect is preserved after complete denervation of the porcine pancreas. Type 2 (non insulin dependent) diabetic patients have a significantly decreased incretin effect. GIP (gastric inhibitory polypeptide; glucose dependent insulin releasing peptide) remains the strongest incretin factor. Its secretion depends on the absorption of nutrients. However, the correlation between the GIP response and disturbances of the entero-insular axis in some gastrointestinal diseases and, in particular, Type 2 diabetes, is poor. Furthermore, physiological concentrations of exogenous GIP do not produce fully the incretin effect and injection of GIP antibodies does not abolish the incretin effect. This suggests the existence of additional humoral incretin factors. On the other hand, GIP seems to have direct metabolic effects independent of its insulinotropic activity. The incretin effect of oral glucose is smaller if plasma levels of C-peptide rather than insulin are measured. However, decreased hepatic extraction of insulin after glucose ingestion only accounts partially for the incretin effect. GIP is unlikely to be the gut factor which regulates hepatic insulin extraction. PMID- 3902546 TI - Glucagon physiology and pathophysiology in the light of new advances. AB - Recent advances in the understanding of glucagon-insulin relationships at the level of the islets of Langerhans and of hepatic fuel metabolism are reviewed and their impact on our understanding of glucagon physiology and pathophysiology is considered. It now appears that alpha cells can respond directly to hyperglycaemia in the absence of insulin and beta cells, but that antecedent hyperglycaemia masks or attenuates this response. Insulin appears to exert ongoing release inhibition upon glucagon secretion, probably via the intra-islet microvascular system that connects beta cells to alpha cells. Diabetic hyperglucagonemia in insulin deficient states appears to be secondary to lack of the restraining influence of insulin. The alpha cell response to glucopenia, by contrast, may be in large part mediated by release of noradrenaline from nerve endings in contact with alpha cells. Glucagon's action on glucose and ketone production by hepatocytes is mediated by increase in cyclic-AMP-dependent protein kinase. The opposing action of insulin upon glucagon-mediated events probably occurs largely at this level. Consequently, when glucagon secretion or action is blocked, cyclic-AMP-dependent protein kinase activity is low even in the absence of insulin, explaining why marked glucose and ketone production is absent in bihormonal deficiency states. PMID- 3902548 TI - [Dynamic evaluation of the renin-angiotensin system with captopril in screening for renovascular hypertension]. AB - In 69 hypertensive with suspected renovascular hypertension the response of plasma renin and angiotensin I to a single oral dose of Captopril (Captopril test) was determined. In 15 of the 16 patients found to have renal artery stenosis at angiography and cured by either revascularization or nephrectomy, Captopril stimulated both plasma renin activity and plasma angiotensin I to a far greater extent than in the majority of the 53 classified as essential hypertensives. False positives were limited to 8. Sensitivity and specificity were 94% and 85%, respectively. In the same series sequential renal angiophotoscan showed 100% sensitivity but a lower specificity (75%). In comparison, both the sensitivity and the specificity of rapid-sequence intravenous pielography, isotopic renogram and recumbent plasma renin activity were far less satisfactory. It is concluded that this simple, safe and economical test should be preferred to the other diagnostic procedures in the screening of renovascular hypertension. Its use in combination with renal angiophotoscan improves diagnostic reliability. PMID- 3902549 TI - [G. B. Morgagni: De sedibus et causis morborum per anatomen indagatis]. PMID- 3902550 TI - Randomized single-blind clinical trial of a rapid colonic lavage solution (Golytely) vs. standard preparation for barium enema and colonoscopy. AB - A randomized single-blind clinical trial was conducted to compare the effectiveness and acceptance by patients of a new oral balanced lavage solution with those of a standard preparation for cleansing the colon for barium enema (50 patients) and colonoscopy (20 patients). The quality of preparation was comparable for the 2 preparations. For colonoscopy, Golytely preparation resulted in slightly better results than standard preparation. Patient acceptance was comparable for the 2 preparations. We conclude that Golytely can be used as an alternative to standard preparation for barium enema. For colonoscopy, it is slightly superior to standard preparation. PMID- 3902551 TI - Ultrasonographic findings in acute acalculous cholecystitis. AB - Acute acalculous cholecystitis (AAC) is usually seen as a complication of major surgery or trauma. Although this entity is well-known in the surgical literature, little has been written about it in the radiologic literature. A review of patient records from 1975 through 1982 revealed 16 patients with pathologically confirmed AAC on whom at least 1 sonographic study had been performed. Thickening of the gallbladder wall, a subserosal "halo" of edema, pericholecystic abscess, and marked gallbladder distention were consistent findings in AAC. In the proper clinical setting, these otherwise nonspecific findings allow a prompt and accurate diagnosis. PMID- 3902552 TI - Immunoperoxidase detection of pancreatic oncofetal antigen in human tissues. AB - Normal human adult tissues (from the pancreas, stomach, small intestine, colon and rectum), human fetal pancreas and various human tumor tissues were investigated for the expression of pancreatic oncofetal antigen (POA) by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase complex method. The antibody used in this study was raised by immunization of rabbit with POA purified from ascites of a patient with pancreatic cancer; it was the same as in our previous report on enzyme immunoassay for serum POA. POA was localized in the ductal cells of human fetal pancreas and ductal cell type pancreatic cancer tissue. It was hardly seen in acinar cells of human fetal or adult pancreas, or in acinar cell type pancreatic cancer tissue. Several cancer tissues other than the pancreas revealed positive POA-staining but less frequently. POA was also detected in small amounts in the small duct of normal adult pancreas. In other normal human tissues, POA was recognized in deep crypts of the small intestine and colon. These results indicate that POA is present abundantly in immature ductal cells of the pancreas such as in fetal pancreas and pancreatic cancer, and that high serum levels of POA seen in patients with pancreatic cancer and other malignant tumors may originate from these malignant tissues. PMID- 3902553 TI - Effect of graded physiologic doses of cholecystokinin on gallbladder contraction measured by ultrasonography. Determination of threshold, dose-response relationships and comparison with intraduodenal bilirubin output. AB - This study was undertaken to determine in healthy humans the effect of graded physiologic doses of cholecystokinin (CCK) on gallbladder size as assessed by ultrasonography and to analyze the relations between the doses of CCK infused, the plasma CCK increments, the decreases in gallbladder volume, and the cumulative intraduodenal bilirubin output. Infusion of stepwise-increasing doses of CCK, ranging from 0.2 to 6.4 pmol/kg X h, induced dose-related increases in plasma CCK (r = 0.99; p less than 0.001), decreases in gallbladder volume (r = 0.99; p less than 0.001), and increases in intraduodenal bilirubin output (r = 0.96; p less than 0.01). There was a highly significant correlation between the decreases in gallbladder volume and the cumulative intraduodenal bilirubin outputs (r = 0.98; p less than 0.001). Infusion of 0.8 pmol/kg X h of CCK, resulting in an increase in plasma CCK of 1.3 +/- 0.5 pmol/L, was the threshold for stimulating gallbladder contraction as assessed by both ultrasonography and measurement of intraduodenal bilirubin output. It is concluded that ultrasonography is a sensitive method for the quantitation of gallbladder contraction and that physiologic plasma CCK concentrations do stimulate gallbladder contraction. PMID- 3902554 TI - Chromogranin: a newly recognized marker for endocrine cells of the human gastrointestinal tract. AB - Existing methods for the histochemical demonstration of gastrointestinal cells are somewhat limited. Chromogranin represents a family of proteins that coexist with catecholamines in the secretory vesicles of adrenal medulla cells. In the present study, immunocytochemistry was used to test whether chromogranin is a marker for gut endocrine cells. Serial sections of each area of human gut were immunostained for chromogranin and for the amine and each of the peptides known to be present in mucosal endocrine cells. Chromogranin was immunostained in large numbers of endocrine cells in all tissues examined. All identified endocrine cell types were found, in serial sections or by sequential silver impregnations, to be chromogranin immunoreactive. However, the possibility exists that some chromogranin-immunoreactive cells contain a yet to be discovered endocrine substance. Immunostaining of chromogranin thus appears to provide a means for demonstrating all gastrointestinal mucosal endocrine cells identifiable by the methods described in this study. PMID- 3902555 TI - Derangements of renal water handling in liver disease. AB - It is apparent that renal water retention in patients with advanced liver disease constitutes a fascinating clinical constellation with numerous and diverse causes and an elusive pathophysiology. The dissociation between elevated AVP levels and the attendant changes in renal water handling under diverse experimental conditions, and the demonstration of an impairment in renal water excretion in response to prostaglandin synthetase inhibition, underscore the multifactorial nature of the derangement. It is likely that the development of impaired renal water handling is attributable to a panoply of several hormonal or neural mediators, or both, acting in concert. Additional insight into this fascinating problem must await further characterization of some of the mediators and a delineation of their pathophysiologic role. PMID- 3902556 TI - [Initial experiences with the "Mammotest" stereotactic diagnosis system in the diagnosis of roentgenologically unclear changes in the breast]. AB - The article reports on first experiences with the stereotactic diagnosis device "Mammotest" in the diagnosis of diseases of the breast. Preoperative stereotactic carbon marking of non-palpable changes requiring clarification via mammography was successful in 94% of the cases. With the stereotactic cytological clarification by means of Nordenstrom's cannula the high rate of cellular material which could not be clarified, was unsatisfactory. Stereotactic histological punch biopsy in case of unclear mammographic findings enables exact localisation of the punch and histological examination of the punch biopsy. Mammographic follow-up did not yield any false negative finding to date. PMID- 3902557 TI - [Physiological routes of correcting blood aggregation]. PMID- 3902558 TI - [Development and production of a triase fibrinolytic preparation]. PMID- 3902559 TI - [Large granule-containing lymphocytes--a new concept in hematology and immunology]. PMID- 3902560 TI - [Bone marrow donor system without compensation among relatives]. PMID- 3902561 TI - The hypothalamo-hypophysial system in acipenseridae. X. Corticoliberin-like immunoreactivity in the hypothalamus and hypophysis of Acipenser ruthenus L. AB - Using the unlabeled antibody peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) technique at the light microscopic level the distribution of immunoreactive corticoliberin has been studied in the hypothalamus and hypophysis of the sterlet. Corticoliberin containing cells have been revealed in the nucleus tuberalis and to lesser degree in the nucleus preopticus of the hypothalamus. The majority of labeled cells is located subependymally or between the ependymal cells. Some dendrites of corticoliberin-containing cells can be followed toward the ventricular lumen. Their axons project to the anterior neurohypophysis (proximal neurosecretory contact region) where they terminate in contact with the primary portal capillaries. Single terminals containing immunoreactive corticoliberin are seen in the roots of the posterior neurohypophysis on the border region between the neurohypophysis and the hypophysial pars intermedia, and sometimes in contact with the capillaries of the general circulation. The possible role of corticoliberin in the regulation of the function of glandular cells of both the pars distalis and pars intermedia is discussed. PMID- 3902563 TI - Elevated levels of petite formation in strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae restored to respiratory competence. I. Association of both high and moderate frequencies of petite mutant formation with the presence of aberrant mitochondrial DNA. AB - When recently arisen spontaneous petite mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae are crossed, respiratory competent diploids can be recovered. Such restored strains can be divided into two groups having sectored or unsectored colony morphology, the former being due to an elevated level of spontaneous petite mutation. On the basis of petite frequency, the sectored strains can be subdivided into those with a moderate frequency (5-16%) and those with a high frequency (greater than 60%) of petite formation. Each of the three categories of restored strains can be found on crossing two petites, suggesting either that the parental mutants contain a heterogeneous population of deleted mtDNAs at the time of mating or that different interactions can occur between the defective molecules. Restriction endonuclease analysis of mtDNA from restored strains that have a wild type petite frequency showed that they had recovered a wild-type mtDNA fragmentation pattern. Conversely, all examined cultures from both categories of sectored strains contained aberrant mitochondrial genomes that were perpetuated without change over at least 200 generations. In addition, sectored colony siblings can have different aberrant mtDNAs. The finding that two sectored, restored strains from different crosses have identical but aberrant mtDNAs provides evidence for preferred deletion sites from the mitochondrial genome. Although it appears that mtDNAs from sectored strains invariably contain duplications, there is no apparent correlation between the size of the duplication and spontaneous petite frequency. PMID- 3902562 TI - Escherichia coli Rho factor is involved in lysis of bacteriophage T4-infected cells. AB - A Rid (Rho interaction deficient) phenotype of bacteriophage T4 mutants was defined by cold-sensitive restriction (lack of plaque formation) on rho+ hosts carrying additional polar mutations in unrelated genes, coupled to suppression (plaque formation) in otherwise isogenic strains carrying either a polarity suppressing rho or a multicopy plasmid expressing the rho+ allele. This suggests that the restriction may be due to lower levels of Rho than what is available to T4 in the suppressing strains.--Rid394 X 4 was isolated upon hydroxylamine mutagenesis and mapped in the t gene; other t mutants (and mot, as well as dda dexA double mutants) also showed a Rid phenotype. In liquid culture in strains that restricted plaque formation Rid394 X 4 showed strong lysis inhibition (a known t- phenotype) but no prolonged phage production (another well-known t- phenotype). This implies that when Rho is limiting the t mutant shuts off phage production at the normal time. Lysis inhibition was partially relieved, and phage production prolonged to varying extents depending on growth conditions in strains that allowed plaque formation. No significant effect on early gene expression were found. Apparently, both mutant (polarity-suppressing) and wild-type Rho can function in prolonging phage production and partially relieving lysis inhibition of Rid394 X 4 when present at a sufficiently high level, and Rho may play other role(s) in T4 development than in early gene regulation. PMID- 3902564 TI - [Molecular mechanisms of the initiation of complete and mosaic mutations]. AB - To study the molecular basis of the origin of complete and mosaic mutants, pBR322 plasmid with one- or two-stranded DNA damage was constructed by limited chemical modification of the plasmid DNA. Damage of one strand of DNA resulted in induction of mosaic mutants. Data were obtained indicating that complete mutations arise as a result of damage of two strands in the region of the mutagenized gene. PMID- 3902565 TI - [Isolation and mapping of a mutation leading to damage in the cytoplasmic specific component of the fructose transport system in Escherichia coli K-12 bacteria]. AB - A mutant delta ptsH of Escherichia coli was used to obtain a mutation which damages a function of cytoplasmic specific component of the fructose phosphotransferase system--FPr protein. This mutation was mapped using a number of genetical methods. In conjugational crosses the mutation was localized at 47 min of the E. coli chromosomal map. The gene responsible for this defect was designated fpr. In P1 mediated transduction and in conjugational three-factorial crosses the order of the markers in this region was established as: gyrA-ompC-fpr ptsF-...-his. The frequency of cotransduction of the fpr gene was 4.5 and 35% with gyrA and ompC markers, respectively. In fructose containing minimal medium the doubling time of the ptsH+fpr mutant was lower than that of the delta ptsHfpr+ mutant. Also, the doubling time of the fpr mutant depends on concentration of fructose in growth medium but is independent of the amount of this sugar in the case of the delta ptsH mutant. PMID- 3902566 TI - [Induced mutagenesis of plasmid as well as chromosomal genes inserted into plasmid DNA. II. The mutagenic action of chemical factors]. AB - To proceed the works on induced mutagenesis in plasmids, mutagenic effects of chemicals on the DNA of RSF2124 plasmid mediating colicine E1 biosynthesis and resistance to ampicillin, were studied. After exposure to mutagens, plasmid DNA was used to transform Escherichia coli C600 rk-mk-cells. The lethal effect was estimated from inactivation of the ampicillin marker, the mutagenic effect being measured by the appearance of mutants unable to synthesize colicine (Col-). The reaction of the plasmid DNA with a mutagen was stopped by 10-fold dilutions of aliquots in TEN buffer, followed by dialysis in 10 mH CaCl2 for 24 h. To select the most efficient mutagens for plasmid DNA, the compounds were predominantly tested which are known to be effective in other systems (transforming and transfecting DNA, microbial viruses). An a result, all chemicals tested by their activity were classified into 4 groups: inducing more than 100 fold increase (hydroxylamine, O-methylhydroxylamine); inducing 10 fold increase (UV irradiation, lambda = 254 nm; W-mutagenesis, gamma-irradiation, nitrous acid, mitomycin C); inducing less than 10fold increase (indirect UV-mutagenesis, nitrous acid, beta-chloroethyldiethylamine hydrochloride, nitrosoguanidine); no mutagenic effect (acridine orange, ethyl methane sulfonate, sodium azide, O-beta diethylhydroxylamine). PMID- 3902567 TI - [Genetic problems of hereditary polyposis of the large intestine. I. An analysis of the interrelation with intestinal cancer]. AB - An attempt has been made to estimate the correlation of oncological illnesses in the families within the limits of segregational and correlational analyses, considering the fact of accumulation in the families of probands with autosomal dominant polyposes of colon of the cases of primary (without preceding polyposes) colon cancer. Significant correlation was found between the hereditary polyposes and primary colon cancer in the families studied. Based on these data, a hypothesis is discussed of the main gene and its modifications on the phenotypical version in the form of primary benign (polyposes) and malignant (cancer) pathology. No significant correlation was found between colon polyposes and cancer of stomach in the families. PMID- 3902568 TI - Sequence organization of the mitochondrial genome of yeast--a review. AB - We have compiled the available primary structural data for the mitochondrial genome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and have estimated the size of the remaining gaps, which represent 12-13% of the genome. The lengths of sequenced regions and of gaps lead to a new assessment of genome sizes; these range (in round figures) from 85 000 bp for the long genomes, to 78 000 bp for the short genomes, to 74 000 bp for the supershort genome of Saccharomyces carlsbergensis. These values are 8-11% higher than those previously estimated from restriction fragments. Interstrain differences concern not only facultative intervening sequences (introns) and mini-inserts, but also insertions/deletions in intergenic sequences. The primary structure appears to be extremely conserved in genes and ori sequences, and highly conserved in intergenic sequences. Since coding sequences represent at most 33-35% of the genome, at least two thirds of the genome are formed by noncoding and yet highly conserved sequences. The G + C level of genes or exon is 25%, and that of intronic open reading frames (ORFs) 22%; increasingly lower values are shown by intronic closed reading frames (CRFs), 20%, ori sequences, 19%, intergenic ORFs, 17.5% and intergenic sequences, 15%. PMID- 3902569 TI - Single-stranded hexameric linkers: a system for in-phase insertion mutagenesis and protein engineering. AB - An efficient method for introducing two (or four) codons into a cloned gene has been developed. Single-stranded (ss) hexameric linkers are inserted into a plasmid linearized at cohesive-end restriction sites. The resultant 6 (or 12)-bp insertion creates a new 6-bp restriction site. Plasmids containing linker insertions are enriched by using biochemical selection, or selected by using a kanamycin-resistance (KmR) cassette (biological selection). A total of 57 new linkers have been designed, and compatible KmR cassettes flanked by eleven different restriction sites have been constructed. Two-codon insertions into the tetracycline-resistance (TcR) gene of pBR322 yielded a series of new plasmid vectors. Moreover, proteins with internally duplicated domains have been constructed from beta-lactamase (ApR) insertions into the ApR gene of pBR322. Some of the resulting "gemini" proteins retained the beta-lactamase activity. PMID- 3902571 TI - Transformation of Aspergillus niger using the argB gene of Aspergillus nidulans. AB - A mutant of Aspergillus niger defective in ornithine transcarbamylase function was transformed with plasmids carrying a functional copy of the argB gene of Aspergillus nidulans after treatment of spheroplasts in the presence of polyethylene glycol and calcium ions. The plasmid pDG3 gave stable transformants at a frequency of 4 per microgram of input DNA. Southern blot analysis of DNA from transformants showed that pDG3 DNA had integrated into the A. niger chromosomes at a variety of locations. The transformants were phenotypically stable for many mitotic divisions. This procedure may potentially be used to insert any gene into the genome of A. niger. A cosmid shuttle vector, pDG1, for cloning in Aspergillus was also constructed. PMID- 3902570 TI - Secretion of mature mouse interleukin-2 by Saccharomyces cerevisiae: use of a general secretion vector containing promoter and leader sequences of the mating pheromone alpha-factor. AB - We have constructed a general expression vector which allows the synthesis and secretion of processed gene products in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This vector contains yeast DNA, including the promoter of the mating pheromone (alpha factor), its downstream leader sequence, and the TRP5 terminator. A cDNA [encoding mature mouse interleukin-2 (IL-2); Yokota et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82 (1984) 68-72] was fused immediately downstream to the alpha-factor leader sequence. The resulting recombinant plasmid directed the synthesis of mature mouse IL-2 in S. cerevisiae, with most of the T-cell growth-factor (TCGF) activity secreted into the culture fluid and extracellular space. TCGF activities in the cell extract, as well as in the culture fluid, increased in parallel with cell growth. Production of mature mouse IL-2 was inhibited by tunicamycin (TM), with precursor molecules accumulating in the cell extract. The precursor was processed accurately at the junction between the alpha-factor peptide leader sequence and the coding sequence downstream, yielding mature IL-2. The Mr of the secreted mouse IL-2 determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) was 17 kDal, a value expected for the mature mouse IL-2 polypeptide based on the nucleotide (nt) sequence. PMID- 3902572 TI - Molecular cloning of the terminal hairpin of vaccinia virus DNA as an imperfect palindrome in an Escherichia coli plasmid. AB - The genome of vaccinia virus is a linear duplex molecule of approximately 185 kb with hairpins at each end that link the complementary strands. The hairpins, which exist in two forms that are inverted and complementary in sequence, were isolated as XbaI restriction fragments and converted to a linear intermolecular duplex structure by denaturation and reannealing. The latter was then stably cloned as a 142-bp imperfect palindrome in an Escherichia coli plasmid. The insert was excised from the plasmid and the palindrome was extended on both sides by ligating it to the adjacent vaccinia virus DNA segment. The resulting fragment was cloned as a 278-bp imperfect palindrome. Restriction endonuclease analysis and DNA sequencing indicated the absence of any deletions or rearrangements. After excision from the plasmid, the palindrome was converted by heating and rapid cooling to the original two hairpin forms. In this manner, large quantities of vaccinia virus telomeres may be obtained for physical and biochemical studies. PMID- 3902573 TI - The complete nucleotide sequence of a rice 25S.rRNA gene. AB - The complete nucleotide (nt) sequence of a rice nuclear 25S.rRNA gene has been determined. The 25S.rRNA-coding region is 3377 bp long. The G + C content is 59.4%. The structural organization of this rRNA is very similar to that of yeast 26S rRNA. PMID- 3902574 TI - Screening expression libraries with nonradioactive immunological probes. AB - An immunological screening method employing protein A-peroxidase which does not require radiolabelled antibodies for detection of Escherichia coli colonies synthesizing foreign proteins in a cDNA expression library is described. The technique is sensitive, simpler and more rapid than the procedures that rely on radiolabelled antibodies and autoradiography. PMID- 3902575 TI - Use of an oligonucleotide probe to detect transplacement of an amber mutation into a yeast histone H3 gene. AB - We have used a synthetic 17-mer to direct mutagenesis of the cloned yeast histone H3 gene HHT2, creating an amber mutation at amino acid 41. This point mutation did not alter the restriction pattern of the HHT2 gene nor was it expected to provide an easily scorable phenotype in vivo. Therefore, nucleic acid hybridization was used to detect this point mutation during strain construction. The oligonucleotide was used to probe yeast genomic Southern blots to detect integration of the plasmid bearing the mutant HHT2 gene into the genome, and then to score the eventual excision of the plasmid vector with retention of the mutant gene on the chromosome. This technique can be used to score virtually any engineered point mutations in yeast. PMID- 3902576 TI - Repetitive extragenic palindromic (REP) sequences in the Escherichia coli gdhA gene. AB - Deletions of the 3' flanking DNA region of the glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) structural gene from Escherichia coli K-12, have been produced on a plasmid that carries the complete gdhA gene. Those deletions include part of the repetitive extragenic palindromic (REP) sequences proposed by Stern et al. [Cell 37 (1984) 1015-1026], as a novel and major feature of the bacterial genome. The effect of these deletions on the final GDH level in the cell, has been determined. A broader compilation, analysis and alternative functions of the REP sequences, is also presented. PMID- 3902577 TI - DNA repair, antibody diversity, and aging. AB - Proposed relationships of DNA repair, mutation, and the process of generation of antibody diversity allow new insights into the mechanism of aging. Pathways of antibody development are reviewed with special attention to steps which generate diversity. The normal process of combinatorial fusion of V region gene segments (i.e. V, D, and J) coding for the entire V region, plus the somatic variation within the fusing sites, appear to be enough to account for adequate antibody diversity without a hypermutation mechanism. We propose that the somatic hypermutation commonly observed in antibody V regions may have limited usefulness to expand the diversity of the antigen-binding capacity of the individual. Rather, such mutation may serve as a time clock for aging. Knowledge about humans with specific abnormal repair and/or mutation functions will allow testing of this proposal. PMID- 3902578 TI - Aging of cell membrane molecules leads to appearance of an aging antigen and removal of senescent cells. AB - Investigations into mechanisms by which macrophages distinguish mature from senescent self revealed that a Mr approximately 62,000 glycoprotein, the senescent cell antigen, appears on the surface of senescent and damaged cells. It is recognized by the antigen-binding Fab region of a specific IgG autoantibody in serum which attaches to cells carrying the senescent cell antigen and initiates their removal by macrophages. The senescent cell antigen was first observed on the surface of senescent human erythrocytes but has since been demonstrated on all cells examined. Senescent cell antigen appears to be derived from band 3, the major anion transport protein of the erythrocyte. The current working hypothesis is that degradation of band 3 causes a conformational change in its tertiary structure that generates the senescent cell antigen. PMID- 3902579 TI - Age-related changes in the formation of glucocorticoid and insulin receptors during lectin-induced activation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes. AB - The influence of age on the number of receptors for insulin and glucocorticoids on human T cells was examined. The specific binding of 125I-insulin and 3H dexamethasone to phytohemagglutinin-(PHA)-stimulated T cells was found to decrease with age. Populations of PHA-stimulated T cells, however, are heterogeneous with respect to cell cycle phases, and cells in different cell cycle phases have been shown to bear different numbers of receptors. Therefore, it was not clear whether the measured decrease in specific binding in cultures from aged donors was due to a decreased number of activated cells or to a decreased number of binding sites per cell. In parallel to measurements of receptors, performed at different times following stimulation (20 and 44 h), numbers of cells in the different early cell cycle phases G0, G1a and G1b were quantitated by flow cytometry. In this way the receptor number per cell in each phase of the cell cycle could be determined. Receptor numbers on resting cells and in the earliest phase of activation (G1a) were found not to be influenced by age. A decreased receptor density, however, was apparent on G1b cells from aged donors. PMID- 3902580 TI - Resorption of subretinal fluid by transepithelial flow of the retinal pigment epithelium. AB - The efficiency of flow through the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) was calculated by studying the postoperative course of the subretinal fluid after nondrainage surgery of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. In ten eyes of ten patients the preoperative volume of the subretinal fluid, area of the RPE participating in resorption of the fluid, elapsed time until resorption of the fluid, and efficiency of the flow were studied using B-scan ultrasonography. The flow through the RPE was 261 microliter/cm2 per day and could drain more than 50% of the vitreous volume to the choroidal circulation. These data coincide well with early reattachment of neural retina in nondrainage surgery. No statistically significant difference in this flow was seen between young and old patients. PMID- 3902581 TI - [Possibility of using the sister chromatid exchange test and the Ames test for the carcinogenicity screening of the products and semiproducts in the aniline dye industry]. PMID- 3902582 TI - [S. P. Lovtsov on the organization of health inspection for industrial diseases in post-reform Russia]. PMID- 3902583 TI - [Postoperative management and rehabilitation of women operated on for stress induced urinary incontinence]. PMID- 3902584 TI - [Evaluation of intrafascial hysterectomy by the Aldridge and Meredith methods modified by us]. PMID- 3902585 TI - [Epimestrol (Stimovul) in gynecology]. PMID- 3902586 TI - Clonal proliferation and cell density of chondrocytes isolated from human fetal epiphyseal, human adult articular and nasal septal cartilage. Influence of hormones and growth factors. AB - The present study characterizes the cell density and cellular growth characteristics of functionally and morphogenetically different human cartilages. In fetal epiphyseal, in postnatal nasal septal and in articular cartilage the influence of aging on cell density and in vitro growth characteristics were investigated. Cell density was highest in fetal epiphyseal cartilage and lowest in articular cartilage. In vitro growth of isolated chondrocytes as measured by clonal growth in a semisolid assay was almost identically high in fetal epiphyseal and septal cartilage and significantly lower in articular cartilage. Cell density increased with age in the nasal septal cartilage whereas no age dependency was found in the other cartilages. The stimulatory effects of human biosynthetic insulin, human growth hormone and partially purified IGF I on clonal growth of chrondrocytes were assessed. Only IGF I stimulated clonal growth of chondrocytes and its stimulatory effect was significantly higher in postnatal than in fetal chondrocytes. PMID- 3902587 TI - Duodenal bulb plasma cells in duodenitis and duodenal ulceration. AB - Using an immunoperoxidase technique IgA, IgM, IgE and IgG plasma cells were studied in endoscopic duodenal bulb biopsies taken from 14 controls, 25 patients with grade 1 duodenitis (Whitehead classification), 12 patients with grade 2 duodenitis and three with grade 3 duodenitis. The control counts were compared with those in the jejunum and rectum. In addition cell counts were compared in 16 pairs of patients, with and without duodenal ulcer, exactly matched for grade of duodenitis. The control counts were not significantly different from counts in jejunum or rectum except for IgG which were higher in the jejunum (p = 0.03). IgA plasma cell counts were significantly increased in both grade 1 and grade 2 duodenitis compared with controls (p less than 0.05 and p less than 0.01). There was no significant difference for the other plasma cells. All plasma cell counts were decreased in the small group of grade 3 duodenitis compared with the other groups. There was no significant difference between counts in duodenitis whether or not there was associated duodenal ulceration. The isolated IgA plasma cell response of the duodenal bulb mucosa in duodenitis is very different from that of the jejunal mucosa in coeliac disease, and the rectal mucosa in inflammatory bowel disease and bacterial colitis and probably represents the basic response to any mucosal damage. PMID- 3902588 TI - Incompletely and completely healed duodenal ulcers' outcome in maintenance treatment: a double blind controlled study. AB - A six month, double blind, controlled study was performed in 107 asymptomatic duodenal ulcer patients who, after short term cimetidine treatment, showed complete or incomplete endoscopic healing. Patients were stratified according to the type of healing and randomly allocated to cimetidine (200 mg at lunch, 400 mg at bedtime) or placebo. Endoscopic examinations were carried out after six months or when symptoms recurred. Eighty seven patients completed the maintenance trial. Of the 56 patients admitted to the study with complete healing, 30 were placed on cimetidine and 26 on placebo. Of the 31 patients admitted with incomplete healing, 15 were placed on cimetidine, and 16 on placebo. Results showed that, regardless of maintenance treatment, patients with incompletely healed ulcers had a higher ulcer crater recurrence rate, than patients with complete healing (71% vs 34%; p less than 0.005). A significantly higher ulcer crater recurrence was observed in incompletely healed ulcer patients, even when cimetidine or placebo treatment groups were considered separately. Irrespective of the type of healing, ulcer crater recurrence was more frequent in placebo treated patients than in those treated with cimetidine (67% vs 29%; p less than 0.001). We conclude that, in order to prevent a high ulcer recurrence rate, maintenance treatment should start only after the assessment of a complete endoscopic healing of duodenal ulcers. PMID- 3902589 TI - What has technology done to gastroenterology? PMID- 3902591 TI - [Trichomoniasis]. PMID- 3902590 TI - Controlled trial comparing prednisolone with an elemental diet plus non absorbable antibiotics in active Crohn's disease. AB - In a randomised clinical trial, patients with moderately active Crohn's disease received either prednisolone 0.5 mg/kg/day plus a normal diet, or an elemental diet plus oral framycetin, colistin and nystatin. Patients were assessed using the Crohn's disease activity index (CDAI), ESR, and faecal granulocyte excretion quantified by 111In-autologous leucocytes. Five patients were intolerant of the elemental diet plus antibiotics and were withdrawn from the trial within 72 hours. Sixteen patients completed 10 days treatment on each regime. Fifteen of 16 patients on elemental diet plus antibiotics and all 16 patients on prednisolone improved with marked, but statistically indistinguishable falls in CDAI, ESR, and faecal granulocyte excretion between the two groups. Thus a regime decreasing the intraluminal concentration of bacteria and complex food molecules, was associated with rapid improvement in activity of Crohn's disease. This suggests that these intraluminal factors play a role in maintaining inflammation and that their removal or alteration offers an approach to management. PMID- 3902593 TI - [Current status of syphilis diagnosis]. PMID- 3902592 TI - [Mycoplasma infections in gynecology]. PMID- 3902595 TI - [Mycoses in gynecology and obstetrics--a constant challenge]. PMID- 3902594 TI - [Partner diagnosis with special reference to urogenital infections caused by Chlamydia trachomatis and mycoplasmas from the viewpoint of the urologist]. PMID- 3902596 TI - Surgical voice restoration procedures for laryngectomees: a review. PMID- 3902597 TI - [Pathology of lens implantation]. PMID- 3902598 TI - [Experiences with Carnivora]. PMID- 3902599 TI - [Endoscopic Doppler sonography in gastroenterology]. PMID- 3902600 TI - [Wound closure with giant ants. Remedies and therapeutic methods in American Indian medicine]. PMID- 3902601 TI - Effect of sucralfate on gastroesophageal reflux in esophagitis. AB - Gastroesophageal reflux was assessed in 18 patients with endoscopically and histologically verified esophagitis, and 15 asymptomatic normal subjects, by a portable receiving system. The qualitative evaluation of the frequency of reflux episodes, normalized mean pH, normalized mean [H+] and the acid clearance rate is found to be indicative of gastroesophageal reflux. Twelve weeks of treatment with sucralfate in an open clinical trial resulted in a significant reduction of gastroesophageal reflux and the elimination of esophageal mucosal damage. Barrett++'s epithelium was found in a rather high proportion and proved to be resistant to treatment. It is suggested that the observed improvement is due to the barrier protecting properties of sucralfate restoring the motor function of the distal esophagus. PMID- 3902602 TI - Intragastric acidity under 28-day omeprazole treatment. AB - The aim of our study was to investigate both the effect of 28-day treatment with omeprazole (30 mg orally once daily) and of repeated investigations on 24 h intragastric H+ activity. In double-blind randomized order, 10 healthy subjects received omeprazole and 5 placebo. 24 h acidity was determined before, during and after, treatment on days -8, -4, -1, 14 and 28, 32, 36, 42 and 70. A 90% reduction in the 24 h acid concentration was found after 14 and 28 days of treatment. Nocturnal H+ activity was decreased by 85%. No hyperacidity was observed after withdrawal of the drug. Control levels before, (between days -8 and -1) and after, therapy (between days 36 and 70), however, showed a significant increase in 24 h intragastric H+-activity. Summarizing, omeprazole 30 mg mane inhibits gastric acidity markedly both day and night. Repeated investigations at short intervals lead to a significant increase in intragastric acid concentration. PMID- 3902603 TI - Short-term treatment of duodenal ulcer with a single nocturnal dose of ranitidine: an up-to-date overview of Italian experience. AB - The author compares the efficacy of ranitidine 300 mg in a single bedtime dose, and ranitidine 150 mg twice daily, in 509 duodenal ulcer patients treated in two Italian multicentre trials. In the first of these trials the treatment period was 4 weeks plus a further 4 weeks in patients whose ulcers failed to heal, as against 2 plus 4 weeks in the other trial. Given the homogeneity of the patient entry and exclusion criteria, and the fact that identical clinical and endoscopic evaluation criteria were used in the two trials, the results are grouped together for analysis purposes. This permits detailed evaluation of the therapeutic effects of the two ranitidine regimens at two-weekly intervals over a total period of 8 weeks. With the single bedtime dose regimen, healing rates were 47.2% after 2 weeks, 81.7% after 4 weeks, 83.6% after 6 weeks and 94.8% after 8 weeks, while the corresponding rates for the twice-daily regimen were substantially similar (51.9%, 84.1%, 89.5% and 95.8%). The two regimens also produced comparable results in terms of relief of daytime and nocturnal ulcer pain. The Italian experience confirms, in a fairly large patient population, that the simpler ranitidine regimen represented by the single bedtime dose fully preserves its therapeutic efficacy in duodenal ulcer. Moreover, the fact that no differences were noted in responses of patients from the various different regions of Italy with their greatly differing constitutional, environmental and alimentary characteristics, appears to suggest that such factors are not sufficient in themselves to affect the therapeutic results obtained with the drug. PMID- 3902604 TI - Comparison of mycoplasma(s)-derived B cell mitogenic activity with lipopolysaccharide. AB - Culture fluid (CF) from LA cells (LA-CF) strongly stimulated the proliferation of normal A/J mouse spleen cells in vitro. This activity was nondialyzable, labile to 56 degrees C for 20 min., sedimentable, H-2 and species unrestricted, and was found to be mycoplasma-derived. LA-CF was active for B cells because in vitro treatment of A/J spleen cells with anti mouse Ig antiserum and complement eliminated their responsiveness to LA-CF. LA-CF stimulated the resting, small spleen cells of the nude mouse as strongly as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) did. Spleen cells of the X chromosome-linked immunodeficiency (Xid) mouse were stimulated by LPS to a half of the control mice, and by LA-CF to a quarter of the control. LPS-low responder (C3H/HeJ) spleen cells were also stimulated by LA-CF. The mycoplasma(s)-derived B cell mitogen in the LA-CF was different from LPS. PMID- 3902605 TI - Estimates of in vivo insulin action in humans: comparison of the insulin clamp and the minimal model techniques. AB - The insulin clamp technique, which is often assumed to measure the ability of insulin to stimulate glucose uptake, actually measures both insulin-independent and insulin-dependent glucose uptake. In contrast, the minimal model technique, recently introduced by Bergman, Philips and Cobelli (1981), attempts to directly estimate insulin sensitivity (insulin-dependent glucose uptake = S1) by measurement of plasma glucose and insulin values during a 3 hour intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT). In the present study estimates of insulin action derived from the insulin clamp and the minimal model technique were compared in 20 humans with varying degrees of glucose tolerance. The insulin response during the IVGTT was too low to permit calculation of S1 in 5 subjects - 4 with Type II diabetes and 1 with normal glucose tolerance. Although the correlation coefficient between the two tests in the other 15 patients was statistically significant (r = 0.53, P less than 0.05), this statement is somewhat misleading. Thus, S1 in the 4/7 patients with Type II diabetes in whom it could be measured was zero, and the correlation between estimates of insulin action with the two techniques in the 11 non-diabetic patients was not statistically significant (r = 0.41, P = NS) when these 4 patients were removed from the analysis. In conclusion, these data indicate that there was only a weak correlation between estimates of insulin action assessed with the insulin clamp and the minimal model techniques. One explanation for this observation is that the insulin-independent component of total glucose disposal both varies widely among patients and contributes significantly to glucose uptake as assessed by the insulin clamp technique.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3902606 TI - Hypertransferrinemia in acromegaly. PMID- 3902608 TI - Menstrual disorders associated with hyperprolactinemia. AB - In hyperprolactinemia, menstrual disorders ranging from irregular bleeding, insufficient luteal phase, spanio-amenorrhea, to anovulatory cycles and amenorrhea, are frequent. Multiple mechanisms are involved in these disorders: hyperprolactinemia could act at the hypothalamic level on LHRH secretion and directly on LH and sex steroids secretion. Hyperprolactinemia could also act by impairing fertilization or implantation at the endometrial level. PMID- 3902607 TI - Involvement of hypothalamic dopamine in the regulation of prolactin secretion. AB - The neuroendocrine control of prolactin (PRL) secretion is known to be a multifactorial process, but dopamine (DA) secreted by the tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic (TIDA) neurons of the hypothalamus is believed to exert a predominant inhibitory control on the secretion of PRL. The secretory activity of the TIDA neurons, including the rate of biosynthesis of DA and the rate of release of the neurohormone into hypophysial portal blood, can be readily evaluated in the rat. In most conditions in which an altered secretion of PRL has been documented, an altered secretory activity of the TIDA neurons has been found. When an acute reduction in the secretion of DA is observed, an increased secretion of PRL is associated, with an inverse relationship between DA and PRL concentrations in hypophysial portal and systemic blood, respectively. However, the secretion of PRL can be regulated by PRL itself through stimulation of the secretory activity of the TIDA neurons, and consequently hyperprolactinemia can be observed concomitantly with a sustained high secretion of DA, as seen after treatment with estrogen. The short loop feedback of PRL secretion seems to be impaired in the aging rat, since a sustained reduced hypothalamic secretion of DA is observed in spite of long-term hyperprolactinemia. PMID- 3902609 TI - Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone facilitates the display of sexual behavior in male voles (Microtus canicaudus). AB - To investigate whether luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) influences the sexual behavior of male gray-tailed voles (Microtus canicaudus), subcutaneous injections of LHRH (500 ng) were given to intact males and to castrated males with different levels of testosterone replacement. Intact voles, as well as castrated voles with Silastic capsules of testosterone propionate, showed significant facilitation of several parameters of masculine sexual behavior 2 hr after LHRH injection, compared to saline controls. Castrated voles without testosterone replacement showed no sexual behavior, even when injected with LHRH. These results support the hypothesis that LHRH regulates sexual behavior in M. canicaudus and that the behavioral response to LHRH is dependent on testosterone. The specific behavioral parameters affected suggest that LHRH changes the arousal component of masculine behavior in voles. PMID- 3902610 TI - Women's accounts of psychiatric illness and institutionalization. AB - Throughout the past century and a half, American women have written published accounts dealing with their mental illness and its treatment, yet this area of literature has been largely overlooked by those who study the relationship between gender and mental health. In their widely varying accounts--some autobiography, some thinly disguised fiction, and some poetry--women have provided valuable insights into the relationship between their mental illness and its treatment and their roles as wives, daughters, victims, and advocates. The accounts also reflect the impact of female-oriented psychiatric therapies, cultivation of stereotypical female behaviors, and deinstitutionalization policies on women psychiatric patients. The author illustrates these themes with passages from the approximately 175 accounts he has located to date. PMID- 3902611 TI - Anorexia nervosa and bulimia: a review of clinical issues. AB - As increasing numbers of teenage and young adult women of all economic and educational backgrounds seek treatment for eating disorders, primarily anorexia nervosa and bulimia, mental health professionals must become knowledgeable about diagnosis and treatment of these conditions. The author's review of the literature focuses on current and often controversial views about diagnosis, incidence, etiology, and treatment of anorexia nervosa and bulimia. Topics discussed include specific diagnostic criteria; biological, psychodynamic, and psychosocial underpinnings; and experimental pharmacologic and psychotherapeutic treatments. Two case studies illustrating general characteristics of anorexia nervosa and bulimia are presented. PMID- 3902612 TI - HHS begins to monitor recent joint ventures. PMID- 3902613 TI - Planners and marketers see interests merge. PMID- 3902614 TI - Diversification sparks concern over continuity of care. PMID- 3902615 TI - Fluorescence of damaged myocardium in endomyocardial biopsy specimens for the evaluation of cardiac transplantation. AB - Sections stained with hematoxylin-eosin from 138 endomyocardial biopsy specimens were examined in a Zeiss epifluorescent ultraviolet microscope for fluorescence indicative of myocardial injury. The biopsy specimens had been obtained from cardiac transplant recipients for routine follow-up evaluation or due to clinically suspected episodes of rejection. Yellow fluorescence and/or granularity of necrotic myofibers (with normal myocardium appearing olive green to yellow-brown), as reported in autopsy series, was observed in 22 of our specimens, for which the results of staining with hematoxylin-eosin and/or trichrome were found to contain areas of fiber fluorescence that were not recognized by staining with hematoxylin-eosin or trichrome. In some areas in an additional 13 specimens, the fiber damage seen on ultraviolet examination was greater than that suspected on the basis of the light microscopic morphologic changes. In seven cases routine light microscopy revealed fiber necrosis that could not be confirmed by ultraviolet illumination study. Fluorescence of damaged myofibers under ultraviolet illumination may contribute to the detection of early or mild myocardial injury in endomyocardial biopsy specimens from cardiac transplant recipients. PMID- 3902617 TI - Atherosclerosis: new horizons. PMID- 3902616 TI - Immunohistologic demonstration of abnormal colonic crypt cell kinetics in ulcerative colitis. AB - A monoclonal antibody, Ki-67, that reacts with cells in the proliferative phases (G1, G2, S, and M) of the cell cycle was used in an immunohistochemical labeling reaction to examine the colonic crypt epithelium in active ulcerative colitis, inactive ulcerative colitis, and normal mucosa. The proportions of labeled cells in the lower two thirds (proliferative zone) and in the upper quarter of the crypt were determined. The proportions of Ki-67-positive crypt epithelial cells in both the proliferative zone and the upper crypt were higher in biopsy specimens from patients with active ulcerative colitis than from patients with normal mucosa or with inactive ulcerative colitis. In inactive ulcerative colitis the proportion of Ki-67-positive epithelial cells in the proliferative zone of the crypt was higher than in normal mucosa. These results are similar to those obtained in studies using tritiated thymidine to determine the proportion of cells in the DNA-synthesizing thymidine to determine the proportion of cells in the DNA-synthesizing phase of the cell cycle and suggest that immuno histochemical staining with Ki-67 may be a practical method for measuring the proliferative activity of epithelial cells in patients with ulcerative colitis and other disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 3902618 TI - Kinetic modeling of the glucoregulatory system to improve insulin therapy. PMID- 3902619 TI - Structure and expression of murine fourth complement component (C4) and sex limited protein (Slp). AB - During the past 4 years we have used recombinant DNA technology to build upon previous genetic and biochemical studies of the C4 and Slp genes and their products. We have isolated DNA probes specific for C4 and Slp, determined the complete sequences of C4 and Slp molecules, established the role of liver mRNA levels in determining serum C4 and Slp levels identified the C4 and Slp genes in Balb/c mice, and begun to probe the structures of the C4 and Slp genes in a variety of inbred mouse strains. This work has provided the tools and a framework for future studies aimed at understanding the multiple functions of the C4 protein and the regulatory mechanisms controlling the expression of the C4 and Slp genes. PMID- 3902620 TI - Adrenal 21-hydroxylase cytochrome P-450 genes within the MHC class III region. AB - Genes encoding several serum complement components and the gene(s) for steroid 21 hydroxylase (21-OH) have been located in the class III region of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). All these genes are highly polymorphic in man, and these polymorphisms have been used to draw conclusions about the structure and function of these genes. For example, electrophoretic polymorphisms of the fourth component of complement (C4) have been shown to be controlled by two closely linked genes, which also control expression of the red cell antigens Rodgers and Chido. Steroid 21-OH deficiency (D) can occur in several forms which differ in severity, and because of genetic linkage disequilibrium with different HLA antigens the inheritance of these forms is consistent with the existence of several alleles at a single locus. When severe 21-OH D occurs in association with the HLA haplotype A3;Bw47;DR7, there is a simultaneous null allele at one of the C4 loci. This was hypothesized to result from a single deletion or rearrangement affecting the 21-OH and C4 loci and perhaps the HLA-B gene as well. To test this hypothesis and identify the 21-OH gene, a cDNA clone was isolated which encoded the cytochrome P450 specific for steroid 21-hydroxylation in the bovine adrenal gland. This clone hybridized to two genes in normal human DNA, but to only one gene in DNA from an individual homozygous for A3;Bw47;DR7. All individuals heterozygous for A3;Bw47;DR7 carry a heterozygous deletion of a gene. These experiments showed that at least one structural gene for the cytochrome P450 specific for 21-hydroxylation is located in the MHC, probably very near the C4 genes, and a mutation in this gene results in 21-OH D. Cosmid clones have been used to locate the 21-OH genes both in man and mouse. In both species, there are two 21-OH genes, each located immediately 3' of one of the two C4 genes, and oriented in the same direction as the C4 genes. In man, the gene located 3' of the C4B gene is deleted in 21-OH D on the Bw47 haplotype, but the gene 3' of the C4A gene is deleted in hormonally normal individuals on the A1;B8;C4AQO;C4B1;DR3 haplotype. Thus the 21-OH B gene is normally active in man, but the 21-OH A gene is not. PMID- 3902621 TI - Duplications of complement and non-complement genes of the H-2S region: evolutionary aspects of the C4 isotypes and molecular analysis of their expression variants. PMID- 3902622 TI - Molecular biology of the human and mouse MHC class III genes: phylogenetic conservation, genetics and regulation of expression. AB - The generation of complementary and genomic DNA clones for the human and mouse MHC class III genes has advanced the study of the organization, structure, genetics and expression of these loci. These clones have been useful in defining new polymorphic markers in each species and therefore permit a more complete genetic analysis of the complement cluster and the MHC as a whole. The coding sequences of the factor B and C4 genes are extensively conserved both within and between species, in contrast to the coding sequences of other MHC products. In human and mouse, the organization of the class III genes is similar with respect to order and position between the class II and class I regions of the MHC. However, these inter-species similarities in the organization and products of the class III genes does not extend to their regulation. In addition to complement gene expression being regulated differently between tissue sites within a species, expression is apparently regulated differently in analogous tissues between species. The considerable progress which has been made in the molecular analysis of C2, factor B and C4 using DNA clones forms the basis for the future study of the biology of the class III genes and the role of complement in inflammatory processes and in the immune system. PMID- 3902623 TI - The structure and genetics of the C2 and factor B genes. AB - This review summarises our current knowledge of the genetic organisation, structure and polymorphism of the loci for the complement proteins, C2 and Factor B--class III gene products of the major histocompatibility complex. cDNA probes specific for C2 and Factor B have been used to screen cosmid libraries of human genomic DNA, and this has allowed isolation and characterisation of the corresponding genes. Southern blot analysis of the cosmid clones and of uncloned genomic DNA has shown that there are single C2 and Factor B loci that are less than 500 bp apart. Molecular mapping has revealed that the C2 gene spans approximately 18 kb of DNA. This is in marked contrast to the Factor B gene which is 6 kb in length. The entire gene structure of the Factor B gene has been determined and the interesting features of this gene which have emerged from an examination of the intron-exon boundaries are discussed. C2 and Factor B are polymorphic and structural variants have been detected by differences in charge. The degree of polymorphism at the C2 and Factor B loci has been examined by Southern blot analysis of restriction digests of genomic DNA. Three DNA polymorphisms have been identified in the C2 gene. These polymorphisms subdivide the common allelic variant of C2 (C2C) and reveal that there is much greater variability at the C2 locus than that detected by protein typing. It is suggested that these DNA polymorphisms may serve as useful markers in the genetic analysis of diseases that are related to the major histocompatibility complex. PMID- 3902624 TI - Molecular organization and in vitro expression of murine class III genes. AB - These experiments demonstrate that at least two types of gene duplications have occurred during the evolution of the S region. The first type, which produced the C2 and factor B genes, involved a short segment of the chromosome encompassing a single gene. The related products have subsequently diverged yielding sequences which do not cross-hybridize. Further duplication of these genes has not been observed. The second type of duplication consisted of a much longer primordial sequence, spanning approximately 55 kb of genomic DNA and including at least two genes, C4/Slp and 21-hydroxylase. The duplicated sequences are separated by a segment of single copy sequence of as yet undefined length. These duplicated sequences have been relatively conserved. There is evidence that further duplication of this region is possible (as seen in the H-2w7 strain) although the exact nature of the increase in gene number has not been fully characterized. Detailed analysis of cosmid clones which span these two duplications has permitted the assignment of a new pair of loci to the S region, encoding 21 hydroxylase A and B. The advantage conferred by linkage of the gene encoding this adrenal steroid biosynthesis enzyme to the genes encoding complement components C2, factor B, and C4 is unclear, as is the advantage of the association of all of the class III genes with the remainder of the MHC. The availability of cloned sequences containing all of the class III genes permits further study of the factors which govern the tissue specificity of their expression and which confer androgen responsiveness on certain of the Slp alleles. PMID- 3902625 TI - The complement components coded in the major histocompatibility complexes and their biological activities. AB - The complement system has two pathways of activity, both dependent on the sequential conversion of proteolytic zymogens to active proteases leading to a common lytic complex and both with control proteins which inhibit or inactivate different steps in the cascade. Three of the components--C2, factor B and C4--are coded by closely linked genes in the MHC of man and mouse and have been placed relative to each other. The genes are polymorphic, particularly C4, with variable numbers of loci as well as many mutant forms. Some alleles of C4 show strikingly different reactivities in their haemolytic activity and this may be relevant to the association of susceptibility to autoimmune diseases with particular haplotypes in this section of HLA. PMID- 3902626 TI - Monocyte subsets in the production of inhibitory factor by Candida albicans activated human T cells. AB - Macrophages are essential for the proliferative response of human T lymphocytes to a purified polysaccharide extract from Candida albicans (MPPS). The role of macrophages as antigen-presenting cells in the production of an antigen non specific inhibitory factor (nsINH) by MPPS-activated T cells was also investigated. Fc receptor positive (FcR+) or negative (FcR-) plastic-adherent mononuclear cells were used as MPPS-presenting cells, and the results show that the FcR- subset is mainly responsible for the release of nsINH from activated T cells. PMID- 3902628 TI - Evidence against the red blood cell origin of mitogenic factors in mouse malarial infection. AB - The mean [3H]thymidine incorporation in response to stimulation of spleen cells of malaria-immune and non-immune BALB/c mice by normal mouse red blood cell culture supernatants were compared with unstimulated cultures of the same spleen cells. No significant difference was obtained between stimulated and unstimulated cultures for both immune and non-immune spleen cells. These findings do not support the hypothesis that erythrocyte-derived mitogenic factors occur in malarial infection. PMID- 3902627 TI - Susceptibility and HLA-B27 in post-dysenteric arthropathies. AB - A recent outbreak of bacillary dysentery in The Netherlands revealed that, despite the close association of HLA-B27 with post-dysenteric or reactive arthritis (ReA), not even in one family did all HLA-B27 positive patients infected by an arthritogenic bacterium, develop ReA. This dissociation shows that additional factors beside B27 may determine susceptibility to ReA. PMID- 3902629 TI - Uptake of 14C-labelled sugars and amino acids by Wuchereria bancrofti microfilariae in vitro. PMID- 3902630 TI - Effect of insulin on placental acetylcholine in normal and diabetic pregnancy. PMID- 3902631 TI - Histochemical distribution of acid phosphatase and acetylcholinesterase activity in in vivo and in vitro larval stages of Wuchereria bancrofti. PMID- 3902632 TI - Comparison of mutagenicity of Indian cigarettes and bidi smoke condensates. PMID- 3902633 TI - A new beta-2 microglobulin allele in mice defined by DNA sequencing. PMID- 3902634 TI - Comparative evaluation of candle jar & sealing techniques to assay chloroquine susceptibility of Plasmodium falciparum. PMID- 3902635 TI - An enzyme immunoassay titrating IgM antibody against phenolic glycolipid for diagnosis of lepromatous leprosy. PMID- 3902636 TI - Plasmid mediated resistance to silver ions in Escherichia coli. PMID- 3902637 TI - In vivo & in vitro development of Wuchereria bancrofti microfilariae. PMID- 3902639 TI - Complicated chloroquine-resistant malaria. PMID- 3902638 TI - Congenital solitary kidney with obstructive uropathy. PMID- 3902640 TI - Splenichilar lymphatic cyst. PMID- 3902641 TI - Plasma renin activity and electrolyte balance in two-kidney, one-clip hypertensive rats. PMID- 3902642 TI - [The Dental Museum of Lyon]. PMID- 3902643 TI - [TARG (torque, angulation, reference, guide)]. PMID- 3902644 TI - [Complaints of laboratory technicians]. PMID- 3902645 TI - Inactivation of key factors of the plasma proteinase cascade systems by Bacteroides gingivalis. AB - The effect of Bacteroides gingivalis W83 on various key components of the human plasma proteinase cascade systems was studied. When purified C1-inhibitor was incubated with the bacterium, the inhibitor was rapidly inactivated by limited proteolytic cleavage. In citrated whole plasma, C1-inhibitor, antithrombin, plasminogen, prekallikrein, prothrombinase complex, the clotting factor X, and most of the alpha 2-antiplasmin were functionally eliminated after 30 min of incubation with the bacterium. Fibrinogen disappeared from the plasma almost immediately upon mixing with the bacterial suspension. In contrast, there was no appreciable decrease in the bulk of other plasma proteins, such as various transport proteins (albumin, prealbumin, transferrin) and immunoglobulins, during 4 h of incubation with the bacterium. Most of the observed effects can be assigned to the proteolytic activity of the bacterium itself, since there was little evidence for generation of intrinsic plasma proteinase activity, despite the loss of proteinase inhibitory activities. B. gingivalis W83 thus seems to be equipped with proteolytic enzyme systems which selectively recognize and rapidly inactivate the most important proteinase inhibitors and proenzymes present in human plasma. This bacterium therefore seems to be able to efficiently paralyze the host's various defenses against invading microorganisms. PMID- 3902646 TI - In vitro adherence of Escherichia coli to endometrial epithelial cells of rats and influence of estradiol. AB - The influence of ovarian hormones on the adhesion of Escherichia coli to endometrial epithelial cells was investigated in an in vitro system. Endometrial cells liberated by collagenase from rat uteri were used. Optimal test conditions were obtained when 5 X 10(8) E. coli bacteria were added to 10(5) epithelial cells and incubated for 60 min. The adhesion of the organisms was inhibited by the addition of either mannose or alpha-methyl-D-mannopyranoside. When epithelial cells collected from uteri of estradiol-treated rats were used, the number of E. coli adhering to the cells was markedly lower than that adhering to epithelial cells collected from control rats. These results suggest that E. coli adheres to endometrial epithelial cells with so-called type 1 pili and that estradiol alters the nature of the endometrial epithelium and prevents the adherence of the organisms to the cells. PMID- 3902648 TI - Production and partial characterization of an elastolytic protease of Vibrio vulnificus. AB - Conditions are described for the production of large amounts of an extracellular elastolytic protease by Vibrio vulnificus. The yield of enzyme was maximal during the late exponential growth phase and was stable during the stationary growth phase in a medium composed of 2% Proteose Peptone and 1.5% NaCl. The protease has a molecular weight of ca. 50,500 (estimated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis), an isoelectric point of ca. 5.8, and a pH optimum range against azocasein and elastin of pH 7 to 8. The caseinolytic and elastase activities in protease preparations partially purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation were inseparable by gel filtration, hydrophobic interaction chromatography, and isoelectric focusing. Both activities were deleteriously affected by heat, low pH, heavy-metal ions, chelating agents, reducing agents, sodium cyanide, N-bromosuccinimide, alpha-2-macroglobulin, and phosphoramidon, but were unaffected by various trypsin inhibitors, chymostatin, aprotinin, leupeptin, pepstatin A, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, and N-ethylmaleimide. PMID- 3902647 TI - Endotoxin-induced selective dysfunction of rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes in response to endogenous chemotactic factors. AB - To assess the mechanism and specificity of polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) dysfunction induced by endotoxin, rabbits were injected intravenously with 100 micrograms of Escherichia coli endotoxin, and PMN function was studied 18 to 24 h later. Compared to PMN from normal rabbits, peripheral blood PMN from rabbits injected with endotoxin showed diminished chemotactic responsiveness to two endogenous peptides, C5a (complement) and platelet-derived growth factor, and to two endogenous lipids, leukotriene B4 and platelet-activating factor. The chemotactic response to the synthetic chemotactic peptide, N-formyl-methionyl leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP), was unimpaired. In contrast to migration, endotoxin injection resulted in inhibition of the secretory response to the two endogenous peptides but not to the lipids or to FMLP. At a 1:4 (vol/vol) dilution, the plasma either 1 or 24 h after the endotoxin injection inhibited normal PMN chemotactic responses to C5a but not to FMLP. Similarly, at a 1:10 dilution, this plasma inhibited normal PMN chemotactic responses to leukotriene B4. The factor responsible for inhibiting responses to leukotriene B4 was anionic, specific for leukotriene B4 responses, and greater than 12,000 daltons. These data may be relevant to understanding PMN dysfunction during gram-negative sepsis. PMID- 3902649 TI - Pathogenicity of morphological and auxotrophic mutants of Candida albicans in experimental infections. AB - The relative pathogenicities of yeast and mycelial forms of Candida albicans were determined after intravenous injection of the two forms into mice. Yeast and mycelial forms of C. albicans CMI45348 were prepared in chemostat culture. Both morphological forms were pathogenic, but the histology of kidney sections always showed a mixture of the yeast and mycelial elements of the organism. Similarly, infection of mice with prototrophic strains produced a mixture of morphological forms at the site of infection. The yeast (CA2) and mycelial (hOG301) morphological mutants of C. albicans were pathogenic, and sections from the kidneys of the infected mice showed that the mutants retained their original morphological forms. These data indicate that both the yeast and mycelial forms of C. albicans can adhere, invade, and proliferate in an infected host. Auxotrophic diploid mutants were nonpathogenic. However, construction of a prototrophic tetraploid strain from two auxotrophs restored the pathogenicity of the organism. PMID- 3902651 TI - Workshop on five years of clinical experience with cefotaxime (with special reference to gram-positive infections). February 21 and 22, 1985, West Berlin. PMID- 3902650 TI - Plasmid-cured Salmonella enteritidis AL1192 as a candidate for a live vaccine. AB - We report the immunizing capacity of Salmonella enteritidis AL1192, a strain that has been cured of a 36-megadalton plasmid, to protect ddY mice against subsequent challenge with virulent salmonellas. This strain, which was given subcutaneously at a dose of 10(6) organisms, provided significant protection against oral, subcutaneous, or intraperitoneal challenge by virulent wild-type strains of not only S. enteritidis, but also S. dublin, S. naestved, and S. typhimurium. PMID- 3902653 TI - Clinical superinfection in complicated urinary tract infections: therapy with broad-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotics in urology. AB - In Japan, new antibiotics under development are compared with conventional antibiotics in Phase III controlled studies. Since the patients' demographic data, dosage, treatment period, etc. are made as uniform as possible in these studies, the results obtained are suitable for evaluating the characteristics of the new antibiotics. Most patients developing clinical superinfections suffer from complicated urinary tract infections due to underlying diseases. In order to avoid clinical superinfections, clinicians have to try to eradicate or alleviate these underlying diseases. The predominant microorganisms that may cause clinical superinfections to develop following therapy with broad-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotics include enterococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, other Pseudomonas spp. and fungi. Enterococci may frequently be detected in patients with mixed infections and can easily be dealt with by changing the antibiotics. PMID- 3902652 TI - Gram-positive superinfections following beta-lactam chemotherapy: the significance of the enterococcus. AB - The recent literature was reviewed with regard to the risks of superinfection following beta-lactam chemotherapy. The summary publications for the pseudomonas active penicillins (azlocillin, carbenicillin, mezlocillin, piperacillin and ticarcillin), cefoperazone, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, imipenem and moxalactam show marked variations. Moxalactam was most likely to produce both gram-negative (5 38%) and enterococcal (2.2-12%) superinfections. Ceftazidime or moxalactam therapy was more often associated with anaerobic superinfections, usually by Clostridium spp., than the other beta-lactams. Comparable and lower incidences of superinfections were cited for cefoperazone, ceftazidime, mezlocillin and imipenem. The most common pathogens for the above drugs were the fungi (Candida spp.), Pseudomonas spp. and some beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae. Staphylococcal, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. secondary infections were more common in patients receiving the newer penicillins. Cefotaxime had a very low incidence of superinfections (1.1%), especially caused by gram-positive organisms such as enterococci. The reasons for this favorable feature seem to be: excellent inhibitory activity and beta-lactamase stability against a wide variety of bacterial pathogens, synergistic interactions of cefotaxime and its desacetyl metabolite, enhanced anti-enterococcal activity of cefotaxime in the presence of a human serum factor and interactions of cefotaxime and desacetyl cefotaxime to suppress the development of antimicrobial resistance. The most common superinfections following cefotaxime treatment were with Pseudomonas spp., Enterobacter spp. and fungi. Cefotaxime appears to possess physical-chemical characteristics that react favorably with bacteria and the host to minimize gram positive superinfections, especially with most enteric Streptococcus spp. (Streptococcus faecalis and Streptococcus faecium). PMID- 3902655 TI - Oral vaccination against enteric bacterial infections: an overview. AB - The present situation and the future prospects for the use of oral vaccines against the major enteric diseases typhoid fever, shigellosis and cholera are discussed in this paper. No significant protection could be demonstrated for oral inactivated whole-cell vaccines. In contrast, an oral live vaccine based on the attenuated Salmonella typhi strain Ty 21a was highly efficacious in volunteer challenge studies and in a controlled field trial. Two attenuated strains are presently being tested in volunteer studies as candidate vaccines against shigellosis; one uses S. typhi Ty 21a and the other Escherichia coli K-12 as the carrier for shigella antigens. Experimental challenge studies in volunteers showed that recovery from clinical cholera confers solid and long-lasting protection. The goal of present research is to develop a vaccine that mimics the events of clinical cholera without causing disease. PMID- 3902654 TI - Non-antibiotic prevention of urinary tract infection. AB - The identification of several glycoconjugates as receptors for attaching bacteria has resulted in optimism regarding the use of receptor analogues in preventing infection. The structure of receptor-active oligosaccharides and the patient groups which might benefit from such treatment are most thoroughly understood for urinary tract infections. Prevention of adhesion and delay or decrease of infection was achieved using oligosaccharides from the globoseries of glycolipids containing Gal alpha 1----4Gal. This minimal receptor structure as a free saccharide was, however, not sufficient. It was the intact P, P1 and pk determinants which showed optimal activity in vitro. In addition, protection against experimental UTI results from previous exposure to whole bacteria or isolated antigens. The mechanism(s) of protection and their relevance in clinical UTI remain to be defined. PMID- 3902656 TI - Immunoprophylaxis and immunotherapy of neonatal group B streptococcal infections. AB - With emphasis on work from our laboratory, this paper briefly reviews previous studies which have established the basis for immunity to group B streptococcal infections. Quantitative data are presented on the concentration of antibody to the type-specific polysaccharides of group B streptococci in normal adults and infected infants, the protective level in experimental animals, and the influence of prematurity on transplacental passage of antibody. The role of the polymorphonuclear leukocyte in immunity to group B streptococcal infections is critical as supported by in vitro and in vivo experiments as well as clinical observations. Strategies for prevention include antimicrobial chemoprophylaxis and active immunization. Alternative approaches to adjunctive therapy such as administration of specific immune globulin, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and exchange transfusions are discussed. PMID- 3902657 TI - In vitro investigations on the antibacterial action and the influence on the phagocytic chemiluminescence of tetrachlorodecaoxide--a new, non-metallic oxygen complex. AB - The first non-metallic oxygen carrier, tetrachlorodecaoxide (TCDO), showed in vitro antibacterial activity among aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. The lethal dose for Escherichia coli, for example, was 150 micrograms/ml whereas 15 micrograms/ml reduced the bacterial amount after a latent period of two hours, but regrowth started after four hours. The bactericidal effect of TCDO, however, was dose-dependent and species-specific. This suggests that some aerobic bacterial species might not be able to produce sufficient amounts of protecting enzymes like catalase or superoxide dismutase. The computer controlled measurement of chemiluminescence was used as a model for the phagocytic activity. With isolated human granulocytes and opsonized zymosan as antigen no increase in peak counts per minute was observed compared with controls without TCDO. However, with human whole blood, positive effects were seen using TCDO together with zymosan as well as specific and non-specific opsonized Klebsiella pneumoniae K 17. It seems that whole blood possesses additional, but as yet unknown biocatalysers to split TCDO into oxygen and chloride. PMID- 3902659 TI - Diagnosis of pasteurellosis in sheep. PMID- 3902658 TI - Studies on immunity against Escherichia coli K13 with monoclonal anti-K13 and anti-anti-K13. AB - The structural basis for the cross-reactivity between the Escherichia coli K13, K20 and K23 capsular polysaccharides is the----)-beta-ribofuranosyl-(1----7)-beta 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate polymer. Monoclonal antibodies against E. coli K13 which require O-acetyl-2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate for binding were further investigated. Such antibodies, of both the IgG and the IgM isotype, opsonized E. coli K13 in vitro and protected against intraperitoneal infection in mice as well as ascending pyelonephritis in rats. A monoclonal IgG1 anti-idiotype, specific for the K13 polysaccharide combining site of a protective IgM idiotype, primed for protection against intraperitoneal infection with live E. coli K13 following K13 injections at four as well as 12 weeks of age, the K13 polysaccharide alone did not immunize and protect. The monoclonal anti-K13 idiotype only primed for protection at four weeks of age. These findings suggest a strong effect of a single idiotype on the outcome of a bacterial infection. PMID- 3902660 TI - Field studies on sugar substitutes. AB - Four field studies assessing the caries preventive value of partial substitution of sucrose by xylitol or a mixture of xylitol and sorbitol were recently conducted. The trials (in Thailand, Hungary and two in French Polynesia) had certain common features, i.e. protocols approved by the WHO; low intake of polyol(s); non-randomized young study populations, differing baseline caries prevalences between groups; and planned duration of 32-36 months. Analysis of the findings was facilitated through the use of rates to measure caries increments expressed as DMF teeth and surface counts in relation to the numbers of teeth at risk. Irrespective of baseline differences, all studies revealed, in comparison to known methods, that partial substitution of sucrose was associated with a preventive effect. PMID- 3902661 TI - Factors associated with the acceptance of sugar and sugar substitutes by the public. AB - Acceptance is described in both market and sensory research terminology and recent developments in the fields of applied psychology and physiology are examined for their pertinence to public acceptance of sucrose and its substitutes. Information on the function of sucrose in foods other than beverages is presented with emphasis on salivation as an acceptance factor and attention is drawn to its possible dental significance. Distinctions are made between the sweetening and bulking properties of sucrose and sugar substitutes. Factors having a bearing on the acceptance of sweet foods and the determination of their optimal sugar content are described in detail. While major decreases in sucrose intake in the US resulted from high-fructose corn-sweetener usage in soft drinks, no evidence is yet available to suggest that the use of sugar substitutes of the intense artificial sweetener type has caused any decrease in ordinary sugar consumption. Neither is the consumption of polyols (sorbitol, mannitol, xylitol) high enough in confectionery categories to cause any discernible decrease in sugar usage. The evidence suggests not so much that sugar substitutes may have stopped the growth in sucrose usage, but that new product categories such as diet foods and "sugarless' confections may have been created. These categories were never available to fermentable carbohydrate sweeteners and equivalence in acceptance to sucrose-sweetened products was not an important factor in their growth.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3902662 TI - Further characterization including preliminary chemical analysis of antigen MLW1 from Mycobacterium leprae. AB - MLW1, an antigen preparation from Mycobacterium leprae previously shown to have a high content of M. leprae antigen No. 7 (ML7), was found to contain the typical cell wall constituents arabinose, galactose and mannose. The fatty acid composition of MLW1 was largely comparable to that of undisrupted cells. The capacity of MLW1 to stimulate lymphocytes was further studied. Good correlation was obtained between the in vitro lymphocyte responses to MLW1 and human-derived M. leprae, indicating similar specificity of the two antigen preparations in this test. The stimulatory activity of MLW1 was not significantly influenced by batch to batch variations, was well-preserved during storage and most of it was heat stable. Attempts to remove the ML7 antigen indicate that this component plays a dominant role in inducing in vitro lymphocyte stimulation. PMID- 3902663 TI - Effects of inhibitory and stimulatory photoperiods and sexual maturation on the ability of hamster testes to respond to hCG in vitro. AB - The decrease in gonadal weight produced in adult golden hamsters by exposure to short photoperiods was accompanied by a marked reduction in the ability of the testes to produce testosterone from endogenous precursors in vitro, both without and with hCG stimulation. These changes were significant after 4-7 weeks in short photoperiod (5L: 19D) and were even more pronounced after 17-20 weeks. Production of testosterone in vitro by testes of immature hamsters was comparable to values obtained in adult animals with short photoperiod-induced gonadal atrophy. Delay of sexual maturation induced by daily injections of bromocriptine was accompanied by a further decrease in testicular testosterone production in vitro. Exposure of gonadally-regressed adult hamsters to a long, stimulatory photoperiod (14L: 10D) produced a rapid and marked increase in testicular testosterone production, which was coincident with the previously demonstrated increase in serum gonadotrophin levels after 1-5 days of photostimulation. Furthermore, testosterone production in vitro by regressed testes of animals exposed to short photoperiod was increased significantly by one large dose of hCG administered 26 h before killing the animals. It is concluded that the suppressive effects of short photoperiods on the ability of the hamster testis to produce testosterone and to respond to hCG stimulation are due to reductions in endogenous LH, FSH and prolactin release, with a consequent loss of testicular LH/hCG receptors and decreased activity of enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of testosterone. PMID- 3902664 TI - Bone marrow separation, purification and cryopreservation: application for autologous bone marrow transplant (ABMT). AB - Autologous bone marrow transplantation is used in the treatment of patients suffering from malignant diseases. The intention of this study was to develop a technique for cryopreservation of bone marrow stem cells. A technique of purification described elsewhere (2), gave recoveries of 80% of nucleated blood cells and 87% of mononucleated blood cells after apheresis and centrifugation of buffy-coat, but when applied to bone marrow only 59% of NBC and 32% of CFUc have been harvested. We therefore modified the apheresis technique and replaced the centrifugation step by sedimentation with hydroxy-ethyl-starch. This change resulted in a small but significant increase in the yield of bone marrow cells and improved the asepsis of the procedure. From a second group of bone marrow handled with this modified protocol, final yields of 46% of NBC and 62% of MNC were obtained. After cryopreservation 87% of NBC were recovered as assessed by counting. PMID- 3902665 TI - Plasma exchange in multiple sclerosis. PMID- 3902666 TI - The reticuloendothelial system and autoimmune disease in man. PMID- 3902667 TI - The architecture of a decision support system. AB - A Decision Support System (DSS) begun in the middle 1960s is described. A DSS collects data for an institution servicing clients, calculates decisions and generates reports on the status of the clients. This paper was written to provide a historical record of the concepts developed. In Part I, we introduce the Decision Support System (DSS), describe its functions, and indicate a possible architecture for such a system. Part 2 describes the concepts developed in the course of programming an experimental system called the Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS). CDSS, which is designed for a medical environment and has been tested at several sites on an experimental basis. The CDSS implementation of a DSS is described in some detail. PMID- 3902668 TI - Spatial distribution of cell fluorescence determined with a diode-matrix (32 x 32 elements) and computer controlled epifluorescence microscopy. AB - A photodiode-matrix with 32 x 32 light-sensitive elements has been used to determine spatial fluorescence intensity of Rhodamine-labelled yeast cells (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). The matrix with electronics was built into one of the oculars of an epifluorescence microscope, and the fluorescence intensity scanned at intervals, determined from a desk-computer. The signals from one image were amplified and stored in a buffer-memory before being put into an auxiliary memory. The sensitivity of each element was calibrated, and linear regression used to determine true fluorescence intensity (256 levels). After background subtraction the spatial intensity was presented on a plotter either on a 0-9 scale, or on a three-dimensional plot (x-y-intensity). The effect of continuous UV-microphotolysis on the fluorescence of Rhodamine-labelled yeast was also determined. PMID- 3902669 TI - In memoriam: Dr. Albert Paul Krueger. PMID- 3902670 TI - Effect of magnetic micropulsations on the biological systems--a bioenvironmental study. PMID- 3902671 TI - Induction and maintenance of flattened morphology in highly adhesive Friend leukemia clones depends on the time- and space-specific assembly of microtubular networks. AB - Indirect immunofluorescent staining with anti-tubulin antibodies, SEM and TEM were applied to study microtubule (MT) assembly in clones isolated from Friend leukemia cells (FLC, 745 A strain) on the basis of their sensitivity to exogenous fibronectin (FN). Kinetics of cell spreading and elongation were studied using computerized image analysis and SEM. In contrast to 745 A cells, FN-sensitive clones (referred to as FF clones) showed elaborate MT networks when observed by immunofluorescent staining as well as by TEM. A good correlation was found between the degree of spreading and elongation of FF cells and the degree and cellular distribution of their MT. The highest concentration of MT networks oriented parallel to the main cellular axis was observed in very elongated FF cells. The majority of MT in interphase FF cells radiated from the centrosomes; some MT apparently originated from the nuclear membranes. TEM showed the existence of morphological differences between centrosomes of 745 A and FF cells. The characteristic ultrastructure of the centrosomes of FF cells was maintained in trypsinized cells, even if such FF cells lost MT's and acquired a spherical morphology. FF cells, treated with a wide spectrum of MT-disrupting agents, promptly acquired a rounded morphology with rapid dissolution of polymerized tubulin. Removal of MT-disrupting agents from the culture medium rapidly restored a flattened morphology with concurrent regeneration of MT's. During recovery from MT-disrupting agents, FF cells showed increased numbers of centrosomes per cell. We conclude that MT networks cooperate in the attachment, spreading and elongation of FF cells isolated from FLC. Moreover, we hypothesize the existence in FF cells of a variant form of centrosomes as compared with those of 745 A cells. PMID- 3902672 TI - Once daily timolol in the prophylaxis of angina pectoris. AB - The clinical efficacy of timolol given once and twice daily was compared in the management of angina pectoris. Following a 2-week entry period, 16 normotensive male subjects with stable angina and proven myocardial ischaemia received timolol 10 mg twice daily, or 20 mg every morning for 1 month followed by 1 month on crossover therapy. All were exercised on separate days in random order 1 hr after administration of 10 mg, 1 hr after administration of 20 mg, 13 hr after administration of 10 mg and 25 hr after administration of 20 mg. In spite of significant differences in the maximum heart rates, rate pressure products and maximum lateral ST segment depression between the once and twice daily regimes, the maximal walking times were not significantly different (P greater than 0.10) and attack rates for angina and trinitrin consumption were similar (P greater than 0.45; P greater than 0.05). This evidence suggests that timolol is as effective in dosage of 20 mg taken once daily as half the dose taken twice daily in the symptom management of angina pectoris. PMID- 3902673 TI - Vagotonia in infants, children, adolescents and young adults. AB - Twenty-four patients with various manifestations of increased vagal tone were seen between 1975 and 1981. Three distinct groups could be identified by clinical characteristics and to some extent by age. The first group showed evidence of prolonged atrioventricular conduction on their electrocardiograms but were asymptomatic. The others presented with syncope, the etiology of which was determined to be vasovagal. Some patients were older and more athletic. They suffered from syncope associated with exercise or heavy exertion. The youngest patients, however, experienced frequent prolonged episodes of syncope often mistaken for seizures. Treatment for the older patients with syncope consisted mainly of behavior modification, while 5 out of 6 younger patients required the implantation of a ventricular demand pacemaker to prevent repeated and problematic recurrences of syncope. PMID- 3902674 TI - The use of oxygen and prostacyclin as pulmonary vasodilators in congenital heart disease. AB - We have obtained dose-response curves for the effects of prostacyclin on the pulmonary and systemic circulations of 10 patients with pulmonary hypertension secondary to congenital heart disease. With the subjects breathing air, prostacyclin caused statistically significant, pulmonary and systemic vasodilation. When the patients breathed 100% oxygen, pulmonary blood flow rose and pulmonary vascular resistance fell with no significant change in pulmonary artery pressure. Prostacyclin had a small additional vasodilator effect, but this did not reach statistical significance. Prostacyclin may be of some use in the assessment of the reversibility of an elevated pulmonary vascular resistance when surgery for the underlying congenital heart defect is being contemplated. PMID- 3902675 TI - Ambulatory monitoring and exercise testing in the evaluation of a new long-acting calcium ion antagonist KB-944 (Fostedil) for the treatment of exertional angina pectoris. AB - The anti-anginal effects of KB-944 (Fostedil), a new calcium ion antagonist with a half life of approximately 23-28 hr, were evaluated in 20 patients with exertional angina pectoris in a placebo-controlled single-blind dose titration trial. Ambulatory monitoring and multistage treadmill exercise with computer assisted electrocardiographic analysis was performed after 2 weeks of placebo therapy and after two 2-weekly periods of KB-944 therapy. The mean (+/- SEM) exercise time to the development of angina on treadmill walking increased from 6.9 +/- 0.4 min on placebo to 9.4 +/- 0.5 min on KB-944 100 mg/day (P less than 0.001) and 9.7 +/- 0.8 min on KB-944 200 mg/day (P less than 0.001 vs placebo and not significant vs KB-944 100 mg/day). The time to the development of 1 mm ST segment depression of 5.3 +/- 0.4 min on placebo increased to 6.5 +/- 0.5 and 6.6 +/- 0.5 min on KB-944 100 and 200 mg/day, respectively (P less than 0.01 vs placebo). The heart rate at rest of 77 +/- 3 beats/min on placebo was reduced to 68 +/- 3 beats/min on KB-944 100 mg/day (P less than 0.001) and 71 +/- 2 beats/min on KB-944 200 mg/day (P less than 0.01). The maximal heart rate and the rate-pressure product were not altered by KB-944 therapy. One patient developed unstable angina during the treatment phase of KB-944 200 mg/day and was withdrawn. Five patients complained of dyspepsia and one of headache and lethargy during KB-944 200 mg/day. One patient developed ventricular tachycardia during treadmill testing while on KB-944 200 mg/day. The 24-hr ambulatory monitoring data confirmed the findings of exercise testing. KB-944 (Fostedil) in a dose of 100 mg once daily was well tolerated as compared to KB-944 200 mg once daily and both the doses were equally effective. The drug merits further evaluation for the treatment of exertional angina pectoris. PMID- 3902676 TI - Double-blind crossover study of fenquizone compared to chlorthalidone in essential hypertension. AB - The clinical efficacy and tolerability of fenquizone (10 mg), a thiazide-like diuretic, were studied in comparison with chlorthalidone (25 mg) in 20 hypertensive out-patients during a four-month treatment course. Both drugs were very active in reducing hypertension. Fenquizone proved to be more active on systolic blood pressure, while there were no differences between groups regarding diastolic blood pressure. Chlorthalidone induced a more significant loss of plasma K+ than fenquizone. Fenquizone showed also a significant decrease of symptoms (headache, dizziness) due to hypertension. No undesirable side effects were observed. PMID- 3902677 TI - A single blind comparison of dihydroergotoxine mesilate and clonidine for treatment of hypertensive emergencies. AB - The effectiveness and safety of dihydroergotoxine mesylate (DHT) and clonidine (CLO) as acute antihypertensive treatments were studied in a single-blind randomized controlled study of 28 patients hospitalized after abrupt increases in mean blood pressure (MAP) to more than 150 mmHg, with concomitant symptoms related to hypertensive status (16 patients). Intravenous infusion of 1.5 mg DHT significantly reduced both systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure from 227 +/- 2/128 +/- 2 mmHg to 160 +/- 4/94 +/- 2 mmHg by 1 hour after the onset of infusion (p less than 0.01). In patients given CLO, BP values fell from 221 +/- 3/123 +/- 3 mmHg to 166 +/- 5/95 +/- 3 mmHg after 150 minutes. After that BP values did not change significantly up to 6 hours after both treatments. One hour after the onset of infusion, mean heart-rate (HR) had decreased by 15 beats/min in the DHT group and by 10 beats/min in the CLO-group. Twenty-one per cent of the patients given DHT and 78% of the patients given CLO complained of mild or moderate side-effects. The results of this study showed that DHT is an effective and well tolerated agent for the treatment of hypertensive emergencies and can be used safely even when continuous monitoring of blood pressure cannot be carried out. PMID- 3902678 TI - Half-joint allograft transplantation in human bone tumours. AB - Seven patients with malignant or aggressive bone tumours involving the end of a long bone have been treated by wide resection and an allograft providing a half joint transplantation. The observation period is from 2 to 9 years (average 5 years). The allografts were preserved at -70 degrees C for a period ranging from 1 week to more than 2 years. Computed tomography was very useful in the preoperative determination of the grade of infiltration tumour growth in bone. The host's own ligaments were used in the reconstruction. Immunosuppression was not used. The fate and metabolism of the allografts were followed by clinical examination, conventional radiographs, angiography, bone scintigraphy, cell mediated immunity tests, biopsies for histology and by determining the excretion of the urinary products of bone metabolism (duHYPro, dUCa, dUPi). Positive isotope labelling was demonstrated as early as 2 weeks after transplantation and this increased and stabilised at about 6 months. Simultaneously, the collagen/bone matrix turnover (HYPro excretion) showed a slightly raised level for up to 3-6 months, stabilising thereafter indicating a moderate, but prolonged, regenerative activity of the graft. On the basis of these and the histological studies, weight-bearing was gradually started at 6 months, which is earlier than described in previous reports. The patients had knee flexion up to 90 degrees and walked well. Studies on whole-blood cell-mediated immunity showed only slight non-significant changes. The results indicate that the grafts incorporated well with early, and subsequently prolonged, evidence of metabolic activity. PMID- 3902679 TI - Oxidation and metabolic effects of fructose or glucose ingested before exercise. AB - The aim of this study was to compare the effects of fructose (F) and glucose (G) intake before exercise on oxidation of the ingested substrate, glycogen utilization, work output, and metabolic changes. Ten trained subjects ingested F or G (1 g/kg), both of which were naturally enriched in 13C. After 1 h of rest, they exercised on an ergometer at 61% of their maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) for 45 min, which was immediately followed by 15 min at their maximal voluntary output. During the resting hour, blood insulin and glucose were lower (p less than 0.05) and respiratory quotient and blood lactate higher (p less than 0.01) after F. During exercise, the differences disappeared, apart from a transient but moderate (4.3 mmol/l) hypoglycemia after G compared to F. No difference between F and G was observed for uric acid, glycerol, FFA, and glucagon. Glycogen decrements in the vastus lateralis muscle were 67 +/- 9 (F) and 97 +/- 15 (G) mmol/kg, values not significantly different from each other (P greater than 0.05). The maximal voluntary work produced during the last 15 min did not differ between treatments. During the 2 h after sugar ingestion, 30 +/- 3 g of F and 26 +/- 3 g of G were oxidized to 13CO2. These findings indicate that fructose ingested before exercise was utilized at least as well as glucose, allowed a more stable glycemia, and did not modify performance. PMID- 3902681 TI - Pathogenesis of pemphigus. The role of epidermal plasminogen activators in acantholysis. PMID- 3902680 TI - Immunofluorescence tests. Clinical significance of sera and skin in bullous diseases. PMID- 3902683 TI - Smallpox. "Most terrible of all the ministers of death". PMID- 3902684 TI - The epidemic of investigations. PMID- 3902682 TI - Clobetasol propionate versus fluocinonide creams in psoriasis and eczema. AB - A double-blind, parallel comparison was made of the short-term efficacy and safety of three times daily regimens of 0.05% clobetasol propionate cream and 0.05% fluocinonide cream in 114 adolescent and adult patients with psoriasis and 113 with eczema. After 2 weeks of topical applications, patients were assessed according to (1) investigators' overall judgment of clinical response, (2) degree of severity of specific signs and symptoms, and (3) patients' evaluation of improvement. In all three response categories in psoriasis, and in two of three in eczema, clobetasol was statistically significantly superior to fluocinonide (p less than 0.05-p less than 0.001). Healing commenced more rapidly with clobetasol and there was no indication of tachyphylaxis. In contrast, the healing rate with fluocinonide slowed noticeably after the first week, and there was a greater tendency to relapse following fluocinonide treatment. Both regimens were safe: drug-related side effects were generally mild and occurred most commonly with fluocinonide therapy in eczema patients. Overall, drug-related effects occurred in 4% of patients receiving clobetasol and 12% receiving fluocinonide (p less than 0.05). Transient morning plasma cortisol reductions below 5 micrograms/dl occurred in 6% of clobetasol-treated patients, reverting to normal within 1 week of the end of treatment. PMID- 3902685 TI - Variations in national health care practices and behaviours and their influence on international research. AB - Multinational clinical trials are valuable to the understanding of global health problems, but they pose special problems. Our experience with a multinational trial of isoniazid (INH) preventive therapy for tuberculosis revealed marked variation among the seven participating countries in the amount of tuberculosis screening prior to the trial; this variation contributed to the observed differences in the risk of tuberculosis among the countries. The incidence of 'uncooperativeness' and drug side-effects, and the proportion of participants who complied with and completed treatment also varied significantly from country to country. These differences in completion and compliance served to differentially alter the expected risk of tuberculosis among the three regimens being studied. For all factors investigated, variation from country to country was greater than variation from dispensary to dispensary within a country. This suggests that cultural and other national characteristics are more potent determinants of health care practices and behaviours than patient and health care practitioner characteristics. PMID- 3902686 TI - Female genital tract and Peutz-Jeghers syndrome: an immunohistochemical study. AB - Systematic detection of endocrine cells was performed in two genital tracts from patients with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS). These tissues proved to be particularly rich in endocrine cells. The specialized cells were distributed in the cervix and fallopian tubes. In the cervix, they were confined to remarkable mucinous tumors related to "adenoma malignum." Serotonin, somatostatin, gastrin, and pancreatic polypeptide immunoreactive cells were characterized. In fallopian tubes, serotonin-storing cells and somatostatin cells were detected respectively among normal-appearing and mucinous areas of tubal epithelium; in addition, serotonin-storing cells were found in many mesonephric rests. This strongly contrasts with the usual paucity of endocrine cells in the female genital tract. However, none of the findings mentioned was really specific of PJS. In particular, endocrine cells seem to be an integral constituent of adenoma malignum, with or without PJS. These findings suggest a disturbance of tissular differentiation. PMID- 3902687 TI - Effect of weight loss on glucose disposal in obese and obese diabetic patients. AB - The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of short-term weight loss on glucose disposal and lipid oxidation in obese patients. Twenty-six obese patients were divided into three groups according to their degree of glucose intolerance: normal glucose tolerance = Gp I; impaired glucose tolerance without diabetes = Gp II; diabetes = Gp III. The patients submitted to an hypocaloric, high-protein diet for 8 to 45 weeks. Respiratory exchange measurements were performed by means of continuous indirect calorimetry during a 100 g, 3 h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) before weight loss and were repeated at the end of the weight loss period, 3 to 8 weeks after the reintroduction of a balanced isocaloric diet. Glucose tolerance, which was decreased in Gps II and III, improved after weight loss. Glucose oxidation, which was decreased in Gps II and III showed improvement after weight reduction in both Gp II (30.9 +/- 2.3 after weight loss vs 24.2 +/- 2.0 g/3 h before, P less than 0.025) and in Gp III (33.1 +/- 1.6 vs 25.8 +/- 4.1, ns). In the diabetic group (Gp III), before weight loss, a decrease in nonoxidative glucose uptake was observed, which was probably due both to a decrease in glucose storage and to the inhibition of splanchnic glucose output. After weight loss, it increased significantly from 27.7 +/- 5.2 to 56.9 +/- 2.3 g/3 h (P less than 0.001). Postabsorptive plasma insulin levels decreased in all groups following weight reduction. When exaggerated the insulin response to the glucose load fell to normal values whereas the insulin response increased in the diabetic patients in whom it was initially blunted. Lipid oxidation rates, both preload and postload, were markedly elevated before weight loss in all three groups. They were substantially reduced after weight loss. This study shows that a weight loss of 10 to 33 kg in obese patients promoted an increase in the subnormal glucose oxidation rate in Gp II as well as an improvement of the low nonoxidative glucose uptake in the diabetic group, thus improving their glucose tolerance. There was a simultaneous reduction in lipid oxidation in both groups. Furthermore, the insulin response to the glucose load, whether elevated or decreased before weight loss, tended towards normalization after weight reduction. PMID- 3902688 TI - Adiposity, anthropometric measures, and plasma insulin levels of rhesus monkeys. AB - In order to characterize spontaneous adult-onset obesity in a non-human primate model, we have studied a group of twenty-four obese and non-obese male rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). The monkeys, ranging in age from 12 to 27 years, were defined as obese on the basis of tritiated water estimates of body fat content exceeding 25 percent of body weight. Although the obese and non-obese monkeys had similar crown-rump lengths, they differed significantly not only in body weight (17.0 +/- 3.2 vs 11.7 +/- 1.8 kg, X +/- s.d., P less than 0.001), and average body fat content (37.8 +/- 6.6 vs 13.2 +/- 5.4 percent, P less than 0.001) but also in midgirth circumferences (57.5 +/- 8.4 vs 34.8 +/- 6.2 cm, P less than 0.001) and abdominal (but not triceps or scapular) skinfold thicknesses (22.74 +/ 5.8 vs 9.82 +/- 1.82 mm, P less than 0.001), thus, indicating the predominantly abdominal distribution of the fat mass. A new Obesity Index Rh, for rhesus monkeys, defined as body weight divided by the square of the crown-rump length, was developed as an adaptation of obesity indices used for humans and rats. The high correlation of the Obesity Index Rh with percent body fat and its relative independence of height make possible future identification of obese rhesus monkeys on the basis of anthropometric measurements. There were slight, but not significant, differences between the obese and the non-obese groups in lean body mass (10.9 +/- 2.8 vs 8.8 +/- 1.8 kg) and in fasting plasma glucose levels (87.1 +/- 31.8 vs 63.2 +/- 7.5 mg/dl). Obese monkeys had significantly larger average fat cell sizes (1.29 +/- 0.54 vs 0.61 +/- 0.29 microgram lipid/cell, P less than 0.05) and significantly greater fat cell numbers (6.1 X 10(9) vs 2.2 X 10(9), P less than 0.01). Fat cell numbers were better correlated with body weight and total body fat parameters than fat cell size, while fat cell size was more closely associated with the log of fasting plasma insulin levels than was fat cell number. The similarities to studies in humans indicate the importance of the spontaneously obese adult rhesus monkey as an animal model in the study of obesity. PMID- 3902689 TI - Single chain des-(B30) insulin. Intramolecular crosslinking of insulin by trypsin catalyzed transpeptidation. AB - Single chain des-(B30) insulin (SCI) has been synthesized from porcine insulin by trypsin in a medium with a low content of water. Trypsin catalyzes an intramolecular transpeptidation reaction in which the glycineA1 residue substitutes the alanineB30 residue, rendering a LysB29 -GlyA1 peptide link between the A- and B-chains of insulin. The insulin derivative has been purified by column chromatography and appears to be homogeneous in HPLC and disc electrophoresis. The structure was proven to be B(1-29)-A(1-21) insulin by proteolysis with Armilliaria mellea protease followed by a few steps of Edman degradation. The electrophoretic mobility indicates that SCI has a more condensed structure than that of insulin. Perfect rhombohedral crystals were obtained under conditions resembling those under which insulin crystallizes in the same form. SCI was devoid of effect in the blood sugar lowering assay in mice, the estimated potency being less than 0.1% of that of insulin. PMID- 3902690 TI - Use of proline-specific endopeptidase in the isolation of all four "native" disulfides of hen egg white lysozyme. AB - The disulfide peptides from the tryptic digestion of cyanogen bromide-treated hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL) were isolated by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and identified by amino acid analysis. Three peptides containing the I-VIII, II-VII, and III-V + IV-VI disulfide bonds were obtained. The two-disulfide peptide was further digested with proline-specific endopeptidase (PCE) (EC 3.4.21.26). Amino acid analysis of digest peptides separated by HPLC showed four peptides with the IV-VI disulfide bond as well as a peptide with the III-V disulfide bond. The IV-VI peptides were produced by hydrolysis of several alanine-X bonds as well as the prolyl-cystine bond. Our studies show that alanyl peptide bonds to lysyl, seryl, and leucyl residues are susceptible to hydrolysis by PCE preparations, thus substantially extending its known specificity range. The two-disulfide peptide was also digested sequentially with thermolysin and PCE; the resulting IV-VI and III-V peptides were identified by HPLC and amino acid analysis. PCE showed substantial activity at pH 5.3 as well as at pH 8.3. The lower pH is useful in studies of proteins or peptides where base-catalyzed reactions must be limited. PMID- 3902691 TI - Synthesis of aldehydic peptides inhibiting renin. AB - Reduction of peptidyl N, O-dimethyl hydroxamates with lithium aluminium hydride in diethyl ether at 0 degree allowed the preparation of peptidyl aldehydes in excellent yield and optical purity. These aldehydic peptides are able to inhibit renin activity. They are the shortest renin inhibitors known to date. PMID- 3902692 TI - Focal segmental glomerular sclerosis in three generations of a single family. AB - We studied members of three generations of a family presenting a nephropathy characterized by proteinuria, occasional microscopic hematuria, progressive deterioration of renal function and an autosomic dominant hereditary pattern. In seven percutaneous needle biopsies, examination by light microscopy showed findings compatible with Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) in six patients and Focal Global Glomerulosclerosis (FGG) in one case. Deposits of immunoglobulins IgM, IgA and C3 following mesangial and peripheral distribution were observed. According to electron microscopy, the basal membrane was unchanged though electron dense deposits were found at subendothelial, subepithelial and mesangial locations. PMID- 3902693 TI - Glucose metabolism in pediatric renal transplant recipients: relation to insulin receptors of erythrocytes. AB - We studied the oral glucose tolerance test (O-GTT) of 13 kidney transplant recipients and compared the results with the insulin binding characteristics of their own erythrocytes. They had mild renal insufficiency with significant increase of serum creatinine concentrations. Body weights were slightly but significantly elevated compared to the controls. All were receiving small doses of prednisone (0.2-0.3 mg/kg/day). Ten of the 13 patients had normal O-GTT and normal binding of 125I-insulin, while the remaining 3 patients showed abnormal O GTT and significantly reduced maximum binding of 125I-insulin to erythrocytes. Basal insulin concentration and response to O-GTT were significantly elevated in the patients, regardless of O-GTT being normal or abnormal. It is concluded that transplant recipients have an impaired insulin action due to a post-receptor stage abnormality in glucose metabolism which is due perhaps to mild renal insufficiency, mild obesity and prolonged administration of the small dosage of prednisone. PMID- 3902695 TI - The drooling patient: team evaluation and management. AB - Drooling is a common problem in neurologically damaged individuals. A surgeon, speech pathologist, physiotherapist and dentist created a "team" to evaluate affected patients. Management by consensus involves both non-surgical and surgical modalities. Bilateral submandibular duct relocation has become the surgical procedure of choice. PMID- 3902694 TI - Bromocriptine treatment for cocaine abuse: the dopamine depletion hypothesis. AB - The authors review the evidence that cocaine exerts its rewarding effects through the acute activation of dopamine (DA) pathways in the brain. Chronic cocaine administration is hypothesized to lead to DA depletion, which results in cocaine craving and cocaine abstinence states. Treatment of these states with bromocriptine, a DA/antagonist, appears to have efficacy with acute and maintenance trials, and may represent a new adjunctive treatment for cocaine abuse. DA antagonists appear to exacerbate cocaine craving, which is consistent with the DA depletion hypothesis of chronic cocaine abuse. Theoretical issues relating to drug addiction and endogenous reward centers are discussed. PMID- 3902697 TI - Hypnosis and the immune response. PMID- 3902696 TI - The role of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system in stress and the emotions. PMID- 3902698 TI - Direct immunoperoxidase test in the diagnosis of rabies--an alternative to fluorescent antibody test. AB - Direct immunoperoxidase test was run parallel to fluorescent antibody test using known rabies-positive and negative materials. Both the tests had 100.0% sensitivity and specificity when mice brain infected with CVS strain of Rabies virus was used. With the field samples and the mice brains infected with these, the sensitivity of direct immunoperoxidase test and also of fluorescent antibody test dropped a little, giving an overall sensitivity of 95.3 and 99.0 percent respectively. The standardization of immunoperoxidase test is described and the results discussed. PMID- 3902699 TI - Lessons from the Roswell Park bone marrow transplant aspergillosis outbreak. PMID- 3902700 TI - Chromosomal localization of protooncogenes. PMID- 3902701 TI - Histogenesis of the cells of the anterior and intermediate lobes of human pituitary glands: immunohistochemical studies. PMID- 3902702 TI - Peroxisomes of the kidney. PMID- 3902704 TI - [Ilial crest biopsy diagnosis. Osteology--hematology--oncology--metabolic disorders]. PMID- 3902703 TI - Genetic aspects of Drosophila as a model system of eukaryotic aging. PMID- 3902705 TI - [Limits and possibilities of bone marrow biopsy (random iliac crest biopsy)]. PMID- 3902706 TI - [Differential diagnosis of primary constitutional osteopenias. Light and electron microscopy findings]. PMID- 3902707 TI - [Paget's disease of the skeleton. Pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapy]. PMID- 3902709 TI - [Immunologic-enzymatic determination of prostatic acid phosphatase in human serum]. PMID- 3902708 TI - [Malignant primary osteoporosis. A special form in males in early and middle age]. PMID- 3902710 TI - Effect of oral and intravenous glucose on alimentary lipaemia in normal man. PMID- 3902711 TI - Neuroleptic malignant syndrome. PMID- 3902712 TI - Speech aid use following laryngectomy: a review of current practice and attitudes. PMID- 3902713 TI - Biographical sketches--56. Edinger. PMID- 3902714 TI - Ancient and medieval chemotherapy for cancer. PMID- 3902715 TI - Anthropological institutions in nineteenth-century France. PMID- 3902716 TI - History of modern science and technology in the People's Republic of China. PMID- 3902717 TI - Effect of insulin on the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in the rat brain. AB - The level of PDHa and PDHt is substantially reduced in the rat brain 24 hours after alloxan administration. Effects are almost completely reversed by insulin administration. PDHa and PDHt from alloxan rat brains are remarkably activated when assayed on samples obtained by combining and preincubating at 30 degrees C for 30 min a homogenate from fresh unfrozen brains of alloxan rats, with a similarly treated preparation from fresh unfrozen brains of normal or insulin rats. On the contrary, no activation at all is obtained if the preincubation is carried out on homogenates from frozen and thawed brains. In alloxan rats, brain acetyl CoA level decreases remarkably whereas plasma free fatty acid concentration increases. Such changes disappear after insulin administration. The oxygen uptake, the respiratory control index and the ADP/O ratio in mitochondrial preparations obtained from brains of alloxan rats show no modifications at all. PMID- 3902718 TI - Increased insulin responsiveness and insulin clearance in thyrotoxicosis. AB - The euglycemic insulin clamp technique was used to evaluate in vivo insulin action in thyrotoxicosis (TTX). Insulin was infused at 0.5, 3 and 10 mu/kg per min, and the steady-state glucose infusion rate was determined in five TTX patients with fasting hyperinsulinemia and five healthy subjects. TTX is accompanied by a significant increase in insulin responsiveness, clearance and basal insulin delivery rate. Therefore, insulin resistance in TTX does not reside at the postreceptor peripheral tissue level, but may be the consequence of increased hepatic glucose production. PMID- 3902719 TI - Cytoplasmic islet cell antibodies in type I diabetics in Israel and their first degree relatives. AB - The prevalence of islet cell antibodies (ICA) was studied in 172 newly diagnosed juveniles with Type I diabetes and in 300 unaffected first-degree relatives of 93 of these patients. Approximately 60% of the juvenile diabetics were ICA-positive at onset. Most of these patients gradually lost their antibodies, although two patients remained positive for ICA for periods up to 5 years. Complement-fixing ICA (CF-ICA) were found in 20% of the patients having ICA at onset. Disappearance of CF-ICA was rapid, with all patients showing negative values by the end of the second year. In 19 patients ICA intermittently disappeared and reappeared. ICA were found in 17 healthy family members (7 parents and 10 siblings). Although Type I diabetes is relatively rare in both the Jewish and Arab populations in Israel, these findings indicate that it has a similar autoimmune pathogenesis to that found in other populations around the world. The percentage of patients with ICA was as reported elsewhere, but that of CF-ICA was lower; its similarity with that reported for a Mediterranean population in France suggests a possible link with ethnic origin. PMID- 3902720 TI - Comparison of low-dose captopril and propranolol as second-line drugs in mild and moderate hypertension. AB - Captopril in low doses has been used recently with success in the treatment of mild to moderate hypertension. In the present study we compared the effects of captopril, 50 mg/day, to propranolol, 80 mg/day, as second-line antihypertensive agents. By administering each of these drugs together with hydrochlorothiazide, the mean blood pressure was lowered from 156/99 to 140/84 and from 15/98 to 140/85 mm Hg, respectively. Although serious adverse effects were infrequent in both groups of patients, bradycardia and fatigue were common among the subjects receiving propranolol, whereas captopril left the quality of life largely unaltered. Captopril appears to be a safe and effective antihypertensive agent in mild and moderate hypertension when used in low doses in addition to a thiazide diuretic. PMID- 3902721 TI - Nutrition of the sand rat (Psammomys obesus) in relation to reproduction and diabetes. PMID- 3902722 TI - The immigrants' hospital: Kuakini Medical Center. PMID- 3902723 TI - A comparison of naproxen sodium to propranolol hydrochloride and a placebo control for the prophylaxis of migraine headache. PMID- 3902724 TI - A critical analysis of the traditional tension headache model. PMID- 3902725 TI - A strategy for adaptive staffing of hospitals under varying environmental conditions. AB - With many hospitals facing periods of retrenchment or considerable uncertainty in workload and reimbursement policy, an adaptive management response seems to be required. A model is presented for the development and implementation of a system of flexible resource management that is useful for health service managers. PMID- 3902727 TI - Intra-aortic balloon pumping in children. PMID- 3902726 TI - Cyclosporine in transplantation. PMID- 3902728 TI - Theory and application of thermodilution cardiac output measurement: a review. AB - The thermodilution method of measuring cardiac output has a firm scientific basis and provides data to assist clinicians in assessing the hemodynamic function of patients and evaluating therapeutic interventions. Most of the research that validated this method of measurement was conducted from 1954 to 1979. Research in the 1980s focuses primarily on refining measurement techniques evaluating protocols that will simplify measurements in the clinical setting, and testing new devices that have the potential for affecting the accuracy of measurements. Although discrepancies between theory and application took years to resolve resulting in initial resistance to this method, thermodilution cardiac output measurement is now well accepted by researchers and clinicians as safe, simple, and accurate. PMID- 3902729 TI - Implications of Medicare cost caps. PMID- 3902730 TI - New Medicare regulations. PMID- 3902731 TI - The legalities of home care. Documenting patient care in the home--legal issues for home health nurses. PMID- 3902732 TI - [Value of thin-needle aspiration biopsy in allogeneic lung transplantation in dogs]. PMID- 3902733 TI - Surgical approaches to the lower rectum. PMID- 3902734 TI - The birth of the hospital in the Byzantine Empire. PMID- 3902735 TI - Digital subtraction angiography of the abdomen: Henry Ford Hospital experience. PMID- 3902736 TI - The incidence of calculi in focal nonshadowing echogenicity in the gallbladder. PMID- 3902737 TI - Artificial intelligence and image processing. PMID- 3902739 TI - Computed tomographic and sonographic characterizations of central nervous system masses. PMID- 3902740 TI - Mammography: still the imaging standard. PMID- 3902741 TI - Digital radiography: a review. PMID- 3902742 TI - Preliminary experience with digital subtraction angiography in cardiac evaluation. PMID- 3902744 TI - An overview of protease specificity and catalytic mechanisms: aspects related to nomenclature and classification. PMID- 3902745 TI - Fluorescence methods for localizing proteinases and proteinase inhibitors in skeletal muscle. AB - Proteinases and proteinase inhibitors have become suspect in a wide variety of muscle wasting conditions that might be treatable if knowledge of the cellular locale and function of these molecules were known. Fluorescent probes have been useful in the localization of proteinases in muscle samples from human and animal specimens. These include the histochemical localization of proteinases based on the specific fluorescence of hydrolysis product derivatives, but this approach has been limited to the lysosomal proteinases because of the acidic requirements of the trapping reaction of the primary reaction product. Immunohistochemical techniques do not have the same restrictions and a number of lysosomal and nonlysosomal proteinases have been identified in muscle by this means. Unfortunately, they do not yield any information as to the activity of the enzymes. This is an important consideration since the extracellular environment contains a number of proteinase inhibitors, some of which may be internalized by the cell. PMID- 3902743 TI - Cytochemistry of membrane proteases. AB - Membrane proteases that are detectable by cytochemical means are the classified exopeptidases, aminopeptidases A and M (or N), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (which also acts as transferase), dipeptidyl peptidase IV and the endopeptidase, enteropeptidase (also known as enterokinase). Not yet classified are the possible exopeptidase, tripeptidyl peptidase and endopeptidases I (Ala-endopeptidase) and II (Arg-endopeptidase). All these membrane proteases can be investigated with either chromogenic or fluorogenic procedures using synthetic peptide substrates. The most useful substrates are 4-methoxy-2-naphthylamine amino acids and peptides for cytochemical localizations at the light and electron microscope levels, for cytophotometric quantification and the study of membrane protease isoenzymes after analytical isoelectric focusing. Amino acid or peptide derivatives of naphthylamine AS can be recommended for light microscopical localization and cytofluorometric quantification, and 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin and 7-amino-4 trifluoromethylcoumarin amino acids and peptides for the development of enzyme bands after isoelectric focusing. Cytochemistry reveals the heterogeneity in the distribution and species differences of membrane proteases in adult cells, tissues and organs and during development. It also reveals some common localizations, such as in small intestinal enterocytes and proximal tubule cells. The species and organ differences are substantiated and extended considerably by isoelectric focusing in combination with methods for the cytochemical detection of proteases. In addition, continuous cytophotometry or cytofluorometry (section and cultured cell biochemistry) allows the kinetic characteristics, initial reaction rates and maximum activities of all membrane proteases to be determined. The physiological functions of the endopeptidases and exopeptidases are still a matter of debate. However, from cytochemical inhibition studies with natural peptide substrates, e.g. peptide hormones, there is increasing evidence that the proteases detected with synthetic peptides play a decisive role in many physiological circumstances, e.g. in endocrine regulation mechanisms or the regulation of blood pressure. In this respect, capillary endothelium-linked surface membrane proteases may be especially important. PMID- 3902746 TI - The aperture-defined microvolume (ADM) method: automated measurements of enzyme activity using an inverted fluorescence microscope. AB - The aperture-defined microvolume (ADM) method is based on the relatively constant absorbance or fluorescence of a microvolume of homogeneously coloured material, which is defined by the numerical aperture of the objective. This paper describes the principle of the method and discusses the equipment needed. The main applications reported so far for the measurement of enzyme activity are reviewed. Among these are the quantification of ELISA and DASS tests used in immunology, kinetic studies of enzymes in solution using fluorogenic substrates, and the measurement of enzyme activity in single cells or cell fractions that have been isolated by flow sorting. Typical characteristics of automated ADM measurements include a coefficient of variation of less than 3%, a lower detection limit of a few nanogrammes of fluorescing dye (e.g. 4-methylumbelliferone) and a linear relationship between fluorescence yield and fluorophore concentration over a range of 0.01 to 2.5 nmol. The scanning of Terasaki-type trays and 96-well microtitration plates can be completely automated and requires approximately one minute. PMID- 3902747 TI - Mechanisms of CML hyporesponsiveness in long-term renal allograft recipients. AB - Long-term, HLA disparate, renal allograft recipients were assessed by a dose dependent CML (cell-mediated lympholysis) assay for evidence of donor-specific CML hyporesponsiveness. The frequency of cytolytic T-cell (CTL) precursors capable of responding to donor alloantigen was also examined by a limiting dilution assay and application of Poisson distribution statistics. Four recipients were found to have depressed CML responses against donor class I HLA antigens (mean 2-5% specific lysis), whereas significant responses against third party targets were noted (15-60% specific lysis). These data are consistent with an antigen-specific defect in the recipient CTL effector mechanism. To determine whether or not this may be due to a deletion of anti-donor alloreactive cells, a sensitive limiting-dilution assay was developed in conjunction with Poisson distribution statistics to obtain the frequency of both anti-donor and anti-third party CTLp present in recipient PBLs. A simultaneous reduction in the number of alloreactive clones and the presence of an active suppressor population were defined, suggesting that several mechanisms may operate concurrently in long-term renal allograft recipients with well-functioning grafts. PMID- 3902748 TI - Does cyclosporine influence the results of cadaver retransplantation? AB - The results of cadaveric retransplantation in 55 recipients immunosuppressed with cyclosporine and prednisone were compared to 156 recipients of primary renal allografts. By 3 yr posttransplant, there is no significant difference in patient survival, but the yearly graft survival for primary (79%, 72%, 72%) as compared to retransplant (69%, 58%, 58%) recipients was significantly (p less than 0.05) better. There was no significant difference in rejection episodes or mean +/- SD serum creatinine (mg/dl) at 2 yr between primary (32%, 2.14 +/- 1.1) and retransplant (33%, 2.08 +/- 1.4) patients, respectively. Donor source, third kidneys, human leukocyte antigen AB and Dr matching, percent reactive antibody levels, and cause of first graft loss do not have significant impact on cyclosporine-treated retransplant outcome. However, retransplant patients who have lost a previous graft in less than 3 months continue to be at high risk for subsequent early graft loss. These results suggest that the combination of cyclosporine and prednisone is the preferred regimen for cadaveric retransplantation. PMID- 3902749 TI - Elective conversion from cyclosporine to azathioprine in recipients with stable renal function 6 months after kidney transplantation. AB - The average cost of cyclosporine over the first 6 months after renal transplantation has been $2450/recipient for recipients with stable renal function. Fifty-nine percent of all patients transplanted in 1984 do not have a third-party payment mechanism for outpatient medicines and many cannot afford cyclosporine. The expense of cyclosporine has, thus, mandated developing a protocol for conversion from cyclosporine to azathioprine. Using a protocol, which included a short overlap of cyclosporine and azathioprine and a temporary, modest increase in prednisone dose, 27 renal allograft recipients with stable renal function have undergone conversion of their immunosuppressive regimen approximately 6 months posttransplant with a minimum follow-up of 4 months from conversion. There has been no graft loss or patient death. Mean serum creatinine has been reduced in recipients with stable function after conversion (1.4 mg/dl 3 months postconversion compared to 1.8 mg/dl preconversion). However, acute breakthrough rejection has occurred in four recipients (15%), and, after reversal of rejection, mean serum creatinine is elevated (3.1 mg/dl) in this group. Only a single patient developed an infection during the conversion period. Thus, a policy of conversion from azathioprine appears to be a reasonable compromise for those patients who cannot afford long-term outpatient treatment with cyclosporine. PMID- 3902750 TI - Bone marrow transplantation in Brazil. AB - The first program of bone marrow transplantation in Latin America was started 5 years ago at the Federal University Hospital, Curitiba, Parana. The results of 62 patients who underwent bone marrow transplantation are presented and discussed. PMID- 3902751 TI - Residual adriamycin (AdR)-induced hematopoietic damage: a consideration for subsequent radiotherapy. AB - The long-term effect of adriamycin (AdR) on the radiation response of hematopoietic marrow was studied at 16 weeks after treatment with a MTD (10 mg/kg) for the BDF1 mouse. The radiation response was monitored in both the "stem cell" (CFUs-8) and myeloid (CFU-gm, granulocyte, WBC) compartments, as well as the erythroid (BFUe, CFUe, HcT) compartments of the marrow for 14 days following a whole body dose (TBI) of 4.5 Gy X ray. At the time of irradiation, animal and spleen weight of AdR treated animals were reduced while HcT and WBC remained at control levels. At the same time the granulocyte and CFUs-8d compartments were depressed, while the BFUe compartment was expanded. The CFUe and CFU-gm compartments remained at control levels. For all marrow compartments, treatment with AdR 16 weeks prior to 4.5 Gy resulted in a radiation response deficit determined from the temporal recovery curves. The data suggest that manifestation of long-term AdR injury, at least through 16 weeks following treatment, is dependent on a subsequent stress of sufficient magnitude to enhance the proliferative activity associated with hematopoietic cell production and differentiation. A comparison is made between these observations and previously reported long-term drug-induced hematopoietic injury. PMID- 3902752 TI - In memoriam: Normal Simon, M.D., F.A.C.R., 1914-1985. PMID- 3902753 TI - Computer-assisted diagnosis: experience with the CONSULTANT program. PMID- 3902754 TI - Treatment of Corynebacterium equi pneumonia of foals: a review. AB - Combined antimicrobial drug treatment was recommended for foals with Corynebacterium equi pneumonia. The preferred combination is orally administered erythromycin estolate (25 mg/kg of body weight, QID) plus rifampin (10 mg/kg, BID). Erythromycin estolate also can be combined for synergistic effect with sodium benzyl penicillin given IV (100,000 IU/kg, QID) or with ampicillin given IV (11 to 15 mg/kg, QID). A third choice is sodium benzyl penicillin IV with gentamicin IM (2.2 mg/kg, TID) or with kanamycin IM (10 mg/kg, QID). Gentamicin should be combined with penicillin G or ampicillin and not used for longer than one week without monitoring for nephrotoxicosis. Rifampin should be used only in combination with erythromycin or penicillin. Erythromycin or rifampin and gentamicin give antagonistic interactions in vitro. Chloramphenicol or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole may be effective if given in high doses but are not preferred drugs. Treatment response should be monitored clinically and radiographically and treatment should be continued for 2 weeks after the foal is clinically and radiographically normal. PMID- 3902755 TI - Cystic calculi in two horses. AB - The use of real-time ultrasound for examination of the bladder was a useful diagnostic aid in 2 cases of cystic calculi. The ultrasound procedure revealed that a firm mass palpated per rectum in the bladder of one horse was a calculus. In the other horse, ultrasound revealed additional small uroliths. To remove the uroliths in both horses, laparocystidotomy via a ventral paramedian approach was chosen because it provided the best access to the bladder lumen. The calculi were analyzed by qualitative chemical analysis and quantitative crystallography. Results differed between analysis methods. Crystallography revealed that the mineral composition of both calculi was pure calcium carbonate. Chemical analysis erroneously indicated that the calculi contained phosphate, magnesium, and oxalate. PMID- 3902756 TI - Traumatic gastropericarditis in a horse. AB - An ingested metallic foreign body migrated from the stomach and induced restrictive pericarditis in a horse. Necropsy revealed chronic abdominal and acute thoracic lesions. Although rare, ingested foreign body migration should be considered in the differential diagnosis of body cavity disease in horses. PMID- 3902757 TI - Antimicrobial alternatives for calf diarrhea: iron chelators or competitors. PMID- 3902758 TI - Infection rates in clean surgical procedures: a comparison of ampicillin prophylaxis vs a placebo. AB - A total of 122 dogs and 7 cats were included in a prospective, randomized, blind trial to determine the frequency of wound infection after clean surgical procedures and to compare the infection rates in dogs and cats given ampicillin (group 1) with those given a placebo (group 2). The 2 groups were similar in terms of mean age, sex ratio, duration of hospital stay, and types of surgical procedures. A wound infection developed in one of the dogs given ampicillin; there were no wound infections in the animals given the placebo. The infection rates in the 2 groups were not significantly different. PMID- 3902759 TI - Application of current methods for isolation and identification of staphylococci in raw bovine milk. AB - Samples of raw milk were examined for counts of somatic cells, total viable bacteria, staphylococci (Schleifer & Kramer's medium) and Staphylococcus aureus (Baird-Parker medium, Baird-Parker medium with pig plasma and Baird-Parker medium with additional antibiotics). For the isolation of staphylococci from raw milk, Schleifer & Kramer's medium was found to be very selective and in general performed satisfactorily. From the results obtained with the three remaining media the continued use of Baird-Parker medium for isolation of Staph. aureus from raw milk is recommended with the proviso that colonies selected for identification should include those that clear and do not clear the egg yolk and are not limited to colonies with diameters greater than 1 mm. Staphylococci isolated from raw milk were identified by key tests using a multipoint inoculation procedure. A selected number were also examined by the API STAPH system in conjunction with the API LAB computer programme for identification of staphylococci. Of the staphylococci examined, 90.0% were identified using the multipoint procedure. For strains identified as Staph. aureus, Staph. hyicus subsp. hyicus, Staph. epidermidis, Staph. simulans, Staph. xylosus or members of the Staph. hominis/Staph. warneri/Staph haemolyticus group, the API system provided confirmatory evidence. With strains identified by the multipoint procedure as Staph. hyicus subsp. chromogenes, Staph. sciuri subsp. sciuri and Staph. sciuri subsp. lentus the API system did not always provide concurring results. Several strains which could not be identified by the multipoint procedure could be identified by the API system. Staph. aureus, Staph. hyicus subsp. hyicus and Staph. hyicus subsp. chromogenes strains isolated from milk were examined for production of enterotoxin A-E. Only 3.9% of Staph. aureus strains examined produced detectable enterotoxin (type C). None of the Staph. hyicus subsp. hyicus or Staph. hyicus subsp. chromogenes strains produced any of the known enterotoxins. PMID- 3902761 TI - Penetration of beta-lactam antibiotics into cardiac vegetations, aorta and heart muscle in experimental Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis: comparison of ceftazidime, cefuroxime and methicillin. AB - The penetration of ceftazidime, cefuroxime and methicillin into cardiac vegetations, normal aorta wall tissue, heart muscle and heart muscle tissue fluid was measured in rabbits with Staphylococcus aureus (853E) endocarditis. After a 100 mg/kg intramuscular injection, ceftazidime attained significantly higher peak concentrations than cefuroxime and methicillin in all compartments with the exception of aorta where no difference was observed between ceftazidime and methicillin. The half life of ceftazidime in each compartment (50-65 min) was approximately twice that of cefuroxime and methicillin. The area under the concentration/time curve for ceftazidime in vegetations over a post dosing 6 h period was approximately five times greater than that for cefuroxime and three times that for methicillin. Ceftazidime remained for a longer time period in all compartments, however cefuroxime persisted the longest at supra-MIC concentrations in all compartments except serum. Compared to cefuroxime and methicillin where vegetation and aorta tissue levels were similar, ceftazidime attained peak levels in vegetations which were more than double those found in aorta tissue. Analysis of the percentage penetration from serum into vegetation, suggested that the higher concentrations of ceftazidime in vegetation tissue were probably not a function of increased fluid content relative to undamaged aorta but were more likely caused by an intrinsically better penetrating capacity for vegetation tissue. PMID- 3902760 TI - Inhibition of penicillin-binding protein 3 of Escherichia coli K-12. Effects upon growth, viability and outer membrane barrier function. AB - A temperature-conditional, cell-division mutant of Escherichia coli K-12 possessing a thermolabile penicillin-binding protein (PBP) 3 was isolated. The mutant phenotype was due to a lesion in the pbpB gene. This mutant, and leu+ pbpB co-transductants of E. coli C600 grew as rods at 30 degrees C but were converted to filaments at 42 degrees C upon denaturation of PBP3 and concomitant cessation of cell division. These strains have been used to study the consequences of the specific inhibition of PBP3 of E. coli K-12 upon growth, viability and outer membrane integrity. Our results indicate that the singular inhibition of PBP3 is bactericidal in E. coli K-12, even though the turbidimetric response of the bacteria in broth culture suggests bacteriostasis. Furthermore, filament formation is accompanied by disruption of outer membrane barrier function, as witnessed by the rapid leakage of periplasmic beta-lactamase. This latter finding was confirmed by observing the lytic effect of a sub-inhibitory concentration of cefsulodin on filaments of E. coli K-12 induced by PBP3-specific beta-lactams. The impact of these results upon the testing of beta-lactam sensitivity of E. coli K-12 is discussed. PMID- 3902762 TI - Influence of growth phase on the susceptibility of Candida albicans to butoconazole, oxiconazole, and sulconazole. AB - Three topical antifungal imidazoles were examined for fungicidal potential. At 8 X 10(-5) M, butoconazole, oxiconazole, and sulconazole were strictly fungistatic against early stationary phase Candida albicans cells diluted into fresh medium. With early logarithmic phase organisms, oxiconazole again was fungistatic, but sulconazole and butoconazole were highly lethal at only 2 X 10(-5) M. PMID- 3902763 TI - The in-vitro activity of ceftazidime in combination with ampicillin or piperacillin. PMID- 3902764 TI - Structure activity relationships of spiramycins. AB - Sixty-six derivatives of spiramycin I and neospiramycin I were synthesized and evaluated by four parameters, MIC, affinity to ribosomes (ID50), therapeutic effect in mice and retention time in HPLC. Among the derivatives, 3,3'',4''-tri-O propionyl- and 3,4''-di-O-acetyl-3''-O-butyrylspiramycin I showed the highest therapeutic effect which was superior to acetylspiramycin. Structure activity relationships of spiramycins are discussed. PMID- 3902765 TI - Sulfite, an elective agent in the microbiological and chemical changes occurring in uncooked comminuted meat products. AB - The literature dealing with sulfite preservation of meat products is reviewed. Discussion is centered on three aspects: (i) the elective action of sulfite, whereby its presence in meat products encourages the development of an association of Gram-positive bacteria (Brochothrix thermosphacta and homofermentative lactobacilli) and yeasts. Unsulfited products tend to be dominated by Pseudomonas fragi at chill, and Enterobacteriaceae at ambient temperatures; (ii) the diminution of the preservative potential of a meat product, which is associated with the binding of sulfite by acetaldehyde producing yeasts; and (iii) the sparing action that sulfite has on the carbohydrates contained in the meat or included as an ingredient. PMID- 3902766 TI - Hemolytic complement activity assay in microtitration plates. AB - A new rapid technique is developed for the determination of complement activity in a large number of samples. Following serial dilution of complement, hemolysis is performed in the same microtiter plate. After the reaction, the degree of hemolysis in wells of the plate is determined spectrophotometrically by measurement of "absorbance" (light scattering) at 630 nm, without additional procedures. This method can find application in clinical and experimental biochemistry for the analysis of a large (up to thousands) number of samples. PMID- 3902767 TI - Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system during acute hypoxemia. PMID- 3902768 TI - Lung water measurements with the mean transit time approach. AB - The potential usefulness and limitations of the double-indicator mean transit time approach for measuring lung water are evaluated from both theoretical and empirical points of view. It is concluded that poor tissue perfusion is the most serious factor that can compromise the reliability of this approach. Replacement of the conventional water isotopes with a thermal signal enhances indicator delivery to ischemic areas but the diffusion of heat is not sufficiently rapid to permit measurements of water in macroscopic collections of fluid which remain unperfused. The frequency of pulmonary vascular obstruction in patients with pulmonary edema related to lung injury suggests that interpretation of transit time data will be complicated by uncertainties concerning perfusion. Thermal-dye measurements of lung water may prove more helpful in situations where pulmonary blood flow remains relatively uniform. PMID- 3902769 TI - Enhanced metabolic response to caffeine in exercise-trained human subjects. AB - The effect of caffeine on resting metabolic rate (RMR) was investigated in eight trained and eight nontrained young male subjects. The ingestion of 4 mg/kg caffeine produced a greater increase of RMR in trained subjects. This effect was associated with a greater increase in plasma free fatty acids and a larger fall in respiratory quotient, indicating an enhanced lipid oxidation following caffeine in exercise-trained subjects. An initial fall in plasma glucose was observed but only in trained subjects, and caffeine did not change plasma insulin in either group studied. Caffeine caused a significant fall in plasma norepinephrine and an increase in plasma epinephrine in both groups of subjects, but this action was significantly greater in trained subjects. It is suggested that the greater increase in RMR observed in trained subjects following caffeine ingestion is related to an enhanced lipid mobilization, possibly produced by a greater epinephrine secretion and by subsequent increased lipid oxidation. PMID- 3902770 TI - Effects of detraining on responses to submaximal exercise. AB - Seven endurance-trained subjects were studied 12, 21, 56, and 84 days after cessation of training. Heart rate, ventilation, respiratory exchange ratio, and blood lactate concentration during submaximal exercise of the same absolute intensity increased (P less than 0.05) progressively during the first 56 days of detraining, after which a stabilization occurred. These changes paralleled a 40% decline (P less than 0.001) in mitochondrial enzyme activity levels and a 21% increase in total lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity (P less than 0.05) in trained skeletal muscle. After 84 days of detraining, the experimental subjects' muscle mitochondrial enzyme levels were still 50% above, and LDH activity was 22% below, sedentary control levels. The blood lactate threshold of the detrained subjects occurred at higher absolute and relative (i.e., 75 +/- 2% vs. 62 +/- 3% of maximal O2 uptake) exercise intensities in the subjects after 84 days of detraining than in untrained controls (P less than 0.05). Thus it appears that a portion of the adaptation to prolonged and intense endurance training that is responsible for the higher lactate threshold in the trained state persists for a long time (greater than 85 days) after training is stopped. PMID- 3902771 TI - Plasma renin activity and forearm blood flow in paraplegic humans. AB - We recently found that paraplegic humans respond to hyperthermia with subnormal increase in skin blood flow (SkBF), based on measurements of forearm blood flow (FBF). Is this inhibition of SkBF a defect in thermoregulation or a cardiovascular adjustment necessary for blood pressure control? Since high resting plasma renin activity (PRA) is found in unstressed individuals with spinal cord lesions and since PRA increases during hyperthermia in normal humans, we inquired whether the renin-angiotensin system is responsible for the attenuated FBF in hyperthermic resting paraplegics. Five subjects, 28-47 yr, with spinal transections (T1-T10), were heated in water-perfused suits. Blood samples for PRA determinations were collected during a control period and after internal temperature reached approximately 38 degrees C. Some subjects with markedly attenuated FBF had little or no elevation of PRA; those with the best-developed FBF response exhibited the highest PRA. Clearly, circulating angiotensin is not the agent that attenuates SkBF. Rather, increased activity of the renin angiotensin system may be a favorable adaptation that counters the locally mediated SkBF increase in the lower body and thus allows controlled active vasodilation in the part of the body subject to centrally integrated sympathetic effector outflow. PMID- 3902772 TI - Plasma levels of renin, angiotensin II, and 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha in endurance athletes. AB - Twelve male runners and 12 matched nonathletes performed a prolonged uninterrupted graded exercise test on the bicycle ergometer up to exhaustion to study blood pressure and plasma levels of renin (PRA), vasoconstrictor angiotensin II (ANG II), and 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha (6-keto-PGF1 alpha), a metabolite of the vasodilator prostacyclin. In the athletes work load was increased by 30 W/4 min, and in the control subjects the increments of work load were adjusted to their lower exercise capacity to equalize total exercise duration. Blood was drawn, and blood pressure and O2 uptake (VO2) were measured at rest and at the fourth, eighth, and last steps of exercise. Peak VO2 averaged 60 +/- 1.6 ml . min-1 . kg-1 in the runners and 46.8 +/- 1.5 in the nonathletes. To evaluate differences between athletes and controls, PRA, ANG II, and 6-keto PGF1 alpha were first adjusted for significant confounding factors, such as age, weight, hematocrit, 24-h urinary sodium excretion, and O2 uptake. PRA was significantly lower in the athletes (F = 11.2; P less than 0.01); ANG II was not different at rest, but its rise with exercise was less steep in the runners (F = 8.2; P less than 0.01), whereas 6-keto-PGF1 alpha was not different between the groups (F = 1.3; NS). Despite the differences in PRA and ANG II, however, blood pressure was similar in athletes and nonathletes (F = 0.0; NS). PMID- 3902773 TI - Effect of head-down tilt on basal plasma norepinephrine and renin activity in humans. AB - The effects of loading cardiopulmonary baroreceptors on basal norepinephrine and renin activity were studied in six normal subjects. Loading of cardiopulmonary baroreceptors was accomplished by a 60-min 30 degrees head-down tilt with small supplemental saline infusions. Central venous pressure was measured continuously by intrathoracic catheter; arterial pressure was measured indirectly by cuff. During the tilt, central venous pressure increased from 5.1 +/- 1.3 to 8.9 +/- 1.7 mmHg (P less than 0.001), whereas arterial pressure was unchanged. Plasma norepinephrine (185 +/- 85 pg/ml) and plasma renin activity (3.9 +/- 5.7 ng . ml 1 . h-1) did not change. Moderate sustained loading of cardiopulmonary baroreceptors is therefore without effect on unstressed plasma norepinephrine and renin activity in normal humans, suggesting that the tonic inhibitory effects of these receptors on these neurohumoral control systems are not readily increased in the basal state. PMID- 3902774 TI - Effect of PEEP on discharge of pulmonary C-fibers in dogs. AB - Although positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) is believed to depress cardiac output and arterial pressure by compressing the vena cava and the heart, it is unclear whether PEEP also depresses these variables by a reflex arising from an inflation-induced stimulation of pulmonary C-fibers. We therefore recorded the impulse activity of 17 pulmonary C-fibers in barbiturate-anesthetized dogs with closed chests, while we placed the expiratory outlet of a ventilator under 5-30 cmH2O. Increasing PEEP in a ramp-like manner stimulated 12 of the 17 pulmonary C fibers, with activity increasing from 0.0 +/- 0.1 to 0.9 +/- 0.2 imp/s when end expiratory pressure equaled 15 cmH2O. When PEEP was increased in a stepwise manner to 15-20 cmH2O and maintained at this pressure for 15 min, pulmonary C fibers increased their firing rates, but the effect was small averaging 0.2-0.3 imp/s after the 1st min of this maneuver. We conclude that pulmonary C-fibers are unlikely to be responsible for causing much of the decreases in cardiac output and arterial pressure evoked by sustained periods of PEEP in both patients and laboratory animals. These C-fibers, however, are likely to be responsible for causing the reflex decreases in these variables evoked by sudden application of PEEP. PMID- 3902775 TI - Transmission of airway pressure to pleural space during lung edema and chest wall restriction. AB - To investigate the influence of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) on hemodynamic measurements we examined the transmission of airway pressure to the pleural space during varying conditions of lung and chest wall compliance. Eight ventilated anesthetized dogs were studied in the supine position with the chest closed. Increases in pleural pressure were similar for both small and large PEEP increments (5-20 cmH2O), whether measured in the esophagus (Pes) or in the juxtacardiac space by a wafer sensor (Pj). Increments in Pj exceeded the increments in Pes at all levels of PEEP and under each condition of altered lung and chest wall compliance. When chest wall compliance was reduced by thoracic and abdominal binding, the fraction of PEEP sensed in the pleural space increased as theoretically predicted. Acute edematous lung injury produced by oleic acid (OA) did not alter the deflation limb pressure-volume characteristics of the lung, provided that end-inspiratory volume was adequate. With the chest and abdomen restricted OA was associated with less than normal transmission of airway pressure to the pleural space, most likely because the end-inspiratory volume required to restore normal deflation characteristics was not attained. Together these results indicate that the influence of acute edematous lung injury on the transmission of airway pressure to the pleural space depends importantly on the peak volume achieved during inspiration. PMID- 3902776 TI - Hemodynamic effects of PEEP applied as a ramp in normo-, hyper-, and hypovolemia. AB - Nonlinear hemodynamic responses on positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) have been attributed to a rise of mean central venous pressure (Pcv), to compensatory cardiovascular control mechanisms, and to the occurrence of a lung stretch depressor reflex above a threshold lung stretch. We tested the hypothesis that the contribution of each of these mechanisms is dependent on the preexisting volemic load. PEEP was applied as a continuous rise (ramp) in piglets in three different volemic loads. In the normovolemic circulation cardiac output (CO) decreased nonlinearly in three phases during the PEEP ramp up to 15 cmH2O. CO decreased gradually in phase I, followed by a sharp decrease in phase II between a PEEP of 3 and 9 cmH2O and again a more gradual decrease in phase III up to a PEEP of 15 cmH2O. Heart rate (HR) and mean aortic pressure (PaO) also decreased during phase II, indicating the predominance of a lung stretch depressor reflex. In the hypervolemic circulation (loading 15 ml . kg-1 dextran) only phases I and II were observed with the onset of phase II at a higher level of PEEP (6 cmH2O). More lung stretch appeared to be necessary to elicit the lung stretch depressor reflex. In the hypovolemic circulation (hemorrhage 15 ml . kg-1) CO decreased linearly, Pao was stable after an initial decrease, and HR increased continuously, indicating a predominance of cardiovascular compensatory mechanisms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3902777 TI - Bradykinin is degraded in hypoxic lungs and does not affect epithelial permeability. AB - To investigate the effect of intravenous infusions of bradykinin (BK) on the permeability of the hypoxic pulmonary epithelium to small solutes, experiments (n = 7) were performed in yearling sheep with chronic vascular catheters. Sheep were anesthetized, intubated, paralyzed, and ventilated. After establishing stable and normal base-line pulmonary hemodynamics and blood gas tensions, the lungs were insufflated with a submicronic aerosol of technetium-99m-labeled diethylenetriaminepentaacetate (99mTc-DTPA, mol wt = 492). Radioactivity arising from the right hemithorax was measured by an NaI probe with a parallel-holed collimator. The base-line pulmonary clearance rate (k) for 99mTc-DTPA was 0.51 +/ 0.09% (SE)/min, while the sheep were ventilated with a fractional concentration of inspired O2 (FIO2) of 0.5 [arterial partial pressure of O2 (PaO2) = 196 +/- 11.4 (SE) Torr]. Clearance of 99mTc-DTPA was unaffected by hypoxia alone or BK infusions in nonhypoxic lungs. The combination of an intravenous infusion of BK at either 1.2 (n = 3) or 2.4 micrograms . kg-1 . min-1 (n = 4) and alveolar hypoxia [FIO2 = 0.11, PaO2 = 28 +/- 1.6 (SE) Torr] did not affect pulmonary clearance of 99mTc-DTPA [k = 0.43 +/- 0.08% (SE)/min]. In contrast, a 0.05-ml/kg intravenous infusion of oleic acid increased clearance 10-fold in one sheep. During combined hypoxia and BK infusion the pulmonary arterial BK concentration (radioimmunoassay) increased from 0.82 +/- 0.16 (SE) to 7.05 +/- 1.86 ng/ml (P less than 0.001), but the systemic arterial concentrations were unchanged [0.67 +/- 0.19 (SE) to 0.66 +/- 0.09 ng/ml].(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3902778 TI - Effect of increases in lung volume on clearance of aerosolized solute from human lungs. AB - To study the effect of increases in lung volume on solute uptake, we measured clearance of 99mTc-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Tc-DTPA) at different lung volumes in 19 healthy humans. Seven subjects inhaled aerosol (1 micron activity median aerodynamic diam) at ambient pressure; clearance and functional residual capacity (FRC) were measured at ambient pressure (control) and at increased lung volume produced by positive pressure [12 cmH2O continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)] or negative pressure (voluntary breathing). Six different subjects inhaled aerosol at ambient pressure; clearance and FRC were measured at ambient pressure and CPAP of 6, 12, and 18 cmH2O pressure. Six additional subjects inhaled aerosol at ambient pressure or at CPAP of 12 cmH2O; clearance and FRC were determined at CPAP of 12 cmH2O. According to the results, Tc-DTPA clearance from human lungs is accelerated exponentially by increases in lung volume, this effect occurs whether lung volume is increased by positive or negative pressure breathing, and the effect is the same whether lung volume is increased during or after aerosol administration. The effect of lung volume must be recognized when interpreting the results of this method. PMID- 3902779 TI - Increased cardiac output increases shunt: role of pulmonary edema and perfusion. AB - In low-pressure pulmonary edema increased cardiac output (QT) increases shunt (Qs/QT); we tested whether the mechanism is an increase in extravascular lung water in turn mediated by the accompanying increase in microvascular pressure. In six pentobarbital sodium-anesthetized dogs ventilated with O2 we administered oleic acid into the right atrium. From base line to 2 h post-oleic acid we measured concurrent significant increases in Qs/QT (6-29%, O2 technique) and extravascular thermal volume (ETV, 2.6-7.1 ml/g dry intravascular blood-free lung wt, thermal-green dye indicator technique) that were stable by 90 min. Then, bilateral femoral arteriovenous fistulas were opened and closed in 30-min periods to cause reversible increases in QT and associated Qs/QT. When fistulas were open the time-averaged QT increased from 5.1 to 6.9 min (P less than 0.05), the simultaneous Qs/QT rose from 30.7 to 38.4% (P less than 0.05), but ETV did not increase. We conclude that increasing lung edema does not account for our rise in Qs/QT when QT increased. PMID- 3902780 TI - Retraction of two articles: Bradykinin. PMID- 3902781 TI - Factors controlling embryonic heart cell proliferation in serum-free synthetic media. AB - Embryonic chick cardiac cell cultures, plated on collagen-coated dishes, containing serum-free synthetic media proliferate actively. The basic medium contained Ham's F12 nutrient mixture, fetuin, ascorbic acid, and bovine serum albumin. This medium was supplemented with various combinations of factors: endothelial cell growth supplement (ECGS), epidermal growth factor (EGF), insulin (I), transferrin (T), selenium (S), hydrocortisone, and thyroxine or supplemented alone. Basic medium supplemented with ECGS alone contributes to the highest final cell density among all other factors used in various combinations or alone. The final cell density of the control culture with 2% fetal bovine serum was higher than those of all experimental cultures and an additional control culture grown in the basic medium. Combinations of factors without ECGS do not promote significant cell proliferation. Thyroxine is required to induce optimal differentiation and contractility of cardiac myocytes in vitro. Fibronectin and laminin did not show any more influence than collagen did on the growth and maintenance of cardiac myocytes in serum-free media. The proportion of cardiac muscle cells in ECGS-containing media was higher than those in other experimental media and control media with the exception of ECGS and ITS-containing medium that showed lower proportion of cardiac myocytes than that of serum-containing medium on Days 3 and 5. The profiles of incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA of heart cells in experimental and control cultures showed a peak in incorporation values within the first week of culture and subsequently declined. Autoradiography studies revealed that cardiac myocytes in culture supplemented with ECGS alone attained a peak in labeling index on Day 1 with approximately 62% labeled cells. Subsequently, the labeling indices declined. Cardiac myocytes grown in media without ECGS showed significantly lower labeling indices than those in ECGS containing media. This study has demonstrated the influence of ECGS, EGF and ITS in promoting the growth of cardiac myocytes and also in contributing to the maintenance of contractile cardiac myocytes in serum-free, long-term culture. The influence of ECGS on heart cell proliferation is considered to be superior to that of EGF and ITS. PMID- 3902782 TI - Long-term multiplication of the Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line in a serum free medium. AB - A new synthetic medium (referred to as GC3) that supports the growth of the Chinese hamster ovary cell line has been developed. It is composed of a 1:1 mixture of Ham's F12 and modified Eagle's minimum essential (MEM.S) mediums supplemented with transferrin (10 micrograms/ml), insulin (80 mU/ml), and selenium (1 X 10(-7) M). Other more simple supplementations of our basal medium MEM.S/F12 (transferrin + insulin, transferrin + selenium, ferrous iron + selenium) also give good cell growth responses. Fibronectin or serum pretreatment is not needed for cellular attachment and spreading. Our culture system is characterized by a continuous serum-free cultivation (more than 200 doublings), a clonal growth, a high density proliferation, and a rapid growth rate near that of cells in serum-supplemented medium. PMID- 3902783 TI - Human-human hybridomas secreting antibodies specific to human lung carcinoma. AB - Human Namalwa cells were screened in serum-free medium and in 6-thioguanine, then fused with human lymphocytes from lymph nodes of lung adenocarcinoma cancer patients. Extensive testing using 14 lung cancer cell lines, 11 other cancer cell lines and 4 normal fibroblast lines identified monoclonal antibodies produced by 4 hybridoma clones that reacted specifically with lung adenocarcinoma cells. These monoclonal antibodies also reacted with lung adenocarcinoma tissues and not normal tissues or erythrocytes of any blood type. These hybridoma clones grew and stably secreted the antibodies in serum-free medium as well as in serum containing medium. PMID- 3902784 TI - A pilot study of the multidisciplinary management of childhood asthma in a family practice. AB - A small, controlled trial of joint treatment of childhood asthma by a doctor, a physiotherapist, a psychologist, and a social worker, working together in the family setting, demonstrated an improvement in ventilatory capacity. The limited scope of this trial does not permit more general conclusions as to the effect of such treatment on the severity and frequency of attacks, but the observation that some measurable physiological improvement occurred suggests that the place of multidisciplinary nonpharmaceutical management of childhood asthma should be investigated in more detail. PMID- 3902785 TI - An account of the foxglove. PMID- 3902786 TI - Monocomponent insulin. PMID- 3902787 TI - Bacteriophage receptor area of outer membrane protein OmpA of Escherichia coli K 12. AB - A number of T-even-like bacteriophages use the outer membrane protein OmpA of Escherichia coli as a receptor. We had previously analyzed a series of ompA mutants which are resistant to such phages and which still produce the OmpA protein (R. Morona, M. Klose, and U. Henning, J. Bacteriol. 159:570-578, 1984). Mutational alterations were found near or at residues 70, 110 and 154. Based on these and other results a model was proposed showing the amino-terminal half of the 325-residue protein crossing the outer membrane repeatedly and being cell surface exposed near residues 25, 70, 110, and 154. We characterized, by DNA sequence analysis, an additional 14 independently isolated phage-resistant ompA mutants which still synthesize the protein. Six of the mutants had alterations identical to the ones described before. The other eight mutants possessed seven new alterations: Ile-24----Asn, Gly-28----Val, deletion of Glu-68, Gly-70----Cys, Ser-108----Phe, Ser-108----Pro, and Gly-154----Asp (two isolates). Only the latter alteration resulted in a conjugation-deficient phenotype. The substitutions at Ile-24 and Gly-28 confirmed the expectation that this area of the protein also participates in its phage receptor region. It is unlikely that still other such sites of the protein are involved in the binding of phage, and it appears that the phage receptor area of the protein has now been characterized completely. PMID- 3902788 TI - Domains involved in osmoregulation of the ompF gene in Escherichia coli. AB - Expression of the ompF gene, which is under the control of the OmpR protein, is regulated by the osmolarity of the medium. To study the mechanism of osmoregulation, plasmids carrying two different types of chimeric genes were constructed. In one type, the coding region of the ompF gene was linked to the trp promoter (trpPO) preceding ompF, and in the other type the ompF upstream region, mostly composed of the region for regulation by OmpR and the promoter region, was linked to the lacZ gene by protein fusion. Expression of beta galactosidase by the lacZ chimeric gene was OmpR dependent and osmoregulated as sensitively as that of the intact ompF gene. In the ompR20 background the direction of osmoregulation was opposite that of normal osmoregulation, as was the direction of osmoregulation of the intact ompF gene. Osmoregulation was also observed with trpPO-ompF chimeric genes. However, the regulation was not as sensitive to the osmolarity of the medium as was regulation of the intact ompF gene and was independent of OmpR. These results suggest that OmpR-dependent osmoregulation played a primary role in the osmoregulation of ompF expression and that ompR-independent osmoregulation most likely did not play a crucial role. Studies with a series of trpPO-ompF chimeric genes also suggest that the untranslated leader region, about 100 base pairs in length, between the transcription initiation site and the initiation codon was not required for osmoregulation. PMID- 3902789 TI - Identification of the structural gene encoding maltase within the MAL6 locus of Saccharomyces carlsbergensis. AB - Saccharomyces yeast strains able to ferment maltose carry at least one member of a family of MAL loci: MAL1, MAL2, MAL3, MAL4, and MAL6. The MAL6 locus has been cloned and shown to be a cluster of at least three transcribed regions, all of which are required for maltose fermentation. Transcription at two of these genes, MAL61 and MAL62, is both induced by maltose and repressed by glucose. The third gene, MAL63, appears to encode a regulatory product controlling maltose fermentation. In this report, we demonstrate that the MAL62 gene is the structural gene coding for the enzyme maltase. Strain 332-5A is a maltose fermenter of the genotype MAL6 mal1(0). Integrative disruption of the MAL62 gene of the MAL6 locus produces a strain which is still capable of fermenting maltose, but which synthesizes a more heat-labile form of maltase than the undisrupted strain. Synthesis of this more heat-labile maltase was shown to be linked to the mal1(0) locus present in the strain. Integrative disruption of both the MAL62 gene and the MAL62-homologous sequence present at the mal1(0) locus produces a nonfermenter which is unable to synthesize maltase. These results identify MAL62 as the maltase structural gene. PMID- 3902790 TI - Isolation and characterization of vanadate-resistant mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - Cellular vanadium metabolism was studied in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by isolating and characterizing vanadate [VO4(3-), V(V)]-resistant mutants. Vanadate growth inhibition was reversed by the removal of the vanadate from the medium, and vanadate resistance was found to be a recessive trait. Vanadate-resistant mutants isolated from glucose-grown cells were divided into five complementation classes containing more than one mutant. Among the vanadate-resistant mutants isolated in maltose medium, the majority of mutants were found in only two complementation groups. Three of the classes of vanadate-resistant mutants were resistant to 2.5 mM vanadate but sensitive to 5.0 mM vanadate in liquid media. Two classes of vanadate-resistant mutants were resistant to growth in media containing up to 5.0 mM vanadate. Electron spin resonance studies showed that representative strains of the vanadate-resistant complementation classes contained more cell-associated vanadyl [VO2+, V(IV)] than the parental strains. 51 Vanadium nuclear magnetic resonance studies showed that one of the vanadate resonances previously associated with cell toxicity (G. R. Willsky, D. A. White, and B. C. McCabe, J. Biol. Chem. 259:13273-132812, 1984) did not accumulate in the resistant strains compared with the sensitive strain. The amount of vanadate remaining in the media after growth was larger for the sensitive strain than for the vanadate-resistant strains. All of the strains were able to accumulate phosphate, vanadate, and vanadyl. PMID- 3902791 TI - Characterization and expression of the structural gene for pullulanase, a maltose inducible secreted protein of Klebsiella pneumoniae. AB - Some strains of Klebsiella pneumonia secrete pullulanase, a debranching enzyme which produces linear molecules (maltodextrins, amylose) from amylopectin and glycogen. pulA, the structural gene for pullulanase, was introduced into Escherichia coli, either on a multiple-copy-number plasmid or as a single copy in the chromosome. When in E. coli, pulA was controlled by malT, the positive regulatory gene of the maltose regulon. Indeed, pulA expression was undetectable in a malT-negative mutant and constitutive in a malTc strain. Furthermore, the plasmid carrying pulA titrated the MalT protein. When produced in E. coli, pullulanase was not localized in the same way as in K. pneumoniae. In the latter case it was first exported to the outer membrane, with which it remained loosely associated, and was then released into the growth medium. In E. coli the enzyme was distributed both in the inner and the outer membranes and was never released into the growth medium. PMID- 3902792 TI - Structure of two divergent promoters located in front of the gene encoding pullulanase in Klebsiella pneumoniae and positively regulated by the malT product. AB - Pullulanase is an extracellular starch-debranching enzyme produced by Klebsiella pneumoniae. When its structural gene, pulA, is introduced into Escherichia coli, it is controlled by malT, the positive regulator gene of the maltose regulon. Characterization of the region 5' to pulA and of the beginning of the gene described herein demonstrate that (i) pullulanase is probably a lipoprotein; (ii) an additional malT-controlled promoter (the malX promoter) lies adjacent to the pulA promoter and is oriented in the opposite direction; (iii) in common with the three previously described malT-controlled promoters, the pulA and malX promoters have a conserved hexanucleotide (consensus sequence, 5'-GGATGGA) 35 base pairs upstream from the transcription initiation site; and (iv) upstream from this conserved hexanucleotide the pulA and malX promoters differ from the other mal promoters in that they lack any detectable binding site for the cyclic AMP binding protein. PMID- 3902793 TI - Properties of an Escherichia coli mutant deficient in phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase catalytic activity. AB - A mutant Escherichia coli (Ppcc-) which was unable to grow on glucose as a sole carbon source was isolated. This mutant had very low levels of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activity (approximately 5% of the wild type). Goat immunoglobulin G prepared against wild-type phosphoenolypyruvate carboxylase cross-reacted with the Ppcc- enzyme. The amount of enzyme protein in the mutant cells was similar to that found in wild-type cells, but it had greatly diminished specific activity. The catalytically less active mutant enzyme retained the ability to interact with fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, but did not exhibit stabilization of the tetrameric form by aspartate. The pI of the mutant protein was lower (4.9) than that of the wild-type protein (5.1). After electrophoresis and immunoblotting of the partially purified protein, several immunostaining bands were seen in addition to the main enzyme band. A novel method for showing that these bands represented proteolytic fragments of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase was developed. PMID- 3902794 TI - In vivo and in vitro synthesis of Escherichia coli maltose-binding protein under regulatory control of the lacUV5 promoter-operator. AB - It has not been possible to obtain in vitro expression of the positively regulated malE gene encoding the periplasmic maltose-binding protein (MBP) of Escherichia coli. To facilitate in vitro malE expression, we constructed plasmids that place the malE gene under transcriptional control of the lacUV5 promoter operator. These plasmids could be grouped into three classes, based upon their ability to complement in vivo a chromosomal malE deletion in the presence or absence of isopropyl thiogalactoside. In the one class I plasmid analyzed, the lacUV5-malE junction was just 3' to the malE ATG initiation codon, and this plasmid did not complement the malE deletion. Class II and class III plasmids retained various amounts of the malE promoter. MBP synthesis was solely under control of the lacUV5 promoter in the class II plasmids, and MBP synthesis was under control of both the lacUV5 and malE promoters in the class III plasmids. A malE mutation that renders the MBP signal peptide export defective was genetically recombined onto one of the class II plasmids. The in vivo synthesis and export of plasmid-encoded MBP were studied in the presence and absence of isopropyl thiogalactoside and maltose and in a strain harboring a prlA mutation that suppresses the malE signal sequence mutation and is thought to alter the export machinery of cells. In addition, both class II and class III plasmids programmed the synthesis of precursor MBP in an in vitro-coupled transcription translation system. When precursor MBP was synthesized in vitro in the presence of E. coli membrane vesicles, a significant portion of wild-type precursor MBP, but not export-defective precursor MBP, was converted to a form that migrated on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels identically to mature MBP synthesized in vivo. PMID- 3902795 TI - araB Gene and nucleotide sequence of the araC gene of Erwinia carotovora. AB - The araB and araC genes of Erwinia carotovora were expressed in Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. The araB and araC genes in E. coli, E. carotovora, and S. typhimurium were transcribed in divergent directions. In E. carotovora, the araB and araC genes were separated by 3.5 kilobase pairs, whereas in E. coli and S. typhimurium they were separated by 147 base pairs. The nucleotide sequence of the E. carotovora araC gene was determined. The predicted sequence of AraC protein of E. carotovora was 18 and 29 amino acids longer than that of AraC protein of E. coli and S. typhimurium, respectively. The DNA sequence of the araC gene of E. carotovora was 58% homologous to that of E. coli and 59% homologous to that of S. typhimurium, with respect to the common region they share. The predicted amino acid sequence of AraC protein was 57% homologous to that of E. coli and 58% homologous to that of S. typhimurium. The 5' noncoding regions of the araB and araC genes of E. carotovora had little homology to either of the other two species. PMID- 3902796 TI - Evidence for transcription antitermination control of tryptophanase operon expression in Escherichia coli K-12. AB - Tryptophanase, encoded by the gene tnaA, is a catabolic enzyme distinct from the enzymes of tryptophan biosynthesis. Tryptophanase synthesis is induced by tryptophan and is subject to catabolite repression. We studied the mechanism of tna operon induction. Mutants with altered rho factor were partially constitutive for tna expression, implicating rho-dependent transcription termination in the control of tna expression. Measurements of mRNA synthesis from the transcribed leader region preceeding the tna operon suggested that the tna promoter was constitutive and that in the absence of inducer, transcription terminated in the leader region. Upon induction, this transcription termination was relieved. Cis acting constitutive mutants had genetic alterations in the tna leader region. These lesions defined a site that is homologous to the bacteriophage lambda boxA sequence, which is thought to play a role in antitermination control of lambda lytic gene expression. We propose that tna expression is subject to transcription antitermination control. We hypothesize that a tryptophan-activated antiterminator protein mediates induction by suppressing the rho-dependent termination sites in the leader region, thus allowing transcription to proceed into the tna operon structural gene region. PMID- 3902797 TI - Cell cycle parameters of Proteus mirabilis: interdependence of the biosynthetic cell cycle and the interdivision cycle. AB - We investigated the time periods of DNA replication, lateral cell wall extension, and septum formation within the cell cycle of Proteus mirabilis. Cells were cultivated under three different conditions, yielding interdivision times of approximately 55, 57, and 160 min, respectively. Synchrony was achieved by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. The time periods were estimated by division inhibition studies with cephalexin, mecillinam, and nalidixic acid. In addition, DNA replication was measured by thymidine incorporation, and murein biosynthesis was measured by incorporation of N-acetylglucosamine into sodium dodecyl sulfate-insoluble murein sacculi. At interdivision times of 55 to 57 min murein biosynthesis for reproduction of a unit cell lasted longer than the interdivision time itself, whereas DNA replication finished within 40 min. Surprisingly, inhibition of DNA replication by nalidixic acid did not inhibit the subsequent cell division but rather the one after that. Because P. mirabilis fails to express several reactions of the recA-dependent SOS functions known from Escherichia coli, the drug allowed us to determine which DNA replication period actually governed which cell division. Taken together, the results indicate that at an interdivision time of 55 to 57 min, the biosynthetic cell cycle of P. mirabilis lasts approximately 120 min. To achieve the observed interdivision time, it is necessary that two subsequent biosynthetic cell cycles be tightly interlocked. The implications of these findings for the regulation of the cell cycle are discussed. PMID- 3902798 TI - Mathematical model for determining the effects of intracytoplasmic inclusions on volume and density of microorganisms. AB - Procaryotic microorganisms accumulate several polymers in the form of intracellular inclusions as a strategy to increase survival in a changing environment. Such inclusions avoid osmotic pressure increases by tightly packaging certain macromolecules into the inclusion. In the present paper, a model describing changes in volume and density of the microbial cell as a function of the weight of the macromolecule forming the inclusion is derived from simple theoretical principles. The model is then tested by linear regression with experimental data from glycogen accumulation in Escherichia coli, poly-beta hydroxybutyrate accumulation in Alcaligenes eutrophus, and sulfur accumulation in Chromatium spp. The model predicts a certain degree of hydration of the polymer in the inclusion and explains both the linear relationship between volume of the cell and weight of the polymer and the hyperbolic relationship between density of the cell and weight of the polymer. Other implications of the model are also discussed. PMID- 3902799 TI - Identification of an inducible catabolic system for sialic acids (nan) in Escherichia coli. AB - Escherichia coli K-12 and K-12 hybrid strains constructed to express a polysialic acid capsule, the K1 antigen, were able to efficiently use sialic acid as a sole carbon source. This ability was dependent on induction of at least two activities: a sialic acid-specific transport activity, and an aldolase activity specific for cleaving sialic acids. Induction over basal levels required sialic acid as the apparent inducer, and induction of both activities was repressed by glucose. Induction also required the intracellular accumulation of sialic acid, which could be either added exogenously to the medium or accumulated intracellularly through biosynthesis. Exogenous sialic acid appeared to be transported by an active mechanism that did not involve covalent modification of the sugar. Mutations affecting either the transport or degradation of sialic acid prevented its use as a carbon source and have been designated nanT and nanA, respectively. These mutations were located by transduction near min 69 on the E. coli K-12 genetic map, between argG and glnF. In addition to being unable to use sialic acid as a carbon source, aldolase-negative mutants were growth-inhibited by this sugar. Therefore, the intracellularly accumulated sialic acid was toxic in aldolase-deficient E. coli strains. The dual role of aldolase in dissimilating and detoxifying sialic acids is consistent with the apparent multiple controls on expression of this enzyme. PMID- 3902800 TI - Regulation of sialic acid metabolism in Escherichia coli: role of N acylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase. AB - In Escherichia coli, synthesis of sialic acid is not regulated by allosteric inhibition mediated by cytidine 5'-monophospho-N-acetylneuraminic acid (CMP NeuNAc). Evidence for the lack of metabolic control by feedback inhibition was demonstrated by measuring the intracellular level of sialic acid and CMP-NeuNAc in mutants defective in sialic acid polymerization and in CMP-NeuNAc synthesis. Polymerization-defective mutants could not synthesize the polysialic acid capsule and accumulated ca. 25-fold more CMP-NeuNAc than the wild type. Mutants unable to activate sialic acid because of a defect in CMP-NeuNAc synthetase accumulated ca. sevenfold more sialic acid than the wild type. An additional threefold increase in sialic acid levels occurred when a mutation resulting in loss of N acylneuraminate pyruvate-lysase (sialic acid aldolase) was introduced into the CMP-NeuNAc synthetase-deficient mutant. The aldolase mutation could not be introduced into the polymerization-defective mutant, suggesting that any further increase in the intracellular CMP-NeuNAc concentration was toxic. These results show that sialic acid aldolase can regulate the intracellular concentration of sialic acid and therefore the concentration of CMP-NeuNAc. We conclude that regulation of aldolase, mediated by sialic acid induction, is necessary not only for dissimilating sialic acid (E.R. Vimr and F. A. Troy, J. Bacteriol. 164:845 853, 1985) but also for modulating the level of metabolic intermediates in the sialic acid pathway. In agreement with this conclusion, an increase in the intracellular sialic acid concentration was correlated with an increase in aldolase activity. Direct evidence for the central role of aldolase in regulating the metabolic flux of sialic adid in E. coli was provided by the finding that exogenous radiolabeled sialic acid was specifically incorporated into sialyl polymer in aldolase-negative strain but not in the wild type. PMID- 3902801 TI - Involvement of the relA gene in the autolysis of Escherichia coli induced by inhibitors of peptidoglycan biosynthesis. AB - It is generally assumed that inhibitors of peptidoglycan biosynthesis do not kill nongrowing bacteria. An exceptional case is reported here. The addition of chloramphenicol to amino acid-deprived cultures of relA+ strains of Escherichia coli which were treated with beta-lactam antibiotics, D-cycloserine, or moenomycin resulted in lysis. This phenomenon is termed chloramphenicol-dependent lysis. To be effective, chloramphenicol had to be present at its minimum growth inhibitory concentration (or higher). Analogs of chloramphenicol which did not bind to ribosomes were completely ineffective. Amino acid deprivation was actually not required to demonstrate chloramphenicol-dependent lysis, and cultures treated with growth-inhibitory levels of chloramphenicol alone were lysed when challenged with inhibitors of peptidoglycan synthesis. Peptidoglycan synthesis has been shown previously to be under stringent (relA+) control, and chloramphenicol is known to be an antagonist of stringent control. Thus, it is proposed that the mechanism of chloramphenicol-dependent lysis is based on the ability of chloramphenicol to relax peptidoglycan synthesis in nongrowing relA+ bacteria. This is also consistent with the observation that treatment of amino acid-deprived relA mutants with inhibitors of peptidoglycan synthesis resulted in lysis, i.e., without the mediation of chloramphenicol. PMID- 3902802 TI - Export defect adjacent to the processing site of staphylococcal nuclease is suppressed by a prlA mutation. AB - Plasmids have been constructed in which the Escherichia coli alkaline phosphatase promoter and signal sequence have been fused to the staphylococcal nuclease gene to promote the high-level expression and secretion of this gene product in E. coli. We determined that the first amino acid residue after the signal sequence can determine whether this protein was processed and exported to the periplasmic space. Fractionation and protease accessibility studies were used to show that the export-defective, nuclease precursor is internal to the cytoplasmic membrane barrier of the cell. Furthermore, this export defect was suppressed in a strain containing a prlA mutation. These findings are novel in that this region of the polypeptide chain has been implicated in processing but not export and that prlA mutations have not been previously known to suppress such defects. PMID- 3902803 TI - Common evolutionary origin of the phage T4 dam and host Escherichia coli dam DNA adenine methyltransferase genes. AB - We compared the known DNA nucleotide and encoded amino acid sequences of the Escherichia coli and bacteriophage T4 dam (DNA-adenine methyltransferase) genes. Despite the absence of any DNA sequence homology, there were four regions (11 to 33 residues long) of amino acid sequence homology containing 45 to 64% identity. These results suggest that the genes for these two enzymes have a common evolutionary origin. PMID- 3902804 TI - Regulation by carbon source of enzyme expression and slime production in bacterium W3A1. AB - Slime production by bacterium W3A1 was greatly enhanced during growth on methanol and, to a lesser extent, during growth on trimethylamine. Of the major dehydrogenases synthesized, trimethylamine and methylamine dehydrogenases were induced to different levels by certain carbon sources, while methanol dehydrogenase was expressed during growth on all carbon sources. PMID- 3902806 TI - Six-week trial with diazepam: some clinical observations. AB - Side effects, improvement, and predictors of response were examined in 295 patients treated for greater than or equal to 1 week with diazepam; 234 of these patients completed 6 weeks of treatment. The greatest improvement occurred during the first week of treatment. Sedation was the predominant side effect. Predictors of improvement included low educational level, lack of previous treatment, presence of precipitating stress, low occupational and/or family adjustment, low levels of trait anxiety, and high levels of state anxiety. PMID- 3902805 TI - Regulation of inorganic phosphate transport systems in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - A kinetic study of Pi transport with 32Pi revealed that Saccharomyces cerevisiae has two systems of Pi transport, one with a low Km value (8.2 microM) for external Pi and the other with a high Km value (770 microM). The low-Km system was derepressed by Pi starvation, and the activity was expressed under the control of a genetic system which regulates the repressible acid and alkaline phosphatases. The function of the PHO2 gene, which is essential for the derepression of repressible acid phosphatase but not for the derepression of repressible alkaline phosphatase, was also indispensable for the derepression of the low-Km system. PMID- 3902807 TI - Is cholecystokinin therapeutic in chronic schizophrenia? AB - Cholecystokinin (CCK) has been implicated as a neurotransmitter, and recent research has identified CCK as having potential antipsychotic effects in patients with chronic schizophrenia. Nine chronic schizophrenic patients with prominent psychotic symptoms and a history of resistance to conventional neuroleptic treatment were administered ceruletide, a synthetic decapeptide of cerulein, intramuscularly. No clinically significant short-term or long-term therapeutic effects were demonstrated, despite the results of statistical analysis which indicated significant improvement. The implications of this open clinical trial for a new treatment modality of chronic schizophrenia are discussed. PMID- 3902808 TI - Refractory migraine headache controlled with alprazolam: case report. AB - A woman with major depressive disorder and refractory, incapacitating migraine headaches responded to alprazolam in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Migraine, but not depression, recurred following tapering of the drug, suggesting efficacy of alprazolam for control of refractory migraine. PMID- 3902809 TI - The complete amino acid sequence of trypsin inhibitor DE-3 from Erythrina latissima seeds. AB - Trypsin inhibitor DE-3 from Erythrina latissima seeds contains 172 amino acids, including 4 half-cystine residues, and resembles the Kunitz-type inhibitors. Limited hydrolysis of DE-3 with trypsin at pH 3 produced two fragments, F1 and F2, containing 63 and 109 amino acids, respectively. Amino-terminal sequence studies revealed that F1 was the N-terminal and that F2 was the C-terminal fragment. The complete amino acid sequence of fragments F1 and F2 was then determined on peptides produced by enzymatic digestion with trypsin and Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease. The sequence of trypsin inhibitor DE-3 from E. latissima seeds shows a high degree of homology to those of Kunitz-type trypsin inhibitors from soybeans and winged bean seeds. PMID- 3902810 TI - Selective detection of 3-deoxymannooctulosonic acid in intact lipopolysaccharides by spin-echo 13C NMR. AB - The 3-deoxy-D-mannooctulosonic acid (KDO) region of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from the heptoseless mutant Salmonella minnesota R595 and inner core and heptoseless mutants derived from Escherichia coli K12 was studied by 13C NMR spectroscopy. A spin-echo spectral editing technique was employed for the selective detection of the quaternary anomeric carbon of ketosidically linked KDO. Only two quaternary carbon resonances attributable to KDO were detected in the anomeric carbon spectral region of each LPS from heptoseless mutants E. coli D31m4 (99.7 and 100.8 ppm) and S. minnesota R595 (100.0 and 100.9 ppm). Integrated signal intensities from fully relaxed normal 13C spectra showed that equivalent molar quantities of KDO and glucosamine (i.e. 2 mol of each) were present in each of these samples. Similarly, only two KDO anomeric carbon resonances were detected in the LPS from the inner core mutants E. coli D21f1 (100.8 and 101.2 ppm) and E. coli D21e7 (100.8 and 101.2 ppm). These data confirm the presence of a KDO disaccharide structure rather than a trisaccharide as determined by others using thiobarbituric acid-based assays. The LPS of E. coli D21 (complete inner core oligosaccharide) exhibited four quaternary anomeric carbon resonances (99.4, 100.7, 101.8, and 102.7 ppm). The unequal intensities of these resonances, however, demonstrated that significant heterogeneity exists with respect to KDO substitution in this LPS. A third KDO moiety present in substoichiometric amounts could be consistent with this observation. However, this possibility could not be distinguished from other modes of substitutional heterogeneity involving only 2 KDO residues. PMID- 3902811 TI - Is glucokinase responsible for the anomeric specificity of glycolysis in pancreatic islets? AB - At a low concentration of D-glucose (3.3 mM), the phosphorylation rate of this hexose in rat pancreatic islet homogenates incubated at 8 degrees C is higher with the beta- than with the alpha-anomer, as expected from the anomeric specificity of hexokinase. In the presence of a high concentration of glucose 6 phosphate (3.0 mM), which inhibits hexokinase but not glucokinase, the phosphorylation rates of the two anomers are not significantly different from one another. Nevertheless, in intact islets exposed at 8 degrees C to the same low concentration of D-glucose, the alpha-anomer augments, more than the beta-anomer, the production of lactic acid and net uptake of 45Ca. At the same concentration (3.3 mM), the alpha-anomer is also more potent than the beta-anomer in enhancing insulin release from perfused pancreases stimulated at 37 degrees C by L-leucine or by the combination of Ba2+ and theophylline. It is concluded that the participation of glucokinase is not essential for the anomeric specificity of glycolysis and insulin release in rat pancreatic islets. PMID- 3902812 TI - Characterization of a novel alpha-D-mannosidase from rat brain microsomes. AB - A new alpha-D-mannosidase has been identified in rat brain microsomes. The enzyme was purified 70-100-fold over the microsomal fraction by solubilization with Triton X-100, followed by ion exchange, concanavalin A-Sepharose, and hydroxylapatite chromatography. The purified enzyme is very active towards mannose-containing oligosaccharides and has a pH optimum of 6.0. Unlike rat liver endoplasmic reticulum alpha-D-mannosidase and both Golgi mannosidases IA and IB, which have substantial activity only towards alpha 1,2-linked mannosyl residues, the brain enzyme readily cleaves alpha 1,2-, alpha 1,3-, and alpha 1,6-linked mannosyl residues present in high mannose oligosaccharides. The brain enzyme is also different from liver Golgi mannosidase II in that it hydrolyzes (Man)5GlcNAc and (Man)4GlcNAc without their prior N-acetylglucosaminylation. Moreover, the facts that the ability of the enzyme to cleave GlcNAc(Man)5GlcNAc, the biological substrate for Golgi mannosidase II, is not inhibited by swainsonine, and that p nitrophenyl alpha-D-mannoside is a poor substrate provide further evidence for major differences between the brain enzyme and mannosidase II. Inactivation studies and the co-purification of activities towards various substrates suggest that a single enzyme is responsible for all the activities found. In view of these results, it seems possible that, in rat brain, a single mannosidase cleaves asparagine-linked high mannose oligosaccharide to form the core Man3GlcNAc2 moiety, which would then be modified by various glycosyl transferases to form complex type glycoproteins. PMID- 3902813 TI - Purification and characterization of adenosine deaminase from a genetically enriched mouse cell line. AB - Mammalian adenosine deaminase has been shown by genetic and biochemical evidence to be essential for the development of the immune system. For the purpose of studying the function and structure of this enzyme, we have isolated by genetic selection a mouse cell line, B-1/50, in which adenosine deaminase levels were increased 4,300-fold over the parent cell line. The enzyme was purified from these cells in large quantity and high yield by a simple two-step purification scheme. The enzyme derived from the B-1/50 cells was indistinguishable from that of the parental cells as judged by several biochemical criteria. The Km (30 microM) and Ki (4 nM) values using adenosine as substrate and 2'-deoxycoformycin as inhibitor, respectively, were identical for the enzyme derived from the parental cells as well as the adenosine deaminase gene amplification mutants. The enzyme from both cell types exhibited multiple isoelectric focusing forms which co-purified using our purification protocol. Electrophoretic analysis using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels showed that adenosine deaminase migrated with an apparent molecular weight of 41,000 or 36,000 depending on whether the enzyme was reduced or oxidized, respectively. This shift was reversible, indicating that proteolysis was not responsible for the faster migrating form. Monospecific antibodies raised against purified adenosine deaminase cross-reacted with the enzyme derived from the parental cells and precipitated 37% of the total soluble protein in the B-1/50 cells. Continued genetic selection resulted in the isolation of cells in which adenosine deaminase was overproduced by 11,400-fold and accounted for over 75% of the soluble protein. PMID- 3902814 TI - M13 procoat inserts into liposomes in the absence of other membrane proteins. AB - Procoat, the precursor form of the major coat protein of coliphage M13, assembles into the Escherichia coli inner membrane and is cleaved to mature coat protein by leader peptidase. This assembly process has previously been reconstituted using lipids and purified leader peptidase in a cell-free protein synthesis reaction (Watts, C., Silver, P., and Wickner, W. (1981) Cell 25, 347-353; Ohno-Iwashita, Y., and Wickner, W. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 1895-1900). We now report that procoat can also cross a liposomal membrane composed of only purified phospholipids; leader peptidase is not needed to catalyze insertion. When procoat is synthesized in vitro in the presence of liposomes with encapsulated chymotrypsin, the procoat inserts spontaneously through the membrane and is degraded. The protease was shown by several criteria to be in the lumen of the liposomes. These results demonstrate that the precursor form of an E. coli integral membrane protein can cross a membrane without the aid of leader peptidase or any other membrane proteins. PMID- 3902815 TI - Isolation of a new procollagen V chain from chick embryo tendon. AB - Whole tendons of chick embryos synthesize procollagens V which consist of three pro-alpha chains: pro-alpha 1'(V), pro-alpha 1(V) and pro-alpha 2(V). This report shows that while the pro-alpha 1'(V) chain is similar to the pro-alpha 1(V) chain in many respects, such as similar but not identical peptide maps, it also distinctly differs from it in size and in other ways. The new chain is denoted as pro-alpha 1' to indicate the relationship. We have failed to see conversion of one chain into the other and they are regarded as variants, although we do not know whether they are different transcripts of one gene or products of two closely related genes. The pro-alpha(V) chains are assembled into the disulfide linked homotrimer (pro-alpha 1'(V))3 and the heterotrimer [(pro-alpha 1'(V)S-S pro-alpha 2(V))pro-alpha 1(V)] and a smaller amount of [(pro-alpha 1(V)2pro-alpha 2(V)]. The pro-alpha 1'(V) chains are processed similarly to the pro-alpha 1(V) by the initial removal of the presumed carboxyl propeptide yielding p-alpha 1'(V) and then by reduction in the size of the noncollagenous, presumed amino propeptide to yield alpha 1'(V). A size difference between the alpha 1'(V) and alpha 1(V) series of molecules is demonstrated by velocity sedimentation and by electrophoretic mobility of the reduced molecules. This difference is ascribed to a difference in the size of the propeptides because after pepsin digestion the products of both series of molecules are the same size and electrophorese like alpha 1(V)(pepsin). The carboxyl propeptides of pro-alpha 1(V) and pro-alpha 1'(V) are the same size, but the amino propeptide of pro-alpha 1'(V) is smaller than that of pro-alpha 1(V). The amino propeptide of pro-alpha 1'(V) and p-alpha 1'(V) also lacks asparagine-linked complex carbohydrate, which is linked to propeptides of the p-alpha 1(V) and p-alpha 2(V) chains. Differences between the alpha 1(V) and alpha 1'(V) series of molecules remain in material synthesized in the presence of tunicamycin. Primary cultures of tendon cells synthesize procollagen V consisting of the above three chains, but the procollagen V made by cultured tendon sheath synovial cells predominantly contains [(pro-alpha 1(V))2pro-alpha 2(V)]. PMID- 3902816 TI - Growth factor-stimulated protein phosphorylation in 3T3-L1 cells. Evidence for protein kinase C-dependent and -independent pathways. AB - Exposure of serum-deprived 3T3-L1 fibroblasts to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), synthetic diacylglycerols, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), or pituitary fibroblast growth factor (FGF) resulted in stimulated phosphorylation of an acidic, multicomponent, soluble protein of Mr 80,000. Phosphorylation of this protein was promoted to a lesser extent by epidermal growth factor; however, neither insulin nor dibutyryl cAMP was effective. Phosphoamino acid analysis and peptide mapping of the Mr 80,000 32P-protein after exposure of fibroblasts to PDGF revealed identical patterns to those obtained with PMA or diacylglycerols. In contrast to the Mr 80,000 protein, proteins of Mr 22,000 (and pI 4.4) and Mr 31,000 were also phosphorylated in response to insulin as well as to PMA, diacylglycerols, epidermal growth factor, PDGF, and FGF in these cells. Similar findings were noted in fully differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Preincubation of the cells with high concentrations of active phorbol esters abolished specific [3H]phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate binding, protein kinase C activity, and immunoreactivity and also prevented stimulated phosphorylation of the Mr 80,000 protein by PMA, diacylglycerols, PDGF, or FGF, supporting the contention that this effect was mediated through protein kinase C. The stimulated phosphorylation of the Mr 22,000 and 31,000 proteins in response to PMA was also abolished by such pretreatment. In contrast, the ability of insulin, PDGF, and FGF to promote phosphorylation of the Mr 22,000 and 31,000 proteins was unaffected in the protein kinase C-deficient cells. We conclude that PDGF and FGF may exert some of their effects on these cells through at least two distinct pathways of protein phosphorylation, phorbol ester-like (P) activation of protein kinase C, and an insulin-like (I) pathway exemplified by phosphorylation of the Mr 22,000 and 31,000 proteins. PMID- 3902817 TI - Comparative properties of amplified external and internal invertase from the yeast SUC2 gene. AB - Saccharomyces cerevisiae external and internal invertases have been amplified by introducing the normal and modified SUC2 genes into yeast multicopy plasmids, which were then used to transform a yeast strain resistant to repression by glucose. Amino acid compositional analysis of these enzymes, in addition to end group sequencing, confirmed the DNA sequence data of Taussig and Carlson (Taussig, R., and Carlson, M. (1983) Nucleic Acids Res. 11, 1943-1954), indicating that both enzymes were encoded in the same gene. Comparison of the properties of carbohydrate-containing external invertase and its nonglycosylated internal form revealed that although the carbohydrate did not appear to influence the conformation of the peptide backbone, as determined by circular dichroism analyses, its presence considerably enhanced the ability of guanidine HCl denatured external invertase to be renatured relative to internal invertase. The Mr of the internal enzymes was found to be greatly dependent on pH with the enzyme being a monomer at pH 9.4, a dimer at pH 8.3, and an apparent octamer at pH 4.9. PMID- 3902819 TI - Degradative processing of internalized insulin in isolated adipocytes. AB - Based on the distribution of 125I-insulin between the cell surface and the cell interior, it was found that insulin rapidly binds (t 1/2 = 0.4 min) to surface receptors at 37 degrees C, and after an initial lag period of about 1 min, accumulates intracellularly until steady state is reached (t 1/2 = 3.5 min). At this time about 40% of the total cell-associated 125I-insulin resides in the cell interior reflecting a dynamic equilibrium between the rate of insulin endocytosis and the rate at which internalized insulin is processed and extruded from cells. Since this percentage decreased to 15% at 16 degrees C, it appears that internalization is more temperative-sensitive than the intracellular processing of insulin. When 125I-insulin was preloaded into the cell interior, it was found that internalized insulin was rapidly released to the medium at 37 degrees C (t 1/2 = 6.5 min) and consisted of both degraded products and intact insulin (as assessed by trichloroacetic acid precipitability and column chromatography). Since 75% of internalized insulin was ultimately degraded, and 25% was released intact, this indicates that degradation is the predominant pathway. To determine when incoming insulin enters a degradative compartment, cells were continually exposed to 125I-insulin and the composition of insulin in the cell interior over time was assessed. After 2 min all endocytosed insulin was intact, between 2-3 min degradation products began accumulating intracellularly, and by 15 min equilibrium was reached with 20% of internalized insulin consisting of degraded products. Degraded insulin was then released from the cell interior within 4-5 min after endocytotic uptake, since this was the earliest time chloroquine was found to inhibit the release of degradation products. Moreover, the final release of degraded insulin was not inhibitable by the energy depleter dinitrophenol. Thus, within the degradative pathway, insulin enters lysosomes by 2.5-3 min and is released to the medium by simple diffusion after an additional 1.5-2 min. PMID- 3902818 TI - Multiple gene-like sequences related to the rabbit hepatic progesterone 21 hydroxylase cytochrome P-450 1. AB - Rabbits exhibit phenotypic differences, 21H and 21L, in the rate of hepatic progesterone 21-hydroxylation that reflect 10-fold higher microsomal concentrations of cytochrome P-450 1 in 21H rabbits. A cDNA library in pBR322 was prepared from liver mRNA isolated from a 21H rabbit. A clone, p1-8, producing a hybrid protein resulting from the insertion of the cDNA into the beta-lactamase gene of the plasmid expressed 5 distinct epitopes that were recognized by a panel of monoclonal antibodies developed toward P-450 1. RNAs selected from total hepatic mRNA by filter hybridization with p1-8 yield at least two electrophoretically distinct proteins when translated in vitro and immunoprecipitated with the 3C3 monoclonal antibody. Only one of the two proteins is recognized by the 1F11 monoclonal antibody, which is highly specific for P-450 1, and the immunoprecipitated protein exhibits the electrophoretic mobility of P 450 1. The other protein remains unidentified. Northern blot analysis indicates that the 3' noncoding portion of p1-8 hybridizes to higher steady state concentrations of polyadenylated RNA in the 21H as compared to 21L rabbits. This correspondence in expression with that of P-450 1 in the 21H and 21L phenotypes further suggests that p1-8 encodes P-450 1 or a closely related protein. The cDNA is 1871 base pairs in length and encodes a protein of 487 amino acids. Southern blot analysis indicates that several independent, gene-like sequences hybridize with the 3' noncoding region of p1-8 under conditions of high stringency. These results indicate that P-450 1 is a member of an extensive multigene family. PMID- 3902820 TI - Heat-labile enterotoxin of Escherichia coli. Characterization of different crystal forms. AB - Heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) was obtained in large quantities (several-gram amounts) and great purity from Escherichia coli C600 carrying the LT-coding multicopy plasmid EWD299. By growing this strain on a medium that allows high cell densities in the early stationary phase, we increased the net LT production per milliliter by a factor of 200, compared to natural porcine enterotoxigenic E. coli. Adsorption and redesorption on Controlled-Pore Glass usually resulted in a 50-100-fold purification of LT in one simple step, which was followed by established purification procedures. LT shows a natural tendency to form large crystals, which, however, are disordered. After numerous trials, conditions were found which virtually eliminated the disorder. Much better crystals were obtained by employing CdCl2 and KF as coprecipitating agents. CdCl2 yielded crystals which did not contain A subunits as judged by electrophoresis of dissolved crystals. Adding KF results in beautifully shaped crystals which diffracted beyond 2 A and are suitable for a high resolution structure determination. PMID- 3902821 TI - Control of insulin gene expression in pancreatic beta-cells and in an insulin producing cell line, RIN-5F cells. II. Regulation of insulin mRNA stability. AB - The half-life of insulin mRNA at various glucose concentrations was determined by filter hybridization techniques in isolated rat islets incubated with 3H-labeled uridine followed by a chase incubation at 3.3 or 17 mM glucose. High glucose induced a greater stabilization of insulin mRNA than of other poly(A) + RNAs or total cellular RNA. In RIN-5F insulinoma cells, an insulin-producing cell line, cholera toxin, but not glucose, induced a stabilization of insulin mRNA. After 24 h of culture of islets with actinomycin D or alpha-amanitin at several glucose concentrations, insulin mRNA content was decreased in comparison to controls only at higher glucose concentrations. The biosynthesis of islet proteins other than insulin was strongly decreased by actinomycin D at all glucose concentrations. Insulin biosynthesis was inhibited proportionately to the observed decreases in insulin mRNA content. We conclude that inhibition of insulin mRNA degradation is an important component in increasing the insulin mRNA content in response to glucose, thereby augmenting the effects of glucose stimulation on insulin gene transcription (5). This stabilization may be partly mediated by cAMP as evidenced by the similar responses to cholera toxin in the RIN-5F cells. Furthermore, the results of experiments with actinomycin D suggest that the degradation of insulin mRNA may require the continuous production of a factor(s) which could be either RNA or protein in nature. PMID- 3902822 TI - alpha-Ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex of Escherichia coli. A hybrid complex containing pyruvate dehydrogenase subunits from pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. AB - The alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex of Escherichia coli utilizes pyruvate as a poor substrate, with an activity of 0.082 units/mg of protein compared with 22 units/mg of protein for alpha-ketoglutarate. Pyruvate fully reduces the FAD in the complex and both alpha-keto[5-14C]glutarate and [2 14C]pyruvate fully [14C] acylate the lipoyl groups with approximately 10 nmol of 14C/mg of protein, corresponding to 24 lipoyl groups. NADH-dependent succinylation by [4-14C]succinyl-CoA also labels the enzyme with approximately 10 nmol of 14C/mg of protein. Therefore, pyruvate is a true substrate. However, the pyruvate and alpha-ketoglutarate activities exhibit different thiamin pyrophosphate dependencies. Moreover, 3-fluoropyruvate inhibits the pyruvate activity of the complex without affecting the alpha-ketoglutarate activity, and 2 oxo-3-fluoroglutarate inhibits the alpha-ketoglutarate activity without affecting the pyruvate activity. 3-Fluoro[1,2-14C]pyruvate labels about 10% of the E1 components (alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenases). The dihydrolipoyl transsuccinylase dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase subcomplex (E2E3) is activated as a pyruvate dehydrogenase complex by addition of E. coli pyruvate dehydrogenase, the E1 component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. All evidence indicates that the alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex purified from E. coli is a hybrid complex containing pyruvate dehydrogenase (approximately 10%) and alpha ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (approximately 90%) as its E1 components. PMID- 3902823 TI - Absence of a carbohydrate modification does not affect the level or subcellular localization of three membrane glycoproteins in modB mutants of Dictyostelium discoideum. AB - The accumulation and localization of four developmentally regulated membrane glycoproteins were examined in a glycosylation mutant of the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum. As judged by immunoblot procedures using antipeptide antibodies, the levels of three of the glycoproteins, WGA80B, SP29A, and SP29B, were unaffected, but their apparent molecular masses were reduced by 14,000, 3,500 and 3,500 daltons, respectively. The level of the fourth glycoprotein, gp80, was reduced to below detectable limits. The reduced molecular sizes were apparently due to the absence of certain carbohydrate structures as judged by labeling Western blots with anti-carbohydrate antibodies and a lectin. Using immunofluorescence labeling of permeabilized and intact cells, the localization of WGA80B, SP29A, and SP29B, in intracellular vesicles and on the cell surface of prespore cells, was observed to be unaffected in the mutant cells. The developmentally regulated oligosaccharide structure(s) affected by the modB locus does not influence the subcellular localization and accumulation of these three glycoproteins in the prespore cells of this phylogenetically primitive organism. PMID- 3902824 TI - Elevation of the number of cell-surface insulin receptors and the rate of 2 deoxyglucose uptake by exposure of 3T3-L1 adipocytes to tolbutamide. AB - Sulfonylurea compounds are hypoglycemic agents which by unknown mechanisms alter the amount of insulin receptor and the rate of glucose utilization in tissues exposed to the drugs. In this study the effects on insulin binding and uptake of 2-deoxyglucose by 3T3-L1 adipocytes were assessed after maintaining cell monolayers for 1-3 days in medium containing different concentrations of the sulfonylurea, tolbutamide. The amount of 125I-insulin bound by treated monolayers gradually increased to values 150-250% of those of control monolayers after 2-3 days of exposure to 1.5 mM tolbutamide. Such increases in insulin binding capacity arose primarily from an increase in receptor number and not from an alteration in the affinity of the receptor for insulin. Concomitant with the changes observed for the insulin receptor, tolbutamide-treated monolayers expressed 1.5-2-fold higher rates of uptake of 2-deoxyglucose relative to control monolayers at concentrations of insulin between 0 and 10(-10) M. This study thus demonstrates the responsiveness of adipocytes to tolbutamide and also establishes the usefulness of 3T3-L1 cells as a model system in which to study the mechanism of tolbutamide action, both as it relates to the use of sulfonylurea compounds in clinical applications and as possible probes for perturbing and studying relatively uncharacterized regulatory pathways controlling receptor level and biological responses to insulin. PMID- 3902825 TI - The effects of cycloheximide and chloroquine on insulin receptor metabolism. Differential effects on receptor recycling and inactivation and insulin degradation. AB - The effects of protein synthesis inhibitors and the lysosomotropic agent chloroquine on the metabolism of the insulin receptor were examined. Through the use of the heavy-isotope density shift technique, cycloheximide was found to inhibit both the synthesis of new insulin receptor and the inactivation of old cellular insulin receptor. Upon investigation of the locus of this effect of protein synthesis inhibition, it was found that cycloheximide did not inhibit 1) the translocation of receptor from the cell surface to an intracellular site, 2) the recycling of receptor from the internal site back to the plasma membrane, nor 3) the degradation of insulin. Cycloheximide did, however, rapidly and completely inhibit the inactivation of the insulin receptor. In the presence of extracellular insulin, this effect of cycloheximide resulted in the long-term (6 h) accumulation of receptor in a trypsin-resistant intracellular compartment. Puromycin and pactamycin, protein synthesis inhibitors with mechanisms of action which differ from cycloheximide, produced the same effects on insulin receptor metabolism as cycloheximide, indicating that this effect on receptor metabolism is due to the inhibition of protein synthesis and not a secondary effect of cycloheximide. Actinomycin D also inhibited the inactivation of receptor. Chloroquine inhibited the receptor-mediated degradation of insulin, but had no effect on either the internalization or inactivation of the insulin receptor. The insulin-induced recycling of the internalized receptor was inhibited by chloroquine, possibly through the inhibition of the discharge of insulin from the insulin-receptor complex. From these observations, we suggest that 1) a protein factor is required to inactivate the insulin receptor, 2) this protein and the messenger RNA coding for the protein have short cellular half-lives, and 3) insulin degradation and insulin receptor inactivation are distinct, separable processes which not only occur at different rates, but possibly occur in distinct subcellular locations. PMID- 3902826 TI - A multicomponent mitochondrial RNA polymerase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - Using a whole cell extract from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (bakers' yeast) we have been able to detect a selective RNA polymerase activity originally identified in purified yeast mitochondria (Levens, D., Morimoto, R., and Rabinowitz, M. (1981) J. Biol. Chem. 256, 1466-1473). We have shown that in in vitro transcription reactions this activity recognizes a consensus mitochondrial promoter sequence ATA-TAAGTA (Osinga, K. A., DeHaan, M., Christianson, T., and Tabak, H. F. (1982) Nucleic Acids Res. 10, 7993-8006) in the upstream region of the nuclear GAL10 gene as well as promoters from yeast mitochondrial DNA. Using these promoter containing templates for in vitro assays, we have chromatographically separated the mitochondrial specific RNA polymerase activity from the three nuclear RNA polymerases (I, II, and III). Further characterization has revealed that this preparation has distinctive properties on two different types of DNA templates, poly[d(AT)] and cloned DNA containing mitochondrial promoters. Salt and divalent cation optima and substrate saturation kinetics are different for the two types of templates. Using promoter-containing DNA as an assay template, we have chromatographically dissociated the RNA polymerase activity into two nonfunctional components. Selective transcription of the GAL10 template is restored when the two components are recombined. It is possible that the RNA polymerase active on poly[d(AT)] is a nonspecific component of the selective transcription apparatus or that two distinct RNA polymerases are present in the preparation. PMID- 3902827 TI - Immunochemical analysis of the supramolecular structure of myosin in contractile cytoskeletons of Dictyostelium amoebae. AB - A collection of monoclonal antibodies against Dictyostelium myosin was screened to identify an antibody that could distinguish monomeric from polymeric myosin. An antibody was found that reacted only with monomeric myosin, provided that the antigen-antibody reaction was carried out in solution. This antibody was used in competition radioimmunoassays to probe the supramolecular structure of myosin in Triton-extracted cell models, or cytoskeletons, of Dictyostelium amoebae. The competition assay showed that, as isolated, cytoskeletal myosin was entirely filamentous, but could be converted to monomeric form by increasing the ionic strength of the surrounding buffer. As monomer, it remained associated with the cytoskeleton and could be cycled back to filament form by a second change of buffer. The ability of cytoskeletons to carry out ATP-dependent contraction was examined as a function of the assembly state of myosin. The results suggested that filamentous myosin is responsible for contraction of the cortical filament matrix. PMID- 3902828 TI - Purification and characterization of a neurite outgrowth factor from chicken gizzard smooth muscle. AB - Chicken gizzard extract contains a macromolecular glycoprotein that promotes neurite outgrowth of dissociated neurons from the ciliary ganglia of chick embryos. Using conventional purification procedures, the factor responsible for the neurite outgrowth (neurite outgrowth factor (NOF)) was purified about 2000 fold to an apparent single protein band (as judged by agarose-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis). Twenty fmol/cm2 of the purified NOF bound to the culture well was sufficient to exert maximal neuritic response of cultured ciliary ganglia neurons from 8-day-old chick embryos. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis revealed that NOF migrated as a single polypeptide of 700 and 210 kDa under nonreducing and reducing conditions, respectively. NOF stained with periodic acid-Schiff reagent and had a sedimentation coefficient of 12 s, a Stokes radius of 114 A, and an isoelectric point of about 5.1. Gizzard NOF was trypsin-sensitive, but resistant to treatment with heparinase, beta galactosidase, and neuraminidase. Antibody prepared against the purified NOF blocked NOF activity in a dose-dependent manner. The antibody did not inhibit the biological activity of mouse laminin, although it cross-reacted weakly with laminin. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the antibody against NOF strongly stained the extracellular matrix of cells in thin sections of gizzard, skeletal muscle, heart, liver, and ciliary ganglion, and also the membrane and the cytoplasm of cultured gizzard muscle cells. The present data suggest that gizzard NOF is a novel extracellular matrix glycoprotein which has a role in neurite outgrowth promotion from peripheral neurons in vivo. Although unlikely, the possibility that the NOF is a chick laminin could not be excluded. PMID- 3902829 TI - The self-association of human apolipoprotein A-IV. Evidence for an in vivo circulating dimeric form. AB - We have investigated the self-association properties of human apolipoprotein A-IV using several complementary physical techniques. Sedimentation equilibrium analysis demonstrated that human apolipoprotein A-IV formed oligomeric species in aqueous solution at physiologic pH. Computer analysis established that the best model of self-association is a monomer-dimer-tetramer scheme, with an unusually large monomer-dimer association constant of 2.9 X 10(5) liters/mol. Fluorescence spectroscopy and electrophoretic analysis demonstrated that the rate of monomer oligomer interconversion is sufficiently slow that a stable population of dimeric protein exists in solution, even at low total protein concentrations, and that the extent of dimerization is minimally influenced by pH. Moreover, these techniques established that the dissociation of oligomeric forms and the unfolding of the monomeric form are discrete and sequential events. In experiments where apolipoprotein A-IV was incubated with human high density lipoproteins, fractionated by gradient gel electrophoresis, and localized by immunoblotting, dimer formation occurred, but very little binding to lipoproteins was observed. Immunoblots of human serum fractionated on acrylamide gradient gels and isopycnic density gradients demonstrated an apolipoprotein A-IV band of size and density consistent with a circulating dimeric form, unassociated with lipid. We conclude that human apolipoprotein A-IV undergoes high affinity self association in aqueous solutions, and that such self-association likely occurs in vivo. Self-association may thus be important in determining the biologic behavior of human apolipoprotein A-IV by influencing both the kinetics and distribution of its association with plasma lipoproteins. PMID- 3902830 TI - Characterization of the alpha-peptide released upon protease activation of pyruvate oxidase. AB - The pyruvate oxidase of Escherichia coli is a homo-tetrameric enzyme which can be activated greater than 500-fold (kcat/Km) by limited proteolytic digestion with alpha-chymotrypsin in the presence of pyruvate and thiamine pyrophosphate. The cleavage produces an Mr 2000 peptide (the alpha-peptide) from each subunit and mimics the physiologically important activation of the enzyme by phospholipids. Moreover, the proteolytic cleavage results in the loss of the high affinity lipid binding site of the enzyme. We now report the isolation and characterization of the alpha-peptide fragment which is cleaved from the carboxyl terminus of each subunit by protease activation. Both the site of cleavage and the sequence of the alpha-peptide have been determined by a combination of Edman degradation of the purified peptide and DNA sequence analysis of the gene encoding the oxidase. The cleavage site lies within a sequence of hydrophobic amino acids predicted to form a beta-sheet. Another segment of the alpha-peptide is predicted to form an amphipathic alpha-helix. Quantitative assessment of the amphipathic nature of this alpha-helix (Eisenberg, D. (1984) Annu. Rev. Biochem. 53, 595-623) gives a value very similar to the values for several helical peptides which spontaneously bind to the surface of phospholipid vesicles. From these analyses, we propose that the alpha-peptide may play a role in binding pyruvate oxidase to cell membrane phospholipids in vivo. PMID- 3902831 TI - Myosin subunit interactions. Localization of the alkali light chains. AB - Myosin homodimers, molecules containing either the A1 or the A2 light chain, do not exchange their light chains under conditions approximating physiological temperature and ionic strength. Myosin heterodimers, molecules containing both A1 and A2 light chains, are therefore formed at the time of synthesis rather than by a labile subunit exchange. Antibodies specific for the amino-terminal region of the alkali light chains were used to localize these subunits in myosin by immunoelectron microscopy. The close proximity of the alkali light chain to the 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) light chain in the "neck" region of the myosin head is consistent with the finding that the 5,5'-dithiobis-(2 nitrobenzoic acid) light chain influences subunit interactions between the alkali light chain and heavy chain in vertebrate skeletal muscle myosin. PMID- 3902832 TI - Yeast metallothionein. Sequence and metal-binding properties. AB - The protein product of the CUP1 locus in Cu-resistant Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been purified and characterized. The protein was found to lack the first 8 amino acids predicted by the nucleotide sequence of the gene. The residues removed from the amino-terminal region include 5 hydrophobic residues, two of which are aromatic. The unique amino terminus starting at Gln9 of the putative DNA translation product was observed for metallothionein purified in the presence of various protease inhibitors or from a pep4 mutant yeast strain deficient in vacuolar proteases. The remainder of the primary structure of the protein is equivalent to the decoded DNA sequence, so yeast metallothionein is a 53-residue polypeptide of molecular weight 5655. The isolated protein contained 8 copper ions ligated by 12 cysteines/molecule. Reconstitution studies of the apo-molecule revealed that 8 mol eq of Cu(I) conferred maximal stability against proteolysis and depleted the zinc content of zinc-saturated metallothionein. These assays suggested that the protein has 8 binding sites for Cu(I). Ag(I) ions bound to the protein with the same stoichiometry. Yeast metallothionein was also observed to coordinate Cd(II) and Zn(II) ions in vitro. In studies of direct binding, protection against proteolysis, and metal ion exchange, these divalent ions were found to associate with the protein with a maximal stoichiometry of 4 ions/molecule. Yeast metallothionein thus exhibits two distinct binding configurations for Cu(I) and Cd(II) as does the mammalian protein. PMID- 3902833 TI - Adrenal cortex mitochondrial enzyme with ATP-dependent protease and protein dependent ATPase activities. Purification and properties. AB - We have purified an ATP-dependent protease with protein-dependent ATPase activity from bovine adrenal cortex mitochondria to near homogeneity. The subunit molecular weight is 108,000 and the enzyme appears to be a hexamer with approximately identical subunits. Based on the experiments using various nucleoside triphosphates and their related compounds, it is concluded that hydrolysis of the high-energy bond in nucleoside triphosphates is not an absolute requirement for proteolysis. Nucleotide specificity of this enzyme varies, depending on the protein or peptide substrates used. When casein was the substrate, ATP and dATP were quite effective, but other nucleotides were not. When insulin and angiotensinogen were used as substrate, ATP, other nucleoside triphosphates, ADP, inorganic triphosphate, pyrophosphate, and phosphate were effective. One of the cleaving linkages hydrolyzed by this enzyme was revealed to be the Leu-Leu bond of angiotensinogen. However, the specificity appears to be broad in view of the hydrolysis pattern of glucagon. PMID- 3902835 TI - Anomeric specificity of glucose metabolism in the pentose cycle. AB - The production of 3H2O from alpha- and beta-D-[5-3H]glucose and that of 14CO2 from either alpha- and beta-D-[1-14C] or alpha- and beta-D-[6-14C]glucose were measured in rat pancreatic islets and tumoral insulin-producing cells incubated at 7 degrees C. The ratio in 14CO2 output from D-[1-14C]glucose/D-[6-14C]glucose, the fraction of glucose metabolism occurring through the pentose cycle, and the flow rate through such a cycle were always higher in the presence of beta- than alpha-D-glucose. This indicates that the anomeric specificity of glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase is operative in intact islet cells. PMID- 3902834 TI - Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex of Escherichia coli. Thiamin pyrophosphate and NADH-dependent hydrolysis of acetyl-CoA. AB - When the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex of Escherichia coli is reduced by NADH and alkylated by N-[14C]ethylmaleimide, 19-20 nmol of N-[14C]ethylmaleimide are bound per mg of complex. This is in accord with the presence of 10 nmol of functional lipoyl moieties per mg of complex as previously reported. Thus the lipoyl groups are all coupled via dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase (E3) to reduction by NADH. As previously reported, the complex reductively acetylated by pyruvate and containing 10 nmol of acetyldihydrolipoyl groups per mg of complex produces about 5 nmol of NADH/mg of complex when challenged with CoA and NAD+ in a fast burst. Under anaerobic conditions a slow secondary process extending over 1 h produces another 5 nmol of NADH/mg of complex. The relationship between the two classes of acetyldihydrolipoyl groups is unknown but could reflect either intrinsic structural inequivalence of lipoyl groups (2/subunit of dihydrolipoyl transacetylase, E2). Alternatively, the acetyldihydrolipoyl groups may undergo reversible isomerization to structurally distinct forms. The purified complex catalyzes the cleavage of acetyl-CoA by two processes. The trace contaminant phosphotransacetylase catalyzes cleavage by phosphate to acetyl-P. The complex itself catalyzes hydrolysis of acetyl-CoA in a reaction that requires all three enzymes, NADH, thiamin pyrophosphate, and the lipoyl groups of E2. The hydrolytic pathway evidently involves overall reversal of the reaction, leading ultimately to the formation of acetyl-thiamin pyrophosphate, which undergoes hydrolysis to acetate. PMID- 3902837 TI - Nickel controls the reversible anaerobic activation/inactivation of the Desulfovibrio gigas hydrogenase by the redox potential. AB - An electrochemical method of hydrogenase activity measurement is developed. It permits a new approach to the activation/inactivation process of the Desulfovibrio gigas hydrogenase. A monolayer of hydrogenase is grafted onto a glassy carbon electrode which is both the support of the enzyme and the detector of the activity. The physicochemical composition of the enzyme microenvironment is thus well defined and easily controlled by the electrode potential. Successive periods of inactivation and activation are applied to the same hydrogenase molecules, thus the activity can be correlated to the chronology of the experiments. We distinguish two kinds of activation/inactivation processes. The first one, already described for the enzyme stored for some months in aerobic conditions, is a slow activation by molecular hydrogen or a reducing medium (half reaction time = 2 h). The second one is an anaerobic inactivation by an oxidizing potential. This first order inactivation (half-reaction time = 10 min) is fully reversible. This modulation of the activity level is controlled by an Ni(III)/Ni(II) redox couple (Eh = -455 mV/calomel-saturated KCl electrode at pH 8.3) involving one electron and one proton. This work proposes an explanation for the activation of the hydrogenase taking into account the participation of an [Fe S] cluster and of the nickel atom. PMID- 3902836 TI - Differential inhibition of tryptophan synthase and of tryptophanase by the two diastereoisomers of 2,3-dihydro-L-tryptophan. Implications for the stereochemistry of the reaction intermediates. AB - Oxindolyl-L-alanine and 2,3-dihydro-L-tryptophan, which are analogs of a proposed reaction intermediate, are potent competitive inhibitors of both tryptophanase and the alpha 2 beta 2 complex of tryptophan synthase (Phillips, R. S., Miles, E. W., and Cohen, L. A. (1984) Biochemistry 23, 6228-6234). Since these inhibitors can exist in two diastereoisomeric forms, which we expected to differ in inhibitory potency, we have separated the diastereoisomers of 2,3-dihydro-L tryptophan by preparative high performance liquid chromatography. These diastereoisomers were designated "A" and "B" in order of elution from the high performance liquid chromatography column. Diastereoisomer B is a potent competitive inhibitor of the alpha 2 beta 2 complex of tryptophan synthase with KI = 6 microM at pH 7.8 and 25 degrees C. In contrast, diastereoisomer A is a weak competitive inhibitor, with KI = 940 microM under these conditions. With tryptophanase, the situation is reversed; diastereoisomer A is a potent slow binding competitive inhibitor of tryptophanase with KI = 2 microM at pH 8.0 and 25 degrees C, while diastereoisomer B is much weaker with KI = 1600 microM under these conditions. These results not only provide additional support for the proposal that the indolenine tautomer of tryptophan is an intermediate in the reactions catalyzed by both enzymes but also suggest that these enzymes catalyze their respective reactions via enantiomeric indolenine intermediates. PMID- 3902838 TI - Superproduction and rapid purification of Escherichia coli aspartate transcarbamylase and its catalytic subunit under extreme derepression of the pyrimidine pathway. AB - A strain of Escherichia coli has been constructed which greatly overproduces the enzyme aspartate transcarbamylase. This strain has a deletion in the pyrB region of the chromosome and also carries a leaky mutation in pyrF. Although this strain is a pyrimidine auxotroph, it will grow very slowly without pyrimidines if a plasmid containing the pyrB gene is introduced into it. Derepression occurs when this strain exhausts its uracil supply during exponential growth. Under extreme derepression, aspartate transcarbamylase can account for as much as 60% of the total cellular protein. This host strain/plasmid system can be utilized for the rapid purification of wild-type aspartate transcarbamylase or plasmid-born mutant versions of the enzyme. This system is particularly well-suited for analysis of the latter since the control of overproduction resides exclusively on the bacterial chromosome. Therefore, any plasmid bearing the pyrBI operon can be made to overproduce aspartate transcarbamylase in this host strain. Based on this system, a rapid purification procedure has been developed for E. coli aspartate transcarbamylase. The purification scheme involves an ammonium sulfate fractionation followed by a single precipitation of the enzyme at its isoelectric point. In a similar fashion, this strain can also be employed to produce exclusively the catalytic subunit of the enzyme if the plasmid only carries the pyrB gene. This system may be adapted to overproduce other proteins as well by using this host strain and the strong pyrB promoter linked to another gene. PMID- 3902839 TI - Low density lipoprotein degradation by rat mast cells. Demonstration of extracellular proteolysis caused by mast cell granules. AB - The interaction between rat serosal mast cells and low density lipoproteins (LDL) was studied in vitro. When rat 125I-LDL was incubated with mast cells, it was bound to a binding site on the mast cell surface but was not internalized by the cells. Even though 125I-LDL was not internalized, its protein component, apolipoprotein B, was rapidly degraded. The proteolytic activity responsible for the degradation of apolipoprotein B was present in the extracellular fluid of mast cells. It could be shown that the degradation was caused entirely by specific cell organelles of mast cells, the granules, which were spontaneously released into the extracellular fluid during preparation and incubation of the cells. In contrast to uncontrolled spontaneous degranulation, a controlled specific degranulation of mast cells can be induced by treating the cells with the compound 48/80. When increasing amounts of 48/80 were added to mast cell suspensions, a dose-dependent release of granules was observed and an increase in the rate of 125I-LDL degradation resulted. The increase in 125I-LDL degradation closely followed the increase in granule release. Thus, a quantitative relationship between the amount of granules present in the extracellular fluid and the amount of degradation of 125I-LDL could be established. The apolipoprotein part of LDL was extensively degraded by isolated mast cell granules. Analysis by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that upon incubation of LDL with isolated granules, the apolipoprotein B band rapidly disappeared with simultaneous appearance of several low molecular weight bands. The degradation of 125I-LDL by mast cell granules proceeded optimally at neutral pH and at physiological ionic strength. The results show that mast cell granules are able to efficiently degrade LDL in vitro, once released from mast cells into the extracellular fluid. PMID- 3902840 TI - Post-translational export of maltose-binding protein in Escherichia coli strains harboring malE signal sequence mutations and either prl+ or prl suppressor alleles. AB - We have studied the export kinetics of the maltose-binding protein (MBP) of Escherichia coli, the malE gene product, when it is synthesized with either a wildtype signal sequence or with a mutationally altered signal sequence that affects the efficiency of secretion to the periplasm. Our results confirm a very rapid export process for the wild-type protein and, in contrast, reveal a relatively slow post-translational mode of export for the altered precursor species. For each different signal sequence mutant, a fraction of the precursor MBP pool that is proportional to the strength of the export defect appears to never exit the cytoplasm. We have also analyzed MBP export in strains harboring prl mutations that suppress malE signal sequence mutations and are thought to somehow alter the specificity of the cell's protein export machinery. The introduction of different prl alleles has no apparent effect on wild-type MBP export but increases both the amount of mutant MBP that is exported and the rate at which this is accomplished. In fact, the presence of two different prl alleles in the same strain can act synergistically in suppressing MBP export defects. The inhibition of total protein synthesis with chloramphenicol can also increase the proportion of pMBP that is post-translationally exported in these strains. A model that describes the initial steps in MBP export is presented. PMID- 3902841 TI - Replacement by site-directed mutagenesis indicates a role for histidine 170 in the glutamine amide transfer function of anthranilate synthase. AB - Anthranilate synthase is a glutamine amidotransferase that catalyzes the first reaction in tryptophan biosynthesis. Conserved amino acid residues likely to be essential for glutamine-dependent activity were identified by alignment of the glutamine amide transfer domains in four different enzymes: anthranilate synthase component II (AS II), p-aminobenzoate synthase component II, GMP synthetase, and carbamoyl-P synthetase. Conserved amino acids were mainly localized in three clusters. A single conserved histidine, AS II His-170, was replaced by tyrosine using site-directed mutagenesis. Glutamine-dependent enzyme activity was undetectable in the Tyr-170 mutant, whereas the NH3-dependent activity was unchanged. Affinity labeling of AS II active site Cys-84 by 6-diazo-5 oxonorleucine was used to distinguish whether His-170 has a role in formation or in breakdown of the covalent glutaminyl-Cys-84 intermediate. The data favor the interpretation that His-170 functions as a general base to promote glutaminylation of Cys-84. Reversion analysis was consistent with a proposed role of His-170 in catalysis as opposed to a structural function. These experiments demonstrate the application of combining sequence analyses to identify conserved, possibly functional amino acids, site-directed mutagenesis to replace candidate amino acids, and protein chemistry for analysis of mutationally altered proteins, a regimen that can provide new insights into enzyme function. PMID- 3902842 TI - Use of a monoclonal antibody for quantitation of rabies vaccine glycoprotein by enzyme immunoassay. AB - The use of a monoclonal antibody specific for the envelope glycoprotein of rabies virus has been used in a direct enzyme immunoassay to quantify the glycoprotein content of rabies vaccines produced in two kinds of cell culture. The results of this direct enzyme immunoassay are well correlated with the in vivo NIH potency test. This test may be a useful tool to rapidly and accurately control the antigenic value of a vaccine. It could also be used for the "in process' control of vaccine production before deciding whether a vaccine batch may reasonably be subjected to the NIH potency test. PMID- 3902843 TI - The utility of the macrophage migration inhibition test for in vitro titration of tuberculins. AB - The purpose of this study was to explore the fundamental principle of the potency estimation of tuberculins, as applied in vitro by the macrophage migration inhibition test (MIT) under agarose. The MIT was performed using specifically sensitized mouse and guinea-pig peritoneal macrophages and serial dilutions of the analogous PPD (purified protein derivatives of tuberculin) tuberculins as antigen. Statistical studies performed included (a) the standard deviation of the mean migration areas, (b) the analysis of variance, (c) the regression analysis, (d) its corresponding linearity test and (e) the determination of the related correlation coefficient. It was shown for the first time and in both animal species under study that there is correspondence between the log dose-response relationship of the tuberculin PPD in MIT under agarose and the well known in tuberculin cutaneous reaction. The MIT may therefore successfully replace the in vivo titration of tuberculins. PMID- 3902844 TI - A study of implant failure in the Wagner resurfacing arthroplasty. AB - Using clinical, radiographic, and pathological data, we investigated eighteen cases of early aseptic failure of an implant in patients who had undergone reconstruction of the hip with a Wagner resurfacing prosthesis. Sixteen patients required revision for loosening of the acetabular component, with eight of them also demonstrating loosening of the femoral component. One patient had loosening of the femoral component without failure of the acetabular component, and one patient sustained a femoral neck fracture that was associated with osteonecrosis. Six of the patients with loosening of the acetabular component had an associated significant loss of acetabular bone stock. Loosening was associated with the development of a membrane at the bone-cement interface in all patients. Histological examination of the membrane demonstrated a marked foreign-body response to wear products from the arthroplasty. Bone resorption appeared active at the bone-membrane interface. We concluded that the acetabular component of the Wagner prosthesis is prone to early loosening and that the early loosening is potentiated by a foreign-body response to debris resulting from arthroplastic wear. PMID- 3902845 TI - Infection about the spine associated with low-velocity-missile injury to the abdomen. AB - We reviewed the cases of twenty patients who had a fracture or disruption of the disc space of a lower thoracic or lumbar vertebra that was associated with a low velocity-missile wound to the abdomen. All of the patients underwent an exploratory laparotomy at the time of admission and all received broad-spectrum antibiotics for a minimum of two days. None of the patients had an immediate laminectomy or an immediate debridement of the paraspinal area. In eight patients the gastrointestinal tract was not perforated, and none of them had evidence of infection. In four patients the stomach and small bowel were perforated by the bullet before it struck the vertebral column, and none of them had meningitis, paraspinal infection, or osteomyelitis. In contrast, meningitis, paraspinal infection, or osteomyelitis did develop in seven of eight patients in whom the bullet perforated the colon before it hit the vertebra. Perforation of the colon by a low-velocity missile before the missile fractured the thoracic or lumbar vertebra was associated with a high incidence of infection. The appropriate management may require early operative intervention. This is in contrast to the non-operative approach that has been advocated for low-velocity gunshot wounds to the spine. We agree that a non-operative approach is indicated for gunshot wounds of the abdomen that do not involve the colon. PMID- 3902846 TI - The influence of skeletal implants on incidence of infection. Experiments in a canine model. AB - We have performed experiments in 187 dogs in order to evaluate the effect of commonly used implant materials on rate of infection. We opened the femoral canal with a hand drill and awl, instilled a suspension of bacteria, and then inserted one of the implants. The implants--stainless-steel and cobalt-chromium alloys, high-density polyethylene, prepolymerized polymethylmethacrylate, and polymethylmethacrylate polymerized in vivo--were compared with no implant (control). The effect of the different implants on the incidence of infection with Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli was compared by determining the number of bacteria required to produce infection in 50 per cent of the femora. All of the implants were significantly more likely than the controls to be associated with infection with Staphylococcus aureus. Polymethylmethacrylate polymerized in vivo was found to be significantly more likely than all other implants to be associated with infection with Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis. In addition to evaluating all specimens bacteriologically, we carried out a histological evaluation, and found that infection was highly correlated with an increased inflammatory response for all three bacteria. However, even with this highly statistically significant correlation, the correlation was not absolute; when only limited portions of randomly selected specimens of tissue were examined, the correlation was reduced. PMID- 3902847 TI - Iliac autograft for reconstruction of severely depressed fracture of a lateral tibial plateau. Brief note. PMID- 3902849 TI - Paraplegia due to aspergillosis. Successful conservative treatment of two cases. AB - Aspergillus infection of the spine is rare; for it to lead to paraplegia is still more rare. When this does occur it is usually treated by decompression and antifungal agents, but the results have usually been poor. We report two cases of successful conservative treatment of Aspergillus paraplegia in patients with chronic granulomatous disease. PMID- 3902848 TI - Trans-oral approach to the upper cervical spine. A report of 16 cases. AB - We report 16 cases in which the upper cervical spine was approached through the mouth for operative decompression and stabilisation, with or without removal of diseased tissues. The indications are discussed and the technique is described. Results are compared with those of other reported series. We believe that this operation has a place in the treatment of certain conditions affecting the upper part of the cervical spine and the foramen magnum, with or without involvement of the medulla and spinal cord. PMID- 3902850 TI - Cortical bone grafts with muscle pedicles. An experimental study of survival and ability to bridge a bone gap. AB - A cortical bone graft on a muscle pedicle was taken from the ulna and transferred to bridge a complete defect of the radius in 16 dogs. In 14 control dogs a free graft was used, that is, one without a muscle pedicle. Union in the group with pedicle grafts was far superior to that in the group with free grafts, mainly because in those with pedicle grafts there was good subperiosteal new bone formation from active viable periosteum. In six of the pedicle grafts the viability of some osteocytes was retained over a 12-week period and in five the graft was almost completely replaced by new bone. PMID- 3902851 TI - Collagen and fibronectin in a healing skeletal muscle injury. An immunohistological study of the effects of physical activity on the repair of injured gastrocnemius muscle in the rat. AB - The presence of the connective tissue components fibronectin and the different types of collagen was demonstrated by histological and immunohistological methods in the granulation and scar tissue of a healing injury in rat muscle. The effects of physical activity on granulation tissue production, scar formation and muscle regeneration at various stages of healing were studied. It was shown that immobilisation after injury accelerates granulation tissue production, but if continued too long, leads to contraction of the scar and to poor structural organisation of the components of regenerating muscle and scar tissue. However, a certain period of immobilisation, about five days for rat muscle, is required to allow newly-formed granulation tissue to cover the injured area and to have sufficient tensile strength to withstand subsequent mobilisation. This mobilisation, at the correct interval, seems essential for the quicker resorption of scar tissue and the better structural organisation of the muscle. PMID- 3902852 TI - Slow and fast myosin heavy chain content defines three types of myotubes in early muscle cell cultures. AB - We prepared monoclonal antibodies specific for fast or slow classes of myosin heavy chain isoforms in the chicken and used them to probe myosin expression in cultures of myotubes derived from embryonic chicken myoblasts. Myosin heavy chain expression was assayed by gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting of extracted myosin and by immunostaining of cultures of myotubes. Myotubes that formed from embryonic day 5-6 pectoral myoblasts synthesized both a fast and a slow class of myosin heavy chain, which were electrophoretically and immunologically distinct, but only the fast class of myosin heavy chain was synthesized by myotubes that formed in cultures of embryonic day 8 or older myoblasts. Furthermore, three types of myotubes formed in cultures of embryonic day 5-6 myoblasts: one that contained only a fast myosin heavy chain, a second that contained only a slow myosin heavy chain, and a third that contained both a fast and a slow heavy chain. Myotubes that formed in cultures of embryonic day 8 or older myoblasts, however, were of a single type that synthesized only a fast class of myosin heavy chain. Regardless of whether myoblasts from embryonic day 6 pectoral muscle were cultured alone or mixed with an equal number of myoblasts from embryonic day 12 muscle, the number of myotubes that formed and contained a slow class of myosin was the same. These results demonstrate that the slow class of myosin heavy chain can be synthesized by myotubes formed in cell culture, and that three types of myotubes form in culture from pectoral muscle myoblasts that are isolated early in development, but only one type of myotube forms from older myoblasts; and they suggest that muscle fiber formation probably depends upon different populations of myoblasts that co-exist and remain distinct during myogenesis. PMID- 3902853 TI - Rapid disappearance of statin, a nonproliferating and senescent cell-specific protein, upon reentering the process of cell cycling. AB - Statin, a 57,000-D protein characteristically found in nonreplicating cells, was identified by a monoclonal antibody produced by hybridomas established from mice injected with extracts of in vitro aged human fibroblasts (Wang, E., 1985, J. Cell Biol., 100:545-551). Fluorescence staining with the antibody shows that the expression of statin disappears upon reinitiation of the process for cell replication. The rapid de-expression is observed in fibroblasts involved in the in vitro wound-healing process, as well as in cells that have been subcultured after trypsinization and replated from a confluent culture. Kinetic analysis shows that 50% of the cell population lose their statin expression at 12 h after replating, before the actual events of mitosis. Immunogold labeling with highly purified antibodies localizes the protein at the nuclear envelope in nonreplicating cells, but not in their replicating counterparts. Immunoblotting analysis confirms the disappearance of statin in cells that have reentered the cycling process. Using the technique of flow cytometry to examine the large number of nonreplicating fibroblasts in confluent cultures, we have found that statin is mostly expressed in those cells showing the least amount of DNA content, whose growth is blocked at the G0/G1 stage of the cell cycle. This close correlation is rapidly altered once the cells are released from the confluent state. These results suggest that the expression of statin may be regulated by a fine mechanism controlling the transition from the nonreplicating to the replicating state, and that the protein is structurally associated with the nuclear envelope. PMID- 3902854 TI - Autoregulation of tubulin synthesis in hepatocytes and fibroblasts. AB - Microtubule polymer levels in mouse 3T6 fibroblasts and primary cultures of rat hepatocytes can be manipulated by treatment of cells with long term, low doses of colcemid. Such treatment produces a rather uniform population of cells with microtubules of reduced lengths. Using this system, we demonstrate (a) that the rate of tubulin synthesis is sensitive to small changes (10%) in microtubule polymer mass and (b) that the percent of inhibition of synthesis is proportional to the level of soluble tubulin. Experiments with hepatocytes indicate that not only synthesis but the stability of tubulin protein was also regulated to maintain a specific level of tubulin. Treatment of hepatocytes with colcemid or other microtubule-depolymerizing drugs reduced the half-life of tubulin from 50 to 2 h, whereas taxol, which stabilizes microtubules, increased the half-life. To assess the consequences of altering microtubule polymer mass, we have analyzed the effect of controlled depolymerization of microtubules in rat hepatocytes on the processing of endocytosed ligands and found it sensitive to small changes in microtubule polymer levels. PMID- 3902855 TI - Localization of cell surface glycoproteins in membrane domains associated with the underlying filament network. AB - To visualize the localization of cell surface constituents in relation to the plasma membrane-associated filament network, we developed a method based on a combination of immunogold labeling and dry-cleaving. For labeling we used trinitrophenyl-derivatized ligand, anti-TNP antibodies, and protein A-coated colloidal gold. Dry-cleaving (Mesland, D. A. M., H. Spiele, and E. Roos, 1981, Exp. Cell Res., 132: 169-184) involves cleavage of lightly fixed critical point dried cells by means of adhesive tape. Since cells cleave close to the cell surface, the remaining layer is thin enough to be examined in transmission electron microscopy. Using this method, we studied concanavalin A-binding constituents on the medium-facing surface of H35 hepatoma cells. The distribution of the gold particles, which was partly dispersed and partly patchy, coincided strikingly with membrane-associated filaments, and label was virtually absent from areas overlying openings in the filament network. In stereo pairs we observed the label to be localized to areas of somewhat enhanced electron density at the plane of the membrane. These areas were interconnected in a pattern congruent with the filament network. Preliminary observations on wheat germ agglutinin receptors on the hepatoma cells as well as concanavalin A receptors on isolated hepatocytes yielded comparable results. It thus appears that surface glycoproteins, although seemingly randomly distributed as observed in thin sections, may actually be localized to particular membrane domains associated with underlying filaments. PMID- 3902856 TI - Zeugmatin: a new high molecular weight protein associated with Z lines in adult and early embryonic striated muscle. AB - Monoclonal antibodies were generated to a purified preparation of the fascia adherens domains of the intercalated discs of chicken cardiac cell membranes. One of these antibodies, McAb 20, immunofluorescently labeled the Z lines of adult skeletal muscle, the Z lines and intercalated discs of adult cardiac muscle, and the dense bodies and dense plaques of adult gizzard smooth muscle. In addition, McAb 20 was found to label regenerating muscle cells in a cross-striated pattern much like that of Z lines in 24-h muscle cell cultures before the appearance of Z lines was detectable by phase or Nomarski optics and before the concentration of alpha-actinin occurred at the Z lines. Thus, McAb 20 appears to be directed against an antigen involved in early myofibrillar organization. Preliminary biochemical characterization of the antigen recognized by McAb 20 indicates that it is a high molecular weight doublet of over 5 X 10(5) kD that is highly susceptible to proteolysis. By virtue of its presence in Z lines, and its possible role in the end-on attachment of microfilaments to Z lines and membranes, we have named this protein zeugmatin (xi epsilon nu gamma mu alpha identical to yoking). PMID- 3902857 TI - Selective expression of the 180-kD component of the neural cell adhesion molecule N-CAM during development. AB - The rodent neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) consists of three glycoprotein chains of 180, 140, and 120 kD in their adult forms. Although the proportions of the three components are known to change during development and differ between brain regions, their individual distribution and function are unknown. Here we report studies carried out with a monoclonal antibody that specifically recognizes the 180-kD component of mouse N-CAM (N-CAM180) in its highly sialylated embryonic and less glycosylated adult forms. In primary cerebellar cell cultures, N-CAM180 antibody reacts intracellularly with all types of neural cells including astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and neurons. During cerebellar, telencephalic, and retinal development N-CAM180 is detectable by indirect immunohistology in differentiated neural cells, but, in contrast to total N-CAM, not in their proliferating precursors in the ventricular zone and primordial and early postnatal external granular layer. In monolayer cultures of C1300 neuroblastoma cells, N-CAM180 appears by immunofluorescence more concentrated at contact points between adjacent cells, while N-CAM comprising the 180- and 140-kD component shows a more uniform distribution at the plasma membrane. Treatment of neuroblastoma cells with dimethylsulfoxide, which promotes differentiation, induces a shift toward the predominant expression of N-CAM180. These observations support the notion that N-CAM180 is expressed selectively in more differentiated neural cells and suggest a differential role of N-CAM180 in the stabilization of cell contacts. PMID- 3902859 TI - Immunolocalization of a neuronal growth-dependent membrane glycoprotein. AB - Monoclonal antibody (mAb) 5B4 recognizes in the rat a large, developmentally regulated membrane glycoprotein. The larger form of this antigen (185-255 kD) occurs in the developing nervous system and is present in membranes of nerve growth cones, as determined by analysis of a growth cone particle fraction. An immunochemical characterization of this antigen and of a smaller form (140 kD), sparsely present in the mature nervous system, has been described (Ellis, L., I. Wallis, E. Abreu, and K. H. Pfenninger, 1985, J. Cell. Biol., 101:1977-1989). The present paper reports on the localization by immunofluorescence of 5B4 antigen in cultured cortical neurons, developing spinal cord, and the mature olfactory system. In culture, mAb 5B4 stains only neurons; it is sparsely present in neurons at the onset of sprouting while, during sprouting, it appears to be concentrated at the growth cone and in regions of the perikaryon. In the developing spinal cord, 5B4 labeling is faintly detectable on embryonic day 11 but is intense on fetal day 13. At this stage, the fluorescence is observed in regions of the cord where axonal growth is occurring, while areas composed of dividing or migrating neural cells are nonfluorescent. With maturation of the spinal cord, this basic pattern of fluorescence persists initially, but the staining intensity decreases dramatically. In the adult, faint fluorescence is detectable only in gray matter, presumably indicating the presence of the 140 kD rather than the fetal antigen. The only known structure of the adult mammalian nervous system where axonal growth normally occurs is the olfactory nerve. mAb 5B4 intensely stains a variable proportion of olfactory axons in the mucosa as well as in the olfactory bulb. Based on both immunochemical and immunofluorescence data, the 5B4 antigen of 185-255 kD is associated specifically with growing neurons, i.e., neurons that are generating neurites. PMID- 3902860 TI - Incorporation of [3H]thymidine by isolated fetal myoblasts and fibroblasts in response to human placental lactogen (HPL): possible mediation of HPL action by release of immunoreactive SM-C. AB - We investigated the actions of human placental lactogen (HPL) and human growth hormone (HGH) on [3H]thymidine incorporation and the release of immunoassayable somatomedin-C (SM-C) by isolated myoblasts, dermal fibroblasts, and costal cartilage explants taken from human fetuses at 11-21 weeks of gestation. The incorporation of [3H]thymidine by myoblasts and fibroblasts was significantly increased after incubation for 20 hr or 44 hr, and cell number after incubation for 7 days, in the presence of 50-250 ng/ml HPL. Incubation with HPL did not increase [3H]thymidine incorporation into cartilage explants, whereas incubation with HGH failed to enhance the uptake of this isotope by any of the tissues. Following extraction with acid-ethanol, culture medium conditioned by exposure to myoblasts or fibroblasts for 44 hr, and to cartilage explants for 7 days, contained radioimmunoassayable SM-C. Myoblast-conditioned medium contained significantly more SM-C [1,609 +/- 953 mU/mg cell protein (mean +/- SD); n = 10] than did that conditioned by fibroblasts (637 +/- 323; n = 5; P less than 0.02). In 1 week of culture, cartilage explants released 4.1 +/- 1.1 mU/mg wet weight (n = 7). The release of immunoassayable SM-C from cultured cells was significantly increased in the presence of 250 ng/ml HPL in five of eight experiments with myoblasts and two of four experiments with fibroblasts. Neither fibroblasts or myoblasts showed increased SM-C release following exposure to HGH. The results suggest that HPL, but not HGH, is growth-promoting for some human fetal tissues in vitro and that this action is mediated, at least in part, by an increased release of somatomedins. PMID- 3902861 TI - Rapid method for the measurement of methylprednisolone and its hemisuccinate in plasma and urine following "pulse therapy" by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - A rapid method for the measurement of methylprednisolone and its 21-hemisuccinate ester in plasma and urine following high dose pulse therapy is described. The drugs were extracted using Extrelut columns, eluted with ethyl acetate which was evaporated to dryness and the residue was reconstituted in chromatographic mobile phase. High-performance liquid chromatography was performed on a reversed-phase column using a mobile phase of acetonitrile-acetate buffer with detection at 251 nm. No interference from any drugs or endogenous compounds has been observed. The method has been used to analyse over 200 plasma and 150 urine samples from patients with rheumatoid disease or renal failure who have received high dose methylprednisolone hemisuccinate infusions. PMID- 3902858 TI - Nerve growth cones isolated from fetal rat brain. IV. Preparation of a membrane subfraction and identification of a membrane glycoprotein expressed on sprouting neurons. AB - This study describes the preparation of a membrane subfraction from isolated nerve growth cone particles (GCPs) (see Pfenninger, K. H., L. Ellis, M. P. Johnson, L. B. Friedman, and S. Somlo, 1983, Cell, 35:573-584) and the identification in this fraction of a glycoprotein expressed during neurite growth. While approximately 40 major polypeptides are visible in Coomassie Blue stained SDS polyacrylamide gels of pelleted (partially disrupted) GCPs, a salt washed membrane fraction prepared from lysed, detergent-permeabilized GCPs contains only 14% of this protein and has an unusually simple polypeptide pattern of seven major bands. Monoclonal antibodies have been generated to GCP membranes isolated from fetal rat brain. These antibodies have been screened differentially with synaptosomes from adult rat brain in order to identify those which recognize antigens expressed selectively during neurite growth. One such antibody (termed 5B4) recognizes a developmentally regulated membrane glycoprotein that is enriched in GCP membranes and expressed in fetal neurons sprouting in vitro. The 5B4 antigen in fetal brain migrates in SDS polyacrylamide gels as a diffuse band of approximately 185-255 kD, is rich in sialic acid, and consists of a small family of isoelectric variants. Freezing-thawing and neuraminidase digestion result in the cleavage of the native antigen into two new species migrating diffusely around 200 and 160 kD. Prolonged neuraminidase digestion sharpens these bands at about 180 and 135 kD, respectively. In the mature brain, antibody 5B4 recognizes a sparse polypeptide migrating at approximately 140 kD. As shown in the following paper (Wallis, I., L. Ellis, K. Suh, and K. H. Pfenninger, 1985, J. Cell Biol., 101:1990-1998), the fetal antigen is specifically associated with regions of neuronal sprouting and, therefore, can be used as a molecular marker of neurite growth. PMID- 3902863 TI - State and Federal expenditures on Medicaid eligible chronically ill children in rural Florida. AB - This paper details public (State and Federal) expenditures for children's health care among Medicaid eligible chronically ill children resident in a rural setting. Of the cases, 78.5% had an expenditure in the study year with an average per capita total expenditure of +604. The mean total expenditure was considerably higher than the median total expenditure (+142), i.e. there was a relatively small proportion of high cost cases. Inpatient services accounted for 54.2% of total expenditures despite the fact that only 12% of the cases had been hospitalized. Wide variation in total expenditures, both within and among disease categories, was noted. By implication, while substantial savings might be realized from efforts directed at reducing health care costs for a small subset of the population, the identification of that subpopulation remains elusive. PMID- 3902862 TI - The use of pediatric medical care: a critical review. AB - The problems of who uses medical services and why, are important ones for investigators interested in studying chronic diseases, particularly if they wish to avoid systematic error when assembling a study population. These issues are important when studying pediatric diseases due to the uneven use of medical services by children and the tendency of lower socioeconomic groups to use hospital facilities rather than private practitioners. In order to address these problems, we must understand why families seek medical care for young children. Utilization research shows that a number of descriptive factors such as child's age, birth order, parental education, financial resources and perceived symptoms are related to service use. Additionally, psychosocial variables, such as distress, also predict utilization. Neither the descriptive nor psychosocial variables explain much of the variance in utilization. While some of this lack of explanatory power can be attributed to problems in measurement or study design, there are also conceptual and methodological issues that are not addressed in pediatric utilization research. This paper discusses four of these issues. It is our conclusion that two of these problems, the need for a new utilization taxonomy and the ambiguity of cause and effect, can be remedied. While more difficult to address, the inadequate conceptualization of social stress, psychological distress, and social support can be improved. However, measuring health status independently of utilization represents a major methodologic problem for which we currently have no ideal solution. PMID- 3902864 TI - Beneath the technological fix. Outliers and probability statements. PMID- 3902866 TI - Increased gastric inhibitory polypeptide is not reduced in patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus treated with intense insulin therapy. AB - Serum glucose and gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) responses during mixed test meals and primed continuous infusion of insulin using the insulin clamp technique were studied in nine patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) before and after vigorous insulin treatment. Fasting serum glucose concentrations fell an average of 167 mg/dl (P less than 0.001), and there was a 67% reduction (P less than 0.001) in the postprandial glucose response. Mean hemoglobin A1c declined and paralleled the fall in serum glucose concentrations (9.2 +/- 0.5% to 5.9% +/- 0.3%; P less than 0.01). This improvement in glycemic control, however, was not associated with any appreciable change in GIP secretion. Basal and meal-stimulated serum GIP levels were not reduced after intense insulin therapy. Furthermore, hyperinsulinemia at physiological (100 microU/ml) and superphysiological (1000 microU/ml) levels failed to reduce GIP secretion before and after insulin therapy. Before insulin therapy, seven patients had elevated basal GIP levels and five had increased GIP levels after meals compared to values in nondiabetic subjects. Insulin administration did not alter these elevated GIP levels. These findings suggest that the increased meal-stimulated GIP secretion in some patients with NIDDM is not due to a failure of insulin feedback on GIP secretion. PMID- 3902865 TI - Abnormalities of islet B-cell function, insulin action, and fat distribution in women with histories of gestational diabetes: relationship to obesity. AB - Although obese women with histories of gestational diabetes mellitus (former GDM) are highly predisposed to develop noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), lean former GDM women are less predisposed. To explore reasons for this difference, we performed measures of islet B-cell function and insulin action in eight lean former GDM women [ideal body weight (IBW), 107 +/- 2% (mean +/- SEM)], 11 obese former GDM (IBW, 161 +/- 11%), and 19 normal women subjects who were individually pair-matched to former GDM for % IBW and age. The first phase (0-10 min) insulin secretory response to iv glucose was significantly lower in both lean and obese former GDM compared to that in normal women (3,480 +/- 548% vs. 8,234 +/- 1,337% basal . min and 3,444 +/- 682 vs. 10,251 +/- 2,465). The second phase (10-60 min) insulin response to glucose was also significantly lower in lean former GDM women and tended to be lower in obese former GDM women compared to that in their respective controls. Insulin action was assessed by the insulin sensitivity index (SI) using Bergman's minimal modeling technique. SI values in lean former GDM women were similar to those in their controls (4.42 +/- 1.3 X 10( 4) ml min-1 microU-1 vs. 5.19 +/- 1.2 X 10(-4). In contrast, SI values in obese former GDM women were significantly lower than those in their controls (0.77 +/- 0.28 X 10(-4) vs. 2.04 +/- 0.43 X 10(-4). To assess whether differences in fat distribution and fat cell size were associated with these differences in insulin sensitivity, the waist to thigh circumference ratio, the waist to hip ratio, and abdominal fat cell diameter were measured. All three were significantly greater in the obese former GDM women than in controls. Thus, an abnormal central distribution of adiposity appears to be associated with the insulin action defect in obese former GDM women. We conclude that both lean and obese former GDM women have insulin secretion defects. Although a modest insulin action defect in lean former GDM women may have been missed by this technique, only in the obese former GDM women, who have a higher risk for future NIDDM, was an insulin action defect demonstrable. Thus, impairments of both insulin secretion and insulin action may be necessary to cause a marked predisposition toward NIDDM. PMID- 3902867 TI - Diagnostic evaluation of measurements of carboxyl-terminal flanking peptide (PDN 21) of the human calcitonin gene in human serum. AB - Calcitonin and its carboxyl-terminal flanking peptide (PDN-21), also encoded by the calcitonin gene, were measured by RIA in unextracted serum of normal subjects and patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and surgically verified and suspected medullary thyroid carcinoma. Serum PDN-21 was detectable (greater than 0.005 ngeq/ml) in the large majority of normal subjects (92%), and the values increased significantly more in men than women (4.8- and 2.0-fold, respectively; P less than 0.01) in response to 1-min iv calcium injections. Calcitonin was detectable (greater than 0.025 ngeq/ml) in only 25% of normal subjects before iv calcium and became measurable after iv calcium in 88% of men and 41% of women. In patients with chronic hypercalcemia due to primary hyperparathyroidism, PDN-21 and calcitonin were within normal limits. In normal subjects, iv pentagastrin (0.5 microgram/kg BW) did not increase PDN-21, and calcitonin remained undetectable. In 41 medullary thyroid carcinoma patients, basal PDN-21 and calcitonin levels were increased similarly, and they were stimulated in response to iv calcium or iv pentagastrin. In 5 siblings of medullary thyroid carcinoma patients, PDN-21 and calcitonin were increased in response to iv pentagastrin, and we suspect C-cell hyperplasia or medullary thyroid carcinoma. In conclusion, a diagnostically useful RIA for the measurement of PDN-21 in unextracted serum which complements calcitonin measurements has been developed. PMID- 3902868 TI - Prolonged disappearance rate of a structurally abnormal mutant insulin from the circulation in humans. AB - The first mutant insulin, [LeuB25]insulin, was semisynthesized, and its disappearance rate from the circulation was measured. Three micrograms of normal human or [LeuB25] insulin per kg were administered to three normal subjects. The half-lives of normal insulin and the mutant insulin were 4.5 and 24 min, respectively. The decrement in blood glucose levels after injection of mutant insulin was 22.6% that after injection of normal insulin. The blood glucose lowering effect of the mutant insulin, evaluated by the time required to reach the nadir, was slightly prolonged (30 vs. 45 min). These results indicate that hyperinsulinemia in patients with abnormal insulin is due to prolonged disappearance because of decreased receptor binding. PMID- 3902869 TI - Protein synthesis and breakdown rates associated with the insulin resistance of fibroblasts from patients with leprechaunism. AB - Postreceptor defects in insulin action have been reported in fibroblasts isolated from two patients with Leprechaunism, Leprechaun/Ark-1 and Leprechaun NC-1. We have extended the published reports on glucose, aminoisobutyric acid, and thymidine uptake in these cells to measurements of protein synthesis and protein breakdown. We found a remarkably consistent pattern of responsiveness between the two Leprechaun fibroblast lines. First, protein synthesis proceeded at a low basal rate that was only slightly stimulated by insulin. Second, basal rates of protein breakdown were significantly higher than in normal skin fibroblasts, with approximately equal inhibitory effects produced by 100 nM insulin. Third, the responses of protein synthesis and protein breakdown to insulin required higher concentrations of the hormone to elicit half-maximal effects. Fourth, both Leprechaun cell lines were slow growing in complete medium, a situation that results from low rates of protein synthesis and high rates of protein breakdown. Fifth, the abnormal rates of protein metabolism in the presence of serum were caused not by the inability of serum to produce anabolic responses but because the unstimulated rates reflect a more catabolic basal state. Taken together with previous published results, our measurements suggest a generalized metabolic defect in Leprechaun fibroblasts that can only partly be explained by the reduced sensitivity of the cells to insulin. PMID- 3902870 TI - Effects of hypopituitarism and growth hormone replacement therapy on the production and utilization of glucose in childhood. AB - Glucose metabolism during fasting was investigated in 10 children aged 1.5 month 11.5 yr with deficiency of GH with or without other pituitary hormone deficiencies. After 10-16 h of fasting, mean plasma glucose was 56 +/- 4 (SEM) mg/dl, the result of decreased hepatic production of glucose (3.3 +/- 0.3 mg kg-1 min-1) insufficient to match glucose utilization (3.6 +/- 0.4 mg kg-1 min-1). The diminution of plasma glucose and of glucose production was similar whether ACTH deficiency was present (3.2 +/- mg kg-1 min-1) or not (3.5 +/- 0.6 mg kg-1 min 1). These results indicate that the lack of GH was the primary cause of hypoglycemia. Fasting plasma alanine (212 +/- 41 mumol/liter) and lactate (1222 +/- 136 mumol/liter), the main gluconeogenic substrates, were normal and did not correlate with the decrease of hepatic glucose release. Both plasma FFA (552 +/- 35 microM) and beta-hydroxybutyrate (654 +/- 158 microM) were in the low normal range, and neither correlated with the rate of glucose utilization. hGH replacement therapy resulted in a normalization of fasting plasma glucose concentration (78.5 +/- 6 mg/dl, P less than 0.005) and hepatic glucose production (6.1 +/- 1.2 mg kg-1 min-1). No significant changes occurred in the plasma concentrations of gluconeogenic or lipid substrates. These results, together with the known stimulatory effects of GH on carbohydrate-induced insulin secretion and storage of hepatic glycogen, suggest that the changes in glucose production in untreated and GH treated patients reflect the degree of hepatic glycogen replenishment. PMID- 3902873 TI - [Studies on the ability of Escherichia coli of urinary tract infection origin to adhere to isolated uroepithelial cells]. PMID- 3902872 TI - Lymphocyte function in human bone marrow. II. Characterization of an interleukin 2-sensitive T precursor-cell population. AB - In the present study of human bone marrow lymphocytes, we analyze a newly recognized population of T suppressor-cell precursors which are found in marrow only and which have the potential to inhibit immunoglobulin (Ig) production in vitro. Following exposure to interleukin 2 (IL2), suppressor precursors acquire E receptor, T3 determinants, suppressor function, and lectin responsiveness. To distinguish this population within the framework of T-cell ontogeny, it was compared to a previously described population of thymus-dependent helper T-cell precursors which express helper function following exposure to thymus-derived mediators. The two populations are completely distinct and can be separated on density gradients. Suppressor precursors expressed T8 and TAC (IL2-receptor) antigens prior to in vitro induction with IL2. The thymic hormone-dependent cells expressed T4 but not T8 or TAC determinants. In two patients with severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID), IL2-responsive precursor cells appeared only late after thymus epithelium transplantation, perhaps best explained by a model in which thymus-dependent differentiation pathways precede, induce, or seed pathways of extra-thymic T-cell differentiation. The large pool size of over 10(11) suppressor and helper precursor cells present in adult bone marrow suggests that these populations may play an important role in immune homeostasis. PMID- 3902871 TI - An update on human interleukin-1: from molecular biology to clinical relevance. AB - Interleukin-1 (IL-1) represents a family of polypeptides with a wide range of biological activities. At least two dissimilar gene products have been cloned; there are probably more. The human IL-1 family plays an important role in the pathogenesis of many diseases and functions as a key mediator of the host response to various infectious, inflammatory, and immunologic challenges. Recombinant mouse (pI 5) and recombinant human (pI 7) IL-1's are being used to confirm the multiple biological properties of IL-1's but considerable investigation is required before the specific activities (biological units per milligram of protein) are established for each human IL-1 form. Some IL-1 biological activities such as the induction of hepatic acute-phase protein synthesis have been demonstrated in invertebrates predating the evolution of lymphocytes. IL-1 is highly inflammatory and increases the concentration of metabolites of arachidonic acid, most notably prostaglandin E2, in brain, muscle, chondrocytes, and synovial fibroblasts. The synthesis of leukotrienes also is involved in the mechanism of its action on certain tissues. The cloning and expression of human IL-1 genes will expand our understanding of IL-1 in various diseases through improved detection systems and the use of cDNA probes; the development of IL-1 antagonists, as well as the use of IL-1 as an immunomodulator, is presently being considered. PMID- 3902874 TI - Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains belonging to a new serogroup, Escherichia coli O166. AB - Thirty-two strains of Escherichia coli belonging to a new O group, O166, were examined. Twenty-one strains had the flagella antigen H27, five had the H15 antigen, five had the H7 antigen, and one was nonmotile. All the H27 strains and the nonmotile strain produced heat-stable enterotoxin but not heat-labile enterotoxin. All the H7 strains produced heat-labile enterotoxin but not heat stable enterotoxin. The remaining strains were nonenterotoxigenic. None of the strains possessed colonization factor antigens CFA/I, CFA/II, or PCF8775. PMID- 3902875 TI - Comparison of four hippurate hydrolysis methods for identification of thermophilic Campylobacter spp. AB - The test for hippurate hydrolysis is critical for separation of Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli strains. Glycine and benzoic acid are formed when hippurate is hydrolyzed by C. jejuni. The test used in most laboratories is one of several variations of the ninhydrin tube test described by Hwang and Ederer (M. Hwang and G. M. Ederer, J. Clin. Microbiol. 1:114-115, 1975) for detection of glycine. We evaluated three modifications of the Hwang and Ederer method and the gas-liquid chromatographic (GLC) method described by Kodaka et al. (H. Kodaka, G. L. Lombard, and V. R. Dowell, Jr., J. Clin. Microbiol. 16:962-964, 1982) for detecting benzoic acid. Campylobacter strains comprised 22 C. jejuni, 11 C. coli, and 8 C. laridis strains. The species identification of each strain was confirmed by DNA relatedness. All strains of C. jejuni were positive and all strains of C. coli and C. laridis were negative by the GLC method for detecting hippurate hydrolysis, whereas three strains of C. jejuni gave negative or variable results in the tube tests. The GLC method is more sensitive than the tube methods for detecting hippurate hydrolysis and should be used on cultures yielding variable or questionable test results. PMID- 3902876 TI - Rapid diagnosis of LaCrosse encephalitis: detection of specific immunoglobulin M in cerebrospinal fluid. AB - An immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody capture enzyme immunoassay (MAC-EIA) was developed for the rapid and early diagnosis of LaCrosse (LAC) virus infections. The MAC-EIA was a sensitive and specific technique for the detection of IgM antibodies to LAC virus in cerebrospinal fluid specimens and in acute-phase serum specimens. In a retrospective study, cerebrospinal fluid and acute-phase serum paired samples from 108 patients were tested by the MAC-EIA and by an IgM immunofluorescence assay. The results were compared with the original diagnosis, which was made by using a variety of classical serological tests including serum neutralization, hemagglutination inhibition, and complement fixation. Thirty patients were confirmed as having LAC virus infections; of these, 30 (100%) were diagnosed as positive by serum MAC-EIA, and 27 (90%) were positive by cerebrospinal fluid MAC-EIA. The MAC-EIA was more sensitive than the IgM immunofluorescence assay. Two patients who were not previously confirmed as positive cases were diagnosed as having LAC virus infections by the MAC-EIA. One patient who was subsequently diagnosed as having a Jamestown Canyon virus infection and two patients who were previously infected with Jamestown Canyon virus were not falsely identified as having LAC virus infections by the MAC-EIA. PMID- 3902877 TI - Quantification of medically important Candida species and Torulopsis glabrata by a spiral inoculation system: correlation with pour plate and spread plate methods. AB - A new method of quantifying Candida spp. and Torulopsis glabrata suspensions, the spiral inoculation system, was studied to compare its accuracy, efficiency, and cost with the standard pour plating and spread plating methods. Concentrations of yeast suspensions ranging from 10(2) to 10(5) CFU were quantified simultaneously by the three methods. Linear regression analysis was used to determine the correlation between the spiral inoculation system and pour plating and between the spiral system and spread plating for Candida albicans, C. tropicalis, C. krusei, and T. glabrata. Spiral system and pour plating techniques correlated very well for all species, as did the spiral system and spread plating techniques (r greater than 0.95; P greater than 0.001). PMID- 3902878 TI - Incidence and characterization of beta-hemolytic Streptococcus milleri and differentiation from S. pyogenes (group A), S. equisimilis (group C), and large colony group G streptococci. AB - The biochemical characteristics of 172 clinical isolates of group A, C, F, or G or "nongroupable" beta-hemolytic streptococci were examined. Among these isolates, 91 were identified as beta-hemolytic strains of Streptococcus milleri. The remaining isolates included 20 Streptococcus pyogenes, 21 Streptococcus equisimilis, 37 large-colony group G streptococci, and 3 unidentified nongroupable isolates. A majority (84%) of the S. milleri strains possessed Lancefield group antigen (3 A, 27 C, 41 F, and 5 G), whereas 15 S. milleri strains (16%) were nongroupable. Serological tests did not differentiate S. milleri isolates with group A, C, or G antigen from S. pyogenes (group A), S. equisimilis (group C), or large-colony group G streptococci. Biochemical tests which were found useful for differentiation included the Voges-Proskauer test, hydrolysis of pyroglutamic acid and beta-D-glucuronide, bacitracin susceptibility, and acid production from ribose. S. milleri represented 56% of the group C, 100% of the group F, and 83% of the nongroupable beta-hemolytic streptococci isolated in our clinical laboratory, whereas the incidence of S. milleri among group A and group G streptococci was estimated to be low. The role of beta-hemolytic S. milleri as a cause of human infection remains obscured by the failure to routinely differentiate S. milleri from other beta-hemolytic streptococci. PMID- 3902880 TI - Inoculum size and lot-to-lot variation as significant variables in the tube coagulase test for Staphylococcus aureus. AB - For a positive coagulase test with certain isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, inoculation of 0.5 ml of coagulase plasma with at least two colonies and 24 h of incubation at 35 to 37 degrees C may be required. S. aureus does not multiply in coagulase plasma. There is also lot-to-lot variation in the sensitivity of coagulase plasma. On isolates from critical specimens, a negative coagulase test obtained with an inoculum of less than two colonies should be confirmed by repeating the procedure with a larger inoculum or by using some other confirmatory test. PMID- 3902879 TI - Rapid detection of respiratory syncytial virus in nasopharyngeal secretions by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. AB - A new enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) respiratory syncytial virus antigen detection kit (Ortho Diagnostics, Inc., Raritan, N.J.) was compared with virus culture and with the indirect fluorescent antibody test (FAT) by using fresh nasal washings from children with suspected respiratory syncytial virus infection. Both uncentrifuged nasal washings and pellets from centrifuged split specimens were examined by ELISA. The ELISA was considered positive when the optical density was greater than the mean background optical density plus 0.15. Specimens positive by ELISA but negative by culture and FAT were reexamined in an ELISA blocking assay. Of 337 uncentrifuged specimens, 124 (37%) were positive by culture, 107 (32%) were positive by FAT, and 166 (49%) were positive by ELISA. Blocking assays showed that 21 of 30 (70%) of the seemingly false-positive ELISA tests were, in fact, true-positives and that the cultures and FATs were falsely negative. A patient specimen was considered positive when it was positive by virus culture, FAT, or blocking assay. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value of the ELISA test were 88, 94, and 95%, respectively. Centrifugation of nasal washings raised the sensitivity from 88 to 92% but reduced the specificity from 94 to 81%. We conclude that the Ortho ELISA test of uncentrifuged nasal washings is more sensitive than virus culture or indirect FAT and is highly specific. PMID- 3902882 TI - New germ tube induction medium for the identification of Candida albicans. AB - A new germ tube induction medium, composed of three parts Rabbit Coagulase Plasma with EDTA (BBL Microbiology Systems) and two parts Tryp-Soy broth (Scott Laboratories, Inc.), was effective for the presumptive identification of Candida albicans. This medium was safer to use, more accurate, and less expensive than other commercial germ tube induction media. PMID- 3902881 TI - Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli diarrhea in hospitalized children in Bangladesh. AB - The role of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) was evaluated in a group of children with endemic diarrhea admitted to Dhaka Shishu Hospital in Dacca, Bangladesh. EPEC was detected in fecal samples of 23% of 104 cases and 8% of 74 concurrent control children. The most commonly isolated EPEC strains were serogroups O20a, O20c:K61; O20a, O20b:K84; O26:K60; and O18a, O18c:K77. Except for O26:K60, these groups had not been reported from Bangladesh. On testing for enterotoxin production, only two strains (serogroups O26:K60, O18a, and O18c:K77) were enterotoxigenic. None was enteroinvasive as tested in the guinea pig conjunctivitis model. Our study supports the concept that EPEC may be an important cause of endemic diarrhea in Bangladesh. PMID- 3902883 TI - Effect of swab type and storage temperature on the isolation of Chlamydia trachomatis from clinical specimens. AB - We evaluated various swabs for the recovery of Chlamydia trachomatis and found that only 7 of 14 swabs tested resulted in a greater than 50% recovery of organisms. Storage of chlamydial specimens at 4 degrees C for more than 1 day resulted in a rapid loss of viability, whereas freezing of specimens at -70 degrees C resulted in only a marginal decrease in the isolation rate. PMID- 3902884 TI - Comparison of the modified Elek test and Wagatsuma agar for determination of the Kanagawa phenomenon of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. AB - The modified Elek test and Wagatsuma agar were compared for their ability to detect the Kanagawa activity of 142 strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The performance of the modified Elek test was on a par with that of the Wagatsuma agar as far as positivity was concerned, and the test was far superior to Wagatsuma agar in eliminating doubtful results. The results of the modified Elek test were not unduly influenced by the different types of agar used. PMID- 3902885 TI - Comparison of polyclonal antiserum versus monoclonal antibodies for the rapid diagnosis of influenza A virus infections by immunofluorescence in clinical specimens. AB - A pool of monoclonal antibodies was compared with polyclonal antiserum for the rapid detection of influenza A virus in 28 clinical specimens by immunofluorescence. Monoclonal antibodies showed higher sensitivity (69 versus 46%) and accuracy (86 versus 75%) and easier slide interpretation than did polyclonal antiserum. The procedure proved useful for rapid detection of a community outbreak of influenza A virus infection. PMID- 3902886 TI - Screening method for rapid detection of methicillin-resistant (heteroresistant) Staphylococcus aureus. AB - A broth screening method was developed to detect methicillin-resistant (heteroresistant) strains of Staphylococcus aureus from primary plates. Lyophilized vials containing cation-supplemented Mueller-Hinton broth, 2% NaCl, and 10 micrograms of methicillin and 6 micrograms of oxacillin per ml were hydrated and tested with 129 methicillin-resistant and 35 methicillin-susceptible strains of S. aureus. With the addition of a tetrazolium indicator after 5 h of incubation, 96.9% of resistant strains were detected. No false-positive results occurred. PMID- 3902887 TI - Neuroimmunomodulatory interactions of norepinephrine and serotonin. AB - Monoamine neuroleptics alter rodents responses to immunization, suggesting that norepinephrine (NE) and serotonin (5HT) are neuroimmunomodulatory in these animals. Although endocrine factors participate in their mechanism(s) of action, recent studies suggest that NE and 5HT also interact more directly with immunocompetent cells. This review provides an overview of evidence for a direct regulatory link between the nervous and immune systems and further speculates on the process by which NE and 5HT realize in part, their neuroimmunomodulatory potential. Anatomical data show that noradrenergic fibers of the sympathetic nervous system innervate lymphoid organs providing a channel of communication between neurons and lymphocytes. Presumably neural signals transmitted by NE are received by platelets that in turn, transduce them via 5HT into immunomodulatory messages. It is proposed that NE alters the capacity of platelets to sequester and/or catabolize 5HT, thus regulating its physiologically active pool in the plasma. Macrophages possess a 5HT uptake system, the kinetic properties of which make them sensitive to changes in plasma levels of the amine. Thus, through its ability to regulate plasma levels of 5HT, an immunosuppressive amine with access to macrophages, the nervous system can influence cells involved in antigen recognition. Support for this hypothetical immunomodulatory mechanism is gleaned from clinical and experimental studies. For example, individuals suffering emotional trauma are more susceptible than others to developing physical illness. It is of interest that platelet 5HT pharmacodynamics are often abnormal in patients with psychological disorders characterized by catecholamine deficits. Similar platelet changes have been achieved experimentally by treating rats with catecholamine antimetabolites. Additional support for the hypothesis derives from aging research since 'monoamine imbalance' and immune dysfunction are co characteristics of senescence. In aging rodents and humans, central catecholamine deficits are associated with a decreased platelet affinity for 5HT and an increased plasma content of 5HT. Thus, emotional, spontaneous (age-related), or experimental changes in monoamine homeostasis have the potential to increase the risk of disease in affected individuals. Perhaps part of this effect results from endocrine perturbations associated with the trauma. However, a direct interaction between the nervous and immune systems involving monoamines is also possible, and a need for future study of this potentially significant mechanism for neuroimmunomodulation is indicated. PMID- 3902888 TI - Involvement of peripheral and central catecholamine systems in neural-immune interactions. AB - In this review, we have attempted to delineate the current state of knowledge of the relationships between the immune system and one chemically specific component of the nervous system, the noradrenergic system, both in the brain and the periphery. We have discussed recent work describing the presence of noradrenergic innervation in lymphoid tissues in the major lymphatic organs. Our findings demonstrate clearly that the regions in which lymphocytes (mainly T cells) reside, and through which they recirculate, receive direct sympathetic neural input. The immune system can, therefore, be considered 'hard-wired' to the brain. The evidence for receptors on cells of the immune system capable of receiving signals from the brain is discussed. The significance of this 'hard-wiring' to the function of the immune system is considered, both with regard to the effect of its disruption on immune responses, and to the direct and indirect effects of sympathetic neurotransmitter substances on lymphocytes and their behavior in vitro and in vivo. Finally, our detailed analysis of changes occurring in central noradrenergic pathways as a result of stimulation of the immune system leads to an emerging picture of feedback loops from the immune system to the brain. Such circuits employ endocrine, and probably autonomic, outflow to modulate and regulate immune responses. PMID- 3902889 TI - A review of generators of the brainstem auditory evoked potential: contribution of an experimental study. AB - The goal of this paper is to briefly review the evidence for the generator(s) of each wave of the brainstem auditory evoked potential. An experimental study is included that adds data relevant to the question of generators. Thus, the distributions of amplitude and latency are plotted throughout the scalp for each of the positive and negative waves (16) of this potential (20 normal ears). For amplitudes, seven are maximal on the midline with five on Cz (IN, IV, V, VN, and VIN) and two on FZ (I' and IIIN); two are on the ipsilateral side (II and VIIN), and seven are maximal on the contralateral side (I, IIN, III, VI, VII, VIII, and VIIIN). For latency to peak, none is earliest on the midline; only five are on the ipsilateral side (I', III, IIIN, IV, and VIIN), and all the rest are on the contralateral side. The falloff from the maximal amplitude is rectilinearly related to the square of the distance from the peak, but this relationship is not the "inverse square law." These data are then discussed with reference to the possible generators of each wave. PMID- 3902890 TI - Models for public health workers: Charles V. Chapin, Hermann M. Biggs, and Joseph W. Mountin. PMID- 3902891 TI - Biochemical and clinical implications of proinsulin conversion intermediates. AB - Since a complete map of insulin-related peptides in humans requires consideration of proinsulin, Arg32/Glu33-split proinsulin, Arg65/Gly66-split proinsulin, des Arg31,Arg32-proinsulin, des-Lys64, Arg65-proinsulin, and insulin, we applied high performance liquid chromatography coupled with radioimmunoassay to investigate the formation of proinsulin conversion intermediates in vitro and in vivo. Kinetic analysis of proinsulin processing by a mixture of trypsin and carboxypeptidase B (to stimulate in vivo processes) revealed (a) a rapid decline in proinsulin concommitant with formation of conversion intermediates, (b) formation of des-Arg31, Arg32-proinsulin and des-Lys64,Arg65-proinsulin in the ratio 3.3:1 at steady state, and (c) complete conversion of the precursor to insulin during extended incubation. Studies on normal human pancreas identified a similar ratio of des-Arg31,Arg32-proinsulin to des-Lys64,Arg65-proinsulin (approximately 3:1), whereas two insulinomas contained sizable amounts of des Arg31,Arg32-proinsulin, but barely detectable amounts of des-Lys64,Arg65 proinsulin. None of the tissues contained measurable quantities of Arg32/Glu33- or Arg65/Gly66-split proinsulin. Analysis of plasma from three diabetic subjects managed by the intravenous infusion of human proinsulin revealed less than 1% processing of the circulating precursor to conversion intermediates and no processing of the precursor to human insulin. Nevertheless, analysis of plasma from the same subjects managed by the subcutaneous infusion of proinsulin revealed 4-11% processing of the precursor to intermediates that had the properties of des-Arg31,Arg32-proinsulin and Arg65/Gly66-split proinsulin. We conclude that (a) processing of proinsulin to insulin in vivo as in vitro likely occurs by preferential cleavage at the Arg32-Glu33 peptide bond in proinsulin, (b) proinsulin is inefficiently processed in the vascular compartment, and (c) subcutaneous administration of the precursor can result in the formation of conversion intermediates with the potential for contributing to biological activity. PMID- 3902892 TI - Bacillus Calmette-Guerin-stimulated neutrophils release chemotaxins for monocytes in rabbit pleural spaces and in vitro. AB - Neutrophils are often seen first at sites of granulomatous inflammation but their contribution to monocyte recruitment and granuloma formation is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that neutrophils release chemotaxins which attract monocytes. We found that rapid accumulations of fluid and influxes of neutrophils followed by monocytes occurred in bacillus Calmette--Guerin (BCG)-sensitized rabbits given BCG intrapleurally but did not occur in nitrogen mustard-treated (neutropenic) BCG-sensitized rabbits given BCG intrapleurally--unless the rabbits were also given intrapleural injections of neutrophils. We also found monocyte chemotaxins in pleural spaces of control and neutrophil-reconstituted neutropenic but not in neutropenic rabbits given BCG intrapleurally. Moreover, pleural fluid monocyte chemotaxins had molecular weights (12,000-15,000 and 1,000) that were similar to molecular weights of monocyte chemotaxins present in supernatants from mixtures of neutrophils and BCG in vitro. In addition, intrapleural injection of neutrophils and BCG or supernatants from in vitro mixtures of neutrophils and BCG (but not neutrophils or BCG alone) increased the numbers of monocytes and 3H cell pellet activity in pleural fluids from untreated neutropenic rabbits or neutropenic rabbits previously injected intravenously with 3[H]methyl thymidine labeled monocytes. Furthermore, fewer BCG were recovered from pleural fluids of BCG-sensitized control compared to neutropenic rabbits given BCG, and at autopsy 10 d after instillation of BCG, control but not neutropenic rabbits had well defined granulomas without adhesions on their pleural surfaces. Our results suggest that BCG stimulates neutrophils to release chemotaxins that recruit monocytes, and that these responses might contribute to granuloma formation in tuberculous pleurisy. PMID- 3902893 TI - A kallikrein-like serine protease in prostatic fluid cleaves the predominant seminal vesicle protein. AB - A 33-kD glycoprotein, known as the "prostate-specific antigen," was purified to homogeneity from human seminal plasma. The prostatic protein was identified as a serine protease, and its NH2-terminal sequence strongly suggests that it belongs to the family of glandular kallikreins. The structural protein of human seminal coagulum, the predominant protein in seminal vesicle secretion, was rapidly cleaved by the prostatic enzyme, which suggests that this seminal vesicle protein may serve as the physiological substrate for the protease. The prostatic enzyme hydrolyzed arginine- and lysine-containing substrates with a distinct preference for the former. All synthetic substrates tested were poor substrates for the enzyme. Synthetic Factor XIa substrate (pyro-glutamyl-prolyl-arginine-p nitroanilide), and the synthetic kallikrein substrate (H-D-prolyl-phenylalanyl arginine-p-nitroanilide) were hydrolyzed with maximum specific activities at 23 degrees C of 79 and 34 nmol/min per mg and Km values of 1.0 and 0.45 mM, respectively. Synthetic substrates for plasmin, chymotrypsin, and elastase were either not hydrolyzed by the enzyme at all, or only hydrolyzed very slowly. PMID- 3902894 TI - Distribution of renin activity and angiotensinogen in rat brain. Effects of dietary sodium chloride intake on brain renin. AB - The purpose of this study was to investigate the biochemistry and the regulation of the brain renin-angiotensin system in the Sprague-Dawley rat. Renin activity and angiotensinogen concentrations (direct and indirect radioimmunoassays) were measured in several brain areas and in neuroendocrine glands. Regional renin activities were measured in separate groups of rats on high and low NaCl diets. Mean tissue renin activities ranged from 2.2 +/- 0.6 to 54.4 +/- 19.7 fmol/mg protein per h (mean of 7 +/- SD), with the highest amounts in pineal, pituitary, and pons-medulla. NaCl depletion increased renin activity in selected regions; based on estimates of residual plasma contamination (despite perfusion of brains with saline), increased renin activity of pineal gland and posterior pituitary was attributed to higher plasma renin. To eliminate contamination by plasma renin, 16-h-nephrectomized rats were also studied. In anephric rats, NaCl depletion increased renin activity by 92% in olfactory bulbs and by 97% in anterior pituitary compared with NaCl-replete state. These elevations could not be accounted for by hyperreninemia. Brain renin activity was low and was unaffected by dietary NaCl in amygdala, hypothalamus, striatum, frontal cortex, and cerebellum. In contrast to renin, highest angiotensinogen concentrations were measured in hypothalamus and cerebellum. Overall, angiotensinogen measurements with the direct and the indirect assays were highly correlated (n = 56, r = 0.96, P less than 0.001). We conclude that (a) NaCl deprivation increases renin in olfactory bulbs and anterior pituitary of the rat, unrelated to contamination by plasma renin; and (b) the existence of angiotensinogen, the precursor of angiotensins, is demonstrated by direct radioimmunoassay throughout the brain and in neuroendocrine glands. PMID- 3902895 TI - Sensitive system for visualising biotinylated DNA probes hybridised in situ: rapid sex determination of intact cells. AB - A fast and sensitive method for detecting biotinylated deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) probes was used for sex determination of cells and tissues by in situ hybridisation of a probe "specific" for the Y chromosome (pHY 2.1). Within 24 hours this procedure visualizes the Y chromosome in fetal and adult cells and tissue, without background noise. This procedure should facilitate antenatal determination of sex on small numbers of uncultured cells. The sensitivity of the procedure also permits the chromosomal assignment of genes present in low copy number. PMID- 3902896 TI - Follicular thyroid tumours: a study of laminin and type IV collagen in basement membrane and endothelium. AB - Immunocytochemical stains for laminin and type IV collagen can be used as markers for basement membrane and vascular endothelium. Thirty four follicular thyroid lesions were examined using these techniques to investigate two aspects: firstly, the relation between the extent of invasion and the integrity of basement membrane; secondly, whether the techniques could enhance the detection of tumour vascular invasion. The results showed that although basement membrane was lost in widely invasive tumours, preservation was seen in most but not all encapsulated tumours. The potential for improved recognition of vascular invasion was also found. PMID- 3902897 TI - Evaluation of cultural techniques for isolating Campylobacter pyloridis from endoscopic biopsies of gastric mucosa. AB - One hundred and three gastroscopic biopsies from 80 patients were cultured for Campylobacter pyloridis and studied histologically. Active chronic gastritis, as shown by the presence of polymorphonuclear leucocytes, was diagnosed in 51 biopsies and C pyloridis was found in 47. Sixteen gastric biopsies showed normal histology (no inflammation); C pyloridis was detected in only one of these, and a second biopsy taken from this patient at the same time showed active gastritis. Biopsies could be kept at 4 degrees C for five hours without loss of viability of C pyloridis. An inoculum made by grinding the biopsy in a ground glass grinder consistently gave a much heavier growth of C pyloridis than one made by mincing the specimen. The campylobacter supplement ferrous sulphate, sodium metabisulphite, sodium pyruvate (FBP) (Oxoid) was inhibitory for some isolates; the inhibitory component was found to be sodium metabisulphite. Contaminants, but not C pyloridis, were inhibited by the incorporation of vancomycin 6 mg/l, nalidixic acid 20 mg/l, and amphotericin 2 mg/l, but higher concentrations inhibited C pyloridis. Undried plates kept in a plastic container at room temperature for up to two weeks were as satisfactory as freshly poured plates for the isolation of C pyloridis. PMID- 3902898 TI - Four hour identification of Enterobacteriaceae with the API Rapid 20E and Micro ID systems. AB - One hundred strains of Enterobacteriaceae were examined in parallel with the API Rapid 20E and Micro-ID commercial four hour identification systems. With the API Rapid 20E system 78% of the strains were correctly identified, 15% were not identified, and 7% were misidentified. The respective figures with the Micro-ID system were 74%, 11%, and 15%. PMID- 3902899 TI - Enzyme amplified immunoassay: a novel technique applied to direct detection of Chlamydia trachomatis in clinical specimens. AB - Endocervical swabs from 212 women and urethral swabs from 100 men were tested by the routine methods for McCoy cell culture and simultaneously by a novel enzyme amplified immunoassay test to detect chlamydia antigen. Overall correlation of the amplified test with culture was 96.5%. The test proved to be a suitable screening procedure for genital chlamydial infection, particularly for large numbers of specimens or in cases in which culture was not available. PMID- 3902900 TI - More rapid identification of bacteraemia by manual rather than radiometric method. AB - Results of blood culture examination using the radiometric (Bactec-460) system for one year showed no overall improvement compared with those of the previous three years when a manual system with early blind subculture was used. The isolates from the manual system were available more often on solid media, 24 hours earlier, than when the radiometric system was used. In a further study of 1100 blood cultures the radiometric medium was tested for growth index as well as being subcultured blindly, irrespective of growth index, on the first day. Thirty six out of 54 (67%) of the blood cultures were positive on subculture but negative for growth index at this time. The overall cost of the radiometric system is also considerably more than that of the manual system. PMID- 3902901 TI - Fibrinogen mediated activation of platelet aggregation and thromboxane A2 release: pathological implications in vascular disease. AB - The effect of a human fibrinogen preparation on in vitro platelet aggregation was assessed. Platelets were obtained from healthy volunteers. Human fibrinogen induced platelet aggregation in 65% of platelet rich plasma samples and enhanced submaximal platelet aggregation induced by heparin or by several conventional agonists in all samples. Aggregation induced by fibrinogen alone was reversed by the in vitro addition of human albumin. Fibrinogen induced aggregation was associated with the release of the vasoconstrictor, thromboxane A2. Preincubation with indomethacin inhibited both the aggregation and the release of thromboxane A2. Fibrinogen had no effect on in vitro vascular prostaglandin I2 synthesis (rat aortic rings) during a 60 minute incubation. The observed effects of fibrinogen on platelet function may be relevant to clinical conditions in which hyperaggregability of platelets is associated with hyperfibrinogenemia and thrombosis. PMID- 3902902 TI - Defective activation of neutrophils after splenectomy. AB - Neutrophil chemotaxis and phagocytosis in the presence of serum from 20 patients who had undergone splenectomy and from 15 healthy volunteers was studied. The mean distance migrated by normal neutrophils in the presence of serum from the patients after splenectomy was significantly less than that when normal serum was used (p less than 0.005). The percentage of neutrophils phagocytosing a yeast was also significantly reduced in the presence of serum from patients after splenectomy (p less than 0.02). In addition, when neutrophils from these patients were studied both chemotaxis and phagocytosis were enhanced in normal compared with autologous serum (p less than 0.05). PMID- 3902903 TI - Changes in plasma fibronectin during allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. AB - Plasma fibronectin concentrations were measured serially in nine patients undergoing allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Concentrations were reduced by conditioning treatment and episodes of bacterial infection. Acute graft versus host disease may exacerbate or prolong this process. Reduced plasma fibronectin concentrations impair the function of the mononuclear phagocyte system and the maintenance of capillary endothelial integrity and may thus contribute to the morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation. PMID- 3902904 TI - Cell suspension culture for studying development of macrophages. PMID- 3902905 TI - Healing after treatment of periodontal intraosseous defects. V. Effect of root planing versus flap surgery. AB - The present study compared surgical therapy to root planing alone in the treatment of periodontal intraosseous defects. 25 defects in 14 patients were subjected to root planing only and another 25 defects in the same patients were surgically exposed and citric acid treated. The healing response was evaluated 6 months after treatment. The mean gain of probing attachment level was 0.8 mm in the root-planed defects as compared to 1.3 mm for the surgically exposed and acid treated defects. The probing bone level improved an average of 0.2 mm for the root-planed areas as compared to 0.6 mm for the acid-treated defects. The mean preoperative probing pocket depths of 6.7 mm and 6.8 mm for the 2 groups were reduced to 5.2 mm and 4.1 mm, respectively. The differences in these parameters were statistically significant between the 2 groups. However, both groups demonstrated limited regeneration. PMID- 3902906 TI - The effect of rinsing with Listerine antiseptic on the properties of developing dental plaque. AB - Plaque was collected from a group of volunteers who used either Listerine antiseptic (LA), its vehicle control (V), or a water control (C) twice daily in addition to their normal toothbrushing in a double-blind controlled clinical experiment. Following the 9-month clinical study, plaque collected from the supragingival surfaces of 20 teeth from each of 78 subjects was weighed wet, freeze dried, reweighed, resuspended, sonicated and estimated for protein. In addition, endotoxin activity was evaluated by means of the limulus lysate assay. A 52.6% reduction in wet weight was found LA versus C (p = 0.04); LA versus V showed a 55.1% reduction (p = 0.03). A 59.0% reduction in dry weight was found LA versus C (p = 0.01); LA versus V showed a 59.6% reduction (p = 0.01). A 59.7% reduction in plaque protein was seen LA versus C (p = 0.01); LA versus V showed a 59.2% decrease (p = 0.02). A 75.8% reduction in limulus lysate activity was found LA versus C (p = 0.01); LA versus V showed a decrease of 77.9% (p = 0.01). Our results demonstrate that LA has a dramatic effect on plaque toxic activity, as measured by a decrease in limulus lysate assay, as well as on its biomass. PMID- 3902907 TI - A longitudinal evaluation of varying widths of attached gingiva. AB - 32 patients with bilateral areas of inadequate attached gingiva on the facial surface of homologous contralateral teeth have been followed for 6 years. Treatment consisted of scaling, root planing, oral hygiene and maintenance at 3- to 6-month intervals or as needed to control inflammation. A free gingival graft was placed on one side (experimental), while the other side served as the unoperated control. Areas of inadequate attached gingiva on control sides, to include those with recession and no attached gingiva, did not demonstrate additional recession or further loss of attachment. Gingival inflammation and plaque were significantly reduced. On experimental sides, the dimension of keratinized and attached gingiva increased and was stable over 6 years. Areas which began with recession and no attached gingiva exhibited a reduction in recession and gain in clinical attachment following the placement of a gingival graft. Examination of patients who had discontinued participation in the study for a period of 5 years revealed a re-establishment of gingival inflammation on the control sides associated with additional recession. Similar changes were not observed in areas treated by a free graft. The findings demonstrate that it is possible to maintain periodontal health and attachment through control of gingival inflammation despite the absence of attached gingiva. PMID- 3902908 TI - Efficacy of Listerine antiseptic in inhibiting the development of plaque and gingivitis. AB - A 9-month double-blind controlled clinical study was conducted on adult subjects using either Listerine antiseptic, its vehicle control, or a water control in order to determine the efficacy of the antiseptic mouthrinse in inhibiting the development of plaque and gingivitis. Following screening examinations for minimal entry levels of plaque and gingivitis, all subjects received a complete prophylaxis. Subjects then continued their usual oral hygiene habits for a 3-week normalization period and were examined for soft tissue abnormalities and baseline measurements of plaque, gingivitis, and tooth stain. 2 additional prophylaxes were then performed, followed by a second baseline gingival examination. Zero plaque was re-established by rubber cup polishing and twice daily rinsing was begun. Soft tissue, plaque, gingivitis, and extrinsic tooth stain were evaluated after 1, 3, 6 and 9 months of rinsing with the randomly assigned mouthrinses. Results demonstrated that Listerine antiseptic significantly reduced the development of plaque at 1, 3, 6 and 9 months and the development of gingivitis at 9 months, as compared to its vehicle control or water control. PMID- 3902909 TI - Healing after root reimplantation in the monkey. AB - The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the regenerative potential of the periodontal tissues following tooth reimplantation using a model which excluded the dentogingival epithelium from the process of healing. Maxillary and mandibular incisors, premolars and molars of 5 monkeys were used. Following root filling of all experimental teeth, the teeth were divided into 3 experimental groups. In 1 group, the teeth were extracted following the elevation of full thickness flaps. The crowns were separated from the roots at the level of the buccal cemento-enamel junction and the roots immediately reimplanted into their sockets. The flaps were replaced and sutured to accomplish complete coverage of the roots. In a 2nd group, the teeth were subjected to the same experimental procedure, but in addition, the buccal alveolar bone was removed to about half its original height prior to root reimplantation. The teeth of the 3rd group were subjected to identical experimental procedures as for group II with the addition that the buccal root surfaces were planed to the level of the surgically created bone crest. The animals were sacrificed after 6 months of healing. The jaws were removed and histological specimens prepared for microscopic examination. The results showed that a complete fibrous re-attachment formed onto roots on which the original periodontal ligament tissue was preserved. This occurred irrespective of whether the roots were reimplanted into sockets with normal (group I) or reduced (group II) bone height. When the original periodontal ligament tissue was removed by root planing before reimplantation (group III), healing resulted in a significant amount of new connective tissue attachment. However, coronal to the newly formed fibrous attachment, the root surface frequently showed signs of resorption and particularly so in those roots which remained covered by the soft tissue during the entire course of healing. In the majority of the roots which perforated the covering soft tissue during the early phase of healing, the dentogingival epithelium had migrated apically into contact with the coronally generated fibrous attachment. In these cases, root resorption was never discernible. New bone formation occurred to a variable extent in the roots of groups II-III. No relationship was found, however, between the amount of connective tissue reattachment or new attachment and newly formed alveolar bone, which in turn indicates that bone tissue regrowth and periodontal ligament regeneration are unrelated phenomena. PMID- 3902910 TI - Fluctuations in crevicular and salivary anti-A. viscosus antibody levels in response to treatment of gingivitis. AB - Experimental gingivitis studies support a pathogenic role for Actinomyces viscosus because of its numerical predominance in disease-associated plaques. The aims of the present investigation were to quantify specific crevicular IgG against A. viscosus before and after conventional gingivitis treatment and to determine whether salivary IgA and IgG against A. viscosus and A. naeslundii would be affected concomitantly. 6 subjects with generalized gingivitis were selected. Examinations were made before and after treatment and included collection of unstimulated saliva, paraffin-stimulated saliva and crevicular material as well as measurements of clinical parameters. The immunoglobulins were estimated by an ELISA assay using whole bacterial cells as antigen. Crevicular IgG against A. viscosus WVU 627 was demonstrated in pre- and post-treatment samples with a tendency towards increased values in the post-treatment samples. Salivary IgA and IgG against A. viscosus were also demonstrated in pre- and post treatment samples. There were tendencies towards increased IgA values for paraffin-stimulated saliva and increased IgG values for unstimulated saliva in the post-treatment samples. Salivary IgA and IgG values against A. naeslundii ATCC 12104 were either not detected or barely detectable in both pre- and post treatment samples. A. naeslundii B 74 IgG values were also rather low. As for A. viscosus WVU 627, anti-B 74 IgA values demonstrated a post-treatment increase for most subjects, especially for unstimulated saliva for which all post-treatment values were elevated. It is interesting to note that saliva samples showed changes similar to crevicular material, considering that salivary IgA is most likely derived from a different source. Together, elevated crevicular and salivary antibody concentrations might account for some of the beneficial effects of periodontal therapy by scaling. PMID- 3902911 TI - Nifedipine in the treatment of essential hypertension. AB - The antihypertensive efficacy of nifedipine as a second-step drug in 24 patients, uncontrolled by a diuretic alone, was studied according to a double-blind placebo controlled protocol. A significant blood pressure lowering was observed in nine out of 12 patients receiving the active drug and four out of 12 receiving placebo. Average mean blood pressure decreased by 13 +/- 1 mm Hg in the active drug group versus 5 +/- 3 mm Hg in the placebo group (P less than .02). There were no consistent changes or significant differences in heart rate or in the levels of plasma renin activity and plasma catecholamines between the two groups. In conclusion, nifedipine appears to be a safe and effective antihypertensive agent when used in conjunction with a diuretic for the treatment of moderately severe hypertension. PMID- 3902912 TI - Concomitant therapy with labetalol and hydrochlorothiazide in moderate to moderately severe essential hypertension. AB - Labetalol is a competitive, nonselective antagonist of both beta 1 and beta 2 adrenoceptors. It has been suggested that labetalol reduces blood pressure (BP) predominantly by decreasing peripheral vascular resistance while maintaining cardiac output. We conducted a double-blind, randomized study to assess the antihypertensive effect of labetalol in patients with a standing diastolic blood pressure (SDBP) between 105 and 119 mm Hg. The study consisted of three separate phases in succession. Phase I was a single-blind, placebo washout phase, two to four weeks in length. Those patients with a SDBP greater than or equal to 105 mm Hg at the end of phase I entered phase II, in which they were administered labetalol in a forced titration of 100 mg bid to 400 mg bid. Those with a SDBP less than or equal to 90 mm Hg on the 400 mg bid regimen for two weeks were maintained on labetalol alone (N = 8). Those patients whose BP was not controlled (SDBP greater than or equal to 99 mm Hg, N = 15) were randomized in a double blind fashion to receive either hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) or placebo in addition to labetalol for the next five weeks. Eight of the 15 patients received HCTZ and seven received placebo. The BPs at baseline and at the end of phase II were similar in the two groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3902913 TI - Light and electron microscopic evidence of transneuronal labeling with WGA-HRP to trace somatosensory pathways to the thalamus. AB - Horseradish peroxidase conjugated to wheat-germ lectin is being used with increasing frequency as an anterograde label to trace pathways in the nervous system, owing to the sensitivity of the method and ease of use. However, it has been suggested that horseradish peroxidase conjugated to wheat-germ lectin may be transneuronally transported, thus affecting the ease of interpretation of the results. The present study used the projections of the dorsal column nuclei and spinal cord to the thalamus as a model system to determine whether transneuronal transport could be demonstrated and whether the degree of such transport was related to the size of the injection site. Light microscopic observation of sections incubated with tetramethyl benzidine after large injections (1 microL of a 10% solution of horseradish-peroxidase-conjugated wheat-germ lectin in water) in the dorsal column nuclei demonstrated the presence of labeled neurons in the nucleus reticularis thalami, which is not known to receive afferents from or project to these nuclei. The electron microscopic study, although based upon the use of the chromogen benzidine dihydrochloride, less sensitive than tetramethyl benzidine, revealed the existence of labeled neurons in the thalamic ventrobasal complex. This is unlikely to be due to retrograde labeling and is therefore interpreted as a result of transneuronal, perhaps transsynaptic, transport. Glial and perivascular cells also contained granules of reaction product in some cases. Smaller injections (100 nL) in the dorsal column nuclei, on the other hand, did not produce this apparent transneuronal labeling. After small injections (100 nL) in the spinal cord, anterograde labeling was observed mainly in the thalamic ventrobasal complex in the rat, and in the posterior group in the cat, and the nuclei centralis lateralis and submedius in both species, as has been described in numerous other studies. After large injections, additional labeled areas were observed in the posterior intralaminar region (parafascicular-center median complex), in the medial thalamus (nuclei reuniens, rhomboid and paraventricular), and in the cat, in the ventroposterolateral nucleus. In the rat, experiments were performed in which a kainic acid injection was made to induce neuronal loss in the nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis of the medulla, which is a relay of the spinoreticulothalamic pathway, known to project to some of these thalamic areas.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3902914 TI - Distribution of neuropeptide Y immunoreactivity in the basal forebrain and upper brainstem of the squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus). AB - The distribution of neuropeptide Y (NPY) immunoreactivity in the brain of the squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus) was studied by means of the indirect immunofluorescence, peroxidase-antiperoxidase, and avidin-biotin-complex methods. The antiserum used was raised in rabbits and did not show any significant crossreactivity with related peptides including peptide YY and avian pancreatic polypeptide. In the upper brainstem of the squirrel monkey a dense NPY immunoreactive terminal field is seen in lateral parabrachial area, locus coeruleus, and interpeduncular nucleus. A small group of NPY-immunoreactive cell bodies is present in the lateral habenula and a moderate number of NPY immunoreactive fibers occurs in periaqueductal gray and nucleus raphe pallidus. The substantia nigra (SN) appears mostly devoid of NPY immunoreactivity whereas the ventral tegmental area contains a few reactive fibers. In the hypothalamus the medial preoptic area as well as the arcuate and paraventricular nuclei receive a strikingly dense NPY innervation. In addition, numerous NPY-positive cell bodies are found within the dorsomedial half of the supraoptic nucleus but very few are seen in paraventricular nucleus. A large number of NPY immunoreactive cell bodies is also present in arcuate nucleus. In the basal telencephalon NPY-immunoreactive cells abound mostly in striatum, but some are also found in the amygdala (particularly basal, central, and lateral amygdaloid nuclei), the claustrum, and in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. Intensely reactive network of NPY-immunoreactive fibers is also present in all of these structures. In striatum, the numerous, fine and non-varicose NPY-immunoreactive fibers, as well as the NPY-positive cell bodies, are slightly more abundant in caudate nucleus than in putamen. The globus pallidus (GP) is mostly devoid of NPY immunoreactive fibers and terminals. The fact that the two major recipient structures of striatal outflow (SN and GP) do not receive significant NPY input suggests that the striatal NPY-containing neurons are intrinsically organized. PMID- 3902915 TI - An immunocytochemical study of the development of central serotoninergic neurons in the chick embryo. AB - The development of central serotoninergic neurons in the chick embryo has been investigated immunocytochemically by utilizing an antiserum to serotonin (5-HT). Immunoreactive neurons are first detected in the brainstem on embryonic day 4 (E4, stage 23), days earlier than 5-HT systems have been detected previously by biochemical techniques. The earliest 5-HT-containing cells at E4 appear rostral to the pontine flexure, yet by E5, 5-HT neuronal groups are observed throughout the brainstem from just caudal to the mesencephalic flexure to the cervical flexure. During this and subsequent phases of development, two distinct patterns of cellular migration seem to be involved in the formation of the various 5-HT neuronal groups. One pattern involves a ventral migration of 5-HT cells, which appears dependent upon the directional guidance of midline radial processes (formed by floor plate cells) that extend across the neuroepithelium. The other pattern involves a lateral migration of cells, followed by an aggregation and rearrangement of 5-HT neurons into distinct subgroups or clusters. Through these patterns of migration most components of the 5-HT neuronal system can be recognized as early as E12, with the mature organization of the 5-HT cell groups occurring by E17. One unexpected finding was the comparatively late appearance (between E9 and E12) of 5-HT neurons in the paraventricular organ of the hypothalamus. Thus, in comparison to the initial observation of the majority of brainstem 5-HT neurons at E4 to E5, the hypothalamic 5-HT cells appear after a delay of between 5 and 7 days. Such differences illustrate the fact that neurons sharing a common neurotransmitter phenotype do not necessarily share the same developmental timetable for the expression of that particular phenotype, or they may undergo neurogenesis during considerably different periods of embryogenesis. PMID- 3902916 TI - Intrinsic projections of the retrohippocampal region in the rat brain. I. The subicular complex. AB - The intrahippocampal projections of the subicular complex were studied in the rat with the aid of the anterogradely transported lectin Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (PHA-L). After iontophoretic injections of the lectin into the subiculum proper, presubiculum, or the parasubiculum, axons and terminal processes immunoreactive for PHA-L were traced to their respective terminal fields within the hippocampal region. After subicular injections PHA-L-stained axons could be followed both in a caudal and a rostral direction. The caudally directed fibers course around or within the angular bundle to enter layers VI and V of the medial entorhinal area (MEA). Many fibers penetrate through these layers to terminate in layer IV of the medial and the lateral entorhinal area, which contains a major terminal field of this projection. At more ventral levels, all layers of the entorhinal area are innervated by cells located in the subiculum. Other retrohippocampal projections of the subiculum proper include the deep and the outer two layers of the presubiculum and the medial sector of the parasubiculum, in addition to a massive projection which terminates in the retrosplenial cortex. The rostrally directed projections from the subiculum form a dense innervation of strata lacunosum, radiatum, oriens, and of individual pyramidal cells in the regio superior of the Ammon's horn. All these projections of the subiculum are exclusively ipsilateral. After injections of PHA-L into layers II and III of the presubiculum, both ipsi- and contralateral projections were traced to the outer three layers of the medial entorhinal area; the lateral entorhinal area apparently receives no innervation from the presubiculum. The innervation of layer III is very dense while in layer II and deep layer I, restricted zones of innervation are found. The fibers reach these layers via the deep layers of the MEA and through the molecular layer after first coursing around the parasubiculum. In addition, a minor projection from the presubiculum to the pyramidal cell layer of the subiculum and to the molecular layer of the hippocampal formation was found. PHA-L injections into the parasubiculum labeled fibers that form a dense innervation of layer II in the MEA and the medial part of the lateral EA, and of the most medial sector of layer III in the MEA. Layer I and the superficial part of layer II of the contralateral MEA also contain a dense terminal network after PHA-L injections into the parasubiculum.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3902917 TI - Isolation and characterization of the Lyme disease spirochete from the skin of patients with erythema chronicum migrans. AB - The Lyme disease spirochete, which had previously been isolated with difficulty from human skin lesions of erythema chronicum migrans of Lyme disease, was grown from six of fourteen skin biopsies cultured in a newly modified Kelly's medium. In two instances the Lyme disease spirochetes that were grown were also seen in histopathologic sections. Organisms grew in clumps in liquid culture medium. All six isolates reacted with a monoclonal antibody to a 31,000-dalton outer membrane protein. Only three of six reacted to a monoclonal antibody to a 34,000-dalton outer membrane protein, suggesting that different subtypes of this organism may infect man. Penicillin, erythromycin, and minocycline were bactericidal agents to all six spirochetes. These in vitro findings may be helpful in determining specific antibiotic treatment of Lyme disease, which was previously based primarily on clinical observations. PMID- 3902918 TI - HLA and genetic predisposition to lupus erythematosus and other dermatologic disorders. AB - Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) associations with different clinical and serologic subsets of lupus erythematosus are providing important clues to genetic predisposition and pathogenesis. The evolving complexity of the HLA-D region is described, and currently recognized HLA-region associations with systemic lupus erythematosus, subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus, homozygous C2-deficient lupus, Sjogren's syndrome, and the neonatal lupus syndrome are reviewed. The striking relationship between the Ro/SSA-La/SSB antibody responses and HLA-DR2 and DR3 are emphasized. Other dermatologic conditions associated with HLA are also noted. PMID- 3902919 TI - Applicability of high-dose chemotherapy with autologous marrow transplantation for malignant melanoma. PMID- 3902920 TI - Obstructive jaundice due to multiple myeloma of the pancreatic head: CT evaluation. AB - Extraskeletal spread of multiple myeloma is common and may cause jaundice due to hepatic infiltration. Less commonly, involvement of the pancreas may cause obstructive jaundice. We present a patient with multiple myeloma who became jaundiced. Computed tomography revealed an obstructing pancreatic mass. Aspiration biopsy yielded clumps of atypical plasma cells. The mass and the patient's jaundice responded satisfactorily to local radiation treatment. PMID- 3902921 TI - Iliac bone marrow harvesting: CT appearance. PMID- 3902922 TI - Sclerosing dermatoses. PMID- 3902923 TI - Benign cutaneous lymphoid infiltrates. PMID- 3902924 TI - Henry W. Menn, M.D. 1938-1985. PMID- 3902925 TI - H, peanut lectin receptor, and carcinoembryonic antigen distribution in keratoacanthomas, squamous dysplasias, and carcinomas of skin. AB - The distribution of blood group antigen H(O), peanut lectin receptor (PNL-R) (a precursor to the MN blood group antigens), and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was examined in 15 squamous cell carcinomas, 10 keratoacanthomas, 17 squamous dysplasias, and 5 normal controls using immunoperoxidase techniques. All controls and 8 carcinomas, 10 keratoacanthomas, 14 dysplasias expressed H antigen. All controls and 9 carcinomas, 10 keratoacanthomas, 16 dysplasias expressed PNL-R antigen. CEA was present in 15 carcinomas, in trace amounts in 3 keratoacanthomas, in 6 dysplasias, and in 0 controls. The staining for H antigen and PNL-R in the carcinomas and dysplasias was disorganized, patchy, and less than that of normal epithelium, while staining in keratoacanthomas was uniform, with normal to increased intensity as compared to controls in 9 cases. CEA showed weak focal staining in 5 carcinomas, 8 dysplasias and 3 keratoacanthomas, and more intense and extensive cytoplasmic and membrane staining in 10 carcinomas and 5 dysplasias, and no cellular staining in 4 dysplasias and 7 keratoacanthomas. CEA was present in greatest amounts in the well-differentiated carcinomas and focal in the less-differentiated tumors. The well-differentiated carcinomas had a greater percentage of cells staining for H antigen and PNL-R. The pattern of staining for H, PNL-R, and CEA appears to distinguish keratoacanthomas from carcinomas and squamous dysplasias, and may be a useful adjunct to diagnosis. PMID- 3902926 TI - Reduced epidermal Langerhans cell densities in patients with pulmonary malignancies do not correlate with anergy or nutritional status. AB - Epidermal Langerhans cell (ELC) densities are markedly reduced in a number of clinical situations including anergic sarcoidosis patients. To help determine whether this reduction is related to the anergic or nutritional status of the patient, we examined the non-sun-exposed epidermis of 23 hospitalized patients with various malignancies (MP), 10 hospitalized control (HC) patients without malignancy, and 24 biopsies from historical control (HIC) patients. There was no significant difference in the density of HLA-DR+ ELC among HC, HIC, or patients with nonpulmonary malignancy (primary or metastatic). Six patients with pulmonary malignancy had significantly fewer HLA-DR+ and OKT6+ epidermal cells. The reason ELC densities are reduced specifically in pulmonary malignancies remains under study. PMID- 3902927 TI - The indeterminate cell proliferative disorder: report of a case manifesting as an unusual cutaneous histiocytosis. AB - A patient with an unusual, distinctive cutaneous histiocytosis is described. Extensive morphologic, antigenic, and enzymatic studies indicate that this histiocytosis represents a proliferative disorder of cutaneous indeterminate cells. Features that distinguish this disorder from other histiocytoses are discussed. PMID- 3902928 TI - Neurotropic malignant melanoma: a novel treatment approach combining modified microscopically controlled surgery and S100 immunohistochemical staining. AB - Treatment of neurotropic malignant melanoma of the nasal ala combining microscopically controlled surgery and examination of formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissue cut in the horizontal plane followed by S100 immunohistochemical staining is described. The spindle-shaped cells were strongly S100 positive and detection of the melanoma cells, which were embedded in a dense collagenous stroma and infiltrating into the neurovascular spaces, was greatly accentuated by the S100 immunohistochemical stain. The coordinated skills of the dermatologic surgeon, dermatopathologist, and plastic surgeon contributed toward the best treatment for neurotropic melanoma in this patient. PMID- 3902929 TI - Genetic method for the separation of males and females of the house fly, Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae). PMID- 3902930 TI - Advanced psychiatric nursing education in Britain. AB - This paper examines the British provision for advanced education in psychiatric nursing. Information was derived from a review of the literature, personal contacts with nurse educationalists, and an undergraduate project supervized by the author. After operationally defining advanced education, the paper describes courses at pre- and post-registration levels. These include degree, diploma, clinical, educational and managerial courses. The psychiatric component of nursing degree courses is also considered. Current provision is critically discussed and compared with similar courses for general nurses and educational provision abroad. The paper analyses how and why the current situation has occurred and the effects of current provision on psychiatric nursing practice. The paper concludes with proposals for future developments. These include recommendations for higher education based courses and consideration of a single register of nurses. PMID- 3902931 TI - A treasury of dentistry. PMID- 3902932 TI - The Presidents. Charles Raymond Wells 1943-1944. PMID- 3902933 TI - Restorative dentistry and total oral health: advances in tissue management. PMID- 3902934 TI - Dentistry on stamps. PMID- 3902935 TI - Influence of chronic ethanol consumption on the metabolism and action of vitamin D. PMID- 3902936 TI - Immunoblotting and related techniques. PMID- 3902937 TI - Quantitative assays of pharmacologic aerosols used in studying asthma. AB - To more nearly accurately quantitate the dose of pharmacologic agents delivered to human and animal airways via aerosols, we have developed a monodisperse aerosol containing either methacholine or histamine that permits a light scattering device (tyndallometry) to measure accurately the quantity of inspired and expired particles. These aerosols (described in previous studies) are simultaneously tagged with a radioactive label (technetium 99m) to permit the use of external gamma camera imaging. Present work focuses on the development of assay techniques to measure the quantity of methacholine delivered in these aerosols. The lack of specific radioimmune or radioenzyme assays coupled with the cross-reaction of organic contaminants with conventional chemical reagents for measuring methacholine required the development of separative techniques to isolate the methacholine from the organic aerosol contaminants. With aqueous extraction and column separation we have been able to completely isolate the methacholine from these contaminants. This allows the application of standard spectrophotometric assays for methacholine to quantitate the methacholine in the resulting solution. These separative techniques will permit the use of these aerosols in quantitative studies of airway reactivity. PMID- 3902938 TI - The effect of age on methacholine response. AB - Bronchial reactivity to inhaled methacholine exists in subjects with asthma but may occur in subjects with allergic rhinitis, chronic lung diseases, and during respiratory infections. In the absence of these factors, we found that age also has a significant effect on the methacholine response. One hundred forty-eight subjects, 5 to 76 years of age, were studied as normal control subjects in a natural history of asthma study. The methacholine response was measured by standard techniques. The analysis demonstrated that age had a significant effect on the methacholine response. In addition to known factors influencing the results of methacholine inhalation, young and older subjects may exhibit bronchial responses that may falsely suggest hyperreactive airway disease. PMID- 3902939 TI - Ocular allergy. PMID- 3902940 TI - Late-phase reactions: observations on pathogenesis and prevention. PMID- 3902941 TI - The effect of inspiratory flow rate regulation on nebulizer output and on human airway response to methacholine aerosol. AB - Increased inspiratory flow rate has been demonstrated to decrease pulmonary deposition of inhaled aerosols. To study the effect of inspiratory flow rate regulation on the physiologic response to an active substance administered by aerosol, we compared the effect of high unregulated flow rate (66 to 212 L/min) with regulated low flow rate (20 to 35 L/min) on nebulizer output and on the pulmonary response to methacholine in patients with asthma. Four No. 646 DeVilbiss nebulizers were used in sequence with a nebulization dosimeter to deliver tenfold incremental concentrations of methacholine aerosol (mass median aerodynamic diameter = 1.52 micron; geometric standard deviation = 1.96) ranging from 0.025 to 25 mg/ml. When flow was unregulated, nebulizer output was not greater than when flow was regulated, but coefficients of variation of output were significantly greater (p less than 0.01). The PD20 on the two unregulated days was significantly different (p = 0.01), whereas the PD20 on the two flow regulated days was not significantly different (p greater than 0.05). We conclude that regulation of inspiratory flow rate at rates within the range of tidal breathing significantly decreases variability in nebulizer output and variation of pulmonary responses to methacholine challenge. PMID- 3902942 TI - Growth hormone, body composition, and aging. PMID- 3902943 TI - Excretion of 3-hydroxy-benzo(a)pyrene and mutagenicity in rat urine after exposure to benzo(a)pyrene. AB - 3-hydroxy-benzo(a)pyrene (3-OH-B(a)P) and mutagenic activity in rat urine were determined after the oral administration of benzo(a)pyrene given in three repeated doses of 10, 20 and 50 mumol kg-1. The procedure for the determination of 3-OH-B(a)P consisted of enzymic hydrolysis, separation and HPLC-analysis. The mutagenic activity of concentrated urine samples was assayed with the Salmonella typhimurium strain TA98 in the presence of S9 mix and beta-glucuronidase. The urinary excretion of 3-OH-B(a)P and mutagens showed a correlation and both increased dose-dependently during the sampling period of 6 days. Data indicated that 3-OH-B(a)P can be regarded as a reliable representative of all urinary (pre) mutagens derived from benzo(a)pyrene and exposure of rats to benzo(a)pyrene could be detected with greater sensitivity by the HPLC assay of 3-OH-B(a)P than with the non-specific mutagenicity assay. PMID- 3902944 TI - The effect of paraquat on the mutagenicity of benzo(a)pyrene. AB - Elevated activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) were detected in histidine requiring strains of Salmonella typhimurium after the bacteria were preincubated for 1 h at 37 degrees C with S-9 mix and paraquat (methylviologen, PQ2+) at 10( 4) M. A fivefold increase in SOD level was found for strains TA 98 and TA 100. These elevated levels of SOD activity were correlated with a significant reduction of the mutagenicity of metabolically activated benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P) in these tester bacteria when evaluated in a preincubation assay system. A 69.0 92.5% and 23.5-66.9% reduction was noticed when 0.5-4.0 micrograms per plate of B(a)P was used in TA 98 and TA 100, respectively. However, exogenous superoxide dismutase at 10-100 micrograms ml-1 added to top agar had no significant effect on the number of revertants produced by activated B(a)P. These data indicate a major role of intracellular superoxide anion in promoting mutagenicity of B(a)P. PMID- 3902945 TI - Craniofacial dysmorphology. Studies in honor of Samuel Pruzansky. PMID- 3902946 TI - Sam Pruzansky as I remember him. PMID- 3902947 TI - Samuel Pruzansky and the Center for Craniofacial Anomalies. AB - The professional career of Samuel Pruzansky was intimately related to the development and success of the world's first Center for Craniofacial Anomalies (CCFA) at the University of Illinois-Chicago. Pruzansky conceived of the idea, officiated at the birth, and presided over the growth of this Center. PMID- 3902948 TI - Experimental teratological studies with the mouse CNS mutations cranioschisis and delayed splotch. AB - Teratological experiments were made with a recessive mouse gene (cranioschisis) causing exencephaly and a semidominant gene (delayed splotch) causing spina bifida. In studies with the cranioschisis gene administration of warfarin and thyroxine resulted in frequencies of exencephaly significantly below that expected of a recessive trait, perhaps indicating selective elimination of abnormal conceptuses. Studies with the delayed splotch gene tested the hypothesis that offspring with a hereditary defect of neural-tube closure have other, unexpressed CNS defects, which may be elicited by teratological impulses. This proposition was decisively upheld by administering 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine, cadmium sulfate and retinoic acid, as these treatments all caused significantly greater frequencies of induced exencephaly in offspring with spina bifida than in their genetically normal littermates. PMID- 3902949 TI - Samuel Pruzansky 1920-1984. Background, achievements, and reminiscences. PMID- 3902950 TI - [Postoperative astigmatism]. PMID- 3902951 TI - Liver biopsy today. The Royal Free Hospital experience. AB - Experience of needle liver biopsy at the Royal Free Hospital London between 1960 and 1983 has been reviewed with regard to selection of patients, techniques, complications and indications. PMID- 3902952 TI - Hepatic sinusoidal dilatation with portal hypertension during azathioprine treatment after kidney transplantation. AB - An unusual hepatic disease developed in 3 patients with a well-functioning kidney graft 16-24 months after transplantation. Vague abdominal pain, increased bleeding tendency and edema were initial complaints, and hepato- or splenomegaly and ascites were found as well. Liver function tests were not or only mildly disturbed; hemolysis and pancytopenia were always present. Colloid uptake was absent at liver scintigraphy and the hepatic venous wedge pressure was increased. Esophageal varices were demonstrated. Liver biopsy showed extensive midzonal and pericentral sinusoidal dilatation. After discontinuation of azathioprine the symptoms and the extent of sinusoidal dilatation disappeared gradually, but after 1-3 years fibrosis or micronodular cirrhosis had developed and splenomegaly with hypersplenism remained. These observations strongly suggest an association between chronic use of azathioprine and the development of venous congestion of the liver with sinusoidal dilatation, eventually resulting in chronic liver disease. PMID- 3902953 TI - Drugs and the ageing liver. PMID- 3902954 TI - Discrepancies between cholecystography and ultrasonography in the detection of recurrent gallstones. AB - As part of the British Gallstone Study Group's multi-centre post-dissolution trial of different treatment regimes designed to prevent recurrence after complete gallstone dissolution, the frequency of concordance and discordance between oral cholecystography (OCG) and ultrasonography (U/S), and between repeat U/S studies, in diagnosing recurrent stones was recorded. Before entering the trial, all patients had had complete gallstone dissolution, confirmed by 2 normal OCGs 3 months apart during continued bile acid treatment; and all but three had also had at least 1 normal U/S examination of the gallbladder. During 6-24 months follow-up, from a total of 129 U/S examinations, gallstone recurrence was detected on 25 occasions (19 definite and 6 probable) in 14 patients, and from a total of 71 OCGs, recurrent stones were detected on 11 occasions in 10 patients. All the presumed recurrences developed in the absence of symptoms. On 67 occasions, the OCG and U/S studies were performed within 8 weeks of each other and of these, there was discordance in 15 (22%). On 11 occasions (6 patients), ultrasound suggested recurrent stones despite a normal OCG whilst on 4 occasions (4 patients) stones diagnosed on OCG were not confirmed by ultrasound. Of the 25 instances of U/S recurrence, a further U/S examination was performed on 17 occasions in 11 patients which failed to confirm the initial findings on 8 occasions (7 patients). After 1 year's follow-up, the predicted recurrence rates (pooled data from all 3 treatment groups), as calculated by life table analysis, were 29.3 +/- 7.1%, when the diagnosis was based on 1 U/S; 15.4 +/- 5.8% on 1 OCG; 14.9 +/- 5.6% on 2 successive U/S studies, and 8.1 +/- 4.5% on 1 U/S plus 1 OCG. At 24 months, the corresponding values were 37.2 +/- 8.3, 31.5 +/- 8.6, 18.3 +/- 6.3, and 22.4 +/- 8.6%. These results show that following complete gallstone dissolution by bile acid treatment, there is both intra- and inter-technique variation in the detection of recurrent stones. PMID- 3902955 TI - The effects of diabetes and insulin on glycoprotein metabolism by rat liver. AB - The hepatic metabolism of [125I]agalactoorosomucoid [( 125I]AGOR) was studied in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The blood clearance, hepatic transport time and rate of catabolism of [125I]AGOR were calculated from data of the blood [125I]AGOR disappearance rates and the appearance in blood of acid soluble catabolites. In control rats the blood clearance of [125I]AGOR was rapid (8.7 +/- 0.6 ml/min) and the hepatic transport time of the ligand was 12.8 +/- 0.7 min. Insulin prolonged the hepatic transport time (18.1 +/- 1.9 min) and depressed ligand catabolism. Chloroquine had similar effects. Diabetes impaired hepatic [125I]AGOR uptake as judged by the prolonged blood clearance rate and depressed ligand catabolism but did not alter ligand transport time. The measured parameters returned to normal when diabetic animals were rendered acutely normoglycaemic. Diabetic rats, in which implanted osmotic insulin pumps had maintained normoglycaemia for 3 days, cleared [125I]-AGOR from the blood more rapidly than controls. This effect appeared to be due to the lower blood glucose levels in this group. The experiments have shown the complexity of the effects of insulin and diabetes mellitus on the uptake and processing of a glycoprotein by the hepatic mannose receptor. PMID- 3902956 TI - Total and renal sympathetic nervous system activity in alcoholic cirrhosis. AB - Basal sympathetic nervous system activity was assessed in 8 unmedicated patients with alcoholic cirrhosis using a previously developed radiotracer method for measuring total and renal noradrenaline release to, and clearance from, plasma. Compared to the control group total noradrenaline clearance was significantly increased in the patients with advanced alcoholic cirrhosis (Pugh grade C) [1.89 +/- 0.13 vs 1.51 +/- 0.11 l/min, P less than 0.05) indicating that endogenous plasma noradrenaline levels underestimate total sympathetic nervous system activity in these patients. Renal noradrenaline clearance was similar to controls independent of the severity of the liver disease. Both total and renal noradrenaline release were significantly increased in the patients with cirrhosis. The ratio of renal to total noradrenaline release was similar in cirrhotic (26 +/- 7%) and control (23 +/- 5%) groups. Increased arterial plasma adrenaline levels, indicative of adrenal medullary stimulation, were also evident in the patients with cirrhosis and correlated significantly with total noradrenaline spillover (r = 0.732, P less than 0.05). These results strongly suggest that in patients with cirrhosis, rather than a preferential increase in renal sympathetic tone, the increase is part of a pattern of generalized sympathoadrenomedullary activation. Although renal renin secretion was significantly increased in the cirrhotic group no correlation with renal noradrenaline release was seen (r = 0.199), raising the possibility that in cirrhosis renal sympathetic tone is not a major determinant of renal renin secretion. Finally, renal noradrenaline release did not correlate with renal blood or plasma flow but an influence of the sympathetic nervous system on renal function was suggested by the correlation observed between total noradrenaline spillover and impaired salt (r = -0.683, P less than 0.05) and water excretion (r = -0.702, P less than 0.05) demonstrated in the cirrhotic patients. PMID- 3902957 TI - External bile drainage--the state of the art. PMID- 3902958 TI - What is cholestasis in 1985? AB - Bile secretion involves a number of specific transport systems in the hepatocytes. These are located at the baso-lateral membrane (bile acid/sodium co transport, sodium/proton exchange), intracellularly or at the canalicular membrane (bile acid secretory carrier, bicarbonate transport system). In addition, the paracellular (tight junction) pathway allows passage of inorganic ions and waters. Cholestasis may result from an alteration of these transport systems (hepatocellular cholestasis), from obstruction of intrahepatic bile ducts or obstruction of extrahepatic bile ducts. The main proposed mechanisms of hepatocellular cholestasis are reviewed. PMID- 3902959 TI - More about Mendel's experiments: where is the bias? PMID- 3902960 TI - Inheritance of melanocytic tumors in Duroc swine. AB - Phenotypes, with respect to cutaneous melanocytic lesions, of 37 Duroc swine from five matings were analyzed prospectively. No evidence for a recessive or X-linked trait was found. Larger numbers of animals will have to be studied to determine whether the presence of these tumors is a multifactorial or autosomal dominantly transmitted trait. PMID- 3902961 TI - Continuously available lidocaine measurements. Their impact on coronary care in a community hospital. PMID- 3902962 TI - Demonstration of myoglobin and CK-M in myocardium. Comparison of five fixation methods and three immunohistochemical techniques. AB - The results of immunohistochemical staining vary depending on the tissue, fixative, antigen-antibody system, and immunohistochemical staining methods used. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of different methods of fixation, different antigen-antibody systems, and different immunohistochemical methods on immunohistochemical staining of myocardium. Samples of normal fresh canine myocardium from six dogs were fresh frozen and fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin, Bouin's, Bayley's and Carnoy's fixatives. Immunohistochemical staining for myoglobin and creatine kinase M was performed using the ABC (avidin biotin complex) and indirect peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) techniques. Tissues fixed in formalin showed the most intense specific staining for both antigens with the least background and nonspecific staining. All other fixation methods and frozen section techniques gave a more variable degree of specific positive staining and substantial background staining and/or nonspecific staining. ABC and PAP techniques gave similar results with both antigen-antibody systems and with each fixation method. Thus, no differences in specificity or sensitivity were observed between ABC and PAP techniques. Differences in staining intensity and pattern were related primarily to differences in fixation methods. PMID- 3902963 TI - A new fixative for the preservation of actin filaments: fixation of pure actin filament pellets. AB - Conventional fixation for thin-section microscopy is insufficient to preserve many elements of cells and tissues. Actin filaments, for example, are destroyed during post-fixation in OsO4. In our search for a better fixative, we chose pellets of pure actin filaments as a very sensitive model system. In the present study, the potential of amines for improving aldehyde fixation was explored, and the results were compared to those obtained with the use of tannic acid. Aldehyde and amine were used together as an initial fixative, followed by aldehyde alone with postfixation in 1% OsO4 in buffer at 4 degrees C for 15 min, uranyl acetate en bloc stain, acetone dehydration, and embedding in Epox 812. Some primary monoamines improved the preservation of filaments; filaments were not broken beyond recognition by OsO4, as occurs when glutaraldehyde alone is used. Excellent preservation was seen when certain primary diamines were used. The quality of this fixation was superior to that obtained with tannic acid and was without the large increase in filament diameter that is seen with concentrations of tannic acid sufficient to protect filaments against osmium damage. The effects on filaments of the amines lysine, putrescine, ammonium, and arginine have been documented in detail, as we systematically varied all the major parameters normally considered in formulating fixation protocols. PMID- 3902965 TI - Use of fluorescence flow cytometry to study the binding of various ligands to platelets. AB - Fluorescence flow cytometry can be used to analyze the binding of different ligands to platelets. However careful choice of volume gates is essential in selecting the population of platelets for analysis. The use of fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugated to staphylococcal protein A or F(ab')2 fragments of immunoglobulin G anti-immunoglobulin offers no advantage in sensitivity or specificity in fluorescence studies of platelets and prefixation of washed platelets with paraformaldehyde has no effect on nonspecific fluorescence. The application of this technology to platelets facilitates quantitation of fluorescence intensity and may yield additional useful information. PMID- 3902964 TI - Internalization and delivery to lysosomes of hydrazide horseradish peroxidase, a covalent membrane probe. AB - Hydrazide horseradish peroxidase, (hydHRP), a hydrazide derivative of the common cytochemical tracer HRP, was covalently coupled to the surface of periodate treated Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and used to study the distribution and internalization of plasma membrane glycoconjugates. The Schiff-base coupling of hydHRP to the cell surface at 4 degrees C had little effect on cell viability. After coupling, cells were washed at 4 degrees C and the subcellular distribution of hydHRP was determined immediately or after incubation at 37 degrees C. Within 1 hr, hydHRP was observed to cap over pseudopodal-like extensions and then accumulate over a 2.5 h period in a punctate to perinuclear staining pattern over the cell body. By electron microscopy, the pseudopodal-like regions were found to be areas of extensive cell surface invaginations, rich in microfilaments. HydHRP internalized over a 2.5 to 18 hr period was observed in smooth vesicles resembling pinosomes/endosomes, multivesicular bodies (lysosomes), and small perinuclear vesicles. Little, if any, hydHRP activity was detected in association with elements of Golgi apparatus. By cell fractionation in 10% Percoll gradients, hydHRP was found to have accumulated in prelysosomal endocytic vesicles and lysosomes. For cells that were first surface labeled with 125I at 4 degrees C and then conjugated with hydHRP, little, if any, cotransport of the 125I label with hydHRP was observed. Over the entire capping and internalization period, most hydHRP activity remained membrane associated. Overall, these results indicate that the dominant intracellular transport route for a covalent membrane probe, hydHRP glycoconjugate, is similar if not identical to that previously reported for the solute probe native HRP (16) in CHO cells. HydHRP internalization provides further evidence for the independent sorting of proteins in endocytic transport. PMID- 3902966 TI - Chicago Bi-Ways: an informal history. PMID- 3902967 TI - A bibliography on bisexuality. PMID- 3902968 TI - Nitrocellulose-based assays for the detection of glycolipids and other antigens: mechanism of binding to nitrocellulose. AB - A variety of simple and rapid assays for the detection of glycolipids by direct binding to nitrocellulose or binding to antibody-coated nitrocellulose, and probing with monoclonal antibodies are described. These include dot-blotting, charge shift electrophoresis and electroblotting. It is shown that the direct binding of the Leishmania major glycolipid to nitrocellulose is dependent on its lipid moiety, indicating that the mechanism of binding is probably via hydrophobic interactions. However, the L. major glycolipid from which the lipid moiety has been removed can still be detected by blotting onto nitrocellulose precoated with a monoclonal antibody directed to a carbohydrate epitope. The general approach of blotting onto antibody-coated nitrocellulose thus extends the usefulness of these techniques to cases in which the antigen to be detected does not bind directly to nitrocellulose. PMID- 3902969 TI - Solid-phase sandwich enzyme immunoassays of human chorionic gonadotropin using monoclonal antibodies. AB - A two-site sandwich enzyme immunoassay for human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) employing monoclonal antibodies directed against beta- and alpha-subunits is described. Monoclonal anti-beta-hCG antibody was used for coating microtitration plates and monoclonal anti-alpha-hCG antibody labelled with 1 of the 3 enzymes namely horseradish peroxidase, alkaline phosphatase or beta-galactosidase was used as tracer. The assay is able to detect up to 1 ng hCG/ml. No significant difference was observed with respect to sensitivity and range of assay with the 3 enzymes. The assay can be performed as a 'two-step' assay or reduced to a 'one step' procedure with a linear relationship between absorbance and hormone concentration up to 31.25 ng hCG/ml. Beyond these concentrations an inflection of the dose curve was observed. This can, however, be avoided by increasing the concentration of antibody-enzyme conjugate. A higher sensitivity enabling detection up to 0.25 ng hCG/ml was attained in the sandwich enzyme immunoassay with the use of biotin-avidin interface. The hCG values obtained on 47 human urine samples either by the 'one-step' or 'two-step' procedure were similar with a correlation coefficient of 0.996. Results obtained by 'two-step' sandwich enzyme immunoassay on 22 human urine samples correlated well (r = 0.968) with the values obtained by radioimmunoassay. PMID- 3902970 TI - An enzyme immunoassay for the detection of staphylococcal protein A in affinity purified products. AB - Rabbit antiserum, specific for protein A from Staphylococcus aureus, was conjugated to alkaline phosphatase and used in a double antibody solid-phase enzyme immunoassay. The assay was developed to monitor eluate from a large-scale protein A-Sepharose affinity column used to purify monoclonal antibodies for human clinical trials. The assay detected soluble protein A in the presence of immunoglobulin at concentrations as low as 4 ng/ml. Analysis of the product purified by affinity chromatography revealed the presence of protein A at ng/ml concentrations. The assay developed here can provide a reliable and convenient method for detecting soluble protein A. PMID- 3902971 TI - A simultaneous flow cytometric assay for c-myc oncoprotein and DNA in nuclei from paraffin embedded material. AB - A simultaneous flow cytometric assay for the c-myc oncoprotein and DNA in nuclei extracted from archival paraffin wax embedded clinical biopsies is presented. The nuclei were extracted by pepsin digestion after dewaxing 20 micron sections. The c-myc oncoprotein was probed with a mouse monoclonal antibody. This was raised against a synthetic peptide corresponding to a hydrophilic region of the protein predicted from the amino acid sequence. The technique is illustrated with biopsies from patients with testicular cancer and with benign and malignant neoplasms of the colon. PMID- 3902972 TI - Quantitation of antibody isotypes in solid-phase assays. Comparison of myeloma protein and monoisotypic antibody standards. AB - Two methods have been proposed for the standardization of isotype specific antibody assays. In one, myeloma proteins directly attached to plastic surfaces are used as standards, whereas the other method employs antigen coated surfaces followed by monoisotypic antibodies as standards. These standardization methodologies have been investigated by submitting 4 monoisotypic human antibodies to a solid-phase assay standardized by the myeloma method. Specific antibody concentrations of each were determined so that each could serve as a monoisotypic standard. Three purified monoclonal mouse antibodies were also tested which allowed use of the same preparation as a monoisotypic antibody standard or as a 'myeloma protein' standard. Ten times more myeloma protein than specific antibody is needed for the same level of binding of the anti-isotype antibody. Therefore, assays standardized with myeloma proteins give erroneously high concentrations for sample antibodies. The same concentration of antibodies of different specificities (used with different antigen coats) gave very comparable levels of binding of the labeled antibody. This supports the claim that for quantitation of antibodies an antibody standard can be used that is of different specificity to the sample antibody to be measured. PMID- 3902973 TI - A competitive solid-phase radioimmunoassay for quantitation of the major allergen of Parietaria pollen. AB - A competitive solid-phase radioimmunoassay has been developed for quantitation of the major allergen of Parietaria judaica pollen. The assay is based on: (1) the ability of AC/1.1 monoclonal antibody to bind specifically to the P. judaica major allergen, and (2) the ability of crude pollen extracts or purified allergen to inhibit the binding of 125I-labelled allergen to solid-phase-bound AC/1.1 monoclonal antibody. The assay is sensitive enough to detect as little as 10 ng of allergen. A good correlation is found when the results obtained are compared with those produced by RAST inhibition (r = 0.95; P less than 0.001). Thus, this method can also be used for the estimation of the allergenic activity of P. judaica pollen extracts. The assay is easily completed in 2 h, allowing simultaneous analysis of a number of extracts. PMID- 3902974 TI - Enzyme amplification can enhance both the speed and the sensitivity of immunoassays. AB - Enzyme immunoassays (EIA) are now used for the quantitation of a wide range of clinically important analytes and have, in many cases, replaced radioimmunoassays, though without improving on the sensitivity of the latter technique. We describe a general enzyme-amplification method which can be used to increase both the speed and the sensitivity of EIA. In this method, the enzyme label is used to catalyse the dephosphorylation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+); the NAD+ so formed then catalytically activates an NAD+-specific redox cycle, yielding an intensely coloured formazan dye. The application of this new enzyme detection method has made possible an assay for human thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) with a sensitivity of 1 X 10(-5) IU/1 and a progesterone assay which takes only 15 min to complete. PMID- 3902975 TI - A new conjugate for the ELISA quantitation of porcine IgA. AB - The preparation of a new soluble immune complex conjugate (anti-IgA-IgA peroxidase), suitable for use in the ELISA technique is described. This conjugate requires pure IgA and specific anti-IgA, but the enzyme (peroxidase) was easily conjugated to the IgA. PMID- 3902976 TI - Immunofluorescent technique for the detection of monoclonal internal image anti idiotypic antibodies of hepatitis B surface antigen. AB - Monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies to HBsAg were screened by immunofluorescence for the presence of a subset behaving as the internal image of the original antigen. We describe the technique and the criteria fulfilled to establish that 2/6 monoclonals studied act as the internal images of the a determinant of hepatitis B surface antigen. PMID- 3902977 TI - An immunochemical method for fingerprinting Clostridium difficile. AB - The use of sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in association with electrophoretic transfer of proteins to nitrocellulose and subsequent probing with antisera appears useful as a method for fingerprinting Clostridium difficile. Thorough testing of the stability of the antigenic nature of isolates of the organism during subculture and antigen preparation has shown it to be remarkably stable both in vitro and in vivo. Minor differences in the method of antigen extraction do not markedly alter the immunoblot patterns produced. It has also been demonstrated that an individual may harbour more than one strain of the organism at any one time. Results show the possible usefulness of this technique in studying the epidemiology of diarrhoeal disease known to be associated with C. difficile. It is suggested that for any serious study several colonies should be subcultured from the primary isolation plate. PMID- 3902978 TI - A triple antibody assay for the quantitation of plasma IgG subclass antibodies to acetylcholine receptors in patients with myasthenia gravis. AB - Monoclonal anti-human IgG subclass antibodies have been used in an immunoprecipitation assay for the determination of anti-acetylcholine receptor IgG subclasses in plasma from patients with myasthenia gravis. Solubilized acetylcholine receptors labelled with 125I-alpha-bungarotoxin were incubated with patient plasma. Monoclonal mouse antibodies to human IgG subclasses 1-4 were added to the incubation and finally precipitated with anti-mouse IgG antibody. A maximal IgG subclass precipitation of 62-76% was determined with 125I-labelled myeloma IgG subclasses 1-4 added to normal human plasma. The anti-IgG subclass antibodies were added in excess which ensured that the precipitation of IgG2, IgG3 or IgG4 were unchanged, and that of IgG1 was only reduced by 17%, when the plasma IgG concentration was increased by a factor of two. The anti-IgG subclass antibodies were highly specific for their complementary subclasses. Determination of the IgG subclass of the anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies from 8 patients with myasthenia gravis showed that IgG1 and IgG3 antibodies are predominant. This may support the hypothesis that complement mediated lysis of the neuromuscular end-plate plays a pathogenetic role in myasthenia gravis. PMID- 3902979 TI - A novel semi-automated technique for measuring inhibition of intracellular mycobacterial growth by macrophage activating factor. AB - We have developed a rapid, in vitro method for measuring T lymphocyte-derived macrophage activating factor (MAF) which inhibits the proliferation of Mycobacterium microti within macrophages. This MAF may be important in the control of mycobacterial disease in vivo. Because MAFs are a heterogeneous group of factors with different activities there is a need for assays which are relevant to specific macrophage effector functions. The existing assays for MAFs which are relevant to killing or inhibition of replication of mycobacteria within macrophages are currently too cumbersome or time consuming for the large scale screening required for their detection and purification. In our assay, monolayers of mouse macrophages were infected with the murine pathogen M. microti and were cultured for 6 days with MAF or control medium. The intracellular bacteria were stained with auramine-O and were quantified using epifluorescence microscopy with television image analysis. Total assay time was one-seventh that of viable count methods, and image analysis estimates of bacterial loads are quicker and more objective than visual counts. PMID- 3902980 TI - Quantitation of circulating immune complexes in human serum by the Raji cell and F(ab')2 anti-C3 micro enzyme immunoassays. AB - Two micro enzyme immunoassays (microEIA) for circulating immune complexes (CICs) are described. The Raji cell microEIA was similar in sensitivity, reproducibility and specificity to the Raji radioimmunoassay. The F(ab')2 anti-C3 microEIA was comparable to the 2 Raji cell assays. The 2 microEIAs for CICs were used to analyze sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and from hemophiliacs with AIDS-like symptoms. The microEIAs were very sensitive in detecting CICs in pathologic sera. In contrast, only 3% of normals (n = 30) were positive in the Raji microEIA while none were positive in the F(ab')2 anti-C3 microEIA. The initial high positivity of some normals (9/30) in the F(ab')2 microEIA was due to bovine serum albumin (BSA)-anti-BSA immune complex formation in vitro and was corrected when human albumin was used in buffer preparation instead of BSA. The reagents required for the microEIAs are more stable and less expensive than those required for the RIAs and the need for facilities to deal with 125-labeling and disposal is avoided. PMID- 3902981 TI - An evaluation of the use of a pH indicator for the detection of beta-lactamase in enzyme immunoassay. AB - The use of a mixed pH indicator containing bromocresol purple and bromothymol blue was evaluated for the detection of beta-lactamase activity in enzyme immunoassays (EIA) based on this enzyme. The EIA was found to correlate well with a bioassay for antibodies to tetanus toxoid in sheep sera. Results could be read spectrophotometrically at 450 nm or visually as a colour change from dark blue to yellow. The mixed pH indicator was found to have a number of desirable features including good stability, ease of preparation and a sharp colour change which makes the system suitable for visual determination of titration end points. PMID- 3902982 TI - Infantile cortical hyperostosis. PMID- 3902983 TI - Early neonatal group B streptococcal disease: degree of colonisation as an important determinant. AB - During a period of 5 years (1 January 1977 to 1 January 1982) 145 infants colonised with group B streptococci (GBS) were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of the University Children's Hospital, Utrecht. In 87 of these infants (60%) vertical transmission of GBS was established; in 43 of these 87 infants (49%) the degree of colonisation was moderate to heavy. Early-onset (EO) GBS disease arose in 21 of 145 infants (attack rate: 14.5%). Of the 43 infants moderately to heavily colonised with GBS, however, 19 suffered from EO GBS disease (attack rate: 44.2%), whereas there were only two cases among the 44, lightly colonised infants (attack rate: 4.5%), a highly significant difference (P less than 0.0005). Similarly, probable sepsis (PS), defined as signs and symptoms of sepsis but without positive blood cultures, was observed significantly more often in moderately to heavily colonised infants (15/43, attack rate: 34.9%) compared with those lightly colonised (4/44, attack rate: 9.1%) (P less than 0.005). Infants moderately to heavily colonised with GBS at birth appear to have a significantly higher risk of developing serious GBS disease (EO or PS) than do infants only lightly colonised. PMID- 3902984 TI - An outbreak of food-borne enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli diarrhoea in England. AB - An outbreak of diarrhoea with abdominal pain occurred among members of the staff of a school and their guests after a social function at which a cold buffet was served. Sixty people attended the function and 43 subsequently completed questionnaires. Of these, 27 had diarrhoea. The median incubation period was 36 h and the range 12-66 h. Food history analysis showed an association between diarrhoea and eating curried turkey mayonnaise. Stool specimens from 13 of those who developed diarrhoea were examined: Escherichia coli 06.H16 (producing heat stable and heat-labile enterotoxins) was found in nine specimens and E. coli 027.H20 (producing heat-stable enterotoxin) in 11 specimens. Eight patients had both strains and only one was negative for enterotoxigenic E. coli. Food samples were not available for examination. Enterotoxigenic E. coli should be considered as a possible cause in well-defined outbreaks of food-borne diarrhoea with abdominal pain. PMID- 3902985 TI - Why bother with arboviruses? PMID- 3902986 TI - Activation of the alternative pathway of complement by skin immune deposits. AB - Skin immune deposits at the basement membrane zone have been demonstrated by functional assays to activate complement. This important biologic function has not yet been explored for immune deposits present in other locations mainly because many cytoplasmic structures in the skin have the capacity to activate the complement cascade by the classical pathway. In this study the capacity of immune deposits to activate directly the alternative pathway was examined using a functional guinea pig C3 binding test. This test was devised so as to avoid complement activation by normal cutaneous structures, thus it did not examine the capacity of immune reactants to activate the classical pathway. The main findings were that alternative pathway activation could be demonstrated only when human C3 deposits were seen by direct immunofluorescence, but not all C3 deposits were found to activate the alternative pathway; such activation was restricted to vascular deposits; the phlogistic potential of the immune deposits correlated with serologic evidence of ongoing immune reactions, i.e., hypocomplementemia and circulating immune complexes. It is suggested that this test provides data on one aspect of the phlogistic potential of skin immune deposits not detectable by direct immunofluorescence. PMID- 3902987 TI - Effects of antifungal agents on ergosterol biosynthesis in Candida albicans and Trichophyton mentagrophytes: differential inhibitory sites of naphthiomate and miconazole. AB - The effects of naphthiomate and miconazole showing ergosterol biosynthesis inhibition on Candida albicans and Trichophyton mentagrophytes were investigated by measuring [14C]acetate incorporation into sterols and its precursors. Naphthiomate, like allylamine compounds, was found to interfere with fungal ergosterol biosynthesis by preventing the conversion of squalene into squalene epoxide which is mediated by squalene epoxidase. This metabolic inhibition resulted in a considerable decrease of ergosterol with a corresponding increase of squalene, which is more distinct in T. mentagrophytes than in C. albicans. This indicates that naphthiomate blocks the utilization of squalene by inhibition of squalene epoxidation; unlike N-substituted imidazole, miconazole has been known to inhibit ergosterol formation by inhibiting C14-demethylation. In addition, it is of interest to note that miconazole causes a great accumulation of lanosterol in C. albicans cells, while in T. mentagrophytes cells there was instead a drastic increase of 24-methylenedihydrolanosterol but not lanosterol. The results obtained from this study indicate that repression of ergosterol synthesis by naphthiomate and miconazole is due to inhibition of squalene epoxidation for the former and C14-demethylation for the latter. PMID- 3902988 TI - A specific inhibitor of keratinolytic proteinase from Candida albicans could inhibit the cell growth of C. albicans. AB - The authors investigated the influence of culture medium pH and various kinds of protease inhibitors on the growth of Candida albicans when cultivated in liquid medium containing human stratum corneum (HSC) as the nitrogen source. Rapid growth of C. albicans was observed with weakly acidic media, particularly at pH 4.0. From among the various kinds of protease inhibitors added to the media at pH 4.0, pepstatin, a carboxyl protease inhibitor, most strongly inhibited the growth of C. albicans dependent upon its concentration. The antifungal effect of pepstatin was not fungicidal, but was nevertheless effective even at a very low concentration of 0.01 microgram/ml. This inhibitory effect of pepstatin was considerably stronger than that of the well-known antifungal agent, clotrimazole. Pepstatin is a specific inhibitor of keratinolytic proteinase (KPase) from C. albicans; it belongs to the carboxyl proteinases group and has an optimum pH at 4.0. Pepstatin showed a strong antifungal effect, possibly through KPase inhibition, in biologic (HSC) medium that was similar to that encountered in vivo. Our results suggest that KPase may play an important role in the growth of C. albicans and that pepstatin has the possibility of being used as a new type of antifungal agent. PMID- 3902989 TI - Effect of some antibiotics and chemotherapeutics on Trypanosoma lewisi infection in albino rats. PMID- 3902990 TI - [Present status and problems of myocardial protection during open heart surgery]. PMID- 3902991 TI - [The technic of esophageal anastomosis]. PMID- 3902992 TI - [Correction of total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage]. PMID- 3902993 TI - [Intraoperative observation of coronary artery using cross-sectional echography and its application to coronary artery surgery]. PMID- 3902994 TI - [Studies on the measurement of extravascular lung water in patients undergoing open heart surgery]. PMID- 3902995 TI - [Extravascular lung water in patients following mitral valve surgery]. PMID- 3902996 TI - [Carina resection--a statistical nation-wide report of 103 resected cases in Japan]. PMID- 3902997 TI - [Recent advances in protein sequence analysis]. PMID- 3902998 TI - [HLA antigen on the trophoblast of normal pregnancy]. AB - The mechanism of fetal survival as a semiallograft in the uterus remains to be clarified. In this context, the expression of HLA antigen on the trophoblast which stands between the mother and the fetus is the main problem, because HLA antigen plays an important role in immunological reaction to an allograft. For this purpose, 41 pregnant uteri (6-18 weeks of gestation) were examined immunohistochemically (avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method) using monoclonal antibodies to HLA antigens. Troma 1, a rat monoclonal antibody, was used as a trophoblast marker in immunohistochemical studies. The results were as follows: HLA-A,B,C is not expressed on syncytiotrophoblast and villous cytotrophoblast. HLA-A,B,C is expressed on nonvillous cytotrophoblast which exists in cytotrophoblastic cell column, cytotrophoblastic shell, and endometrium. HLA-DR is not expressed on any trophoblast. The absence of HLA antigen on syncytiotrophoblast and villous cytotrophoblast seems to be essential for the survival of the fetus. But it is proved that some trophoblasts express HLA-A,B,C on their cell surface and they are adjacent to endometrial cells or maternal blood. From these findings, it seems that fetal HLA antigen might be recognized by the mother and there might be an exquisite immune escape mechanism in decidua. PMID- 3902999 TI - [The clinical significance of OFA-I in the immunological rejection mechanism in trophoblasts]. AB - Oncofetal Antigen-I is a membrane antigen of melanoma cells that cross-reacts with human fetal brain tissues. In this paper, from the point of view of fetal antigen, we investigated the immune response of pregnant women and the role of OFA-I in pregnancy. The results obtained are as follows. A higher prevalence of anti-OFA-I with the IA method was obtained in sera from pregnant women (50% in the 1st, 48% in 2nd and 55% in 3rd trimester). The prevalence of anti-OFA-I with the IA method was 78% (21/27) in total hydatidiform mole, 80% (8/10) in invasive mole and 86% (28/32) in choriocarcinoma patients. OFA-I was not detected in thirteen normal trophoblasts and five total mole ones by means of the IA absorption assay. With the indirect immunofluorescence method, OFA-I was found in 40% of incomplete abortions (4/10) and 28% of inevitable ones (5/18) but not found in normal trophoblasts (0/5). Specific fluorescence of OFA-I was found mainly in the syncytiotrophoblast. From these findings, we are tempted to conclude that OFA-I is not expressed on normal trophoblasts but expressed on aborted ones and that OFA-I may induce a rejection reaction in vivo to the trophoblast cells of the immunological front in aborted pregnancy. PMID- 3903000 TI - [Clinical studies on the effect of sodium arginate on radiation esophagitis and proctitis]. PMID- 3903001 TI - [Chronic gastritis]. PMID- 3903002 TI - [Educational lecture on the present status of research of tumor markers]. PMID- 3903003 TI - [A case of solitary splenic abscess with splenic infarction]. PMID- 3903004 TI - [Morgagni's syndrome. A case report with endocrinological studies]. PMID- 3903005 TI - [The etched surface of the repeatedly cast base metal dental alloy]. PMID- 3903006 TI - [Marginal fit of collarless metal-ceramic crowns: scanning electron microscopy study]. PMID- 3903007 TI - [Marginal fit of metal-ceramic restorations]. PMID- 3903008 TI - [A case report of Angle's Class III malocclusion]. PMID- 3903009 TI - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for identification and measurement of antibodies to group A streptococcal bacteriophage. AB - A sensitive enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) was developed to identify and measure antibodies to group A streptococcal bacteriophage hyaluronidase. With a purified preparation of bacteriophage hyaluronidase as the solid-phase antigen, the ELISA was shown to be as specific as and more sensitive than the standard bacteriophage neutralization test for measurement of antibody to bacteriophage. In rabbits immunized with bacteriophage, the ELISA detected antibody earlier than the neutralization assay (7 vs. 11 days) and was able to distinguish IgG and IgM class antibodies. A strong correlation was demonstrated between antibody titers measured by ELISA and bacteriophage neutralization (r = 0.88; P less than 0.001). Preliminary data using the ELISA, modified to measure human antibody to bacteriophage hyaluronidase, indicated that an antibody response of both IgG and IgM classes occurred in humans after group A streptococcal infection. This ELISA provided a sensitive method for detection and measurement of antibody to a specific bacteriophage antigen, which will be useful in the investigation of the role of bacteriophage in the pathogenesis of group A streptococcal infections. PMID- 3903010 TI - Influence of plasma renin content, intrarenal angiotensin II, captopril, and calcium channel blockers on the vasoconstriction and renin release promoted by adenosine in the kidney. AB - Our study was undertaken to assess whether the effect of intrarenal infusion of adenosine on renal blood flow and renin release in dogs is modified by the degree of stimulation of the intrarenal renin-angiotensin system. This system was modified by sodium deprivation, extracellular volume expansion, beta-adrenergic blockade and stimulation, angiotensin II infusion, and inhibition of converting enzyme by captopril. In addition, the effect of blocking slow calcium channels with verapamil on the vasoconstrictor effect of adenosine was also studied. Results demonstrate that the vasoconstrictor effect of adenosine was not modified by the status of stimulation or inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system or by the status of expansion of the extracellular volume. In all cases adenosine inhibited the renal secretion of renin. Verapamil abolished the vascular actions of adenosine, but it had no effect on the inhibition of renin release. We conclude that plasma renin or angiotensin II levels are not a necessary determinant of the renal vasoconstriction induced by adenosine. This effect seems to be mediated by the entry of calcium into the cell. PMID- 3903011 TI - Effects of low-protein diet on experimental diabetic nephropathy in the rat. AB - To evaluate the role of glomerular hyperfiltration in the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy, we performed clearance and histopathologic studies in 24 rats with streptozocin-induced diabetes after 3 months of diets with different protein compositions. Calcium phosphate was added to an 8% protein diet in group I (nine rats), and calcium carbonate to a 24% protein diet in group II (nine rats) to equalize calcium and phosphate contents in these diets. Group I and II rats also received small doses of insulin to reduce the excessive hyperglycemia induced by the high sucrose content of the diets. In group III, six rats given an 8% protein diet, no calcium, phosphate, or insulin was added. In groups I and III, low dietary protein significantly reduced glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow per gram of kidney weight as compared with rates observed in group II rats with a higher protein intake. Features of diabetic glomerulopathy including mesangial hypercellularity and mesangial matrix expansion were also significantly milder in the groups with a low protein diet. On the other hand, medullary calcification and interstitial changes were most prominent in group I, given calcium phosphate supplement; the increase in the kidney weight was greater in groups I and II, which received insulin, than in group III, which did not. It was concluded that low protein diet significantly ameliorates diabetic glomerulopathy but that supplementation with inorganic phosphate in an amount equal to organic phosphate contained in the higher protein diet causes medullary calcification and interstitial nephritis. Also, administration of suboptimal doses of insulin in diabetic animals greatly enhances renal growth, more than that induced by diabetes alone. PMID- 3903012 TI - Causes of glue ear. An historical review of theories and evidence. AB - Over the past one hundred years medical views on the cause of glue ear have frequently changed. The medical literature was reviewed to see if these changes reflected advances in the level of scientific support for different causes. This revealed that only a few of the many proposed causes command any scientific support. An explanation for the changing pattern of views on the aetiology of glue ear was therefore sought by considering secular changes in medical knowledge and belief in general. This suggested that the views held on the cause of glue ear at any given time are influenced and largely determined by the prevailing knowledge and beliefs of medicine as a whole. This phenomenon is not peculiar to glue ear--though conditions about which there is considerable uncertainty are probably more susceptible to such influences. PMID- 3903013 TI - The use of dexamethasone in pediatric bronchoscopy. AB - The beneficial effect of intravenous corticosteroids in preventing traumatic laryngeal edema is controversial. Between 1968 and 1971, a controlled clinical study was conducted, at the American University of Beirut Medical Center, of 70 children who underwent bronchoscopy for removal of foreign bodies from the tracheobronchial tree. The patients were divided into two randomized groups; one group was given intravenous dexamethasone while the second was kept as a control. The length of hospitalization and the development of complications attributable to tracheobronchial edema were compared. Intravenous corticosteroids do not seem to reduce the incidence of post-bronchoscopy laryngeal edema. PMID- 3903014 TI - The reconstruction of anterior residual bone defects in patients with cleft lip, alveolus and palate. A review. AB - A re-evaluation is presented more than a decade after the 1973 review by Koberg of bone grafting in cleft palate. The various indications for, and aims of the procedure, are enumerated. The optimal age for grafting is discussed as well as operative procedures. Results of a few more detailed studies are included in the review. In the conclusion the present shifts of emphasis are mentioned: An in depth analytical study of numerical comparisons between the many studies covering this subject is hardly appropriate. Initially, primary and early secondary osteoplasties became very popular, thereafter late secondary or tertiary osteoplasty found general favour. At present a clear trend exists to operate at a younger age again: secondary osteoplasty being performed at 6-12 years of age. However, in a number of cleft centres primary osteoplasty remains in favour. The overall results of the different procedures appears to continue to improve, though the ideal solutions are still not exactly known, nor generally agreed upon. For the time being, a good overall result should be obtained in more than 80% of cases, complete failures should not be seen in more than 5% of a series. Autogenous bone appears to be by far the best graft material. Disagreement exists on the viability of autogenous bone from different donor sites. Periodontal criteria and parameters are used more frequently in a number of recent publications for assessment of the results of the different procedures. Osteoplasty has a relatively high chance of success, especially in the younger age groups. In most institutions, however, too early an age at operation is considered to cause disturbance in growth and development of the middle third of the face. Nevertheless, in this respect operative technique and/or orthodontic treatment seem to play an important role. PMID- 3903015 TI - Treatment of unilateral ankylosis of the temporo-mandibular joint when a class II skeletal relationship exists. AB - If, in a case of ankylosis of the temporo-mandibular joint, a class II skeletal relationship exists, advancement of the mandible into a class I skeletal relationship should be an integral part of the treatment plan. The advantages are: better aesthetics (especially the appearance of the chin), more efficient action of the suprahyoid muscles (mouth openers), diminished contact of the angle of the jaw with the sterno-cleido-mastoid muscle, increased distance of the lower incisors from the axis of rotation of the mandible (resulting in increased incisal distance at the same rotational angle) and the possibility of correction of the sometimes traumatic occlusion against the palatal mucosa all in the same session. The method advocated in unilateral cases is the insertion of a costo chondral graft on the affected side and a lengthening osteotomy on the opposite side with fixation into a class I skeletal relationship initially disregarding the incisal relationship. PMID- 3903016 TI - [Evaluation of the effectiveness of medical treatment of intermittent claudication]. AB - The effectiveness of drugs to improve the walking distance in intermittent claudication patients is looked into five points: pathophysiology, drugs, methodology of clinical trials, sample survey among the members of the hemodynamic section of the French College of Vascular Diseases and biometric aspects. Finally, some important points of a clinical trial in this field are presented. PMID- 3903017 TI - [Statistical analysis of a file of angiologic data on a micro- computer. Discriminant analysis of occlusive impedance rheoplethysmography data]. AB - The statistical analysis by multidimensional analysis of the data of a computerized file should lead to the improvement of the quality of the examinations. A discriminant analysis of the data of occlusive impedance rheoplethysmography allows a global analysis of all of the indices, by taking into account both their absolute values and their relative values. This results in a better compromise between the sensitivity and the specificity. The graphic representation gives an immediate conclusion and allows the functional outcome to be monitored. PMID- 3903018 TI - [Tissue identification of carotid lesions using ultrasound]. AB - Technical progress in echotomography has made it possible to identify a number of structures within the atheromatous lesion itself. Such echotomographic data were compared with peroperative findings and histology of the endarterectomy specimen in the context of carotid pathology. Appearances were differentiated in terms of the density and homogeneity of the echos obtained. Heterogeneous and relatively undense lesion corresponded in the majority of cases with moveable intraluminal matter or intraplaque hematomas. False negatives were due in one case to technical impossibility (calcifications) and in one case to multiple ulcerations. Regular and homogeneous appearances corresponded to fibrous plaques, rich in collagen and free of potential emboligenic material. Preoperatively, echotomography may be used to assess the histological characteristics of a plaque with a high degree of sensitivity and good specificity. This new approach may help in the choice of treatment and will improve knowledge of the natural history of carotid lesions necessary for the study of preventive treatment, in particular in asymptomatic patients. PMID- 3903019 TI - [Venous ultrasound in current angiology practice]. AB - From a 3,000 patients study, estimation of venous system by B-mode Imaging coupled with directional Doppler velocimetry is reported. Concordance in 85% of correlations between ultrasonic venography and conventional phlebography for deep vein calf thrombosis is promising. Real time venous echography provides reliable diagnosis with simple, repetitive and non-invasive control of deep veins system. Significant visualization of superficial veins system provides for non-occlusive disease or thrombotic lesions a new approach and eventual enlargement of surgical indications. PMID- 3903021 TI - Kelfiprim. A new sulfa-trimethoprim combination in urinary tract infections. PMID- 3903020 TI - Cetraxate and antacid in the treatment of gastric ulcer. A controlled clinical trial. PMID- 3903022 TI - Clinical efficacy and safety of a new oxacephem, moxalactam, in serious bacterial infections. PMID- 3903024 TI - Microleakage of retrograde amalgams. PMID- 3903023 TI - Comparison of apical leakage in teeth obturated with a calcium phosphate cement or Grossman's cement using lateral condensation. PMID- 3903025 TI - Fibronectin tetrapeptide is target for syphilis spirochete cytadherence. AB - The syphilis bacterium, Treponema pallidum, parasitizes host cells through recognition of fibronectin (Fn) on cell surfaces. The active site of the Fn molecule has been identified as a four-amino acid sequence, arg-gly-asp-ser (RGDS), located on each monomer of the cell-binding domain. The synthetic heptapeptide gly-arg-gly-asp-ser-pro-cys (GRGDSPC), with the active site sequence RGDS, specifically competed with 125I-labeled cell-binding domain acquisition by T. pallidum. Additionally, the same heptapeptide with the RGDS sequence diminished treponemal attachment to HEp-2 and HT1080 cell monolayers. Related heptapeptides altered in one key amino acid within the RGDS sequence failed to inhibit Fn cell-binding domain acquisition or parasitism of host cells by T. pallidum. The data support the view that T. pallidum cytadherence of host cells is through recognition of the RGDS sequence also important for eukaryotic cell-Fn binding. PMID- 3903026 TI - Influenza virus subtype-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes lyse target cells coated with a protein produced in E. coli. AB - We have tested the ability of the c13 protein, which is a hybrid protein of the first 81 amino acids of the viral nonstructural protein (NS1) and the HA2 subunit of viral hemagglutination produced in E. coli, to render target cells susceptible to the lytic activity of influenza virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). The results showed that P815 cells coated with c13 protein were lysed by PR8 virus-induced secondary CTL derived from BALB/c mice. Cold-target inhibition tests clearly demonstrated that c13 protein-coated P815 cells were recognized by an H1 subtype-specific CTL population. Furthermore, PR8 virus-induced CTL derived from C3H mice did not lyse c13 protein-coated P815 cells, suggesting that c13 protein was recognized by CTL in conjunction with H-2d products. These findings suggest that this protein interacts with the cellular plasma membrane and makes target cells recognizable by H-2-restricted, influenza virus subtype-specific CTL. PMID- 3903027 TI - [Horseradish peroxidase: kinetic studies and optimization of peroxidase activity determination using the substrates H2O2 and 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine]. AB - Horseradish peroxidase is often used as a labelling and indicator enzyme in enzyme immunoassays. In order to optimize the peroxidase activity determination, the kinetics of the catalytic reaction were investigated in relation to the concentration of H2O2 and 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine, at different pH values, reaction temperatures and incubation times. On the basis of the results, a test procedure is presented, which enables the quantitative determination of peroxidase in the range 0-200 ng/l. In addition, methods are described for the determination of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine and H2O2. PMID- 3903028 TI - Teaching first trimester uterine sizing. PMID- 3903029 TI - Teaching a core curriculum in rural family practice preceptorships using microcomputers. PMID- 3903030 TI - Studies on the mechanisms of neurulation in the chick: interrelationship of contractile proteins, microfilaments, and the shape of neuroepithelial cells. AB - Electron microscopy and indirect immunofluorescence were employed to correlate the distribution patterns of major contractile proteins (actin and myosin) with 1) the organizational state of microfilaments, 2) the apical cell surface topography, 3) the shape of the neuroepithelial cells, and 4) the degree of bending of the neuroepithelium during neurulation in chick embryos at Hamburger and Hamilton stages 5-10 of development. Both actin and myosin are present at these developmental stages and colocalize in the neural plate as well as in later phases of neurulation. During elevation of neural folds, actin- and myosin specific fluorescence is always most intense in regions where the greatest degree of bending of the neuroepithelium takes place [e.g., the midline of the V-shaped neuroepithelium (early neural fold stage) and the midlateral walls of the "C" shaped neuroepithelium (mid-neural-fold stage)]. This intense fluorescence coincides with 1) a particularly dense packing of microfilaments and 2) highly constricted cell apices. After neural folds make contact, there is an overall reduction in both the intensity of apical fluorescence and the thickness of apical microfilament bundles, especially in the roof and floor of the neural tube. The remaining fluorescence in the contact area is apparently related to cellular movements during fusion of neural folds. PMID- 3903031 TI - Seasonal variations in hair pigmentation of white-tailed deer and their relationship to sexual activity and plasma testosterone. AB - Intensity of hair pigmentation of dorsal scrotum, nose, cheek and forehead areas of seven mature, male white-tailed deer were determined from close-up colour slides taken once a month during a 2-year period. Blood samples and skin biopsies from forehead areas were taken at the same time as the photographs. Plasma testosterone (T) levels were measured by radioimmunoassay and T in the skin was investigated by immunohistology. Seasonal variations of hair pigmentation are most pronounced in the forehead region followed by the cheek, scrotum, and nose area. Peak blood levels of T (15.4 ng/ml) were detected in November. The highest correlation between T levels and pigmentation of the forehead area (R = 93%; R2 = 0.87), was established when pigmentation values were shifted two months ahead. Immunohistologically detectable T was localized in hair follicles, hair sheets and apocrine glands but not in the sebaceous glands. It is hypothesized that pigmentation of head regions might serve as a visual cue indicating the sexual status of an individual. PMID- 3903032 TI - Steroid and thyroid hormone profiles following a single injection of partly purified salmon gonadotropin or GnRH analogues in male and female sea lamprey. AB - The effects of exogenous administration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogues or of a partly purified salmon gonadotropin extract (GTH) on the duration of steroid and thyroid hormone levels were determined in female and male sea lampreys, Petromyzon marinus, tested under differing temperature and reproductive status. Plasma estradiol levels, but not androgens, were significantly elevated in response to the GnRH analogues or GTH injection compared to controls in female and male lampreys. Higher temperature and/or advance in time of maturation appeared to be inversely related to plasma estradiol levels. These data provide further evidence of hypothalamic control over reproductive function in lampreys. Plasma thyroxine was significantly elevated after female lampreys were treated with GTH, GnRHa (10 micrograms/lamprey) or GnRHa (1 microgram/lamprey) compared to controls. The present study is the first to demonstrate that the GnRH analogue stimulated in some way the pituitary-thyroid axis. These data suggest that a GnRH activity may activate both gonado- and thyrotropic secretion or that the endogenous hormone may itself have both functions in one of the most primitive vertebrates, the sea lamprey. PMID- 3903033 TI - Prehistoric syphilis in Florida. PMID- 3903034 TI - Indigent care: salvage the system or continue its carnage? PMID- 3903035 TI - [Diagnosis of splenic artery aneurysm by Doppler and real-time sonography--2 case reports]. PMID- 3903036 TI - Suppression of muscle contraction by vanadate. Mechanical and ligand binding studies on glycerol-extracted rabbit fibers. AB - The suppression of tension development by orthovanadate (Vi) was studied in mechanical experiments and by measuring the binding of radioactive Vi and nucleotides to glycerol-extracted rabbit muscle fibers. During active contractions, Vi bound to the cross-bridges and suppressed tension with an apparent second-order rate constant of 1.34 X 10(3) M-1s-1. The half-saturation concentration for tension suppression was 94 microM Vi. The incubation of fibers in Vi relaxing or rigor solutions prior to initiation of active contractions had little effect on the initial rise of active tension. The addition of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and Vi to fibers in rigor did not cause relaxation. Suppression of tension only developed during cross-bridge cycling. After slow relaxation from rigor in 1 mM Vi and low (50 microM) MgATP concentration (0 Ca2+), radioactive Vi and ADP were trapped within the fiber. This finding indicated the formation of a stable myosin X ADP X Vi complex, as has been reported in biochemical experiments with isolated myosin. Vi and ADP trapped within the fibers were released only by subsequent cross-bridge attachment. Vi and ADP were preferentially trapped under conditions of cross-bridge cycling in the presence of ATP rather than in relaxed fibers or in rigor with ADP. These results indicate that in the normal cross bridge cycle, inorganic phosphate (Pi) is released from actomyosin before ADP. The resulting actomyosin X ADP intermediate can bind Vi and Pi. This intermediate probably supports force. Vi behaves as a close analogue of Pi in muscle fibers, as it does with isolated actomyosin. PMID- 3903037 TI - Kinetics of utilization of organic substrates by Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides in a salts solution: a flow-microcalorimetric study. AB - The metabolism of various organic substrates by suspensions of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides in a salts solution was followed by microcalorimetry. Enthalpy changes associated with metabolism were in good agreement with theoretical values. Substrate utilization showed Michaelis kinetics, allowing saturation constants (Km) and maximum specific rates of substrate utilization (Vmax) to be determined. In cells grown on a complex medium containing glucose, Km values were: glucose, fructose, N-acetylglucosamine, glycerol and pyruvate, less than 5 microM; lactate, 20 microM; glucosamine, 130 microns, and mannose, 1 mM. Values of Vmax for glycerol, pyruvate and lactate were similar and approximately twice those for glucose, mannose, glucosamine and N acetylglucosamine; Vmax for fructose was one-quarter of that for glucose. In cells grown on complex medium in which glucose was replaced by mannose, glucosamine or N-acetylglucosamine, Vmax and Km for the respective growth sugars and for glucose were not significantly affected. However, in cells grown in the presence of fructose, Vmax for fructose increased to the value observed for glucose. It is suggested that M. mycoides is adapted to, and is constitutive for, the utilization of a single sugar (glucose), and a single amino sugar (N acetylglucosamine), but that in the presence of fructose a fructose-utilizing pathway is induced. PMID- 3903038 TI - Effect of tunicamycin on germ tube and yeast bud formation in Candida albicans. AB - Tunicamycin is an antimicrobial agent which inhibits the first reaction of the dolichol pathway leading to N-glycosylation of proteins. The effect of tunicamycin on the growth of the dimorphic fungus Candida albicans differed depending on the growth phase of the organism. Addition of tunicamycin to stationary phase yeast cells inhibited the resumption of growth of those cells in either morphology, as cultures failed to initiate either yeast bud or germ tube formation. When tunicamycin was added to growing cells, growth was inhibited but not immediately. When it was added to germ tube cultures, nuclear division and septum formation continued for some time before ceasing. Addition of the drug to exponential phase yeast cultures resulted in an approximately 45% increase in cell number before cell division ceased and yeast accumulated in both budded and unbudded stages of the cell cycle. Accumulation of trichloroacetic acid precipitable radiolabelled protein and nucleic acid continued unchanged for some time following addition of tunicamycin; however, after a while a reduced rate of accumulation was noted. PMID- 3903039 TI - The free lipids of Mycobacterium leprae harvested from experimentally infected nine-banded armadillos. AB - The free lipids of a sample of Mycobacterium leprae were extracted by a procedure designed to produce separate non-polar and polar fractions. The composition of these lipids was analysed semi-quantitatively by five special thin-layer chromatographic systems covering the total range of mycobacterial lipid polarities. In order of increasing polarity, the major lipids were dimycocerosates of phthiocerol A, phthiocerol B and phthiodiolone A, glycosyl phenolphthiocerol dimycocerosates and phospholipids, including monoacylphosphatidylinositol di- and pentamannosides. The diacylated forms of these latter lipids, found in most mycobacteria, were not present. The composition of the free lipids of the leprosy bacillus, surveyed over the total polarity range for the first time, showed that the patterns were particularly related to those of Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium kansasii and Mycobacterium marinum. PMID- 3903040 TI - Quantitative comparison of the mycolic and fatty acid compositions of Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium gordonae. AB - The mycolic and fatty acids of three samples each of Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium gordonae were compared. Acids released by whole-organism alkaline hydrolysis were converted to 4-nitrobenzyl esters and mycolic acids were further derivatized to t-butyldimethylsilyl ethers. Thin-layer chromatography of the derivatized long-chain extracts showed that all three M. leprae preparations contained so-called alpha-mycolates and ketomycolates but that the M. gordonae samples had a methoxymycolate in addition to the above types. Silica gel normal phase high-performance liquid chromatography of the total mycolic acid derivatives confirmed the lack of detectable amounts of methoxymycolates in M. leprae and reverse-phase chromatography of the individual mycolate types demonstrated the homogeneity of the chain lengths of the mycolic acids in each species. Non-hydroxylated fatty acid 4-nitrobenzyl esters were transformed to methyl esters and examined by gas chromatography. Tuberculostearic (10 methyloctadecanoic) acid was a major component of the lipids of all three M. leprae preparations but it was absent in one M. gordonae strain and a very minor component in the other representatives of this latter species. On the basis of fatty and mycolic acid compositions, therefore, a previously suggested close relationship between M. leprae and M. gordonae was not supported. PMID- 3903041 TI - Identification of a new locus in the Escherichia coli cotransduction gap that represents a new genetic component of the L-asparagine utilization system. AB - A temperature-sensitive Escherichia coli mutant defective for the ability to utilize L-asparagine as a sole nitrogen source was isolated after N-methyl-N' nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine mutagenesis. The mutation (asu) produces two distinct phenotypic effects. Mutant strains grow poorly at high temperature on minimal plates containing asparagine as the sole nitrogen source; this effect is greatly exacerbated by the presence of methionine. Mutant strains utilize L-asparagine as a nitrogen source three to four times more efficiently at permissive temperatures than the wild-type strains. The mutation maps at 32.4 min on the E. coli chromosome, within the E. coli cotransduction gap. Mutant strains produce normal amounts of thermo-stable L-asparaginase I activity. The mutation therefore affects a component of the asparagine utilization system other than the catabolism of asparagine within the cell; it probably affects asparagine uptake. PMID- 3903042 TI - Transduction complicates the detection of conjugative ability in lysogenic salmonella strains. AB - When lysogenic salmonella strains were examined for conjugative ability in tri parental crosses, false positive results were sometimes obtained because phage carried by the lysogenic strains multiplied on the intermediate salmonella recipient strain and then transduced its streptomycin/sulphonamide resistance plasmid to the final salmonella recipient strain. Back transfer of the plasmid to the lysogenic strains was also detected. PMID- 3903043 TI - Genetic analysis of Candida albicans morphological mutants. AB - In contrast to some other strains, Candida albicans 1001 gave rise, upon UV irradiation, to mutants displaying a 'rough colony' morphology associated with a permanent alteration in morphogenesis which determined growth of the cells mostly as pseudohyphae. One of these mutants, C. albicans 1001FR, could form sectored (rough/smooth) colonies spontaneously, and with increasing frequency by treatment with mild UV doses (32-64 microJ mm-2). Rough sectors corresponded to stable 'rough-filamentous' strains which never segregated smooth strains. On the other hand, smooth sectors consisted mainly of yeast cells which could occasionally revert to a rough-filamentous phenotype. We suggest that C. albicans 1001 is heterozygous for some gene involved in the control of morphogenesis, and that the described mutants should be of help in the characterization of the genetic control of dimorphism in C. albicans. PMID- 3903044 TI - Construction of a mutant of Escherichia coli that has deletions of both the penicillin-binding protein 5 and 6 genes. AB - A mutant of Escherichia coli has been constructed with deletions of the genes encoding penicillin-binding protein 5 (dacA) and penicillin-binding protein 6 (dacC). The construction of this mutant establishes that the complete loss of the two most abundant species of penicillin-binding proteins can be tolerated by E. coli. Moreover, the double deletion mutant had the same growth rate and morphology as an isogenic dacA+ dacC+ strain. PMID- 3903045 TI - Lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus. PMID- 3903046 TI - Infection of cultured human muscle cells by influenza virus. AB - In a search for myotropic viruses with a potential to initiate muscle autoimmunity, we found that two strains of influenza A virus, A/England/863/78 (H3N2) and the reassortant virus X-47 (H3N2), could infect human syncytial myotubes lytically. The X-47 strain could, in addition, infect unicellular precursor myoblasts. Intracellular viral protein synthesis was demonstrated by pulse-labelling studies in both cell types with both virus strains. By immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy, viral antigens were demonstrated in infected muscle cells specifically identified by double staining with monoclonal antibodies to either of two independent muscle-specific antigens. However, using 'co-capping' techniques in conjunction with electron microscopy, there was no evidence of association between viral haemagglutinin and the acetylcholine receptor (one major target of autoimmunity to muscle cells) on the infected cell membrane. PMID- 3903047 TI - [Echo-anatomy of the fetal brain. Morphological markers of development. Significance in the detection of malformations]. AB - Some morphological markers and their modifications throughout pregnancy mark out the brain development stages. They can be reached to antenatal real-time ultrasound examinations. They form reference marks for the echographic images of fetal brain anatomy in utero. Their knowledge allows to explicit the conditions of brain malformations screening. PMID- 3903048 TI - [Correlations between pregnancy pathology, study of the placenta, antenatal echography and examination of the product of conception in a series of 175 congenital malformations]. AB - In order to verify the hypothesis that during pregnancy in a woman without peculiar history, signs could be discovered when the fetus is malformed we have reviewed the files of 175 women who had a malformed child and of 300 controls. All of these women had at least one clinical examination and one ultrasonographic examination during pregnancy. Two clinical symptoms were more often discovered in the mother of the malformed fetus (p less than 0.001): decrease of fetal movements and small for date fetus. The placenta is never abnormal in the mother with normal fetus. Placenta is abnormal in 31% of the mother with malformed fetus but the abnormalities are not specific. Ultrasonographic examinations allowed more often the discovery of a malformation when hydramnios (p less than 0.001) or fetal hypotrophy (p less than 0.01) or an anomaly of the morphology of the fetus is discovered. Accuracy of prenatal diagnostic is considered for the different categories of congenital malformations. PMID- 3903049 TI - [Non-immunological fetoplacental anasarca. Example of etiological evaluation]. AB - (F.P.N.I.A.) was related in the past either to allo immunizations or to syphilis. Its present frequency remains important. It is estimated to be 1 p. 2000 or 1 p. 3000 births. The main etiologies are: cardiopathies with heart rate troubles, hematologic diseases (major form of thalassemia), twins pregnancies; but the list of the causes is very long. An effort should be done in order to track down the malformative statuses by the use of ultrasonography and amniocentesis for the fetal caryotype research. The neonatal prognosis is very dark, except in the curable cardiac causes. The therapeutical termination of the pregnancy, may be proposed before 28 weeks, in the serious causes. Beyond that it's often expectation, the attempt of a medical treatment, or if the malformation is not compatible with life, an attempt to induce delivery provided that there is no risk for the mother in doing that. In the case of a curable cause the childbirth should take place near a well equipped neonatology department, with a neonatal intensive care unit and surgical possibilities. The genetic counselling is indispensable at any moment: either during the diagnostic time period or at the childbirth in order to eliminate the accidental causes, the recurrent ones having an incidence upon the future obstetrical condition of the woman in case. PMID- 3903050 TI - [Evaluation of 100 autopsies performed in the maternity service of the Hotel-Dieu in Lyon during an 18 month period]. AB - 100 Necropsies have been performed from January 1983 to June 1984, on 53 abortus and stillborn and 47 therapeutic terminations of pregnancy. All fetuses came from the same obstetric unit. Half spontaneous fetal deaths remained of unknown aetiology; in 18 cases (34%) placental, maternal or pregnancy pathology existed; fetal abnormalities were discovered in 10 (18%). As for therapeutic interruptions of pregnancy (the indications of which are detailed) the importance of ultrasonography emphasized since this technique allowed 25 of the 47 prenatal diagnosis. The importance of necropsy to help precise diagnosis and subsequent counselling is also recalled. PMID- 3903051 TI - [Morphological study of the removed fetus after therapeutic abortion for echographic anomalies (apropos of 42 cases)]. AB - In 42 cases, fetal abnormalities were diagnosed by obstetric ultrasonography and the pregnancy was terminated. The malformations included: anencephaly (22), severe hydrocephaly (4, one with a spina bifida), encephalocele and meningocele (2) amniotic band syndrome (4; a correct prenatal diagnosis was performed during the second trimester in two cases), major anterior abdominal wall defects (2), Pena-Shokeir syndrome type I? (I), severe renal abnormalities (2), conjoined twins, dicephalus type (2), cystic hygroma and hydrops fetalis (2), osteogenesis imperfecta, type II (I). Thus, there were 23 fetuses with a polygenetically determined status; five fetuses could be affected by an autosomal recessive disorder. PMID- 3903052 TI - [Lethal skeletal dysplasias: delineation of a new distinct entity with spondylocostal dysostosis, multiple internal abnormalities and Dandy-Walker cyst]. AB - A new lethal skeletal dysplasia is reported In addition to the micromelia this malformed fetus presented spondylocostal dysostosis and multiple internal anomalies including a Dandy-Walker cyst. PMID- 3903053 TI - [Prenatal diagnosis of pulmonary hypoplasia camptodactyly syndrome. Hypothesis concerning the origin of hydramnios]. AB - Camptodactyly and pulmonary hypoplasia syndrome was described for the first time in 1974. Today 15 cases have been found. None were subject to a prenatal diagnosis as any ultrasonography. The case we observe is a 27 years old woman, third gestation, showing a polyhydramnios at 25 weeks of gestation. The ultrasonographic examination showed deformation with a rounded abdomen, a narrow thoracic frame slightly concave, no gastric picture and hands in constant flexion. After elimination of the V.A.T.E.R.' syndrome the camptodactyly's syndrome with pulmonary hypoplasia was proposed. Because of the lethal character of this syndrome, the abortion was realised. The photos of the fetus were the same as the ultrasonographic pictures during the prenatal diagnosis. The absence of intrinsic (paralysis) or extrinsic (compression) movements of the fetus is very important in the genesis of "deformations". The severity of the deformities depends on the importance of akinesia. PMID- 3903054 TI - AIDS home care. PMID- 3903055 TI - Digital subtraction angiography in patients with cerebral ischaemic attacks and normal continuous wave doppler studies. PMID- 3903056 TI - Scotland: the birthplace of surgical neurology. PMID- 3903057 TI - Influence of prostacyclin on early morphological changes in the rabbit brain after complete 20-min ischemia. AB - Complete 20-min lasting cerebral ischemia was induced in 12 rabbits. They received PGI2 3 min before, during, and for 15 min after ischemia. Control animals with complete cerebral ischemia over the same period of time were not given PGI2 medication. The ECoG changes of the animals receiving PGI2 recovered twice as fast as those of the controls. PGI2 had no noticeable effect on the loosening of the CNS white matter after ischemia; however, the perivascular swelling was much less conspicuous. PGI2 reduced the spectrum of neuronal changes and decreased the number of pathologically changed neurons in the cerebral hemispheres. Sporadically, the Purkinje cells underwent homogenisation without shrinkage of cytoplasm. The bulbar motoneurons were morphologically normal in all animals treated with PGI2. The results indicate a cytoprotective action of PGI2 on cerebral neurons during ischemia, and/or the prevention of CBF disturbances by this compound. PMID- 3903058 TI - Becker muscular dystrophy: carrier detection by real-time ultrasound. AB - The applicability was tested of real-time ultrasound imaging to the high musculature for the carrier detection of Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD). A total of 17 obligate carriers were examined. Ultrasound images in 3 patients, aged between 46 and 59 years, showed moderate differences compared with the controls. In 3 other obligate carriers, aged between 46 and 71 years, only doubtfully abnormal findings could be made; ultrasound images showed no differences in 11 BMD carriers aged between 10 and 47 years. In women aged over 40 years, compared with adequate controls of the same body type, real-time ultrasound imaging may provide additional evidence and thus help in the detection of BMD carriers. PMID- 3903059 TI - Sleep-related respiratory and haemodynamic changes in Shy-Drager syndrome: a case report. AB - The sleep-related respiratory and blood pressure changes in a patient with Shy Drager syndrome associated with the sleep apnoea syndrome are reported. Polygraphic recordings showed repeated apnoeic episodes during both sleep and wakefulness. Systemic arterial pressure values during sleep tended to be lower than in two other patients with Shy-Drager syndrome, and, unlike observations in the sleep apnoea syndrome, nocturnal swings of arterial pressure related to obstructive apnoea were markedly reduced. As a result, the total sleep time was reduced; a sleep with several features similar to REM stage was identified; during this stage the arterial pressure reached the lowest levels recorded. A review of the literature revealed that nocturnal respiratory disturbances were detectable in a high percentage of patients with Shy-Drager syndrome. We suggest that such an association is not a chance one. PMID- 3903061 TI - Progress in treatment of advanced urothelial tract tumors. PMID- 3903060 TI - High-resolution real-time ultrasound of the carotid bifurcation in patients with hyperactive carotid sinus syndrome. AB - The carotid bifurcations and the common carotid arteries of 36 patients with the diagnosis hyperactive carotid sinus syndrome (HCSS) were investigated by continuous wave (CW) Doppler ultrasonography and high-resolution real-time B scan. Using these non-invasive tests, the functional impact of luminal stenosis and the morphological changes resulting from arteriosclerotic deformities could be established. Significant differences were found in comparison with a reference group of 199 patients with a high risk of arteriosclerosis. In the HCSS group, 5 patients had a stenosis of more than 50% at the origin of the internal carotid artery on both sides, or on one side in combination with large plaques or a complete occlusion on the contralateral side. Seventy-five per cent of patients in the HCSS group, as compared to only 23.5% of the control group, had effective arteriosclerotic changes in the carotid bifurcation on both sides; 4 patients had such changes only unilaterally. Marked additional bilateral arteriosclerotic depositions were detected in the common carotid arteries of 17 patients (47.2%). In 5 patients no arteriosclerotic lesions were detectable in the carotid bifurcations, but marked changes were found in both common carotid arteries. These data indicate that bilateral arteriosclerotic changes in the carotid bifurcations and/or the common carotid arteries represent an important pathophysiological factor for the development of an HCSS. PMID- 3903062 TI - Cisplatin combination chemotherapy versus chlorambucil in advanced ovarian carcinoma: mature results of a randomized trial. AB - A randomized study to compare the efficacy of combination chemotherapy (cisplatin, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide: PACe) with chlorambucil (CB) in International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage III and IV ovarian carcinoma was conducted between May 1979 and October 1983. Patients failing initial CB were subsequently eligible for treatment with PACe. Eighty nine patients were randomized and 85 were eligible for analysis; as of date, 72 of these patients have died. The majority of patients in this study had bulky residual disease after their initial laparotomy (76%). Complete response (CR) was documented by a second laparotomy after five cycles of combination therapy or 6 to 12 months alkylating agent therapy. The overall response rate (CR plus partial response [PR]) for the combination (PACe, 68%) was significantly higher (P = .0004) than that for the chlorambucil (CB, 26%). However, the median survival was not improved (PACe, 13 months; CB, 11 months) and the survival curves were not significantly different (log rank test P = .25). The results of this study are comparable to preliminary data reported from other similar randomized studies. PACe, as administered in this study, is not indicated as routine therapy in patients with bulky residual ovarian carcinoma. PMID- 3903063 TI - Hodgkin's disease in childhood and adolescence: results of chemotherapy radiotherapy in clinical stages IA-IIB. AB - From April 1972 to May 1980, 72 children and adolescents (aged 5 to 19 years old, median 16) with Hodgkin's disease, clinical stages IA-IIB (IA, 18; II2A, two areas involved on the same side of the diaphragm, 23; II3+A, three areas or more, 16; IIB, 15) were prospectively treated in two successive clinical trials (H 72 and H 77). Clinical stages IA and II2A received three courses of mechlorethamine, Oncovin, procarbazine, and prednisone (MOPP) and supradiaphragmatic radiotherapy (40 Gy), and no laparotomy was performed. Clinical stages II3+A and IIB received either six cycles of MOPP (H 72), three cycles of MOPP, or three cycles of CCNU, vinblastine, procarbazine, and prednisone (CVPP) (H 77) and subsequently had a laparotomy followed by supradiaphragmatic radiotherapy and a lumboaortic field if results of laparotomy were positive. Patients without evidence of mediastinal involvement did not have mediastinal radiotherapy. At the completion of therapy, the disease in 70 of 72 patients was in complete remission (one failure, one death during treatment). Eight patients relapsed (in situ, 1; marginal, 1; nonirradiated subdiaphragmatic area, 6) after three to 57 months of complete remission (median 20 months); one patient died after relapse. There were three deaths after complete remission of the disease (infection, two; acute nonlymphocytic leukemia [ANLL], one). As of June 1984 the median follow-up was 82 months (range, 49 to 145 months), the actuarial probabilities for survival and freedom from relapse for all patients being 91.6% and 87.6%, respectively. There was no statistical difference according to clinical stage, age (greater than 15 or less than 15 years), sex, or number of cycles of chemotherapy (six or three). Bone growth defects related to radiotherapy were reduced particularly in the 29 patients who did not receive mediastinal radiotherapy. None of these patients had a mediastinal relapse. Azoospermia was the rule for the male patients studied, but young girls and young women retained reproductive integrity. PMID- 3903064 TI - Combination chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone (COPP) in children with brain tumors. AB - The chemotherapeutic combination of cyclophosphamide, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone (COPP) was used to treat 15 children with recurrent central nervous system tumors and seven children with newly diagnosed brainstem tumors. In patients with recurrent tumors, marginal activity was seen in various histologic types. COPP chemotherapy was clearly ineffective in patients with brainstem tumors. Toxicity consisted of mild to moderate myelosuppression and neurotoxicity. PMID- 3903065 TI - In memoriam. Nakaakira Tsukahara 1933-1985. PMID- 3903066 TI - Dual ultrastructural localization of two neurotransmitter-related antigens: colloidal gold-labeled neurophysin-immunoreactive supraoptic neurons receive peroxidase-labeled glutamate decarboxylase- or gold-labeled GABA-immunoreactive synapses. AB - To study the morphological substrate for interaction between two chemically distinct neuronal types, two double ultrastructural immunolabeling strategies were employed. In the first, two different electron-dense markers were used to examine simultaneously two different neurotransmitter-related antigens in the hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus in the same thin section. Results obtained with the first method were confirmed with a second approach based on postembedding immunostaining of alternate serial thin sections with different antisera. Antiserum against glutamate decarboxylase, the enzyme responsible for the synthesis of the inhibitory amino acid transmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), or antisera against GABA, was used to localize immunoreactive axons in the hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus. With light microscopy, glutamate decarboxylase- and GABA-immunoreactive axon terminals immunostained with peroxidase were found arborizing throughout all areas of the nucleus; terminal boutons were found adjacent to unlabeled somata within the nucleus. Cells containing immunoreactive oxytocin, vasopressin, and neurophysin were localized with peroxidase. Glutamate decarboxylase-immunoreactive axons stained with peroxidase prior to embedding in plastic were demonstrated to contact neurons which contained vesicles immunostained with neurophysin antiserum by a post embedding immunocytochemical procedure which used immunoglobulins or protein A adsorbed to colloidal gold as a second ultrastructural marker. Quantitative evaluation of post-embedding staining with colloidal gold using a neurophysin primary antiserum indicated a specific antigen localization in neurosecretory vesicles. A critical factor in this double-labeling paradigm was that immunological reagents used in the second series did not cross-react with those used in the first series, regardless of the species of origin of antisera. To provide further verification of GABAergic synapses on neurophysin-containing neurons, alternate serial ultrathin sections were stained with colloidal gold using antisera against either neurophysin or GABA; boutons immunoreactive for GABA made synaptic contact with supraoptic neurons containing neurophysin immunoreactivity. Converging results obtained with these two procedures indicate that GABAergic axons synapse directly on neurons containing oxytocin or vasopressin in the rat hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3903067 TI - Decision-making attitudes in ocular and orbital masses. A study based on 872 cases. PMID- 3903068 TI - Effect of perioperative platelet inhibition on postcarotid endarterectomy mural thrombus formation. Results of a prospective randomized controlled trial using aspirin and dipyridamole in humans. AB - A prospective randomized double-blind trial was conducted to study the effect of platelet-inhibiting drugs on mural thrombus formation after carotid endarterectomy. Twenty-two patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy were randomly assigned to perioperative administration of an aspirin/dipyridamole combination or a placebo, and the postoperative results were compared. Autologous indium-111-labeled platelets were injected postoperatively, and platelet deposition was measured at the endarterectomy site. It was found that the treated group had a significant reduction in platelet accumulation compared with the placebo group. The results suggest that the perioperative use of aspirin/dipyridamole may reduce the risk of operative stroke and the long-term risk of repeat carotid stenosis. PMID- 3903069 TI - Dipyridamole and postoperative ischemic deficits in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. AB - Recent evidence has suggested that the delayed cerebral ischemic deficits that often follow surgery for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) may be due to a proliferative vasculopathy. This vascular pathology may result from an interaction between the platelets and the vessel wall. A single-blind controlled trial of dipyridamole administration in 677 patients presenting with SAH (of whom 348 came to surgery) was undertaken to test the hypothesis that the modification of platelet behavior might reduce the incidence of ischemic deficits. Blind independent assessment of the outcome in the surgical group based on the Glasgow Outcome Scale and the specific neurological deficits revealed no significant differences between the control and treatment groups. PMID- 3903070 TI - Methylprednisolone and neurological function 1 year after spinal cord injury. Results of the National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Study. AB - A multi-center double-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted by the National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Study Group to examine the efficacy of high dose methylprednisolone (1000-mg bolus and 1000 mg daily thereafter for 10 days) compared with that of a standard dose (100-mg bolus and 100 mg daily for 10 days). No significant difference was observed in neurological recovery of motor function, pinprick response, or touch sensation 1 year after injury between the two treatment groups, after adjustment for other potentially confounding factors. Analyses that specifically took into account the patients' total steroid dose and relative weight confirmed the lack of a steroid treatment effect. The case fatality rate was 10.7% during the 1st year after injury, and this was not associated with the steroid treatment protocol or the patient's gender. Deaths did occur significantly more frequently among patients who were completely (15.3%) and partially (8.6%) plegic than among those who were paretic (2.5%, p = 0.0005), and among patients aged 50 years or older (38.6%, p = 0.0001). PMID- 3903071 TI - Anterior cervical interbody fusion with threaded cylindrical bone. AB - The author describes some modifications of the original Cloward method of cervical intervertebral body fusion. These modifications include the intraoperative threading of the standard cylindrical graft dowel (either autologous or heterologous) and the development of two new instruments designed to insert the graft into the intervertebral space. This modified technique was tested in an experimental study using the cervical spine of cadavers, after which a series of 37 patients were operated on with this method. The results of both series are presented. The chief advantages of this type of interbody fusion over the standard technique are: 1) easier insertion of the graft into the intervertebral space; and 2) decrease in complications. Complications with cervical interbody fusion, both minor (such as partial displacement of the graft, vertebral angulation, and radicular injury) and major (such as spinal cord compression and/or contusion), are fortunately infrequent, but they are important because of their irreparable consequences. PMID- 3903072 TI - Assessment of intracranial hemodynamics in carotid artery disease by transcranial Doppler ultrasound. AB - Noninvasive transcranial Doppler recordings were correlated to the angiographic findings in 77 patients with carotid artery disease. Stenoses reducing the luminal area of the internal carotid artery by 75% or more also reduced the pulsatility transmission index (PTI) of the ipsilateral middle cerebral artery (MCA). The PTI is the pulsatility index of the artery under study expressed as a percent of the pulsatility index of another intracranial artery with presumed unimpeded inflow in the same individual. For stenoses in the 75% to 89% category. PTI reduction was significantly greater in patients with bilateral carotid stenosis, indicating an impaired potential for collateral flow in these patients. The PTI reduction probably reflects both the pressure drop across the stenosis and the cerebral autoregulatory response. Two criteria proved useful in demonstrating collateral MCA supply through the circle of Willis. On the recipient side, retrograde flow in the proximal anterior cerebral artery was demonstrated in 29 of the 31 patients when this flow pattern was disclosed angiographically. In 26 of these patients, the anterior cerebral artery on the supplying side also had clearly increased flow velocity. Increased flow velocities in the proximal posterior cerebral artery were present in 26 of the 30 vessels that were acting as a collateral channel to the ipsilateral MCA. PMID- 3903073 TI - Diagnosis of subdural hemorrhage in utero. Case report. AB - A case is presented of subdural hemorrhage diagnosed in utero at 31 weeks of gestation by fetal ultrasonography. Following delivery, clinical examination of the infant revealed hydrops fetalis, right-sided cardiomegaly, hepatic dysfunction, and coagulopathy. Prompt resolution of these problems led to a retrospective diagnosis of premature closure of the foramen ovale as the precipitating event. The causes of previously reported cases of intrauterine cerebral hemorrhage are reviewed and compared to the present case. PMID- 3903074 TI - Measurement of glomerular filtration rate: single injection plasma clearance method without urine collection. AB - Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) can be calculated from the plasma clearance of any of several radiopharmaceuticals that are excreted by glomerular filtration. Simplified methods have been proposed that require only one or two plasma samples in lieu of a more complete clearance curve. We examined the error introduced by this simplification. Forty patients were studied using a dual-isotope technique employing [99mTc]DTPA and [169Yb]DTPA, obtaining eight plasma samples for each clearance curve at intervals from 10 to 240 min after injection. Data were fit to several empirical or semiempirical formulae and also to a two-compartment computer model that permitted GFR estimation from only one or two data points. The computer model gave good fit, but so did several simpler methods. The error that results from replacing the complete clearance curve by a single 3-hr sample was about 8 ml/min (residual s.d.). By using two samples (at 1 and 3 hr), the error could be reduced to 4 ml/min. Recommended one- and two-sample methods are presented. PMID- 3903075 TI - Index Medicus. The JNM struggle for inclusion is far from over. PMID- 3903076 TI - Mechanism of altered B-cell response induced by changes in dietary protein type in mice. AB - The effect of 20 g/100 g dietary lactalbumin (L) or casein (C) diets or a nonpurified (NP) diet on the immune responsiveness of C57Bl/6J, C3H/HeJ and BALB/cJ mice has been investigated by measuring the response to the T cell independent antigen, TNP-Ficoll. To investigate the possible influence of dietary protein type on the supply of B lymphocytes, bone marrow lymphocyte production has been examined by a radioautographic assay of small lymphocyte renewal and an immunofluorescent stathmokinetic assay of pre-B cells and their proliferation. The humoral response of all mice fed the L diet was found to be higher than that of mice fed the C diet or nonpurified diet. A similar pattern of dietary protein effect in (CBA/N X DBA/2J) F1 mice carrying the xid defect was observed following challenge with sheep red blood cells (SRBC). An even greater enhancing effect of dietary L was noted in normal (DBA/2J X CBA/N) F1 mice after immunization with SRBC, but in contrast, the normal large-scale production of B lymphocytes in mouse bone marrow was independent of the type of dietary protein. Dietary protein type did not affect blood level of minerals and trace metals. The free plasma amino acid profile essentially conformed to the amino acid composition of the ingested protein, suggesting that the changes in plasma amino acid profile might be a crucial factor in diet-dependent enhancement or depression of the B-cell response.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3903077 TI - More severe impairment of oral than intravenous glucose tolerance in rats after eating a high fat diet. AB - Glucose and insulin responses to oral and intravenous glucose (1 g/kg body weight) were measured after consumption of a high fat (HF) or low fat (LF) diet for 3 wk in conscious rats with implanted intravenous and intra-arterial catheters. The HF diet resulted in impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistance after both oral and intravenous glucose; the effect was more pronounced after oral glucose. In an attempt to understand the basis of the impairment of glucose tolerance after consuming the HF diet, the activity of hepatic glucokinase and the rate of intestinal glucose uptake were also measured. The more severe impairment of glucose tolerance by oral rather than intravenous administration was not explained by an increased rate of intestinal glucose uptake. Indeed, there was a small but significant reduction in the rate of jejunal glucose uptake in the HF rats. However, the greatly reduced activity of hepatic glucokinase in the HF rats was consistent with a reduced capacity for hepatic glucose uptake, which may have contributed significantly to the impaired glucose tolerance. The effects of the HF diet on the insulin response to glucose were much more pronounced after oral rather than intravenous glucose administration. This indicated that the HF diet may have stimulated the enteroinsular axis. However, it is also possible that the particularly high circulating insulin levels, resulting from oral glucose in the HF rats, were a direct response to hyperglycemia, secondary to reduced glucose removal. PMID- 3903079 TI - Direct sibling contact and bacterial colonization in newborns. AB - A two-phase, experimental study tested the hypothesis that no significant association exists between direct sibling contact and the bacterial colonization rates of neonates during their initial hospital stay. In Phase I, 44 infants were randomly assigned to experimental (N = 23) and control (N = 21) groups. Infants in the experimental group had direct contact with an older sibling who had been screened for communicable diseases; infants in the control group did not. The dependent variable, bacterial colonization, was measured using cultures of nasal and umbilical swabs of all neonates in the study. Swabs were taken at admission and discharge. In Phase II, the same procedures were followed except that swabs were taken from the neonates (N = 33 in each group) at admission, before the sibling contact, and at discharge. Analysis of the data using the standard error of the difference between proportions showed no significant differences in the proportion of infants colonized by staphylococcal and streptococcal organisms. Thus, bacterial colonization rates and older sibling contact were not associated. Implications for care and further research are discussed. PMID- 3903078 TI - What's new in pregnancy tests. AB - Immunologically based pregnancy tests that will diagnose pregnancy even before the menstrual period is missed are now available. Nurses who deal with female patients in the reproductive years must be aware of these newer pregnancy tests now in use. Appropriate interpretation of pregnancy tests will aid women in early pregnancy to avoid potentially harmful radiation, drugs, or treatments. PMID- 3903080 TI - The future of graduate medical education. PMID- 3903081 TI - Osteoinduction in rhesus monkeys using demineralized bone powder allografts. AB - This experiment tested the osteoinductivity of demineralized bone powder (DBP) in nonhuman primates. Six DBP implants were implanted subcutaneously close to the pectoralis major muscle in each of four rhesus monkeys. Excisional biopsies were obtained 20, 40, and 72 days after implantation and were processed for light and electron microscopy. Decalcified and undecalcified sections of the implants were studied. Large numbers of undifferentiated mesenchymal and fibroblast-like cells were observed around and within the DBP matrix particles on day 20. Cartilage formation was also evident at that time and had increased by day 40, when chondroid bone also appeared. By day 72, the implants showed mature (lamellar) and immature (woven and chondroid) bone and bone marrow formation. Areas of DBP that were incorporated within the induced bone contained empty lacunae and stained similarly to mineralized bone. It was concluded that allogenic DBP can induce bone formation in monkeys. The results justify the use of DBP as a bone banked material to induce bone formation in humans. PMID- 3903082 TI - Antibiotic prophylaxis for major maxillocraniofacial surgery. AB - A shortened prophylactic regimen of antibiotics for maxillofacial and craniofacial surgery is evaluated. Eighty-five patients were divided into two groups on the basis of the type of incision used. Forty-nine patients undergoing intraoral procedures received penicillin perioperatively and were given one postoperative dose (regimen A). Thirty-six patients undergoing extraoral or combined intraoral and extraoral procedures received penicillin and oxacillin perioperatively, with nine receiving one postoperative dose and 27 receiving an average of seven postoperative doses (regimen B). One infection was observed in the regimen A group, and three were observed in the regimen B group. This infection rate compares favorably to that encountered in the authors' previously reported study on longer prophylactic courses of antibiotics. PMID- 3903083 TI - Pathogenesis and treatment of adult respiratory distress syndrome. PMID- 3903084 TI - Mikulicz syndrome. PMID- 3903085 TI - Thermoplastic material for intraoral stent fabrication. PMID- 3903086 TI - Thandai and chilam: traditional Hindu beliefs about the proper uses of Cannabis. AB - Hindu beliefs about appropriate use of cannabis illustrate the capacity of cultural systems to order and direct the course of complex phenomenal events. Cannabis manifests diverse and contradictory effects. These depend not only on dose, frequency and route of administration, but also on subjective and cultural contexts (e.g., Pihl, Shea & Costa 1979). It may very well be that the contradictory results of modern research investigations on cannabis stem from the intricacy of these interactions. Given the current state of the art, paradigms of research methodology may very well be inadequate to develop an understanding of such a paradoxical drug. The Hindu cultural system, on the other hand, accommodates the ambiguities of cannabis through its own complex nature. It provides diverse niches through which antithetical effects of the drug are expressed. Cannabis is said to both interfere with motivation to work and facilitate it. A closer examination reveals that these actions are probably related to the way in which this motivation toward action is defined, and the level of use of the drug. While cannabis appears to interfere with execution of highly complex tasks and the long-range planning that accompanies them, it may facilitate concentrated focus on repetitive endeavors. In some commonsense way, it may be quite simply that it changes a user's sense of time and the span of the present as well as the sense of relative importance of present and future. So long as an individual is under the influence of this effect (and living in the context that s/he has structured as a result of it), the urgency of accomplishment in the Western sense is diminished. The Hindu belief system accommodates this by prescribing use in such a way that this effect becomes beneficial. A key factor is that low potency preparations (bhang, thandai) are available. It allows individuals with complex life tasks, goals and obligations to indulge in moderation. The drug is also taken in a ritualized context, facilitating concentration and relaxation. It is taken at times, such as in the evening or on holidays, in which focus on the immediate present is a welcome change. Use of the more potent preparations (ganja, charas) is not condoned for this group. Above all, moderation is enjoined and popular folk belief warns of the potential problems of excess. Ganja and charas are regarded more ambivalently as poisons or semipoisons.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3903087 TI - The narcotics we indulge in. Part I. By James F. W. Johnston. 1853. PMID- 3903088 TI - Seduction of the innocent: a clinical note on the effects of cartoons and comics on drug use. PMID- 3903089 TI - Association of penicillin tolerance with failure to eradicate group A streptococci from patients with pharyngitis. AB - Despite uniform susceptibility of group A streptococci to penicillin, failure to eradicate group A streptococci is not uncommon in patients receiving penicillin for treatment of pharyngitis. We explored the possibility that penicillin tolerance could explain this phenomenon. We examined 48 group A streptococcal isolates from 48 patients successfully treated with penicillin (streptococci eradicated) and 92 isolates from 37 patients (one to four isolates per patient) who failed to respond to penicillin therapy (streptococci not eradicated). Penicillin tolerance was recognized by the gradient-replicate plate method and by time-kill experiments with penicillin concentrations of 16 times the minimal inhibiting concentrations. Tolerance was identified in 25% (23 of 92) of the isolates from the treatment failure group, in contrast to none of the strains from the treatment success group. Characterization of the strains by M and T typing revealed no predominant type(s) among the tolerant strains. These findings suggest that penicillin tolerance may be responsible for some instances of failure of penicillin to eradicate group A streptococci from the upper respiratory tract of individuals with streptococcal tonsillitis or pharyngitis. PMID- 3903090 TI - Prednisone therapy of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis in children. AB - Six children with biopsy-proved type 1 membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) improved clinically during a 2-year course of prednisone therapy. All children had nephrotic syndrome. Creatinine clearance was less than or equal to 80 ml/min/1.73 m2 in four patients. Initial prednisone dosage ranged from 20 mg every other day to 2 mg/kg/day (maximum 60 mg), with subsequent modifications based on improvement. After completion of a 2-year course of steroid therapy, a repeat kidney biopsy was performed in each child; a decrease in glomerular disease activity was noted in five of them. After a mean follow-up of almost 5 years, all children have creatinine clearance greater than 120 ml/min/1.73 m2, and only one remains nephrotic. Although the use of prednisone in children with MPGN remains controversial, we have observed a diminution in proteinuria and normalization of creatinine clearance with therapy initiated early in the disease course. PMID- 3903091 TI - Enzyme immunoassay for diagnosis of neonatal chlamydial conjunctivitis. PMID- 3903092 TI - Septic arthritis in two teenaged hemophiliacs. PMID- 3903093 TI - Use of naloxone in neonatal septic shock. PMID- 3903095 TI - Purification and immunochemical study of Plasmodium falciparum exoantigens. AB - Plasmodium falciparum, in in vitro culture, elaborated many antigens including soluble exoantigens that are released into the culture medium. Anionic and cationic methods of isolating these antigens offer a great potential for large scale purification from medium that is rich in proteins but contains relatively low concentrations of P. falciparum specific antigens. These exoantigens have cationic and anionic dependent elution profiles (pI between 3.7 and 4.8). Five apparent molecular weight entities (58, 80, 145, 200, and 290 kdaltons) have been determined by GEDELISA. Susceptibility to lipase and to a proteolytic enzyme confirmed the proteinaceous nature of the antigens. They were isolated from 4 strains of different geographic origin, indicating their ubiquitous nature. The analogy of these exoantigens to circulating antigens in patients with acute malaria and their potential usefulness in immunodiagnosis and immunoprophylaxis are discussed. PMID- 3903094 TI - Heterogeneity of humoral immune components in human cysticercosis. AB - Twelve Taenia solium cysticerci, obtained from several human organs, were examined by immunofluorescence for IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE and C3b on their surfaces. Anti-cysticercus antibodies of the 4 classes of immunoglobulins were looked for in the cerebrospinal fluid of most neurologic patients, in the intraocular humors of a patient with eye cysticercosis, and in the serum of some other patients. The morphological appearance of the parasites as well as the clinical features of the patients were recorded. The distribution of components was heterogeneous among the different parasite surfaces. IgG was the most frequent, followed by IgA, IgM, C3b and IgE. No correlation was found between the presence of these molecules and signs of damage in the cysticerci, or with the classes of immunoglobulins found as anti-cysticercus antibodies. Possible explanations of these findings as well as the implications of heterogeneity in cysticercosis are discussed. PMID- 3903096 TI - Malignant sacrococcygeal teratoma--endodermal sinus, yolk sac tumor--in infants and children: a 32-year review. AB - Fifteen cases of malignant sacrococcygeal teratoma were treated at our hospital over the last 32 years. These included five cases of endodermal sinus (yolk sac) tumor that arose in otherwise benign or immature teratoma, and ten cases of pure endodermal sinus (yolk sac) tumor. Most were females, and only one was a neonate. The presence of symptoms almost always indicated local extension or distant metastases. According to Altman's classification, all but two of these malignant tumors were Types III and IV. The resectability was low, but with aggressive radiotherapy and chemotherapy, second look operations in five have been possible with increasing optimism for survival. Two of five patients with secondary resections are alive and tumor-free almost two years after therapy was discontinued. So far, only the newborn is a long-term (14 years) cure. PMID- 3903097 TI - Fetal cystic adenomatoid malformation: prenatal diagnosis and natural history. AB - We studied the natural history and pathophysiology of congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM) detected prenatally by ultrasound in twelve fetuses. Two types of fetal CCAM can be distinguished by gross anatomy, ultrasound findings, and prognosis. Microcystic lesions are usually associated with fetal hydrops and have a poor prognosis (five cases with one survivor). Antenatal diagnosis, maternal transport, and immediate thoracotomy after birth allowed the first reported survival of a newborn with a large microcystic CCAM. Macrocystic lesions are not usually associated with hydrops and have a favorable prognosis (five of seven survived). We conclude that fetuses with hydrops are at high risk for fetal or neonatal demise without intervention. Fetuses with CCAM but without hydrops have a good chance for survival with maternal transport, planned delivery, and immediate neonatal resuscitation and surgery. PMID- 3903098 TI - Management of tracheobronchomalacia with continuous positive airway pressure. AB - Three infants presenting with respiratory distress required early ventilator support. With attempts at extubation recurrent airway obstruction occurred. The clinical course was marked by recurrent episodes of hyperinflation, atelectasis, and pneumonia. Bronchoscopy, bronchography, and chest fluoroscopy revealed extensive collapse of the trachea and main stem bronchi. Two of the infants had gastroesophageal reflux and recurrent aspiration. Treatment of tracheobronchomalacia (TBM) was carried out with a tracheostomy tube attached to a portable CPAP apparatus. Initially CPAP was maintained at 10 cm of water and subsequently weaning was achieved by gradual decreasing of both positive pressure and hours of treatment per day. Total treatment time ranged from 13 to 25 months. Feedings were carried out via gastrostomy. Two infants with severe gastroesophageal reflux underwent fundoplication. Each infant was successfully weaned from distending pressure and decanulated. The treatment of severe TBM with long-term CPAP appears to be a reasonable alternative or adjunct to surgical procedures such as tracheopexy, resection, external splinting and tracheobronchoplasty. PMID- 3903099 TI - Potential errors in the diagnosis and surgical management of neonatal jaundice. AB - Despite advances and refinements in diagnostic techniques, distinguishing between cholestatic syndromes and extrahepatic biliary atresia is not always possible. Because there are inherent errors in all diagnostic studies including nuclear scanning, ultrasonography, and liver biopsy some infants presumed to have biliary atresia will come to surgery when, in fact, the bile ducts are partially or completely patent. The decision to proceed with a portoenterostomy or to terminate the procedure depends upon the appearance of the liver and histology of the biopsy. PMID- 3903100 TI - Falciform ligament abscess in the infant. AB - Two cases of abdominal abscesses related to the falciform ligament are described. The importance of ultrasonic localization is stressed, as these extrahepatic abscesses require surgical drainage, whereas an intrahepatic abscess, particularly amoebic, may be treated with antimicrobials. PMID- 3903101 TI - Inhibitory effect of periodontally diseased root extracts on the growth of human gingival fibroblasts. AB - Cementum shavings obtained from periodontally diseased and nondiseased areas of 100 removed, single-rooted teeth were extracted with either pyrogen-free water (PFW) for 5 minutes, 1 M citric acid for 5 minutes or 45% phenol-PFW for 90 minutes at 65 degrees C. The extracts were membrane-filtered, dialyzed exhaustively versus PFW, lyophilized, weighed and then dissolved in complete growth medium. The phenol-water or citric acid extracts of cementum shavings from periodontally diseased roots were positive for endotoxin by the limulus lysate assay (LLA). Pyrogen-free water extracts of diseased or phenol-water extracts of nondiseased cementum shavings were negative, or only slightly positive, respectively, for endotoxin by LLA. Media containing the various extracts were added to logarithmically growing cultures of human gingival fibroblasts (HGF). Separate cultures of HGF were exposed to Escherichia coli endotoxin at concentrations of 50, 100, 250 and 500 micrograms/ml to determine the growth inhibitory effects of a known endotoxin. Cell growth was analyzed by measuring the incorporation of tritiated thymidine into cells. Suppression of HGF growth from 30 to 49% by E. coli endotoxin was concentration-dependent and linear over the concentration range of endotoxin tested. Pyrogen-free water extracts of diseased (endotoxin negative) or phenol-water extracts of nondiseased cementum shavings (slightly endotoxin positive) did not effect HGF growth. However, citric acid or phenol-water extracts of diseased cementum shavings (highly endotoxin positive) significantly suppressed HGF growth 58% and 61%, respectively. These results indicate that citric acid is effective in removing cytotoxic substances, presumably endotoxin, from cementum shavings and suggest that citric acid treatment is effective clinically in detoxifying periodontally diseased root surfaces. PMID- 3903102 TI - Localization of fibronectin in gingival connective tissue of the beagle dog. Immunofluorescent light microscopic findings. AB - Affinity purified antibodies to plasma fibronectin were used to localize fibronectin in the connective tissues of inflamed and noninflamed beagle gingiva. In noninfiltrated gingival connective tissue, fibronectin was demonstrated in the basement membrane beneath gingival epithelium and around blood vessels as a uniform and intensely stained band about 3 to 10 micron thick. Fibronectin was also distributed throughout the connective tissue in association with collagen fibrils as a more diffuse, less intensely stained pattern. The inflamed gingiva included in this study was characterized by proliferation of epithelial pegs, heavy infiltration of plasma cells and loss of collagen within the subepithelial connective tissue. In these sites, fibronectin was present as an intensely stained band around blood vessels and at the crest of connective tissue papillae nearest the sulcular space. The fibronectin in the basement membrane beneath the epithelium appeared diminished and less uniformly distributed. A delicate network of fibronectin was present around plasma cells and the remaining collagen fibers. PMID- 3903103 TI - Reliability of standardized narrow strips in the Periotron. AB - In clinical practice the authors have found the 2-mm wide Periopaper slightly too large for insertion into the gingival crevice. This study investigated the reliability of Periotron readings for quantitation of gingival fluid when using filter paper strips which are narrower than the Periopaper. The round-ended strips were cut to a standard size 1 mm wide and 15 mm long using a conchotome. A microsyringe was used to deposit 0.1 microliter of four different fluids (distilled water, undiluted horse serum, diluted horse (1:2) and human (1:2) sera) onto Periopaper and the narrow S-690 strips. The moistened end of each strip was placed between the jaws of both the Periotron 600 and the Periotron 6000, and the maximum digital reading was recorded in two series of 20 measurements for each of the four fluids and two strips, giving a total of 640 assessments. A comparison between the two series confirmed the excellent reproducibility of Periotron readings. The comparison between strips revealed from 10% (Periotron 600) to 20% (Periotron 6000) lower readings for the S-690 than for the Periopaper strips for all fluids. The SD of the readings for both the S-690 and the Periopaper strip was low enough to make the difference between strips statistically significant. The slightly lower readings obtained with the narrow S-690 strip were found as reliable as those recorded when using Periopaper. PMID- 3903104 TI - "Cyclosporine-A nephrotoxicity in renal allograft recipients". PMID- 3903105 TI - Studies of colicin action on wall-less stable L-forms of Escherichia coli. II. Growth inhibition of complete and wall-less (L-form) cells of Escherichia coli by basic colicin types. AB - The inhibitive activity of colicins of 16 types (produced by 22 colicinogenic strains) on rods and protoplast-like stable L-form cells of the strains Escherichia coli B, W1655 F+ and W1655 F- was compared. The results of 58 combinations tested fall into four groups (with three subgroups): both cell forms are sensitive: a) both cell forms are about equally sensitive, b) rods are distinctly more sensitive than L-form cells, c) L-form cells are distinctly more sensitive than rods; only rods are sensitive, L-form cells are not sensitive; only L-form cells are sensitive, rods are not sensitive; neither cell form is sensitive. Group la represents simple sensitivity; both cell wall and cytoplasmic membrane receptors are present and functioning. Groups 1b and 2 represent sensitivity, substantially or completely mediated by cell wall receptors. Groups 1c and 3 represent partial or complete "pseudoresistance" or "pseudotolerance"; cell wall receptors are absent or non-lethal, but cytoplasmic membrane ones are present and mediate the lethal effect. Group 4 represents both true resistance and true tolerance. PMID- 3903106 TI - Studies of colicin action on wall-less stable L-forms of Escherichia coli. III. A colicin-tolerant mutant in a wall-less stable L-form. AB - The conversion of a tol III Escherichia coli mutant, tolerant to colicins E2, E3, Ia and K, into protoplast-like stable L-form makes it sensitive to colicins E2, Ia and K. Its original sensitivity to colicin E1 and tolerance to E3 are preserved in this cell form. Thus, rods of this mutant are not truly tolerant to colicins E2, Ia and K, but "pseudotolerant": their wall receptors have been turned out to "nonlethal" ones by the mutation in question. PMID- 3903107 TI - Microbial side-chain degradation of sterols. AB - Apart from the broadly used diosgenin and some further natural compounds sterols gained an increasing importance as raw material for the synthesis of steroid drugs. Parallel to the elucidation of the pathways of the enzymatic degradation of sterols technical processes were developed for a specific degradation of the side-chain to useful primary products. A review is given on the present state of this field and the trends to further improvements. PMID- 3903108 TI - Simplified techniques for the preparation and use of reversible hydrocolloid impression material. AB - The use of a simple technique with an inexpensive syringe loaded with heavy-body tray material resulted in a savings of preparation time and storage space in the conditioning unit. Only one type of material needs to be liquefied. The use of the heavy-body material in syringe and tray in conjunction with a hydrophilic technique have practically eliminated the annoying problem of tearing of the material in the gingival crevice on removal of the impression. Moisture control is no longer an aggravating problem. PMID- 3903109 TI - Impression material thickness in stock and custom trays. AB - This study did not examine the accuracy of the resultant impressions. Rather, the impression material thickness in impressions made using both the highly advocated custom acrylic resin tray and in the highly used manufactured stock tray was examined. Comparison between the material thickness at the prepared tooth area revealed a mean difference in material thickness of less than 1 mm. The question of the significance of this difference remains to be answered. If the difference is not significant in the success of the impression and the resultant casting, then there are several advantages in using the manufactured stock tray; the first is economy. The average cost of a custom acrylic full arch impression tray is $3.65, compared with an average cost of slightly over $0.30 for the stock tray. The second advantage is the convenience factor. Making a custom tray requires planning, study models, laboratory time, curing interval, and finishing time. In contrast, the stock tray can be selected, adapted, and used in a single visit for both anticipated and unanticipated situations. If the difference in material thickness is significant, the custom tray is indicated. However, attention to detail in making and inserting the tray in the mouth must be observed to maximize the benefits of the custom tray. PMID- 3903110 TI - The acid-etched fixed partial denture: a two-year report. AB - A 2-year report on 10 acid-etched fixed partial dentures was presented. Similar to other studies, it indicates that the acid-etched fixed partial denture is a clinically acceptable restoration for properly selected patients. PMID- 3903111 TI - Effect of restoration thickness at the cavosurface bevel on the class IV acid etched retained composite resin restoration. PMID- 3903112 TI - Effect of abutment mobility, site, and angle of impact on retention of fixed partial dentures. AB - Fixed partial dentures cemented to dies of adjustable mobility were subjected to repeated impacts at three different sites. Immobile abutments retained their prostheses longer than mobile abutments. Impacts that fell between the centers of rotation of the abutments were withstood longer than impacts that fell nearer the ends of the prostheses. This study failed to show a significant difference between the effect of impacts perpendicular to the occlusal plane and impacts angled 45 degrees toward the lingual plane. The results of this study suggest that (1) crowns that anchor rigid prostheses to mobile teeth require greater retentive ability than crowns on relatively immobile abutments and (2) occlusal impacts are best withstood when they fall on the areas of the fixed partial denture over and between the centers of rotation of the abutment teeth. If a fixed partial denture must withstand loading outside these areas, as is the case with cantilevered pontics and some tilted abutments, the retainer furthermost from the anticipated eccentric load must have exceptionally good retention. PMID- 3903113 TI - Effect of a temporary cementing agent on the retention of castings for composite resin cores. PMID- 3903114 TI - Amalgam cores with acrylic resin transitional crowns as a matrix. AB - A transitional acrylic resin crown can be used as a matrix for condensation of amalgam cores in anterior teeth. The technique, advantages, and indications are reviewed. PMID- 3903115 TI - Marginal adaptation of provisional acrylic resin crowns. PMID- 3903116 TI - Temporization of severely fractured vital anterior teeth. AB - The technique described offers the patient an esthetic temporary crown for a horizontally fractured vital anterior tooth without resorting to emergency root canal therapy or pins. PMID- 3903117 TI - A technique for removing cemented posts. AB - An efficient and safe technique for removing a cemented post using the Saca Pino post extractor has been described. PMID- 3903118 TI - Effect of metal conditioners on porcelain-alloy bond strength. AB - The effect of three metal conditioners on the apparent bond strength of a single porcelain to four alloys was evaluated. On the basis of the bond strength data the following conclusions can be drawn. The use of metal conditioners provided no improvement in the apparent porcelain-alloy bond strength of Biocast and Biobond alloy. The use of Unibond alloy with its recommended conditioner Uniseal gave lower bond strength values than Unibond without the conditioner. With Rexillium III alloy the use of Uniseal gave the highest bond strength values, but these were statistically equal to those obtained with the recommended coating agent (Jeneric bonding agent). With the exception of Rexillium III alloy, it appears that coating agents may have a function other than bond strength improvement. In light of the continued marketing of new alloys, bonding agents, and porcelains, further research is needed to determine the mechanism of action of bonding agents as well as the porcelain-bonding agent-alloy interaction of various commercial products. Studies designed to address these topics are in progress. PMID- 3903119 TI - A photoelastic study of stress distribution by a mandibular split major connector. AB - This investigation evaluated the stress patterns in a photoelastic model produced by three different mandibular major connectors. The results were as follows. There were minimal differences in stress generated by the rigid and the short split frameworks. When the split extended to the midline, the stress on the distal-extension abutment was in a more vertical direction and decreased in magnitude. The stress in the edentulous portion of the distal-extension side was increased with the long split when force was applied. When force was applied to the tooth-supported side of the removable partial denture, the difference in stress among the three frameworks was insignificant. The long split major connector is a viable, inexpensive alternative to manufactured stress breakers for distal-extension removable partial dentures. PMID- 3903120 TI - Three-dimensional analysis of maxillary denture displacement during reline impression procedure. AB - The contourmeter was used to determine quantitatively the denture displacements caused by various impression materials and techniques during the relining of a maxillary denture. This study indicated the following conclusions. Tissue conditioning material used with closed-mouth impression technique or light-bodied polysulfide used with either open- or closed-mouth technique caused the least denture displacement in the three dimensions when compared with regular-bodied polysulfide or zinc oxide and eugenol impression materials. Comparing the same impression materials used with either open- or closed-mouth technique showed no significant difference in maxillary denture displacements. A relined complete denture should be remounted on the articulator and the occlusion refined to eliminate occlusal mismatches resulting from three-dimensional denture displacements during relining. PMID- 3903121 TI - Impression making for osseointegrated dentures. PMID- 3903122 TI - Dimensional change of acrylic resin tray materials. AB - Twelve commonly used acrylic resin tray materials were compared for linear curing shrinkage. Three of the 12 were found to expand slightly during the first few hours, which had the effect of reducing the net shrinkage. All trays, however, exhibited shrinkage during the 24-hour test period. Therefore, autopolymerizing acrylic resin tray materials should not be used for an impression the same day that they are made unless the tray is boiled as suggested by Pagniano et al. This agrees with research already completed even though the magnitude of shrinkage was considerably less than that reported in previous studies. PMID- 3903124 TI - The cast round RPA clasp. AB - The incorporation of a cast round clasp into the RPA design has been presented. When properly used, the cast round clasp eliminates the need for blockout of the facial aspect of the terminal abutment normally required with the half-round clasp. This technique includes surveying the refractory cast, which ensures optimal placement of the round clasp in relation to the height of contour. PMID- 3903123 TI - Does one articulator meet the needs of both fixed and removable prosthodontics? AB - A survey to determine the type of articulators used in teaching fixed and removable prosthodontics in the 59 United States dental schools was conducted. Of 115 questionnaires mailed, 104 responses were received. The following observations resulted from analysis of the questionnaire. Of the 81 articulators used in fixed and removable prosthodontics, 65 (76.5%) were of the arcon design. The most common articulators used were the Whip-Mix (16 schools), the Hanau 158 (14 schools), the Hanau 96 H-2 (13 schools), and the Denar Mark II (11 schools). The most common articulators used in fixed prosthodontic programs were the Whip Mix (16) and the Denar Mark II (11), while the most common articulators for removable prosthodontics were the Hanau 158 (14) and the Hanau 96 H-2 (13). Twenty-two schools issued two articulators of different design, and three schools issued two articulators of the same design. The outstanding difference in requirements for fixed and removable prosthodontic teaching programs was that those in fixed prosthodontics desired an articulator in which the maxillary and mandibular members could be separated, while those in removable prosthodontics did not. PMID- 3903125 TI - Repairing crown perforations. AB - An office technique has been presented for repairing perforations in complete veneer gold crowns. This technique eliminates the need for platinum foil and soldering investments, thereby simplifying the procedure and making it much less time consuming. PMID- 3903126 TI - A method for blockout of remount casts. PMID- 3903127 TI - Protection of critical surfaces during cast trimming. PMID- 3903128 TI - A method to reassemble a dislodged die. PMID- 3903129 TI - Custom shade tabs for esthetic provisional restorations. AB - A technique for fabrication of custom shade tabs in tooth form has been presented. The finished product will be a series of custom shade tabs. Any temporary (provisional) resin material can be used. PMID- 3903130 TI - Effects of batch variation on shade of dental porcelain. AB - Three different batches of three commercially available porcelains were applied to 36 specimens of two noble alloys. The shades were visually compared by nine observers. Results indicated the following. No color differences were found among specimens of individual batches. Discerning color changes were observed among three batches of one brand of porcelain. The porcelain fired in the laboratory may not match the manufacturer's standard shade guide. Batch to batch variation of porcelain may necessitate the fabrication of customized shade tabs with fresh batches of porcelain. PMID- 3903131 TI - Combined reversible/irreversible hydrocolloid impression systems: comparative analysis. PMID- 3903132 TI - Viscoelastic properties of setting elastomeric impression materials. AB - An instrument was introduced to determine the relationship between induced and permanent tensile deformation of selected elastomeric dental impression materials during and after setting. The method accurately recorded viscoelastic properties of impression materials. PMID- 3903133 TI - A comparison of four techniques for fabricating collarless metal-ceramic crowns. PMID- 3903134 TI - Retention of prefabricated posts by cements and resins. PMID- 3903135 TI - Marginal leakage of cervical resin restorations with a bonding agent. PMID- 3903136 TI - Complete denture secondary impression technique to minimize distortion of ridge and border tissues. AB - A technique has been described with which a physiologic and anatomic registration of the attached and unattached tissue of the denture-bearing areas can be attained. Clear acrylic resin trays aid in eliminating excessive displacement at the secondary impression phase. Inadequacies of the mucostatic concept include: Failure to register the tissues, which are important for retention and stability Certain metal bases that are part of this procedure can be implemented by only a small number of technicians Increased cost There are two shortcomings of the tissue-loading technique for complete denture impressions. Resulting retention and stability lasts only for a short period of time. Unwanted ridge resorption and tissue changes occur. PMID- 3903137 TI - Combination syndrome: a treatment approach. AB - A method of treating patients who require a complete maxillary denture opposing a mandibular bilateral distal-extension removable partial denture has been described. This technique attempts to minimize the destructive changes seen in these patients by carefully distributing occlusal stress over the hard and soft tissues and by developing an occlusal relationship that is stable and balanced. PMID- 3903138 TI - Diagnostically restoring a reduced occlusal vertical dimension without permanently altering the existing dentures. AB - The technique described provides the dentist with a means of diagnostically restoring the vertical dimension of occlusion for an edentulous patient, without permanently altering the dentures. This procedure is accomplished with a removable mandibular splint, which snaps over the mandibular denture. The procedure involves little clinical treatment time. The maxillary denture may also be temporarily overlayed in a similar manner, but the procedure is generally not as esthetically acceptable. Since the mandibular alveolar bone resorbs much faster than that of the maxillae in most edentulous patients, the mandibular denture usually is responsible for most of the loss of occlusal vertical dimension. The mandibular denture is therefore most frequently indicated for alteration to restore lost occlusal vertical dimension. Medicolegal implications, as well as practical considerations, suggest that the patient's present dentures should not be permanently altered before new dentures are found to be satisfactory. PMID- 3903139 TI - Radiographic detection of porosities in removable partial denture castings. AB - The purpose of this study was to discern the existence of structural defects in removable partial denture frameworks by means of radiographs. A simple technique was described using a dental radiograph unit and routine periapical dental films. All components of removable partial denture castings were radiographed with different angulations. The visibility of defects was clear. Structural defects were located and classified in two brands of removable partial denture base metal alloys (Ticonium and Nobilium) commonly used in fabrication of removable partial denture castings. The technique described is simple, inexpensive, not time consuming, and can be implemented with minimum instrumentation. Future studies with this radiographic method for investigation of internal defects in fixed prostheses or dental implants are recommended. PMID- 3903141 TI - Chairside fabrication of an acrylic resin temporary crown. PMID- 3903142 TI - Reproducible split-cast procedure for remounting the complete denture master cast. PMID- 3903140 TI - Chewing ability in patients restored with cross-arch fixed partial dentures. AB - The chewing ability of subjects with cross-arch fixed partial dentures was compared with that of subjects with complete healthy dentitions and complete denture wearers. Chewing ability was expressed in terms of the number of chewing strokes, chewing time, chewing efficiency, and chewing performance. Almonds were used as the test food. In terms of chewing efficiency, that is, comminution in relation to time, subjects with cross-arch fixed partial dentures exhibited a chewing ability inferior to that of subjects with complete healthy dentition but superior to that of complete denture wearers. However, in terms of chewing performance, which describes the degree of pulverization before the time of swallow, chewing ability in subjects with cross-arch fixed partial dentures was almost as good as in subjects with complete, healthy dentitions and superior to that of complete denture wearers. PMID- 3903143 TI - Simplicity in interim tooth-supported removable partial denture construction. PMID- 3903144 TI - Some thoughts on prevention of post-operative salivary fistula. PMID- 3903145 TI - Physiological and metabolic responses to brief stress in non-insulin dependent diabetic and control subjects. AB - Eight non-insulin dependent diabetic subjects and eight controls were studied during physical and psychological stress. Physiological measures of heart rate, finger pulse amplitude and blood pressure, as well as metabolic measures of blood glucose, insulin, catecholamines and glucagon were sampled during the experiment. Results indicate substantial physiological arousal during the tasks for both groups, but no changes in blood glucose. Despite signs of mild autonomic neuropathy, the diabetic subjects showed responses similar to the controls on the stress tasks. Overall, this study suggests that diabetic instability does not necessarily follow from physiological activity and stress hormone elevations. PMID- 3903146 TI - Myelopoiesis in whole-body-irradiated beagles: influence of dose-rate on GM-CFU and CSA kinetics. PMID- 3903147 TI - Urinary excretion of creatine and creatinine in gamma irradiated rats. PMID- 3903148 TI - Reaction of misonidazole with DNA radicals and its effect on the template activity of DNA. PMID- 3903149 TI - Vascularized transfer of the adductor magnus tendon and its osseous insertion: a preliminary report. AB - The adductor magnus tendon and its insertion (cortical and cancellous bone) are vascularized by the articular branch of the descending genicular artery of the knee. Anatomic findings support a reliable transfer of vascularized bone or tendon. Some applications are restoration of the cruciate ligament of the knee, free vascularized bone transfer for treatment of avascular bone necrosis or post traumatic pseudoarthrosis, and pedicled tendon transfer to reinforce repairs of the medial ligament of the knee. PMID- 3903150 TI - Short-term response of a skeletal growth plate to heterotopic microvascular transfer. AB - The capacity of the epiphyseal growth cartilage from the dog fibula to retain its growth potential after heterotopic transfer to a distal radial defect was investigated and compared to orthotopically transferred controls. Autoradiographs of the physes cultured in 3H-thymidine indicated continued proliferation of the growth cartilage in all revascularized transfers at the time of death, six weeks postoperatively. However, the nonvascular orthotopic controls did not incorporate the radioactive label. Fluorescent bone labels were incorporated in parallel bands in the metaphyseal bone, demonstrating linear bone growth in the revascularized transfers. Additional evidence for the viability of the transferred growth cartilage was obtained with histologic sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin and safranin-O. Roentgenograms and volume measurements showed a tendency toward hypertrophy of the heterotopic transfers. PMID- 3903151 TI - Blood vessel implantation into ischemic bone. AB - Blood vessel implantation, core decompression, and core decompression plus cancellous bone grafting were compared in 36 adult mongrel dogs to evaluate their relative effectiveness in revascularizing an ischemic femoral head. Each of the methods resulted in a reversal of the ischemic changes to varying degrees. Blood vessel implantation resulted in increased new bone formation at the site of vessel implantation but no significant revascularization in the peripheral portion of the femoral head. The method of creating avascular necrosis of the femoral head of the canine, as described by Hori, was studied in a controlled fashion. Although ischemic changes were noted in our hands, the model failed to produced findings consistent with avascular necrosis. PMID- 3903152 TI - Bilateral hand reconstruction: report of three cases. AB - Although it has been established that a single lost hand can be reconstructed by autogenous bilateral toe transplantation, the problem of how to reconstruct bilateral hand loss still remains. The authors present a novel approach to solve this intricate problem. A big toe free skin-nail flap, along with the second digital ray or second and third digital rays, with a common vascular pedicle, is taken from the donor foot and transferred to the forearm stump by microsurgical technique, thereby creating a hand with two or three digits. Either a piece of the iliac bone or an ulna block cut during the preparation of the forearm stump is used to substitute for the lost first metacarpus and phalanges of the thumb. The operative technique is described. Three patients have undergone this procedure and have had both lost hands reconstructed. Among the six reconstructed hands, two had two digits in each and the others had three digits. One reconstructed hand failed to survive subsequent to vascular thrombosis which might have been due to degeneration and thickening of the vessel wall. Partial failure occurred in another, where the transferred big toe skin-nail flap necrosed and was replaced by a pedicled skin tube. All five surviving hands were followed up for more than one year and showed satisfactory functional recovery. PMID- 3903153 TI - The circumflex scapular flap for reconstruction of mandibulofacial atrophy. AB - Dissection of the circumflex scapular vessels permits the use of a cutaneous flap of moderate thickness and broad extension because of the plexal arrangement of the two basic arterial components, the cutaneous scapular and the inferior scapular arteries. This flap may be considered as the treatment of choice in reconstructive surgery for facial atrophy of diverse etiology. The anatomic fundamentals and surgical technique for use of this flap are described. PMID- 3903154 TI - The Tweener maneuver. AB - A modification of standard microvascular anastomosis procedure is presented, which helps in training and improves clinical technique by conservation of motion. The speed of anastomosis is at least as rapid as the posterior wall technique on which it is based, and it has the advantage of having fewer unused penetrations of the vessel wall and better eversion of the edges. PMID- 3903156 TI - Topical heparin for recurrent genital herpes simplex virus infections. A proposed model for subsequent therapeutic trials. AB - A randomized, prospective, placebo-controlled, double-blind study was done of topical heparin for recurrent genital herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections. Our experience can serve as a model for those interested in studying their own approaches to the outpatient treatment of genital HSV in virtually any clinical setting, from standard test dose clinic to private practice. PMID- 3903155 TI - Obesity: a review. PMID- 3903157 TI - A double blind placebo controlled crossover randomized trial of diltiazem in Raynaud's phenomenon. AB - We report the results of a double blind placebo controlled crossover randomized study of the calcium channel blocking agent diltiazem in the treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon. Our results showed a significant reduction in both frequency and duration of attacks of vasospasm in the hands. There was no detectable difference in response between patients with primary and those with secondary Raynaud's phenomenon. Our study supports the use of calcium channel blocking agents in the treatment of intermittent digital vasospasm. PMID- 3903158 TI - Penicillamine in ankylosing spondylitis: a double blind placebo controlled trial. AB - A double blind placebo controlled trial was carried out over a 6-month period on 17 patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) to assess the effect of the second line antirheumatic drug, D-penicillamine. The patients included 13 with peripheral joint involvement. No significant improvement over placebo was detected in a variety of clinical and laboratory indices in the patients receiving active treatment. This controlled trial would not support a use for penicillamine in AS. PMID- 3903159 TI - Rare adverse reactions to nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. 4. PMID- 3903160 TI - Aristotle's ethics. PMID- 3903161 TI - Self-evaluation by house officers in a primary care training program. AB - Expertise in ambulatory care requires a broad range of knowledge and skills. A modified Delphi survey technique was used to delineate diagnoses, management techniques, and procedural skills in seven subspecialty areas necessary for house officers in a primary care internal medicine training program. Self-evaluation instruments were developed, and residents were asked to rate their abilities in the seven areas. At entry, the house officers generally had more confidence in their diagnostic abilities than in their management techniques and procedural skills. Progression through the training program was accompanied by increases in confidence in all areas except the behavioral sciences. The self-evaluation approach provided a longitudinal assessment of changes in the confidence of house officers throughout their training and an indication of the effectiveness of the educational program. PMID- 3903162 TI - Gestational diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance in an aged Macaca mulatta. AB - Gestational diabetes mellitus was diagnosed in an aged (21-year-old) pregnant rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta); she was hyperglycemic and had minimal glucose clearance in an intravenous glucose tolerance test (iv-GTT). An overweight (840 g) dead full-term fetus was delivered by cesarean section. A second iv-GTT conducted 3 months later revealed impaired glucose tolerance. While pregnant, the monkey was hyperinsulinemic and showed minimal secretory response to the glucose load. When tested postpartum, the fasting insulin was only slightly elevated, but the insulin response to glucose was still lacking. PMID- 3903163 TI - Partition of unit-copy miniplasmids to daughter cells. III. The DNA sequence and functional organization of the P1 partition region. AB - The boundaries of the P1 par (plasmid partition) region of the unit-copy plasmid P1 were defined to within 2.7 X 10(3) base-pairs of DNA. The DNA sequence of the region revealed two large open reading frames that could encode proteins of Mr 44,000 and Mr 38,000. Both would be read in the same direction. The first open reading frame corresponds to the par A gene, the Mr 44,000 protein product of which was shown to be trans acting and essential for partition. The second open reading frame (parB) follows closely and may be cotranscribed with par A. The codon usage frequency for parB is consistent with its producing a protein product. The ParB protein was identified in cell extracts as a product with an apparent Mr of 45,000, suggesting that it behaves anomolously on gel electrophoresis. Following parB is the incB region, an incompatibility determinant thought to be the cis acting site that constitutes the putative attachment point on the DNA for the cellular partition apparatus. Subcloning of this site showed it to consist of a maximum of 174 base-pairs. The incB sequence is highly A + T-rich and contains a 20 base-pair inverted repeat. Another A + T rich inverted repeat of similar size but different sequence is found between the putative parA promoter and the ribosome initiation sequence at the start of the parA open reading frame and may be involved in the autoregulation of ParA synthesis. The par region appears to contain a functional analog of the centromere of eukaryotic chromosomes. It is responsible for ensuring that newly replicated plasmids are properly distributed to daughter cells during cell division of its Escherichia coli host. PMID- 3903164 TI - Electron-microscopic examination of the binding of a large RNA polymerase III transcription factor to a tRNA gene. AB - A Saccharomyces cerevisiae RNA polymerase III transcription factor was previously shown to bind stably to tRNA genes. This transcription factor has been further purified on the basis of its large size and its binding to a S. cerevisiae tRNALeu3 gene has been examined by electron microscopy. Site-specific binding of the factor to the tRNALeu3 gene sharply bends the DNA. PMID- 3903165 TI - Evolution of the lipoprotein gene in the enterobacteriaceae. Cloning and DNA sequence of the lpp gene from Proteus mirabilis. AB - We cloned the lipoprotein gene from Proteus mirabilis and determined its DNA sequence. Comparison with the lpp genes from Escherichia coli, Serratia marcescens, Erwinia amylovora and Morganella morganii revealed several unique features of the evolution of the lpp gene in the Enterobacteriaceae and enabled us to establish phylogenetic relationships between these bacteria. PMID- 3903166 TI - Highly reiterated non-coding sequence in the genome of Plasmodium falciparum is composed of 21 base-pair tandem repeats. AB - Clones containing highly reiterated DNA sequences were isolated from a Plasmodium falciparum genomic library. One clone, Rep2, was selected for further characterization by nucleotide sequence analysis. The results revealed that the insert of this clone is composed of tandemly arranged 21 base-pair imperfect repeats. These repeats are estimated to comprise approximately 1% of the P. falciparum genome and there are 10(4) to 2 X 10(5) copies, depending on the genome size estimate used for calculation. Moreover, the repeats are organized in clusters and do not appear to be transcribed in non-synchronized P. falciparum cultures. PMID- 3903167 TI - Preliminary X-ray data for staphylococcal protease. PMID- 3903168 TI - Intermediate filament forming ability of desmin derivatives lacking either the amino-terminal 67 or the carboxy-terminal 27 residues. AB - Amino acid sequence data and results from limited proteolytic digestion have been used to define the three-domain structure of intermediate filament proteins. A centrally located highly alpha-helical domain of about 310 residues well conserved in sequence principles and length is flanked by the highly variable sequences of the non-alpha-helical headpiece and tailpiece. A direct involvement in filament formation of one or both terminal domains was previously proposed for desmin since chymotryptic removal of head and tailpiece provided a derivative unable to form filaments. In order to evaluate directly the importance of these regions we have prepared desmin derivatives lacking either the amino-terminal 67 (T-desmin) or carboxy-terminal 27 residues (L-desmin). Whereas the latter derivative is fully polymerization-competent the fragment lacking only the basic and arginine-rich headpiece cannot form filaments on its own and remains in a protofilamentous stage. These structures of T-desmin are not incorporated into filaments when mixed with protofilaments of desmin. If, however, the two proteins are mixed in 7 M-urea subsequent dialysis provides morphologically normal filaments containing T-desmin. The results suggest that at least certain hybrid protofilaments containing less than four headpieces are accepted in the filament. The removal of the 27 carboxy-terminal residues in L-desmin, although not interfering with filament formation, leads to a change in surface since filaments show lateral aggregation at 170 mM but not at 50 mM salt. The results are discussed in relation to current models of intermediate filament structure. PMID- 3903169 TI - Genetic reconstruction and functional analysis of the repeating lipoyl domains in the pyruvate dehydrogenase multienzyme complex of Escherichia coli. AB - The dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase component (E2p) of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex of Escherichia coli contains three highly homologous sequences of about 100 residues that are tandemly repeated to form the N-terminal half of the polypeptide chain. All three sequences include a lysine residue that is a site for lipoylation and they appear to form independently folded functional domains. These lipoyl domains are in turn linked to a much larger (about 300 residues) subunit-binding domain of the E2p chain that aggregates to form the octahedral inner core of the complex and also contains the acetyltransferase active site. In order to investigate whether individual lipoyl domains play different parts in the enzymic mechanism, selective deletions were made in vitro in the dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase gene (aceF) so as to excise one or two of the repeating sequences. This was facilitated by the high degree of homology in these sequences, which allowed the creation of hybrid lipoyl domains that closely resemble the originals. Pyruvate dehydrogenase complexes incorporating these genetically reconstructed E2p components were purified and their structures were confirmed. It was found that the overall catalytic activity, the system of active site coupling, and the ability to complement pyruvate dehydrogenase complex mutants, were not significantly affected by the loss of one or even two lipoyl domains per E2p chain. No special role can be attached thus far to individual lipoyl domains. On the other hand, certain genetic deletions affecting the acetyltransferase domain caused inactivation of the complex, highlighting particularly sensitive areas of that part of the E2p chain. PMID- 3903170 TI - The morphology and histology of the endocrine pancreas of the southern hemisphere lamprey, Geotria australis gray. AB - The location and arrangement of the pancreatic endocrine tissue in larval and adult Geotria australis (Geotriidae) differ markedly from those exhibited by the comparable stages of Northern Hemisphere lampreys (Petromyzontidae). In larval Geotria australis, the main zones of islet proliferation are located laterally between the oesophagus and the inner edge of the two large intestinal diverticula unique to this species rather than dorsal and ventral to the oesophagus. In adult Geotria australis, the islet follicles are closely packed into a single discrete capsule which could be easily removed surgically, rather than into cranial, intermediate, and caudal cords. The differences in the adult can be related to a lack of involvement of the bile duct in islet formation during metamorphosis. While B cells were found in both larval and adult islet follicles, the PI acidophilic cells and argyrophilic cells, which appeared respectively at stages 3 and 4 in metamorphosis, were present in all adult stages. PMID- 3903171 TI - Francois Fournier de Pescay: the unheralded precursor of the modern black physician. PMID- 3903172 TI - Update on cancer chemotherapy: general considerations and breast cancer. Part II. AB - An update of the state of the art of chemotherapeutic treatment of the late and early stages of breast cancer is described. Important progress has been made in the control of cancer of the breast since the introduction of effective cancer chemotherapy. Of the common tumors, breast cancer is the most responsive to a wide variety of cancer chemotherapeutic agents.Part I of this article (J Natl Med Assoc 77:8 639-647) reviewed the current use of cancer chemotherapeutic agents in general in the treatment of common types of cancer and the use of hormone therapy in the treatment of breast cancer. Part II describes the use of nonhormonal treatment of breast cancer. PMID- 3903173 TI - Immunoperoxidase study of primary central nervous system lymphomas. AB - Primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphomas have been perceived as CNS counterparts of systemic non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL). Their pathogenesis in respect to the cell of origin, however, has been controversial. A highly sensitive and specific immunoperoxidase method for cytoplasmic immunoglobulins (CIg) using anti-kappa and anti-lambda light-chain antisera in addition to antibodies against IgM, IgG, IgA and IgE heavy chains and J-chain was performed on 27 surgically removed and histologically confirmed primary CNS lymphomas. In order to increase the sensitivity, slides were treated with trypsin to expose the various CIg components. Results indicated that the majority of CNS lymphomas (20 cases or 74.01 percent) were negative for monoclonal CIg. Only four cases (14.81 percent) were definitely positive for CIg with monoclonal staining pattern. Results of the remaining three cases were inconclusive. Among those four cases with positive CIg, three were histologically identified as immunoblastic sarcomas according to the Luke-Collins classification. It is concluded that, in contrast to systemic NHL, primary CNS lymphomas are mostly negative for monoclonal CIg. Whether these CIg negative neoplasms are T and/or null cells in nature or whether they represent an unidentified group of neoplasms is not clear at the present. PMID- 3903175 TI - Use of CPAP mask as the sole mode of ventilatory support in trauma patients with mild to moderate respiratory insufficiency. AB - Thirty-three trauma patients presenting with hypoxemia and normo- or hypocarbia were treated with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) via a snug-fitting face mask. All patients had demonstrated continued hypoxemia despite supplemental oxygen administration before institution of CPAP therapy as the primary mode of ventilatory support. Therapeutic end-point of PaO2/FIO2 greater than 300 was achieved in 32 of 33 patients. Duration of CPAP treatment was 28 +/- 19 hours. Two patients (6%) required intubation, but neither for elevation in PaCO2. CPAP mask appears an effective means of support for mild to moderate post-traumatic respiratory insufficiency. PMID- 3903174 TI - Subchronic inhalation toxicity of isobutyl nitrite in BALB/c mice. II. Immunotoxicity studies. AB - Initial epidemiologic studies of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) occurring in homosexual men identified the use of the inhalants amyl, butyl, and isobutyl nitrite as possible risk factors contributing to the disease. Because of the lack of immunotoxicological data on these chemicals, we studied the effects of subchronic exposure to isobutyl nitrite (IBN) on the immune system. BALB/c mice were exposed to either 50 or 300 ppm IBN for 6.5 h/d, 5 d/wk for up to 18 wk. After 7, 13, or 18 wk of exposure, mice were killed and the following assays were performed. Antibody producing cells were enumerated by a slide plaque assay on animals immunized with sheep red blood cells while still in exposure chambers. The lymphocyte proliferative response to mitogens (phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A, pokeweed mitogen, and lipopolysaccharide) was tested using several concentrations of each mitogen. Additional mice were immunized with Freund's complete adjuvant 21 d prior to death and were tested for delayed hypersensitivity response to purified protein derivative by a radiometric skin test. Finally, the relative numbers of T cells and T-cell subsets among splenic lymphocytes from exposed and control animals were determined. At the time periods tested there were no discernable immunotoxic effects observed in the exposed animals in any of the assays performed. These results indicate that IBN, at the dosages tested, had no discernable detrimental effect on the immune system of mice. PMID- 3903176 TI - Facial resurfacing at Shriners Burns Institute: a 16-year experience in young burned patients. AB - The records of 1,220 pediatric and adolescent patients admitted with a diagnosis of facial burns or facial burn scars were reviewed. Four hundred fifty patients underwent resurfacing of the face with skin grafts or flaps. One hundred ten patients underwent resurfacing performed in aesthetic units and were followed for an average of 5.75 years. Our experience in managing the patients in the latter group suggests that donor sites from above the clavicle give an optimum color and texture match regardless of whether grafting is full or split thickness. PMID- 3903177 TI - An experimental study of the influence of magnetic fields on soft-tissue wound healing. AB - The influence of magnetized foil strips (Energy-Pak Ltd., Wolfhalden, Switzerland) on soft-tissue healing in the skin of laboratory rats was studied. Linear sutured wounds healing by primary intention have been assessed for tensile strength using Instron tensiometry, and open full-thickness defects healing by secondary intention have been analyzed for collagen content, histologic appearance, and rate of healing. Wounds were covered by the alternate magnetic Energy-Pak foil or by a dummy control. No differences in tensile strength, collagen content, histologic studies, or rate of healing were seen between the treated and control groups. PMID- 3903178 TI - Traumatic subarachnoid-pleural fistula. AB - Traumatic subarachnoid-pleural fistulas are rare. We found nine cases reported since 1959. Seven have been secondary to trauma and two following thoracotomy. One patient's death is thought to be directly related to the fistula. The diagnosis should be suspected in patients with a pleural effusion and associated vertebral trauma. The diagnosis can usually be confirmed with contrast or radioisotopic myelography. Successful closure of the fistula will usually occur spontaneously with closed tube drainage and antibiotics; occasionally, thoracotomy is necessary to close the rent in the dura. PMID- 3903180 TI - Sulindac hepatotoxicity: a case report and review. AB - A 44 year old female, previously on propranolol, phenytoin and phenobarbital, developed hepatotoxicity while on sulindac and acetaminophen containing analgesic. A limited review of hepatotoxicity and drug interactions of sulindac is presented. The possible mechanism of hepatotoxicity and its treatment is suggested. PMID- 3903181 TI - Intra-oral reconstruction using the nasolabial flap. AB - The nasolabial flap is a versatile instrument for intra-oral reconstruction. Eleven flaps were used in nine patients, six of whom had been previously irradiated. A homolateral neck dissection was performed at the same operation in six instances. Most patients had floor of mouth cancer with excisions involving exposure of the mandible. The defect at the donor site was minimal and well tolerated by these patients, five of whom are women. There was 100% survival of the flap in 10 of the 11, there being some necrosis of the tip in one flap which was doubled on itself to reconstruct both aspects of a lip defect. PMID- 3903179 TI - Strategies for determining the mechanisms of toxicity. PMID- 3903182 TI - The double paddle pectoralis major myocutaneous flap. AB - Many extended defects involving cover and lining about the head and neck can be rehabilitated by the double paddle pectoralis major myocutaneous flap. In this report, the flap, its technique of development, uses, and advantages are highlighted in 10 cases. PMID- 3903183 TI - The effect of preparative protocol on the cytoskeleton ultrastructure observed in extracted whole-mount BHK cells. AB - Extracted BHK cells (baby hamster kidney) were prepared for electron microscopy by air-drying (with Freon 113), critical-point-drying, and freeze-drying. Variations in the drying procedures had a marked effect on the resultant cytoskeleton ultrastructure. Air drying had to be done in a Freon-saturated atmosphere, residual water had to be removed from the dehydrating solutions and carbon dioxide for critical-point-dried specimens, and freeze-drying had to be done at temperatures lower than -90 degrees C. Failure to exercise these precautions resulted in a cytoskeleton ultrastructure artifact, possibly caused by fusion of the cytoskeleton filaments. PMID- 3903184 TI - Mica sandwich technique for preparing macromolecules for rotary shadowing. AB - The sandwich technique, in which a drop of sample solution is spread into a thin layer between two pieces of freshly cleaved mica, is a simple-to-use alternative to spraying for depositing macromolecules onto mica. Test specimens of collagen molecules and actin filaments were found to suffer less shear-induced damage, they were more uniformly distributed, and only very small sample volumes were needed. Either drying from a glycerol solution (40-70% v/v) or freeze-drying can be employed. Glycerol-drying is simpler, but freeze-drying may offer better preservation of supra-molecular assemblies. PMID- 3903185 TI - Antenatal ultrasound findings in fetal triploidy syndrome. AB - Although commonly encountered in spontaneous abortions, triploidy is rarely seen in fetuses surviving beyond mid-pregnancy. Mid-trimester sonographic findings in three triploid fetuses are described and compared with those reported in six prior cases. While sonographic characteristics are variable, common features include: 1) second trimester-onset fetal growth retardation with a reduced growth potential pattern of anthropometric growth, 2) body asymmetry with relative macrocephaly and an elevated head:abdominal circumference ratio, 3) hydrocephalus, 4) oligohydramnios, and 5) an abnormally large and/or hydropic placenta (in cases of paternal origin). Genetic amniocentesis and amniotic fluid chromosome studies should be performed when ultrasound findings suggestive of fetal triploidy are identified. PMID- 3903186 TI - A comparison of sector and linear array scanners for the measurement of the fetal femur. AB - This study was designed to determine whether differences between sector and linear array scanners introduce variability in fetal femur length measurements, used to determine gestational age. Twenty transducers from 15 machines were tested with the manufacturers' approval. Machines were coded to maintain anonymity. Three different sized sections of plastic straws were scanned in a water bath. All measurements were made by the same investigator. Measurements were adjusted to compensate for the difference in sound velocity in water, which introduced a 3.36 per cent error in apparent depth of the image for linear array scanners, and a 3.36 per cent error in apparent depth and length for sector scanners. A large variation in measurements was obtained, although the differences were usually within acceptable limits (approximately 4 per cent). Linear array scanners were found to give similar readings as sector scanners. PMID- 3903187 TI - Congenital uterine anomalies and associated pregnancies: findings and pitfalls of sonographic diagnosis. AB - Fifteen pregnancies occurring in 13 patients with congenital uterine anomalies were analyzed. The anomalies included bicornuate uteri (nine cases), subseptate uteri (two), septated uteri (one), and uterus didelphys (one). Identification of a bilobed uterine contour with an anterior and/or posterior indentation, an eccentrically located gestational sac, and echogenic endometrial debris in the nongravid horn, reliably indicated a coexistent uterine anomaly. Uterine anomalies became difficult or impossible to identify with increasing gestational age. Entities potentially confused with uterine anomalies include cornual leiomyomata, ectopic gestation, placental septations, and uterine scarring. Awareness of the sonographic findings of pregnancies in anomalous uteri should improve their detection and may alter obstetrical management. PMID- 3903188 TI - Sonographic diagnosis of bicameral gallbladders: a report of three cases. AB - Three cases of bicameral gallbladder are reported; the fundal chamber could be visualized by oral cholecystography in only one of these cases. However, all structures were well visualized sonographically. Ultrasonography is thus regarded as essential for the diagnosis of bicameral gallbladders and for detecting any calculi within them. PMID- 3903189 TI - Minicomputer-based system for obstetric ultrasound analysis, with multi-user and networking capability. AB - A computer-assisted approach to the dating of gestation and the evaluation of fetal growth by ultrasonography that relies on a computer-based information management system of a general hospital is described. The system processes, stores, retrieves, and compares ultrasound data, and a report can be generated by the ultrasonographer while the patient is still on the examining table. A major feature is that the system can be accessed by any authorized user from any terminal within the hospital where obstetric ultrasound examinations are performed and from off-site physicians' offices. The large memory capacity, the networking among several data bases, and the statistical manipulation capabilities of the system make it ideal for clinical research. PMID- 3903190 TI - A technique for mid-trimester termination of pregnancies with severe oligohydramnios. PMID- 3903191 TI - Prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of choledochal cyst. PMID- 3903192 TI - Cysts of the choroid plexus in neonates: documentation and review of the literature. PMID- 3903193 TI - Sonographic diagnosis of thrombosis of the superior mesenteric vein and small bowel infarction. PMID- 3903194 TI - Sonographic appearance of an inflatable penile prosthesis. PMID- 3903195 TI - Serial echo-Doppler measurements of human fetal abdominal aortic blood flow. AB - An echo-Doppler duplex scanner (DS) was used to make serial noninvasive measurements of human fetal abdominal aortic blood flow (Q). In 18 uncomplicated pregnancies (16 weeks to term), Doppler shifted frequency spectral waveforms (delta f), Doppler incident angles (theta), and peak systolic lumen diameters (D) were measured. Using the measured values of delta f and theta, the temporal average blood velocity (V) in the cardiac cycle was calculated from the Doppler equation. Values of Q were calculated using the equation: Q = pi X (D2/2) X V X HR, where HR is the heart rate. Gestational age (GA) and fetal weight (FW) were estimated from biparietal and transverse abdominal diameters. Each fetus was studied three to eight times at 2- to 4-week intervals. Results showed that Q increased nonlinearly with GA. Normalized to estimated FW, values of Q/kg did not vary significantly with estimated GA and gave an overall mean value (+/- standard deviation) during gestation of 184 +/- 35 ml/kg/min. PMID- 3903196 TI - The subplacental complex: further sonographic observations. AB - The subplacental complex, which represents vascular channels at the placental myometrial junction, is a structure that is routinely seen sonographically in patients with posteriorly placed placentas, but not in those with anteriorly placed placentas. This study shows that the subplacental complex is a constant anatomic feature of the placenta regardless of whether it develops on the anterior or posterior uterine wall, and can be visualized in most patients if the subplacental complex is in the focal plane of the transducer. This has important implications in patients with anterior placentas that are being evaluated for abruption or in patients in whom fetal parts lie just beneath the anterior myometrial wall. PMID- 3903197 TI - Portable ultrasound examinations in intensive care units. AB - The portability of modern real-time ultrasound units has led to a marked increase in the demand for examinations in medical, surgical, and pediatric intensive care units, the pediatric nursery, and the operating room. The results of all portable ultrasound examinations in the medical and surgical intensive care units at the Massachusetts General Hospital over a four-month period were analyzed to determine the efficacy of such studies. Of 48 examinations, portable sonograms were useful in 90 per cent, found new, clinically important information in 17 per cent, and led to misleading information in 4 per cent. Portable ultrasound examinations are valuable clinically and are probably cost effective. PMID- 3903198 TI - Clavicular measurement: a new biometric parameter for fetal evaluation. AB - Fetal clavicular length was measured sonographically in 85 fetuses with gestational ages ranging from 15 to 40 weeks. Biparietal diameter (BPD) and femur length (FL) were also measured. A linear correlation was found between clavicular length and gestational age (coefficient of correlation = 0.81). A simple relation was found: The gestational age in weeks is approximately equal to the length of the clavicle as expressed in millimeters. The measurement of clavicular length can be a useful parameter for the estimation of gestational age and in the detection of congenital anomalies that affect the clavicles. Clavicular measurements may also prove useful in the detection of macrosomic fetuses at high risk for obstructed labor or shoulder dystocia. PMID- 3903199 TI - The role of ultrasonography in the detection of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). AB - Three cases of extrapulmonary tuberculosis are presented. Retroperitoneal and periportal adenopathy were the major manifestation of the disease detected by ultrasonography in all three cases. All of the patients were subsequently diagnosed as having acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The lymphohematogenous dissemination of the disease and the diagnostic role of ultrasonography are discussed. PMID- 3903200 TI - Ventricular size in newborn infants. AB - Cranial ultrasound examinations were performed on 533 infants of between 48 and 96 hours of age to establish the range of ventricular size in neonates of different gestational ages in whom there was no evidence of intraventricular hemorrhage or neural tube defects. It was found that ventricular size did not vary in infants with gestational age of 26 weeks or more. Only 15 (2.8 per cent) neonates had a ventricular width of greater than 3 mm. Of these 15 infants, 13 were re-examined within the first year of life and found to be neurologically and developmentally normal. PMID- 3903201 TI - Placental thickness. AB - The sonograms of 200 randomly selected singleton pregnancies were reviewed. Placental thickness was measured and correlated with menstrual age. The placenta was demonstrated to increase in thickness with advancing menstrual age. At no stage of pregnancy was the normal placenta greater than 4 cm in thickness. Potential pitfalls in measuring placental thickness are addressed, as well as potential causes of aberrations in placental thickness. PMID- 3903202 TI - Guidelines for obstetrical scanning and reporting: the legal necessity. PMID- 3903203 TI - Anencephaly with encephalocele in craniopagus twins: prenatal diagnosis by ultrasonography and computed tomography. PMID- 3903204 TI - Sonographic appearance of pseudomembranous colitis. PMID- 3903205 TI - Enlarged iliopsoas bursa simulating neoplasm on sonographic examination. PMID- 3903206 TI - Generalized testicular hyperechogenicity in acute testicular torsion. PMID- 3903207 TI - Sonographic findings in leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata: a case report and literature review. PMID- 3903208 TI - Sonographic delineation of the neonatal acetabular labrum. PMID- 3903209 TI - Sonographic evaluation of the testicular feminization syndrome. PMID- 3903210 TI - Sonographic diagnosis of adult hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. PMID- 3903211 TI - Sonographic demonstration of post-abortion intrauterine osseous tissue. PMID- 3903212 TI - Use of a bacterial expression vector to identify the gene encoding a major core protein of vaccinia virus. AB - The DNA sequence of a vaccinia virus late gene contains an open reading frame that corresponds to the 28,000-dalton (28K) polypeptide made by in vitro translation of hybrid-selected mRNA. To further characterize the protein product of this late gene, we cloned a segment of DNA containing part of the open reading frame into a bacterial expression vector. The fusion protein produced from this vector, containing 151 amino acids of the predicted vaccinia virus protein, was used to immunize rabbits. The resulting antiserum specifically bound to a major 25K structural protein that is localized in the core of vaccinia virions, as well as to a 28K protein found in infected cells. Pulse-chase experiments indicated that the 25K core protein is originally made as a 28K precursor. PMID- 3903214 TI - Reflux nephropathy. PMID- 3903213 TI - Mutagenesis of bacteriophage T7 and T7 DNA by alkylation damage. AB - We have developed a new assay for in vitro mutagenesis of bacteriophage T7 DNA that measures the generation of mutations in the specific T7 gene that codes for the phage ligase. This assay was used to examine mutagenesis caused by in vitro DNA synthesis in the presence of O6-methylguanosine triphosphate. Reversion of one of the newly generated ligase mutants by ethyl methanesulfonate was also tested. PMID- 3903215 TI - Urethroplasty management in 100 cases of urethral stricture: a rationale for procedure selection. AB - We performed 100 urethroplasties for urethral strictures that fulfilled our criteria for surgical intervention. Strictures were located in the pendulous urethra in 14 cases, bulbar urethra in 33 and membranous urethra in 32, while the entire urethra or multiple adjacent areas were strictured in 21. The etiology of the strictures was traumatic in 47 patients and inflammatory in 22, and no cause was identified in 31. One-stage repairs were performed in 76 cases. Anastomotic repairs were optimal for short traumatic strictures, with 1 failure among 29 cases. Full thickness skin graft repairs were performed for more lengthy inflammatory strictures in 34 cases, with 5 failures. Mitigating against success in these patients were extrapenile skin donor sites, tubed grafts and poor graft beds. Vascularized island flap repairs were performed in 13 patients with 1 failure but there was an associated problem of redundant repairs. Two-stage repairs were reserved primarily for long or multiple strictures, with 2 failures in 24 cases. We conclude that procedure selection should be determined by stricture characteristics, including location, etiology, length and the presence of local adverse factors. An over-all rate free of stricture of 91 per cent was achieved. PMID- 3903216 TI - The prognosis of surgically treated congenital hydronephrosis after diagnosis in utero. AB - Nine patients with a prenatal ultrasonic diagnosis of unilateral ureteropelvic junction obstruction underwent pyeloplasty in early neonatal life. Based on radiological and renographical assessment of the results, immediate postnatal intervention had no demonstrable advantage over those subjects in a control group who underwent an operation after presenting with symptoms. Half of the children in both groups had normal parenchymal function of the hydronephrotic kidney. Because of the operative complications we found it unacceptable to operate on neonates without symptoms and with normal function of the affected kidney. The advantage of prenatal diagnosis lies in the early recognition of the necessity of close surveillance. The primary indications for surgical intervention should be symptoms and impairment of the hydronephrotic kidney function. PMID- 3903217 TI - Fetal uropathies: diagnostic pitfalls and management. AB - Based on the experience of 63 antenatal diagnoses of fetal uropathic conditions we discuss the diagnostic problems, practical implications of antenatal diagnosis and potential indications of in utero intervention. A correct diagnosis was established in 43 of the 63 cases (70 per cent). Diagnostic problems were encountered in differentiating among multicystic dysplastic kidneys and ureteropelvic junction obstruction, dilatation owing to reflux or obstruction and lack of visualization of small hypoplastic kidneys. Transitory urinary tract dilatation was found in 14 cases (22 per cent) and can be responsible for additional false positive findings. Evaluation of the thoracic development and amniotic fluid must be part of the examination, since they are related to severe obstructive uropathy. Repeat examinations are necessary in these cases. During evaluation of the eventual benefit of an in utero decompression one should consider the diagnostic difficulties, mainly the time of onset of fetal uropathic conditions during morphogenesis and the absence of a clinically reliable method to evaluate fetal renal function. To date there are no real indications for in utero intervention in most detectable cases. The major benefit of prenatal echography is to allow early recognition of major uropathic conditions before postnatal infection worsens the prognosis. PMID- 3903218 TI - The manifestation and management of late urological complications in renal transplant recipients: use of the urological armamentarium. AB - The incidence of urological complications in renal transplant patients is well documented. The majority of these complications occur in the early postoperative period; late occurrences (more than 3 months) are much less common. We have had experience with 7 patients who presented with late complications 3 months to 7 years after transplantation: ureteral obstruction occurred in 4 patients, ureteral disruption or laceration in 2 and neurogenic bladder with hydronephrosis in 1. Management of these patients has been varied and has included cystoscopic stent placement, Boari flap, ureteropyelostomy, ureteroneocystostomy, bladder augmentation and urinary undiversion. Grafts have been salvaged in 6 of 7 patients. Transplant patients who present with late urological complications can be challenging. However, the potential for intervention and graft salvage is excellent. PMID- 3903219 TI - Epidermoid cysts of the testis: role of conservative surgery. AB - Epidermoid cysts of the testis are rare benign lesions that clinically resemble intratesticular neoplasms. Preoperative testicular ultrasound and an operative frozen section biopsy may help to establish the diagnosis without resorting to orchiectomy. In such selected cases local excision alone should be considered adequate without violating accepted surgical principles. PMID- 3903220 TI - Hyperammonemic coma due to Proteus infection. AB - Hyperammonemic coma without liver disease or associated deficiencies in urea cycle enzymes is rare. We report a case and discuss the pathophysiological findings of hyperammonemic coma secondary to Proteus mirabilis urinary tract infection. PMID- 3903221 TI - Comparison of tissue culture cells and histological sections for use in screening monoclonal antibodies. AB - Monoclonal antibodies have been screened using either tissue culture cells or histologic sections as a source of antigen. We evaluated and compared these two methods using six murine monoclonal antibodies on human kidney cultures and histologic sections of human normal kidney and renal carcinoma. Antibody binding demonstrated shared antigens on kidney culture cells, renal tubular cells and renal carcinoma cells. The patterns of antibody binding were generally similar with either cultured cells or histologic sections. However, certain antibodies demonstrated significant differences in antibody binding depending on the method used for screening. PMID- 3903222 TI - Elastase--does this enzyme play any role in bladder cancer invasion? AB - Elastase activity in bladder cancer tissue and normal bladder epithelium was assayed with succinyl trialanine paranitroanilide (Suc-Ala3-NA), a synthetic substrate of elastase. Elastase in the tissue extract liberated paranitroanilide (NA) from Suc-Ala3-NA and coexistant endopeptidases produced alanine-NA and dialanine-NA. These products were detected by high performance liquid chromatography. All activities of elastase and endopeptidases in bladder cancer tissues from 20 patients are significantly higher than those in 17 normal bladder epithelia. In 20 bladder cancer cases evaluated, the relation between the activities of elastase and endopeptidases and the background factors of each bladder cancer case was examined. There was a significantly different activity of elastase between the superficial bladder cancer group (less than or equal to T1) and the invasive group (T2 less than or equal to). Elastase is assumed to play an important role in cancer invasion. PMID- 3903223 TI - The fate of the bladder in patients with metastatic bladder cancer treated with cisplatin, methotrexate and vinblastine: a Northern California Oncology Group study. AB - We report the efficacy and toxicity of combined cisplatin, methotrexate and vinblastine for the treatment of metastatic transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder in 50 evaluable patients. Of these 50 patients 17 had not undergone cystectomy and had residual invasive bladder cancer. Of these 17 patients 11 had complete response of the bladder lesions following cisplatin, methotrexate and vinblastine for metastatic disease, including 6 of 12 treated by cisplatin, methotrexate and vinblastine alone, and 5 of 5 treated with cisplatin, methotrexate and vinblastine plus palliative or preoperative pelvic irradiation. Complete response was confirmed in 10 of the 11 patients by endoscopy and biopsy, and in 1 by cystectomy. One patient whose liver metastasis responded to cisplatin, methotrexate and vinblastine had conversion to complete response by cystectomy for persistent bladder cancer. Of these 17 patients 7 are alive, including 5 without disease, 4 to 41 months after treatment. The bladder appears to be responsive to this combination chemotherapy for invasive transitional cell carcinoma. This experience underscores the need for regular pathological re staging of the bladder cancer in patients receiving chemotherapy. PMID- 3903224 TI - Spontaneous intratesticular hemorrhage masquerading as a testis tumor. AB - Spontaneous, intratesticular hemorrhage is a rare occurrence. We report on a patient who presented with painless testis enlargement, and was believed to have a testis tumor based on physical examination and ultrasonography. Diagnosis was made only after orchiectomy and histopathological examination. PMID- 3903225 TI - Differential quantitation of urinary beta-glucuronidase of human and bacterial origins. AB - A method for the differential quantitation of urinary beta-glucuronidases of human and bacterial origins is presented. The activity of human enzyme at pH 6.5 was 36 per cent of its peak activity at pH 5.0 while the activity of bacterial enzyme at pH 5.0 was 20 per cent of its peak activity at pH 6.5. By simultaneous determination of the activity in a mixture of the enzymes of these two sources at both pH 5.0 and 6.5 and by simple mathematic proportion the individual activity of human and bacterial enzymes could be determined separately. This provides a quick method for differential diagnosis between bacterial and non-bacterial disease of the urinary system. PMID- 3903226 TI - Contraction and relaxation induced by some prostanoids in isolated human penile erectile tissue and cavernous artery. AB - Contractant and relaxant effects of prostaglandins (PG) F2 alpha, E1 and E2, prostacyclin (PGI2), the thromboxane A2 agonist U46619 and the prostaglandin endoperoxide analogue U44069 were investigated in isolated preparations of the human corpus cavernosum, corpus spongiosum and cavernous artery. In corpus cavernosum and corpus spongiosum preparations, PGF2 alpha produced concentration dependent contractions showing rhythmic variations in tension. The contractions were effectively relaxed by carbachol and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. U46619, U44069 and PGI2 also contracted corpus cavernosum and corpus spongiosum strips at resting tension, U46619 being the most potent drug. PGE1 and PGE2, but not PGI2 relaxed corpus cavernosum and corpus spongiosum preparations contracted by noradrenaline (NA) and PGF2 alpha. PGE1 was the more effective agent; high concentrations of PGE2 produced contraction. In cavernous artery segments, PGF2 alpha produced concentration-dependent contractions. No oscillations in tension were observed; carbachol had no relaxant action, but VIP effectively relaxed the vessels. U46619 and U44069, but not PGI2 had contractant effects on cavernous artery segments at resting tension. PGE1 and PGI2, but not PGE2 relaxed NA contracted vessel preparations; all agents (PGE2 less effectively) relaxed PGF2 alpha contracted vessel segments. It is concluded that cavernous artery and erectile tissue proper (corpus cavernosum and corpus spongiosum) differ importantly in their reaction to various prostanoids. It cannot be excluded that products of the arachidonate cascade can be involved in the control of penile tumescence and erection. PMID- 3903227 TI - Distal revascularization and microvascular free tissue transfer: an alternative to amputation in ischemic lesions of the lower extremity. AB - Most lower extremity amputations result from complications of diabetes and arterio-sclerotic occlusive diseases below the inguinal ligament. Improved limb salvage has been achieved by an aggressive approach to distal revascularization in the severely ischemic lower extremity. There remains, however, a high incidence of amputation resulting from progression of the ulceration or gangrene into deeper and less well-vascularized tissues, such as tendon and bone. Even in the nonischemic extremity, such wounds rarely heal without flap coverage. Microvascular free tissue transfers promote healing by providing coverage with healthy, nondiseased, well-vascularized tissue for these difficult defects. Successful free flap transfer requires a high-pressure recipient inflow vessel. In contrast to individuals with nonarteriosclerotic lesions, many individuals with nonhealing ischemic lesions have no acceptable artery demonstrated on high resolution angiography to serve as a recipient vessel. Limb salvage has been achieved in four candidates for amputation utilizing distal revascularization followed by free tissue transfer coverage of the ischemic lower leg defects. PMID- 3903228 TI - Continuous-wave Doppler in the intraoperative assessment of carotid endarterectomy. AB - A sterile 8.5 MHz continuous-wave Doppler probe was used intraoperatively to evaluate the technical result of 229 consecutive carotid endarterectomies. Primary areas of evaluation included the proximal point of plaque transection and the internal and external carotid arteries at and distal to the termination of the endarterectomy. Subjective interpretation was made of the Doppler audio signal. Signs associated with inadequate technical results were a high-frequency signal indicative of luminal narrowing with a reduction in frequency distal to the area of stenosis, absence of a Doppler signal indicating occlusion, and a weak monophasic flow signal indicating poor distal perfusion. Abnormal signals were identified in 10 internal carotid arteries (4.3%) which prompted intraoperative angiography in eight and immediate reopening of the artery in an additional two. Significant lesions were identified in seven arteries (70%). Twenty external carotid lesions (8.7%) were detected by Doppler and in 19 cases (95%) a significant stenosis or obstruction was found when the vessel was reopened. Auscultation of a continuous-wave Doppler signal with a sterile probe at operation appears to have a high positive predictive value in the identification of both internal and external carotid stenoses. It is rapid, safe, relatively inexpensive, and avoids the problems associated with routine intraoperative angiography. PMID- 3903229 TI - Management of tunnel infections of dialysis polytetrafluoroethylene grafts. AB - Extensive tunnel infections of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) dialysis grafts have traditionally been managed by total excision, including venous and arterial anastomoses. This article describes an alternative vascular approach to excision of infected dialysis PTFE grafts; success occurred in 14 of 15 excised grafts in 12 patients. The surgical procedure consisted of a 2 to 3 mm oversewn cuff of PTFE left at the arterial anastomosis, with excision of the remaining graft including the venous anastomosis. The entire tunnel tract was opened, debrided, and irrigated extensively with cefazolin solution. Wounds were closed over drains. Fourteen PTFE graft excisions healed without sequelae. This small but successful series of excised, infected PTFE dialysis grafts supports the procedure to leave a small cuff of oversewn PTFE on the artery and to close the wounds primarily over drains. PMID- 3903230 TI - Many groups offer AIDS information, support. PMID- 3903231 TI - Prevention of traveler's diarrhea. PMID- 3903232 TI - Taking a page from a medieval sage. PMID- 3903233 TI - Social mores influence lessons of science. PMID- 3903234 TI - Full-text medical literature retrieval by computer. A pilot test. AB - A pilot test of a full-text, medical literature retrieval service demonstrated its capabilities for on-line search and retrieval of references, abstracts, and/or full-text journal articles. During a three-month test period, more than 500 health care professionals conducted 9,377 searches using computer terminals located in seven different health care sites. Searches were initiated for purposes of patient care, medical education, research, or for browsing. The majority of responders to a questionnaire given during the test period said they would continue to use the service during the pilot test, and only about 1% reported the search process difficult to use or not "user-friendly." It is predictable that with a comprehensive data base, full-text medical literature retrieval can be very useful for medical practice, medical education, and research. PMID- 3903235 TI - Diagnostic and therapeutic technology assessment. Stereotactic cingulotomy. PMID- 3903236 TI - "Navelitis". PMID- 3903237 TI - Quest for the grave of Dr Nathaniel Chapman. PMID- 3903238 TI - The psychological lesson of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. PMID- 3903239 TI - Ribavirin treatment of respiratory syncytial viral infection in infants with underlying cardiopulmonary disease. AB - Aerosolized ribavirin was evaluated in the treatment of respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract disease in 53 infants, 36 of whom had underlying diseases. Of the total infants, 26 were studied in a double-blind, placebo controlled manner; 14 received ribavirin and 12 received placebo, a water aerosol, for an average of five days. When the infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia and congenital heart disease treated with ribavirin were compared with those receiving placebo, the treated infants showed a significantly faster rate of improvement in their illness severity score. The degree of improvement in the total group of infants receiving ribavirin compared with those receiving placebo was similarly greater, and at the end of therapy significantly greater improvement was also demonstrated in their arterial blood gas values and in the amount of virus shed from their nasal washes. No toxic or adverse effects of the aerosol therapy were observed in any of the 53 infants studied, and resistance to ribavirin did not develop in any of the respiratory syncytial virus strains isolated, despite prolonged treatment in some of the more ill infants. PMID- 3903240 TI - Effects of prostacyclin (PGI2) on hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in the conscious adult sheep. AB - The effects of prostacyclin (PGI2) on alveolar hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction were investigated in the conscious adult sheep. In our model, hypoxia also produced increases in pulmonary arterial pressure (PPA) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), indicating pulmonary vasoconstriction. PGI2 was injected rapidly as a 0.5 microgram/kg bolus via the right atrium in five sheep during normoxia and hypoxia. During normoxia, PGI2 increased PPA and cardiac output, and decreased systemic arterial pressure (PSA), systemic vascular resistance (SVR) and PVR. Left atrial pressure did not change. During hypoxia following PGI2 administration, PPA decreased, CO increased, and PVR decreased, suggesting dilator action on the pulmonary resistance vessels. As the same time PSA and SVR decreased, suggesting dilator action on the systemic resistance vessels. However, the degree of the decline in PVR caused by PGI2 was much greater during hypoxia than during normoxia. The decreases in PSA and SVR induced by PGI2 were not significant between hypoxia and normoxia. These findings confirm that PGI2 decreases pulmonary and systemic vascular resistances in normoxic and hypoxic sheep. Moreover, during hypoxia, associated with the increased PPA and PVR, the administration of PGI2 appears to be particularly effective in "normalizing" these parameters. PMID- 3903241 TI - Recent progress in ultrasonic diagnosis of the heart: Doppler flow imaging. AB - It is appreciated that, linked with B-mode echocardiography, the real-time two dimensional Doppler flow imaging technique provides information on the heart, which has never been available with conventional methods, greatly improving the capabilities of cardiac ultrasound. In general, the concept of major heart disease consists of anatomical abnormalities and those in intracardiac flow condition. The present method provides information on these two aspects simultaneously; consequently, it is regarded as a closer approach to heart diseases, compared with conventional examinations and techniques. The equipment is also convenient to operate. The combination of real-time two-dimensional Doppler flow imaging and B-mode echocardiography is expected to become a standard tool of the ultrasound examination of the heart. PMID- 3903242 TI - Evaluation of left ventricular function using digital subtraction angiography. AB - To evaluate function of the left ventricle and myocardial perfusion images, digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was performed in 45 patients with ischemic heart disease. Validity of the technique was compared with data obtained from cine left ventriculogram in all patients and 201 T1 myocardial images in 20 patients. End-diastolic volume (EDV), end-systolic volume (ESV) and ejection fraction (EF) calculated from DSA were correlated closely with those from cine left ventriculogram (r = 0.92, r = 0.94 and r = 0.86, respectively). Regional contractility at the antero-lateral wall of the left ventricle, assessed by DSA, was also correlated well with cine left ventriculogram (r = 0.75). Evaluation of the inferior wall motion showed less correlation in both procedures (r = 0.68). Phase and amplitude analysis with the same technique with radionuclide cardiac angiography was successfully applied in left ventriculogram obtained by DSA. The procedure seems to be helpful for objective evaluation of the left ventricular wall motion. Myocardial perfusion image, obtained with modified Radtke's technique, showed good coincidence with 201 T1 images. Thus, DSA is applicable for evaluation of function of the left ventricle and myocardial perfusion in patients with ischemic heart disease. PMID- 3903243 TI - [A comparison of the effects of brotizolam and flurazepam as premedication--on biochemical laboratory values]. PMID- 3903244 TI - [Development and present status of a leptospiral vaccine and the technology of vaccine production in China]. PMID- 3903245 TI - [An outline of my bacteriological research studies]. PMID- 3903246 TI - [Genetic control of the immune response to Salmonella enteritidis antigen]. PMID- 3903247 TI - [Effects of thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid on germ tube formation and L-[14C(U)] proline uptake in Candida albicans]. PMID- 3903248 TI - Effect of dilazep on hemoglobin-oxygen affinity in patients with ischemic heart disease. AB - The effects of orally administered dilazep, an antianginal drug, on the hemoglobin-oxygen affinity were studied in 31 cases with ischemic heart disease. Prior to medication, the mean P50 value was 29.2 +/- 1.65 mmHg. There were no significant differences in the P50 value according to the age of patient or the severity of the coronary arterial disease. Acute effects of dilazep were studied in 29 patients. The 30 min and 60 min post-administration P50 values increased significantly to 30.2 +/- 2.55 mmHg and 30.4 +/- 2.31 mmHg, respectively. Eight patients were administered 300 mg of oral dilazep daily for 4 weeks. Three of 4 in whom exercise tolerance improved showed increases in P50. No changes in various factors which might affect the P50 value, including 2,3-DPG, were found. PMID- 3903249 TI - Clinical evaluation of the captopril screening test for primary aldosteronism. AB - In order to investigate the validity of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition with captopril as a screening test for primary aldosteronism (PA), 50 mg of captopril were administered orally to 7 patients with PA, 17 with essential hypertension (EH), 5 with renovascular hypertension (RVH), 2 with renoparenchymal hypertension (RH) and 8 normal volunteers. The plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) was suppressed to less than 15 ng/dl in all of the EH, RVH and RH patients and normal subjects 90 min after administration of captopril, but not suppressed in 6 of 7 patients with PA. In addition, the plasma renin activity (PRA) was increased to greater than 1 ng/ml/h in 10 of 17 patients with EH and in all with RVH, RH and the normal controls, but to less than that in 6 of 7 PA and the remaining EH patients. The PAC to PRA ratio after captopril was greater than 20 in all patients with PA, while it remained below 20 in EH, RVH and RH patients and normal controls. From these results, we conclude that the PAC to PRA ratio in the captopril administration test is a simple and useful tool to detect PA in hypertensive patients. In addition, the test has a great advantage in that it can be safely applied to outpatients with relatively severe hypertension. PMID- 3903250 TI - Changes of plasma renin activity following intracerebroventricular administration of biologically active peptides in two-kidney, one clip hypertensive rats. AB - We studied the effects of intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of angiotensin II (ANG II), bradykinin (BK), leucine-enkephalin (Leu-ENK) and neurotensin (NT) on plasma renin activity (PRA), blood pressure and heart rate in acute (less than 4 weeks) and chronic (more than 12 weeks) two-kidney, one clip (2K-1C) hypertensive rats. These four peptides all produced pressor responses. The pressor responses caused by ICV injection of ANG II, BK, Leu-ENK and NT in hypertensive rats did not differ significantly from the response in normal rats. In both acute and chronic 2K-1C hypertensive rats, ANG II and BK significantly suppressed PRA, NT did not affect PRA, and Leu-ENK produced a significant increase in PRA followed by a significant decrease in PRA. As compared to normal rats, suppression of PRA by ANG II and NT was attenuated or abolished but BK and Leu-ENK produced significant reductions in PRA in 2K-1C hypertensive rats. The results indicate that the effects of these four centrally administered peptides on blood pressure, heart rate and PRA in acute and chronic 2K-1C hypertensive rats were not essentially different from those in normal rats. PMID- 3903251 TI - Neurogenic hypertension in the Guillain-Barre syndrome. AB - We report a case of Guillain-Barre syndrome associated with hypertension. The hypertension was related to glossopharyngeal and vagal nerve impairment. Plasma noradrenaline concentration (NA) and plasma renin activity (PRA) were elevated. The possible mechanism of the neurogenic hypertension produced by the sino-aortic denervation is discussed. PMID- 3903252 TI - [The role of chemotherapy in metastatic pulmonary tumors in a disease-oriented phase II study of anticancer agent]. AB - It is essential to conduct a precise and scientific phase II study of anticancer agent to ascertain active drugs for the establishment of standard chemotherapeutic regimens. In this review, we discuss the rationales of phase II study of agents against metastatic pulmonary tumors as well as of postsurgical adjuvant chemotherapy. The results of the phase II study of cisplatin against metastatic pulmonary tumors in the National Cancer Center Hospital are discussed from the standpoint of a drug- and disease-oriented phase II study. PMID- 3903253 TI - [A case report of cystadenocarcinoma of the liver]. AB - A 65-year-old woman with cystadenocarcinoma of the liver is reported, and 21 Japanese patients cited in the previous literature are reviewed. In our case, CT and US demonstrated a huge solid tumor with calcification in the right lobe of the liver. Angiograms showed a hypovascular tumor with peripheral irregular neovascularity. ERCP showed compression of the extrahepatic bile duct. Right lobectomy of the liver was performed. The pathological diagnosis was cystadenocarcinoma of the liver. In our case, it was difficult to diagnose cystadenocarcinoma because the cystic mass had viscious contents and necrotic tissues, so CT and US showed findings of a solid tumor. PMID- 3903254 TI - [Present status of the multidisciplinary treatment of acute leukemia]. AB - Recently marked progress in many fields around the treatment of acute leukemia has resulted a marked improvement in the therapeutic results. Establishment of fundamental principles of therapy, i.e., understanding of remission induction, consolidation and maintenance has supported a systemic analysis of treatment. New antileukemia drugs such as Aclacinomycin, THP-adriamycin, Epirubicin, Mitoxantrone, Vindesine, Etoposide, PL-AC together with the immunotherapeutic agent i.e., Bestatin, kurestin and Nocardia-CWS were studied and found to show their merits in the treatment. Monitoring the patients by 5000 leukocyte differential or the development of new antibiotics or improvement of laminar air flow rooms etc, has supported the antileukemic therapy. Bone marrow transplantation, allogeneic, syngeneic or autologous, has shown a very rapid progress and is proved to be a reliable treatment with very high rate of complete cure. PMID- 3903255 TI - [Identification of a lymphocyte surface marker on blood smears. II. ABC method]. PMID- 3903256 TI - [Treatment of childhood non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with a multi-drug combination protocol including high-dose methotrexate and citrovorum factor rescue. Children's Cancer and Leukemia Study group]. PMID- 3903257 TI - [Results of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in leukemia]. PMID- 3903258 TI - [Severe aplastic anemia treated by allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, using immunoadsorbent for major ABO incompatibility]. PMID- 3903259 TI - [Memory--6. ACh, catecholamines and memory]. PMID- 3903260 TI - [Sleep--1. The physiology of sleep]. PMID- 3903261 TI - [Diagnosis of senile dementia]. PMID- 3903262 TI - [Intelligence in aging and senile dementia]. PMID- 3903263 TI - [Clinical aspects and neuropsychology of Alzheimer's disease]. PMID- 3903265 TI - [Experimental pharmacology of Alzheimer's disease]. PMID- 3903264 TI - [The neurochemistry of Alzheimer's disease]. PMID- 3903266 TI - [CT imaging of the aged brain and senile dementia]. PMID- 3903267 TI - [Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease ]. PMID- 3903268 TI - [Therapy of dementia in the aged]. PMID- 3903269 TI - [Intelligence disorder in Parkinson's disease and dementia]. PMID- 3903270 TI - [Family home care of the senile dementia patient]. PMID- 3903271 TI - [Care system for the dementia patient in society--institutions, home and hospices]. PMID- 3903272 TI - [Cardiovascular system transplantation. 7-1. Heart preservation by retrograde coronary sinus microperfusion]. PMID- 3903273 TI - [Cardiovascular system transplantation. 9. Development of histocompatibility testing and remedy for graft rejection]. PMID- 3903274 TI - [Biosynthesis of bilirubin and its structural isomers]. PMID- 3903275 TI - [Photoisomers of bilirubin. Stereoisomers and structural isomers]. PMID- 3903276 TI - [Binding of bilirubin to serum proteins]. PMID- 3903277 TI - [The hepatic cell membrane and bilirubin]. PMID- 3903278 TI - [Ligandin and Z-protein]. PMID- 3903279 TI - [Conjugation of bilirubin]. PMID- 3903280 TI - [Intestinal metabolism of bilirubin]. PMID- 3903281 TI - [Bilirubin metabolism in the human fetus and newborn infant]. PMID- 3903282 TI - [Animal models of abnormal bilirubin metabolism--Gunn rat and Corriedale sheep]. PMID- 3903283 TI - A case of congenital lymphoblastic leukemia: clinical course and significance of ultrasonography. AB - A case of congenital leukemia in which texture changes in ultrasonography were followed up is reported. The patient was a male infant hospitalized on day 22 after birth with multiple bluish skin nodules. Complete remission was achieved easily, but he relapsed early and died from the disease after six months. Because of L1 morphology the disease was classified as acute lymphoblastic leukemia, but the leukemic cells lacked the characteristics of lymphoid lineage on cytochemical, cytogenetic, immunological, and enzymological examination. Ultrasonography was considered a useful tool in the following respects for the treatment of the patient with congenital leukemia: The texture of the infiltration of leukemic cells into the liver was clearly visualized and changes in the images could be traced both in size and in number; the process of ventricular dilatation and brain atrophy were successively visualized. PMID- 3903284 TI - [Clinical implications of pancreatic polypeptide measurements]. PMID- 3903285 TI - [Glucagon-related polypeptides in health and disease]. PMID- 3903286 TI - [Application of microassay to laboratory medicine--immunoassay in laboratory tests]. PMID- 3903287 TI - [Intraarterial digital subtraction angiography (IADSA) of peripheral arteries with isotonic contrast materials]. PMID- 3903288 TI - [Ultrasonic diagnosis of gallbladder neoplasms]. PMID- 3903289 TI - [A case of partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection (PAPVC) diagnosed by RI angiography]. PMID- 3903290 TI - [A case of lymphangioma of the pancreas]. PMID- 3903291 TI - [Angiography of the head using Fuji computed radiography (FCR) system]. PMID- 3903292 TI - [The origin of the cystine-rich protein and human sole stratum corneum]. PMID- 3903293 TI - [An immunofluorescence study of fibronectin in experimentally induced transepithelial elimination]. PMID- 3903294 TI - [A case of Cronkhite-Canada syndrome--clinical evaluation of computed tomography and ultrasonography]. PMID- 3903295 TI - [Urinary excretion of cadmium, copper and zinc in workers exposed to cadmium]. AB - Changes in urinary cadmium, copper and zinc excretion in workers who had considerable exposure to cadmium oxide fumes were investigated over a 5-year period following the cessation of exposure. The 22 male subjects aged 22 to 55 had been welders on automobile parts for periods ranging from 7 months to 23 years, using silver solder which contained cadmium. They were divided into three groups according to levels of urinary cadmium in the first medical examination in 1975: 5 in the high excretion group, 11 in the moderate group, and 6 in the low group. Renal tubular dysfunctions were indicated in most workers in the high excretion group but not in the other two groups. The high and moderate groups showed a rapid decrease in the levels of urinary-excreted cadmium, with biological half-times of 1.42 and 1.21 years, respectively. Excreted cadmium levelled off in the two groups about 1.7 and 1.5 years after the last exposure. Urinary copper excretion in the high cadmium excretion group was about twice that in the moderate and low groups, the difference being statistically significant in comparison with the controls. Urinary zinc excretion was high in all subjects immediately after cessation of exposure but decreased rapidly. After three years it was found that the reduction of urinary zinc was greatest in the high cadmium group. Urinary cadmium showed significant correlations with both copper and zinc. Urinary copper showed a negative correlation with zinc excretion in the high cadmium excretion group and a significant positive correlation in the other two groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3903297 TI - [Treatment of juvenile diabetes using bone marrow transplants--use of an animal model]. PMID- 3903296 TI - [Multiple-site optical recording of action potentials]. PMID- 3903298 TI - An analysis of blood pressure effects of nipradilol and prizidilol in normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - Nipradilol and prizidilol are beta-adrenoceptor blocking drugs with vasodilator action. These drugs lowered blood pressure (BP) in spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats acutely (24 hr) and subacutely (3 weeks) at doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg per day, p.o., respectively. Nipradilol decreased plasma renin concentration in acute and subacute studies, whereas it was unchanged with prizidilol treatment. Paradoxical effects of these drugs on BP were analyzed further: BP determined indirectly at the tail was slightly higher in SHR rats than the control, whereas BP determined directly through an aortic cannula without anesthesia, restraint, or prewarming was lower. We found that the discrepancy between BP values determined directly and indirectly was due to the increase in BP by prewarming stress during the determination by the tail cuff method. PMID- 3903299 TI - [History of maternal health care and the present problems]. PMID- 3903300 TI - Personal reflections on the surgical treatment of portal hypertension. AB - Reports, early in this century, on the treatment of portal hypertension by surgical diversion of the portal blood flow about the liver were largely ignored because of the anticipated high mortality. Whipple, Blakemore and Lord in the early 1940's described a technique of performing a splenorenal or portacaval shunt with an epithelial lined vitallium tube. Blalock, whom I assisted, was one of the first outside of the Whipple Group to successfully perform such an operation. Although he used the vitallium tube technique in his first cases he soon became convinced that the results were better with a direct suture anastomosis. Venous shunts, which seemed such a logical way to treat portal hypertension, were widely and quickly adopted. Little attention was paid to the problem of portal encephalopathy which had been described in experimental animals years before by Pavlov. As some of the follow up studies on these shunted patients began to appear it was evident that this was a common and at times a severe problem. Some of the earliest doubts about the shunt operation were expressed by surgeons in Japan. The most successful methods developed to date for the treatment of portal hypertension provided a shunt for blood from the esophageal variceal region while at the same time preserving portal blood flow through the liver. Two of these methods have been the distal or selective splenorenal shunt proposed by Warren & Zeppa and the coronary caval shunt first described by Inokuchi. These methods, although somewhat more difficult technically than end to side portacaval shunts, reduce portal hypertension and preserve blood flow through the liver thereby lowering significantly the incidence of encephalopathy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3903301 TI - Cyclosporine and partial liver allotransplants in a simplified rat model. AB - We designed a simplified rat model to assess the effects of cyclosporine (CsA) on liver transplants. Auxiliary liver grafts consisting of 20 per cent of the whole liver were supplied with portal inflow and the bile was drained into the stomach. The cuff technique was used routinely for both end-to-end and end-to-side venous anastomoses. The host liver was totally deprived of portal inflow. Two inbred strains of rats, LEW and F344, were used for isograft (LEW----LEW) and allograft (F344----LEW). All survivors were killed at the end of the fourth week after transplantation. During four weeks, the isografts increased by 108 per cent in wet liver weight. Animals with allograft were treated with CsA given i.m., in a daily dose of 20 and 40 mg/kg for the first ten days post transplantation. The CsA-treated rats were free from parenchymal destruction of the allograft, as was characteristic of the allograft controls. The rats given CsA in the dose of 40 mg/kg showed a 173 per cent increase in the wet liver weight of the transplant, such being greater than allografts in rats on 20 mg/kg of CsA (100 per cent) and even than isografts. These results indicate that auxiliary partial liver grafts benefit from the use of CsA not only through suppression of allorejection but through a potential "hepatotrophic effect" of the agent. PMID- 3903302 TI - [Distribution of nervous system-specific enolase (NSE) and S-100 protein in the gastrointestinal tract of congenital aganglionosis rat]. AB - Immunobiochemical and immunohistochemical studies were performed to find out changes in neural and glial components of the intestine in congenital aganglionosis rats. Nervous system-specific enolase (NSE) was used as a marker of the neural component. S-100 protein was used as a marker of the glial component. NSE and S-100 protein were quantitated by highly sensitive immunoassay. And distribution of NSE and S-100 protein of the intestine was studied by immunohistochemical methods in fetal rats of various gestational age. The results of our studies were followed; Significant decrease in NSE and S-100 protein was found in the aganglionic segment. Although there was no decrease in NSE, significant decrease in S-100 protein was found in the ganglionic segment just proximal to the aganglionic narrow segment. In the studies using rat embryos, NSE positive cells and S-100 protein positive cells were identified in the more caudal intestine with increasing gestational age. In addition, NSE positive cells appeared in the intestine few days earlier than S-100 protein positive cells did. In conclusion, our studies disclosed that there was abnormality of the glial component as well as the neural component in the intestine of Hirschsprung's disease. PMID- 3903303 TI - [The clinical result of renal transplantation]. PMID- 3903304 TI - [An experimental study of renal parenchymal changes and suture methods for nephrotomy; on degeneration of canine renal tissue after one layer interrupted parenchymal suture]. PMID- 3903305 TI - [Thoracic duct drainage as pretreatment in the living related transplant patient: trial of low dose steroid immunosuppressive treatment]. PMID- 3903306 TI - [Transabdominal electronic sector scanning of the prostate]. PMID- 3903307 TI - [The beneficial effect of thoracic duct drainage pretreatment in living related kidney transplant patients]. PMID- 3903308 TI - Comparative growth of SJL/J lymphomas in irradiated and normal SJL/J mice: cell cycle distribution and tumor cell quantification. AB - Flow cytometric and biological quantification of tumor cells revealed that 650 rad gamma-radiation 1 day prior to iv injection of H-2Ds negative lymphoma cells into SJL/J mice resulted in approximately a fourfold (day 3) to twelvefold (day 7) decrease in the tumor cell content of lymphoid organs as compared to that in unirradiated mice. Approximately 1.6-fold less tumor growth was noted (day 7) in 700-rad gamma-irradiated as compared to growth in unirradiated (SJL/J X CBA/J)F1 mice. Distributions of tumor cells in S-phase of the cell cycle were comparable at days 3, 5, and 7 in irradiated and unirradiated mice. Although approximately 26% of splenic tumor cells were in S-phase at days 5 and 7 in irradiated SJL/J mice, splenic tumor cell content did not increase during this time period. The data indicate that early (prior to day 3) and late (after day 5) events are responsible for decreased tumor growth in irradiated mice. PMID- 3903309 TI - Shaw hemostatic scalpel. PMID- 3903310 TI - [Paper presentation at the Japanese Academy of Nursing Science: presentation of nursing as a science through testing of assumption of methodology in practice- development of the concept of nursing by Florence Nightingale]. PMID- 3903311 TI - [Social issues in the history of nursing after World War II. 6. Enactment of the law concerning PHN, midwife and nurse]. PMID- 3903312 TI - [Social issues in the history of nursing after World War II. 7. Nurses as members of the Diet]. PMID- 3903313 TI - [Spotlight: Michiko Kameyama, who was awarded Kikue Yamakawa Prize for the publication of "Study on Social Status and Evaluation of Nurses in Modern History of Nursing in Japan,. Vol. II, War and Nursing"]. PMID- 3903314 TI - [A renin-producing kidney tumor and arterial hypertension]. PMID- 3903315 TI - [Changes in the ECG Q-wave during exercise testing for the diagnosis of ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 3903316 TI - [Study of the left coronary artery by ultrasonic sectorial scanning]. AB - Ultrasonic sectorial scanning was used to investigate 34 survivors of wide-spread anterior myocardial infarction and 25 normal subjects. The image of the proximal portion of the left coronary artery (LCA) was obtained from the parasternal access in 94.9% and the apical access in 96.6% of cases. Increased density of the arterial wall was demonstrated in all patients. A method of assessing the density of the left coronary artery through the comparison of image intensities obtained for the LCA with those of aortic walls and valve, is suggested. PMID- 3903317 TI - [Evaluation of the potentialities of ultrasonic sectorial scanning for calculating left ventricular volumes by the disc method]. AB - Possibilities of estimating left-ventricular volumes on the basis of the disc method were examined, the primary data being provided by ultrasonic sectorial scanning. A simplified ventricular model for the estimation of volumetric parameters of unchanged and asymmetrically deformed hearts is described. The results of comparisons between the estimates and actual pathomorphologic measurements are presented. Methodological aspects of the investigation are discussed. A close correlation is demonstrated between the data obtained using the new technique and those obtained by the "area-length" method for ventriculography. PMID- 3903318 TI - [Comparative evaluation of a method for the longitudinal suturing of a difficult duodenal stump]. PMID- 3903319 TI - [Membranous stenosis of the stomach and duodenum in adults]. PMID- 3903320 TI - [Pathogenesis, symptoms and diagnosis of duodenogastric reflux and reflux gastritis in chronic calculous cholecystitis and following cholecystectomy]. PMID- 3903321 TI - [Surgical aspects of liver transplantation]. PMID- 3903322 TI - [A method of omentoplasty in cholecystojejunostomy]. PMID- 3903323 TI - [Pathogenesis of the formation of suppurative necrotic foot diseases in diabetes (review of the literature)]. PMID- 3903324 TI - [Characteristics of the anatomical relationships of the pancreatic ducts]. PMID- 3903325 TI - [Hemorrhage from pancreatic pseudocysts]. PMID- 3903326 TI - [Closed injuries to the pancreas]. PMID- 3903327 TI - [Complex assessment of the importance of noninvasive study methods in diagnosing chronic surgical diseases of the pancreas]. PMID- 3903328 TI - [Use of KL-3 medical glue in surgery of the organs of the hepatopancreatoduodenal area]. PMID- 3903329 TI - [Echography in acute destruction cholecystitis]. PMID- 3903330 TI - [Effect of insulin in liposomes on experimental subhepatic cholestasis]. PMID- 3903331 TI - [Computer echotomography in the diagnosis of forms of acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 3903332 TI - [Spontaneous rupture of a kidney transplant]. PMID- 3903333 TI - [Simultaneous photography or angiography of anterior and posterior eye segments in experimental animals]. AB - Simultaneous photographic or angiographic studies of the anterior and posterior segments requires a considerable reduction in the respective parts of the negatives; this can be avoided by simultaneous study of the one segment ipsilaterally and the other contralaterally (this can also be performed vice versa). Differences and common properties of the eyes of rabbits and miniature pigs and the human eye are described. Apart from the monkey eye, the pig eye is most readily comparable with the human eye as regards vasotopographic and vasomorphologic conditions. In addition, the courses of angiographies in the eyes of experimental animals were observed; measurements of fluorescein inflow and circulation times in the anterior and posterior segments in miniature pigs are presented. These were subjected to significance tests: only the difference in the inflow and outflow of the dye in retinal vessels was found to be statistically highly significant. The difference in inflow between choroidal and retinal vessels was not significant, though this may have been due to an error of measurement. The techniques and measurements described represent the basis of observation in miniature pigs with experimentally induced hypertension. PMID- 3903334 TI - [The world of the eye of Johann Heinrich Jung-Stilling (1740-1817)]. AB - Physiotheology, which was a powerful stimulus to European intellectual life in the 17th and 18th centuries, may also have been responsible for an upsurge of interest in ophthalmology, and in particular cataract surgery. The eye was an object of special interest to the world of those times. Notions such as vision and observation, light, enlightenment, and elucidation were understood as holistic processes. The work of Johann Heinrich Jung-Stilling (1740-1817), the "Oculist of the Age of Goethe", is also a world of the eye and of light. He regarded the eye as a metaphysical organ. In addition to his teaching activities- from 1778 to 1803 he was Professor of Economics, Public Finances and Political Science--Jung-Stilling remained a well-known oculist and an outstanding cataract surgeon to the end of his life. However, he won fame above all as a writer of popular literature and tracts, thus exercising a great influence on the revivalist movement at the end of the 18th century. In his writings there are numerous pointers to the interlinking of medical treatment and spiritual guidance in his ophthalmological work. PMID- 3903335 TI - [Local treatment of corneal transplants in the human with cyclosporin A]. AB - Cyclosporin eye drops (2% in miglyol) were administered in 4 glaucoma patients for postoperative treatment following keratoplasty. In the course of the 2-year follow-up period, one patient evidenced an immunoreaction that led to clouding of the transplant. In 25 patients, Cyclosporin eye drops (2% in castor oil) were given in combination with low-dose dexamethasone eye drops (0.1%). During a mean follow-up period of 10 months (5 to 14 months), 4 transplants clouded as the result of an immunoreaction. The intraocular pressure was not influenced by the combination therapy in 21 patients who did not have a history of glaucoma but increased slightly in 3 of 4 patients who did. Since Cyclosporin A had no influence on the stromal wound healing, it was possible to remove the corneal sutures 5 months postoperatively. All patients developed keratopathia punctata and slight conjunctivitis. The epithelial defects, which often showed a vortex like pattern, appeared at the end of the first postoperative week and were usually no longer detectable after 4 months. The tear production (Schirmer test) was not influenced or only slightly increased by Cyclosporin. Corneal infiltrates did not occur. If one compares the effects and side effects of Cyclosporin and dexamethasone, local application of Cyclosporin in combination with low-dose dexamethasone appears to be an effective treatment for corneal transplantation in Man. PMID- 3903336 TI - Thyroid function after surgery for autonomous and non-autonomous nodular endemic goitre--effect of iodide-substitution. AB - The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of postoperative iodide substitution on the function of thyroid remnants of different quality and quantity in order to define the appropriate prophylaxis (iodide or thyroid hormone) to prevent recurrent goitre. In a prospective, randomized clinical trial, the following patients were examined: group I: simple, non-autonomous nodular goitre, bilateral thyroidectomy (n = 40); group II: simple, non autonomous nodular goitre, "selective" (unilateral) thyroidectomy (n = 40); group III: autonomous nodular goitre, bilateral thyroidectomy (n = 40); group IV: autonomous nodular goitre, "selective" (unilateral) thyroidectomy (n = 35). The following parameters were measured 6 and 12 weeks postoperatively. Serum-total T4, -T3, -TSH, TRH-test, 99mTc-Thyroid-Uptake (TcTU). Six weeks postoperatively the 4 groups were separately randomized into controls and treatment groups, who received 200 micrograms iodide/day orally. Six weeks postoperatively, patients in group I had lower T4 levels and both basal and stimulated TSH were higher than in the other groups, however no significant differences were observed in T3, T4/T3 ratio and TcTU. Twelve weeks postoperatively patients from groups I, II and III, who had been treated with iodide, had lower T3 and TcTU values but higher T4 and T4/T3 than the appropriate controls. Basal and stimulated TSH showed no differences between controls and iodide-treated patients in these groups. In group IV, T4 and T3 showed a tendency to elevation (n.s.), and basal and stimulated TSH as well as TcTU were lower in patients with iodide.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3903337 TI - [The science of the kidney]. PMID- 3903338 TI - [Molecular pathology of the glomerular sialoglycoprotein podocalyxin, a major component of the glomerular polyanion in experimental and human minimal glomerular change]. AB - Visceral glomerular epithelial cells (or podocytes) are endowed with a highly polyanionic glycokalyx which is rich in sialic acid. We have identified a single sialoprotein - MW 140 kD - which we have called "Podocalyxin", and which is the major carrier of glomerular sialic acid. We have shown that podocalyxin of normal rat glomeruli contains 20 sialic acid residues per molecule, whereas in aminonucleoside nephrotic glomeruli only 4-5 sialic acid per molecule are present. We conclude that the loss of histochemical staining for the "glomerular polyanion" is due both to the reduction of sialic acid per podocalyxin molecule, and to the reduction of the surface of the podocyte's plasmalemma caused by spreading of footprocesses. We furtheron report that also in human glomeruli there is a sialoprotein which is distinct from rat podocalyxin in its electrophoretic mobility and immunological structure, but otherwise shows all features which are characteristic for rat podocalyxin. PMID- 3903339 TI - [Diagnosis and operative therapy of vesico-renal reflux]. AB - Detection and accurate grading of vesico-renal reflux is rendered difficult by the limited reliability of the different diagnostic procedures. Therapeutic decisions are therefore to a large extent influenced by the clinical situation. Properly performed antireflux surgery combines a high cure rate with a low complication rate. PMID- 3903340 TI - [Drug treatment of chronic glomerulonephritis: pro]. AB - This paper sets out the arguments for drug treatment of chronic glomerulonephritides (GN). Although the pathogenesis and mechanism of progression of chronic GN remained to be clarified, on the basis of controlled studies performed to date, there is a strong case to be made for an aggressive treatment approach to this disease spectrum. For instance, in patients with idiopathic membranous glomerulonephritis a six months treatment with chlorambucil (0.2 mg/KG/day) or prednisone (0.6 mg/KG/day) each given once a day over a period of three months has recently been shown to improve the outcome of the renal functional parameters after three years follow up. In another controlled trial a daily dose of 225 mg dipyridamole and 975 mg aspirin given over 12 months in patients with membrano-proliferative GN type I has been reported to normalize the increased platelet consumption rate and to stabilize the glomerular filtration rate. A third trial has demonstrated that the combined use of cyclophosphamide (100 mg/day) and prednisone (30 mg/day) over several months was superior to the use of prednisone alone (40 mg/day) in improving the long-term prognosis of diffuse-proliferative lupus nephritis (type IV, WHO). In some entities, however, as in IgA-nephritis there is still no evidence for a specific treatment improving the course of the chronic glomerular disease. Other therapeutic problems have to be solved: thus, in patients with minimal change nephropathy with a steroid dependent nephrotic syndrome the benefit of cyclophosphamide (given over three months) or of cyclosporin A is still being investigated. Furthermore, there is some evidence that progression of chronic GN, particularly that of glomerular sclerosing, can be prevented by a low protein diet. The role of eicosanoides and their inhibitors in this context has not yet been fully investigated. The different drug trials and new therapeutic concepts indicate a rapid development of chronic GN treatment. Therefore, a failure to treat actively is difficult to understand. PMID- 3903341 TI - [Drug treatment of chronic glomerulonephritis: contra]. AB - It is controversial whether the pathomechanisms involved in chronic idiopathic glomerulonephritis are susceptible to therapeutic intervention. Etiological therapy, i.e. elimination of the responsible antigen, is possible only in exceptional cases, e.g. tropical diseases, infected ventriculoatrial shunt etc. Antiinflammatory therapy directed against pathomechanisms initiating or maintaining glomerular inflammation has an uncertain theoretical foundation because of lack of knowledge relating to the exact steps mediating tissue injury. Recent studies suggest keyroles for terminal components of complement system, products of lipoxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid and oxygen radicals-all of which are not readily influenced by available therapeutic modulaties. Finally, progression of glomerular inflammation to renal failure is usually not the cause of cumulative acute inflammatory glomerular lesions but rather the consequence of progressive sclerosis of glomeruli, arterioles and interstitium. As examples of controlled intervention trials, studies on extramembranous and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis are discussed. The studies show limited and not always statistically significant influence on renal function, however, at the expense of considerable side effects. It is concluded that it is highly questionable whether inflammatory pathomechanisms are influenced by currently available drugs. However, therapeutic nihilism is not appropriate given modalities to influence mechanisms of nonspecific damage, e.g. by antihypertensive medication or dietary intervention. PMID- 3903342 TI - [Flight problems in Soviet aviation medicine in the 1920s and 1930s]. AB - This paper describes multifaceted investigations of the flying work by Soviet aviation medicine in the 1920-30s. It examines the early stages of the professional activity that is at present termed ergonomic foundations of the design, manufacture and use of the aircraft. The paper discusses one of the first formulations of the problem of standardization of the human factors. PMID- 3903343 TI - [Informative value of an echo signal during impulse ultrasonic localization of brain structures (use of a model)]. PMID- 3903344 TI - [Hospital hygiene. By way of example: the impact of an epidemiological surveillance]. PMID- 3903345 TI - A reassessment of endothelial injury and arterial lesion formation. PMID- 3903346 TI - Serial biopsy controlled evaluation of fine needle aspiration in renal allograft rejection. AB - Transplant fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology has been suggested as a method for monitoring intrarenal changes of acute rejection after transplantation. We studied this technique by sampling dog renal allografts daily with simultaneous FNA's and core needle biopsies from the time of transplantation to complete rejection. Individual FNA's were analyzed by the increment method, subtracting peripheral white blood cell counts from aspirated white blood cell counts to define the composition and extent of interstitial mononuclear infiltrate. The increment for each mononuclear cell type was corrected by a factor related to its immunologic relevance and the new values summed to produce the total corrected increment, an index of rejection. FNA findings were compared to histologic sections graded 0 to 4 according to the extent of mononuclear infiltrate that was present. FNA sample adequacy was assessed by the aspirate sampling index (ASI), the concentration of renal tubular cells per high power microscopic field. Mean FNA increments for all mononuclear cell groups increased as rejection progressed histologically. Mean total corrected increment ranged from 0.9 with no rejection to 9.8 with grade 4 rejection (R = 0.73; p = 0.001). Mild and moderate infiltrates were detected more accurately when ASI was at least 0.25, while denser infiltrates could be detected in samples with lower ASI. These findings indicate FNA can identify the mononuclear infiltrate associated with acute rejection and the FNA score correlates with the magnitude of the infiltrate if the parenchymal component of the sample is large enough. The ASI is of value in evaluating the samples and reducing the likelihood of false-negative interpretations. PMID- 3903347 TI - The Thackrah lecture 1984. Sir Thomas Morison Legge--a disciple of Charles Turner Thackrah. PMID- 3903348 TI - The contribution of the Society of Occupational Medicine to occupational health practice 1935-1985. PMID- 3903349 TI - On-line evaluation of ultrasonic integrated backscatter. AB - Although it is already known that reflected ultrasonic signals (backscatter) are changed by the structure of the tissue through which they pass, clinicians are still awaiting a practical instrument in which information from backscatter reflections will serve as a diagnostic aid additional to that provided by conventional ultrasonic scans. The equipment described here is both small and fast, and is integrated into a normal ultrasound installation. No new operating procedures have to be learned. The integrated backscatter is calculated on-line and presented on an LED as tissue characterization parameters. In order to minimize noise due to physical movement of the heart during an investigation of the myocardium, the analysis is synchronized with the ECG; and as an aid to the user, the normal system VDU displays both the ECG and the activating trigger pulse derived from the R-wave peak. An A-scan display has been used but this could readily be adapted for B-scan operation and single line analysis. Tests with backscattering models and standard instrumentation have shown no significant difference between results using time domain or frequency domain analysis. PMID- 3903350 TI - Evaluation of canine renal transplants with pulsed Doppler duplex sonography. AB - Preliminary studies of human renal transplants suggested that pulsed Doppler sonography may complement other studies of renal transplant dysfunction. To further evaluate the Doppler technique, 11 dogs who received renal transplants were examined a total of 50 times. No antirejection chemotherapy was used, and following rejection the kidneys were removed and examined histologically. The canine transplants underwent accelerated acute or hyperacute rejection. A pulsed Doppler index (PDI) was derived to quantitate patterns of renal blood flow and peripheral vascular resistance. Arterial Doppler signals were obtained from renal transplant branch vessels in vivo and the PDI consistently fell as rejection occurred. No arterial signals were obtained from one kidney which was subsequently proven to have arterial thrombosis. Pulsed Doppler analysis provides new information about renal transplant blood flow patterns and may demonstrate evidence of rejection and renal arterial occlusion. PMID- 3903351 TI - Splenic salvage. PMID- 3903352 TI - Epoprostenol (PGI2) prevents postischemic ventricular fibrillation and improves outcome in a canine model of sudden death. AB - In a left circumflex coronary artery occlusion-reperfusion canine model of sudden death the hemodynamic, antiplatelet, antiischemic and antifibrillatory activities of 100 ng.kg-1.min-1 infusion of epoprostenol (Prostacyclin, Flolan, Wellcome Foundation, London, UK) were investigated at random in 40 animals. Significant changes were observed on epoprostenol infusion for mean arterial blood pressure (80 +/- 4 vs 93 +/- 7 mmHg, p less than 0.01), systemic vascular resistance (2379 +/- 769 vs 3290 +/- 768 dynes.s.cm-5, p less than 0.01) and rate-pressure product (10800 +/- 1200 vs 13450 +/- 2500 mmHg.beat.min-1, p less than 0.01) while heart rate did not change. In addition platelet aggregation intensity to ADP decreased by 50% (p less than 0.001). On occlusion treated animals presented with lower systemic vascular resistance (3132 +/- 895 vs 4931 +/- 1079 dynes.s.cm-5, p less than 0.05), rate-pressure product (9950 +/- 850 vs 12168 +/- 1980 mmHg.beat.min 1, p less than 0.01) and mean heart rate (145 +/- 10 vs 169 +/- 10 beats.min-1, p less than 0.01) while the anti-platelet activity persisted. A lower D2-3 mean ST segment elevation occurred at 3 min postocclusion in epoprostenol treated dogs (7.7 +/- 5 vs 14 +/- 8.7 mm, p less than 0.02). The incidence of postischemic ventricular fibrillation was significantly reduced (5/20 i.e. 25% vs 12/20 i.e. 60%, p less than 0.05) in the epoprostenol treated dogs. At the end of the occlusion-reperfusion period treated animals showed an improvement of outcome (10/20 i.e. 50% vs 2/20 i.e. 10%, p less than 0.01). It is suggested that the hemodynamic effect of the drug may provide guidelines for the clinical management of patients with acute myocardial ischemia, when a concomitant antiarrhythmic effect is looked for. PMID- 3903353 TI - A mechanical model of the dynamics of the coronary circulation in dog. AB - A mechanical model of the coronary circulation, including a capacitive extramyocardial compartment and a collapsible intramyocardial vascular bed has been described. The phasic coronary blood flow (CBF) in the circumflex artery of 11 anesthetized open chest dogs was studied in control conditions and during thoracic aortic constriction and arteriovenous fistula (AVF). We measured pressures in aortic and left ventricle, phasic CBF by pulsed Doppler flowmetry and in three dogs, pressure in the left anterior descending coronary artery. After aortic and AVF unclamping, we observed a major reverse flow in the circumflex artery. This reverse flow may be explained by the displacement of the collapse point of the intramyocardial compartment, due to the relative distribution of the intramyocardial tissue pressure and the intravascular coronary pressure. The specific role of the epicardial capacitive coronary compartment and of the intramyocardial pump action has been illustrated during coronary artery clamping, ectopic beats and changes in myocardial contractility. Under all the experimental conditions, the reported results demonstrated the ability of the model to describe the patterns of the dynamic of the coronary circulation. PMID- 3903354 TI - Traditional and herbal medicine in the Cook Islands. AB - The modern day health care system in the Cook Islands is a combination of neo traditional ways and Western medicine. The practice of "Maori medicine" is widespread in the Cook Islands, with native healers using a variety of herbal medicines and traditional practices to treat many of the common ailments affecting the people. After a historical review, the current methods of preparing and administering herbal medicines are discussed, followed by a discussion of what is commonly called "ghost sickness (maki tupapaku) in the islands. Included is a list of the 49 plants most commonly used in native cures, with information on how often and for what they are used. Also included is a glossary of Maori terms for the various ailments with which the healers are familiar. PMID- 3903355 TI - An approach to advanced computer-based information retrieval in the field of traditional Chinese medicine. I. Making a data base in the field of Chinese herbal medicine. PMID- 3903356 TI - Chinese emperors and acupuncture. PMID- 3903357 TI - Progress in the research of meridian phenomena in China during the last five years. PMID- 3903358 TI - The Yellow Emperor's Internal Classic, an ancient medical canon of traditional Chinese medicine. PMID- 3903359 TI - The famous ancient physician Bianque. PMID- 3903360 TI - Changes of plasma insulin level in diabetics treated with acupuncture. PMID- 3903361 TI - Painless head holder for unitary recordings from alert rats. AB - The construction and implantation of a device is described that holds the head of an alert rat in a well-defined position. The main parts of the head holder consist of a plate with a wide opening to allow for vertical access to virtually all parts of the brain, a rectangular recording well, and two specially shaped elastic steel skull clamps. It is easy to fabricate, painless, long-lasting, and suitable for stable stereotaxic recordings of single units in small alert mammals. PMID- 3903362 TI - Anterograde and retrograde filling of central neuronal systems with horseradish peroxidase under in vitro conditions. AB - In this study, a simple technique for neuronal tracing with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in vitro is described. It can be applied to excised small brains of poikilothermic vertebrates, or to trimmed blocks or slices of brain tissue from homoiothermic vertebrates. The filling technique relies on the diffusion of HRP into transected axons of supravital neurons, and gives a Golgi-like staining of the filled neuronal profiles. The incubation is carried out at 4 degrees C, which minimizes unspecific background staining caused by pinocytotic uptake of HRP. The technique was tested for visualizing (i) intrapineal neurons projecting to the brain in the rainbow trout, (ii) pinealofugal projections to the brain in the rainbow trout and the three-spined stickleback, (iii) retinal ganglion cells in the rainbow trout, and (iv) central pinealopetal projections in the golden hamster. The strength of this method lies in the possibility to perform very accurate applications of HRP to excised brains or brain slices under a stereo microscope, the simple processing of tissue, and the Golgi-like filling of the neuronal profiles. This technique may provide an important complement to currently used HRP-tracing techniques. PMID- 3903363 TI - Septuagenarian celebration. PMID- 3903364 TI - Effects of early supplemental stimulation programs for premature infants: review of the literature. PMID- 3903365 TI - Skeletal reconstruction by vascularized bone transfer: indications and results. AB - The indications for and the results of 60 consecutive microvascular bone transfers performed at our institution during a 50-month period are reviewed. All 60 patients were followed up for at least 1 year. The overall primary union rate was 67%, and the eventual union rate was 77%. The most frequent indication for the procedure was long-bone reconstruction after limb-salvage wide local resection of a malignant tumor. We achieved the best results with limb reconstruction after resection of a malignant tumor and with recipient sites that involved the forearm or mandible. In contrast, our results were least favorable with reconstruction after resection for chronic osteomyelitis and with reconstruction of defects of the shoulder girdle. Overall, vascularized bone transfer seems to be a valuable reconstructive technique for management of clinical problems that involve massive skeletal defects. PMID- 3903366 TI - Use of captopril as early therapy for renal scleroderma: a prospective study. AB - We conducted a prospective study of captopril therapy in patients with scleroderma and combined hypertension and renal insufficiency. In all seven patients studied during a 1-year period, control of blood pressure was achieved, and in six of the seven, renal function stabilized or improved. The total daily dosage of captopril ranged from 32 to 100 mg, divided into doses taken every 6 to 8 hours. Although one patient had a suspected captopril-induced rash for a short time, none of the other patients had any adverse side effects. Renal biopsies were performed in six patients; in three of them, specimens were obtained both at the beginning and at the end of the study. The initial biopsy specimens showed changes that were similar to those described in other reports. Findings on repeat biopsies were unchanged except for evidence of chronicity. In the six patients with controlled blood pressure and improved or stabilized renal function, the improvement was maintained for 1 1/2 to nearly 3 years on this drug therapy. Using specific measurements of skin compliance and vascular blood flow in the upper extremities, we could detect no evidence, however, of concomitant improvement in these other features of the disease. Although the blood pressure was controlled with captopril, one patient had progressive skin induration, one had progressive pulmonary insufficiency, and another had progressive renal failure. PMID- 3903367 TI - Aleksei Nikolaevich Bach: Soviet chemist and politician. PMID- 3903368 TI - Case history questionnaires in the study of doctors' use of resources. Are they measuring what we want? AB - A set of 15 self-administered case histories were developed, each consisting of a short case followed by a standard format on which desired tests were checked. After pilot testing the case histories within a group of doctors, the authors selected the ten cases with the highest item-total correlations that also provided a broad clinical spectrum. Using a different group of 19 doctors, test ordering on the questionnaire was compared with actual test-ordering in clinical practice. Questionnaire test-ordering did not reflect practice behavior; in fact, the relationship tended to be inverse (r = -0.43: P less than 0.10). Adjusting for case-mix variation by including only those practice cases with diagnoses similar to questionnaire cases did not improve its performance (r = -0.50: P less than 0.05). These findings suggest that test-ordering on case history questionnaires may not reflect actual practice behavior. Conclusions about test ordering behavior and management strategies to alter it should not be based on results from questionnaires that have not been validated against actual practice. PMID- 3903369 TI - Environmental factors and leukaemia. AB - Investigations on the association between environmental hazards and the development of various types of leukaemia are reviewed. Regarding acute non lymphocytic leukaemia (ANLL) exposure to ionizing radiation is a well-documented risk factor. According to several recent studies exposure to strong electromagnetic fields may be suspected to be of etiologic importance for ANLL. There is evidence that occupational handling of benzene is a risk factor and other organic solvents may also be leukaemogenic. Occupational exposure to petrol products has been proposed to be a risk factor although the hazardous substances have not yet been defined. Results of cytogenetic studies in ANLL suggest that exposure to certain environmental agents may be associated with relatively specific clonal chromosome aberrations. These results are of interest because it has been proposed that chromosomal rearrangements may play a role in the activation of cellular oncogens. Exposure in utero to ionizing radiation has been proposed to be a risk factor for acute lymphocytic leukaemia (ALL) in children. Unlike ANLL there seems at present to be little evidence that ALL is related to exposure to some chemicals. Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) may follow exposure to high doses of ionizing radiation whereas such exposure seems to be of insignificant importance for the development of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). According to some studies an abnormally high incidence of CLL may be found among farmers in the USA. These results have not been confirmed in Scandinavian studies. There seems to be little evidence that CML or CLL are related to occupational handling of some chemicals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3903371 TI - [Quality in medical writing]. PMID- 3903370 TI - Tumour localisation by human monoclonal antibodies. AB - We have derived sets of human monoclonal antibodies by fusing lymphocytes from cancer patients with a human lymphoid line, LICR-LON/HMy2. Two antibodies, LGL1.1D6 and LLU6.3A4, derived from patients with glioma and bronchial carcinoma respectively, were selected for clinical study on the basis of binding patterns in radioimmunoassays with tumour cell lines and localisation of human tumour xenografts. Highly purified monoclonal antibodies were prepared using bulk supernatants from hybridomas grown in serum free medium. After radiolabelling with 131I, 1 mg antibody was injected intravenously into patients with advanced glioma and carcinoma of the bronchus. Good localisation was obtained in five out of eight patients with glioma and five out of seven patients with carcinoma of the bronchus. Despite the technical difficulties inherent in the production of human monoclonal antibodies this study demonstrates their potential for the clinical localisation of solid tumours. PMID- 3903372 TI - [Giant cell arteritis: rheumatic polymyalgia and temporal arteritis]. PMID- 3903373 TI - Clinical utility of assays for circulating immune complexes. AB - There are now many assays for the quantification of circulating immune complexes, each with distinct specificity and sensitivity. In a wide variety of rheumatic, infectious, neoplastic, and metabolic conditions, levels of circulating immune complexes may be elevated. In select situations, determination of circulating immune complex levels may help clinicians in the management of their patients. In lupus erythematosus, circulating immune complex levels, in conjunction with other immune parameters, may provide more insight into the disease course and activity than assessment of end organ parameters alone. In the differential diagnosis of infective endocarditis, serial levels of circulating immune complexes may provide evidence of effectiveness or failure of treatment. There is evidence that assays for circulating immune complexes may be of potential benefit in the management of Lyme disease and acute myelogenous leukemia. PMID- 3903374 TI - Immunologic disorders of the skin and mucous membranes. AB - This article provides a practical approach to those dermatologic disorders in which an immunologic mechanism is involved in the pathophysiology. There is a brief discussion of evaluation and management for many of these disorders. PMID- 3903375 TI - Immune disorders of the gastrointestinal tract and liver. AB - Immune disorders of the gastrointestinal tract and hepatobiliary systems comprise a diverse group of illnesses which share in common certain overlapping and yet distinctive expressions of cellular and humoral immunity. As is evident from material contained in this article, controversy and disparate results frequently characterize the study of immune mechanisms in a given disease process. Nonetheless, advances in quantitation of specific immunocyte function and phenotypic expression have greatly facilitated the depth of understanding of the immune process related to these disorders. Challenges for future clinical investigation of these disorders are to characterize cell-specific target antigens to which immunologic attack is directed and to unravel the immunogenetic mechanisms that trigger and direct immune-mediated injury to host tissues. It is anticipated that continued investigation of immune disorders of the gastrointestinal tract and liver will clarify pathogenetic mechanisms and thus permit formulation of rational and effective therapies. PMID- 3903376 TI - Immunologic lung disease. AB - The term "immunologic lung disease" comprises a broad spectrum of disease. I have covered a few entities in which recent studies have been particularly helpful in elucidating pathophysiology though not in uncovering the inciting cause. Common to all of these entities is the problem of finding appropriate methods of defining disease activity and response to treatment. As exemplified by the improved outlook for Goodpasture's syndrome with elucidation of its underlying immunopathology, it is likely that better understanding of the immunologic basis of sarcoid and interstitial disease may be helpful in planning more effective treatment strategies. PMID- 3903377 TI - Pathogenesis and treatment of immune-mediated renal disease. AB - There is now convincing evidence to suggest that most forms of glomerulonephritis and tubulointerstitial nephropathy involve the immune system in the destructive process. Such involvement can be mediated by a humoral immune response, a cell mediated immune response, or a coordinated response of both limbs of the immune system derived from complementary T- and B-cell interactions. PMID- 3903378 TI - Immunology of parasitic infections. AB - Most parasites, by the nature of their continuous contact with the immune system, generate a prolific immune response. Unfortunately, much of this response is not protective, and some is harmful. Protective immunity in some infections is due to a combination of humoral and cellular immunity; in this circumstance parasites are coated with antibody which makes them susceptible to direct cytotoxicity by macrophages, eosinophils, and neutrophils. Antibody alone is protective against some other infections. Nonspecific and genetic factors are clearly important but are still undefined participants in the host response. The immune response may be pathogenic by inducing hypersensitivity, immunologically mediated fibrosis, or circulating immune complexes. Additionally, parasites have evolved unique ways of protecting themselves from the immune system, including altering their antigenic coat and inducing immunosuppression. Attempts to isolate "host-protective" antigens in parasitic infections may lead to effective vaccine development. PMID- 3903379 TI - Mechanisms of action and clinical applications of cytotoxic drugs in rheumatic disorders. AB - Failure to suppress disease activity in certain rheumatic disorders such as systemic lupus, polyarteritis nodosa, or Wegener's granulomatosis may significantly heighten the probability of a fatal outcome. In other rheumatic disorders (for example, rheumatoid or psoriatic arthritis) the disease left unchecked may indeed be severely crippling but rarely is it fatal. Thus the decision on whether to add a cytotoxic drug often evolves into a benefit-to-risk analysis, a decision in which the patient must also be intimately involved. There are two few well-controlled studies of the use of cytotoxic agents to make dogmatic statements regarding their use in the treatment of rheumatic disorders. Nevertheless, a review of the literature, some of which has been cited above, does permit one to make some reasoned judgments in choosing a drug for a particular disease (Table 2). PMID- 3903380 TI - Clinical and laboratory assessment of thyroid abnormalities. AB - Clinical assessment of the patient with suspected thyroid disease remains an important part of the workup. Available laboratory tests of thyroid function include measurements of serum thyroid hormones and thyroid-stimulating hormone, titers of autoantibodies involved with Graves' disease and thyroiditis, and thyroid imaging and uptake techniques. The usefulness and limitations of each of these tests are reviewed. PMID- 3903381 TI - Hypothyroidism. AB - Hypothyroidism is a clinical entity first defined almost 100 years ago; it is caused, for the most part, by an autoimmune disorder or treatment of previous hyperthyroidism and so the vast majority have primary hypothyroidism. While the "textbook picture" does occur, the clinical findings in patients with mild to moderate disease are often nonspecific, particularly in the neonate and in the elderly. Diagnosis of primary hypothyroidism depends on showing that the serum TSH is elevated. Effective treatment, unchanged in principle since the 1890's, is best done with oral L-thyroxine. By using the serum TSH as well as the clinical findings as end-points, one can treat each patient individually. PMID- 3903382 TI - The use of gastric ultrasonography in the evaluation of a new antiflatulent preparation in human volunteers. AB - A method is described for inducing experimental aerogastria (flatulence) in human volunteers by the ingestion of "whipped" egg-white. Abdominal ultrasonography was used to measure the distension of the stomach and its interference with the visualization of organs such as gall bladder, pancreas and left kidney lying behind the stomach. A double-blind crossover comparison of Flatoril, a mixture of dimethicone (200 mg) and clebopride (0.5 mg) against placebo clearly demonstrated the superior antifoaming activity of the former both in terms of reduced gastric distension and of improved visualization of organs otherwise hidden by the foam filled stomach. PMID- 3903383 TI - Koch's postulates in relation to the work of Jacob Henle and Edwin Klebs. PMID- 3903384 TI - Medicine and pharmacy in British political prints--the example of Lord Sidmouth. PMID- 3903385 TI - Dr Frederick Montizambert (1843-1929): Canada's first Director General of Public Health. PMID- 3903386 TI - John Grieve's correspondence with Joseph Black and some contemporaneous Russo Scottish medical intercommunication. PMID- 3903387 TI - Britain's first community orthodontic scheme: for the children of Heston and Isleworth. PMID- 3903388 TI - Illustrations from the Wellcome Institute Library. Medical Society of London Library. PMID- 3903389 TI - [A piece of wood in a muscle can be detected by ultrasonics]. PMID- 3903390 TI - [A singing teacher started the fight for the laryngeal speculum (Manuel Garcia, Ludwig Turck, Johann Nepomuk Czermak)]. PMID- 3903391 TI - [Combined oral cancer surgery can achieve great humanitarian and curative benefits]. PMID- 3903392 TI - [Consequences of a dilated urinary tract diagnosed at the fetal stage]. PMID- 3903393 TI - [Radiographic diagnosis of hip joints in children]. PMID- 3903394 TI - [Reconstruction of the gastroesophageal sphincter in reflux disease]. AB - Valvuloplasties of which, for example, the Nissen fundoplication is perhaps the most effective operation, have been devised to correct gastroesophageal reflux. Fundopexia, a more anatomical antireflux procedure has been performed in 326 patients with 80% good (Visick I + II) clinical results. Postoperative complications and side effects are more frequent after fundoplication. In grade IV patients fundopexia is less successful. Since the introduction of H2-receptor antagonists the number of operations, especially fundopexia, has been considerably reduced. PMID- 3903395 TI - [Maintenance of duodenal passage--yes or no?]. AB - The importance of the duodenal passage in gastric surgery is still unknown. Most gastric procedures exclude the duodenum from food passage without severe postoperative problems. Based on our own studies we are able to demonstrate the importance of the duodenal passage for glucose homeostasis. Since most primary surgical procedures with duodenal anastomoses result in a higher operative risk, the procedures should not be used in primary gastric surgery. In dumping syndrome, however, restoration of the duodenal passage is a very effective surgical treatment. PMID- 3903396 TI - [Reconstructive operation following duodenopancreatectomy]. AB - Based on 203 operations of our clinic, the most frequent procedures of reconstruction after duodenopancreatectomy are analysed and compared with the results published in the literature. The surgical management of the remaining pancreas carries a high morbidity. An anastomosis should only be attempted with a fibrotic organ. In presence of a soft organ either a ligature of the duct or its open drainage is advisable. A total pancreatectomy for merely technical reasons is unacceptable. PMID- 3903397 TI - Anal sphincter reconstruction. PMID- 3903398 TI - [Therapeutic principles, organizational and technical implementation]. AB - A minimum of organised measures is mandatory in every clinic, where posttraumatic or postoperative bone infection may occur. Technical principles in the treatment of osteomyelitis are: debridement, stability, local anti-infection procedures such as irrigation drainage, PMMA-chains or Taurolin gel, filling of the osseous defect and adequate vascularity (muscle flap, muscle transplant with microvascular anastomosis). PMID- 3903399 TI - [Artificial respiration technics]. AB - In general there are two distinguishable methods of artificial ventilation: assisted spontaneous ventilation and controlled ventilation. Spontaneous ventilation can be supported by CPAP or PEEP, in order to improve oxygenation, and by IMV to improve CO2 elimination. Furthermore, high frequency low pressure ventilation may be used versus low frequency high pressure ventilation. Conventional IPPV may be supported by continuous endexspiratory pressure. In special cases IRV may be applied. High frequency low pressure ventilation methods may be used intra- and postoperatively as well as post-traumatically. PMID- 3903400 TI - [Results of repair and direct reconstructive procedures of the sphincter system]. AB - Direct sphincter repair gives good surgical results. In 8 out of 10 patients operated on, incontinence was clearly improved. In 15 patients posterior repair was performed simultaneously with posterior rectosigmoidal resection because of rectal prolapse. 14 patients had been incontinent. Incontinence was improved clearly in 7 patients, remained unchanged in 4 and worsened in 3. However, the good clinical results did not correspond completely to those achieved by perfusion manometry. PMID- 3903401 TI - [Errors and dangers in intestinal sutures and anastomoses using stapler suture instruments (EEA, TA55, TA90, GIA)]. AB - In different tables the most important faults with enteral sutures and anastomoses in general and at special operations are demonstrated: end-to-end anastomoses with congruent diameter, anastomoses with different diameters, B I, B II, low anterior resection, esophago-jejunostomy. CONCLUSION: Only if the surgeon has experience in standard technique, faults and risks with mechanical staplers and manual sutures, the advantage-progress of staplers will be effective avoiding special risks. Surgeons without experience may produce real catastrophes which may turn out hopeless without training in manual suture technique. PMID- 3903402 TI - The use of osteosynthesis in immediate and delayed mandibular reconstruction. AB - Principles of osteosynthesis utilizing dynamic compression plating have been used in immediate and delayed mandibular reconstruction in five patients. Intermaxillary fixation was not used. Follow-up ranged from eight to 14 months. Four of five patients have viable bone grafts at the present time. One bone graft has been lost due to infection. We feel mandibular reconstruction based on principles of osteosynthesis helps to rapidly restore cosmesis and function with minimal morbidity. PMID- 3903403 TI - Computerized database of drug interactions: a paradigm for resolving a communication gap in otolaryngology. AB - The tremendous increase in the number of prescription and non-prescription drugs available to physicians and patients increases the likelihood for adverse drug interactions. This study addresses the feasibility of using contemporary computer technology to provide the physician with the most up-to-date information in order to prevent such adverse reactions. The study involved three stages: 1. determination of physician attitudes regarding the use of the database; 2. creation of a database applicable to otolaryngology; and 3. testing of the database in office practice. The study demonstrated that many physicians were unsatisfied with their ability to remain conversant with the literature regarding drug interactions and that they were receptive to the notion of using computers for this purpose. It further demonstrated that a database could be constructed by an otolaryngologist for use in office practice and that the database contained other clinically useful information. PMID- 3903405 TI - Technique for intranasal suturing. PMID- 3903404 TI - Natural killer cell activity in patients with carcinoma of the larynx and hypopharynx. AB - Natural killer (NK) cells have recently gained much attention as potential effector cells in antitumor and antiviral immune defense mechanisms. The role of NK cells in patients with squamous cell carcinoma has not yet been described. In our study of larynx and hypopharynx cancer patients, no correlation was found with the extent of the disease expressed by the TNM classification or the TNM staging. Furthermore, no change of the spontaneous natural killer cell mediated K562 lysis was shown in advanced malignant disease or in the postoperative period up to 24 months following surgery. When the NK cell activity was compared with two control groups of healthy volunteers, aged 20 to 30 or 55 to 65 years, both with high alcohol and tobacco consumption, no alterations of the killing capacity for K562 targets were observed during aging, with or without a tumor. NK cell cytotoxicity was significantly lower in tumor draining lymph nodes of the neck than the values found in peripheral blood. In cancer patients as well as in healthy donors, the spontaneous killer cell activity was significantly enhanced by incubation with beta-interferon. The differences, however, between natural killing in peripheral blood and lymph nodes were increased in the head and neck cancer population mainly by an overall reduced NK cell cytolysis in the tumor draining lymph nodes. Although none of the lymph nodes used was infiltrated by malignant cells as seen under microscopic examinations, the diminished NK cell activity in laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer patients seems to be caused by factors or the presence of locoregional suppressor cells capable of reducing natural cell mediated immunity. PMID- 3903406 TI - [Artificial liver support 1985]. AB - Many techniques have been developed to support liver function in patients with hepatic failure. Only two of these methods are suited to be used in adequately equipped hospitals under appropriate safety conditions. Exchange of toxin-rich patient plasma against fresh frozen plasma will decrease plasma toxin levels and substitute coagulation factors and proteins. This procedure however should be used in intervals of at least 3-4 days because more frequent application will lead to lung or cerebral complications. Dialysis and hemofiltration will remove water soluble toxins from patient blood as well as excess amino acids which are considered to be precursors of toxic lipophilic metabolites. Addition of certain amino acids to dialysis fluid in physiological concentrations will help to avoid loss of essential amino acids (with approx. normal plasma concentration). In a very few special centers treatment by liver perfusion of human or pavian livers, or by liver transplantation can be performed. PMID- 3903407 TI - The action of deoxyfructose serotonin on intracellular bacilli and on host response in leprosy. PMID- 3903408 TI - Serum demyelinating factors and adjuvant-like activity of Mycobacterium leprae: possible causes of early nerve damage in leprosy. PMID- 3903409 TI - Presence of soluble, Mycobacterium leprae-derived antigen in the inflammatory exudate of reactional lepromatous leprosy. PMID- 3903410 TI - [A method of percutaneous nephrostomy]. PMID- 3903411 TI - Effects of diazepam at the neuromuscular junction. PMID- 3903412 TI - Exposure to alcohol in utero alters the adult patterns of luteinizing hormone secretion in male and female rats. AB - Luteinizing hormone (LH) secretory patterns were characterized in adult male and female rats exposed to ethanol during the last week of fetal life. Gonadectomized fetal alcohol exposed (FAE) males and females had significantly reduced plasma LH titers as compared to those of pair-fed (PF) controls. The phasic afternoon LH secretory response to estrogen and progesterone priming was also significantly reduced in FAE females. These differences do not appear to be a result of altered pituitary sensitivity to luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH), since the infusion of LHRH resulted in an equal response in PF and FAE females. Subsequent characterization of the episodic pattern of LH secretion in FAE males revealed significantly reduced mean LH level as well as a decreased pulse amplitude and frequency when compared to PF males. Taken together, these data indicate that some of the central mechanisms controlling pituitary LH secretion are altered by prenatal exposure to alcohol. PMID- 3903413 TI - Measurement of acetylcholine and choline in brain by HPLC with electrochemical detection. AB - A simple and rapid method for measuring acetylcholine and choline using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection is presented. Acetylcholine and choline were first separated using reverse-phase chromatography; acetylcholine was then hydrolyzed post-column to choline by acetylcholinesterase. Choline was oxidized enzymatically by choline oxidase to betaine and hydrogen peroxide, and the peroxide was detected electrochemically. Changes in methodology from previous procedures include a different mobile phase, controlled heating of chromatography column and post-column reaction coil, and a different extraction method for quaternary amines. The changes resulted in less inhibition of derivatizing enzymes by mobile phase, narrow and consistent elution of peaks, and a rapid and efficient extraction of quaternary amines. Measurement of acetylcholine and choline in brain tissue was found to be replicable, and the levels agreed with literature values. PMID- 3903414 TI - An improved assay for cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase activity using phospholipid liposome solubilized substrate. AB - A persistent problem in measurement of cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase (7 alpha OHase) activity by isotope incorporation has been solubilization of cholesterol substrate. Solubilization with Tween 20, for example, resulted in a 75% reduction in 7 alpha-OHase activity after a 60 min incubation of substrate with microsomes. Incorporation of cholesterol substrate into small, unilamellar phospholipid vesicles (liposomes) prevented this effect, resulting in a 50% increase in activity over the same 60 min incubation at optimal concentrations. Using cholesterol in liposomes as substrate, standard assay conditions were determined to be: preparation of liposomes with 180 microM cholesterol substrate and 0.5 mg phospholipid/assay; incubation of these liposomes with 0.5 mg microsomal protein at 37 C for 60 min; addition of a NADPH generating system to start the reaction, and incubation at 37 C for 30 min before stopping the reaction and determining the amount of 7 alpha-hydroxycholesterol formed. In addition to preventing the detergent-related inhibition of the enzyme, liposome-solubilized substrate also reduced the variation among replicates from a coefficient of 45% with Tween 20 to 4.2% with phospholipid. This method provides a sensitive and reliable alternative to methods which require more sophisticated equipment and allows total control of substrate concentration in a form readily accessible to the enzyme. PMID- 3903415 TI - Measurement of blood pressure II. PMID- 3903416 TI - Supporting Maryland physicians: the Med-Chi staff. PMID- 3903417 TI - [The life and discovery of Wilhelm Konrad Rontgen]. PMID- 3903418 TI - [90th anniversary of the discovery of roentgen radiation]. PMID- 3903419 TI - [Systemic radiation therapy as an alternative to tumor chemotherapy]. PMID- 3903420 TI - [Ultrasonic scanning in determining the local spread of bladder cancer]. AB - The results of ultrasound investigation were analysed in 48 patients with urinary bladder cancer. Potentialities of longitudinal intracavitary echography in the determination of the local dissemination of malignant urinary bladder tumors were studied. This method proved to be most informative for tumors sited in the cervix, basis and anterior wall of the bladder whereas transabdominal echography provided reliable diagnostic information for tumors of the lateral and posterior walls. In choosing methods for the determination of the local dissemination of urinary bladder cancer preference should be given to combined echography in view of its high accuracy, noninvasive and safe nature. PMID- 3903421 TI - [Achievements of Soviet roentgenology and the paths for its further improvement (on the 90th anniversary of the discovery of roentgen rays)]. PMID- 3903422 TI - [Ultrasonic diagnosis of splenic and hepatic lesions in lymphogranulomatosis]. AB - Ultrasound investigation was conducted in 21 patients with Hodgkin's disease to determine the involvement of the spleen and liver in the process. The results obtained were verified histologically in 19 cases at laporotomy and in 2 cases at autopsy. Focal spleen lesion (focal sizes from 0.3-2 cm) was correctly recognized in 7 out of 9 patients, liver lesion in 3 out 4 patients. No false-positive results were obtained in cases in which spleen and liver lesions were not determined histologically. The value of ultrasound investigation for dynamic observation in liver lesion was emphasized. The method was recommended for a wide clinical use and assessment of therapeutic results of disseminated Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 3903423 TI - [A. I. Karandash--the 1st sister of mercy]. PMID- 3903424 TI - [At the sources of a book (Lidiia Petrovna Tikhomirova, "Doctor Vera")]. PMID- 3903425 TI - A comparative study of autologous peripheral nerve grafts. AB - Forty-five Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups. The first two groups were subjected to primary epineural anastomoses, with and without tension. In the remaining two groups, sciatic nerve defects were produced and femoral cable grafts were then performed with and without making an epineural sheath defect on the edge of the recipient nerves. Five functional evaluation criteria (sensation, push-off, fanning of claws, cubital ulcer, and leg atrophy) were used along with histological findings. It has been found that the recovery of sensation was the least in the tension group, as was other functional recovery. Animals with epineural and fascicular sutures ranked highest in functional recovery while cable grafts followed at 4th, 10th, and 12th week of observation. PMID- 3903426 TI - A histologic comparison of continuous and interrupted microarteriorrhaphy. AB - Interrupted and continuous microsuturing techniques were compared 3 weeks after microarteriorrhaphy in the rat femoral artery using light microscopy, and internal luminal diameter determinations were measured with a Bio Quant II Digitizer. The histologic appearance of the arteries of both groups was similar, with intimal hyperplasia, intimal incorporation of suture projections into the lumen, minimal inflammatory response to suture material, and restoration of the media. No significant difference was demonstrated between internal diameters at the anastomosis site for the continuous (N = 11, mean diameter 804 +/- 60 microns) and interrupted (N = 11, mean diameter 901 +/- 45 microns) groups. However, the experimental arteries in both continuous and interrupted groups were significantly dilated when compared to their controls (513 +/- 41 microns and 621 +/- 44 microns, respectively). This study indicated that interrupted and continuous suture techniques in laboratory microarteriorrhaphy result in similar histologic and morphologic characteristics, and that the repaired vessels were dilated compared to intact vessels. PMID- 3903427 TI - Fibrinolytic activity following laser-assisted vascular anastomosis. AB - New technology has allowed tissue bonding to be feasible using carbon dioxide laser energy. Laser-assisted vascular anastomosis (LAVA) has shown comparable patency results with standard suture anastomosis, but LAVA procedures produce thermally induced transmural structural alterations. To assess functional intimal recovery in LAVA versus sutured vessels, a fibrinolytic slide technique was utilized in 21 rats which had LAVA performed in one femoral artery while the opposite limb underwent a conventional microsuture anastomosis. Conventional anastomosis had persistent fibrinolytic activity while LAVA had return of fibrinolytic activity by 48 hours. Intimal fibrinolysis inhibition following LAVA is reversible and this technique does not lead to an increased incidence of thrombosis. PMID- 3903428 TI - Techniques for perfusion and storage of heterotopic heart transplants in mice. AB - Organ pretreatment prior to transplantation has assumed increasing importance. We studied the ability to preserve and perfuse hearts in well-defined genetic mouse models, prior to heterotopic engraftment. Hearts were manually perfused through the aortic root and stored in a variety of cold solutions or were perfused using a continuous perfusion pump. Different electrolyte solutions, mouse strains, perfusion, and storage times as well as perfusion volumes were studied. Treated hearts were than transplanted heterotopically and short- and long-term function assessed. Hearts stored for more than 1 hour in cold solutions (saline 0.9%, or lactated Ringer's) failed to function. Hearts perfused with 0.25-0.4 ml of cold solution for a maximum of 30 minutes functioned well after transplantation. C3H (H-2k) mice provided the most resilient hearts. We conclude that short-term perfusion or storage of mouse hearts is feasible and should provide an excellent model for the study of organ pretreatment with monoclonal antibodies or other agents prior to transplantation. PMID- 3903429 TI - Differential effects of insulin, antibodies against rat adipocyte plasma membranes, and other agents that mimic insulin action in rat adipocytes. AB - The effects of insulin and several insulin-mimetic agents on rat adipocyte D glucose metabolism were studied in an effort to determine if any of the insulin mimetic agents could be used to define the mechanism of insulin action. Antibodies against rat adipocyte plasma membranes have been characterized as having insulin-mimetic effects on glucose transport and these effects may be caused by divalent clustering of cell surface antigens. In contrast to insulin, antimembrane antibodies had little stimulatory effect on D-glucose conversion to lipids in isolated rat adipocytes, under conditions where both reagents stimulated D-glucose oxidation. Among other insulin-mimetic agents tested, the reagents hydrogen peroxide and concanavalin A most closely resembled insulin in their ability to increase both [14C]-CO2 and [14C]-lipid formation from [14C]D glucose in rat adipocytes. Vitamin K5 and diamide had the unusual effect of inhibiting [1-14C]D-glucose conversion to [14C]-lipids at a concentration that gave maximal stimulation of glucose oxidation by rat adipocytes. Analysis of the lipid components into which glucose derivatives were incorporated revealed that insulin increased D-glucose incorporation into both nonesterified fatty acids and triglycerides and H2O2 and concanavalin A had similar effects. These findings argue against the possibility that insulin and the antimembrane antibodies or the insulin-mimetic agents other than H2O2 and concanavalin A share the same mechanism of action. PMID- 3903430 TI - GENDIAG: a computer-assisted facility in medical genetics based on belief functions. PMID- 3903431 TI - Partial deprivation of GTP initiates meiosis and sporulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - We have investigated the physiological conditions under which meiosis and the ensuing sporulation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae are initiated. Initiation of sporulation occurs in response to carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, or sulfur deprivation, and also, when met auxotrophs are partially starved for methionine, but not after starvation of other amino acid auxotrophs. It also occurs after partial starvation of pur or gua auxotrophs for guanine but not after starvation of ura auxotrophs for uracil. Under all these sporulation conditions the concentrations of both guanine nucleotides (GTP) and S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) decrease whereas those of other nucleotides show no trend. We show that the decrease of guanine nucleotides is essential for the initiation of meiosis and sporulation: when a gua auxotroph, also lacking one of the two SAM synthetases, is starved for guanine but supplemented with 0.1 mM methionine, GTP decreases while SAM slightly increases and yet the cells sporulate. PMID- 3903432 TI - Expression of an Escherichia coli flagellin gene, hag48, in the presence of a Salmonella H1-repressor. AB - An Escherichia coli K12 flagellin gene, hag48, was found to be expressed in the presence of the Salmonella rh1 gene product. The strains which had hag48 on a chromosome or on an F' factor were constructed from strains H2-e,n,xon-off rh1+ and fixed H2-e,n,xon rh1+ in which rh1+ is cotranscribed with H2 in its "on" state. Motility of these strains in semisolid medium was inhibited by anti-H48 serum and motile clones (swarms) that escaped from it were hag mutants in case of the hag48 e,n,xon-off strain tested. H48 flagellin was detected by electrophoresis, though its amount was less than e,n,x flagellin, from all the strains that were nonmotile in the presence of anti-H48 serum. PMID- 3903433 TI - A yeast protein analogous to Escherichia coli RecA protein whose cellular level is enhanced after UV irradiation. AB - In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a protein was recognized by polyclonal antibodies raised against homogeneous Escherichia coli K 12 RecA protein. The cellular level of the yeast protein called RecAsc (molecular weight 44 kDa, pI 6.3), was transiently enhanced after UV irradiation. Protease inhibitors were required to minimize degradation of the RecAsc protein during cell lysis. The RecAsc protein exhibited similar basal levels and similar kinetics of increase after UV irradiation in DNA-repair proficient (RAD+) strains carrying mitochondrial DNA or not (rho0). This was also true for the following DNA-repair deficient (rad-) strains: rad2-6 rad6-1 rad52-1, a triple mutant blocked in three major repair pathways; rad6-delta, a mutant containing an integrative deletion in a gene playing a central role in mutagenesis; pso2-1, a mutant that exhibits a reduced rate of mutagenesis and recombination after exposure to DNA cross-linking agents. PMID- 3903434 TI - DNA sequencing of the Escherichia coli ribonuclease III gene and its mutations. AB - A 0.7 kb DNA fragment of the Escherichia coli K12 chromosome was shown to contain the structural gene for RNAse III (rnc). The DNA sequence of the gene was determined and its alteration in an RNAse III defective mutant, AB301-105, was identified. DNA sequence analysis also showed that a secondary-site suppressor of a temperature-sensitive mutation in the E. coli ribosomal protein gene, rpsL, occurred within the rnc gene, providing genetic evidence for the interaction of ribosomal proteins with RNAse III, which in turn acts on the nascent ribosomal RNA during assembly of ribosomes in E. coli. PMID- 3903435 TI - Isolation and characterization of cold-sensitive mutations at the benA, beta tubulin, locus of Aspergillus nidulans. AB - We have isolated large numbers of conditionally lethal beta-tubulin mutations to provide raw material for analyzing the structure and function of beta tubulin and of microtubules. We have isolated such mutations as intragenic suppressors of benA33, a heat-sensitive (hs-) beta-tubulin mutation of Aspergillus nidulans. Among over 2,600 revertants isolated, 126 were cold-sensitive (cs-). In 41 of 78 cs- revertants analyzed, cold sensitivity and reversion from hs- to hs+ were due to mutations linked to benA33. In three cases reversion was due to mutations closely linked to benA33 but cold sensitivity was due to a coincidental mutation unlinked to benA33. In the remaining 34 cases reversion was due to mutations unlinked to benA33. Thirty-three of the revertants in which cold sensitivity and reversion were linked to benA33 were sufficiently cold-sensitive to allow us to select for rare recombinants between benA33 and putative suppressors in a revertant X wild-type (wt) cross. We found only one recombinant among 1,000 or more viable progeny from crosses of each of these revertants with a wt strain. Reversion is thus due to a back mutation or very closely linked suppressor in each case. We have analyzed 17 of these 33 revertants with greater precision and have found that, in each case, reversion is due to a suppressor mutation that maps to the right of benA33. The recombination frequencies between benA33 and the suppressors are very low (less than 1.2 X 10(-4)) in all cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3903436 TI - First identification of an amber nonsense mutation in Schizosaccharomyces pombe: major differences in the efficiency of homologous versus heterologous yeast suppressor tRNA genes. AB - In Saccharomyces cerevisiae ochre and opal, as well as amber mutations are known, whereas in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe no amber alleles have been described. We have characterized trp1-566, an amber allele in the trp1 locus of S. pombe. The identification of trp1-566 as an amber allele is based on the following results: (a) The nonsense allele can be converted to an ochre allele by nitrosoguanidine mutagenesis. (b) trp1-566 is suppressed by a bona fide S. pombe amber suppressor tRNA, supSI. The supSI gene was obtained by primer-directed in vitro mutagenesis of a tRNASer from S. pombe. Unexpectedly, an S. cerevisiae amber suppressor tRNASer, supR21, transformed into S. pombe, failed to suppress trp1-566. Northern analysis of S. pombe transformants, containing supRL1 or S. cerevisiae tRNALeu or tRNATyr genes reveals that these genes are not transcribed in the fission yeast. As an additional tool for the analysis of nonsense mutations in S. pombe, we obtained by nitrosoguanidine mutagenesis two unlinked amber suppressor alleles, sup13 and sup14, which act on trp1-566. PMID- 3903437 TI - The use of plasmid DNA to probe DNA repair functions in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - The survival of plasmid YRp12 treated in vitro with ultraviolet- or gamma radiation, or with restriction endonucleases, has been used to investigate in vivo RAD gene activity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yields of pyrimidine dimers or single and double strand breaks in plasmid DNA were assayed by physical methods. The biological effects of these damages were assayed by transformation of wild-type cells and rad mutants from each of the major groups of radiosensitive mutants. After UV-irradiation plasmid survival depended qualitatively on the same host functions that are needed for cellular survival. After gamma-irradiation no such correspondence was found. Apart from a RAD52 dependent stimulation of transformation efficiency at low doses, other host repair functions had little effect. Stimulation of transformation corresponded with the production of double- but not single-strand breaks in plasmid sequences homologous with the yeast genome and may be linked with a transient increase in mitotic stability. More generally these data also show that transformation events using the LiCl protocol may entail the uptake of a very low number of plasmid molecules per cell over a 10-fold range of DNA concentrations. PMID- 3903438 TI - Heterogeneity in the sizes of proteins which diffuse across the outer membrane barrier of bacteria. AB - Proteins of both small and large molecular sizes diffuse together across the outer membrane barrier of bacterial cells. Once outside, the proteins present in convenient extracts react in agar-gel diffusions against correspondingly antibacterial induced antibodies by precipitation lines that occur at various distances from the wells containing the antigens. The distances between the precipitation lines depend on the velocity with which the proteins are moving in the agar gel; their speed is a result of the molecular sizes of the proteins. The differences involve the intrinsic qualities of the species that synthesize the antigens. PMID- 3903439 TI - A comparative study of three bacteriocins of Bacteroides fragilis. AB - Three different bacteriocins produced by strains of Bacteroides fragilis were compared in terms of their production kinetics, physico-chemical nature, and action on macromolecular synthesis in a common indicator strain. Bacteriocin 78/438 was produced during the logarithmic growth phase, was thermolabile and stable between pH 5 and 9. It was susceptible to trypsin and pepsin, and affected DNA, RNA and protein syntheses in susceptible cells. Bacteriocin A49 was produced during the stationary growth phase, was thermolabile and stable between pH 7 and 9. This bacteriocin was also susceptible to trypsin and pepsin, but only RNA synthesis was affected in the indicator strain. Bacteriocin A55 differed markedly from both 78/438 and A49, and was found to be predominantly cell-bound, resistant to inactivation by high temperatures and stable over a wide pH range of 2 to 12. It was susceptible to trypsin but resistant to pepsin. A55 had a delayed effect on macromolecular synthesis with DNA synthesis being inhibited after 60 min. With all three bacteriocins, killing of the indicator strain followed single hit kinetics with the interaction of bacteriocin and target cell occurring in two stages. Killing by bacteriocin A55 was much slower than the other two and this may be related to its effect on macromolecular synthesis. The killing action of all three bacteriocins was dependent on the growth phase of the susceptible cells. PMID- 3903440 TI - Microcalorimetry studies of energy changes during the growth of Klebsiella aerogenes in simple salts/glucose media; correlation of specific power and size of the ATP pool. AB - A parallel study has been made of the variation of the ATP pool and the specific power of cells of Klebsiella aerogenes during aerobic growth in glucose-limited medium under carefully defined conditions of growth and test. During the early part of exponential growth there was a marked increase in both the ATP pool and the specific power to near constant values during the later stages of growth; oscillations about the mean values were observed for each parameter. With the exhaustion of glucose and the cessation of growth both and ATP pool and the specific power decreased rapidly, the ATP pool to a low constant value and the specific power to zero. Changes in the values of these parameters during growth are discussed and it is concluded that the specific power is more dependent on the rate of catabolism rather than on the degree of coupling while the opposite is true for the ATP pool. Both parameters are, however, indicators of similar metabolic processes. PMID- 3903441 TI - [Differentiation of the fungus Acremonium chrysogenum and the synthesis of serine proteinases]. AB - The biosynthesis of serine proteinases by the fungus Acremonium chrysogenum was studied in the process of its growth in media differing in the content of a protein substrate. Morphological differentiation of the submerged fungal culture was shown to be characterised by two reproduction pathways (conidiogenesis and arthrosporogenesis) and by the corresponding synthesis of serine proteinases II and I. The synthesis of serine proteinase I and cephalosporin was found to correlate with the polycyclic culture growth caused by the formation and germination of single spherical arthrospores. PMID- 3903442 TI - [Characteristics of the development and biosynthetic activity of a mixed culture of microorganisms]. AB - The growth of microbial populations and their biosynthesis of proteinases with the fibrinolytic activity were studied in an artificial ecosystem composed of a strain producing the enzymes (Nocardia minima 1) and a zero strain (Arthrobacter citreus VKM 654). The microorganisms in the association were shown to interact in terms of amensalism via metabolites if the enzyme-producing strain dominated. PMID- 3903443 TI - [Hydrogenase activity in Brevibacterium flavum]. AB - The activity of hydrogenase was assayed in the intact cells and subcellular fractions of Brevibacterium flavum. The organism was shown to have the membrane bound form of hydrogenase. The soluble NAD+-reducing hydrogenase was not found. Oxygen inhibited the hydrogenase activity, and its action was reversible. Molecular hydrogen activated the hydrogenase of B. flavum, which was shown to be a constitutive enzyme. PMID- 3903444 TI - [Determination, by the electro-optical method, of the number of undamaged bacterial cells after extreme exposures]. AB - The results of electro-optical measurements can be used to determine rapidly how the number of intact cells decreases before and after the action of certain extreme factors. The experiments were conducted with suspensions of Escherichia coli and Bacillus thuringiensis cells subjected to the action of heat, toluene, ethanol, and freezing. Electro-optical measurements can make it possible to assay the relative number of cells with both lethal and sublethal damages. PMID- 3903445 TI - High frequency oscillations: physiologic considerations. PMID- 3903446 TI - Physiologic consequences of high frequency jet ventilation. AB - High frequency jet ventilation provides effective gas exchange at frequencies of 60 to 900 minute-1. The selection of mechanical ventilatory support is based on multiple factors, including potential physiologic advantages and disadvantages. Although HFJV has demonstrated no clear significant advantage over CMV in many clinical applications, because it produces significantly lower peak airway pressures than CMV, cardiac compromise and barotrauma might be prevented. In addition, in situations in which tissue movement should be minimized, e.g., microneurosurgery, HFJV may prove beneficial. PMID- 3903447 TI - High frequency hardware: implementation of the latest mode of respiratory therapy. PMID- 3903448 TI - The Children's Medical Research Foundation--as it was in the beginning . . . PMID- 3903449 TI - Mastectomy or breast conservation? PMID- 3903450 TI - Ultrasound in the diagnosis of jaundice--a review. AB - A retrospective study of 92 jaundiced patients undergoing ultrasound examination was undertaken to assess the clinical utility of this test. The patients were graded according to the likelihood of biliary obstruction. In those in whom biliary obstruction was proven to be present, the sensitivity of ultrasound to detect the obstruction was 91% and the test specificity was 100%. In patients who had undergone cholecystectomy no increase in the diameter of the common duct was observed. Liver function tests proved to be unreliable in discriminating between extrahepatic obstructive jaundice and other forms of jaundice. Ultrasound scanning is a useful screening test in the diagnosis of the jaundiced patient. However, follow-up is suggested for those with a negative result of this test but in whom biliary obstruction is suspected. An approach to the investigation of the jaundiced patient should include early ultrasound examination in those with possible biliary obstruction. PMID- 3903451 TI - Antibiotic-induced hypoprothrombinaemia. PMID- 3903452 TI - History and development of the Children's Medical Research Foundation. PMID- 3903453 TI - Epidural corticosteroid agents for sciatica. PMID- 3903454 TI - Hypereosinophilic heart disease. AB - A 45-year-old patient with cardiac involvement from the idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome suffered from severe congestive cardiac failure with progressive deterioration despite intensive medical therapy. Investigations indicated bilateral ventricular infiltration with endomyocardial fibrosis which had caused severe haemodynamic restriction and bilateral atrioventricular valvular incompetence. Extensive surgery, which included bilateral ventricular endomyomectomy and mitral and tricuspid valve replacements, resulted in a significant improvement for six months. PMID- 3903455 TI - Pitfalls in the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy. PMID- 3903456 TI - The Bronte family. PMID- 3903457 TI - The use of ultrasound scanning by aboriginal health workers in antenatal care in a remote area of Australia. AB - The value of routine real-time scanning by Aboriginal health workers at antenatal clinics in a remote area of Australia was assessed using data derived from 206 women. The accuracy of the health workers' reports, the detection of high risk factors, the selection of a place for the delivery and the degree of antenatal attendance are discussed. PMID- 3903458 TI - Estrogen plus a progestin for prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis. PMID- 3903459 TI - [Effectiveness of treatment with chloroquine, fansidar and dabequin of Plasmodium falciparum carriers, residing in a hyperendemic focus of malaria (the city of Bagamoyo, Northeastern Tanzania)]. PMID- 3903460 TI - [Effectiveness and tolerance of a quinine and fansidar combination in the treatment of tropical malaria in the South of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam]. PMID- 3903461 TI - [Risk factors of development of malignant tropical malaria in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. Report 2. Comparative characteristics of the course of tropical malaria in users and non-users of narcotics]. PMID- 3903462 TI - [History of malaria control in the USSR (on the 40th anniversary of the Great Victory in World War II)]. PMID- 3903463 TI - [The age of menarche]. PMID- 3903464 TI - An unusual case of iatrogenic hypertension. PMID- 3903465 TI - [Postmenopausal osteoporosis]. PMID- 3903466 TI - Management of the diabetic patient before, during and after surgery with special emphasis on uremic patients and kidney transplant recipients. PMID- 3903467 TI - A backwoods doctor, Giles James Sheldon, first practicing physician in Houston County on the Minnesota frontier. Historical vignette. PMID- 3903468 TI - [History and future of liver surgery]. PMID- 3903469 TI - [A case of mesenteric venous thrombosis: its sonographic and computed tomographic findings]. AB - Primary mesenteric venous thrombosis is a rare disease and it is difficult to diagnose preoperatively. In this report, we present a case with interesting sonographic and computed tomographic findings. On March 15, 1984, a 53-year-old male was admitted to Central Hospital of Social Insurance because of intracranial hematoma, which was removed immediately. On May 17, the patient complained of a vague abdominal pain, in the left upper quadrant. Seven days later, the pain became severe and he was referred to our department. White blood cell count was 19300/mm3. On ultrasound and computed tomographic examination, a rigid thick walled bowel loop was visualized. Laparotomy was performed and a gangrenous bowel loop (35cm long) was resected. Postoperative course was well. It should be emphasized that ultrasound and computed tomography are noninvasive and may be very helpful for differential diagnosis in the cases of acute abdomen. PMID- 3903470 TI - [Comparison between stool CEA and serum CEA in colorectal cancer measured by monoclonal anti-CEA antibody]. PMID- 3903471 TI - Purification and characterization of some metabolic effects of S neplanocylmethionine. AB - Our laboratory has previously demonstrated that treatment of mouse L929 cells with 1 microM neplanocin A results in the metabolic formation of S neplanocylmethionine (Keller, B.T., and R.T. Borchardt, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 120:131-137 (1984]. The present study describes an efficient procedure for the purification of this analog from L cells based on its inherent chemical stability in alkaline conditions. Several metabolic effects of S neplanocylmethionine are also reported. In L cells, S-neplanocylmethionine was determined to have an apparent half-life of 13 hr compared to 1 hr for S adenosylmethionine during the initial 2 hr of a cycloleucine block. Analysis of polyamine levels in neplanocin A-treated cells showed a 3.8-fold decrease in putrescine and a 1.7-fold decrease in spermidine by 24 hr, reflecting a decrease in the cell growth rate in response to neplanocin A rather than a direct effect of S-neplanocylmethionine on the cellular S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase. Consistent with these results are our findings that S-neplanocylmethionine does not significantly inhibit purified rat prostate or Escherichia coli S adenosylmethionine decarboxylase and that [carboxy-14C]S-neplanocylmethionine exhibits no substrate activity with either enzyme. Purified S neplanocylmethionine was observed to be a weak inhibitor of both S adenosylmethionine-dependent protein carboxymethyltransferase and lipid methyltransferase in L cell extracts, having an IC50 value of 205 microM (S adenosylmethionine = 10 microM). Similar studies with [methyl-3H]S neplanocylmethionine indicate that the analog has little substrate activity in these two L cell methylation reactions and thus appears to act as a poor competitive inhibitor. PMID- 3903472 TI - Rabbit lung flavin-containing monooxygenase. Purification, characterization, and induction during pregnancy. AB - A flavin-containing monooxygenase has been purified to apparent homogeneity from lung microsomes of pregnant rabbits and characterized with respect to a number of physical and catalytic parameters. The apparent molecular weight, as determined on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, was 59,000, and the lung microsomal flavoprotein was shown to contain 14 nmol of FAD/mg of protein. Addition of NADP+ to the oxidized flavoprotein produced a shift in the spectrum characteristic of the flavin-containing monooxygenase from porcine liver, and addition of small amounts of NADPH to the oxidized rabbit lung enzyme produced a stable spectral intermediate consistent with that of a 4a-peroxyflavin. Rabbit lung flavin-containing monooxygenase differed markedly from the porcine liver enzyme in exhibiting a broader pH optimum from 8.5-10.5, by not being inhibited by concentrations of sodium cholate as high as 1% and by withstanding, in the absence of NADPH, incubation at 45 degrees for at least 10 min with no significant loss of activity. Unlike the pig liver enzyme, purified rabbit lung enzyme was not activated by n-octylamine and, in fact, n-octylamine stimulated NADPH oxidation. A number of compounds known to be substrates of the pig liver enzyme, including benzphetamine, chlorpromazine, and imipramine, are not substrates for the rabbit lung enzyme, whereas prochlorperazine and trifluoperazine are excellent substrates. Antibodies to rabbit lung flavin containing monooxygenase were raised in guinea pig and utilized for the immunoquantitation of this enzyme throughout gestation. The activity (as determined by N,N-dimethylaniline-N-oxidation) and amount of rabbit lung flavin containing monooxygenase were maximally induced (5-fold) on the 28th day of gestation. Liver microsomes from rabbit did not contain any of the lung form of flavin-containing monooxygenase at any time during gestation, as evidenced by results from Western blotting. These results demonstrate that, at least in rabbit, flavin-containing monooxygenase can exist as more than a single form. The physiological significance of the induction of this enzyme during pregnancy is not known. PMID- 3903473 TI - Immunochemical evidence of trifluoroacetylated cytochrome P-450 in the liver of halothane-treated rats. AB - Four hours after the administration of halothane to phenobarbital-pretreated rats, subcellular fractions of liver were isolated and the proteins in the fractions were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, transferred to nitrocellulose sheets, and immunochemically stained with anti-trifluoroacetylated antibodies. The microsomal fraction contained the highest level of trifluoroacetylated adducts. Its major trifluoroacetylated component was immunochemically identified as a phenobarbital inducible form of cytochrome P-450 (54 kDa), whereas the other observed trifluoroacetylated protein fraction (59 kDa) was not identified. The plasma membrane fraction also contained a 54-kDa trifluoroacetylated adduct, which was immunochemically related to the 54-kDa cytochrome P-450. Microsomes from untreated rats that were administered halothane contained only the 59-kDa trifluoroacetylated protein fraction. The specificity of the immunochemical staining for the bound oxidative metabolite of halothane was confirmed by the finding that rats treated with deuterated halothane had considerably less stained liver proteins than did those treated with halothane. These results suggest that the CF3COX oxidative metabolite of halothane is so reactive that it binds predominantly to the cytochrome P-450 that produced it. PMID- 3903475 TI - [Prenatally diagnosed fetal hydrothorax]. AB - A predominantly unilateral hydrothorax in an unborn child was diagnosed by sonography during the 34th gestational week. Because of a pathologic cardiotocogram it was necessary to make a primary caesarean section one day later. The premature baby was intubated immediately and the pleural discharge was removed. Later developmental of the child was uneventful. The hydrothorax was interpreted as a partial factor of a hydrops fetalis. Controlling the fetal pleural discharge by ultrasound examination and regular cardiotocogram a caesarean section should be done between the 34th and 36th week of pregnancy. PMID- 3903476 TI - [Masked obstructive uropathy of the upper urinary tract in childhood]. AB - Congenital ureteropelvic junction obstruction is the most common site of urinary tract obstruction in children. In infants an abdominal mass, in older children loin or abdominal pain, especially after fluid intake, are commonly the presenting features. In some cases the only symptom is posttraumatic hematuria. Appropriate diagnostic procedures are suggested. PMID- 3903474 TI - Ganglioside GD3: structure, cellular distribution, and possible function. AB - Insight on the function of gangliosides can emerge from knowledge of their cellular distribution. In this paper we review the structure of ganglioside GD3 and recent information on its cellular distribution. GD3 appears to be enriched in a variety of neural cell types including: reactive glia, gliomas, undifferentiated neurons, Muller glia, and oligodendroglia. Because each of these cell types share an enhanced permeability to ions and metabolites or possess properties associated with enhanced permeability, we suggest that GD3 is associated with enhanced membrane permeability. A possible function for GD3 in membrane permeability has implications for other cellular events such as metabolism, growth and interactions. PMID- 3903477 TI - Biochemical and molecular epidemiology of human cancer risk. PMID- 3903478 TI - The biochemical pathology of toxic cell death. AB - The toxicity of chemicals is, in most cases, a consequence of their metabolism, and the cytochrome P450-dependent mixed function oxidases are the most common mechanisms mediating such biotransformations. The mechanisms linking metabolism to the genesis of lethal cell injury is a central concern of biochemical pathology. For many years it has been widely held that cellular injury is mediated by the interaction of chemically reactive metabolites with macromolecules. The evidence to support such an hypothesis is largely circumstantial. There is, however, little or no data relative to the nature of the cellular targets of covalent binding or the functional consequences that result from the interactions between the chemical toxin and key cellular macromolecules. Recent studies have provided alternative mechanisms. Emphasis has been given to recently described changes in intracellular calcium homeostasis, changes in thiol status, and the role of acute oxidative stress imposed by the formation of activated oxygen species. Future studies can be expected to focus on the nature and extent of the membrane injury mediated by such oxygen metabolites and on the relationship between such membrane damage and alterations in calcium and thiol homeostasis. PMID- 3903479 TI - Gene regulation in the expression of malignancy. PMID- 3903480 TI - Metal toxicity in the nervous system. PMID- 3903481 TI - The effect of a split UV dose on survival, division delay and mutagenesis in Escherichia coli. PMID- 3903482 TI - The synthesis and mutagenicity of the 3-ethyl analogues of the potent mutagens IQ, MeIQ, MeIQx and its 3,7-dimethyl isomer. AB - The title compounds were synthesized and tested for mutagenicity on Salmonella typhimurium TA98 in the presence of S9 mix. All test compounds showed lower activity than their respective 3-methyl analogues (IQ compounds). The replacement of the 3-methyl by an ethyl group should not alter the chemistry of these compounds; hence, their lower mutagenic activity could merely be of steric origin. PMID- 3903483 TI - Automated modification of the Ames test with COBAS Bact. AB - The automatic analyser for microbiology "COBAS Bact" from Roche, supplemented by a Hewlett-Packard 9816S is used to automate the Salmonella mutagenicity test, developed by Ames. More than 30 compounds were tested in this system and the results were shown to be in good agreement with those obtained with the standard Ames test. PMID- 3903484 TI - Competition between the dam mutator and the isogenic wild-type of Escherichia coli. AB - Previous studies have shown that the mutT, mutH, mutL and mutS mutators of Escherichia coli confer a marked selective advantage on their respective hosts in competition with otherwise isogenic wild-type strains. We have conducted competition experiments between dam- and dam+ strains of Escherichia coli and have found that dam mutator strains are negatively selected. Although dam- is the first mutator to have a lower fitness than wild-type under chemostat conditions our result does not contradict the hypothesis that increased mutation rates are of evolutionary advantage under environmental stress conditions. Only in the special case of dam- does the advantage of higher mutation rates not outweigh the disadvantage due to the dam- -caused heavy pleiotropic effects. PMID- 3903485 TI - Modification of survival after ultraviolet light exposure in a wild-type and a polA strain of Escherichia coli B/r by preirradiation treatment with chloramphenicol or rifampin. AB - The shoulder of the UV fluence-survival curve of exponentially growing Escherichia coli B/r WP2 trpE65 was expanded by chloramphenicol pretreatment and an exponential segment with intermediate slope appeared between the shoulder and the final exponential segment. These changes were dependent on DNA replication. The transitions with UV exposure to increased slopes were ascribed to UV inactivation of qualitatively different repair systems, each dependent upon the accumulation in each bacterium of multiple DNA-containing redundant repair components, which must be inactivated before the respective transitions to decreased resistance occur. Rifampin, which blocks DNA-dependent RNA polymerase function, limited drastically expansion of the shoulder and development of the intermediate exponential slope. Bacteria defective in DNA polymerase I (polA) showed only a slight expansion of the shoulder with pretreatment with chloramphenicol. Since certain bacterial plasmids require RNA primer formation for initiation of replication and are not maintained in a polA strain, it is proposed that the chloramphenicol-promoted increase in resistance depends on the formation of multiple numbers of specific resistance episomes (called repairons in view of their role in DNA repair). PMID- 3903486 TI - Metabolism and mutagenesis of benzidine in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA98/1,8-DNP. PMID- 3903487 TI - Conditions that influence the genetic activity of potassium dichromate and chromium chloride in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - Potassium dichromate and chromium chloride were analyzed for their ability to induce mitotic gene conversion and point reverse mutation in D7 diploid strain of S. cerevisiae. We used cells from the stationary phase of growth with and without metabolic activation (S9 hepatic fraction) and cells from the logarithmic phase, that contain a high level of cytochrome P-450 and have a greater permeability. In the present work we confirmed the genetic activity of K2Cr2O7 in cells from the stationary phase, with and without S9 fraction and in cells from the logarithmic growth phase. A slight increase in genetic activity was observed in experiments with CrCl3 using phosphate buffer, but no genetic effects were noted in Tris-HCl buffer. Our studies suggest that phosphate ion may be the carrier responsible of the entrance of trivalent chromium in the cells. The higher cellular permeability may account for the different results obtained with both compounds in cells from the stationary and logarithmic phases of growth. PMID- 3903488 TI - Induction of SOS responses in Escherichia coli by Panfuran-S, 3 di(hydroxymethyl)amino-6-(5-nitro-2-furylethenyl)-1,2,4-triazine. AB - The inducibility of SOS responses by Panfuran-S, which has been used as an antimicrobial medicine in Japan, was studied in Escherichia coli cells having different DNA-repair capacities for UV lesions. Panfuran-S induced mutations at high frequencies in uvrA and the wild-type strains, and significant killing effects of Panfuran-S were detected in DNA-repair-deficient strains, uvrA and recA. The effective prophage induction was detected in two kinds of lambda lysogenized cells treated with Panfuran-S. The expression of the umuC+ gene was apparently induced in uvrA and the wild-type strains, but not induced in lexA and recA strains. In particular, high inducibility of the gene expression was detected in uvrA strain as compared with the wild-type strain. From these results, we conclude that Panfuran-S is a DNA-damaging agent and may induce the error-prone SOS responses. PMID- 3903489 TI - Immunohistochemical study of myoglobin in neuromuscular diseases. AB - The localization of myoglobin (Mb) in skeletal muscle in various neuromuscular diseases was studied by an immunoperoxidase technique. The immunoreactivity of Mb was shown to be well preserved in muscle fibers that showed denervation atrophy or vacuolar degeneration, as well as in muscle fibers with apparently normal structure. Marked decrease or loss of Mb immunoreactivity was observed in muscle fibers with hyaline degeneration or floccular necrosis, where there was irreversible disruption of the muscle fibers. On the other hand, regenerated fibers showed variable immunostaining for Mb. Most regenerated fibers showed little or no immunostaining but some showed staining as strong as apparently normal fibers. These findings in various neuromuscular diseases suggested that the elevation of serum Mb in patients with these diseases was ascribed to its release from severely injured, necrotic muscle fibers. The immunohistochemistry for Mb was shown to be useful to evaluate plasma membrane injury and characterize muscle degeneration. PMID- 3903490 TI - Changes in intramuscular collagen and fibronectin in denervation atrophy. AB - The distribution of collagen types I, III, and V and fibronectin was investigated by means of immunofluorescent techniques in denervated and normal rat skeletal muscle. During a period of 28 days, a distinct atrophy developed in the denervated gastrocnemius muscle and was accompanied by an increase in types I and III collagen in the endomysium and perimysium. The amount of type V collagen showed little change, whereas fibronectin increase closely parallelled types I and III collagen. The results indicate that denervation atrophy in muscles is accompanied by striking fibrotic changes due to mesenchymal types I and III collagen. PMID- 3903491 TI - Neural control of phenotypic expression in mammalian muscle fibers. AB - In this review, the present knowledge about the mechanisms involved in the control of the phenotypic expression of mammalian muscle fibers is summarized. There is a discussion as to how the activity imposed on the muscle fibers by the motoneuron finally induces in the muscle cells the expression of those genes that define its particular phenotype. The functional and molecular heterogeneity of skeletal muscle is thus defined by the existence of motor units with varied function, while the homogeneity of muscle fibers belonging to the same motor unit is yet another indication of the importance of activity in the control of gene expression of the mammalian muscle fiber. PMID- 3903492 TI - Diagnostic advantage of needle muscle biopsy and ultrasound imaging in the detection of focal pathology in a girl with limb girdle dystrophy. AB - Ultrasound imaging of the thigh in a 6-year-old girl with limb girdle muscular dystrophy showed striking focal involvement of the vastus intermedius and vastus lateralis muscles, with sparing and hypertrophy of the rectus femoris muscle. This was confirmed on needle muscle biopsy, using the Bergstrom needle, which showed normal histology in the rectus femoris and severe dystrophic change in the vastus intermedius. In neuromuscular disease, it is important to be aware of the possibility of focal muscle involvement, which can be screened for by ultrasound imaging and more effectively investigated by needle than by open muscle biopsy. PMID- 3903493 TI - Humoral immunofluorescent antibodies in subjects with dermatophytosis. PMID- 3903494 TI - [Mycologic studies of public swimming pools and saunas in Marburg]. PMID- 3903495 TI - Respiratory control in mitochondria from Trypanosoma cruzi. AB - Phosphorylating mitochondrial membranes were obtained from Trypanosoma cruzi culture (epimastigote) forms. Using ADP as phosphate acceptor and succinate, sn glycerol-3-phosphate, L-malate or ascorbate plus tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine (TMPD) as oxidizable substrates, energy coupling sites II and III were detected, with respiratory control values in the range of 2.8-2.0. Carbonyl cyanide m chlorophenylhydrazone and sonication uncoupled the respiratory control mechanism. Antimycin and cyanide partially inhibited succinate, sn-glycerol-3-phosphate and L-malate oxidation, while cyanide totally inhibited ascorbate + TMPD oxidation by the mitochondrial preparation. Succinate oxidation was inhibited by malonate and oxalacetate, but this latter was only effective with sonicated mitochondria. At variance with other substrates, NADH oxidation was not controlled by ADP concentration or inhibited by antimycin or cyanide. Rotenone failed to inhibit electron transfer in T. cruzi mitochondria. PMID- 3903496 TI - In vitro differentiation of Trypanosoma cruzi under chemically defined conditions. AB - Metacyclic trypomastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi have been obtained in chemically defined axenic culture. The differentiating medium, composed of artificial triatomine urine supplemented with proline, allows high yields of metacyclic trypomastigotes after 72-h incubation of T. cruzi cells at 27 degrees C. Morphological differentiation of the parasites is gradual under these chemically defined conditions and is preceded by the expression of stage-specific polypeptides. The yield of in vitro-induced metacyclic trypomastigotes depends upon the age of the epimastigote culture, the size of the inoculum and the depth of the medium. Metacyclic trypomastigotes differentiated in vitro from the Dm 28c clone of T. cruzi are both resistant to complement lysis and to macrophage digestion. They are able to infect mice with an efficiency similar to that obtained for natural metacyclic trypomastigotes obtained from triatomine excreta. PMID- 3903497 TI - End products and enzyme levels of aerobic glucose fermentation in trypanosomatids. AB - Trypanosoma cruzi (epimastigotes), Crithidia fasciculata and Leishmania mexicana (promastigotes) were grown in a brain-heart-tryptose medium supplemented with heat-inactivated fetal calf serum. T. cruzi and C. fasciculata utilized glucose completely during the log phase of growth, whereas L. mexicana used significant amounts of the carbohydrate only at the end of the log phase and at the beginning of the stationary phase. In all cases glucose consumption resulted in excretion of succinate, and much smaller amounts of acetate. C. fasciculata and L. mexicana produced very small amounts of pyruvate. C. fasciculata produced ethanol, which was taken up again and metabolysed after glucose was exhausted. Lactate and malate were not produced. The cells were disrupted by sonic disintegration, and the activities of some key enzymes of carbohydrate and amino acid catabolism were assayed in the whole homogenates. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase was present in the three organisms; L. mexicana presented the highest specific activity. The activity of this enzyme was maximal during glucose consumption, and slightly decreased after glucose was exhausted. This suggests that the role played by the enzyme is glycolytic and not gluconeogenic; the latter is the case in most higher organisms. Hexokinase and pyruvate kinase presented their highest levels in C. fasciculata and T. cruzi during glucose consumption. L. mexicana, which was in active glycolysis during the whole experimental period, presented the highest specific activities of both enzymes. Citrate synthase, on the other hand, increased in C. fasciculata and, to a lesser extent, in T. cruzi, after glucose was exhausted; the enzyme could not be detected in L. mexicana. The NAD-linked glutamate dehydrogenase increased considerably in C. fasciculata and T. cruzi after glucose was exhausted, suggesting a catabolic role for the enzyme. This increase coincided with an increase in NH3 production by both organisms after glucose consumption. The NADP-linked glutamate dehydrogenase, on the other hand, presented a maximum about the time when glucose was exhausted, and then decreased again, which suggests a catabolic role for the enzyme. Both glutamate dehydrogenases had low activities in L. mexicana; this fits in well with the low NH3 production throughout the culture of this organism. The results are in good agreement with current ideas on the mechanism of aerobic glucose fermentation by trypanosomatids, and suggest that, under the experimental conditions used, both T. cruzi and C. fasciculata used glucose perferentially over amino acids for growth. PMID- 3903498 TI - The strategies of energy conservation in helminths. AB - From the above discussion it is quite obvious that the bioenergetics in helminths are different in many ways from those found in higher organisms. All adult helminths appear to be able to consume oxygen when it is available but none of them can use it to drive the pathways of complete substrate degradation, like typical aerobic organisms, as a major strategy for energy generation. These properties hold also true for those worms residing in a highly aerobic environment, such as the blood stream or the muscle and lung tissues. Although in a number of recent studies oxygen was found to play apparently a greater role in the bioenergetics of adult helminths than originally thought, energy-generating mechanisms in adult worms seem to place greater emphasis on fermentations and anaerobic electron transport processes. These exhibit relatively low energy conservation efficiencies and result in the formation of a variety of organic end products, most of which must be excreted. The obvious correlation between the type of bioenergetic strategy operative in a particular helminth species and its environmental conditions is not well understood. The increased capacity to generate chemical energy and key metabolites of helminths possessing multiple fermentations and anaerobic respirations may give the organism greater versatility and metabolic flexibility to respond to the environmental changes observed in its corresponding habitat. Other helminths, such as schistosomes and filariids, which have continuous access to a fairly constant nutrient supply, were found to depend primarily on the more inefficiently functioning and primitive strategy of glycolysis for energy production. The reason for the occurrence in helminths of limited oxidative capacities is not completely clear. It may be assumed that the variety of alternative anaerobic pathways have evolved in response to the lack of a circulatory system and/or to the specific, often peculiar, environmental conditions prevailing in most parasitic habitats. An alternative idea put forward by Barrett [8] is that helminth metabolism represents a form of biochemical economy. Most endoparasites have an abundant supply of food and swim as if in a land of Cockain, obviously without any need to extract a maximum amount of chemical energy from the nutrients they take up. On the other hand, the fact that free-living and other larval or juvenile stages of helminths often have a typical aerobic bioenergetic pattern is a clear indication that the DNA of these organisms carries the genetic message for all the enzymes involved in complete substrate degradation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3903499 TI - Extracranial-intracranial arterial bypass and cerebral vascular disease. PMID- 3903500 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of congenital muscular dystrophy producing arthrogryposis. PMID- 3903501 TI - A randomized trial of chemotherapy and hormonal therapy in advanced breast cancer. AB - We randomized 81 postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer, whose tumors were rich in estrogen receptors or of unknown estrogen-receptor status, to receive either estrogen therapy alone or estrogen therapy combined with chemotherapy. An additional 31 patients, whose tumors were poor in estrogen receptors, were randomized to receive either chemotherapy alone or estrogen combined with chemotherapy. The median duration of follow-up was 87 months. In the receptor-rich group, the survival of the 21 patients receiving combined therapy was significantly longer than that of 19 patients receiving estrogen as initial therapy (followed by chemotherapy after failure or relapse). The median survivals were 72 and 29 months, respectively (P = 0.05 by the generalized Wilcoxon method). Among 41 patients with tumors of unknown receptor status, a survival advantage from combined therapy over chemotherapy was seen in the first two years and then disappeared. The survival in 31 patients with receptor-poor tumors was uniformly short regardless of the therapeutic method. We conclude that combined therapy offers a survival advantage in postmenopausal patients with receptor-rich tumors. PMID- 3903502 TI - Financing health care for the poor. PMID- 3903503 TI - Herpesvirus infections of pregnancy. Part II: Herpes simplex virus and varicella zoster virus infections. PMID- 3903504 TI - Aspirin, sulfinpyrazone, or both in unstable angina. Results of a Canadian multicenter trial. AB - We performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 555 patients with unstable angina who were hospitalized in coronary care units. Patients received one of four possible treatment regimens: aspirin (325 mg four times daily), sulfinpyrazone (200 mg four times daily), both, or neither. They were entered into the trial within eight days of hospitalization and were treated and followed for up to two years (mean, 18 months). The incidence of cardiac death and nonfatal myocardial infarction, considered together, was 8.6 per cent in the groups given aspirin and 17.0 per cent in the other groups, representing a risk reduction with aspirin of 51 per cent (P = 0.008). The corresponding figures for either cardiac death alone or death from any cause were 3.0 per cent in the groups given aspirin and 11.7 per cent in the other groups, representing a risk reduction of 71 per cent (P = 0.004). Analysis by intention to treat yielded smaller risk reductions with aspirin of 30 per cent (P = 0.072), 56 per cent (P = 0.009), and 43 per cent (P = 0.035) for the outcomes of cardiac death or nonfatal acute myocardial infarction, cardiac death alone, and all deaths, respectively. There was no observed benefit of sulfinpyrazone for any outcome event, and there was no evidence of an interaction between sulfinpyrazone and aspirin. Considered together with the results of a previous clinical trial, these findings provide strong evidence for a beneficial effect of aspirin in patients with unstable angina. PMID- 3903505 TI - Burns. PMID- 3903506 TI - The changing base line of complex ventricular arrhythmias. A new consideration in assessing long-term antiarrhythmic drug therapy. AB - Initial base-line electrocardiograms are used to assess the efficacy of treatment for ventricular arrhythmias. This approach assumes that in the absence of treatment the frequency of arrhythmia would remain constant. To test the validity of this assumption, we studied 26 clinically stable patients with symptomatic but not life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias, during two periods of placebo treatment separated by a mean of 17 months. As compared with the initial placebo period, there were significant reductions in ventricular premature depolarizations (50 per cent), pairs (65 per cent), and ventricular tachycardia (83 per cent) during the second period of placebo administration (P less than or equal to 0.05 for all comparisons). Over one third of the patients gave the appearance of receiving successful therapy during the second placebo period, even when the reported spontaneous variability of ventricular arrhythmia was taken into consideration. If unrecognized, these long-term spontaneous changes in the frequency of arrhythmia could result in continuation of unnecessary and potentially toxic therapy and lead to incorrect conclusions regarding the efficacy of antiarrhythmic drugs in clinical trials. We therefore recommend that the frequency of arrhythmia be reassessed annually in the absence of treatment in patients similar to those in our study. These recommendations should not be applied to patients with life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias. PMID- 3903507 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 49-1985. A 25-year-old Haitian man with Hansen's disease, painful subcutaneous nodules, fever, and hypesthesia. PMID- 3903508 TI - Observations on the systemic administration of autologous lymphokine-activated killer cells and recombinant interleukin-2 to patients with metastatic cancer. AB - We describe here the preliminary results of the systemic administration of autologous lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells and the recombinant-derived lymphokine interleukin-2 to patients with advanced cancer. This regimen was based on animal models in which the systemic administration of LAK cells plus interleukin-2 mediated the regression of established pulmonary and hepatic metastases from a variety of murine tumors in several strains of mice. We treated 25 patients with metastatic cancer in whom standard therapy had failed. Patients received both 1.8 to 18.4 X 10(10) autologous LAK cells, generated from lymphocytes obtained through multiple leukaphereses, and up to 90 doses of interleukin-2. Objective regression of cancer (more than 50 per cent of volume) was observed in 11 of the 25 patients: complete tumor regression occurred in one patient with metastatic melanoma and has been sustained for up to 10 months after therapy, and partial responses occurred in nine patients with pulmonary or hepatic metastases from melanoma, colon cancer, or renal-cell cancer and in one patient with a primary unresectable lung adenocarcinoma. Severe fluid retention was the major side effect of therapy, although all side effects resolved after interleukin-2 administration was stopped. Further development of this approach and additional patient follow-up are required before conclusions about its therapeutic value can be drawn. PMID- 3903509 TI - Secretory IgA and secretory component in women affected by recidivant vaginal candidiasis. AB - Local immunity was evaluated in 47 patients affected by recidivant vaginal candidiasis and 33 control women. IgG, IgA, IgM and secretory component (SC) were determined by single radial immunodiffusion in samples of cervicovaginal secretion. IgG in dosable levels was detected in 17/47 samples (36.2%) and IgA in 15/47 patients (31.9%) whereas in the controls, the incidence was 31/33 (93.9%) for IgG and 24/33 (72.7%) for IgA. The difference was significative (P less than 0.001) for both immunoglobulins. Significant differences were not obtained for IgM. The SC was detected in 4/47 cervicovaginal secretions of patients affected by candidiasis (8.5%) whereas in the control samples the incidence was 21/33 (63.6%) (P less than 0.001). In only 2/15 patients with dosable levels of IgA (13%) the secretory nature of this immunoglobulin could be shown by its reaction with anti-SC serum. In the control group, secretory IgA was detected in 19/24 cases (79%) (P less than 0.001). Serum immunoglobulins levels were normal. The lack of secretory IgA and SC in the secretion could be related to the adherence capacity of the Candida albicans to epithelial cells. PMID- 3903510 TI - Use of killer toxins for computer-aided differentiation of Candida albicans strains. AB - Killer toxins were isolated from eight selected killer yeasts. Their activity on 100 Candida albicans isolates of human and animal origin was studied. A computer aided system for differentiating C. albicans strains was developed. By using this system, it was possible to differentiate 14 biotypes of C. albicans isolates based on their susceptibility to the killer toxins. PMID- 3903511 TI - John F. Enders (1897-1985). PMID- 3903512 TI - Leprosy vaccine. Large-scale trials begin in India. PMID- 3903513 TI - Cleavage of 5' splice site and lariat formation are independent of 3' splice site in yeast mRNA splicing. AB - Analysis of messenger RNA splicing in yeast and in metazoa has led to the identification of an RNA molecule in a lariat conformation. This structure has been found as an mRNA splicing intermediate in vitro and identical molecules have been identified in vivo. Lariat formation involves cleavage of the precursor at the 5' splice site (5' SS) and the formation of a 2'-5' phosphodiester bond between the guanosine residue at the 5' end of the intron and an adenosine within the intron. The yeast branchpoint is located within the absolutely conserved TACTAAC box (that is, the last A of the TACTAAC box is the site of formation of the 2'-5' phosphodiester bond with the 5' end of the intron)3,4. Moreover, efficient 5' SS cleavage and lariat formation require proper sequences at the 5' splice junction and within the TACTAAC box. Here we demonstrate that 5' SS cleavage and lariat formation take place in vitro in the absence of the 3' SS and much of the 3' junction. These results are discussed in light of possible differences between yeast and metazoan mRNA splicing. PMID- 3903514 TI - The three-dimensional structure of trp repressor. AB - The crystal structure of the Escherichia coli trp repressor has been solved to atomic resolution. The dimeric protein has a remarkable subunit interface in which five of each subunit's six helices are interlinked. The binding of L tryptophan activates the aporepressor indirectly by fixing the orientation of the second helix of the helix-turn-helix motif and by moulding the details of the repressor's structure near the DNA binding surface. PMID- 3903515 TI - The cellular oncogene p53 can be activated by mutagenesis. AB - P53 is a cellular phosphoprotein of short half-life (t1/2) which is present at elevated levels in cells transformed by various stimuli including viruses, chemicals and radiation. p53 forms specific stable complexes with simian virus 40 (SV40) large-T antigen and an adenovirus E1b protein of relative molecular mass (Mr) 57,000. A number of reports have associated p53 with cell proliferation, and p53 complementary DNA expression constructs immortalize primary cells in vitro and render them sensitive to transformation by an activated ras oncogene. We have examined the biological properties of a set of p53 expression constructs, and report here that cellular immortalization by a wild-type p53 cDNA gene is conditional upon the promoter/enhancer construction used, but that p53 can extend cellular lifespan by a second distinct mechanism involving rearrangements of the coding sequence which give rise to stable protein products. Cells immortalized by one of these mutants are refractory to subsequent transformation by a ras oncogene, indicating that cellular immortalization and ras cooperation are separate activities. PMID- 3903516 TI - Negative control at a distance mediates catabolite repression in yeast. AB - In prokaryotic organisms, the control of gene expression is mediated by regulatory proteins that activate or repress transcription. However, the molecular mechanisms of positive and negative control are different. In terms of negative control, repressor proteins bind to sites located within the promoter region and as a consequence sterically interfere with functional binding by RNA polymerase. Here, I examine the properties of a regulatory sequence that specifies catabolite (glucose) repression in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Specifically, a DNA segment containing this regulatory site was fused upstream of the intact his3 promoter region and structural gene at several locations. Normally, his3 expression in these derivatives occurs at a basal level which can be induced by conditions of amino-acid starvation. However, in glucose medium, the catabolite regulatory sequence overrides the normal his3 promoter elements and reduces transcription both in normal and starvation conditions. The implication from these results is that in contrast to catabolite repression in Escherichia coli, which is mediated by catabolite-activating protein (CAP), catabolite repression in yeast occurs by a negative control mechanism involving a putative repressor protein. The observation that this regulatory site exerts its repressing effects even when located upstream of an intact promoter region suggests that repression in yeast is not mediated by steric interference between regulatory proteins and the transcriptional apparatus. PMID- 3903517 TI - Sequence of human tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases and its identity to erythroid-potentiating activity. AB - Collagen fibres form the stable architecture of connective tissues and their breakdown is a key irreversible step in many pathological conditions. The destruction of collagen is usually initiated by proteinases, the best known of which is the metalloproteinase collagenase (EC 3.4.24). Collagenase and related metalloproteinases are regulated at the level of their synthesis and secretion, through the action of specific stimuli such as hormones and cytokines, and also at the level of their extracellular activity through the action of a specific inhibitor, TIMP (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases), which irreversibly forms inactive complexes with metalloproteinases. Although the mechanisms governing the production of TIMP are unknown, immunologically identical forms of this glycoprotein have been detected in a wide variety of human body fluids and cell and tissue culture media. We therefore suggested that under physiological conditions this ubiquitous inhibitor predominates over active metalloproteinases and that tissue destruction may arise when any perturbation of this controlling excess arises. However, further progress towards testing this theory has been hindered by a lack of knowledge about the structure of TIMP and insufficient material for studying it in model systems. Here we describe the structure of TIMP predicted from its complementary DNA, its synthesis in Escherichia coli and transfected animal cells, and the finding that it is identical to a protein recently reported to have erythroid-potentiating activity (EPA). PMID- 3903518 TI - Expression of a foreign gene in myeloid and lymphoid cells derived from multipotent haematopoietic precursors. AB - Bone marrow cells infected with retroviral vectors carrying the bacterial neomycin resistance (neo) gene as a marker were used for long-term reconstitution of the haematopoietic system of irradiated mice. The neo gene is expressed in the myeloid and lymphoid lineages of these animals and an analysis of the sites of viral integration indicates that these lineages are derived from the same primitive multipotent cells. PMID- 3903519 TI - Aspirin causes short-lived inhibition of bradykinin-stimulated prostacyclin production in man. AB - Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) inhibits prostanoid synthesis by irreversible acetylation of fatty acid cyclooxygenase (EC 1.14.99.1). It thereby inhibits synthesis of pro-aggregatory thromboxane A2 (TXA2) by platelets and is widely used in the treatment and prophylaxis of vascular disease. Its efficacy, however, may be reduced since it also inhibits formation of prostacyclin (PGI2) which is a vasodilator and anti-aggregatory agent. There is uncertainty over the optimum dose regimen for aspirin since although it inhibits platelet thromboxane production for many days, the magnitude and duration of its effect on PGI2 production by vascular endothelium in vivo is unknown. Resting plasma concentrations of PGI2 (measured as the stable hydrolysis product 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha) are at or below the limit of sensitivity of the most sensitive assays and cannot therefore be used to demonstrate a reduction in production. Bradykinin stimulates PGI2 synthesis by cultured human vascular endothelial cells and we have shown that it stimulates PGI2 production by man in vivo. We report here that an oral dose of aspirin (600 mg) causes rapid and substantial inhibition of bradykinin-stimulated PGI2 production, but recovery occurs within 6 hours; this implies that endothelial PGI2 synthesis would be spared most of the time during dosing once daily with even this relatively large dose of aspirin. PMID- 3903520 TI - Isolation, sequence determination and expression in Escherichia coli of the isopenicillin N synthetase gene from Cephalosporium acremonium. AB - The enzyme isopenicillin N synthetase (IPS) catalyses the oxidative condensation of delta-(L-alpha-aminoadipyl)-L-cysteinyl-D-valine (LLD-ACV) to isopenicillin N, which is a central reaction in the pathway to clinically important penicillins and cephalosporins. Here we report the cloning, characterization and expression in Escherichia coli of the gene encoding the IPS protein in Cephalosporium acremonium. The IPS gene was identified by purifying IPS protein, determining the first 23 amino-terminal amino acids, preparing a set of synthetic oligonucleotides encoding a portion of the determined amino-acid sequence, and probing a cosmid genome library with the mixed oligonucleotides. A cosmid hybridizing with the probe was isolated and the IPS gene was localized and sequenced. The IPS gene encodes a polypeptide of relative molecular mass (Mr) 38,416. When this open reading frame was cloned into an E. coli expression vector and inserted into E. coli, the recombinant E. coli produced a new protein co migrating with authentic IPS as the major protein of the cell (approximately 20% of cell protein). Crude cell extracts condensed LLD-ACV to a penicillinase sensitive molecule whose antibacterial activity indicated that it was isopenicillin N. PMID- 3903521 TI - Asheville: the tuberculosis era. PMID- 3903522 TI - Cancer immunology is a rapidly developing field. PMID- 3903523 TI - [The significance of glycosylated hemoglobin in the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 3903524 TI - [A quarter century of hip joint prostheses; a look backward, current status and future expectations]. PMID- 3903525 TI - [Direct diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis using monoclonal antibodies: diagnosis without culture?]. PMID- 3903526 TI - [The treatment of mandibular fractures in historical perspective]. PMID- 3903527 TI - Unilateral parenchymatous kidney disease and hypertension: results of nephrectomy and medical treatment. AB - In the present study 43 patients with unilateral parenchymatous kidney disease and hypertension were investigated. 20 patients were nephrectomized, 23 treated with antihypertensive drugs. Both therapeutic approaches showed an excellent and sustained blood pressure-(BP)-lowering effect. BP fell from 185 +/- 27/116 +/- 13 to 138 +/- 20/86 +/- 10 mm Hg in the operated and from 194 +/- 32/116 +/- 13 to 149 +/- 22/95 +/- 12 mm Hg in the medically treated patients after 2 and 6 weeks, respectively (p less than 0.001). BP was 142 +/- 16/89 +/- 11 and 136 +/- 16/90 +/- 10 mm Hg at the long-term follow-up in the 2 subgroups. In the operated group 70% (n = 14) were cured, 20% (n = 4) were improved and 10% (n = 2) unimproved. In the medically treated group 65% (n = 15) were normotensive, 26% (n = 6) improved and 9% (n = 2) treatment resistant. No significant correlation between postoperative BP reduction and lateralization of renin secretion (PRA-ratio greater than or equal to 1.5) was found. Although cured patients showed a higher mean PRA-ratio, 4 patients with a PRA-ratio less than 1.5 were cured (n = 2) or improved (n = 2) postoperatively. Our results document an excellent and sustained antihypertensive effect of both nephrectomy and medical treatment in patients with unilateral parenchymatous kidney disease and hypertension. They further limit the predictive value of renal venous renin determination in the preoperative workup. PMID- 3903528 TI - Controlled trial of two different methylprednisolone doses in cadaveric renal transplantation. AB - In a controlled trial the effects of two different methylprednisolone (MP) schedules were studied in 100 cadaver kidney adult recipients followed for 18-46 months. Group A patients were given 160 mg/day i.v. for 3 days, then oral MP (0.8 mg/kg/day), which was tapered by 4 mg/week to a maintenance dose of 16 mg/day up to the 6th month. Group B patients were given 80 mg/day i.v. for 3 days followed by 0.4 mg/kg/day oral MP; the dose was reduced by 2 mg/week to 16 mg/day. In both groups, the dose was further reduced bimonthly to a final dose of 8 mg/day. No significant differences were evidenced between the two groups in patients and kidney survival or in the incidence of complications. The number of patients with at least one rejection episode was significantly higher in the lower dose group. PMID- 3903530 TI - Captopril and Bartter's syndrome. PMID- 3903529 TI - Sulindac and ibuprofen inhibit furosemide-stimulated renin release but not natriuresis in men on a normal sodium diet. AB - We compared the effect of two commonly prescribed nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, ibuprofen and sulindac, and placebo on intravenous furosemide-induced natriuresis and renin stimulation in 11 healthy male volunteers, consuming a 100 mEq sodium, 80 mEq potassium diet. Chronic (6-day) therapy with each agent was followed by a 1-week washout period. There were no significant treatment-related differences in either urine volume or sodium excretion for any of the designated collection periods or for the cumulative value for the 4 h after furosemide administration. Similarly, differences among groups were not observed for creatinine clearance, urinary potassium and urinary chloride excretion. Mean basal plasma renin activity levels prior to furosemide administration on day 6 were significantly lower in the presence of ibuprofen (1.5 +/- 2.0 ng/ml/h;p less than 0.01) and sulindac (2,3 +/- 0.9 ng/ml/h; p less than 0.05), compared with placebo (3.3 +/- 1.1 ng/ml/h); the difference between the two NSAIDs was also significant (p less than 0.05). Mean plasma renin activity levels in the 4 h after furosemide increased significantly at all time points in comparison to basal values, but were significantly less for ibuprofen and sulindac groups in the first hour. Our data suggest that the natriuresis following intravenous furosemide in men consuming a normal sodium intake is not prostaglandin dependent. Furthermore, the observation that sulindac suppressed basal and stimulated plasma renin activity levels, albeit to a lesser extent than ibuprofen, questions the claim that sulindac "spares' the kidney and compels further evaluation of this issue. PMID- 3903531 TI - The late positive component of the evoked cortical potential: application to neurotoxicity testing. AB - There is an urgent need for efficient, non-invasive measures of neurotoxic insult in humans. The late positive component (LPC) of the event-related cortical potential may be such a measure. The latency and amplitude of the LPC have been related to both memory and response speed, two aspects of behavior which are indicators of neurological status. The LPC has been found to be altered in cases of known neurophysiological insult, including Alzheimer's disease, cerebrovascular disease, Parkinson's disease, surgical and traumatic damage, hyperkinesis, chronic alcoholism, mental retardation, and in schizophrenia. Further development of the LPC as a possible indicator of both the cognitive impairment due to neurotoxic substances as well as the site of neurological damage is warranted. PMID- 3903532 TI - Behavioral toxicology: evaluating cognitive functions. AB - Behavioral toxicology is concerned with the identification of adverse effects on neural and behavioral functions resulting from exposure to a neurotoxicant. Many substances are known to have effects on cognitive functions such as memory, attention and perception. This paper reviews some of the issues that must be addressed when trying to assess these neurotoxic effects on cognition, and identifies a variety of paradigms that have been explored for use in behavioral toxicology. PMID- 3903533 TI - Multiple, single-dose naltrexone administrations fail to effect overall cognitive functioning and plasma cortisol in individuals with probable Alzheimer's disease. AB - A double-blind placebo-controlled study was conducted in 10 individuals with probable Alzheimer's disease to assess the effects of varying doses of Naltrexone (0, 25, 50 and 100 mg) on cognitive functioning and on plasma cortisol. Each individual participated in four separate sessions at least three days apart. Naltrexone was found to improve performance in only one of the six psychometric tasks employed (Token Test). However, enhancement of Token Test performance was limited to the 25 mg Naltrexone dose and was mainly the result of an improvement on the part of the two most severely impaired patients. In contrast to the previous reports of elevations of plasma cortisol following administration of opiate antagonists to younger, non-demented subjects, Naltrexone administration failed to produce any significant increase in plasma cortisol in Alzheimer's patients. PMID- 3903534 TI - [Surgical treatment of thoracic outlet syndrome]. PMID- 3903535 TI - [CT-controlled stereotactic operation of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage- 1. Theoretical principles and the operative procedures]. AB - In recent years, the CT-guided stereotactic operations have been applied to evacuation of intracerebral hematomas or cystic lesions, the biopsy of deep seated brain tumors, and brachytherapy of brain tumors. However, most of these operations utilized stereotactic guide-frame for determination of the coordinates of the target point. In this paper, an operative method for the stereotactic surgery using coordinate system of CT apparatus itself is presented as a novel method with the principles and the actual operative procedures. It may be called as "CT-controlled stereotactic operation" because the surgery should be performed under intraoperative use of CT scanning. The apparatus is composed with two parts: head holder and needle holder, which were reformed MATSUMOTO's stereotactic apparatus with a more wider separation of the two parts. The principles of the aiming of the target are as follows. Values of coordinates of the target point of Xt, Yt, and Zt will be obtained from the CT scan preoperatively. Zt is set to Zero, then values of coordinates of aiming needle are obtained in two points, N1 (X1, Y1, Z1) and N2 (X2, Y2, Z2). Value of coordinates of the X0 and Y0, namely falling points of the needle direction in the plane of XY, will be calculated with the values of X1, Y1, X2, Y2, Z1 and Z2 by a formula. Direction of the needle is corrected until the values of X0 and Y0 are equal to that of Xt and Yt before insertion of the needle.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3903536 TI - Evidence for participation of the neurohypophysial hormones in the hyperglucagonemic response to hemorrhage in the rat. AB - Conscious adult male rats bearing jugular cannulae were injected with either normal rabbit serum (NRS) or with serum containing antibodies to both oxytocin (OT) and arginine vasopressin (AVP). In the NRS-treated group, plasma levels of OT, AVP and immunoreactive glucagon (IRG) were significantly elevated 10 min after hemorrhage (2.3 ml/100 g body weight over 5 min) whereas hyperglucagonemia was not detected in the antiserum-treated group until 30 min posthemorrhage. In animals which were deprived of water during the experiment, plasma IRG in the antiserum-treated group reached only 40% of the levels in the NRS-treated controls. These results suggest that hemorrhage-induced elevations in circulating AVP and/or OT contribute to increased release of glucagon by the endocrine pancreas consistent with previous demonstration of glucagonotropic activity of synthetic neurohypophysial peptides. PMID- 3903537 TI - Altered catecholamine innervation of the supraoptic nucleus in the nephrogenic diabetes insipidus mouse. AB - Fluorescence histochemical and immunocytochemical techniques were used to investigate morphologic correlates of the relationship between catecholamine varicosities and vasopressin-containing perikarya in an animal model of vasopressin excess, the nephrogenic diabetes insipidus mouse. Our results show hypertrophy and increased immunoreactivity in vasopressin neurons in these mice were accompanied by a marked increase in the density and to some extent the fluorescence intensity of catecholamine varicosities within the supraoptic nucleus. These results further support the concept of functional interactions between catecholamine and vasopressin neurons and raise the possibility that the target neuron, or one of its products, perhaps vasopressin, either exerts a trophic influence on the catecholamine innervation pattern of the supraoptic nucleus or enhances catecholamine content in existing fibers and terminals. PMID- 3903538 TI - Reduction of central epinephrine concentrations is consistent with the continued occurrence of ovulation in rats treated with an inhibitor (LY 134046) of phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase. AB - Groups of 4-day cyclic rats were injected (i.p.) with LY 134046 (50 mg/kg), a central inhibitor of phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase, or saline at 09.00, 13.00 and 19.00 h on the day of proestrus. The incidence of ovulation was examined the following estrous morning. There was no difference in the number of ova in drug-treated animals compared to saline-treated controls. In other groups of 4-day cyclic rats, LY 134046 or saline was injected daily at 10.00 h for 5 consecutive days from proestrus to proestrus inclusive. The animals were decapitated the following day and ova were counted. Epinephrine concentrations were determined by radioenzymatic assay in the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) and the medial preoptic area (MPOA). All saline-treated controls and 10/14 of the drug-treated animals had ovulated, while epinephrine concentrations in the MBH and MPOA had been reduced by 95.8 and 94.7%, respectively, compared to saline treated controls. These experiments suggest that a significant surge of luteinizing hormone occurs to initiate ovulation even after a severe reduction in central epinephrine concentration has taken place. PMID- 3903539 TI - Isolation and characterization of an enkephalin-hydrolyzing dipeptidyl aminopeptidase from calf-brain striatum. AB - Cytosolic dipeptidyl-aminopeptidase with a high affinity for Leu-enkephalin (Km = 5-7 microM) was partially purified from the 25,000 g supernatant of calf-brain striatum. The procedure included pH 4.5 denaturation, DEAE-cellulose chromatography and Blue Sepharose CL-6B chromatography and resulted in preparations that are free from other enkephalin-hydrolyzing enzymes. This enzyme, which is called enkephalinase B, has a positively charged group in its active site and presumably also a Zn atom since the loss in activity induced by EDTA treatment can be restored without loss of substrate affinity by low concentrations of ZnSO4. PMID- 3903540 TI - Effects of renal denervation on renin release induced by intracerebroventricular administration of biological active peptides in conscious rats. AB - Experiments were performed to determine whether the renal nerve mediates the renin release induced by intracerebroventricular administration of angiotensin II (ANG II), bradykinin (BK), leucine-enkephalin (Leu-ENK) and neurotensin (NT). In sham-operated rats, both ANG II and NT suppressed plasma renin activity (PRA), BK did not affect PRA, and Leu-ENK increased PRA. Renal denervation abolished the increase in PRA by Leu-ENK. Suppression of PRA by ANG II was attenuated in denervated rats. Renal denervation did not influence the renin release by BK or NT. These results suggest that the renal nerve plays an important role in elevating PRA after central stimulation by Leu-ENK. Although suppression of PRA is mainly mediated by mechanisms other than the renal nerve, the renal nerve partially participates in suppression of PRA by ANG II. PMID- 3903541 TI - Acute inflammation and endothelial injury in vein grafts. AB - An experimental study of autogenous vein graft morphology 6 hours after arterial implantation was performed in dogs. The animals were divided into five groups. The first control group had veins harvested and stored but not implanted. The endothelium showed excellent preservation by routine histology and scanning electron microscopy. The second control group had grafts implanted and flow decreased to 30 to 50 ml/minute. There was a massive acute inflammatory response with subendothelial and transmural accumulation of neutrophils causing widespread endothelial sloughing. A third group had grafts implanted, but flow was not reduced (mean, 170 ml/minute). Although an inflammatory response was also present, it was much less severe than in the low flow grafts and the endothelium remained grossly intact. Two other groups had low flow grafts implanted, but were treated with either lidocaine or steroids. Lidocaine had no effect on the inflammatory response or endothelial injury. High doses of alpha methylprednisolone succinate almost completely prevented both endothelial loss and inflammatory infiltration. This study supports the premise that an acute inflammatory response can initiate endothelial injury after autogenous grafting, an effect that is much more prominent in low flow than high flow grafts. It also demonstrated that steroids can almost totally suppress the injury during the initial 6 hours after implantation. PMID- 3903542 TI - The cerebral venous system. AB - The authors discuss the gross and microscopic anatomy and the physiology of the cerebral venous system. Cerebral veins under pathological circumstances (hypercapnia, arterial hypertension, and increased intracranial pressure), pharmacological observations, the venous blood-brain barrier, and traumatic involvement are reviewed. Neoplastic involvement and radiological aspects are included. Surgical reconstruction of venous sinuses (including the Donaghy technique), tumor removal, sinus thrombectomy, and extraanatomical bypass of the transverse sinus are discussed. PMID- 3903543 TI - What's in a name: the Loyal Davis lecture. AB - The professional career of Loyal Davis, M.D., M.S., Ph.D., Professor of Surgery at Northwestern University Medical School from 1932 to 1963, Editor of Surgery, Gynecology & Obstetrics from 1938 to 1982, and President of the American College of Surgeons in 1962-1963, spanned 64 years. It was characterized by his fidelity to his mentors, his ideals, his institution, his organization, and his journal. The unusual name, Loyal, was well chosen by his parents; it was predictive of his behavior throughout a long and productive life. PMID- 3903544 TI - Doppler sonography in basilar artery occlusion. AB - We have investigated 6,972 patients with directional continuous-wave Doppler sonography within the last three and a half years, and have derived criteria for the sonographic diagnosis of basilar artery occlusion or tight stenosis in conjunction with 1,071 retrograde brachial angiograms. By sonographic patterns, we have suspected obstruction of the basilar artery or of both distal vertebral arteries in nine cases. Either bilateral sonographic silence or the absence of a diastolic flow component of the vertebral arteries served as criteria in the sonographic evaluation. Angiography of the vertebro-basilar system, performed in eight cases, showed near or complete occlusion in the distal vertebrals or in the proximal basilar artery. Degrees of stenosis less than an 80 percent reduction in lumen diameter could not be detected sonographically. Two further basilar artery occlusions were detected by means of angiography despite negative Doppler sonography: one of these patients showed an extensive collateral circulation between the posterior inferior and the superior cerebellar arteries, and one patient had an occlusion only of the middle and rostral thirds of the basilar artery, the proximal third and the anterior inferior cerebellar arteries being widely patent. Thus, we believe that directional CW Doppler sonography is very useful in the diagnosis of near or complete occlusion of both distal vertebral arteries or of the proximal basilar artery. PMID- 3903545 TI - A simple system for marking digital subtraction radiographs. AB - A simple technique is described for marking digital subtraction angiogram images which eliminates potential errors caused by variation of technique. PMID- 3903546 TI - Plasma exchange and prednisone in Guillain-Barre syndrome: a controlled randomized trial. AB - A controlled randomized trial of plasma exchange combined with prednisone was compared with supportive care alone in patients with Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS). There was no significant improvement in the treated group over the controls. The sample size, albeit small (12 treated and 13 controls), had the power (95% chance) to detect a change of 2 British Medical Research Council grades of strength between the groups. The difference in our results and others that indicated a beneficial effect of plasma exchange may reflect an adverse effect of prednisone on recovery in GBS. Failure to find a benefit of plasma exchange in our patients also raises the possibility that GBS may be a heterogeneous disorder with humoral factors playing a role in some but not all patients. PMID- 3903547 TI - [Intraparietal ascending internal inguinal hernia]. PMID- 3903548 TI - [Discriminative and prognostic validity of various findings in the diagnosis of cold nodules]. PMID- 3903549 TI - [Transcutaneous thin-needle aspiration biopsy in the diagnosis of abdominal masses. Our experience in 70 cases]. PMID- 3903550 TI - [Doppler ultrasound and strain gauge plethymography in the diagnosis of the post phlebitic syndrome]. AB - Certain non-invasive techniques like Doppler CW and strain gauge plethysmography are highly effective ways of evaluating the natural history of postphlebitic syndrome. 40 patients of both sexes, average age 51.5 +/- 6.9 with a history of deep venous thrombosis (28 documented phlebographically) were subjected to Doppler tests with assessment of venous blood pressure and bilateral strain gauge plethysmography. 34 of the 40 suspected PPS cases were confirmed, though not all cases were at the same stage. Persistent deep venous thrombosis was found in five of the extremities and the last one examined revealed a primary varicose syndrome. A comparison of the Doppler and phlebography results showed both to be highly sensitive techniques (100% accuracy). When the contralateral limbs were examined, the Doppler technique revealed 7 cases of PPS and 21 primary varices. In contrast strain gauge plethysmography identified all 28 cases of increased venous capacitance as primary varices, thus confirming the inability of this technique to distinguish between the various varicose conditions. Assuming the presence of a vascular diagnosis laboratory where both techniques are available, strain gauge plethysmography is recommended as the examination of choice. This technique is simple and fast to perform and can provide extensive information whether at rest (filling and emptying volumes and times; venous tone and distensibility, venous blood pressure at rest) or in movement (venous pressure when standing, muscular pumping index). Hence plethysmography can reveal any canalisation present even in the earliest stages though it cannot pinpoint the precise site of the deep obstruction. The longer, more complex Doppler CW procedure should be reserved for secondary investigations. This technique is preferable to plethysmography when a more accurate assessment of the degree, site and extension of the venous recanalisation is needed. Doppler CW also provides information on any valvar sequelae since it records the direction of the blood flow in the presence of a substitution syndrome (increased venous flow in the surface vessels). Finally if used in a rational manner the two techniques can be combined to eliminate contrast medium techniques, which would only be adopted as a preoperative measure. PMID- 3903551 TI - [Neutrophil leukemia. Review of the literature]. AB - Chronic neutrophilic leukemia is a rare form of myeloproliferative disorders, with only sixteen reports in literature. Neutrophilic leukocytosis, bone marrow myeloid hyperplasia, elevated leukocytic alkaline phosphatase and the absence of Ph1 are the most import features. In this paper all the cases previously described are reviewed and diagnostic criteria and therapeutic results are outlined. PMID- 3903552 TI - Comparison of a CEA-EIA assay based on monoclonal antibody with a CEA-RIA assay with polyclonal antiserum. AB - A monoclonal CEA-EIA assay is evaluated with respect to clinically pertinent data. Comparison is done with the conventional CEA-RIA assay (Roche). Good interlaboratory reproducibility was found, and the stability was very good over the one year evaluation period. The EIA assay could be performed in samples of serum and plasma with compatible results. The correlation between the EIA and RIA values was different in different diagnostic groups, with high correlation in colo-rectal cancer, and low in non-malignant diseases, in which the EIA assay had a lower frequency of CEA positive values. In colo-rectal cancer the RIA assay shows a 20% specificity improvement compared with the EIA assay. This was also reflected in better predictability for true positive and true negative cancer diagnosis in this group of patients as well as increased ability to discriminate between malignant and non-malignant diseases. In other groups of patients, like lung cancer and uterine cervical cancer, such improvement was not seen. The discrimination between malignant and non-malignant diseases was comparable to that of the RIA assay. In follow-up series the EIA and RIA assays detected recurrences and responses to treatment in a quite similar way. In most cases of recurrences from colo-rectal cancer, however, the EIA values increased faster and were a better indicator for recurrent disease than the RIA values. PMID- 3903553 TI - Number and distribution of putative cholinergic neurons in the cat retina. AB - The number and distribution of putative cholinergic amacrine cells in cat retina was demonstrated by immunocytochemical localization of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), the synthesizing enzyme for acetylcholine. In whole mount preparations of the cat retina ChAT-immunoreactive neurons were found in the inner nuclear layer (presumably amacrine cells) and in the ganglion cell layer (presumably displaced amacrine cells). The density of ChAT-labelled neurons increased from about 280 cells/mm2 in peripheral retina, to about 2750 cells/mm2 in the central area. There were always more ChAT-positive cells in the ganglion cell layer (50-70%) than in the amacrine cell layer. Two narrow dendritic strata were labelled in the inner plexiform layer. PMID- 3903554 TI - Differences of neuronal sensitivity to amino acids and related compounds in the rat hippocampal slice. AB - The perfusion of slices of rat hippocampus with solutions containing N-methyl-DL aspartic acid (NMA), kainic acid, ibotenic acid or quinolinic acid produced a reduction in the size of antidromically evoked population spikes in the CA1 pyramidal cells or dentate gyrus granule cells. The relative potencies of these compounds on CA1 cells compared with granule cells were kainate 3.65, quinolinate 3.46, NMA 2.19 and ibotenate 1.50. Since the former two compounds are known to show a degree of selective toxicity towards the CA1 cells, whereas NMA and ibotenate do not, these results are consistent with the excitotoxic hypothesis that excitation and neurotoxicity are related. PMID- 3903555 TI - Immunocytochemical studies on the localization of glucocorticoid receptor immunoreactive nerve cells in the lower brain stem and spinal cord of the male rat using a monoclonal antibody against rat liver glucocorticoid receptor. AB - By means of the indirect immunoperoxidase method glucocorticoid receptor (GR) immunoreactive nerve cells of the lower brain stem and the spinal cord have been mapped out in the rat, using a monoclonal antibody against rat liver GR. The GR immunoreactivity was predominantly located within the nuclei of these nerve cell bodies but also in glial cells of the gray and white matters. Strongly GR immunoreactive nerve cells were mainly found in the area of the noradrenaline, adrenaline and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) cell groups of the lower brain stem, and of the substantia gelatinosa of the nuc. tractus spinalis nervi trigemeni and spinal cord. The results suggest that glucocorticoids control transmitter and metabolic functions in discrete areas of the brain stem and spinal cord. PMID- 3903556 TI - Immunoreactivity of vasopressin and a novel pituitary protein '7B2' in Long-Evans and Brattleboro rat hypothalamus and hypophysis. AB - The unlabeled antibody (peroxidase-anti-peroxidase) method was used to simultaneously localize vasopressin and a novel pituitary protein designated '7B2' in rat hypothalamus and pituitary. Results showed the common localization of both substances within magnocellular neurons of supraoptic, supraoptic retrochiasmic and paraventricular nuclei. The distribution was also similar in the inner zone of the median eminence and in the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland. Only 7B2 antiserum labeled the external zone of the median eminence and the intermediate and anterior lobes of the pituitary. In the Brattleboro rat the anterior and intermediate lobes were strongly labeled with 7B2-IR and there was some 7B2-staining in the hypothalamus and the posterior lobe, but the intensity of the reaction was diminished. PMID- 3903557 TI - Synaptic contacts of ventral striatal cells in the olfactory tubercle of the rat: correlated light and electron microscopy of anterogradely transported Phaseolus vulgaris-leucoagglutinin. AB - Iontophoretic injections of the plant lectin Phaseolus vulgaris-leucoagglutinin (PHA-L) into the dense cell layer of the rat olfactory tubercle (OT) resulted in transport of the substance to the polymorph layer of the OT. Light microscopy revealed that the lectin was taken up in the superficial OT exclusively by medium sized neurons with spiny dendrites of which the majority extended into the molecular layer. PHA-L-immunoreactive elements were observed in the adjoining part of the polymorph layer in the form of filaments and puncta which the electron microscope revealed to be axons and boutons forming symmetrical synaptic contacts, almost exclusively with typical pallidal-type dendrite profiles. The results reinforce the concept that the medium-size cells of the dense cell layer of the OT represent the ventral-most part of the striatum. PMID- 3903558 TI - Glucagon-like immunoreactivity in mouse and rat retina. AB - Mouse and rat retinae were examined by the peroxidase-anti-peroxidase technique of immunocytochemistry using an antiserum against glucagon. The immunoreactivity was found in the cells of the ganglion cell layer and inner nuclear layer, including Muller cells. These observations may indicate that glucagon or a similar peptide is important in neuromodulation and/or metabolism of retinal cells. PMID- 3903559 TI - Insights from the past portray nurses of the future. PMID- 3903560 TI - Strategies for preventing coronary heart disease. PMID- 3903561 TI - Influence of eggs on plasma lipoproteins. PMID- 3903562 TI - Regulation of plasma cholesterol by compactin and mevinolin. PMID- 3903563 TI - Reduction of plasma lipids and lipoproteins by marine fish oils. PMID- 3903564 TI - Mortality from coronary heart disease is inversely related to fish consumption in The Netherlands. PMID- 3903565 TI - Heart-liver transplantation in a child with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. PMID- 3903566 TI - Nutrition classics. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Volume 71, 1974: Familial hypercholesterolemia: defective binding of lipoproteins to cultured fibroblasts associated with impaired regulation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity. By Michael S. Brown and Joseph L. Goldstein. PMID- 3903567 TI - Cyclosporine: preliminary experience in 79 patients with renal transplants. PMID- 3903568 TI - Increased survival time of renal allograft recipients. PMID- 3903569 TI - Medical education in New York City in 1866-1867. A student's notebook of Professor Charles A. Budd's lectures on obstetrics at New York University--Part II. PMID- 3903570 TI - Neonatal hydrops of the gallbladder. Evaluation by cholescintigraphy and ultrasonography. PMID- 3903571 TI - Utilisation of health services by diabetic persons. III: Audit of hospital admissions and bed occupancy. AB - The extent and patterns of use of hospital services by diabetic persons in New Zealand are not well documented. The usage of all four major Canterbury hospitals was prospectively studied for the 12 month period 1 January to 31 December 1983. There were 889 admissions by 689 diabetic persons who were either discharged from or died in hospital within the 12 month survey period (F = 373, M = 316). Ages ranged from three to 95 years mean 64.6 yr (SEM 0.7). One hundred and fifty-one patients were hospitalised more than once. At admission, 63.9% of patients were treated with diet or diet plus oral hypoglycaemic agents, 27.6% with insulin and 8.5% were newly diagnosed. The mean hospital stay was 20.1 (1.1 days), but the longest admission stays were by those over 65 years of age. Overall diabetic persons accounted for 4.8% of the total bed occupancy of the four hospitals. During 1983 14.8% percent of the 1200 insulin treated diabetic persons and 10.2% of the estimated 4000 non-insulin treated diabetic persons in the Canterbury Hospital Board area were hospitalised. Conditions associated with or a consequence of diabetes precipitated 57.5% of admissions. The potentially preventible disorders of glycaemic control and infection were factors in 25% and 26.9% of admissions respectively. These data show high risk of hospitalisation amongst diabetic individuals, particularly for those using insulin, but there is scope for prevention of admission or at least for reduction in duration of hospital stay. PMID- 3903572 TI - Pear shaped spacer nebuhaler compared with nebulised solution for terbutaline administration in acute severe asthma. AB - The efficacy of terbutaline (1 mg) administered from pressurised aerosol through a nebuhaler was compared in a crossover trial with terbutaline (4 mg) as nebulised solution in 20 patients with acute severe asthma. The improvements following the nebuhaler, which did not require an electrical or pressure source, were worthwhile. In contrast to earlier experience in stable asthma, the increases in FEV1 (p = 0.04) and VC (p = 0.05) at 20 minutes were greater following the higher dose as nebuliser solution than following nebuhaler use. Nebuhaler technique requires individual attention since some patients with the severe asthma breathed out through the nebuhaler reservoir due to failure to close the one-way valve. PMID- 3903573 TI - Bacterial food poisoning: annual review. Department of Health, Wellington. PMID- 3903574 TI - Some new problems with cyclosporin A? PMID- 3903575 TI - Transcendental meditation and infertility. PMID- 3903576 TI - Second pelvic malignancies following radiation therapy for cervical cancer. PMID- 3903577 TI - Hemolytic-uremic syndrome in pregnancy. Review of the literature and report of a case. PMID- 3903578 TI - Epidemiology of vomiting in early pregnancy. AB - Factors associated with early pregnancy vomiting were investigated in 9098 first trimester registrants in the Collaborative Perinatal Project. Vomiting in the absence of hyperemesis or gastroenteritis was noted in 56% of all women, and was more common among primigravidas (P = .002), younger women (P less than .001), women with less than 12 years of education (P less than .001), nonsmokers (P less than .001), and women weighing 77.1 kg (170 lb) or more (P = .003). Adjustment for confounders did not change these associations. Women reporting vomiting were less likely to experience miscarriage or stillbirth (P = .002) and delivery before 37 weeks' gestation (P = .004), but there was no difference in infant birth weight between mothers with and without vomiting (P = .48). Women who vomit in one pregnancy are more likely to vomit in subsequent pregnancies than are comparable women who did not vomit. PMID- 3903579 TI - Oral ritodrine and preterm premature rupture of membranes. AB - A prospective randomized study was performed to determine whether or not oral ritodrine therapy significantly prolonged the latent period in patients with prematurely ruptured membranes. Compared with a control group of similar patients, those treated had a significantly prolonged mean latent period. In addition, 47.6% of the treatment group versus 14.2% of the control group had a latent period of more than one week. PMID- 3903580 TI - Magnetic resonance imaging in human pregnancy. AB - Magnetic resonance imaging is a new noninvasive diagnostic technique that involves no ionizing radiation, has no known significant adverse biologic effects, and produces high resolution cross-sectional body images. When compared with sonography and x-ray computed axial tomography, magnetic resonance imaging may have several advantages. To investigate its clinical role in obstetrics, magnetic resonance imaging was used to examine 11 women with abnormal pregnancies. Prior ultrasound examination showed abnormal appearing fetuses in five, abnormalities of the amnionic fluid volume in five, and one each with a large adnexal mass and a molar pregnancy. Examples of images obtained from these women are presented and described. Maternal anatomy was well visualized in all women studied. Based on the preliminary experience, the authors believe that magnetic resonance imaging will be a useful adjunct for diagnostic visualization of normal and abnormal maternal anatomy. Detailed fetal imaging was also possible, and it is anticipated that magnetic resonance imaging will prove useful for fetal evaluation, especially fetal intracranial anatomy and fetal anatomy in pregnancies complicated by oligohydramnios. Because fetal subcutaneous fat is prominently depicted with magnetic resonance imaging, this technology may be useful for assessment of fetal nutritional status. PMID- 3903581 TI - Clonidine hydrochloride--a safe and effective antihypertensive agent in pregnancy. AB - A prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled trial was carried out, comparing alpha-methyldopa and clonidine hydrochloride in 100 pregnant women with hypertension. There was no difference in hypotensive effect or reported maternal side effects with either agent. There was one neonatal loss in each group (98% survival). Neither drug caused clinically significant hypotension nor rebound hypertension in the neonates. Clonidine hydrochloride, like methyldopa, appears to be a safe antihypertensive agent in pregnancy. PMID- 3903582 TI - Diagnosis and management of fetal teratomas. AB - Teratomas are the most common neoplasms in newborns. It is now possible to detect these lesions with ultrasound before birth. Presented are six teratomas in a variety of locations diagnosed in utero (three sacrococcygeal, two oral cavity, and one intracranial). As these lesions are usually benign and often curable, the authors believe an aggressive, combined obstetric, pediatric, and surgical approach is warranted. PMID- 3903583 TI - Foreign body granulomas in normal ovaries. AB - In 100 consecutive cases in which grossly normal ovaries were removed at the time of pelvic surgery, 9% were found to contain crystalline foreign particles. An additional 9% contained cortical granulomas. In four of six cases, computer assisted x-ray analysis of the crystalline foreign particles was successful and revealed magnesium and silicon. PMID- 3903584 TI - Subrenal capsule assay as a predictor of clinical response of ovarian cancer to chemotherapy: Part II. AB - The value of the subrenal capsule assay in predicting the response of advanced ovarian cancer to combination chemotherapy was studied prospectively. The population consisted of 24 patients with advanced or recurrent disease. Using a three-grade interpretation of drug response in the assay (sensitive, intermediately sensitive, and resistant), an over-all predictive accuracy of 79% was achieved. All objective clinical responses and acquired drug resistance could be predicted by the assay. It was concluded that the assay is a promising method for predicting response of patients with ovarian cancer to chemotherapy. PMID- 3903585 TI - Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in endocervical specimens using direct immunofluorescence. AB - A monoclonal antibody specific for Chlamydia trachomatis (Syva MicroTrak) was used to stain endocervical smears from three groups of women. When compared with results from tissue culture, direct specimen results showed 100% (15 of 15) sensitivity and 95% (164 of 172) specificity. The eight specimens with MicroTrak positive/culture-negative results were probably true positives. Because the direct specimen test method takes less than an hour to complete, is easy to read with a fluorescence microscope, and is much less expensive than culture methods, it could become the rapid screening tool that is urgently needed in young, sexually active women. PMID- 3903586 TI - Sonographically guided extraction of a submucous myoma. AB - Under ultrasonographic guidance, a 5-cm, symptomatic submucous myoma was removed from the uterus during a second-trimester pregnancy termination. The procedure was rapid and well tolerated and suggests that intraoperative sonography may provide a transvaginal alternative to laparotomy in the treatment of submucous myomata. PMID- 3903587 TI - [Bonding strength of palladium alloy used in porcelain fusing]. PMID- 3903588 TI - [Clinical evaluation of air polishing systems]. PMID- 3903589 TI - [The effect of surface roughness of castings on the bonding strength of polycarboxylate cement]. PMID- 3903590 TI - [The preparation of guide planes--1. Surface roughness of guide planes prepared with a super fine diamond point]. PMID- 3903591 TI - Closed chamber iris suture for intraocular lens fixation. AB - A simplified method for placing a secondary closed chamber iris suture is described. The technique may be used for fixation of a dislocated intraocular lens or for repairing iris defects. PMID- 3903592 TI - Genetic and ultrasound study of abnormalities of the optic nerve head. AB - The authors, after reviewing the literature, particularly the classification of optic nerve-head abnormalities, describe several clinical cases dealing especially with the notable diagnostic possibilities of ultrasound examination. PMID- 3903593 TI - Intraocular lens calculation in combined penetrating keratoplasty, cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation. AB - We retrospectively studied 53 consecutive triple procedures (combined penetrating keratoplasty, cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation) performed at the Bascom Palmer Eye Institute from January 1980 through August 1983. Most patients had at rest six months of follow-up. The final postoperative refractive error was compared to the predicted refractive error using the preoperative axial length and the estimated keratometry readings. The deviation from the predicted refractive error was correlated with the source of preoperative keratometry readings, the degree of donor oversize, and the donor age. We found that using keratometry readings from the operated eye resulted in more accurate intraocular lens calculations than using estimated keratometry readings not obtained from either eye (P less than .05). PMID- 3903594 TI - Relaxing incisions. Corneal topography. AB - The topography of circumferential corneal relaxing incisions in eye bank eyes was studied using the corneascope. Significant flattening in the meridian perpendicular to the corneal relaxing incision was found with steepening 90 degrees away in a ratio of two diopters of flattening to one diopter of steepening. This study demonstrates the range of change in corneal astigmatism from 0.58 D for a single one clock hour incision to 5.93 D for a unilateral three clock hour incision. This is compared to symmetrical relaxing incisions placed 180 degrees apart which produce 0.78 D of astigmatic change for one clock hour incisions, and 13.97 D of change for symmetrical three clock hour incisions. The larger shifts in corneal power were also associated with a small degree of central corneal flattening or decreased corneal power. PMID- 3903595 TI - Dermal-fat graft as a primary enucleation technique. AB - A retrospective study of 36 dermal-fat grafts was undertaken to determine the indications as a primary enucleation implant material. Twenty-two patients or 61% required a reoperation in a three-year follow-up period. Sixty-seven percent required secondary prosthetic revision. We do not recommend dermal-fat grafting for routine enucleation due to high reoperation rate and prosthetic revisions. PMID- 3903596 TI - Digital subtraction carotid angiography and retinal artery obstruction. PMID- 3903597 TI - Monoclonal antibodies against squamous cell carcinoma. AB - We report on a monoclonal antibody reactive with squamous carcinoma cell lines and with frozen sections from squamous cell carcinomas of the oral cavity but not with frozen sections of normal squamous epithelium of the oral cavity, esophagus, and skin. In addition, we identified other monoclonal antibodies with restricted specificity as reflected by their binding to a panel of established tumor cell lines. Subsequent testing of these monoclonal antibodies against a panel of normal and tumor tissue sections revealed two types of reactivity patterns: binding to normal tissue and binding to normal and tumor tissue. PMID- 3903598 TI - Oral mucositis in patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation. AB - Thirty patients who received bone marrow transplantation treatment from HLA identical sibling donors for immunologic and malignant diseases were studied. In essentially all of the patients oral changes developed during the first 30 days following transplant. Oral symptoms frequently constituted the major complaints of the patients during the follow-up period. The oral changes included mucositis, xerostomia, pain, and bleeding. Mucositis was more severe and of longer duration when associated with herpes simplex infections and when optimal oral hygiene was not maintained. Xerostomia which accompanies engraftment was an early sign of acute graft-versus-host disease. A nonbrushing method of oral hygiene was effective in reducing the severity and duration of mucositis. This technique offers a short-term alternative to brushing in pancytopenic patients who are susceptible to bleeding or trauma. PMID- 3903599 TI - Oral condition of patients with leukemia and severe aplastic anemia. Follow-up 1 year after bone marrow transplantation. AB - Twenty patients with leukemia and seven patients with severe aplastic anemia who had been treated with bone marrow transplantation were investigated 1 year after transplantation to assess their oral condition. Ten patients had mild clinical chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), and three patients had moderate or severe GVHD. Histopathologic changes in the oral mucosa or the minor salivary glands were observed in nineteen patients. Clinical changes in the oral mucosa were observed in sixteen of those patients. Colonization with Candida albicans was more frequent in patients with advanced histopathologic changes in oral mucosa. The numbers of Streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli and the whole salivary flow rate were not correlated to high or low caries incidence. Whole salivary flow rate were not correlated to GVHD but rather, to conditioning with total body irradiation (p less than 0.05). PMID- 3903600 TI - Limited Wegener's granulomatosis. Report of a case with oral, renal, and skin involvement. AB - Limited Wegener's granulomatosis is a form of the disease in which only one or two organ systems are involved. A rare case is reported in which the initial symptoms were in the skin and the lip, complicated by skin lesions exhibiting features of a clinical variant of lupus erythematosus. PMID- 3903601 TI - Comparison of dental xeroradiography and conventional film techniques for the frequency and significance of image artifacts. AB - The frequency of occurrence and the classification of image artifacts were determined during a large-scale clinical dental radiographic study in which two conventional film techniques and xeroradiography were used. The resultant 1,220 radiographic images were evaluated for the presence of image artifacts. A list of commonly occurring artifacts was compiled, and frequency tables were constructed. Xeroradiography showed more image artifacts and also a higher retake rate due to artifacts (17.4% for individual images and 4.3% when images were evaluated as part of a complete-mouth survey). Many of the artifacts observed for xeroradiography were related to incomplete operator training and unfamiliarity with specialized imaging techniques. PMID- 3903602 TI - Fat embolism and osteonecrosis. AB - Clinical and experimental data accumulated within the past 2 decades explain the relationship between fat embolism and osteonecrosis, which now appears to be more causal than coincidental. Evidence for fatty liver, coalescence of endogenous plasma lipoproteins, and/or disruption of depot or marrow fat, all resulting in continuous or intermittent fat embolism, is related to 13 different clinical conditions associated with osteonecrosis, most recently including pregnancy, carbon tetrachloride poisoning, and possibly Legg-Calve-Perthes disease. Intraosseous fat embolism, then, appears to trigger a three-phase thrombotic process of focal intravascular coagulation that results in osteonecrosis. PMID- 3903603 TI - The importance of increased intraosseous pressure in the development of osteonecrosis of the femoral head: implications for treatment. AB - Early diagnosis of osteonecrosis by radiograph, bone scan, CT scan, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), intraosseous pressure measurement, or intraosseous venogram can lead to early successful treatment. For early (Ficat stages I and II) osteonecrosis of the hip, core decompression can provide diagnostic confirmation and pain relief and may prevent progression of disease. For more advanced disease (Ficat stages II and IV), osteotomy, endoprosthetic or bipolar prosthetic replacement, total hip arthroplasty, and arthrodesis are surgical options. PMID- 3903604 TI - Accumulative cell stress: the multifactorial etiology of idiopathic osteonecrosis. AB - Most cases of idiopathic osteonecrosis are caused by many factors and rarely by an instantaneous, sudden, or solitary phenomenon. The cells in bony tissues become progressively sick or ill and therefore stressed. Depending on the condition, the cell sickness may intensify as the underlying disease progresses or as other factors are added that further decompensate the cells to the point at which they can no longer maintain cellular equilibrium. In many diseases, the final stress that overwhelms the cell is a course of corticosteroid therapy that could cause necrosis by several mechanisms, including increased stores of marrow fat, fat embolization, intraosseous hypertension, and a direct cellular toxic effect (see Fig. 3). The reasons why bone cells within the femoral head and condyles, humeral head, and certain other anatomic locations are especially susceptible remain obscure. However, in each of these sites, the blood supply enters from one direction only, and this relative ischemia could limit the reparative abilities of the cells. PMID- 3903605 TI - Osteochondral allografts in the treatment of osteonecrosis of the knee. AB - In summary, patients with spontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee requiring surgery were elderly and generally had late stage IV disease. They seemed to do better with osteotomy and debridement than with osteochondral allograft replacement because they could not tolerate restricted weight bearing. Patients with steroid induced osteonecrosis did well initially after allograft replacement (6 to 18 months), especially in experiencing pain relief. However, because of the continuous use of high doses of steroids, revascularization of the allografts was poor, resulting in graft subsidence. Patients have better long-term results following osteotomy and debridement. Patients with traumatic osteonecrosis and osteochondritis dissecans had the best results following osteochondral allograft replacements. In conclusion, based on our series and others, our current surgical approach in the management of osteonecrosis of the knee is as follows: 1. In patients with spontaneous osteonecrosis with asymptomatic small lesions, nonsurgical treatment is recommended. For an asymptomatic or symptomatic large lesion with associated angular deformity, the active patient should have a tibial osteotomy for stages I and II and tibial osteotomy and debridement for stages III and IV. Less active patients with symptomatic stage III or IV disease should have unicompartmental or total knee prosthetic arthroplasty. 2. For steroid-induced osteonecrosis, osteochondral allografts are not recommended. If the patient's systemic disease has a limited prognosis, or if the patient has multijoint involvement, total knee or unicompartmental arthroplasty is warranted. If the patient has a good prognosis and is active, debridement with or without realignment should be performed. 3. For traumatic osteonecrosis in the younger patient or for osteochondritis dissecans, fresh osteochondral allograft replacement is recommended. High tibial osteotomy in combination with allograft replacement should also be done if there is associated malalignment. The realignment should be done prior to or simultaneously with the allograft (providing the osteotomy is done on the side of the joint opposite the allograft). PMID- 3903607 TI - [Centenary of the first nation-wide Public Health Congress]. PMID- 3903606 TI - A possible energetic role of mineral surfaces in chemical evolution. AB - The postulated roles of clays and other minerals in chemical evolution and the origin of life are reconsidered in terms of the interaction of these minerals with penetrating sources of energy such as ionizing radiation and mechanical stress. This interaction, including such facets as excitation, degradation, storage, and transfer, is considered here with regard to its profound potential for altering the capabilities of minerals to serve both as substrates for prebiological chemistry and as inorganic prototypic life forms. The interaction of minerals and energy in relationship to surface chemistry is discussed in terms of the spectroscopic properties of minerals, the interaction of energy with condensed phases, some commonly accepted concepts of heterogeneous catalysis in the absence of electronic energy inputs, and some commonly accepted and novel means by which surface activity might be enhanced in the presence of energy inputs. An estimation is made of the potential contribution of two poorly characterized prebiotic energy sources, natural radioactive decay and triboelectric energy. These estimates place a conservative lower limit on their prebiotic abundance. Also some special properties of these energy sources, relative to solar energy, are pointed out which might give them particular suitability for driving reactions occurring under geological conditions. Skeletal support for this broadly defined framework of demonstrated and potential relationships between minerals, electronic excitation, and surface reactivity, as applied to chemical evolution, is provided from the results of our studies on 1/1 clays. We have discovered and partially characterized a number of novel luminescent properties of these clays, that indicate energy storage and transfer processes in clays. These luminescent properties are interpreted in relationship to the electron spin resonance phenomena, to provide a basis for estimating the potential significance of energy storage and transduction in monitoring or driving clay surface chemistry. Consideration of the electronic structure of abundant minerals in terms of band theory and localized defect centers provides a predictive theoretical framework from which to rationalize the capacity of these materials to store and transduce energy. The bulk crystal is seen as a collecting antenna for electronic energy, with the defect centers serving as storage sites. The clay properties produced by isomorphic substitution appear to be intimately associated with all of the life-mimetic chemical processes that have been attributed to clays.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3903608 TI - [Laszlo Nemeth, the physician (on the 10th anniversary of his death)]. PMID- 3903609 TI - [In the spirit of the revolution]. PMID- 3903610 TI - [Accessory spleen simulating abdominal tumor]. PMID- 3903611 TI - [The role of Istvan Ratz (1860-1917) and parasitology in the history of public health science in Hungary]. PMID- 3903612 TI - [Fate of the Hungarian psychoanalysts during the nazi era]. PMID- 3903613 TI - Pain relief by antidepressants: possible modes of action. AB - There is evidence that both tricyclic antidepressants and monoamine oxidase inhibitors can relieve chronic pain. There are a number of possible mechanisms for this phenomenon, recent studies suggest that this may be due to an analgesic rather than antidepressant effect. PMID- 3903614 TI - Resources in oncology. PMID- 3903615 TI - Bone banking: its role in skeletal tumor reconstruction. PMID- 3903616 TI - The management of hypercholesterolemia: how, rather than whether. Report on the changing view from the United States. PMID- 3903617 TI - [Reliability of measurements of maximal static respiratory pressure]. AB - The variability and reproducibility of maximal static respiratory pressure measurements was evaluated in 22 healthy subjects and 17 patients with chronic respiratory disease. The difference between consecutive measurements represented 4 to 8 per cent of the result in healthy subjects and 10 to 11 per cent in patients. The difference between the first and the second measurement was not significant and the two values were highly correlated. At 1 to 3 days interval, the results may differ by 10 to 15 per cent in healthy subjects and 20 to 22 per cent in patients. These differences tend to be greater for expiratory (as compared to inspiratory) pressures and for females (as compared to males). A preliminary assessment of the variability and reproducibility of maximal respiratory pressures is compulsory for a valid interpretation of their change in clinical studies. PMID- 3903618 TI - [Protein profile and immunoelectrophoresis of cerebrospinal fluid in neurology. Results and etiologies apropos of 430 tests]. AB - The study of 430 cerebrospinal fluids resulting from a neurological department showed 67 pathological medical cases according to following tests: intrathecal IgG synthesis and/or restricted heterogeneity with immuno-electrophoresis. We established a biological classification to approach the different etiologies. This classification was used for multiple sclerosis for which various strictly clinical classifications are not always able to diagnose the illness, as we show it for one of them. PMID- 3903619 TI - [Demonstration of lipoprotein anomalies in leptospirosis. Prospective study in 10 patients]. AB - Abnormalities of lipid metabolism have never been shown in human leptospirosis. A prospective study of plasma lipids was performed in 10 consecutive patients with leptospirosis. Significant increase of triglycerides with low levels of the high density lipoproteins and cholesterol fraction was observed in 8 patients. Electrophoresis of lipoproteins showed a fusion of beta and pre-beta lipoproteins and a marked decrease of alpha lipoproteins. The respective role of bacteria, liver and kidney could be suggested to explain these abnormalities of lipoproteins in leptospirosis. PMID- 3903620 TI - [Carbenicillin resistance of gram-negative bacteria: incidence, biochemical and genetic determinism]. AB - Of nine hundred ampicillin resistant (Amp-R) enterobacteria strains, isolated in hospital between July and December 1981, 73,7% are also carbenicillin-resistant (Carb-R). This particular double resistance varies depending upon the species considered: indole positive Proteus (23%), Enterobacter cloacae (64%), Citrobacter freundii (67%), Acinetobacter calcoaceticus (73%), Proteus mirabilis (75%), Serratia marcescens (90%), Escherichia coli (91%), Providencia stuartii (96%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (100%). The biochemical and genetic basis of resistance to beta-lactamines was studied in 27 strains belonging to these 9 species. A constitutive beta-lactamase was found in all the strains. These enzymes were identified by determination of the isoelectric point on crude sonic extracts, the enzymic activity profile, the inhibition by clavulanic acid and cloxacillin of enzyme activity. Two types of enzymes were predominant: TEM-1 (20 strains) and TEM-2 (7 strains); two strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae produced both SHV-1 and TEM-1. The transfer by conjugation to E. coli K12 of ampicillin and carbenicillin resistance was obtained with 14 strains: (E. coli: 9, C. freundii: 1, K. pneumoniae: 1, E. cloacae: 2, P. stuartii: 1). In all strains but one E. coli we noted the co-transfer of other antibiotic resistance markers. PMID- 3903621 TI - [Sensitivity to cephalosporins of coagulase-negative methicillin-resistant staphylococci. In vitro studies by different methods]. AB - The activity of five cephalosporins has been studied with 80 coagulase-negative methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus strains (SCN meti-R) isolated from hospitalized patients. It has been evaluated in vitro under different conditions, in liquid as well as solid media. Results show that in all cases cefamandole has the highest activity on SCN meti-R. Thus cefamandole is quite effective for the prophylaxis of Staphylococcal infections. Furthermore the association of cefamandole with other antibiotics should be tested as an alternative to vancomycin for the treatment of SCN meti-R severe infections. PMID- 3903622 TI - [A tricuspid electrophoretic pattern: familial bisalbuminemia with monoclonal immunoglobulin]. AB - An association of a familial bisalbuminemia and a benign M component (IgG Kappa) in a healthy woman is described. Any connection between the two abnormalities is unlikely. However this rare association should be known for a better understanding of the striking features of its electrophoretic pattern. PMID- 3903623 TI - [Serology of Mediterranean boutonneuse fever. Kinetics of antibodies detected by 3 methods: indirect immunofluorescence, indirect hemagglutination and latex agglutination]. AB - The purpose of this work was to determine the kinetics of antibodies in mediterranean spotted fever as determined by three serologic methods: indirect fluorescent antibody test, latex agglutination test and indirect hemagglutination test. No difference was noticed in the early kinetics but after 6 months, the latex agglutination test and the indirect hemagglutination test did not detect antibodies but the indirect fluorescent antibody test was still positive. This reaction is convenient for seroepidemiologic studies. PMID- 3903624 TI - [In vitro activity of Septivon-Lavril toward mycoplasma pathogenic to humans]. AB - Septivon-Lavril is bactericidal in vitro towards species of mycoplasmas responsible for vaginal infections and their complications (U. urealyticum and M. hominis) and for the Stevens-Johnson syndrome (M. pneumoniae). As the active doses are inferior to those recommended for external use, this product, Trichlorocarbanilide, presents a clinical interest. PMID- 3903625 TI - [General mechanisms of coagulation and their physiological inhibition. I. General mechanisms of blood coagulation]. AB - Blood coagulation results from a sequence of enzymatic reactions, which involve 12 plasma proteins (coagulation factors), platelets, a tissue lipoprotein (tissue factor), vascular components and calcium ions. These reactions are induced by vascular lesions, and are promoted by blood contact with sub-endothelial structures and by the release of tissue factor into the circulation; they result in the formation of an hemostatic plug constituted of platelets and fibrin. The enzymatic reactions consist of proteolytic reactions, in which zymogens are converted to proteinases. These reactions are accelerated by both proteins proteins interactions and by proteins-membrane surface (vascular wall, platelets) interactions, responsible for the amplification of the activation process, and its localization at the site of injury. The coagulation process is regulated by positive and negative feed-backs and by physiological inhibitors. PMID- 3903626 TI - [Value of spiral automatic plating in quantitative bacteriology]. AB - The Spiral plate count method, semi-automated plating technique, presents some advantages: saving of time and materials, fast and easy counting. This method appears well adapted for studies of microbial ecology. PMID- 3903627 TI - [Value of the detection of myoglobin by immunoagglutination in myocardial infarction]. AB - The abnormally elevated quantity of myoglobin present in the plasma of 11 patients suffering of myocardial infarction was demonstrated by a rapid immunoagglutination slide-test. The results of this qualitative test were compared to the myoglobin concentrations measured by radioimmunology. Although the immunoagglutination test is less sensitive than the myoglobin assay, it proved to be very specific. Its rapidity of use, its reliability shown on 121 plasma specimens collected during the myocardial infarction evolution in the patients under study, will enable the clinician to use advantageously the very rapid myoglobinemia taking place in the first hours of infarction. Indeed, we have shown in agreement with the literature that the rise of myoglobin during the first hours of infarction occurs at a much earlier stage than does the increase of creatine kinase activity which was equally assayed during this work. PMID- 3903628 TI - [Insulin receptor interaction with the plasma membranes of liver and muscle cells in a generalized infection in rats]. PMID- 3903629 TI - [Kupffer cells and liver pathology]. PMID- 3903630 TI - [The antisurfactant system of the lungs]. PMID- 3903631 TI - Modern management of thalassemia. PMID- 3903632 TI - Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in children. PMID- 3903633 TI - Problems in diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia. AB - Iron deficiency is the most common nutritional deficiency in children and is widespread in childhood populations throughout the world. Although many sophisticated tests have been devised for the diagnosis of iron deficiency the most reliable criterion of iron deficiency anemia is the hemoglobin response to an adequate therapeutic trial of iron. Following the reticulocytosis peak hemoglobin rises at an average of 0.25 to 0.4 g/dl/day and hematocrit at a rate of 1% per day. If the response to iron falls short of this response other causes of the anemia should be sought by detailed hematologic investigation. In addition to making a diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia it is incumbent on the physician to demonstrate its cause. PMID- 3903634 TI - Marrow transplantation in pediatric hematologic disorders. PMID- 3903635 TI - Drawings: critical communications for sexually abused children. PMID- 3903636 TI - Calculation of mean airway pressure during neonatal intermittent positive pressure ventilation and high frequency positive pressure ventilation. AB - Because mean airway pressure (MAP) is extensively used to quantify ventilation administered during the neonatal period, the accuracy and reproducibility of the techniques currently used to define MAP were assessed. All techniques were found to compare closely with MAP measured by integration of the pressure wave form even at ventilator rates in excess of 100 breaths per minute. It was therefore concluded that all methods currently used are satisfactory for clinical use. PMID- 3903638 TI - Hemorrhage and cyst development in the cavum septi pellucidi and cavum Vergae. Report of three cases. AB - Three newborn preterm infants are reported in whom sonography and CT showed abnormalities of the cavum septi pellucidi and cavum Vergae. Hemorrhage into the cavum was noted in two and an acquired cyst developed in the third. These lesions are rare and appear to be of little clinical significance in the three reported infants. All three had associated intraventricular hemorrhage. PMID- 3903637 TI - Oxygen radicals and pulmonary damage. PMID- 3903639 TI - Intussusception: indications for ultrasonography and an explanation of the doughnut and pseudokidney signs. AB - Ultrasonography has been shown to be valuable in the detection of intussusception, but a question arises, as to just when this study should be performed. Should it be a general screening procedure or should it be utilized for specific cases only? Upon reviewing the literature, and the findings in 14 of our patients, we feel that it should be utilized as a general screening procedure. In addition, we offer a different explanation for the typical doughnut and pseudokidney signs seen with intussusception. PMID- 3903640 TI - Percutaneous fine needle biopsy in pediatrics. AB - We performed 25 percutaneous fine needle biopsies (PFNB) on pediatric patients during a 3-year period. Of 17 patients with proven malignancies, PFNB was true positive in 16 and false negative in one. In nine patients with benign or inflammatory disorders, there were three true positives and six false negatives. There were no complications either from PFNB or larger caliber core biopsies, which were also performed in selected cases. All procedures were performed with ultrasound and/or fluoroscopic guidance. General anesthesia was not required, except in cases where PFNB was performed together with a surgical procedure. PFNB is as accurate and safe in pediatric patients as in adults. It should be considered prior to any open surgical procedure performed for biopsy alone. PMID- 3903641 TI - Abdominal aortic aneurysm in a premature neonate with disseminated candidiasis: ultrasound and angiography. AB - When using ultrasound for detection of kidney enlargement, we found an acute abdominal aortic aneurysm secondary to aortitis following umbilical artery catheterisation in a premature neonate with systemic candidiasis. Aortography was performed to provide vascular details such as involvement of celiac, renal, iliac and femoral arteries. PMID- 3903642 TI - Abstracts of the 28th annual meeting of the Society for Pediatric Radiology. Boston, Massachusetts, 18-21 April 1985. PMID- 3903644 TI - Effect of metoclopramide and bethanechol on gastric emptying in infants. AB - In a double-blind, placebo controlled study of 10 infants with upper gastrointestinal motor disorders, metoclopramide (1 mg/kg, intravenous) but not bethanechol (0.075 mg/kg, subcutaneous), significantly increased the fractional rate of gastric emptying following a 5% glucose meal. Infants were tested on 3 consecutive days with a phenol red dye-dilution technique which, if combined with acid titration of gastric samples, permits simultaneous measurements of gastric volume, fractional emptying rate, fluid output, and acid output. Metoclopramide increased the fractional emptying rate in eight of 10 infants (mean +/- SE increasing from 4.6 +/- 0.6 to 7.3 +/- 1.0%/min, p less than 0.02). Neither drug altered gastric acid secretion, but metoclopramide significantly increased gastric fluid output (mean +/- SE increased from 3.5 +/- 0.6 to 6.5 +/- 1.4 ml/min, p less than 0.02). No undesirable side effects or complications occurred during testing. We conclude that trials are warranted to assess the clinical efficacy of metoclopramide in infants with nonobstructive causes of delayed gastric emptying. PMID- 3903643 TI - Thiamine response in maple syrup urine disease. AB - We measured the biochemical response for four patients with maple syrup disease to pharmacologic doses of thiamine, and correlated their response to their branched chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase activity. We observed a linear correlation between the concentrations of each plasma branched-chain amino acid and its corresponding ketoacid analogue. In addition, the renal tubular reabsorption of branched-chain amino and ketoacids was nearly complete within these physiologic concentrations. Three children responded to thiamine therapy with a reduction in concentration of plasma and urinary branched-chain amino and ketoacids. Each responder had at least 5% activity for branched chain alpha ketoacid dehydrogenase in their mononuclear blood cells and in whole cell fibroblasts from cultured skin when compared to the activity in normal control cells. We propose that each child with maple syrup urine disease be assessed for their response to thiamine by quantifying the concentration of branched-chain amino acids in plasma before and after vitamin supplementation. PMID- 3903645 TI - Effects of aldosterone on urinary kallikrein and sodium excretion during fetal life. AB - The present study was designed to investigate the effect of acute (2 h) and chronic aldosterone (4 days) infusion on urinary kallikrein excretion rate and on renal handling of Na+ and K+ in chronically catheterized fetal lambs less than 115 days gestation (n = 6) and greater than 125 days gestation (n = 7). Chronic aldosterone infusion decreased plasma renin activity in both groups of fetuses. Both acute and chronic aldosterone infusion produced significant decreases in UNa + V in fetuses greater than 125 days and in the majority of fetuses less than 115 days gestation (five of six). Aldosterone infusion did not increase K+ excretion in either group of fetuses. It is also demonstrated that chronic aldosterone infusion induced an increase in urinary kallikrein excretion rate in both groups of fetuses. Taken together, these results demonstrate that aldosterone has antinatriuretic but no kaliuretic effects during fetal life, but produces a rise in urinary kallikrein excretion rate during the last trimester of gestation in fetal lambs. PMID- 3903646 TI - Prevention of perinatal acquisition of hepatitis B virus carriage using vaccine: preliminary report of a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled and comparative trial. AB - Hepatitis B is a serious disease of global significance. In developing countries, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and its sequelae rank among the public health problems of highest priority. Infants born to mothers who are chronic carriers of HBV are at particularly high risk of acquiring infection and becoming chronic HBV carriers. The efficacy of hepatitis B vaccine alone in preventing the transmission of HBV to infants born to HBV carrier mothers was determined in a double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Infants received plasma-derived vaccine at birth, 1 month, and 6 months of age. Of 180 infants born to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive mothers, equal numbers received National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease (NIAID) vaccine, Beijing Institute of Vaccine and Serum (BIVS) vaccine, and placebo. The cumulative seroconversion to the vaccines at 1 year of age was 95% and 75%, respectively. Vaccine efficacy as measured by the prevention of HBsAg-positive events was 88% for the NIAID vaccine and 51% for the BIVS vaccine. Vaccine efficacy was similar among infants born to hepatitis Be antigen-positive mothers. Because of the low efficacy of the BIVS vaccine, an additional group of 28 infants was given vaccine and hepatitis B immune globulin at birth. The resulting efficacy was 83%. The results of this trial indicate that hepatitis B vaccine alone can substantially reduce perinatally acquired HBV infection and the resulting chronic carrier state. PMID- 3903647 TI - Oral trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole for prevention of bacterial infection during the induction phase of cancer chemotherapy in children. AB - We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the efficacy of oral trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) in the prevention of bacterial infections in children with cancer. Sixty-three patients with acute leukemia were studied during the induction phase of chemotherapy; 28 patients with solid tumors who were starting intensive chemotherapy were also enrolled and treated for 2 months. There was no significant difference in the frequency of febrile episodes between the 43 children receiving trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and the 48 receiving placebo. However, when the group of 74 children who experienced granulocytopenia (absolute granulocyte count less than 500/microL) was analyzed separately, significant reductions in the frequencies of confirmed bacteremia (2.6% v 20.0%, P = .02) and febrile episodes (35.9% v 65.7%, P = .01) were observed in the trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole group. Furthermore, life table analysis showed that children with leukemia receiving trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole had significantly more days without fever and without bacteremia. No benefits from prophylaxis were recognized in the subgroup with solid tumors. Although the frequency of oral thrush was greater (P = .02) in the trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole group (25.6%) than in the placebo group (6.3%), invasive fungal infection did not occur. Although the mean duration of granulocytopenia was greater among those receiving trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (13.7 v 9.0 days, P = .05), this did not appear to increase the overall risk for bacterial infection. These data suggest that trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole reduces the frequency of bacteremia and febrile episodes in granulocytopenic children undergoing induction chemotherapy for acute leukemia. PMID- 3903648 TI - Fiftieth anniversaries are special. PMID- 3903649 TI - Extracorporeal circulation in neonatal respiratory failure: a prospective randomized study. PMID- 3903650 TI - Comparison of the action of prostaglandin with endotoxin on thermoregulatory response thresholds. AB - Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from E. coli were injected into the lateral cerebral ventricle of rabbits at 30 degrees C ambient temperature. The threshold core temperatures for ear cutaneous vasoconstriction (Thv) and shivering (Thsh) were determined by whole-body cooling with an intestinal thermode. Each threshold, as determined at the plateau phase of LPS fever and PGE2 hyperthermia respectively, were compared with the control values before LPS and PGE2 injection. Thsh was not changed by the injection of LPS, while Thv was increased. After PGE2 injection both Thsh and Thv were increased in comparison to their control levels. These changes paralleled the elevation of core temperature. The present study does not exclude prostaglandins as humoral mediators involved in some of the central processes generating fever, but suggest at the same time that there are additional properties of LPS fever for which prostaglandins do not account. PMID- 3903651 TI - Effect of reduced chloride reabsorption on renin release in the isolated rat kidney. AB - To investigate the relationship between tubular reabsorption of chloride and renal renin release in the isolated perfused rat kidney, perfusate renin activity was measured during substitution of either nitrate or thiocyanate for varying amounts of perfusate chloride but with maintained perfusate sodium concentration. Renin rose significantly as perfusate chloride fell; there was a sevenfold increase between perfusion with normal chloride and almost complete substitution of chloride by nitrate. With a normal perfusate chloride the addition of furosemide 10(-4) M to the perfusate also led to an increase in renin and a reduction in tubule chloride reabsorption. For all these experiments there was a significant negative correlation between renin and absolute tubular reabsorption of chloride (r = -0.68, P less than 0.001), but no such relationship with absolute sodium reabsorption. Renin release in a nonfiltering kidney, produced by elevating perfusate albumin concentration, increased approximately 40-fold. Thus increasing plasma oncotic pressure elevates renin by mechanisms additional to cessation of tubular chloride absorption. However, substitution of chloride in the perfusate by nitrate in this nonfiltering kidney did not further elevate renin release. We conclude that renin release is influenced by a signal dependent on, and inversely proportional to, chloride reabsorption in the thick ascending limb of the Loop of Henle. PMID- 3903652 TI - Alterations of excitation-contraction coupling by platelet-derived growth factor in enzymatically isolated and cultured vascular smooth muscle cells. AB - We studied stimulus-specific alterations of the excitation-contraction coupling pathway in freshly isolated contractile and subcultured non-contractile vascular smooth muscle cells. Using the calcium indicator aequorin, we detected physiological increases in cytoplasmic free calcium [( Ca2+]i) in subcultured smooth muscle cells subjected to angiotensin or 33 mM potassium depolarization. These increases were qualitatively identical to those previously measured in intact vascular strips. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) induced a slow, sustained [Ca2+]i increase when applied to the subcultured smooth muscle cells at low picomolar concentrations. Freshly isolated, contractile vascular smooth muscle cells, prepared by a novel technique, exhibited a slow shortening of 20% of resting length in response to PDGF. PDGF also markedly potentiated smooth muscle cell shortening in response to an ED50 dose of phenylephrine. This effect was PDGF concentration dependent. The time course of shortening induced by PDGF alone was consistent with the time course of the PDGF-induced [Ca2+]i increase in the cultured smooth muscle cells. These data suggest that agonists which induce [Ca2+]i changes in contractile smooth muscle cells may retain this ability with respect to cultured smooth muscle cells. PDGF, a peptide mitogen for proliferative smooth muscle cells, may also serve to modulate vascular tone by modestly raising [Ca2+]i in contractile smooth muscle cell and, therefore, sensitizing the cells to alpha adrenergic agonists. PMID- 3903654 TI - State-approved schools of nursing R.N. 1985. PMID- 3903653 TI - Baroreflex sympathetic activation increases threshold pressure for the pressure dependent renin release in conscious dogs. AB - Stimulus-response curves relating renal-venous-arterial plasma renin activity difference (P.R.A.-difference) to mean renal artery pressure (R.A.P.) were studied in seven chronically instrumented conscious foxhounds with a daily sodium intake of 6.1 mmol/kg. R.A.P. was reduced in steps and maintained constant for 5 min using an inflatable renal artery cuff and a pressure control system. The stimulus-response curve obtained during control conditions (C) or during common carotid artery occlusion (C.C.O.) could be approximated by two linear sections: a rather flat section or plateau-level of P.R.A.-difference at normal blood pressure or above, and a very steep section between a distinct threshold pressure and 65-70 mm Hg. While the parameters of the curves varied from dog to dog, the curves kept their unique shape in the individual dog for at least 1 week. C.C.O. had no effect on the plateau-level of the P.R.A.-difference (C:0.98 +/- 0.14, C.C.O:0.99 +/- 0.14 ng AI . ml-1 . h-1) and on the slope of the curve below threshold pressure (C:-0.379 +/- 0.041, C.C.O:-0.416 +/- 0.082 ng AI . ml-1 . h-1 . mm Hg-1) but shifted the stimulus-response curve to the right and increased threshold pressure (C:92.7 +/- 2.8, C.C.O:109.7 +/- 4.1 mm Hg; P less than 0.05). Renal blood flow, which was measured simultaneously in three of the dogs, showed good autoregulation down to 70 mm Hg under resting conditions and was not affected by C.C.O. except for a 30% reduction of renal blood flow at the lowest pressure step (70 mm Hg).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3903655 TI - A field trial evaluating the use of cefoperazone in the treatment of bovine clinical mastitis. AB - A field trial was designed to investigate the efficacy of a single intramammary infusion of cefoperazone in the treatment of clinical bovine mastitis. 110 cases of naturally occurring mastitis were treated and the clinical and bacteriological cure rates at day 14 after treatment were recorded. PMID- 3903656 TI - Single stranded DNA binding proteins derive from hnRNP proteins by proteolysis in mammalian cells. AB - As we have previously demonstrated, mammalian single stranded DNA binding proteins (ssDBP) and heterogeneous nuclear RNA binding proteins (hnRNP proteins) are antigenically and structurally related. In this paper we show that ssDBP are specific proteolytic products of hnRNP core proteins. Proteolysis can be observed in crude extract, both total and nuclear and is not inhibited by the most commonly used protease inhibitors. Such phenomenon can be observed in HeLa cells, human fibroblasts and calf thymus extracts. A trypsin-like protease that cleaves purified hnRNP proteins to give ssDBP of Mr = 24-28 Kd can be purified from HeLa cells. A precursor-product relationship can be established between hnRNP core proteins type A and an ssDBP of 24 Kd (UP1). PMID- 3903657 TI - Knotting of DNA molecules isolated from deletion mutants of intact bacteriophage P4. AB - DNA molecules isolated from tailless phage particles (capsids) of bacteriophage P4 virl del10 are known to be knotted. We have found by electron microscopy that 80% of DNA molecules isolated from intact phage particles of P4 virl del10 also contained knots. This observation indicates that the predominant form of P4 virl del10 DNA within the intact phage particle is either knotted or in a configuration that permits knotting upon isolation. In comparison to P4 virl del10 (deleted 1000 basepairs), DNA molecules isolated from intact P4 virl del2 (deleted 650 basepairs) and P4 virl (non-deleted) contained 50% and 15% knots respectively, showing an association of decreased size of deletion of DNA with a decreased fraction of knotted genomes. PMID- 3903658 TI - Sequence and analysis of the gene for bacteriophage T3 RNA polymerase. AB - The RNA polymerases encoded by bacteriophages T3 and T7 have similar structures, but exhibit nearly exclusive template specificities. We have determined the nucleotide sequence of the region of T3 DNA that encodes the T3 RNA polymerase (the gene 1.0 region), and have compared this sequence with the corresponding region of T7 DNA. The predicted amino acid sequence of the T3 RNA polymerase exhibits very few changes when compared to the T7 enzyme (82% of the residues are identical). Significant differences appear to cluster in three distinct regions in the amino-terminal half of the protein. Analysis of the data from both enzymes suggests features that may be important for polymerase function. In particular, a region that differs between the T3 and T7 enzymes exhibits significant homology to the bi-helical domain that is common to many sequence-specific DNA binding proteins. The region that flanks the structural gene contains a number of regulatory elements including: a promoter for the E. coli RNA polymerase, a potential processing site for RNase III and a promoter for the T3 polymerase. The promoter for the T3 RNA polymerase is located only 12 base pairs distal to the stop codon for the structural gene. PMID- 3903659 TI - Evidence that E. coli ribosomal protein S13 has two separable functional domains involved in 16S RNA recognition and protein S19 binding. AB - We have found that E. coli ribosomal protein S13 recognizes multiple sites on 16S RNA. However, when protein S19 is included with a mixture of proteins S4, S7, S8, S16/S17 and S20, the S13 binds to the complex with measurably greater strength and with a stoichiometry of 1.5 copies per particle. This suggests that the protein may have two functional domains. We have tested this idea by cleaving the protein into two polypeptides. It was found that one of the fragments, composed of amino acid residues 84-117, retained the capacity to bind 16S RNA at multiple sites. Protein S19 had no affect on the strength or stoichiometry of the binding of this fragment. These data suggest that S13 has a C-terminal domain primarily responsible for RNA recognition and possibly that the N-terminal region is important for association with protein S19. PMID- 3903661 TI - Stereospecific removal of methyl phosphotriesters from DNA by an Escherichia coli ada+ extract. AB - The ada+ gene product, a DNA methyltransferase present in extracts from an Escherichia coli strain constitutive for the adaptive response, removes only half of the methyl phosphotriesters from alkylated DNA. Since DNA phosphotriesters occur in two isomeric configurations (denoted Rp and Sp), we examined whether this reflects a stereospecific mode of repair by the methyltransferase. Analysis by reverse-phase HPLC, phosphorus NMR and circular dichroism established that only triesters in the Sp configuration are acted upon by the E. coli extract. PMID- 3903660 TI - Human apolipoprotein B: identification of cDNA clones and characterization of mRNA. AB - Apolipoprotein B (apoB) is a major protein component of low density and very low density lipoproteins. Because of its large size and heterogeneity, molecular studies of apoB have been difficult, and its structure and regulation remain poorly understood. We now report the identification of human apoB cDNA clones by antibody screening of hepatoma libraries in the expression vector lambda gt11. Both oligo(dT) primed and random primed libraries were constructed and screened with polyclonal antibodies to intact apoB, as well as with antibodies raised against a synthetic peptide based on the limited amino acid sequence available for apoB. The identity of the clones was unambiguously established by comparisons of the cloned cDNA sequences with apoB amino acid sequences. The clones hybridize to an exceptionally large 20 kb mRNA that is present in liver and intestine but not other tissues examined, consistent with the distribution expected from protein biosynthetic studies. The properties of the mRNA have implications for the biogenesis of the multiple apoB molecular weight forms secreted by liver and intestine. PMID- 3903662 TI - Evidence for the translational attenuation model: ribosome-binding studies and structural analysis with an in vitro run-off transcript of ermC. AB - Several features of the translational attenuation model of ermC regulation were tested. This model predicts two possible secondary structures for the leader of the ermC transcript and requires that the leader contains two Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequences. The ribosome binding site for a leader peptide (SD1) is predicted to be accessible, whereas that for the rRNA methylase protein that confers erythromycin (Em) resistance (SD2) is sequestered by base pairing. The model suggests that in the presence of inducer (Em), a ribosome stalls while translating the peptide, altering the mRNA conformation, thereby exposing SD2. The results of our ribosome binding studies demonstrate that SD1 is exposed and binds to ribosomes, whereas SD2 is unavailable. Also, the secondary structure of the 5' region of the ermC transcript was analyzed using methidium propyl-EDTA.Fe (II), T1 nuclease, and nucleases from cobra venom and mung bean sprouts as structure probes. Our results support the previously proposed model for folding of ermC mRNA, and demonstrate that SD1 is single-stranded, while SD2 and its neighboring sequences are largely base paired, consistent with the ribosome binding results. PMID- 3903663 TI - Reactions of the UVRABC excision nuclease with DNA damaged by diamminedichloroplatinum(II). AB - Mutants of Escherichia coli, which are blocked in excision repair (uvrA6, uvrB5, or uvrC34) are exceptionally sensitive to the antitumor drug cis-Pt(II)(NH3)2Cl2 (cis-DDP) but not the trans isomer. Plasmid DNA, damaged by either the cis or trans compound and treated with the UVRABC excision nuclease was cut as shown by conversion of supercoiled DNA to relaxed forms. All three protein products of the uvrA, uvrB, and uvrC genes were required for incision. End-labeled fragments damaged with cis-DDP and reacted with the UVRABC nuclease were cut at the 8th phosphodiester bond 5' and at the 4th phosphodiester bond 3' to adjacent GG's. DNA treated with trans-DDP was not cut appreciably at adjacent GG's by the repair enzyme as subsequent analysis of reaction products after enzyme digestion gave a pattern similar to those obtained with control untreated fragments. The results indicate that the UVRABC nuclease may promote cell survival by the removal of adjacent GG's which are crosslinked by cis-Pt(II)(NH3)2Cl2. PMID- 3903664 TI - The catabolite activator protein stabilizes its binding site in the E. coli lactose promoter. AB - The effect of catabolite activator protein, CAP, on the thermal stability of DNA was examined. Site specific binding was studied with a 62 bp DNA restriction fragment containing the primary CAP site of the E. coli lactose (lac) promoter. A 144 bp DNA containing the lac promoter region and a 234 bp DNA from the pBR322 plasmid provided other DNA sites. Thermal denaturation of protein-DNA complexes was carried out in a low ionic strength solvent with 40% dimethyl sulfoxide, DMSO. In this solvent free DNA denatured below the denaturation temperature of CAP. The temperature stability of CAP for site specific binding was monitored using an acrylamide gel electrophoresis assay. Results show that both specific and non-specific CAP binding stabilize duplex DNA. Site specific binding to the 62 bp DNA produced a 13.3 degrees C increase in the transition under conditions where non-specific binding stabilized this DNA by 2-3 degrees C. PMID- 3903665 TI - Bravery and devotion to duty (Ethel Garrett). PMID- 3903666 TI - Nursing in the Third World. Aid begins at home. PMID- 3903667 TI - Computer-aided nursing diagnosis for community health nurses. AB - The computer program described in this article was primarily designed to be an aid in the clinical reasoning process. It is intended to simplify the use of nursing diagnoses in the practice of community health nursing. However, in its present form, this program has value not only for the clinician, but also for nursing students being taught structured techniques for assessment. A more comprehensive approach to nursing care and the routine use of nursing diagnoses in providing that care will be encouraged. This article questions the necessity for community health nurses to use computers in their diagnostic role. In answering this question, evidence has been presented that both describes some of the benefits of using computer technology as it relates to nursing diagnoses, and the results of efforts by nurses who have experimented with this technology in trying to improve their practice. One of the advantages of trying to merge a new technology with a relatively new role for community health nurses is the absence of tradition. There is no traditional methodology or approach for integrating the two. And, there is no one to say that it cannot be done. An approach can be tried, changed if it does not work, and tried again. An opportunity to create a new dimension for professional practice is offered. The answer, therefore, to the opening question is, "Yes--community health nurses should be concerned with using computers in their diagnostic role." PMID- 3903668 TI - Computer applications in nursing continuing education. AB - Until recently, computers have been synonymous with mysterious, large mainframes requiring the services of computer wizards such as programmers and system analysts. The evolution of microcomputers and the availability of commercial (off the shelf) software programs has changed this concept and has put computer capabilities and benefits within the reach of any continuing education administrator. Implementing an automated information system demands the knowledge of the administrative process, an understanding of computer devices and the software that makes them work, and training skills, particularly those related to change theory. Armed with this knowledge, one can convert a manual information system to an electronic system using a fairly inexpensive microcomputer, commercial software programs, and existing personnel. PMID- 3903669 TI - Techniques of networking in the computer world. AB - Networks can play an important role for nurses in user-to-user communication because they can be used both within and outside the health care delivery system. The choices include an information exchange, which can be an effective strategy for sharing personal concerns, problems, and achievements about the computer; commercial data bases with their vast sources of information and research data; or local area networks, effective in an office or campus setting. All of these networks can put worlds of information and services just a few words or keyboard strokes away, because they offer, outside of your own computer, a whole new dimension of retrieval, storage, reference, and communication capabilities. These networks can significantly enhance computing potential by providing an overall expansion of information. PMID- 3903670 TI - Developing educational software for publisher vendors. AB - This article has provided the principles of CAI development, marketing strategies, information on getting started with CAI, and how to approach publisher vendors. Guidelines for software development proposals have been synthesized from major software publishers in nursing. There is a great demand for courseware that teaches critical thinking skills, problem solving, application, and analysis. Tutorials and simulations are much needed. Computer assisted testing courseware will also be highly used by teachers at all levels in the future. Opportunity awaits the CAI author in the publishing arena! PMID- 3903671 TI - Computer literacy in nursing education. An overview. AB - Nursing educators are beginning to realize that computer literacy has become a survival skill for the profession. They understand that literacy must be at a level that assures the ability to manage and control the flood of available information and provides an openness and awareness of future technologic possibilities. The computer has been on college campuses for a number of years, used primarily for record storage and retrieval. However, early on a few nurse educators saw the potential for its use as a practice tool. Out of this foresight came both formal and nonformal educational offerings. The evolution of formal coursework in computer literacy has moved from learning about the computer to learning with the computer. Today the use of the computer is expanding geometrically as microcomputers become common. Graduate students and faculty use them for literature searches and data analysis. Undergraduates are routinely using computer-assisted instruction. Coursework in computer technology is fast becoming a given for nursing students and computer competency a requisite for faculty. However, inculcating computer competency in faculty and student repertoires is not an easy task. There are problems related to motivation, resources, and control. Territorial disputes between schools and colleges must be arbitrated. The interface with practice must be addressed. The paucity of adequate software is a real concern. But the potential is enormous, probably restricted only by human creativity. The possibilities for teaching and learning are profound, especially if geographical constraints can be effaced and scarce resources can be shared at minimal cost. Extremely sophisticated research designs and evaluation methodologies can be used routinely.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3903672 TI - Interactive computer experience. The missing ingredient. AB - Interactive computer experiences are an integral component of a computer literacy course. Examples of computer exercises are provided for faculty to adapt for computer literacy courses for nurses. PMID- 3903673 TI - Executed in the cause of duty (Edith Cavell). PMID- 3903674 TI - Intermittent positive pressure ventilation. PMID- 3903675 TI - Survey of graduate programs in cancer nursing. PMID- 3903676 TI - Aortic and mitral regurgitation in an infant with Kawasaki disease. AB - A fatal case of Kawasaki disease with extensive cardiac involvement in an 11-week old boy is described. Two-dimensional echocardiography revealed enlargement of the left ventricle, left atrium, and aortic root as well as dilatation of the left main coronary artery. Cardiac catheterization revealed both aortic and mitral regurgitation and fusiform dilatation of the proximal segments of the coronary arteries. The clinical course was characterized by multisystem failure and death on day 31 of the illness. Aortic regurgitation is a very rare complication of Kawasaki disease and has been previously reported in one Japanese infant. The pathogenesis of aortic regurgitation in this disease is not known but may be due to aortitis and/or valvulitis. Kawasaki disease should be included as a cause of aortic regurgitation in infants. PMID- 3903677 TI - PUVA combination therapy. AB - Various adjunctive treatments are now frequently used in combination with PUVA therapy with the aims of limiting adverse effects, improving efficacy and decreasing the cost of treatment. In the management of psoriasis, PUVA plus retinoids, PUVA plus methotrexate and PUVA plus UVB phototherapy are the most frequently used combinations. PUVA plus topical corticosteroids and PUVA plus anthralin are also efficacious but adverse effects and poor acceptance by patients are limiting factors. Combinations of PUVA plus nitrogen mustard and ionizing radiation are used in mycosis fungoides to treat tumors and residual disease in secluded sites. In the management of photodermatoses with PUVA therapy, prednisone is often required to prevent exacerbation of disease. A combination of prednisone and PUVA therapy can also be useful in lichen planus and atopic eczema. The selection of a suitable combination treatment, will depend upon the preferences of the clinician, the disease being treated, and the characteristics of the patient. PMID- 3903678 TI - UV-light therapies in atopic dermatitis. AB - 106 patients from Northern Norway were given phototherapy for atopic dermatitis with ultraviolet B (UVB) (group B) or in combination with ultraviolet A (UVA), designated UVAB (group AB). Of the 52 patients in group B, 44 (84%) were cured after 23 treatments whereas 51 (94%) of the 54 patients in group AB were cured after 18 treatments. This difference is statistically significant (P less than 0.01). Of the remaining 11 patients, 6 in group B and 2 in group AB improved, and only 2 in group B and 1 in group AB were unaffected, by this treatment. In group B, 30 of the 44 healed patients had relapsed 3 months after the 1st treatment, compared to 27 of 51 patients in group AB. 3 months after a 2nd treatment, 36 (69%) of the patients in group B were still in remission compared to 51 (94%) in group AB. No side-effects were observed. The results indicate that, in the area of Norway where even the summer sunlight is scarce, UVAB and, to some extent UVB light are effective treatments for atopic dermatitis. PMID- 3903679 TI - Bioavailability study of two different 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) preparations in patients receiving PUVA therapy. AB - A bioavailability study was performed with a pill containing microcrystalline 8 MOP and a soft gelatine capsule containing dissolved 8-MOP in 35 patients receiving PUVA treatment. Peak plasma levels were almost doubled after ingestion of the capsule preparation in comparison with those recorded from the pill takers. The pharmaceutical formulation of 8-MOP preparations is of decisive importance for the bioavailability of the drug. Variations in degree of absorption from different 8-MOP preparations and the existence of a metabolic first-pass effect probably explain the great inter-patient variability in therapeutic response. It is therefore advisable to individualize the dose of 8 MOP, primarily in slow responders, with the aim of obtaining a faster clearance but also to reduce the amount of UVA light involved. PMID- 3903680 TI - [Comparison of the results of oral cholecystography and ultrasonography of the gallbladder]. PMID- 3903681 TI - [Ultrasonographic, histopathological and quantimetric studies in fatty liver]. PMID- 3903682 TI - [Ultrasonic diagnosis of focal lesions of the hepatic parenchyma]. PMID- 3903683 TI - [Ultrasonic diagnosis of cancer of the gallbladder]. PMID- 3903684 TI - [Value of ultrasonic examination for detection of biliary calculi]. PMID- 3903685 TI - [Percutaneous fine-needle biopsy of abdominal organs controlled by ultrasonics]. PMID- 3903686 TI - [Ultrasonic diagnosis of suppurative conditions]. PMID- 3903687 TI - [Use of ultrasonics and isotope methods in the diagnosis of kidney diseases and liver neoplasms. Preliminary evaluation]. PMID- 3903688 TI - [Value of transurethral ultrasonography in the diagnosis of bladder neoplasms and in the evaluation of the degree of bladder wall infiltration (T) compared with clinical examination, transrectal and transabdominal ultrasonography and computerized tomography]. PMID- 3903689 TI - [Analysis of ultrasonic signs in pancreatic cancer]. PMID- 3903690 TI - [Ultrasonographic examination of the prostate by the intrarectal route]. PMID- 3903691 TI - [Ultrasonic mammography]. PMID- 3903692 TI - [Propafenone in the treatment of arrhythmia]. PMID- 3903693 TI - [Hypothermia and cardioplegia in extracorporeal circulation: personal experience]. PMID- 3903694 TI - [Advances in the laboratory diagnosis of disorders of hemostasis]. PMID- 3903695 TI - [Use of molsidomine in patients with coronary disease]. PMID- 3903696 TI - [Myocardial infarction and resuming professional work]. PMID- 3903697 TI - [Ultrasonics and percutaneous cholangiography in the diagnosis of pathomechanisms of obstructive jaundice]. PMID- 3903698 TI - [Substitute estrogen treatment of women after the menopause from the internist's viewpoint]. PMID- 3903699 TI - [Molecular basis of the cellular effect of insulin: pathophysiological and clinical aspects]. PMID- 3903700 TI - [A case of recurrent ascites after a kidney transplantation in a patient treated by repeated peritoneal dialysis]. PMID- 3903702 TI - Physical principles of Doppler ultrasound. Measuring movement with sound. PMID- 3903701 TI - Characterization of the specificity by immunohistology of a monoclonal antibody to a novel epithelial antigen of ovarian carcinomas. AB - An immunohistological study, using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method, was carried out to define the reactivity profile of a murine monoclonal antibody, MOv2, which recognizes a novel glycoprotidic antigen associated with ovarian epithelial tumors. Among the primary ovarian tumors tested, MOv2 immunostained 93% of mucinous and 75% of serous cystadenomas, 100% of mucinous, 81% of serous and 73% of endometrioid carcinomas. Undifferentiated and clear cell tumors revealed more limited reactivity with the antibody, whereas ovarian sex cord stromal and germinal tumors were immunonegative. Positive reactions were also documented in omental metastases from primary ovarian carcinomas. No immunoreactivity was detected in normal ovarian epithelium, whereas the cells lining Walthard's nests adjacent to the fallopian tubes and a variety of normal epithelia were consistently immunolabeled. These included the lining epithelia of the gastrointestinal tract, bronchi and endocervix, and the epithelium of salivary, biliary and pancreatic ducts and sweat glands. To a lesser extent, positive reactions were detected in other surface epithelia, such as squamous and transitional epithelia. Among tumors other than ovarian, MOv2 consistently reacted with adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas from different sites, most notably breast, lung and gastrointestinal tract, and with transitional cell carcinomas. In contrast, no staining was demonstrated in non-epithelial malignancies. The antigen defined by MOv2 may be operationally useful as a marker of epithelial lineage in tumor histopathology. Its pattern of immunohistochemical distribution indicates that an antigenic phenotype shared by normal surface epithelia and non-ovarian carcinomas is strongly associated with common epithelial neoplasms of the ovaries. PMID- 3903703 TI - Ultrasound in cerebral and peripheral vascular disease. Clinical applications. PMID- 3903704 TI - Doppler ultrasound in noninvasive cardiac evaluation. The growing range of applications. AB - Ultrasound is of proven clinical utility for imaging cardiac structures. Doppler ultrasonic techniques can be used with or without echocardiography for noninvasive hemodynamic studies. The usefulness of Doppler ultrasonic techniques in the noninvasive laboratory has been shown recently at the Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. In 61 of 100 consecutive patients in a prospective study, Doppler ultrasound provided clinical information that could not be obtained with echocardiographic studies alone. The advantages of this technique for noninvasive cardiac studies are now being recognized in the general medical community. The results of ongoing clinical investigations will help define the role of Doppler echocardiography as a clinically useful diagnostic tool for cardiac evaluation. PMID- 3903705 TI - Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of the thyroid. Superior diagnostic tool. AB - Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of thyroid nodules is an easily performed office procedure that has the highest sensitivity and specificity and the lowest cost of all evaluation methods. Interpretation requires an experienced cytologist or endocrinologist, or both. Patient acceptance has been high. With use of fine needle aspiration biopsy, many unnecessary operations have been avoided. PMID- 3903706 TI - Cardiac transplantation. Where do we stand? PMID- 3903707 TI - Vitamin C and cancer. How convincing a connection? AB - More research is needed to draw definitive conclusions on the relationship between vitamin C intake and cancer, but the following general statements can be made. The effectiveness of megadoses (greater than 1 gm/day) of vitamin C for the cure or prevention of cancer is still unproven; in fact, the safety of megadoses is still in question. Therefore, they are not recommended for the general public at present and, if used at all, should be used under medical supervision. Epidemiologic evidence suggests that vitamin C-rich foods may be beneficial in preventing cancer, and their consumption should be encouraged as a measure to reduce the incidence of cancer. Well-controlled studies should be undertaken to elucidate the relationship between vitamin C and cancer, using both vitamin containing foods and vitamin C supplements at different intake levels. PMID- 3903708 TI - Overlap syndromes with sarcoidosis. PMID- 3903710 TI - 1925--annus mirabilis. PMID- 3903709 TI - A comparison of diltiazem and atenolol in angina. AB - Diltiazem was compared to atenolol in a double-blind trial involving 78 patients suffering from coronary heart disease. Following a 2 week control period, patients were randomly allocated to 6 weeks treatment with one or the other drug. The patients themselves made daily records of anginal attacks, trinitrate requirements, well-being and exercise tolerance. With both drugs there were highly significant reductions in the anginal attack rate and trinitrate requirements, and significant improvement on the other measures. However, there were no significant between drug differences. The incidence of side effects with diltiazem was very low and no patient had to omit treatment for this reason, although three patients did so on atenolol. PMID- 3903711 TI - The Postgraduate Medical Journal--a retrospective view. PMID- 3903712 TI - Postgraduate medicine and personalities--1925. PMID- 3903713 TI - Advertising medicines sixty years ago. PMID- 3903714 TI - The evolution of postgraduate medical education. PMID- 3903716 TI - Pyrexia of unknown origin sixty years on. PMID- 3903715 TI - Medical aspects of gallstones--1985: sixty years on. PMID- 3903717 TI - Urinary infections in children 1985. PMID- 3903718 TI - Urinary infections in adults--1985. PMID- 3903719 TI - Propofol ('Diprivan') pharmacokinetics and metabolism--an overview. PMID- 3903720 TI - Some studies on the properties of the intravenous anaesthetic, propofol ('Diprivan')--a review. AB - Four studies have been carried out on propofol in this department, one being part of a multicentre trial. The minimum induction dose in unpremedicated patients was found to be 2.5 mg/kg. Propofol has been shown to be an acceptable induction agent, although with an incidence of pain on injection which is much higher when small veins are used. When given by continuous infusion to supplement regional anaesthesia, recovery was much more rapid than with methohexitone. The potency of propofol to thiopentone has been shown to be 1:1.604. Slight falls in cardiac output occurred following propofol 2.5 mg/kg, with significant reductions in mean arterial blood pressure and systemic vascular resistance. These changes were greater than those following an equipotent dose of thiopentone 4 mg/kg. PMID- 3903721 TI - [Prosthodontic management of anterior teeth with special reference to esthetic effect. Discussion and case presentation]. PMID- 3903722 TI - [In search of a more stable partial denture, with special reference to the changes in denture retention devices in the past 14 years]. PMID- 3903723 TI - [How to take impressions of the lower jaw]. PMID- 3903724 TI - Historical perspective: Clara Louise Maass. PMID- 3903725 TI - The information avalanche: can the general practitioner survive? PMID- 3903726 TI - [Shortcomings of complete dentures. I]. PMID- 3903727 TI - [Damage to the oral mucosa during conservative treatment with Evicrol]. PMID- 3903728 TI - [Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) of the pulmonary arteries in the differential diagnosis of round atelectases]. PMID- 3903729 TI - [Severe complications following topical inhalation anesthesia with 10% lidocaine for bronchoscopies with local anesthesia]. PMID- 3903731 TI - Transplacental arteriovenous gradients for glucose, insulin, glucagon and placental lactogen during normoglycaemia in human pregnancy at term. AB - The potential contributions of placental extraction and degradation to glucoregulatory hormone turnover in late pregnancy were assessed by measuring arteriovenous differences for glucose, insulin, glucagon and human placental lactogen (hPL) across the uterine and fetal circulation in ten pregnant women at the time of elective caesarean section. The observations were made during stable conditions of euglycaemia; values for maternal arterial glucose, insulin, glucagon and hPL were 78.8 +/- 5.0 mg/dl, 10.1 +/- 2.1 microU/ml, 72.0 +/- 8.5 pg/ml and 5.18 +/- 0.59 micrograms/ml, respectively. The glucose decrements observed consistently across the uterus and fetus indicated uptake by the placenta and fetus, and in the maternal circulation the arterial-uterine vein increment for hPL was 2.10 +/- 0.44 micrograms/ml. However, within the limits of analytical accuracy, no significant gradient could be demonstrated for insulin across the uterine (maternal) or umbilical (fetal) circulations. A small (8.5 per cent) but significant arteriovenous difference for glucagon was observed across the uterus but none was found on the fetal side of the placenta. The findings indicate that detectable gradients for insulin cannot be demonstrated under basal conditions of metabolism and at normal rates of placental blood flow. The results do not exclude the possibility of more significant extraction ratios under other physiological conditions or at higher concentrations of glucoregulatory hormones. PMID- 3903730 TI - Placental pathology in congenital rubella. AB - Two groups of placentae from 18 cases of maternal rubella were examined morphologically and virologically. Placentae in Group I (four cases) had a mean gestational age of 21 +/- 1.9 weeks, whilst those in Group 2 (14 cases) had a mean gestational age of 38 +/- 2.8 weeks. A tendency to hypoplasia was observed. The microscopic lesions were similar to those found in other viral infections but in each group some specific features were noted. Only placentae of Group I showed nodules of villi agglutinated by fibrin. This lesion suggested recent maternal infection. Attention is drawn to the presence of abnormal areas of lobular rarefaction due to dysmaturity of villous stem and terminal villi. This aspect was more diffuse and accentuated in Group 2 placentae. Villitis of reactive, necrotic, proliferative and reparative types was seen only in placentae of Group 2. Devastating villitis was not observed. Inclusions in placental cells suggested rubella infection. The lesions were non-specific and hence stress the need for virological examination of the placenta, immunofluorescence studies and electron microscopy to confirm the diagnosis. PMID- 3903732 TI - WHO European Collaborative Trial of multifactorial prevention of coronary heart disease. AB - Results are reported from a trial of multifactorial prevention of coronary heart disease (CHD) in occupational groups, involving randomization of 66 factories to intervention and control (49,781 men ages 40 to 59) in the United Kingdom, Belgium, Italy, and Poland. Net average reductions in the intervention factors were 1.2% (plasma cholesterol), 8.9% (daily cigarettes), 0.4% (weight), 2% (systolic blood pressure), and 11% for a combined risk estimate. Reductions were larger in high-risk men (19% for the combined estimate). Red blood cell fatty acid profiles were substantially changed. There was a net overall reduction of 7.4% in fatal CHD and 2.7% in total deaths. Benefits were larger in centers achieving larger risk factor reductions, and in one country--Belgium--the net decreases in CHD incidence and total deaths were significant at the 5% level. Benefit was at least as great in men with established ECG abnormality. It is concluded that CHD risk in middle-aged men seems to be reducible by simple and cost-effective means. PMID- 3903733 TI - The Oslo Study: diet and antismoking advice. Additional results from a 5-year primary preventive trial in middle-aged men. AB - In this randomized, primary prevention trial of 1,232 high-risk, middle-aged Oslo men, advice during 5 years about diet and smoking brought about a significant reduction (47%) in incidence of first major coronary heart disease (CHD) events in the intervention group compared with controls. Data are presented indicating that the net difference of 10% in serum cholesterol between groups was the main cause for this achievement and that the antismoking factor, due to a rather small net difference in quit rates (17 and 24% in control and intervention groups, respectively), contributed to a lesser degree. Analysis of social class reveals that the favorable results in the intervention group were present in all social strata, despite the unexpected finding that lower class men experienced a lower CHD incidence than men of higher socioeconomic status. Antismoking advice was especially effective in lower class intervention group men. Among cigarette quitters, lower social class men reduced their serum cholesterol more than higher social class men. However, for the total intervention group, higher status men had at least as great a reduction in serum cholesterol as did lower status men. With endpoint follow-up extended to 8.5-10 years, additional cases of CHD (nonfatal and fatal myocardial infarction and sudden death) numbered 7 and 10 in the intervention and control groups, respectively; CHD cases throughout the trial totaled 25 and 45 (P approximately equal to 0.02). Total deaths numbered 19 and 31, respectively (P approximately equal to 0.05). PMID- 3903734 TI - Coronary heart disease and all-causes mortality in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial: subgroup findings and comparisons with other trials. AB - The Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT) was a randomized primary prevention trial to test whether a special intervention (SI) program to reduce high blood pressure, elevated blood cholesterol, and/or cigarette smoking could lower coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality in middle-aged men at above average risk. After an average follow-up period of 7 years, risk factor levels were reduced substantially more in SI than in usual-care (UC) men; however, SI-UC differences in CHD mortality (7.1%) and total mortality (-2.1%) were not statistically significant. Subgroup analysis showed 35% fewer SI than UC CHD deaths (P = 0.14) but no all-causes mortality difference in men comparable to the cohort having dietary and smoking intervention in Oslo (the "Oslo-like" cohort). Among the subgroup hypertensive at entry, SI-UC differences in CHD and total mortality appeared to be heterogeneous: CHD mortality was 24% lower in SI than UC men with a normal resting ECG at baseline, but 67% higher if baseline ECG abnormalities were present (nominal P = 0.02, for difference in relative risk estimates). These findings were supported by within-group analyses and are generally consistent with results of other CHD/cardiovascular disease prevention trials. They pose a new hypothesis about possible adverse effects of diuretic therapy in a minority of the hypertensive population. PMID- 3903735 TI - Nonpharmacological control of hypertension. AB - Ability to safely withdraw well-controlled mild hypertensives from drugs is being tested in a three-group randomized trial. Group I (intervention) was removed from drugs after the first 2 months of nutrition counseling. Counseling is continuing through the remaining years of the trial to achieve a minimum weight loss of 10 lb if overweight, reduction of sodium intake to less than 1,800 mg, and reduction of alcohol intake to not more than two drinks per day. Group II (the first control group) was also removed from drugs to see if previous long-term blood pressure control had a carryover effect without dietary change. Blood pressure is monitored frequently in both groups, with return to drug treatment in the event of specified blood pressure rise. Group III (the second control group) has remained on drugs for comparison of blood pressure and biochemical variables. In Group I mean 30-month weight loss was 8 lb, with 35% losing 10+ lb; sodium intake was reduced by 38%. Blood pressure control without drugs was maintained for 47% of Group I patients but only 16% of group II patients (P less than 0.05). These findings indicate it may be possible, after establishing good blood pressure control, to maintain control in a sizable proportion without medication, when reduction of weight, sodium, and alcohol intake is achieved. PMID- 3903736 TI - Beta-Blocker Heart Attack Trial: impact of propranolol therapy on ventricular arrhythmias. AB - The natural history of and the effect of propranolol on ventricular arrhythmias post-myocardial infarction were analyzed using data from the Beta-Blocker Heart Attack Trial (BHAT). The Beta-Blocker Heart Attack Trial was a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial among 3,837 patients entered from 5 to 21 days after hospitalization for acute myocardial infarction. At baseline, prior to randomization, 3,290 (85.7%) patients underwent 24-hr ambulatory ECG monitoring which was repeated in approximately 25% of a randomly selected subset of the study population at 6 weeks. Ventricular arrhythmias were divided into eight different categories which defined the prevalence of ventricular arrhythmias in terms of frequency and/or complexity. Ventricular arrhythmias at baseline were associated with age, past history of myocardial infarction, and use of diuretics and digitalis. Paired data (baseline and 6-week) were available for 428 patients on propranolol and 412 on placebo. Propranolol markedly blunted the two- to threefold increase in ventricular arrhythmias that occurred from baseline to 6 weeks in the placebo group. Propranolol decreased the proportion of patients having ventricular arrhythmias during waking hours compared with sleep. These data show that propranolol has an antiarrhythmic effect and suggest that an antiarrhythmic mechanism may in part be responsible for the observed reduction in sudden cardiac death mortality in BHAT. PMID- 3903737 TI - [Sterol composition in yeast strains sensitive and resistant to nystatin]. AB - The sterol composition of nystatin-sensitive and nystatin-resistant strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was being studied by gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectroscopy. The synthesis of ergosterol is completely suppressed in polyene resistant mutants. Three sterols derived from cholesterol were identified in the mutants: cholesta-8,24-diene-3 beta-ol, cholesta-5,7,24-triene-3 beta-ol, and cholesta-5,7,22,24-tetraene-3 beta-ol. PMID- 3903738 TI - [Ultrasound study in the diagnosis of thyroid gland pathology]. AB - An ultrasound study of the thyroid was performed in 55 patients who were admitted to be treated surgically for the goiter. The Sonoline-3000 unit working in the real time mode was used. The results were compared with the morphological findings of the resected gland. Features which were most characteristic of different types of the pathology were revealed. This method made it possible to differentiate with assurance between a cyst and a hard node, to reveal the diffuse-nodular forms of lesion. Some difficulties arose in the diagnosis of the nodes that had no limiting rim and differed little in the structure from the unchanged gland as well as in the differential diagnosis of a benign hard node and cancer, this being associated with the absence of the pathognomonic features of malignant lesion. PMID- 3903740 TI - [Pathogenesis of arterial hypertension in puberal juvenile dyspituitarism]. AB - Pubertal juvenile dyspituitarism (PJD) is one of the common types of obesity in adolescents. Literature data on the involvement of the renin-angiotensin aldosterone, hypophysis-adrenal cortex system in the formation of this syndrome are of controversial nature, and the pathogenesis of the development of arterial hypertension in PJD is obscure in many respects. The purpose of the study was to investigate the activity of plasma renin, potassium and sodium in the blood serum as well as the excretion of potassium and sodium with daily urine in PJD patients. A total of 148 PJD patients aged 14 to 21 were examined, of them 22 had exogenous constitutional obesity. The control group was composed of 54 healthy persons of the same sex and age. Electrolyte metabolic derangement, an increase in the ACTH level and hyperaldosteronemia were shown to play a certain role in the development of arterial hypertension in PJD. The above changes developed in the presence of disordered interrelationships in the hypophysis-adrenal cortex, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. PMID- 3903741 TI - [Participation and contribution of Soviet medics to the cause of victory in World War II, 1941-1945]. PMID- 3903739 TI - [Lymphoid infiltration of the thyroid gland and antithyroid antibodies in patients with diffuse toxic goiter]. AB - The titer of antibodies to thyroglobulin (TgAb) was determined in 59 patients with diffuse toxic goiter before and in 21 patients 1.3 and 6 mos. after subtotal resection of the thyroid using the hemagglutination test (HAT), radioimmunoassay (RIA) and indirect immunofluorescence (IF). Microsomal antibodies were determined by the latter method only. Using the HAT TgAb were detected in 85% of the patients, using RIA and IF in 40 and 44%, respectively. A high titer of thyroid antibodies was detected on an average in 11-15% of the patients. Positive correlation was found in comparing the titer of thyroid antibodies with a degree of the expression of the thyroid lymphoid infiltration (TLI). It was most significant when it was between the titer of microsomal antibodies and TLI expression. The presence and severity of endocrine ophthalmopathy did not correlate with the TgAb titer. A tendency to the disappearance of TgAb or the reduction of their titer was noted in the first 6 mos. following operation. PMID- 3903742 TI - [Degradation of 125I-prolactin in the mammae and kidneys of lactating rats]. AB - The degradation of sheep and rat 125I-prolactin was studied. It was shown that in the breast tissues, there were specific prolactin degrading proteases. The maximal activity of breast proteases was noted at pH 7.6 and 3.0. Neutral proteases were located in the nucleic and mitochondrial fractions, acid proteases mostly in the lysosomal fraction. Some data indicating the participation of the receptors of the breast sensitive nerves in the regulation of prolactin degrading neutral protease activity were obtained. Apart from degradation products from the breast and kidneys, a high molecular complex was extracted. After treatment with mercaptoethanol it dissociated with the release of a 125I-prolactin monomer. It is assumed that high-molecular products extracted from the tissues are a soluble hormone-receptor complex. PMID- 3903743 TI - [Parlodel. Mechanism of action and use]. PMID- 3903744 TI - [Immunofluorescence method in the differential diagnosis of tuberculosis]. PMID- 3903745 TI - [Experience with the management of diabetes mellitus patients during the surgical treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 3903746 TI - Immunological detection of hemoglobin in bones of ancient Roman times and of Iron and Eneolithic Ages. AB - Using an immunological method (immunoblot), we have established that hemoglobin (or hemoglobin fragments) can be quantitatively determined in old and ancient bones, some of them dating back 4500 years. It is shown that the total recovery decreases with time, but it is still effective in the older specimens. Thus, the immunological assay may prove useful to solve problems relevant to paleontology and paleopathology. PMID- 3903747 TI - Limited proteolysis of the bifunctional thymidylate synthase-dihydrofolate reductase from Leishmania tropica. AB - The structure and activity of the bifunctional thymidylate synthase-dihydrofolate reductase (TS-DHFR) from the protozoan parasite Leishmania tropica were examined by limited proteolysis with five different endopeptidases. Each reaction resulted in a rapid, time-dependent loss of TS activity and no effect on DHFR activity. The proteolytic products were examined by NaDodSO4/PAGE; each digestion produced a fragment of apparent Mr approximately 35,000, and three of the five digestions generated a fragment of Mr approximately 20,000. Attempts to separate the fragments under nondenaturing conditions failed, suggesting that the proteolyzed protein remains a dimer with the gross structure of the subunits more or less undisturbed. In contrast, kinetic data indicate that some aspects of higher-order structure in the native protein are affected by proteolysis. The fragments (Mr 36,600 and 20,000) generated by Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease were subjected to sequence analysis. Whereas neither the native protein nor the Mr 36,600 fragment yielded an NH2-terminal amino acid, we obtained the sequence of the first 28 amino acids of the Mr 20,000 fragment. This sequence bore strong homology with sequences situated within TS of human, Lactobacillus casei, Escherichia coli, and bacteriophage T4. These and other data indicate that the TS DHFR polypeptide consists of a DHFR sequence at the blocked NH2-terminal and a TS sequence at the COOH-terminal end of the protein. The region that is the target of the five proteases corresponds to a highly variable region within the sequences of the other four TSs. We suggest that an insertion occurs within the TS-DHFR sequence, positioned on the surface of the protein and quite vulnerable to the action of endopeptidases. PMID- 3903748 TI - Synthesis and secretion of human epidermal growth factor by Escherichia coli. AB - A synthetic gene for human epidermal growth factor (hEGF) was joined to a sequence encoding the signal peptide of Escherichia coli alkaline phosphatase. This hybrid gene was placed under the control of the alkaline phosphatase gene (phoA) promoter in a recombinant plasmid, which was used to transfect E. coli. The hybrid protein that was expressed in host cells under conditions of phosphate limitation was processed accurately during the secretion process, and mature hEGF was recovered in the periplasmic fraction. On the other hand, no EGF was detected in the periplasmic space when the synthetic hEGF gene was not accompanied by the phoA signal sequence. PMID- 3903749 TI - Molecular cloning and regulated expression of the human c-myc gene in Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae: comparison of the protein products. AB - mRNA from human HL-60 cells was used to prepare a cDNA library, from which two full-length clones that encompass the complete c-myc coding region were isolated. One clone, pM1-11, contains all three exons of human c-myc. The second clone, pM4 10, represents a relatively rare transcript that initiated in the first intron and includes the coding exons 2 and 3. The cDNA insert in pM1-11 was used to express the human c-myc protein in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Insertion of the coding sequences in exons 2 and 3 into the appropriate expression vectors yielded detectable c-myc protein in Escherichia coli lacking the Lon protease and in Saccharomyces cerevisiae upon induction. The protein produced in E. coli has an apparent size of 60 kDa and appears to be unmodified, as it is identical in size to the protein synthesized in an in vitro system. In contrast, yeast cells synthesize two myc proteins, of 60 kDa and 62 kDa. The difference in apparent molecular mass between the two proteins appears to be due, in part, to phosphorylation. Subcellular fractionation of yeast cells showed that the c-myc phosphoprotein is located predominantly in the nuclear fraction. PMID- 3903750 TI - Partial purification of an enzyme from Saccharomyces cerevisiae that cleaves Holliday junctions. AB - An enzyme from Saccharomyces cerevisiae that cleaves Holliday junctions was partially purified approximately 500- to 1000-fold by DEAE-cellulose chromatography, gel filtration on Sephacryl S300, and chromatography on single stranded DNA-cellulose. The partially purified enzyme did not have any detectable nuclease activity when tested with single-stranded or double-stranded bacteriophage T7 substrate DNA and did not have detectable endonuclease activity when tested with bacteriophage M13 viral DNA or plasmid pBR322 covalently closed circular DNA. Analysis of the products of the cruciform cleavage reaction by electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels under denaturing conditions revealed that the cruciform structure was cleaved at either of two sites present in the stem of the cruciform and was not cleaved at the end of the stem. The cruciform cleavage enzyme was able to cleave the Holliday junction present in bacteriophage G4 figure-8 molecules. Eighty percent of these Holliday junctions were cleaved in the proper orientation to generate intact chromosomes during genetic recombination. PMID- 3903751 TI - Oxygen binding properties of human mutant hemoglobins synthesized in Escherichia coli. AB - Human beta-globin was synthesized in Escherichia coli as a cleavable fusion protein, using the expression vector pLcIIFX beta-globin [Nagai, K. & Thogersen, H. C. (1984) Nature (London) 309, 810-812]. The fusion protein cIIFX beta-globin was purified to homogeneity and cleaved at the junction by blood coagulation factor Xa; the authentic beta-globin was liberated. Beta-globin was folded in vitro and reconstituted with heme and alpha subunits to form alpha 2 beta 2 tetramers. The oxygen binding properties of reconstituted Hb are essentially the same as those of human native Hb. Two mutant Hbs (Hb Nympheas [Cys-93 beta--- Ser] and Hb Daphne [Cys-93 beta----Ser, His-143 beta----Arg]) were constructed by site-directed mutagenesis using synthetic oligonucleotides. Hb Nympheas showed a slightly increased oxygen affinity and diminished cooperativity with normal 2,3 diphosphoglyceric acid and slightly reduced alkaline Bohr effects. Hb Daphne showed low cooperativity with high oxygen affinity. The alkaline Bohr effect was slightly reduced but the diphosphoglycerate effect was enhanced by 50% by the His 143 beta----Arg mutation. As arginine is fully charged at physiological pH and has a long flexible side chain, diphosphoglycerate binds more strongly to Hb Daphne. PMID- 3903752 TI - korA function of promiscuous plasmid RK2: an autorepressor that inhibits expression of host-lethal gene kilA and replication gene trfA. AB - In broad host-range plasmid RK2, korA function prevents the lethal effect of kilA on Escherichia coli host cells and inhibits expression of trfA, the essential replication gene. From gene fusion and promoter replacement studies, we determined that control of kilA is also mediated at the level of gene expression and that the target resides in the kilA promoter region. The nucleotide sequence of this region shows the same two operator-like palindromes present in the previously sequenced promoters of trfA and korA. One of the palindromes (5' GTTTAGCTAAAC-3') at the -10 position is sufficient to confer sensitivity to korA function. The presence of the same sequences in the korA promoter region suggested that korA might also regulate its own expression. Using the structural gene for chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) fused to the korA promoter, we found that korA gene expression is indeed autoregulated. The results show that korA gene product is very likely a repressor that negatively regulates expression of at least three different genes by interacting with an operator-like sequence in their promoter regions. Coordinate regulation of host-lethal gene kilA and essential replication gene trfA by a common mechanism also supports our hypothesis that these genes are functionally related. PMID- 3903753 TI - Nasal absorption of insulin: enhancement by hydrophobic bile salts. AB - We demonstrate that therapeutically useful amounts of insulin are absorbed by the nasal mucosa of human beings when administered as a nasal spray with the common bile salts. By employing a series of bile salts with subtle differences in the number, position, and orientation of their nuclear hydroxyl functions and alterations in side chain conjugation, we show that adjuvant potency for nasal insulin absorption correlates positively with increasing hydrophobicity of the bile salts' steroid nucleus. As inferred from studies employing various concentrations of unconjugated deoxycholate and a constant dose of insulin, insulin absorption begins at the aqueous critical micellar concentration of the bile salt and becomes maximal when micelle formation is well established. These and other data are consistent with the complementary hypotheses that bile salts act as absorption adjuvants by producing high juxtamembrane concentrations of insulin monomers via solubilization in mixed bile salt micelles and forming reverse micelles within nasal membranes, through which insulin monomers can diffuse through polar channels from the nares into the blood stream. PMID- 3903754 TI - Serotonin neurons on the ventral brain surface. AB - Serotonin neurons and fibers on the subpial surface of the ventral medulla oblongata in the rat are described by immunohistochemistry and autoradiography. The neurons are concentrated in the area encompassed by the origins of the abducens, hypoglossal, glossopharyngeal, and vagus nerves. The highest number of serotonin surface neurons appears along the median medullary fissure or basilar sulcus, where they may represent the most ventral extensions of the raphe pallidus group. As these cells lie on the surface of the brain, they could be directly affected by alterations in the chemical composition of the cerebrospinal fluid and, depending on their connections, could influence important medullary functions. PMID- 3903755 TI - Effect of taurine depletion and treatment on cardiac contractility and metabolism. PMID- 3903756 TI - Taurine in human nutrition: overview. PMID- 3903757 TI - Taurine: a physiological stabilizer of photoreceptor membranes. PMID- 3903758 TI - Prenatal abnormal bone growth: a perspective. PMID- 3903759 TI - Control mechanisms of prenatal bone growth. PMID- 3903760 TI - Muscle activity and bone formation. PMID- 3903761 TI - The biological basis for understanding craniofacial growth during adulthood. PMID- 3903762 TI - Interaction of bone resorption and bone synthesis using an autoclaved bone graft. PMID- 3903763 TI - Bone formation in the canine palate following partial resection. PMID- 3903764 TI - Periosteal control of mandibular condyle growth. PMID- 3903765 TI - Pseudoarthrosis in lumbar spine fusion. PMID- 3903766 TI - Growth movements during prenatal development of human facial morphology. AB - After formation of the primary palate, human facial morphology develops rapidly and by 10-12 weeks pc the face has characteristics that appear typically human. The objective of this study was to review major growth movements and developmental changes in craniofacial tissues between 7 and 12 weeks pc. During this period (20 - 80 mm CR length), the upper and lower facial regions grow forward rapidly to achieve relationships to the cranial base that are similar to those present later prenatally and postnatally. Initial ossification of facial bones is present but the primary cartilages form the continuous craniofacial skeleton through the entire period. Rapid directional growth of the cartilaginous components between 7 and 10 weeks appears to be important to development of the typically human facial appearance prior to the formation of the continuous bony skeleton. The effects of altered primary cartilage growth on bony skeletal patterns were examined in experimental animal studies in which embryonic rats were exposed to teratogens. Reduction in the length of Meckel's cartilage or alteration in the shape of the cartilage was found to affect the size and shape of the bony mandible that developed later. Therefore, growth movements of the chondrocranium and Meckel's cartilage appear to play an important role in spatial relocation of developing facial bones during formation of craniofacial morphology. The results suggest that significant alterations in growth during this period when the primary cartilages form the continuous skeleton may produce significant irreversible effects on later prenatal and postnatal craniofacial morphology. PMID- 3903767 TI - Osteoporosis: a bone morphogenetic protein auto-immune disorder. AB - Simultaneous reduction in the bone formation phase, and a normal or accelerated bone resorption phase of the bone remodelling process occurs in patients with severe osteoporosis having normal calcium or mineral intake, endocrine function, and exercise patterns. A large body of research suggests that the resorption phase is under the control of the immune system, cell mediated, and involves interaction of macrophages and T-lymphocytes. Much less is known about the bone formation phase. The present hypothesis is based upon speculation on the immunosuppressive effects of B-cell-synthesized humoral antibody (anti-BMP) against bone morphogenetic protein, subsequently reducing osteoprogenitor cell differentiation and causing either gradual or precipitous decline in bone mass. The hypothesis assumes that approximately 74% of white Caucasian women of postmenopausal age, and nearly all of the black population in the USA who do not develop osteoporosis, maintain a low anti-BMP titre. The hypothesis emphasizes a recorded (albeit low) incidence of osteoporosis in children, postpartum women, young men, exogenous adrenal hypercorticoidism, various endocrinopathies who warrant investigation for auto-immune disease. Based upon a high anti-BMP titre, and a low BMP anti-BMP ratio in 10 patients with severe osteoporosis, the hypothesis proposes investigation of an auto-immune disorder in the 26% of the female population who become disabled by severe osteoporosis. PMID- 3903768 TI - Effect of diet on serum lipoproteins in children with various forms of hyperlipidemias. PMID- 3903769 TI - Effects of dietary lipid composition on serum lipoproteins. PMID- 3903770 TI - Experience with plasma-exchange in homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia. AB - Reduction of plasma cholesterol and apolipoprotein B concentrations can be expected and may appear to slow the rate of progression of the atherosclerotic process (Thompson, 1980). The usefulness of plasma exchange to the treatment of homozygous FH patients has been extended recently by Stoffel et al. (1981), who perfused plasma through an on-line anti-LDL sepharose column, which selectively removes LDL. Having theoretical advantages over plasma-exchange, this procedure avoids the loss of HDL and of other important plasma proteins. In short, plasma exchange has proved to be a remarkably safe, well tolerated and effective means of treating homozygous FH. PMID- 3903771 TI - Senescent cell differentiation antigen. AB - A terminal differentiation antigen, the senescent cell antigen, appears on the surface of senescent and damaged cells. Appearance of this antigen initiates immunologic binding of physiologic IgG autoantibodies and removal of the cells by macrophages. The senescent cell antigen appears to be derived from band 3, the major anion transport protein of erythrocytes. Both the senescent cell antigen and band 3 have been demonstrated in the membranes of all cells examined. PMID- 3903772 TI - The subcellular distribution and proteolysis of abnormal proteins in aging rabbit reticulocytes. PMID- 3903773 TI - Biphasic loss of red cell enzyme activity during in vivo aging. PMID- 3903774 TI - The 2,3-DPG gene in rats: studies of mechanism and developmental stage of its action. PMID- 3903775 TI - Renal vein prostaglandins in renovascular hypertensive patients. AB - To investigate the role of intrarenal prostaglandins in the pathophysiology of renovascular hypertension, we measured bilateral renal vein prostaglandins (PGE2, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha) and plasma renin activity (PRA) of nine patients with renovascular hypertension caused by fibromuscular dysplasia. Both PGE2 and PRA on the stenotic side were significantly higher than those on the non-stenotic side. The difference in 6-keto-PGF1 alpha levels between the stenotic and the non stenotic sides was not significant. PGE2 ratio of the stenotic and the non stenotic sides was significantly correlated with PRA ratio of the stenotic and contralateral sides. These results suggest that renal PGE2 plays an important role in the maintenance of renal blood flow through modulation against vasoconstriction in the renal vasculature and that renal PGE2 may be closely associated with renal renin secretion in the renovascular hypertension. PMID- 3903776 TI - Cigarette smoke extracts, but not nicotine, inhibit prostacyclin (PGI2) synthesis in human, rabbit and rat vascular tissue. AB - Ethanolic and aqueous cigarette smoke extracts were tested for their influence on prostacyclin (PGI2) synthesis in four vascular models: human umbilical artery, rabbit aorta, rat aorta and rat lung. Nicotine was also studied. In each tissue, a dose-dependent inhibition of the release of PGI2 (assessed by measurement of immunoreactive 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha, the stable hydrolysis product of PGI2), was seen on incubation with aqueous or ethanolic cigarette smoke extracts; nicotine, at concentrations of up to 1 g/1, was without effect. In vitro conversion of [14C] arachidonic acid to [14C]-6-oxo-PGF1 alpha by human umbilical artery was also inhibited by both ethanolic and aqueous cigarette smoke extracts, whereas nicotine was again without effect. We conclude that cigarette smoke inhibits PGI2 synthesis at the level of cyclooxygenase or beyond it, and that components other than nicotine are responsible for this effect. In blood vessels, the inhibition of PGI2 synthesis may contribute to the pathogenesis of the vascular complications of smoking. PMID- 3903777 TI - Elevated glucose in vivo and in vitro adversely alters prostaglandin generation in rat aortas and platelets. AB - An imbalance in prostacyclin (PGI2) and thromboxane (TXA2) generation from arachidonic acid (AA) may contribute to the marked increase in susceptibility to cardiovascular disease seen in diabetics. Rats made diabetic with streptozocin, and subsequently treated with saline or insulin, yielded aortic rings that synthesized decreasing amounts of PGI2 and platelets that generated increasing amounts of TXA2 in proportion to the degree of hyperglycemia. These alterations in AA metabolism were mimicked by incubating aortic rings or platelets from normal rats in buffer containing elevated glucose concentrations. Platelets incubated in elevated glucose displayed shorter times to maximal aggregation and higher percent maximal aggregation. Incubation of tissue in a buffer made hyperosmotic with mannitol had no effect on PGI2 or TXA2 formation, or platelet aggregation. These data suggest that hyperglycemia is involved in the PGI2/TXA2 imbalance and platelet abnormalities seen in diabetes, and reinforces the importance of rigid control of blood glucose as an approach to minimizing the incidence of diabetic cardiovascular complications. PMID- 3903778 TI - Comparison of naproxen and piroxicam in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: a double-blind, crossover study. AB - A double-blind, crossover study was carried out in 50 patients with rheumatoid arthritis to compare the efficacy and tolerance of single evening doses of 1000 mg naproxen and 20 mg piroxicam. After an initial wash-out period of 1 week, patients received 4-weeks' treatment with one or other of the trial drugs and were then crossed over after a 1-week wash-out period to the alternative medication for a further 4 weeks. Objective assessments of disease activity and patients' and physician's assessments of therapeutic response were made at the end of each wash-out and active treatment period, and at the end of the trial patients and physician were asked to say which of the two active treatments was preferred. Forty-nine patients completed the 10-week trial; one patient discontinued the study while on piroxicam therapy because of side-effects. While both treatments proved effective, naproxen was statistically significantly better than piroxicam for total joint pain, grip strength, duration of morning stiffness, and overall therapeutic response. Naproxen also had a more rapid and more pronounced action than did piroxicam and was selected as the preferred drug by both patients and physicians. Patients taking naproxen reported slightly fewer side-effects than did those taking piroxicam. PMID- 3903779 TI - Fusidic acid plus betamethasone in infected or potentially infected eczema. AB - Eighty-one patients with atopic dermatitis and contact dermatitis received a 1 week treatment with 0.1% betamethasone alone on one side and 0.1% betamethasone plus 2% fusidic acid on the other side. Clinically, the combination was marginally superior and in patient preference a significant difference in favour of the combination was recorded. Bacteriologically, the combination eliminated 67% of bacteria originally present in the skin lesions compared with 51% with steroid alone. PMID- 3903781 TI - Treatment of progressive systemic sclerosis using factor XIII. AB - A double-blind, randomized crossover trial was carried out in 25 patients with progressive systemic sclerosis to compare the effectiveness and tolerability of treatment with Factor XIII with that of placebo. Patients received twice daily intravenous injections of either Factor XIII or placebo for 3 weeks and, after a wash-out period of 6 weeks, were crossed over to the alternative medication for a further 3 weeks. Assessments made by the physician and patients at the end of each treatment period indicated that Factor XIII was significantly better than placebo in improving the cutaneous manifestations of the disease and these opinions were supported by the significant improvement in the function index which was used to assess the degree of motor disability. Both local and general tolerability of Factor XIII treatment was good and there were no adverse reports. PMID- 3903780 TI - Effect of prolonged gliclazide therapy in non-insulin dependent diabetic subjects. AB - The effect of prolonged gliclazide treatment on diabetic metabolic control was studied in 10 subjects with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Patients were examined before, after 15 days of treatment with diet alone and, again, after 60 days of treatment with diet plus gliclazide. Gliclazide did not restore the abnormality of blood glucose, free insulin and C-peptide response to an intensive stimulus of glucose load, although fasting and after-load blood glucose, fasting glycosylated haemoglobin, alanine and lactate significantly decreased after prolonged treatment with diet plus gliclazide, but not with diet alone. These findings support the assumption that the efficacy of prolonged treatment with gliclazide might be related to its extrapancreatic effects on glucose homeostasis. PMID- 3903782 TI - Long-term therapy with sustained-release theophylline. AB - Twenty patients with partially reversible bronchial obstruction due to chronic obstructive lung disease participated in a study comparing serum levels, clinical and side-effects of a sustained-release formulation of theophylline with placebo. Prior to the study, theophylline dosages were individually adjusted to give serum levels of 55 to 75 mumol/l 4 hours after tablet intake. Theophylline or placebo was then administered every 12 hours with crossover after 6 weeks. During the study, patients were examined in the morning every second week and lung function tests carried out before and after salbutamol inhalation. Doses required to achieve the desired serum concentration showed great inter-individual variations, but the obtained levels were stable during the whole study. Lung function tests were significantly better in the theophylline period. After inhalation of salbutamol, values were also better in the theophylline period but the differences were less marked and of no statistical significance. Subjective improvement from theophylline was not observed. Side-effects reported were mild and caused no withdrawals. PMID- 3903783 TI - A new, modified form of inhaler ('Rotahaler') for patients with chronic obstructive lung disease. AB - A randomized study was carried out in 396 patients requiring inhalation therapy for chronic obstructive lung disease to assess whether a modified, breath activated device for drug delivery ('Rotahaler') was more effective than the current standard model in opening the hard gelatin cartridge containing the drug in powder form ('Rotacaps'). 'Rotacaps' packaged in two different ways, one specially designed to protect them against environmental changes, were also compared. Patients were asked to open 5 cartridges of each type with each of the two devices. The modified 'Rotahaler' failed to open only 0.7% of both types of 'Rotacaps' whereas the standard model failed to open 13.6% of the foil-packed type and 16.9% of those from a special polypropylene container. There was a statistically significant difference between the two 'Rotahaler' devices and between the two types of 'Rotacaps' in the standard device. More patients preferred the modified 'Rotahaler' (160) than the standard (75). The results did not depend upon age, sex, nationality of the patients or previous 'Rotahaler' experience. It is concluded that the modifications substantially improve the performance of the 'Rotahaler' and should make it easier for patients to use. PMID- 3903784 TI - Controlled clinical assessment of the efficacy and tolerance of triletide versus antacids in patients with gastric and duodenal ulcers. AB - A study was carried out in 30 out-patients with endoscopically confirmed active, benign gastric or duodenal ulceration to assess the comparative effectiveness and tolerance of treatment with triletide, a new synthetic tripeptide with anti-ulcer properties, with that of conventional antacids. Patients were allocated at random to receive treatment with either 1.6 g aluminium hydroxide and 1.6 g magnesium hydroxide per day or the antacids plus 1.5 g triletide per day over a period of 8 weeks. Heartburn and epigastric pain, monitored every other week, were significantly relieved by both treatments, but to a significantly greater extent (70% vs 20% on average, p less than 0.01) and significantly faster (p less than 0.01) in the presence of triletide. Endoscopic control showed that the patients who had triletide experienced complete healing in a significantly greater proportion (73% vs 27%, p less than 0.02) than those who had antacids only. The efficacy of treatments was the same, regardless of the actual ulcer location. Routine haematology and haematochemistry findings were unaffected by either treatment, and subjective possible side-reactions were limited to constipation (9 complaints overall) which is a well-known side-effect of antacid treatment. It would appear, therefore, that triletide is at least as well tolerated as antacids, while promoting the healing of peptic ulcers in a significantly greater proportion of patients and easing symptoms significantly faster and to a greater extent than antacids alone, regardless of the ulcer location. PMID- 3903785 TI - Cytoprotective therapy of gastric ulcers: a controlled clinical evaluation of triletide versus carbenoxolone. AB - Two parallel groups, each of 10 out-patients with endoscopically confirmed benign gastric ulcer, were randomly assigned to receive either 1.5 g/day of triletide, a new tripeptide shown to increase the synthesis of gastroduodenal mucus and to antagonize thromboxane A2, or 0.3 g/day of carbenoxolone. Both drugs were given orally in 3 divided doses for 4 weeks, according to the controlled design. Endoscopy showed that a greater proportion of patients treated with triletide benefited from treatment (60%) in comparison with those who had carbenoxolone (40%), but the difference was not significant. Weekly monitoring of epigastric pain, heartburn and antacid intake showed both treatments to be effective, and triletide to be overall faster acting (p less than 0.01 for epigastric pain). Subjective complaints of possible side-reactions were not recorded with either treatment; routine physical examination, haematology and haematochemistry remained unaffected by triletide, whereas treatment with carbenoxolone was associated with a significant increase in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure and with a significant decrease (p less than 0.05) in blood potassium levels. Triletide, therefore, appeared to be an effective and well-tolerated means for the therapy of gastric ulcer, and by virtue of its significantly greater symptomatic action and greater tolerance in comparison with a standard cytoprotective treatment such as carbenoxolone, it is suggested that triletide deserves consideration in the management of peptic ulcer. PMID- 3903786 TI - Triletide in a cimetidine-controlled clinical evaluation in duodenal ulcer patients. AB - A controlled study was carried out in 20 out-patients with endoscopically confirmed active duodenal ulcer to compare the effectiveness and tolerance of a new cytoprotective agent, triletide, with an established antisecretory agent, cimetidine. Patients were allocated at random to receive 8-weeks' treatment with either 1.5 g triletide per day or 1.2 g cimetidine per day. The results showed that all patients experienced improvement of the ulcer condition by the end of treatment, the vast majority being found endoscopically healed. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups. At the same time, the intensity of heartburn and epigastric pain, as well as the mean antacid intake, decreased significantly with both drugs, almost to the same extent. A significant relief of symptoms was already apparent by the end of 2 weeks of treatment, except for heartburn in the cimetidine group which did not show improvement until the fourth week. There were no complaints of possible side-effects with either treatment and no evidence of any significant changes in blood pressure, heart rate or routine haematology and haematochemistry investigations. PMID- 3903787 TI - Triletide and ranitidine for the management of chronic duodenal ulcer: a controlled clinical investigation. AB - Twenty out-patients with active, chronic duodenal ulcer were treated over a period of 6 weeks with either 0.6 g ranitidine per day or 2 g triletide per day, a new synthetic tripeptide shown to be effective in healing ulcers by increasing the mucosal defence mechanisms. Efficacy was assessed by scoring the intensity of day and night pain before, after 2 and after 6 weeks of treatment, and by endoscopy before and after. Tolerance was assessed by routine laboratory tests, physical examination and a survey of any accessory symptoms. Both drugs significantly relieved pain almost at the same rate and to the same extent, whereas endoscopy showed a not significantly greater improvement in the ranitidine group. It was found, however, that the patients in the triletide group had, on average, a significantly greater intensity of intractable factors on entry than those in the ranitidine group (+75%; p less than 0.02). After stratifying the intractability factor intensity, the 5 patients in the triletide sub-group comparable with those in the ranitidine group exhibited exactly the same behavior on pain relief and a very similar one on endoscopy findings (2 healed, 2 improved and 1 unchanged, compared with 7 healed and 3 improved, respectively). The sub-group with greater severity also showed improvements, both symptomatic and endoscopic, but to a lesser extent, indicating the need for prolonged treatment. Tolerance was good with both drugs. Two patients on triletide reported adverse effects; 1 of increased intensity of previous constipation and the other 1 of mild headache and dizziness, but these could not be related definitely to treatment. PMID- 3903788 TI - Efficacy of penbutolol and a combination of a low dose of penbutolol with piretanide in the treatment of mild to moderate hypertension. AB - A double-blind study was carried out in two parallel groups of patients with mild to moderate hypertension to assess the efficacy and tolerance of the combination 20 mg penbutolol plus 3 mg piretanide in comparison to 40 mg penbutolol alone over a period of 6 weeks. Active drug treatment in the 51 patients studied was preceded by a 2-week period of placebo. The results showed that in both groups there was an effective reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure compared with initial levels. Although there was no significant difference between the groups, the normalization of diastolic blood pressure (less than 95 mmHg) was achieved in 70% of the patients receiving the combination and in 59% of the patients treated with penbutolol alone. Pulse rate decreased in both groups, body weight only in the combination group. The biochemical and haematological parameters showed no clinically relevant changes during treatment with either drug regimens. Minor side-effects definitely or probably associated with the treatment were observed in both groups but were generally mild and did not interfere with treatment. No patient withdrew prematurely from the trial. PMID- 3903789 TI - Psychosomatic disorders in general practice: comparisons of treatment with flupenthixol, diazepam and sulpiride. AB - One hundred and thirteen patients diagnosed as suffering from one of four common psychosomatic syndromes (psychogenic headache, cardiac neurosis, functional disturbance of the colon, or pruritus) were treated by two groups of general practitioners with flupenthixol or diazepam or sulpiride. Flupenthixol was compared with diazepam in 58 patients in one group of Belgian practices, and with sulpiride in 55 patients in another group of practices and assessed over a 4-week period for therapeutic response and adverse effects. Flupenthixol was given in a dosage of 0.5 to 2 mg a day, diazepam in a dosage of 2.5 to 10 mg a day and sulpiride 100 to 200 mg a day, in identical capsules. In the flupenthixol/diazepam comparison, there were 7 drop-outs (3 flupenthixol, 4 diazepam). Marked or moderate reduction in global assessment of illness occurred in both treatment groups, but there was no significant difference in the therapeutic effect of the two drugs. The incidence of side-effects was low and similar in the two groups. In the flupenthixol/sulpiride comparison, there were 10 drop-outs (7 flupenthixol, 3 sulpiride). A significant reduction in symptoms occurred in both treatment groups, but this was more rapid in the flupenthixol group. Side-effects were infrequent and mild in both groups. PMID- 3903790 TI - The effect of tiaprofenic acid and indomethacin on vascular prostacyclin and platelet thromboxane A2 production. AB - Two experimental models were used to compare tiaprofenic acid and indomethacin. The first model involved assessing their effect on in vitro prostacyclin synthesis by rat aortic rings and human umbilical endothelial cells. The results showed that the inhibitory effect of the two drugs was similar. The second model involved assessing the effect of these drugs on in vitro thromboxane A2 release by human platelets. Indomethacin was shown to be a more potent inhibitor of TXA2 release than tiaprofenic acid, but this difference was only significant at low concentrations of the drugs; at concentrations equivalent to those achieved during routine treatment, both produced near maximal inhibition of TXA2 release by platelets. It is concluded that the findings do not support the claim that tiaprofenic acid is more 'selective' in its actions on these aspects of prostaglandin synthesis than another non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, indomethacin. PMID- 3903791 TI - Twentieth Mary McMillan lecture. Great expectations: a force in growth and change. PMID- 3903792 TI - [Phlebology consultation services open to physicians]. PMID- 3903793 TI - [Comparative study of the clinical examination and the Doppler examination of the external saphenous vein: apropos of 191 cases]. AB - The systematic investigation of the short saphenous vein, from its terminal anastomosis in the popliteal space to the retromalleolar sulcus, using a doppler examination, produces a number of contradictions in comparison with the traditional clinical examination using palpation and succussion sign. In fact, 207 contradictory cases have been detected in which 2/3 of the Doppler examinations were positive without obvious clinical signs, then only 1/3 were positive at clinical examination, and 2/3 negative using the Doppler. These contradictory results ought, in the author's opinion, to mean the systematic use of the Doppler, at least the ultrasound, in standard examinations of the short saphenous areas. Surgical treatment of the short saphena should be envisaged if reflux is found into the retromalleolar sulcus. A simple resection of the saphenofemoral junction will not mean the complete eradication of reflux in this area. PMID- 3903794 TI - Ultraviolet light irradiation of defined-sequence DNA under conditions of chemical photosensitization. PMID- 3903795 TI - Physiology of cold tolerance in insects. AB - From the available experimental data a relatively clear picture can be established with regard to the physiological importance of some of the mechanisms involved in insect cold hardening. In freeze-avoiding insects, all potent ice nucleating agents are removed or inactivated, leading to a depression of the supercooling points to about 20 degrees C. Accumulation of polyols causes a further depression with a magnitude of about twice the corresponding melting point depression. Production of thermal hysteresis factors causes a stabilization of the supercooled state. In freeze-tolerant insects, potent ice-nucleating agents are produced in the extracellular body fluid, ensuring a protective extracellular freezing at a few degrees below zero. Accumulation of polyols causes a steep drop in the lethal temperature, due to a reduction of the amount of ice by a colligative mechanism. However, there is still much to be learned about the mechanisms by which ice-nucleating agents, polyols, and thermal hysteresis agents are acting. Furthermore, the regulatory mechanisms involved in the production and elimination of these components from the body fluid of the insects are not understood. Also, when it comes to the influence of environmental factors, like photoperiod and temperature, there is much to be learned. In addition to giving attention to these topics, future research should be focused on the possible role of other factors in cold hardening such as bound water, dehydration, low-molecular-weight solutes other than polyols, and the biochemical mechanisms forming the basis of the seasonal changes in the cold hardiness of insects. PMID- 3903796 TI - Preoperative experience with insulin enhances glucoprivic feeding in rats with lateral hypothalamic lesions. AB - Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats received either one injection per week of regular insulin (IP, 5 Units) or saline for 4 weeks prior to destruction of the LH or sham-operations. During this preoperative period, animals given insulin consumed significantly more food in a 6-hr test period than animals given saline. Following surgery, animals were given 3 weeks to recover from the acute effects of LH lesions and then tested for responsiveness to glucoprivic challenges. Sham operated animals from both pre-operative injection groups consumed significantly more food during a 6-hour period when injected with either insulin (5 and 7.5 Units) or 2-DG (400 mg/kg) than when given saline injections. Similarly, LH lesioned rats with preoperative experience with insulin significantly increased food intake when given insulin or 2-DG. In contrast, LH-lesioned rats without preoperative experience with insulin failed to increase feeding in response to the administration of either insulin or 2-DG. Differences in feeding responses following glucoprivation between LH-lesioned rats with and without preoperative exposure to insulin were not a function of differences in the extent of central nervous system damage. The present data indicate that experimental conditions play an important role in determining the presence or absence of regulatory deficits following brain damage. PMID- 3903797 TI - Dietary self-selection in insulin-injected hamsters. AB - Adult male golden hamsters were given access to a variety of nutrient sources and were observed following the administration of regular insulin. It was hypothesized that if insulin produced hyperphagia in hamsters by the activation of a glucoprivic feeding mechanism, a selective increase in carbohydrate consumption would be observed. All animals received subcutaneous injections of 10, 30, 50 and 100 units/kg of insulin as well as a control injection of saline. Food consumption was recorded at +3, +6 and +24 hours after injections. In Experiment 1 hamsters having continuous access to Purina lab chow, fat (Crisco) and sucrose (sugar cubes) increased their total caloric consumption in response to insulin, but did not do so by selectively increasing their carbohydrate intake. In Experiment 2 hamsters maintained on Purina chow and sugar cubes consistently increased their carbohydrate intake as well as their total caloric consumption in response to insulin, but again the increase in carbohydrate intake was not selective; increased consumption of both sugar cubes and Purina chow occurred, and neither the proportion of total calories derived from carbohydrate nor the proportion of total calories derived from sugar cubes was affected by insulin administration. The results support the conclusion that insulin-induced hyperphagia in hamsters results from the activation of a non-glucoprivic feeding mechanism. PMID- 3903798 TI - Parturition influences initial pup preferences at later onset of maternal behavior in primiparous rats. AB - Initial maternal responsiveness as a function of varying pup stimuli was assessed in primiparous Long-Evans rats. Pups were removed during parturition and the dams tested beginning 24 hr later. These dams were most likely to respond maternally towards newborn (0-2-day-old) rat pups (100%) and 6-8-day-old hamsters, which are the size of newborn rats (83.3%). In contrast, dams were significantly less likely to respond maternally towards newborn hamsters (50%) and 8-10-day-old rats (16.7%), pups which are half as large and twice as large, respectively, as newborn rats; indeed, dams were likely to attack these pups (33.3% and 25%, respectively). The maternal response (less than or equal to 1 hr) to dead newborn rats was similar to that towards live newborn rats, except that fewer dams retrieved dead pups rapidly (less than or equal to 1 min). Cesarean-delivered dams did not display higher maternal responsiveness towards 0-2 than towards 8-10 day-old rats. Further, whereas no parturition-experienced dam displayed infanticide towards newborn rats, 21.9% of primiparous Cesarean-delivered dams did. Thus, the exogenous and/or endogenous stimuli associated with parturition enhance selective maternal responsiveness and diminish infanticide towards pups the size of newborn rats. PMID- 3903799 TI - [Historical sketch of the school for midwives in Warsaw]. PMID- 3903800 TI - [30th anniversary of a school for midwives]. PMID- 3903801 TI - Management of open tibial fractures. AB - A prospective study was undertaken to accurately classify open tibial fractures and to evaluate the benefit of muscle flaps in the management of these injuries. From 191 open tibial fractures, 59 type III and 14 type IV open fractures were identified and managed prospectively. Fractures managed with open-wound techniques have a much higher complication rate than those closed with flaps. Results with flap coverage are affected by the biologic phase of the wound. The best results are seen in the acute flap coverage group and are thought to be secondary to removal of devitalized tissue with provision of a vascularized soft tissue envelope prior to wound colonization. Flap coverage of the colonized subacute wound is subject to invasive infection with additional tissue loss. The subacute wound should be managed with open-wound technique until the parameters of a chronic localized wound are established, at which time flap coverage is again indicated. Microvascular free flaps are the preferred cover for type IV wounds because the local tissues are too ischemic and devitalized for transfer. With meticulous wound care and adherence to the enumerated surgical procedures, limb salvage may be achieved in most injuries. PMID- 3903802 TI - Preischemic flap washout and its effect on the no-reflow phenomenon. AB - Preischemic perfusion washout with an acellular physiologic solution delays the no-reflow phenomenon and improves tissue survival in rat epigastric free flaps following 18 and 24 hours of normothermic ischemia. This implies that stagnating blood may be a causative agent in the no-reflow phenomenon. A possible mechanism for this is capillary endothelial damage secondary to the presence of formed blood cells or their products of hemolysis. Perfusion washout may improve ischemic tolerance by preventing this blood cell-induced endothelial damage and by the prevention of sludge and thrombus. Whether any of the metabolic components of the perfusate actively enhance ischemic tolerance cannot be definitively stated. PMID- 3903803 TI - Stress effects on immunity. PMID- 3903804 TI - A classification of countertransference phenomena and its application to inpatient psychiatry. PMID- 3903805 TI - The teaching of psychiatry in the correctional institution at the third year level: a new dimension in the medical school curriculum at New York Medical College. PMID- 3903806 TI - The multi-disciplinary team in psychiatry. PMID- 3903807 TI - Effects of patient characteristics and therapeutic techniques on crisis intervention outcome. PMID- 3903808 TI - The North of Superior Community Mental Health Program: a preliminary report. PMID- 3903809 TI - Family attitudes toward weight in bulimia and in affective disorder--a pilot study. PMID- 3903811 TI - [Social history of open care of the mentally ill--from the municipal asylum to social psychiatric care]. AB - Outpatient psychiatric care linked to a hospital or institution is as old as psychiatry defining itself as a science. During the time of the Liberal Movement in Germany and the various revolutions that took place in several European countries (including Austria and various German states) in 1848, people were full of ideas and sociorevolutionary projects. It was then that they became conscious of the need to meet mentally ill persons in their own environment in order to help them in an adequate manner. Griesinger described in great detail such work as envisaged by him for his projected "municipal asylum" or "city asylum". However, all efforts in this direction were quashed in 1868 by a majority decision on the part of psychiatrics in favour of large-scale lunatic asyluma located far away from the densely populated areas. At the turn of the century, social awareness again began to grow; the asylums were overcrowded; and costs had risen tremendously. This resulted in building up a non-institutionalised "open service and care" for the insane. On the one hand, it was an outpatient care system in close co-operation with the asylum, i.e. the patients were looked up in their homes (Erlangen Model), whereas in several big cities the community Public Health Office was responsible for such psychiatric care (Gelsenkirchen Model). In the German Republic that existed from 1919 to 1933, "open" psychiatric care was extended, and the psychiatrist who advocated it were gradually drawn into a maelstrom of a sociodarwinistic type of racialism.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3903810 TI - Zopiclone in the treatment of insomniacs of family practice. PMID- 3903812 TI - [Classical texts reread. Dannemann, A.: Construction, furnishing and organization of psychiatric municipal asylums, 1901]. PMID- 3903813 TI - Treatment of attention deficit disorder with DL-phenylalanine. AB - Nineteen patients meeting the criteria for attention deficit disorder, residual type (adult hyperactivity), were given a 2-week double-blind crossover of DL phenylalanine versus placebo. Thirteen subjects completed the study; the mean global rating of improvement approached significance as compared with placebo. A significant improvement was noted on mood and mood lability. The phenylalanine responders were then continued on open drug, but lost all positive benefits within 3 months. A later open trial of L-phenylalanine produced no clinical effect. PMID- 3903814 TI - Stress-induced recovery of fears and phobias. PMID- 3903815 TI - An attributional theory of achievement motivation and emotion. PMID- 3903816 TI - Criterion shift rule and perceptual homeostasis. PMID- 3903817 TI - Psychotherapeutic approaches to anorexia nervosa and bulimia: a selected bibliography. PMID- 3903818 TI - EMG biofeedback with college student volunteers: limitations of effects of independent variables. PMID- 3903819 TI - The stereoscopic views of Wheatstone and Brewster. PMID- 3903820 TI - Resolving discrepant results of the Wheatstone experiment. PMID- 3903821 TI - Effect of lysine vasopressin in depressed patients on mood and 24-hour rhythm of growth hormone, cortisol, melatonin and prolactin. AB - Lysine-8-vasopressin (LVP) for 10 days and in doses up to 13.5 LVP units did not significantly alter the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scores of 12 severely depressed, treatment-resistant patients who were evaluated in a double-blind crossover study. The 24-h rhythms of melatonin, cortisol, growth hormone and prolactin appeared remarkably stable over the course of repeated measurement. LVP administration did not affect these 24-h rhythms. PMID- 3903822 TI - Sex steroids and affect in the surgical menopause: a double-blind, cross-over study. AB - The effect of estrogen and/or androgen on mood in surgically menopausal women was investigated with a prospective, double-blind, cross-over design. Oophorectomized women who received either estrogen (E), androgen (A), or a combined estrogen androgen preparation (E-A) parenterally attained lower depression scores during both treatment phases compared to a placebo group (PL), coincident with their higher plasma estrogen and testosterone levels. When steroids were withdrawn, depression scores of all oophorectomized women were significantly higher than those of a hysterectomized control group with intact ovaries (CON). The A group also had higher hostility scores than the E, PL, and CON groups. These data provide evidence of a covariation between circulating levels of estrogen and testosterone and certain affects in healthy women. PMID- 3903823 TI - Behavior, blood pressure variability, and hypertension. PMID- 3903824 TI - Effects of repeated ambulatory ECG monitoring and relaxation practice on premature ventricular contractions. AB - Ten patients with premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) were studied to assess the effects of adaptation and relaxation practice on arrhythmia frequency. They had 48 hr of ambulatory ECG monitoring on three occasions: 1) at entry into the study; 2) 4 wk later, after no intervention; and 3) after 4 wk of practicing the relaxation response. Results showed a significant decrease in PVC frequency from the first to the second monitoring, i.e., before relaxation practice. Of eight patients who completed the third monitoring, only three showed a decline in PVC frequency below baseline levels. The group as a whole showed an increase in PVC frequency with relaxation practice, although this was not statistically significant. These findings suggest that there is an important adaptational effect to repeated ambulatory ECG monitoring in PVC patients--namely, a decrease in arrhythmia frequency. Relaxation practice did not produce any clear effect for the overall group. PMID- 3903826 TI - Removable partial denture reconstruction. PMID- 3903827 TI - Reinforcement of fractured posterior teeth with bonded composite resin restorations. PMID- 3903825 TI - Collagen and collagen gene disorders. PMID- 3903828 TI - Pressure indicators--a useful diagnostic aid. PMID- 3903829 TI - Utilization of resin bonded retainers in free end saddle cases. PMID- 3903830 TI - [Polycenter evaluation of the break-point system]. AB - Several research center have been set up to evaluate the system that deals with sensitivity to microbes under Sensititre break-point. The study has been broken down as follows: the break-point system was compared with the agar diffusion according to Bauer et al., using 1180 strains of fast-growing Gram-negative bacteria; a limited number of strains (176) have been used to compare the Sensititre break-point and the Sensititre MIC; results have been obtained testing 448 strains processed by break-point with correct inoculum and with simplified inoculum, from a colony; an investigation has been carried out on the time and cost of the break-point functioning. Having taken the Bauer system and others are compared them with the break-point, it was seen that their total agreement was 90.3% with 2% of major disagreement. The total major disagreement between Sensititre MIC and Sensititre break-point was 2.7%. The total major disagreement of the latter was largely the result of cephalotin (21%) on the Escherichia coli strains. An initial research centre has been formed to try to trow light upon the origins of such disagreements and we are now pleased to report back their initial findings. The preparation and reading of a test with the Bauer system and others takes about 18 minutes and costs 5600 Lit; a break-point test takes 10 minutes and costs 4500 Lit. PMID- 3903831 TI - [Clinical and experimental research on some toothpastes]. AB - Authors assayed in vitro 9 toothpastes (signed A to I) against 8 types of microorganisms. Toothpaste D yielded best results, toothpastes A and B shown no antibacterial power; the other ones had intermediate degrees of effectiveness. Authors also performed an in vivo study testing 3 toothpastes on to 5 healthy volunteers, but results are not statistically significant. PMID- 3903832 TI - [Characteristics of a new colorimetric test for the rapid screening of bacteriuria compared to the traditional culture method]. AB - Eight hundred eighty five samples of urine sent for culture were examined at the same time with BDD Ortho. In a smaller amount (348) of these samples a microscopic examination of urine sediment was also carried out. Results obtained allow the authors to state that BDD is a good instrument for the screening of bacteriurias. PMID- 3903833 TI - Alteration of nuclear diameter of murine lymphocytes upon the effect of X irradiation in vivo. PMID- 3903834 TI - Contribution to some radiobiological aspects of the investigation of chemical radiosensitizers of hypoxic cells. II. Protective action of the induced hypoxia of bone marrow against the lethal effect of acute whole body irradiation in rats. PMID- 3903835 TI - Contribution to some radiobiological aspects of the investigation of chemical radiosensitizers of hypoxic cells. III. Radiosensitizing action of metronidazole on lethality using the model of ischaemized bone marrow in rats. PMID- 3903836 TI - Effect of whole-body gamma radiation on tissue sulphydryl contents in experimental rats. PMID- 3903837 TI - Liv. 52 protection against radiation induced lesions in mammalian liver. PMID- 3903839 TI - Symposium on new imaging technology: pitfalls and controversies. PMID- 3903838 TI - Liv. 52 protection against radiation induced abnormalities on mammalian prenatal development. PMID- 3903840 TI - Evaluation of pulmonary embolism. AB - Pulmonary embolism is a common disease entity that is difficult to diagnose accurately by noninvasive methods. Ventilation-perfusion is a pivotal study in the evaluation of patients with suspected pulmonary embolism. The role of standard and newer modalities in evaluating pulmonary embolism is discussed in this article. PMID- 3903842 TI - Breast imaging: pitfalls, controversies, and some practical thoughts. AB - Early detection of breast cancer by mammography depends on the production of excellent images and competent interpretation. Some of the more important pitfalls encountered with and controversies about mammography are presented in this article. In many cases, the radiologist is unable to declare whether the mammogram is unequivocally normal or abnormal and instead should aid the clinician in formulating rational management options for the woman. Practical options for some of these very complicated problems are proposed. PMID- 3903841 TI - Controversies in computed tomography of the thorax. The pulmonary nodule--lung cancer staging. AB - In this article, the role of CT in the evaluation of pulmonary nodules and lung cancer staging is reviewed. Points of controversy are specifically addressed. Whenever possible, a practical approach based on current knowledge is suggested. PMID- 3903843 TI - Hepatic imaging: current status. AB - The radiologist needs to be aware of the varied appearance of hepatic mass lesions and be prepared to recommend the most cost-effective imaging approach. In this article, the authors discuss their hepatic imaging experience, common pitfalls, and current recommendations. PMID- 3903844 TI - Controversies in the radiologic diagnosis of pelvic malignancies. AB - Although vast differences exist among the many pelvic malignancies, several unifying concepts emerge from this discussion. First, there is a different role for diagnostic imaging for each type of pelvic malignancy. The radiologist should be aware that although the radiographic findings may be similar, the clinical impact varies greatly with a particular tumor. Second, although clinical staging is notoriously inaccurate, nevertheless diagnostic imaging techniques only improve upon but do not replace it because of false-positive and false-negative results. Third, because of the high false-negative rates of most of the modalities in use, negative studies do not in fact rule out the presence of disease. A surgical procedure may still be needed. Finally, several new techniques, including MRI and transrectal or transurethral ultrasound, may improve the accuracy rates. These developments will probably further enliven the controversies surrounding the radiologic evaluation of pelvic malignancies. PMID- 3903845 TI - Duplex ultrasonography: its expanding role in noninvasive vascular diagnosis. AB - Duplex scanning is only beginning to achieve widespread acceptance. On the positive side, it offers anatomic and physiologic information that cannot be obtained by any other method. The examination is totally noninvasive and is well accepted by both patients and referring physicians. The accuracy in the carotid bifurcation, the only area adequately investigated thus far, is quite good in comparison with arteriography, but the exact relationship between arteriography and duplex scanning in the carotid system demands further investigation. Duplex scanning is also cost-effective, and judicious use of the modality may considerably lessen the cost of a frequently expensive cerebrovascular evaluation. On the negative side, duplex scanning is extremely operator-dependent and is difficult to master effectively. At this time, few institutions or companies even offer the novice a place to learn and make their early mistakes out of sight. Limitations of the technique also exist. This is particularly problematic in the head, where the cerebral vasculature is not generally accessible to the ultrasound beam. Areas of stenosis contained within dense calcific plaque may also be completely hidden, and as already discussed, the deep abdominal vessels, particularly the iliac arteries, are not visible in an unacceptable number of patients. These technical limitations, however, may be circumvented; authors are already seeking sonic portals into the brain. Scanning from multiple vantage points usually overcomes the problem of acoustic shadowing from calcific plaque, and newer ultrasound technology may facilitate penetration of the sound beam deep into the abdomen. Overall, duplex sonography holds great promise for the future and may be destined to completely change the face of noninvasive vascular diagnosis. PMID- 3903846 TI - The non-invasive vascular laboratories: where should they go? PMID- 3903847 TI - [Spondylitis--spondylodiscitis. Pathologico-anatomical morphology and diagnostic problems]. AB - Inflammatory disorders of the spine usually develop in the medullary space of the vertebral bodies, and this clinical picture is identified as spondylitis. If the inflammation involves the intervertebral disk as well as adjacent vertebrae, this lesion is defined as spondylodiscitis. Spondylitis may be brought about by several causes which should be diagnostically clearly defined in order to introduce a suitable therapy. In many cases, no conclusions can be drawn from the radiological structures alone with respect to the underlying disease, an additional biopsy investigation (e.g., by a needle puncture) is therefore required. Most infections conditions of spondylitis represent histologically either an acute, purulent or a chronic, unspecific osteomyelitis. The causative germs are determined by simultaneous bacteriological investigation. The biopsy material of specific spondylitis shows typical histological granulomas which, together with the bacteriological findings, will allow a precise diagnosis to be established. Both spondylitis and spondylodiscitis may also be produced by fungi that can be histologically identified. Parasites (e.g., Echinococci) may also be recognized histologically. In spondylitis of unknown etiology the histological structures do not have a pathognomonic appearance, and therefore clinical and radiological findings should be included in the diagnosis. Diagnostic problems will only be solved by considering a synthesis of all findings. PMID- 3903848 TI - [Cervical discitis, spondylitis and spondylodiscitis in chronic polyarthritis]. AB - All varieties of inflammatory rheumatoid arthritis may involve the cervical spine. After progressive destruction and narrowing of the intervertebral disks, spondylitis and spondylodiscitis results in subluxation and fusion of vertebral bodies and square anterior corners. These varieties of vertebral body involvements are described. PMID- 3903849 TI - [Nonvisualization of the gallbladder lumen by sonography]. AB - Out of 12 000 sonographic examinations of the abdomen in 211 cases the gallbladder was not visualized. The retrospective analysis of 41 patients revealed in 75% gallstones, in 15% space occupying lesions (4 carcinomas, 1 abscess, 1 sludge). In 10% the sonography gave a false positive result. The reasons are discussed. PMID- 3903850 TI - [Present status and limits of sonography in the diagnosis of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis]. AB - Ultrasound studies of 46 infants with clinically suspected hypertrophic pyloric stenosis and of a control group of 30 infants were performed. The value and the limits of ultrasound in the diagnosis of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, and the indications for upper gastrointestinal studies are discussed. Criteria for the ultrasound diagnosis of pyloric stenosis are established. PMID- 3903851 TI - Cumulative index 1981-1985, Volumes 138-157. AB - This cumulative index also includes listings of all major papers from the American Journal of Neuroradiology, American Journal of Roentgenology, Clinics in Diagnostic Ultrasound, Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography, Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine, RadioGraphics, Radiologic Clinics of North America, Seminars in Nuclear Medicine, Seminars in Roentgenology, and Seminars in Ultrasound, CT and MR. PMID- 3903852 TI - Pleural effusion following liver transplantation. AB - The postoperative chest radiographs of 11 patients who underwent 14 orthotopic liver transplantations were reviewed. Pleural effusions occurred on the right side in all patients and on the left side in four. The effusions were unrelated to primary cardiovascular disease and usually asymptomatic. They were transudates and resolved spontaneously. PMID- 3903853 TI - The infant hip: assessment with real-time US. AB - Real-time ultrasonography (US) of the infant hip provides an accurate image of anatomic relationships as well as valuable information concerning function. US clearly images the cartilaginous femoral head and enables accurate assessment of hip size, shape, and symmetry. The dynamic relationship of the cartilaginous head to the acetabulum is clearly defined, and instability, subluxation, and dislocation can be demonstrated. The size, shape, and position of the hip can be monitored with the infant in a spica cast, brace, or harness. Findings of 212 sonograms of infant hips were correlated with those of radiography, orthopedic examination, or both. There were no false-negative or false-positive results among infants with congenital hip dysplasia, and, to the authors' knowledge, US revealed anatomic details more accurately than any other currently employed imaging modality, including computed tomography. PMID- 3903854 TI - The infant hip: real-time US assessment of acetabular development. AB - Until recently, radiography was the only available means of assessing acetabular development in infants with congenital hip dysplasia. Now that real-time ultrasonography (US) is successfully employed to determine hip position in infancy, it also offers an alternative method for evaluating acetabular development. In a review of 377 US studies of infant hips, the coronal-flexion images, which show a coronal section of the acetabulum with the hip in flexion, were measured to determine the percentage of the femoral head that was covered. Radiographs were measured to determine the acetabular index (angle). Acetabuli with indices exceeding the normal range for the subject's age showed head coverage of less than 33%. The 51 sonograms in this category were all associated with clinical abnormalities, whereas the 107 with coverage greater than 58% were associated with no clinical abnormalities and with consistently normal acetabular indices. The use of US in assessing acetabular development warrants continued investigation. PMID- 3903855 TI - Cardiac transplantations in dogs: evaluation with MR. AB - To assess the potential of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging as an early predictor of cardiac transplant rejection, electrocardiogram-gated (ECG-gated) MR imaging was performed in 12 dogs with heterotopic cardiac transplants. Twenty-two examinations were performed in vivo, and ten postmortem examinations were performed immediately after the dogs were killed. Examinations were performed from 3 days to 14 weeks after transplantation. A 0.35-T superconducting magnet was used with the spin-echo pulse sequence. There was a significant increase (P less than .02 to P less than .001) in T2 relaxation times and intensity values for the transplanted hearts compared with native hearts at all time intervals after transplantation. T1 relaxation times of native and transplanted hearts showed no significant difference on the in vivo ECG-gated studies. However, T1 values calculated on post-mortem studies were significantly longer (P less than .005) in the transplanted compared with the native hearts. With longer pulse repetition and echo delay times, there was an increase in the contrast between the rejecting transplanted heart and the native heart. Thus, ECG-gated MR imaging using the spin-echo technique displays cardiac allograft rejection in vivo. The rejected myocardium in vivo is characterized by a prolonged T2 relaxation time. PMID- 3903856 TI - Human fetal anatomy: MR imaging. AB - Twenty-four pregnant women carrying 26 fetuses (two sets of twins) were imaged with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging at 0.35 T following sonographic evaluation. Each study was retrospectively evaluated to determine which of 33 normal fetal structures were visible on the images and which imaging parameters were most useful for depicting fetal anatomy. Fetal motion degraded fetal images in all but two cases, both with oligohydramnios and in the third trimester of gestation. Nevertheless, many fetal structures were identifiable, particularly in the third trimester. Visualization of fetal anatomy improved with intravenous maternal sedation in five cases. Relatively T1-weighted images occasionally offered the advantage of less image degradation owing to fetal motion and improved contrast between different fetal structures. More T2 weighting was believed to be advantageous in one case for outlining the fetal head and in one case for delineation of the brain. In many cases, structures were similarly identifiable (though with different signal intensities) regardless of the parameters selected. The authors conclude that MR imaging of many fetal structures is currently unsatisfactory and is probably of limited value, particularly in the first and second trimesters. However, the relative frequency and detail with which the fetal head and liver can be depicted indicate that these may be areas for further investigation, and the potential utility of imaging fetal fat warrants further investigation. PMID- 3903857 TI - Budd-Chiari syndrome: US evaluation. AB - Twelve patients with proved Budd-Chiari syndrome (eight acute and four chronic cases) were examined, using real-time ultrasonography (US). In all acute cases, US study showed at least one hepatic vein with findings suggestive of the syndrome, such as stenosis, dilatation, thick wall echoes, thrombosis, abnormal course, or extrahepatic anastomosis. In chronic cases, hepatic veins were usually not visible. Modifications of liver morphology were present in all patients except those with recent onset of the disease. Caudate lobe hypertrophy was present in only six cases. US study is therefore the procedure of choice for initial diagnosis of acute Budd-Chiari syndrome. Pitfalls were the failure to detect two caval thromboses and one hepatic vein web. Cavography should still be performed systematically, but hepatic phlebography is useful in selected cases only. PMID- 3903858 TI - Uterine perforation and embedding by intrauterine device: evaluation by US and hysterography. AB - Uterine perforation and deep embedding by an intrauterine device (IUD) require exact determination of its location as a necessary step to safe and effective retrieval. Six cases of uterine perforation and four of embedding by an IUD were studied with ultrasonography (US) and hysterography. While US findings suggested the correct diagnosis of perforation in five of the six cases, hysterography yielded more exact diagnostic information. Deep embedding could only be diagnosed with hysterography. A classification of the types of perforation and an algorithm for diagnosing ectopic IUD are presented. Undue reliance on the sonographic appearance of an IUD in the center of the uterine image may lead to hazardous attempts at transvaginal removal of a device that is partly intramural. In this study, hysterography offered the most precise diagnostic information. PMID- 3903859 TI - Experimental acute tubular necrosis: US appearance. AB - Dichromate-induced acute tubular necrosis (ATN) was created in 16 experimental animals and compared with four controls. An increase in cortical echogenicity, greatest on days 4 and 7 after injection, was noted using both histogram analysis and blinded observer readings. These findings closely correlated with proportional outer cortical blood flow. Good interobserver correlation was noted. Based on this experiment, clinical observations, and the literature, we propose that three different entities with different sonographic appearances are included under the term ATN. Drug-induced nephrotoxicity is associated with increased cortical echogenicity; ischemic ATN leads to no change in cortical echogenicity with normal medullary echogenicity; and precipitation of Tamm-Horsfall protein in the pyramids leads to echogenic pyramids with normal cortical echogenicity. PMID- 3903860 TI - Videodensitometric quantitation of stenosis: in vitro and in vivo validation. AB - Percentage of stenosis of a vascular lumen was quantitated using a digital subtraction angiography system with videodensitometric analysis. To validate the algorithm and methods, we used precisely drilled Lucite rods of three inner diameters and various reduced diameters to give known luminal reduction. Both in vitro and in vivo results of stenosis measurements resulted in an excellent correlation between actual and measured values (correlation coefficient greater than 0.9 for all trials). Consistent underestimation of stenosis of about 5% was attributed to the various image degradations inherent with the imaging procedure and equipment. Errors were greatest with midrange stenoses and less at the extremes of the lesion values. An insufficient signal-to-noise ratio was caused by low photon flux and/or low contrast material concentration and overlying vasculature filled with contrast material. Overall, the videodensitometric technique is accurate, easy to implement, objective, and relatively free of errors associated with the geometric/edge detection method. PMID- 3903861 TI - Computer-processed subtraction arthrography. AB - We describe a film subtraction method using computer processing. The computer processed subtraction arthrograms in 16 cases were compared with conventional photographic subtraction. Although the computer reduced image resolution, it presented significant advantages over photographic film subtraction, including faster access to subtraction, optimal superimposition of mask and postinjection films by the radiologists, reduction of artifacts, and time saved. PMID- 3903862 TI - Re: Renal parenchyma in infancy and childhood: US characteristics. PMID- 3903863 TI - Calcium-entry blockers: a review of their basic and clinical pharmacology and therapeutic applications. PMID- 3903864 TI - Digital angiography: the implementation of computer technology for cardiovascular imaging. PMID- 3903865 TI - Veterans Administration Cooperative Study of medical versus surgical treatment for stable angina--progress report. Section 1. Historic perspective. PMID- 3903866 TI - Veterans Administration Cooperative Study of medical versus surgical treatment for stable angina--progress report. Section 2. Design and baseline characteristics. PMID- 3903867 TI - Veterans Administration Cooperative Study of medical versus surgical treatment for stable angina--progress report. Section 3. Left main coronary artery disease. PMID- 3903868 TI - Veterans Administration Cooperative Study of medical versus surgical treatment for stable angina--progress report. Section 4. Long-term survival results in medically and surgically randomized patients. PMID- 3903869 TI - [Chloroplast genomes in parasexual hybrid plants]. PMID- 3903870 TI - [Activation of storage protein receptors by ecdysone]. PMID- 3903871 TI - [Biotechnology using hybrid proteins--applications to biology and medicine]. PMID- 3903872 TI - Fabrication of an artificial saliva reservoir denture system for xerostomia management. PMID- 3903873 TI - Major connectors for removable partial dentures (II). PMID- 3903874 TI - Fundamental principles in the fabrication of a ceramic fixed partial denture: fabrication of the framework (I). PMID- 3903875 TI - The resin bonded cast mesh bridge. PMID- 3903876 TI - A magnetically retained sectional prosthesis for the rehabilitation of the maxillectomy patient. PMID- 3903877 TI - Design of proteolytically-stable, peptidal renin inhibitors and determination of their fate in vivo. PMID- 3903878 TI - [Molecular mechanisms of induced mutations]. PMID- 3903879 TI - The use of epidemiology, scientific data, and regulatory authority to determine risk factors in cancer of some organs of the digestive system. 2. Esophageal cancer. AB - The epidemiologic aspects of esophageal cancer are well known. The extreme geographical variations in incidence of the disease, the variability in the sex ratio, and the secular trends have been described frequently. The etiology of cancer of the esophagus is known to be complex and composed of multiple factors, those caused by the environment being of greatest importance. The disease preferentially attacks groups with a low socioeconomic status or those hindered by poverty. The esophageal cancer belt has been frequently studied to provide clues to the etiology of esophageal cancer but no definite culprit has yet been found. The majority of the factors so far implicated in cancer of the esophagus appear to act directly on the esophagus rather than systemically. This is an unusual situation in that it enables the disease to be prevented by primary means. There appears to be an enormous disparity in the etiology of the disease among various countries. This disparity may be more apparent than real if the epidemiologic data are interpreted to mean that there is a two-stage process involved, with multiple etiologies for each stage. If we assume that nutritional deficiencies, even subtle ones, predispose the esophagus to influence by carcinogenic substances, the geographic differences fade. Nutritional deficiencies can develop by chronic alcohol use as well as by poverty and lack of an adequate food supply, but diet does not explain the whole picture. External carcinogens are necessary to effect the end result. The culprit may be tobacco in one culture and fungal elements in another. The South African studies which showed an association with tobacco and not alcohol could be explained if we assume that the population's nutritional deficiencies already predisposed the esophagus for the effect of an external carcinogen, thereby making alcohol usage superfluous. It would be helpful if the relationship between esophagitis and nutritional status were elucidated and if it were determined that the condition could be improved or eliminated by dietary factors. The association between nutrition and esophagitis may suggest methods of primary prevention of esophageal cancer and provide a chance of lowering the incidence of this deadly disease. PMID- 3903880 TI - Zeranol and 17 beta-estradiol: a critical review of the toxicological properties when used as anabolic agents. PMID- 3903881 TI - The induction of bladder stones by terephthalic acid, dimethyl terephthalate, and melamine (2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine) and its relevance to risk assessment. AB - Terephthalic acid (TPA), dimethyl terephthalate (DMT), and melamine (MA) induced calculi and transitional cell hyperplasia in urinary bladders of rats. A high incidence of calculi was induced in weanling rats, but the incidence was much lower in adult rats ingesting the same dietary concentration of the chemical. The dose-response curves for the induction of urolithiasis in weanling rats were extremely steep, consistent with the fact that the formation calculi can occur in urine that is supersaturated, but not in urine that is undersaturated with respect to the stone components. In the cases of TPA and DMT, stones were composed primarily of calcium terephthalate (CaTPA). By determining the solubility of CaTPA, the concentration of TPA that would be required to achieve urinary saturation was calculated, and a conservative estimate of the amount of TPA or DMT that would have to be absorbed in order to induce calculi was derived. TPA and MA induced bladder tumors in rats in chronic feeding studies. However, it is likely that these tumors were secondary to the development of calculi. TPA and MA are apparently nongenotoxic, and they do not appear to be metabolized. Increased cell replication in the urothelium of the bladder caused by chronic physical injury was probably a major factor in the mechanism of induction of bladder tumors by bladder stones. Bladder neoplasms occurred primarily in the high dose groups, and they were usually, although not invariably, associated with stones. The possibility that stones were passed or were lost during processing of tissues for histopathologic examination could explain the absence of calculi from some of the neoplastic bladders. The formation of bladder calculi is an example of a threshold effect. Although there is strong evidence linking bladder stones with the induction of tumors, the existence of thresholds in chemical carcinogenesis continues to be controversial. A decision by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency concerning the levels of MA allowed to occur in the food chain indicates that data regarding thresholds, even in the case of urolithiasis, are not being utilized in the risk assessment process. PMID- 3903882 TI - [Renal echography as a preliminary to the urographic study. Considerations on 839 cases and proposals]. AB - The same radiologist, on 839 patients who were to be subjected to urography, did also preliminary ultrasonography in order to have at his disposal a greater amount of informations than those furnished by a simple abdominal X-ray. The clinical-radiological integration with such a procedure gains significance; consequently the succeeding urographic phases can be better arranged so as to improve their aim and purpose. PMID- 3903883 TI - [Small fat-containing focal renal lesions: echographic and CT aspects]. AB - The discovery of a small fat-containing intraparenchymal renal mass on ultrasonography (US) or computed tomography (CT) poses a problem in diagnosis and patient management. Small lipomas of the kidney were detected by ultrasonography and CT in seven patients. In all patients the lesions were found by chance. No patients underwent surgery. These fat-containing nodules are not an uncommon finding at routine autopsy. Follow-up studies showed no change in the size of the lesions. These lesions do not show growth and surgical intervention does not seem to be indicated. This report demonstrates the capability of US and CT in the detection and diagnosis of these small islands of fat-containing tissue within the renal parenchyma. PMID- 3903884 TI - [Multidisciplinary radiological diagnosis of hepatic angioma in cancer patients]. AB - 72 cases of hepatic angioma were examined. These were occasionally found during control investigations of patients treated for extrahepatic primary cancer, or revealed by ultrasound studies of patients not supposed to be affected by cancer. Prospective comparison in 18 cases was made between echotomographic, tomodensitometric and angiographic findings with purpose of pointing out possible correlations between the X-ray images and the anatomopathological pictures. Finally, the best diagnostic procedure was established for suspected hepatic angioma, in both a cancerous and a non cancerous patients. PMID- 3903885 TI - [French Society of Orthopedic and Traumatologic Surgery. Membership list]. PMID- 3903886 TI - [Epidemic toxic syndrome. Evaluation from the point of view of clinical epidemiology]. PMID- 3903887 TI - [Primary hyperparathyroidism]. PMID- 3903888 TI - [Cyclosporin A]. PMID- 3903889 TI - [Sudden death in the sportsman]. PMID- 3903890 TI - [Dilated cardiomyopathy]. PMID- 3903891 TI - P-technique comes of age. Multivariate, replicated, single-subject designs for research on older adults. PMID- 3903892 TI - An individual differences perspective. Implications for cognitive research in gerontology. PMID- 3903893 TI - Aging and mental health. Distinguishing myth from reality. PMID- 3903894 TI - Inhibition of rat liver glutathione S-transferases by piriprost: kinetics of the inhibition and preliminary evidence that piriprost may be a poor alternative substrate for these enzymes. AB - The administration of tritiated piriprost, an inhibitor of leukotriene formation, to rats resulted in its rapid excretion. Some 90 percent of the initial dose was excreted in the feces and only five to six percent were recovered in the urine, regardless of the route of administration of the compound. The finding of significant, though low, residual activity in the liver even seven days after dosing (0.016 and 0.072% of dose in orally and iv-treated animals, respectively) suggested that piriprost may be bound by proteins in liver which play a role in detoxification. The finding that piriprost is a potent inhibitor of several partially purified cytosolic liver glutathione S-transferases ( EC 2.5.1.18) is consistent with this suspicion. Kinetic studies indicate that the inhibition may be competitive with the chromogenic substrate, chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (Ki 1-2 microM) and non-competitive with respect to glutathione when the second substrate was present at saturating concentration. Incubation of one to four micromolar radiolabeled tritiated piriprost with glutathione resulted in the gradual formation of a series of products which could be detected by high pressure liquid chromatography. The formation of these products was stimulated by the presence of glutathione S-transferase although the same products were also formed in the absence of the enzyme. PMID- 3903895 TI - Identification of possible calcium dependent antigens in lithium diiodosalicylate extraction of group A, type 12 streptococcal cell membranes. AB - Group A, type 12 streptococcal cell membranes were extracted by aqueous lithium diiodosalicylate (LIS) and the extract treated with trifluorotrichloroethane (Genetron). An initial component was isolated (GLCM) which was soluble in aqueous buffer, but was heavily contaminated with LIS. Dialysis of GLCM vs. 0.01 M Tris EDTA (TE) buffer yielded a weakly antigenic component, TE-GLCM, with negligible contamination by LIS. Subsequent dialysis of TE-GLCM vs. isotonic calcium chloride produced two fractions, a soluble one (CMS) and a precipitate (CMP). It was demonstrated that CMS possessed immunological characteristics distinct from TE-GLCM and CMP. CMS was shown to be a calcium dependent antigen, and immunologically related to human glomerular basement membrane (GBM) antigens. PMID- 3903896 TI - Collagens, laminin, fibronectin, and cytoskeletal composition of cells in syngeneic aortal vein grafts in the rat. AB - The supradiaphragmatic vena cava of the rat was transplanted to the abdominal aorta in syngeneic recipients. The cells and the connective tissue matrix of these grafts were studied 3 days to 12 weeks after transplantation by immunofluorescence staining of the cytoskeletal proteins desmin, vimentin, and myosin. The matrix proteins, collagen Types I and III, laminin, fibronectin, and fibrin(ogen) were similarly demonstrated. Blood coagulation Factor VIII was used as a marker for endothelial cells. Inflammatory cells invaded the graft during Week 1, but later on the grafts were crowded with cells containing vimentin. Intimal thickenings developed already after 1 week. Smooth muscle cells containing desmin proliferated in these thickenings. After transplantation collagen Type I increased in the graft, but collagen Type III rather decreased. During the phase of intense proliferation of smooth muscle cells the media contained a rich matrix of diffusely distributed laminin. The laminin of older grafts was confined mostly to the subintimal zone and to the intimal plaques. PMID- 3903897 TI - Unusual position of a chest tube with elevation of the contralateral hemidiaphragm. AB - We present a patient with emphysema and a right-sided pneumothorax in whom a chest tube was inadvertently positioned in the lower portion of the right major fissure. The tube migrated across the midsaggital plane, resulting in left shoulder pain with elevation of the left hemidiaphragm. Malfunctioning of the tube did not result, and following its removal the diaphragm returned to its original position. PMID- 3903898 TI - Bronchial provocation tests with RAST-standardized allergens and dosimetric technique. AB - 58 patients with proven allergic asthma (positive prick and RAST) were challenged with allergen extracts dosed in RAST arbitrary units; 14 of them were rechallenged after some months to evaluate the reproducibility of results; 41 underwent also a nonspecific challenge with methacholine. The results of the specific bronchial provocation test were well reproducible, with similar coefficients of variation for both early and late reactions. The specific bronchial provocation test was found to be more related to the allergic status, as reflected by specific IgE levels, than to nonspecific bronchial hyperreactivity, as reflected by response to methacholine. PMID- 3903899 TI - [Role of prostacyclin in the brain]. PMID- 3903900 TI - [Role of prostacyclin in pulmonary diseases]. PMID- 3903901 TI - [Prostacyclin in cardiovascular diseases]. PMID- 3903902 TI - [Prostacyclin therapy of peripheral artery disease]. PMID- 3903903 TI - [Vasodilator effects of intravenous isosorbide dinitrate in patients with heart failure--multi-center studies]. PMID- 3903904 TI - Diabetic control in community care. The use of clinical evaluation and hemoglobin A1. AB - Diabetic control was evaluated in 50 consecutive patients attending a community care centre, either by clinical criteria or by determination of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1). Two methods used for the determination of HbA1 were found to give similar results, namely ion exchange chromatography and agar gel electrophoresis. On a group basis, good correlation was observed between HbA1 samples analysed prior to and following the elimination of the labile HbA1 fraction. When comparing three treatment modes (diet alone, hypoglycemic agents or insulin), no significant differences in HbA1 levels were noted. Patients considered to have satisfactory and poor control had significantly higher HbA1 levels than those considered to have good control, while no differences were seen between those considered to have satisfactory or poor control. It is concluded that the methods described for the determination of HbA1 yield similar results. Clinical evaluation of diabetic control is reliable in patients classified to have good or poor control. However, in many patients who are considered to have satisfactory control, regular determinations of HbA1 provide valuable additional information. PMID- 3903905 TI - Diagnostic value of clinical examination, direct microscopy, and culture in the Gardnerella vaginalis syndrome. AB - In a general practice 467 women aged 15-49 years with vaginal discharge were consecutively examined in order to compare the diagnostic value in the Gardnerella vaginalis syndrome of the clinical examination, direct microscopy of the vaginal secretion, and culture. We found significant correlations between all relevant combinations of the diagnostic methods. The predictive value of a positive test for the clinical examination, the microscopy, and the clinical examination combined with microscopy, respectively, was 0.75, 0.89 and 0.90, whereas the predictive values of the negative test were 0.59, 0.72 and 0.61, respectively. Because even small numbers of Gardnerella vaginalis may yield growth on selective culture media, the clinical examination and the microscopy are often negative despite positive culture. To avoid overtreatment of a benign condition we therefore conclude that the presence of a characteristic clinical picture and positive microscopy constitute a safe basis for the diagnosis of the Gardnerella vaginalis syndrome, and that the diagnosis should be based on this combination or on the fulfilment of three of the following four criteria: 1) characteristic vaginal secretion; 2) vaginal pH greater than 4.5; 3) positive potassium hydroxide test or characteristic herring-brine smell, and 4) clue cells at microscopy. With the present methods culture for Gardnerella vaginalis should not routinely be performed, until the value of quantitated methods has been proved. Coexistence of other microorganisms rendered the diagnosis difficult. We recommend to treat the most predominant infection first. PMID- 3903906 TI - Treatment of the Gardnerella vaginalis syndrome. A controlled, double-blind study comparing pivampicillin and metronidazole. AB - A double-blind, randomized, therapeutic study was carried out in 289 patients with vaginal discharge and growth of Gardnerella vaginalis (GV) and no growth of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Trichomonas vaginalis or Candida. Treatment consisted of either pivampicillin (Pondocillin), 700 mg twice daily for seven days, or metronidazole, 500 mg twice daily for seven days. The effect was evaluated on the basis of the patient's statement and on the result of culture for GV immediately after end of treatment. Evaluated from the culture results metronidazole was significantly more effective than pivampicillin in eradicating GV. The efficacy of the two medications was 69% and 54%, respectively. The evaluations by the patients in the two groups, on the other hand, did not differ significantly, although there was a tendency to consider metronidazole as the most effective. Metronidazole must be considered the most potent drug today, and we recommend it as the medication of choice, provided that the diagnosis is confirmed by the clinical picture and microscopy and not only by culture. PMID- 3903907 TI - Prognostic factors from a randomized clinical trial in resected lung cancer. AB - Prognostic information has three main uses: prediction of the course of evolution of disease, decisions about treatment and limitation of complementary tests. Using data from a randomized controlled clinical trial of immunotherapy in resected lung cancer, we identified factors of prognostic importance. In particular we demonstrated that a time-consuming and expensive cell-mediated immunity test is not of prognostic value. Our cooperative group decided to cancel this test in the routine examination of patients with resected lung cancer. Disease stage was confirmed as the main prognostic factor. PMID- 3903908 TI - Critical discussion of the assessment of a three-stage prognostic classification for chronic lymphocytic leukemia. AB - A study of the prognosis of two series of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients (99 from a retrospective series and 196 from a prospective series) has led us to propose a three-stage classification (A, B, C), requiring only a clinical examination and a haemogram. For stage A patients (comprising 50% of the CLL patients), survival rates are similar to those in the French general population of the same age and sex; median survival time is six years for stage B patients (comprising 35% of CLL) and two years for stage C patients (comprising 15%). Several methodological difficulties were encountered with the data and the statistical strategy, and these are discussed. The staging system has been justified, since the results have now been confirmed in four other series, totalling 611 CLL patients. PMID- 3903909 TI - Knowledge based expert systems for medical diagnosis. AB - Knowledge based expert systems' have been developed in the last decade for many different applications by adopting artificial intelligence techniques. The paper discusses the main characteristics of the expert systems devoted to medical diagnosis (knowledge representation, explanation capability, inexact reasoning) and addresses some of the limitations (mainly system validation and knowledge acquisition). Finally the paper sketches the overall organization of an expert system devoted to the evaluation of liver function. PMID- 3903910 TI - [On the ancient use of "scalping" as a cure for ocular disorders]. PMID- 3903911 TI - [Sampling technics for diagnostic purposes in pneumopathies]. PMID- 3903912 TI - [Allergologic diagnosis in bronchial asthma]. PMID- 3903913 TI - [Clinical aspects of bronchial asthma and the various forms of asthma]. PMID- 3903914 TI - [Abdominal sonography]. PMID- 3903915 TI - [Interventional sonography]. PMID- 3903916 TI - [Diagnosis of liver hemangioma using sonographically guided puncture]. PMID- 3903917 TI - [Diseases of the choledochus--analysis of 50 cases]. PMID- 3903918 TI - [A brief history of animal experimentation and the controversy it has aroused]. PMID- 3903919 TI - [Diagnosis of monoarthritis]. PMID- 3903920 TI - [Anemia in rheumatoid arthritis. II. Morphofunctional characteristics of the erythron during lymphocytoplasmapheresis]. PMID- 3903921 TI - [Preventive therapy of gout attacks]. PMID- 3903922 TI - [Rheumatoid factors during controlled krizanol treatment of rheumatoid arthritis patients]. PMID- 3903923 TI - [Clinical characteristics of rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthropathy from the comparative viewpoint]. PMID- 3903924 TI - [Dispensary care of rheumatoid arthritis patients]. PMID- 3903925 TI - [Prevention of systemic vasculitis and patient dispensary care]. PMID- 3903926 TI - [Contribution of Soviet physicians and medical scientists to the victory of the Soviet people in World War II 1941-1945]. PMID- 3903927 TI - [Disability in systemic vasculitis]. PMID- 3903928 TI - [A new basic agent, prospidin, in the therapy of rheumatoid arthritis. Research on its clinical effectiveness in a controlled and double-blind trial]. PMID- 3903929 TI - [Experience with polyvinylpyrrolidone treatment of patients with osteoarthrosis deformans of the knee joints]. PMID- 3903930 TI - [Immunomodulators in the therapy of rheumatoid arthritis. I. The use of thymalin]. PMID- 3903931 TI - [Use of thermography for the diagnosis of synovitis, bursitis and tendovaginitis in osteoarthrosis deformans patients]. PMID- 3903932 TI - [Natural course of the disease in patients with multiple rheumatic heart valve defects]. PMID- 3903933 TI - [Initial experience using protease inhibitors in treating Sjogren's disease and syndrome]. PMID- 3903934 TI - [Determination of antibodies to native deoxyribonucleic acid by an indirect immunofluorescent method in rheumatic diseases]. PMID- 3903936 TI - [Problems in the prevention and dispensary care of urogenital arthritis]. PMID- 3903935 TI - [Sensitization of Yersinia arthropathy patients to HLA-B27 antigen]. PMID- 3903937 TI - [So-called drug rheumatism]. PMID- 3903938 TI - Epidemiology of infection in pregnancy. AB - In this article the immunologic, clinical, and epidemiologic evidence for altered host susceptibility to infection during pregnancy is reviewed in an attempt to determine general principles that can be applied to interpret the wide range of information available and that can be utilized for epidemiologic analysis and study design. Gestational changes in immunity are related to the maternal history of infection during pregnancy. Primary infections are distinguished from recurrent infections, and the different patterns of recurrent infection in pregnancy are defined. This classification system is then used to interpret a wide range of data. The impact of infection in pregnancy on the offspring is discussed in relation to vertical transmission and pregnancy immune status: in pregnant women the clearance, if not the incidence, of infection is similar to that in nonpregnant women; maternal susceptibility to infection alters early in gestation (at less than 12 weeks); the degree of maternal recovery from early gestational infection affects vertical transmission rates; there are few data on how patterns of infection with the major tropical parasites during pregnancy relate to vertical transmission. PMID- 3903939 TI - Review of Pseudomonas aeruginosa meningitis with special emphasis on treatment with ceftazidime. AB - Pseudomonas aeruginosa meningitis is a rare disease and the optimal antibiotic therapy for this condition is not well established. Results of therapy using various regimens reported since 1960 are reviewed. Ceftazidime, an investigational cephalosporin with potent antipseudomonal activity, has been used to treat P. aeruginosa meningitis in Europe and North America. The results in 24 patients are analyzed here. Most patients had failed to respond to other regimens before commencing therapy with ceftazidime. Nineteen (79.2%) of these patients were cured, and only three (12.5%) were considered therapeutic failures. Hence, ceftazidime is a useful agent in the treatment of gram-negative bacillary meningitis and may be superior to other cephalosporins on the market for the treatment of pseudomonas meningitis. Since development of resistance is a concern, however, it may be prudent to use a concomitant parenteral aminoglycoside with ceftazidime for the first week in the treatment of P. aeruginosa meningitis. PMID- 3903940 TI - Effect of cancer chemotherapy on the immune response to influenza virus vaccine: review of published studies. AB - Controversy exists regarding the ability of cancer chemotherapy to prevent the development of an adequate immune response to influenza virus vaccine. Of 12 studies addressing this issue, eight demonstrated a significant lessening of the immune response among patients receiving cancer chemotherapy. The other four studies failed to find a significant difference between the immune responses of patients receiving cancer chemotherapy and persons not receiving chemotherapy; for these studies the Type 2 error rate (i.e., the probability of wrongly concluding that no difference exists) was calculated. Since the response rates in the four inconclusive studies were consistent with those in the other eight studies but the sample sizes were much smaller, the failure of the former studies to find significant differences in immune responses probably was due to insensitivity rather than to the absence of such differences. The preponderance of evidence suggests that the serum antibody response to influenza virus vaccine is significantly weaker in patients receiving cancer chemotherapy than in persons not receiving chemotherapy. PMID- 3903941 TI - Empiric amphotericin B therapy in patients with acute leukemia. AB - Invasive fungal infections remain a considerable problem in the management of patients with acute leukemia. This review discusses and provides guidelines for empiric treatment in such circumstances, with emphasis on the use of amphotericin B. The topics covered include the risk factors associated with the development of fungal infections; the difficulties of diagnosing a fungal infection; the empiric use of amphotericin B (with a review of clinical trials and dosing guidelines); and the role of other therapeutic measures in oral prophylaxis and treatment. Although other organisms have been shown to cause fungal infections in patients with acute leukemia, only Candida and Aspergillus species are discussed formally in terms of diagnosis and therapy. PMID- 3903942 TI - Pentamidine: a review. AB - Pentamidine, recently released for clinical use, is effective in therapy for the hemolymphatic stage of Gambian trypanosomiasis, antimony-resistant leishmaniasis, and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. The mechanism of action is unclear and may differ for different organisms. Trypanosomes actively transport pentamidine intracellularly, and the drug may then interfere with DNA biosynthetics. However, pentamidine appears to kill nonreplicating P. carinii. The mechanism of killing is unexplained. The pharmacokinetics of pentamidine has been incompletely studied in humans. The estimated volume of distribution is 3 liters/kg. Levels in plasma of pentamidine range from 0.3-1.4 microgram/ml after standard 4 mg/kg dosing, with no appreciable increase in drug levels on successive dosing and no correlation between levels and creatinine clearance or adverse reactions. The drug appears to be concentrated in the kidney and excreted in the urine, with levels detectable six to eight weeks after cessation of therapy. Immediate adverse reactions have included hypotension, nausea, and vomiting. Local pain or abscess formation at an injection site, mild azotemia, leukopenia, abnormal findings from liver function tests, and hypoglycemia may also occur. PMID- 3903943 TI - Mediterranean spotted fever: a cooperative study of 227 cases. AB - The clinical manifestations of 227 cases of Mediterranean spotted fever (Boutonneuse fever) were reviewed, and the epidemiologic aspects of 170 cases from the Valles Occidental region in the county of Barcelona, Spain, were analyzed. In this area an increase in the incidence of the disease has been noticed during the last several years. The patients evaluated presented with high fever and a generalized maculopapular rash. The tache noire at the site of the tick bite was seen in 166 cases (73%). Other common clinical manifestations were myalgia (73%), headache (69%), conjunctivitis (32%), hepatomegaly (44%), and splenomegaly (19%). Hepatic function tests (serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase) gave abnormal results in 55% of all cases. The Weil-Felix reaction was positive in 79% of the cases; the OX19 strain of Proteus vulgaris was the strain most frequently agglutinated. Treatment with oral oxytetracycline or chloramphenicol was effective in all cases. PMID- 3903944 TI - Brucellar spondylitis: a detailed analysis based on current findings. AB - Three hundred thirty-one cases of brucellosis included in a 10-year prospective protocol were reviewed to identify and follow up patients with spondylitis. Of 20 patients (17 male and three female; mean age, 54 years), spondylitis was diagnosed soon after onset of the brucellosis in 15, there were significant systemic symptoms in 17, and blood cultures were positive for Brucella melitensis in 14. The main symptom was vertebral pain. The commonest radiographic changes were narrowing of the disk and epiphysitis. The discrete character of radiographic alterations and negative uptake on bone scanning caused diagnostic delays in three patients. 99mTc bone scans finally became abnormal in all patients, but were not useful for follow-up because low uptake persisted after the clinical status stabilized. Three patients had paravertebral abscesses; in two of them fever and pain persisted despite antibiotic therapy until diagnosis and surgical drainage. Finally, all patients were cured, ten with sequelae. Brucellar spondylitis often had an acute clinical course with bacteremia. Because neither clinical nor radiographic changes one year after onset were significant, long-term follow-up is not considered necessary except when paravertebral abscess is suspected. PMID- 3903945 TI - Selective primary health care: strategies for control of disease in the developing world. XXI. Acute respiratory infections. AB - Acute respiratory infections represent an important cause of mortality in developing countries, especially among malnourished infants. The microbial etiologies are numerous and complex. Since vaccines effective against the likely major pathogens in the youngest children are not available, the acute respiratory infection control programs designed by the World Health Organization are based on simple schemes to classify illness according to severity and to treat bacterial infections early, thus preventing severe complications. These programs require careful planning to anticipate and circumvent local problems, and their efficacy should be monitored with care. In addition, research is needed in many areas: definition of the spectrum of organisms involved and the pathogenesis of severe infection; delineation of markers that will accurately identify patients needing antibiotics or hospitalization; performance of controlled trials of intervention strategies that will unequivocally identify effective methods; design and production of new, simple, and inexpensive diagnostic tools; and development of vaccines that will be effective in the target populations. PMID- 3903946 TI - Some historical notes on chlortetracycline. PMID- 3903947 TI - [Laser beams--their history, physical concepts and medical applications]. PMID- 3903948 TI - [Pregnancy provoked by pulsatile administration of gonadotropin- releasing hormone in 2 women with oligomenorrhea]. AB - Pulsatile administration of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) at a rythm of 1 microgram/min during 6 minutes every 2 hours restored ovulatory cycles and subsequently pregnancy was obtained in 2 patients who presented with oligomenorrhea and sterility. PMID- 3903949 TI - [Obstetric hemostatic ligation of the uterine arteries]. AB - The authors propose a new technique of bilateral ligation of the uterine arteries at their origin, in order to save the patient's life, the uterus and the adnexae in cases of refractory post-partum haemorrhage, especially associated with placenta praevia. To date, they have only performed this operation on cadavers at the first stage in their study. This technique could be performed surgically in most cases and presents certain advantages over the bilateral ligation of the uterine arteries at the level of the arch. PMID- 3903950 TI - [Treatment of renal crisis in progressive systemic sclerosis with captopril]. PMID- 3903951 TI - [Usefulness of the P. berghei antigen compared with those of P. vivax and P. malariae in evaluating the immune response in human malaria]. PMID- 3903952 TI - [The Kovacs test in the differential bacteriological diagnosis of enteral microorganisms. Its practical value--limits]. PMID- 3903953 TI - [150th anniversary of the discovery of the parasite Trichinella spiralis. Aspects in the evolution of our knowledge of T. spiralis and trichinelliasis]. PMID- 3903954 TI - [Chemoluminescence of the human neutrophilic granulocyte. I. General features of the use of chemoluminescence in biomedical research. The problem of measuring the chemoluminescence of the neutrophil]. PMID- 3903955 TI - Microfilament organization in human platelets. AB - Morphological and biochemical studies suggest that actin in human platelets polymerizes from monomers or oligomers into long filaments more tightly structured in activated than in resting platelets. The polymerization and reorganization of actin filaments are regulated by cellular proteins. Profilin prevents actin polymerization by forming tight complexes with monomeric actin; gelsolin acts both severing filaments and inhibiting their elongation by capping at the barbed end; other actin-binding proteins nucleate polymerization and cross link actin filaments into networks or bundles. The changes in the actin assembly state, which are under the control of calcium, seem essential for pseudopodal formation. Other platelet processes, such as granule centralization and contractile gel formation, are due to calcium-dependent actin-myosin interaction. In addition, Ca++ seems to inhibit through calmodulin the binding of caldesmon to actin, allowing actin linkage to myosin in a 'flip-flop' fashion. PMID- 3903956 TI - Relationships between smooth muscle and cytoskeleton antibodies in human serum samples. AB - In order to characterize the relationship between smooth muscle antibodies (SMA) and antibodies directed to the cytoskeleton components (microfilaments, intermediate filaments and microtubules), 338 serum samples from patients with various diseases and from healthy control subjects were tested for SMA and anti cytoskeleton antibodies using a conventional immunofluorescence method employing traditional substrates and vinblastine-treated fibroblasts. The correspondence between SMA and these antibodies turned out to be incomplete and more evident for anti-microfilaments and anti-microtubules than for anti-intermediate filaments antibodies. Our data confirm that SMA are a quite heterogeneous family of antibodies, whose specificities are not entirely related to the cytoskeleton components. Studies with purified antigens will probably characterize these specificities. PMID- 3903957 TI - Side effects of prostacyclin in patients with angina pectoris and coronary artery disease. AB - Although the exposure of human subjects to prostacyclin (PGI2) infusion has been broad, no systematic approaches have been made in order to investigate the dose related side effects in patients with angina pectoris and coronary artery disease (CAD). We studied 25 patients with typical chest pain and overt CAD. All patients underwent a cycloergometer stress testing (25 W increments at 2-min intervals). PGI2 was infused in scalar doses up to 10 ng/kg/min. During the infusion 25 patients (100%) had facial flushing, 7 (28%) moderate headache and one (4%) had nausea. In addition, 4 patients experienced the typical chest pain and had significant (greater than or equal to 0.1 mV) ST segment depression at 8.10 ng/kg/min infusion rates. These patients had lower tolerance to exercise (6.7 +/- 1.7 vs. 8.8 +/- 1.9 min; p less than 0.05) and coronary artery lesions more severe than those observed in patients without drug-induced angina pectoris. Our data therefore indicate that PGI2 at therapeutic doses may induce myocardial ischemia in patients with angina pectoris, low tolerance to exercise and severe CAD. In patients with mild to moderate degree of CAD, PGI2 was found to be well tolerated. These findings suggest that patients with angina pectoris and low tolerance to exercise should be excluded from clinical studies directed at elucidating the effectiveness of PGI2 in cardiovascular disorders. PMID- 3903958 TI - The influence of neuropharmaca on the nasal glands. Preliminary report. AB - Contributions from various sources to the nasal fluid are a serious complicating factor for investigating the isolated role of the nasal glands in the production of this fluid. This study is an attempt to obtain a better insight in the secretory behaviour of the nasal glands and its neural regulation. Radioligand binding strongly suggests that rat nasal glands contain muscarinic receptors. Parasympathomimetic drugs mainly promote the discharge of the secretory proteins from the glandular cells. However, histological sections do not show any change in the number of secretory granules after parasympatholytic drug application. These observations refer to a complex nature of the parasympathetic regulation of the glandular secretory activity. PMID- 3903960 TI - [Transplantation of the pancreas: history, current status and future perspectives]. PMID- 3903959 TI - [Medical aspects of cardiac transplantation: preliminary experience]. PMID- 3903961 TI - [The transplantation coordinator in a kidney unit]. PMID- 3903962 TI - [Social problems of the renal patient]. PMID- 3903963 TI - [Renal insufficiency]. PMID- 3903964 TI - [Psychological support for the patient with chronic renal insufficiency]. PMID- 3903965 TI - [Width of the lumen of the common bile duct: sonography compared with ERCP]. AB - The diameter of the common bile duct can be easily determined by ultrasound and by ERCP (endoscopic retrograde cholangiography). The measured values differ by as much as 20% due to the technical features of both methods. A study with 100 patients showed that in 20% of the patients the diameter of the common bile duct determined by ERCP was twice that of the value determined by sonography. The difference can be definitely explained by the influence of butyl scopolamine and the high-pressure injection of the contrast medium into the bile duct system. The sonographic measured size of the common bile duct is correlated with the physiological value but a sure prediction of the expected value to be determined by ERCP is not possible. PMID- 3903966 TI - [Ultrasound study of the portal vascular system in the puerperium]. AB - Changes of various cardiovascular functions and intra-abdominal pressure ratios occur during pregnancy as a result of adaptation processes. Besides the arterial and venous vascular systems, the portal vascular system is also affected. Bearing this in mind, the lienoportal and mesenterioportal vascular system were studied in 87 women during the puerperium after childbirth, and compared with a group of healthy women. Sonographically, the portal vascular system was found to be dilated after pregnancy. These changes were reversible within the first three weeks after delivery. Transient portal hypertension is discussed as a possible cause of this phenomenon. This should be differentiated against acute diseases with pathological and/or already pre-existing portal hypertension. PMID- 3903967 TI - [Quantitative determination of diaphragmatic motility using ultrasound. Comparison with pulmonary function test parameters and thoracic radiography]. AB - Sonography, combined with a geometrical simulation-model, can be used to estimate parameters of pulmonary function tests (PFT). The sensitivity for changes of PFT may be increased by repetitive examinations. This simple inexpensive method is easily reproducible. Additional information concerning diaphragmatic motility is obtained. The value of this method is improved by taking geometric parameters directly from chest radiograph using a suitable computer program. PMID- 3903968 TI - [ECG-triggered DSA of the aortic arch and the supra-aortal vessels of the neck]. AB - 220 examinations were conducted in 55 patients (40 men and 15 women) to explore the question whether there are any changes in the area of the aortic arch and the supra-aortal vessels. The examinations were conducted intraindividually according to ECG-triggered and non-ECG-triggered DSA technique. The technical conditions with regard to x-ray film, volume of contrast media, and patient positions, were the same for the purpose of comparing the results with regard to the number of x ray films, image quality, incidence of artifacts and changes in exposure to irradiation. It was found that ECG-triggered DSA yielded a greater number of diagnostically useful and qualitatively superior images with reduced irradiation exposure in a shorter time than non-ECG-triggered DSA. PMID- 3903969 TI - [Digital intravenous subtraction angiography in the diagnosis of renal hypertension]. AB - Indirect aortographies conducted in 123 patients via intravenous digital subtraction angiography (DSA) enabled satisfactory assessment of the renal arteries in 93% of the cases. The present state of the art, therefore, permits us to claim that DSA is of satisfactory diagnostic value in screening diagnosis of renal hypertension. It is well suited for confirming or excluding renal arterial stenosis and does not place any additional burden on the patient over and above the strain already exercised by excretion urography. PMID- 3903970 TI - [Effect of S-carboxy-methyl-L-cysteine on the radiologic visualization of the mucosa in double-contrast examination of the stomach]. AB - The radiographic pattern of the areae gastricae is produced by barium lying in the intersecting grooves of the gastric mucosal surface. However, if the mucus layer on the gastric mucosa is thick, it interferes with the barium coating of the areae gastricae. As S-carboxy-methyl-L-cysteine has been shown to be an effective respiratory tract mucolytic when administered by mouth and, may also render the gastric mucus layer thinner, it was tested as a pretreatment agent in a routine double contrast upper-gastrointestinal study to improve the visualization of the areae gastricae. In a double-blind study 53 of 103 patients took S-carboxy-methyl-L-cysteine in a dosage of 750 mg three times daily for three days before the examination. Results of the present study show that mucolysis induced by the administered doses of S-carboxy-methyl-L-cysteine did not significantly affect micromucosal visualization during double-contrast barium meal. PMID- 3903971 TI - SEM study of surface characteristics and marginal adaptation of anterior resin restorations after 3-4 years. AB - SEM replica technique was used to study surface characteristics and marginal adaptation of 278 anterior resin fillings 3-4 yr old. The fillings showed degradation of surfaces and margins with eroded areas and exposed macro- and microfiller particles. Cohesive failures were seen as chip fractures and marginal fractures parallel to the cavity margins. Microfiller resin fillings showed less rough surface characteristics than the conventional and hybrid composite resins in spite of a higher frequency of fillings with surface degradation. The microfiller resin fillings activated by visible light, in particular, showed relatively smooth surface characteristics with less surface degradation and less porosity. About 50% of the conventional and hybrid composite fillings showed marginal defects. The two chemically cured microfiller resin fillings showed marginal defects in 66% or 88%, whereas for the visible light cured microfiller resin fillings defects were observed in 44%. PMID- 3903972 TI - Effects of high alcohol intake on blood pressure, adrenergic activity, and the renin-angiotensin system. PMID- 3903973 TI - Two possible mechanisms for alcohol associated hypertension. PMID- 3903974 TI - Clonogenic cells in acute myeloblastic leukaemia. PMID- 3903975 TI - Experimental hematogenous infection of subcutaneously implanted foreign bodies. AB - Implanted foreign bodies are highly susceptible to pyogenic infection. Whereas infection up to 3 months after surgery is probably due to perioperative bacterial contamination, little is known about the pathogenesis of late prosthetic infections. We employed an animal model to determine whether subcutaneously implanted foreign bodies were susceptible to experimental bacteremia. Tissue cages were implanted into guinea pigs, which were infected at the earliest 4 weeks later by intracardiac injection of Staphylococcus aureus Wood 46. The injection of 2 X 10(6) cfu did not result in any infection. Inoculation of 5 X 10(7) cfu resulted in a bacteremia of 10(2)-10(3) cfu/ml after 5 min and led to 11/26 selective tissue cage infections with no microbiological evidence of infection elsewhere. Higher inocula caused systemic infections with foci in different organs. Rifampin (7.5 mg/kg b.i.d.) was administered for 48 h, starting at different times after infection to establish the best timing for efficacious short-term therapy. When treatment was begun 1 h before or 3 h after inoculation, complete protection was observed, whereas 1/12 and 3/15 tissue cages remained infected when the first dose was not given until 24 h and 48 h, respectively, after inoculation. These experiments illustrate that implanted prostheses are highly susceptible even to bacteremias with low density of microorganisms. Prophylaxis can prevent such infections, whereas delayed short-term treatment may fail. PMID- 3903976 TI - Efficacy of amoxycillin and benzylpenicillin combined with clavulanic acid against Bacteroides fragilis in vitro and in experimentally infected mice. AB - Because the insensitivity of Bacteroides fragilis to penicillins is due to betalactamase formation, the potentiating effect of the betalactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid on the action of amoxycillin and benzylpenicillin against this bacterium was studied in vitro and in an experimental infection in mice. The addition of clavulanic acid to amoxycillin and benzylpenicillin resulted in a marked synergistic effect against B. fragilis, as assessed by both MIC determinations and in 4-h growth curves. In the experimental infection, where co inoculation with Escherichia coli was obligatory for the outgrowth of B. fragilis, both penicillins had a dose-dependent effect on both species. However, the addition of clavulanic acid to amoxycillin and benzylpenicillin did not increase the effect of the penicillins against B. fragilis or against E. coli. Because a synergistic effect might have remained undetected in vivo, the experimental conditions were varied, i.e. the drugs were administered in the proliferation phase of B. fragilis, the clavulanic acid to betalactam ratios were varied, and the drugs were given after inoculation of B. fragilis in which betalactamase production has been induced. However, even after variation of the experimental conditions the addition of clavulanic acid to benzylpenicillin did not result in a potentiation of the effect of benzylpenicillin against B. fragilis. PMID- 3903977 TI - Tick-borne Borrelia infection in Sweden. AB - Spirochetes were cultivated from 17% of 114 Ixodes ricinus ticks in the Stockholm area. Three strains of these spirochetes were selected for studies by electron microscopy. These three strains had definite morphological similarities to spirochetes of the genus Borrelia, as judged by the number of flagella, absence of cytoplasmic tubules, and dimensions. The three strains were not identical, but seemed to consist of two different kinds of cells, one with eight and one with eleven flagella. The three strains were also shown to react with a monoclonal antibody that reacts with Lyme disease spirochetes (Borrelia burgdorferi), but not with strains of other Borreliae, Treponemes, or Leptospiras. These results indicate the possibility of transmission of Borrelia spirochetes from ticks to humans in Sweden. The antibody response to one of the spirochetal strains isolated from Swedish I. ricinus was studied in 37 patients with the typical clinical picture of erythema chronicum migrans (ECM), in 45 patients with chronic meningitis (CMe) cured by high-dose intravenous penicillin, in 298 patients with post-infectious arthritis, and in controls. The antibody response was estimated by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The antibody levels differed significantly between patients with CMe and healthy individuals (p less than 0.001), both with respect to serum antibody levels and CSF-antibody levels. The antibody levels also differed significantly between patients with ECM and healthy controls as measured by ELISA (p less than 0.05), whereas the difference was not significant as measured by IFA. Five of 298 patients with post-infectious arthritis had higher titers than any of the controls, and two of these five patients had titers higher than any patient with CMe or ECM. These results indicate spirochetal aetiology of ECM, and in some patents with CMe or postinfectious arthritis. As a diagnostic test for ECM, both IFA and ELISA were of limited value, since only 5/37 (14%) ECM patients were positive by IFA, and 14/37 (38%) by ELISA. Regarding patients with CMe, 23/45 (51%) were seropositive by IFA and 30/45 (67%) by ELISA. However, measurement of CSF-antibodies were found to be a more sensitive method than measurement of serum antibodies both by IFA and ELISA, since 38/45 (84%) CMe patients were positive by IFA, and 41/45 (91%) by ELISA. In addition, estimation of CSF antibodies was also found to be a more specific method than estimation of serum antibodies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3903978 TI - Control for recurrences of urinary bladder tumours by transabdominal ultrasonic scanning. AB - By transabdominal ultrasonic scanning of the filled bladder it is possible to examine the surface of the bladder urothelium in the outpatient clinic. In a "blind" study of 129 patients controlled for recurrences of urinary bladder tumours the results of dynamic transabdominal ultrasonography were compared with the results of cystoscopy. The ultrasound could identify the recurrences of 5 mm or above in size significantly. Below 5 mm in dimension, when positioned in the dome of the bladder or at severe trabeculation the ultrasonic scanning lead to a misdiagnosis. No invasive recurrences were overlooked by ultrasonography. We will advocate that transabdominal ultrasonic scanning replace routine cystoscopy in low-risk patients with superficial bladder tumours of the Ta category and a low grade after the primary transurethral treatment and no or few recurrences of the same Ta category at the first control cystoscopy. On the other hand we will recommend to continue cystoscopy of patients with frequently recurring urinary bladder tumours, the high grade Ta tumours, carcinoma in situ because of the risk of invasive growth, and patients with primary invasive tumours including those with the superficial invasion (category T1). PMID- 3903979 TI - Dynamics of the urinary tract in longterm vesico-ureteral reflux with infravesical obstruction and infection in pigs; V. AB - In a study of the dynamic function of the urinary tract in infravesically obstructed pigs with vesicoureteric reflux, 5 pigs with 6 refluxing ureters evidenced urinary tract infection after 8 and 10 weeks of obstruction. Examination showed that the median ureteric baseline activity had decreased to 0.0 A.P./min (action potentials/min). During bladder filling, no increase in activity was seen, although there was pressure equilibration between the bladder and the renal pelvis, when the reflux producing bladder pressure was reached. Only a few episodes of retrograde activity were recorded during the bladder filling. 46% of the ureteric contractions were incomplete and stopped in the mid third of ureter. The study showed the severe, irreversible impairment of ureteric function when subjected to not only reflux and obstruction but also infection. PMID- 3903980 TI - Ultrasonographic findings in renal parenchymal diseases. AB - An analysis was made of the ultrasonographic findings in 112 patients with renal parenchymal disease verified histologically, or with an unambiguous clinical picture. The diseases were divided into glomerular and tubulo-interstitial types. The duration of the disease and renal insufficiency and, in cases of glomerular diseases, the presence of a nephrotic syndrome and the severity of the histological changes were also taken into account. An abnormal sonographic finding was recorded in 67% of the cases. A highly echogenic cortex was the most common abnormality, being slightly more frequent in the tubulo-interstitial diseases (75%) than in the glomerular ones (61%), but the difference was not significant. Changes in the medullary region were significantly more frequent in tubulo-interstitial cases (46%) than in glomerular ones, and significantly more frequent in acute than in chronic conditions. Parenchymal thinning was associated with chronic cases and thickening with acute tubulo-interstitial cases. The nephrotic syndrome increased the number of abnormal sonographic findings. No specific sonographic features could be established for either glomerular or tubulo-interstitial renal diseases. PMID- 3903981 TI - Research results of Soviet scientists in some problems of occupational medicine. Review of the years 1981-1984. AB - The paper reviews the extensive and manifold research of Soviet scientists in occupational medicine. Monographs published in 1981-1984 have been referred to. The data on the maximum allowable concentrations of 23 substances are presented. It should especially be emphasized that, at present, great attention is being paid in the Soviet Union to the mutagenic, gonadotoxic and embryotoxic, as well as other biological, effects of the substances under study. A short review has been presented of the research dealing with the setting of standards for substances coming in contact with the skin of the hands. Occupational hygiene aspects of problems related to the introduction of new substances and technological processes have been considered, and research on the effects of harmful factors (toxic substances, vibration, etc) on health and the early diagnosis of occupational pathology has also been reviewed. PMID- 3903982 TI - Monitoring of urinary mutagenicity in workers exposed to low doses of 2,4,7 trinitro-9-fluorenone. AB - A monitoring of the urinary mutagenicity in workers occupationally exposed to low doses of 2,4,7-trinitro-9-fluorenone (TNF) was undertaken. Urine concentrate of 22 exposed workers (11 smokers and 11 nonsmokers) and 18 presumedly unexposed workers (7 smokers and 11 nonsmokers) were assayed for mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium strain TA98 with the plate incorporation technique. In this test system none of the urine concentrate was effective as a mutagen, either in the absence or presence of S9. Fifteen urine samples (8 from exposed workers, 7 from referents) were also tested in the microtiter fluctuation assay. With this technique smoking habits were significantly related to urinary mutagenicity in tests performed with metabolic activation. In neither case however was the association between presumed exposure and urinary mutagenicity significant. These results were evaluated on the basis of urinary mutagenicity data obtained from rats exposed to TNF by different routes. It was shown that the observed urinary mutagenicity accounts for a minor fraction of the administered TNF dose (about 0.1 to 0.2%, depending on the route of exposure); thus it is possible that low level exposure to TNF could escape detection by urinary mutagenicity monitoring. PMID- 3903983 TI - Testing for mutagens in filter samples from the work atmosphere of an aluminum plant. AB - Filter extracts of airborne particles from a Soderberg potroom and an anode paste plant were tested for mutagenicity by the Salmonella reversion assay. The extracts were mutagenic to strains TA100 and TA98, mainly after metabolic activation, but positive results were obtained also without S9 mix in strain TA98. These findings indicate that the particulate phase of air from the potroom and the anode paste plant of aluminum plants contain mostly indirect mutagens of both the base-pair substitution and frameshift type, and--to a less degree- frameshift mutagens. The relationship between concentration and mutagenicity was more positive for the potroom extract than for the anode paste plant extract. PMID- 3903984 TI - [The prognostic significance of quantitative HBsAG determination in acute hepatitis B]. AB - The HBsAg concentrations were measured in serial serum samples of 27 patients with acute hepatitis B and of 22 patients with chronic active hepatitis. 21 of the 27 patients with acute hepatitis exhibited a 50% reduction of the HBsAg concentration within 10-20 days of the first determination. In 19 of these individuals HBsAg became undetectable within 3 months and fell below 10 units/ml in another individual. The HBsAg concentration started to rise again in one patient and remained high later. In 6 of the 27 patients with acute hepatitis, the HBsAg concentration showed no 50% reduction within 10-20 days. HBsAg was still at high levels in 5 of these individuals at the end of the observation period of 6-12 months. The HBsAg concentrations in patients with chronic active hepatitis were comparable to the initial values observed in patients with acute hepatitis and persisted at high levels in all 22 individuals. Thus, measurement of the HBsAg concentration in two consecutive sera taken within 10-20 days makes it possible to predict the outcome of an acute hepatitis B-virus infection. When comparing patients in the initial phase of acute hepatitis B or chronic hepatitis patients with asymptomatic chronic HBsAg carriers on hemodialysis or with blood donors, the mean HBsAg concentrations were highest in hemodialysis patients and lowest in HBsAg positive blood donors. PMID- 3903985 TI - [Epidemiology, pathogenesis, course and sequelae of Crohn's disease]. AB - In Crohn's disease epidemiological data show a 5-fold increase in incidence between 1950 and 1970. The incidence in towns is higher than in rural areas. The significance of environmental factors such as sugar, fat and nicotine has not been established. L-forms of mycobacteria may be the cause of the disease. Intestinal immunoregulation is not impaired. The natural history is poorly influenced by drugs and "curative" resection. Male, but not female, fertility may be impaired. There is only a slightly increased risk of cancer. PMID- 3903986 TI - [Diagnosis and therapy of chronic alcoholic pancreatitis. A critical review of the status]. AB - The practical implications of the new Marseilles classification (1984) of pancreatitis are discussed and the present-day diagnostic methods critically reviewed. The new classification distinguishes between two typical long-term profiles, i.e. acute (reversible) and chronic (progressive) pancreatitis. Modern diagnostic tests such as sonography, CT, ERCP and the secretin-CCK test do not provide a "gold standard" for early chronic pancreatitis. Thus, long-term studies of function and morphology are needed to differentiate chronic pancreatitis (progressive dysfunction, calcification, ERP changes) from acute (reversible) pancreatitis. The etiology is a helpful prognostic guide since gallstone pancreatitis virtually never becomes chronic. However, alcoholic "acute" pancreatitis may not always progress to chronic pancreatitis. Drug or surgical treatment of pain is symptomatic and empirical, since the pathomechanisms of pain are poorly understood. A prerequisite for optimum therapy is exact staging of the disease into: uncomplicated early stages with short, self-limiting episodes of pancreatitis: conservative therapy, persistent pain, mainly due to pseudocysts (diagnosis by morphological tests): surgical therapy, advanced painless forms of chronic pancreatitis associated with diabetes and/or steatorrhea: diet and substitution therapy. After successful surgical drainage persistent pain subsides, but postoperative episodic recurrences of pancreatitis are common in the early stages of the disease and in association with continued alcohol intake. However, spontaneous pain relief occurs in all cases in the late stages of the disease and with progressive pancreatic dysfunction (despite continued alcohol abuse). PMID- 3903987 TI - [Diagnosis and therapy of fetal kidney and urinary tract malformations]. AB - Of 23 patients with abnormal prenatal sonographic findings 17 also showed malformations of the kidneys and urinary tract in the postpartal period. Although even minor abnormalities could be detected by antenatal ultrasound, the identification of the abnormal findings was not possible in every case. Diagnostic problems arose in 8 foetuses showing mild dilatation of the collecting system, since it was not possible to distinguish between functional dilatation and dilatation from vesicoureteral reflux or minimal ureteral obstruction. Difficulties in identification of large malformations also occurred in 3 other patients, if the first sonographic examination was performed in a late stage of pregnancy, so that no follow-up of the sonographic picture was possible. In one of these children a huge right-sided multicystic kidney resulted in compression of the contralateral ureter with hydronephrosis, damaging the other kidney. Early delivery should, therefore, be considered in all children showing large cystic abdominal masses and no identifiable normal kidney, so that adequate obstetric treatment of these patients can be initiated in time. PMID- 3903988 TI - [The micturition sonourogram: a new possibility for determining vesicorenal reflux in children]. AB - Real time sonography enables sonographic imaging of vesicorenal reflux in childhood. Examination procedure is fundamentally like micturition cystourethrography and is called micturition sonourography (MSU). 117 children with radiologically diagnosed vesicorenal reflux were examined by this new method. The sonographically determined ascension of the bladder content into the renal pelvis is called "positive MSU". All vesicorenal refluxes of the third to fifth grade were also confirmed by sonography. Second-degree reflux can be confirmed in up to 95% of the cases if technique and experience are sufficiently advanced. The article discusses the technical procedure, diagnostic relevance and importance of the method. PMID- 3903989 TI - [Visualization of the uterine fundus in intrauterine sonography]. AB - Intrauterine sonography (hysterosonography) is useful for visualising malignant processes in the myometrium. Since normally no sound-wave source is available for beaming the sound waves in strictly anterograde direction, the authors examined which sections of the fundus of the uterus cannot be assessed, and discussed the possibilities of reducing the area and also the importance of the inaccessible region. It was found that normally a satisfactory assessment would be possible in clinical routine even in the region of the fundus by the combined shifting of the geometrical axis of the sound waves and the use of transducers from which the sound waves emanate in anterograde direction at an angle of 135 degrees. PMID- 3903990 TI - [Extrauterine pregnancy: sonographic criteria and their clinical value]. AB - The most common criteria for the ultrasonic diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy are: 1. An enlarged uterus without a gestational sac, 2. A progesterone-stimulated endometrium (internal uterine echos), 3. Cul-de-sac fluid (blood) and 4. An adnexal tumour. To assess the clinical usefulness of the described criteria in a prospective study, ultrasonography was performed preoperatively in 25 patients with ectopic pregnancy. The ultrasonograms were coded for uterine size, intrauterine echoes, adnexal mass, and cul-de-sac fluid. Of 25 ectopic pregnancies, a correct positive ultrasonic diagnosis was made in 80%, while a false negative diagnosis was made in 20%. In most cases an adnexal mass could be identified (68%), whereas cul-de-sac fluid and an uterine enlargement without gestational sac was seen only in one-half of the patients. Internal uterine echoes could be found in only 36% of the patients. An ectopic gestational sac with viable foetus was seen in one case only. Due to the variability of ectopic pregnancy, no pathognomonic features can be defined. For this reason, ultrasonography cannot be considered an absolutely reliable method for the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy. PMID- 3903991 TI - [Amniocentesis under permanent ultrasonic control--advantages of a special procedure]. AB - Advocates of the so-called "free hand technique" in amniocentesis argue against permanent sonographic control as follows: "Free hand technique" is the only method enabling vertical guiding of the puncture needle between abdominal wall and amniotic cavity, and hence to cover the shortest distance with the lowest risk of traumatisation. "Free hand technique" is the only method permitting sensitive guiding of the needle in amniocentesis, since the puncturing doctor can use both hands without requiring one hand for sonographic examination. Amniocentesis under permanent sonographic control is claimed to raise serious problems in guaranteeing the necessary sterility. The authors present a modification of the puncture method with permanent sonographic control. This does away with all of the above arguments against permanent sonographic control, whereas all of its obvious advantages are retained (greater safety, less risk of injury). The method employs a fixation scaffolding and an aiming groove for routine sector scanning (Figures 1 and 2). The entire system is covered in a sterile manner by a pasted-on foil sheeting after having introduced the sonographic contact gel. The only contact medium for the skin is a disinfecting agent enabling satisfactory imaging (Figure 4). This method offers the following advantages over the methods using conventional puncture soundheads: Better possibility of disinfection. No rigid guiding of needle, and hence correction can be effected even during puncture. Adjacent levels can be observed by free displacement of scanner and needle. Modifiable puncture angle in respect of skin and uterus. The fixation scaffolding does away with the need for an assistant, and enables tremor-free fixation of the scanner during puncture.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3903992 TI - [Has intrauterine surgery using ultrasound a future?]. AB - Based on three cases of foetal abnormalities (hydrocephalus, prune-belly syndrome, and unilateral multicystic renal disease) diagnosed and treated by intrauterine sonographic control, the article describes the technique, evolution and outcome of these cases. Two patients (the hydrocephalus and the prune-belly syndrome) died after delivery, whereas the third one lives in normal conditions. The different diagnoses and prognoses of this new surgical procedure are discussed. We think that hydrocephaly and renal obstruction have a very bad prognosis when diagnosis and therapy are not performed an initiated at an early stage. Unilateral disease of Potter-Syndrome is associated with a very good prognosis irrespective of whether therapeutic intervention is effected or not. For this reason, the intervention should be considered according to the compressive action that the cystic renal disease can exercise on the other kidney or lung. PMID- 3903993 TI - [Development of the fetal lateral ventricles and their sonographic identification during pregnancy. I]. AB - A prerequisite for the ultrasonographic prenatal diagnosis of hydrocephalus is knowledge of the normal shape and position of the foetal lateral ventricles as well as of the range of variability between normal and pathological development. A model of the lateral ventricles of an 38-weeks old foetus was constructed. It was then tested by ultrasonographic examination in 6 transverse sections on foetuses having a biparietal diameter of 90-95 mm. In this way three ventricular parameters could be established for normal as well as for hydrocephalic development during foetal life. PMID- 3903994 TI - [Accuracy of prenatal weight estimation using ultrasound in the case of birth weights less than 2000 grams]. AB - In this study foetal weight as estimated by ultrasound was compared with the true birth weight of children having a birth weight of less than 2000 g (n = 105). The estimation of foetal weight was achieved using the authors' own diagram containing a curve for the biparietal and the thoracal diameter as well as for the foetal weight. The data for the weight curve were taken from two European populations (Bonn and Winterthur). There was a highly significant correlation between the ultrasonically estimated foetal weight and the true birth weight. Only in the group less than 1200 g a significant overestimation of foetal weight could be shown by using the weight curve of the population of Bonn, whereas the percentage deviation of both weight curves was comparable: when using the curve of Bonn 68% of readings had a deviation of less than 10%, whereas with the curve of Winterthur this was the case for 65% of the readings. PMID- 3903995 TI - [Prenatal diagnosis of Meckel's syndrome in a family]. AB - Meckel's syndrome, with the major characteristic features of encephalocele, polydactylia and cystic kidneys, can be diagnosed via sonography. Both serum and amniotic fluid show increased alpha-foetoprotein levels. Acetylcholine esterase electrophoresis shows a pathological band on examination of the amniotic fluid. Heredity is autosomal recessive. The children are not viable. Genetic consultation of the parents is recommended. PMID- 3903996 TI - [Prenatal ultrasonic diagnosis of achondroplasia]. AB - The pregnancy of a woman with achondroplasia was monitored by ultrasound from the 29th to the 38th week of gestation. Starting with the 29th week of gestation, there was a suspicion of the foetus having the same skeletal dysplasia. The following measurements were in the pathological range: the length of the upper arm, the humerus, the lower arm, the thigh, the femur, the leg, the tibia, as well as the maximal thigh diameter, the ratios of thigh diameter to crown-rump length and maximal thigh diameter to the biparietal diameter. Unsuspected head rump measures associated with measurements, displayed an achondroplasia which had been discovered in the newborn. PMID- 3903997 TI - [Sonographic detection of intracystic breast tumors]. AB - While simple breast cysts account for the most common benign lesions of the breast, intracystic tumours, which most frequently occur as papillomas and papillary adenocarcinomas, are rare. In this paper we report on the clinical picture of these tumours, using our own material, and discuss the relevance of sonography in pre-operative diagnosis compared to conventional examination techniques such as mammography and pneumocystography. PMID- 3903998 TI - Some problems in diabetic pregnancy. PMID- 3903999 TI - Medical and nursing services to St Kilda. AB - The problem of serving the smaller Scottish islands with an adequate medical service has existed since the middle of the nineteenth century. The problem is still unresolved. This paper examines the difficulties faced, through a historical perspective on the island of St Kilda, which lies some forty miles west of the Outer Hebrides. PMID- 3904000 TI - Surgeons disagree on artificial heart. PMID- 3904001 TI - The insulin receptor contains a calmodulin-binding domain. AB - Substantial evidence suggests that calcium has a pivotal role in regulating the initial events through which insulin alters plasma membrane metabolism. Because binding of insulin to its receptor represents the initial site of insulin action in the plasma membrane, studies were undertaken to determine whether the insulin receptor is a calmodulin-binding protein. Preparations enriched in the insulin receptor and calmodulin-binding proteins were isolated from detergent-solubilized rat adipocyte membranes by chromatography with wheat germ agglutinin agarose and calmodulin-conjugated Sepharose, respectively. Substantial purification of a manganese-dependent, insulin-sensitive phosphoprotein of 95K identified as the beta subunit of the insulin receptor was accomplished. Binding and photocovalent cross-linking of iodine-125-labeled calmodulin to these affinity-purified preparations and to isolated plasma membranes, followed by immunoadsorption with insulin receptor antibodies bound to protein A Sepharose, resulted in significant purification of a binding complex of 110K to 140K. These results indicate that the adipocyte insulin receptor or a polypeptide closely associated with the receptor is a calmodulin-binding protein. PMID- 3904002 TI - Cell-specific expression of the rat insulin gene: evidence for role of two distinct 5' flanking elements. AB - The 5' flanking DNA of the rat insulin I gene contains sequences controlling cell specific expression. Analysis of this region by replacement of specific portions with nondiscriminatory control elements from viral systems shows that a transcriptional enhancer is located in the distal portion of the 5' flanking DNA; its position has been mapped by deletion analysis. Additional experiments suggest that another distinct regulatory element is located more proximal to the transcription start site. The activity of both elements is restricted to pancreatic B cells. The combinatorial effect of multiple control elements could explain the cell-specific expression of insulin genes. PMID- 3904003 TI - Radiotracers for functional brain imaging. AB - The rapid growth of nuclear medicine 25 years ago was in large part related to the success of brain tumor imaging using radiopharmaceuticals designed to detect changes in the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The success of computed tomography, and more recently nuclear magnetic resonance, in imaging these lesions has all but eliminated the use of radioactive agents for brain tumor detection. But, in recent years there has been a new wave of interest in isotope studies of the brain. The recent emphasis has been on agents which enter the brain across the BBB and are designed to provide functional data ranging from regional perfusion and metabolism to the distribution of binding sites for neuroactive compounds. While none of these new radiopharmaceuticals has yet come into widespread clinical application, the research results already achieved clearly indicate that brain imaging will again be an important aspect of nuclear medicine practice. PMID- 3904004 TI - Improvements in SPECT technology for cerebral imaging. AB - Advancement in three major areas of SPECT (single photon emission computed tomography) technology have resulted in improved image quality for cerebral studies. In the first area, single-crystal camera electronics, extensive use of microprocessors, custom digital circuitry, an data bus architecture have allowed precise external control of all gantry motions and improved signal processing. The new digital circuitry permits energy, uniformity, and linearity corrections to be an integral part of the processing electronics. Calibration of these correlations is controlled by algorithms stored in the camera's memory. In addition, digital signals can be routed directly to interface circuitry of auxiliary computer systems without analog-to-digital conversion. Look-up tables, downloaded to the interface from the central processing unit (CPU), permit computer-controlled real-time processing of coordinate signals, including truncation, magnification, and spatial calibration. The second area of improved SPECT technology is camera collimation and related imaging techniques. In this area, system resolution has been improved without loss of sensitivity by decreasing the air gap between patient and collimator surface. Rotating the detector in close apposition to the head has required various stratagems to avoid detector-shoulder contact: the selective reduction of camera shielding, the use of long bore collimators, and the 30 degrees angulation of the camera head for slant hole collimation. Since cerebral studies characteristically image high contrast regions less than 1 cm in size, image quality has been improved by increasing collimator resolution even at the expense of sensitivity. Increased resolution also improved image contrast for studies using 123I-labeled pharmaceuticals with 3% to 4% 124I contamination. Such studied acquired with low energy or medium energy collimation and a window centered on the 159 keV 123I photopeak contain appreciable septal breakthrough signals originating from Compton scatter of high energy photons primarily from 124I. The third area of advancements in technology, multidetector instrumentation, offers the promise of increased sensitivity and resolution. For the dynamic computer-assisted tomograph (DCAT) system, which was especially designed for regional blood flow studies with 133Xe or 127Xe, a count rate of 170,000 counts per microCi/cc for three slices has been achieved. This system consists of four detector banks each with 16 rectangular NaI crystals. An alternative system at Harvard uses an array of 12 moving detectors with focused collimators to acquire a single slice.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3904005 TI - Clinical brain imaging with isopropyl-iodoamphetamine and SPECT. AB - In recent years, fierce competition has developed between the new high technology specialties of ultrasound, nuclear medicine, computerized transmission tomography, and most recently, nuclear magnetic resonance. Conventional brain scintigraphy, once the most common nuclear medicine procedure, has fallen victim to this rivalry despite the fact that routine scintigraphy remains a good diagnostic test. The agony of this defeat initially caused self-doubt among nuclear medicine physicians, but out of this gloom has emerged a number of radionuclide tests which have the potential to revolutionize how clinical neurology/psychiatry is practiced. PMID- 3904007 TI - Amniotic fluid volume: ultrasound assessment and clinical significance. PMID- 3904006 TI - Radioactive oxygen-15 in the study of cerebral blood flow, blood volume, and oxygen metabolism. AB - The short half-life of 15O led early observers to believe that it was unsuitable for use as a biological tracer. However, initial studies with this nuclide demonstrated its potential usefulness for in vivo, regional physiologic measurements. Subsequently, techniques were developed to measure cerebral blood flow (CBF), blood volume, and oxygen metabolism using intracarotid injection of 15O-labeled radiopharmaceuticals and highly collimated scintillation probes to record the time course of radioactivity in the brain. The development of positron emission tomography (PET) made possible the in vivo, noninvasive measurement of the absolute concentration of positron-emitting nuclides. A variety of tracer kinetic models were formulated to obtain physiologic measurements from tomographic images of the distribution of 15O-labeled radiopharmaceuticals in the brain. 15O-labeled carbon monoxide, administered by inhalation, binds to hemoglobin in RBCs, and therefore can be used as a intravascular tracer to measure regional cerebral blood volume (rCBV). Several strategies have been developed to measure regional CBF using 15O-labeled water as an inert, diffusible flow tracer. Regional cerebral oxygen metabolism is measured using scan data obtained following the inhalation of 15O-labeled oxygen; independent determinations of local blood flow and blood volume are also required for this measurement. The tracer kinetic models used to measure rCBV, blood flow, and oxygen metabolism will be described and their relative advantages and limitations discussed. Several examples of the use of 15O tracer methods will be reviewed to demonstrate their widespread applicability to the study of cerebral physiology and pathophysiology. PMID- 3904008 TI - Assessment of fetal condition and risk: analysis of single and combined biophysical variable monitoring. PMID- 3904009 TI - [Healing processes in freeze-dried homogeneous bone grafts in the dog mandible]. PMID- 3904010 TI - [The relation between occlusal form and the load required to shred food--the nature of the implant superstructure]. PMID- 3904011 TI - Tantalum markers in radiography. An assessment of tissue reactions. AB - The biocompatibility of two types of radiopaque tantalum markers was evaluated histologically. Reactions to pin markers (99.9% purity) and spherical markers (95.2% purity) were investigated after 3-6 weeks in rabbits and 5-48 weeks in children with abnormal growth. Both marker types were firmly attached to bone trabeculae; this was most pronounced in rabbit bone, and no adverse macroscopic reactions were observed. Microscopically, no reactions or only slight fibrosis of bone tissue were detected, while soft tissues only demonstrated a minor inflammatory reaction. Nevertheless, the need for careful preparation and execution of marker implantations is stressed, and particularly avoidance of the use of emery in sharpening of cannulae. The bioinertness of tantalum was reconfirmed as was its suitability for use as skeletal and soft tissue radiographic markers. PMID- 3904012 TI - Patient rating of doctors using computers. AB - In order to shed some light on the impact of a computer on medical consultations, 140 new hospital out-patients rated the doctor they had just seen, and their ideal doctor using a 38-item semantic differential-type scale. Sixty-four of the patients had experienced a computer being used by one of the three doctors participating in the study. Each patient's ratings of a doctor were compared with their ratings of the ideal doctor by paired t-tests. The doctors, when using the computer, tended to be seen as less matching up to these ideals than when they did not use the computer. All three received more non-ideal ratings when using the computer. However, this was less so for two of the doctors than for the third, who with a computer was seen as less than ideally listening and paying attention, and was also rated as less than ideally warm, friendly, liking and comforting, perhaps surprisingly, this doctor had tried to minimize the effect of the computer during the consultation, while the doctor who used the computer 'conversationally' during the interview was rated overall as better with it than without it. It would appear that the pattern of computer use in the consultation and even its apparent intrusiveness need not have an adverse effect on patient ratings of doctors, but that computer use can cause problems for this aspect of the doctor-patient relationship. PMID- 3904013 TI - Low country fevers: cultural adaptations to malaria in antebellum South Carolina. AB - The historical investigation of malaria in South Carolina offers a valuable opportunity for the medical anthropologist interested in the interrelationship between cultural practices and disease. Malaria was introduced to the New World by European settlers and African slaves, and the development of tidewater rice cultivation helped create and expand the conditions necessary for its spread. Once established, malaria became the region's most serious endemic disease, persisting until well into the twentieth century and cultural responses to it profoundly influenced antebellum southern society. PMID- 3904014 TI - Vicarious menstruation. PMID- 3904015 TI - [Update on bone marrow grafts]. PMID- 3904016 TI - [100 years. Paintings made by psychiatric patients in "art therapy"]. PMID- 3904017 TI - [Life style and human health (a review of foreign sources)]. PMID- 3904018 TI - [The great heroic feat of the Soviet people]. PMID- 3904019 TI - [The martial feats of physicians in World War II]. PMID- 3904020 TI - [The struggle of the Bolsheviks and of the progressive medical intelligentsia for the protection of the people's health during the 1st Russian Revolution]. PMID- 3904021 TI - [Revolutionary activities of Simbirsk physicians during the 1st Russian Revolution]. PMID- 3904022 TI - [Physicians during the heroic defense of Sevastopol 1854-1855]. PMID- 3904023 TI - [Social hygiene and organizational problems in the transactions of the 1st All Russian Odontology Congress]. PMID- 3904024 TI - [Social hygiene and deontological aspects in the works and activities of A. I. Evdokimov]. PMID- 3904025 TI - [S. M. Popov--physician, public figure]. PMID- 3904026 TI - [Problems of medicine in the works and practical activities of V. N. Tatishchev]. PMID- 3904027 TI - [History of medicine in the museums of France]. PMID- 3904028 TI - [Functional status of the small intestine in dysentery Sonnei and Flexneri]. PMID- 3904029 TI - [Treatment of male hypogonadism]. PMID- 3904030 TI - [Carcino-embryonic antigen in cancer of the large intestine (review of the literature)]. PMID- 3904031 TI - [Epidemiology of Kaposi's sarcoma]. PMID- 3904032 TI - [Ionizing radiation: radiation sources, radiation dosage, radiation effects. I. Radiation dosage from natural sources and the civilization-related increase in radiation load from natural sources]. PMID- 3904033 TI - [Comparative studies using sonography and hypotonic duodenography in chronic pancreatitis for differential diagnostic purposes]. PMID- 3904034 TI - [Ionizing radiation. Radiation sources, radiation dosage, radiation effects. II. Radiation dosage from natural sources and the civilization-induced increase in the radiation dosage from natural sources]. PMID- 3904035 TI - Perspectives on anxiety. AB - An overview of the concept of anxiety from various perspectives, ranging from the biological through the psychological to the sociocultural, is presented. PMID- 3904036 TI - Liver transplantation in children--therapy or fantasy? PMID- 3904037 TI - In vitro chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria in the Natal/Kwazulu area. AB - Blood samples from 77 patients with Plasmodium falciparum malaria resident in the Natal/Kwazulu area, were tested for chloroquine resistance by an in vitro microtechnique; 6 of these patients were infected by asexual parasites which proved resistant in varying degrees to chloroquine. Resistance, expressed in terms of picomoles chloroquine base per well in which schizont development was completely inhibited, ranged from 16 pmol to greater than 24 pmol. On the evidence it would appear likely that these patients were infected during visits to Mozambique or areas immediately bordering Mozambique. PMID- 3904038 TI - Prosthetic heart valve replacement. Choice of prosthesis in a young, underdeveloped population group. AB - Despite recent advances in the perfection of cardiac valve prostheses, complications still bedevil the currently available models. To a degree, valve replacement is simply exchanging one disease for another. Mechanical prostheses are durable but associated with a high incidence of thrombo-embolic complications, while tissue valves are more resistant to thrombosis and thrombo embolism but lack durability. The choice of prosthesis must be tailored to the individual patient's requirements, keeping in mind the social, economic and cultural characteristics of the population. Qualified support for conservative valve surgery (valvuloplasty) whenever reasonably possible would seem appropriate, even if it is later proved to have limited durability. PMID- 3904039 TI - Captopril once daily in patients with essential hypertension and hyperuricaemia. AB - Captopril (Capoten; Squibb) 100 mg was given as once-daily monotherapy in 20 patients with hypertension and hyperuricaemia. Ten patients (group A) maintained a low-sodium diet (60-100 mmol/d) throughout the study and 10 (group B) continued their usual high-sodium (200-300 mmol/d) diet. After 4 weeks of active treatment supine blood pressure in group A decreased from 192 +/- 5/119 +/- 3 mmHg to 144 +/- 3/95 +/- 3 mmHg (P less than 0,001), whereas pressures in group B varied between 168 +/- 5/115 +/- 3 mmHg and 160 +/- 6/113 +/- 4 mmHg (not significant). Serum urate values fell from 0,46 +/- 0,02 mmol/l to 0,35 +/- 0,02 mmol/l (P less than 0,001) and 0,53 +/- 0,02 mmol/l to 0,46 +/- 0,03 mmol/l (P less than 0,05) in the same groups. Captopril exerted an antihypertensive effect in patients receiving a low-sodium diet, suggesting a relationship with angiotensin II and/or aldosterone; effects on serum urate levels appeared to be independent of diet. PMID- 3904040 TI - Comparative bio-availability of four formulations of furosemide. AB - Twelve healthy white male volunteers participated in a randomized double-blind cross-over study to compare the bio-availability of four brands of furosemide marketed in the RSA. A 40 mg tablet of each of the following formulations, purchased at random, was administered: Aquasin; Furetic; Lasix; and Puresis. Blood specimens were taken up to 5 hours and urine specimens collected up to 6 hours after medication. The following parameters were used to compare the formulations: (i) area under the plasma concentration time curve (AUC); (ii) maximal plasma concentration of furosemide (Cmax); (iii) time to maximal furosemide plasma concentration; (iv) cumulative urine volumes; and (v) cumulative excretion of furosemide in urine. Lasix was significantly superior to the other three products in respect of AUC and Cmax. With regard to cumulative urine volumes Lasix was significantly (P less than 0,05) superior to Aquasin in the first 3 hours after medication, significantly superior (P less than 0,05) to Puresis and comparable to Furetic over the entire 6-hour collection period. Lasix resulted in a significantly greater cumulative urinary excretion of furosemide than Puresis and Aquasin over the entire collection period. Lasix was superior to Furetic at 6 hours after medication. It is concluded that the bio-availability of Lasix is superior to that of the other products tested. PMID- 3904041 TI - Perioperative care of the surgical neonate. AB - This article provides an overview of perinatal physiology and common pathophysiologic events that are likely to complicate the clinical course of neonates requiring surgical procedures. The special needs and problems of the premature newborn are emphasized. References are provided for a more detailed analysis of the normal and abnormal transition from fetus to newborn. PMID- 3904042 TI - Congenital diaphragmatic hernia. AB - Congenital diaphragmatic hernia continues to be a critical problem in neonatal surgery. Despite the apparent simplicity of the anatomic defect, the physiology is complex, and survival remains uncertain. Surgical success has been achieved, but we recognize that the barrier to survival is pulmonary parenchymal and vascular hypoplasia as well as the complex syndrome of persistent fetal circulation. In many ways the problem of diaphragmatic hernia is as much of an enigma to today's physician-scientist as it was to Bochdalek in the nineteenth century. The treatment of respiratory distress after repair of congenital diaphragmatic hernia has brought out the most creative and innovative efforts of pediatric surgeons in both the laboratory and the intensive care unit. PMID- 3904043 TI - Abdominal pain unrelated to trauma. AB - This article reviews the more common causes of abdominal pain in children. It is divided into three sections to emphasize differential diagnosis. For some problems responsible for abdominal pain surgery is essential, for some surgery may not be initially required but may be unavoidable, and for others the condition is purely medical and surgery should be avoided. Armed with a complete differential diagnosis, the general surgical resident may avoid many pitfalls. PMID- 3904044 TI - Non-neonatal intestinal obstruction in children. AB - This article is intended to update the general surgeon on and inform the general surgical resident of new concepts in pediatric bowel obstruction. Specifically, newer diagnostic modalities are discussed, and more emphasis is directed toward diagnoses that the general surgeon is more apt to encounter. PMID- 3904045 TI - Pediatric hepatobiliary disease. AB - The surgical aspects of pediatric hepatobiliary disease concern a unique set of diagnoses, disease processes, diagnostic issues, and treatment problems. In this context, this article discusses features of biliary atresia, choledochal cyst, gallbladder disease, and liver abscess in the infant, child, and adolescent. PMID- 3904046 TI - Surgical diseases of the spleen. AB - Recognition of the spleen's important immune function has led to a more conservative surgical approach to the spleen. This has proved to be both safe and beneficial to the patient. PMID- 3904047 TI - Multisystem trauma. AB - Several unique features of childhood anatomy and physiology mandate an approach to evaluation and treatment of multiply injured children that differs from that applied to adults. Details of this approach have been presented, with particular emphasis, on early, aggressive multimodal imaging, nonoperative management of splenic, hepatic, renal, and duodenal injuries, and specific aids in early precise definition of extent of injury (contrast-enhanced CT, serum levels of hepatic enzymes, and diagnostic peritoneal lavage). The outcome of this approach preserves maximum function and minimizes morbidity when performed in an institution having the requisite supportive resources. PMID- 3904048 TI - [Ovulation induction using synthetic LHRH]. PMID- 3904049 TI - Medulloblastomas: a review of modern management with a report on 75 cases. AB - The authors summarize the 8-year experience of a tertiary medical center with 75 cases of medulloblastoma in Saudi Arabia. A discussion of the evolution of modern management of this difficult problem ensues. As 5-year survival statistics approach 80% in some institutions, attention is being focused on the long-term effects of modern therapy and the quality of life led by these children. PMID- 3904050 TI - Auxiliary transplantation of part of the liver improves survival and provides metabolic support in pigs with acute liver failure. AB - In pigs subtotal ischemic liver cell necrosis was induced 4 days after auxiliary transplantation of 60% of the liver of an MLC-compatible donor (ATPL group, n = 13). In control animals (n = 14) temporary liver ischemia was preceded by division of the hepatic ligaments and creation of an end-to-side portacaval shunt. In the ATPL group six animals died of gastric hemorrhage, intestinal strangulation, or sepsis. The remaining seven animals survived in excellent condition until sacrifice 26 days after the induction of liver ischemia. Excellent graft function was demonstrated by uptake and excretion of 99mTc-HIDA at cholescintigraphy, ammonia detoxification, synthesis of clotting factors and glucohomeostasis. EEG recordings in the animals that underwent transplantation did not change from preischemic levels. Evidence of hepatic regeneration was found in the transplanted livers but could not be demonstrated in the damaged host livers. The control animals died in coma within 72 hours. These results indicate that auxiliary transplantation of a partial liver provides metabolic support and improves survival in animals with induced acute liver failure. PMID- 3904051 TI - The value of needle renal allograft biopsy. III. A prospective study. AB - Previous studies of the value of percutaneous renal transplant biopsy have been retrospective. We prospectively studied whether biopsy affected patient management. Thirty-five patients with elevated serum creatinine level underwent 44 biopsies in situations in which the diagnosis was in doubt. At the time of biopsy, all clinical and laboratory data were reviewed, and a proposed treatment plan was outlined. Biopsy results were available within 24 hours. We evaluated whether biopsy influenced treatment. Other than hematuria (less than 24 hours), there were no complications. Nine biopsy specimens (20.5%) were inadequate for evaluation. Forty-six percent of adequate biopsy specimens (36% of total biopsy specimens) influenced patient management. Adequate biopsy specimens resulted in a change in treatment in 10 of 19 patients receiving prednisone and azathioprine and 6 of 16 receiving prednisone and cyclosporine. The remaining biopsy specimens, although not changing management confirmed the treatment plan in ambiguous clinical situations. We conclude that percutaneous biopsy is an important aid in patient management. PMID- 3904053 TI - Prosthetic reconstructions on osseointegrated implants. Proceedings of the Gothenburg Conference. Gothenburg, Sweden, September 29-30, 1983. PMID- 3904052 TI - In vivo growth of Escherichia coli. PMID- 3904054 TI - Occlusal force pattern in dentitions restored with mandibular bridges supported on osseointegrated implants. PMID- 3904055 TI - Masticatory muscle function in patients rehabilitated with OIB. PMID- 3904056 TI - Masticatory movements in patients treated with fixed prosthesis on osseointegrated dental implants in the mandible. AB - Mandibular movements were recorded by means of an optoelectronic system (Sel spot) in 16 complete denture wearers before and after insertion of tissue integrated prostheses in the mandible. Analysis of the single chewing cycle revealed an obvious increase in mandibular velocity and displacement after rehabilitation. The duration of the occlusion phase was also significantly shortened, probably due to the stabilization of the occlusion provided by the fixed implant bridge. PMID- 3904057 TI - Osseointegrated bridge construction in partially edentulous patients. PMID- 3904058 TI - Osseointegration in overdenture therapy. Preliminary comments. PMID- 3904059 TI - Radiographic techniques for precision analysis of bridges on osseointegrated fixtures. PMID- 3904060 TI - Marginal tissue reactions at osseointegrated titanium fixtures. AB - A longitudinal prospective and a cross-sectional retrospective study were undertaken in order to investigate the marginal tissue reactions at osseointegrated titanium fixtures and their abutments, supporting fixed bridges. Conventional clinical periodontal examination methods were combined with a serial identical radiography. At the termination of the studies samples were taken for microbiological and histological analyses. Altogether the reactions at 220 fixtures in 40 jaws were explored. The clinical parameters were not found correlated with the other examination methods. Only 0.9 mm marginal bone was lost as a mean during the first year and then not more than 0.05-0.07 mm as a mean annually for the follow-up years. A stress-related remodelling of the perifixtural bone was observed radiographically. The microbiotia in the gingival pockets was dominated by cocci and non-motile rods (94%), indicating a favourable composition if similar findings had been observed at teeth. Half the number of the biopsies had no inflammatory infiltrates and a further third had the lowest inflammatory score in a 3-grade scale. The results indicate that the soft tissue surrounding the gingival part of osseointegrated fixtures remains remarkably healthy, which, in combination with the annual minor loss of marginal bone, is an indication of good long-term clinical prognosis. PMID- 3904061 TI - Aspects of surface physics on titanium implants. PMID- 3904062 TI - Bone remodelling at implant sites after irradiation injury. Methodological approaches to study the effects of Co60 administered in a single dose of 15 Gy. PMID- 3904063 TI - Prosthetic material properties with special reference to aspects of dental polymer resins. PMID- 3904064 TI - Design of superstructures for osseointegrated fixtures. PMID- 3904065 TI - Clinical application of osseointegration. An introduction. PMID- 3904066 TI - On electric current creation in patients treated with osseointegrated dental bridges. AB - Electric currents are created when metals or metal alloys are immersed and make contact with each other in an electrolyte. As such metallic contacts are created in the oral cavity also at treatments with osseointegrated fixed bridges ad modum Branemark, the generated currents were studied in vivo. In four subjects, all wearing osseointegrated mandibular dental bridges and complete maxillary acrylic dentures, the bridges were removed leaving the osseointegrated titanium abutments exposed in the oral cavity. Potentials and polarizations were determined independently for all the titanium abutments and gold alloy bridges and from the obtained data the maximum electric currents generated at contact between the materials were calculated. The results of this study showed that, generally speaking, in the oral cavity dental gold alloy was electrochemically more noble than titanium implants. The mean potential difference between the two metallic systems was found to be 73 mV and the mean generated maximum electric currents was in the magnitude of 26 microA at oral contacts between titanium and dental gold alloy. PMID- 3904067 TI - On the application of photogrammetry to the fitting of jawbone-anchored bridges. AB - Misfit between a jawbone-anchored bridge and the abutments in the patient's jaw may result in, for example, fixture fracture. To achieve improved alignment, the bridge base could be prepared in a numerically-controlled tooling machine using measured abutment coordinates as primary data. For each abutment, the measured values must comprise the coordinates of a reference surface as well as the spatial orientation of the fixture/abutment longitudinal axis. Stereophotogrammetry was assumed to be the measuring method of choice. To assess its potentials, a lower-jaw model with accurately positioned signals was stereophotographed and the films were measured in a stereocomparator. Model-space coordinates, computed from the image coordinates, were compared to the known signal coordinates. The root-mean-square error in position was determined to 0.03 0.08 mm, the maximum individual error amounting to 0.12 mm, whereas the r. m. s. error in axis direction was found to be 0.5-1.5 degrees with a maximum individual error of 1.8 degrees. These errors are of the same order as can be achieved by careful impression techniques. The method could be useful, but because of its complexity, stereophotogrammetry is not recommended as a standard procedure. PMID- 3904068 TI - [Dental treatment in the Stone Age]. PMID- 3904069 TI - Processing a dental ceramic by casting methods. PMID- 3904070 TI - Bulimia and monoamine oxidase inhibitors: a predictor study. PMID- 3904071 TI - Who we are: the political origins of the medical humanities. PMID- 3904072 TI - Regional distribution of pulmonary epithelial permeability in normal subjects and patients with asbestosis. AB - The overall and regional clearance of an inhaled isotope labelled solute from the lungs was examined on the basis of a 15 minute period of data collection, for which a technique was developed that does not require intravenous injection to correct for blood-tissue background activity. The technique was applied to 52 normal subjects (31 non-smokers and 21 smokers) and to 37 patients with asbestosis (21 non-smokers and 16 smokers). In normal smokers solute clearance was faster in the upper and middle zones, with a mean ratio of T1/2 LB (half time solute clearance from lungs to blood) in the upper two thirds to the lower one third of the lungs of 0.66 (0.28-1.33), compared with 1.24 (0.43-2.77) in normal non-smokers (p less than 0.002). In patients with asbestosis solute clearance was accelerated throughout the lungs even though radiographic abnormalities were limited to lower or lower to middle zones. Regional distribution of clearance was not affected by posture in normal subjects. Overall solute clearance was significantly faster in normal current smokers and in patients with asbestosis than in normal non-smokers (p less than 0.001 respectively). Among patients with asbestosis, smokers had faster overall clearance than non-smokers (p less than 0.01). Among normal non-smokers T1/2 LB was not significantly different between those who had never smoked and ex-smokers. Regional abnormalities in pulmonary epithelial permeability may offer insight into the pathogenesis of interstitial lung diseases and smoking related disorders. PMID- 3904073 TI - [Computer-assisted diagnosis of myocardial infarction]. PMID- 3904074 TI - [Computer-assisted diagnosis of acute abdominal pain. Experiences from a small county hospital]. PMID- 3904075 TI - [Ultrasonic diagnosis of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis]. PMID- 3904076 TI - [Rabies prevention in the Netherlands. Study on the ingestion of bait by foxes]. AB - A review of the history of the rabies situation in Europe, and specifically The Netherlands, is followed by a discussion of the measures so far adopted to control rabies among foxes. The ingestion of bait by foxes is then studied in view of possible oral vaccination against rabies. The Veluwe, situated in the middle of The Netherlands, was selected as a trial field. Boars live next to foxes here, and their food is comparable. Over sixty per cent of the foxes studied took the bait. Oral rabies vaccination can therefore also be carried out in foxes in the Veluwe area if required. PMID- 3904077 TI - [The histological study: an important parameter in checking the use of anabolics. Past, present, future?]. AB - The histological methods used in checking the administration of oestrogens to fattening calves, introduced in the Netherlands in 1967, are discussed. Because of the increased use of combined treatment with oestrogens and androgens (both synthetic and natural), the suitability of the above histological techniques has become doubtful. Moreover, exogenous natural steroid hormones were not found to constitute any hazard to public health and could be safely used in husbandry. If administration of such anabolics is permitted the reasons for histological examination would cease to exist. PMID- 3904078 TI - [A round trip through epidemiology]. AB - Descriptive and analytical epidemiology are reviewed. This discipline is to be considered to be a fundamental part of medicine. Many of its concepts and methods are applicable in veterinary medicine. PMID- 3904079 TI - Specific removal of anti-red cell blood group activity from anti-HLA lymphocytotoxic sera and purification of anti-A and anti-B antibodies with lymphocytotoxic activity. AB - Lymphocytotoxic antibodies to the red cell blood groups A and B were purified from human sera by elution from synthetic immunoadsorbents (Synsorbs from Chembiomed). The lymphocytotoxic activity of the eluted antibodies was better preserved when elution was carried out at pH 11, whereas it was less stable when elution was performed at pH3. In addition, complete removal of anti-red cell blood group activity from an anti-HLA serum was easily obtained by adsorption on the corresponding Synsorb without loss of anti-HLA activity. PMID- 3904080 TI - Intercalated discs of mammalian heart: a review of structure and function. AB - Intercalated discs are exceptionally complex entities, and possess considerable functional significance in terms of the workings of the myocardium. Examination of different species and heart regions indicates that the original histological term has become out-moded; it is likely, however, that all such complexes will continue to fall under the generic heading of 'intercalated discs'. The membranes of the intercalated discs establish specific associations with a variety of intracellular and extracellular structures, as well as with numerous types of proteins and glycoproteins. Characterization of discs and their components has already brought together a large number of research disciplines, including microscopy, cytochemistry, morphometry, cell isolation and culture, cell fractionation, cryogenics, immunology, biochemistry, and electrophysiology. The continued dissection of substance and function of intercalated discs will depend on such interdisciplinary approaches. The intercalated disc component which continues to attract the greatest amount of interest is the so-called gap junction. All indications thus far point to a great deal of inherent lability in the architecture of the gap junction. There is thus considerable potential for the creation of artefact while preserving and observing gap junctions, and this problem will doubtless continue to hamper the understanding of their functions. A question of special interest concerns whether the gap junctions of intercalated discs are required for transfer of electrical excitation between cells, or maintain cell-to-cell adhesion, or in fact subserve both electrical and structural phenomena. Two schools of thought exist with respect to cell-to-cell coupling in the heart. One proposes that low-resistance junctions in the discs mediate electrical coupling, whereas the other supports the possibility of coupling across ordinary high-resistance membranes. Thus the intercalated discs continue to be a source of controversy, just as they have been since they were originally discovered in heart muscle over a century ago. PMID- 3904081 TI - Characterization of mucrotoxin A from the venom of Trimeresurus mucrosquamatus (the Chinese habu snake). AB - Mucrotoxin A from the venom of Trimeresurus mucrosquamatus was isolated in homogeneous form by a previously published method. Mucrotoxin A did not hydrolyze casein, however, when dimethylcasein was used as a substrate, the toxin cleaved the substrate. This toxin also hydrolyzed the oxidized B chain of insulin and fibrinogen. The sites of cleavage in the oxidized B chain of insulin were identified as Ser(9)-His(10), His(10)-Leu(11), Ala(14)-Leu(15), Leu(15)-Tyr(16) and Tyr(16)-Leu(17). The toxin digested the A alpha chain of fibrinogen first, followed by hydrolysis of the B beta chain. The fact that no fibrin clot formed indicates that the sites of cleavage in the A alpha and B beta chains of fibrinogen by the toxin must be different from those cleaved by thrombin. Mucrotoxin A produced systemic hemorrhage in internal organs such as the heart and stomach. PMID- 3904082 TI - Urinary beta 2-microglobulin and retinol binding protein: individual fluctuations in cadmium-exposed workers. AB - Urinary retinol binding protein (RBP) and beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2-m) were compared in apparently healthy population groups with and without occupational exposure to cadmium (Cd). The relationship observed in neutral urine was: RBP (micrograms/mmol creatinine) = 0.786 + 0.814 beta 2-m (micrograms/mmol creatinine). This relationship was similar to that reported for patients with various renal diseases [13]. Analysis of urine samples collected weekly from workers exposed occupationally to Cd revealed marked fluctuations, not only in the concentration of the acid-labile beta 2-m but also in the level of the pre analytically more stable RBP. Therefore, repeated sampling and urine analyses are suggested as means to obtain more reliable data when monitoring Cd-exposed personnel. PMID- 3904083 TI - Cortical actin structures and their relationship to mammalian cell movements. PMID- 3904084 TI - Functional aspects of gram-negative cell surfaces. PMID- 3904085 TI - Membrane fusion. PMID- 3904086 TI - Fluorescence probes unravel asymmetric structure of membranes. PMID- 3904087 TI - Individualization of cyclosporine therapy using pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters. PMID- 3904088 TI - Orthotopic liver transplantation in pigs. An evaluation of different methods of avoiding the revascularization syndrome. AB - During hypothermia of a liver to be transplanted, a large quantity of K+ accumulates, which may cause myocardial dysfunction at revascularization. In our study we attempted to prevent this electrolytic imbalance. We used 58 Landrace pigs for 29 orthotopic liver transplants. The animals were divided into three groups. In group 1, vascular anastomoses were performed and the liver was revascularized with no specific attempt to prevent hyperkalemia. In group 2, the liver was perfused via the portal vein prior to revascularization in order to flush K+ and acid radicals. In group 3, extracorporeal circulation (ECC) between the previously anastomized inferior vena cava (IVC) below the liver and the jugular vein was employed. At revascularization, the blood was drained from the organ into the ECC which was equipped with a polyacrylonitrile dialyzer (PAN). The recipients in group 1 were subject to cardiac arrest caused by hyperkalemia and acidosis at revascularization. The recipients in group 2 showed myocardial dysfunction during revascularization; in 20% of the cases, cardiac arrest ensued. In group 3 the blood that flowed into the PAN before reentering systemic circulation showed normal levels of K+ and a normal acid base balance. The animals in this group did not demonstrate any changes in cardiac rhythm (group 1:K+ = 12.95 +/- 2.77; group 2:K+ = 7.17 +/- 2.34; [1-2 P less than 0.01]; group 3:K+ = 2.96 +/- 0.76; [1-3 P less than 0.001]). PMID- 3904089 TI - Induction of DR/IA antigens in human liver allografts. An immunocytochemical and clinicopathologic analysis of twenty failed grafts. AB - Twenty failed human liver allograft specimens obtained at the time of retransplantation procedures were studied using a panel of monoclonal antibodies (T11, T4, T8, NK, B1, OKM1, OKM5, Ia, DR). A clinicopathologic analysis was used to distinguish between graft failures secondary to rejection (n = 10) and those due, at least in part, to other causes (n = 10). T lymphocytes constituted the major infiltrating cellular population in the liver in rejection cases, but significant numbers of B cells and monocytes/macrophages were present also. Following transplantation, but not before, the bile duct epithelium, as well as portal and central vein and hepatic artery endothelium expressed DR/Ia antigens. These structures are preferential targets of the rejection reaction. The selective destruction of bile ducts in livers undergoing rejection was manifested in these patients by striking elevations of serum gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGTP) activity, a marker of biliary epithelial damage. The induced expression of DR/Ia antigens on structures targeted for immune destruction may be an important event in the pathogenesis of liver allograft rejection. PMID- 3904090 TI - Regulatory influence of thymopentin on splenic T cell sets of thymectomized and aged mice. AB - Thymectomy of mice aged 6-8 weeks causes a disproportion of splenic T cell sets, the Ly123 set being relatively decreased and the Ly23 set relatively increased (Ly123 decrease: Ly23 increase). A similar disproportion of splenic T cell sets was found to occur spontaneously with advancing age (12-18 months). By PA-SRBC assay, the total number of splenic Lyt+ cells is not appreciably reduced by thymectomy or by aging, but the Thy-1+ cell count falls by about 40% according to both PA-SRBC and cytotoxicity assays. Thus there is an increase in the number of Lyt+ cells expressing sub-threshold amounts of Thy-1. The following observations show that thymopentin (TP-5), a synthetic pentapeptide analogue of thymopoietin, counteracts these changes in thymectomized and aged mice. As reported previously, the capacity of C3H/HeJ female mice to reject C3H/HeJ male skin was raised by thymectomy, or with age, and treatment with TP-5 substantially normalized the rejection response. Here we correlate these findings with changes in the profile of splenic T cell sets. The splenic T cell set profile of thymectomized B6-Tlaa male and female mice was essentially restored by TP-5. The Ly123 decrease: Ly123 increase change caused by thymectomy was not associated with obviously altered proportions of Qa-1+ and Qa-1- subsets. Treatment of aged mice with TP-5 also prevented the onset of changes in splenic T cell sets that occur spontaneously with age. Thus thymectomy and aging give rise to disproportions of splenic T cell sets, and in C3H female mice to a heightened capacity for male skin rejection, both effects being largely abrogated by the TP-5 derivative of thymopoietin. PMID- 3904091 TI - Immune mechanisms in organ allograft rejection. V. Pivotal role of the cytotoxic suppressor T cell subset in the rejection of heart grafts bearing isolated class I disparities in the inbred rat. AB - The cellular requirements for rejection of heart grafts bearing isolated major histocompatibility complex (MHC) subregion RT1A-encoded class I disparities was assessed by adoptive transfer. Sublethally irradiated (780 rads) (PVG X WF)F1 recipients of irradiated PVG-RT1r1 heart grafts were selectively reconstituted with spleen cells from syngeneic donors previously sensitized with two sequential PVG-RT1r1 skin grafts. PVG-RT1r1 heart grafts were rejected acutely in recipients reconstituted with 10 X 10(6) unfractionated immune spleen cells (7-9 days, n = 6) or inocula (5 X 10(6) cells) depleted of SIg+ cells (10-13 days, n = 5), but additional depletion of cytotoxic T cells and their precursors (OX8+) resulted in marked prolongation of graft survival (n = 4, 4 X 10(6) cells, 45-67 days). Reducing the reconstituting inocula from 4 X 10(6) to 2.5 X 10(6) spleen cells (OX8-, SIg-) prolonged graft survival to that observed in unreconstituted recipients (generally greater than 100 days). Additional studies were performed to define the immunologic basis for prolonged survival of PVG-RT1r1 heart grafts in homozygous PVG recipients. Although lymphoid cells of naive PVG failed to proliferate (stimulation index [SI] 1.01, P = NS) on coculture with irradiated PVG-RT1r1, bulk cultures yielding but weak and variable CTL generation, lymphoid cells from specifically sensitized PVG proliferated (SI 4.25, P less than .001) and generated greater cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity (P less than .001) under identical conditions, strongly suggesting, therefore, that prolonged heart graft survival in this strain combination is related to low CTL precursor frequency. Further, though PVG-RT1r1 heart grafts were rejected in 10-12 days (n = 3) by (PVG X WF)F1 recipients, (PVG-RT1r1 X WF)F1----(PVG X WF)F1 heart grafts (RT1Aa disparity) survived greater than 100 days despite an equivalent alloimmune response, and this was shown to correlate with a reduced sensitivity of (PVG RT1r1 X WF)F1 target cells to lysis by CTL. These data, therefore, strongly suggest that the pivotal role of CTL in the rejection of class-I-disparate heart grafts is, in fact, related to their function in direct cell-mediated cytolysis. PMID- 3904092 TI - Mouse skin graft prolongation with donor strain bone marrow and antilymphocyte serum. Effect of donor age. PMID- 3904093 TI - Splenectomy in experimental pancreas transplantation. PMID- 3904094 TI - Accessory heart transplantation to groin in the rat. A new model for retransplantation experiments. PMID- 3904095 TI - Failure of pretransplant third-party and preoperative donor-specific blood transfusion to improve heterotopic cardiac allograft survival in baboons. PMID- 3904096 TI - Karyotypic chimerism and rejection in a pancreaticoduodenosplenic transplant. PMID- 3904097 TI - Monoclonal antibody for reversal of acute renal allograft rejection in pediatric patients. PMID- 3904098 TI - [Capacity of bone marrow cells to restore thrombocytopoiesis in lethally irradiated animals]. AB - A study was made of the kinetics of thrombocytopoiesis restoration in lethally irradiated mice after transplantation to them of the donor marrow cells. In the initial period, the thrombocytopoiesis restoration is provided by transite cells precursors of megakaryocytes present in the transplanted bone marrow; the subsequent restoration is due to cells of the self-maintaining population. The level of restoration does not correlate with the number of polypotent cells that form macrocolonies in the spleen of irradiated recipients. PMID- 3904099 TI - [Analysis of the kinetic growth patterns of cultured cells. I. The model]. AB - On the basis of the Verhulst-Pearl equation, a model of cultured cell growth kinetics is devised. Analysing both authors' and literature data, a possibility was shown to use the model for description of growth kinetics of different cultured cell types. The proposed method of analysis of cell growth kinetic characteristics also provides a rapid evaluation of the cell population doubling time and of the relative number of non-dividing cells in the population. PMID- 3904100 TI - [Structural and functional analysis of the respiratory burst in the phagocytosing macrophage]. AB - The interrelation between structural changes and oxygen consumption by the phagocyting macrophage was studied. The mean number of phagocyted particles was estimated by the method of stereological transformation. It is found that the uptake of yeast particles and CN- -nonsensitive oxygen consumption is related to the concentration of yeast cells in the incubation medium. A positive correlation was established between the oxygen consumption and the mean number of phagocyted particles. The results obtained may suggest that the "respiration burst" takes place in the contact area of the macrophage and the phagocyted material, and its extent probably depends on the surface of that contact area. PMID- 3904101 TI - [Variability in the intensity of albumin synthesis in mouse hepatocytes]. AB - Using immunoenzyme method followed by the cytophotometrical determination of individual protein content in single cells, a comparative analysis was made of albumin contents in hepatocytes of inbred mouse stocks significantly differing in their albumin contents in the blood. Some reasons of heterogeneity of parenchymal liver cells in respect to albumin synthesis were identified. The content of albumin in hepatocytes was shown to correlate with the cell ploidy. A probable contribution of the tissue level to gene expression control is discussed. PMID- 3904102 TI - The antiemetic efficacy of methylprednisolone compared with metoclopramide in outpatients receiving adjuvant CMF chemotherapy for breast cancer: a randomized trial. AB - A randomized trial was performed comparing the antiemetic efficacy of methylprednisolone (MPN) and metoclopramide (MCP) in 60 breast cancer patients eligible for outpatient adjuvant chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and 5-FU (CMF). At the time of their first chemotherapy course patients were randomized to receive either MPN 375 mg or MCP 1 mg/kg both administered in 3 equal doses, IV just prior to chemotherapy and then IM 6 and 12 hours after treatment. Patients receiving MPN experienced significantly less nausea (p less than 0.0005) and vomiting (p less than 0.0005) and antiemetic protection was maintained in patients receiving multiple chemotherapy courses. Complete protection (0 emesis) was observed in 58% of patients receiving MPN as compared with 20% of patients treated with MCP (p less than 0.005). The most frequent side effects were facial flush in 38% of patients and somnolence in 15% of patients receiving MPN and MCP, respectively. Complete protection from CMF induced gastrointestinal side effects was observed in two-thirds of our patients receiving antiemetic MPN treatment. In these patients administration of the maximum cumulative CMF dose was possible without impairing their quality of life. MPN, at the dose and schedule reported, is an affective antiemetic drug suitable for use in breast cancer outpatients receiving adjuvant CMF therapy. PMID- 3904103 TI - Myelofibrosis and true histiocytic lymphoma. AB - A 60-year-old female presented with a history of progressive shortness of breath, fever, and weight loss of 55 pounds. The work-up consisting of computerized axial tomography (CT) scan of thorax and abdomen, mediastinoscopy, and bilateral bone marrow aspiration and biopsy revealed a large-cell or histiocytic lymphoma involving bone marrow with myelofibrosis. Further immunologic and ultrastructural investigation confirmed the true histiocytic origin of the tumor. The patient was treated with 12 courses of intravenous cyclophosphamide, onconvin, doxorubicin, and prednisone and achieved a complete remission with disappearance of clinical symptoms, normal CT scan of thorax and abdomen, and normal bone marrow with disappearance of myelofibrosis from the same site as the previous bone marrow test. At present the patient is in complete remission. We present this case because of the previously unreported association between histiocytic lymphoma and myelofibrosis, and the unusually good response to chemotherapy and the disappearance of fibrosis from the marrow. PMID- 3904104 TI - [On the centenary of the birth of Academician A. V. Palladin]. PMID- 3904105 TI - [Structural organization of the fibrinogen molecule]. AB - A brief review of the chemical structure of the fibrinogen molecule, its proteolytic fragmentation, physicochemical and functional properties of proteolytic fragments is presented. The previous notions on the structure of the fibrinogen molecule are considered as well as new data obtained by the methods of scanning microcalorimetry, electron microscopy and by other methods which permit suggesting some models for structural organization of the fibrinogen molecule. PMID- 3904106 TI - [Regulatory role of amino acids in protein biosynthesis; effect of various factors]. AB - The paper embraces data available in literature and the results of the author's investigations which show synergism and antagonism interrelations between certain amino acids in the processes of transmembrane transport, amino acylation of transfer RNA and incorporation into protein. These interrelations may lead to activation and inhibition of the protein biosynthesis. It is established that an excess of any amino acid created with its administration into the organism induces the inhibition of biosynthesis and activity of the corresponding aminoacyl-tRNA-synthetase (ARSase), while deficiency of an amino acid intensifies the biosynthesis of the corresponding ARSase. Homogeneous crystalline proteins, such as aldolase of rabbit skeletal muscles, collagen I of rat skin, globin of chicken blood and others, are used as an example to show that as a result of feeding of the amino acid excess to animals, especially against a background of protein deficiency, the biosynthesis intensity changes and proteins with other primary structure and properties are synthetized. This testifies to that amino acids being substrates in the protein biosynthesis are regulators in this process. It is established that the biosynthesis of proteins with other primary structure under conditions of complete fasting, protein deprivation, feeding of an excess of certain amino acids to animals against a background of protein deficiency, atherosclerosis and other extremal states of the organism is not a result of erroneous incorporation of amino acids but is the process of regular, specific and stable character for each state and may be predicted. The biosynthesis of the protein with other primary structure under the effect of extremal conditions is caused, apparently, by capability to the changes of the proteinsynthetizing system. PMID- 3904107 TI - [The role of vitamin E in the body]. AB - The basic experimental data obtained at the Department of Coenzymes' Biochemistry of the A. V. Palladin Institute of Biochemistry of the Ukr. SSR Academy of Sciences as to the biological role of vitamin E are analyzed. Vitamin E, selenium and methionine are found to induce peculiar changes in the activity of glutathione-peroxidase, metabolism of sulphur-containing amino acids, biosynthesis of adenine nucleotides, proteins and nucleic acids. Participation of alpha-tocopherol and its active derivatives in the control of biosynthesis and intertransformation of ubiquinone and its cyclic isomer, ubichromenol, in the animal organism, is proved, which determines to a considerable extent the biological role of vitamin E in the bioenergy processes. It is substantiated in experiments that the detected wide range of the biological effect of vitamin E is associated with the control of RNA biosynthesis. Under these conditions the effect of vitamin E on the RNA synthesis does not depend on the manifestation of antioxidant properties of its molecule and in this sense it is a specific one. The results obtained are discussed for their significance in explanation of the molecular mechanism of the vitamin E action and in substantiation of the possibility to use the results in practical medicine and animal husbandry. PMID- 3904108 TI - [The present status regarding the preventive treatment of deep venous thromboembolism]. PMID- 3904109 TI - [Prevention of postoperative venous thrombosis. A comparison between low-dose heparin and graduated compression stockings]. PMID- 3904110 TI - [Dazoxiben compared with verapamil in the treatment of stable angina pectoris evaluated by an exercise test]. PMID- 3904111 TI - [The effect of beclomethasone on postoperative pulmonary function]. PMID- 3904112 TI - [Pindolol versus metoprolol. An echocardiographic evaluation of left ventricular function in the 2 regimes]. PMID- 3904113 TI - [Captopril in the treatment of hypertension in patients with renal insufficiency]. PMID- 3904114 TI - [Susceptibility of uropathogenic bacteria to mecillinam, ampicillin and a combination of mecillinam and ampicillin]. PMID- 3904115 TI - Local histogram information content of ultrasound B-mode echographic texture. AB - In the diagnostic ultrasound community, the echographic B-scan texture is an important area of investigation since it can be analyzed to characterize the histologic state of internal tissues. In the present paper, a minicomputer based system was used to digitize B-mode images and to develop a method to measure their textural information. This method is based on the concept of local information content of spatial image proposed by Lowitz (1983, 1984). It first measures the local gray-level histogram in a small square window centered on each picture element (pixel) of a digitized B-mode image. The information derived from the local histograms is then used to characterize the tissues, to partition the B mode image into homogeneous zones of texture, to estimate to what extent a tissue is different from another, to delimit the contours of a tissue and to measure its surface. The method is illustrated on the thyroid gland but it can be applied to the study of other organs. PMID- 3904116 TI - [Precancerous lesions of the vulva]. PMID- 3904117 TI - [Ultrastructural and immunocytochemical markers of soft tissue sarcomas]. PMID- 3904118 TI - [The Michel Sarrazin house 1975-1985]. PMID- 3904119 TI - Current status of excretory urography. A premature epitaph? AB - Although there can be no doubt that the once lofty stature of the IVU in clinical urology has been gradually eroded by many forces, the study still retains an important place in urologic diagnosis. In spite of inroads made by CT, ultra sonography, radionuclide scans, and other modalities, there is still diagnostic information that is best supplied by the IVU. It appears safe to say that the IVU will be with us for many years to come. Indeed, it seems fair to add that the practice of urology and uroradiology would be very difficult without it. PMID- 3904120 TI - Ultrasonography of the upper genitourinary tract. AB - Ultrasonography is now well established as an accurate, noninvasive means of evaluating the genitourinary tract in patients of all age groups. Ease, speed, and portability of real-time have made ultra-sonography one of the most readily accessible imaging procedures. Most authorities concede that it is best utilized as a complement to other imaging modalities. This article describes and illustrates the many pathologic processes involving the upper genitourinary tract that can be accurately diagnosed utilizing real-time ultrasonography. PMID- 3904121 TI - Ultrasonography of the lower genitourinary tract. AB - As techniques and equipment become even more sophisticated, the use of diagnostic ultra-sound should expand. More accurate diagnoses, simplification of invasive techniques, and increased benefit of therapeutic techniques can be expected. PMID- 3904122 TI - Computed tomography of the lower urinary tract. AB - CT can be helpful in staging bladder and prostate cancer as described previously. The limitations are significant in certain aspects of staging. It is important for the future to compare state-of-the-art computed tomographic scanning with newer imaging modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging, which is currently being evaluated for staging these particular tumors. PMID- 3904123 TI - Current status of renal angiography. AB - It is apparent that while indications for renal angiography remain, they have significantly decreased and changed over the years, with angiography having largely been replaced by other imaging modalities. It is perhaps indicative of the current role of renal angiography that at the 1985 courses and meetings of both the Society of Cardiovascular Radiology and the Society of Uroradiology there was virtually no discussion of this modality except as applied to the study and therapy of renovascular hypertension. Angiography is no longer the only and frequently not the best method of establishing the need for renal tumor surgery; however, it may prove indispensable in planning that surgery. It is no longer felt to be productive to use angiography in the differential diagnosis of chronic renal disease and renal failure or in the investigation of renal transplant rejection other than that related to anastomotic problems, despite the fact that the angiographic findings in these conditions have been well described. Magnetic resonance imaging shows early promise in this area of diagnosis. When angiography is performed, it is more often than not as a preliminary to an interventional, catheter-mediated procedure, rather than for a purely diagnostic purpose. As the efficient utilization of medical resources becomes of greater concern, the selection of the procedure most likely to be definitive from among the many imaging possibilities available in the genitourinary tract becomes a major responsibility of the treating physician and the radiologist in consultation. Both must be willing to adopt new and more efficient techniques as they become established, retaining older modalities in those situations in which the latter maintain superiority, at all times avoiding needless multiplicity of examinations. PMID- 3904124 TI - Renal digital subtraction angiography. AB - Renal digital imaging has progressed rapidly in reliability and potential since its clinical introduction in 1979. The advent of larger image intensifiers has made feasible subtraction imaging of the renal parenchyma and collecting systems as an adjunct to IV-DSA. The growing use of IA-DSA has expanded the utility of the technology to the examination of the intrarenal circulation, contrast sensitive patients, and the performance of interventional procedures. There are experimental works suggesting that it may be feasible to derive accurate physiologic data reflecting renal blood flow and excretion from sequential alterations in intravascular contrast density. Thus, anatomic abnormalities and their significance might conceivably be determined, with minimal patient discomfort, from the same imaging procedure. The development of digital imaging technology and techniques continues to be of major interest to both academic and commercial investigators. Thus, further improvements in digital imaging and expansion of its capabilities are likely to occur. PMID- 3904125 TI - Magnetic resonance imaging of the genitourinary tract. AB - Magnetic resonance imaging, in general, is in a state of evolution. This article demonstrates its potential use in the diagnosis of genitourinary pathology. Controlled studies will be required, however, in order to determine the place of this imaging modality in the vast array of imaging options currently available to the radiologist and urologic surgeon. It is expected that, in the not too distant future, the indications for magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of genitourinary disorders will become clear. PMID- 3904126 TI - Embolization techniques in the urinary tract. AB - Transcatheter embolization of genitourinary pathology has enjoyed widespread acceptance over the past several years. In many centers, preoperative embolization of hypervascular renal-cell carcinomas has become a routine practice and, in patients deemed unresectable, may be used as a primary form of therapy. The authors present the indications for embolization and discuss relevant technical points. PMID- 3904127 TI - Adrenal imaging. AB - The problems inherent in visualizing the adrenal glands are illustrated by the variety of imaging modalities that have been employed. Although urography has been the basic screening examination, one can make a sound argument for CT as the procedure of choice in the evaluation of the patient with suspected adrenal pathology. Angiography, venous sampling, and radionuclide studies continue to have a role in selected problem cases. This article reviews the usefulness of available modalities in the context of the clinical evaluation of adrenal disease. PMID- 3904128 TI - Intraoperative localization of renal calculi. AB - With the success of extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy and the percutaneous techniques of stone removal, conventional stone surgery will be reserved for the more complex cases. In order to reduce the recurrence rate, it is essential that all free calculi be removed at the time of surgery. The authors would suggest careful preoperative evaluation of stones with intravenous urography, tomography, and appropriate oblique and lateral views to determine size, number, and location of all calculi. Retrograde studies with a combination of contrast and CO2 can further define caliceal arrangement and identify obstructed calices or narrowed infundibuli that may require surgical repair. At the time of surgery, complete renal mobilization will facilitate all localization techniques. Elevation of the kidney with cotton tapes allows proper alignment of the x-ray beam and target (kidney and film). If extensive scar tissue or perinephric inflammation prevents adequate mobilization, the more maneuverable dental x-ray unit or ultrasonography will assist in localization of stones. A preliminary film will often provide considerably greater detail than even preoperative tomography. The surgeon needs to select the appropriate film type and exposure technique. Small stones (less than 2 mm) or poorly opacified stones may require use of a film that incorporates an intensification screen for improved resolution and contrast. Multiple small caliceal stones are best managed with careful needle localization prior to pyelotomy or nephrotomy. Anteroposterior and 90-degree views can give effective three-dimensional localization. If there remains any question or if localization is difficult because stones are poorly opaque or nonopaque, ultrasonography is useful to localize peripherally situated stones quickly and is best initiated prior to introducing air into the collecting system. To facilitate the speed of additional intraoperative films, especially once the vessels are clamped, Polaroid film has been shown to give good-quality resolution with reduced development time. At the conclusion of each case, we would suggest nephroscopic inspection of each calix to identify tiny residual fragments that might be missed on the final operative film. With direct visualization, these stones can be grasped effectively or irrigated out. A potential disadvantage to the use of any type of intraoperative localization technique is the possibility that an overly zealous attempt to remove tiny particles will cause unnecessary damage to the kidney. Small particles may pass spontaneously, and their presence is not always incompatible with achieving sterile urine and stable renal function.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3904129 TI - [Modification of the Mikhalovskii's operation in strictures of the penile part of the urethra]. PMID- 3904130 TI - [Angiographic and functional diagnosis of acute rejection of kidney transplants]. PMID- 3904131 TI - [Urodynamics of the lower urinary tract in women with urinary incontinence]. PMID- 3904132 TI - Comparison between continuous and intermittent administration of Estracyt in the treatment of carcinoma of the prostate. AB - Ninety-five patients with prostatic carcinoma, stages A-D and of all histological grades were randomized between a continuous and an intermittent treatment regimen of Estracyt (estramustine phosphate). 77 patients were evaluated (46 with continuous and 31 with intermittent therapy). Remissions were seen in 13 (28%) and (13%), respectively. Stable disease was recorded in 30 (65%) and 24 (77%), respectively. Progression experienced 3 (6%) and 3 (10%) respectively. 19% were unable to continue therapy due to intolerable gastrointestinal side effects (7 patients receiving continuous and 8 patients receiving intermittent therapy). PMID- 3904133 TI - [Renal tumor diagnosis with ultrasound and CT]. AB - The use of sonography and computer tomography has resulted in a marked change in the diagnosis of renal space occupying lesions. The value of these diagnostic tests is analyzed mainly in the diagnosis of solid kidney tumors. The possibilities and limitations are analyzed and the addition of further diagnostic procedures such as fine needle puncture and operative exploration are considered. A proper diagnostic work-up is outlined. PMID- 3904134 TI - Clinical relevance of plasma testosterone and prolactin changes in advanced cancer of prostate treated with diethylstilbestrol or estramustine phosphate. AB - We have investigated a group of 30 patients with newly diagnosed metastatic carcinoma of the prostate who were randomly assigned to receive, as primary treatment, either diethylstilbestrol (DES) or estramustine phosphate (Emcyt). Clinical response was assessed following the guidelines of the National Prostatic Cancer Project and the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. Effective reduction in the levels of androgens was noted in all patients in both groups regardless of response. During the follow-up period (ranging between 2-5 years) relapses were noted despite the presence of androgen levels at or below castrate values. The most relevant endocrine observation was the detection of early elevations in serum prolactin in a majority of patients. It was noted, however, that those patients in whom hyperprolactinemia did not occur or appeared only briefly at the beginning of therapy, experienced a prolonged, symptom-free survival. Persistent hyperprolactinemia, on the other hand, carried an ominous prognosis. The differences in survival between normoprolactinemic and hyperprolactinemic groups carried statistical significance. PMID- 3904135 TI - New aspects of pathogenesis of lower urinary tract infections. AB - Current theories about the pathogenesis and immunology of urinary tract infections (UTI) and the role of host defense mechanisms are discussed. The ascending route of infection is responsible for the vast majority of UTI, and colonization of the periurethral region by group-specific Escherichia coli precedes the development of UTI. Several bacterial virulence factors have been identified in organisms responsible for UTI. In urine, the most important inhibitory factors are a very high or low osmolality, a high urea concentration, a high organic acid concentration, and a low pH. There are many new antimicrobial agents which facilitate the process of bacterial eradication, especially of microorganisms that were resistant to previously available antibiotics. PMID- 3904136 TI - Practical approach to bacteriologic investigation of chronic prostatitis. AB - Chronic prostatitis is a common disorder sometimes caused by bacterial infection of the prostate. Documentation of such infection requires quantitative culture of carefully collected sequential urine and prostatic fluid specimens (bacterial localization cultures). However, culture of the midstream urine and prostatic fluid alone usually is sufficient to rule out this diagnostic possibility. A practical strategy for the bacteriologic investigation of chronic prostatitis that combines each of these maneuvers--midstream urine and prostatic fluid culture first, then subsequent bacterial localization cultures if pathogenic bacteria are isolated from the initial cultures--is outlined. PMID- 3904137 TI - Antibiotic prophylaxis and urologic surgery. AB - The significance of antibiotics as prophylaxis is related to their role in defending against anticipated infection. The critical factor is not only the antibiotic itself, but also the time of administration, which must be within a "decisive period" of three to four hours after the incision. Any inhibitor or enhancer of bacterial growth in a surgical incision must act during this critical period if it is to be effective. The incidence of infection is correlated with the presence of infected urine. Thus, perimanipulative antibiotic coverage can reduce the risk of infection in patients with infected urine. PMID- 3904139 TI - [Prevention of postoperative astigmatism by using a specially shaped cataract incision]. PMID- 3904138 TI - Postoperative infection in urologic surgery. AB - Postoperative urologic infection can result in morbidity and mortality. The diagnosis and management of postoperative bacterial urinary tract infections are discussed. Rational choice of antimicrobial therapy is based on the frequency at which specific bacterial pathogens are isolated and the local antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of common isolates. However, antibiotic resistance within the hospital setting is becoming a widespread problem. The wide spectrum of the third-generation cephalosporins affords them antimicrobial activity against common pathogens, and they share the low toxicity of other beta-lactam antibiotics. PMID- 3904140 TI - [Choice of donor material for penetrating keratoplasty using reflecting microscopy]. PMID- 3904141 TI - [Drug therapy in pediatric eye pathology]. PMID- 3904142 TI - [Role of prostaglandins in the pathogenesis of aphakic cystic macular edema of the retina (review of the literature)]. PMID- 3904143 TI - [Management of acute vestibular disorders in Meniere's disease]. PMID- 3904144 TI - [Removal of migrating esophageal foreign body from soft tissues of the neck]. PMID- 3904145 TI - [Age-related characteristics of structural organization of the vestibular analyzer]. PMID- 3904146 TI - [Clinical characteristics of chronic serous labyrinthitis]. PMID- 3904147 TI - [Reconstructive-restorative surgery of acquired esophageal-respiratory fistulas of non-neoplastic etiology]. AB - The method described was used in 70 patients with acquired esophago-respiratory fistulas. All the patients were treated by radical operations. The etiology, localization, complications of the fistulas and previous operations determined the character of surgery: there were isolated (in 8 patients), associated (in 43 patients) and reconstructive-restorative (in 19 patients) operations. Postoperative lethality was 4,28% (three patients died). PMID- 3904148 TI - [Effect of peridural analgesia on blood gas composition and central hemodynamics in patients with closed trauma of the chest]. PMID- 3904149 TI - [Osteoarthritis of the metacarpophalangeal joint after microtrauma]. PMID- 3904150 TI - [A method of ileoanal anastomosis]. PMID- 3904151 TI - [Reflux-free jejunostomy]. PMID- 3904152 TI - [Surgical treatment of injuries abroad (review of foreign literature)]. PMID- 3904153 TI - [Clinico-etiological characteristics of peritonitis]. PMID- 3904154 TI - [Use of lasers in various areas of surgery]. PMID- 3904155 TI - [Intraoperative ultrasonic diagnosis of choledocholithiasis]. AB - A method of intraductal detection of calculi with the help of ultrasound was used. Ultrasonic probes were employed for the introduction into bile ducts and their sonification from the inside. A comparative analysis of intraoperative methods of detecting biliary calculi was made: the intraoperative cholangiography could reveal the calculi in 86,8% of the observations, the intraductal echolocation--in 94,7% of the observations. PMID- 3904156 TI - [Doppler ultrasonography in the diagnosis of occlusive diseases of blood vessels of the lower limbs]. AB - Examination of 38 healthy people and 328 patients with obliterating diseases of the lower extremity vessels by the method of ultrasonic dopplerography has been performed. Main pathological types of dopplerograms were established, methods for determination of the linear blood flow velocity are shown. Data of the examination were compared with those of angiography. High diagnostic value of the method is shown. Its use is expedient in the course of operation. PMID- 3904157 TI - [Mechanical injuries of the esophagus]. AB - The authors have observed 15 patients with perforation of the oesophagus in the cervical (6) and thoracic (9) portions. Four patients died (26,8%). The authors consider that the operation of choice for the perforation of the oesophagus must be the operation of closure of the oesophagus wound or resection of the altered and perforated oesophagus, especially for injuries in the thoracic portion. PMID- 3904158 TI - [Rupture of large intestine by compressed air]. PMID- 3904159 TI - [Hyperbaric oxygenation in the treatment of infectious destruction of the lungs]. PMID- 3904160 TI - [Problems of military surgery in the journal "Vestnik Khirurgii"]. PMID- 3904161 TI - [Priority of Russian scientists in the description of ulcerogenic tumors of the pancreas]. PMID- 3904162 TI - [Therapeutic endoscopy in the postoperative period in patients with perforated gastroduodenal ulcers]. AB - Results of using the curative endoscopy in the early postoperative period in 43 patients following the operation for closure of the perforative opening are described. The authors show high efficiency of the local injection of antiinflammatory drugs and substances stimulating reparation during healing of closed ulcers of the gastroduodenal zone. PMID- 3904163 TI - [Osteo-cartilaginous autoplasty of the joints]. AB - In order to increase the efficiency of arthroplasty the author has developed some new autoplastic methods of substitution of defects in mostly loaded portions of joint end bones which are described in the article. The methods were used in operations on 70 patients, 34 out of them had injuries of the hip joint, 30--knee joint, 3--humeral articulation and 3--elbow joint. Favorable results were obtained in 65 patients. The follow-up observation was up to four years. PMID- 3904164 TI - [Achievements of military surgery during World War II]. AB - The author analyses achievements of the Soviet military medicine during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945 in the development of the system of staged treatment of casualties with evacuation for destination, organization of all kinds of medical aid which resulted in high results of treatment and their return to service. PMID- 3904165 TI - [Pathogenesis and surgical tactics in the extrahepatic form of portal hypertension in children]. AB - The correlation analysis of different parameters of the oxygen regimen of the liver, its blood circulation and angioarchitectonics were used in 44 patients in order to reveal different ways of the compensation of blood flow depending on the form of blockade (in thrombosis of the portal vein--at the expense of the hepatic artery, in its malformation--at the expense of the formation of porto-portal collaterals). The operation of choice is thought to be gastrotomy with ligation of varicose veins of the stomach and esophagus from the side of mucosa. It was used in 110 patients and in 88% of the cases recurrent bleedings were prevented for the period up to 15-20 years. PMID- 3904166 TI - Pathological and microbiological findings in 38 lambs with watery mouth. AB - Thirty-eight lambs with watery mouth were presented alive for necropsy. The most frequently found abnormality was enteritis, in 25 lambs. Bacteria were cultured from the gut contents of all lambs and bacteraemia was detected at high frequency at necropsy, though very much less frequently six hours before. Escherichia coli strains did not possess K99 antigen. It was concluded that absolute starvation and septicaemia were unlikely causes of the disease; that there is support for the hypothesis that reduced gut motility is an important early feature and, that if bacteria are involved in the aetiology, they may have a non-specific role. PMID- 3904167 TI - Increasing incidence of resistance to gentamicin and related aminoglycosides in Salmonella typhimurium phage type 204c in England, Wales and Scotland. AB - Phage type 204c of Salmonella typhimurium (DT 204c) appeared in bovine animals in 1979. It is now the predominant type in cattle in England, Wales and Scotland and ranks in the 10 most common phage types in humans. All strains of DT 204c have been resistant to at least four antimicrobial drugs. In 1979 and 1980 the most common resistance pattern was that of chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulphonamides, tetracyclines and trimethoprim (CSSuTTm) but since 1981 strains with additional resistance to ampicillin and neomycin-kanamycin (AK) have predominated. Strains resistant to furazolidone (Fu) have caused sporadic outbreaks. Gentamicin resistance (G) appeared in DT 204c in 1983 and gentamicin resistant strains are increasing in incidence. With the exception of resistance to furazolidone, drug resistance in DT 204c has been plasmid-mediated. Characterisation of gentamicin resistance plasmids in DT 204c of R-type ACGKSSuTTm has demonstrated the existence of three distinct lines, two of which have been found exclusively in cattle and one in cattle and humans. The misguided and often inappropriate use of antimicrobial drugs in calves has contributed to the appearance of multiresistant strains of DT 204c and positive measures to limit range and levels of antimicrobials available to feed manufacturers may be necessary. PMID- 3904168 TI - Effects of acidic deposition and other energy emissions on wildlife: a compendium. AB - Energy emissions, including acidic depositions, pose potential problems for wildlife populations. Historical and recent events show both direct, acute effects and indirect, chronic effects from a variety of airborne pollutants. Information on effects of selected gaseous and particulate energy emissions on domestic animals and livestock and on wildlife is compared. Our understanding of wildlife effects can be improved by the evaluation of veterinary toxicological information and research on the ecological equivalents of domestic and laboratory animals. PMID- 3904169 TI - An epidemiological view of poisoning. AB - An epidemiological approach to understanding the incidence and control of injuries is essential. Epidemiology facilitates discovery of factors contributing to the occurrence of, in this case, injuries from poisoning. This page reviews those theories relative to agent, host and environment involved in an unintentional poisoning incident. It is through an understanding of each of these factors that the poisoning incident becomes more clearly defined. PMID- 3904170 TI - Effects of ionizing radiation and chemicals on mammalian reproduction. PMID- 3904171 TI - Biological effects of electric fields on agricultural animals. AB - The biological effects of electric fields has been intensively studied in laboratory animals. Most of the effects relating to exposure to electric fields have been observed under artificial conditions and at exceptionally intense fields (40-100 kV/meter). Few studies have been completed in agricultural animals, yet this class of animal probably receives the greatest exposure under actual field conditions. The objective of this paper was to summarize the available scientific data for agricultural animals. Based upon limited experimental data, and a number of years experience with animals under high voltage lines, it appears that electric fields of 10 kV/m or less do not represent a biological hazard to agricultural animals. PMID- 3904172 TI - Purification of characterization of gene 8 product of bacteriophage T3. AB - The product of gene 8 (gp8) of T3 phage was purified from proheads, heads, and extract prepared from cells infected with a mutant defective in gene 10 (major head protein) (10- extract). gp8, when purified by hydrophobic column chromatography from proheads solubilized by guanidine hydrochloride, did not show any ordered structure. gp8 from heads ruptured by sucrose shock sedimented with a sedimentation coefficient of 20 S (20 S assembly). Electron micrography of 20 S assemblies showed ring structures displaying radial symmetry. When the gp8 in 20 S assemblies was concentrated, it formed two-dimensional crystals. gp8 in 20 S material was detected in 10- extract by sedimentation analysis. gp8 purified from 10- extract by anti-gp8 antibody column chromatography had an ordered structure identical to that of the 20 S assembly from heads. The effect of anti-gp8 serum on the activity of proheads and heads was examined by in vitro complementation. Anti-gp8 serum preabsorbed with 5- X 8- -extracted inactivated proheads and heads. Anti-gp8 serum preabsorbed with proheads inactivated heads but not proheads. Similarly, anti-gp8 serum preabsorbed with phage-inactivated proheads but not heads. From these results, it is concluded that gp8 in proheads and heads is accessible to antibodies and that different antigenic sites of gp8 are exposed in proheads and heads. PMID- 3904173 TI - Presence in infected cells of nonvirion proteins encoded by adenovirus messenger RNAs of the major late transcription regions L0 and L1. AB - The adenovirus major late promoter functions at early and intermediate times to produce a limited set of mRNAs that appear in the cytoplasm of productively infected HeLa cells. These mRNAs may be translated in cell-free systems to produce two unrelated polypeptides of approximately 13,500 Mr (L0-13.5K and L0 13.6K) and a pair of related polypeptides of approximately 55,000 Mr (the L1 52K/55K proteins). Radiochemical protein sequence analysis of in vitro synthesized proteins has identified the N-terminal sequences of the L0-13.5K and L0-13.6K proteins (J. B. Lewis and C. W. Anderson (1983), Virology 127, 112-123). Additional sequence analyses confirmed the identification of the open reading frame for the L0-13.5K protein, and identified the ATG encoded by nucleotides 11,040 to 11,042 from the left end of the adenovirus genome as the initial codon of the L1-52K/55K protein. Antisera raised against synthetic peptides homologous to these three amino termini were used to demonstrate the presence of the L0 13.5K protein, the L0-13.6K protein, and the L1-52K/55K proteins in extracts of HeLa cells infected by adenovirus 2. The L0-13.5K protein was detected at early, intermediate, and late times after infection. The L0-13.6K and L1-52K/55K proteins were detected only at late times. Immunofluorescence microscopy indicated that the L0-13.6K protein is distributed around the periphery of the nucleus and along fibers running the length of the cell. Nonpermeabilized infected cells were stained by anti-L0-13.6K peptide serum at a single spot on the cell surface. Neither the L0-13.6K nor the L1-52K/55K proteins were detected in purified virus. PMID- 3904174 TI - Morphogenetic structures present in lysates of amber mutants of bacteriophage Mu. AB - The Mu phage particle is structurally similar to that of the T-even phages, consisting of an icosahedral head and contractile tail. This study continues an analysis of the morphogenesis of the Mu phage particle by defining the structural defects resulting from mutations in specific Mu genes. Defective lysates produced by induction of 55 amber mutants, representing 24 essential genes, were examined in the electron microscope and categorized into eight classes based on the observed phage-related structures. (1) Mutations in genes lys, F and G, and some H mutations, did not cause a visible alteration in particle structure. (2) Mutants defective in genes A, B, and C produced no detectable phage structures, consistent with their lack of production of late RNA. (3) Extracts defective in genes L, M, Y, N, P, Q, V, W, and R contained only head structures, and these appeared normal. (4) K-defective mutants accumulated free heads as well as free tails which were longer than normal and variable in length. (5) Tails which appeared normal were the only structures found in T- and some I-defective extracts. (6) Free tails and empty heads accumulated in D-, E-, and some I- and H defective extracts. These heads were as much as 16% smaller than normal heads. The heads found in some I amber lysates had a protruding neck-like structure and unusually thick shells suggestive of a scaffolding-like structure. (7) Defects in gene J resulted in the accumulation of unattached tails and full heads. (8) Previous analysis of lysates produced by inversion-defective gin mutants fixed in the G(+) orientation demonstrated that S and U mutants produced particles lacking tail fibers (F.J. Grundy and M.M. Howe (1984), Virology 134, 296-317). In these experiments with Gin+ phages S and U mutants produced apparently normal phage particles. Presumably the tail fiber defects were masked by the production of S' and U' proteins by G(-) phages in the population. PMID- 3904175 TI - Cell transformation by the left terminal regions of the adenovirus 40 and 41 genomes. AB - To study the transforming capacity of the two fastidious adenoviruses 40 and 41 (Ad40 and Ad41), we have cloned the left terminal regions of their genomes. Transfection with plasmids containing these regions leads to transformation of primary baby rat kidney (BRK) cells. Cell lines derived from transformed cells show an intermediate transformed phenotype. The left terminal region was present in at least 50 copies in cells transformed by Ad41 and in 2-3 copies in Ad40 transformed cells. The integration patterns of the plasmids containing the left terminal region of Ad41 were similar in three different cell lines. PMID- 3904176 TI - [Trends in modern virology--virus research in Japan and the rest of the world from the point of view of publication]. PMID- 3904177 TI - [Soviet military medicine in World War II]. PMID- 3904178 TI - [Medical support for the Prague Operation]. PMID- 3904179 TI - [Organization of medical support for the Air Forces in World War II]. PMID- 3904180 TI - [Medical support for the Navy in the war years]. PMID- 3904182 TI - [40th anniversary of a great victory]. PMID- 3904181 TI - [Problems of medical support for antiaircraft troops in wartime]. PMID- 3904183 TI - [Contribution of military field surgeons to victory over the enemy]. PMID- 3904184 TI - [Blood transfusion services in World War II]. PMID- 3904185 TI - [Origin and development of military field therapy]. PMID- 3904186 TI - [Experience with the protection of the troops against epidemics in World War II]. PMID- 3904187 TI - [Experience in organizing sanitary and hygienic measures with the troops in wartime]. PMID- 3904188 TI - [Medical supplies of the Army and Navy in wartime]. PMID- 3904189 TI - [Activities of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR in World War II and the early postwar years]. PMID- 3904190 TI - [Development of military medical disability expertise during World War II]. PMID- 3904191 TI - [The humanism of Soviet military medicine]. PMID- 3904192 TI - [Organization of military medical services in the Manchurian campaign]. PMID- 3904193 TI - [Effect of medico-geographical conditions on morbidity in the armies at the Zabaikal front during World War II]. PMID- 3904194 TI - [Various characteristics of medical services in the 45th Rifle Corps of the 5th Army at the First Far-Eastern front in the Manchurian campaign]. PMID- 3904195 TI - [Clinical use of the fluorocarbon blood substitute perfluoran]. PMID- 3904197 TI - [Self-sacrifice and heroism of military physicians]. PMID- 3904196 TI - [Use of percutaneous biopsy of the liver, gallbladder and pancreas, controlled by computerized tomography and ultrasonics]. PMID- 3904198 TI - [Sanitary-educational work among the troops and in military treatment institutions during the war years]. PMID- 3904199 TI - [Medical provisions of partisan detachments and formations]. PMID- 3904200 TI - [Delivery of medical supplies during the war]. PMID- 3904201 TI - [Activity of military-medical warehouses in World War II]. PMID- 3904202 TI - [Principal trends in improvements in microbiologic diagnosis in clinical practice]. PMID- 3904203 TI - [Aleksandr Petrovich Neliubin]. PMID- 3904204 TI - [Physiotherapy at medical evacuation stations during World War II]. PMID- 3904205 TI - [Radiotherapy and combined chemo- and radiotherapy of patients with squamous cell lung cancer (randomized study)]. AB - A randomized study on the results of treatment of 76 cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the lung was conducted at the Center in 1976-1981. Radiation and chemoradiation procedures were studied in two groups of patients. The immediate results of chemoradiation therapy were somewhat better as compared with radiation treatment alone. However, no significant increase in survival rates was recorded. The toxicity of the chemotherapeutic procedures used was shown. Total focal dose was increased to 90-120 Gy and longer survival was registered as a result of consistent application of uneven irradiation and open fields in gamma therapy. PMID- 3904206 TI - [Biological role of manganese and the prevention of its deficiency in the human body]. PMID- 3904207 TI - [Effect of the consumption of krill protein isolates on lysosomal proteinase activity in rats]. AB - A study was made of the total and nonsedimented activity of 4 lysosomal proteinases in the liver, kidneys and blood serum of rats fed for 4 months krill protein isolate (AtlantNIRO) as the only source of protein or that replaced by 50% with a control protein (casein) contained by the 18% protein (in terms of caloricity) diet. The use of the krill isolate as the only source of protein brought about a significant increase in the total activity of cathepsin A and cathepsin D and in nonsedimented activity of cathepsins A, D, B and C in rat liver (by 95, 23, 32 and 50%, respectively). Meanwhile in the kidneys, there was an increase in the total activity of cathepsins A and D. Proteinases A, D, B and C were activated in the blood serum. The 50% replacement of the krill isolate by casein elicited a substantial decrease in the adverse effect of the krill protein isolate on metabolic processes in rats. PMID- 3904208 TI - The radioactive sodium chromate method for erythrocyte survival. PMID- 3904209 TI - [Antiherpetic activity of xylure]. AB - In vivo experiments demonstrated antiherpetic activity of abnormal nucleoside, 5 trimethylsylil-2'-deoxyuridine alpha-anomer. In a model of herpetic encephalitis in cotton rats the preparation, inoculated intraperitoneally and administered orally, reduced the lethality by 25%-30% as compared with the controls, and also was effective in topical treatment of genital herpes in guinea pigs. Low toxicity, clear-cut antiherpetic activity, favourable metabolic properties as compared with known antiherpetic drugs indicate the necessity of further thorough investigation of this preparation. PMID- 3904210 TI - [Use of an immunoenzyme method for research on antichlamydial sera]. AB - Data on comparative studies of the sensitivity of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), complement fixation test (CFT), and indirect immunofluorescence test (IIFT) in titration of antibodies to chlamydial agents of calf enteritis and pneumonia in sera of immunized rabbits are presented. The data indicate that ELISA is 10-40 times more sensitive than CFT and IIFT and may be used for large scale diagnostic studies in chlamydial infections of cattle. PMID- 3904211 TI - [Immunofluorescence reaction in studying humoral immunity in parotitis]. PMID- 3904212 TI - [New treatment strategy in viral diseases]. PMID- 3904213 TI - A review of fibrinolytic therapy in acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 3904214 TI - [Use of amikacin in surgical wound infections]. PMID- 3904215 TI - [Disseminated intravascular coagulation in children with severe infections]. PMID- 3904216 TI - [Wladyslaw Florkiewicz--author of the first description of primary lung cancer and actinomycosis in Poland]. PMID- 3904217 TI - [Medical views in the 17th century work of Stanislaw Grodzicki]. PMID- 3904218 TI - [A painless form of ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 3904219 TI - [Herman Boleslaw Fudakowski--Docent of medical chemistry (1834-1878)]. PMID- 3904220 TI - [Accelerated degradation of prostacyclin in diabetic plasma--a further factor in the impairment of hemostatic balance?]. AB - Prostacyclin is degraded in human plasma in vitro with an average half-life of 10 minutes. The degradation in plasma of patients suffering from type II diabetes mellitus is significantly enhanced. However, the inactivation of prostacyclin in plasma in patients with clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis, such as peripheral vascular disease, is unchanged. Methodological studies reveal that storage of plasma at various temperatures up to investigation, repeated freezing and thawing, as well as the addition of thromboxane-synthetase inhibitors do not exert any effect on plasmatic degradation of PGI2. In addition, no differences are found in plasmatic degradation in diabetics in accordance with the mode of treatment. The presence of a factor in human plasma in diabetics capable of increasing PGI2 degradation or the loss of a possible stabilizer could be one further important parameter, amongst others responsible for the development of either macro- or microangiopathy in diabetes mellitus. PMID- 3904221 TI - [Renowned chief physicians of the Kaiserin Elisabeth hospital of the city of Vienna, since its founding in 1890]. AB - In honour of the centenary of the foundation of the Kaiserin Elisabeth Hospital a brief historical survey is presented of the hospital from its beginnings to the present day, as well as biographical summaries of the career and scientific achievements of some prominent chiefs of various departments of the hospital. PMID- 3904222 TI - [Single-dose treatment of acute cystitis with norfloxacin. 1st report]. AB - 25 women with acute uncomplicated cystitis were treated with a single dose of 800 mg norfloxacin orally. Urinary checkups were performed 3 and 8 days after therapy and 4 and 8 weeks later. Urinary cultures, bacterial identification and antibiotic testing were performed. Success rate as based on the bacterial results was 96%. Reinfection occurred in one case only over the follow-up period of 8 weeks. This high success rate is due to strict selection of patients with truly uncomplicated cystitis and the beneficial chemotherapeutic effect of norfloxacin. PMID- 3904223 TI - [Computer-assisted static and light-evoked dynamic pupillometry in psychosomatic patients]. AB - Microprocessor-assisted pupillometry was used in this psychophysiological study to investigate the pupillary diameter (static pupillometry) and visual-evoked pupillary reactions (dynamic pupillometry) in psychosomatic patients (duodenal ulcers, ulcerative colitis, cardiac phobia, anorexia nervosa, bronchial asthma) as compared with age-and sex-matched normal controls. Statistical analyses including multivariate methods demonstrated interesting differences between psychosomatic patients and normal controls, as well as between various subtypes of psychosomatic disorders and elucidated also the influence of a 6 weeks' course of psychotherapy. The data give valuable clues to symptom/syndrome-specific psychophysiological reaction types, which may be of considerable relevance for the characterization of psychosomatic diseases. PMID- 3904224 TI - [Individual dialysis using computer-controlled prescription]. AB - The use of urea kinetics as basis for optimization and individualization of renal replacement therapy has become quite popular over the last decade. The rationale underlying the use of blood urea nitrogen for monitoring or targeting dialysis therapy is based on the report of an American multicentre cooperative dialysis study showing that blood urea nitrogen concentrations are closely correlated to the occurrence of morbidity and complications in dialysis patients. In order to further optimize the accuracy of dialysis prescription we have developed a new algorithm for estimation of the dialysis time needed to reach a certain blood urea nitrogen concentration, which--in contrast to all methods employed so far- enables accurate calculation of ultrafiltration during haemodialysis and of weight changes in the interdialytic period. PMID- 3904225 TI - [Is the tonisation of varicose veins due to elevated prostacyclin synthesis caused by dihydroergotamine?]. AB - Prostacyclin is the most potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation and a very strong vasodilator. A few reports on a moderate vasoconstrictory response in certain vascular segments in various species have received less attention. We demonstrated recently that PGI2 dilates the arterial wall and has a constrictory effect on the venous wall. Normal and varicose human veins show a dose-dependent constrictory response to PGI2. Pretreatment of patients with 2.5 mg dihydroergotamine t.i.d. for 10 days increases venous PGI2 synthesis significantly. In vitro contractility response is identical in normal and varicose veins. Furthermore, no difference in contractility was registered in veins derived from treated and untreated patients. The significantly enhanced formation of PGI2 evoked by dihydroergotamine might be responsible for the tonisation of normal, healthy veins, as well as varicose veins. PMID- 3904226 TI - [Peripheral arteriosclerosis. Early diagnosis]. AB - Pain ist not the major early symptom of peripheral vascular disease; often there is no pain at all or only with extreme physical load. Other frequently described symptoms are not characteristic. Thus even the most careful anamnesis is not entirely reliable. The simplest and quickest diagnosis is by the Doppler Ultrasonic method. The reactive hyperemia values obtained by venous occlusion plethysmography and tissue clearance with 133Xenon are also valuable in the diagnosis of beginning peripheral blood flow disturbances. Here the pulse curve analysis of the linear blood flow deserves special mention, important parameters being the peak-flow, the catacrote areal index, the peak delay, and the sum of pulse peak and pulse peak delay. The evaluation of cut-off values allows in a simple way to differentiate between normal, beginning pathological and clearly pathological conditions. However B-scanning and digital subtraction angiography will possibly be valuable supplementary procedures in future. PMID- 3904227 TI - [State of the art of digital subtraction angiography in diagnostic angiology]. AB - Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) has become a widely accepted method which has decreased the risks of angiographic investigations. Intravenous DSA is the preferred method for screening investigations of carotid and renal arteries and in postsurgical control studies. Intraarterial DSA will be indicated if a detail information is required. The technical principles of time and energy subtraction will be explained, the different methods of contrast medium application will be discussed. PMID- 3904228 TI - The revolution in breast cancer surgery: science or anecdotalism? PMID- 3904229 TI - Conservative treatment of breast cancer with QU.A.R.T. Technique. PMID- 3904230 TI - Limited surgical management for primary breast cancer: a commentary on the NSABP reports. PMID- 3904231 TI - Eight-year follow-up of adjuvant therapy for stage II breast cancer. PMID- 3904232 TI - Adjuvant tamoxifen and chemotherapy in stage II breast cancer: interim findings from NSABP protocol B-09. PMID- 3904233 TI - Six-year results of a controlled trial of tamoxifen as single adjuvant agent in management of early breast cancer. PMID- 3904234 TI - Silo-filler's disease. A historical perspective and report of a case. PMID- 3904235 TI - [Possibilities and limits of ultrasound tomography in extrahepatic cholestasis. 2: Diagnosis of occlusion etiology]. PMID- 3904236 TI - [Pathophysiology of renal hypertension]. PMID- 3904237 TI - [Relaxation by biofeedback controlled respiratory meditation and autogenic training]. PMID- 3904238 TI - [The relation between physiology and medicine in Emil du Bois-Reymond]. PMID- 3904239 TI - [The development of public health as a subject at German universities in the 19th century]. PMID- 3904240 TI - [Medical education in the 18th century. On the 325th anniversary of the birth of Friedrich Hoffmann (1660-1742)]. AB - The 325th anniversary of Friedrich Hoffmann's birthday gave rise to remind of the early high period of the Faculty of Medicine of Halle University. Several significant scientific achievements are connected with Hoffmann's name, but at the same time also the organisation of studies and examinations in Halle. The educational practices of his time were demonstrated with the help of preserved documentations. PMID- 3904241 TI - [Imaging procedures in the diagnosis of nodular goiter]. AB - A prospective examination of 80 patients with struma nodosa resulted in an approximately equally high reliability of scintigraphy (98.8%) and sonography (97.5%) with regard to the evidence of focal changes. Due to the well-known advantages and the present availability the sonography should above all be used in children, adolescents, pregnant women and iodine-contaminated patients. Since from the scintigram additionally can be reported on the functional condition (autonomous adenoma), this technique cannot generally be replaced by sonography. The advantages and the limits should be known to the physician, in order to avoid unnecessary manifold examinations. PMID- 3904242 TI - [Determination of the blood pressure index with Doppler sonography--a method for the ambulatory control of late results following vascular reconstruction]. AB - Due to arterial obstructive disease of the lower extremity of aortoiliacal type the p.o. late results (3-9 years) after implantation of bifurcation prostheses are controlled. The establishment of a blood pressure index with the help of the Doppler sonography is in this case in supplementing the clinical findings after Fontaine a valuable method for objectivation in the ambulatory sector. The result of 88% of good and very good p.o. arterial blood supply of the extremities of the patients examined is to be regarded as satisfying. PMID- 3904243 TI - [Recurrence of chronic duodenal ulcer following initial therapy with pirenzepine or cimetidine]. AB - Recurrence rates of chronic duodenal ulcer after initial therapy with pirenzepine or cimetidine were investigated in a prospective, randomized trial with a total of 80 patients. After 12 weeks of therapy with pirenzepine (50 mg b.i.d) or cimetidine (200 mg t.i.d. + 400 mg nocte) 68,7% and 88,5% respectively were healed (chi 2 = 3,97; p less than 0,05). These patients showed recurrences in 73,6% after pirenzepine and in 84,6% after cimetidine during a six months observation period. This difference is not statistically significant, nor was life table analysis capable to show any difference in the relapse pattern between the two groups. PMID- 3904244 TI - [Bacterial colonization of the stomach caused by acid neutralization and inhibition of stomach emptying]. AB - Gastric bacterial overgrowth was studied in 8 healthy volunteers. Total bacterial counts, nitrate-reducing bacteria and nitrite concentration were determined in fasting gastric juice before and after 4 weeks of treatment with a strong or with a mild antacid drug, a placebo preparation and the spasmolytic agent papaverine which is known to inhibit gastric evacuation. Placebo therapy and the mild antacid did not change any of the above parameters studied. The strong antacid caused a significant increase in the pH of gastric contents which was accompanied by an enormous increase in total bacterial counts, nitrate-reducing bacteria and nitrite concentration. Papaverine which did not cause a significant elevation of pH also definitely increased bacterial counts and nitrite concentration of gastric juice. Four weeks following termination of each treatment procedure, however, all changes outlined above had returned to pretreatment values. These results indicate that reversible gastric bacterial overgrowth under therapeutical conditions may occur when acidity of the stomach is reduced or gastric evacuation is retarded. PMID- 3904245 TI - [Surface gastritis. Immunoglobulins and lysozyme. The border zone between physiology and pathology]. AB - We examined the infiltration in chronic superficial gastritis immunohistochemically on the contents of IgA-, IgG- and IgM-containing plasma cells and on lysozyme and compared the results on the one hand with those of histologically normal gastric mucosa and on the other side with those of the inflammation at the ulcus border. Not as immunology-related reactions of the gut, one can see the chronic superficial gastritis as a stronger and topographically different variant of the normal reaction of the stomach. It shows the flowing threshold between physiological and accentuated defense and pathological exaggeration. PMID- 3904246 TI - [Morphology, pathogenesis and nosologic evaluation of chronic surface gastritis]. PMID- 3904247 TI - [Atypical course of infections with enteritis salmonellas]. AB - During the six-year period from 1978-1983 968 so-called "enteritis Salmonellae" were isolated in our laboratory. 50 of them (= 5,2%) were primary isolations from extraintestinal specimens, first of all from blood, abscess smear and urine. The greater part of the patients with an atypical course of enteritis salmonellosis showed clinical signs of septicemia (44%) or local suppuration (24%). In atypical salmonellosis advanced age and sex distinctly prevailed compared to the distribution of age and sex of patients suffering from typical Salmonellae enteritis. 80% of the patients with atypical salmonellosis had mostly resistance lowering basic diseases, first of all diabetes mellitus, or were treated with immunosuppressive therapy. The spectrum of "enteritis Salmonellae" isolated only from feces during the same period differed significantly (p = 0,01) from the spectrum of Salmonellae types found in extraintestinal specimens. An atypical course was relatively often caused by S. enteritidis, S. panama and S. virchow. PMID- 3904248 TI - [Qualitative and quantitative detection of bacterial flora in experimental blind loop syndrome of the rat]. AB - In the blind loop syndrome bacterial overgrowth--accompanied by an increase in bile acid deconjugation--is thought to be responsible for the observed morphological alterations of the small intestinal mucosa with its concomitant malabsorption syndrome. Since in this chain of events the bacterial overgrowth is of primary importance, we have performed a complete qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the intraluminal flora in rats with surgically created self-filling blind loops. The results show a significant increase in bacteria of the aerobic growing genera E. coli and Streptococcus (Enterococcus), and of the anaerobic growing genus Bacteroides, in one single rat also of the genera Lactobacillus/Bifidobacterium. In order to elucidate which strains of bacteria are predominantly responsible for the morphological and functional alterations observed in the stagnant loop syndrome, germ-free rats with self-filling blind loops should be contaminated selectively with bacteria of these genera. PMID- 3904249 TI - [Wound closure in the care of small skin defects]. AB - We give a survey on the present situation regarding the methods and indications of punch biopsy as well as similar operations, including the design, orientation, and execution for the repair of small skin defects. PMID- 3904250 TI - [Chlamydia infections]. AB - Chlamydia trachomatis represents one of the most common causative agents of sexually transmitted diseases. Clinically, genital chlamydial infections are similar to gonorrhoea. Although the clinical symptoms in chlamydial infections are usually milder than those in gonorrhoea, late complications are more common and more dangerous, because the carriers may easily escape notice. The knowledge of chlamydial infections has increased during the last few years. The present report deals with recent developments in this field. PMID- 3904251 TI - [Genital mycoplasma infections]. AB - Clinical and experimental investigations on the significance of Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum have revealed different and contradictory results. Both germs are frequently discovered in young, sexually active persons. Ureaplasma urealyticum might be the cause of some cases of non-gonococcal urethritis. M. hominis seems to be one causative agent of endometritis, salpingitis, parametritis and septicaemia after birth; we do not know yet, however, how often this may be the case. M. hominis may also infect the newborn, e.g., it may cause meningitis and encephalitis. The diagnosis of an infection with mycoplasmas is mainly based on the isolation of the organism, the lack of other pathogens in the lesions, and the demonstration of a significant change of titer of homologous antibodies. Tetracycline is the drug of choice; alternatives are clindamycin for M. hominis and erythromycin for U. urealyticum. PMID- 3904252 TI - [Lymphocytoma--a borreliosis?]. AB - 4 patients suffering from lymphocytoma had been observed for a mean of 1.75 years (13 to 21 month). The lesions were located on the ears; all patients developed regional lymphadenopathy. Two patients experienced headaches of short duration, one child showed six erythema migrans lesions, and another child had an elevated IgM level of 322 mg/dl. A tick bite was noted in one child. Indirect immunofluorescence tests revealed significantly elevated IgG or IgM antibody titers against Ixodes dammini and Ixodes ricinus spirochetes in all patients. Serological evaluation may be helpful in differentiating borrelial lymphocytoma from other pseudolymphomas. PMID- 3904253 TI - [Residual stenosis following successful selective lysis of complete thrombotic coronary artery occlusion in acute myocardial infarct]. AB - After successful lysis of a thrombotic coronary obstruction in acute myocardial infarction, both PTCA and bypass surgery can be useful in preventing reocclusion and providing long-term success in selected patients. One condition to perform such measures is a high degree of residual narrowing at the previous site of occlusion. Other investigations concerning the extent and further development of these lesions are methodically inhomogenous and different in their results. Following successful intracoronary lysis of a complete thrombotic occlusion, the remaining stenosis was measured in 106 patients using at least 2 angiographic projections both immediately after reperfusion, and 3 days later. The degree and development of the residual lesion were analysed with special regard to its anatomy and to the occlusion time. During the observation period, no mechanical intervention (PTCA) or bypass surgery took place. The 1st angiogram after thrombolysis revealed an average cross section stenosis of 90.5 +/- 6.2%, which decreased up to the control angiogram to 86.3 +/- 10.6% (p less than 0.05). In only 16 cases there was an improvement of 10% or more, in fact it was not relevant (less than 10%) in 66 patients, and in 24 a slight increase in residual narrowing could even be found. The decrease of eccentric (-5.5 +/- 9.2%) and concentric (-3.3 +/- 5.7%) lesions was not statistically different. Stenoses up to 5 mm of length (-5.7 +/- 7.2%), between 5 and 10 mm (-3.4 +/- 6.7%), and over 10 mm (-4.4 +/- 8.2%) again did not differ significantly. There was no linear correlation between degree of stenosis and total time of occlusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3904254 TI - [Determination of C-reactive protein in serum as a follow-up in kidney transplantation]. PMID- 3904255 TI - [Detection of antibodies to Aspergillus fumigatus using enzyme immunoassay and counterimmunoelectrophoresis]. PMID- 3904256 TI - [A simple procedure for microaerophilic culture of Campylobacter in the routine laboratory]. PMID- 3904257 TI - [Development of a program for computer-assisted evaluation of enzyme immunoassays]. PMID- 3904258 TI - Immunogenicity of low doses of hepatitis B vaccine in normal children. AB - The immunogenicity of two low doses (5 micrograms and 10 micrograms ml-1) of hepatitis B vaccine was tested in 98 non-immune children. The seroconversion rate after the third dose was 100%. High seroconversion rates were observed even after the first dose as well as progressive increase in the geometric mean titres of the converters after each dose. The geometric mean titre in International Units one month after the third dose was higher (18 276 mIU ml-1) in children vaccinated with 10 micrograms ml-1, compared to children vaccinated with 5 micrograms ml-1 (11 313 mIU ml-1). The lowest seroconversion rate after the first and second doses and the lowest final mean geometric titre was observed in children aged 11-15 years. PMID- 3904259 TI - Simultaneous administration of live, attenuated influenza A vaccines representing different serotypes. AB - Two live, attenuated cold-adapted influenza A vaccines representing current H1N1 and H3N2 serotypes were simultaneously administered intranasally to doubly seronegative children. No clinical illness resulted. Characterization of virus shedding demonstrated shedding of both original vaccine strains and of reassortant virus with the H3N1 and H1N2 phenotype. A serum immune response to both serotypes was demonstrated. The successful simultaneous administration of two influenza A vaccine strains enhances the potential usefulness of this approach to influenza prophylaxis. PMID- 3904260 TI - [Role of damage to the microcirculatory bed in atherogenesis]. PMID- 3904261 TI - [Stress and immunity]. PMID- 3904262 TI - [Properties, regulation and functions of the neuronal cytoskeleton in normal and pathological states]. PMID- 3904263 TI - [The pineal body and the thyroid gland]. PMID- 3904264 TI - [Artificial stable functional connections as a research and treatment method in pathological states]. PMID- 3904265 TI - [Role of alcohol- and aldehyde dehydrogenases in the formation pf pathologic addiction to ethanol]. PMID- 3904266 TI - [Stenocardia: coronary atherosclerosis, coronary spasm, microcirculatory disorders]. PMID- 3904267 TI - In vitro translation of the major capsid polypeptide from Ustilago maydis virus stain P1. AB - Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) from Ustilago maydis virus strain P1 was translated in vitro using a nuclease-treated rabbit reticulocyte lysate system. Following heat denaturation of the H2 double-stranded RNA segment in 90% dimethyl sulfoxide and incubation in the cell free extract, a primary translation product was observed which showed the same molecular weight and co-migrated with viral coat protein on 10% SDS-polyacrylamide gels. The in vitro product of the H2 dsRNA segment could also be immunoprecipitated with antibodies prepared against viral coat protein. Limited proteolysis of the in vitro product and authentic viral coat protein using Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease produced similar peptide patterns on SDS gels. In vitro translation products from other dsRNA segments that make up the P1 viral genome could not be precipitated by antibody to viral coat protein. These results complement the genetic data that indicated that information for coat formation and maintenance was contained within the H segments of dsRNA. PMID- 3904268 TI - [Contamination of the small intestine as a cause for ileus attacks in children after intestinal surgery]. AB - During the last two years eight children aged 3 months to 7 years were treated successfully for contaminated small bowel syndrome (CSBS). All patients had a history of a laparotomy in the neonatal period and showed bile stained vomiting and diarrhoea. On examination, a painful distended abdomen with hyperactive bowel sounds was found. Plain abdominal x-rays showed signs of mechanical intestinal obstruction. The diagnosis of CSBS was made by positive gram stain and cultures of samples taken via a nasogastric tube. After antibiotic treatment the symptoms disappeared within a few days. We therefore believe that CSBS should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of abdominal emergencies. Our views agree with those of other authors in so far as we feel that antibiotic therapy may help to avoid unnecessary laparotomies in such cases. PMID- 3904269 TI - Successful separation of xiphoomphalopagus twins. AB - A pair of female xiphoomphalopagus twins were delivered by Caesarean section at 35th week of gestation on March 2, 1982, their combined weight being 4,800 g. Examinations revealed that they were conjoined from the xiphoid process down to the umbilicus. Infant A also had congenital heart defect (VSD). X-ray and echography showed that they had a fused liver and two independent biliary systems and alimentary tracts. After 6 weeks, the twins gained weight up to 7,000 g. The separation operation was performed at 1 1/2 months of age. During operation it was demonstrated that the xiphoid process and costal cartilages were fused together and the peritoneal cavities were of free communication above the umbilicus, and the livers merged into a single common liver. The large single liver was divided by electrocautery, resulting in a section surface of 8 X 7.5 cm. After separation, the closure of the abdominal wall in both infants presented some difficulties which were resolved by making relaxation incisions on either flanks. In the post operative period, the ventral wounds of both infants were disrupted for several centimetres and infant B had wound infection. The granulating area of skin defect on either relaxation incision of the flanks and ventral denuded wound were covered with full-thickness dead-foetus homografts. The wounds were well healed. Eventually both infants were discharged in good condition at 2 1/2 months after operation. Now they live well at 2 1/2 years of age. PMID- 3904270 TI - [Blood pressure in arm and finger arteries in rheumatoid arthritis]. AB - The pressure load is critical for vascular wall alteration. Systolic blood pressure was measured by Doppler sonography in the finger and arm arteries of 24 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and compared to a control group (n = 22) of nearly the same age. The transmitter frequency of the ultrasound probe was 9.6 MHz. In contrast to upper arm arteries the blood pressure values of the radial and ulnar arteries in the forearm and the finger arteries were significantly higher (two-sided test a = 2% or 0.1%) in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 3904271 TI - [Surgical therapy of hemorrhaging gastroduodenal ulcer]. AB - By using the literature important facts of the spontaneous course of ulcer bleeding are presented. Patient groups with a high risk for early rebleeding are characterized. The indication for operation is discussed regarding intensity and activity of bleeding and endoscopic findings. The operative technique of haemostasis in duodenal and gastric ulcer is described. The own cases are analysed with special respect to endoscopic haemostasis. PMID- 3904272 TI - [Results of treatment of acute cholecystitis following conservative therapy, interval operation and early operation]. AB - The results achieved by conservative treatment interval operation and early operation in 981 patients suffering from acute cholecystitis were compared in a retrospective study by means of electronic data processing (EDP). There is no difference in length of operating time, intra- and postoperative complications and mortality rate between operation at an interval and early operation. By introducing the early operation the total mortality rate of all patients suffering from acute cholecystitis decreased from 7% to an average of 2.5%. PMID- 3904273 TI - [Possibilities of surgical and drug therapy of parasitic cholestasis]. AB - Out of 123 patients with hydatid-disease of the liver in 15 patients biliary engorgement by compression from cysts or parasites in the biliary system were observed. Diagnosis can be established by serology, sonography, scintigraphy, ERCP and CT. Invasive diagnostic procedures are not indicated. Surgical therapy of echinococcosis is in the first place; long-term adjuvant chemotherapy by Mebendazole is indicated if the resection of the cysts is not complete. PMID- 3904274 TI - [Unusual complication of gallstone ileus: segmental small intestinal phlegmon orad to the calculus site]. PMID- 3904275 TI - [Results of substitute stomach formation in total gastrectomy for stomach cancer (isoantiperistaltic jejunoplasty)]. PMID- 3904276 TI - [Our surgical heritage. Carl Langenbuch--a pioneer of modern bile duct surgery]. PMID- 3904277 TI - Comparison between enterotoxic activity and methanol solubility in heat-stable enterotoxins (STa and STb) from Escherichia coli of human, porcine and bovine origins. AB - We have investigated the enterotoxic activity of culture filtrates and their methanol extracted fractions from 10 ST (STa or STb) producing Escherichia coli strains from human, porcine and bovine origin, in the infant mouse test (IMT) as well as in the rabbit intestinal loop test (RILT). Unconcentrated culture filtrates and methanol-soluble fractions from the eight STa-producing strains were positive in the IMT while methanol-insoluble fractions obtained from these STa-positive strains, like methanol-soluble and -insoluble fractions from the two strains producing only STb, lacked activity in the IMT. Unconcentrated culture filtrates from all ST-producing strains were unable to cause fluid accumulation in the rabbit ligated intestinal loops after 6 h incubation. When this material, concentrated 5-fold, was tested again, the culture filtrates and methanol-soluble fractions from all STa-producing strains yielded strongly positive fluid accumulation in the RILT, whereas culture filtrates and their methanol extracted fractions from the strains producing only STb, like methanol-insoluble fractions from four STa-producing strains, caused slight fluid secretion in the rabbit intestinal loops. PMID- 3904278 TI - Adherence of Fusobacterium necrophorum to Vero cells. AB - The adherence of the anaerobic species Fusobacterium necrophorum to the surface of Vero cells was studied. Adherence between the bacterium and the tissue culture cells was paralleled by the hemagglutinability of F. necrophorum. Treatment of the bacterial cells with lactoalbumin hydrolysate or anti-F. necrophorum hemagglutinin serum reduced the intensity of the attachment. The purified hemagglutinin bound to the membranes of Vero cells. It lost its adherent property when mixed with the homologous anti-hemagglutinin serum. These observations suggest that the adherence of F. necrophorum to the surface of Vero cells is mediated by the bacterial hemagglutinin. PMID- 3904279 TI - Tick-borne encephalitis: a simple method for detection of antibody production in the brain. AB - Antibodies found in c.s.f. of patients with TBE are usually produced in the CNS itself, although their presence might also be due to a leak in the blood brain barrier. In the case of local antibody production the ratio of the TBE specific IgM or IgG to the total immunoglobulin is relatively high in c.s.f., whereas in case of a leak this ratio is lower and corresponds to that of the serum. Local antibody production in the brain can therefore be assumed, if the ratio is higher in c.s.f. than in serum. It is possible to determine this ratio in an anti-mu or anti-gamma capturing antibody ELISA, provided that the concentration of capturing antibodies represents the limiting factor of the test system. Under these conditions the absorbance values obtained are a direct reflection of the TBE reactive to nonreactive antibody ratio, since they compet for the limited binding sites presented on the solid phase. Higher extinction values of c.s.f. compared to that of serum are therefore an indication for local antibody production in the brain. Using the method described, differences were found in the production of IgM and IgG antibodies against TBE in the CNS from patients with different clinical history. PMID- 3904280 TI - Fibrinolytic activity of purified Serratia marcescens metalloproteases. AB - Two purified metalloproteases of Serratia marcescens revealed fibrinolytic activity, i.e., degraded human fibrin in agar as well as commercially available human fibrinogen and fibrinogen in fresh human plasma. PMID- 3904281 TI - [Microbiologic diagnosis of meningitis. Commission for the Establishment of Guideline Procedures for Microbiologic Diagnosis]. PMID- 3904282 TI - [Grigorii Viktorovich Gershuni (on his 80th birthday)]. PMID- 3904283 TI - [Auditory afference of the central gray tissue in the rat midbrain (morphofunctional and electrophysiological research)]. AB - Afferent connections between the central gray substance of the midbrain and central nuclei of the inferior colliculi have been revealed by horseradish peroxidase axonal transport technique in albino rats. Functional properties of neurones in the central gray substance of the midbrain were investigated by extracellular recording of their spike activity in response to continuous and amplitude-modulated tones. The results obtained are discussed in relation to integrity of structural and functional organization of the acoustico vocalizational system of the brain. PMID- 3904284 TI - [Taxonomy of the causative agents of plague and pseudotuberculosis]. PMID- 3904285 TI - [Historical aspects of anthropourgy in tick-borne obligate transmissible infections]. PMID- 3904286 TI - [Use of monoclonal antibodies for the production of a plague antibody erythrocyte diagnostic agent]. AB - Monoclonal antibodies to Yersinia pestis capsular antigen were fixed onto the surface of formulated sheep red blood cells. The preparation thus obtained was compared with commercial antibody erythrocyte diagnosticum in the passive hemagglutination test aimed at the search for the capsular antigen in the suspensions of Yersinia pestis museum cultures and in the antigen neutralization test aimed at the search for antibodies in the sera of wild and laboratory animals having had plague. Monoclonal erythrocyte diagnosticum proved to be suitable for the detection of both the capsular antigen and antibodies. The comparison of the results of the passive hemagglutination test and the enzyme immunoassay demonstrated the presence of very close relationship between them. PMID- 3904287 TI - [Possibilities for spring vaccination of schoolchildren against influenza]. PMID- 3904288 TI - History of lip reconstruction (cheiloplasty). PMID- 3904289 TI - Selection of the skin graft thickness with regard to structure of the donor site skin. PMID- 3904290 TI - Effect of haemodialysis on plasma ADH levels, plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone levels in patients with end-stage renal disease. AB - Changes in plasma ADH levels and plasma aldosterone levels (PA) were studied in patients with end-stage renal disease (N = 40). The patients were divided into two groups according to their plasma renin activity (PRA) into a low renin (LR, n = 9) and a high renin group (HR, n = 31). The metabolic clearance rate (MCR) of plasma ADH was also investigated in 4 patients and 5 normal volunteers. Additionally, it was examined whether plasma ADH, aldosterone and renin were permeable through the dialysis membrane. Pre- and post-dialysis plasma ADH levels in LR were similar to those in the HR group. However, pre- and post-dialysis PA in the HR group were significantly greater than those in the LR group. Post dialysis PRA was significantly increased in HR compared to pre-dialysis, but not in LR. Pre- and post-dialysis plasma osmolality was increased in both groups, but effective plasma osmolality (EPosm) was within the normal range. There was a significant correlation between EPosm and plasma ADH level both before and after haemodialysis, but the majority of the abnormally high values of ADH compared to the normal values was found within the normal range of EPosm. The patients exhibited high blood pressure and a rise in body weight, and haemodialysis caused a significant fall in body weight and blood pressure in both groups. MCR of ADH was significantly lower in the patients than that in normal subjects. Plasma ADH proved to be permeable through the dialysis membrane in all cases, but aldosterone in only a few cases. Renin was not permeable. PMID- 3904291 TI - Beta-2-microglobulin concentration in cerebrospinal fluid--monitoring of malignant lymphoma in the central nervous system. PMID- 3904292 TI - Purification of urokinase-converting protease from human plasma. PMID- 3904293 TI - Quantitative study of marrow stromal precursor cells in sublethal X-irradiated mice. PMID- 3904294 TI - Changes in network patterns of contractile filaments during neutrophil maturation. PMID- 3904295 TI - A monoclonal antibody against human neutrophil: evaluation of its effects on neutrophil function and partial characterization of the antigen. PMID- 3904296 TI - Effects of breathing therapy with a dead-space-resistance device on post-cardiac surgical patients. AB - The effects of a dead-space-resistance device (IDSEP breather) on Pao2, Paco2 and functional residual capacity (FRC) in 11 post-cardiac surgical patients were studied. There were no significant changes in Pao2, Paco2 and FRC after the IDSEP therapy. Changes in Pao2 between the pre- and post-IDSEP therapy correlated well with changes in FRC (r = 0.797, P less than 0.01). Breathing therapy with the dead-space-resistance device appeared not to bring any benefit in early post cardiac surgical patients. PMID- 3904297 TI - An evaluation of biochemical aspects of intravenous fructose, sorbitol and xylitol administration in man. PMID- 3904298 TI - Prevention of infusion thrombophlebitis. AB - Thrombophlebitis is a frequent and discomforting complication following infusions into peripheral veins. In controlled clinical and animal experiments, it has also been shown that following factors reduce the risk of development of infusion thrombophlebitis: a short infusion time, neutralization of the acid glucose solutions, addition of heparine to sugar solutions, use of short and thin needles instead of plastic cannulae or 30 cm-teflon catheters, use of 5% glucose instead of more concentrated solutions and use of glucose in preference to fructose. The importance of in-line membrane filters is not convincing, and the addition of hydrocortisone and the effects of changing administration sets seem without clinical importance. In conclusion, it is possible in clinical praxis to follow principles, which minimize the risk of the unpleasant and long-lasting complication - infusion thrombophlebitis. PMID- 3904299 TI - Pathophysiology of shock-induced disturbances in tissue homeostasis. AB - A survey is given on disturbances in tissue homeostasis induced by hypovolemic shock conditions. Fluid shifts taking place between the extra- and intravascular fluid compartments are important early compensatory responses following hypovolemia. Usually the supply-to-demand ratio of oxygen in most tissues can however, not be kept up if the hypovolemic insult is severe due to deterioration of the microcirculation. Cellular hypoxia will ensue and may with time affect the integrity of the cells. Cellular functional disturbances occur earlier and are more pronounced in peripheral non-vital tissues such as e.g. skeletal muscle than in central organs, the blood flow of which is more favoured during shock. Anaerobically produced cellular metabolites as well as intracellular components released from hypoxically injured cells in peripheral tissues may be of importance for the initiation of decompensatory reactions. Cellular components reaching the central circulation may induce direct effects on organs or systemic effects due to activation of the cascade systems. Thereby reactions leading to severe complications such as adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and multiple organ failure may be started. The aim of shock treatment should be to reverse as rapidly and as efficiently as possible the pathophysiological disturbances induced by a shock state. If the cellular hypoxic insult can be limited then the incidence of systemic complications in the post-shock period will also be reduced. PMID- 3904300 TI - Rationale for the use of colloids in the treatment of shock and hypovolemia. AB - The question, "Are colloids or crystalloids to be preferred for resuscitation in hypovolemic shock conditions?" is detailed in this review. The effects of these two types of fluid regimes on restitution of circulating blood volume, interstitial rehydration, microvascular blood flow, cellular metabolic recovery and on the incidence of systemic complications such as adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and multiple organ failure are considered. Colloid containing solutions seem superior to crystalloids due to efficient reexpansion of circulating blood volume and enhancement of capillary blood flow. Resuscitation times and thereby the cellular hypoxic insult are considerable reduced while at the same time the formation of excessive tissue oedema is prevented. Colloids do not seem to adversely affect pulmonary function. Dextran has considerable advantages over other types of colloids for the initial shock treatment due to its antithrombotic properties whereby cell aggregability is prevented and the incidence of systemic complications (microembolism syndromes) is convincingly reduced. PMID- 3904301 TI - Use of POR-8 in the management of burned children. AB - In the paediatric burn unit of Brugmann University Hospital, children are treated conservatively for three weeks before excision and grafting. In order to avoid excessive bleeding during tangential excision of the granulating tissue, sub eschar infiltration with Para-Ornithin-8-Vasopressin (POR 8), a synthetic neurohypophyseal-like hormone, has been performed since 1979 on 145 children. Bleeding is reduced dramatically by this technique. Therefore, since 1984, infiltration of the donor site with POR 8 was also performed in 25 children. Excision and grafting of areas up to 20% of total body surface are possible in one operation with a graft take rate of 95 to 100%. We didn't record any variation in heart rate. A 5 to 10% increase of arterial blood pressure occurred in all children. No general or local complications have been observed. We believe this technique to be of great help in the operative treatment of burns in children. PMID- 3904302 TI - Intensive care course after orthotopic liver transplantation in children. AB - Eight children 1 to 13 years old, were submitted to OLT. Six patients had normal liver function and complete rehabilitation 4 to 17 months after OLT. Two patients died during their ICU course respectively on day 15 and 34 after operation. The ICU management of the surviving patients is compared to the two fatal cases. At the time of admission in the ICU, there was no difference between the two groups, except for age. All patients were physiologically stable and needed essentially continuous monitoring and nursing care. All were rapidly weaned off artificial ventilation. During the first week after operation, surviving patients demonstrate improvement of liver function test, absence of infection, normal renal function and short ICU stay. They all suffered from systemic hypertension easily controlled by drugs. The two fatal cases were less than 15 months old and did not show improvement of their liver function. They suffered from severe infection, renal failure and protracted systemic hypertension and needed prolonged invasive monitoring and therapy. PMID- 3904303 TI - Anesthesia for foreign bodies in the tracheo-bronchial tree in children. AB - The authors present the anesthetic and ventilation techniques, used in 106 children, who were suspected of foreign body aspiration in the respiratory tract. In 62 children a foreign body was found. The youngest child was 8 months old and the oldest 13 years, with an age distribution peak in the 1 to 2 years age group. A predominance for the male sex (60%) was present. Foreign bodies of organic nature were found most frequently (80%), 39 of them consisting of peanuts. The bronchi were involved more often than the trachea and the foreign body was located more frequently at the right bronchus (38 pt). The children were ventilated initially with an intermittent oxygen jet injection technique, using a home made apparatus, but since 1978 with HFPPV, using the AGA Bronchovent. Induction of anesthesia was done with halothane and maintenance with etomidate infusion (10-20 micrograms/kg/min.) or thiopental increments (2 to 3 mg/kg). The technique so far used, proved to be satisfactory, specially since HFPPV is used. Few complications occurred. One child died during the bronchoscopic procedure and in an other child a tracheostomy had to be performed for extraction of the foreign body. PMID- 3904304 TI - Immunohistochemical studies of the serotonergic supraependymal plexus in the mammalian ventricular system, with special reference to the characteristic reticular ramification. AB - Distributional and morphological features, especially characteristics of the ramification of serotonin-containing supraependymal fibers (SEF), were studied in the ventricular systems of mammals (mouse, rat, guinea pig, rabbit, cat, dog, monkey) by means of a modified peroxidase antiperoxidase technique, using antiserotonin antiserum prepared in our laboratory. SEF were present in all ventricular systems, except on the third ventricle floor and in the choroid plexus. The density of SEF was higher in the smaller species. In the rat, light- and scanning electron microscopical SEF were almost completely abolished 1 week after intraventricular administration of 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine. Ramification of SEF was complicated; the SEF formed a true network with frequent anastomosing. In the ventricular system of rats rendered hydrocephalic by kaolin administration, the mode of axonal branching in the supraependymal plexus could best be analyzed by the scanning electron microscope because the meshes of the plexus were spread out. PMID- 3904305 TI - Binding of fibronectin to DNA: new application of the Crithidia luciliae immunofluorescence test. AB - Binding of purified plasma fibronection to Crithidia luciliae kinetoplast DNA was demonstrated by fluorescence microscopy. The method was suitable for the detection of fibronectin in human plasma diluted 1:256 and 1 microgram/ml concentration of isolated fibronectin. Purified human Clq, monoclonal human myeloma proteins of IgG1 and IgG3 subclasses and calf thymus DNA inhibited the binding of fibronectin to kinetoplasts. The method can be used as a functional assay for fibronectin and for various materials containing fibronectin. PMID- 3904306 TI - Virulence factors of Escherichia coli. II. Antigens O4, O6 and O18, haemolysin production and mannose resistant haemagglutinating capacity are closely associated. AB - Escherichia coli strains isolated from a variety of human samples were examined for alpha haemolysin (Hly) production. A total of 1156 strains was compared for incidence of Hly positivity, and the capacity of mannose resistant haemagglutinating activity of human erythrocytes (MRHA). Incidence of Hly production in serogroups O4, O6 and O18ac was significantly higher than in other ones (70.1% vs. 18.7%), independently of the origin of strains; 78% of Hly+ strains belonging to serogroups O4, O6, O18 was MRHA+, too. The marked correlation between Hly positivity, MRHA activity and these serogroups suggested that in serogroup O4, O18 and in a lesser degree O6, genetic informations concerning O antigen, MRHA and Hly are linked in the chromosome. PMID- 3904307 TI - Group and type distribution of beta-haemolytic streptococci in scarlet fever, Belgrade, Yugoslavia, 1973-1982 (a note). AB - The majority of 2033 beta-haemolytic streptococcus strains isolated from patients with scarlet fever belonged to group A (82.3%). Among group A streptococci the most frequent were types T1, T4 and T12, followed by types T2, T13 and T6. PMID- 3904308 TI - Bite force and its correlations in different denture types. AB - Maximal bite force was measured and intraoral condition was examined in 89 patients at the Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku. These patients formed three different denture groups: those with complete dentures, those with full maxillary denture and partial mandibular denture, and those with natural dentition or skeleton-supported partial maxillary denture and partial mandibular denture. There were three age groups: greater than or equal to 70, 60-69, and less than or equal to 59 years old. Maximal bite force was recorded with an appliance at seven different measuring points by placing a biting fork between the antagonistic teeth while at the same time the occlusion was stabilized contralaterally with a plastic tube. Maximal bite force had a correlation with age and sex (P less than 0.01). In partial-denture groups high bite force had a correlation with the breaking of dentures (P less than 0.001 and P less than 0.05, respectively). Satisfied patients had a higher bite force than dissatisfied ones. When there was some disturbance in occlusion, the bite force was smaller, especially in full-denture groups (P less than 0.001). Full-denture wearers also had a good bite force, but the best biting area was located more posteriorly than in patients who still had some natural teeth left in both jaws. Changes in the denture-bearing mucosa in patients with complete dentures and negative height of the mandibular alveolar process decreased the bite force slightly. PMID- 3904309 TI - Gingival beta 2-microglobulin in juvenile and chronic periodontitis. AB - The beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2-m) pattern in gingival biopsy specimen from 24 patients with chronic severe periodontitis (P), from 11 patients with juvenile periodontitis (JP), and from 24 periodontally healthy subjects (CO) was studied with an indirect immunoperoxidase method. No reactivity for beta 2-m was found in 71% of specimens in the P and CO groups, whereas 82% of the JP specimens showed positive beta 2-m staining in the epithelium. The reactivity was detected mostly in the upper layers of the epithelium. In all the three groups the beta 2-m reactivity was less frequent in the subepithelial connective tissue than in the epithelium proper, and it seemed to be confined to the inflammatory cells. In the JP group, prominent reactivity for beta 2-m was also located in intercellular bridges of the squamous cells. The significance of the results is discussed in terms of the cell differentiation in these diseases, including the function of beta 2-m related to the function of the classical HLA antigens (HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA C). PMID- 3904310 TI - Masticatory efficiency and dental state. A comparison between two methods. AB - The masticatory efficiency of subjects with all natural teeth, with complete upper and partial lower dentures, and with complete dentures was measured. Two different methods were used. The results showed significant differences among the groups irrespective of the method used. The subjects with dentures compensated for decreasing masticatory efficiency by using more strokes when chewing until swallowing. Great interindividual differences were found within groups with similar dental states. There was no or weak correlation between the two methods. A value from one method corresponded to a large range of values in the other method and vice versa. PMID- 3904311 TI - The precision and accuracy of symphysis--fundus distance measurements during pregnancy. AB - We studied the precision and accuracy of SF measurements. Five trained obstetricians made three measurements of SF on each of 33 patients in the third trimester. The intraobserver variation varied from 0 cm to 8 cm, and comprised on average 1.5 to 2 cm (95th centiles 2.5 to 4 cm). The interobserver variation varied from 1 to 13 cm, and comprised on average 4 cm (95th centile 8 cm). The accuracy of SF measurements was estimated by comparison with ultrasound-guided measurements, which showed a very high precision. Two of the investigators differed significantly, by -1.56 cm and -1.97 cm, from the other 3. PMID- 3904312 TI - Bromocriptine inhibition of hyperprolactinemia during surgery. AB - The material included two groups of 10 women undergoing diagnostic laparoscopy. General anesthesia was administered by injection of 0.1 mg fentanyl followed by infusion of propanidide-succinylcholine. The control group received no medication prior to surgery, whereas patients in the experimental group were given 5 mg bromocriptine per os. Blood samples for prolactin determinations were drawn as the patients were placed on the operating table and immediately following surgery. The association of anesthesia and surgery caused prolactin levels to rise from 10.9 +/- 3.5 to 168 +/- 18.7 ng . ml-1 in the control group (p much less than 0.001) and from 3.5 +/- 0.5 to 7.5 +/- 1.1 ng . ml-1 in the test group (p less than 0.001). A significant difference was noted between the two groups for their pre- and postoperative levels and prolactin response (p less than 0.05, p much less than 0.001 and p much less than 0.001, respectively). The proposed protocol successfully suppresses prolactin increase during surgery and constitutes a useful tool for investigating hyperprolactinemia and its consequences during this same time. Possible applications include in vitro fertilization and studies on prolactin receptor-bearing tumors. PMID- 3904313 TI - Histometry of the placental structures involved in the respiratory interchange. AB - Employing a stereometric technique, we determined the following parameters in six normal term placentae: respiratory area (total surface area of vasculo-syncytial membranes); total villous surface area; proportion of respiratory area (percentage fraction of villous surface that corresponds to the respiratory area). The value of each of these parameters was studied in each placental sample, as well as their distribution in the different placental zones, considered according to their distance from the placental rim. All parameters were distributed heterogeneously throughout the peripheral, intermediate and central zones of the placentae studied. The same parameters were also measured along the full thickness of the placenta, considering subchorial, middle and basal levels. All parameters were homogeneously distributed along the thickness of the placenta. We discuss the functional implications of our findings. Villous surface area values ranged from 8.6 to 13.3 m2 (mean = 10.9 m2). Respiratory areas ranged from 0.97 to 2.43 m2 (mean = 1.57 m2). Between 1:10 and 1:5 of the villous surface area corresponded to the respiratory area. PMID- 3904314 TI - Psychogenic stress in women during fetal monitoring (hormonal profile). AB - The influence of fetal heart rate monitoring on endocrinological parameters (growth hormone, insulin, cortisol, dopamine, epinephrine and norepinephrine) for stress was tested in women during pregnancy and in labor. Significant increases in the levels of all hormones except dopamine were found during monitoring in women with the non-stress test in comparison with the control group. Increases of more than 50% in the level of all hormones were found during labor with or without monitoring, reflecting stress during labor. The implication of fetal heart rate monitoring on the emotional state of the pregnant woman must be taken seriously. PMID- 3904315 TI - Ritodrine and terbutaline compared for the treatment of preterm labor. AB - A prospective study comparing intravenous ritodrine and terbutaline was initiated to assess the efficacy of each drug in arresting preterm labor. Delivery was delayed for 25.8 days in patients treated with terbutaline and 13.0 days in patients treated with ritodrine. Patients treated with terbutaline gave birth to infants with a mean birthweight of 2 588 grams and 60% achieved a gestation of 36 weeks. Patients treated with ritodrine gave birth to infants with a mean birthweight of 2 392 grams and 39% achieved a gestation of 36 weeks. From this study it is evident that parturition was more effectively delayed in women treated with terbutaline than in a similar group of women treated with ritodrine. PMID- 3904316 TI - An evaluation of routine early pregnancy ultrasonography. AB - A review of 1 000 pregnancies in which routine early pregnancy scanning was performed is reported. Ultrasound predicted accurately (to within +/- 14 days) the date of confinement in more than 90% of women who were unsure of their dates. Clinical estimation of gestation age compared well with ultrasound report in 90% of singleton pregnancies. Scanning diagnosed 3 out of 4 lethal congenital abnormalities in early pregnancy. The diagnosis of multiple pregnancy and placenta praevia have no immediate clinical implication in early pregnancy. Early pregnancy scan is recommended for women who are uncertain of their last menstrual period and for those with identified early pregnancy risks. Routine use of ultrasonography in early pregnancy should be related to the identified need of the population served and should be employed with caution. Where the policy of routine scanning is adopted, optional information is obtained when the procedure is carried out between the 14th and 18th week of gestation. Clinical pelvic examination in early pregnancy remains a valuable practice for the estimation of gestational age. PMID- 3904317 TI - Advanced pregnancy in the rudimentary horn of a bicornuate uterus. AB - Ultrasound was useful for the diagnosis of advanced pregnancy in the non communicating rudimentary horn of a bicornuate uterus. The role of ultrasonography in early diagnosis of this condition in order to improve fetal salvage was discussed. PMID- 3904318 TI - Fetal hydrothorax and bilateral pulmonary hypoplasia. Ultrasonic diagnosis. AB - Bilateral pulmonary hypoplasia associated with hydrothorax is an unexplained entity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate an ultrasonic diagnostic approach towards this problem. Antenatal screening of pregnancies at risk for fetal hydrothorax, early detection of suspected hypoplasia and active management might afford the fetus adequate pulmonary function to support extra-uterine life. PMID- 3904319 TI - Antenatal diagnosis of bilateral congenital chylothorax with pericardial effusion. PMID- 3904320 TI - Critical evaluation of methods for electron microscopy of cervical mucus. AB - The ultrastructure of cervical mucus has been studied by scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy. The images differ according to the methods used for preparation; different patterns were found in the same sample when the freeze-drying and critical point-drying methods were used for SEM. When using TEM, the specimen appeared more homogeneous, with fine fibrils and granules. This accords with the theory that the cervical mucus consists of a randomly entangled fibrillar network. Electron microscopy of cervical mucus requires preparation procedures which involve considerable risk of creating artefacts. In our experience the TEM technique produces fewer artefacts and therefore gives pictures more true to the in vivo situation. PMID- 3904321 TI - Relief of primary dysmenorrhea by transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation. AB - In this study we describe the use of high-frequency transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) (100 Hz) and low-frequency TENS (lf-TENS) (2 Hz trains) as compared with placebo-TENS (p-TENS) in a group of 21 patients suffering from primary dysmenorrhea. Naloxone, a relatively pure opiate antagonist, was an additional test administered to 6 volunteer patients who had experienced an alleviation of pain with TENS. As will be seen, 14 out of 21 patients receiving high-frequency TENS (hf-TENS) experienced a pain reduction exceeding 50% of its original intensity. During lf-TENS or p-TENS, only 7 and 5 patients, respectively, obtained pain relief exceeding 50%. In 4 out of 6 volunteer patients, the relief of pain obtained with lf-TENS was counteracted by naloxone, whereas the relief experienced with hf-TENS in the same patients was, in general, unaffected by naloxone. PMID- 3904322 TI - A prospective controlled trial of metoprolol-hydralazine treatment in hypertension during pregnancy. AB - In an open, controlled trial, treatment with a combination of metoprolol and hydralazine was compared with non-pharmacological management of mild and moderate hypertension in pregnancy. One hundred and sixty-one women participated in the study. The drug-treated group showed significantly better blood pressure control than the group not given antihypertensives. Induction of labor before term, because of maternal or fetal complications, was somewhat more frequent in the control group. Nine women in the treatment group and 5 in the control group developed albuminuria. Three infants in the drug-treated group died perinatally, and one in the control group. The outcome for the newborns was similar in both groups concerning birth weight, head circumference and Apgar score and in the frequencies of respiratory distress, bradycardia and hypoglycemia. The better blood pressure control achieved with these drugs makes it possible to treat the patient at home and reduce the risk of emergency delivery, but treatment does not seem to be mandatory for a good outcome of the pregnancy in cases of mild and moderate hypertension during pregnancy. PMID- 3904323 TI - Complete fetal heart block diagnosed by ultrasound. PMID- 3904324 TI - Amniocentesis in treatment of acute polyhydramniosis in twin pregnancies. AB - A rare complication in twin pregnancy is acute polyhydramniosis. If left untreated, the perinatal mortality is 100%. The clinical courses of two cases treated with ultrasound-guided amniocentesis are presented. In the first case altogether 4875 ml amniotic fluid was drained. Both twins died within the first 24 hours of life after delivery in gestational week 26. In the second case 2150 ml amniotic fluid was drained. Both twins survived and were delivered in good condition in gestational week 35. We recommend ultrasound-guided amniocentesis to be performed in twin pregnancy affected by acute polyhydramniosis. PMID- 3904325 TI - Progress in temporal bone histopathology. II. Immuno-technology applied to the temporal bone. AB - By using monoclonal antibodies against cell-membrane receptors the cellular composition of an aural cholesteatoma can be determined. Langerhans' cells and T lymphocytes predominate in the cholesteatoma matrix. The normal human tympanic membrane is devoid of these cells. Immuno-technology applied to the inner ear is illustrated by tracing gentamicin in the cochlea with a polyvalent anti gentamicin antiserum in serial sections. In an animal model gentamicin is detectable through this method. From 3 days on, after daily i.p. injection of 100 mg gentamicin/kg body weight, the drug accumulates in the outer hair cells. PMID- 3904326 TI - [Subclavian steal syndrome]. PMID- 3904327 TI - The nutritional state and nutrition. AB - Cystic fibrosis children tend to have a low birth weight and their mean height and weight during childhood is below that for the general population. They also tend to have a delayed bone age and puberty. The degree of underweight correlates more closely with the respiratory condition than with the degree of malabsorption. There is evidence that their nutritional requirements are increased, perhaps up to 150% of the recommended daily allowance, but in later childhood their food intake is frequently low and maybe the major reasons for their poor growth and development. Specific deficiencies of vitamins, minerals and essential fatty acids occasionally present as clinical problems. New approaches to nutrition include increasing dietary fat, which was traditionally low because of malabsorption, and this change has been made possible with the development of modern pancreatic supplements. Supplementary nutrition with elemental diets or intravenous hyperalimentation have given promising results in some studies and might be expected to improve the patient's resistance to infection as well as his nutritional state. The place of oral essential fatty acid supplements is still being evaluated, but intravenous infusions of fat emulsion are not justifiable in themselves. PMID- 3904328 TI - Bile acid metabolism in children with cystic fibrosis. AB - Recycling of bile acids through the enterohepatic cycle is very efficacious. Bile acids contribute to bile formation and, by forming micelles, participate in lipid solubilization and absorption. The small fraction which escapes in the feces, is synthesized daily by the liver to compensate for losses. In CF, bile acid malabsorption has been documented; these large losses are accompanied by an interruption in the enterohepatic circulation with concomitant reduction in bile acid pool and disturbances in biliary composition. The various intraluminal factors implicated in bile acid malabsorption include: unhydrolysed triglycerides and phospholipids, precipitation of bile acids in acidic duodenal content, adsorption to residues and modification of colonic microflora. A defect in bile acid ileal uptake has also been advocated. These disturbances in bile acid metabolism associated with CF might lead to aggravation of diarrhea and steatorrhea, cholelithiasis and perhaps liver disease. PMID- 3904329 TI - Preclinical pharmacology of diltiazem. AB - The membrane site of action and intracellular effects of diltiazem on heart and blood vessels are briefly discussed and compared to those of other calcium entry blockers, mainly verapamil and nifedipine. Diltiazem seems to have another site of action in the membrane than verapamil and nifedipine. Even if its main action is exerted at the cell membrane level, diltiazem may, at high concentrations, appears to have intracellular effects. Similar to the haemodynamic effects of verapamil and nifedipine, those of diltiazem are determined not only by direct actions on heart and peripheral vessels, but also by sympathetic reflex activity which modulates the direct effects. Two aspects of the myocardial protective action of diltiazem are discussed, the ability of the drug to reduce the frequency of ventricular dysrhythmias associated with ischaemic damage, and the ability to protect the ischaemic myocardium during reperfusion. PMID- 3904330 TI - Pharmacokinetics of diltiazem and other calcium entry blockers. AB - Diltiazem, as well as other calcium entry blockers, is widely prescribed for the treatment of various types of angina. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge of the pharmacokinetics of diltiazem and of two other calcium entry blockers: verapamil and nifedipine. Although unrelated in their chemical structure, these three drugs have common features. They are highly lipophilic and have a large volume of distribution, are mainly cleared by metabolism and undergo an extensive first-pass extraction. On the other hand, as expected from their quite dissimilar structures, they have their own particular kinetic characteristics. For example, metabolism of diltiazem and verapamil gives rise to active metabolites; repeated administration influences the kinetic profile of verapamil but not those of diltiazem and nifedipine. Absorption, distribution and elimination of these three drugs are differently affected by age and pathological conditions. The possible drug interactions involving diltiazem and the other calcium entry blockers are discussed, particularly that with digoxin. Due to its large therapeutic index, there is no need for treatment monitoring of diltiazem. Nevertheless, this procedure may provide useful information for optimizing the dosage regimen of each patient as the pathological condition and drug therapy may be quite complex. PMID- 3904331 TI - Some extracardiac effects of diltiazem and other calcium entry blockers. AB - Calcium entry blockers have a well documented relaxing effect of smooth muscle, vascular as well as non-vascular. Mainly as a consequence of this action, the drugs have been used for treatment of several non-cardiac disorders where hyperactivity of smooth muscle is considered to have an important role in the pathogenesis. In this short review some of these extracardiac effects of calcium entry blockers are discussed and also their clinical application. PMID- 3904332 TI - Efficacy of diltiazem for coronary artery spasm. AB - The introduction of calcium entry blockers which caused marked vascular smooth muscle relaxation with minimal effects on myocardial contractility have provided a new approach to the patient with angina due to coronary artery spasm. Multiple, double-blinded, randomized studies of diltiazem versus placebo have demonstrated that this agent results in reduction in angina frequency and nitroglycerin consumption by 30% to 70% with a demonstrated dose response. A long-term, open label follow-up study of 18 patients who participated in a 44-week prospective, double-blind crossover trial of 240 mg of diltiazem versus placebo for prophylaxis of angina in patients with coronary artery spasm demonstrated a 75% decrease in angina attacks during the first five months of the study and an 80% decrease compared to the placebo period during the second six months. Both the short- and long-term studies have demonstrated very few adverse side effects, less than 7%. A recent long-term study of 43 patients who took diltiazem regularly and were followed in the Coronary Artery Spasm Clinic at Stanford University Medical Center for a mean of 19.6 months (range 6 to 28.5 months) was analyzed for cardiovascular events in the 19.6 months prior to therapy and the 19.6 months after the initiation of therapy. Cardiovascular events on diltiazem, including sudden cardiac death, myocardial infarction, and hospitalization to rule out myocardial infarction utilizing a binomial distribution showed over a 90% reduction compared to the pre-diltiazem period. Adverse effects were reported in six patients who reported minimal to mild pedal oedema.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3904333 TI - Modification by exercise of the plasma gastric inhibitory polypeptide response to glucose ingestion in young men. PMID- 3904334 TI - The sodium intake modifies the renin-aldosterone and blood pressure changes associated with moderately low energy diets. AB - Thirty middle-aged, moderately obese men with untreated mild hypertension were allocated to two groups of 15 men each. Both groups were placed on energy-reduced diets (5.1 MJ/day) for 9-11 weeks which resulted in similar losses of body mass (8.5 kg). In group I the low energy diet was supplemented with sodium chloride leading to no change in urinary sodium excretion. During dieting there were significant reductions of plasma renin activity (PRA) and urinary excretion of noradrenaline and aldosterone. Heart rate but not mean arterial pressure (MAP) decreased significantly. Then followed a period of sodium restriction which resulted in a significant decrease in MAP and an increase in aldosterone excretion. In group II there was a reduction of sodium intake by about 80 mmol as judged from determinations of urinary sodium excretion. In this group the energy restriction was not accompanied by any changes in PRA or urinary excretion of aldosterone, whereas urinary noradrenaline excretion, heart rate and MAP decreased significantly. Urinary adrenaline excretion remained unchanged. It is concluded that the hypotensive response to moderate energy and sodium reduction cannot be explained by changes in the renin-aldosterone. system. PMID- 3904335 TI - Atenolol versus bendroflumethiazide in middle-aged and elderly hypertensives. AB - The antihypertensive effect and patient tolerability during 12 weeks' treatment with atenolol and bendroflumethiazide were evaluated in an open, randomized, between-patient trial. Out of a total of 162 patients, aged 50-75 years, with previously untreated hypertension, 151 completed the trial. They were randomly allocated to two groups. Forty-nine patients, aged 50-64 years (middle-aged), and 23, aged 65-75 years (elderly), were treated with atenolol. Forty middle-aged and 39 elderly were treated with bendroflumethiazide. Significant reductions in blood pressure (BP) were observed during treatment with each drug (p less than 0.001). The change in diastolic BP in middle-aged patients was significant in favour of atenolol (p less than 0.01), but otherwise no difference was found between the two drugs. Uric acid increased during treatment with both drugs (p less than 0.001). Serum potassium decreased during bendroflumethiazide treatment (p less than 0.001). Subjective side-effects of both drugs were few and expected. The results of this study indicate that atenolol and bendroflumethiazide are equally effective in reducing BP in patients aged 50-75 years. PMID- 3904336 TI - The effects of trimazosin and pindolol on serum lipids, blood glucose and serum insulin levels. AB - The effects on plasma lipids, blood glucose and serum insulin levels of oral administration of trimazosin and pindolol over a 6-month period were studied in 11 patients with essential hypertension. Total plasma cholesterol and LDL cholesterol concentrations were higher (p less than 0.05) after one month's treatment with trimazosin than basal values, but the significance of changes disappeared with continuation of treatment. The concentrations of plasma triglycerides, VLDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and free fatty acids and the HDL cholesterol/total cholesterol ratio remained about constant during treatment with trimazosin. During pindolol treatment the plasma levels of total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol were slightly but not significantly lowered at 3 and 6 months. The levels of plasma triglycerides, VLDL cholesterol and HDL cholesterol remained about constant and the ratio of HDL cholesterol to total cholesterol had increased slightly (p less than 0.05) at 3 months. Serum free fatty acid concentration decreased significantly. There were no significant differences between plasma lipid levels during either trimazosin or pindolol treatment. Blood glucose concentrations showed a slight tendency to increase during the treatment periods, but no impairment in insulin release was found. PMID- 3904337 TI - Carbamazepine therapy in restless legs. Discrimination between responders and non responders. AB - One hundred and seventy-four patients suffering from restless legs were included in a double-blind trial. Eighty-four patients were treated with carbamazepine (CBZ) and 90 with placebo. Discrimination analysis was carried out in order to characterize the patients who did not benefit from the treatment. Patients treated with CBZ were divided into responders and non-responders. A discriminant function classified 15 out of 19 actual non-responders as non-responders and 60 out of 65 actual responders as responders. By using the "leaving-one-out" technique, 14 of the non-responders and 57 of the responders were still correctly classified. The probability of erroneously classifying a patient increased from about 10 to 15% by this correction. The discriminant function classified approximately 80% of the patients in the placebo group as responders to CBZ. PMID- 3904338 TI - Pacemaker infections. A clinical study with special reference to prophylactic use of some isoxazolyl penicillins. AB - Infection is a major complication of pacemaker treatment. Antibiotic prophylaxis has been used in association with pacemaker surgery with conflicting results, and conclusive prospective trials are lacking. This investigation indicated that systemic antibiotic prophylaxis was of benefit when infections occurred frequently. The effect of local antibiotic prophylaxis was comparable with that of systemic prophylaxis at generator replacements. No serious adverse effects of the prophylaxis were noted. However, with modern surgical methods and hygienic principles, antibiotic prophylaxis did not seem to be necessary at implantation of new cardiac pacemakers. Once infection had developed it was difficult to eradicate and serious complications sometimes occurred. Most infections commenced in the pacemaker pocket. A few cases were cured by antibiotic treatment alone but, particularly if the infection spread along the electrode, surgery was strongly needed and in the presence of endocarditis and/or septicemia all foreign material should be removed if possible. The most common causal microorganisms of pacemaker infections were Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Routinely performed pre-, per- and postoperative cultures were of no prognostic value. Persistent use of antibiotics could select for methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci, therefore bacteriological monitoring of wound infections was considered important. The dosage schedules used for cloxacillin and flucloxacillin gave satisfactory serum concentrations peroperatively. Local treatment with cloxacillin in the pacemaker pocket peroperatively gave adequate concentrations in tissue fluid from the pocket 24 h after the operation, as did systemic administration of flucloxacillin. The pharmacokinetics of flucloxacillin in these elderly patients differed in some respects from that found in healthy volunteers. Plasma elimination half-life was almost twice as long. Despite the high degree of plasma protein binding, flucloxacillin appeared to pass rapidly and efficiently to extravascular compartments, such as a pacemaker pocket. PMID- 3904339 TI - Isoelectric focusing and immunofixation on cerebro-spinal fluid from multiple sclerosis patients. PMID- 3904340 TI - Early immunosuppressive effect of parenteral methylprednisolone in the treatment of multiple sclerosis. PMID- 3904341 TI - [Psychiatric care at the Royal General Hospital of Our Lady of Grace of Zaragoza and its sphere of influence in the 18th century]. PMID- 3904342 TI - [Medical anthropology in the works of Saint Teresa of Jesus]. PMID- 3904343 TI - Helminth infections of humans: mathematical models, population dynamics, and control. PMID- 3904344 TI - Anorexia: occurrence, pathophysiology, and possible causes in parasitic infections. PMID- 3904345 TI - Argasid and nuttalliellid ticks as parasites and vectors. PMID- 3904346 TI - Trichostrongyloid nematodes and their vertebrate hosts: reconstruction of the phylogeny of a parasitic group. PMID- 3904347 TI - Nematodes as biological control agents: Part I. Mermithidae. PMID- 3904348 TI - Serum albumin. PMID- 3904350 TI - Toxicity of mercury and its inorganic salts. PMID- 3904349 TI - Nonenzymatic covalent posttranslational modification of proteins in vivo. PMID- 3904351 TI - [Pathological studies on the retinopathy of prematurity (ROP)--comparison between still-born and premature babies]. PMID- 3904352 TI - [Chemotactic factor to polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the crystalline lens. 4. Chemotactic activity in crystalline lens digested with trypsin]. PMID- 3904353 TI - [27 cases of retinoblastoma--pathological and immunohistological studies]. PMID- 3904354 TI - Histology and electron microscopy of tuberculin reaction in wattles of inbred chickens. PMID- 3904355 TI - Immunological aspects of psoriasis and alopecia areata. PMID- 3904356 TI - Determination of proteolytic activity of cervicovaginal secretions in women with chronic adnexitis. PMID- 3904357 TI - [Indications and limitations of ultrasound and axial computed tomography in urologic oncology]. PMID- 3904358 TI - [A case of postpartum spontaneous rupture of an angiomyolipoma]. AB - A case of postpartum spontaneous rupture of angiomyolipoma in a 27-year-old woman with the chief complaints of right flank pain and fever was reported. Physical examinations revealed an infant-head sized, hard elastic mass with a smooth surface in the right flank. Laboratory studies showed a decrease of Hb to 9.0 g/dl and Ht to 26.5%, and elevated LDH (2914 IU/l). Angiomyolipoma was suspected with ultrasonography, CT scan and angiography. Transperitoneal right nephrectomy was performed. The right kidney and tumor weighed 1,870 g. Pathological diagnosis also confirmed angiomyolipoma of the kidney. Discussion of the case and a brief review of the literature on spontaneous rupture of angiomyolipoma in the intra- and postpartum are made. PMID- 3904359 TI - [Retention cyst of the prostate gland: report of a case]. AB - A 55-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of pollakisuria and dysuria. Rectal examination revealed a normal prostate and did not show fluctuation or tenderness. Cystography and cystoscopic examination revealed a lesion projecting into the bladder cavity. An echogram showed an irregular internal echo at the left lobe of the prostate, but prostatic biopsy revealed benign prostatic hypertrophy. Transvesical removal of the prostatic cyst was performed. The cyst was about 3 cm in diameter and filled with yellow fluid (5.8 ml). The fluid contained no sperm and its acid phosphatase and zinc levels were high. The cystic wall was lined by cubo-collumnar cells and partly by flattened epithelium. PMID- 3904360 TI - [Staging of bladder tumors by angiography, ultrasonography and computed tomography]. AB - Accurate clinical staging of bladder tumors is of utmost importance for selecting the most suitable treatment measure for each clinical case. We evaluated the diagnostic efficacy of pelvic angiography, transabdominal ultrasonography, transurethral ultrasonography and computed tomography for estimation of the extent of bladder tumor infiltration. During the past 12 years, we experienced 232 bladder tumor cases. Among them, 30 patients were evaluated with pelvic angiography, 52 with transabdominal ultrasonography, 14 with transurethral ultrasonography and 84 with computed tomography. Pelvic angiography enabled correct diagnosis in 24 of the 30 patients (80%), transabdominal ultrasonography in 8 of the 52 patients (15%), transurethral ultrasonography in 7 of the 14 patients (50%) and computed tomography in 62 of the 84 patients (74%). Combined examination with transurethral ultrasonography and computed tomography seems to be the most reliable method for estimation of the extent of bladder tumor infiltration. PMID- 3904361 TI - [Clinical studies of the patients with primary renal pelvis cancer]. AB - Sixteen patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis seen at our Hospital between December 1973 and February 1984 were reviewed and the diagnostic tools were evaluated. The patients (11 males, 5 females) ranged in age from 35 to 81 years (mean 63.8). Ten tumors were found on the left side and 6 on the right side. The most frequent symptom was macrohematuria (93.8%). Total nephroureterectomy including the cuff was performed in 11 cases, simple nephrectomy in 2 cases and partial nephrectomy in one case. Lymphadenectomy was performed in 4 cases. According to the general rules for clinical and pathological studies on bladder cancer in Japan, 5 cases were classified grade 1, 6 cases as grade 2 and 3 cases as grade 3. According to Cummings' staging, 2 cases were in stage 1, 4 in stage II, 7 in stage III and 3 in stage IV. The cumulative survival rate at 5 years was 34.1% by Kaplan-Meier's method. The diagnostic tool contributing to the confirmation of the renal pelvic cancer was the retrograde pyelogram in 12 out of 15 patients (80.0%). PMID- 3904362 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of renal angiomyolipoma]. AB - We have hitherto reported 6 cases of renal angiomyolipoma. Recently, we encountered two more such cases. Case 1 is a 34-year-old woman with fever as the chief complaint. DIP revealed a tumor mass in the right upper pelvic pole. This mass showed a strong echo level on ECHO and adipose tissue of low density on CT scan. Therefore, the patient was diagnosed as having renal angiomyolipoma. Since liposarcoma was not ruled out by the examination of frozen sections during operation, nephrectomy was performed. Case 2 is a 40-year-old woman. Diagnosed as having bilateral renal angiomyolipoma, she underwent right nephrectomy 14 years ago. Two years ago, she had heavy hematuria, and had embolization of the left renal artery. She has had no bleeding since the embolization. We are of the view that ECHO and CT can are very useful for diagnosis of renal angiomyolipoma, and embolization for heavy hematuria, a complication, should be performed first of all. PMID- 3904363 TI - [Antegrade pyelography]. AB - Percutaneous antegrade pyelography under ultrasonic real-time guidance was performed in 18 cases of obstructive hydronephrosis, which were poorly visualized the renal collecting system on excretory urography and in which or retrograde pyelography could not be performed successfully. This technique was safe, accurate and easy, and provided significant diagnostic information in these cases. With the patient under local anesthesia an 18 gauge spinal needle was inserted into the renal pelvis. Approximately 10-20 ml fluid were withdrawn from the renal pelvis for cytology and culture. After the injection of contrast medium radiograms were obtained in adequate positions. Delayed films were obtained when indicated. In 8 cases pelvic and/or ureter tumor was diagnosed. In two cases congenital anomalies were diagnosed, one had complete obstruction at the ureteropelvic junction and the other had complete obstruction at the ureterovesical junction. In the other three cases ureter ligation and in 5 cases ureter stenosis were diagnosed. The quality of the aspirated urine was dark-red in 6 cases, positive cytology, in 6 cases, all of which had pelvic and/or ureter tumors. No severe complications were observed. PMID- 3904364 TI - [Percutaneous nephrostomy]. AB - Sixty three cases (male 32, female 31) of supravesical obstruction were treated with ultrasonically guided subcutaneous nephrostomy at our hospitals from October 1980 to October 1984. Their age ranges from 2 months to 84 years old, and median age was 52 years old. The major causes of ureteral obstruction were extended pelvic malignancies, 45 cases (71%) (gynecological 18, urological 16, gastrocolorectal 7 and others 4), and benign disease 18 cases (29%). Objectives of nephrostomy were classified in 4 categories (drainage, manipulation, irrigation and evaluation), and results of nephrostomy were discussed for each category. No major complications were observed. Only prolonged macrohematuria (over 48 hours) and fever (over 38 degrees C) were observed in 5 cases respectively. Success rate of nephrostomy placement was 97.5% of all cases. With ultrasonography and angiographic technique, percutaneous nephrostomy is an easy, safe and reliable method. PMID- 3904365 TI - [Ultrasonically guided puncture of the prostate and seminal vesicles]. AB - Ultrasonically guided puncture of the prostate was carried out in 10 patients with prostatic disease. Biopsy of the aiming portion of the prostate was performed with more certainty and safety by this method than the conventional blind procedure. In the 15 cases having the suspicion of seminal vesicle disorder, the seminal vesicle was punctured under ultrasound control. By this procedure, the seminal vesicle fluid was safely and accurately obtained. PMID- 3904366 TI - Colicin production in relation to pathogenicity factors in strains of Escherichia coli isolated from the intestinal tract of piglets. PMID- 3904367 TI - Rotavirus and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infections of calves on a closed Finnish dairy farm. PMID- 3904368 TI - Ignorance is not bliss: knowledge, information, and the diagnostic technology problem. PMID- 3904369 TI - Digital subtraction angiography of coronary grafts: optimization of technique. AB - Forty patients who had undergone coronary artery bypass surgery were studied with digital subtraction angiography (DSA) to develop an outpatient screening technique for coronary artery bypass graft visualization. Of 103 grafts in 40 patients, 101 were seen: 95 were clearly patent and in six the stump of an occluded graft was seen. Of 32 grafts seen in 14 patients using intraarterial DSA, only 13 (41%) were demonstrated using intravenous DSA. Intraarterial DSA is an effective screening procedure to determine bypass graft patency. However, volumes of 40-45 ml of 76% contrast medium injected at rates of at least 20 ml/sec must be used for each injection to obtain a diagnostic image, and since each projection is complementary and contributes some information, several injections must be used to complete an examination. PMID- 3904370 TI - Noninvasive diagnosis of small cavernous hemangioma of the liver: advantage of MRI. AB - Thirty-three lesions of small cavernous hemangioma of the liver under 3 cm in diameter detected by sonography, computed tomography (CT), or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were reviewed. Sonography detected 23 lesions, plain CT 15 out of 26, and MR 31, including one equivocal. On sonography, 18 of 23 revealed a strong, almost homogeneous hyperechoic mass without a rim. On CT, eight of 33 showed characteristic findings of hemangioma by contrast enhancement. On MRI, 26 of 31 appeared as a markedly high-intensity area, which was rarely the appearance of other hepatic tumors of similar size. Spin-spin relaxation time (T2) of hemangioma was prolonged over 80 msec in 15 of 18 while one of 20 lesions in patients with primary or secondary liver cancers under 3 cm showed T2 of 80 msec or more. MRI in addition to sonography and/or CT allowed detection of almost all cavernous hemangiomas over 1 cm in diameter and diagnosis with considerably high accuracy and specificity. MRI will play an important role in determination of necessity of further invasive diagnostic methods for patients with small liver tumors detected by sonography and/or CT. PMID- 3904371 TI - Intraoperative sonographic monitoring of reduction of thoracolumbar burst fractures. AB - Intraoperative real-time sonography was used to monitor surgical reduction of acute thoracolumbar burst fractures in eight patients. Real-time sonography was performed after laminectomy through a saline-filled operative field using either a 5.0 or a 7.5 MHz transducer. Sonography was performed during Harrington rod distraction and during fracture reduction to confirm adequacy of decompression of the spinal canal. This technique is useful to monitor surgery and in defining adequate fracture reduction. PMID- 3904372 TI - Sonographic standards for normal infant kidney length. AB - Standards for kidney length in relation to size were derived from measures of 34 normal, full-term, healthy infants aged 2-56 weeks. Of six general size variables (age, weight, length, head circumference, abdominal circumference, and C7 to coccyx length), net kidney length correlated best with a combination of infant length and weight. A nomogram has been generated from these data for use by the radiologist. PMID- 3904373 TI - Milrinone in the treatment of chronic cardiac failure: a controlled trial. AB - This study examines the acute hemodynamic response to intravenous and oral milrinone in 12 patients with moderate to moderately severe heart failure. The patients received milrinone or placebo at random in an 8-week double-blind trial. Dosing level and schedule were determined by the hemodynamic results. Acute and chronic plasma samples for milrinone concentration were drawn from patients throughout the study. Milrinone was administered intravenously in successive doses of 25, 50, and 75 micrograms/kg. This resulted in a 16.5%, 12.5%, and 28.4% peak increase in cardiac index, with a concomitant 24%, 29%, and 38% decrease in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure. There were no significant relationships between any of the mean maximal hemodynamic values and milrinone plasma concentration. Six patients received milrinone and six patients received placebo; only five patients completed the blinded phase. There was no significant difference between the groups in exercise capacity, but the conditions of five of the six patients who received placebo deteriorated. In two of the patients who received milrinone the aerobic capacity improved greater than 2 cc/min/kg over baseline, and an additional two patients reported a marked subjective improvement. The results of this study indicate that oral milrinone in the management of patients with chronic cardiac failure would justify larger controlled studies. PMID- 3904374 TI - A 20-year review of ostium primum defect repair in children. AB - Between July, 1963, and July, 1983, a total of 69 patients (35 boys and 34 girls) underwent ostium primum defect repair. There were four perioperative deaths and four patients were subsequently lost to follow-up, leaving 61 children followed for 6 months to 20 years (mean 5 years). Results of surgery were assessed by cardiac catheterization in 17 of 61 patients, while the remaining patients were evaluated noninvasively. Postoperative mitral insufficiency was found to be absent in 19 patients, mild to trivial in 35, moderate in four, and severe in two. Four patients were found to have large residual atrial septal defects. Significant late postoperative arrhythmias were found in 14 of 61 patients. The types of arrhythmias included isolated complete atrioventricular block in 5 of 14, complete atrioventricular block with sinus node dysfunction in 2 of 14, and isolated sinus node dysfunction in 7 of 14. Pacemakers have been implanted in 8 of 14 of these patients. Based on this 20-year review of a large number of children: (1) ostium primum defect repair is associated with a low mortality rate, (2) residual mitral insufficiency although common is usually mild to trivial and nonprogressive, and (3) significant arrhythmias are a frequent complication and often require pacemaker implantation. PMID- 3904375 TI - Diagnosis of discrete subaortic stenosis by pulsed and continuous wave echocardiography. PMID- 3904376 TI - A natural human model of intrinsic heart nervous system denervation: Chagas' cardiopathy. PMID- 3904377 TI - Primary prevention of coronary heart disease by lowering lipids: results and implications. AB - Evidence to support the hypothesis that lowering total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol may reduce heart attacks and heart deaths has, until recently, not been available. Early primary prevention trials lacked definitive data on these "hard" end points. Since 1980, five primary prevention trials have attempted to demonstrate the benefit of lowering cholesterol. Three of these involved diet: the Oslo Heart Trial and both the European and American Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trials (MRFITs). Two involved lipid-lowering drugs: the European Clofibrate Primary Prevention Trial and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's recently concluded Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial (LRC-CPPT). The Olso Heart Trial suggested a benefit from the dietary reduction of cholesterol; results of the other studies of diet were equivocal. Although clofibrate did demonstrate a reduced incidence of heart attacks in the treated group, the cardiac mortality rate was not altered in this group. A significant increase in the all-cause mortality rate (other than ischemic heart disease) observed in this trial in treated subjects makes clofibrate difficult to recommend. The LRC-CPPT study, involving cholestyramine, has provided conclusive evidence concerning the benefits of lowering cholesterol: significant reductions were observed in all cardiovascular end points measured, including the development of angina and positive exercise stress tests, referral for bypass surgery, and the hard primary study end point heart attack and heart attack death. PMID- 3904378 TI - Secondary prevention and lipid lowering: results and implications. AB - In a secondary prevention trial conducted by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, the effect of lipid lowering by drug intervention on the progression of existing coronary artery disease (CAD) was evaluated in type II hyperlipidemic patients. This first randomized, secondary prevention trial compared the effect of cholestyramine and diet with that of placebo and diet in 143 patients over a 5 year period. End points evaluated were progression or regression of CAD, as demonstrated by angiographic changes compared with baseline angiograms. The cholestyramine-treated group demonstrated a significant reduction in total cholesterol and in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) levels as compared with placebo, and an 8% increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL). A statistically significant result supporting the use of cholestyramine treatment was found in one category of CAD progression. PMID- 3904379 TI - Efficacy and safety of esmolol vs propranolol in the treatment of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias: a multicenter double-blind clinical trial. AB - The efficacy and safety of intravenous esmolol infusion was compared to that of intravenous propranolol injection in patients with supraventricular tachyarrhythmias (SVT) in a multicenter double-blind parallel study. A total of 127 patients were randomized to either the esmolol (n = 64) or propranolol (n = 63) group. Therapeutic response was achieved in 72% of esmolol and 69% of propranolol patients (p = NS). The average dose of esmolol in responders was 115 +/- 11 micrograms/kg/min. Therapeutic response was sustained in the 4-hour maintenance period in 67% of esmolol and 58% of propranolol patients (p = NS). Rate of conversion to normal sinus rhythm was similar in the two treatment groups. After discontinuation, rapid recovery from beta blockade (decrease in heart rate reduction) was observed in esmolol patients (within 10 minutes) compared to propranolol patients (no change in heart rate up to 4.3 hours). The principal adverse effect was hypotension, reported in 23 esmolol (asymptomatic in 19) and four propranolol (asymptomatic in three) patients. In the majority of esmolol patients, hypotension resolved quickly (within 30 minutes) after esmolol was discontinued. It was concluded that esmolol was comparable in efficacy and safety to propranolol in the treatment of patients with SVT. Unlike propranolol, because of the short half-life of esmolol, rapid control of beta blockade is possible with esmolol in clinical conditions when required. PMID- 3904380 TI - Mexiletine: double-blind comparison with procainamide in PVC suppression and open label sequential comparison with amiodarone in life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias. AB - The antiarrhythmic effects of mexiletine (n = 14) were compared to procainamide (n = 16) by a double-blind parallel protocol in 30 patients (group I) with frequent premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) (greater than 20/hr), and to amiodarone by an open-label sequential approach in 25 patients (mean left ventricular ejection fraction of 32.6 +/- 13.4%) with life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias (group II) resistant to two or more conventional agents. The predetermined end point of therapy in group I patients was met in 6 of 14 (43%) given mexiletine, with 7 (50%) requiring drug discontinuation for severe gastrointestinal or central nervous system side effects and only 3 of 16 patients (19%) given procainamide, with 5 (31%) developing limiting side effects. Increases in dose led to a higher efficacy rate for PVC suppression with a corresponding increase in side effects with mexiletine; with procainamide, the higher dose was not associated with greater PVC suppression. In group II patients, mexiletine was effective in 4 (16%), with one patient discontinuing the drug during long-term therapy; mexiletine was ineffective in 16 (64%) and early side effects developed in 5 (20%). Patients not responding to or not tolerating mexiletine were given amiodarone; 20 of 21 (95%) responded with arrhythmia control after the loading dose. During a mean follow-up period of 2 years, sudden death occurred in two patients, death from heart failure in two, and death from subarachnoid hemorrhage in one patient; 15 (75%) patients are alive and free of arrhythmia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3904381 TI - Pharmacists are being taxed twice by inequities of the reimbursement system. PMID- 3904382 TI - Effect of intracoronary thrombolytic therapy on exercise-induced ischemia after acute myocardial infarction. AB - Intracoronary streptokinase (SK) therapy increases vessel patency rate after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and thus may lead to a greater exercise-induced myocardial ischemia. This hypothesis was tested in 39 patients enrolled in an angiographically randomized trial of intracoronary SK (19 treated with SK and 20 control subjects); all patients underwent thallium-201 scintigraphy at rest before acute angiography, as well as at rest and during stress 5 to 6 weeks after AMI. The patients were classified into 2 groups based on the presence (n = 13) or absence (n = 26) of complete obstruction of the infarct-related coronary artery at the end of the acute angiography. Semiquantitative score of myocardial thallium uptake was expressed as percent of maximal defect score. Thallium defect score at rest between admission and 5 to 6 weeks' study decreased from 10 +/- 16% units in the control group and from 23 +/- 14% units in the SK group (p = 0.01). This decrease was related to opening of the infarct-related artery (opening 23 +/ 16% vs occlusion 5 +/- 10%). The change in exercise-induced defect score was significantly (p = 0.01) larger in patients in the SK group (11 +/- 6% units) than in those in the control group (5 +/- 7% units). The perfusion defect during exercise was larger (p = 0.006) in patients with incomplete obstruction or reperfusion (10 +/- 6% units) than in patients with complete obstruction (3 +/- 7%). This difference was independent of the number of diseased coronary vessels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3904383 TI - Analysis of factors affecting the variability of Fick versus indicator dilution measurements of cardiac output. AB - This study was performed to assess the relation between Fick and indicator dilution measurements of cardiac output (CO) in a large number of subjects and to evaluate this relation in patients with a low CO, a high CO, and left-sided cardiac regurgitation. In 808 patients (428 men, 380 women, mean age 50 +/- 11), CO was measured by Fick and either thermodilution (right atrium to pulmonary artery)(n = 252) or indocyanine green dye ("dye")(pulmonary artery to systemic artery)(n = 556) within 10 minutes of each other. There was excellent agreement between Fick and both thermodilution and dye. The difference between Fick and indicator dilution measurements was 9 +/- 9%; it was 10% or less in 67% and 20% or less in 91% of patients. The disparity between Fick and indicator dilution measurements was increased in patients with a low CO (less than 2 liters/min/m2)(n = 152) (difference 14 +/- 11%, p less than 0.001) and those with aortic or mitral regurgitation (n = 83) (difference 13 +/- 11%, p less than 0.001). In these groups, the disparity between Fick and thermodilution measurements was not exaggerated, but the disparity between Fick and dye measurements was greater. Thus, although there is excellent agreement between Fick and both thermodilution and dye measurements of CO, thermodilution is preferable to dye in patients with a low CO and those with aortic or mitral regurgitation. PMID- 3904384 TI - Norepinephrine infusions in congestive heart failure. PMID- 3904385 TI - Computerized tomography and ultrasound in the noninvasive evaluation of coarctation of the aorta. PMID- 3904386 TI - Evaluation by serial electrophysiologic studies of an abbreviated oral loading regimen of amiodarone. AB - Optimal loading and maintenance regimens for amiodarone are undefined. Serial electrophysiologic testing was used in 25 patients with ventricular tachycardia to assess the adequacy of a 1-week oral loading regimen at 1,200 mg/day, to modify maintenance dosing at the conclusion of loading, and to evaluate the appropriateness of maintenance dosing after 2 months of therapy. During the loading period, highly significant (p less than 0.001) increases occurred in the AH interval (88 +/- 22 vs 120 +/- 31 ms), HV interval (49 +/- 10 vs 61 +/- 11 ms), AV nodal Wenckebach cycle length (390 +/- 92 vs 537 +/- 147 ms), ventricular refractory period (247 +/- 17 vs 276 +/- 23 ms), mean ventricular tachycardia cycle length (254 +/- 38 vs 298 +/- 52 ms) and return cycle length (294 +/- 55 vs 360 +/- 87 ms). Ventricular tachycardia inducibility decreased in only a minority of cases, and when observed in association with a more than 10% increase in ventricular refractory period, resulted in a lower maintenance dose. After 2 months of maintenance therapy no additional change occurred in any of these parameters except for an increase in ventricular tachycardia cycle length (298 +/ 52 vs 330 +/- 65 ms, p less than 0.017). Ventricular tachycardia inducibility again showed no consistent response. It is concluded that patients can be discharged after 1 week of therapy with oral amiodarone loading at 1,200 mg/day and that maintenance dosing modified by electrophysiologic assessment results in steady perpetuation of the cardiac amiodarone effect, as indicated by the time course of change in electrophysiologic variables consistently affected. PMID- 3904387 TI - Electropharmacologic testing in sustained ventricular tachycardia associated with coronary heart disease: value of the response to intravenous procainamide in predicting the response to oral procainamide and oral quinidine treatment. AB - Twenty patients with inducible, sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) were prospectively evaluated to determine whether the response to intravenous procainamide administration, as assessed by programmed ventricular stimulation, predicted the response to oral procainamide and oral quinidine treatment. Six patients (30%) responded to intravenous procainamide (fewer than 10 beats of inducible VT). Ten of 20 patients (50%) responded to oral quinidine and 5 (25%) responded to oral procainamide. Mean drug serum levels were 11.3 +/- 2.1 micrograms/ml for intravenous procainamide, 5.4 +/- 0.8 micrograms/ml for oral quinidine and 11.7 +/- 3.4 micrograms/ml for oral procainamide. There was no significant difference in serum levels between those who responded and those who did not. Fifteen patients (75%) had a concordant drug response for intravenous and oral procainamide. Ten patients (50%) had a concordant response for intravenous procainamide and oral quinidine. Fifteen patients (75%) had a concordant drug response for oral procainamide and oral quinidine. Thus, in patients with sustained VT, the response to intravenous procainamide does not reliably predict the response to oral quinidine or oral procainamide, and serial day drug testing with these agents is necessary. Furthermore, high-dose quinidine therapy may be more effective in controlling VT in these patients than procainamide. PMID- 3904388 TI - Acute effects of digoxin on total systemic vascular resistance in congestive heart failure due to dilated cardiomyopathy: a hemodynamic-hormonal study. AB - The effects of the digitalis glycosides on systemic vascular resistance (SVR) in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) are controversial. Most investigators report a reduction in total SVR, an action that has been attributed primarily to withdrawal of elevated sympathetic tone. Direct proof of this hypothesis is lacking, however, and the roles played by the renin-angiotensin aldosterone and vasopressin systems have not been fully explored. Moreover, in several studies of patients with CHF, SVR did not decrease after the administration of digitalis. To clarify these issues, the hemodynamic and hormonal effects of digoxin were correlated in 11 normotensive men in sinus rhythm with CHF due to dilated cardiomyopathy. Patients were evaluated at rest and during submaximal exercise before and 6 hours after the intravenous infusion of 1.0 mg of digoxin (mean serum concentration 1.7 ng/ml). With digoxin therapy, heart rate, pulmonary wedge pressure and right atrial pressure declined and cardiac output increased. Although vasopressin was unchanged, both plasma norepinephrine concentrations and plasma renin activity decreased, the reduction in norepinephrine correlating with the increase in cardiac output. Despite these hemodynamic and hormonal effects, there was no change in total SVR at rest or during exercise. It is concluded that the improvement in cardiac function with digoxin in this patient group was a result of the inotropic properties of the drug, without an associated reduction in impedance. The failure of total SVR to decrease despite decreases in plasma norepinephrine levels and plasma renin activity might be explained by concomitant digitalis-induced vasoconstriction, impaired ability of arterioles to dilate in CHF, or offsetting alterations in other vasoactive hormone systems. PMID- 3904389 TI - Metoprolol in acute myocardial infarction. Mortality. The MIAMI Trial Research Group. AB - After 15 days there were 142 deaths in the placebo group (4.9%) and 123 deaths in the metoprolol group (4.3%), a difference of 13% (p = 0.29). The 95% confidence limits for the relative effect of metoprolol ranged from an 8% excess (-8%) to a 33% reduction (+33%) in mortality. There was generally a lower mortality rate for metoprolol-treated patients in most subgroups and a consistent tendency for a more pronounced difference between the treatment groups in those subgroups with a placebo mortality rate higher than the average for all placebo patients. Most deaths were cardiac and occurred among patients who developed a definite myocardial infarction (97%) and most of these had a Q-wave infarction (83%). Using a simple model, the placebo mortality was found to increase with increasing number of 8 risk predictors defined from prestudy experience, from 0% in patients with no risk predictors to 11.6% in patients with any 5 or more of these risk factors. Similarly, there was an increase in the difference between the treatment groups in favor of metoprolol with increasing number of placebo risk factors. Metoprolol had no apparent effect in a low-mortality risk group (less than or equal to 2 risk factors), but there was a difference in mortality of 29% in favor of metoprolol in a high-risk group (greater than or equal to 3 risk factors) comprising one-third of the trial population.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3904390 TI - Metoprolol in acute myocardial infarction. Development of myocardial infarction. The MIAMI Trial Research Group. AB - The effect of metoprolol on the development of an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) during days 0 to 3 and on late first and recurrent infarctions during days 4 to 15 has been investigated. Signs on electrocardiogram (ECG) were well balanced between the treatment groups at entry; 70% of patients had signs of suspected AMI and 19% of patients had normal ECGs. The remaining patients had abnormal ECGs but actual infarction could not be localized. The localization of suspected AMI was equivalently distributed in the 2 groups before randomization. Metoprolol altered the distribution of patients diagnosed during days 0 to 3 as having definite, possible or no AMI (p less than 0.02). In the placebo group, there were more patients with definite AMI (72.5% vs 70.5%) and less with possible AMI (5.6% vs 7.4) than in the metoprolol group. A larger proportion of patients developed a Q-wave infarction during days 0 to 3 in the placebo group (53.9%) compared with the metoprolol group (50.9%, p = 0.024). No difference in the effect of metoprolol regarding localization of the early AMI was observed. Late first myocardial infarction development (days 4 to 15) was observed in 20 patients (0.7%) in each group. Recurrent myocardial infarction tended to develop more frequently during days 4 to 15 in the placebo group compared with the metoprolol group (3.9% vs 3.0%, p = 0.08).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3904391 TI - Metoprolol in acute myocardial infarction. Enzymatic estimation of infarct size. The MIAMI Trial Research Group. AB - The maximum serum activity for aspartate aminotransferase (s-ASAT) during the first 3 days was recorded in 5,507 patients with suspected or definite acute myocardial infarction. The s-ASAT activity was corrected for the normal range from each center. The median s-ASAT activity was 4.9 arbitrary units in the placebo group versus 4.6 arbitrary units in the metoprolol group (p = 0.072). Univariate analyses indicated that the delay time between onset of symptoms and randomization and sympathetic activity at entry significantly influenced the effect of metoprolol. A similar decrease in serum enzyme activity after metoprolol treatment was observed independent of signs of infarct localization on the entry electrocardiogram. PMID- 3904392 TI - Metoprolol in acute myocardial infarction. Arrhythmias. The MIAMI Trial Research Group. AB - Forty-five patients in the placebo (1.5%) and 29 in the metoprolol (1%) groups, respectively, were receiving antiarrhythmic drugs on a long-term basis before entry into the trial. Before randomization, 2.2% (n = 64) of the placebo and 1.7% (n = 50) of the metoprolol patients developed ventricular fibrillation (VF) in the hospital. The corresponding figures for atrial fibrillation or flutter were 3% (n = 87) and 3.3% (n = 94). After randomization, there was no significant difference in the number of patients who developed VF in the placebo (n = 52) and the metoprolol (n = 48) groups. The total number of episodes of VF tended to be fewer in the metoprolol group (n = 67) compared with the placebo group (n = 96). The tendency was, however, not apparent until after 5 days. When the occurrence of VF was related to high- and low-mortality risk groups, any beneficial effect of metoprolol was confined mainly to the high-risk group. A similar proportion of patients underwent electric conversion for ventricular tachyarrhythmia in the 2 groups. Although antiarrhythmic drugs were intended to be given only for major ventricular tachyarrhythmias a large proportion of patients received such treatment. Significantly more patients were treated with antiarrhythmics in the placebo (21.5%) than in the metoprolol group (19.2%, p = 0.03) during the study period, but predominantly during the first 5 days. Atrial fibrillation or flutter and other supraventricular tachyarrhythmias were significantly less frequent in the metoprolol than in the placebo group, as was the use of cardiac glycosides.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3904393 TI - Metoprolol in acute myocardial infarction. Other clinical findings and tolerability. The MIAMI Trial Research Group. AB - Fifteen minutes after injection there was a fall in mean heart rate (18%, p less than 0.001), systolic blood pressure (10%, p less than 0.001) and rate-pressure product (27%, p less than 0.0001) in the metoprolol group of patients in the MIAMI trial. Hypotension and bradycardia not necessarily associated with withdrawal of drug were more common in the metoprolol group (p less than 0.001). Atrioventricular block I was more common in the metoprolol group (p less than 0.03), whereas no such difference was observed for atrioventricular block II and III, asystole or pacemaker implantations. Left ventricular failure was observed no more often in the metoprolol group. The occurrence of cardiogenic shock also did not differ between the groups. Cardiac glycosides were used more in the placebo group, but diuretic and furosemide usage did not differ. For all patients mean furosemide doses and number of diuretic injections were similar in both treatment groups. Atropine (4.1 vs 6.4%) and sympathomimetic (3.2 vs 4.6%) agents were used more often in the metoprolol group during days 0 to 5 (p less than 0.05). The trial medication was withdrawn temporarily more often in the metoprolol than in the placebo group (p less than 0.001). However, permanent withdrawal of trial medication occurred with a similar frequency overall in both groups. More patients were withdrawn from the study because of cardiovascular reasons in the metoprolol group (9%) than in the placebo group (5%, p less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3904394 TI - Hemodynamic effects of metoprolol in acute myocardial infarction. A randomized, placebo-controlled multicenter study. AB - The central hemodynamic effects of metoprolol in acute myocardial infarction have been studied in a multicenter, double-blind, randomized trial. One hundred and ninety patients with acute myocardial infarction not previously on beta blockers with heart rate greater than 65 beats/min and blood pressure greater than 105 mm Hg and without clinical signs of serious heart failure were included. After insertion of a pulmonary artery catheter, patients were randomized to metoprolol, 15 mg intravenously, and 50 mg 4 times a day orally (n = 95) or placebo (n = 95) with a mean delay of 7.2 hours. Hemodynamic measurements were made at baseline and repeatedly during 24 hours. Heart rate, systolic blood pressure and cardiac index were all immediately reduced by 10 to 20% in the metoprolol group and the difference compared with placebo was maintained throughout the 24 hours (p less than 0.001). Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) in the metoprolol group increased from 13.7 +/- 6.7 to a peak of 15.5 +/- 5.5 mm Hg 30 minutes after injection. The difference compared with placebo was maintained for 8 hours (p less than 0.01). This increase was seen only in the patient group with initial PCWP below the median of 13 mm Hg. In patients with initial PCWP above the median a continuous decrease was observed in both the placebo and metoprolol groups. Thus high initial PCWP was not associated with intolerance to metoprolol. Based on hemodynamic measurements tolerance to metoprolol was good. PMID- 3904395 TI - Effect of proximal transposition of the ileum on mucosal growth and enzyme activity in orally nourished rats. AB - To determine whether exposure to proximal intestinal contents per se is an adequate stimulus for ileal adaptation of the magnitude seen after jejunectomy, rats were prepared by transposing 30 cm of distal ileum to the duodenojejunal junction or by sham operation. One month after surgery, mucosal mass (wet weight, protein content, and DNA content) and digestive enzyme activities were measured in segments of small intestine and compared between the groups. Measurements of mucosal mass in transposed ileum more than doubled those in control jejunum (p less than 0.001). Mean enzyme activities/cm bowel length in transposed ileum approached or surpassed measurements in control jejunum. In contrast to the other enzymes studied, mean sucrase specific activities were similar in transposed ileum and control jejunum, values fivefold greater than that of control ileum (p less than 0.002). We conclude that exposure of ileum to proximal intestinal contents reproduces the adaptive response that follows jejunectomy, without requiring short bowel. Sucrase responds to this exposure in a unique fashion. PMID- 3904396 TI - Insulin: its relationship to the central nervous system and to the control of food intake and body weight. AB - This article describes the close relationship among the hormone insulin, the central nervous system, and the regulation of food intake and body adiposity. The initial section documents the control of insulin output from the pancreas by the central nervous system, and a later section describes the relationship of insulin levels in the blood to the degree of adiposity. Another section documents the ability of insulin to gain access to the brain and to elicit responses there. Finally, the behavioral effects of insulin added to the brain, and especially its ability to reduce food intake and body weight, is discussed. The implications to obesity are stressed throughout. PMID- 3904397 TI - Relationship of fat metabolism to food intake. AB - A model for the role of body fat stores in the control of food intake is outlined. It is proposed that changes in the storage and mobilization of fuels into and from adipose tissue affect food intake indirectly by altering the supply of utilizable metabolic fuels. Experiments are reviewed in which this hypothesis is tested by an examination of the hypophagia that occurs following termination of obesity-producing injections of insulin. The results indicate that whereas excess mobilization of fat from adipose tissue does not entirely account for postinsulin hypophagia, changes in hepatic liquid metabolism may be a factor. It is proposed that the satiating effects of fat from either endogenous or exogenous sources may depend on the degree to which lipids are oxidized. PMID- 3904398 TI - Prospective randomized trial in advanced malignant melanoma with cis-platinum, vindesine, and etoposide vs. cis-platinum, vindesine, and lomustine. AB - Thirty-seven consecutive patients with disseminated malignant melanoma and previously untreated with chemotherapy were randomly allocated to receive vindesine, cis-platinum, and etoposide (Regimen A) or vindesine, cis-platinum, and lomustine (Regimen B). In 31 evaluable patients, Regimen A induced an overall response rate of 31% and a complete response rate of 6%; with Regimen B the corresponding findings were 20% and 20%, respectively. The median duration of complete response was 12 months with both regimens and the comparative median total survivals were 8 and 6 months, respectively. In no case was toxicity so severe to require treatment discontinuation, and the major dose-limiting side effect was myelosuppression, especially in the patients treated with Regimen B. Present results confirm once more the limited activity of drugs and regimens presently utilized in the treatment of advanced malignant melanoma. PMID- 3904399 TI - Optimal schedule for 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy. Intermittent bolus or continuous infusion? AB - 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) remains the standard chemotherapy for gastrointestinal cancer, particularly colorectal cancer, with response rates of 8% to 33% and median survivals of 24 to 44 weeks. The schedule of delivery for 5-FU has been addressed in a number of clinical trials over the past two decades, but the optimal schedule based upon more recent studies is not clear. The prospective comparative trial by Ansfield et al., investigated bolus delivery in four schedules and the daily X 5 loading regimen was superior to the less intensive regimens. However, two randomized trials of bolus 5-day vs. continuous 5-day infusions have indicated that the infusion schedule is superior: in colorectal cancer, the study by Seifert et al. demonstrated a response rate of 42% for infusion vs. 21% for bolus; and in head and neck cancers 5-FU administered in conjunction with cisplatin achieved a response rate of 76% for infusion vs. 20% for bolus delivery. Further support for the superiority of the infusion schedule is provided by the comparative trials of hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) and systemic venous infusion, in which response rates are equivalent regardless of the route of delivery. In order to definitively establish an improved therapeutic effect for the infusion schedule, additional prospective trials comparing standard bolus schedules to infusion schedules are necessary, and should address other issues, such as the optimal duration of infusion and relative cost effectiveness. PMID- 3904400 TI - Lymphomatoid papulosis. Characterization of skin infiltrates by monoclonal antibodies. AB - Cryostat sections from fully developed papular lesions of lymphomatoid papulosis (histologic subtype A or B) have been examined by immunoenzymatic staining with 24 monoclonal antibodies against lymphoid cells and their subsets. The lesions demonstrated essentially identical cellular compositions and consisted of T lymphocytes with a peripheral phenotype (Lyt3+, anti-Leu-4+, OKT6-), macrophages (HLA-DR+, EB11+, OKM1+), and Langerhans cells (HLA-DR+, OKT6+). T-helper/inducer cells (anti-Leu-3+) usually dominated over T-suppressor/cytotoxic cells (anti-Leu 2+). In all cases, proportions of the infiltrating T-cells expressed markers associated with activation (HLA-DR, the OKT1O antigen, interleukin-2 receptor) or proliferation (transferrin receptor, the Ki-67 antigen) of lymphoid cells. Furthermore, the infiltrates contained clusters and/or sheets of large cells reactive with antibodies (Ki-1, Ki-24, Ki-27), which recognize Hodgkin's and Reed Sternberg cells. These data indicate an origin of the cellular infiltrate from transformed or activated lymphoid cells and suggest an interrelationship of lymphomatoid papulosis to Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 3904401 TI - Adrenal pathology in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. AB - Adrenal pathology was examined in 41 autopsied patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. This represents the largest series and the first study with quantitation of adrenal cortical necrosis. In 32 cases clinical data were analyzed for features of adrenal insufficiency. Common clinical findings included vomiting, diarrhea, fever, hypotension, and hyponatremia. None of the 32 patients showed characteristic skin hyperpigmentation. Two patients were suspected premortem to have adrenal insufficiency. In one of these patients, adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) stimulation resulted in an adequate rise in plasma cortisol values. In the other patient, the baseline plasma cortisol value was elevated and failed to rise significantly after ACTH stimulation. Pathologic findings included widespread lipid depletion, infection by cryptococcus, and acid fast organisms consistent with Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare, involvement by Kaposi's sarcoma, and necrotizing adrenalitis due to cytomegalovirus (CMV). A point-counting method was used to quantitate adrenal cortical and medullary necrosis. Necrosis due to CMV was greater in the medulla than the cortex. The maximum amount of adrenal cortical necrosis in any case was 70%. The degree of cortical necrosis was less than that usually associated with adrenal insufficiency. PMID- 3904402 TI - Hoigne's syndrome. PMID- 3904404 TI - Laboratory detection of marijuana use. Experience with a photometric immunoassay to measure urinary cannabinoids. AB - The urinary excretion of cannabinoids was determined using a photometric immunoassay technique among adolescents and young adults who had an abrupt and closely supervised cessation of drug use on entering a strict rehabilitation program. No falsely positive urine test results were encountered among 70 persons admitted consecutively to the program. Among five subjects with a history of chronic, heavy marijuana use (approximately 56 g/mo [approximately 2 oz/mo]), urinary cannabinoids were detected for an average of 13 days (range, nine to 25 days), following cessation of use. Among four subjects with a history of moderate marijuana use (approximately 28 g/mo [approximately 1 oz/mo]), test results remained positive for an average of 4.7 days (range, two to eight days). Test results were negative 48 hours after cessation in two subjects with a history of infrequent use (less than 7 g/mo [0.25 oz/mo]), who had smoked marijuana within the preceding two days. The specificity of the method for detecting recent marijuana use appears excellent; the sensitivity depends on the potency of the cannabis preparation, the time of last use, the frequency of previous use, and the specific gravity of the urine specimen. On the basis of this preliminary experience, positive test results for more than eight consecutive days suggest either surreptitious continued use or previous chronic, heavy use in a newly abstinent person. Purposeful adulteration of known-positive urine specimens with bleach, blood, vinegar, salt, and liquid soap produced falsely negative results. Unless samples are collected under direct observation, urine color, temperature, specific gravity, and dipstick tests for blood and pH should be recorded. PMID- 3904403 TI - Gentamicin vs cefotaxime for therapy of neonatal sepsis. Relationship to drug resistance. AB - An outbreak of serious infections due to gentamicin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae occurred in a neonatal intensive care unit in which the combination of gentamicin sulfate and ampicillin sodium had been used for standard initial therapy for suspected sepsis for nearly 11 years. After institution of control measures that included the substitution of cefotaxime sodium for gentamicin in the standard regimen, the outbreak promptly subsided. Nevertheless, a second outbreak of serious infections due to cefotaxime-resistant Enterobacter cloacae began ten weeks later. Sequential stool cultures from patients in the unit confirmed the disappearance of gentamicin-resistant K pneumoniae and the emergence of cefotaxime-resistant E cloacae after the change in antibiotic policy. These observations suggest that routine use of newer cephalosporins for therapy of suspected sepsis may lead to the emergence of drug-resistant microorganisms more rapidly than has occurred with the aminoglycosides. PMID- 3904405 TI - Decreased iron stores in high school female runners. PMID- 3904406 TI - Imipenem/cilastatin for the treatment of infections in hospitalized children. AB - Imipenem is the first of a new class of beta-lactam antimicrobial agents with potent in vitro activity against most bacterial pathogens that cause infections in children. We studied, prospectively, the clinical efficacy and toxicity of imipenem/cilastatin in 40 children with proved or suspected bacterial infection. A dose of 100 mg/kg/day of imipenem was given to children younger than 3 years of age, while children older than 3 years of age received 60 mg/kg/day. Twenty-nine organisms were isolated from 26 patients. Infections treated included cellulitis, osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, lymphadenitis, renal infections, wound infections, and pneumonia. Bacteria isolated included Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Haemophilus influenzae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. All patients responded favorably to treatment, with defervescence and improvement of symptoms. All of the infecting bacteria were susceptible to imipenem. Imipenem/cilastatin was well tolerated, with no serious side effects, and appeared to be an effective and safe antimicrobial agent in the treatment of the population studied. PMID- 3904407 TI - Renal function and somatic growth in pediatric cadaveric renal transplantation with cyclosporine-prednisone immunosuppression. AB - The posttransplantation courses of 28 consecutive patients (age range, 0.8 to 16 years) who received cadaveric renal allografts and combined cyclosporine-low-dose prednisone immunosuppression were analyzed. The mean follow-up time was 16.5 months (range, four to 42 months). There was one death and the actuarial one-year graft survival was 59%. At follow-up, the group mean (+/- SD) serum creatinine concentration in 14 patients with functioning grafts was nearly double the expected mean value for normal children of similar age and sex (1.13 +/- 0.38 vs 0.61 +/- 0.07 mg/dL), and the mean +/- SD glomerular filtration rate was 76.5 +/- 20.0 mL/min/1.73 sq m (range, 40 to 115.5 mL/min/1.73 sq m). Although rejection accounted for 11 (79%) of 14 graft losses, failure of immunosuppression could be implicated in only four of these patients. Among eight preadolescent patients with good renal function for one year posttransplantation, somatic growth was poor in four and suboptimal in three patients; catch-up growth occurred in one patient. In such patients, the weight-for-height index increased, reflecting the development of obesity after transplantation. We conclude that cyclosporin-low dose prednisone offers little or no advantage in terms of cadaveric renal allograft survival or stimulation of somatic growth when compared with conventional therapy. PMID- 3904408 TI - Advances in the treatment of sickle cell disease in children. AB - Support from the national sickle cell disease program in the United States is resulting in significant advances in health care. Ten regional comprehensive sickle cell centers provide a variety of management strategies. An example is the inauguration of neonatal diagnosis for sickle hemoglobinopathies, with parental education and the utilization of special follow-up clinics for affected infants. The administration of prophylactic antibiotics and improved vaccines for control of life-threatening infection is enhancing survival in infants and children. A number of antisickling agents are under preliminary clinical investigation in adult patients. Bone marrow transplantation represents another potential method for management of selected types of sickle cell disease. The results of a national cooperative study on the clinical course of the disease, which was inaugurated in 1978, is providing new information that will be helpful to clinicians and health planners. The federally funded sickle cell centers have effectively utilized interdisciplinary personnel to provide comprehensive medical care, psychosocial support, and patient education. These centers serve as models or bridges whereby the fruits of research activity can be more readily applied to the care of patients. This comprehensive approach, no doubt, can contribute to improvement in the survival of and quality of life for patients. There is, however, a need to continue national support for research efforts to attain a definitive cure for this serious, painful, and disabling illness, which affects about 50,000 people in the United States and many more in other countries. Currently, many families of affected patients are unable to cope personally with socioeconomic problems imposed by the long-term nature of this illness, insufficient income, inadequate insurance coverage, and escalating costs of health care. Clearly, there is a need for additional state and/or federal programs to provide supplements for the medical expenses incurred by persons with long-term handicapping diseases of genetic origin. PMID- 3904409 TI - Imaging of psoas muscle abscess in adolescents with Crohn's disease. AB - Two adolescents with psoas muscle abscesses secondary to Crohn's disease are presented. Musculoskeletal signs of hip flexion and scoliosis led to early clinical suspicion. Computed tomography and ultrasonography demonstrated the extent of involvement and allowed specific preoperative diagnosis. PMID- 3904410 TI - Comparison of clinician ratings to self reports of withdrawal during clonidine detoxification of opiate addicts. AB - Opiate withdrawal symptom ratings by trained clinicians were compared to self reports of withdrawal discomfort during an outpatient, blinded, randomized clinical trial of clonidine detoxification for methadone maintained subjects. The randomized comparison group of subjects were detoxified using a slow tapering of methadone over 1 month. For all 39 subjects in this study the observer and self ratings were substantially correlated (r = .75), but moderate levels of disagreement also occurred and the observer ratings were often lower. The difference in actual withdrawal scores and amount of shared variance between the observer and self-ratings were used as indices of disagreement for each individual subject. We found that detoxification failures had significantly less interrater agreement than the successes and that subjects who reported more distress than the observers noted were more likely to fail at detoxification. Subjects being detoxified using clonidine were more likely to fail at detoxification. Subjects being detoxified using clonidine were more likely to demonstrate this association between failure and disagreement on self versus observed withdrawal than were the methadone group. We concluded that self-reports are as important as observer ratings in assessing treatment efficacy and in the clinical use of clonidine for outpatient detoxification. PMID- 3904411 TI - The outcome of group psychotherapy alcoholics: an empirical review. PMID- 3904412 TI - Alcoholics Anonymous and the family: a systemic perspective. AB - This paper is an attempt to utilize a cybernetic paradigm for understanding addictive drinking by those individuals defined as alcoholics. Their behavior is anomalous because it is so self-destructive and concurrently often produces a dysphoria that exacerbates the experiential state that is said to be its cause. A cybernetic perspective is illustrated by a description of two social systems: alcoholics and their families, and as members of Alcoholics Anonymous. For some alcoholics, alcoholism can be perceived as the "solution" to the paradoxical psychosocial context within which they find themselves, to which their addictive drinking is an adaptive response, and Alcoholics Anonymous a better "solution." PMID- 3904413 TI - Survival and expectation of life from the 1400's to the present. A study of the Knighthood Order of the Golden Fleece. AB - The author used standard methods for the analysis of retrospective cohort studies, to investigate survival and life expectancy at age 25 years and older in 1,282 European noblemen who had been members of the Knighthood Order of the Golden Fleece between its foundation in 1430 and the early 1960's. This experience was compared with figures published for British peerage families since the 1600's and with Dutch population figures of the 1980's. For all ages, there was a gradual increase in survival and life expectancy from the 1700's onward, continuing until the present. PMID- 3904414 TI - Genetic and maternal influences on susceptibility to seizures. An analytic review. PMID- 3904415 TI - Randomized vs. historical clinical trials. Are the benefits worth the cost? PMID- 3904416 TI - In vitro generation of procoagulant activity by leukemic promyelocytes in response to cytotoxic drugs. AB - Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a frequent occurrence in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), especially after onset of chemotherapy. We have used a human promyelocytic leukemic established cell line (HL-60) and various other human leukemic cells to investigate the effect of cytotoxic drugs on generation of procoagulant activity (PCA). The results indicate that, unlike normal human peripheral blood monocytes and certain other cell types where PCA induction requires active mRNA and protein synthesis, in HL-60 cells, compounds such as actinomycin D, puromycin, and cytosine arabinoside and a variety of other cytotoxic agents, induced generation of a potent PCA. Although different in its mechanism of induction, this HL-60 cell PCA was similar, and may be identical, to mononuclear cell tissue factor. The PCA induction was rapid and preceded the lytic effect of the drugs. It was first detected on the outer cell surface but, following prolonged exposure to the drugs, upon lysis of the cells, it was also found in the extracellular medium. This in vitro effect mimics the development of DIC in patients with APL. The system may, therefore, serve as a model for the study of the cellular and molecular events associated with PCA generation by malignant promyelocytes and DIC occurrence in patients with APL and other malignancies. PMID- 3904418 TI - Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy. PMID- 3904417 TI - Immunofluorescent plasma cell labeling indices (LI) using a monoclonal antibody (BU-1). AB - Tritiated thymidine labeling indices (LI), although useful in diagnosis and prognosis of multiple myeloma, have not found wide-spread application because autoradiographic analysis is difficult and time consuming. Using a monoclonal antibody (BU-1) reactive with 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdUrd), we have developed an immunofluorescent procedure that allows DNA S-phase measurements to be determined in 4 hr. Plasma cells are easily identified by reactivity with a fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated antihuman immunoglobulin, and cells in DNA S phase are detected via BU-1 and a rhodamine-conjugated antimouse immunoglobulin. Results using this method on 12 patients with multiple myeloma compare favorably (correlation coefficient 0.84), with those obtained by tritiated thymidine. This immunofluorescent slide method will facilitate application of labeling indices as a clinical test to measure disease activity in patients with multiple myeloma and other hematologic neoplasms. PMID- 3904419 TI - Aluminum: analytical considerations. PMID- 3904420 TI - Aluminum kinetics during renal replacement therapies. PMID- 3904421 TI - Gastrointestinal absorption of aluminum. PMID- 3904422 TI - The case for parathyroid hormone. PMID- 3904423 TI - Aluminum in human dementia. PMID- 3904424 TI - Aluminum and the pathogenesis of dialysis encephalopathy. PMID- 3904425 TI - Bone disease and aluminum: pathogenic considerations. AB - Reductions in the formation of new bone matrix are a consistent finding in both clinical and experimental studies of aluminum-associated bone disease. This adverse effect of aluminum on collagen synthesis may be mediated through reductions in either the number or the cellular activity of osteoblasts. However, diminished matrix synthesis can be dissociated from histologic evidence of defective mineralization during aluminum loading. Thus, the toxicity of aluminum on bone is probably comprised of two components, one affecting collagen synthesis and the other affecting matrix mineralization. Adynamic bone may represent the histologic consequence of primary reductions in the formation of osteoid in the absence of defective matrix calcification. In contrast, concurrent disturbances in both matrix synthesis and calcification may account for the lesion of aluminum associated osteomalacia. Although consistent with current clinical and experimental observations, confirmation of this hypothesis will require more careful longitudinal studies of bone growth and bone histology during aluminum loading. PMID- 3904426 TI - Aluminum: toxin or innocent bystander in renal osteodystrophy. PMID- 3904427 TI - Aluminum-induced anemia. AB - Although many questions still remain unanswered, it is clear that aluminum causes a microcytic hypoproliferative anemia and is one factor responsible for worsening anemia in patients with end-stage renal disease. Time course studies in a rat model have shown that the anemia is preceded by microcytosis; this has not yet been examined in man. The exact mechanism of aluminum-induced anemia is unknown, however it appears to involve inhibition of heme synthesis, either by inhibition of enzyme activity or interference with iron incorporation or utilization. The interrelationship between aluminum and iron, zinc, lead, or other metals in this anemia is also unknown, as are the effects of aluminum on erythroid colony forming units. The role of parathyroid hormone on aluminum-induced anemia has not been examined. Presently treatment of aluminum-induced anemia involves removal of the source of the aluminum, although recent studies with desferrioxamine show promise. It is unclear, however, exactly how desferrioxamine improves this anemia. It is clear, however, that aluminum in the dialysate can cause clinical problems including anemia, and that these problems can be substantially reduced if not eliminated by water treatment. PMID- 3904428 TI - Aluminum interaction with biomolecules: the molecular basis for aluminum toxicity. PMID- 3904429 TI - Deferoxamine and aluminum removal. PMID- 3904431 TI - Access to health care. PMID- 3904430 TI - Aluminum and phosphate: the double bind. PMID- 3904432 TI - Review of sulfite sensitivity. AB - The occurrence of sulfites in foods, drug products, and the environment; the characteristics of sulfite-sensitivity reactions; and the management of sulfite sensitive individuals are reviewed. Sulfites are used in foods, beverages, and pharmaceuticals for their antioxidant properties; they are frequently used in restaurant foods to keep vegetables and fruits looking fresh. Beer, wine, and dried, canned, or frozen fruits often contain sulfites, and seafood and fried potatoes are often prepared with these agents. Sulfites are also present as pollutants in the atmosphere. The incidence of sulfite sensitivity is unknown, but the condition is being recognized with increasing frequency. Bronchospasm is sometimes induced by sulfites in sensitive individuals, and anaphylaxis and death have been reported. Immediate or delayed reactions may occur. The mechanism of toxicity is unknown but is thought to be sulfite-induced stimulation of the afferent limb of the cholinergic reflex. Clinical management is based on avoiding strenuous exercise on days when atmospheric pollution is high and on avoiding foods and drug products containing sulfites. Treatment of sulfite-sensitivity reactions is usually supportive; subcutaneous epinephrine has been effective in some patients. Several drugs have been used investigationally to prevent sulfite sensitivity reactions. However, few data are available to evaluate their efficacy. Sulfites may induce bronchospasm and anaphylaxis in sensitive individuals. These people should avoid foods and drug products containing sulfites. PMID- 3904433 TI - Long-term studies of isoxicam in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Three multicenter studies evaluating the long-term efficacy of isoxicam (Maxicam) were conducted in 745 patients with active classic or definite rheumatoid arthritis. Initially, all patients in the one-year open-label phase received isoxicam, 200 to 400 mg per day. Dosage was then reduced to 200 mg a day for all patients. Objective and subjective parameters for efficacy included the number of tender joints, number of swollen joints, grip strength, duration of morning stiffness, time to walk 50 feet, overall assessment of the patient's condition, and global assessment of change in the patient's condition since the beginning of isoxicam therapy. All parameters of efficacy showed improvement. Patients who had received aspirin or placebo in the double-blind phase experienced marked and progressive improvement while receiving open-label isoxicam. Those who had received isoxicam continued to improve. The mean erythrocyte sedimentation rates showed significant decreases (p less than 0.0005) after one year of isoxicam therapy in all three studies. The results of these studies confirm that isoxicam is clinically effective in the long-term treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 3904434 TI - Six-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled and long-term, open-label multicenter study of isoxicam in treatment of degenerative joint disease. AB - A new nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, isoxicam (Maxicam), was studied in patients with degenerative joint disease of the knee or hip. During a six-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase involving 176 patients, isoxicam at a dosage of 200 mg once daily was significantly superior to placebo in parameters (knee) of night pain, pain on walking, starting pain, pain on motion, swelling, tenderness, maximal extension, maximal flexion, and limitation of range of motion, and in the parameter (hip) of pain on walking. In patients with knee involvement and those with hip involvement, isoxicam was superior to placebo in overall and global assessments of its efficacy by physicians and patients. When 165 patients continued in a long-term, open-label phase and received isoxicam, a further alleviation of symptoms was noted in those patients who had received isoxicam in the double-blind phase, and a marked and sustained improvement was seen in patients who had received placebo in the double-blind phase. PMID- 3904435 TI - European double-blind multicenter study comparing isoxicam and indomethacin in treatment of degenerative joint disease. AB - A three-month, double-blind, indomethacin-controlled, European multicenter study of isoxicam (Maxicam), a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, was conducted in 365 patients who had degenerative joint disease of the knee or hip. Patients were randomly assigned to receive one of two treatments: isoxicam, 133 mg per day (Week 1), 166 mg per day (Week 2), and 200 mg per day (Weeks 3 to 12); or indomethacin, 100 mg per day (Week 1), 125 mg per day (Week 2), and 150 mg per day (Weeks 3 to 12). Efficacy measurements included, for patients with knee or hip involvement, intensity of starting pain on motion, pain on walking, night pain, overall assessment by physician and patient, and global assessment at the end of treatment; maximal extension and flexion (knee); extent of pain-free abduction and maximal abduction (hip). The results of the efficacy measurements favor isoxicam over indomethacin, although the differences are not statistically significant. The isoxicam group had significantly fewer adverse reactions than the indomethacin group. PMID- 3904436 TI - Evaluation of the safety of isoxicam. AB - Data collected from more than 1,800 patients with rheumatoid arthritis or degenerative joint disease in Phase 3 clinical studies of isoxicam (Maxicam) indicated that the drug is well tolerated on both a short-term and a long-term basis. The most common type of adverse reaction to all medications (isoxicam, aspirin, and indomethacin) was gastrointestinal: 22.6 percent with isoxicam, at a dosage greater than 200 mg per day; 14.2 percent with isoxicam at 200 mg per day; 31.6 percent with buffered aspirin at 3,600 to 4,800 mg per day; 24.6 percent with indomethacin at 150 mg per day; and 7.2 percent with placebo. The incidence of tinnitus and deafness was significantly greater with buffered aspirin than with isoxicam, and the number of patients who had at least one episode of dizziness, vertigo, or headache was significantly greater with indomethacin than with isoxicam. In open-label, long-term studies, in which approximately 70 percent of the patients participated, the types and frequencies of adverse effects were similar to those observed with isoxicam during the controlled studies. The overall frequency of withdrawal for adverse reactions during the long-term studies was 11.5 percent, similar to that during the controlled studies. At the recommended dosage for isoxicam of 200 mg per day, the incidence of gastrointestinal ulcers was 0.81 percent, well within the range expected among arthritic patients receiving nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. From the data collected in Phase 3 clinical studies, it may be concluded that isoxicam is better tolerated than either aspirin or indomethacin and should not create unusual problems in the short-term or long-term treatment of rheumatoid arthritis or degenerative joint disease. PMID- 3904437 TI - Adverse effects of isoxicam in relation to age. AB - The frequencies of adverse reactions in patients younger than 65 years and 65 and older were compared for dosages of isoxicam ranging from 200 to 600 mg per day. Data were collected from the records of 2,184 patients younger than 65 years and 1,059 patients 65 years or older from controlled and open studies of patients with osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or musculoskeletal disorders. For both age groups, the most common adverse reactions were gastrointestinal. For other adverse reactions, the frequencies were notably lower than for gastrointestinal reactions. For virtually all adverse reactions, the frequencies were similar for the two age groups. Among patients who received only the recommended dosage of 200 mg per day, the frequencies of all reactions were lower than among the entire population and were similar between the two age groups. On the basis of this study, it appears that isoxicam is equally well tolerated in patients who are younger than 65 and those 65 and older. PMID- 3904438 TI - Six-month, double-blind comparison of isoxicam with buffered aspirin in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - The results of a six-month, double-blind comparison of isoxicam (Maxicam), 200 mg once a day, with buffered aspirin, 3,600 mg per day (900 mg four times a day), showed that isoxicam was statistically significantly better than aspirin in eight of 12 measures of efficacy. The study was carried out in 15 centers around the United States in 191 patients with classic or definite rheumatoid arthritis. The measures for which improvement with isoxicam was significantly better than aspirin were number of tender joints, sum of tenderness scores, number of swollen joints, sum of swelling scores, number of joints involved, grip strength, and overall assessment of the patient's condition by physician and patient. The measures for which the difference favoring isoxicam was not statistically significant were duration of morning stiffness, time to walk 50 feet, and global assessment of change in the patient's condition by physician and patient. The results indicate that 200 mg of isoxicam once daily is effective for treating rheumatoid arthritis. Compared with 3,600 mg of buffered aspirin daily, isoxicam is better in relief of symptoms and at least as effective regarding improvement in function. PMID- 3904439 TI - Sustained-release indomethacin in the comprehensive management of osteoarthritis. AB - Osteoarthritis, although primarily a degenerative joint disease, may be associated with significant secondary inflammation. Hydrolytic enzymes result in primary cartilage degradation; secondary inflammation occurs in response to degenerative cartilage breakdown products and crystal deposition. Humoral and cell-mediated immune responses have been described. Analgesic and anti inflammatory agents play a major role in symptomatic relief. Anti-inflammatory activity of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs has been ascribed to prostaglandin synthesis inhibition; recent studies suggest additional effects based on inhibition of neutrophil aggregation, superoxide radical generation, and lysosomal enzyme release. Indomethacin, the first of the newer nonsteroidal anti inflammatory drugs, has a long history of use and patient acceptance. Sustained release indomethacin (Indocin SR), a 75 mg formulation equivalent to three consecutive doses of conventional indomethacin, adds ease of administration and potential for improved compliance. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, used in conjunction with other therapeutic approaches, provide the opportunity for response that can be gratifying for both patients and physicians. PMID- 3904441 TI - Pharmacokinetic overview of indomethacin and sustained-release indomethacin. AB - Indomethacin has a moderately short half-life, usually requiring dosing twice a day or three times a day. A more convenient once or twice daily regimen is made possible with a sustained-release formulation. Following multiple-dose administration of either sustained-release indomethacin (Indocin SR) or conventional indomethacin, drug accumulation is low. Clinical studies indicate comparable safety and efficacy profiles between the two preparations. Pharmacokinetic information on both dosage forms is reviewed. PMID- 3904440 TI - Modern management of rheumatoid arthritis. AB - The management of rheumatoid arthritis can be challenging even to the most experienced and astute physician. The rheumatoid inflammatory process can be profound, ravaging, and unremitting, and the illness is notorious for its protean manifestations and capricious course. Moreover, the response to therapy is unpredictable, although it can be quite successful in many cases. Nevertheless, the intense pain, profound disability, progressive destructive arthropathy, and negative psychological milieu that haunt patients demand that something be done therapeutically. Rheumatoid arthritis responds best to a symphony of therapeutic modalities including drugs, rehabilitation, joint surgery, and attention to psychosocial issues. The foundation of any successful therapeutic venture is an educational program designed, however simply, to imbue the patient and family with an understanding of the disease and its course and treatment, and with realistic expectations. Drug therapy is often polypharmaceutical, employing analgesics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, both local and systemic corticosteroids, and remission-inducing drugs. Pacing of lifestyle, physical and/or occupational therapy, vocational guidance, psychological and sexual counseling, and social intervention are as much a part of modern management in rheumatoid arthritis as are drugs. The extra-articular (systemic) manifestations are addressed in a variety of ways depending upon the type and severity of involvement. Although most patients can be treated by their primary care physician, some may require the expertise provided by a specialist. Finally, despite the lack of a cure for rheumatoid arthritis, most patients respond well to treatment and return to their desired activities of daily living. PMID- 3904442 TI - Sustained-release indomethacin in the management of the acute painful shoulder from bursitis and/or tendinitis. AB - Of all the forms of nonarticular rheumatism, by far the most common are bursitis and tendinitis. Yet, the bursae and neighboring tendon sheaths are the most neglected anatomic structures of the body. Moreover, like the joints, they are lined by synovial membrane, secrete synovial fluid, and are common sites of rheumatic problems. The vast majority of painful shoulder problems are caused by acute subacromial (subdeltoid) bursitis and bicipital tendinitis. In the management of these periarticular disorders, the ultimate goal is to preserve shoulder motion. Although this is accomplished by daily range-of-motion exercises, it is clearly facilitated by suppression of periarticular inflammation and discomfort through the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Of these, sustained-release indomethacin provides the anti-inflammatory efficacy of indomethacin and by virtue of its sustained-release formulation, may promote patient compliance since it need be given only once or twice daily. PMID- 3904443 TI - Sustained-release indomethacin in the management of ankylosing spondylitis. AB - Ankylosing spondylitis is a systemic rheumatic disorder that is characterized by inflammation of the spine, sacroiliac, and large peripheral joints. Although back pain is the most frequent presenting symptom, disease can begin in peripheral joints--especially in children and women--and, rarely, even with acute iritis. Whatever the mode of onset, recurrent back pain that is frequently nocturnal and of varying intensity is an eventual complaint, as is early morning stiffness that is typically relieved by activity. The long-term prognosis is clearly enhanced by early diagnosis and patient education, both of which are central to preventing or minimizing disability. By suppressing articular inflammation, pain, and stiffness, the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs facilitate exercise and other supportive measures. Currently, among these agents, indomethacin occupies an important place. By virtue of its 12-hour dosage system, sustained-release indomethacin can be prescribed only once or twice daily, providing the anti inflammatory efficacy of indomethacin while promoting patient compliance. PMID- 3904444 TI - U-500 insulin for insulin resistance. PMID- 3904445 TI - Uveitis: many diseases, one diagnosis. PMID- 3904446 TI - Isolated angiitis of the brain. Case in a renal transplant recipient. AB - Dementia developed in a renal transplant recipient who was receiving prednisone (15 mg per day) and azathioprine (50 mg per day). Cerebral computed axial tomography showed multiple areas of infarction. Cerebral angiography demonstrated bilateral vessel changes suggestive of diffuse vasculitis. A search for other causes of vasculitis revealed none. This case demonstrates that isolated angiitis of the brain may develop and progress despite medication capable of suppressing rejection of a transplanted kidney. PMID- 3904447 TI - History and relevance of the Hutterite population for genetic studies. AB - The social and cultural origins of the Hutterian Brethren, the most inbred population in North America, are described along with the characteristics that make the group useful for genetic studies. The Hutterites represent a closed population, with high levels of fertility and consanguinity. The group maintains a stable residence pattern and keeps extensive genealogic records. The uniform pattern of communal living, the existence of endogamous subgroups within the population, and an orderly design for colony fission facilitates comparisons rarely found in other accessible populations. This inbred population is useful for detecting new recessively inherited diseases, for advancing our knowledge of the effect of inbreeding, and for analyzing human chromosomal variation. Selected demographic and genetic studies are cited. PMID- 3904448 TI - The Marinesco-Sjogren syndrome described a quarter of a century before Marinesco. PMID- 3904449 TI - Uremia as a cause of bleeding. PMID- 3904450 TI - The kidney in the graphic arts. PMID- 3904451 TI - Low cyclosporin A blood levels and acute graft rejection in a renal transplant recipient during rifampin treatment. AB - Cyclosporin A trough blood levels were unusually low during rifampin treatment in a kidney transplant patient. Simultaneously, acute graft rejection occurred. Pharmacokinetic investigation revealed a rapid turnover of cyclosporin A leading to low blood levels. Cessation of rifampin therapy reversed these changes. Rifampin substantially reduces the bioavailability of cyclosporin A and should not be used in transplant recipients on cyclosporin A. PMID- 3904452 TI - Severe wasting and malnutrition in a patient undergoing maintenance dialysis. PMID- 3904453 TI - alpha-Thalassemia hydrops fetalis: clinical and ultrasonographic considerations. AB - Five pregnant Southeast Asian women presenting during a 14-month period with microcytic anemia, preeclampsia, and size-date discrepancies were all ultimately diagnosed as carrying fetuses with homozygous alpha-thalassemia hydrops fetalis. The perinatal complications of this hemoglobin disorder are unique to persons of this ethnic background and include uniform fatality for the affected infant, maternal preeclamptic morbidity, and retained placenta. In this report the obstetric ultrasound findings are presented and the clinical manifestations are discussed, with recommendations made to reduce this emerging public health problem in the United States. PMID- 3904454 TI - Plasma prorenin in first-trimester pregnancy: relationship to changes in human chorionic gonadotropin. AB - Prorenin and human chorionic gonadotropin are both synthesized in chorionic cells. The relationship of changes in maternal plasma prorenin to changes in human chorionic gonadotropin were therefore evaluated during the first trimester. In samples submitted to the routine chemistry laboratory for detection of pregnancy a positive relationship was observed between prorenin and beta human chorionic gonadotropin during the 5 weeks following conception. Subsequently human chorionic gonadotropin continued to rise but prorenin had reached a plateau. Serial studies in one subject demonstrated that prorenin had increased to 65% of maximum by the thirteenth day following conception whereas human chorionic gonadotropin had risen to only 0.2% of maximum. By 3 to 5 days post partum, beta human chorionic gonadotropin had fallen by 98% but prorenin had fallen by only 50%. The early rise in prorenin following conception and the relatively slow fall post partum suggest that pregnancy-related changes in maternal plasma prorenin are of maternal, not fetal, origin. PMID- 3904456 TI - Prophylactic intrapartum amnioinfusion in patients with preterm premature rupture of membranes. AB - Patients with preterm premature rupture of the membranes are at increased risk to develop intrapartum variable decelerations and fetal distress. Short-term saline solution amnioinfusion may be of benefit in the treatment of variable or prolonged decelerations once they appear. In an effort to assess the benefit of prophylactic amnioinfusion, patients with preterm premature rupture of the membranes were studied during a 1-year period in a prospective randomized manner. Patients receiving prophylactic amnioinfusion had significantly decreased incidence and severity of variable decelerations in the first stage of labor (p less than 0.005). In the second stage of labor, the incidence of severe (p less than 0.005) and total (p less than 0.001) decelerations was also decreased in the treatment group. The umbilical arterial pH at delivery was significantly lower (p less than 0.001) as was the umbilical venous pH (p less than 0.005) in the newborn infants of control patients compared with those of patients receiving amnioinfusion. This suggests that prophylactic intrapartum amnioinfusion is of significant benefit in reducing the incidence of variable decelerations and improving the metabolic state in newborn infants born to women with preterm premature rupture of the membranes. PMID- 3904455 TI - Amniotic fluid insulin, C peptide concentrations, and fetal morbidity in infants of diabetic mothers. AB - Glucose, insulin, C peptide, and insulin antibody concentrations were measured in amniotic fluid collected under basal conditions and 2 hours after an arginine challenge from 61 insulin-treated diabetic women (12 basal and 49 after arginine challenge) and 31 nondiabetic pregnant women in late gestation (23 basal and eight after arginine challenge). The insulin, C peptide, and glucose concentrations were significantly higher in diabetic pregnant women than in nondiabetic pregnant women in each case. In the amniotic fluid obtained after arginine challenge in diabetic pregnant women, C peptide concentration was correlated with both insulin concentration (r = 0.61) and birth weight (r = 0.53). The insulin and C peptide concentrations were significantly higher (p less than 0.025) in samples from diabetic pregnancies associated with fetal morbidity than from diabetic pregnancies without fetal morbidity. Basal amniotic fluid insulin and C peptide concentrations were slightly greater in overweight infants of diabetic mothers compared to those of normal weight, whereas the differences for insulin and C peptide concentrations in the amniotic fluid obtained after arginine challenge were highly significant (p less than 0.0125 and p less than 0.0005, respectively). Finally insulin and C peptide concentrations in the amniotic fluid obtained after arginine challenge in diabetic pregnant women showed a correlation with maternal metabolic control but not with the degree (White classification) of maternal diabetes. No or negligible interference of insulin antibody in the radioimmunoassay of insulin in amniotic fluid was observed. PMID- 3904457 TI - The relationship between fetal activity and behavioral states and fetal breathing movements in normal and growth-retarded fetuses. AB - The incidence of fetal breathing was studied during the course of behavioral state observations on 28 low-risk fetuses between 32 and 40 weeks' gestational age and on 12 growth-retarded fetuses between 36 and 40 weeks. Real-time ultrasound scanners were used to detect fetal eye, body, and breathing movements, and the fetal heart rate was recorded continuously. The mean duration of the observation sessions was 110 minutes. The mean incidence of fetal breathing was greater during periods of fetal activity (body and eye movements present, greater heart rate variability) than during quiescence (body and eye movements absent, narrowed heart rate variability) at all gestational ages studied in both low-risk and growth-retarded fetuses. During periods when one of the state variables (body movements, eye movements, heart rate pattern) was in its active condition while the other two were quiet, or the reverse, the incidence of fetal breathing was intermediate between those found when all three state variables were in agreement. After behavioral states had developed, at 38 and 40 weeks, the mean incidence of fetal breathing in the low-risk fetuses was greater during active states than during the quiet state. There was no apparent increase in the degree of linkage between fetal breathing and other expressions of fetal activity after the emergence of behavioral states. PMID- 3904458 TI - Sonographic diagnosis of periappendicular abscess in pregnancy. AB - The diagnosis of appendicitis in pregnancy is complex because of altered maternal physiology and anatomy, and definitive therapy is often delayed. Ultrasonic screening is important in either diagnosing or excluding many pathologic conditions that complicate pregnancy and present a clinical picture similar to that of appendicitis. Reported here is a case in which a periappendicular abscess due to a perforated appendix was diagnosed by sonographic screening. PMID- 3904459 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of occipital encephalocele. AB - Two cases of occipital encephalocele diagnosed late in pregnancy are presented. Early diagnosis of this problem is possible. Parents might elect to terminate pregnancy as the outcome is invariably dismal. PMID- 3904460 TI - Fetal blood sampling during pregnancy with use of a needle guided by ultrasound: a study of 606 consecutive cases. AB - Because of various prenatal diagnoses, 606 fetal blood samplings were carried out in 562 pregnancies from the gestational week 17 to 38 with use of a 20-gauge needle guided by ultrasound. The procedure was performed on outpatients under local anesthesia and without medication before or after the procedure. Pure fetal blood was obtained at the first attempt in 588 cases. A second attempt was necessary in 18 cases. Maternal blood contamination was never present. Amniotic fluid dilution was noted in 15 cases. At the beginning of our experience only three cords could not be punctured. The duration of the procedure was less than 10 minutes in 90% of cases. Fifty-eight pregnancies were terminated after consideration of the results of the diagnosis, and 504 pregnancies were continued. The complications found in these pregnancies were premature delivery (5%), growth retardation (8%), in utero death (1.1%), and spontaneous abortion (0.8%). In the future this new procedure could replace fetoscopy and initiate an important field of new investigations. PMID- 3904461 TI - A fatal maternal outcome after delayed delivery in a midtrimester abdominal pregnancy. AB - Abdominal pregnancy has been reported to have a maternal mortality rate of 0% to 18%. Presence of the condition is difficult to diagnose, but such features as failure to induce labor after an apparent intrauterine fetal death should make one suspect it. Ultrasound examination may be misleading. PMID- 3904462 TI - Limitations of autocorrelation in fetal heart rate monitoring. AB - Fetal heart rate monitors that use autocorrelation of the ultrasonic fetal signal usually produce a cleaner fetal heart rate record than that obtainable with conventional ultrasonic fetal monitors. However, since the autocorrelation function will emphasize any periodic signal originating from the fetus or the mother, in clinical situations the resultant fetal heart rate tracing may contain spurious data. To illustrate the limitations of the autocorrelation technique in fetal monitoring, we compared the autocorrelated ultrasound fetal heart rate records from 23 patients in active labor with the simultaneously recorded direct scalp fetal electrocardiogram tracings. The results indicate that every hour of recording contained, on the average, five instances in which data were missing (range, 0 to 13), four in which data were added (range, 0 to 23), and seven instances in which data were absent for greater than 1 minute (range, 0 to 26). The potential problem of misinterpretation of autocorrelated fetal heart rate data is discussed. PMID- 3904463 TI - Prostacyclin in normal and hypertensive pregnancy. PMID- 3904464 TI - Effects of intensified insulin treatment on various lesions of diabetic retinopathy. AB - Mild background retinopathy was studied prospectively during long-term strict blood glucose control in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Forty-five subjects (21 women and 24 men with a mean age of 26.3 years and a mean duration of diabetes of 12.8 years) were randomly assigned to continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion, multiple injections, and conventional two-injection treatment. Eyes were examined two months before treatment, at the beginning of treatment, and after three, six, and 12 months. A progressive deterioration was found in the two injection group during the study, but no significant changes were found in patients receiving multiple injections. A transient deterioration occurred after three months of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion. Soft exudates appeared in 50% of the patients on the two intensified regimens, but no exudates were found in patients given conventional treatment. The morphologic changes seemed to be related to a large and rapid decrease in mean blood glucose or to an increased frequency of hypoglycemia, or both. PMID- 3904465 TI - The functional regulator (FR-3) of Frankel. AB - This article describes the construction of the FR-3 appliance classically used in cases of Class III malocclusion characterized by maxillary skeletal retrusion. Included is a description of proper impression technique, construction bite registration, preparation of the work models, and a complete description of the fabrication of the FR-3 appliance. Specific steps in the clinical management of this appliance are also presented. The cephalometric records of three patients treated with the FR-3 appliance are then presented. PMID- 3904466 TI - The ultrastructural changes of S-100 protein localization during lipolysis in adipocytes. An immunoelectron-microscopic study. AB - To elucidate the changes of ultrastructural localization of S-100 protein during lipolysis in adipocytes, an immunoelectron-microscopic study was performed. Epididymal fat pads from Wistar rats were incubated in the buffer with or without 10 microM epinephrine. Before incubation with epinephrine, S-100 protein was found to be associated with closely packed polysomes, the membrane of microvesicles, plasma membranes, the outer membrane of mitochondria, and the pellicle around fat droplets. In the epinephrine-treated tissues, however, S-100 protein-positive polysomes decreased drastically. S-100 protein-positive microvesicles increased in number, lined up below the plasma membranes, and fused with the plasma membrane, frequently opening into the interstitium. These microvesicles were also found around the lipid droplets. These findings, together with those of a previous report on ultrastructural changes of adipocytes during lipolysis, suggest that S-100 protein molecules interact with free fatty acids (FFAs) on their hydrophobic portions on the membrane of microvesicle and then are translocated through the cytoplasm and discharged from the surface of plasma membranes with FFAs into the interstitium. That is, S-100 protein might serve as one of carrier proteins of FFAs in adipocytes. PMID- 3904467 TI - Presentation of the Gold Headed Cane Award to Patrick J. Fitzgerald. 1985. PMID- 3904468 TI - Electrical charge of the antigen determines its localization in the mouse knee joint. Deep penetration of cationic BSA in hyaline articular cartilage. AB - Intraarticular injection of cationic bovine serum albumin (BSA) induces a chronic arthritis in immunized mice, whereas the negatively charged native BSA fails to cause a protracted joint inflammation. In this study the authors examined the role of antigenic charge as a determinant of antigen retention and exact localization within the knee joint. Immune and nonimmune mice received an intraarticular injection of either radiolabeled native BSA (125I-BSA) or charge modified BSA rendered cationic by amidation (aBSA), and autoradiographs were prepared of whole joint sections at various days after injection. As has been shown in the rabbit, the retention of the negatively charged native BSA is largely dependent upon the presence of antibodies. In nonimmune mice the radiolabeled antigen was hardly detectable after Day 1. In immune mice antibody mediated retention of BSA was found in the ligaments and fibrous cartilage structures of the joint but appeared to be absent at the hyaline cartilage. In contrast, large amounts of the cationic aBSA were retained at all collagenous structures of the joint, the most striking observation being the deep penetration in the dense hyaline cartilage. This was found both in immune and nonimmune mice, which indicates that the deep penetration was not due to cartilage damage occurring under inflammatory conditions. With different dosages of aBSA it was found that the presence of antibodies may modulate the retention pattern in immune mice. Deep diffuse penetration into the dense hyaline cartilage, together with some surface labeling, was observed after injection of a high dose (60 micrograms), whereas mere surface labeling was found with the low dose (6 micrograms). Distinct superficial labeling was not seen in nonimmune mice, which suggests that this pattern represents immune complex formation at the cartilage surface. Immunofluorescence studies on undecalcified whole joint sections confirmed the deep penetration of the cationic antigen and supported the presence of immune complexes at the cartilage surface, because intense complement and Ig staining was detectable at this site. Our data indicate that antigenic charge determines the antigen retention in the joint both quantitatively and qualitatively. Negatively charged native BSA has no affinity for cartilage, high amounts of antibodies are needed for its retention in the joint, retention by this immune complex formation is largely restricted to the loose collagenous tissues, and the capacity to retain anionic antigen in the joint is therefore low.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3904469 TI - Immunocytochemical characterization of a monoclonal antibody that recognizes mitosing cells. AB - The isolation and characterization of a monoclonal antibody (C5F10) which identifies dividing cells in normal and neoplastic tissues (carcinomas, sarcomas, and lymphoreticular malignancies) in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections is described. The antibody also recognizes rapidly dividing cells in normal and transformed cells in culture. A combination of autoradiography with 3H-thymidine and immunochemical localization of C5F10 showed that cells in S-phase of the cell cycle were weakly stained for C5F10, while dividing cells stained intensely with this antibody. The target structure of C5F10 appears to be different from the commonly recognized microtubule, intermediate filament and microfilament proteins and from the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (cyclin). This antibody may be a useful tool for readily detecting dividing cells in cell cultures and in tissue sections and may prove useful in studies to analyze the molecular basis of cell growth. PMID- 3904470 TI - Collagens in scar carcinoma of the lung. AB - Immunohistopathologic and biochemical studies of different collagen types extracted from human scar carcinoma of the lungs have been carried out for definition and evaluation of which types of collagen are involved in the scarring mechanism of such tumors. Tumor homogenates treated with 0.5 M acetic acid and followed by limited proteolysis with pepsin and then by fractional salt precipitation, demonstrated that Type I collagen constitutes the major collagenous component in addition to a significant increase in Type V collagen extracted from human scar carcinoma of the lung. However, when normal membranoalveolar peripheral lung tissues were processed under the same experimental conditions, Type III and IV collagens were relatively higher. Immunohistochemical studies were carried out, and the results confirmed the data above. Furthermore, these studies demonstrated a relative localized increase in Type III collagen in the area surrounding the tumor acini, which suggested that these areas are of active and recent scar formation. This supports the current concept of the scar origin as a desmoplastic reaction of the host tissues toward the neoplastic cell growth. PMID- 3904471 TI - Pathology and the posture of the La Chapelle-aux-Saints Neandertal. AB - The depiction of the Neandertals as incompletely erect was based primarily on Boule's (1911, 1912a, 1913) analysis of the La Chapelle-aux-Saints 1 partial skeleton. The inaccurate aspects of Boule's postural reconstruction were corrected during the 1950s. However, it has come to be believed, following Straus and Cave (1957), that Boule's errors of reconstruction were due to the diseased condition of the La Chapelle-aux-Saints 1 remains, rather than to Boule's misinterpretation of morphology. The abnormalities on the La Chapelle-aux-Saints 1 postcranium include: lower cervical, upper thoracic, and lower thoracic intervertebral degenerative joint disease (DJD), a distal fracture of a mid thoracic rib, extensive DJD of the left hip, DJD of the right fifth proximal interphalangeal articulation, bilateral humeral head eburnation, and minor exostosis formation on the right humerus, ulna, and radius. These were associated with extensive alveolar inflammation including apical abscesses and antemortem tooth loss, some temporomandibular DJD, bilateral auditory exostoses, and minimal occipital condyle DJD. None of these abnormalities significantly affected Boule's Neandertal postural reconstruction, and a review of his analysis indicates that early twentieth century interpretations of skeletal morphology (primarily of the cranium, cervical vertebrae, lumbar and sacral vertebrae, proximal femora and tibiae, posterior tarsals, and hallucial tarsometatarsal joint), combined with Boule's evolutionary preconceptions, were responsible for his mistaken view of Neandertal posture. PMID- 3904472 TI - The dentition of the "old man" of La Chapelle-aux-Saints and inferences concerning Neandertal behavior. AB - It has been suggested that the fossil Neandertal from La Chapelle-aux-Saints was so toothless that he would have had to have his food pre-chewed or otherwise prepared for him. This has also led to the inference that a high level of altruistic social behavior was characteristic of Neandertals. This appears to be in keeping with a current trend among anthropologists to upgrade the cultural and evolutionary status of Neandertals. Close examination of the recovered teeth and the condition of the alveoli indicates that the "old man" of La Chapelle-aux Saints had upper and lower incisor, canine and premolar teeth on the left side intact and probably in occlusion, and that the same was true of these teeth in the right maxilla. Mandibular incisors, canine, and first premolar had probably been lost to a tumor or abscessing on the right side, but this pathology may have developed near the time of death. The right mandibular second premolar was probably functional, although tilted similarly to the intact premolar on the left. It is very unlikely that the individual was unable to chew food. The dentition thus gives no reliable evidence of altruistic behavior by his cohorts. This study may also relate to hypotheses concerning the ancestry of anatomically modern humans. PMID- 3904474 TI - Variations in form of the hypoglossal canal. AB - Variation in the nature and extent of division of the hypoglossal canal can be classified by a simple scoring scheme. Applied to three series of crania of differing provenance, the results indicate a continuity in expression of the trait rather than the dichotomous character utilized in previous studies. The similarity in results in these three populations, of widely differing environment, suggests fairly strict canalization of development. PMID- 3904473 TI - Observations of dental diseases among prehistoric populations of Hungary. AB - The incidence of dental disease among people in developing countries today raises questions about the variation in the oral health of prehistoric populations. Considering these questions, we offer observations describing several types of dental disease which occurred among certain prehistoric populations of Hungary. The dental remains of 162 individuals recovered from seven sites of the Neolithic, Copper, and Bronze Age periods were examined for evidence of caries, hypoplasia, and periodontal disease. Appropriate methods were used to describe and record these dental lesions. The incidence of dental caries was low by comparison to other prehistoric agriculturists except for two forms of root caries: cervical and cemental. These types accounted for 68% of all the carious teeth recorded. Enamel hypoplasia was also lower than expected, occurring on only 4% of the total number of teeth. Periodontal abscesses were rare but other milder forms of periodontal lesions were frequent. Alveolar bone resorption occurred in varying degrees and followed the expected age distribution. The few exceptions were children or adolescents whose crania had other lesions suggesting a mineral metabolic disturbance. The lower incidence of enamel caries is likely due to high fluoride ingestion which also may have influenced the expression of enamel hypoplasia. No clear population trends were seen in dental disease incidence except for cemental caries which were found among Copper and Bronze Age remains. PMID- 3904475 TI - Diachronic variation in cranial thickness of Near Eastern populations. AB - Cephalometric radiographs were taken of 111 skulls of skeletal remains of populations living in Israel and Jordan during the last 12,000 years. From these radiographs, skull length and height, and cranial thickness were measured. For each sex and period, high correlations were found between cranial thickness at vertex, bregma, and lambda. Cranial thickness at nasion was correlated with sinus width but not sinus height. All measurements were correlated with skull length but not skull breadth. Using multivariate analysis, no significant differences in cranial thickness were found between the sexes. Significant diachronic trends were found in lambda and sinus width, and they were independent of variation in skull length. PMID- 3904476 TI - Long bone lengths and gestational age distributions of post-contact period Arikara Indian perinatal infant skeletons. AB - Prenatal growth is adversely affected by poor socioeconomic conditions where disease and chronic undernutrition prevail. Premature and small-for-gestational age births occur at higher frequency. Post-contact Arikara Indian populations of South Dakota experienced a rapidly changing and disruptive environment that included deterioration of the subsistence base and increased morbidity. This research tests resulting fetal growth effects through comparative analysis of two perinatal infant samples of the early (A.D. 1600-1733) and the late (A.D. 1760 1835) post-contact period. Perinatal infants recovered from late cemeteries include a higher percentage of smaller skeletons, as determined using long bone diaphyseal lengths, than is documented for the earlier time period. This contrast shows that it is possible to detect fetal growth differences in samples of archaeological context. PMID- 3904477 TI - Analysis of a microcephalic child from the late period (ca. 1100-1700 A.D.) of central California. AB - Microcephaly is a severe developmental abnormality which is induced either genetically or environmentally. The archaeological evidence for the occurrence of this abnormality is minimal. Out of six possible cases, only three have been published; all are adult and represented solely by cranial remains. The focus of the current study is the nearly complete skeleton of a 3-year-old child recovered during archaeological excavations in San Jose, California. The individual is compared to a sample of 184 California Indians, ranging from 0.5 to 5 years, which were also recovered from archaeological excavations. In order to determine if microcephaly was the only disorder represented, metrical comparisons of the skull and postcrania and gross morphological comparisons of endocranial casts were made. Based on these comparisons the individual was determined to have a cranial vault size comparable to 6-month-old infants (630 cc), a facial skeleton equivalent to the 9-month-old to 2-year-old age groups, and a reduced stature. Due to the mosaic nature of the skull, the observed morphology was interpreted in terms of functional cranial components. Severe malformation of the orbital aspect of the frontal lobes was found in conjunction with a significant reduction in size of the cerebral cortex and left temporal lobe. On the basis of this analysis, the individual was found to exhibit the total morphological pattern associated with microcephaly. A differential diagnosis of other possible genetic disorders is also presented. PMID- 3904478 TI - Transepithelial transport of guinea pig gastric mucous cell monolayers. AB - Guinea pig gastric mucous epithelial cells were isolated, enriched, cultured in collagen cups, and put into Ussing chambers for electrophysiological studies. The cultured mucous cell monolayers, which retain the morphology of surface cells found in the intact tissue, had a maximal resistance (R) of 272 +/- 12 omega X cm2 and a potential difference (PD) of -3.8 +/- 0.4 mV (apical negative) between 4 and 10 days later (n = 33). The current-voltage and conductance-concentration relationships of the cultures were both nonlinear (n = 12). In addition, NaCl concentration gradients across the monolayer also gave asymmetrical and nonlinear dilution potentials, with the side of lower chemical potential always becoming electrically negative (n = 10). Calculation of the average Cl(-)-to-Na+ permeability ratio at pH 7.4 was 1.35, indicating a slightly greater conductance of anions over cations. Amiloride (0.1-1.0 microM) had no effect on PD or R when given from the apical or basal side (n = 18), but at higher concentrations (0.1 1.0 mM) there was a decrease in the PD. 4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2' disulfonic acid at 10(-4) M increased R from the apical side only (n = 14), and acetazolamide at 5 X 10(-4) M reduced the PD to -0.5 mV (n = 8). Only ouabain at 10(-4) M from the serosal side was effective in reducing the monolayer PD to zero. This culture preparation will prove useful for future studies in determining specific functions for this gastric cell type and how those functions relate to barrier function in the stomach. PMID- 3904479 TI - Direct effect of insulin on albumin gene expression in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. AB - The purpose of this study was to identify a cell culture system in which the role of insulin in regulating albumin gene expression could be investigated. The system selected was rat hepatocytes maintained in primary culture in a chemically defined, serum-free medium. Under control conditions albumin secretion was nearly the same as the rate recorded in vivo and in perfused liver and was reasonably well maintained during 8 days of culture. Deletion of insulin from the culture medium for 3-6 days resulted in 40-60% reductions in albumin secretion. Furthermore, albumin secretion relative to the rate of total protein synthesis was reduced by approximately 50% as a result of insulin deficiency. Readdition of the hormone to insulin-deficient cultures restored secretion to the control rate. A maximal effect of insulin was observed within 3 days after readdition of the hormone, and a half-maximal response was obtained with a hormone concentration of approximately 3.0 nM. The relative abundance of albumin mRNA, as measured by solution hybridization using a complementary DNA probe, responded in a parallel fashion to the changes in albumin secretion. Thus rat hepatocytes maintained under appropriate culture conditions reflect the effects of diabetes and insulin treatment on albumin gene expression observed in vivo and provide an excellent model system in which to study the mechanism(s) of insulin action. PMID- 3904480 TI - Regulation of hepatic gluconeogenesis in newborn rabbit: controlling factors in presuckling period. AB - We have previously shown (Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 77B: 35-39, 1984) that a rapid postnatal increase in hepatic mitochondrial adenine nucleotide content activates pyruvate carboxylation and gluconeogenesis in the newborn rabbit. This study investigated factors limiting flux through the gluconeogenic pathway and examined the physiological stimuli responsible for the activation phenomenon. There is a 2.3-fold increase in total mitochondrial adenine nucleotides, along with a threefold increase in the matrix ATP/ADP ratio, by 2 h after birth, resulting overall in a sixfold increase in the amount of ATP/mg mitochondrial protein. Analysis of gluconeogenic intermediates, measured in freeze-clamped livers between birth and 4 h postnatal, suggests that pyruvate carboxylase controls gluconeogenic flux during this period. Newborn rabbits reared in an hypoxic environment (5% O2) exhibited decreased mitochondrial adenine nucleotide content, decreased rates of pyruvate carboxylation, and depressed blood glucose levels compared with littermates reared in room air or 95% O2. Manipulation of the insulin-to-glucagon ratio in vivo by injecting insulin at birth significantly delayed postnatal increases in the mitochondrial adenine nucleotide content and the rate of pyruvate carboxylation. Conversely, glucagon injection produced a supranormal increase in both mitochondrial adenine nucleotide content and pyruvate carboxylation. In addition, insulin injection prevented, whereas glucagon enhanced, the normal postnatal increase in tissue ATP/ADP. These results suggest that tissue oxygenation and a decreased insulin-to-glucagon ratio promote the rapid influx of adenine nucleotides from the liver cytosol into the mitochondrial matrix, thereby activating pyruvate carboxylation and gluconeogenesis during the presuckling period. PMID- 3904481 TI - Insulin action during fasting and refeeding in rat determined by euglycemic clamp. AB - To further characterize the role of insulin in glucose metabolism during fasting and refeeding, euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamps were performed in control, 3 day-fasted, and 3 day-fasted then 3 day-refed rats. Glucose production and utilization were measured by using [3-3H]glucose. In control and refed rats, hepatic glucose production was totally suppressed at insulin concentration higher than 500 microU/ml; by contrast, during fasting, hepatic glucose production was not suppressed even at insulin concentration tenfold higher. Maximal increment of glucose utilization was lower in fasted than in control rats. Three days of refeeding restored almost entirely normal responses to insulin for glucose utilization. Blood glucose concentration was clamped at a different level in fasted and in control and refed rats; however, increment in glucose clearance in response to insulin was lower in fasted rats than in the two other groups. Thus fasting produces a state of insulin unresponsiveness both at the hepatic and peripheral levels, normal responsiveness being restored after 3 days of refeeding. PMID- 3904482 TI - Mechanism and role of intrinsic regulation of hepatic arterial blood flow: hepatic arterial buffer response. AB - Hepatic parenchymal cell metabolic status does not control the hepatic arterial blood flow. Portal blood flow is a major intrinsic regulator of hepatic arterial tone. Hepatic arterial blood flow changes so as to buffer the impact of portal flow alterations on total hepatic blood flow, thus tending to regulate total hepatic flow at a constant level. This response is called the "hepatic arterial buffer response." The mechanism of the arterial buffer response seems to depend on portal blood flow washing away local concentrations of adenosine (production may be constant) from the area of the arterial resistance site. If portal flow decreases, less adenosine is washed away and the local concentration rises resulting in arterial dilation. Putative roles. Hepatic clearance of many hormones and endogenous compounds is blood flow limited. Constancy of total hepatic blood flow is crucial to homeostasis, and severe changes in the magnitude of flow can rapidly alter plasma concentrations of such compounds. The buffer may also prevent portal flow changes from severely altering intrahepatic blood pressures and liver blood volume. Pathological implications. If the O2 supply-to demand ratio becomes too low, as in the case of a hypermetabolic liver (chronic alcohol exposure), a state of tissue hypoxia can exist without producing hepatic arterial dilation. Therapeutic implications. Livers show protection and improved recovery from several toxic agents, including alcohol, if the O2 supply-to-demand ratio can be increased. Arterial dilation by means of intra-arterial or intra portal adenosine may prove useful. PMID- 3904483 TI - Effects of calcium antagonists on renal hemodynamics. AB - The renal hemodynamic effects of Ca2+ antagonists are considered in the context of their actions on Ca2+ movements during activation of vascular smooth muscle. Observations in intact animals reveal that the renal hemodynamic response to Ca2+ antagonists is highly variable, depending on the neural and hormonal determinants of renal vascular tone. Studies in the isolated perfused kidney and in isolated renal vessels indicate that diverse agonists use different activating mechanisms with differing sensitivities to Ca2+ antagonists. In comparison with other direct acting vasodilators, Ca2+ antagonists are unique in their ability to maintain or increase glomerular filtration rate. This effect is due, in part, to their selective reduction of afferent arteriolar resistance. This implies that activating mechanisms of the afferent and efferent arterioles differ. The ability of Ca2+ antagonists to augment glomerular filtration rate by concomitant actions on nonvascular sites remains to be elucidated. PMID- 3904484 TI - Restriction of gut-derived endotoxin impairs DNA synthesis for liver regeneration. AB - The influence of restricting gut-derived endotoxin availability on liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy was evaluated. Partial hepatectomy was performed by 67% liver resection of ether-anesthetized rats. Liver regeneration was quantified after partial hepatectomy by [3H]thymidine incorporation into hepatic DNA; endotoxemia due to absorption of endogenous endotoxin from the gut into the portal circulation was determined by qualitative lysate assay of perchloric acid-extracted plasma samples, and plasma levels of the hepatotrophic factors insulin and glucagon were measured by radioimmunoassay. Treatments to restrict gut-derived endotoxin included chronic gavage with neomycin and cefazolin for gut sterilization, chronic gavage with cholestyramine to bind endotoxin within the gut, subcutaneous administration of polymyxin B to neutralize the lipid A portion of circulating endotoxin, intraperitoneal induction of endotoxin tolerance by progressively higher doses of endotoxin, and experimentation with isolator-reared defined flora Fisher rats that were Gram negative bacteria deficient and therefore endotoxin deficient. All treatments to restrict endogenous endotoxin impaired DNA synthesis in regenerating livers particularly 21 h posthepatectomy when replication was increasing most rapidly in normal rats. We hypothesize that impairment of DNA synthesis after partial hepatectomy in endotoxin-restricted animals was due to the observed lack of normal systemic endotoxemic as well as hyperinsulinemic and hyperglucagonemic responses to 67% liver resection. PMID- 3904485 TI - Glucose dyshomeostasis and cardiovascular failure in endotoxic dogs. AB - Fasted mongrel dogs were anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium and instrumented for the on-line measurement of blood glucose (BG), a lead II electrocardiogram, and pressures in the left ventricle and pulmonary and systemic artery concomitant with on-line monitoring of BG. Serum insulin was measured by radioimmunoassay, and cardiac output (CO) was determined by thermodilution. Stroke work (SW) and pulmonary and systemic resistances were calculated. After a 30-min control period dogs were treated with Escherichia coli endotoxin (E) or normal saline (S) and then observed for 10 h or until death. Preinjection control BG was maintained in S dogs, and early hyperglycemia (H) was observed in six dogs; in contrast 10 E dogs showed no hyperglycemia (NH). During the late stages all E dogs were markedly hypoglycemic. In both groups of E dogs an early hyperinsulinemia occurred. CO and SW were depressed in both groups of E dogs. These variables were significantly lower in NH than in H dogs. Pulmonary and systemic resistance progressively increased in NH dogs after endotoxin administration. The results suggest that the ability to increase blood glucose levels after endotoxin injection is important for the maintenance of cardiovascular function. Glucose dyshomeostasis leading to hypoglycemia, however, may be a factor in the development of endotoxic cardiovascular failure. PMID- 3904486 TI - Glucose clamping and cardiovascular function in endotoxic dogs. AB - Fasted mongrel dogs were anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium and instrumented for the continuous measurement of blood glucose (BG), a lead II electrocardiogram, and pressures in the left ventricle (LV), pulmonary artery, and aorta. Cardiac output was measured every 15 min using thermodilution and LV stroke work, and pulmonary and systemic resistances were calculated. After a 30 min pretreatment period, glucose clamping was initiated. The desired glucose levels were reached within 45 min (hypoglycemic 20 +/- 1 mg/dl, n = 11; normoglycemic 85 +/- 1, n = 7; hyperglycemic 156 +/- 3, n = 7). At this point dogs were treated with either endotoxin (8 mg/kg to 6 hypoglycemic, 4 normoglycemic, and 4 hyperglycemic) or saline (5 hypoglycemic, 3 normoglycemic, and 3 hyperglycemic). All infusions were terminated after 2 h glucose clamping, and all dogs were monitored either until death or for a maximum of 10 h. Hypoglycemic clamping curtailed survival in endotoxic dogs. Hyperglycemic clamping markedly prolonged survival. Normoglycemic clamping left survival time unchanged compared with untreated dogs. The effects of glucose clamping on cardiovascular function during endotoxic shock paralleled the effects on survival. Cardiovascular function was also depressed in hypoglycemic-clamped saline dogs. It is concluded that glucose dyshomeostasis may be a crucial factor in the development of fatal cardiovascular dysfunction and shock after endotoxin administration. PMID- 3904487 TI - The self-medication hypothesis of addictive disorders: focus on heroin and cocaine dependence. AB - Recent clinical observations and psychiatric diagnostic findings of drug dependent individuals suggest that they are predisposed to addiction because they suffer with painful affect states and related psychiatric disorders. The drugs that addicts select are not chosen randomly. Their drug of choice is the result of an interaction between the psychopharmacologic action of the drug and the dominant painful feelings with which they struggle. Narcotic addicts prefer opiates because of their powerful muting action on the disorganizing and threatening affects of rage and aggression. Cocaine has its appeal because of its ability to relieve distress associated with depression, hypomania, and hyperactivity. PMID- 3904488 TI - The legacy of Ewald Hecker: a new translation of "Die Hebephrenie". Translated by Marie-Louise Schoelly. AB - Early descriptions of schizophrenia may be found in the writings of Haslam and Morel, but the turning point in the development of the modern concept was Ewald Hecker's classic paper on hebephrenia in 1871. The syndrome he described--a psychosis of early onset with a deteriorating course characterized by a "silly" affect, behavioral peculiarities, and formal thought disorder--not only adumbrated Kraepelin's generic category of dementia praecox but quite specifically defined the later subtype of hebephrenic, or disorganized, schizophrenia as well. The present translation into English of Hecker's "Die Hebephrenie" makes accessible a crucial milestone in the history of modern psychiatry. PMID- 3904489 TI - Historical comment on DSM-III schizoid and avoidant personality disorders. AB - The authors examine the DSM-III distinction between schizoid and avoidant personality disorders. This distinction is based on Millon's biosocial learning theory and his interpretation of Kretschmer's personality types. The authors argue that this separation of a continuous distribution is historically misconceived and serves to obscure the significant features of schizoid personality. They examine Kretschmer's conceptualization of schizoid personality for the implications it carries for the development of a classification of personality disorder, suggesting that Kretschmer's approach implies a "polythetic" model of personality disorder that conceptualizes disorders as categories of dimensions. PMID- 3904490 TI - Public health then and now: an historical repository. PMID- 3904491 TI - Ohio consortium for major organ transplantation. PMID- 3904492 TI - Malignant epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of the liver in young women. Relationship to oral contraceptive use. AB - Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EH) is a vascular neoplasm that occurs predominantly in soft tissue and is not infrequently misdiagnosed as an epithelial neoplasm or angiosarcoma. Only a few cases of hepatic EH have been described, and a relationship to oral contraceptive (OC) use in patients with the hepatic lesions has not generally been recognized. We present a series of five patients with malignant epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of the liver. Confirmation of the endothelial origin of these tumors was provided by positive immunoperoxidase staining for Factor-VIII-related antigen in the four cases studied by that technique, and by the demonstration of Weibel-Palade bodies in two tumors examined by electron microscopy. All five patients were young women (mean age 33 years) and all five gave a history of OC use of 4-7 years' duration. The clinical course varied from indolent but progressive to rapid death. One patient who underwent resection of the primary tumor has survived 3 years without evidence of disease, and one patient with metastatic disease who was treated with radiation and chemotherapy has survived for 8 years with disease. Three patients with extrahepatic spread have died of the tumor. Early diagnosis of this distinctive tumor might offer the hope of salvage by resection or liver transplantation. PMID- 3904493 TI - Q-fever. The liver and bone marrow pathology. AB - Eighteen liver and seven bone marrow biopsies from 44 patients with clinically and serologically proven Q-fever seen during a recent outbreak were studied. Highly distinctive fibrin-ring granulomas were found in seven liver and four bone marrow specimens. Lipid or nonspecific granulomas often containing neutrophils and variable numbers of giant cells were noted in 13 livers and seven bone marrows. A wide variety of nongranulomatous histological changes, frequently including steatosis and nonspecific "reactive" hepatitis, were seen in the liver biopsies. Identifiable rickettsiae were not present in tissue sections studied by microbiologic stains or electron microscopy. The histological response pattern to Coxiella infection is varied, and Q-fever should always enter the differential diagnosis of a granulomatous disease encountered in liver and bone marrow specimens. PMID- 3904494 TI - Follicular center-cell lymphoma with plasmacytic differentiation, monoclonal paraprotein, and peripheral blood involvement. Recapitulation of normal B-cell development. AB - A patient with a nodular and diffuse small-cleaved follicular center-cell lymphoma that exhibited definite plasmacytic differentiation, a related monoclonal gammopathy, and circulating population of small lymphocytes is presented. Aside from showing that the presence of numerous plasma cells is not a reliable criterion for the diagnosis of a reactive follicular proliferation, the case is an example of a lymphoma without a block in maturation. The "neoplastic" B-cells show development to follicular center cells and beyond, to functioning plasma cells, and probably also to recirculating "memory" cells. It also suggests that plasmacytoid lymphocytic lymphomas (Lukes-Collins classification) might represent a heterogeneous group of lymphoid neoplasms with some closely related to follicular center-cell lymphomas and others more closely related to small lymphocytic lymphoma/B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. PMID- 3904495 TI - Historical overview of the bilateral approach to pediatric inguinal hernias. AB - An historical overview of the treatment of pediatric inguinal hernias has been presented, including changing methods of repair, discussion of the bilateral approach, and a condensation of requested responses from 80 recognized authorities in various centers. Prospective analysis of 440 personal cases is presented. The patent processus and its relationship to clinical hernia have been discussed. Contralateral exploration is favored under controlled circumstances. The decreased danger of incarceration in these instances has been evaluated and separate second procedures can be avoided. Basic requirements of training for treating pediatric hernias, particularly those in the very young patient, are suggested in accordance with my philosophy which is shared with the majority of pediatric surgeons as a group. PMID- 3904496 TI - [Clinical thinking in modern obstetrics. IV. The features (components) of clinical thinking]. PMID- 3904497 TI - [Current status of the problem of human in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer]. PMID- 3904499 TI - [Development and structure of the human placenta in the light of current data]. PMID- 3904498 TI - [Estrogenic and antiestrogenic preparations--pharmacological and clinical aspects]. PMID- 3904500 TI - [Ultrasonic studies in fetal growth retardation]. PMID- 3904501 TI - Postgraduate certification in alcohol and drug dependence. PMID- 3904502 TI - Special report: AMSAODD: plan for certification of members, 1985-1986. PMID- 3904503 TI - Association between low plasma tryptophan and blackouts in male alcoholic patients. AB - Alcohol has been observed to alter various aspects of memory function. Some of the most extreme forms of memory impairment experienced by alcoholics are blackouts. There are at present very few data on the biological mechanisms underlying alcohol-related memory impairment. A variety of mechanisms including the cholinergic and catecholaminergic systems have been implicated in learning and memory. More recently, however, the importance of the serotonergic system in memory function has been demonstrated. We investigated whether patients with a history of blackouts had lower plasma levels of the serotonin precursor tryptophan than patients without such a history. Tryptophan values were significantly lower in patients who had experienced blackouts than in patients who had not. No significant differences between the two group of patients were observed for other amino acids sharing with tryptophan the same transport carrier into the brain. Drinking history variables did not differentiate among the two patient groups. Our data suggest that a decrease in plasma tryptophan (and concomitant lowered brain serotonin) could increase the vulnerability of certain individuals to manifestations of various aspects of memory impairment including one of its most extreme forms, the blackout. PMID- 3904504 TI - Alcoholism and psoriasis. AB - Using criteria for the diagnosis of alcoholism established by the National Council of Alcoholism and by scores on the Self-Administered Alcoholism Screening Test, we compared the prevalence of alcoholism in a group of 99 patients hospitalized for the treatment of psoriasis with that in an age- and sex-matched control group hospitalized for the treatment of other dermatologic disorders. Alcoholism was diagnosed in 11 psoriatic patients and 3 control patients (0.05 less than p less than 0.10); 10 of the 11 psoriatic patients were men, and 1 of the 3 control patients was a man (p less than 0.05). These differences, not noted in certain earlier studies, may reflect a basic association between the two diseases in males or indicate that alcoholism contributes to the morbidity of psoriasis. PMID- 3904505 TI - Chronic alcoholism in males: cognitive deficit as a function of age of onset, age, and duration. AB - Performance on a cognitive rule-learning task was studied in detoxified alcoholics having early/late onset and short-/long-term drinking histories, and in matched nonalcoholic controls. There were pronounced cognitive deficits in early onset and long-term alcoholics. Impairment was severest in the early onset group, even though they were on the average 15 years younger than the late onset group. Early onset alcoholics were relatively more impaired on both the abstract and the verbal Shipley measures. This group also manifested a relative deficit in ability to show positive transfer across problems. Chronicity of alcoholism also interfered with acquisition of an abstract relationship between concrete stimulus attributes. Age negatively influenced ability to perform abstractions, but not commonly tested verbal skills. The findings suggest that an early onset of alcoholism, regardless of duration of problem drinking, is particularly predictive of cognitive impairment. PMID- 3904506 TI - The antagonistic placebo response to alcohol cues. AB - The classical conditioning model of drug tolerance makes a strong prediction of an antagonistic placebo response, or a placebo response that is opposite in direction to the effect of alcohol. In an initial experiment, 85 normal social drinkers consumed near beer (0% alcohol) while autonomic measures were recorded continuously. Subjects who reported mild intoxication (n = 11) showed a significant decrease in heart rate from predrinking baseline compared to subjects who did not report intoxication (n = 57). In a replication study with a suitable control group, subjects who received near beer and reported mild intoxication (n = 8) showed a significant heart rate and electrodermal response opposite in direction to the autonomic effects of alcohol compared to a control group that received a soft drink (n = 10). The antagonist placebo response challenges current conceptualizations of placebo responding, and has implications for classical conditioning theories of alcoholism. PMID- 3904507 TI - Binding properties of glycosylated albumin and acetaldehyde albumin. AB - Glucose and acetaldehyde react covalently with albumin to form the post translationally modified group of proteins, the glycosylated albumins and the acetaldehyde albumins, respectively. This study contrasts the binding ability of a major acetaldehyde albumin fraction synthesized in vitro with glycosylated albumin. A microdialysis rate method, using either [14C]monoacetyldiaminodiphenyl sulfone (MADDS), a deputy ligand for bilirubin, or [14C]diazepam, was employed to evaluate binding at these two sites. Our results indicate that prolonged exposure of purified human serum albumin to acetaldehyde results in a major acetaldehyde albumin fraction that lacks the ability to bind MADDS and diazepam. This fraction migrates identically to albumin on SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, but exhibits microheterogeneity with a more acidic pI band as seen on analytical isoelectric focusing. We suggest that altered drug binding in alcoholics may be partially explained by altered binding ability of acetaldehyde albumins. PMID- 3904508 TI - Prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors block alcohol-induced fetal hypoplasia. AB - Alcohol-induced growth retardation is a fetal effect consistently associated with maternal ethanol consumption. In humans, those infants whose mothers consume even a limited amount of ethanol during pregnancy have a significant incidence of growth inhibition. The molecular mechanism responsible for this growth deficiency is unknown, and prevention depends on maternal abstinence during pregnancy. The data reported here suggest that ethanol-mediated increases in tissue prostaglandin (PG) E levels (PGE1 plus PGE2) are correlated with the growth retardation. Further, simultaneous administration of PG synthesis inhibitors with the alcohol blocks the rise in tissue PG levels and protects against the alcohol induced hypoplasia. PMID- 3904509 TI - Cultural influences and alcoholism: a study of Puerto Ricans. AB - Some reports in the literature suggest a correlation between acceptance of traditional Latin American family values and alcoholism in Hispanic males. To examine the effects of traditional values on alcoholism, the authors surveyed 151 lower-class Puerto Rican alcoholics (126 males and 25 females), using a scale to measure Hispanic-American family values. The scores of these patients were compared with those of 116 lower-class Puerto Rican nonalcoholics (45 males and 71 females). A path model was constructed with alcoholism as the dependent variable, the Traditional Scale scores as an intervening variable, and demographic variables which may also influence alcoholism (such as sex, age, years of residence in the United States, education, and English ability) as independent variables. Overall, the findings show that traditionalism is a significant predictor of alcoholism, both directly and as an intervening variable in the relation between sex and alcoholism, and education and alcoholism. However, sex and years of residence in the United States were both stronger direct predictors of alcoholism than was traditionalism. These results support the hypothesis that the manifestations of alcoholism in lower-class Puerto Ricans are influenced by cultural attitudes. PMID- 3904510 TI - Alcohol-related birth defects: syndromal anomalies, intrauterine growth retardation, and neonatal behavioral assessment. AB - Fetal alcohol effects in 359 infants born to disadvantaged women identified as having a history of alcohol abuse or as controls and who provided reports of alcohol use in pregnancy are being studied in a prospective design. Alcohol abuse was assessed with the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST). Alcohol use (AA/day) was based on short-term recall covering 2-week periods prior to each antenatal visit. A tally of anomalies associated with fetal alcohol syndrome was obtained in a blinded examination of each infant. This tally was significantly related to the MAST classification and, for the MAST+ subjects, the tally was related to first trimester AA/day. Birth weight, length, and head circumference were negatively correlated with AA/day (entire pregnancy); however, the effect was attenuated and not statistically significant in models with covariate control. It is possible that these measures were near the threshold of effect. Scale scores of the Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale and three scale scores of the Graham/Rosenblith Behavioral Examination of the Neonate were unrelated to the MAST classification and to AA/day. PMID- 3904511 TI - Neonatal neurobehavioral characteristics as correlates of maternal alcohol use during gestation. AB - To determine the neurobehavioral consequences of alcohol use during different periods in gestation, we compared the behavior of 103 neonates born to women who: drank a mean of 12 ounces of absolute alcohol per week throughout pregnancy; drank a mean of 14 ounces of absolute alcohol and were otherwise comparable to the first group but stopped drinking in the second trimester, and never drank at all during pregnancy. Low socioeconomic status, predominantly black women applying for prenatal care at a large inner city hospital were recruited in the second trimester of pregnancy, and those reporting alcohol use were advised to stop drinking. Neurobehavioral evaluation with the Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale was conducted at 3 days postnatal age. As a group, infants exposed to alcohol at any time during gestation were found to have significant alterations in reflexive behavior, less mature motor behavior, and an increased activity level in comparison to unexposed infants. Infants whose mothers stopped drinking in the second trimester were superior to those whose mothers continued to drink throughout pregnancy in observed state control, need for stimulation, motor tone, tremulousness, and asymmetries in reflexive behavior. These results indicate that characteristic damage does occur to the central nervous system of a fetus exposed to alcohol throughout pregnancy, and that exposure during only the early part of pregnancy also seems to have measurable effects. Multivariate analysis indicated that neither amount of alcohol used per week nor cigarette use contributed significantly to these effects on infant behavior. PMID- 3904512 TI - Liquid/air partition coefficients of acetaldehyde: values and limitations in estimating blood concentrations from analysis of breath. AB - We report liquid/air partition coefficients for dilute solutions of acetaldehyde in water, saline (0.9% wt/vol NaCl), human plasma, and corn oil. Equilibrium was studied at 34 degrees C and 37 degrees C with various concentrations of acetaldehyde in the liquid phases. At 37 degrees C, the liquid/air partition ratios for water, saline, plasma, and oil were 143 +/- 7.1, 132 +/- 6.6, 183 +/- 3.6, and 64 +/- 9.9 (mean +/- SE), respectively. At 34 degrees C, all the values were higher and the temperature coefficients of solubility were 3.7%, 3.3%, and 4.0% per 1 degree C for water, saline, and plasma solutions of acetaldehyde, respectively. The partition coefficients were independent of the concentration of acetaldehyde in the liquids, and the solubility was higher in water than in oil. The results are discussed with emphasis on the usefulness of expired breath as a biological specimen for the quantitative determination of acetaldehyde. PMID- 3904513 TI - Cyclic fluctuation in alcohol consumption among female social drinkers. AB - The main objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between menstrual cycle phase and alcohol use in female social drinkers. Sixty-nine normally menstruating women monitored alcohol consumption and basal body temperature daily over three consecutive menstrual cycles. Temperature charts were used to ascertain five cycle phases (menstrual, postmenstrual, ovulatory, luteal, and premenstrual) and data were analyzed using single-group repeated measures analysis of variance. Whereas frequency of alcohol use did not vary among the five cycle phases, quantity of alcohol consumed significantly fluctuated and peaked in the luteal phase. These data suggest that female drinking patterns may be influenced by hormonal fluctuations associated with the menstrual cycle. PMID- 3904514 TI - Increased blood acetate: a new laboratory marker of alcoholism and heavy drinking. AB - Blood acetate concentration of 51 intoxicated patients was measured and compared to conventional laboratory markers of chronic alcoholism. Mean blood acetate concentration of 23 chronic alcoholics and 17 heavy drinkers was significantly (p less than 0.0005) higher than that of 53 nonalcoholic volunteers or 11 occasional drinkers. Blood acetate level was completely independent of blood ethanol concentration ranging from 0.20 to 2.90 promille. Blood acetate was elevated in 65% of both chronic alcoholics and heavy drinkers. Gammaglutamyltransferase was abnormal only in 35%, aspartate aminotransferase in 21% and mean corpuscular volume in 12% of heavy drinkers. Combination (acetate + gammaglutamyltransferase) correctly detected 87% of alcoholics and 71% of heavy drinkers. During ethanol oxidation the upper normal limit of blood acetate is 0.75 mM. The specificity of increased blood acetate is as high as 92%. Increased blood acetate is indicative for metabolic tolerance to alcohol and it may be so far the most sensitive and specific laboratory marker of chronic alcoholism and heavy drinking. PMID- 3904515 TI - Franz Kuhn. His contribution to anaesthesia. AB - The history of tracheal intubation has been described before, but earlier accounts have overlooked several aspects and, in particular, the part played by Kuhn, who also deserves to be recognised for a number of other original contributions to anaesthesia. PMID- 3904516 TI - Conservative management of intra-operative cuff puncture in a bronchial tube. PMID- 3904517 TI - [Prospects of psychological preparation for surgery]. AB - Based on the assumption that anxiety has constructive elements in coping with a threatening situation, a model of psychological preparation for surgery is offered. The components of this model have been provided as useful in the psychological treatment of anxiety disorders. It was suggested to enable the patient to a co-operate more actively with his preparation and recovery process. However even in a balanced individual psychological or/and pharmacological preparation for surgery does not compensate for an individual and psychological postoperative care. PMID- 3904518 TI - [Effects of ventilation with various end expiratory pressures on extravascular lung water following extracorporeal circulation]. AB - The influence of ventilation with different endexpiratory pressure (0, 5, 10 cm H2O) on extravascular lung water (EVLW) in the period immediately after extracorporeal circulation (ECC) was investigated in a total of 35 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. Lung water measurement was performed by using the thermal-green dye double indicator dilution technique with indocyanine green and a microprocessed lung water computer. Ventilation with a moderate PEEP-level (5 cm H2O) led to an intensive reduction in lung water content, whereas EVLW-reduction was less pronounced, when higher PEEP-level (10 cm H2O) was applied. No significant relationship to various hemodynamic parameters, especially pulmonary artery pressure (PAP), pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) or pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) could be seen. PMID- 3904519 TI - [Use of high frequency jet ventilation in extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy]. AB - High frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) was used in 68 patients which were treated with extracorporal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) because of stone diseases in the upper urinary tract. The question was whether HFJV in combination with a semiclosed conventional circle system offered a practicable and safe technique to minimize the oscillations which are proportional to the applied tidal volume and to the diaphragmatic movements. With IPPV the mean distance of the stone movement was 32 mm, whereas with the application of HFJV the stones oscillated around their resting position within limits of 2 to 3 mm (ventilation frequency: 200 300/min, driving pressure: 0.6-1.1 bar, tidal volume: 3-8 1/min). The effectiveness of HFJV was monitored by the end-tidal carbon dioxide tension (PeCO2) during intermittently conventional ventilation with "adequate" tidal volumes (TV 15 ml/kg bw). The correlation between PeCO2 and simultaneous measured PaCO2 was r = 0,91. The application of HFJV enhances the efficiency of ESWL. So the treatment of stones of the upper urinary tract can be varied by more subtle dosage of the incoming shock wave energy and by stabilisation of the stones in the underlying ellipsoid of the energy focus. PMID- 3904520 TI - The development of a microimmunoadsorbent assay and a microdialysis method for the evaluation of immunoadsorbent efficiency and antibody quantitation. AB - A microimmunoadsorbent assay which provides for the quantitative elution and recovery of active antibody from immunoaffinity columns has been developed. We have also designed a microdialysis chamber which permits the dialysis of sample volumes from 50 to 500 microliters and allows quantitative recovery of macromolecular compounds. These techniques permit the rapid evaluation of a large number of eluants and immunoadsorbents in a short period of time. The microimmunoadsorbent assay coupled with the microdialysis method has been used to evaluate the efficacy of different anti-isopentenyl adenosine immunoadsorbents under various elution conditions. In the present study the best eluants for immunoaffinity purification of anti-N6-(delta 2-isopentenyl)adenosine antibody contained 15% pyridine in a sodium phosphate buffer or 4 M imidazole-HCl at pH 10.0. PMID- 3904521 TI - Immunocytochemical localization of uteroglobin in the rabbit endometrium. AB - Uteroglobin, the progesterone dependent pregnancy-characteristic endometrial protein in the rabbit, is found within the endometrial epithelium on the fourth and sixth day of pregnancy at the electron-microscopic level by use of the immunoperoxidase technique and a specific anti-uteroglobin serum from the sheep. As known from earlier studies, uteroglobin is the predominant protein synthesized of the endometrial secretion. In the present study, it is localized exclusively in the non-ciliated epithelial cells. A common route of secretory proteins within these cells is observed by uteroglobin labelling: rough endoplasmatic reticulum-- -Golgi complex----condensing vesicles----secretory products. Uteroglobin occurs in small vesicles on the trans-face of the Golgi complex, and in addition beneath the apical plasma membrane where it appears in membrane-bound vesicles, which apparently are extruded into the uterine lumen. Most of the uteroglobin is located in the luminal secretion. The distribution of intracellular uteroglobin is found only in cells of the basal endometrial gland, adjacent to the myometrium. The cytoplasm of uterine epithelial cells facing the cavum does not show uteroglobin reaction products. PMID- 3904522 TI - The distribution of native albumin and foreign albumin injected into lateral ventricles of prenatal and neonatal rat forebrains. AB - Several plasma proteins are found within the cells of the developing brain of many species, with a distribution pattern which changes during development, but the origin of such proteins is in dispute. The experiments described here were designed to test the hypothesis that some developing brain cells are able to take up plasma proteins. The distribution of the plasma protein albumin has been studied in the rat forebrain from the 14th day of gestation until birth. Although present within the cerebrospinal fluid and plasma from the earliest age studied, albumin was not seen within cells of the developing forebrain until day 16E or 17E. A foreign protein, sheep albumin, was injected into the ventricles at days 14E, 16E, 18E, 20E and on the day of birth. Sheep albumin can be detected in the presence of rat albumin because the antibody to sheep albumin does not cross react with rat albumin. The sheep albumin was taken up very rapidly into cells of the ventricular zone at the later but not the earlier ages, thus mimicking the distribution of the naturally occurring rat albumin. After the foreign albumin had been left within the ventricle for several hours, some of the cells of the cortical plate also contained the protein, again mimicking the normal distribution of albumin. These findings suggest that the presence of albumin within cells of the developing rat forebrain can largely be attributed to uptake rather than synthesis. PMID- 3904523 TI - Electron microscopic immunocytochemical localization of glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide in rat pancreas: characterization of a population of islet cells containing both peptides. AB - The distribution of glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide was studied immunocytochemically in rat pancreas at both light and electron microscopic levels. My earlier observation that these two peptides are distributed in three cell types--cells containing glucagon, cells containing pancreatic polypeptide, and cells containing both--was confirmed at the electron microscopic level. In the glucagon-pancreatic polypeptide cells, the immunoreactivities of the two peptides were present in the same secretion granules. In addition, these glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide-containing granules were morphologically distinct from glucagon granules but similar to pancreatic polypeptide granules and somatostatin granules. PMID- 3904524 TI - On the interaction of bull and boar acrosins with the zona pellucida of different mammalian species in vitro. AB - Acrosin was prepared from boar and bull spermatozoa and its lytic effect in vitro on the zona pellucida of mouse, golden hamster, rabbit, pig and cow was investigated. Depending upon the species studied, ovarian oocytes, ovulated oocytes and preimplantation embryos were obtained for the experiments. While in golden hamster and rabbit the zona pellucida was removed by both acrosins, this effect was absent for bull acrosin in cow and mouse eggs and for boar acrosin in pig and mouse eggs. In those species in which the zona pellucida was not removed by the acrosins after an incubation period of 2 hours even a prolongation up to 24 hours with higher amounts of acrosin, the addition of acrosomal extracts to the incubation buffer (Tyrode solution pH 7.2) or an increase of the pH value up to 8.6 of the acrosin solution had no effect upon the zona pellucida. Our results indicate that at least in vitro, acrosin does not possess the capacity to lyse the zona pellucida in a species specific fashion. Since the lytic effect of boar and bull acrosin on the zona pellucida of ovarian oocytes and preimplantation embryos is not different from that on ovulated oocytes it can be assumed that neither the maturation of the zona pellucida during oogenesis nor its modification after fertilization, change the susceptibility of the zona pellucida to acrosin digestion. PMID- 3904525 TI - Possible vascular effects of an LH-RH agonist on the peripheral circulation of the rat testes. AB - The single injection of an LH-RH agonist caused severe damage to the rat testis within 24 hours. Especially the seminiferous tubules appear to be affected whereby these effects are thought to be secondary to vascular effects of LH-RH agonists. PMID- 3904527 TI - Continuous positive airway pressure: to breathe or not to breathe. PMID- 3904526 TI - Demonstration of an anionic acrosin inhibitor in spermatozoa epididymal fluid and seminal plasma of the boar. AB - A new anionic acrosin inhibitor was found in an acidic extract of boar spermatozoa. The protein was purified by hydrophobic and ion exchange chromatography. According to gel filtration and SDS-electrophoresis the inhibitor preparation shows a molecular mass of Mr approximately 6000-7000 daltons. The isoelectric point is close to pH 4.5. It is an effective inhibitor of boar acrosin and bovine trypsin, but it does not inhibit porcine plasmin and pancreatic kallikrein or bovine chymotrypsin. An inhibitor with identical properties was found in high concentration (97% of the total acrosin inhibiting activity) in the fluid of cauda epididymis and also as a minor acrosin inhibiting component (2% of total acrosin inhibiting activity) in seminal plasma. The results indicate that binding of the inhibitor to spermatozoa may have taken place in the epididymis. PMID- 3904528 TI - Inspiratory work with and without continuous positive airway pressure in patients with acute respiratory failure. AB - To compare the effects of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) with those of ambient end-expiratory pressure (T-tube) on lung mechanics and blood gas exchange, transpulmonary pressure (Ptp), tidal volume (VT), respiratory frequency, and arterial oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions were measured in 16 spontaneously breathing patients recovering from acute respiratory failure. These variables were measured during breathing through a T-tube; with 18, 12, and 6 cmH2O CPAP; and again during breathing through a T-tube. During all levels of CPAP, mean effective lung compliance (Ceff) was higher and mean total pulmonary power during inspiration lower than during breathing through a T-tube before CPAP (P less than 0.05). The data obtained at the level of CPAP producing maximum Ceff (optimum CPAP) were grouped and compared with values obtained during breathing through a T-tube. Mean total pulmonary power of inspiratory muscles during breathing through a T-tube before CPAP (0.7 +/- 0.14 kg X m X min-1) decreased during optimum CPAP (0.44 +/- 0.07 kg X m X min-1) and increased during breathing through a T-tube after CPAP (0.63 +/- 0.12 kg X m X min-1). Mean VT was higher (557 +/- 63 ml vs. 474 +/- 47 ml) and frequency lower (17.5 +/- 1.6 breaths/min vs. 22.5 +/- 2.5 breaths/min) during optimum CPAP than during breathing through a T-tube before CPAP, and inspiratory time was significantly longer. Mean minute ventilation was also lower during optimum CPAP (8.7 +/- 0.6 1/min) than during breathing through a T-tube (9.6 +/- 0.8 1/min); Paco2 did not change significantly. Mean alveolar-to-arterial oxygen pressure difference decreased significantly during optimum CPAP. The authors conclude that CPAP, when adjusted to the appropriate levels, improves lung mechanics in patients recovering from acute respiratory failure. Continuous positive airway pressure reduces total pulmonary power during inspiration and at the same time improves oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange. In these respects, it is preferable to breathing through a T-tube without CPAP. PMID- 3904529 TI - Transesophageal echocardiographic dimensional analysis of four cardiac chambers during positive end-expiratory pressure. AB - The authors examined the effects of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) on cardiac function by dimensional analysis of the four heart chambers using M-mode transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). The accuracy of cardiac output (CO) calculated from TEE was confirmed by its close correlation (r = 0.97) with CO, determined by the thermodilution technique. The reliability of TEE also was confirmed by excellent correlation (r = 0.95) between left ventricular end diastolic (LVEDD) and end-systolic (LVESD) dimensions measured by the two dimensional precordial echocardiography and those by TEE. With 10 cmH2O PEEP LVEDD decreased from its level during zero end-expiratory pressure (ZEEP), and the calculated stroke volume also decreased. These decreases were greater during 15 cmH2O PEEP, where heart rate increased slightly but significantly. Ejection fraction (EF) and fractional shortening (FS), as a whole, did not change significantly. Mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening (mean Vcf) significantly increased and LVESD significantly decreased with PEEP. Although systolic blood pressure (SBP) significantly decreased, the (SBP-PEEP value)/LVESD ratio was not changed with PEEP. Such measures of left ventricular systolic function as EF, FS, mean Vcf, and (SBP-PEEP value)/LVESD were not decreased. Right ventricular end-diastolic dimension decreased with PEEP. Right atrial end diastolic dimension began to decrease immediately after PEEP was initiated, whereas left atrial end-diastolic dimension began to decrease a few seconds later, suggesting that left ventricular preload decreased as a result of a decrease in right ventricular preload. The authors therefore conclude that CO was decreased as a result of the decrease in right and left ventricular preloads. PMID- 3904530 TI - An esophageal stethoscope cuff torn by K-wire. PMID- 3904531 TI - [Pulmonary gas exchange and oxygen transport and utilization during artificial pulmonary ventilation with positive end-expiratory pressure in patients following the radical correction of tetralogy of Fallot]. PMID- 3904532 TI - [A method for the combined traditional and high-frequency jet injection ventilation of the lungs]. PMID- 3904533 TI - [Surgical anesthesia during World War II and modern military anesthesiology]. PMID- 3904534 TI - [On the 60th birthday of Hans Engelbrecht]. PMID- 3904535 TI - The clinical spectrum of tricuspid regurgitation detected by pulsed Doppler echocardiography. AB - The clinical diagnosis of tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is often difficult. Two dimensional pulsed Doppler echocardiography offers a sensitive and specific method for detecting and semi-quantitating tricuspid regurgitation. The clinical, radiographic, radionuclide, echocardiographic, and when available, the right cardiac catheterization findings were evaluated in 36 patients with a diagnosis of tricuspid regurgitation by pulsed Doppler. Ten healthy subjects served as controls. The underlying cardiac cause was rheumatic heart disease in 7 (20%), ischemic heart disease in 12 (33%), dilated cardiomyopathy in 5 (14%), hypertensive heart disease in 2 (5%), aortic valve stenosis and/or regurgitation in 3 (8%), mitral valve prolapse with mitral regurgitation in 1 (3%), and congenital heart disease in 6 (17%). Seven patients (19%) had a temporary or permanent transvenous right ventricular pacing wire. A systolic murmur was heard in 29 patients (81%) with 16 (46%) having an elevated jugular venous pressure. Tricuspid regurgitation was clinically suspected in only 2 patients (6%). Isolated tricuspid regurgitation was uncommon, seen in 6 patients (17%), and usually secondary to congenital heart disease, ischemic heart disease, with the use of a transvenous pacing wire and following mitral valve replacement. Right cardiac catheterization was performed in 10 patients, of which 7 demonstrated elevated right atrial and pulmonary artery pressure. Pulsed Doppler echocardiography offers a practical and accurate method of detecting and evaluating the severity of tricuspid regurgitation. Tricuspid regurgitation is generally a functional disorder, and frequently occurs in association with left sided valvular heart disease, cardiomyopathy or congenital heart disease. PMID- 3904536 TI - Uncommon presentation of pheochromocytoma: case studies. AB - Twelve patients with pheochromocytoma have shown unusual clinical and laboratory presentation. These include three patients with cardiac manifestations (sick sinus syndrome, obstructive cardiomyopathy and ischemic ECG changes). Two patients with gastrointestinal problems (acute abdomen due to ischemic bowel and constipation). One child with sudden blindness and one, non diabetic patient with polyuria. Laboratory findings included four patients with diabetes mellitus, four patients with hypercalcemia two of them with concomitant hyperreninemia and one patient with hypokalemia. Awareness of the illness leads to the discovery of unusual cases and even a most severely sick patient can make a complete recovery. PMID- 3904537 TI - Carotid artery assessment with continuous wave Doppler ultrasound, comparison of two methods with angiography. AB - A comparison of two non-invasive techniques of evaluation of the internal carotid artery in the neck with the results of angiography was carried out in 31 patients. The techniques were, spectral analysis of the doppler signals obtained from the common, internal and external arteries and, velocity waveform analysis of the common carotid analogue signal, in both methods a continuous wave doppler ultrasound velocimeter was used. With the spectral analysis technique sensitivity was 80% and specificity was 78% for a diagnosis of internal carotid stenosis of greater than 50% diameter reduction. For a diagnosis of 20% or greater, sensitivity was 82% and specificity 85%. Sensitivity may have been underestimated in this study because the angiographic technique used in 22 of the 31 patients was the intravenous digital subtraction method. In our hands velocity waveform analysis of the common carotid analogue signal while showing a similar sensitivity to the spectral analysis method had an unacceptably low specificity. PMID- 3904538 TI - Cystic adventitial degeneration as a cause of dynamic stenosis of the popliteal artery: a case report. AB - Cystic adventitial degeneration, which is generally localized in the popliteal artery, leads to a dynamic, exercise-dependent flow inhibition. The cysts of the adventitia, which increase in size with exercise, cause an increasing degree of stenosis which can be completely reversed after a longer period if rest. Angiographic presentation may therefore be misleading. Functional examination with Doppler sonography is able to identify the obstruction in such cases. Resection of the involved vessel and restoration of flow by interposition of a vein graft is the therapy of first choice. PMID- 3904539 TI - Necrobiosis lipoidica: treatment with porcine dressings, split-thickness skin grafts and pressure garments. A case report and review of treatment modalities. AB - A 39-year old nondiabetic female had severely ulcerated necrobiosis lipoidica of the legs which was refractory to medical management for 2 1/2 years. Surgical management with porcine grafting followed by autologous split-thickness skin grafts successfully healed these ulcerations. With the use of custom-fitted contoured pads and pressure gradient stockings, the grafts have remained intact for 2 1/2 years, and there has been significant improvement of the nonulcerated plaques. PMID- 3904540 TI - In defense of the lung: paradoxical role of the pulmonary alveolar macrophage. PMID- 3904541 TI - Interactions between food antigens and the immune system in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal diseases. AB - This review details the evidence that interactions between food antigens and the immune system may play a role in the pathogenesis of several gastrointestinal diseases. In immediate hypersensitivity reactions to foods involving the gastrointestinal system, in milk-induced gastrointestinal disease in infants and children, and in some forms of hypereosinophilic gastroenteritis, the evidence for the participation of food antigens is extensive. Gluten-induced enteropathy and some forms of dermatitis herpetiformis are also induced by defined food proteins where the response is specific and characteristic. The role of food antigens in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease is unclear, and warrants further studies. PMID- 3904542 TI - In memoriam: Jerome Glaser, MD, 1898-1985. PMID- 3904543 TI - Comparison of intravenous and oral routes of theophylline loading in acute asthma. AB - In a prospective, randomized clinical trial, 19 patients with an acute exacerbation of asthma were given a loading dose of aminophylline by the IV (n = 10) or oral route (n = 9) of administration following treatment with epinephrine. Plasma concentrations of theophylline were measured prior to giving the loading dose, and one, two, three, and 24 to 48 hours later. Therapeutic effectiveness was evaluated by analyzing spirometric measurements prior to giving the loading dose, and one, three, and 24 to 48 hours later. Side effects also were recorded. In the IV group, the mean peak plasma theophylline concentration was 15.1 micrograms/mL one hour after loading, and in the oral group the mean peak serum theophylline concentration was 14.2 micrograms/mL three hours after loading. There was no correlation between theophylline concentrations and normalized change in spirometric values. There was no significant difference in spirometric values between the IV and oral groups. Nausea was slightly more common in the IV group. We conclude that there is no therapeutic advantage to giving a loading dose of aminophylline by the IV route rather than orally in patients with mild-to moderate exacerbation of asthma initially treated with epinephrine. PMID- 3904544 TI - Doppler ultrasound failure. PMID- 3904545 TI - Effects of Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin, atropine, clonidine, and morphine on chloride efflux from isolated enterocytes. AB - The effects of Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin (ST) on chloride efflux rate were investigated in 3 fractions of enterocytes isolated in a villus-to crypt gradient from porcine jejunum. There was no difference in chloride efflux rates between mature and immature cells from controls. Heat-stable enterotoxin significantly increased chloride efflux in all fractions. Morphine inhibited ST augmented secretion in mature enterocytes. Atropine or clonidine had no effect. Calcium efflux rates and glucose or glutamic acid metabolism were not altered by ST. The results indicate that ST may stimulate chloride secretion in both villus and crypt cells and that opiates inhibit intestinal secretion by a direct action on villus epithelial cells. PMID- 3904546 TI - Comparison of suture materials and suture patterns for inverting intestinal anastomosis of the jejunum in the horse. AB - In 7 horses, 4 anastomoses were done in the small intestine in each, using the combinations of synthetic absorbable monofilament and multifilament suture materials with continuous- and interrupted-suture patterns in the serosubmucosal layer of a 2-layer inverting-suture technique. Horses were evaluated 30 days after the operation for adhesion formation, lumen diameter, evidence of chronic obstruction, and suture tract inflammation at the anastomosis. Postoperative obstruction occurred in 5 of the 7 horses, and 6 horses survived. One horse was euthanatized on postoperative day 6 after 48 hours of ileus and obstruction; necropsy revealed a partial intussusception involving the anastomosis done with continuous multifilament-suture material. Two other horses that became obstructed between postoperative days 3 and 5 had protracted ileus and gastric reflux up to 48 hours' duration, but survived. Horses that had obstruction after the 6th postoperative day recovered within 4 hours of onset. The continuous inverting suture pattern in the serosubmucosal layer resulted in significantly (P less than 0.05) fewer adhesions than did the interrupted pattern, and suture material had no effect on adhesion formation. There was no significant difference in the percentage of reduction of lumen diameter between the variations of the 2-layer technique, and there was no evidence of chronic obstruction related to any of the anastomoses. Suture tract inflammation was moderate in the anastomoses, using continuous-multifilament suture, with neutrophils being the predominant cell type. The anastomoses with continuous-monofilament suture had mild inflammation with focal accumulations of neutrophils. Minimal inflammation was associated with both types of suture in the interrupted pattern. PMID- 3904547 TI - Effect of intrauterine infusion of Escherichia coli endotoxin in postpartum pony mares. AB - Fifteen pony mares were assigned to 1 of 3 treatment groups after foaling: Group 1, 35 ml of sterile saline solution was infused into the uterine lumen within 24 hours after parturition (6 mares); group 2, 300 mg of Escherichia coli endotoxin was infused into the uterine lumen within 24 hours after parturition (6 mares); and group 3, 300 mg of E coli endotoxin was infused into the uterine lumen between 72 and 96 hours after parturition (3 mares). Rectal temperatures were taken at -1, -0.5, 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, and 5 hours after treatment. Venous blood samples were also taken at these times for routine WBC counts. Data were analyzed as a repeated measurement design with linear and quadratic orthogonal contrasts performed where significant time and interaction with time occurred. Pretreatment averages of total WBC and neutrophil counts were compared with their nadir posttreatment averages by a t test when treatment-by-time interaction was significant for the parameter. Rectal temperature (37.9 +/- 0.1 C) remained stable and did not vary among treatment groups after intrauterine infusions. In contrast, total WBC and neutrophil counts did vary among treatment groups across time. However, for treatment groups 1 and 3, neither blood total WBC count nor neutrophil count after intrauterine infusions was different from pretreatment observations. In group 2, total WBC count decreased (P less than 0.10) from a pretreatment average of 11.5 +/- 0.4 X 10(3) cells/mm3 to a nadir concentration of 10.0 +/- 0.6 X 10(3) cells/mm3 by 60 minutes after infusion of endotoxin into the uterus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3904548 TI - The National Institutes of Health Intermittent Positive-Pressure Breathing trial: pathology studies. I. Interrelationship between morphologic lesions. AB - We examined the lungs from 48 autopsied patients in the National Institutes of Health Intermittent Positive-Pressure Breathing trial who had moderately severe and severe chronic airflow obstruction. Compared with control patients without heart or lung disease, IPPB patients had mucous gland enlargement and increased muscle and decreased cartilage in bronchi. Most patients had severe emphysema. The bronchioles were narrower and more irregular in shape than in the control subjects. Bronchiolar inflammation, increased muscle and goblet cell metaplasia were moderately severe. Bronchioles had a higher proportion of muscle in younger control subjects than they did in older control subjects. A wide variation in severity of lesions in bronchi and bronchioles was observed. Correlations between lesions were of relatively low order. Mucous gland enlargement was negatively related to one measurement of emphysema and negatively related to bronchial eosinophilia. Mucous gland enlargement was not related to bronchial or bronchiolar inflammation or to bronchiolar narrowing. Emphysema was associated with decreased central airway muscle, decreased bronchial eosinophilia, increased bronchiolar narrowing, and distortion in the shape of bronchiolar lumens. Interrelationships between bronchiolar lesions were primarily between measurements of dimensions, and there was no relationship between bronchiolar narrowing and bronchiolar inflammation or fibrosis. Bronchiolar muscle was positively related to regularity of bronchiolar shape. We conclude that although lesions in the bronchi and bronchioles and parenchyma (emphysema) are easily demonstrable in patients with moderate and severe chronic air-flow obstruction, they vary widely in severity. The interrelationships are not strong, suggesting that relationships are due to a common etiologic agent, tobacco smoke.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3904549 TI - The National Institutes of Health Intermittent Positive-Pressure Breathing trial: pathology studies. II. Correlation between morphologic findings, clinical findings, and evidence of expiratory air-flow obstruction. AB - We examined the lungs of 48 patients who died in the National Institutes of Health clinical trial of Intermittent Positive-Pressure Breathing. Bronchial lesions were not related either to clinical features or to tests of expiratory flow. In particular, bronchial muscle was not related to the response to bronchodilators or to the variability of flow rates. The degree of emphysema was well related to loss of body weight and was also positively related to right ventricular hypertrophy. It was also the major morphologic correlate of abnormal tests of expiratory flow, the slope of phase III of the single-breath nitrogen test, and increased residual volume. Emphysema was negatively related to bronchodilator response and variability of expiratory flow. The proportion of bronchioles less than 400 microns in diameter and a measurement of irregular bronchiolar shape were related to dyspnea and increased PaCO2 and were also related to abnormal tests of expiratory flow, phase III of the single-breath nitrogen test, and residual volume. The presence of increased muscle and fibrosis in the bronchioles appeared beneficial, being associated with a higher PaO2, a lower PaCO2, less edema, less right ventricular hypertrophy, better flow rates, and lower residual volumes. This may reflect the fact that airways with increased muscle and fibrosis are less markedly narrowed and less distorted. Goblet cell metaplasia appeared to be an important variable, independent of others, and was related to airway resistance. We divided patients into 3 groups according to severity of emphysema, and then into 2 subgroups of lower and higher flow rates in each category.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3904550 TI - The spectrum of peritonitis in renal transplant recipients. AB - Peritonitis in immunosuppressed renal transplant recipients continues to be associated with a high mortality. Twenty-four patients with intraperitoneal infections were identified in 542 consecutive renal transplant recipients over a period of 15 years (4.4%). Sixteen of the 24 (66.6%) died as a result of these infections. Transplant wound sepsis and the complications and surgery of gastrointestinal diseases accounted for the majority of instances. During the period 1980-1983 only four cases occurred with no episodes being due to wound complications. Symptoms and signs were vague and nonspecific, and in three patients the diagnosis was made only at autopsy. Surgery aimed to eliminate the septic focus with the drainage of abscesses and the avoidance of large bowel anastomoses. In 22 patients, a polymicrobial flora was obtained from the contaminated peritoneal cavity, with an average of 2.25 organisms per patient. These data suggest that the prohibitive mortality of peritonitis in renal transplant recipients may be lowered by prophylactic gastrointestinal surgery prior to transplantation, as well as by measures designed to lower the incidence of transplant wound sepsis. Peritoneal lavage, computed tomography, and laparotomy in the face of an undiagnosed source for sepsis may be warranted in these high-risk patients. PMID- 3904551 TI - Autotransfusion in hepatic transplantation. AB - Hepatic transplantation is often accompanied by a large volume of intraoperative blood loss which may place extraordinary transfusion demands on a community blood bank. In an effort to conserve blood bank resources, intraoperative autotransfusion has recently been used in our adult patients undergoing orthotopic hepatic transplantation. A group of seven patients receiving autotransfusion was studied and compared to another group of five patients who did not receive autotransfusion. In spite of receiving more blood during the transplant procedure, the autotransfusion group required a mean of 7.9 units less banked blood. Post-transplant transfusion requirements and bleeding complications were similar in both groups. Hematocrit and total bilirubin were not adversely affected, while transient elevation of BUN and serum creatinine appeared to be unrelated to the salvage process. This procedure was found to be safe and cost effective, while conserving blood bank resources. PMID- 3904552 TI - A clamp for transplant nephrectomy. AB - A special clamp with long serrated atraumatic jaws has been designed to provide control of the hilar structure during transplant nephrectomy operation. PMID- 3904553 TI - The Eck-Pavlov connection. AB - In 1877, N. V. Eck described the surgical creation of a fistula between the inferior vena cava and the portal vein in a dog. At the same time he suggested that this operation might be of use in humans for the treatment of ascites. But it was not until more than 50 years later that A. O. Whipple's report of his experience with Eck's operation ushered in the so-called modern era of the portacaval shunt. While there has been sporadic reports about various phases of Eck's life, most reference books do not even give the date of his death, and some references disagree as to the date of his birth. He has been mistakenly placed among the physiologists rather than the surgeons of Russia, and while quoted as a "brilliant student," he has been accused of being "ill-suited" to his profession by the same source. For his intense interest in other areas such as mining and geology, he is depicted as an erratic man who sought something he probably never found. It is said that for 13 years he was divorced from medicine and surgery, when in fact it was during this period that he performed the only clinical portocaval shunt of his career (and it was successful). Unable to find answers to many questions concerning the 59 years of this man's life in the Western world, a recent trip to Leningrad by the author was informative, interesting, and even surprising. Eck's rarely quoted connection with I. P. Pavlov was more than just an acquaintance, and the famed "Eck-fistula" of the Western world is known as the "Eck-Pavlov shunt" in Leningrad. PMID- 3904554 TI - Median sternotomy infection. Management and reconstruction. AB - Median sternotomy infections are a difficult and potentially lethal problem. Three patients are presented who manifested variations of this clinical problem, and techniques to treat this complication are described. Successful management entails maximum debridement, elimination of mediastinal dead space utilizing omental or pectoralis major muscle flaps, adjunctive systemic antibiotics, closed irrigation systems, and reconstruction of chest wall stability. PMID- 3904555 TI - Automated respiratory monitoring in sepsis. AB - The automated respiratory profile allows rapid computation of all the various pulmonary parameters, hence early diagnosis of A.R.D.S. in patients prone to develop that syndrome, as well as sequential follow-up of progression of pulmonary disease. Extubation is unlikely in patients whose (A-a) DO2, QS/Qt, and VD/VT remained higher than 500 mm Hg, 25% and 0.6 respectively. PMID- 3904556 TI - [Hepatic abscess in a newborn infant]. PMID- 3904557 TI - [Intrarenal abscess in childhood. Use of percutaneous aspiration with echography]. PMID- 3904558 TI - [Diagnosis of autoimmune diseases in hematology]. PMID- 3904559 TI - Blood pressure response to oral calcium in persons with mild to moderate hypertension. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. AB - The blood pressure response of 48 hypertensive persons and 32 normotensive persons to elemental calcium (as the carbonate or citrate salt), 1000 mg/d for 8 weeks, was assessed in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. Compared with placebo, Ca2+ significantly lowered supine systolic blood pressure by 3.8 mm Hg, standing systolic blood pressure by 5.6 mm Hg (p less than 0.02), and supine diastolic blood pressure by 2.3 mm Hg (p less than 0.05) in hypertensive persons. The response in normotensive persons differed significantly from that in hypertensives (p less than 0.03) as their blood pressure was unchanged. Twenty-one (44%) hypertensive and 6 (19%) normotensive persons achieved a reduction in standing systolic arterial pressure of 10 mm Hg or greater. Reported adverse effects were similar between calcium and placebo phases and did not necessitate withdrawal of any patient from the trial. Treatment with 1000 mg/d of oral Ca2+ for 8 weeks represents a safe, well-tolerated, nonpharmacologic intervention that lowers blood pressure in selected patients with mild to moderate hypertension. PMID- 3904560 TI - Streptococcus agalactiae endocarditis: an association with villous adenomas of the large intestine. PMID- 3904561 TI - UCLA conference. Infertility in the male. AB - Male infertility is a common and distressing problem in which reproductive abnormalities frequently play an important role. Assessment requires an understanding of the control of spermatogenesis and factors responsible for normal sperm function. Standard tests for assessment of semen quality frequently fail to detect impaired function, but newer tests are now available to measure sperm movement and their ability to penetrate the ovum. Algorithmic approaches based on laboratory data can be used to characterize subgroups of infertile men, but many patients have subtle abnormalities. Treatment of male infertility is ideally directed to a specific pathogenic mechanism; nonspecific therapies have produced disappointing results. Surgery is indicated for certain types of ductal obstruction, but whether internal spermatic vein ligation should be used to treat varicocele remains uncertain. PMID- 3904562 TI - Cardiopulmonary arrest. Pathophysiology and neurologic complications. AB - Cardiopulmonary arrest is a test of the brain's tolerance to global ischemia. New insights into the pathophysiology of global ischemia have led to the potential use of early prophylactic anticonvulsants, hypothermia, barbiturate coma, glucose manipulations, calcium-blocking agents, and hemodilution. A wide spectrum of neurologic sequelae may follow global ischemia, ranging from brain death, vegetative states, and impairment of higher intellectual function to syndromes of amnesia and cortical blindness, post-anoxic myoclonus, delayed leukoencephalopathy, and spinal stroke. The distinctive features of these sequelae and their pathophysiologic aspects are discussed. Special attention is given to brain death and prognostication. PMID- 3904563 TI - The treatment advice of a computer-based cancer chemotherapy protocol advisor. AB - ONCOCIN is a chemotherapy protocol advisor used experimentally in a university oncology clinic. The program combines formal protocol guidelines with judgments of oncologists who have experience adjusting therapy in complex clinical situations. We compared the chemotherapy administered by clinic physicians with the treatment that would have been recommended by ONCOCIN in 415 visits for 39 patients with lymphoma seen before the program's introduction. In 189 visits the program agreed with the therapy actually administered. In a blinded evaluation, four experts on lymphoma failed to find a significant difference between the treatments selected by physicians and those proposed by ONCOCIN. Further analyses showed that ONCOCIN tended to attenuate drug doses or delay treatment more than the experts recommended, whereas the physicians were less likely to attenuate doses to the extent the experts suggested. Our results show that ONCOCIN provides advice on lymphoma treatment similar to the treatment provided in a university oncology clinic. PMID- 3904564 TI - Clinical industrial toxicology. An approach to information retrieval. AB - Exposure to hazardous chemicals often occurs in the workplace. Workers and health care providers may have little knowledge of the health effects of these substances. An algorithm was developed to outline a logical approach to toxicologic information retrieval. Printed material and information sources such as government agencies, manufacturers, unions, and poison control centers should be consulted as a first step. If additional information is needed, telecommunications systems provide access to online databases. Aspects of databases most likely to provide useful information on toxic exposures are described. PMID- 3904565 TI - Obesity, atherosclerosis, and coronary artery disease. AB - Although several risk factors for heart disease including high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, and lipid and lipoprotein abnormalities are associated with overweight, overweight is not consistently associated with coronary heart disease risk. Some prospective studies of white men (life insurance cohorts, airline pilots, cancer study volunteers, and the Framingham population) have shown a positive linear relationship of weight to coronary heart disease. Other epidemiologic studies show a negative association, no association, a U-shaped relationship, or a threshold effect. The inconsistencies do not appear to be explained by differences in the definition or distribution of obesity, duration of follow-up, or risk factor distribution. Neither misclassification bias nor confounding by cigarette smoking or chronic disease appears to explain the inconsistencies. No known protective effect of obesity could explain these divergent findings. Inconsistent results with regard to the nature, strength, and linearity of the association between obesity and atherosclerosis do not support the hypothesis that obesity causes atherosclerosis, despite its biological plausibility. PMID- 3904566 TI - [Antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli. Importance of the resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole]. AB - Antimicrobial sensitivities, especially trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, were studied in all clinical isolates of Escherichia coli in an intensive care unit for over 18 months. Twenty-four per cent of strains were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Combined resistance to ampicillin +/- chloramphenicol (+/- tetracycline) and streptomycin (+/- kanamycin) with resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was demonstrated. These data confirm the previously reported increasing trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resistance which is probably plasmid-mediated and specify the resistances associated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resistance. These findings suggest that widespread prophylaxis in granulocytopenic patients with lower urinary tract infection by the trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole association should be re-examined. PMID- 3904567 TI - [Metastatic adenocarcinoma without known primary]. AB - Metastatic adenocarcinoma of unknown origin is a common and severe condition. Systematic extensive investigative procedures are time consuming and largely unproductive. On the hand, some primary cancers for which specific and effective treatment is available should be looked for routinely. Recent results of chemotherapy are reviewed. PMID- 3904568 TI - [Cardiovascular manifestations in hyperthyroidism. Recent physiopathological data; clinical and therapeutic aspects]. PMID- 3904569 TI - Influence of drug vehicle on ocular contact time of sulfacetamide sodium. AB - Sulfacetamide sodium drops and ointments were applied to the conjunctiva of patients and volunteers. Tear samples were taken and analyzed for sulfacetamide sodium content. The minimal inhibitory concentrations of the drug in para aminobenzoic acid-free media were determined to be between 20 and 50 micrograms/mL against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, and the effective concentrations of the sulfa were taken as 50 micrograms/mL. The concentration of sulfacetamide sodium in tears fell to the 50 micrograms/mL level in 30 minutes, two hours, and five and a half hours after the single application of 10 microL of 15% and 30% drops and 25 microL of all three ointments, respectively. The ocular contact time of the sulfa was increased by increasing the concentration of drug. The makeup of the three ointments differed greatly, yet the ocular contact time was similar. PMID- 3904570 TI - Treatment of ocular inflammation with diclofenac sodium: double-blind trial following cataract surgery. AB - A controlled trial of diclofenac sodium was carried out in 100 patients undergoing intracapsular cataract extraction. All patients were treated with dexamethasone eyedrops twice daily, plus either diclofenac sodium 50 mg tid or matching placebo tid, started 24 hours before surgery and continued for four weeks. In comparison with those in the placebo group, patients in the diclofenac group showed significant decreases in most signs of ocular inflammation. Diclofenac therapy was well tolerated, except in one patient, and may safely be used to reduce intraocular inflammation. PMID- 3904571 TI - [Infantile acropustulosis: a case]. PMID- 3904572 TI - [Cutaneous alternariosis in a patient with a kidney graft: a new case]. PMID- 3904573 TI - [Bullous pemphigoid with esophageal bullosis]. PMID- 3904574 TI - Radiologic features of renin-producing tumors. A report of two cases. PMID- 3904575 TI - [Shwachman's syndrome. Ultrasonic and x-ray computed tomographic aspects. Apropos of 3 cases]. PMID- 3904577 TI - Index 1983-1984 of European radiological journals. PMID- 3904576 TI - Right atrial myxoma: new noninvasive diagnostic approach? PMID- 3904578 TI - Immunization of young foxes against rabies: interaction between vaccination and natural infection. AB - A preliminary experiment of vaccination against rabies with a parenterally administered killed vaccine was performed in Belgium with young foxes (Vulpes vulpes L.) captured in an enzootic area (Province de Luxembourg). Out of 20 young foxes, 12 developed spontaneous rabies. Vaccination induced a rapid and important seroconversion in most of the non rabid animals but failed to stop the evolution of the disease in young foxes incubating rabies. On the contrary, vaccination seemed to accelerate the evolution. PMID- 3904579 TI - [Infarction of the right ventricle. History, clinical and electrocardiographic signs]. PMID- 3904580 TI - [Detection and quantification of carotid atheroma. Respective value of vascular ultrasonography, spectrum analysis and digital intravenous angiography]. AB - This retrospective study involved 37 subjects who were examined by means of intravenous digitalised angiography, vascular ultrasonography and spectral analysis of the Doppler signal. The last two examinations were found to give the most precise images and functional information. The concordances between angiography and ultrasonography on the one hand and spectral analysis on the other were 82 and 90 per cent. The authors have established a protocol in order to limit and systematize these examinations during screening for carotid atheroma: the risk factors are weighted; a score is obtained by summation; depending on the value of this score and the patient's age, the investigation procedure is pursued or not. The sequence always consists of ultrasonography followed by spectral analysis when plaque is detected and by angiography when the plaque is stenotic or ulcerated. In symptomatic patients, ultrasonography and digitalised angiography are performed routinely. PMID- 3904582 TI - [Cardiology at the University of Brussels during the last 50 years]. PMID- 3904581 TI - [Fulminant streptococcal gangrene of the lower limbs]. AB - A 58 year old woman with Cushing's disease was admitted to hospital for acute ischaemia of the lower limbs due to fulminant streptococcal gangrene (necrosing fasciitis). A group A beta-haemolytic Streptococcus was isolated from the cutaneous lesions and the blood cultures. Despite antibiotic therapy and medical resuscitation, the patient died within 12 hours of her admission in a state of irreversible collapse. This gangrenous cellulitis, in which a hypersensitivity reaction plays a part in the pathophysiology, is a rare disease which is fatal in one half of cases. The diagnosis is based on a very marked alteration in the general state, the characteristics of the cutaneous lesions and, most importantly, the isolation of group A haemolytic Streptococci, which should be performed early so as to allow wide surgical excision, which remains the principal therapeutic measure, as rapidly as possible. PMID- 3904583 TI - Flexor tendon division at "no-man's land" of the hand treated by primary suture and passive controlled mobilization. AB - Flexor tendon injuries to the no-man's land of the hand previously exclusively treated by delayed operation and tendon grafting can be treated successfully by primary suture and postoperative controlled passive mobilization. Ten patients with flexor divisions of fourteen fingers were operated on using a modified Kessler technique and mobilized passively under control. The outcome in two tendons was poor, in one it was fair and in all the others good. The reason for the poor result in the two cases was suture leakage. Primary tendon repair should be preserved for clean uncomplicated tendon divisions. Sufficient experience in surgery of the hand is necessary to achieve good results. PMID- 3904584 TI - The subrenal capsule assay (SRCA) and its predictive value in oncology. AB - This report has been prepared as a mini-review of the studies and data, accumulated by a number of investigators since 1978, that are relevant to the 6 day subrenal capsule assay (SRCA) as a predictive in vivo test system. Stressing the need to maintain simplicity and economy, the data reviewed are based on the use of normal, immunocompetent mice and a simple tumour size parameter for evaluating drug activity within a 6-day time frame. Both the laboratory and clinical data that are presented and evaluated support the 6-day SRCA as a predictive test system at the preclinical and clinical levels of drug development and treatment. The question, do host responses create an artifact in the tumour size parameter, is addressed with experimental data illustrating the sensitivity of tumour xenografts, prepared from endocrine target tissues, to respond to biological effects in the 6-day SRCA. SRCA data are also presented suggesting that tumour heterogeneity does not automatically preclude the usefulness of predictive assays based upon a tumour sample. PMID- 3904585 TI - Morphology of transplanted tumours and drug induced regression in the subrenal capsule assay (SRCA) of mice and rats. AB - Specimens from freshly biopsied human mammary and ovarian tumours and DMBA induced rat mammary tumours were transplanted under the renal capsule of normal, immunocompetent mice and rats. The growth of the tumour and the effects of chemotherapy to the host animals were evaluated by measuring the growth of the implanted tumour specimens. Morphological analysis of the tumours showed preserved histological structures and cellular function, as evidenced by the basement membrane component production seen using immunohistochemical stains and by the surface specialized structures, cell-to-cell contact and secretory activity observed in ultrastructural studies. Treatments with different types of drugs yielded tangible results within 6 days of transplantation, showing lymphoid infiltration and scar formation, but preserved vascular structures. The results suggest that tumours subjected to subrenal capsule assay retain their structure and function when transplanted, thus enabling the evaluation of their sensitivity to therapeutic manipulation. PMID- 3904586 TI - Circulating thyrotrophin as an index of thyroid function. PMID- 3904587 TI - Electrodes in clinical chemistry. AB - On theoretical grounds it would appear preferable to use calibrants which are not adjusted to a constant ionic strength, whether concentration or activity is being estimated directly. For indirect methods, when sample and calibrant are diluted in an ionic strength adjusting buffer, there is probably little difference between adjusted and unadjusted calibrants. In this case a simple calculation of concentration is possible. A simple algorithm may be used for activity estimation. The algorithm for direct concentration estimation is more complex. If concentration, rather than activity, is required an indirect method must be used. If activity is required a direct method must be used. The quantitative effects of variations in calibration procedure may be smaller than variations in junction potential. PMID- 3904588 TI - Direct determination of theophylline in serum by fluoroimmunoassay using highly specific antibodies. AB - Described is the development of a fluoroimmunoassay for theophylline using a fluorescein labelled derivative of theophylline as tracer and antibodies coupled to magnetizable solid-phase particles. Three approaches are described for the preparation of antibodies for theophylline, of which one produced highly specific, high titre antibodies. The fluoroimmunoassay using these antibodies required a 10 microL sample, reached equilibrium within 5 min, and the results correlated closely with those of an established enzymoimmunoassay method. Potentially interfering endogenous fluorophores from the serum sample were reliably removed at the separation step of the bound and free fractions. There was no significant cross-reactivity with all other structurally related compounds. PMID- 3904589 TI - Development of the reproductive organs. AB - Understanding of the development of the reproductive organs is essential to the evaluation of abnormalities in sexual differentiation. Recent advances resulting from application of genetic, biochemical, and ultrastructural techniques have helped to clarify the mechanisms regulating gonadal and reproductive tract development. The present review considers the major processes of sexual differentiation, development of the female reproductive system and development of the male reproductive system with emphasis on current understanding of basic regulatory mechanisms involved in normal and abnormal development of the reproductive organs. PMID- 3904590 TI - Specificity and mechanism of in vitro adherence of Candida albicans. AB - Adherence of 14C-glucose labeled Candida albicans to vaginal epithelial cells was measured in the presence of 10 potential inhibitory sugars at concentrations of 5 to 150 mg per ml for 90 minutes at 37 degrees C. In competitive inhibition experiments, no inhibition of adherence was seen with any sugar at any concentration. On the contrary, with the exception of the aminosugars glucosamine, galactosamine, and mannosamine, increased attachment of Candida to vaginal epithelial cells was found in the presence of dextrose, galactose, mannose, alpha-methyl-mannoside, N-acetyl-glucosamine, N-acetyl-galactosamine, and N-acetyl-mannosamine. Increased adherence was not associated with recognizable changes in the electron microscopic appearance of Candida cell surface or alterations in fungal cell hydrophobicity as measured by interaction chromatography. Measurement of nonreceptor-specific adherence of Candida to glass beads revealed similar increased attachment in the presence of the test sugars, suggesting that adherence of Candida may not require specific yeast adhesin-cell receptor interaction. PMID- 3904591 TI - Immunohistochemical demonstration of human chorionic gonadotropin in tumors of the urinary bladder. AB - All transitional cell carcinomas of the bladder diagnosed in male patients within a five year period were studied for human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) production. Biotin-avidin immunoperoxidase analysis for hCG was performed on all paraffin blocks containing carcinoma-in-situ, grade I, grade II, and grade III transitional cell carcinoma. Of a total of 29 patients, one case of carcinoma-in situ (1/5), and five cases of grade III transitional cell carcinoma (5/15) were found to have hCG-positive tumor cells. The findings indicate that transitional cell carcinoma should be added to the list of malignant tumors capable of producing hCG. PMID- 3904592 TI - Schizonts, merozoites, and phagocytosis in falciparum malaria. AB - Two Nigerian siblings, ages 10 and 4 years, respectively, were infected with Plasmodium falciparum and were admitted to the hospital on the same day. The younger child died on the day of admission, but the older child survived. The peripheral blood smears of the younger patient showed the ring forms, schizonts, free merozoites, and phagocytosis of malarial parasites by both monocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes, whereas the smear from the older patient revealed only ring forms. The prognostic significance of this unusual observation and the host factors that affect the survival of the patients are discussed. This is the first documented case in which phagocytosis of malarial parasites by polymorphonuclear leukocytes is observed. PMID- 3904593 TI - Simultaneous detection of platelet and lymphocyte antibodies by slide enzyme immunoassay. AB - The feasibility of using an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) to detect simultaneously the antibodies bound to platelets and lymphocytes on glass slides was investigated. A peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) immune complex method was used in which lymphocytes and platelets were attached to glass slides by poly-L-lysine and the preparations were stored at -20 degrees C for subsequent assays. Test sera were incubated with the cells. Reagents linking the platelet and/or leukocyte antibody to the PAP enzyme marker were added, followed by a staining step to localize the antigen-antibody complex. Any brown staining of the perimeter of the cells and in the cytoplasm was considered indicative of a positive reaction. A total of 146 sera were assayed; 36 were from Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) plasmapheresis donors, 75 were from RPMI oncology patients, and 35 were from other laboratories. The PAP method agreed with complement lysis inhibition assay (CLIA) by 97 percent in detecting antibodies capable of reacting with platelets while concordance with complement dependent lymphocytotoxicity (CDL) was 81 percent. With further investigation, this method could be adapted as a screening procedure in the clinical laboratory. It is easy, inexpensive, and could be performed in a few hours. PMID- 3904594 TI - Sandwich enzyme immunoassay of human chorionic gonadotropin using polystyrene beads as solid support. AB - A solid-phase sandwich enzyme immunoassay for human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) employing monoclonal antibodies directed against beta- and alpha-subunits is described. Polystyrene beads used as solid support were coated with monoclonal anti-beta-hCG antibody. Monoclonal anti-alpha-hCG antibody was labelled with the enzyme, horseradish peroxidase. The assay could be performed by a "one-step" or "two-step" procedure. The sensitivity of the two-step procedure was 7.8 ng hCG/ml with a linear range up to 500 ng hCG/ml. The one-step procedure had a measurement range between 15.6 and 125 ng hCG/ml. Within the limits of measuring ranges, the two procedures had similar accuracy, the correlation coefficient being 0.987. Twenty-one urine samples from pregnant women were analysed by the two-step procedure and also by radioimmunoassay. The results were comparable, with r = 0.956. PMID- 3904596 TI - Marine microbiology far from the sea. PMID- 3904595 TI - Mechanism of carcinogenesis: the role of oncogenes, transcriptional enhancers and growth factors. AB - The oncogenes are a set of genes that have been implicated as the basis of cancer. They are the activated forms of proto-oncogenes which are part of the genetic complement of all normal cells. Activation can result from mutations in the global sense i.e. point mutations, nucleotide deletions or insertions, and chromosomal translocations. These mutations induce quantitative or qualitative changes in oncogene expression. Several human oncogenes identified in tumors and established cell lines have been cloned and studied in great detail using gene transfer techniques. Evidence has accumulated supporting the view that a single oncogene can be involved at different stages or steps in a multi-stage carcinogenesis process. Moreover, a single properly activated oncogene can trigger the whole process of malignant conversion of a normal cell. Thus both the one gene--one cancer and the multigene--one cancer hypotheses may be correct. The most frequently activated oncogenes in tumors detected by the NIH3T3 assay belong to the ras family. These ras genes code for a membrane bound protein (ras p21) which has a GTPase activity. The ras p21 encoded by the T24 activated form of the Ha-ras1 oncogene has an impaired GTPase activity. In view of the location of ras p21 and its biological effects it is proposed that the action of p21 is regulated by growth factors through their membrane receptors. Transcriptional enhancers are cis-acting positive regulatory DNA elements present in viral and cellular genomes. Their involvement in the development of certain types of cancer has been strongly suggested from studies with viruses and chromosome translocations. The in vitro construction of genetic hybrids linking viral transcriptional enhancers and cloned human oncogenes, and the subsequent transformation of early passage cells has been helpful in delineating stages in the malignant conversion of normal cells and gaining insights into the mechanism of carcinogenesis. Transforming growth factors (TGFs) are low molecular weight proteins that reversibly induce anchorage independent growth of certain cells such as the NRK cells. At least two types of TGFs, alpha and beta have been identified. Introduction and expression of cloned human Ha-ras genes in mammalian cells trigger TGF release into the medium. This can occur both in stable transformants and in cells shortly after transfection. The latter suggests that TGF release by the transfected cell is the direct result of the oncogene action rather than a consequence of a cellular change during the process of transformation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3904597 TI - Bacterial reduction of trimethylamine oxide. AB - Trimethylamine oxide, which is found in relatively high concentrations in the tissues of marine animals, serves as an electron acceptor in the anaerobic metabolism of a number of bacteria associated primarily with three environments: the marine environment (e.g. Alteromonas and Vibrio), the brackish pond (nonsulfur photosynthetic bacteria), and animal intestines (Enterobacteriaceae). Its reduction to trimethylamine by such bacteria can constitute a major spoilage reaction during the storage of marine fish. In the Enterobacteriaceae, anaerobic respiration with TMAO has been shown to support oxidative phosphorylation. Electron transport to TMAO in these bacteria involves flavin nucleotides, menaquinones, both b- and c-type cytochromes, and a molybdoenzyme reductase. Formate, hydrogen, lactate, and glycerol all serve as electron donors for TMAO respiration. Electrophoretically distinct constitutive and TMAO-induced reductases are synthesized by both E. coli and S. typhimurium. Electron transport to TMAO is repressed both by air and by nitrate. A number of genes involved in TMAO respiration have been mapped, but the structural gene for the inducible TMAO reductase has not yet been firmly established. Oxidative phosphorylation is also supported by TMAO reduction in Alteromonas. In this organism, which is nonfermentative, TMAO respiration resembles aerobic respiration in that intermediates of the TCA cycle are excellent electron donors. Alteromonas exhibits a requirement for NaCl for growth on TMAO and certain electron donors. As in the Enterobacteriaceae, air and nitrate both interfere with TMAO reduction. The role of TMAO reduction in the anaerobic metabolism of nonsulfur purple bacteria has not yet been resolved; it is not clear if TMAO serves simply as an accessory oxidant for fermentation or if TMAO reduction is associated with energy yielding membrane-bound electron transport. Some of the confusion regarding this bacterial group stems from the fact that much of the work to date has involved parallel studies of TMAO and dimethyl sulfoxide reduction, and it is not yet known whether the two compounds are reduced by the same enzyme. Although our understanding of bacterial TMAO reduction lags far behind our knowledge of bacterial nitrate reduction, it is unlikely that this will always be the case.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3904598 TI - Plant virus satellites. PMID- 3904599 TI - The veillonellae: gram-negative cocci with a unique physiology. PMID- 3904600 TI - Sulphate-reducing bacteria and anaerobic corrosion. PMID- 3904601 TI - Mechanisms of bacterial virulence. AB - In this review the nature of prokaryotic parasites was first discussed with emphasis on the evolution of virulence. Subsequently, nonspecific mechanisms of host defense were considered with emphasis on recent findings relating to bacterial killing by serum and professional phagocytes. Based on this background, the nature of virulence factors required for growth of pathogens in the nonimmune host was considered. Strategies used by extracellular and intracellular parasites were compared. It is evident from the resulting overview of experimental findings that knowledge concerning virulence of extracellular parasites outweighs that collected for both facultative and obligate intracellular parasites. Remaining problems regarding extracellular parasitism include precise resolution of the nature of serum resistance, pilus-independent adhesion, tissue invasiveness, and resistance to phagocytosis. Solutions to these questions will probably arise during the course of studies primarily emphasizing bacterial structure and function. Unresolved problems concerning intracellular parasites include definition of regulatory changes involved in adaptation for intra- and extracellular growth, the nature of reactions preventing phagosome-lysosome fusion, mechanisms of survival within phagolysosomes, and explanations for host cell dependence. These topics provide real problems in cellular and molecular biology, and they will probably be resolved by those familiar with these disciplines. The ability of parasitic prokaryotes to shut off otherwise effective specific immune responses was shown to cross phenotypic lines. Resolution of these somewhat sinister mechanisms of virulence will require an understanding of fundamental immune processes. Further study of bacterial virulence factors will probably provide an understanding of basic cellular processes relevant to other biological disciplines. Indeed, information of this nature may not be obtainable by any other experimental approach. PMID- 3904602 TI - Biosynthesis and composition of gram-negative bacterial extracellular and wall polysaccharides. PMID- 3904603 TI - Measurement of in situ activities of nonphotosynthetic microorganisms in aquatic and terrestrial habitats. PMID- 3904604 TI - Opportunistic pathogens in the genus Mycobacterium. PMID- 3904605 TI - Microbial desulfurization of fossil fuels. PMID- 3904606 TI - The distribution and evolution of microbial life in the Late Proterozoic era. PMID- 3904608 TI - Viral taxonomy for the nonvirologist. PMID- 3904607 TI - Oncogenes: their role in neoplastic transformation. PMID- 3904609 TI - Antigenic variation in African trypanosomes. PMID- 3904610 TI - Foodservice systems: presence of injured bacteria in foods during food product flow. PMID- 3904611 TI - The influence of environment on envelope properties affecting survival of bacteria in infections. PMID- 3904612 TI - Mechanism of action of kirromycin-like antibiotics. PMID- 3904613 TI - Candida albicans: biology, genetics, and pathogenicity. PMID- 3904614 TI - Protein secretion in Escherichia coli. PMID- 3904615 TI - Plant and fungal protein and glycoprotein toxins inhibiting eukaryote protein synthesis. PMID- 3904616 TI - Non-sporeforming bacteria pathogenic to insects: incidence and mechanisms. PMID- 3904617 TI - Carbon metabolism in Rhizobium species. PMID- 3904618 TI - [Phenomenon of the amplification of the determinant of kanamycin resistance (Kanr) in constructed hybrid plasmids in a strain of Streptomyces lividans]. AB - The restriction maps of the hybrid pSU1, pSU2 ..., pSU13 plasmids were constructed. The plasmids are the derivatives of SLP1.2 plasmid and the kanamycin resistance determinant of S. rimosus. Jt was shown that all the 13 hybrid plasmids are capable of tandem reiteration in the genome (amplification) of S. lividans. The conditions for amplification of the hybrid plasmids by one-stage selection of the variants with increased resistance to kanamycin were developed. It was found that the constructed plasmids could be used for cloning and coamplification of additional DNA fragments in them. All the plasmids determined the synthesis of APH(3')--aminoglycoside phosphotransferase responsible for the in-vivo resistance of the strains containing it to neomycin and paromomycin. It is suggested that kanamycin resistance is determined by some other gene and mechanism. An increase in the number of the copies of gene aph1 on amplification resulted in a 50-fold increase in production of APH(3') by it. PMID- 3904619 TI - [Inhibition of oleandomycin biosynthesis by glucose]. AB - The results of the study on the effect of glucose and various carbohydrates on biosynthesis of oleandomycin by Streptomyces antibioticus are presented. It was found that glucose added at the beginning or by the 48th hour of the fermentation process on the complex medium inhibited oleandomycin biosynthesis. To investigate the mechanism of the glucose effect, a fermentation medium was developed. It provided variation of the carbohydrate composition, determination of the protein content in the culture and evaluation of the mycelium productivity. With the use of this medium it was shown that monosaccharides such as galactose, fructose and glucose significantly activated the mycelium growth as compared to lactose and sucrose. At the same time glucose completely inhibited oleandomycin biosynthesis when added either as an only carbohydrate component or in combination with galactose or fructose, while the presence of the other two monosaccharides did not prevent antibiotic production, though the mycelium productivity was lowered as compared to that with the use of the disaccharide. Therefore, the inhibitory effect of glucose on biosynthesis of oleandomycin was not connected with activation of the culture growth by it. Acidification of the medium on cultivation of the streptomycete in the presence of glucose only partially explained its inhibitory effect, since inhibition was maintained on the medium with addition of CaCO3 which stabilizes pH. Addition of 2-deoxy-D-glucose, a nonmetabolized glucose analog, to the fermentation medium retarded antibiotic production. It is possible that the inhibitory effect of glucose on biosynthesis of oleandomycin is not associated with its metabolism. PMID- 3904620 TI - [Action of biologically active compounds on kanamycin inactivation by resistant microorganisms]. AB - Products of kanamycin inactivation were identified chromatographically and radiometrically in E. coli 154, K. aerogenes 600 and P. vulgaris 7470. It was shown that the efficiency of kanamycin inactivation in the membrane fraction was 2 times higher than that in cytosol. A decrease in the culture resistance to kanamycin was observed, when the antibiotic was used in combination with the main proteins or phosphonites: a 16-64-fold decrease in the kanamycin MIC. Comparison of the data on the efficiency of the inactivation inhibition by intact cells and in acellular extracts suggests that the effect of protamine on this process is mediated by the cell membrane, whereas phosphonites can also directly interact with the enzymes inactivating the antibiotic. PMID- 3904621 TI - [Immunological identity of lysozymes of various origins]. AB - Antisera to lysozymes of O. maubata, O. paillipes, A. lahorensis and H. asiaticum were prepared for the first time with a purpose of investigating the immunological identity of the lysozymes. Partial antigenic identity of the egg lysozyme and the lysozymes of the above ticks was shown with the methods of precipitation in agar and the immunoenzymatic assay. PMID- 3904622 TI - [Use of beta-lactamase from Bacillus licheniformis 749/C for solid-phase immunoenzyme analysis]. AB - beta-Lactamase from Bacillus licheniformis 749/c was used as a marker for ELISA. Conjugates of the beta-lactamase with the capsule antigen of the plague causative agent and with the monoclonal antibodies to it were prepared by glutaric aldehyde "linking". The conjugates preserved high immunospecific and beta-lactamase activity. High sensitivity of the modification of ELISA allowed detecting up to 8 ng/ml of the capsule antigen of the plague causative agent. The enzymatic activity of the beta-lactamase was determined microiodometrically which provided visual recording of the results of ELISA. PMID- 3904623 TI - [Potentiation of the action of antibiotics by ultrasound]. AB - The aim of the study was to investigate the action of ultrasound on antimicrobial drugs and to estimate the effect of antibacterial drugs and ultrasound used in combination and alone. In the first series of the experiments it was shown that under the action of ultrasound such antibiotics as benzylpenicillin, streptomycin, ampicillin, lincomycin, monomycin, rifampicin and gentamicin, and antiseptic drugs such as furacin, rivanol and iodinol did not change their antibacterial (bacteriostatic and bactericidal) properties with regard to Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. In the second series of the experiments it was shown that ultrasound potentiated by 1.7-10.8 times the antibacterial effect of the drugs. Probably, ultrasound promoted closer contacts of the drugs with the microbial cell. In the third series of the experiments it was shown that ultrasound lowered to 24.1 per cent the count of the bacterial cells capable of multiplication, while ampicillin lowered their count to 52.6 per cent. When the antibiotic and ultrasound were used in combination the count of the bacterial cells capable of multiplication was lowered to 5.2 per cent. Therefore, the combined use of the antibacterial drug and ultrasound resulted in a 4.48-fold increase of the total effect. PMID- 3904625 TI - Let the buyer beware is good advice for everyone including Medicare. PMID- 3904624 TI - [Regulators of actinomycete differentiation]. PMID- 3904626 TI - Chymotrypsin selectively decreases forskolin stimulation of adenylate cyclase. AB - We studied the effects of chymotrypsin on turkey erythrocyte membrane adenylate cyclase activity. Proteolysis with chymotrypsin led to a concentration- and time dependent increase in activation of adenylate cyclase by isoproterenol + guanine nucleotides, and fluoride, and to a decrease in activation by forskolin. Maximal effects (up to 10-fold increases in fluoride- and isoproterenol + guanine nucleotide-stimulated activity, and up to 100% inhibition of forskolin-stimulated activity) occurred under similar conditions (10-20 micrograms/ml chymotrypsin for 10-15 min at 30 degrees C). Augmentation of isoproterenol + guanosine-3'-O thiotriphosphate (GTP-gamma-S)-stimulated activity by chymotrypsin occurred only if proteolysis preceded stimulation with isoproterenol + GTP-gamma-S. Addition of isoproterenol + GTP-gamma-S to membranes before proteolysis, however, did not prevent chymotrypsin from augmenting subsequent stimulation by these agents. In contrast, addition of forskolin during proteolysis with chymotrypsin prevented the time- and concentration-dependent decline in forskolin stimulation observed with chymotrypsin. Proteolysis decreased the magnitude of stimulation at any concentration of forskolin, but did not alter the concentration dependence of forskolin stimulation (apparent half-maximum = 3 microM). The data are consistent with the existence of a chymotrypsin-sensitive site essential for forskolin stimulation of adenylate cyclase. In view of the simultaneous effect of chymotrypsin to augment fluoride- and isoproterenol + guanine nucleotide stimulated activities, it is highly unlikely that the site is on the stimulatory guanine nucleotide binding protein. Since forskolin is thought to act directly on the catalytic unit of adenylate cyclase, and since forskolin can protect against the effect of proteolysis with chymotrypsin, the site involved may be on the catalytic unit itself. PMID- 3904627 TI - The binding site for the adenosyl group of coenzyme B12 in diol dehydrase. AB - The binding of cob(II)alamin (CblII) and 5'-deoxyadenosine to diol dehydrase was studied spectroscopically and with [U-14C]5'-deoxyadenosine. CblII was bound to this enzyme forming a tight 1:1 complex which was resistant to oxidation by O2 even in the presence of CN-. An irreversible 1:1:1 ternary complex was formed between enzyme, CblII, and 5'-deoxyadenosine, when the enzyme was incubated first with the nucleoside and then with CblII. When this order of addition of the constituents was reversed, no 5'-deoxyadenosine was bound to the enzyme-CblII complex. Hydroxocobalamin could also bind to the enzyme together with the nucleoside, while other cob(III)alamins bearing a bulkier Co beta ligand displaced the nucleoside upon binding to the enzyme. The binding of [U-14C]5' deoxyadenosine was strongly inhibited by unlabeled 5'-deoxy-ara-adenosine, 4',5' anhydroadenosine, adenosine, adenine, and 5',8-cyclic adenosine, in this order, but not by 5'-deoxyuridine. These results constitute direct evidence for the presence of the binding site for the adenosyl group of adenosylcobalamin, which is spatially limited to and highly specific for adenine nucleosides. The binding of 5'-deoxyadenosine to the apoenzyme was reversible. PMID- 3904628 TI - Anabolic regulation of gluconeogenesis by insulin in isolated rat hepatocytes. AB - The role of substrate availability in the regulation of gluconeogenesis in isolated rat hepatocytes was studied using [U-14C]alanine as a tracer in the presence of different concentrations of L-alanine in the incubation medium. At low alanine concentrations (0.5 mM) insulin decreased the 14C incorporation into the glucose pool and increased the incorporation of tracer carbons into the protein and lipid pools and into CO2. The net radioactivity lost from the glucose pool was only a small percentage of the total increase in the activity of the protein, lipid, CO2, or glycogen pools, supporting the notion that the effect of insulin in diminishing gluconeogenesis is secondary to its effects on pathways using pyruvate. At higher concentrations of alanine (2.5, 5.0, and 10.0 mM) in the incubation medium insulin increased the movement of alanine carbons into protein and glucose. This suggests that at higher substrate concentrations the ability of the liver to synthesize proteins is overwhelmed and the pyruvate carbons are forced into the gluconeogenesis pathway. These results were further confirmed by using [U-14C]lactate. The increases in observed specific activity of glucose following insulin administration would not be possible if insulin acted by affecting the activity of any enzyme directly involved in the formation or utilization of pyruvate, most of which have been proposed as sites of insulin action. Data presented show that insulin "inhibits" gluconeogenesis by affecting a change in substrate availability. PMID- 3904629 TI - Arylphorin from Manduca sexta: carbohydrate structure and immunological studies. AB - The major hemolymph protein in the last larval stage of Manduca sexta is a hexameric glycoprotein, arylphorin (Mr = 450,000). Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of purified arylphorin reveals the presence of two subunits, A1 and A2. Both subunits are glycosylated and have apparent Mr = 77,000 and 72,000, respectively. Pronase digestion of arylphorin yielded a single major glycopeptide. 250 MHz NMR spectroscopy of arylphorin glycopeptide revealed a Man9GlcNAc2 oligosaccharide structure similar to that observed in mammalian glycoproteins. Endoglycosidase-H treatment of arylphorin was employed to remove covalently linked carbohydrate residues. The carbohydrate removal lowered the apparent Mr of subunits A1 and A2 to 72,000 and 69,000, respectively, indicating that the difference in arylphorin subunit size is not due to levels of glycosylation. Immunoblotting experiments with anti-arylphorin antiserum and Bombyx mori storage proteins indicated cross reactivity with the corresponding arylphorin of this insect. Preparation of subunit A2 monospecific antibodies, followed by immunoblotting of arylphorin showed a close immunological relationship between subunits A1 and A2. PMID- 3904630 TI - Catalases HPI and HPII in Escherichia coli are induced independently. AB - Three strains of Escherichia coli differing only in the catalase locus mutated by transposon Tn10 were constructed. These strains produced only catalase HPI (katE::Tn10 and katF::Tn10 strains) or catalase HPII (katG::Tn10). HPI levels increased gradually about twofold during logarithmic growth but did not increase during growth into stationary phase in rich medium. HPII levels, which were initially threefold lower than HPI levels, did not change during logarithmic growth but did increase tenfold during growth into stationary phase. HPI levels increased in response to ascorbate or H2O2 being added to the medium but HPII levels did not. In minimal medium, any carbon source derived from the tricarboxylic acid cycle caused five- to tenfold higher HPII levels during logarithmic growth but had very little effect on HPI levels. Active electron transport did not affect either HPI or HPII levels. PMID- 3904631 TI - Biosynthesis of prostatic acid phosphatase in a normal human cell-line. AB - The biosynthesis of the prostatic form of human acid phosphatase was studied in normal embryonic lung cells, WI-38, by metabolic labeling with tritiated leucine and [32P]phosphate, followed by specific immunoprecipitation, gel electrophoresis, and fluorography. Of the total tartrate-inhibitable acid phosphatase activity in WI-38 cells, 30% is due to the prostatic form. The primary translation product that leads eventually to the mature prostatic enzyme is a precursor polypeptide of 112 kDa. The precursor polypeptide is processed to mature polypeptides of 59, 55, and 49 kDa via an intermediate 91-kDa precursor. WI-38 cells also secrete a 113-kDa peptide into the medium. The precursor and mature polypeptides are glycosylated and phosphorylated. Upon treatment with endo beta-hexosaminidase H, the apparent molecular weighs of the polypeptides are reduced by approximately 4 kDa and phosphate is lost. PMID- 3904633 TI - [Drug delivery systems]. AB - The introduction of new and potent drugs and the scientific advancement of effective and safer usage of drugs aimed at the optimization of pharmacotherapy have stimulated the "science of input" and a new concept of drug delivery has emerged. Drug delivery systems (DDS) are designed and formulated on the basis of sound and multidisciplinary information although some of them still cannot be defined at present. New concepts of drug delivery have so far been developed in two fields, namely (1) DDS with controlled-release characteristics and (2) drug targeting. Introduction of controlled release DDS has already given some impetus to medical practice, although they are still far from an ideal pattern-specific drug delivery. As for drug targeting, targets readily accessible to local administration appear to be promising and various new products are on the market. However, systemic drug targeting is still in the concept stage except for those experimental therapies related to life-threatening diseases. A better understanding of diseases, the introduction of an integrated technical approach including medicinal chemistry, sound safety considerations, and the incorporation of various new concepts should lead to new high-technology DDS. The concept of controlled delivery and targeting and their integration into DDS is indeed a momentous revolution comparable to the discovery of a new class of chemical entities. PMID- 3904632 TI - Biosynthesis and processing of lysosomal acid phosphatase in cultured human cells. AB - The biosynthesis of lysosomal acid phosphatase was studied in a normal human embryonic lung cell line, WI-38. Cells were labeled with radioactive leucine under a variety of conditions, the enzyme was immunoprecipitated using a monospecific antiserum raised against human liver lysosomal acid phosphatase, and the products were separated by electrophoresis and were visualized by fluorography. Lysosomal acid phosphatase constitutes 60% of the total tartrate inhibitable acid phosphatase in WI-38. It is initially synthesized as a high molecular-weight precursor polypeptide of 69 kDa. The precursor polypeptide is rapidly glycosylated and processed to a mature enzyme of 53-45 kDa via intermediates of 65 and 60 kDa in WI-38 cells. The 69-kDa precursor polypeptide is also converted to larger precursor polypeptides of 74 and 80 kDa. The multiplicity of precursor polypeptides is due at least in part to differences in the glycosylation and phosphorylation of the polypeptides. Sensitivity of phosphorylated oligosaccharide chains from precursor, mature and small polypeptides to endo-beta-hexosaminidase H-catalyzed cleavage suggests the presence of high-mannose phosphorylated oligosaccharide chains similar to those present on many other lysosomal enzymes. The effects of tunicamycin and ammonium chloride were also studied. In contrast to the effect of ammonium chloride on arylsulfatase A secretion, the lysosomal acid phosphatase in WI-38 cells was not secreted in the presence of NH4Cl. This is consistent with the existence of an alternate route for the transfer of lysosomal acid phosphatase into lysosomes. This alternate route may be the reason that I-cell fibroblasts contain a normal level of lysosomal acid phosphatase. PMID- 3904634 TI - Plasmapheresis therapy for bullous pemphigoid. PMID- 3904635 TI - Diphenoxylate therapy for psoriasis. PMID- 3904636 TI - Cerebrospinal fluid pressure during post haemorrhagic ventricular dilatation in newborn infants. AB - Post haemorrhagic ventricular dilatation occurs in a minority of newborn infants, but is associated with a high risk of cerebral palsy and developmental delay. Neither the relation of ventricular size to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure, nor the effect of CSF removal on prognosis, have been established. Normal CSF pressure measured at subarachnoid cannulation was mean (SD) 2.8 (1.4) mm Hg. Values were significantly higher in post haemorrhagic ventricular dilatation--9.1 (3.7) mm Hg when the ventricles were expanding, and 4.5 (2.4) mm Hg when they were static or contracting. No significant relation between head circumference and CSF pressure was found in this series. Raised CSF pressure is associated with progressive ventricular dilatation, and may contribute to the increased risk of neurological abnormality. PMID- 3904637 TI - Relation between apnoea duration and type and neurological status of preterm infants. AB - The incidence, duration, and type of apnoea were determined in 28 preterm infants born at 27 to 34 weeks' gestation, using polygraphic records of abdominal breathing movements and nasal airflow. Of the 1520 episodes of apnoea of 10 or more seconds duration, 1002 (66%) lasted 10 to 14 seconds, 311 (20%) lasted 15 to 20 seconds, and 207 (14%) lasted more than 20 seconds. Overall, 69% were central in type, 20% were mixed, and 11% were purely obstructive. With increasing duration of apnoea, the proportion of episodes of central apnoea decreased (69 to 29%) while that of mixed apnoea increased (20 to 60%). Eight infants had obstructive apnoea of more than 20 seconds duration. When they were compared with the 10 infants of similar gestational age and birthweight who had central or mixed apnoea, they had a higher incidence of intraventricular haemorrhage, hydrocephalus, positive pressure ventilation via an endotracheal tube, and abnormal neurological development during the first year of life. PMID- 3904638 TI - [Antigens of the ABO blood group in the bladder urothelium: comparison of 3 technics for its detection]. PMID- 3904639 TI - [Appendiceal perforation into the bladder: endocavitary ultrasonic diagnosis]. PMID- 3904640 TI - The value of CEA assay in tissue, serum and urine in patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. PMID- 3904641 TI - [Endomyocardial biopsy and postmortem studies in human cardiac transplantation]. PMID- 3904642 TI - Changing jobs: making it easier on everyone. PMID- 3904643 TI - A multiclinic, placebo-controlled, double-blind study of prostaglandin E1 in Raynaud's syndrome. AB - Prostaglandin E1 (alprostadil, Prostin VR Sterile Solution, PGE1) was evaluated in patients with Raynaud's syndrome in a multiclinic, placebo-controlled, double blind study. A total of 55 patients with either primary Raynaud's disease or Raynaud's disease secondary to systemic sclerosis were randomly assigned to receive either PGE1 administered intravenously at 10 ng/kg/min for 72 hours or placebo administered in the same manner. The frequency and severity of Raynaud's attacks were then monitored for up to four weeks by use of in-clinic questionnaires and patients' daily diaries. Haemodynamic assessments included measurements of skin temperature and the finger systolic pressure response to localised digital cooling. Immediately after the infusion the overall symptoms in both the PGE1 and the placebo group showed marked improvement; by four weeks after infusion, in some cases, values had not returned to pretreatment levels. There was, however, no marked benefit of PGE1 treatment over that of placebo. Although PGE1 significantly increased skin temperature during and immediately after infusion, the effect did not persist at two- and four-week follow-up evaluations. The finger systolic pressure response to localised digital cooling (15 degrees C) increased more in the PGE1-treated group than in the placebo treated group, but the difference was not statistically significant. There was no difference in ulcer healing between the two treatment groups. These results failed to substantiate earlier open-label reports that a 72-hour intravenous infusion of PGE1 in patients with Raynaud's syndrome produced significant clinical benefit. PMID- 3904644 TI - Antigens related to the major internal protein, p27, of a psoriasis associated retrovirus-like particle are expressed in patients with chronic arthritis. AB - A rabbit antiserum against the major internal protein, p27, of a psoriasis associated retrovirus-like particle has been applied in an immunofluorescence assay for the detection of antigens cross reacting with p27 in patients with psoriatic arthritis, seronegative rheumatoid arthritis, or ankylosing spondylitis. Antigens reacting with anti-p27 antibodies were present in lymphocytes from blood or synovial fluid from all patients examined. However, the expression was restricted to 0.01-0.1% of the cells. Among the positive p27 cells were cells reacting with markers for T, B, or NK cells. The anti-p27 antibodies also reacted with mononuclear cells in the synovial membrane and with the internal wall of some small or medium sized vessels in sections of synovial biopsy specimens from the patients with chronic arthritis. The reaction with mononuclear synovial membrane cells was restricted to approximately 0.1% of the cells. Blood lymphocytes or synovial sections from healthy persons did not react with the anti-p27 antibodies. The implication of these observations in the pathogenesis of chronic arthritis in man is discussed. PMID- 3904645 TI - IgE deposition in normal skin of patients with rheumatoid arthritis in relation to clinical and laboratory findings. AB - Biopsy specimens from apparently normal skin of 28 patients with classical or definite rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were examined for the presence of IgE deposition by a direct immunofluorescence technique. IgE deposition was found in 12 patients (43%) and in none of the 10 controls. This deposition was mainly localised on mast cells, and in three patients perivascular IgE staining was also noted. The skin from nine of the 12 patients also showed deposition of IgM and complement C3 or C4 factor, or both. All 12 patients with skin IgE deposition had raised levels of IgM rheumatoid factor (RF) in the serum. Nine of these also had IgE RF. IgE-containing circulating immune complexes (IgE CIC), raised serum IgE levels, and extra-articular (EA) manifestations were present in respectively 10, nine, and eight skin IgE positive patients. It is suggested that IgE and IgE CIC may be involved in the pathogenesis of RA and its EA manifestations. PMID- 3904646 TI - Does food intolerance have any role in the aetiology and management of rheumatoid disease? AB - Dietary therapy for rheumatoid disease has been used by patients for decades. Until recently, orthodox medical opinion has tended to ignore the subject, but interesting results from recent studies suggest that further investigation would now be appropriate. It is possible that food (which consists of many antigens regularly entering the body) could be responsible for altering immunological function. Be that as it may, it would seem logical, particularly in view of recent uncertainty about the efficacy and/or safety of various drugs used in the management of rheumatoid disease, to determine scientifically whether dietary manipulation has any value in the management of these rheumatoid patients. PMID- 3904647 TI - A successful century in dealing with bacterial endocarditis. PMID- 3904648 TI - Redo operations for recurrent aneurysmal disease of the ascending aorta and transverse aortic arch. AB - Sixty-seven operations were performed in 59 patients for aneurysmal disease occurring after previous operations involving the ascending aorta and transverse aortic arch. The initial aortic pathological condition included the following: fusiform aneurysm due to medial degenerative disease in 34 patients, 12 of whom had Marfan's syndrome; aortic dissection in a previously undilated aorta in 23; and aneurysm persisting or occurring after brachiocephalic bypass in 2. One of the latter had an aneurysm because of aortitis. Various operations initially performed did not completely treat the disease, and certain complications occurred spontaneously, including infection and dissection. The residual pathological condition led to the development of aortic insufficiency, aortic dissection, coronary artery insufficiency, and progressive aneurysmal dilatation. These complications were treated by composite valve graft replacement of the aortic valve and ascending aorta or the transverse aortic arch or both, simple aortic valve replacement, graft replacement of the ascending aorta or arch or both, and suture of false aneurysm with viable tissue wrap. Twenty patients (34%) had an aneurysm of the distal aorta. The entire aorta was replaced in 3, thoracoabdominal segments in 9, and the abdominal aorta in 1. Of the 59 patients, 49 (83%) were early survivors and 40 (68%) were alive on January 1, 1985. Principles of therapy that may have prevented the complications leading to reoperation include aneurysm replacement at the time of aortic valve replacement and coronary artery bypass; total replacement of the ascending aorta and aortic valve in patients with Marfan's syndrome; the same procedure or aortic valve replacement and separate graft replacement in patients with non-Marfan's medial degenerative disease; ascending aortic replacement in all patients with dissection combined with valve resuspension, aortic valve replacement, or composite valve graft depending on the involvement of the aortic sinuses and the presence of aortic insufficiency. PMID- 3904649 TI - Cardiovascular effects of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) after pneumonectomy in dogs. AB - Little is known regarding the hemodynamic effect of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) following pneumonectomy. To investigate this, 9 mongrel dogs underwent PEEP before and after lung resection. With the chest closed, the dog anesthetized, and partial pressure of carbon dioxide constant, PEEP was added in increments of 2 mm Hg until the animal's condition became hemodynamically unstable. At each level of PEEP, aortic, pulmonary, left atrial, and central venous pressures were monitored while aortic flow (cardiac output) was determined with an electromagnetic probe and airway pressure was measured with a Millar catheter in the respiratory tubing. Pneumonectomy was then performed, PEEP was again sequentially added, and the same measurements were recorded. Both before and after pneumonectomy, a strong positive linear correlation exists between the level of PEEP and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) (r greater than 0.74; p less than 0.05). Also, there is a high negative linear correlation between the level of PEEP and cardiac output (r greater than -0.76; p less than 0.05). At 0 mm Hg of PEEP, the PVR is higher after pneumonectomy than before (p less than 0.02). The incremental elevation in PVR persists after pneumonectomy at each level of PEEP, and in 5 of the 9 dogs the slope of the linear regression line relating PVR to PEEP was steeper following resection (p less than 0.05), thereby demonstrating an exaggerated effect of PEEP on PVR. In addition, all animals had a lower cardiac output at each comparable level of PEEP following pneumonectomy (p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3904650 TI - Asynchronous rejection of heart and lungs following cardiopulmonary transplantation. AB - Eighteen patients have received 19 combined heart-lung allografts since March, 1982. During the maturation of our program of heart-lung transplantation, we have learned that isolated rejection of the lung can occur frequently and that exclusive dependence on the cardiac biopsy can be misleading. Of the 18 patients who received allografts, 10 are the basis for this report. The other patients were excluded because of death from excessive bleeding (1), inadequate lung preservation (2), an inability to differentiate rejection from infection (3), or an absence of rejection of either the heart or the lungs (2). Rejection of the lung was suggested, in the absence of clinical evidence of infection, by the radiographic appearance of a diffuse pulmonary infiltrate. It was confirmed by a prompt response to augmentation of maintenance immunosuppression with an intravenous pulse of methylprednisolone. The presence or absence of cardiac rejection was determined by the standard endomyocardial biopsy. Direct biopsy of the involved lung through a thoracotomy was performed in 4 patients so that a definitive histological diagnosis of rejection would reinforce the anticipated clinical diagnosis. The clinical course in 6 of the 10 patients plus the results of the open lung biopsy in 3 of them suggest that isolated rejection of the lung developed in the absence of cardiac findings. Patients responded within 12 to 24 hours to augmented immunosuppression with a dramatic improvement in the abnormal chest radiograph. In all 10 patients, either isolated lung or synchronous heart and lung rejection episodes were confined to the first six weeks after operation unless a severe alteration in the immunosuppression was made (2 patients).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3904651 TI - Antihypertensive effects of a novel phenylpiperazine derivative, SGB-1534, on several hypertensive models of rats. AB - The antihypertensive activities of SGB-1534, 3-[2-[4-(o-methoxyphenyl)-1 piperazinyl]ethyl]-2,4 (1H,3H)-quinazolinedione monohydrochloride, compared with prazosin, were examined in anesthetized or conscious hypertensive rat models. In anesthetized rats, SGB-1534 administered orally (3-10 mg/kg) reduced the blood pressure and significantly inhibited the pressor response to noradrenaline, but did not affect blood pressure responses to angiotensin II, isoproterenol, histamine and acetylcholine. This compound (0.1-3 mg/kg, p.o.) exhibited potent and long-lasting antihypertensive effects in conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), renal hypertensive rats and DOCA-salt rats, but it increased the heart rate only minimally. Repeated p.o. doses of SGB-1534 also reduced the blood pressure in SHRs without noticeable sign of tolerance to antihypertensive effects. In an experimental model for determining blood pressure compensation for postural tilt in anesthetized rats, SGB-1534 was free of postural effects, while prazosin induced orthostatic hypotension. In renal hypertensive rats and SHRs, SGB-1534, unlike prazosin, caused no increase in plasma renin activity. The present results reveal some pharmacological characteristics of SGB-1534 as an orally effective antihypertensive agent. PMID- 3904652 TI - Stimulation of prostacyclin production by vitamin C in ram seminal vesicle microsomes: possible mode of action. AB - The enhancing effect of vitamin C on the conversion of arachidonic acid, endoperoxide G2 and endoperoxide H2 to 6-keto-PGF 1 alpha, the stable metabolite of prostacyclin, by ram seminal vesicle microsomes was further investigated. From the incubations of these substrates with 1-tryptophan, catalase, superoxide dismutase and 15-HPETE it became clear that vitamin C apparently acts mainly through neutralization of the oxidative species formed during the reduction of endoperoxide G2 to endoperoxide H2. Although it has also a more direct stimulating activity on the prostacyclin synthase, a possible interference with hydroperoxy derivatives of arachidonic acid cannot be completely ruled out. PMID- 3904653 TI - Salmonella bacteremia associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). AB - Six cases of bacteremia due to serotypes of Salmonella enteritidis are described in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). In four instances the bacteremia was recurrent despite appropriate antimicrobial treatment. Neither a gastrointestinal tract source nor any other focus of infection could be identified in four of the six patients. In one patient an unusual Salmonella infection, ie, pyelonephritis, was noted. The discovery of Salmonella sepsis led in four cases to the initial diagnostic consideration of AIDS, which was ultimately confirmed. When unexplained Salmonella bacteremia occurs in populations known to be at high risk for the development of AIDS, a thorough evaluation for this disorder should be undertaken. PMID- 3904654 TI - Effectiveness of potassium chloride or triamterene in thiazide hypokalemia. AB - Potassium chloride was compared with triamterene in a crossover trial involving 16 hypertensive patients with overt diuretic-induced hypokalemia. Potassium chloride, 24 to 96 mEq/day, normalized the plasma potassium (PK) level at 3.5 mEq/L or more in only eight of the patients. The average increase in PK level was 0.58 mEq/L. Triamterene, 50 to 200 mg daily, normalized PK level in ten of the patients. The average increase in PK level was 0.72 mEq/L, which was not significantly different than that with potassium therapy. Some patients who responded to potassium did not respond to triamterene, and vice versa. Most of the administered potassium was excreted in the urine even with persisting hypokalemia. Addition of triamterene to diuretic therapy resulted in a small but statistically significant increase in plasma creatinine level. PMID- 3904655 TI - Captopril in the treatment of the elderly hypertensive patient. AB - As part of a large multicenter surveillance study of captopril, 975 hypertensive patients aged 65 years or older were treated, 418 of whom received the drug for at least 12 months. Blood pressure was lowered from an entry level of 193/105 +/- 30/16 (mean +/- SD) to 159/88 +/- 25/12 mm Hg, and side effects were infrequent. During treatment, renal function was undisturbed in the majority of patients. The frequency of clinically evident hypotensive episodes did not differ from that found in the total study population, suggesting that in this age group, despite the reduction in blood pressure, cerebral perfusion was maintained. This experience suggests that captopril can be used for the treatment of the elderly hypertensive patient. PMID- 3904656 TI - Progress in cardiac pacing. Part I. PMID- 3904657 TI - Self-monitoring of blood glucose in diabetics treated with intraperitoneal insulin. PMID- 3904658 TI - Role of mitochondria in ethanol tolerance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - The presence of active mitochondria and oxidative metabolism is shown to be essential to maintain low inhibition levels by ethanol of the growth rate (mu), fermentation rate (nu) or respiration rate (rho) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae wild type strain S288C. Cells which have respiratory metabolism show Ki (ethanol inhibition constant) values for mu, nu and rho, higher (Ki greater than 1 M) than those of "petite" mutants or "grande" strains grown in anaerobiosis (Ki = 0.7 M). In addition, the relationship between mu or nu and ethanol concentration is linear in cells with respiratory metabolism and exponential in cells lacking respiration. When functional mitochondria are transferred to "petite" mutants, the resulting strain shows Ki values similar to those of the "grande" strain and the inhibition of mu and nu by increasing ethanol concentrations becomes linear. PMID- 3904659 TI - [Warsaw's military hospitals during the November uprising. II. 2. The hospital in the Sierakowskie Barracks]. PMID- 3904660 TI - [Simulation of mental illness by Jozef Pilsudski in the years 1900-1901 in the light of historical documents]. PMID- 3904661 TI - [Polish physicians in the struggle for the Polish character of the city Gdansk]. PMID- 3904662 TI - [Remarks on Stanislaw Konopka's "Polish Medical Bibliography of the 19th century 1801-1900"]. PMID- 3904663 TI - [Bibliography of the works of Stanislaw Szpilczynski]. PMID- 3904664 TI - [The Hospital Museum in Jaroslaw]. PMID- 3904665 TI - [Dr. Wladyslaw Michalowski 5.23.1919-1.13.1980]. PMID- 3904666 TI - Increase in the susceptibility of Salmonella strains to bactericidal activity of cord serum following treatment with agents disturbing surface structures. AB - Salmonella strains resistant to normal cord serum were found to become susceptible to it when the outer membrane was damaged by colistin, adult normal serum or Tris-HCl buffer. The present results indicate that after such treatment cord sera exert bactericidal effect, despite significant deficiencies in factors playing an essential role in this process. PMID- 3904667 TI - Studies on autolymphocytotoxic activity occurring in Treponema pallidum infection. AB - It was found that in sera of majority of syphilitic rabbits cold lymphocytotoxic activity occurs. This activity appears usually 3 to 10 weeks after infection and it is present for 9 to 10 weeks. Lymphocytotoxic activity was found in undiluted sera or diluted from 1/2 to 1/8. This activity was directed against B lymphocytes only. Lymphocytotoxicity was found only in sera with high level of VDRL antibodies. The role of this activity in syphilis is not known. The killing effect exerted on B lymphocytes producing syphilitic reagins directed not only against T. pallidum, suggests that lymphocytotoxic activity may take part in the regulation of humoral response at the beginning of syphilitic infection. PMID- 3904668 TI - The effect of polymethylmethacrylate on bone: an experimental study. AB - In order to assess the response of bone to low-viscosity polymethylmethacrylate, CMW or Simplex acrylic cement was digitally packed while in a doughy state into drill holes in the proximal diaphysis in each of four long bones (humeri and tibiae) of mongrel dogs. Histological assessment was performed in areas of minimal load at the interface between the viscoelastic bone and the acrylic cement. Decalcified and undecalcified sections were evaluated and a remodeling or activity index calculated. Fluorescent labeling studies were performed in order to assess bone growth. Animals were killed at 2, 4 or 5 months. Histological analysis showed a thin connective-tissue membrane containing scattered giant cells and histiocytes at the bone-cement interface. Inflammation was not an important facet of this response. The marrow and trabecular bone were viable, except for scattered localized areas of marrow necrosis and fibrosis immediately adjacent to the cement. The bone adjacent to the cement showed a lower remodeling or activity index, fewer fluorescent bands, and smaller distances between successive bands, suggesting decreased bone formation and turnover. The etiology of these findings may include a vascular disturbance secondary to disruption of the cortical and marrow circulation, temperature effects during cement polymerization, and/or chemical effects from the acrylic monomer. PMID- 3904669 TI - Involvement of metal particles in loosening of metal-plastic total hip prostheses. AB - Four loosened metal-on-plastic total hip prostheses and associated tissues were examined. Each implant showed an uncommonly high formation of metal particles produced by wear or corrosion of the femoral stem. The granulation tissue between bone and cement was characterized by macrophages containing metal particles. Histological, histochemical, and ultrastructural investigations have been performed to assess cellular reactions to ingested metal particles. Pathogenesis of loosening in these cases is discussed in relation to the role of macrophages in bone resorption. PMID- 3904670 TI - Respirator use in progressive neuromuscular diseases. AB - A survey was conducted to acquire information on the current pattern of respiratory device usage for patients with progressive neuromuscular diseases. Questionnaires were sent to 240 directors of Muscular Dystrophy Association (MDA) clinics. Of the 132 respondents, 32 (24%) physicians provide no respiratory support systems, 44 (33%) prescribe such systems routinely, and 56 (42%) provide the devices under specialized circumstances. A wide variety of negative and positive pressure ventilators are employed for patients having diseases such as amyotropic lateral sclerosis, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, spinal muscular atrophy. In the MDA clinics responding, 495 patients were found to be receiving some form of assisted ventilation. Of that number, 214 (43%) have permanent tracheostomies. We conclude that ventilators are being supplied to individuals with progressive neuromuscular disorders throughout the USA. However, there appear to be no standardized patient selection process or established protocol for respirator use in such cases. PMID- 3904671 TI - Deep vein thrombosis. PMID- 3904672 TI - Ultrasound-guided percutaneous transhepatic cholecystostomy for acute acalculous cholecystitis. AB - Ultrasound-guided percutaneous transhepatic cholecystostomy was performed in six critically ill patients who had acute acalculous cholecystitis. The clinical conditions of all six patients improved dramatically following transhepatic cholecystostomy. No complications of this bedside procedure occurred. Cholangiography via the inserted pigtail catheter was normal in four patients. Their catheters were removed after ten to 21 days. At follow-up examinations at four to 30 months they were free of signs of gallbladder disease. In one patient, ultrasonography showed desquamation of the mucosa in the gallbladder, which led to the decision to perform cholecystectomy two days after cholecystostomy. One patient, suffering from cholangiocarcinoma, died 120 days after cholecystostomy with the catheter in situ. In our experience, ultrasound-guided percutaneous transhepatic cholecystostomy is the treatment of choice to overcome a critical period in patients with acute acalculous cholecystitis. When post-drainage cholangiography is normal, cholecystectomy at a later stage is not indicated in the majority of these patients. PMID- 3904673 TI - Development of a safe and effective one-minute preoperative skin preparation. AB - Three consecutive controlled randomized clinical trials utilizing 1,324 patients were conducted to study the efficacy of incise drapes to prevent wound infections. When a polyester antimicrobial incise drape (loban 2 Antimicrobial Film) was applied to an operative area after a one-minute skin preparation using either 70% alcohol or 2% iodine in 90% alcohol, the clean wound infection rate (1.3%) and overall wound infection rate (2.5%) were comparable to those following a standard ten-minute skin preparation with Betadine (1.3% and 2.3%, respectively). During preliminary studies, it was demonstrated that separation of polyethylene antimicrobial incise drapes from the skin during operation was associated with a sixfold increase in infection rate when compared with operations in which the incise drape did not lift. Design of the drape and technique of application are important considerations in preventing lift from the skin. PMID- 3904675 TI - Rabbit antibodies against the major internal protein of a retrovirus-like particle bind to epidermal cells in psoriatic skin. Brief report. AB - A rabbit antiserum against the major internal protein, p27, of a psoriasis associated retrovirus-like particle has been used in indirect fluorescence microscopy of biopsies from psoriatic skin. The analysis indicate expression of p27 antigen in epithelial cells in psoriatic lesions and in clinically uninvolved psoriatic skin. A reaction of the antiserum with dermal vessel walls in the lesion was also observed. PMID- 3904674 TI - Tumor promotion in the liver. PMID- 3904676 TI - [Current aspects of nerve tissue culture]. PMID- 3904677 TI - [Physiopathology of arterial hypertension. II--The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system]. PMID- 3904678 TI - [Comparative, open and randomized evaluation of the antihypertensive activity of nifedipine and prazosin hydrochloride]. PMID- 3904679 TI - [Polyradiculoneuritis and malaria: report of a case]. AB - Case report of a patient who three weeks after a Plasmodium falciparum malaria presented the Guillain-Barre syndrome. There was a severe type of polyradiculoneuritis with tetraplegia and involvement of several cranial nerves (VI, VII, IX, X) evolving to death. The Guillain-Barre syndrome has been considered a immune disorder with several eliciting antigenic stimuli. The case suggests that protozoan may be one these antigenic factors. PMID- 3904680 TI - Lawrence Chester McHenry, Jr, MD (1929-1985). PMID- 3904682 TI - The literature of refractive surgery. PMID- 3904681 TI - Immunohistochemical localization of collagenase inhibitor in bovine dental pulp, pulp cells in monolayer culture, and in some oral connective tissues. AB - The development of an antiserum, monospecific to the collagenase inhibitor, from bovine dental pulps permitted localization of immunoreactive inhibitor protein, by means of both immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase-staining techniques in sections of bovine dental pulps. The immunoreactive inhibitor protein in bovine dental pulps is present both in cells and extracellular matrices. When cultured in Eagle minimal essential medium, coronal pulps from bovine-unerupted teeth were shown, by assay of the medium, to produce only about 1/10 of the amount of inhibitor produced by the root pulps. When compared by immunohistochemical observation, however, essentially no differences in fluorescent activity was found between coronal and root pulps. Specific cytoplasmic staining was seen both in explanted root-pulp tissues and in immature fibroblast-like pulp cells from monolayer cell cultures of bovine root pulps, which indicate that the pulp cells are responsible for inhibitor production. Sections of dental follicle and gingiva from the same animal, showed a distribution of immunoreactive inhibitor protein similar to that in dental pulps. PMID- 3904683 TI - Keratometric and refractive results of pediatric epikeratophakia. AB - Keratometric and refractive results of pediatric epikeratophakia showed that patients under 1 year of age had steeper corneas preoperatively and required more correction, as estimated by the Sanders-Retzlaff-Kraff regression formula. The average spherical equivalent of refractive error six months postoperatively was +6.92 +/- 4.67 diopters in patients under 1 year, and -0.72 +/- 4.22 D in patients over 1 year. Three of 14 younger patients and 35 of 54 older patients were within 3 D of emmetropia. Since March 1982, significant undercorrection has occurred only in patients 6 months old or younger. Younger children achieved an average of 46% of the predicted change in corneal curvature, while older children achieved 85%. Also, the Sanders-Retzlaff-Kraff formula may be inaccurate in estimating powers for younger children. Therefore, we recommend at this time that epikeratophakia be used as a secondary procedure in neonates with congenital cataracts. PMID- 3904684 TI - Ocular cicatricial pemphigoid with granular IgA and complement deposition. AB - A 65-year-old woman developed chronic redness of both eyes, and, over the ensuing 2 1/2 years, she had progressive conjunctival scarring with symblepharon formation. Other mucosal surfaces were not involved. A conjunctival biopsy specimen 12 months following onset of her disease showed areas of epithelial separation from the basement membrane zone as well as subepithelial chronic inflammation and scarring. Two years later, another conjunctival biopsy specimen showed granular deposition of IgA and C3 along the epithelial basement membrane zone using direct immunofluorescent staining. Electron microscopy confirmed the presence of deposits that were morphologically consistent with antigen-antibody complexes. These findings suggest that antigen-antibody (IgA) immune-complex deposition may provide an alternative pathogenetic mechanism to basement membrane zone autoantibody formation for development of progressive conjunctival scarring. PMID- 3904685 TI - Ultrasonic characteristics of retinopathy of prematurity presenting with leukokoria. AB - The B-mode ultrasonic appearance of eyes afflicted with retinopathy of prematurity exhibiting leukokoria was retrospectively investigated as an aid to increase the accuracy in assessing the patient with leukokoria. B-mode sonograms were obtained employing the immersion technique (Sonometrics 150 A/B-mode instrument). Contact A-mode confirmation was made (Kretztechnik 7200 MA instrument). Prominent B-mode characteristics included echo patterns consistent with increased corneal thickness (47%), shallow anterior chamber depth (73%), malpositioned lens (64%), cataractous lens changes (64%), fibroproliferation in the anterior vitreous (63%), total retinal detachment (53%), partial retinal detachment and/or retinal fold (30%), choroidal thickening (30%), and acoustic shadowing of orbital fat (33%). Together, these features aid in the ultrasonic differentiation from other causes of leukokoria. PMID- 3904686 TI - Large cell lymphoma of the orbit with microvillous projections ('porcupine lymphoma'). AB - A 57-year-old man had a diffuse mass in the lacrimal gland area associated with extensive bony destruction. A malignant epithelial tumor of the lacrimal gland was suspected clinically, and a biopsy specimen disclosed an undifferentiated malignant neoplasm of uncertain origin. Ultrastructural studies, however, revealed features of a lymphoid tumor with myriad cytoplasmic microvillous projections. The patient has had no evidence of systemic lymphoma after more than three years of follow-up. To our knowledge, this is the first report of orbital involvement of a large cell lymphoma with microvillous projections ("porcupine lymphoma"). The role of electron microscopy in the differential diagnosis of this orbital tumor was important, since epithelial tumors of the lacrimal gland are best managed by surgical excision, whereas lymphoid tumors usually respond satisfactorily to radiotherapy. PMID- 3904687 TI - Conjunctival transplantation. Autologous and homologous grafts. AB - Autologous conjunctival transplants have been used successfully for restoration of damaged ocular surfaces. Homologous (allogeneic) conjunctival grafts have been explored less systematically. We developed a nonhuman primate model for comparison of autologous and homologous conjunctival transplantation in order to assess the clinical viability and immunopathologic characteristics of these grafts. Autologous or homologous grafts were performed in nine adult rhesus monkeys. Both autologous and homologous grafts were compared for clinical viability and immunopathologic change. Clinical results suggest that, although homologous grafts incited a greater inflammatory and scarring response, there was minimal graft shrinkage and a normal surface epithelium. Immunopathologic studies using laminin, bullous pemphigoid antigen, and fibronectin indicate that, despite the increased inflammatory response seen in homografts, the epithelial surface is normal. With our increasing ability to modulate the immune response, conjunctival homografts may play a role in restoration of the ocular surface. PMID- 3904688 TI - The medial spindle procedure for involutional medial ectropion. AB - Involutional medial ectropion responds poorly to traditional ectropion procedures. Eversion of the lacrimal punctum must be functionally corrected to reestablish normal corneal wetting physiology as well as tear-lake drainage. We describe our retropunctal approach with emphasis on a new, enhanced closure that utilizes the lower eyelid retractors. This stabilizes the medial eyelid margin in order to obtain and maintain good functional and cosmetic results. This procedure allows a predictable anatomic approach that is easily performed and can be combined with other procedures, such as a lateral tarsal strip, medial canthal tendon plication, or skin graft or flap, when required. PMID- 3904689 TI - Histopathological studies in the long-term evaluation of Plastipore prostheses. AB - Polyethylene sponge (Plastipore TM) prostheses were clinically implanted in the middle ear for periods varying from 2 weeks to 6 years. Revision surgery allowed removal of 98 of these prostheses for histological examinations. Local foreign body reactions and/or microscopic breakdown of the polyethylene were found to varying degrees in 95 of the 98 prostheses. The remaining 3 prostheses showed only fibrous tissue ingrowth without other changes. We compared the histopathology present with the length of time of implantation, and found that the changes noted were more frequent and marked in those prostheses implanted for long periods of time. PMID- 3904690 TI - Nerve fibres containing peptide histidine isoleucine (PHI) in the respiratory tract. AB - Recent studies have indicated that vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and peptide histidine isoleucine (PHI) are formed by cleavage of a common precursor protein. In the present study we have examined the distribution of nerve fibres displaying PHI-like immunoreactivity in the upper respiratory tract of several mammalian species including man. PHI fibres were found to have the same general distribution as previously described for VIP fibres. These fibres were distributed mainly in the subepithelial connective tissue around both seromucous glands and blood vessels. In the tracheal wall, PHI fibres were also seen in the non-vascular smooth muscle. Sequential immunostaining for PHI and VIP revealed co existence of the two peptides in the same nerve fibres. PMID- 3904691 TI - The polymorphism of alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenase in the Japanese and its significance in ethanol metabolism. PMID- 3904692 TI - A longitudinal survey of removable partial dentures. II. Clinical evaluation of dentures. PMID- 3904693 TI - Interpositional bone-grafting of the atrophic edentulous mandible. A review. PMID- 3904694 TI - Rejection of syngeneic skin grafts following retransplantation from histo incompatible rats. AB - Normal syngeneic recipients rejected a substantial proportion of skin grafts following their retransplantation after a period of residence on tolerant allogeneic or normal semi-allogeneic hosts. Rejection was often atypical in its delayed onset and protracted course. Examination of the effect of a variety of manipulations of graft donors and of intermediate hosts revealed that active involvement of cells derived from both categories was required for the initiation of an allograft reaction after transfer to the ultimate, syngeneic recipient. Liability of retransplanted syngeneic skin grafts to rejection could be almost entirely abolished by their exposure to 300 rads irradiation before placement on the intermediate host. Skin from neonatally thymectomized donors or from rats specifically tolerant of the intermediate F1 hybrid host was much less liable to ultimate rejection than was skin from normal hosts. These experiments suggest that rejection of re-transplanted, syngeneic grafts may result from some form of activation of cells of the graft during its period on the intermediate host. PMID- 3904695 TI - Tolerance induced by male skin grafts in female CBA mice can suppress the generation of H-Y specific cytotoxic T cells. PMID- 3904696 TI - An automated method for leucocyte adherence inhibition testing. AB - The detection of anti-tumour cell-mediated immunity in cancer patients by the leucocyte adherence inhibition test was reported in 1974. The test has since been variously described as capricious, non-reproducible and invalid. These criticisms may be related to the critical and difficult to reproduce washing procedure of the original test. In order to overcome this, an automated assay has been developed. The apparatus devised allows replicate samples to be tested concurrently. It consists of 30 X 100 microliter syringes whose barrels have been extended by nylon cones (1500 microliter) and whose plungers move synchronously. Suspensions of washed peripheral blood leucocytes with serum and tumour antigen are incubated in the syringes. Non-adherent cells are washed from the syringes by fully withdrawing their plungers and allowing entry of 1,000 microliter of saline from the cones. The effluent containing non-adherent cells is collected and automatically counted. A one-way analysis of variance using a statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) programme for the syringe, wash and drainage volumes indicates that the variance between syringes is so small that sub division of the syringes into control and test groups is justified. The crudity of the prototype, however, results in variations between volumes aspirated on successive occasions. Preliminary clinical studies show that 13/15 patients have a test result which correlates with their Mantoux status. PMID- 3904697 TI - Long-term acceptance of full thickness body skin grafts between Bos taurus-Bos indicus chimeric twins. AB - Body skin was grafted between Bos taurus-Bos indicus haemopoietic chimeric calves produced by embryo transfer. Grafts of body skin from Bos taurus animals to their Bos indicus chimeric co-twins survived for more than 2 and 1/2 years as assessed by the growth of hair from the grafts. There was no evidence of survival of the reciprocal grafts. It is suggested that depilation, dehydration and desquamation are not suitable criteria for assessment of skin grafts in cattle. PMID- 3904698 TI - Pregnancy after renal transplantation. AB - During the 13 year period 1971 to 1984 there were 38 pregnancies in 21 renal transplant patients at the Johannesburg Hospital. Twenty-two ended with live births and included two sets of twins; there were nine spontaneous abortions, six therapeutic abortions, and one stillbirth. Maternal complications were mild in the majority but five patients suffered deterioration in renal function, two undergoing transplant nephrectomy as a result of this. There were seven neonatal deaths, including both sets of twins; death was due to prematurity in six and congenital malformation (diaphragmatic hernia) in one. A further infant had congenital pyloric stenosis which was corrected surgically. Pregnancies were analysed according to whether or not their outcome was successful. Those with a successful outcome had less exposure to warfarin during pregnancy (p = 0.0025) and showed a tendency towards lower immunosuppressive doses of prednisone and azathioprine although these did not reach significance. Although these results indicate an unhappy prognosis for both the mother and fetus, two redeeming features are to be noted. Pregnancy outcome improved markedly in the latter years, possibly owing to non-exposure to warfarin, less immunosuppression, and improvement in neonatal care, and four of the five mothers who suffered deterioration in renal function were notoriously unco-operative in their medical care. Pregnancy can only be recommended in the transplanted patient who has stable renal function, is compliant in taking of medications, and whose graft is of such age that the immunosuppressive drug dose is minimal. Warfarin should be avoided. PMID- 3904699 TI - Captopril-induced natriuresis, polyuria, and acidification defect after renal transplantation. PMID- 3904700 TI - The choice of ulcer healing agent influences duodenal ulcer relapse rate and long term clinical outcome. AB - The mode of pharmacological healing influences subsequent ulcer relapse. Duodenal ulcer relapse following healing and withdrawal of active therapy has been studied in 18 prospectively randomised comparative studies involving cimetidine and alternative healing agents. Most studies (eleven of the 18) showed comparative agents with a lower (greater than 10%) incidence of relapse than cimetidine while a minority (seven of the 18) showed equal (+/- 10%) relapse. The probability of this distribution occurring by chance is less than 1:1000 (p = 0.0005, sign test). In three of the 11 published comparative studies the relapse rate was significantly higher in those who had previously received cimetidine (p less than 0.05, two-sided significance test). This was despite the fact that most of the individual studies were small and required a substantial difference in results for the 5% significance level to be reached. Paired comparative incidences of relapse at six months were converted to relapse rates (percentage of healed population relapsing monthly), average rates for comparative agents were 8.05 +/- 2.7% while those for cimetidine were 16.9 +/- 4.4% (means +/- SEM, n = 5); cimetidine relapse rates derived from non-comparative trials were 17.0 +/- 1.9% (means +/- SEM, n = 7). Higher relapse rates translate into larger numbers of patients at risk and in need of active therapy. These results are of biological and clinical significance. Differences in relapse must reflect beneficial effects of one group of agents on the ulcer diathesis or adverse effects of the comparator, cimetidine. Each alternative reflects negatively on cimetidine as an antiulcer medication; however, confirmation of adverse effects would force radical review of most current therapy of ulcer disease. Research into ulcer therapeutics must emphasise both the relapse and the healing potential of pharmacologic agents. PMID- 3904701 TI - Pathogenesis of bacterial infections: some determinants of virulence in Gram negative bacteria. PMID- 3904702 TI - Suppression of skin reactivity to bovine tuberculin in repeat tests. AB - In cattle sensitised with killed Mycobacterium bovis an intradermal injection of either 0.3mg or 0.1mg bovine purified protein derivative tuberculin in the caudal fold suppressed skin reactivity to both bovine and avian tuberculin in comparative cervical tuberculin tests carried out 4 and 7 days later. Complete return to original sensitivity did not occur in all cattle when re-tested 60 days later but this level of sensitivity was not significantly different from that measured in initial tests. There were large individual variations in skin reaction to the sensitising dose in all treatment groups as found by others working with naturally infected cattle. PMID- 3904703 TI - Cryptosporidium infections in man, animals, birds and fish. AB - The protozoan parasite Cryptosporidium has gained better recognition over the last decade as an enteropathogen in a wide variety of host animals. Prior to 1975, infections were thought to occur infrequently and to be largely asymptomatic in nature. However, recent studies have revealed the organism to be more prevalent and pathogenic than previously thought. Infections producing clinical disease have been recorded in numerous host species including man, and the organism is now regarded as a newly-emergent zoonosis. This paper collates information currently available on the host range and specificity, life cycle and pathogenicity of the parasite and summarises the various techniques used to diagnose infections. PMID- 3904704 TI - Ultrasound of splenic epidermoid cyst in children. PMID- 3904705 TI - The amniotic flop--a new ultrasonographic sign. PMID- 3904706 TI - The role of ultrasound in the management of twin pregnancies. PMID- 3904707 TI - Psoas abscess: ultrasonographic and computed tomographic appearances. PMID- 3904708 TI - Toward breast screening. PMID- 3904709 TI - Passing the torch: Levy M. Hathaway and David N.W. Grant. AB - Relatively unknown but, at the same time, of some significance to the aviation medicine historian, is the story of Colonel Levy Millspaugh Hathaway. An experienced military surgeon and a decorated veteran of World War I, Hathaway became the third Chief of the Medical Section, Office of the Chief of the Air Corps. Of primary importance is his appearance in Washington in time to influence the young David N.W. Grant and to engineer his eventual acceptance to the School of Aviation Medicine. This paper sheds some light on the career of this unknown aviation medicine pioneer and shows how he was instrumental in bringing Grant into aviation medicine, thereby changing the course of history. PMID- 3904710 TI - Behavioral airsickness management program for student pilots. AB - The management of recurrent airsickness in student pilots has traditionally involved positive reinforcement of motivation and limited use of medication. The Behavioral Airsickness Management (BAM) program seeks to establish an effective behavioral and cognitive intervention format for managing airsickness symptoms. There were 37 student pilots experiencing recurrent airsickness who were exposed to an assessment and rehabilitation program designed to develop diaphragmatic breathing skills while rapidly reducing physiological tension via cue-evoked relaxation strategies. Cognitive modification techniques were also included in the treatment protocol. Of the 37 students, 35 were returned to their flying training program with no recurrences of the airsickness problems. Cross validation evidence is offered, as well as hypotheses for the program's success. PMID- 3904711 TI - Protein kinase C activation leading to protein F1 phosphorylation may regulate synaptic plasticity by presynaptic terminal growth. AB - It has recently been proposed by the author that protein kinase C regulates the expression of synaptic plasticity. In the present review it is suggested that this regulation involves a growth of presynaptic terminals. This proposal was based on the discovery that one of the substrates of protein kinase C, protein F1 (molecular mass = 47 kDa, pI = 4.5) is increased in its phosphorylation 5 min, 1 hr, and 3 days following long-term potentiation (LTP) in the intact hippocampal formation. No other phosphoprotein studied was altered by LTP. The amplitude or persistence of synaptic plasticity was directly related to the extent of protein F1 phosphorylation. As a critical control, it was shown that protein F1 was unaltered following synaptic activation that did not alter synaptic strength. Protein F1 in the hippocampus was also altered in its phosphorylation after an experience involving memory of a spatial environment. Phosphorylation F1 may thus participate in both neurophysiological and behavioral events that evoke plasticity. The identification of the F1 substrate has recently been sought. The physical characteristics of protein F1 (mol wt., isoelectric point) indicate that it is the same as the B-50 protein and the growth protein, GAP-43. Protein F1 is then a brain-specific, synaptically enriched phosphoprotein. Recent evidence indicates that protein F1 is present in high concentration in growth cones of late embryonic rat brain in which postsynaptic specializations are not detected, suggesting a presynaptic locus. With respect to the identity of the F1 kinase, we have shown that protein F1, like B-50, is a substrate for protein kinase C, a Ca2+/phospholipid-dependent kinase. Activation of this enzyme by tumor-promoting phorbol esters can trigger cell growth and neurite extension. Recent evidence indicates a presynaptic localization of the enzyme. On the basis of the colocalization of enzyme and substrate in the presynaptic terminal it is proposed that protein kinase C control of the phosphorylation state of protein F1 may regulate the expression of synaptic plasticity via presynaptic terminal growth. PMID- 3904712 TI - Hybridocytochemistry as a tool for the investigation of chromatin organization. AB - The study of nuclear components in cells and tissues has resulted in a wealth of information with regard to the role of chromatin in cellular processes. Here, a survey is given of procedures which allow the cytochemical investigation of nucleic acid present in microscopic preparations of cells, nuclei or metaphase chromosomes. Special attention is given to recent developments in hybridocytochemistry (in situ hybridization) which facilitate microscopic identification and localization of specific nucleotide sequences within the total amount of nucleic acids present. Some of the potentialities and limitations of these in situ hybridization methods are discussed. PMID- 3904713 TI - Mutagenesis-enhancement by plasmids in mutagenesis tester strains. AB - The plasmid pKM101 has played a very important role in the success of the Ames Salmonella test for carcinogens and mutagens. It was derived from the clinically isolated plasmid R46 by an in vivo deletion and confers upon its host both increased resistance to killing by UV irradiation and increased susceptibility to UV and chemical mutagenesis. pKM101 exerts its effects by coding for two genes mucA and mucB, which are analogs of the chromosomally-encoded genes umuD and umuC. The products of the umuD/C locus are required for UV and chemical mutagenesis. The mucA/B and umuD/C loci code for products of very similar molecular weight and the transcription organization of the two loci is identical. Expression of both the mucA/B and umuD/C loci is induced by DNA damage, and is regulated by the recA lexA control circuit. PMID- 3904714 TI - Situation-dependent repair of DNA damage in yeast. AB - The concept of channelling of lesions in DNA into defined repair systems has been used to explain many aspects of induced and spontaneous mutation. The channelling hypothesis states that lesions excluded from one repair process will be taken up by another repair process. This is a simplification. The three known modes of repair of damage induced by radiation are not equivalent modes of repair; they are, instead, different solutions to the problem of replacement of damaged molecules with new molecules which have the same informational content as those that were damaged. The mode of repair that is used is the result of the response to the situation in which the damage takes place. Thus, when the most likely mode of repair does not take place, then the situation changes with respect to the repair of the lesion; the lesion may enter the replication fork and be reparable by another route. PMID- 3904715 TI - Mutagen testing with yeast. AB - This article deals primarily with the practical aspects of mutagen testing with yeast. Equipment necessary for a laboratory where mutagen testing with yeast is performed, and the most commonly used media, are listed. Some general procedures are described and, finally, for those who have little experience with work of this kind, a precise protocol is given for an experiment with stationary phase cells of the strain D7 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae using the heteroallelic ade2 system as the genetic endpoint. Some experimental data were obtained by students following this protocol using the direct-acting mutagen ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS); these data are discussed and analyzed. More details on the various genetic endpoints available in numerous yeast strains and on the interpretation of dose dependence data, as well as an extended list of yeast literature, can be found in an article by Eckardt and von Borstel in this volume. Further technical advice is provided in our references to Zimmermann (1975), von Borstel (1981), and Zimmermann et al. (1984). PMID- 3904716 TI - Water contamination and environmental mutagens. AB - Citizens of industrialized and developing nations share a common concern for safe water sources, but each group must contend with different priorities and problems. Examples of pollution involving surface, ground, and irrigation water are presented. The Salmonella mutagenesis assay has proven to be a valuable bioassay for detection and isolation of unknown water-borne mutagens, and is useful in monitoring the levels of mutagenic pesticides. PMID- 3904717 TI - Antioxidants and longevity of mammalian species. PMID- 3904718 TI - Myofibrillar organization and desmin in rat heart myocytes. AB - The distribution of desmin, and alpha-actinin was studied in vivo growing rat heart myocytes and in vitro cultured heart myocytes using double indirect immunofluorescence labelling. Myocytes growing in vivo exhibited a superimposable pattern of alpha-actinin and desmin at the level of the Z discs and intercalated discs. Cultured neonate rat heart myocytes concurrently exhibited changes in shape and a loss of myofibrillar register. Whereas alpha-actinin staining remained unchanged, that of desmin disappeared from the Z discs but persisted as cables and randomly oriented foci throughout the sarcoplasm. We conclude that desmin binding to the Z discs is correlated with the in register organization of myofibrils. PMID- 3904719 TI - Mechanisms of ischemic injury in the heart. AB - Cardiac ischemia is characterized by rapid deterioration of cardiac function, which has been linked to the fall in intracellular pH, increased levels of inorganic phosphate and reduction in free energy change of ATP-hydrolysis. Biochemical events responsible for irreversible myocardial injury involve various mechanisms which change the properties of the cardiac cell membrane (disorders in lipid metabolism, free radical formation). Recent evidence suggests that in the heart, xanthine oxidase is a major source of free radical formation. During ischemia, adenine-nucleotide breakdown in the cardiomyocyte proceeds only to the stage of inosine. Due to the localisation of nucleoside phosphorylase and xanthine-oxidase in vascular endothelium, further degradation of inosine to hypoxanthine, xanthine and uric acid occurs predominantly in the vascular space. It is therefore conceivable that the primary site of reperfusion injury in the ischemic heart may be the coronary endothelium damaged by free radicals. PMID- 3904720 TI - The isolation and characterization of calcium-tolerant myocytes. AB - Isolated cells obtained from adult myocardium are proving invaluable for a wide range of studies concerned with the mechanisms underlying many important cardiological processes. Although care must always be taken to ensure that the single myocyte is an appropriate model for the particular question to be researched, it is to be anticipated that much additional important data on heart function will be obtained using this experimental approach. PMID- 3904722 TI - [Value of interpositional plastic surgery (bridge graft) within the framework of secondary flexor tendon repair surgery]. PMID- 3904721 TI - Isolated heart cells as a model of the myocardium. AB - The history of the isolation of single living heart muscle cells is briefly traced. Advantages and limitations of this model are discussed, with emphasis on uses for which either mature or immature cells are the model of choice. PMID- 3904723 TI - [Experiences with primary surgical treatment of fibular capsular ligament injuries of the upper ankle joint in a welfare hospital]. PMID- 3904724 TI - [Experiences with sonography of the dislocated hip]. PMID- 3904725 TI - [Multicenter study of flexor tendon surgery in East Germany]. PMID- 3904726 TI - Ribitol dehydrogenase of Klebsiella aerogenes. Sequence and properties of wild type and mutant strains. AB - Evidence is presented for the sequence of 249 amino acids in ribitol dehydrogenase-A from Klebsiella aerogenes. Continuous culture on xylitol yields strains that superproduce 'wild-type' enzyme but mutations appear to have arisen in this process. Other strains selected by such continuous culture produce enzymes with increased specific activity for xylitol but without loss of ribitol activity. One such enzyme, ribitol dehydrogenase-D, has Pro-196 for Gly-196. Another, ribitol dehydrogenase-B, has a different mutation. PMID- 3904727 TI - Hormone-induced actin polymerization in rat hepatoma cells and human leucocytes. AB - Treatment of rat hepatoma cells with insulin, glucagon, thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) caused a concentration-dependent decrease in the monomeric actin content as measured by the deoxyribonuclease-I inhibition assay. Similarly, human peripheral blood neutrophils responded with a decrease in monomeric actin content when stimulated with T4, T3 and the adrenergic agonists phenylephrine and isoprenaline. The effect of phenylephrine could be blocked by phentolamine, demonstrating the specificity of the interaction. These observations suggest that hormone-induced actin changes might be an important event in response to both cell-surface-reactive hormones, such as insulin, glucagon and adrenergic agents, and those hormones that act through intracellular receptors, such as thyroid hormones. It is suggested that changes in actin state may have a role in metabolic regulation and cell growth. PMID- 3904728 TI - Effects of diabetes on the expressed and total activities of 3-hydroxy-3 methylglutaryl-CoA reductase in rat liver in vivo. Reversal by insulin treatment. AB - The expressed and total activities of HMG-CoA (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA) reductase (EC 1.1.1.34) were measured in microsomal fractions prepared from cold clamped liver samples [Easom & Zammit (1984) Biochem. J. 220, 733-738] from control or insulin-treated diabetic animals. Streptozotocin-induced diabetes resulted in a marked decrease in total activity of HMG-CoA reductase and in the fraction of the enzyme in the active form, but appreciable effects were only observed in the liver of animals in which the blood glucose was above 20 mM. Intravenous infusion of insulin into diabetic rats resulted in a rapid (less than 20 min) and total dephosphorylation of the enzyme in vivo without any change in total activity. Longer-term (4 h) treatment with insulin (injected intraperitoneally) produced a rapid increase in expressed/total HMG-CoA reductase activity ratio to about 90%, followed, after a lag of 2-3 h, by a 5-6-fold increase in total activity. These observations are discussed with respect to the possible role of insulin in generating and maintaining the respective diurnal rhythms in total and in expressed/total HMG-CoA reductase activity ratio observed for normal animals in vivo [Easom & Zammit (1984) Biochem. J. 220, 739-745]. PMID- 3904729 TI - Affinity purification and refined structural characterization of terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase. AB - A total of 56 stable murine hybridoma monoclones that produce homogeneous antibodies against human or calf terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase have been established. All of the antibodies exhibited specific binding to various Mr forms of terminal transferase and eight possessed neutralizing activity. Results are presented that permitted characterization of ten of these antibodies with respect to their immunoglobulin class, their recognition of calf or human terminal transferase Mr species by immunoblotting techniques and their recognition of distinct antigenic sites. Terminal transferase was purified in a single step by using an immunoaffinity column constructed with a monoclonal antibody exhibiting a high binding affinity for the enzyme. Single monoclonal antibodies were also used to bind selectively to terminal-transferase antigen in tissue slices and individual cells. PMID- 3904730 TI - Propanediol oxidoreductases of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Salmonella typhimurium. Aspects of interspecies structural and regulatory differentiation. AB - The enzyme propanediol oxidoreductase, which converts the lactaldehyde formed in the metabolism of fucose and rhamnose into propane-1,2-diol under anaerobic conditions, was investigated in Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Salmonella typhimurium. Structural analysis indicated that the enzymes of E. coli and K. pneumoniae have the same Mr and pI, whereas that of Salm. typhimurium also has the same Mr but a slightly different pI. One-dimensional peptide mapping showed identity between the E. coli and K. pneumoniae enzymes when digested with alpha-chymotrypsin, Staphylococcus aureus V8 proteinase or subtilisin. In the case of Salm. typhimurium, this held only for the subtilisin-digested enzymes, indicating that the hydrophobic regions were preserved to a considerable extent. Anaerobically, the three species induced an active propanediol oxidoreductase when grown on fucose or rhamnose. An inactive propanediol oxidoreductase was induced in Salm. typhimurium by either fucose or rhamnose under aerobic conditions, and this was activated once anaerobiosis was established. An inactive propanediol oxidoreductase was also induced in E. coli under aerobic conditions, but only by growth on fucose. The inactive enzyme was not induced by either of the sugars in K. pneumoniae. PMID- 3904731 TI - Calcium-independent phosphatidylinositol response in gonadotropin-releasing hormone-stimulated pituitary cells. AB - This paper describes the effect of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH, gonadoliberin) on phospholipid metabolism in cultured rat pituitary cells. The cells were incubated with [32P]Pi to label endogenous phospholipids (10-60 min) and then stimulated with GnRH for up to 60 min. Cellular phospholipids were separated by two-dimensional t.l.c. and the radioactivity was determined. Phosphatidylinositol (PI), a minor constituent of cellular phospholipids (7.7%), was the major labelled phospholipid, accounting for 45% of the total radioactivity, at early periods after pulse labelling. On the other hand, phosphatidylcholine, the major cellular phospholipid (37%), was labelled only to 32% of the total radioactivity. The remaining label was distributed among phosphatidylethanolamine (4.2%), cardiolipin (3.4%), phosphatidic acid (PA, 2.5%), and phosphatidylserine (1.8%). GnRH doubled 32P labelling of PA and PI significantly at 1 and 5 min of incubation respectively in the presence or absence of extracellular Ca2+. Labelling of other phospholipids was not affected by GnRH treatment. The half-maximal stimulating dose (ED50) for PI labelling and lutropin release was 0.75 nM and 0.5 nM respectively, and the stimulatory effect was blocked by the potent GnRH antagonist [D-Glp1,pClPhe2,D-Trp3,6]GnRH. GnRH stimulated PA and PI labelling could not be demonstrated after 1 and 45 min of incubation respectively, or when the prelabelling was conducted for 60 min rather than 10 min. These results suggest heterogeneous compartmentalization of gonadotroph PA and PI pools and that increased PI turnover might be a transducing signal for Ca2+ gating that follows gonadotroph GnRH-receptor activation. PMID- 3904732 TI - Preliminary results for the primary structure of bacterioferritin of Escherichia coli. AB - Bacterioferritins are type-b cytochromes which resemble ferritin. Amino acid analysis combined with chemical modification and partial sequence analysis characterize bacterioferritin of Escherichia coli in terms of its primary structure. It is a protein composed of one kind of polypeptide chain that commences with methionine and terminates with glutamic acid. The length of the polypeptide chain is, tentatively, 146 residues. Besides the N-terminal methionine residue there are three more methionine residues, which yield four CNBr peptides, which have been aligned. The identity of the following positions in the sequence has been ascertained: residues 1-25, 30-37, 83-88, 127-132 and 143-146. No homology with ferritin was found. PMID- 3904733 TI - Effects of short-term insulin deficiency on lipogenesis and cholesterol synthesis in rat small intestine and liver in vivo. AB - The rate of lipogenesis in rat intestine increased on oral glucose loading and decreased after induction of acute insulin deficiency with streptozotocin. The latter effects could be partially reversed by administration of insulin. Parallel changes in the rate of lipogenesis were found in liver. In contrast, insulin deficiency did not alter the rate of cholesterol synthesis in intestine, but decreased it in liver. The physiological significance of the regulation of intestinal lipogenesis by insulin is discussed. PMID- 3904734 TI - Arrhenius plots of acetylcholinesterase activity in mammalian erythrocytes and in Torpedo electric organ. Effect of solubilization by proteinases and by a phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C. AB - The temperature-dependence of the catalytic activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) from rat erythrocyte-ghost membranes and from Torpedo electric-organ membranes was examined. In the case of rat erythrocyte AChE, a non-linear Arrhenius plot was observed both before and after solubilization by a phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C or by proteinase treatment. Similarly, no significant differences were observed in Arrhenius plots of Torpedo electric-organ AChE before or after solubilization. These results support our suggestion that the catalytic subunit of AChE does not penetrate deeply into the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane and also suggest that care must be taken in ascribing break points in Arrhenius plots of membrane-bound enzymes to changes in their lipid environment. PMID- 3904735 TI - Ring cleavage and degradative pathway of cyanuric acid in bacteria. AB - The degradative pathway of cyanuric acid [1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione] was examined in Pseudomonas sp. strain D. The bacterium grew with cyanuric acid, biuret, urea or NH4+ as sole source of nitrogen, and each substrate was entirely metabolized concomitantly with growth. Enzymes from strain D were separated by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and three reactions were examined. Cyanuric acid (1 mol) was converted stoichiometrically into 1.0 mol of CO2 and 1.1 mol of biuret, which was conclusively identified. Biuret (1 mol) was converted stoichiometrically into 1.1 mol of NH4+, about 1 mol of CO2 and 1.0 mol of urea, which was conclusively identified. Urea (1 mol) was converted into 1.9 mol of NH4+ and 1.0 mol of CO2. The reactions proceeded under aerobic or anoxic conditions and were presumed to be hydrolytic. Data indicate that the same pathway occurred in another pseudomonad and a strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae. PMID- 3904736 TI - Fluorescence studies on the nucleotide- and Ca2+-binding domains of molluscan myosin. AB - The effects of nucleotides and Ca2+ on the intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence of molluscan myosin and its proteolytic fragments were studied. By using these proteins from the scallop, Pecten maximus, the existence of two distinct tryptophan-containing domains was established, which respond independently to ATP and Ca2+-specific binding. The latter is located in the 'neck' region of the myosin, which constitutes the regulatory domain. Subfragment 1, lacking the regulatory domain, responded only to ATP binding. On the other hand a tryptic fragment comprising the regulatory domain responded only to Ca2+ binding. Subfragment 1, containing the regulatory domain, responded to both ATP and Ca2+, but its ATPase activity was Ca2+-insensitive. By contrast, the ATPase activity of HMM was Ca2+-sensitive. Increasing the ionic strength had a detrimental effect on Ca2+-sensitivity, and fluorescence studies on solubilized myosin were therefore of limited value. Myosin and its fragments from other molluscan species which were investigated produced similar changes to those of Pectan maximus. PMID- 3904737 TI - Proteinases from invasive larvae of the trematode parasite Schistosoma mansoni degrade connective-tissue and basement-membrane macromolecules. AB - Larvae of the human parasite Schistosoma mansoni, which invade the vascular system through the skin, secrete proteinases that degrade radioactively labeled extracellular matrices produced by smooth-muscle cells, dermal fibroblasts and endothelial cells. The proteinase purified from one larval form, the cercaria, degrades fibronectin and laminin and is a type-specific collagenase with activity against basement-membrane collagens IV and VIII, but not interstitial collagens I, III and V. The substrate specificity of this enzyme resembles that of the proteolytic enzymes which facilitate tissue invasion by inflammatory cells and tumour cells. PMID- 3904739 TI - The de novo phospholipid effect of insulin is associated with increases in diacylglycerol, but not inositol phosphates or cytosolic Ca2+. AB - We have previously reported that insulin increases the synthesis de novo of phosphatidic acid (PA), phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidylinositol 4 phosphate (PIP), phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) and diacylglycerol (DAG) in BC3H-1 myocytes and/or rat adipose tissue. Here we have further characterized these effects of insulin and examined whether there are concomitant changes in inositol phosphate generation and Ca2+ mobilization. We found that insulin provoked very rapid increases in PI content (20% within 15 s in myocytes) and, after a slight lag, PIP and PIP2 content in both BC3H-1 myocytes and rat fat pads (measured by increases in 32P or 3H content after prelabelling phospholipids to constant specific radioactivity by prior incubation with 32Pi or [3H]inositol). Insulin also increased 32Pi incorporation into these phospholipids when 32Pi was added either simultaneously with insulin or 1 h after insulin. Thus, the insulin-induced increase in phospholipid content appeared to be due to an increase in phospholipid synthesis, which was maintained for at least 2 h. Insulin increased DAG content in BC3H-1 myocytes and adipose tissue, but failed to increase the levels of inositol monophosphate (IP), inositol bisphosphate (IP2) or inositol trisphosphate (IP3). The failure to observe an increase in IP3 (a postulated 'second messenger' which mobilizes intracellular Ca2+) was paralleled by a failure to observe an insulin-induced increase in the cytosolic concentration of Ca2+ in BC3H-1 myocytes as measured by Quin 2 fluorescence. Like insulin, the phorbol diester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) increased the transport of 2-deoxyglucose and aminoisobutyric acid in BC3H-1 myocytes. These effects of insulin and TPA appeared to be independent of extracellular Ca2+. We conclude that the phospholipid synthesis de novo effect of insulin is provoked very rapidly, and is attended by increases in DAG but not IP3 or Ca2+ mobilization. The insulin-induced increase in DAG does not appear to be a consequence of phospholipase C acting upon the expanded PI + PIP + PIP2 pool, but may be derived directly from PA. Our findings suggest the possibility that DAG (through protein kinase C activation) may function as an important intracellular 'messenger' for controlling metabolic processes during insulin action. PMID- 3904740 TI - Structural variations in actins. Biochemical and immunological tools for probing the structure of rabbit skeletal-muscle and bovine aortic actins. AB - Structural differences between skeletal-muscle and aortic actins were studied by using biochemical and immunological approaches. By using proteinase digestion we found that three regions of actin show structural differences: (a) in the C terminal part, (b) the region around residue 227 and (c) the region around residue 167. By using antibodies specific to particular actin conformations we can discriminate between monomeric and filamentous forms of the two actins. Our results show that the minor sequence variations of the N- and C-terminal regions induce structural change in these regions, but also some long-range structural variations in other regions. PMID- 3904738 TI - The myosin alkali light chain proteins and their genes. PMID- 3904741 TI - The preparation of tritiated insulin specifically labelled by semisynthesis at glycine-A1. AB - We have prepared and characterized semisynthetic [GlyA1-3H]insulin. The preparation was carried out at specific radioactivities ranging from 1Ci/mmol to 44Ci/mmol. The largest quantity prepared in any one synthesis was 3.5 mCi. Chemical degradation showed that the label was in its expected position in the molecule. The semisynthetic product behaved authentically on reversed-phase h.p.l.c. and radioimmunoassay. It gave the expected profiles of biological activity as regards depression of blood sugar concentration in rats and stimulation of conversion of glucose into lipid in isolated rat fat-cells. We discuss some applications for which this tracer would be particularly suited. An expanded version of this paper, containing full experimental details of the semisynthesis and characterization of [GlyA1-3H]insulin, has been deposited as Supplementary Publication SUP 50129 (30 pages) at the British Library (Lending Division), Boston Spa, Wetherby, West Yorkshire LS23 7BQ, U.K., from whom copies can be obtained on the terms indicated in Biochem. J. (1985) 225, 5. PMID- 3904743 TI - [Effect of subtotal small intestine resection on insulin and glucagon secretion by the isolated perfused rat pancreas following glucose stimulation]. AB - An attempt has been made to investigate possible regulatory effects of gastrointestinal hormones on insulin and glucagon secretion in Wistar rats that had been subjected to partial resection of the duodenum and jejunum or the ileum. Release of insulin and glucagon was studied on perfused pancrease 4 weeks after the operation. Partial resection of both the duodenum and jejunum resulted in a significant decrease of glucose-induced insulin secretion and basal glucagon release when compared with the controls. Glucagon release was not further suppressed by increasing glucose concentration in the perfusion medium. Resection of the ileum only had no effects. Also, there was no difference to be observed in plasma insulin levels between the two groups. Resection of the ileum, however, provoked a drastical decrease of plasma insulin levels. Food intake was not significantly changed while body weight slightly decreased 1 week after operation but returned to normal after 4 weeks. The results suggest that the various parts of the small intestine seem to be involved in the regulation of glucose stimulated insulin secretion as well as basal glucagon release. The alterations in glucose-stimulated insulin or glucose-suppressed glucagon secretion are likely due to the action of gastrointestinal hormones or hitherto unknown peptides. PMID- 3904742 TI - Membrane-bound lactate dehydrogenases and mandelate dehydrogenases of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus. Purification and properties. AB - Procedures were developed for the optimal solubilization of D-lactate dehydrogenase, D-mandelate dehydrogenase, L-lactate dehydrogenase and L-mandelate dehydrogenase from wall + membrane fractions of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus. D Lactate dehydrogenase and D-mandelate dehydrogenase were co-eluted on gel filtration, as were L-lactate dehydrogenase and L-mandelate dehydrogenase. All four enzymes could be separated by ion-exchange chromatography. D-Lactate dehydrogenase and D-mandelate dehydrogenase were purified by cholate extraction, (NH4)2SO4 fractionation, gel filtration, ion-exchange chromatography and chromatofocusing. The properties of D-lactate dehydrogenase and D-mandelate dehydrogenase were similar in several respects: they had relative molecular masses of 62 800 and 59 700 respectively, pI values of 5.8 and 5.5, considerable sensitivity to p-chloromercuribenzoate, little or no inhibition by chelating agents, and similar responses to pH. Both enzymes appeared to contain non covalently bound FAD as cofactor. PMID- 3904744 TI - Expression of intact Ki-ras p21 protein in Escherichia coli. AB - We have constructed recombinant plasmids capable of expressing in Escherichia coli the intact ras p21 protein encoded by Kirsten murine sarcoma virus. The Ki ras gene was inserted into an expression vector carrying the E. coli tryptophan promoter and E. coli lipoprotein transcriptional terminator. The resulting plasmids direct the synthesis of large quantities of p21 protein, which represented 20% of the total cellular protein. The Ki-ras p21 protein is immunoprecipitated with monoclonal antibody to p21, and exhibits guanine nucleotide binding activity and autophosphorylation activity. The purified Ki-ras p21 expressed in E. coli has shown to have intact N-terminal and C-terminal amino acid sequences predicted by the nucleotide sequences and migrate as -23K in SDS/polyacrylamide gels. PMID- 3904745 TI - Determination of the metabolic origin of the sulfur atom in thiamin of Escherichia coli by mass spectrometry. AB - In this study cells were grown in 34S-sulfate or L-[sulfane-34S]thiocystine, and the effects of unlabeled methionine and cystine on incorporation of sulfur into methionine, cystine and thiamin were determined. Unlabeled methionine effectively suppresses the incorporation of 34S into methionine but not into cysteine or thiamin. In contrast, cystine blocks incorporation of 34S only to approximately the relative ratio of 32S to 34S indicating, that cysteine is closely related to the origin of the sulfur in thiamin, and therefore the sulfane sulfur of thiocystine is also an effective source of the thiamin sulfur. PMID- 3904746 TI - Molecular cloning of DNA complementary to mRNA of rat liver serine dehydratase. AB - A cDNA clone containing sequences complementary to the mRNA cording for rat hepatic serine dehydratase was isolated to study the multihormonal regulation of this enzyme. Serine dehydratase mRNA was partially purified (50-fold enrichment, 8.2% of the total mRNA activity) from the liver of rats fed high protein diet by polysome immunoadsorption followed by oligo(dT)-cellulose column chromatography. This preparation was used as template for synthesis of cDNA. Double-stranded cDNA sequences were inserted into the plasmid pBR322 and cloned in Escherichia coli DH1. Of 860 transformants screened, 6 clones containing DNA complementary to serine dehydratase mRNA were identified by differential colony hybridization and hybrid-selected translation. The length of serine dehydratase mRNA was estimated to be 1,500 bases by Northern blot analysis. One cloned cDNA comprised about 1,000 base pairs, or 65% of the length of the mRNA. The amount of the mRNA was greatly increased in the liver of rats given high protein diet. PMID- 3904747 TI - Identification of immunoassayable estrogen receptor lacking hormone binding ability in tamoxifen-treated rat uterus. AB - Using two different monoclonal antibodies to human estrogen receptor (ER), the enzymeimmunoassay was performed. The values of ER contents in human breast cancer and untreated rat uteri obtained by this procedure were correlated well with those by [3H] estradiol binding assay. When estradiol was injected to immature rats, the enzymeimmunoassay showed the uterine receptor dynamic pattern similar to those analyzed by exchange assays. In contrast, tamoxifen administration induced the immunoassayable but nonsteroid binding form of ER. This ER-like antigen was the heat-labile molecule with the sedimentation constant of 7 S while ER in untreated rat uterine cytosol sedimented at 9 S. These results suggest the presence of unique molecular state of ER induced by tamoxifen. PMID- 3904748 TI - Intracellular transport of high molecular weight intermediates of acid alpha glucosidase in human fibroblasts. AB - Two transient, high molecular weight precursors of human acid alpha-glucosidase were detected by immune precipitation and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The high molecular weight precursors were rapidly converted into lower molecular weight forms corresponding to previously identified intermediates of acid alpha-glucosidase. An accumulation of these precursors was observed in fibroblasts treated with monensin and nigericin, suggesting that these precursors are intermediates of acid alpha-glucosidase undergoing transport through the Golgi complex. PMID- 3904749 TI - Phosphorylation of caldesmon by protein kinase C. AB - Protein kinase C catalyzes phosphorylation of caldesmon, an F-actin binding protein of smooth muscle, in the presence of Ca2+ and phospholipid. Protein kinase C incorporates about 8 mol of phosphate/mol of chicken gizzard caldesmon. When calmodulin was added in the medium, there was an inhibition of phosphorylation. The fully phosphorylated, but not unphosphorylated, caldesmon inhibited myosin light chain kinase activity. The possibility that protein kinase C plays some role in smooth muscle contractile system through caldesmon, warrants further attention. PMID- 3904750 TI - A direct evidence of the localization of mitochondrial calmodulin. AB - The presence and localization of mitochondrial calmodulin was directly proved immuno-electron microscopically by the protein A-gold technique. In the ultra pure mitochondria the complexes of anti-calmodulin antibody and protein A-gold clearly showed the localization of mitochondrial calmodulin on the inner membrane and in the matrix space. PMID- 3904752 TI - Expression of cellular oncogenes in human prostatic carcinoma cell lines. AB - Prostatic cancer is one of the most frequent forms of malignancy in Western countries. Initially, growth of the majority of prostate tumors can be manipulated by endocrine therapy. However, ultimately androgen independent tumors continue to grow. We studied the expression of oncogenes in four different human prostatic carcinoma cell lines: PC 3, PC 133, PC 135, which are androgen independent, and the hormone dependent PC 82 cell line. Large amounts of Ha-ras and myc mRNA were present in all cell lines. Transcripts of fes, int-1 and abl were never detected. In some of the cell lines the presence of N-ras, Ki-ras, myb, fos, fms and sis mRNA was observed. The PC 82 cell line showed, in addition to myc and Ha-ras high levels of fos expression. Inhibition of tumor cell proliferation by withdrawal of androgen was accompanied by a tenfold reduction of the fos mRNA level and a twofold reduction of Ha-ras transcripts. In contrast, the expression of myc was not changed. PMID- 3904751 TI - Pancreatic islets synthesize phospholipids de novo from glucose via acyl dihydroxyacetone phosphate. AB - There is considerable evidence that an increased turnover of phosphoinositides and phosphatidic acid accompanies stimulus-induced insulin release. As glucose metabolism via glycolysis produces precursors for phospholipid synthesis, the time course of incorporation of [U14C] labelled glucose was measured to determine the pathways of triose carbon incorporation into phospholipids in the islet. Cultured islets were stimulated with glucose 2.7 or 33 mM. The labelled phospholipids present after stimulation were acyldihydroxyacetone phosphate, lysophosphatidic acid, phosphatidic acid and phosphatidylinositol. Acyl dihydroxyacetone phosphate rose promptly within 1 minute of raising the glucose concentration and was the primary acylated triose labelled during the first 15 minutes. It was possible to show in vitro conversion of [U14C] glucose-derived acyl-dihydroxyacetone phosphate to lysophosphatidic acid and phosphatidic acid in the presence of NADPH (100 microM), indicating the presence in the islet of acyl dihydroxyacetone phosphate: NADP oxidoreductase and acyl CoA:1 acylglycerol-3 phosphate acyl transferase, respectively. This study suggests that de novo synthesis of phosphatidic acid provides a link between glucose metabolism and the release of insulin. PMID- 3904753 TI - Tryptase from rat mast cells converts bovine prothrombin to thrombin. AB - The effect of tryptase purified from rat peritoneal mast cells on bovine prothrombin was examined. Tryptase activated prothrombin, as evidenced by the increase in thrombin activity with a synthetic substrate, t-butyloxy-carbonyl-Val Pro-Arg-4-methylcoumaryl-7-amide. The apparent Km value toward bovine prothrombin and the kcat value were 2.3 microM and 46.3 s-1, respectively. Studies on the time course of prothrombin activation by tryptase and by activated factor X (Xa), and analysis of the activation products on sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis showed that the process of activation of prothrombin by tryptase was similar to that by Xa except that an intermediate of 67,000 daltons was formed. PMID- 3904754 TI - Fate and biological activity of exogenous DNA sequences during serial transfections in NIH/3T3 cells. AB - The efficiency and accuracy of serial transfections in NIH/3T3 fibroblasts were investigated with two plasmids carrying a dominant gene. One plasmid carried the activated ras oncogene of human origin inducing morphological alteration and the oncogenic phenotype of NIH/3T3 cells. The second plasmid carried the bacterial neoR gene conferring resistance to the neomycine analogue G 418. We observed no correlation between the presence of biologically active DNAs in primary transfectants and the capacities of these DNAs to transmit the exogenous information in a second cycle of transfection. Cellular DNA of only two of 13 ras and only 1 of 3 neoR transformants could transform NIH/3T3 in a second cycle of transfections. About half of secondary transfectants, derived from those primary transfectants which did transmit the exogenous DNA, contained apparently complete exogenous sequences and transmitted it efficiently and even with the original site of integration in the host DNA in a third cycle of transfection. Exogenous DNA sequences were amplified in the majority of secondary transfectants but did not enhance biological activity in a third cycle of transfer. The exogenous DNA was found to undergo rearrangements in oncogenic transformants propagated in cell culture. PMID- 3904756 TI - The mitogenic/oncogenic p21 Ki-RAS protein stimulates adenylate cyclase activity early in the G1 phase of NRK rat kidney cells. AB - tsK-NRK rat cells infected with a temperature-sensitive mutant of the Kirsten murine sarcoma virus were arrested in the G0/G1 phase of their cell cycle by incubation in serum-deficient medium at a temperature (41 degrees C) which inactivates the virus' abnormally thermolabile mitogenic/oncogenic 21 kDa (p 21) RAS protein product. Reactivating the viral RAS protein by lowering the temperature to a permissive 36 degrees C rapidly (within 1 hour) stimulated adenylate cyclase, sensitized the enzyme to stimulation by GTP and forskolin and caused the tsK-NRK cells to transit G1 and start replicating their DNA about 10 hours later. The 41 degrees C----36 degrees C shift did not affect adenylate cyclase or stimulate G1 transit in uninfected NRK cells. Thus, an oncogenic viral RAS protein was able to stimulate adenylate cyclase and G1 transit in a mammalian cell just as other RAS proteins appear to do in yeast cells. PMID- 3904755 TI - Role of membranes and energy-producing reactions in cellular processing of insulin in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. AB - Incubation of primary cultures of rat hepatocytes with the local anesthetics, procaine or lidocaine, had little or no effect on insulin uptake or degradation but caused an inhibition of insulin-stimulated glycogenesis. While exposure of cultures to the amines, monodansylcadaverine or CH3NH2, resulted in significant dose-dependent decreases in glycogenesis, only monodansylcadaverine (an inhibitor of receptor clustering) decreased uptake whereas CH3NH2 (a lysosomotropic agent) caused increases in both insulin uptake and degradation. When cells were treated with agents which inhibit glycolysis (NaF, 2-deoxy-D-glucose) or oxidative metabolism (2,4-dinitrophenol, carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone, NaN3, antimycin A), pronounced inhibitions of each of the bioactivities studied (syntheses of glycogen, protein, lipid) were observed, but only the glycolytic inhibitors decreased insulin uptake. These results suggest that insulin is internalized by an endocytotic process involving receptor clustering and requiring metabolic energy derived from glycolysis. The post-receptor biosynthetic processes involved in the expression of the biological activities of insulin (syntheses of glycogen, protein, lipid) require energy produced by oxidative metabolism while the degradation of insulin is carried out by nonlysosomal mechanisms which are not energy-requiring. PMID- 3904757 TI - Single amino acid substitutions at conserved residues of human interferon-alpha can effect antiviral specific activity. AB - Site-specific in vitro mutagenesis was used to direct various amino acid substitutions at conserved positions within the sequence of human interferon alpha 1 (IFN-alpha 1). The antiviral specific activity of IFN-alpha 1, expressed in M13 as a fusion protein [IFN-alpha 1 (phi WT)], could be altered by single amino acid substitutions. The substitution of glycine for tyrosine at position 123 results in a loss of more than 99% of the antiviral specific activity on human cells, but causes no significant change in the antiviral specific activity on primary bovine cells. The tyrosine at position 123 is thus implicated in determining human cell specificity. Based on analysis of IFN-alpha 2, IFN-alpha 1 contains two dulsulphide bridges between cysteine residues 29 and 139 and cysteine residues 1 and 99. IFN-alpha 1 also contains a fifth cysteine residue at position 86. IFN-alpha 1 (phi WT) carrying three serine for cysteine substitutions at positions 1, 86 and 99 retains 23% of the antiviral specific activity of IFN-alpha 1 (phi WT) on human cells. However, the antiviral activity on bovine cells is not significantly affected by this modification. The presence of the disulphide bridge between residues 1 and 99 thus appears to be required for full antiviral activity on human but not bovine cells. A single serine for cysteine substitution at position 29 reduces the antiviral specific activity on both human and bovine cells by some 95%. This data shows that the disulphide bridge between residues 29 and 139 is critical for the antiviral activity of IFN alpha's. PMID- 3904758 TI - Inhibitors of choline transport into Plasmodium-infected erythrocytes are effective antiplasmodial compounds in vitro. PMID- 3904759 TI - [Primary structure of 20S,22R-cholesterol-hydroxylating cytochrome P-450 from bovine adrenal cortex mitochondria. IV. Structure of peptides of thermolytic and limited tryptic hydrolysis of the fragment F1; peptides of cyanogen bromide hydrolysis of cytochrome P-450. Complete amino acid sequence]. AB - A thermolytic hydrolysis of maleinated fragment F1 has been performed, resulted in isolation of 44 peptides; their complete amino acid sequence has been determined. Non-overlapping thermolytic peptides of fragment F1 involve 178 amino acid residues, which comprises about 71% of its amino acid sequence. Also, the cleavage and structural investigation of some tryptophan-containing peptides obtained from the limited trypsinolysis of fragment F1 were carried out; reconstitution of the polypeptide chain of the fragment is completed. The cyanogen bromide cleavage of carboxymethylated cytochrome P-450 was achieved and 17 peptides, comprising almost the whole polypeptide chain of the protein molecule (91%), was isolated. To investigate structure of the cyanogen bromide peptides, we hydrolysed them at tryptophan residues with trypsin, chymotrypsin, proteinase from Staphylococcus aureus, and BNPS-skatole. The data obtained and those published earlier led to the complete primary structure of the cholesterol hydroxylating cytochrome P-450. The proteins polypeptide chain consists of 481 amino acid residues and has the precise molecular mass 56 407.7. PMID- 3904760 TI - Tophaceous gout of the spine in a patient with no peripheral tophi: case report and review of the literature. PMID- 3904761 TI - Regulation of susceptibility to bacterial cell wall-induced arthritis in rats. PMID- 3904762 TI - Alkaline phosphatase in the assessment of choledocholithiasis before surgery. AB - The pre-operative diagnosis of choledocholithiasis, or common bile-duct stones, is important in patients with cholelithiasis. Intraoperative cholangiography or choledochoscopy followed by exploration of the common bile duct could be limited to those patients with stones, if an adequate pre-operative diagnosis could be made. Many clinicians use pre-operative total alkaline phosphatase level alone or in combination with bilirubin level to determine the presence or absence of choledocholithiasis. Predictive value theory was used to analyze data reported by others to assess the value of alkaline phosphatase level alone or in combination with bilirubin level in identifying patients with choledocholithiasis. The authors conclude that alkaline phosphatase level is not useful either alone or in combination with bilirubin level in determining the presence of common bile duct stones in patients with cholelithiasis. PMID- 3904763 TI - Toxicology: an annotated bibliography of the recent literature. PMID- 3904764 TI - [Underwater physiology (Part--I)]. PMID- 3904765 TI - [Thermal comfort and aging]. PMID- 3904766 TI - Risks and benefits of obstetric epidural analgesia: a review. PMID- 3904767 TI - [Precise estimates in calculating diffusion in the capillary system]. PMID- 3904768 TI - Immunology and experimental dermatology. PMID- 3904769 TI - Immunotoxins. PMID- 3904770 TI - In vitro analysis of murine B-cell development. PMID- 3904771 TI - Immunology of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. AB - We have attempted to illustrate the major trends in research in human IDDM and in the animal models of this disease. We have stressed the utility and importance of the animal models. Their contribution to understanding the human disease is great but the limitations inherent in their use should also be evident. Extrapolation from rodent to human is always treacherous. Nonetheless, the animals still offer great promise in unraveling the pathogenesis of diabetes. The excellent results obtained in BB rats have already led to the use of cyclosporin in human trials. It is clear that we have learned a great deal from diabetic animals and that they have a good deal yet to teach us. Hopefully, an enhanced understanding of the pathogenesis of human insulin-dependent diabetes will follow and lead to preventive and curative therapies that are both safe and effective. PMID- 3904772 TI - Mechanism of lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity. PMID- 3904773 TI - Hypersensitivity lung disease. PMID- 3904775 TI - [Survey of coliforms and coliphages in water samples]. PMID- 3904774 TI - Pathogenesis of autoimmunity in pemphigus. PMID- 3904776 TI - Anatomy in the XVIIIth century. PMID- 3904777 TI - An original technique for histological study of the human temporal bone. AB - An original technique for histological study of the human temporal bone is presented. It allows faster and better results than previous methods. It becomes obvious that the systematic study of the temporal bone may give important data in the field of pathology, foeto-pathology and forensic medicine. PMID- 3904778 TI - The region of the midbrain. Anatomy and peculiarities of its presentation in sonography. AB - The anatomy of the midbrain region as being presented by means of sonography is analysed. The investigation is based upon sonograms of 150 newborns and infants as well as on anatomical dissections of brains of adults and children. Characteristics of sonography which are relevant for the disposition of structures are being discussed. PMID- 3904779 TI - [Multiple system atrophy and the Shy-Drager syndrome]. PMID- 3904780 TI - [The Shy-Drager syndrome--nosographical review]. PMID- 3904781 TI - [Clinical features of the Shy-Drager syndrome--comparison with olivo-ponto cerebellar atrophy and striato-nigral degeneration]. PMID- 3904782 TI - [Multiple system atrophies from the viewpoint of autonomic dysfunction]. PMID- 3904783 TI - [Pathology of the Shy-Drager syndrome--with special reference to the autonomic nervous system]. PMID- 3904784 TI - [The Onuf's nucleus in multiple system degeneration]. PMID- 3904785 TI - [Somatosensory potentials evoked by peripheral nerve stimulation in the upper extremity]. PMID- 3904786 TI - [Somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) in lower limb stimulation]. PMID- 3904787 TI - [Mechanically evoked somatosensory potentials]. PMID- 3904788 TI - [Auditory brainstem responses]. PMID- 3904790 TI - 'Acid-etching and the fracture of rubber dam clamps'. PMID- 3904789 TI - [A study of the optimum dose of a glucocorticoid, methylprednisolone sodium succinate, before and after neurosurgical major operations--relationship between beta-glucuronidase level and post operative brain edema]. AB - The effects of pre- and postoperative administration of methylprednisolone (5, 10, 15 mg/kg/day) was studied on 50 cases of major neurosurgical operation. The serum level of beta-glucuronidase was also analyzed in 20 cases so as to determine whether it could be useful as an indicator of post operative brain edema. Methylprednisolone seemed to be effective in the cases administrated in the dosage of 10, 15 mg/kg/day. However, several kinds of postoperative infections were seen in the cases administrated 15 mg/kg/day. The results may suggest that the dosage tested, 10 mg/kg/day, causes little side effects while it is clinically effective. The serum level of beta-glucuronidase tended to increase from the second postoperative day to the seventh day. Those increase were remarkably in the cases with brain edema. Recovery of beta-glucuronidase level was earlier in the cases with 10 mg/kg/day administrated rather than in the cases with 5 mg/kg/day administrated. These results suggest that the measurement of serum beta-glucuronidase level may be useful for evaluating the degree of brain edema. PMID- 3904791 TI - Analysis of patients referred over a period of five years to a teaching hospital consultant service in dental prosthetics. PMID- 3904792 TI - Alcohol and fits. PMID- 3904793 TI - Morbid cravings: the emergence of addiction. PMID- 3904794 TI - Alcohol and alcohol problems research. 4. Canada. PMID- 3904795 TI - The genetic and cultural transmission of alcohol use, alcoholism, cigarette smoking and coffee drinking: a review and an example using a log linear cultural transmission model. PMID- 3904796 TI - The efficacy of sustained release theophylline (Pro-Vent), in asthma. PMID- 3904797 TI - Changing role of co-trimoxazole in the treatment of recurrent urinary infections: a comparison with augmentin. PMID- 3904798 TI - Silk granuloma. PMID- 3904800 TI - Rapid fluorometric detection of drug resistant tumour cells. PMID- 3904799 TI - Cloning of human lung cancer cells. AB - We have carried out a comparison of two different methods for cloning human lung cancer cells. The method of Courtenay & Mills (1978) generally gave higher plating efficiencies (PE) than the method of Carney et al. (1980). The number of colonies increased with incubation time in both methods and the weekly medium replenishment in the Courtenay method was advantageous for longer incubation times of several weeks. In the Courtenay method, the use of August rat red blood cells (RBC) and low oxygen tension were both found to be necessary factors for maximum plating efficiency. The usefulness of heavily irradiated feeder cells in improving PE is less certain; each cell type may have its own requirement. PMID- 3904801 TI - Immunohistochemical detection of the ras oncogene p21 product in an experimental tumour and in human colorectal neoplasms. AB - The monoclonal antibody Y13 259 to the ras oncogene protein product p21 was used in an immunohistochemical study of ras expression in human colorectal neoplasms. The ability of the antibody to detect enhanced levels of ras expression was confirmed by its use with an experimental neoplasm known to express ras at high levels. Human colonic adenocarcinomas in general showed a similar staining intensity to that seen in normal mucosa. Adenomas however showed consistently high p21 expression as indicated by staining intensity. This suggests that elevated ras expression may be important in the development of adenomas, but that high levels need not be sustained in the conversion to invasive carcinoma. PMID- 3904803 TI - The mutagenic activity of razoxane (ICRF 159): an anticancer agent. AB - The mutagenic activity of razoxane (ICRF 159) was studied using the Salmonella/microsome assay and rodent bone-marrow micronucleus and metaphase assays. Razoxane (up to 5000 micrograms/plate) did not cause an increase in the mutation frequency in the Salmonella/microsome assay. In the mouse micronucleus assay razoxane (200 and 400 mg kg-1 i.p.) was cytotoxic to the bone marrow cells (which limited the analysis) but an increase in micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes was observed in razoxane dosed animals (5-fold compared to control value). In the Chinese hamster metaphase assay razoxane (up to 500 mg kg-1 orally) induced abnormal chromosome condensation and an increase in structural chromosome aberrations (7 fold compared to control value) as well as an increase in the number of polypoid cells (8-fold compared to control value). The mutagenic effect of razoxane was restricted to eukaryotic organisms and was associated with specific chromosomal changes. PMID- 3904802 TI - Immunocytochemical demonstration of p21 ras family oncogene product in normal mucosa and in premalignant and malignant tumours of the colorectum. AB - Study of the distribution of the p21 ras oncogene product as demonstrated by monoclonal antibody Y13-259 shows this protein to be apparently present in all epithelial populations of both premalignant and malignant tumours and throughout the normal foetal and adult epithelial crypt population in the colorectum. Metastatic tumour in liver shows a similar staining pattern which is less intense however than in the surrounding normal hepatocytes. Our results suggest that the presence of this protein is a widespread feature of normal cellular metabolism in certain cell types and is not restricted to those actively involved in cellular proliferation. It appears, furthermore, that neither cells at different stages of carcinogenesis nor those representing variants of a malignant phenotype can be identified using this particular antibody. PMID- 3904804 TI - Evidence of an association between bullous pemphigoid and psoriasis. AB - The medical records of 62 consecutive patients with bullous pemphigoid and 62 case-matched leg ulcer controls were examined to determine whether psoriasis and bullous pemphigoid are associated. Psoriasis occurred in seven of the pemphigoid patients (11%) but in none of the controls. The prevalence of psoriasis in the pemphigoid sample was significantly higher than expected (P less than 0.01, Poisson distribution). This difference, together with the clinical course, suggests that there may be an association between pemphigoid and psoriasis. PMID- 3904805 TI - Maintenance treatment of psoriasis by Tigason: a double-blind randomized clinical trial. AB - Extensive lesions on 36 patients with psoriasis were treated by Tigason, I mg/kg/day plus PUVA until skin clearance. A clinical score was calculated for each body area, and erythema, scaling, thickness and pruritus of the lesions were scored from 0 to 3. Skin clearing was defined as a clinical score less than 10% of the initial score. Double-blind maintenance treatment was then started. This was Tigason at half of the maximal dose tolerated during the clearing phase of the treatment v. placebo. Relapse of the disease was defined as the occurrence of a clinical score greater than 50% of the initial score. Among the 36 patients randomized, 20 received placebo and 16 received Tigason. Relapses increased quickly in the patients on placebo, but occurred in few patients treated by Tigason with 60% remaining clear after 1 year (P less than 0.05). Surprisingly, the kinetics of disappearance of the most frequent side effect, cheilitis, was the same in the Tigason group and in the placebo group. This double-blind randomized clinical trial shows that Tigason at low doses is an efficient and well-tolerated maintenance treatment of psoriasis. PMID- 3904806 TI - Out-patient treatment of psoriasis: short contact and overnight dithranol therapy compared. AB - Short contact (30 min) and overnight therapy with 1%, 2% and 3% dithranol in an ointment base were compared in 30 out-patients with plaque psoriasis. Both regimes produced significant clearing, there being no statistically significant difference between the two. There were three withdrawals from each group. The remaining 12 patients on the 30 min regime found it both effective and practical. It is therefore a useful alternative regime for out-patient dithranol therapy. PMID- 3904807 TI - Squamous-cell epitheliomata and cyclosporine treatment. PMID- 3904808 TI - Contact sensitivity to Candida albicans--comparative studies in man and animal (guinea-pig). AB - We studied the elicitation of contact sensitivity to Candida albicans antigen in guinea-pigs with experimental cutaneous candidiasis and in humans, using commercially available potent 1:100 C. albicans antigen (Torii) by patch testing on abraded skin. In guinea-pigs, non-immune animals became patch test-reactive 4 5 days after topical application of viable C. albicans, either under occlusion or without occlusive dressings, concurrently with the demonstrability of delayed responses to intradermally injected 1:10 000 Candida antigen. In humans, all healthy adults who showed delayed hypersensitivity reactions to intradermally injected 1:10 000 C. albicans antigen demonstrated positive patch-test reactions to 1:100 C. albicans antigen. There was a significant correlation between the magnitude of responses to these tests. In contrast, no positive patch test reactions were elicited to the 1:100 C. albicans antigen on neonatal skin, emphasizing the lack of irritability of this test agent. These results also indicate that in humans contact sensitivity to Candida antigen occurs during later life because C. albicans is a ubiquitous organism. The practical value of this Candida patch test for evaluation of patients' immune function was assessed by a prospective study in patients with various skin disorders. The results obtained suggested some potential value of the test for evaluation of cell mediated immune function of patients with regard to ubiquitous recall antigens. PMID- 3904809 TI - A direct immunofluorescence study in elastosis perforans serpiginosa. AB - Two cases of elastosis perforans serpiginosa were studied by direct immunofluorescence. In one case, homogeneous deposits of IgM, C3 and C4 on the abnormal elastic fibres in the papillary dermis were demonstrated. In addition, in both cases, along the basement membrane zone, coarse linear deposits of fibrinogen and properdin were observed inside and near the transepidermal channels. Groups of cytoid bodies stained for IgM and occasional weak linear deposits of IgG, IgA, IgM and C3 were also observed. The immune deposits on the abnormal elastic fibres might indicate antigenic alteration and activation of humoral immunological mechanisms in the process of their elimination. The other findings may reflect a non-specific binding by damaged tissue structures. PMID- 3904810 TI - Etretinate in pustular psoriasis of palms and soles. AB - In a double-blind controlled study of patients with pustular psoriasis of palms and soles who were allocated at random to etretinate or placebo, we found that etretinate improved the condition as assessed by pustule count and overall clinical response. Side-effects occurred but were accepted by the patients in the short-term. The clinical usefulness of etretinate in this condition will depend on time to relapse, and whether this can be prevented or postponed by continuous treatment. Toxicity in the long-term will also be important. PMID- 3904811 TI - Cell surface marker studies in a patient with cutaneous multilobated T-cell lymphoma. AB - The phenotypic profile of atypical cells from a patient with cutaneous multilobated T-cell lymphoma was investigated using a multiparameter approach including evaluation of membrane markers, cytochemistry, and functional activity. Retroviral sequence restriction analysis was also used to investigate the presence of human T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma virus type I (HTLV-I) in atypical cells infiltrating the skin and in otherwise normal peripheral blood lymphocytes. The atypical cells appeared to belong to the T-lineage demonstrating OKT11 positivity, E-rosette formation, tartrate-sensitive acid phosphatase and beta glucuronidase activity, and consistent negativity for cytoplasmic and/or surface monoclonal immunoglobulins. However, they failed to stain for other T-lymphocyte associated antigens, such as those defined by OKT3, OKT4, OKT6, OKT8, OKT9, OKT10, Leu-2a and Leu-3a monoclonal antibodies, and did not express a definite alpha-naphthyl-acetate esterase pattern. Additional studies including phagocytosis tests and a series of monoclonal antibodies against phagocytic and natural killer cell associated antigens were all negative. No HTLV-I related sequences were found in either the cells infiltrating the skin or in circulating lymphocytes. To our knowledge, in previously reported cases of cutaneous multilobated cell lymphoma a clear T-lymphocyte phenotypic profile was demonstrated. Our present data indicate that this is not always necessarily the case. The peculiar phenotype we found might represent a transitional state between different T-cell subsets or an as yet unrecognized phenotype of a neoplastic T-lymphocyte which lacks a normal counterpart. PMID- 3904812 TI - Correction of anaemia following renal transplantation: serial changes in serum immunoreactive erythropoietin, absolute reticulocyte count and red-cell creatine levels. AB - Improvement of erythropoiesis following successful human renal transplantation in eight patients was monitored by sequential measurements of haemoglobin, red-cell creatine, absolute reticulocyte count and estimates of serum immunoreactive erythropoietin (siEp). SiEp increased in five patients after transplant, in three cases almost immediately after a return to normal of plasma creatinine. The increase in siEp was followed by a rise in the absolute reticulocyte count and red-cell creatine and finally by an increase in the haemoglobin level. As the haemoglobin approached normal levels a decline in the absolute reticulocyte count preceded a fall in siEp levels. Red-cell creatine also fell, though more gradually than the reticulocyte count. Acute graft rejection (in two patients) was associated with a fall in siEp. Chronic rejection (in one patient) was associated with persistent increases in siEp, reticulocyte count and red-cell creatine; this patient subsequently developed erythrocytosis. PMID- 3904813 TI - Rapid correction of red-cell nucleotide abnormalities following successful renal transplantation. AB - Erythrocyte levels of 5' mono-, di- and triphosphates of adenosine, inosine and guanosine, together with NAD+ (H) and NADP+ (H) were measured before and serially after renal transplantation. The high levels of ATP and guanosine triphosphate (GTP) fell to normal within 3 d of achieving a normal plasma creatinine. The decline in ATP and GTP levels paralleled the fall in plasma creatinine. Acute graft rejection was accompanied by a rise in ATP and GTP, both of which returned rapidly to normal with resolution of the rejection episode. Radiolabelling of red cells confirmed that the metabolism of the existing red-cell population was corrected so that observed changes in nucleotide concentrations were not due to a new cohort of cells. PMID- 3904814 TI - The immunodepletion of factor VII from human plasma using a monoclonal antibody. AB - A murine hybridoma cell line which secretes monoclonal antibody to factor VII has been prepared to facilitate the immunodepletion of this clotting factor from plasma. Specific monoclonal antibody was purified from mouse ascites tumours by protein A-Sepharose chromatography and shown to be of the IgG1 immunoglobulin subclass. On immunoblotting, this antibody reacted with a single protein band identical to purified factor VII. The purified monoclonal antibody was coupled to Sepharose 4B and was used to immuno-deplete factor VII from pooled normal human plasma. The prothrombin time of plasma immunodepleted in this way was 35 s compared to 12 s for the starting plasma. Specific factor assays of the immunodepleted plasma showed factor VII activity to be less than 1% while the levels of the other clotting factors were unchanged. The immunodepleted plasma was equivalent to severe congenital factor VII deficient plasma as a substrate for factor VII assays. Bound factor VII could be eluted from the immunoaffinity column with citrate buffer, pH 6.0, with good recovery. PMID- 3904815 TI - A study of the effects of treating platelets with paraformaldehyde for use in the platelet suspension immunofluorescence test. AB - Discrepant results when paraformaldehyde (PFA) treated and untreated platelets were used in parallel in the platelet suspension immunofluorescence test (PSIFT) (von dem Borne et al, 1978) prompted further investigation of the sera of a group of patients suffering from chronic renal failure (CRF). The demonstration of a positive result in the PSIFT when only PFA treated platelets were used appears to be linked to the N like red cell antibody described in some patients suffering from CRF. PMID- 3904816 TI - Assessment of renal function in workers previously exposed to cadmium. AB - Cadmium induced renal effects were examined in 60 workers (58 men, 2 women) previously exposed to cadmium. Tubular damage in the form of beta 2 microglobulinuria was found in 40%, and urinary albumin and orosomucoid increased significantly with increasing urinary cadmium and increasing relative clearance of beta 2-microglobulin. It is suggested that increased albumin excretion is secondary to the tubular damage. In no case was typical glomerular proteinuria found that could be related to cadmium. Histories of renal stones were more common among the workers with high urinary cadmium concentrations. The glomerular filtration rate was measured in 17 of the workers who had pronounced tubular dysfunction. The average glomerular filtration rate for these men was less than the age adjusted predicted value (mean = 84%). Furthermore, there was a significant (p less than 0.05) correlation (r = -0.47) between tubular reabsorption loss and a decreased glomerular filtration rate. PMID- 3904817 TI - A multicentre prospective randomized controlled trial of induction of labour with an automatic closed-loop feedback controlled oxytocin infusion system. AB - A randomized prospective controlled trial of an automatic feed-back controlled oxytocin infusion system (AIS) for the induction of labour at term was carried out in three hospitals. In primiparae, a four-fold reduction in the total dose of oxytocin infused, for the same induction-delivery interval, was achieved with the AIS compared with standard labour ward protocols relying on midwife control of oxytocin infusion rate. In multiparae, the total dose of oxytocin infused was almost halved when the AIS was used, while the mean duration of labour was increased by 1.6 h to 7.5 h. There were no differences in the mode of delivery or Apgar scores. It is concluded that the AIS is a safe technique for induction of labour. Its use has demonstrated that term labour can be induced efficiently with a mean oxytocin infusion rate between 2.5 and 3 mU/min (max 8.8 mU/min) and a total oxytocin dose infused of less than 5 U. PMID- 3904818 TI - Non-stress antenatal cardiotocography--a prospective randomized clinical trial. AB - A randomized controlled trial examined the effects of non-stress antepartum cardiotocography on obstetric management and assessed its usefulness as a diagnostic test of fetal compromise. Daily cardiotocograph recordings were made in 396 antenatal patients at increased risk of fetal compromise but were withheld from the clinicians responsible for care in half the cases. The frequency of intrapartum fetal distress and low Apgar score was similar in the two groups. The three normally-formed perinatal deaths all occurred in the revealed group but in only one case could earlier obstetric intervention have altered the outcome. Availability of non-stress cardiotocography was not associated with an increased rate of induction of labour or caesarean section. PMID- 3904819 TI - Pain relief after episiotomy--a comparative study of suprofen and dihydrocodeine. AB - In a single-dose, randomized, double-blind study of 100 women, suprofen and dihydrocodeine were compared in the relief of pain after episiotomy. The drugs were equal in terms of analgesic efficacy, duration of analgesia and onset of action. Neither drug demonstrated any serious adverse effects. PMID- 3904820 TI - Randomised double-blind trial of acyclovir (Zovirax) and adenine arabinoside in herpes simplex amoeboid corneal ulceration. AB - Fifty-one patients were treated in a dual-centre, double-blind comparison of acyclovir and adenine arabinoside in herpetic amoeboid (geographic) corneal ulceration. Twenty-four of the 25 patients receiving acyclovir healed in a mean time of 12.2 days, while 24 of the 26 patients treated with adenine arabinoside healed in a mean time of 11.0 days. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of healing. A second analysis, excluding any patients who had received antiviral treatment immediately prior to entry into the study, showed that 18 of the 19 who received acyclovir healed in an average of 11.7 days and 18 of the 19 recipients of adenine arabinoside healed in a mean time of 11.2 days. Again the difference was not statistically significant. PMID- 3904821 TI - A first attempt to prevent amblyopia and squint by spectacle correction of abnormal refractions from age 1 year. AB - Spectacle correction of unusually hypermetropic refractions from age 1 year did not reduce the incidence of squint or amblyopia, nor did it lead to a reduction in the severity of residual amblyopia after subsequent occlusion. PMID- 3904822 TI - Unilateral eyelid, conjunctival, and choroidal tumours as initial presentation of diffuse large-cell lymphoma. AB - Simultaneous ipsilateral eyelid, conjunctival, and choroidal tumours developed in an otherwise healthy man. Biopsy of the eyelid mass led to the diagnosis of large cell lymphoma. Further examination revealed systemic lymphoma. Although the ocular and adnexal lesions responded to systemic chemotherapy, additional skin tumours later developed. Large-cell lymphoma (also called reticulum cell sarcoma and histiocytic lymphoma) is becoming increasingly recognised for its ophthalmic manifestations. The clinical signs, diagnostic investigations, and treatment of this disease are discussed. PMID- 3904823 TI - Evidence suggesting that the elevated plasma triiodothyronine concentration of rats fed on protein deficient diets is physiologically active. AB - Some metabolic indicators of thyroid hormone activity have been investigated in rats fed on either protein-deficient or energy-restricted diets. Rats were divided into three groups. Control animals were maintained on a diet of protein energy: total energy (P:E) value of 0.20, while the low-protein group (LP) were allowed ad lib. access to food of P:E 0.03. Energy-restricted (ER) rats were given limited amounts of a control diet (P:E 0.20) such that their rate of growth matched that of LP animals. Animals fed on the LP diet had elevated plasma concentrations of both total and free triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations whereas those on the ER regiment showed values below those of controls. The activities of mitochondrial alpha-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.99.5) and of the alpha-glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle system were elevated in the liver of LP rats, but malate-aspartate shuttle operation was reduced. All three activities were reduced in ER animals. Cytochrome c oxidase (EC 1.9.3.1) activity of brown adipose tissue indicated a high rate of thermogenic activity in this tissue in LP rats, but ER animals showed some evidence of below normal function. The results indicate that both the raised plasma T3 of LP rats and the reduced levels observed in ER animals are physiologically significant. PMID- 3904824 TI - Adsorption of soluble proteins to rumen bacteria and the role of adsorption in proteolysis. AB - Following the addition of 14C-labelled casein to mixed rumen bacteria at 39 degrees, some radioactivity was adsorbed to the bacteria before the casein was hydrolysed. At 0 degrees, the rate of hydrolysis was greatly diminished but adsorption still occurred, and this enabled a study of the adsorption mechanism to be made. The adsorption of 14C-labelled casein to rumen bacteria was a saturable process. The maximum binding capacity was about 10 micrograms 14C labelled casein/mg bacterial protein. The ability of bacteria to adsorb 14C labelled casein was abolished when they had been boiled for 5 min. Boiling caused the release of material from the bacteria which rendered some undigested protein soluble in 50 g trichloracetic acid/l. Adsorbed 14C-labelled casein could be partly displaced by the addition of Triton X100 or an excess of unlabelled casein, or by boiling, or by removal of capsular material by blending. Adsorbed 14C-labelled haemoglobin could similarly be displaced by an excess of cold casein. When an excess of casein was added to bacteria to which glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase (EC I.I.I.49) and glucosephosphate isomerase (EC 5.3.I.9) had been adsorbed, little active enzyme was displaced. The susceptibility of different 14C-labelled proteins to hydrolysis corresponded to their relative adsorption affinities. The pattern of sensitivity to inhibitors of the adsorption mechanism was the same as that for the inhibition of the bacterial hydrolysis of 14C-labelled casein, and the synthetic substrates leucine p-nitroanilide and benzoyl arginine p-nitroanilide. It was concluded that the adsorption site and the catalytic site for proteolysis by rumen bacteria are probably identical and so not likely to be subject to independent manipulation. PMID- 3904825 TI - The effect of catabolic doses of corticosterone on heat production in the growing rat. AB - The effect of corticosterone treatment on energy balance and heat production was investigated in growing rats. Animals were treated with daily subcutaneous injections of a vehicle containing 0, 50 or 100 mg corticosterone/kg for 5 d. Measurements of digestible energy intake and urinary energy losses showed that corticosterone treatment resulted in a depression of metabolizable energy intake due to elevated urinary energy losses resulting from massive glucosuria. Measurements of the metabolizable energy intake and the change in carcass energy indicated that at 50 mg/kg energy deposition and heat production were reduced, whilst at 100 mg/kg energy deposition was completely abolished with heat production increased. Postprandial oxygen consumption was unchanged at 50 mg/kg and increased at 100 mg/kg. Factorial analysis of these results based on reported values for the energy cost of protein and fat deposition indicated that (a) the depression of total heat production at 50 mg/kg could be entirely accounted for by the concomitant suppression of growth, and (b) the elevation of total and postprandial heat production at 100 mg/kg reflected a specific influence of corticosterone on thermogenesis. The significance of these findings is discussed in the light of reports that corticosterone in low doses suppresses heat production. PMID- 3904826 TI - Vitamin B12 absorption in the neonatal piglet. 2. Resistance of the vitamin B12 binding protein in sows' milk to proteolysis in vivo. AB - It has been postulated that the vitamin B12-binding protein in the sows' milk may facilitate the intestinal absorption of vitamin B12 in the piglet. This implies that the binder is not rapidly and completely degraded by gut proteases, and the present experiments were devised to test this assumption. Piglets aged 7 and 28 d were given a test feed of sows' milk whey both with and without cyano[3H]cobalamin to saturate the binder, and with 14C-labelled polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a marker. Control piglets were given a milk substitute containing no vitamin B12-binder. At 80 min after the test meal the piglets were killed and the contents of the stomach and small intestine were removed for analysis. Recovery of [14C]PEG, mainly from the middle and distal portions of the small intestine, ranged from 49 to 78%. Apparent loss of vitamin B12-binder from the intestine was calculated from the ratio, PEG:binder. In both 7- and 28-d-old piglets, the content of saturated binder in the middle and lower small intestine was about 20% depleted relative to that in the test fed. With the unsaturated binder the loss was more variable and generally greater, at about 50%. At slaughter the stomach was nearly empty and the high unsaturated binding capacity of the contents was attributed to endogenous binders. However, in the middle and lower small intestine, the binding capacity was derived mainly from sows' milk given with the test meal. No free cyano[3H]cobalamin was found in the intestinal contents of piglets given sows' milk to which enough cyano[3H]cobalamin had been added to saturate the binder. There was no change in the molecular weight of the vitamin B12-binder during its passage down the intestine, as judged by its behaviour on filtration in Sephadex gel G-150. The results indicate that a high proportion of saturated binder, and a smaller proportion of unsaturated binder, survived unchanged in the intestine of piglets at both ages. PMID- 3904827 TI - The effect of guar gum and level and source of dietary fat on glucose tolerance in growing pigs. AB - Six growing pigs (30-75 kg) were fed on semi-purified diets containing either 30 g maize oil/kg diet (LFM), 30 g soya-bean oil-tallow mixture (1:1, w/w)/kg diet (LFST) or 160 g soya-bean oil-tallow mixture (1:1, w/w)/kg diet (HFST) without and with the addition of guar gum (40 g/kg diet). Plasma glucose and insulin concentrations following twice daily feeding at 09.00 and 21.00 h were measured, during 24 h periods, in blood sampled from a permanent indwelling vena cava catheter. The source and level of dietary fat had no significant effect on pre prandial plasma glucose or insulin concentrations except for insulin with diet LFST in the morning (P less than 0.05). Addition of guar gum to the diets had no significant effect on pre-prandial plasma glucose and insulin levels. The peak post-prandial plasma glucose and insulin levels were not significantly affected by dietary fat. The addition of guar gum, however, significantly reduced (P less than 0.05) the peak post-prandial plasma glucose concentration with diets LFM and LFST and also the peak plasma insulin concentration for all diets except for diet HFST in the morning. The time taken to reach the peak post-prandial plasma glucose and insulin concentrations was not significantly affected by dietary fat but it was increased by the addition of guar gum, although the differences were not always significant. PMID- 3904828 TI - Insulin action and glucose metabolism in sheep fed on dried-grass or ground, maize-based diets. AB - The effect of an exogenous supply of glucose, provided by the digestion of maize starch in the small intestine, on endogenous glucose metabolism and insulin action was studied in sheep using the euglycaemic insulin clamp procedure. Insulin was infused intravenously at rates of 0.2, 0.5, 1.0 and 6.0 mU/min per kg live weight for four consecutive periods in each of four sheep fed on dried-grass and maize-based diets. Glucose was also infused intravenously at a variable rate, sufficient to maintain the plasma glucose concentration at basal levels. Whole body rates of glucose metabolism were determined using a continuous infusion of [6-3H]glucose. From the resulting insulin dose-response curves, it was observed that, when the sheep were fed on the dried-grass diet, the responsiveness of glucose metabolism to insulin was less than that reported for non-ruminants. When fed the maize-based diet, the glucose metabolic clearance rates (MCR) observed during insulin infusions were significantly greater (P less than 0.05) than those observed for the dried-grass diet. However, after correcting for the non-insulin mediated glucose disposal, differences between diets were not significant. The sensitivity of glucose utilization to insulin was not affected by diet. The plasma insulin concentrations causing half-maximal insulin-mediated glucose MCR were 103 (SE 21) and 85 (SE 11) mU/l for the dried-grass and maize-based diets respectively. The sensitivity of endogenous glucose production to insulin was also unaffected by diet. The plasma insulin concentrations resulting in the suppression of endogenous glucose production to half the basal level were 80 (SE 26) and 89 (SE 29) mU/l for the dried-grass and maize-based diets respectively. It is concluded that the observed increase in glucose utilization on the maize based diet was due partly to a slight change in responsiveness to insulin and also partly to a change in the rate of non-insulin-mediated glucose disposal. PMID- 3904830 TI - Photoinactivation and photoaffinity labeling of tryptophan synthase alpha 2 beta 2 complex by the product analogue 6-azido-L-tryptophan. AB - The photoaffinity reagent 6-azido-L-tryptophan was synthesized by chemical methods. It binds reversibly in the dark to the alpha 2 beta 2 complex of tryptophan synthase of Escherichia coli and forms a quinonoid intermediate with enzyme-bound pyridoxal phosphate (lambda max = 476 nm). The absorbance of this chromophore has been used for spectrophotometric titrations to determine the binding of 6-azido-L-tryptophan (the half-saturation value [S]0.5 = 6.3 microM). Photolysis of the quinonoid form of the alpha 2 beta 2 complex results in time dependent inactivation of the beta 2 subunit but not of the alpha subunit. The extent of photoinactivation is directly proportional to the absorbance at 476 nm of the quinonoid intermediate prior to photolysis. The substrate L-serine is a competitive inhibitor of 6-azido-L-tryptophan binding and photoinactivation. The competitive inhibitors L-tryptophan, D-tryptophan, and oxindolyl-L-alanine also protect against photoinactivation. The results demonstrate that 6-azido-L tryptophan is a quasi-substrate for the alpha 2 beta 2 complex of tryptophan synthase and that photolysis of the enzyme-quasi-substrate quinonoid intermediate results in photoinactivation. The modified alpha 2 beta 2 complex retains its ability to bind pyridoxal phosphate and to cleave indole-3-glycerol phosphate, a reaction catalyzed by the alpha subunit. 6-Azido-L-tryptophan (side-chain 1,2,3 14C3 labeled) was synthesized enzymatically from 6-azidoindole and uniformly labeled L-[14C]serine by the alpha 2 beta 2 complex of tryptophan synthase on a preparative scale and has been isolated. Incorporation of 14C label from 6-azido L-[14C]tryptophan is stoichiometric with inactivation. Our finding that most of the incorporated 14C label is bound in an unstable linkage suggests that an active site carboxyl residue is the major site of photoaffinity labeling by 6 azido-L-tryptophan. PMID- 3904829 TI - Quantitative determination of the 5-(hydroxymethyl)uracil moiety in the DNA of gamma-irradiated cells. AB - 5-(Hydroxymethyl)uracil (HMUra) is a chemically stable derivative of thymine formed through the action of ionizing radiation which we previously identified in the DNA of gamma-irradiated HeLa cells [Teebor, G. W., Frenkel, K., & Goldstein, M. S. (1984) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 81, 318-321]. In this report, we determine whether HMUra can be used as a marker of exposure of DNA to ionizing radiation. Dose-response curves for its formation in [3H]thymidine-labeled DNA were constructed by exposing the DNA to increasing amounts of gamma-radiation and measuring the HMUra content. DNA was irradiated both in solution and in intact cells. HMUra was identified as the 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2' deoxyuridine (HMdU) by subjecting the irradiated DNA to enzymatic digestion and analyzing the mixture of 2'-deoxyribonucleosides by high-pressure liquid chromatography. The identity of the radiogenically formed HMdU was confirmed by acetylation and the structure of the acetyl derivative obtained by mass and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies. At two different DNA concentrations in solution, the same number of thymidine moieties were converted to HMdU, indicating that within this range of concentration the formation of HMdU was mediated through the indirect action of ionizing radiation. Equal amounts of HMdU were formed in single- and double-stranded DNA at each radiation dose, indicating that DNA conformation did not affect HMdU formation. Surprisingly, the G value (number of HMdU molecules formed/100 eV) was higher in irradiated cellular DNA than in DNA irradiated in solution.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3904831 TI - An essential role of phosphatidylglycerol in the formation of the osmotically stable liposomes of Escherichia coli phospholipids. AB - A temperature sensitive auxotroph of Escherichia coli K-12 requiring unsaturated fatty acids can grow normally at 28 degrees C, but requires an osmotic stabilizer such as a high amount of salt or sugar in the medium for the growth at 42 degrees C. Namely, the apparent osmotic stability of the cells at 28 degrees C and 42 degrees C is quite different. The osmotic properties of liposomes of the phospholipids extracted from these cells were investigated. The osmotically induced volume change of the multilamellar liposomes was examined by the turbidimetric method. The liposomes prepared from cells grown at 28 degrees C can swell and shrink under a wide range of hypo-and hypertonic conditions. However, those from cells grown at 42 degrees C could not swell under hypotonic conditions. These results exhibit a good correlation between the apparent osmotic stability of E. coli cells and the osmotic properties of the liposomes prepared from the extracted total phospholipids. To clarify the role of each phospholipid component, the osmotic properties of the liposomes reconstituted from the purified phospholipid species were further investigated. The results clearly showed that phosphatidylglycerol is the key factor that stabilizes the membranes of E. coli phospholipids against osmotic pressure. PMID- 3904833 TI - Membrane acetylcholinesterases: purification, molecular properties and interactions with amphiphilic environments. PMID- 3904832 TI - Cholesterol and the cell membrane. AB - Recent studies concerning cholesterol, its behavior and its roles in cell growth provide important new clues to the role of this fascinating molecule in normal and pathological states. PMID- 3904834 TI - Multiple functions for sterols in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - Analyses with a yeast sterol auxotroph indicated that there are at least four different levels of function for sterol which have been designated sparking, critical domain, domain and bulk. Growth of yeast sterol auxotrophs on cholestanol is precluded unless minute amounts of ergosterol are available. We have designated this phenomenon the sparking of growth, in which cholestanol satisfies an overall membrane sterol requirement and ergosterol fulfills a high specificity sparking function. The critical domain role for sterol is observed under conditions of lanosterol supplementation where low levels of ergosterol (10 times those necessary for sparking on cholestanol) are required for growth. The sterol functions designated domain and bulk are illustrated by assessing cellular free sterol levels and plasma membrane properties of a sterol auxotroph after growth on different concentrations of exogenously supplied sterol. Plasma membranes isolated from auxotrophs grown on domain or bulk levels of sterol underwent no lipid thermotropic transitions, while plasma membranes from cells grown on critical domain levels of sterol underwent a lipid thermotropic transition, when analyzed by steady-state fluorescence anisotropy. PMID- 3904835 TI - Carbonyl reductase activity of sepiapterin reductase from rat erythrocytes. AB - A homogeneous preparation of sepiapterin reductase, an enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of tetrahydrobiopterin, from rat erythrocytes was found to be responsible for the reduction with NADPH of various carbonyl compounds of non pteridine derivatives including some vicinal dicarbonyl compounds which were reported in the previous paper (Katoh, S. and Sueoka, T. (1984) Biochem, Biophys. Res. Commun. 118, 859-866) in addition to the general substrate, sepiapterin (2 amino-4-hydroxy-6-lactoyl-7,8-dihydropteridine). The compounds sensitive as substrates of the enzyme were quinones, e.g., p-quinone and menadione; other vicinal dicarbonyls, e.g., methylglyoxal and phenylglyoxal; monoaldehydes, e.g., p-nitrobenzaldehyde; and monoketones, e.g., acetophenone, acetoin, propiophenone and benzylacetone. Rutin, dicoumarol, indomethacin, and ethacrynic acid inhibited the enzyme activity toward either a carbonyl compound of a non-pteridine derivative or sepiapterin as substrate. Sepiapterin reductase is quite similar to general aldo-keto reductases, especially to carbonyl reductase. PMID- 3904836 TI - The hormonal control of protein N-glycosylation in the developing rabbit mammary gland and its effect upon transferrin synthesis and secretion. AB - Pregnant rabbit mammary gland explants cultured with insulin, prolactin and cortisol, synthesise and secrete transferrin radiolabelled with [3H]leucine or [3H]mannose. Omission of prolactin from the culture medium inhibited the incorporation of [3H]leucine into casein but not transferrin. Total transferrin secreted under these conditions was approx. 75% of the control (+prolactin) value measured by rocket immunoelectrophoresis. Little incorporation of [3H]mannose into transferrin was seen in the absence of prolactin suggesting a lack of glycosylation of the protein. Dual label experiments with [3H]mannose and [14C]leucine confirmed this. The decreased incorporation of [3H]mannose into dolichol linked intermediates suggests a general effect on protein N glycosylation in the absence of prolactin. Thus, while the synthesis of the polypeptide backbone of transferrin does not require prolactin its glycosylation does. PMID- 3904837 TI - [Characteristic features of protein synthesis in the extracellular matrix during tumor growth]. AB - Changes in the biosynthesis of basic extracellular proteins (e.g., collagen proteins, fibronectins, proteoglycans) in the course of neoplastic growth are reviewed. Some peculiarities of quantitative changes in the biosynthesis and modifications of the primary structure of the above macromolecules are discussed in terms of neoplastic cell differentiation. The main emphasis is laid on the mechanisms underlying the disturbances in the biosynthetic activity of extracellular matrix proteins in neoplastic cells at different steps of protein synthesis and extracellular degradation of protein molecules. PMID- 3904838 TI - [Fractionation and purification of DNA-methylases from Shigella sonnei 47]. AB - Possible applications of various column chromatography techniques and isoelectrofocusing for the study of DNA-methylases of Shigella sonnei 47 cells were analyzed. A simple, rapid and convenient procedure based on the use of cation-exchange chromatography was developed for obtaining a highly active total preparation of methylases. Affinity chromatography on heparin-Sepharose was shown to be a promising approach for separating methylases according to their specificity towards nitrous bases. Isoelectrofocusing was used to identify in Shigella sonnei 47 cells six individual methylating enzymes differing in their pI values. Under the stipulation that Shigella sonnei 47 DNA-methylases show a tendency to aggregate in the course of fractionation, column chromatography is of little or no use in isolating and purifying individual methylating enzymes of the given strain. The advantages of the isoelectrofocusing technique and its utility in the study of different molecular forms of site-specific enzymes are discussed. PMID- 3904839 TI - [Ganglioside GD3 in the serum of tumor patients]. AB - Gangliosides of normal human blood serum and of blood serum of tumour hosts were studied. It has been shown the first time that ganglioside (NeuAc)2LacCer is present in the blood serum of different tumour hosts, but is absent in normal blood serum. The reasons for the appearance of this ganglioside in blood serum are discussed. PMID- 3904840 TI - [Effect of a rapid shift in temperature on the turbidostat culture of yeasts]. PMID- 3904841 TI - Effect of glucose and insulin administration on hepatic adenylate energy charge and the cytosolic redox state in the neonates of normal and insulin-treated diabetic rats. AB - At birth and during the first 3 postnatal hours, the concentrations of hepatic ATP and the adenylate energy charge were significantly higher in neonates of insulin-treated diabetic rats compared to age-matched neonates of normal rats. However, a significant reduction in these parameters was observed after 3 postnatal hours in neonates of insulin-treated diabetic rats compared to normal rats. Administration of glucose to newborns of insulin-treated diabetic rats at birth did not prevent the lowering of hepatic ATP concentrations and the adenylate energy charge in 6-hour-old neonates. In contrast, the administration of glucose or insulin to the newborns of normal rats at birth caused a reduction in the concentration of hepatic ATP and the adenylate energy charge only at 1 h after birth. The postnatal increase in the hepatic cytosolic redox state (NAD+/NADH) in the neonates of insulin-treated diabetic rats was similar to that observed in the neonates of normal rats during the first 3 postnatal hours; however, a significant reduction in this parameter was observed only in the neonates of insulin-treated diabetic rats after the third postnatal hour. Administration of glucose to the neonates of insulin-treated diabetic rats did not prevent the decline in the cytosolic redox state in these neonates at the sixth postnatal hour. PMID- 3904843 TI - Observations on the development of the febrile response to pyrogen in newborn pigs. AB - The febrile response of newborn pigs to exogenous pyrogen injection was investigated. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS, E. coli) were injected intravenously into the superior vena cava of 1-30-day-old piglets. All the experiments were carried out in littermates half of which were injected with pyrogen and half with pyrogen free saline. Newborn pigs did not develop a febrile response from 1 to 4 days of age; however, when the animals were 5 days old exogenous pyrogen determined a typical monophasic febrile response. A second intravenous injection of pyrogen into newborn pigs (1 day old) 24 h after the first did not raise body temperature. It is suggested that newborn pigs behave like the newborn of other mammalian species regarding endotoxin-induced thermogenesis. PMID- 3904842 TI - The role of lactate as an energy substrate for the brain during the early neonatal period. AB - The role played by lactate as an energy substrate for the newborn rat during the early neonatal period was studied. Plasma lactate is mostly removed within the first 2 h after delivery, i.e. during the presuckling period. Lactate removal was enhanced by hyperoxia but strongly inhibited by hypoxia, showing a direct correlation with blood oxygen concentrations. Lactate was not converted into glucose during the presuckling period, gluconeogenesis being insignificant in these circumstances; instead it was rapidly oxidized through the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Likewise, lactate was significantly oxidized by brain slices from newborns at birth. At physiological concentrations, lactate oxidation by brain slices was 10- and 3-fold higher than that of glucose and 3-hydroxybutyrate, respectively. In the same circumstances, lipogenesis de novo from lactate was 2- and 5-fold higher than from glucose and 3-hydroxybutyrate, respectively. The results suggest that lactate is the main metabolic fuel for the brain during the early neonatal period. PMID- 3904844 TI - Burton's melancholy. PMID- 3904845 TI - Benzodiazepines in pregnancy--academical debate or teratogenic risk? AB - Benzodiazepines are presently the most widely prescribed drugs. They are considered as safe drugs although there is appreciable evidence from animal experiments as well as from epidemiological evaluations that they act as teratogens. The pertinent literature is subjected to a synopsis with results from pharmacological, biochemical and behavioral research. Recent views of the mechanisms of teratogenic action serve to propose several points of attack where benzodiazepines can disturb the development of the central nervous system. This attack can take place during organogenesis, during early differentiation of neural anlagen after neural tube closure or during biochemical differentiation of the brain. It is suggested that intake of benzodiazepines at any time during pregnancy may result in visible malformations, in functional deficits or in behavioral anomalies of the exposed children. PMID- 3904846 TI - Placental morphology and clinical correlations in pregnancies complicated by hypertension. AB - In order to quantify the frequency of placental tissue changes in pregnancies complicated by hypertension and the correlation with the severity of the disease we studied 15 term-placentas of healthy women and 33 placentas of patients with pregnancy hypertension using phase contrast microscopy. Applying microscopy (phase contrast) a total of 50 fields were inspected from 5 different, representative areas of each placenta. We counted the (absolute) number of fields with trophoblastic hyperplasia; trophoblast sprouts; with interstitial edema; with hemorrhagia and with fibrinoid degeneration and necrosis. Trophoblastic hyperplasia as well as interstitial edema were rare in term-placentas of healthy women. Typically in hypertensive pregnancies these findings together with trophoblast sprouts increased proportionally to severity. We conclude that these results indicate a retardation of maturation of placenta tissues in hypertensive pregnancy. Although hemorrhagia and fibrinoid degeneration were observed in all placentas they were more frequent in pregnancies complicated by hypertension. This might be a consequence of changed placental perfusion of the intervillous space. In immature placentas hemorrhagia and fibrinoid degeneration induce additional restriction of placental capacity which seems to be responsible for decreased fetal birth weight and arterial cord pH. When morphological alterations of placenta tissue, e.g. trophoblast sprouts, trophoblast hyperplasia, stroma edema, hemorrhagia and fibrinoid degenerations were quantified and correlated to blood pressure of the mother, we found a positive correlation. Increased numbers of trophoblastic sprouts and trophoblastic hyperplasia indicate a placental immaturity whereas edema, hemorrhagia and degenerations can be taken as the result of elevated blood pressure. PMID- 3904847 TI - Morphogenesis and postulated functions of decidual cells. AB - Decidual cells are a morphologically distinct cell population arising in the endometrium during pregnancy. Decidualisation can also be elicited by artificial stimuli in suitably hormone primed animals. A variety of histophysiological reactions accompany decidualisation and culminate in the differentiation of endometrial stromal cells to decidual ones. Typical ultrastructural features characterise antimesometrial and mesometrial decidual cells. The functional role of these cells is consistent with their structural complexities and definite life span. The metrial gland forms a separate class of cells associated with decidualisation. Recent observations on the origin of both decidual and metrial gland cells from the bone marrow suggest an immunological role. PMID- 3904848 TI - Effect of alterations in pulsatile luteinizing hormone release on ovarian follicular atresia and steroid secretion on diestrus 1 in the rat estrous cycle. AB - This study examined the importance of pulsatile luteinizing hormone (LH) release on diestrus 1 (D1; metestrus) in the rat estrous cycle to ovarian follicular development and estradiol (E2) secretion. Single injections of a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) antagonist given at -7.5 h prior to the onset of a 3-h blood sampling period on D1 reduced mean blood LH levels by decreasing LH pulse amplitude, while frequency was not altered. Sequential injections at -7.5 and -3.5 h completely eliminated pulsatile LH secretion. Neither treatment altered the total number of follicles/ovary greater than 150 mu in diameter, the number of follicles in any size group between 150 and 551 mu, or plasma E2, progesterone, or follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels. However, both treatments with LHRH antagonist significantly increased the percentage of atretic follicles in the ovary. These data indicate that: 1) pulsatile LH release is an important factor in determining the rate at which follicles undergo atresia on D1; 2) reductions in LH pulse amplitude alone are sufficient to increase the rate of follicular atresia on D1; 3) an absence of pulsatile LH release for a period of up to 10 h on D1 is not sufficient to produce a decline in ovarian E2 secretion, most likely because the atretic process was in its early stages and had not yet affected a sufficient number of E2-secreting granulosa cells to reduce the follicle's capacity to secrete E2; and 4) suppression or elimination of pulsatile LH release on D1 is not associated with diminished FSH secretion. PMID- 3904849 TI - Does the seasonal increase in estradiol negative feedback prevent luteinizing hormone surges in anestrous ewes by suppressing hypothalamic gonadotropin releasing hormone pulse frequency? AB - To test the hypothesis that the anestrous increase in estradiol negative feedback prevents estrous cycles by suppressing hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) pulse frequency, a variety of regimens of increasing GnRH pulse frequency were administered to anestrous ewes for 3 days. A luteinizing hormone (LH) surge was induced in 45 of 46 ewes regardless of amplitude or frequency of GnRH pulses, but only 19 had luteal phases. Estradiol administration induced LH surges in 6 of 6 ewes, only 3 having luteal phases. Anestrous luteal phase progesterone profiles were similar in incidence, time course, and amplitude to those of the first luteal phases of the breeding season, which in turn had lower progesterone maxima than late breeding season luteal phases. In the remaining ewes, progesterone increased briefly or not at all, the increases being similar to the transient rises in progesterone occurring in most ewes at the onset of the breeding season. These results demonstrate that increasing GnRH pulse frequency induces LH surges in anestrus and that the subsequent events are similar to those at the beginning of the breeding season. Finally, they support the hypothesis that the negative feedback action of estradiol prevents cycles in anestrus by suppressing the frequency of the hypothalamic pulse generator. PMID- 3904850 TI - The role of endogenous gonadotropin-releasing hormone in the control of luteinizing hormone and testosterone secretion in the juvenile male monkey, Macaca fascicularis. AB - To determine what changes occur in the activity of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons during pubertal development in primate species we tested the hypotheses that there are morphologic differences between GnRH-containing neurons in juvenile versus adult monkeys, and the low activity of the reproductive axis is governed by hypothalamic GnRH release in monkeys prior to puberty. We removed the brains from 5 juvenile and 5 adult male monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) and blocked, sectioned, and prepared each hypothalamus for light microscopic immunocytochemistry for GnRH-containing cells. The distribution and number of GnRH-containing neurons were similar in adult and juvenile brains; however, GnRH containing perikarya in adult brains were significantly larger in total cross sectional area (200 +/- 12 vs. 169 +/- 8 micron 2, P less than 0.05) and in cross sectional area of the cytoplasm (139 +/- 2 vs. 88 +/- 6 micron 2, P less than 0.05) than in juvenile brains. In another group of 10 juvenile male macaques, we administered an antiserum to GnRH (Fraser #94; 2 ml/kg, i.v.) and monitored the effects on plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone concentrations. The percentage of plasma samples with detectable LH levels decreased significantly (from 26.67 +/- 8.3% to 5.3 +/- 3.4%, P less than 0.05) after GnRH antiserum administration; however, plasma testosterone concentrations (0.08 +/- 0.02 ng/ml) remained unchanged. We conclude that during pubertal maturation in primate species there is increased synthesis and release of GnRH from a population of GnRH neurons that are active prior to puberty. PMID- 3904851 TI - Immunolocalization of clusterin in the ram testis, rete testis, and excurrent ducts. AB - Clusterin, a glycoprotein that elicits cell aggregation, has previously been isolated from ram rete testis fluid, and has been partially characterized. In experiments reported, we have used monoclonal antibodies against clusterin in combination with indirect immunofluorescence microscopy to investigate the distribution of clusterin in the adult ram testis, rete testis, and excurrent ducts. Tissue blocks (5 mm3) were fixed in periodate/lysine/paraformaldehyde containing 0.1% glutaraldehyde and, after embedding, 5-microM sections were prepared for immunolocalization. In the testis, 2 basic patterns were observed: 1) strong to moderate staining for clusterin in the adluminal region with little staining in the basal region of the seminiferous epithelium and germinal cells; and 2) moderate staining throughout the seminiferous epithelium between germinal cells. In the rete testis, strong clusterin staining was localized intracellularly in the rete epithelial cells, most often associated with the luminal surface. In the epididymis, intracellular clusterin was localized in some principal cells of the caput epididymidis. The luminal surfaces and spermatozoa within the lumen were strongly positive. In the vas deferens, clusterin staining was associated with the luminal surface only. The presence of clusterin was clearly detected in unwashed isolated epididymal spermatozoa, but not in spermatozoa washed with phosphate-buffered saline containing 0.05% Tween 20. PMID- 3904852 TI - Gonadal regression despite light pulses coincident with locomotor activity in the Syrian hamster. AB - Feedback lighting (LDFB), which illuminates an animal cage in response to active wheel running, exposes only the photosensitive portion of the phase-response curve to light. In the hamster, the photoinducible zone of the circadian rhythm of photoperiodic photosensitivity occurs during the interval of active wheel running. Since LDFB exposes the photoinducible zone almost as much as constant light (LL), we predicted that LDFB would maintain gonadal function just as LL does. Surprisingly, 10 male hamsters exposed to 1-sec pulses of LDFB for 8 wk had regressed testes similar to those of hamsters in continuous darkness (DD) and significantly smaller than hamsters exposed to LL (P less than 0.01). Two of 5 male hamsters exposed to 2-min pulses of LDFB underwent complete testicular regression and two had partially regressed testes. All females exposed to LDFB or to DD ceased showing cyclic signs of ovulation within 20 days, whereas most hamsters exposed to LL continued to show signs of cyclic ovulation. Six of the 8 hamsters exposed to LL had ova in their oviducts at autopsy, and also had significantly larger uteri (P less than 0.01) than hamsters exposed to DD or LDFB. None of the latter two groups (n = 6 and 9, respectively) had oviductal ova at autopsy. These results demonstrate that considerable exposure of the photoinducible zone to light does not necessarily maintain gonadal function. Light delivered to the photoinducible zone by LDFB may disrupt the normal alignment (internal coincidence) of circadian rhythms, thereby causing gonadal regression. Gonadal induction can occur when the photoinducible zone is exposed to light; however, it may not be the light itself, but rather the action of the light to alter the phase relationships of several oscillators, that causes induction and maintenance of the gonads. PMID- 3904853 TI - Macrophage migration inhibition test of peritoneal exudate cells of Litomosoides carinii-infected cotton rats by direct method in agar plate. AB - The macrophage migration inhibition test (MIT) was successfully made in agar plates using peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) of cotton rats, Sigmodon hispidus, during infection with Litomosoides carinii. It was found that 1% Bacto agar plate containing heat-inactivated serum was most suitable for the migration of PEC of the cotton rat induced by liquid paraffin injection. Ten percent normal cotton rat serum mixed in agar plate was best for PEC migration as compared with the various concentrations of horse, fetal and newborn calf sera. Migration areas of PEC from normal cotton rats increased with the number of cells per well and 2 X 10(6) cells/well was optimal. With concentrations of greater than or equal to 20 micrograms/ml of adult L. carinii antigen, significant migration inhibition of PEC from infected animals was observed from 18 hours after incubation at 37 degrees C with 5% CO2 gas phase, as compared with the migration of PEC from non infected animals. Comparative analyses of the different aspects of infection showed that there was no correlation between the degree of migration inhibition and the duration of infection or the number of live worms recovered from the pleural cavity. Cell-mediated immunity against L. carinii as indicated by MIT still existed in 18 months after infection, although adult worms had died and were absorbed in the pleural cavity of the cotton rat. PMID- 3904854 TI - Infection and Branhamella catarrhalis. AB - Of the Gram-negative cocci found in the nasopharynx to which any pathogenic status can be attributed, Neisseria meningitidis and Neisseria (Branhamella) catarrhalis have gained significant notoriety. Traditionally, B. catarrhalis is regarded as a nasopharyngeal commensal and thus there is, in general, considerable reluctance to accept that B. catarrhalis may be a pathogen when it is seen. Hence, it is under-reported or totally ignored though there is more awareness regarding its pathogenic potential, particularly as an increasingly high incidence of beta lactamase producing strains is being reported from many countries. The importance of this development concerns the choice of routine antibiotic therapy as ampicillin, to which this organism was previously sensitive, may no longer be effective. PMID- 3904855 TI - Cancer treatment with Staphylococcus aureus protein A. AB - For 3 years, Protein A of Staphylococcus aureus has been used in cancer treatment, initially because of its potential for removing serum blocking factors in the case of patients with malignancies. Extracorporeal adsorption of plasma over immobilized Protein A has produced beneficial effects on experimental animal cancers and some human tumors. The authors review various aspects of this apparently new form of immunotherapy: the basis of Protein A treatments according to the known effects of Protein A on the immune system; different techniques of plasma adsorption and especially the various Protein A carriers that have been used; the toxic effects which complicated the treatment course in several studies and their mechanisms; treatment results in animal models; and the results of phase I and II trials in patients. PMID- 3904856 TI - On the presence of autoantibodies in the plasma of patients suffering from medullary carcinoma of the thyroid. AB - Thyroiditis is associated with certain cases of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid (MCT). In order to determine if this was due to the presence of autoantibodies, we have investigated whether plasma from patients suffering from the disease contain autoantibodies. The specificity of the reaction was established using specific antibodies to antigens such as: calcitonin (CT), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and thyroglobulin (Tg); no antibodies against CT, CEA or Tg were detected in the plasma from the patients investigated. The presence of autoantibodies to a constituent of the tumor was established in each case studied. The detection of autoantibodies to a "specific" constituent of MCT could be of potential interest in the early screening for the disease. PMID- 3904858 TI - Intrauterine growth retardation. AB - The many problems of diagnosing IUGR are compounded by a lack of ability to detect the dysmature infant from the constitutionally small infant even at birth. Antenatal attempts at detecting IUGR must start with the accurate establishment of gestational age. This can be only accomplished by routine early ultrasound measurement of BPD for all pregnant patients. Subsequently, management is aimed at screening out a group at high risk for having a growth-retarded fetus. Clinical means are poor but SFH measurements or a repeat ultrasound in the third trimester can be expected to detect about 85% of IUGR patients. Diagnosis of IUGR is made by detailed measurement of growth parameters on a serial basis. The use of the H/A ratio chart allows the antenatal division of IUGR into asymmetric and symmetric, such that appropriate investigation and management can be undertaken. The study of flow velocity waveforms obtained by pulsed Doppler ultrasound might in the future help to provide a more rational basis for referring patients to intensive antenatal fetal monitoring. PMID- 3904857 TI - Estimating the mode of growth of individual microbial cells from cell volume distributions. AB - Two new methods are derived for inferring the mode of growth of individual microbial cells from measurements made of the volume distributions of populations. One is based on statistics of the observed distribution and has the particular advantage that it is very easy to use. The second, which requires gradient centrifugation, yields the mode of growth directly, rather than by comparison with theoretically derived distributions. Both methods have been found to be more sensitive than those previously suggested. PMID- 3904860 TI - Fetal stress and distress. PMID- 3904859 TI - Immunological aspects of preeclampsia/eclampsia. PMID- 3904861 TI - Normal and abnormal labor: mechanisms for its control. AB - For labor to begin, changes in local steroid hormonal activity in the uterus occur that allow response of receptor activity to occur to increased fetal hormonal activity at maturation. The initial changes of hormonal mileau allow for cervical ripening and the inducement of gap junction formation in the myometrium to allow coordinated uterine contractions. When labor is determined to be abnormal by well-defined clinical parameters, thoughtful use of oxytocin augmentation can result in a successful outcome. PMID- 3904862 TI - Chlamydia trachomatis. PMID- 3904863 TI - [Possible direct action of hypothalamic factors on the development of pancreatic hormonal activity]. AB - Possible mechanisms of hypothalamic control of the pancreas endocrine function in prenatal ontogenesis were investigated. For this purpose reactivity of pancreatic B-cells to glucose was studied in vitro and in vivo on rat fetuses. Incubation of pancreas fragments of encephalectomized fetuses in the medium containing preincubated hypothalamus fragments of adult rats, newborn rats or 21.5-day old fetuses did not compensate the operation effects. The glands remained refractory to glucose. Similar results were obtained with the introduction of hypothalamus homogenate to decapitated fetuses. Hypothalamus homogenate did not reduce the response to glucose in the absence of hypophysis. The data obtained indicate that hypothalamic insulinotropic factors have no direct action on the insular tissue of the fetus, the effect being hypophysis-mediated. PMID- 3904864 TI - [Alcohol dehydrogenase in the blood and liver of rats with different alcoholic motivation]. AB - Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity was determined by a highly sensitive method. The enzyme activity in the blood serum was similar in alcohol and water preferring rats, while ADH activity in the liver of alcohol preferring rats was higher than in water preferring rats. In rats, chronically intoxicated with ethanol, ADH activity in the liver decreased, while in the serum it was twice higher than the normal level. It is suggested that high level of blood ADH is not connected with the rate of enzyme synthesis in the liver. PMID- 3904865 TI - [Elimination from bone marrow of a supplementary population participating in the proliferation of pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells using mouse brain antiserum]. AB - Changes in the number of spleen exo-colonies and post-radiation repopulation of hematopoietic organs were studied in recipients upon injection of bone marrow treated with anti-brain serum (ABS) with and without thymocytes on days 9-14. It was shown that on days 9-11 colony formation in mice injected bone marrow treated with ABS was much lower than the control level. However, by day 14 the number of colonies increased drastically as compared to the control. Thymocyte supplementation normalized colony formation at any time of observation. Similar pattern is noted in post-radiation repopulation of spleen and bone marrow of mice injected bone marrow pretreated with ABS with or without thymocytes. It is assumed that ABS inactivates bone marrow cells participating in the regulation of CFUs proliferation. PMID- 3904866 TI - Further results in understanding the subpopulation structure of AML: clonogenic cells and their progeny identified by differentiation markers. AB - We performed a subpopulation analysis in acute myelocytic leukemia (AML) with the objective of relating the phenotypic diversity to the clonogenic properties of the cells. AML-CFUs considered as representatives of the leukemia precursor cell compartment were phenotyped for cell surface markers by use of eight monoclonal antibodies directed against myeloid differentiation antigens and the Ia antigen. Thus, specifically depleted (in complement-dependent lysis) or selected (in fluorescence-activated cell sorting), cells were inoculated into colony culture. We report here that AML-CFU surface phenotypes showed considerable variability among the seven patients with AML studied. The clonogenic cells were heterogeneous with regard to the antigen density on the cell surface and represented a distinct population among the leukemias. The immunophenotypes of AML-CFU did not differ as a consequence of variations of colony techniques, ie, the use of different stimulatory materials. The marrow and blood, as shown in four subjects, contained AML-CFU of identical maturation stages. In addition, the direct cellular offspring of AML-CFUs were phenotyped. This was done by analyzing the colonies produced in culture, and it was apparent that their antigenic markers were compatible with later stages of differentiation. For example, AML CFUs in all patients were granulocytic antigen B4.3-negative, whereas their colony progeny contained significant numbers of B4.3-positive cells. This direct evidence indicating that progenitors and descendant cells in AML are identified by distinct maturation features corroborates the concept that the heterogeneous cellular structure of human AML is a reflection of the apparent differentiation capabilities of the precursors. The fact that the differentiation markers of the leukemia are variably expressed or even lacking on AML-CFUs has clinical importance in the immunodiagnosis of residual leukemia and in immunoseparation of leukemia from autologous bone marrow grafts. PMID- 3904867 TI - Bone marrow transplantation for paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria: eradication of the PNH clone and documentation of complete lymphohematopoietic engraftment. AB - Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) involves the proliferation of an abnormal and possibly premalignant hematopoietic stem cell. Successful treatment of PNH by marrow grafting requires that the PNH clone be eradicated by the pretransplant conditioning regimen. Four patients with PNH-associated marrow aplasia were transplanted with marrow from their HLA-matched, MLR-nonreactive siblings. Three patients were conditioned with cyclophosphamide, procarbazine, and antithymocyte serum (CTX/PCZ/ATS), and one was conditioned with busulfan/CTX/PCZ/ATS. Persistent complete engraftment of myeloid, lymphoid, and erythroid cell lines was demonstrated in all four patients by DNA sequence polymorphism analysis or cytogenetics, and RBC typing. There was no recurrence of the abnormal clone of cells for up to five years after transplantation despite the use of a conditioning regimen in three of them, which is not usually associated with permanent marrow aplasia. Bone marrow transplantation is a curative therapy in patients whose illness is severe enough to warrant the risk. PMID- 3904869 TI - Molecular characterization of quinine/quinidine drug-dependent antibody platelet interaction using monoclonal antibodies. AB - Two murine monoclonal antibodies, FMC 25 and AN 51, directed against distinct epitopes on the glycoprotein Ib complex, have been used to further define the mechanism of quinine/quinidine drug-dependent antibody interaction with platelets. FMC 25, directed against an epitope on glycoprotein IX, had no effect on platelet aggregation induced by collagen or adenosine diphosphate and little, if any, effect on ristocetin-induced platelet agglutination. FMC 25 and its (Fab)2 fragment, however, were potent inhibitors of drug-dependent antibody induced platelet aggregation and blocked binding of drug-dependent antibody to platelets as assessed by indirect platelet immunofluorescence. In contrast, AN 51, directed against an epitope on the alpha-subunit of glycoprotein Ib, blocked ristocetin-induced, factor VIII/von Willebrand factor (FVIII/vWF)-dependent platelet agglutination but not drug-dependent antibody-induced platelet aggregation or binding of drug-dependent antibody to platelets. Selective proteolytic removal of the majority of the alpha-subunit of glycoprotein Ib (glycocalicin) from platelets by treatment with calcium-dependent protease did not affect binding of drug-dependent antibody. In addition, a quinidine-dependent antiplatelet antibody immunoprecipitated glycoprotein Ib complex from normal platelets and the membrane-associated proteolytic remnant of the glycoprotein Ib complex from calcium-dependent protease-treated platelets. Preincubation of drug dependent antibody with purified glycoprotein Ib complex inhibited subsequent binding of antibody to platelets, but the separated components, glycoprotein Ib and glycoprotein IX, were both ineffective, suggesting that the normal interaction between glycoprotein Ib and glycoprotein IX in the intact complex was necessary for drug-dependent antibody recognition. The functional response of platelets to drug-dependent antibody was not mediated by way of platelet Fc receptor, since aggregation of washed platelets by acetone-aggregated IgG was not inhibited by FMC 25 (Fab)2. FVIII/vWF was not required for drug-dependent antibody-induced platelet aggregation. The combined evidence is consistent with quinine/quinidine-dependent antibody-platelet interaction occurring by way of a FVIII/vWF-independent, Fc receptor-independent mechanism that probably involves binding of antibody to glycoprotein IX or the beta-subunit of glycoprotein Ib or both. PMID- 3904870 TI - Prognostic discrimination among younger patients with chronic granulocytic leukemia: relevance to bone marrow transplantation. AB - To obtain information relevant to the question of bone marrow transplantation, we examined the prognostic significance of disease features recorded at the time of diagnosis among 625 patients, aged 5 to 45, with Philadelphia chromosome positive, nonblastic chronic granulocytic leukemia. The actuarial death rate for this population was 5% during the first year after diagnosis, 12% during the second year, and averaged 22.5% per year during the next eight years. Multivariable regression analysis of features recorded in nearly all cases indicated that sex, spleen size, hematocrit, platelet count, and percentage of circulating blasts were significant prognostic indicators. Analyses of additional data available in 113 to 421 cases suggested that serum lactic dehydrogenase activity, percentage of blasts in marrow, nucleated RBCs in blood, and percentage of basophils plus eosinophils might also provide useful prognostic information. A Cox model, generated with five variables representing features recorded regularly (the first five listed), permitted segregation of these patients into three groups with significantly different survival patterns. The high-risk group exhibited an actuarial mortality of 30% during the first two years after diagnosis and an annual risk of 30% thereafter. In contrast, the most favorable group had a two-year actuarial mortality of 9% and an average risk thereafter of 17% per year, with a median survival of 5 1/2 years. We conclude that it should be possible to classify potential candidates for bone marrow transplantation according to risk with conventional therapy. Such information may be useful in making decisions regarding early v deferred marrow transplantation. PMID- 3904872 TI - Bone marrow transplantation for acute nonlymphocytic leukemia in first remission: analysis of prognostic factors. PMID- 3904868 TI - Abnormal clonogenic potential of T cells from multiple myeloma patients. AB - Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) from multiple myeloma patients are defective in both proportion and absolute numbers of OKT4+ cells and have a normal proportion but reduced absolute number of OKT8+ cells. To assess the functional capabilities of the T cells in myeloma patients, we cloned the T cells in PBLs using limiting dilution conditions in which 100% of OKT4+ and OKT8+ T cells in normal PBLs are able to form a clone. In contrast, the OKT8+ cells from PBLs of five of seven multiple myeloma patients were severely compromised in their clonogenic potential; only 7% to 25% of OKT8+ T cells appeared to give rise to a clone. Clonogenic potential of the OKT4+ cells in patients was more nearly normal. Analysis of two multiple myeloma patients with abnormally low numbers of T cells in PBLs revealed the existence of abnormalities in the progenitors of T cell clones. In both patients, two to three times as many T cell clones were observed as would have been expected based on the number of PBLs cultured at limiting dilution, indicating that OKT4-8- cells in PBLs are capable of giving rise to OKT4+ and, at lower frequency, to OKT8+ clonal progeny in vitro. We conclude that purely quantitative assessment of T cell subsets should be interpreted with caution, since proportionately normal numbers of OKT8+ cells in patient PBLs are seriously compromised in their ability to give rise to clonal progeny in vitro, and since there appears to be a OKT4-8- population of T cells in PBLs that are committed to become OKT4+ or OKT8+ T cells, but are unable to do so in vivo. PMID- 3904871 TI - Endothelial prostacyclin production is a late event in granulocyte migration into bovine pulmonary artery intimal explants. AB - Whether migration of granulocytes across pulmonary vascular endothelium in the absence of structural evidence of endothelial injury causes increased production of thromboxane or prostacyclin is not known. Using bovine pulmonary artery intimal explants mounted in Boyden chambers and homologous separated granulocytes, concentrations of thromboxane B2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha in the upper well fluid were measured by radioimmunoassay over a three-hour period under the following conditions: (1) granulocyte chemotaxis (zymosan-activated plasma in the lower well, granulocytes in the upper well); (2) unstimulated granulocyte migration (serum or plasma in the lower well, granulocytes in the upper well); (3) granulocyte activation without migration (zymosan-activated plasma and granulocytes in the upper well); (4) granulocyte chemotaxis in the absence of endothelium (identical to condition 1 above except that endothelium was scraped from the explant surface); and (5) explants incubated in the absence of granulocytes. Minimal increases in thromboxane B2 concentrations in upper-well fluid occurred under all conditions. In contrast, granulocyte chemotaxis was accompanied by large increases in concentrations of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha evident by two hours of incubation and increasing markedly by three hours, to 524.3 +/- 69.0 ng/mL (m +/- SEM). Unstimulated migration of granulocytes toward serum or plasma and granulocyte activation without migration were accompanied, at three hours, by more modest increases in 6-keto-PGF1 alpha (296.5 +/- 46.4; 128.0 +/- 38.6, and 236.7 +/- 47.0 ng/mL, respectively) and, in the absence of granulocytes or in the absence of endothelium, only minimal increases in this prostacyclin metabolite occurred (137.2 +/- 16.9 and 53.9 +/- 12.6 ng/mL, respectively). The large rises in prostacyclin metabolite occurred at a time when the majority of granulocytes had migrated through the endothelial layer rather than during their adherence or transendothelial passage. We conclude that chemotaxis of granulocytes through pulmonary vascular endothelium causes endothelial production of large amounts of prostacyclin, but this occurs late in the chemotactic process, after granulocytes have transversed the endothelium. PMID- 3904874 TI - Absence of habituation of airway dilation following lung inflation. AB - In order to test the possibility that airway dilation following lung inflation (ADFLI) could exhibit habituation, partial and complete maximum expiratory flow volume curves were obtained in 12 healthy individuals before and after inhaling methacholine aerosol in a dose that reduced in each individual the partial expiratory flows to approximately 50% of baseline values. Following methacholine inhalation, the difference in flows between complete and partial flow-volume curves at 40% VC was 64 +/- 22% (mean +/- SD) of partial curves after a single full lung inflation and 79 +/- 36% after 12 consecutive full inflations (p = NS). The absence of demonstrable habituation (tachyphylaxis) of ADFLI makes it unlike that ADFLI is due to a release of mediators and supports the view that it may be due to the intrinsic properties of the airway smooth muscle. PMID- 3904875 TI - [Parameters influencing the position of the occlusal line in the sagittal plane]. PMID- 3904873 TI - Almitrine has no effect on gas exchange after bilateral carotid body resection in severe chronic airflow obstruction. AB - Using a double-blind cross-over design, a single dose of 100 mg almitrine bismesylate and placebo were administered orally to eight patients with chronic airflow obstruction having undergone bilateral carotid body resection (BCBR) up to two years earlier to alleviate their extreme dyspnoea. In an open study, two other patients have been given almitrine before and three weeks after BCBR. In all patients, arterial blood gases, ventilation and breathing patterns, neuromuscular drive and hypoxic responsiveness have been studied before and three hours after drug administration. Almitrine failed to improve gas exchange in the patients with BCBR, nor did it affect ventilation, ventilatory or hypoxic drive. In the patients studied before and after BCBR, almitrine only improved gas exchange significantly before BCBR. It is concluded that in man almitrine acts solely as a peripheral chemoreceptor agonist and that the well-documented improvement in V/Q relationship is mediated through carotid body stimulation. PMID- 3904876 TI - Cellular mechanisms of acute estrogen negative feedback on LH secretion: pituitary responsiveness to LHRH and estradiol receptor kinetics in the pituitary, preoptic hypothalamic area, and the caudal hypothalamic area of the rat brain. AB - In order to examine the cellular mechanisms by which estradiol (E2) exerts its acute negative feedback upon luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion, a temporal correlation was made among serum LH concentrations, pituitary responsiveness to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH), and the translocation of E2 to nuclear (NER) receptors of the pituitary (PIT), preoptic hypothalamic area (POA), and the caudal hypothalamic area (HYP). Rats on diestrous day 1 were ovariectomized (OVX) and killed 10 days later. LH and LHRH were measured by RIA. NER was measured by an exchange assay. Serum LH increased 10-12-fold 10 days following OVX as compared to diestrous controls. The injection of estradiol benzoate (Eb, 20 microgram in corn oil/rat, sc) did not affect LH concentrations at 30 min but decreased serum LH at both 60 and 180 min following its administration. Pituitary responsiveness to LHRH (measured as the increase in LH 10 min after iv injections of 100 ng LHRH/rat) was not altered at 60 min but was significantly decreased 180 min following Eb injection. Thus, serum LH decreased prior to a detectable alteration in pituitary responsiveness to LHRH. Translocation of E2 receptors to NER of the HYP and PIT began 60 min following Eb injection and was maximal at 180 min. In contrast, translocation of E2 receptors in the POA was maximal at 60 min, and had recovered to control values 180 min following Eb administration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3904877 TI - Frequency selectivity and temporal resolution in normal and hearing-impaired listeners. AB - Methods of measuring the frequency selectivity of the auditory system using masking techniques are outlined and described in terms of the concept of the auditory filter. The relationship between the auditory filter shape and excitation patterns is described. Evidence is reviewed showing that frequency selectivity is usually reduced in people with cochlear hearing losses. Methods of measuring the temporal resolution of the auditory system are also reviewed, and results are compared for normally hearing and hearing-impaired subjects. Temporal resolution is impaired in most but not all cases of sensorineural hearing loss. It is concluded that the loss of frequency and temporal resolution accompanying cochlear hearing loss is a major cause of the difficulties encountered by the hearing impaired in understanding speech in noisy situations. PMID- 3904878 TI - Modernizing medical education in Milwaukee in 1914. Contributions of a sensational scandal, the Flexner Report, and student uprising. PMID- 3904879 TI - Montefiore Hospital, 1884-1984: history, health care and society. PMID- 3904880 TI - Techniques for the detection and identification of amphetamines and amphetamine like substances. AB - This paper reviews analytical techniques for the detection and identification of amphetamines and amphetamine-like substances in non-biological samples. It shows the wide range of methods available, from simple testing procedures to the use of the most powerful instruments available in analytical chemistry. The following techniques are discussed: colour tests, microcrystal tests, ultraviolet spectrophotometry, fluorescence spectrometry, infra-red and Raman spectrophotometry, thin-layer chromatography, gas chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 3904882 TI - Intra-uterine shunting procedures. AB - Modern realtime ultrasound equipment and interpretation have presented physicians with a new type of patient, i.e. the fetus. The fetus suffers all the diseases we know as birth defects, but in their formative stages. Two conditions, namely obstructive uropathy and obstructive hydrocephalus, appear to be amenable in some cases to treatment in utero. Animal models for these conditions have been developed and the first attempts to treat the disorders in humans have been made. While many questions remain unanswered, some initial observations and conclusions can be drawn from this experience. PMID- 3904881 TI - Treatment of fetal cardiac arrhythmias. AB - Fetal cardiac arrhythmias are usually first suspected on the basis of auscultatory findings during routine examination in pregnancy. With improved ultrasonic equipment a more accurate diagnosis of the type of arrhythmia can be made, associated problems such as structural cardiac defects and cardiac compromise can be recognized, and the effects of intrauterine treatment schedules can be closely monitored. The success of intrauterine therapy depends first and foremost on accurate intrauterine diagnosis. Until now intrauterine therapy for fetal cardiac arrhythmias has remained almost entirely restricted to pharmacological interventions. PMID- 3904883 TI - Experimental studies on prenatal treatment of congenital anomalies. AB - Development of fetal animal models for congenital anomalies helps elucidate the pathophysiological consequences of the disease process as well as the efficiency of prenatal intervention in ameliorating the disease. The experimental work that supports the pathophysiological rationale for in-utero correction of diaphragmatic hernia and urinary tract obstruction is reviewed in this article. PMID- 3904884 TI - Developments in psychiatric day care. PMID- 3904885 TI - Sulpiride and haloperidol in schizophrenia: a double-blind cross-over study of therapeutic effect, side effects and plasma concentrations. AB - In a double-blind cross-over trial, 20 chronic schizophrenic patients were treated with sulpiride and haloperidol in two 12-week periods. The final median dose of sulpiride was 2000 mg/day (range 800-3200) and of haloperidol 12 mg/day (range 6-24). Sulpiride had an antipsychotic effect and therapeutic profile not significantly different from that of haloperidol. In spite of the high doses of sulpiride, extrapyramidal side-effects were seen less frequently during the first four weeks of the sulpiride period than during the corresponding haloperidol period (P less than 0.05), whereas autonomic side-effects were equally rare for both drugs. A positive correlation was found between daily dose and plasma concentration of both sulpiride (P less than 0.001) and haloperidol (P less than 0.05), but no correlation could be established between clinical effects and plasma levels of either neuroleptic. PMID- 3904886 TI - A double-blind out-patient trial of indalpine vs mianserin. AB - Indalpine 150 mg per day and mianserin 60 mg per day were compared in a double blind study of 65 depressed out-patients: 52 patients completed the 4-week trial. At the end of four weeks there was no significant difference in antidepressant effect between the two drugs; but in the first two weeks, improvement in the mianserin-treated group was significantly greater than that in the indalpine group. The mianserin-treated group reported more side-effects of sedation (eg. drowsiness, clumsiness, heaviness of limbs etc.) and one patient on indalpine developed a mild leucopenia. PMID- 3904887 TI - Two-dimensional epidemiology. PMID- 3904888 TI - Decreased chemiluminescent associated phagocytic response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to Chlamydia trachomatis in patients with HLA-B27+ anterior uveitis. AB - The chemiluminescent (CL) associated phagocytic response of peripheral blood monocytes to two serovars of Chlamydia trachomatis, Shigella flexneri and zymosan was assessed in a group of 26 patients with anterior uveitis (AU). HLA-B27+ patients with AU, when compared to HLA-B27- patients with AU and appropriate controls, had a significantly decreased CL response to C. trachomatis but no difference between groups in the response to S. flexneri and zymosan. The decreased chemiluminescent (phagocytic) response of mononuclear phagocytes to Chlamydiae may indicate an important abnormality in the pathogenesis of HLA-B27+ AU. PMID- 3904890 TI - The value of pre-operative ultrasound of the liver in colonic and gastric neoplasia. AB - In a series of 50 patients presenting with gastric or colonic neoplasms ultrasound scans of the liver were performed during the pre-operative assessment. The radiologist who performed the scan was informed that the patient had gastro intestinal malignancy but was unaware of the clinical or biochemical findings that might suggest hepatic metastases. The ultrasound findings were then compared with the results of laparotomy, laparoscopy or the clinical course of the patient. The overall accuracy of ultrasound in this small series was 88%. PMID- 3904889 TI - Direct immunofluorescence of normal skin in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - The clinical significance of previously described immunoglobulin and complement deposition in the superficial dermal vessel walls of patients with rheumatoid arthritis is unknown. In the present study, skin biopsies were obtained from the normal forearm and buttock of 48 unselected patients with rheumatoid arthritis and were examined by direct immunofluorescence (IF) for the presence of immunoglobulin (IgG,A,M) and complement (C3) in the vessel walls. Deposits of C3, IgM or IgG were detected in 10 patients. Five patients had deposits at the forearm sample alone, four patients had deposits at both biopsy sites, while one patient was positive at the buttock alone. Clinical features were similar in patients with and without vessel IF. However, patients with IF were significantly more seropositive with lower levels of complement and raised levels of serum IgA and IgM. There was also an increased level of circulating IgG immune complexes in these patients. Further analysis following exclusion of seronegative patients revealed similar results. This study suggests that the presence of vessel IF identifies a subgroup of patients who have evidence of more severe immunological disturbance. PMID- 3904891 TI - Neurosonography in full-term cerebral haemorrhage. AB - Full-term as well as preterm infants are liable to cerebral haemorrhage. Not all paediatricians are aware of this, but the availability of ultrasound in many general hospitals which have paediatric beds is alerting them to this possibility. This account draws on a two-year experience at a paediatric institute to which full-term infants with neurological symptoms were referred from a wide area. During this time 23 cases were diagnosed and cases illustrating the spectrum are presented. PMID- 3904893 TI - Ultrasound and CT in renal parenchymal malakoplakia: report of a case with previous xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. PMID- 3904892 TI - An assessment of ultrasound mammography as an additional investigation for the diagnosis of breast disease. AB - X-ray mammography was performed on 446 patients with suspected breast disease and 23 breast carcinomas were detected of 26 (sensitivity: 88.5%) that were ultimately diagnosed in the 12-24 months' period following examination. Ultrasound mammography was used as an additional procedure in 183 patients because the radiographic findings were considered to be indeterminate and it detected an additional two carcinomas, to give an overall sensitivity of 96%. X ray mammography identified 40 benign lesions and subsequent ultrasound mammography characterised 38 of these as being either cystic or solid. Ultrasound also detected an additional 32 benign lesions (28 cysts and 4 fibroadenomas) which had not been evident on X-ray mammography. It is concluded that ultrasound mammography is a useful complementary procedure for those patients who have radiodense breasts or indeterminate radiographic findings on X-ray mammography. PMID- 3904894 TI - Comparative study of two iodinated contrast media containing 20% iodine in lower limb phlebography: ioxaglate versus a conventional product. AB - Forty-eight patients were examined by bilateral ascending phlebography in a crossover, prospective, randomised, double-blind study. A low-osmolar agent (Hexabrix) (ioxaglate, 200 mg iodine/ml) and a dilute conventional contrast medium (Angiografin) (meglumine diatrizoate) with the same iodine concentration were used for each limb alternately. The adverse reactions and the quality of diagnostic data were recorded: the Student paired-t-test showed statistically that ioxaglate containing 200 mg iodine per ml was better tolerated and that diagnostic information was equally good for the deep and ilio-caval systems, but seemed better with diatrizoate for superficial veins with extensive varicosity. The authors conclude that ioxaglate 200 is advantageous overall in lower-limb phlebography from the standpoints of tolerance, diagnostic data and cost. PMID- 3904895 TI - Pelvic haematocele in ruptured ectopic pregnancy simulating uterine enlargement. AB - Rupture of an ectopic pregnancy may result in the formation of a pelvic haematocele. Four cases are presented in which the haematocele appeared as a solid or complex mass of coarse echoes on ultrasound examination and was indistinguishable from the uterus. Because of this, the sonographic examination suggested enlargement and inhomogeneity of the uterus. Differential diagnosis is discussed. PMID- 3904896 TI - Proceedings of the British Medical Ultrasound Society. Fifteenth annual meeting. December 18-21, 1983. Abstracts. PMID- 3904897 TI - Digital radiography: current and future trends. PMID- 3904898 TI - Ultrasound demonstration of variations in normal portal vein diameter with posture. AB - The portal vein diameter has been measured in 100 fasting patients in both the supine and left lateral decubitus positions. We have demonstrated that the vessel diameter increases by up to 100% in the latter position. The significance of this finding is discussed. PMID- 3904900 TI - Prune belly syndrome with ultrasound demonstration of reduction of megacystis in utero. PMID- 3904899 TI - Omnipaque and Urografin in left ventriculography and coronary arteriography. A randomised, double blind study. AB - In order to compare tolerability and radiographic properties of Omnipaque (iohexol) 350 mg I/ml and Urografin (sodium meglumine diatrizoate) 76% (370 mg I/ml) in left ventriculography and coronary arteriography, a randomised, double blind parallel study was conducted. ECG, heart rate, blood pressure, cardiac output, oxygen saturation, CK-MB, adverse reactions and opacification were recorded. Twenty-five patients received Omnipaque and 24 Urografin and all patients were included in the final material. Omnipaque was found to have less influence on haemodynamics than Urografin. Few adverse reactions were encountered in the entire study, but fewer after injections of Omnipaque than after Urografin. Equally good opacification was demonstrated for both media. Omnipaque was found well suited for cardioangiography and superior to standard ionic media. PMID- 3904901 TI - Serial qualitative maternal nephrosonography in pregnancy. AB - Thirty-four pregnant primigravidae underwent serial real-time nephrosonography during their pregnancy and for three months post partum. The study confirms the asymmetrical effect of pregnancy on upper urinary tract dilatation as well as the incidence of changes as reported by others. Unlike previous published work, the serial nature of this study makes it the first to describe in detail the degree of change which occurs with advancing gestation and allows the study of the dynamics of pregnancy hydronephrosis. It demonstrates that twenty weeks of gestation marks the threshold for the development of significant dilatation and shows a long-term effect of pregnancy on the distensibility of the upper urinary tract. PMID- 3904902 TI - Serial quantitative maternal nephrosonography in pregnancy. AB - Real time ultrasound provides a quick, safe and convenient method of examining not only the appearance but also the dimensions of the kidneys and the upper renal tract in pregnant women. Using an on-screen measuring system, the length, width and thickness of the renal and pelvicalyceal outline of both left and right kidney were measured in a non-pregnant control group, and also at regular intervals throughout pregnancy and into the puerperium in a group of healthy primigravid patients. From the results the behaviour of the total renal pelvicalyceal and renal parenchymal volumes can be followed. Furthermore they clearly illustrate the separate and independent influences on the pregnant maternal upper renal tract of urinary stasis, increased renal blood flow, and possibly cellular hypertrophy. PMID- 3904903 TI - External hydrocephalus--diagnosis by ultrasound. AB - We describe five infants with the appearance of external hydrocephalus diagnosed by real-time cranial ultrasound. The indication for scanning in all cases was a head circumference crossing the 90th centile. The interhemispheric fissure is widened with the falx usually visible and the cortical surface can be seen beneath the anterior fontanelle. There is minimal, if any, ventricular dilatation and none of the children went on to develop internal hydrocephalus. Two children had minor motor problems but there were no other neurodevelopmental sequelae. PMID- 3904905 TI - Copper-7 perforation of the uterus and urinary bladder with calculus formation- sonographic demonstration. PMID- 3904904 TI - Lesser sac haematoma in a haemophiliac patient. PMID- 3904906 TI - The influence of clinical trials in the treatment of cancer: results of a survey. PMID- 3904907 TI - Epidemiology of stone disease. PMID- 3904908 TI - Plasma hormone levels in patients with prostatic carcinoma treated with diethylstilboestrol and estramustine. AB - Plasma testosterone, oestradiol, luteinising hormone (LH) growth hormone and prolactin were measured serially in 140 patients with advanced prostatic carcinoma (T3, T4, MI and MO) randomised in a trial of diethylstilboestrol 3 mg/day against estramustine 560 mg/day. Both drugs suppressed plasma testosterone and LH and increased plasma growth hormone and prolactin, though estramustine induced a greater rise in prolactin. Oestradiol levels fell on stilboestrol but were considerably elevated on estramustine. Initial hormone levels reflected neither the extent of disease nor the response to treatment. The data also showed that close attention should be given to plasma LH in identifying patients who are unreliable, since intermittent hormone dosage caused an exaggerated rise even when plasma testosterone remained at castrate levels. PMID- 3904909 TI - Toxicity testing of urinary catheters. AB - The tissue toxicity of 23 urinary catheter batches (6 latex and 2 non-latex brands) was tested in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, a human T-cell leukemia line (JM) was cultured in the presence of different concentrations of eluates made from the catheters. The cytotoxicity of the eluates was assessed from their ability to inhibit DNA synthesis measured by incorporation of 3H-thymidine. In vivo, two methods were used. Strips of catheters were implanted into the rabbit dorsal muscle and pieces of catheters were implanted into the rat peritoneal cavity. After four days, the foreign body reaction, type of inflammation and necrosis were quantified macroscopically and by light microscopy. The results of the in vitro cytotoxicity test were correlated with those of in vivo methods. The rat peritoneal implantation test correlated better with the cell culture test (P less than 0.01) than with the rabbit muscle implantation test (P less than 0.05). Based on the clinical experience of urethral stricture complications caused by urinary catheters, catheters yielding eluate which at 30% dilution inhibited 50% DNA synthesis were regarded as toxic. According to this, the rabbit muscle implantation test was not reliable in testing the tissue toxicity of urinary catheters, while the cell culture test was quantitative and seemed to correlate with both the rat peritoneal implantation test and with the clinical complications observed. PMID- 3904910 TI - Ultrasonic detection of urethral calculus. PMID- 3904911 TI - Bile reflux and the gastric mucosal barrier after truncal vagotomy and drainage. PMID- 3904912 TI - Failure of Doppler ankle pressure to predict healing of conservative forefoot amputations. AB - Fifty minor foot and transmetatarsal amputations were studied to assess the reliability of Doppler ankle blood pressure (DABP) and skin blood flow (SBF) to predict healing. The level of amputation was determined solely on clinical criteria. Thirty-six (72 per cent) of the amputations healed. There was no statistical difference between mean DABP in healed 89 +/- 8 mmHg mean +/- s.e.m.) and non-healed (91 +/- 12 mmHg mean +/- s.e.m.) amputations. SBF was assessed by 125I-iodoantipyrine clearance in 28 patients. There was no correlation between DABP and SBF (r = 0.038). SBF in patients with healed amputations was 14.8 +/- 1.2 (mean +/- s.e.m.) ml 100 g-1 min-1 in contrast to SBF of 5.9 +/- 0.3 (mean +/ s.e.m.) ml 100 g-1 min-1 in the patients with non-healing (P less than 0.01). Where the flow was in excess of 8 ml 100 g-1 min-1 healing was always obtained while a flow of less than 7 ml 100 g-1 min-1 was associated with healing failure. These results suggest that DABP should be interpreted with caution as this technique fails as an accurate means of identifying those patients suitable for forefoot amputations. Skin blood flow assessment appears to provide an absolute value for the prediction of healing potential at this level. PMID- 3904913 TI - Percutaneous pancreatic cystogastrostomy guided by ultrasound scanning and gastroscopy. PMID- 3904914 TI - The role of greater omentum in reconstructing skin and soft tissue defects of the groin and axilla. AB - In three patients undergoing extended inguinal (2) or axillary (1) block dissection for recurrent malignant disease use of conventional reconstructive methods was not possible. Transposed greater omentum was used to provide a vascularized base for split-thickness skin grafts in two patients and to protect a vascular prosthesis placed in heavily irradiated tissues in the third. In each case whole limb ablation was avoided and the salvaged limb showed good function. No local recurrence of malignant disease was seen. PMID- 3904915 TI - Four outbreaks of salmonellosis due to Salmonella typhimurium among cattle in one district in Denmark: case reports. PMID- 3904916 TI - Evaluation of an ultrasonic pregnancy detector. PMID- 3904917 TI - Infectious diseases of the camel: viruses, bacteria and fungi. PMID- 3904918 TI - Subcortical functions in language: a working model. AB - The current paper explains a model of subcortical language functions that focuses on dynamic interactions between the cortex, the thalamus, and the basal ganglia in the production of spoken language. The model was derived from (a) studies of subcortical lesions and language, (b) studies of subcortical stimulation and language, (c) knowledge regarding neural pathways between various cortical and subcortical structures, and (d) indications that preverbal monitoring of language occurs. In the current model, the thalamus plays roles in cortical arousal and activation and in preverbal semantic monitoring. The basal ganglia function to regulate the degree of excitation conveyed from the thalamus to the cortex and to time the release of formulated language for motor programming. Consistency with classical syndromes of aphasia and potential applications to other areas in the neurosciences are discussed. The current theory, unlike previous formulations, is specific enough that testable hypotheses can be derived. PMID- 3904919 TI - Antibody staining reveals novel aspects of segmentation within the leech central nervous system. AB - The leech is a segmented annelid with a well characterized central nervous system. In this report, we use antibodies to map the distribution of neurons confined to selected segmental ganglia in the mud leech Haemopis marmorata. The distribution of these neurons suggest 3 novel aspects of segmentation in the leech nervous system: (1) neurons are assigned to even-numbered ganglia through a mechanism which effectively counts through the leech segmental body plan by units of 2, (2) neurons are assigned to ganglia 7 and 14 through a mechanism which effectively counts in units of 7 and (3) neurons are assigned to the 2nd and 4 fused head ganglia and to the 2nd of 21 unfused midbody ganglia through a mechanism which effectively counts units from the origin of these 2 ganglionic series. These 3 hypothetical counting mechanisms divide the central nervous system (CNS) into supersegmental units. Neurons used to define these supersegmental units have been injected with tracer and identified as interganglionic interneurons. Competitive interactions among embryonic precursors of these neurons may directly eliminate their homologs from intervening ganglia, and thus sculpture supersegmental patterns into the mature nervous system. PMID- 3904920 TI - The coexistence of two neuroactive peptides in a subpopulation of retinal amacrine cells. AB - Amacrine cells are axonless interneurons of the vertebrate retina. Over the past few years many neuroactive peptides have been localized to these cells. We have previously demonstrated that a neuropeptide and a classical transmitter are colocalized in some amacrine cells. In this report, we show that two neuroactive peptides, which probably arise from different precursors, also coexist in some amacrine cells. Although some amacrine cells contain only enkephalin or neurotensin, others contain both of these neuroactive peptides. PMID- 3904921 TI - Coexistence of neuropeptides in projection neurons of the thalamus in the cat. AB - Coexistence of neuropeptides was suggested by double-staining immunohistochemistry in projection neurons in the thalamus of the cat; cholecystokinin (CCK)-like immunoreactivity (LI) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)-LI in the rostral group of the intralaminar nuclei, CCK-LI and neurotensin (NT)-LI in the anterodorsal nucleus and NT-LI and VIP-LI in the laterodorsal nucleus. PMID- 3904922 TI - Identification of thalamic neurons with vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-like immunoreactivity in the rat. AB - Cell bodies with vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-like immunoreactivity (VIP-LI) were found in the thalamus of the rat. They were distributed throughout the ventrolateral nucleus (VL) and in the whole extent of the thalamic reticular nucleus (R) except for its most rostral part. On the basis of soma diameters, VIP LI cells in the VL and R were assumed to be projection neurons. PMID- 3904923 TI - Changes with aging in the vasopressin and oxytocin innervation of the rat brain. AB - The effect of aging on the vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OXT) innervation of the brain was studied by means of immunocytochemistry, comparing the major innervated areas in 5-month-old and 34-month-old male Brown-Norway rats. A marked decrease of AVP fiber density was found in the old rats as compared with the young animals in the vertical limb of the diagonal band, the basal nucleus of Meynert, the lateral habenular nucleus, the medial amygdaloid nucleus, the substantia nigra, the ventral hippocampus, the central gray, the locus coeruleus and in the ambiguus nucleus. The AVP innervation of the lateral septum and the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus was moderately, although not significantly reduced. No age difference in AVP innervation was found in the paraventricular thalamic nucleus or in the nucleus of the solitary tract. OXT fiber density did not differ between young and old animals in the locus coeruleus, the nucleus of the solitary tract and the ambiguus nucleus. Thus, the aging process appears to affect AVP cells in a differential, rather than in a general way. Changes were found to be more pronounced in those areas where the AVP innervation is dependent upon circulating androgens. PMID- 3904924 TI - Autoradiography of high affinity uptake of catecholamines by primary astrocyte cultures. AB - Uptake of D.L-[3H]norepinephrine ([3H]NE) and [3H]dopamine ([3H]DA) by primary astrocyte cultures prepared from neonatal rat brains, which are greater than or equal to 95% glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP(+)), was studied by measuring accumulation of tritium label, and localizing such uptake at the cellular level by autoradiography. Uptake of [3H]NE was 95% Na+ dependent at 10(-7) M and 80% Na+ dependent at 7.5 X 10(-7) M [3H]NE. Uptake of [3H]DA at 7.5 X 10(-7) M was 58% Na+ dependent, but total uptake of [3H]DA was greater than uptake of [3H]NE. Autoradiography of cells incubated with 7.5 X 10(-7) M [3H]NE or [3H]DA showed that a high proportion of all the cells in these cultures had a grain density which was clearly above background. When Na+ was omitted from the medium, the temperature was lowered to 4 degrees C, or 10(-7) M desmethylimipramine or 10(-7) M amitryptyline were present, cellular grain density after exposure to both [3H]NE and [3H]DA was greatly reduced, to close to background levels. It also appeared necessary to have inhibitors of both monoamine oxidase (pargyline) and catecholamine-O-methyltransferase (tropolone) present to see clear cellular localization for [3H]DA. In the case of [3H]NE the presence of tropolone alone was adequate to observe cellular localization. These results confirm our previous findings of the existence of a high affinity uptake process for catecholamines in primary astrocyte cultures based on uptake properties, and in the present study also localizes such uptake to the major, astrocytic cell type. PMID- 3904926 TI - The electronic pantograph: amplifier couples microscope stage to X-Y plotter. AB - A system is described that allows the X-Y movement of a microscope stage to be coupled to the movement of the pen of a X-Y plotter. Linear potentiometers are displaced by any X- or Y-axis movement of the microscope's stage and are connected to a DC amplifier which provides a varying DC voltage to the inputs of a X-Y plotter. The pen of the X-Y plotter becomes yoked to the movement of the stage and it is possible to draw or count the image that is being viewed at magnifications which are independent of those used for observation. The coupling DC amplifier provides a DC offset voltage at all gain settings of the pantograph which is sufficient to reposition the pen of the X-Y plotter in the center of the plotter's platen, regardless of the location of the specimen on the microscope slide. The electronic pantograph overcomes the limitations of a camera lucida, and is well suited for analyzing connectional neuroanatomical material with bright- and darkfield, polarized light or florescent illumination at a reasonable price and without the complexity and hardware requirements of a computerized system. PMID- 3904925 TI - Effects of endotoxin and sodium salicylate on the preoptic thermosensitive neurons in tissue slices. AB - Effects of E. coli endotoxin and sodium salicylate (Sal) on single-unit activity of thermosensitive neurons recorded in slices of preoptic and anterior hypothalamic area (PO/AH) were studied in vitro. Perfusion of endotoxin containing Krebs-Ringer's solution or local application of endotoxin in the immediate vicinity of recording neurons decreased and increased the firing rate of 31 of 34 warm-sensitive neurons and a cold-sensitive neuron, but had no effect on the majority of thermally insensitive neurons. In about half of warm-sensitive neurons the inhibitory response to endotoxin was preceded by a transient increase in firing rate. The pyrogen-induced decrease in firing rate in warm-sensitive neurons was reversibly blocked or attenuated by local application of Sal in a dose-dependent manner. The results are consistent with the view that pyrogen and Sal act in the PO/AH to produce fever and antipyresis, respectively, by appropriately offsetting the activity of thermosensitive neurons. PMID- 3904927 TI - [Use of semi-thick sections in scanning electron microscopy of the kidney]. PMID- 3904928 TI - [The development and significance of the suffix -osis]. PMID- 3904929 TI - [In memory of Dr. F. Simer]. PMID- 3904930 TI - [Pneumoconioses due to French talc]. PMID- 3904931 TI - [Toward the disappearance of therapeutic abortions]. PMID- 3904932 TI - [Degranulation of human basophils and so-called homeopathic substances]. PMID- 3904933 TI - [Possibilities of control and prevention of high-risk asthma and fatal asthma]. PMID- 3904935 TI - [Henri Mondor, the surgeon]. PMID- 3904934 TI - [Henri Mondor, a gentle man]. PMID- 3904936 TI - [Henri Mondor at work]. PMID- 3904937 TI - [Henri Mondor, man of letters]. PMID- 3904938 TI - From the times of Mar-Samuel to those of Marjolin. PMID- 3904939 TI - Experience with a mobile fissure sealing unit in the Greater Glasgow area: results after three years. PMID- 3904940 TI - The General Dental Service in Scotland: an evaluation of findings reported by the Dundee Dental Health Services Research Unit. PMID- 3904942 TI - Capitation dentistry. Is it really an alternative to solo practice? PMID- 3904941 TI - Hormonal responses to exercise and training. AB - Current knowledge and understanding of the hormonal response to exercise are limited, whether in relation to horses, humans, or other species. The changes in plasma concentration of some hormones occur early in exercise, apparently owing to a neuronal stimulation, whereas others, being pituitary dependent, require hormonal stimulation. Also, although it is possible to observe changes in plasma concentrations of hormones, the mechanism by which this is achieved is not always understood, and unless the nonprotein-bound, or active, form of the hormone is also determined, changes in plasma concentration are less informative. Both the intensity and duration of exercise may be of importance in initiating or maintaining the hormonal response. Impulses from either the working muscles or motor centers, via the central nervous system, modify the response of the glands of the endocrine system directly via pituitary hormones or indirectly via the sympathoadrenal system. The initial response to the onset of exercise is enhancement of sympathoadrenal activity and secretion of pituitary hormones, which result in a reduction in the plasma concentration of insulin and a rise in that of virtually all other hormones. Because of this shift in hormone balance, a modification of the metabolism of intra- and extra-muscular triglycerides and glycogen as fuels for muscular exercise occurs. The variation in mobilization of one fuel source may well influence its combustion, together with both the mobilization and combustion of the other. When exercise is prolonged, the hormonal response is influenced by additional factors such as temperature, glucose availability, oxygen tension, and changes in plasma volume. The effect of training on hormonal responses is generally an ameliorating one that reflects an increased efficiency of muscular energy metabolism as a result of the training process. PMID- 3904943 TI - The hiring, training and firing of office staff. PMID- 3904944 TI - "This office will be closed...". PMID- 3904945 TI - Antibiotics for periodontal disease. When, why and what. PMID- 3904946 TI - Bulimic erosion. Dental management and report of cases. PMID- 3904947 TI - Frequency of amalgam replacement in general dental practice. PMID- 3904948 TI - Definitive immediate cast removable partial dentures. PMID- 3904949 TI - Lipoprotein metabolism and the role of apolipoproteins as metabolic programmers. AB - The plasma lipoproteins are large spherical macromolecular structures containing hydrophobic core lipids with phospholipids, cholesterol, and specific proteins (apoproteins) providing an amphipathic interface with the hydrophilic environment of the plasma. The major function of these particles, which are biosynthesized by the intestine and liver, is the transport of dietary or endogenously synthesized lipids to those tissues which utilize exogenous lipids for oxidative metabolism, storage, steroid hormone biosynthesis, or maintenance of their membrane integrity. The triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins are biosynthesized as metabolically inert particles which are catabolically programmed by postsecretory addition of apoproteins which activate the major lipolytic enzymes, inhibit premature removal, and ensure the later interaction of the degraded particles with specific cellular receptors. During the course of lipolysis, those apoproteins which activate catabolic enzymes are lost from the lipoprotein particles and are transferred to the high-density lipoproteins from which they were initially acquired. High-density lipoprotein also mediates the removal of cholesterol deposited in peripheral tissues as a result of uptake of degraded triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins. Acquisition of cellular cholesterol by high density lipoproteins results in its apoprotein-stimulated esterification and the later addition of an apoprotein which mediates receptor recognition and removal of the particle from the plasma. The presence or absence of specific apoproteins on the surface of a lipoprotein particle is modulated by the lipid-binding properties of the apoprotein, the surface lipid composition, and the size of the particle. The nature and mass ratios of these surface lipids are themselves dependent upon the activity of apoprotein-stimulated catabolic enzymes and other proteins which mediate the exchange of surface lipids between lipoprotein particles. Thus the apoproteins are effective programmers of lipoprotein metabolism and fulfil their role as such by cycling, in a directed fashion, between nascent and existing plasma lipoproteins. Genetic defects resulting in a perturbation of this intricate mechanism can lead to premature and pronounced atherosclerosis. PMID- 3904950 TI - The role of phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis in the secretion of lipoproteins from hepatocytes. AB - An investigation of the role of phospholipids in lipoprotein assembly and secretion is important since phospholipids, particularly phosphatidylcholine, are prominent components of all plasma lipoproteins. The fatty acid composition of phosphatidylcholine is virtually identical in human very low (VLDL), low, and high density lipoproteins, which supports the idea that phosphatidylcholine exchanges freely among plasma lipoproteins. However, the fatty acid composition of phosphatidylcholine from cultured rat hepatocytes is different from that in the secreted lipoproteins. In addition, the composition of molecular species of phosphatidylcholine is quite different in the rat liver, plasma, and red cells. Phosphatidylcholine is made in liver by two alternate pathways, by the CDP choline pathway and by the methylation of phosphatidylethanolamine. Regulation of phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis by the CDP-choline pathway in rat liver is well established. In most instances, the rate of phosphatidylcholine synthesis is governed by the activity of CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase, which is present in the cytosol and also associated with microsomes. The cytosolic enzyme is inactive but can be reversibly translocated to the microsomes, where it is active. Translocation of this enzyme to the microsomes can be achieved either by a dephosphorylation reaction or by the presence of fatty acids in the cytosol. Once synthesized, how is phosphatidylcholine assembled into lipoprotein particles? The sequence of assembly of phospholipids into VLDL has been investigated in several studies. In a pulse-chase experiment, there was an initial labelling (within 15 min of the pulse) of phospholipids in secreted VLDL, which probably reflected the rapid movement of the phospholipids from their site of synthesis (the endoplasmic reticulum) to the Golgi. There appears to be a rapid exchange of phospholipid between the Golgi membranes and contents. There was also a delayed labelling (after 30 min) of the phospholipids and triacylglycerols (from [3H]glycerol) and the apoproteins (from [3H]leucine) in the secreted VLDL. This lag was attributed to the time taken for the nascent VLDL particles to move from the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi and into the medium. Is phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis is required for lipoprotein secretion? This question was investigated in rats maintained on a choline deficient diet for 10 days. The total amount of plasma phosphatidylcholine decreased by approximately 40% and the rats developed fatty livers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3904951 TI - The catabolism of very low density lipoproteins. AB - The lipolysis of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) in vitro is a useful model for the study of the process of conversion of this triacylglycerol rich lipoprotein into low (LDL) and high (HDL) density lipoproteins. Data is reviewed to show that a portion of surface cholesterol and phospholipid which becomes redundant during lipolysis is lost from the lipoprotein. In the absence of HDL, the material forms lipoprotein-X (LpX) like vesicles which are not readily disrupted by HDL once they are formed. In the presence of HDL during lipolysis, the material is largely incorporated into HDL. The data is used to suggest a mechanism of formation of LpX-like vesicles in conditions where the production of surface remnants exceeds the capacity of HDL to disrupt them. Evidence is also provided to show that apolipoproteins (apo) C-II, C-III, and E are lost from VLDL and that this loss is primarily in association with a neutral core particle of HDL size which can subsequently exchange lipids and apolipoproteins with plasma HDL. Such a mechanism could account for the removal of apo E and excess cholesteryl ester which is necessary for conversion of VLDL to LDL. The role of hepatic lipase in this process remains speculative. Recent evidence is reviewed and used to propose that the enzyme may serve to rearrange the neutral core and surface composition of LDL and HDL subfractions to allow for the packaging of cholesteryl esters and the cycling of apolipoproteins. PMID- 3904952 TI - Nursing education--the computer obligation. PMID- 3904953 TI - Development of computer-based instruction to facilitate hospital retention of new graduate nurses. PMID- 3904954 TI - Development and use of computer managed instruction. PMID- 3904955 TI - The computer as partner in health care instruction. PMID- 3904956 TI - An instructional design approach to developing CAI courseware. PMID- 3904957 TI - CAI design considerations. PMID- 3904958 TI - The use of computer assisted instruction to teach nursing diagnosis. PMID- 3904959 TI - Optic nerve hypoplasia: clinical and ultrasonographic study. AB - The ocular and systemic features of 11 cases of optic nerve hypoplasia were analysed, with particular reference to visual function and associated anomalies of the central nervous system. Schizencephaly, noted in one of the cases, is reported for the first time in association with optic nerve hypoplasia. The role of ultrasonography in the diagnosis and qualitative evaluation of optic nerve hypoplasia is highlighted. PMID- 3904960 TI - Lasiodiplodia theobromae panophthalmitis. AB - Lasiodiplodia theobromae is a rare ocular pathogen. We report a case of panophthalmitis caused by this fungus. The patient was a healthy 62-year-old janitor with no history of ocular trauma in whom keratitis developed. Cultures of corneal scrapings identified the fungus. Despite treatment with appropriate antimycotics the keratitis progressed to infectious scleritis and then spontaneous perforation of the globe, which necessitated enucleation. The ultrasonographic, microbiologic and histologic findings are discussed and the results of in-vitro sensitivity testing presented. PMID- 3904961 TI - Endometriosis. AB - Endometriosis is related to retrograde menstruation or coelomic metaplasia and depends on the presence of estrogen. It is a consequence of menstruation into an area that has no outlet for menstrual blood. As a result, antigenic substances are released, causing an inflammatory response and the formation of prostaglandins. Subsequent inflammatory repair distorts pelvic anatomy and the prostaglandins affect ovarian, tubal and uterine function. Symptoms are not specific, so definitive diagnosis depends on laparoscopy or laparotomy for confirmation. Medical therapy is aimed at reducing the estrogen on which the endometriotic lesions depend. Danazol, a testosterone derivative, does this by interfering with ovarian follicular development, and often results in both symptomatic and objective improvement. When therapy is withdrawn, the renewed estrogen stimulus may cause the lesions to recur. Conservative surgical therapy (the excision of endometriotic nodules and the restoration of pelvic anatomy while leaving a reproductive potential) is equally successful. Radical surgery (abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy) is definitive, removing both the stimulus for endometriotic growth and the source of renewal. PMID- 3904962 TI - Technique for banding vertical gastroplasties. AB - The author describes a new technique for banding vertical gastroplasties, using polytetrafluoroethylene, in 177 patients. This material has several advantages over Marlex as a reinforcing material. It is inert, has no tendency to migrate and connective tissue invades its micropores holding it in place. Polytetrafluoroethylene 6 mm in diameter assumes an oval configuration and when placed around the stoma does not kink, collapse or impinge on the lumen. The leakage rate was only 1% and stomal narrowing occurred in only 1.7% of the patients. Follow-up films indicate that stomal size has remained stable in the patients followed up for 2 years. The technique has much to recommend it from the points of view of simplicity, economy and lack of complications associated with the grafting material. PMID- 3904963 TI - Early bronchial revascularization with an intercostal pedicle graft following canine lung autotransplantation. AB - The contribution of an intercostal pedicle flap to early revascularization and healing of the bronchial anastomosis following lung autotransplantation was evaluated in dogs. Left lung reimplantation was performed both in 33 control dogs (group 1) and in 38 dogs in which a pedicled intercostal muscle graft was wrapped around the bronchial anastomosis (group 2). Radiologic injection studies, estimation of the cross-sectional area of the anastomosis and histologic examination to assess the degree of healing were made at autopsy - 7, 14 and 28 days respectively after transplantation. Within a week, the bronchial mucosa was more normal and the anastomosis substantially more patent in group 2 than in group 1 animals. This study indicates that the intercostal pedicle flap significantly improves bronchial healing by promoting revascularization across and beyond the bronchial anastomosis at least as early as 7 days after lung reimplantation. PMID- 3904964 TI - Plasmodium falciparum malaria seen at Toronto General Hospital in 1984. PMID- 3904965 TI - Malaria prophylaxis for Canadian travellers. PMID- 3904966 TI - Organs for transplantation. PMID- 3904968 TI - Building a table: 3. PMID- 3904967 TI - Grain dust and respiratory health. AB - Exposure to grain dust gives rise to many respiratory problems. Since the growing, transporting and processing of grain are major Canadian industries, the number of individuals who might be affected by such exposure is sizeable. This paper describes clinical syndromes related to grain dust exposure, together with predisposing host factors, in an attempt to determine what levels of exposure are "safe" for workers and what areas still require extensive research. PMID- 3904969 TI - Cardiovascular applications of magnetic resonance imaging. AB - Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is a unique imaging modality that is gaining rapid acceptance for a variety of medical indications. Diagnostic information is obtained noninvasively, without the potential hazards of ionizing radiation. The spatial resolution and anatomic detail of MR imaging rival those of other currently available imaging methods. By gating to an electrocardiographic signal cardiac imaging is possible. Since March 1983 the authors have had experience with cardiac MR imaging in both animals and humans. Cardiac anatomy is well shown by this technique, which allows detection and characterization of intracardiac masses, congenital heart disease and anomalies of the great vessels. Myocardial infarction has been detected in both animals and humans without the use of contrast agents, and acute cardiac transplant rejection has been visualized in an animal model. Limitations of MR imaging primarily have been lengthy imaging times and the sensitivity of the images to motion. With further investigation and experience this technique may become useful for studying a wide variety of cardiovascular disorders. PMID- 3904970 TI - The professional origins of Dr. Joseph Mengele. PMID- 3904972 TI - Environmental Legionella. PMID- 3904971 TI - The Medical Research Council of Canada's 25th birthday. PMID- 3904973 TI - The Canadian Psychiatric Association: from 1975 to 1985. PMID- 3904975 TI - University programs for RNs. PMID- 3904974 TI - In defence of Sigmund Freud against Masson's charge of cowardice. PMID- 3904976 TI - Potentiation of photodynamic therapy with haematoporphyrin derivatives by glucocorticoids. AB - The effect of glucocorticoids on tumour destruction by photodynamic therapy (PDT) with haematoporphyrin derivative (HPD) and light has been examined in a transplantable mouse tumour model. Administration of glucocorticoid after irradiation enhanced the effect of PDT on both Lewis lung carcinoma and B16 melanoma. Administration of methylprednisolone acetate in depot form concurrently with HPD inhibited the response to PDT while soluble hydrocortisone sodium succinate had no effect. Correctly timed administration of glucocorticoid may have a place in treatment of human tumours by PDT with HPD. Glucocorticoid did not reduce the temporary photosensitivity of the skin induced by HPD. PMID- 3904978 TI - Growth of carcinogen-altered rat hepatocytes in the liver of syngeneic recipients promoted with phenobarbital. AB - An improved transplantation system for the study of carcinogen-altered hepatocytes is described. This system, which is based on that reported by Laishes and Farber (Cancer Res., 61: 507-512, 1978), involves the transfer of hepatocytes from male F344 animals to syngeneic adult hosts. Unlike the earlier protocol, the recipient rats were fed phenobarbital (PB) rather than the DNA-reactive agent, 2 acetylaminofluorene. gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT)-positive hepatocytes were induced in the donor animals by one of three different hepatocarcinogenic treatment regimens. The recipient rats received 0.05% PB in the diet for 3 wk prior to the cell transfer and were maintained on the PB diet for 2 to 7 mo. Hepatocytes from a male F344 donor rat that had received a 70% hepatectomy and 30 mg of diethylnitrosamine per kg and had been maintained on 0.05% PB for 12 mo formed GGT-positive colonies and hepatocellular carcinomas in both male and female recipients. No GGT-positive colonies were formed when 0.05% PB was omitted from the diet of the recipients. A 70% partial hepatectomy of the recipients at the time of cell transfer was also essential for the development of colonies and tumors. The mean volume of the colonies was 5 times larger in female recipients than in males, occupying 38% of the total liver volume in the females. GGT positive foci arose in recipient livers that had received hepatocytes from either a male F344 donor rat treated according to the Solt and Farber [Nature (Lond.), 263: 701-703, 1976] selection protocol or a male F344 donor rat that received a 70% hepatectomy and 30 mg of diethylnitrosamine per kg and was maintained on 0.05% PB for 5 mo. The recipient animals were treated with PB which the initial experiments showed was essential for the development of foci. The number and volume of the foci in the recipient varied according to the treatment regimen that the donor rat received. This system provides a method for analyzing the growth regulation of altered foci at various stages of neoplastic development during hepatocarcinogenesis in the rat in the absence of DNA-reactive selection agents. PMID- 3904977 TI - Adjuvant specific immunotherapy of resectable squamous cell lung carcinoma. Analysis at the eighth year. AB - From June 1976 to June 1981, 86 patients with resectable (Stage I and II) squamous cell lung carcinoma were entered into a randomized controlled study with three arms: Control Group - no treatment postoperatively. Specific Immunotherapy Group - three monthly doses of 500 micrograms of tumor associated antigen (TAA) emulsified with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). Nonspecific Immunotherapy Group - three monthly doses of CFA emulsified in saline. All the patients in the study received skin tests with PPD (5TU) and 100 micrograms of the same TAA used for the immunotherapy at 1, 4, 6, 9, and 12 months postoperatively. Patients in both immunotherapy groups showed a tendency for a better disease-free interval and overall survival compared to those of the control, but these interval and beneficial therapeutic effects were statistically significant only in the Group III patients who had no hilar lymph node metastasis (T1N0 and T2N0). Although Group III was originally designated as a nonspecific immunotherapy group, retrospectively, it should be called a lowdose specific immunotherapy group because these patients actually received a total of 500 micrograms of TAA (as skin tests) and three doses of CFA at separate sites. PMID- 3904979 TI - Possible role for thymine glycol in the selective inhibition of DNA synthesis on oxidized DNA templates. AB - Single-stranded DNA of coliphage M13mp8 was treated with the oxidizing agent, KMnO4, under conditions that selectively form cis-5,6-dihydro-5,6 dihydroxythymine (thymine glycol). Treatment of DNA with 0.7 and 1.4 mM KMnO4 introduced approximately 200 and 400 thymine glycol residues, respectively, per genome. When these DNAs were used to transform Escherichia coli, it was observed that phage survival was reduced in a dose-dependent manner. In studies designed to investigate the effect of DNA oxidation products on replication in vitro, a complementary 15-mer oligodeoxynucleotide was annealed to the oxidized template and extended with the Klenow fragment of DNA polymerase I from E. coli. It was observed that lesions in oxidized DNA strongly inhibited DNA elongation and that DNA synthesis was stopped opposite thymine residues. This is taken as suggestive evidence that the thymine glycol is inhibitory to DNA replication. PMID- 3904981 TI - Basal amino acid concentrations and the response to incremental glucose infusion in tumor bearing rats. AB - Plasma amino acid concentrations were measured in fasting nontumor bearing (NTB) and tumor bearing (TB; methylcholanthrene induced sarcoma) male Fischer F344 rats during infusion of 0.9% NaCl solution or glucose at 3.72 or 13.05 mumol/100 g total body weight (TBW)/min. The animals were studied when the tumor comprised only 8% of the TBW at a time when decreased food intake and weight loss were not manifest. During 0.9% NaCl infusion there were no significant differences between NTB or TB animals in the concentration of alanine (NTB: 152.6 +/- 20.1; TB: 150.3 +/- 19.0 microM; mean +/- SD), branched chain amino acids (BCAA) (NTB: 343.3 +/- 48.7; TB: 344.2 +/- 20.5 microM), essential amino acids, aromatic amino acids, or total amino acids. During infusion of glucose at 3.72 mumol/100 g TBW/min the alanine levels rose (NTB: 283.6 +/- 33.4; TB: 286.7 +/- 43.3 microM), and the BCAA levels fell (NTB: 215.9 +/- 19.4; TB: 228.7 +/- 43.4 microM) to similar concentrations in both NTB and TB animals. Glucose infusion at 13.05 mumol/100 g TBW/min resulted in an additional increase in the alanine concentration (NTB: 344.5 +/- 28.7; TB: 382.8 +/- 116.6 microM), and a further decrease in the BCAA concentration (NTB: 166.4 +/- 30.8; TB: 160.7 +/- 30.5 microM) without significant differences between NTB and TB animals. Paired analysis for each animal prior to and during glucose infusion demonstrated a similar absolute micromolar change in alanine and BCAA concentration during both glucose infusion rates in both NTB and TB animals. The levels of aromatic amino acids and total amino acids were unchanged and the essential amino acid concentrations were decreased only at the higher glucose infusion rate in both NTB and TB groups. Basal amino acid metabolism appears similar in the NTB and TB animals, prior to the onset of anorexia and weight loss. During exogenous glucose infusion the reciprocal changes in the plasma alanine and BCAA concentrations support the concept of a glucose-alanine-BCAA cycle at the whole body level that appears to respond to a similar extent in NTB and TB animals. PMID- 3904980 TI - Monoclonal antibodies to human renal cell carcinoma: recognition of shared and restricted tissue antigens. AB - Monoclonal antibodies (MABs) reactive with human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) were generated following immunization of mice with either RCC homogenates, RCC cell lines, or fetal kidney homogenates. The characteristics of four highly reactive immunoglobulin G1 MABs, designated UMVA-RCC-A6H, UMVA-RCC-A36, UMVA-RCC-C5H and UMVA-RCC-D5D are presented. The screening process consisted of a cell binding enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunohistological examination of tumor, normal, and fetal tissue sections. The MABs illustrated various degrees of antigen restriction: A6H identified an antigen common to RCC, some lung and colon carcinomas, the proximal renal tubules but no other normal tissues; A36 reacted with most human tumors, the renal tubules, and many other normal tissues; C5H reacted with nearly every human cancer but of the normal tissues, only the renal glomerulus shared this antigen; D5D was very restrictive, reacting with many although not all RCC and no other cancers or normal tissues with the exception of an occasional reactivity with a Bowman's capsule. Metastatic RCC and RCC xenografts expressed these antigens. None of the MABs participated in complement mediated cytotoxicity. In immunoprecipitation studies with L-[methyl 3H]methionine and [3H]glucosamine-HCl metabolically labeled RCC cells, C5H was shown to be associated with an antigen of Mr 115,000. PMID- 3904982 TI - Anomeric specificity of hexokinase in rat, human, and murine tumor cells. AB - In tumoral cells derived from the insulin-producing rat cell line RINm5F, both low- and high-Km glucose-phosphorylating enzymic activities were present. The hexokinase-like enzyme was inhibited by glucose 6-phosphate and displayed a greater affinity for but lower maximal velocity with alpha-D-glucose than beta-D glucose. A comparable anomeric behavior of hexokinase was observed in breast cancer (MCF-7) and lymphocytic leukemia (P388) cells. Thus, the anomeric specificity of hexokinase in tumoral cells was not different from that recently characterized in normal mammalian cells. PMID- 3904983 TI - Repair of haloethylnitrosourea-induced DNA damage in mutant and adapted bacteria. AB - The sensitivities of Escherichia coli K-12 strain AB1157, its uvrA-deficient mutant AB1886, and its recA mutant AB2463 to N,N'-bis(2-chloroethyl)-N nitrosourea, N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-nitrosourea, and N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea have been determined. These data indicate that loss of either uvr excision repair or recA dependent DNA repair greatly increases sensitivity to the haloethylnitrosoureas. At the same time, loss of recA-dependent DNA repair increases sensitivity to N ethyl-N-nitrosourea significantly while loss of uvr excision repair increases sensitivity to this agent only marginally. Adapting the uvrA-deficient and recA deficient mutants by growth in N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine increases survival after exposure to either N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine or N-ethyl N-nitrosourea, but neither adapted strain loses its sensitivity to N,N'-bis(2 chloroethyl)-N-nitrosourea. Taken together, these data indicate that the haloethylnitrosoureas cause other important cytotoxic lesions in DNA in addition to those involving alkylation of the O6 position of guanine and that the uvrA and recA gene products are involved in the repair of these lesions. PMID- 3904984 TI - Prospective validation of a pharmacologically based dosing scheme for the cis diamminedichloroplatinum(II) analogue diamminecyclobutanedicarboxylatoplatinum. AB - We previously correlated both renal function and thrombocytopenia, the dose limiting toxicity of carboplatin, with the plasma pharmacokinetics of carboplatin. From these correlations, we developed equations to calculate carboplatin dosage for any patient based on that patient's creatinine clearance, body surface area, pretreatment platelet count, desired platelet nadir, and status of prior chemotherapy. We prospectively applied these equations in 44 courses of carboplatin given to 24 patients. There were 13 males and 11 females with median age 53 (range, 33-77), median Karnofsky performance status 80 (range, 50-100), and creatinine clearance 32 to 118 ml/min. Ten patients had creatinine clearances less than 60 ml/min. Precision of the equations used for dose calculation was evaluable in 38 courses administered to 23 patients. In 23 courses of carboplatin administered to 12 patients without extensive prior chemotherapy, the observed change in platelets = 1.04 X predicted change -48,000 (r = 0.96). In the 15 courses of carboplatin administered to 11 heavily pretreated patients, the observed change in platelets = 1.13 X predicted change +6,600 (r = 0.97). For the overall combined population, the observed change in platelets = 0.96 X predicted change -7,000 (r = 0.94). These relationships which nearly define the line of identity (observed = expected) validate our initial observations. Only 2 patients developed WBC less than 2,000, but 12 patients developed hematocrit less than or equal to 29% and 8 required RBC transfusions. Fifteen patients had nausea and vomiting greater than or equal to grade 2. There were no other nonhematological toxicities observed. In view of continuing documentation of the antitumor activity of carboplatin, these equations allow safe and rational drug dosing of patients with potentially platinum-responsive tumors but with renal function too poor to receive cisplatin. Among the 9 patients in this study evaluable for response, there was 1 partial response in a patient with malignant melanoma and 1 objective response (less than partial response) in a patient with adenocarcinoma of the cervix. PMID- 3904985 TI - Years with Charles Heidelberger. PMID- 3904987 TI - In vitro systems to study organ and species differences in the metabolic activation of chemical carcinogens. PMID- 3904986 TI - Role of pharmacokinetics and DNA dosimetry in relating in vitro to in vivo actions of N-nitroso compounds. PMID- 3904988 TI - Chemical and biochemical dosimetry of exposure to genotoxic chemicals. PMID- 3904989 TI - Mechanisms involved in multistage skin tumorigenesis. PMID- 3904990 TI - Origin and reversibility of malignancy. PMID- 3904991 TI - Oncogenes and cellular controls in radiogenic transformation of rodent and human cells. PMID- 3904992 TI - Repair and misrepair in radiation-induced neoplastic transformation. PMID- 3904993 TI - Biological basis for assessing carcinogenic risks of low-level radiation. AB - Ionizing radiation is carcinogenic to many, if not most, tissues. Its carcinogenicity varies, however, depending on the tissue exposed, conditions of exposure, genetic background, sex, age of the exposed individual, and other factors. The neoplasms induced by radiation also vary in their types and in their times of onset, depending on the age and sex of the exposed individual. The long induction period for radiation carcinogenesis and the enhancing or inhibiting effects of other agents acting after irradiation imply that the induction of cancer is a multistage process, in keeping with experiments on radiation-induced cell transformation in vitro. The molecular nature of the steps involved in radiation carcinogenesis remains to be fully elucidated, but it is being rapidly explored through advances in somatic cell genetics and molecular biology. The resulting insights will significantly extend epidemiological data in future attempts to estimate the carcinogenic risks of low-level radiation. PMID- 3904994 TI - Relationship of chromosomal alterations to gene expression in carcinogenesis. PMID- 3904995 TI - Mammalian cell mutation and polycyclic hydrocarbon carcinogenesis. PMID- 3904997 TI - Genetics and epigenetics of neoplasia: facts and theories. PMID- 3904996 TI - Estimation of the potencies of chemicals that produce genetic damage. PMID- 3904998 TI - Single-hit versus multi-hit concept of hepatocarcinogenesis. PMID- 3904999 TI - Sulfuric acid esters as ultimate electrophilic and carcinogenic metabolites of some alkenylbenzenes and aromatic amines in mouse liver. PMID- 3905000 TI - Lateral congenital spinal dermal sinus. A new clinical entity. AB - Two children with spinal dermal sinuses of congenital origin are described. They are unusual because the skin dimples were located off the midline at the gluteal region. PMID- 3905001 TI - Characterization of 6-deoxy-D-altritol in the cell-wall polysaccharide of Nocardia asteroides R 399. AB - A polyol, found in the cell-wall of Nocardia asteroides R 399 as a component of a neutral polysaccharide mainly composed of D-arabinose and D-galactose, was identified by mass spectrometry, paper chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, and gas chromatography as 6-deoxy-D-altritol. PMID- 3905002 TI - Lectin binding to oral squamous carcinoma. AB - Ten benign epithelial hyperplasias, ten invasive squamous carcinomas, and one each of verrucous carcinoma and carcinoma in situ of the oral mucosa were examined immunoenzymatically using biotinylated lectins and avidin-biotin peroxidase complex to localize glycoconjugates in the epithelial cells. All of the lectins intercellularly bind to benign and malignant epithelial cells. Also, lectins bind to the cytoplasm of the basal cells and all layers of carcinoma in situ. Verrucous carcinoma shows a similar binding as does the benign epithelial hyperplasia. However, in invasive squamous carcinoma some nests and individual invasive cells show intense cytoplasmic binding and a loss of cell surface binding to lectins, especially with Con A, and may be a marker for invasive potential of squamous carcinoma. PMID- 3905003 TI - Immunocytochemical antigens detection in human breast carcinomas: a light and electron microscopy study using avidin biotin peroxidase and preembedding method. AB - An immunohistochemical study was carried out on a human breast carcinoma series with the aim to delineate the technical approach to distinguish the epithelial cells from stromal nonepithelial cells in the primary tumor and in cultured tumor cells. Frozen sections from 30 unfixed breast carcinomas were incubated with mouse monoclonal antiepithelial cell membrane antibodies and then with a biotinilizated antimouse antibody and the avidin biotin peroxidase complex (ABC). Thick (100 micron) sections from fresh, unfixed tissue were similarly treated prior to the araldite embedding procedure for EM study. In all cases the epithelial tumor cells were immunostained in contrast to nonepithelial stromal cells, particularly the fibroblasts. Because standard light microscopy fails to determine the real nature of the fusiforme cultured cells, it is suggested that these techniques represent a reliable method for mammary epithelial cell identification and may further be applied on cultured tissue. PMID- 3905005 TI - Epoprostenol (PGI2) reduces the incidence of post-reperfusion ventricular fibrillation in the dog. PMID- 3905004 TI - [Myocardial cellular mechanism of action of calcium antagonists]. PMID- 3905006 TI - [The senile heart: a clinical entity or an expression of cardiac "physiologic" aging?]. PMID- 3905007 TI - [Nuclear magnetic resonance. Cardiovascular clinical applications]. PMID- 3905008 TI - Trends in cardiovascular nursing research: 1972-1983. PMID- 3905009 TI - [Cytochemistry of neutral proteases in neutrophils. Localization of protease activity in neutrophils in healthy persons]. PMID- 3905010 TI - [Activity of the Czech Medical Society in 1984]. PMID- 3905012 TI - [History of school health services in Ostrava]. PMID- 3905011 TI - [Experience with transplantation of the pancreas and kidney in diabetics with organ complications]. PMID- 3905013 TI - [40 years in the development of physiology in Czechoslovakia]. PMID- 3905014 TI - Proliferative response of mouse submandibular gland to androgen but not to thyroid hormone. AB - Hormone-induced differentiation and proliferation of cells were investigated in the submandibular gland of castrated female mice, by determining the esteroprotease activity and 3H-thymidine labelling index, respectively. Injections of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (4 micrograms/g body weight/day) or L thyroxine (0.5 microgram/g body weight/day) induced a significant increase in the activity of esteroprotease, which has been shown to be localized in the convoluted tubule cells of the submandibular gland. Injections of the above mentioned dose of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone for 3 days induced a 43-fold increase in the labelling index of the convoluted tubule cells, but injections of the above-mentioned dose of L-thyroxine for any duration did not induce a significant increase in the labelling index. The present result suggests that hormones which induce differentiation of cells in mouse submandibular gland do not necessarily induce cell proliferation. PMID- 3905015 TI - Measurements of left-to-right intracardiac shunting in adults: oximetric versus indicator dilution techniques. AB - Of the various techniques that are available to assess the presence and magnitude of intracardiac shunting, oximetry and indicator dilution are used most frequently. This study was performed to compare these methods in adult patients with pure left-to-right intracardiac shunting. In 27 patients [12 men, 15 women, aged 32 +/- 12 (mean +/- SD) years], shunt magnitude was assessed in close temporal proximity by both techniques. The oximetric percentage left-to-right shunt averaged 55 +/- 16%, whereas the indocyanine green dye percentage shunt was significantly less (36 +/- 14%, p less than 0.001). The oximetric percentage shunt exceeded the indocyanine green dye percentage shunt in 26 and did so by greater than 20% in 23 patients. Thus, there is a substantial difference in shunt magnitude between the oximetric and the indicator dilution techniques. In infants, indicator dilution yields results that are larger than those obtained with the oximetric method. Conversely, in adults, the indicator dilution technique gives results that are consistently smaller than those obtained with oximetry. As a result, the decision regarding therapy of an intracardiac shunt should be made with this in mind. PMID- 3905016 TI - Arteriovenous shunt measured by bolus dye dilution: reproducibility and comparison between two injection sites. AB - Twenty-eight brachial arteriovenous fistulae (AVF) flows were assessed by the Stewart and Hamilton method by bolus dye injection. These measurements were divided in two groups: a first group with dye injection into the AVF artery and a second group with dye injection into the efferent vessel of the AVF in close proximity. The increase and the decrease of dye concentration were regular and the circulation occurred very late in both groups. Reproducibility was assessed by the usual index: the mean of the differences between two successive measurements of each series related to the first of these two and expressed as a percentage, m(Qn - Qn - 1)/Qn%. In the two groups, the reproducibility index was at 10.1%, similar to the index applied to Grimby's results, measuring successive cardiac output by dye bolus injection at 9.8%. Theoretical criteria of validity of the Stewart and Hamilton method were checked for all measurements. Even when the duration of the measurement was very short, arteriovenous flow fulfilled the criteria of validity in the same way as cardiac output. Two AVF flows were measured successively at both injection sites with no difference between the obtained values. The same reproducibility of the efferent vessel injection site group suggests that an arterial puncture is not necessary for a correct assessment of AFV flow. PMID- 3905018 TI - Polarization of cytoplasmic fragments microsurgically detached from mouse fibroblasts. AB - We have studied the polarity of cytoplasm organization in tiny fragments of mouse embryo fibroblasts, produced by the microsurgical separation of long processes of cytochalasin-treated cells. In the cytochalasin-free medium fragments respread and developed small lamellas at one or both of their ends. Granules, visible at phase-contrast optics, were always collected in the central part of the fragment. Lamellas of the fragment, as well as lamellar cytoplasm of parent cells, were able to clear surface receptors patched by concanavalin A and an antibody to concanavalin A. Immunofluorescence microscopy showed that the fragments always contained actin microfilament bundles parallel to the long axis of the fragment, but microtubules were present not more than for 6 hrs after detachment of the fragments from the cell bodies. Fragments detached from the cells treated with colcemid and cytochalasin simultaneously and transferred into the drug-free medium never had any microtubules. In spite of that, their behaviour was similar to the behaviour of the fragments that were produced from the control cells treated only with cytochalasin. These results show that the small fragments of mouse embryo fibroblasts are able to maintain the polar organization of cytoplasm and the microtubules are not responsible for this organization. PMID- 3905017 TI - Gingival grafting with freeze-dried skin. PMID- 3905020 TI - Immunohistochemical distribution of S-100 antigen in the urinary system of man and rat. AB - The immunohistochemical distribution of S-100, a protein originally isolated from the brain, has been investigated at the light and electron microscopic levels in rat and man urinary systems. In both species the antigen essentially exhibited the same location, restricted, with different degrees of staining, to certain cells in the kidney, i.e. collecting tubules, thin limbs of Henle's loop and renal papillae. PMID- 3905019 TI - Rapid intracellular motility and dynamic membrane events in an Antarctic foraminifer. AB - Some properties of cytoplasmic transport in a cold-adapted (Antarctic) organism are reported for the first time. Phase-contrast light microscopy of Astrammina rara, an arenaceous foraminiferan protozoan, reveals that the saltatory transport of cytoplasmic granules in reticulopods occurs bidirectionally and at rates up to 7.5-micron/s. Extracellularly attached latex microspheres are rapidly translocated on the reticulopodial surface, thus demonstrating membrane fluidity at low (-1.8 degrees C) ambient temperatures. Rapid extension/withdrawal and branching/fusing of pseudopodia further illustrate dynamic plasma membrane activity at subzero temperatures. Immunofluorescence microscopy with an antibody monospecific for tubulin shows that these pseudopods contain microtubules. The motility of this cold-adapted foraminifer therefore appears fully comparable to the motility of allogromiid foraminifers from temperate waters. PMID- 3905021 TI - Infection of cryopreserved adult human hepatocytes with Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites. PMID- 3905023 TI - [Chemotherapy of virus diseases]. PMID- 3905022 TI - Interrelation between cellular rRNA content and regulation of the cell cycle of normal and transformed mouse cell lines. AB - The relation between cellular rRNA content, as a measure of cell size, and the regulation of the cell cycle has been investigated for swiss 3T3 and the spontaneously transformed swiss 3T6 cell line. It is shown that the characteristic of percent of quiescent cells stimulated into the cell cycle versus cellular rRNA content is basically different for 3T3 and 3T6 cells: 3T3 cells do not enter the cell cycle below a certain threshold of cellular rRNA content, whereas 3T6 cells start proliferation without a substantial increase of rRNA. These data are interpreted as consistent with transformation of 3T6 cells being in essence their uncoupling from the requirement of normal cells of passing over a threshold of cellular rRNA content (cell size) before initiating DNA replication. PMID- 3905024 TI - [100th anniversary of the birth of Prof. Antonin Precechtel]. PMID- 3905026 TI - [Use of a computer program in the diagnosis of brain tumors]. AB - The FEL-EXPERT was used to improve the diagnosis of brain tumors. Basic structure and decision process of the system were characterized. In a group of 70 testing cases the correct diagnosis was established at the 1st possibility in 83%, as the 1st or 2nd possibility in 91% and as the 1st or 2nd or 3rd possibility in 17%. PMID- 3905025 TI - [Prof. Karel Blaha has died]. PMID- 3905027 TI - [Changes in psychological status after relaxation technics in patients treated at the alcoholism rehabilitation department. Comparison with persons with higher and lower degrees of neuroticism]. PMID- 3905028 TI - [The sources and beginnings of sexology in Czechoslovakia (sexology in Berlin, Vienna and Leningrad around 1930)]. PMID- 3905029 TI - [History of health care during the Slovak National Uprising]. PMID- 3905030 TI - [The beginnings of the Medical School of Comenius University in Bratislava. Professor Frankenberger and the completion of the faculty]. PMID- 3905031 TI - Quantitative relationships between lipophilicity and mutagenic effects of N substituted amides of 3-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-acrylic acid on Salmonella typhimurium. AB - Mutagenic effects of 10 N-alkylamides of 3-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-acrylic acid were assessed in two strains of Salmonella typhimurium TA100 (rfa+ and rfa-). Experimental data were confronted with physiologically based compartment model comprising passive membrane transport, metabolical inactivation in cytoplasm and formation of a reactive intermediate which is responsible for receptor modification. The quantitative dependences observed between mutagenicity and lipophilicity indicate that, in both cases, the drug-receptor interaction takes place in a hydrophobic compartment localized in the cytoplasm. The mutagenic potency of some derivatives was influenced also by stericity. PMID- 3905032 TI - Mutagenicity of nondialyzable melanoidins prepared from carbohydrates and L tryptophan before and after nitrite treatment. PMID- 3905033 TI - An inhibitor of proline endopeptidase: purification from rat brain and characterization. PMID- 3905034 TI - Hydroxynitrobiphenyls produced by photochemical reaction of biphenyl in aqueous nitrate solution and their mutagenicities. PMID- 3905035 TI - Protein A and staphylococcal products in neoplastic disease. AB - Tumoricidal responses and tumor regressions have been observed after plasma perfusion over Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I (SAC), or purified protein A immobilized on solid supports. This system was initially studied in a single human patient and then extended to dogs with spontaneous mammary carcinoma, an excellent model of human breast cancer. In the single patient and dogs with mammary tumors, perfusion of plasma over protein A bearing staphylococcus resulted in tumor necrosis and tumor regression. Tumor reduction or growth retardation with similar perfusion systems has been noted in various feline and rodent tumor models. Tumoricidal responses were also observed in canine tumors after perfusion over commercial protein A which was immobilized in a collodion charcoal matrix (PACC). These responses were amplified when a subtherapeutic and nontoxic dose of cytarabine was given after perfusion. Similar tumor reduction in murine and feline tumor models has been noted after perfusion of autologous serum over protein A immobilized on various other solid supports. The PACC perfusion system was extended to five consecutive patients with advanced breast adenocarcinoma. Four of five patients showed tumor regression after perfusion of small volumes of autologous or homologous plasma over PACC. Patients also experienced pyrexia, nausea, vomiting, and significant cardiopulmonary toxicity. Detailed hemodynamic studies of these effects showed that the major pathophysiology involved a decline in total peripheral resistance associated with an increase in cardiac output. With reduction of immobilized protein A quantity and diminution in plasma perfusion rate, the cardiopulmonary toxicity associated with treatments was diminished. Chemotherapy given as FAC to a single patient shortly after concluding perfusion therapy resulted in rapid regression of residual large tumor masses. Studies focusing on the mechanism of the tumoricidal responses have examined changes in sera after incubation or perfusion over immobilized SAC or PACC. Major findings include (1) the identification of protein A leaching from PACC and SAC after serum perfusion and appearing in the effluent as Clq binding oligomers composed predominantly of IgG and protein A but also containing IgA, IgM and C3 with a molecular weight range of 600,000 to 2,000,000; (2) the identification of C3a anaphylatoxins in serum perfused over PACC or SAC; (3) the recognition that several enterotoxins, in particular enterotoxin B are present in commercial protein A preparation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3905036 TI - Autoimmune hemolysis: a critical review. AB - Autoimmune hemolysis is defined as a shortening of erythrocyte lifespan due to antibodies directed against the individuals own red cells. This autoantibody production (by B lymphocytes) is thought to result from deficient activity of suppressor T lymphocytes. The rate of erythrocyte destruction depends on the properties of the autoantibodies and on the activities of the complement and mononuclear phagocyte systems: anemia results when destruction outweighs marrow production. Autoimmune hemolysis, which may be primary or secondary, is classified into "warm," "cold," and "mixed" types. The hemolysis associated with pregnancy. Donath-Landsteiner antibodies, of mixed type, and in children, is treated in detail. Current treatment is with immunosuppressive drugs, surgery, and plasma exchange, though immunomanipulation may become important in the future; blood transfusion may be a life-saving adjunct to other therapy. PMID- 3905037 TI - In vitro drug testing using hemopoietic cells: goals and limitations. AB - In vitro drug sensitivity is one of many biologic variables which may predict in vivo drug response. Even if in vitro assays provide relevant data, for some tumors, variable levels of stem-cell origin, differentiation, tumor heterogeneity, or self renewal may be more important than cytotoxicity to proliferating cells. Although ANLL has been used here frequently as a model, it may not be the most appropriate tumor for study. Unlike many cancers, in ANLL, primary drug resistance is unusual, and in relapse, secondary drug resistance is usually incomplete. It has been suggested that in vitro drug sensitivity predicts remissions for patients who do not die of infection or remain aplastic during induction therapy. However, for the majority of patients, this argument acknowledges the overriding importance of biologic variables other than in vitro drug cytotoxicity. For rapidly growing tumors, such as Burkitt's lymphoma, rapid emergence of drug resistance related to disease burden may be the most important response determinant. Perhaps in other tumors, in vitro drug sensitivity will be an independent variable of overriding importance. To determine the role of in vitro drug testing, trials examining in vitro drug sensitivity must meet stringent criteria. The assays should use well-defined and reproducible cultures and drug exposures. The trials must be large enough, contain homogenously treated patients, and use carefully defined response and survival endpoints. Decision rules derived from such trials must be further tested by prospective evaluation. Investigators conducting these trials must be prepared to search for important in vitro results reflecting tumor biology and to analyze in vitro drug sensitivity as only one continuous variable determining in vivo responses. Such trials will be difficult to conduct and expensive. In the final analysis, in vitro assays may find their most important roles as preclinical drug screens and models for in vitro drug resistance. Further insights into molecular genetics of malignant transformation and drug resistance may make such assays obsolete, but for the present, they provide important insights into tumor variability and mechanisms of drug response. PMID- 3905038 TI - More retention for the maxillary complete denture. PMID- 3905039 TI - A.D.A. Executive Director, ret. Dr. John M. Coady, an alumnus profile. PMID- 3905040 TI - O6-Methylguanine methyltransferase activity is increased in rat tissues by ionising radiation. AB - The effect of whole body ionising radiation from a linear accelerator on rat tissue O6-methylguanine (O6-meG) methyltransferase (MT) activity has been assessed using an assay which measures the transfer of 3H-radioactivity from 3H methylated substrate DNA to protein. The maximal effect occurred 2 days after a 1 krad dose, at which time activity in liver extracts was increased approximately 5 fold in two different rat strains. Activity in lung and kidney was increased approximately 4- and 2-fold, respectively. Similar degrees of enhancement were found in these three tissues using an h.p.l.c. method for measuring MT activity. The increase in activity was reflected in an increased capacity to repair O6-meG produced in liver DNA by administration of [14C]dimethylnitrosamine (DMN): this effect was dose dependent, being detectable after 30 rads and maximal after 600 rads. Incorporation of labelled breakdown products of the DMN into adenine in DNA increased as the dose radiation increased suggesting an inhibition of DNA synthesis. The implications of these results for the mechanism of enhancing O6 meG repair are discussed. PMID- 3905041 TI - A comparative study on mutagenesis of methylbenzylnitrosamine in V79 cells co cultivated with liver or esophageal epithelial cells from chickens, rats and humans. AB - Cell-mediated activation of methylbenzylnitrosamine (MBN) to mutagenic metabolites was detected by the induction of forward gene mutation and sister chromatid exchange (SCE) in V79 cells co-cultivated with hepatocytes or esophageal epithelial cells from humans, rats or chickens. In the rat and chicken hepatocyte-mediated mutagenesis, a significant increase in SCE and 6-thioguanine resistant (6-TGr) mutants was noted in V79 cells exposed to MBN. The induction of 6-TGr mutant was also noted in V79 cells co-cultivated with human fetal hepatocytes, but the increase in SCE was trivial. In the assay of rat esophageal epithelial cell-mediated mutagenesis, MBN could be activated significantly to mutagenic metabolites to induce SCE and 6-TGr mutants in V79 cells, but this nitrosamine did not show any mutagenic action on V79 cells co-cultivated with chicken esophageal cells. No esophageal carcinoma was found in 26 Leghorn cocks treated with MBN for as long as 975 days, the largest total dose being 1674.86 mg. The experimental results show that chicken esophagus is probably not susceptible to the carcinogenic action of common volatile nitrosamines. At the present time, there is no evidence to indicate that the development of pharyngo esophageal carcinoma in Linxian chickens was due to the volatile nitrosamines that occurred in the local foods. The human esophageal epithelial cells showed a certain ability to activate MBN to metabolites mutagenic to V79 cells, but this ability was much lower with human esophageal cell activation than with rat cells. Further studies are required to elucidate the importance of nitrosamines in the etiology of human esophageal carcinoma in the high-incidence areas. PMID- 3905042 TI - In vivo effects of N-acetylcysteine on glutathione metabolism and on the biotransformation of carcinogenic and/or mutagenic compounds. AB - N-acetylcysteine (NAC) was administered to rats in various combinations with an enzyme inducer (Aroclor 1254) and with depletors of reduced glutathione (GSH), i.e., diethyl maleate (DEM) and buthionine sulfoximine (BSO). NAC increased intracellular glutathione levels in erythrocytes and in liver and lung cells, and replenished its stores following depletion. It did not affect the concentrations nor the spectral properties of cytochromes P-450 in hepatic and pulmonary microsomes, whereas it stimulated, especially in Aroclor-pre-treated animals, cytosolic enzyme activities involved in NADP reduction (glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase), in glutathione reduction (GSSG-reductase) and in the reductive detoxication of xenobiotics by-passing formation of reactive oxygen species (DT-diaphorase). In vivo treatment with the drug enhanced detoxication by liver and lung S-12 fractions of direct-acting mutagens (ICR 191, epichlorohydrin, 4-nitroquinolino-N-oxide and dichromate) and counteracted opposite effects triggered by administration of GSH depletors. The metabolic activation of procarcinogens (aflatoxin B1, 2-aminofluorene, cyclophosphamide, benzo[a]pyrene, a tryptophan pyrolysate product and cigarette smoke condensate) was inhibited by NAC in uninduced rats, while it was further stimulated in Aroclor-pre-treated animals. Additional assays, performed also with other enzyme inducers (phenobarbital and 3-methylcholanthrene) suggested that the effect of NAC on the metabolic activation of procarcinogens depends on the balance between an increased production of mutagenic metabolites (prevailing in induced animals) and their binding by intracellular thiols (prevailing under normal conditions). Thus, due to its dual role as a nucleophile and as a SH donor, NAC appears to exert protective effects by modulating glutathione metabolism and the biotransformation of mutagenic/carcinogenic compounds. This may have clinical relevance, since NAC is administered to individuals, such as cigarette smokers, who are more heavily exposed to GSH depletors and to carcinogenic agents. PMID- 3905043 TI - Chemical impurity as the possible cause of nitrofen mutagenicity. AB - The results of Salmonella mutagenicity tests with the herbicide nitrofen (2,4 dichlorophenyl-4-nitrophenyl ether, CAS 1836-75-5) reported in the literature seem to vary according to source or lot of the technical product. This behaviour could be reproduced in our experiments, and it could be traced to the varying content of bis(4-nitrophenyl) ether in nitrofen. Nitrofen samples with the highest bis(4-nitrophenyl) ether concentrations proved to exhibit also the highest mutagenic activities, while the one containing no bis(4-nitrophenyl) ether was also devoid of mutagenic activity towards Salmonella typhimurium TA 100. PMID- 3905044 TI - Distribution and regulation of blood flow in the fetal and neonatal lamb. PMID- 3905045 TI - Bovine and human endothelial cell production of neutrophil chemoattractant activity in response to components of the angiotensin system. AB - Although there is growing evidence that angiotensin II affects macrophage mediated inflammatory responses, it is unclear whether it can affect neutrophil mediated inflammatory responses. Because vascular endothelial cells are capable of releasing neutrophil chemoattractant activity, we attempted to determine whether components of the angiotensin system could affect neutrophil-mediated responses indirectly by stimulating endothelial cells to release neutrophil chemoattractant substances. Cultured bovine and human endothelial cells incubated with angiotensin II released neutrophil chemoattractant activity. This activity appeared within 1 minute of exposure to angiotensin II, and was blocked by saralasin, an angiotensin II antagonist. Angiotensin I also caused release of neutrophil chemoattractant activity, but its effect required conversion to angiotensin II. Bradykinin, another substrate for angiotensin-converting enzyme, did not stimulate appearance of chemoattractant. Chemoattractant generation was not inhibited by indomethacin but was blocked by diethylcarbamazine and 5,8,11,14 eicosatetraynoic acid. This study demonstrates that angiotensin II may influence neutrophil accumulation, via production of neutrophil chemoattractant activity by vascular endothelial cells. PMID- 3905046 TI - Has 'obstruction' hindered our understanding of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy? AB - HCM is a disorder associated with significant morbidity and mortality and a propensity to cause sudden, often unexpected death. The similarity to the symptom complex of aortic stenosis and the presence of a pressure gradient justified the initial assumption that obstruction was of prime importance in HCM and that relief of obstruction was the focal point of rational therapy. However, it is our belief that the dogma of obstruction has impeded progress in and obscured the understanding of HCM and interpretation of its manifestations. The purpose of this article is to call attention to significant discrepancies in the obstructive concept that have been reinforced as new techniques emerged that have allowed further study of the disease. Since neither the presence of a gradient nor SAM can be justifiably equated with the presence of an obstruction, it is proposed that the appellation "obstruction" be reserved for those cases in which the rate of outflow or the rate or degree of ventricular emptying are demonstrably impeded, as in aortic stenosis. Therapy with beta-adrenergic-receptor and calcium channel-blocking agents have shown promise for alleviating symptoms and possibly prolonging life without systematically or predictably affecting the pressure gradient, probably because of their beneficial effects on ventricular relaxation and diastolic filling. Antiarrhythmic therapy has been effective in reducing mortality. Ideally, prevention or regression of the pathologic hypertrophy should be the major focus of future therapeutic interventions in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. PMID- 3905047 TI - The human pharmacology of platelet inhibition: pharmacokinetics relevant to drug action. PMID- 3905048 TI - The biochemical pharmacology of thromboxane synthase inhibition in man. AB - Selective inhibitors of thromboxane synthase have two theoretical advantages over inhibitors of the cyclooxygenase enzyme as potential antithrombotic compounds. First, they do not prevent formation of prostacyclin, a platelet-inhibitory, vasodilator compound, coincident with inhibiting thromboxane biosynthesis. Second, the prostaglandin endoperoxide substrate that accumulates in the platelet in the presence of thromboxane synthase inhibition may be donated to endothelial prostacyclin synthase at the site of platelet-vascular interactions (endoperoxide "steal"). Selective inhibition of thromboxane biosynthesis coincident with enhanced prostacyclin formation in vivo has been observed after administration of these compounds to man. Despite these attractive features and the efficacy of these compounds in diverse short-term animal preparations of thrombosis, investigations of their efficacy in human disease have proven disappointing. This may reflect on the importance of thromboxane A2 in the diseases that have been investigated. Alternatively, the lack of drug efficacy may have resulted from either incomplete suppression of thromboxane biosynthesis and/or substitution for the biological effects of thromboxane A2 by prostaglandin endoperoxides during long-term dosing studies. Given that selective inhibition of thromboxane formation can be approached with aspirin, the particular value of these compounds is dependent on enhancing prostacyclin formation. Aspirin inhibits thromboxane dependent platelet activation, but many platelet agonists are likely to act in concert in vivo and prostacyclin inhibits platelet aggregation induced by both thromboxane-dependent and thromboxane-independent mechanisms. To test the hypothesis that thromboxane synthase inhibitors are efficacious in human disease, compounds of longer duration of action are required. Combination with antagonists of the prostaglandin/thromboxane A2 receptor may be necessary to reveal their full beneficial action. PMID- 3905049 TI - Platelet actions of stable carbocyclic analogues of prostacyclin. PMID- 3905050 TI - Coronary artery surgery study (CASS): a randomized trial of coronary bypass surgery. Eight years follow-up and survival in patients with reduced ejection fraction. AB - Survival data after 8 years of follow-up for all patients and after 7 years for certain subgroups are reported from CASS, a randomized trial of surgical or medical treatment assignment in patients with coronary artery disease who have less than severe angina or are asymptomatic after myocardial infarction. After 8 years, survival curves are not significantly different between medical and surgical groups; 87% of patients assigned to surgical and 84% of those assigned to medical treatment are alive. A significant advantage favoring surgical assignment was observed in patients with three-vessel disease and reduced ejection fractions (less than 0.5. but greater than 0.35); after 7 years of follow-up, 88% of the patients in the surgical group and 65% of those in the medical group are alive (p = .009). Survival curves for patients with normal resting ejection fractions are identical after 7 years. We conclude that the CASS trial reveals a significant advantage favoring surgical therapy in patients with three-vessel disease and impaired ventricular function who are randomly assigned to treatment. PMID- 3905051 TI - Design and study similarities and contrasts: the Veterans Administration, European, and CASS randomized trials of coronary artery bypass graft surgery. AB - There are three large randomized trials of early elective coronary artery bypass graft surgery vs early medical therapy in selected patients with stable angina pectoris: the Veterans Administration Study (or VA Study) with enrollment in 1972 to 1974, the European Coronary Surgery Study Group (or European Study) with enrollment in 1973 to 1976 and the Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS) with enrollment in 1975 to 1979. Design and other similarities and contrasts for the three trials are presented. For example if 50% luminal diameter narrowing is used to define a significantly diseased vessel and patients with left main coronary artery disease are eliminated from the VA and European studies, the percentages of patients with one-, two-, and three-vessel disease are: VA 16%, 34%, and 50%; European 0%, 43%, and 57%; CASS 19%, 31%, and 51%. The VA and European studies enrolled patients with NYHA anginal classes I through IV, whereas CASS enrolled patients with Canadian Heart Association classes I and II, as well as patients asymptomatic for chest pain after a myocardial infarction. Other study features of note include the differing geographic locations and time of enrollment. In the VA Study, surgery was performed within 2 months on 94% of those randomly assigned to surgery; the mean time to surgery (of those not crossing over to medicine) in CASS was 54 days; and the European Study had a mean delay of 3.9 months. The characteristics of the clinics, socioeconomic environments, and medical care and referral systems may be important to interpreting results, although they were not clearly specified.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3905052 TI - The effect of clinical characteristics on the comparison of medical and surgical therapy in the Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS) and the Veterans Administration Cooperative trial. AB - The CASS randomized trial was compared with the Veterans Administration (VA) randomized study of coronary bypass surgery with respect to the influence of clinical characteristics on the comparison of medical and surgical therapy. With regard to clinical baseline characteristics, the CASS population was overall at lower risk than the VA population. Average percent survival for years 1 through 6 were greater in the CASS than in the VA study for patients in both the medical and surgical groups. In the VA population, a multivariate risk index was developed with the use of presence or absence of New York Heart Association functional class III or IV, history of hypertension, history of myocardial infarction, and ST depression on the resting electrocardiogram. Low-, middle-, and high-risk terciles in the VA study population were determined based on this index. In the low-risk tercile, VA patients treated medically had a greater percent survival at 6 years than those treated surgically. In the high-risk tercile, VA patients treated surgically had markedly improved survival compared with those treated medically. These results were not replicated by the CASS study. In CASS, there were no significant differences between patients assigned to medical and surgical treatment within the terciles. Other noninvasive risk indexes were explored in CASS, but no subgroups defined solely by clinical features could be found wherein patients assigned to medical and surgical therapy were significantly different. Basic differences in the populations sampled are the most probable reason for the different results in the CASS and VA trials. PMID- 3905053 TI - A perspective on the three large multicenter randomized clinical trials of coronary bypass surgery for chronic stable angina. AB - Myocardial ischemia is an important determinant of survival in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and it may be silent. Coronary bypass surgery (CBS) is more effective than medical treatment in the relief of myocardial ischemia, anginal pain, and of events that are related to myocardial ischemia such as episodes of angina and left ventricular dysfunction caused by ischemia. Patients with chronic, stable angina assigned to CBS have an improved survival if they have left main CAD, three-vessel CAD with normal or impaired left ventricular function, proximal left anterior descending CAD that is part of two-vessel CAD, or two- or 3-vessel CAD with a positive exercise test for ischemia. In other respects, patients assigned to medical therapy fare as well as or better than those assigned to surgical therapy. Many issues that cause concern with regard to the randomized trials were considered in detail. The greatest problems are biostatistical tenets, small numbers of patients randomized in many of the subgroups, physician bias before and after randomization, crossovers, and inappropriate conclusions and unjustified extrapolations of the results. Timely, detailed, and comprehensive publication of the methods and results of these clinical trials is necessary. Meticulous, detailed, and critical reading of all of the published data is urged. PMID- 3905054 TI - Unstable angina: status of aspirin and other forms of therapy. AB - A randomized, double-blind clinical trial in 1266 men with unstable angina showed that 324 mg of aspirin daily for 12 weeks reduced the incidence of myocardial infarction by 51% (p = .001), and the data suggested a similar reduction in mortality. The only other therapy for unstable angina that has been studied in randomized trials of adequate size to evaluate mortality and rate of infarction is aortocoronary bypass surgery. Results with heparin therapy have been encouraging, but the studies in which this drug has been tested have been flawed. Nitrates, beta-blockers, calcium blockers, fibrinolytic therapy, and coronary angioplasty have not been adequately evaluated. Randomized trials of aortocoronary bypass surgery have not demonstrated decreased mortality or rates of myocardial infarction in patients with unstable angina. Although surgical techniques have improved since these trials were conducted, medical management has also improved. Mortality and infarct rate in patients with unstable angina are now lower than in the early 1970s. New well-controlled clinical trials are needed. PMID- 3905055 TI - Indications for coronary artery bypass surgery in patients with chronic angina pectoris: implications of the multicenter randomized trials. AB - The three major randomized studies of medical vs surgical therapy in patients with coronary artery disease have had a major impact in the management of patients with this disease. For the most part, these multicenter trials have provided concordant information regarding the influence of surgery on survival in asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic patients. It has been demonstrated that coronary artery bypass surgery improves survival in patients with stenosis of the left main coronary artery. Bypass surgery probably should be performed in most patients with this lesion, although studies have identified low-risk subgroups in whom surgery may not improve survival. There are also concordant data that survival is not enhanced by surgery in mildly symptomatic patients with either one- or two-vessel disease. The important discrepancies regarding the role of surgery in three-vessel disease have been resolved to a major extent. Long-term follow-up studies in the Veterans Administration Cooperative Study and the Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS) demonstrate improved survival with surgical management in patients with three-vessel disease and left ventricular dysfunction. The remaining controversy regards management of patients with three vessel disease and normal left ventricular function; this may be resolved by studies indicating that inducible left ventricular ischemia in patients with three-vessel disease and preserved left ventricular function at rest identifies patients at higher risk during medical management. Different proportions of such patients entered into the multicenter studies may explain the discordant results in three-vessel disease and normal left ventricular function reported by the European trial and CASS.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3905056 TI - Selection of patients for coronary arteriography. AB - This is a review of relative indications and contraindications for the selection of patients for coronary arteriography. Patients with angina pectoris at rest ("unstable" angina pectoris) and after low levels of effort despite a good medical regimen, those with chest pain that cannot be distinguished from angina pectoris at low or moderate levels of effort with or without abnormal 201Tl perfusion scans or radionuclide ventriculograms during stress, and those with suspected significant left main coronary arterial stenosis based on exercise testing should undergo coronary arteriography. In addition, coronary arteriography is usually an important part of the clinical evaluation of the patient with unexplained and clinically important congestive heart failure, recent myocardial infarction treated with thrombolytic therapy, a mechanical complication of myocardial infarction requiring cardiac surgery, including a large ventricular septal defect, hemodynamically important mitral insufficiency, or a large ventricular aneurysm leading to heart failure, hemodynamically important valvular, subvalvular, or supravalvular heart disease in whom corrective surgery is contemplated, suspected anomalous origin or communication of a major coronary artery, and sudden death syndrome unrelated to acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 3905057 TI - Exercise testing in the Coronary Artery Surgery Study randomized population. AB - Exercise electrocardiographic stress testing was performed in 81% of the 780 patients randomized in the Coronary Artery Surgery Study at entry. The cumulative survival at the end of 7 year follow-up was 90% for those assigned to surgical treatment and 88% for those assigned to medical therapy (p = NS). These survival rates did not differ significantly from either those of the entire randomized cohort or those of the 149 patients who did not have a qualifying exercise test at baseline. No differences in important baseline characteristics existed between those who were exercised and not exercised at entry. Stratification of patients according to the degree of ST segment depression (less than 1 mm, greater than or equal to 1 mm, greater than 2 mm) and final exercise stage achieved during a Bruce protocol treadmill test (final stage less than or equal to 1, stage 2 and greater than or equal to stage 3) failed to show any significant differences in 7 year survival rates between medically and surgically assigned patients. Additionally no differences in survival were noted within either the medical or surgical groups regardless of the degree of ST segment depression or the final stage achieved. The presence of exercise-induced angina, however, identified patients who had a survival advantage if assigned to surgical therapy, with a 7 year survival rate of 94% compared with 87% for medically assigned patients (p = .007).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3905058 TI - Reoperation for coronary artery disease. AB - Repeat coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) accounts for approximately 5% of all myocardial revascularization procedures in the United States annually; it is estimated that nearly 7000 reoperations will be performed in 1984. Angiographic indications for repeat CABG include primary bypass graft obstruction, progressive coronary arteriosclerosis, and combined graft failure and new coronary artery disease. Saphenous vein obstruction secondary to arteriosclerosis occurs in more than half the bypass grafts at 10 years after CABG. Successful aortocoronary reoperation is dependent on careful attention to special surgical technical considerations such as chest reentry, cardiopulmonary bypass management and myocardial preservation, primary graft handling and identification of the target coronary vessel, choice of available bypass conduits, completeness of revascularization, and hemostasis and blood conservation. Operative mortality for repeat CABG is approximately twice that for an initial aortocoronary bypass procedure. Overall operative morbidity is not significantly different for primary and subsequent myocardial revascularization. Five-year survival after repeat aortocoronary surgery is approximately 90% and compares favorably with survival rates after initial CABG. However, symptomatic relief of angina pectoris is not as effective after a repeat myocardial revascularization as it was after the first CABG; only half the patients are angina-free 5 years after reoperation. As with primary revascularization, long-term graft patency rates after coronary reoperation are superior for the internal artery as compared with the saphenous vein. PMID- 3905059 TI - Aortocoronary artery vein-graft disease: experimental and clinical approach for the understanding of the role of platelets and platelet inhibitors. AB - On the basis of our recent experimental studies in dogs and pigs and a prospective clinical study in 407 patients, we describe four consecutive phases of aortocoronary artery bypass vein-graft disease. We focus on the role of platelets in its pathogenesis and of platelet inhibitor drugs in its prevention: (1) an early postoperative phase of platelet thrombotic occlusion, which is significantly prevented by platelet inhibitor therapy when started in the perioperative period; (2) an intermediate phase of platelet-related intimal hyperplasia, within the first postoperative year, which is not prevented with platelet inhibitor therapy; (3) a late phase of occlusion, towards the end of the first postoperative year, in which intimal hyperplasia or complicating platelet thrombi superimposed on the intimal hyperplasia may contribute to occlusion- platelet inhibitor therapy is of significant benefit in the prevention of the thrombotic type of occlusion; (4) a phase of atherosclerotic disease, after the first postoperative year, in which the role of platelets and of platelet inhibitor therapy is under investigation. Vein graft disease and occlusion rates vary widely according to time after operation and risk factors of occlusion. Currently, it appears that occlusion rates are decreasing, perhaps related to better surgical and technical experience. PMID- 3905060 TI - Long-term fate of bypass grafts: the Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS) and Montreal Heart Institute experiences. AB - Both the Veterans Administration Cooperative Study and the European Coronary Surgery Study have provided only brief accounts of graft patency rates in their surgically treated patients. In the Veterans Administration Cooperative Study, at an average of 1 year after operation, 69% of the grafts were patent among 208 patients; 88% of patients had at least one patent graft, and 58% had all grafts patent. In the European Coronary Surgery Study, angiographic examination of the grafts was performed within 9 months of operation in 84 patients, and showed a patency rate of 90%; in 223 patients, the examination was performed at between 9 and 18 months, and showed a 77% patency rate. In the Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS), graft patency rates were evaluated within 60 days of operation in 129 patients, a median of 18 months after operation in 121 patients, and a median of 5 years after operation in 197 patients. Cumulative vein graft patency (per distal anastomosis) was 90% early, 82% at 18 months, and 82% at 5 years. At least one graft anastomosis was patent early in 97% of patients, at 18 months in 96% of patients, and at 5 years in 97% of patients; all graft anastomoses were patent early in 81% of patients, at 18 months in 70% of patients, and at 5 years in 67% of patients. The incidence of vein graft stenosis of 50% or more was 10% at 18 months and 8% at 5 years after operation. The excellent results reported in CASS were associated with marked improvement in quality of life and excellent survival 5 years after operation in surgically treated patients, as previously reported.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3905061 TI - The 5 year effect of bypass surgery on relief of angina and exercise performance. AB - The 5 year effect of medical vs surgical treatment on symptoms and exercise performance was evaluated in patients with stable angina who entered the Veterans Administration Cooperative Study from 1972 to 1974. Severity of angina was evaluated by a physician-administered angina questionnaire and physical working capacity was assessed by exercise testing. Angina was substantially relieved in surgical patients at 1 year, with 78% having mild or no angina compared with only 28% at entry. The corresponding rates in medical patients showed little change: 38% at 1 year and 32% at entry. At 5 years the percentage of surgical patients with mild or absent angina decreased from the 1 year rate of 78% to 64%, whereas the medical group exhibited a small increase from 38% to 49%. Similar results were obtained by evaluating changes in angina compared to entry. At 1 year 49% of surgical patients were markedly improved compared with only 12% of medical patients. At 5 years the percentage of surgical patients who remained markedly improved decreased to 41%, whereas the medical group with marked improvement increased slightly from 12% at 1 year to 17% at 5 years. Medication requirements were markedly reduced in surgical patients with only a slight increase in medical patients. Exclusion of nonadherers from the analysis did not change the results. Exercise testing revealed comparable changes in physical performance. At 1 year surgical patients had fewer tests stopped by angina compared with medical patients (28% vs 64%), a higher estimated oxygen consumption (26 vs 21 ml/kg/min) and treadmill exercise duration (7.3 vs 4.9 min). Other measures of exercise performance were comparably improved.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3905062 TI - Long-term mortality and morbidity results of the Veterans Administration randomized trial of coronary artery bypass surgery. AB - The long-term effect of coronary artery bypass grafting on mortality and the incidence of nonfatal myocardial infarction was evaluated in 686 patients in the randomized Veterans Administration study of medical vs surgical treatment for stable angina. Average follow-up was 11.2 years. The 11 year cumulative mortality rates for all patients and for the 595 patients without left main diseases were not significantly different in the two treatment groups. The 7 year mortality rates were 30% in medically assigned and 23% in surgically assigned patients (p = .043) and the 11 year rates were 43% and 42% (p = .45), respectively. The rates in patients without left main disease were 28% for medical and 23% for surgical treatment policy at 7 years (p = .267) and rose to 42% in both groups at 11 years (p = .813). A statistically significant reduction in mortality with surgical policy was found both at 7 and 11 years in high-risk patients without left main disease who had multiple clinical or angiographic risk factors or both. In the subgroup with angiographic high risk, the 7 year mortality rates were 48% in medically assigned and 24% in surgically assigned patients (p = .002); the 11 year rates were 62% and 50%, respectively (p = .026). Corresponding rates in the clinically defined high-risk group were 48% vs 28% (p = .003) at 7 years and 64% vs 51% (p = .015) at 11 years for medical vs surgical policy, respectively. For the subgroup of patients with combined angiographic and clinical high risk, the 7 year mortality rates were 64% for medical and 24% for surgical policy (p = .002); the 11 year rates were 76% and 46%, respectively (p = .005).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3905063 TI - Radionuclide methods of identifying patients who may require coronary artery bypass surgery. AB - Myocardial thallium-201 (201Tl) scintigraphy or radionuclide angiography performed in conjunction with exercise stress testing can provide clinically useful information regarding the functional significance of underlying coronary artery stenoses in patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease. Knowledge of type, location, and extent of myocardial 201Tl perfusion abnormalities or the severity of exercise-induced global and regional dysfunction has prognostic value. Risk stratification can be undertaken with either radionuclide technique by consideration of the magnitude of the ischemic response and may assist in the selection of patients for coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG). In patients with coronary artery disease, delayed 201Tl redistribution observed on exercise or dipyridamole 201Tl scintigraphy, particularly when present in multiple vascular regions and associated with increased lung 201Tl uptake, has been shown to be predictive of an adverse outcome, whereas patients with chest pain and a normal exercise 201Tl scintigram have a good prognosis with medical treatment. Similarly, a marked fall in the radionuclide ejection fraction from rest to exercise has been found to correlate with high-risk anatomic disease. In one published nonrandomized study, patients with coronary artery disease who demonstrated an abnormal ejection fraction response to exercise preoperatively had a better survival with CABG than with medical therapy. Another important application of radionuclide imaging in patients being considered for CABG (particularly those with a depressed resting left ventricular ejection fraction) is the determination of myocardial viability and potential for improved blood flow and enhanced regional function after revascularization. There are certain limitations of exercise 201Tl scintigraphy and radionuclide angiography that can be reduced by improved methods of quantitation of perfusion and function and further development of tomographic imaging approaches. PMID- 3905064 TI - Survival, myocardial infarction, and employment status in a prospective randomized study of coronary bypass surgery. AB - This report from the European Prospective Randomised Study presents 8 year results on survival and 5 year results on myocardial infarction and employment status. The 768 recruited patients were all men under age 65 with mild or moderate angina, 50% or greater stenosis in at least two major coronary arteries, and a left ventricular ejection fraction of 50% or greater. One "surgical" patient was lost to follow-up immediately after randomization and is therefore excluded from the statistical analysis. Thus 394 patients allocated to surgery were compared with 373 patients allocated to medical treatment, regardless of what subsequently happened to the patients. The policy of early surgery improved survival significantly compared with the conventional medical treatment policy in the total population (89% to 80%, respectively; p = .0013) and in the subgroup with three-vessel disease (92% and 77%, respectively; p = .00015). Reclassification of vessel disease by greater than 75% instead of 50% or greater stenosis as the criterion was undertaken to facilitate comparison of these results with those of other studies, which apply 70% or greater stenosis as the criterion of significant disease. Of the 767 patients, a cohort of 711 were identified as having greater than 75% obstruction in one, two, or three vessels. A significant improvement in survival with surgery was found in the total cohort (89% and 80%, respectively; p = .0022), the subgroup with three-vessel disease (91% and 73%, respectively; p = .0044), and that with two-vessel disease in which one of the diseased vessels was the proximal segment of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) (90% and 79%, respectively; p = .013). There was no significant difference in survival between the two treatments in patients with one-vessel disease and those with two-vessel disease without proximal LAD stenosis. Four noninvasive prognostic variables were independently predictive of the effect of surgery: resting electrocardiogram (in 767 patients), ST segment response to exercise (in 656), history and physical signs of peripheral arterial disease (in 722), and age (in 767). A reduction in cardiac deaths was entirely responsible for the improved survival with surgery. The incidence of myocardial infarction in the medical group (11%) was not significantly different from that in the surgical group (15%). Repeat angiography in 71 patients showed 6% graft closure between 1 and 5 years of follow-up. Surgery did not influence the gradually increasing annual rate of retirement from work. PMID- 3905065 TI - Monoclonal antibody-based solid-phase immunoenzymometric assays for quantifying human immunoglobulin G and its subclasses in serum. AB - We developed quantitative immunoenzymometric assays for human IgG and its subclasses by using monoclonal antibodies, an avidin-biotin detection system and, as the calibrant, the U.S. National Reference Preparation for Specific Human Proteins. The assays are sensitive (detecting as little as 6 micrograms/L), precise (average inter-assay CV less than 11%), and vary linearly with concentrations over a five- to 10-fold range, depending on the monoclonal antibody. We evaluated 22 different monoclonal antibodies, many of which remained highly reactive when immobilized in wells of microtiter plates coated with bovine serum albumin-glutaraldehyde to "capture" total IgG or subclasses of IgG in the sample. We demonstrated the specificity of the most reactive antibodies by using a panel of 20 purified myeloma proteins. The sum of IgG subclass concentrations correlated well (r = 0.84, p less than 0.001) with the total IgG measured in sera from 63 apparently healthy adults (26 men, 37 women). We estimated 95 percentile reference intervals for the immunoglobulins in these subjects and determined the following mean percentage distributions of IgG subclasses: IgG1 49, IgG2 33, IgG3 9, and IgG4 7. The availability of these assays should facilitate studies of the clinical significance of the subclasses. PMID- 3905066 TI - Amplified flow-cytometric separation-free fluorescence immunoassays. AB - An equilibrium-type competitive-binding fluorescence immunoassay with high sensitivity and excellent precision is described that obviates separation of free from bound label. In the assay relatively large (10 microns diameter) antibody coated non-fluorescent particles and very small (0.10 micron diameter) antigen coated fluorescent latex particles are used. Soluble nonlabeled antigen competes with antigen on the microspheres for antibody binding sites on the larger spheres. After equilibrium is attained, the fluorescence distribution of 5000 of the large spheres is measured in a flow cytometer. The mean values for the fluorescence distribution obtained from samples containing known concentrations of soluble antigen are used to construct a standard displacement curve. In a prototype assay for the antigen horseradish peroxidase, a sensitivity of 10(-12) mol/L has been achieved. Undiluted serum can be assayed without loss of sensitivity. Preliminary experiments also indicate that double-antibody "sandwich"-type assays of very high sensitivity (10(-14) mol/L) are also possible when this dual-sphere concept is exploited. PMID- 3905067 TI - Modified direct enzymoimmunoassay for salivary progesterone. PMID- 3905068 TI - Any place for antenatal diagnosis in the third trimester of pregnancy? AB - The need for a means of antenatal diagnosis of chromosomal abnormalities in the last trimester of pregnancy to avoid unnecessary intervention for the sake of the fetus is illustrated by a case in which polyhydramnios and suspected fetal hydrocephalus were found by ultrasound at 36 weeks gestation. The mother decided against early caesarian section for possible neurosurgery for the fetus. Later, she delivered vaginally of a baby with multiple abnormalities and trisomy 18. PMID- 3905069 TI - Serum aldosterone and plasma renin activity in normal and toxaemic pregnancies. AB - The present study was performed to examine serum aldosterone and plasma renin activity variations in normal and toxaemic pregnancy. Blood samples were collected by 166 normal pregnant women and 196 toxaemic women. Results don't show important differences between normal and toxaemic pregnancies concerning either serum aldosterone or plasma renin activity. PMID- 3905070 TI - Cefoxitin single dose prophylaxis and/or T tube suction drainage for vaginal and abdominal hysterectomy (Prospective randomized trial on 155 patients). AB - Pelvic infections represent the most feared complications associated with vaginal and abdominal hysterectomy. In the present paper we show result of a prospective randomized clinical trial carried out to study different morbidities (F.M. febrile morbidity, U.T.I. urinary tract infections, P.C. pelvic cellulitis, P.A. pelvic abscess, W.I. wound infection) in a sample of 155 patients undergoing vaginal or abdominal hysterectomy for non malignant disease, divided into three groups. group C, treated with 2 g cefoxitin i.v. in the preoperative period; group C+T, the same treatment with the addition of T tube suction drainage; group T, with only the T tube suction drainage. A statistical analysis of the sample showed the homogeneity of each group, while the study of the morbidities showed a statistical significant difference for W.I. between the groups treated with antibiotic and the T group (p less than .001). For all the other morbidities, no statistically significant differences were found between the groups, demonstrating that all three methods are considerably efficient in reducing postoperative morbidity in hysterectomy. PMID- 3905071 TI - Diagnostic integrated program in breast pathology: clinical experiences. AB - 1068 patients were examined using a unified diagnostic protocol. 618 patients at high risk were screened out, and underwent further instrumental and surgical investigation. 17 cases of breast cancer were detected, while the remaining patients were addressed to an appropriate, highly reliable and repeatable follow up for breast care. PMID- 3905072 TI - Sonographic picture of submembranous haematoma. AB - Two cases of vaginal bleeding during pregnancy where elevation of the membranes was found by means of echography are reported. In one case there was an accessory lobe with a marginal haematoma. No evidence of placenta praevia was found. Elevation of the membranes can represent an echographic sign of submembranous haematoma. PMID- 3905073 TI - Chronic renal failure. Lessons from the past and for the future. PMID- 3905075 TI - A highly sensitive colorimetric sandwich-enzyme immunoassay for human chorionic gonadotropin using specific antibodies against the carboxy-terminal portion of the beta-subunit. PMID- 3905074 TI - The generation of lysolecithin by enterokinase in trypsinogen prophospholipase A2 lecithin mixtures, and its relevance to the pathogenesis of acute necrotising pancreatitis. AB - The cascade enterokinase-trypsinogen-prophospholipase A2 lecithin, generating trypsin, phospholipase A2 and lysolecithin, respectively, was studied in vitro using a novel phospholipase A2 assay. The rate of enterokinase catalysed activation of trypsinogen was maximal at 4 mmol/1 glycodeoxycholic acid; higher concentrations of bile salt progressively inhibited enterokinase activity. Net phospholipase A2 activity in reaction mixtures was critically dependent on the trypsin/prophospholipase A2 molar ratio. Lecithin hydrolysis by phospholipase A2 was dependent on the bile salt/lecithin molar ratio and was optimal at 1.25 to 1. The addition of enterokinase to lecithin and bile salt mixtures, containing trypsinogen and prophospholipase A2 at presumed pathophysiological concentrations, resulted in the generation of concentrations of lysolecithin lytic for pancreatic acinar cells within 5 min. These findings would support the concept that the entry of bile containing active enterokinase into the pancreatic duct system in vivo may in some cases be involved in the initiation of necrotising acute pancreatitis in man. PMID- 3905076 TI - A simple method for rheumatoid factor quantitation by laser nephelometry. PMID- 3905077 TI - Rapid method for measuring physiological concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in blood serum. AB - A new single-step Extrelut column procedure for obtaining the 25-hydroxyvitamin D extract, suitable for a direct radiocompetitive test, is described. Separation of 0.1 ml of serum, on a small Extrelut column and radioassay allows a rapid, sensitive and accurate determination of 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration. The detection limit of the determination was 2 nmol/l (0.8 microgram/l) of serum. The recovery of 250HD3 added to serum was 99-108%. Intra-assay and interassay CV values were 10 and 14%, respectively. Although the method does not permit separation of dihydroxylated metabolites of vitamin D from 25-hydroxyvitamin D, it is useful in clinical practice. PMID- 3905078 TI - A sensitive sandwich enzyme immunoassay for human myoglobin using Fab' horseradish peroxidase conjugate: methods and results in normal subjects and patients with various diseases. AB - A sensitive sandwich enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for human myoglobin (Mb) was developed. Serum Mb was assayed by incubation with an anti-Mb rabbit IgG-coated polystyrene ball and then with affinity-purified anti-Mb Fab'-horseradish peroxidase (HRP) conjugate. The HRP activity bound to the polystyrene ball was assayed fluorimetrically. The sensitivity was 3.1 pg/tube and serum Mb levels of 0.4-1000 micrograms/l could be determined. The recoveries of Mb added to human sera at 3 concentrations were 92.8-99.8%. The within- and between-assay coefficients of variations (CV values) were both below 10%. The regression equation of values determined by EIA and radioimmunoassay (RIA) was y(EIA) = 0.964x (RIA)--2.30 and the correlation coefficient was 0.984. The mean normal serum concentration of Mb was 21.5 +/- 6.0 micrograms/l (mean +/- SD) in males and 16.9 +/- 5.8 micrograms/l in females. The significance of serum Mb determination by the EIA in various diseases was confirmed. The present EIA for Mb is more sensitive and economical than RIA and should be useful for determining Mb in biological materials. PMID- 3905079 TI - Physiology and metabolism of essential trace elements: an outline. AB - Man depends on at least nine trace elements--iron, zinc, copper, manganese, iodine, chromium, selenium, molybdenum and cobalt--for optimum metabolic function. These elements serve a variety of functions including catalytic, structural and regulatory activities in which they interact with macromolecules such as enzymes, pro-hormones, pre-secretory granules and biological membranes. These micronutrients are involved, therefore, in all major metabolic pathways at levels which are so fundamental that the features of deficiency of many of them are protean and non-specific. In considering the metabolism of the elements themselves, they fall into two groups: those which exist normally as cations and those present as anions. The latter group are absorbed relatively easily and whole-body homeostasis is mediated mainly by renal excretion. The cations need specific pathways for absorption and their homeostasis is effected by gastrointestinal and biliary secretion. Some elements are absorbed more efficiently as organic complexes. The net achievement of the metabolic pathways for each element is to deliver it to its functional site(s) by exploiting its physicochemical characteristics to avoid interactions with other inorganic nutrients. PMID- 3905080 TI - Clinical, endocrinological and biochemical effects of zinc deficiency. AB - The essentiality of zinc for humans was recognized in the early 1960s. The causes of zinc deficiency include malnutrition, alcoholism, malabsorption, extensive burns, chronic debilitating disorders, chronic renal disease, certain diuretics, the use of chelating agents such as penicillamine for Wilson's disease, and genetic disorders such as acrodermatitis enteropathica and sickle cell disease. The requirement of zinc is increased in pregnancy and during the growing age period. The clinical manifestations in severe cases of zinc deficiency included bullous-pustular dermatitis, alopecia, diarrhoea, emotional disorder, weight loss, intercurrent infections, hypogonadism in males and it is fatal if untreated. A moderate deficiency of zinc is characterized by growth retardation and delayed puberty in adolescents, hypogonadism in males, rough skin, poor appetite, mental lethargy, delayed wound healing, taste abnormalities and abnormal dark adaptation. In mild cases of zinc deficiency in human subjects, we have observed oligospermia, slight weight loss and hyperammonaemia. Zinc is a growth factor. As a result of its deficiency, growth is affected adversely in many animal species and in man. Inasmuch as zinc is needed for protein and DNA synthesis and cell division, it is believed that the growth effect of zinc is related to its effect on protein synthesis. Testicular functions are affected adversely as a result of zinc deficiency in both humans and experimental animals. This effect of zinc is at the end organ level and the hypothalamic--pituitary axis is intact in zinc-deficient subjects. Inasmuch as zinc is intimately involved in a cell division, its deficiency may adversely affect testicular size and thus its function. In mice, the incidence of degenerate oocytes, and hypohaploidy and hyperhaploidy in metaphase II oocytes were increased due to zinc deficiency. Zinc at physiological concentrations reduced prolactin secretion from the pituitary in vitro and it has been suggested that this trace element may have a role in the in vivo regulation of prolactin release. Thymopoietin, a hormone needed for T-cell maturation, has also been shown to be zinc dependent. It is clear that zinc may have several roles in biochemical and hormonal functions of various endocrine organs. Future research in this area is very much needed. PMID- 3905081 TI - Inborn errors of trace element metabolism. AB - Genetic disorders of trace element transport are now known in humans, mice, dogs and cattle. Those involving copper have been known longest and are best known clinically. Effects due to copper deficiency are seen in Menkes' disease, in X linked cutis laxa and in the X-linked series of mottled mutants in the mouse. Copper accumulation is also harmful, causing damage initially to the liver and later to the kidneys and brain in Wilson's disease, in some Bedlington terriers and in toxic milk mice. Zinc deficiency is seen in acrodermatitis enteropathica and in premature babies born to women who seem to secrete milk that is zinc deficient, as is seen in lethal milk mice. Study of animal mutants, especially mutant mice, is helpful in understanding the human diseases and identification of the basic defects in trace element transport in these diseases is improving knowledge relevant to trace element nutrition. PMID- 3905082 TI - Epidemiology and trace elements. AB - Basically, epidemiology is the making of measurements of known reproducibility, in a bias-free manner, on representative samples of subjects drawn from defined communities. Epidemiology has become a relatively precise science and its value in medicine is widely appreciated. So too are its limitations: the difficulties in achieving a high response rate, in identifying and controlling confounding factors in the examination of an association, and the ultimate difficulties in distinguishing causation from association. While the value of community-based studies seems to be recognized by those interested in man and his environment, the need for the strict application of epidemiological procedures, and the limitations imposed on conclusions drawn from studies in which these procedures have been compromised, does not seem to be adequately understood. There are certain known links between trace elements in the environment and disease: for example the level of iodine in soil and water and the prevalence of goitre; the level of fluoride in water and the prevalence of dental caries. The investigation of other possible associations is difficult for a number of reasons, including interrelationships between trace elements, confounding of trace element levels (and disease) with social and dietary factors, and the probability that relationships are generally weak. Two conditions in which associations are likely are cardiovascular disease and cancer. Despite research along a number of lines, the relevance of trace elements to cardiovascular disease is not clear, and certainly the apparent association with hardness of domestic water supply seems unlikely to be causal. The same general conclusion seems reasonable for cancer, and although there are a very few well established associations which are likely to be causal, such as exposure to arsenic and skin cancer, the role of trace elements is obscure, and likely to be very small. PMID- 3905083 TI - Intellectual and behavioural consequences of low level lead exposure: a review of recent studies. AB - Recent studies investigating the association between low levels of lead and children's IQ, behaviour and educational attainment are reviewed. The main emphasis is on the methodological issues and problems which face researchers carrying out these cross-sectional epidemiological studies, and in particular the problem of confounding social factors. It is concluded that body lead levels in children do to some extent act as a marker for socially disadvantageous factors, and that when these are controlled adequately, if there are any functional effects due to lead, then these are so small that they cannot be detected with any certainty, and they may not exist at all. PMID- 3905084 TI - Aluminium toxicity in chronic renal insufficiency. AB - Aluminium is a ubiquitous element in the environment and has been demonstrated to be toxic, especially in individuals with impaired renal function. Not much is known about the biochemistry of aluminium and the mechanisms of its toxic effects. Most of the interest in aluminium has been in the clinical setting of the haemodialysis unit. Here aluminium toxicity occurs due to contamination of dialysis solutions, and treatment of the patients with aluminium-containing phosphate binding gels. Aluminium has been shown to be the major contributor to the dialysis encephalopathy syndrome and an osteomalacic component of dialysis osteodystrophy. Other clinical disturbances associated with aluminium toxicity are a microcytic anaemia and metastatic extraskeletal calcification. Aluminium overload can be treated effectively by chelation therapy with desferrioxamine and haemodialysis. Aluminium is readily transferred from the dialysate to the patient's bloodstream during haemodialysis. Once transferred, the aluminium is tightly bound to non-dialysable plasma constituents. Very low concentrations of dialysate aluminium in the range of 10-15 micrograms/l are recommended to guard against toxic effects. Very few studies have been directed towards the separation of the various plasma species which bind aluminium. Gel filtration chromatography has been used to identify five major fractions, one of which is of low molecular weight and the others appear to be protein-aluminium complexes. Recommendations on aluminium monitoring have been published and provide 'safe' and toxic concentrations. Also, the frequency of monitoring has been addressed. Major problems exist with the analytical methods for measuring aluminium which result from inaccurate techniques and contamination difficulties. The most widely used analytical technique is electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry which can provide reliable measurements in the hands of a careful analyst. PMID- 3905085 TI - Assessment of trace element status. AB - Biochemical and clinical investigations involving trace elements are made for the diagnosis of inherited or acquired deficiencies of essential trace elements and their treatment, to monitor the efficacy of the therapeutic administration of non essential trace elements in order to achieve maximum clinical response with minimum toxicity, and for the early detection of excessive ingestion of non essential toxic trace elements. The wide range of tests used to assess trace element status in these three areas of clinical importance is discussed with examples of essential and of toxic trace elements since therapeutic use of trace elements is discussed elsewhere in this issue. Particular attention is given to zinc, copper, selenium, lead and cadmium because the various tests used to assess the status of these elements encompass the principles of all currently available tests. Although trace element analysis of body fluids and tissues is the most useful and most commonly used method of assessment of trace element status, this is of limited value and no single test may be considered as ideal for any element. The provision of more detailed information from elemental analysis of cellular and subcellular fractions and of protein fractions from plasma leads inexorably to measurements of element-dependent enzymes, metalloproteins and of low molecular weight element-binding ligands. Even at this level of discrimination the choice of body tissue or tissue fluid for investigation is determined by the trace element and its principal metabolic targets. PMID- 3905086 TI - A formal approach to symptoms in dyspepsia. PMID- 3905087 TI - Analysis of symptoms in the acute abdomen. PMID- 3905088 TI - The value of symptoms and signs in the assessment of jaundiced patients. PMID- 3905090 TI - A test of a climate room for preparation of chromosome slides. PMID- 3905089 TI - Agenesis of the corpus callosum and macrocephaly in siblings. AB - A brother and sister with developmental delay, relative macrocephaly and agenesis of the corpus callosum are described. The brother also had unilateral cerebellar hypoplasia and malrotation of the large bowel. Published cases of familial agenesis of the corpus callosum are reviewed and the value of ultrasonography in demonstrating agenesis of the corpus callosum in the neonate is emphasised. PMID- 3905091 TI - Early prenatal diagnosis of cystic fibrosis by ultrasound. PMID- 3905093 TI - A nephropathy induced by immunization of rats with EHS tumour. AB - Immunization of rats with Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm tumour induced a nephropathy immunohistopathologically similar to Heymann nephritis except that IgG was deposited along the tubular basement membranes. Autoantibodies against both brush border and basement membranes of proximal tubules were found in the sera. Immunoperoxidase staining of the tumour cells and absorption studies suggested that the tumour cells produced the FX1A-related antigens. Immunodiffusion analysis suggested that the antigens which induced this nephropathy differed from gp 330 and gp 600 which have been reported to be responsible for Heymann nephritis. PMID- 3905092 TI - Eosinophils as effector cells in immunity and hypersensitivity disorders. PMID- 3905094 TI - Human macrophages and T-lymphocyte subsets infiltrating nodules of Onchocerca volvulus. AB - The nature of the lymphoid infiltrate in nodules of Onchocerca volvulus was assessed using monoclonal antibodies to lymphoid cell surface markers. Although B cells were generally absent, T cells were present, but in variable amounts. The ratio of T4+ (helper phenotype) to T8+ (suppressor-cytotoxic phenotype) was usually in the normal peripheral blood range of about 3, although ratios ranging from 1 to 10 were seen in selected areas of the onchocercoma. The possibility of immunosuppression through dominance of T4+, Leu-8+ cells (suppressor-inducer phenotype) within the T4+ population was also excluded. The T cells did not tend to concentrate in close proximity to the parasite, and there was no general bias in favour of the T suppressor cell phenotype (T8) within the infiltrate. Macrophages and dendritic cells were consistently observed and consisted of three defined cell types in approximately equal proportions: normal, unactivated macrophages (HLA-DR-, acid phosphatase positive), activated macrophages (HLA-DR+, acid phosphatase positive) and cells of dendritic morphology (HLA-DR+, acid phosphatase negative). These results are discussed in relation to immune suppression in filariasis. PMID- 3905095 TI - Cationised IgM rheumatoid factor: in-vivo glomerular localization and immunoabsorptive capacity in the mouse. AB - This paper reports the results of in-vivo studies on the binding of intravenously injected cationised human IgM rheumatoid factor to glomeruli in mice. Evidence is presented to show that glomerular bound cationised IgM rheumatoid factor can act as an immunoabsorbent binding both endogenous immunoglobulin containing material from the circulation as well as intravenously injected immunoglobulins either in the form of aggregates or immune complexes. PMID- 3905096 TI - Suitable hollow fibre immunobioreactors for specific ex vivo removal of antibodies and antigens from plasma. AB - Studies were undertaken to determine the applicability and effectiveness of a new immunoadsorbent, constituted of cellulose hollow fibres chemically modified (BrCN) to link selected proteins. The method has been assayed on a simple model of antibody elimination: myeloma IgG or BSA as antigens were covalently linked to cellulose; such an immunoadsorbent can selectively and efficiently deplete circulating antibodies in vitro and ex vivo (on immunized dogs) from whole blood, without releasing linked protein into the hosts' circulation. The original approach of using this method to remove antibodies has been extended to specifically remove antigens (for this purpose, antibodies were conjugated to cellulose), in order to investigate an immunoadsorption therapy in familial hypercholesterolemia, characterized by a plasmatic overload of low-density lipoproteins (LDL), of which apolipoprotein B is the major protein. After covalent linkage of isolated anti-apolipoprotein B antibodies to cellulose, human plasma LDL levels were effectively and specifically reduced by this procedure. PMID- 3905098 TI - Pit and fissure sealants as a caries preventive measure. PMID- 3905097 TI - Cellular immune response to Mycobacterium bovis (BCG) in genetically-susceptible and resistant congenic mouse strains. AB - Congenic Bcgr (C.D2, resistant) and Bcgs (BALB/c, susceptible) mice were infected intravenously with Mycobacterium bovis (BCG, strain Montreal) in order to establish the relationship between different indicators of the cell-mediated immune response and the bacterial load attained in the host. There was a correlation between the bacterial burden and the splenomegaly response, granuloma formation in the liver and cross-protection against an heterologous pathogen (Listeria monocytogenes) in Bcgr and Bcgs mice. No relationship was found between bacterial load or granuloma formation and the development of specific acquired protection against an homologous organism (BCG or M. tuberculosis, H37Rv) as assessed by the level of resistance attained in BCG-primed mice challenged with virulent H37Rv or by the adoptive immunity conferred by BCG-primed spleen cells transferred to naive irradiated recipients challenged with BCG. PMID- 3905100 TI - Recurrent focal glomerulosclerosis in renal transplants proteinuria relapsing following plasma exchange. PMID- 3905099 TI - IgA nephropathy: perspectives on pathogenesis and classification. AB - IgA nephropathy has received growing attention since its recognition 18 years ago. In this review the salient demographic, clinical and pathologic features are summarized. Next follows a discussion of the pathogenesis of the disease in light of current clinical and experimental data, with a proposal for classification based upon immune response, disordered immunoregulation, and the impairment of clearance of immune complexes. PMID- 3905102 TI - Bicentenary festschrift: Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. PMID- 3905101 TI - Intravenous lidocaine in the treatment of pruritus in hemodialysis patients. PMID- 3905103 TI - Fracture healing perspectives. AB - This paper reviews the sequence of histomorphologic changes that occur in and around a fracture site, and discusses recent concepts about the roles of the cells and bone matrical moieties in promoting specific cell transformations during the phases of callus tissue formation and consolidation of the bony cortex. Current knowledge about the roles of autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine polypeptide growth and transforming factors lends new perspectives about this classic problem in bone physiology. PMID- 3905104 TI - Some observations on bone graft technology. PMID- 3905105 TI - The function of bone marrow in the incorporation of a bone graft. AB - Transplants of bone marrow into the anterior chamber of the eye were observed by Pfeiffer to produce migration, regression, and degeneration of myelogenous and hematopoietic cells at the same time that reticular cells proliferate and differentiate into bone. This key observation raised the question of whether the bone formation is the result of proliferation and osteogenetic activity of the reticular cells, or whether mesenchymal-type cells of the host are also induced by the transplant to differentiate into bone. From a comparison of bone marrow with epiphyseal cartilage, fracture callus, cancellous bone, muscle, and other tissues. Urist and McLean suggested that in the anterior chamber of the eye, one or another, or both, mechanisms are operative. Urist demonstrated that new bone formation occurs in postfetal life by the mechanism of induction alone in an implant of demineralized bone matrix in a muscle pouch. In recent years, the inductive agent and inductive response have been under intensive investigation with the aid of new and improved biochemic concepts and methods (Lindholm and Urist). PMID- 3905106 TI - Bone matrix-directed chondrogenesis of muscle in vitro. AB - Bone matrix is the largely collagenous residue of demineralized bone. Experimental data demonstrate that a substance, which is acid-stable during demineralization, occurs as a part of bone matrix, and that it is capable of stimulating the redifferentiation of skeletal muscle into cartilage. Reproducibility of redifferentiation is high and all cells derived from embryonic mesoderm appear competent to yield cartilage. This effect is highly significant to the developmental biology of musculoskeletal tissues, as muscle and cartilage arise from a similar embryonic origin. With regard to the embryonic limb as a model system, it appears that both muscle and cartilage progenitor cells do not have rigidly-defined developmental programs, and that this is a result of their origin from a common pool of embryonic mesoderm. This pool originates as embryonic mesenchyme long before any evidence of limb development can be detected. It is proposed that the active component of bone matrix, termed "bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)," acts upon a tissue whose developmental program is not stabilized, or has been experimentally destabilized (by injury), to augment and sustain syntheses of cartilage extracellular matrix. The use of bone matrix, and active substances derived from it, suggests that differentiation is not irreversible. Hard tissue growth and repair may occur via recruitment of competent responding cells from a variety of nonchondrogenic sources, provided that the extracellular milieu (i.e., presence of BMP) is supportive. PMID- 3905107 TI - Bone matrix-induced local bone induction. AB - The sequential cellular changes in the implants in response to collagenous bone matrix-induced local bone formation include: binding of fibronectin to matrix, chemotaxis and attachment of progenitor cells, proliferation and differentiation of progenitor cells into chondrocytes, and finally osteogenesis and marrow differentiation. The cellular origin of osteogenic proteins is not clear. The present study compares the osteogenic potential of demineralized rat and porcine bone matrix by dissociative extraction and reconstitution. Judging from the Sephacryl S-200 gel filtration profiles of the dissociative extracts of rat and porcine matrix, the latter appears to be smaller. Under identical experimental conditions, the rat chondrosarcoma and osteosarcoma were examined for chondrogenic and osteogenic properties and found to be devoid of inductive potential. It is noteworthy that gel filtration fractions of rat chondrosarcoma on Sepharose CL-6B are inhibitory to bone inductive potential of demineralized rat bone matrix. PMID- 3905108 TI - Calcium transport in nonmammalian vertebrates. AB - The title of this paper commemorating the contributions made by Professor Urist has an interesting bearing upon basic skeletal tissue biology. This is because the calcium-binding proteins (vitellogenins), upon which Professor Urist and Schjeide have focused much of their attention in non-mammalian vertebrates, although produced by the liver and present in the blood plasmas of non-mammalian vertebrates during vitellogenesis, are, in effect, substitutes for the protein casein present in the milk of mammalian vertebrates. Vitellogenins (180,000 250,000 daltons) appear to be produced solely for deposition in the yolk of the egg so that the calcium they carry (considerably more than is associated with casein of milk) and the amino acids of which they are comprised can be utilized during embryonic development. In many instances the progeny of non-mammalian vertebrates emerge from the shell as miniatures of the adult, capable of rapid movement and thus requiring a well developed skeletal as well as muscular system. Vitellogenins are not found in any other cells (phagocytes excepted) other than hepatocytes wherein they are made, nor are they present in the intercellular matrix of developing or remodeling bone. In non-vitellogenic females and in males of non-mammalian vertebrates, they are absent from the blood plasma altogether, so that nonionized calcium therein is solely bound to such proteins as albumin and the lipoproteins.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3905109 TI - Estrogen and bone. Marshall R. Urist's contributions. AB - Estrogens have profound effects on the maintenance of bone mass. Urist's early studies showed species differences in reactions of bone to estrogens and in their ability to inhibit endosteal resorption and to reduce the number of osteoclasts. It is now clear that estrogens are anticatabolic as quantified by kinetic and radiographic studies. The clinical use of this important action of estrogens for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis has recently been accepted by the NIH Consensus on Treatment of Osteoporosis and by the Food and Drug Administration. The relation of hip fractures to osteoporosis and vertebral compressions, shown by Urist et al. in 1959, is now clarified by direct noninvasive measurement of vertebral spongiosa, which is preferentially involved. Prevention of bone loss and fractures by estrogen has now been established morphometrically and epidemiologically; dose-response curves are available for four preparations. Urist showed in 1948 that estrogens are ineffective in vitro; it is now known that bone lacks estrogen receptors. Their antiosteolytic action appears to be mediated by calcitonin. As a consequence of all these studies, the serious human and public health problem of postmenopausal osteoporosis, with fractures of the vertebrae, wrists, and hips, deformity, and death, is one of the few geriatric disorders for which effective and safe prophylaxis is now practical. PMID- 3905110 TI - New approaches to the problems of osteoporosis. AB - Professor Urist's contributions to the understanding of osteoporosis are worthy of reevaluation at this time, when interest in the field has reached unprecedented heights. Recent advances in technology have greatly increased our understanding of osteoporosis by showing that there is no loss of bone in normal premenopausal women, and that the loss which starts at the menopause can be attributed to an increase in bone resorption. It is suggested that the primary event is a rise in plasma calcium that leads to a rise in obligatory urinary calcium loss, which in turn increases the calcium requirement. The subset of the postmenopausal population who develop fractures (particularly in the spine) show additional risk factors, which include malabsorption of calcium (which further increases bone resorption) and reduced adrenal androgen production (which may produce a fall in bone formation). The treatment of established cases requires control of bone resorption by calcium supplementation and/or hormone therapy, with the addition of calcitriol if malabsorption of calcium is present. Stimulation of bone formation is more difficult, but there is a suggestion that this may be possible with the use of anabolic steroids. PMID- 3905111 TI - The pathomechanics of osteoporoses. AB - The disease osteoporosis is a manifestation of osteopenia and mechanical incompetence. The osteopenia (reduced bone tissue volume) can follow insufficient bone accumulation during growth, secondary to abnormalities in cortical bone modeling and/or remodeling of spongiosa. Or it can follow pathologic bone losses due to altered activation of bone remodeling units and to the special bone balance-determining delta B X BMU function. Combinations of the above can occur. Mechanical incompetence (fracture and/or bone pain during normal mechanical usage) is due partly to the osteopenia, which reduces bone strength to 90% to occasionally 40% of normal. However, even 40% of normal strength should leave bones with approximately five times the strength needed to withstand maximum normal mechanical loads. Further weakening of osteoporotic bone to 10% of normal or less is due to accumulations of mechanical microdamage, which increase when less bone still carries normal loads. Microdamage also accumulates because malfunctions of the remodeling mechanism that normally repairs it occur consistently in most osteoporoses. Thus microdamage physiology emerges as a major feature of the pathophysiology of the osteoporoses. Future research must find what controls it in life and how to reduce it for medical needs. PMID- 3905112 TI - Justus Courtland Pickett. PMID- 3905113 TI - The mast cell and bone. AB - The mast cell, which contains many potent bioactive substances, by its very location must have an effect on bone metabolism in health and disease. In this article, the early questions about mast cells in bone raised by Urist and McLean almost thirty years ago are only partially answered, but the work continues to stimulate new experimental and clinical research on the function of mast cells. PMID- 3905114 TI - Current concepts in the diagnosis and management of acromioclavicular dislocations. AB - Not all complete dislocations of the acromioclavicular joint should be treated by one method alone. A classification of acromioclavicular dislocation is presented and is based upon the pathology of the injury. Grade I sprain results from a mild force that causes tearing of only a few fibers of the acromioclavicular joint. Grade II sprains are caused by a moderate force with a rupture of the capsule and acromioclavicular ligament. Grade III sprains result from a severe force that ruptures both the acromioclavicular and coracoclavicular ligaments and causes a dislocation of the joint. Grade IV dislocation may be associated with an avulsion fracture of the coracoclavicular ligament from the inferior lateral clavicle, severe tearing or other injury to the soft-tissue envelope about the lateral clavicle, or a buttonhole injury of the lateral clavicle. Grade V dislocation refers to a posterior displacement of the lateral clavicle from any cause, while Grade VI relates to an inferior lateral clavicle displacement. Grades I, II, and most Grade III injuries can be treated conservatively. The indications for open treatment of Grade III injuries are reviewed. It is recommended that Grade IV and most Grade V and VI dislocations be managed with open methods. PMID- 3905115 TI - Inevitable editor (Marshall R. Urist). By Thomas B. Quigley. 1974. PMID- 3905116 TI - Progress in arthritis surgery. With special reference to the current status of total joint arthroplasty. PMID- 3905117 TI - Profile of an Editor, Marshall R. Urist, 1985. PMID- 3905118 TI - Contemporary bone graft physiology and surgery. PMID- 3905119 TI - Homage to Minerva Orthopaedica. PMID- 3905120 TI - Arthroplasty of the hip. The search for durable component fixation. AB - The primary indication for arthroplasty of the hip is the elimination of pain and the restoration of function. This paper addresses the progression of developments leading to the present satisfactory attainment of this goal. Having achieved this goal, patients and surgeons have come to expect far more than the necessities of pain relief and improved function. They have begun to expect replacements that will last "forever" and allow the recipients of these devices to lead lives that are more physically active. In this paper, approaches to this new goal are summarized, including the current state-of-the-art attempts at utilizing biologic ingrowth fixation. The numerous real and potential problems associated with achieving this goal are delineated, many of which remain unsolved. Finally, the necessity of uniform techniques and methods of evaluation is beseeched so that results of new innovations can be analyzed earlier and more critically. PMID- 3905121 TI - Bibliography. Marshall R. Urist. PMID- 3905122 TI - Noncollagenous proteins influencing the local mechanisms of calcification. PMID- 3905123 TI - The Division of Orthopaedic Surgery in the A.E.F. a.k.a. The Goldthwait Unit. PMID- 3905124 TI - Military orthopedic surgery. PMID- 3905125 TI - Nicolas Andry. The designer of orthopedic iconography. PMID- 3905126 TI - The mineral of bone. AB - This is a review of the chemistry and structure of synthetic, mineral, and biologic hydroxyapatites. Bone apatite has a large, reactive specific-surface and is characterized by its crystal imperfection and non-stoichiometry. Precipitated and bone hydroxyapatites are in the submicroscopic size range where their solubility decreases rapidly with a small increment of crystal growth. A discussion is given of the various mechanisms proposed for tissue mineralization. The body seems to contain a number of nucleating and inhibiting mechanisms which seem to work in concert, possibly providing redundant pathways to the mineralization of tissue. PMID- 3905127 TI - Lower extremity salvage and reconstruction by free-tissue transfer. Analysis of results. AB - The application of soft tissue or bone free-tissue transfers to lower extremity salvage or reconstruction was assessed in a review of 86 consecutive procedures done during a 36-month period. This group included 65 cases of free skin or muscle flap transfer and 21 cases of free vascularized bone transfer. In terms of tissue viability, the success rate was 80.2% (78.5% for the soft tissue group and 85.7% for the bone group). With due consideration of indications, the incidence of secondary sepsis in patients with chronic osteomyelitis, and other potential complications, free-tissue transfers are valuable for salvage and reconstructive surgery of the lower extremity. PMID- 3905128 TI - Assessment of bone grafts used for acetabular augmentation in total hip arthroplasty. A study using roentgenograms and bone scintigraphy. AB - Total hip arthroplasty was performed in 13 hips with acetabular bone grafts for secure component fixation. The incorporation and healing of acetabular bone grafts were investigated with the aid of roentgenograms, planar bone scans, and a newer scintigraphic technique, three-dimensional single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Conventional roentgenograms proved unreliable in evaluating bone graft reconstitution because of overlapping trabecular bone patterns of the graft and iliac wing. There was no evidence of graft failure or acetabular loosening. Bone grafts in the late follow-up group (four to seven years postoperation) exhibited normal radionuclide activity, whereas grafts less than one year postsurgery demonstrated patterns of increased activity. SPECT was helpful in producing an anatomic reconstruction of the acetabulum. The observation that bone grafts exhibited normal biological viability is crucial for ensuring secure acetabular component fixation on a long-term basis. PMID- 3905129 TI - Giant cell tumor of the proximal radius. AB - Giant cell tumor of bones are usually located in the long tubular bones and rarely located in the proximal end of the radius. This is a case report of a giant cell tumor in the proximal radius in a 35-year-old woman treated successfully with curettage and bank bone graft. PMID- 3905130 TI - The future of life expectancy. PMID- 3905131 TI - The transplantation of an autogeneic osteochondral fragment for osteochondritis dissecans of the knee. AB - Osteochondritis dissecans in two adults with a large osteochondral defect on the weight-bearing surface was treated by transplantation of an autogeneic osteochondral fragment. The graft was transplanted from the normal portion of the medial femoral condyle, which in extension was in contact with neither patella nor meniscus. The donor site was repaired with an iliac bone fragment. After curettage of the crater, the osteochondral fragment was transfixed with AO mini cancellous screw(s). Six months after the operation, the grafted cartilage of one patient looked the same as normal cartilage when macroscopically observed and showed no sign of histologic degeneration. At the follow-up examination, the patients were asymptomatic. One patient had a full range of motion two years and three months later; the other three years later. Roentgenographic examinations revealed slight irregularities at the grafted site. There was no significant change in the patellofemoral joint except the concavity of the donor site. PMID- 3905132 TI - Total hip arthroplasty and acetabular bone grafting for unreduced fracture dislocation of the hip. AB - Functional restoration after chronic persistent fracture-dislocation of the hip was achieved by total hip arthroplasty (THA) in two patients with history of severe multiple injuries. Acetabular deficiency was corrected by use of the femoral head as an autologous bone graft. A 24-year-old man and a 42-year-old woman were treated for persistent fracture-dislocation of the hip two years and one year, respectively, after the accidents. In both, total hip arthroplasty in combination with acetabular bone grafts, with the femoral head, produced satisfactory clinical results at follow-up periods of 59 and 55 months. PMID- 3905133 TI - Rapid bronchopulmonary clearance of technetium-99m DTPA with renal uptake. PMID- 3905134 TI - Biography of Hugo V. Rizzoli, M.D. PMID- 3905135 TI - Cerebral preservation for intraoperative focal ischemia. PMID- 3905136 TI - Extracranial to intracranial bypass in the treatment of aneurysms. PMID- 3905138 TI - The neuro-otologist's view of the surgical management of acoustic neuromas. AB - The experience of our group in the management of 1667 patients with the diagnosis of an acoustic neuroma has been reviewed. Certain features of the operation have been discussed. It is our feeling at this time that with the techniques available to the neuro-otologist for the management of patients harboring acoustic neuromas, the goals of surgery should be total removal of the tumor with preservation of the facial nerve and avoidance of injury to the adjacent important brain structures. Our patients, at this time, should reasonably expect this type of result from their surgery. Hearing preservation in the above framework continues to be frustrating and difficult to consistently attain, and obviously remains the next barrier in acoustic tumor surgery. PMID- 3905137 TI - Emergency embolectomy for acute embolic occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. PMID- 3905139 TI - Dandy's brain team. PMID- 3905140 TI - Pathophysiology of the pain of trigeminal neuralgia and atypical facial pain: a neuroanatomical perspective. PMID- 3905141 TI - The history of the development of treatment for trigeminal neuralgia. PMID- 3905142 TI - Walter E. Dandy: an historical perspective. PMID- 3905143 TI - Choice of surgical therapeutic modalities for treatment of trigeminal neuralgia: microvascular decompression, percutaneous retrogasserian thermal, or glycerol rhizotomy. PMID- 3905144 TI - Management of the failed patient with trigeminal neuralgia. PMID- 3905145 TI - Neuropathology of pineal region tumors. PMID- 3905146 TI - Shunting and irradiation of pineal tumors. PMID- 3905147 TI - Earlier times in aneurysm surgery. PMID- 3905148 TI - Neuro-Ophthalmology of orbital tumors. PMID- 3905150 TI - Use of positron emission tomography scanning in cerebral ischemia. PMID- 3905149 TI - Radiologic evaluation of orbital tumors. PMID- 3905151 TI - Neurosurgical involvement in tumors of the orbit. AB - The neurosurgeon has a great deal to offer in the therapy of orbital tumors. Dr. Dandy's supposition that all orbital tumors could be approached by the intracranial route is certainly correct, but technical advances have made the medial and lateral approaches to the orbit more useful for most tumors which are confined to the orbit (22, 25). For those which involve the posterior orbit and canal and have intracranial extensions, the intracranial approach is excellent. Since Dandy's first description of the procedure in 1922, there have been 29 patient reports concerning the results of transcranial canalicular decompression for non-traumatic causes. The most common diagnosis was meningioma (15), and other tumor diagnoses were fibrous dysplasia (7) and hemangioma (2). One-third of the patients were improved; one-third had vision stabilized; and one-third were made worse by surgery. Modern techniques with the microscope and high speed drill have greatly improved these results. Our own experience in the decompression of 15 canals in 11 patients is as follows. There were six patients with meningioma, and two were bilateral. Three patients were found to have a vascular dolichoectasis and one patient had an hemangioma, and in two patients no compression was identified. Immediately postoperatively, two-thirds of the patients were improved, and only one eye (representing 6.7% of the nerves decompressed) was worsened. This resulted from an attempt to totally remove an adherent sheath meningioma. Long-term follow-up median 34 months has demonstrated maintenance of these gains. Eighty percent of the patients have improved or remained stable. These data indicate that the procedure described can be done safely without major risk of visual loss. The neurosurgeon should play an increasingly important role in the evaluation and therapy of posteriorly placed orbital tumors and unexplained compressive optic neuropathy. PMID- 3905152 TI - The investigation of hydrocephalus by computed tomography. PMID- 3905153 TI - Magnetic resonance imaging vs. computed tomography: advantages and disadvantages. AB - Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the head and spine exceeds the sensitivity of computed tomography (CT) in detecting parenchymal lesions of the brain and spinal cord. MRI should be employed as a screening examination, particularly in patients suspected of having demyelinating diseases. CT continues to be the imaging technique of choice in evaluation of trauma, accurately depicting bony abnormalities and intracranial hemorrhage in evaluation of the spinal column and suspected disc herniation and in uncooperative patients. PMID- 3905154 TI - Ultrasonic diagnosis of fetal and neonatal hydrocephalus. PMID- 3905155 TI - How to keep shunts functioning, or "the impossible dream". AB - Hydrocephalus is a benign condition, and as our expertise in surgical treatment has increased, many of the "inevitable complications" are disappearing, and a normal life associated with satisfactory shunt function is no longer "the impossible dream." While this chapter has identified a few of the problems that may complicate long-term management, it is important to reemphasize that the most important single factor which determines success or failure is the attitude and experience of the neurosurgeon. While there is a great deal of surgical pride associated with removing a meningioma or clipping an aneurysm, we do not receive accolades from our colleagues when we have inserted or replaced a shunt. Whereas the surgical technique that is employed to remove an acoustic tumor or a meningioma at the base of the brain is a testimony to the skill of the neurosurgeon, it is not a technical feat to revise a shunt in an acutely ill child. When the surgical outcome is a satisfactory one, it is taken for granted, and when recurrent problems evolve they are assumed to reflect problems intrinsic to caring for hydrocephalus, and little consideration is given to the technical and conceptual skills required to retrieve the situation. Neurosurgeons often lose sight of the fact that hydrocephalus is the most benign intracranial disorder which is treated in large numbers. I believe that the most serious problem in the treatment of hydrocephalus has been the reluctance of experienced neurosurgeons to devote their time and energies to understanding the underlying pathophysiology and the potential complications and to instituting appropriate treatment. A neurosurgeon who is devoted to both the patient and the family and is committed to understanding and treating complications associated with shunts and shunt dependency will be the best insurance of the future of the patient, and ultimately as normal adults these patients will be a permanent testimony to the skills of the primary neurosurgeon. PMID- 3905156 TI - CSF shunts for dementia, incontinence, and gait disturbance. AB - From a review of our experience in the past 4 years and of the literature generally, the following comments can be made about selecting patients with idiopathic NPH for a shunt procedure. (a) In the clinical presentation, either significant gait difficulty or the full triad of dementia, ataxia, and incontinence should be present. If dementia occurred first or is the major symptom, shunting may not improve the patient. (b) A CT scan with periventricular low density and/or small sulci along with expansion of the entire ventricular system (especially the temporal horns) is strongly associated with good shunt outcome. However, presence of significant atrophy does not prevent shunt success if the clinical picture is appropriate. Some surgeons now feel that the clinical presentation and CT scan findings are enough in themselves to indicate a shunt. If further testing is desired, the following may be useful: Lumbar puncture: A pressure over 100 mm is associated with better chances of improvement. Improvement after lumbar puncture is associated with high likelihood of shunt success, but lack of improvement after lumbar puncture is not useful as a predictor. Isotope or metrizamide cisternography: A typical NPH pattern suggests a good response; a mixed or normal pattern is irrelevant to shunt outcome. Overnight recording of CSF pressure: If pressure is above 180 mm at night, or if there are frequent B-waves, shunting is likely to be helpful. Lumboventricular perfusion: This technique appears to give the most accurate prediction but requires special expertise and probably human studies approval to be done, as it is still an experimental procedure. These features make it difficult to use as a routine test. With regards to results of shunting once accomplished, it is important to follow patients carefully to exclude a chronic subdural collection. If a shunted patient fails to improve with persistent large ventricles and a medium or high pressure valve was used, consideration should be given to shunt revision with insertion of a lower pressure valve. PMID- 3905157 TI - Shunt infections: prevention and treatment. PMID- 3905158 TI - Cerebral arterial spasm. PMID- 3905159 TI - Disturbances of puberty. AB - The initiation and progress of puberty requires progressive pulsatile stimulation of the pituitary by GnRH and of the gonads by LH and FSH. Gonadal maturation continues throughout childhood and is not confined to puberty. We have discussed the events of normal puberty and emphasized the consonance of the acquisition of different components of sexual maturation, including growth acceleration. Departure from this consonance is a sign of abnormality. The method by which constitutional delay of growth and puberty can be distinguished from gonadotrophin deficiency has been discussed as well as the treatment options for both conditions. We have emphasized the significance of pulsatile gonadotrophin secretion and how the development of a multicystic ovarian morphology on ultrasound can be used as a non-invasive assessment of gonadotrophin pulsatility in girls. Pulsatile GnRH therapy mimics normal puberty. The converse of suppressing the clinical signs of central precocious puberty can be achieved by abolishing gonadotrophin pulsatility with GnRH analogue therapy. We now recognize qualitative pulse abnormalities of gonadotrophin secretion which occur in isolated premature thelarche and in some cases of delayed puberty. Although clinical assessment remains the key to the diagnosis of disorders of puberty, studies of gonadotrophin pulsatility have aided our understanding and treatment of these conditions. PMID- 3905160 TI - Nutrition and reproduction. AB - Adequate nutrition is essential for normal reproductive function in man. Menarche occurs at a critical level of 'fatness' and it appears that the hypothalamic events leading to pubertal development and the achievement of reproductive competence may be triggered by metabolic/endocrinological changes due to an increase in fat. The attainment and maintenance of ovulatory cycles demands a minimum degree of body fat (about 22%). Undernutrition results in weight loss and a reduction in fat tissue. This alteration in body composition in turn precipitates the hypothalamic changes that cause impaired gonadotrophin secretion, inappropriate ovarian stimulation and menstrual abnormalities--usually primary or secondary amenorrhoea. Refeeding with restoration of fat tissue will usually result in recovery of reproductive function. There are many causes of undernutrition and the main ones have been discussed. In developed countries the dietary restriction is usually self-imposed--either by rigid control of intake or by the high energy demands of intensive exercise. In contrast to this 'starvation amidst affluence', in developing countries malnutrition is usually the result of inadequate food supplies and poverty. While infertility is often the consequence of undernutrition, many women with suboptimal nutritional states do succeed in becoming pregnant. Malnutrition prejudices pregnancy outcome and results in increased maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality as well as long-term developmental sequelae in the infant. Dietary supplementation is helpful but cannot always overcome the insult caused by the periconceptional undernutrition. The cessation of reproductive function in the undernourished woman represents an adaptive phenomenon, since pregnancy would be prejudicial both to her and the fetus. In view of this, treatment should always aim at refeeding and not at induction of ovulation. Malnourished communities require dietary support and they present the problem of provision of adequate resources. So-called ethnic and culture differences in pubertal development and reproductive performances are in fact often the result of discrepancies in resources and nutrition. Given equal nutritional opportunities these variations may well disappear within a few decades. PMID- 3905161 TI - Hirsutism. AB - The endocrine abnormalities associated with the development of androgen-dependent hirsutism have been presented and discussed in the light of the frequent finding of ultrasonographic abnormalities suggestive of polycystic ovary syndrome. A simple protocol of investigation, which should ideally include pelvic ultrasonography, has been presented. The treatment of hirsutism by combined anti androgen and oestrogen therapy has been detailed and other approaches discussed. PMID- 3905162 TI - Associated non-ovarian problems of polycystic ovarian disease: insulin resistance. AB - It is evident from our current knowledge that women with PCO exhibit hyperinsulinaemia and are insulin resistant. Nevertheless, it remains to be determined whether the relationship of androgen to insulin is one of cause or effect in this syndrome. Elucidation of this mechanism may permit identification of the role of hyperinsulinism in the genesis or pathophysiology of this disorder. PMID- 3905163 TI - Recent advances in the management of patients with amenorrhoea. PMID- 3905166 TI - Clinical pharmacology: a personal perspective. PMID- 3905164 TI - Feedback control methods for drug dosage optimisation. Concepts, classification and clinical application. AB - The concept of feedback control methods for drug dosage optimisation is described from the viewpoint of control theory. The control system consists of 5 parts: (a) patient (the controlled process); (b) response (the measured feedback); (c) model (the mathematical description of the process); (d) adaptor (to update the parameters); and (e) controller (to determine optimum dosing strategy). In addition to the conventional distinction between open-loop and closed-loop control systems, a classification is proposed for dosage optimisation techniques which distinguishes between tight-loop and loose-loop methods depending on whether physician's interaction is absent or included as part of the control step. Unlike engineering problems where the process can usually be controlled by fully automated devices, therapeutic situations often require that the physician be included in the decision-making process to determine the 'optimal' dosing strategy. Tight-loop and loose-loop methods can be further divided into adaptive and non-adaptive, depending on the presence of the adaptor. The main application areas of tight-loop feedback control methods are general anaesthesia, control of blood pressure, and insulin delivery devices. Loose-loop feedback methods have been used for oral anticoagulation and in therapeutic drug monitoring. The methodology, advantages and limitations of the different approaches are reviewed. A general feature common to all application areas could be observed: to perform well under routine clinical conditions, which are characterised by large interpatient variability and sometimes also intrapatient changes, control systems should be adaptive. Apart from application in routine drug treatment, feedback control methods represent an important research tool. They can be applied for the investigation of pathophysiological and pharmacodynamic processes. A most promising application is the evaluation of the relationship between an intermediate response (e.g. drug level), which is often used as feedback for dosage adjustment, and the final therapeutic goal. PMID- 3905167 TI - Effects of verapamil, diltiazem, and nifedipine on plasma levels and renal excretion of digitoxin. AB - To determine whether verapamil, diltiazem, or nifedipine affect digitoxin kinetics, glycoside plasma concentrations and renal excretion were measured before and during steady-state dosing in 30 patients with cardiac insufficiency. The mean (+/- SD) digitoxin plasma concentration was 14.27 +/- 3.66 ng/ml before and 18.15 +/- 5.33 ng/ml during verapamil dosing in 10 patients over a period of 4 to 6 weeks. Renal digitoxin clearance was not influenced by verapamil, but total body clearance and extrarenal clearance of digitoxin were reduced by 27% and 29%, respectively. Diltiazem resulted in a 6% to 31% (mean = 21%) increase in plasma digitoxin concentrations in five of 10 patients because of reduced extrarenal clearance of digitoxin. In contrast to verapamil, the concomitant dosing of nifedipine over 4 to 6 weeks did not alter digitoxin plasma levels or daily renal excretion. Based on these observations, the risk of digitalis intoxication after combined dosing with verapamil and digitoxin is much less pronounced than that after digoxin, and thus this glycoside is a valuable alternative. PMID- 3905165 TI - Interpretation of drug levels in acute and chronic disease states. AB - Serum drug concentration monitoring can be an invaluable aid to patient management, particularly in certain pathological conditions when individualisation of dosage is particularly critical. To be clinically useful, however, drug levels must be interpreted in the context of all factors that could influence the correlation between the concentration of the drug in plasma and the intensity of action. Several such factors may be operating in acute and chronic disease states. For example, a number of pathological conditions are associated with marked changes in the fraction of free, pharmacologically active drug in plasma and this will result in disruption of the normal relationship between total serum drug level and effect, as seen for phenytoin in uraemia. An altered response to a given serum drug level in disease states may also be caused by changes in tissue distribution, by abnormal accumulation of pharmacologically active metabolites in plasma or by changes in end-organ responsiveness. The latter are best illustrated by the altered sensitivity to digoxin in patients with various conditions, including hypokalaemia and thyroid disease. In addition to the factors listed above, consideration should also be given to potential interactions with concomitantly used drugs and to the possibility of analytical errors, especially in view of the evidence that the performance of otherwise reliable drug assays may be grossly impaired in certain diseases (e.g. uraemia), due to abnormal plasma composition and/or accumulation of interfering metabolites. In view of these complexities, a correct interpretation of serum drug levels requires a good knowledge of clinical pharmacology and a close collaboration between physician and laboratory. In any case, serum drug concentrations, like other laboratory tests, are not a substitute for careful patient observation, and any decision about drug treatment should be primarily based upon evaluation of the clinical state and, whenever possible, direct measurement of drug effects. PMID- 3905168 TI - Repair of unilateral cleft lip: the rotation-advancement operation. AB - The most obvious deformity in a unilateral cleft of the lip is asymmetry of the lip and nose. Operation must repair the cleft, lengthen the lip, restore muscle continuity, and create an adequate labial sulcus. Simultaneous correction of the nasal deformity should be carried out to the greatest extent possible at the same time. The rotation-advancement repair has advantages over other repairs in scar placement, correction of the nasal deformity, and conservation of lip and nose tissue. If revision of the lip or nose is required, it can be accomplished more easily following the rotation-advancement repair than other techniques. PMID- 3905169 TI - Repair of unilateral cleft lip: triangular flap repairs. AB - The Tennison operation as presented is a reliable operation for all single clefts from the most incomplete to the very wide cleft. A lip adhesion is not necessary as a preliminary operation before the definitive repair. There is no problem in lowering the peak on the medial segment, and features of the atypical cleft have been presented with details on how to deal with these problems. More surgeons should use this procedure and see how pleased they and the patient will be with the result (see Fig. 12). PMID- 3905170 TI - Repair of bilateral cleft lip: Millard's technique. AB - The abnormal anatomy and principles of treatment of the bilateral cleft lip deformity have been presented. The Millard technique of bilateral cleft lip repair provides for a philtrum of proper width, a lip of proper height, a full depth labial sulcus, and complete muscle continuity. Transposition of prolabium not required in the definitive lip repair into the floor of the nose permits subsequent columellar construction. PMID- 3905171 TI - Bilateral cleft lip. AB - Directing the course of care for a patient with bilateral cleft lip problems is a great responsibility and challenge for the surgeon, and it requires full commitment, effort, and talent. The goal is to enable the patient to develop anatomically, functionally, and psychologically as normally as possible and to achieve and succeed in life according to natural abilities, unimpeded by the congenital deformity complex. An individualized and organized effort must continue until the child is grown. One important aspect of this effort is the technical cleft lip repair. No matter how well done, perfection is always a step away. Open minds and energetic young students should be reluctant to accept the "status quo"; they should be encouraged to accept this challenge and make contributions. Although many other "big, new" operations may be very dramatic, none will be more satisfying to the surgeon than the well-performed bilateral cleft lip repair. The surgeon must remember that the day of cleft lip repair is one of the single most important days of a person's life. The result will have meaning from that moment on! PMID- 3905172 TI - "Alar leapfrog". A technique for repositioning the total alar cartilage at primary cleft lip repair. AB - A technique is described to reconstruct the normal degree of projection of the alar dome of the unilateral cleft lip nose by leapfrogging the spreadeagled alar cartilage up onto the back of the sturdy septum and upper lateral cartilage arch. The medial crus enclosed in a hemiforked flap slides along the membranous septal incision; the lateral crus slides along the intercartilaginous incision; they join each other as the stem of a Y, where they are secured in their new relationship to the septum and upper lateral cartilage. As the limbs approach each other, a standing cone creates the dome projection externally and a fornix within. The dipped rim rises and the charming nasal dimple reappears. Almost 200 primary cases of unilateral cleft lip nose have been treated by this technique over the past 12 years by the author. Alar dome and alar rim relapse have been infrequent. Less than 5 per cent of patients (or parents) have requested revision up to puberty. Final assessment of the effect of this radical surgery may well require a further 10 years' follow-up. PMID- 3905173 TI - Primary palatoplasty. AB - Clefts of the secondary palate, either isolated or accompanying a cleft lip, are characterized by a defect in the palate of varying extent and by abnormal insertion of the levator veli palatini muscles. Repair of the palate should be carried out in one stage, shortly before or after 1 year of age, and should include intravelar veloplasty. The technique of von Langenbeck palatoplasty with intravelar veloplasty has been described. This technique should provide velopharyngeal competency in 80 to 90 per cent of patients with clefts of the secondary palate. PMID- 3905174 TI - The correction of cleft palate with primary veloplasty and delayed repair of the hard palate. AB - Optimal repair of the cleft palate requires meticulous balance of the effects of the procedure on craniofacial growth, dentition, and speech. Aggressive, early closure of the entire palate was practiced by the senior author many years ago. Successful closure with reasonable speech was produced at the price of severe facial and dental disturbance. Patients were adversely affected for many years before the "antisurgery war-cry" of dentists and orthodontists tempered our enthusiasm. In the past 5 or 6 years, the din of speech therapists again advocating early closures has arisen. Besieged on both sides, the plastic surgeon must temper the demands of both camps, seeking the overall benefit of the patient. We believe that primary veloplasty and delayed hard-palate closure as demonstrated in this series provide superior speech with minimal deleterious side effects. The results of intravelar veloplasty, when combined with two-step closure, are especially gratifying. It is hoped that the further refinement of this technique in the past several years will improve results even further. PMID- 3905175 TI - The diagnosis of velopharyngeal inadequacy. AB - At present, there are a number of instrumental devices that can be used to supplement information obtained by the experienced clinician. Although each has its proponents, there continue to be distinct disadvantages associated with all of them. From a clinician's standpoint, the most frustrating limitation is that instruments with demonstrated reliability and validity typically cannot be used comfortably with pre-school children (Table 1). This is extremely unfortunate because those teams wishing to normalize a youngster's velopharyngeal mechanism prior to school enrollment still must rely almost exclusively upon the ear of the clinician for assessment. It is hoped that future research will address this important issue. PMID- 3905176 TI - The pharyngeal flap operation. AB - Patients with velopharyngeal inadequacy require structural modification of the velopharyngeal area by a prosthesis or by surgery in order to provide a mechanism for intelligible speech. The superiorly based, high-attached, lined pharyngeal flap was chosen for the treatment of velopharyngeal incompetency and the operative technique was described. Results showed that 90 per cent of the patients demonstrated significantly improved or normal velopharyngeal adequacy for speech following surgery, and 92 per cent of the patients demonstrated adequate closure of the velopharyngeal orifice as determined by aerodynamic studies. PMID- 3905177 TI - Sphincter pharyngoplasty. AB - A modified version of sphincter pharyngoplasty, based on the work of Hynes and especially Orticochea, is described. The main benefit accruing from this technique is a scar-free sphincter mechanism in the correct position and therefore, it is hoped, with more physiologic function. PMID- 3905178 TI - Correction of residual deformities of the lip and nose in repaired clefts of the primary palate (lip and alveolus). AB - Residual deformities of the lip and nose in individuals with repaired unilateral and bilateral clefts may very in severity depending on the state of the original defect, the care taken in the initial surgical procedure, the pattern of the patient's facial growth, and the effectiveness of interceptive orthodontic techniques. Because each patient has a unique combination of deformities, their surgical reconstruction usually requires the modification and combination of several surgical techniques. In this article, a summary of various reconstructive techniques is presented, beginning with an evaluation of secondary cleft defects. PMID- 3905179 TI - Orthodontic-surgical interaction in the management of cleft lip and palate. AB - The orthodontist's role in the cleft palate team requires close collaboration with the surgeons and other team members. The rationale of timing and sequencing of orthodontic treatment have been discussed in the various time frames, which for convenience have been considered as follows: (1) neonatal or infant maxillary orthopedics; (2) orthodontic considerations in the primary dentition; (3) mixed dentition orthodontics to include presurgical recommendations before an alveolar bone graft and its rationale for use in selected patients; and (4) orthognathic surgery combining an orthodontic and surgical approach to the correction of dental and skeletal components of malocclusion in the permanent dentition. Speech considerations and the communicative skills of the patient with a cleft are important aspects in planning orthognathic surgery for this group of patients. Also, subsequent nose and lip revisions for cosmetic improvement must not be underestimated in the enhancement of the final result following correction of the skeletal and dental discrepancies. Provided the timing and sequencing of appropriate treatment modalities are planned in a closely coordinated, problem oriented approach by the team members, cleft patients should currently have optimal functional and esthetic results. PMID- 3905180 TI - Progressive relaxation and implosion therapy for dental phobias. PMID- 3905181 TI - Fissure topography after combined 20- and 60-seconds etching and mechanical preparation viewed by SEM. PMID- 3905182 TI - The effect of chronic treatment with a non-selective beta-adrenoceptor antagonist on the enteroinsular axis and intermediary metabolites. AB - In a single-blind randomized placebo-controlled cross-over study in hypertensive patients we have examined the effects of treatment with the non-selective beta adrenoceptor antagonist nadolol on the responses of glucose, intermediary metabolites and the hormones of the enteroinsular axis to the ingestion of a mixed meal. During treatment with nadolol the plasma insulin concentration 30 min after ingesting the meal was significantly lower than on placebo and the plasma glucose rose more slowly. Plasma concentrations of GIP tended to be higher during nadolol than placebo treatment. No significant effects of treatment with nadolol were noted on pancreatic glucagon or intermediary metabolites. PMID- 3905183 TI - Insulin appearance of subcutaneously infused insulin: influence of the basal rate pulse interval of the infusion pump. AB - To compare the metabolic control and the pharmacokinetics of infused insulin using an insulin pump (Auto-Syringe AS 6C) which provides the basal rate in pulses every 2-10 min with a pump (Medix Syringe Driver 209) providing the basal rate in pulses every 15-60 min, 6 C-peptide negative diabetic patients received, in random order, identical, but individual, insulin treatment during one 4-day period using the Auto-Syringe pump and another 4-day period using the Medix pump. On the fourth day of each period, blood glucose and plasma-free insulin were estimated every 30 min for 7 hr and every 5 min for the next hour. Plasma-free insulin was significantly higher on 3 time points out of the 26 possible when using the Medix pump, but this was not reflected in the blood glucose concentrations which were similar in the 2 periods. The results indicate that, from a metabolic and pharmacokinetic point of view, insulin pumps working with larger intervals between the basal rate pulses are just as good as the more technically advanced and hence often more expensive pumps which provide the basal rate in more and smaller pulses. PMID- 3905184 TI - Impaired physical fitness and insulin secretion in normoglycaemic subjects with familial aggregation of type 2 diabetes mellitus. AB - Randomized subgroups from a health screening population were reinvestigated with oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) with simultaneous insulin and C-peptide measurements and submaximal exercise tests. Twenty-two normoglycaemic non-obese males with a strong family history of Type 2 diabetes were compared to 51 controls. While glucose levels tended to be somewhat higher, there was a tendency towards lower insulin and C-peptide levels in the hereditary group compared to controls, especially during the early phase of the OGTT, as reflected in a significant difference in the 40 min insulin level and the 0-40 min increment. Estimated maximal oxygen uptake was significantly lower in the hereditary group as were the sum ratios of insulin and C-peptide to glucose in the early phase of the OGTT. Insulin to C-peptide ratios did not differ. The data support both a decreased physical fitness, indicating peripheral insulin insensitivity, and a decreased insulin secretion among normoglycaemic individuals with familial aggregation of Type 2 diabetes. PMID- 3905185 TI - A prospective study of the immunogenicity of porcine insulin in HLA-typed new insulin-treated diabetics. AB - Fifty-four diabetics were started on insulin therapy with highly purified porcine insulin (Velosulin, Insulatard, Mixtard) and treated for at least 1 yr with blood samples drawn at regular intervals for insulin antibody determinations. In 43 patients the insulin antibody response was correlated with HLA A, B, and DR antigens. Approximately half of the patients formed insulin antibodies within 6 months of treatment, and this incidence remained constant for up till 2 yr. In those patients who developed insulin antibodies a plateau of 12% insulin binding capacity was reached after 9-12 months which remained constant for up till 2 yr. Formation of antibodies to proinsulin and pancreatic polypeptide proved completely avoidable, and no local reactions at the injection sites were observed. There was indication of a positive association between HLA DR4 tissue types and the tendency to immune response to injected insulin (p = 0.07). PMID- 3905186 TI - Detection of islet cell surface antibodies using cloned beta cells and comparison of their incidence with that of islet cell cytoplasmic antibodies. AB - We have investigated the occurrence of islet cell antibodies in sera from newly diagnosed patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). For detection of islet cell surface antibodies (ICSA), cloned hamster beta cells (HIT-T15) were used and reaction of antibody with the beta cells was assessed by indirect immunofluorescence or by [125I]-protein A binding; the 2 procedures were shown to give good agreement. The use of HIT-T15 beta cells was validated by demonstration of good correlation between results obtained using HIT-T15 beta cells with those using dispersed rat islet cells. The presence of islet cell cytoplasmic antibodies (ICA) and complement fixing islet cell antibodies (CF-ICA) was assessed by conventional indirect immunofluorescence on unfixed, frozen sections of human pancreas. Of 33 sera from newly-diagnosed diabetics, 21 (64%) were positive for ICSA. In comparison, of 40 control sera only 7 (17%) were ICSA positive. When the diabetic sera were assessed for cytoplasmic antibodies, 20 (60%) were positive for ICA of which half were also positive for CF-ICA. There were 6 IDDM sera which were negative for ICSA but positive for ICA: 7 of the ICSA positive IDDM sera were negative for both ICA and CF-ICA. In 9 IDDM sera, positive reaction was obtained for all 3 types of antibody. All 9 sera positive for CF-ICA were also positive for ICSA. These data confirm the high incidence (greater than 80%) in IDDM sera of antibodies reacting with islet cells. Of these, the ICSA, which appear from the data to be distinct from ICA and CF-ICA, are possibly most relevant to the pathogenesis of IDDM.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3905187 TI - Islet cell antibodies in insulin-dependent (type 1) diabetic children treated with plasmapheresis. AB - Plasma levels of islet cell cytoplasmic and cytotoxic antibodies were determined in 10 children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) treated with plasmapheresis shortly after diagnosis, and in 9 children with IDDM treated by conventional means alone. Islet cell cytoplasmic antibody (ICA) titers were determined by indirect immunofluorescence using unfixed sections of human pancreas, and islet cell cytotoxic antibody levels were determined in a complement-dependent antibody-mediated cytotoxicity (C'AMC) assay using a human fetal cloned insulin-producing cell line (JHPI-1) as target. Before plasmapheresis, ICA was present in 7 out of 10 children and C'AMC was positive in 4. Four successive treatments with plasmapheresis did not consistently decrease plasma levels of ICA or C'AMC. ICA was present in 15 out of the total 19 children at diagnosis, and titers of ICA decreased in 12 out of 15 subjects by at least 1 degree of dilution (1:3) at 18-30 months follow-up, whether or not they had been treated with plasmapheresis; C'AMC was positive in 6 out of the 18 children at diagnosis and decreased in 2 out of 6. Plasma levels of C-peptide did not differ at diagnosis but remained higher in the plasmapheresis treated diabetic children at 3 and 18-30 months follow-up. Neither ICA titers nor C'AMC levels correlated with plasma C-peptide responses at 18-30 months. It is concluded that plasmapheresis decreases ICA and C'AMC but is followed rapidly by a rebound effect, and does not affect the rates at which these islet cell antibodies decrease with increasing duration of IDDM. PMID- 3905188 TI - The influence of erythrocyte age on estimations of erythrocyte insulin binding in healthy children and adults and in conditions with increased erythropoiesis. AB - Insulin binding to erythrocytes was shown to lack any relationship to age-related factors of the erythrocyte such as the pyruvate kinase activity and the reticulocyte count in individuals with a normal erythropoiesis. After density separation of the erythrocytes in both normal adults and children and in individuals with increased erythropoiesis, a correlation to age-factors was evident (pyruvate kinase activity/insulin binding r = 0.59, p less than 0.01, reticulocyte count/insulin binding r = 0.44, p less than 0.01). An estimate of the components of variation in the binding showed that the unexplained variance is 60%. In the density separated samples the insulin binding correlated closer to the pyruvate kinase activity than to the number of reticulocytes. During treatment of haematopoietic diseases in the 4 patients with increased erythropoiesis, the disappearance rate for the reticulocyte count was much faster (T 1/2 = 9 days) than that of the insulin binding to erythrocytes (T 1/2 = 37 days) and that of pyruvate kinase activity (T 1/2 = 36 days). In one patient studied after splenectomy, the decrease in insulin binding paralleled the disappearance curve for 51Cr-tagged erythrocytes. These results suggest that insulin binds to erythrocytes, not only during the reticulocyte stage, but throughout their life span, though the binding, which is very closely related to their pyruvate kinase activity, steadily declines as the erythrocytes age. PMID- 3905189 TI - Effect of age on hepatocyte and soleus muscle insulin receptor binding in lean and genetically obese diabetic (ob/ob) mice. AB - Hepatocyte and soleus muscle insulin binding and the rate of insulin stimulated glycogen synthesis were examined in normal lean and genetically obese diabetic (ob/ob) mice with age. In ob/ob mice a significant decrease in the concentration of high affinity hepatocyte insulin receptors and insulin binding to soleus muscle at 10-20 and 10-40 weeks of age respectively was associated with an age related development of insulin resistance characterized by increased body weight, plasma insulin and plasma glucose. In lean mice a significant reduction in the concentration of low affinity hepatocyte receptors and soleus muscle insulin binding was observed at 60 weeks and associated with a marginally increased plasma insulin concentration and unchanged level of glycaemia. Insulin stimulated glycogen synthesis was unchanged with age in lean mouse soleus muscle but in ob/ob was significantly reduced by 5 weeks and preceded the reduction in insulin binding in this tissue. In 40 week ob/ob mice insulin sensitivity was improved and characterized by a reduction in body weight, plasma insulin and glucose, increased hepatocyte high affinity insulin receptor concentration and decreased affinity, Ke. Although insulin binding to soleus muscle was not increased and there was no improvement in insulin stimulated glycogen synthesis at this age, the increased hepatocyte insulin binding was probably not the primary cause of the improved insulin sensitivity which was most likely mediated at post-receptor loci. PMID- 3905190 TI - Osteonecrosis and fractures following renal transplantation. AB - Skeletal radiological surveys in 161 renal transplant recipients identified 36 patients with 115 lesions of osteonecrosis. A further two patients with osteonecrosis found at autopsy had had no radiographic abnormality. The total incidence of osteonecrosis was, therefore, 38 (24%) out of 161. The lesions were frequently multiple and bilateral with structural failure being the most common initial abnormality and the femoral head the most frequent site. Lesions also occurred in the femoral condyles, the talus, the humeral heads and the metatarsals, many being symptom-free. Calcification was demonstrated in the femoral and tibial shafts. The initial radiological abnormality appeared at a mean interval of 19 months after transplant but could occur as late as 75 months. Significantly fewer patients, three (7%) out of 41, developed osteonecrosis following a low-dose prednisolone regimen (0.8 g) compared with a high-dose group (2.8 g) where 35 (29%) out of 120 were affected. More females than males developed osteonecrosis, but no correlation could be demonstrated with regard to age, primary renal disease, number and type of transplant and duration of dialysis prior to transplant. Osteonecrosis is a complication which can be reduced with a low-dose prednisolone regimen. Most lesions will be demonstrated by radiological survey undertaken during the second and fourth years after transplantation. PMID- 3905191 TI - Serial ultrasound in amoebic liver abscess. AB - Serial ultrasound examinations were conducted in 93 patients with amoebic liver abscess. The initial size of the abscesses ranged from 3 to 17 cm. The time taken for complete healing to occur varied from 10 to 300 days and correlated directly with the initial size of the abscess cavity. As healing progressed, the abscess cavity became increasingly hypoechoic and assumed a smoother margin. In uncomplicated cases, complete healing occurred and, on ultrasound, no residual lesions were seen in the liver. There were two cases each of delayed healing and recurrence of amoebic liver abscess and the value of ultrasound in these situations is discussed. Ultrasound examination of the liver appears to be very suitable for assessing satisfactory progress of healing in amoebic liver abscess. PMID- 3905192 TI - Ultrasound of the breast in the symptomatic and X-ray dense breast. AB - Our preliminary experience of direct-contact B-scan sonomammography in 500 patients is recorded and is compared with X-ray mammography. The technique has been of considerable value in the radiologically dense breast and, since standard equipment can be used, the practice should become more widespread, in the anticipation that identification and exclusion of malignancy can be increased above that achievable by X-ray mammography alone. PMID- 3905193 TI - Spina bifida occulta: lesion or anomaly? AB - Failure of fusion of the posterior arches of the lumbosacral spine above S3 was sought on frontal radiographs of 653 patients attending an accident and emergency (A & E) department. The patients were aged from 2 months to 98 years and represent all those with relevant information discharged as A & E outpatients over a 2-year period. Presenting complaints of backache or enuresis and inadequate radiographs were excluded. Spina bifida occulta was diagnosed in 22% of the whole group. The incidence was much higher in those below the age of 40 years (29.2%) compared with those above (9.8%). The overall age-adjusted incidence was 17.3%. Our study is an attempt to judge the off-the-street' prevalence of spina bifida occulta. It supports the notion that spina bifida occulta is a common anomaly, of no clinical significance on its own. PMID- 3905194 TI - Pulmonary digital subtraction angiography: a screening tool for vascular lung lesions. AB - Pulmonary digital subtraction angiography offers a further method of distinguishing vascular from avascular lesions in the lung. The computerised (digitised) recording allows versatility of data manipulation and post-processing and is of particular value in identifying a vascular component in complex lung masses. In the five cases described, digital subtraction angiography provided useful information; in three, it was the definitive diagnostic procedure. PMID- 3905195 TI - Biliary tract dilatation without jaundice demonstrated by ultrasound. AB - Upper abdominal ultrasonic examination demonstrated dilated bile ducts in eight patients with no history of jaundice and a normal serum bilirubin. All were proven subsequently to have extrahepatic biliary obstruction. It is important to recognise that ultrasound may be more sensitive than serum bilirubin in the diagnosis of extrahepatic biliary obstruction. PMID- 3905196 TI - Cystic fibrosis: ultrasonographic findings in the pancreas and hepatobiliary system correlated with clinical data and pathology. AB - Abdominal ultrasonography was performed on 35 adult patients with proven cystic fibrosis. Thirty-three patients showed pancreatic abnormalities. The most marked ultrasonographic features were increased parenchymal echogenicity, atrophy, non visualisation of the duct and cyst formation. There was no correlation between these features and the severity of the pulmonary disease, the age of the patient, weight or glucose intolerance. Abnormalities of the biliary tract were demonstrated in nine (26%) patients and were associated with poor nutritional status. Multivariate analysis revealed a significant association between the following: hepatomegaly, increased liver echogenicity, splenomegaly, biliary disease; secondly, between lung function and serum albumin. Ultrasonography is useful in showing organ morphology but not in assessing disease severity. PMID- 3905197 TI - Adreno-cortical carcinoma in infancy and childhood: a radiological report of ten cases. AB - Adreno-cortical carcinoma is a relatively rare neoplasm in infancy and childhood. This review, covering a period of 18 years (1965-83), revealed 10 cases, the study being prompted by three patients in whom the final diagnosis was considerably delayed. There were eight females and two males and their ages ranged from 6 months to 14 years; 50% were below the age of 18 months at the time of the presentation. Seven patients had features of either virilism or precocious puberty and three of these also had stigmas of Cushing's syndrome. In patients where the endocrine disturbance was evident, the clinical diagnosis was made rapidly. However, delay in diagnosis occurred when endocrinopathy was absent. Radiology, including newer methods of imaging, contributed by revealing the tumour and its spread but did not suggest a conclusive diagnosis. At times, clinical features, biochemical findings, radiological investigations and even histological studies mislead, thus delaying the final diagnosis. These cases are illustrated and discussed. PMID- 3905198 TI - Compensatory renal hypertrophy after donor nephrectomy. AB - Renal length was measured radiographically in 65 living kidney donors, aged 27-69 years, who had undergone unilateral nephrectomy during the past 20 years. In 34 of these subjects, pre- and post-operative kidney length, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and blood pressure were available for analysis. Male donors developed greater compensatory hypertrophy than female donors. The extent of renal enlargement correlated negatively with the age of the subject at the time of nephrectomy and with the current mean arterial blood pressure. However, no correlation was found between the percentage change in renal length and either GFR or time since nephrectomy. PMID- 3905199 TI - Comparison of venous digital subtraction angiography and aortography in patients with peripheral vascular disease of the lower limbs. AB - Twenty-eight patients referred for peripheral vascular imaging were investigated by both venous digital subtraction angiography and conventional aortography. A comparison of the two techniques revealed that, in the femoral region, venous digital subtraction angiography demonstrated all the abnormalities shown by aortography but missed three major and eight minor stenoses in the iliac region, due largely to bowel artefacts. PMID- 3905200 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging in the assessment of unusual abdominal aortic aneurysms. AB - Ultrasound and computed tomography (CT) have become primary methods of evaluating patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms. Arteriography may be necessary for further assessment. We have recently investigated two patients with complicated abdominal aortic aneurysms, one patient with Marfan's syndrome and the other with Behcet's disease. The initial diagnosis in both cases was made by ultrasound, but CT was inconclusive and aortography was contraindicated in both patients. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging was performed to see if further information could be obtained. This technique was useful in both cases, with elegant demonstration of the anatomy. PMID- 3905201 TI - Pulmonary sequestration: the value of ultrasound. AB - A child presented with a chest infection. A chest radiograph showed consolidation in the left lung base. This failed to clear in spite of adequate antibiotic therapy. Ultrasound examination (real-time) suggested pulmonary sequestration, and an aberrant blood supply was demonstrated. Subsequent angiography, surgery and pathological examination of the resected segment confirmed this. PMID- 3905202 TI - Radiological appearances of hydatid disease of the liver. PMID- 3905203 TI - Bronchospasm following intravenous injection of ionic and non-ionic low osmolality contrast media. AB - Eighty patients were given either intravenous Hexabrix 320 or Niopam 300 for urography, and any bronchospastic effect was assessed by measurement of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1). No significant difference between pre- and post injection FEV1 was shown with either contrast medium. Minor side-effects were comparable, the only significant difference between the two being the higher incidence of nausea and vomiting with Hexabrix 320. PMID- 3905204 TI - Diagnosis and hydrostatic reduction of an intussusception under ultrasound guidance. AB - A case of ileo-colic intussusception with successful hydrostatic reduction under ultrasound guidance is reported. This has not been described previously in the literature. PMID- 3905205 TI - Cerebral embolus as a complication of streptokinase therapy. PMID- 3905206 TI - Extracellular elastolytic activity in human lung lavage: a comparative study between smokers and non-smokers. AB - Unrestrained proteolysis in the lung is believed to initiate emphysema, a disease common among tobacco smokers. However, few studies have found extracellular protease activity in human lung lavage. In this investigation, elastase and serine protease activities were measured in bronchoalveolar lavage supernatants (BAL) from patients undergoing routine investigations. Significantly more elastolytic activity (against insoluble [3H]-elastin) was recovered in the lavage of smokers than that of non-smokers. However, no significant difference was found when the levels of serine proteolytic activity (against N-succinyl-L-trialanyl-p nitroanilide) were compared. The elastolytic component of the protease activity rose from 5% in non-smokers' BAL to over 30% in that of smokers, suggesting that elastase activity is selectively enhanced by smoking. In lavages from most smokers, 80% or more of the elastase activity was serine-dependent, whereas lavages from non-smokers contained variable proportions of serine elastase. Both alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor (alpha 1-PI) and a low molecular weight antiprotease, bronchial mucus proteinase inhibitor (BMPI) were detectable in the lavage samples, the latter contributing up to 76% of the total antiprotease quantified in the lavage. Functional antiprotease was detected in 85% of the lavages. Since there were no differences in either antiprotease levels or functional inhibitory capacities between lavages from smokers and controls, it is concluded that the imbalance in the protease/antiprotease profile of the smokers' lung results from an enhancement of proteases, specifically of elastolytic activity, rather than a reduction in inhibitory capacity. PMID- 3905207 TI - Effects of small-particle aerosols of local anaesthetic on dyspnoea in patients with respiratory disease. AB - This study was devised to test the hypothesis that dyspnoea could be mediated by unmyelinated vagal sensory nerve endings (type J receptors) situated at alveolar level in the lung. A modified jet nebulizer was used to generate an aerosol of local anaesthetic in particles small enough to allow alveolar deposition. Lignocaine (2% and 5%) produced aerosols with an arithmetic mean diameter (+/- SD) of 1.5 +/- 0.3 and 1.2 +/- 0.6 micron respectively, the mass median diameters being 1.7 (geometric standard deviation = 1.2) and 2.5 (geometric standard deviation = 1.7) micron respectively. In experimental animal models a vagally mediated tachypnoea may be induced acutely by pulmonary microembolism. This response is known to be mediated by unmyelinated pulmonary afferent nerves in the vagus. Local anaesthetic agents administered as small particles, but not as large particles, obtunded this response, which suggests that the aerosol was capable of penetration to alveolar level. Upon this background, a clinical study was designed to compare the effects of lignocaine with placebo both given as small particle aerosols. Six patients, including two with diffuse alveolar pathology and four with chronic airflow obstruction, were studied. Respiratory frequency was determined before and after the aerosol, and exercise tolerance and breathlessness were measured with a 6 min walking test and visual analogue scales. After lignocaine there was no clinical evidence of anaesthesia of the upper airways but bronchoconstriction occurred. While no overall effect of lignocaine on dyspnoea was apparent, individual patients showed some evidence of benefit.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3905208 TI - Measurement of blood cortisol and acid output in patients with duodenal ulceration and normal subjects during insulin hypoglycaemia. AB - The blood cortisol and gastric acid responses to insulin hypoglycaemia were investigated in 18 healthy control subjects and 14 patients with endoscopically proven duodenal ulceration. In both controls and patients, insulin hypoglycaemia caused blood cortisol and acid output to rise and peak simultaneously, the rises being significantly greater in patients with duodenal ulcer than in control subjects. The peak acid output and the base to peak cortisol increments were also found to be significantly greater in patients with duodenal ulcer than in control subjects (P less than 0.001 and P less than 0.005 respectively). We conclude that insulin hypoglycaemia causes stimulation of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems and of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis, resulting in the simultaneous elevation of gastric juice acidity and blood cortisol levels. We have shown that synchronous rises in gastric acid and blood cortisol occur during insulin hypoglycaemia and that these rises are greater in patients with duodenal ulcer. PMID- 3905209 TI - Prolonged survival of rat renal allografts after multiple allogeneic pregnancies: strain specificity and role of erythrocyte antibody rosette inhibiting antibodies. AB - The influence of allogeneic pregnancies on the survival of subsequent rat renal allografts was investigated in three rat strain combinations. Multiple but not single pregnancies produced significantly more long-term surviving kidney grafts than were found in virgin animals; the effect was specific for paternal antigens, as multiple pregnancies by an unrelated strain did not prolong kidney graft survival. In the multiparous groups, those animals with long-surviving grafts had significantly higher levels of non-cytotoxic antibodies against paternal strain B lymphocytes (detected by the erythrocyte antibody rosette inhibition assay) than did animals which rejected their grafts. The results show that multiple pregnancies may produce a state of specific unresponsiveness to paternal antigens, similar to enhancement, which is marked by the presence of non cytotoxic antibodies against paternal B-lymphocytes. It is suggested, therefore, that enhancement may be one of the protective mechanisms which prevent rejection of the fetus during pregnancy. PMID- 3905210 TI - Effect of bromocriptine treatment on prolactin, noradrenaline and blood pressure in hypertensive haemodialysis patients. AB - Bromocriptine (2.5 mg/day orally) produced a significant fall in supine mean arterial pressure in nine hypertensive haemodialysis patients with high serum prolactin levels, without causing significant changes in heart rate. On bromocriptine, there was a significant decrease in the mean value of both serum prolactin and plasma noradrenaline, without significant changes in the mean value of plasma renin activity. A significant relationship was found between the changes in supine plasma noradrenaline and the changes in supine mean arterial pressure induced by bromocriptine. The increase in mean arterial pressure in response to the tilt test was greater on bromocriptine than on placebo although the changes in plasma noradrenaline were reduced by bromocriptine. Similar results were observed during the cold pressor test. These findings suggest that the arterial pressure-lowering effect of bromocriptine is related to the reduction in sympathetic out-flow. The parallel decrease in serum prolactin raises the question of the possible involvement of dopaminergic mechanisms in the development of hypertension in our patients. Moreover, bromocriptine seems to enhance the vascular response to endogenous noradrenaline. PMID- 3905211 TI - Blood pressure and dietary polyunsaturated and saturated fats: a controlled trial. AB - Fifty-four healthy, omnivore normotensive volunteers aged 20-59 years were randomly allocated either to a control group eating a low polyunsaturated to saturated fat ratio (P/S ratio) diet (0.3) throughout, or to one of two experimental groups eating a high P/S ratio diet (1.0) for one of two 6-week experimental periods. Changes in other components were avoided. Twenty-four hour diet records showed substantial changes in the P/S ratio for experimental groups when on the high P/S ratio diet (0.3 to 1.0). There were significant increases in relative concentrations of linoleic acid in plasma phospholipids when on the high P/S ratio diet. There was no consistent effect of dietary P/S ratio elevation from 0.3 to 1.0 on group mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures. Adjustment of blood pressure changes for changes in electrolytes, other dietary components, plasma lipids, weight and other lifestyle variables did not alter this result. It was concluded that the blood pressure lowering effect of a vegetarian diet reported previously was unlikely to have been due to changes in dietary P/S ratio. PMID- 3905213 TI - Alcohol withdrawal and hypertension: evidence for a kidney abnormality. PMID- 3905212 TI - Role of the renal nerves in modulating renin release during pressure reduction at the feline kidney. AB - Experiments were undertaken in pentobarbitone-anaesthetized cats to determine how reflex activation of the renal nerves altered the responsiveness of the kidney to release renin during reductions in renal perfusion pressure. Reflex activation of the renal nerves was achieved by reducing carotid sinus perfusion pressure by 30 mmHg, which increased systemic blood pressure. During this period renal perfusion pressure was regulated at control levels and neither renal blood flow nor glomerular filtration rate changed, but there was a significant decrease in sodium excretion and increase in renin secretion. Renal denervation abolished both these latter responses. Renal perfusion pressure reduction, by 25-30 mmHg, had no effect on renal blood flow or glomerular filtration rate but significantly decreased sodium excretion and increased renin secretion. Simultaneous reduction of carotid sinus and renal perfusion pressures had no effect on renal blood flow or glomerular filtration rate, decreased sodium excretion, and the magnitude of the increase in renin secretion was significantly greater than that obtained with reduction in renal perfusion pressure alone. Renal denervation abolished the increase in renin secretion during these manoeuvres. During atenolol administration, renal haemodynamics and sodium excretion responses to renal pressure reduction were similar to those obtained in the absence of the drug. Renin secretion was increased, but significantly less than in the absence of atenolol. Simultaneous carotid sinus and renal pressure reductions during atenolol administration had no effect on renal haemodynamics, reduced sodium excretion and increased renin secretion, the magnitude of which was significantly greater than that recorded with only renal pressure reduction in the presence of atenolol. Direct electrical stimulation of the renal nerves, at frequencies which caused a 5-10% reduction in renal blood flow, did not change glomerular filtration rate, decreased sodium excretion by 30% and increased the rate of renin secretion twofold. In the presence of atenolol, such renal nerve stimulation reduced renal blood flow to the same degree, did not change filtration rate, decreased sodium excretion by 37% but did not change renin secretion. These results show that the magnitude of the release of renin in response to renal pressure reduction is dependent on activity within the renal nerves, being blunted after denervation, and enhanced during reflex activation of the renal nerves. PMID- 3905214 TI - The role of phagocytes in inflammatory bowel disease. PMID- 3905215 TI - Renal adaptation and gut hormone release during sodium restriction in ileostomized man. AB - The renal excretion of water, electrolytes, aldosterone and kallikrein was monitored in 12 ileostomized patients before and during sodium deprivation. Changes in plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma aldosterone and plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP) concentrations were measured, together with aldosterone in ileal fluid. The pattern of gut peptide release in response to a test meal was also examined to assess whether a circulating gut peptide might be involved in the renal adaptation to sodium restriction, and compared with healthy normal subjects who were under no dietary constraint. In each patient renal sodium excretion fell within 8-12 h of sodium deprivation and was associated with a prompt and significant rise in PRA; much later increases in plasma aldosterone concentration and renal aldosterone excretion occurred, and were established by day 2 of sodium restriction. No consistent change in renal kallikrein excretion was found. Ileal sodium loss was little changed by sodium deprivation, but ileal potassium concentration rose steadily and became significantly correlated with PRA, and to a lesser extent with renal aldosterone excretion. Of the gut peptides measured in plasma, only the insulin profile was altered by sodium deprivation, with an increase in the test meal response; insulin has previously been shown to have a significant antinatriuretic action at physiological concentrations. Plasma levels of pancreatic polypeptide and motilin were increased in ileostomized patients when compared with normal subjects, but were unaffected by the change to a low sodium diet. An early increase in urine flow and water diuresis occurred during sodium deprivation, following a cyclical pattern with peaks each evening.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3905216 TI - The pre-thrombotic state. PMID- 3905217 TI - Dietary fish oil prevents dexamethasone induced hypertension in the rat. AB - This study was designed to examine the effect of dexamethasone treatment on tissue and urinary prostanoids, and to determine whether inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis by manipulation of dietary fatty acids accelerates the development of glucocorticoid hypertension. Forty-eight rats were placed on either a 2-series prostaglandin 'inhibitory' diet (cod liver oil/linseed oil) or a control diet of saturated fat for an initial period of 4 weeks. The groups were then divided into two so that half of each received dexamethasone in their drinking water (2.5 mg/l) for 1 week whilst continuing their respective dietary regimens. Rats on the cod liver oil diet incorporated eicosapentaenoic acid into tissue stores with a corresponding decrease in arachidonic acid, and significantly impaired ability to generate serum thromboxane B2 (33%), aortic 6 oxo-prostaglandin F1 alpha (44%), renal homogenate prostaglandin E2 (45%) and 6 oxo-prostaglandin F1 alpha (74%) and urinary prostaglandin E2 (84%) and 6-oxo prostaglandin F1 alpha (79%). Despite the diminished levels of vasodilator 2 series prostaglandins, the cod liver oil diet prevented the development of glucocorticoid induced hypertension. Relative to their respective dietary controls, dexamethasone treatment resulted in decreased serum thromboxane B2 (20%) but increased aortic 6-oxo-prostaglandin F1 alpha (186%), renal homogenate prostaglandins (127-230%) and urinary excretion of prostaglandin E2 (640-860%) and 6-oxo-prostaglandin F1 alpha (230-365%) in both dietary groups. It therefore seems unlikely that glucocorticoid induced hypertension is a consequence of inhibition of vasodilator prostaglandin synthesis. PMID- 3905218 TI - Double-blind preference and compliance multicentre study in osteoarthritis: once a-day treatment. AB - Two-hundred-and-three female patients (mean age: 58 yrs; SD: 8.2 yrs) suffering from osteoarthritis entered this late phase IV multicentre, stratified according to previous therapy (e.g. ketoprofen, naproxen, aspirin, indomethacin or indoprofen), randomized, double-blind, between within-patient trial of 2-week duration. Each patient received either diclofenac SR 100 mg/day (D), piroxicam 20 mg/day (P), or placebo (P1 by oral route. Clinical evaluation (functional class; pain assessment; osteoarthritic condition; joint motility and stiffness) was performed at entry, as well as after the first and the second week. Patient compliance and reported signs and symptoms were recorded after the first week and at the end of the trial. Patient preference, as regards previous therapy, and global evaluation (both by the physicians and the patients) were checked at the end of the trial. The clinical evaluation showed a superiority of D and P over P1. No difference was seen between the two active drugs. Placebo effect was very strong. Global evaluation was significantly in favour of D and P. Patient compliance was extremely good (greater than or equal to 95%). Diclofenac was preferred to naproxen, aspirin and indomethacin, while piroxicam and placebo were preferred only to aspirin. The tolerability of the two active drugs was good and comparable. A significantly lower number of patients complaining of unwanted effects (u.e.) was detected in the placebo group. The number of patients withdrawn for u.e. was similar in the three trial groups. PMID- 3905219 TI - Serum beta 2-microglobulin in systemic sclerosis. AB - The role of beta 2 microglobulin (beta 2-m) in Systemic Sclerosis (SS) has been evaluated. Twenty-four female patients have been examined: 15 of them were affected by acrosclerosis (Group 1) and 9 of them by diffuse sclerosis (Group 2). 46.6% of Group 1 and 44.4% of Group 2 had values significantly higher than normal controls. (P less than 0.01 and P less than 0.005 respectively). The authors deal with the validity of the use of B2-m as index of inflammatory activity of the disease. PMID- 3905221 TI - [Clinical use of josamycin in comparison with erythromycin in respiratory and urinary tract infections]. PMID- 3905220 TI - Insulin and new bone formation in diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis. AB - The tendency of patients with DISH towards obesity or an adult onset of diabetes has been reflected in marked hyperinsulinaemia following glucose challenge. It is hypothesized that insulin at prolonged and high physiologic levels promotes new bone growth, particularly in the entheseal regions. These areas are also subject to various mechanical forces. The resulting new bone produces the radiological changes which characterise DISH. PMID- 3905222 TI - [Comparative open study between proglumetacin and diclofenac in the treatment of arthrosis of the hip and the knee]. PMID- 3905223 TI - [Use of piracetam in the treatment of cranial injuries. Observations on 903 cases]. PMID- 3905224 TI - [Clinical study of the therapeutic efficacy and tolerance of acetylcysteine administered orally once a day in the treatment of bronchopneumopathies]. PMID- 3905225 TI - [Pharmacologic interaction of amiodarone with other drugs]. PMID- 3905226 TI - Identification of Vibrio vulnificus by indirect immunofluorescence. AB - A rapid, sensitive, and specific indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) procedure is described for identifying Vibrio vulnificus. Reference antisera were prepared by vaccinating rabbits with surface antigen preparations of V. vulnificus, and the antisera were examined for the ability to react with and serologically group 85 isolates of V. vulnificus grown in heart infusion broth, and to detect V. vulnificus in tissue specimens from mice experimentally infected with a virulent isolate of the bacterium. The antisera detected 100% of the V. vulnificus isolates examined and gave false-positive results in approximately 0.9% of 445 IIF tests performed with non-V. vulnificus clinical isolates. V. vulnificus also was detected in frozen tissue sections from infected mice; however, the most easily observed positive results were obtained by examining V. vulnificus from lesion specimens and blood cultured briefly in heart infusion broth. The bacteria in 2-hr-old cultures of local lesions fluoresced brilliantly and were easily detectable. The IIF procedure could be of value in rapidly diagnosing fulminating and potentially fatal human disease caused by V. vulnificus. PMID- 3905227 TI - Discrepancies in fluorescent antibody, counterimmunoelectrophoresis, and Neufeld test for typing of Streptococcus pneumoniae. AB - The techniques of fluorescent antibody (FA) and counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE) were compared with the Neufeld test (quellung reaction) for typing of Streptococcus pneumoniae. A total of 88 isolates were examined by these three methods. Pool-, type-, or group-specific pneumococcal antisera were used in all three methods. Each isolate was initially tested with polyvalent antisera and all of the nine pools of antisera. Selection of the type- or group-specific antisera depended upon the reaction of the isolate with the pool sera. Sixty-eight of 88 (77.3%) isolates were positive using pool or typing sera and were correctly typed by CIE, while FA was found to be accurate for only 61 of 88 (69.3%) isolates. Positive reactions with more than one pool- or type-specific antisera, or no reaction, were seen with several of the isolates with both techniques. Even though CIE and FA are rapid and simple techniques, microbiologists should be cautious when utilizing them for typing of S. pneumoniae because of the discrepancies observed in this study. PMID- 3905228 TI - Automated instrument approaches to clinical microbiology. AB - The introduction of instrumentation into clinical microbiology has resulted in increased standardization and to some extent more rapid processing of specimens and reporting of results. The application of available instrumentation to direct specimen processing may provide more rapid detection, identification, and susceptibility testing results on selected specimens. The feasibility of this approach to the processing of sterile body fluids, blood, urine, and respiratory specimens is discussed. PMID- 3905229 TI - An assessment of available rapid immunologic diagnostic methods. AB - A critical evaluation of immunologic methods for diagnosis is presented. The issues of antibody versus antigen detection are addressed. Reverse capture immunoglobulin M detection is described as a potentially useful method. Agglutination procedures currently in use for antigen detection are summarized. Comparative evaluations of commercially available products are presented. The final issue discussed is that of enzyme immunoassay versus fluorescent antibody microscopy. Using Chlamydia detection as an example, advantages and disadvantages of each technology are assessed. PMID- 3905230 TI - Rapid methods in clinical microbiology. Clinical situations in which rapid methods may best be applied. AB - Utilization of rapid microbiologic methods could improve both the quality of patient care and help to reduce patient health care costs through more efficient patient management. Medically urgent situations such as meningitis, endocarditis, bacteremia, some soft tissue infections, ocular infections, and pneumonia in immunocompromised hosts are obvious areas for application of rapid methods. However, efficient management of outpatient infections such as group A streptococcal pharyngitis, bacteriuria, diarrhea, and sexually transmitted diseases could also benefit from rapid test results. Rapid methods for detection of slow growing or unculturable microorganisms represent a promising area for development of new test methodologies. Realization of the potential of various rapid microbiology tests, however, requires that several difficult questions be addressed. Acceptable test rapidity and accuracy must be established by concensus of microbiologists and clinicians. Moreover, new approaches to reduce total test turn-around time and novel means to facilitate physician use of rapid test results must be sought in the immediate future. PMID- 3905231 TI - Methods for rapid transmission of microbiology reports. AB - Rapid microbiologic testing is of value to the clinician only to the extent that these results are reported in an equally rapid fashion. This paper discusses an approach where both manual and automated results are transmitted via a laboratory computer system as soon as they are generated in the laboratory. For the Vitek AutoMicrobic System, on-line interfaces have been developed; this system operates in a manner similar to instruments in clinical chemistry or hematology laboratories. Systems for on-line editing of bacterial identification and antimicrobial susceptibility data are also discussed. It is concluded that computer systems capable of accomplishing instantaneous transfer of traditional and rapid microbiologic results are available and such systems are operating in some clinical microbiology laboratories. PMID- 3905232 TI - Critical appraisal of the clinical relevance of rapid diagnosis in pediatrics. AB - To assess the potential impact of rapid diagnostic tests on the care of the pediatric patient a critical evaluation of the antigen detection tests currently available for two important pediatric diseases--Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis and group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis--is presented. Antigen detection tests for Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis are of value primarily as an adjunct to traditional procedures, whereas antigen detection tests for the rapid diagnosis of group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis could, in the near future, replace the blood agar culture. This comparison demonstrates that the evaluation of a new diagnostic test should include not only a determination of its accuracy, but, in addition, a determination of its advantages over current methods, the frequency with which the test will be performed, the consequences of a false-negative or false-positive test result, and the potential impact on patient care resulting from use of the test. PMID- 3905233 TI - Screening tests and "rapid" identification. Is anybody out there listening? AB - The responses by 55 of 300 physicians queried at the University Hospital, Cincinnati, to an extensive questionnaire, form the basis for this comment on the clinical impact of screening tests and rapid identification. Examination and interpretation of smears of fluids and tissue were felt to provide useful data within a short time of specimen collection and the majority of physician respondents were willing to sacrifice some degree of accuracy in results in return for an answer delivered shortly after specimen submission. Screening for bacteriuria was felt to be useful if the test was sensitive enough to rule out infection as suggested by the presence of approximately 10,000 CFU/ml of urine, if results could be had within 1 hr of specimen collection for outpatients, 2 hr for inpatients, and if test results for pyuria accompanied the screen results. The value of taxonomy, in general, was directly related to how much knowing the taxon would direct antibiotic therapy. The time required for a taxonomic result seemed to matter only when susceptibility test results were either delayed or not forthcoming. Interest in the taxonomy of anaerobic bacteria appeared to be limited to a small group of physician respondents (infectious disease specialists) and also was relative to the ability of the taxonomic designation to evoke a specific therapeutic regimen. In summary, the impact of microbiologic data on the practice of medicine appears to depend on the ability of the laboratory to complete the entire test process, from order to transmission of answer, within a time frame perceived to be useful by the clinician.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3905234 TI - Means to facilitate physician acceptance and use of rapid test results. AB - Rapid testing methods can have a positive impact on patient care and help ease the mounting economical pressures facing clinical microbiology laboratories. Rapid test reporting, the validation of rapid test procedures and results, and physician acceptance and use of these tests are among the 10 categorical measures outlined to help laboratories optimize productivity, efficiency, and economic and patient-care impact. PMID- 3905235 TI - Rapid methods in clinical microbiology. Rapid methods. Overview and prospects for the future. AB - The field of infectious diseases covers many entities that can be considered true medical emergencies. Included are meningitis, brain abscess, spinal epidural abscess, epiglottitis, pneumonia, bacteremia, endocarditis, certain intraabdominal infections, gas gangrene, and necrotizing fasciitis. Because emergencies related to infectious agents are potentially the most readily reversible of all medical emergencies, it behooves us to diagnose them as rapidly and specifically as possible so that appropriate life-saving therapy may be begun expeditiously. This article reviews and summarizes the presentations of others in this issue and presents views on future prospects in the rapid diagnosis of infectious diseases. PMID- 3905236 TI - Manual approaches to rapid microbiology results. AB - Rapid generation of microbiology results does not require sophisticated automated instruments. Many common laboratory procedures, such as microscopic examination of clinical specimens, use of manual screening tests, macroscopic examination of isolated colonies, and performance of rapid biochemical tests, can provide the physician with clinically useful information. These tests are neither expensive nor time-consuming and should be used routinely to generate rapid test results. PMID- 3905237 TI - [Laboratory diagnosis of respiratory diseases of cattle]. AB - The authors describe the procedure of laboratory diagnosis for bovine respiratory diseases: direct diagnosis by isolation and for identification of bacteria or viruses and indirect diagnosis by serological methods. They specify the restraints and limits of this diagnosis and the significance results which are obtained and connected with knowledge of anamnestic information. PMID- 3905238 TI - Role of outer membrane proteins in immunity against murine salmonellosis--1. Antibody response to crude outer membrane proteins of Salmonella typhimurium. AB - The humoral immune response to crude outer membrane proteins (comp) of S. typhimurium in mice has been characterized. Maximal and quicker antibody response was observed when 50 micrograms of comp was injected intraperitoneally. The comp of smooth C5 strain of S. typhimurium evoked antibody response to both lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and proteins. Absorption of these sera with LPS coated erythrocytes eliminated the antibodies to LPS completely, while the antibody level to protein was left unaltered. The comp from rough mutant (lacking O specific chain of LPS) of S. typhimurium elicited antibodies to proteins but not to LPS. These results indicate the concomitant production of antibodies to Salmonella outer membrane proteins also. The significance of such antibodies in protection and diagnosis has been discussed. PMID- 3905239 TI - Carcinoma of the breast behind a prosthesis--comparison of ultrasound, mammography and MRI (case report). AB - Silicone prostheses are known to impair the diagnostic evaluation of the breast. The authors report about a case of a small carcinoma of the breast, which was examined by MRI, ultrasound and mammography. The diagnostic capabilities of these imaging modalities are discussed and MRI is presented as a new possible tool for an improved evaluation of breasts with silicone implants. PMID- 3905240 TI - Delayed and occult splenic rupture. AB - Four patients with delayed splenic rupture were evaluated by CT or US and liver spleen scan. The cases and radiographic findings and their significance are presented. The importance of this entity, in light of recent surgical trends, is discussed. PMID- 3905241 TI - Did schizophrenia exist before the eighteenth century? PMID- 3905242 TI - An approach to removable partial denture design. PMID- 3905244 TI - The sublingual bar: planning and realization. PMID- 3905245 TI - Laboratory light-cured composite resins: a clinical study. Part II. PMID- 3905243 TI - The apical push: hermetic seal enhancement using lateral condensation into warm gutta-percha. PMID- 3905246 TI - The significance of crevicular fluid. PMID- 3905247 TI - Skin contact with gold and gold alloys. AB - 3 types of reaction to gold merit discussion. First, there is the effect known as black dermographism, in which stroking with certain metals immediately produces well-defined black lines on the skin. Some gold alloys are amongst such metals. The evidence indicates that the effect is the result of impregnation of the skin with black metallic particles generated by mechanical abrasion of the metal by contaminants of the skin. There is no positive and unequivocal evidence of the ability of metals to mark uncontaminated skin so rapidly that it is possible to write upon it. Secondly there are the 2 related phenomena of the wear of gold jewelry, and the susceptibility to certain individuals to blackening of the skin where it is in contact with such jewelry. The occurrence of smudge, as it is often called, is not very common, but is brought to the attention of most jewelers from time to time. In extreme cases it may make it embarrassing for the person concerned to wear metallic jewelry. It would appear as if gold smudge also results mainly from mechanical abrasion of jewelry, though this may be aided and/or supplemented in some instances by corrosion of gold or gold alloy induced by certain components of the sweat. Finally, there is the question of true allergic responses to contact of the skin with gold and its alloys. Judging from the very few cases which have been recorded, such responses are extremely rare. Some recent observations on the reactions of metallic gold with amino acids and of reaction to contact of the skin with gold on the part of rheumatoid arthritis patients undergoing gold therapy, are, however, relevant in this connection. PMID- 3905248 TI - Drug information update: Hartford Hospital. Nalbuphine. PMID- 3905249 TI - Immunobiology of the decidual tissue. PMID- 3905251 TI - Ovarian cancer: immunologic diagnosis and therapy. PMID- 3905250 TI - Immune and immunogenetic mechanisms in infertility. PMID- 3905252 TI - Levels and nature of immunoregulatory mechanisms in pregnancy. PMID- 3905253 TI - Antigen expression by human trophoblast and tumour cells: models for gene regulation? PMID- 3905254 TI - Structure and transcription of eukaryotic tRNA genes. AB - The availability of cloned tRNA genes and a variety of eukaryotic in vitro transcription systems allowed rapid progress during the past few years in the characterization of signals in the DNA-controlling gene transcription and in the processing of the precurser RNAs formed. This will be the subject matter discussed in this review. PMID- 3905255 TI - Curved DNA. AB - A priori considerations and the concept of the sequence-dependent local curving of the DNA axis. Experimental evidence: electric dichroism (relaxation time measurements); anomalous electrophoretic mobility and gel-filtration of some restriction fragments of DNA; one-sided binding of the nucleosomal DNA to the mica surface. Theoretical predictions concerning the nucleotide sequences of the curved DNA. Discovery of the dinucleotide periodicity in the chromatin DNA. The sequence periodicity as a tool for mapping of the nucleosomes along the sequences. Preferential binding of the histone octamers to the curved pieces of DNA--sequence analysis predictions and comparison with experiments: Theoretical and experimental estimates of the tilt and roll angles for different combinations of the neighboring base-pairs. Inherent sequence-dependent curvature and apparent persistence length of DNA. PMID- 3905256 TI - Positron emission tomography. AB - Positron computed tomography allows for the in vivo measurement of the regional tissue concentration of positron-emitting radionuclides such as 15O, 11C, 13N, and 18F. By using different tracers, a variety of metabolic processes can be quantitated. These include blood flow, oxygen utilization, glucose utilization, amino acid transport, blood volume, cation exchange, pH, and others. This review will contain three sections. First, the principles of positron computed tomography and the progress in instrumentation will be discussed. Second, tracer models will be analyzed. These models are vital in the extraction of physiological data from the measurements of activity. Finally, clinical studies will be evaluated in terms of new pathophysiological information obtained. PMID- 3905257 TI - Brainstem auditory-evoked potentials. AB - Brainstem auditory-evoked potentials (BAEPs) are generated in the ear and brainstem nuclei of the ascending auditory pathways following a transient acoustic stimulus. Because they can be recorded noninvasively in humans, BAEPs have a number of clinical and research applications. This paper reviews the properties of BAEPs, with particular emphasis on those characteristics that are relevant to the acquisition and analysis of the responses. Theories of the neural origins of the responses are reviewed. The dependence of the responses on the stimulus waveform and the problem of stimulus artifact are considered. Then, origins of the background noise are discussed, and the use of linear filtering and methods of artifact detection to improve the signal-to-noise ratio are reviewed. Finally, the problem of identifying parameters to quantify the responses is considered. The definition of response components in terms of response peaks and data on intra- and intersubject variability are reviewed, and the use of algorithms to measure parameters is discussed. PMID- 3905258 TI - Failure of the colloid oncotic-pulmonary artery wedge pressure gradient to predict changes in extravascular lung water. AB - Colloid oncotic pressure (COP), pulmonary artery wedge pressure (WP), and the COP WP gradient were measured in seven critically ill adult patients and compared with extravascular lung water determined using the thermal-dye double-indicator dilution technique and a bedside lung water computer. Correlation coefficients for changes in extravascular lung water vs. COP, WP, and COP-WP were not significant, and in this patient population the COP-WP gradient did not predict changes in extravascular lung water. PMID- 3905259 TI - Arterial blood gas derived variables as estimates of intrapulmonary shunt in critically ill children. AB - Oxygen transport data, prospectively collected from 52 critically ill children, were analyzed to determine whether any derived variable accurately estimated intrapulmonary shunt (Qsp/Qt). Arterial hemoglobin saturation was more closely correlated with Qsp/Qt than was PaO2, alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient, arterial mixed venous oxygen difference (C[a-v]O2), arterial/alveolar oxygen ratio, and the ratio of PaO2 to inspired oxygen (FIO2) (r = 0.8, p less than .0001). When C(a-v)O2 was normal, hemoglobin saturation became a very accurate (r = 0.96) assessment of Qsp/Qt. We conclude that various arterial blood gas derived variables do not accurately reflect Qsp/Qt in critically ill children. In these patients, a pulmonary artery catheter is needed to accurately assess intrapulmonary shunt. PMID- 3905260 TI - Elimination of false-positive limulus amebocyte lysate tests in patients with hyperlipidemia. AB - Varying concentrations of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and mannan suspensions were mixed with either saline or plasma from normal volunteers, heated to 100 degrees C for 10 min, and then subjected to the limulus amebocyte lysate test (LAL). A positive LAL in saline required minimum LPS and mannan concentrations of 10(-11) and 10(-5) g/ml, respectively, while the minimum concentrations premixed with plasma were 10(-13) and 10(-9) g/ml, respectively. Thus, use of plasma instead of saline increased assay sensitivity 100-fold for LPS and 10,000-fold for mannan. In the second part of the experiment, normal plasma was separated into lipid and nonlipid phases by Folch's method. LAL analysis of each phase revealed equal sensitivity for LPS and mannan in the nonlipid phase, but no sensitivity in the lipid extract. Subsequently, 200 ml of a fat emulsion (Intralipos) was administered to the normal volunteers, and LAL and lipid analyses were performed. The LAL turned positive in all volunteers. When LAL was positive, triglycerides (TG), chylomicron (Chyl), and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) increased significantly compared with when LAL was negative. It is concluded that plasma lipids increase the sensitivity of LAL and directly activate LAL when TG, Chyl, and VLDL concentrations are high. This effect of plasma lipids on LAL can be eliminated by extracting LPS and mannan in the nonlipid phase. PMID- 3905261 TI - The "atypical" mycobacteria: recognition and disease association. AB - Although techniques based on immunologic or chromatographic analyses have been described for identifying mycobacteria in clinical laboratories, most microbiologists continue to rely on a series of specialized physiological and biochemical tests for this purpose. The recognition of additional significant species over the past decade has required the addition of more tests to the battery used for mycobacterial identification. This paper will review briefly the taxonomic status of species likely to be encountered in clinical specimens and the most useful tests for characterizing them. Strategies will be presented for using these tests in the most efficient way to provide optimal resolution of taxa without use of an unreasonably large battery of tests. A brief survey of techniques that may become more practical in the future will also be included. PMID- 3905262 TI - Antigenic variability of Candida albicans. AB - The concepts of modern biology lead us to think that all structures are liable to continual changes. Ultrastructural and biochemical methods have been able to objectify such a dynamic in Candida albicans, an opportunistic yeast. A broad analysis of antigens is a reliable way to study the antigenic variations which concern this organism. Numerous information on somatic and metabolic antigens of C. albicans is available at the moment. Paradoxically, if one accepts studies dealing with dimorphism, very few works have shown antigenic variability of this species or investigated the mechanisms involved in such a variability. The few approaches done in this way tend to prove that it may be possible to link together the expression of particular antigens and the behavior of the yeast, particularly when it acts as a pathogen. PMID- 3905263 TI - The genus Allium--Part 3. AB - Allium is a genus of some 500 species belonging to the family Liliaceae. However, only a few of these are important as food plants, notably onion, garlic, chive, leek, and rakkyo. Such plants have been used for many centuries for their pungency and flavoring value, for their medicinal properties, and in some parts of the world, their use also has religious connotations. The flavors of members of alliums, in addition to being characteristic, are also complex, being derived enzymically from a number of involatile precursors. As well as there being variation of flavor between different alliums there are also considerable changes that occur as a result of cooking and processing. These are, of course, of importance to the consumer and food technologist/processor. The review will introduce the subject by an historical perspective and will set against this data on the present cultivation and usage of commercially cultivated alliums. The chemical composition of these plants will be discussed, emphasis being given to nonvolatile constituents which are, perhaps, less often considered. Discussion of the volatile constituents, which will include mention of the methods currently used for their analysis and for the determination of "flavor strength," will be mainly concerned with literature taken from the last 5 years. In considering the extent and nature of allium cultivation and processing, factors affecting the nutritional value and quality will be highlighted. The medicinal properties of garlic and onion oils have been extensively studied over the last decade and the review will include critical assessment of this area; it will also touch on the more general properties (antimicrobial, antifungal, antibacterial, and insecticidal) of these oils. Finally, mention will be made of the antinutritional, toxic, or otherwise undesirable effects of alliums, for example, as inadvertant components of animal diets, tainting of milk, and other food products. It is our intention to review the literature up to mid-1984. PMID- 3905264 TI - Intrinsic mineral labeling of edible plants: methods and uses. AB - The fate of minerals can be conveniently studied through intrinsic labeling techniques. The mineral of interest is biologically incorporated into the food in a form that can be distinguished analytically from the natural form of the element. Radiolabels have traditionally been used to study such problems as the uptake of minerals by plants, the gross and subcellular mineral distribution in plant tissues, the form and associations of the deposited mineral, and the bioavailability of minerals to animals and humans. The use of stable (nonradioactive) isotopes as a label offers the potential of safely studying bioavailability of minerals from individual foods in human population groups of all ages using foods processed in normal food handling and processing facilities. PMID- 3905265 TI - Limited proteolysis of MP26 in lens fiber plasma membranes of the U18666A-induced cataract in rats. AB - Most of the animals treated with U18666A every other day beginning at one-day of age developed permanent nuclear cataracts by 3-4 weeks of age. Lens fiber plasma membranes were isolated from cortical and nuclear areas of untreated controls, treated but clear, and treated cataractous lenses, and analyzed by SDS-PAGE. MP26 was the major intrinsic polypeptide in the plasma membranes of both cortical and nuclear fibers of control lenses. MP26 was largely replaced by MP23-24 in the plasma membranes of nuclear fibers of treated but clear lenses, and in the membranes of both cortical and nuclear fibers of cataractous lenses. PMID- 3905266 TI - Laminin detection in normal and retinitis pigmentosa human retina. AB - Epiretinal membrane formation in the posterior pole is an almost constant feature of eyes with retinitis pigmentosa. Using a modified direct immunofluorescence reaction, we demonstrated a strong reaction with antilaminin in a band-like pattern on the inner retinal surface of 3 eyes with retinitis pigmentosa. There were also strongly-laminin-positive pigmented and unpigmented cells scattered throughout the degenerated retinas. This pattern was in sharp contrast to that seen in normal retinas, where the linear band of reaction at the internal limiting membrane was faint and accompanied by a zone of reaction at the level of the outer limiting membrane. Quantitation of laminin by ELISA revealed a six- to ten-fold increase (per mg protein) in retinitis pigmentosa retinas, as compared with normal. Since both glial and retinal pigmented epithelial cells can synthesize and deposit laminin, both may participate in the gliosis that occurs during the course of retinitis pigmentosa. PMID- 3905267 TI - Long-term culture of Muller cells from adult rats in the presence of activated lymphocytes/monocytes products. AB - A method for the culture of retinal Muller cells from adult rats is described. Whereas isolated Muller elements did not grow in a medium composed of MEM + 10% FBS, the addition of supernatant from mitogen activated spleen cells induced a strong proliferative response. The factor(s) responsible for that growth were not species specific, as mouse spleen cells conditioned medium was also an effective stimulant. The highly significant degree of DNA synthesis induced by the supernatant from an S-antigen specific T-helper cell line (reacting to the retinal antigen presented on APC) indicates that the growth promoting activity is not restricted to mitogen driven spleen cells. It is suggested that products of inflammatory cells secreted in the course of intraocular immune processes may contribute to the formation of epiretinal membranes. These products also induced the expression of Ia surface antigens by Muller cells, supporting the hypothesis of a possible involvement in local immune reactions. PMID- 3905269 TI - Epidemiology of allergic contact sensitization. PMID- 3905270 TI - Guinea pig sensitization assays. An overview. PMID- 3905268 TI - Parathyroid tumors. PMID- 3905271 TI - A rationale for the selection of occlusion to induce and elicit delayed contact hypersensitivity in the guinea pig. A prospective test. PMID- 3905272 TI - Guinea pig maximization test. PMID- 3905273 TI - Pulmonary thromboembolic disease. PMID- 3905274 TI - Toxoplasmosis: the need for improved diagnostic techniques and accurate risk assessment. PMID- 3905275 TI - Antigens of taeniid cestodes in protection, diagnosis and escape. PMID- 3905276 TI - Nematode antigens. PMID- 3905277 TI - Trematodes, excluding schistosomes with special emphasis on Fasciola. PMID- 3905279 TI - Parasite antigens in protection, diagnosis and escape: Plasmodium. PMID- 3905278 TI - Parasite antigens, their role in protection, diagnosis and escape: the leishmaniases. PMID- 3905280 TI - The Eimeria. PMID- 3905281 TI - Management of toxic epidermal necrolysis. AB - Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a medical emergency requiring the combined efforts of specialists from multiple disciplines. A basic guide to the management of the seriously ill patient with this disorder is provided. PMID- 3905282 TI - Denture sore mouth. PMID- 3905283 TI - [Periodontic needs according to Bellini's classification and their application to patients with periodontopathies]. PMID- 3905284 TI - [Recent trends in treatment of periodontitis based on a review of the literature]. PMID- 3905285 TI - Comparison of the effects of labetalol and hydrochlorothiazide on the ventilatory function of hypertensive patients with asthma and propranolol sensitivity. AB - Previous studies have shown that labetalol, a new alpha- and beta-adrenergic antagonist, is relatively safe for the treatment of hypertension in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This multicenter study was designed to evaluate its effects in hypertensive patients with asthma and propranolol sensitivity. Hypertension was successfully controlled in 18 of 21 patients who received labetalol in increasing doses, up to 1,200 mg/day. The decrease in mean FEV1 (1.5 percent) two hours after the highest dose of labetalol was not statistically significant, although there was a gradual decline in mean baseline FEV1 during the four-week treatment period. Antihypertensive agents other than adrenergic antagonists should be considered for the management of hypertension in patients with asthma, especially those with marked reversibility of airflow. If treatment with beta-adrenergic antagonists is indicated, labetalol is recommended over other currently available agents. PMID- 3905286 TI - Dr. Desiderio Gross and his flickering candle flame. PMID- 3905287 TI - Pulmonary oxygen toxicity. AB - Although oxygen therapy has been used in the care of critically ill patients for many years, the recognition of pulmonary oxygen toxicity as an important clinical problem is relatively recent. The biochemical basis of oxygen toxicity is increased production of highly reactive, partially reduced metabolites of oxygen, including hydrogen peroxide and free radicals, by cells in hyperoxia. Enzymatic intracellular defense mechanisms exist which protect cells from the toxic effects of oxygen free radicals. The physiologic manifestations of oxygen toxicity include decreases in vital capacity, diffusing capacity, and lung compliance. The pathologic changes of oxygen toxicity are not specific and resemble those of the adult respiratory distress syndrome. Many drugs used in the care of patients, including bleomycin, nitrofurantoin, and corticosteroids, may exacerbate oxygen induced lung injury. No effective pharmacologic means exist for lessening pulmonary oxygen toxicity in humans. PMID- 3905288 TI - Pulmonary microvascular cytology. A new diagnostic application of the pulmonary artery catheter. AB - When pulmonary disorders involve primarily the microvasculature, definitive diagnosis is difficult and, in some cases, is not possible until autopsy. In patients with amniotic fluid embolism, fat embolism, and lymphangitic carcinomatosis, terminal pulmonary arterioles and capillaries contain abundant diagnostic material. We hypothesized that withdrawal of blood from a pulmonary artery catheter, particularly in the wedge position, should recover diagnostic cells and debris in patients with these disorders. We describe the technique of pulmonary microvascular cytology and show examples of the recovery of fetal squames in amniotic fluid embolism, fat globules in fat embolism, and malignant cells in lymphangitic carcinomatosis. Megakaryocytes, normal inhabitants of the pulmonary capillary bed, are readily seen in wedged blood and confirm the microvascular origin of a blood sample. PMID- 3905289 TI - Hirsutism: "assessing hair-raising topics". PMID- 3905290 TI - Retrocrural cystic lymphangioma. AB - Pure posterior mediastinal cystic lymphangiomas are very rare and have seldom been documented. This is the report of such a case, including the ultrasonographic and computed tomographic manifestations of the lesion, the first documentation of such manifestations in the literature. PMID- 3905291 TI - [Removable partial dentures in geriatric dentistry]. PMID- 3905292 TI - [Dentures and the periodontium in geriatric dentistry]. PMID- 3905293 TI - [Why should the general practitioner advise a prosthetic restoration for an elderly person?]. PMID- 3905294 TI - [Echotomography in subcutaneous lesions of Achilles tendon]. PMID- 3905295 TI - [Alexis Carrel. Pioneer of cardiovascular surgery]. PMID- 3905297 TI - Chronomorphology--today. AB - The present review deals with a subdiscipline of chronomorphology, viz. morphocyclicity, and outlines what progress has been made in the past and points to areas of research that appear most promising. The early years of chronomorphology were characterized by the attempt to demonstrate that a phenomenon such as morphocyclicity exists at all and how waxing and waning of morphological parameters is related to function. Later the rhythms were manipulated to study the underlying mechanisms. More recently, morphocyclic research has revealed its effectiveness as a potent research tool by demonstrating that even the circuitry and the topographical relationships in the central nervous system change in a cyclic manner. Within the biological clock system the pineal gland plays an important role. Here, ultradian, circadian and infradian rhythms interact to perhaps ensure the correct temporal integration of a variety of neuroendocrine processes. PMID- 3905296 TI - DNase I sensitivity in facultative and constitutive heterochromatin. AB - In situ nick translation allows the detection of DNase I sensitive and insensitive regions in fixed mammalian mitotic chromosomes. We have determined the difference in DNase I sensitivity between the active and inactive X chromosomes in Microtus agrestis (rodent) cells, along both their euchromatic and constitutive heterochromatic regions. In addition, we analysed the DNase I sensitivity of the constitutive heterochromatic regions in mouse chromosomes. In Microtus agrestis female cells the active X chromosome is sensitive to DNase I along its euchromatic region while the inactive X chromosome is insensitive except for an early replicating region at its distal end. The late replicating constitutive heterochromatic regions, however, in both the active and inactive X chromosome are sensitive to DNase I. In mouse cells on the other hand, the constitutive heterochromatin is insensitive to DNase I both in mitotic chromosomes and interphase nuclei. PMID- 3905298 TI - Fibronectin in formation and degradation of the pericellular matrix. AB - Fibronectin is a large multifunctional glycoprotein present both in soluble form in plasma and other body fluids and in an insoluble form in interstitial connective tissues and in association with most basement membranes. The protein seems to provide a link between circulating body fluids, cell surfaces and the extracellular matrix. At sites of injury, fibronectin, covalently cross-linked to the fibrin clot, may provide a growth substratum for the invading cells and appears through its multiple interactions with other matrix components and cell surfaces to be involved in the organization of the matrix that will replace the clot. Fibronectin deposition may serve as a useful early marker for connective tissue formation in pathological processes and its fragmentation may serve as an indicator of pathological conditions involving proteolytic events. PMID- 3905299 TI - A monoclonal antibody reactive with 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine that does not require DNA denaturation. AB - We describe a mouse monoclonal antibody (BU-1) reactive with 5-bromo-2 deoxyuridine (BrdUrd). The antibody is different from previously described BrdUrd monoclonal antibodies in that BU-1 does not require pretreatment of cells with strong DNA denaturants in order for the antibody to react with BrdUrd incorporated in the DNA. The antibody can be used in immunocytochemical and indirect immunofluorescent assays and can be used to identify cells that have incorporated BrdUrd. Double staining with BU-1 antibody and propidium iodide has been used to confirm S-phase measurements with the BU-1 antibody. Immunocytochemical stains using the BU-1 antibody do not destroy cell morphology and allow cell identification to be performed simultaneously with S-phase measurements. Flow cytometer two-color fluorescence analysis allows the simultaneous identification of cell surface or cytoplasmic markers and S-phase quantitation. The BU-1 antibody should broaden the application of cell kinetic measurements to individual elements of cell populations that are heterogeneous with respect to morphology, surface marker, and other biological features. PMID- 3905300 TI - Flow cytometric analysis of DNA replication during the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. AB - We have employed a flow cytometric method of monitoring DNA synthesis in order to study the stimulation of DNA replication during the induction of adipocyte differentiation in the preadipocyte cell line 3T3-L1. When confluent monolayers of this cell line are treated with a mixture of methyl isobutyl xanthine, dexamethasone, and insulin (MDI), they undergo at least one round of cell division, which is followed by the de novo synthesis of many enzymes that are involved in the formation of lipid. If the MDI-treated cells are incubated in iododeoxyuridine (IdUrd)- or bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd)-containing medium and subsequently stained with antibodies specific for these base analogues and with propidium iodide (PI), the kinetics of the induction of replication can be monitored. No differences in the patterns of IdUrd incorporation versus PI staining were observed between exponentially growing 3T3-L1 cells and those that had been stimulated to replicate DNA with MDI. In addition, we developed a flow cytometric (FCM) method for staining fatty acid synthetase and localizing the antigen in the G1 phase. We have thus demonstrated the feasibility of this methodology for correlating by FCM the production of enzymes such as fatty acid synthetase with IdUrd and BrUrd incorporation. The technique should permit studies of the inhibition of differentiation of adipocytes by halogenated pyrimidines. PMID- 3905301 TI - Mapping of the pattern of DNA replication in polytene chromosome from Chironomus thummi using monoclonal anti-bromodeoxyuridine antibodies. AB - We present results from a nonautoradiographic study of DNA replication in polytene chromosomes from dipteran larvae. Monoclonal antibodies with specificity for 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) were used to localize by indirect immunofluorescence the sites of BrdUrd incorporation and to follow the dynamics of DNA synthesis in salivary gland cells of 4th instar Chironomus thummi larvae. This technique presents numerous advantages over autoradiographic procedures and allows mapping of DNA synthesis patterns at the level of resolution of one chromosomal band. Several replication patterns were observed, classified according to characteristic features, and tentatively assigned to specific periods of the S-phase. In early S-phase, DNA synthesis is first detectable in puffs and interbands, later in bands. Most chromosomal bands appear to initiate DNA synthesis synchronously; however, in bands within centromeric and heterochromatic regions the start of synthesis is delayed. At mid S-phase, all the bands show uniform staining. Subsequent staining patterns are increasingly differential with the bands displaying characteristic fluorescence intensities. As replication progresses through the late S-phase period, the chromosomes show a decreasing number of fluorescent bands. The last bands to terminate replication are located in centromeric and heterochromatic DNA-rich regions and a few bands of low DNA content in region IIAa-c. PMID- 3905302 TI - Double labeling and in vitro versus in vivo incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine in patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. AB - A monoclonal antibody against bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) was produced, and a rapid slide technique (RPMB technique) was developed for the estimation of S phase cells in a population using this antibody. Bone marrow cells from patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) were studied by both the RPMB technique and tritiated thymidine (3HdThd) labeling index studies. The percentage of S phase cells obtained by each method was compared in 50 samples, and the correlation coefficient was r = 0.89. A "double label" method is also described in which cells were simultaneously incubated with either BrdUrd and 3HdThd or BrdUrd and tritiated cytosine arabinoside (3HAra-C). The samples were first processed by the RPMB technique and then by autoradiography. Results showed only black grains overlying the nuclei of fluorescent cells in each group. An automated microphotometer was used to quantitate grains and fluorescence from each cell. This demonstrated an almost direct relationship between grains and fluorescence from BrdUrd + 3HdThd slides, whereas different patterns of relationship were noted from BrdU + 3HAra-C slides of leukemic patients. Their implications are discussed in the text. Finally, intravenous infusions of BrdUrd was given to five leukemic patients. S-phase cells were recognized distinctly within 5 min of starting the infusion. The percentage of S-phase cells was almost identical from in vivo and in vitro samples. Various possibilities of studying the biological behavior of acute leukemias and analyzing cell cycle characteristics are discussed. PMID- 3905303 TI - Transrectal ultrasonography for the assessment of invasion of rectal carcinoma. AB - To make objective and accurate assessment of depth of invasion in rectal carcinoma, transrectal ultrasonography was performed on 49 patients with rectal carcinoma. Two types of scanners were available for use; i.e., 5.0 MHz linear array scanner and 3.5 MHz radial scanner. An experimental study using fresh specimen revealed that the middle low echoic layer of the rectal wall corresponded to the muscularis propria. Depth of cancer invasion was assessed as to whether or not invasion had reached the muscularis propria, or whether invasion had gone through the muscularis propria. The result of 5.0 MHz linear array scan was superior to 3.5 MHz radial scan, and was fairly satisfactory. Future studies, using a sonographic probe with higher frequency and better resolution, are expected to produce valuable benefits in deciding indications for local excision of rectal carcinomas. PMID- 3905304 TI - The rational use of the purse-string device in constructing anastomoses with the circular stapler. PMID- 3905305 TI - Classic articles in colonic and rectal surgery. John Templeton Bowen 1857-1940. Precancerous dermatoses: a study of two cases of chronic atypical epithelial proliferation. PMID- 3905306 TI - Physiological factors controlling release of enterokinase from rat enterocytes. AB - The quantitative release of enterokinase from isolated rat enterocytes following treatment with taurocholate-taurodeoxycholate, papain, chymotrypsin, elastase, carbamylcholine, and cholecystokinin-octapeptide was examined. Alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase activities were evaluated simultaneously to check for specificity. Bile salts promoted a concentration-dependent release of all enzymes. Concomitantly, bile salts also led to cell destruction in proportion to the amount of enzymes released. Proteases caused the release of enterokinase and alkaline phosphatase with no concomitant increase of lactate dehydrogenase or cell lysis. At equal concentrations, papain released more enzymes than chymotrypsin and elastase. Chymotrypsin and elastase, however, led to higher ratios of enterokinase to alkaline phosphatase found in the media and suggested a selective release of enterokinase (EK) over that of alkaline phosphatase. Bile salts and pancreatic proteases together seem to have an additive effect of the release of EK. Carbamylcholine and cholecystokinin-octapeptide had no effect on enzyme release. These results suggested that pancreatic proteases are involved in the release of enterokinase by a selective action. Bile salts may also play a role through a nonselective detergent effect. PMID- 3905308 TI - Watery diarrhea syndrome due to an adrenal pheochromocytoma secreting vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. AB - A 55-year-old woman presented with several protracted episodes of diarrhea; it was found to be secretory in origin. In the course of evaluating the diarrhea, an ultrasound of the abdomen was performed which disclosed a large right adrenal mass. Endocrinologic studies revealed elevated serum levels of gastrin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), catecholamines, and its metabolites. Surgery was performed successfully without any intraoperative complications, and postoperatively the patient was asymptomatic without further episodes of diarrhea. Histologically the tumor was a pheochromocytoma with neuroendocrine granules of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and norepinephrine. To our knowledge, there have been six previously reported cases of pheochromocytoma secreting vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. In a patient with secretory diarrhea of unknown etiology, the adrenal glands as well as the pancreas should be examined by ultrasound and/or computerized tomography for the presence of a mass. Should an adrenal mass be discovered, it is necessary to evaluate the tumor for catecholamine production, despite the absence of clinical symptoms of a pheochromocytoma. PMID- 3905307 TI - Does asbestos exposure cause gastrointestinal cancer? AB - The relationship between asbestos exposure and gastrointestinal malignancies is unlike the well-established correlation between occupational asbestos exposure and the subsequent development of pleuropulmonary neoplasms and mesotheliomas. Cohort studies on occupationally exposed workers suggest an association between asbestos and gastrointestinal cancer, but evaluation of dose-response, tissue analysis, animal experiment, and cell culture data yield inconsistent conclusions. No simplistic cause-effect relationship can be ascribed to asbestos at the present time, and the answer to the question, "Does asbestos exposure cause cancer?" must await the results of additional studies. PMID- 3905310 TI - Teaching biofeedback techniques in critical care. PMID- 3905309 TI - Animal models of inflammatory bowel disease--an overview. AB - It is obvious from the above discussion that, whereas no really clear-cut animal model of IBD has been established, a number of specific insights into the nature of the human illness can be derived from the study of naturally occurring and induced gastrointestinal inflammations occurring in animals. One of the most important emerges from the finding that both immune complex deposition in the gastrointestinal tract as well as stimulation of the mucosal T-cell system results in an ulcerative colitis-like gastrointestinal inflammation. The simplest explanation of the fact that vastly different methods of inducing immune-mediated injury in the gastrointestinal tract can lead to a similar kind of gastrointestinal inflammation is that the inflammatory response in the gastrointestinal tract is rather restricted in its overall pathologic appearance and that the histologic lesions characteristic of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease can arise from primary disturbance of the B-cell system, the T-cell system, or both. Another explanation of this fact, however, is that no matter what the initial immunological disorder may be, the mechanism underlying the gastrointestinal inflammation ultimately comes to involve a response to materials in the mucosal environment so that pathologic events are inevitably channeled into an inflammatory pathway that is either ulcerative colitis-like or Crohn's disease-like in its final configuration. This second explanation is buttressed by other findings derived from the study of animal models which, in general, suggest that no matter what the initial result, an immunologic interaction against a constituent of the bowel flora determines the ultimate course of the gastrointestinal inflammation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3905311 TI - Stevens-Johnson syndrome: applied pathophysiology. PMID- 3905313 TI - [Comparative cytological research on radiation damage to the hematopoietic tissues of 2 species of small rodents]. PMID- 3905314 TI - The Society for the Study of Addiction: temperance, treatment or tolerance? (1930 1961). AB - The purpose of this paper is to describe some of the main themes which highlighted the work of the Society for the Study of Addiction (SSA) in Britain through the years 1930-1961. The major focus of this paper is on alcoholism with special reference to alcoholism treatment. After presenting some general background during this historical period of the Society, three themes will be discussed: visible changes within the treatment framework, sobriety and the argument of strain, and the rise of the alcoholism treatment unit. PMID- 3905315 TI - Ornithine decarboxylase: a key regulatory enzyme in normal and neoplastic growth. PMID- 3905312 TI - Interactions between the retinal pigment epithelium and the neural retina. AB - The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) interacts with the photoreceptors, which it faces across the subretinal space. In these interactions the RPE acts as three types of cell - epithelium, macrophage, and glia. This review briefly describes selected interactions between the RPE and photoreceptors in ion and water transport, Vitamin A transport, phagocytosis of shed portions of outer segments, ensheathment of photoreceptors outer segments, and electrical responses. The electrical interactions can be recorded at the cornea in the c-wave, fast oscillation, and light peak of the DC electroretinogram (DC-ERG) and electrooculogram (EOG). Each response reflects photoreceptor-RPE interactions in a distinct way. The three responses taken together provide perhaps the best opportunity to learn how pathophysiological conditions alter the interactions between the RPE and photoreceptors. PMID- 3905316 TI - Molybdenum hydroxylases as drug-metabolizing enzymes. PMID- 3905317 TI - The pharmacology and metabolism of the thiopurine drugs 6-mercaptopurine and azathioprine. PMID- 3905318 TI - Immunomodulating agents and hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes. AB - Immunomodulating agents are increasingly used in clinical practice to alter the course of various malignancies, autoimmune diseases, or immunodeficiencies. Experimental data obtained in laboratory animals suggest that nearly all agents available today are likely to inhibit hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes. Although further investigation is warranted, a direct stimulation of the reticuloendothelial system is likely to play a key role. Potentially severe drug interactions are the main clinical consequences to be considered, particularly in the field of cancer chemoimmunotherapy and vaccination. Besides immunomodulating agents, drugs with the toxic potential for immunoenhancement may also be considered in that respect. PMID- 3905319 TI - Metabolism, mutagenicity, and DNA binding of biphenyl-based azodyes. PMID- 3905320 TI - Hepatic drug clearance following traumatic injury. AB - Trauma is a complex disease state associated with physiologic changes that have the potential to alter hepatic drug clearance mechanisms. These responses include alterations in hepatic blood flow, reduction in hepatic microsomal activity, reduction in hepatic excretion processes, and changes in protein binding. Hepatic blood flow is influenced by sympathomimetic activity. Both animal and human studies demonstrate an initial reduction and subsequent increase in hepatic blood flow, which coincides with an observed increase and subsequent return to normal in serum catecholamine concentrations. Unfortunately, there are no human studies that address the importance these findings may have to the clearance processes of high intrinsic clearance compounds. Animal studies of trauma indicate that hepatic microsomal activity is depressed during the post-traumatic period. Reduction in the hepatic clearance of antipyrine, a model low intrinsic compound, has also been demonstrated in animal models of trauma. In addition to these effects, hepatic excretion of substances such as indocyanine green and bilirubin have been demonstrated to be impaired in both traumatized animals and humans. Finally, substantial increases in the serum concentration of the binding protein alpha 1-acid glycoprotein occur in trauma patients. This has been reported to be associated with subsequent decreases in the free fraction of lidocaine and quinidine. In addition to changing serum drug concentration/response relationships, the pharmacokinetic behavior of drugs bound to alpha 1-acid glycoprotein should also change. Preliminary observations in our laboratory in a dog model of surgically-induced trauma have shown a reduction in the total clearance of lidocaine and reduction in free lidocaine concentration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3905321 TI - Desensitization with human (recombinant DNA) insulin. AB - A 34-year-old woman developed gestational diabetes and was treated with insulin (beef-pork and beef) and oral therapy at various periods. She developed an insulin allergy; however, attempts at desensitization with the commercially available purified pork insulin desensitization kit (Eli Lilly Co.) were not successful. Reactivity to human (recombinant DNA) insulin as well as elevated IgE levels and eosinophilia were also demonstrated. A second desensitization attempt with human (recombinant DNA) insulin using a protocol developed by the authors was successful. This report discusses a desensitization procedure using human insulin in an insulin-allergic patient. PMID- 3905322 TI - Ineffectiveness of droperidol as antiemetic. PMID- 3905323 TI - Critical evaluation of thioridazine bioequivalence. AB - The phenothiazines have exhibited a history of problems associated with the bioequivalence of solid oral dosage forms. The more recent availability of chemically equivalent forms of thioridazine has raised new and interesting questions about the appropriateness of generic product interchange, even among brands that have been designated "therapeutically equivalent" by the Food and Drug Administration. The scrutiny that has accompanied the consideration of thioridazine products for inclusion into various state generic substitution formularies has offered an opportunity to examine issues involving bioequivalency in considerable detail. Specific bioequivalency concerns relate to: correct analysis of drug in biological fluids; the importance of evaluating active metabolites: single-dose vs. multiple-dose crossover studies; appropriate statistical power analysis; the "70/70" rule, and comparison of product variabilities. Examples of problems are cited to illustrate that significant questions still remain about the appropriate factors that should be used to establish bioequivalency. PMID- 3905324 TI - Does stanozolol prevent venous ulceration? PMID- 3905325 TI - [Erythema migrans borreliosis in the Federal Republic of Germany. Epidemiology and clinical aspects]. AB - A positive antibody titre against Ixodes-ricinus-Borrelia (burgdorferi), using indirect immunofluorescence or ELISA, could be detected in serum and (or) liquor of 935 (32%) out of a total of 2955 patients between January 1984 and July 1985. In 289 of these cases the typical clinical manifestations were lacking whereas a characteristic disease picture enabled a diagnosis to be made in 171 patients with negative or borderline antibody titres. The 1106 cases of infection observed covered all regions of the country. A typical clinical syndrome was seen in 817 (74%) of these. Most common were erythema chronicum migrans (n = 458) and meningopolyneuritis Garin-Bujadoux-Bannwarth (n = 404); in 42% of the cases meningopolyneuritis was preceded by an erythema. Arthritis (n = 63), acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans (n = 72), carditis (n = 13) and lymphadenosis benigna cutis (n = 5) were much less common. Chronic Borrelian encephalomyelitis (n = 45) appeared surprisingly often (n = 45). The fact that in 73% of cases the various syndromes appeared alone, were double in 24% and combined only in 3%, illustrates the polymorphic nature of this disease. PMID- 3905326 TI - [Diuretic monotherapy in heart failure. Comparison of piretanide and hydrochlorothiazide-triamterene]. AB - The effects of piretanide and a hydrochlorothiazide (HCT)-triamterene combination were compared in an open, controlled, randomised study on two groups of 15 patients, aged 42-74 years, with congestive heart failure (NYHA II-III). Weight loss was significant in both groups (P less than 0.05). At the end of the 14 day investigation ten patients from the piretanide group but only four patients from the HCT-triamterene group were fully recompensated. The left ventricular end systolic and end-diastolic diameters were significantly less under piretanide (P less than 0.05 and P less than 0.01, respectively) than under HCT-triamterene. The shortening fraction and the circumferential velocity of shortening under piretanide increased by 25% over the initial value (P less than 0.001) whereas HCT-triamterene produced no change. A small but statistically significant (P less than 0.05) fall in serum potassium as well as a rise in urinary potassium, sodium and chloride concentration occurred with piretanide. PMID- 3905327 TI - [Bioavailability of isosorbide dinitrate and isosorbide-5-mononitrate under steady-state conditions]. AB - The relative bioavailability of isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) and its mononitrate metabolites (IS-2-MN, IS-5-MN) was determined under repetitive dose conditions in 8 healthy volunteers using a randomised, crossover design. Reference drugs were non-sustained release ISDN (Isoket 20) and IS-5-MN (Ismo 20). The relative bioavailability of ISDN after Iso Mack Retard was 69%, for two development products 78% and 79%, and 87% for Isoket Retard. The bioavailability of IS-2-MN and IS-5-MN in sustained release preparations was 6-16% and 1-17% lower, respectively. Whereas the sum total for the area under the concentration-time curve (ISDN and metabolites) for Iso Mack Retard 20 mg was also significantly lower, there was no significant difference in this parameter between Isoket retard 20 and Isoket 20. Taking IS-5-MN non-retard as reference, the bioavailability of IS-5-MN and total nitrate in all ISDN preparations examined was significantly lower. PMID- 3905328 TI - [Automated intraoperative histophotometric diagnosis?]. PMID- 3905329 TI - [Unjustified exclusion of donor kidneys after phenytoin treatment?]. PMID- 3905330 TI - [Role of computed tomography in extrapulmonary tuberculosis]. AB - A retrospective evaluation of 65 computed tomographic investigations on 27 patients with proven disseminated extrapulmonary tuberculosis showed no CT changes characteristic for tuberculosis, except for a higher density of tubercular abscesses. In the majority of cases the extent of tubercular manifestations could only be exactly established after the CT investigation. With the aid of this information together with the clinical course of the disease, the timing, type and extent of operative measures could be determined. Finally, in comparison with conventional X-ray and sonography, computed tomography has proved to be superior for control of therapeutic procedures. PMID- 3905331 TI - [Catheter occlusion during intraperitoneal infusion of insulin with implanted infusion devices]. AB - Improvement in blood sugar control can be achieved, even in patients difficult to treat, using implantable insulin infusion devices for basal insulin infusion, together with one to two additional insulin injections. However, problems involving the insulin infusion route may arise, especially when insulin is infused intraperitoneally. Catheter adhesions and insulin precipitations can occur. Catheter blockages due to insulin aggregates can largely be avoided by the use of neutral sodium dihydrogen phosphate buffer. Insulin aggregations or precipitations are readily dissolved in vivo by alkaline buffer. PMID- 3905332 TI - [Histiocytosis X. Clinical aspects and therapy]. PMID- 3905333 TI - Xipamide. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic efficacy. AB - Xipamide is a diuretic derived from salicylic acid and has a structural resemblance to chlorthalidone. Its pharmacodynamic profile shows a diuretic efficacy is similar to that of frusemide (furosemide) at doses up to 40 mg, but the onset and duration of action are comparable to those of hydrochlorothiazide. Xipamide has been studied mostly in the treatment of mild to moderate essential hypertension, with few controlled studies of its use in oedematous states. The efficacy of xipamide 20 to 40 mg once daily in patients with mild to moderate hypertension is comparable to that of bendrofluazide 5 mg, bumetanide 1 mg or hydrochlorothiazide 50 mg when used alone in newly treated or previously treated patients. The addition of xipamide 20 to 40 mg daily to regimens containing beta blockers, adrenergic neuron-blocking drugs and/or methyldopa has resulted in a further reduction in blood pressure. A few studies in oedematous states suggest that xipamide 40 to 80 mg is comparable in efficacy to equal doses of frusemide, and that the side effects of hypokalaemia, hyperuricaemia and increased blood glucose in diabetics or latent diabetics are similar to those of other diuretics. Thus, xipamide is a suitable alternative to other diuretics in the treatment of mild to moderate hypertension and combines the efficacy of frusemide with a less abrupt action in the treatment of oedema. PMID- 3905335 TI - Current management of Hodgkin's disease. AB - The prognosis of patients with Hodgkin's disease has dramatically improved over the past few decades. Treatment with currently standard radiotherapy or combination chemotherapy programmes will result in durable complete remissions and probable cure in most patients. However, these programmes are intensive, technically demanding, and associated with a risk of certain acute side effects and long term complications which vary in nature and severity according to the specific therapy employed. The outlook for the few patients who do not achieve complete remission with induction therapy, or for those who later relapse (especially after complete remissions induced by chemotherapy), is less optimistic. Current trials of innovative induction and salvage therapies may lead to improved treatment approaches for such patients. PMID- 3905334 TI - Importance of drug enantiomers in clinical pharmacology. AB - The ordered asymmetry of biological macromolecules allows them to differentiate between the optical isomers of monomeric substrates. Optical isomers of drugs often have greatly different affinities at receptor sites, are metabolised at different rates, and have different affinities for tissue and protein binding sites. Despite this knowledge, many drugs are administered as their racemates. Manipulation of the enantiomeric ratio or the use of only one enantiomer of a drug may allow separation of toxicity and efficacy, and this may lead to a significant increase in therapeutic ratio and a more rational approach to therapeutics. PMID- 3905336 TI - Cefotetan. A review of its antibacterial activity, pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic use. AB - Cefotetan is a new semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic administered intravenously or intramuscularly. It has a broad spectrum of activity against Gram-negative aerobic and most clinically important Gram-positive and anaerobic bacteria, and is generally more active against Gram-negative bacteria than the 'first and second generation' agents. Cefotetan is particularly active against Enterobacteriaceae but has little activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. An extended plasma elimination half-life of about 3.5 hours, and relatively high achievable serum and tissue levels, enables cefotetan to be administered on a twice daily basis in the treatment of mild to severe infections. Cefotetan has shown good clinical efficacy in intra-abdominal, obstetric and gynaecological infections, postoperative wound infections, and infections in immunocompromised patients - all of which are often complicated due to their polymicrobial nature or by the presence of anaerobic pathogens. A satisfactory clinical response is achieved in over 90% of paediatric patients with acute otorhinolaryngological infections, whereas in the treatment of chronic disease, as with other agents, the efficacy is dramatically reduced. Like other cephalosporins, cefotetan is effective in treating patients with complicated urinary tract infections and lower respiratory tract infections. Its efficacy in urinary tract infections is at least as good as cefoxitin, although in this and some other clinical areas its activity relative to that of other cephamycins and cephalosporins remains to be assessed. Thus, with its convenient twice daily dosage schedule, cefotetan would appear to be a useful addition to a rapidly expanding group of antibacterial agents. PMID- 3905337 TI - Resistance to loop diuretics. Why it happens and what to do about it. AB - Resistance to loop diuretics is often encountered clinically. Studies in healthy subjects have shown that overall response to loop diuretics depends upon the interplay between the total amount of drug reaching the urine, the time course of its entry into urine and the pharmacodynamics of response to diuretic in the urine. The mechanism by which diuretic resistance occurs has been elucidated in several clinical conditions. Treatment with inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis has no effect on diuretic appearance in urine but blunts response by blocking the increase in renal blood flow produced by loop diuretics. In the elderly and in patients with moderate renal insufficiency, the mechanism of resistance appears to be purely pharmacokinetic, involving altered access of diuretic into the urine. In contrast, patients with nephrotic syndrome and hepatic cirrhosis manifest a purely pharmacodynamic form of resistance: in nephrosis, diuretic may bind to protein in the urine; in cirrhosis the mechanism of resistance is unclear. Lastly, in patients with congestive heart failure, with intravenous administration, resistance represents a pharmacodynamic phenomenon. With oral administration, however, the time course but not the extent of absorption is altered; consequently, in this setting, both pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic changes may contribute to the subnormal response. Strategies for overcoming resistance to loop diuretics in patients receiving NSAIDs or those with renal disease, hepatic cirrhosis or congestive heart failure include one or more of: increasing the dose size; administering frequent 'small' (but effective) doses; continuous intravenous infusion of the diuretic; or concomitant administration of another diuretic such as metolazone or hydrochlorothiazide. PMID- 3905340 TI - [Medicine in the Finnish epic "Kalevala"]. PMID- 3905339 TI - Immunohistochemical demonstration of an organized cytoarchitecture of the radial glia in the CNS of the embryonic mouse. AB - Immunocytochemical staining using antivimentin and anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein sera on nervous tissue sections shows a well-organized pattern of radial glial fibers as early as 15 days in the embryonic mouse. The glial fibers, isolated or in fascicles, form parallel palisades in rectilinear and longitudinal alignment in the spinal cord, medulla and pons. Certain areas show a double system of palisades, perpendicular to each other. The architecture is more complex at the cerebral level. There is a close relationship between the tracks followed by the axon bundles and the pattern of the glial palisades. The fibers have a helical structure, often with a very regular periodicity. The functional implications of the location and structure of the radial fibers during ontogenesis are discussed. PMID- 3905338 TI - Risk of haemorrhage associated with long term anticoagulant therapy. AB - This literature review was conducted to determine: (a) the rate of bleeding (major, minor and fatal) during long term oral anticoagulant therapy (greater than 4 weeks) in various disorders (ischaemic cerebrovascular disease, prosthetic cardiac valves, chronic atrial fibrillation, ischaemic heart disease and venous thrombosis); and (b) the clinical and laboratory risk factors which predispose such patients to bleeding. Using strictly defined methodological criteria, 167 studies were evaluated and classified into 1 of 5 categories based on the strength of the study design, with level I (randomised trials) representing studies which provided the most reliable information and level V (cases series) the least reliable. The risk of bleeding was substantial, and was most marked in patients with ischaemic cerebrovascular disease (29%), ischaemic heart disease (19%) and venous thromboembolism (23%). Major bleeding in venous thrombosis and cerebrovascular disease was frequently associated with an underlying risk factor. In venous thromboembolism these coexisting conditions (cancer, recent surgery and paraplegia) were also predisposing factors for thrombosis. In cerebrovascular disease major bleeding was almost always intracerebral, possibly because of associated hypertension or the cerebrovascular disease per se. We were unable to determine whether bleeding events were concentrated soon after commencing anticoagulant therapy. Haemorrhagic episodes frequently occurred when the prothrombin time (or thrombotest) was within the targeted therapeutic range, but the relationship between bleeding and the level of anticoagulant therapy was properly evaluated in only 1 study (in venous thrombosis) which demonstrated that the risk of bleeding was reduced by using a less intense anticoagulant regimen. In conclusion, the risk of bleeding during oral anticoagulant therapy is substantial. Our analysis was limited by the lack of concise reporting of clinical and laboratory information and we would suggest that future clinical studies report these in greater detail. PMID- 3905341 TI - Esophagoscopy. PMID- 3905342 TI - The therapeutic actions of theophylline in preterm ventilated infants. AB - 40 preterm, ventilated infants (gestational ages 24-33 weeks) were entered into a double-blind randomised trial to assess the effect of oral theophylline on lung function and ventilator dependence. Theophylline administration was associated with a significant improvement in compliance (P less than 0.05) and hastened weaning from ventilation (P less than 0.01). PMID- 3905343 TI - The efficacy of oral theophylline in ventilated premature infants. AB - 40 ventilated premature infants, with gestational ages of 24-34 weeks and a mean birthweight of 1422 g, were entered into a randomised controlled trial. 20 of the infants received orally 5 mg/ml anhydrous theophylline dissolved in 20% pure alcohol, with a loading dose of 5 mg/kg and then 1.25 mg/kg every 6 h. Plasma samples were assayed via an emit enzyme immunoassay, demonstrating satisfactory serum levels in all infants at 54 h after the loading dose. Possible side-effects were seen only in two infants, in one a tachycardia (220 beats/min) and the other became agitated during treatment. PMID- 3905344 TI - Behavioural states in the fetuses of nulliparous women. AB - Behavioural state observations were carried out serially on the fetuses of 14 low risk nulliparae. They were observed serially at 2-weekly intervals between 32 weeks gestational age and delivery at term. Two real-time ultrasound B-scanners were used to visualize fetal body, eye and breathing movements. Fetal heart rate patterns were recorded simultaneously by means of a clinical fetal monitor. States appeared to be present transiently in three fetuses at 34 weeks. States were definitely present in five of 13 fetuses studied at 38 weeks and six of seven observed at 40 weeks. In comparison to the fetuses of low risk multiparae studied earlier, the fetuses in the present study showed a somewhat lower proportion of quiescence (coincidence 1F) and higher percentage of activity (coincidence 2F); however, most of these differences were not statistically significant. In the fetuses which showed states, the distribution and durations of the states at 38 and 40 weeks were not different from those found previously in the fetuses of multiparae. We conclude that the development of behavioural states is generally similar in the fetuses of low risk nulliparae and multiparae, but that states appear at a somewhat later gestational age in the fetuses of nulliparae. PMID- 3905345 TI - The blood flow velocity waveform in the fetal descending aorta: its relationship to fetal behavioural states in normal pregnancy at 37-38 weeks. AB - In 13 normal pregnancies, the relationship between the blood flow velocity waveform at the lower thoracic level of the fetal descending aorta and fetal behavioural states at 37-38 weeks of gestation was studied. The pulsatility index (PI), as a measure of peripheral vascular resistance, was significantly lower during state 2F compared to state 1F according to the classification by Nijhuis et al. (Nijhuis, J.G. et al. (1982) Early Hum. Dev., 6, 177-195), suggesting an increased perfusion of the fetal skeletal musculature to meet the energy demand needed for the raised muscular activity during state 2F; A significant inverse relationship (P less than 0.001) was established between PI and FHR in state 2F; this was mainly determined by a significant rise in end-diastolic flow velocity (P less than 0.02). Both the behavioural state and FHR should be taken into account when evaluating flow velocity waveforms in the fetal descending aorta during the latter weeks of pregnancy. PMID- 3905346 TI - Fetal behavioural states and controlled sound stimulation. AB - The aim of this study was to investigate responses of human fetuses near term (37 42 wks) (increase/decrease of fetal heart rate and/or fetal motility) to acoustic stimuli. The study group consisted of 43 patients and the control group of 27 patients. Polygraphic recordings of 5 different fetal variables were carried out synchronously for the categorization of the actual fetal behavioural state according to Nijhuis et al. (Nijhuis, J.G., Prechtl, H.F.R., Martin, C.B., Jr. and Bots, R.S.A.M. (1982): Early Hum. Dev., 6, 177-195). Controlled acoustic stimulation was performed either with sine wave tone (2 kHz, 120 dB and 5 s duration) or modulated sine wave tone (0.5-2 kHz, 'sawtooth' modulation, 120 dB and 5 s duration). An additional group of patients received 'sham' stimulation. Overall 84 acoustic stimulations have been carried out. In 26 out of 84 stimulations (30%) a fetal response could be observed within 5 s after acoustic stimulation. In general, there were far fewer fetal responses in sleep states than in states of wakefulness. Whereas in state 1 F only 1 out of 28 acoustic stimulations was followed by an immediate fetal response, more responses were observed in state 2 F. An obvious increase in fetal reactivity to acoustic stimulation was noted in states of wakefulness (states 3 F and 4 F). Comparison between the true and sham stimulations revealed a relatively high level of spontaneous fetal activity (high variation of fetal heart rate and fetal motility) present in states 2 F and 4 F. This must be taken into account in all assessments of fetal responses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3905347 TI - Motor behaviour in the growth retarded fetus. AB - In ten growth retarded fetuses (IUGR) a qualitative and quantitative analysis was made of various movement patterns. The results were compared with those of ten matched appropriate-for-gestational age fetuses (AGA). The aim of the study was to see whether malnourished, growth retarded fetuses move differently to well nourished, normal fetuses. The real-time ultrasound recordings were of one hour's duration and the analysis of motility was carried out during replay of video recordings. The qualitative analysis of each separate general movement was performed with 'Gestalt perception' describing the speed, force and amplitude of each movement as well as the variability of these descriptors. Interobserver agreement was evaluated by displaying general movements of both groups to 8 observers. There was an overall interobserver agreement of 89%. The IUGR fetuses moved less, but in individual cases an overlap existed with control fetuses. There was a reduction of both number and duration of general movements in the IUGR group. Furthermore the markedly reduced incidence of startles, twitches and isolated limb movements was striking. The qualitative analysis of general movements revealed a reduction of the quicker components leading to slow and monotonous movement patterns. There was also a marked reduction of variability of speed and intensity within each movement pattern. We speculate that the reduced variability of motor patterns may find its origin in a change of central neural function, just as the reduced heart rate variability and decreased breathing irregularity found in IUGR fetuses. PMID- 3905348 TI - Delayed emergence of fetal behaviour in type-1 diabetic women. AB - In pregnancies complicated by maternal type-1 diabetes early fetal growth delay is common and it is suggested that there might be a common mechanism behind this growth delay and the induction of abnormal embryogenesis. As some of the most frequent congenital malformations involve the nervous system, the following study was performed in order to determine whether there is a specific delay in development of neural activity in these embryos and fetuses. In ten women with type-1 diabetes the emergence of specific fetal movement patterns, which are an expression of the functional motor development of the nervous system, was studied weekly by 1 h real-time ultrasound observations, starting at or before 8 weeks of gestation. Data were compared with those obtained in uncomplicated pregnancies. In all women a tight metabolic control was achieved with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion. In six patients this treatment was started before conception. In all but one of the movement patterns emerging in the first 12 weeks of gestation a delay of 1-2 weeks was found in their first appearance. Only breathing movements were observed for the first time at the same gestational age as in the control group. Plotted according to crown-rump length the emergence of fetal movement patterns occurred, however, almost at the same time as in the control group. It is concluded, that in well controlled diabetic pregnancy there is a delay in functional motor development of the embryonic and fetal nervous system; this delay is not very specific but mostly parallels that of growth; breathing movements emerge relatively early as compared to growth. PMID- 3905350 TI - Behavioural states in growth-retarded human fetuses. AB - Behavioural state observations were carried out on 12 fetuses which subsequently had birthweights below the 10th percentile. Their gestational ages at the time of study ranged from 32 to 40 weeks. Real-time ultrasound scanning was used to detect fetal body and eye movements, and the fetal heart rate was continuously recorded using a clinical fetal monitor. None of these fetuses was severely acidemic or depressed at birth. Findings in the growth-retarded fetuses were compared with those obtained in the fetuses of 14 low risk nulliparae and 14 low risk multiparae by means of the same techniques (van Vliet et al. (1985) Early Hum. Dev., 12, 121-135.; Nijhuis et al. (1982) Early Hum. Dev., 6, 177-195). The appearance of states seemed to be delayed in the growth-retarded fetuses. States were present in only three of eight growth-retarded fetuses studied at 40 weeks, whereas only one of 16 low risk fetuses did not show states at this age. Also at 40 weeks, the proportion of discordant association of the state variables was increased in the growth-retarded fetuses in comparison to the low risk group. There were no consistent differences between the two groups in the occurrence of defined combinations of parameters of the state variables at earlier ages. The growth-retarded fetuses showed differences in the quality and quantity of somatic motility in comparison to low risk fetuses of equivalent gestational age. These observations suggest that some aspects of central nervous system function are disturbed in growth-retarded fetuses, even in the absence of fetal distress. PMID- 3905349 TI - Abnormal motor behaviour in anencephalic fetuses. AB - In eight anencephalic fetuses ultrasound observations of movement patterns were made and correlated with the morphological findings at postmortem. In all fetuses the movements were qualitatively abnormal: they were forceful, jerky in character and of large amplitude. In some of the most defective cases classification of the movements was hardly possible as they showed little similarity to those observed in normal fetuses. In these cases movements tended to occur in burst-pause patterns in contrast to being scattered over the record. Excessive activity occurred also only in the more defective cases. In fetuses with no evident cervical cord present isolated arm movements were observed. Fetal lung hypoplasia occurred as early as 16 weeks and in a fetus which showed both hiccups and breathing movements. It is concluded that with a severely defective fetal central nervous system, already in the first half of pregnancy movement patterns are abnormal. This abnormality mainly concerns the quality of the different movements. Secondly, movements can occur despite severe reduction in the amount and alteration in the organisation of the fetal central nervous system. PMID- 3905351 TI - Ultrasonic fetal ophthalmology. AB - The fetal eye is studied ultrasonically during the second and third trimesters with a large aperture, dynamically focused imaging system. The globe, lens, iris, pupil, and cornea can be resolved separately, and extraocular structures including muscles, retro-orbital fat, and optic nerve may be visualized. The hyaloid artery is seen before 20 weeks and regresses by 25 weeks gestational age. Average vitreous diameter in 157 normal cases exhibits acclerations between 12 and 20 weeks, between 28 and 32 weeks, and near term with decelerations intervening. Associations between limited ocular growth and delayed cerebral development are reaffirmed. PMID- 3905352 TI - Ultrasound studies of human fetal behaviour. PMID- 3905354 TI - [Asen Zlatarov--scientist and popularizer of scientific truths (on the centenary of his birth)]. PMID- 3905353 TI - The emergence of fetal behaviour. II. Quantitative aspects. AB - In a longitudinal study of 12 healthy nulliparous women the developmental course of specific fetal movement patterns was investigated in the first half of gestation, using real-time ultrasound. The rate of occurrence of all movement patterns emerging during this period is presented. There were large differences in incidence between the various movements. In most of them a developmental trend was found, either a gradual increase in incidence as the fetus grew older (breathing movements, head rotations, jaw openings, sucking and swallowings), an increase in incidence until a plateau was reached (general movements, isolated arm movements), or an increase in incidence followed by a decrease (startles, hiccups, hand/face contacts, retroflexions of the head). In a few infrequently occurring movements no developmental trends could be observed (isolated leg movements, anteflexions of the head, yawns, stretches) whereas in some of the more frequently occurring movements a lower limit of the normal range could be defined. A few movement patterns were found to be generated at a more or less regular interval: hiccups occurred with a preference interval of one to three seconds and isolated arm movements with an interval of about 1 s. Breathing movements showed a clear developmental shift in preference interval. Between 10 and 19 weeks this changed from 2 to 3 s to less than 1 s. The majority of movements, however, seemed to occur at no regular interval or the regularity was missed because the burst length was too short. Quantification of fetal quiescence showed that in between 8 and 19 weeks total absence of movements never lasted longer than 13 min. PMID- 3905355 TI - [Kidney excretory function and the effect of furosemide following the chronic use of captopril in rats]. PMID- 3905356 TI - [Hydrogen ion concentration in tumor issue and artificial hyperglycemia]. AB - A series of articles concerned with determination of pH in the tumour and with studies of pH changes under induced hyperglycemia are reviewed. Based on the available data the following conclusions are drawn: pH in the tumour tissue is lower than in the initial normal or surrounding tissues by 0.5 units on the average; the optimal pH value is more acidic; alkalosis in the tumour-bearing organism is a hypercompensatory reaction of the host as a result of advanced tumour in which pH is dropped; the induced hyperglycemia promotes a pronounced decrease of pH in the tumour, pH of the normal tissues being unchanged; the possibility to decrease pH in the tumour should be taken into account when developing new methods of the antitumour therapy. PMID- 3905357 TI - [The R. E. Kavetskii Institute of Oncology Problems of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR]. PMID- 3905358 TI - [Oxygen metabolic characteristics in the tumor process]. AB - The data available in literature and results of the authors, own investigations on the oxygen metabolism during the appearance and development of the tumour process are presented. The important role of biological oxidation disorders in cell malignancy is discussed. The appearance and development of malignant tumours occur against a background of tissues hypoxia. Severe hypoxia and anoxia are observed constantly in the tumour tissue. Some mechanisms of hypoxia development and cell respiration reduction in malignant tumours are considered. Necessity of methods and drugs searching (antihypoxic agents and antioxidants) for correction of oxygen homeostasis disturbances and increase of antitumour resistance of the organism is substantiated. PMID- 3905359 TI - Ovine somatomedin, multiplication-stimulating activity, and insulin promote skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferation in vitro. AB - Primary cultures of skeletal muscle satellite cells, the postnatal myogenic precursor cells, were induced to proliferate by exposure to physiological levels of somatomedins (Sms)/insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and pharmacological levels of insulin. These polypeptides were included in medium containing horse serum as well as serum-free defined medium. Dexamethasone inclusion in the serum containing medium facilitated the ovine Sm (oSm; P less than 0.05) and the multiplication-stimulating activity/rat IGF-II (MSA/rIGF-II; P less than 0.25) responses, but not the insulin proliferative response. In addition, data from defined medium studies indicate that satellite cells are more sensitive to both IGF moieties than insulin and that the proliferations induced by half-maximal concentrations of oSm and insulin were similar (P less than 0.05), but both were different from the proliferation induced by MSA/rIGF-II (P less than 0.05). In the presence of insulin concentrations that promote maximum proliferation, the addition of oSm did not produce an additive effect, whereas the addition of MSA/rIGF-II did produce a significant increase in satellite cell proliferation above that induced by insulin. MSA/rIGF-II may, therefore, be stimulating proliferation of satellite cells through a receptor system different from that serving insulin and oSm. Collectively, these data support the hypothesis that Sms/IGFs play an important role in the control of postnatal muscle growth by providing a link between these hormones and one of the significant target cells involved in this process. PMID- 3905360 TI - Developmental changes in the positive feedback effect of estrogen on luteinizing hormone release in ovariectomized female rhesus monkeys. AB - To examine developmental changes in the LH response to estrogen, eight neonatally ovariectomized monkeys received repeated injections (sc) of 50 micrograms/kg estradiol benzoate (EB) at approximately 4-month intervals starting at age 8-12 months and ending at 49-52 months. Serum samples were obtained 24 before and 0, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 94, 108, and 120 h after each EB injection. Serum LH and estradiol levels were measured by RIA. The baseline LH level before EB injection during the prepubertal period (greater than 20 months of age) was 14.4 +/- 2.2 ng/ml, and it increased progressively to 115.3 +/- 13.5 ng/ml at 41-44 months, the age shortly before the first ovulation in our intact colony animals, then declined slightly. EB first induced a typical LH response, which consisted of a negative phase (suppression) followed by a positive phase (surge), at the average age of 29.3 +/- 1.9 months (n = 8). This is similar to the age of menarche in our colony animals. The baseline LH level before EB injection at the time of the first typical response (with negative and positive phases) was 36.7 +/- 6.7 ng/ml, a level 2.5 times higher than that of the prepubertal age. The magnitude of LH suppression by EB was significantly correlated with the baseline level of LH; the higher the baseline LH before EB injection, the greater the degree of LH decrease (r = 0.968; P less than 0.001). Similarly, the amplitude of the LH peak from the trough of the negative phase was significantly correlated with the baseline LH; the higher the LH level before EB injection, the higher the LH increase (r = 0.863; P less than 0.001). The latency to the LH peak was shortest when baseline LH was highest; the peak latency (34.4 +/- 1.6 h) of the LH surge at 41-44 months of age was significantly shorter than the latency (46.5 +/- 2.7 h) of the first LH response occurring at 29.3 +/- 1.9 months of age (P less than 0.001). Finally, the pattern of circulating levels of estradiol after EB injection did not differ across the developmental stages examined. These results are interpreted to mean that an increase in LH release, presumably LHRH release, starts at the onset of puberty and continues until the age of first ovulation, and that the levels of LHRH release during the pubertal period may determine the effectiveness of estrogen on the LH surge.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3905362 TI - Effect of root curvature on post length in the restoration of endodontically treated premolars. PMID- 3905361 TI - Rabbit placental relaxin: purification and immunohistochemical localization. AB - Rabbit placentas were extracted with 0.7 N HCl-acetone (3:5, vol/vol) containing protease inhibitors. Gel filtration (Sephadex G-50) followed by ion exchange chromatography (carboxymethyl cellulose) separated a bioactive relaxin-like fraction with a specific activity of 8.5 U/mg protein as determined by the in vitro mouse uterus bioassay. Column chromatography using Sepharose CL-4B in 6 M guanidine HCl was employed to purify the bioactive sample. The yield of the purified relaxin-like protein was 12 micrograms/g placenta and the specific activity was 23 U/mg protein. The bioactive sample was also immunoreactive after being electrophoretically transferred to nitrocellulose paper and stained using rabbit antiporcine relaxin serum and peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunochemistry. Isoelectrofocusing of the purified relaxin-like protein revealed one band with an isoelectric point of approximately 6.5. The apparent molecular weight of the rabbit relaxin was approximately 7200 as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate urea slab gel electrophoresis. Upon reduction with 5.0% mercaptoethanol and electrophoresis on sodium dodecyl sulfate-urea polyacrylamide gels, both the 7200 dalton rabbit immunoreactive relaxin-like polypeptide and porcine relaxin migrated as a lower molecular weight protein. These results suggest that rabbit relaxin, like pig, rat, shark, and human relaxin, consists of two chains linked by disulfide bonds. At the light microscopy level, immunohistochemical staining with guinea pig antiporcine relaxin serum indicated that relaxin was located in the syncytiotrophoblast cells of the placental labyrinth of day-23 and day-30 pregnant rabbits. The syncytiotrophoblast cells from day 16 of pregnancy did not stain for relaxin. PMID- 3905363 TI - Computer application in a gastrointestinal endoscopy unit. AB - A computerized system for accurate recording of endoscopic findings in the gastrointestinal tract is described. This system is easy to use, permits rapid retrieval of data of previous examinations, and permits collection and compilation of data for any purpose. A similar system can be adopted for use in any endoscopy unit. PMID- 3905364 TI - Unusual long-term complication after endoscopic sphincterotomy: stone formation in the gallbladder. AB - Long-term complications of endoscopic sphincterotomy hitherto reported consist of recurrent common bile duct stones, cholangitis, cholecystitis and stenosis of the sphincterotomy opening. A case of unusual late complication - formation of new stones in the gallbladder - is described and consideration is given to the etiology. PMID- 3905365 TI - Proteolytic activity of human neutrophil elastase and porcine pancreatic trypsin causes bronchial secretory cell metaplasia in hamsters. AB - The authors wished to determine whether secretory cell metaplasia (SCM) induced in the bronchi of hamsters by human neutrophil elastase (HNE) was enzymatically mediated. We also wished to determine whether SCM could be induced by a proteolytic enzyme devoid of elastolytic activity. Accordingly, groups of weight matched hamsters were given a single intratracheal instillation of 0.5 ml of saline solution containing one of the following: 300 micrograms of HNE purified from blood neutrophils, n = 14; 300 micrograms of HNE inactivated with Suc-Ala Ala-Pro-Val chloromethyl ketone (CMK), n = 10; 500 micrograms of porcine pancreatic trypsin treated with CMK to eliminate residual active elastase, n = 10; 500 micrograms of trypsin inactivated by tosyl lysine chloromethyl ketone, n = 10; 2 micrograms CMK, n = 10; and saline alone, n = 10. Seven untreated animals served as additional controls. Twenty-one days post treatment, 5-6 micron paraffin-embedded sections, from the left lung hilar region, stained by Alcian blue and periodic acid-Schiff reaction were graded on a five-point scale for determination of the secretory cell index, which reflects SCM. Both elastase and trypsin produced severe SCM: mean +/- SEM secretory cell indices were 2.96 +/- 0.11 and 2.72 +/- 0.19, respectively, compared with values of 0.90 +/- 0.35 for the untreated group and 0.93 +/- 0.46 for the saline group (p less than .05). The secretory cell indices of the groups treated with inactivated elastase or trypsin were comparable to those of the saline-treated and untreated groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3905366 TI - Mutagenicity of algal metabolites of benzo(a)pyrene for Salmonella typhimurium. AB - The metabolism and growth effects of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) were studied using a freshwater green alga, Selenastrum capricornutum. Algal cultures were incubated under gold light with BaP added at concentrations of 40, 160, 400, and 1,200 micrograms/liter for the periods of 1-4 days. The metabolites and BaP were identified and quantified from ethyl acetate extracts of both algal cells and incubation medium. The ethyl acetate extracts were evaluated for genotoxicity using a micro-volume Salmonella typhimurium forward mutation assay with resistance to 8-azaguanine for selection. This assay detected the presence of small quantities of BaP and was particularly sensitive to the mutagenicity of BaP diols. Of those extracts prepared from algae and medium from cultures exposed to 400 micrograms BaP/liter (10 micrograms/25 ml culture), only algal cell extracts from one day's growth were mutagenic. In cultures exposed to 1,200 micrograms BaP/liter (30 micrograms/25 ml culture), mutagenic materials were produced or persisted in both algae and media throughout the 4-day incubation. The observed mutagenic response can be attributed in part to the presence of unmetabolized BaP or to BaP diols. PMID- 3905367 TI - Mutagenicity of chili extract and capsaicin in short-term tests. AB - Vanillin, capsaicin and chili extracts were tested for mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium histidine-deficient tester strains TA 98, TA 100, TA 1535, TA 1537, and TA 1538. Vanillin was nonmutagenic, whereas chili extract and capsaicin were mutagenic with metabolic activation. Capsaicin, an active component of chili extract, was the more potent mutagen. The positive samples were also tested in two mammalian test systems: the micronucleus test and the 8-azaguanine-resistant mutagenesis assay that used V79 Chinese hamster cells. It was observed that both were negative for the latter test at the dose level tested, whereas in the micronucleus test, only capsaicin was positive near the LD50 dose. Capsaicin also inhibited DNA synthesis in the testes of Swiss mice injected at two dose levels. PMID- 3905368 TI - Strategies to reduce the cost of mutagenicity screening with the Salmonella assay. AB - An extensive Salmonella assay database was analyzed in order to develop strategies to reduce costs of screening chemicals for mutagenicity. This database was obtained from testing 941 samples (representing 799 chemicals), 36% of which were judged mutagenic. Strains TA98, TA100, TA1535, and TA1537 without activation, with rat liver S-9, and with hamster liver S-9, make up the 12 strain/activation combinations considered here. The testing strategies examined consist of two or three stages; a positive result at any stage is regarded as definitive and stops the testing. Sequential testing improves efficiency by eliminating the need for further experimentation once a chemical has been found to be mutagenic. Consequently, costs and effort are reduced. For screening chemicals in the Salmonella assay, it is our recommendation that a sequential testing scheme be adopted whose initial stage consists of TA100. PMID- 3905369 TI - Reproducibility of microbial mutagenicity assays: II. Testing of carcinogens and noncarcinogens in Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli. AB - A total of 63 chemicals were tested for mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537, and TA1538, and Escherichia coli WP2 uvrA in a four-laboratory study. Sixty of the chemicals had been tested for carcinogenicity by the National Cancer Institute or the National Toxicology Program. All chemicals were tested for mutagenicity without metabolic activation and with liver S-9 preparations from uninduced and Aroclor 1254-induced F344 rats, B6C3F1 mice, and Syrian hamsters. The intra- and interlaboratory reproducibility of the Salmonella assay with regard to the overall judgment of mutagenic or nonmutagenic was good. The results in the E coli strain, however, exhibited a high degree of variability between laboratories. With one or two exceptions, the mutagens were detected with S-9 preparations from all three species. The uninduced liver S-9 preparations did not activate any chemicals to mutagens that were not also activated by induced S-9, but some chemicals were detected as mutagens only when induced S-9 was used. A positive mutagenic response in Salmonella was predictive of carcinogenicity 69% of the time; when equivocal carcinogens and borderline mutagens were included, the predictivity increased to 83%. Conversely, 76% of the carcinogens were mutagens. When the equivocal carcinogens were included, the proportion dropped to 75%. Relatively few chemicals (18%) were mutagenic in E coli. Not all the carcinogens induced tumors in both rats and mice, and the species-specific carcinogenicity could not be predicted from the S-9-specific mutagenicity. PMID- 3905370 TI - Molecular conformation, receptor binding, and hormone action of natural and synthetic estrogens and antiestrogens. AB - The X-ray crystallographic structural determinations of synthetic estrogens and antiestrogens provide reliable information on the global minimum energy conformation of these molecules or a local minimum energy conformation that is within 1 or 2 kcal/mole of the global minimum. In favorable cases, state-of-the art molecular mechanics calculations provide quantitative agreement with X-ray results and information on the relative energy of other local minimum energy conformations not observed crystallographically. Because the conformation of diethylstilbestrol (DES) observed in solvated crystals has an overall conformation and dipole moment more similar to estradiol it is the form more likely to bind to the receptor and produce hormone activity. Either phenol ring of DES can successfully mimic the estradiol A-ring in binding to the receptor. Indenestrol A (INDA) and indenestrol B (INDB) have nearly identical fully extended planar conformations. Either the alpha or gamma rings of these compounds may mimic the A ring of estradiol and compete for the estrogen receptor. Although there are eight distinct ways in which molecules of a racemic mixture of INDA or INDB can bind to the receptor, not all of them may be able to elicit a hormonal response. This may account for the reduced biological activity of the compounds despite their successful competition for receptor binding. The minimum energy conformations of Z-pseudodiethylstilbestrol (ZPD) and E-pseudodiethylstilbestrol (EPD) are bent in a fashion similar to that of indanestrol (INDC). These molecules have good binding affinity suggesting that the receptor does not require a flat molecule. Therefore these conformations would appear to be compatible with receptor binding, but only the Z isomer has an energetically allowed extended conformation that accounts for its observed biological activity relative to DES. PMID- 3905371 TI - Determinants of molecular reactivity as criteria for predicting toxicity: problems and approaches. AB - We discuss the physicochemical basis for mechanisms of action of toxic chemicals and theoretical methods that can be used to understand the relation to the structure of these chemicals. Molecular properties that determine the chemical reactivity of the compounds are proposed as parameters in the analysis of such structure-activity relationships and as criteria for predicting potential toxicity. The theoretical approaches include quantitative methods for structural superposition of molecules and for superposition of their reactivity characteristics. Applications to polychlorinated hydrocarbons are used to illustrate both rigid superposition methods, and methods that take advantage of structural flexibility. These approaches and their results are discussed and compared with methods that afford quantitative structural comparisons without direct superposition, with special emphasis on the need for efficient automated methods suitable for rapid scans of large structural data bases. Quantum mechanical methods for the calculation of molecular properties that can serve as reactivity criteria are presented and illustrated. Special attention is given to the electrostatic properties of the molecules such as the molecular electrostatic potential, the electric fields, and the polarizability terms calculated from perturbation expansions. The practical considerations related to the rapid calculation of these properties on relevant molecular surfaces (e.g., solvent- or reagent-accessible surfaces) are discussed and exemplified, stressing the special problems posed by the structural variety of toxic substances and the paucity of information on their mechanisms of action. The discussion leads to a rationale for the use of the combination of theoretical methods to reveal discriminant criteria for toxicity and to analyze the initial steps in the metabolic processes that could yield toxic products. PMID- 3905373 TI - Conformational properties of molecules by ab initio quantum mechanical energy minimization. AB - The recent literature on the determination of minimum energy conformations by ab initio quantum mechanical techniques is reviewed. The availability of computer coded analytical first and second derivatives of the Hartree-Fock energy makes possible calculations that will be of significant assistance in structure determination of molecules. A short review of recent progress in empirical energy minimization and molecular dynamics is provided. PMID- 3905372 TI - Conformational analysis of environmental agents: use of X-ray crystallographic data to determine molecular reactivity. AB - This paper explores the use of crystallographic techniques as an aid in understanding the molecular reactivities of a number of agents that are of concern to pharmacologists and toxicologists. The selected examples demonstrate the role of structural data in the determination of absolute configuration, configurational flexibility and active-site topology for a reactive species. For example, the role of absolute stereochemistry in understanding synthetic pyrethroid structure-activity relationships is shown from analysis of their crystal structures; conformational flexibility among DDT analogues, and the importance of conformational and electronic properties in phenylalkanoic acid herbicides are shown from systematic analysis of their crystal structures; and interpretation of active-site stereochemistry is made by study of computer modeling of enzyme inhibitors in the active sites of related protein crystal structures. Thus, the observed patterns in conformational flexibility and their resultant effects on substrate pharmacological profile can be interpreted in understanding the molecular level events that influence biological reactivity. PMID- 3905375 TI - Some methods of obtaining quantitative structure-activity relationships for quantities of environmental interest. AB - Methods are described for obtaining quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) for the estimation of quantities of environmental interest. Toxicities of alkylamines and of alkyl alkanoates are well correlated by the alkyl bioactivity branching equation (ABB). Narcotic activities of 1,1-disubstituted ethylenes are correlated by the intermolecular forces bioactivity (IMF) equation. When the data set has a limited number of substituents in equivalent positions the group number (GN) equation, derivable from the IMF equation, can be used for correlation. It has been successfully applied to aqueous solubilities, 1-octanol-water partition coefficients, and bioaccumulation factors and ecological magnifications for organochlorine compounds. A combination of the omega method for combining data sets for different organisms with the GN equation has been used to correlate toxicities of organochlorine insecticides in two species of fish. Toxicities of carbamates have been correlated by a combination of the zeta method and the IMFB equation. The ABB and the GN equations are particularly useful in that they generally do not require parameter tables, and that the parameters they use are error-free. The methods presented here, as shown by the examples given, should make it possible to establish a collection of QSAR for toxicities, bioaccumulation factors, aqueous solubilities, partition coefficients, and other properties of sets of compounds of environmental interest. PMID- 3905374 TI - Partitioning and lipophilicity in quantitative structure-activity relationships. AB - The history of the relationship of biological activity to partition coefficient and related properties is briefly reviewed. The dominance of partition coefficient in quantitation of structure-activity relationships is emphasized, although the importance of other factors is also demonstrated. Various mathematical models of in vivo transport and binding are discussed; most of these involve partitioning as the primary mechanism of transport. The models describe observed quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) well on the whole, confirming that partitioning is of key importance in in vivo behavior of a xenobiotic. The partition coefficient is shown to correlate with numerous other parameters representing bulk, such as molecular weight, volume and surface area, parachor and calculated indices such as molecular connectivity; this is especially so for apolar molecules, because for polar molecules lipophilicity factors into both bulk and polar or hydrogen bonding components. The relationship of partition coefficient to chromatographic parameters is discussed, and it is shown that such parameters, which are often readily obtainable experimentally, can successfully supplant partition coefficient in QSARs. The relationship of aqueous solubility with partition coefficient is examined in detail. Correlations are observed, even with solid compounds, and these can be used to predict solubility. The additive/constitutive nature of partition coefficient is discussed extensively, as are the available schemes for the calculation of partition coefficient. Finally the use of partition coefficient to provide structural information is considered. It is shown that partition coefficient can be a valuable structural tool, especially if the enthalpy and entropy of partitioning are available. PMID- 3905376 TI - Substructural QSAR approaches and topological pharmacophores. AB - For large and diverse data sets, simple QSAR methods based on linear and additive models can no longer be applied. In such cases topological methods using descriptors directly derivable from two-dimensional chemical structures provide a useful alternative. The results of such analyses can be used for lead optimization, to guide biological testing and even aid in the design of novel compounds. Various types of topological descriptors and algorithms are briefly discussed. Which of those is to be selected depends on the objective of the investigation and the properties of the data set. Two new methods, LOGANA and LOCON, are discussed in some more detail. With the help of these methods, substructural patterns ("topological pharmacophores") characteristic of compounds possessing a certain biological property can be evaluated. Both methods are designed in such a way that full use can be made of the data handling capacity of computers while maintaining an optimal impact of the experience of the researcher. They are model-free and do not require any mathematical knowledge. While LOGANA deals with semiquantitative or even qualitative biological data, LOCON can be applied to activity data on a continuous scale. The basic procedure in both cases consists in the stepwise combination of substructural descriptors by the logical operations "and," "or" and "not." With a simple example the utility of the methods is demonstrated. PMID- 3905377 TI - Toxicity modeling and prediction with pattern recognition. AB - Empirical models can be constructed relating the change in toxicity to the change in chemical structure for series of similar compounds or mixtures. The first step is to translate the variation in structure to quantitative numbers. This gives a data table, a data matrix denoted by X, which then is analyzed. The same type of the models can be used to relate the variation of in vivo data to the variation of a battery of in vitro tests. A single data analytical model cannot be applied to a set of compounds of diverse chemical structure. For such data sets, separate models must be developed for each subgroup of compounds. The data analytical problem then partly is one of classification, pattern recognition (PARC). The assumption of structural and biological similarity within each subset of modeled compounds is then essential for empirical models to apply. PARC is often used to classify compounds as active (toxic) or inactive. The data structure is then often asymmetric which puts special demands on the data analysis, making the traditional PARC methods inapplicable. Depending on the desired information from the data analysis and on the type of available data, four levels of PARC can be distinguished: (I) the data X are used to develop rules for classifying future compounds into one of the classes represented in X; (II) same as I, but the possibility of future compounds belonging to "unknown" classes not represented in X is taken into account; (III) same as II, plus the quantitative prediction of one activity variable (here toxicity) in some classes; (IV) same as III, but several quantitative activity (toxicity) variables are predicted. PMID- 3905378 TI - Development of quantitative structure-pharmacokinetic relationships. AB - Quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) relating biological activity to physiochemical descriptors have been successfully used for a number of years. It is also long recognized that pharmacokinetic parameters may play an important and even determinant role in drug action. This prompted several researchers to focus attention to pharmacokinetic parameters as potential descriptors in quantitative drug design. A number of examples of quantitative structure pharmacokinetic relationships (QSPR) have appeared in the literature. The present contribution reviews some developments in this field. In particular, a number of concepts and problems are critically discussed, rather than compilations of examples already published in recent reviews. Attention will be paid to the main processes of the pharmacokinetic or toxicokinetic phase in drug action, including absorption, distribution and elimination (biotransformation and excretion). It is clear that quantitative approaches are of considerable interest to toxicologists, since these methods may contribute to the development of real predictive toxicology. PMID- 3905379 TI - Quantitative structure-activity relationships of insecticides and plant growth regulators: comparative studies toward understanding the molecular mechanism of action. AB - Emphasis was put on the comparative quantitative structure-activity approaches to the exploration of action mechanisms of structurally different classes of compounds showing the same type of activity as well as those of the same type of compounds having different actions. Examples were selected from studies performed on insecticides and plant growth regulators, i.e., neurotoxic carbamates, phosphates, pyrethroids and DDT analogs, insect juvenile hormone mimics, and cytokinin agonistic and antagonistic compounds. Similarities and dissimilarities in structures required to elicit activity between compounds classes were revealed in terms of physicochemical parameters, provoking further exploration and evoking insights into the molecular mechanisms of action which may lead to the development of new structures having better qualities. PMID- 3905380 TI - Computer-assisted studies of molecular structure and genotoxic activity by pattern recognition techniques. AB - Often a compound's biological activity is determined by complex relationships between its structural components. Such a relationship often can only be adequately described and exploited by multivariate structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies that can deal with many variables simultaneously. Pattern recognition (PR) is a multivariate technique that is well suited for the qualitative, active-inactive, data that is often supplied by biological assays. PR studies of compounds of known activity can yield information that will allow the prediction of the activity of untested compounds. ADAPT is a computerized system that was developed for such PR-SAR studies. A general introduction to this field is presented and the methodology used for such a study is described in the context of an actual study of mutagenic compounds. The data requirements, descriptor generation, and the details of a PR study are discussed. In addition, the example study was chosen to highlight the problems that may occur if a study is not well formulated and carefully executed. Current work and future plans for computerized mutagen screening are discussed. PMID- 3905381 TI - Species sensitivities and prediction of teratogenic potential. AB - Many chemicals shown to be teratogenic in laboratory animals are not known to be teratogenic in humans. However, it remains to be determined if the unresponsiveness of humans is due to lessened sensitivity, to generally subteratogenic exposure levels, or to the lack of an appropriate means of identifying human teratogens. On the other hand, with the exception of the coumarin anticoagulant drugs, those agents well accepted as human teratogens have been shown to be teratogenic in one or more laboratory species. Yet, no single species has clearly distinguished itself as being more advantageous in the detection of human teratogens over any other. Among the species used for testing, the rat and mouse most successfully model the human reaction, but the rabbit is less likely than other species to give a false positive finding. Among species less commonly used for testing, primates offered a higher level of predicability than others. Regarding concordance of target malformations, the mouse and rat produced the greatest number of concordant defects, but they also were responsible for the most noncorcordant responses as well. Since no other species is clearly more predictive of the human response, it is concluded that safety decisions should be based on all reproductive and developmental toxicity data in light of the agent's known pharmacokinetic, metabolic and toxicologic parameters. PMID- 3905384 TI - Proteolytic enzymes in human fetal membranes and amniotic fluid. A comparison of normal and premature ruptured membranes. AB - The amniotic and chorionic membranes obtained at term and term amniotic fluid contain a soluble protease activity which cleaves [14C]-labeled globin at acid pH. In contrast, a salt extract of the pellet fraction obtained from the fetal membranes displays only negligible protease activities at the pH range of 4-8. Specific activities of the proteases in the soluble and salt-extractable fractions of fetal membranes which were intact before onset of labor were not significantly different from the respective activities in cases of premature rupture of fetal membranes (PROM). However, the protease activity of the amniotic fluid was found to increase with advancing gestational age and to reach maximal activity at term. A heat-sensitive and nondializable protease inhibitory activity was found in term amniotic fluid. This inhibitory activity acted on the cytosolic protease of amniotic membranes from control and PROM cases, but not on the soluble protease of chorionic membranes, and had a similar potency in fluids from PROM cases or fluids collected at term. These results do not support a role for fetal membrane proteases, amniotic fluid proteases, or amniotic fluid protease inhibitory activities in the etiology of PROM. However, the observed changes in amniotic fluid protease activity with fetal age suggest a physiological role for the enzyme in normal fetal development. PMID- 3905383 TI - Structure-activity relationships of estrogens. AB - The last 50 years has seen an exponential rise in the published reports about estrogen action. The model to describe the early events in the mechanism of action of estrogens via the estrogen receptor is updated in this paper to incorporate some of the recent data on the subcellular localization of the receptor. New evidence suggests that the receptor is a nuclear protein, so it appears that estrogens must first diffuse into the nuclear compartment to initiate estrogen action via the receptor complex. This review traces the development of potent estrogenic compounds by the study of their structure activity relationships. Studies of structure-activity relationships in vivo using Allen Doisy or 3-day uterine weight tests can provide much valuable information, but the assays suffer from the complex problems of pharmacokinetics and metabolic transformation. Studies in vitro using primary cultures of rat pituitary or uterine cells to assay the ability of a compound to induce prolactin synthesis or progesterone receptor synthesis, respectively, can provide essential information about the structural requirements for a compound to produce estrogenic effects. Nevertheless, it should be pointed out that studies in vivo are required to determine whether a compound is metabolically activated to an estrogen. Estrogen receptor binding models are presented to describe the changes in a molecule that will predict high affinity for the ligand and agonist, partial agonist and antagonist properties of the ligand-receptor complex. Most estrogenic pesticides and phytoestrogens comform to the predictions of the estrogen receptor binding model. PMID- 3905385 TI - Liposome-mediated transformation of tobacco mesophyll protoplasts by an Escherichia coli plasmid. AB - An Escherichia coli plasmid, pLGV23neo, carrying a kanamycin resistance gene expressed in plant cells, was encapsulated into negatively charged liposomes prepared by the reverse phase evaporation technique. These liposomes were induced to fuse with tobacco mesophyll protoplasts by polyethyleneglycol treatment. Kanamycin-resistant clones were reproducibly isolated from transfected cultures at an average frequency of 4 X 10(-5). Plants regenerated from these resistant colonies were confirmed to be transformed according to three criteria. Protoplasts isolated from their leaves were resistant to 100 micrograms/ml kanamycin. The enzyme aminoglycoside 3'-phosphotransferase II encoded by the plasmid pLGV23neo was detected in leaf extracts. Approximately 3-5 copies of the gene encoding for kanamycin resistance were inserted in the genome of at least one of the studied transformants. The restriction pattern of inserted DNA was best explained by assuming a tandem integration of the pPLGV23neo sequences, implying an homologous recombination event between these sequences during transformation. Kanamycin resistance was transmitted as a single dominant nuclear marker to the progeny of resistant plants after selfing or cross-pollination with the wild-type. PMID- 3905386 TI - Disruption of microtubules in living cells and cell models by high affinity antibodies to beta-tubulin. AB - Polyclonal antibodies with high affinity for beta-tubulin were found to disrupt cytoplasmic microtubules efficiently after microinjection into tissue culture cells. The degree of microtubular fragmentation was directly proportional to the amount of the injected antibody. At molar ratios of 1 antibody per 100 tubulin dimers, most microtubules were disrupted within 90 min after injection. In contrast, the time course of disintegration was relatively independent of the antibody concentration. Within the range of 1 antibody per 10(2)-10(4) tubulin dimers, the maximal values for microtubular disintegration were reached approximately 1-1.5 h after injection. Mitotic microtubules were found to be resistant to all antibody concentrations used. In living cells, microtubules recovered within a few hours after antibody-induced decay. The time course of recovery, like the extent of disintegration, was a function of the antibody concentration. The antibody acted also on microtubules in detergent-extracted cell models and on microtubules polymerised in vitro. When added to microtubular protein, the bivalent antibody as well as its Fab fragments prevented polymerisation. The data suggest that these antibodies disrupt microtubules because their affinity to tubulin is at least 100 times higher than the affinities found for tubulin:tubulin interaction. Fragmented microtubules are probably unstable and decompose into smaller units. PMID- 3905382 TI - Computer-assisted mechanistic structure-activity studies: application to diverse classes of chemical carcinogens. AB - In the first part of this paper we have indicated how the techniques and capabilities of theoretical chemistry, together with experimental results, can be used in a mechanistic approach to structure-activity studies of toxicity. In the second part, we have illustrated how this computer-assisted approach has been used to identify and calculate causally related molecular indicators of relative carcinogenic activity in five classes of chemical carcinogens: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their methyl derivatives, aromatic amines, chloroethanes, chloroalkenes and dialkyl nitrosamines. In each class of chemicals studied, candidate molecular indicators have been identified that could be useful in predictive screening of unknown compounds. In addition, further insights into some mechanistic aspects of chemical carcinogenesis have been obtained. Finally, experiments have been suggested to both verify the usefulness of the indicators and test their mechanistic implications. PMID- 3905387 TI - E. coli recA protein possesses a strand separating activity on short duplex DNAs. AB - RecA protein was found to catalyze the dissociation of the strands of a DNA substrate consisting of a 20-nucleotide primer annealed to circular single stranded M13mp DNA. The strand separation reaction requires ATP hydrolysis and the presence of single-stranded DNA flanking the duplex DNA region to be unwound. RecA-catalyzed strand separation is effective only for very short duplexes, not exceeding 30 bp, and is not stimulated by single-stranded DNA-binding protein. These results are consistent with the ability of recA protein to disrupt regions of secondary structure in single-stranded DNA and to incorporate large non homologies into heteroduplex DNA. PMID- 3905388 TI - Mitochondrial protein synthesis is required for maintenance of intact mitochondrial genomes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - The genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae coding for the mitochondrial threonine and tryptophan tRNA synthetases and for a putative mitochondrial ribosomal protein have been cloned. These, and the previously cloned gene for a mitochondrial elongation factor, were used to disrupt or partially delete the wild-type chromosomal copies of the genes in the respiratory-competent strain W303. In each case, inactivation of a gene whose product is required for mitochondrial protein synthesis causes an instability in mitochondrial DNA. Although intact mitochondrial genomes are rapidly and quantitatively eliminated in the protein synthesis defective strains, specific rho- genomes can be maintained stably over many generations. These results indicate that mitochondrial protein synthesis is required for the propagation of wild-type mitochondrial DNA in yeast. PMID- 3905389 TI - Yeast ribosomal protein L25 binds to an evolutionary conserved site on yeast 26S and E. coli 23S rRNA. AB - The binding site of the yeast 60S ribosomal subunit protein L25 on 26S rRNA was determined by RNase protection experiments. The fragments protected by L25 originate from a distinct substructure within domain IV of the rRNA, encompassing nucleotides 1465-1632 and 1811-1861. The protected fragments are able to rebind to L25 showing that they constitute the complete protein binding site. This binding site is remarkably conserved in all 23/26/28S rRNAs sequenced to date including Escherichia coli 23S rRNA. In fact heterologous complexes between L25 and E. coli 23S rRNA could be formed and RNase protection studies on these complexes demonstrated that L25 indeed recognizes the conserved structure. Strikingly the L25 binding site on 23S rRNA is virtually identical to the previously identified binding site of E. coli ribosomal protein EL23. Therefore EL23 is likely to be the prokaryotic counterpart of L25 in spite of the limited homology displayed by the amino acid sequences of the two proteins. PMID- 3905390 TI - Localization of ribosomal protein S2 on the surface of the 30S subunit from Escherichia coli, using monoclonal antibodies. AB - Protein S2 has been localized on the surface of the 30S subunit of Escherichia coli by immuno-electron microscopy. The antibody was obtained from a fusion of myeloma cells with spleen cells of mice, which had been immunized with intact 30S ribosomal subunits of E. coli. The binding site of the antibody was on the head of the small subunit, just above the small lobe, in the region where protein S3 has also been localized. S2 is the first ribosomal protein to have been mapped exclusively with monoclonal antibody. PMID- 3905391 TI - Contribution of the exercise-induced increment in glucose storage to the increased insulin sensitivity of endurance athletes. AB - The present study was designed to evaluate the contribution of the exercise induced increment in glucose storage to the increased insulin sensitivity characterizing endurance athletes. Plasma glucose and insulin were measured during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in six endurance athletes. Glucose storage and lipid oxidation during this test were also determined using indirect calorimetry. These measurements were compared to those obtained in five non trained subjects who were tested before and during the three days following a 90 min cycle ergometer exercise performed at 69% of their VO2max. As expected, preexercise values of non-trained subjects revealed a much higher insulin response to glucose, and a lower glucose storage and lipid oxidation compared to results obtained in endurance trained individuals. Glucose tolerance was comparable in both groups. The morning following the exercise test, i.e. about 16 h after exercise, glucose storage was significantly increased in non-trained subjects to a level similar to that found in trained subjects. Surprisingly, this was accompanied by higher values of glucose during the OGTT without significant changes in insulinaemia. This impairment in glucose homeostasis was transitory since glucose tolerance had returned to control level on day 2 after exercise. At that time, the increase in glucose storage was less pronounced than in day 1. On day 3 after exercise, glucose and insulin responses to glucose were similar to preexercise values. These results indicate that the increase in glucose storage by acute exercise is not systematically associated with an improved glucose homeostasis, suggesting that other adaptive mechanisms also contribute to the improvement of insulin sensitivity in endurance athletes. PMID- 3905392 TI - Effects of angiotensin II on arterial pressure, renin and aldosterone during exercise. AB - To evaluate the effect of isotonic exercise on the response to angiotensin II, angiotensin II in saline solution was infused intravenously (7.5 ng X kg-1 X min 1) in seven normal sodium replete male volunteers before, during and after a graded uninterrupted exercise test on the bicycle ergometer until exhaustion. The subjects performed a similar exercise test on another day under randomized conditions when saline solution only was infused. At rest in recumbency angiotensin II infusion increased plasma angiotensin II from 17 to 162 pg X ml-1 (P less than 0.001). When the tests with and without angiotensin II are compared, the difference in plasma angiotensin II throughout the experiment ranged from 86 to 145 pg X ml-1. The difference in mean intra-arterial pressure averaged 17 mmHg at recumbent rest, 12 mmHg in the sitting position, 9 mmHg at 10% of peak work rate and declined progressively throughout the exercise test to become non significant at the higher levels of activity. Plasma renin activity rose with increasing levels of activity but angiotensin II significantly reduced the increase. Plasma aldosterone, only measured at rest and at peak exercise, was higher during angiotensin II infusion; the difference in plasma aldosterone was significant at rest, but not at peak exercise. In conclusion, the exercise induced elevation of angiotensin II does not appear to be an important factor in the increase of blood pressure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3905393 TI - Hormonal and metabolic response to three types of exercise of equal duration and external work output. AB - Five normal men, aged 20-30 years, participated in three types of exercise (I, II, III) of equal duration (20 min) and total external work output (120-180 kJ) separated by ten days of rest. Exercises consisted of seven sets of squats with barbells on the shoulders (I; Maximal Power Output Wmax = 600-900 W), continuous cycling at 50 rev X min-1 (II; Wmax = 100-150 W) and seven bouts of intermittent cycling at 70 rev X min-1 (III; Wmax = 300-450 W). Plasma cortisol, glucagon and lactate increased significantly (P less than 0.05) during the exercise and recovery periods of the anaerobic, intermittent exercise (I and III) but not in the continuous, aerobic exercise (II). No consistent significant changes were found in plasma glucose. Plasma insulin levels decreased only during exercise II. The highest increase in cortisol and glucagon was not associated with the highest VE, VO2, Wmax or HR; however it was associated with the anaerobic component of exercise (lactic acid). It is suggested that in exercises of equal duration and total external work output, the continuous, aerobic exercise (II) led to lowest levels of glucogenic hormones. PMID- 3905394 TI - Plasma vasopressin, renin activity, and aldosterone responses to maximal exercise in active college females. AB - The effect of maximal treadmill exercise on plasma concentrations of vasopressin (AVP); renin activity (PRA); and aldosterone (ALDO) was studied in nine female college basketball players before and after a 5-month basketball season. Pre season plasma AVP increased (p less than 0.05) from a pre-exercise concentration of 3.8 +/- 0.5 to 15.8 +/- 4.8 pg X ml-1 following exercise. Post-season, the pre exercise plasma AVP level averaged 1.5 +/- 0.5 pg X ml-1 and increased to 16.7 +/ 5.9 pg X ml-1 after the exercise test. PRA increased (p less than 0.05) from a pre-exercise value of 1.6 +/- 0.6 to 6.8 +/- 1.7 ngAI X ml-1 X hr-1 5 min after the end of exercise during the pre-season test. In the post-season, the pre exercise PRA was comparable (2.4 +/- 0.6 ngAI X ml- X hr-1), as was the elevation found after maximal exercise (8.3 +/- 1.9 ngAI X ml- X hr-1). Pre-season plasma ALDO increased (p less than 0.05) from 102.9 +/- 30.8 pg X ml-1 in the pre exercise period to 453.8 +/- 54.8 pg X ml-1 after the exercise test. In the post season the values were 108.9 +/- 19.4 and 365.9 +/- 64.4 pg X ml-1, respectively. Thus, maximal exercise in females produced significant increases in plasma AVP, renin activity, and ALDO that are comparable to those reported previously for male subjects. Moreover, this response is remarkably reproducible as demonstrated by the results of the two tests performed 5 months apart. PMID- 3905395 TI - Effects of a 24-h carbohydrate-poor diet on metabolic and hormonal responses during prolonged glucose-infused leg exercise. AB - Extant literature dealing with metabolic and hormonal adaptations to exercise following carbohydrate (CHO) reduced diets is not sufficiently precise to allow researchers to partial out the effects of reduced blood glucose levels from other general effects produced by low CHO diets. In order to shed light on this issue, a study was conducted to examine the effects of a 24-h CHO-poor diet on substrate and endocrine responses during prolonged (75 min; 60% Vo2max) glucose-infused leg exercise. Eight subjects exercised on a cycle ergometer in the two following conditions: 1) after a normal diet (CHON), and 2) after a 24-h low CHO diet (CHOL). In both conditions, glucose was constantly infused intravenously (2.2 mg . kg-1 . min-1) from the 10th to the 75th min of exercise in relatively small amounts (10.4 +/- 0.8 g). No significant differences in blood glucose concentrations were found between the two conditions at rest and during exercise although a significant increase (p less than 0.01) in glucose level was observed in both conditions after 40 min of exercise. The CHOL as compared to the CHON condition, was associated with significantly (p less than 0.05) lower resting concentrations of insulin, muscle glycogen (8.7 vs 10.6 g . kg-1), and triacylglycerol, and greater concentrations of beta-hydroxybutyrate (0.5 vs 0.2 mmol . L-1), and free fatty acids. During exercise, the CHOL condition as compared to the CHON condition, was associated with significantly (p less than 0.05) lower insulin and R values, as well as greater free fatty acid (from min 20 to 60) and epinephrine (min 60 to 75) concentrations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3905396 TI - United Kingdom National External Quality Assessment Scheme for Microbiology. PMID- 3905397 TI - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using three different antigen preparations for detection of antibodies to Chlamydia trachomatis. AB - The ability of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect antibodies to Chlamydia trachomatis was evaluated in 100 sera using three different antigen preparations as substrates (sonicated organisms, Triton X solubilized antigen and SDS solubilized antigen). The results were compared to those obtained by a standard microimmunofluorescence assay. The results obtained by the three ELISA techniques and the microimmunofluorescence method were in relatively good agreement (76%); some discrepant results were observed in sera with a low antibody titer. There was good agreement of results obtained by the three ELISA techniques (84%). The microimmunofluorescence method showed the greatest sensitivity. Assuming the microimmunofluorescence method accurately demonstrates antibodies, the ELISA using Triton X solubilized antigen showed the highest degree of specificity (97%), and the ELISA with sonicated organisms the greatest sensitivity (82%) and accuracy (86%). PMID- 3905398 TI - Monoclonal antibodies to immunodominant surface-exposed protein antigens of Treponema pallidum. AB - Specific murine monoclonal antibodies directed against immunodominant surface exposed protein antigens of Treponema pallidum with molecular weights of 15,500, 33,000, 44,000, and 46,000 were isolated. Of seventeen monoclonal antibodies characterized by Western blotting, three were directed against 15,500, three against 33,000, nine against 44,000, and two against 46,000 molecular weight protein antigens of Treponema pallidum. Three of the monoclonal antibodies were reactive in the haemagglutination assay, 11 in the in vitro immobilization assay, and 13 in the immunofluorescence assay. It is suggested that the different monoclonal antibodies could be useful in isolating immunodominant protein antigens of Treponema pallidum and in obtaining information on their biological relevance for use in the diagnosis of syphilis. PMID- 3905399 TI - Comparison of a biphasic medium plus routine early subculture with a slide blood culture system. AB - The accuracy of a biphasic medium plus routine early subculture on chocolate agar was compared with that of a slide blood culture system for detecting facultatively anaerobic bacteria in blood cultures. Over a three month period 2,745 pairs of blood cultures were examined. Bacteremia was diagnosed in 91 patients. Twelve cases would have been missed by using the slide blood culture system alone, in contrast to only three by the biphasic medium alone. The two techniques detected the same amount of contaminant bacteria. Although the slide blood culture system required less time in general, the biphasic medium proved more accurate for isolating Staphylococcus aureus (p = 0.005) and detected gram positive bacteria more rapidly (p = 0.002). PMID- 3905400 TI - Evaluation of the Micro-ID, the API 20E and the Rapid 20E for same-day identification of Enterobacteriaceae. AB - In a comparative study of three methods for same-day identification, the Rapid 20E identified 91.8% of 328 clinically isolated Enterobacteriaceae correctly to species level, 0.3% to genus level, 4.0% as part of a spectrum of identifications, and 4.0% incorrectly. Corresponding data for Micro-ID were 86.6%, 3.7%, 5.8%, 4.0%, and for same-day API 20E values were 72.6%, 7.3%, 13.4%, and 6.7%. Both Rapid 20E and Micro-ID provide accurate identification within four hours; same-day five-hour API 20E was less satisfactory. PMID- 3905401 TI - Treatment of Legionella lung abscess in a renal transplant recipient with erythromycin and fusidic acid. PMID- 3905402 TI - Effect of radiographic contrast medium and bile on antimicrobial activity. PMID- 3905403 TI - Examination of enteropathogens for production of immunoglobulin A1 protease. PMID- 3905404 TI - About the specificity of photoinduced affinity labeling of Escherichia coli ribosomes by dihydrorosaramicin, a macrolide related to erythromycin. AB - Photoactivation of the [3H]dihydrorosaramicin chromophore at a wavelength above 300 nm allows the covalent attachment of the macrolide antibiotic to the bacterial ribosome. Bidimensional electrophoresis shows that the radioactivity is mainly associated with proteins L1, L5, L6, L15, L18, L19, S1, S3, S4, S5 and S9. When photoincorporation of the drug is conducted in the presence of puromycin as effector of [3H]dihydrorosaramicin-binding sites, a decrease in the labeling of most proteins is observed, except for L18 and L19, which are radiolabeled to a larger extent. These results allow us to speculate that L18 and L19 belong to the high-affinity binding site of rosaramicin antibiotic. PMID- 3905405 TI - Action of serine carboxypeptidases on endopeptidase substrates, peptide-4-methyl coumaryl-7-amides. AB - Carboxypeptidase Y hydrolyzed N-substituted peptide-4-methylcoumarin-7-amides (peptide-NH-Mec) at pH 7 by releasing 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin (NH2-Mec) which was then followed by carboxypeptidase action. In particular, a chymotrypsin directed substrate, Suc-Leu-Leu-Val-Tyr-NH-Mec, was hydrolyzed by the enzyme with a second-order rate constant of 7200 M-1 s-1, which is compatible with the rate for an anilide substrate and some N-substituted dipeptides. The activity was completely inhibited by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride and competitively depressed by the presence of an N-substituted dipeptide. Dependences of kinetic parameters on pH were different from those of carboxypeptidase, esterase, amidase, and anilidase activities. Carboxypeptidases P from Penicillium janthinellum and W from wheat also hydrolyzed some of these peptide-NH-Mec derivatives in a similar manner but at a rather low rate. Thus, the NH2-Mec-releasing activity may be considered to be intrinsic to serine carboxypeptidases in general. Taking into consideration this endopeptidase-like activity of serine carboxypeptidases, fluorogenic substrates should be used carefully to specify endopeptidases in crude extracts. PMID- 3905407 TI - Specificity of the uridine-diphosphate-N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate: meso 2,6-diaminopimelate synthetase from Escherichia coli. AB - To investigate the specificity of the uridine-diphosphate-N-acetylmuramyl-L alanyl-D-glutamate: meso-2,6-diaminopimelate synthetase, various compounds mimicking more or less different parts of the UDP-MurNAc-L-Ala-D-Glu substrate were prepared. Their size ranged from that of uridine or L-Ala-D-Glu to that of the whole nucleotide substrate. Chemical synthesis led to N alpha-acyl dipeptides, in which the acyl group mimicked the MurNAc moiety, and to glycopeptides MurNAc(alpha or beta-Me)-L-Ala-D-Glu, in which the anomeric function is blocked. Partial degradation or chemical modification of the substrate UDP-MurNAc-L-Ala-D-Glu afforded: MurOHNAc-L-Ala-D-Glu, P1-MurNAc-L-Ala D-Glu, and DDP-MurNAc-L-Ala-D-Glu (DDP = dihydrouridine-diphosphate). All these compounds were tested as substrates or (and) inhibitors of the reaction catalyzed by the A2pm-adding enzyme, which, after partial purification, was obtained in two active forms. Among the compounds tested as substrates, only DDP-MurNAc-L-Ala-D Glu was a good one. The Km for this compound was 97 microM versus 55 microM for the natural substrate. Among the various compounds tested as inhibitors, only P1 MurNAc-L-Ala-D-Glu and MurNAc(alpha or beta-Me)-L-Ala-D-Glu had a significant inhibitory effect at 1mM. Apparently, no particular portion of the molecule is predominantly responsible for its recognition by the enzyme. In other words, multiple sites located over the whole molecule are required for a proper recognition and determine the high specificity of this activity. Therefore, to obtain efficient competitive inhibitors it is necessary to synthesize molecules very similar in size and structure to the natural substrate. PMID- 3905406 TI - Biosynthesis and intracellular transport of alpha-glucosidase and cathepsin D in normal and mutant human fibroblasts. AB - In order to study the intracellular localization of the proteolytic processing steps in the maturation of alpha-glucosidase and cathepsin D in cultured human skin fibroblasts we have used incubation with glycyl-L-phenylalanine-beta naphthylamide (Gly-Phe-NH-Nap) as described by Jadot et al. [Jadot, M., Colmant, C., Wattiaux-de Coninck, S. & Wattiaux, R. (1984) Biochem. J. 219,965-970] for the specific lysis of lysosomes. When a homogenate of fibroblasts was incubated for 20 min with 0.5 mM Gly-Phe-NH-Nap, a substrate for the lysosomal enzyme cathepsin C, the latency of the lysosomal enzymes alpha-glucosidase and beta hexosaminidase decreased from 75% to 10% and their sedimentability from 75% to 20 30%. In contrast, treatment with Gly-Phe-NH-Nap had no significant effect on the latency of galactosyltransferase, a marker for the Golgi apparatus, and on the sedimentability of glutamate dehydrogenase and catalase, markers for mitochondria and peroxisomes, respectively. The maturation of alpha-glucosidase and cathepsin D in fibroblasts was studied by pulse-labelling with [35S]methionine, immunoprecipitation, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate and fluorography. When homogenates of labelled fibroblasts were incubated with Gly-Phe-NH-Nap prior to immunoprecipitation, 70-80% of all proteolytically processed forms of metabolically labelled alpha-glucosidase and cathepsin D was recovered in the supernatant. The earliest proteolytic processing steps in the maturation of alpha-glucosidase and cathepsin D appeared to be coupled to their transport to the lysosomes. Although both enzymes are transported via the mannose-6-phosphate-specific transport system, the velocity with which they arrived in the lysosomes was consistently different. Whereas newly synthesized cathepsin D was found in the lysosomes 1 h after synthesis, alpha-glucosidase was detected only after 2-4 h. When a pulse-chase experiment was carried out in the presence of 10 mM NH4Cl there was a complete inhibition of the transport of cathepsin D and a partial inhibition of that of alpha glucosidase to the lysosomes. Leupeptin, an inhibitor of lysosomal thiol proteinases, had no effect on the transport of labelled alpha-glucosidase to the lysosomes. However, the early processing steps in which the 110-kDa precursor is converted to the 95-kDa intermediate form of the enzyme were delayed, a transient 105-kDa form was observed and the conversion of the 95-kDa intermediate form to the 76-kDa mature form of the enzyme was completely inhibited.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3905408 TI - Nephrography with radioactive hippuran in transplanted kidneys: interpretation, limitations, and usefulness. AB - A total of 485 nephrographies (NGs) performed on 95 patients in 1982 were analyzed statistically. The different modes of orthoiodine-hippuran (OIH) handling by the transplanted kidneys are summarized by six different basic curve patterns. The formation of these patterns is an effect of the prolongation of the time to the curve maximum, the time to 75% of the maximum, and the time until the intersection of the bladder and kidney curves. Also, intraparenchymal retention of activity leads to changes in the OIH curves. The basic curve patterns were correlated with the increase of serum creatinine levels, and thus, OIH-NG has to be interpreted as a differentiated marker of renal function. Renal-transplant rejection does not produce a specific pattern of OIH curve, as seen from comparison of the curve-type distribution in rejection and non rejection periods (chi 2 = 0.0866). The diagnostic values of the OIH is limited to purely functional statements, allowing only an indirect diagnosis of renal-transplant rejections without permitting the differential diagnosis of other causes of renal disturbance. OIH-NG is useful for monitoring renal function because it resolves different function levels very sensitively even at identical creatinine values. Furthermore, it makes it possible to estimate the prognosis of renal functional improvement when creatinine levels are elevated. PMID- 3905409 TI - Physiological variations of normal transit time in children. AB - Quantitation of the 99mTc-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic Acid (DTPA) scan yields by uptake analysis an estimate of individual kidney glomerular filtration rate (IKGFR) and by deconvolutional analysis an estimate of the mean transit time (MTT) of the non-reabsorbable tracer through the kidney. The whole kidney MTT is compounded of the renal parenchymal MTT and the rate of pelvic clearance; both functions are influenced by prevailing rates of salt and water excretion. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of physiological variations on the normal DTPA scan. The contralateral normal kidney in 11 children with suspected unilateral urinary tract obstruction were studied twice, first with an early morning scan (EMS) and second, 24 h later, following hypotonic volume expansion (HVE). A strong correlation was shown between urine osmolality and MTT. IKGFR was independent of the state of hydration, but in comparison to mild hydration, HVE shortened significantly (P less than 0.001) the normal whole kidney MTT, with less effect on parenchymal MTT (P less than 0.01) and therefore has its predominant effect on pelvic clearance. We advise caution in the interpretation of whole kidney transit time analysis without standardization of salt and water excretion rates. Parenchymal transit time offers a potentially useful clinical index. PMID- 3905411 TI - Self-rating data as a selecting factor in clinical trials of psychotropic drugs. AB - In psychiatry the relationship between rating by others and self-rating has been discussed again and again. The question has been raised as to the influence of complete data material (all patients with self-rating and rating by others) on results, in comparison to results where patients without self-rating are not taken into evaluation. This question was answered by conducting a double-blind study which included two pharmacologically active substances (amitriptylinoxide and trazodone) and two sub-samples of patients (patients with rating by others and self-rating, and patients with rating by others alone). The trial was performed in a total of 57 in-patients suffering from endogenous depression (ICD 296.1) who received drug treatment for 21 days. The effect was assessed multi methodically. While no differences between the two drugs were seen in the sub sample "self-rating and rating by others", amitriptylinoxide proved to be superior to trazodone in the sub-sample "rating by others". On the basis of these findings the use of rating by others and self-rating procedures will be considered. PMID- 3905410 TI - Clinical comparison of 99mTc-HMDP and 99mTc-MDP. A multicenter study. AB - 99mTc-Hydroxymethylene diphosphonate (HMDP) was compared to 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate (MDP) with respect to image quality, lesion detectability, and the uptake ratios of normal bone to soft tissue (B/S), metastatic bone to soft tissue (M/S) and bone metastases to normal bone (M/B) at 2 and 3 h after injection in the same subjects. Thirty-three patients with bone metastases were examined in six nuclear-medicine departments, with each center using its usual bone-scanning protocol which was identical for both compounds in the same patient. The uptake of 99mTc-HMDP in normal bone (B/S) was significantly higher than that of MDP at 2 and 3 h, but there were no significant differences between the two compounds with regard to the M/S or M/B ratios. The M/B of HMDP at 2 h was not significantly different from that of MDP at 3 h, the latter showing a significantly higher B/S and M/S ratio. All lesions were detected with both compounds, even at 2 h. The image quality was rated as follows (in decreasing order): HMDP (3 h), MDP (3 h), HMDP (2 h), and MDP (2 h). HMDP was shown to be a useful bone-imaging agent, especially when shorter intervals between injection and recording are required. PMID- 3905412 TI - [Orientation of art, orientation of writing and visual field dominance. An experimental and cultural historical study]. AB - Investigations have shown that 75% of children aged 3-6 years, who have not as yet acquired the ability to write, tend to draw and sketch from the left to the right side. The same tendency has also been found in adults with regard to drawing, which indicates a dominance of the left field of vision when the cerebral optical analysis is used, as it invariably is for the appreciation of three-dimensional figures. The tendency to draw from the left to the right side can be traced back to works of art that date from as far back as the 6th century B.C. Before the 6th century B.C. and way back into the prehistoric period, the direction seems to have been the reverse, i.e. there was a tendency to draw from the right to the left side. Evidence showing that this was true in up to 80% of cases can be found on vase paintings with either geometric shapes or animals. These findings, together with those of earlier publications, are interpreted as evidence that a shift of dominance has taken place during the history of mankind. It is assumed that together with the increasing significance of language and writing, associated with the left cerebral hemisphere, there was also a development toward a right-sided dominance as regards optical analysis. PMID- 3905413 TI - The role of concurrent determinations of pleural fluid and tissue carcinoembryonic antigen in the distinction of malignant mesothelioma from metastatic pleural malignancies. AB - A combined determination of pleural fluid and tissue carcinoembryonic antigen (PF CEA and T-CEA) by radioimmunoassay and immunoperoxidase staining technique respectively was performed in patients with malignant mesotheliomas (12), metastatic pleural carcinomas (17) and benign pleural diseases (seven). All PF CEA-positive (greater than 39 ng/ml) cases were T-CEA-positive metastatic carcinomas. In contrast, 4/30 PF-CEA-negative (less than 39 ng/ml) cases were T CEA-positive metastatic carcinomas (three cases) and idiopathic pleuritis (one case). These results suggest that CEA, though present in the tumour, is not always released in measurable amounts in effusions. Hence T-CEA content should be determined in the PF-CEA-negative cases when an early and definite diagnosis of tumour type is required to enable correct management of these patients. These ancillary tests aim at enhancing the level of confidence of the routine morphological diagnosis of serous surface malignancies in living patients using minimal intervention instead of resorting to open chest surgery. PMID- 3905414 TI - The pharmacokinetics and haemodynamics of BTS 49 465 and its major metabolite in healthy volunteers. AB - The pharmacokinetic and haemodynamic effects of a 200 mg oral dose of BTS 49 465 (7-fluoro-1-methyl-3-methylsulphinyl-4-quinolone) were investigated in a double blind placebo controlled study. BTS 49 465 was rapidly absorbed and cleared from the systemic circulation with a half-life of 1.6 h by oxidation to the sulphone metabolite. The metabolite was cleared with a half-life of 37.6 h. Saliva concentrations of both BTS 49 465 and its metabolite correlated well with the plasma concentrations. Compared to placebo, BTS 49 465 produced statistically significant reductions in blood pressure and increases in heart rate both supine and after a 60 degrees head up tilt. The time course of the haemodynamic changes suggested that the sulphone metabolite contributed to the overall hypotensive response. Plasma Renin Activity was only marginally elevated and there was no evidence of acute fluid retention. BTS 49 465 was well tolerated in terms of haematological and biochemical parameters and subjective side-effects. PMID- 3905415 TI - Age-related changes in the reactivity of the rat jejunum to cholinoceptor agonists. AB - The contractile effects of barium, potassium, acetylcholine and acetyl-beta methylcholine were studied in jejunum of 4, 12 and 20 month-old rats. The effects of age on the sensitivity and responsiveness of the jejunum to the agonists were examined using cumulative dose administration and measuring the pD2. The maximum contraction produced by the agonists and the sensitivity to barium and potassium were not modified by aging. In the middle-aged animals, the jejunum sensitivity to acetylcholine decreased while the sensitivity to acetyl-beta-methylcholine was not statistically different from that of 4 month-old rats. Since at this age (12 months) the acetylcholinesterase activity increased, the reduction in the sensitivity to acetylcholine could have been due to the increase in the activity of the metabolizing enzyme. Otherwise, in the jejunum from the older animals the sensitivity for both cholinoceptor agonists, acetylcholine and acetyl-beta methylcholine, increased 5-fold when compared with the middle-aged animals. However, compared with the jejunum of 4 month-old rats the sensitivity to acetylcholine, to 20 month-old animals, was not altered while the sensitivity to acetyl-beta-methylcholine was increased. At this age (20 months), the jejunum acetylcholinesterase activity was increased when compared with that of 4 month old rats and was not modified when compared with that of 12 month-old rats. The change in supersensitivity to cholinoceptor agonists could not have been due to an alteration in muscarinic receptor affinity, since the pA2 for atropine was not modified with increasing age. These results suggest that after an increase in acetylcholinesterase activity around month 12, the jejunum develops an adaptative supersensitivity to cholinoceptor agonists. PMID- 3905416 TI - [Clinico-pathological studies on small obese mice occurring in C57BL/6J-ob/ob mice]. AB - Eight small obese mice, 10 to 79 weeks of age, which occurred in C57BL/6J obese mice, were examined clinico-pathologically. These mice were characterized by small-sized obesity, and showed hyperglycemia without hyperinsulinemia and glucosuria without ketonurina throughout their life span. Morphologically, neither hypertrophy nor hyperplasia were found in the islets of Langerhans. There were an increase of A cells and a decrease of B cells in their islets. In the kidney, thickening of mesangial matrix in glomeruli and deposition of glycogen in the nucleus of epithelial cells of the distal tubules were seen. These findings suggest that the small obese mice are an obese-diabetic animal of different type from the usual obese mice (C57BL/6J-ob/ob). The mechanism for development of this condition was unknown. PMID- 3905417 TI - Human epidermal plasminogen activator. Characterization, localization, and modulation. AB - Using biochemical and immunocytochemical approaches, we have investigated the plasminogen activator (PA) of primary human epidermal cell cultures. A rabbit antibody raised against human urinary PA (urokinase) inhibited greater than or equal to 96% of the PA activity in the keratinocyte cultures. Immunoblot and double immunodiffusion analyses of keratinocyte PA with anti-urokinase antibody confirmed that epidermal PA was of the urokinase type. Immunocytochemical investigation of human keratinocyte cultures with anti-urokinase antibody revealed two characteristic staining patterns for PA. First, cells at the advancing edge of subconfluent colonies were cytoplasmically stained in a granular pattern. Similar staining was observed at the migrating edges of confluent epidermal cell cultures that had been wounded by cutting with a blade. This induction of PA staining was independent of cell division. Secondly, differentiated epidermal cells located on the surface of colonies were stained either at the plasma membrane or homogeneously throughout the cell. The highly differentiated, spontaneously shed cells were usually very heavily stained by anti-urokinase antibody. These immunocytochemical experiments suggest that PA expression is highly regulated in human epidermal cells. Specifically, PA expression appears to be related to cellular differentiation and to cell movement in expanding or wounded keratinocyte colonies. PMID- 3905420 TI - Acidic lens protein degrading activity in bovine ciliary body. AB - Biochemical studies of acidic lens protein degrading activity in the bovine ciliary body were performed. The activity showed two peaks, Fractions A and B, on Sephadex G-75 column chromatography. Fraction A contained cathepsin D and thiol proteinase activities and was inhibited by pepstatin and leupeptin. Fraction B contained thiol proteinase activity and was inhibited by leupeptin. The proportion of peptide released from the lens protein by Fractions A and B was higher than those from bovine serum albumin and casein. Lens protein may be a good assay substrate for cathepsin D and lysosomal thiol proteinase in the ciliary body. PMID- 3905418 TI - Effect of cholesterol and growth factors on the proliferation of cultured human skin fibroblasts. AB - A cholesterol-deficient growth medium for human skin fibroblasts was prepared by adding to Eagle's Minimum Essential Medium a bovine serum treated with ultracentrifugation to remove bulk lipoproteins followed by silicic acid adsorption to remove residual lipoproteins and cholesterol. Cell growth was slow, but the daily cell doublings could be increased by 76% by including 7.5 micrograms purified cholesterol/ml in the medium. Cell growth in cholesterol deficient culture medium could be increased to that seen with medium containing 15% untreated fetal bovine serum by the inclusion of the following growth factors: epidermal growth factor (EGF), cortisol, non-essential amino acids, insulin, transferrin and selenium. Cholesterol increased the proliferation of these rapidly-growing cultures by 19%. No effect of cholesterol was observed in transformed L-cell mouse fibroblasts. PMID- 3905419 TI - Immunofluorescence demonstration of tubulin and actin in estrogen-induced rat prolactinoma cells in vitro. Alteration of their distribution after bromocriptine, colchicine and cytochalasin B treatments. AB - Cultured cells in vitro from estrogen-induced rat prolactin-secreting adenomas (prolactinomas) were examined by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy for the distribution of cytoskeletal proteins and alterations of cytoskeleton after treatment with bromocriptine, colchicine and cytochalasin B (CB). After 8 days in culture, prolactinoma cells were well expanded and developed cytoplasmic processes were seen. The cytoplasmic microtubules were observed as fine reticular networks radiating from perinuclear portions toward the cell periphery when decorated with an antibody against tubulin. On the other hand, the actin filaments showed diffuse and spotty distribution when detected with an anti-actin antibody. Contaminated fibroblasts showed a reticular distribution of microtubules and a parallel array of actin cables which corresponds to "stress fibers" throughout the cytoplasm. After treatment with bromocriptine, the reticular distribution of microtubules in prolactinoma cells changed into a coarse and sparse pattern, which was identical with the changes in the distribution of tubulin after treatment with colchicine. On the other hand, distribution of actin was not affected by bromocriptine. Bromocriptine treatment did not alter the distribution of microtubules and actin filaments in fibroblasts, whereas colchicine changed the distribution of microtubules in both prolactinoma cells and fibroblasts. CB treatment changed the localization of actin filaments in both kinds of cells. These in vitro studies indicated bromocriptine would selectively affect the cytoplasmic microtubular system of prolactinoma cells. PMID- 3905421 TI - Characterization of glutathione S-transferases of human cornea. AB - Two cationic (pIs 9.1 and 7.6) and one anionic (pI 4.4) forms of glutathione S transferase have been purified to an apparent homogeneity from human cornea using glutathione-linked affinity chromatography and isoelectric focusing. The substrate specificities of the three enzyme forms are significantly different from each other. None of the three forms of human cornea glutathione S transferase express glutathione peroxidase II activity. Immunological and structural studies reveal that human cornea enzymes have structural similarities with glutathione S-transferases of other human tissues. PMID- 3905423 TI - Localization of retinoid-binding proteins in developing rat retina. AB - Antibodies to cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP) and cellular retinal binding protein (CRALBP) were obtained from rabbits immunized with antigens purified from bovine retina. Antigens were localized on frozen sections of rat retina using indirect FITC immunofluorescence. In the retinal pigment epithelium of rats from postnatal day 1 (the day of birth) to postnatal day 32, specific staining with anti-CRBP was restricted to the cytoplasm; the nuclei were unstained. In the neurosensory retina, Muller cell endfeet were stained with anti CRBP at all ages examined. No CRBP reactivity was found in the pigment epithelium of the ciliary body at any age examined. On postnatal days 14 and 32, in addition to Muller cell endfeet and radial processes, two fine laminae in the inner plexiform layer were faintly positive for CRBP. Anti-CRALBP stained the cytoplasm of the RPE and Muller cells in the adult rat. In developing rat retina, in addition to Muller cells and the retinal pigment epithelium, the ciliary body pigment epithelium and the outer epithelium of the iris were stained with anti CRALBP in the first postnatal week. The intensity of staining of the ciliary body pigment epithelium decreased gradually from postnatal day 8 until postnatal day 14, at which point a clear line of demarcation was found between the positively stained retinal pigment epithelium and the adjacent, lightly stained, pigment epithelial cells of the ciliary body. PMID- 3905422 TI - Characterization of glucose transport by bovine retinal capillary pericytes in culture. AB - The transport of D-glucose and its non-metabolizable analog, 3-o-methyl-D-glucose (3-o-MG), by cultured bovine retinal capillary pericytes was characterized. A preference for D-glucose over L-glucose uptake by pericytes indicated a stereospecific process. The 3-o-MG transport appeared to follow complex kinetics. At low substrate concentrations, 3-o-MG transport had an apparent Km of 1.53 mM and a Vmax of 0.50 nmol (microgram DNA)-1 min-1 at 37 degrees C. A reduced extracellular sodium concentration, energy poisons, and exogenous insulin did not significantly influence 3-o-MG uptake. Inhibition of the uptake or efflux of 3-o MG by cytochalasin B or phloretin, respectively, and the demonstration of a 'counter transport' phenomenon showed that 3-o-MG transport by retinal capillary pericytes in culture was a carrier-mediated process. PMID- 3905424 TI - Theories of biological aging. PMID- 3905425 TI - Kinetics of lymphohematopoietic progenitor cell populations in chronically irradiated RF/J mice. AB - Continuous protracted gamma irradiation (17.5 rad/22 h day for 28 days) resulted in significant life-shortening in RF/J mice due to lymphohematopoietic malignancies. The latency period of these neoplasms was decreased in irradiated RF/J versus unirradiated RF/J mice. No effect on leukemia incidence was observed in either irradiated or unirradiated CAF1 mice that served as control animals representing a strain with normal baseline lymphohematopoiesis. Lymphohematopoietic progenitor cell populations (CFU-GM and CFU-BL) were quantitated in unirradiated and chronically irradiated mice of both strains. The most remarkable differences in these parameters were seen with respect to CFU-BL. Unirradiated and irradiated RF/J mice produced over three times as many CFU-BL as CAF1 mice. Tremendously expanded lymphoid progenitor cell compartments in the RF/J mice may reflect the presence of numerically increased sensitive targets subject to radiation-induced damage and transformation. During a 12-week recovery period, CFU-BL and CFU-GM in the RF/J mice exhibited enhanced regenerative capabilities and overcompensatory responses that surpassed homeostatic baseline levels. Despite strain and strain X dose differences in CFU-BL and CFU-GM, no significant strain X dose relationships were seen in circulating leukocyte counts. This heightened proliferative activity and temporary overstimulation of radiation-damaged lymphohematopoietic tissues may allow sufficient promotional effect for leukemogenesis. PMID- 3905426 TI - Bone marrow donors other than HLA genotypically identical siblings for patients with thalassemia. AB - This report describes the successful bone marrow transplantation of three children with thalassemia who received bone marrow, one from an HLA identical but mixed lymphocyte culture-reactive sibling, the other two from an HLA phenotypically identical parent. Evidence of engraftment was detected early (19 21 days) in all three children and only grade II acute GvHD was observed in one patient. Our report indicates that thalassemic patients can be cured by bone marrow transplantation from selected donors other than HLA genotypically identical siblings. PMID- 3905427 TI - Transplantation of HLA-haploidentical T-cell-depleted marrow for leukemia: addition of cytosine arabinoside to the pretransplant conditioning prevents rejection. AB - A total of 41 patients with hematologic malignancies (other than acute leukemia in relapse) received allogeneic bone marrow transplants at the University of Wisconsin from 1 April 1980 through 31 March 1984. In an effort to minimize graft versus-host disease, marrow was depleted of T-lymphocytes in vitro with monoclonal anti-T-cell antibody and complement prior to infusion for seven of 19 recipients of marrow from HLA-identical, MLC-nonreactive siblings, and for all 22 recipients of marrow from MLC-reactive HLA-haploidentical donors. The recipients of HLA-identical T-depleted marrow all showed excellent engraftment following standard pre-BMT conditioning with cyclophosphamide and total body irradiation. In contrast, five of five recipients of T-depleted haploidentical marrow failed to engraft following this same conditioning regimen. The addition of cytosine arabinoside to the pretransplant conditioning appeared to correct this problem, allowing engraftment in 14 of 17 subsequent patients. These clinical results, coupled with prior in vitro data, demonstrate the need to adequately suppress residual host-versus-graft immunity in order to prevent the rejection of T-cell depleted HLA-haploidentical bone marrow. PMID- 3905428 TI - Origin of hemopoietic stromal progenitor cells in chimeras. AB - Intravenously injected bone marrow cells do not participate in the regeneration of hemopoietic stromal progenitors in irradiated mice, nor in the curetted parts of the recipient's marrow. The hemopoietic stromal progenitors in allogeneic chimeras are of recipient origin. The adherent cell layer (ACL) of long-term cultures of allogeneic chimera bone marrow contains only recipient hemopoietic stromal progenitors. However, in ectopic hemopoietic foci produced by marrow implantation under the renal capsule and repopulated by the recipient hemopoietic cells after irradiation and reconstitution by syngeneic hemopoietic cells, the stromal progenitors were of implant donor origin, as were stromal progenitors of the ACL in long-term cultures of hemopoietic cells from ectopic foci. Our results confirm that the stromal and hemopoietic progenitors differ in origin and that hemopoietic stromal progenitors are not transplantable by the intravenous route in mice. PMID- 3905430 TI - Effect of Plasmodium berghei infection on benzoic acid metabolism in mice. AB - The metabolism of benzoic acid was studied in Plasmodium berghei infected mice both in vitro and in vivo. Results of in vitro studies showed a considerable decrease in the ability of the infected liver to detoxify benzoic acid by hippuric acid formation. The in vivo study showed that hippuric acid formation decreases with increasing parasitemia and the emergence of benzoyl-glucuronide. This new pathway stops operating with further increase in parasitemia. PMID- 3905429 TI - Alkaline phosphatase isozymes in cultured human cancer cells. AB - Alkaline phosphatase, an ubiquitous enzyme is known to exist in several isozymic forms. At least three different isozymes have now been identified in humans. Alkaline phosphatase isozymes are among the substances synthesized ectopically by a variety of human tumors and many continuous cell lines derived from different cancers have retained the capacity to produce these membrane-located glycoproteins. This paper reviews the identification of alkaline phosphatase isozymes in cultured tumor cells and relates these findings with recent developments concerning these cell membrane located glycoproteins. PMID- 3905431 TI - In vivo and in vitro expression of the 6-hydroxy-D-nicotine oxidase gene of Arthrobacter oxidans, cloned into Escherichia coli, as an enzymatically active, covalently flavinylated polypeptide. AB - The 6-hydroxy-D-nicotine oxidase gene of Arthrobacter oxidans was cloned into E.coli with the aid of the expression vector pKK223-3. This enzyme, as well as the E.coli enzymes succinate dehydrogenase and fumarate reductase, bears the cofactor FAD covalently attached to the polypeptide through a His-N3-8 alpha linkage. The amino acid sequence surrounding the histidine residue involved in FAD binding in 6-hydroxy-D-nicotine oxidase and the two E.coli enzymes, however, show no homology. Nevertheless, 6-hydroxy-D-nicotine oxidase is expressed in E.coli in vivo and in an E.coli-derived coupled transcription-translation system as a covalently flavinylated, enzymatically active polypeptide. PMID- 3905432 TI - The nucleotide sequence of bacteriophage T5 leucine tRNA. AB - Uniformly 32P-labeled bacteriophage T5 leucine tRNA has been isolated by two dimensional gel electrophoresis from phage-infected E. coli cells. Its nucleotide sequence has been determined by conventional techniques using TLC on cellulose for oligonucleotide fractionation: pGGGGCUAUGCUGGAACDGmGDAGACAAUACGGCCUUAGm6AU psi CCGUAGCUUAAAUGCGUGGGAGT psi CGAGUCUCCCUAGCCCCACCAoh. This tRNA has anticodon sequence UAG, which can presumably recognize all the four leucine-specific codons (CUN). The main feature of T5 tRNALeu is the absence of the A10-C25 and C31-psi 39 pairing in the D and anticodon stems, respectively. PMID- 3905433 TI - In vitro methylation of the elongation factor EF-Tu from Escherichia coli. AB - The in vitro methylation of the elongation factor EF-Tu from Escherichia coli was investigated. The methylation of newly synthesized EF-Tu was obtained using lambda rifd 18 DNA as template and S-adenosyl [methyl-3H]methionine as methyl donor. About 3 mol methyl residues were incorporated for every 10 mol EF-Tu synthesized. Analysis of the nature of the methyl-containing residues by protein hydrolysis followed by paper chromatography showed that both mono- and dimethyllysine were present. The methylation of EF-Tu was also studied separately from its synthesis by using cell-free systems with artificially undermethylated components. PMID- 3905434 TI - Cholesteryl ester transfer protein. Size of the functional unit determined by radiation inactivation. AB - Radiation inactivation was used to determine the functional Mr of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) in rabbit plasma from control and irradiated animals. This technique reveals the size of the functional unit required to carry out the transfer function. The functional Mr was calculated to be 70 000 +/- 3000 (mean +/- SD) for both control and irradiated rabbits. This result is in accordance with the Mr obtained by a completely different method, namely SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of a partially purified (110-fold) rabbit CETP. The pI of this CETP was found by isoelectric focusing to be equal to 5.95. The results suggest that the functional unit of this enzyme is the monomer. PMID- 3905435 TI - Resistance to alloxan of tumoral insulin-producing cells. AB - Rat pancreatic islets and insulin-producing cells of the RINm5F line were incubated for 5 min at 7 or 23 degrees C in media containing 3H2O and either L-[1 14C]glucose or [2-14C]alloxan. In the islets the intracellular distribution space of [2-14C]alloxan represented, at 7 and 23 degrees C respectively, 11.4 +/- 1.0 and 25.5 +/- 2.3% of the intracellular 3H2O space. In the RINm5F cells, the distribution space of [2-14C]alloxan failed to be affected by the ambient temperature and represented, after correction for extracellular contamination, no more than 5.2 +/- 0.5% of the intracellular 3H2O space. Preincubation for 30 min at 7 degrees C in the presence of alloxan (10 mM) failed to affect subsequent D [U-14C]glucose oxidation in the tumoral cells, whilst causing a 70% inhibition of glucose oxidation in the islets. It is proposed that RINm5F cells are resistant to the cytotoxic action of alloxan, this being attributable, in part at least, to poor uptake of the diabetogenic agent. PMID- 3905436 TI - Enhancement of growth factor-induced DNA synthesis by colon tumor-promoting bile acids in Swiss 3T3 cells. Their different mode of action from that of phorbol esters. AB - In Swiss 3T3 cells, colon tumor-promoting deoxycholate (DOC) enhanced DNA synthesis which was induced by fibroblast growth factor (FGF) in the presence of insulin. This effect was observed only when DOC was added within 10 h after the addition of FGF. DOC by itself did not induce DNA synthesis irrespective of the presence or absence of insulin. Similar results were obtained with other colon tumor-promoting bile acids such as cholate, chenodeoxycholate and taurocholate. In contrast to these bile acids, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) induced DNA synthesis fully without FGF in the presence of insulin. DOC did not affect TPA-induced DNA synthesis. Prolonged treatment of the cells with phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate caused the down-regulation of the phorbol ester receptor and rendered the cells unresponsive to TPA. In these cells, FGF still induced DNA synthesis in the presence of insulin, but the maximal level was reduced to about one third of that in the control cells. DOC did not enhance this DNA synthesis any more. DOC did not alter the binding of FGF to the cells. These results indicate that colon tumor-promoting bile acids enhance the mitogenic action of FGF and thereby stimulate DNA synthesis, although the phorbol ester substitutes for the mitogenic action of FGF. PMID- 3905437 TI - In vivo 31P nuclear magnetic resonance saturation transfer measurements of phosphate exchange reactions in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - 31P saturation transfer techniques have been used to measure phosphate kinetics in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The phosphate consumption rate observed in acetate grown mid-log cells was combined with measurements of O2 consumption to yield P/O ratios of 2.2 and 2.9, for cells respiring on glucose and ethanol, respectively. However, no phosphate consumption activity was observed in saturation transfer experiments on anaerobic glucose fed cells. The phosphate consumption rates measured by saturation transfer in cells respiring on glucose and ethanol was attributed to the unidirectional rates of mitochondrial ATP synthesis. PMID- 3905438 TI - Energetics of tetracycline efflux system encoded by Tn10 in Escherichia coli. AB - Tritiated tetracycline was actively accumulated in inverted membrane vesicles prepared from Escherichia coli W3104rif, which has a transposon, Tn10, on the plasmid, R388, by means of a protonmotive force when NADH was added as an energy source. The tetracycline accumulation was reduced to about one-half the full value on the addition of a cation/proton-exchange ionophore, nigericin. In contrast, remarkable stimulation of the tetracycline accumulation was observed with a K+-specific ionophore, valinomycin. The accumulation of [3H]tetracycline could also be driven by an artificially imposed interior-acidic pH gradient (delta pH), but not, however, by an artificially imposed interior-positive membrane potential (delta psi). These results strongly indicate that the plasmid encoded tetracycline transport was mainly due to an electrically neutral proton/tetracycline antiport system. PMID- 3905439 TI - An unusual linkage between polysaccharides and some major proteins from the outer membrane of Escherichia coli. AB - A small population of OmpA, a major protein from the outer membrane of Escherichia coli, was found covalently associated with either lipopolysaccharide or O-antigen polysaccharide. Radioactive oligosaccharide was elicited linked to OmpA after treatment of the membranes with periodate that hydrolyzed large sugars. Association of saccharides to OmpA could be enhanced by treatment of the outer membrane with NaBH4. PMID- 3905440 TI - Controlled trial of RSV, herbs or placebo as adjuvants to complete resection of squamous cell lung cancer. AB - 152 completely resected patients with high or intermediate differentiated squamous cell lung cancer were randomized to receive 6 months adjuvant therapy with RSV (1, 2-diphenyl-alpha beta-diketone) herbs or placebo. No significant differences were observed in duration of survival or relapse rates between the three groups. PMID- 3905442 TI - The members of the LEW-LEW.C-4A (AUG) congenic pair differ in at least two alloantigenic systems, RT4 and RT6. AB - In rats, two alloantigenic loci, RT4 and RT6, were separated by recombination in a backcross population of (LEW X LEW.C-4A) X LEW hybrids using cytotoxicity tests with alloantisera and immunofluorescence with monoclonal antibody P4/16 in combination with histogenetic (skin graft) testing. Two new recombinant congenic strains were established, LEW.C-4A/I of the genotype CCRT4aaRT6aa and LEW.6B of the genotype ccRT4bbRT6bb. In the rat, transplantation results localize the histocompatibility locus RT4 closer to the locus albino, the T-cell RT6 locus without any proven histocompatibility effect is closely linked to the haemoglobin locus Hbb, in contrast to the mouse in which the haemoglobin (Hbb) and histocompatibility H-1 loci are closely linked. PMID- 3905441 TI - Sorting-out process in the offspring of female rats injected during pregnancy with allogeneic cells. AB - The foetal consequences of transplacental transmission of maternal cells and allogeneic cells injected into the maternal circulation were studied. Female outbred rats, mated with outbred males, were injected with hyaluronidase (group H) or hyaluronidase and Lewis splenocytes (group SH) in the last period of pregnancy. In the group H 73% of the offspring were highly tolerant to maternal skin grafts, the percentage being much higher than in group SH. Lewis grafts survived significantly longer in group SH than in the control group. There was no difference in the mean survival times of maternal and Lewis grafts in group SH. The only difference was the finding of highly tolerant offspring (24%) to maternal grafts. The analysis of individual results of skin graft survival in group SH showed the existence of individual differences between maternal and Lewis grafts. The tolerance to simultaneously transplanted maternal and Lewis grafts was alternative, but some of the offspring rejected both grafts as if they were sensitized (particularly to maternal tissue antigens). The results show that simultaneous transplacental transmission of two different kinds of allogeneic cells leads to a temporary or a permanent establishment of one cell line only, i.e. that a sorting-out process takes place. PMID- 3905444 TI - From plaster monkeys to professionals. Technology builds a tradition. PMID- 3905443 TI - Studies on lipopolysaccharide-induced polyclonal B cell activity in mice tolerized by sheep red blood cells and cyclophosphamide. AB - The polyclonal immune response was induced in untreated mice and mice treated with cyclophosphamide by the administration of lipopolysaccharide from E. coli or S. marcescens. The number of cells forming antibodies to sheep red blood cells and to trinitrophenyl, and of cells producing immunoglobulins increased. The administration of LPS to mice pretreated with SRBC and CY (tolerant mice) considerably reduced the number of anti-SRBC AFC in comparison with the controls. The tolerogenic treatment did not change the number of anti-TNP AFC and IPC. Analogous results were obtained in genetically athymic (nude) mice and in B mice (thymectomized, lethally irradiated and reconstituted with embryonic liver cells). The results suggest that a deletion or a temporary inactivation of a fraction of the antigen-specific B cells occurs in tolerant mice. This inactivation cannot be explained by the absence of expression of surface immunoglobulins on B cells nor by the activity of suppressor T cells. PMID- 3905445 TI - Esthetics and anterior retention. PMID- 3905446 TI - [Pictorial report of smallpox of the Medici Grand Duke Ferdinand II in the year 1626]. PMID- 3905447 TI - The use of salt crystals to achieve an identifiable retentive surface for resin bonded bridges. PMID- 3905448 TI - Metabolism and function of polyamines. PMID- 3905449 TI - Cloned genes and their use in the analysis of inherited disease. Third Wellcome Trust lecture. PMID- 3905450 TI - Body fat regulation during pregnancy and lactation: the roles of diet and insulin. PMID- 3905451 TI - Role of insulin and the insulin receptor in nutrient partitioning between the mammary gland and adipose tissue. PMID- 3905452 TI - The isolation and measurement of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) from the rat testis. AB - Although LHRH has been implicated in the direct control of rat Leydig cell function, LHRH has not been previously detected in the rat testis. An optimized fractionation procedure, which involved acid extraction, bulk fractionation on ODS-silica, extraction in chloroform/ethanol, ether extraction, gel filtration on Sephadex G-15 and RP-HPLC, was employed to isolate LHRH from lyophilized adult rat testes. LHRH activity was assessed by an in vitro LHRH bioassay system employing rat anterior pituitary cells in monolayer culture and several radioimmunoassays for LHRH. LHRH recoveries were monitored by the addition of exogenous LHRH to some samples of lyophilized testes prior to extraction. LHRH bioactivity was non-detectable in the LHRH region of the gel filtration profile of testis extracts in the absence of exogenous LHRH; however, using the most specific LHRH RIA procedure, LHRH immunoactivity which co-chromatographed with LHRH following RP-HPLC was found in all extracts. Based on an average LHRH recovery of 31.0%, as determined from the extracts containing exogenous LHRH, the level of endogenous LHRH immunoactivity in the extracts was determined to be equivalent to 5.6 pg LHRH/g dry weight or 1.0 pg LHRH/testis. These results indicate that the levels of LHRH in the adult rat testis are considerably less than those of the hypothalamus. Based on these findings a simplified fractionation/assay procedure with sufficient sensitivity can be devised for the quantitation of testicular LHRH as a means of clarifying its physiological role in gonadal function. PMID- 3905453 TI - Electrophoretic characterization of active renin from human kidney and inactive renin from a human chorionic cell culture. AB - Enzymatically inactive human renin from chorionic cells in culture is significantly distinct in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (pH 8.17, 0 degree C) from active human kidney renin. The inactive renin is larger and more basic than the active renin; their molecular weights derived from gel electrophoretic retardation coefficients relate as 47.5/35.3 kDa, their valences (net protons/molecule) as 2.14/1.85. In gel electrofocusing conducted in a mixture of simple buffers, both inactive and active renins exhibit 2 components at the steady-state. The molecular size and basicity of inactive renin are consistent with the hypothesis that it may be a precursor (prorenin), although the possibility that it is an inhibitor complex cannot be ruled out. PMID- 3905454 TI - Specific non-saturable binding of insulin by human platelets. AB - Studies on the nature and characterization of the specific binding of 125I insulin to intact human platelets have been undertaken. Although under conditions of physiological buffer osmolality, a binding equilibrium was attained in 4-6 h at 4 degrees C, at higher temperatures (17 degrees C or 24 degrees C) equilibrium was reached only in the presence of very high buffer osmolality or 25 mM NaF. Under conditions of normal osmolality and in the absence of NaF, binding at 17 degrees C was not saturable. This phenomenon was specific for insulin or insulin like hormones (the insulin-like growth factors) and did not occur with 125I labelled growth hormone, ACTH or beta-endorphin. The non-saturable uptake of insulin appeared due to an energy-dependent specific sequestration or internalization of insulin by mechanisms probably involving the microtubule system. This study emphasizes the need to restrict this non-saturable uptake of insulin if one wishes to adequately study the platelet plasma membrane receptors for insulin. These data also indicate that there is a major interaction of insulin and insulin-like hormones with normal human platelets and support previous demonstrations of major insulin effects on platelet physiology in both normal and diabetic states. PMID- 3905455 TI - Specific binding sites for insulin in the rat pituitary gland. AB - Studies were carried out in order to characterize specific insulin binding sites in the rat pituitary gland. Binding of labeled insulin by pituitary microsomes reached equilibrium after 4 h at 4 degrees C and remained stable over 16 h; at 25 degrees C the plateau was reached in 20 min. Equilibrium binding data analysis of competitive displacement of bound 125I-iodo insulin by unlabeled insulin yielded a non-linear Scatchard plot. At 25 degrees C the Kd for the high affinity component was 2.8 +/- 0.1 X 10(-9) M and the receptor concentration was 260 +/- 80 fmol/mg of microsomal protein. A Kd value of 4.6 +/- 0.4 X 10(-8) M and a binding capacity of 800 +/- 200 fmol/mg microsomal protein were obtained for the low affinity sites. Insulin binding to microsomes was enhanced 2.7 times by increasing the ionic strength of the incubation medium with 2 M NaCl, and was abolished when the microsome preparation was preincubated with trypsin prior to binding measurements. Other hormones, such as bovine thyrotropin, ovine follitropin, human somatotropin and ovine prolactin did not interact with the insulin receptor. Proinsulin displaced the labeled hormone in direct proportion to its insulin-like biological activity. PMID- 3905456 TI - The effect of inhibitors on insulin regulation of hormone secretion by cultured human trophoblast. AB - The effect of insulin in physiological concentrations on hormone secretion by human term trophoblast cell culture was studied in relation to insulin control of glucose transport and utilization. Specific inhibitors to these 2 functions were added to the culture, either alone to test for a dose response or with insulin. 2 Deoxy-D-glucose, which inhibits glycolysis, did not change the pattern of response of estradiol and placental lactogen (hPL) secretion to insulin. Phloridzin, an inhibitor of glucose transport, interfered with the stimulatory effect of insulin on hPL secretion, but stimulated insulin inhibition of estradiol secretion when added by itself. The results indicate that hPL response to insulin is dependent on glucose transport, but is independent of glycolysis. Estradiol response is dependent on glucose transport, but is independent of glycolysis. PMID- 3905457 TI - Dietary effects on (pro)insulin biosynthesis and insulin-degrading activity in islets from sand rats. AB - Sand rats were fed either a vegetable (vegetable group) or a standard pellet diet. After 14-16 weeks, the normoglycemic subgroup selected (pellet group) from the animals that had been maintained on the standard diet showed a modest increase in body weight. Plasma immunoreactive insulin levels were not significantly increased, but glucose-stimulated insulin release was elevated from islets isolated from sand rats of the pellet group. Insulin biosynthesis was estimated in vitro by measuring [3H]leucine incorporation into (pro)insulin at 1.5 or 15 mmol/l glucose. The rate of (pro)insulin biosynthesis was elevated only at 15 mmol/l glucose in islets from those normoglycemic sand rats fed the pellet diet when compared with islets from the vegetable group. Specific insulin degrading activity, as determined by measuring degradation of 125I-labeled insulin, was also increased for islets from the pellet group. The metabolic state of these sand rats is thus associated with normoglycemia in vivo, and increased stimulated rates of insulin biosynthesis and degradation in pancreatic islets in vitro. PMID- 3905458 TI - Endogenous gut-derived bacterial endotoxin tonically primes pancreatic secretion of insulin in normal rats. AB - This laboratory has proposed that endogenous gut-derived bacterial endotoxin primes the pancreatic secretion of insulin in normal rats. Endogenous lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is continually absorbed from the gut into intestinal capillaries, and low-grade portal venous endotoxemia is the status quo. Under physiologic conditions, Kupffer cells of the liver totally phagocytize and degrade endotoxin from the portal circulation. Evidence from this and other laboratories indicates that administration of exogenous LPS to humans and rats enhances pancreatic secretion of both insulin and glucagon. Conversely, findings of the present study demonstrate that restriction of endogenous LPS in fasted rats depresses the basal and arginine-stimulated concentrations of plasma insulin. Techniques used to restrict gut-derived LPS availability included chronic daily gavage with neomycin and cefazolin for gut sterilization and with cholestyramine or lactulose to reduce endotoxin within the gut. In addition, induction of endotoxin tolerance was produced by progressively higher doses of LPS intraperitoneally (i.p.), and polymyxin B was administered subcutaneously (s.c.) daily to neutralize the lipid A portion of circulating LPS. Finally, isolator-reared, defined flora rats, which were gram-negative-bacteria-deficient, and, therefore, LPS-deficient, were compared with conventional counterparts. Basal plasma insulin but not glucagon levels were consistently and significantly reduced in endogenous LPS-restricted animals. Glucose-stimulated plasma insulin was decreased only after parenteral treatment by tolerance induction and polymyxin B administration. Both plasma insulin and glucagon were depressed in response to arginine challenge in most LPS-restricted rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3905459 TI - Insulin clearance contributes to the variability of nocturnal insulin requirement in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. AB - We have previously described, in insulin-dependent diabetic subjects (IDDM), a small, but significant, increase in the insulin clearance rate (ICR) during 0600 0800 h as compared with 0100-0300 h. To determine whether this increase was also seen at more physiologic levels of insulin replacement, we calculated ICR during euglycemic clamp studies in 13 patients with IDDM with a constant infusion of insulin at 20 mU/min/m2 and during insulin replacement from the Biostator GCIIS without exogenous glucose. During the euglycemic clamp study with constant insulin infusion at 20 mU/min/m2, the ICR was 16% higher at 0600-0800 h than at 0100-0300 h (264 +/- 50 ml/min/m2 versus 228 +/- 51 ml/min/m2; P less than 0.005). During insulin replacement by the Biostator, the mean insulin infusion rate increased by 92 +/- 27% (7.5 +/- 1.1 to 13.5 +/- 1.2 mU/min/m2; P less than 0.001) and ICR increased by 123 +/- 30% (130 +/- 24 to 268 +/- 51 ml/min/m2; P less than 0.01) during the prebreakfast period when compared with 0100-0300 h. There was a highly significant correlation (r = 0.97) between the increment in insulin infusion rate and the increment in ICR. Measurement of insulin concentration in saline solutions, delivered by the Biostator at a same rate and under similar conditions to those in this study, showed that insulin delivery was stable for the 8-h period of this study.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3905460 TI - Modulation of adipose lipoprotein lipase by thyroid hormone and diabetes. The significance of the low T3 state. AB - The present study was performed to assess the potential relationship between the low T3 syndrome and hypothyroidism. Comparative studies were performed on the relative effects of diabetes and insulin on heparin-releasable adipose lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in the intact and hypothyroid rat. Hypothyroidism for 10 days (Tx) significantly increased adipose LPL activity (5.8 +/- 0.2 mu eq/g/h) compared with the activity (3.6 +/- 0.4 mu eq/g/h) in the normal group. Diabetes for 72 h (streptozocin, STZ, 10 mg/100 g body wt, i.p.) significantly reduced (P less than 0.005) adipose LPL activity in the Tx model. However, despite the suppressant effect of diabetes (43 +/- 11%), the enzyme activity remained equivalent to the normal group. Insulin stimulated adipose LPL in the Tx-diabetic group. The enzyme demonstrated a synergistic response to insulin and hypothyroidism. Subsequent studies were performed in the intact diabetic rat, a low T3 state. Adipose LPL activity was reduced to a similar degree by diabetes (79 +/- 2%) irrespective of the serum T3 concentration. Furthermore, the magnitude of the adipose LPL stimulation by insulin was not modulated by the endogenous serum T3. However, co-treatment of the diabetic group with T3 and insulin blunted the adipose LPL response to insulin. These various modulations in adipose LPL activity were associated with significant but opposite changes in serum triglyceride levels in both the hypothyroid and intact rat. These studies demonstrate that hypothyroidism counteracts the suppressant effect of diabetes on heparin-releasable rat adipose LPL activity and magnifies the enzyme response to insulin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3905461 TI - Insulin-induced internalization and replacement of insulin receptors in adipocytes of rats adapted to fat feeding. AB - To elucidate the mechanisms of the previously observed decrease in adipocyte surface insulin binding in fat diet-induced insulin resistance (Ip et al., J. Lipid Res. 1976; 17:588-99), we performed studies on the distribution of insulin receptors between the cell surface and cell interior, and the extent of internalization and recycling of insulin receptors in adipocytes obtained from fat-fed and glucose-fed rats. Intact cell binding and binding to solubilized cells (total) was decreased by 50% in rats fed fat for 7 days when compared with glucose-fed rats. Incubation of adipocytes with insulin in Tris buffer (100 ng/ml) resulted in a 40-60% decrease in cell surface insulin binding capacity. In two separate experiments, it was found that this insulin-induced receptor loss (%) in fat-fed rat adipocyte preparations was either comparable to that of glucose-fed rats or somewhat decreased. The degradation of the receptors was not affected, as seen by the lack of difference in the chloroquine effect between the two groups. Incubation of fat cells with insulin in tissue culture medium promoted complete reinsertion of receptors into the cell membrane in glucose-fed rat adipocytes, while fat-fed rat preparations demonstrated a significant decrease (37%) in the extent of reinsertion of insulin receptors. Thus, the decrease in cell surface insulin binding and receptor number in fat-fed rat adipocytes is related to an adaptive decrease in the total receptor content coupled with an impairment in the ability to reinsert insulin receptors from the cell interior after insulin-induced internalization. PMID- 3905462 TI - Diminished glucagon response to epinephrine in physically trained diabetic rats. AB - The effect of physical training on glucose, insulin, and glucagon response to epinephrine was assessed in normal and diabetic rats. Male Wistar rats were injected with streptozocin (STZ, 45 mg/kg) and those presenting 1 wk later a blood glucose value between 250 and 400 mg/dl were retained in the protocol and randomly assigned to a sedentary or trained group. Similar studies were conducted in control animals. Physical training was done on a treadmill according to a 10 wk program. Epinephrine (0.75 microgram/kg/min) was infused intravenously (i.v.) in previously cannulated rats for 1 h and arterial blood samples obtained at 15 min intervals for glucose, insulin, and glucagon measurements. Pancreatic insulin and glucagon content was also determined. Basal glucose levels were significantly lower in trained than in sedentary diabetic rats (P less than 0.01). The hyperglycemic response to epinephrine was diminished by 19% and 23% in trained control and diabetic animals, respectively, with a faster return to baseline after stopping epinephrine infusion in both trained groups. Although in nondiabetic rats this could be related to some diminution in the suppressive effect of epinephrine on insulin secretion, this was not the case in diabetic animals. Moreover, while training did not modify epinephrine-induced glucagon response in control rats, the twofold greater (P less than 0.01) glucagon response observed in sedentary diabetic rats was restored to normal in trained diabetic rats. After stopping epinephrine infusion, glucagon levels dropped below the baseline in both groups of trained rats but not in their sedentary counterparts. These effects of training on glucagon response could not be explained by changes in pancreatic glucagon content.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3905463 TI - Increase in remission rate in newly diagnosed type I diabetic subjects treated with azathioprine. AB - Azathioprine (2 mg/kg) was given, in addition to routine insulin treatment, to alternate patients presenting with recent-onset type I diabetes. Treated (N = 13) and untreated (N = 11) patients did not differ significantly at diagnosis with respect to age, duration of symptoms, body weight, blood glucose, hemoglobin A1c, or presence of ketosis. Eight patients were treated for 12 mo, three elected to stop treatment at 6 mo, and treatment was stopped in two because of side effects. Seven treated patients had a remission compared with one untreated patient. At 12 mo these seven patients were distinguished by significantly higher basal and glucagon-stimulated levels of C-peptide (1.98 +/- 0.52 and 3.88 +/- 0.34 micrograms/L, respectively) compared with the other six treated patients (0.93 +/ 0.52 and 1.32 +/- 0.85 microgram/L, respectively), and by the persistence of islet cell cytoplasmic antibodies. Remissions were not sustained in the 1-2 yr after treatment, although relapsed patients required less insulin for control. These results corroborate those from nonrandomized trials using cyclosporine and suggest that protracted treatment with nonspecific immunosuppressive drugs may be necessary to avert insulin dependence. PMID- 3905464 TI - Effects of cyclosporine on glucose tolerance in the rat. AB - In a study of prevention of spontaneous diabetes in BB rats by therapeutic doses of cyclosporine (10 mg/kg/day), the male control non-diabetes-prone rats showed glucose intolerance after a 0.25 g/kg glucose load by gavage, at 90 and 130 days of treatment. Non-BB male Wistar rats treated similarly showed glucose intolerance at 1 wk of treatment, with progressive worsening for 5 wk, then sustained up to 12 wk of treatment. Fasting euglycemia was maintained, but both pre- and postchallenge plasma insulin levels were significantly lower with cyclosporine at several time points. Total pancreatic insulin was decreased to one-third that of control after 5 wk. After withdrawal of cyclosporine, glucose tolerance returned to normal in 2 wk. Sprague-Dawley rats responded similarly and in both strains, an increase in the cyclosporine dose to 15 mg/kg/day augmented the glucose intolerance. These results demonstrate that therapeutic doses of this agent induce reversible glucose intolerance due, in part, to inhibition of insulin secretion and also possibly inhibition of synthesis, though a peripheral effect is not excluded. This hyperglycemic effect of cyclosporine has implications for its potential use in type I diabetes mellitus, transplantation, and other autoimmune disease. PMID- 3905465 TI - Cavitary periventricular leukomalacia: incidence and short-term outcome in infants weighing less than or equal to 1200 grams at birth. AB - One hundred surviving infants with birthweights less than or equal to 1200 g were examined longitudinally, using real-time ultrasonography of the brain. Five infants were diagnosed as having cavitary periventricular leukomalacia (PVL). One infant expired within a month following discharge; the remaining four entered a follow-up program and received developmental assessments. Three infants had moderate-severe spastic diplegia and the fourth had spastic quadriplegia. Cavitary PVL can be diagnosed in vivo and predicts future motor delay or cerebral palsy. Since the typical site of PVL involves the optic radiations, and the incidence of visual-perceptual disturbances is high in premature infants, further research is needed to explore the possible relationship between these two abnormalities. PMID- 3905466 TI - The results of a selective surgical policy on the cognitive abilities of children with spina bifida. AB - A cohort of spina-bifida children born between 1973 and 1978 and subjected to selection for surgery was divided into those who met specific physical criteria at birth and were offered immediate treatment, and those who had delayed treatment because of adverse criteria. There was a significantly higher level of intelligence among children treated immediately but a fifth of those given delayed treatment had normal levels of intelligence. There were negligible differences in intelligence between the children given delayed treatment and an unselectively treated series of children born between 1964 and 1966, suggesting that postponing surgery for a period does not necessarily have a disastrous effect upon ability. PMID- 3905467 TI - Influence of verapamil on gastric acid secretion and gastrin release in dogs. AB - Gastric secretion is supposed to be calcium-dependent. The effect of verapamil (0.3 mg/kg/h i.v.), a calcium channel-blocking agent, on stimulated gastric acid secretion and gastrin release was investigated in 8 mongrel dogs. Stimulation was either performed by bombesin (1.0 microgram/kg/h i.v.) or by insulin (0.3 U/kg i.v.). Verapamil significantly inhibited both the bombesin- and the insulin stimulated gastric acid secretion. Mean total gastric acid output over a 120-min period was 9.5 +/- (SEM) 2.2 mmol after bombesin stimulation and 6.3 +/- 2.0 mmol after bombesin and verapamil (p less than 0.01). The respective values were 15.3 +/- 2.0 mmol for insulin stimulation and 7.0 +/- 1.6 mmol for insulin and verapamil (p less than 0.01). There was no significant influence of verapamil on plasma gastrin concentrations. Thus, the impairment of acid secretion by verapamil is not due to an inhibition of gastrin release in intact dogs. PMID- 3905468 TI - Famotidine: nocturnal administration for gastric ulcer healing. Results of multicenter trials in Austria and Germany. AB - We conducted an 8-week, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled multicenter trial (Austria and Germany) to determine whether famotidine would speed healing or relief of symptoms in patients with benign gastric ulcer. Of the 65 patients who completed the trial, 32 received famotidine 40 mg once at night, and 33 received placebo. At 4, 6, and 8 weeks after entry, ulcers had healed in a larger percentage of patients treated with famotidine than in those treated with placebo (German multicenter trial: 65 vs. 46%, 95 vs. 71%, and 95 vs. 79%; Austrian multicenter trial: 42 vs. 44%, 67 vs. 44%, and 92 vs. 44%). In the famotidine group, healing had occurred significantly more often after 6 weeks (p less than 0.05). Famotidine was not superior to placebo in relieving ulcer symptoms. The findings suggest that famotidine in a single evening dose significantly hastens the healing of benign gastric ulcers. PMID- 3905469 TI - Near normoglycaemia improved nerve conduction and vibration sensation in diabetic neuropathy. AB - Twelve C-peptide deficient Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients with abnormal peripheral nerve function were randomly assigned to continuation of conventional insulin therapy (CIT) or to continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII). There were no statistically significant differences at entry to the study between the two treatment groups in nerve function assessed by neurologic disability score, computer assisted sensation examination and measurements of amplitudes, distal latencies, F-wave latencies and somatosensory evoked potential latencies over the spine and conduction velocities of motor and sensory fibers of ulnar, median, peroneal, tibial, plantar and sural nerves. In addition, mean plasma glucose from 24 h profiles (12.5 vs 10.6 mmol/l, respectively) and HbA1 (11.0 vs 11.6%, respectively) did not differ significantly between the two treatment groups at entry. Despite improved glycaemia from CSII in 5 patients (one dropped out of the study after 2 months) contrasted to CIT in 6 patients (5.3 vs 9.9 mmol/l, respectively, p = 0.002) and HbA1 (8.5 vs 10.7%, respectively, p = 0.002), there were no significant differences in measurements of peripheral nerve function after 4 months. After 8 months of improved glycaemia (4.4 vs 10.2 mmol/l, p = 0.004) and improved HbA1 (8.3 vs 10.5%, p = 0.002), nerve conduction (p = 0.03) and vibratory sensation threshold (p = 0.002) were significantly better in patients treated with CSII than those who received CIT. The improvements in nerve function, although small, provide further evidence that some clinical endpoints of neuropathy are favorably influenced by improved control of glycaemia. PMID- 3905470 TI - Free insulin levels and metabolic effects of meal-time bolus and square-wave intraperitoneal insulin infusion in insulin-dependent diabetic patients. AB - The intraperitoneal route may offer more physiological insulin delivery through absorption of a proportion of the dose into the portal circulation. We have compared 1-h square-wave and bolus supplemental infusions of a fixed dose of 10 U of intraperitoneal insulin in 6 C-peptide negative insulin-dependent diabetic patients eating a standard breakfast and compared the insulin, glucose and metabolite responses with those of non-diabetic control subjects. Blood glucose profiles were similar on the two experimental days and although the peak glucose levels were not different from normal they were delayed by 30 min (p less than 0.05). Basal free insulin levels were elevated in diabetic patients (square-wave 19.6 +/- 2.3, bolus 18.7 +/- 1.9 mU/l) compared to controls (7.3 +/- 1.0 mU/l, p less than 0.02) and rose more rapidly after bolus injection than infusion. Peak insulin concentration was achieved at 33 +/- 4 min after bolus, 90 +/- 13 min after infusion (p less than 0.02) and 39 +/- 5 min in normal control subjects. The shape of the profile of free insulin concentration was similar after bolus injection and in the controls, but after square-wave infusion the return to baseline was delayed (p less than 0.05). Fasting intermediary metabolite concentrations were normal on both study days in the patients, but serum cortisol levels were significantly elevated and glucagon concentrations low. Metabolite responses to the meal were not significantly different from normal after bolus injection but increases in lactate and glycerol were seen at some time points between 60 and 180 min after infusion. Glucagon levels remained low after square wave infusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3905471 TI - Effects of exogenous insulin on placental transfer of maternal glucose to the rat fetus. AB - There is controversy concerning the possible modulation of glucose transfer to the fetus by insulin acting on the maternal side of the placenta. To study this question, 20.5 day pregnant rats were infused simultaneously with (U-14C)-D glucose (via the jugular vein) and with different doses of insulin (via the left uterine artery) so that placentas from the left uterine horn were exposed to a higher insulin concentration than those from the right uterine horn. Placentas and fetuses from each uterine side were processed separately. No differences were detected in total blood radioactivity, plasma-14C-glucose, -14-C-lactate, glucose, or -radioimmunoassayable insulin in fetuses from the left versus the right uterine horn. Total placenta radioactivity and 14C-glycogen were also similar in the left and right uterine sides at all insulin doses studied. Infusion of insulin (66 mU/min) to the pregnant rat caused hyperinsulinaemia and hypoglycaemia, decreased blood total radioactivity and plasma 14C-glucose, and increased plasma 14C-lactate in the mother. The level of fetal plasma 14C-glucose paralleled that of the mother. It is concluded that in the rat, placental glucose uptake, its transfer to the fetus, and fetal glucose utilization are not directly affected by maternal circulating insulin. Metabolic changes occurring in fetuses of hyperinsulinaemic mothers are secondary to the decreased availability of glucose. PMID- 3905473 TI - Macrovascular disease in Caucasoid diabetic patients. PMID- 3905472 TI - Immunocytochemical localization of insulin-immunoreactive cells in the pancreatic ducts of rats treated with trypsin inhibitor. AB - It is well known that soybean trypsin inhibitor exerts trophic effects on the exocrine pancreas, resulting in the hypertrophy of acinar cells. Some evidence also exists for hyperplasia in acinar tissue, the ductal epithelium and islet tissue. Rats maintained for 3 weeks on an oral administration of soybean trypsin inhibitor (200 mg/50 ml drinking water) were compared with untreated animals. Significant changes were noted in treated animals (p less than 0.01). Trypsin inhibitor-treated rats showed an increase in pancreatic weight (2.33 +/- 0.46 g). The volume ratio of acinar, islet and connective tissue as measured by the stereology point-count technique remained the same in both groups. Ductal tissue, however, exhibited an increase in volume ratio, 3.77 +/- 4.38% per 2714 micron2 area of tissue, in trypsin inhibitor-treated animals. All tissue components showed an increase in the experimental animals: acinar (125%), islet (144%), ductal (325%) and connective tissue (94%). Increased size of acinar cell nuclei, as measured by average cord length, 6.20 +/- 0.13 micron, and a decreased nuclear density of acinar cells, 28 +/- 4.74 per 150 micron2 area of tissue, indicated hypertrophic changes in these cells of the experimental animals. Using immunohistochemical localization and the point-count technique, a significant fraction of the total pancreatic volume in experimental animals was represented by ducts containing immunoreactive cells. The percent of volume ratio, 0.42 +/- 0.15% per 2714 micron2 area of tissue, was calculated for ducts containing insulin-immunoreactive cells within their epithelium. PMID- 3905474 TI - Influence of glucose, insulin and sera from diabetic patients on the prostacyclin synthesis in vitro in cultured human endothelial cells. AB - The effects of glucose, insulin and sera from Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients on the synthesis of prostacyclin in vitro were studied in confluent primary cultures of human endothelial cells. The stable metabolite, 6-keto prostaglandin F1 alpha, was measured in growth medium after 24 h of incubation with endothelial cells in a buffer incubated with the cells for 10 min on a rocker platform, and in a buffer solution of ruptured cells. Glucose (11, 15, 20 or 25 mmol/l) and glucose (11 mmol/l) plus insulin (10(3), 10(4) or 10(6) mU/l) in growth medium did not have any effects on the prostacyclin synthesis. The prostacyclin synthesis was significantly reduced in cell cultures incubated with medium supplemented with 10% serum from patients with Type 1 diabetes (p less than 0.01) compared with cultures incubated with pooled serum from healthy blood donors. These data suggest that diabetic sera inhibit the prostacyclin synthesis in cultured endothelial cells unrelated to the glucose and insulin levels. PMID- 3905475 TI - Intravenous insulin has no effect on myocardial contractility or heart rate in healthy subjects. AB - To evaluate the acute effects of intravenous insulin on myocardial contractility and heart rate, echocardiography was performed in 12 healthy subjects and continuous heart rate recording in 11 healthy subjects before and during euglycaemic insulin and glucose infusion. The rate of insulin infusion was 0.5 1.0 mU X kg-1 X min-1. Serum insulin concentration was increased from 14.1 +/- 5.5 (mean +/- SD) to a plateau level of 91.3 +/- 22.8 mU/l. Left ventricular end diastolic diameter, ejection phase indices and the heart rate remained at basal levels during the intervention. Thus moderate hyperinsulinaemia, induced by euglycaemic insulin and glucose infusion, has no inotropic or chronotropic effects in healthy supine subjects. PMID- 3905476 TI - The relationship of cardiovascular risk factors to the prevalence of coronary heart disease in newly diagnosed type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes. AB - The relationship of cardiovascular risk factors to the prevalence of coronary heart disease was examined in 133 newly diagnosed Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients (70 men, 63 women) aged from 45 to 64 years and in 144 randomly selected non-diabetic control subjects (62 men, 82 women) of the same age. The prevalence of coronary heart disease in diabetic patients, defined by symptoms and ischaemic ECG abnormalities in resting or exercise ECG, was more than threefold that in non-diabetic subjects. In multiple logistic analyses (including age, history of smoking, hypertension (+/-), serum cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, 2-h post-glucose serum insulin, body mass index and diabetes (+/-] carried out separately for men and women, diabetes showed an independent, significant association to coronary heart disease in both sexes. In addition, age and hypertension had a borderline association to coronary heart disease in men, whereas smoking and high 2-h post-glucose serum insulin level showed a significant association in women. PMID- 3905477 TI - Immunogenicity of highly purified bovine insulin: a comparison with conventional bovine and highly purified human insulins. AB - Twenty-six Type 1 diabetic patients previously treated for 10-20 months with twice daily conventional bovine isophane insulin (containing at least 1000 ppm proinsulin) were changed to highly purified (less than 1 ppm proinsulin) bovine isophane for 6 months (Switch group). Insulin antibody levels fell significantly from a geometric mean of 14.9 to 9.1 micrograms/l. Thirty-two patients with newly diagnosed Type 1 diabetes were treated with the same highly purified bovine isophane insulin twice daily for 6 months (Starter group). Their insulin antibody levels rose from a geometric mean of 1.9 to 8.2 micrograms/l in contrast to values of 1.4 rising to 16.3 micrograms/l in an age and sex matched historical control group treated from diagnosis only with twice daily conventional bovine isophane insulin. Lipoatrophy at injection sites developed in three (9%) in the Starter group treated with highly purified bovine isophane compared to 7 (22%) of those on conventional bovine isophane. Insulin dose and diabetic control did not differ between the groups. Starter and Switch groups were subsequently treated with semi-synthetic human isophane insulin for 6 months during which insulin antibody levels fell significantly from a geometric mean of 8.5 to 4.4 micrograms/l (p less than 0.001). We conclude that bovine insulin purified to less than 1 ppm proinsulin is significantly less immunogenic than its conventional proinsulin contaminated counterpart but even at this level of purity is still more immunogenic than human insulin of equivalent purity. PMID- 3905478 TI - Acetyl-salicylic acid impairs insulin-mediated glucose utilization and reduces insulin clearance in healthy and non-insulin-dependent diabetic man. AB - The effect of acetyl-salicylic acid (ASA, 3 g per day for 3 days) on glucose utilization and insulin secretion was studied in healthy volunteers and Type 2 diabetic patients using the hyperglycaemic and euglycaemic insulin clamp technique. When in healthy subjects arterial plasma glucose was acutely raised and maintained at +7 mmol/l above fasting level, the plasma insulin response was enhanced by ASA (70 +/- 7 vs. 52 +/- 7 mU/l), whereas the plasma C-peptide response was identical. Despite higher insulin concentrations, glucose utilization was not significantly altered (control, 61 +/- 7; ASA, 65 +/- 6 mumol X kg-1 X min-1) indicating impairment of tissue sensitivity to insulin by ASA. Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis was not likely to be involved in the effect of ASA, since insulin response and glucose utilization were unchanged following treatment with indomethacin. In the euglycaemic insulin (1 mU X kg-1 X min-1) clamp studies, glucose utilization was unaltered by ASA despite higher insulin concentrations achieved during constant insulin infusion (103 +/- 4 vs. 89 +/- 4 mU/l). In Type 2 diabetic patients, fasting hyperglycaemia (10.6 +/- 1.1 mmol/l) and hepatic glucose production (15 +/- 2 mumol X kg-1 X min-1) fell upon ASA treatment (8.6 +/- 0.7 mmol/l; 13 +/- 1 mumol X kg-1 X min-1). During the hyperglycaemic clamp study, the plasma response of insulin, but not of C-peptide, was enhanced by ASA, whereas tissue sensitivity to insulin was reduced by 30 percent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3905479 TI - The protective role of copper-zinc superoxide dismutase against alloxan-induced diabetes: morphological aspects. AB - Copper-zinc superoxide dismutase is known to protect pancreatic beta-cell function from the damage of alloxan. A morphological investigation of copper-zinc superoxide dismutase prophylaxis against alloxan was undertaken in rats to investigate the mechanism of this protective action. Exogenous copper-zinc superoxide dismutase reproducibly protected the morphological features of pancreatic beta cells against damage by alloxan as determined by light microscopic immunostaining for insulin and by ultrastructural examination. By the same criteria, alpha and delta cells appeared unaffected by administration of a combination of alloxan and copper-zinc superoxide dismutase or either agent alone. Autoradiography after injection of 125I labelled copper-zinc superoxide dismutase into normal rats showed no evidence that the enzyme enters viable islet cells, suggesting an extracellular site of protection against alloxan. PMID- 3905480 TI - Glucagon-like peptide-1 but not glucagon-like peptide-2 stimulates insulin release from isolated rat pancreatic islets. AB - Glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucagon-like peptide-2 are encoded by the m-RNA of pancreatic preproglucagon. They show high conservation in different species and substantial sequence homology to glucagon. Because no definite biological activity of these peptides has been reported, we investigated the effect of synthetic C-terminally amidated glucagon-like peptide-1 [1-36] and synthetic human glucagon-like peptide-2 [1-34] with a free C-terminus on insulin release from isolated precultured rat pancreatic islets in the presence of glucose. Glucagon-like peptide-1 stimulates insulin release at 10 and 16.7 mmol/l glucose in a dose-dependent manner. Significant stimulation starts at 2.5 nmol/l in the presence of 10 mmol/l glucose and near maximal release is observed at 250 nmol/l, with approximately 100% increase over basal at both glucose concentrations. The peptide reaches 63% of the maximal stimulatory effect of glucagon. No stimulation occurs in the presence of 2.8 mmol/l glucose. Glucagon-like peptide-2 has no effect on insulin secretion at any glucose concentration tested. It is concluded that glucagon-like peptide-1, in contrast to glucagon-like peptide-2, exhibits a glucose-dependent insulinotropic action on isolated rat pancreatic islets similar to that of glucagon and gastric inhibitory polypeptide. PMID- 3905481 TI - HLA in relation to retinopathy, residual beta-cell function and age at onset in type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients. PMID- 3905482 TI - Toxicological evaluation of commercial alkyldimethylamine oxides: two-year chronic feeding and dermal studies. AB - Chronic feeding and dermal studies were conducted with commercial alkyldimethylamine oxides (ADAO) in rats and mice. Rats were dosed with 0.01, 0.1, or 0.2% w/v ADAO (on a 100% active basis) in their diet for 104 weeks. Mice were exposed to ADAO via a dermal application of 0.1 ml of an aqueous solution of ADAO at concentrations of 0.05, 0.13, or 0.26% w/v ADAO (on a 100% active basis) once daily three times per week for 104 weeks. No compound-related carcinogenic effects were observed in either chronic test. PMID- 3905483 TI - Enamel bonding: an alternative for the gerodontic patient. PMID- 3905484 TI - [Therapy of hyperfunctioning thyropathies]. PMID- 3905485 TI - [Symptomatic treatment of inflammatory pathology with nimesulide capsules]. PMID- 3905487 TI - [Clinical experimentation today: a historic turning-point for the medical profession]. PMID- 3905486 TI - [Arterial hypertension in patients with hepatic cirrhosis]. PMID- 3905488 TI - [200 years of digitalis: 1785-1985]. PMID- 3905489 TI - [Hypotheses and causes of body height progressions since mid 19th century--a scientific historical review. I: Discussion of causes since the end of the 19th century to mid 20th century, including references on body height development in the 19th century]. AB - This examination is trying to give a scientific historical survey of the hypothesis and the reasons for progression of height since the middle of the 19th century. These progressions of height are not based on a single reason, but were kept going by the addition of consecutive reasons. Physical relief is mainly responsible for the most recent phase of progression of height. PMID- 3905490 TI - [Organ-saving surgery of tubal pregnancy]. AB - Recently a number of authors have published their results of conservative treatment in tubal gestations. Numerous operative techniques have been described. This review tries to summarize the different operative approaches under special consideration of microsurgical techniques in regard to the authors experience. As a general rule conservative management of tubal gestation can be performed more extensively in the future. PMID- 3905491 TI - [Ultrasonographic early diagnosis of placenta praevia and its clinical value]. AB - The incidence of early placenta previa amounted to 4 per cent in 4142 ultrasonic screening examinations at 16-20 weeks of gestation. The displacement of the placental edge away from the internal cervical os (migration) was observed in 90 per cent of 158 early placenta previa by prospective study. 86 per cent of the migrations terminated at 28th gestational week. An individual prognostic assessment on the basis of the primary ultrasonic findings cannot be given. The risk of a late abortion was increased (4 per cent). After the migration the rate of the perinatal complications did not change. A second ultrasonic screening scan has already been suggested in the 28th gestational week to select the late migrating and persistent cases and for well-timed performance of preventive treatment. The methodic aspects are discussed. The term placental migration should be used in the ultrasonic nomenclature. PMID- 3905492 TI - [Sonographic diagnosis of fetal development disorders at the 1st Gynecologic Clinic of the Munich University 1984]. AB - The diagnostic accuracy of sonographic screening is demonstrated by the results obtained in 171 pregnant women referred to the Department of Gynaecology of the University of Munich during 1984 for on-target sonography of foetal developmental disturbances. The accuracy was found to be 80%. Examination of pregnant women at risk shows a very low rate of developmental disturbances. The consequences arising from the observed disturbances of development are discussed. PMID- 3905493 TI - [Sonographic detection and consequences of prenatally recognizable abnormalities]. AB - Four cases of a fetal malformation and the antenatal diagnosis by ultrasound are reported (omphalocele, hydronephrosis, hydrocephaly, esophagus atresia). In our clinic about 50% of all fetuses with a malformation presented one of the reported anomalies. The obstetric, neonatale and surgical cooperation is essential in the management of the delivery and will improve fetal outcome. Frequently associated malformations are discussed. PMID- 3905494 TI - [Sonography in early pregnancy from the viewpoint of the pregnant patient]. AB - Psychological effects of an ultrasound exam in early pregnancy were assessed on 59 women (33 primiparae, 26 multiparae). The subjects were between their 12 to 18th week of pregnancy and did not have a prior ultrasound exam in the present pregnancy. Ultrasound was performed under high feedback conditions explaining the image on the screen thoroughly. After the exam patients rated the method and the emotions accompanying it on polarity profiles. Ultrasound as a method was evaluated highly positive with only very few deviant opinions. The emotions raised by it did vary considerably, however, despite the basically positive attitude. Of the 59 women interviewed, 53 and 52, resp., agreed with the statement, that they could gain a clearer image of the baby and of their own body. PMID- 3905495 TI - [Pregnancy complications caused by choledochus cyst]. AB - A 27 year old primipara up to the 22nd gestational week without serious complaints developed a huge choledochal cyst with classical signs of tumour in the right upper abdomen, pain, and icterus. Diagnosis, monitoring, and therapy, as well as causal relationship to pregnancy, are discussed. PMID- 3905496 TI - [Complication-free pregnancy following bone marrow transplantation for severe aplastic anemia]. AB - A bone marrow transplant had to be performed in a woman of 25 years of age because of severe aplastic anaemia. Immunosuppressive conditioning treatment consisted of 50 mg/kg cyclophosphamide given for four consecutive days. Regular menses reappeared already after four months. Pregnancy was confirmed after a year that resulted in giving birth to a healthy child in the 38th week of pregnancy via Caesarean section. PMID- 3905497 TI - [Cytogenetic studies in various forms of anemia]. PMID- 3905498 TI - [The first transfusion of placental blood]. PMID- 3905499 TI - Effect of mammalian luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone on plasma testosterone in male alligators, with observations on the nature of alligator hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone. AB - Mature and subadult male alligators (30-50 kg body wt) were injected with a single dose (500 micrograms) of synthetic LH-RH. A blood sample was taken immediately before the hormone was injected and additional samples taken either at 24-hr or at 2-hr intervals up to 8 hr followed by a 24-hr sample. Testosterone concentrations in the blood were then determined by radioimmunoassay. LH-RH caused an increase in plasma testosterone in all animals by 2 hr. Plasma testosterone was still significantly higher in the LH-RH-injected animals than in the saline-injected group at 24 hr. Alligators, therefore, differ from other reptiles in that they respond to the mammalian hormone. Hypothalamic tissue from immature alligators was extracted and tested for the presence of immunoreactive LH-RH-like material using two different antisera. One of the antisera (IJ-29) did not cross-react with the tissue extract, whereas a good parallel displacement curve was obtained when the extract was tested against the other antiserum (R 42). Based on the known specificities of the antisera we conclude that alligator hypothalamic tissue contains an LH-RH-like peptide that differs from the mammalian hormone in at least the 8 position, and that alligator LH-RH may be similar to chicken LH-RH. PMID- 3905500 TI - In vitro study of the direct ovarian effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in the frogs, Rana pipiens and Rana catesbeiana. AB - Ovaries from the leopard frog, Rana pipiens, and bullfrog, R. catesbeiana, were used to study potential direct extrapituitary effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). GnRH alone did not alter steroid secretion from ovaries in either species. Ovarian fragments containing mature follicles from R. pipiens were incubated in several submaximal doses of homologous pituitary homogenate or purified bullfrog luteinizing hormone (LH) together with 1000 ng/ml GnRH. The addition of GnRH failed to alter testosterone (T) or progesterone secretion or germinal vesicle breakdown over a wide dose range of gonadotropin. The effects of supramaximal doses of pituitary homogenate on R. pipiens and the effects of homologous LH on T secretion by fragments of R. catesbeiana ovaries were also unaffected by the presence of GnRH. The lack of a GnRH effect on the dynamics of T secretion in the bullfrog was further confirmed in a superfusion system with homologous pituitary homogenate. This study fails to demonstrate an action of GnRH at the level of the ovary in two ranid species. PMID- 3905502 TI - Stress-induced inhibition of reproduction: evidence of suppressed secretion of LH RH in an amphibian. AB - Male rough-skinned newts (Taricha granulosa) were used to investigate the hormonal responses associated with stress-induced inhibition of reproduction. When male newts were confined for 1 hr, using a procedure that previously had elicited physiological stress responses, androgen concentrations decreased in the plasma and immunoreactive (ir) LH-RH concentrations increased in the infundibulum and rostral hypothalamus. Likewise, when male newts were injected with 25 micrograms of corticosterone, androgen concentrations decreased and hypothalamic irLH-RH concentrations increased. These data, which are from experiments in February, support the hypothesis that in this amphibian, exposure to acute stress or to exogenous corticosterone can suppress plasma androgen titers by inhibiting the release of LH-RH from the hypothalamus. The effects of the confinement procedure and the injection of corticosterone on the concentrations of irLH-RH and androgens were different for newts in September than for newts in February. PMID- 3905501 TI - Blockade of the pressor response to angiotensins I and II in the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana. AB - We examined the effects of three angiotensin II (AII) analogs, [Sar1,Ala8] AII, [Sar1,Ile8] AII, and [Sar1,Thr8] AII, phenoxybenzamine and captopril on the pressor response to angiotensins I (AI) and II (AII) and norepinephrine (NE) in the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana. Injection of AI and AII at 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 micrograms/kg, or NE at 3 micrograms/kg elicited dose-dependent rises in blood pressure. [Sar1,Ile8] AII (10 micrograms/kg/min) significantly blocked the pressor effects of all AI and AII doses. [Sar1,Ala8] AII blocked only the highest dose, and [Sar1,Thr8] AII produced no blockade. Captopril (0.1 mg/kg bolus + 0.5 mg/kg/hr) significantly reduced the response to AI, but not AII or NE. Phenoxybenzamine (5-10 mg bolus + 1 mg/kg/hr) blocked NE, and partially inhibited (36-49%) the pressor effects of AI and AII. These results demonstrate that (1) [Sar1,Ile8] AII is a potent angiotensin antagonist in the bullfrog, while [Sar1,Ala8] AII is partially effective and [Sar1,Thr8] AII is largely ineffectual; (2) captopril is an effective converting enzyme inhibitor; and (3) a portion of the angiotensin response can be inhibited by alpha-receptor blockade and is apparently due to catecholamine release. PMID- 3905503 TI - A pituitary-like role of the neural gland of an ascidian. AB - The neural gland of the ascidian Styela plicata has been investigated by means of the indirect immunofluorescence method. The possible homology with the vertebrate anterior pituitary is raised and discussed with reference to the existing literature and to the presence of ACTH-like immunoreactive cells in the neural gland. PMID- 3905504 TI - Specific uptake, dissociation, and degradation of 125I-labeled insulin in isolated turtle (Chrysemys dorbigni) thyroid glands. AB - Thyroid glands from turtles (Chrysemys dorbigni) pretreated with potassium iodide were incubated with 125I-insulin in the presence or absence of unlabeled insulin, in order to study its specific uptake. At 24 degrees, the specific uptake reached a plateau at 180 min of incubation. The dose of bovine insulin that inhibited 50% of the 125I-insulin uptake was 2 micrograms/ml of incubation medium. Most of the radioactive material (71%) extracted from the gland, after 30 min incubation with 125I-insulin, eluted in the same position as labeled insulin on Sephadex G-50. Only 24% eluted in the salt position. After 240 min incubation, increased amount of radioactivity appeared in the Na125I position. When bovine insulin was added together with the labeled hormone, a substantial reduction of radioactivity was observed in the insulin and Na125I elution positions. Dissociation studies were performed at 6 degrees in glands preincubated with 125I-insulin either at 24 or 6 degrees. The percentage of trichloroacetic acid (TCA)-soluble radioactive material in the dissociation medium increased with incubation time at both temperatures. However, the degradation activity was lower at 6 than at 24 degrees. The addition of bovine insulin to the incubation buffer containing 125I insulin reduced the radioactive degradation products in the dissociated medium. Chloroquine or bacitracin inhibited the degradation activity. Incubation of thyroid glands with 125I-hGH or 125I-BSA showed values of uptake, dissociation, and degradation similar to those experiments in which an excess of bovine insulin was added together with the labeled hormone. Thus, by multiple criteria, such as specific uptake, dissociation, and degradation, the presence of insulin-binding sites in the turtle thyroid gland may be suggested. PMID- 3905505 TI - Map positions of yeast genes SIR1, SIR3 and SIR4. AB - The HML and HMR loci in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae each contain a complete copy of mating-type information. HML and HMR normally are transcriptionally inactive due to four unlinked genes, known as MAR or SIR or CMT. The map position of MAR1 (SIR2) has been reported previously; it is located on the left arm of chromosome IV, 27 cM from the centromere. Using conventional meiotic and mitotic mapping combined with recombinant DNA techniques, we have mapped three other SIR genes. SIR1 maps near the telomere of the right arm of chromosome XI; SIR3 (MAR2) maps to the right arm of chromosome XII, 31 cM distal to URA4; and SIR4 maps to the right arm of chromosome IV, 16 cM proximal to LYS4. PMID- 3905506 TI - SUM1, an apparent positive regulator of the cryptic mating-type loci in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - The mating-type information residing at the HML and HMR loci in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is kept unexpressed by the action of at least four MAR (or SIR) loci. To determine possible interactions between the MAR/SIR gene products and to find new regulatory loci, we sought extragenic suppressors of the mar1-1 mutation. A strain with the genotype HMLa MAT alpha HMRa mar1-1 is unable to mate because of the simultaneous expression of a and alpha information. A mutant of this strain was isolated that exhibits an alpha phenotype and, therefore, presumably fails to express the HML and HMR loci. We designate the new locus SUM1 (suppressor of mar). The mutation is recessive, centromere unlinked and does not correspond to the MAT, HML, HMR, SIR1, MAR1, MAR2 (SIR3) or SIR4 loci. The sum1 mutation affects expression of both a and alpha information at the HM loci. Suppression by sum1-1 is neither allele specific nor locus specific as it suppresses a deletion mutation of the MAR1 locus and mutations in SIR3 and SIR4. The sum1-1 mutation has no discernible phenotype in a Mar+ strain. We propose that the MAR/SIR gene products negatively regulate the SUM1 locus, the gene product of which is necessary for expression of the HM loci. PMID- 3905507 TI - Guide to CAT scanning in hospital psychiatry. Overview of clinical practice and criteria for use. AB - Advances in imaging techniques have resulted in increasing use of computed axial tomography (CAT) in clinical psychiatry. Treatable brain lesions predominantly manifesting as emotional and behavioral symptoms can be detected with relative ease and safety by CAT scanning. Criteria to select these high-risk psychiatric patients for CAT exam are vague and sparse compared to more abundant guidelines for scanning neurologic and medical patients with focal signs of physical abnormality. The few existing surveys of inpatient psychiatry CAT scanning reveal a 65-70% range of normal findings. As more and more patients are scanned, such an obviously large group of "normals" should not be exposed to current CAT exam costs and risks; at the same time, it is necessary to ensure that those psychiatric patients warranting the procedure are not neglected in referral. This article highlights clinical aspects of CAT brain imaging, summarizes the existing literature on inpatient psychiatry CAT scanning, and recommends initial criteria for CAT brain examination of hospitalized patients. PMID- 3905508 TI - [Effect of the adenine level of a culture medium on the frequency of revertants in haploid yeasts]. AB - The frequency of reversion from adenine auxotrophy in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae increases with the decrease of adenine concentration in the medium: for the 8PG-59 strain (a ade2-192 rad2) the reversion frequency is 1.7 X 10(-8), 3.2 X 10(-6) and 1.8 X 10(-5) per cell division, the initial adenine concentrations being 10, 1 and 0.1 mg/l, respectively. An increase of the reversion frequency with the culture age in the stationary phase of growth is demonstrated using an improved method of registration of revertants, with the initial concentration of 0.1 mg/l of adenine in the medium. The reversion frequency was 9.1 X 10(-7) on the 7th day, 1.8 X 10(-6) on the 10th day and 1.8 X 10(-5) on the 14th day. PMID- 3905509 TI - [Bacterial RecA protein: a biochemical, genetic and physicochemical analysis]. AB - A review of the role of evolutionary significant bacterial RecA protein in the cell is presented. The topics discussed are: elementary properties of the protein; its main functions in the cell (recombination and SOS-response); the formation, dissociation and regulation of the activated RecA protein complex and its cofactors, including the single-stranded DNA binding protein (SSB); functional domains in the recA gene structure; formation of RecA protein complex with single- and double-stranded DNA; RecA-like proteins in different microorganisms. PMID- 3905510 TI - [Genetic and biochemical study of yeast acid phosphatases. XI. Gene ACP80 controls inorganic phosphate transport]. AB - Mutations in the gene ACP80 which simultaneously lead to constitutive synthesis of repressible acid phosphatases, resistance to 1 X 10(-3) M sodium arsenate and to the disturbance of phosphate uptake in the cell were obtained. Mutations suppressible by ochre suppressors in this gene were identified. The conclusion that the gene ACP80 encodes a protein which participates in the phosphate transport into the cell, was drawn. A selective method for isolation of mutations in this gene is proposed. PMID- 3905511 TI - The primary structure of the yeast hexokinase PII gene (HXK2) which is responsible for glucose repression. AB - The nucleotide sequence of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene encoding the glycolytic isoenzyme hexokinase PII (HXK2), which is responsible for triggering glucose repression, has been determined. The reading frame was identified by comparison with the N-terminal undecameric amino acid (aa) sequence, determined previously [Schmidt and Colowick, Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 158 (1973) 458-470]. The codon sequence was not random, with 82.1% of the aa specified by only 25 codons. The structural gene sequence corresponded to 1455 bp, coding for 485 aa residues, corresponding to the Mr of 53 800 for the HXK2 monomer. Five initiation regions spanning 162 bp and three termination sites spanning 29 bp were detected. Sequences with similarities to a 5'-TATAAA-3' sequence were located 24-39 bp upstream of each initiation region. The most pronounced initiation region corresponded to the 5'-TATAAA-3' sequence at position -152. Two of the minor initiation sites were inside the coding sequence in front of two ATG codons. PMID- 3905512 TI - Cloning of a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene of Streptomyces acrimycini and its expression in Streptomyces and Escherichia coli. AB - A gene (cat) for chloramphenicol (Cm) acetyltransferase (CAT) was cloned from Streptomyces acrimycini into S. lividans 66 on the plasmid vector pIJ61. The cat gene was localized on a 1.7-kb BclI fragment, which probably also carries the cat promoter. This DNA fragment conferred Cm resistance, through CAT activity, on S. lividans, S. coelicolor and S. parvulus, but not on Escherichia coli when inserted in the BamHI site of the tetracycline-resistance(TcR) gene of pBR322. However, when inserted in a particular orientation in this site, spontaneous deletions of 0.7 kb led to CAT activity and Cm resistance. DNA homologous to the 1.7-kb BclI cat fragment was found in most, but not all, of a series of other streptomycetes that have CAT activity. The cat provides a potentially useful screening marker for Streptomyces cloning vectors. PMID- 3905513 TI - Demonstration of remarkable sequence divergence in variants of a complex satellite DNA by molecular cloning. AB - Repeat units of a complex G + C-rich satellite of the Bermuda land crab have been cloned by insertion into either the PstI or EcoRI site of pBR322 or the EcoRI site of pUC9. While most of the recombinants contained inserts of approx. 2.1 kb, the average size of repeat units seen in cellular satellite digests, several inserts were markedly different in size. Two domains that account for major sequence differences among the satellite variants and that may be 'hotspots' for sequence modification have been subcloned to permit characterization of their secondary and tertiary structures independent of the influence of the other unusual sequences present. One of these domains is striking in its content of simple repeats; one strand is highly biased in pyrimidines which may permit the formation of unusual secondary and/or tertiary conformations. The other subcloned domain is rich in Pu/Py; preliminary data indicate a transition from B----Z DNA in this region. PMID- 3905515 TI - Non-toxic expression in Escherichia coli of a plasmid-encoded gene for phage T4 lysozyme. AB - The phage T4 gene coding for lysozyme has been cloned into a plasmid under control of the (trp/lac) hybrid tac promoter and expressed in Escherichia coli with no significant toxic effect to actively growing cells. E. coli D1210 (lacIq) transformed with this plasmid produced active T4 lysozyme at levels up to 2% of the cellular protein after induction with isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactoside. A strain producing active lysozyme was shown to be under a selective disadvantage when co-cultured with a similar strain producing inactive lysozyme. Purified strains, however, are reasonably stable in culture and under normal storage conditions. PMID- 3905514 TI - The histidine permease gene (HIP1) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - The histidine-specific permease gene (HIP1) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been mapped, cloned, and sequenced. The HIP1 gene maps to the right arm of chromosome VII, approx. 11 cM distal to the ADE3 gene. The gene was isolated as an 8.6-kb BamHI-Sau3A fragment by complementation of the histidine-specific permease deficiency in recipient yeast cells. We sequenced a 2.4-kb subfragment of this BamHI-Sau3A fragment containing the HIP1 gene and identified a 1596-bp open reading frame (ORF). We confirmed the assignment of the 1596-bp ORF as the HIP1 coding sequence by sequencing a hip1 nonsense mutation. Analysis of the amino acid (aa) sequence of the HIP1 gene reveals several hydrophobic stretches, but shows no obvious N-terminal signal peptide. We have constructed a deletion of the HIP1 gene in vitro and replaced the wild-type copy of the gene with this deletion. The hip1 deletion mutant can grow when it is supplemented with 30 mM histidine, 50 times the amount required for the growth of HIP1 cells. Revertants of this deletion mutant able to grow on a normal level of histidine arise by mutation in unlinked genes. Both these observations suggest that there are additional, low-affinity pathways for histidine uptake. PMID- 3905516 TI - The Escherichia coli strain JM105 contains partial supE activity. AB - The Escherichia coli JM105 strain was constructed as a sup0 strain to facilitate the cloning of selected recombinants (Yanisch-Perron et al., 1985). In our work with bacteriophage T4, we observed that several T4 am mutants could grow on JM105. To characterize the suppressor activity of JM105, we tested the growth of several T4 am mutants on a variety of E. coli suppressor-containing strains. PMID- 3905517 TI - Nucleotide sequence of the ksgA gene of Escherichia coli: comparison of methyltransferases effecting dimethylation of adenosine in ribosomal RNA. AB - The ksgA gene of Escherichia coli encodes a methyltransferase (MeT) that specifically dimethylates two adjacent adenosines near the 3' end of 16S RNA in the 30S particle. Its inactivation leads to kasugamycin (Ksg) resistance. Several plasmids were constructed with inserts which complemented chromosomal ksgA mutations. One of these inserts was sequenced and found to contain an open reading frame (ORF) sufficient to code for the previously identified 30-kDal MeT. We have compared the amino acid (aa) sequence of the ksgA-encoded enzyme with three published sequences of MeT involved in dimethylation of an adenosine residue in 23S RNA and rendering the organisms resistant to the MLS antibiotics. The homologous patches in the sequences of all four enzymes suggest that those might correspond to contact points for the common substrates, e.g., for the adenosine residue(s) and S-adenosylmethionine (SAM). PMID- 3905518 TI - Erythrocyte flow velocity changes with age and sex in augmented supraorbital, superficial temporal and common carotid pulses. AB - Doppler-shifted ultrasound and spectral analysis were used to assess signals from augmented supraorbital and superficial temporal pulses, and the common carotid pulse 4 cm above the base of the neck of 658 (270 male, 388 female) asymptomatic subjects aged 5-90 years. The sonagrams obtained showed two peaks (A and B) during cardiac systole and the ratio of these peaks (A/B) decreased between the ages of 20 and 50 years, and then levelled out. Mean male values of common carotid sonagrams were significantly higher than female values during this age range (p less than 0.001). PMID- 3905519 TI - The morphological features of bovine meshwork cells in vitro and their synthetic activities. AB - The morphological characteristics of 3rd-passage cultured bovine meshwork cells were investigated, as were some of their synthetic activities. Growing meshwork cells had the ultrastructural characteristics of metabolically active cells whereas postconfluent cells formed gap junctions at their lateral borders and were closer in their fine structure to meshwork cells in vivo. The incorporation of 3H proline and 3H glucosamine was significantly greater in growing than postconfluent cultures. The normal bovine outflow system was rich in type I collagen but type V collagen and fibronectin was also evident. The 3rd-passage cells were shown to synthesize type I collagen, type V collagen and fibronectin. However, ultrastructural studies of the extracellular matrix which was produced in vitro demonstrated the presence of small fibrils with no distinctive banding pattern, unlike the larger collagen fibrils with a 640 A banding pattern seen in vivo. PMID- 3905520 TI - Facial nerve repair. PMID- 3905521 TI - [Effect of nitrites and nitrates on the health status of the population]. PMID- 3905522 TI - [Experimental substantiation of the relation between biochemical and immunological reactions and body resistance to infection after administration of aniline]. PMID- 3905523 TI - [Hygienic evaluation of the C-14 level in the biosphere]. PMID- 3905524 TI - Thalia meets Tithonus: gerontological wit and humor in literature. PMID- 3905525 TI - [Renal transplants and pregnancy]. PMID- 3905526 TI - [Correlation of the echographic pattern of the placenta and of biparietal diameter with fetal lung maturity]. PMID- 3905527 TI - [Correlation of fetal maturity indices]. PMID- 3905528 TI - [Intracoronary thrombolytic therapy of acute myocardial infarction]. PMID- 3905529 TI - Sample taking problems in measuring actual histamine levels of human gastroduodenal mucosa: specific and general relevance in clinical trials on peptic ulcer pathogenesis and selective proximal vagotomy. AB - Changes in histamine storage in the oxyntic mucosa of duodenal ulcer patients and their reversal by vagotomy and the histamine H2-antagonist cimetidine supported the hypothesis that histamine could be a causal factor in peptic ulcer pathogenesis. The specificity of these findings was impaired by problems in biopsy taking, however, and in the preparative steps before measuring the actual histamine contents in all parts of the gastric mucosa and in the duodenum. A prospective trial was carried out in 190 patients to identify these sources of bias and to overcome them by appropriate study designs. Usually a direct correlation was found between weight of biopsy and mucosal histamine content. This problem was solved by selecting a biopsy forceps producing smaller variations in sample size, by limiting the time of cold ischaemia to four to five minutes only and by taking three biopsy specimens for each single histamine value. The actual histamine content of mucosal biopsies remained constant for about four to five minutes only. The 'disappearance' rate was faster in control subjects than in duodenal ulcer patients. Hence by variation of the cold ischaemia time any artefacts of differences between mucosal histamine levels in controls and duodenal ulcer patients could be produced. Using the optimised sample taking procedure mucosal histamine contents of several gastric regions and the duodenal bulb were measured in 24 patients with duodenal ulcer, after selective proximal vagotomy without drainage and in control subjects without any stomach disease (randomised controlled trial). The histamine content was lower in all parts of the upper gastrointestinal tract in duodenal ulcer patients than in controls and was raised again in all regions after selective proximal vagotomy. As the most likely hypothesis it is suggested that vagal reflexes with afferent fibres coming from the oxyntic mucosa stimulate histamine release in duodenal ulcer patients by efferent peptidergic neurones to all parts of the stomach and the duodenum where the ulcer lesion is situated. PMID- 3905530 TI - Antibody mediated hepatocyte injury in methyl dopa induced hepatotoxicity. AB - To investigate the mechanisms underlying the hepatotoxicity induced by methyl dopa, we have examined sera from nine patients with liver damage following the use of the drug for evidence of sensitisation to drug altered liver cell membrane antigens using both immunofluorescence and antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity. Five sera induced significant cytotoxicity to hepatocytes isolated from rabbits pretreated with methyl dopa after exposure to the mixed function oxidase inducer, Arachlor 1254. Sera from 10 patients on methyl dopa but with normal liver function and 32 patients with other drug and viral induced liver damage, gave normal cytotoxicity values. Two of the antibody positive sera gave a specific immunofluorescence pattern at the periphery of human hepatocytes when tested on liver biopsy specimens taken from patients taking methyl dopa. These findings are consistent with the view that immune mechanisms directed against drug associated antigens are involved in severe liver damage from methyl dopa administration and that metabolic activation of the drug is implicated in the generation of drug associated antigen. The need for a combination of immune and metabolic factors may explain the rarity of this condition. PMID- 3905531 TI - Transperineal fine needle biopsy of gynecological tumors guided by transrectal ultrasound: a new method. AB - Six patients had transperineal fine needle biopsy of a pelvic mass performed guided by transrectal ultrasound. Five patients following treatment for gynecological cancer with inconclusive gynecological palpation had a transrectal ultrasound examination performed because abdominal ultrasound did not disclose abnormality. One patient with low back pain had a pelvic mass disclosed with abdominal ultrasound and was referred to transrectal ultrasound for biopsy. In all cases a pelvic lesion was visualized with transrectal ultrasound and transperineal fine needle biopsy was performed. In five cases sufficient material for cytological as well as histological evaluation was obtained showing malignant disease. In one case only necrotic tissue was obtained and subsequent operation disclosed inflammatory changes. It is concluded that transrectal ultrasound combined with transperineal biopsy is a valuable diagnostic tool in the follow-up of patients treated for gynecological cancer. PMID- 3905532 TI - Reactivity of anti-human sperm monoclonal antibodies with normal placenta, hydatidiform mole, and gestational choriocarcinoma. AB - The current study was undertaken to examine reactivity patterns of well characterized anti-human sperm monoclonal antibodies with normal placenta, complete hydatidiform mole (HM), and gestational choriocarcinoma (CCA). Two anti human sperm monoclonal antibodies (MA2 and MA7) out of a panel of 14 reacted with human CCA cell lines but did not react with the trophoblast of 4 HM or 4 normal placentas from 13 weeks to term gestation in immunofluorescence and absorption tests. Therefore, in terms of expressing these sperm-embryonic antigens, the trophoblast of HM is more like normal placental trophoblast than CCA. The relationships among normal placenta, HM, and CCA may be better understood by continued studies on the pattern of expression of additional embryonic antigens in these three gestational tissues. PMID- 3905533 TI - [Possibilities of the covering of scalp defects after injury or tumor resection]. AB - The coverage of extensive defects of the scalp is sometimes a problem. In some clinical cases the methods of definitive coverage are shown. Microsurgery permits the replantation of a scalp or the coverage of a defect with a free flap. A new technique consists in the use of a tissue expander to stretch the remaining scalp. PMID- 3905534 TI - [High-frequency sonographic analysis of postoperative blood flow properties after microvascular anastomoses]. AB - Examination of blood flow characteristics using high frequency ultrasonic waves, has shown that in the region of the microvascular anastomosis, even in successfully replanted digits, there is turbulent flow. If this turbulence increases in the first 30 minutes following release of the clamps, vascular occlusion may be expected. In order to monitor the blood flow characteristics during the post-operative period, a high frequency ultrasonic measuring device has been developed which assisted by computer detects the spectrum analysis of the shift frequency delta f proportional to the erythrocyte velocity. This data is presented instantaneously on a monitor and shows fine changes in the flow characteristics permitting early intervention. PMID- 3905535 TI - [Reconstruction of the neck outline after burns using microsurgical technics]. AB - Cervical burn contractures require early correction because of aesthetic, mechanical and functional reasons. Respiration may be impaired and intubation prove difficult due to contractures. If correction of the contracture is not possible with conventional techniques, then free flaps may be used for neck reconstruction. In this series seven patients had two radial arm flaps, two had latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flaps, one had a latissimus dorsi muscle flap, one a dorsalis pedis flap, and one had a groin flap. Six out of seven free flaps healed without any complications. In one case, using a free groin flap a superficial necrosis was excised and skin grafted. In all cases unrestricted movement of the neck was achieved after physiotherapy. By contouring the flaps a good cosmetic result was achieved. PMID- 3905536 TI - [New aspects of the reconstruction of large defects of the oral mucosa with microvascularly anastomosed small intestinal grafts]. AB - Our experience in reconstruction of extensive defects in the oral mucosa with free jejunal grafts in 15 patients is reported. The jejunum provides a well vascularised mucosal lining, which is resistant to mechanical stress and being a thin flap contours well in the mouth. Methods of avoiding technical failure are described. The technique permits radical resection of oral tumours. PMID- 3905537 TI - [Covering of foot defects with a freely tranplanted saphenous graft and complications during the procedure]. AB - Sensible flaps should be transferred to cover defects in the sole of the foot. The free neurovascular saphenous flap with intra- and postoperative complications is demonstrated in a case report. The authors prefer now the neurovascular forearm flap. PMID- 3905538 TI - [Proteus mirabilis meningitis presenting as hydrocephalus in an infant]. PMID- 3905539 TI - [Real time ultrasound in the diagnosis of false route during uterine curettage]. PMID- 3905540 TI - [Mycotoxins]. PMID- 3905541 TI - [Neurological complications in herpes zoster and possible mechanisms]. PMID- 3905542 TI - [Heart valve replacement in high risk patients]. PMID- 3905544 TI - The Jones' fracture in the nonathlete. AB - A review of the literature concerning Jones' fractures yields a relatively recent description of the entity as a chronic condition frequently arising as a stress fracture in young athletes and not infrequently requiring surgical correction. Over a 5-year period, we have treated 53 patients with Jones' fracture. All patients were nonathletes. Each described, as Jones did originally, an acute injury. Thirty-six patients were followed to union. There were two delayed unions and no nonunions. PMID- 3905543 TI - Evaluation of ochratoxin A for mutagenicity in a battery of bacterial and mammalian cell assays. AB - Ochratoxin A (OA), a nephrotoxic mycotoxin, was evaluated for genotoxic potential in a battery of in vitro and in vivo assays. OA was not mutagenic to Salmonella typhimurium, either with or without metabolic activation, in the plate incorporation (Ames) test at concentrations of 50-600 micrograms OA/plate or in the gradient plate assay at concentrations of 0.1-1000 micrograms OA/ml. No induction of unscheduled DNA synthesis was evident in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes exposed to concentrations of OA ranging from 0.000025 to 500 micrograms/ml. In the mouse lymphoma forward mutation assay, exposure of L5178Y TK+/- mouse lymphoma cells to OA did not increase the numbers of L5178Y TK-/- mutants. There was no significant difference between the numbers of sister chromatid exchanges in cells from OA-treated Chinese hamsters and those in cells from the negative-control animals. PMID- 3905546 TI - [Pathogenesis of kidney dysfunction by artificial respiration with positive endexpiratory pressure (PEEP)]. PMID- 3905545 TI - [Ranitidine and cimetidine in the prevention of recurrence of duodenal ulcer. A randomized, double-blind, multicenter comparative study]. PMID- 3905547 TI - [The elderly and rheumatism--then and now. 1: History]. PMID- 3905548 TI - [Migraine prevention with dihydroergotamine]. PMID- 3905549 TI - A case of infection of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis associated with complement abnormalities. PMID- 3905550 TI - Rising rates of surgery among the elderly. PMID- 3905551 TI - Selective contracting in California. PMID- 3905552 TI - Is cost containment working? PMID- 3905553 TI - Biosynthesis of the insulin receptor. PMID- 3905554 TI - Diazoxide prevents the development of hormonal and metabolic abnormalities present in rats fed a sucrose rich diet. AB - We have previously reported that normal Wistar rats fed an isocaloric, sucrose rich (63%) diet (SRD) developed glucose intolerance and elevated triglyceride levels in plasma (P) as well as in heart (H) and liver (L) tissue. This metabolic state was accompanied by hyperinsulinism both in vivo and in vitro, suggesting that a state of insulin resistance has developed. In order to gather information on the role of hyperinsulinemia and glucose intolerance in the development of the above lipid metabolism abnormalities, diazoxide, a known insulin release blocking agent was administered (120 mg/kg/day) together with the diet (SRD + DZX) for 22 days. Control groups fed a standard chow (STD) or the STD plus diazoxide (STD + DZX) were included in the study. Under the present experimental design, DZX was able to prevent the development of hyperinsulinism, glucose intolerance and elevated levels of triacylglycerol in plasma, heart and liver present in animals fed on a sucrose rich diet. Our results suggest that mechanisms involved in the development of this nutritionally induced syndrome may include an interaction of hyperinsulinemia, with a direct effect of sucrose on several steps of lipid metabolism. PMID- 3905555 TI - Insulin receptor changes in type 2 diabetes after short term insulin treatment. AB - We have studied erythrocyte insulin receptor changes before and after 8 days of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion by a pump in 11 uncontrolled obese non insulin-dependent diabetics (type 2), diet and drug resistant for at least three months previously. All the patients were hospitalized. On day 1 of the study, their oral hypoglycemic agents were stopped and hypocaloric diet (1000 Kcal/day) was maintained (strictly reinforced). This period of reinforced treatment was not accompanied by correction of hyperglycemia. On day 9 patients were placed for 12 hours on artificial pancreas in order to bring their fasting blood glucose levels down to normal values. Then they were submitted to a continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) for the following 8 days. There was a significant decrease in mean fasting plasma glucose (P less than 0.001) and a rise in insulin (P less than 0.05) levels after insulin treatment. Mean specific insulin binding was also significantly increased (P less than 0.01). The increase in binding (with insulin therapy) correlated with the fall in fasting hyperglycemia (r = 0.786, P less than 0.01). In addition, the increase in binding correlated negatively with changes in fasting plasma insulin levels (r = -0.867, P less than 0.01), under treatment, on one hand and with the dose of exogenous insulin administered (r = -0.681, P less than 0.05) on the other hand. There was no correlation between binding and fasting plasma insulin levels (before and after insulin therapy), or between diabetes duration and any of the previous parameters.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3905556 TI - Insulin resistance in Cushing's syndrome. AB - Insulin resistance is well established in Cushing's syndrome, but its mechanisms are not completely understood. We performed the euglycemic insulin clamp technique on four patients with Cushing's syndrome, five obese patients and five normal volunteers, in order to determine the role of impairments in insulin responsiveness and insulin clearance in hypercorticism and obesity. Insulin was infused at 0.3, 1, 3 and 10 mU/kg/min, and steady-state glucose-infusion rates required to maintain euglycemia were determined. Glucose disposal at maximal insulin levels was 11.9 +/- 0.4 mg/kg/min in normals, with a 29% decrease in obese and a 42% decrease in Cushing's syndrome patients. Half maximally effective insulin concentrations were increased in both abnormal groups compared to normals. Maximal insulin clearance rates were 1460 +/- 200 ml/min/m2 in normals, not significantly changed in obese and 40% decreased in Cushing's syndrome patients. These results indicate that the insulin resistance in Cushing's syndrome is distinct from that occurring in obesity and is characterized by both decreased insulin responsiveness and decreased insulin clearance. These impairments could be caused by a common defect which may be at or distal to the glucose transport level. PMID- 3905557 TI - Ultrastructural immunocytochemical demonstration of HLA class I antigens in human pathological liver tissue. AB - Major histocompatibility complex products Class I (HLA Class I) antigens are not expressed on the surface of normal human hepatocytes but become so in pathological conditions. The purpose of this study was to specify the ultrastructural topography of HLA Class I antigens expression. Nine human liver specimens, known from light microscopic investigation to display membranous positivity for HLA Class I antigens, were processed for immunoelectronmicroscopy using monoclonal anti-HLA Class I in an indirect immunoperoxidase procedure. HLA Class I antigens were detected on the basolateral membrane of hepatocytes and bile duct cells; some cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum were also positive. The membranes of normal bile canaliculi of hepatocytes and the apical border of bile duct cells were negative. In one case of presumably drug-induced cholestasis, abnormal cholestatic canaliculi displayed HLA Class I antigens. These results indicate that HLA Class I antigens are synthesized by the hepatocytes and bile duct cells and incorporated into the plasma membrane; the basolateral expression follows the pattern as in other polarized cells. The expression in cholestatic canaliculi suggests a disturbed polarity of the hepatocyte. PMID- 3905558 TI - Histopathology of early and late human hepatic allograft rejection: evidence of progressive destruction of interlobular bile ducts. AB - Cholestasis and injury of interlobular bile ducts occur during rejection of human hepatic allografts. However, knowledge of the nature and progression of bile duct injury during rejection remains incomplete. To define the role of inflammation in bile duct damage, we assessed the light microscopic appearance of hepatic tissue from selected patients in whom allograft failure was solely due to rejection. Nine patients with rejection were easily separated into two groups based on the duration of the allograft survival. The first group (early rejection) consisted of five patients in whom rejection occurred between 13 and 36 days. The second group (late rejection) consisted of four patients in whom rejection occurred between 170 and 912 days. Early rejection was characterized by distortion of bile ducts by adjacent inflammatory cell infiltrates, cytological changes of bile duct epithelial cells and occasionally by frank mononuclear cell inflammation of the epithelium with destruction of the duct. Late rejection was characterized by nonsuppurative destructive cholangitis culminating in the disappearance of interlobular bile ducts. Both groups exhibited histological cholestasis, intact limiting plates, preservation of hepatocytes and positive orcein stains for copper-binding protein. We conclude that the dominant histopathological feature of hepatic allograft rejection is progressive, nonsuppurative destructive cholangitis. PMID- 3905559 TI - Electron microscopy of rejected human liver allografts. AB - Recognition by biopsy of liver allograft rejection has been less successful than diagnosis of rejection of cardiac and kidney allografts. In a study of 138 failed liver allografts, we recognized damage to small interlobular bile ducts by lymphocytes as the most useful indicator of the presence of rejection. This is a report of the electron microscopic features of three patients with unequivocal allograft rejection. Lymphocytes and occasional granulocytes penetrated the epithelia of interlobular bile ducts. Ducts with diameters of 30 to 60 microM were preferentially affected but ducts up to 120 microM were also occasionally involved. Point contacts between infiltrating inflammatory cells and bile duct epithelial cells were observed occasionally. Degenerative changes of bile duct epithelial cells were conspicuous and involved nuclei and cellular organelles. Degeneration was often accompanied by aggregation of dense bundles of filaments in the cytoplasm. In severely affected ducts, epithelial cell disintegration was noted. In all involved bile ducts, the basement membrane was markedly thickened. Hepatocytes were well-preserved but contained lipid vacuoles, pigment granules, and blunted canalicular microvilli. The similarity between these observations and those seen in primary biliary cirrhosis and chronic graft-versus-host disease is striking. PMID- 3905561 TI - A prospective clinical trial of D-penicillamine in the treatment of primary biliary cirrhosis. AB - We conducted a prospective clinical trial to assess the relative efficacy and safety of high- vs. low-dose D-penicillamine in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Following clinical tests and liver biopsy diagnostic of primary biliary cirrhosis, 56 patients were randomized to receive either 250 or 750 mg D penicillamine daily. Patients were monitored with clinical tests and annual liver biopsy. Randomization produced two groups without differences in demographic, clinical or histologic characteristics. During the trial, no differences were seen between the mean change in liver test results in patients in either treatment group. The 11% per year rise of bilirubin in the 750 mg dose group during the first 3 years was not significantly different from the 18% per year rise in the 250 mg dose group. No patient showed improvement on liver biopsy although patients on 750 mg D-penicillamine deteriorated more slowly. Side effects, particularly rash and dysgeusia, were more common in the 750 mg dose group. The frequency and severity of side effects were responsible for the early conclusion of our trial. Twenty-six patients experienced side effects necessitating discontinuation of D-penicillamine. No evidence of increased efficacy was demonstrated by high-dose D-penicillamine therapy, and side effects were observed in patients on 250 mg D-penicillamine daily. With the severity of adverse effects and continued progression of disease, D-penicillamine is not a clinically useful therapy in primary biliary cirrhosis. PMID- 3905560 TI - Establishment of a cell line from a woodchuck hepatocellular carcinoma. AB - A new cell line derived from a woodchuck hepatocellular carcinoma serially transplanted in athymic nude mice has been established and named WH257GE10. The original tumor in the nude mouse system produces woodchuck hepatitis surface antigen and albumin. In addition, woodchuck hepatitis virus DNA is integrated into cellular DNA. Adaptation of the cells to the in vitro culture condition was completed after 15 months with the doubling time of 40 hr. The morphologic features of the cell by light microscopy are of an epithelial type. The modal chromosome number is 36 and the karyotype is mainly metacentric, similar to that observed in normal woodchuck liver cells. Ornithine and tyrosine aminotransferase activities were detected. Production of albumin was demonstrated in the cytoplasm by indirect immunofluorescence. Integration of woodchuck hepatitis virus DNA was shown by Southern blot analysis, although the secretion of woodchuck hepatitis surface antigen was not detected. This cell line provides an excellent in vitro model to study human hepatocellular carcinoma related to hepatitis B virus. PMID- 3905562 TI - ELISA techniques for the detection of antimitochondrial antibodies. PMID- 3905563 TI - Histiocytic malignancy. PMID- 3905564 TI - Malignant histiocytosis (true histiocytic lymphoma) clinicopathological study of 25 cases. AB - Twenty-five cases originally diagnosed as malignant histiocytosis/true histiocytic lymphoma were reviewed according to both pathological and clinical criteria. Microscopically, they were characterized by large, pleomorphic tumour cells showing variable degrees of atypia and phagocytic activity. The growth more often appeared as diffuse, being limited to the sinuses in only two cases. Cytochemistry on touch imprints showed tumour cells strongly positive for acid phosphatase and alpha-naphthyl-acetate esterase in all the samples tested. Immunohistochemistry on paraffin embedded sections using specific antisera showed tumour cell positivity for lysozyme in 12 of 25 cases, for alpha 1-antitrypsin in 24 of 25 cases and for alpha 1-antichymotrypsin in all 25 cases. Immunophenotyping on frozen-sections in three cases displayed a clear-cut reactivity of the neoplastic cells with the monoclonal antibody OKM1. Clinically, the disease more often presented with B-symptoms, lymphadenopathy and mediastinal involvement. In the majority of the patients (18/25) it had a fatal and rapid course, despite therapy (median survival: 9 months; mean survival: 12 months). The presence of B-symptoms and bulky disease appeared as the only factors influencing the prognosis, both suggesting a more aggressive course of the tumour. PMID- 3905565 TI - Expanded Medicare outpatient coverage for Alzheimer's disease and related disorders. PMID- 3905566 TI - Recent developments in the diagnosis and treatment of sleep disorders. AB - The publication of a new nosology of sleep and arousal disorders in 1979 established the need for differential diagnosis of sleep disorders based on polysomnographic evaluations as well as medical history and physical examination. This review of recent developments in diagnosing and treating sleep disorders covers such topics as prevalence, findings related to sleeping pills and insomnia, effects of depression on sleep, and managing the elderly patient with disturbed sleep. The authors caution against misuse of hypnotic drug therapy for treatment of insomnia and encourage physicians to inquire about sleep patterns even when a patient is presenting a seemingly unrelated problem. PMID- 3905567 TI - Diversification is key to growth, CEOs say. PMID- 3905568 TI - Finance driving CEOs' strategic plans. PMID- 3905569 TI - Budget deficit controls 1985 agenda. PMID- 3905570 TI - Hospitals spend 1985 adapting to PPS. PMID- 3905571 TI - HMO growth rapid but outstripped by PPAs. PMID- 3905572 TI - PPS, diversification push home care rise. PMID- 3905573 TI - Medicare DRGs pose problems for elderly. Interview by Jeffrey Finn. PMID- 3905574 TI - Program management and matrix reporting. PMID- 3905575 TI - Nuclear morphologic and morphometric analyses of nodular poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma: assessment of small cleaved nuclei. AB - Comparative analytic measurements of nuclear parameters in normal and neoplastic lymphocytes are limited. In the present morphometric study lymphocyte nuclear features in 21 cases of nodular poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma (NPDLL) were assessed with respect to the theoretical aspects of some non Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) classifications. The mean nuclear area of the lymphocytes in NPDLL is generally within the range of the areas of unstimulated (mature) lymphocytes of mantle and follicular regions of lymph nodes with reactive hyperplasia. On this basis, the neoplastic lymphocytes in NPDLL do not reflect, at least cytologically, the antigen-activated, transforming lymphocytes of normal follicular centers. All measured nuclear parameters of small, unstimulated lymphocytes of neoplastic follicles suggest that major proportions of this component are also part of the neoplastic cohort. Sectional nuclear profiles in NPDLL are much more irregular in shape and have a higher percentage of invaginations than normal lymphocytes. However, only 4 to 5 per cent of nuclear profiles in NPDLL are of sufficient depth to be termed clefted. Serial section reconstruction of both normal and neoplastic lymphocytes indicates the degree to which the numbers of invaginated or clefted nuclei are underestimated in the examination of histologic sections. For example, the 4 to 5 per cent of nuclear profiles with clefts in histologic sections of NPDLL actually represent about 25 to 30 per cent of the lymphocyte population. On the basis of computer modeling of stylized nuclei with simple invaginations of varying depths and serial section reconstruction of normal and neoplastic nuclei, it is likely that all lymphocyte nuclei have some form of nuclear membrane invagination and that in poorly differentiated lymphomas these invaginations may be single and multiple discrete indentations or linear, branching grooves. Assessment of the ratio of nuclear invagination depth to nuclear diameter in normal and neoplastic lymphocytes indicates that transforming normal lymphocytes in follicular centers do not undergo a phase of increased nuclear clefting and that this ratio is somewhat greater in lymphocytes in NPDLL than in follicular center lymphocytes. However, the latter effect is not due to increased depth of nuclear invaginations in NPDLL, but rather results from the fact that mean nuclear diameter in this subtype of NHL is considerably smaller than that of normal lymphocytes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3905576 TI - Prognostic significance of peritumoral vessel invasion in clinical trials of adjuvant therapy for breast cancer with axillary lymph node metastasis. AB - To assess the prognostic significance of peritumoral vessel invasion, data were examined for 1,510 women entered into the Ludwig Breast Cancer Group Trials I to IV evaluating adjuvant therapy for operable breast cancer with axillary nodal metastasis. Vessel invasion by tumor cells was identified by routine light microscopy in 59 per cent (889 of 1,510) of the patients and was equally distributed between premenopausal/perimenopausal (60 per cent, 468 of 778) and postmenopausal (58 per cent, 421 of 732) women. In logrank analyses stratified by nodal status (one to three or four or more positive nodes), the four-year disease free survival (DFS) rate was significantly lower in patients with vessel invasion than in women without vessel invasion (50 per cent versus 65 per cent, P less than 0.0001). This DFS difference was seen for both premenopausal/perimenopausal (P = 0.0004) and postmenopausal (P = 0.0002) patients. The four-year overall survival rate was also lower in patients with vessel invasion (71 per cent versus 82 per cent, P = 0.0006), both for premenopausal/perimenopausal (P = 0.002) and postmenopausal (P = 0.04) women. The presence of vessel invasion was significantly associated with increasing numbers of positive axillary lymph nodes, rising tumor grade, nonstellate tumor border growth pattern, and higher steroid hormone receptor content of the primary tumor. The assessment of peritumoral vessel invasion continued to have prognostic significance for DFS (P less than 0.0001) and overall survival (P = 0.003) when evaluated in multivariate models controlling for treatment assigned, nodal status, tumor size, estrogen receptor status, menopausal status, and age. Depending on the subpopulation, patients with vessel invasion had a 41 per cent to 54 per cent greater risk of treatment failure than those without vessel invasion and a 29 per cent to 64 per cent greater risk of death. The percentage of treatment failures at distant sites was higher for women with than for those without vessel invasion (27 per cent versus 18 per cent, P = 0.003). In patients with axillary lymph node metastases, peritumoral vessel invasion may be a sign of increased systemic disease burden. PMID- 3905577 TI - Shock-related injury of pancreatic islets of Langerhans in newborn and young infants. AB - Variable degrees of injury of the pancreatic islets of Langerhans, with sparing of the acinar pancreas, were observed in three infants (age range, 1 day to 3 months) who died of profound shock. The duration of shock varied from 19 to 48 hours. In two of the infants, the shock stemmed from hypovolemia; in the remaining infant, the shock followed blood loss, sepsis, and heart failure. The islet lesions were devoid of cellular infiltrates, hemorrhage, and fibrin thrombi. Tissue manifestations of shock included acute renal tubular necrosis, massive hepatic centrilobular necrosis, ischemic enteropathy, and "shock" lung. Study of pancreatic sections from 30 children (age range, 13 hours to 15 years) with clinical and/or morphologic evidence of shock showed no additional instances of islet injury. These findings suggest that pancreatic islets in the young may be vulnerable to shock-induced ischemia. Studies are in progress in an animal model to test this hypothesis. PMID- 3905579 TI - A method of detecting neuroblastoma in human bone marrow by means of two monoclonal antibodies PI 153/3 and KE2. AB - A system is described to detect neuroblastoma (NBL) tumor cells in human bone marrow. The technique exploits the findings that NBL cells have little or no HLA antigen on the surface. Two monoclonal antibodies are used, PI153/3, IgM class, recognizes NBL and some pre-B lymphocytes and KE2 IgG class recognizes HLA. Two second antibodies are used, rhodamine-labeled anti-IgM and fluorescein-labeled anti-IgG. By means of fluorescence microscopy the neuroblastoma cells are labeled with rhodamine only, and the false + pre-B lymphocytes are double labeled with both rhodamine (Rh) and fluorescein (FI) since they are HLA+ and react with KE2. This method has been used to screen the marrow of 24 patients on 40 occasions and 64 laboratory preparations. It is possible to detect NBL cells at a concentration of 1:1000 marrow cells. The advantage of the technique is the fact that false positive cells can be defined because they have HLA surface antigen which neuroblastoma cells do not express. PMID- 3905578 TI - IgA-associated glomerular deposits in liver disease. AB - IgA-associated immunopathologic renal injury has been reported in patients with cirrhosis. In an effort to elucidate the pathogenesis of this phenomenon, the livers and kidneys obtained at autopsy from a group of patients with cystic fibrosis were studied; these patients were selected because of their broad spectrum of liver abnormalities. On the basis of histologic examination of sections of liver, the patients were divided into two groups: Group I (20 patients) included patients with focal biliary cirrhosis and multilobular biliary cirrhosis; all had anatomic distortion of the biliary system, and many had cholestasis. Group II (28 patients) showed no bile duct anomalies. Immunofluorescence studies of the corresponding kidneys for immunoglobulin, complement, and free secretory component (FSC) revealed significantly more numerous IgA-containing glomerular deposits in group I (P less than 0.02). Although FSC was virtually absent in these deposits, significant in vitro binding of this protein revealed the polymeric nature of the glomerular IgA. This is consistent with previous observations of elevated serum levels of polymeric IgA, which forms the dominant component of glomerular deposits in cirrhotic patients. Since IgA glomerular deposition occurred in patients with focal biliary and no hepatocellular dysfunction, it seems that the source of this polymeric IgA is related to its impaired serum clearance by a distorted and stagnant bile duct system. However, the mechanism that leads to the deposition of this immunoglobulin in the glomeruli and other tissues remains conjectural. PMID- 3905580 TI - A rapid method for comparing monoclonal antibodies by limited proteolysis and electrophoresis. AB - A rapid and sensitive method for comparing the primary structure of proteins has been adapted to the study of monoclonal antibodies. Samples were digested with alpha-chymotrypsin in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate after which peptide fragments were separated into distinctive banding patterns by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This method could easily detect differences in the primary structure of antibodies with related as well as unrelated binding specificities. In addition, antibody molecules derived by somatic diversification from the same germ line gene segments could be distinguished from one another. PMID- 3905581 TI - Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to human casein. A monoclonal antibody that cross-reacts with casein and alpha-lactalbumin. AB - Four hybridomas have been produced that secrete monoclonal antibodies to human beta-casein, a protein synthesized by fully differentiated breast epithelial cells. The antibodies have been characterized on immunoblots and have been shown to react with methanol: acetone-fixed sections of human lactating mammary gland. Immunoblots show that three of these antibodies react with casein whereas one, F20.10, also recognizes an epitope present on human alpha-lactalbumin. Computer analysis of the amino acid sequences of these two milk proteins reveals very little sequence homology, leading to the conclusion that the three-dimensional shape, rather than the primary sequence, is important in this cross-reactivity. PMID- 3905582 TI - Detection of human acid alpha-glucosidase in fibroblasts using monoclonal antibodies in a biotin-avidin amplified ELISA. AB - A sensitive and specific immunological assay for detection of human lysosomal alpha-glucosidase was developed using a mouse monoclonal antibody incorporated into a biotin-avidin amplified ELISA. The immunoassay was more than 60 times more sensitive than the currently used enzymatic assay for alpha-glucosidase activity using a fluorimetric substrate. This methodology provides an alternative approach with increased sensitivity for screening individuals for alpha-glucosidase deficiency. PMID- 3905583 TI - ELITE: a digital dedicated hardware system for movement analysis via real-time TV signal processing. PMID- 3905584 TI - Maintenance of pancreatic endocrine cells of neonatal rat: Part VI--Effects of medium with fructose and 2-deoxyglucose. PMID- 3905585 TI - [Pseudoallergic reactions to drugs]. AB - A lot of substances currently used in medicine and daily life are found to induce pseudoallergic reactions. Because of practical importance intolerance to aspirin and additives as well as anaphylactoid reactions to sulfites and local anaesthetics are presented. The aetiopathological problems are not yet solved, and the differentiation from true allergic diseases is difficult. Concerning the local anaesthetics, additional side effects of other components of the solutions have to be considered. An accurate history is often worthy. Generally, it is not possible to clear up pseudoallergic reactions through skin tests, so that incremental challenge is necessary. PMID- 3905586 TI - The H-Y transplantation antigen is present in XO and X*X female wood lemmings (Myopus schisticolor). PMID- 3905588 TI - Epidemiological evidence for the role of falciparum malaria in the pathogenesis of Burkitt's lymphoma. AB - Nearly all epidemiological characteristics of Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) can be explained on the basis of relationships of BL to the intensity of the host response to Plasmodium falciparum. The major epidemiological associations are: the high degree of geographic correlation between the incidence rate of BL and the intensity of P. falciparum transmission, both at a global level and within individual countries; the close correlation between the age incidence of BL and the age of acquiring maximum levels of antimalarial immunoglobulin; the relative protection from BL by residence in urban areas, where levels of malaria transmission are lower, compared with rural areas; the decline in BL incidence in areas where death rates due to malaria have declined and, within such areas, a differential decline in BL incidence in people making better use of health facilities; the older age of onset in patients who have migrated from low intensity to high-intensity malaria areas as compared with patients born in the high-intensity areas - the higher absolute age-specific incidence rate in those above age ten in this immigrant group being consistent with the hypothesis that intense malaria infection and consequent host defence response serve as the major triggering event in the pathogenesis of the lymphoma; the inverse geographic correlation between the average age of onset of BL and the intensity of falciparum malaria infection. An inverse association of BL with sickle-cell trait (AS haemoglobin) would provide strong evidence for the role of intense falciparum malaria, but most studies to date have not achieved statistical significance. Time-space clustering and reports of seasonal variation in BL incidence would indicate that a precipitating factor operates over a relatively short time-span, at least in some areas. Combining the evidence concerning cytogenetics, Epstein Barr virus (EBV) and falciparum malaria, the following three-phase model for the oncogenesis of BL could account for virtually all the currently known facts and be tested by further laboratory and field studies: Primary infection with EBV, perhaps early and intense, leads to the immortalization of large numbers of B lymphocytes. Severe falciparum malaria then leads to an intense host response with particular proliferation of the EBV-infected B lymphocytes. Finally, the great increase in the B lymphocytes provides a much higher statistical opportunity for the emergence of the cytogenetically abnormal BL cell. PMID- 3905587 TI - Subsets of normal mononuclear cells in the peripheral blood defined by monoclonal antibodies. AB - We studied the peripheral blood of 20 healthy adult individuals for the distribution of subsets within the mononuclear cell population using indirect immunofluorescence staining. Normal ranges are given for several cell populations reacting with a panel of monoclonal antibodies. The analyzed immunological reagents included the monoclonal antibodies Leu-1 (Pan-T), Leu-2a (Suppressor-T), Leu-3a (Helper-T), Leu-7 (Natural Killer-T), MCS-2 (Pan-myeloid), NU-B1 (Pan-B), FMC-7 (B-subset), Tac (IL-2-receptor) and sheep erythrocyte rosetting (E). Cells were examined for positivity under an epi-immunofluorescence microscope and by flow cytometry. The data obtained by these two different approaches were in close agreement. The majority of the cells from the total mononuclear cell fraction in the peripheral blood were Leu-1+ (mean value of 64% by microscope/59% by flow cytometry) and E+ (61%). The T-populations could be broken down into Leu-3a+ (48%/43%), Leu-2a+ (31%/31%) and Leu-7+ (13%/14%). Between 2 and 5% of the cells showed double expression of antigens detected by Leu-2a and Leu-3a. The pan myeloid reagent MCS-2 was positive on 25%/18% of the total cell population; the B cells accounted for 5%/8%. Tac stained 7%/6% of the cells. PMID- 3905589 TI - Morphological definition of Burkitt's tumour: historical review and present status. PMID- 3905590 TI - Treatment of B-cell non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphomas of childhood in Europe: recent and on-going studies. PMID- 3905591 TI - The treatment of diffuse undifferentiated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in children: the Childrens Cancer Study Group experience. PMID- 3905592 TI - Advanced stage (III-IV) Burkitt's lymphoma and B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in children: kinetic and pharmacologic rationale for treatment and recent results (1979-1983). AB - Since 1979, we have treated a total of 29 children with advanced-stage B-cell tumours (diffuse undifferentiated, small non-cleaved cells): 18 stage III and three stage IV, according to a clinical staging classification (Murphy, 1980), and eight with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (B-ALL). Treatment has been based upon appreciation of rapid tumour growth kinetics and has consisted of high dose fractionated cyclophosphamide courses, vincristine, adriamycin and infusions of cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) with intrathecal chemotherapy. The first 12 patients (1979-1981) received, in addition, superfractionated radiotherapy (twice a day) to the involved field (22.5 Gy) and the craniospinal axis (18 Gy). Since January 1981, radiation therapy has been omitted, and subsequent patients have received the same agents as above plus high doses of methotrexate coordinated with the escalating doses of Ara-C infusions. Toxicity has consisted mainly of universal, severe but reversible haematopoietic suppression with attendant febrile episodes. Complete-remission rate for all 29 patients has been 86%, with three early failures due to progressive disease and one death from infection. Overall disease-free survival for children with stage III disease has been excellent (78%). Initial involvement of central nervous system (CNS) and/or marrow is grave: none of three patients with stage IV lymphoma and only one of eight with B-ALL is surviving off therapy without evidence of disease, suggesting a need for alternative therapies for these cases. Results are significantly better than our historical institutional experience. PMID- 3905593 TI - Massive therapy and autologous bone marrow transplantation in very bad prognosis Burkitt's lymphoma. AB - During 1980-1983, two major advances were made in the treatment of Burkitt's lymphoma (BL): conventional but aggressive chemotherapy raised the overall survival rate from 42% with the SFOP1 protocol, COPAD, to 80% with SFOP protocols LMB 01 and 02; and massive chemotherapy followed by autologous bone-marrow transplantation (ABMT) enabled 40% of relapses to be cured. Ten patients included in the COPAD protocol were treated with massive therapy: seven because of relapse, one because of partial remission after two months' induction therapy and two because of long delay before first complete remission (CR). The therapy used was bischloroethyl nitrosourea, cytosine arabinoside, cyclophosphamide (CPM) and 6-thioguanine (BACT) in nine cases and CPM in one. The response rate was 100%, and disease-free survival was reached in five of ten cases, including four with no evidence of disease for over two years. In nine of ten patients who received ABMT, the bone marrow (BM) was not decontaminated, and BM involvement was found at death prior to day 86 from ABMT in four of five failures. Clinical and cytological analyses led to no firm conclusion about the role, if any, of reinjected BM in this outcome: a liquid-culture monitoring system used in six cases showed BM malignant cells present in the graft in one early relapse and absent in two relapses in which BACT failed; in three long-term survivors, no malignant cell was found in the graft. This first group of ten showed the efficiency of BACT and the necessity of purging BM in at least some cases before ABMT. Of the second group, selected from 43 patients given LMB 01 and 02 protocols, eight were treated by massive therapy and ABMT: one with localized stages I and II disease, four with stage III and three with stage IV. These patients received massive therapy either because of early relapse, progressive disease, partial remission after induction therapy or long delay before CR, or as a consolidation of CR in cases of central nervous system or cerebrospinal fluid involvement. In this group, four of eight are disease-free; three of them had normal BM by in-vitro liquid-culture monitoring; their BM was not decontaminated and they had no BM relapses. In the other five cases, BM was decontaminated by Asta Z in one and by y-29/55 antibody in four.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3905594 TI - Autologous bone-marrow transplantation for Burkitt's lymphoma: marrow purging with anti-Y 29/55 monoclonal antibody and complement. AB - Reinfusion of undetected tumour cells is a possible cause of relapse after autologous bone-marrow transplantation. In this paper, a system for in-vitro purging of bone marrow is presented which involves the B-cell neoplasia associated monoclonal antibody anti-Y 29/55 and complement. Five patients with Burkitt's lymphoma were transplanted with purged marrow, demonstrating the clinical feasibility of the method. The pretransplant regimen included vincristine 2 mg/m2, adriamycin 60 mg/m2, four doses of cyclophosphamide 45 mg/kg and total body irradiation with 6 Gy. Tumour control appears to be better in patients with purged bone marrow as compared to an earlier patient group with unpurged marrow. PMID- 3905595 TI - Indication for bone-marrow harvesting and purging in Burkitt's Lymphoma: a three year experience. AB - Between 1980 and 1983, 317 bone-marrow (BM) aspirates from 63 cases of Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) were studied with an in-vitro liquid culture monitoring system. BL cell lines were obtained in culture from 14 of 15 patients with cytologically positive marrow. The in-vitro monitoring system was shown to be useful regardless of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) status, clinical status of patients and cytogenetic anomalies (8 t(8;14) 2 t(8;22) 2 When BM was cytologically normal or suspect, i.e., less than 5% BL cells, the in-vitro monitoring system was shown to be more sensitive than cytological examination in 25 of 56 cases (44%). The sensitivity of the test is 1/100 000, i.e., 3 logs inferior to the level of detection by cytology. When BM was harvested from all patients in complete remission after two months of chemotherapy, marrow purging proved not to be necessary (38/38 negative cultures); 7/10 of those patients will have been harvested to no purpose (no more than 30% with indication for autologous BM transplantation). When BM was harvested at relapse or in partial remission, the purging procedure was shown to be necessary in 9 of 16 cases (56%). PMID- 3905596 TI - Immunophenotypic classification of 28 Burkitt cell lines with monoclonal antibodies and reagent selection for bone-marrow purging. PMID- 3905597 TI - The determination of ethylene dibromide in air. PMID- 3905598 TI - Determination of dibromochloropropane and ethylene dibromide in air. PMID- 3905599 TI - Gas chromatographic determination of chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, ethylene dibromide and trichloroethylene in cereal grains after distillation. PMID- 3905600 TI - Gas chromatographic determination of chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, trichloroethylene and ethylene dibromide in cereal grains after direct extraction. PMID- 3905601 TI - Determination of ethylene dibromide residues in biscuits and commercial flour by gas chromatography. PMID- 3905602 TI - Resistance pattern of enteropathogenic E. coli. PMID- 3905603 TI - Evaluation of intrathecal human tetanus immunoglobulins in tetanus neonatorum. PMID- 3905604 TI - [Topical fluoride and pit and fissure sealing]. PMID- 3905605 TI - [Problems of blood replacement in liver transplantation]. AB - Liver transplantation often is accompanied with massive bleeding-blood losses up to 125 I have been reported. A survey of 21 transplantations describes the management for substitution of blood components. After an initial series of 18 patients including 4 cases with blood losses exceeding 100 units of blood, an attempt was made to optimize coagulation in 5 cases with NT-values below 40% by preoperative plasmapheresis. Platelet transfusion was performed in all cases with platelet values below 120 000. These measures led to a significant reduction in blood units substituted during the last 9 transplantations. PMID- 3905606 TI - An exceptional case of pneumothorax--'a new adventure of the K wire'. PMID- 3905607 TI - Unimpaired function of human phagocytes in the presence of phagocytosis-resistant group A streptococci. AB - The resistance to phagocytosis of the group A streptococci has been attributed mainly to the presence of the surface antigen, M protein. In the present study, we addressed the question of whether the phagocytosis resistance of the group A streptococci is due to their ability to impair the function of the phagocytic cells. The results of these studies demonstrate that the presence of a large excess of a phagocytosis-resistant strain of streptococci does not significantly interfere with either the antibody-independent or the antibody-dependent phagocytosis of streptococci. Apparently, a phagocytosis-resistant strain of streptococci does not bring about a generalized deactivation of the phagocytic plasma membrane. This suggests that if the resistance of the group A streptococci is due to any deactivating influence at all on the phagocytic plasma membrane, it is likely to be confined to the contact area of the cocci with the phagocyte. PMID- 3905608 TI - Identification and antigenic characterization of virulence-associated, plasmid coded proteins of Shigella spp. and enteroinvasive Escherichia coli. AB - Seven plasmid-coded polypeptides, designated a through g, were identified by two dimensional nonequilibrium pH gradient electrophoresis of radiolabeled extracts from minicells of virulent Shigella flexneri serotypes 2a and 5 and enteroinvasive Escherichia coli O143. These polypeptides were deemed to be products of 140-megadalton (MDa) virulence-associated plasmids because they were not synthesized in minicells which were not harboring a 140-MDa plasmid or in minicells which were carrying an F lac plasmid of the same incompatibility group. Synthesis of these polypeptides was repressed in minicells incubated at 30 degrees C and in minicells isolated from a noninvasive opaque colonial variant, even though these strains harbored a 140-MDa plasmid. Enriched fractions of polypeptides b, c, and d were obtained from S. flexneri serotype 5 by preparative isoelectric focusing, and polyclonal rabbit antisera recognizing each polypeptide were raised. These antisera were able to detect cross-reacting plasmid-coded polypeptide antigens in S. flexneri serotype 3, Shigella sonnei, and enteroinvasive E. coli O143. In addition, Western blots of minicell extracts from S. flexneri serotype 5 or E. coli O143 indicated that plasmid-coded polypeptides a through d were recognized by convalescent antiserum from a monkey infected with S. flexneri serotype 2a. PMID- 3905609 TI - Protection by Candida albicans of Staphylococcus aureus in the establishment of dual infection in mice. AB - Candida albicans has been shown to stimulate infection in mice by a number of bacteria when both organisms are inoculated intraperitoneally (E. Carlson, Infect. Immun. 39:193-197, 1983). When subcutaneous and intraperitoneal inoculations were given with Staphylococcus aureus and C. albicans injected at opposite sites, mixed infection was established at the site of fungal inoculation but not at the site of the bacterial injection. Histopathologic evaluation of tissues for the presence of C. albicans and S. aureus after intraperitoneal inoculation of both showed fungal growth in the mesentery and omentum of the abdominal cavity. Cocci were numerous and always associated with the fungi, located within the fungal growth rather than at its periphery. It was concluded that this growth pattern in some way protected the bacteria and was the basis for the generalized fungal stimulation of the bacterial infections observed. In addition to C. albicans, Candida stellatoidea, Candida tropicalis, Candida parapsilosis, Torulopsis glabrata, and heat-inactivated C. albicans also demonstrated some ability to protect bacteria injected simultaneously, although C. parapsilosis and T. glabrata were less effective than the other yeasts in this respect. PMID- 3905610 TI - Cloning and expression of the leukotoxin gene of Pasteurella haemolytica A1 in Escherichia coli K-12. AB - A clone bank of Pasteurella haemolytica A1 was constructed by partial digestion of the genomic DNA with Sau3A and ligation of 5- to 10-kilobase-pair fragments into the BamHI site of the plasmid vector pBR322. After transformation into Escherichia coli K-12, a total of 4 X 10(3) recombinant clones was obtained. These were screened for the production of P. haemolytica soluble antigens by a colony enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay blot method with a rabbit antiserum raised against the soluble antigens. The clones producing P. haemolytica soluble antigens were then analyzed for the production of the leukotoxin by a cytotoxicity assay with cells from a bovine leukemia-derived B-lymphocyte cell line as the target cells. Positive clones were identified, and subsequent restriction analysis of the recombinant plasmids showed that the same 6.3 kilobase pairs of insert DNA was cloned in either of the two orientations into the plasmid vector pBR322. One of the clones was selected for further characterization of the leukotoxin as produced in E. coli. Tests for heat lability and target cell species specificity with canine, porcine, and human peripheral blood lymphocytes indicated that the activity of the cloned leukotoxin was identical to that of the P. haemolytica leukotoxin. Furthermore, the E. coli produced leukotoxin was also neutralized by bovine or rabbit antiserum known to have antitoxic activity. When cellular proteins from the E. coli clones were subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blot analysis, a 100,000-dalton protein was identified which corresponded to one of the soluble antigens found in the leukotoxic culture supernatant of P. haemolytica. These results demonstrated that the gene(s) for the P. haemolytica leukotoxin have been cloned and that the leukotoxin was expressed in E. coli. PMID- 3905611 TI - Characterization of monoclonal antibodies against Shiga-like toxin from Escherichia coli. AB - Three monoclonal antibodies, designated MAb 16E6, MAb 13C4, and MAb 19G8, were produced which recognize Shiga-like toxin (SLT) from Escherichia coli. All three monoclonal antibodies neutralized the cytotoxicity of E. coli SLT and were able to immunoprecipitate intact labeled toxin with Staphylococcus aureus protein A. The three antibodies were of the G1 heavy and kappa light chain classes. MAb 16E6 bound to the B subunit of SLT in Western blots and also neutralized the lethality of the toxin for mice and the enterotoxicity of the toxin in ligate rabbit ileal loops. The ability of MAb 16E6 to neutralize the cytotoxicity, lethality, and enterotoxicity of E. coli confirms the hypothesis that all three activities are associated with a single toxin. MAb 16E6 and MAb 13C4 also neutralized the cytotoxicity of purified Shiga toxin from Shigella dysenteriae type 1 and Shiga like toxic activities in crude cell extracts from Shigella flexneri, Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Salmonella typhimurium. Thus, Shiga toxin and the SLTs from E. coli, Shigella flexneri, V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus, and Salmonella typhimurium share a common B subunit epitope that is involved in neutralization. MAb 13C4 has been successfully used in a colony blot assay for the detection of bacterial colonies which produce high levels of SLT. Sixty-two different strains of bacteria were tested by both the cytotoxicity and colony blot assays for the presence of SLT. The colony blot assay detected all strains of bacteria which produce greater than or equal to 10(5) 50% cytotoxic doses of SLT per ml of sonic lysate. There were no false-positive results among the 62 samples tested. PMID- 3905612 TI - Detection of antibodies against lipopolysaccharides of Escherichia coli and Salmonella R and S strains by immunoblotting. AB - Antisera raised against several smooth and rough strains of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium were tested against lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of homologous and heterologous strains. The LPS were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis, transferred to nitrocellulose paper, and overlaid with antisera. The results showed that antisera raised against smooth strains reacted with high- as well as low-molecular-weight bands of their corresponding LPS and showed very few cross-reactions. Anti-E. coli J5 antiserum cross-reacted with few strains in the core region. But, anti-S. typhimurium Ra antiserum cross reacted with many more strains. When these sera were absorbed with either the homologous- or a heterologous-positive strain, reactions were abolished. It appears that reactions of anti-E. coli J5 antiserum and anti-S. typhimurium Ra antiserum with homologous and heterologous strains were not due to the same antibody. This immunoblotting technique proved to be a useful method to distinguish different antibodies in antiserum raised against LPS of gram-negative bacteria. PMID- 3905613 TI - Purification and characteristics of the streptococcal chemotactic factor inactivator. AB - The biochemical and immunological characteristics of the chemotactic factor inactivator of group A streptococci (SCFI) were examined. SCFI was extracted from intact M+ bacteria by limited trypsin digestion and purified sequentially by ammonium sulfate fractionation, hydrophobic interaction chromatography, and anion exchange chromatography. SCFI activity was associated with multiple species as indicated by gel permeation chromatography and DEAE high-pressure liquid chromatography analyses. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the column purified protein also demonstrated a high degree of molecular heterogeneity, with most of the material in a 103,000 to 114,000 Mr cluster. SCFI activity was sensitive to destruction by several proteolytic enzymes, and polyclonal antiserum to SCFI was able to neutralize its antichemotactic activity. Two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis of SCFI indicated that the various copurified species were immunologically cross-reactive and indicated a high degree of antigenic homogeneity within the preparation. Western blot analysis of crude detergent extracts of M+ bacteria identified a major antigenic species corresponding to 135,000 Mr and a less abundant species of 137,000 Mr. SCFI antiserum was not reactive with M protein, and therefore SCFI appeared to be a distinct molecule, despite its close association with the M+ phenotype. PMID- 3905614 TI - Importance of a lipopolysaccharide-containing extracellular toxic complex in infections produced by Klebsiella pneumoniae. AB - A Klebsiella pneumoniae serotype 2 strain was examined for its ability to produce extracellular toxic material. The organism was grown to the stationary phase in a defined medium, and the toxic material was isolated by ultrafiltration-ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sephacel and gel filtration chromatography on Sepharose 4B or 2B. It was found to be comprised of 63% capsular polysaccharide, 30% lipopolysaccharide, and 7% protein and possessed a 50% lethal dose (when injected intraperitoneally into mice) of 393 +/- 45 micrograms. The toxicity appeared to be associated with the endotoxin portion of the compound, because boiling for 15 min and exposure to proteolytic enzymes had no effect on the toxicity. However, saponification destroyed the toxicity of the compound. Studies employing radial immunodiffusion examining the sera of mice infected with this organism demonstrated in vivo production of the complex at levels sufficiently high to produce death. When sublethal amounts of this complex were placed in the lungs of specific-pathogen-free mice, the lung pathology observed after 24, 48, and 72 h was similar to the damage caused by an active K. pneumoniae lobar pneumonia. These data indicate that this extracellular toxic compound produced by K. pneumoniae may be responsible for the lethality and lung tissue destruction normally associated with an active lobar pneumonia caused by this organism. PMID- 3905615 TI - Cloning of Mycobacterium bovis BCG DNA and expression of antigens in Escherichia coli. AB - A gene bank of Mycobacterium bovis BCG DNA in Escherichia coli was constructed by cloning Sau3A-cleaved mycobacterium DNA fragments into the lambda vector EMBL3. The expression of mycobacterial antigens was analyzed by Western blotting with hyperimmune rabbit sera. Among 770 clones tested, several were found that produced various mycobacterial antigens in low amounts, with concentrations generally close to the detection limit. One particular clone was chosen for further investigation. This clone produced a 64-kilodalton (kDa) antigen. By placing the lambda promoter PL in front of the structural gene of this antigen, an overproducing E. coli strain was obtained. Rocket-line immunoelectrophoresis experiments showed that antigens cross-reacting with the 64-kDa protein are present in a wide variety of mycobacteria and also in so-called purified protein derivatives which are routinely used for skin tests. Preliminary experiments indicate the presence of antibodies against the 64-kDa antigen in sera from tuberculosis patients. PMID- 3905616 TI - Electron microscopic study of phagocytosis of Escherichia coli by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. AB - The fate of Escherichia coli strains within the polymorphonuclear leukocytes was studied by determining the killing of bacteria, measuring the release of degradation products, and examining the phagocytic bacteria by electron microscopy. When sufficiently opsonized, both unencapsulated and encapsulated E. coli strains were rapidly phagocytized by polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Once phagocytized, the two unencapsulated E. coli strains (K-12 and O111) were rapidly killed (99% of the bacteria were killed during the first 5 min of phagocytosis) and extensively degraded (about 40% of the radiolabeled material was released from bacteria after 15 min of phagocytosis). Electron micrographs taken after 15 min of phagocytosis revealed extensive structural changes in most of the internalized bacteria. In contrast to the rapid killing and extensive breakdown of these strains, encapsulated E. coli O78:K80 was more resistant to killing and withstood degradation by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (only 5% of the radioactivity was released from the radiolabeled bacteria after 1 h of phagocytosis). Electron micrographs of thin sections taken after 1 h of phagocytosis revealed virtually no structural changes. Most of the internalized bacteria were still surrounded by thick capsular material. PMID- 3905617 TI - Molecular identity and location of invariant antigens on Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense defined with monoclonal antibodies reactive with sera from trypanosomiasis patients. AB - Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) which are reactive with several antigenically distinct variable antigen types were prepared by immunization with Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense. Certain MAbs were shown to be specific for members of the genus Trypanosoma and not reactive with Leishmania spp. or Plasmodium falciparum by the indirect immunofluorescence assay. These genus-specific MAbs were used to identify the molecular location of these invariant antigen determinants in whole T. brucei rhodesiense antigen preparations. Two monoclonals reacted with a low molecular-weight doublet of approximately 22,000 relative molecular weight on Western blots of whole trypanosome antigen preparations separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. These determinants did not appear to be on the variable surface glycoprotein molecule and were destroyed by trypsin digestion. Binding studies in which live, DEAE-purified, bloodstream trypanosomes were exposed to invariant antigen-specific MAbs suggested these determinants were accessible on living trypanosomes. Genus-specific MAbs also reacted with determinants present in sera from African trypanosomiasis patients in a dot immunobinding assay but not sera from patients with malaria or leishmaniasis. These results suggest that certain invariant molecules of African trypanosomes are immunogenic, possibly accessible on the trypanosome surface, and may be present as circulating invariant antigen in trypanosomiasis patients. PMID- 3905619 TI - Enteroadhesion fimbriae and enterotoxin of Escherichia coli: genetic transfer to a streptomycin-resistant mutant of the galE oral-route live-vaccine Salmonella typhi Ty21a. AB - An enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli plasmid encoding colonization factor antigen (CFA) I fimbriae and heat-stable toxin was transferred into a streptomycin resistant mutant of the Salmonella typhi galE strain Ty21a (a live attenuated oral typhoid vaccine). The virulence plasmid-carrying transconjugants produced CFA I fimbriae and heat-stable toxin. The marked production of CFA I fimbriae was observed even in a vaccine medium for Ty21a. The data lead to a new type of potential live oral vaccine, S. typhi Ty21a producing enteroadhesion fimbriae. PMID- 3905618 TI - Antigenic diversity of Chlamydia psittaci of mammalian origin determined by microimmunofluorescence. AB - A group of twenty-five isolates of Chlamydia psittaci representing at least seven different biotypes of bovine, ovine, caprine, equine, feline, porcine, and guinea pig origin were immunotyped by an indirect microimmunofluorescence test. Different groups of chlamydia-free BALB/c mice received two weekly intravenous inoculations with chicken embryo-propagated, partially purified elementary bodies of each strain. Antisera for immunotyping were collected 4 days after the first inoculation and 3 to 4 days after the second inoculation and tested for antichlamydial immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G antibodies by the indirect microimmunofluorescence test with cell culture-propagated, partially purified homologous and heterologous antigens. Nine immunotypes of C. psittaci were distinguished. The correlation between immunotypes and biotypes was close, and a pattern of either disease or host specificity could be associated with each immunotype. Most immunotypes identified induced cross-reacting antibodies against each other, but no significant cross-reactions were observed with elementary bodies of the mouse pneumonitis strain of C. trachomatis. Findings from this study should provide the necessary background for the rational selection of prototype strains of C. psittaci for further antigenic analysis at the molecular level. PMID- 3905620 TI - Urinary tract infection in renal transplant patients. AB - The incidence of urinary tract infections (UTI) in 299 renal graft transplantations (281 patients) was analyzed. UTI episodes were demonstrated in 185 grafts (62%), most frequently in the first month after transplantation. The infectious episodes were mostly recurrent. Persistent infection, detected in 11% of grafts, was associated with urologic complications in almost all cases. No significant correlation between the primary renal disease and the UTI rate was found, and there was no significant correlation between UTI and sex. In grafts with recurrent infectious episodes, vesicoureteral reflux was more common. No significant difference was observed in the residual bladder volume, irrespective of whether infection was present or not. The urine was infected by a number of hospital strains, particularly Klebsiella, Enterobacter and indole-positive Proteus strains. An overwhelming majority of UTI episodes (96%) were asymptomatic. Antibody-coated bacteria in urinary sediment were present in only 19% of infectious episodes. Clinically severe courses were observed in infections associated with urologic complications (especially urinary fistulae); these were difficult to treat and were often a source of sepsis and a risk factor in graft loss. PMID- 3905622 TI - Relationship between the bactericidal and bacteriolytic activity of cephalosporins and changes in the cell volumes of Escherichia coli cultures. AB - The bactericidal effect of cefoxitin and cefotaxime in relation to concentration and exposure time, as demonstrated by the killing curve diagrams of Escherichia coli cultures, was compared with the degree of bacteriolysis and the cell volume increase measured by the coulter counter-channel analyser system. Human plasma ultrafiltrate was used as the growth medium. Cefoxitin has a higher bactericidal activity than cefotaxime. With increasing concentrations the bactericidal efficacy of cefoxitin increases more rapidly in the lower range of concentrations (2-10 mg/l) than in the higher range (10-40 mg/l). In contrast, the bactericidal effect of cefotaxime in the range 0.06-1.2 mg/l is virtually constant and can only be increased by high levels (10-40 mg/l). The morphometric effect of cefoxitin on E. coli cultures, as demonstrated by volume distribution curves, is characterized by intensive and rapidly appearing bacteriolysis 20 min after exposure to the antibiotic without a preceding increase in bacterial cell volume. Higher concentrations result in an earlier onset of bacteriolysis. In contrast, the application of cefotaxime reveals a massive increase in bacterial cell volume (more than five-fold) with a delayed (greater than 2 h) onset of bacteriolysis. High cefotaxime concentrations reduce the extent of bacterial cell volume increase, associated with an earlier and more intensive onset of bacteriolysis. With both cephalosporins, the bacterial cell alterations are particularly dependent on the exposure time. There is evidently a close correlation between bactericidal and bacteriolytic activity. This is valid both for the two cephalosporins and generally for the concentration-activity relationships. PMID- 3905621 TI - [Legionella pneumophila pneumonia masked by simultaneous demonstration of further non-specific pneumonia pathogens]. AB - We are presenting a case of Legionella type I pneumonia, accidentally diagnosed by selective culture with simultaneous identification of pneumococci, meningococci and Hemophilus influenzae in the general sputum culture. A 35-year old patient had been hospitalized with the typical signs of Legionnaires' disease (severe pneumonia with symptoms of cardiac, hepatic, renal, and cerebral involvement), following several days of prodromi. The routine sputum bacteriology according to DGHM standards first revealed pneumococci, meningococci and H. influenzae in significant numbers. Later, the special culture medium named after Edelstein (BMPA alpha-medium), routinely inoculated in our laboratory, grew Legionella pneumophila type I. Legionella type I-specific serum antibodies in IIFT confirmed the diagnosis of Legionnaires' disease. After therapy with amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid and cefoxitin, the temperature declined and laboratory as well as radiologic findings returned to normal. Without the culture of L. pneumophila from expectorated sputum, the diagnosis of Legionnaires' disease would not have been found. PMID- 3905623 TI - Candida albicans liver abscesses. PMID- 3905624 TI - Epidemiological studies of human exposures to radiofrequency radiation. A critical review. AB - The health effects to exposure to radiofrequency radiation (RFR) remain undefined and controversial. Epidemiological studies of human exposures to RFR are confounded by difficulties in determining the type and true extent of exposures, in selecting an appropriate control group for comparisons, in determining the existence and influence of many concomitant environmental factors, and in establishing the presence or measuring the frequency or severity of subjective complaints was well as objective findings in the studied populations. This paper reviews reported RFR effects on general health, growth and development, physiological systems such as the cardiovascular and nervous systems, and organs such as the eye. Criteria for reliable epidemiological studies are presented to allow critical analysis of such reports. PMID- 3905625 TI - Mutagenicity studies and D-glucaric acid determination in urine of workers exposed to mineral oils. AB - Urine from workers of a cold-rolling steel plant exposed to mineral oils were tested for the mutagenic activity by the Salmonella/microsome assay, and for D glucaric acid content as a measure of hepatic mixed-function oxidase activity. An occupationally unexposed group served as control. The biological monitoring phase followed an environmental phase carried out in the working environment that showed a substantially low mutagenic/carcinogenic risk for the exposed workers. Urine samples were collected before, during and after work. From the results it was observed that the urinary mutagenicity was detectable only with TA98 strain in the presence of enzymatic activation (+ S9 mix). Further addition of beta glucuronidase did not give any enhanced mutagenic effects. There was a significant difference in urinary mutagenicity between the exposed and control workers. However, in both groups the highest mutagenicity data was found in smokers: both exposed smoking workers and smoking controls had significantly higher urine mutagenicity than the non-smoking exposed and control workers. The results suggested a synergistic effect of smoking with exposure to mineral oils: the mutagenicity of urine from exposed smokers was significantly higher than that of control smokers. There was no difference in urinary D-glucaric acid results between exposed and unexposed groups, however, smokers of both groups had a significant increase in D-glucaric acid excretion. The authors suggest that even for this workplace with its low mutagenic/carcinogenic risk, smoking could interact with the complex mixtures present in the environment, and thus modify urinary mutagenicity data. PMID- 3905626 TI - Comparison of measurements of serum venom-specific IgG by radioimmunoassay and enzyme immunoassay. AB - Honeybee venom (BV)-, yellow jacket venom (YJV)- and honeybee venom phospholipase A (PLA)-specific IgG were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and enzyme immunoassay (RIA) in 54 sera of insect-allergic patients. In the majority of sera, results of the two tests were similar. Discordant results were found in 1 of 21 sera in tests with PLA, 4 of 23 sera in tests with BV, and 1 of 16 sera in tests with YJV. The RIA measured higher antibody titers in 5 of these 'outlier' sera. The results suggest that with a few exceptions, the two assays are similar for detection of venom- and PLA-specific IgG. PMID- 3905627 TI - Preparation of CH3 203HgCl of high specific activity. AB - In order to have a methylmercury compound of much higher specific activity than was obtainable from commercial suppliers of the compound, a procedure for the methylation of radioactive mercuric chloride with no addition of non-radioactive mercury has been developed. Methylation is accomplished by reacting the mercuric chloride with tetramethyl tin. Extractions into and out of benzene twice produces a methylmercury compound which is finally dissolved in a dilute sodium carbonate solution suitable for biological experiments. The entire procedure to produce a batch of the compound may be accomplished within a single day. PMID- 3905628 TI - Sodium hypochlorite as a tissue solubilizing agent compatible with liquid scintillation counting. AB - The use of hypochlorite to prepare biological samples, containing incorporated radiolabeled molecules, for liquid scintillation counting was investigated. Hypochlorite both solubilized and decolorized a variety of animal tissues, but fat aggregates, cartilagenous tissue, and plant material resisted digestion. Although hypochlorite induced chemiluminescence, addition of acidified stannous chloride to the counting cocktail alleviated the spurious counts. The reported procedure, modified to suit particular experiments, may be applicable in a variety of situations where quantitation of biologically incorporated radiolabeled molecules is desired. PMID- 3905629 TI - Optimized production of high specific activity [11C]urea. PMID- 3905630 TI - Serum theophylline and ventilatory function in chronic obstructive lung disease. Comparison between two slow-release formulations of theophylline. AB - Pharmacokinetics and ventilatory response to Theodur (Th) was compared to that of Aminomal R (AR) in a randomized within-patient double-blind study, carried out in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease. Both slow-release preparations of theophylline were given every 12 hours for 14 days each at the end of a placebo wash-out period. Th and AR did not differ significantly in their bronchodilating effect at 3 and 12 hours after intake. Salbutamol consumption was not dissimilar in the 2 preparations. Mean serum theophylline levels remained within the therapeutic range at 2, 3 and 12 hours after sustained administration of both Th and AR, but were slightly lower and less fluctuating after Th. Gastrointestinal side effects such as epigastric discomfort, nausea, abdominal pain and diarrhea were more common after AR, a result likely due to its higher content of anhydrous theophylline per tablet (474 mg vs 300 mg in Th). In conclusion, we failed to detect differences between Th and AR in their bronchodilating effect after sustained treatment in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease. Th, however, although containing less theophylline per tablet, resulted in comparable theophylline levels with similar ventilatory response, in presence of a better gastrointestinal tolerability. These results suggest a better bioavailability of Th, likely accounted for by a more advanced pharmaceutical technology. PMID- 3905631 TI - Effects of L-carnitine on exercise tolerance in chronic stable angina: a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled crossover study. AB - L-carnitine was studied in forty-four men with stable chronic angina in a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled crossover trial. A cycloergometer exercise test was performed after a 10-day wash-out with placebo and at the end of each 4-week treatment period with either L-carnitine (1 g twice daily) or placebo. The mean (+/- SD) exercise work load showed an increase after L-carnitine compared to placebo (102.73 +/- 22.23 and 97.05 +/- 22.77 watts respectively, p = 0.001), as did the watts to onset of angina (95.7 +/- 24.07 and 87.44 +/- 24.67, p = 0.000). On the contrary, the ST segment depression was reduced by L-carnitine compared to placebo both at the maximum work load (1.40 +/ 0.90 and 1.69 +/- 0.82 mm, p = 0.05) and at the maximum work load common to L carnitine and placebo (1.24 +/- 0.90 and 1.66 +/- 0.79 mm, p = 0.005). 22.7% of the patients became free of angina with L-carnitine and 9.1% with placebo. Resting and exercise blood pressure, heart-rate and double product were unaffected by L-carnitine. 1 patient decided to discontinue the trial because of gastric pyrosis while taking the active drug. The results of this study show that treatment with L-carnitine increases exercise tolerance and reduces ECG indices of ischemia in stable effort-induced angina. PMID- 3905632 TI - Secondary prevention of myocardial infarction. AB - Aspirin, sulfinpyrazone and the combination of aspirin/dipyridamole, which inhibit some aspects of platelet function, have been evaluated in large-scale clinical trials in secondary prevention of myocardial infarction. The Persantine Aspirin Reinfarction Study using dipyridamole, and Anturane Reinfarction Trial and Anturan Reinfarction Italian Study with sulphinpyrazone did not yield conclusive results. There have been five trials in which aspirin has been compared with a placebo. When the results were pooled, the outcome was consistent with a reduction during aspirin treatment of 5-10% in mortality and 20% in coronary event-rate. Whether this small benefit to an individual patient is worthwhile, and whether the effect of aspirin is influenced by coexistent beta blocker treatment, is not clear. PMID- 3905633 TI - Podophyllin. PMID- 3905634 TI - Collagen implants. Soft tissue augmentation. PMID- 3905635 TI - The flushing patient. PMID- 3905636 TI - Indeterminate leprosy. PMID- 3905637 TI - The removal of digital tattoos. PMID- 3905638 TI - Linear IgA bullous dermatosis. An immunologically defined disease. AB - Linear IgA bullous dermatosis (LABD) can mimic bullous pemphigoid (BP) and/or dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) both clinically and histologically. LABD, however, can be distinguished from BP and DH by direct immunofluorescent (IF) demonstration of linear IgA deposits along the basement membrane zone. A retrospective study of 234 cases of BP, 27 cases of LABD, 60 cases of DH, and 20 cases of cicatricial pemphigoid (CP) revealed that BP patients are significantly older than LABD or DH patients and LABD patients are significantly older than DH patients. BP and CP occur more frequently in women (65-70%) than LABD or DH (44 48%). The frequencies of C3 deposits in the basement membrane zone (BMZ) are significantly higher in BP (85%) compared with LABD (18.5%) and DH (28.3%). LABD patients varied in their response to various therapeutic agents. Some responded to corticosteroids and some to sulfones alone, whereas others required a combination of corticosteroids and sulfones. PMID- 3905639 TI - The efficacy of permethrin lotion in pediculosis capitis. AB - A clinical trial of the pyrethroid permethrin in 1% lotion was performed on 20 children. Ten were treated for 10 minutes and 10 for 2 hours. All lice washed off the heads of children treated for 2 hours were dead immediately after treatment. Twenty-four percent of the lice removed from one child treated for 10 minutes were still alive 2 hours later. The ovicidal effect was similar in both groups, with egg mortality 88% and 90% following 10-minute and 2-hour treatment, respectively. The mortality of untreated control eggs was 14% and 11%, respectively. PMID- 3905640 TI - Anthralin therapy for alopecia areata. AB - Topical anthralin application producing a brisk irritant contact dermatitis has been reported to have therapeutic benefit in alopecia areata. A pilot clinical study was undertaken to determine whether topical anthralin application in doses low enough to produce only minimal contact dermatitis would produce a similar therapeutic response. None of the patients in the study received any benefit from this low-dose regimen. If anthralin is of benefit in the therapy of alopecia areata, a significant irritant contact dermatitis is apparently required. PMID- 3905641 TI - Arthur W. Stillians. The man and his background. PMID- 3905642 TI - Effects of the non-amphetaminergic anorexiant, mazindol, on neuronal activity and hypothalamic control of gastric acid secretion in rats. AB - The effects of mazindol (MZD), a non-amphetaminergic anorectic agent, on the peripheral and central control of gastric acid secretion was investigated in rats. Gastric acid secretion induced by direct application of the muscarinic cholinergic agonist, carpronium, on parietal oxyntic cells was not affected by MZD. Secretion induced by 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) was markedly suppressed by intra-hypothalamic or systemic (i.v.) administration of MZD; that induced by insulin was suppressed by systemic MZD. Electrophoretic application of MZD inhibited the neuronal activity of gastric and non-gastric type glucose sensitive neurons in the lateral hypothalamus (LHA), and excited glucoreceptor neurons in the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH). The results suggest that previous reports of feeding suppression by MZD could be explained by its effects directly on hypothalamic feeding control neurons. This is consistent with the suggestion that it might be effective in the treatment of obesity. PMID- 3905643 TI - Glucose transport in adipocytes and its regulation by insulin. AB - Several lines of recent evidence indicate that in the absence of insulin glucose transport activity in the basal form of adipocytes is mostly associated with certain intracellular vesicles, and that the function of insulin is to translocate the glucose transport activity from the intracellular storage site to the plasma membrane. Upon sucrose density gradient centrifugation, the two subcellular structures associated with the glucose transport activity were fractionated into the plasma membrane-rich and Golgi-rich fractions. In our laboratory, the glucose transport activity in the subcellular fractions was assayed after reconstruction into egg lecithin liposomes. The apparent translocation of the glucose transport activity from the storage site to the plasma membrane was reversible, energy dependent, protein synthesis independent, almost completed in 5-10 min at 37 degrees C when the hormone concentration was 1 nM, and very slow at a low temperature (for example 15 degrees C). These results are consistent with the hypothesis that insulin regulates glucose transport activity in adipocytes by causing translocation of the glucose transport apparatus in a reversible manner, and that the translocation, or recycling, of the glucose transport apparatus is brought about by exo- and endocytosis. PMID- 3905644 TI - Regional differences in adipocyte metabolism and possible consequences in vivo. AB - Recent studies have shown that adipose tissue metabolism varies in different regions. Thus, hormonal responsiveness and sensitivity to both lipolytic and anti lipolytic agent is increased in abdominal as compared to femoral cells. Abdominal obesity is also associated with greater aberrations in metabolism than peripheral obesity. The increased lipolytic response in abdominal fat cells may lead to higher FFA concentrations, which may attenuate both glucose uptake and insulin clearance by the liver. PMID- 3905645 TI - Relationship between obesity and maximal insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in vivo and in vitro in man. PMID- 3905646 TI - Sensitivity of glucose uptake to insulin in vitro and in vivo in obese Pima Indians. PMID- 3905647 TI - Microcalorimetric studies on the total metabolic activity of fat cells. AB - We have applied microcalorimetry to the study of total cellular metabolic activity by direct registration of heat production from small samples of isolated fat cells. The cellular heat production is rapidly influenced by addition of hormones and substrates in vitro; e.g. glucose and insulin increases heat production two- to three-fold. The perirenal fat had the highest heat production. Fat cell thermogenesis decreases with age (and increasing mean fat cell size) of the rat. Obese patients had low heat production measured in gluteal adipocytes; the cellular thermogenesis increased, but did not fully normalize, on weight reduction. In combination with measurements of substrate and metabolite concentrations, microcalorimetry allows a detailed quantitative assessment of energy metabolism in the cell, which makes it a powerful tool for the study of adipose tissue metabolism under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. PMID- 3905648 TI - Adipose conversion of ob17 cells and hormone-related events. AB - The ob17 preadipocyte clonal line has been established from the adipocyte fraction of the epididymal fat pads of adult C57 BL/6J ob/ob mice. In vivo, injection of ouabain-resistant mutant cells (ob 17OR11 cell line) into athymic mice is followed by the formation of fat pads containing ouabain-resistant mature fat cells. In vitro, ob17 cells develop after confluence biochemical and morphological characteristics of adipocytes. The adipose conversion process is best represented by a stochastic model in which a pool of stem cells (adipoblasts) give rise to clusters of adipose cells and to additional stem cells that remain in the population. The role of the different factors involved in such conversion is discussed; (1) factors that enhance the number of susceptible cells (ACF or ACF-like compounds), (2) factors without which no adipose conversion takes place (triiodothyronine, growth hormone and other factors still to be characterized), (3) factors that enhance the expression of the differentiation program (insulin). The early emergence of lipoprotein lipase occurs normally in insulin-depleted medium. The separation of ob17 cells by isopycnic centrifugation shows that lipoprotein lipase is present at high levels in early differentiating cells which are still devoid of late markers, ie glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and triglycerides. These results are discussed with respect to the determination of cellularity during development of adipose tissue in vivo. PMID- 3905649 TI - Increased capacity for fatty acid synthesis in white and brown adipose tissues from 7-day-old obese Zucker pups. AB - The activity of fatty acid synthetase was measured in liver, and white and brown adipose tissues of suckling lean and obese Zucker pups. In contrast to liver where no change could be observed, a significant increase in fatty acid synthetase activity was detected in both white and brown adipose tissues as early as 7 days of age. When the enzyme activity was expressed per inguinal fat pad whose weight was increased by 30 per cent in obese as compared to lean pups, a 50 per cent increase in fatty acid synthetase activity was observed. The increased activity was mediated through an increased enzyme content. Insulin levels were still identical in the two groups at 16 days of age but were significantly increased at days 17 and 18 in obese as compared to lean pups. The aetiological role of the increase in fatty acid synthetase, which is expressed in vivo, is discussed. PMID- 3905650 TI - A role for the vagus nerve in the etiology and maintenance of the hyperinsulinemia of genetically obese fa/fa rats. AB - It is demonstrated that pre-obese Zucker rats, studied before weaning (17 days of age), at a time when they were indistinguishable from lean controls, do hypersecrete insulin in response to glucose or arginine administration when compared to their lean littermates in spite of normal basal insulin levels. When arginine is used as the stimulus, it is shown that pre-obese pups hypersecrete glucagon as well as insulin, the net result of insulin and glucagon oversecretion being probably the observed normoglycemia of these animals. Furthermore, these early substrate-induced increases in pancreatic hormonal secretion could be reduced toward normal values by acute pre-treatment of the pre-obese rats with the cholinergic inhibitor, atropine. It is suggested the parasympathetic nervous system plays a role in genetically obese fa/fa rats in bringing about an early increased substrate-induced insulin release, a defect which could be one of the causes involved in the development of their obesity syndrome. In adult animals, the involvement of the parasympathetic nervous system in insulin oversecretion is less clear probably due to the presence of an increased B cell mass. However, using three different experimental approaches, it could be seen that an increased vagal tone acting at the B cells in obese animals participate to their insulin hypersecretion. PMID- 3905651 TI - The use of the adipose tissue transplantation technique to demonstrate that abnormalities in the adipose tissue metabolism of genetically obese mice are due to extrinsic rather than intrinsic factors. AB - Adipose tissue transplantation between genetically obese mice and their lean counterparts using the kidney capsule as the transplantation site has shown that the abnormally large fat cells of obese mice normalize in size when they are placed into a 'lean' environment. Furthermore, the abnormal fatty acid composition of the white adipose tissue of obese mice (higher proportion of palmitoleic acid and lower proportion of linoleic acid compared with lean) normalizes on transplantation into a 'lean' environment. Such experiments lead us to conclude that the differences in the lipolytic and lipogenic enzymes in the adipose tissue of genetically obese mice must be due to extrinsic factors rather than factors intrinsic to the adipocyte. PMID- 3905652 TI - Growth hormone in obesity and diabetes: inappropriate hypothalamic control of secretion. AB - Some forms of obesity and diabetes may develop because of inappropriate hypothalamic function. Evidence for this hypothesis is presented here. The data suggest that a deficiency of growth hormone and an increase in insulin secretion results in excessive lipid accumulation and obesity. Hypothalamic involvement in the control of these two hormones has been well established. A role for growth hormone in the development of some forms of diabetes is also presented. Normally, high blood glucose suppresses growth hormone release. This suppression should result in an increase of insulin sensitivity and improve plasma glucose control. When there is inappropriate hypothalamic suppression of growth hormone, the anti insulin activity of growth hormone acts to raise plasma glucose levels even higher. This may be why some forms of obesity precipitate the diabetic state and others do not. PMID- 3905653 TI - Glucose-induced thermogenesis and insulin resistance in man. PMID- 3905654 TI - Hormonal and metabolic responses to fasting and refeeding. AB - In order to help define the sequential neural, humoral and metabolic responses to feeding, an experimental model involving refeeding 3-day fasted rats a single meal has been developed. The post-prandial rise in resting oxygen consumption is taken as the metabolic end-point, but unlike the response in animals fed normally, shows a marked (24 h) delay. Using a variety of pharmacological and endocrinological techniques it has been possible to show that the delay results from a complex sequence of events involving changes in blood glucose, insulin, thyroid hormones, sympathetic activity and brown fat. The possible role of the ventomedial hypothalamus in mediating some of these events is discussed and the failure of genetically obese rats to exhibit a postprandial rise in oxygen consumption is ascribed to insulin-insensitivity. PMID- 3905655 TI - Thermogenesis in relation to feeding and exercise training. AB - Tube-fed rats gain more weight than meal-fed rats when fed isocaloric diets. Human volunteers were fed on separate occasions isocaloric meals by mouth or by gavage and resting metabolic rate was measured for 90 min postprandially. Resting metabolic rate was greater in meal-fed than in tube-fed especially in the period following meal digestion. These results suggest that ingestion of food through sensory stimulation activates oxidative processes which may be under endocrine control. In tube-feeding where sensory inputs are absent, a reduction in meal thermogenesis is observed. PMID- 3905656 TI - Factors influencing brown fat and the capacity for diet-induced thermogenesis. AB - The experimental evidence for the existence and importance of diet-induced thermogenesis in laboratory rodents is reviewed, and the influence of various factors (e.g. age, genetic background, diet composition and early environment) discussed. The physiological, pharmacological and biochemical data implicating sympathetic activation of brown fat as the principal source of diet-induced thermogenesis are described, and followed by a review of the neurohumoral influences (e.g. dopamine, histamine, insulin, thyroid and adrenal steroids) on thermogenesis and brown fat activity. The possible relevance of these animal studies to human metabolism is discussed briefly. PMID- 3905657 TI - The contribution of protein synthesis to thermogenesis in man. AB - There is ample evidence in man that there is some process which results in an increase or decrease in resting metabolic rate with over- or under-feeding. The change occurs within a few days of altering the plane of nutrition, and cannot be accounted for by changes in body composition. There is also agreement that metabolic rate increases after a meal, and more so after a meal of protein. The reasons for these changes are not well understood, but a suggestion made some time ago that they reflect changes in the rate of protein synthesis is still plausible. However, all thermogenesis cannot be accounted for by increased protein synthesis: after a glucose load metabolic rate increases but the rate of protein synthesis decreases. Within the last five years there have been amazing improvements in technology for measurement of protein turnover in man using stable isotopes. In the next five years the careful application of these techniques should enable us to measure exactly the contribution of protein synthesis to thermogenesis in man. PMID- 3905658 TI - Proteinases in the lysate of bovine erythrocytes infected with Babesia bovis: initial vaccination studies. PMID- 3905660 TI - Intravenous digital subtraction angiography of orbital and ocular circulation. A preliminary experimental study. AB - In serial experiments on cats, intravenous digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was utilized to observe orbital and ocular circulation. Images of the orbital arterial system as well as normal ocular vasculature were obtained, utilizing dosage of contrast material acceptable for human study. Images obtained after intra-arterial DSA had no advantage over those obtained with intravenous DSA. After retrobulbar injection of 3 ml of saline, intravenous DSA demonstrated straightening of the external ophthalmic arteries showing the potential of this method for identifying orbital vascular pathology. PMID- 3905659 TI - Spontaneous choroidal detachment and 'red-eyed shunt syndrome': two clinical entities with the same cause? AB - The files of four cases of spontaneous choroidal detachment were reviewed in order to demonstrate a low pressure arteriovenous (A-V) fistula as the cause. The clinical course and symptoms were compared with those described in the 'red-eyed shunt syndrome'. In one patient an A-V fistula was demonstrated by carotidography, while in another patient CT findings supported a similar aetiology. In two out of four cases the initial clinical diagnosis was a solid subretinal mass. In all cases echography demonstrated a choroidal detachment which spontaneously disappeared. A prolonged course, bilateral involvement with changing side recurrences are the characteristics of this disease. PMID- 3905661 TI - On the question of revision of the standard edition of Freud's writing. PMID- 3905662 TI - Identification and its vicissitudes. AB - The treatment of 'identification' in the American literature is conveniently divided into three eras: (1) The Pioneers (1915-1945). (2) The Synthesizers (1945 1975). (3) Current Commentators (1975-1985). For the Pioneers, concepts and terminology were diffuse, reflecting the diversity of clinical material, methodology and theories accompanying the rapid expansion in analytic experience over a half century. The achievement of an integrated survey by Otto Fenichel in 1945 marked the transition from a fragmentary to a synthesizing approach to identification and its inherent aspects of incorporation and ejection, introjection and projection, internalization and externalization. The Synthesizers brought to the force developmental and adaptive viewpoints which traced along longitudinal lines the processes of maturation from the earliest mother--child unit to later phases of life. The differentiation of the self (one's own person) from systemic functioning within the Freudian ego (Hartmann) and a corresponding importance accorded to reciprocal self-object relationships, proved eventful for the conceptualization of identification. A broadening of traditional analytic frameworks with respect to both normal and abnormal forms of behaviour was a correlated achievement in placing identificatory processes between the inner and outer worlds. The Commentators extended the synthesizing trends, reviewed historical perspectives accordingly, and selected such areas as individual and group identify, the correlation of direct observation with analytic reconstructions and the personal and professional functioning of the analyst himself for special study. PMID- 3905663 TI - The wish for identification and structural effects in the work of Freud. AB - The concept of identification is a blurred one. There is no general agreement about the relationships with other concepts. On the other hand, Freud described several forms of identification, opposing each to the other (hysterical and narcissistic, primary and secondary, ego and superego identification). The author points out the fact every identificatory process must be considered as a work of the unconscious. 'To identify oneself with ...' always results from a process in which a representation is identified to an other and thus realizes the fulfillment of a wish. But identification itself becomes a drive goal: the wish for identification. On that point, the importance of drive opposition between primary identification and object relationship must be outlined. The structural effects are then considered. From this point of view, personality agencies can be characterized in the same time as the result of the identificatory process and the source of the wish for identification. PMID- 3905664 TI - Cellular and subcellular effects of very heavy ions. AB - The biological effects of irradiation with ions of masses larger than 40 and energies up to 20 MeV per atomic mass unit are reviewed. The objects are viruses, bacterial spores, yeast and mammalian cells. Experimental parameters include loss of colony forming ability, induction of mutants, chromosomal aberrations, cell cycle progression, inhibition of biochemical activities and the formation of strand breaks. Some of the pertinent physical questions--e.g. track structure- are also discussed. It is shown that with very heavy ions the biological effectiveness is no longer unambiguously related to a single parameter like l.e.t. or Z*2/beta 2 but depends strongly on ion energy. This points to the importance of far-reaching delta-electrons. The analysis indicates also that even with very high l.e.t., cells are not killed by the passage of a single particle through their nucleus. Possible implications of the findings for fundamental radiation biology are outlined. PMID- 3905665 TI - Thermal aspects of biological effects of microwaves in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - The formation of zygotes between two haploid strains of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) was determined under treatment with microwaves of 9.4 and 17 GHz at power levels up to 50 and 60 mW/cm2 and a specific absorption rate below 24 mW/g, or with conventional heating. Microwave treatments at 9.4 GHz or 17 GHz at a power density of 10 mW/cm2 produced an increase in zygote formation equivalent to that produced by conventional heating in an incubator, i.e. equivalent to a rise in temperature of 0.5 or 1 degrees C. At higher power densities zygote formation was slightly increased by microwaves at 17 GHz as compared to microwaves at 9.4 GHz probably due to the higher absorption of microwaves at 17 GHz by intracellular water molecules. Under these conditions, microwaves had no effect on cell survival or the induction of cytoplasmic 'petite' mutations. PMID- 3905666 TI - Radioiodinated B6.2 monoclonal antibody: further characterization of a potential radiopharmaceutical for the identification of breast tumors. AB - A monoclonal antibody (B6.2) directed against human breast carcinomas and its F(ab')2 and Fab' fragments were labeled with 125I using Iodogen. Solid phase radioimmunoassay was used to evaluate the in vitro binding of the labeled antibodies to a human breast tumor metastasis to the liver, the MCF-7 breast tumor cell line and normal liver tissue. Scatchard analysis revealed that 125I labeled B6.2 IgG and F(ab')2 bound to both breast tumors with affinity constants in the range 1.2-4.4 X 10(9) M-1, while the affinity constant for the binding of the 125I-labeled Fab' fragment to the metastasis and the MCF-7 line was 5.9 and 9.1 X 10(8) M-1, respectively. Serial blood sampling indicated that blood clearance of 125I activity decreased with increasing protein size. A comparison of tumor-to-tissue ratios at two doses of 125I-B6.2 IgG and F(ab')2 suggests that the optimal dose of antibody may depend on the imaging time. A comparison of the blood clearance of 125I activity following injection of 125I-B6.2 and nonspecific 125I-MOPC 21 demonstrated that the specific antibody cleared much more rapidly. When 125I-B6.2 was injected into mice bearing either breast or melanoma tumors, the thyroid uptake of 125I was significantly greater in mice with breast tumors. These results suggest that the catabolism of radiolabel from the specific antibody in the presence of tumor is greater and that this may be an important factor in determining the optimal radiolabel for immunoscintigraphy. PMID- 3905667 TI - Enzymatic syntheses of carbamyl phosphate, L-citrulline, and N-carbamyl L aspartate labeled with either 13N or 11C. AB - [13N]- and [11C]carbamyl phosphate, L-[omega-13N]citrulline, L-[ureido 11C]citrulline, [carbamyl-13N]- and [carbamyl-11C]carbamyl-L-aspartate were synthesized using carbamyl phosphate synthetase co-immobilized with either aspartate transcarbamylase or ornithine transcarbamylase. Carbamyl L [13N]aspartate was enzymatically prepared from carbamyl phosphate and L [13N]aspartate. The tissue distribution of radioactivity in mice after injection of radiolabeled ammonia, carbamyl phosphate or citrulline was studied. The tissue distribution of isotope derived from [13N]carbamyl phosphate and [13N]ammonia were similar, with the exception of liver, brain and pancreas, in which 13NH3 uptake was higher after retroorbital injection. The distribution of label derived from L-[omega-13N]- and L-[ureido-11C]citrulline was similar. Substantial tumor (Sarcoma-180) uptake of label from L-citrulline was observed. PMID- 3905668 TI - Reticulocytes enhance molybdenum binding to the red cell membrane. PMID- 3905669 TI - Overdenture therapy: a longitudinal report. PMID- 3905670 TI - Group A streptococcal pharyngitis in hospital personnel. PMID- 3905671 TI - Influence of multiple isolates on antimicrobial susceptibility patterns from blood cultures. PMID- 3905672 TI - Sore throat culturing in community hospital staff. PMID- 3905673 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of cyclosporin A and the significance of blood levels for therapy]. PMID- 3905674 TI - [Side effects of cyclosporin following kidney transplantation and in patients with autoimmune diseases]. PMID- 3905675 TI - [Cyclosporin in kidney transplantation]. PMID- 3905676 TI - [Cyclosporin A in liver transplantation]. PMID- 3905677 TI - [Progress in pancreas transplantation with cyclosporin]. PMID- 3905678 TI - [Heart transplantation]. PMID- 3905679 TI - [Cyclosporin in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation]. PMID- 3905680 TI - [Cyclosporin in the treatment of disseminated lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 3905681 TI - [Cyclosporin A in glomerular diseases]. PMID- 3905682 TI - [Cyclosporin A in type I diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 3905683 TI - [Cyclosporin A treatment in endocrine orbitopathy]. PMID- 3905684 TI - [Decrease of paraprotein secretion despite progressive tumor cell proliferation by cytostatic drug therapy of plasmacytoma]. PMID- 3905685 TI - [2 patients with melena and hematochezia of undetermined origin]. PMID- 3905686 TI - [A 61-year-old patient with fever, weight loss, pain and sudden blood sedimentation change]. PMID- 3905687 TI - Tumor cell metastasis and surface neutral proteinase: effects of antimetastatic and antitumor drugs. AB - The levels of a trypsin-like neutral proteinase present on tumor cell surface (SNP) have been determined in P388, L1210, TLX5 leukemias, and in two lines of Lewis lung carcinoma having different metastatic potential. No correlation between metastatic potential and SNP levels of the tumor lines examined has been observed, and metastasis depression by antimetastatic and antineoplastic drugs was not accompanied by SNP inhibition. These data seem to support the view that metastatic potential is not necessarily related to tumor proteinase levels. PMID- 3905688 TI - On presentation of the Friedenwald Award of the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology to Dr. Dean Bok. PMID- 3905689 TI - On presentation of the Proctor Medal of the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology to Dr. Gunter K. von Noorden. PMID- 3905691 TI - CT of pancreas transplantation. AB - Thirty-eight abdominal CT examinations obtained on 20 patients after pancreas transplantation were reviewed to determine the CT findings associated with pancreas transplantation and to assess the clinical utility of CT in this setting. Visualization of the transplanted pancreas was variable and was strongly influenced by adequacy of gastrointestinal opacification with contrast material. In four cases, linear high-density material was present within the graft, which, depending upon the surgical technique for handling exocrine secretions, represented either pancreaticojejunal stents or silicone within the pancreatic duct. Abdominal fluid collections were identified in 19 patients and were the most common complication identified by CT. Four of these collections were drained percutaneously. The major value of CT in pancreas transplantation is the identification and management of abdominal fluid collections in patients with abdominal pain and fever. PMID- 3905690 TI - Selective binding affinity of human plasma fibronectin for the collagens I-IV. AB - The binding of plasma fibronectin to the collagens I, II, and III was greater in a cohort of glaucoma patients. In contrast, binding of plasma fibronectin to collagen type IV was less in 39 glaucoma patients than in any of 3 other diagnostic categories, including 92 patients that were normal, cataract, and glaucoma suspect patients. This observation may have significance in further understanding the control of aqueous outflow resistance in glaucoma and nonglaucoma patients. PMID- 3905692 TI - The sonographic evaluation of hydronephrosis with progressive ureteric obstruction. An experimental model. AB - An experimental animal model was set up to examine the interrelationship between urine flow and progressive ureteric stenosis in producing sonographically detectable hydronephrosis. In four rabbits with mild ureteric stenosis or no stenosis the renal pelvis showed little distension even with rapid diuresis. Progressively tighter ureteric stenoses resulted in progressive renal pelvic distension accentuated by diuresis. The implication is that the normal, unobstructed ureter in the rabbit is able to remove urine from the kidney as fast as it may be produced, even during conditions of maximal diuresis. Therefore, in the absence of any other factor that may contribute to overdistension of the upper urinary tract, a state of diuresis will not simulate hydronephrosis. PMID- 3905693 TI - Magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of acute renal allograft rejection and its differentiation from acute tubular necrosis. Experimental study in the dog. AB - This study was designed to evaluate the potential utility of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the diagnosis of acute renal allograft rejection and its differentiation from acute tubular necrosis (ATN). Eighteen canines were used. Five animals served as controls. ATN was induced in six animals by cross-clamping of the left renal artery for 90 minutes. In order to study acute renal allograft rejection, seven animals were subjected to exchange allograft transplantation of the left kidney. MRI was performed with a 0.35T superconductive magnet. A double spin-echo technique was used with varying TR and TE parameters. The spin echo images were analyzed for morphology, signal intensity, T1 and T2 relaxation times, and spin density. The most useful MRI criteria for the diagnosis of ATN and acute rejection were found to be the renal size, the intensity difference between cortex and medulla (corticomedullary contrast), and the T1 relaxation time of the cortex. Normal kidneys showed maximal corticomedullary contrast (19% +/-2) on images obtained with TR = 0.5 sec and TE = 28 msec. Cortical T1 relaxation time was 551 msec + /-73. In the ATN group, the kidneys were slightly swollen (P = ns) and the corticomedullary contrast (11% + /-3) was reduced by 42% (P less than .01). T1 of the cortex (689 + /-142) was increased by 25% (P less than .10). In acute rejection, significant renal enlargement was noted (P less than .05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3905694 TI - Radiographic imaging of the pulmonary hila. AB - Evaluation of the pulmonary hila is an important but difficult aspect of chest radiology. The posteroanterior (PA) and lateral chest radiographs are useful in screening patients, but further evaluation of questionable abnormalities is often required. We review the strengths and weaknesses of each of the different imaging modalities used to assess the hila, including conventional tomograms, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). PMID- 3905695 TI - FL/AC ratio: poor predictor of intrauterine growth retardation. AB - Early antenatal detection of intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) may decrease the associated perinatal morbidity and mortality. A parameter based on sonographically measured femur length (FL) and abdominal circumference (AC), expressed as FL/AC X 100 and termed the FL/AC ratio, has recently been proposed by Hadlock et al as an age-independent predictor of IUGR. We studied 285 normal and 37 IUGR fetuses to verify that the FL/AC ratio is independent of gestational age (GA) and to assess its value as a predictor of IUGR. Our results confirm that the FL/AC ratio is age-independent above 20 weeks and that its mean value differs in normal (22.4 +/- 1.7) and IUGR (23.7 +/- 1.4) fetuses (P less than .01, t test). Because of considerable overlap between these two groups, however, there is no cutoff value for the FL/AC ratio that yields both a high sensitivity and a high specificity, or that leads to a high positive predictive value. With a cutoff of 23.5, for example, the sensitivity is 56% and the specificity 74%, and, even assuming an IUGR prevalence rate of 10%, the likelihood of IUGR in a fetus with an FL/AC ratio above the cutoff is only 19%. We conclude that the FL/AC ratio, though an age-independent measure whose mean value differs in normal and IUGR fetuses, is not clinically useful as a predictor of IUGR. PMID- 3905696 TI - Air gap technique for digital subtraction angiography of the extracranial carotid arteries. AB - The technique of applying an air gap between the patient and the x-ray detector reduces scattered radiation from the patient's neck sufficiently to allow performance of DSA of the extracranial carotid arteries with the antiscatter grid removed. When compared with the conventional grid technique, air gap allows 25 to 88% reduction of mA without increasing the kVp or exposure time and without loss of spatial resolution or diagnostic image quality. These considerable patient radiation-exposure savings can be implemented on DSA systems that use ordinary under-table x-ray tube fluoroscopic equipment without the purchase of additional hardware. PMID- 3905697 TI - Biographical sketches--57. Escherich. PMID- 3905698 TI - Biographical sketches No. 50--Osler. PMID- 3905699 TI - The history of neurology. PMID- 3905701 TI - Primary ureteral carcinoma. Experience in a general surgical service. AB - Five cases (3M, 2F) of ureteral transitional cell carcinoma are reported. they have been observed in the last two years in a general surgical service. All the patients have been treated surgically. Gross hematuria was present in all the patients. Three cases had multicentric tumor sites. Three tumors were located in the distal ureter. Four cases showed a non functioning kidney at IVP. In two, because of obstruction, retrograde pyelography was unsuccessful. Ultrasound was able to demonstrate hydronephrosis. In the two cases submitted to angio-CT the spread of the tumor was correctly diagnosed. Frequency, etiology, clinical, diagnostic findings and surgical therapy as well have all been taken into account, based on the literature. Histopathologic aspects, grade and stage, are considered too. The authors emphasize the necessity to find and understand the cause of an unexplained hematuria, since ureteral carcinoma is not as rare as previously thought. Being grade and stage closely related to prognosis, the diagnostic delay must be reduced. PMID- 3905700 TI - Comparison of two systemic antibiotics for the prevention of complications in elective colorectal surgery. AB - In a prospective randomized trial on 77 patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery, cefoxitin and cephalothin were given as systemic antibiotic prophylaxis. Postoperative sepsis occurred in 2/40 (5%) of those given cefoxitin compared to 9/37 (24.3%) of those given cephalothin. The reduction in the infection rate in the group treated by cefoxitin was statistically significant (p less than 0.02). Specific drug toxicity was not evidenced except for transient skin rashes in two patients of both groups. PMID- 3905702 TI - Effects of chloroquine on the serum complement system. AB - Chloroquine, a well-known anti-malarial and anti-inflammatory agent, was studied with respect to its effect on the serum complement system. The drug exhibited significant in vitro anti-complementary activity only at a very high non therapeutic dose of 48 mg/ml. Chloroquine-induced in vitro complement consumption was observed to take place even in the absence of Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions. The drug also haemolyses rabbit erythrocytes in the presence of Mg2+-EGTA and immunoelectrophoretic studies of fresh human serum and chloroquine incubation mixture against specific anti-C3 and anti-factor B antisera have demonstrated that it cleaves both C3 and factor B. In another experiment, chloroquine failed to exert inhibitory effects on complement utilisation by immune complexes. Studies of the serum complement profile of Plasmodium falciparum-infected malaria patients receiving chloroquine therapy indicated that, in contrast to the situation in vitro, the serum C3 level is invariably decreased. Marginal reductions in the levels of C4, factor B and properdin were also found in some of these patients, while administration of chloroquine to normal human individuals failed to produce any significant change in their serum complement profile. It is, therefore, probable that malarial parasites and not chloroquine are responsible for complement activation in patients suffering from malaria. PMID- 3905703 TI - Has success spoiled hospice? PMID- 3905704 TI - Wanted: moral virtues in the military. PMID- 3905705 TI - No cheers for temporary artificial hearts. PMID- 3905706 TI - Rethinking the morality of animal research. PMID- 3905707 TI - How Medicare is altering the hospice movement. PMID- 3905708 TI - Having babies at home: is it safe? Is it ethical? AB - Home births entail a definite small risk, of unknown magnitude. Hospital births entail a wider range of risks, whose magnitude may be large but is also unknown. The morality of home births should be decided on a case-by-case basis, according to these priorities: safety of the mother, safety of the fetus, benefit to the fetus, potential benefit to the mother. PMID- 3905709 TI - Congress and the emergence of public health policy. AB - Significant changes are occurring in the health care system in the United States, but the direction of change is unclear. This article examines public health policy and argues that Congress may revive national health insurance plans to ensure equal access to care, while achieving more control over government expenditures. PMID- 3905710 TI - Strategic planning for health care management information systems. AB - Using a planning methodology and a structured design technique for analyzing data and data flow, information requirements can be derived to produce a strategic plan for a management information system. Such a long-range plan classifies information groups and assigns them priorities according to the goals of the organization. The approach emphasizes user involvement. PMID- 3905711 TI - Use of cost prediction simulation models for CON affordability review. AB - The relationship between capital costs and operating costs is being viewed as one of the driving forces behind the rampant inflation in health care costs. A cost prediction simulation model has been developed that can set affordability criteria readily implemented by CON review agencies. PMID- 3905712 TI - [Albert Neisser and his students]. AB - The records of 190 students of Albert Neisser are presented, which are based on archive material. The Breslau School was the founder of German dermatology. Particular attention is paid to the directors of 17 university and 18 municipal dermatological clinics. PMID- 3905713 TI - [Effect of ketotifen in urticaria factitia and urticaria cholinergica in a crossover double-blind trial]. AB - Forty patients with urticaria, 13 with cholinergic urticaria, 22 with urticaria factitia, and 5 with both types of urticaria, were treated with ketotifen or placebo in a double-blind crossover study. Five patients dropped out, one because of excessive weight gain. In 23 of 24 patients with urticaria factitia, ketotifen caused a marked reduction of wealing and pruritus. In contrast, only 62% of the patients with cholinergic urticaria noticed a reduction of wealing, and 69% had reduced itching. Ketotifen caused few side effects, the most frequent one being mild tiredness in 9% of the patients. The beneficial effect of ketotifen in urticaria factitia and cholinergic urticaria may be due to its ability to reduce the liberation and the effectiveness of mast cell mediators. PMID- 3905714 TI - [Coincidence of light urticaria and lichen ruber planus]. AB - A 49-year-old patient with concomitant solar urticaria (SU) and lichen planus (LP) is presented. The sunlight- and UV-A-provoked wheal and flare SU reactions were interpreted as an antigen-antibody reaction, probably involving a reaginic antibody, because SU was passively transferred by a serum factor utilizing the Prausnitz-Kustner reaction. The reduced percentage of suppressor cytotoxic T-cell subset in peripheral blood typical of active LP may facilitate the increased production of reaginic antibodies after presentation of antigen by sunlight. Not only was the usual immunological reaction of LP (similar to graft-versus-host reaction) suppressed by PUVA treatment, but increased tolerance to sunlight was also achieved. PMID- 3905715 TI - [Proliferation kinetic and immunohistochemical studies of urothelial atypias/dysplasias and cancers]. PMID- 3905716 TI - [Value of long-term prevention in noninvasive bladder tumors]. PMID- 3905717 TI - Blood sugar in relation to endocrine hormones during hemorrhagic shock in dogs. PMID- 3905718 TI - Erythrocyte insulin receptors in non-insulin-dependent diabetics before and after treatment. PMID- 3905719 TI - A tribute to Olavi Eino Eranko (1924-1984). PMID- 3905720 TI - Rabbit peroxidase-antiperoxidase complex (PAP) as a model for the uptake of immunoglobulin G by the human placenta. AB - Rabbit peroxidase-antiperoxidase complex (PAP) has been shown to bind to IgG receptors on the human placental syncytiotrophoblast microvillar membrane. Its binding characteristics suggest that it is suitable as a probe for studies on the uptake of IgG by the human placenta. A novel assay system was developed to measure the dissociation constants (Kd) of the binding of PAP and of unlabelled human IgG to purified placental microvillar membranes. The Kd for PAP was found to be 54 nM, while that for unlabelled IgG was found to be 17.5 nM. The uptake of PAP by placental tissue slices was observed using peroxidase histochemistry and electron microscopy. In initial experiments, reaction product was confined to the peripheral regions of the syncytiotrophoblast. Assaying a placental homogenate for catalase activity showed that it contained 250 units of activity per g wet weight of tissue (compared with 680 units/g for rat liver). Treatment of fixed tissue with the catalase inhibitor 3-amino-1, 2, 4-triazole allowed the localization of peroxidase reaction product in deeper regions of the syncytiotrophoblast. Based on observations of the localization of reaction product, we propose that PAP is taken up in coated pits, transferred into large apical multivesicular bodies, segregated into small vesicles which then transport it to the Golgi. From here the PAP is directed to the basal membrane by a mechanism as yet unknown. PMID- 3905721 TI - Immunohistochemical staining of macrophages in the skin lesions of leprosy: the role of antibody to mycobacteria in human serum and various polyclonal immune rabbit antisera. AB - Immunohistochemical staining of tuberculoid and lepromatous leprosy skin lesions was performed using various rabbit antisera. Macrophages in both stained with serum containing antibodies against lysozyme and alpha-1-antitrypsin, while macrophages in lepromatous leprosy also reacted with other antibodies. An immunoglobulin fraction of positive serum stained following pepsin digestion, indicating that reactivity was not Fc dependent. Positive serum contained antibody against Mycobacterium butyricum, which caused macrophage staining, since affinity-purified antibody did not stain and absorption with M. butyricum removed staining. Staining was also produced by serum of subjects with leprosy or a positive tuberculin test. By immunoblotting, the anti-mycobacterial antibody was directed against surface components of M. butyricum of molecular weights 20 000 70 000. Electron microscopy showed M. leprae in phagolysosomes of macrophages, while immunoelectron microscopy demonstrated labelling along bacterial cell membranes. Therefore, macrophages in lepromatous leprosy skin lesions stain because they contain M. leprae, which reacts with antibody to either M. leprae, M. tuberculosis or atypical mycobacteria in human serum and with antibody to M. butyricum in serum from rabbits immunized with various antigens and Freund's complete adjuvant. These results indicate that immunohistochemical studies on leprosy are misleading if performed using intact polyclonal immune sera rather than affinity purified or monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 3905722 TI - Monoclonal antibody to human lysosomal alpha-glucosidase in immunocytochemistry: unexpected reactivity with cytoskeletal structures. AB - A well-characterized monoclonal antibody against human lysosomal alpha glucosidase has been used for the immunohistochemical localization of the enzyme in cultured human skin fibroblasts. Under conditions that are routinely used for the preparation of cells for immunocytochemistry, this monoclonal antibody does not react with acid alpha-glucosidase but in contrast with components of the cytoskeleton. Double-labelling experiments with the monoclonal antibody and rabbit anti-vimentin antiserum identified the cytoskeletal components as intermediate filaments. The implications of this observation for the use of monoclonal antibodies in immunocytochemistry in general are discussed. PMID- 3905723 TI - Cell surface antigens on osteoclasts and related cells in the quail studied with monoclonal antibodies. AB - The properties of five monoclonal antibodies raised against isolated osteoclasts are described. Osteoclasts were isolated from medullary bone of egg-laying female quails. Mice were immunized with cell preparations consisting for about 10% of multinucleated osteoclasts. A large number of monoclonal antibodies against cell surface antigens were obtained, five of which were extensively characterized by their interactions with different tissues of the quail and their cross-reactivity with other species. Two monoclonals (OC 5.3 and OC 6.8), recognize surface antigens present on osteoclasts, monocytes, granulocytes and endothelial cells, but not on osteoblasts, osteocytes, fibroblasts, lymphocytes, erythrocytes and others. The three other monoclonal antibodies are specific for multinucleated osteoclasts in bone tissue but recognize some cell surface structures in other tissues. Antibody OC 6.9, which in bone tissue stains primarily the surface area of the osteoclast that is adjacent to the resorbing bone surface, also interacts with bile capillaries in the liver and with specific, but not yet identified parts of the nephron. The antibodies OC 6.1 and OC 6.3 interact with Kupffer cells in the liver and tissue macrophages of small intestine. In view of the possible fallacies inherent to the use of cell surface markers for the demonstration of cell relationship and origin, definite conclusions can not yet be made. The fact that the osteoclast, the Kupffer cell and the intestine macrophage are the only cells in bone, bone marrow, liver, kidney and intestine, that share the same surface antigen recognized by monoclonals OC 6.1 and OC 6.3, suggests, however, a common origin for osteoclasts and a number of well described tissue macrophages. PMID- 3905725 TI - [Therapy of othematoma--a suggestion for a conservative surgical technic]. AB - A. Herrmann's method of fenestration for otitic hematoma has remained unchanged since 1939. A modern modification of this method using an intra-auricular transchondral fixation of perichondrium is presented. PMID- 3905724 TI - Distribution of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase-like immunoreactivity in the rat pineal organ. AB - The aim of the present investigation was to study the distribution in the rat pineal gland of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) which is essential for the formation of the melatonin synthesis-regulating substance noradrenaline (NA). In 5- and 8-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats DBH-like immunoreactivity (DBH-LI) was studied using polyclonal antibodies against DBH and the indirect immunofluorescent technique. DBH-LI was mainly located in pineal nerve fibres coming from the superior cervical ganglia. The intensity of the staining reaction was considerably lower than in non-pineal noradrenergic nerve fibres and the impression was gained by comparison of DBH-LI specimens with glyoxylic acid treated sections that only approximately one third of the NA-containing intrapineal nerve fibres exhibited DBH-LI. There were no detectable differences in DBH-LI with regard to time of day and age of the animals. These results suggest that NA synthesis may be relatively low in intrapineal sympathetic nerve fibers and that the NA required for the regulation of pineal melatonin synthesis may, to a large degree, stem from the circulation. In addition to nerve fibres, some rare intrapineal cell bodies exhibited DBH-LI; in 5-month-old rats their numbers did not reveal significant differences between day and night. These cells do not appear to represent pinealocytes. They may be a special population of noradrenergic nerve cells perhaps belonging to an as yet unknown intrapineal regulatory system. PMID- 3905726 TI - "Memory of the future": an essay on the temporal organization of conscious awareness. AB - The classical tripartite concept of time divided into past/present/future components, has been applied to the analysis of the functional cerebral substrate of conscious awareness. Attempts have been made to localize and to separate the neuronal machineries which are responsible for the experience of a past, a present, and a future. One's experience of a past is obviously related to one's memories. Memory mechanisms (in the conventional sense) have a well known functional relation to superficial and deep parts of the temporal lobe. Some such mechanisms presumably have a more widespread distribution. The experience of a present or a "Now-situation" is mediated by the sensory input. This input also exerts a role for conscious awareness of an inner Now-situation, independent of current afferent impulses, as shown by numerous observations on sensory deprivation. The main discussion is devoted to the experience of a future. Evidence is summarized that the frontal/prefrontal cortex handles the temporal organization of behaviour and cognition, and that the same structures house the action programs or plans for future behaviour and cognition. As these programs can be retained and recalled, they might be termed "memories of the future". It is suggested that they form the basis for anticipation and expectation as well as for the short and long-term planning of a goal-directed behavioural and cognitive repertoire. This repertoire for future use is based upon experiences of past events and the awareness of a Now-situation, and it is continuously rehearsed and optimized. Lesions or dysfunctions of the frontal/prefrontal cortex give rise to states characterized by a "loss of future", with consequent indifference, inactivity, lack of ambition, and inability to foresee the consequences of one's future behaviour. It is concluded that the prefrontal cortex is responsible for the temporal organization of behaviour and cognition due to its seemingly specific capacity to handle serial information and to extract causal relations from such information. Possibly the serial action programs which are stored in the prefrontal cortex are also used by the brain as templates for extracting meaningful (serial) information from the enormous, mainly non-serial, random, sensory noise to which the brain is constantly exposed. Without a "memory of the future" such an extraction cannot take place. PMID- 3905727 TI - A double-stranded absorbable suture for fascial closure in laparotomy incisions. PMID- 3905728 TI - Amenorrhea, galactorrhea, and hyperprolactinemia. PMID- 3905729 TI - Calcium supplementation in the treatment of hypertension. PMID- 3905731 TI - History of irradiation in the primary management of apparently regionally confined breast cancer. PMID- 3905730 TI - A report of a randomized trial of d(15)+Be neutrons compared with megavoltage X ray therapy of bladder cancer. AB - The results of a randomized trial of d(15)+Be neutrons compared with 4 or 6 MV photons for the treatment of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Between December 1978 and December 1981, 113 patients were accrued, 53 allocated to be treated by neutrons and 60 by photons. Complete local tumor regression was observed in 64% of patients treated by neutrons and 62% treated by photons. Recurrent cancer was subsequently confirmed in 31% of patients, similar in both treatment groups. There was no significant difference in the control rates by T stage between the two treatment groups. Late morbidity was significantly worse in patients treated by neutrons. Following neutron therapy, 78% of patients had serious late morbidity in at least one tissue compared with 38% in the group treated by photons. Survival was significantly better in the photon treated group 45.3% (+/- 11%) at 5 years compared with 12% (+/- 6%) after neutron therapy. PMID- 3905733 TI - [Midwife's experience with ultrasound screening]. PMID- 3905732 TI - Response of the lung to intermittent irradiation: the importance of average versus instantaneous dose rate. PMID- 3905734 TI - Cephabacin M1-6, new 7-methoxycephem antibiotics of bacterial origin. I. A producing organism, fermentation, biological activities, and mode of action. AB - New 7-methoxycephem antibiotics were found in culture filtrates of a bacterium isolated from a plant and named cephabacin M1-6. They are the first members of 7 methoxycephem antibiotics of bacterial origin. The producing organism was taxonomically characterized and identified as Xanthomonas lactamgena YK-431; other strains of this species have recently been reported to produce cephabacin F and H group antibiotics. Cephabacin M1-6 exhibited moderate antibacterial activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Cephabacin M1-6 were as stable as cephamycin C to cephalosporinases. They showed inhibitory activity against a cephalosporinase of Proteus vulgaris GN 4413. The mode of action of cephabacin M1 was examined using Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis as test organisms; primary lethal targets of cephabacin M1 are penicillin-binding protein (PBP) 1 in E. coli and PBP 4 in B. subtilis. PMID- 3905735 TI - Glucose response to exogenous insulin and kinetics of insulin metabolism in obese and lean heifers. AB - Changes in serum concentrations of glucose and insulin after iv injection of a low (20 mU/kg) and high (200 mU/kg) dose of bovine insulin were used to quantify insulin resistance and calculate kinetic variables of injected insulin, respectively, in four obese and four lean heifers. Serum samples from jugular venous blood were collected 60, 45, 30, 15 and 1 min before and 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 150, 180, 210 and 240 min after each treatment. Mean (+/- SE) pretreatment concentration of insulin (microU/ml) was higher (P less than .01) in obese (50 +/- 6.6) than lean (20 +/- 1.8) heifers, even though glucose concentrations were similar in both groups (71 +/- 2.9 mg/100 ml). Concentrations of insulin after each treatment were similar in both groups and returned to pretreatment values by 60 and 120 min after injection of the low and high doses, respectively. Glucose concentrations during the first 40 min after treatment with the low dose were lower (P less than .05) in lean than obese heifers, but were similar in both groups during the first 40 to 60 min after the high dose of insulin. The high insulin dose decreased (P less than .05) glucose concentrations below those of the low dose in each group, but the difference was greater (P less than .01) in obese than lean heifers. These results indicated that obese heifers were insensitive to the glucoregulatory effects of exogenous insulin, although the maximum responses to insulin were similar.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3905736 TI - Insulin response to glucose in estrous and diestrous obese and lean heifers. AB - This study determined if the insulin and glucose responses to glucose infusion in obese (n = 4) and lean (n = 4) Holstein heifers were affected by stage of the estrous cycle. Glucose (.35 g/kg) was infused within 2 min into the jugular veins of heifers during diestrus (d 15) and at the subsequent estrus (d 0). Concentrations of insulin and glucose were determined in jugular venous serum obtained from blood samples collected at 60, 45, 30, 15 and 1 min before and at 2.5, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140, 160, 180, 210 and 240 min after glucose. Mean (+/- SE) pretreatment concentrations of glucose (mg/100 ml) in obese (68 +/- 1.9) and lean (71 +/- 2.5) heifers were unaffected by body condition and stage of the cycle. Mean (+/- SE) pretreatment concentrations of insulin (microU/ml) were unaffected by stage of the cycle but were higher (P less than .05) in obese (33 +/- 3.6) than in lean (18 +/- 2.7) heifers. Body condition affected the insulin response with greater absolute concentrations (P less than .01) and total (P less than .005) response areas of insulin in obese than in lean heifers. Kinetics of the injected glucose were unaffected by body condition and stage of the cycle.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3905738 TI - History of dentistry in Hawaii. PMID- 3905737 TI - Changes in hormone and metabolite concentrations in plasma of steers during a prolonged fast. AB - Two Brown Swiss and two Holstein steers, average weight of 226 kg, were fasted 8 d. Two days before the fast, jugular vein catheters were installed. Blood samples were collected every 15 min from 0800 to 1400 h on d 0, 2, 5 and 8 of fasting. Plasma from each sample was analyzed for concentrations of growth hormone, and from selected samples for insulin, glucagon, glucose, beta-hydroxybutyrate, free fatty acids, urea N and glycerol. Both growth hormone and insulin concentrations decreased by d 2 of the fast and remained at that concentration. Glucagon, however, remained constant. From d 0 to 2, concentrations of beta hydroxybutyrate, free fatty acids and glycerol increased but then changed little for d 5 and 8. From d 0 to 2, glucose decreased and urea N increased. In contrast to the other metabolites, glucose and urea N concentrations stabilized between 3 and 5 d of fasting. The ratio of growth hormone to insulin decreased threefold and the ratio of glucagon to insulin decreased fivefold from d 0 to 2; both ratios remained constant during the rest of the fast. The data indicate that fasting cattle adapt by decreasing concentrations in plasma of growth hormone and insulin but not glucagon. These endocrine changes, therefore, seem responsible for greater rates of free fatty acid mobilization and glucose sparing during an energy deficit. PMID- 3905739 TI - History of dentistry in Hawaii. PMID- 3905740 TI - History of dentistry in Hawaii. PMID- 3905741 TI - Sensitivity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae vegetative cells and spores to antimicrobial compounds. AB - The sensitivity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae spores and vegetative cells to various antimicrobial compounds was compared. Sulphur dioxide, benzoic acid, potassium sorbate, salicylic acid, nystatin, actidione and pimaricin were tested. Generally, the Saccharomyces spores were more resistant than the corresponding vegetative cells. It was also observed that this greater resistance shown by the spores varied with the antimicrobial compound used. Only potassium sorbate was not selective and killed both vegetative cells and spores at about the same rate. PMID- 3905742 TI - A microprocessor-controlled photometer for monitoring microbial growth in multi welled plates. AB - Multi-welled microtitre plates provide a convenient means of handling 'large block' multifactorial experiments with microbial cultures. An inexpensive instrument, termed a 'Biophotometer', has been designed to monitor microbial growth in each well, by transmitted light measurements. Optional microcomputer control is employed to facilitate scanning of plates and data handling. A unique method for agitating cultures is incorporated into the system. Typical results are presented to illustrate the versatility of this system. PMID- 3905744 TI - [Attenuation of the virulence of M. lepraemurium after serial mouse passages over a long period. VIII. Clinical features of subcutaneous and visceral lesions, at the 50th generation of Hawaiian M and Hawaiian B strains, in mice]. PMID- 3905743 TI - Identification of lymphocyte subsets in leprosin A positive sites following vaccination. PMID- 3905745 TI - [Clinical therapy of leprosy and acid-fast bacilli in the nervous system]. PMID- 3905746 TI - Mutations affecting the resistance of Escherichia coli K-12 to beta-lactam antibiotics. AB - Two mutants of Escherichia coli resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics exhibited beta-lactamase activity slightly higher than the wild type strain. One showed disturbance in cephaloridine and penicillin penetration into cells. Neither differed from the wild strain in terms of the major outer membrane proteins or PBPs. It is suggested that the disturbance in penetration of beta-lactam antibiotics in one of the mutants concerns diffusion of the drug directly through the double-layer phospholipid membrane. PMID- 3905747 TI - A comparison of the activity of mepartricin and amphotericin B against yeasts. AB - An in-vitro comparison was made of the activity of mepartricin and amphotericin B against yeasts both in the presence and absence of pooled human plasma. The methods used included minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), liquid cultures and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Mepartricin was found to be consistently more active than amphotericin B and to exhibit a partial inhibitory action over a wider range of concentrations below the MIC. In the presence of plasma, amphotericin B had increased activity but there was a slight reduction for mepartricin. By electron microscopy both drugs exhibited a rapid effect on Candida albicans and the cell membrane was found to be their primary target. Mepartricin was found to have the additional effect of causing a delayed separation of dividing cells and damage on both sides of the septum between mother and daughter cells. This suggests interference with the enzymatic mechanism of septum formation or chitin synthesis. PMID- 3905748 TI - In-vitro and in-vivo activity of metronidazole against Gardnerella vaginalis, Bacteroides spp. and Mobiluncus spp. in bacterial vaginosis. AB - An open, randomized, culture-controlled clinical study was designed to compare the efficacy of a single 2 g dose of metronidazole (Elyzol) with standard 7-day therapy in the treatment of bacterial vaginosis (BV). Forty-one of 47 (87%) patients given the single dose and 30 of 33 (91%) given the 7-day treatment were found to be cured seven days after treatment. At final assessment, 24 of 34 (71%) patients given the single dose and 22 of 28 (79%) given the 7-day treatment remained cured. The two regimes were equally efficaceous in eradicating Gardnerella vaginalis, Bacteroides spp. and Mobiluncus spp. (anaerobic curved rods) from vaginal specimens from patients with BV. The in-vitro activity of metronidazole and its hydroxy metabolite was determined for 11 strains of Gard. vaginalis, 17 strains of Bacteroides spp. and 14 strains of Mobiluncus spp. which had been isolated from patients prior to treatment. The MIC of metronidazole against Gard. vaginalis varied between 2 and greater than or equal to 128 mg/l (median MIC 32 mg/l), but the hydroxy metabolite showed a markedly increased activity against eight of the strains tested (median MIC 4 mg/l). The MIC of metronidazole against the Mobiluncus spp. varied between 0.5 and greater than or equal to 128 mg/l (median MIC 16 mg/l) and the hydroxy metabolite showed little increased activity (median MIC also 16 mg/l). The Bacteroides organisms were highly susceptible to metronidazole and to the hydroxy metabolite, each having a median MIC of 1 mg/l. PMID- 3905749 TI - Therapeutic activities of nitrothiazole derivatives in experimental infections with Salmonella typhimurium and Bacteroides fragilis. AB - The antibacterial activities of niridazole (AmbilharR) and 12 other newly synthesized nitrothiazole derivatives were examined. Most of these compounds were active in vitro against Salmonella typhimurium (MICs 1-4 mg/l) and Bacteroides fragilis (MICs 0.015-0.03 mg/l). A therapeutic effect as determined by a reduction of bacterial counts per spleen of mice infected with Salm. typhimurium could only be achieved with those agents which displayed a similar side chain as niridazole, i.e. an imidazolidinone ring. Other nitrothiazole derivatives with a cleaved imidazolidinone ring as the side chain, although active in vitro, could not exert a reduction of bacterial counts in vivo. Similar results were obtained in mice infected with Bact. fragilis. Whereas niridazole and another nitrothiazole derivative with an imidazolidinone ring in the side chain were able to reduce the bacterial counts in a subcutaneous abscess, the derivative with a laminar side chain was inactive in vivo, although highly active in vitro. PMID- 3905750 TI - Recurrent genital herpes suppressed by oral acyclovir: a multicentre double blind trial. AB - Eighty-eight of 111 patients with frequently recurring genital herpes attending five centres completed a randomized, double-blind, cross over trial with 200 mg oral acyclovir four times daily for 84 days before or after a similar course of placebo tablets. During the course of placebo 77 (88%) patients reported the development of lesions, four (5%) the development of symptoms and/or erythema but no further signs of a recurrence and seven (8%) remained entirely free of symptoms and signs. In contrast during acyclovir therapy only 11 (13%) patients reported lesions, a further 37 (42%) the development of symptoms and/or erythema only, while 40 (45%) patients remained entirely free of symptoms and signs. For each parameter the difference between active and placebo treatments was highly significant (P less than 0.001). Median times to recurrence after the end of both courses were similar. The drug was well tolerated and the findings indicate that continuous oral acyclovir therapy has a place in the management of frequent recurrences of genital herpes though the indications are not entirely clear. One possibility is the suppression of recurrence at times when it would be especially unwelcome such as during examinations or holidays. PMID- 3905751 TI - The penetration of ceftazidime into peritoneal fluid in patients undergoing elective abdominal surgery. AB - Using paper discs we have made repeated observations during laparotomy in 31 patients after giving 1 g of ceftazidime intravenously. Samples of serum were obtained simultaneously. Rapid transfer of antibiotic occurred. Peak concentration in peritoneal fluid occurred within 10 minutes of injection (66.7 mg/l, S.E. +/- 10.6), the concurrent mean serum level being 106.0 mg/l (S.E. +/- 10.7). Thereafter levels in serum and peritoneal fluid fell roughly in parallel. PMID- 3905752 TI - Pharmacokinetics of ceftazidime and ceftriaxone and their penetration into the ascitic fluid. PMID- 3905753 TI - Transferable resistance to 2nd and 3rd generation cephalosporins in a strain of Enterobacter cloacae. PMID- 3905754 TI - Can tritiated water-dilution space accurately predict total body water in chukar partridges? AB - Total body water (TBW) volumes determined from the dilution space of injected tritiated water have consistently overestimated actual water volumes (determined by desiccation to constant mass) in reptiles and mammals, but results for birds are controversial. We investigated potential errors in both the dilution method and the desiccation method in an attempt to resolve this controversy. Tritiated water dilution yielded an accurate measurement of water mass in vitro. However, in vivo, this method yielded a 4.6% overestimate of the amount of water (3.1% of live body mass) in chukar partridges, apparently largely because of loss of tritium from body water to sites of dissociable hydrogens on body solids. An additional source of overestimation (approximately 2% of body mass) was loss of tritium to the solids in blood samples during distillation of blood to obtain pure water for tritium analysis. Measuring tritium activity in plasma samples avoided this problem but required measurement of, and correction for, the dry matter content in plasma. Desiccation to constant mass by lyophilization or oven drying also overestimated the amount of water actually in the bodies of chukar partridges by 1.4% of body mass, because these values included water adsorbed onto the outside of feathers. When desiccating defeathered carcasses, oven-drying at 70 degrees C yielded TBW values identical to those obtained from lyophilization, but TBW was overestimated (0.5% of body mass) by drying at 100 degrees C due to loss of organic substances as well as water.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3905755 TI - Effects of flunixin meglumine on cardiopulmonary responses to endotoxin in ponies. AB - The effects of endotoxemia on cardiopulmonary parameters, before and after cyclooxygenase blockade, were determined in anesthetized ponies spontaneously breathing a mixture of halothane and 100% O2. Escherichia coli endotoxin was infused intravenously at 20 micrograms/kg for 1 h followed by 10 micrograms X kg 1 X h-1 the subsequent 4 h. By 15 min endotoxin increased mean pulmonary arterial pressure (Ppa), pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), and alveolar dead space ventilation (VDA/VT), and these were followed by a return to base-line values by 30 min. A second increase in PVR occurred by 5 h of endotoxemia. The early increases in Ppa, PVR, and VDA/VT were blocked by flunixin meglumine (FM), a cyclooxygenase inhibitor. Endotoxin decreased central plasma volume by 1 h and cardiac index by 3 h; hematocrit and plasma protein concentration were increased by 0.5 and 1.5 h, respectively, indicating a loss of plasma volume. These changes were also blocked or attenuated by FM. Moreover, in ponies treated with endotoxin + FM, cardiac index increased, indicating the presence of a cardiac-stimulating factor. We conclude that endotoxemia in ponies causes cardiopulmonary dysfunction that is mediated by cyclooxygenase-dependent and possibly cyclooxygenase independent metabolites. PMID- 3905756 TI - Role of liver nerves and adrenal medulla in glucose turnover of running rats. AB - Sympathetic control of glucose turnover was studied in rats running 35 min at 21 m X min-1 on the level. The rats were surgically liver denervated, adrenodemedullated, or sham operated. Glucose turnover was measured by primed constant infusion of [3-3H]glucose. At rest, the three groups had identical turnover rates and concentrations of glucose in plasma. During running, glucose production always rose rapidly to steady levels. The increase was not influenced by liver denervation but was halved by adrenodemedullation. Similarly, hepatic glycogen depletion was identical in denervated and control rats but reduced after adrenodemedullation. Early in exercise, glucose uptake rose identically in all groups and, in adrenodemedullated rats, matched glucose production. Accordingly, plasma glucose concentration increased in liver-denervated and control rats but was constant in adrenodemedullated rats. Compensatory changes in hormone or substrate levels explaining the lack of effect of liver denervation were not found. In rats with intact adrenals, the plasma epinephrine concentration was increased after 2.5 min of running. It is concluded that, in rats carrying out exercise of moderate intensity and duration, hepatic glycogenolysis and glucose production are not influenced by the autonomic liver nerves but are enhanced by circulating epinephrine. PMID- 3905757 TI - Possible requirement of collagen gel substratum for production of mucin-like glycoproteins by primary rabbit tracheal epithelial cells in culture. AB - Primary rabbit tracheal epithelial cells growing on either plastic surface or collagen gel produce high molecular weight glycoconjugates. Biochemical characterization of these materials show they are exclusively hyaluronic acid when cells are grown on plastic surface, but a mixture of hyaluronic acid and mucin-like glycoproteins when grown on collagen gel. This research suggests that the substratum plays an important role in the maintenance or differentiation or both of mucous cells in culture. PMID- 3905759 TI - A serum-free medium that supports the growth of cultured skeletal muscle satellite cells. AB - A serum-free medium has been devised that supports the proliferation and differentiation of primary cultures of rat skeletal muscle satellite cells for up to 4 d. The medium consists of a mixture of Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium and MCDB-104 plus insulin, dexamethasone, pituitary fibroblast growth factor, Deutsch fetuin, and linoleic acid. In addition to promoting the formation of myotubes from satellite cells, a decrease in fibroblast contamination of these cultures was observed when cultures grown in serum-free medium were compared to cultures grown in serum-containing medium. PMID- 3905758 TI - Human dermal microvascular endothelial cells: an improved method for tissue culture and a description of some singular properties in culture. AB - Tissue culture of human large vessel endothelium is now routine in many laboratories but tissue culture of human microvascular endothelium remains a difficult procedure, preventing study of features of endothelial function that may be peculiar to the microvasculature. This report describes an improved method for tissue culture of human dermal microvascular endothelium derived from foreskin. The method is rapid, reproducible, avoids contamination with nonendothelial cells, and does not require the use of a tumor-conditioned medium. The major modifications over existing techniques are the use of a Percoll density gradient to remove the majority of nonendothelial cells followed by a simplified weeding procedure that removes residual nonendothelial cells and leaves large numbers of endothelial cells to grow rapidly to confluence. The cells are identified as endothelial by their morphology and by positive immunofluorescence for Factor VIII. Proliferation experiments demonstrate their requirement for an exogenous matrix and for a high concentration of human serum. Whole serum was required as platelet-poor plasma serum had poor growth stimulatory activity. Proliferation could be enhanced by dibutyryl cyclic AMP or endothelial cell growth substance and was maximal with the combination of endothelial cell growth substance and heparin. However, the use of these agents did not remove the requirement for an exogenous matrix. Fibroblast growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, epidermal growth factor, nerve growth factor, and thrombin did not increase proliferation. PMID- 3905760 TI - Preoperative and postoperative irradiation for cancer of the lung. PMID- 3905761 TI - CT and US features of bilateral peripelvic cysts. PMID- 3905762 TI - Interspecific reconstitution of maltose transport and chemotaxis in Escherichia coli with maltose-binding protein from various enteric bacteria. AB - In Escherichia coli, the periplasmic maltose-binding protein (MBP), the product of the malE gene, is the primary recognition component of the transport system for maltose and maltodextrins. It is also the maltose chemoreceptor, in which capacity it interacts with the signal transducer Tar (taxis to aspartate and some repellents). In studies of the maltose system in other members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, we found that MBP is produced by Salmonella typhimurium, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter aerogenes, and Serratia marcescens. MBP from all of these species cross-reacted with antibody against the E. coli protein and had a similar molecular weight (about 40,000). The Shigella flexneri and Proteus mirabilis strains we examined did not synthesize MBP. The isoelectric points of MBP from different species varied from the acid extreme of E. coli (4.8) to the basic extreme of E. aerogenes (8.9). All species with MBP transported maltose with high affinity, although the Vmax for K. pneumoniae was severalfold lower than that for the other species. Maltose chemotaxis was observed only in E. coli and E. aerogenes. In S. typhimurium LT2, Tar was completely inactive in maltose taxis, although it signaled normally in response to aspartate. MBP isolated from all five species could be used to reconstitute maltose transport and taxis in a delta malE strain of E. coli after permeabilization of the outer membrane with calcium. PMID- 3905763 TI - Isolation and characterization of Paracoccus denitrificans mutants with defects in the metabolism of one-carbon compounds. AB - Mutants deficient in the metabolism of one-carbon compounds have been obtained by treating Paracoccus denitrificans with the mutagen N-methyl-N'-nitro-N nitrosoguanidine. Mutants were selected without enrichment procedures by newly developed plate screening tests. The obtained mutants were characterized by their growth responses, cytochrome composition, enzyme activities, and immunogenic reaction with antisera against methanol dehydrogenase. By these criteria five mutant classes could be distinguished. Class I mutants are involved in the expression of methanol dehydrogenase. Three mutants of this class have a defect in the structural gene. A double mutant was found with defects in the expression of both methanol dehydrogenase and hydrogenase. Class II mutants have a defect in a regulatory gene involved in the regulation of both methanol dehydrogenase and methylamine dehydrogenase. Class III mutants are deficient in formaldehyde metabolism. A defect may exist in the expression of a second non-NAD-linked formaldehyde dehydrogenase which was postulated to be involved in C1 metabolism. Class IV mutants are deficient in cytochrome c. Mutants of class V have a defect in synthesis of the molybdenum cofactor essential for the function of formate dehydrogenase. PMID- 3905764 TI - Chemical and immunological analysis of the complex structure of Escherichia coli alpha-hemolysin. AB - Escherichia coli alpha-hemolysin (AH) purified from culture supernatants by gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography was heterogeneous in charge and size. A 107,000-dalton protein was identified as the product of the hlyA gene by its reactivity with anti-AH monoclonal antibodies. Proteolysis of the product of the hlyA gene occurred but was not required for transport of the protein through the cell wall. Active AH had a larger size and lower pI than analysis of the hlyA gene sequence would predict, thus suggesting that the hlyA protein is complexed with other bacterial products. Lipopolysaccharide was detected in purified hemolysin complex preparations and may be a major component of the complexes. These findings suggest several possible mechanisms for release of AH from the bacterial cell including release by outer membrane fragmentation. The existence of AH complexed with lipopolysaccharide may have important implications in understanding its toxicity. PMID- 3905765 TI - Biosynthesis of the iron-molybdenum cofactor and the molybdenum cofactor in Klebsiella pneumoniae: effect of sulfur source. AB - NifQ- and Mol- mutants of Klebsiella pneumoniae show an elevated molybdenum requirement for nitrogen fixation. Substitution of cystine for sulfate as the sulfur source in the medium reduced the molybdenum requirement of these mutants to levels required by the wild type. Cystine also increased the intracellular molybdenum accumulation of NifQ- and Mol- mutants. Cystine did not affect the molybdenum requirement or accumulation in wild-type K. pneumoniae. Sulfate transport and metabolism in K. pneumoniae were repressed by cystine. However, the effect of cystine on the molybdenum requirement could not be explained by an interaction between sulfate and molybdate at the transport level. Cystine increased the molybdenum requirement of Mol- mutants for nitrate reductase activity by at least 100-fold. Cystine had the same effect on the molybdenum requirement for nitrate reductase activity in Escherichia coli ChlD- mutants. This shows that cystine does not have a generalized effect on molybdenum metabolism. Millimolar concentrations of molybdate inhibited nitrogenase and nitrate reductase derepression with sulfate as the sulfur source, but not with cystine. The inhibition was the result of a specific antagonism of sulfate metabolism by molybdate. The effects of nifQ and mol mutations on nitrogenase could be suppressed either by the addition of cystine or by high concentrations of molybdate. This suggests that a sulfur donor and molybdenum interact at an early step in the biosynthesis of the iron-molybdenum cofactor. This interaction might occur nonenzymatically when the levels of the reactants are high. PMID- 3905766 TI - Alterations in intracellular deoxyribonucleotide levels of mutationally altered ribonucleotide reductases in Escherichia coli. AB - Four recombinant plasmid clones (pPS305, pPS308, pPS317, and pPS319) coding for Escherichia coli ribonucleotide reductase have been characterized in vivo and in vitro. Each clone carried a different missense mutation affecting the B1 subunit. Measurements were made of deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate pools. Cells carrying the wild-type plasmid, pPS2, overproduced ribonucleotide reductase 10 to 20 times. As a consequence of this elevated enzyme level, the deoxyribonucleotide pools were approximately three times higher. All four mutant clones showed disturbed deoxyribonucleotide pools. The in vitro studies involved chromatography on affinity media, measurements of enzyme activity and allosteric regulation with a variety of substrates and effector molecules, and direct photoaffinity labeling in the presence of dTTP. Clones pPS305 and pPS308 were shown to code for catalytically defective enzymes, whereas clones pPS317 and pPS319 were shown to code for allosterically altered enzymes. The characterized missense mutations can thus be localized to areas involved in regulation of the substrate specificity or to the active site of protein B1. The alteration of the deoxyribonucleotide pools found in cells containing the allosterically defective clones pPS317 and pPS319 clearly demonstrated in vivo significance for the allosteric control of protein B1 in E. coli cells. PMID- 3905767 TI - Salmonella typhimurium proP gene encodes a transport system for the osmoprotectant betaine. AB - Betaine (N,N,N-trimethylglycine) can be accumulated to high intracellular concentrations and serves an important osmoprotective function in enteric bacteria. We found that the proP gene of Salmonella typhimurium, originally identified as encoding a minor transport system for proline (permease PP-II), plays an important role in betaine uptake. Mutations in proP reduced the ability of betaine to serve as an osmoprotectant. Transport of betaine into the cells was also severely impaired in these mutants. The kinetics of uptake via PP-II suggest that betaine, rather than proline, is the important physiological substrate for this transport system. Betaine uptake via PP-II was regulated by osmotic pressure at two different levels: transcription of the proP gene was increased by increasing osmolarity, and, in addition, activity of the transport system itself was dependent upon the osmotic pressure of the medium. The specificity of the transport system was also altered by increasing osmolarity which enhanced the affinity for betaine while reducing that for proline. PMID- 3905768 TI - Osmoregulation of gene expression in Salmonella typhimurium: proU encodes an osmotically induced betaine transport system. AB - Previous evidence has indicated that a gene, proU, is involved in the response of bacterial cells to growth at high osmolarity. Using Mu-mediated lacZ operon fusions we found that transcription of the proU gene of Salmonella typhimurium is stimulated over 100-fold in response to increases in external osmolarity. Our evidence suggests that changes in turgor pressure are responsible for these alterations in gene expression. Expression of proU is independent of the ompR gene, known to be involved in osmoregulation of porin expression. Thus, there must be at least two distinct mechanisms by which external osmolarity can influence gene expression. We show that there are relatively few genes in the cell which are under such osmotic control. The proU gene is shown to encode a high-affinity transport system (Km = 1.3 microM) for the osmoprotectant betaine, which is accumulated to high concentrations in response to osmotic stress. Even when fully induced, this transport system is only able to function in medium of high osmolarity. Thus, betaine transport is regulated by osmotic pressure at two levels: the induction of expression and by modulation of activity of the transport proteins. We have previously shown that the proP gene encodes a lower affinity betaine transport system (J. Cairney, I. R. Booth, and C. F. Higgins, J. Bacteriol., 164:1218-1223, 1985). In proP proU strains, no saturable betaine uptake could be detected although there was a low-level nonsaturable component at high substrate concentrations. Thus, S. typhimurium has two genetically distinct pathways for betaine uptake, a constitutive low-affinity system (proP) and an osmotically induced high-affinity system (proU). PMID- 3905769 TI - Differential expression of hydrogenase isoenzymes in Escherichia coli K-12: evidence for a third isoenzyme. AB - The cellular contents of the nickel-containing, membrane-bound hydrogenase isoenzymes 1 and 2 (hydrogenases 1 and 2) were analyzed by crossed immunoelectrophoresis. Their expression was differentially influenced by nutritional and genetic factors. Hydrogenase 2 content was enhanced after growth with either hydrogen and fumarate or glycerol and fumarate and correlated reasonably with cellular hydrogen uptake capacity. Hydrogenase 1 content was negligible under the above conditions but was enhanced by exogenous formate. Its expression was greatly reduced in a pfl mutant, which is unable to synthesise formate, but was restored to normal levels when the growth medium included formate. A mutation in the anaerobic regulatory gene, fnr, led to low overall hydrogenase activity and greatly reduced levels of both isoenzymes and abolished the formate enhancement of hydrogenase 1 content. Formate hydrogenlyase activity was similarly reduced in the fnr strain but, in contrast, was restored, as was overall hydrogenase activity, to normal levels by growth in the presence of formate. Low H2 uptake activity was found for the fnr strain under all growth conditions examined. Hydrogenase 1 content, therefore, does not correlate with formate hydrogenlyase activity and its role is unclear. A third hydrogenase isoenzyme, immunologically distinct from hydrogenases 1 and 2, whose expression is enhanced by formate, is present and forms part of the formate hydrogenlyase. We suggest that the effect of the fnr gene product on formate hydrogenlyase expression is mediated via internal formate. PMID- 3905770 TI - Excretion of unassembled hook-associated proteins by Salmonella typhimurium. AB - Hook-associated proteins (HAPs) were excreted into the culture medium of the Fla+ strain as well as into the growth medium of the filamentless mutants of Salmonella typhimurium. This indicates that the bacteria synthesize HAPs excessively, beyond the amount required for construction of flagella. The extra HAPs are shed into the culture medium after a definite amount of each HAP has been assembled into the flagellar structure. PMID- 3905771 TI - Phenotypic variations in strain AB1157 cultivars of Escherichia coli from different sources. AB - The purpose of this note is to alert users of Escherichia coli AB1157 and its derivatives to a potentially significant difference in cultivars from various sources. The difference we find is in the ability to host an infection by coliphage 186 after UV irradiation of the host cell. PMID- 3905772 TI - Treatment of depression in outpatients: a controlled comparison of the onset of action of amoxapine and maprotiline. AB - In a 4-week double-blind study, amoxapine and maprotiline were compared in the treatment of 76 outpatients with moderate to severe depressive illness. Mean maximum daily dosages were 230 mg for amoxapine and 165 mg for maprotiline. The data suggest that in these dosages amoxapine and maprotiline are equally effective overall. However, significant differences favored amoxapine at Days 4 and 7, in agreement with other studies showing early onset of therapeutic action of amoxapine. PMID- 3905774 TI - The North American study of plasmapheresis in the Guillain-Barre syndrome. The Guillain-Barre' Syndrome Study Group. PMID- 3905773 TI - Methylphenidate in mild depression: a double-blind controlled trial. AB - The literature on the use of stimulants in depression is reviewed, and a controlled study is described. Twenty mildly depressed outpatients with Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scores of 14-24 were entered into a double-blind crossover study with randomized order, comparing methylphenidate (up to 60 mg/day) and placebo. No antidepressant effect was found. A beneficial effect of stimulants in subgroups of depressed patients remains to be proven. PMID- 3905775 TI - Plasma exchange in acute Guillain-Barre' syndrome. PMID- 3905776 TI - Toronto General Hospital controlled trial data plasma exchange therapy in Guillain-Barre' syndrome. AB - The mechanism by which plasma exchange (PE) may benefit patients with acute Guillain-Barre' syndrome (AGBS) is unclear. It is possible, therefore, that the response of patients with AGBS is influenced by the choice of replacement solution (whole plasma vs. albumin or similar protein-containing solution). This report compares the outcome in 57 patients with AGBS treated at the Toronto General Hospital (TGH) using conventional therapy (27), PE with plasma replacement (15) and PE with albumin replacement (15). Fifteen patients (5 treated conventionally, 8 by PE with plasma replacement, 2 by PE with albumin replacement) were treated before the Baltimore coordinated multicenter trial. Forty-two patients (22 treated conventionally, 7 by PE with plasma replacement and 13 by PE with albumin replacement) were then entered at the TGH into the multicenter trial. The best outcome was observed in those patients (9) in whom PE was started within 14 days of the first neuropathic symptoms and plasma was used as replacement. The mean improvements in clinical grade in this subgroup of patients of 1.11 at four weeks after starting treatment and 1.71 at six weeks were significantly better than the corresponding improvements in the conventionally treated group of 0.35 (p less than 0.01) and 0.94 (p less than 0.05). The response of patients (9) exchanged within 14 days of onset, but replaced with albumin (grade change of 0.67 at four weeks and 0.86 at six weeks), was not significantly different from that of the conventionally treated patients. These data support the need for a randomized trial to compare PE using plasma replacement and PE using albumin replacement in patients with AGBS.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3905778 TI - Apheresis in the treatment of chronic relapsing polyneuropathy. AB - As a distinct inflammatory demyelinating disease, chronic relapsing polyneuropathy can be extremely debilitating and cause respiratory failure leading to death. The cause of the disorder is unknown, although evidence suggests that immune dysfunction plays some role in its pathogenesis. Conventional treatment using steroids and immunosuppressants has been reported both as effective and ineffective in controlling the course of the disease. The rationale for apheresis, as a nonspecific therapy, is related to the removal and/or dilution of circulating cytotoxic factors, and some patients have achieved dramatic and sometimes prolonged remissions from such treatments. Existing evidence from a large and growing number of case reports suggests that apheresis is a reasonable treatment for patients with severe or life-threatening symptoms which fail to respond to conventional therapy. However, convincing data of its efficacy is lacking and must await the results of appropriate randomized clinical trials. PMID- 3905777 TI - Plasma exchange and prednisone in acute inflammatory polyradiculoneuropathy: a controlled randomized trial. AB - A controlled-randomized trial of plasma exchange combined with prednisone was compared to supportive care alone in patients with acute inflammatory polyradiculoneuropathy (AIP). The design of this study differs from other reported trials of plasma exchange in AIP because prednisone was used in the treatment group to prevent the possibility of antibody rebound. Furthermore, in this study, detailed muscle strength testing formed the principal basis for assessment of therapeutic efficacy while in the British, North American, and French studies, a functional assessment scale was used. Analysis of our data revealed no significant improvement in the treated group over the controls. The sample size, albeit small (12 treated and 13 controls), had the power (95% chance) to detect a change of two British Medical Research Council grades of strength between the groups. The difference in our results versus others (North American and French studies) probably reflects the adverse effects of prednisone on recovery in AIP. An additional consideration is that plasma exchange may have an overall modest effect on the course of AIP, less appreciated when individual muscles are tested compared to assessment by large functional categories. PMID- 3905779 TI - Plasma exchange and renal transplantation. PMID- 3905780 TI - The complete amino acid sequence of coagulogen isolated from Southeast Asian horseshoe crab, Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda. AB - The complete amino acid sequence of coagulogen purified from the hemocytes of the horseshoe crab Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda was determined by characterization of the NH2-terminal sequence and the peptides generated after digestion of the protein with lysyl endopeptidase, Staphylococcal aureus protease V8 and trypsin. Upon sequencing the peptides by the automated Edman method, the following sequence was obtained: A D T N A P L C L C D E P G I L G R N Q L V T P E V K E K I E K A V E A V A E E S G V S G R G F S L F S H H P V F R E C G K Y E C R T V R P E H T R C Y N F P P F V H F T S E C P V S T R D C E P V F G Y T V A G E F R V I V Q A P R A G F R Q C V W Q H K C R Y G S N N C G F S G R C T Q Q R S V V R L V T Y N L E K D G F L C E S F R T C C G C P C R N Y Carcinoscorpius coagulogen consists of a single polypeptide chain with a total of 175 amino acid residues and a calculated molecular weight of 19,675. The secondary structure calculated by the method of Chou and Fasman reveals the presence of an alpha-helix region in the peptide C segment (residue Nos. 19 to 46), which is released during the proteolytic conversion of coagulogen to coagulin gel. The beta-sheet structure and the 16 half-cystines found in the molecule appear to yield a compact protein stable to acid and heat. The amino acid sequences of coagulogen of four species of limulus have been compared and the interspecies evolutionary differences are discussed. PMID- 3905781 TI - Structural characterization of high 800 nm-absorbing light-harvesting complexes from Rhodospirillales from their resonance Raman spectra. AB - Resonance Raman spectroscopy provided evidence that high 800 nm-absorbing antennae from Rhodopseudomonas (Rps.) acidophila and Rps. palustris have similar structures around their dweller bacteriochlorophylls. These host-site structures are different from those of B 850-800 complexes from Chromatiaceae, which also exhibit a high absorbance at 800 nm. As also shown by previous biochemical data, these complexes might be stoichiometrically different from other antenna complexes, having one more BChl per minimal size unit of protein. A new classification of B 850-800 complexes is proposed, on the basis of resonance Raman and biochemical data: this classification distinguishes a class of B 850 800 S (involving the B 850-800 complexes from sulfur purple bacteria), two classes of B 850-800 NS (involving the B 850-800 complexes from non sulfur purple bacteria) and a class of H 800 complexes (involving the B 850-800 complexes from non sulfur purple bacteria exhibiting a high absorbance at 800 nm). PMID- 3905782 TI - A more sensitive enzyme immunoassay of anti-insulin IgG in guinea pig serum with less non-specific binding of normal guinea pig IgG. AB - An enzyme immunoassay of anti-insulin IgG in guinea pig serum was improved in sensitivity by reducing the non-specific binding of normal guinea pig IgG and enhancing the specific binding of anti-insulin IgG. Silicone rubber pieces or polystyrene balls were coated with normal rabbit IgG, followed by coupling of insulin using glutaraldehyde. The insulin-normal rabbit IgG-coated silicone rubber pieces or polystyrene balls were incubated with normal rabbit IgG and then with diluted guinea pig anti-insulin serum in the presence of normal rabbit IgG at a lower temperature (20 degrees C). Finally, the solid phases were incubated with rabbit (anti-guinea pig IgG) Fab'-horseradish peroxidase conjugate to measure the amount of guinea pig IgG bound. The detection limit of anti-insulin IgG in guinea pig serum was improved 10 to 100-fold compared to that of enzyme immunoassay performed by incubating insulin-bovine serum albumin-coated solid phases with diluted guinea pig anti-insulin serum at 37 degrees C and then with rabbit (anti-guinea pig IgG) Fab' conjugated to beta-D-galactosidase from Escherichia coli, according to a previous report (Kato, K., et al. (1978) J. Biochem. 84, 93-102). PMID- 3905783 TI - Arabinosylnucleoside 5'-triphosphate inhibits DNA primase of calf thymus. AB - It has been shown that DNA primase activity is tightly associated with 10S DNA polymerase alpha from calf thymus and that the ribonucleotide-dependent DNA synthesis is more sensitive to araCTP than DNA-primed DNA synthesis (Yoshida, S., et al. (1983) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 741, 348-357). Here we measured DNA primase activity using poly(dT) template or M13 bacteriophage single-stranded DNA template and primer RNA synthesis was coupled to the reaction by Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I Klenow fragment. By this method, the primer RNA synthesis can be measured independently of the associating DNA polymerase alpha. Using poly(dT) template, it was found that arabinosyladenine 5'-triphosphate (araATP) strongly inhibited DNA primase in competition with rATP. The apparent Ki for araATP was 21 microM and the ratio of Ki/Km (for rATP) was as low as 0.015. With poly(dI, dT) or M13 DNA, it was shown that araCTP also inhibited DNA primase in the similar manner. Product analysis using [alpha-32P]rATP showed that araATP inhibited the elongation of primer RNA. However, it is not likely that arabinosylnucleotides act as chain-terminators, since incubation of primer RNA with araATP did not abolish its priming activity. From these results, it is suggested that arabinosylnucleotide inhibits the initiation as well as elongation of Okazaki fragments in mammalian cells. PMID- 3905784 TI - Comparative study on amino acid sequences of Kunitz-type soybean trypsin inhibitors, Tia, Tib, and Tic. AB - The amino acid sequences of three variants of the Kunitz-type trypsin inhibitors, Tia, Tib, and Tic, obtained from some cultivars of soybean were determined by conventional methods. All three inhibitors consisted of 181 amino acid residues. The differences in the amino acid sequences are as follows: Tia E12 G55 Y62 H71 S74 M114 L120 P137 L176; Tib S F N R V I T V; Tic E. The amino acid sequences of Pro(60)-Ser(61) and Asp(154)-Asp(155)-Gly(156)-His(157) of Tia reported previously (Koide & Ikenaka (1973) Eur. J. Biochem. 32, 417-431) were amended to Ser(60)-Pro(61) and His(154)-Asp-Asp-Gly(157), respectively. PMID- 3905785 TI - Light-harvesting pigment-protein complexes of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides forma sp. denitrificans. AB - The composition of the light-harvesting system of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides forma sp. denitrificans was investigated. When chromatophores were solubilized by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) at 0 degrees C and subjected to SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), at least two B800-B850 pigment-protein complexes, three B870 pigment-protein complexes, a reaction center (RC) complex and two pigmented bands which contained B800, B850, and B870 were resolved. In the re electrophoresis, the B870 pigment-protein complexes gave rise to a series of multiple pigmented bands. All of these multiple pigment-protein complexes showed almost the same polypeptide composition and absorption spectrum characteristic of the B870 complex. The apparent molecular weights of these B870 complexes showed a regular interval of about 7,000 indicating that these complexes were oligomers of a subunit. It was also found that a predominant B800-B850 pigment-protein complex could be degraded into a small complex via some intermediates. These results indicate that essentially two kinds of pigment-protein complexes construct the light-harvesting system of this bacteria and, upon treatment with SDS, these complexes are degraded into many classes of subunit aggregates showing a complicated profile of pigmented bands on the gel. Pigmented bands which contained both of B800-B850 and B870 complexes were considered to arise from occasional co-migration of distinct B800-B850 and B870 pigment-protein complexes. PMID- 3905786 TI - The ferredoxin-NADP+ oxidoreductase-binding protein is not the 17-kDa component of the cytochrome b/f complex. AB - The complex between ferredoxin-NADP+ oxidoreductase and its proposed membrane binding protein (Vallejos, R. H., Ceccarelli, E., and Chan, R. (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 8048-8051) was isolated from spinach thylakoids and compared with isolated cytochrome b/f complex containing associated ferredoxin NADP+ oxidoreductase (Clark, R. D., and Hind, G. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 10348 10354). There was no immunological cross-reactivity between the 17.5-kDa binding protein and an antiserum raised against the 17-kDa polypeptide of the cytochrome complex. Association of ferredoxin-NADP+ oxidoreductase with the binding protein or with the thylakoid membrane gave an allotopic shift in the pH profile of diaphorase activity, as compared to the free enzyme. This effect was not seen in enzyme associated with the cytochrome b/f complex. Identification of the 17.5-kDa binding protein as the 17-kDa component of the cytochrome b/f complex is ruled out by these results. PMID- 3905787 TI - Energy dependence of lipopolysaccharide translocation in Salmonella typhimurium. AB - Energy inhibitors block translocation of pulse-labeled core lipopolysaccharide to outer membrane under conditions which allow maintenance of constant specific radioactivity of intracellular precursor pools throughout the chase period. Under the conditions used, approximately 75% of the total cellular label was membrane bound at initiation of chase. Translocation of core lipopolysaccharide from inner to outer membrane showed apparent first order kinetics (t1/2 = 1.2 min, 32 degrees C). Translocation was blocked by arsenate (5-10 mM) under conditions where proton motive force was unchanged, while the uncouplers 2,4-dinitrophenol (0.1 mM to 0.8 mM) and carbonyl cyanide-m-chlorophenyl hydrazone (12-30 microM) inhibited translocation with no apparent effect on the ATP pool. Therefore, core lipopolysaccharide translocation appears to require maintenance of both proton motive force and high energy phosphate pools. Electron microscopic experiments show no gross disruption of zones of adhesion, the putative sites of lipopolysaccharide translocation, in the presence of arsenate or 2,4 dinitrophenol suggesting that energy is not required simply for maintenance of these structures. PMID- 3905788 TI - Differential expression of the three yeast glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase genes. AB - Utilizing yeast strains containing insertion mutations in each of the three glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase structural genes, the level of expression of each gene was determined in logarithmically growing cells. The contribution of the TDH1, TDH2, and TDH3 gene products to the total glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in wild type cells is 10-15, 25 30, and 50-60%, respectively. The relative proportions of expression of each gene is the same in cells grown in the presence of glucose or ethanol as carbon source although the total glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in cells grown in the presence of glucose is 2-fold higher than in cells grown on ethanol. The polypeptides encoded by each of the structural genes were identified by two dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The TDH3 structural gene encodes two resolvable forms of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase which differ by their net charge. The apparent specific activity of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase encoded by the TDH3 structural gene is severalfold lower than the enzymes encoded by TDH1 or TDH2. The polypeptides encoded by the TDH2 or TDH3 structural genes form catalytically active homotetramers. The apparent Vmax for the homotetramer encoded by TDH3 is 2-3-fold lower than the homotetramer encoded by TDH2. Evidence is presented that isozymes of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase exist in yeast cells, however, the number of different isozymes formed was not established. These data confirm that the three yeast glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase genes encode catalytically active enzyme and that the genes are expressed at different levels during logarithmic cell growth. PMID- 3905789 TI - Probing the renin active site by collisional quenching of endogenous fluorescence. AB - The structural and enzymatic aspects of renin are of great interest in hypertension research. In this paper, we examine the solution accessibility of the three tryptophan (Trp) residues of mouse submaxillary gland renin by solute collisional fluorescence quenching. Our studies indicate that there are two "classes" of Trp residues in renin: class I, a class of Trp residues which are at or near the surface of renin and fully accessible to the fluorescence quencher iodide; and class II, a class of Trp residues which are, for practical experimental conditions, totally inaccessible to the aqueous solution. The former class contains 2 Trp residues, while only a single Trp is identified in the latter class. The presence of a tetradecapeptide substrate or a nonhydrolyzable substrate analogue (peptide H-77) lowers the accessibility of iodide to the class I Trp residues. These data indicate that the class I Trp residues are at or near the peptide-binding site of renin. In addition, the finding that the class I Trp residues are quantitatively quenched more efficiently than the Trp model compound indole suggests that the environment of the class I tryptophans may be positively charged, and thus have a higher "local" concentration of iodide. These data, taken together with the available sequence and computer-generated three dimensional structure of renin, permit us to speculate that the class I Trp residues are Trp-39 and Trp-300. This solution study of renin structure is discussed in light of the known information about renin catalysis and physiology. PMID- 3905790 TI - Synthesis and biochemical characterization of a photoactivatable, iodinatable, cleavable bacterial lipopolysaccharide derivative. AB - A method for the synthesis of a photoactivatable, iodinatable, and thiol cleavable derivative of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is described using sulfosuccinimidyl 2-(p-azidosalicylamido)-1,3'-dithiopropionate. The method described is applicable to LPS from both smooth and rough bacteria. Evidence is presented that the coupling reaction occurs primarily to phosphoethanolamine residues localized to the inner core region of the LPS. Radioiodination of the derivatized LPS results in a product with a specific activity of 1.8-2.5 microCi/micrograms. Experiments comparing the activity of native and derivatized S-form LPS suggest that the synthesis has not introduced major alterations in the biological properties of the LPS. The feasibility of this derivatized LPS as a molecular probe to investigate LPS binding targets in biological systems is suggested by experiments showing ultraviolet light-dependent cross-linking, thiol dependent cleavage, and subsequent transfer of radioiodine to both monoclonal anti-LPS antibody and bovine serum albumin. The latter interaction has been demonstrated to be highly selective in protein mixtures containing serum albumin in solution with LPS. PMID- 3905791 TI - cAMP-dependent protein kinase and lipolysis in rat adipocytes. III. Multiple modes of insulin regulation of lipolysis and regulation of insulin responses by adenylate cyclase regulators. AB - The relationship between cAMP-dependent protein kinase (A-kinase) activity ratios and lipolysis in the presence of insulin was compared to the standard relationship between these two parameters established with a variety of adenylate cyclase modulators (Honnor, R. C., Dhillon, G., and Londos, C. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 15130-15138). Three phases of insulin action were observed. First, when tested in control cells exhibiting A-kinase activity ratios up to approximately 0.25, insulin inhibition of lipolysis could be accounted for by the decrease in A-kinase activity. Second, in cells exhibiting A-kinase activity ratios greater than 0.3, the decrease in kinase activity by insulin did not account for the decrease in lipolysis. Finally, as the A-kinase activity ratio approached 0.6 the insulin effect on lipolysis was lost. The data suggest that protein phosphatase activation accounts for the cAMP-independent insulin action. Moreover, the insulin effect not accounted for by a decrease in A-kinase activity appears to be elicited only upon elevation of A-kinase activity. The method by which cells were stimulated determined the IC50 for insulin inhibition of: 1) A kinase activity ratios, 2) lipolysis explained by the decrease in A-kinase activity ratios, and 3) lipolysis not explained by a decrease in A-kinase activity ratios. For all three parameters, cells stimulated by lipolytic hormones were approximately 5 times more sensitive to insulin than cells stimulated by incubation in a ligand-free environment achieved with adenosine deaminase; insulin IC50 values were approximately 120 and 600 pM, respectively. Such data establish a link between insulin actions in modifying cAMP concentrations and in modifying events apparently independent of changes in cAMP. It is proposed that the receptors and regulatory components associated with adipocyte adenylate cyclase are associated also with components of the insulin response system separate from cyclase. PMID- 3905792 TI - Fate of immunoprecipitable protein kinase C in GH3 cells treated with phorbol 12 myristate 13-acetate. AB - The effect of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) on protein kinase C was studied by metabolically labeling GH3 cells with [35S]methionine and using a polyclonal antibody raised against rat brain protein kinase C to immunoprecipitate the enzyme. PMA accelerates the loss of immunologically reactive protein kinase C from the cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The half-life of the enzyme in cells treated with 400 nM PMA was 2 h whereas in control cells 60-70% of the enzyme was still detectable after 24 h. The concentration of PMA required to reduce cellular protein kinase C 50% after 24 h was 130 nM. PMA also induced the translocation of [35S]Met-labeled protein kinase C from the cytosol to the membranes in a concentration-dependent manner. Less protein kinase C was translocated to membranes when cells were treated with 20 nM PMA than when they were exposed to 400 nM PMA. In the latter case, most of the labeled protein kinase C became membrane-associated. Maximal translocation was evident after 15 min of incubation with either concentration of PMA and was followed by degradation of the membrane-associated enzyme. The rate of degradation of membrane-associated protein kinase C was the same with both concentrations of PMA. In cells treated with 20 nM PMA, disappearance of [35S]Met labeled protein kinase C from the cytosolic fraction occurred in two phases, a rapid decrease characteristic of the membrane-associated enzyme, followed by a slower loss similar to that seen in control cells. The results indicate that turnover of protein kinase C is enhanced by membrane association. PMID- 3905793 TI - Yeast RNA polymerase C and its subunits. Specific antibodies as structural and functional probes. AB - Yeast RNA polymerase C purified by a simple large scale method was resolved into multiple components by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Specific antibodies directed against each polypeptide chain were prepared in rabbits and used as structural and functional probes. With minor exceptions, each antibody recognized specifically the corresponding polypeptide by blot immunodetection. Cross-reactions with purified RNA polymerases A and B confirmed our previous description of the subunits shared by the three nuclear RNA polymerases. Immunoadsorption of RNA polymerase C at different stages of purification using antibodies to subunits C160 and C128 yielded the same collection of polypeptides as found in the purified enzyme: C160, C128, C82, C53, C40, C37, C34, C31, C27, C25, C23, C19, C14.5, C12.5, and C10. Subunit-specific antibodies were used to probe the activity of RNA polymerase C in a specific, reconstituted transcription system as well as on a nonspecific template. Transcription of the tRNAGlu3 gene in vitro was inhibited when RNA polymerase C was preincubated with antibodies directed to C128, C82, C53, C34, C23, or C19. Antibodies to C82, C53, and C34 were much less inhibitory in the nonspecific assay. Inhibition by anti-C128 or anti-C23 was relieved by preincubation of enzyme C with plasmid DNA prior to antibody addition. These results are discussed in terms of the participation of these polypeptides to the active enzyme molecule, and of their possible role in DNA binding or transcription factor recognition. PMID- 3905794 TI - Macrophage endosomes contain proteases which degrade endocytosed protein ligands. AB - Rabbit alveolar macrophages rapidly internalize and degrade mannosylated bovine serum albumin (125I-mannose-BSA). Trichloroacetic acid-soluble degradation products appear in the cells as early as 6 min after uptake at 37 degrees C, and in the extracellular medium after 10 min. Incubation of endocytic vesicles containing this ligand in isotonic buffers at pH 7.4 + ATP resulted in intravesicular proteolysis, which was inhibited by monensin, nigericin, or ammonium chloride. At pH 5.0, degradation proceeded rapidly and was abolished by lysis of the vesicles with 0.1% Triton X-100. Readdition of lysosomes to the incubation mixture did not increase the rate of prelysosomal degradation. Proteolysis of 125I-mannose-BSA was optimal at pH 4.5, and inhibited by low concentrations of the cathepsin D inhibitor pepstatin A. After subcellular fractionation of the macrophages on Percoll gradients, 125I-mannose-BSA sedimented with prelysosomal vesicles and was not transported to secondary lysosomes. Addition of pepstatin A to extracellular medium during internalization of prebound 125I-mannose-BSA partially inhibited degradation of ligand, and resulted in transfer of undegraded 125I-mannose-BSA to lysosomes after 20 min. Using 125I-bovine serum albumin as a substrate for the protease in the presence of 0.1% Triton X-100, we have shown that as much as 36% of the total pepstatin A sensitive activity sediments with nonlysosomal membranes. After intraendosomal iodination using lactoperoxidase, a labeled protease was isolated by affinity chromatography on pepstatin-agarose. The labeled protease, which had a subunit size of 46 kDa, was detected in endocytic vesicles after 5 min of internalization. These results suggest that a cathepsin D-like protease is responsible for the degradation of 125I-mannose-BSA in macrophages, and that this ligand is degraded in a prelysosomal vesicle. PMID- 3905795 TI - The biosynthesis of gram-negative endotoxin. Formation of lipid A precursors from UDP-GlcNAc in extracts of Escherichia coli. AB - The Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli has previously been shown to utilize two unique glucosamine (GlcN)-derived phospholipids in the biosynthesis of lipid A disaccharides (Bulawa, C.E., and Raetz, C. R.H. (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 4846 4851; Ray, B. L., Painter, G.L., and Raetz, C.R.H. (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 4852-4859. We now present evidence that these compounds, UDP-2,3-diacyl-GlcN and 2,3-diacyl-GlcN-1-phosphate (2,3-diacyl-GlcN-1-P), are generated in extracts of E. coli by fatty acylation of UDP-GlcNAc. The initial reaction is an O-acylation of the glucosamine ring, presumably of the 3-OH group, with (R)-beta hydroxymyristate, followed by removal of the acetyl moiety, and further fatty acylation of the N atom with (R)-beta-hydroxymyristate to yield UDP-2,3-diacyl GlcN. Hydrolysis of the pyrophosphate bridge in this molecule gives 2,3-diacyl GlcN-1-P + UMP. In vivo pulse labeling with 32Pi supports this postulated pathway, since UDP-2,3-diacyl-GlcN is labeled prior to 2,3-diacyl-GlcN-1-P. UDP glucosamine is inactive as a substrate in the initial acylation reaction. These acylations show an absolute specificity for fatty acyl moieties activated with acyl carrier protein. No reaction is detected with fatty acyl-CoA or free fatty acid. The fatty acylation of sugar nucleotides has not been reported previously in E. coli or any other organism. PMID- 3905796 TI - Cytoplasmic methionyl-tRNA synthetase from Bakers' yeast. A monomer with a post translationally modified N terminus. AB - Methionyl-tRNA synthetase has been purified from a yeast strain carrying the MES1 structural gene on a high copy number plasmid (pFL1). The purified enzyme is a monomer of Mr = 85,000 in contrast to its counterpart from Escherichia coli which is a dimer made up of identical subunits (Mr = 76,000; Dardel, F., Fayat, G., and Blanquet, S. (1984) J. Bacteriol. 160, 1115-1122). The yeast enzyme was not amenable to Edman's degradation indicating a blocked NH2 terminus. Its primary structure as derived from the DNA sequence (Walter, P., Gangloff, J., Bonnet, J., Boulanger, Y., Ebel, J.P., and Fasiolo, F. (1983) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 80, 2437-2441) has been confirmed using the fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometric method. This method was applied to tryptic digests of the carboxymethylated enzyme and the corresponding data provided extensive coverage of the translated DNA sequence, thus confirming its correctness. The ambiguity concerning which of the three NH2-terminally located methionine codons is the initiation codon was easily resolved from peptides identified in this region. It was possible to show that the first methionine had been removed and that the new NH2 terminus, serine, had been acetylated. A comparison between the yeast and E. coli sequences shows that the former has an N-terminal extension of about 200 residues as compared to the latter. It also lacks the C-terminal domain which is responsible for the dimerization of the E. coli methionyl-tRNA synthetase. PMID- 3905797 TI - Insulin receptors and insulin modulation of norepinephrine uptake in neuronal cultures from rat brain. AB - Neuronal cells from 1-day-old rat brain in primary culture have been utilized in the present study to characterize insulin-binding sites and a possible action of insulin on these cells. Binding of 125I-insulin to neuronal cultures was 90% specific and time-dependent and reached equilibrium in 120 min. Specific binding was reversible with greater than 90% of binding dissociable within 120 min with a t1/2 of dissociation of 15 min. Various insulin analogues competed for 125I insulin binding to neuronal cultures according to their known biological potencies. Scatchard analysis of competition data yielded a typical curvilinear plot providing a class of high affinity (Kd = 11 nM) and low affinity (Kd = 65 nM) binding sites. Light microscopic autoradiographic analysis of 125I-insulin bound to neuronal cultures revealed the presence of silver grains predominantly on the neurites with occasional occurrence on the cell soma. Insulin had no effect on neuronal 2-deoxyglucose uptake in contrast with our previous findings demonstrating a 2-fold stimulation of 2-dGlc uptake into astrocyte glial cells from rat brain (Clarke, D.W., Boyd, F.T., Jr., Kappy, M.S., and Raizada, M. K. (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 11672-11675). Incubation of neuronal cultures with insulin caused a dose-dependent inhibition of [3H]norepinephrine uptake with significant inhibition occurring at 1.67 X 10(-11) M. These findings demonstrate that: 1) neuronal cells in primary culture possess specific insulin receptors which are predominantly located on neurites and 2) insulin modulates monoamine uptake in these cultures which suggests that insulin may modulate neural signaling via specific neuronal insulin receptors. PMID- 3905798 TI - Conserved residues of the leader peptide are essential for cleavage by leader peptidase. AB - Gene 8 of bacteriophage M13 codes for procoat, the precursor of its major coat protein. Gene 8 has been cloned into a plasmid and mutagenized. We have isolated mutants of this gene in which procoat is synthesized but is not processed to coat protein. We now describe mutants in the leader region of procoat, at positions 6, -3, and -1 with respect to the leader peptidase cleavage site. These positions are quite conserved among the leader peptides of various pre-proteins. Each of these mutant procoats is synthesized at a normal rate and inserts correctly into the plasma membrane, as judged by its accessibility to protease in intact spheroplasts. Procoat accumulates, largely in its transmembrane form, and is not cleaved to coat. In detergent extracts, the mutant procoats are very poor substrates for added leader peptidase. We conclude that these 3 residues are not conserved for insertion across the membrane but are part of an essential recognition site for the leader peptidase. PMID- 3905799 TI - The leader region of pre-maltose binding protein binds amphiphiles. A model for self-assembly in protein export. AB - Maltose binding protein, like most periplasmic proteins, is resistant to a variety of proteinases. Treatment of pre-maltose binding protein with trypsin, chymotrypsin, or proteinase K removes an amino-terminal domain of the same approximate size as the leader sequence without degrading the mature portion of the protein. In addition, pre-maltose binding protein is as active as mature in binding maltose (Ferenci, T., and Randall, L.L. (1979) J. Biol. Chem. 254, 9979 9981). By these criteria, the precursor and mature proteins are in the same conformation except for the exposed leader sequence on the precursor. We have compared the ability of these proteins to interact with amphipaths, such as detergents. The precursor protein binds to Triton X-100, while the mature protein does not. We propose that the leader domain is responsible for detergent binding. Mutations in the leader region of the precursor which block export in vivo prevent detergent binding in vitro. A mutant with a mild export defect can still bind detergent. This correlation between detergent binding by precursors with related leaders and export efficiency of each precursor suggests that hydrophobic partition of the leader may initiate pre-protein transfer across the membrane. PMID- 3905800 TI - Isolation and characterization of calcium-accumulating matrix vesicles from chondrocytes of chicken epiphyseal growth plate cartilage in primary culture. AB - Matrix vesicles (MV) can be readily isolated from culture media of chicken growth plate hypertrophic chondrocytes grown in primary culture. The chondrocytes maintain normal morphology and synthesize type II collagen throughout the culture period. The culture-derived MV are morphologically indistinguishable from MV seen in situ and are rich in alkaline phosphatase. Formation of alkaline phosphatase rich MV is strongly influenced by the stage of culture: large numbers are released shortly after cell seeding; marked decline is seen during cell spreading and rapid cell division; notable resurgence in alkaline phosphatase-rich MV production occurs as the cells attain confluency. Increasing the initial chondrocyte seeding density proportionately increases MV production. Cells derived from the hypertrophic region are much more capable of forming alkaline phosphatase-rich MV than those from the proliferating zone, indicating that MV formation is dependent on cellular differentiation. MV released by the cultured chondrocytes were compared in protein and phospholipid composition and in their ability to accumulate mineral ions, with plasma membrane fractions and collagenase-released MV obtained from the same tissue. Electrophoretic patterns of proteins, and the phospholipid profiles, suggest that significant modification of the plasma membrane occurs during MV formation. The vesicles are capable of accumulating large amounts of mineral ions from a metastable synthetic cartilage lymph when supplied with alkaline phosphatase substrates. This culture system thus appears to be a useful model for isolating native MV and characterizing factors required for vesicle formation and mineralization. PMID- 3905801 TI - Type I procollagen carboxyl-terminal proteinase from chick embryo tendons. Purification and characterization. AB - Procollagen carboxyl-terminal proteinase, the enzyme which cleaves the carboxyl terminal propeptides from type I procollagen, was extensively purified in a yield of 25% from pooled culture media of 17-day-old chick embryo tendons using a procedure which involved chromatography on Green A Dye matrix gel, concanavalin A Sepharose and heparin-Sepharose, and filtration gels of Sephacryl S-300 and S 200. The purified enzyme is a neutral, Ca2+-dependent proteinase which is inhibited by metal chelators, but not by inhibitors for serine and cysteine proteinases. Calcium in a concentration of 5-10 mM is required for optimal activity. The molecular weight of the enzyme was determined to be 97,000-110,000 by gel filtration and by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate. Other properties of the carboxyl-terminal proteinase are: 1) the Km for the type I procollagen is 96 nM at pH 7.5 and 35 degrees C; 2) the activation energy for the reaction with type I procollagen is 21,000 cal mol-1; 3) amino acid sequencing of the released carboxyl-terminal propeptide indicated the enzyme specifically cleaves an -Ala-Asp- bond in both the pro-alpha 1(I) and pro-alpha 2(I) chains; 4) the enzyme specifically cleaves the carboxyl-terminal propeptides of a homotrimer of pro-alpha 1(I) chains and type II and III procollagens, but it does not cleave type IV procollagen. The results suggest that the enzyme is involved in the processing of type I procollagen in vivo. PMID- 3905802 TI - Heat-labile enterotoxin in Escherichia coli. Kinetics of association of subunits into periplasmic holotoxin. AB - We have investigated the assembly of the heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) subunits after their processing and segregation into the periplasmic space as mature LT A and LT B polypeptides. LT B starts associating into oligomers during or immediately after translocation through the cytoplasmic membrane. Binding to LT A occurs immediately after oligomerization. Over 80% of the LT B subunits have oligomerized, and over 50% have associated with LT A into holotoxin within 1 min after synthesis. The fate of newly synthesized LT A is totally different. There is an extensive overproduction of LT A relative to LT B and after membrane translocation it becomes part of a periplasmic pool of free LT A. It is then bound by LT B oligomers or degraded at such a rate that the free periplasmic LT A disappears from the pool with a half-time of 20-25 min. About half of the LT A is incorporated into holotoxin, while the other half is degraded. We conclude that LT subunits are translocated and processed in a ratio of about 2 A to 5 B. Since free LT A is either degraded slowly or bound to newly synthesized LT B oligomers, the net result is a steady state of 1.4 to 1.7 A subunits to 5 B subunits in the periplasm. About 60% of this LT A is bound by LT B to form periplasmic holotoxin with a subunit ratio of about 1 A to 5 B. The remaining 40% of periplasmic LT A occurs free. PMID- 3905803 TI - Quaternary structure of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex from Escherichia coli. AB - The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex of Escherichia coli and subcomplexes derived from it by selective removal of component enzymes have been subjected to quaternary structural analysis by scanning transmission electron microscopy. Scanning transmission electron microscopic images of the intact complex (E1E2E3), the dihydrolipoyl transacetylase-dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase (E2E3) subcomplex, and the E2 core enzyme appear as cubic particles in various orientations. Mass distributions within this complex and its subcomplexes have been determined by radial mass analysis of similarly oriented scanning transmission electron microscopic images of each type. The data show that mass attributable to dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase (E3) is well integrated into the structural framework of the E2 core, dihydrolipoyl transacetylase, whereas mass attributable to pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1) is located about the periphery of the core enzyme. The mass distributions are fully consistent with a structural model in which 6 E3 dimers are integrated into the six faces of the cubic E2 core, and 12 E1 dimers are associated along the 12 edges of the core enzyme. PMID- 3905804 TI - Isolation and characterization of eight lipid A precursors from a 3-deoxy-D-manno octylosonic acid-deficient mutant of Salmonella typhimurium. AB - Temperature-sensitive mutants of Salmonella typhimurium that are defective in the biosynthesis of 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate are known to accumulate disaccharide precursor(s) of lipid A at 42 degrees C (Rick, P. D., Fung, L. W.-M., Ho, C., and Osborn, M. J. (1977) J. Biol. Chem. 252, 4904-4912). We have devised new methods for purifying this material by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and silicic acid columns and have fractionated it into eight related anionic components that fall into four sets, as judged by their charge. Substances IA and IB have an apparent net charge of -1, IIA and IIB of -2, IIIA and IIIB of -3, and IVA and IVB of -4. Negative ion fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry reveals that the simplest component is IVA [( M - H]- at m/z 1404). Compound IVA is also the most abundant, representing 30-50% of the accumulated lipids after 3 h at 42 degrees C. Structural studies of IVA, including NMR spectroscopy described in the accompanying paper, reveal that it consists of O-(2-amino-2-deoxy-beta-D glucopyranosyl)-(1----6)-2-amino-2-deoxy-alpha - D-glucose, acylated at positions 2, 3, 2', and 3' with beta-hydroxymyristoyl moieties and bearing phosphate groups at positions 1 and 4'. Compound IIIA ([M - H]- at m/z 1527) contains an additional phosphoethanolamine residue, while IIA ([M - H]- m/z 1535) bears an aminodeoxypentose substituent, presumably 4-amino-4-deoxy-L-arabinose. Compound IA ([M - H]- at m/z 1658) bears both a phosphoethanolamine and an aminodeoxypentose. The compounds of the less abundant B series are further derivatized with an ester-linked palmitoyl moiety. Our results demonstrate that these precursors are far more heterogeneous than previously suspected. PMID- 3905805 TI - Location of polar substituents and fatty acyl chains on lipid A precursors from a 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid-deficient mutant of Salmonella typhimurium. Studies by 1H, 13C, and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance. AB - Eight anionic disaccharide precursors of lipid A accumulate at 42 degrees C in 3 deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid-deficient temperature-sensitive mutants of Salmonella typhimurium. These compounds comprise a series of lipids based on the minimal structure, O-[2-amino-2-deoxy-N2,O3-bis(3-hydroxytetradecanoyl)-beta-D glucopyranos yl] -(1----6)-2-amino-2-deoxy-N2, O3-bis(3-hydroxytetradecanoyl) alpha-D-glucopyranose 1,4'- bisphosphate (designated lipid IVA) that differ from each other by the presence of an additional phosphoethanolamine moiety (IIIA), or an aminodeoxypentose moiety (IIA), or both (IA). A homologous set of metabolites is further derivatized with a palmitoyl function; these are designated IVB, IIIB, IIB, and IB (Raetz, C. R. H., Purcell, S., Meyer, M. V., Qureshi, N., and Takayama, K. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 16080-16088). The attachment of the palmitoyl moiety, known to be on the reducing terminal GlcN residue by mass spectrometry, was determined to be O-beta of the N2-linked beta-hydroxymyristoyl group of that residue of IVB by 13C NMR and two-dimensional 1H chemical shift correlation spectroscopy experiments. 31P NMR indicated the presence of diphosphodiester moieties in IIIA, IIIB, and IA and monophosphodiester moieties in IIA and IA. Selective 1H decoupling of the 31P spectrum of IIIA demonstrated that the O-diphosphoethanolamine moiety is attached to the O4' position in IIIA. On the basis of the observed 31P chemical shifts it was concluded that the aminodeoxypentose is located at position 1 in IIA and IA, while diphosphoethanolamine is most likely located at O-4' in IA and IIIB, as in IIIA. PMID- 3905806 TI - The mechanism of action of ethanolamine ammonia-lyase, an adenosylcobalamin dependent enzyme. Evidence that the hydrogen transfer mechanism involves a second intermediate hydrogen carrier in addition to the cofactor. AB - Ethanolamine ammonia-lyase catalyzes the adenosylcobalamin (AdoCbl)-dependent conversion of ethanolamine to acetaldehyde and ammonia. During this reaction, a hydrogen atom migrates from the carbinol carbon of ethanolamine to the methyl carbon of acetaldehyde. Previous studies have shown that this migrating hydrogen equilibrates with the hydrogens on the 5'-(cobalt-linked) carbon of the cofactor. On the basis of those studies, a two-step mechanism for hydrogen transfer has been postulated in which the migrating hydrogen is first transferred from the substrate to the cofactor, then in a subsequent step is returned from the cofactor to the product. We now show that this migrating hydrogen is transferred not only to the cofactor, but also to a second acceptor at the active site. Hydrogens on this acceptor do not exchange with water during the course of the reaction, but are released to water when the enzyme is denatured. The catalytic significance of this second hydrogen acceptor was demonstrated by the findings that the transfer of hydrogen to this acceptor required both AdoCbl and active enzyme and that hydrogen at the second acceptor site could be washed out by unlabeled ethanolamine. On the basis of these results, we propose an expanded hydrogen transfer mechanism in which AdoCbl and the second acceptor site serve as alternative intermediate hydrogen carriers during the course of ethanolamine deamination. PMID- 3905807 TI - Effects of hormone and glucose administration on hepatic glucose and glycogen metabolism in vivo. A 13C NMR study. AB - Effects of peripheral venous injection of glucagon and insulin on [1-13C]glucose incorporation into hepatic glycogen of rats were studied by 13C NMR in vivo. Each animal was given a continuous somatostatin infusion and a 100-mg intravenous injection of [1-13C] glucose in NMR experiments or unlabeled glucose in parallel experiments for determination of serum glucose. Insulin administration caused serum glucose to fall below basal levels and accelerated the loss of hepatic [1 13C]glucose; these effects were counteracted by the addition of glucagon. Glucagon administration alone did not affect serum glucose or hepatic [1-13C] glucose but caused the loss of [1-13C]glucose from glycogen and inhibited [1 13C]glucose incorporation into glycogen. Insulin did not alter [1-13C]glucose incorporation into glycogen when given alone or in combination with glucagon. The data are consistent with a model in which liver glycogen synthesis increases linearly with hepatic glucose concentration above a threshold glucose concentration. Insulin did not alter the rate constant or the threshold for synthesis. PMID- 3905808 TI - Kinetic studies of the lipid-activated pyruvate oxidase flavoprotein of Escherichia coli. AB - Pyruvate oxidase is a flavoprotein dehydrogenase isolated from Escherichia coli which catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to acetate and CO2. In vivo, the enzyme can bind to the bacterial membrane and reduce ubiquinone-8, feeding electrons into the respiratory chain. The purified enzyme has been shown previously to bind to phospholipids and detergents and, upon doing so, is activated. The turnover with ferricyanide as an electron acceptor increases 20- to 30-fold upon lipid binding. In this work, initial velocity and stop-flow kinetics are used to investigate the activation of this enzyme. It is shown that the unactivated form of the enzyme is markedly hysteretic. Progress curves at low substrate concentrations show an initial acceleration in enzyme turnover. This is consistent with the results of stop-flow experiments. Rates obtained for either the reduction of the unactivated flavoprotein by pyruvate or its reoxidation by ferricyanide in single turnover experiments are much slower than the rates predicted by observed turnover in initial velocity studies, in some cases by more than 2 orders of magnitude. The data are best explained by the slow interconversion between two forms of the enzyme, one with low turnover and one which rapidly turns over. As isolated, the enzyme is highly unreactive, as revealed by the stop-flow experiments. During turnover, even in the absence of lipid activators, some of the enzyme converts to the rapid-turnover form. This slow interconversion is shown by kinetic simulation to preclude a steady state from being established. Lipid activators appear to shift the equilibrium to favor the rapid-turnover form of the enzyme. Once the enzyme is "locked" into an activated conformation, the hysteresis is no longer observed, and the stop-flow results are in agreement with data obtained from initial velocity experiments. Activation appears to result in both increased rates of electron transfer into and out of the flavin. PMID- 3905809 TI - Characterization of lactose carrier mutants which transport maltose. AB - Brooker and Wilson (Brooker, R. J., and Wilson, T. H. (1985) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 82, 3959-3963) previously isolated lactose carrier mutants which were able to transport maltose. All of the mutants were found to be single amino acid substitutions for alanine 177 or for tyrosine 236. In the present study, we have examined the ability of these mutants to transport maltose, lactose, o nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside, methyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside, and H+. Both the position 177 and 236 mutants have enhanced rates of maltose transport and exhibit apparent Km values for maltose which are substantially less than that of the wild-type strain. The position 177 mutants transport lactose and other galactosides at a normal rate and with normal affinity during downhill transport and show counterflow transport rates which are faster than the wild type strain. Interestingly, these mutants are markedly defective in accumulating substrates against a concentration gradient, yet retain a normal H+:galactoside stoichiometry. The position 236 mutants appear to be defective in the downhill, uphill, and counterflow transport of galactosides but exhibit a normal H+:galactoside stoichiometry. PMID- 3905810 TI - Signal sequence mutants of beta-lactamase. AB - The function of the NH2-terminal signal peptide in the translocation of beta lactamase across the inner membrane of Escherichia coli has been studied by characterization of 15 signal sequence mutants. Three amino acid substitutions (Pro 20 to Ser, Pro 20 to Phe, and Cys 18 to Tyr) in the 23-amino acid signal sequence each cause, to varying degrees, a defect in the proteolytic processing of pre-beta-lactamase, abnormal growth of the host strain, and a severe reduction in the expression of beta-lactamase in vivo but not in vitro. The results are consistent with a model for protein secretion in E. coli that parallels the pathway proposed for translocation across the endoplasmic reticulum in eucaryotic cells. PMID- 3905811 TI - The mechanisms of up-regulation of the hepatic insulin receptor in hypoinsulinemic diabetes mellitus. AB - The mechanism underlying the increased insulin binding found in hepatic plasma membranes from streptozotocin-diabetic rats was evaluated by measuring insulin binding to intact and Triton X-100-soluble extracts of plasma membranes prepared from the livers of control rats and rats administered streptozotocin (85 mg/kg). In addition, to assess whether the cellular content of hepatic insulin receptors is also increased in diabetic animals, we measured insulin-binding activity in intact and soluble extracts of total hepatic cellular membrane preparations (100,000 X g cellular pellets). The data indicate that while insulin binding is increased (52 +/- 3%) in intact hepatic plasma membranes from diabetic rats compared to control rats, there is no comparable increase in insulin binding in intact total cellular membranes or in Triton X-100-soluble extracts of plasma membranes or total cellular membranes. We therefore conclude that the enhanced insulin binding found in the livers of diabetic rats is the result of a local redistribution of plasma membrane insulin receptors from cryptic to exposed sites. Finally, the data suggest the presence of a negative modulator of insulin binding affinity in intact plasma and total cellular membranes. PMID- 3905812 TI - The rate of cleavage of GTP on the binding of Phe-tRNA.elongation factor Tu.GTP to poly(U)-programmed ribosomes of Escherichia coli. AB - Interaction of Phe-tRNA.elongation factor Tu.GTP with poly(U)-programmed ribosomes containing an occupied P site can be described by a three-step kinetic mechanism. Initial binding is followed by the cleavage of GTP, and then a new peptide bond is formed. Rate constants controlling the first and third of these reactions are known, but only a lower limit for the rate constant of the cleavage step has been reported. We have determined this rate constant to be 20 s-1 at 5 degrees C, 30 s-1 at 15 degrees C, and 50 s-1 at 25 degrees C. This is much faster than the reverse step of the initial binding process and implies that the intrinsic accuracy of the ribosome in the initial selection step is sacrificed in favor of speed. The similarity of the kinetic and chemical mechanism of this GTP cleavage step with other nucleoside 5'-triphosphatases is discussed. PMID- 3905813 TI - RNA polymerase. Direct evidence for a unique topographical site for initiation. AB - The compound 9-(3'-azido-3'-deoxy-beta-D-xylofuranosyl)adenine 5'-monophosphate is an inhibitor (Ki = 330 microM) of the initiation binding site of the DNA dependent RNA polymerase derived from Escherichia coli. The alpha-32P derivative of this photo-labile compound is used to derivatize a site on the sigma subunit of the holoenzyme (E sigma) using either T7 delta D111 or poly[d(A-T)] as a DNA template. The incorporation of the 32P label into the sigma subunit could be prevented by the addition of either 5'-AMP or 5'-ATP. The results are suggested to support the existence of a unique initiation binding site, topographically distinct from the sites employed during the elongation phase. PMID- 3905814 TI - Multiple species of single-stranded nucleic acid-binding proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - DNA affinity chromatography has been used to identify the major single-stranded nucleic acid binding proteins (SSBs) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. There are five abundant species having molecular masses of 50, 45, 31, 23, and 20 kDa. Four of these proteins are cytoplasmic and one is mitochondrial. To date, three of the proteins have been purified to homogeneity. The purified proteins are designated SSB-m, SSB-1, and SSB-2, with molecular masses of 20, 45, and 50 kDa, respectively. SSB-m is found only in mitochondrial subcellular fractions. SSB-1 stimulates purified yeast DNA polymerase I, while SSB-2 inhibits DNA polymerase I. An antibody against SSB-1 has been prepared in rabbits and purified by SSB-1 Sepharose affinity chromatography. The purified antibody specifically inhibits DNA synthesis in an in vitro replication system, suggesting that SSB-1 may be involved in DNA replication in vivo. SSB-2 has the highest affinity for single stranded DNA of all three proteins. It may represent a new class of eukaryotic SSB, on the basis of molecular weight, inhibition of DNA polymerase and antigenicity. Antibodies have also been prepared against SSB-2. The immunological reagents have been used to show that SSB-1, SSB-2, and SSB-m are antigenically distinct, as well as to study the relationship of these three SSBs to other proteins in yeast. PMID- 3905815 TI - In vitro biosynthesis of human renin and identification of plasma inactive renin as an activation intermediate. AB - The biosynthesis and post-translational modifications, including proteolytic processing and core glycosylation, of the human renin precursor have been studied in vitro in a cell-free system. For this purpose, highly enriched renin mRNA was isolated from a renin-producing juxtaglomerular cell tumor and translated in rabbit reticulocyte lysate containing [35S]methionine in the presence or absence of dog pancreas microsomal membranes. Fluorographic analysis of the radioactive translation products, immunoprecipitated and then resolved on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, revealed that the primary translation product, preprorenin (Mr = 45,000), is initially processed to glycosylated prorenin (Mr = 47,000) during or shortly after its sequestration into the lumen of the microsomal membranes. The vectorial translocation across the membrane was confirmed by the observation that the proform was resistant to digestion with trypsin while preprorenin was sensitive. Radiosequencing and the use of prorenin specific antibodies established the cleavage points of the pre- and profragment and showed that the in vitro precursor of human renin contains a 23-residue signal peptide and a 43-residue prosegment. The post-translational modification which, despite the removal of signal peptide, resulted in an increase in apparent Mr, reflects the glycosylation as examined using Xenopus oocytes microinjected with renin mRNA in the presence of tunicamycin, an inhibitor of protein glycosylation. Four anti-peptide antibodies which specifically recognize the NH2 terminus (Pro 1), two middle parts (Pro 2A and Pro 2B), and COOH terminus (Pro 3) of the prosegment, respectively, have been raised and used to characterize plasma prorenin. Renin precursors (pre- and prorenin) synthesized in vitro or in the kidney reacted with these antibodies (anti-Pro 1, anti-Pro 2A, anti-Pro 2B, and anti-Pro 3). However, quite unexpectedly, human plasma prorenin was recognized only by anti-Pro 3, indicating that plasma prorenin is a truncated version of intact prorenin, which lacks a large portion of the NH2 terminus of the prosegment and may represent an activation intermediate. This somewhat surprising result may lead to a better understanding of the exact roles and activation mechanisms of plasma prorenin existing in a relatively large amount. PMID- 3905816 TI - Cleavage of bovine skin type III collagen by proteolytic enzymes. Relative resistance of the fibrillar form. AB - We have studied the susceptibility of fibrils formed from fetal bovine skin type III collagen to proteolytic enzymes known to cleave within the helical portion of the molecule (vertebrate and microbial collagenase, polymorphonuclear elastase, trypsin, thermolysin) and to two general proteases of broad specificity (plasmin, Pronase). Fibrils reconstituted from neutral salt solutions, at 35 degrees C, were highly resistant to nonspecific proteolysis by general proteases such as polymorphonuclear elastase, trypsin, and thermolysin but were rapidly dissolved by bacterial and vertebrate collagenases at rates of 12-45 mol X mol-1 X h-1. In solution, type III collagen was readily cleaved by each of the proteases (with the exception of plasmin), as well as by the true collagenases, although at different rates. Turnover numbers determined by viscometry at 35 degrees C were: human collagenase, approximately equal to 1500 h-1; microbial (clostridial) collagenase, approximately equal to 100 h-1; and general proteases, 23-52 h-1. In addition it was shown that pronase cleaves type III collagen in solution at 22 degrees C by attacking the same Arg-Gly bond in the alpha 1(III) chain as trypsin. However, like other proteases, Pronase was rather ineffective against fibrillar forms of type III collagen. It was also shown that transition of type III collagen as well as type I collagen to the fibrillar form resulted in a significant gain of triple helical thermostability as evidenced by a 6.8 degrees C increase in denaturation temperature (Tm = 40.2 degrees C in solution; Tm = 47.0 degrees C in fibrils). PMID- 3905817 TI - Effects of insulin alone on the accumulation of a specific mRNA in rat hepatoma cells. AB - Experiments were conducted to investigate the action of insulin alone on the induction of a specific mRNA referred to as p33. In 24-h serum-deprived rat liver hepatoma cells (H4) grown in monolayer cultures, insulin induced a 3-fold increase in the levels of p33 mRNA within 30 min, and a maximum 10-fold increase was observed by 1 h. The effects of insulin were evident at concentrations as low as 10(-12) M and were maximal at 0.5-1 X 10(-8) M. The effect of insulin was specific, since the level of mRNA for the histocompatibility complex, H2d, was unaffected by insulin. The increase in p33 mRNA was not due to an effect of insulin on the stabilization of mRNA, since insulin did not alter the half-life of this message. In addition, two different RNA synthesis inhibitors blocked the stimulation of p33 mRNA production by insulin. These data suggest that insulin may specifically stimulate the synthesis of p33 mRNA which results in an increased accumulation of total cellular p33 mRNA. PMID- 3905818 TI - Complete replacement of the ascending aorta with reimplantation of the coronary arteries in patients with full Marfan syndrome. AB - Four patients with Marfan syndrome developed severe aortic insufficiency requiring complete replacement of the ascending aorta with reimplantation of the coronary arteries by the technique of Cabrol. All patients have remained asymptomatic in NYHA class I. PMID- 3905819 TI - Suprarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm managed by excision and primary repair using a lateral suture technique. AB - Suprarenal abdominal aortic aneurysms are rare and pose special problems in diagnosis and management. These aneurysms often involve one or more visceral branches and frequently require a thoracoabdominal approach for surgical repair. The operative management of an unusual saccular suprarenal aortic aneurysm suspected to be of mycotic etiology is discussed. The diagnosis was made preoperatively with the aid of CT scanning and arteriography. Surgical repair was accomplished through an abdominal approach by excision and primary closure using a lateral suture technique. PMID- 3905820 TI - The responses of cells to electrical fields: a review. PMID- 3905821 TI - Connectin filaments link thick filaments and Z lines in frog skeletal muscle as revealed by immunoelectron microscopy. AB - In an earlier study connectin, an elastic protein of striated muscle, was found to be associated with "gap filaments" originating from the thick filaments in the myofibril, but it was not clear whether it extends to Z lines or not (Maruyama, K., H. Sawada, S. Kimura, K. Ohashi, H. Higuchi, and Y. Umazume, 1984, J. Cell Biol., 99:1391-1397). In the present immunoelectron microscopic study using polyclonal antibodies against native connectin, we have concluded that the connectin structures are directly linked to Z lines from the thick (myosin) filaments in myofibrils of skinned fibers of frog skeletal muscle. There were five distinct antibody-binding stripes in each half of the A band and two stripes in the A-I junction region. Deposits of antibodies were recognized in I bands and Z lines. We suggest that connectin filaments run alongside the thick filaments, starting from a region approximately 0.15 micron from the center of the A band. PMID- 3905822 TI - Cell-mediated extracellular acidification and bone resorption: evidence for a low pH in resorbing lacunae and localization of a 100-kD lysosomal membrane protein at the osteoclast ruffled border. AB - The extracellular compartment where bone resorption occurs, between the osteoclast and bone matrix, is shown in this report to be actively acidified. The weak base acridine orange accumulates within this compartment but dissipates after incubation with ammonium chloride. Upon removal of ammonium chloride, the cells are able to rapidly reacidify this compartment. The highly convoluted plasma membrane of the osteoclast facing this acidic compartment (ruffled border) is shown to contain a 100-kD integral membrane protein otherwise present in limiting membranes of lysosomes and other related acidified organelles (Reggio, H., D. Bainton, E. Harms, E. Coudrier, and D. Louvard, 1984, J. Cell Biol., 99:1511-1526; Tougard, C., D. Louvard, R. Picart, and A. Tixier-Vidal, 1985, J. Cell Biol. 100:786-793). Antibodies recognizing this 100-kD lysosomal membrane protein cross-react with a proton-pump ATPase from pig gastric mucosae (Reggio, H., D. Bainton, E. Harms, E. Coudrier, and D. Louvard, 1984, J. Cell Biol., 99:1511-1526), therefore raising the possibility that it plays a role in the acidification of both intracellular organelles and extracellular compartments. Lysosomal enzymes are also directionally secreted by the osteoclast into the acidified extracellular compartment which can therefore be considered as the functional equivalent of a secondary lysosome with a low pH, acid hydrolases, the substrate, and a limiting membrane containing the 100-kD antigen. PMID- 3905823 TI - pH-induced alterations in the fusogenic spike protein of Semliki Forest virus. AB - The spike glycoproteins of Semliki Forest virus mediate membrane fusion between the viral envelope and cholesterol-containing target membranes under conditions of mildly acidic pH (pH less than 6.2). The fusion reaction is critical for the infectious cycle, catalyzing virus penetration from the acidic endosome compartment. To define the role of the viral spike glycoproteins in the fusion reaction, conformational changes in the spikes at acid pH were studied using protease digestion and binding assays to liposomes and nonionic detergent. A method was also developed to prepare fragments of both transmembrane subunit glycopolypeptides of the spike, E1 and E2, which lacked the hydrophobic anchor peptides. Unlike the intact spikes the fragments were monomeric and therefore useful for obtaining information on conformational changes in individual subunits. The results showed that both E1 and E2 undergo irreversible conformational changes at the pH of fusion, that the conformational change of E1 depends, in addition to acidic pH, on the presence of cholesterol, and that no major changes in the solubility properties of the spikes takes place. On the basis of these findings it was concluded that fusion involves both subunits of the spike and that E1 confers the stereo-specific sterol requirement. The results indicated, moreover, that acid-induced fusion of Semliki Forest virus differs in important respects from that of influenza virus, another well-defined model system for protein-mediated membrane fusion. PMID- 3905824 TI - Antimalarials increase vesicle pH in Plasmodium falciparum. AB - The asexual erythrocytic stage of the malarial parasite ingests and degrades the hemoglobin of its host red cell. To study this process, we labeled the cytoplasm of uninfected red cells with fluorescein-dextran, infected those cells with trophozoite- and schizont-rich cultures of Plasmodium falciparum, and harvested them 110-120 h later in the trophozoite stage. After lysis of the red cell cytoplasm with digitonin, the only fluorescence remaining was in small (0.5-0.9 micron) vesicles similar to the parasite's food vacuole. As measured by spectrofluorimetry, the pH of these vesicles was acid (initial pH 5.2-5.4), and they responded to MgATP with acidification and to weak bases such as NH4Cl with alkalinization. These three properties are similar to those obtained with human fibroblasts and suggest that the endocytic vesicles of plasmodia are similar to those of mammalian cells. Each of the antimalarials tested (chloroquine, quinine, and mefloquine) as well as NH4Cl inhibited parasite growth at concentrations virtually identical to those that increased parasite vesicle pH. These results suggest two conclusions: (a) The increases in vesicle pH that we have observed in our digitonin-treated parasite preparation occur at similar concentrations of weak bases and antimalarials in cultures of parasitized erythrocytes, and (b) P. falciparum parasites are exquisitely dependent on vesicle pH during their asexual erythrocytic cycle, perhaps for processes analogous to endocytosis and proteolysis in mammalian cells, and that antimalarials and NH4Cl may act by interfering with these events. PMID- 3905826 TI - Characterization of a gene product (Sec53p) required for protein assembly in the yeast endoplasmic reticulum. AB - SEC53, a gene that is required for completion of assembly of proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum in yeast, has been cloned, sequenced, and the product localized by cell fractionation. Complementation of a sec53 mutation is achieved with unique plasmids from genomic or cDNA expression banks. These inserts contain the authentic gene, a cloned copy of which integrates at the sec53 locus. An open reading frame in the insert predicts a 29-kD protein with no significant hydrophobic character. This prediction is confirmed by detection of a 28-kD protein overproduced in cells that carry SEC53 on a multicopy plasmid. To follow Sec53p more directly, a LacZ-SEC53 gene fusion has been constructed which allows the isolation of a hybrid protein for use in production of antibody. With such an antibody, quantitative immune decoration has shown that the sec53-6 mutation decreases the level of Sec53p at 37 degrees C, while levels comparable to wild type are seen at 24 degrees C. An eightfold overproduction of Sec53p accompanies transformation of cells with a multicopy plasmid containing SEC53. Cell fractionation, performed with conditions that preserve the lumenal content of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), shows Sec53p highly enriched in the cytosol fraction. We suggest that Sec53p acts indirectly to facilitate assembly in the ER, possibly by interacting with a stable ER component, or by providing a small molecule, other than an oligosaccharide precursor, necessary for the assembly event. PMID- 3905827 TI - Mitochondria and nuclei move by different mechanisms in Aspergillus nidulans. AB - We have examined the effects of the antimicrotubule agent benomyl and several mutations on nuclear and mitochondrial movement in germlings of the filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans. While, as previously reported, benomyl inhibited nuclear division and movement, it did not inhibit mitochondrial movement. To test the effects of benomyl more rigorously, we germinated two benomyl super sensitive, beta-tubulin mutants at a benomyl concentration 50-100 times greater than that required to inhibit colony formation completely. Again nuclear division and movement were inhibited, but mitochondrial movement was not. We also examined conditionally lethal beta-tubulin mutations that disrupt microtubule function under restrictive conditions. Nuclear division and movement were inhibited but, again, mitochondrial movement was not. Finally we examined the effects of five heat-sensitive mutations that inhibit nuclear movement but not nuclear division at restrictive temperatures. These mutations strongly inhibited nuclear movement at a restrictive temperature but did not inhibit mitochondrial movement. These data demonstrate that the mechanisms of nuclear and mitochondrial movement in Aspergillus nidulans are not identical and suggest that mitochondrial movement does not require functional microtubules. PMID- 3905825 TI - Human endothelial cells are chemotactic to endothelial cell growth factor and heparin. AB - The response of human endothelial cell migration to various extracellular matrix components and growth factors has been assessed. Human endothelial cells demonstrate increased chemotaxis and chemokinesis when placed in a modified Boyden chamber with endothelial cell growth factor (ECGF) used at a concentration of 10(-9) M. Anti-ECGF antibody inhibits the chemotactic response. Heparin (10( 8) to 10(-10) M) was also chemotactic and was shown to potentiate the chemotactic activity of ECGF. Although laminin, fibronectin, the polypeptide (epidermal, fibroblast, and nerve) growth factors, and collagen types I, II, III, IV, and V demonstrate a chemotactic response, these activities were one third to one half less than observed with ECGF. These data suggest that ECGF and heparin may play a significant role as response modifiers of human endothelial cell migration which may be relevant to tumor metastasis, wound healing, and atherogenesis. PMID- 3905828 TI - Identification of noncollagenous components of calf lens capsule: evaluation of their adhesion-promoting activity. AB - Extraction of calf anterior and posterior lens capsules with 5 M guanidine HCI resulted in the solubilization of protein (12% of total) with a noncollagenous amino acid composition leaving behind the collagen matrix. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the solubilized material revealed a number of components, all of which were susceptible to trypsin but resistant to collagenase digestion. Fractionation of the extracted proteins by Sepharose CL-6B filtration as well as by affinity chromatography was undertaken, and laminin, fibronectin, entactin, and beta-crystallin were identified by electrophoresis and solid-phase radioimmunoassays in both anterior and posterior capsules. An entactin (Mr = 150,000), which constituted the most prominent component on electrophoresis, was purified after Sepharose CL-6B filtration by a two-step lectin affinity chromatography procedure, which was based on the failure of this protein to bind to Bandeiraea simplicifolia I but its positive reactivity with wheat germ lectin. Neither the mixture of proteins extracted from lens capsules by guanidine nor fractions prepared therefrom were able to enhance lens epithelial cell attachment to type I or type IV collagen-coated surfaces or to guanidine-prepared lens capsules; adhesion-stimulating activity could not be demonstrated even when cycloheximide-treated cells were employed. Furthermore, the cells were observed to attach as effectively to guanidine-extracted as to native capsules. These observations indicate that noncollagenous proteins are not essential for the in vitro attachment of epithelial cells to lens capsule; it appears that the collagen component itself provides an optimal surface for cell-basement membrane interaction. PMID- 3905830 TI - Flow cytometric analysis of tetanus toxin binding to neuroblastoma cells. AB - A neuroblastoma cell line was assessed for its capacity to bind tetanus toxin (TT) by using immunofluorescence and flow cytometry to analyze cells on a single cell basis. A clone of Neuro 2a, N2AB-1, was shown to bind variable amounts of TT per cell and this binding could be saturated by increasing doses of the toxin. Toxin binding was specific for neuronal cells, as the non-neuronal cell line, C6 glioma, bound negligible amounts of toxin. Variability of immunofluorescence staining was due in part to the increase in size of N2AB-1 cells as they progress through the cell cycle as measured by cell surface densities of toxin binding and DNA levels by propidium iodide (PI) staining. When N2AB-1 cells were treated with exogenous gangliosides for 24 h, cells were induced to sprout neurites and cell growth was inhibited. Analysis of DNA histograms indicated that ganglioside treatment caused more cells to appear in G0G1 of the cell cycle than that seen for untreated controls. Upon cytometric analysis of TT binding to ganglioside treated cells, it was apparent that treatment stimulated all cells to bind TT in larger amounts per cell than that seen with untreated N2AB-1 cells. These data suggest that TT binding and, therefore, toxin receptors are constant in density throughout the cell cycle of these neuroblastoma cells and that exogenous gangliosides can cause differentiation followed by increased toxin binding. PMID- 3905829 TI - Growth factor regulation of membrane transport in human fibroblasts and its relationship to stimulation of DNA synthesis. AB - Serum stimulation of serum-deprived or density-inhibited normal cells enhances the level of various nutrient and ionic transport systems. Certain of these systems have been implicated in the regulation of cell proliferation. However, the use of serum stimulation to activate quiescent cells leads to enhancement of numerous transport systems with little understanding of which component or components of serum are related to activation of which transport systems. In this study we attempt to identify the specific effect of three known growth promoting factors (insulin, dexamethasone and epidermal growth factor [EGF]) on the activation of four membrane transport systems (A-amino acids, L-amino acids, glucose and K+) in normal and SV40-transformed WI38 human fibroblasts. We have also evaluated the effect of these growth factors on the stimulation of DNA synthesis in growth factor deprived cells. Thus, we can correlate the effect on a given transport system with the relative mitogenic stimulation produced by the growth factor. We conclude a) that a growth factor can effect a transport system differently in a normal versus transformed cell, b) that a specific growth factor can effect multiple transport systems and, c) with the exception of K+ transport, enhanced transport induced by a given growth factor does not necessarily correlate with the mitogenic potency of the growth factor. This latter point is of particular significance since the activation of K+ transport reflects, based on other studies, activation of the Na+-H+ exchanger which has been implicated in cell-cycle activation. PMID- 3905831 TI - Hormonal control of cholesterogenesis and related enzymes in isolated rat hepatocytes during pre- and postnatal development. AB - The effect of glucagon and insulin on the incorporation of 1-14C-acetate into cholesterol and fatty acids and on the enzymes involved in the first steps of cholesterol synthesis (3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase, 3 hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A synthase, and acetoacetyl-coenzyme A thiolase) was investigated. Isolated rat hepatocytes at different stages of fetal and postnatal development were employed. Data obtained show the appearance of hormonal control on the 18th day of fetal life, indicating the same pattern, as regards acetate incorporation and HMGCoA reductase prepared and assayed in the presence of NaF. On the contrary, HMGCoA reductase, prepared without NaF, HMGCoA synthase, and acetoacetyl CoA thiolase, does not appear to respond to hormonal stimulation. In the perinatal period, the hormonal effect is no longer detectable, probably because of a hormone resistance of this metabolic pathway. PMID- 3905833 TI - Site-specific mutagenesis of dihydrofolate reductase from Escherichia coli. AB - Two site-specific mutations of dihydrofolate reductase from Escherichia coli based on the x-ray crystallographic structure were constructed. The first mutation (His-45----Gln) is aimed at assessing the interaction between the imidazole moiety and the pyrophosphate backbone of NADPH. The second (Thr-113--- Val) is part of a hydrogen bonding network that contacts the dihydrofolate substrate and may be involved in proton delivery to the N5-C6 imine undergoing reduction. The first mutation was shown to alter both the association and dissociation rate constants for the cofactor so that the dissociation constant was increased 6-40-fold. A corresponding but smaller (fourfold) effect was noted in V/K but not in V compared to the wild-type enzyme. The second was demonstrated to increase the dissociation rate constant for methotrexate 20-30-fold, and presumably dihydrofolate also, with a corresponding 20-30-fold increase in the dissociation constant. In this case an identical effect was noted on V/K but not in V relative to the native enzyme. Thus, in both mutant enzymes the decrease in binding has not been translated into a loss of catalytic efficiency. PMID- 3905832 TI - Glycosaminoglycan production in cultures of early and late passage human endothelial cells: the influence of an anionic endothelial cell growth factor and the extracellular matrix. AB - An endothelial cell (EC) growth factor isolated from bovine brain stimulates in vitro growth of human umbilical vein endothelial cells, and permits long term serial propagation. In the presence of increasing concentrations of EC growth factor, confluent cultures of early (CPDL less than or equal to 20) and late (CPDL greater than 20) passage human endothelial cells exhibit an increased incorporation of 3H-glucosamine and Na235SO4 into the glycosaminoglycans (GAG), hyaluronic acid, chondroitin, chondroitin-4-sulfate, dermatan-4-sulfate, and chondroitin-6-sulfate. An increase in both labelled sulfated and nonsulfated GAG was observed in the cytosol, membrane, secreted and extracellular matrix fractions. In contrast, endothelial cells grown in the presence of EC growth factor contained decreased amounts of labelled heparan sulfate than cells grown without EC growth factor. Confluent cultures of early passage cells had significantly more labelled GAG but significantly less heparan sulfate than cultures of late passage cells on a per cell basis. Extracellular matrix from early passage cells contained about two- to seven-fold more labelled GAG than extracellular matrix from late passage cells, but only about half as much labelled heparan sulfate. Cell adhesion was enhanced when cells were grown in the presence of EC growth factor as compared to adhesion of cells grown without EC growth factor. Conversely, trypsin-mediated detachment of cells grown in the presence of growth factor was inhibited as compared to detachment of cells grown in medium without EC growth factor. The composition of the extracellular matrix influenced incorporation of labelled GAG into extracellular matrix. Early passage cells grown to confluence on a matrix from late passage cells incorporated significantly less labelled GAG into extracellular matrix than when grown to confluence on matrix from early passage cells. Incorporation of labelled GAG into extracellular matrix was significantly higher when late passage cells were grown on a matrix from early passage endothelial cells than when grown on matrix from late passage cells. We conclude that EC growth factor selectively stimulates incorporation of isotopic precursors into GAG in cultures of early and late passage endothelial cells but inhibits incorporation of radiolabel into heparan sulfate; early passage cells contain more GAG but less heparan sulfate than late passage cells, extracellular matrix controls the amount of GAG and heparan sulfate incorporated into matrix.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3905834 TI - Extracellular matrix interactions with the apical surface of vascular endothelial cells. AB - Cultured aortic endothelial cells, like their in vivo counterparts, form highly organized, confluent monolayers of polarized epithelioid cells that secrete, exclusively at their basal surface, an extracellular matrix to which they then attach. The influence of isolated subendothelial matrix preparations on cell polarity and monolayer organization was studied by presenting fragments of the matrix to confluent bovine aortic endothelial cell cultures. The matrix particles were immediately bound to the apical aspect of the cell monolayer and induced rapid reorganization of the monolayer into cells with a fibroblastoid morphology. To determine if fibronectin, the major glycoprotein of the subendothelial matrix, could be involved in the observed apical cell surface-matrix interactions, latex beads or small discs of Nucleopore filters were coated with the glycoprotein and presented to confluent monolayers. In a fashion similar to that observed with matrix fragments, materials coated with fibronectin caused focal reorganization of the cell layer. After contact with the coated beads, the underlying endothelial cells flowed upward and spread over the entire bead, forming a canopy of confluent cells that draped the particle. Contact of confluent monolayers with the coated filters induced similar behaviour, except that monolayer reorganization into the fibroblastoid phenotype was followed by emigration of the majority of underlying cells through the pores to the upper filter surface, where they formed a new organized cell monolayer with the typical endothelial cell morphology. Thus contact of the apical surface of endothelial cells with structures to which they adhere initiates a rapid disruption of the organized cell monolayer, followed immediately by a concerted effort of the local population to re-establish both cell polarity and monolayer contiguity. The expression of this behaviour may be important during tissue remodeling that occurs in neovascularization and during interactions with thromboemboli. PMID- 3905835 TI - Changes in the shape of mitochondria following osmotic stress to the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardii. AB - The effects of various stresses on mitochondrial activity and structure within the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardii were investigated using the fluorescent probe rhodamine 123. Within control cells, treatment with rhodamine 123 stained an intense fluorescent network, which was considered to be mitochondrial from the similarity in structure to models of mitochondria reconstructed from serial-section electron microscopy, and because this pattern of staining was abolished following the addition of metabolic inhibitors. Following osmotic shrinkage and rehydration, fragmentation of the mitochondrial network was observed within potentially viable cells. This was reversible within 1 h of resuspension in isotonic medium. Exposure of cells to hypertonic solutions of rapidly permeating compounds did not induce similar structural alterations. These changes in the mitochondria were confirmed by thin-section electron microscopy. In the presence of higher osmolalities of non-permeating compounds, which induce a greater loss of viability, rhodamine 123 stained cells uniformly. Following the osmotic stresses induced by slow rates of freezing and subsequent thawing no fragmentation in mitochondrial staining was observed. These findings demonstrate that shrinkage and rehydration may induce alterations to the structure and function of organelles and may be factors in determining cellular viability following osmotic stress. PMID- 3905836 TI - Infection and maintenance of Holospora obtusa, a macronucleus-specific bacterium of the ciliate Paramecium caudatum. AB - The gram-negative bacterium Holospora obtusa is a macronucleus-specific symbiont of the ciliate Paramecium caudatum, which invades the host cell via a food vacuole, infects its macronucleus and grows exclusively in the nucleus. From infection experiments, we showed that a property of the macronucleus that is necessary for it to be recognized and infected by H. obtusa is commonly provided by P. caudatum, P. multimicronucleatum and 14 species of the P. aurelia complex, but not by P. jenningsi, P. bursaria, P. trichium, P. duboscqui, Didinium nasutum, Blepharisma japonicum, Pseudourostyla levis, seven species of Euplotes or Tetrahymena thermophila. Furthermore, it was also shown that the bacteria that infect the macronuclei of P. multimicronucleatum and the P. aurelia species complex always disappear from the nuclei within 5 days and the infected bacteria are maintained stably in the host nuclei in only 13 out of 22 strains of P. caudatum. The results indicate that the species specificity of the habitat of H. obtusa is not simply a matter of its ability to penetrate the host nuclear membrane but depends on unknown factors that exist only in certain strains of P. caudatum. PMID- 3905837 TI - Immunocytochemical identification of cytotrophoblast from other mononuclear cell populations isolated from first-trimester human chorionic villi. AB - Trophoblast biologists are often uncertain as to what cell types they are investigating because the mononuclear cell populations prepared from trypsinization of human first-trimester chorionic villi are morphologically very similar. In the present study, immunocytochemical and phagocytic markers have been used to distinguish cytotrophoblast populations from cell types derived from the mesenchyme of the chorionic villus. Two anti-trophoblast monoclonal antibodies generated in our own laboratory (18B/A5 and 18A/C4) were found to be very efficient in identifying cytotrophoblast, which made up 35-40% of the cells in a smear. Most cytotrophoblast cells did not stain with a monoclonal anti-HLA A,B,C antibody but a few cells (5%) were found to express both trophoblast and HLA-A,B,C antigens by a double-labelling technique. Endothelial cells from villous capillaries could be identified by a rabbit anti-factor VIII antibody. These cells formed 28% of the population in a cytospin smear. Macrophages from the villous mesenchyme were less readily separable as neither specific monoclonal antibodies nor localization of enzymes were found to be effective. However, these cells could be identified by their ability to phagocytose carmine. About 15% of the cells in a smear consisted of macrophages. The procedure described should prove useful in judging the efficiency of isolation methods from human placental cells. PMID- 3905838 TI - Divergent expression of laminin and fibronectin in non-tumorigenic and transformed liver epithelial cells. AB - The immunocytochemical expression of laminin and fibronectin by non-transformed liver epithelial cells and by transformed cells derived from the same cell line, TRL1215, was examined in ethionine-transformed cells (ETC), untreated control cells at the same high passage level (HPC), and untreated, low passage cells (LPC). At confluence, a divergent expression of laminin and fibronectin was observed in the three sublines. In flat areas of polygonal cells, LPC showed abundant laminin staining and sparse fibronectin staining; HPC had intermediate expression of both; and ETC had sparse laminin staining and abundant fibronectin. Specifically, the laminin network was often found at intercellular junctions, outlining individual LPC, outlining groups of HPC, and having a focal expression in ETC. A fine reticulum of laminin was seen in large areas of LPC, in relatively small areas of HPC, and in multilayered areas of ETC. Fibronectin was visible as thick, matted fibrils, which were sparse in LPC, loosely arranged in HPC and dense in ETC. Prior studies had shown that the increased fibronectin expression in the transformed cells was associated with increased expression of actin stress fibres, increased cell spreading and increased numbers of focal contacts between cell and substrate. The divergent expression of laminin and fibronectin shown here indicates that these two matrix proteins need not be expressed in a parallel manner during transformation, and that increased fibronectin, but not laminin, is associated with maximal cell spreading and adhesion. PMID- 3905839 TI - Gap-junctional communication in a communication-defective and in a communication competent teratocarcinoma cell line. AB - We examined the gap-junctional communication properties of a communication defective cell line R5/3 and its communication-competent revertant H2T12. For these studies, we carried out microelectrode impalements to monitor ionic coupling and dye coupling. Our dye-injection experiments revealed that the H2T12 cells are much more efficient in dye coupling than the R5/3 cells. This latter observation is in agreement with the previous finding that the H2T12 cells are much better metabolically coupled than the R5/3 cells. With ionic coupling measurements, however, both cell lines exhibited similar levels of cell-cell coupling. The R5/3 cells demonstrated an ionic coupling coefficient of 0.19 +/- 0.011 (S.E.M.) and H2T12 a coupling coefficient of 0.25 +/- 0.009 (S.E.M.). These results in conjunction with observations from other studies indicate that the different experimental approaches for monitoring gap-junctional communication may have different levels of sensitivity for detecting as opposed to measuring the level of cell-cell coupling. PMID- 3905840 TI - Fears and worries of young children as expressed in a contextual play setting. AB - One hundred 5- and 6-year-old children were studied with a contextual play technique in order to gain insight into their fears and worries. Sex differences and differences relating to questioning procedure were examined. The discussion included the potential usefulness of the method and some implications for parents and teachers. PMID- 3905841 TI - Use of chromatofocusing for separation of beta-lactamases. VI. Comparative studies on two chromatofocusing polybuffer exchanger matrices with the R46 plasmid coded beta-lactamase carried by the Escherichia coli K12 J5-3 strain. PMID- 3905842 TI - Determination of progesterone by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry using a moving-belt interface and isotope dilution. PMID- 3905843 TI - [Preparation of monoclonal antibody to streptococcal nephritis-strain associated protein]. PMID- 3905844 TI - Evaluation of human hair sources for the in vitro hair perforation test. AB - The in vitro hair perforation test for dermatophytes was evaluated with hair from males and females aged 6 months to 67 years, including hair of various natural colors and hair which had been bleached, tinted, curled, sprayed, or subjected to various combinations of these treatments. In contrast to published recommendations, the source of hair had no effect on this diagnostic procedure. PMID- 3905845 TI - Identification of Chlamydia trachomatis by direct immunofluorescence applied in specimens originating in remote areas. AB - The efficacy of the MicroTrak (Syva Co., Palo Alto, Calif.) direct immunofluorescence test for the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis was compared with cell culturing of fresh specimens obtained from patients attending a clinic on sexually transmitted disease and of frozen specimens delayed in transit from urban or remote physicians' offices and clinics. Direct immunofluorescence testing detected C. trachomatis more frequently than culturing of the same specimens when transit caused a delay in culturing. PMID- 3905846 TI - Supplementary rapid biochemical test panel for the API 20E bacterial identification system. AB - The API 20E Analytical Profile Index typically suggests three or four conventional biochemical tests to complete the identification of strains either identified to genus only or that have multiple genera consistent with the profile number. We compiled a simple panel of eight rapid (4-h) tests that can substitute for the supplementary biochemical tests recommended by Analytab Products (Plainview, N.Y.). The rapid test panel (RTP) consisted of adonitol, cellobiose, lactose, raffinose, rhamnose, and xylose utilization, lysine decarboxylase activity, and motility. A total of 114 consecutive clinical isolates that required additional tests to complete the identifications were each tested with the complete RTP, as well as with the recommended conventional biochemicals. All discordant identifications were resolved by using an expanded series of conventional biochemical tests. Overall, 110 (96%) strains were identified to the correct genus, and 109 (95%) strains were identified to the correct species by using the RTP, as compared with 105 (92%) identified to the correct genus and 90 (79%) identified to the correct species with the recommended tests. The identifications based on the two supplementary test systems did not agree for 7 (6.1%) strains. Four discrepancies were resolved in favor of the RTP, and three were resolved in favor of the recommended tests. We were unable to identify five (4.4%) strains with the recommended tests and only one (0.9%) with the RTP. A majority (86%) of the test strains were identified to the species level with the RTP after only 4 h of incubation. PMID- 3905847 TI - Large Cryptococcus neoformans isolated from brain abscess. AB - Cryptococcus neoformans yeast cells 40 to 60 micron in diameter were seen in an India ink preparation made from a human brain abscess specimen. In culture at 25 degrees C, uniform 5-micron-diameter yeast cells were produced. Inoculation into mice produced yeast cells up to 40 micron in diameter, and brain heart infusion broth culture at 35 degrees C produced yeast cells about 25 micron in diameter. A relationship of yeast cell diameter to incubation temperature is suggested. PMID- 3905849 TI - autoSCAN-4 system for identification of gram-negative bacilli. AB - A production model of the autoSCAN-4 system (American MicroScan, Inc., Mahwah, N.J.) was tested with not more than 11 strains each of 73 groups or species of gram-negative bacilli from various Centers for Disease Control culture collections. The strains included typical and atypical strains of enteric fermenters, nonenteric fermenters, and nonfermenters. The autoSCAN-4 system identified 95.3% of all 405 cultures accurately: 95.4% of 307 members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, 96.6% of 29 nonenteric fermenters, and 94.2% of 69 nonfermenters. Manual readings of the same trays provided essentially the same results, with a maximum change of only +1.6% identification accuracy of members of the Enterobacteriaceae. These data were obtained by all required additional tests, including serology and computer consultation when indicated. Only 19 of the cultures tested were misidentified. These were distributed randomly throughout the various groups and species except that Edwardsiella tarda was usually missed because of poor H2S reactions in the test medium. Of six Yersinia enterocolitica isolates, two were not identified. Only one nonenteric fermenter, a Pasteurella sp., and four nonfermenters (three Pseudomonas sp. and one Centers for Disease Control group Ve-2) were misidentified. PMID- 3905848 TI - Evaluation of a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for porcine Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin. AB - A competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was compared with the conventional suckling mouse assay for the identification of heat-stable enterotoxin (STa) in samples from piglets suffering from diarrhea. A total of 110 Escherichia coli isolates, 22 primary cultures, and 26 fecal samples from piglets up to 8 weeks of age with diarrhea were compared in parallel by both assays. Of the 110 isolates tested, all gave consistent results by the ELISA and the suckling mouse assay; 60 strains were negative and 50 strains produced STa by both tests. Identical results were obtained when 22 primary agar cultures were screened for STa production by both methods; 6 were found to produce STa, while 16 did not. When 26 fecal samples were tested for the presence of STa, 10 were negative and 12 were positive by both assays. One of the remaining four samples gave questionable positive results by both the suckling mouse assay and the ELISA, but E. coli isolated from this sample gave positive results by both tests. The remaining three samples were negative by the suckling mouse assay, but gave questionable positive results by the ELISA. E. coli isolates from these three samples were always negative by both assays. The ELISA used in this study provides a reliable and convenient method for diagnosing STa-producing enterotoxigenic E. coli of porcine origin. PMID- 3905850 TI - Large-scale clinical comparison of the lysis-centrifugation and radiometric systems for blood culture. AB - The Isolator 10 lysis-centrifugation blood culture system (E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Inc., Wilmington, Del.) was compared with the BACTEC radiometric method (Johnston Laboratories, Inc., Towson, Md.) with 6B and 7D broth media for the recovery of bacteria and yeasts. From 11,000 blood cultures, 1,174 clinically significant organisms were isolated. The Isolator system recovered significantly more total organisms, members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, Staphylococcus spp., and yeasts. The BACTEC system recovered significantly more Pseudomonas spp., Streptococcus spp., and anaerobes. Of the Isolator colony counts, 87% measured less than 11 CFU/ml of blood. Organisms, on an average, were detected the same day from each of the two culture systems. Only 13 of the 975 BACTEC isolates (0.01%) were recovered by subculture of growth-index-negative bottles, and 12 of the 13 were detected in another broth blood culture taken within 24 h. Contaminants were recovered from 4.8% of the Isolator 10 and 2.3% of the BACTEC cultures. PMID- 3905851 TI - Biotypes of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli strains from rabbits. AB - Forty-five enteropathogenic (enteropathogenic Escherichia coli-like) strains isolated in commercial rabbit farms were subdivided into four biotypes with the help of six carbohydrate fermentation tests, ornithine decarboxylase tests, and motility tests. E. coli strains which caused neonatal diarrhea in baby rabbits belonged to a single biotype, biotype 1, and displayed the same serotype antigens. Biotype 2 strains provoked diarrhea of variable severity in weaned rabbits and were also pathogenic for baby rabbits under laboratory conditions. Biotype 1 and biotype 2 strains resembled each other in many respects. Biotype 3 and biotype 4 (represented by a single strain) were highly pathogenic for weaned rabbits, but they provoked no symptoms or lesions in baby rabbits. Biotype 3 formed a homogeneous group of nonmotile strains which possessed the O15 antigen. Forty-two strains from nondiarrheic rabbits constituted a very heterogeneous collection of biotypes, most of which could easily be differentiated from the pathogenic types. Biotyping can be used to recognize rabbit pathogenic strains. PMID- 3905852 TI - Rapid identification of Clostridium species by high-pressure liquid chromatography. AB - High-pressure liquid chromatography was evaluated as a rapid means of identifying various species of clostridia. Isolates were inoculated into a defined medium and incubated aerobically for 1 h at 35 degrees C. The organisms were removed, and the supernatants were derivatized for 1 min at room temperature by the addition of o-phthalaldehyde. The total time required to run each chromatogram was approximately 50 min. Standardized peak heights for each medium component and any new peaks formed were calculated for each isolate and compared with those for uninoculated control medium. Multiple isolates of various Clostridium species gave consistent patterns of medium utilization that could be used for identification. This rapid method can easily be adapted for laboratory use and has the potential for automation. PMID- 3905853 TI - Simple visual assay for determination of Pasteurella haemolytica cytotoxin neutralizing antibody titers in cattle sera. AB - A simple visual assay is described for determining the capacity of bovine serum to neutralize the cytotoxin produced by Pasteurella haemolytica serotype 1. The test was reproducible from day to day with different target cell populations and cytotoxin preparations. Cytotoxin neutralization titers obtained by the visual assay were comparable to those determined by the trypan blue exclusion and 51Cr release methods. The visual assay was used to measure neutralization titers of bovine sera obtained from vaccination experiments and fractions of purified serum obtained by gel filtration. The major advantages of the visual assay over other assays are that it is rapid, inexpensive, and does not use radioisotopes. It also does not require specialized equipment, making it adaptable to most laboratories. PMID- 3905854 TI - Evaluation of the RapID-ANA system for identification of anaerobic bacteria of veterinary origin. AB - This study evaluated the ability of the RapID-ANA system (Innovative Diagnostic Systems, Inc., Atlanta, Ga.) to accurately identify a spectrum of freshly isolated veterinary anaerobes. A total of 183 isolates were tested and included 7 Actinomyces spp., 53 Bacteroides spp., 32 Clostridium spp., 2 Eubacterium spp., 65 Fusobacterium spp., 1 Peptococcus spp., 22 Peptostreptococcus spp., and 1 Propionibacterium spp. All isolates were initially identified by conventional biochemical testing and gas-liquid chromatography of short-chain fatty acid metabolites. Additional tests were performed as required by the RapID-ANA system. Of these isolates, 81.4% were correctly identified to the genus level, including 59.6% to the species level, 14.2% were incorrectly identified at the genus level, and 4.4% were not identified. Initially, 20.2% of the strains were not identified because the microcodes were not in the code book. The majority of the incorrect identifications were caused by the misidentification of Fusobacterium spp. as Bacteroides spp. Errors also occurred when veterinary anaerobes not included in the data base were assigned an identification from the existing data base. The RapID-ANA system appears to be a promising new method for rapid identification of veterinary anaerobes; however, further evaluation with an extended data base is needed before the system can accurately identify all clinically significant anaerobes. PMID- 3905856 TI - Treadmilling, diffusional exchange and cytoplasmic structures. AB - Microfilaments and microtubules exchange monomers from solution by at least two mechanisms; treadmilling and diffusional exchange. Refined kinetic analysis of both mechanisms shows that this exchange may be nonlinear under certain conditions. The two mechanisms of exchange differ in some of their predictions for the behaviour of cytoplasmic structures. Studies of assembly of cytoplasmic structures in vivo suggest that diffusional exchange is probably predominant for steady-state structures and further suggest that additional mechanisms may be operating in the cell. PMID- 3905855 TI - Adherence of coagulase-negative staphylococci to plastic tissue culture plates: a quantitative model for the adherence of staphylococci to medical devices. AB - The adherence of coagulase-negative staphylococci to smooth surfaces was assayed by measuring the optical densities of stained bacterial films adherent to the floors of plastic tissue culture plates. The optical densities correlated with the weight of the adherent bacterial film (r = 0.906; P less than 0.01). The measurements also agreed with visual assessments of bacterial adherence to culture tubes, microtiter plates, and tissue culture plates. Selected clinical strains were passed through a mouse model for foreign body infections and a rat model for catheter-induced endocarditis. The adherence measurements of animal passed strains remained the same as those of the laboratory-maintained parent strain. Spectrophotometric classification of coagulase-negative staphylococci into nonadherent and adherent categories according to these measurements had a sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 90.6, 80.8, and 88.4%, respectively. We examined a previously described collection of 127 strains of coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from an outbreak of intravascular catheter-associated sepsis; strains associated with sepsis were more adherent than blood culture contaminants and cutaneous strains (P less than 0.001). We also examined a collection of 84 strains isolated from pediatric patients with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunts; once again, pathogenic strains were more adherent than were CSF contaminants (P less than 0.01). Finally, we measured the adherence of seven endocarditis strains. As opposed to strains associated with intravascular catheters and CSF shunts, endocarditis strains were less adherent than were saprophytic strains of coagulase-negative staphylococci. The optical densities of bacterial films adherent to plastic tissue culture plates serve as a quantitative model for the study of the adherence of coagulase-negative staphylococci to medical devices, a process which may be important in the pathogenesis of foreign body infections. PMID- 3905857 TI - Immunocytochemical studies using a monoclonal antibody to bovine cardiac titin on intact and extracted myofibrils. AB - A monoclonal antibody specific to bovine cardiac titin has been identified. The antibody recognizes a common antigenic site in striated muscles of several species. In relaxed myofibrils, specific staining at the A-I junction resulted in a doublet of fluorescent bands within a sarcomere. The distance between the doublets in successive sarcomeres varied according to the degree of myofibrillar contraction. Staining on formamide-extracted myofibrils has confirmed that this epitope is located near the outer edges of isolated A bands. Selective extraction of myofibrillar proteins resulted in different staining patterns. Disrupting the structural integrity of the M-line or the A-band centre caused a significant amount of titin to translocate toward the Z-line region. In contrast, shortening of the A-band by removal of myosin from the ends of the thick filaments resulted in anti-titin staining moving closer to the M-line region. Several conclusions can be drawn from this study: (a) two aligned groups of titin molecules are placed symmetrically to the M-line in a sarcomere; (b) titin may attach directly or via intermediary protein(s) to sites near the M-line and Z-line such that the protein is under tension and (c) removal of proteins from either region results in titin staining in the opposite region. However, the edges of the A-band give some hindrance to collapse of the titin toward the M-line. PMID- 3905858 TI - Comparative study of myosins present in the lateral muscle of some fish: species variations in myosin isoforms and their distribution in red, pink and white muscle. AB - Myosin isoforms and their distribution in the various fibre types of the lateral muscle of eight teleost fish (representing a wide range of taxonomic groups and lifestyles) were investigated electrophoretically, histochemically and immunohistochemically. Polyclonal antisera were raised against slow (red muscle) and fast (white muscle) myosins of the mullet, and used to stain sections of lateral muscle. Antisera specific for fast and slow myosin heavy chains only (anti-FHC and anti-SHC respectively) and for whole fast and slow myosins (anti-F and anti-S respectively) were obtained, and their specificity was confirmed by immunoblotting against electrophoretically separated myofibrillar proteins. The ATPase activity of myosin isoforms was examined histochemically using methods to demonstrate their acid- and alkali-lability and their Ca-Mg dependent actomyosin ATPase. As expected, the predominant myosin (and fibre) type in the red muscle showed an alkali-labile ATPase activity, reacted with the anti-S and anti-SHC sera (but not anti-F or anti-FHC) and contained two 'slow' light chains, whereas the predominant myosin (and fibre) type in the white muscle showed an alkali stable ATPase activity, reacted with anti-F and anti-FHC sera (but not anti-S or anti-SHC) and contained three 'fast' light chains. However, superimposed upon this basic pattern were a number of variations, many of them species-related. On analysis by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis fish myosin light chains LC1s, LC2s and LC2f migrated like the corresponding light chains of mammalian myosins, but fish LC1f consistently had a more acidic pI value than mammalian LC1f. Fish LC3f varied markedly in Mr in a species-related manner: in some fish (e.g. eel and mullet) the Mr value of LC3f was less than that for the other two light chains (as in mammalian myosin), whereas in others it was similar to that of LC2f (e.g. cat-fish) or even greater (e.g. goldfish). Species differences were also seen in the relative intensity of LC1f and LC3f spots given by the fish fast myosins. In most of the fish examined the red muscle layer showed some micro heterogeneity, containing (in addition to the typical slow fibres) small numbers of fibres with a histo- and immunohistochemical profile typical of white muscle (fast) fibres. However, other immunohistochemically distinct minority fibres were found in the red muscle of the goldfish. Three types of pink muscle were distinguished: a mosaic of immunohistochemically typical red and white fibres (e.g. grey mullet).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3905860 TI - Variation on the RPE. PMID- 3905859 TI - Paracrystalline assemblies of light meromyosins with various chain weights. AB - Paracrystals formed from well defined insoluble fragments of myosin rod: LMM-A, LMM-B, LMM-C, and LMM-D with apparent chain weights of 78 000, 72 000, 68 000, and 56 000, respectively (Nyitray et al., 1983) were studied in the electron microscope with a negative staining technique. All fragments formed tactoids with 14.3 and 43 nm periodicities as well as aperiodic tactoids and sheets. Tactoids and sheets described earlier with a 43 nm periodicity and a pattern of alternating light bands 10 nm wide and dark bands 33 nm wide were observed in LMM A preparations only. LMM-B and LMM-C formed tactoids with a 43 nm periodicity but without the diversified band pattern. LMM-D formed sheets and tactoids with a newly observed band pattern of alternating light bands 23 nm wide and dark bands 20 nm wide. This pattern can be explained assuming the length of LMM-D molecules to be 66 nm which is fairly consistent with the chain weight of this fragment. A model for molecular arrangement in this type of paracrystal is presented. The model involves both parallel and antiparallel interactions with a parallel axial displacement of the molecules by 43 nm as suggested by Bennett (1981) for paracrystals formed from LMM molecules 90 nm long. It is deduced from the model that LMM-D is shorter than LMM-A by 15 nm at the NH2-terminal end and by 9 nm at the COOH-terminal end. LMM-D, like the other insoluble fragments of myosin rod, is also able to form square and hexagonal nets with an approximately 40 nm distance between lattice points. The structural features of the nets obtained from LMM-D can be explained assuming the same kinds of molecular interactions within the strands of the net as those in the sheets and tactoids with a 43 nm axial repeat. It is concluded that all insoluble fragments of myosin rod are able to form paracrystalline assemblies involving the same types of parallel and antiparallel interactions. PMID- 3905861 TI - Partial destruction of the distal femoral epiphysis as a consequence of osteomyelitis: regeneration after transplantation of a bone graft. AB - As a consequence of osteomyelitis in a newborn, a defect developed on the medial part of the distal bony epiphysis and metaphysis of the right femur, resulting in a 30 degree varus deformity. The iliac wing, with its attached apophysis, was transplanted to the defect in the medial condyle. This favorably influenced the ossification and growth disturbance and corrected the varus deformity. PMID- 3905863 TI - The role of developmental limitations of sensory input on sensory/perceptual organization. AB - The human infant is born with limited sensory capacities. Such limitations are characteristic of early stages of development of all mammals. These limitations have been conceptualized as equivalent to sensory deprivation, and it has frequently been assumed that compensatory stimulation would therefore be advantageous. It is our contention that, during normal development, limitations provide an organizational framework which enhances perceptual development, and that providing additional stimulation to prematurely born infants may, in fact, be harmful. In addition to reviewing the literature on this issue, we present the results of several studies in which the effect of surgically opening the eyes of rat pups prior to the age of normal eye opening was examined. These studies found alterations in the patterns of homing consequent upon the early availability of visual input. Pups whose eyes were opened early failed to exhibit the transitions in behavior normally found to occur around the time of eye opening. Furthermore, the pups failed to respond differentially to olfactory stimuli which littermate controls successfully discriminated. PMID- 3905862 TI - Exogenous growth hormone levels predict attentional performance: a preliminary report. AB - The imminent commercial availability of synthetic growth hormone (GH) and the potential for large scale and possibly indiscriminant use mandate a critical examination of possible adverse effects. This double-blind study examined the effects of human GH on attention. Treatment of eight GH-deficient children, aged 8.7 to 14.1 years, was suspended to establish base lines. Injections with GH (0.1 units/kg) and placebo followed in counterbalanced 2-week periods. At the end of each period, GH levels were assayed, and attention was tested. Scores earned under the GH condition did not differ from base line and placebo values. However, patients displaying high levels (14 +/- 2.12 ng/ml) of exogenous GH 12 hours after injection generally surpassed norms and patients with low levels (3.5 +/- 1.12 ng/ml) of GH under all conditions of the experiment. If 12-hour levels in this study are indicative of the fate of GH received during therapy, prolonged use of GH may bring benefits to attention that vary directly with half-life. PMID- 3905864 TI - Characteristics of subjects experiencing relaxation and relaxation-induced anxiety. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine the psychological characteristics of people who show a paradoxical increase in anxiety during relaxation training. Thirty-eight subjects who reported being anxious 50% or more of the day, were divided into two groups based on their scores on the Tellegen and Atkinson absorption scale. Half of each group was given progressive muscle relaxation training; the other half a meditational procedure. Separate regression analyses for each group showed that during meditational procedure 32% of the change in heart rate and 42% of the change in a subjective response measured by changes in the position of an "anxiety lever", could be predicted by the subjects' scores on the Tellegen absorption scale, the cognitive component of the state version of the Cognitive-Somatic Anxiety Questionnaire, and other psychological tests. Similarly, 49% of the heart rate changes during progressive muscle relaxation training were predicted by these and other measures. The multiple R for anxiety lever during progressive muscle relaxation training was not significant, however. Three of 18 meditational procedure subjects and two of 20 progressive muscle relaxation subjects showed increased heart rates during relaxation training. Two of the three meditational procedure subjects also showed an increase in subjective tension as measured by the anxiety lever. PMID- 3905865 TI - Carcinogenicity of some anticancer drugs--a survey. AB - A list of 37 anticancer drugs with reported carcinogenicity or co-carcinogenicity has been compiled. These drugs include 16 alkylating agents, eight antimetabolites, four antibiotics, four hormones, one alkaloid, and four miscellaneous drugs. The reported carcinogenicity of these drugs in model systems and their possible mechanisms of action are reviewed together with structure carcinogenicity relationships. These drugs have been reported to cause cancers in different sites in various test animals. Most of these drugs react with DNA, and the ultimate reactive forms of the drugs are electrophiles. PMID- 3905867 TI - Pharmacokinetic contributions to drug use. AB - Fundamental research in pharmacokinetics help to identify the causes of inter subject variability in response to drugs. An understanding of these causes may permit the development of an individual dosage schedule and improve drug therapy. All professionals who are involved with drug use in patients should have a good knowledge of drug disposition and clinical pharmacokinetics. PMID- 3905868 TI - Pharmaceutical officers and specialist principal pharmacists in the United Kingdom National Health Service. PMID- 3905866 TI - Chest infections--are we making progress? PMID- 3905869 TI - Comparison of beta enolase and myoglobin as histological markers of rhabdomyosarcoma. AB - A comparative study of beta enolase and myoglobin as markers of muscle differentiation in rhabdomyosarcoma was carried out, using an immunoperoxidase peroxidase antiperoxidase technique. Material from 26 cases of childhood rhabdomyosarcoma was studied and subdivided into embryonal and alveolar types. Positive cytoplasmic staining for beta enolase was seen in 85% of tumours studied (91% alveolar, 79% embryonal), whereas positive staining for myoglobin was detected in only 69% of tumours (82% alveolar, 64% embryonal). beta Enolase and myoglobin are useful in the histological diagnosis of rhabdomyosarcoma, and of the two, beta enolase seems to be the more sensitive. PMID- 3905871 TI - Rapid identification of thermophilic Naegleria, including Naegleria fowleri using API ZYM system. AB - The suitability of the API ZYM system for identifying thermophilic Naegleria species, based on enzyme presence and activity, was investigated. Replicate testing on strains of N fowleri, N lovaniensis, and N australiensis cultured in a monoxenic and an axenic medium showed that the system could provide a rapid and reproducible means of identifying the species soon after primary isolation. No single enzyme was found specific for any one species, but considerable differences were found in the patterns of activity of acid phosphatase and leucine arylamidase. When these were compared the species could be differentiated. Use of the system in conjunction with a simple culture method is proposed as a readily available means of monitoring environmental and public bathing sites to prevent primary amoebic meningoencephalitis. PMID- 3905873 TI - An easy way to orientate small muscle biopsy tissue. PMID- 3905872 TI - Immunoblot analysis of serological responses in invasive aspergillosis. AB - The serological response to Aspergillus fumigatus was investigated in patients with pulmonary aspergillosis using the immunoblot technique. Antibody was detected against nine components of the fungus, ranging in molecular weight from 88 000 to 33 000 daltons. Antibody to a 40 000 dalton component was present in most patients (13 of 16). In surviving patients it was high (two with aspergilloma) or low but persistent (two with invasive aspergillosis). It was absent or fell in the 12 patients who died of invasive aspergillosis. Antibody to this 40 000 dalton antigen was not present in 10 sera from healthy controls. This antigen may form the basis of a more sensitive and specific serodiagnostic test for systemic aspergillosis. PMID- 3905870 TI - Antibodies specific for measles virus envelope antigens and autoantibodies in patients with chronic active hepatitis. AB - Distinctly increased levels of antibodies to measles virus envelope antigens haemolysin and haemagglutinin were found in the sera of patients with chronic active hepatitis compared with a normal control group, using immunofluorescence and functional tests. Similarly, a higher incidence of smooth muscle antibody of both IgG and IgM classes was observed in the patients and an important correlation was found between haemolysin antibodies specific for measles virus and smooth muscle antibody of IgG and IgM classes. In contrast, there was no such correlation between the virus specific haemolysin antibodies and antinuclear antibodies. The increased levels of antibodies to measles virus envelope antigens and of autoantibodies may reflect defects in immunoregulation rather than persistent infection with measles virus. PMID- 3905874 TI - Safe method for identifying cryptosporidium cysts in the faeces of patients with suspected AIDS, or those infected with other serious concomitant pathogens. PMID- 3905875 TI - Platelet phagocytosis: a probable mechanism of thrombocytopenia in Plasmodium falciparum infection. PMID- 3905876 TI - William Withering and the purple foxglove: a bicentennial tribute. PMID- 3905877 TI - Digitalis: historical development in clinical medicine. PMID- 3905878 TI - Controversies in the actions of digitalis substances: are all digitalis derivatives alike? PMID- 3905879 TI - Clinical use of digitalis materials. AB - Digitalis is a drug widely used in modern medicine for the control of ventricular response in atrial fibrillation and the treatment of congestive heart failure (CHF). Recently, the use of digitalis for the treatment of CHF in patients in sinus rhythm has become quite controversial. The findings of several clinical studies suggest a small but definite hemodynamic or clinical improvement in patients treated with digitalis. These effects are limited by the onset of toxicity, which is at least partially mediated via the central nervous system. If the inotropic effect of the drug could be separated from the central nervous system effect, much higher doses of digitalis could be tolerated and presumably a greater therapeutic effect could be obtained. PMID- 3905880 TI - Digitalis toxicity. AB - The principal causes of digitalis toxicity are overdose, reduced volume of distribution, reduced renal elimination, and increased myocardial sensitivity. The metabolic mechanism of digitalis toxicity is intense inhibition of sarcolemma Na-K ATPase, which leads to increases of intracellular Na+ and Ca2+ and arrhythmogenic membrane ionic currents. A variety of cellular electrophysiologic effects and effects on the nervous system are responsible for the array of clinical arrhythmias seen during digitalis toxicity, i.e., sinus bradycardia, atrioventricular block, nonparoxysmal atrioventricular junctional tachycardia, and ventricular tachycardia. PMID- 3905881 TI - Digitalis: its place in therapy. AB - Since the initial introduction of digitalis 200 years ago by Withering, its low therapeutic ratio has limited the use of this agent. The utility of digitalis in patients with congestive heart failure and a recent myocardial infarction has been questioned recently. Findings of rigorously controlled clinical studies suggest a small but definite hemodynamic and clinical improvement in patients administered digitalis. Congestive heart failure can be effectively treated without cardiac glycosides. However, when used judiciously, digitalis provides an additional agent in our therapeutic armamentarium. The inotropic, dormotropic, and vagomimetic properties are uniquely suited for the patient with supraventricular arrhythmias and compromised left ventricular function. PMID- 3905882 TI - Adhesion to dentin. PMID- 3905883 TI - Localization of enkephalin-like immunoreactive amacrine cells in the larval tiger salamander retina: a light and electron microscopic study. AB - Immunohistochemistry was utilized to examine the light and electron microscopic localization of enkephalin-like (enk) immunoreactive amacrine cells in the larval tiger salamander retina. The vast majority of enk-immunoreactive cells were typical amacrine cells whose round or oval cell bodies (14-16 microns) were situated in the innermost cell row of the inner nuclear layer. A relatively small number of enk-stained oval cell bodies (14-22 microns) were located in the ganglion cell layer and were designated as those of displaced amacrine cells. Enkephalin immunostaining was observed in the inner plexiform layer as a fine plexus in sublamina 1 and as a dense network of fibers in sublamina 5. In both the center and periphery of the retina the density of typical enk-amacrine cells was determined to be 250 +/- 16.36 cells per mm2 surface area of the retina. At the ultrastructural level typical enk-stained amacrine cells possessed a round, indented nuclear membrane. Enk-immunoreactive processes sometimes contained dense core vesicles (60-115 nm) in addition to a rather homogeneous population of small, round, agranular synaptic vesicles (25-35 nm). In sublamina 1 the processes of enk-amacrine cells were presynaptic to amacrine and bipolar cells. They also contacted processes devoid of synaptic vesicles which possibly arise from ganglion cells. As the postsynaptic element in sublamina 1, they received synaptic input from amacrine cells. In sublamina 5 the processes of enk-amacrine cells were presynaptic to amacrine cells, bipolar cells, and the somas of cells situated in the ganglion cell layer.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3905884 TI - A case of swine follicular lymphoma with intracytoplasmic immunoglobulin inclusions. AB - A case of swine follicular lymphoma with Russell body-type inclusions is described in a 4-year-old pig. Distinct neoplastic follicles were observed in various lymph nodes and contained many cells with Russell body-type inclusions that were positive for IgM and corresponded to dilated cisternae of the RER. Desmosome-connected dendritic reticulum cells and neoplastic cells with desmosome like structures demonstrated the germinal centre origin of this tumour. Although such cases have been reported in man, this is the first recorded case of swine follicular lymphoma showing this feature. The histological similarity of swine follicular lymphoma with Russell body-type inclusions to that of man is discussed, as is the relationship between reactive follicular hyperplasia and follicular lymphoma. PMID- 3905885 TI - Cutaneous foreign body granulomas associated with intravenous drug abuse. AB - Intravenous drug abuse is a serious medical problem in the United States. We report a new cutaneous manifestation of drug abuse: the development of foreign body granulomas. These may develop months to years after the last intravenous injection and should be considered a possible cutaneous manifestation of systemic talc granulomatosis. PMID- 3905886 TI - Exophiala jeanselmei infection in a postrenal transplant patient. AB - We report a case of Exophiala jeanselmei infection in a postrenal transplant patient. He had verrucous lesions on the thigh and abdomen in which clinical and histologic changes resembled those characteristic of chromoblastomycosis. However, the morphologic features of the fungus seen in the tissue sections made it necessary to diagnose this case as phaeohyphomycosis. The patient was treated successfully by complete excision of the lesion on the abdomen and with oral ketoconazole. PMID- 3905887 TI - Angioendotheliomatosis associated with histiocytic lymphoma. Response to systemic chemotherapy. AB - A patient with cutaneous lesions consistent histologically, ultrastructurally, and immunohistochemically with angioendotheliomatosis is described. The cutaneous lesions appeared 14 months prior to the diagnosis of histiocytic lymphoma of the retroperitoneum. Both the cutaneous lesions and the lymphoma responded well to systemic chemotherapy consisting of cyclophosphamide, hydroxydoxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone. PMID- 3905888 TI - Tribute to Shiro Kakiuchi 1929-1984. PMID- 3905890 TI - Effects of Corynebacterium bovis infection on susceptibility to major mastitis pathogens. AB - Experimental challenge procedures were used to study infectivity and virulence of Corynebacterium bovis. Challenge procedures using Staphylococcus aureus (Newbould 305) and Streptococcus agalactiae (McDonald 44) were used to study effects of Corynebacterium bovis infections on superinfection with major pathogens. Rate of infection under experimental challenge conditions was significantly greater with Corynebacterium bovis than previously observed for Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus agalactiae. Principal location of Corynebacterium bovis colonization appeared to the teat canal region, although the organism was isolated from 75% of the teat cisterns by puncture technique. Quarters with Corynebacterium bovis infections were more resistant to infection by Staphylococcus aureus than bacteriologically negative quarters. Quarters infected with Corynebacterium bacterium bovis were approximately 8.5-fold more susceptible to Streptococcus agalactiae infection than negative quarters. Somatic cell counts were doubled in negative quarters that developed Corynebacterium bovis infections; the geometric mean was 2.4 X 10(5). PMID- 3905889 TI - Inhibition of [3H]Gpp(NH)p release from human platelet membranes by GDP. AB - Previous reports have described hormone-stimulated release of radiolabeled guanine nucleotides from prelabeled membranes. In this paper, we report the inhibition by GDP of both hormone-independent and hormone-specific stimulation of [3H]Gpp(NH)p release from human platelet membranes. This inhibition was shown to be concentration specific and suggests a more complex mechanism of [3H]Gpp(NH)p release than was previously thought. A model is proposed in which guanosin triphosphates cause dissociation of the subunits of the guanine nucleotide binding protein, whereas guanosine diphosphate prevents this dissociation resulting respectively in stimulation or inhibition of the release of bound [3H]Gpp(NH)p. PMID- 3905891 TI - In vitro growth of mastitis-associated streptococci in bovine mammary secretions. AB - Cell-free, fat-free mammary secretions were tested in vitro for ability to support growth of streptococci associated with mastitis. Secretions were obtained prior to drying off, during the dry period, at calving, and during lactation from four cow treatment groups. Treatment groups were dry cow therapy, dry cow therapy and mammary glands subjected to induced inflammation 7 d post-drying-off, no dry cow therapy and no induced inflammation, no dry cow therapy but mammary glands subjected to induced inflammation. Growth of Streptococcus uberis, Streptococcus faecalis, and Streptococcus agalactiae in secretions from nonlactating glands was unaffected by induced inflammation. Growth of Streptococcus bovis was significantly inhibited in secretion obtained 14 d after induced inflammation. Dry cow therapy had no effect on streptococcal growth in secretion obtained 7 d after therapy. Streptococcal growth was greatest in secretions from involuted glands, and there was little or no evidence for growth inhibitory factors in cell free, fat-free secretions obtained during the dry period. Milk from lactating glands inhibited streptococcal growth, and the inhibitory factor was presumptively identified as lactoperoxidase. Apolactoferrin, immunoglobulin, or both had little effect on streptococcal growth. PMID- 3905892 TI - The influence of tooth preparation and crown manipulation on the mechanical retention of stainless steel crowns. AB - The belief that close adaptation of the metal margins to tooth surfaces in the undercut areas is the most important retentive feature, was borne out in this study. The type of preparation did not affect the retention of stainless steel crowns. PMID- 3905893 TI - Noise assessment and reduction in a preclinical dental laboratory. PMID- 3905894 TI - Needle basics. PMID- 3905895 TI - Low skin temperatures produced by new skin refrigerants. AB - Temperatures produced by Cryosthesia -30 degrees C, Cryosthesia -60 degrees C, and Frigiderm were measured in minipigs. Cryosthesia -60 degrees C and Cryosthesia -30 degrees C were both found to rapidly lower skin temperatures to levels that have been shown to cause cell injury, necrosis, and loss of melanocytes. Use of these agents requires extreme caution in dermabrasion. PMID- 3905896 TI - Scar revision by punch-graft transplants. AB - The use of punch grafts for the treatment of pitted acne scars has been established. The application of this technique may be expanded to include the revision of unsightly scars created by excisional and flap surgery. PMID- 3905897 TI - Occult adenocarcinoma metastatic to a skin graft donor site. AB - Internal malignancies present with metastases to the skin 0.4% of the time. Cutaneous metastases not uncommonly develop in areas of damaged skin such as radiodermatitis and surgical scars. This report involves a 78-year-old male with metastatic adenocarcinoma from an unknown primary site that presented in a split thickness skin graft donor site. This appears to be the first reported case of internal malignancy metastatic to skin altered by grafting. PMID- 3905898 TI - Surgical treatment of skin depigmentation caused by burn injuries. AB - Thin split-skin autografts of normal color were performed on depigmented skin caused by second- and third-degree burns in 32 patients. Repigmentation appeared in almost all the recipient areas soon after grafting and no depigmentation occurred again in the treated area. PMID- 3905899 TI - Fluid resuscitation of hypovolemia. PMID- 3905900 TI - Halothane treatment in life-threatening asthma. AB - We analysed the case histories of 22 patients with life threatening asthma retrospectively. Fifteen patients needed mechanical ventilation. Three patients, all of them in cardiac arrest before or at the moment of admission, died. In five patients, halothane therapy was successfully used as a last resort. No major complications occurred. Two case-reports are presented. PMID- 3905902 TI - Prostacyclin and ARDS. PMID- 3905901 TI - The wandering central venous catheter. An unusual case of catheter displacement. AB - A subclavian central venous catheter wandered spontaneously between the superior caval and the internal jugular veins. The case supports the routine of regular X ray checks for catheter position. PMID- 3905904 TI - Senator Lister Hill December 29, 1895-December 20, 1984. PMID- 3905903 TI - Comparison of electromyographic signals from different electrode placements in the palatoglossus muscle. AB - It is a general practice to insert a single electrode pair per muscle for electromyographic recording. The location of electrode insertion influences the character of the signal obtained. The objective of the experiment was to study the relationships between electromyographic signals recorded simultaneously from different locations in an anatomically simple muscle involved in speech production. Signals from three pairs of fine wire electrodes placed high, middle, and low in the palatoglossus muscle of five speakers of American English were amplified, rectified, and integrated. The data were analyzed statistically to determine the patterns of similarity and degree of independence among simultaneous signals from different sites in the muscle for a given speaker. The middle signal was most often the best, and the low signal was most often the poorest representative of the group of signals. The greatest similarity was found between the high and middle signals; next most similar were the middle and low signals. Similarity between signals varied with utterance. In some cases, the relationship between two signals varied over time. This variation may be due to change in interelectrode distance during anisometric contraction or to different motor unit firing patterns. PMID- 3905905 TI - Endodontic posts and cores. Part one--in vitro research. PMID- 3905906 TI - The presidents. Walter H. Scherer 1944-1946. PMID- 3905907 TI - Visible light bonding. A review for the clinician. PMID- 3905908 TI - Biochemical, microbiologic, and clinical comparisons between two dentifrices that contain different mixtures of sugar alcohols. AB - It has been customary to think that in a dentifrice only a few of its ingredients would be active and have clinically significant effects on dental caries, oral hygiene, and the levels of caries-inducive microorganisms or harmful plaque metabolic products. Therefore, most of the emphasis has been placed on the type of fluorine compounds, abrasives, or similar dentifrice ingredients. This study shows that such common dentifrice components as the humectants, which contribute to the texture, rheologic characteristics, and shelf life of the product, also may affect the type of dental plaque grown on the tooth surfaces between toothbrushings or during long-term neglect of toothbrushing or of oral hygiene. Commonly used humectants include sorbitol, a sugar alcohol of the hexitol type, which is used often in sugarless candies. This study showed that when sorbitol in a dentifrice was replaced by xylitol, a sugar alcohol of the pentitol type, the dental plaque of human subjects contained more ammonia and significantly less bacterial polysaccharides. It is accepted generally that ammonia neutralizes plaque acids and that bacterial polysaccharides are involved in promoting caries. Xylitol-containing dentifrice also reduced the saliva levels of S mutans. The results further indicated that if sorbitol and xylitol could be compared in a short-term dentifrice study that relied on subjective and coarse plaque determinations only, no differences between those dentifrices would be found necessarily. To demonstrate the differences between the experimental dentifrices used in this study, it was necessary to analyze specific plaque components and the salivary levels of S mutans.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3905909 TI - The accuracy of clinical parameters in detecting periodontal disease activity. AB - A review of the literature shows that, currently, no reliable clinical parameter exists either to indicate existing disease activity or to predict future periodontal deterioration. The common clinical parameters used in practice merely assess gingival status or indicate that tissue destruction has occurred earlier (Fig 9). Although many clinicians mistakenly use them as indicators of ongoing destruction, these clinical findings have more value as educational and motivational tools. More sophisticated parameters (that is, antibody tests, and subtraction radiography) are being developed, and their accuracy in identifying disease activity is being tested. These parameters differ in their degrees of accuracy and reliability and, currently, are best suited for research purposes. Quantitative plaque assessments, once shown to have a correlation with incidence of periodontal disease in study populations, have been proved recently to be inaccurate in assessing periodontal disease activity when evaluating specific individuals and sites. Qualitative assessments are more reliable in determining areas that have suffered from specific periodontal disease processes, but their accuracy in identifying ongoing deterioration is questionable. Although it generally is agreed that bacterial plaque is the cause of periodontitis, no plaque assessment to date has been reliable consistently as an indicator of existing or impending periodontal disease activity. Plaque indexes can be used to educate and motivate patients in the removal of this most important etiologic agent. Clinical gingival assessments do not indicate existing or impending periodontal disease activity with loss of attachment and, therefore, are of little value in diagnosing periodontitis. Because gingival inflammation is an undesirable deviation from health, gingival indexes are valuable as a signal to the clinician to manage these patients more closely.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3905910 TI - Dentistry on stamps. PMID- 3905912 TI - Dentistry on stamps. PMID- 3905911 TI - Fluoride mouthrinse programs in fluoridated communities. PMID- 3905913 TI - Status report on professional scaling and stain-removal devices. Council on Dental Materials, Instruments, and Equipment. PMID- 3905914 TI - Timepieces. Continuum. PMID- 3905915 TI - The heroes of yesteryear. PMID- 3905916 TI - The presidents. Sterling Vernon Mead 1946-1947. PMID- 3905917 TI - Results of a 32-month fluoride varnish study in Sherbrooke and Lac-Megantic, Canada. PMID- 3905919 TI - Retraction of two articles: Myocardial infarct size. PMID- 3905918 TI - Correlation of continuous wave Doppler velocities with cardiac catheterization gradients: an experimental model of aortic stenosis. AB - The purpose of this study was to use a canine preparation of experimental aortic stenosis to compare estimates of pressure gradient derived from continuous wave Doppler ultrasound with gradients measured directly by catheterization. Aortic stenosis was created in six mongrel dogs by placing an elastic band around the aorta. Eighty-eight different pressure gradients, ranging from 5 to 160 mm Hg, were produced by variable tightening of the aortic band. Pressure gradients were measured by micromanometer-tipped catheters placed in the left ventricle and aorta. Doppler spectral signals were simultaneously obtained using a 2.0 MHz nonimaging transducer placed directly on the surface of the ascending aorta. Doppler and pressure recordings were analyzed using a custom-designed software program to measure maximal instantaneous, mean and peak to peak gradients, as well as ejection and acceleration times. Maximal instantaneous Doppler gradient showed an excellent linear correlation with maximal instantaneous catheterization gradient (r = 0.98, SEE = 5.3 mm Hg). The correlation of Doppler-estimated maximal gradient to peak to peak catheterization gradient was also linear (r = 0.97, SEE = 6.2 mm Hg) but resulted in a systematic overestimation of pressure drop (mean overestimation = 9.0 mm Hg). Measurement of the Doppler gradient at mid-systole resulted in a more accurate correlation with the peak to peak catheterization gradient (r = 0.98, SEE = 6.1 mm Hg) and eliminated the problem of overestimation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3905920 TI - Clinical evaluation of patients with complaints related to formaldehyde exposure. AB - Formaldehyde is a very widely used chemical in our present society and one with which every physician has had a first-hand experience in his early days of training in the anatomy laboratory. The National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health lists 52 occupations that expose people to formaldehyde. In recent years, however, the increasing use of formaldehyde resins in the production of building materials such as particleboard and urea-formaldehyde foam insulation has resulted in exposures of large numbers of people in nonoccupational settings. Consumer products such as cosmetics, cigarettes, textiles, furniture, draperies, and preservatives release formaldehyde. It is present in the outdoor atmosphere from products of combustion and automobile exhaust and likewise in the home from such things as gas cooking. These more widespread and increased exposures have resulted in concern regarding potential health effects. Therefore, it is likely that physicians have or will encounter patients who wish evaluations of a present or potential health effect from formaldehyde. This article is for the purpose of providing assistance in such evaluation. PMID- 3905921 TI - Failure of sulfites to produce clinical responses in patients with systemic mastocytosis or recurrent anaphylaxis: results of a single-blind study. AB - Although sulfite sensitivity can precipitate asthma in a subpopulation of subjects with asthma, its role in precipitating anaphylaxis or as a nonspecific mast cell degranulator in systemic mastocytosis has not been examined. To evaluate critically the importance of sulfites in these diseases, eight patients with systemic mastocytosis and 25 patients with unexplained, recurrent anaphylaxis were challenged in a single-blind fashion; sodium bisulfite in capsules was administered in increasing doses of 1, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg every 30 minutes. On separate occasions a liquid suspension of 200 mg of sodium bisulfite was administered to one patient with systemic mastocytosis and nine patients with anaphylaxis. Vital signs, pulmonary function tests, plasma histamine levels, and clinical reactions were monitored. There were no observable responses in either the mastocytosis group or in 23 of 25 patients in the anaphylaxis group. Two patients in the anaphylaxis group with initial positive challenges had similar symptoms on subsequent placebo challenge. One subject with asthma and with a history suggestive of sulfite sensitivity responded to oral challenge with 5 mg of sodium bisulfite and 100 micrograms of sodium bisulfite intradermally with a dramatic reduction in FEV, requiring treatment with bronchodilators. A comparison of baseline plasma histamine levels with those obtained after the sulfite challenge procedure in each category demonstrated a significant rise (p less than 0.05) in the systemic mastocytosis group. The overall level of significance determined by applying paired sample t tests to the histamine data from all subjects was p less than 0.01.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3905922 TI - A controlled trial of real and simulated acupuncture in the management of chronic asthma. AB - In 25 patients with moderate to severe asthma, we compared the therapeutic effectiveness of classic Chinese acupuncture with that of "placebo" acupuncture administered in a randomly ordered, subject- and evaluator-blind, crossover fashion twice weekly for 4 weeks. Real and placebo acupuncture periods were each preceded and followed by 3- to 4-week periods during which no acupuncture was administered. Outcome variables consisted of the following: daily symptoms and medication use self-scored on patient diaries, spirometry and whole body plethysmography performed once weekly during the entire course of the study and repeated serially during 3 hours after real and placebo acupuncture treatment, patients' self-assessment of acute efficacy of acupuncture therapy, and physician's physical findings before and after acupuncture treatment. Two-way analysis of variance failed to reveal a significant effect of either form of acupuncture on symptoms, medication use, or lung function measurements. Similarly, no significant acute effect of acupuncture on lung function, self ratings of efficacy, or physician's physical findings was found by covariance analysis or the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. When data during the entire course of the study were examined on an individual basis by analysis of variance with repeated measures, only two subjects demonstrated significantly favorable responses to real versus placebo acupuncture, but one subject demonstrated the reverse, suggesting that these responses were not specifically related to acupuncture therapy. Thus, our findings failed to demonstrate any short- or long term benefit of acupuncture therapy in the management of moderate to severe asthma. PMID- 3905923 TI - Gender identity: some thoughts on an old concept. PMID- 3905924 TI - Day treatment for children in the United States. PMID- 3905925 TI - Linking clinical dietetic practice with educational development in Tennessee. AB - Does the setting for health care delivery affect the development of competence in clinical dietetics? A survey was conducted to compare clinical dietetic practice in hospitals and in public health agencies in Tennessee. It was found that the nature of practitioners--their demographic characteristics, credentials, and roles in practice--could not be differentiated. There was, however, a difference between groups when the high-priority counseling performance situations (problem solving encounters) were compared, suggesting that there is a difference in competence needed for clinical dietetic practice. A Delphi probe was conducted among educators and practitioners in Tennessee to identify anticipated priorities among clients' needs and problems in future counseling intervention without regard to the setting for health care delivery. In clinical education, selecting a general set of performance situations representative of practice in a variety of settings enables practitioners to develop breadth of competence. Future practitioners need to be able to modify and create roles to address societal needs and expectations in systems not yet envisioned. The articulation of dietetic and public health nutrition education programs that have a common purpose is a step in that direction. PMID- 3905926 TI - Fever and aging. AB - The pathogenesis and clinical relevance of fever is reviewed. The interrelationship between fever and other biologic responses to infection is summarized. A blunted or absent fever response to infections observed in some elderly patients may be due to defects in thermoregulation. These abnormalities in thermoregulation may include impairment of both behavioral and physiologic responses. PMID- 3905927 TI - Thoughts on old age and the welfare state. Political economy, history, and health policy. PMID- 3905928 TI - The separation of enantiomeric sugars by chromatographic methods. AB - This paper has reviewed the number of chromatographic methods by which one may determine the absolute configuration of sugars. Both indirect methods (converting the enantiomeric pair into diastereomers) and direct methods (using chiral stationary phases) have been discussed. Resolving reagents for the indirect methods include chiral hydroxy compounds, chiral amines, and chiral thiols; with subsequent separation of the diastereomers either by gas-liquid chromatography or by high pressure liquid chromatography. Direct methods discussed have exclusively utilized chiral substitution of organopolysiloxane phases for the separation of enantiomeric sugars as volatile derivatives by gas-liquid chromatography. PMID- 3905929 TI - Bilateral carotid occlusion and the sympathetic regulation of insulin secretion. AB - After a 2-min bilateral carotid arterial occlusion (BCO) in puppies, a centrally originating, sympathetic discharge takes place which increases heart rate and blood pressure. We examined the specificity of this sympathetic neural outflow by determining whether it also caused a direct neurally mediated inhibition of insulin release from the pancreas. The effects of this BCO on portal venous insulin concentrations, as well as on heart rate and blood pressure, were examined during i.v. glucose infusions of 0 (saline), 5 and 15 mg/kg X min-1. To determine changes in splanchnic blood flow and to more closely estimate pancreatic insulin secretion rates, a major vein draining the pancreas, the gastroduodenal, was catheterized. Blood flows and the amount of insulin traversing this vein per min (insulin flow rate) were followed before, during and after BCO. BCO decreased portal vein insulin concentrations during i.v. glucose infusions of 5 and 15 mg/kg X min-1, but not when saline was infused. Since bilateral splanchnicotomy altered this result little and since BCO increased blood flow and the insulin flow rate in the gastroduodenal vein, it appears that the lower portal venous insulin concentrations during BCO are secondary, not to sympathetically induced decrease in insulin secretion rates but, to dilution of pancreatic effluent blood. We conclude that while BCO causes appropriate changes in heart rate and blood pressure, this central stimulus to the sympathetic system does not provide a direct neuroendocrine reflex change in insulin secretion. BCO alters portal venous insulin concentration indirectly, and the alteration depends on the plasma glucose concentration and an enhancement in the splanchnic blood flow. PMID- 3905930 TI - The medullary cardiovascular effects of imidazolines and some GABA analogues: a review. AB - A study of the localizations and mechanisms of the hypotensive action of clonidine-like substances and GABA analogues. It is confirmed that these agents act on the ventral surface of the medulla oblongata and are involved in the central control of the cardiovascular system. Suggestions are offered relative to the development of new centrally acting antihypertensive agents. PMID- 3905931 TI - Use of the Hickman catheter for the treatment of lower extremity infections. AB - The authors discuss the use of a cuffed, Silastic catheter, which can be of great value in the reduction of morbidity when dealing with lower extremity infections. When a patient's condition demands the use of long-term antibiotic and/or aminoglyoside therapy, this indwelling central venous catheter can allow easy access to the vascular system and markedly decrease the amount of time the patient has to stay in the hospital. This form of therapy involves the patient in the treatment and displays no mortality and minimal morbidity associated with catheter placement and care. PMID- 3905933 TI - Angulation of ringed grasping instruments. AB - A modification of conventional needleholders with grasping rings is presented. It consists of providing a 30 degree angulation of the rings to the body of the instrument, 1 cm. distal to the ratchet. The net effects are ease of grasping the instrument from the tray, increased comfort for both right- and left-handed surgeons, better visibility, and increased effectiveness in encompassing more tissue deeply for better wound edge eversion. PMID- 3905932 TI - Brachymetatarsia. IV: A different surgical approach. AB - A review of the surgical alternatives available for the correction of brachymetatarsia is presented with an introduction of a different surgical approach. This involves the transplantation of a portion of the fifth metatarsal and head to the short fourth metatarsal. The results of three cases are presented with a discussion of the indications, technique, and complications. PMID- 3905934 TI - Dopamine decreases release of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone from superfused rat mediobasal hypothalamus. AB - The effects of dopamine hydrochloride (DA) on the releases of LHRH and LH were examined in a serial sequential double chamber perifusion system by perifusing the mediobasal hypothalamus including the preoptic area and/or pituitaries excised from diestrus female rats. DA, perifused at a dose of 4.2 X 10(-4) M, significantly (p less than 0.05) lowered LH secretion from the pituitary in series with the hypothalamus 40-80% below the preinfusion level, but it had no effect on LH efflux from the pituitary perifused alone. DA also significantly (p less than 0.05) reduced the LHRH level 20-40% below the initial level. Perifusion with the DA receptor blocker haloperidol at a concentration of 10(-6) M abolished the suppressive effect of DA on LH secretion. These findings indicate that DA suppressed hypothalamic LHRH release, resulting in decrease in LH secretion from the pituitary in diestrus rats. PMID- 3905935 TI - Second meeting of the European Neuroendocrine Association. Hypophysiotropic peptides in basic and clinical neuroendocrinology. Milan, October 15-17, 1985. Abstracts. PMID- 3905936 TI - [The evaluation of the risk of spontaneous abortion at various stages of pregnancy. Study of overall risk and of normal ultrasound pregnancy]. AB - The authors have studied a series of 2,292 pregnancies that were unselected and have calculated from this the risks of spontaneous abortion before the 28th week of the pregnancy that patients have when they come for ultrasonography for the first time in the pregnancy. They have been able to work out the risks of spontaneous abortion even when the ultrasound was normal for the time of pregnancy. The risks diminish as the pregnancy progresses and rise with the mother's age. PMID- 3905937 TI - Colonic lymphoma in ulcerative colitis. AB - Only rarely has lymphoma been associated with ulcerative colitis. We report a 25 year-old man with an 8-year history of ulcerative colitis, who developed diffuse large cell lymphoma (histiocytic) of the colon. We review 17 previously reported cases and discuss the risk of lymphoma, diagnostic clues, prognosis, and the evidence for a relationship between ulcerative colitis and lymphoma. PMID- 3905938 TI - Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency presenting as cryptogenic cirrhosis in adults over 50. AB - We report cirrhosis and alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency in two patients over 50 years of age who had an initial diagnosis of cryptogenic cirrhosis. Serum alpha 1 antitrypsin levels were in the homozygous range and a liver biopsy demonstrated cirrhosis with periodic acid-Schiff-positive, diastase-resistant globules in both. Red intracytoplasmic inclusion globules seen on trichrome staining in the first patient, and a decreased alpha-1 fraction on serum protein electrophoresis in the second suggested the diagnosis. We propose that the diagnosis of alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency be considered in all patients, regardless of age, and that trichrome staining be part of the routine histologic evaluation in all patients with cirrhosis of uncertain etiology. PMID- 3905939 TI - Gender and health: an update on hypotheses and evidence. PMID- 3905940 TI - Incentives and intentions in mental health policy: a comparison of the Medicaid and community mental health programs. PMID- 3905941 TI - Liver membrane antibodies. PMID- 3905942 TI - Yellow fever and the Indiana connection. An historical note about Dr. Walter Reed (1851-1902). PMID- 3905943 TI - Future payment mechanisms for hospitals and physicians. PMID- 3905945 TI - Warder Clyde Allee and the Chicago School of Animal Behavior. AB - Warder Clyde Allee, (1885-1955) was a pioneer American scientist in the fields of ecology and animal behavior. His contributions to the development of a general animal sociology are discussed, with particular attention to his concept of animal cooperation and his research in the area of dominance hierarchies. PMID- 3905946 TI - A reflection: Howard Scott Liddell, 1895-1962. AB - Howard S. Liddell, Professor of Psychobiology in the Department of Psychology at Cornell University, was one of the earliest American students and developers of I.P. Pavlov's theory of the conditioned reflex and an early researcher on stress. The significance of Liddell's work on stress was fully recognized when he was sent, as a member of a commission, to the battlefront at the height of the Korean War to study stress and self-control in the soldiers. This profound experience convinced Liddell that behavioral research must ultimately be made relevant to the understanding and elevation of human behavior. He spent the remaining ten years of his life in efforts to implement this conviction through research, writing, and lectures before scientific and lay groups. PMID- 3905947 TI - William Henry Welch and the antivivisection legislation in the District of Columbia, 1896-1900. PMID- 3905948 TI - Tsarist Russia and the bacteriological revolution. PMID- 3905949 TI - Patients behind glass walls: the history of the Chicago Municipal Contagious Disease Hospital. PMID- 3905950 TI - Coroners' inquests in colonial Massachusetts. PMID- 3905951 TI - England's earliest women doctors. PMID- 3905952 TI - The advisory jury and malpractice in 15th century London: the case of William Forest. PMID- 3905954 TI - Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 subgrouping by monoclonal antibodies--an epidemiological tool. AB - A panel of 10 monoclonal antibodies was used to subgroup 326 strains of Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1. All but two strains could be classified into three major subgroups named after their representative strains Pontiac 1, Olda and Bellingham 1. Of the 50 isolates from patients, 44 representing 32 separate incidents were of the Pontiac subgroup. This subgroup was also found in 16 of 18 buildings epidemiologically associated with Legionnaires' Disease. In contrast, strains of the Olda subgroup predominated in buildings where no infections had occurred. In 9 of the 11 incidents where isolates were available from at least one patient as well as from the suspected environmental source, the monoclonal antibody reaction patterns of strains from patients were identical to those of one or more of their environmental counterparts. PMID- 3905953 TI - Tissue distribution and biochemical properties of an ocular melanoma-associated antigen. AB - A screening method is described to select monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) that bind to ocular melanoma-associated antigens (MAAs) retained in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections. Small sections of epithelioid or spindle-cell type uveal melanomas were cut into 2 mm cubes and reembedded in one block. Microslides were cut from this block and used to screen hybridoma supernatant fluid. Using this screening method, three MAbs were selected from two separate fusions of mouse myeloma cells with spleen cells of mice immunized previously with either ocular melanoma cells obtained fresh at enucleation or cells of a cutaneous melanoma cell line. Although all three MAbs showed similar specificities, MAb8-1H showed the strongest immunohistochemical reaction and was studied further in detail. MAb8-1H bound to 91% (71/79) of the choroidal or ciliochoroidal melanomas tested, indicating a high prevalence of this antigen in uveal melanomas. The antigen defined by MAb8-1H was isolated, purified, and partially characterized as a 40,000-50,000 dalton, highly glycosylated protein rich in glycine, serine, and glutamic acid, as is typical of a mucin-type glycoprotein. PMID- 3905955 TI - Toxin production and haemagglutination in strains of Escherichia coli from diarrhoea in Brescia, Italy. AB - Two hundred and ninety-nine different strains of Escherichia coli, isolated from 172 patients with diarrhoea and 113 healthy subjects, were examined for enterotoxin, cytotoxin and haemolysin (Hly) production and for mannose-resistant haemagglutination (MRHA) and invasive properties. Three strains proved enterotoxigenic, none enteroinvasive; cytotoxin and Hly production was shown in 25 strains from patients and in 3 from controls. Ten strains produced the cytotoxic necrotizing factor (CNF), 6 released other factors which kill cell cultures. Hly production was shown in 21 strains, 9 of which were also positive for CNF. MRHA was detected in 26% of strains from diarrhoea compared with 14% of strains from healthy people. A strong association between toxin production and MRHA was demonstrated. Serotyping results showed that the strains exhibiting virulence traits mostly belonged to serogroups commonly involved in extra intestinal infections. The possible role of strains of E. coli showing one or more virulence factors as opportunistic pathogens in diarrhoeal diseases is discussed. PMID- 3905956 TI - Acquisition of genes from an O18:K1:H7 ColV+ strain of Escherichia coli renders intracranially-inoculated E. coli K12 highly virulent for chickens, ducks and guinea-pigs but not mice. AB - The virulence of intracranially-inoculated mutant forms of an O18ac:K1:H7 ColV+ strain of Escherichia coli (designated MW) that lacked different combinations of its O and K antigens and ColV, and of an E. coli K12 strain to which these characters had been transmitted was studied in mice, chickens, ducks and guinea pigs. The O18+K1+ColV+ form of MW was highly virulent for chickens and mice but the corresponding form of K12 was only highly virulent for chickens; the O18-K1 ColV- forms of both strains were of low virulence for chickens and mice. K1 was more important than O18 or ColV in determining virulence for both animal species. Ducks and guinea-pigs resembled chickens, not mice, in their response to infection with the O18+K1+ColV+form of K12. Pathogenesis studies revealed that the virulence of the forms of MW and K12 was associated with their ability to proliferate in the central nervous system; only low numbers of organisms were found in the blood and spleen of inoculated animals. The O18+K1+ColV+ form of K12 multiplied in mouse brain and in mouse blood in vitro; its multiplication in chicken blood was partially inhibited. Agglutinins to this and other forms of K12 were found in chicken serum but not in mouse serum. Large doses of mouse serum given to chickens and large doses of chicken serum given to mice did not alter the manner in which these animals responded to K12 O18+K1+ColV+ infection. Vaccination protected chickens and mice against lethal intracranial infection with the O18+K1+ColV+ forms of K12 or MW; it produced a much stronger immunity in mice against intraperitoneal challenge than against intracranial challenge. PMID- 3905957 TI - A comparison of swab and maceration methods for bacterial sampling of pig carcasses. AB - A swabbing technique was compared with an excision and maceration technique for bacteriological sampling of pig carcass skin surfaces. Total viable counts at 37 degrees C obtained by swabbing were 46% of those obtained by maceration. At 21 degrees C, swabbing gave total viable counts which were 54% of the counts obtained from excision samples. Escherichia coli counts showed wide variation with both sampling methods. Neither method was more efficient than the other in recovering E. coli, although excision sampling gave generally higher counts. Both methods were equally effective at recovering salmonellae from carcass surfaces. There was no significant difference between the methods in recovering particular Salmonella serotypes. PMID- 3905958 TI - Transferable resistance to trimethoprim in enteric pathogens isolated in Kuwait. AB - Trimethoprim resistance was seen in 14.8% of 500 strains of salmonella, 43.1% of 153 strains of shigella and 59% of 27 strains of Escherichia coli isolated from stools of patients with diarrhoea. Strains with a high level of trimethoprim resistance (MIC of much greater than 512 micrograms) were subjected to conjugal transfer. Trimethoprim resistance was plasmid-mediated in all of 42 strains of shigella and 12 strains of E. coli examined. However, 2 of the 47 strains of salmonella could not transfer their trimethoprim resistance either directly or by mobilization with the transfer factors X and delta both at 37 and 25 degrees C overnight incubation. PMID- 3905959 TI - Bacterial counts on fabrics: a comparative study of three methods. AB - One contact plate and two homogenization methods have been compared for efficiency in assessing the bacterial contamination of fabrics with high or low, natural or artificial contamination. The contact plate method resulted in considerably lower counts than any of the homogenization methods, which closely resembled one another. One of these, utilizing a Stomacher 400, was found to be more practical, and is therefore recommended for counting bacteria on fabrics. PMID- 3905960 TI - Why less severe degrees of hypertension should be treated. PMID- 3905962 TI - Jan Brod. PMID- 3905961 TI - Mild hypertension: treat patients, not populations. PMID- 3905963 TI - T killer cells play a role in allogeneic bone marrow graft rejection but not in hybrid resistance. AB - Results of recent experiments have provided compelling evidence supporting the hypothesis that the acute rejection of bone marrow transplants by allogeneic and semiallogeneic recipients is principally due to the action of natural killer (NK) cells. The observed specificity of graft rejection is likely induced by target specific antibody that guides the NK cells in an antibody-dependent cytolytic reaction resulting in the elimination of the graft. The sole involvement of NK cells in marrow graft rejection, however, is contradicted by several observations that point to the environment of specific T cells. Results presented in this paper demonstrate that in allogeneic marrow graft rejection models, T killer cells are capable of causing graft rejection provided a prior sensitization phase is allowed. Thus, mice not able to reject marrow grafts in a primary response via their NK cells will do so in a primed secondary response via their T cells. Rejection is specific in that only marrow grafts H-2 identical to the sensitizing marrow graft are rejected. Sensitization for NK cell independent marrow graft rejection can be accomplished by prior priming with allogeneic tumor cells or by injection of cloned T killer cells. In contrast to bone marrow allograft rejection, the hybrid resistance model in which F1 hybrid mice reject parental marrow grafts does not appear to induce T killer cells in vivo. Neither marrow grafts nor tumor cells prime F1 hybrids for a second-set parental graft rejection. Moreover, F1 hybrid antiparental T killer cells induced in vitro and adoptively transferred in vivo fail to transfer hybrid resistance. Therefore, there appear to be potent mechanisms acting in vivo that suppress the action or induction of F1 hybrid T killer cells specific to parental antigens. PMID- 3905964 TI - Early endotoxin tolerance is associated with alterations in bone marrow-derived macrophage precursor pools. AB - Early endotoxin tolerance has been defined as the transient period after an initial sublethal exposure to LPS during which a normally responsive individual is rendered hyporesponsive. Little is known about the cellular mechanisms that underlie this phenomenon. In this study, an early tolerance system was established by the injection of mice with 25 micrograms of E. coli K235 LPS. Maximal hyporesponsiveness in response to a challenge injection was observed 3 to 4 days after the initial injection, and normal responsiveness returned by 8 days after the initial exposure to LPS. Further experiments described herein demonstrate that the acquisition and maintenance of the tolerant state coincides temporally with an increase in the number of macrophage progenitor cells in the bone marrow. Cell-sizing profiles of the bone marrow cells from tolerized mice indicate an enrichment for a population of cells that are significantly larger than in bone marrow preparations from control mice. By density gradient sedimentation, it was shown that the denser population of cells from tolerized mice contained the increased numbers of progenitor cells, which, by cytology, were immature monocytic cell types. The increased numbers of macrophage progenitors was sustained after a second (challenge) injection of LPS. These results indicate that early endotoxin tolerance is associated with an increase in a population of bone marrow cells that is enriched for macrophage progenitors and suggests the possibility that the lack of responsiveness observed during the hyporesponsive period is related to a failure of these immature cell types to respond to LPS. PMID- 3905965 TI - The in vitro production of anti-DNA antibody by cultured peripheral blood or tonsillar lymphoid cells from normal donors and SLE patients. AB - Anti-DNA antibody responses by cultured circulating lymphocytes from SLE patients and by the tonsillar lymphoid cells of normal donors were detected and enumerated by a sensitive specific ELISA of culture supernatants, or by a hemolytic anti-DNA PFC assay. Although spontaneous IgM and IgG anti-DNA and anti-ssDNA responses were characteristic of SLE lymphocytes and spontaneous IgM anti-ssDNA responses were characteristic of tonsillar lymphocytes, the circulating lymphocytes of normal controls never produced anti-DNA antibodies spontaneously, and rarely after PWM stimulation. The anti-DNA antibody PFC response of tonsil lymphocytes correlated directly with the total number of immunoglobulin-producing cells measured by a reverse hemolytic PFC assay. Mixing experiments in which we employed cultures of comparable numbers of separately enriched autologous circulating and tonsillar B and T cells revealed that tonsillar tissue contained an enriched population of anti-DNA antibody precursor B cells and/or helper T cells. PMID- 3905966 TI - Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulates fresh human monocytes to lyse actinomycin D treated WEHI-164 target cells via increased secretion of a monokine similar to tumor necrosis factor. AB - We have studied the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on tumoricidal activity of human monocytes freshly isolated from peripheral blood. Actinomycin D-treated WEHI-164 cells were used as targets because they are NK insensitive and are lysed rapidly by monocytes in 6-hr 51Cr-release assays. Monocytes exhibited significant spontaneous activity without endotoxin. Monocytes either pretreated for 1 hr with LPS or assayed in the presence of LPS exhibited 100- to 1000-fold increased cytolytic activity. A half-maximal response was observed with 100 pg/ml LPS. Lipid A was as effective as intact LPS but required slightly higher doses. Monophosphoryl lipid A had no effect. Supernatants of monocytes cultured 5 hr contained sufficient cytolytic activity to account for levels of cytolysis mediated by monocytes directly. Doses of LPS from 10 pg/ml to 10 micrograms/ml produced parallel increases in cell-mediated and supernatant-mediated lysis. Lymphocytes did not produce cytolytic supernatants. Cytolytic activity appeared in monocyte supernatants after 30 min and peaked after 4 to 7 hr regardless of the LPS concentration; longer incubation led to a loss of activity. Cytolytic activity was heat labile and trypsin sensitive, and was recovered from Sepharose S-200 columns in a single peak with an apparent m.w. between 25,000 and 40,000. Actinomycin D or cycloheximide treatment of monocytes before the addition of LPS inhibited cytolytic monokine production. Cytolytic monokine activity was partially neutralized by specific rabbit antisera to human tumor necrosis factor (TNF). We conclude that, although fresh human monocytes exhibit spontaneous tumoricidal activity, LPS is a potent activating agent. Its stimulatory effects depend on new transcription and translation and are mediated by enhanced secretion of a cytolytic monokine similar to TNF. PMID- 3905968 TI - A solid-phase enzyme immunoassay for anti-insulin antibody in diabetes mellitus patients. AB - A solid-phase enzyme immunoassay for the measurement of anti-insulin antibodies in the sera of patients with diabetes mellitus was developed. Porcine insulin conjugated with bovine serum albumin was used for coating microtiter plates. This assay was as sensitive as the conventional radioimmunoassay. Anti-insulin antibody titers measured by the enzyme immunoassay and conventional radioimmunoassay correlated well and the correlation coefficient was 0.920, which was statistically significant (P less than 0.001). The enzyme immunoassay detected anti-insulin antibody in 23 out of 35 sera of patients with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. The present enzyme immunoassay does not require radioactive materials, is less expensive and is concluded to be practically useful. PMID- 3905967 TI - YAC-1 MHC class I variants reveal an association between decreased NK sensitivity and increased H-2 expression after interferon treatment or in vivo passage. AB - Two H-2 negative variants of the YAC-1 lymphoma were selected by mutagenization and sequential in vitro selections and compared with wild-type cells for changes in NK sensitivity and H-2 expression after interferon treatment or in vivo passage. The H-2 negative variants and the low H-2 expressor YAC-1 wild-type cells had similar NK sensitivity. However, IFN-beta or recombinant IFN-gamma pretreatments increased the H-2 expression of YAC-1 and protected them from NK lysis, whereas the H-2 variants, which remained H-2 negative, were not protected and often more sensitive to NK lysis. The H-2 variants were similarly susceptible as wild-type cells to three other cellular effects of interferon: protection from virus infection, modulation of Con A capping, and inhibition of cell proliferation. Thus, the only interferon-mediated effect that distinguished the H 2 negative variants from wild-type cells was the inability of the former to increase their H-2 expression and decrease their NK sensitivity. The wild-type YAC-1 line showed increased H-2 expression and decreased NK sensitivity after in vivo passage. In contrast, in vivo passaged H-2 variants showed no reexpression of H-2, and remained NK sensitive. The altered responses to interferon and in vivo passage were specific for loss or down-regulation of H-2, because Thy-1 loss (H-2 positive) YAC-1 variants behaved as the wild-type cells in all respects. This study supports the hypothesis that NK cells may function in vivo to eliminate host cells that fail to express H-2 after interferon stimulation during an immune response; such cells are a potential threat because they may escape recognition by T lymphocytes despite the expression of viral or tumor-associated antigens. PMID- 3905969 TI - Use of fluorodinitrobenzene to identify monoclonal antibodies which are suitable for conjugation to periodate-oxidized horseradish peroxidase. AB - During the recent development of a double antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detecting malaria sporozoites in mosquitoes it was found that a large number of potentially useful monoclonal antibodies lost their capacity for binding antigen after conjugation to periodate-oxidized horseradish peroxidase (HPO). Since HPO reacts with primary amino groups, we used a simple chemical reaction with fluorodinitrobenzene (FDNB) to determine if the loss of antigen binding was due to the requirement for unmodified primary amino groups in the binding site. FDNB-treated antibodies which reacted with antigen in an indirect fluorescent antibody assay (IFA) also yielded successful HPO-antibody conjugates. Conversely, those antibodies which did not react with antigen after treatment with FDNB failed to produce useful HPO-antibody conjugates. These data suggest that conjugation of oxidized HPO to primary amines in or near the antigen combining site yields conjugates in which the antibody is inactive. Use of FDNB to predict the suitability of antibodies for conjugation to periodate-oxidized HPO may save a considerable amount of time over randomly selecting antibodies for conjugation and testing. PMID- 3905970 TI - A simple immunoblotting method after separation of proteins in agarose gel. AB - A simple and sensitive method for immunoblotting of proteins after separation in agarose gels is described. It involves transfer of proteins onto nitrocellulose paper simply by diffusion through pressure, a transfer which only takes about 10 min. By this method we have demonstrated the existence of multiple molecular forms of the complement factors C3 and factor B in serum from 2 species, man and chicken, after electrophoretic separation in agarose. We have also demonstrated the usefulness of the method for determining the isoelectric point of proteins after isoelectric focusing in agarose. PMID- 3905971 TI - An ELISA assay efficiently detects clonal antibody formation by single, hapten specific B lymphocytes. AB - Spleen cells from non-immunized adult mice were fractionated on thin layers of fluorescein (FLU)-gelatin to yield FLU-specific B cells. These B cells were cultured either singly or in very small numbers in 10 microliter microcultures with 0.1 microgram/ml of the T cell-independent (TI) antigen FLU-E. coli lipopolysaccharide (FLU-LPS). Cultures were either filler cell-free, or supported by the addition of 10(5) CBA/N thymus cells per well. At 4-6 days, culture supernatants were assayed for the presence of anti-FLU antibody either by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or a radioimmunoassay (RIA). With the filler cell-free cultures, B cell proliferation was scored microscopically before removal of culture supernatant. The cultured cells from each well were assayed for their capacity to form directly hemolytic FLU-specific plaques. In the filler cell-free system, the ELISA was much more sensitive than the plaque assay in identifying antibody-forming cell (AFC) clones, with over 10% of fractionated B cells yielding clones secreting detectable antibody, though with a low mean optical density (OD). This value represented over 80% of the proliferating clones. In the more efficient, filler cell-supported system, the difference between the 2 read-out methods was smaller. Here, one half of the hapten-specific B cells formed AFC clones, the highest cloning efficiency yet reported for an antigen-driven system. Comparative studies showed the RIA to be only marginally more sensitive than the ELISA, and not nearly as convenient for routine use. PMID- 3905972 TI - Immunodiagnostic test for detection of serum antibody to Treponema pallidum (syphilis): fibronectin as a capture vehicle for treponemal adhesins. AB - Knowledge that Treponema pallidum adhesin proteins bind to host fibronectin (Fn) via ligand-receptor interactions has resulted in development of an ELISA for measuring specific antitreponemal antibodies in sera of syphilitic patients and infected experimental animals. As little as 50 ng of T. pallidum total protein extract added to Fn-coated wells permitted half-maximal levels of ELISA reactivity. Detection of serum antibody from intratesticularly infected rabbits occurred at dilutions greater than 1/100,000. Antibody titers in serum from patients with primary and latent syphilis were positive at 1/1 000 dilutions while serum samples from patients with secondary syphilis were reactive at 1/10,000. Furthermore, the ELISA proved useful for evaluating serum samples from individuals with other treponemal infections. Antibodies raised against the non pathogenic spirochete, T. phagedenis biotype Reiter, were non-reactive with Fn-T. pallidum complexes. Also, Reiter treponemal proteins did not bind to Fn-coated wells. This ELISA using Fn as a capture vehicle for treponemal adhesin proteins was superior to 3 other routinely used tests for syphilis diagnosis. PMID- 3905973 TI - 'Crossed immunoblotting': identification of proteins after crossed immunoelectrophoresis and electrotransfer to nitrocellulose membranes. AB - Human serum proteins or membrane proteins from human erythrocytes were separated by crossed immunoelectrophoresis in agarose gels under non-denaturating and non reducing conditions and precipitated by polyspecific antibodies against the respective protein mixtures. The separated proteins were subsequently transferred electrophoretically to nitrocellulose sheets and incubated with mouse monoclonal antibodies against individual protein species. Visualization of the complexes of antigen and monoclonal antibody on the nitrocellulose sheets was performed with peroxidase-conjugated second antibodies. The additional electroblotting step clearly improved the analytical resolution possibilities of crossed immunoelectrophoresis: crossed immunoblotting allows a straightforward identification of individual proteins in complex crossed immunoelectrophoresis patterns. At the same time separation and characterization of proteins is performed under non-denaturing conditions, which is not possible with blotting techniques based on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. PMID- 3905974 TI - Profilaggrin, a high-molecular-weight precursor of filaggrin in human epidermis and cultured keratinocytes. AB - Filaggrin is a histidine-rich matrix protein of keratinized epidermis. Filaggrin is synthesized as a high-Mr, phosphorylated precursor, profilaggrin, that is processed to form the lower-Mr product present in cornified cells. This study reports the identification of profilaggrin in human epidermis and in unusually well-differentiated cultured human keratinocytes with the use of a polyclonal antihuman filaggrin antiserum. Polyclonal antiserum raised against human filaggrin stained keratohyaline granules and stratum corneum in tissue sections of human skin. Analysis of epidermal extracts showed an immunoreactive low-Mr band (37,000), previously identified as filaggrin, and an immunoreactive high-Mr band (greater than 220,000). Both [32P] phosphate and [3H]histidine were incorporated into the high-Mr band after pulse labeling for 3 h. After a 15-h chase, [3H]histidine, but not [32P]phosphate appeared in filaggrin. Human foreskin keratinocytes cultured on a 3T3 feeder layer were unusually well differentiated. Numerous well-formed keratohyaline granules, complete desmosomes, lamellar granules, and cornified cell envelopes were observed. Immunofluorescence with antihuman filaggrin antiserum showed a granular staining pattern in the more stratified cells. Extracts of cultured cells contained a diffuse high-Mr immunoreactive band but no immunoreactive equivalent of filaggrin. These studies suggest that human skin filaggrin, like rodent filaggrin, is synthesized as a high-Mr, phosphorylated, histidine-rich precursor (profilaggrin) that is processed via posttranslational modification to filaggrin. In human keratinocyte cultures a similar high-Mr precursor is present, but evidence of processing to the lower-Mr product, filaggrin, is lacking. PMID- 3905975 TI - The occurrence of profilaggrin and its processing in cultured keratinocytes. AB - An affinity-purified antibody to rat filaggrin detects filaggrin and profilaggrin in extracts of newborn rat epidermis, and a monoclonal antibody to human filaggrin, HF-1, detects the two proteins in extracts of human epidermis. Immunohistologic studies show that HF-1 reacts with keratohyaline granules of human epidermis and those seen in cultured human keratinocytes. Immunoblotting studies have demonstrated that profilaggrin is synthesized in both cultured human keratinocytes and in a long-lived line of cultured rat keratinocytes, but only in the latter is the protein processed to a product of the molecular weight of filaggrin. PMID- 3905976 TI - Immunohistochemical analysis of antimelanoma monoclonal antibodies, with special reference to fetal tissue distribution. AB - An immunohistochemical study using 2 antihuman melanoma monoclonal antibodies designated as MoAb 225.28S and MoAb 653.40S was carried out on various human skin tumors, including malignant melanoma as well as on normal and fetal tissues by indirect immunofluorescence technique. Specific immunofluorescence was observed not only in malignant melanoma cells but also in cells of pigmented nevi, basal cell epithelioma, normal hair follicles, and some fetal tissues. Both monoclonal antibodies were revealed to be able to recognize the common antigenic determinant shared by several skin tumors, including malignant melanoma, and fetal tissues. Therefore, both monoclonal antibodies might recognize premature antigen of both melanocytic and keratinocytic cell lineage. PMID- 3905977 TI - Brazilian pemphigus foliaceus autoantibodies are pathogenic to BALB/c mice by passive transfer. AB - Brazilian pemphigus foliaceus (fogo selvagem) is a cutaneous blistering disease endemic to certain areas of South America that has distinctive epidemiologic features suggestive of an infectious disease transmitted by an insect vector. Patients with the disease have antiepithelial autoantibodies, both circulating in the serum and bound to lesional epidermis. In order to examine the possible pathogenic role of these autoantibodies, IgG from the sera of these patients was purified and injected into the peritoneum of neonatal BALB/c mice. Thirty-four of 46 mice (74%) receiving parenteral IgG fractions from these patients developed cutaneous lesions that were identical to the human disease by clinical, histologic, immunologic, and ultrastructural criteria. High-titer Brazilian pemphigus foliaceus sera produced lesions more consistently and rapidly than low titer sera. When injections were discontinued, new lesions ceased to appear and old lesions resolved. The extent of disease correlated with the titer of human antiepithelial antibodies detected in the mouse serum (z less than 0.01). Similar concentrations of IgG fractions obtained from sera of unaffected Brazilians living in endemic areas and from American donors did not induce disease when injected into littermates. These results establish that the antiepithelial autoantibodies play an important role in the pathogenesis of the cutaneous lesions in Brazilian pemphigus foliaceus. PMID- 3905978 TI - Antibiotic resistance in developing countries. PMID- 3905979 TI - Increasing resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole among isolates of Escherichia coli in developing countries. AB - Resistance of Escherichia coli to trimethoprim (TMP)-sulfamethoxazole remains at 3%-8% at many medical centers within the United States. In this study a 44% resistance rate was observed among E. coli isolated at a pediatric hospital in Santiago, Chile, and a 40% resistance rate at a general teaching hospital in Bangkok, Thailand. Most isolates were from urinary tract infections and showed high-level resistance (minimal inhibitory concentration of TMP greater than 1,000 micrograms/ml). Nineteen of 35 isolates tested transferred resistance to TMP; most cotransferred resistance to streptomycin and sulfonamides. Dihydrofolate reductase type I was detected by gene probing in 14 of 35 strains. Subsequent investigations in Brazil, Honduras, and Costa Rica revealed that this high rate of resistance was not an isolated phenomenon. PMID- 3905980 TI - Changing pattern of resistant Shiga bacillus (Shigella dysenteriae type 1) and Shigella flexneri in Bangladesh. AB - Shigella dysenteriae type 1 (Shiga bacillus) has made a dramatic comeback in Bangladesh after 10 years when Shigella flexneri was the dominant serogroup. Whereas S. flexneri showed little increase in resistance to the commonly used antimicrobial agents--namely, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) and ampicillin-over the years, S. dysenteriae type 1 underwent rapid changes with regard to sensitivity pattern during the last two years. The first TMP-SMX resistant strain of S. dysenteriae type 1 was detected in September 1982; however, by mid-1984 most strains were resistant while retaining sensitivity to ampicillin. During this period, the ratio of S. flexneri to S. dysenteriae type 1 narrowed from 0.15 to 1. Such propagation of high resistance to TMP-SMX might have been due to widespread use of the drug imported into the country in large quantities. Resistance to ampicillin is increasing rapidly, particularly in S. dysenteriae type 1. PMID- 3905982 TI - Infection with varicella-zoster virus after marrow transplantation. AB - Infection with varicella-zoster virus (VZV) occurred in 231 (16.6%) of 1,394 patients undergoing marrow transplantation in Seattle, Washington, between 1969 and 1982. The probability of VZV infection was 30% by one year after transplant. Eighty percent of infections occurred within the first nine months after transplant, and of these cases 45% had cutaneous or visceral dissemination. Twenty-three deaths were associated with VZV infection, all within the initial nine months after transplant. Postherpetic neuralgia, scarring, and bacterial superinfection were also significantly more frequent among patients with VZV in the first nine months after transplant (32%) than among patients with later infection (19%; P less than .05). By multivariate analysis, allogeneic transplant, acute or chronic graft-vs.-host disease, patient age between 10 and 29 years, diagnosis other than chronic myelogenous leukemia, and posttransplant use of antithymocyte globulin were each risk factors for VZV infection. Among infected patients, the only significant risk factor for VZV dissemination or death was acute graft-vs.-host disease (P less than .03 and P less than .0002, respectively. PMID- 3905981 TI - Rehydration and maintenance therapy of cholera patients in Jakarta: citrate-based versus bicarbonate-based oral rehydration salt solution. AB - We compared the therapeutic efficacy of a World Health Organization standard bicarbonate-based oral rehydration salt solution (BBORS) with a citrate-based oral rehydration solution (CBORS) in a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial in 130 dehydrated patients with cholera aged three to 82 years. On admission the 70 patients who received CBORS and the 60 who received BBORS were similar except that the serum CO2 content (mmol/liter) was significantly lower in the CBORS group (10.8 +/- 3.6 vs. 12.5 +/- 5.3). The incidence of vomiting postadmission (41% vs. 62%, respectively), the stool output during the first 24 hr (4,252 +/- 3,900 ml vs. 6,025 +/- 4,389 ml, respectively), and the time until the patients' conditions were considered normal (38.9 +/- 14.5 hr vs. 46.3 +/- 22.7 hr, respectively) were all significantly less in the CBORS group. The serum CO2 content increased more rapidly during the first 48 hr in the CBORS group (87% +/- 74% vs. 61% +/- 68% for the BBORS group); 23% of the patients receiving CBORS and 35% of the patients receiving BBORS were considered oral-therapy treatment failures. The results indicate that CBORS was superior to BBORS for rehydration and maintenance therapy of hospitalized cholera patients in Jakarta. PMID- 3905984 TI - High effectiveness of aerosolized chick embryo fibroblast measles vaccine in seven-month-old and older infants. AB - Neither the presence of hypertonic sugar nor the absence of 1% human albumin in the aerosolized chick embryo fibroblast (CEF) measles vaccine was previously found to be responsible for its inadequacy in infants with titers of maternal plaque-neutralizing (PN) antibody at which human diploid cell measles vaccine was immunogenic. Eight weeks after administration of CEF measles vaccine containing 1% human albumin, antibody had developed in all 10 infants 7-10 months old and all 11 children 12-35 months old but in only 26% of 23 infants 3-5 months old and 67% of 9 infants 6 months of age. Failure of antibody development was associated with prevaccination PN antibody titers of greater than or equal to 1:50 (with one exception at a titer of 1:25). The PN antibody response to CEF vaccine (diluted 1:10, approximately 10(5) pfu/ml) in infants under seven months of age (geometric mean titer [GMT], 1:421) was significantly lower (P less than .005) than in older infants (GMT, 1:1,564). At a 1:1,000 dilution of vaccine, only 50% of 10 infants 13-25 months old, 20% of 15 infants 7-10 months old, and none of 8 infants 6 months old developed antibody. PMID- 3905983 TI - Use of influenza A virus vaccines in seronegative children: live cold-adapted versus inactivated whole virus. AB - We report the safety and antigenicity of influenza A vaccines in seronegative children one to seven years of age. A natural H1N1 challenge that occurred shortly after completion of the vaccination program permitted an evaluation of efficacy. Twenty-eight subjects were inoculated with live cold-adapted (ca) influenza A/Washington/897/80 (H3N2), 29 with ca influenza A/California/10/78 (H1N1), 24 with inactivated whole-virus influenza A/Bangkok/79 (H3N2), and 30 with a placebo. The ca vaccines were well tolerated, whereas the inactivated vaccine caused adverse reactions in about one-third of the children. Fifty-seven percent of the ca H1N1 recipients showed serological responses, contrasted with 84% and 100% of subjects receiving the ca or inactivated H3N2 vaccines, respectively. None of the 16 children with induced H1N1 antibody developed clinically apparent influenza-like illness, compared with eleven of the 51 initially seronegative children who did not receive the ca H1N1 vaccine and with four of the 12 who failed to respond. Results of the efficacy field trial suggest protection against infection and symptomatic illness in children inoculated with ca H1N1, despite its failure to stimulate high levels of hemagglutinin-inhibiting antibody. PMID- 3905985 TI - Treatment of systemic mycoses with ketoconazole: in vitro susceptibilities of clinical isolates of systemic and pathogenic fungi to ketoconazole. AB - Ketoconazole was tested in vitro in three different media against 69 isolates of pathogenic fungi by using a macro-broth dilution procedure. The dimorphic systemic pathogens were highly susceptible, with most isolates of Blastomyces dermatitidis and Histoplasma capsulatum being inhibited and killed by concentrations less than or equal to 0.39 micrograms of ketoconazole/ml. Most isolates of Coccidioides immitis were also inhibited or killed by 0.39 micrograms of ketoconazole/ml; however, several were not killed by 100 micrograms/ml. Isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans and Sporothrix schenckii appeared to be less susceptible, with many isolates being resistant to less than or equal to 1.56 micrograms of ketoconazole/ml. There were 19 isolates of B. dermatitidis, C. immitis, and H. capsulatum recovered from 12 patients either during or following treatment with ketoconazole. Evidence for selection of secondary resistance to ketoconazole in these isolates was not observed. Results of these in vitro studies correlated poorly with the clinical responses to ketoconazole observed in the patients from whom the isolates were recovered. PMID- 3905986 TI - Comparative trial of ketoconazole and nystatin for prevention of fungal infection in neutropenic patients treated in a protective environment. AB - In a randomized trial we compared ketoconazole (400 mg once daily, 27 patients) and nystatin (3 X 10(6) units four times daily, 29 patients) for prevention of fungal infection in neutropenic patients undergoing marrow transplantation in a protective environment. Fewer weekly surveillance cultures contained Candida species in ketoconazole recipients than in nystatin recipients (70 [26%] of 274 vs. 151 [47%] of 322; P less than .001). When all fungi were considered, the difference in colonization was less but was still significant (117 [43%] of 274 vs. 173 [54%] of 322; P = .01), primarily due to increased colonization of the rectum with Torulopsis glabrata among ketoconazole recipients (P less than .001). No difference in the incidence of local mucosal infection was seen. Two disseminated fungal infections occurred, both in nystatin recipients. Compliance with ketoconazole was significantly better than was compliance with nystatin (96% vs. 68%; P less than .001), but similar effects on colonization were found in an analysis adjusting for compliance. Ketoconazole was better tolerated and more effective than nystatin in reducing colonization due to Candida species but was also associated with significantly increased rates of colonization with T. glabrata. PMID- 3905987 TI - Adherence of Candida to cultured vascular endothelial cells: mechanisms of attachment and endothelial cell penetration. AB - To elucidate the pathogenesis of hematogenous Candida infections, we developed an in vitro model of Candida adherence to and penetration of human endothelial cells. We enhanced or inhibited adherence in order to probe mechanisms of attachment. Adherence of Candida albicans showed a linear relation to Candida inoculum (range, 10(2)-10(5) cfu, r = .99, P less than .01) and exceeded that of less virulent Candida species and that of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (P less than .01). Candida immune serum blocked attachment (greater than 95% inhibition; P less than .001), however, this activity was abolished by immunoprecipitation of immune serum with C. albicans mannan (P less than .001) and was unaffected by immunoprecipitation with S. cerevisiae mannan or by adsorption with particulate chitin. Adherence was diminished by exposing C. albicans to heat (greater than 99% inhibition; P less than .01), UV light (98% inhibition; P less than .01), or sodium periodate (greater than 72% inhibition; P less than .01). An extract from heat-exposed C. albicans blocked adherence (greater than 51% inhibition; P less than .001). Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that viable or killed Candida organisms were attached to endothelial cells, were enveloped by membrane processes from the endothelial cell surface, and were incorporated into the endothelial cells within phagosomes. Cytochalasin B blocked incorporation without blocking surface attachment. PMID- 3905988 TI - The osmoprotective properties of urine for bacteria: the protective effect of betaine and human urine against low pH and high concentrations of electrolytes, sugars, and urea. AB - Growth of Escherichia coli was inhibited in a defined minimal medium by high concentrations of electrolytes and sugars in direct relation to their osmotic strength. Choline, betaine, proline, and human urine increased resistance to these substances. In contrast, the toxic effect of urea was not altered directly by betaine or urine, but was reduced in the presence of other osmolytes. The osmolyte protective effect was augmented by betaine. The osmoprotective effect of betaine and urine was confirmed with 40 strains of enteric bacteria. Urine from 19 healthy subjects contained osmoprotective activity greater than that observed with betaine. A methanol extract of urine was found to be highly protective. Although betaine was present in the extract, it could not account for all the protective activity. Urine contains additional low-molecular-weight osmoprotective agents. PMID- 3905989 TI - Diarrhea due to Escherichia coli O157:H7 in the infant rabbit. PMID- 3905990 TI - Association of enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis with diarrheal disease in calves. PMID- 3905991 TI - The changing pattern of resistance to ampicillin and co-trimoxazole in Shigella serotypes in Bangalore, southern India. PMID- 3905992 TI - Comparative trial of co-trimoxazole versus tetracycline-streptomycin in treating human brucellosis. PMID- 3905993 TI - [Quantitative analysis of myocardial perfusion by digital subtraction angiography]. AB - Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) has been adopted to detect ischemic myocardial areas and to quantitatively evaluate the degrees of myocardial perfusion abnormalities. Subtraction for selective coronary arteriography was performed sequentially between mask and enhanced images in the same cardiac phases by means of ECG signals. We obtained three distinct perfusion phases which we termed the arterial, capillary, and venous phases. Densitometry of the circumferential cardiac wall was performed on these sequential images. The results were compared with 201Tl myocardial scintigrams and cine angiograms. In the arterial phase, the abnormalities of the coronary artery, such as stenosis, obstruction and collaterals were represented. In the capillary phase, contrast materials served as markers of myocardial perfusion and delineated infarctions as areas of low contrast enhancement compared to the normally perfused myocardium. In the venous phase, the infarcted areas were represented as areas with greater relative contrast enhancement than that of the normal myocardium. Circumferential analysis of perfusion could provide more detailed information about myocardial ischemic areas and the degrees of ischemia. Although we used invasive selective coronary arteriography, DSA techniques have numerous merits such as excellent temporal resolution, spatial resolution, and good contrast resolution, over conventional methods. Quantitative DSA methodology which we developed provided not only anatomical information about the main coronary arteries but new information about abnormalities of peripheral myocardial perfusion. PMID- 3905994 TI - [Regional myocardial perfusion abnormality detected by digital subtraction angiography in a case of patent ductus arteriosus with coronary arterial fistulae]. AB - A 19-year-old woman with patent ductus arteriosus and increasingly severe chest pain received various examinations including exercise stress radionuclide test, which revealed hypokinesis and decreased myocardial perfusion in the apex and left ventricular dilatation. Conventional selective coronary arteriography and newly-developed ECG synchronized digital subtraction angiography (DSA) were performed to identify the genesis of her myocardial ischemia. Selective coronary arteriography revealed congenital coronary arterial fistulae in the right and left coronary arteries. The largest fistula was observed around the obtuse marginal artery terminating in the left ventricle. Although stenosis of the left circumflex and left anterior descending arteries (LAD) were not observed, the LAD appeared to be hypoplastic. Hypoplasia of the LAD and the steal phenomenon by arterial fistula could have been responsible for the myocardial ischemia in the apex, but this method did not clearly reveal the area and the degree of myocardial ischemia in the apex. Sequentially subtracted images during the arterial and capillary phases were obtained by utilizing ECG-synchronized DSA for selective coronary arteriography. For these images, densitometric analysis was adapted to the myocardial region, i.e. circumferential densitometry using 21 segments around the left ventricular wall. Decreased myocardial perfusion was clearly demonstrated in the apex in capillary phase images. Moreover, circumferential analysis provided detailed information about the area and the degree of impaired peripheral circulation in the myocardium. This analysis by DSA may prove useful for evaluating myocardial perfusion abnormalities. PMID- 3905995 TI - [On the time of cardiac aneurysm formation following acute myocardial infarction]. AB - It has been said that ventricular aneurysm is formed in the relatively late stage after the onset of acute myocardial infarction. We examined the time of its formation using digital subtraction angiography (DSA) performed immediately after infarction and at various intervals thereafter. We also examined correlations between aneurysm formation and the degree of rest after infarction, blood pressures, sites of infarction and coronary angiographic findings. The subjects consisted of 35 hospitalized patients with acute myocardial infarction. They were examined by DSA immediately, and one week and one month after their admissions. DSA was performed in the 30 degree right anterior oblique projection, and cardiac aneurysms were diagnosed by the presence of regional protrusion or of dyskinesis of the left ventricular wall on left ventriculography. The results were as follows: Cardiac aneurysms were noted in eight men and four women. The mean age was 69.2 +/- 8.1 years. Infarctions were located in the anteroseptal region (nine patients), in the broad anterior wall (two patients) and in the inferior wall (one patient). The average onset-to-admission interval was 5.6 hours in the aneurysm group, and eight hours in the aneurysm-free group. Cardiac aneurysms were demonstrated by DSA immediately after hospital admission in all 12 patients in the aneurysm group and the size did not increase appreciably with time. The peak CPK was significantly higher in the aneurysm group (3,163) than in the aneurysm-free group (1,655), but there was no group-related difference in risk factors, hypertension, the duration of rest after infarction, or coronary angiographic manifestations. Cardiac aneurysm has been considered as a late complication of myocardial infarction. Many investigators have reported that its formation begins one to four weeks after the onset of infarction with gradual protrusion. In the present study, however, the formation of aneurysms was complete at very early stages after the onset of the myocardial infarction and often encountered in patients with relatively extensive infarction. PMID- 3905996 TI - Differentiation of leukemic cell lines: a review focusing on murine erythroleukemia and human HL-60 cells. AB - Several acute leukemia cell lines respond to chemical or pharmacologic inducing agents by undergoing variable degrees of differentiation. This review focuses on the manner in which murine erythroleukemia (MEL) and HL-60 cells can be induced to differentiate into virtually fully mature erythroid cells and mature granulocytes or macrophages respectively. In this process the cells undergo irreversible "commitment" to terminal differentiation which is followed by loss of proliferative capacity and alterations in the expression of genes whose products are related to specific aspects of cell maturation in the corresponding cell pathways. PMID- 3905997 TI - Effects and interactions of epidermal growth factor, insulin, hydrocortisone, and estradiol on the cloning of human tumor cells. AB - We investigated the effects and interactions of epidermal growth factor (EGF), insulin, hydrocortisone, and estradiol on the growth of 18 freshly obtained human tumors in our human tumor stem cell assay (HTSCA) cultured at a reduced serum concentration (8.5% ml). All possible combinations of these four supplement factors were added to the assay to determine the ability of each component to enhance colony formation. We found that hydrocortisone was the most effective single supplement in stimulating colony growth in the HTSCA. Supplementation with insulin, estradiol, or both had some growth-promoting effect but not as great as hydrocortisone. Moreover, the addition of insulin, estradiol, or both often demonstrated a negative interaction with hydrocortisone. EGF supplementation alone; in dual combination with insulin, estradiol, or hydrocortisone; or in combination with estradiol and insulin in the assay did not significantly increase colony formation. However, EGF added to the cultures containing hydrocortisone with insulin and/or estradiol significantly increased colony formation and reversed the negative effect of insulin and estradiol on hydrocortisone activity. Thus, under conditions of our assay, the most effective combination in promoting colony growth contained all four factors. PMID- 3905998 TI - [Structure and function of E1A gene of adenovirus]. PMID- 3905999 TI - [Regulation of cytoskeleton mediated by cytocalbin (cytoskeleton-related calmodulin-binding protein)]. PMID- 3906000 TI - [Cell growth inhibition by prostaglandins and its action mechanism]. PMID- 3906001 TI - [Single gene mutation models of systemic lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 3906002 TI - [A fundamental study on root planing--the permeability of the dental root structures to 35S]. PMID- 3906003 TI - [A retainer for lateral maxillary expansion in maxillary osteotomy for cleft lip and palate]. PMID- 3906005 TI - Insulin binding in differentiating rat preadipocytes in culture. AB - Binding, degradation, and antilipolytic effect of insulin were studied during the differentiation of preadipocytes into unilocular adipocytes. The precursor cells were isolated from the stromal-vascular fraction of adult rat epididymal fat pads and were cultured according to methods previously described. Under appropriate conditions the cells attained full morphological maturation after 6 days. A gradual increase in insulin binding was found concomitant with the morphological development of the preadipocytes into adipocytes. This increase was due to an enhanced number of binding sites whether expressed per cell or per unit cell surface area. The presence of a high insulin concentration (1.67 micrograms/ml or 278 nM) in the culture medium did not prevent this effect. The receptor density, expressed per unit surface area, was higher in the newly developed univacuolar cells than in mature fat cells from the same rat. The increased receptor density was also reflected by a leftward shift in the dose-response curve for the antilipolytic effect of insulin. In parallel with the increased binding, insulin degradation also increased. The lipolytic response to catecholamine also showed a gradual increase with development. When expressed per unit surface area, newly formed cells exhibited a considerably greater response (approximately 3.4 times) than mature cells from the same animals. The maximal antilipolytic effect of insulin in new cells was of the same order as in old cells when the data were expressed per unit cell surface area. Thus, the data show that developing adipocyte precursors gain membrane properties similar to those of mature fat cells. This cell system may serve as a useful model for studying receptor formation and factors that regulate hormone responsiveness. PMID- 3906004 TI - Mevinolin and cholestyramine inhibit the direct synthesis of low density lipoprotein apolipoprotein B in miniature pigs. AB - Previous studies established that following simultaneous injection of 125I labeled homologous very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) and 131I-labeled homologous low density lipoproteins (LDL) into miniature pigs, a large proportion of LDL apolipoprotein B (apoB) was synthesized directly, independent of VLDL or intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL) apoB catabolism. The possibility that cholestyramine alone (a bile acid sequestrant) or in combination with mevinolin (a cholesterol synthesis inhibitor) could regulate the direct LDL apoB synthetic pathway was investigated. 125I-labeled VLDL and 131I-labeled LDL were injected into miniature pigs (n = 8) during a control period and following 18 days of cholestyramine treatment (1.0 g kg-1d-1) or following 18 days of treatment with cholestyramine and mevinolin (1.2 mg kg-1d-1). ApoB in each lipoprotein fraction was selectively precipitated using isopropanol in order to calculate specific activity. In control experiments, LDL apoB specific activity curves reached their peak values well before crossing the VLDL or IDL apoB curves. However, cholestyramine treatment resulted in LDL apoB curves reaching maximal values much closer to the point of intersection with the VLDL or IDL curves. Kinetic analyses demonstrated that cholestyramine reduced total LDL apoB flux by 33%, which was due entirely to inhibition of the LDL apoB direct synthesis pathway since VLDL derived apoB was unaffected. In addition, the LDL apoB pool size was reduced by 30% and the fractional catabolic rate of LDL apoB was increased by 16% with cholestyramine treatment. The combination of mevinolin and cholestyramine resulted in an even more marked inhibition of the direct LDL apoB synthesis pathway (by 90%), and in two animals this pathway was completely abolished. This inhibition was selective as VLDL-derived LDL apoB synthesis was not significantly different. LDL apoB pool size was reduced by 60% due primarily to the reduced synthesis as well as a 40% greater fractional removal rate. These results are consistent with the idea that cholestyramine and mevinolin increase LDL catabolism by inducing hepatic apoB, E receptors. We have now shown that the direct synthesis of LDL apoB is selectively inhibited by these two drugs. PMID- 3906006 TI - Chemical synthesis of all-trans retinoyl beta-glucuronide. AB - All-trans retinoyl fluoride reacts with the 3,6-lactone of glucuronic acid in slightly alkaline solution to give the lactone of retinoyl beta-glucuronide, along with other retinoyl glucurono-lactones, in about 60% yield. Hydrolysis of the lactone with very dilute alkali gives the free acid, retinoyl beta glucuronide, in about 80% yield. Pure all-trans retinoyl beta-glucuronide (overall yield: 20-25%) was obtained free from other isomeric and anomeric forms by reverse-phase high pressure liquid chromatography. Retinoyl beta-glucuronide was characterized by UV-visible, infrared, and 1H-NMR spectra, by elementary analysis, by mass spectra, and by its susceptibility to hydrolysis by bacterial beta-glucuronidase. PMID- 3906007 TI - Uropygiols: confirmation of structure by proton magnetic resonance. AB - Lipids were extracted from excised uropygial glands of domestic chickens and the wax diesters were isolated by preparative thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The diesters were hydrolyzed and the liberated diols were resolved by boric acid TLC into two fractions. These were investigated by proton magnetic resonance at 360 MHz of the free diols and of their acetonide derivatives. The results showed that the cis and trans acetonides, formed from the erythro and threo isomers of the diols, respectively, could be distinguished by the degree of magnetic nonequivalence of the two acetonide methyl groups in each molecule. On the presumption that the cis isomer should show the greater nonequivalence of the methyl groups, this configuration was assigned to the acetonides of these diols which had the lesser TLC mobility on boric acid/silica gel. This agrees with the assignment of configuration made by earlier workers on the basis of the relative TLC mobility of the diol isomers on boric acid/silica gel, but was contrary to a previous assignment based on gas-liquid chromatographic (GLC) retention times. We conclude that the erythro isomers of the diols are characterized by lower mobility on boric acid TLC, as well as on silica gel TLC, and form acetonides that have longer retention times on GLC, and greater nonequivalence of the acetonide methyl groups in the NMR spectrum, than do the acetonides of the threo isomers. PMID- 3906009 TI - Solitary thyroid nodules. PMID- 3906008 TI - Membrane lipid composition and cellular function. AB - Membrane fatty acid composition, phospholipid composition, and cholesterol content can be modified in many different kinds of intact mammalian cells. The modifications are extensive enough to alter membrane fluidity and affect a number of cellular functions, including carrier-mediated transport, the properties of certain membrane-bound enzymes, binding to the insulin and opiate receptors, phagocytosis, endocytosis, depolarization-dependent exocytosis, immunologic and chemotherapeutic cytotoxicity, prostaglandin production, and cell growth. The effects of lipid modification on cellular function are very complex. They often vary from one type of cell to another, and they do not exert a uniform effect on all processes in a single cell line. Therefore, it is not yet possible to make any generalizations or to predict how a given system will respond to a particular type of lipid modification. Many of the functional responses probably are caused directly by the membrane lipid structural changes, which affect either bulk lipid fluidity or specific lipid domains. The conformation or quaternary structures of certain transporters, receptors, and enzymes probably are sensitive to changes in the structure of their lipid microenvironment, leading to changes in activity. Prostaglandin production is modulated by the availability of substrate fatty acids stored in the membrane phospholipids, but the underlying chemical mechanism still involves a change in membrane lipid structure. While this is the most likely mechanism, the possibility that the membrane lipid compositional change is an independent event that occurs concurrently but is not causally related to the functional perturbations also must be considered. PMID- 3906010 TI - German constitutional doctrine in the 1920s and 1930s and pitfalls of the contemporary conception of normality in biology and medicine. AB - From the end of the First World War, a broad discussion took place within the framework of the revived German constitutional teaching on the question of the physical normality of man. The founder of the so-called statistical concept of normality, which preceded the still widespread normal (reference) interval concept, is H. Rautmann, who gave it the character of a tool for discriminating between health and disease. Among some of his successors (Bauer, Borchardt, Gunther), however, it was considered more a means of establishing a type, without supposing any precise relation between the frequency of a character in the population and the probability of the occurrence of disease. The concept of a statistical norm as a certain region of the variation range of a character determined by the parameters of Gaussian distribution was criticized both by the supporters of the ideal norm (Hildebrandt) and those who were in favour of a 'personal' norm (Grote). The underlying motifs of these three conceptions of normality influenced German constitutional doctrine until after the end of the Second World War, but without a satisfactory solution to the diagnosis of physical normality being found. Since the 1950s, world medicine has moved more and more in the direction of prevention, with the emphasis on a study of individual dispositions to disease and its precursors. In this connection a new view of health has gained importance whereby it is considered a smoothly gradated condition, not sharply distinguished from disease ('continual' model of health and disease as opposed to the previous 'alternative' model). The purpose of diagnostic characters is no longer merely to place patients in clearly defined categories as healthy or affected by one disease or another, but has taken on the function of indices of the disposition to disease among those who exhibit 'gross normality'. Discrimination between the alternative and continuous models allows a clarification to be made of the sources of the confusion in which the pre-war concept of statistical normality had found itself. Today many exceptions are known to the rule that the functional optimum lies in the region of the population mean, both for the population as a whole and for individuals; and immense variability has been found in the manner in which individuals in the population attain health.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3906011 TI - Antihypertensive and hypokalemic effects of isobutyl hydrochlorothiazide alone and in combination with spironolactone. PMID- 3906012 TI - Left bundle branch block with right axis deviation: a marker of congestive cardiomyopathy. AB - Three patients with primary congestive cardiomyopathy (COCM), complete left bundle branch block (LBBB) and right axis deviation in the standard leads are described. Review of 50 additional patients from the literature since 1950 indicates that the uncommon combination of LBBB and RAD is a marker of severe myocardial disease, especially COCM. The mechanism of production of this electrocardiographic pattern appears to be diffuse conduction system involvement in advanced myocardial disease. PMID- 3906013 TI - Comparison of glucose-induced changes in electrical activity, insulin release, lactate output and potassium permeability between normal and ob/ob mouse islets: effects of cooling. AB - A comparison has been made between the glucose-induced changes in electrical activity, insulin release, lactate output and potassium permeability in normal and ob/ob obese (Norwich strain) mice. The electrical response of the islet membrane to high glucose (22.2 mmol/l) stimulation was different in the two types of mice, generating continuous spike activity in normal but producing bursts of activity in ob/ob mouse islets. The absolute amounts of insulin and lactate produced by ob/ob islets in response to both basal and high glucose concentrations were greater than the absolute amounts produced by normal islets, though the ratio of the amount produced in high glucose concentrations to the amount produced in basal glucose concentrations was not significantly different between normal and ob/ob islets for both parameters. Glucose-induced changes in potassium permeability were smaller in ob ob than in normal mice. Cooling from 37 to 27 degrees C, during steady-state glucose stimulation, reduced both lactate output and insulin release, the temperature coefficients being similar in both types of mice. The effect of temperature reduction on electrical activity was more marked in the islets of ob/ob mice than in those of normal mice; spike frequency was unaffected in normal but reduced in ob/ob mice, whereas spike amplitude was decreased in both. Cooling-induced inhibition of potassium permeability was greater in the islets of ob/ob mice than in those of normal mice.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3906014 TI - In-vivo activity of the LH-releasing hormone pulse generator in castrated and intact male rats. AB - The in-vivo LH-releasing hormone (LHRH) output from the mediobasal hypothalamus of conscious freely moving sham-castrated, acutely castrated (immediately after castration) and long-term castrated (greater than 20 days after castration) adult male rats has been studied. Five rats in each of the three conditions were perfused for an 8-h period (11.00-19.00 h). One animal in each condition was perfused for a 24-h period. In the sham-castrated and acutely castrated, but not in the long-term castrated rats, apparently random surges of LHRH output (greater than 5.6 pmol/l), separated by periods of non-detectable activity, were observed throughout the perfusion period. The LHRH output of the long-term castrated rats was characterized by an extremely low overall mean release and markedly attenuated pulse amplitudes, with both parameters significantly lower than those of the sham-and acutely castrated rats. These results indicate that the raised blood levels of LH in long-term castrated rats do not appear to be the consequence of high amplitude and high overall release of LHRH. PMID- 3906015 TI - Endosonics in curved root canals. PMID- 3906016 TI - Penetrability of the smeared layer by a strain of Proteus vulgaris. PMID- 3906017 TI - Pulpal response to the topical application of citric acid following root planning in cats. PMID- 3906018 TI - Inhibition of complement-mediated opsonization and phagocytosis of Streptococcus pyogenes by D fragments of fibrinogen and fibrin bound to cell surface M protein. AB - The biological effects of the binding of fibrin(ogen) degradation products to M protein-bearing group A streptococci were investigated. Type 24 group A streptococci bind fibrinogen degradation products of the D family, but not fragment E. Binding appears to be mediated by M protein, since a large peptide of this molecule (pep M24) bound to fragments containing the terminal domains of the fibrinogen molecule (D, X, and Y), but not fragment E, and pep M24 inhibited the binding of digested fibrinogen to streptococcal cells. An M protein-binding site occurs on fragment D3 and, therefore, differs from several functional sites present on D1 but not D3, including the fibrin polymerization site, the two gamma chain crosslink sites, and the bindings sites for platelet fibrinogen receptor, staphylococcal clumping factor, and ionized calcium. Bound fibrinogen degradation products prevented deposition of C3 on the streptococcal cell surface, and, in consequence, prevented phagocytosis by neutrophils in nonimmune blood. The average affinity of D fragments for the streptococcal cell surface was approximately 30 times lower than that of native fibrinogen, and a terminal plasmic digest was approximately 50 times less potent in inhibiting opsonization by C3. However, physiologic concentrations of digested fibrinogen sufficed to inhibit opsonization and phagocytosis completely. Digests of crosslinked fibrin clot also inhibited opsonization, although slightly less effectively than did fibrinogen digests. The antiopsonic effect of fibrin(ogen) degradation products may be relevant to circumstances in which fibrin(ogen)olysis is occurring, e.g., exudation and suppuration. PMID- 3906020 TI - Solid phase chemistry in clinical laboratory tests: a literature review. AB - The present review attempts to summarize and discuss the systems based on solid phase chemistry reagent carriers. The development and the principles of the different systems are first discussed, followed by a survey of the literature on different analytes, and a discussion of possible sources of interference in each of the most important commercial systems. PMID- 3906019 TI - A fast-acting elastase inhibitor in human monocytes. AB - A proteinase inhibitor active against neutrophil and pancreatic elastase was detected in extracts of cultured human monocytes and the human monocyte-like cell line U937. This component forms a covalent complex with the active site of elastase; the complex is stable in boiling sodium dodecyl sulfate solution, and is susceptible to nucleophilic cleavage. The activity of the elastase inhibitor is not detected in extracts of freshly isolated monocytes, but becomes detectable when the monocytes are allowed to mature in culture, with maximum levels occurring at 5-7 d. The monocyte inhibitor is fast-acting; its reaction with 125I labeled elastase is complete in less than 1 min at 37 degrees C. Analysis by electrophoresis and studies using a heteroantiserum to alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor demonstrated that the elastase inhibitor of monocytes/U937 cells is not identical to alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor, the major elastase inhibitor of blood plasma. The extent of conversion of 125I-elastase to the 125I-elastase-inhibitor complex is proportional to the amount of U937 extract or cultured monocyte extract, indicating that this reaction can serve to quantify the elastase inhibitor. The elastase inhibitor is an abundant component in mature monocytes, with greater than or equal to 1.5 X 10(6) molecules/cell (greater than or equal to 12 micrograms per 10(8) cells, greater than 0.1% of total cell protein). Its mol wt is estimated at 50,000. Thus, the monocyte inhibitor should be classified as a putative regulator of neutrophil (and monocyte) elastase activity at inflammatory sites. This designation is based on the properties of the molecule, including its high concentration in maturing monocytes, its affinity for elastase, and its fast reaction with this enzyme. PMID- 3906021 TI - Glandular kallikrein content in tissues of diabetic and hypertensive rats measured by enzyme immunoassay. AB - The contents of glandular kallikrein in the submaxillary gland and pancreas of normal, diabetic and hypertensive rats were compared using a specific enzyme immunoassay. The kallikrein levels in the submaxillary gland and pancreas of the diabetic rats were significantly lower than those of normal rats. On the other hand, the submaxillary and pancreatic levels in hypertensive rats tended to be higher than in normal rats. PMID- 3906022 TI - Proteolysis of the zona pellucida by acrosin: the nature of the hydrolysis products. AB - Boar sperm acrosin was previously shown to hydrolyze the porcine zona pellucida in a specific and limited fashion. The action of acrosin on its presumed physiological substrate was investigated further in terms of the hydrolysis products formed. Peptide mapping experiments of zona pellucida glycoprotein families using acrosin demonstrated the formation of several products 2-4K smaller than the original susceptible families. When zona pellucida hydrolysates were examined with gel filtration, the hydrolysis products were associated in large macromolecular aggregates. These observations suggest that zona pellucida solubilization by acrosin may not be a relevant criterion for assessing acrosin's role in sperm penetration of the zona pellucida. PMID- 3906023 TI - In vivo measurements of facial tissue thicknesses in American caucasoid children. AB - Ultrasonic determinations were made of facial tissue thicknesses in 50 healthy American caucasoid children, ranging in age from 4 to 15. Twenty measurements were taken at sites along the median, right sagittal, and right lateral planes. A static scanner was used in the B-mode. Three measurements significantly increased with age, the mid-philtrum (rs = 0.43, p less than 0.01) in females, the mental sulcus (rs = 0.30, p less than 0.05) in males, and the frontal eminence (rs = 0.32, p less than 0.05) in both sexes. Moreover, 25% of the measurements, while not statistically significant, decreased with increasing age. These data provide a basis for facial reproductions in caucasoid children. PMID- 3906024 TI - Sudden death caused by embolization of trophoblast from hydatidiform mole. AB - A 16-year-old pregnant female presented to a hospital emergency room with vaginal bleeding and uterine cramping. She underwent a hysterotomy and curettage and, during the procedure, her pulse dropped from 130 to 30 beats/minute, her pO2 fell to 10 mm of mercury, and she could not be resuscitated. At autopsy, she was found to have massive pulmonary embolization of syncytiotrophoblast from a hydatidiform mole of the uterus. This is the sixth reported case of trophoblastic embolization from a hydatidiform mole ending in death. This fatal termination may occur after a period of respiratory symptoms and may occur regardless of the mode of treatment. PMID- 3906025 TI - Health Maintenance Organizations and the Medicare program. PMID- 3906026 TI - Active extrusion of potassium in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae induced by low concentrations of trifluoperazine. AB - Trifluoperazine (TFP), the antipsychotic drug, induces substantial K+ efflux, membrane hyperpolarization and inhibition of H+-ATPase in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Investigations on the mechanism of these effects revealed two different processes observed at different incubation conditions. At an acidic pH of 4.5 and an alkaline pH of 7.5, K+ efflux was accompanied by substantial proton influx which led to intracellular acidification and dissipation of delta psi formed by cation efflux. The results indicated nonspecific changes in membrane permeability. Similar results were also observed when cells were incubated at pH 5.5-6.0 with higher concentrations of TFP (above 75 microM). On the other hand, low concentrations of TFP (30-50 microM) at pH 5.5-6.0 caused marked membrane hyperpolarization and K+ efflux unaccompanied by the efflux of other cations and by H+ influx. Our experiments indicate that under these conditions K+ efflux was an active process. (1) K+ efflux proceeded only in the presence of a metabolic substrate and was inhibited by metabolic inhibitors. (2) When 0.3-0.9 mM-KCl was present in the medium at pH 6.0, the concentration of K+ within the cells (measured at the end of the incubation with TFP) was much lower than the theoretical concentration of Kin+ if the distribution of K+ between medium and cell water was at equilibrium (at zero electrochemical gradient). (3) Valinomycin decreased the net K+ efflux and decreased the membrane hyperpolarization induced by TFP, probably by increasing the flux of K+ into the cells along its electrochemical gradient. (4) Conditions which led to active K+ efflux also led to a marked decrease in cellular ATP level. The results indicate that under a specific set of conditions TFP induces translocation of K+ against its electrochemical gradient. PMID- 3906027 TI - Respiration rate, growth rate and the accumulation of streptomycin in Escherichia coli. AB - Using chemostat cultures of Escherichia coli it was possible to vary respiration rates while maintaining a constant growth rate. This allowed the effect of variations in respiration rates on the accumulation of streptomycin to be studied in cultures at constant growth rates. At a particular dilution rate cultures exhibited higher respiration rates when phosphate limited growth than when carbon limited growth. A ubiquinone-deficient strain had a lower rate of respiration at a particular dilution rate than a related ubiquinone-sufficient strain. In spite of these differences in respiratory activity, the accumulation of streptomycin was identical in carbon- and in phosphate-limited chemostat cultures of ubiquinone-deficient and ubiquinone-sufficient strains. Moreover, accumulation of streptomycin in an anaerobic chemostat culture occurred at the same rate as that in an aerobic chemostat. There was however a lag of 1.5 h before accumulation commenced in the anaerobic culture, a feature that was not apparent in the aerobic culture. These results indicate that the lower rates of respiration in slow-growing bacteria are not responsible for the decreased accumulation of streptomycin in slow-growing compared to fast-growing cultures. Moreover, it seems unlikely that quinones are involved directly (e.g. as carriers) in streptomycin accumulation, since removal of 90% of cellular ubiquinone, or replacement of ubiquinone with a structural analogue, did not affect accumulation as long as mutant and parent cultures grew at the same rate. PMID- 3906029 TI - Isolation and mapping of Escherichia coli K12 mutants defective in phenylacetate degradation. AB - Mutants of Escherichia coli K12 unable to grow on phenylacetate have been isolated and mapped. The mutations were located in the relatively 'silent' region of the E. coli K12 chromosome at min 30.4 on the genetic map, with the gene order rac pac-1 pac-2 trg. PMID- 3906028 TI - Inhibition and inactivation of glucose-phosphorylating enzymes from Saccharomyces cerevisiae by D-xylose. AB - Three glucose-phosphorylating enzymes were separated from cell-free extracts of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by hydroxylapatite chromatography. Variations in the amounts of these enzymes in cells growing on glucose and on ethanol showed that hexokinase PI was a constitutive enzyme, whereas synthesis of hexokinase PII and glucokinase were regulated by the carbon source used. Glucokinase proved to be a glucomannokinase with Km values of 0.04 mM for both glucose and mannose. D-Xylose produced an irreversible inactivation of the three glucose-phosphorylating enzymes depending on the presence or absence of ATP. Hexokinase PI inactivation required ATP, while hexokinase PII was inactivated by D-xylose without ATP in the reaction mixture. Glucokinase was protected by ATP from this inactivation. D Xylose acted as a competitive inhibitor of hexokinase PI and glucokinase and as a non-competitive inhibitor of hexokinase PII. PMID- 3906030 TI - Isolation, characterization and complementation analysis of nirB mutants of Escherichia coli deficient only in NADH-dependent nitrite reductase activity. AB - Mutants have been isolated which lack NADH-dependent nitrite reductase activity but retain NADPH-dependent sulphite reductase and formate hydrogenlyase activities. These NirB- strains synthesize cytochrome c552 and grow normally on anaerobic glycerol-fumarate plates. The defects map in a gene, nirB, which is extremely close to cysG, the gene order being crp, nirB, cysG, aroB. Complementation studies established that nirB+ and cysG+ can be expressed independently. The data strongly suggest that nirB is the structural gene for the 88 kDal NADH-dependent nitrite oxidoreductase apoprotein (EC 1.6.6.4). The nirB gene is apparently defective in the previously described nirD mutant, LCB82. The nirH mutant, LCB197, was unable to use formate as electron donor for nitrite reduction, but NADH-dependent nitrite reductase was extremely active in this strain and a normal content of cytochrome c552 was detected. Strains carrying a nirE, nirF or nirG mutation gave normal rates of nitrite reduction by glucose, formate or NADH. PMID- 3906031 TI - Lysis of Escherichia coli by beta-lactam antibiotics: deletion analysis of the role of penicillin-binding proteins 1A and 1B. AB - Deletions of the ponA and ponB genes of Escherichia coli have been constructed in vitro and recombined into the chromosome to produce strains that completely lack penicillin-binding protein 1A or penicillin-binding protein 1B. In each case a DNA fragment internal to the gene was replaced by a fragment encoding an antibiotic resistance. The ponA and ponB deletions can therefore be readily introduced into other E. coli strains by P1 transduction of the antibiotic resistance. Although the complete absence of penicillin-binding protein 1A or penicillin-binding protein 1B was tolerated, the absence of both of these proteins was shown to result in bacterial lysis. PMID- 3906032 TI - Antigenic alteration of contaminating lipopolysaccharide during extraction of Escherichia coli outer-membrane proteins from polyacrylamide gels. AB - An antiserum raised to the ferric enterobactin receptor protein of Escherichia coli, isolated from SDS-polyacrylamide gels, contained high-titre antibodies to the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of E. coli O111. This antiserum was used to show that proteins dissected from polyacrylamide gels can be contaminated with comigrating LPS at levels below those detectable by very sensitive silver staining methods. Using this antiserum it was also shown that the procedures used to extract proteins from polyacrylamide gels can alter the molecular structure and, consequently, the antigenic properties of the contaminating LPS. PMID- 3906033 TI - Enzymes of intermediary carbohydrate metabolism in Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides. AB - Cell extracts of Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma mycoides were examined for enzymes of intermediary carbohydrate metabolism using a sensitive radiochemical assay procedure. For M. mycoides, the enzyme activities detected were supporting evidence for the existence of a glycolytic pathway giving lactate anaerobically and acetate aerobically. U. urealyticum also had activities of many glycolytic enzymes. Enzymes of the pentose phosphate pathway occurred in both M. mycoides and U. urealyticum. Their presence allowed the proposal of a sequence for the synthesis from glycolytic pathway intermediates of ribose 5-phosphate, and hence phosphoribosyl diphosphate, for the synthesis of nucleotides. Pathways for the further metabolism of deoxyribose 1-phosphate and ribose 1-phosphate produced from nucleoside phosphorylase reactions operated in extracts from both organisms. PMID- 3906034 TI - The metabolism of 5'-methylthioadenosine and 5-methylthioribose 1-phosphate in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - Cordycepin sensitive mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which are permeable to 5'-deoxy-5'-methylthioadenosine (MTA), were used to study the fate of the methylthioribose carbons of this purine nucleoside. Evidence is presented for the recycling of the methylthio group and part of the ribose portion of MTA in a biosynthetic pathway which leads to the synthesis of methionine. The main pathway involves the phosphorylytic cleavage of MTA by MTA phosphorylase yielding 5 methylthioribose 1-phosphate and adenine as products. Loss of the phosphate group of 5-methylthioribose 1-phosphate, concurrent with the rearrangement of the ribose carbons, leads to the synthesis of 2-keto-4-methylthiobutyric acid. In the final step of the sequence, 2-keto-4-methylthiobutyric acid is converted to methionine via transamination. Several compounds not directly associated with the biosynthesis of methionine were also isolated. These compounds, which may arise through the degradation of intermediates in the pathway, were: 5' methylthioinosine, a deaminated catabolite of MTA; 5-methylthioribose, a result of the phosphorylysis of 5-methylthioribose 1-phosphate, and 3 methylthiopropionaldehyde, 3-methylthiopropionic acid and 2-hydroxy-4 methylthiobutyric acid, all arising from the catabolism of 2-keto-4 methylthiobutyric acid. PMID- 3906035 TI - Dimorphism in Candida albicans: contribution of mannoproteins to the architecture of yeast and mycelial cell walls. AB - Wall mannoproteins of the two (yeast and mycelial) cellular forms of Candida albicans were solubilized by different agents. Boiling in 2% (w/v) SDS was the best method, as more than 70% of the total mannoprotein was extracted. Over 40 different bands (from 15 to 80 kDal) were detected on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of this material. The residual wall mannoproteins were released after enzymic (Zymolyase and endogenous wall beta-glucanases) degradation of wall glucan, suggesting that they are covalently linked to this structural polymer. Four bands (of 160 kDal, 205 kDal and higher molecular mass) were observed in the material released from yeast walls but only the two smaller components were detected in the material obtained from mycelial walls. Moreover, the mannoproteins of high molecular mass, which are covalently linked in walls of normal cells, were not incorporated into walls of regenerating protoplasts, but non-covalently linked mannoproteins were retained from the beginning of the process. PMID- 3906036 TI - Exclusion by the IncI plasmid R144 determined by measuring DNA transfer in Escherichia coli conjugations. AB - Exclusion specified by the IncI plasmid R144 was determined by measuring the amount of donor DNA transferred to appropriate recipient cells. When recipient cells harboured an R144-derived Exc+ recombinant plasmid, the exclusion value determined in that way was comparable with the exclusion value determined by measuring the efficiency of transconjugant colony formation. When recipient cells harboured the plasmid R144drd-3, the exclusion value determined by measuring the amount of donor DNA transferred to recipient cells appeared more valid than the value determined by measuring transconjugant colony formation. PMID- 3906038 TI - Mutation affecting resistance of Escherichia coli K12 to nalidixic acid. AB - A new mutation, nalD, determining resistance of Escherichia coli to nalidixic acid (NAL) is reported. The nalD mutant described is resistant to NAL at 37 degrees C but sensitive at 30 degrees C. It is defective in penetration of NAL and glycerol through the outer membrane at 37 degrees C. The nalD mutation is located half-way between 89 and 89.5 min on the E. coli genetic map. PMID- 3906039 TI - Three immunity types of klebicins which use the cloacin DF13 receptor of Klebsiella pneumoniae. AB - We have investigated a group of bacteriocinogenic strains used in the epidemiological investigation of Klebsiella infections. Transfer of plasmids from these strains to laboratory strains allowed the identification of three klebicins which use the cloacin DF13 receptor in Klebsiella, but are of three distinct immunity types. These klebicins use the ferric-aerobactin receptor determined by ColV-K30 in Escherichia coli, which is also used by cloacin DF13. We propose to call them group A klebicins, of immunity types A1, A2 and A3. On the basis of immunity, cloacin DF13 also belongs to the klebicin A1 group. PMID- 3906037 TI - Inhibition of conjugal transfer of R plasmids by nitrofurans. AB - Nifurzide is a nitrofuran with antibacterial activity. As nitrofurans have been reported to interact with DNA, we tested the ability of nifurzide to inhibit plasmid transfer. Inhibition of plasmid transfer between Escherichia coli strains was obtained for ten plasmids belonging to nine incompatibility groups. The same effect was observed when plasmid RP4 was harboured in six different members of the Enterobacteriaceae. Inhibition depended on the reduction of the -NO2 group of nifurzide and was obtained with four other nitrofuran derivatives. PMID- 3906040 TI - Properties of wild-type strains of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli which produce colonization factor antigen II, and belong to serogroups other than O6. AB - Enterotoxigenic strains of Escherichia coli, which belonged to serogroups other than O6 and produced colonization factor antigen II, usually produced only coli surface antigen 3 (CS3) and gave weak mannose-resistant haemagglutination of bovine erythrocytes. A non-autotransferring plasmid, NTP165, from a strain of E. coli O168. H16 coded for heat-stable enterotoxin, heat-labile enterotoxin and CS antigens. The CS antigens expressed after acquisition of plasmid NTP165 depended on the recipient strain: a biotype A strain of serotype O6. H16 expressed CS1 and CS3; a biotype C strain of serotype O6. H16 expressed CS2 and CS3; strain K12 and strain E19446 of serotype O139. H28 expressed only CS3. An exceptional wild-type strain, E24377, of serotype O139. H28 produced CS1 and CS3 when isolated; a variant of E24377 which had lost the plasmid coding for CS antigens produced both CS1 and CS3 after the introduction of NTP165. PMID- 3906041 TI - The outer membrane of Treponema pallidum: biological significance and biochemical properties. AB - Rabbits infected intravenously with Treponema pallidum were not markedly febrile, and the pyrogenicity of treponeme preparations administered intravenously to rabbits was negligible. The antibiotic polymyxin B did not induce any ultrastructural changes on the treponemal surface and was not lethal (immobilizing) for T. pallidum, which was, however, highly susceptible to detergents such as SDS. Extraction of treponemes with Triton X-100 removed the outer membrane (despite the presence of Mg2+) as shown by electron microscopy, and solubilized a limited number of proteins detectable by SDS-PAGE, including a dominant antigen (47 kDal) demonstrated by immunoblotting. None of the proteins were heat-modifiable. Periodic acid-silver staining of polyacrylamide gels for carbohydrate together with protease K digestion did not demonstrate major carbohydrate components in whole treponemes, or in the Triton-soluble fraction. Surface iodination of intact treponemes revealed very little surface exposure of treponemal proteins, although a protein which co-migrated with host albumin was labelled and appeared to be associated with the treponemal surface. Many treponemal proteins were, however, labelled when iodination was done in the presence of Triton. These observations, indicate that the outer membrane of T. pallidum differs significantly from those of many Gram-negative pathogens. PMID- 3906042 TI - The involvement of cell wall expansion in the two modes of mycelium formation of Candida albicans. AB - When budding cells of Candida albicans are starved for 20 min and then diluted into fresh nutrient medium at 37 degrees C, pH 6.7, they form mycelia by two alternative modes. For cells with small buds, the bud expands apically, resulting in a transiently tapered daughter cell. With continued growth, the daughter cell tapers into an elongated mycelium. For cells with large buds, the bud completes expansion in the budding form, the mother cell and then the daughter bud evaginate, and the evaginations grow as mycelia. The present study investigates whether the temporal and spatial changes in the zones of wall expansion during bud growth are involved in the two modes of mycelium formation. Data are presented which demonstrate that the transition circumference which determines the two modes of mycelium formation and the transition circumference at which the active apical expansion zone shuts down are both 7 micron. This exact correlation suggests that starved cells with buds with a circumference of less than 7 micron form mycelia in the tapering mode due to the reactivation of the still present apical expansion zone, and that starved cells with buds with a circumference greater than 7 micron complete bud growth by general expansion due to the absence of the apical expansion zone at the time of starvation. PMID- 3906043 TI - Growth inhibition of Escherichia coli by E colicin plasmids. AB - Plasmids were isolated from E colicinogenic strains and transformed into prototrophic Escherichia coli K 12 strain DB364. Screening of E colicinogenic transformants for growth on defined medium revealed an apparent amino acid auxotrophy mediated by E4 and, to a lesser extent, E7 colicin plasmids. The auxotrophy was further investigated in E4 colicinogenic strains. From such auxotrophic transformants, denoted Pmi+ (plasmid-mediated inhibition of growth), Pmi- variants were obtained at a frequency of 3 X 10(-4) per bacterium. Plasmid loss was not detected among Pmi- clones. Isolation of E4 colicin plasmids from Pmi- clones and retransformation of strain DB364 with these plasmids showed that 40% of the plasmids were unable to inhibit growth of DB364 and were inferred to have alterations in an E4 colicin plasmid gene termed pmi. All such plasmids were indistinguishable from native E4 colicin plasmids, with respect to colicin immunity, colicin production and excretion, and sensitivity to lysis by mitomycin C. Experiments examining the nutritional basis of the plasmid-mediated auxotrophy indicated that at least seven amino acids, isoleucine, leucine, valine, arginine, methionine, serine and glycine, were involved in the auxotrophy. However, supplementation with only these seven amino acids did not completely restore growth. Assays of the activities of enzymes involved in amino acid biosynthesis in colicinogenic and non-colicinogenic strains under repressing and derepressing growth conditions suggested that E4 colicin plasmids did not repress synthesis of the implicated amino acids. PMID- 3906044 TI - Evaluation of a rapid passive hemagglutination assay for anti-rubella antibody: comparison to hemagglutination inhibition and a vaccine challenge study. AB - A rapid passive hemagglutination assay (Rubaquick) was developed that detects antibody to rubella virus in serum specimens. The test result is read visually after an incubation period of 15-30 minutes. When compared with a hemagglutination inhibition assay, the Rubaquick assay results obtained from 1,470 sera were greater than 99% specific, sensitive, and accurate. Studies of 179 paired serum specimens obtained before and 27 days after rubella vaccination showed that if antibody was detectable by the Rubaquick assay in the prevaccination specimens, the vaccine induced a secondary response consisting of increasing IgG antibody reactivity in the absence of a positive IgM response. In contrast to the positive prevaccination specimens, a negative prevaccination result was associated with IgM antibody in 98 of the 133 postvaccination specimens. Seroconversion was noted in all cases in which the prevaccination specimen was negative by the Rubaquick assay. PMID- 3906045 TI - Rat neural tissue cathepsin D: ultrastructural immunocytochemistry. AB - The cellular and subcellular localization of cathepsin D, an aspartyl endopeptidase, was investigated in the central and peripheral nervous systems of the rat by light and electron microscopic immunocytochemistry. The reaction of rabbit anti-rat brain cathepsin D within ventral cervical spinal cord, cerebellum, corpus callosum, caudate nucleus, optic nerve, trigeminal ganglion, fifth cranial nerve and sciatic nerve was localized with an indirect immunoperoxidase technique. A number of tissue processing methods were utilized, but only in tissues fixed in paraformaldehyde-lysine-periodate and sectioned at thicknesses of 25-50 micron could antibody penetration, enzyme protein immunoreactivity and intact morphology be reliably attained. Immunoreactive cathepsin D was present in lysosomes and pleomorphic dense bodies of neurons in the anterior horn of spinal cord, cerebellar Purkinje and granule cell layers, caudate nucleus and trigeminal ganglion. Lysosomal localization of cathepsin D was also documented in oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, endothelial cells and Schwann cells. Reaction product was not observed in microglia although its presence there would be expected. With these methods, reaction product was not detected in the Golgi saccules of any cell type. PMID- 3906046 TI - A preliminary compilation of cytogenetic studies and of cultured cells derived from individuals homozygous or heterozygous for ataxia-telangiectasia. PMID- 3906047 TI - Post-remission therapy in acute myeloid leukemia. PMID- 3906048 TI - Intensified induction and consolidation with or without maintenance chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia (AML): two multicenter studies of the German AML Cooperative Group. AB - In two multicenter trials, a total of 576 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) were treated and found to be evaluable. Two hundred forty-two patients were in a 1978 pilot study and 334 patients were in a 1982 randomized study. Ages were between 15 and 78 years (median, 48). The uniform remission induction therapy in both studies consisted of one to two courses of a 9-day combination of 6 thioguanine (TG) with cytosine arabinoside (ARA-C) and daunorubicin (DNR) [TAD9]. The timing and sequencing of TAD9 was designed according to cell kinetic effects of ARA-C. A complete remission (CR) was achieved in 65% (70% and 61%, respectively) of patients within a median of 33 days, and in 68% of responders after only one course. The CR rate in patients 60 to 78 years of age was 51% (66% and 39%, respectively). In the 1978 pilot study, different protocols of post remission treatment were applied at the different centers: monthly 5-day maintenance, TAD9 consolidation, both consolidation and maintenance, or no further therapy. The group receiving treatment during CR showed 24% probability of remissions at 4 years v 0% probability of remissions in the untreated group. Between the different post-remission protocols, no significant differences were observed. Remission duration was not influenced by age, WBC, or morphologic cell type, but was longer in patients achieving CR within 30 days (P = .017). In the subsequent 1982 study, 145 patients in CR were randomized for TAD9 consolidation with or without monthly maintenance. The updated life-table analysis revealed a predicted rate of continuous remission at 2 1/2 years of 30% for the maintenance and 17% for the nonmaintenance arm (P = .003). These results of response and remission duration in adult patients of all ages support the validity of intensified induction therapy and of consequent myelosuppressive treatment in remission. PMID- 3906049 TI - Leukemia in breast cancer patients following adjuvant chemotherapy or postoperative radiation: the NSABP experience. AB - Since 1971, 8,483 women with primary breast cancer participated in seven trials evaluating adjuvant chemotherapy. Leukemia occurred in only three of 2,068 patients treated by operation alone. The cumulative risk was 0.06% after 10 years in those free of metastases or a second primary tumor, and 0.27% in those with tumor. Thus, leukemia is not an important factor in the natural history of breast cancer. Five of 646 women receiving postoperative regional radiation developed leukemia, an overall risk of 1.39 +/- .49% at 10 years. Twenty-seven cases of leukemia (0.5%) and seven of myeloproliferative syndrome (0.1%) were recorded in 5,299 patients who received L-phenylalanine mustard (L-PAM)-containing regimens. The maximum cumulative risk of leukemia in chemotherapy recipients (leukemia of any type and myeloproliferative syndrome) was 1.68 +/- .33% at 10 years following operation. The risk excluding those with myeloproliferative syndrome was 1.29 +/- .28%. The risk of leukemia in patients free of metastases or a second primary was 1.11 +/- .30% at 10 years, and when combined with myeloproliferative syndrome, it was 1.54 +/- .36%; risks not significantly greater than observed following radiation (P = .58 and .29). No cases of leukemia were observed during the 2 years of chemotherapy and none have occurred after the seventh postoperative year. Comparisons with the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results tumor registries (SEER) data indicate an increased relative risk of acute myelogenous leukemia following postoperative regional radiation (P less than .01) and adjuvant chemotherapy (P less than .001). The findings indicate that hematologic disorders are side effects of both radiation and alkylating agents used in the adjuvant treatment of primary breast cancer. The risk of such events is lower than that reported following treatment of other solid tumors and hematologic malignancies by chemotherapy. The benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer exceeds the risk of leukemia. Since chemotherapy is not uniformly beneficial, efforts should be directed toward identifying responders so that only those who will benefit are exposed to the risk. PMID- 3906050 TI - Chemotherapy plus immunotherapy for patients with primary and metastatic brain tumors. AB - The authors report two clinical trials concerning chemotherapy and immunotherapy combined in the treatment of primary and metastatic brain tumors. In the first study bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) and in the second Levamisole (LMS) were utilized as immunostimulating agents. Chemotherapy was performed with BCNU or CCNU in association with surgery and/or radiotherapy. The immunological response was obtained but immunotherapy failed to demonstrate any significant effect on survival. PMID- 3906051 TI - Hevesy Nuclear Medicine Pioneer Award--1985. PMID- 3906052 TI - Effect of a high-protein diet on insulin and glucagon secretion in ventromedial hypothalamic (VMH) lesioned rats. AB - The effects of a high-protein diet on insulin and glucagon secretion in ventromedial hypothalamic (VMH) lesioned and sham-operated (sham) rats were studied in vivo as well as in perfusate from isolated pancreas. Two weeks after VMH destruction or sham operation, the rats were given either a balanced diet (protein 27%, carbohydrate 61%, fat 12%) or a high-protein diet (protein 55%, carbohydrate 30%, fat 15%) for the following 2 weeks. The calorie intake and body weight changes after the commencement of the diets were almost the same in the groups of VMH lesioned rats, but these were much greater than those in the two sham-operated groups. Fasting blood glucose, plasma insulin, and plasma glucagon concentrations were also similar between the two VMH groups, but in the sham operated rats fasting blood glucose and plasma insulin concentrations of those rats on high-protein diet were significantly increased when compared to those on balanced diet. In the isolated, perfused pancreas, an arginine-induced excess insulin and glucagon secretion was not significantly different between the VMH lesioned rats. An arginine-induced rise in insulin concentration in the sham operated rats on high-protein diet was significantly higher than for rats on balanced diet. We therefore suggest that hyperinsulinemia already produced in the VMH lesioned rats may not be influenced by the change in the composition of the dietary protein and carbohydrate. PMID- 3906053 TI - Cytogenetic studies in humans after short-term exposure to ethylene dibromide. AB - Ethylene dibromide (EDB) has been shown to increase sister chromatid exchange in animal cells in vitro, but its cytogenetic effects in humans have not been previously studied. A solution containing EDB is used in the summer months in Colorado to spray felled pine trees to kill pine beetles. We have assessed the frequencies of sister chromatid exchanges and chromosomal aberrations in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of 14 sprayers both before and after exposure. Six nonexposed individuals also were tested. Full-shift personal breathing-zone air samples indicated that the sprayers were exposed to an average of 60 ppb of EDB, as an eight-hour time weighted average. The range of exposure was from 5 to 281 ppb. Workers sprayed EDB for only five to 26 days during the summer, with an average of 14 days. After adjusting for smoking and the use of prescription medicine, there was no statistically significant difference between the frequencies of either sister chromatid exchange or chromosomal aberrations before and after spraying. PMID- 3906054 TI - Congenital toxoplasmosis. AB - Infection with Toxoplasma gondii, which occurs in both men and women, is usually subclinical and benign. Infection during pregnancy, however, may be a serious and even life-threatening event for the fetus. Antenatal education should focus on avoidance of contact with the sources of infection: the domestic cat and raw or rare meats. A review of toxoplasmosis is presented, and means for its primary prevention through antenatal education are outlined. PMID- 3906056 TI - Leaders in medicine. William W. Rucks, Jr., MD. PMID- 3906055 TI - Premenstrual tension syndrome. AB - The premenstrual syndrome is discussed in relation to prevalence, symptomatology, severity, and time course. Methodologic problems common to the study of the menstrual cycle are presented. The research on psychologic and physiologic etiologies is reviewed, and results of studies on various treatment modes are discussed. Newer theories suggesting a combined psychophysiologic etiology and concomitant nonpharmaceutical treatment modes encompassing self-care and stress management skills are included. PMID- 3906057 TI - Osteoinduction in young and old rats using demineralized bone powder allografts. AB - The process of inducing differentiated and undifferentiated cells to become osteogenic using demineralized bone powder (DBP) is a well-known phenomenon in developmental biology. The aim of this study was to examine whether age has an effect on the process of bone induction. DBP was implanted in the subcutaneous thoracic tissue of young rats (28-56 days) and old rats (14 months or older), and the animals were examined seven, 12, 20, and 60 days after implantation. The amount of newly induced bone in the implant was quantitatively measured using histomorphometry and 45Ca uptake. Undecalcified and decalcified specimens were processed for histologic examination using several stains that demonstrate osteoid. Both the young rats and the old rats formed bone in response to the DBP implants. In old animals the induced bone appeared to be less in quantity, it formed at a slower rate, and it exhibited less bone marrow cellularity than did the bone in young animals. PMID- 3906058 TI - A comparison of freeze-dried allogeneic and fresh autologous vascularized rib grafts in dog radial discontinuity defects. AB - The limitations of autologous vascularized grafts include morbidity at the donor site and the increased surgical time associated with graft retrieval. To overcome these limitations, freeze-dried allogeneic and fresh autologous vascularized rib grafts were compared in 6-cm mid-radial defects of dogs. There was no statistically significant difference between the two graft systems when postoperative radiographs, in vivo intraarterial angiograms, and histologic evaluation of vessel patency were compared. However, clinical assessment of graft stability favored the autologous grafts, and force deflection tests revealed that the freeze-dried grafts had only 64% of the graft strength of the fresh autologous grafts at the end of the experiment at 26 weeks. PMID- 3906059 TI - The relationship between blood ordered and blood administered in orthognathic surgery: a retrospective study. AB - A retrospective study was performed to determine the appropriateness and efficiency of preoperative blood ordering practices in orthognathic surgery. Results obtained showed that preoperative blood typing and crossmatching should be performed on patients who will be receiving combined maxillary and mandibular osteotomies with iliac crest grafts. Patients receiving all other types of osteotomies should have only preoperative blood typing and screening. This will serve to reduce cost to the patient, blood wastage, and the laboratory work load. PMID- 3906060 TI - Total mandibular replacement in a patient with Hand-Schuller-Christian disease. AB - An unusual case of mandibular agnathia due to Hand-Schuller-Christian disease reconstructed using a combination of a titanium mandibular appliance and autologous corticocancellous bone is reported. PMID- 3906061 TI - An evaluation of crowns and bridges in a general dental practice. AB - In this article the results are presented of an evaluation of crowns and bridges in a general practice. The study includes 601 solitary crowns, 213 crowns on bridge abutments and 103 crowns on RPD abutments. In total eighty-four bridges were examined. All these restorations were constructed during a period of 11.5 years. By means of the Kaplan-Meier method a prognosis is given of the life span of the different solitary crown-types over periods between 1 and 11 years. The total amount of failures and follow-up treatments on bridge and RPD abutments was very small. The authors also examined whether the bridges were constructed according Ante's law. A follow-up of this study in other Dutch general practices in combination with experimental clinical trials is under way. PMID- 3906062 TI - Bone grafting: role of histocompatibility in transplantation. AB - The role of histocompatibility matching in bone allografting was studied in two canine bone graft models. In a cancellous ulnar segmental replacement model, frozen bone allografts exchanged between closely matched dogs were significantly better incorporated by radiographic and histologic criteria than were strongly incompatible grafts. Frozen allografts from disparate donors in recipients receiving immunosuppression appeared indistinguishable 6 months later from those in the untreated closely matched groups and from fresh autografts. Fresh vascularized orthotopically placed fibular bone grafts were evaluated by quantitative blood flow assessment, microangiography, and fluorochrome histomorphometry. Revascularized grafts exchanged between untreated closely matched dogs demonstrated preservation of blood flow and a pattern of repair that was delayed but not otherwise different than vascularized autografts. These results suggest that fresh vascularized grafts in the judiciously matched or immunosuppressed recipient offer attractive clinical possibilities. PMID- 3906063 TI - Bovine xenograft collateral ligament replacement in the dog. AB - A study of the use of glutaraldehyde-stabilized bovine xenograft material as a collateral ligament replacement in 16 dogs has been done. Six xenograft implant complexes harvested 4 months postoperatively failed in tension at 772.2 +/- 463.5 versus 799.7 +/- 162.7 N (+/- 1 SD) for controls (p greater than 0.05, paired t test). Histologic evaluation in 10 dogs after implants of up to 1 year duration demonstrated a progressive invasion of the xenograft by host tissues. Xenograft remnants were easily identifiable at 1 year. The host tissues invaded in parallel to the passive collagen scaffolding of the xenograft and consisted of vessels and fibroblastic elements that produced collagen of host origin. PMID- 3906064 TI - [Ultrasonic tissue characterization of parotid tumors--measurement of the velocity of ultrasound in parotid tumors in vivo--relationship between ultrasonic properties and tissue constituents]. PMID- 3906065 TI - Hepatic sinusoidal macrophages in alcoholic liver disease. AB - Lysozyme is a bacteriocidal enzyme which is a major stable secretory product of mononuclear phagocytes, including hepatic sinusoidal macrophages (HSM), and serves as a good marker for these cells. Patients with alcoholic liver disease (ALD) have decreased HSM function which is reflected in reduced clearance of microorganisms and endotoxin derived from the gut. The HSM population in 54 liver biopsies from patients with ALD was studied using immunoperoxidase staining of lysozyme and was compared with 15 histologically normal controls. In both groups lysozyme positive HSM were more numerous in periportal than perivenous parenchyma. In each zone there were significantly fewer positive HSM in cases of ALD than in controls, in alcoholic hepatitis than in ALD without hepatitis, and in cirrhosis than in ALD without cirrhosis. These findings suggest a decreased population of functionally active HSM in ALD which correlates with severity of liver damage. This might be due to decreased lysozyme content of the entire HSM population or to the existence of two populations, one positive and one negative for lysozyme. The observed decrease in HSM function explains many of the phenomena observed in ALD. PMID- 3906066 TI - Concomitant immunohistochemical localization of fibronectin and collagen in schistosome granulomata. AB - Affinity purified antibodies to human collagen type I and III and antihuman fibronectin, were employed immunohistochemically on formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded human tissue containing schistosome granulomata. The distribution of the three connective tissue proteins was studied in 45 biopsies in which there was Schistosoma haematobium (30) and Schistosoma mansoni (15) infestation. The granulomata were divided into early, intermediate and late according to the proportion of inflammatory cell types and the degree of fibrous tissue deposition. Only fibronectin was detected in the early granuloma where macrophages are the main cell type. In the intermediate granuloma both fibronectin and collagen type III were localized along reticulin positive fibres; spindle cells, (presumptive fibroblasts) and macrophages were the cell types present at this stage. Collagen type I was mainly localized in the late granuloma. Hyalinized connective tissue was negative for the three proteins. The loose connective tissue and walls of blood vessels were constantly stained for fibronectin and collagen type III in normal areas distant from granulomata. These results raise the possibility of using localization of fibronectin and collagen as a means to stage the duration of chronic fibrotic diseases. PMID- 3906068 TI - A convenient method for in situ processing of cultured cells for cytochemical localization by electron microscopy. AB - The effects of various exogenous agents on subcellular structures is of importance to many investigators and can be critically evaluated by the use of cytochemical techniques and transmission electron microscopy. Therefore various cell culture techniques have become increasingly important in biological research in order to help determine these effects. Presently, most existing methods for processing anchorage-dependent cultures for electron microscopy utilize cells grown on either glass or plastic substrates. Therefore various coating substances have been applied to the culture surfaces to facilitate removal of the sample, however, incomplete separation and sample fracture often results. Here we present a simple method of in situ processing of samples for electron microscopy involving the use of detachable chamber slides. This method allows for the use of a quick processing procedure that results in a complete separation of the sample from the glass slide. PMID- 3906067 TI - Uptake and disposal of BSA-coated latex particles by the rat mesangium: reaction with subsequently administered heterologous antiserum. AB - Mesangial uptake and disposal of antigen-coated latex particles and the ability of subsequently injected antibody to maintain complexed antigen in the rat mesangium has been investigated. Carboxylate-modified latex particles, coated with bovine albumin (BSA) were injected i.v. to 36 Wistar rats. Twenty-two rats (group 1) were not treated further. Fourteen rats (group 2) received rabbit anti BSA antiserum i.v. and i.p. 24 h later. Control groups were injected with uncoated, unmodified latex particles or soluble BSA with and without subsequent antibody administration. Latex was present in the mesangial matrix of rats in group 1 at 1 h in association with a diffuse mesangial distribution of BSA. At 24 h, BSA staining was markedly reduced and extracellular latex was no longer observed. Intracellular latex aggregates were present in experimental and control groups at 24 h-14 days in cytoplasmic vacuoles of hypertrophic mesangium which showed minor infiltration by macrophage-like cells. Progressive removal of latex aggregates coincided with declining mesangial reactivity. Rapid disappearance of antigen apparently results from local degradation of tracer in the mesangium. Antibody administration preserves BSA in the mesangium due to immune complex formation and is associated with retention of ingested latex by mesangial cells. However, efficient disposal of glomerular immune deposits by the mesangium appears to minimize infiltration by monocytes and prevents aggravation of glomerular inflammation. PMID- 3906069 TI - Perinatal galactose metabolism. AB - Galactose is a major nutrient in normal newborn infants and serves as a substrate for energy production and fuel storage and a regulator of carbohydrate assimilation. Inborn errors of galactose metabolism have contributed to our understanding of the potential toxicity of this carbohydrate. In addition to the classic acute manifestations of neonatal galactosemia, long-term follow-up of surviving patients have revealed unusual neurodevelopmental and reproductive problems. Many investigators have suggested that the newborn infant can utilize galactose better than adults and that neonatal galactose assimilation exceeds that of glucose. Galactose may be an excellent substitute for glucose among hyperinsulinemic infants of diabetic mothers or premature infants with glucose intolerance. However, until further investigations are performed to define the role of galactose in newborn nutrition and to determine its potential toxicity, galactose should not be used as the primary carbohydrate in sick newborn infants. PMID- 3906070 TI - Preventing low birth weight: a pediatric perspective. PMID- 3906071 TI - Are all recurrences of "pure" Sydenham chorea true recurrences of acute rheumatic fever? AB - We are conducting prospective studies of patients in Santiago, Chile, who have had an attack of rheumatic fever and are receiving continuous secondary prophylaxis with monthly injections of benzathine penicillin G. Throat cultures are obtained just prior to injection each month, and serum antistreptococcal antibody titers (antistreptolysin O and antideoxyribonuclease B) are performed at least every 3 months. During the course of these studies we have observed 17 recurrences of "pure" chorea in 10 patients (six girls). In four recurrences the timing of serologic studies and onset of chorea appeared to exclude the occurrence of an immunologically significant group A streptococcal infection within the preceding 6 to 9 months. In one case the period of serologic follow-up was too brief to allow a definite determination. In the remaining 12 recurrences serologic evidence was suggestive or confirmatory of recent streptococcal infection; however, in several instances the titer elevations were quite modest. Our data suggest that in certain chorea-prone patients, Sydenham chorea may recur after streptococcal infections too weak and transient to be readily detectable or, alternatively, after stimuli other than streptococcal infection. PMID- 3906072 TI - Diabetes insipidus in children. IV. A possible autoimmune type with vasopressin cell antibodies. PMID- 3906073 TI - Randomized indomethacin trial for prevention of intraventricular hemorrhage in very low birth weight infants. AB - We admitted 48 preterm neonates (600 to 1250 gm birth weight, normal 6-hour echoencephalograms) to a randomized prospective indomethacin or placebo trial for the prevention of neonatal intraventricular hemorrhage. Beginning at 6 postnatal hours, indomethacin or placebo was administered intravenously every 12 hours for a total of five doses. Cardiac ultrasound studies to assess the status of the ductus arteriosus were performed at 6 postnatal hours and on day 5. Urinary output, serum electrolytes, and renal and clotting functions were monitored. No differences in birth weight, gestational age, Apgar scores, or ventilatory needs were noted between the two groups. Six infants given indomethacin had intraventricular hemorrhage, compared to 14 control infants (P = 0.02). The indomethacin-treated group had significant decreases in serum prostaglandin values 30 hours after the initiation of therapy. The overall incidence of patent ductus arteriosus was 82% at 6 postnatal hours; 84% of the indomethacin-treated infants experienced closure of the ductus, compared to 60% of the placebo-treated patients. Closure of the ductus was not related to incidence of intraventricular hemorrhage. We speculate that indomethacin may provide some protection against neonatal intraventricular hemorrhage by acting on the cerebral microvasculature. PMID- 3906074 TI - Prostacyclin in the treatment of neonatal pulmonary hypertension. PMID- 3906075 TI - Disaccharidases of small-intestinal mucosa. PMID- 3906076 TI - Toxicity mechanisms of wheat and other cereals in celiac disease and related enteropathies. AB - This paper is a critical appraisal of current theories on the mechanisms of toxicity of wheat and other cereals in celiac disease and some related enteropathies. The "peptidase deficiency," "primary immune defect," and "gluten lectin" theories on celiac disease are examined and critically discussed on the basis of the relevant data available in 88 references. Special attention has been paid in this review to the nature of the cereal components triggering the appearance of toxic symptoms and signs in celiac disease as well as to underlying action mechanisms. The gluten-lectin theory is the one best able to explain, in addition to celiac disease, some secondary intolerances that may occur in temporarily predisposed individuals as a consequence of several causes, including viral hepatitis and intestinal infections, as well as the occurrence of intestinal lesions in healthy subjects administered very high amounts of gluten. PMID- 3906077 TI - Participation of pancreatic enzymes in the degradation of intestinal sucrase isomaltase. AB - The pancreatic ducts of the rats were bypassed with a catheter placed within the common bile duct to prevent the entry of pancreatic enzymes into the duodenum without interrupting bile flow. For 8 days, the animals were fed a diet (peptones, sucrose, coconut oil, vitamins, and minerals) that could be digested without pancreatic enzymes. Control animals were sham operated and pair-fed with the same diet. Relative rates of synthesis and degradation were estimated by pulse labeling and double labeling, respectively, for sucrase and for total protein, in intestinal mucosa and along the gradient of cells collected from the tip of the villus to the bottom of the crypt. The rate of degradation of sucrase was 1.7 times greater than that of total protein in controls, whereas in animals with the pancreatic bypass it was equal to that of total protein. This decrease in rate of degradation produced a proportional increase of activity of sucrase in experimental animals. The hydrolytic effect of pancreatic enzymes on sucrase was apparent along the entire length of the villus but not in the crypt. These data support the hypothesis that pancreatic proteases release sucrase-isomaltase from the brush border membrane, resulting in the observed increase of the rate of degradation. Electrophoretic separation of immunoprecipitated sucrase-isomaltase showed that the intact pro-sucrase-isomaltase observed in operated animals is split into two subunits (sucrase and isomaltase) by action of pancreatic proteases in control animals. PMID- 3906079 TI - Effect of a B cell mitogen extracted from a fungus Peziza vesiculosa on antibody production in mice. AB - The effect of Vesiculogen (a hot-water extracted B cell mitogen from Peziza vesiculosa) on antibody production in mouse spleens was studied. The number of plaque-forming cells (PFC) elicited by injection with Vesiculogen and/or 2,4,6 trinitrophenyl substituted sheep red blood cells (TNP-SRBC) were comparatively assayed. In the mice injected with 100 micrograms of Vesiculogen (i.p.), an obvious increase in the numbers of anti-SRBC and anti-TNP SRBC PEC in spleens was observed after 2 d of injection, and the numbers of PFC reached a maximum on day 3. Injections to 1-1000 micrograms of Vesiculogen were effective. This effect was shown when Vesiculogen was administered by i.p. or i.v. injections. In some cases, the numbers of PFC in mice injected with Vesiculogen and antigen exceeded the sum of each number of PFC elicited by polyclonal B cell activation activity of Vesiculogen and by antigenic stimulation of TNP-SRBC. Pretreatment with Vesiculogen within 4 d before immunization markedly reduced the PFC response. These results suggest that the effect of Vesiculogen on antibody response in mice attributes to its activities as a polyclonal B cell activator and adjuvant. PMID- 3906078 TI - Effect of lectins on the activity of brush border membrane-bound enzymes of rat small intestine. AB - Highly purified microvillus membrane vesicles isolated from rat small intestine were enriched in sucrase, maltase, and aminopeptidase activities. Approximately 90-95% of each enzyme was released from the membrane fraction by treatment with detergent (Triton X-100) and sonication. Using untreated and solubilized preparations, the effect of lectin binding on the activity of each of the three enzymes was measured. It was observed that wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) and phytohemagglutinin (PHA) dramatically enhanced the activity of membrane-bound maltase but had much less effect on the detergent solubilized enzyme. Under the same conditions aminopeptidase activity was inhibited by WGA and PHA while sucrase activity was not affected. These alterations in enzyme activity occurred at lectin concentrations that also precipitated each solubilized enzyme from solution. Inhibitory sugars prevented the alterations in enzyme activity suggesting that the effect is due to the binding of lectin to specific carbohydrate structures. Enhancement of membrane-bound maltase activity by WGA and PHA was shown to be temperature dependent indicating that the lipid environment of the microvillus membrane may play a role in mediating the lectin effect. A kinetic analysis of the changes in maltase activity induced by these two lectins was due solely to an increase in Vmax. Two other lectins used in this study (concanavalin A and Ricinus communis agglutinin) did not readily precipitate the enzymes in question or alter their activity. These results show that binding of lectins to brush border membranes can induce variable changes in the activity of several membrane associated hydrolases, and suggest that similar changes may occur in vivo in the presence of dietary lectin. PMID- 3906080 TI - Effects of tinoridine on lipid peroxidation and renin release in the rat renin granule fraction. AB - This study was carried out to investigate the effect of tinoridine (2-amino-3 ethoxycarbonyl-6-benzyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c] pyridine), a non steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, on the lipid peroxidation and renin release in the renin granule fraction. The renin granule fraction was prepared from the kidney cortex homogenate by a discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Incubation of this fraction at 37 degrees C resulted in an increase in lipid peroxide formation, accompanied by increased release of renin from the granules. When the renin granule fraction was incubated with 50 microM tinoridine at 37 degrees C, lipid peroxide formation in this fraction was completely inhibited. Simultaneously, the rate of renin release from the granules was significantly suppressed. Tinoridine, at concentrations from 5 microM up to 100 microM, produced a concentration-dependent inhibition on the simultaneous increases in lipid peroxide formation and renin release induced by 50 microM ascorbic acid in the renin granule fraction. On the other hand, indomethacin, hydrocortisone and prednisolone, which had no ability to inhibit the lipid peroxidation in the renin granule fraction, did not influence the release of renin from the granules. These results suggest that tinoridine suppresses renin release by inhibiting the oxidative disintegration of membranes of renin granules. PMID- 3906081 TI - Aluminum metabolism and toxicity in renal failure: a review. PMID- 3906082 TI - Liposome-collagen gel matrix: a novel sustained drug delivery system. AB - This report describes the properties of a novel sustained-release drug delivery system comprising liposomes sequestered in a collagen gel. Two peptide hormones, insulin and growth hormone encapsulated in vesicles sequestered within the matrix, are slowly released into the circulation from either an intramuscular or subcutaneous injection site. A maximum 3-5-d release for insulin or a 14-d growth hormone release was observed. Enhanced sequestration of liposomes with the collagen can be achieved by modifying the liposome surface with fibronectin. The liposome gel delivery system appears to offer several advantages over other liposome formulations or gel formulations constructed only with free drug. PMID- 3906083 TI - Drug absorption from inhalation aerosols administered by positive-pressure ventilation. I: Administration of a characterized, solid disodium fluorescein aerosol under a controlled respiratory regime to the beagle dog. AB - An apparatus and novel method is described for administration of well characterized inhalation aerosols, under strictly controlled respiratory regimes, direct to the respiratory tract (RT) of the beagle dog by positive-pressure ventilation. The method enables the study of systemic absorption kinetics of compounds delivered as inhalation aerosols as a function of the aerosol particle size and respiratory variables provided their intrinsic pharmacokinetics are linear. Aerosol characteristics are determined by sampling the aerosol at a point close to its entry to the endotracheally intubated animal. The chosen positive pressure ventilatory regime, which is monitored as airway pressure and exhaled volume versus time, can be held constant for the aerosol administration period. The methodology is illustrated by administration of a solid polydispersed aerosol of disodium fluorescein. Resultant plasma concentrations (C) were determined as a function of time by sampling from an indwelling venous cannula. The pharmacokinetic analysis of resultant C versus time data, together with that from an intravenous control experiment, is described to determine the amount absorbed as a function of time. Following aerosol administration according to the chosen respiratory regime, fluorescein was rapidly absorbed from the RT. The methodology will enable systematic variation of the particle size and positive-pressure respiratory regime in order to determine effects on drug absorption kinetics. PMID- 3906085 TI - Considerations in topical hemostasis. PMID- 3906084 TI - Drug absorption from inhalation aerosols administered by positive-pressure ventilation. II: Effect of disodium fluorescein aerosol particle size on fluorescein absorption kinetics in the beagle dog respiratory tract. AB - Solid, polydispersed disodium fluorescein aerosols (MMDae = 1.1, 3.5, and 4.4 micron) were administered under the same respiratory regime, direct to the respiratory tracts of two beagle dogs by positive-pressure ventilation. Subsequent to aerosol administration, plasma fluorescein concentrations were determined after sampling from an indwelling cannula. The amount absorbed as a function of time was estimated from these and additional data collected from intravenous control experiments in the same animals. Fluorescein absorption from the respiratory tract was apparently a first-order process, the rate increasing directly with the bioavailable dose. First-order rate constants differed but appeared unrelated to aerosol particle size, possibly reflecting similarities in their regional deposition in the canine lung. The average value for the absorption half-lives in the dogs were 19.3 and 12.2 min, showing that even lipophobic solutes such as the fluorescein dianion, are absorbed extremely rapidly via the lung. In one dog, the rate constant for fluorescein absorption after intratracheal instillation of a solution of the disodium salt was within the range of those following aerosol administration. Possible explanations are discussed. PMID- 3906086 TI - The tilted posterior tooth. Part III: Abutment for a fixed partial denture. AB - The problem of achieving a common path of insertion for a fixed partial denture when a tilted posterior abutment is involved can usually be solved by well planned tooth preparation in conjunction at times with intentional endodontic therapy. When tooth preparation alone cannot solve the problem, the mechanical solutions of the locked attachment and the telescopic retainer are available and must be considered. Other problems involved with the tilted abutment, adjacent tilted teeth, space reduction, supraversion of the antagonist, and the problem of a long-span fixed partial denture were discussed. PMID- 3906087 TI - Ceramometal restorations and the broken-stress fixed prosthesis. AB - A technique was described for using ceramometal restorations in a broken-stress fixed prosthesis. Although somewhat complicated in the laboratory phase, the procedure produces an extremely esthetic result. PMID- 3906088 TI - Making a full-coverage restoration on an abutment to fit an existing removable partial denture. PMID- 3906090 TI - Apparent bond strength of nonnoble alloy-porcelain combinations. AB - The apparent bond strengths of four porcelains and five nonnoble alloys were determined. On the basis of the data, the following conclusions can be drawn: The use of Vita, Ceramco, or Will-Ceram porcelains with Rexillium III, Pentillium, or Bak-On-NP alloy gave similar bond strength values. With the exception of Unibond alloy, the bond strength values obtained with Biobond porcelain were lower than those obtained with the other porcelain materials. The ceramometal bond strength values obtained with Unibond alloy were similar with all of the porcelains tested. The continued availability of a bewildering array of new alloys and porcelains suggests the urgent need for research designed to determine the bonding mechanisms and compatibility of various porcelain-alloy combinations. The data from this investigation provide criteria for the rational selection of bond strength-compatible porcelains and alloys for clinical use. PMID- 3906091 TI - Experimental comparison between perforated and etched-metal resin-bonded retainers. PMID- 3906089 TI - Marginal distortion of cast restorations induced by cementation. AB - Eleven full veneer crowns were directly constructed on brass stylized dies. Crown marginal openings and vertical heights were measured before and after cementation with zinc phosphate cement. The following results were established. The marginal opening of complete veneer gold crowns increased during cementation. The vertical heights of well fitting crowns also increased significantly after cementation. PMID- 3906092 TI - Irreversible hydrocolloid impressions for full-banded orthodontic patients. AB - A technique has been described to obtain intact accurate irreversible hydrocolloid impressions in patients who are in the process of full-banded orthodontic therapy. When this technique is used, the maxillary and mandibular casts are produced with sufficient accuracy to make a maxillary occlusal splint that requires minimal adjustment. PMID- 3906093 TI - The influence of impression trays on the accuracy of stone casts poured from irreversible hydrocolloid impressions. AB - An investigation was conducted to determine which of four commonly used impression trays yields the best results when making irreversible hydrocolloid impressions. This objective was achieved by evaluating the comparative accuracy of stone casts obtained from irreversible hydrocolloid impressions made with trays of different characteristics. The following conclusions are drawn from this study. Some kind of distortion can be expected in irreversible hydrocolloid impressions with the use of any of the tested impression trays. The perforated trays (B and D) reproduce more accurately the distances along the length and the width of the arch than the nonperforated trays (A and C). The depth of the palatal vault (distance f-g) is reproduced most accurately by the Rim-lock nonperforated tray (A) followed closely by the stock perforated (B) and the custom nonperforated (C) trays. Under the conditions of this study, all the impressions had a tendency to be oversized except the impressions made with the stock perforated tray (B). Those impressions were slightly undersized for all but two measured distances. Clinically significant inaccuracies produced by any of the four tested impression trays were not found in this study. PMID- 3906094 TI - Cephalometrically programmed adjustable plane: a new concept in occlusal plane orientation for complete-denture patients. PMID- 3906095 TI - Alternative cingulum rest seat. PMID- 3906096 TI - Occlusal force transfer by removable partial denture designs for a radical maxillectomy. AB - Several removable partial denture retainers were tested on a photoelastic cast of a human maxilla that had undergone a surgical resection through the midline. The conclusions based on the results of these tests are as follows. Physiologic adjustment of all the designs tested revealed a dramatic reduction in stresses when the framework were placed into position. Under load, the physiologically adjusted frameworks produced less potentially damaging stresses in the supporting structures than the unadjusted frameworks. High stresses were located at the premolar region for all the designs. Lingual retainers produced higher stress concentration than buccal retainers. In the anterior region, the I-bar retainer with a cingulum rest was the best combination for transmitting the occlusal forces along the long axis of the tooth. From the perspective of the equitability of stress transfer, the tested designs from best to worse are infrabulge I-bar retainer, either buccal or lingual retention; light wire circumferential retainer with buccal retention; and the circumferential cast buccal retention, swing-lock system. PMID- 3906097 TI - Real-time analysis of electromyograms in clinical dentistry. AB - A neurophysiologic real-time data acquisition and analysis system with a versatile hardware/software combination to be applied in clinical dentistry is introduced. Its application in the clinical environment allowed the analysis of jaw reflexes and the generation of a hard copy output in approximately 3 1/2 minutes. Such a system may provide the basis for advanced diagnostics in dentistry. PMID- 3906098 TI - Construction of a ceramometal mandibular repositioning splint. AB - This article described laboratory and chairside techniques for making a porcelain bonded-to-metal occlusal overlay repositioning splint and suggests how both dental laboratory technician and dentist can anticipate and overcome some problems commonly encountered during fabrication and seating. A ceramometal occlusal overlay and repositioning splint is often the splint of choice for patients who must wear one at all times during prolonged occlusal splint therapy. Unlike the commonly used acrylic resin splints, the ceramometal splint is durable, provides good esthetics and anatomic functional tooth form, and can be worn at all times including meals. PMID- 3906099 TI - Metal minibases in removable prosthodontics. AB - A description of the designs and indications for minibases in removable prosthodontics has been presented. Minibases can solve complicated space problems when surgery is contraindicated by providing a strong, thin, abrasive-resistant denture base. The result of their correct use is a prosthesis that fits well, is extended correctly, functions without opposing interferences at the correct vertical dimension of occlusion, and resists the functional stresses placed on it during service. PMID- 3906100 TI - Search for cell organelles in protozoa. PMID- 3906101 TI - Action of the organophosphorous insecticide parathion on the free-living marine dinoflagellate Prorocentrum micans Ehrbg. AB - Growth of cultures of the dinoflagellate Prorocentrum micans Ehrbg. was slowed by parathion greater than 1 ppm. Parathion also decreased chlorophyll content and perturbed cellular ultrastructure, eliciting especially plastoglobuli in their chloroplasts. Toxicity of this organophosphorous insecticide is unlikely to be due to its anticholinesterase activity since P. micans appears not to contain cholinesterase. Fluorescence kinetics show that parathion affects the photosynthetic system, particularly photosystem II. PMID- 3906103 TI - Identification of the meiotic division of malarial parasites. AB - Zygotes of Plasmodium berghei were cultured 15-25 h in vitro to yield mature infective ookinetes. Samples taken in the first 5 h of culture were examined by electron microscopy. Meiotic figures were detected in the nuclei of the zygotes. Threadlike leptotene chromatids (chromosomes) condensed from attachment plaques on the nuclear envelope; chromatid pairing followed (zygotene), with synaptonemal complexes subsequently appearing (pachytene). These complexes persisted into metaphase but dissociated when the chromatids rapidly decondensed during anaphase. At telophase of the first meiotic division the kinetochores were retracted toward two small spindle complexes, which were found at widely separated poles in the nuclear envelope. The observations are consistent with a haploid genome of 8-10 chromosomes. PMID- 3906102 TI - Fine structure of exoerythrocytic merozoite formation of Plasmodium berghei in rat liver. AB - The fine structure of exoerythrocytic merogony of Plasmodium berghei was studied after perfusion-fixation of rat livers from 51 h post-inoculation onwards. Meroblast formation was effected by clefts originating from the parasite plasmalemma and by fusion of vacuoles with each other. Invaginations at the periphery resulted in labyrinthine structures providing the parasites with an enormous increase in surface area, which might facilitate exchange of metabolites. When the parasitophorous vacuole membrane collapsed, the newly formed merozoites were lying free in the hepatocytic cytoplasm, which degenerated until the merozoites were sticking together by a stroma, obviously a remnant of the host hepatocyte. Groups of merozoites, still kept together by the spongy stroma, were subsequently released in the bloodstream. At 53 h most of the developmental stages leading to the release of merozoites could be found and thereafter parasite numbers decreased while large granulomas became apparent. PMID- 3906104 TI - Detection of the microtubule cytoskeleton of the coccidian Toxoplasma gondii and the hemoflagellate Leishmania donovani by monoclonal antibodies specific for beta tubulin. AB - Seven monoclonal antibodies specific for mammalian beta-tubulin demonstrate the microtubule cytoskeleton of Toxoplasma gondii and Leishmania donovani by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy. Immunoblots of T. gondii and L. donovani proteins separated by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis confirm the specificity of the monoclonal antibodies for tubulin. Differential staining of flagellar and subpellicular microtubule populations was not seen in L. donovani with these antibodies. All seven antibodies also detected the subpellicular microtubules of T. gondii, but the polar ring and conoid of this organism was not visualized by any of them. This technique provides a rapid and specific way to assess microtubular organization in whole organisms. PMID- 3906106 TI - Progesterone treatment of premenstrual tension--a double blind study. AB - Fifteen women with moderate to severe premenstrual symptoms, defined and graded according to a recently developed scoring system, took part in a double blind study of the effect of progesterone on premenstrual symptoms. The dosage was 100 mg progesterone twice daily delivered in vaginal pessaries. The women were improved with a statistically significant decrease in their scores by progesterone as well as by placebo treatment. There was no statistically significant difference between the two regimes. PMID- 3906105 TI - Psychological interventions in cardiovascular disease. AB - The literature on the behavioural treatment of primary hypertension, reduction of Type A behaviour, and psychological interventions during acute coronary care and rehabilitation after a myocardial infarction are selectively reviewed. There is growing evidence that relaxation and stress management can lower blood pressure by useful amounts in mild primary hypertension although the mechanisms underlying these reductions are unclear. Type A behaviour has been reduced in patients following a myocardial infarction and this led to reduced morbidity. Other interventions following myocardial infarction, both when the patient is in hospital and after discharge have produced at best only modest benefits and are, therefore, not widely applicable. Future research in rehabilitation should be directed at reducing the disabilities of patients with clearly identifiable problems that stem from their response to cardiovascular disease. PMID- 3906107 TI - Stress management groups. PMID- 3906108 TI - An historical view of right to treatment. AB - The patient's right to treatment is a clear mandate from the Supreme Court that the providers of mental health care must provide treatment. Important Supreme Court decisions have influenced the way in which professional nurses determine what constitutes adequate treatment on an individualized basis. Individualized treatment planning is rooted in meeting legal, regulatory, and funding requirements. The professional nurse is in a unique position to assess the patient's needs and to plan with others how those needs can best be met. Paraprofessional staff may implement those parts of the plan that do not require the direct intervention of the professional nurse. The technicians provide the daily care under the supervision and direction of the professional nurse. However, it is the professional psychiatric nurse who plays a critical role in providing active psychiatric treatment, who determines the nursing component of the treatment plan on an individualized basis, and who monitors the patient's environment, thus safe-guarding the legal rights of the mentally ill. PMID- 3906109 TI - The protean manifestations of Legionnaires' disease. PMID- 3906110 TI - Dr John Radcliffe, court physician, and the death of Queen Anne. PMID- 3906111 TI - Effect of tritiated water on growth of a radiation-sensitive strain of Escherichia coli, NG30. PMID- 3906112 TI - [Primary lymphoma of the liver: an uncommon disease. Ultrasonic and x-ray computed tomographic aspects. Apropos of a case with review of the literature]. AB - Although the very rare primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is resectable and responds to chemotherapy it has a very poor prognosis since the outcome was rapidly fatal in 7 of the 11 cases reported in the literature. Particular features in a patient with a primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of cirrhotic liver were the association of portal hypertension and portal thrombosis related to tumor invasion. Findings on ultrasound imaging and histologic diagnosis from guided needle puncture biopsy appear to be previously unreported aspects of this affection. PMID- 3906113 TI - [Posttraumatic occlusion of the 2 vertebral arteries]. AB - Initial radioclinical examination of a 24 year old patient following a road accident showed a hemomediastinum on computed tomography imaging. Digital subtraction angiography by the arterial route demonstrated integrity of abdominal aorta and occlusion of both vertebral arteries soon after their origin. This bilateral occlusion had failed to provoke any neurologic sign imputable to the vascular lesion. A review venous digital subtraction angiography examination two months later gave similar angiographic appearance. Emphasis is placed on the asymptomatic nature of this acute occlusion of the two vertebral arteries and on the value of digital subtraction angiography for vascular exploration of this type of disease. PMID- 3906114 TI - [Striated and delayed nephrography]. AB - About a case of striated and delayed nephrogram seen on a diabetic child, authors come back to the different etiologies. Among them, the tubular precipitation of Tamm-Horsfall protein seems to be given like on the right possibilities. Whatever is its etiology, the mechanism of striated appearance is always the same, being founded on the radiated disposal of the collecting ducts and on a tubular stasis beeing with iodine concentration. PMID- 3906115 TI - [French Society of Medical Radiology. 1985 directory]. PMID- 3906116 TI - Bilateral distribution of implantation sites in small mammals of 22 North American species. AB - The distribution of activity between the left and right sides of the reproductive tract, as measured by numbers of CL, embryos and placental scars, was studied in small mammals of 22 species. Shrews ovulate from the two ovaries in a distribution that does not differ from the binomial. Implantation of blastocysts in the two uterine horns is more nearly even ('balanced') than would be predicted from the binomial distribution. Balance in this group apparently is achieved by transuterine migration of blastocysts, perhaps in conjunction with some spacing mechanism within the uterus. Some cricetid rodents show little or no balance, but in others the distribution of activity sites (embryos, CL and placental scars) departs significantly from the binomial distribution. Reproductive activity sites of heteromyid and geomyid rodents (Geomyoidea) are highly balanced; uterine balance apparently is achieved by means of ovarian rather than uterine control. We know of no previous reports of ovarian balance and suggest that physiological mechanisms controlling numbers of ovulations in the species exhibiting this characteristic may differ from those in species exhibiting a random distribution of ovulation sites. Hypotheses regarding evolutionary aspects of balance are considered in phylogenetic and ecological terms, generating several testable research questions for physiologists, anatomists, and evolutionary ecologists. PMID- 3906117 TI - Temperature-induced abnormalities in sheep oocytes during maturation. AB - The susceptibility of sheep oocytes to temperature changes during maturation in vitro was tested by reducing the incubation temperature to 20 degrees C at various stages of meiosis. Cooling induced chromosomal abnormalities including disorganized metaphase plates and multipolar spindles in 28-54% of oocytes cooled at all stages of meiosis from germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) to metaphase II. The time of GVBD (8-11 h after the start of culture) was the most sensitive to cooling, whereas fewest abnormalities were found in oocytes cooled in late metaphase I (16-19 h). In addition to the chromosomal abnormalities, unusual vesicles appeared in the cytoplasm of oocytes cooled at 8-11 h and 12-15 h. No abnormalities in protein synthesis were detected by one-dimensional SDS gel electrophoresis. The consequences of the abnormalities for the developmental potential of the cooled oocytes were tested by transfer to recipient ewes and fertilization in vivo. After 12 days of development only 6% and 11% oocytes cooled at 12-15 h and 20-23 h respectively had developed to expanded blastocysts, compared with 44% of control oocytes. The results demonstrated that maturing sheep oocytes are very sensitive to a drop in temperature. PMID- 3906118 TI - Perinatal oocyte loss in XO mice and its implications for the aetiology of gonadal dysgenesis in XO women. AB - Postnatally, XO mice have approximately half as many oocytes as their XX sisters. A quantitative histological analysis of XO and XX ovaries throughout oogenesis (14 1/2-24 1/2 days post coitum) revealed that this oocyte deficiency in XO mice is due to excess atresia of oocytes at the late pachytene stage (19 1/2 days post coitum). Female mice heterozygous for a large X inversion (In(X)/X mice) were also found to have excess atresia at late pachytene. It was suggested that in XO mice it is the presence of an unpaired X chromosome, and in In(X)/X mice, the incompleteness of X chromosome pairing, which leads to this excess oocyte atresia. A new quantitative histological procedure which was developed for the analysis of perinatal mouse ovaries is also described. PMID- 3906120 TI - Bias and fraud in medical research: a review. PMID- 3906119 TI - Practical applications of a monoclonal antibody (NDOG2) against placental alkaline phosphatase in ovarian cancer. AB - A monoclonal antibody (NDOG2) against placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) in ovarian cancer has been used in three ways by the Bristol University Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology. First, in an indirect immunoperoxidase technique, NDOG2 demonstrated positive standing in 64% of 56 ovarian carcinomas as well as in 25% of 44 benign tumours. The majority of these positive tumours were serous cystadenocarcinomas or serous cystadenomas and there was considerable variation in the expression of this antigen from tumour to tumour. NDOG2 was also used as the basis of two serum assays and, when labelled with 123-iodine (123I), in radioimmunoscintigraphy (RIS) to monitor patients' response to therapy. The first serum assay measures the enzymic activity of PLAP and the second recognizes the antigenicity of the molecules. Assay 2 proved more useful in that it predicted the course of the disease in 45% of patients followed up, whereas Assay 1 was only of use in 25% of cases. RIS proved to be a useful imaging technique and was at least as sensitive as conventional imaging techniques. The common causes of false-positive and false-negative results are described. PMID- 3906121 TI - Chinese curiosi: 19th century examples of the east-west titration. PMID- 3906122 TI - Virogenes in scrapie and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. PMID- 3906123 TI - Role of endoscopic surgery in management of renal and ureteric calculi: a review. PMID- 3906124 TI - Centenary of William Osler's 1885 Gulstonian lectures and their place in the history of bacterial endocarditis. PMID- 3906125 TI - Marcus Beck Library: who was Marcus Beck? PMID- 3906126 TI - Difluorostatine- and difluorostatone-containing peptides as potent and specific renin inhibitors. PMID- 3906127 TI - Synthesis and antidiarrheal activity of N-(aminoiminomethyl)-1H-pyrrole-1 acetamides related to guanfacine. AB - A series of N-(aminoiminomethyl)-1H-pyrrole-1-acetamides, related to guanfacine, were prepared and tested for antidiarrheal activity in castor oil dosed rats. trans-N-(Aminoiminomethyl)-2,5-dihydro-2,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrrole-1-acetami de (2), in which the dichlorophenyl ring of guanfacine is replaced by 2,5-dimethyl-2,5 dihydropyrrole, showed potent antidiarrheal activity but possessed only minimal cardiovascular activity in rats. PMID- 3906129 TI - Synthesis and anthelmintic activity of 5(6)-(benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamoyl) and (4 substituted piperazin-1-yl)benzimidazoles. AB - The synthesis of alkyl 5(6)-(benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamoyl)benzimidazole-2 carbamates (6, 7), and alkyl 5(6)-(4-substituted piperazin-1-yl)benzimidazole-2 carbamates (31-40) has been carried out. When the compounds were tested for their anthelmintic activity against Ancylostoma ceylanicum in hamsters, Hymenolepis nana in rats, Litomosoides carinii in cotton rats, and Dipetalonema viteae in Mastomys natalensis, methyl 5(6)-(4-benzoylpiperazin-1-yl)benzimidazole-2 carbamate (31), methyl 5(6)-[4-(2-furoyl)piperazin-1-yl]benzimidazole-2-carbamate and methyl 5(6)-[4-[(diethylamino)carbonyl]piperazin-1-yl]benzimidazole- -2 carbamate (36) showed 100% elimination of tapeworms H. nana at three oral doses of 100-250 mg/kg. Compounds 34 and 36 also killed the microfilariae and adult worms of L. carinii in cotton rats at an intraperitoneal dose of 30 mg/kg given for 5 days. PMID- 3906128 TI - Antimalarial agents. 1. alpha-Santonin-derived cyclic peroxide as potential antimalarial agent. AB - An alpha-santonin-derived cyclic peroxide (7) related to qinghaosu (1) has been synthesized and tested for antimalarial activity in vitro against the chloroquine resistant (Smith) isolates of Plasmodium falciparum as well as in vivo against Plasmodium berghei in mice and was found to be devoid of activity. PMID- 3906130 TI - A uniquely potent renin inhibitor and its unanticipated plasma binding component. PMID- 3906131 TI - Renin inhibitors. Syntheses of subnanomolar, competitive, transition-state analogue inhibitors containing a novel analogue of statine. AB - Analogues of the renin octapeptide substrate were synthesized in which replacement of the scissile dipeptide with (3S,4S)-4-amino-3-hydroxy-6 methylheptanoic acid (statine, Sta) transformed the substrate sequence into potent, transition-state analogue, competitive inhibitors of renin. Synthesis and incorporation of the cyclohexylalanyl analogue of Sta, (3S,4S)-4-amino-5 cyclohexyl-3-hydroxypentanoic acid (ACHPA), gave the most potent inhibitors of renin yet reported, including N-isovaleryl-L-histidyl-L-prolyl-L-phenylalanyl-L histidyl-ACHPA-L -leucyl-L- phenylalanyl amide [Iva-His-Pro-Phe-His-ACHPA-Leu-Phe NH2,3], with renin inhibitions of Ki = 1.6 X 10(-10) M (human kidney renin), IC50 = 1.7 X 10(-10)M (human plasma renin), IC50 = 1.9 X 10(-9)M (dog plasma renin), and IC50 = 2.1 X 10(-8) M (rat plasma renin). This inhibitor 3, containing ACHPA, was 55-76 times more potent vs. human renin than the comparable Sta-containing inhibitor 1 and 17 times more potent vs. dog renin than 1. Inhibitor 3 lowered blood pressure in sodium-deficient dogs, with in vivo potency 19 times that shown by 1, in close agreement with the relative in vitro potencies. Structure-activity results are presented that show the minimal N-terminus for these inhibitors. An ACHPA-containing pentapeptide, N-[(ethyloxy)carbonyl]-L-phenylalanyl-L- histidyl ACHPA-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanyl amide [Etoc-Phe-His-ACHPA-Leu-Phe-NH2,8], retained subnanomolar inhibitory potency. Molecular modelling studies are described that suggested the design of ACHPA. PMID- 3906132 TI - Monocyclic pteridine analogues. Inhibition of Escherichia coli dihydropteroate synthase by 6-amino-5-nitrosoisocytosines. AB - A variety of 5,6-disubstituted isocytosine derivatives were evaluated in vitro as inhibitors of dihydropteroate synthase from Escherichia coli. A number of 6 (alkylamino)-5-nitrosoisocytosines have in vitro potency equivalent with or superior to that of therapeutically effective sulfonamide inhibitors of the synthase. The sulfonamide drugs are known to compete for the p-aminobenzoic acid binding site of the synthase, and kinetic analysis of inhibition of the synthase by 6-(methylamino)-5-nitrosoisocytosine (16; I50 = 1.6 microM) and by the 6-(3 phenoxypropyl) amino analogue (33; I50 = 3.7 microM) indicated that the nitrosoisocytosine inhibitors compete with the pteridine substrate for the enzyme. Structure-activity studies demonstrated that the enzyme surface has a low tolerance for steric bulk in the region surrounding the isocytosine 6-amino function. However, this steric intolerance may be counterbalanced to a significant degree by positive allosteric interactions achieved by certain analogues that have a 6-(omega-phenylalkyl)amino substituent. For example, 6-[(7 phenylheptyl)amino]-5-nitrosoisocytosine (28) is as effective an inhibitor (I50 = 1.4 microM) as the 6-methylamino compound 16. Although several members of the 5 nitroso series were potent synthase inhibitors, none of the nitrosoisocytosines exhibited significant antibacterial activity. This observation may reflect poor transport of these compounds through the bacterial cell wall or, alternatively, may result from a rapid metabolic inactivation process. PMID- 3906133 TI - Experimental candidosis: paw oedema in the analysis of a local infection. AB - Existing models of Candida albicans infection are semi-quantitative and do not allow continuous observations to be made on individual animals. We have used the inflammatory response in the footpad as an indirect measure of the number of yeast cells in a localised lesion. C. albicans infection of the footpad has been used in series of experiments in which changes in yeast-cell numbers in the local lesion have been compared with the degree of footpad oedema. Studies in animals treated with cyclophosphamide or amphotericin have confirmed that paw oedema parallels yeast-cell numbers in the local lesion. This quantitative approach will be helpful in the study of localised infection with C. albicans and other fungi and in the evaluation of antifungal agents. PMID- 3906134 TI - Experimental oral candidal infection and carriage of oral bacteria in rats subjected to a carbohydrate-rich diet and tetracycline treatment. AB - Oral candidal infection and the carriage of oral bacteria in rats has been studied in animals on a high carbohydrate diet and treated with tetracycline. Candidal infection was not significantly enhanced by carbohydrate alone but was promoted by tetracycline; carbohydrate plus tetracycline was no more effective than tetracycline alone. Carriage of lactobacilli was enhanced by carbohydrate but streptococcal carriage was depressed; there was no effect on the number of rats carrying enterobacteria. Administration of tetracycline reduced the carriage of all three groups of bacteria but the isolation rate for enterobacteria increased towards the end of the experiment, becoming nearly the same as at the start. The prevalence of C. albicans did not vary with these changes in bacterial populations. PMID- 3906135 TI - A simple disk-diffusion test for differentiation of yeast species. AB - A disk-diffusion method for identification of yeasts was developed that depended on their different but distinct susceptibilities to the following chemicals: janus green, ethidium bromide, 2, 3, 5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride, brilliant green, cycloheximide and rhodamine 6G. For 594 of 623 routinely isolated yeasts, the disk-diffusion and the commercial API 20C auxanogram tests gave the same identification, an agreement of 95.3%. Only 8 of 1052 isolates from clinical specimens were not identified by the disk-diffusion method. The method is simple, inexpensive and technically straightforward and for most isolates gives an identification in 24 h. PMID- 3906137 TI - Initial characterisation of a lymphocyte-derived factor that is a potent stimulator of human endothelial cell prostacyclin (PGI2) production. AB - Supernatants from cultured normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were incubated with umbilical vein endothelial cells. Prostacyclin production, lactate dehydrogenase release, and viability of the endothelial cells was measured. The supernatants caused changes in growth patterns and were potent stimulators of prostacyclin production. The source of the stimulating factor(s) was shown to be the lymphocyte sub-population. Preliminary characterization of supernatants revealed that more than one molecular species may be involved. PMID- 3906136 TI - The role of Robertson's cooked-meat broth in the bacteriological evaluation of surgical specimens. AB - The results were compared of submitting simple swabs, swabs in Stuart's Transport Medium (STM) and swabs in Robertson's cooked-meat broth (RCMB), from 100 potentially or definitely infected sites in patients undergoing general surgery. Significantly more positive bacterial cultures were obtained from swabs sent in RCMB (65), than from swabs sent either in STM (39) or as simple swabs (32). The isolation of potentially significant organisms from only the RCMB series could influence clinical management. The conventional reluctance of bacteriologists to accept evidence obtained from RCMB cultures seeded directly in the ward or at operation is challenged. PMID- 3906138 TI - A dental pioneer (Abraham Tolles Metcalf). PMID- 3906139 TI - In vivo dose response curves of insulin action in heart: anomalous effects at high insulin doses. AB - The euglycaemic hyperinsulaemic clamp technique in conscious unrestrained rats was used to compile insulin dose response curves of glucose metabolism in the heart in vivo. An estimate of heart glucose uptake (Rg') was obtained using [3H] 2-deoxyglucose and glucose disposal was examined by measuring cardiac glycogen content. Elevation of insulin from 29 to 54 mU/l resulted in a significant increase in Rg' in heart from 41 +/- 6 to 77 +/- 4 mumol/100 g/min (P less than 0.01) with no effect on glycogen content. This is consistent with increased glucose oxidation. At 150 mU/l of insulin both Rg' and glycogen synthesis were increased. Glycogen content increased from 18.5 +/- 1.7 mumol/g under basal conditions to 27.9 +/- 1.6 mumol/g with insulin. However, at subsequent insulin doses producing plasma levels exceeding 600 mU/l there was an anomalous reversal of Rg' back to basal levels while glycogen content was significantly elevated (2.4-fold, P less than 0.01). This effect may be related to feedback inhibition of tissue glycogen on glucose transport or to accumulation of tissue metabolites such as glucose-6-phosphate. The dose response curve for insulin stimulated Rg' in heart does not resemble either the whole body glucose utilization curve or that in individual skeletal muscles. PMID- 3906140 TI - The use of art therapy in marital and sex therapy. AB - The literature pertaining to the use of art therapy in marital and sex counseling of couples is reviewed. All articles in this area are based on case study reports; therefore, their conclusions must be considered with caution. Art therapy techniques which have been developed for use in marriage counseling are identified, and several advantages to the use of these procedures are cited. Suggestions for research to validate these procedures are discussed. PMID- 3906142 TI - Implant prosthodontics using the Core-Vent system. PMID- 3906141 TI - Mutagenicity evaluation of phthalic acid esters and metabolites in Salmonella typhimurium cultures. AB - The mutagenic potential of dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), and di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEPH), as well as metabolites of DEHP--i.e., mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP), 2-ethylhexanol (2 EH), and phthalic acid (PA)--were tested in Salmonella typhimurium cultures using the Ames test procedure. The compounds were tested on strains TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537, TA1538, and TA2637 for base-pair substitution or frameshift-type mutations. Spot tests yielded negative responses for all compounds with the strains tested. Each compound was tested for a dose-effect relationship in the TA98, TA100, TA1535, and TA1538 systems. DEP and DBP exhibited a mildly positive response in both TA100 and TA1535 cultures, and DMP showed a similar response in TA1535. Normalization of the data for cytotoxicity of DMP suggests TA100 has a mildly positive effect. The higher doses of these compounds exhibited some cytotoxic effects. The mutagenic effects were apparently abolished by the addition of S9 fraction in TA100 and TA1535 cultures, while no effect, other than cytotoxicity, was observed in the TA98 and TA1538 systems. DEHP, MEHP, 2-EH, and PA exhibited no mutagenicity in any of the strains of Salmonella typhimurium tested, with or without S9 metabolic activation. MEHP and 2-EH, however, exhibited a moderate cytotoxic effect in most cultures. PMID- 3906143 TI - Single tooth replacement by a ceramic implant Munich type. PMID- 3906145 TI - [Mutagenicity test of halopredone acetate]. AB - The mutagenicity of halopredone acetate (THS-201) was investigated by means of reverse mutation test in seven bacterial strains (S. typhimurium TA100, TA1535, TA98, TA1538, TA1537 and E. coli WP2, WP2 uvrA) and chromosomal aberration test in cultured Chinese hamster cells (CHL). In the reverse mutation test, no significant increase of revertant was observed at dose levels from 50 to 5000 micrograms/plate in the absence and presence of mammalian metabolic activation system. THS-201 caused no increase of chromosomal aberrants at dose levels of 1.6, 8.0, 40.0 and 200 micrograms/ml irrespective of metabolic activation. These results indicated that THS-201 has no mutagenic activity. PMID- 3906144 TI - Behavioral teratology of methylmercury. AB - Behavioral effects of experimental perinatal methylmercury exposure are reviewed. Studies were summarized by classification based on examined behaviors and functions as follows; Development of reflexive behaviors, Swimming ability, Spontaneous activity, Open-field behavior, Maze learning, Avoidance learning, Operant learning, Susceptibility to induced convulsion and seizure, Ultrasonic vocalization, Visual function. Findings suggest that perinatal methylmercury exposure caused changes in a wide spectrum of behaviors in offspring. It is suggested that further researches on neuro-behavioral teratogenicity of methylmercury will be awaited, especially in the area investigating interaction of the other environmental factors. PMID- 3906147 TI - Theoretical approach to active dispersal and colonization of houses by Triatoma infestans. AB - Dispersive flight by Triatoma infestans was modelled by assuming either unidirectional flight in a straight line, or that flight followed a pattern of 'random walk' analogous to two-dimensional Brownian motion. Parameter estimates for the models were derived from previous fieldwork in Argentina and Brazil. Calculated probabilities of houses becoming infested over a 1 year period were compared with actual changes of house infestation in a small farming community in central Brazil. It was found that infestation could be explained partly by the dispersive flight of the bugs according to the distances between houses, and partly by the predisposition of houses to infestation by virtue of their construction, since houses with cracked mud walls were particularly susceptible to infestation. Infested houses lying more than 200 m from uninfested houses appeared to make an almost negligible contribution to infestation of the uninfested houses. This suggests that buffer zones of this size around treated areas could help to minimize the risk of reinfestation after treatment. PMID- 3906146 TI - A field test of a biochemical key to identify members of the Anopheles gambiae group of species in north-east Tanzania. AB - The usefulness of a proposed biochemical key to the species of the Anopheles gambiae complex is tested against the standard chromosomal method in N.E. Tanzania. The chromosomal identifications indicate the presence of three sibling species of the complex in this area, partly in coexisting populations. The electromorph frequencies at the diagnostic enzyme loci, octanol-dehydrogenase (Odh) and superoxide dismutase (Sod), show neither significant geographical nor seasonal variation. It is confirmed that A. merus can be distinguished unambiguously on its Sod genotype. A. gambiae s.s. and A. arabiensis can be identified, using the differences in their Odh polymorphism, with an average error of misidentification of 1 in 300. It is concluded that the biochemical key is sufficiently reliable to be a valuable additional taxonomic tool in the study area. PMID- 3906148 TI - Acute suppurative thyroiditis. AB - A 25 year old woman suddenly developed pain in a neck mass which had been present for 10 years. Aspiration of a large cyst revealed by ultrasonography produced blood stained fluid from which E. coli was subsequently grown. Acute suppurative thyroiditis is the least common inflammation of the gland, and E. coli infection has been reported only once before in the past decade. A technetium scan is helpful in distinguishing acute from subacute thyroiditis. PMID- 3906149 TI - Augmentation in rhinoplasty--a personal view. AB - This paper presents a view on the use of various synthetic materials in rhinoplasty and the authors' preference for autologous bone as an augmentation material. The biology of bone transplantation as it applies to rhinoplasty is reviewed. Specific techniques for augmentation of the major saddle deformity are described, emphasizing the use of the external rhinoplasty approach for exposure as well as the authors' view that the dorsal graft should not extend beyond the cephalic border of the lower lateral cartilage. The senior author's experience with autologous bone as an augmentation material in 60 patients with major saddle deformities is reviewed. There were three patients whose grafts totally resorbed, and two cases of late graft fracture and displacement. The remaining patients had resorption graded as minor or insignificant. There were only two donor site complications--both wound seromas. Patients reviewed had been followed from one to 18 years. PMID- 3906150 TI - The immunological basis of nasal polyp formation. AB - Forty-six patients were studied to assess the role of immunological factors in the formation of nasal polyps. Total IgE levels did not correlate with positive skin testing and were generally higher in polyp sac fluid than in corresponding sera. Asthmatics had significantly higher IgE levels in both serum and polyp fluid than nonasthmatics. Specific IgE (RAST) found in polyp specimens could not be detected by conventional skin or serum testing in nine of 15 patients. By direct immunofluorescence IgE was present in 81% of polyp specimens compared with 13% in mucosal controls. These data indicate that nasal polyp formation may be an IgE mediated disease process and conventional skin or serum testing may not detect this local allergic process. PMID- 3906151 TI - Histopathology of noise deafness. AB - The psychophysical effects of sound stimulation at increasing intensity include adaptation, temporary threshold shift, and permanent hearing loss. The mechanisms involved in permanent loss are direct mechanical destruction, following high intensity noise exposure, and metabolic decompensation with subsequent degeneration of sensory elements, following moderate intensity noise exposure. Both these cause their own pattern of cochlear histological abnormality, while the only morphological correlate to temporary threshold shift is an increase in the number and size of liposomes, mainly in the outer hair cells after longer periods of repeated temporary threshold shift. There are critical intensity levels which determine the type and extent of damage, and for any given exposure intensity a saturation of damage is reached over time. There is great variability in acoustic cochlear damage, especially that of the delayed metabolic type, the type which results from conditions which predominate in our actual noise environment. PMID- 3906152 TI - Ultrastructural studies on the afferent synaptic input to oxytocin-containing neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. AB - A diverse afferent synaptic input to immunostained oxytocin magnocellular neurons of the paraventricular nucleus of the rat hypothalamus is described. By electron microscopy, immunoreactive material is present within cell bodies and neuronal processes and it is associated primarily with neurosecretory granules and granular endoplasmic reticulum. Afferent axon terminals synapse on perikarya, dendritic processes, and possibly axonal processes of oxytocin-containing neurons. The presynaptic elements of the synaptic complexes contain clear spherical vesicles, a mixture of clear spherical and ellipsoidal vesicles, or a mixture of clear and dense-centered vesicles. The postsynaptic membranes of oxytocinergic cells frequently show a prominent coating of dense material on the cytoplasmic face which gives the synaptic complex a marked asymmetry. PMID- 3906153 TI - Nobelists take genetics from bench to bedside. PMID- 3906154 TI - Clostridia: an alternative cause of "ethylene dibromide" fatalities. PMID- 3906155 TI - Pondering past, future of implantable heart. PMID- 3906156 TI - Leads from the MMWR. Turkey-associated salmonellosis at an elementary school- Georgia. PMID- 3906157 TI - Laboratory diagnosis of urinary tract infection in ambulatory women. AB - We evaluated the accuracy and work load of six different approaches to identifying urinary tract infections in a general microbiology laboratory. Midstream urine (MSU) specimens from 387 ambulatory women were examined for pyuria and were cultured using a dual-plating technique that detects both low (10(2) to 10(4) organisms per milliliter) and high (greater than or equal to 10(5) organisms per milliliter) colony counts. Seventy-four urinary tract infections (defined as greater than or equal to 10(5) organisms per milliliter of MSU or greater than or equal to 10(2) aerobic gram-negative bacilli per milliliter of MSU in symptomatic patients) were identified. Twenty-four (32%) of the infections were characterized by low colony counts and would not have been identified using a 10(5) or greater colony-forming units/mL criterion for infection. Using the presence of pyuria to direct microbiological processing of urine specimens was the most accurate and efficient method of identifying urinary tract infections among voided specimens from ambulatory women, particularly if rapid screening methods for pyuria can be used. PMID- 3906158 TI - Ethical issues raised by research involving xenografts. PMID- 3906159 TI - Xenografts. Review of the literature and current status. Council on Scientific Affairs. AB - In response to growing public and legislative interest in organ transplantation, the American Medical Association's Council on Scientific Affairs has convened an advisory panel to prepare state-of-the-art monographs on several of the central topics. The first report of the panel, approved by the Council in February 1985, reviews the experimental work with xenografts. This report summarizes the published experience with animal and human xenografts to date and discusses the mechanisms of xenograft rejection. The report concludes that the process of xenograft rejection qualitatively resembles allograft rejection, involving both cellular and humoral immune mechanisms, but differs quantitatively depending on the genetic disparity between donor and recipient. Relative beneficial effects of various immunosuppression regimens, including cyclosporin on xenograft survival in donor recipient models with varying genetic disparity, have not yet been studied in a critical fashion. PMID- 3906160 TI - The case of Baby Fae. PMID- 3906161 TI - Informed consent and Baby Fae. PMID- 3906162 TI - Enriched branched-chain amino acid formula versus a casein-based supplement in the treatment of cirrhosis. AB - An orally administered branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) rich supplement (T), Travasorb-Hepatic was compared to a casein based supplement (E), Ensure, in a randomized double-blind cross-over study in eight malnourished, stable cirrhotics unable to achieve a daily dietary protein intake of 1.0 g/kg. Doses of antiportal systemic encephalopathy drugs remained constant and a baseline 1000 kcal, 40 g dietary protein intake was encouraged. To this diet, supplemental protein was added in daily 20-g increments to a maximum of 60 g supplemental protein. Mental status, asterixis, and number connection tests were assessed daily and an antiportal systemic encephalopathy index calculated. There was no significant difference in the mean intake of dietary protein (T, 33.7 +/- 4.0 g; E, 26.7 +/- 10.8 g), supplemental protein (T, 43.1 +/- 8.3 g; E, 47.9 +/- 7.1 g), or N2 balance (T, 4.2 +/- 3.7 g; E, 3.4 +/- 4.4) between treatment trials. The antiportal systemic encephalopathy index improved on E, with no significant change in the BCAA:aromatic acid molar ratio. This ratio improved on T (1.02 +/- 2.0 to 2.7 +/- 1.1), but was not accompanied by improvement in the antiportal systemic encephalopathy index. The improved protein tolerance in both groups was not further increased by a highly enriched BCAA formula compared to one with a moderate BCAA content from a natural dietary protein source. Thus, both conventional casein-based supplements and enriched BCAA formulas are well tolerated and can be safely and effectively used as an integral part of diet therapy. PMID- 3906163 TI - The effects of oral soybean phospholipid on serum total cholesterol, plasma triglyceride, and serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations in hyperlipidemia. AB - In a randomized, double-blind, cross-over trial soybean phospholipid and placebo, 18 g daily for 6 wk, were given orally to 20 patients on long-term treatment with standard lipid lowering diets. The effect of this treatment on serum total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and plasma triglyceride was studied. After 6 wk mean (+/- SE) cholesterol concentration was decreased by 0.54 (+/- 0.19) mmol/liter in phospholipid-treated as compared to placebo-treated patients (p less than 0.02). The decrease in serum cholesterol was significant (p less than 0.02) only in patients assigned to receive phospholipid before placebo. A highly significant increase (p less than 0.001) followed the withdrawal of phospholipid. No effect on triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations was demonstrated. PMID- 3906164 TI - A new intravenous emulsion containing medium-chain triglyceride: studies of its metabolic effects in the perioperative period compared with a conventional long chain triglyceride emulsion. AB - The effects of carbohydrate, lipid, and nitrogen metabolism of recently available lipid emulsions containing either 50% medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) and 50% long-chain triglyceride (LCT) or 100% LCT were compared in elective surgical patients. Postoperative urinary urea excretion was similar during isocaloric MCT/LCT and LCT infusions (1.9 mg/kg/min) and was decreased compared with a standard infusion of 5% glucose (1 mg/kg/min). Plasma glucose and insulin concentrations were similar during both lipid and low dose glucose infusions. However, plasma triglyceride and nonesterified fatty acid concentrations were decreased during the MCT/LCT infusion compared with the LCT infusion, suggesting that the MCT/LCT emulsion was cleared from the circulation faster than pure LCT. Ketone body concentrations were similar during all three infusions. MCT/LCT emulsion can be safely infused perioperatively and has similar nitrogen conserving properties to LCT in these circumstances. PMID- 3906165 TI - Microbial growth comparisons of five commercial parenteral lipid emulsions. PMID- 3906166 TI - [Study of clinical bacteriological efficacy in a cefmenoxime ototopical solution]. AB - One percent cefmenoxime (CMX) ototopical solution was administered to 302 patients with purulent otitis media and acute diffuse external otitis in open study fashion, and to 216 patients with purulent otitis media in double blind condition. From among the total of 518 cases various bacteria were detected, except 22 of negative detection after incubation and 3 of impossible determination. The main bacteria detected from the above 493 cases were S. aureus (242 strains = 49.1%), P. aeruginosa (105 strains = 21.3%), S. epidermidis (67 strains = 13.6%), Proteus spp. (indole positive) (31 strains = 6.3%) and P. mirabilis (24 strains = 4.9%) as well as anaerobic bacteria (26 strains = 5.3%). MIC of CMX against those bacteria detected was evaluated at 10(8) CFU/ml and 10(6) CFU/ml, respectively, up to the concentration of 800 micrograms/ml, with MIC of cefazolin (CEZ), chloramphenicol (CP) and fradiomycin (FRM) as the references. With respect to the antibacterial action of CMX against S. aureus, MIC50 of CMX was inferior to that of CEZ by 4-fold, but its MIC80 and MIC90 are almost equivalent to those of CEZ. These results were obtained because there existed relatively few CMX highly resistant strains, while more than 20% strains are said to resist cephem antibiotics. As far as MIC of CMX against P. aeruginosa was concerned, the MIC reached its peak with 100 micrograms/ml at the concentration of 10(8) CFU/ml and with 25 micrograms/ml at 10(6) CFU/ml, respectively, which indicated the real antibacterial value of CMX against P. aeruginosa. However, the strains which showed higher MIC of greater than 800 micrograms/ml were rather few, that is, only 8 out of 105 (7.6%). Antibacterial action of CMX against Streptococcus (except Enterococcus), GNR from intestinal bacteria and anaerobic bacteria was favorable, and the stable and strong antibacterial action was shown against C. freundii, Enterobacter spp., S. marcescens and Proteus spp. (indole positive) which produce chromosome mediated beta-lactamase. On the other hand, the antibacterial action of CMX against GNF GNR except P. aeruginosa was unfavorable for P. cepacia, P. putida and A. xylosoxidans, but relatively favorable for A. calcoaceticus. As a result of MIC evaluation of reference drugs, S. aureus was resistant to CEZ, and Proteus spp. (indole-positive) was resistant to CP, while FRM was highly resisted by almost all strains of bacteria. However, the resistance rate of S. aureus to CP was relatively low, that is, as low as 16.1%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3906167 TI - [Clinical evaluation of lenampicillin in the treatment of superficial suppurative skin and soft tissue infection. A double-blind study comparing amoxicillin]. AB - A double-blind controlled clinical study between lenampicillin (LAPC), a newly developed oral ampicillin (ABPC) prodrug, and amoxicillin (AMPC) was conducted for the treatment of suppurative skin and soft tissue infection as grouped in 6 disease types. LAPC or AMPC were orally administered at a daily dose of 1,000 mg, in 4 equally divided doses. Each group was treated for 14 days. The results indicated that LAPC was equal to AMPC in evaluations of effectiveness and usefulness, although incidence of severe side effects was slightly lower in LAPC. The number of cases studied was 235 (115 in the LAPC group, 120 in the AMPC group). Among these, 10 patients (4 in LAPC, 6 in AMPC) were excluded and 12 patients (5 in LAPC, 7 in AMPC) dropped out. Final global improvement rating was evaluated in 213 patients (106 in LAPC, 107 in AMPC). General usefulness rating was evaluated in 215 patients (106 in LAPC, 109 in AMPC), and overall safety rating was evaluated in 231 patients (115 in LAPC, 116 in AMPC). Final global improvement rating of LAPC was, "cured", 55.7% and "cured" and "remarkably improved", 79.2%. The rate increased to 88.7% when "improved" was included. On the other hand, in the AMPC group, "cured" was 50.5%, and "cured" and "remarkably improved" was 76.6%. The rate increased to 91.6% when "improved" was included. No significant difference was found between the 2 drug groups. In overall safety rating of LAPC, "safe" was 93.9%, while in the AMPC group, "safe" was 94.0%. No significant difference was found between the 2 drug groups. Side effects were noted in 2 of 115 patients (1.7%) among the LAPC group and in 5 of 116 patients (4.3%) among the AMPC group. Incidence of severe side effects was slightly lower in LAPC (P less than 0.1). General usefulness rating of LAPC was, "remarkably useful", 56.6% and the rate increased to 86.8% when "useful" was included. In the AMPC group, "remarkably useful" was 51.4%, and increased to 84.4% when "useful" was included. No significant difference was found between the 2 drug groups. PMID- 3906169 TI - [Ultrasound diagnosis of breast cancer]. AB - In this paper, first, how to take good ultrasonic pictures of the breast and make correct diagnosis are discussed. The author stressed the earnest attitude to understand and master the apparatus and correlate ultrasonic pictures with cut surfaces or microscopical figures of the specimen. Secondly, diagnostic criteria preliminarily adopted by the Japan Society of Ultrasonics in Medicine are proposed and are explained practically. The elements of this criteria are shape, border, boundary echoes, internal echoes, posterior echoes, bilateral shadows, changes at surrounding tissues and longitudinal-transverse ratio. Lastly, pictures of the benign and malignant lesions of the breast are shown using typical examples. PMID- 3906168 TI - [Bactericidal activity of aspoxicillin in an in vitro model simulating human serum levels]. AB - Bactericidal activities of aspoxicillin (ASPC) against E. coli (2 strains) and K. pneumoniae (1 strain) were compared with those of piperacillin (PIPC) using in vitro kinetic models simulating human serum levels. In the model of intravenous injection, both drugs exhibited bactericidal action against the strains of E. coli. The activity of ASPC was found to superior to PIPC and ASPC could decrease viable cell counts from 10(7) cells/ml to 10(8) cells/ml. On the other hand, the bactericidal activity of ASPC against K. pneumoniae was weaker than that of PIPC. In the model of intravenous drip infusion, ASPC showed a high level of bactericidal activity comparable to that observed in the intravenous model against E. coli. Interestingly, the bactericidal activity of ASPC against K. pneumoniae in this model was similar to that of PIPC, though the MIC value of ASPC was higher than that of PIPC. In the intravenous model, the effects of ASPC and PIPC on the morphology of E. coli KC-14 were examined with a phase contrast microscope. Exposure to PIPC caused only an elongation of the cells, but the treatment with ASPC resulted in the formation of spheroplast-like structure of the cells, which were finally subjected to bacteriolysis. PMID- 3906170 TI - [Ultrasonic diagnosis of breast cancer--principle and practice]. AB - The ultrasonic diagnosis of breast cancer has been expected as a promising approach together with its various clinical advantages and with its improved diagnostic accuracy based on the advances in the ultrasonic tissue visualization techniques. Among various advanced new techniques for the ultrasonic breast tissue imaging such as C-mode display by realtime scanner, ultrasound CT, ultrasound holography, ultrasonic Doppler imaging, most usual ultrasonotomographic instruments which apply the modality of waterpath mechanical single linear and compound scanning are introduced from the point of the history of technical development, principle and practical procedure. PMID- 3906171 TI - [A controlled randomized clinical trial of adult acute leukemia]. PMID- 3906172 TI - [Bone marrow transplantation]. PMID- 3906173 TI - [Current status of autologous bone marrow transplantation in Japan]. PMID- 3906174 TI - [Bone marrow transplantation for the treatment of leukemia]. PMID- 3906175 TI - [Hypercalcemia after the conditioning of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in a patient with Burkitt's lymphoma]. PMID- 3906176 TI - [A case of posthepatitic severe aplastic anemia treated with allogenic bone marrow transplantation]. PMID- 3906177 TI - [Serum-free culture for hemopoietic cells]. PMID- 3906178 TI - [Bone marrow transplantation from a phenotypically identical mother in a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia]. PMID- 3906179 TI - [A case of severe aplastic anemia transplanted with allogeneic bone marrow following premedication by cyclophosphamide and subtotal lymphoid irradiation]. PMID- 3906180 TI - [Histolopathological classification of breast neoplasms and clinical pathology]. PMID- 3906181 TI - [New technology and prospects in the field of cytodiagnosis. A. Electron microscopy findings]. PMID- 3906182 TI - [Cytodiagnosis from the surgical viewpoint. A. Expectations of the surgeon in cytodiagnosis]. PMID- 3906183 TI - [A preface to breast cancer cytodiagnosis]. PMID- 3906184 TI - [Cytodiagnosis of breast neoplasms using nipple discharge]. PMID- 3906185 TI - [The present status of blood level measurements of drugs in central clinical laboratories of university and college hospitals in Japan]. PMID- 3906186 TI - [Comparison of i-PiT, TDX and EMIT measurement of serum phenytoin and digoxin levels]. PMID- 3906187 TI - [Differential points in the ultrasonographic diagnosis of biliary diseases]. PMID- 3906188 TI - [Common bile duct stones and intrahepatic stones]. PMID- 3906189 TI - [Total-body irradiation and bone marrow transplantation (2)]. PMID- 3906190 TI - [Ultrasonic diagnosis of bile duct cancer]. PMID- 3906191 TI - [Useful CT findings seen in two cases of intrapulmonary sequestration]. PMID- 3906192 TI - [A case of focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver]. PMID- 3906193 TI - [Energy subtraction utilizing Fuji computed radiography (FCR)]. PMID- 3906194 TI - [CT findings of a case of persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHPV)]. PMID- 3906195 TI - [Digital subtraction angiography of the cavernous sinus]. PMID- 3906196 TI - [Transbrachial arterial digital subtraction angiography--application to outpatients]. PMID- 3906197 TI - [Ultrasonic diagnosis of the female pelvis: normal anatomy]. PMID- 3906198 TI - [Ultrasonic patterns of the gallbladder in patients with acute liver damage]. PMID- 3906199 TI - [Quantitative measurement of the blood flow in the abdominal arteries using an ultrasonic pulsed Doppler duplex system]. PMID- 3906200 TI - [An autopsy case of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis associated with fulminant type A hepatitis]. PMID- 3906201 TI - [Induction of fluorescein mercuric acetate (FMA)-resistance and inactivation of FMA in clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae]. PMID- 3906203 TI - [A case of bilateral emphysematous pyelonephritis associated with diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 3906202 TI - [Comparison of the clinical usefulness of diuretics in elderly and younger essential hypertension--double blind trial using tripamide]. PMID- 3906204 TI - [On the inverse solution of electrocardiology]. PMID- 3906205 TI - [Hydrogel complexes as materials for artificial organs]. PMID- 3906206 TI - [Proteolytic destruction of a hemorrhagic toxin from the venom of the habu (Trimeresurus flavoviridis)]. AB - The major hemorrhagic principle (HR1B) in the venom of Habu (Trimeresurus flavoviridis), a crotalid, was found to be easily inactivated and hydrolyzed by a commercial protease (Nagarse). The ability of the hydrolysate to produce the toxin-neutralizing antibody has been shown to be comparable to or superior to those of two formol toxoids used as the controls, suggesting that inactivation of HR1B by the protease provides a new method for the preparation of Habu toxoid. PMID- 3906207 TI - [Pathophysiology and treatment of pancreatic diabetes]. PMID- 3906208 TI - Reversible hyperkalemia induced by flufenamic acid in asymptomatic hyporeninemic patient. AB - Reversible hyperkalemia induced by flufenamic acid in an asymptomatic hyporeninemic patient with IgA nephropathy is reported. Flufenamic acid, 600 mg daily, was given for four months to a 64-year-old woman with biopsy proven IgA nephropathy. This produced hyperkalemia, hypertension and congestive heart failure with slowly progressive renal impairment. We conclude that a further suppression of the renin angiotensin system causing selective hypoaldosteronism together with the nephrotoxic effects of this drug may have been responsible for hyperkalemia in this patient. PMID- 3906209 TI - Role of carotid chemoreceptors in control of breathing at rest and in exercise: studies on human subjects with bilateral carotid body resection. AB - Control of ventilation at rest and in exercise was studied in subjects whose carotid bodies were bilaterally resected (BR) for the treatment of bronchial asthma some 30 years ago. Ventilatory activities of the carotid body were estimated to be responsible for about 90% and about 30% of the hypoxic and hypercapnic responses, respectively. The BR subjects still revealed a weak hypoxic chemosensitivity, called residual hypoxic response (RHR). The nature of RHR was discussed in detail. Exercise hyperpnea was found to be depressed in the BR subjects when compared with the subjects with similarly impared pulmonary function. This result appears to support the oscillation hypothesis in explaining exercise hyperpnea. PMID- 3906210 TI - [Interruption of the inferior vena cava with azygos continuation]. PMID- 3906211 TI - [A case of primary rhabdomyosarcoma of the pulmonary trunk]. PMID- 3906212 TI - [Suture technics of tracheobronchial reconstruction]. PMID- 3906213 TI - [Clinical experience in the use of 5F torque control Judkins catheters for coronary angiography in adult patients]. PMID- 3906214 TI - [Infectious mechanism in experimental cystitis of mice. II. Influence of endotoxin]. PMID- 3906215 TI - [The progress in mass screening for prostatic diseases by transrectal ultrasonotomography]. PMID- 3906216 TI - Isolation and some properties of Staphylococcus hyicus subsp. hyicus from pigs, chickens and cows. PMID- 3906217 TI - Secretory responses of insulin, glucagon and 11-hydroxycorticosteroids to arginine injection in calves exposed to heat. PMID- 3906218 TI - [The short course therapies by Ryoken's method. 9 month and 12 month regimens including rifampicin (RFP) plus isoniazid (INH) in bacteriologically proved pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 3906221 TI - [Blood ultrafiltration in cardiac surgery patients]. PMID- 3906220 TI - [Highlights of nursing history after World War II: new curriculum of nursing education]. PMID- 3906219 TI - [Social issues in the history of nursing after World War II: establishment of Ministry of Welfare, Nursing Training and Research Center for nurse educators]. PMID- 3906222 TI - [Postembolic pulmonary artery diseases]. PMID- 3906223 TI - [V.P. Obraztsov's school and its role in the establishment of cardiology in the USSR]. PMID- 3906224 TI - [Fibronectin content of the intima of normal and atherosclerotic arteries]. AB - An immunofluorescent study demonstrated the localization of fibronectin and collagen of types 1, 3, 4 and 5 in normal arterial intima and atherosclerotic patches. In the atherosclerotic patches, fibronectin is mostly grouped among cells of smooth-muscle origin together with collagen of type 4, while the fibrous tissue of the patches contains little fibronectin. It is assumed that changed extracellular matrix composition reflects the development of atherosclerotic patches, and fibronectin can be regarded as a marker of early stages of atherosclerosis. PMID- 3906225 TI - Hypercoagulability, renal vein thrombosis, and other thrombotic complications of nephrotic syndrome. PMID- 3906226 TI - Specific defects in insulin-mediated muscle metabolism in acute uremia. AB - The mechanisms underlying the abnormal insulin-mediated muscle glucose metabolism occurring in acute uremia (ARF) have not been identified. To characterize the defects, insulin dose-response curves for glucose uptake, glycogen synthesis, glucose oxidation, glycolysis, and lactate release were measured in incubated rat epitrochlearis muscles. ARF did not affect insulin sensitivity, but decreased the responsiveness to insulin of glucose uptake, glycogen synthesis, and glucose oxidation. Glycogen synthesis was subnormal at all levels of insulin and at the maximal insulin concentration; it was 54% lower in muscles of ARF compared to control rats. This inhibition of glycogen synthesis in ARF could be caused by a 23% decrease in the total activity of muscle glycogen synthase and the percentage of enzyme in the activated form. Glycogen phosphorylase activity was unchanged by ARF. ARF also increased the ratio of muscle lactate release to glucose uptake at concentrations of insulin from 10 to 10(4) microU/ml. In the absence and presence of insulin, muscle protein degradation was increased by ARF. In individual muscles incubated with insulin, the rate of proteolysis was correlated with the ratio of lactate release to glucose uptake (r = + 0.82; P less than 0.01). From the insulin dose-response relationships and changes in enzyme activities, we conclude that ARF increases protein degradation in muscle and causes abnormal insulin-mediated glucose metabolism. The abnormalities in glucose metabolism are caused by changes in post-receptor events. PMID- 3906227 TI - Effects of acetate and bicarbonate dialysate in stable chronic dialysis patients. AB - The effects of acetate and bicarbonate dialysate on the biochemical and clinical parameters of 16 stable chronic hemodialysis patients were investigated in a double-blind crossover study. A central delivery system was used for both types of dialysates with identical sodium concentrations (138 mEq/liter) and osmolality in a single-pass dialysate flow. The results indicate that dialysis with bicarbonate leads to significantly less hypoxemia (P less than or equal to 0.001) and hypotensive episodes (P less than or equal to 0.002) than with acetate. Pre- to post-dialysis blood pressure changes were also more marked during acetate dialysis. Older patients with recurrent hypotension on acetate benefit most from bicarbonate dialysate. This group of patients appears to metabolize acetate more slowly and has a significantly lower post-dialysis bicarbonate concentration (P less than or equal to 0.005) than asymptomatic patients during dialysis with acetate dialysate. PMID- 3906228 TI - Interleukin 2 production by peripheral blood lymphocytes in allograft recipients during acute rejection episodes. AB - In this study we investigate the relationship between the Interleukin 2 (IL-2) yield produced by kidney allograft recipient's peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) under lectin stimulation and the occurrence of acute rejection episodes. PBL were harvested prospectively before grafting, after grafting in steady-state period, and at the onset of acute rejection episodes. In addition, we tested retrospectively the ability of PBL of recipients engrafted for more than 1 yr to produce IL-2. IL-2 levels were assessed on the IL-2-dependent CTL-L2 murine cell line. Our data show: 1) before grafting, hemodialysed patients (N = 14) produced normal IL-2 yield compared with healthy donors (N = 21); 2) the IL-2 secretion of PBL of recipients with good graft function (N = 18) is decreased markedly during roughly the first 12 months following transplantation (P less than 0.01); 3) when acute rejection crisis occurred during this time period (N = 24), a sharp and highly significant increment (P less than 0.01) in lectin-induced IL-2 production of recipient's PBL was seen. After 1 yr, the capacity to secrete IL-2 upon lectin stimulation tends to be restored. Finally, our data correlate rejection and high PBL-IL-2 secretion clearly at a time when recipients with well-functioning grafts have markedly impaired IL-2 secretion. PMID- 3906229 TI - [Changes in the surface-active properties of endobronchial washings from peritonitis patients]. PMID- 3906230 TI - [Primary esophagoplasty using a gastric tube in esophageal cancer]. PMID- 3906231 TI - [Treatment of hemorrhaging pyloroduodenal ulcers complicated by perforation]. PMID- 3906232 TI - [Modification of Martynov's method for inguinoplasty in children]. PMID- 3906233 TI - [Treatment of perforated gastroduodenal ulcers]. PMID- 3906234 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of duodenogastric reflux and reflux gastritis (a review of the literature)]. PMID- 3906235 TI - [Diagnostic and therapeutic potentials of endoscopy of the operated stomach (a review of the literature)]. PMID- 3906236 TI - [Hyperbaric oxygenation in the combined treatment of diffuse suppurative peritonitis (a review of the literature)]. PMID- 3906237 TI - [Current methods of detoxification sorption (a review of the literature)]. PMID- 3906238 TI - [Postoperative complications and their treatment in acute surgical diseases of the abdominal organs (a review of the literature)]. PMID- 3906239 TI - [Acute gastroduodenal ulcers and erosion complicated by hemorrhage]. PMID- 3906240 TI - [Petr Andreevich Zagorskii (on the 220th anniversary of his birth)]. PMID- 3906241 TI - [Boris Edmundovich Linberg (on the centenary of his birth)]. PMID- 3906242 TI - [Pathogenesis and prevention of suture failure of the duodenal stump following gastric resection]. PMID- 3906243 TI - [Role of hemosorption and peritoneal dialysis in treating patients with diffuse suppurative peritonitis]. PMID- 3906244 TI - [Clinical evaluation of hyperglycemia, glucosuria and acetonuria following emergency operations]. PMID- 3906245 TI - [2 methods of jejunogastroplasty in gastrectomy]. PMID- 3906246 TI - [Efficacy of troxerutin on the flow properties of blood under defined conditions of circulation. A double-blind study of patients with diabetic retinopathy and arteriosclerotic retinopathy]. AB - In a clinically controlled double-blind study it was demonstrated that tri (hydroxyethyl)-rutin is not capable of significantly improving blood viscosity or one of its constituent factors. On the basis of data from 58 patients, none of whom was under 43 years old, it was possible to show that the substance tested has no favorable influence on plasma viscosity, erythrocyte deformability and aggregation, or on the concentration of plasma proteins which promote aggregation. Thus, in the very group of patients for whom an improvement in blood flow properties by means of oral administration of tri-(hydroxyethyl)rutin had been hoped for, no therapeutic effect could be demonstrated. PMID- 3906247 TI - [Corneal symptoms in keratoconjunctivitis caused by Chlamydia]. AB - Between December 1983 and June 1984 280 patients with keratoconjunctivitis had a laboratory work-up for Chlamydia trachomatis infections. Serologic or culture tests produced positive results in 114 cases. Of these, 3 were neonatal blennorrheas and 111 chlamydial keratoconjunctivitides in adults. Corneal involvement was seen in 57 patients. Diffuse punctate keratopathy was noted frequently. Stromal infiltrates were sometimes found in the limbal area distributed evenly over the cornea. Corneal scars were diagnosed in 11 patients and pannus vasculosus in 2. The clinical range of corneal symptoms in chlamydial infections is illustrated with reference to 4 patients. PMID- 3906249 TI - [Topographic-anatomic position of the posterior chamber lens]. AB - The present paper reports on a macroscopic and scanning electron microscope examination of a human cadaver eye with implanted posterior chamber lens (Simcoe type). The actual position of the lens haptics after planned sulcus ciliaris fixation is illustrated. PMID- 3906248 TI - [Naftidrofuryl in the treatment of simple diabetic retinopathy. A double-blind study]. AB - During a randomized double-blind study 23 patients with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy were treated orally with 600 mg Naftidrofuryl daily for six months, while 25 patients served as control group. Measurements of visual acuity and fundus photography were performed before and after 3 and 6 months of observation. Measurement of visual acuity showed a significant deterioration in the functional state of eyes in the control group. This deterioration was clearly less pronounced in the treated group, though not statistically significant. There was no significant change in the amount of exudation in either group. In contrast, retinal bleeding and the number of microaneurysms increased significantly both within the control group as well as compared with the treated group (p less than 0.05). This progression was checked to a significant extent in the treated group. Thus, the overall assessment of therapy indicated that Naftidrofuryl treatment brought significant advantages (p less than 0.05). PMID- 3906250 TI - [Malignant teratoid medulloepithelioma of the ciliary body and glial fibrillary acidic protein. Clinical, histochemical and immunohistochemical findings]. AB - In a four-year-old boy a malignant teratoid medulloepithelioma of the ciliary body was removed by means of an 11.0 X 11.0 mm "block excision". Two years later the patients visual acuity was 0.6. The lesion originates in the nonpigmented ciliary epithelium, extending along the lens equator to the pupillary zone and through the iris stroma into the anterior chamber. The tumor shows tubular structures with hyaluronic acid, "retinal rosettes", and areas with ganglion and GFAP-positive glial cells. The immunohistochemical demonstration of the glial fibrillary acidic protein is also of diagnostic value for the classification of tumors of the nonpigmented ciliary epithelium. PMID- 3906251 TI - [Necrotizing pseudomonas infection of the eyelids and lacrimal ducts with orbital involvement in a newborn infant]. AB - A newborn boy presented with severe, bilateral, necrotic blepharitis and dacryocystitis caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The possible etiology of this infection would be a transient neutropenia and a chemical blepharoconjunctivitis caused by Crede's prophylaxis. The relentless course of the necrosis could only be stopped by maximum-dose topical and systemic antibiotic therapy; the visual function of the right eye, however, was lost owing to a keratititis e lagophthalmo. PMID- 3906252 TI - [Keratomalacia perforans, clinical and pathohistologic findings]. AB - This report deals on the course of disease in an 82-year-old patient with keratomalacia perforans with seropositive chronic polyarthritis. In the more severely affected eye there was a marginal corneal ulcer extending over two quadrants and close to perforation. Six months after total keratoplasty, in which the corneal transplant including marginal scleral tissue was resected and transplanted, a recurrent ulcer was observed at the same location. It proved impossible to prevent rejection of the transplanted tissue despite therapy with antiphlogistic and immunsuppressive drugs. The ulcer subsequently perforated. Histologically a plasmacellular infiltration was observed which was more severe in the areas close to the perforation. PMID- 3906253 TI - [Rise and fall of the German University Eye Clinic in Prague]. AB - The German University in Prague was founded in 1348 by the German Emperor Karl IV. However, it was not until 1808 that an eye clinic was established there, by Johann Nepomuk Fischer; the clinic was incorporated into the university in 1820. Fischer retired in 1847 and was succeeded by Ferdinand Arlt, though not as professor in ordinary. Fortunately, the chair in Prague was offered to Arlt before he had definitively accepted a call to Leipzig. During the period 1856 to 1883 Ferdinand Ritter von Arlt held the chair of ophthalmology in Vienna, an ophthalmic center of high repute. One of his most famous pupils was Albrecht von Graefe, of Berlin. Josef von Hasner directed the Prague Eye Clinic from 1856 to 1883, followed by Hubert Sattler (1886-1891). Isidor Schnabel was professor in Prague from 1891 to 1895, before going to Vienna. His successor, Wilhelm Paul Czermak, directed the Prague Eye Clinic from 1895 to 1906. He was followed by Isidor Schnabel's most outstanding pupil, Anton Elschnig, a Styrian by birth, who held the chair from 1907 to 1933. Under Elschnig's guidance the Prague University Eye Clinic reached a high international standard. Professor Elschnig retired in 1933 and died in Vienna in 1939 following a street accident. Elschnig's successor was his former assistant Jaroslav Kubik; he had to relinquish the chair after the Germans occupied Czechoslovakia because his wife was Jewish.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3906254 TI - [Somatomedins and their significance in pediatrics]. AB - Somatomedins are polypeptide hormones (MW: 7500 Daltons) whose plasma concentrations are largely governed by growth hormone secretion. Somatomedins stimulate cartilage growth and mitosis and growth of several extraskeletal cell types. Somatomedins also display insulin-like activity in adipose tissue. Presently four different human somatomedins are known. Somatomedin C (SmC) and insulin like growth factor I (IGF I) turned out to be identical peptides. TO a large extent they are regulated by growth hormone. Thus they mediate growth hormone action at the tissue level. Insulin-like growth factor II (IGF II) is only minimally dependent on growth hormone secretion. Its definite biological role for growth remains to be established. The somatomedins are bound to larger carrier proteins in the circulation. Somatomedins are synthesized in mesenchymal cells of multiple organs, especially in the liver and kidneys. Somatomedins are of clinical relevance for the diagnosis of growth disturbances due to pituitary disorders. In pituitary dwarfism radioimmunological SmC/IGF plasma levels are decreased whereas in acromegaly they are increased. In a small percentage of patients both with pituitary dwarfism and acromegaly normal SmC/IGF I concentrations are encountered. These facts demonstrate that SmC/IGF I determinations cannot replace common diagnostic procedures in the analysis of growth disorders. The reliability of low SmC/IGF I concentrations is limited in conditions like low-calorie malnutrition, malabsorption, various storage diseases, hypothyroidism, chronic liver and kidney diseases, because in these disorders low SmC/IGF I plasma concentrations occur despite high growth hormone levels. PMID- 3906255 TI - [Recent aspects of vitamin E in pediatrics]. AB - New aspects of vitamin E metabolism have demonstrated new indications for its use in pediatrics. With respect to the retrolental fibroplasia of prematures under intensive care it can be stated that vitamin E does not necessarily prevent this complication but surely can decrease its severity. For the intensive care of newborns it is of importance that vitamin E is apparently able to decrease the frequency of intraventricular hemorrhage. The effect of vitamin E on the metabolism of prostaglandins opens new insights in the understanding of thrombocyte aggregation and atherogenesis. There may be a possible indication for the substitution of vitamin E in patients with diabetes mellitus type I. PMID- 3906256 TI - [Real-time sonography of the infant hip joint in the early diagnosis of congenital hip dysplasia]. AB - The ultrasonic examination of infant hip joint means a great advantage in early diagnosis of congenital hip dysplasia. The sonographic type classification by Graf enables the experienced examiner to make up a differentiated diagnostic therapeutic concept as early as possible. Therapeutic omissions just as well as exaggerated therapeutic measures can be avoided. Consequently the prognosis of hip joint dysplasia is considerably improved by ultrasonic examination of new born hip joints. PMID- 3906257 TI - [The tethered cord syndrome]. AB - The "tethered cord syndrome" as a complication of spinal dysraphism is probably more important than assumed earlier. An abnormally low position of the conus medullaris is caused by different anomalies: e.g. adhesions, lumbosacral lipoma, tight filum terminale. In some patients no skinny changes can be detected. A "tethered cord syndrome" should be considered, if neuromuscular skeletal changes as club-foot, scoliosis, muscular atrophy of disturbances of gait, sensibility or function of bladder and rectum are recognized. It is also a result of a inadequately operated meningomyelocele. For experienced examiners sonography is an interesting non-invasive diagnostic procedure during infancy. The diagnosis should be completed by spinal computerized tomography and myelography. Surgery should be performed prophylactically. The "tethered cord syndrome" is explained by case histories of the University Hospital of Children, Freiburg. PMID- 3906258 TI - Effects of sulfonylureas and clofibrate on insulin receptors in cultured human lymphocytes. PMID- 3906259 TI - [Local infiltration hypothermia and its use in arresting hemorrhages]. PMID- 3906260 TI - [The medical activities of S. P. Botkin in Simferopol during the Crimean War]. PMID- 3906261 TI - [Excerpts from the unpublished manuscript of M. P. Konchalovskii, "My Life, Encounters and Impressions"]. PMID- 3906262 TI - [History of the study of seasickness]. PMID- 3906263 TI - [Autonomic nervous system functions and the clinical manifestations of their disorders]. PMID- 3906264 TI - [Nervous system lesions in sarcoidosis]. PMID- 3906265 TI - [Vascular diseases of the brain (resolved and unresolved problems)]. PMID- 3906267 TI - [Hygiene of daily meals of pilots]. AB - The hygienic approaches to daily meals for the flying personnel while on the ground are discussed from the historical point of view. It is indicated that the hygienic requirements for the chemical composition of the daily diet are related to the physiological norms accepted by the nutritional science in the USSR and other countries at various stages of its development. It is shown that the present-day diets for the flying personnel are of high caloric value. The basic physiological and hygienic requirements for the daily diets are given. PMID- 3906266 TI - [Effect of positive pressure breathing on hemodynamics in patients with borderline arterial hypertension during water immersion]. AB - Patients with borderline hypertension were exposed, while being immersed, to positive pressure breathing. During exposure cardiac output (CO), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), total peripheral resistance (TPR), left ventricle work (W), blood content of head vessels (Qh), upper and lower lung lobes (Qu1 and Q11), liver (Q1) were measured. During immersion CO and MAD decreased, HR and TPR increased slightly, and W diminished. Simultaneously Qh, Qu1 and Q11 increased significantly while Q1 decreased considerably, indicating blood "centralization" during simulated microgravity. Courses of positive pressure breathing led to decreases in Qh, Qu1, Q11 and increase in Q1, i. e., they caused blood to be displaced from the head and lungs to the liver. Thus, the liver plays the role of a physiological pool which accumulates blood removed from the upper body by positive pressure. PMID- 3906268 TI - [Individual differences in the regulation and degree of maximal uptake of oxygen]. AB - Neuronal and hormonal mechanisms responsible for the differences in the maximum oxygen consumption are discussed. The subjects with electroencephalographic and sensory signs of stimulating reticular-hypothalamic-amygdalic effects balanced with inhibitory cortical-striatic-septic-hippocampal-epiphyseal effects showed a high oxygen consumption, moderate excretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine, moderate plasma concentrations of ACTH, cortisol, total and free 11-OHCS and insulin, relatively high concentrations of STH, as well as specific dynamics of hormonal and metabolic reactions to aerobic effects. They included a moderate increase of the excretion of dopamine, DOPA and plasma concentrations of ACTH, a comparatively stable level of cortisol, total and free 11-OHCS, drastic increases of norepinephrine excretion and STH, lactate and pyruvate concentrations, a moderate decrease of insulin and pH levels. The subjects with high hypothalamic reticular-amygdalic effects exhibited an opposite type of endocrine activity and time-course variations of hormonal-metabolic parameters, as well as low values of oxygen consumption. PMID- 3906269 TI - [Small-size piezotransducer with elastic protector for dynamic studies of biological objects]. PMID- 3906270 TI - Lipid peroxidation and cellular damage in toxic liver injury. PMID- 3906271 TI - Expression of microtubule-associated proteins, MAP-1 and MAP-2, in human neuroblastomas and differential diagnosis of immature neuroblasts. AB - The expression of microtubule-associated proteins, MAP-1 and MAP-2, was studied in human neuroblastomas at various developmental stages using the immuno-alkaline phosphatase technique and immunofluorescence microscopy. Of 15 cases examined, including grade I, grade II, and grade III neuroblastomas (M. Hughes, H. B. Marsden, and M. K. Palmer, Cancer 34:1706, 1974), rabbit antibodies raised against individual MAP-1 and MAP-2 from mammalian brain showed strong reactions with the whole spectrum of tumor cells including the immature small neuroblasts, partially mature neuroblasts, neurofibrils, and ganglion cells. Antibodies to alpha- and beta-tubulin showed similar staining patterns. In contrast, antibodies to the Mr = 200.000 neurofilament protein were reactive only with the mature and partially mature tumor cells, as well as with neurofibrils, but not with immature "round-cell" neuroblasts. Other types of round-cell tumors examined, including several cases of Ewing's sarcoma, undifferentiated rhabdomyosarcoma, and malignant lymphoma, showed no reaction with antibodies to MAP-1 and MAP-2. These tumors were reactive, however, with antibodies to various other tumor-specific as well as nonspecific antigens. It is concluded that antibodies to neuronal MAPs provide a valuable new tool for the differential diagnosis of neuroblastomas. PMID- 3906272 TI - Orthotopic porcine liver transplantation: operative technique. AB - Considerable interest in experimental liver transplantation has been generated recently due to improvements in the results of clinical liver transplantation efforts. An operative technique for orthotopic porcine liver transplantation is presented which represents modifications of and improvements to previously published techniques. Salient features of the technique include (1) use of a diaphragmatic cuff for the suprahepatic inferior vena cava anastomosis, (2) use of a splenojugular shunt, (3) omission of caval shunts, and (4) use of isoflurane as the primary anesthetic agent. This operative technique has provided excellent survival rates in our transplanted animals. PMID- 3906273 TI - Macrophage-mediated modulation of hepatic function in multiple-system failure. AB - Hepatic insufficiency associated with the multiple-system organ-failure (MSOF) syndrome is a frequent sequellae of sepsis and severe trauma. Although its etiology is poorly understood, there is a growing literature suggesting that it may be mediated in part by secretory products of cells of monocyte/macrophage lineage including Kupffer cells. Several investigators have reported in vitro macrophage/Kupffer cell-mediated cytotoxicity toward target cells following appropriate stimulation. In addition, in vivo hepatocyte toxicity has been documented following activation of the reticuloendothelial system. The role of several secretory products including active oxygen intermediates, neutral proteases, and interleukin 1 in this cell-mediated model of hepatocellular modulation is reviewed. PMID- 3906274 TI - Henoch-Schonlein purpura. A review. PMID- 3906276 TI - A centennial celebration: Pasteur and the modern era of immunization. PMID- 3906275 TI - Louis Pasteur commemorated on French five franc note. PMID- 3906277 TI - EKG of the month: right bundle branch block associated with cardiac rejection. PMID- 3906278 TI - The effects of steroid hormones and gonadotropins on in vitro placental conversion of pregnenolone to progesterone. AB - Using human term placental mitochondrial preparations, optimal conversion of [3H]pregnenolone to [3H]progesterone was obtained at 30 min incubation and with a mitochondrial protein content of 2.5-3.5 mg/ml. Estradiol, estrone, progesterone and testosterone in a dose range of 0.03-8.66 mumol inhibited the in vitro conversion of [3H]pregnenolone to [3H]progesterone by placental homogenates. All four steroids inhibited the pregnenolone to progesterone conversion in a dose dependent manner. The ID50 (dose required to inhibit conversion of pregnenolone to progesterone by 50%) was 0.04 mumol for estradiol, 0.13 mumol for testosterone, 0.3 mumol for progesterone and 1.0 mumol for estriol. Neither gonadotropin releasing hormone (50-1000 ng) nor human chorionic gonadotropin (5 500 IU) affected the placental basal conversion rate of pregnenolone to progesterone in vitro. Our findings indicate that steroid hormones such as estradiol, estrone, testosterone and progesterone can inhibit local placental progesterone biosynthesis through inhibition of the enzyme complex 5-ene-3 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. PMID- 3906279 TI - The hypertensinogenic activity of 19-nor-deoxycorticosterone in the adrenalectomized spontaneously hypertensive rat. AB - Infusions of 10 or 25 micrograms/day 19-nor-DOC for 2 weeks in adrenalectomized spontaneously hypertensive rats led to significant increases in blood pressure, 55 and 70 mmHg respectively. This study provides further evidence that 19-nor-DOC is a potent hypertensinogenic steroid and that the ADX SHR model is a useful, sensitive bioassay system to test for hypertensinogenic activity. PMID- 3906280 TI - Naloxone fails to reverse blood pressure in shock: a double blind study in man. PMID- 3906281 TI - Searching for interacting surfaces of proteins--the improved method. PMID- 3906282 TI - Marrow transplantation for leukemia following fractionated total body irradiation. A comparative trial of methotrexate and cyclosporine. AB - Fifty-six patients, 30-47 yr of age, with leukemia in relapse received allogeneic marrow transplants from HLA-identical siblings. All patients were treated with cyclophosphamide (120 mg/kg) and 7 daily fractions of 2.25 Gy of total body irradiation (TBI) for seven consecutive days. Nine patients (16%) are currently alive and free of disease 324-845 days from transplantation. The actuarial relapse and survival rates at 2 yr were 56% and 9.5% respectively. These data were not remarkably different from those in previous studies using 10 Gy of TBI administered as a single dose. Thirty patients were randomized to receive methotrexate (MTX) and 26 to receive cyclosporine (CSP) as postgrafting prophylaxis for acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). The probability of developing significant acute GVHD by day 100 post-transplant was 71% for patients in the MTX group and 45% for patients in the CSP group (p less than 0.05). The probability of relapse was 37% for patients in the MTX group and 70% for patients in the CSP group (p less than 0.05). Transplant-related deaths were more frequent in the MTX group and leukemic deaths were more frequent in the CSP group although this may have been related to an uneven distribution of high-risk patients. Long term disease-free survival was comparable. Patients in the MTX group had more severe mucositis, more alveolar pneumonias and possibly more deaths due to complications of acute and chronic GVHD. Patients in the CSP group had a higher incidence of hypertension, neurological complications and renal dysfunction. PMID- 3906283 TI - Lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1) is a marker of mature (immunocompetent) lymphoid cells. A survey of lymphoproliferative diseases in man. AB - Lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1) is a membrane glycoprotein involved in a wide variety of functional activities mediated by human leukocytes. For example, expression of LFA-1 is required on immunoregulatory lymphocytes for functional activity. The appearance of LFA-1 in lymphocyte ontogeny was studied using leukemic cells as probes of distinct maturation stages. LFA-1 was expressed on the neoplastic cells of all mature T-cell neoplasias including T prolymphocytic leukemia cells but not on immature T-cell blasts in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The expanded T gamma-cell population in T gamma lymphocytosis patients expressed very high amounts of LFA-1 compared to normal T cells. The malignant cells in B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia and common acute lymphoblastic leukemia were negative in all cases tested except one. In all B prolymphocytic leukemia's and some of the B-Non Hodgkin's lymphoma patients the neoplastic cells expressed LFA-1. The plasma cells in two patients with plasmacytoma were found to lack LFA-1. It is concluded that LFA-1 is expressed on mature immunocompetent lymphocytes and their neoplastic counterparts. PMID- 3906285 TI - Diagnosis of meningeal leukemia using immunoperoxidase methods to demonstrate common acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells in cerebrospinal fluid. AB - The immunological phenotype of cells in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was determined with immunoperoxidase techniques. A medium was used which allowed cells to stand at room temperature for 24 h without appreciable loss of cells. From 62 patients a total number of 208 CSF specimens were analysed. It proved possible to perform 4 determinations and a control reaction on 2.5 ml of CSF: cell count, cytology, E-rosetting and staining with a monoclonal antibody, provided that more than 1 cell per mm3 were present. This study focussed on the presence of the common acute lymphoblastic leukemia marker (cALL, determined with the monoclonal antibody J5). All 21 CSF specimens containing more than 5% cALL positive cells were from patients with an initial diagnosis of common ALL, 8 of these samples were considered to be normal and 3 uncertain by standard cytological criteria. Six of the 8 samples which were cytologically normal, were from patients who had clear meningeal involvement at diagnosis, or developed a relapse later. There were no patients who developed a meningeal relapse on cytological criteria that was not detected by immunocytology. In one patient a cytological diagnosis of meningeal relapse was not confirmed by immunocytology, this patient is disease free 2 yr later without cytostatic treatment. Immunoperoxidase methods to detect cALL positive cells in CSF are an invaluable aid to the diagnosis of meningeal leukemia. PMID- 3906284 TI - A monoclonal antibody (NAT-9 II:3F-6F) that identifies a differentiation antigen on human myeloid cells. AB - A monoclonal antibody, designated NAT-9 II:3F-6F (IgM), was generated by hybridization of mouse myeloma cells with spleen cell from mice immunized with normal human bone marrow cells. The antibody reacted with 40-60% of bone marrow cells as analysed on samples from 40 normal individuals and only with a subpopulation of human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells of the M2 class (20/20 tested) and M4 class (12/12 tested) (subclasses of the French-American-British (FAB) classification), but not with leukemic cells of the M1 (0/12 tested) and M5 (0/12 tested) FAB subclasses. This is in contrast to many other myeloid-specific monoclonal antibodies. Fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) analyses and morphological examination of cells stained with peroxidase as based on the NAT-9 II:3F-6F monoclonal antibody showed that this antibody reacted with a distant differentiation antigen which is absent on myeloblasts, but expressed on promyelocytes, myelocytes, metamyelocytes, band neutrophils, and on a minority of mature granulocytes. NAT-9 II:3F-6F did not bind to circulating monocytes, T and B cells, erythrocytes and a variety of different human cell culture lines. Immunoblotting demonstrated that the antibody bind to a cellular component with a Mr approximately 97.400 dalton. The antibody may be useful in immunological subclassification of non-lymphoid leukemias and in studies on hematopoiesis. PMID- 3906286 TI - [Clinical use of adhesive resin cements]. PMID- 3906287 TI - Insulin absorption from the peritoneal cavity. PMID- 3906288 TI - Assessment of metabolic bone disease: review of new nuclear medicine procedures. AB - In the management of patients with metabolic bone disease, nuclear medicine laboratories offer two nontraumatic procedures of potential clinical importance: bone mineral measurements and bone scintigraphy. Bone mineral measurements from the radius, lumbar spine, and hip obtained with use of absorptiometry or computed tomography can be used to predict the risk of fracture at these skeletal sites, can determine the severity of bone loss for the assessment of a benefit-versus risk ratio on which appropriate therapy can be based, and can substantiate the effectiveness of therapy over time. Bone scintigraphy with use of labeled diphosphonate allows assessment of focal and, in defined circumstances, of total skeletal bone turnover in patients with normal kidney function. Both of these techniques have been used successfully in studies of population groups for the evaluation of trends. Their application to the management of individual patients is currently being evaluated. PMID- 3906289 TI - Thyroiditis: a clinical update. AB - Thyroiditis may be categorized as acute (suppurative), subacute (granulomatous or lymphocytic), or chronic (invasive fibrous or lymphocytic). Acute suppurative thyroiditis is typically caused by a bacterial infection and resolves with appropriate antibiotic treatment. The subacute thyroiditides are characterized by spontaneously resolving hyperthyroidism associated with low radioiodine uptake, often followed by transient hypothyroidism. Neck pain is the initial symptom in subacute granulomatous thyroiditis, and the disorder recurs only in a minority of patients. Subacute lymphocytic thyroiditis is typically painless, often occurs in the postpartum period, and is being increasingly recognized in the Great Lakes area of the United States. Invasive fibrous thyroiditis (Riedel's struma) is exceedingly rare, often mimics carcinoma, and is associated with extracervical foci of fibrosclerosis. Chronic lymphocytic (Hashimoto's) thyroiditis, an organ specific autoimmune disease, occurs in at least 2% of women. Although the disorder often produces hypothyroidism, the type of thyroid dysfunction present in patients with Hashimoto's disease reflects the character of the dominant thyroid autoantibody--that is, destructive, blocking, or stimulatory. PMID- 3906290 TI - Hypoglycemia: fact or fiction? AB - Many misconceptions continue to persist in both the lay and the professional literature regarding the proper approach to the diagnosis and treatment of hypoglycemia. Often, patients with a symptom complex suggestive of hypoglycemia have normal levels of plasma glucose in association with these symptoms. The major diagnostic error is the failure to document hypoglycemia (that is, record plasma glucose levels) at the time the patient is spontaneously symptomatic. This review details the requirements necessary for glucose homeostasis, defines organic hypoglycemia, and demonstrates a logical approach to the diagnosis and treatment of patients with this symptom complex. PMID- 3906291 TI - The physiology and pathophysiology of vitamin D. AB - The vitamin D endocrine system plays an important role in the maintenance of normal calcium homeostasis. Abnormalities of this system occur in many conditions, such as rickets, osteomalacia, hypoparathyroidism, and hyperparathyroidism. The diagnosis and treatment of these disorders will be facilitated if the clinician understands the general mechanisms by which defects in vitamin D metabolism and action occur. We review this information and discuss the use and limitations of vitamin D metabolite assays for diagnosis of clinical disorders of mineral metabolism. PMID- 3906292 TI - Dante and medicine. PMID- 3906293 TI - The neuropathology of Alzheimer's disease: a review with pathogenetic, aetiological and therapeutic considerations. AB - The neuropathology of Alzheimer's disease is reviewed in this paper emphasizing the morphological and morphometric changes that occur in the disease and their relationship to age and ageing. From this, a new hypothesis of pathogenesis is presented which accounts for the pattern of neuronal damage in Alzheimer's disease. This is that the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease begins with a leakage of a neurotoxin through a defective cortical blood brain barrier. This incites development of the senile plaque and later, via a retrograde transport of the same (or different) factors, intracellular neurofibrillary tangle formation and death of neurones within areas of cortex affected by plaques and in subcortical areas such as nucleus basalis of Meynert, locus caeruleus and dorsal raphe nuclei, all of which project to these same areas of cortex. Evidence consistent with this hypothesis is presented and the aetiological and therapeutic implications are discussed. PMID- 3906294 TI - Versatile microcomputer-based system for the capture, storage and processing of spectrum-analysed Doppler ultrasound blood flow signals. PMID- 3906295 TI - The adoption and diffusion of CT and MRI in the United States. A comparative analysis. AB - This study examines and compares the rates and patterns of diffusion of computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) over the first 4 years of their availability. Although early diffusion of CT was more rapid than that of MRI, adoption of MRI in nonhospital settings equaled that of CT. Analysis of attributes of the technologies and attributes of the regulatory, reimbursement, and market environments surrounding the early diffusion of these technologies provides insight into their different diffusion patterns. In particular, the technical and financial uncertainties surrounding MRI have inhibited its diffusion compared with that of CT. Medicare's DRG-based prospective reimbursement system and certificate-of-need (CON) regulation by states have reduced overall MRI diffusion and stimulated purchases of MRI by nonhospital organizations. The FDA's premarket approval (PMA) program has changed marketing strategies and influenced the diffusion of MRI to a lesser degree. This analysis identifies problems in how the present health care system evaluates and adopts new, expensive, diagnostic technologies and suggests changes to make the system more responsive to present needs. PMID- 3906296 TI - [Candidiasis and Candida blood infection. Re-examination of a current problem]. PMID- 3906297 TI - [Evaluation of the antihypertensive effectiveness of nifedipine at rest and after exertion. Variation of plasma renin activity and plasma lipids during the treatment interval]. PMID- 3906298 TI - [Bacteremia caused by Eikenella corrodens: apropos of 3 cases]. PMID- 3906299 TI - Sleep apnea disorders. Introduction to sleep and sleep disorders. AB - This overview of normal and disordered sleep introduces techniques for recording and classifying sleep stages, physiological and temporal characteristics of sleep, age-related changes in sleep, consequences of sleep deprivation, theories on the function of sleep, and neurophysiological and biochemical mechanisms regulating sleep. Various categories of sleep disorders are briefly surveyed, with special emphasis on differential diagnosis of sleep apnea syndromes and other disorders characterized by symptoms of excessive daytime somnolence. PMID- 3906300 TI - Obstructive sleep apnea. The clinical syndrome and historical perspective. AB - This review considers the evolution of the concept of obstructive sleep apnea over the past 100 years, and emphasizes the new diagnostic tools available today. PMID- 3906302 TI - Gas exchange and hemodynamics during sleep. AB - Sleep in normal individuals is associated with mild alveolar hypoventilation, which results in 2 to 8 mm Hg increases in PaCO2 and 3 to 11 mm Hg reductions in PaO2, which decreases mean arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation by less than 2 per cent. Arterial blood pressure and heart rate consistently decrease during sleep, and cardiac output either decreases or remains unchanged. Greater variability in these hemodynamic variables occurs during REM than during NREM sleep. Cyclical fluctuations in ventilation, blood pressure, and heart rate have been observed in normal subjects, and fewer than five apneas per hour sleep is considered to be normal. In patients with obstructive sleep apnea, reductions in SaO2 that occur with apneas and hypopneas are highly variable within and between individuals. Multiple variables interact to determine the severity of the episodes of oxyhemoglobin desaturation that are associated with cyclical changes in heart rate and systemic blood pressure. The magnitude of the increase in systemic pressure is related to the severity of the oxyhemoglobin desaturation, with mean elevations in systolic and diastolic pressures being on the order of 25 per cent. However, the magnitude of the systemic pressor response to oxygen desaturation varies widely between individuals. Pulmonary artery pressure often increases with sequential apneas to substantially elevated values, and this increase in combination with the large negative intrathoracic pressures generated during obstructive apneas increases ventricular afterload. Alterations in stroke volume and cardiac output in response to the dynamic events that occur with apneas have not been adequately investigated. Reductions in heart rate that occur during apneas are related to the severity of the oxyhemoglobin desaturation and the arterial chemoreceptor-mediated increase in vagal efferent activity. Marked sinus bradycardia, sinus pauses of 2 to 13 seconds' duration, second-degree heart block, and ventricular tachyarrhythmias have all been associated with severe arterial hypoxemia. Sudden death during sleep in obstructive sleep apnea presumably results from a lethal cardiac arrhythmia, but the relative contributions of severe bradyarrhythmias and ventricular tachyarrhythmias are unknown. PMID- 3906301 TI - Neural and anatomic factors related to upper airway occlusion during sleep. AB - Both neural and anatomical factors play an important role in the maintenance of upper airway patency. An abnormality in one or both of these factors is felt to be the underlying cause of obstructive sleep apnea. PMID- 3906303 TI - Obesity and hormonal factors in sleep and sleep apnea. AB - The presence of obesity, defined as weight 20 per cent or more above ideal body weight or increased body fat content, significantly increases risk of pulmonary, cardiovascular, metabolic, and gastrointestinal problems. Obesity is a major cause of shortened life expectancy. While obesity is not essential for the development of the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, a significant percentage of patients with obstructive sleep apnea are obese. When evaluating these patients who have obstructive sleep apnea, it is important to search diligently for medical problems that are commonly found among the obese. While there is an increased incidence of obese patients among those who have obstructive sleep apnea, the exact reason for this is uncertain. The study of endorphins and enkephalins may expand our understanding of obesity, ventilatory regulation, and obstructive sleep apnea. This may, in fact, enable us to understand better the interrelationship between obesity and obstructive sleep apnea. The role that thyroid hormone, testosterone, and progesterone play in obstructive sleep apnea has also been reviewed. Patients who have obstructive sleep apnea should not be treated with testosterone. All patients given testosterone should be observed quite closely for the possible signs and symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea. Progesterone seems to be of some help in patients who have obesity hypoventilation syndrome. Its effectiveness in patients with obstructive sleep apnea is less clear. The obesity hypoventilation syndrome as described by Burwell is relatively uncommon. Many of the manifestations of the obesity hypoventilation syndrome, however, are found in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. The recognition that the symptoms stem from underlying obstructive sleep apnea offers great potential for therapy. Weight reduction is valuable therapy for patients with obesity and pulmonary dysfunction, obesity and obstructive sleep apnea, and obesity hypoventilation syndrome. Weight reduction and weight maintenance, while difficult, are essential in patients with obesity, obesity and obstructive sleep apnea, and the hypoventilation syndrome. Obesity should be viewed as a medical problem deserving medical attention and long-term medical follow-up. PMID- 3906304 TI - Sleep apnea in infancy and childhood. AB - Episodic apnea leading to asphyxia is a relatively common disorder of young children. Important apnea syndromes include apnea of prematurity, "narrow upper airway syndrome," congenital hypoventilation syndrome, breath-holding spells, and "near-miss" sudden infant death syndrome. More recently described syndromes include apnea associated with feedings, regurgitation or gastroesophageal reflux, and apnea initiated by epileptic seizures. Apnea occurring during wakefulness is common and may be related to that occurring during sleep. Knowledge of the clinical features and pathophysiology of these various kinds of apnea is important in their management. PMID- 3906305 TI - Surgical treatment of obstructive sleep apnea. AB - In selected patients with obstructive sleep apnea, the uvulopalatopharyngoplasty procedure may be performed to remove excessive tissue in the oropharyngeal airway. This may improve the symptoms of sleep apnea as well as snoring. Tracheostomy may be indicated in patients with obstructive sleep apnea with associated severe medical problems. PMID- 3906306 TI - Models of decision-making in the general practice: a design for a descriptive research. PMID- 3906307 TI - [Distribution of Langerhans cells in the skin of patients with Hansen's disease]. AB - Intra-epidermal OKT+ and OKla+ cells were identified and counted in 25 cases of Leprosy (7 lepromatous, 7 bordeline, 8 tuberculoid and 3 indeterminate). No significant variations were found in the number of Langerhans cells (OKT6+) in the clinical forms of the disease, nor marked variations were determined in the relation of OKT6+/OKla+ intra-epidermal cells. Nevertheless significant variation in the number of Langerhans cells were noted in several cases independently of the clinical form of the disease. PMID- 3906308 TI - [Yellow nail syndrome; Samman-Emerson syndrome]. AB - The authors make a description of a case of the yellow nail syndrome. They look over the literature about such cases again and they agree with the denomination suggested by Rabello of Samman and Emerson syndrome. PMID- 3906309 TI - [Orofaciodigital syndrome]. AB - The OFDS and kidney polycystic disease is a rare association. Only 7 cases we have been able to find in several references. A new female case with hypertension is reported. PMID- 3906310 TI - [Jorge Lobo's disease. Second Peruvian case]. AB - A case of Jorge Lobo's disease is described. According to the references consulted the case presented is the second in Peru. The patient is a native of the Peruvian jungle (River Madre de Dios, State Madre de Dios). The disease was restricted to the left ear. Clinical and histopathological aspects were typical of Lobo's disease. PMID- 3906311 TI - [Dermatitis caused by Milwaukee braces]. AB - The results of the study of 51 patients bearing a Milwaukee corset indicate that they present a mechanical and irritative dermatitis caused by the personal predisposition, the action of the plastic material and the occlusion and humidity produced between skin surface and the corset. The authors suggest the name Occlusive Dermatitis Syndrom for this cases as a subtype of Mechanical Irritative Dermatitis. PMID- 3906312 TI - [Data and commentaries on 4060 mycologic tests made on skin scales, hair and nails]. AB - The authors had studied the results obtained from the mycologic analysis of skin scales, hair and nails at the Mycology Laboratory of the Clinic Pathology Service of Hospital Universitario-Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, in the period of june, 1978 to may, 1983. The incidence of superficial mycoses were reported as well the incidence of Candida sp. and dermatophytes in the differents areas of the skin. The results had been compared with the current litterature. PMID- 3906313 TI - [Leukocyte aggregation activity in the serum of a patient with Sweet's syndrome]. AB - In the blood serum of a patient with Sweet's syndrome an aggregation activity of polimorphonuclear leucocytes was found in vitro. The aggregation response occurs with a latent period of one minute after the stimulation and was slow but sustained. The aggregation was totally inhibited by the hydrocortisone (500 mg./ml.). Although the polymorphonuclears of the patient aggregate normally being stimulated with C5a (ZAS), FMLP and the degranulant PMA, they remain unchanged with the patient's serum. A particular state of "leucocytic stimulation" induced by a serum agent, different from the common chemotactic factors, perhaps an immunocomplex, is postulated. PMID- 3906314 TI - [Argyria]. AB - A case of generalized argyria is reported a clinical study and literature review is made. The ultraestructural findings permit to establish a hypothesis on the silver grains morphology. PMID- 3906315 TI - [Use of the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technic in cytologic smears in pemphigus vulgaris]. AB - The diagnosis of pemphigus is presently based on the correlation of clinical, histological, and direct and indirect immunofluorescent data. This article has presented the result of a study of cytological smears, taken from cutaneous lesions on five patients previously diagnosed as having pemphigus vulgaris, treated with the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique which demonstrated a constant pattern of acntholitic cells surrounded by IgG. The authors belive that this means of study combines a high level of reliability and specificity with advantage of enabling the use of material that can be stored for a long time without special conditions, does not require biopsy and can supply data of great value for the diagnosis of this condition. PMID- 3906316 TI - [Skin implants in vitiligo]. AB - Vitiligo repigmentation induced by cutaneous grafts from the gluteal region and stimulation with UV and trisoralen. The extent of repigmentation achived with this method was greater than the published data. We suppose that the stimulation with trisoralen over a cutaneous graft from a donor area not exposed to sunlight is more effective. This simple method is a good alternative for treatment of localized vitiligo. PMID- 3906317 TI - [Case for diagnosis. Generalized sclero-atrophic lichen]. PMID- 3906318 TI - Calcium antagonism in heart and vascular smooth muscle. AB - Calcium antagonism is an unifying concept that offers a common denominator for a multitude of beneficial effects in cardiovascular therapy such as: direct reduction of myocardial energy expenditure and oxygen demand, improvement of myocardial oxygen supply resulting from spasmolytic and vasodilator effects on coronary trunk arteries (including collaterals and anastomoses), lowering of systemic arteriolar resistance (antihypertensive action), indirect diminition of cardiac oxygen requirement due to a fall in afterload, cardioprotection by prevention of excessive myocardial Ca uptake, damping effects on ectopic cardiac automaticity and on reentry pathways (not discussed in the present paper), and possibly anticalcinotic protection of the arterial walls at an advanced age or in cases of premature arterial senescence due to diabetes, hypertension, or nicotine intoxication. PMID- 3906319 TI - [The men behind the syndrome: Carl Wernicke and Sergej Korsakov. They founded the new psychiatry at the turn of the century]. PMID- 3906320 TI - [The men behind the syndrome: Johann Schonlein and Eduard Henoch. Teacher and pupil--the pioneers of clinical empirism in the time of controversy between nature-romanticism and science]. PMID- 3906321 TI - [High resolution real time sonography in tumors of the soft tissues of the neck]. AB - In 111 non-selected patients with soft tissue tumours of the neck ultrasound examinations were carried out by means of a high resolution real-time scanner (7 MHz). The sonographic findings were recorded and compared with the operative and histological results in nearly all cases. Echomorphological patterns of different cystic and solid space-occupying lesions were demonstrated as well as problems and limitations of this imaging method. Our results show that high-resolution B scan-sonography has proved to be of great diagnostic value in the preoperative examination of soft tissue tumours of the neck. Furthermore, ultrasound examinations permit an estimation of the size of tumours, their topographic localisation with reference to the great vessels, and provide excellent noninvasive follow-up studies in patients treated by nonsurgical therapy. PMID- 3906322 TI - [Sarcoidosis (Boeck disease) of the parotid gland]. AB - Involvement of the parotid gland with sarcoidosis occurs in 1-6% of the patients. In rare cases parotitis represents the initial clinical manifestation of sarcoidosis. In that case, the otorhinolaryngologist is usually the first to be confronted with this disease and may enable an early diagnosis and therapy. In the present paper a rare case of isolated sarcoidosis of the parotid gland is reported. The results obtained by different examination techniques are demonstrated and their relevance for the diagnosis of sarcoidosis is discussed. PMID- 3906323 TI - Clinical trials with a 22-channel cochlear prosthesis. AB - During 1984, six patients have been implanted with a 22-channel cochlear prosthesis. The device features a programmable wearable speech processor using a speech feature encoding strategy. A strict clinical protocol was followed, and no patients have been lost to follow-up. All patients are regular users of the device and have shown a restoration of hearing sensation in response to acoustic stimuli. Pure tone averages ranged from 20 to 47 dB HL and speech detection thresholds varied from 15 to 32.5 dB HL. All patients have shown a recognition of a large variety of environmental sounds, and an improvement in speech recognition ability when the device is used in conjunction with lipreading. Speech reception thresholds using spondee words without lipreading were obtained in three patients at levels of 27.5 to 55 dB HL and one patient had an open-set speech discrimination score (w-22 word list) of 42% without lipreading. In addition, two of the patients show an ability to have limited interactive conversation without the use of lipreading. PMID- 3906324 TI - Airway interruption in encephalopathic children: a clinical and histological analysis. AB - Severe, incessant aspiration can be a most troublesome sequel to the already tragic problem of a vegetative mental state in a previously normal child. Three patients, aged 2 to 4 years, underwent surgery to treat their aspiration. A different type of procedure was used for each patient: cord closure combined with an epiglottic flap, cord closure alone, and a laryngeal stent. Laryngeal histopathology of a case is presented for the first time; findings suggest that the theoretical reversibility of that particular type of procedure could prove formidable. Clinically, the immediate cessation of aspiration has provided all parents and health care personnel with a surprising sense of gratification and has enabled each child to be transferred to a less-costly care facility or to home. PMID- 3906325 TI - Nosocomial Legionella pneumonia in a population of head and neck cancer patients. AB - A prospective study of nosocomial pneumonia following major head and neck surgery was conducted when it was recognized that Legionella contaminated the hospital water supply. Legionella pneumonia had not previously been diagnosed in our hospital. Every head and neck patient with nosocomial pneumonia had specialized tests performed. During the 18-month study period, 29% of patients with nosocomial pneumonia (7 of 27) had evidence of legionellosis. The sero-group of the infecting Legionella was the same as the Legionella in the water supply. Legionella was seen exclusively in patients with clinically evident aspiration. Legionella pneumonia was not demonstrated in patients undergoing laryngectomy. We conclude that specialized testing must be employed to avoid delay in diagnosis and failure to administer specific antibiotic therapy. Legionellosis may be underdiagnosed in hospitalized patients. PMID- 3906327 TI - Use of Nd:YAG laser in pancreatic resections with duodenal preservation in the dog. AB - The trend in recent years for treatment of pancreatic carcinoma and occasionally for pancreatitis has been towards total pancreatectomy. The pancreas is also now being harvested for transplantation. Any operative technique that can reduce operating time, blood loss, and associated morbidity and mortality would be of tremendous advantage. The aim of this study was to undertake a total pancreatectomy using the Nd:YAG laser (wavelength 1,060 nm) with a helium neon laser (wavelength 628 nm) incorporated to provide a marker beam. The laser beam was passed into a 400 micron flexible glass fiber enclosed in a 2.5 mm polyethylene cannula, which also served as a conduit for coaxial CO2. The laser was operated in a continuous wave mode, and the fiber exit beam had a divergence of 10 degrees. For photocoagulation and tissue vaporization, peak powers of 50 W were used with 0.5-1 sec pulses. The total pancreatectomy using the Nd:YAG laser was performed in eight dogs, and ten dogs undergoing the conventional operative procedure served as controls. The findings indicate that the Nd:YAG laser could be used effectively and safely. The operating time was considerably diminished (P less than 0.01); the number of ligatures used was smaller; blood loss, graft survival, and duodenal viability were similar. The Nd:YAG laser offers a new therapeutic modality in the performance of tedious and often difficult pancreatic surgery. PMID- 3906326 TI - Central projections of primary vestibular fibers in the bullfrog. III. The anterior semicircular canal afferents. AB - A study was made of the projection patterns in the vestibular nuclei of primary afferent fibers innervating the crista of the anterior semicircular canal (ASC) of the bullfrog. Individual neurons were intracellularly recorded to characterize their spontaneous activity and injected with horseradish peroxidase to visualize their central and peripheral projections. A quantitative evaluation was made of the lengths of the central projections of primary afferents in the various vestibular nuclei and of the number of branch terminals and their precise locations in each of the major vestibular projection areas in the brain stem. The differences between the central projection patterns of the two types of primary afferent fibers were documented: the thick fibers with their irregular spontaneous activity and the thin fibers with their more regular spontaneous activity. Each neuron sends many terminals to various vestibular nuclei. The ventral part of the ventral nucleus receives the greatest number of terminals from fibers of all sizes. The medial nucleus receives terminals from the thin fibers only, while the reticular formation receives terminals exclusively from the thick fibers. All the vestibular nuclei receive innervation from ASC afferents, with considerable overlap in areas of innervation between fibers of different caliber. Differences were found between the thick and thin fibers in their locations, their patterns of branching, and the appearance of their terminal boutons. These anatomic characteristics are interpreted to represent physiologic differences in the production of reflexes by thick and thin neurons. It is also postulated that these different neurons play different roles in vestibular system function: thick neurons contribute to the maintenance of equilibrium during movement while thin neurons participate in the maintenance of posture and vestibular tonus. PMID- 3906328 TI - [A multicenter comparative clinical study of ranitidine and cimetidine in the treatment of gastric ulcer]. PMID- 3906329 TI - [Diseases of the upper part of the digestive system in patients with renal insufficiency]. PMID- 3906330 TI - Antihyperlipidemic properties of beta-pyridylcarbinol. A review of preclinical studies. AB - The available preclinical literature on the antihyperlipidemic properties of beta pyridylcarbinol is reviewed. Similarities between the pharmacological profiles for beta-pyridylcarbinol and nicotinic acid, and evidence for the metabolic conversion of beta-pyridylcarbinol to nicotinic acid are discussed. Several reviews discussing the antihyperlipidemic effects of beta-pyridylcarbinol (beta PC, nicotinyl alcohol, Roniacol) and nicotinic acid (NA) have appeared during the last 15 years (1-6). However, continuing clinical interest in the ability of nicotinic acid analogs to reduce plasma lipids indicated that an update and critical evaluation of the preclinical literature on this subject would be of value in order to permit a more complete assessment of the relevance of several animal models to effects in human subjects. The literature reviewed included (a) preclinical studies of beta-PC where it was the sole compound examined; (b) comparative studies of beta-PC and NA; and (c) studies relating to the metabolism of beta-PC. The literature chosen included experiments involving fasted animals, satiated animals, and effects of Triton-induced hyperlipidemia. Data on other pharmacological properties of beta-PC and/or NA that might contribute to antihyperlipidemic efficacy (e.g., fibrinolysis, inhibition of platelet aggregation, erythrocyte membrane changes) were also included where available. PMID- 3906331 TI - Cardiac adenylate cyclase activity in streptozotocin-treated rats after 4 months of diabetes: impairment of epinephrine and glucagon stimulation. AB - Adenylate cyclase (AC) activities of cardiac membranes prepared (a) from rats that had been made diabetic 4 months previously by a single i.v. injection (50 mg/kg) of streptozotocin (STZ), and (b) from diabetic rats which had been treated during the same period by a daily dose of long-acting insulin (2-4 U/animal), were compared with the AC activity of cardiac membranes prepared from age-matched control animals. Basal (Mg++-dependent) and Mn++ (7 mM)-dependent activities, as well as Gpp(NH)p (3 X 10(-7) M) stimulation and Ca++ (pCa = 3.9) inhibition of cardiac AC were not significantly different in the three groups. At the EC50 concentration epinephrine (5 X 10(-7) M) stimulation of AC was reduced in diabetic animals but no change was observed at higher concentrations (10(-4) M). Glucagon stimulation was impaired at both the EC50 concentration (10(-7) M) and at higher concentrations (10(-5) M). Insulin treatment of the diabetic animals partially prevented the impairment of hormone stimulation. These results confirm observations that alterations of cardiac AC activity in STZ-treated rats are indeed due to diabetes and not to STZ-toxicity and suggest that AC-coupled receptors are altered either by an diabetes-induced alteration of cardiac sarcolemma. PMID- 3906332 TI - Is cholinergic activity of the caudate nucleus involved in memory? AB - A review was made of experiments dealing with the involvement of cholinergic activity of the caudate nucleus in memory processes. Injections of acetylcholine receptor blockers or of neurotoxins against cholinergic interneurons into the striatum produce marked impairments in acquisition and retention of instrumental tasks while injections of acetylcholine or choline into the caudate produce the opposite effect. However, after a period of overtraining cholinergic blockade or interference with neural activity of the caudate does not produce significant deficits in retention. It is concluded that striatal cholinergic activity is critically involved in memory of recent events and that long-term memory is mediated by different neurochemical systems outside the caudate nucleus. PMID- 3906333 TI - Multiple forms of immunoreactive renin in human pituitary tissue. AB - Immunoreactive renin was demonstrated in pituitary tissues of postmortem human subjects with different diseases. The specific immunoreactive renin activity comprised the majority of the tissue renin-like activity (mean, 83%), indicating the absence of nonspecific actions of proteases such as cathepsin D. We used three pituitary specimens with high levels of the specific renin activity for further biochemical characterization of the enzyme. Small differences were found in the molecular mass (45 K, 42 K and 37 K), binding to concanavalin A-Sepharose, and isoelectric points (pI) (4.72, 4.78, 4.86, 5.06, 5.28 and 5.44). These results seem to be interpreted as evidence for the presence of specific renin in the human pituitary with microheterogeneity. PMID- 3906334 TI - Cholesterol transport and uptake in miniature swine fed vegetable and animal fats and proteins. 1. Plasma lipoproteins and LDL clearance. AB - In a 2 X 2 factorial arrangement, miniature pigs were fed four diets containing vegetable protein/fat (soybean) and animal protein (egg white)/fat (beef tallow) to demonstrate the effects of protein and fat source on total plasma cholesterol, lipoprotein distribution, low density lipoprotein (LDL) composition, and plasma clearance of LDL-cholesterol and protein. Beef tallow consumption resulted in greater plasma cholesterol concentration, decreased LDL-cholesterol concentration, and a lower LDL-cholesterol to LDL-protein ratio than did consumption of soybean oil. High density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol concentration was increased by beef tallow consumption. Cholesterol percentage by weight in LDL was significantly greater in pigs consuming soybean oil than those consuming beef tallow. Percentages by weight of protein, triglyceride and phospholipid in LDL were not significantly different in any group. Dietary protein source had no significant effect on total plasma cholesterol concentration, lipoprotein concentration or LDL composition. Egg white consumption decreased fractional catabolic rate and irreversible loss of LDL cholesterol and LDL-protein when compared with consumption of soy protein. Dietary fat source had no consistent effect on LDL clearance from plasma. Dietary fat and protein seemed to influence lipoprotein metabolism by different mechanisms. Fat source altered lipoprotein concentration and LDL composition, whereas protein source affected the removal rate of LDL from plasma. PMID- 3906336 TI - The evolution of coronial law and practice in South Australia (1836-1981). PMID- 3906335 TI - Cholesterol transport and uptake in miniature swine fed vegetable and animal fats and proteins. 2. LDL uptake and cholesterol distribution in tissues. AB - In a 2 X 2 factorial arrangement, miniature pigs were fed four diets containing vegetable protein/fat (soybean) and animal protein (egg white)/fat (beef tallow) to demonstrate the effects of protein and fat source on tissue cholesterol concentrations, uptake of intact low density lipoproteins (LDL) and free cholesterol exchange from LDL to tissues. Soybean oil feeding, compared with beef tallow feeding, resulted in greater concentrations of cholesterol in aorta, heart, and large and small intestines. Similar trends were seen in liver, adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. Dietary protein source had little or no effect on tissue cholesterol concentrations. Uptake of intact LDL, as measured by using [14C]sucrose-LDL, tended to be greater in pigs fed soybean oil or soy protein. Net exchange of free cholesterol from LDL, as measured with [3H]cholesterol, tended to be greater when vegetable products were fed. Relative contributions of whole tissues to total uptake by either mechanism were not influenced by diet. Mechanisms in addition to uptake of cholesterol from LDL seem to be involved in the greater accumulation of tissue cholesterol resulting from polyunsaturated fat feeding. PMID- 3906337 TI - Virus diagnosis: a novel use for the protein A-gold probe. PMID- 3906338 TI - [Results of phase I clinical trials of hypoxic radiotherapy in the GDR]. PMID- 3906339 TI - Beyond the dental X-ray. PMID- 3906340 TI - Aerobic response to endurance training in prepubescent children: a critical analysis. AB - Children and adolescents possess higher weight-related maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) levels than older individuals. The capacity of prepubescent children to improve aerobic fitness with endurance training is controversial, and reported data have provided conflicting evidence. In the adult, physical activity of certain form (endurance), duration (15-60 min), frequency (3-5 times per wk), and intensity (heart rate 60-90 percent of maximum) are necessary to improve VO2max with training. When training programs in children are examined, those regimens failing to demonstrate a beneficial effect on aerobic fitness are observed not to comply with adult standards. Conversely, despite important experimental weaknesses, exercise training programs in children which employ adult criteria often show improved VO2max similar to that observed in older subjects. At the present stage of knowledge exercise training programs directed toward improving aerobic power in children should incorporate exercise intensity and duration in accord with adult-related criteria. PMID- 3906341 TI - Circadian rhythms and athletic performance. AB - Daily or circadian rhythmical oscillations occur in several physiological and behavioral functions that contribute to athletic performance. These functions include resting levels of sensory motor, perceptual, and cognitive performance and several neuromuscular, behavioral, cardiovascular, and metabolic variables. In addition, circadian rhythms have been reported in many indices of aerobic capacity, in certain physiological variables at different exercise levels, and, in a few studies, in actual athletic performance proficiency. Circadian rhythmicity in components of athletic performance can be modulated by workload, psychological stressors, motivation, "morningness/eveningness" differences, social interaction, lighting, sleep disturbances, the "postlunch dip" phenomenon, altitude, dietary constituents, gender, and age. These rhythms can significantly influence performance depending upon the time of day at which the athletic endeavor takes place. Disturbance of circadian rhythmicity resulting from transmeridian flight across several time zones can result in fatigue, malaise, sleep disturbance, gastrointestinal problems, and performance deterioration in susceptible individuals (circadian dysrhythmia or "jet-lag"). Factors influencing the degree of impairment and duration of readaptation include direction of flight, rhythm synchronizer intensity, dietary constituents and timing of meals, and individual factors such as morningness/eveningness, personality traits, and motivation. It is the intent of the authors to increase awareness of circadian rhythmic influences upon physiology and performance and to provide a scientific data base for the human circadian system so that coaches and athletes can make reasonable decisions to reduce the negative impact of jet-lag and facilitate readaptation following transmeridian travel. PMID- 3906342 TI - Regulation of myocardial contractility in exhaustive exercise. AB - The impact of exhaustive exercise on myocardial function is poorly understood. Experimental parameters of contractility that are completely devoid of other influences do not exist. Furthermore, the problem is compounded by the fact that exhaustive work comprises myriad exercise paradigms and fatigue may be the result of numerous possible mechanisms. Despite these confounding variables, there is evidence that stroke volume may be impaired by prolonged work in humans. These studies implicated reduced venous return and not contractility as the reason. Experiments with the rat model have indicated that treadmill running at about 60% of VO2max results in reduced isometric twitch tension in isolated trabecular tissue. The data are consistent with the notion that contractility is substantially reduced. The mechanism for this inhibition is unknown. In separate studies using a similar model, it has been shown that Ca2+ uptake by the sarcoplasm reticulum of the myocardium in vitro is reduced by fatigue. It is conceivable that in exhaustive exercise, there may be only a slight effect on contractility in vivo but that substantial adjustments in intracellular homeostasis are required in order to achieve this. Future considerations should include a rigorous analysis of contractility and the factors that regulate it, as well as the choice of animal and exhaustion models. PMID- 3906344 TI - Effects of acute and chronic exercise on myocardial ultrastructure. AB - Histological and ultrastructural evaluation of the heart reveals that structural alterations may be induced by both acute and chronic exposure to exhaustive exercise. Following an acute bout of exercise to the point of exhaustion, the normal heart does not appear hypoxic as assessed by mitochondrial morphology. However, small shifts in intracellular volume fractions as well as dilatation of transverse tubules and sarcoplasmic reticulum have been observed. The functional significance of these ultrastructural changes is not well understood, but could explain any alterations in contractility observed at this point in time. Following repeated exposure to strenuous dynamic exercise on a daily basis for an extended period of time (endurance training), the effects seem to be principally on the vasculature of the heart, with no alterations in composition of the myocardial cell. This is manifested by an increase in size of the major coronary arteries and a corresponding change in the number of capillaries. The chronic effects of exercise on coronary arterioles are unknown. The results of retrospective studies in humans and laboratory experiments with primates and lower mammals indicate that these training-induced structural alterations may play a protective role with respect to coronary heart disease. Most importantly, this role would appear to be both preventive and rehabilitative in nature. PMID- 3906343 TI - Energetics of myocardial function. AB - The question of whether the heart in humans is resistant to deterioration during prolonged exercise is addressed in this review. An evaluation of the available data in the literature shows: 1) whole body VO2 increases during vigorous prolonged exercise, primarily due to an increase in O2 consumption of working muscles; 2) heat exacerbates the rise in VO2; 3) these factors, hard exercise and heat, induce cardiovascular drift which involves progressive decreases in mean arterial pressure and stroke volume, with heart rate increasing to maintain cardiac output; 4) the fall in stroke volume appears to occur, at least in part, because ventricular filling pressure is lowered with a fall in central venous volume as cutaneous venous volume increases; 5) there is some limited indirect evidence that the inotropic state of the heart may also decrease with prolonged exhaustive exercise; and (6) neither estimates of heart work nor myocardial energetics appear to change in healthy men after 1 h of exercise under temperate conditions. PMID- 3906345 TI - [3-year study of shigellosis epidemic in Rwanda, Central Africa. Problems of public health and bacteriological aspects]. AB - Since 1979, the Lakes region (Kivu in Zaire, Western Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi) has been stricken by a bacillary dysentery epidemic at S. dysenteriae type 1. Supposed to be extinct since the 1950s., this bacillus has revealed a very noticeable virulence as well by the number of registered cases (524/100.000 in 1983 at Ruhengeri-Rwanda) as its fast break through. Demographic density (from 400 to 600/km2) has played an important role and has facilitated the transition toward epidemicity. Systematic bacteriological exams on the spot has allowed prompt identification of the involved germ, antibiotics to be used, and resistance variations during the period under consideration. The role of a regional laboratory to monitor diarrheal diseases has been demonstrated as of prime importance to set up a fighting strategy at regional level. PMID- 3906347 TI - [Use of microfilaria treated with papain in the serodiagnosis of lymphatic filariasis caused by Wuchereria bancrofti (Var. pacifica)]. AB - A standardised method for serodiagnosis of lymphatic filariasis W. bancrofti (var. pacifica) was performed. The authors used indirect fluorescent assay with papain treated microfilariae as source of antigen. Very high levels of antibodies were obtained in 96% microfilaremic patients. The geometric mean titers were 22.7 for healthy subjects and 605.5 for the filariasis patients. Cross reactivity was studied with two subcutaneous and one lymphatic filariasis. The geometric mean titers were 211.1 for Onchocerca volvulus, 105.6 for Loa-loa and 254 for Brugia malayi patients. No significant reactivity was observed with some other parasites. PMID- 3906346 TI - [Epidemic of gastroenteritis in Noumea (New Caledonia) caused by an enterotoxinogenic strain of Escherichia coli (0l26:B16) believed to be enteropathogenic]. AB - A strain of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli 0126:B16 has been isolated in fifteen children and one adult during a severe outbreak. One infant is dead. The strain produced heat-stable enterotoxin, attach to rabbit enterocytes but did not have colonization factor antigen CFA/I or CFA/II. Its hemagglutination type was the same that the E. coli H10407, CFA/I+. It presented a resistance at eight antibiotics and, with the loss of enterotoxigenicity, there was a loss of resistance at ampicillin and of the capacity to attach to enterocytes. PMID- 3906348 TI - [Ototoxic factors requiring consideration in the diagnosis of occupational hearing loss]. AB - In the practice of diagnosing occupational deafness resulting from noise effects of factors determining workers' hearing, such as living conditions, working conditions, nutritional and other habits, diseases and their therapy, are often neglected. Discussed in the paper are the significance and ototoxic effects of such factors as: aminoglycoside antibiotics, diuretics, salicylic acid derivatives, fenacetin, quinine, fluorine compounds, cytotoxic drugs, chemical compounds other than drugs (carbon monoxide, carbon disulphide, lead, organic solvents), ethyl alcohol, diseases (abdominal typhus, bacillary dysentery, diphtheria, brucellosis, epidemic parotiditis, poliomyelitis, rubella, aural shingles, syphilis, diabetes mellitus, chronic renopathies, hypothyroidism, serologic conflict, pigmentary retinitis). Exposure to intense noise is more and more frequently juxtaposed with the impact of the mentioned factors. If industrial physicians get aware of this association the prevention of deafness and reliability of treatment may be largely promoted. PMID- 3906349 TI - [Isotope capillary test in the diagnosis of a vascular form of vibration syndrome caused by local mechanical vibration]. AB - The authors have compared evaluations of the rate of hand skin capillary flow at rest with the results of other studies used in the clinical diagnosis of the vibration syndrome resulting from the hand-transmitted vibrations. Multispecialist medical and auxiliary examinations including the radioisotopic capillary test, have been carried out in 78 patients referred to the Clinic because of suspected vibration syndrome. The values of flow at rest have been taken into account. In 34 patients the flow was slowed down. The lack of correlation between the slowed capillary flow at rest and clinical evaluation of pathological changes indicates a limited usefulness of the isotopic capillary test in the diagnosis of the vascular form of the vibration syndrome due to local vibrations. PMID- 3906350 TI - Sequence of events during development of the dawn phenomenon in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. AB - During constant insulin infusion (0.15 mU X kg-1 X min-1) from 12 PM to 8 AM in 10 IDDM patients previously rendered euglycemic (Biostator), plasma glucose (5.4 +/- 0.2 mmol/L at 12 PM) increased by 3:30 AM and reached 12.1 +/- 1.6 mmol/L at 8 AM (P less than 0.001). Glucose production also increased at 3:30 AM; hyperglycemia, glucose utilization did not increase until after 5 AM. Plasma growth hormone (12 PM to 4 AM), cortisol (after 3:30 AM), noradrenaline (after 1:30 AM), and adrenaline (after 3:30 AM) but not glucagon increased significantly overnight, although plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline remained at subthreshold levels. Insulin clearance increased (approximately 25%, P less than 0.05) but only after 7 AM, resulting in a 4 mU/L decrease in plasma insulin. A significant correlation was found between increases in plasma glucose and increases in glucose production (r = 0.74, P less than 0.05) which in turn were significantly correlated with nocturnal peaks in plasma growth hormone (r = 0.66, P less than 0.05). From the sequence of events observed, we conclude that the Dawn Phenomenon in IDDM begins earlier than is currently thought (approximately 3:30 AM), that it is due to both accelerated glucose production and impaired glucose utilization, and that nocturnal increases in sympathetic nervous system activity and/or growth hormone secretion, but not changes in secretion of cortisol, adrenaline and glucagon or changes in insulin clearance, may be of pathogenetic importance. PMID- 3906351 TI - Postnatal growth and fatty acid synthesis in overgrown rat pups induced by fetal hyperinsulinemia. AB - Fetal hyperinsulinemia in the rat results in increased body weight, lipid content, and enhanced lipogenesis in liver and carcass. The purpose of our study was to determine whether the macrosomia and enhancement of fatty acid (FA) synthesis and/or content persisted postnatally in this animal model. Fetal hyperinsulinemia was produced in Sprague-Dawley rats by injecting fetuses with 2 units of insulin at 20.5 days of gestation. Alternate pups in the same litter were injected with saline. Pups were delivered surgically at 22.5 days of gestation, were weighed daily and sacrificed on day 15. FA content and synthesis rates of liver and skeletal muscle were measured. We found: (1) At birth, insulin treated pups were 12% heavier than saline littermates, (5.88 +/- 0.14 g v 5.26 +/ 0.14 g, P less than .01); and (2) The enhanced growth associated with prenatal insulin treatment persisted during the suckling period, ie, compared with saline treated controls, insulin pups were 15.7% heavier at 15 days of age (P less than .01); growth velocity of insulin pups, beginning on day 3, significantly exceeded that of control pups (P less than .05). FA contents of liver and muscle in insulin pups, (62.6 +/- 5.7 mumol/g and 62.7 +/- 13.2 mumol/g) were significantly greater (P less than .05) than in saline littermates (45.1 +/- 5.6 mumol/g and 30.2 +/- 4.7 mumol/g, respectively). We conclude that.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3906352 TI - Dissociation by methylamine of insulin release from glucose-induced electrical activity in isolated mouse islets of Langerhans. AB - The effect of methylamine on electrical activity and simultaneously measured insulin release was investigated in single perifused islets of normal mice. Methylamine, (2 mmol/L or 6 mmol/L) failed to affect beta-cell input resistance and only caused a modest and transient inhibition of electrical activity of islets exposed to 11.1 mmol/L glucose. Methylamine (2 mmol/L) inhibited insulin release evoked by a five-minute rise in glucose concentration from 5.6 to 22.2 mmol/L, even when the glucose-induced electrical activity remained unaltered. Methylamine, at 2 or 5 mmol/L, partially inhibited insulin release but failed to affect the continuous electrical activity in islets exposed throughout to 22.2 mmol/L glucose. At 10 mmol/L, methylamine reduced both insulin release and electrical activity. These data reinforce the idea that the glucose-induced changes in beta-cell membrane potential represent an early event in the process of stimulus-secretion coupling and can be dissociated from the subsequent process of insulin release. PMID- 3906353 TI - Differences in insulin sensitivity between normal men and women. AB - An incremental intravenous low-dose insulin infusion has been used to examine differences in insulin sensitivity between normal young men and women. Fasting blood glucose concentration did not differ significantly at the start of the infusion but women had significantly higher plasma insulin and C-peptide concentrations. Similar changes in blood glucose occurred during insulin infusion but insulin concentrations were higher in women. Blood total ketone bodies and alanine were lower in women over the four hours of infusion. Significant differences were found between normal men and women for the effect of insulin upon blood glucose concentration. PMID- 3906354 TI - The effects of hyperinsulinemia on arterial wall and peripheral muscle metabolism in dogs. AB - Peripheral hyperinsulinemia may be associated with metabolic consequences that could contribute to the high incidence of macrovascular disease in patients with diabetes mellitus. Arterial wall and striated muscle cells were studied in dogs to examine the effect of hyperinsulinemia on the lipid content and on lipogenic and glycolytic enzyme activity. Eight pancreatectomized dogs received segmental pancreatic autografts with venous drainage into the iliac vein. Glucose disappearance rates (K values) were normal four years after transplantation, but both fasting serum insulin levels (48.9 +/- 4.8 v 11.8 +/- 1.9 microU/mL) and the total area under the glucose-insulin response curve (1797 +/- 196 v 1110 +/- 158 microU X min/mL) were significantly greater than in control animals (P less than 0.05). The hyperinsulinemic dogs had a marked triglyceride elevation in arterial smooth muscle (20.6 +/- 8.0 v 0.5 +/- 0.4 mumol/g) and striated muscle (171.4 +/- 46.6 v 41.2 +/- 7.7 mumol/g) (P less than 0.001). Moreover, key enzymes in lipid synthesis (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, malic enzyme, and 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA DH) were significantly increased (P less than 0.01) in the hyperinsulinemic animals, while the glycolytic enzymes, (phosphofructokinase, hexokinase, pyruvate kinase, and alpha-glycerophosphate DH) were not significantly different. These data demonstrate substantial enhancement of lipid synthesis in arterial wall and striated muscle in hyperinsulinemic dogs. Altered substrate metabolism in arterial walls, in association with hyperinsulinemia, may have important implications with regard to macrovascular disease in diabetes, particularly in insulin-treated patients. In addition, these studies may serve to stimulate longer term assessments of macroangiopathy in the increasing number of patients with functioning pancreatic allografts draining into the systemic circulation. PMID- 3906355 TI - Workshop on insulin and atherogenesis. May 19-20, 1984, Charleston, South Carolina. PMID- 3906356 TI - Pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. AB - There is abundant evidence that changes in diet and various types of vessel wall injury can independently induce the growth of arterial lesions in experimental animals. These lesions closely resemble those found in humans with atherosclerosis. Whether endothelial injury or accumulation of lipoprotein in the arterial intima is the initial event, the progression of the disease is characterized by changes in the neointima that favor the deposition of lipid. The metabolism of proteoglycans may be especially important in this process; this is relevant to diabetes because changes in proteoglycan metabolism are associated with this disease. Insulin and growth hormone may favor the proliferation of smooth muscle cells in the arteries of diabetic patients. Many agents, which are potentially injurious to the endothelium, accentuate the response of the vessel wall to injury. Modifications of the thrombotic process, such as increased production of thromboxane by platelets, decreased production of prostacyclin by the endothelium, and increased production of von Willebrand factor further enhance the thrombotic process and may be important in the initiation and subsequent progression of atherosclerosis in diabetics. Alterations in lipoprotein metabolism may also facilitate the development of endothelial injury. PMID- 3906357 TI - Cell biology as an approach to the study of the vascular complications of diabetes. AB - Diabetic retinopathy and macroangiopathy share the common histologic features of cellular injury and proliferation. We have studied factors in the diabetic milieu that may affect the metabolism and growth of vascular cells derived from retinal capillaries and arteries. Using cultured endothelial cells from retinal capillaries and human aorta and vascular supporting cells (pericytes and aortic smooth muscle cells), we found that the metabolism and proliferation of endothelial cells from capillaries are responsive to insulin and insulin like growth factors (IGFs). At concentrations ranging from below physiologic levels to physiologic, insulin and IGFs were additive in their effect on growth of endothelial cells from retinal capillaries. Endothelial cells from arteries were much less responsive to insulin and IGFs, although like capillary endothelium they also have high affinity receptors for these hormones. No differences in response to insulin and IGFs were observed in the vascular supporting cells. Both pericytes and arterial smooth muscle cells responded to insulin and IGFs. The effect of insulin and IGFs was also additive with other growth factors tested, including platelet-derived growth factor. Hyperglycemia inhibited the growth of capillary pericytes but had no effect on other vascular cells. The results of these studies provide us with a potential explanation for the different histologic features observed in diabetic microangiopathy and macroangiopathy. PMID- 3906358 TI - Abnormalities of platelet-derived growth factors in insulin-dependent diabetes. AB - Platelets are involved in homeostasis of the vascular wall at various levels. An important feature of this involvement is the potential for platelet proliferation. Platelets from normal subjects contain platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), epithelial growth factor (EGF), and transforming growth factor. We have detected the presence of an excessive growth-promoting activity in the heated supernatant fraction derived from the platelets of young, insulin dependent diabetics. This activity is most pronounced when measured in cultures of smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts. This activity may be further separated into cationic and anionic fractions by ion exchange chromatography of the platelet-rich supernatant. The cationic factor corresponds to PDGF, whereas the anionic factor appears to be identical to EGF. Chronic, intensive insulin therapy normalizes the excessive growth-promoting activity of platelets from diabetics. Further studies are needed to evaluate the differential release of those growth promoting factors found in platelets of normal subjects and in patients with vascular disease. PMID- 3906360 TI - Diabetes, lipoproteins, and atherosclerosis. AB - Certain lipoproteins are deemed to be atherogenic because (a) they are found in plasmas of patients with various dyslipoproteinemias who also have atherosclerosis, (b) they appear in plasmas and arterial walls of animals during the experimental induction of atherosclerosis, and (c) they convert cultured macrophages and arterial smooth muscle cells into lipid-laden foam cells such as are found in atherosclerotic lesions. These lipoproteins are low-density lipoproteins (LDL), very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), and the alpha-VLDL of hypertriglyceridemic patients. Low levels or the absence of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) in patients is also associated with atherosclerosis. Poorly controlled diabetics may have higher levels of VLDL and/or LDL and lower levels of HDL than are found in well-controlled diabetics. These quantitative changes place poorly controlled patients into higher coronary risk categories. Several qualitative alterations of lipoprotein also may be present that may make them more atherogenic, among these, glycosylation of apoprotein could be very important. PMID- 3906359 TI - Protein glycosylation and the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. AB - This review summarizes the progress of research in nonenzymatic glycosylation that is of potential relevance to atherosclerosis and relates this knowledge to the accelerated large-vessel disease observed in diabetics through a hypothetical model based on current concepts of atherogenesis. Critical new information has recently been obtained about complex glycosylation adducts, which form very slowly through a series of further reactions and rearrangements from the initial Amadori product. These adducts, called advanced glycosylation end products (AGE), are not reversible like the Amadori product. Thus, they continue to accumulate indefinitely on long-lived molecules such as collagen and nucleic acids. AGE covalently trap soluble plasma proteins, act as signals for macrophage recognition and uptake, and induce mutations in double-stranded plasmid DNA. Covalent trapping of low-density lipoproteins by AGE on collagen may promote excessive lipid accumulation in the arterial walls of diabetics, whereas trapping of von Willebrand factor by AGE may increase platelet adhesion and aggregation, leading to smooth muscle cell proliferation in the arterial intima. Recognition and uptake of AGE-protein derivatives by scavenging macrophages may further contribute to the process of atherogenesis by stimulating the release of such macrophage secretory products as macrophage-derived growth factor. Accumulation of AGE on smooth muscle cell DNA may also enhance proliferation of arterial smooth muscle cells by increasing the rate of mutations that affect growth control. PMID- 3906361 TI - Nonhuman primate models of atherosclerosis: potential for the study of diabetes mellitus and hyperinsulinemia. AB - Nonhuman primates have been used for many years to investigate the pathogenesis and progression of atherosclerosis. The use of these animal models has resulted in a better understanding of the risk factors associated with atherosclerosis. Nonhuman primates that have consumed an atherogenic diet for several years develop lesions that are comparable to those found in human beings. Diabetes, both spontaneous and chemically induced, has been described in a number of nonhuman primate species. These diabetic models may be used to understand the accelerated progression and vascular complications of atherosclerosis in diabetic human beings. PMID- 3906363 TI - Overview of the association between insulin and atherosclerosis. AB - The suggestion that insulin is associated with atherosclerosis is based on clinical, epidemiologic, and experimental evidence. In general, atherosclerosis of the coronary, cerebral, and peripheral arteries is associated with abnormally high insulin responses to oral glucose. This hyperinsulinemia is not related to acute injury or to tissue necrosis, does not occur in response to intravenous glucose or tolbutamide, and is independent of other cardiovascular risk factors. Populations who are at high risk for cardiovascular disease have higher insulin responses to oral glucose than those at lower risk. Prospective studies carried out in Australia, Finland, and France have shown that elevated insulin levels, either fasting or in response to oral glucose, have a predictive role in the development of cardiovascular disease. This association is independent of the effects of other cardiovascular risk factors. In experimental animals, insulin deficiency retards the development of diet-induced arterial disease, whereas administration of insulin promotes lesion development and prevents lesion regression. Insulin stimulates lipid synthesis in isolated arteries and stimulates proliferation and lipid accumulation in cultured arterial smooth muscle cells. The evidence linking insulin with atherosclerosis has been gathered from nondiabetic subjects; this evidence is unavailable in diabetics. As it is clear that hyperinsulinemia is often present in diabetes, either in relation to mild glucose intolerance or obesity (in noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus) or because of insulin therapy (in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus), it is essential that further consideration should be given to the possibility that hyperinsulinemia may have harmful effects on the arterial wall. PMID- 3906362 TI - Atherosclerosis and insulin in primates with diabetes mellitus. AB - The most commonly available primate models of diabetes mellitus are of the insulin-dependent type and are attained through beta cell ablation techniques. Noninsulin-dependent primate models are less common since the animals must have a genetic predisposition to diabetes. Few studies have been conducted on lipid or vascular abnormalities associated with diabetes in primates. Diabetes develops spontaneously in Macaca nigra as the result of a lesion in the islets of Langerhans. As secretory cells are gradually lost, mild to moderate hyperglycemia, impaired glucose clearance, acute insulin release, hyperglucagonemia, and chronic hypoinsulinemia develop. Overtly diabetic monkeys require insulin therapy and thus alternate between hypoinsulinemia and hyperinsulinemia. The development of aortic atherosclerosis correlates positively with the severity of metabolic impairment. Lipid deposition is primarily extracellular and there is a paucity of foam cells. The very low density and intermediate-density lipoprotein fractions increase significantly, the low density lipoprotein fraction increases slightly, and the high-density lipoprotein fractions remain essentially unchanged. Because these monkeys are maintained on a nonatherogenic chow ration, the effects of diabetes, per se, on vascular sclerosis can be evaluated. PMID- 3906364 TI - Effects of insulin on physical factors: atherosclerosis in diabetes mellitus. AB - Newton's laws of motion play a major role in blood flow. Inertia and conservation of momentum cause flow to separate at branches and curves in large blood vessels. Areas of separated flow in the arterial system are sites of atherogenesis. The place at which the separation ends, called the stagnation point, is the focus for plaque development. Pulsation of the arterial circulation causes the stagnation point to move downstream with each systole and upstream with each diastole. This movement generates forward and backward shearing force in the stagnation region as the separated flow migrates back and forth. Angular momentum, introduced into flowing blood with each heart beat and further enhanced by the asymmetry of origin of vessels branching from the aorta, generates a sidewise force component that is preserved during migration of the stagnation point. The sidewise force, added to the forward and backward shear stresses, creates an area of multidirectional shear stress under the migrating stagnation point that increases the permeability of the local endothelium. Blood is a complex fluid; it can generate greater shear stresses near the stagnation point than the simple fluids normally studied by fluid mechanicists. Blood is capable of retaining shear stress for short periods after it ceases to flow and extra work is required to establish its flow. In diabetes, reduced erythrocyte deformability further burdens flow onset. We are not yet able to establish whether the increase is only a few percent, or whether the burden is larger. Whatever its magnitude, diabetic modifications of the flow properties of blood, directly affect the size, location, and rate of development of atherosclerotic plaques. PMID- 3906365 TI - Noninvasive methods for evaluation of atherosclerosis in man. AB - Accelerated atherosclerosis is known to occur in diabetes mellitus, but the exact mechanisms for this adverse consequence are unknown. Prospective determination of each patient's state of atherosclerosis coupled with serial comparisons between patients could be used to clarify relationships between insulin levels and growth rates of atherosclerotic lesions. Noninvasive measurements of atherosclerosis that are now feasible are phonoangiography, continuous-wave and pulsed Doppler ultrasound imaging, reflected beta-mode ultrasound imaging, computed axial tomography, and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging. An interesting new application of ultrasound beta-mode imaging for the estimation of localized arterial wall stiffness is described. PMID- 3906367 TI - Effect of a single therapeutic dose of levamisole on bovine viral diarrhea virus infection in calves. AB - The effect of a single therapeutic dose of levamisole in calves experimentally infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) was evaluated in 2 separate double-blind experiments. The infection was mild and there was no difference in severity of infection or speed of recovery between levamisole-treated and 0.9% Nacl solution-treated (control) calves. There were no significant differences between drug-treated and control calves in respect to total white blood cell, lymphocyte, and neutrophil counts, and the viral recovery data from these calves were comparable. The differences in blastogenic response of lymphocytes to the mitogen phytohemagglutinin and serum antibody titers of the 2 groups of calves were also insignificant. An increased lymphocytic hyperplasia was observed in a larger number of lymphoid tissues of drug-treated calves than in those of control calves. It appeared that a single therapeutic dose of levamisole was ineffective in altering the response of calves infected with BVDV. PMID- 3906366 TI - Acute childhood diarrhoea in Naples: an aetiologic study. AB - A potential aetiologic agent was detected in the stools of 56% of 118 children hospitalized in Naples for acute diarrhoea. Rotavirus and Salmonella were the agents most commonly associated with disease, accounting for 23 and 17 percent of cases, respectively. Campylobacter jejuni, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, Yersinia and Shigella were less frequently isolated (total, 11% of cases). These findings fit well with the epidemiological picture described for other developed countries, except for the isolation rate of Salmonella which widely exceeds that reported in other investigations. Cytotoxic strains of E. coli and other Gram negative bacilli were identified in the stools of 18 children; the possible pathogenic role of these strains is unknown and needs further investigation. PMID- 3906368 TI - Influence of sialic contents on the chemiluminescent response of human leucocytes to group B streptococci. AB - The sialic acid content in reference strains of various Group B streptococci serotypes was studied before and after serial passages in mouse to enhance the virulence. The passages in mouse strongly increased the sialic acid content but the neuraminidase treatment reduced the to comparable values in reference and in virulent strains. The chemiluminescent response of human polymorphonuclear leucocytes to different GBS strains was higher for reference strains and lower for virulent strains. Sialic acid removal by neuraminidase increased the chemiluminescent response in virulent and in reference strains. Negative correlation between sialic acid content and chemiluminescence was demonstrated in strains of the same serotype, before and after passages in mouse and neuraminidase treatment for types Ic, II and III but no correlation was found considering the sialic acid content in strains belonging to different serotypes. PMID- 3906369 TI - Inhibition of Candida albicans by methanethiol produced by Brevibacterium linens. AB - Brevibacterium linens was screened for antifungal activity against Candida albicans using several antibiotic assay methods. The growth of C. albicans was inhibited only when the dual culture assay method was employed and using methionine-supplemented media. Results suggest that methanethiol which is produced by B. linens' utilization of methionine is the agent inhibitory to C. albicans' growth. PMID- 3906370 TI - Enhancement of mutagenesis in gamma ray exposed Escherichia coli by plasmids of different incompatibility groups. AB - We have analyzed the correlation between plasmid incompatibility group and enhanced mutagenesis in gamma ray exposed Escherichia coli WP2. The data reported indicate that plasmids of different incompatibility groups are involved in DNA repair mechanisms and suggest that the damage of the DNA produced by gamma rays or other physical agents and by chemical mutagens stimulates a common mechanism of bacterial DNA repair. PMID- 3906371 TI - Production of macrophage activating factor by human leukemic T cell lines. AB - Human leukemic T cell lines were tested for their ability to produce a macrophage activating factor. When mouse peritoneal macrophages were cultured for 48 hr in the presence of culture supernatants from cell lines HPB-ALL, CCRF-CEM, or MOLT 4, glucose oxidation via the hexose monophosphate pathway was enhanced by five to seven fold. Culture supernatants from cell line HPB-MLT stimulated the oxidation to a lesser extent. However, cell line CCRF-HSB-2 was essentially inactive as a producer. The active supernatants also stimulated the release of hydrogen peroxide from macrophages, whereas the inactive one did not. Since treatment of the cell lines with 12-o-tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate or phytohemagglutinin had little effect on the production of the factor except HPB-ALL, the cell lines seemed to secrete the factor constitutively. The stimulatory effect was dose dependent and evident at a concentration as low as a 1/80 dilution. The factor was resistant to heat treatment at 100 C for 20 min, nondialysable and sensitive to protease digestion. The activating factor could be partially purified by anion exchange and gel filtration chromatographies. PMID- 3906372 TI - Virulence of chick embryo fibroblast-passaged flury HEP rabies virus and its revertants in mice. AB - Chick embryo fibroblast-passaged Flury high egg passage (HEP) rabies virus failed to kill nude mice or cyclophosphamide-treated mice when inoculated intracerebrally. The virus regained neurovirulence for adult mice after three passages in mouse neuroblastoma C1300 cells (NA cells). However, even after 20 passages in NA cells, the virulence could not be increased to the level shown by the virus passaged several times in suckling mice. Some physiological and biological properties of the virus showing and not showing mouse virulence after five serial passages and after one single passage in NA cells, respectively, were compared. PMID- 3906373 TI - Baptism through the ages. PMID- 3906374 TI - Captopril for mild to moderate hypertension. PMID- 3906375 TI - [Sacrococcygeal teratomas with intrapelvic localization. Clinico-radiologic considerations in 9 cases]. PMID- 3906376 TI - [Diabetic microangiopathy: does a genetic susceptibility HLA-correlated exist?]. PMID- 3906377 TI - [Immunology in the natural history of diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 3906378 TI - The apprenticeship system and the development of early medical schools in America. PMID- 3906379 TI - [Diabetes mellitus type I, thyroid gland autoimmunity, thyroid gland function and HLA status]. AB - In a cross-sectional study sera of 130 children and adolescents with insulin dependent (type I) diabetes were tested for the presence of cytoplasmatic islet cell antibodies (ICA), thyroid microsomal antibodies (TMA) as well as thyroid function (T3, T4, thyrotrophin). 102 of the patients were examined for thyroid enlargement, all patients with TMA were within this group. TMA were found in 15.4%, ICA in 38.5%, the latter decreasing with duration of diabetes. Of the TMA positive sera, 45% were also ICA positive, but only one child out of these was diabetic for more than 5 years. Thyroid enlargement occurred in 33.3%, however in TMA positive patients in 70%, of which one girl suffered from hypothyroidism due to biopsy-proven Hashimoto's thyroiditis, all the other diabetics being euthyroid. There was no sex predisposition. By HLA-typing 40% of TMA positive patients expressed the HLA-DR3 antigen which is said to be responsible for "autoimmune" diabetes, whereas only some of these were ICA positive as well. In our study, no significant association was found between presence or even persistence of ICA and TMA, nor between thyroid autoimmunity and HLA-DR3. Since type I diabetic patients with thyroid autoimmunity are predisposed to develop hypothyroidism with time, less likely also Addison's disease, screening of type I diabetics for thyroid microsomal antibodies should be considered especially in those with thyroid enlargement. PMID- 3906381 TI - Experimental and clinical studies with servo-controlled glucose and insulin administration during cardiopulmonary bypass. PMID- 3906380 TI - [14 years of kidney transplantation in children. Results with special reference to cyclosporin A treatment]. AB - In Hannover, between 1970 and 1983 a total of 115 kidney transplantations were performed in 97 children aged between 2 and 16 years. On 31st December 1983, 85 children (= 88%) were alive and 77 of them (= 79,4%) had a functioning graft, while 8 (= 8,2%) had to return to dialysis treatment. Of 115 grafts transplanted 39 (= 33,9%) were lost again. Late complications in children with longlasting graft function included hypertension, steroid-cushing, osteo-porosis and growth retardation. Since September 1982 the new immunosuppressive drug cyclosporin A was used in combination with a low dose prednisolone therapy. Results of 28 kidney transplantations with cyclosporin A treatment are compared to 37 kidney transplantations with cyclosporin A treatment are compared to 37 kidney transplantations with conventional immunosuppression with azathioprin plus prednisolone. The two year survival rate of grafts was 96% under cyclosporin A, compared to 68% under conventional immunosuppression. The survival rate of patients after two years did not differ in both groups (96 vs. 94%). The growth rates under cyclosporin A are significantly better than under conventional immunosuppression. PMID- 3906382 TI - Endocrine response to cardiopulmonary bypass. PMID- 3906383 TI - Three decades of cardiac anesthesia. PMID- 3906385 TI - Implication of hydrogen peroxide in the mutagenicity of coffee. AB - A cup of instant coffee (150 ml) of normal strength (15 mg/ml) was found to contain about 500 and 750 micrograms of hydrogen peroxide soon after its preparation at 37 degrees C and 80 degrees C, respectively, but the concentration of hydrogen peroxide in the coffee increased with time for up to 24 h after its preparation. Thus coffee contains a hydrogen peroxide generating system. As extracts of green coffee beans were found to have very low capacity to generate hydrogen peroxide, this generating system is produced by roasting coffee beans. Hydrogen peroxide itself was only weakly mutagenic to Salmonella typhimurium TA100, but in the presence of methylglyoxal, which is also present as a mutagenic component in coffee, hydrogen peroxide showed strong mutagenicity. Hydrogen peroxide and methylglyoxal seem to be responsible for most of the mutagenicity of instant coffee. PMID- 3906384 TI - Mechanical support of the failing heart. PMID- 3906386 TI - Carcinogenic N-hydroxylaminopurine derivatives do not act as base analog mutagens in Salmonella typhimurium. AB - N-Hydroxylaminopurines are highly mutagenic for growing as well as resting Salmonella typhimurium strain TA100 and to a lesser extent for strain TA98. Aminopurines, under similar conditions, are not mutagenic. N Methylhydroxylaminopurine, under similar conditions, exhibits only minimal activity. The results are taken to indicate that unlike non-hydroxylated aminopurines, N-hydroxylaminopurines exert their mutagenicity not by acting as base analogs but by direct covalent binding with DNA-guanine. PMID- 3906387 TI - Carcinogens induce genetic tandem duplications in Salmonella. AB - Extensive studies have shown that chemical carcinogenesis involves an initiation promotion pattern. A gene amplification model of carcinogenesis predicts that initiation involves induction of a genetic tandem duplication. We use a system developed by Anderson and Roth to select for tandem duplication of the histidine operon of Salmonella typhimurium by selection for resistance to 3-amino-1,2,4 triazole. Evidence reported here shows that, consistent with prediction, 10 carcinogens are all active in inducing tandem duplications. Two toxic noncarcinogens show little or no activity under the conditions used in inducing tandem duplication but azide, a mutagenic noncarcinogen, did show some activity. 9 types of evidence now support the gene amplification initiation-promotion model of carcinogenesis. PMID- 3906388 TI - Induction of specific base-pair substitutions in E. coli trpA mutants by chloroethylene oxide, a carcinogenic vinyl chloride metabolite. AB - Chloroethylene oxide (CEO), an ultimate carcinogenic metabolite of vinyl chloride, induces base-pair substitution mutations but not frameshift mutations in bacteria. The mutational specificity of CEO was investigated in Escherichia coli, using the trpA mutants developed by Yanofsky. Reversion frequencies to tryptophan prototrophy were analysed, and CEO was found to induce more GC----AT transitions than AT----TA transversions, in addition to a low frequency of other types of substitution. This specificity indicates that CEO is mutagenic through a miscoding DNA adduct. The results are discussed in relation to the various CEO DNA adducts formed and to their reported or expected mispairing properties. PMID- 3906389 TI - recA-independent mutagenicity induced by chloroethylene oxide in E. coli. AB - The mechanism of mutagenicity of chloroethylene oxide (CEO), an ultimate carcinogenic metabolite of vinyl chloride, was investigated in 3 Escherichia coli strains (E. coli "multitest"). In this system, the mutagenicity of CEO was found to be mainly SOS-independent. CEO did not induce recombinational events at a detection level of about 10(-2) recombinants/survivor. Our results indicate that CEO- (or vinyl chloride-) induced bacterial mutagenesis arises mainly from miscoding DNA adducts. PMID- 3906390 TI - [Synergistic effect of clotrimazole and hexamidinediisethionate against Candida albicans]. PMID- 3906391 TI - [Fungal flora in the fur of small rodents in the area of Warsaw]. PMID- 3906392 TI - Cytosolic protein kinase activity associated with the maturation of the malaria parasite Plasmodium berghei. AB - Seven cytosolic phosphoproteins with relative molecular masses of 110, 58, 52, 46, 38, 36 and 34kDa and isoelectric points between 4.2 and 5.0 are identified from the rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium berghei. Similar patterns of phosphorylated proteins are obtained from parasite cytosol after incubation of intact infected erythrocytes with [32P]orthophosphate, or from parasite cytosol incubated with [gamma-32P]ATP. The characteristics of the phosphorylation reaction are similar to the previously described Plasmodium protein kinase [Wiser, M.F., Eaton, J.W. and Sheppard, J.R. (1983) J. Cell. Biochem. 21, 305 314], suggesting that the same protein kinase is involved. More protein phosphorylation activity is associated with the mature parasites than the immature forms, suggesting that these phosphoproteins may play some role in the parasite's erythrocytic stage cycle. PMID- 3906394 TI - A 50 kilodalton exoantigen specific to the merozoite release-reinvasion stage of Plasmodium falciparum. AB - The immunoglobulins G of a human plasma inhibiting in vitro Plasmodium falciparum merozoite reinvasion have been purified and used to immunoprecipitate the antigens released into the culture medium by an [35S]methionine-labeled synchronous culture. Several of the major exoantigens identified were found throughout the entire life cycle; they were also immunoprecipitated from the labeled parasitized cells. Some antigens were found only after the reinvasion stage, and especially a major one of molecular mass 50 kDa and pI 5.5. The latter was not found in the parasitized cells but derived most likely from the processing of a major 126 kDa antigen which disappeared from the parasites during the reinvasion period and which was immunoprecipitated by an anti-50 kDa monoclonal antibody. PMID- 3906393 TI - Increased host cell-Trypanosoma cruzi interaction following phospholipase D treatment of the parasite surface. AB - We examined the effect of phospholipase D (PLD) treatment on the ability of Trypanosoma cruzi to interact with phagocytic and nonphagocytic host cells. The presence of PLD during the incubation of parasites with mouse peritoneal macrophages caused significant increases in both the number of parasites per 100 macrophages and the percentage of macrophages associated with parasites. Parasites pretreated with PLD, washed, and then incubated with untreated macrophages showed a marked increase in parasite-host cell association. In contrast, when only the macrophages were pretreated with PLD, there was no significant change in the association. Parasites required 45 min of PLD treatment before a significant enhancement in parasite-host cell association was observed. The action of PLD could be blocked by the presence of a competitive substrate, phosphatidylethanolamine, during enzyme treatment. The enhancing effect of PLD treatment of the parasites was relatively long lasting since it was still seen 3 h after the enzyme had been removed. The enhancing effect of PLD probably reflected an increased capacity of T. cruzi to associate with host cells rather than increased phagocytosis of PLD-altered parasites by macrophages since similar results were obtained when rat heart myoblasts, which are not phagocytic, were used as host cells. Neither the presence of phospholipids or PLD phospholipid cleavage products during the incubation of T. cruzi with macrophages had any effect on parasite-host cell association. These results show that PLD-mediated alterations to parasite phospholipids increase parasite-host cell association, and suggest that these phospholipids play a role in the initial stages of host cell infection by T. cruzi. PMID- 3906395 TI - Isolated gonadotrope failure in the polyglandular autoimmune syndrome. PMID- 3906396 TI - The Veterans Administration medical care system and the private sector. PMID- 3906397 TI - The fate of Anatoly Koryagin. PMID- 3906398 TI - Effect of captopril on heavy proteinuria in azotemic diabetics. AB - We investigated whether captopril, an angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor, would reduce proteinuria in patients with advanced diabetic nephropathy. Captopril (37.5 mg given in divided doses three times daily) was administered to 10 azotemic diabetics with heavy proteinuria. Urinary protein decreased promptly within two weeks (from 10.6 +/- 2.2 to 6.1 +/- 1.4 g per day [mean +/- S.E.M.]; P less than 0.01). The decrease in proteinuria did not coincide with a fall in systemic blood pressure or in the blood glucose concentration. Serum creatinine and potassium values did not change in any of the patients except one. We suggest that captopril caused a decrease in intrarenal hypertension, which contributed to the reduction of urinary protein excretion. The therapeutic value of this intervention remains to be established. PMID- 3906401 TI - Blistering skin diseases: new insights. PMID- 3906400 TI - Intraepidermal neutrophilic IgA dermatosis. PMID- 3906399 TI - Osteosarcoma: fifteen years later. PMID- 3906402 TI - Cellular and humoral immune responses to Candida albicans in subcutaneously infected mice. AB - Pure mycelial and yeast cultures of Candida albicans were produced in a low sulphate medium. Groups of mice were injected subcutaneously with increasing doses of viable or heat-killed mycelial or yeast cells and the kinetics of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH), anti-mycelial and anti-yeast antibodies were studied. Both the dose and the morphological phase of C. albicans showed an influence on the development of the DTH, but the viability is the factor which showed the highest influence on this reaction, since on the one hand mice infected with viable yeast or mycelial cells developed higher DTH levels than mice injected with heat killed cells, and on the other hand this factor seems to play an important role in the kinetics of DTH response. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay has been adapted to detect antibodies to yeast and mycelial phase cytoplasmic antigens of C. albicans. In contrast with the DTH reactions, neither dose, morphological phase nor viability played an important role on the antibody titer developed. However, the use of mycelial cytoplasmic antigens seems to be better than the yeasts to detect anti-Candida antibodies over the last days studied. PMID- 3906403 TI - Brief communication: extracellular enzymatic activities of dermatophytes. AB - Eighty dermatophyte strains belonging to the genera Trichophyton, Microsporum, Epidermophyton and Chrysosporium were screened for their ability to produce extracellular enzymes using a semiquantitative method. The results obtained vary significantly when the studied genera are observed separately, though the enzyme beta-galactosidase was detected in none of the four studied genera. PMID- 3906404 TI - Effect of antigen used in the detection of anti-Candida albicans antibodies. AB - Antigens of different origins were used in the investigation of anti-Candida albicans antibodies. This can influence the results obtained. We have assayed three different antigenic preparations weekly for 8 weeks in the study of anti-C. albicans antibodies induced by cutaneous, digestive, and systemic inoculations with C. Albicans ATCC 26555 in rabbits free of specific antibodies, and using indirect immunofluorescence (IIF), direct agglutination (DA) and counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE) as serological methods. In IIF and DA, two antigens were used (C. albicans ATCC26555 and C. albicans NCPF3153). In CIE we also used a third commercial antigen. All three somatic antigens were used at three different concentrations. Using IIF and DA the titres obtained with both antigens were similar in different inoculations. The IIF was somewhat earlier in the detection of antibodies, and the titre reached was higher when the antigen used was obtained from the inoculated strain. The detection of precipitins by CIE was in most cases only positive with the antigen obtained from the homologous strain, the highest level being reached in the systemic inoculation. PMID- 3906405 TI - Effect of cutaneous and digestive colonization in the induction of anti-Candida albicans antibodies: experimental study. AB - Candida albicans colonization induces antibodies, which must be taken into account in the serological diagnosis of candidiasis. In order to determine the degree of this effect, an experimental study in rabbits free of specific anti Candida antibodies by cutaneous and digestive inoculation has been carried out. The evolution of humoral response was studied over 8 weeks by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF), direct agglutination (DA), counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE) and double diffusion (DD). The cutaneous colonization detectable by culture was maintained until the second week in 70% of the animals and the presence of antibodies detectable by IIF and DA was observed after the 2nd week. The highest antibody titre by IFF and DA was 1/64, and was reached in the 5th week, with a tendency to drop in the following weeks. Precipitins were only detected by CIE in 15% of the animals in the 7th week. Elimination of yeast in stools continued only in 20% of the animals in the 2nd week of the experiment. Antibodies were detected by IIF and DA after the 2nd week, with the highest titres detectable by IFF in the 5th week. Precipitant antibodies detectable by CIE appeared in 15% of the animals in the 8th week. PMID- 3906406 TI - Vaccination and herd immunity to infectious diseases. AB - An understanding of the relationship between the transmission dynamics of infectious agents and herd immunity provides a template for the design of effective control programmes based on mass immunization. Mathematical models of the spread and persistence of infection provide important insights into the problem of how best to protect the community against disease. PMID- 3906407 TI - A closely linked genetic marker for cystic fibrosis. AB - Cystic fibrosis is a recessive genetic disorder, characterized clinically by chronic obstructive lung disease, pancreatic insufficiency and elevated sweat electrolytes; affected individuals rarely live past their early twenties. Cystic fibrosis is also one of the most common genetic diseases in the northern European population. The frequency of carriers of mutant alleles in some populations is estimated to be as high as 1 in 20, carrying a concomitant burden of about one affected child in 1,500 births. Because little is known of the essential biochemical defect caused by the mutant gene, a genetic linkage approach based on arbitrary genetic markers and family studies is indicated to determine the chromosomal location of the cystic fibrosis (CF) gene. We have now obtained evidence for tight linkage between the CF locus and a DNA sequence polymorphism at the met oncogene locus. This evidence, combined with the physical localization data for the met locus presented in the accompanying paper, places the CF locus in the middle third of the long arm of chromosome 7, probably between bands q21 and q31. PMID- 3906408 TI - Resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics by re-modelling the active site of an E. coli penicillin-binding protein. AB - The beta-lactam antibiotics kill bacteria by inhibiting a set of penicillin binding proteins (PBPs) that catalyse the final stages of peptidoglycan synthesis. In some bacteria the development of intrinsic resistance to beta lactam antibiotics by the reduction in the affinity of PBPs causes serious clinical problems. The introduction of beta-lactam antibiotics that are resistant to hydrolysis by beta-lactamases may also result in the emergence of intrinsic resistance among the Enterobacteriaceae. The clinical problems that would arise from the emergence of resistant PBPs in enterobacteria have led us to examine the ease with which Escherichia coli can gain resistance to beta-lactams by the production of altered PBPs. The development of resistant PBPs also provides an interesting example of enzyme evolution, since it requires a subtle re-modeling of the enzyme active centre so that it retains affinity for its peptide substrate but excludes the structurally analogous beta-lactam antibiotics. We show here that only four amino-acid substitutions need to be introduced into PBP 3 of E. coli to produce a strain possessing substantial levels of resistance to a wide variety of cephalosporins. We also show that transfer of the gene encoding the resistant PBP 3 from the chromosome to a plasmid could result in the spread of intrinsic resistance not only to other strains of E. coli but also to other enterobacterial species. PMID- 3906409 TI - Regulation and activation of c-myc. PMID- 3906410 TI - The c-myc oncogene driven by immunoglobulin enhancers induces lymphoid malignancy in transgenic mice. AB - Transgenic mice bearing the cellular myc oncogene coupled to the immunoglobulin mu or kappa enhancer frequently develop a fatal lymphoma within a few months of birth. Since the tumours represent represent both immature and mature B lymphocytes, constitutive c-myc expression appears to be highly leukaemogenic at several stages of B-cell maturation. These myc mice should aid study of lymphoma development, B-cell ontogeny and immunoglobulin regulation. PMID- 3906411 TI - Percutaneous fine needle aspiration biopsy of deep abdomen, retroperitoneum, soft tissue and bone under radiologic guidance. PMID- 3906412 TI - [Type II diabetes mellitus, a different form of insulin deficiency?]. PMID- 3906414 TI - The role of blood platelet and fibrinogen in experimental metastasis in nude mice following whole body X-irradiation. AB - Human tumor cells were injected intravenously into nude mice following whole body X-irradiation and the number of platelets and the serum fibrinogen level in the blood were examined. Pulmonary metastasis was present in the irradiated mice but not in the non-irradiated mice. The number of platelets decreased rapidly after intravenous injection of the tumor cells and remained low in the irradiated mice, yet there was a recovery in the number in the non-irradiated mice. Serum fibrinogen level was increased in the irradiated mice and was decreased after intravenous injection in the irradiated mice, to a greater extent than seen in the non-irradiated mice. These findings may be related to trapping and lodgement of tumor cells in the target organ. PMID- 3906413 TI - H. Winnett Orr and the Nebraska Orthopaedic Hospital. PMID- 3906415 TI - Humoral leukocyte adherence inhibition (H-LAI) before and after surgery in human breast cancer. AB - Eighty-four breast cancer patients were tested by the H-LAI method before and after surgery. In the cancer groups positive H-LAI responses could be stated in 90--100%. In benign breast diseases 94% positivity was also detected. The H-LAI values of the cancer patients did not change significantly at their discharge from hospital and only insignificant reduction in the H-LAI indices were detected even 3--12 months after mastectomy. The benign cases showed, however, a definite declining tendency in H-LAI after surgery. PMID- 3906416 TI - [Flunarizine and sulpiride--a comparison of 2 common antivertigo drugs in vertebrobasilar-induced vertigo]. PMID- 3906417 TI - Changes in insulin binding during hemodialysis in uremic patients. AB - To investigate factors responsible for altered insulin sensitivity in uremia, we studied 125I-insulin binding to erythrocytes in 20 uremic patients before and after dialysis. In uremic patients, predialysis binding was 50% lower in comparison with healthy controls (4.35 +/- 1.79 vs. 9.37 +/- 1.30%; p less than 0.01). Five-hour dialysis treatment resulted in a rapid increase in binding (on average to 55%; p less than 0.01). During the course of dialysis, binding to erythrocytes from 2 selected patients steadily increased in a time-dependent manner (on average 24%/h). The dialysis-induced increase in binding did not correlate with the changes in plasma insulin levels, but depended on the efficiency of dialysis as assessed by a relative decrease in plasma urea and creatinine. After an intravenous glucose load, the insulin-to-glucose ratio decreased in parallel with the increase in binding after dialysis. The results indicate that uremic plasma contains dialyzable substances which reversibly inhibit insulin binding, leading to altered insulin sensitivity. PMID- 3906418 TI - Tobramycin and amikacin nephrotoxicity. Value of serum creatinine versus urinary concentration of beta-2-microglobulin. AB - 108 patients who received tobramycin or amikacin could be evaluated for nephrotoxicity in a prospective randomized trial. Both groups had similar illnesses, and causative agents, concurrent drug administration, ages, sex ratios, initial serum creatinine and aminoglycoside levels and total dose and duration of therapy. Using urinary concentration of beta 2 microglobulin (beta 2m) as a marker, nephrotoxicity was detected in 13 (22.4%) of 58 patients given tobramycin and 13 (26%) of 50 given amikacin (n.s.). Using serum creatinine as a marker, nephrotoxicity was detected in 3 (5.2%) of 58 patients given tobramycin and in 7 (14%) of 50 given amikacin (n.s.). The whole group of 108 patients was used to compare the usefulness of serum creatinine levels versus urinary concentration of beta 2m. An elevation of serum creatinine was detected in 10 of 108 patients (9.3%). In 5 of these 10 patients the beta 2m remained normal, suggesting a functional renal failure. In 21 of the 108 patients (19.4%) the beta 2m increased while the serum creatinine remained normal, suggesting an aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity which would have remained undetected if only serum creatinine had been measured. In the remaining patients (77 of the 108; 71.3%) serum creatinine and urinary concentration of beta 2m both remained normal throughout the treatment. In conclusion no statistically significant differences were found between tobramycin and amikacin nephrotoxicity. Urinary beta 2m is more sensitive than serum creatinine and furthermore it allows one to differentiate aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity from functional renal failure. PMID- 3906419 TI - Long-term observation of passive Heymann nephritis. AB - Chronic renal lesion with membranous changes and massive proteinuria similar to human membranous nephropathy was induced in rats through repeated intravenous injections of gamma-globulin fraction of rabbit anti-rat F X 1A antisera (GRAFA) 0.37-1.5 mg/100 g body weight. The injections were administered every 2 or 3 days over a 68-day period for a total of 26 times. It is suggested that a sufficient amount of GRAFA was given to the rats to induce renal lesion, judging from the result that no remarkable differences were observed between the severity of the histopathological and clinical changes in each rat given the various doses of GRAFA. Furthermore, this renal lesion is considered to correspond to human membranous nephropathy morphologically and clinically, judging from the fact that the protein excretion was kept at a plateau, and the capillary lumen was kept almost intact with advanced membranous changes. PMID- 3906421 TI - [Psychiatric symptoms in cases with ruptured cerebral aneurysm]. PMID- 3906420 TI - Mechanisms of leu-enkephalin hydrolysis in human plasma. AB - The present work describes the kinetics of enkephalin hydrolysis by plasma enzymes and the fragmentation pattern of both the parent peptide and of the first hydrolysis by-products. The degradation kinetics were followed by positive identification of the hydrolysis fragments by chromatographic methods, by amino acid analysis and by scintillation counting of tritium-labeled enkephalin. In addition, the results presented confirm the role of the low molecular weight plasma components in the control of the hydrolysis of the peripherally-released enkephalins. PMID- 3906422 TI - [CT-controlled stereotactic operations for hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage Part 2: Cases with small hematomas in the thalamus and the basal ganglia]. AB - Theoretical principles and actual operative procedures of "CT-controlled stereotactic operations," which was invented by us, have been reported in the previous paper of part 1. In this paper, it is reported 9 cases, 5 of putaminal hemorrhage and 4 of thalamic hemorrhage, who underwent CT-controlled stereotactic operations for evacuation of their small hematomas. Eight patients were male and one patient was female. The age of patients ranged from 42 to 75 years, with a mean age of 62.7 years and there were 3 patients of over 70 years old. And there were 2 patients with poor general condition preoperatively; one had the implantation of pacemaker because of Adams-Stokes syndrome 5 years ago and the other had total gastrectomy because of gastric neoplasm 1 month ago. Eight cases were in acute stage within three days after the onset. Mean operative timing was 14.6 hrs. after the onset. It was very interesting that three cases, 2 of putaminal and 1 of thalamic hemorrhage, had recovered dramatically by this surgery, just like the course after the hematoma evacuation in cases of chronic subdural hematoma. Namely their hemiparesis are decreased remarkably within a few hours after hematoma evacuation. Practically this surgery has minimum risk with simple procedures. The hematoma evacuation can be done easily with high accuracy of stereotaxy. From our experience, potential usefulness of this surgery was positively suggested in the surgical treatment for small ganglionic hematomas as well as thalamic hematomas. PMID- 3906423 TI - Foreign body reaction to rubber Torkildsen catheters: a report of two cases. AB - Two patients came to clinical attention because of foreign body reactions to rubber catheters. In one patient, the reaction presented as multiple levels of aseptic meningitis and, in the second patient, the reaction caused an intracranial mass with localized neurological dysfunction. PMID- 3906424 TI - Wounded by bayonet, ball, and bacteria: medicine and neurosurgery in the American Civil War. AB - The American Civil War was a holocaust that illustrated the mid-19th century's unpreparedness for the delivery of medical care to the mass casualties due to both wounds and disease. Several major considerations are offered to explain the soldiers' morbidity. Incomplete understanding of pathophysiology and its management is exemplified by the treatment of the battlefield head injury. Accepting these concepts and the extent of the knowledge of the time, that higher mortality did not occur is in part testimony to the admirable care that was rendered and human resilience in an effort to survive. PMID- 3906425 TI - Intraoperative digital subtraction angiography. PMID- 3906426 TI - Tiapride: effects on tardive dyskinesia and on prolactin plasma concentrations. AB - In a placebo-controlled double-blind crossover study of 21 patients chronically treated with neuroleptics and suffering from tardive dyskinesia, tiapride (600 mg/day, mean plasma level: 682 ng/ml) exhibited a transient efficacy during 12 weeks of treatment, most distinct in the 6th week (p less than 0.01). Tiapride induced an increase of prolactin plasma levels, on the average, from 1,195 to 2,179 microIU/ml (p less than 0.01). Tiapride was well tolerated. Increase of parkinsonism was only mild and not significant. The results underline the difficulty in treating tardive dyskinesia and, thus, confirm the importance of prevention. PMID- 3906427 TI - Incidence of neuronal dye-coupling in neocortical slices depends on the plane of section. AB - The fluorescent dye Lucifer Yellow CH was intracellularly injected into neurons in slices of guinea-pig visual neocortex which had been prepared by sectioning either in a plane normal to the pial surface (radial slices) or in a plane parallel to the pial surface (tangential slices). In radial slices 44.3% of the injections resulted in dye-coupling and the number of cells coupled to the impaled neuron per injection followed a Poisson distribution. In contrast dye coupling was not observed in tangential slices. Incidence of dye-coupling in slices that had been sectioned in both the radial and tangential planes was the same as in intact radial slices, indicating that slicing in the radial plane induced the formation of pathways for dye movement between neurons. The results suggest that formation and/or strengthening of direct intercellular junctions between neocortical neurons may occur as a specific neuronal response to partial dendrotomy. PMID- 3906428 TI - Localization of chick retinal visinin-like immunoreactivity in the rat forebrain and diencephalon. AB - The present study is an examination, using an indirect immunofluorescence method, of the distribution of visinin, a 24,000 dalton peptide, in the rat forebrain and diencephalon. Immunoreactive structures were localized in the neuronal elements showing an uneven distribution. Immunoreactive neurons were found in the olfactory bulb, anterior olfactory nucleus, cerebral cortex, amygdaloid complex, ventral portion of the nucleus caudatus putamen, septal area, nucleus accumbens, nucleus paratenialis, nucleus rhomboideus, nucleus reuniens, nucleus paraventricularis hypothalami, nucleus supraopticus, nucleus anterior hypothalami, preoptic area, hypothalamic periventricular nucleus, nucleus mammillaris medialis, medial habenular nucleus, zona incerta, nucleus lateralis thalami, nucleus tractus optici and gyrus dentatus. Immunoreactive fibers were observed in the above areas, particularly near the labelled cells, forming fiber plexuses of varying density. In addition, dense plexuses were also seen in the globus pallidus, anteroventral nucleus of the thalamus, substantia nigra and hippocampus. In the former three structures, no labelled cells were present and in the latter, a few scattered neurons were found, indicating that these fibers originate from extrinsic sources. PMID- 3906429 TI - Microtubule-associated protein 4 antibody: a new marker for astroglia and oligodendroglia. AB - An antibody to a 240,000 dalton microtubule-associated protein, microtubule associated protein 4, was used to illustrate the distribution of this protein in semi-thin sections of the central nervous system. Immunofluorescence microscopy indicated that microtubule-associated protein 4 was restricted to non-neuronal elements of the brain and spinal cord. Astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and "specialized" glia, including tanycytes, Bergmann glia and Muller cells, contained microtubule-associated protein 4. This distribution of microtubule associated protein 4 in neural tissue in distinct from that described for the other major brain microtubule-associated proteins, microtubule-associated protein 1 and microtubule-associated protein 2. The reactivity of MAP 4 antibody with these glia demonstrates the antigenic relatedness of these cells and further distinguishes glia from other elements of the nervous system. PMID- 3906430 TI - Isoniazid for tremor in multiple sclerosis: a controlled trial. AB - We evaluated the effects of isoniazid on tremor in 13 patients with MS. Patients were evaluated before treatment, after 1 month of therapy (1,000 mg daily), and 1 month after the last dose. Ten patients improved on at least one of three methods of evaluation. Transient side effects were common, possibly because there was a high percentage of "slow acetylators"; dosage was reduced by one-half in five patients. Improvement was mild and did not result in significant functional improvement. PMID- 3906431 TI - Phenobarbitone in essential tremor. AB - We conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of phenobarbitone on a fixed-dose regimen in 12 patients with essential tremor. The drug was better than placebo on accelerometric measurement and clinical assessment, but not according to patient self-assessment or measures of manual performance. Phenobarbitone may be an alternative to beta-adrenoreceptor antagonists in treating essential tremor. PMID- 3906432 TI - Cost containment and the quality of medical care: rationing strategies in an era of constrained resources. AB - The general public, physicians, and policy makers have all come to accept constraints on public expenditures for medical care as a reasonable means to redirect resources to competing sectors of national life, and to reflect changing political and social values. "Rationing" of facilities and services by explicit and implicit methods seems inevitable; the poor and disabled must not bear the brunt of stringency. The politics of competition and altered power relationships among providers offer new opportunities for system-wide reform. PMID- 3906433 TI - Cognitive aspects of health surveys for public information and policy. AB - Health survey data are an important and efficient source of information for policy makers and administrators. But caution is warranted: surveys do not show cause-and-effect relations, and they are no substitute for randomized controlled experimentation in predicting behavior. The variety of surveys--governmental and private--is increasing, and both methodology employed and interpretation of results can be improved in suggested ways. PMID- 3906434 TI - [Repair of substantial tissue losses in cases of cancer of the breast with local complications]. PMID- 3906435 TI - [Histologic and ultrastructural study of the choledochus of the rat after microsurgical reconstruction]. PMID- 3906436 TI - [Our experience in the therapy of pilonidal sinus]. PMID- 3906437 TI - [Echography in prenatal diagnosis of chorioangioma of the placenta]. AB - Ultrasound during pregnancy is a valid method to determine foetal growth. Occasionally abnormalities are detected. We report a case in which an echographic study showed a placental chorioangioma. We underline ultrasound patterns and examine clinical features. PMID- 3906438 TI - [Instrumental diagnosis of the post-phlebitic syndrome of the lower limbs]. AB - A series of patients with post-phlebitic syndrome (PPS) of the lower extremities is described with emphasis on the value of combined doppler echography and phleboscintiscans for diagnostic purposes. On this basis, PPS is classified into 5 stages. A personal treatment protocol validated by a two-year follow-up is also proposed. PMID- 3906439 TI - [Our experience with biosynthetic human insulin]. AB - Biosynthetic Human Insulin (BHI) was administered to 20 diabetics for six months. A clinical examination, glycaemia before and after eating, total glycosuria ketonuria, and glycosylated haemoglobin tests were performed at fixed intervals, and the results were statistically analysed. It is concluded that human insulin produces no significant side effects. More important that the type of insulin treatment is effective outpatients surveillance of the diabetic, to ensure an adequate metabolic compensation. PMID- 3906441 TI - [Intraperitoneal irradiation in limited epithelial neoplasms of the ovary. Review of the literature]. PMID- 3906440 TI - [Contribution of psychoprevention in the preparation for childbirth]. PMID- 3906442 TI - Immunocytochemical visualization of taurine: neuronal localization in the rat cerebellum. AB - A novel technique for immunocytochemical demonstration of taurine (Tau) is presented. Antisera raised against Tau conjugated to protein by glutaraldehyde (GA) react selectively with similar conjugates in model systems and in tissue fixed with GA. In rat cerebellum, Tau-like immunoreactivity is high in the Purkinje cells but low in other cell types, including the stellate cells for which Tau has been proposed as transmitter. PMID- 3906443 TI - Parvalbumin in rat cerebrum, cerebellum and retina during postnatal development. AB - Radioimmunoassay and immunohistochemical studies were performed on the occurrence and distribution of parvalbumin-like immunoreactivity (PA-LI) in developing rat cerebrum, cerebellum and retina. No PA-LI was detected in the nervous tissues of the newborn animals. In the cerebrum, the PA-LI appeared in non-pyramidal neurons at the 2nd postnatal week and increased linearly until the 8th week. In the cerebellum, a rapid increase in the PA-LI took place at the 2nd week, with an enrichment of the antigen to Purkinje neurons. In the retina, amacrine cells contained PA-LI, the levels of which increased from the 2nd to 4th week. Regulation of intracellular Ca2+ concentration may be one of the important factors for the maturation of the central nervous system. PMID- 3906444 TI - The synthesis of lipids from [1-14C]acetate by isolated rat brain capillaries. AB - Lipid biosynthesis was investigated in isolated cerebral microvessels obtained from adult Sprague-Dawley rats using [1-14C]acetate as precursor. All lipid classes were labelled by [1-14C]acetate. Neutral lipids incorporated about 50% of radiolabelled acetate, among which free fatty acids and triglycerids showed the highest level of incorporation. Moreover, about 4% of radioactivity was found in cholesterol fraction. In phospholipid fraction, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine were the main radiolabelled phospholipids. [1 14C]acetate was also incorporated into sulphatides and cerebrosides. The presence of bovine serum albumin in incubation medium modified the percentage of incorporation in different lipid fractions. PMID- 3906445 TI - Can the elderly afford to be sick? PMID- 3906446 TI - Pyrrolizidine alkaloids. PMID- 3906447 TI - Tropane alkaloids. PMID- 3906448 TI - Camphor: a chiral starting material in natural product synthesis. PMID- 3906449 TI - Wound care in accident and emergency. PMID- 3906450 TI - Odor psychophysics in vertebrates. AB - The methods used to obtain psychophysical data on the nasal chemosensory systems of all classes of vertebrates are critically reviewed and a summary of the available data on their odor detection and discrimination abilities is provided. Although there are reliable methods for training at least one member of each class to respond differentially to the presence or absence of odor stimuli, very little is known about the limits of the capacity of any of the three major nasal chemosensory systems (olfactory, vomeronasal and trigeminal) to detect pure compounds. Furthermore, studies in which rigorous procedures are followed for both the maintenance of discriminative responding and the presentation of odor stimuli often fail to determine the sensory system(s) mediating the psychophysical results. This lack of information has impeded progress on several fundamental problems in the study of nasal chemoreception. PMID- 3906451 TI - Changes in body temperature after administration of acetylcholine, histamine, morphine, prostaglandins and related agents: II. AB - This survey continues a second series of compilations of data regarding changes in body temperature induced by drugs and related agents. The information listed includes the species used, the route of administration and dose of drug, the environmental temperature at which experiments were performed, the number of tests, the direction and magnitude of change in body temperature and remarks on the presence of special conditions, such as age or brain lesions. Also indicated is the influence of other drugs, such as antagonists, on the response to the primary agent. Most of the papers were published since 1979, but data from many earlier papers are also tabulated. PMID- 3906452 TI - Effect of dietary sugars on metabolic risk factors associated with heart disease. AB - The results from studies in which the effects of the extended feeding of sugars such as sucrose and fructose as compared to starch and other glucose-based carbohydrates on metabolic risk factors associated with heart disease have been reviewed. In general, the feeding of the sugars as compared to starch produced undesirable changes in metabolic risk factors such as blood triglycerides, total cholesterol and its lipoprotein distribution, insulin and uric acid. Other dietary components (e.g., saturated fat) can magnify the adverse metabolic effects of the sugars. A finite segment of the population characterized by high levels of triglycerides and insulin may be at a substantially higher risk than is the general population from the present level of intake of sucrose or fructose. PMID- 3906453 TI - The nitrate story--no end in sight. AB - It has been demonstrated that nitrates are reduced to nitrites in humans, possibly through bacterial activity. Nitrites, together with ubiquitous amines, can lead to an in-vivo synthesis of carcinogenic nitrosamines. The average daily intake of nitrates depends upon the amount of vegetables consumed and on the nitrate concentration in drinking water. Agricultural practices play an important part in the concentration of nitrate in both water and vegetables. If nitrate is taken up by the plant and not metabolised to amino acids, proteins or nucleic acids, it is stored in cell vacuoles as a reserve. However, with an over-supply of nitrate relative to possible photosynthesis, this stored nitrate is still present at harvest and leads to high concentrations in plant tissue. The nitrate content in plants also depends upon other factors, such as plant variety (cultivar), kind and amount of fertiliser, time of harvest and environmental factors such as light intensity, temperature, etc. It is suggested that we should try to meet the recommendations of toxicologists who believe a dramatic reduction nitrate intake for humans is necessary. It has been demonstrated that modern biological-organic farming methods clearly lead both to lower leaching of nitrates and to lower nitrate content in vegetables. Since no synthetic fungicides are used in this farming method, problems with the reaction of metabolites of such products and nitrites e.g. to highly cancerogenic and multigenic nitroso-ethylenethiourea do not exist. PMID- 3906454 TI - Dickens and the medical profession. PMID- 3906455 TI - Medical conditions on immigrant ships to New Zealand. PMID- 3906456 TI - Ambroise Pare, 1510-1590: a right royal chirurgeon. PMID- 3906457 TI - PPS for home health services? PMID- 3906458 TI - Glass ionomer cement--a material review. PMID- 3906459 TI - A tribute to Tony Mecca--a great New Yorker and a great dentist. PMID- 3906460 TI - Influence of statistical noise on the determination of the single kidney 99Tcm DTPA clearance. AB - Single kidney clearance can be obtained using the 99Tcm-DTPA complex and the scintillation camera. In order to evaluate the influence of statistical noise on the determination of the clearance, several non-noisy curves were constructed, simulating renal, background and precordial curves. Poisson noise was added to these curves and the clearance results were compared to those obtained on the original curves. It was shown that, in so far as a moderate curve smoothing was used, the statistical noise did not interfere considerably with the results of the renal clearance. PMID- 3906461 TI - Use of prostaglandin E2 topical cervical gel in high-risk patients: a critical analysis. AB - This investigation compared the safety and efficacy of 3- and 5-mg doses of prostaglandin E2 topical gel used for cervical ripening in 60 high-risk obstetric patients before oxytocin induction of labor. Both dosages significantly increased the Bishop score, unrelated to parity or gestational age. Induction time was significantly shortened, and the average maximum amount of oxytocin required was significantly less with the 5-mg dose, but not with the 3-mg dose, when compared with a placebo. Prostaglandin E2 did not influence the cesarean section rate. Uterine contractions were stimulated in 87.5% of the patients who received the drug, and 37.5% went into active labor, suggesting that prostaglandin E2 in these dosages is not an appropriate agent for local cervical ripening. PMID- 3906462 TI - Ultrasonographic determination of chorion type in twin gestation. AB - Reported are sonographic criteria for distinguishing the chorionic type of twin pregnancies prenatally. Thirty-four twin pregnancies were prospectively evaluated with correct assignment of chorionic type in 33 cases. The ability to determine the chorionic type of twin gestation facilitated the prenatal diagnosis and management in eight of the studied cases. Knowledge of the type of twinning antenatally is important in the management of twin pregnancies. PMID- 3906463 TI - The genesis of American occupational health nursing. Part I. PMID- 3906464 TI - [Complex ultrasonic diagnosis of traumatic eye injuries]. PMID- 3906465 TI - [Ultrasonic study in fragmentation trauma of the eye]. PMID- 3906466 TI - [Echographic evaluation of the state of the crystalline lens in children with congenital and acquired cataracts]. PMID- 3906467 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the results of preoperative ultrasonic diagnosis and ophthalmoscopic data acquired at the time of and following vitrectomy in patients with intravitreal hemorrhage]. PMID- 3906468 TI - [15 years' experience in the use of ultrasonic diagnosis in ophthalmology]. PMID- 3906469 TI - [Echographic studies in the diagnosis of endocrine ophthalmopathy]. PMID- 3906470 TI - [Ultrasonic contourography of the eye]. PMID- 3906471 TI - [Cytotoxic antibodies of HLA specificity after transplantation of the cornea]. PMID- 3906472 TI - [Clinico-morphological characteristics of retinal changes in patients with diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 3906474 TI - [Computer tomography in diagnosis of ovarian cancer]. AB - In 90% of all cases an ovarian tumor about 2 to 3 cm in size can be visualized computertomographically using a contrast medium. Determination of the dignity can be achieved in about 81% of all cases. Malignant tumors which are impressive as smooth-walled cysts are only recognized as such in 50% of all cases. Correct staging also occurs in 50% of all cases. An accuracy of about 90% can be expected in aftercare. PMID- 3906473 TI - [Sonography for early detection and diagnosis of malignancy]. AB - In clinical routine ultrasonography is suitable for identifying and differentiating genital tumours. In 95% of the cases visualization of the tumors is possible. According to shape and consistency, unsuspicious findings can be defined with 98% certainty as opposed to unknown suspiciously malignant-looking processes. Indications of malignant changes are significant in planning surgery. The introduction of a homogeneity scale from grades I to V would appear suitable to predict the dignity. PMID- 3906475 TI - [Morphology and growth behavior of ovarian tumors. Studies using DNA cytophotometry, immunohistology and tissue culture]. AB - Antigens A, B, Lea, Leb, CA 12-5, CA 19-9 and CEA were prepared immunohistologically, a DNA-cytophotometry was carried out and the value of a new in vitro proliferation assay to test cytostatic drugs investigated. Material was as follows: 20 normal ovaries and 105 ovarian tumors. Blood group antigens were expressed at a high percentage from well-differentiated epithelial cells, CEA in 50% and CA 12-5 in 70% of the ovarian carcinoma. Predictions about the dignity of borderline tumors can be made with DNA-cytophotometry. The efficacy of 6 different cytostatic agents was investigated in a new in vitro proliferation assay. PMID- 3906476 TI - [Round table discussion. Staging]. PMID- 3906477 TI - [Prognostic factors of ovarian cancer]. AB - Consequent surgery and new cytostatic agents have improved the prognosis of advanced ovarian carcinoma. Relevant parameters would appear to be the FIGO staging and the size of the post-operative residual tumor. The age and response to chemotherapy are of subordinate importance. A clinical remission depends on the general condition, type of chemotherapy, and the differentiating degree of the tumor. PMID- 3906478 TI - [Radical tumor operation in limited ovarian cancer]. AB - Concluding and from examples in the literature the necessity of lymphadenectomy, omentectomy, operative approach, removal of the peritoneal lining of the minor pelvis in stages I and II are herewith described. The value of the 'optimal tumor reduction' for stage III is also discussed. PMID- 3906479 TI - [Adjuvant chemotherapy in primary radically operated ovarian cancer]. AB - There are no conclusive studies on the value of adjuvant chemotherapy in radical resected ovarian carcinoma. General reflections including parameters, toxicity and formation of a secondary tumor suggest forgoing adjuvant therapy of stages Ia to IIa. The survival rate of all other stages is below 50%. A therapy would seem necessary. Only general recommendations can be made due to lack of conclusive trials. PMID- 3906480 TI - [Therapy of limited, malignant ovarian tumors based on exemplary cases]. PMID- 3906481 TI - Basement membrane laminin and type IV collagen in endometrial adenocarcinoma: relation to differentiation and treatment. AB - Changes in basement membrane (BM) structure were studied in functioning and hyperplastic endometrium, in adenocarcinomas with various degrees of differentiation and in progesterone-treated adenocarcinomas using electron microscopy and immunohistochemical staining with antibodies against human type IV collagen and laminin. These BM components were distinctly visualized as narrow, continuous bands beneath the epithelium and around the endometrial glands in functioning, atrophic and hyperplastic endometrium. In well-differentiated endometrial carcinomas there was mostly a continuous BM, though occasional disruptions were seen. The undifferentiated tumors, on the other hand, were characterized by the absence of a continuous BM structure, although irregular patches of BM material were found within the neoplasm. Hormonal treatment caused the reappearance of the BM structures. According to these results, the visualization of the BMs in the endometrium not only increases our understanding of tumor behavior, but can also be used as an aid for the classification and treatment of endometrial neoplasms. PMID- 3906483 TI - Silicone intubation for lacerated lacrimal canaliculi. AB - Twenty-two cases of lacerated canaliculi were repaired with the use of silicone tube stents. Of the 18 patients having early repair, 17 (94%) had a good result and one (6%) fair. The four patients with late repair yielded three (75%) with a poor result and one (25%) fair. Primary repair of lacerated canaliculi by this method has a good prognosis. Secondary repair is more difficult, and the outcome is likely to be poor. PMID- 3906482 TI - [Heterogeneity of the cellular sources of restorative processes in vertebrates]. AB - Possible cell sources for restorative processe in adult vertebrates have been considered: (1) differentiated cells undergoing a certain reconstruction after the organ damage; (2) reserve of little-differentiated cells which can be represented by heterogenous populations. Experimental data obtained on a few most studied models of restoration of the damaged organs or their parts have been analyzed. Each particular restorative process can be realized by cell populations which differ from each other by a number of features: origin, potencies, way of formation, localization of cambium, etc. Participation of heterogenous cell populations is most pronounced upon stimulation of restorative processes and in the extreme conditions. Specific involvement of every possible cell source in a particular case of restoration depends on the organism's properties, peculiarities of the damaged organ, as well as on conditions of damage. The existence of diverse cell sources provides for certain reserves of restoration what appears to be indispensable for reliability of restorative processes in varying conditions of damage. PMID- 3906485 TI - The management of the ptosis patient: Part I. AB - The various types of congenital and acquired ptosis are discussed as well as the findings on history and examination. From this information the appropriate operation can be chosen. Emphasis is placed on obtaining accurate and reproducible measurements in addition to assessing visual acuity, extraocular muscle movement, Bell's phenomenon, and tear secretion, especially in older patients. The operations described are the tarsal-Muller's muscle resection, levator aponeurosis advancement, levator resection, and frontalis suspension. Since the aim in ptosis surgery is symmetry in the primary position, overcorrections and undercorrections must occasionally be dealt with to achieve a satisfactory result. PMID- 3906486 TI - Technical aspects in ultra-large corneal grafts. AB - The larger the corneal graft, the more difficult is the excision of the button and especially suturing of the graft. The instruments and microsurgical unit are adapted to size and dimensions of animal surgery. The mathematical correlation between the diameter of the graft, the thickness of the cornea, and the length of the wound edges and suturing material can be calculated. PMID- 3906484 TI - Surgical management of traumatic incision dehiscence following penetrating keratoplasty. AB - Three patients sustained a traumatic incision rupture of their cornea transplant; six weeks, four months, and seven months postoperatively. The cases included a phakic, aphakic, and pseudophakic keratoplasty; all did well with clear grafts following primary suture repair. Our report confirms the preferred management of such cases with primary resuturing. PMID- 3906487 TI - Genetic and ultrasound study of hereditary pure microphthalmos. AB - Standardized A scan echography is the best technique for the biometric parameters of the eye. This has been very useful in studying the sizes of the anterior and posterior segments of the eye in hereditary microphthalmos. Echography and a genetic study led to a new classification of hereditary microphthalmos. PMID- 3906488 TI - Lymphoid tumors of the ocular adnexa. Clinical correlation with the working formulation classification and immunoperoxidase staining of paraffin sections. AB - Eighty-eight patients with ocular adnexal lymphoid lesions examined at the Mayo Clinic between 1970 and 1982 were evaluated. The histopathologic type was reclassified using the working formulation. Paraffin sections were evaluated with immunoperoxidase staining. There were 11 "pseudotumors" and 77 lymphomas. Sixty lymphomas were small lymphocytic type A; 27 tissues had a monoclonal staining pattern, and 4 had a polyclonal staining pattern. Five of the pseudotumors had a polyclonal staining pattern; none had a monoclonal pattern. The remainder did not stain or tissue was not available. Thirty-six of the 44 lymphomas that presented in the ocular adnexa remained localized. There were no distinguishing features between conjunctival and orbital lymphomas. Significant damage to the ocular tissue occurred in 15 of the 63 patients treated with radiation therapy. Older, asymptomatic patients with a favorable histologic type may not require treatment; therapy is reserved for specific indications. The probability of survival to five or seven years differs little from that expected in the general population. PMID- 3906489 TI - Extraocular muscle size comparison using standardized A-scan echography and computerized tomography scan measurements. AB - In many clinical situations, the standard for evaluating extraocular muscle (EOM) size, particularly in thyroid ophthalmopathy, has been use of the computerized tomography (CT) scanner. The impression is generally reported as "enlarged or normal EOMs." If the report of "normal EOM" on CT scan weighs heavily against the diagnosis of thyroid eye disease, how does this qualitative assessment compare with the diagnostic modality of ultrasound? The technique of standardized A-scan measurement of extraocular muscles has been extremely accurate. In this paper, standardized A-scan measurements and CT scan estimates of EOMs are compared in a series of ten patients with a clinical diagnosis of Graves' disease. Three of ten patients displayed enlarged EOMs by CT interpretations; seven of ten patients were categorized as consistent with Graves' disease by correlation with current ultrasonographic criteria for muscle enlargement, asymmetry, and high irregularity of tissue reflectivity. PMID- 3906490 TI - Recovery of corneal sensitivity in grafts following penetrating keratoplasty. AB - Corneal sensitivity was tested in 145 cases of clear corneal transplants using Cochet-Bonnet aesthesiometer. The central area of corneal transplants was found to be either completely anesthetic or markedly hypesthetic even 32 years following corneal transplantation, as exemplified in a patient who had surgery for keratoconus. Age, preoperative diagnosis, contact lens wear, diabetes, or length of postoperative period had no correlation with sensitivity in corneal grafts. In cases with a preoperative diagnosis of failed graft, even the peripheral recipient cornea was found to be relatively hypesthetic. The observations from this study that the central area of corneal graft never recovers normal sensitivity may have significant implications on the epithelial cell integrity of corneal grafts. PMID- 3906491 TI - Selective suture removal can reduce postkeratoplasty astigmatism. AB - Two hundred four consecutive eyes underwent penetrating keratoplasty by a single surgeon using eight interrupted 10-0 monofilament nylon sutures in the cardinal position combined with a continuous 11-0, 16-bite monofilament nylon suture technique. The interrupted 10-0 monofilament nylon sutures were selectively removed postkeratoplasty based on central keratometry readings and corneal topography. Sutures were removed in 56 eyes in Group I as early as six to eight weeks after surgery and in 148 eyes in Group II as early as three weeks after surgery. The mean astigmatism for all groups decreased from 7.5 diopters in the first postoperative month to 2.6 diopters 14 to 16 months after surgery. Sutures were completely removed in 75 eyes in this study between 2 and 46 months after surgery without producing significant changes in corneal curvature. The complications associated with this suturing technique were no different from those associated with other suturing techniques. The selective removal of interrupted sutures postkeratoplasty can improve the recovery of vision after corneal transplantation without subjecting the eyes to increased risks. PMID- 3906493 TI - Laboratory processed veneer. PMID- 3906492 TI - The serratial 56K protease as a major pathogenic factor in serratial keratitis. Clinical and experimental study. AB - A possible cause and the difference in clinical severity of serratial keratitis were investigated. Two strains of Serratia marcescens were isolated: one from a patient with severe liquefactive keratitis, who had diabetes mellitus, and one from a patient with mild superficial keratitis, but who had no underlying disease. When the same numbers of bacteria were injected separately into corneas of the same rabbits or guinea pigs, the strain from the first patient elicited severe corneal destruction, remarkable intracorneal edema; and liquefactive necrosis, but the strain from the second caused mild keratitis with erosion or intracorneal abscess. The keratitis induced by the former strain required a longer time to heal, and the prognosis was poorer than that for the other keratitis. Therefore, the difference in severity between the two cases of experimentally induced keratitis paralleled that of the clinical cases. Thus, the severity of the serratial keratitis might be attributed more to the virulence of the bacteria than the condition of the host. The virulence factor seemed to be a heat-labile metabolic product (or products) of the bacteria. To clarify this virulence factor, the major secretory protease (56K protease) produced by these two strains of bacteria was compared by using in vitro and in vivo systems. The virulent strain produced about ten times more protease during culture than the less virulent strain. When injected into the corneas of experimental animals, the 56K protease from the virulent strain induced severe lesions similar to those caused by the living virulent strain of bacteria. These results indicated that one of the major factors causing the virulence was correlated with the tissue destructive 56K protease produced by S. marcescens. PMID- 3906494 TI - Intraoral dermis grafting: has it any advantages? AB - Results are reported from a series of twenty-four patients who received intraoral dermis grafts for a variety of conditions and have been followed for between 6 months and 4 years. Advantages and disadvantages of dermal grafting, including contracture, the final histologic and clinical appearance of the graft, and problems with the donor area, are discussed. PMID- 3906495 TI - Relationship between the serum autoantibody titers and the clinical activity of pemphigus vulgaris. AB - With human tonsillar epithelium as a substrate for the indirect immunofluorescence assay, a statistically significant relationship was demonstrated between the clinical activity of the disease and the autoantibody titers in seventy-eight serum samples obtained from patients with pemphigus vulgaris. High pemphigus antibody titers were associated with severe ulceration, intermediate titers with moderate lesions, and low titers with mild pemphigus. However, the sequential studies revealed that this relationship was not always consistent throughout the course of the disease, and in three out of fourteen patients the correlation was either poor or negative. These results indicate that serial pemphigus antibody titers may not be consistent enough to be used reliably as the sole guide for monitoring disease activity. PMID- 3906496 TI - [Complex surgical treatment of chronic hematogenous osteomyelitis in children]. PMID- 3906497 TI - [Experience with the treatment of fractures in patients with diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 3906498 TI - [Clinico-experimental study of the effect of ultrasonic cavitation on microorganisms]. PMID- 3906499 TI - [Tactics of an orthopedist in congenital spinal deformities associated with diastematomyelia]. PMID- 3906500 TI - [Plastic surgery using skin-muscle flaps in defective stumps of the limbs]. PMID- 3906501 TI - [Osteoplasty in the treatment of pseudarthroses of the long tubular bones]. PMID- 3906502 TI - [Bone autoplasty with spongiosa in the open wound and laser irradiation in the treatment of chronic osteomyelitis of the crural bones]. PMID- 3906503 TI - [On the centenary of the birth of Nikolai Nikolaevich Priorov]. PMID- 3906504 TI - [N. N. Priorov--citizen, physician and scientist (in memory of the teacher)]. PMID- 3906505 TI - [Decrease of insulin binding on blood cells in non-insulin-dependent juvenile diabetics]. PMID- 3906506 TI - [The commemorative plaques of the Nyiregyhaza Hospital]. PMID- 3906507 TI - [Sandor Fekete (1885-1972)]. PMID- 3906508 TI - [Withering and the history of digitalis]. PMID- 3906509 TI - [Ultrasonic follow-up studies of the role of biparietal and thoracic diameters, as well as placental maturity, in the diagnosis of growth retardation]. PMID- 3906510 TI - [Why was Kalman Balogh, the Hungarian pioneer of bacteriology, a failure?]. PMID- 3906511 TI - [Mechnikov and gerontology]. PMID- 3906512 TI - [Patella fracture. Therapy and results]. PMID- 3906513 TI - [Dr. Heinrich Finkelstein--a life dedicated to children]. PMID- 3906514 TI - [Historical data on the treatment of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis]. PMID- 3906515 TI - Self-concepts and illness attitudes in chronic pain. A repertory grid study of a pain management programme. AB - Four patients completed a 10-session out-patient pain management programme which included didactic information, relaxation training and cognitive-behavioural techniques. At the beginning and completion of the programme a number of measures were taken, including symptom inventories and a repertory grid designed to tap the patients' self-concepts and attitudes towards illness. These two sets of before and after measures were compared. No changes in the symptom inventories nor in daily visual analogue measurements of pain were shown. Despite this, the repertory grids showed a significant increase in the distance between 'as I would like to be' and 'like a physically ill person;' suggesting that physical illness had become less desirable. At the same time the distance between 'like a physically ill person' and 'like a hypochondriac' decreased, suggesting that these two concepts were less clearly distinguished in the patients' minds. Analysis of the raw data suggested that emotional factors were considered more relevant to physical illness at the completion of the programme. It would seem, therefore, that the main impact of our programme was on the patients' attitudes towards illness rather than on symptoms. Since attitudes may partly determine subsequent illness behaviour, it is encouraging to note changes here which suggest that our patients have adopted a more healthy view of physical illness. PMID- 3906516 TI - The analgesic efficacy of intrathecal D-Ala2-D-Leu5-enkephalin in cancer patients with chronic pain. AB - D-Ala-D-Leu-enkephalin (DADL) is a pentapeptide which, compared to morphine, preferentially binds to the delta receptor. We compared the analgesic and side effects of intrathecal (i.t.) DADL and i.t. morphine sulfate (MS) in 10 tolerant cancer patients with chronic pain at or below the T12 level who were receiving inadequate relief or unacceptable side effects from systemic opiates. These patients were given i.t. DADL and i.t. MS in a randomized, double-blind, cross over study on separate days at least 1 day apart. I.t. DADL produced analgesia in all patients tested. Total pain relief was greater with DADL than MS in 6 patients, equal in 1 patient and less with DADL in 3. Side effects, most commonly drowsiness, were similar with both MS and DADL and suggest supraspinal effects by both drugs. At the doses given i.t. DADL produced effective pain relief in patients tolerant to systemic opiates although no significant difference in analgesic efficacy between MS and DADL was observed. Studies of the relative analgesic potency of i.t. DADL in man are necessary to fully assess its value in those patients tolerant to systemic or i.t. opiates. PMID- 3906517 TI - Systemic release of mucosal mast cell protease during infection with the intestinal protozoal parasite, Eimeria nieschulzi. Studies in normal and nude rats. AB - The systemic secretion of rat mucosal mast cell protease (RMCPII), a major product of rat mucosal mast cells (MMC), was examined during primary infections with the protozoan parasite, Eimeria nieschulzi in CFH/B, athymic (rnu/rnu) and euthymic (rnu/+) rats. Release of RMCPII into the blood stream (2.9 micrograms/ml of serum) of normal rats occurred within 1 day after infection. This response developed 3-6 hours after inoculation with oocysts, was dose-dependent, and was found in both naive and immune rats. Maximal release of RMCPII (4.5 micrograms/ml of serum) in naive rats occurs 9 days after primary infection, whereas the numbers of MMC and concentrations of mucosal RMCPII were maximal 14 days after infection, by which time the systemic RMCPII response had begun to decline. The numbers of MMC and concentrations of mucosal RMCPII in uninfected nude rats were similar to those in the heterozygous (rnu/+) litter-mates. After infection, the numbers of MMC and concentrations of mucosal RMCPII increased in the heterozygotes but not in nude rats. Similarly, RMCPII was detected systemically only in the heterozygotes. PMID- 3906518 TI - Development of Plasmodium berghei ookinetes in the midgut of Anopheles atroparvus mosquitoes and in vitro. AB - Plasmodium berghei ookinete formation in vitro and within the midgut of susceptible Anopheles atroparvus were compared. No significant morphological differences were seen, except that in vitro development was more synchronized and less degenerating forms occurred. In vitro ookinete yields were 4-31 times higher and less variable than those in vivo. Mosquitoes of a susceptible and of a refractory line of A. atroparvus were simultaneously fed on the same host or via a membrane with the same suspension of in vitro-formed mature ookinetes. Up to 100% of mosquitoes of the susceptible line produced oocysts, mostly in high numbers, whereas infection rates and numbers of oocysts produced in mosquitoes of the refractory line were lower and much more so after host feeding than after membrane feeding of mature ookinetes, indicating that refractoriness does not depend on a single process of inhibition. PMID- 3906519 TI - The development of Plasmodium ookinetes in vitro: an ultrastructural study including a description of meiotic division. AB - Ookinetes have been cultured in vitro using modifications to the method of Weiss & Vanderberg (1977). Significant improvements in technique were produced by culture in medium at pH 8.4 and at a blood dilution at or over 1/10. Ookinetes produced were infective to mosquitoes by membrane feeding techniques. Ultrastructural analyses were made of nuclear, cytoskeletal, crystalloid and microneme development. The first intranuclear division in the zygote has been recognized as meiosis. Chromosome condensation during prophase follows the classical stages of leptotene, zygotene and pachytene. Diplotene and diakinesis are not present - the synaptonemal complexes persist into metaphase I. Chromosomes separate at anaphase and rapidly de-condense prior to telophase. We have not recognized a second meiotic division in the ookinete. The implication of these findings to the molecular and Mendelian organization of the parasite genome are discussed. PMID- 3906520 TI - Immunochemical analysis of surface membrane antigens on erythrocytes infected with non-cloned SICA[+] or cloned SICA[-] Plasmodium knowlesi. AB - The SICA[-] or non-agglutinable phenotype of Plasmodium knowlesi schizont infected erythrocytes has been defined serologically but not biochemically. Similarly, non-cloned SICA[+] or agglutinable parasites have been shown serologically to express SICA or variant antigen(s) but the number and nature of such antigens have not been defined. Here we describe the immunochemical analysis of surface antigen expression on [125I]lactoperoxidase-labelled erythrocytes infected either with a SICA[-] clone or with non-cloned SICA[+] parasites using the methods developed for identification of variant antigens with cloned SICA[+] parasites. No 125I-labelled antigens in the size range Mr 190 000-225 000 were specifically immunoprecipitated from erythrocytes infected with the SICA[-] clone, even using homologous antisera produced by multiple infections or immunizations. Further, no 125I-labelled proteins of this size were seen in detergent extracts of the SICA[-] parasites that were not also seen with uninfected cells. We conclude that the SICA[-]phenotype reflects the absence of a variant antigen at the erythrocyte surface, as predicted by the serological assays. In contrast, with the non-cloned SICA[+] parasites, a complex group of proteins, Mr 195 000-225 000, was identified by [125I]lactoperoxidase labelling of intact infected erythrocytes. These proteins are SICA antigens since they not only share the characteristic detergent solubility properties and size range of SICA antigens identified previously with SICA[+] clones, but they were only immunoprecipitated by antisera which reacted specifically with the surface of infected erythrocytes. Agglutinating sera immunoprecipitated several of these 125I-labelled antigens. Sera specific for clones derived from this non-cloned SICA[+] population failed to agglutinate, but did react by indirect immunofluorescence with 10-16% of infected cells. These sera specifically immunoprecipitated single, quantitatively minor 125I-labelled antigens in this size range. The results suggest that a population of non-cloned SICA[+] parasites contains at least 10 different variant-antigen phenotypes. Indirect immunofluorescence was also performed against a non-cloned SICA[+] population derived by antigenic variation of a SICA[+] clone in vivo. The variant population contained at least 3 antigenically distinct SICA phenotypes, indicating that antigenic variation of clones may produce populations as antigenically heterogenous as antigenic variation of uncloned lines. It is therefore likely that natural malaria isolates contain a large number of different variant antigens. PMID- 3906521 TI - Immunity to an attenuated variant of Plasmodium berghei: role of some non specific factors. AB - Plasmodium berghei XAT, an attenuated variant of lethal P. berghei, causes a resolving infection in Balb/c mice from which they recover in about 3 weeks. The parasitaemia displays an early peak at about 5 days, followed by a steep drop in parasite number associated with the appearance of degenerating forms inside mature erythrocytes; the parasites remaining are inside reticulocytes. By contrast, no degenerating parasites were seen in infections caused by the virulent parent, which was mainly confined to mature erythrocytes. However, P. berghei XAT was no more sensitive to reactive O2 metabolites, generated by alloxan, or to tumour necrosis serum, than its virulent parent. Furthermore, its early drop in parasitaemia was unaffected by silica. The drop still occurred in the absence of T cells, although the infection was then ultimately lethal, and it was not mediated by NK cells since it occurred in nude mice treated with anti asialo GM1 serum to abolish NK cell activity. However, it was absent in splenectomized mice, in which P. berghei XAT infection was lethal. Thus, the attenuation of P. berghei XAT infection is not due to increased susceptibility to some of the agents thought to cause parasite destruction, but to some other mechanism in which the spleen is involved. PMID- 3906522 TI - Relation of red cell membrane properties to invasion by Plasmodium falciparum. AB - The effects of changes in red cell membrane properties on invasion by Plasmodium falciparum have been studied by varying the cholesterol content and the intracellular concentration of polyamines. Increased cholesterol content is known to cause large reductions in the internal fluidity of the phospholipid bilayer and a change in its preferred direction of bending, but does not cause changes in gross mechanical rigidity. Polyamines, on the other hand, are thought to increase the cohesion of the membrane cytoskeleton and impede translational diffusion of transmembrane particles, as well as increase the mechanical rigidity of the membrane. Cells with membranes augmented by 50% in cholesterol show no reduction in their susceptibility to parasitic invasion, whereas an increase in cytosolic polyamine (especially spermine) concentration leads to strong inhibition of invasion. In neither case is the development of the intracellular parasite affected. We conclude that it is the macroscopic, rather than the microscopic rheoelastic properties of the membrane that influence the invasion process. Depletion of membrane cholesterol leads to a substantial reduction in parasitaemia; it is suggested that this is linked to the reduced phosphorus incorporation into spectrin in these cells. Polyamines may exert a significant effect at physiological concentrations and the possibility must be considered that the elevated polyamine levels found in red cells in sickle cell disease may account for the protection against P. falciparum. PMID- 3906524 TI - Computerized analysis of microbiological data generated by replicator methods: an optical mark/sense technique for rapid data entry. AB - A rapid method of entering microbiological data into a computer is described. Data generated by replicator methods are recorded on optical mark/sense sheets, which are translated into conventional records by a document reader linked to a computer. The method has been used for processing the results of tests for antibiotic susceptibility and biochemical identification, the calculation of minimum inhibitory concentrations and the detection of transferable antibiotic resistance. PMID- 3906523 TI - A sensitive method for immunophenotyping stored leukemia and lymphoma cells with preservation of morphological detail. AB - We describe a method by which density-separated mononuclear preparations of blood and bone marrow may be stored and batch-processed for immunophenotyping by the indirect immunoperoxidase (IP) technique. The method gives excellent preservation of cellular detail thus permitting clear morphological categorization of IP positive and IP-negative cells. We compared the immunofluorescence (IF) and IP techniques for estimation of the proportions of cells displaying a variety of antigens; with normal blood cells the results were closely similar but with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells, IP was superior to conventional IF. Using 910 D7, a new anti-la antibody, we were able to observe directly the presence of la-positive lymphocytes and monocytes in normal peripheral blood and la-positive granulocyte precursor cells from 2 cases of chronic granulocytic leukemia (CGL) in transformation. The method is useful for immunophenotyping of cases of lymphoproliferative disorder (LPD) and for morphological identification of specific antigen-positive cells. PMID- 3906525 TI - Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis with fluorescent monoclonal antibody. AB - Commercial kits of fluorescein-labelled monoclonal antibody against Chlamydia trachomatis have been evaluated (1) as an alternative to Giemsa staining for detection of chlamydia inclusions in cell culture and (2) for direct detection of chlamydia in conjunctival, urethral and cervical smears. The inclusion-detection kit (Micro Trak Culture Confirmation Test) was tested on 270 cultures and was found to be highly sensitive, detecting all 16 Giemsa-positive specimens plus an additional 3 that were negative by Giemsa. It was also superior to Giemsa staining in terms of simplicity of use, ease of detection, and readability with toxic specimens. The direct detection kit (Micro Trak Direct Specimen Test) gave results which agreed with the culture result for all 33 genital tract specimens and for 32 of 34 conjunctival specimens tested in parallel. The kit is considered to be a valuable test for diagnosis of chlamydial infection by laboratories lacking adequate tissue-culture facilities. PMID- 3906526 TI - [Method of stereotaxic surgery on the medulla oblongata of different species of laboratory animals]. PMID- 3906528 TI - Predictive validity of the cognitive vs. somatic anxiety distinction. AB - The purpose of this study was to test the predictive validity of an instrument, The Cognitive-Somatic Anxiety Questionnaire (CSAQ), which purports to measure separately cognitive and somatic anxiety. Twelve subjects with either predominantly cognitive or somatic anxiety received a treatment that matched their predominant anxiety mode ("matched"), and twelve received a treatment which addressed the secondary anxiety mode ("mismatched"). After five sessions, the "matched" subjects reported significantly fewer anxiety symptoms than the "mismatched" subjects. The results support the predictive validity of the CSAQ, and suggest that anxiety may not be a unidimensional phenomenon. The implications of these results for clinical practice are discussed. PMID- 3906527 TI - [Role of the work of N. I. Pirogov in our current understanding of the pathogenesis of traumatic shock]. PMID- 3906529 TI - Pediatric uroradiology. AB - Pediatric uroradiology is the art and science of obtaining images of the child's urinary tract, not only to obtain maximum information, but also to minimize the invasive nature, hazards, and costs of the examinations. This article discusses which examinations should be used in which situations and when; and, if more than one is needed, the order in which the examinations should be performed and why. PMID- 3906530 TI - Diagnostic imaging in children with acute chest and abdominal disorders. AB - The authors review the imaging techniques currently used to study some of the more common emergency medical and surgical problems that are encountered in children and that are not covered elsewhere in this volume. PMID- 3906531 TI - Chest computed tomography in children. AB - This article describes the use of computed tomography for the evaluation of pediatric patients with a variety of chest diseases. Indications for chest CT, constraints of technical factors on the study, and analysis of the benefits of CT examination versus risks will also be discussed. PMID- 3906532 TI - Diagnostic imaging for the evaluation of abdominal trauma in children. AB - Trauma kills and maims more children each year than infections and neoplasms combined, and 10 per cent of trauma-related deaths are due to abdominal injury. This article examines the various modalities used in evaluating abdominal trauma, and discusses the imaging findings of injury of the organs of the abdomen. PMID- 3906533 TI - Digital subtraction angiography and its application in children. AB - The authors explain the basic principles of this exciting new modality and focus on the special considerations of its use in children, its clinical applications, digital subtraction and radiation exposure, and digital fluorography and radiography. PMID- 3906534 TI - Pediatric brain computed tomography. AB - Computed tomography today provides good anatomic depiction of the brain and its gross disease processes that have as a manifestation alteration of brain density, disturbance in blood-brain barrier, or mass effect. As such, computed tomography often provides valuable diagnostic information in the appropriate clinical setting. This article reviews many of the more common pediatric central nervous system disease states that have been demonstrated more easily as a result of computed tomography. PMID- 3906535 TI - Magnetic resonance imaging in pediatrics. AB - Magnetic resonance imaging has potentially broad applications in pediatric practice. Although further studies are needed to determine its exact role in comparison with the other imaging modalities, magnetic resonance has shown increased sensitivity in lesion detection in many disease processes. Since MR does not use ionizing radiation and does not require intravenous contrast to identify vascular structures, it becomes an ever more attractive imaging tool for pediatric diagnosis. Thus, the early results of MR imaging have shown promise and the future of MR appears exciting. PMID- 3906536 TI - Prenatal detection of fetal anomalies with sonography. AB - This article has presented an overview of the sonographic detection of fetal anomalies. Fortunately, fetal anomalies are relatively rare, but the information that is obtained with sonography can facilitate obstetric management and counseling of the expectant parents. PMID- 3906537 TI - Diagnostic imaging in children with spinal disorders. AB - The author reviews the variety of radiological modalities that may be used to investigate spinal disease and then discusses their application in specific disease states. PMID- 3906538 TI - Radionuclide imaging in pediatrics. AB - This article presents an overview of some of the pediatric clinical problems in which radionuclide studies play a major role in diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 3906539 TI - Airway and lung receptors and their reflex effects in the newborn. PMID- 3906540 TI - Neuroendocrine cells in the developing human lung: morphologic and functional considerations. AB - The structure, distribution, and frequency of neuroendocrine (NE) cells in human fetal lung from early stages of development to term are described. Neuroendocrine cells were studied by electron microscopy and immunostaining for serotonin and bombesin, recently identified markers of these cells in human lung. The differentiation of NE cells within the airway epithelium proceeded centrifugally and followed the development of the bronchial tree. The first NE cells, identified at 8 weeks' gestation, appeared well-differentiated compared with adjacent epithelial cells, and were immunoreactive for serotonin. The first bombesin-immunoreactive cells were detected at 10 weeks' gestation. Fetal lungs from midgestation contained several ultrastructurally distinct NE cell types, distributed singly and in groups. Serotonin-immunoreactive cells were more frequent during early stages of development and were predominantly located in larger airways. Bombesin-immunoreactive cells became more numerous towards term and were concentrated in small peripheral airways. The well-differentiated appearance and large number of NE cells in fetal lung, and their increase in number towards term, suggest an important role for these cells during intrauterine life and neonatal adaptation. Whether this role involves neurohormonal regulation of fetal-neonatal pulmonary circulation or local (paracrine) or endocrine function requires further investigation. PMID- 3906541 TI - Cell-to-cell interactions in lung development. AB - A variety of cell-cell interactions, either clearly demonstrated or suspected, are associated with development of the alveolar portion of the lung. It is likely that many of these same cell-cell interactions are associated with lung maintenance in the adult and with lung repair following a variety of lung injuries. PMID- 3906542 TI - A comparison of insulin receptors in the developing fetal lung in normal and in streptozotocin-induced diabetic pregnancies. AB - Insulin receptors from fetal rat lungs of normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic pregnancies were examined for their binding capacities and association constants. Sprague-Dawley rats, given a single dose of streptozotocin at 7 days' gestation, became hypoinsulinemic and hyperglycemic within 48 hours, although they remained healthy enough to carry fetuses to term. The fetuses of the streptozotocin-treated pregnancies had hyperglycemia (3,750 +/- 400 micrograms glucose/ml vs 390 +/- glucose/ml for control subjects), but were not hyperinsulinemic. Insulin receptor binding capacities of fetal lungs from control pregnancies increased as a function of gestational age from 16 to 21 days. Receptor binding capacities of lungs from streptozotocin-treated pregnancies also increased with gestational age until 21 days, when they dropped to 50% of control values. It was demonstrated in organ culture that fetal lung receptors from normal pregnancies of 20 days' gestation could be down-regulated in the presence of insulin and that this down-regulation is coupled to a biologic effect of insulin, hexose transport. It was concluded that fetal lung insulin receptors can be regulated by insulin concentrations in vitro and by experimental diabetic pregnancies in vivo. PMID- 3906543 TI - Role of prolactin, cortisol, and insulin in the regulation of surfactant synthesis by the human fetal lung. AB - Cortisol, in combination with prolactin and/or insulin, increases the rate of lamellar body phosphatidylcholine synthesis and markedly increases the secretion of lamellar bodies into the ductular lumens of human fetal lung explants maintained in serum-free medium. This combination also alters glycerophospholipids of lamellar bodies formed in the explants to resemble surfactant secreted by the human fetal lung at term. The suggested inhibitory effect of insulin on surfactant synthesis by the fetal lung was not supported by this study. PMID- 3906544 TI - Airway responses of children to environmental irritants. PMID- 3906545 TI - The role of piperacillin therapy in pulmonary exacerbations of cystic fibrosis: a controlled study. AB - Piperacillin was evaluated as an antipseudomonas antibiotic in a double-blind controlled trial involving 18 pulmonary exacerbations of cystic fibrosis. Standard antibiotic treatment (flucloxacillin plus tobramycin) was compared with standard treatment plus intravenous piperacillin administered according to two regimens. No added benefit from piperacillin was demonstrable on the basis of improvement in symptoms, physical signs, weight gain, pulmonary function tests, radiologic signs, or sputum Pseudomonas bacterial counts. Some patients experienced sensitivity reactions to piperacillin. In vitro, piperacillin was a potent antibiotic against all beta-lactamase-producing mucoid strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa; however, in spite of the fact that adequate serum antibiotic concentrations were achieved, sputum bacterial counts did not correlate with either the clinical status or the use of piperacillin therapy. PMID- 3906546 TI - Comparison of gentamicin and kanamycin alone and in combination with ampicillin in experimental Escherichia coli bacteremia and meningitis. AB - The conventional antimicrobial therapy of gram-negative infection in the newborn is the combination of ampicillin and an aminoglycoside, usually gentamicin or kanamycin. Although gentamicin and kanamycin have been used interchangeably, efficacies of the two drugs have not been carefully compared. In addition, the contribution of ampicillin to the outcome of neonatal gram-negative meningitis is controversial. We evaluated the activity of gentamicin and kanamycin alone and in combinations with ampicillin in vitro and in vivo against a K1 Escherichia coli strain. In vitro, the E. coli strain was relatively sensitive to ampicillin, gentamicin, and kanamycin, with the minimal inhibitory and minimal bactericidal concentrations of 2 and 4, 2 and 2, and 4 and 8 micrograms/ml, respectively. Checkerboard determinations of minimal inhibitory and minimal bactericidal concentrations of drug combinations exhibited an indifferent response for both ampicillin + gentamicin and ampicillin + kanamycin. However, in vivo studies using an experimental E. coli bacteremia and meningitis model in newborn rats suggested that gentamicin was more effective than kanamycin. This was shown by more rapid bacterial clearance from the blood, a decreased incidence of meningitis in bacteremic animals, and improved survival. Furthermore, the addition of ampicillin improved the outcome of kanamycin, but not gentamicin, suggesting that the contribution of ampicillin may vary depending on the type of aminoglycoside used. These findings suggest that kanamycin is less effective than gentamicin in vivo against E. coli and should be used in combination with ampicillin to achieve an outcome comparable to that of gentamicin in this model of E. coli infection. PMID- 3906547 TI - Rifampin and penicillin for the elimination of group B streptococci in nasally colonized infant rats. AB - Although multiple antibiotic strategies to eradicate group B streptococci (GBS) from colonized infants and women have been utilized, no regimen has been successful in eliminating GBS carriage reliably. Because rifampin has been successful in terminating nasopharyngeal colonization with other bacteria, we tested both the in vitro sensitivity of GBS to rifampin and the in vivo efficacy of rifampin in eliminating GBS from a new animal model of nasally colonized infant rats. The minimal inhibitory concentration of rifampin for 18 clinically derived strains of type III GBS ranged from 0.1 to 0.4 micrograms/ml. Atraumatic nasal inoculation of infant rats with 10(6)-10(7) colony forming units of GBS twice daily for 4 days resulted in heavy asymptomatic carriage for at least 10 days. Colonized animals were divided into four treatment groups: saline, oral rifampin, intraperitoneal penicillin, or oral rifampin plus intraperitoneal penicillin. Treatment was administered every 12 h for 4 days. All 78 saline treated controls and 47 of 52 (90.4%) penicillin-treated animals had continued GBS carriage 36 h after completion of therapy. In contrast, only 18 of 52 (34.6%) rifampin-treated animals and seven of 54 (13.0%) rifampin plus penicillin-treated animals remained GBS-positive. No rifampin-resistant GBS were detected. Combination rifampin plus penicillin therapy was significantly more effective in terminating GBS carriage compared to saline or penicillin alone (p less than 0.0001) or to rifampin (p less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3906548 TI - Ureteropelvic junction obstruction presenting with recurrent abdominal pain: diagnosis by ultrasound. AB - Three cases of ureteropelvic junction obstruction are presented in which the only symptom was recurrent abdominal pain. Results of physical examination and urinalysis were normal. Ultrasound established the correct diagnosis in the two patients in whom it was performed. Because it is safe, involves no radiation exposure, and is useful in evaluating the gallbladder, pancrease, and liver, as well as both kidneys, abdominal ultrasound should be performed prior to contrast radiography in the evaluation of children with recurrent abdominal pain. PMID- 3906549 TI - Prostacyclin concentrations in cord blood and in the newborn. AB - The levels of 6-oxo-prostaglandin F1 alpha (6-oxo-PGF1 alpha) were measured in cord blood and in peripheral venous blood in newborns using gas chromatography coupled with negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry. The plasma concentrations of 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha in cord blood increased significantly between delivery and placental expulsion (P less than .005). In newborns, the circulation levels of 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha after four hours of life were low and comparable to adult levels. Large quantities of prostacyclin are produced by the uteroplacental unit during parturition, but only small amounts are transmitted to the newborn during a normal delivery. The low plasma concentrations of 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha in newborns suggest that prostaglandin I1 is not a circulating vasodilator during the first week of life. PMID- 3906550 TI - Urinary beta 2-microglobulin in full-term newborns: evidence for proximal tubular dysfunction in infants with meconium-stained amniotic fluid. AB - Urinary concentrations of beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2M) and creatinine were measured in normal term infants and in those born with meconium-stained amniotic fluid. None of the infants or their mothers had conditions known to modify beta 2M excretion. Measurements of beta 2M were made on urines collected by bagging; urines obtained from diapers were not satisfactory. Urinary beta 2M concentrations increased significantly (P less than .02) in the normal infants from the first day (0.36 +/- 0.29 mg/L: n = 29) to the third day (0.60 +/- 0.43 mg/L: n = 21) postpartum. Compared with the normal infants, values for the infants with meconium-stained amniotic fluid were increased significantly on days 1 (1.64 +/- 2.16 mg/L: n = 25: P less than .005) and 3 (2.12 +/- 2.04 mg/L: n = 23: P less than .005). Levels exceeded two standard deviations above the normal mean in 12 of the 26 infants with meconium-stained amniotic fluid on postpartum day 1, and 12 of the 23 infants with meconium-stained amniotic fluid on day 3. Urinary creatinine levels were similar in both the normal infants and those with meconium-stained amniotic fluid. All infants with meconium-stained amniotic fluid with a one-minute Apgar score of 6 or less had an elevated urinary beta 2M concentration. The elevated levels of urinary beta 2M in infants with meconium stained amniotic fluid indicate the existence of tubular dysfunction, probably mild acute tubular necrosis secondary to hypoxia. PMID- 3906551 TI - Microcomputer-assisted relaxation. AB - The present pilot study was designed to test the effectiveness of a microcomputer program developed by the authors to induce relaxation and focused attention, which are common to most clinical stress-reduction and hypnotic procedures. A nonclinical sample of 20 adults used the program on an APPLE IIc computer in two 30-min. sessions in a within-subjects design. Repeated measures analyses of variance showed significant decreases in the Spielberger State Anxiety Scale and on a visual analog anxiety scale. Limitations and implications of the study are discussed. PMID- 3906552 TI - Immunologically privileged sites in transplantation immunology and oncology. PMID- 3906553 TI - Eyewitness--agents of change in medical biology over sixty years. PMID- 3906554 TI - His future foretold--the 1904 address by Herbert Evans. PMID- 3906555 TI - Reflections on Pascal's two types of esprit in the light of certain current insights into brain physiology. PMID- 3906556 TI - The genius of Friedrich Siegenthaler, M. D. PMID- 3906557 TI - Osler's professorships and his families. PMID- 3906558 TI - Haber's choice, Hobson's choice, and biological warfare. PMID- 3906559 TI - Cisplatin: synthesis, antitumour activity and mechanism of action. AB - A review is presented on the successful antitumour drug cis diamminedichloroplatinum(II), better known as cisplatin. Special attention is given to the synthesis of the compound and related derivatives, and to the nature of the hydrolysis products in blood and in the cell. In the second part of the review the mechanism of action is discussed. Binding to DNA and in particular the formation of intrastrand cross-links between adjacent guanines, to which the Pt(NH3)2(2+) ion is chelated at the N7 atoms, seems to be a very important event. However, at the moment it is not yet known which DNA lesion is responsible for the killing of the tumour cells. PMID- 3906560 TI - [Comet-like echo in the gallbladder wall]. PMID- 3906561 TI - Education for nursing: the diploma way 1985-86. PMID- 3906562 TI - Scholarships and loans for nursing education 1985-86. PMID- 3906563 TI - Implementing computer technology in nursing education. PMID- 3906564 TI - Site-directed mutagenesis of the Klebsiella pneumoniae nifL and nifH promoters and in vivo analysis of promoter activity. AB - The role of conserved nucleotides in nitrogen-fixation promoter function has been examined using both oligonucleotide and chemical mutagenesis to introduce base changes in the Klebsiella pneumoniae nifL and nifH promoters. Among ten mutations analysed, including six spontaneous mutations, base changes at -12, -13, -14, and -26, located in previously identified conserved sequences, perturbed the activity of the promoters, demonstrating that these sequences are required for transcription. Not all base changes produced similar strong promoter down phenotypes when the nifL and nifH promoters were compared: activation of the nifH promoter by the nifA gene product was less sensitive to base changes in conserved nucleotides than was activation of the equivalently altered nifL promoter by the nifA or ntrC products. We have found that the nifH promoter can be weakly activated by the ntrC product; this activation shows the same down response to base changes seen with ntrC activation of the nifL promoter. We present evidence that the efficient activation of the nifH promoter by nifA (but not ntrC) can be attributed to specific upstream sequences present in the nifH promoter. PMID- 3906565 TI - Stimulation of intermolecular ligation with E. coli DNA ligase by high concentrations of monovalent cations in polyethylene glycol solutions. AB - In the presence of high concentrations of the nonspecific polymer polyethylene glycol (PEG), intermolecular cohesive-end ligation with the DNA ligase from Escherichia coli was stimulated by high salt concentrations: 200 mM NaCl or 300 mM KCl in 10% (w/v) PEG 6000 solutions, and 100-200 mM NaCl or 150-300 mM KCl in 15% PEG 6000 solutions. Intermolecular blunt-end ligation with this ligase was also stimulated at 100-150 mM NaCl or 150-250 mM KCl in 15% PEG 6000 solutions. The extent of such intermolecular ligation increased and the salt concentrations at which ligation was stimulated extended to lower concentrations when we raised the temperature from 10 to 37 degrees C. PMID- 3906566 TI - Thymine glycols and urea residues in M13 DNA constitute replicative blocks in vitro. AB - Thymine glycols were produced in M13 DNA in a concentration dependent manner by treating the DNA with osmium tetroxide (OsO4). For the formation of urea containing M13 DNA, OsO4-oxidized DNA was hydrolyzed in alkali (pH 12) to convert the thymine glycols to urea residues. With both thymine glycol- and urea containing M13 DNA, DNA synthesis catalyzed by Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I Klenow fragment was decreased in proportion to the number of damages present in the template DNA. Sequencing gel analysis of the products synthesized by E. coli DNA polymerase I and T4 DNA polymerase showed that DNA synthesis terminated opposite the putative thymine glycol site and at one nucleotide before the putative urea site. Substitution of manganese for magnesium in the reaction mix resulted in increased processivity of DNA synthesis so that a base was incorporated opposite urea. With thymine glycol-containing DNA, processivity in the presence of manganese was strongly dependent on the presence of a pyrimidine 5' to the thymine glycol in the template. PMID- 3906567 TI - Nucleotide sequence encoding the biosynthetic dehydroquinase function of the penta-functional arom locus of Aspergillus nidulans. AB - The nucleotide sequence of a 1.9 Kb HindIII fragment of DNA derived from the arom locus of A.nidulans and encoding the biosynthetic dehydroquinase activity has been determined. The sequences encoding the biosynthetic and catabolic dehydroquinase enzymes of A.nidulans show no detectable homology, strongly suggesting convergent evolutionary pathways. The messenger RNA specified by the arom locus was detected as a 5.3 Kb RNA species. PMID- 3906568 TI - Regulation of the trfA and trfB promoters of broad host range plasmid RK2: identification of sequences essential for regulation by trfB/korA/korD. AB - Using a plasmid containing a transcriptional fusion in which the E.coli galK gene is expressed from the trfB promoter of broad host range plasmid RK2 we show that transcription from the trfB promoter is repressed by the products of both the trfB and korB genes as we have previously predicted from the sequence homology of the trfA and trfB promoters and the fact that the trfA promoter is regulated by trfB and korB. These loci, trfB and korB are normally transcribed from the trfB promoter. Thus the trfB incC korB operon of RK2 is doubly autogeneously regulated. In addition, we describe the isolation and characterization of a mutant trfA promoter which has become insensitive to repression by trfB as a result of a point mutation within the inverted repeat sequence previously predicted to be the trfB protein binding site. These results provide strong evidence for our previously proposed model for control of transcription from the trfA and trfB promoters. PMID- 3906570 TI - Nurse practitioner research: selected literature review and research agenda. AB - Selected literature is reviewed to illustrate current conceptual and methodological issues in nurse practitioner research. Concepts of style of practice, acceptance, satisfaction, and outcome are discussed. Methodological issues are linking process to outcome, complexity measures, use of existing data, and the effect of nurse practitioner education and experience on interpretation of findings. A research agenda with two objectives is proposed: studies designed to improve rather than evaluate practice and studies designed with a policy framework in mind. PMID- 3906571 TI - Portrait of a profession. Interview by Laurence Dopson. PMID- 3906572 TI - Computer-assisted learning. Using computers to practice nursing skills. PMID- 3906569 TI - Sequence of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae PHR1 gene and homology of the PHR1 photolyase to E. coli photolyase. AB - The nucleotide sequence of a 2301 base pair region of Saccharomyces cerevisiae DNA containing the PHR1 gene is reported. Within this region a single open reading frame of 1695 base pairs was found; using the insertional inactivation technique it was shown that part or all of this open reading frame specifies the PHR1-encoded photolyase. The amino acid sequence of the 565 amino acid long polypeptide predicted from the PHR1 nucleotide sequence was compared to the amino acid sequence of E. coli photolyase. Overall the sequence homology was 36.5%; however, two short regions near the amino terminus as well as the carboxy terminal 150 amino acids display significantly greater sequence homology. The presence of these strongly conserved regions suggests that the yeast and E. coli photolyase possess common structural and functional domains involved in substrate and/or chromophore binding. PMID- 3906573 TI - Computer-assisted learning. A software approach. PMID- 3906575 TI - Theatre nursing. A tale of two gloves. PMID- 3906574 TI - Computer-assisted learning. Educational computing. PMID- 3906576 TI - Bedpans or broomsticks? PMID- 3906577 TI - Hyperbaric oxygen treatment for multiple sclerosis. PMID- 3906578 TI - Reflections on the Mirror. PMID- 3906579 TI - DNA-damaging activity in ethanol-soluble fractions of feces from New Zealand groups at varying risks of colorectal cancer. AB - Using repair-proficient and repair-deficient strains of E. coli, we investigated the application of a liquid incubation assay to measure the DNA-damaging activity of ethanol-soluble fecal extracts. This method appears to be suitable for the study of a wide range of sample types. It was used to measure the DNA-modifying activity of ethanol-soluble fecal extracts from a group of European colorectal cancer patients. Data were compared with those from Europeans of similar age and sex distribution who did not have bowel cancer. We also studied groups of Maoris, Samoans, and European Seventh-Day Adventists who followed an ovo-lacto vegetarian diet. There are significant levels of DNA-modifying materials in the feces of many Europeans on a mixed diet, regardless of whether or not they have cancer. The number of positive samples was less in the Polynesian groups, and there were no samples that could be unequivocally scored as positive in the Seventh-Day Adventist groups. We conclude that diet can significantly reduce the level of ethanol-soluble mutagens, at least in New Zealand Europeans. The data may provide an explanation for the reduced incidence of bowel cancer in Seventh-Day Adventist groups. PMID- 3906580 TI - Approximal retentive grooves in cavities prepared for amalgam: a historical and current assessment. PMID- 3906581 TI - Action of mercury in dental exposures to mercury. PMID- 3906582 TI - Castability of alloys of base metal and semiprecious metal for dental castings. PMID- 3906583 TI - Evaluation of intravenous amrinone: the first of a new class of positive inotropic agents with vasodilator properties. AB - Amrinone is the first noncatecholamine inotropic agent with substantial vasodilating properties to be approved by the Food and Drug Administration. Its use in acute congestive heart failure (CHF) is associated with significant increases in cardiac index, reductions in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and systemic vascular resistance and little or no change in mean arterial pressure. Pharmacokinetic studies of amrinone report an elimination half-life of 2.6-8.3 hours, with slower elimination more likely in patients with compromised renal or hepatic function. Intravenous bolus doses of 0.75-3.5 mg/kg followed by infusions of 5-20 micrograms/kg/min produce hemodynamic improvements similar to those with dobutamine. Side effects with amrinone therapy are usually mild, but thrombocytopenia occurs in 2.4% of patients. Amrinone appears equally as efficacious as dobutamine in the management of acute CHF, but its role in therapy depends on efficacy and side effect data in greater numbers of patients. PMID- 3906584 TI - Ceftriaxone: a beta-lactamase-stable, broad-spectrum cephalosporin with an extended half-life. AB - Ceftriaxone is an aminothiazolyl-oxyimino cephalosporin. It possesses the typical in vitro activity of a third-generation cephalosporin with excellent activity against many gram-negative aerobic bacilli: Escherichia coli; species of Proteus, Klebsiella, Morganella, Providencia and Citrobacter; and Enterobacter agglomerans. Ceftriaxone also has outstanding bactericidal action against pneumococci, group B streptococci, meningococci, gonococci and Hemophilus influenzae. In healthy volunteers, it has an exceptionally long serum half-life of 5.8-8.7 (mean 6.5) hours. It distributes well throughout all body spaces, including cerebrospinal fluid in the presence of inflammation. Dosage modification is necessary only when there is combined hepatic and renal dysfunction. Adverse reactions characteristic of cephalosporins have been observed with the administration of ceftriaxone. No unique toxicities have been identified, and hypoprothrombinemic bleeding is not part of the adverse reaction profile. Ceftriaxone has been used to treat serious bacterial infections in neonates, infants, children and adults. Bacteriologic and clinical success rates have consistently exceeded 90%. The drug has also been used as single-dose chemoprophylaxis in coronary artery bypass, biliary tract, vaginal hysterectomy and prostatic surgery. Efficacy and safety were similar to multiple-dose cefazolin. Ceftriaxone warrants special consideration because its extended half life allows for less frequent dosing than other antimicrobials. Significant cost savings can be realized with proper use of this antibiotic. PMID- 3906585 TI - Antimicrobial activity, pharmacokinetics, therapeutic indications and adverse reactions of ceftazidime. AB - Ceftazidime is an aminothiazolyl cephalosporin with potent activity against gram negative bacteria including multiresistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It has limited activity against gram-negative anaerobes, is less active against some gram-positive cocci than other newer beta-lactam compounds and is inactive against Streptococcus faecalis and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Ceftazidime is stable against common plasmid and chromosomally mediated beta lactamase produced by Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas sp. Its pharmacokinetic properties are similar to those of moxalactam and ceftizoxime, and it has a half life of 1.9 hours. Excretion is by glomerular filtration. It is not metabolized. Ceftazidime penetrates into most body tissue and fluids, including cerebrospinal fluid, and produces therapeutic levels against most of the pathogenic gram negative bacteria, including P. aeruginosa. Ceftazidime accumulates during renal failure, but is removed by hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. As a single agent it has been shown effectively to treat meningitis; urinary tract infections; gram-negative pneumonia; bone, joint and skin infections; and obstetric and gynecologic infections due to susceptible organisms. When combined with an agent that is effective against gram-positive organisms, it is also beneficial in the treatment of infections in seriously ill neonates. Different investigators have used ceftazidime alone or in combination with other agents in the successful treatment of infections in immunosuppressed patients. Adverse reactions have been few and are mostly reversible laboratory findings. The effects of ceftazidime on prothrombin synthesis and platelet function have been minimal, and no drug-induced clinical bleeding has been reported. PMID- 3906586 TI - Anticonvulsant therapy after neonatal seizures--how long should it be continued? I. A case for early discontinuation of anticonvulsants. AB - The risk of epilepsy or afebrile seizures after convulsions in the neonatal period is compared with the benefits and risks of chronic use of anticonvulsants in infants. The best predictor of later seizures appears to be the presence of moderate to severe neurologic damage. In the absence of such deficits, the risk is below 10%, but increases to 50-70% when damage is severe. A comparison of reports indicates no difference in seizure recurrence rates when anticonvulsants are stopped early in the neonatal period or when treatment is longer, even in the high-risk group. After phenobarbital is discontinued and the plasma concentration falls below the therapeutic range, seizures usually recur within a few days or not for several months. Only 50% of these seizure types are expected to be controlled with phenobarbital. Long-term phenobarbital use is associated with impaired cognitive function in infants and toddlers, and retarded brain growth in rodent studies. PMID- 3906587 TI - A case for long-term treatment with anticonvulsants. AB - Seizures occurring in the neonatal period are one of the most significant discriminating factors in predicting childhood neurologic mortality and morbidity (epilepsy, cerebral palsy and mental retardation). Data derived from retrospective and prospective studies indicate that different variables, such as cause and severity of seizure activity, birth weight, neurologic examination and electroencephalogram, help predict which of these children will be severely affected. Most physicians treat such children with an anticonvulsant (phenobarbital) for the first year of life on the supposition that this therapy will minimize mortality and long-term morbidity. There are no controlled studies to indicate whether anticonvulsant therapy affects the outcome in children with neonatal seizures. It may now be possible to select those who are at significantly higher risk for neurologic morbidity, and these infants may benefit from anticonvulsant prophylaxis with phenobarbital. PMID- 3906588 TI - LH-RH antagonist inhibits gonadal steroid secretion in vitro. AB - This investigation was aimed at studying the direct action of LH-RH derivatives on gonadal function. Modulation by LH-RH antagonist (Ac-[D-beta-Nal1, D-p-Cl Phe2, D-Trp3, D-Arg6, D-Ala10]-LH-RH) and agonist of LH-RH (D-Ser(TBU)6, AzaGly10 LH-RH) and native LH-RH of HCG-stimulated steroidogenesis in testicular Leydig cells and luteal cells was studied in vitro. The LH-RH antagonist (3.2 X 10(-8) M) was found to change ED50 of HCG from 2 X 10(-11) M to 5.5 X 10(-11) M in the Leydig cell culture system. In addition, the antagonist was noted to override the stimulatory action of native LH-RH in Leydig cells. Furthermore, the agonist was found to augment HCG-provoked testosterone secretion. Similarly, the LH-RH antagonist at 10(-9) M blunted HCG-stimulated progesterone secretion in the luteal cell culture system and increased the ED50 of HCG from 8.7 X 10(-13) to 7.7 X 10(-12) M. In contrast to the Leydig cell culture system native LH-RH (10( 8) M) and the agonist (10(-8) M) increased the ED50 of HCG in luteal cells from 8.7 X 10(-13) M to 3 X 10(-12) M and 2.3 X 10(-12) M, respectively. Present data combine to suggest that LH-RH antagonists act at least partially at the gonadal level and may be clinically useful to inhibit Leydig cell and ovarian function. PMID- 3906589 TI - Effect of an antagonistic analog of LH-RH on haloperidol-induced hyperprolactinemia in female rats. AB - The effects of prolonged treatment with the antagonistic analog of LH-RH (N-Ac-D p-Cl-Phe1,2, D-Trp3,D-Arg6,D-Ala10) LH-RH (ORG 30276) on the hyperprolactinemia induced by haloperidol were investigated in intact or ovariectomized female rats. Treatment with ORG 30276 for 20 days significantly reduced prolactin levels elevated by daily injections of haloperidol in intact as well as in ovariectomized rats. Administration of ORG 30276 also significantly decreased serum LH levels in both types of rats. It is concluded that the LH-RH antagonist ORG 30276 is able to counteract the hyperprolactinemic effect of haloperidol. This effect might be due to a blockade of the action of endogenous LH-RH on the gonadotrophs, which results in a suppressing of the paracrine action of these cells on the lactotroph. PMID- 3906590 TI - Multiple cleavage sites of cholecystokinin heptapeptide by "enkephalinase". AB - Degradation of Boc CCK7 (Boc Tyr1 (SO3H)-Met2-Gly3-Trp4-Met5-Asp6-Phe7-NH2), a fully active analog of CCK8, by purified rabbit kidney neutral metalloendopeptidase (enkephalinase) was studied as a basis for the rational design of potent peptidases-resistant analogs of cholecystokinin. Characterization of the metabolites was performed by HPLC using several elution procedures. Three cleavage sites were evidenced: one major at the Asp6-Phe7 bond and two minor at Gly3-Trp4 and Trp4-Met5 bonds. All cleavages were fully inhibited by thiorphan, a potent inhibitor of enkephalinase. The relative importance of the different cleavages was established using several cholecystokinin analogs. At 25 degrees C the half-disappearance time was 18 min for Boc CCK7, Boc[diNle2,5]CCK7 and 70 min for Boc[diNle2,5 D.Asp6]CCK7. Although, half-life of Boc CCK7 and Boc[diNle2,5]CCK7 were identical, the replacement of Met by Nle, a more hydrophobic aminoacid, greatly favoured the cleavage at the Trp4-Nle5 bond which became the major breakdown. This feature was exemplified by the substitution of L.Asp by D.Asp, preventing the Trp4-Nle5 cleavage, which gave rise to the most enkephalinase-resistant analog in this series. PMID- 3906591 TI - Neuronal responsiveness to gonadotropin-releasing hormone and its correlation with sexual receptivity in the rat. AB - In the present study, an attempt was made to correlate the neuronal responsiveness of individual preoptic-septal (POA/S) units to iontophoretically applied GnRH with the onset of sexual receptivity. In both behavioral and electrophysiological studies, ovariectomized, estrogen-primed rats were used. In behaviorally tested rats, lordosis quotients (LQ) were determined at varying times following progesterone (P) injection. For electrophysiological studies, P was given 1 hr after the start of recording. GnRH was iontophoretically applied for 30 sec at 16 nA on spontaneously discharging cells. A unit was deemed excited or inhibited if a repeatable 30% change in discharge rate was observed. From 2-10 hours as the LQ increased from 17 to 90 the total number of GnRH sensitive cells did also. The majority of responsive cells were excited by the peptide. As receptivity displayed a sharp increase from 2 to 6 hours the mean responsiveness of cells excited by GnRH was significantly elevated over inhibitory responses. These findings confirm the E/P biasing effect on POA/S unit responses to GnRH. Moreover, they suggest that a dynamic relationship exists between GnRH responses at the cellular level and sexual behavior throughout the course of steroid induced receptivity. PMID- 3906592 TI - A new sensitive and fast peptide immunoassay based on enzyme amplification used in the determination of CGRP and the demonstration of its presence in the thyroid. AB - An enzyme amplified immunoassay for rCGRP based on cofactor cycling has been found to be clearly superior to a comparable radioimmunoassay employing the same antiserum in terms of sensitivity, speed and convenience. Correlation between the two methods was very good. With the enzyme amplified immunoassay we have been able to demonstrate the existence of rCGRP in thyroid extract. PMID- 3906593 TI - Multiple molecular forms of gonadotropin-releasing hormone in teleost fish brain. AB - Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) immunoreactive peptides in extracts of hake (Merluccius capensis) and tilapia (Tilapia sparrmanii) brain were investigated by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and radioimmunoassay with region specific antisera. In hake brain, content and concentration of GnRH was higher in the pituitary gland than in the hypothalamic lobes or extrahypothalamic brain. Hake pituitary gland GnRH was purified by six consecutive HPLC systems. The major GnRH molecular form co-eluted with salmon brain GnRH (Trp7, Leu8-GnRH) in four different HPLC systems which were specifically designed to separate the four natural vertebrate GnRHs (mammalian, salmon, chicken I and II). The immunoreactive peak in the final purification step had a retention time identical to that of Trp7, Leu8-GnRH and an UV absorbance (280 nm) peak appropriate for two tryptophan residues in the peptide, as in Trp7, Leu8-GnRH. Six additional less hydrophobic forms of GnRH were detected. Tilapia brain extract contained two major GnRH molecular forms which had identical retention times to chicken GnRH I (Gln8-GnRH) and Trp7, Leu8-GnRH in an HPLC system which separates the natural vertebrate GnRHs. The immunological properties of these two immunoreactive peaks, determined by relative interaction with four region-specific GnRH antisera raised against vertebrate GnRHs, were identical to those of Gln8-GnRH and Trp7, Leu8 GnRH. Additional GnRH molecular forms were also detected. In summary, these findings indicate that a major GnRH molecule in hake pituitary gland is Trp7, Leu8-GnRH, while tilapia brain contains both Trp7, Leu8-GnRH and Gln8-GnRH. Additional GnRH molecular forms were detected in both species.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3906594 TI - Calcitonin gene-related peptide: detailed immunohistochemical distribution in the central nervous system. AB - With the use of an antiserum generated in rabbits against synthetic human calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) the distribution of CGRP-like immunoreactive cell bodies and nerve fibers was studied in the rat central nervous system. A detailed stereotaxic atlas of CGRP-like neurons was prepared. CGRP-like immunoreactivity was widely distributed in the rat central nervous system. CGRP positive cell bodies were observed in the preoptic area and hypothalamus (medial preoptic, periventricular, anterior hypothalamic nuclei, perifornical area, medial forebrain bundle), premamillary nucleus, amygdala medialis, hippocampus and dentate gyrus, central gray and the ventromedial nucleus of the thalamus. In the midbrain a large cluster of cells was contained in the peripeduncular area ventral to the medial geniculate body. In the hindbrain cholinergic motor nuclei (III, IV, V, VI, VII XII) contained CGRP immunoreactivity. Cell bodies were also observed in the ventral tegmental nucleus, the parabrachial nuclei, superior olive and nucleus ambiguus. The ventral horn cells of the spinal cord, the trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia also contained CGRP-immunoreactivity. Dense accumulations of fibers were observed in the amydala centralis, caudal portion of the caudate putamen, sensory trigeminal area, substantia gelatinosa, dorsal horn of the spinal cord (laminae I and II). Other areas containing CGRP-immunoreactive fibers are the septal area, nucleus of the stria terminalis, preoptic and hypothalamic nuclei (e.g., medial preoptic, periventricular, dorsomedial, median eminence), medial forebrain bundle, central gray, medial geniculate body, peripeduncular area, interpeduncular nucleus, cochlear nucleus, parabrachial nuclei, superior olive, nucleus tractus solitarii, and in the confines of clusters of cell bodies. Some fibers were also noted in the anterior and posterior pituitary and the sensory ganglia. As with other newly described brain neuropeptides it can only be conjectured that CGRP has a neuroregulatory action on a variety of functions throughout the brain and spinal cord. PMID- 3906596 TI - Endogenous opiates: 1984. AB - This paper is the seventh in an annual series of reviews of research involving the endogenous opiate peptides, each installment being restricted to work published during the previous year. As in the past three years, the review this year is limited to non-analgesic and behavioral studies of the opiate peptides. The specific topics this year include: stress, tolerance and dependence, consummatory responses, gastric and renal activity, alcohol, mental illness, learning and memory, cardiovascular responses, respiratory effects, thermoregulation, seizures and neurological disorders, activity, and miscellaneous other topics. PMID- 3906595 TI - Neuropeptide Y and peptide YY neuronal and endocrine systems. AB - An extensive system of neuropeptide Y (NPY) containing neurons has recently been identified in the central and peripheral nervous system. In addition, NPY and a structurally related peptide, peptide YY (PYY), containing endocrine cells have been identified in the periphery. The NPY system is of particular interest as the peptide coexists with catecholamines in the central and sympathetic nervous system and adrenal medulla. Evidence has been presented which indicates that NPY may play important roles in regulating autonomic function. PMID- 3906597 TI - Lasers in dermatology: a selective historical review. AB - Lasers have been used in dermatology for over 20 years. Multiple lesions including port wine stains, decorative tattoos, malignant tumors, and keloids have been treated with various lasers. Initial therapy exploited the laser property of spatial confinement of an extremely high energy density to create a localized thermal effect. With increased understanding of laser technology, skin optics, and laser-tissue interactions, other laser properties such as monochromaticity and pulsewidth variability have been exploited to even further confine damage to pathologic tissue while maximally sparing surrounding normal tissue. This increased knowledge has led to a vast improvement in the results of dermatologic laser therapy. Despite this, laser therapy still remains a surgical art, with wound healing playing a large part in the final outcome. PMID- 3906598 TI - [Breast reconstruction after mastectomy]. PMID- 3906599 TI - [Evaluation of the treatment of advanced breast cancer with tamoxifen]. PMID- 3906600 TI - [Giant cyst of the common bile duct]. PMID- 3906601 TI - [Biological criteria of the hygienic evaluation of ultraviolet radiation]. PMID- 3906603 TI - [Treatment of the acute phase of myocardial infarction with thrombolytic drugs]. PMID- 3906602 TI - [Pathophysiology of decompression sickness in divers]. PMID- 3906604 TI - [Effect of pindolol (Visken) on plasma and blood volume in men with primary arterial hypertension]. PMID- 3906605 TI - Remodeling of the aortic smooth muscle cell cytoskeleton during developmental and pathological conditions. AB - The remodeling of aortic smooth muscle cell cytoskeleton has been investigated qualitatively and quantitatively during rat aorta development and experimental or human atheromatosis, using immunofluorescent and biochemical techniques. The cytoskeleton of smooth muscle cells in the intimal thickening 15 days after endothelial removal and in human atheromatous plaque is very similar to that of poorly differentiated aortic smooth muscle cells of foetal and newborn rats. Our studies suggest that cytoskeletal changes (a switch in the synthesis of actin isoforms in particular) are reliable markers of proliferative aortic smooth muscle cells, and of atheromatous smooth muscle cells. PMID- 3906606 TI - Biological characterization of human bone tumors. V. Zonal characterization of osteosarcoma: topological biochemical analysis correlated with morphology. AB - Human osteosarcoma specimens were sliced in a cryomicrotome under strict morphological guidance. Serial sections of ten 10 micron slices each were collected in two groups according to morphologic criteria, one containing mostly undifferentiated tumor tissue, the other predominantly well-differentiated tumor tissue. The two series were analysed chemically for alkaline phosphatase (APase) acid phosphatase (acPase), beta-glucuronidase and proteolytic activities; protein, phosphorus, hydroxyproline, hexosamine, water and collagen contents were also determined. Four different types of osteosarcoma were studied: case 1 was a highly malignant osteoblastic osteosarcoma, case 2 a small cell sclerosing osteosarcoma case 3 a well-differentiated osteosarcoma, and case 4 a highly malignant anaplastic osteosarcoma. The types of cases 1, 2 and 3 are known as osteoid-forming tumors. In their less well differentiated areas APase activity was about twice as high as in better differentiated osteosarcoma. In contrast, no APase was found in the wholly undifferentiated areas of case 4, while the enzyme showed a marked increase in the areas of incipient differentiation of this tumor. The matrix of tumors differs with regard to collagen and hexosamine contents, in accordance with the general state of differentiation. In general, increasing hexosamine contents together with decreasing hydroxyproline contents will reflect the anaplastic, dedifferentiated osteosarcoma. Calcification evident in the better differentiated areas of osteosarcoma is indicated by the phosphorus content, highest in case 2, with cases 3, 1, and 4 following in sequential order. PMID- 3906607 TI - What's new in steroid and nonsteroid drug effects on gastroduodenal mucosa? AB - A survey is given on the damaging effect of acetylsalicylic acid, other nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and corticosteroids on the gastroduodenal mucosa. The results of blood loss studies and endoscopic investigations are reviewed. Also, the histologic aspects of such damage are discussed. Modern concepts of the pathophysiology of these lesions stress the cytoprotective role of endogenous prostaglandins. Epidemiologic data strongly support an association between frequent and heavy intake of acetylsalicylic acid and gastric ulcer as well as gastrointestinal bleeding, whereas the association with duodenal ulcers is far less clearly established. Conclusive evidence is currently unavailable proving the superiority of other nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs in this regard. The ulcerogenic potency of corticosteroids at least in the small or medium dose range probably has been overstated in the past. Intensive ulcer therapy making use of H2 receptor antagonists often allows healing of small ulcers with a diameter up to 1 cm despite continued treatment with low dose corticosteroids or nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, whereas continuation of these drugs is associated with very poor healing in ulcers larger than this size. The danger of perforation has to be taken into consideration. PMID- 3906608 TI - Aplasia cutis congenita: a report of 12 new families and review of the literature. AB - Aplasia cutis congenita (ACC) is a heterogeneous group of disorders whose common characteristic is focal absence of skin. In the majority of instances this is limited to the scalp, although other areas of the body may also be involved. Other congenital malformations have been reported to occur with ACC; limb defects appear to be a specific association. Given our experience with ACC, we suggest a classification based on genetically distinct entities. Type I ACC is limited to the scalp. Type II involves body or scalp; IIA involves body or limb defects. Type III is limited to the scalp or limbs. Type IV is associated with epidermolysis bullosa; type IVA is Bart syndrome. Although most reported cases have been sporadic, there are many familial occurrences of all types of ACC. Most published pedigrees are consistent with autosomal dominant inheritance with reduced penetrance, or autosomal recessive inheritance. Careful examination of family members of affected individuals is warranted. PMID- 3906609 TI - Inflammatory linear verrucous epidermal nevus: report of seven new cases and review of the literature. AB - In seven patients with inflammatory linear verrucous epithelial nevus (ILVEN) examined, the condition demonstrated the typical clinical and histologic picture. Based on this experience, we suggest revised criteria for the disease. Dermatologists and pediatricians aware of ILVEN can easily differentiate it from similar lesions and thus be able to suggest effective therapy. PMID- 3906610 TI - Acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis (Sweet's syndrome): case report and review of the literature. AB - An 8-month-old male infant had fever, polymorphonuclear leukocytosis, and tender, firm, elevated erythematous plaques on his face, trunk, and extremities. Histologic examination revealed a dense, perivascular, polymorphonuclear, inflammatory cell infiltrate with nuclear dust in the dermis and intrafollicular abscesses. The rash responded promptly and dramatically to oral corticosteroids. In our opinion, these features represent a distinctive hypersensitivity reaction consistent with acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis (Sweet's syndrome). It seems that Sweet's syndrome has two age peaks: infancy and middle age. In the former, no sex predilection and no underlying malignancy have been recorded. In the latter, females are preponderantly affected and an associated underlying malignancy has been described. PMID- 3906611 TI - Painful piezogenic pedal papules on a child with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. AB - A 5-year-old girl with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome developed painful piezogenic pedal papules. She had suffered from pain in her heels for the previous two years and had undergone extensive orthopedic examinations that revealed no abnormalities. On admission, she had typical signs associated with piezogenic pedal papules (PPP), with pain induced by standing and disappearance of the lesions and the pain on relief of pressure. These papules were due to herniation of subcutaneous fat into the dermis, possibly because of structural defects of the connective tissue. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of painful PPP occurring in childhood. We suggest that the herniation of subcutaneous fat in our patient was most probably due to the connective tissue defect that occurs in the Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. PMID- 3906612 TI - Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) can be considered an extreme and serious form of erythema multiforme. PMID- 3906613 TI - More on pharyngeal infections. PMID- 3906614 TI - Review of general surgery 1984-85. PMID- 3906615 TI - Alpha and beta cell evaluation in patients with thalassaemia intermedia and iron overload. AB - Insulin and glucagon secretion were studied during an oral glucose tolerance test and arginine infusion in 11 patients with thalassaemia intermedia, who showed laboratory evidence of iron overload. Mean blood glucose concentrations in patients with thalassaemia intermedia were significantly higher than normal and 3 of 11 patients had impaired glucose tolerance. The principal abnormality appears to be a deficiency in insulin and glucagon from the pancreas in response to oral glucose tolerance and arginine stimulation tests. Several factors, such as iron overload, chronic hypoxia, zinc deficiency and increased catecholamine production secondary to anaemia, might play a part in the pathogenesis of these abnormalities. Each of these factors affect individual cases to a varied degree. Our data emphasize the mildness of carbohydrate defect as compared to the degree of insulinopenia and indicate the necessity for prescribing measures which prevent excessive iron deposition and improve iron excretion in thalassaemic patients with iron overload. PMID- 3906616 TI - Acute pancreatitis. PMID- 3906617 TI - Swab absorbability--effect on Mycoplasma gallisepticum isolation. AB - A single strain of commercial Leghorn vaccinated with F strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) was used in two trials to determine the effect of swab absorbability on MG isolation. For each of the two trials, 34 birds from each of five 10,000 bird houses were randomly selected and swabbed from the choanal cleft region; 17 birds from each house were swabbed with ethylene-oxide sterilized, 2.4 mm diameter calcium alginate-tipped swabs, while the remaining 17 birds were swabbed with similarly sized and sterilized rayon-tipped swabs. Results of this study indicate swab absorbability does not affect the recovery and subsequent isolation of MG from commercial layers. PMID- 3906618 TI - The Red Cross Rural Nursing Service: an innovative model of public health nursing delivery. PMID- 3906619 TI - Diagnostic radiology without films. PMID- 3906620 TI - Delayed recognition of dermal sinus and spinal dysraphism. PMID- 3906621 TI - Transcervical chorionic villus biopsy with a brush. AB - A brush delivered to the biopsy site by a metal introducer and cannula set was tested as an alternative implement for transcervical collection of chorionic villi. This implement was easy to use and readily identified by ultrasound. With only one attempt at sampling, the overall collection rate for 83 patients was 65 per cent. With practice 84 per cent successful collection was achieved. Gestations between 8 and 11 weeks was the best time for collection of chorionic villi. A single sampling can produce adequate material (15 mg wet weight) suitable for diagnostic purposes. No gestation sac was perforated but some slight bleeding followed the procedure. Appreciable success following a single sampling attempt coupled with the low complication rate suggests that this technique may have clinical application and deserves further investigation. PMID- 3906622 TI - Early prenatal diagnosis of short rib-polydactyly (SRP) syndrome type I (Majewski) by ultrasound in a case at risk. AB - Short rib-polydactyly (SRP) syndrome Type I was diagnosed accurately in an at risk fetus at 16 weeks of gestation by real-time sonography. The most important findings were a narrow thorax, significant shortening of the long bones, particularly the tibiae, and--by directed search--the polydactyly. PMID- 3906623 TI - [Pathomorphology and genetics in early pregnancy]. PMID- 3906624 TI - Placental alkaline phosphatase integrates via its carboxy-terminus into the microvillous membrane: its allotypes differ in conformation. AB - Human placental microvillous alkaline phosphatase (M-PLAP) was extracted from microvilli either by butanol extraction or subtilisin proteolysis. The data indicate that subtilisin cleavage of PLAP removes a membrane-binding domain of approximately 2000 molecular weight, leaving the catalytic site intact and the protein in solution. Sequencing studies on the N-terminal 13 amino acids of both the subtilisin-cleaved and uncleaved forms of M-PLAP indicate that the enzyme is anchored to the plasma membranes by its carboxy-terminus. The N-terminal 13 amino acids of A-PLAP were the same as those of M-PLAP. Trypsin solubilization failed to release M-PLAP from these membranes and it appears to cleave a portion of molecular weight of about 9K from the amino terminus, leaving an enzymatically active portion of PLAP associated with the membrane. On SDS gels, subtilisin cleaved M-PLAP showed an apparent dimeric molecular size larger than that of the original uncleaved enzyme, presumably due to the generation of a less compact conformational state. On starch gels, cleaved M-PLAP showed a single zone of enzyme activity with a mobility sightly greater than that of A-PLAP, which did not require the presence of Triton X-100 to enter the gel. Variations in the apparent molecular sizes of the different allelic forms of PLAP were also observed. PMID- 3906625 TI - The immunohistochemical localization of pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein in postimplantation rat trophoblast. AB - Pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein (SP1) was identified by peroxidase antiperoxidase (PAP) immunohistochemistry in the placenta of inbred strains of rat between 10 and 21 days of gestation. SP1 was located predominantly in basal zone trophoblast and in intravascular trophoblast of decidual vessels, but it was absent from labyrinthine trophoblast. No perivascular cells were identified by SP1 staining, but occasional clusters of interstitial trophoblast stained for SP1. The results suggest that basal and labyrinthine trophoblast are functionally different. PMID- 3906626 TI - Digoxin inhibition of relaxation induced by prostacyclin and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in small human placental arteries. AB - Small chorionic plate arteries were obtained from human placentae following normal vaginal delivery. Tubal vascular preparations were dissected, mounted in organ baths, and their isometric tension was recorded. Digoxin (10(-6) M) caused a rise in basic tension, reaching a maximum of 17 per cent of contractions induced by potassium (124 mM) depolarization. Pretreatment with digoxin did not significantly influence the concentration-dependent contractile responses to 5 hydroxytryptamine and prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha). In preparations contracted with PGF2 alpha, cumulative addition of prostacyclin (PGI2) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) produced concentration dependent relaxations. Digoxin (10(-8) to 10(-6) M) inhibited and finally abolished these relaxant effects of PGI2 and VIP in a concentration-dependent fashion. Pretreatment by digoxin (10(-8) to 10(-6) M) diminished the relaxant effect of sodium nitroprusside, but the effect was less pronounced than that on PGI2- and VIP-induced relaxation. As PGI2 and VIP may be of importance for the maintenance of a low resistance of the fetal placental vascular bed, the finding that digoxin decreases the vasodilating effects of these agents might imply effects on placental resistance of cardiac glycosides when used in late human pregnancy. PMID- 3906628 TI - Psychosocial factors and blood pressure. AB - The evidence linking psychosocial factors to sustained blood pressure elevation is highly suggestive and comes from a variety of sources. Hypertensives show increased responsiveness to emotional and mental stimuli. The hemodynamic characteristics of unstimulated hypertensives are similar to those of normotensives under emotional stress. It is likely that the sympathoadrenomedullary system partly mediates these responses, but the evidence in humans is mixed. Stranger evidence comes from studies of mice showing that symbolic stimuli in the form of disordered social relations lead to hypertension and increased heart size. In humans, the evidence linking psychological traits to hypertension is inconsistent. The prevalence of hypertension varies by social class and ethnic group and increases with acculturation from rural, traditional to modernized societies. One possible explanation for this is the attendant psychosocial changes. A variety of stress-management techniques have been shown to lower blood pressure, adding weight to a stress hypothesis. PMID- 3906627 TI - Pathophysiological interrelations of obesity, impaired glucose tolerance, and arterial hypertension. AB - There is a large amount of epidemiological and clinical evidence for associations among obesity, impaired glucose tolerance, and arterial hypertension; nevertheless, the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these associations have not yet been elucidated. In this article, some working hypotheses are discussed, and original data are presented from two studies focusing on these pathophysiological interrelations. A case-control study of obese normotensive and hypertensive patients, matched for sex, age, and degree of overweight, has shown that obese patients with associated arterial hypertension have higher fasting serum insulin levels and reduced glucose tolerance compared with their normotensive peers. A second study compared subjects with impaired glucose tolerance with a control group of clinically healthy individuals of comparable sex, age, and body mass index, and it revealed that impaired glucose tolerance is associated with significantly higher blood pressure levels, independent of body weight. The results of the two studies together suggest that the association between hypertension and impaired glucose tolerance is independent of overweight; they also give some support to the hypothesis that hyperinsulinemia may contribute to the development of high blood pressure in obese patients. PMID- 3906629 TI - Drug treatment trials in hypertension: a review. AB - Thirteen controlled clinical trials (11 randomized) reporting morbidity and mortality results during 1960-1982 are summarized. Given the diverse design features, results are presented both for individual trials and for several combinations of similar studies, to provide more stable estimates of effects. Two of three trials in severe hypertension, while lacking enough events to evaluate effect on mortality, found significant reductions in "hypertensive" events, with the overall estimate being an 80% reduction. Similarly, combining six trials in less severe hypertension with untreated controls showed a 54% reduction in such events. The favorable trend in all-causes mortality from these trial results, whether viewed separately or in combination, was not significant. However, the findings from a large randomized trial with community controls, the Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program, indicated significant reduction of all-causes mortality, the magnitude of which was consistent with the other trials. Outcomes of hypertensive participants in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial raised questions about mortality benefits in certain subgroups. These and other issues about patient benefit are further addressed with trial data and reference to the 1984 Report of the Joint National Committee on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. We note also 1) that evidence for reduction of coronary heart disease death or nonfatal myocardial infarction with antihypertensive drug treatment is weak, perhaps due to inadequate power to detect such a difference, and that data are limited regarding effects on quality of life. Nevertheless, the overall trial results provide strong support for drug treatment of severe hypertension, and for most individuals with less severe hypertension, when nonpharmacologic treatment will not suffice. PMID- 3906630 TI - [Aspartase activity and the stability of Escherichia coli cells immobilized in different carrageenan samples]. AB - The cells of Escherichia coli 85 immobilized in carrageenan from various sources were being studied for the aspartase activity and stability. These properties of the resultant preparations which display a relatively high and stable biocatalytic activity were shown to be almost independent of the raw material from which carrageenan was obtained and of the degree of its purification. PMID- 3906631 TI - [Method of culturing microorganisms at constant concentrations of the nutrient components]. AB - A method for batch cultivation of microorganisms in a flow medium is described, characterized by slight changes in concentrations of medium components in time and by the absence of products of vital activity of microorganisms in the fermentation medium. The conditions are achieved due to application of a fermentation installation with a microfiltrative membrane that separates the cells of cultivated microorganisms from the culture fluid and due to increasing the flow rate to a value at which the inlet and outlet concentrations of the medium components are almost equal. The cells of cultivated microorganisms under such conditions remain in the fermentation medium volume. The system was called "Ekostat". If the process is performed in "Ekostat" system, a positive deviation from the logarithmic law is observed for the growth rate of the yeast Candida utilis VSB-651 on ethanol cultivation. PMID- 3906632 TI - [DNA damage and repair in the steps for obtaining biopreparations]. AB - The change in the number of single-strand breaks in the genome of E. coli cells was being studied during centrifugation and drying of biomass used as raw material for producing biopreparations. The results obtained allowed the authors: (1) to establish the value of DNA damage at the two stages mentioned above and to reveal that structural integrity of the genome is mostly damaged if the humidity of dried biomass is below 15%; (2) to demonstrate that the repair of bacterial genome damages occurs after centrifugation and superficial dehydration, but it is not observed after deep dehydration. PMID- 3906633 TI - [Determination of adenine nucleotides by thin-layer chromatography combined with the dansylation reaction]. AB - A new method was developed for the qualitative and quantitative determining of adenine nucleotides, based on thin-layer chromatography and dansilation. Chromatography mixtures 1,4-dioxan-water-ammonia (40:20:8) or 1,4-dioxan-water propanol 2-ammonia (40:20:10:8) were used for separation of dansilated derivatives of ATP. ADP, AMP. The intensity of luminescence and the areas of spots served as measures of nucleotide quantities and were estimated using a microdensitometer. The method was applied to estimate the adenine nucleotide pool in E. coli K-12 cells. PMID- 3906634 TI - [Interrelations between monoamines and luliberin in the synaptosomes of the medio basal hypothalamus and its separate structures]. AB - A study was made of the mechanism of interrelationship of neuromediators (biogenic amines) and LH-RH at the level of separate hypothalamic regions involved in the regulation of gonadotropic function of the hypophysis as well as at the synaptosomal level of the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH). The steroid dependent nature of LH-RH response in the investigated structures to monoamine administration has been shown. Noradrenaline and dopamine lowered the LH-RH level in intact animals in the area of arcuate nuclei and MBH synaptosomes, the LH level in the blood increased under the influence of noradrenaline only. Castration caused an increase in the LH-RH content in the arcuate area and its decrease in MBH synaptosomes; under such experimental conditions the LH level in the blood did not change. Serotonin in intact animals lowered the LH-RH level in the area of arcuate nuclei and MBH synaptosomes whereas in castrated animals the LH-RH level in the area of arcuate nuclei increased and decreased in synaptosomes. PMID- 3906635 TI - [Mechanisms of hormonal regulation of blood glucose in thyrotoxicosis]. AB - Rabbits with thyrotoxicosis develop at the early stages of this pathology hyperglycemia, and, as the disease persisted and grew more severe, hypoglycemia. The insulin level in the peripheral blood decreases progressively in the time course of thyrotoxicosis; insulin response to glucose, a specific stimulus, also weakens. The idea of glucose utilization by muscles regardless of the insulin effect is postulated basing on analysis of the authors' and literature data. Its main physiological function in the body is supposed to be the inhibition of glucose production by the liver and free fatty acids by the adipose tissue. PMID- 3906636 TI - [Approaches to the study of the role of genetic factors in the development of endocrine pathology]. AB - The paper is concerned with some methodological means for a study of the regularities of converting genetic information into the phenotype. The segregation analysis, geneticoepidemiological analysis and a study of associations of genetic markers with diseases have demonstrated an opportunity for unraveling the role of hereditary factors in the etiology of endocrine pathology and determining the importance of these factors in the pathogenesis of diseases. PMID- 3906637 TI - [Pathogenesis of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus]. AB - Insulin-dependent and independent types of diabetes mellitus differ not only in clinical traits but also in some other peculiarities: a different degree of disorder of insulin secretion, relationship with the HLA system, the presence of antibodies to pancreatic islets. The latter antibodies are typical of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus whereas in insulin-independent diabetes mellitus they are absent. Autoimmune mechanisms of the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus are confirmed by the presence of different antibodies to pancreatic islets, including cytoplasmic, cell-bound, cytotoxic and immunoprecipitating antibodies. The above autoantibodies were characterized, and a hypothetical mechanism of the development of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus was proposed. PMID- 3906638 TI - [Problems of compensation of the insulin-dependent form of diabetes mellitus]. AB - The decompensation of the insulin-dependent type of diabetes mellitus under domestic conditions results from a low level of education of patients and their family members with regard to therapy of this disease, a formalistic attitude to doctor's recommendations and the absence of a regular control over a course of disease. Some patients and often physicians believe that the most effective measure for improving carbohydrate metabolism is to raise a dose of insulin which leads to the development of a syndrome of chronic overdosage and a more severe course of diabetes mellitus. The instruction of such patients with respect to the main therapeutic principles of this disease and their active participation in therapeutic measures and control over a course of disease will make it possible to raise the level of compensation in diabetes mellitus patients. PMID- 3906639 TI - [Main principles of the treatment of surgical patients with concomitant diabetes mellitus]. AB - A total of 955 surgical patients with concomitant diabetes mellitus were treated at the Stomatological Medical Institute Surgery Faculty Hospital. Therapeutic experience made physicians arrive at a conclusion on the necessity of active detection of carbohydrate metabolic derangements in high risk patients, as well as reasons for the decompensation of diabetes mellitus in surgical patients. Decompensation was caused by the activation of the hypothalamohypophyseal-adrenal system in stress and a considerable increase in contrainsular factors in the blood with a decrease in adaptive function of the pancreas. A high proteolytic activity of the blood in decompensated diabetes mellitus resulted in insulin inactivation. Means for the correction of the above disorders were proposed. PMID- 3906640 TI - [Hormonal imprinting of sexual dimorphism of the brain: hypotheses and facts]. PMID- 3906641 TI - Research: the literature review process. PMID- 3906642 TI - [Effect of antitubercular preparations on pancreatic proteinases and the proteolytic activity of the intestines]. PMID- 3906643 TI - [Restoration of the tuberculosis control institutions of the Ukraine 1943-1945]. PMID- 3906644 TI - [Activity and specificity of tuberculins derived from BCG culture filtrates]. PMID- 3906645 TI - Linkage analysis for psychiatric disorders. I. Basic concepts. AB - Within the last decade linkage analysis has become one of the most useful tools in the human genetics arsenal and is beginning to make substantial contributions in all areas of medicine. Its increasing popularity is a direct result of the burgeoning number of polymorphic markers that are now mapped to specific chromosomal locations. Within the near future the entire human genome is likely to be saturated. This paper is intended as an introduction to linkage analysis for non-geneticists. Basic methodological approaches, along with their strengths, weaknesses and assumptions are reviewed. A subsequent paper will critically review methodological difficulties in the application of linkage analysis to the psychiatric disorders. PMID- 3906646 TI - Old familiar faces: some aspects of the asylum era in Britain. Part 1. AB - Conditions which had an historical association with Asylums in the years 1850 1950, but which are no longer commonly seen in psychiatric practice, are reviewed. These include: Asylum pellagra, Erysipelas, Insane Ear and Fractured Ribs. The history of each condition and its manifestation is reviewed in the context of its relationship with mental illness and its treatment as seen by authorities writing when these conditions were prevalent. It is not clear why these conditions became common, why they had a particular association with Asylums, or why they have largely disappeared. PMID- 3906647 TI - Mapping of functional domains in adenovirus E1A proteins. AB - We have modified the E1A gene of human subgroup C adenovirus by introducing deletions in its coding sequence. Various truncated E1A proteins were expressed in Escherichia coli, purified, and microinjected via glass capillaries into Vero cells. We monitored their movement from the cell cytoplasm to the nucleus and their ability to induce expression of H5dl312, an adenovirus E1A deletion mutant. Our results show that the carboxyl terminus of E1A contains sequences essential for rapid and efficient nuclear localization. Essential information for efficient H5dl312 complementation is contained in an internal region, comprising sequences of both exons of the E1A gene. A first exon-encoded region, however, is sufficient to induce low levels of adenovirus gene expression. Information for nuclear localization and for H5dl312 complementation are therefore encoded by distinct domains of the E1A gene. In addition, we determined that the human c-myc product was unable to complement H5dl312. PMID- 3906648 TI - Purification of neutral lens endopeptidase: close similarity to a neutral proteinase in pituitary. AB - A neutral endopeptidase (EC 3.4.24.5) that degrades alpha- and beta-crystallins occurs in mammalian lens. A procedure for purification of this enzyme from bovine lens is described. The enzyme appears to have a high molecular weight (Mr approximately equal to 700,000) and under denaturing conditions dissociates into at least eight polypeptide subunits with Mrs ranging from 24,000 to 32,000. A neutral proteinase in bovine pituitary has been reported previously to have similar structural characteristics. We have found that this enzyme purified from bovine pituitary is indistinguishable in molecular weight and in subunit composition from bovine lens endopeptidase. In addition, antiserum raised in rabbit against the purified lens enzyme crossreacts with bovine pituitary enzyme. When examined side by side in Ouchterlony double-diffusion tests, the two enzymes give a continuous precipitin line with no spurring. It is concluded that lens neutral endopeptidase and pituitary neutral proteinase are structurally closely similar, if not identical. This is a surprising result because it had been thought previously that the lens endopeptidase was unique to lens, where its crystallin substrates comprise a large proportion of the total tissue protein. In other tissues, crystallin is either absent or occurs, at most, in trace amounts. PMID- 3906649 TI - Transient fluorescence in synchronously dividing Escherichia coli. AB - Using a spectrometer equipped with an optical multichannel analyzer as the detector, we observed the Stokes laser-Raman spectra of metabolically synchronous Escherichia coli from 100 to 2100 cm-1. After more than 400 separate recordings, at cell concentrations of 10(7)-10(8) per ml, no Raman lines attributable to the metabolic process nor to the cells themselves were found. However, we did find that synchronous E. coli cultures become more fluorescent during a limited phase of the division cycle. This transient increase in fluorescence may be ascribed to a variation in the redox state of a chemical species within the bacteria or to a variation of the intracellular optical field. The effect is reproducible in synchronous cultures and it is not seen in asynchronous ones. The results suggest that spectral features seen in previous laser-Raman spectra of synchronous bacteria (taken with scanning monochromators) are due to a time-dependent variation in bacterial fluorescence. PMID- 3906650 TI - Mammalian nitrate biosynthesis: mouse macrophages produce nitrite and nitrate in response to Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide. AB - Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitrate biosynthesis was studied in LPS-sensitive C3H/He and LPS-resistant C3H/HeJ mice. Intraperitoneal injection of 15 micrograms of LPS led to a temporary 5- to 6-fold increase in blood nitrate concentration in the C3H/He strain. Levels of nitrate excreted in the urine were also increased. In contrast, no increase was observed in the C3H/HeJ strain with LPS injections up to 175 micrograms. Furthermore, thioglycolate-elicited peritoneal macrophages from C3H/He, but not from C3H/HeJ mice, produced nitrite (60%) and nitrate (40%) when cultured with LPS (10 micrograms/ml). T-lymphocyte addition/depletion experiments showed the presence of T cells enhanced this response. However, LPS did not cause nitrite or nitrate production in cultures of spleen lymphocytes from either strain. LPS-induced nitrate synthesis was also observed with nude mice and CBA/N mice, indicating that neither functional T lymphocytes nor LPS-responsive B lymphocytes were required for the response in vivo. This was consistent with the in vitro results showing macrophages alone were competent. Mycobacterium bovis infection of C3H/He and C3H/HeJ mice resulted in a large increase in nitrate production over the course of the infection for both strains, suggesting T-lymphocyte-mediated activation of macrophages as a potent stimulus for nitrate biosynthesis. The synthesis of nitrite is significant in that it can directly participate in the endogenous formation of nitrosamines and may also be involved in some aspect of the chemistry of cytotoxicity. PMID- 3906651 TI - Prevention of type I diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice by allogenic bone marrow transplantation. AB - An animal model [the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse] for type I diabetes features a striking infiltration of T cells into the pancreatic islets. This infiltration selectively destroys beta cells. Most of the T cells are Lyt-1+, but some are Lyt 2+,3+. Transfer experiments using parabiosis revealed that insulitis can be transferred within 2 weeks after parabiosis to immunoincompetent thymectomized mice. When NOD mice (6 mo old) were irradiated and reconstituted with bone marrow cells from young BALB/c nu/nu mice (less than 2 mo old), the NOD mice exhibited neither insulitis nor overt diabetes. Deposits of immunoglobulin in mesangial areas of the glomeruli disappeared within 3 mo after bone marrow transplantation in such irradiated allogeneic bone marrow reconstituted mice. Assays for immunological functions, including mitogen response and mixed lymphocyte reaction, revealed that both T- and B-cell functions were increased in NOD mice with overt diabetes. NOD mice reconstituted with BALB/c nu/nu bone marrow cells displayed normal T- and B-cell functions. The newly developed T cells in the allogeneic bone marrow recipients are tolerant to cells with both donor- and host type major histocompatibility complex determinants. These results suggest that bone marrow transplantation may ultimately be developed as a component of a strategy to be employed for treatment of type I diabetes in humans. PMID- 3906652 TI - Cloning of firefly luciferase cDNA and the expression of active luciferase in Escherichia coli. AB - A cDNA library was constructed from firefly (Photinus pyralis) lantern poly(A)+ RNA, using the Escherichia coli expression vector lambda gt11. The library was screened with anti-P. pyralis luciferase (Photinus luciferin:oxygen 4 oxidoreductase, EC 1.13.12.7) antibody, and several cDNA clones expressing luciferase antigens were isolated. One clone, lambda Luc1, contained 1.5 kilobase pairs of cDNA that hybridized to a 1.9- to 2.0-kilobase band on a nitrocellulose blot of electrophoretically fractionated lantern RNA. Hybridization of the cloned cDNA to lantern poly(A)+ RNA selected an RNA that directed the in vitro synthesis of a single polypeptide. This polypeptide comigrated with luciferase on NaDodSO4/PAGE and produced bioluminescence upon the addition of luciferin and ATP. A 1.8-kilobase-pair cDNA was isolated by probing the firefly cDNA library with the cDNA from lambda Luc1. This cDNA contained sufficient coding information to direct the synthesis of active firefly luciferase in E. coli. PMID- 3906653 TI - Anti-peptide antibodies detect oncogene-related proteins in urine. AB - Antisera to a number of synthetic peptides predicted from nucleic acid sequences of oncogenes have been used to screen 483 urine samples of cancer patients, pregnant women, and normal controls for the presence of immunologically related proteins. Increased levels of oncogene-related proteins are found during neoplasia and pregnancy. The differential detection of these oncogene-related proteins indicates that panels of monoclonal antibodies may provide a convenient noninvasive means of detecting, classifying, and staging a wide variety of malignancies and may be useful in following fetal development during pregnancy. PMID- 3906654 TI - Identification of calmodulin-dependent protein kinase III and its major Mr 100,000 substrate in mammalian tissues. AB - A major substrate, Mr 100,00 (100 kDa), for a Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinase found in many mammalian tissues has been purified from rat pancreas. The purified substrate was used to identify and partially purify a CaM dependent protein kinase (CaM kinase III) from rat pancreas. The physical properties and substrate specificity of CaM kinase III were distinct from those of all known CaM-dependent protein kinases. Only CaM kinase III was able to phosphorylate the 100-kDa protein; synapsin I, phosphorylase b, myosin light chain, and histone were poor substrates for this enzyme. Polyclonal antibodies, raised against the purified 100-kDa protein, recognized the protein in a variety of mammalian tissues and cell lines. Immunoassay revealed that the 100-kDa protein made up 0.3-1.7% of the total cytosolic protein in these samples. Analysis of CaM kinase III revealed that the enzyme had a similar widespread tissue distribution. These results demonstrate the existence of a fifth CaM dependent protein phosphorylation system present in high levels in animal cells. PMID- 3906655 TI - Expression of a functional human insulin receptor from a cloned cDNA in Chinese hamster ovary cells. AB - We have placed human insulin receptor cDNA into a vector under the control of the simian virus 40 (SV40) early promoter and tested its function by transient expression in microinjected Xenopus oocytes and by expression in stably transformed CHO cells. The precursor and the alpha and beta subunits of the receptor were detected by immunoprecipitation from extracts of these cells. The human insulin receptor expressed in CHO cells specifically binds 125I-labeled insulin but not insulin-like growth factor I, displays insulin-stimulated autophosphorylation of the beta subunit, and mediates insulin-stimulated 2 deoxyglucose uptake. We conclude that the human insulin receptor is synthesized, processed normally, and functional in this heterologous cell system. PMID- 3906656 TI - Mechanism of action of the group A streptococcal C5a inactivator. AB - Virulent group A streptococci have been found to express a cell-surface factor that has the capability of inactivating complement-derived chemotactic factors. To determine the mechanism of action of this factor, we examined the interaction of purified inactivator with pure C5a chemotaxin. Ligand-receptor binding studies demonstrated that streptococcal chemotactic factor inactivator (SCFI)-treated C5a expressed a greatly reduced ability to bind to receptors of polymorphonuclear leukocytes as compared with native C5a. The inactivation of C5a occurred by a nonstoichiometric and temperature-dependent process. NaDodSO4/PAGE analysis indicated that SCFI mediated a small decrease in the molecular weight of C5adesArg, and sequencing of the carboxyl terminus of inactivated C5a demonstrated that a six-residue peptide was lost. The release of discrete peptide fragments from denatured bovine serum albumin upon prolonged incubation with SCFI was indicative of endoprotease activity. Although denatured bovine serum albumin was inefficiently cleaved, native bovine serum albumin and other native proteins were highly resistant to SCFI proteolysis; this indicated that activity was specific in nature. PMID- 3906657 TI - Isolation of cDNA clones encoding a T-cell receptor beta-chain from a beef insulin-specific hybridoma. AB - cDNA clones coding for a T-cell receptor beta-chain were isolated from a beef insulin/IAd-reactive T-cell hybridoma, A20.2.15, and its complete amino acid sequence was deduced. This beta-chain gene utilizes the same V beta segment as a thymocyte beta-chain gene (86T1) and rearranges to the 5' proximal J-C locus (J beta 1-C beta 1), thus providing definitive evidence of a beta-chain gene from a functional hybridoma that utilizes C beta 1. The amino acid sequence of the V beta gene in A20.2.15 is identical to 86T1, thus suggesting the absence of somatic mutation in the beta-chain of A20.2.15. Southern blot analysis revealed a somatic DNA rearrangement unique to the A20.2.15 hybridoma. The expression of this gene in the hybridoma was confirmed by RNA dot hybridization. All 24 beta chain clones so far isolated from the A20.2.15 hybridoma contained C beta 1, suggesting that the beta-chain gene of the fusion partner BW5147 is not expressed in the hybridoma. PMID- 3906658 TI - Mutations that impair a posttranscriptional step in expression of HLA-A and -B antigens. AB - Mutations can interfere with posttranscriptional expression of the HLA-A and -B genes. B-lymphoblastoid cells that contain one copy of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) were subjected to mutagenesis and immunoselection for MHC antigen-loss mutants. Some mutations partially reduced surface expression of HLA-A and eliminated HLA-B expression concurrently, although the HLA-A and -B genes were present and transcribed. Antigen expression was fully restored in hybrids of these mutants with other B-lymphoblastoid cells. Therefore, normal cell surface expression of the HLA-A and -B antigens on B lymphoblasts requires (i) execution of at least one trans-active step in the production of the antigens after transcription of the HLA-A and -B genes or (ii) association of the class I antigens with other molecules. DNA analysis of one mutant suggests the possibility that a locus required for the normal expression of the HLA-A and -B antigens is located between the MHC complement genes and the HLA-DP alpha II locus. PMID- 3906659 TI - Characterization of pituitary calcium-activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase: redistribution by gonadotropin-releasing hormone. AB - We report the presence in the rat pituitary of a calcium-activated, phospholipid dependent protein kinase (C kinase), originally described by Takai et al. [Takai, Y., Kishimoto, A., Iwasa, Y., Kawahara, Y., Mori, T. & Nishizuka, Y. (1979) J. Biol. Chem. 254, 3692-3695]. Enzyme activity is absolutely dependent on the simultaneous presence of Ca2+ and phospholipid--in particular, phosphatidylserine. The presence of small amounts of unsaturated diacylglycerol greatly increases the apparent affinity of the enzyme for Ca2+ and phosphatidylserine. Pituitary C kinase is mostly soluble (70%) and partly particulate (30%). Although the soluble form of the enzyme can be detected in a crude cytosol preparation, the particulate form is detectable only after solubilization and anion-exchange chromatography. Administration of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (Gn-RH) agonist analog, [D-Ser(But)6]des-Gly10-Gn RH-N-ethylamide, to ovariectomized rats resulted in elevated serum luteinizing hormone levels (245%) accompanied by a decrease in the cytosolic form of the enzyme (60%) and an increase in the particulate form (300%) after 5 min. This apparent activation of the particulate form seems to result from translocation of a soluble C kinase to the membrane. Several endogenous substrate proteins for C kinase ranging from 16 to 100 kDa were identified in pituitary cytosol. Pituitary C kinase might be involved in signal-transduction mechanisms in Gn-RH action, in particular, and in other hypophysiotropic hormones, in general, which operate by means of stimulation of phosphoinositide turnover during which diacylglycerol is liberated. PMID- 3906660 TI - The subsynaptic 43-kDa protein is concentrated at developing nerve-muscle synapses in vitro. AB - A 43-kDa peripheral membrane protein is known to copurify with acetylcholine receptor (AcChoR)-rich membranes isolated from the electric organ of Torpedo californica. Immunoelectron microscopy and crosslinking studies have demonstrated that this 43-kDa protein is closely associated with the cytoplasmic domain(s) of the AcChoR and suggest that the 43-kDa protein could regulate the distribution of the AcChoR in the postsynaptic membrane. This paper demonstrates that this postsynaptic protein appears at developing neuromuscular synapses in Xenopus nerve/muscle cocultures as early as AcChoRs become clustered at synaptic sites. Moreover, this protein is concentrated at AcChoR clusters that occur on noninnervated muscle cells. The close spatial and temporal relationship of this subsynaptic protein and AcChoR clusters is consistent with a role for the 43-kDa protein in the formation and/or stabilization of AcChoR clusters. PMID- 3906661 TI - Diet and arterial disease--the myths and the realities. PMID- 3906662 TI - Short term hypercholesterolemia and the baboon cerebral circulation. PMID- 3906663 TI - The genetic epidemiology of diabetes mellitus. PMID- 3906665 TI - An anthropological perspective on the epidemiology of hemoglobin defects and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiencies in the northern half of the African continent. PMID- 3906664 TI - Nutrition and biological fitness. PMID- 3906666 TI - Strategies for elucidating the phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity of a chronic disease with a complex etiology. AB - Genetic heterogeneity is a consequence of the complexity of the biology of disease. Revealing genetic heterogeneity exposes the complexity of the genotype environment interactions that are expressed by the intervening phenotypes that link genotype with the disease endpoint. Because we have not identified the genes involved in most common diseases, studies of genetic heterogeneity have primarily focused on a statistical analysis of either the discrete endpoint or the quantitative intervening phenotypes. Rapid progress in the development of sophisticated measures of the genotype and the intervening phenotypes will enhance our ability to characterize the etiology of the chronic disease. Both statistical and molecular methods will be required to understand the impact of each of the many genes that are expected to contribute to the chronic disease burden in the population at large. PMID- 3906667 TI - Leukotrienes and shock. PMID- 3906668 TI - Vascular actions of leukotrienes. PMID- 3906669 TI - Exercise decreases the platelet sensitivity to prostacyclin in patients with angina pectoris. AB - Earlier reports have indicated, that the platelet sensitivity to prostacyclin (PGI2) is decreased in patients with coronary heart disease and that the onset of a spontaneous anginal attack is associated with a further decrease in platelet sensitivity to PGI2. We studied platelet function before and after bicycle exercise testing in 23 patients with angina pectoris and in 11 healthy males. We could not demonstrate any difference in platelet sensitivity to PGI2 between patients with angina pectoris and the controls neither before or after exercise testing. The platelet sensitivity to PGI2 decreased significantly after exercise, both in patients and in controls, but the decrease was not related to the development of myocardial ischemia. Our results could be interpreted in terms of different pathophysiological roles of platelets in spontaneous and in exercise induced myocardial ischemia. PMID- 3906670 TI - Inhibition by aspirin of human arterial and venous prostacyclin synthesis. AB - Prostacyclin (PGI2) synthesis by human mesenteric arteries and veins was measured ex vivo in 62 patients who received either no medication or a single oral dose of aspirin 40 mg, 75 mg or 300 mg approximately 24 hrs pre-operatively. Each dose of aspirin caused a significant reduction in both arterial and venous PGI2 synthesis compared with the untreated group. Arterial PGI2 synthesis did not differ significantly from venous PGI2 synthesis whether assessed by sample weight or sample area. PMID- 3906671 TI - Effect of captopril on plasma prostacyclin concentration in essential hypertensive patients. AB - To determine the influence of captopril on prostaglandins, the levels of plasma 6 keto-PGF1 alpha and thromboxane B2, the stable products of prostacyclin and thromboxane A2, respectively, were measured in 9 essential hypertensive subjects by radioimmunoassay before, 1 hour after a single oral 25 mg dose of captopril, and 2 weeks after administration of oral 25 mg captopril twice daily. A significant increase in plasma 6-keto-PGF1 alpha levels occurred after 2 weeks (p less than 0.05), but after 1 hour the increment was not significant. Plasma thromboxane B2 remained unchanged. Mean blood pressure fell significantly (p less than 0.02 after 1 hour, p less than 0.005 after 2 weeks) and plasma renin activity increased significantly after both periods (p less than 0.01 after 1 hour, p less than 0.02 after 2 weeks). There was no significant correlation between changes in blood pressure and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha for either time period. These results suggest that the elevation of plasma 6-keto-PGF1 alpha by captopril therapy was not responsible for reducing blood pressure, while enhanced plasma prostacyclin as a chronic response may contribute to prevention of thrombotic disorders and organ damage. PMID- 3906672 TI - Decreased plasma prostacyclin-regenerating activities in diabetics. AB - We assessed prostacyclin-regenerating activities (PGI2-RA) in 27 each of diabetic patients and of normal subjects by incubating plasma with "exhausted" rat aortic tissues, and compared these activities with platelet aggregability, vascular complications and the levels of fasting blood sugar (FBS) as an indicator of diabetic control. Patients' plasma showed a significantly decreased PGI2-RA when compared with normal (p less than 0.001). The activities in the patients with enhanced ADP-induced platelet aggregation in plasma or in whole blood were significantly decreased as compared with those with normal platelet functions (p less than 0.01). The patients with diabetic retinopathy showed significantly decreased PGI2-RA compared with those without this complication (p less than 0.02). A significant negative correlation was found between PGI2-RA and FBS levels before or during treatment. This abnormality found in patients' plasma appeared to be reversible and related to the degree of diabetic control. These results suggest that the decreased PGI2-RA could play a pathogenetic role together with platelet hyperaggregability in the development of microvascular and thrombotic complications in some diabetic patients. PMID- 3906673 TI - Baclofen versus diazepam for the treatment of spasticity and long-term follow-up of baclofen therapy. AB - Baclofen (25 to 60 mg per day) and diazepam (10 to 40 mg per day) were evaluated for spasticity reduction in a double-blind, crossover study in 13 patients over a period of 19 weeks. Both drugs produced overall improvement and there was no significant difference in preference for one or other treatment. Side-effects, especially excessive daytime sedation, were more common in the diazepam group. In a companion baclofen long-term study, 18 spastic patients were treated with baclofen for an average of 4 years. Baclofen discontinuation in this group resulted in a worsening of spastic signs and symptoms in 16 patients, with no evidence of drug tolerance even after many years of baclofen therapy. PMID- 3906674 TI - The effects of piretanide, a potassium stable diuretic, on serum electrolytes in patients with congestive heart failure. AB - In a randomized double-blind, parallel group study, the effects of piretanide on serum electrolytes and on symptoms of congestive heart failure were compared with those of the combination piretanide plus triamterene in out-patients with mild to severe congestive heart failure. A total of 60 patients entered the study; 13 patients were excluded from the statistical analysis (4 due to premature end of the study, 2 due to dose increase, 7 due to concomitant medication (antihypertensive or antihypotensive agents), so that the results of 47 patients were statistically analyzed, 26 of them in the piretanide and 21 of them in the piretanide plus triamterene group. Piretanide (6 mg once daily) and piretanide plus triamterene (6 mg + 50 mg once daily) both produced a significant reduction in certain symptoms of congestive heart failure which was evident at 2 weeks and was maintained and further enhanced over the ensuing 12-week trial period. Improvement in a number of symptoms of congestive heart failure was attained in 54% of the patients in the piretanide group and 67% in the piretanide plus triamterene group. This difference, however, was not clinically relevant, since the symptoms which are expected to improve in this short time showed no great difference between the two groups. There were no significant changes in serum potassium and serum magnesium within groups or differences between the groups. There were decreases in serum sodium, calcium and inorganic phosphorus in the piretanide plus triamterene group. In the piretanide group, only a temporary drop in inorganic phosphorus was observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3906675 TI - An open trial of clotrimazole plus hydrocortisone cream in the treatment of napkin dermatitis in general practice. AB - An open, non-comparative, multi-centre study was carried out in general practice to assess the effectiveness, acceptability and tolerability of a 1% clotrimazole plus 1% hydrocortisone cream in the treatment of 112 infants with napkin dermatitis. The cream was applied twice daily to the affected area for 7 days and treatment was extended to 14 days for those who failed to respond adequately. Assessments made of the severity of symptoms showed that there was significant improvement in erythema, irritation and pustulation in all but a few patients and an overall impression of clinical response made at the last patient visit indicated that 92% of the patients were considered to have been cured or markedly improved. Acceptability and tolerability were good. In 2 cases, parents reported adverse reactions of discomfort during application of the cream and in 1 of these cases treatment was withdrawn after 4 days. PMID- 3906676 TI - Single-dose cefotetan for urinary tract infection. AB - Seven female patients with lower urinary tract infection were treated with a single 2 g intramuscular dose of cefotetan. Six patients were clinically cured when seen 1 week after treatment and 5 patients remained well at 4 weeks after treatment. One patient developed loose stools and a vulval rash, 1 patient developed soreness and induration at the site of injection. There were no other side-effects. PMID- 3906677 TI - [Fluorescence methods--their application to the quantitative analysis of organic substances. 2]. PMID- 3906678 TI - Synthesis of quinoline-Mannich bases of possible antimalarial activity. AB - For possible antimalarial activity, a series of some 4-substituted aminoquinoline Mannich bases (5a-e) was synthesized. The antimalarial evaluation showed that compound 5b was active against Plasmodium berghei in mice at a dose of 100 mg/kg. PMID- 3906679 TI - [The influence of viscosity-increasing pharmaceutic aids on the liberation of the peptide gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) in solution]. AB - The in vitro liberation of the peptide hormone GnRH from polymer solutions was studied as a function of the viscosity of the polymer solutions. The liberation experiments were performed with a flow through dialysis apparatus. From solutions of dextran, carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, and polyvinylpyrrolidone the release of GnRH is prolonged whereas the release of GnRH from highly viscous solutions of methylcellulose and polyacrylic acid is not. The delivery process was found to be diffusion-controlled in solutions of dextran, carboxymethylcellulose, and hydroxyethylcellulose. In solutions of polyvinylpyrrolidone the diffusion-controlled prolongation of the GnRH release is additionally influenced by binding of the peptide to the polymer. The results imply that in these polymer solutions the diffusion coefficient of GnRH does not obey the classical relation D approximately 1/eta which is often used to predict liberation from viscous solutions. Thus, the measured macroscopic viscosity of the polymer solutions is not relevant for the diffusion-controlled prolongation of the in vitro release of GnRH. This phenomenon can be explained by the obstruction effect and the microviscosity of the polymer solutions. The described rapid and simple method can be applied for the quantitative determination of the prolonged release in polymer solutions based on diffusion-controlled processes and is useful in the comparison of the efficacy of various polymeric additives. Furthermore the method allows the quantitative proof of the decrease of diffusion in viscous low-molecular solutions and the proof of prolongations of delivery due to the binding of the investigated drug to the polymer. PMID- 3906680 TI - [Binding and entrapment of insulin by lecithin-phosphatidic acid liposomes in acid solutions]. AB - Microvesicles made of mixtures of lecithin and phosphatidic acid were precipitated by insulin in acid solution. Insulin was bound by the precipitates up to saturation, that was governed by the portion of phosphatidic acid in the liposomal matrix. The amount of bound insulin was described by a binding isotherm for a bivalent ligand. In neutral solutions the precipitates were repeptised thereby releasing bound insulin. An increase of the particle size, observed by gel filtration analysis, was explained by liposome fusion. If the liposomes were generated in acid solutions of insulin by sonication, up to 50% of the insulin remained entrapped even in the neutralized solution. Especially with cholesterol as a lipid component the entrapped insulin was highly protected from the proteolytic attack by pronase. PMID- 3906681 TI - Dr. Bucke and Walt Whitman's homosexuality. PMID- 3906682 TI - Forerunners of modern anesthesiology: dwarfs and giants. PMID- 3906683 TI - History of cardiac rehabilitation. AB - Coronary artery disease is one of the leading causes of death in the United States. The early decades of the nineteenth century witnessed small gains in the diagnosis and treatment of the coronary patient. The most remarkable advances in the management of coronary disease, however, have occurred over the last three decades. This article will review the evolution of cardiac rehabilitation as a formalized method of patient management and the emerging role of the physical therapist in providing a variety of health services to the coronary population. PMID- 3906684 TI - Epidemiology, risk factors, and pathophysiology of ischemic heart disease. AB - Epidemiological studies have identified several risk factors that increase the likelihood of developing ischemic heart disease (IHD). Many of these factors, including hypertension, smoking, elevated blood fats, sedentary life style, and Type A personality, are related to life-style habits and, therefore, are modifiable. Studies indicate that the major risk factors directly influence the basic mechanisms of atherogenesis. Evidence from the primary and secondary prevention trials shows that reducing the risk factors decreases the likelihood of coronary disease progression and coronary morbidity and mortality. Therapeutic exercise programs for primary or secondary prevention clients can lead to significant risk-factor reduction. For therapists to design such programs safely and effectively, they must 1) be knowledgeable in the epidemiology, risk factors, and pathophysiology of IHD and 2) be able to relate this knowledge to a given client. PMID- 3906685 TI - Clinical manifestations and assessment of ischemic heart disease. AB - This article reviews five clinical techniques for measuring and assessing the manifestations of ischemic heart disease. These measurements are heart rate, blood pressure, electrocardiogram, symptoms, and changes in heart sounds. The data obtained from these measurements are discussed in relation to measurement accuracy and to their clinical significance and relationship with the patient's diagnosis, prognosis, and disease manifestations. These clinical measures provide information that is critical to the decision-making processes for patient programming and safety. PMID- 3906686 TI - Scope of cardiac rehabilitation. AB - The focus of this article is on the acute care and rehabilitation of the patient with coronary artery disease. The purpose is to provide an overview of the clinical treatment used at the University of Iowa Hospital, for the practicing physical therapist who may be unfamiliar with this type of patient. The three primary phases of the cardiac rehabilitation program are discussed with emphasis on the treatment of the patient with a post-myocardial infarction. Specific guidelines regarding evaluation and progression of physical activity are provided. PMID- 3906687 TI - Long-term compliance. AB - This article defines and reviews long-term compliance to health-promoting behaviors in healthy subjects and patients with coronary heart disease. Studies demonstrating problems with patient memory for medical advice reveal the magnitude of barriers therapists encounter in a primary or secondary prevention program. Compliance with weight reduction and exercise conditioning programs in healthy subjects is low because of a variety of behavioral, socioeconomic, and programmatic problems. Long-term exercise training compliance in cardiac rehabilitation programs, despite the presence of a life-threatening disease process, is also low. I present strategies to improve compliance and the rationale for combining these strategies with modification of major risk factors. Physical therapists must be innovative, creative, and experimental in program design when they attempt to improve patients' adherence rate. PMID- 3906688 TI - Special diagnostic tests and procedures. AB - The purpose of this article is to provide the physical therapist with a clinically useful description of diagnostic tests commonly used for patients in cardiac rehabilitation. I reviewed five diagnostic tests: coronary angiography, thallium 201 myocardial perfusion imaging, radionuclide ventriculography, echocardiography, and Holter monitoring. The procedural techniques, indications, diagnostic capabilities, limitations, and comparisons of these tests are discussed. I present the applicability of these tests relative to the therapist's roles as clinician, educator, and cardiac rehabilitation team member. PMID- 3906689 TI - Janet Howell Clark: physiologist and biophysicist (1889-1969). PMID- 3906691 TI - History of physiology at the University of Virginia. PMID- 3906690 TI - Recollections of 40 years at the Worcester Foundation for Experimental Biology. PMID- 3906692 TI - Computer-based education in the biomedical sciences. PMID- 3906693 TI - Use of computers in the teaching of pharmacology, toxicology and therapeutics. PMID- 3906694 TI - A role for clinical case simulations in basic medical science education. PMID- 3906696 TI - Applications of artificial intelligence in education--a personal view. PMID- 3906695 TI - Using computer-assisted instruction to teach nutrition. PMID- 3906697 TI - Videodisc--computer technology in the teaching of pathology. PMID- 3906698 TI - Teaching problem solving in physiology with CBE. PMID- 3906699 TI - Computerization of the student neurophysiology laboratory. PMID- 3906700 TI - Use of computer simulations to promote active learning in multiple teaching settings. PMID- 3906701 TI - An integrated cardiovascular teaching laboratory. PMID- 3906702 TI - Computer simulation of quantal dose-response relationships. PMID- 3906703 TI - Teaching diagnosis by computer. PMID- 3906704 TI - RESPSYST: an interactive microcomputer program for education. PMID- 3906705 TI - A computer simulation of the interaction of drugs with cardiovascular reflexes. PMID- 3906706 TI - The use of a common driver format for C.A.I. PMID- 3906707 TI - Dr. Sanger's Apprentice. A computer-aided instruction to protein sequencing. PMID- 3906708 TI - Day-night variations in urine excretions and hormones in dogs: role of autonomic innervation. AB - Under controlled light-dark cycle (LD 12:12) and two hydratory conditions, mongrel dogs display marked day-night variations in urine flow and in its constituents. Diurnal peaks were found in urine flow and sodium excretion, while nocturnal peaks were observed in osmolality and potassium excretion. Diuretic responses, after fluid intake, were consistently faster and higher during the day than during the night. Nocturnal increases were found in plasma antidiuretic hormone (ADH), in aldosterone and in plasma renin activity (PRA), which could partially explain the present results. In all dogs there was a decrease in ADH level in the early morning hours which could account for the increased urine flow and decreased osmolality observed at this time. Plasma cortisol did not show significant temporal variations throughout the 24-hour period. Kidney denervation did not alter the day-night variations in urinary flow, sodium and osmolality, but affected the pattern of potassium excretion. A neural control of potassium excretion pattern, probably mediated by PRA-aldosterone is tentatively postulated. PMID- 3906709 TI - Effects of feeding, fasting and refeeding on growth hormone and insulin in obese pigs. AB - This study has indicated that temporal patterns of plasma GH changes were similar in lean and obese pigs with one to two secretory spikes occurring during a 6-hour period. Fasting caused increased GH in both pig strains; however, obese pigs, compared to lean, had lower GH during feeding and fasting. This depressed plasma GH of obese pigs may not be due entirely to impaired pituitary function since refeeding caused increased GH to levels similar to lean pigs. Insulin response per unit of feed intake was greater in obese pigs compared to lean. Together with higher insulin to glucose ratios, these results indicate hyperinsulinemia in the obese pigs. Overall, hormone and glucose responses were influenced by the nutritive status--fed, fasted or refed. Therefore consideration of feeding schedule was important in assessment of hormonal differences between the lean and obese pigs. PMID- 3906710 TI - Interference of the nutritional condition of the rat with peripheral glucose regulation determined by CNS mechanisms. AB - Glucose and insulin levels of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were changed by an infusion of either glucose, insulin or a mixture of glucose and insulin in the third ventricle of freely moving undisturbed rats. Before, during and after infusions venous blood samples were withdrawn to determine insulin- and glucose concentrations. In rats on carbohydrate rich food neither plasma insulin nor blood glucose changed during infusion of either glucose, insulin or a mixture of both. However, in rats on carbohydrate free food an immediate decline in blood glucose of about 7 mg/dl occurred 15 min after the start of the infusion. During infusion of a mixture of glucose and insulin, blood glucose rose slightly and reached a value which was in between those attained when glucose and insulin were infused separately. Plasma insulin did not change following central infusions. It is argued that the central nervous system (CNS) is sensitive to changes in CSF levels of glucose and insulin and affects peripheral glucose homeostasis mainly by changing glucose output from the liver. This action of the CNS, however, is dependent on the nutritional condition of the animal. PMID- 3906711 TI - Hormonal control in a state of decreased activation: potentiation of arginine vasopressin secretion. AB - Behaviorally induced stress is associated with increased arginine vasopressin (AVP) secretion. In this report we describe a phasic conditioned response of AVP secretion yielding 2.6-7.1 times normal plasma concentration of this hormone in association with a physiological state of decreased activation, that associated with the mental technique of "transcendental meditation" (TM) in long-term practitioners (6-8 years of regular elicitation). Such a very large phasic response of AVP was previously unknown in the normal physiology of AVP. This elevation was not accompanied by elevation of plasma osmolality. Unstylized ordinary eyes closed rest in a separate group of subjects studied in the same manner was associated with normal plasma AVP concentration. Galvanic skin resistance (GSR) increased during both TM and rest with significantly larger increase associated with TM. Other measures of activation, including muscle metabolism, and the Spielberger Anxiety Inventory indicated marked relaxation in association with TM. In previous research it has been shown that blood pressure does not change acutely during this behavior. These observations indicate that neither stress nor operation of other usual homeostatic control mechanisms are responsible for elevated for AVP in the meditators. It is speculated that the apparently unique mechanism of TM-induced AVP secretion may be more specifically related to the behavioral effects of meditation. PMID- 3906712 TI - Development of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia as a function of number of trials in insulin conditioning. AB - A neutral environment paired with insulin injections can develop the capacity to elicit glycemic changes. However, both conditioned hypoglycemia and conditioned hyperglycemia have been reported under apparently similar circumstances. The present study examined conditioned glycemic changes as a function of the number of conditioning trials and the novelty of the conditioning environment. Adult, male Wistar rats were injected with either insulin or physiological saline every second day, in either a novel or a familiar environment. On the test day, all rats were injected with saline and blood was collected 20 minutes later for determination of glucose levels. In rats given insulin in the novel environment, conditioned hypoglycemia was observed after two trials but was replaced by conditioned hyperglycemia after five trials. No conditioning at all occurred in the familiar environment. The two conditioned responses observed were interpreted as reflecting two unconditioned responses brought about by insulin--a hypoglycemic response to the central detection of insulin, and a hyperglycemic response to the detection of (insulin-induced) hypoglycemia. Taken in conjunction with previous experiments in which both conditioned response patterns have occurred, the present results suggest that the homeostatic response of hyperglycemia can become strong enough to overcome the initial conditioned response of hypoglycemia, but that its establishment depends on the use of a novel conditioned stimulus and a larger number of conditioning trials. PMID- 3906713 TI - Ribosomal RNA methylation in Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli: effect of the "MLS" (erythromycin resistance) methylase. AB - Classical acquired resistance to erythromycin in Staphylococcus aureus ("MLS," or macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin, resistance) was shown by Weisblum and colleagues to be a direct consequence of the conversion of one or more adenosine residues of 23S rRNA, within the subsequence(s) GA3G, to N6-dimethyladenosine (m62A). The methylation reaction is effected by a class of methylase, whose genes are typically plasmid- or transposon-associated, and whose synthesis is inducible by erythromycin. Using a recently obtained clinical MLS isolate of S. aureus, we have further defined the methylation locus as YGG X m62A X AAGAC; and have shown that this subsequence occurs once in the 23S RNA and that it is essentially completely methylated in all copies of 23S RNA that accumulate in induced cultures. Similar findings were obtained with laboratory S. aureus strains containing two well-characterized evolutionary variants (ermB, ermC) of MLS methylase genes. Analyses of a strain of E. coli containing the ermC gene indicated that the specificity of the methylase gene was unchanged, but that its expression was muted. Even after prolonged periods of induction, the strain manifested only partial resistance to erythromycin, and only about one-third of the copies of the MLS subsequence were methylated in such "induced" cultures. Since the E. coli 23S RNA sequence is known in its entirety, localization of the MLS subsequence is in this case unambiguous; as inferred by homology arguments applied earlier to the S. aureus data, the subsequence is in a highly conserved region of 23S RNA considered to contribute to the peptidyl transferase center of the ribosome. PMID- 3906714 TI - Novel high- and low-copy stable cosmids for use in Agrobacterium and Rhizobium. AB - Presented are a set of cosmids based on the unit copy Agrobacterium plasmid, pTAR, and the high-copy-number mutant plasmid, pUCD500, of pTiC58. The addition of a par function derived from pTAR to the vectors allowed them to be stably maintained throughout the cell population in the absence of selective pressure. These vectors, designed for Agrobacterium and Rhizobium, also work in Escherichia coli. The vectors can be cotransferred to Rhizobiaceae from E. coli with the helper plasmid, pRK2013. The pTiC58 origin containing vectors, pUCD1000 and pUCD1001 were found to be incompatible with a 250-kb plasmid harbored by R. meliloti RM102Z1. RM102Z1(pUCD1000) was still capable of nodulating roots in alfalfa. PMID- 3906715 TI - Functional oromandibular reconstruction with the microvascular composite groin flap. AB - Ten patients were reconstructed with the microvascular osteocutaneous groin flap for oromandibular defects with the objective of improving function. The flap was based on the superficial and deep circumflex iliac vessels for optimal positioning of the bone and contouring of the skin. Patients with major glossectomies and arch resections had intelligible speech and were able to eat a soft diet without aspirating. Cineradiographic studies to evaluate swallowing in selected patients showed that the shape of the intraoral flap and the location of the bone graft played an important role in swallowing and prevention of aspiration. PMID- 3906716 TI - Mandibular reconstruction in the radiated patient: the role of osteocutaneous free tissue transfers. AB - This paper discusses our experience with the second metatarsal and iliac crest osteocutaneous transfers for mandibular reconstruction. The prime indication for this type of reconstruction was for anterior mandibular defects when the patient had been previously resected. Midbody to midbody defects were reconstructed with the metatarsal and larger defects with the iliac crest. In most cases, an osteotomy was done to create a mental angle. The evaluation of speech, oral continence, and swallowing revealed good results in all patients unless lip or tongue resection compromised function. Facial contour was excellent in metatarsal reconstructions. The iliac crest cutaneous flap provided a generous supply of skin for both intraoral reconstruction and external skin coverage but tended to be bulky, particularly when used in the submental area. Thirty three of 36 flaps survived completely. Flap losses were due to anastomosis thrombosis (1), pedicle compression (1), and pedicle destruction during exploration for suspected carotid blowout (1). Ninety three percent of bone junctions developed a solid bony union despite the mandible having had a full therapeutic dose of preoperative radiation. Despite wound infections in 8 patients, and intraoral dehiscence with bone exposure in 12 patients, all but one of these transfers went on to good bony union without infection in the bone graft. PMID- 3906717 TI - Molded vascularized osteoneogenesis: a preliminary study in rabbits. AB - The clinical application of free vascularized bone grafting techniques in reconstructive surgery has limitations with respect to available donor sites and configuration of the graft. In this study, we were able to produce a vascularized bone graft with a predetermined size and shape by the use of titanium chambers implanted into the groins of rabbits. Forty adult New Zealand white rabbits were included in this study. In all animals, bone fragments were harvested from the iliac crests and placed within a titanium chamber. The chamber was positioned in the groin with the saphenous vessels passing through the chamber longitudinally in contact with the bony fragments. In half the animals, a segment of periosteum was harvested from the tibia and sutured around the vessels with the cambium layer facing the bone fragments. Sacrifices were performed at 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks to examine the chamber contents. At all time periods, the contents completely filled the chamber, and the saphenous vessels remained patent. Histologic evaluation showed remodeling of the bone fragments as early as 4 weeks concomitant with a sprouting vascular network demonstrable with microangiography. Fluorochrome bone labels documented new bone formation within the chamber. These changes were progressive to week 12, but the 16-week specimens appeared to be undergoing resorption. PMID- 3906718 TI - The posterior calf fascial free flap. AB - Six posterior calf fascial free flaps were employed to reconstruct defects of the upper and lower extremities. One flap failed due to a constricting dressing. Two flaps sustained partial loss secondary to bleeding and hematoma formation. One flap dehisced at the distal suture line due to mobility of an underlying fracture. All surviving flaps eventually healed and resulted in stable, thin coverage. Donor-site morbidity has been minimal. Shortcomings of this flap model have been defined in the peculiarities of its thinness, diffuse vascular oozing, the extent of the vascular territory, and in postoperative monitoring. These problems are analyzed and recommendations for their resolution are presented. Fascia represents a unique tissue which offers an exciting new dimension in the reconstruction of certain defects--particularly those in which thinness is a desirable option. In the posterior calf model, the inclusion of fat represents an alternative modification that allows the surgeon to tailor the design to a variety of problems where fascia alone is too thin and a cutaneous flap is too thick. This concept may find its greatest application in wounds involving the hand or foot. We believe that this and other fascial flap prototypes may offer an ideal solution for reconstruction of major wounds of the extremities. PMID- 3906719 TI - Pollicization for thumb reconstruction in severe pediatric hand burns. AB - Our experience in pollicization of the index ray for severely burned hands in children is reviewed with attention to severity of burn, functional impairment, age at pollicization, procedure used, operative time, length of hospital stay, and long-term functional results. Fifteen pollicizations were performed in 11 patients with an average follow-up of over 5 years. Indication for pollicization was lack of prehension due to total loss of the thumb with the presence of a transposable index ray. The bipedicle flap method was used in two cases and the neurovascular pedicle technique was employed in all others. Skin grafts were necessary in all cases. Results were graded according to presence or absence of tip pinch, key pinch, grasp, and opposition. Significant functional improvement was seen in 14 of 15 cases (94 percent). Four patients (27 percent) developed complications requiring secondary procedures. In our experience, pollicization provides the most rapid and effective means of restoration of thumb function in the severe pediatric hand burn with multiple digit loss. PMID- 3906720 TI - Traumatic hemipelvectomy. AB - This is a report of a patient who sustained a traumatic avulsion of the hemipelvis and survived this catastrophic challenge. Survival of the patient is dependent on multiple factors of associated injuries, early management, and general health of the patient. Early involvement of the plastic surgical team offers a coordinating influence that can provide the maximum of efficiency for early care and subsequent reconstruction. PMID- 3906721 TI - [Nebetol in the treatment of bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive bronchitis]. PMID- 3906722 TI - [Acute respiratory insufficiency in adults]. PMID- 3906723 TI - [Immunoserologic and immunohistopathologic diagnosis of diffuse interstitial pulmonary disease]. PMID- 3906724 TI - Developments toward clinical support systems. Beyond accounts receivable. AB - The role of computers in primary care is disappointing when contrasted with their ubiquity elsewhere. This article surveys unique applications that have made inroads toward successful adaptation of automation to the storage and retrieval of medical data and to clinical decision support. The author's DUCHESS system is described as an effort to overcome the impediments that have restricted application of informatics to ambulatory care. PMID- 3906725 TI - Online medical information services. AB - The author provides a comprehensive overview of online medical information services that can be accessed by personal computer users over telephone lines. The article encompasses the reasons for online database access, equipment considerations, and structure and sources of database information. Tips on search strategy and resources for increasing database search proficiency are also included. PMID- 3906726 TI - Computer-based patient education. AB - The increased exposure of health professionals to computers and the decreased cost of this technology make computer-based instruction an increasingly attractive alternative for patient education. This article presents an overview of the present status of computer-based patient education and suggests guidelines for the development and use of such educational materials. It emphasizes general techniques applicable to a wide range of patients and conditions and includes a list of resources available to the interested health professional. PMID- 3906727 TI - [Griesinger's psychiatric approach]. AB - The standpoint from which Griesinger considered mental illness and the closely connected relationship between body and mind is described. The conclusion is drawn that Griesinger, realising that body and mind form an entity with the brain as an organ and psychological processes as its function, regarded mental illness as an organopathological process. This played a great role in raising psychiatry to the status of the purely somatic fields of medicine. PMID- 3906729 TI - [150 years of psychiatric treatment and teaching at Greifswald University]. PMID- 3906728 TI - [Brain tumor and dying--exposition of W. M. Diggelmann in "Shadows--the diary of a disease"]. AB - The phases of a patient's struggle to come to terms with a malignant disease and impending death are illustrated by means of W. M. Diggelmann's book "Schatten- Tagebuch einer Krankheit" (Shadow--Diary of an Illness). Their expression, mutual influences and contents are documented by quotations. PMID- 3906730 TI - Fertility and family planning surveys: an update. PMID- 3906731 TI - Psychiatry and social values: the American Psychiatric Association and immigration restriction, 1880-1930. AB - From time to time during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the issue of immigration came before the American Psychiatric Association (APA). Members of the APA who publicly discussed the problem of immigration often addressed it in ways that emphasized the importance of hereditary and racial factors in determining mental health. There was considerable feeling among psychiatrists that the immigrant population harbored a large number of "mental defectives" who would taint future generations of Americans if not restricted. Though psychiatrists were not as extreme in their advocacy of immigration restriction as some segments of American society (Grob 1983), many were nonetheless eager to see limits imposed upon the entry of defective and potentially defective immigrants, particularly those from Southern and Eastern Europe. Some practitioners were also deeply concerned about what might happen to the state of American mental health if the racial mixture of the nation's population were substantially altered. On the other hand, some psychiatrists, particularly in the period after 1910, were uncomfortable with views that emphasized hereditary determinism and therefore emphasized the role of environmental factors in the development of mental disease. The purpose of this paper is to examine how social and cultural forces interacted with contemporary scientific ideas to shape the way psychiatrists dealt with the problem of immigration at the turn of the century. PMID- 3906732 TI - Psychiatric commitments of religious dissenters in Tsarist and Soviet Russia: two case studies. AB - Recent literature suggests that involuntary commitment of dissenters to psychiatric institutions in the Soviet Union is politically motivated. It may be useful to consider two documented cases of commitment from two different historical periods in Russia: the case of Kondratii A. Malevannyi during the Tsarist regime and the case of Patient Pr. during Stalin's rule. Allegedly, both Malevannyi and Patient Pr. claimed to be Jesus Christ. Their public behavior attracted the attention of authorities. Since such behavior was illegal, both could have been charged in court or exiled by administrative action. They were neither charged nor exiled. Instead, both were diagnosed by psychiatrists as paranoiacs and were involuntarily committed. The diagnoses and commitments were challenged by L. N. Tolstoi and I. P. Pavlov. The commitment decisions were consonant with contemporary Western psychiatric practice that conceptualized deviant behavior in terms of "mental illness." The cases suggest that the present commitment of dissenters in the Soviet Union may be based upon a psychiatric judgment, although political factors may be relevant. A reliable documentation regarding current practices is necessary before any definite conclusions can be made. PMID- 3906733 TI - Anna Freud: the Vienna years. PMID- 3906734 TI - Paradigms and crises in psychoanalysis. AB - The use of T. S. Kuhn's Structure of Scientific Revolutions as a model for the history of psychoanalysis is addressed. It is shown that his categories have been regularly misapplied in the interest of establishing the scientific status of psychoanalysis, or of proposing a new theoretical structure. It is argued that Kuhn's model may nevertheless be useful for the history of psychoanalysis on condition that its categories are used precisely, and their correspondence to the data is tested rather than assumed. PMID- 3906736 TI - Aesthetics, periodontology, and restorative dentistry. PMID- 3906735 TI - Psychosocial factors in diabetes control: adjustment of insulin-treated adults. AB - Twenty insulin-treated diabetic adults were studied to identify psychosocial factors important in diabetic (blood glucose) control. Diabetic control was assessed by glycosylated hemoglobin, a measure of long-term glucose control. Subjects were equally divided between "good" and "poor" glucose control groups with sex balanced in each group. A multifactorial biopsychosocial model was proposed and tested. This model incorporated both direct (psychophysiologic) and indirect (behavioral) components. The behavioral variables investigated included predisposing (orientational), enabling (resource/barrier), and conditioning (inhibiting and motivating) factors. The psychophysiologic variables investigated were stress-response factors (elevating and dampening). Univariate and multivariate analysis demonstrated significant relationships between glucose control and each category of variables, using measures of diabetes knowledge and attitudes, health locus of control, and coping styles. The findings support both the stress-coping-illness and health-belief/illness-behavior models of diabetic adjustment and control. PMID- 3906737 TI - The effects of configuration on the stiffness parameters of half-round cast clasps. PMID- 3906738 TI - A comparison of the apical seal produced by two calcium hydroxide sealers and a Grossman-type sealer when used with laterally condensed gutta-percha. PMID- 3906739 TI - Promotion of septation in irradiated Escherichia coli by a cytoplasmic membrane preparation. AB - Septation can be promoted in an X-irradiated lon mutant of Escherichia coli K-12 by the addition of an E. coli B/r cytoplasmic membrane preparation to the postirradiation plating medium. The promotion of septation was not associated with an inhibition of growth rate. Two distinct cytoplasmic membrane-associated properties were necessary to promote septation. One of these, the cytochrome based electron transport system, produced anaerobic conditions by the reduction of oxygen dissolved in the medium. The second system, functioning independently from the first, altered substances found in the peptone and yeast extract components of the postirradiation plating medium. When both systems were operative, significant repair of the cell division mechanism occurred. PMID- 3906740 TI - An attempt to stimulate mitosis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae with the ultraviolet luminescence from exponential phase cultures of this yeast. AB - Neither cell division nor growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were stimulated by the ultraviolet luminescence produced by adjacent exponential phase cultures of the yeast. The study included experiments in which the inocula (density = 5 X 10(7) cells cm-3) were irradiated and in which lag phase cultures (densities = 1 X 10(6) or 5 X 10(6) cells cm-3) were irradiated for 30 min with the yeast luminescence. These results do not support the claims of earlier workers that dividing cells can stimulate mitosis in optically coupled cultures by the so called "mitogenetic effect." PMID- 3906742 TI - Life shortening in mice exposed to fission neutrons and gamma rays. IV. Further studies with fractionated neutron exposures. AB - When mice were exposed to a total dose of 240 rad of fission neutrons divided into two, four, or six fractions given at 1-week intervals, more life shortening was observed than was seen after a single exposure. Maximum life shortening was observed with four fractions, although the value for six fractions was not significantly lower. Much of the augmentation effect was attributable to an increase in early deaths during the first 200-300 days after exposure, although differences persisted throughout the lifetime of the animals. The changes in life shortening were associated with changes in the distribution of causes of death; however, decrementation of the populations for any given specific cause of death failed to eliminate completely the differences in mean aftersurvival time. PMID- 3906741 TI - Failla Memorial lecture. The future of heavy-ion science in biology and medicine. AB - Interplanetary space contains fluxes of fast moving atomic nuclei. The distribution of these reflects the atomic composition of the universe, and such particles may pose limitations for space flight and for life in space. Over the past 50 years, since the invention of Ernest Lawrence's cyclotron, advances in accelerator technology have permitted the acceleration of charged nuclei to very high velocities. Currently, beams of any stable isotope species up to uranium are available at kinetic energies of several hundred MeV/nucleon at the Berkeley Bevalac. Recently, new areas of particle physics research relating to the mechanisms of spallation and fission have opened up for investigation, and it is now realistic to search for nuclear super-dense states that might be produced in heavy nuclear collisions. The heavy ions hold interest for a broad spectrum of research because of their effectiveness in producing a series of major lesions in DNA along single particle tracks and because of the Bragg depth ionization properties that allow the precise deposition of highly localized doses deep in the human body. Individual heavy ions can also interrupt the continuity of membraneous regions in cells. Heavy ions, when compared to low-LET radiation, have increased effectiveness for mammalian cell lethality, chromosome mutations, and cell transformation. The molecular mechanisms are not completely understood but appear to involve fragmentation and reintegration of DNA. Cells attempt to repair these lesions, and many of the deleterious effects are due to misrepair or misrejoining of DNA. Heavy ions do not require the presence of oxygen for producing their effects, and hypoxic cells in necrotic regions have nearly the same sensitivity as cells in well-oxygenated tissues. Heavy ions are effective in delaying or blocking the cell division process. Heavy ions are also strong enhancers of viral-induced cell transformation, a process that requires integration of foreign DNA. Some cell lines, known to be radioresistant to X rays, have exhibited greater sensitivity to heavy ions. These radiobiological properties, combined with the ability to deliver highly localized internal doses, make accelerated heavy ions potentially important radiotherapeutic tools. Other novel approaches include the utilization of radioactive heavy beams as instant tracers. Heavy-ion radiography and microscopy respond to delicate changes in tissue electron density. Dose localization with helium ions has achieved excellent results for pituitary tumors, tumors adjacent to the spinal cord, and ocular melanomas. We are working on adapting silicon- and neon-ion beams for controlled therapy studies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3906743 TI - [Effect of rad 54 mutation on the ability of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells to recover from radiation and thermal injury]. AB - The diploid cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae carrying rad 54 homozygous mutation do not exhibit an ability for any considerable "rapid" postirradiation and post hyperthermic recovery. A pretreatment with high temperature (50 degrees C) increases the radiation response of mutant cells. Survival of cells overheated before gamma-irradiation is increased by keeping them in water for 2-6 h at 28 degrees C, while the corresponding value of survival for cells treated by each of the factors delivered separately remains constant in these conditions. PMID- 3906744 TI - [Analysis of the modifying effect of testosterone on postradiation changes in spermatogenesis]. AB - Cytological analysis showed that disturbances referable to division and development of spermatogonia (intermediate and B types) and primary spermatocytes in irradiated animals are modified by injection of exogenous testosterone. It was established that the hormone exerts its modifying effect after radiation doses affecting mechanisms of spermatogenesis regulation. Testosterone bound to target cells initiates their division and decreases duration of spermatogonium mitosis block and delay in primary spermatocyte development increasing the number of germ cells. PMID- 3906745 TI - [Evaluation of the radioprotective effect of total gaseous hypoxia based on the criteria of delayed radiation damage]. AB - Breathing with gas mixture containing 6-8% of oxygen during whole-body and large field irradiation of mice diminishes the radiation-induced life-span shortening (DMF = 2.2) and decreases the degree of canescence (DMF = 1.5), the frequency and severity of nephro- and cardiosclerosis (DMF = 1.5), and the probability of occurrence of pleura and pericardium edemas provoked by cardiopulmonary insufficiency (DMF = 1.4). The fact that hypoxic hypoxia retains its high radioprotective efficiency in relation to the delayed effects of radiation is important for radiotherapy of tumors. PMID- 3906747 TI - [Parametric analysis of survival data for doubly irradiated animals]. AB - On the basis of their previously reported model of acute radiation sickness development the authors made a parametric analysis of the survival rate of mice after double exposure to ionizing radiation. PMID- 3906746 TI - [Endonuclease activity with acid and alkaline pH values in rat blood serum during whole body gamma-irradiation]. AB - Using the method of electrophoresis in agar gel of superhelical plasmid DNA, which served as a substrate for determining endonuclease activity, the authors showed that the same radiation dose influenced in a different way the activity of acid and alkaline DNAases in rat blood serum. At early times (3-6 h) following irradiation, the activity of acid nucleases increased whereas that of alkaline DNAases decreased. PMID- 3906748 TI - The place of rotational tomography in dentistry. PMID- 3906750 TI - Radiotherapy planning aids on the CT body scanner at The Royal Free Hospital. PMID- 3906749 TI - Obstetric ultrasound and childhood malignancies. PMID- 3906751 TI - Late effects of whole-body irradiation on the peripheral blood of mice and its modification by Liv. 52. PMID- 3906752 TI - Cardiovascular applications of digital subtraction angiography. AB - Continuing interest exists in the cardiovascular applications for digital subtraction angiography. The principal intravenous application is in the evaluation of left ventricular function and the quantitative parameters presently available for digital methods. Intraarterial applications include the ability to screen multiple vascular systems, including the coronary circulation and the carotid or peripheral vascular structures. Quantitative functions available are stenosis sizing, phase and amplitude analysis, and, finally, "road mapping" during cardiovascular interventional procedures. Major expansion of storage capacity, cine pulsing, and immediate access of online data represent a few of the major limitations of the procedure. PMID- 3906753 TI - Quantitative flow measurements with Doppler ultrasound: techniques, accuracy, and limitations. AB - Using Doppler ultrasound, blood-filled structures appearing on a real-time ultrasound image may be interrogated for flow information. Quantitation of the Doppler signal may yield estimates of instantaneous and time-averaged velocity, volume flow rate, and pressure difference. In this article, the techniques of signal analysis used are discussed, together with the sources of error that confront their clinical application. PMID- 3906754 TI - The investigation of abnormal pulmonary arteries in congenital heart disease. AB - Thorough investigation of the state of the pulmonary vascular bed is an important part of the preoperative assessment of patients with congenital heart disease. This article describes the imaging techniques applicable to anomalies and acquired changes of the pulmonary arteries, with emphasis on recent developments. The morphology and imaging of specific cardiovascular anomalies that involve the pulmonary arteries are described and illustrated. PMID- 3906755 TI - Radiopharmaceuticals for cardiac imaging. AB - A number of new radiopharmaceuticals have been developed to increase the diagnostic utility of nuclear medicine in cardiac diseases. The radiochemistry and dosimetry of and clinical experience with these new agents are summarized, and are compared with more widely used methods for assessing myocardial perfusion (thallium-201 scintigraphy) and ventricular function (technetium-99m radioangiography). Emerging techniques for the evaluation of myocardial necrosis and metabolism are also presented, with emphasis on the use of radiolabeled antimyosin antibody and fatty acid analogue imaging in ischemic heart disease. PMID- 3906756 TI - So you want to start a sonography program. PMID- 3906758 TI - Drugs and the elderly. PMID- 3906757 TI - [Echinococcus cysticus of the liver--sonographically a solid tumor]. AB - In a patient with Hodgkin's disease, an intrahepatic echodense mass was diagnosed incidentally by ultrasonography. The sonographic pattern suggested a solid tumor. Despite negative or border-line serology, computed tomography established the diagnosis of Echinococcus cysticus by documentation of one "daughter" cyst; this diagnosis was confirmed by surgery. The criteria of Echinococcus cysticus in modern imaging methods like sonography and computed tomography are summarized and the diagnostic value of various procedures including diagnostic procedure in seronegative cases are discussed. PMID- 3906759 TI - Sensitivity and specificity of cerebrospinal fluid biochemical markers of central nervous system metastases. PMID- 3906760 TI - Current status of chemotherapy of brain tumours. PMID- 3906761 TI - Neurotoxicity of high-dose cytosine arabinoside. PMID- 3906762 TI - Central nervous system toxicity of interferon. PMID- 3906763 TI - Combined modality treatment of malignant glioma. PMID- 3906765 TI - Tumors, tools, and technology. The role of the neurosurgeon. PMID- 3906764 TI - Removal of malignant cells from bone marrow using magnetic microspheres and monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 3906766 TI - [Cell-surface glycoproteins of teratocarcinomas]. PMID- 3906767 TI - [Cell surface glycoproteins and carbohydrate antigens in the differentiation of human erythroid and myeloid cells]. PMID- 3906768 TI - [Zona pellucida, a preliminary sperm-binding site in mammalian fertilization]. PMID- 3906769 TI - [The role of neurotrophic factors on neuronal development]. PMID- 3906770 TI - [Inhibitor protein and trigger protein of F-plasmid for cell division of Escherichia coli]. PMID- 3906771 TI - [Structure and evolution of Kpn I family, a human repetitive DNA family]. PMID- 3906772 TI - [Linear DNA killer plasmids in yeast]. PMID- 3906773 TI - [Primary structures of cytochrome P-450's and molecular evolution]. PMID- 3906774 TI - [Nitrate and sulfate respiration and evolution]. PMID- 3906775 TI - [Evolutionary status of acids-thermophilie archaebacteria]. PMID- 3906776 TI - From roentgen to NMR--a historical perspective on diagnostic imaging 1896-1984 at the University of Freiburg (Federal Republic of Germany). PMID- 3906777 TI - Intraarterial digital subtraction arteriography in the diagnosis and treatment of hepatic tumors. AB - Intraarterial digital subtraction arteriography (IADSA) was performed in 94 patients with hepatic tumors and evaluated on the following subjects: 1) visualization of small arteries in arterial phase, compared with film study, 2) visualization of faint tumor stains in hepatogram phase, compared with film study, 3) visualization of portal venous branches by intraarterial digital subtraction portography (IADSP). Interventional angiography was performed in 76 patients. Contrast dose and injection rate of IADSA was approximately a third of film study without dilution. The position of the catheter was identical in IADSA and film study. IADSPs were performed with 15-20 ml of 76% Urografin, which was injected into the superior mesenteric artery at the rate of 5 ml/sec after infusion of prostaglandin E1. Comparison in arterial phase of 67 patients showed 24 (36%) IADSAs were equal to film study. Thirty-nine (58%) were inferior but adequate for the diagnosis of hepatic tumors. Comparison in hepatogram phase showed 24 (38%) IADSAs were superior to film study and all were satisfactory for the diagnostic purposes. Ninety-eight percent of 86 IADSPs gave information about the patency of the main portal vein. Fifty-five percent of IADSPs opacified third order portal vein branches or further. IADSA of hepatic tumors not only save time and contrast dose but was also satisfactory in image quality for interventional angiography. PMID- 3906778 TI - VIP and PHI in cat neurons: co-localization but variable tissue content possible due to differential processing. AB - The concentrations of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and the peptide with NH2- terminal histidine and COOH-terminal isoleucine (PHI) in various peripheral tissues and some areas in the CNS of the cat were compared with their immunohistochemical localization. The VIP levels in the gastrointestinal tract were 3 to 6 times higher than PHI levels. Much (up to 10-fold) higher VIP than PHI levels were also observed in the genitourinary tract as well as in the lung and heart. In the neurohypophysis, however, the VIP/PHI ratio was close to 1. Gel permeation chromatography revealed that VIP- and PHI-immunoreactivity (IR) in the intestine, pancreas and brain consisted of three larger molecular forms in addition to the 'standard' peptides. These larger forms which had overlapping elution positions may represent prepro-VIP/PHI forms. The immunohistochemical analysis revealed that VIP- and PHI-IR was present in the same ganglion cells in the intestine, pancreas, uterus and sympathetic ganglia. Furthermore, the terminal networks for these two peptides were very similar in the periphery. In the median eminence of the hypothalamus and in the posterior lobe of the pituitary, considerably more nerves were PHI- than VIP-IR. This observation was in parallel to a low VIP/PHI ratio. In conclusion, VIP and PHI seem to co-exist in most neuronal systems. Although the ratio of VIP and PHI on the precursor gene is 1:1, differences in posttranslational processing may create a considerably higher content of VIP than PHI in most terminal areas. PMID- 3906779 TI - [Syntheses of [prolyl-U-14C]alacepril and its related compounds]. AB - In order to study the metabolic fate of alacepril, an anti-hypertensive agent, the 14C-labeled compound of alacepril and its related compounds were synthesized. [Prolyl-U-14C]alacepril was synthesized in over-all yield of 32.7-38.0% by the mixed anhydride condensation of L-phenylalanine with [prolyl-U-14C]DU-1163, which had been prepared from L-[U-14C]proline and N-(S-3-acetylthio-2 methylpropanoyloxy)succinimide. [Prolyl-U-14C]captopril and [prolyl-U-14C]DU-1227 were prepared in high yields by hydrolysis of [prolyl-U-14C]DU-1163 and [prolyl-U 14C]alacepril, respectively. [Prolyl-U-14C]captopril-cysteine was synthesized by condensation of [prolyl-U-14C]captopril with cystine S-monoxide in 55.0% yield. PMID- 3906780 TI - [Production of fusion reactor fuel tritium and its chemistry]. PMID- 3906781 TI - [Diagnostic value of echographic results in accessory spleens]. AB - Accessory spleens mean autonomous masses of normal splenic tissue that can occasionally be found, and cause problems in differential diagnosis. Scintigraphy and angiography allow a correct diagnosis in oversized splenic nodules. On the other hand, echography is presently given a basic diagnostic value. The authors report their experience on 5 accessory spleen cases, fix the necessary standards for ultrasonic diagnostic value of this investigation and its present importance in the particular field of accessory spleens. PMID- 3906782 TI - The first thirty years of regional anaesthesia in Germany (1884-1914). PMID- 3906783 TI - [Comparison of prilocaine 2% versus lidocaine 2% with adrenaline in peridural anesthesia. A clinical double-blind study]. AB - Sensory and motor blockade as well as formation of methaemoglobin were investigated under controlled double-blind conditions following epidural anaesthesia with prilocaine 2% or lignocaine 2%, each with adrenaline 1:200,000. 20 ml (= 400 mg) of these two solutions were administered to two groups, each consisting of 10 patients. Sensory blockade was tested with the pin prick method, motor blockade with the Bromage score and the rectus abdominis-muscle (RAM)-test. Venous methaemoglobin was determined before and 2,5 h after administration of the local anaesthetic. Times of onset of sensory blockade and motor blockade, as obtained with the RAM-test, were slightly earlier following lignocaine. The intensity of sensory blockade was more marked following prilocaine. The duration of action was somewhat longer following prilocaine. Methaemoglobin always increased following prilocaine, but not following lignocaine. One patient had an increase of methaemoglobin from 0.8 rel% before to 13.8 rel% after administration of prilocaine. The differences of sensory and motor blockade are of secondary importance for clinical practice; while lignocaine shows higher toxicity to the central nervous and cardiovascular system, prilocaine forms methaemoglobin. PMID- 3906784 TI - Posterior composite restorative technique. PMID- 3906785 TI - The effect of an adhesion promoter on the retentive strengths of various designs of resin bonded bridges. PMID- 3906786 TI - [The functionally generated path applied to metal-ceramics]. PMID- 3906787 TI - [The leukocyte membrane against infection]. PMID- 3906788 TI - [Changes in carbohydrate metabolism in hepatic cirrhosis]. PMID- 3906789 TI - [Effect of duodenal acidification on blood secretin, insulin and glucagon levels: comparative study in dogs and humans]. PMID- 3906790 TI - [Diagnostic value of the clinical evaluation and ultrasonography in biliary lithiasis]. PMID- 3906791 TI - [Gastrin and duodenal ulcer]. PMID- 3906792 TI - Protein-deficient ribosomal particles from yeast 60S subunits obtained by modification with dimethylmaleic anhydride and by treatment with NH4Cl. AB - The protein-deficient particles prepared from yeast 60S subunits by modification of lysine residues with the reversible reagent dimethylmaleic anhydride are compared with those obtained by treatment with NH4Cl. The two procedures cause selective dissociation of certain proteins. With a few exceptions, the dissociation pattern is similar in both cases. When using dimethylmaleic anhydride, a variation in the protein composition of the ribosomal cores is obtained by modification of the ribosomal subunits in the presence of any of the following ligands: elongation factor-2, ricin A, verrucarine A and puromycine. PMID- 3906793 TI - [Effect of the method of blood extraction on plasma levels of renin in the Wistar rat]. AB - To investigate the influence of blood extraction conditions on the renin angiotensin system in rats, plasma renin activity (PRA) and plasma renin concentration (PRC) were measured in blood samples obtained by different methods. PRA and PRC in samples obtained by chronic catheterization, cardiac puncture without anesthesia, and decapitation immediately following light ether anesthesia were not significantly different from those obtained by simple decapitation (control group). In contrast, PRA and PRC in samples obtained by cardiac puncture and cavernous sinus puncture after light ether anesthesia were significantly (p less than 0.01) higher than those obtained in the control group. There was a significant direct correlationship between PRA and PRC in all samples studied (r = 0.87, p less than 0.001). The present results suggest that light ether anesthesia increases renin levels, except when blood samples are taken by decapitation, and that chronic catheterization and cardiac puncture are the choice blood extraction methods to evaluate the renin-angiotensin system in rats. PMID- 3906794 TI - [Therapy of acute leukemia: contribution of the new anthracyclinic drugs]. PMID- 3906795 TI - Comparative aspects of glomerular filtration in vertebrates. AB - Glomerular ultrafiltration of the plasma is a fundamental component of vertebrate renal function. The importance of the glomerulus is reflected by its near universal presence and great elaboration among the vertebrates. Although the general structural features and functional properties of the glomerulus appear to be largely similar among diverse groups, there exists considerable variation in the magnitude of the rate of filtration. The kidney is the primary vertebrate organ responsible for water and metabolic waste excretion, and glomerular filtration plays an important role in these functions. Therefore, the magnitude of the GFR appears to be influenced primarily by the rates of water influx and metabolism. Major phylogenetic differences in morphological, physiological and metabolic design have a decisive impact on the magnitude of the GFR. The endothermic classes, with more numerous glomeruli, high metabolic rates, and high ultrafiltration pressures, have proportionately higher rates of glomerular filtration than the ectothermic groups. As a group, the reptiles, with presumably the lowest rates of water influx, exhibit the lowest GFRs. Within each class, there are trends toward species with greater access to free water having higher GFRs (e.g. fresh water vs. marine; mesic vs. xeric. The clearest examples exist for the teleosts, with marine forms having lower GFRs than their fresh water relatives. The coupling of the GFR to environmental influences is also demonstrated by the response of the animal to environmentally imposed perturbations, such as dehydration. In terrestrial animals during dehydration, reductions in the rate of glomerular filtration occur reducing the rate of urinary water loss. And increases in GFR appears to be important in the rapid elimination of water loads in nonmammalian vertebrates. This short-term modulation of the GFR occurs by either changing glomerular plasma flow or glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure, or both. In addition, shifts in the filtering populations of glomeruli can take place, as has been demonstrated in birds. Although the mediators of these effects have not been unequivocally identified, several hormones, including antidiuretic hormone, angiotensin, and catecholamines, have been implicated. PMID- 3906796 TI - Comparative physiology of the renal proximal tubule. AB - The comparative physiology of the renal proximal tubule (PT) is reviewed in the context of vertebrate evolution and vertebrate strategies of salt and water balance. Though extrarenal mechanisms of salt and water balance contribute importantly to extracellular fluid (ECF) homeostasis in the lower vertebrates, the kidney acquires these functions with evolutionary progress and becomes the dominant organ of ECF homeostasis in mammals. In acquiring the major responsibility over the ECF compartment the kidney favored filtration reabsorption as the preferred mechanism for the rapid turnover of ECF with the advantage of providing quick renal regulatory responses. In spite of this specialization the structure and function of the PT do not appear to have undergone major evolutionary changes. In present-day vertebrates the PT remains as an immensely diverse transport epithelium with impressive capacities for both reabsorptive and secretory work, as exemplified by the mammalian PT with mostly reabsorptive functions and the PT of aglomerular kidneys with mostly secretory functions. The recent evidence for NaCl and fluid secretion in the PT of, unexpectedly, glomerular kidneys is consistent with the functional diversity and the conservative nature of evolution in the case of the PT. PMID- 3906797 TI - The movement of solutes and water across the vertebrate distal nephron. AB - The similarity (or lack of) of mechanisms for ion and water transport across segments of the distal nephron of the various vertebrate classes is considered. Except for the reptilian distal nephron, the early distal nephrons from vertebrates of different classes appear to share certain morphological and functional characteristics. Among these are a relative impermeability of the tubule to water and the ability to preferentially reabsorb solute. This osmodilution of the luminal contents seems to be attributed to the presence of a sodium-chloride cotransport system located in the lumen membrane. The characteristics of solute and water transport of the late distal tubule are also considered. The available data suggest that there are striking similarities for the solute transport characteristics of the various vertebrate classes which have been studied. On the other hand, not all vertebrates appear to have developed the hydroosmotic response to antidiuretic hormone that has been observed in the mammals. PMID- 3906798 TI - Comparative aspects of the urinary concentrating process. AB - Only birds and mammals can produce urines that have higher osmolalities than their plasma. In both of these vertebrate groups this is accomplished through the operation of a countercurrent multiplier system although the details of the system may differ somewhat between the two groups. In most mammals the loop of Henle has a thin ascending limb of variable length. In birds, the loop of Henle does not have a thin ascending portion as the tubule epithelium always thickens before the hairpin turn. In mammals, both urea and sodium chloride contribute to the medullary interstitial osmotic gradient although the exact contribution of each osmolyte can vary in time and from species to species. In birds the interstitial osmotic gradient is made up almost entirely of sodium chloride. The development of the avian renal medulla (medullary cone) is very similar to the outer medulla of mammals. PMID- 3906799 TI - Renal excretion of nitrogenous compounds in vertebrates. AB - The renal excretion of nitrogenous compounds plays an important role not only in the elimination of nitrogen end-products but also in regulating the acid-base and osmotic balance of body fluids. The major nitrogenous compounds excreted by the vertebrate kidney are ammonia, urea and uric acid. The present review addresses the renal excretion of these compounds and, in addition, the amino acid taurine. The functions of excretion; the mechanisms of excretion including renal metabolism, renal handling (secretion, reabsorption, and filtration), and transepithelial transport processes; and the factors regulating these mechanisms are discussed. Renal nitrogen excretion among the vertebrate classes from fish to mammals is compared. PMID- 3906800 TI - Endocrine control of renal handling of solutes and water in vertebrates. AB - Hormones influence renal function by both extrarenal and intrarenal mechanisms. Extrarenal mechanisms include the effects through systemic hemodynamic and neural pathways, whereas intrarenal mechanisms can be largely divided into the effects on intrarenal hemodynamics and those on tubular transport epithelia. Neurohypophysial hormones and the renin-angiotensin system appear to act primarily on systemic and preglomerular vasculature in primitive vertebrates, while direct tubular action appears to have evolved at a later stage of phylogeny. Although aldosterone is an essential hormone for fluid mineral balance in mammals, the action of mineralocorticoids on tubular Na transport has not been established in nonmammalian tetrapods. In bony fishes in hyperosmotic environments, cortisol accelerates active Na extrusion from the gill. In contrast, prolactin is important for maintaining low osmotic water permeability of the transport epithelia in fishes in hypoosmotic media. Thus, both function and site of hormone action appear to have changed during the evolution of vertebrates interacting with changing environments, and in response to the demands from other bodily functions. Furthermore, evolution of interactions, at the cellular level, between systemic and locally formed hormones such as prostaglandins, kinins, and perhaps angiotensin may have developed more elaborate controlling systems of renal handling of solutes and water. PMID- 3906801 TI - Characteristics of a feline mammary carcinoma cell line. AB - The establishment of an epithelial cell line, JM, from a feline mammary adenocarcinoma is described. In vitro, the morphological and cultural properties of these cells, their surface features such as lectin binding and their response to hormones were ascertained. In vivo, they are tumorigenic in athymic nude mice inducing tumour nodules composed of epithelia-like cells. PMID- 3906803 TI - Comparison of the effect of continuous positive airway pressure and blowing bottles on functional residual capacity after abdominal surgery. AB - In two groups of comparable patients undergoing elective abdominal surgery, functional residual capacity (FRC) was measured preoperatively and on the first 2 days after surgery. One group was treated by regular application of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), the other group by bottle blowing (BB). In both groups there was a significant reduction of FRC on the first postoperative day. BB and CPAP increased FRC preoperatively by approximately 50%. Postoperative CPAP or BB increased FRC towards the preoperative value. However, 10 min after the treatment was stopped, FRC was not different from the pretreatment level. In 4 healthy subjects the resistive work of breathing produced by CPAP or BB was measured. Both treatments increased mainly expiratory and total resistive work of breathing. BB resulted in especially high expiratory and total resistive work. It is concluded that CPAP and BB increase temporarily the reduced FRC after abdominal surgery. CPAP was much better tolerated by the patients due to the lower resistive work of breathing. PMID- 3906802 TI - Temporal relationships and characterisation of extracellular proteases from benign and virulent strains of Bacteroides nodosus as detected in zymogram gels. AB - Extracellular proteases produced by Bacteroides nodosus in a peptone rich modified trypticase-arginine-serine broth medium were separated and characterised by relative mobility (Rf) in electrophoretic zymogram gels. One benign and two virulent protease banding patterns were established with isolates from sheep, cattle and goats. They correlated with other laboratory tests for virulence but were independent of serogroup. The electrophoretic zymogram method was unable to differentiate intermediate from virulent strains. The time required for the production of maximum levels and numbers of protease bands was four to five days for benign and five to six days for virulent B nodosus. Elevated temperatures (above 45 degrees C) and pH extremes (below pH 6 and above pH 9) modified the electrophoretic banding patterns. The molecular weights of the proteases ranged from 8000 to 43,000 daltons and the isoelectric points from pH 4.90 to 5.90. They are serine proteases and this property can be utilised in affinity purification of these molecules. PMID- 3906804 TI - Electroretinography and inherited macular dystrophies. AB - With judicious application, conventional electroretinographic recordings can provide meaningful diagnostic information on patients with hereditary macular dystrophies. In some patients, characteristic fundus lesions in addition to already known information on predictably normal electrophysiologic findings should obviate the need for implementation of electroretinographic investigations. In other macular dystrophies, such recordings are necessary for a definitive diagnosis or for monitoring photoreceptor cell deterioration. This review discusses six of the most frequently encountered inherited macular dystrophies with consideration as to when and why electroretinographic recordings should be implemented in the study of these disorders. PMID- 3906805 TI - [Theoretical analysis of flow limitation on the maximum expiratory flow volume curve]. PMID- 3906806 TI - [Determinants of bronchial hypersensitivity]. PMID- 3906807 TI - [Nutrition, blood supply, and energy metabolism in respiratory muscle--from the viewpoint of muscle fiber composition]. PMID- 3906808 TI - [Respiratory muscles related to sitting and supine positions]. PMID- 3906809 TI - [Diaphragm in the obese subjects]. PMID- 3906810 TI - [Respiratory muscle atrophy and rehabilitation]. PMID- 3906811 TI - Acute mountain sickness: critical appraisal of the Pariacaca story and on-site study. AB - The physiological and medical literature on the description of acute mountain sickness by Father Acosta in the Peruvian Andes shows many historical misconceptions and clinical misinterpretations. A recent paper by Gilbert (1983) not only contains these traditional misinterpretations but also adds geographical errors in the description of the area where Acosta described his sufferings. In view of these facts the authors have made a review of the old and modern writings on the so called Pariacaca story and during an on-site visit to the area of Pariacaca have taken actual measurements of distances, altitudes and geographical locations which they hope will put this story in the context of historical and scientific objectivity. PMID- 3906812 TI - Alteration of airway reactivity by mucus. AB - In 11 beagles with permanent tracheostomies we investigated whether mucus hypersecretion alters airway reactivity to inhaled aerosols. Mucus was collected from the dogs while awake by resting a cytology brush on the lower tracheal mucosa; the mucus collection rate was used as an index of mucus flux. Mucus linear velocity was determined under light sedation by bronchoscopically observing the rate of particle clearance in the trachea. Mucus depth was then computed from the flux and velocity. On a separate occasion, under pentobarbital anesthesia, methacholine aerosols (1 min duration) were given at 10 min intervals in doubling doses up to at least 2 mg/ml. Pulmonary resistance RL was determined prior to and 2 min after each dose. After a 1 h pause, methacholine was infused at a constant rate of 40 micrograms X kg-1 X min-1 for 10 min. This dose produced a plateau in RL after approximately 3 min; the mean rise in RL was similar to that achieved with the 2 mg/ml aerosol. The infusion response Rinf was defined as the change in RL 4-5 min post infusion; the aerosol response Raer was defined as the change in RL 2 min post 2 mg/ml aerosol. There was no significant correlation between Rinf and Raer, nor between either Rinf or Raer and mucus flux. There was, however, a strong positive association between Rinf/Raer and mucus flux and a similar positive association between Rinf/Raer and mucus depth. These associations indicate that dogs with elevated secretion levels are relatively unresponsive to aerosolized as opposed to infused methacholine. Thus, to the extent that infusion reactivity reflects innate airway reactivity, the reactivity to inhaled aerosol may underestimate the true value when mucus hypersecretion occurs. PMID- 3906813 TI - [Cloning of human leukocyte interferon cDNA and a strategy for its production in E. coli]. PMID- 3906814 TI - [Epidemiological application of the Cradock-Watson system for Proteus mirabilis. Comparative study with another system of bacteriocin typing]. PMID- 3906815 TI - [Hemolytic activity of Klebsiella pneumoniae on rabbit erythrocytes]. PMID- 3906816 TI - [From alcoholism to alcohology. Relations with internal medicine]. PMID- 3906817 TI - [Clinical applications of monoclonal antibodies]. PMID- 3906819 TI - [Is there any real progress in the chemotherapy of multiple myeloma?]. PMID- 3906818 TI - [Value and limitations of CA 19-9 in oncology]. PMID- 3906820 TI - [Clinical and scanning electron microscopy studies of pit and fissure sealants. Focus on Fissureseal]. PMID- 3906821 TI - [Acid-etching effects on ground primary enamel (I)]. PMID- 3906822 TI - [Continuity of the school of endocrinology in Iasi]. PMID- 3906823 TI - [Impact of alcohol on drug metabolism]. PMID- 3906824 TI - [Relational psychopathology and medico-legal thanatogenesis]. PMID- 3906825 TI - Relationship between the microfilarial migration and the changes of sleep stage with special reference to REM sleep. AB - Eleven subjects with filariasis were investigated for the relationship between the microfilarial migration and the changes of sleep stage with special reference to REM sleep. Tests on ten patients except one case revealed that the sleep of each case showed a highly consistent pattern from the viewpoint of the first night. Microfilariae were counted every hour and at each REM stage. From these data, the characteristic findings were observed as follows: 1) Microfilarial migration reached the maximum peak around midnight, showing a Poisson type distribution, even though, one case slept only 47 minutes throughout the night, having no REM sleep. 2) Suppression of microfilarial migration during REM sleep was noted in 72%, which was independent of the slow wave sleep. Finally, suppression of microfilarial migration during REM sleep is discussed from the point of view of Hawking's pendulum model and physiological phenomena of REM sleep. PMID- 3906826 TI - [Lasers in digestive endoscopy]. PMID- 3906827 TI - [Special methods in artificial ventilation]. PMID- 3906828 TI - [Brief history of respiratory resuscitation]. PMID- 3906830 TI - [Epistaxis]. PMID- 3906829 TI - Preseason physical examination for the prevention of sports injuries. AB - The importance of the preseason physical examination and preparticipation evaluation of sports candidates is highlighted because it constitutes one of the few occasions in which the physician can actively prevent sports injuries from occurring. As exercise participation continues to increase on a world-wide basis, an understanding of the goals and objectives of such a pre-exercise evaluation are important. The need is not for a standard evaluation form, but for a consistent understanding of adjusting the evaluation to the age of the candidate, the type of sport to be engaged in and the anticipated level of competition. Essentials of any evaluation are musculoskeletal, cardiovascular and psychological examinations. Examinations should have clearly defined objectives, and factors determining the type of evaluation include: prospective athlete; contemplated exercise programme; and motivation. Different types of implementation are individual examinations, locker room technique and the station technique, each with advantages and disadvantages. A pre-exercise evaluation should always occur before any anticipated change in level of school or competition with an interval or intercurrent history and physical examinations occurring at regular intervals. It is important that examinations take place before the commencement of a sports season so previous injuries and problems can be dealt with; timing is vital. Contents of a pre-exercise physical examination should include history, a physical examination, laboratory testing and additional specific screening evaluations. Finally, assessment of the pre-exercise evaluation and injury prediction will aid physicians in preparticipation evaluations. PMID- 3906831 TI - The humoral immune response to chlamydial infection in humans. AB - The serodiagnostic methods commonly used for the detection of antibodies in various chlamydial infections, the value of serodiagnosis, and the role of humoral responses in human immunity are reviewed. The methods most commonly used for serodiagnosis of chlamydial infections are indirect immunofluorescence tests and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. These tests are highly sensitive and have been extensively used in epidemiologic and clinical studies of chlamydial infections. The evidence suggests that these tests are cost effective for population screening and that the presence of a high level of specific IgG or IgM in blood or of IgG or IgA in local discharges is a useful indicator for the provisional diagnosis of chlamydial infection. PMID- 3906833 TI - [Immobilization with a bonded splint]. PMID- 3906832 TI - Application of immunoassay methods in the serodiagnosis of human filariasis. AB - To be more definitive as a serodiagnostic method, an ideal immunoassay for detection of filaria-specific antibody and filarial antigens in body fluids should identify active filarial infection and differentiate between past and present infection. It should perform well in the areas of precision, reproducibility, parallelism, and sensitivity and should use reference and quality control reagents prepared with human body fluids that contain defined amounts of filarial antigen. Moreover, a sufficient quantity of reference serum in stable form should be made available to permit interlaboratory cross standardization. Difficulty with uniform radiolabeling of filarial antigen extracts and the interference of human antibody have combined to eliminate the competitive-binding immunoassay as a useful method. Of the noncompetitive methods evaluated, the immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) and its nonisotopic counterpart, the immunoenzymetric assay (IEMA), perform best. As a factor masking diagnostically important antigenic determinants, the variable amount of human antibody in blood interfered with all assay designs tested. Better characterization of the antigen(s) circulating in the blood or excreted into the urine of infected individuals will improve assay specificity and sensitivity and will facilitate the preparation of antibody probes more specifically targeted to filarial antigens for use in both the IRMA and IEMA. PMID- 3906834 TI - [Anchorage in the transverse plane in edgewise therapy]. PMID- 3906835 TI - [The nurse-patient therapeutic relationship and therapeutic communication]. PMID- 3906836 TI - [Research priority in nursing]. PMID- 3906837 TI - [Ethical and legal aspects of research in nursing]. PMID- 3906838 TI - [Cleanliness and disinfection in the contaminated operating room]. PMID- 3906839 TI - [Practical model for controlling insulin use at home: a monthly calendar]. PMID- 3906840 TI - Time-saving technique for the partials department. PMID- 3906841 TI - Overdentures and magnets in dentistry. PMID- 3906842 TI - Fabricating porcelain facings using Whip Mix V.H.T. investment, a laboratory procedure. PMID- 3906843 TI - Shade taking: should you say "No" to your dentist customer? PMID- 3906845 TI - Morphofunctional investigations on spontaneous pituitary tumors in Wistar rats. AB - Adenoma of the pituitary gland represents one of the commonest spontaneous tumors in strains of laboratory rats. In a retrospective survey of pituitary glands from 2165 albino Wistar rats, the total number of pituitary adenomas was 501, representing an overall incidence of 23% with females showing a higher incidence (32%) than males (13%). Pituitary adenoma was rare from 6-52 weeks of age and accounted for only 0.2% of the total incidence. The first pituitary tumors in this series were observed at 32 weeks in 2 female rats and at 40 weeks in a male rat. From 52-85 weeks of age, incidence remained low, and then increased progressively in animals that died from 85-110 weeks of age. In a series of 200 Wistar rats, detailed evaluation was completed for neoplastic and hyperplastic lesions of the pituitary gland. The immunocytochemical characteristics of the pituitary adenoma were investigated using markers for prolactin, growth hormone, and thyrotropic hormone. Positive immunoperoxidase staining revealed an incidence of 59% prolactinomas in both male and female rats. Forty-one percent of pituitary adenomas did not stain for prolactin, thyrotropic, or growth hormone and showed no specific morphologic differences from prolactinomas. The application of immunoperoxidase-staining techniques offers a useful tool for characterizing secretory activity of pituitary adenomas and evaluating histopathologic changes of the pituitary gland. PMID- 3906846 TI - [Diagnosis of Arnold-Chiari deformity in the newborn infant]. AB - Meningomyelocele patients with Arnold-Chiari deformity type II have a great number of complex malformations of the brain that can be diagnosed quickly, safely and--last but not least--at low cost via sonography. Follow-up or control examinations of the changing ventricle size before and after shunt operation can be repeated any number of times without radiation exposure. Determination of the circumference of the head does not seem to be very helpful in deciding whether a ventricular enlargement makes shunting imperative or not. Prognostically of greater value seems to be the determination of the angle between the clivus and the fourth ventricle, values around 40 degrees (SD 35 degrees-46 degrees) being normal, whereas angles around 30 degrees are indicative of growing hydrocephalus. PMID- 3906844 TI - Joint damage in rheumatoid arthritis: radiological assessments and the effects of anti-rheumatic drugs. AB - Joint damage is a major problem in the long-term course of rheumatoid arthritis. It is usually assessed radiologically. In this review the methods of measuring the radiological changes are outlined, and the effects of anti-rheumatic drugs on radiological progression summarised. Two methods of scoring radiographs have become standard techniques; these are the Sharp index and the Larsen index. They both concentrate on cartilage loss and erosive damage in the hands and wrists. Investigations of the effects of drugs upon the radiological progression of rheumatoid arthritis include: indirect studies evaluating the inter-relationships between clinical, laboratory and radiological variables; placebo-controlled studies of slow-acting drugs and similarly controlled studies without a placebo group; open studies evaluating the long-term effects of treatment of slow-acting drugs. Only slow-acting drugs such as gold have been persistently considered to have a possible effect on reducing radiological progression. Unfortunately the therapeutic studies use a wide range of different radiological assessment techniques, and the incomparability is therefore difficult. None of the studies give a good indication that there is a marked reduction in joint damage by slow acting drugs. On balance studies do suggest minor effects on the process of progression. Instead of debating how strong the evidence of such minor effect really is, it is concluded that rheumatologists should look towards novel therapeutic approaches to induce a major reduction in the rate of damage. PMID- 3906847 TI - [The use of sonography in the diagnosis of pathological changes in the mouth floor and tongue region]. AB - The application of real-time sonography in the area of the tongue and floor of the mouth is described. Its value is examined by a sonographic-surgical correlation of 40 examinations. In 38 cases, the sonographic findings correlated well with the clinical picture, as well as with the intraoperative and pathologic findings. Ultrasound seems to be a practicable imaging method, especially with malignant infiltration of the tongue. PMID- 3906848 TI - [Diagnostic approach in tumor patients with non-specific upper abdominal complaints]. AB - The authors demonstrate on the basis of several observations of perigastric space occupying growths in malignoma patients that x-ray examination of the stomach via mucosa and double-contrast imaging yields results of greatest diagnostic value in non-specific upper abdominal complaints. Supplementary diagnostic tools--but by no means competing methods--are often supplied by computed tomography and sonography. In case of extensive infiltration of the gastric wall, gastroscopy is indicated as an additional means to obtain confirmation by biopsy. PMID- 3906849 TI - Concentration of sodium hyaluronate in serum. AB - A radioassay for sodium hyaluronate using high-affinity binding protein from bovine cartilage has been modified for serum analysis. The accuracy of the method was checked by isotope dilution experiments and by recovery studies with exogenous hyaluronate. The between-assay standard deviation in the determination is 15-20%. The concentration of sodium hyaluronate in healthy adults (blood donors) is in the range of 10 to 100 micrograms/l with a mean value in the order of 30 to 40 micrograms/l. This is a lower concentration than previously reported. The same level was found in young people. Higher hyaluronate concentrations were noted in persons above 50 years of age. Analysis of plasma showed a slightly higher average hyaluronate level (5%) than in serum from the same persons. There were no notable sex differences. Analysis of serum and plasma from adult animals (rat, rabbit, dog, pig, goat, sheep, cow and horse) gave hyaluronate concentrations of the same order or higher than in human serum. PMID- 3906850 TI - Assessment of initial hexose uptake in adipocytes using the physiological substrate D-glucose. Particular relevance to human adipocytes. AB - The characteristics of U-[14C]D-glucose uptake into human and rat adipocytes have been examined. The initial rates of U-[14C]D-glucose uptake were found to be linear during the first 30 s, both basally and with maximum insulin stimulation. Phloretin was shown to be effective in stopping glucose flux for human adipocytes, although rapid separation of cells from medium was found to be necessary for accurate measurement of initial rate of glucose uptake into rat adipocytes. The pH and temperature dependency of U-[14C]D-glucose uptake were found to be similar to those reported for 3-0-methylglucose. The use of U-[14C]D glucose for assessment of initial rate of glucose uptake into human adipocytes provides results directly relevant to D-glucose metabolism, in addition to being technically less demanding and much less expensive than methods using the non physiological sugar analogue 3-0-[14C]methylglucose. PMID- 3906851 TI - C-peptide determination in the choice of treatment in diabetes mellitus. AB - The predictive value of the intravenous glucagon test in assessing the requirement of insulin therapy in diabetes mellitus was evaluated in 105 adult diabetics. Basal and stimulated C-peptide concentrations and increments of C peptide concentration were examined separately among newly and previously diagnosed diabetics. The poststimulatory C-peptide concentration of 0.6 nmol/l (Novo, antibody M 1230) proved to be the most reliable basis for the choice of therapy. Adequate therapy could have been assessed in 70 cases (67%) without glucagon stimulation. To derive maximal information of plasma C-peptide concentrations, a biphasic scheme of the use for C-peptide determinations and glucagon stimulation is presented. Basal and stimulated C-peptide levels of insulin-requiring diabetics correlated negatively with the duration of diabetes but they did not correlate with the relative body weights. Basal and stimulated C peptide levels of non-insulin-requiring diabetics did not correlate with the duration of diabetes, but they correlated positively with the relative body weights. PMID- 3906852 TI - Effect of hypothermic renal ischaemia on renin secretion rate in man. AB - Plasma renin concentration (PRC), renal blood flow (RBF) and renin secretion rate (RSR = renal veno-arterial PRC difference multiplied by renal plasma flow) were measured before and after a period of hypothermic renal ischaemia in seven patients undergoing surgery for renal calculi. After hypothermic (10-15 degrees C) ischaemia (duration 36 to 71 min) the temperature rose to 37 degrees C within 4 min, while RSR decreased transiently in the posthypothermic postocclusive period. Maximal decrease in RSR (-65%) was found 6 min after re-establishment of the renal perfusion, and 30 min later RSR was similar to the prehypothermic, preocclusive value. RBF decreased in the same period, while mean arterial blood pressure and renal oxygen uptake were unchanged. The results are compatible with a reversible depression of the release of renin in the postocclusive, posthypothermic human kidney. PMID- 3906853 TI - Mycobacterium leprae-induced alterations in macrophage Fc receptor expression and monocyte-lymphocyte interaction in familial contacts of leprosy patients. AB - Macrophage Fc receptor expression and monocyte-lymphocyte interaction in the presence of Mycobacterium leprae were examined in familial contacts of leprosy patients. Defective M phi functions similar to those of borderline and lepromatous patients could be observed in approximately 71% of consanguineous contacts and 43% of spouses of index patients. Although the values in the latter group were markedly lower than those of the consanguineous contacts, they tended to be higher than those of normal individuals (20%). These in vitro M phi functions were independent of age, sex, and age at onset of exposure and were only weakly associated with duration of exposure. The outcome of the monocyte lymphocyte interaction test paralleled to a large extent the in vivo Mitsuda lepromin response. Four contacts with defective M phi functions also showed signs of leprosy. The value of these in vitro tests as markers of 'susceptibility' could therefore prove significant. PMID- 3906854 TI - The classification and identification of the anaerobic gram-positive cocci. AB - The Approved Lists of Bacterial Names (1980) includes the following Peptococcus and Peptostreptococcus species pathogenic for man: Peptococcus magnus, P. prevotii, P. asaccharolyticus, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius, P. micros and P. productus. A presumptive identification of these species can be made on the basis of cellular morphology, susceptibility to novobiocin, characterization of metabolic end products, fermentation of glucose and lactose, and production of indol. Capnophilic and microaerophilic streptococci are characterized by their production of lactic acid from glucose. PMID- 3906855 TI - Bacterial interactions. AB - Bacterial interactions are important both in the formation of polymicrobial abscesses and in the control of the balance of the natural human floras. Investigations of the mechanisms controlling normal flora might be based on gnotobiology, but most of the conclusions are at present obtained indirectly by observations of the flora composition. One example is the typical bifid flora observed during breast-feeding. We studied changes in this following the introduction of bottle-feeding. PMID- 3906856 TI - Pathogenesis and diagnosis of clostridium difficile enterocolitis. AB - Antibiotic associated Clostridium difficile enterocolitis is an infectious disease with symptoms ranging from self-limiting diarrhoea to severe colitis with bloody stools and formation of pseudomembranes. The carrier rate of C. difficile in a general Swedish population was found to be low (2%; 11/594). In patients with acute diarrhoea unrelated to antibiotics the bacterium or its toxin was found in 3% (12/398). In patients with diarrhoea associated with antibiotics C. difficile or its toxin was demonstrated in 18% (873/4 793) during 1980-1982. Local outbreaks reported recently from different hospital wards in Sweden suggest that nosocomial spread of C. difficile takes place among patients on antibiotic treatment. Immunochemical fingerprinting of the isolates from one outbreak showed that one specific strain of C. difficile had spread among the patients in one hospital ward. C. difficile produces at least 2 toxins: a cytotoxin currently used in the diagnosis of C. difficile enterocolitis, and an enterotoxin. A "sandwich" enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used for the detection of enterotoxin in stool specimens. The enterotoxin was demonstrated in 80% (57/71) of patients with cytotoxin in stools. In an additional 5 patients with colitis the immunoassay was positive while the cytotoxin assay remained negative. An immunoassay demonstrating circulating antibodies to C. difficile toxins seemed to be positive in about half of the patients with verified C. difficile infection. It was notable that most patients suffering from repeated episodes of colitis did not develop an antibody response until after final recovery. PMID- 3906857 TI - The classification and differentiation of the anaerobic gram-negative rods. AB - Within the family Bacteroidaceae differentiation of the genera Leptotrichia, Fusobacterium and Bacteroides still depends largely on the accumulation of certain fermentation products. The application of newer techniques, both genetical and chemical is leading to a reappraisal of the current classification. So far attention has focussed on the genus Bacteroides and has been concerned with the status of B. fragilis and related organisms and the description of a number of new species within the B. ruminicola/oralis group. The differentiation of pigment-producing strains, all known originally as B. melaninogenicus, has led to the establishment of at least 9 species. The transfer of certain Bacteroides species to new genera is also being considered. PMID- 3906858 TI - Intrinsic tendon healing. A new experimental model. AB - A new experimental model was developed to study intrinsic flexor tendon healing in vivo. Segment of flexor tendons from the synovial sheath region of rabbits' forepaw were cut, resutured and placed in a silicone tube, sealed in both ends with a GORE-TEX pericardial patch (pore-size less than 1 micron), fastened with silicone glue. The chamber was left subcutaneously in the back of rabbits for six weeks. At this time the chamber was filled with clear tissue fluid. Histologically and ultrastructurally the tendon demonstrated fibroplasia with cell proliferation and collagen synthesis in spite of the fact that no extrinsic cells could gain entrance into the chamber--a finding supporting the concept of intrinsic healing. PMID- 3906859 TI - Nasomaxillary hypoplasia--Binder's syndrome. Morphology and treatment of two separate varieties. AB - Two varieties of nasomaxillary dysplasia are presented in 13 patients; one with a nose of normal length and another with a short nose. Several cephalometric and soft tissue differences and similarities are found between these groups. Orthodontic treatment of the malocclusion and nasal reconstruction with an L shaped iliac bone graft composed of two pegs is the treatment of choice. In the short nose variety, the tight nasal mucosa has to be lengthened with an auricular composite graft. PMID- 3906860 TI - Experience with transplantation of composite tissues by means of microsurgical vascular anastomoses. I. Indications, techniques and early results. AB - The clinical experience with 65 transplantations of composite tissues by means of microsurgical vascular anastomoses is reported with emphasis on indications, operative techniques, vascular complications and soft tissue healing. Donor tissues, comprising 28 latissimus dorsi flaps, 20 groin flaps, 2 saphenous flaps, 4 fibular flaps, 9 dorsalis pedis artery flaps and 2 second toes, were transplanted to recipient sites in the head and neck area (18), upper extremity (8), torso (2) and lower extremity (37) in sixty-two patients with defects caused by traumata (45), tumor excisions (16) or congenital malformations (1) in which on average 3 therapeutic attempts had been unsuccessful. The reconstruction failed in 3/65 (5%) cases due to vascular thrombosis at the anastomotic sites. Early circulatory impairment (less than 1 week postoperatively) in the transplanted tissues was seen in 16/65 (25%) cases, thirteen of which were successfully managed by evacuation of a haematoma (9) and/or by resection of the anastomotic site and reconstruction of vascular continuity (5). Late circulatory impairment (greater than 1 week postoperatively) secondary to local infection was seen on 2 occasions and resulted in total loss of one flap. In one case persistent posttraumatic ostitis resulted in partial loss of a flap necessitating further reconstructive attempts. Altogether the reconstructive attempt failed in the early postoperative period (less than 3 months) in 5 cases (8%). It is concluded, that difficult reconstructive problems may be solved in a single stage using microsurgical composite tissue transplantation in patients who otherwise would have faced prolonged multistaged reconstructions and/or major limb amputations. Microsurgical composite tissue transplantation has widened the possibilities of reconstructive surgery and seems to be a reliable method, at least as safe as conventional reconstructive flap procedures. PMID- 3906862 TI - Bilateral orbital floor fractures. AB - Nineteen patients operated on suspicion of bilateral orbital floor fractures are described. All of the patients had severe comminute midfacial fractures. Orbital floor deficiency requiring transplantation was found in 68% of the cases, demonstrating homolateral maxillary and zygomatic fractures. On the basis of their findings, the authors recommend acute reposition of the fractures and routine exploration of the orbital floor in the case of deficiencies requiring transplantation and in cases of homolateral combined maxillary and zygomatic fractures. PMID- 3906861 TI - Experience with transplantation of composite tissues by means of microsurgical vascular anastomoses. II. Late results and comments. AB - In a series of 65 composite tissue transplantations the results were evaluated 6 68 (median 28) months postoperatively. The donor tissues, comprising skin flaps (7), neurovascular skin flaps (2), musculocutaneous flaps (26), tendinocutaneous flaps (2), muscle flaps (2), osteocutaneous flaps (18), bone grafts (6), and digits (2), were transplanted to recipient sites in the head and neck area (18), upper extremity (8), torso (2) and lower extremity (37) in sixty-two patients with defects caused by traumata (45), tumor excisions (16) or congenital malformations (1) in which on average 3 therapeutic attempts had been unsuccessful. In 5 cases the reconstruction failed within the first two postoperative weeks while the reconstructed part was included in lower extremity amputations 6-24 months postoperatively in 3 cases. The intended purpose was achieved in 27/34 cases of soft tissue reconstruction, 3/3 cases of combined tendon and skin repair, 18/19 cases of combined skin coverage and bone reconstruction, 4/5 cases of segmental bone reconstruction, 2/2 cases of thumb reconstruction and in 2/2 cases of facial reanimation. In 21 cases of 37 lower extremity reconstructions a major amputation would have been the alternative. Four of these patients were in fact amputated above the knee (1) or below the knee (3). Altogether, the reconstructions were successful in 56/65 (= 86%) cases. It is concluded that difficult reconstructive problems, especially those related to head and neck surgery, orthopaedic surgery and hand surgery may be amenable to successful reconstruction using microsurgical composite tissue transplants with an expected success rate averaging 9 out of 10 cases. PMID- 3906863 TI - Fine needle aspiration cytology in the diagnosis of solid renal and adrenal masses. AB - In the eight-year period 1977-1984, 83 renal and adrenal mass lesions which were not clearly simple cysts by ultrasonographic examination (US) were investigated by percutaneous fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy. Initially, biopsy was often guided by fluoroscopy, later US was by far the most commonly used modality. There were 77 renal and 6 adrenal masses; 69 lesions were malignant and 14 were benign. A positive cytological diagnosis of malignancy was given in 62 cases, a diagnostic sensitivity of 90%. One false positive diagnosis occurred, an angiomyolipoma was misinterpreted as a low grade renal cell tumour. One significant complication was recorded, post biopsy haemorrhage into a large, extensively necrotic renal adenocarcinoma causing severe pain. The place of FNA in the preoperative investigation of solid renal tumours is discussed on the basis of this experience and results reported in the literature. PMID- 3906864 TI - Recovery of kidney function after cessation of graft function or prolonged dialysis treatment. AB - The occurrence of recovery of kidney function after cessation of graft function or prolonged dialysis treatment has been studied retrospectively, and the frequency was found to be roughly 1%, inasmuch as 8 of approximately 750 patients could dispense with dialysis after 10-131 weeks of treatment. The causes of recovery of kidney function are discussed, as the importance of keeping this possibility in mind. PMID- 3906865 TI - Aseptic necrosis of the femoral head following renal transplantation. AB - The occurrence of aseptic hip necrosis was investigated in 546 renal transplant patients (639 transplants) with graft survival for a minimum of 12 months. Aseptic hip necrosis developed in 39 hips in 29 patients (5.3%) from 3 to 121 months (mean 22 months) after the renal transplantation. There was no sex-related difference in incidence of hip necrosis. The complication was significantly more common among patients younger than 20 than among those older than 40 years. The development of hip necrosis did not correlate with type of renal disease, origin of graft (cadaver of living relative donor), side of transplant or length of dialysis treatment. The number of transplantations per patient did not influence the occurrence of hip necrosis. Analyses of serum concentrations of creatinine, calcium, phosphorus and parathormone before and at different periods after transplantation revealed no patterns predictive of hip necrosis. The pathogenesis of aseptic necrosis of the femoral head obviously is multifactorial. PMID- 3906867 TI - Air contamination exposure measurements of organic solvents--past and present. AB - The increase in industrial development and advanced manufacturing processes has lead to a comparative increase in the use of solvents for cleaning and maintenance and in their use as constituents of certain manufactured products and for various other purposes. The strategy and methodology for the sampling and analysis of solvents have developed drastically during the last two decades. The introduction of solid sorbents has allowed the use of tubes and badges, which have promoted personal sampling. The performance of pumps (for active sampling) has increased, and the weight of pumps has decreased. Passive sampling is still under study to establish its advantages and limitations but has already shown to be very useful in many situations. Stationary sampling finds its application in control effectiveness assessments or in circumstances where personal sampling is not feasible. Gas chromatography is certainly one of the most frequently used methods for analyzing solvents. There are however many other analytical methods available, but they have to be selected according to the species considered and to many other factors, such as the purpose of the measurements, the available instrumentation, the field characteristics, etc. The rapid growth of microcomputers and the improvement in miniaturization have favored the development of direct-reading instruments of all kinds. These instruments may be very helpful to the industrial hygienist since they give a quick response, but their apparent simplicity may lead to their misuse. PMID- 3906866 TI - Biotransformation of halogenated solvents. AB - The toxicity of most halogenated solvents is associated with their biotransformation. The bioactivation can be due to the formation of stable, toxic metabolites or the formation of reactive, electrophilic intermediates. The paper summarizes present knowledge on the biotransformation of several halogenated compounds, ie, methyl halides, methylene halides, haloforms, carbon tetrachloride, chlorinated ethanes, and chlorinated alkenes. Some of the relevant enzymatic metabolic reactions are also discussed. PMID- 3906868 TI - Biological monitoring of workers exposed to organic solvents--past and present. AB - The development of biological monitoring for persons exposed to organic solvents is described. The advantages of this supervision strategy, as well as the reservation against it, are discussed. With the target organs of organic solvents, matrices and parameters for biological monitoring taken into consideration, the following recommendations can be given: the determination of solvent level in blood or alveolar air as a substitute is obligatory for the biological monitoring of organic solvents (the toxic stress of the target organ- the brain--is reflected this way); metabolites have to be determined also when they or their predecessors impair other organs. The discussion of chemical analysis, interference and influencing factors, as well as biological limit values, leads to suggestions of how to interpret the results of biological monitoring. Beyond the estimation of the health risk of the individual worker, the results also have to be interpreted on a group basis. Only in this way can all information on biological monitoring be used to the advantage of prevention. In summary, today biological monitoring is possible for most of the organic solvents. Estimation of health risk in the case of simultaneous exposure to several solvents is still not possible. Parameters measuring toxic strain must be established. The various social groups have to be convinced of the advantages of biological monitoring. PMID- 3906869 TI - Organic solvent neurotoxicity. Facts and research needs. AB - While many organic solvents are, in large doses, capable of inducing an acute, reversible narcotic state, few unequivocally induce chronic, long-lasting, or irreversible changes in nervous system structure and/or function. For organic solvents with proved neurotoxic properties, the type of neurological damage is closely related to the structure of the chemical agent, while the degree of impairment and the extent of reversibility are related to the potency, dose, and duration of exposure. Examples include solvents containing n-hexane or methyl n butyl ketone, which have caused many cases of occupational neuropathy. Chronic inhalation abuse of pure toluene produces irreversible cerebellar, brainstem, and pyramidal-tract dysfunction, but comparable changes have not been found in solvent workers occupationally exposed to toluene. Ototoxicity is found in experimental animals exposed to toluene, xylene, or styrene. Impure trichloroethylene has a predilection for damaging the trigeminal nerve; dichloroacetylene, a breakdown product of trichloroethylene, is probably responsible for this neurotoxic property. Prolonged occupational exposure to mixed solvents, notably white spirit, has been reported to induce a mild, nonprogressive dementing illness with or without peripheral nerve dysfunction, but supporting data from neuropathological and experimental animal studies are lacking. Many other solvents have been reported to induce adverse effects in workers. The pivotal biological role of the nervous system and its vulnerability to selected organic solvents widely used in industry underline the urgent need for further clinical and experimental research on this problem. PMID- 3906870 TI - Use of behavioral performance tests in the assessment of solvent toxicity. AB - Common to all applications of psychometric techniques in toxicologic research is the assessment of behavioral performance changes which can be regarded as manifestations of the neurotoxic effect of the compound under study. Ever since the use of psychometric techniques made it possible to link together deterioration of behavioral performance in humans and the inhalation of solvent vapor, psychometric tests or batteries of tests have been widely and successfully used in the study of solvent toxicity. In fact, most of the evidence showing that low-dose exposure to industrial solvents can exert a depressant action on the nervous system has been obtained with psychometric tests. The present paper provides a short review of the main results obtained by the application of behavioral performance tests in the study of solvent toxicity. The studies reviewed are divided among experimental laboratory investigations, quasi experimental field studies, epidemiologic studies, and studies using data from clinical investigations. The paper also provides a discussion of the applicability of psychometric techniques to the different questions at issue in the study of the effects of solvent exposure on the nervous system. Special attention is focused upon the interpretation of behavioral performance changes with regard to factors associated with the type of test used, the condition under which the tests are performed, the subjects' characteristics, and the study design. PMID- 3906871 TI - Toxicokinetics of organic solvents. AB - Organic solvents, because of their small molecules and large solubility in fat, water, or both, are expected to be readily absorbed through the skin or by inhalation. Toxicokinetic models (empirical, pharmacokinetic, and simulation) are used to describe the time course of their absorption and elimination. Special attention is given in this review to simulation models in which rate constants are derived from physiological parameters of the exposed subject (alveolar ventilation, tissue perfusion, body build) and from physicochemical properties of the inhaled chemical (partition coefficient, metabolic clearance). Such a simulation model is used to gain insight into the uptake, distribution, and elimination of inhaled vapors of organic solvents. Large differences between kinetic patterns of hydrophobic and hydrophilic solvents are indicated by the effects of biosolubility, metabolic clearance, changes in physiological parameters, exposure duration, and concentration fluctuation on the uptake, distribution, and elimination of solvents. Because kinetics is the basis for interindividual and intraindividual differences in pulmonary uptake and bioavailability and in the development of toxic effects, simulation models have practical application in the biological exposure monitoring and medical surveillance of exposed workers. PMID- 3906872 TI - Mutagenicity of selected organic solvents. AB - For certain organic solvents, such as benzene, vinyl chloride, styrene, technical grade trichloroethylene, and acrylonitrile, the available studies provide convincing evidence to demonstrate activity in short-term genetic assays. For a few solvents, such as phenol, vinyl toluene, ethanol, and tetrachloroethylene, the evidence is limited to a certain test system and/or test organism. For most of the solvents reviewed, studies are either lacking or they are so inadequate that no final evaluation on the mutagenic activity of the solvents can be made. PMID- 3906873 TI - Kidney disorders and hematotoxicity from organic solvent exposure. AB - Short-term exposure to certain solvents, such as several halogenated hydrocarbons, petroleum distillates, ethylene glycol, ethylene glycol ethers, and diethylene glycol, may cause renal tubular necrosis. Tubular lesions with metabolic acidosis have been reported in addicts inhaling solvent vapor (eg, toluene). A Goodpasture's syndrome may be induced by acute or subacute exposure to solvents, but its incidence is rare. No adequate proof is yet available that repeated exposure to nonsubstituted organic solvents may lead to the development of different types of chronic glomerulonephritis, but the available epidemiologic data are suggestive of the existence of such an association. Only a few solvents have been reported to act on the hematopoietic system of humans. The hematotoxicity (aplastic anemia, leukemia) of benzene is well established. Some ethylene glycol ethers are also toxic to bone marrow. PMID- 3906874 TI - [Noninvasive examination methods in the evaluation of pulmonary hypertension]. AB - The presence of primary or secondary pulmonary hypertension is associated with poor prognosis. Therefore, early diagnosis of this affection is necessary and explains the rapid development of many non-invasive techniques in recent years. Unfortunately, none of these techniques seems to be sensitive and specific enough for the early detection and follow-up of pulmonary hypertension. The development of new non-invasive techniques, such as those associating echocardiography and Doppler effect, and certain radionuclide techniques, may in future allow better non-invasive quantification of pulmonary hypertension. However, these techniques will have to be prospectively tested in patients with pulmonary hypertension of varying origin to determine their clinical value. PMID- 3906875 TI - [Which is the best drug combination for the short-term therapy of tuberculosis? A prospective randomized study with 190 patients]. AB - 190 patients with positive cultures for M. tuberculosis were treated in the initial phase as inpatients for 2-3 months at random with either pyrazinamide (Z) or ethambutol (E) in combination with isoniazid (H) and rifampicin (R). In the continuation phase as out-patients they were treated by their family doctor for a further seven months with a new randomization using either R or E combined with H. Regular controls of drug intake using urine test strips were 97% positive. The patients treated with Z showed a tendency to more rapid conversion to negative cultures despite the significantly shorter duration of initial-phase treatment. During the average observation period of 33 months after commencing therapy there were five relapses (without development of drug resistance). The distribution over the four patient groups did not allow statistical conclusions to be drawn. All of the relapses occurred during the first year after the treatment ended. All relapsing patients showed an unusually long delay (108 days) before the tuberculosis cultures proved negative, in comparison with only 48 days in all patients. The relapse rate of 3.6% equals comparable controlled studies in the literature of the last four years, in which patients were initially hospitalized for two months or received medication under direct supervision as out-patients. The family doctors treated their patients on average for ten months instead of the nine months recommended in the treatment scheme ("doctor's compliance"). This seems to be a direct consequence of the earlier recommendations in favour of a longer duration of treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3906876 TI - [Prevalence of bronchial hyperreactivity in a healthy adult population. Preliminary results of a survey]. AB - 157 healthy new employees of Lausanne University Hospital volunteered for a bronchial provocation test with methacholine. Fifty (32%) reacted with bronchial obstruction. The symptomatic non-smokers without respiratory or allergic history, and without bronchial obstruction at the initial examination, were the least reactive (8 cases in 52), whereas smokers, subjects with a bronchial obstruction and those with a prior history of respiratory or allergic disease reacted more frequently (42 among 105). The most important factor in the setting of the level of bronchial reactivity seems to be the presence of a bronchial obstruction (21 cases among 35). PMID- 3906877 TI - [Cerebral embolism of cardiac origin: when to anticoagulate?]. AB - In order to decide if i.v. anticoagulation with heparin is indicated in patients with a cerebral infarct from cardiac embolism, the risks of anticoagulant-induced bleeding into the ischemic area must be compared with the risks of embolic recurrence without anticoagulant therapy. Although methodologically imperfect, some studies have reported findings which may help to decide whether to anticoagulate or not. Some risk factors for intracerebral hematoma within the infarct, the most severe complication of anticoagulation, can be identified. The potential benefits also depend upon our ability to establish that a cerebral infarct is in fact due to an embolism from the heart, which is not always possible in the present state of knowledge. PMID- 3906878 TI - [Determination of circulating immune complexes and their significance for diagnosis and therapy]. AB - 15 years' experience in large scale search for immune complexes has revealed abnormally high levels of such complexes in a wide variety of inflammatory diseases. The original hope of using immune complex detection for improved diagnosis has somewhat waned, but a new impetus in complex detection has been given by the increasing precision with which we can detect the antigens within the complexes: such techniques as gel electrophoresis and Western blotting will, once made easier for the routine clinical laboratory, foster further search for pathogenetic immune complexes. In addition, study of immune complex-receptor systems such as complement, macrophages and lymphocytes helps to explain the way complexes are handled by these components of the immune system and raises the question whether the difficulty of eliminating pathogenic antigens of bacterial, viral or autoimmune nature through immune complex formation in fact is not a defect in antibody formation but rather a defect in clearing the opsonized antigen from circulation. Investigators who read English are referred to a similar text by the same author (Immunology Today 6, 80-82 [1985]. PMID- 3906879 TI - [Cystic liver]. AB - Diagnostic workup of progressive upper abdominal pain in patients with polycystic kidney disease may lead to the diagnosis of simultaneous polycystic liver disease. Whereas untreated advanced polycystic kidney disease leads to terminal organ failure, symptoms of polycystic liver are mainly due to local mechanical effects. Impairment of liver function is rare. Polycystic liver and kidneys are an autosomal dominant hereditary disease with variable penetrance. The etiology, clinical aspects, and diagnostic and therapeutic procedures are discussed and illustrated on the basis of three clinical cases and a review of the literature. PMID- 3906880 TI - [Acute abdomen with irreversible shock, a rare but typical complication of hemochromatosis]. AB - Acute abdomen, irreversible shock and sudden death are a typical although infrequent complication in patients with hemochromatosis. The author presents a further case of this syndrome and discusses the two leading pathogenetic interpretations described in the literature: sudden release of ferritin, and endotoxin shock. Clinical and post-mortem findings from this patient and a review of 19 cases from the literature suggest that most patients with this syndrome die from a primary bacterial peritonitis with gram negative sepsis and endotoxin shock. PMID- 3906882 TI - [Caries theories in the course of time]. PMID- 3906881 TI - [Preservation of temporomandibular joint continuity and application of full-core titanium screws in the bridging of lower jaw defects]. PMID- 3906883 TI - [Biology of the implant as foreign body]. PMID- 3906884 TI - [Periodontal problems with the implant abutment]. PMID- 3906885 TI - [Transfixation--an endodontic-endosseous implantology method]. PMID- 3906886 TI - [Optimal placing of the implant abutment]. PMID- 3906888 TI - [The ITI hollow-cylinder implant. Internationales Team fur orale Implantologie]. PMID- 3906887 TI - [The Tubinger implant]. PMID- 3906889 TI - [Historical development of meat inspection legislation in Lucerne Canton prior to the 1st Swiss Confederation meat inspection order in 1909]. PMID- 3906890 TI - [Meat hygiene and control in Lucerne Canton after implementation of the food law of 1905]. PMID- 3906891 TI - [Magnesium. Mineral--trace element--therapeutic substance? A review]. PMID- 3906892 TI - [Development of the Swiss military veterinary service with special reference to relations with the Association of Central Switzerland Veterinarians]. PMID- 3906893 TI - [Prevention and control of animal disease outbreaks in Switzerland (1798-1803)]. PMID- 3906895 TI - DNA. PMID- 3906894 TI - [Maximum allowable stress on the growing locomotor system]. PMID- 3906896 TI - Systematic variation in DNA length yields highly ordered repressor-operator cocrystals. AB - Crystals have been grown that contain the operator-binding domain of the lambda repressor and the lambda operator site OL1. Crystallization conditions were tested with a set of DNA fragments, ranging in length from 17 to 23 base pairs. The best crystals were grown with a 20-base pair DNA fragment. These crystals have space-group symmetry P2I, with unit cell dimensions a = 37.1 A, b = 68.8 A, c = 56.8 A, and a beta angle of 91.5 degrees. They diffracted to at least 2.5 A resolution. High resolution data from these crystals should allow the direct determination of how a repressor recognizes its operator site. PMID- 3906897 TI - Hematopoietic histoincompatibility reactions by NK cells in vitro: model for genetic resistance to marrow grafts. AB - In certain strains of mice, bone marrow grafts from parental donors fail to grow in first-generation hybrid mice. This "hybrid resistance" of nonsensitized F1 hybrid mice to the engraftment of parental hematopoietic transplants contradicts the classical laws of transplantation and is dependent on a radioresistant but immunogenetically specific effector mechanism. Studies in a new in vitro model reveal that committed hematopoietic precursors of parental origin can be inactivated by direct contact with natural killer-like splenic effectors from F1 mice. The reaction requires genetically restricted recognition, since only parental competitors syngeneic to the target bone marrow cells partially reversed this inactivation. Models of this type may be useful in studying the possible role of natural resistance in bone marrow transplantation in humans. PMID- 3906898 TI - Recent advances in blood coagulation. Historical remarks. PMID- 3906899 TI - Origins of the concept of collagen-vascular diseases. PMID- 3906900 TI - The pathology of sarcoidosis. PMID- 3906902 TI - The role of gallium-67 in the clinical evaluation of sarcoidosis. PMID- 3906901 TI - Sarcoidosis: clinical, laboratory, and immunologic aspects. PMID- 3906903 TI - Deanxit in the treatment of aphthous ulceration. PMID- 3906905 TI - A sociological conceptualization of trauma. AB - The epistemological difficulties with the model of 'stressful life events' are reviewed and contrasted with the epistemologies of the pioneers of stress research: Cannon, Selye, Durkheim, Freud, Bernard and Dubos. The paper focuses on the question 'What is an event?' as opposed to a fact and on the neo-Humean difficulties of relying upon explanations of events. It is demonstrated that the pioneers of stress research avoided event-explanations and relied instead (sometimes implicitly) on the notion of 'trauma'. A trauma is not just an event. The concept of trauma is linked to the ideas of arrangements and derangements of collective representations in the context of society conceived of as a cybernetic system. PMID- 3906904 TI - Liver abscess: a two-year study. PMID- 3906906 TI - Studies on the traditional herbal anthelmintic Chenopodium ambrosioides L.: ethnopharmacological evaluation and clinical field trials. AB - Infusions and decoctions of the leaves, roots and inflorescences of the herbaceous shrub Chenopodium ambrosioides (American wormseed, goosefoot, epazote, paico) and related species indigenous to the New World have been used for centuries as dietary condiments and as traditional anthelmintics by native peoples for the treatment of intestinal worms. Commercial preparations of oil of chenopodium and its active constituent, ascaridol, obtained by steam distillation, have been and continue to be, used with considerable success in mass treatment campaigns. Ethnopharmacological studies in a community of Mayan subsistence farmers in Chiapas, Mexico, confirmed that decoctions containing up to 300 mg of dry plant material per kg body weight (MGKGW) were widely used and traditionally highly regarded in the treatment of ascariasis. However, therapeutic doses of up to 6000 MGKGW of powdered, dried plant had no significant anthelmintic effect on the adults of Necator, Trichuris of Ascaris. Gas-liquid chromatographic analyses of plant samples used consistently demonstrated the presence of ascaridol in the expected amounts. Possible origins of subjective belief in the efficacy of C. ambrosioides as used, may be related to the positive association of spontaneous, or peristalsis-induced passage of senescent worms immediately following a therapeutic episode. It is also possible that in the past varieties of the plant containing much more ascaridol were used. The results of these controlled field studies did not sustain widely held traditional beliefs, nor the value of therapeutic practices regarding this plant. It is, therefore, essential that all indigenous ethnomedical practices be objectively evaluated for efficacy and safety using appropriate protocols before being considered for adoptation or promotion in health care programs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3906907 TI - China's impact on American medicine in the seventies: a limited and preliminary inquiry. AB - A citation survey of the impact of Chinese medical ideas on Western medical literature is presented. In general it is argued that the diffusion of ideas was very rapid at the beginning of the decade, but has markedly slowed recently. Speculations on this 'loss of interest' are offered. PMID- 3906908 TI - Current status of sphincter-saving operations for chronic ulcerative colitis. AB - When surgery is demanded by the course of a patient with ulcerative colitis, the sphincter mechanism can be spared. The straight ileoanal anastomosis without a reservoir has not been satisfactory for adults because of frequent diarrheal stools. The ileorectal anastomosis has the advantage of minimal morbidity, but the patient is not totally cured, because the diseased rectum is still in place. The pouch pull-through procedure has an increased morbidity, but the patient is cured of ulcerative colitis. The anastomotic stricture rate is 7% to 15% and the failure rate, 2% to 6%. Inflammation of the pouch or reservoir occurs in 5% to 19%. There have been no deaths in the reviewed series. As the details of the pouch pull-through procedure are refined, this operation will become the choice for treatment of ulcerative colitis. PMID- 3906909 TI - The impact of routine isolation techniques for Campylobacter jejuni in stool cultures. AB - Campylobacter jejuni is recognized as a leading cause of bacterial diarrhea. We studied the impact of performing routine isolation techniques for C jejuni in stool cultures in a community hospital. Since instituting such techniques, we have found C jejuni to be the leading cause of bacterial diarrhea at our hospital. Clinical and laboratory manifestations and treatment did not distinguish patients with C jejuni from patients with Salmonella species isolated from the stool. We believe that microbiology laboratories should incorporate routine measures for detecting C jejuni in fecal specimens. PMID- 3906910 TI - Hickman catheter tip displacement. AB - In a series of 60 consecutive patients in whom Hickman catheters were placed for treatment of malignancy, four properly positioned catheter tips migrated secondarily from the superior vena cava to the ipsilateral jugular vein 2, 4, 21, and 25 days after placement. Three of the four patients had begun to have catheter dysfunction when the displacement was diagnosed. No satisfactory explanation for this rarely reported complication was evident in three of the cases. Maneuvers such as coughing, Valsalva's maneuver, and forceful heparin flushing produced no motion in three normally directed catheter tips in other patients observed under fluoroscopy. The phenomenon may be more common than previously reported. Evaluation of any new Hickman catheter dysfunction should include a chest x-ray film to ascertain the position of the catheter. PMID- 3906911 TI - Combined ketoconazole and amphotericin B treatment of acute disseminated histoplasmosis in a renal allograft recipient. AB - We have reported the first case of successful treatment of disseminated histoplasmosis in a renal allograft recipient using a short course (14 days) of amphotericin B in combination with prolonged therapy (161 days) with ketoconazole. This regimen should decrease the risk of antibiotic induced nephrotoxicity, but it requires further study. Five days of treatment with ketoconazole alone was ineffective in our patient's infection. Our protocol might not be as efficacious in patients who are more profoundly immunocompromised, eg, bone marrow allograft recipients. Because relapse of histoplasmosis may occur as long as nine years after treatment, immunocompromised patients being treated with ketoconazole must have close long-term clinical follow-up. PMID- 3906913 TI - Progressive destruction of the hip joint due to Klebsiella osteomyelitis. AB - We have described a 52-year-old diabetic man with Klebsiella osteomyelitis of the femoral head and acetabulum. This case illustrates an unusual location of the infection, an absence of a preceding infection with Klebsiella pneumoniae, and a chronic and progressive course of the process over a six-month period. PMID- 3906912 TI - Ovarian torsion diagnosed by ultrasonography. AB - We have reported the ultrasonographic findings in a 9-year-old girl with torsion of a normal ovary. In this and six previously reported cases ultrasonography has shown hypoechoic, solid, intrapelvic masses sometimes containing small cysts. Liquid may be present in the pelvic cul-de-sac, and in one instance an anechoic halo surrounded an infarcted ovary. A second case, a seemingly false-positive ultrasonic diagnosis of ovarian enlargement, illustrated a possible pitfall. Ultrasonography can aid in earlier diagnosis of ovarian torsion, which may permit more ovaries to be salvaged. PMID- 3906914 TI - Sleep, sleep loss, and breathing. AB - Sleep and sleep loss have remarkable effects on breathing. Although sleep causes ventilatory disturbances of greater severity and variety than does sleep deprivation, the effects of sleep and sleep loss on respiration are similar. For example, both impair ventilatory drive and arousal responses to a variety of stimuli. Although the mechanism of impaired ventilation after sleep loss is not entirely understood, there is evidence to suggest that both respiratory muscle fatigue and central nervous system depression play a role. Patients who suffer from both disturbed sleep and lung disease are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of sleep disruption on breathing. Since sleep restoration returns many respiratory parameters to normal in sleep-deprived individuals, perhaps we should include rest in our treatment of certain patients with respiratory disease. PMID- 3906915 TI - [Noninvasive studies in the diagnosis of obliterative arteriopathy of the lower limbs. Doppler and echotomography studies]. PMID- 3906916 TI - The in vivo and in vitro sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum to quinine. AB - The in vivo and in vitro sensitivity of P. falciparum to quinine were studied simultaneously on 20 isolates of P. falciparum from infected patients in Rangoon and in Tharrawaddy Township. The in vivo study showed 85% sensitive and 5% resistance at RI level. The peak plasma quinine level in all the cases were above mean MIC on days 1, 3, 5 and 7. Schizont maturation was inhibited at 128 p.mol/well in 15% of the cases but the rest were at or below 64 p.mol/well in vitro test. However, no relationship was detected between the in vivo and in vitro sensitivity of quinine. PMID- 3906917 TI - Electron microscopy of the human brain in cerebral malaria. AB - Ultrastructure of erythrocytes infected with Plasmodium falciparum in human brain, obtained 3 hours post mortem revealed gross distortion of host red cells with abnormality of the red cell surface. The superficial alterations of the parasitized cells as knob-like protrusion appear to be the sites of attachment to vascular endothelium. There was evidence of platelets sticking to the injured endothelium. The endothelial vesicular membrane is in close adhesion to the parasitized red cell, and also to the platelets involved in this mechanism. Thus, explaining the sequestration of parasitized red cell and obstruction in cerebral microcirculation, cerebral oedema and low peripheral platelet count. The was no evidence of inflammation, fibrin or thrombus formation observed in our studies. PMID- 3906918 TI - Studies on the chemotherapy of human opisthorchiasis: effective dose of praziquantel in heavy infection. AB - Ninety-six patients who had heavy Opisthorchis viverrini infection were studied. Egg count per gram of faeces ranged from 10,800 to 139,000 (mean 26,044.3). Praziquantel 50 mg per kg body weight was given after a morning meal. 68 patients completed the follow up period of 60 days. The cure rate was 97.0%. The side effects occurred in 61 patients (89.7%). The common side effects were diarrhoea, dizziness, sleepiness, epigastric pain, headache, nausea and anorexia. These side effects were mild and transient. 62 patients (91.2%) showed clinical improvement, and 20 patients were symptom free on day 60. PMID- 3906919 TI - Low dose tinidazole in the treatment of amoebic liver abscess. AB - Thirty-six patients with uncomplicated amoebic liver abscess were treated with low dose tinidazole 1.2 g to 1.5 g in a single or divided doses, and aspiration of the abscess. No drug related toxicity was noted. All patients responded well and there was no relapse or treatment failure. PMID- 3906920 TI - A CAMP phenomenon between Vibrio cholerae biotype El Tor and staphylococcal B hemolysin. AB - A CAMP phenomenon was demonstrated by Vibrio cholerae biotype El Tor and B-lysin producing Staphylococcus aureus in 5% sheep red blood cells-tryptic soy agar medium. All 394 El Tor vibrio strains tested, all showed a crescent-shaped hemolysis (positive CAMP) when the cultures were incubated in a candle jar whereas 67% were CAMP positive when incubated aerobically. Only 9% of the isolates produced detectable hemolysin in a standard tube test using heart infusion broth and 72% in a tube test using heart infusion broth containing 1% glycerol. Seven classical V. cholerae tested were CAMP negative. The CAMP reaction is easy to perform and may be useful for routine use in the differentiation of V. cholerae biotype El Tor from classical V. cholerae. PMID- 3906921 TI - In vitro sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum to sulfadoxine and pyrimethamine. AB - An in vitro microtechnique of Rieckmann et al., (1978) modified by Yisunsri and Rieckmann (1980) using 3 media; Waymouth, Waymouth plus 10% human serum, and RPMI was assessed to determine the sensitivity of P. falciparum to sulfadoxine, pyrimethamine and its combination. The study confirmed the synergism between sulfadoxine and pyrimethamine. There was no interaction between media and drug tested. MIC1 and MIC2 of sulfadoxine in different media showed significant difference (p less than 0.001). No significant difference was observed in MIC1 and MIC2 of pyrimethamine in the three media used (p greater than 0.05). For sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine combination, MIC1 and MIC2 in Waymouth alone and plus 10% human serum showed no significance (p greater than 0.05) while in RPMI showed positive correlation (p less than 0.001). MIC1 might be more applicable for clinical evaluation than MIC2. At present Waymouth medium with 5% patient serum, is considered to be the most suitable for testing sensitivity of malarial parasites. PMID- 3906922 TI - Immunological evaluation of cell-mediated and humoral immunity in Thai patients with cerebral and non-cerebral Plasmodium falciparum malaria: I. Cutaneous delayed hypersensitivity, blood leukocytes and in vitro lymphocyte responses. AB - In Thai patients with acute P. falciparum malaria including cerebral cases, cell mediated immune functions were studied in vivo and in vitro. Initial cutaneous delayed reactions to phytohaemagglutinin and soluble protein antigens were negative in most cerebral malaria patients. No major alteration of the number of circulating T and B cells was observed. In lymphocytes cultures, proliferatives responses to lectins or protein antigens were generally found within normal ranges. This study shows a direct role of P. falciparum on the impairment of cell mediated immunity. PMID- 3906923 TI - Immunological evaluation of cell-mediated and humoral immunity in Thai patients with cerebral and non cerebral Plasmodium falciparum malaria: II. Evolution of serum levels of immunoglobulins, antimalarial antibodies, complement fractions and alpha interferon. AB - In Thai patients with Plasmodium falciparum malaria, IgG and IgM values were elevated, whereas IgA levels were within normal ranges. No association of Ig values with parasitaemia was noted. IFA-IgM antibody levels were lower in cerebral malaria (CM) than in the non cerebral malaria (NCM) group. IFA-IgG antibodies were present in all patients. The mean C3 and C4 values were similar among patients from the CM and NCM groups. Interferon like activity was detected in all CM and NCM patients, and no correlation was found with either antimalarial antibodies, complement or parasitaemia. PMID- 3906924 TI - [The physician-revolutionary S.N. Florovskii]. PMID- 3906925 TI - [Rendering emergency services to patients of the Odessa first aid station in the first few years of its operation]. PMID- 3906926 TI - [80th anniversary of the invention of the acoustic method of measuring arterial blood pressure by N.S. Korotkov]. PMID- 3906927 TI - [Transcutaneous transhepatic catheterization of the portal vein and its branches (review of the literature)]. PMID- 3906929 TI - [Effect of streptococcal sensitization on the outcome of autodermoplasty in burns]. PMID- 3906928 TI - [Corticosteroid therapy of disseminated sclerosis]. PMID- 3906930 TI - [NMR-tomography in clinical practice]. PMID- 3906931 TI - [Mitral valve prolapse syndrome and pregnancy]. PMID- 3906932 TI - [Reconstruction of the breast using a skin-muscle flap of the latissimus dorsi muscle]. PMID- 3906933 TI - [Comparative evaluation of antacids in duodenal ulcer]. PMID- 3906934 TI - [Effect of insulin and sulfonylurea derivatives on chronic intravascular microcoagulation of the blood in diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 3906935 TI - Reduction of postoperative pain parameters by presurgical relaxation instructions for spinal pain patients. AB - This study investigated the effects of a relaxation instruction session conducted presurgically with postsurgical pain parameters for patients undergoing spinal surgery. Results indicated that the relaxation group (n = 50) as compared with an equivalent group (n = 50) matched to type of surgery and sex type, workers compensation status had significant reduction of days of hospitalization, complaints noted by nurses, and medications (primarily demerol and phenaphen). Sex type, age, and workers compensation status were not significant factors regarding these outcome measures. The results were considered in light of the anxiety/pain explanation of pain sensitivities with implications for health care with spinal pain surgical candidates. PMID- 3906936 TI - Repair of the defect in spondylolysis or minimal degrees of spondylolisthesis by segmental wire fixation and bone grafting. AB - Twenty-two patients with spondylolysis and minimal degrees of spondylolisthesis have been treated with repair of the defect by segmental wire fixation and bone grafting. Twenty-one patients are available for follow-up. Eighty percent of the patients obtained good to excellent results, and 90% obtained solid fusion of the pars defect. The technique would appear to have the greatest use in patients less than 30 years of age with minimal degrees of displacement. PMID- 3906937 TI - [Transplantation of a pancreatic segment with an open duct in the dog]. PMID- 3906938 TI - [Studies on transfiguration of clinical profiles and immunohistology in intestinal Behcet's disease]. PMID- 3906939 TI - [Etiology, classifications and clinical findings of osteoarthritis of the knee]. PMID- 3906940 TI - [Rheumatoid knee]. PMID- 3906941 TI - Anti-endotoxin in the treatment of severe surgical septic shock. Results of a randomized double-blind trial. AB - A randomized double-blind trial of human antilipopolysaccharide (anti-LPS) specific globulin (LG-1) versus placebo (albumin) in the treatment of severe septic shock of surgical origin was carried out over a 6-month period from June to December 1983. Hospital mortality was 10 patients (59%) out of 17 in the control group and 9 out of 17 (53%) in the treated group. Irreversible shock was the cause of death in 4 patients (23,5%) in the control group and 5 (29,4%) in the treated group. Duration of hospital stay of the survivors averaged 44 days for the control group and 62 for the treated group. Measurement of serum endotoxin and anti-LPS levels at the time of admission to the study and 24 hours later revealed no significant difference between controls and treated patients. Significantly higher mortality rates were observed in patients who were endotoxemic after 24 hours of treatment compared with those who were not (chi 2 = 4,80; P less than 0,025). PMID- 3906943 TI - Organophoshate alert. PMID- 3906942 TI - Indoprofen--a new non-opioid analgesic. A comparison with pethidine. AB - Indoprofen (400 mg), a non-opioid, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, was compared on a random, double-blind basis with pethidine (1,5 mg/kg) after elective caesarean section (40 patients) and after orthopaedic surgery (40 patients). The drugs were given intravenously during anaesthesia and provided adequate analgesia for a period of up to 2 hours postoperatively. No significant differences between the two drugs were noted in terms of efficacy and side effects. PMID- 3906944 TI - Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone analogue agonists--a new approach in advanced prostatic cancer. AB - Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone analogue agonist administration, preferably by intranasal spray, is an effective, simple and safe way to achieve androgen deprivation in the treatment of advanced prostatic cancer without causing the psychological problems of castration or the treatment-associated morbidity and mortality of oestrogen administration. Preliminary results are promising but need further confirmation in larger trials and longer follow-up. PMID- 3906945 TI - The ecology of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis: a puzzle still unsolved. AB - Some aspects pertaining to the ecology of the dimorphic fungus, Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, are reviewed. The available facts concerning the interactions among the only known host (man), the environment (limited to certain Latin-American countries) and the parasite (with an unknown habitat), are analysed. Efforts are made to detect clue circumstances which may lead to discovery of the fungus micro niche. An analysis of P. brasiliensis mycelial form reveals that such a form has the required capabilities to be the natural infectious form. Its requirements for a moist environment in vitro as well as the high relative humidity predominating in the heart of the endemic areas point towards the possibility of an aquatic--or at least, an extremely humid--habitat for P. brasiliensis. PMID- 3906946 TI - Relationship between age and cellular suppressive activity in resistance to Histoplasma capsulatum infection. AB - One-month-old and 1-year-old male BALB/c mice showed a lower resistance than 4.5 month-old mice to Histoplasma capsulatum infection. 4.5-month-old mice successfully resolved the infection when challenged with either a LD50 or LD100 for 1-month-old mice. A critical clinical course of experimental histoplasmosis was observed in 4.5-month-old syngeneic mice when spleen cells from 1-month-old BALB/c mice were transferred to them. Irradiated recipient mice, into which bone marrow and spleen cells were transferred, died when infected with the LD100 for 1 month-old mice. The same occurred with 4.5-month-old non-irradiated infected mice which received only spleen cells and with 1-month-old mice which were used as a control of infection. However, infected and non-transferred 4.5-month-old mice survived this dose. Thus, the adoptive transference of spleen cells from 1-month old mice to 4.5-month-old mice suppressed the resistance of these adult mice to infection. Apparently, the transference of the suppressive state requires the presence of two cell populations, a non-adherent and an adherent and radioresistant cell present in the spleen of male 1-month-old mice. PMID- 3906947 TI - Four great coccidioidomycologists: William Ophuls (1871-1933), Myrnie Gifford (1892-1966), and Charles Edward Smith (1904-1967) and William A. Winn (1903 1967). AB - The careers of William Ophuls (1871-1933), Myrnie Gifford (1892-1966), Charles Edward Smith (1904-1967) and William A. Winn (1903-1967) are briefly reviewed, with emphasis on their contributions to knowledge of Coccidioides and coccidioidomycosis. All were students with broad interests, and all were quite willing to suggest new concepts and classifications to replace those of their predecessors. PMID- 3906949 TI - Changes in surface topography of Candida albicans during morphogenesis. AB - Temporal studies of germ-tube forming yeast cells of Candida albicans by scanning and transmission electron microscopy indicate that extensive vacuolation and possibly also cell wall changes may cause walls of the parent yeast cell to collapse during specimen preparation. This collapse does not occur in cells which have been grown in conditions that suppress germ tube formation and have undergone the same preparative treatment. PMID- 3906948 TI - In-vitro killing of Candida species by murine immunoeffectors and its relationship to the experimental pathogenicity. AB - Killing of yeast cells of several species of Candida by murine phagocytic cells was assessed in vitro by a radiolabel release microassay and measurement of colony forming units. The most effective candidacidal phagocytes, i.e. polymorphonuclear and bone marrow cells, were able to kill equally well cells of any species or isolate tested, given sufficient time (4 h) and an appropriate effector: target ratio. However, C. guilliermondii, C. krusei and C. parapsilosis were killed by polymorphonuclear and bone marrow cells much more promptly (1 h) and at a significantly lower effector:target ratio than C. albicans, C. tropicalis and C. viswanathii. Moreover, there were immune effectors such as peritoneal resident macrophages and, mostly, spleen cells which were practically ineffective against C. albicans and C. tropicalis but showed significant activity against C. guilliermondii, C. krusei and C. parapsilosis, even in mice immuno depressed with cyclophosphamide. Three isolates of C. albicans, differing in the capacity to form germ tubes, also differed in mouse virulence: the germ-tube forming isolate was the most virulent. However, they showed an identical pattern of susceptibility to killing by mouse immunoeffectors, suggesting that virulence is probably not due to the resistance of hyphal cell to phagocytosis. PMID- 3906950 TI - [Prosthodontics for better prognosis--5]. PMID- 3906951 TI - [Problems in the application of dental implants--a clinical case in a partially edentulous mouth]. PMID- 3906952 TI - [The Hippocratic oath and his statue]. PMID- 3906953 TI - [Miscellaneous records of medico-dental and pharmacological history. 65. Secret book on oral medicine. 1762 publication (5)]. PMID- 3906954 TI - [Tooth conservation and denture construction for alveolar ridge protection]. PMID- 3906955 TI - [Partial denture design for the protection of the alveolar ridge prior to changing to a complete denture]. PMID- 3906956 TI - [Positive use of remaining teeth as abutments for root-supported dentures]. PMID- 3906957 TI - [Positive use of a few remaining teeth and the balancing of the occlusal plane]. PMID- 3906958 TI - [Importance of knowing the patient's age and medical history prior to changing to complete dentures]. PMID- 3906959 TI - [Free-end partial denture. 6. Mounting and maintenance of partial dentures]. PMID- 3906960 TI - [Prosthodontics for better prognosis--6]. PMID- 3906961 TI - [Miscellaneous records of medico-dental and pharmacological history. 66. Secret book on oral medicine. 1762 publication. 6]. PMID- 3906963 TI - [Miscellaneous records of medico-dental and pharmacological history. 67. Secret book on oral medicine published in 1762. 7]. PMID- 3906962 TI - [Bonded core restorations. Prevention of root fractures and conservation of fractured roots]. PMID- 3906964 TI - [Fracture of the tooth root--dental treatment with the proper understanding of stress]. PMID- 3906965 TI - Thoracic surgical problems in infancy and childhood. AB - Thoracic surgical problems in infants and children range from congenital anomalies to acquired inflammatory problems. This article reviews the most common parenchymal, pleural, and mediastinal problems encountered in infants and children and presents recommendations for prompt and accurate diagnosis and therapy. PMID- 3906966 TI - Gastrointestinal bleeding in children. AB - This article provides an update on the advances in technologic investigations of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Lesions responsible for bleeding are discussed from proximal to distal. PMID- 3906967 TI - Surgery of the immunodeficient child. AB - A great deal has been learned about the surgery of immunodeficient patients. If one assesses the problem and follows the surgical principles described, in most instances one can solve the problem and be a great help to the oncologist and immunotherapist. A team approach is most important. PMID- 3906969 TI - [History and organization of home hospitalization in Paris]. PMID- 3906968 TI - Pediatric renal transplantation. AB - This article outlines the current status of pediatric renal transplantation and emphasizes a practical approach to patient management. It discusses two areas of renal transplantation in children in which results differ significantly between children and adults. These areas are renal transplantation in the very young child and transplantation in children with renal failure secondary to urologic disease. PMID- 3906970 TI - [Observations on delivery, childbirth today, through parents' testimonials]. PMID- 3906971 TI - Comparative clinical evaluation of ceftizoxime with clindamycin and gentamicin and cefoxitin in the treatment of postcesarean endomyometritis. AB - New third generation cephalosporins have been recommended as single agent antibiotic therapy in the treatment of postoperative infections. This study compares the new third generation cephalosporin ceftizoxime with cefoxitin, clindamycin and gentamicin in the treatment of postcesarean section endomyometritis. The results indicate that the clindamycin and gentamicin regimen is more efficacious in the treatment of severe infection after cesarean section than either ceftizoxime or cefoxitin regimens. Therefore, the results of this study suggest caution in substituting single drug antibiotic therapy with cefoxitin or the third generation cephalosporins for the standard clindamycin and gentamicin regimen in the treatment of postcesarean section endomyometritis until more clinical data are available. PMID- 3906972 TI - Early detection of glaucomatous damage. I. Psychophysical disturbances. AB - In summary, automated perimetry and other psychophysical tests currently provide the most sensitive, reliable and reproducible means of clinically detecting early glaucomatous changes. Compared to optic disk and nerve fiber layer evaluation, such procedures provide a consistent, quantitative method of distinguishing between early abnormalities and normal variations. PMID- 3906973 TI - Ocular involvement in the respiratory vasculitides. AB - The respiratory vasculitides are idiopathic inflammatory syndromes, characteristically involving the pulmonary vasculature as well as that of several other organ systems. The inflammatory response in these diseases is uniformly granulomatous. There are three distinct, recognized respiratory vasculitides: Wegener's granulomatosis, Churg-Strauss syndrome (allergic granulomatosis and angiitis), and lymphomatoid granulomatosis. Each of these entities may have ophthalmic manifestations, and ocular involvement may, in fact, be the presenting sign. The systemic and ocular manifestations, as well as the differential diagnosis and management of each of these entities are discussed. PMID- 3906974 TI - Hyperplastic G cell responsiveness in vitro. AB - To evaluate the responsiveness of isolated, hyperplastic antral gastrin-producing G cells to a variety of secretagogues, hyperplastic hypergastrinemia was produced in Sprague-Dawley rats by fundusectomy. Mean serum immunoreactive gastrin (IRG) concentration was elevated fivefold above controls 4 days after operation and rose steadily to an eightfold increase at 66 days. Mean antral G cell density remained at control levels for as long as 7 days, increased twofold at 14 days, then remained between twofold and threefold greater than controls for as long as 66 days after operation. Antral mucosa IRG content increased from 141 +/- 38 (control) to 262 +/- 58 ng IRG/gm mucosa (4 to 6 weeks after fundusectomy). Crude fractions of dispersed antral mucosa cells enriched in G cells from fundusectomized rats contained 6.5% +/- 1.4% G cells with 0.19 +/- 0.6 pg IRG/G cell. Corresponding preparations from nonoperated rats contained 5.1% +/- 0.5% G cells with 0.07 +/- 0.02 pg IRG/G cell. Viability averaged greater than 95% for all preparations. Gastrin secretion was monitored in cell preparations further enriched in G cells (9% to 10%) by Percoll density gradient centrifugation either in the absence (basal) or presence of bombesin (1 mumol, 1 nmol/L), carbachol (1 mmol/L), leucine (10 mmol/L), and ethylamine (10 mmol/L). The basal secretory rate of hyperplastic G cell populations averaged 250% greater than normal G cell basal rates. Hyperplastic G cell preparations had an increased IRG secretory rate in the presence of bombesin (1 mumol/L, 750%; 1 nmol/L, 191%), leucine (120%), ethylamine (236%), and carbachol (183%). These conditions failed to increase the IRG secretory rate above basal in preparations from normal antra. Viable, dispersed, hyperplastic G cells have increased IRG content and basal IRG secretory rate and are functionally responsive to a variety of secretagogues. PMID- 3906975 TI - Computerized technetium/thallium scans and parathyroid reoperation. AB - Twenty-three consecutive patients who underwent reoperation for persistent primary hyperparathyroidism were studied with computerized technetium/thallium scans to evaluate it as a localization test. Prospective and blinded retrospective readings of the scans were correlated with findings at surgery. Computerized technetium/thallium scanning detected 52% of the parathyroid adenomas found at surgery. Forty-two percent of adenomas were localized exactly. There were no false positive scans. No normal parathyroid glands were imaged. No mediastinal glands were imaged. The study was not observer dependent. We conclude that computerized technetium/thallium scanning is helpful in patients undergoing parathyroid reoperation. If positive, it can accurately localize adenomas. If negative, we recommend more invasive studies. PMID- 3906976 TI - Localization studies in patients with persistent or recurrent hyperparathyroidism. AB - Preoperative localization studies are essential for patients who have undergone previous parathyroid operations. This is because the remaining parathyroid glands are more difficult to identify at operation because of increased scarring with loss of normal tissue planes and because the remaining abnormal parathyroid tissue is more likely to be situated in an ectopic position. This investigation concerns the accuracy of preoperative localization studies in 36 consecutive patients. All patients had symptoms and clinical and laboratory data diagnostic of primary (31 patients) or secondary (five patients) hyperparathyroidism. Ultrasonography was performed in all 36 patients; 18 (50%) were positive, 14 (39%) were negative, and four (11%) were false positive examinations. Eight of the negative study results occurred in patients with abnormal parathyroid glands situated in the mediastinum. Computerized tomography (CT) was performed in 25 patients. There was an equal number of positive (11; 44%) and negative (11; 44%) studies with three (12%) false positive test results. CT was helpful in identifying substernal lesions and other abnormal parathyroid glands situated in ectopic positions. Thallium chloride 201-technetium 99m pertechnetate scans were used in 22 patients. There was an equal number of positive (eight; 36%) and negative (eight; 36%) studies. Six patients (27%) had false positive scans. One or more of these noninvasive tests was positive in 27 of the 36 patients (75%). Highly selective venous catheterization for the measurement of immunoreactive parathyroid hormone concentrations localized the elusive parathyroid tumor in 12 of the 16 patients (75%) overall and in six of the nine patients (66%) whose tumors were not identified by other studies. One patient had both a false positive ultrasound and thallium chloride 201-technetium 99m pertechnetate scan. Preoperative localization studies were therefore very helpful for locating hyperfunctioning parathyroid glands in patients with recurrent or persistent hyperparathyroidism, and 75% of the tumors were identified by noninvasive studies. Seventy-five percent of the tumors not identified by noninvasive studies were localized by selective venous catheterization. Most tumors not identified by noninvasive studies were mediastinal or ectopic in position. PMID- 3906977 TI - Malignant lymphoma of the thyroid gland: a clinical and pathologic study of twenty cases. AB - Among 20 patients with malignant lymphoma of the thyroid gland, the mean age at diagnosis was 63 years and the male to female ratio was 1:6. All patients had a firm, rapidly enlarging neck mass. In 90% of the patients the mass had been present for less than 1 year; in 40%, for less than 1 month. Approximately half of the patients tested had hypothyroidism; three fourths had elevated antithyroid antibodies. There was one nodular lymphoma. The remaining 17 cases available for review were diffuse. Thyroid lobectomy was performed in seven patients, limited excision in eight, and needle biopsy alone in five. External irradiation was administered in 11 cases (55%). Chemotherapy was used alone in one patient (5%) and in combination with radiotherapy in eight (40%). Six patients (30%) were alive without evidence of recurrent disease at follow-up ranging from 1 to 12 years. Eleven patients had died of lymphoma, all but one dying within 1 year. One patient died of other causes and two were lost to follow-up study. There was no appreciable effect of patient age or sex, lymphoma histology, or extent of surgical resection on survival. Treatment of choice for primary lymphoma of the thyroid gland appears to be external irradiation or chemotherapy, alone or in combination. The role of surgery is limited to making a tissue diagnosis of lymphoma, unless the tumor is completely intrathyroidal. PMID- 3906978 TI - Hyperparathyroidism, hypergraphia, and just plain hype. PMID- 3906979 TI - [Nursing traditions--a necessary corrective to current nursing research]. PMID- 3906980 TI - [100-year-old Klara Sundby: nursing should be a life's calling not a way of living. Interview by Bjorn Arild Ostby]. PMID- 3906981 TI - [NSH (Norwegian Nursing College) represented for the last time: 60 years of higher nursing education in Norway]. PMID- 3906982 TI - [Conversion of new-strength insulin in 1986]. PMID- 3906983 TI - [Unique silver toothbrushes relate the history of dental care]. PMID- 3906984 TI - [Cerestore--the future material in dental crown preparations?]. PMID- 3906985 TI - [Microbiological diagnosis of marginal periodontitis]. PMID- 3906986 TI - [Plasma zinc content in patients with chronic renal insufficiency before and after kidney transplantation]. AB - Zinc content in blood plasma was measured in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) before and after kidney transplantation by atomic-absorption spectrophotometry. Plasma zinc was revealed to be lowered. However, routine intake of vitamin A by the patients led to an elevation in zinc content. Hemodialysis did not alter blood plasma zinc concentration. It was noted that during the postoperative period, the zinc level returned to normal. Patients with CRF show marked disturbances of taste sensitivity, which are manifested in the increased threshold of taste sensitivity and perversion of taste sensations. PMID- 3906988 TI - [Diabetic glomerulosclerosis in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Development stages. Reversibility problems]. PMID- 3906987 TI - [Inactive renin in patients with chronic and terminal renal insufficiency]. AB - Active renin (AR) and trypsin-activated inactive renin (IR) were examined in 32 patients with chronic renal failure (CRF). (of these, 25 patients were kept on the programmed hemodialysis) and in 11 normal subjects. As compared with normal subjects, CRF patients manifested a decrease in both AR and IR. A direct correlation was discovered between AR and IR: R = 0.64, P less than 0.01. The simultaneous decrease in IR and AR attests to the impairment of renin synthesis during CRF. PMID- 3906989 TI - [Tubulointerstitial nephropathies]. AB - The term tubulointerstitial nephropathy (TIN) means a renal disease, during which the tubules and interstice form a substrate of the primary injury or a substrate whose involvement is dominating in the disease clinical picture. The incidence of TIN is fairly high, with different etiology and pathogenesis. Drug, virus, bacterial and immune patterns are among the most common types of acute TIN. It is shown that the incidence of chronic drug TIN ranges from 0.2% among urban population to 0.6% among rural population. The incidence and gravity of renal injuries in hyperuricemia depend on the blood uric acid content. Study of the incidence and character of TIN in hypercalcemia in patients with sarcoidosis, hyperparathyrosis and multiple myeloma demonstrates the character of tubulointerstitial lesions to depend on the structure of paraprotein. In systemic lupus erythematosus, tubulointerstitial lesions are detected in 50% of cases. Such a comprehensive treatment of TIN opens up new vistas in the prophylaxis and therapy of this illness. PMID- 3906990 TI - [Differential diagnosis of hematuria using phase-contrast microscopy of urinary erythrocytes]. PMID- 3906991 TI - [Pulse therapy of patients with nephritis: effect on arterial pressure, electrolyte metabolism and the renin-aldosterone system]. AB - A study was made of the effects of ultra-high doses of prednisolone on arterial blood pressure, electrolyte metabolism and renin-aldosterone system in 18 patients with chronic glomerulonephritis and lupus nephritis, with normal renal function and renal failure. Administration of 1,000 mg prednisolone produced a noticeable but a short-term elevation of the arterial blood pressure. After administration of 1,000 mg prednisolone the patients without renal failure noted marked increase of diuresis and natriuresis accompanied by activation of the renin-aldosterone system. In patients with renal failure, diuresis also increased, however sodium excretion with urine dramatically reduced which was accompanied by inhibition of plasma renin activity. Marked retention of sodium during institution of pulse-therapy in patients with renal failure may cause some grave complications including brain edema. PMID- 3906992 TI - [Diagnostic and prognostic value of kidney function tests in cadaveric kidney transplantation]. AB - Within the first 6 weeks after kidney transplantation the diagnostic and prognostic importance of some characteristics of partial renal function was studied in 48 patients with postoperative acute renal failure (ARF), precrisis, acute rejection of the transplant, and a crisis-free course of the postoperative period. It was established that the numerical data and the diagnostic importance of the characteristics under study are determined by the degree of the preceding ischemic lesion of the kidney. Some functional criteria of the crisis irreversibility and the effect on its temporary parameters of postoperative ARF were defined. PMID- 3906993 TI - [Antibodies to polysaccharides of group A Streptococcus in patients with rheumatism after mitral commissurotomy]. AB - Gel precipitation was employed to detect antibodies to the A-polysaccharide specific antigenic determinant in blood serum of 131 patients with different versions of rheumatic fever. 21 patients with non-rheumatic myocarditis, 25 convalescents following quinsy, and 58 donors. It was established that high titers of antibodies to A-polysaccharide in patients with protracted and latent rheumatic fever correlate with the clinical and morphological signs of the process activity. Elevation of the antibody titers after mitral commissurotomy made to 107 patients was recorded only in those with exacerbation or activation of rheumatic fever. During the first year after mitral commissurotomy as well as at the preoperative period, the titers of antibodies to A-polysaccharide in patients with protracted rheumatic fever were higher than in those with latent and inactive disease patterns. PMID- 3906994 TI - [Effectiveness of long-term use of dimethyl sulfoxide in the complex treatment of patients with systemic scleroderma]. PMID- 3906995 TI - [Chlorbutin, azathioprine, D-penicillamine and levamisole (decaris) in the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. IV. Comparative evaluation of their effects on systemic (extra-articular) manifestations of the disease]. AB - The authors studied and compared the action of chlorbutin, azathioprin, of large and mean doses of D-penicillamine and levamisole with that of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NAID) on rheumatoid arthritis systemic manifestations in 186 patients treated with these drugs for more than 3 months. It was shown that the basic drug compared very favourably with NAID. The cytostatics and levamisole were discovered to be highly efficacious. The authors believe that if the patients are afflicted with alveolitis and rheumatoid nephropathy, this should be regarded as indication for use of chlorbutin and levamisole. PMID- 3906996 TI - [Experience with using a new antirheumatic drug flugalin]. PMID- 3906997 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the effects of colchicine and colchamine on the course of hereditary (in periodic disease) and experimental amyloidosis]. PMID- 3906998 TI - Intrathecal morphine sulfate for labor pain. PMID- 3907001 TI - [Ultrasonic diagnosis in general practice. An evaluation study]. PMID- 3906999 TI - Intramuscular triamcinolone acetonide in chronic severe asthma. AB - Seventeen subjects with chronic severe asthma completed a 48 week prospective, double blind study with crossover of treatment at 24 weeks, in which triamcinolone acetonide 80 mg intramuscularly every four weeks was compared with oral prednisolone 10 mg daily. Spirometry, twice daily measurements of peak expiratory flow rate, and self assessment of asthma symptom scores showed significant improvement during triamcinolone treatment; less extra prednisolone was required and there was significant weight loss. Two patients withdrew, one because of dissatisfaction with prednisolone and one because of side effects while taking triamcinolone. Three were withdrawn, one with proximal muscle weakness and two because of intercurrent illness. Adrenal suppression, bruising, and hirsuitism were worse with triamcinolone, other side effects being comparable. On completion of the study 16 of the 17 patients opted to continue taking triamcinolone acetonide. This treatment is an important addition to the therapeutic options available for chronic severe asthma. PMID- 3907000 TI - Prevention of fever and gram negative infection after open heart surgery by antiendotoxin. AB - Naturally occurring preoperative antibody to enteric Gram negative bacilli (Escherichia coli agglutinins or antiendotoxin, or both) in 30 patients who had had open heart surgery was associated with a significantly lower incidence of early postoperative fever and postoperative Gram negative infection than occurred in 56 patients without preoperative antibodies. The protective effect was shown to be associated with antiendotoxin rather than antibody to the somatic antigen of the bacteria. Active or passive immunisation of patients having open heart surgery against endotoxin is likely to decrease significantly the morbidity after cardiopulmonary bypass. PMID- 3907002 TI - [Ultrasonic diagnosis of pregnant women in general practice]. PMID- 3907003 TI - [Ultrasonography of the gallbladder in general practice]. PMID- 3907005 TI - [Ultrasonography of the paranasal sinuses in general practice]. PMID- 3907004 TI - [Ultrasonography of the urinary tract in general practice]. PMID- 3907006 TI - [Ultrasonic diagnosis used in general practice. A summarized evaluation]. PMID- 3907007 TI - [Colonic cancer demonstrated by ultrasonics]. PMID- 3907008 TI - [Antihypertensive therapy with nifedipine]. PMID- 3907009 TI - [Veterinary medicine in Cato]. PMID- 3907010 TI - [Structure of the cervix uteri and course of the cervical canal of the uterus in sheep]. AB - Basing on plastoid casts (Technovit) the relief of cervical lumen was demonstrated. The occlusive structures in cervix are termed as plicae infundibulares and plicae semilunares. The findings verify that present methods of artificial insemination are not practicable according to the anatomical structures of cervix uteri. PMID- 3907011 TI - [Direct and indirect methods of the diagnosis of pregnancy in mares]. AB - This review article deals with a critical comparison between the direct clinical diagnosis for the pregnancy of the mare (rectal and in some cases also vaginal exploration) and indirect methods. Both methods are discussed whether they can be seen as a mutual completion or are suitable for their own. The indirect methods for the pregnancy diagnosis include the hormone-analytic tests as progesterone concentration in serum or milk, the biological and immunological measurements for PMSG in the serum, finally the biological and chemical methods for estrogen contents in the urine of the mare. Furthermore the physical methods mainly the ultrasonic detection are discussed. PMID- 3907012 TI - [Suture technics for the abdominal wall after midline laparotomy]. AB - During the last 10 years 268 laparotomies by a midline incision were performed. A high incidence of seromas, fistulas caused by suturing material and wound ruptures were observed. After finding only a small number of publications in the veterinary medicine about wound healing disturbances an analysis of the human medical literature was done. This induced the change of our surgical procedure and suturing technique: The midline incision and surgical management during the laparotomies in 14 horses suffering from colic were performed by a minimized trauma. The abdominal wall was closed layer by layer in the following manner: peritoneum by a running suture of catgut metric 5, linea alba by Sultan single sutures of polyglycolic acid material metric 5 (12 cases) or of polydioxanone metric 4 (2 cases), subcutaneous layer by a running suture of polyglycolic acid material metric 4, skin by single sutures of monofilamentous synthetic material metric 2. Thus, no complications in wound healing were observed in these 14 horses. Therefore, we recommend to prove the described surgical and suturing procedure by a larger number of horses undergoing a laparotomy by a midline incision. PMID- 3907013 TI - [Pathologically changed skeletal remains of baboons from ancient Egyptian times]. AB - Numerous pathologically altered skeletal remains of baboons originating from the galleries under the temple of the god Thot in Tuna el-Gebel/Middle Egypt reveal that these animals were kept in non-appropriate conditions during ancient Egyptian time. This statement is also supported by the low average age of the baboons. Inter alia an extremely deformed skull is described. PMID- 3907014 TI - Response of extrapancreatic glucagon to gastrointestinal hormones in pancreatectomized dogs. AB - In order to investigate the effect of gastrointestinal hormones upon the secretion of extrapancreatic glucagon, tetragastrin, secretin, caerulein and cholecytokinin-pancreozymin octapeptide (CCK-octa) were administered during saline or arginine infusion in pancreatectomized dogs. Intravenous administration of tetragastrin (7 micrograms/kg) did not elicit any changes in plasma glucagon during saline infusion, while the plasma glucagon increased significantly following tetragastrin infusion during arginine infusion. The administration of secretin (3 U/kg) did not affect the plasma level of glucagon during saline or arginine infusion at all. Plasma glucagon did not change after the administration of caerulein (0.5 microgram/kg) during saline infusion, whereas it increased significantly following caerulein administration during arginine infusion. Intravenous administration of CCK-octa in a dose of 20 U/kg did not affect the plasma level of glucagon during saline infusion but exerted a significant rise of extrapancreatic glucagon during arginine infusion. It is concluded from the present experiment that the administration of tetragastrin, caerulein or CCK-octa enhances the release of extrapancreatic glucagon stimulated by arginine infusion while secretin infusion does not affect the secretion of extrapancreatic glucagon. PMID- 3907015 TI - Circulating immune complex-like materials which bind to heat inactivated C1q interfere with the C1q solid phase assay for immune complexes. AB - C1q solid phase assay (C1q SP) was devised based on the fact that immune complexes (IC) and aggregated human globulin (AHG) bind to C1q. Neither IC nor AHG was found to bind to heat inactivated C1q. On the other hand, circulating immune complex (CIC)-like materials in patients' sera were able to bind to heat inactivated C1q, indicating that these CIC-like materials are not true CIC. Gel filtration analysis showed that molecular size of such CIC-like materials was almost the same as monomeric IgG, while true CIC were in heavy fractions. True CIC did not bind to heat inactivated C1q but bind only to native C1q. The CIC like activity is not due to rheumatoid factors. About 2/3 of CIC positive sera by C1q-SP are not really CIC positive but are due to interference by the CIC-like materials. PMID- 3907017 TI - Cumulative subject and chemical indexes for Volumes 57-81, 1981-1985. PMID- 3907016 TI - Immunohistological identification of B cell differentiation in human tonsillar follicles by using monoclonal antibodies. AB - Using immunoperoxidase technique and various monoclonal antibodies, B1, B2, OKT9, OKT10 and Leu-7, we investigated B cell differentiation in the tonsillar follicle. Mantle zone was stained with B1 intensely and B2 faintly. In contrast, germinal center was stained with B1, OKT10 and OKT9, and more intensely with B2. In the intermediate part of the germinal center some large cells were stained with OKT10. With OKT9 antibody, most of cells in the lymphoepithelial symbiosis and some large dendritic cells considered to be tangible body macrophages or dendritic reticulum cells in the germinal center were intensely stained. Leu-7 positive cells were localized mainly in the intermediate part of the germinal center. Stages of B cell differentiation in the tonsillar follicle were discussed, considering these results. PMID- 3907018 TI - The manipulation of potassium efflux during fluoride intoxication: implications for therapy. AB - Based on findings in 2 fluoride-toxic patients, it was suspected that hyperkalemia played a clinically important role in the etiology of sudden death from fluoride poisoning. Using fluoridated human erythrocytes as an in vitro model, it was confirmed that fluoride produced a marked potassium efflux from intact cells. Further, neither glucose and insulin in pharmacologic doses, nor various buffers could halt the efflux by shifting the potassium intracellularly. If these results can be extrapolated to the clinical situation, removal of potassium and fluoride via exchange resins or dialysis remains the only reasonable approach to this life threatening problem. Aside from sudden hyperkalemia and hypocalcemia, no serologic marker for fluoride toxicity has been identified. A high degree of clinical suspicion is therefore essential to the diagnosis. PMID- 3907019 TI - Structure-mutagenicity relationships within a series of para alkoxynitrosobenzenes. AB - The mutagenic potential of para-alkoxynitrosobenzenes (para substituents, -OCH3, OC2H5, n-OC4H9, n-OC5H11 and n-OC12H25) and p-phenoxynitrosobenzene was investigated in the Ames test. The order of mutagenic activity within a series of p-alkoxynitrosobenzenes was as follows: p-ethoxy greater than p-methoxy greater than p-butoxy (n) greater than p-pentyloxy (n) greater than p-dodecyloxy (n), the last being inactive. A relationship between mutagenic activity and electronic property of different substituents indicated in the alkoxy series, that as the Hammett constant decreased or bulk of the substituent (except methoxy) increased, the activity was found to decrease. PMID- 3907020 TI - The strength of acrylic repair techniques. PMID- 3907021 TI - [Results of percutaneous radiotherapy of bladder cancer using 1 and 2 series of irradiation]. AB - In a randomized prospective clinical study, the authors investigate the results of percutaneous radiotherapy (telecobalt) with two rhythms of fractionation in patients with vesical carcinomas. A one-series irradiation with 1.5 Gy daily (except the weekends) up to a total dose of 60 Gy is compared to a two-series irradiation (in the first series 3 Gy three days per week up to 30 Gy, then irradiation-free interval of four weeks, in the second series 1.5 Gy daily up to a total focal dose of 60 Gy). The five-year survival rates are 52% after one series irradiation and 39% after two-series irradiation. The surgical treatment consisted in a most radical resection of the vesical tumor by TUTUR, partial resection of the wall, of transvesical tumor resection. PMID- 3907022 TI - [Medical and physical aspects of quality assurance in radio-oncology]. AB - A more extensive interpretation of quality control in radio-oncology is opposed to the conception mostly restricted to technical inspections. A review is given of the most important medical and physical aspects of an optimized radiotherapy. Some examples are chosen from the great number of national and international recommendations agreed upon in order to standardize the measures of quality control. Finally some simple radiobiologic models are presented and the corresponding precision requirements are compared with the uncertainties of the dose determination resulting in clinical practice. PMID- 3907023 TI - [Forensic-medical examination in acute poisoning with dichloroethane]. PMID- 3907024 TI - [Training of forensic medical personnel in the early years of Soviet power]. PMID- 3907025 TI - Binding of fluid phase C3b to nonsensitized bystander human red cells. A model for in vivo effects of complement activation on blood cells. AB - There is evidence that activated complement fragments (C3b) can bind to human red cells (RBCs) serving as adsorbing surfaces, but not as antigens. This evidence prompted the present in vitro experiments. Using the standard antiglobulin test (AGT), the radioimmune antiglobulin test (RIAT), and the immune adherence test, we found that C3 can indeed be attached to "bystander" human RBCs if complement is activated either through the classical pathway (anti-A hemolysins plus blood group A1 RBCs) or the alternative pathway (activator surfaces, i.e., Escherichia coli bacteria, rabbit RBCs, or inulin). On Scatchard plot analysis, between 24,000 and 44,000 radiolabeled anti-C3d molecules were bound per one adjacent "bystander" RBC, while untreated control RBCs, or RBCs preincubated with fresh compatible serum, bound only 200 to 300, and 600 to 800 molecules, respectively. Despite strong coating with C3 fragments, only "bystander" paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, but not normal, RBCs were hemolyzed by complement activation, i.e., through E. coli at pH 8.0. RBCs were not coated with C3 when complement was activated in the fluid phase by heat-aggregated IgG or a staphylococcal "decomplementation antigen." We conclude that the findings of our in vitro experiments accurately mimic some old, but as yet insufficiently understood, in vivo effects of complement activation on circulating blood cells. PMID- 3907026 TI - Extended storage of single-donor platelet concentrate collected by a blood cell separator. AB - Use of a sealless blood pathway in a blood cell separator (CS-3000, Fenwal) permits collection of platelets in a "closed system" when saline and anticoagulant solutions are integrally attached; this in turn allows storage of instrument-collected platelet concentrates (PCs) beyond 24 hours. To evaluate extended storage of high yield PCs, cells collected with the instrument were stored (200 ml plasma) for 8 days (flatbed agitation) in either 3-liter polyvinylchloride (PL 146) containers (n = 6), polyolefin bags (PL 732) (n = 8), or two 1-liter polyolefin (double PL 732) containers (n = 8). A mean of 4.45, 4.09, and 3.94 X 10(11) platelets were stored in PL 146, single PL 732, and double PL 732, respectively; total white cells per container averaged 0.3, 0.2, and 0.2 X 10(9) for the three container systems. By day 1, platelet pO2 dropped to 14 and 16 torr in PL 146 and PL 732 PCs (pCO2, 127, and 82 torr). In contrast, double PL 732 maintained high pO2 (approximately equal to 80 torr) and low pCO2 (approximately equal to 30 torr) through day eight. Glucose declined at faster rates in PL 146 and single PL 732 containers, while lactate increased more rapidly (338 and 197 mg/dl of lactate on day four vs. 116 mg/dl for double PL 732 units). Morphology scores dropped from 400 to 98 (PL 146) and 216 (PL 732) at day four (pH values of 6.3 and 7.0), while a score of 330 was seen in double PL 732 PCs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3907027 TI - The difficult studies remain to be done. PMID- 3907028 TI - The role of oxygen free radicals in mediating the reperfusion injury of cold preserved ischemic kidneys. AB - We evaluated the hypothesis that postischemic renal failure is caused primarily at reperfusion by oxygen-derived free radicals in a swine model designed to realistically mimick human cadaveric renal transplantation. Both kidneys were removed, flushed with Euro-Collins solution, stored 24 hr at 4 degrees C, and then transplanted to a second pig. Experiments were paired, each pig receiving one treated and one control kidney. All pigs received the optimal conventional regimen of hydration, phenoxybenzamine, furosemide, and mannitol to allow assessment of free radical treatment superimposed thereupon. Two days later creatinine clearance (CCR) was measured from each kidney via separate ureterostomies. Untreated kidneys developed severe functional impairment, CCR falling from a normal level of 25.5 +/- 6.3 ml/min (n = 8) to 7.7 +/- 0.9 ml/min (n = 14, P less than .05 vs. control). The infusion of 20 mg of the free radical scavenger superoxide dismutase (SOD) into the renal artery at reperfusion substantially ameliorated this injury (CCR = 15.9 +/- 1.7 ml/min, n = 18, P less than 0.05 vs. control). A dose-response curve to SOD showed no effect of doses of 0.2 mg (CCR = 8.0 +/- 1.1 ml/min, n = 4) or 2 mg (CCR = 7.7 +/- 0.9, n = 5), and no greater benefit from 100 mg (CCR = 16.1 +/- 2.1 ml/min, n = 3, P less than 0.05 vs. control). Blocking the generation of superoxide radicals from xanthine oxidase with allopurinol (50 mg/kg) afforded similar protection (CCR = 18.2 +/- 1.8; n = 11, P less than 0.01 vs. control). On the other hand, following an 18-hr period of cold ischemia, little damage was sustained by the untreated (control) kidneys (CCR = 22.1 +/- 0.6 ml/min). Consequently, under these conditions the ablation of free radical generation with allopurinol provided no significant benefit. These findings suggest that after a critical period of cold ischemic preservation, metabolic changes take place within the kidney that lead to free radical generation and consequent tissue injury upon reperfusion, despite optimal preservation by conventional methods. This damage can be prevented by simple nontoxic measures--which, therefore, show great promise for use in the prevention of early renal failure following cadaveric renal transplantation. PMID- 3907029 TI - Sequential use of Minnesota antilymphoblast globulin and cyclosporine in cadaveric renal transplantation. AB - The use of Cyclosporine (CsA) immediately after renal transplantation may be associated with an increased incidence and duration of acute tubular necrosis (ATN) and permanent primary graft nonfunction. To avoid this potential interaction we treated recipients of primary cadaveric grafts initially with azathioprine (AZA), methylprednisolone (MP), and 5 daily doses of Minnesota antilymphoblast globulin (MAG) (postoperative days 3-7). AZA was discontinued and CsA started on day 6 if the graft was functioning by then. If ATN persisted beyond day 6, AZA and MAG (maximum 12 doses) were continued and CsA withheld until graft function was established (group 1-33 patients). This protocol is compared to our previous regimen of MAG (14 doses over the first 3 weeks), AZA and MP (group 2-68 primary cadaveric graft recipients). Improved one-year graft survival (81% vs. 60%, P less than 0.05) and patient survival (93% vs. 81%, P less than 0.05) were seen in group 1. The incidence and duration of ATN did not differ in the two groups. During the first year after transplantation more patients in group 1 were completely free of rejection episodes (40% vs. 20%, P less than 0.05) and the number of rejection episodes per patient was also lower in this group (1.0 +/- 15 vs. 1.6 +/- 49, P less than 0.05). The incidence of infections was not different in the two groups. No tumors have developed in either group. We conclude that in primary cadaveric renal transplantation the initial administration of a short course of MAG followed by CsA therapy results in excellent graft and patient survival while avoiding the potential adverse effect of CsA on an allograft already subjected to preservation injury. PMID- 3907030 TI - Effect of renal allograft dysfunction upon cyclosporine trough levels in host blood. AB - Cyclosporine (CsA) dose adjustment after renal transplantation is generally based on serum, plasma, or whole-blood trough level values. In the face of increased levels, the dosage is reduced in order to prevent CsA-induced nephrotoxicity. There is a paucity of data, however, on the kinetics of CsA in association with dysfunction of the transplanted kidney. This study documents dramatic rises in serum cyclosporine trough levels at the time of rejection crises, as well as following periods of nonimmunological allograft oliguria. Decreases in CsA dosage in such patients failed to result in a significant lowering in trough levels. Therapeutic CsA trough levels were generally at the 70-140 ng/ml level; at the time of rejection, the same doses of CsA resulted in a rise of trough levels to 300-500 ng/ml. As the rejection crises resolved and kidney function improved, the CsA serum trough levels returned to their lower levels. These results suggest that the urinary elimination of CsA and its metabolites may be a key determinant of CsA trough levels, and that the status of renal function at the time of testing must be considered in the interpretation of the data. In support of this observation, the CsA concentrations in 4-6 hr post-CsA-administration urine samples ranged from 400 ng/ml to 4500 ng/ml, as measured by high pressure liquid chromatography. The data suggest that rising CsA trough levels in a previously stable recipient may serve as a valuable early warning index of impending allograft dysfunction (rejection, infection, and obstruction). This appears particularly true during the first 30 days after renal transplantation, when the incidence of rejection is the greatest in this patient population. PMID- 3907031 TI - Successful transplantation of cyclosporine-treated allograft recipients with serologically positive historical, but negative preoperative, donor crossmatches. AB - Eighteen renal allograft recipients (15 cadaveric and 3 haploidentical living related donor transplants) with historically (Hx)3 positive, but pretransplant (pre-Tx) negative, donor crossmatches (XM) were treated postoperatively with cyclosporine (CsA) and prednisone (Pred). The one-year allograft survival for the 14 primary allograft recipients was 86% (12/14). This was comparable to, and not significantly different from, the 81% (51/63) graft survival for recipients of primary cadaveric donor allografts transplanted during the same period who displayed a negative donor crossmatch with both Hx and pre-Tx sera. All four retransplant recipients with (+) Hx, but (-) pre-Tx, donor Xms lost their grafts. This result was significantly different (P less than 0.05) from the 75% (27/36) graft survival for retransplant recipients displaying a negative donor crossmatch with both Hx and pre-Tx sera. A significant decrease in PRA of 52 +/- 19% to 19 +/- 16%, P less than 0.05, was displayed by 12/18 CsA patients when comparing (+) Hx to (-) pre-Tx sera, which could have influenced the allograft survival in those patients. However, a graft survival of 44% (4/9) was observed for azathioprine (Aza) and Pred-treated recipients of cadaveric donor renal allografts who also displayed a significant decrease in PRA of 50 +/- 22% to 5 +/ 4%, P less than 0.05 when comparing Hx to pre-Tx sera. The decreasing PRA did not beneficially affect these Aza-Pred patients' graft survival. Therefore, CsA Pred afforded a beneficial effect when recipients of a primary cadaveric renal allograft displaying a (+) Hx, but (-) pre-Tx, XM were transplanted. Retransplant recipients, however, should receive a cadaveric donor allograft only when they are XM-unreactive, whether testing with pre-Tx or Hx sera. PMID- 3907032 TI - Reevaluation of T cell subset monitoring in cyclosporine-treated renal allograft recipients. AB - The predictive value of peripheral blood T cell subset monitoring in renal allograft recipients has been questionable, and there has been no information concerning the correlation of T cell subset changes with the clinical event related to cyclosporine nephrotoxicity. This study was conducted to investigate the clinical usefulness of serial T cell subset monitoring in 34 consecutive renal transplant patients treated with cyclosporine by determining the total peripheral lymphocyte count and T cell subset counts using Leu-4, Leu-3ab, and Leu-2a monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry up to 6 months after transplantation. The absolute counts of all cells were lower in transplanted patients than those of normal controls, but were not different from those of hemodialysis patients. During infection, the helper/suppressor (H/S) ratio and the cell counts, except for suppressor cells, decreased significantly. Within one week prior to rejection, all cell counts also decreased significantly. Furthermore, cell counts before steroid-resistant rejection were significantly lower than those before steroid-responsive rejection. In contrast, lymphocyte and T cell counts were increased significantly within one week prior to cyclosporine nephrotoxicity being diagnosed; the H/S ratio was not correlated with rejection or toxicity. These results indicate that H/S ratio is not associated with clinical events of renal allograft recipients, but serial lymphocyte and T cell subset counts can provide valuable information for the differentiation of rejection from cyclosporine nephrotoxicity, and also for predicting the outcome of the allograft rejection. PMID- 3907033 TI - Effect of cyclosporine and delayed graft function on posttransplantation erythropoiesis. AB - The effect of delayed graft function and immunosuppressive drugs on posttransplant erythropoiesis was studied prospectively in 18 living-related (LR) and 84 cadaver-donor (CD) recipients. Eight of 18 LR and 20 of 84 CD recipients received antilymphoblast globulin (ALG) in addition to azathioprine and prednisone. Sixty-four CD recipients received cyclosporine (CsA) with prednisone. In the absence of rejection reticulocytosis began 6.7 +/- 0.2 days following graft implantation in azathioprine-only-treated LR recipients. This was lengthened by ALG to 9.4 +/- 0.3 and 9.9 +/- 0.7 days in LR and CD recipients, respectively, whose grafts functioned immediately. Delayed graft function prolonged onset of reticulocytosis to 15.9 +/- 0.9 days in ALG-treated but not in CsA-treated recipients (5.8 +/- 0.4 days). The shortest latency was noted in CsA treated recipients (4.9 +/- 0.5 days) with immediately functioning grafts. The earlier onset of reticulocytosis of CsA-treated recipients was followed by statistically significant blunting of peak reticulocytosis, which correlated with a slower rate of correction of anemia (delta Hct = 0.19/day) compared with non CsA-treated recipients (delta Hct = 0.34/day). Early rejection was associated with abrogation of reticulocytosis and correction of anemia without regard to immunosuppressive regimen) until rejection was reversed. Erythropoietin (EPO) was measured sequentially in 5 patients with immediate function. In 4 of 5 cases changes in EPO preceded those in reticulocytosis. EPO rose from a mean of 13 mU/ml pretransplant to a peak of 50 within 3 weeks and decreased to 18 mU/ml within 6 weeks of graft implantation. At six months posttransplant, normalized reticulocyte counts were only 55% higher (1.75 vs. 1.13%) but hematocrit had increased from 26 +/- 1% to 42 +/- 1%. Hematocrit varied inversely with serum creatinine, which was highest in CsA-treated patients with initial delayed graft function. We conclude that correction of anemia posttransplantation is driven by EPO but other factors may also be important, that neither ATN nor ALG-therapy have clinically important effects on erythropoiesis, and that CsA reduced "effective" erythropoiesis and influences correction of anemia--particularly if delayed graft function complicates the initial course posttransplantation. PMID- 3907034 TI - Incidence, histological pattern, and clinical outcome of rejection episodes occurring in the late posttransplant period. AB - We prospectively monitored clinical data and renal function at minimum monthly intervals in 220 patients who received kidney transplants at our institution between January 1, 1976 and December 31, 1982. All had functioning allografts for a year or longer. During a mean follow-up of 54.7 (14-96) months, 61 patients (28%) developed 74 late rejections, of which 23 (31%) were symptomatic and 51 (69%) were asymptomatic. Twenty-one rejections in 15 patients were diagnosed on clinical grounds (group A) and 53 rejections in 46 patients were diagnosed by renal histology (group B). Of this latter group, 26 biopsy specimens showed histological evidence of acute cellular rejection (ACR), 17 showed acute cellular rejection and chronic rejection (ACR + CR), and 10 showed chronic rejection (CR) only. Of the 26 ACRs, 10 (39%) responded fully to antirejection therapy, 14 (54%) responded partially, and 2 (7%) did not respond. Of the 17 ACR + CRs, the response to therapy was complete in 5 (29%), partial in 8 (47%), and none in 4 (24%). Of the 10 CRs, therapeutic response was none in 7 (70%) and partial in 3 (30%). During the period of our observation, 96% of patients with ACR had preservation of graft function (14% dead, 82% alive) and 4% had returned to dialysis. Among the patients with ACR + CR, 87% had preserved graft function (13% dead, 74% alive) and 13% returned to dialysis. Of the patients with CR, only 33% had preserved renal function (11% dead, 22% alive) and 67% returned to dialysis. Our observations indicate that (1) routine monitoring of renal function at minimum monthly intervals is essential to diagnose and treat these late rejections, which are often asymptomatic; (2) renal histology provides valuable diagnostic and prognostic information in the management of patients with late allograft rejection. PMID- 3907035 TI - Use of SEOPF regional crossmatch trays to share kidneys for sensitized patients. Local experience of three centers. AB - Regional organ procurement (ROP) crossmatch trays are used by members of the South-Eastern Organ Procurement Foundation (SEOPF) to facilitate sharing of cadaver kidneys for highly sensitized patients. ROP trays carry a single representative serum sample from over 900 patients with panel reactive antibody (PRA) levels of greater than or equal to 60%. Trays are centrally prepared periodically and distributed to member laboratories where they are used for preliminary crossmatching against locally obtained donors. Crossmatching results are used in conjunction with the SEOPF computer match program for sharing of kidneys. Proficiency testing studies by the 40-member laboratories show a greater than 90% concordance rate on results with these highly and broadly reactive sera. Data were available from 3 centers on 74 kidneys shared between SEOPF-member institutions on the basis of a remote, preliminary, negative ROP tray crossmatch. Of these, 44 (59%) crossmatched negative locally with the same and other sera, and were thus considered acceptable to be transplanted to the intended highly sensitized patients. Sixteen (22%) donors had a positive crossmatch locally, but with sera other than that present on the ROP tray used for screening. In 14 cases (19%) the same serum as on the ROP tray gave a positive crossmatch. The majority of ROP tray inconsistencies appeared to be due to use of more sensitive crossmatching techniques at the recipient center. Of the 27 patients transplanted at these 3 centers with kidneys received on the basis of ROP tray results, none experienced hyperacute or early irreversible rejection and actual graft survival at 6-48 months is 74%. These studies indicate that regional sharing of patient sera by the existing network of histocompatibility testing laboratories is an effective and reliable mechanism to identify crossmatch-negative donors for highly sensitized patients. PMID- 3907036 TI - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for serum renal tubular antigen in kidney transplant patients. AB - A mouse monoclonal antibody, specific for binding with the epithelial surface antigen in human renal proximal tubules, was produced by hybridoma culture. Using this antibody, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed to measure the human renal tubular epithelial antigen (HRTE) concentrations in serum samples from 25 normal subjects and 66 consecutive renal allograft recipients. In 46 patients treated with azathioprine and prednisone, serum HRTE was elevated more than two-fold in 56 of 62 rejection episodes 2-5 days before the clinical diagnosis was made. Of the 56 rejection episodes, the antigen level fell to baseline after treatment in 44 steroid-responsive episodes, but it remained elevated in 8 steroid-resistant rejections, and it became undetectable 3-4 days after the initial elevation in 4 episodes in which allografts were lost to rejection. In 20 patients treated with cyclosporine and prednisone, all 25 rejection episodes demonstrated a greater than two-fold increase of serum HRTE 1 6 days prior to the diagnosis of rejection. The antigen level fell to baseline in 23 reversible rejection episodes, however serum HRTE remained elevated in 2 steroid-resistant patients whose grafts were lost to rejection. Cyclosporine nephrotoxicity without rejection was confirmed in 6 episodes, each of which demonstrated a more than two-fold increase in HRTE 2-4 days before toxicity was diagnosed. When the cyclosporine dose was reduced, the antigen level decreased as the serum creatinine declined. Serial determinations of serum HRTE in renal transplant recipients can provide valuable information for the early diagnosis and management of allograft rejection and cyclosporine nephrotoxicity. PMID- 3907037 TI - A randomized study of intravenous fluid replacement following living-donor renal transplantation. AB - Fourteen adult recipients of living-donor kidneys preserved with ice-cold intracellular electrolyte solution were randomly assigned to receive either high fluid replacement (total volume of urine output + 30 ml/hr) or low fluid replacement (constant 125 ml/hr) during the first 48 hr after grafting. High replacement recipients had significantly higher fluid intake and urine output than did low replacement recipients. However, net fluid balance at the end of the 48-hr study period was positive for both groups and not significantly different. Fractional excretion of sodium was directly related to urine output in all patients. Serum osmolality, serum sodium concentration, and urine sodium concentration were not significantly different in the treatment groups. Urine osmolality was significantly higher in the low-replacement group at 24 and 36 hr after transplantation. The i.v. replacement of total urinary output is unnecessary in adult recipients of living-donor kidneys preserved with ice-cold intracellular electrolyte solution because such grafts can conserve sodium and water immediately after transplantation. PMID- 3907038 TI - A seven-year experience with donor-specific blood transfusions. Results and considerations for maximum efficacy. AB - Two hundred thirty-nine transplants have been performed following donor-specific blood transfusions (DSTs) since 1978. Graft and patient survival in 1- and 0 haplotype-matched transplants with DST pretreatment is comparable to HLA identical results through 4 years. Graft survival in 174 consecutive nondiabetic, non-HLA-identical DST recipients shows that the transfusion effect persists for at least 4 years, with graft survival of 88 +/- 3% at that time, compared with 83 +/- 4% in the concurrent HLA-identical group. Graft function, as determined by serum creatinine, was the same in both groups. Graft and patient survival in 20 0 haplotype matched pairs with DST pretreatment is 100% at 2 years. Low-dose Imuran coverage during DST administration (n = 91) was compared with a concurrent group with no Imuran (n = 93). Imuran had its maximum effect in patients undergoing their first transplant and with a pre-DST PRA less than 10% (12% vs. 21% sensitization rate in the no-Imuran group). Imuran did not appear to confer any beneficial effect in primary transplants with high PRAs and in patients undergoing a second or third transplant. The majority of patients formally excluded from transplantation because of a post-DST positive B-warm crossmatch can now be successfully transplanted with the use of flow cytometry analysis to rule out previously undetectable low levels of anti-T-lymphocyte antibodies. Of 62 patients with a positive B-warm crossmatch alone since 1982, 73% had a subsequent negative fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) crossmatch permitting transplantation. Preliminary results of a DST and cyclosporine treatment study are described. In conclusion, a long-term immunologic effect of DST has been confirmed and the indications and considerations for optimum use of the DST protocol have been more clearly defined. PMID- 3907039 TI - Single-donor cold storage versus machine perfusion in cadaver kidney preservation. AB - Preservation of thirty-eight consecutive renal allograft donors was studied in a prospective, randomized protocol. Procurement was in-situ cooled, en-bloc nephrectomy accomplished by a single program. Nine pairs were deleted because of nonutilization of one kidney or change in mode of preservation. The remaining twenty nine pairs were implanted by twenty two institutions through usual organ sharing policies. Results showed that posttransplantation dialysis was required in 17% of machine-perfused and 63% of cold-stored allografts, which reached statistical significance (P less than 0.01). This increased number of dialyses in patients receiving the cold-stored kidneys offsets cost savings achieved through transporting cold stored allografts. This study shows machine-perfused renal allografts to be superior to paired, cold-stored allografts when analyzed with respect to early graft function. PMID- 3907040 TI - Clinical presentation of hepatic artery thrombosis after liver transplantation in the cyclosporine era. AB - Hepatic artery thrombosis is a dreadful complication of orthotopic liver transplantation. It should be suspected in cases of fulminant liver failure, delayed bile leak, or intermittent sepsis of unknown cause after liver transplantation. Accurate diagnosis is assisted by ultrasound and computerized tomography scans, but usually requires arteriography. Prompt retransplantation is required in most of the cases. PMID- 3907041 TI - Identification of the antibody to vascular endothelial cells in patients undergoing cardiac transplantation. AB - Acute cardiac dysfunction occurred in four cardiac allograft recipients with negative donor-specific lymphocyte crossmatches. In two recipients the transplanted heart was removed and the patients were maintained on bypass for several hours until a second cardiac allograft was available. In these patients the second transplanted heart also underwent acute dysfunction. The lymphocyte crossmatch was again negative in both second transplants. Two of the four recipients had no detectable antibody to a panel of lymphocytes. Examination of the hearts demonstrated histologic findings consistent with hyperacute rejection. Direct immunofluorescence performed on the transplanted hearts revealed the presence of immunoglobulin and complement deposited on the vascular endothelium. Pathology data was available on 3 of the 4 patients who experienced acute cardiac dysfunction. Pretransplant sera from these four recipients were screened for the presence of antivascular endothelial cell (VEC) antibody. The sera from all four recipients were found to contain antibody against an endothelial cell panel. In addition, donor-specific aorta and vena cava were available from one of the heart donors. The recipient was found to have donor-specific antibody to VEC. Thus, antibody directed against VEC specific antigens appears to be related to hyperacute rejection of heart allografts. PMID- 3907042 TI - 100 living-related kidney donor evaluations using digital subtraction angiography. AB - Intravenous digital subtraction angiography (IV-DSA) combined with excretory urography was used to evaluate the renal anatomy of 100 potential living-related kidney donors. Each of the 100 patients underwent subsequent nephrectomy to verify the number and distribution of renal vessels. For the entire series, 71 patients had bilateral single, 2 bilateral multiple and 27 multiple renal arteries on one side determined by angiography. Eleven patients required standard catheter angiography due to inadequate IV-DSA studies. Four patients who had a single artery imaged by IV-DSA were found to have an additional vessel at the operation. The overall accuracy of IV-DSA to identify the number of renal vessels was 96% (85/89). The sensitivity of the exam was 100% (94/94) and the specificity was 67% (4/6). It is concluded that IV-DSA combined with excretory urography is a safe, cost effective, and suitable method to image the renal anatomy of potential kidney donors. Thus about 90% of donors can be spared the risks and inconvenience of standard angiography, and the donor evaluation can now be performed on an outpatient basis. PMID- 3907043 TI - Renal allograft cell infiltrates associated with irreversible rejection. AB - All 74 renal transplant biopsies performed between 11/78 and 8/84 at Duke University and Durham VA Medical Centers having cellular infiltrates that could be phenotyped by immunoperoxidase labeling were examined to identify histologic and immunopathologic features which correlated with rejection. Monoclonal antibodies identifying hematopoietic cells, T cells, T helper cells, T cytotoxic suppressor cells, macrophages, and B cells were used, and each phenotype population was graded separately based on pattern of infiltration: cortical diffuse (CD), perivascular (PV), and cortical-aggregate (CA). Histologic and immunofluorescent studies were used to evaluate acute (humoral) and cellular types of vascular and interstitial inflammation. By univariate analysis, patients having irreversible rejection within 10 weeks postbiopsy (n = 23) had significantly higher grades of both acute vascular (humoral) inflammation and TC S cell infiltrates in a CD pattern as compared with those who had good graft function. Multivariate (Cox regression) analysis was also performed considering biopsy changes, therapy before and after biopsy, and intervals between transplant, rejection onset, and biopsy--as well as other factors potentially affecting the biopsy or graft outcome. Of nine cell phenotype-pattern combinations, only TC-S infiltrates in a CD pattern were associated with a significant (P less than 0.03) relative risk (RR) of subsequent failure from rejection (RR = 8.2). When those cases with significant acute (humoral) inflammation (n = 10) were excluded, the relative risk of TC-S-CD infiltrates increased to 46.4 (P less than 0.04). These findings indicate that the location, as well as the number and type of cell infiltrates are critical in evaluating cellular forms of rejection, and that the extent of diffuse, cortical TC-S infiltration on biopsy provides the greatest predictor of subsequent irreversible graft failure. PMID- 3907044 TI - Immunologic studies of the prediabetic stage in the spontaneous autoimmune diabetes mellitus of the BB rat. AB - Twenty-eight BB diabetes-prone rats underwent prospective analysis to determine levels of circulating Ia antigen-bearing "activated" T lymphocytes prior to 50 days of age using mouse antirat monoclonal antibodies OX6 (anti-Ia) and W3/13 (anti-T-cell) and a fluorescence-activated cell sorter. Pancreatic biopsies were obtained within 48 hrs of lymphocyte sampling and histologically examined for the presence of a lymphocytic infiltrate. Elevated levels of "activated" T lymphocytes (above 4.00%) accurately identified a prediabetic stage and predicted which BB rats would subsequently become diabetic (93% sensitivity). The insulitis lesion occurs in the latter portion of this immunologically defined prediabetic stage just prior to the development of hyperglycemia. This observation suggests that islet cell destruction represents the final focus of a chronic immune response. PMID- 3907045 TI - The role of donor lymphoid cells in the transfer of allograft tolerance. AB - Tolerance to murine skin allografts across a MHC disparity was induced by conditioning primary hosts with sublethal fractionated total-body irradiation (FTBI) and transfusion of allogeneic bone marrow (BM). Tolerance could be adoptively transferred to secondary hosts conditioned by FTBI with infusion of spleen cells from hosts bearing intact skin allografts greater than 60 days. Tolerance could not be transferred by tolerant host spleen (THS) preparations from which cells of the donor genotype had been deleted by cytotoxic alloantisera. Deletion of host genotype cells, however, did not diminish the capability of THS to transfer tolerance. All of the tolerizing activity of THS appeared to reside within cells of the donor genotype. Small numbers of normal donor spleen cells could induce tolerance in FTBI hosts but only at the expense of very high mortality, in contrast to the low mortality observed with tolerizing injections of allogeneic donor cells from THS or injections of normal semiallogeneic F1 hybrid spleen cells. If an active immune response is responsible for tolerance induction/transfer in this model, allogeneic donor lymphoid cells derived from BM, in contrast to donor spleen cells, must be capable of mounting this response without concomitant severe GVHD. In future experiments, cells of donor genotype can be isolated from THS and purified in sufficient numbers to compare their tolerizing efficiency vs. that of normal donor cells, detect possible suppression of normal host cell alloreactivity in vitro and identify the donor cell phenotypes involved. PMID- 3907046 TI - Cyclosporine and experimental skin allografts. II. Indefinite survival and development of specific immunologic unresponsiveness. AB - Immunological unresponsiveness toward skin allografts was studied in cyclosporine (CsA)-treated rats. BN skin grafts survive about 22 days and about 34 days in LEW hosts following 7 or 14 days of daily CsA treatment (15 mg/kg/day), respectively; in unmodified hosts grafts are rejected by 9 days. Indefinite (greater than 100 days) survival can, however, be produced by administering maintenance 15 mg/kg CsA every fourth day, following an initial course of the agent for 14 days. Early signs of graft rejection (hair loss, localized epidermal breakdown, and ulcerations) occurring in some animals were reversed by a CsA "pulse" (15 mg/kg/day) for 7 days, reduced gradually to the maintenance dose. CsA was equally effective when started as late as 4 days after grafting, but ineffectual when started after day 4. Once BN grafts were rejected, the agent could not prevent second-set rejection of donor-specific grafts, but significantly prolonged the survival of third-party (WF) skins. Survival of original BN grafts was unchanged by the placement of second BN grafts during both the inductive and maintenance phases; these second grafts survived as long as the original grafts. In contrast, secondary third-party (WF) grafts were promptly rejected; their destruction did not influence survival of the original grafts. Thus, indefinite survival of rat skin allografts is feasible with low maintenance doses of CsA. Graft rejection at later stages can be reversed by resuming daily therapy. Host unresponsiveness is stable and specific both during the early inductive and later maintenance phases. PMID- 3907047 TI - Growth response of an adult hypoplastic kidney transplanted in a living-related recipient. PMID- 3907048 TI - Living-related donor renal transplantation in children presenting with end-stage renal disease in the first month of life. PMID- 3907049 TI - First International Symposium on Relevant Immunological Factors in Clinical Kidney Transplantation. Heidelberg, F.R. Germany, June 19-21, 1985. PMID- 3907050 TI - Organ donors in the eighties: the Minister's Task Force on Kidney Donation. Ministry of Health, Province of Ontario, Canada. PMID- 3907051 TI - Emotionally related donors and renal transplantation. AB - Published medical and psychological evidence now available strongly supports the widening of donor sources to include the emotionally related donor. Irrespective of the benefit conferred by a living related over an unrelated donor, it now seems indefensible to refuse the donation of a kidney from an emotionally related individual to a recipient who meets the required criteria. An absence of other donor sources, the existence of preformed antibodies, or priority on the transplant list all seem to us to be compelling reasons to consider the use of the emotionally related donor. This is especially true when the psycho-social assessment reveals a true volunteer who is likely to derive psychological benefit from the donation and where "donation consensus" exists within the family. PMID- 3907052 TI - Transplantation in the 80s: a blueprint for success. PMID- 3907053 TI - Organ donors in the eighties: The Ministers Task Force on Kidney Donation. Introduction. PMID- 3907054 TI - Eye banking: a growth story. PMID- 3907055 TI - Cryopreservation of skin: a review. PMID- 3907056 TI - Commerce in tissue and organs. PMID- 3907057 TI - Organ procurement in Munich: financial and organizational aspects. AB - The Transplantation Center at the University of Munich is like all other German centers financially supported by the Insurance Companies via a non-profit organization (Kuratorium fur Heimdialyse e.V.). The financial modalities are based on the arrangement that the Insurance Companies pay a certain amount for each transplantation to the non-profit organization. This institution, in cooperation with the University, uses this money to cover all extra expenses arising in the field of organ procurement as well as clinical transplantation (providing additional staff, equipment, etc). This model of a transplant center (ie, cooperation between University and non-University institutions) proved to be successful in the past 9 years. There was a steady increase of donor nephrectomies (200 donor kidneys in 1984) as well as kidney transplantations (171 transplantations in 1984). PMID- 3907058 TI - Bone banking and clinical applications. PMID- 3907059 TI - The nervous system in malaria. PMID- 3907060 TI - Cerebrospinal fluid folate activity in patients with Plasmodium falciparum cerebral malaria. AB - Serum and CSF folate levels were determined simultaneously in 28 patients with P. falciparum cerebral malaria. Both mean values were found to be significantly lower than those of normal subjects reported earlier. Ten (35%) and nine (32%) patients showed low serum and CSF folate respectively. Altogether seven patients had low folate levels in both serum and CSF. After being treated in the hospital for one week, both serum and CSF folate levels increased in nine convalescent subjects. The CSF folate levels were statistically significantly higher than those of the acute malarial stage. These findings indicated that both serum and CSF folate levels were depressed in patients with cerebral malaria and increased after recovery. PMID- 3907062 TI - [Immunological and functional characteristics of the blast cells in acute monoblastic and acute myeloblastic leukemias]. AB - The increase in the expression of membrane receptors of monoblast cells to the Fc fragment of immunoglobulins of classes IgG, IgA, IgM, to the C3-component of complement and FcH receptor in 8 patients with acute monoblastic leukemia and in 3 patients with acute myelomonoblastic leukemia, compared to results obtained for 11 patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia. Leukemic cells in the cases of acute myelomonoblastic and monoblastic leukemia maintained such properties of the phagocytosis (restoring Nitro-blue tetrazolium). Distinctions in degrees of expression of membrane receptors and functional activity of monoblastic and myeloblastic cells may be used as criteria of differential diagnosis of acute monoblastic and acute myeloblastic leukemia. PMID- 3907061 TI - Mediterranean spotted fever in the South of France; serosurvey of dogs. AB - The authors tested 481 dog sera from the South of France for Rickettsia conorii antibodies using an Indirect Immunofluorescent Antibody Technique. Eighty percent of the sera were positive at a dilution of 1:32 and 45% at a dilution of 1:128. The authors conclude that this provides evidence of the endemic situation of Mediterranean Spotted Fever in the South of France. PMID- 3907063 TI - [Effect of irradiation on the intensity of chromatin protein synthesis in the rat liver during protection with serotonin in pulsed inhibition of translation by cycloheximide]. AB - The model of impulse translation inhibition by cycloheximide in the rat liver was used for studying the combined and separate effect of serotonin and irradiation on the intensity of synthesis of chromatin proteins (histones and nonhistone proteins). Irradiation induces a considerable inhibition of the protein synthesis intensity, while serotonin has a contrary action, that under conditions of subsequent irradiation provides an increase in the synthesis level of histones and nonhistone proteins. Possible mechanisms of the irradiation and serotonin effect on the synthesis processes of chromatin proteins in the organism are discussed. PMID- 3907065 TI - [Buprenorphine (Temgesic), fentanyl (Haldid) and pentazocine (Fortral) in flunitrazepam (Rohypnol)-based anesthesia]. PMID- 3907064 TI - [Proteinases in the study of amino acid sequences in proteins]. AB - The proteolytic action of trypsin, chymotrypsin, submaxillary gland proteinases, Lys-C, Staphylococcus aureus st. V8, Armilarria mellea, Mixobacter AL-2 proteinase II, thermolysin and alpha-lytic proteinase is elucidated from the analysis of te data available on the amino acid sequence studies for above 70 proteins. Properties of a series of commercial enzymic preparations and the way of preferential application of proteinases for studying the amino acid sequence are discussed. PMID- 3907066 TI - [Tetanus in the Faeroe Islands. A retrospective study of 9 cases, a questionnaire study for local physicians and a bacteriological examination of the soil]. PMID- 3907067 TI - [Pathological conditions with eosinophilia in the peripheral blood]. PMID- 3907068 TI - [Immunologic infertility. Antibodies to spermatozoa as the cause of infertility]. PMID- 3907069 TI - [Operative treatment of low cancer of the rectum before and after introduction of autosuturing instruments]. PMID- 3907070 TI - [Biparietal measurements, human placental lactogenic hormone and estradiol in the evaluation of the fetus]. PMID- 3907071 TI - [The value of gastric aspiration with a wide-bored tube prior to emergency anesthesia]. PMID- 3907072 TI - [Gastric aspiration wih 2 different gastric tubes during anesthesia]. PMID- 3907073 TI - [Postoperative intestinal atony and vasopressin. A randomized study of the effect of administration of vasopressin on the duration of postoperative intestinal atony]. PMID- 3907074 TI - [Bisocadyl in the treatment of postoperative intestinal atony]. PMID- 3907075 TI - [Incision or primary suture in acute pilonidal abscesses. A prospective randomized study]. PMID- 3907076 TI - [Treatment of hemophilia A and von Willebrand's disease with 1-deamino-8-D arginine vasopressin (DDAVP). Hemophilia and DDAVP]. PMID- 3907077 TI - [Bronchopulmonary dysplasia treated with continuous positive pressure (super CPAP)]. PMID- 3907078 TI - [Tonsillar and rectal gonorrhea. The value of routine culture for gonococci from the tonsils and rectum]. PMID- 3907079 TI - [Transplantation of the pancreas]. PMID- 3907080 TI - [The mucolytic effects of acetylcysteine compared with bromhexine and a placebo in patients with chronic bronchitis]. PMID- 3907081 TI - [Recent methods of inducing labor]. PMID- 3907082 TI - [Combined plastic surgery of the anterior cruciate ligament with pedicled periosteal flap and cutis strip]. AB - In view of the increasing incidence of injuries to the knee ligament and the persisting problems associated with the substitution of the cruciate ligament, a new combined reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament is presented which is performed with a pedicle periosteous flap and a cutaneous stripe. The advantages of the technically simple method using mechanically and biologically valuable substitutes are discussed. PMID- 3907083 TI - [Experimental studies of ligament replacement]. AB - In a mechanically stable situation (ligament transposition), the material allows capillary vessels to grow into the prosthesis, but it does neither induce the formation of a "neo-ligament" by dody-own tissue nor an interweaving of the nascent parallel collagenic fibres with one another. No direct contact between polyethylene and bone is built at the fixation points. Apparently this material is not suitable for being used as tendon substitute, and its applicability as a ligament substitute is limited because the mechanical properties which are acceptable until 500 days after the implantation are lost after this period and a good tolerance can only be achieved under certain, most restricted conditions. PMID- 3907084 TI - [Treatment of fresh and aged cruciate ligament ruptures with combined autologous and alloplastic reinforced tendon transplant (polypropylene ligament)]. AB - After discussing basic problems in repair and reconstruction of acute as well as secondary anterior cruciate ligament-lesions authors present a modified Kennedy MacIntosh technique of acl-reconstruction. Temporary compensation of loss in tensile strength of the autograft (quadriceps-patellar-tendon) is achieved by an 8 mm Polypropylene band with excellent biocompatibility and mechanical characteristics. "Biological fixation" of the distal part of the tendon-graft avoids "stress shielding" and physiological applied stress may lead to remodeling and structuring in the sense of functional adaptation. Acute acl-ruptures are sutured or reinserted and treated with fibrine-tissue-glue. Furthermore a semitendinosus-autograft combined with a 6 mm Polypropylene band is added. Details of the operations-procedure are presented as well as steps in postoperative treatment. Early results and complications are finally discussed. PMID- 3907086 TI - Congenital penile deviation and straightening of the penis using the Nesbit Kelami technique. AB - A simpler and more effective technique for the treatment of congenital penile deviation is described. From a total of 80 patients operated on for congenital penile deviation, 45 were treated successfully according to this new technique. PMID- 3907085 TI - Modification of scuba regulator for IPPV. AB - Attention is appropriately being focused on the performance of adequate cardiopulmonary resuscitation in aquatic situations. We modified the second stage (mouthpiece) of a standard scuba regulator to permit intermittent positive pressure ventilation using either a mask or an esophageal obturator airway. Tests demonstrated the inexpensive modification to function adequately for emergency ventilation. PMID- 3907087 TI - Noninvasive ultrasound in detecting and staging bladder carcinoma. AB - Patients with suspected bladder abnormalities were examined by noninvasive suprapubic sonography to define the accuracy of ultrasound for detecting and staging bladder carcinomas. In 103 patients, 65 tumors were found by cystoscopy, of which sonography detected 61 (94%). Four lesions less than 2-3 mm were missed at the bladder dome, the ventral wall, and side wall. The sonographic staging was correct in 83% of all tumor stages with the lowest value of 69% for T2/T3a tumors; excluding recurrent tumors, the overall accuracy increased. From these results, suprapubic sonography is considered to be a reliable noninvasive technique for detecting bladder tumors and for preoperative local staging. The staging results are comparable with reports in the literature on the accuracy of intravesical sonography. PMID- 3907088 TI - Sonography of infantile polycystic kidney disease. AB - Seven children aged 1 day to 12 years with infantile polycystic kidney disease (IPCD) were evaluated by a new high-resolution real-time ultrasound scanner. Instead of the monotonous increased echogenicity of renal parenchyma seen with earlier ultrasound equipment, the echo texture of IPCD became more differentiated, showing disseminated tiny cysts associated with high-amplitude echoes. Even in the newborn, cysts as small as 2 mm in diameter could be detected. Analysis of the new sonographic features of IPCD reveals specific "pepper and salt" and "striped" patterns. In association with such well-known sonographic findings as bilateral enlarged kidneys and poor definition of renal sinus, medulla, and cortex, this pattern allows one to make the final diagnosis of IPCD. PMID- 3907089 TI - Sonography of lung carcinoma metastatic to the kidney. AB - Metastasis of primary lung cancer to the kidney is commonly discovered at autopsy, but the diagnosis is rarely made antemortem. Four cases are reported with ultrasound findings and the literature on the subject is reviewed. PMID- 3907090 TI - Lithiasic complications of renal transplantation: the donor graft lithiasis concept. AB - Lithiasis is usually a late complication of renal transplantation reported in approximately 1% of all renal allografts. Underlying predisposing conditions for the formation of calculi are present in almost all cases. Preexisting stones in the donor kidney have been reported once previously. The authors have observed 2 such cases, detected by routine sonography. In 1 case, stone migration into the ureter led to acute postoperative transplant failure; this complication has been reported previously. PMID- 3907091 TI - Postbiopsy renal allograft arteriovenous fistula: therapeutic embolization. AB - Two patients with large, postbiopsy renal allograft arteriovenous fistulae are presented. One patient also had a renal artery anastomotic stenosis. Prominent clinical features in these cases were deterioration of allograft function and severe hypertension. Following therapeutic embolization, combined with balloon angioplasty in the second patient, there was marked improvement in allograft function and a return to normal blood pressure. PMID- 3907092 TI - Urachal carcinoma. AB - Urachal carcinoma is a rare tumor that often does not manifest clinically until late in its course. Several radiographic features are helpful in suggesting the diagnosis preoperatively. We present a case of urachal carcinoma in which preoperative evaluation included magnetic resonance imaging. This technique was helpful not only in suggesting the diagnosis preoperatively, but also, and more importantly, in the preoperative staging of the neoplasm. PMID- 3907094 TI - Free full thickness (patch) graft urethroplasty: long-term follow-up. AB - Thirty-two patients underwent free, full thickness skin (patch) graft urethroplasties between September, 1974, and May, 1978. Sixty-five per cent of the 23 patients available for five-year follow-up had good results from grafts ranging from 3 to 14 cm in length. In patients with good one-year results strictures did not develop during the review period, suggesting the need for only short-term follow-up in this group. PMID- 3907093 TI - Perinephric and intrarenal abscesses. AB - Perinephric and intrarenal abscesses remain a significant source of morbidity and mortality as well as a diagnostic dilemma. The history, epidemiology, disease classification, etiology, diagnosis, and treatment are reviewed, with special attention to new diagnostic and treatment modalities. PMID- 3907095 TI - Microwave surgical treatment of diseases of prostate. AB - A new transurethral probe for microwave radiation of the prostate has been developed. As a preliminary experiment, sliced ham was radiated with microwaves using this probe in order to evaluate the extent of thermal effect. Using mongrel male dogs, microwave coagulation of the prostate was examined. These animal experiments showed marked destruction of the prostate gland. Furthermore, the safety of this method was confirmed on the basis of results from the experiments. Prostatic bladder neck obstruction also has been treated in 6 patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy or carcinoma of the prostate by this technique. There has been no mortality and also no complications. The results of this preliminary clinical trial have been excellent. PMID- 3907096 TI - Classic articles of urology revisited. Unsuspected carcinoma of the prostate in suprapubic prostatectomy specimens. A clinicopathological study of 55 consecutive cases. By Walter C. Bauer, Malcolm H. McGavran, M. Richard Carlin.1960. PMID- 3907097 TI - Controlling the cost of medical care--can the medical director help? Panel discussion. PMID- 3907098 TI - [Classification of the methods of skin autoplasty]. AB - The authors propose a classification of methods of skin plasty. It is based on two main features: the anatomical structure of the autoplasty material and the state of its blood circulation. PMID- 3907100 TI - [An instrument for microsurgical operations on the nerves]. PMID- 3907099 TI - [Perforated gastric and duodenal ulcers in patients over 60]. PMID- 3907101 TI - [Reasons for the rare finding of the site of pleural rupture in patients with pneumothorax and other complications]. PMID- 3907102 TI - [Cryogenic action in abdominal surgery]. PMID- 3907103 TI - [Effect of low-intensity laser radiation on wound microflora]. AB - The authors have established that the laser radiation of low intensity fails to exert bactericide influence on the wound microflora. The positive effect of the laser light of low intensity in the complex treatment of purulent wounds and trophic ulcers seems to be due to the total influence on the patient's organism and the local pathological process. PMID- 3907104 TI - [Thoracoplasty in scoliosis in children]. AB - The article presents results of resection of costal humpback in 102 patients with scoliosis. Subperiosteal resection of the costal humpback without a fixation of the spine gave insufficient results, while resection of the humpback with a fixation of the spine with the Harrington distractor gave satisfactory results. Methods of decompressive thoracoplasty of the concave side of the chest in scoliosis were developed and used in 22 operations. Satisfactory cosmetic and functional results were obtained. No progress of scoliosis was noted. Within a year the lung volume became 2,8% greater as compared with the initial parameters. PMID- 3907105 TI - Pulmonary edema. AB - It is important to have an understanding of pulmonary edema because of the frequency of its occurrence in companion animals, the deleterious cardiopulmonary responses to edema, its relation to an underlying primary disease, and the potential for successful treatment. The article begins with a brief description of normal pulmonary fluid physiology and pathophysiology and includes discussions of the etiologies and mechanisms of edema formation, the physiologic abnormalities that occur in response to pulmonary edema, and the diagnosis and therapy of pulmonary edema. PMID- 3907106 TI - Inhalation therapy. Oxygen administration, humidification, and aerosol therapy. AB - In addition to receiving treatment for the primary disease, patients with advanced respiratory disorders may benefit from other forms of respiratory support. This article discusses three techniques of inhalation therapy that will aid in maintaining an optimal pulmonary environment and in normalizing arterial oxygenation. The role of aerosol therapy in direct intrapulmonary administration of pharmaceuticals is also discussed. PMID- 3907107 TI - Pleural effusions and diseases of the pleura. AB - There are four factors that govern fluid movement to or from the pleural space: hydrostatic pressure, colloid osmotic pressure, filtration coefficient, and lymphatic function. When any of these factors are altered, fluid accumulates within the pleural space. Congestive heart failure, pancreatitis, neoplasia, hypoalbuminemia, and pulmonary thromboembolism can evoke pleural effusions by altering normal fluid transport mechanisms. This approach to pleural effusion helps to explain fluid accumulation. Chylothorax, hemothorax, and empyema are also covered in the article. PMID- 3907108 TI - Canine chronic bronchitis. AB - The diagnosis and management of the chronic bronchitis patient can be a challenging, but rewarding, task for the veterinarian. The normal respiratory defense mechanisms and the pathophysiologic responses to the pathologic changes are of dramatic importance in understanding the choices of therapy. The keys to successful management of the patient lie in correct assessment of the clinical features and diagnostic procedures and periodic reevaluation of the patient's response to therapy and age/environment-related progression of pathology. Lastly, the clinician must create a realistic attitude for the owner regarding chronically diseased patients. PMID- 3907109 TI - Symposium on respiratory diseases. PMID- 3907110 TI - Chronic bronchial disease of the cat. AB - This discussion of chronic bronchial disease in the cat includes a discussion of the functional anatomy and physiology of the feline lung, the immunologic aspects of the disease, the role of infections, and particulate aerosols and noxious gases in the etiology and clinical course of feline asthma and chronic bronchitis, and the pathology and diagnosis of chronic bronchitis. PMID- 3907111 TI - Mycotic pneumonias. AB - Mycotic pneumonias are common problems seen in small companion animals because of the wide environmental distribution of fungi and their use of airborne spores for reproduction. This article outlines the important clinical features and pathogenesis of mycotic pneumonias and includes a detailed discussion of the therapeutic approach to patients with these infections. PMID- 3907112 TI - Pulmonary manifestations of heartworm disease. AB - The clinical signs associated with heartworm disease are the result of changes in the pulmonary arterial system. These clinical signs are the result of either pulmonary hypertension or lung parenchymal disease associated with vascular changes. An increase in pulmonary arterial pressure produces an increase in right ventricular afterload, which may lead to exercise intolerance, syncope, and right sided congestive heart failure. Coughing, dyspnea, and hemoptysis are the results of pulmonary parenchymal disease. PMID- 3907113 TI - Protection of the nursing pig against experimentally induced enteric colibacillosis by vaccination of dam with fimbrial antigens of E coli (K88, K99 and 987P). AB - Pregnant gilts were vaccinated with two doses of alhydrogel adsorbed fimbrial antigens of Escherichia coli (K88ab, K88ac, K99 and 987P) supplemented with beta toxoid of Clostridium perfringens type C. Their piglets, and piglets of nonvaccinated gilts, were subsequently orogastrically challenged with one or other of the four fimbrial types of enteropathogenic E coli. Some of the vaccinated animals were reinjected with a single dose of the vaccine during second gestation and their piglets, and piglets of non-vaccinated sows, were challenged the same way as were litters of gilts. Blood serum and colostra were examined for antibodies to the four fimbrial antigens of E coli and for antitoxin to beta toxin of C perfringens type C. It was found that: (1) a highly significant reduction in mortality and morbidity was achieved in vaccinated litters against all four challenge strains of E coli; (2) excretion of K88ab and K88ac but not of K99 and 987P challenge strains was significantly reduced; (3) revaccination of sows by a single dose of the vaccine during second gestation conferred complete protection against mortality and highly significant protection against morbidity; (4) no correlation was noted between colostral or seroagglutinins to fimbrial antigens of E coli and mortality rates in litters challenged with homologous fimbrial types of E coli, but good correlation was found between colostral precipitins to K88 antigens and mortality rates in litters; (5) antitoxin value in 97 per cent of colostrum of vaccinated sows was 10 iu equivalent of C perfringens type C toxin or more per ml of colostrum. PMID- 3907114 TI - Sequential lesions of experimental bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis. AB - A strain of Pasteurella haemolytica biotype A serotype 1, which had been isolated from a pathologically-confirmed outbreak of bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis, was used successfully to reproduce the disease in conventional calves. The development of the various pathological features was studied at regular intervals following infection. The acute inflammatory reaction which had developed by day 2 after initial infection was characterised by flooding of the alveoli by oedema and neutrophils together with a mild degree of bronchiolar epithelial necrosis. This progressed to an acute exudative fibrinous pneumonia with extensive involvement of the interlobular septa and often with pleurisy. Subsequently, these pulmonary lesions became walled off by fibrous tissue which became infiltrated by plasma cells and lymphocytes. At this stage organisms could be demonstrated only within these nodules in the lung tissue. PMID- 3907115 TI - Pregnancy diagnosis in the dog: a comparison between abdominal palpation and linear-array real-time echography. AB - This paper presents quantitative results of canine pregnancy diagnoses performed by abdominal palpation and/or linear-array real-time echography. Each animal was first palpated by an experienced clinician and then another investigator performed ultrasound scanning using a 3 MHz transducer. In other dogs echography was undertaken only when the result of abdominal palpation was negative or doubtful or when the owner requested ultrasound scanning. Using all tests performed between days 20 and 49 of pregnancy (day 0 = day of first mating or insemination), the results of abdominal palpation (n = 116) versus real-time scanning (n = 135) were: sensitivity: 89.0% v 92.9%; specificity: 93% v 96.0%; positive predictive value: 95.6% v 97.5%; negative predictive value: 83.3% v 88.9%. Results of ultrasound tests performed in 97 other dogs were: sensitivity: 92.4%; specificity: 97.7%; positive predictive value: 98.0% and negative predictive value: 91.4%. Almost identical figures were found when only the tests performed between days 25 and 35 of pregnancy were included. It was concluded that real-time ultrasound scanning is an accurate method for discriminating between pregnant and non-pregnant bitches; sensitivity and specificity of the abdominal palpation technique executed by an experienced clinician approach that of ultrasound scanning; small litter size and lack of knowledge of conception date are the main sources of false negative diagnoses. PMID- 3907116 TI - Accuracy of pregnancy diagnosis and prediction of foetal numbers in sheep with linear-array real-time ultrasound scanning. AB - Pregnancy diagnosis was carried out in sheep by means of transabdominal linear array real-time ultrasound scanning. Animals were restrained standing, and the transducer was placed on the hairless area of the ventral abdominal wall just in front of the udder. Of a total of 818 tests, 724 were performed between days 29 and 89 of pregnancy, 598 animals subsequently lambed and 126 were non-lambing animals. Only 8 of these tests were wrong: 3 false positive and 5 false negative diagnoses. Sensitivity, specificity, positive- and negative predictive values for these tests were 99.2%, 97.6%, 99.5%, and 96% respectively. There was evidence to indicate that the three false positive tests were caused by foetal mortality or unobserved abortions that took place after testing. Only 2 of the 5 false negative tests were carried out after day 39 of gestation. Counting of foetal numbers (1, 2 or 3) was performed in only some animals (n = 210) between days 45 and 77 of gestation. Three groups of animals (A: 89 ewes; B: 27 PMSG-treated ewes; C: 94 ewes) were analyzed separately. Overall accuracy of all predictions was 83.1%, 37.0% and 78.7% for the 3 groups respectively. Animals in group B produced only 3 or more lambs. Sensitivity of the countings of singles, twins and triplets or more were 90.4%, 90.4% and 50% respectively for the animals from group A and 91.9%, 86% and 21.4% for the animals from group C.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3907117 TI - Pregnancy diagnosis in cows with linear-array real-time ultrasound scanning: a preliminary note. AB - Pregnancy diagnoses were performed under farm conditions in 201 cows (Hungarian Red Pied and crossbreds with Holstein) between 21 and 70 days after last insemination date, using a linear-array real-time ultrasound scanner with a 3.0 MHz rectal transducer. Identification of (a) sharply demarcated black area(s) and/or an embryo within the uterus were used as criterions for pregnancy. Pregnancy was confirmed by rectal examination at 6 and/or 8 weeks after A.I. From the total number of correct positive diagnoses (n = 129), incorrect positive diagnoses (n = 3, made on days 36, 40 and 44 after A I), correct negative diagnoses (n = 62) and incorrect negative diagnoses (n = 7, made on days 25, 28, 28, 29, 30, 31, and 33 after A I), a sensitivity of 94.8%, a specificity of 95,3%, a positive predictive value of 97.7% and a negative predictive value of 89.8% were calculated. From these preliminary results it was concluded that real time ultrasound scanning is a useful and reliable technique for early pregnancy diagnosis in cows. It is suggested that a combination of milk/plasma progesterone estimation between days 21 and 24 and real-time ultrasound scanning between days 25 and 45 would allow the confirmation and quantification of (late) embryonic mortality in the cow. PMID- 3907118 TI - Pregnancy diagnosis in pigs: a field study comparing linear-array real-time ultrasound scanning and amplitude depth analysis. AB - Between days 24 and 32 after mating/insemination, 881 pigs (785 pregnant and 96 not-pregnant) were tested for pregnancy on a commercial farm with a linear-array real-time ultrasound scanner. 5-7 Days later, 785 of these animals (708 pregnant and 77 not-pregnant) were tested again with A-mode equipment by farm employees. Confirmation of pregnancy was based on recorded farrowings or abortions; confirmation of non-pregnancy was based on return to oestrus and rebreeding, recorded non-farrowing, or inspection of the uterus of culled animals at the slaughterhouse. From the number of correct positive (a), incorrect positive (b), correct negative (c) and incorrect negative (d) diagnoses, a sensitivity (a/a + d) of 100% versus 97.5%, a specificity (c/c + b) of 90.6 versus 55.8%, a positive predictive value (a:a + b) of 98.9% versus 95.3% and a negative predictive value (c:c + d) of 100% versus 70.5% were calculated for the real-time ultrasound technique versus A-mode technique. It was concluded that real-time ultrasound scanning provides a very accurate technique for pregnancy diagnosis in pigs, enabling immediate decision making on treatment or culling of animals diagnosed as non-pregnant. PMID- 3907119 TI - Research in the field of nucleic acids performed in the "Stefan S. Nicolau" Institute of Virology. AB - A review is made of the research in the field of nucleic acids performed in the "Stefan S. Nicolau" Institute of Virology. The results obtained as regards the infectivity of viral nucleic acids, the oncogenic capacity of nucleic acids extracted from tumors, the isolation, characterization, physicochemical and biological activity of viral and cellular nucleic acids, as well as some achievements in recombinant DNA technology, are briefly presented. PMID- 3907120 TI - Transcriptive complex of Newcastle disease virus. II. Structural and functional assembly associated with the cytoskeletal framework. AB - The transcriptive complex, the nucleocapsid with the viral RNA-synthesizing activity, of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) contains three protein components, the major structural subunit (NP) and two associated proteins (P and L) involved in the RNA synthesis. We studied the pathway of these proteins from synthesis to assembly into the complex by pulse-chase labeling of infected cells followed by detergent extraction of the cells to separate soluble and cytoskeletal fractions. Most molecules of NP and P (and probably L) became associated with the cytoskeletal framework immediately after their synthesis. Most of the remaining molecules were initially found in the soluble fraction, but joined the cytoskeletal framework within several minutes. Once attached, none of the proteins left the cytoskeleton, and it was here that they assembled with 50 S viral RNA into nucleocapsids. The nucleocapsids thus formed remained bound to the cytoskeletal framework and were found by in situ autoradiography to exhibit viral RNA synthesis on the framework. These results suggested that the cytoskeletal framework could actively participate in the structural and functional assembly of NDV transcriptive complex. PMID- 3907121 TI - [Use of tropesin in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 3907123 TI - [Laboratory diagnosis during World War II]. PMID- 3907122 TI - [Problems in the medical support for the Black Sea fleet]. PMID- 3907124 TI - [Planning the work of a unit's medical service (1)]. PMID- 3907125 TI - [Potentials of the ultrasonic study method in diagnosing kidney pathology]. PMID- 3907126 TI - [The great Russian surgeon Nikolai Ivanovich Pirogov (on the 175th anniversary of his birth)]. PMID- 3907127 TI - [The Military Medical Academy during the 1st Russian revolution (on the 80th anniversary of the 1905-1907 revolution in Russia)]. PMID- 3907128 TI - [Diagnostic significance of direct immunofluorescence study of skin lesions in patients with pemphigus]. PMID- 3907129 TI - [Current problems of the carcinogenic effects of low doses of ionizing radiation]. PMID- 3907130 TI - The development and acceptance of the anticoagulant, CPD. PMID- 3907131 TI - [Current trends in the pharmacotherapy of peptic ulcer (a review of the literature)]. PMID- 3907132 TI - [Determination of the enzymatic activity of the jejunal juice in chronic enterocolitis]. PMID- 3907133 TI - [A rare complication of acute appendicitis]. PMID- 3907134 TI - [Value of echocardiography and myocardial scintigraphy in the diagnosis of chronic ischemic heart disease (review of the literature)]. PMID- 3907135 TI - [Methodological aspects of thermodiagnosis]. PMID- 3907136 TI - [Treatment of stable atrial fibrillation with quinidine]. PMID- 3907137 TI - [Enzymes and beta-2-microglobulin in the diagnosis of various forms of arterial hypertension]. PMID- 3907138 TI - [Role of the sympathetic-adrenal system in the development of experimental stomach ulcers and in the pathogenesis of peptic ulcer (review of the literature)]. PMID- 3907139 TI - [Mechanical injury of a pathologically changed spleen]. PMID- 3907140 TI - [Use of a method of molecular nucleic acid hybridization for the rapid diagnosis of influenza]. AB - A highly sensitive method of pinpoint hybridization of nucleic acids on nitrocellulose filters using 32P-labeled pHA plasmid carrying a DNA copy of hemagglutinin gene of influenza A/Udorn/307/72 (H3N2) was developed which permitted specific detection of minimal amounts of RNA (units of pikograms) of influenza A virus with H3 serotype hemagglutinin. The method of pinpoint hybridization was used for the detection of RNA of influenza A (H3 serotype) in nasopharyngeal washings of patients with acute respiratory diseases during the influenza outbreak of February-March, 1984. In parallel, the presence of viral antigen was determined by direct immunofluorescence using H3N2 antiserum, and the diagnosis of influenza was confirmed by the clinical picture of the disease. The results indicate that the pinpoint hybridization method may be used for rapid diagnosis of influenza as a highly sensitive and specific tool. PMID- 3907141 TI - [Expression of the HBsAg gene of the hepatitis B virus under the control of the promoter region of gene PH05 in yeast cells]. AB - Recombinant plasmids have been constructed containing the complete HBsAg gene combined with the promotor region of the yeast gene of acid phosphatase. The plasmids are capable of replication in E. coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. In cultivation of yeast cells containing these plasmids in a synthetic medium with a low phosphorus content a protein is synthesized possessing the properties of hepatitis B virus surface antigen. PMID- 3907142 TI - [Testing of monoclonal antibodies to human interferon]. AB - A comparative study of testing methods for polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies to human interferon using direct and reverse neutralization of the antiviral activity of interferon as well as ELISA was carried out. The activity of antibodies in ELISA was dozens of times higher than in neutralization tests. Polyclonal antibodies from the sera of mice immunized with alpha 2 interferon had a higher neutralizing capacity. M-5 monoclonal antibodies in specimens of ascitic fluid induced by inoculation of mice with hybrid cells exhibited an increase in both binding and neutralizing activity as compared with specimens of the culture fluid. Immunoglobulins from the ascitic and culture fluid of nonproductive myeloma cells as well as hybridomas producing monoclonal antibodies of other specificities showed practically no reaction with interferon in any of the tests under study. The screening of monoclonal antibodies intended for research and biotechnological purposes requires a composite analysis in both neutralization and binding tests in order to recover purposefully the hybrid clones producing antibodies with both or one of these properties. PMID- 3907143 TI - [Hybridoma cloning by the end-point dilution method]. AB - Hybridomas producing monoclonal antibodies to tick-borne encephalitis, Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis, and vaccinia viruses were cloned and recloned by the end-point dilution method in 96-well Linbro plates on a cell feeder layer. With decreasing of the cell seed dose the average number of clones per well decreased and the effectiveness of clone production increased. When an average of one cell per well was introduced, the portion of vells with single clones for hybridomas of various origins ranged from 5.4% to 37.5%. As a rule, the first cloning resulted in a significant rise in titres of monospecific immunoglobulins secreted by hybridomas and improved growth characteristics of the hybrid cell population. Repeated cloning required in most cases for stability of the hybrid line was usually not accompanied by changes in the productivity of the cell cultures. PMID- 3907144 TI - [Method for the simultaneous detection of immunofluorescing antibodies to the causative agents of different hemorrhagic fevers]. PMID- 3907145 TI - [Prognostic and differentiating value of cellular nonspecific immune monitoring following kidney allotransplantation]. AB - On the background of a brief literature survey, the effect of renal allotransplants on immune state was studied in 22 recipients during posttransplantation period. Non-specific immune monitoring was used in follow up the cellular immune reactivity to 2 types of cells--atypical mononuclears (ATM) and spontaneous blast-transformed lymphocytes (SBT/Ly). It was established that the appearance and increase of ATM in peripheral blood could serve the prognosis of one crisis in rejecting the allotransplant, and SBT/Ly, is accepted as a sign for concomitant infection or originating in the course of immunosuppressive therapy. The differentiation of those two types of cells is of significance for the early diagnosis of the crises for rejection and aid the proper treatment of the patients with renal allotransplantation. PMID- 3907146 TI - Medical student impairment: a review of the literature. PMID- 3907147 TI - Common psychological illnesses in the elderly. PMID- 3907148 TI - [Arteriosclerosis. I. Pathogenesis of atheromatous focus]. PMID- 3907149 TI - ["Catergen" in the treatment of hepatitis]. PMID- 3907150 TI - [History of anti-tuberculosis legislation in Poland]. PMID- 3907151 TI - [Role of the 9th Congress of Polish Physicians and Naturalists in the history of tuberculosis control in Poland]. PMID- 3907152 TI - [Teodor Heryng--a candidate for the Chair of Laryngology in Innsbruck]. PMID- 3907154 TI - [Regional results of human liver transplantation in Vienna]. AB - 21 cases of transplantation of the liver are analysed for indication, anaesthesia, operative management, anhepatic period, immunological therapy and specific post-operative problems (jaundice and rejection episodes). Causes of death are noted and prediction of survival gives a rate of 55%/1st year in the 17 patients operated on since 1982 under a standardised management schedule. The transplantation programme in Vienna provides routine treatment for otherwise untreatable primary (57% cases) and secondary metastatic (14%) tumours of the liver, and, in the second place, for end-stage hepatic cirrhosis (14%) and certain rare liver diseases (14%). PMID- 3907155 TI - [Defects in the prostaglandin system. IV. Inborn, nonfamilial plasma factor deficiency]. AB - On routine screening of 143 newborn infants, complete plasma factor deficiency was discovered in 4 cases. All the relatives, however, exhibited normal plasma factor activity. Up to now all 4 babies are healthy. Long-term follow up should clarify whether an inborn plasma factor deficiency might predispose to diseases accompanied by haemostatic imbalance. PMID- 3907153 TI - [Life and work of Jan Bogumir Freyer and a historical outline of the status of medical sciences in Poland in the first half of the 19th century]. PMID- 3907156 TI - [Defects in the prostaglandin system. V. Inherited (?) disorder of prostacyclin degradation in the plasma (Wien-Dobling defect)]. AB - The case report is presented of a woman of child-bearing age who developed myocardial infarction. An extremely shortened in vitro half-life of PGI2 in plasma was detected in this patient. This new familial defect "Wien-Dobling", in the prostaglandin system might affect an essential coregulator of haemostatic balance in man. It is not known whether this short half-life of PGI2 in vitro is due to accelerated degradation or a failure in stabilization of this biologically active compound. PMID- 3907157 TI - [The pulsatile administration of releasing hormone (GnRH) for the treatment of hypothalamic amenorrhea]. AB - 12 women with hypothalamic amenorrhoea (degrees II to IIIb) were given pulsatile releasing hormone in 14 treatment cycles. The minipump "Zyklomat" (Ferring Ges.m.b.H., Kiel) with a treatment set giving 0.8 mg LH-RH was used in all cases. In 86% (12 out of 14) of the treated cycles ovulation was recorded. 3 out of 8 women who desired a baby became pregnant. 1 of these pregnancies followed directly on a treatment cycle whilst the other 2 pregnancies resulted from spontaneous biphasic cycles following the treatment cycle. In 4 women pulsatile releasing hormone was used to examine the functional reaction of the pituitary gland and the ovary. In this group 1 spontaneous biphasic cycle was seen following the induced ovulatory cycle. PMID- 3907158 TI - Human hepatocyte cultures: a model of pharmaco-toxicological studies. AB - Viable adult human hepatocytes were obtained in large yields by perfusion of the liver of kidney donors. The hepatocytes were cultured either alone or in association with rat-liver epithelial cells. In pure culture the survival of hepatocytes did not exceed two to three weeks, while in co-culture they survived for several weeks and better retained the specific liver functions of albumin secretion, cytochrome P-450 content and glucuronidation of drugs. Human hepatocytes, particularly when mixed with rat-liver epithelial cells, may provide a valuable tool for predicting the metabolic pathways and hepatotoxicity of new drugs in man. PMID- 3907160 TI - New developments in the immunological understanding and of serodiagnosis in syphilis. PMID- 3907159 TI - The effect of glucose, insulin and dexamethasone upon 7-ethoxycoumarin O deethylase activity of adult rat hepatocytes in primary culture. AB - The influence of glucose, insulin and/or dexamethasone on the 7-ethoxycoumarin O deethylase activity of rat hepatocytes in primary culture was investigated. The addition of extra glucose to the medium attenuated the fall in enzyme activity observed during the first 24 h in culture, this effect being dose-dependent. The inclusion of insulin further enhanced this effect, but glucose + insulin did not prevent the decrease in enzyme activity in the subsequent 48 h. The inclusion of dexamethasone, alone or in combination with glucose + insulin, also attentuated the initial decline in enzyme activity. After 24 h in culture, the enzyme activity increased such that after 72 h in culture, the activity was greater than that measured in the freshly isolated cells. PMID- 3907161 TI - Circulating immune complexes in diabetics. PMID- 3907162 TI - [On the 100th birthday of Max Burger]. PMID- 3907163 TI - [The Berlin medical school in the 19th century]. PMID- 3907164 TI - [From plague house to Charite--Berlin makes medical history (1724-1727)]. PMID- 3907165 TI - [100th anniversary of the death of Friedrich Theodor Frerichs]. PMID- 3907166 TI - [Use of dip cultures for semiquantitative determination of the bacteria count of distilled and demineralized water and other fluids]. PMID- 3907167 TI - [Johann Constantin August Lucae (1835-1911)--the scientific father of Berlin otologists]. PMID- 3907168 TI - [Hypomagnesemia and hypokalemia in the insulin hypoglycemia test]. AB - In 17 children the insulin-hypoglycaemia-test was performed for the diagnostics of the hypophyseal growth hormone reserve and secretion. In the course of the insulin-hypoglycaemia test in 47% of the test persons hypomagnesaemias lower than 0.65 mmol/l and in all test persons hypopotassaemias lower than 4 mmol/l were measured. Besides hypoglycaemia and adrenergic contraregulation hypomagnesaemias and hypopotassaemias during the insulin-hypoglycaemia-test must be regarded as causal factors for cardiac risks and neuro-vegetative side-effects in the insulin hypoglycaemia-test. PMID- 3907169 TI - [Changes in prostaglandins in endotoxin-induced shock in pregnant minipigs]. AB - Six pregnant mini-pigs received a continuous endotoxin infusion of 1 mg/kg body weight. E.-coli-lipopolysaccharide, two control animals were treated in the same way without endotoxin application. Blood was drawn from the fetal umbilical cord after exposure through a uterine window. In contrast to the controls, concentrations of prostaglandin F2 alpha increased in animals which received endotoxin infusions. The prostaglandin-E2-concentrations in the treated pregnant animals decreased by half during the first hour of the experiment, whereas they staid fairly constant in the untreated group of animals. The thromboxane-B2 concentration increased from 70 to 110 pg/ml three hours after endotoxin application in contrast to the control group. The fetuses in both groups did not show any significant changes during the experiments. The results indicate that prostaglandin F2 alpha is released as a special endotoxin effect in adult mini pigs. Our measurements in the fetus make a direct endotoxin effect across the placenta unlikely. The fetuses of the mini-pigs, however, died as a result of the maternal cardio-vascular collaps. PMID- 3907170 TI - Partial termination of a quintuplet pregnancy. AB - Report of an attempt to reduce a first-trimester quintuplet pregnancy by vacuum aspiration under direct sonographic control. PMID- 3907171 TI - [X chromosome recessively transmitted hydrocephalus with congenital aqueduct stenosis]. AB - Although hydrocephalus is usually a sporadic disorder, there exist some rare but well delineated syndroms, in which recurrence is to be expected. The here presented Bickers-Adams-Syndrome of sex-linked hydrocephalus is caused by congenital aqueductal stenosis. A case of this syndrome is presented in regard to anamnesis, diagnosis, pedigree, autopsy findings and clinical management. PMID- 3907172 TI - [Detection of Gardnerella vaginalis in the pathogen spectrum of sexually transmissible diseases in vulvovaginitis]. AB - Gardnerella vaginalis, a sexually transmittable organism, is regarded as the indicator of the so-called "non-specific vaginitis". The isolation rate of G. vaginalis from 72 women attending our out-patient department during one year because of urogenital complaints was higher in pretreated than in untreated patients. In genital swabs taken from untreated patients, G. vaginalis could be isolated only in 17%, whereas this was observed in 38% of the specimens from women pretreated with various antimicrobial agents. In 9% of the women without vaginal discharge G. vaginalis was isolated. In specimens obtained from 53% of the women positive for G. vaginalis further organisms such as Chlamydia trachomatis, Trichomonas vaginalis, Candida albicans, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Mycoplasma spp. and B-Streptococci could be isolated. Asymptomatic infections with Neisseria gonorrhoeae (1) and C. trachomatis (4) were also observed. The present study clearly demonstrates that a broad microbiological examination is essential for specific therapy in vaginitis. Even if unspecific vaginitis is diagnosed by the presence of clue-cells, increased vaginal pH and fishy odour, a combined infection by further sexually transmittable organisms, especially N. gonorrhoeae, is to be excluded. PMID- 3907173 TI - [Significance of speech hermeneutics of E. Biser for medical and psychological anthropology]. AB - The author investigates the significance of E. Bisers linguistic hermeneutics in their relevance for a medical and psychological anthropology. A short review on modern trends in linguistic research reveals E. Bisers outstanding importance for linguistics as he emphasizes language beyond any objective-subjective discrepancy, constituting human relations, and establishing as well as discovering the relationship between language, truth and reality. By this procedure the existencial basis of language is become manifest in its fundamental importance for any anthropological research. PMID- 3907174 TI - [Diagnostic significance of ego and superego blocking situations in the Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration Test]. AB - The article deals with an investigation on 200 subjects (4 groups of 50 subjects each: females and males, psychologically healthy persons and neurotics) with the Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration Test (PFT). The reactions are analyzed by a modified method: separately for ego- and super-ego-blocking items. The results show that the subjects--apart from diagnosis--perceive ego-blocking situations as frustrating and react to them in a non-aggressive way (depreciating the conflict, complaisant reactions, passivity). In contrast to this the super-ego-blocking items provoke more aggressive impulses. For differential diagnostic purpose especially the ego-blocking items are significant: the neurotics are characterized by avoiding conflicts and withdrawal, while the psychologically healthy subjects show a greater ability to handle conflictual situations in an active way. It is proposed to use this modification (ego vs. super-ego-blocking items) also for follow-up studies (therapy-control) and for the investigation of patients with different ego-structure (for example schizophrenics, borderline personalities, patients with transference neuroses). PMID- 3907175 TI - [Effectiveness of acupuncture and attitude-relaxation training in the treatment of primary sleep disorders]. AB - The present study focuses on the differential efficiency of specific psychological and medical procedures for the treatment of chronic sleep disorders (primary symptoms). 32 selected subjects with chronic sleep disorders were assigned to one of the following groups according to their own choice: cognitive change and relaxation training (n = 12), needle acupuncture (n = 8), laser acupuncture (n = 12), and a waiting control group (n = 12). Before, during, and after the respective therapy each subject kept a record with 13 items about his/her sleeping behaviour which had to be filled out every morning. RESULTS: All treatment groups showed an increase in the subjective recovery by sleep as well as a decrease in the use of drugs. On a follow up after two weeks the cognitive change/relaxation group showed a significant decrease in the time required to fall asleep and in the frequency of waking up. PMID- 3907176 TI - [Open fractures in children and adolescents]. PMID- 3907177 TI - [Membrane digestion. Structural and functional organization]. PMID- 3907178 TI - [Functional characteristics of neurons of the visual centers of the brain of squirrels]. PMID- 3907180 TI - Early physicians of Augusta County. PMID- 3907179 TI - [Functional organization of the receptive fields of neurons of the superior colliculi of the mammalian brain]. PMID- 3907181 TI - [SSF (Swedish Nurses' Association) 75 years]. PMID- 3907182 TI - [SSF (Swedish Nurses' Association) yesterday. Dramatic meeting, risk of compulsory law and a lot of other things. Interview by Jan Thomasson]. PMID- 3907183 TI - [May God's blessings now and ever after rest upon the work in this association. Interview by Viveka Holmertz and Inger Lernevall]. PMID- 3907184 TI - [SSF (Swedish Nurses' Association) celebrates its 75th anniversary]. PMID- 3907185 TI - [Her idea saves a lot of money. Margaretha is rewarded with 50,000 krona. Interview by Jan Thomasson]. PMID- 3907186 TI - [Vibramycin and levamisole in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis]. PMID- 3907187 TI - [Centenary of the Chair of Skin and Venereal Diseases of the Kharkov Medical Institute]. PMID- 3907188 TI - Immunoprophylaxis and immunotherapy of respiratory syncytial virus infection in the cotton rat. AB - Human convalescent antiserum to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) administered intraperitoneally to cotton rats prior to RSV challenge provided near-complete protection from pulmonary infection. Antiserum given subsequent to viral challenge reduced pulmonary viral titers 100-fold or greater within 24 h. Sandoglobulin, a preparation of purified human IgG with high titer of anti-RSV neutralizing activity, produced the same effects as convalescent antiserum. Sandoglobulin was absorbed rapidly and produced a significant therapeutic reduction in virus titer within 3 h. The level of virus reduction in pulmonary and nasal tissues was directly proportional to the neutralizing antibody titer in the cotton rat serum, and was always greater in the lungs than the nose. Animals treated therapeutically with Sandoglobulin had a depressed primary antibody response to infection, but were completely resistant to reinfection with RSV. Histologic examination of pulmonary tissues from Sandoglobulin-treated animals showed no pathologic changes. PMID- 3907189 TI - Control of yeast neutral trehalase by distinct polyphosphates and ribonucleic acid. AB - The activity of yeast trehalase when assayed at pH 7 in a crude extract was found to increase 2- to 3-fold upon incubation with 0.1% (v/v) polyethyleneimine or other polycations such as polylysine (0.075-mMol) and calf thymus histones (0.08 mMol). Incubation with 3 mM-Mn2+ and 5 mM-Ca2+ also led to 3- and 1.6-fold increases in trehalase activity, respectively. The activities of 11 other enzymes assayed in the crude yeast extract did not increase after addition of polyethylene imine. At concentrations of polyethyleneimine that maximally stimulated trehalase activity, 97% of the total RNA present in the crude extract, 40% of total protein, and 60% of the polyphosphate (assayed as inorganic phosphate liberated during 7 min incubation at 95 degrees C and pH O) were found to be precipitated. A similar finding was made with trehalase-stimulating concentrations of Mn2+. Activation of trehalase by polyethylene imine rendered this enzyme susceptible to inhibition by a preparation of total yeast RNA, inorganic polyphosphates, and related polyanions. We present further evidence that the removal of a distinct RNA and/or polyphosphate is the basic principle of polyethyleneimine-induced activation of trehalase. A more pronounced stimulation of trehalase activity (4-fold) could be obtained by enzymatic phosphorylation with ATP in the presence of cyclic AMP and Mg2+ as described by van Solingen and van der Plaat (1975) [9].(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3907190 TI - [Late prognosis of kidney transplantation in children]. AB - During a 15-year period 67 renal transplantations were performed in 60 patients aged 3 to 19 years. Cadaver donors were preferred (90%). By giving conventional immunosuppressive drugs (corticosteroids, azathioprine), graft survival was increased dramatically, attaining 82% after 1/2-5 years. Growth retardation remained a critical complication. Full rehabilitation was noted in 88% of all patients followed up for more than one year. PMID- 3907191 TI - [Long-term results in the treatment of extrahepatic bile duct atresia]. AB - This article is intended as a contribution towards the question of long-term results to be expected when using hepato-portodigestive anastomoses in children. The paper is based on analyses of the course of the disease in 683 children, as placed at the author's disposal by paediatricians and paediatric surgeons in Europe, the United States of America, and Japan, as well as on an evaluation of 56 child patients observed by the author himself. This assessment resulted in the formulation of five conditions determining the prognosis. One can expect a 5-year survival rate of 66 per cent with good clinical, laboratory, sonographic and scintiscan data as well as histological findings, provided surgery is possible before 6 weeks after onset of cholestasis (this usually means surgery before the 8th week of life), provided also that cirrhosis has not set in at the time of surgery and that there are no additional numerical and morphological changes of the interlobular bile ducts; furthermore, if the average total diameter of the bile duct structures in the hepatic porta is at least 450 mu, and if no cholangitides occur postoperatively. If these conditions are not fulfilled, prognosis must be considered as poor. Such patients become candidates for a liver transplant, which has a 4-year survival rate of 58 per cent since introduction of the cyclosporin A-low-dose-steroid treatment. The article also discusses questions of organisation and of ethics connected with liver transplantation. PMID- 3907192 TI - Indications for liver transplantation in childhood. AB - Retrospective analysis of 97 children aged 3 months to 15 years presented for liver transplantation in our clinic indicates that children with extrahepatic biliary atresia (BA) show a cumulative survival of only 27% after 2.5 years of observation without transplantation. Children with cirrhosis of the liver of other origin (C) have an even worse cumulative survival rate of only 10% after the same time and treatment. Liver transplantation seems to be very urgent if there is a parallel drop of activity of pseudocholinesterase (CHE) below 1100 U/l, a drop of prothrombin test (PT) below 60% and a concomitant increase of concentration of bilirubin (Bili) and total serum bile acids (TBA) to 380 and 120 mumol/l respectively. In order to improve medical care of children with endstage liver disease it is mandatory to use all potential donor offers and to develop new surgical techniques such as transplantation of liver segments. PMID- 3907193 TI - Oesophageal atresia--severe tracheomalacia and its correction by aortopexy. AB - Tracheomalacia is an important cause of recurrent respiratory complications following correction of cogenital oesophageal atresia. It constitutes a well defined syndrome, which requires clinical recognition and surgical correction in the most severely affected infants. Five cases are described. Special investigations confirmed tracheal collapse. Permanent relief of symptoms was achieved by suspension of the aortic arch to the sternum. PMID- 3907194 TI - [Flexor tendon injuries in childhood]. AB - Follow-up examinations were performed on 41 children with 51 flexor tendon injuries of the hand. Eighty per cent of the accidents were caused by a cut mostly from broken glass. The results were classified according to Buck-Gramcko. Primary repair (n = 32) was followed in 72% of an acceptable, good or optimal result. Half on these patients had been treated according to Kleinert's method. Secondary repair (n = 19) showed a good or optimal result in 53%. A more detailed analysis gives no evidence that the patient's age or the localisation of the injury are of major importance in achieving good results. However, primary repair, optimal surgical technique and early mobilisation according to Kleinert seem to be essential for an adequate outcome. Therefore, acute flexor tendon injuries in childhood should only be treated under optimal circumstances (e.g., daytime, surgical team). Otherwise, surgical repair should be delayed for 12 to 48 hours until the best circumstances are available. Furthermore, exact surveillance of the postoperative mobilisation is of crucial importance. In patients who need a flexor tendon transplant, early mobilisation according to Kleinert also seems to produce favourable results. PMID- 3907195 TI - [Uterus duplication abnormalities with unilateral kidney agenesis, a report on 5 cases]. AB - Uterus malformation with renal agenesis at the same time are rare but well-known in literature. The leading symptom is dysmenorrhoea, pain in the lower abdomen increasing with each menstruation and a growing tumour in the small pelvis. We consider sonography of the small pelvis as being the optimal diagnostic examination. Once the diagnosis has been made, a laparotomy is indispensable. Further proceedings depend on the intraoperative result, whether a reconstruction and/or a partial removement of the inner female genital organs is possible or necessary. We could successfully treat 5 cases of genital malformation with ipsilateral renal agenesis. PMID- 3907196 TI - The imaging diagnosis of pyloric atresia. AB - Pyloric atresia is a congenital anomaly manifested by gastric outlet obstruction. The radiographic signs are characterised by the presence of the gas-bubble sign, the pyloric dimple sign and the absence of the beak sign. The differential diagnosis of these signs is discussed in view of other gastric outlet obstructions. Ultrasonography is of value in demonstrating the absence of the normal echo pattern of the pyloric muscle and the pyloric canal, thus confirming the diagnosis of pyloric atresia, or even may replace the fluoroscopy of the upper gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 3907197 TI - [Experimental study on the quality of projective picture material]. AB - This paper empirically evaluates a series of photographs that have been used successfully by J.E. Meyer in a recent contribution. Nine photographs we selected which significantly arouse emotional reactions in patients. They are intended to find a wider field of application and to stimulate the discussion on projective methods. PMID- 3907198 TI - [Results of radiotherapeutic optimization within the scope of combined operative radiologic therapy of urinary bladder cancer]. AB - The results of a prospective randomized clinical study for the comparison of a uniserial irradiation with a biserial irradiation are demonstrated. The investigations were performed on altogether 191 patients. Patients after cystectomy and supravesical by-pass of the urine were excluded. The operative treatment consisted of TUTUR, transvesical tumour resection or partial resection of the urinary bladder. According to the life table method the uniserial irradiation a survival rate of 52% and for the biserial irradiation of 39% after 54 months was calculated. PMID- 3907199 TI - [Blood level oriented ambulatory cyclosporin A therapy following kidney transplantation]. AB - It is reported on the blood level-oriented oral long-term therapy with cyclosporin-A (Sandimmun) in 20 patients after kidney transplantation. The Cy-A concentrations were measured in the whole blood by means of a radioimmunoassay (Sandoz) under steady state conditions. The mathematical analysis of the steady state daily minimum concentrations in the whole blood depending upon the dosage rate allows individual calculations of the dosage for the stabilisation of the therapeutic concentration desirable for the individual patient in each case. In the majority of the patients a non-linear relation between the steady state blood concentration and the dosage rate was present. The observation of a defined therapeutic area under the conditions of the ambulatory treatment could be achieved without any problems. The control intervals were 4-6 weeks. The long term stability of the individual pharmacokinetic parameters can at present not be judged reliably, since the average observation time is still too short. In 6 patients who are controlled on the way demonstrated already for several months no systemic changes in the behaviour of the blood level were to be seen. PMID- 3907200 TI - [Transrectal prostatosonography. Follow-up in prostate cancer therapy]. AB - Thirty-five cases of prostate carcinoma were followed after orchiectomy and during drug therapy using both ultrasound and digital palpation to measure the prostate. Following orchiectomy and drug therapy the prostate shrunk an average of one third within six months independent of the grading and staging of the carcinoma. The biggest shrinkage was observed in the first two months after therapy. There was agreement between transrectal ultrasonography (TPS) and digital palpation in judging the prostate capsule in two thirds of the cases. Ultrasonographically, a downstaging of the capsule in twenty per cent and an upstaging in fourteen per cent of the cases was found. Three quarters of the G II prostate carcinomas improved ultrasonographically in structure and capsule in the twelve month period of observation while two thirds of the G III prostate carcinomas did not improve. According to our results the routine use of TPS seems not to be indicated when only gross measurement is desired. However TPS is an objective and reliable method fur testing the effects of medication on prostate carcinomas. PMID- 3907201 TI - [Sonography of the penis shaft]. AB - The development of highly frequent transducers has created new diagnostic possibilities for the sonography in the area of the body of the penis. We controlled the valency of this technique on our patients. While the usual clinical and radiological methods still predominate in the diagnostics of traumas of the penis and diseases of the cavernous bodies, the ultrasound gives new possibilities of the exact classification in the carcinoma of the penis and the induratio penis plastica. Thus the basis for the development of alternative therapeutic methods is given. PMID- 3907202 TI - [Use of microsurgery in the operative treatment of primary hydronephrosis]. AB - Ureteropelvic junction obstruction is a congenital anomaly commonly afflicting the pediatric population, however, it is also more frequently than generally appreciated in the adult population. The method of postoperative urinary diversion - to divert by nephrostomy tube and/or splint or not to divert - was a matter of debate during the last twenty years. Through the application of microsurgery in pyeloplasty an external urinary diversion under commonly circumstances is not necessary. The Culp vertical flap pyeloplasty was modified by means of microsurgical instruments, ophthalmologic loupes (X 2, 6) and fine absorbable polyglactine sutures and used in 7 cases in 1984. The top of the flap is fixed in the distal ureteral incision by a U-shaped suture of 5-0 or 6-0 Vicryl followed by 2 continuous watertight sutures of the flap and the ureter and pyelon respectively. Only an extrarenal drainage for 4-8 days postoperatively was used. The mean duration of postoperative hospitalization was 10 days. The short term radiographic, functional and clinical results after microsurgical pyeloplasty are excellent in 4 patients and good in 1 patient. The mean follow-up was only 4 months. Further experience, long-term follow-up and comparison with conventionally operated patients are necessary to evaluate the advantage of our microsurgical technique. PMID- 3907203 TI - [Georg Bartisch (1535-1607). On the 450th birthday of this important surgeon and wound physician]. PMID- 3907204 TI - [Our surgical heritage. Jonathan Mason Warren (1811-1867)]. PMID- 3907205 TI - [History of flexor tendon surgery]. PMID- 3907207 TI - [Cholelithiasis in the sonogram]. PMID- 3907206 TI - [Jejunogastric invagination by Braun enteroanastomosis following stomach resection]. PMID- 3907208 TI - [Sonography in the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis]. PMID- 3907209 TI - Characterization of monoclonal antibodies against Brucella melitensis. PMID- 3907210 TI - Immunological and enzyme histochemical identification of lymphocyte subpopulations in pig lymphoreticular tissues. PMID- 3907211 TI - [In vitro studies of the causative agent of infectious anemia (CAA) in chickens: multiplication, titration, serum neutralization test and the indirect immunofluorescence test]. PMID- 3907212 TI - [Chronic migrant erythema or Lyme disease--a new tick-borne Spirochaetales infection]. PMID- 3907213 TI - [Isolation of group B Streptococcus from clinical specimens and the methods of its identification]. PMID- 3907214 TI - [A prominent man in Russian medicine]. PMID- 3907215 TI - [Ribosomal dysentery vaccine. Study of response and antigenic activity in healthy volunteers]. AB - In earlier studies Shigella sonnei ribosomal vaccine was shown to be highly protective for guinea pigs and monkeys. The object of the present study, carried out in 20 healthy volunteers, was the safety and the antigenic activity of this vaccine. The subcutaneous injection of the ribosomal vaccine in doses of 100 micrograms and 200 micrograms produced no febrile reactions nor biochemical and histological changes. The minimal local reaction was observed after injection into the subscapular region: in this case 200 micrograms of the vaccine produced neither severe, nor moderate reactions. A single injection of this dose led to a more than 4-fold rise in the levels of total and cysteine-resistant O-antibodies, as well as to the prolonged elevation of the complement level in the serum. PMID- 3907216 TI - [Characteristics of various morphological and biological properties of bacteria of the genus Proteus]. AB - The stable O-form of Proteus has been found to differ from the initial H-form in the absence of flagellae or in a few weakly developed flagellae, in decreased capacity for agglutination with polyvalent and typing sera and in virulence for laboratory animals. As revealed in this study, the conversion of the H-form of Proteus into the stable O-form leads to the loss of resistance to streptomycin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, monomycin, ampicillin and neomycin. PMID- 3907217 TI - [Methodological approach to the analysis of the scientific effectiveness of studies with regard to the development and improvement of medical biological preparations]. AB - A new methodologic approach to analysis of the scientific effectiveness of investigations aimed at the development and improvement of medical biological preparations has been worked out. This approach comprises the classification of research work and choice of parameters characterizing scientific effectiveness. The use of relative values (percentage) as characteristics of scientific effectiveness has made it possible to compare the results of research on 260 themes, carried out in one of medical research institutes. PMID- 3907218 TI - [Immunostimulating activity of combined antigens of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus, Proteus and Escherichia coli and separate components in cross infection]. AB - Experiments on mice have revealed that the combined preparation of K. pneumoniae, Staphylococcus, Proteus and E. coli antigens possesses pronounced immunostimulating activity against the microorganisms whose antigens make up this combined preparation, as well as against Haemophilus influenzae, type b. Cross protection between the antigens making up the preparation was observed, as well as of each of its components with respect to H. influenzae, type b. The activity of the combined antigenic preparation has been shown to exceed that of its monocomponents, as manifested under the conditions of cross infection. These experimental data may serve as a prerequisite for the development of an immunostimulant for the treatment of patients with chronic pyoinflammatory diseases. PMID- 3907219 TI - [The nature of the cyclic course of the epidemiological process in dysentery]. PMID- 3907220 TI - [WHO program for development of new vaccines: objectives, tasks and approaches]. PMID- 3907221 TI - [Closed cranio-cerebral injuries in children (review)]. PMID- 3907222 TI - [Lesions of the nervous system in diseases of the kidneys (review)]. PMID- 3907223 TI - [Bilateral facial pain in lesions of the trigeminal nerve system (review)]. PMID- 3907224 TI - [Diagnosis of hypertensive syndromes of unclear origin (according to the results of radionuclide cisternography)]. AB - Analysis of the findings of radionuclide cisternography in 34 patients with a hypertension syndrome of unclear genesis allowed 3 variants of an aggregate of radiological signs to be distinguished. The 1st and 2nd variants indicate diminution of the drainage function of the cerebral submeningeal space, which does not exclude the presence of a pathological process, one of tumorous genesis among others. The third variant which reveals open internal hydrocephalus (ventricular hydrocephalus) with diminished drainage activity of the submeningeal space of the brain excludes the existence of a three-dimensional pathological process, that of tumorous origin also. In hypertension syndrome of unclear genesis disturbed circulation of cerebrospinal fluid was always attended by its impaired resorption; not only a diminished reaction (function) but an accelerated reaction of drainage of the cerebrospinal fluid from its passages may occur when the maintaining drainage function of the submeningeal space of the spinal cord is manifested. PMID- 3907225 TI - [Anterior metallic spondylodesis of the cervical segment of the spine]. AB - The article describes a new method of rigid fusion of the bodies of cervical vertebrae by a type A-O metal plate. On the basis of theoretical calculations the author points out the advantages of the method which allows the performance of emergency one-stage anterior and posterior decompression of the spinal cord as a result of which postoperative external fixation of the spine is not needed and mobilization of the patient can be started earlier. PMID- 3907226 TI - Secondary metabolites from marine bryozoans. A review. AB - Secondary metabolites from marine bryozoans are reviewed. Two ctenosome bryozoans are dealt with, one, Alcyonidium gelatinosum containing a sulfoxonium ion acting as hapten in an allergic contact dermatitis and the other, Zoobotryon verticillatum yielding bromogramines. Five cheilostome bryozoans have given rise to the isolation of unique secondary natural products. Bugula neritina is the source of the antineoplastic bryostatins and Bugula purple while Flustra foliacea have yielded an array of bromoindole alkaloids and a brominated quinoline. Chartella papyracea also have bromoindole alkaloids while Sessibugula translucens have ecological active bipyrroles. A biological active xanthine derivative has been reported from Phidolopora pacifica. The structure and chemistry of these compounds are discussed as are their origin, function and biological activity. PMID- 3907227 TI - [A technic of harvesting bone grafts for the surgical treatment of deformities and injuries of the spine]. PMID- 3907228 TI - Metabolic effects of intranasally administered glucagon: comparison with intramuscular and intravenous injection. AB - Intranasal administration of glucagon, 1 mg, plus sodium glycocholate 15 mg as a surfactant, raised blood glucose levels and plasma levels of immunoreactive glucagon (IRG) and immunoreactive insulin (IRI). Spray solutions were more effective than drops, and neither the surfactant alone nor glucagon alone had any effect. Blood glucose levels were similarly affected by intravenous glucagon, while intramuscular glucagon was slightly more effective. The highest IRG concentrations were reached after intravenous administration, while intramuscular injection of glucagon was accompanied by the highest IRI release. These data indicate that intranasal administration of glucagon exerts metabolic effects similar to intramuscular and intravenous administrations. Further studies are needed to improve bioavailability and efficacy of intranasally administered glucagon. PMID- 3907229 TI - The application of insulin using the jet injector DG-77. AB - To avoid soreness and psychic stress following insulin injections by needle and syringe, the new jet injector DG-77 was used. It is a portable percutaneous pressure device with a spring, simple to operate which can be used to apply two different types of insulin. Thirty type 1 and type 2a diabetic patients participated in the study (10 females, 20 males). Insulin was applied using a needle and the DG-77 device in the same region of the body. A standardized questionnaire was compiled concerning simplicity of application, soreness, wish to possess the device and the possibility of acquiring it. The results obtained regarding the type of application were as follows: traditional way: glycemia: at 07(00)-8.5, 10(00)-10.5, 13(00)-7.4 mmol/l; insulinemia: at 07(00)-7.5, 10(00) 20.2, 13(00)-21.0 mU/l; jet injector: glycemia - at 07(00)-8.4, 10(00)-10.4, 13(00)-8.4 mmol/l; insulinemia: at 07(00)-2.8, 10(00)-12.3, 13(00)-20.0 mU/l, which was not statistically significant; for glycemia: at 10(00), t = 0.110, p greater than 0.05, at 13(00), t = 1.88, p greater than 0.05, and for insulinemia at 10(00), t = 0.82, p greater than 0.05, and at 13(00), t = 1.23, p greater than 0.05. IN CONCLUSION: 1) blood glucose and insulin control with the jet injector administration of insulin was equally successful as with the standard insulin application; 2) incidence of hematoma was not significant; 3) eighty-five percent of patients prefer the injector due to its simplicity of application, reduced soreness and would wish to possess the device. PMID- 3907230 TI - Mathematical modelling of changes in circulating insulin and C-peptide concentrations. AB - A simple mathematical model is proposed to assess the validity of methods currently used in clinical investigation to detect short-term or long-term alterations in insulin and/or C-peptide clearance. This model draws attention to unwarranted conclusions which resulted from the analysis of insulin and C-peptide plasma concentrations. PMID- 3907231 TI - Dietary guar gum supplementation does not modify insulin resistance in gross obesity. AB - Obesity is considered an insulin resistant state. Dietary guar gum supplementation is able to reduce blood glucose and plasma insulin response to a carbohydrate meal. In order to evaluate whether guar is able to reduce hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance in gross obesity, we studied 9 obese patients, greater than 50% overweight with impaired glucose tolerance before and after 4 + 4 g/day guar for 6 weeks. Six patients repeated the treatment with 8 + 8 g/day guar after a 3-month interval. Guar was added to the usual diet in order to maintain the body weight constant. Pre-treatment and post treatment study included: total specific insulin binding on circulating monocytes; 3H-glucose infusion and euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp at approximately 100 microU/ml. The differences between post-treatment and pre-treatment values were not significant for any of the parameters studied. Fasting glucose production was: 2.17 +/- 0.33 SEM (pretreatment) vs 2.18 +/- 0.18 (4 + 4 g/day) vs 2.28 +/- 0.14 (8 + 8 g/day) mg/kg/min; glucose utilization was: 3.52 +/- 0.43 vs 3.22 +/- 0.44 vs 3.49 +/- 0.63 mg/kg/min; total specific insulin binding was: 2.80 +/- 0.20 vs 2.75 +/- 0.25 vs 2.78 +/- 0.31%; body weight was: 101.4 +/- 5.4 vs 100.2 +/- 6.2 vs 100.5 +/- 7.0 kg. These results indicate that dietary guar gum supplementation per se is unable to reduce insulin resistance in gross obesity if overweight is maintained constant. PMID- 3907232 TI - Ultrasonographic evaluation of the pancreas in tropical pancreatic diabetes. AB - Ultrasonography was performed in three groups of young diabetics in the tropics, namely MODY, IDDM and tropical pancreatic diabetes (TPD). Several morphological abnormalities of the pancreas such as fibrosis and shrinkage of the gland, increased echogenicity and ductal dilatation were found in patients with TPD. It also helped to localize the site of calculi in the pancreas. MODY and IDDM patients did not show any significant changes except a slight reduction in size of the gland. Ultrasonography is a useful tool in differential diagnosis of young diabetics in tropical countries. PMID- 3907233 TI - Lack of a persistent reduction in serum lipid and apoprotein levels in insulin dependent diabetic patients receiving intensified insulin treatment. AB - Type I insulin-dependent diabetic patients have an increased risk of atherosclerotic vascular disease that may be determined in part by their tendency to develop circulating lipid and lipoprotein abnormalities. The occurrence of such findings in asymptomatic ambulant Type I patients with mild or moderate hyperglycemia might suggest that conventional methods of insulin treatment are as inefficient at normalizing lipid abnormalities as they are in achieving euglycemia. It would then be important to ascertain whether intensive methods of insulin treatment effectively normalized lipid levels. Ten insulin-dependent young adult diabetic patients were studied on a conventional insulin treatment regimen and then at two-monthly intervals for a six-month period during which they were managed by three different intensified insulin treatment regimens. Plasma glucose levels improved substantially (p less than 0.001) after two months of intensified therapy (106 +/- 4 mg/dl) and did not change significantly thereafter for the remaining four months of intensified insulin treatment. Apart from a short-lived decrease in total-, LDL- and HDL-cholesterol after two months of intensified treatment (baseline total triglyceride 116 +/- 13 mg/dl, total cholesterol 174 +/- 16 mg/dl, HDL-cholesterol 46 +/- 3 mg/dl). There were no persistent changes in serum lipids, lipoprotein cholesterol or in levels of their major apoproteins A-I, A-II and B. These findings support the contention that, despite moderate hyperglycemia, conventional insulin treatment may be adequate to maintain normal lipid levels. In such circumstances achievement of euglycemia by intensified insulin therapy leads to little change in circulating lipid and lipoprotein values. PMID- 3907234 TI - Serum and erythrocyte magnesium levels in type I and type II diabetics. AB - Serum and red blood cell magnesium (RBC-Mg) concentrations of 195 type I and 111 type II diabetic outpatients with different degree of control and 40 control subjects have been evaluated using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. In the total group, no significant difference in serum and RBC-Mg levels in type I and II diabetic outpatients could be found. However, poor control was often associated with lower serum magnesium levels. A negative correlation was found between serum magnesium levels and HbA1. A particular group of male patients with severe macroangiopathy showed high RBC-Mg levels; this finding was probably due to atherosclerotic and hypertensive renal involvement. PMID- 3907235 TI - Glycemic control with an artificial pancreas improves insulin responses to both oral and glucose in nonobese noninsulin-dependent diabetic subjects. AB - Insulin secretory responses to both oral and intravenous glucose were investigated in 12 nonobese noninsulin-dependent diabetic subjects before and after strict metabolic control of blood glucose levels without weight loss. Glycemic control was achieved by applying an artificial pancreas to all diabetics for 2 or 3 days, which led to restoration of normal fasting blood glucose levels and to significant reduction of fasting plasma insulin (p less than 0.01) and C peptide (p less than 0.05) levels. Initially, the insulin response to oral glucose was weak and delayed, but increased significantly after treatment (p less than 0.01), although none of the diabetic subjects achieved completely normal glucose tolerance. The i.v. glucose tolerance test (0.33 g/kg) revealed that all diabetics lacked acute insulin response in the basal state with low glucose disappearance rates (0.37 +/- 0.07 %/min). After 48h of normoglycemia, these figures did not change significantly, although the insulinogenic index (insulin area/glucose area) was significantly increased (p less than 0.05). A marked increase in both phases of insulin secretion was evident when a larger intravenous glucose pulse (0.66 g/kg) was used in some diabetics in order to raise the blood glucose concentrations of the post-treatment test to those of the pre-treatment test. In absolute terms, the insulin responses of the post treatment tests were not significantly different from those of sex-, age- and weight-matched control subjects, but were significantly lower if related to the corresponding plasma glucose responses (insulinogenic index lower than that of controls). These studies in nonobese noninsulin-dependent diabetic subjects indicate that glycemic control with an artificial pancreas improves insulin response to glucose, suggesting that chronic hyperglycemia may stress the impaired B-cell secretory capacity of diabetes. PMID- 3907236 TI - Metabolic instability in type I diabetic patients. Studies on insulin absorption, hepatic production of metabolites and glucose counterregulation. AB - In order to investigate the causes underlying metabolic instability in type I diabetes mellitus, we studied 8 unstable (group 1) and 4 well-controlled (group 2) diabetic patients, matched for age and duration of diabetes. Subjects were connected overnight to an artificial pancreas and brought to normoglycemia. On the following morning, insulin administration was discontinued for 6 hours and both metabolic and hormonal studies were carried out during this period. After insulin withdrawal, group 1 showed a faster rise of blood glucose (peak: 324.63 +/- 24.93 vs 175.25 +/- 42.63 mg/dl, p less than 0.01), beta-OH-butyrate (peak: 2,273.25 +/- 415.78 vs 550.50 +/- 158.17 mumol/l, p less than 0.01), and glycerol (164.10 +/- 38.90 vs 28.25 +/- 10.6 mumol/l, p less than 0.01). C-peptide secretion increased in group 2 from 0.09 +/- 0.052 to 0.22 +/- 0.099 pmol/ml whereas it remained almost undetectable in group 1 (p less than 0.01, group 1 vs group 2). Growth hormone, cortisol and immunoreactive glucagon were not significantly different in the two groups at any time after insulin withdrawal. Free insulin, after repeated s.c. or i.m. injection of porcine monocomponent insulin (10 IU), was not different in the two groups. We concluded that type I diabetic patients showing severe metabolic instability produced more glucose, ketone bodies and glycerol after insulin withdrawal than control 'stable' patients. This difference could not be accounted for by an excessive secretion of counterregulatory hormones or by an erratic insulin absorption from the injection sites and may have been related to the degree of B-cell failure, as measured by the absence of C-peptide and/or to the degree of insulin resistance. PMID- 3907238 TI - Contribution to the aetiology of diabetes insipidus: Yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection. AB - A case concerning a young man presenting with polyuria and polydipsia which were preceded 1 month earlier by a febrile enteritis is reported. The role of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis in diabetes insipidus of this type is discussed on the basis of clinical, biological and evolutional criteria. PMID- 3907237 TI - The luteinizing hormone response to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone, prostaglandin E2 and naloxone is modulated by divergent sensitivity to testosterone feedback. AB - Testosterone (T) levels necessary to suppress LH secretion are reduced in starvation, and increased feedback sensitivity to T is therefore postulated. The luteinizing hormone (LH) response to naloxone (Nal) is more easily suppressed by starvation than is its response to prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LRH). If the divergent suppressibility is due to altered feedback sensitivity in starvation, it should be feasible to reproduce this phenomenon in normally nourished rats by increasing T levels. Adult male Wistar rats were castrated and implanted with silicone capsules (0-2.6 cm) filled with T. Indwelling jugular cannulae were implanted. On days 4 to 8 post operation rats were injected iv with LRH (25-400 ng/kg body weight), PGE2 (0.05-1.0 mg/kg body weight) or Nal (0.5-50 mg/kg body weight). Blood samples were drawn before and 10, 20 and 30 min after injection. Results show that the response to Nal was already suppressed at medium T levels. The LH response to PGE2 was diminished to a greater extent than the response to LRH but was never completely suppressed by increasing steroid levels. These data are compatible with the hypothesis that steroid feedback sensitivity augments with increasing levels of regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. PMID- 3907239 TI - Secretion and metabolic clearance rates of thyroxine and triiodothyronine in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. AB - This study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of streptozotocin-induced diabetes on T4 and T3 production rate (PR) and metabolism in rats. [125I]T4 and [125I]T3 were injected iv and sequential blood samples were obtained. Plasma ethanol extracts were analyzed for [125I]T4 and [125I]T3 by thin layer chromatography. T4 and T3 production rates and kinetic parameters of T4 and T3 metabolism in control, diabetic and insulin-treated diabetic rats were assessed by applying kinetic analyses to measurements of disappearance of injected T4 and T3 radiotracer from plasma. The metabolic clearance rate (MCR) and the fractional disappearance rate (K) of T4 in diabetic rats (0.72 +/- SD, 0.02 ml/h X 100 g, and 0.034 +/- 0.006 h-1, respectively) were significantly lower (P less than 0.001) than in the control group (1.01 +/- 0.04 ml/h X 100 g and 0.056 +/- 0.004 h-1). Similarly, the MCR and K values of T3 were also significantly reduced (P less than 0.001) in the diabetic animals: 16.2 +/- 0.7 ml/h X 100 g and 0.088 +/- 0.007 h-1 in controls vs 13.0 +/- 1.2 ml/h X 100 g and 0.058 +/- 0.009 h-1 in diabetics, respectively. Insulin therapy significantly reversed these alterations. There was also a significant reduction (P less than 0.001) in plasma T4 (18 +/- 6 ng/ml) and T3 (0.20 +/- 0.05 ng/ml) concentrations in the diabetic rats compared to control values, whose T4 and T3 levels averaged 65 +/- 10 and 0.68 +/- 0.09 ng/ml, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3907240 TI - The history of anabolic steroids and a review of clinical experience with anabolic steroids. AB - Metabolism is the term employed to embrace the various physical and chemical processes occurring within the tissues upon which the growth and heat production of the body depend and from which the energy for muscular activity, for the maintenance of vital activity and for the maintenance of vital functions is derived (Best & Taylor 1950). The destructive processes by which complex substances are converted by living cells into more simple compounds are called catabolism. Anabolism denotes the constructive processes by which simple substances are converted by living cells into more complex compounds, especially into living matter. Catabolism and anabolism are part of all metabolic processes, the carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism. The term anabolic refers only to substances that exert an anabolic effect on protein metabolism and are unlikely to cause adverse androgenic effects. They shift the equilibrium between protein synthesis and degradation in the body as a whole in the direction of synthesis, either by promoting protein synthesis or reducing its breakdown. The protein anabolic effect of anabolic steroids is not restricted to single organs but is the result of stimulated biosynthesis of cellular protein in the whole organism. PMID- 3907241 TI - In vitro fertilization as an out-patient procedure. AB - A new, non invasive method for IVF/ET is discussed. Twenty infertile patients were involved in an outpatient procedure; less risk for them, because of local anaesthesia and low costs for the clinic are the most remarkable advantages of this procedure. Four normal ongoing pregnancies followed this treatment. PMID- 3907242 TI - [Bone marrow transplantation in children. I. Clinical aspects]. PMID- 3907243 TI - [Bone marrow transplantation in children. II. Immunologic aspects]. PMID- 3907244 TI - [Studies on a new technic for performing end colostomy using an auto suture]. PMID- 3907245 TI - [Effect of pancreatic hormones on liver regeneration--morphometric analysis of mitochondria of the rat hepatocyte]. PMID- 3907246 TI - Lung and chest wall mechanics during differential ventilation with selective PEEP. AB - Eight patients free from cardio-pulmonary disease and with a mean age of 46 years were studied during general anaesthesia in the lateral position. Measurements of hemithoracic mechanics were made during four different modes of ventilation: 1. Conventional ventilation (free distribution of ventilation) with no positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) (CV), 2. differential ventilation (50% of ventilation to each lung) with no PEEP (DV:0), and 3 and 4. DV with selective PEEP of 0.8 and 1.6 kPa, respectively, to the dependent lung only (DV:8, DV:16). During CV, 60% of ventilation was distributed to the non-dependent lung. Non-dependent hemithoracic compliance was 64% greater and inspiratory resistance 39% lower than those of the dependent hemithorax. No significant differences between the two hemithoraces were noted during DV:0, but on application of selective PEEP the compliance of the dependent hemithorax increased and its resistance decreased. With DV:16, the compliances of the two hemithoraces were essentially equal, as were their resistances. Selective PEEP caused a larger volume increase in the dependent lung than general PEEP. Selective PEEP reduced the volume of the non dependent lung but only by 1/3 of the simultaneous increase in that of the dependent lung. Oesophageal pressure increased only slightly on selective inflation of the dependent lung, and remained negative within the 21 volume range studied. It is suggested that the altered mechanics of the dependent lung during selective PEEP result in a more even distribution of the inspired gas within that lung. PMID- 3907247 TI - NADH-dehydrogenase reaction in combination with immunoperoxidase (PAP) staining for light microscopic observation on the interneuronal relations of the enteric nervous system of the pig. AB - A novel procedure for a simultaneous demonstration of particular enteric nerve cell types and peptidergic nerve fibres has been developed by combining the histochemical reaction for NADH-dependent dehydrogenase and the unlabelled antibody peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) method described by Sternberger. Whole mount spreads were successively incubated in a NADH: nitroblue tetrazolium solution, fixed with a picric acid/formaldehyde mixture, dehydrated, cleared and rehydrated before processing for immunocytochemical localization of the neuropeptide by the PAP method. The nerve cells appear heavily stained by deposits of dark blue formazan, whereas the peptide-containing nerves appear bright brown. In the myenteric and submucous plexuses of the porcine small intestine the devised method allows an appropriate identification of Dogiel's type I, type II and type III neurons surrounded by varicose enkephalin-like immunoreactive fibre baskets with button-like twigs to the very surface of the ganglionic cells, suggestive of synaptic connections. PMID- 3907248 TI - Constant number of immunogloblin G positive plasma cells around the penicilli in murine spleen with increasing age. AB - The splenic lymphoid tissue of mice reared in a conventional environment regressed with increasing age. Immunogloblin G positive plasma cells gathered along the penicilli in the senile spleen as well as in the adult control spleen. The number of plasma cells around the penicilli showed no difference in the senile spleen as compared to the adult spleen. Since mature plasma cells remain in the lymph node for a short time only and seldom divide there, our results indicate that the transformation from B lymphocyte to plasma cell is not affected by age. PMID- 3907249 TI - Immunocytochemical observations of corticotropin-releasing-factor-containing neurons in the rat hypothalamus with special reference to neuronal communication. AB - Synapses between neurons with corticotropin-releasing-factor-(CRF)-like immunoreactivities and other immunonegative neurons in the hypothalamus of colchicine-treated rats, especially in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and the supraoptic nucleus (SON) were observed by immunocytochemistry using CRF antiserum. The immunoreactive nerve cell bodies and fibers were numerous in both the PVN and the SON. The CRF-containing neurons had synaptic contacts with immunonegative axon terminals containing a large number of clear synaptic vesicles alone or combined with a few dense-cored vesicles. We also found CRF like immunoreactive axon terminals making synaptic contacts with other immunonegative neuronal cell bodies and fibers. And since some postsynaptic immunonegative neurons contained many large neurosecretory granules, they are considered to be magnocellular neurosecretory cells. These findings suggest that CRF functions as a neurotransmitter and/or modulator in addition to its function as a hormone. PMID- 3907250 TI - Morphological and functional changes in several endocrine glands induced by hypothyroidism in the rat. AB - The effect of hypothyroidism upon the morphology and the function of several endocrine glands was studied in radiothyroidectomized male rats. It was found that T3, T4, insulin, prolactin and corticosterone levels were significantly lower in hypothyroid rats. TSH levels were significantly higher in these animals while no changes were depicted in testosterone levels. The administration of T4 drew back to normal range the above-mentioned altered serum hormone levels. The studies performed with light microscopy revealed alterations only in the TSH secretory cells of the adenohypophysis. Conversely, when using the electron microscope to study the different endocrine glands, clear alterations were depicted in the TSH and prolactin secretory cells of the adenohypophysis, as well as in the pancreatic B cells and the cells of the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex. No abnormal changes were demonstrable at the level of the seminiferous tubules of the testis. All the above morphological changes were corrected by the administration of T4 to hypothyroid rats. These results suggest that the hypothyroid state is a complex hormonal dysfunction rather than a single hormonal defect. The secretory alterations are accompanied by fine cellular alterations in the corresponding glands. PMID- 3907251 TI - [Distal bone lesions in leprosy apropos of 19 personal cases]. PMID- 3907252 TI - [Osteoarticular lesions in leprosy (experience 1960-1982)]. AB - Bone changes are frequent in leprosy involving small distal bones of the limbs and, in advanced cases, some cranial bones. The various kinds of osteitis and their radiologic features are described as well as the arthritis to which they can give way. These changes may result directly from the infection by M. leprae indirectly through nerve damage and also by pyogenic infections. The therapeutic tactic is discussed according to this approach of the various types of bones and joint damage. PMID- 3907253 TI - [Results of treatment of 206 patients with recent neuritis (C.M.S.-P.E.R.)]. PMID- 3907254 TI - [Results of treatment of 126 patients with neuritis of the posterior tibial nerve, 52 recent and 74 with plantar ulcers]. PMID- 3907255 TI - [Leprosy and hepatitis B]. AB - In 1966, B. S. Blumberg, investigating for carriers of the "Australia" antigen which he had discovered two years before, finds that the percentage is significantly more elevated in a group of leprous patients than in controls. In this initial work, realized at Cebu, Philippines, he mentions a higher percentage of this antigen carriers among the lepromatous than among the tuberculoid patients. He explains his findings by a genetic hypothesis and by the fact that lepromatous patients are more often hospitalized than the tuberculoid ones, thus narrowest contacts could favour the antigen transmission. Later, the established relation between Australia antigen and hepatitis B incites the authors to disregard the very deceiving genetic hypothesis and to build up the most important characteristic of lepromatous leprosy--cell immunity--as opposed to the tuberculoid form where cell immunity is normal. Investigation for seric markers of hepatitis B virus in patients with tuberculoid or lepromatous leprosy provides a model for the study on "cell immunity and hepatitis B". The juxtaposition of geographic areas with high prevalence of leprosy patients and of HBs Ag carriers is a supplementary argument for the study of their connection. Up to now, about fifty works have been published on this subject. Most of them investigate detection of HBs Ag and a few of HBe Ag and HBs Ac. This bibliographical study, including a personal study, reviews markers of hepatitis B virus replication in leprosy patients, incidence of hospitalization and age of these patients, as well as the methodology used. PMID- 3907256 TI - [Evaluation 7 to 9 years later of trials of polychemotherapy carried out in Senegal in patients with leprosy]. PMID- 3907257 TI - The biphasic opening of the blood-brain barrier to proteins following temporary middle cerebral artery occlusion. AB - The behavior of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) was studied in cats following release after 1-h middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion. The regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was determined by hydrogen clearance method in the caudate nucleus and the cerebral cortex. The BBB was assayed with Evans blue (EB) tracer and by immunohistochemical peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) method. Following release of MCA occlusion, there were two openings of the BBB, separated by a refractory period. The first opening, occurred shortly after recirculation; this was associated with rCBF below 15 ml/100 g/min during the ischemic period and a pronounced reactive hyperemia promptly following release of MCA occlusion. A refractory period of the BBB was indicated by the absence of EB leakage in cats injected with the tracer 30 min before killing at 3 h after recirculation, although the rCBF values in these animals were even lower (6 +/- 1 ml/100 g/min) during occlusion, and all of them showed a pronounced hyperemia after recirculation. The occurrence of the previous BBB opening in these animals was confirmed by the PAP staining. The second opening of the BBB was observed at 5 and 72 h after recirculation in cats which were injected with EB 30 min before killing, and which showed rCBF below 15 ml/100 g/min during occlusion, followed by a pronounced reactive hyperemia. No EB extravasations were observed at any time in cats in which the rCBF during occlusion was above 15 ml/100 g/min and which failed to show a marked reactive hyperemia. PMID- 3907258 TI - Morphogenesis of amyloid plaques in mice with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. AB - Amyloid plaques were experimentally produced in the brains of mice inoculated with human Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) brain homogenate. Light microscopically, these plaques were mostly round and oval and were surrounded by macrophages and astrocytes. Ultramicroscopically, amyloid plaques were present in the cytoplasm of macrophages or were surrounded by these cells. The macrophages had numerous Golgi apparatuses, endoplasmic reticula (ER), ribosomes, polysomes, and lysosomes with inoculated materials or degenerating products. The bundles of amyloid fibrils were intermingled with the cytoplasm of macrophages, and sometimes limiting membranes were absent. Some bundles of amyloid fibrils projected from the Golgi apparatuses or rough ER and were partly exposed to the extracellular spaces, but there were no amyloid fibrils in the lysosomes. These findings confirmed that amyloid fibrils in the brains of CJD-infected mice were produced by macrophages. PMID- 3907259 TI - A cross-over study of the cycloplegic effects of a single topical application of cyclopentolate-phenylephrine and routine atropinization for 3.5 days. AB - Static refraction in children after the topical instillation of atropine twice a day during 3.5 days was compared with the refraction after a single instillation of one drop of 0.85% cyclopentolate + 1.5% phenylephrine in a randomized cross over study. Atropine eye drops were applied by the parents at home, while the combination drop was applied by personnel at the eye clinic. Refraction was determined by retinoscopy in 40 children (3-6 years) in a single blind manner. No statistically significant difference in cycloplegic effect was found between the 2 methods. The results imply that in clinical practice a single instillation of a combination of 0.85% cyclopentolate and 1.5% phenylephrine can be substituted for conventional "full" atropinization during 3.5 days. PMID- 3907260 TI - Early treatment of granular dystrophy (Groenouw type I). AB - Eight patients with dystrophia corneae (Groenouw type I) were studied. Fifteen eyes in 8 patients were treated with epithelial abrasion, and 5 eyes in 3 patients obtained improvement of visual acuity. In the remaining 10 eyes, the elements were localized so deep in the stroma that they were not altered by the abrasion. Five patients had been treated by corneal grafting. Evident recurrence along the suture lines was observed in 3 eyes and suspected in 2 eyes. It may be concluded that Groenouw type I changes are affected by epithelial abrasion. Early stages obtain visual improvement. Repeated therapeutic epithelial abrasions would seem to be a treatment possibility for patients with incipient changes. PMID- 3907261 TI - Morbidity after femoral neck fracture not increased in diabetics. AB - In a retrospective study the morbidity following surgery for femoral neck fracture was investigated in 81 patients with diabetes mellitus and in 81 non diabetic matched control patients. Sixteen patients in each group had postoperative complications with no tendency to specific complications in the diabetic patients. Morbidity was equally distributed between patients treated with insulin, antidiabetic agents, and diet. Our results do not support the common belief that there is an increased postoperative risk in diabetic patients. PMID- 3907262 TI - The osteoinductive capacity of differently HCl-decalcified bone alloimplants. AB - Three procedures to obtain bone inductive implants were tested heterotopically in 3-month-old allogeneic rats: 1) antigen-extracted HCl-decalcified at 4 degrees C, autolysed implant (AAA bone); 2) HCl-decalcified implant at 4 degrees C; 3) HCl decalcified implant at room temperature. Each type of implant was either deep frozen at -35 degrees C for at least 2 months or immediately freeze-dried. The bone inductive capacity of the differently HCl-decalcified cortical bone implant was evaluated at 2 months by isotopic strontium incorporation and by ash-weight measurements. Bone HCl-decalcification alone, either at 4 degrees C or at room temperature, gave a higher new bone yield than the freeze-dried AAA bone. The type or short-term preservation technique had no effect on the osteoinductive capacity of either of the differently treated implants, AAA bone expected. PMID- 3907263 TI - A case of blackthorn synovitis. AB - A seven-year-old boy fell against a blackthorn bush and found that thorns had penetrated the skin over the left knee. Aseptic synovitis developed with repeated febrile episodes. With the suspicion of septic arthritis, the patient was treated with antibiotics on repeated occasions, two negative joint aspirations and a knee joint exploration were performed. Three months after the injury the correct diagnosis was made at a second arthrotomy when an intra-articular thorn was removed and synovectomy carried out, after which healing was uneventful. PMID- 3907264 TI - Ultrasonography in hip disease in children. AB - Intra-articular synovial effusion was visualized in different juvenile hip diseases by ultrasonography; 166 hips from 149 children were examined. Joint aspiration of 97 hips confirmed that ultrasonography was more sensitive than conventional radiography in diagnosing effusion. The magnitude of the ultrasonic joint space correlated well with the clinical severity of the disease, the volume of synovial fluid, and the intra-articular pressure. Considerable widening of the ultrasonic joint space was seen in transient synovitis, septic arthritis, reactive arthritis and arthritis with urticaria; moderate widening was seen in some patients with Perthes disease, and symmetrical joint space in patients with nonspecific arthralgia. We conclude that ultrasonography is valuable in the diagnosis and follow-up of synovial effusion of the hip in children. PMID- 3907265 TI - Recurrent dislocation of the shoulder. The Alvik modification of the Eden Hybinette operation. AB - We re-examined 31 patients treated with Alvik's modification of the Eden Hybbinette operation for recurrent anterior dislocation of the shoulder joint after 5 (2-14) years. Two patients had been re-operated because of instability. Muscular strength and joint motion were only insignificantly affected. Only one patient did not rate the results as good. The rate of recurrences was comparable to other methods, but the frequency of reoperations was low, as no complications occurred from fixation of the bone block. PMID- 3907266 TI - Incidence of osteonecrosis after renal transplantation. AB - The incidence of osteonecrosis was 24% in 248 patients who had received 262 kidney transplants 1971-1982. However, based only on patients at risk, i.e. alive with functioning transplants, the incidence at 1, 3 and 6 years was found to be 13, 27 and 36%; after six years no new cases were found. The relative increase in body-weight at 180 days was predictive as regards risk for osteonecrosis, while the cumulative dose of steroids was not. This suggests that individual sensitivity to steroids rather than the absolute cumulative dose is involved in the development of osteonecrosis. PMID- 3907268 TI - Frozen section diagnosis of hypertensive pulmonary vascular changes at surgery for congenital heart anomalies. AB - Frozen sections of lung biopsy were prepared in 30 cases of congenital heart anomalies with pulmonary hypertension, and evaluation of severity of the pulmonary vascular changes was made during the surgery. Statistically, significant differences was not found between the diagnosis made by frozen sections and those made by paraffin sections. It is concluded that rapid and accurate diagnosis of pulmonary vascular changes can be made by means of frozen section diagnosis. This method will prove to be clinically important by assisting during operation in rapid assessment of indication for total correction of congenital heart anomalies. PMID- 3907269 TI - Application of parietal cell autoantibody to histopathological studies. AB - Parietal cell antibody (PCA) from the serum of a patient with type A gastritis was used for the immunohistochemical demonstration of human parietal cells not only in frozen sections but in paraffin-embedded biopsy specimens. The antigenicity was occasionally lost in paraffin sections of routine surgical materials. With the indirect immunoperoxidase technique, PCA clearly detected antigenic substances on the intracytoplasmic canalicular structures and focally on the apical plasma membranes. These intracellular localization patterns differed from those of intrinsic factor, which was present on fine vesicular structures along the intracytoplasmic canaliculi and apical plasma membranes. A few PCA-reactive cells were further demonstrated in normal pyloric glands, atrophic fundic glands with pseudopyloric gland metaplasia and cystic changes, a hamartomatous polyp in the fundic mucosa, and in heterotopic gastric mucosa in the duodenum. Developing parietal cells in the newborn stomach were also visualized by PCA. In one of 16 surgical specimens of gastric cancer, abortive gland lumens formed by the cancer cells were focally positive with PCA. Immunostaining with PCA was, therefore, a useful tool for the detection of pathological alterations of human parietal cells in routine histopathology specimens. PMID- 3907267 TI - Rupture of the quadriceps tendon. AB - Twelve patients operated for fresh rupture of the quadriceps tendon were re examined after 5 (2-11) years. The tendon was sutured end-to-end or to the patella. The result was good in seven cases, fair in four and poor in one case of re-rupture, left unrepaired. PMID- 3907270 TI - A study on pulmonary hemorrhage experimentally produced by the Shwartzman mechanism in rabbits. Possible relationship to pulmonary hemorrhage in man. AB - The lung was chosen as a target organ of the univisceral Shwartzman reaction in this study. Rabbits were selected as the experimental animal, and E. coli endotoxin was used as the Shwartzman reagent. Preparative procedures were applied through the trachea into the lung in several ways; direct injection of the endotoxin solution and inhalation of the atomized endotoxin solution by natural breathing. The provocation was made by intravenous injection of the same endotoxin 24 hours later. The lung showed severe hemorrhage associated with inflammatory cell infiltration, interstitial fibrosis, macrophage accumulation, etc. The severity and extent of these changes varied, to some extent, between groups as well as between individual animals. The fundamental character was, however, common to all, and the incidence of the lesion in the lung was quite high. The relationship of the present results to idiopathic pulmonary hemorrhage and Goodpasture's syndrome is also discussed from the viewpoint of human pathology. PMID- 3907271 TI - Subcutaneous sacrococcygeal myxopapillary ependymoma. A case report and review of the literatures. AB - A case of myxopapillary ependymoma originating in the soft tissue is described. The tumor was located subcutaneously over the coccyx of an 11-year-old girl but was connected neither to the filum terminale nor cauda equina. Clinically, the tumor was locally resected with a diagnosis of pilonidal cyst. Histological and electron microscopic findings were identical to myxopapillary ependymoma. The tumor cells showed a positive reaction by immunoperoxidase method (PAP method) of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). PMID- 3907272 TI - Carcinosarcoma of the stomach. A case report with light microscopic, immunohistochemical, and electron microscopic study. AB - Carcinosarcoma of the stomach is an uncommon lesion of uncertain histogenesis. Light microscopic, immunohistochemical, and electron microscopic examinations of the tumor in the present case favor the view that these carcinosarcomatous tumors may arise from mesenchymal (or sarcomatous) transformation of carcinoma cells. PMID- 3907273 TI - [The effects of artemether on serum IgG and spleen weight in mice]. PMID- 3907274 TI - Oxytocin infusions increase plasma levels of insulin and VIP but not of gastrin in conscious dogs. AB - In the present study, a radioimmunoassay for oxytocin determinations is presented. In addition, we investigated whether the elevation of insulin, VIP and gastrin levels demonstrated to occur in response to suckling in lactating dogs may be induced by released oxytocin. Therefore, oxytocin was infused i.v. into conscious dogs in amounts calculated to give rise to plasma levels observed during physiological circumstances. Plasma levels of oxytocin, insulin, VIP (vasoactive intestinal polypeptide) and gastrin were measured by radioimmunoassay. When oxytocin was infused at a rate of 0.22 and 2.2 nmol kg-1 h 1, plasma oxytocin levels rose to 176 +/- 25 fmol ml-1 and to 1490 +/- 400 fmol ml-1, respectively, 10 min after the infusions were started. Plasma insulin levels rose in response to oxytocin administered at a rate of 0.22 and 2.2 nmol kg-1 h-1. A peak was recorded within 5 min of oxytocin infusion, that is, before maximal oxytocin levels were recorded, and basal levels were reached within about 20 min. The VIP levels rose slightly following infusion of oxytocin at 0.22 nmol kg-1 h-1, but a clear-cut response that lasted for 60 min was observed following infusion of oxytocin at the highest dose. In contrast, gastrin levels were not influenced by the oxytocin infusions. Suckling in dogs is followed by rapidly occurring short-lasting elevations of oxytocin levels in plasma which amount to 50-100 fmol ml-1. Since insulin and VIP were released by oxytocin when administered in amounts that give rise to plasma levels close to those levels, it is suggested that the secretion of insulin and VIP that occurs in response to suckling in lactating dogs may in part be caused by previously released oxytocin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3907275 TI - The influence of purified somatomedins and insulin on foetal rat brain DNA synthesis in vitro. AB - The two main forms of somatomedins, termed insulin-like growth factor I and II (IGF-I and IGF-II), have been isolated from human plasma. Pure IGF-I or IGF-II was incubated with foetal rat brain cells and found to be equipotent in stimulating the [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA, despite the fact that IGF-I not is present during foetal life. PMID- 3907276 TI - Peptide YY (PYY)-immunoreactive neurons in the lower brain stem and spinal cord of rat. PMID- 3907277 TI - A double blind study in out-patients with primary non-agitated depression treated with imipramine in combination with placebo, diazepam or dixyrazine. AB - Sixty-three out-patients suffering from primary non-agitated depression were included in a double-blind, between-patient randomized study. All patients were treated with imipramine (100-200 mg-day) combined with either placebo, diazepam (10 mg/day) or dixyrazine (50 mg/day) for 8 weeks. The clinical efficacy assessed with a subscale of CPRS was significantly (p1 less than or equal to 0.05) better for the imipramine-dixyrazine combination than for the imipramine-diazepam or imipramine-placebo combination. Serum concentration of imipramine was significantly higher (p1 less than or equal to 0.05) in the group treated with dixyrazine than in the other two groups. Further, serum concentration of imipramine in the diazepam group was significantly lower (p1 less than or equal to 0.05) than in the placebo group. At the end of the study, 67% in both the placebo and the diazepam group and 86% in the dixyrazine group were practically symptom-free. PMID- 3907278 TI - Perphenazine decanoate vs. perphenazine enanthate: efficacy and side effects in a 6 week double-blind, comparative study of 50 drug monitored psychotic patients. AB - In a six-week randomized, double-blind study the efficacy and side effects of perphenazine decanoate (PD) and perphenazine enanthate (PE) were evaluated and compared in 26 and 24 acute psychotic patients respectively. Of either formulation 100 mg were administered intramuscularly every two weeks. Maximum and minimum plasma concentrations of perphenazine were measured for each injection period using gas liquid chromatography. There was no statistically significant difference between PD and PE in terms of overall antipsychotic efficacy, assessed by means of the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS). However, when an 'Amelioration Score' (AMS) of at least 50% of the totally obtainable scores was defined as individual response criterion it was revealed that the PD group only one patient (4%) did not meet this criterion, compared with six patients (25%) in the PE group. Extrapyramidal side effects were significantly more pronounced in the PE-treated patients, who also required significantly higher amounts of antiparkinson medication. The mean maximum concentration of perphenazine in plasma was 5.0 nmol/l in the PD, and 10.6 nmol/l in the PE-treated patients. The ratio of the mean maximum to the mean minimum concentration was 1.41 and 4.02 in the decanoate and enanthate groups respectively. In the patients treated with PD there were signs of accumulation indicating the possibility of prolonging dosage intervals. The present study yielded further support to previous findings demonstrating that intramuscular administration of PD dissolved in sesame oil, in contrast to PE, results in even and flat plasma perphenazine concentration curves, which not only provides a stable antipsychotic effect but also most likely carry the responsibility for the low incidence of extrapyramidal side effects observed. PMID- 3907279 TI - Long-term depot neuroleptic treatment with perphenazine decanoate. I. Efficacy and side effects in a 12 month study of 42 drug monitored psychotic patients. AB - In an open, prospective 12 month study of perphenazine decanoate (PD), 42 psychotic patients diagnosed according to DSM-III were treated with a fixed depot interval and an individual dose, guided by gas chromatographic perphenazine plasma concentration monitoring combined with clinical evaluation. Degree of illness was rated using a social-psychiatric CGI-scale and extrapyramidal side effects were evaluated by means of a modified Simpson and Angus rating scale. After six months of treatment, a statistically significant improvement was found (p less than 0.001). During the last six months a further slight reduction in mean CGI-scores was observed. Mild to moderate extrapyramidal side effects occurred in 9 patients (21%) principally during the initial phase of therapy. No other side effects or changes in blood chemistry were found during the study. Plasma concentrations of perphenazine increased during the initial 3 months and stabilized hereafter. There were however, large intra- and inter-individual variations in the perphenazine plasma concentration/dose ratio. In addition, it was observed that plasma concentrations of perphenazine were significantly higher in patients who had been treated with neuroleptics for more than 10 years compared to those who had been treated 5 years or less. This observation indicates gradual development of tolerance to neuroleptic treatment. This study demonstrates that PD is a safe and effective remedy for maintenance therapy in psychotic patients. PMID- 3907280 TI - Ultrasonic assessment of abdominal venous return. I. Effect of cardiac action and respiration on mean velocity pattern, cross-sectional area and flow in the inferior vena cava and portal vein. AB - Duplex scanning, i.e. combined real time ultrasonography and pulsed Doppler velocity measurement, of the inferior vena cava and portal vein was performed in 85 patients subjected to routine left and right heart catheterization. Mean blood velocity and volume blood flow in the inferior vena cava were found to be pulsatile, reflecting both cardiac action and respiration. Different flow patterns could be related to various heart conditions. The cross-sectional area of the inferior vena cava was also pulsatile, the normal variation with respiration being partial collapse during inspiration and maximum distension at end expiration. In the majority of patients, portal vein flow showed variation with respiration only, maximum flow occurring during expiration. The flow patterns found in the two veins were well in accordance with previous invasive findings in animals. It is concluded that duplex scanning is a useful tool in the assessment of abdominal venous return. PMID- 3907281 TI - Accuracy of repeated kidney size estimation by ultrasonography and urography in children. AB - The accuracy of repeated sonographic and urographic kidney length measurements in kidney size evaluation was investigated in 80 children 0 to 14 years of age, mean age 4.5 years. At sonography 250 kidney lengths were compared. A difference of 0 to 1.0 cm in repeated length measurement was considered to be good accuracy and 94 per cent of right and 96 per cent of left kidney lengths were found within this interval--a better result than for urography with 76 per cent of repeated right kidney and 79 per cent of kidney lengths within the same interval (94 lengths). Both methods display a variation of kidney length which may lead to under- and overestimation of kidney size and growth. The investigation thus indicates good accuracy for repeated sonographic kidney size assessment which should be repeated often enough to establish a growth chart displaying the trend rather than rely too much on single measurements. Sonography can be highly recommended as a convenient and harmless alternative to urography. PMID- 3907282 TI - [Treatment of pancreatic cysts studied by real-time echo scanning]. PMID- 3907283 TI - Distribution of ferritin and hemosiderin in the liver, spleen and bone marrow of normal, phlebotomized and iron overloaded rats. AB - The distribution of ferritin has been studied in many tissues, but has not yet been established on the cellular level. We investigated the cellular distribution of ferritin in the liver, spleen and bone marrow using the immunoperoxidase method, and compared it with that of hemosiderin. We also examined changes in the distribution of these proteins after phlebotomy and iron overload. In normal rats, ferritin was seen in centrilobular hepatocytes, Kupffer cells, macrophages in the red and white pulp of the spleen and central macrophages in bone marrow. Hemosiderin was observed almost exclusively in the red pulp and partly in tangible body macrophages of the white pulp. After phlebotomy, neither ferritin nor hemosiderin were detectable in these cells except for ferritin-positive cells in the white pulp, which showed little change after either phlebotomy or iron overload. In iron overloaded rats, both ferritin and hemosiderin increased in hepatocytes and reticulo-endothelial (RE) cells. Ferritin-positive cells in the liver were mainly located in the periportal area. These results indicated that hepatocytes and RE cells except for those in the white pulp may play an important role in iron storage, and that ferritin-positive cells in the white pulp may have a function other than iron reserve. They also suggested that the zonal distribution of ferritin-positive hepatocytes may be due to microcirculation in the hepatic lobules. PMID- 3907284 TI - Metabolism of branched-chain amino acids in rats with acute hepatic failure: a tracer study using 15N-leucine. AB - Fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) was produced in rats with intraperitoneal injection of D-galactosamine. Control rats received only physiological saline. 15N-leucine (200 mg/kg of body weight) was injected into the rats via the tail vein. Arterial blood was drawn before and 5, 15, 30 and 60 min after the injection of 15N-leucine. 15N-amino acids were determined quantitatively by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. The plasma 15N-leucine level decreased logarithmically in the same manner in both groups. This result suggests that leucine is mainly metabolized in extrahepatic tissues. The incorporation of 15N into plasma isoleucine and valine was not significantly different between the groups. Plasma alanine and glutamine concentrations increased in controls and decreased in FHF rates after the injection. The incorporation of 15N into plasma alanine in rats with FHF was significantly later than in controls. This result may suggest that undergoing hyperammonemia causes to form more glutamine from glutamate in extrahepatic sites as the same manner as for chronic hepatic failure. Additionally, insulin levels increased temporarily after the injection of leucine in both groups. This increase may play a role in the decrease in plasma isoleucine and valine concentrations after injection of leucine. PMID- 3907285 TI - Hydralazine-associated glomerulonephritis. AB - Nine patients (6 men, 3 women) with rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis developing during hydralazine therapy were seen. Early cessation of hydralazine treatment resulted in improvement in seven patients, while continued hydralazine treatment resulted in permanent renal insufficiency in two. The clinical symptoms of systemic illness associated with the hydralazine syndrome were absent in most patients. Antinuclear antibody test was positive in all, and six investigated patients had antibodies to histones. All patients had anemia, high ESR, and microscopic hematuria. Five of the nine patients were rapid drug acetylators. Renal biopsies from eight patients revealed a uniform histologic picture with segmental necrosis of glomeruli and extracapillary proliferation. Immunofluorescence investigation was positive in all and electron microscopy revealed deposits in the glomerular capillary walls in five of seven specimens. This renal disease may represent a late and monosymptomatic manifestation of the hydralazine syndrome. PMID- 3907287 TI - Low prevalence of abdominal aortic aneurysm in hypertensive patients. A population-based study. AB - The prevalence of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) was estimated by ultrasonography in hypertensives in the age group 50-70 years in geographically defined population. Only one case of AAA was found among 245 patients. This rather unexpected result implies a probability of less than 5% that the true prevalence of AAA is as high as 2% in hypertensives. Our population-based study indicates a lower prevalence than earlier studies based on necropsies and is an example of research cooperation between primary health care and specialized hospital care. PMID- 3907286 TI - One-month versus six-month therapy with oral anticoagulants after symptomatic deep vein thrombosis. AB - The length of time for which deep vein thrombosis (DVT) should be treated with oral anticoagulants (OA) is controversial. In this study, 135 patients with symptomatic first period DVT (83% with proximal DVT) were randomly allocated to OA for one or six months. The diagnosis of initial and recurrent DVT was confirmed by phlebography or plethysmography and thermography, or by a combination of all these methods. Pulmonary emboli were confirmed by lung scans or at autopsy. The patients were followed for at least one year. One patient had to discontinue OA prematurely because of haemorrhage. Seventeen patients left the project for other reasons, ten during and seven after therapy; in one of these DVT recurred. The recurrence rate during the first year was high (17% symptomatic recurrences) irrespective of whether OA had been given for one or six months. PMID- 3907288 TI - Renal effects of acute exposure to toluene. A controlled clinical trial. AB - Urinary excretion rates of beta 2-microglobulin and albumin were measured in 43 male printing trade workers and 43 age-matched male controls before and during exposure to toluene, 382 mg/m3, for 6 1/2 hours in a climate chamber. There were no significant changes in renal excretion rates of albumin and beta 2 microglobulin during toluene exposure indicating that no causal relationship exists between moderate exposure to organic solvents and renal injury. PMID- 3907289 TI - Renal effects of chronic exposure to organic solvents. A clinical controlled trial. AB - Chronic effects of organic solvents on renal function were measured by creatinine clearances and urinary excretion rates of beta 2-microglobulin and albumin. Forty three male printing trade workers occupationally exposed to different organic solvents for 9-25 years were compared with 43 age-matched male controls. No differences were found either in creatinine clearances or average basal levels of beta 2-microglobulin and albumin excretion rates, whereas a positive relation could be demonstrated between alcohol consumption on the day before the trial and urinary excretion rate of albumin. This investigation did not reveal any adverse renal effects of moderate chronic exposure to organic solvents in a group of active trade workers. PMID- 3907290 TI - Serum bone Gla protein and other biochemical estimates of bone turnover in early postmenopausal women during prophylactic treatment for osteoporosis. AB - Serum bone Gla protein (BGP) and conventional biochemical indices of bone metabolism were determined in 66 early postmenopausal women during a double-blind therapeutic trial performed to investigate the effect of oestrogen, calcium and 1,25 (OH)2D3 on postmenopausal osteoporosis. The biochemical variables were determined before, during and after withdrawal of therapy. We found a very high correlation between serum BGP and serum alkaline phosphatase--a measure of bone formation, less high correlation between serum BGP and the remaining parameters- indices of bone resorption. It is concluded that serum BGP probably reflects bone formation and may prove to be a useful new biochemical marker. PMID- 3907291 TI - Review of primary prevention trials of coronary heart disease. PMID- 3907292 TI - Dietary fatty acids, platelets, endothelial cells and coronary heart disease. AB - The dietary fatty acids include saturated and unsaturated fatty acids of the n-9, n-6 and n-3 families. Their quantity and quality are reflected in the plasma lipoproteins. The platelet and endothelial cell lipid composition also is influenced by the dietary fatty acids. These changes have consequences for cellular lipid and prostanoid metabolism and other cellular functions which could be related to the thrombosis mechanism. A high intake of saturated and n-9 unsaturated fatty acids induces changes in plasma, platelets and endothelial cells favouring thrombosis and atherosclerosis. By contrast, both n-6 and n-3 fatty acids give rise to plasma lipoprotein and cellular lipid composition that counteract atherosclerosis and thrombosis. The ideal balance between the various dietary fatty acids is not known. Experimental and epidemiological studies support the recommendation of a low saturated fat intake with supplement of both n-6 and -3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. PMID- 3907293 TI - Abnormalities in metabolism of low density lipoproteins associated with coronary heart disease. AB - Low density lipoprotein (LDL) is probably the most atherogenic of all the lipoproteins. Several abnormalities in LDL metabolism seem to be associated with coronary heart disease (CHD) one of them being an elevation of plasma LDL concentration. Recent findings suggest that disorders in the metabolism of LDL could be associated with accelerated atherosclerosis even without elevated LDL levels such as increased flux of LDL and changes in the LDL composition. Elevation of plasma LDL levels can be caused by two factors, first, a decrease in the clearance of LDL and second, an overproduction of this lipoprotein. Catabolism of LDL is largely determined by the LDL receptors as clearly shown in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). In this inherited disease the patients do not have normal LDL receptors and their LDL levels are remarkably elevated. LDL production is also increased in these subjects. In the rest of the population LDL levels are regulated by both the LDL clearance and production rate. The latter also seems to be related to the LDL receptor activity. The conversion of the LDL precursor, very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) to LDL is the most important factor regulating LDL synthesis. When the LDL receptor activity is low a large fraction of VLDL apolipoprotein B (apoB), the major structural protein in VLDL, is converted to LDL, and LDL production is high. On the other hand, only a small part of VLDL apoB is converted to LDL resulting in low LDL synthesis rate in conditions with high LDL receptor activity. The relationships between production and clearance of LDL are, however, more complex. There are individuals who produce a large number of VLDL and LDL particles but maintain LDL concentrations at a normal level by clearing their LDL very effectively. These subjects obviously have another abnormality in lipoprotein metabolism namely an overproduction of apoB. This disorder has been observed in several conditions like obesity, adult-onset diabetes mellitus, several patients with familial combined hyperlipidemia and some normolipidemic subjects with premature coronary heart disease. In all these conditions increased transport of LDL can be associated with coronary artery disease even in the absence of hypercholesterolemia. This raises the possibility that increased flux of LDL could itself be atherogenic possibly by overloading reverse cholesterol transport. Finally, there is some evidence that LDL particle composition may be important in the process of atherogenesis. High LDL apoB but normal LDL cholesterol levels, hyperapobetalipoproteinemia, has been associated with premature coronary heart disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3907294 TI - Plasma insulin as coronary heart disease risk factor: relationship to other risk factors and predictive value during 9 1/2-year follow-up of the Helsinki Policemen Study population. AB - In the Helsinki Policemen Study based on a cohort of 982 men aged 35-64 years and free of coronary heart disease (CHD) at entry plasma insulin level (fasting, 1 hour and 2-hour plasma insulin after oral glucose load) showed during a 9 1/2 year follow-up a non-linear association to the incidence of "hard criteria" CHD events (CHD death or non-fatal myocardial infarction) with highest incidence in the top decile of plasma insulin. Plasma insulin levels showed positive correlations, besides to blood glucose levels, to body mass index, plasma triglyceride level and blood pressure and inverse correlations to leisure time physical activity and objectively measured physical fitness. In multivariate analyses the predictive value of high plasma insulin with respect to CHD risk was found to be independent of other risk factors, including blood glucose levels. PMID- 3907295 TI - Randomised controlled trial of the treatment of hyperlipidaemia on progression of atherosclerosis. AB - Two types of end-point measurement are presently available in clinical trials of the effect of treatment of hyperlipidaemia on cardiovascular disease; these are the incidence of clinical events and the arteriographic assessment of progression or regression of atherosclerosis. These approaches are briefly reviewed. In the present trial, 25 hyperlipidaemic men with symptomatic femoral atherosclerosis underwent biplanar femoral arteriography at baseline. They were then randomised into treatment and usual-care groups; treatment was individualized, comprising a lipid-lowering diet with cholestyramine, nicotinic acid or clofibrate as appropriate for the lipoprotein disorder. Mean cholesterol and triglyceride levels were 19% and 37% lower in the treatment group. Arteriography was repeated after a mean period of 19 months. With attention to blinding of observers, changes in arteriograms were quantitated using computerised image analysis and visual methods, and expressed both by patient and by arterial segment. All end points were in conformity and showed a lower rate of progression of arterial disease in the treatment group, and a higher frequency of segmental regression in treated patients. In this small trial of patients with functionally-significant atherosclerosis, effective treatment of hyperlipidaemia favourably affected the course of the arterial disease. PMID- 3907296 TI - Development of atherosclerotic plaques. AB - Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial disease. A unified model for the lesion development reveals many connections between the response-to-injury hypothesis and the lipid hypothesis. Various cellular uptake mechanisms for native and modified lipoproteins are discussed with respect to foam cell formation and lesion development. The role of arterial smooth muscle cells in atherogenesis is emphasized. Preliminary results of biochemical analyses from the coronary arteries of accidentally died Finnish children and adults reveal that the accumulation of plasma-derived cholesteryl esters in young children began early in childhood, long before the vessels became macroscopically affected and changes in arterial glycosaminoglycans correlated significantly with the accumulation of cholesteryl esters. PMID- 3907297 TI - Dietary factors and hypertension. AB - There is increasing evidence that nutritional factors are critical in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension typical for acculturated societies. These factors include sodium, potassium, calcium, alcohol, and type and level of fat in the diet. More research is needed, however, before the role of various nutrients in the prevention and treatment of hypertension will be ascertained. PMID- 3907298 TI - The Gemfibrozil Study. AB - In clinical studies in dyslipidaemic patients gemfibrozil has produced falls in LDL and VLDL of 10-20% and 30-50%, respectively, but a rise in HDL of 15-25%. Gemfibrozil also produces increases in both Apo AI and AII, and in kininogen and prekallikrein. Side-effects are not a major problem. The Helsinki Heart Study has compared the effects of gemfibrozil with those of placebo in a group of 4080 dyslipidaemic Finnish men aged 40-55. The results are not yet available but there is reason to believe that the probable level of coronary risk reduction will be at least as great as that reported by the Lipid Research Clinics Study Coronary Primary Prevention Trial (LRC-CPPT). PMID- 3907299 TI - Influence of treatment of "mild" hypertension on coronary heart disease. AB - High blood pressure (HBP) in the range 90-104 DBP ("mild") has been shown to carry a sizeable excess risk of coronary death, at least in countries with atherogenic diets. Effective treatment to control HBP should result in lowering CHD risk. Early trials comparing drug treatment vs placebo in such hypertensives were generally too small or too limited to demonstrate this, although overall trends favored treatment. The U.S. Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program (HDFP), a population based trial with 10,940 patients, did demonstrate large reductions in CHD mortality and in nonfatal CHD, as measured by a variety of indices. A subsequent large trial, the Multiple Risk Factor Trial (MRFIT), found benefit in reducing CHD deaths for most hypertensives, but for the subgroup with resting ECG abnormalities, CHD deaths were greater in the Special Intervention than in the Usual Care group. The overall findings of the several studies indicate benefit of effective antihypertensive treatment in reducing CHD mortality and morbidity for most hypertensives with DBP 90-104. However, need to highlight a number of other aspects of antihypertensive treatment is indicated: use of lowest drug level possible to achieve BP normalization; need to control all major CHD risk factors in hypertensives; need to utilize nutritional means to further both these aims; need to monitor and counteract unwanted metabolic effects of antihypertensive drug therapy. PMID- 3907300 TI - [Surgical treatment of complex periodontitis]. PMID- 3907301 TI - [The oral environment: saliva, gingival fluid, plaque and tartar]. PMID- 3907302 TI - Lysosomal sequestration of cytosolic enzymes and lysosomal thiol cathepsins. AB - Cytoplasmic proteins are degraded with different half-lives in vivo. Large parts of proteins are believed to be degraded primarily in autophagic vacuoles lysosomal system. However, the mechanism by which cell proteins are delivered to lysosomes and whether such a process might be selective for certain cell proteins are still unresolved. We examined the mechanism of autophagy with isolated autophagic vacuoles. Administration of leupeptin, a inhibitor of lysosomal thiol proteinases, induced the accumulation of numerous autophagic vacuoles in the liver. Highly purified preparation of autophagic vacuoles was isolated by Percoll density gradient equilibrium fractionation of crude lysosomal fractions. When cytosolic enzyme activities in autophagic vacuoles were measured, tyrosine aminotransferase and tryptophan oxygenase with short half-lives, and lactic dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase with long half-lives were detected at similar ratios of enzymes in autophagic vacuoles/cytosol. During the time that cathepsin B plus L activities in autophagic vacuoles are inhibited by the injection of leupeptin, cytosolic enzymes are being accumulated in autophagic vacuoles suggesting that leupeptin blocks intralysosomal proteolysis, and that cytosolic enzymes are sequestered continuously into autophagosomes. Administration of glucocorticoid, which induces the synthesis of tyrosine aminotransferase, tryptophan oxygenase and cytosolic aspartate aminotransferase, selectively increased the sequestration of these enzymes to proportional degrees. Dietary manipulation and administration of insulin, which inhibit the formation of autophagic vacuoles, suppressed completely the accumulation of autophagic vacuoles in liver by administration of leupeptin. Results indicate that there is no selective uptake of cytosolic enzymes into autophagosome. When distribution of lysosomal cathepsin B and L in liver, which are inhibited strongly by leupeptin, was examined immunohistochemically, cathepsin L is found only in hepatocytes, but cathepsin B is localized in sinusoidal cells rather than in hepatocytes, suggesting that cathepsin L plays a most important role in intralysosomal proteolysis in hepatocytes. PMID- 3907303 TI - The utility of combinations of drugs directed at specific sites of the same target enzyme--ribonucleotide reductase as the model. AB - Ribonucleotide reductase is a key enzyme in DNA replication and, as such, has been a target for antitumor agents. This enzyme is composed of two nonidentical protein subunits which can be specifically and independently inhibited. Combinations of drugs directed at the effector-binding and non-heme iron subunits of ribonucleotide reductase resulted in the synergistic inhibition of L1210 cell growth and synergistic L1210 cell kill. These combinations included dAdo/EHNA/IMPY/Desferal; dAdo/EHNA/hydroxyurea/Desferal (the EHNA was required to protect dAdo from deamination while Desferal modulated the effects of IMPY or hydroxyurea); 2-F-araA/IMPY/Desferal and 2-F-2'-dAdo/IMPY/Desferal (EHNA was not required to protect 2-F-araA or 2-F-2'-dAdo from deamination); and dGuo/8 AGuo/IMPY/Desferal (8-AGuo was required to protect dGuo from phosphorolysis). Although thymidine alone inhibited L1210 cell growth, it was not possible to potentiate the effects of thymidine with the pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase inhibitors, acyclothymidine, 5-chlorouracil and 2,6-dihydroxypyridine. Combinations of drugs directed at the ribonucleotide reductase and DNA polymerase sites were studied for their effects on L1210 cell growth. With these combinations, no synergistic inhibition of L1210 cell growth was observed. The combinations of aphidicolin and IMPY/Desferal and aphidicolin and dAdo/EHNA inhibited L1210 cell growth in an additive manner; the combinations of IMPY/Desferal and BuAU or IMPY/Desferal and BuPdG resulted in antagonistic inhibition of L1210 cell growth. From these results it is clear that combination chemotherapy directed at independent sites of the same key target enzyme can result in strong synergistic inhibition of cell growth and cytotoxicity offering a clear therapeutic advantage. In contrast, the combinations directed at sequential key enzymes (e.g. ribonucleotide reductase and DNA polymerase) did not result in synergistic inhibition of cell growth. The utility of combinations of drugs directed at specific but independent sites of the target enzyme (e.g. ribonucleotide reductase) has been demonstrated in tumor cell systems in culture and now must be demonstrated in vivo. PMID- 3907304 TI - Oxidative stress: excited oxygen species and enzyme activity. AB - The metabolic role of aldehydes, hydroperoxides, and quinones was investigated with emphasis on oxidative transitions involving oxygen free radicals and associated with enzymatic activities. The oxidative metabolism of aldehydes (originating either from ethanol oxidation, or monoamine oxidase activity, or oxidative breakdown of lipid hydroperoxides during lipid peroxidation) is a source of alkane production and low-level chemiluminescence. Since both parameters reflect cellular oxidative conditions, it can be inferred that side products of aldehyde oxidase activity might participate in the link between the initial enzymatic oxidation of aldehyde and the occurrence of oxidizing species leading to chemiluminescence and alkane production. The metabolism of hydroperoxides was considered under two different aspects: first, the hydroperoxide reduction, within the frame of a detoxication mechanism, as mediated by a selenoorganic compound PZ-51 that displays glutathione peroxidase like activity and an antioxidant activity; second, the enzyme-catalyzed disproportionation of hydroperoxides as a source of a potent oxidizing equivalent, singlet molecular oxygen. The cytotoxicity of quinones, utilized in therapeutic agents such as anticancer drugs, is believed to be related to oxidative stress due to the formation of the superoxide radical and subsequent more reactive oxygen species. The enzyme-catalyzed one-electron reduction of menadione seems to play a substantial role in the development of cytotoxic effects, at variance with the 2-electron reduction of the quinone. The observation of low-level chemiluminescence under conditions which favor the one electron reduction process or which diminished the two-electron reduction process indicates the practicability of low-level chemiluminescence measurements in monitoring changes in quinone metabolism and related cytotoxic effects. PMID- 3907305 TI - Study of the monoclonal antibody-insulin interaction. AB - We generated four stable hybridoma lines producing monoclonal antibodies. All antibodies were as reactive with insulin from other species as with swine insulin. The apparent affinity of the monoclonal antibodies for insulin varied in the range from 2 X 10(8) M-1 to 2 X 10(10) M-1. According to their affinity constants some antibodies could be used for the preparation of immunosorbent, and others for the development of immunoassay methods. Bioluminescent cofactor immunoassay is a method of the choice for the detection of insulin concentration in physiological fluids due to its extreme sensitivity and reproducibility. High affinity antibodies of clones I and II may serve as immunospecific constituents for immunoassay method. Epitope specificity of all monoclonal antibodies has not been studied yet in detail and will be the subject of further investigation. PMID- 3907306 TI - Protein O-carboxylmethylation in relation to male gamete production and function. AB - Protein O-carboxylmethyltransferase (PCM) activity of differentiating male germ cells in the testis and of spermatozoa is strikingly high. PCM catalyzes the methylesterification by S-adenosylmethionine of dicarboxylic amino acid residues in proteins. PCM appears to be the only type of protein methyltransferase present in mature spermatozoa. Mammalian sperms contain considerable amounts of S adenosylmethionine and can apparently synthesize this nucleoside from L methionine and ATP. Spermatozoa are rich in S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase. The characteristics of this enzyme in testicular germ cells and in sperms are very similar to those in other mammalian tissues; the very sub-stoichiometric extent of methylation of various pure protein substrates, and the rapid spontaneous hydrolysis of the protein methyl ester products at physiological and especially higher pH values, are particularly remarkable. From studies on processes related to protein O-carboxylmethylation in rat spermatozoa from different regions of the epididymis, and in ejaculated spermatozoa from normal and infertile men, unequivocal evidence could not be obtained for hypotheses of other investigators that PCM-catalyzed reactions are of regulatory importance for the acquisition of a potentiality for motility in sperms during their transit and maturation in the epididymis, or for the locomotion of ejaculated sperms. The findings are discussed in the light of the recent hypothesis of S. Clarke that PCM catalyzes methylesterification of D-aspartyl residues that accumulate in certain proteins as a result of slow spontaneous racemization of L-aspartyl residues, and that the methyl esterification of D-aspartyl residues may be related to disposal or repair of proteins damaged in this fashion. PMID- 3907307 TI - Regulation of purine and pyrimidine metabolism by insulin and by resistance to tiazofurin. AB - The purpose of this investigation was to elucidate the factors that regulate the pattern of gene expression in purine and pyrimidine metabolism in normal liver and hepatoma. For this purpose, the action of a hormone, insulin, and the development of resistance to a chemotherapeutic agent, tiazofurin, were studied. This investigation brought detailed evidence showing that in the rat insulin exerted a profound effect on liver purine and pyrimidine metabolism by regulating the concentrations of nucleotides through controlling the activities of strategic enzymes involved in their biosynthesis. When rats were made diabetic by alloxan treatment, in the average liver cell concentrations of ATP, GTP, UTP and CTP decreased to 66, 62, 54 and 63%, respectively, of those of normal liver. Administration of insulin for 2 days returned the hepatic nucleotide concentrations to normal range; further insulin treatment for an additional 5 days raised the concentrations of ATP, GTP, UTP and CTP to 197, 352, 412 and 792% of values observed in the liver of diabetic rats. In diabetic rats the hepatic activities of OMP decarboxylase, orotate phosphoribosyltransferase, uridine phosphorylase, uridine-cytidine kinase and uracil phosphoribosyltransferase decreased to 44, 48, 70, 36 and 41% of the activities of normal liver. Insulin treatment for 2 days returned activities to normal range. Continued insulin treatment for an additional 5 days increased the enzymic activities to 3.9- to 5.3-fold of those of the liver of the diabetic rats. The regulation by insulin treatment of the activities of enzymes of de novo and salvage synthesis of UMP should explain, in part at least, the decline and increase of the uridylate pool in diabetes and after insulin treatment. In the diabetic rat hepatic CTP synthetase, the rate-limiting enzyme of CTP biosynthesis, decreased to 53% and insulin administration for 2 days restored activity to normal range. Insulin treatment for an additional 5 days increased the synthetase activity to 4-fold of the values of the diabetic liver. Thus, the behavior of liver CTP synthetase activity is tightly linked with that of the CTP pool. In the diabetic rat liver, the activity of IMP dehydrogenase, the rate-limiting enzyme of GTP biosynthesis, decreased to 24% of that of the normal liver. Insulin administration for 2 days returned the activity to normal range, yielding a 4.5-fold increase in the activity from the diabetic to the insulin-treated state.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3907308 TI - Immunochemistry of variants of influenza virus hemagglutinin and neuraminidase. AB - Influenza is impossible to control by vaccination because of variation in the two surface antigens of the virus, the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). This variation is caused by sequence changes in the genes coding these antigens and this article summarizes recent information on the structure of the HA and NA, the way in which these glycoproteins vary and the effects of the changes on the antigenic properties of the virus. PMID- 3907309 TI - Recent efforts in the development of a sporozoite vaccine against human malaria. AB - Nineteen monoclonal antibodies were produced against sporozoites of Plasmodium falciparum. They have been characterized immunochemically, as well as by isotype, CSP reactivity, and stage and species specificity. Five of these monoclonal antibodies were used to screen a genomic library of P. falciparum in the expression vector lambda gt 11. Aspects of the cloning and sequencing of the gene encoding for the CS protein of P. falciparum are described. The CS gene encodes for a sporozoite surface protein which is thought to be important in eliciting protective immunity in man. The protein has regions that include a signal sequence, charge region, a series of repeating peptides in the middle of the protein, followed by another charged region and then an anchor sequence. There are also two regions of amino acid homology between the CS proteins of P. falciparum and P. knowlesi. Both the repeating region and the conserved sequences could form the basis for a vaccine. The immunogen for such a candidate vaccine could be produced in bacterial fermentation systems or by development of synthetic peptides coupled to a carrier. PMID- 3907310 TI - Double eyelid operations. AB - The double eyelid in the Chinese population is a desirable physical feature, which is now increasingly popular and demands modern up-to-date aesthetic operations for its formation. The author describes 3 types of double eyelid operations, e.g., the ligation method, the incision method, and the skin grafting method. The advantages, disadvantages, and indications for each of these methods are evaluated and discussed. The creation of a double eyelid from an anatomic point of view is especially emphasized, with the illustrations of the anatomy and the operation made by the senior author. PMID- 3907311 TI - The classification of complications after augmentation rhinoplasty. AB - The authors classify the complications resulting from augmentation rhinoplasty into 6 types according to the nasal areas involved, then guide the reader to the corresponding technique of management for each type. Their classification is based on the data of 113 patients whom they treated with a secondary rhinoplasty in their clinic during the past 10 years. In the case of augmented noses, it is especially noted that removal of the implant must precede any further treatment in a secondary rhinoplasty. PMID- 3907312 TI - Fever in the elderly. AB - Infection is an important problem in the elderly and it is not unusual for fever to be absent. This review examines our present state of knowledge of the febrile response and considers its apparent impairment in old age. PMID- 3907313 TI - Copper and inflammation--a possible rationale for the pharmacological manipulation of inflammatory disorders. AB - Acute and chronic inflammations are characterized, among other features, by changes in the metabolism of copper and by a widespread responsiveness to the therapy with copper-containing molecules. The exact map of inflammation-induced copper movements as well as the role played by the metal in the pathogenesis of inflammatory disorders are, however, far from being clear, and this is especially true in the case of chronic processes. Nevertheless the present knowledge suggests that the "copper approach' may provide a new way for coping with the problem of anti-inflammatory/anti-arthritic therapies. The administration of exogenous copper, and the in vivo manipulation of the endogenous metal levels are proposed as two possible therapeutic strategies, not necessarily mutually exclusive. For a better understanding of the value of such an approach, further research work is needed, especially to attain a more detailed know-how on the involved chemical forms, distribution and functions of copper in both normal as well as inflamed organisms. PMID- 3907314 TI - Safety and efficacy of a twice-daily dosing regimen for moricizine (ethmozine). AB - Moricizine (ethmozine), a phenothiazine-related new antiarrhythmic agent previously used thrice daily, was studied to determine whether a twice daily regimen could be used with the same degree of efficacy and safety. Ten patients entered a single-blind, 35-day, placebo-controlled, outpatient longitudinal, crossover comparison using 10 to 12 mg/kg/day of moricizine. There were five 7 day phases in which the first, third, and fifth were placebo dosing and the second and fourth were randomized as to moricizine dosage regimen (every 8 hours vs every 12 hours). There were no statistically significant differences between the three placebo periods in ventricular premature complex (VPC) frequency. There was no statistically significant difference between the two dosing regimens for ventricular arrhythmia control with the first day of moricizine dosing; however, when averaging the sixth and seventh days on drug, there was a significantly greater reduction in frequency on the every 12 hour regimen compared to the every 8 hour regimen (p = 0.004). No relationship was found between the percent arrhythmia suppression and dose or plasma concentration. Six patients had transient side effects on the every 12 hour regimen vs four patients with side effects on the every 8 hour regimen. This study demonstrates that moricizine may be used every 12 hours with excellent efficacy and tolerance. PMID- 3907315 TI - A comparison of the acute hemodynamic effects of prostacyclin and hydralazine in primary pulmonary hypertension. AB - In patients with primary pulmonary hypertension the administration of a vasodilating drug is often used to test pulmonary vasoreactivity. Hydralazine has been employed as a test drug, but because of its long duration of action there is a risk of sustained systemic arterial hypotension in patients with a fixed pulmonary vascular resistance. In this study we compared the acute hemodynamic effects of intravenous prostacyclin, a potent, short-acting vasodilator, with the effects of oral or intravenous hydralazine. Both prostacyclin and hydralazine increased cardiac output and decreased systemic pressure without changing pulmonary arterial pressure in seven patients with primary pulmonary hypertension. The average decrease in total pulmonary resistance with prostacyclin (-46% +/- 5%) was more than that with hydralazine (-32% +/- 6%). The respective decreases in total systemic resistance were -50% +/- 4% vs -43% +/- 6%. The percent changes in individual responses to the two agents were correlated (p less than 0.05) for pulmonary arterial pressure, systemic arterial pressure, total pulmonary resistance, and total systemic resistance. We concluded that the pulmonary hemodynamic effects of prostacyclin resembled those of hydralazine. Prostacyclin may predict the acute pulmonary hemodynamic effects of hydralazine in primary pulmonary hypertension and because of its prompt, brief action may provide greater patient safety. PMID- 3907316 TI - Classification of sinus node dysfunction. PMID- 3907317 TI - Cardiovascular manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - SLE affects most aspects of cardiac function, and recent studies have reported increasing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Pathologically, SLE is characterized by a pancarditis involving pericardium, myocardium, endocardium, and coronary arteries. In autopsy series, pericarditis has been found in 43% to 100% (mean 62%, Table I), and myocarditis was found in 8% to 78% (mean 40%, Table II), but both have been underdiagnosed clinically. Libman-Sacks lesions have been noted in 25% to 100% (mean 43%) and infective endocarditis in 1.1% to 4.9% of clinical and autopsy studies (Table III). Coronary disease may be due to arteritis, which should be treated with high-dose steroids, or it may be due to atherosclerosis, which is amenable to medical or surgical therapy. Valvular disease has been treated surgically, but with a combined surgical mortality as high as 25%. Aortic insufficiency and mitral regurgitation are the most common valvular problems, although aortic and mitral stenosis have also been reported. Hypertension has been noted in 14% to 69%, and heart failure in 5% to 44%. Evidence for a lupus cardiomyopathy, which may be subclinical, is reviewed. While steroids may ameliorate SLE pancarditis, they have also been associated with hypertension, LV hypertrophy, purulent and constrictive pericarditis, mitral regurgitation, and perhaps accelerated atherosclerosis. It remains to be seen if improved diagnosis and treatment of the cardiovascular manifestations of SLE can enhance survival. PMID- 3907318 TI - Usefulness of defibrotide in protecting ischemic myocardium from early reperfusion damage. AB - Defibrotide, a partially depolymerized polydeoxyribonucleotide obtained from mammalian lungs, was found to stimulate prostacyclin (PGI2) production and to possess significant antithrombotic and fibrinolytic activities. The present study was designed to evaluate the actions of defibrotide on feline myocardial ischemia, produced by 3 hours of occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) and followed by 2 hours of reperfusion. Intravenous administration of defibrotide (32 mg/kg/hour subsequent to a 32 mg/kg bolus injection), beginning 30 minutes after LAD occlusion, resulted in a 60% reduction in loss of CK specific activity from ischemic myocardium at 5 hours, while the nonischemic myocardium remained unaffected. Defibrotide largely antagonized the increase in ST segment during LAD occlusion and prevented the appearance of a Q wave during early reperfusion, which was found in all vehicle-treated cats. Although 2 of 8 vehicle-treated cats died from ventricular fibrillation and another had severe ventricular tachyarrhythmia, none of the defibrotide-treated cats had similar severe changes in the electrocardiogram and all 7 cats survived the 5-hour observation period. Defibrotide had no direct action on general hemodynamic functions. In a separate set of experiments, defibrotide (0.1 mg/ml) produced an 8- to 10-fold stimulation of PGI2 release. The data suggest a remarkable protective potential of defibrotide on reperfusion damage of the ischemic myocardium, which may be associated with a PGI2-related mechanism. PMID- 3907319 TI - Individualization of calcium entry-blocker dosage for systemic hypertension. AB - The calcium entry blockers are used in a wide variety of clinical situations. Coexisting disease states, such as renal or hepatic dysfunction, may require individualized dosing of these agents. The physiologic changes associated with aging may also affect the pharmacokinetic properties of the drugs. If calcium entry blockers are used concurrently with other medications, dosage adjustment or selection of an alternative drug may be needed. Drug interactions between calcium entry blockers and cimetidine, digoxin and quinidine appear to be clinically significant. Individualized dosing in patients who have coexisting disease or who are using other medications is essential to achieve an adequate therapeutic response and avoid adverse effects. Considerations to attain an optimal response in such situations are presented. PMID- 3907320 TI - Effects of diltiazem on hormonal and hemodynamic responses to lower body negative pressure and tilt in patients with mild to moderate systemic hypertension. AB - Mean arterial blood pressure, forearm vascular resistance, plasma norepinephrine, plasma renin activity and aldosterone responses to graded lower body negative pressure and tilt at 80 degrees were examined in 10 men with mild to moderate essential hypertension before and after 12 weeks of diltiazem (240 to 360 mg/day) therapy. Diltiazem therapy lowered basal supine systolic and diastolic blood pressures without affecting basal heart rate. Mean arterial blood pressure and forearm vascular resistance were decreased from 114 +/- 1.5 to 105 +/- 1 mm Hg, p less than 0.01 and from 29.3 +/- 3.5 to 18.9 +/- 2.1 units, p less than 0.01, respectively. Diltiazem therapy had no effect on basal supine levels of norepinephrine, plasma renin activity or aldosterone, nor on the responses of these hormones to lower body negative pressure. Diltiazem did decrease the forearm vascular resistance responses to lower body negative pressure and tilt. Diltiazem abolished an orthostatic increase (10 +/- 0.3 mm Hg) in mean arterial blood pressure and this was associated with a greater plasma norepinephrine response to tilt. These results suggest that diltiazem decreases vascular resistance through a reduction in the postjunctional effects of norepinephrine on vascular smooth muscle. PMID- 3907321 TI - Long-term renal and systemic effects of calcium entry blockers in normotensive and experimental hypertensive dogs. AB - The effect of diltiazem administered as a sustained infusion (10 to 15 micrograms/kg/min) was studied in 3 groups of conscious instrumented dogs: 4 normotensive, 5 Goldblatt hypertensive (GH) and 4 deoxycorticosterone acetate salt treated Goldblatt hypertensive (DSGH) dogs. Mean arterial blood pressure, left renal blood flow and heart rate were monitored, and the plasma renin activity was determined in a control session and after 3 to 5 days of diltiazem infusion in the normotensive and after 5 to 8 days of infusion in the 2 hypertensive groups. Pressor and renal blood flow responses to phenylephrine, norepinephrine and angiotensin II were also determined in the control session and on the last day of the diltiazem infusion. Mean arterial blood pressure was found to be decreased at the 5 to 8-day interval in the DSGHs and in the GHs, but the change in the latter group was not statistically significant. Mean arterial blood pressure was unchanged in the normotensives. Renal vascular resistance was decreased by diltiazem in the normotensive group at 3 to 5 days and in the DSGHs at 1 to 2 days. Heart rate was not significantly affected by diltiazem in the hypertensive groups, but was increased in the normotensive group at the 1 to 2 day interval. Plasma renin activity tended to increase in the hypertensive, but not in the normotensive dogs. Pressor and renal blood flow responses to all the agonist agents tested were decreased in the presence of diltiazem.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3907322 TI - Effects of diltiazem on serum lipids, exercise performance and blood pressure: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled evaluation for systemic hypertension. AB - Treatment of hypertension with diuretics, beta blockers and alpha blockers may be associated with adverse effects on exercise performance, serum lipids and blood chemistries, as well as with orthostatic effects and fluid retention. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of a sustained-release preparation of diltiazem as sole therapy for moderate essential hypertension was conducted. Diltiazem was administered 2 times a day (360 mg/day) to 16 patients and placebo to 14 patients in a 12-week study. Average supine blood pressure with diltiazem therapy fell from 161/100 to 144/87 mm Hg without fluid retention or orthostatic effects. In an open-label study, patients from the placebo and diltiazem groups continued with diltiazem therapy. At an average of over 8 months, supine blood pressure on diltiazem was 147/88 mm Hg, and after withdrawal to single-blind placebo, average supine blood pressure increased to 173/104 mm Hg. All changes were significant compared with baseline and placebo (p less than 0.01). On diltiazem therapy, maximal treadmill exercise was increased by an average of 55 seconds (p less than 0.01), whereas heart rate, blood pressure and double product (heart rate X blood pressure) were reduced at submaximal exercise, and heart rate and double product were reduced at maximal exercise. No changes in serum glucose, potassium or uric acid were found. No adverse effects on serum lipids occurred. Diltiazem treatment was associated with an increase in high density lipoprotein cholesterol (52 to 60 mg/dl, p less than 0.006) and a decrease in total cholesterol:high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (4.7 to 4.2, p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3907323 TI - Diuretics versus calcium-channel blockers in systemic hypertension: a preliminary multicenter experience with hydrochlorothiazide and sustained-release diltiazem. AB - The safety and efficacy of sustained-release diltiazem 120 to 180 mg, 2 times a day, were compared with hydrochlorothiazide 25 to 50 mg, 2 times a day, and the combination of diltiazem and hydrochlorothiazide in 56 patients with mild to moderate hypertension (supine diastolic blood pressure between 95 and 114 mm Hg) using a placebo-controlled, parallel-design protocol. Data from an additional 21 patients were evaluated for safety only. The data reported herein represent the preliminary experience from a larger 200-patient multicenter study. All patients received placebo for 4 weeks, followed by either hydrochlorothiazide or diltiazem titrated to achieve a diastolic blood pressure reduction of greater than or equal to 10 mm Hg to reach a goal supine diastolic blood pressure of less than 90 mm Hg. Patients not achieving the treatment goal received hydrochlorothiazide plus diltiazem. At week 14, on maintenance monotherapy, diltiazem and hydrochlorothiazide produced comparable reductions in blood pressure from placebo baseline (160.3 +/- 24.3/101.7 +/- 5.5 to 145.2 +/- 24.1/89.8 +/- 7.4 mm Hg with diltiazem, 156.0 +/- 15.6/103.7 +/- 4.7 to 134.1 +/- 12.5/89.2 +/- 9.5 mm Hg with hydrochlorothiazide, p less than 0.001 for both). Diltiazem and hydrochlorothiazide achieved goal blood pressure in 42% and 45% of patients, respectively. The effects in responders were sustained for 6 months. In patients who did not achieve the treatment goal, 63% responded to diltiazem plus hydrochlorothiazide.No clinically significant postural hypotension was observed on any regimen. Heart rate was slightly lower with diltiazem than with hydrochlorothiazide. Adverse effects were minimal with diltiazem, hydrochlorothiazide and diltiazem plus hydrochlorothiazide but more hypokalemia occurred with hydrochlorothiazide.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3907324 TI - Immunodissection of sperm surface modifications during epididymal maturation. AB - Mammalian spermatozoa undergo changes in morphology, composition, and function during transit through the epididymis. These changes correlate with acquisition by sperm of the ability to fertilize ova. It has been found that sperm from the cauda epididymidis, but not those from the caput epididymidis, are able to bind to the zona pellucida. This would imply a modification in sperm surface characteristics. Biochemical and immunological studies have demonstrated changes in sperm surface composition during epididymal maturation. These changes involve addition of epididymal secretory products to the sperm surface, loss or alteration of existing sperm surface molecules, and possibly the unmasking of preexisting molecules or epitopes. Several laboratories have studied the epididymal secretory proteins in the rat, but a consensus has not been reached on the identification, characterization, source, and sperm surface association of these proteins. Monoclonal antibodies are beginning to be used to characterize sperm surface components and sperm maturation antigens. They are proving to be valuable tools for the dissection of epididymal maturation when used in conjunction with biochemical and physiological approaches. PMID- 3907325 TI - Suppression of food intake during infection: is interleukin-1 involved? AB - Loss of food appetite is a common manifestation of acute infectious illness and is believed to contribute to the negative nitrogen balance and loss of body weight that is seen during infection. The frequency with which anorexia occurs with infection suggests that it may be part of the acute phase response. In the present experiments, food intake of fasted rats was suppressed following injection of interleukin-1, a polypeptide that mediates many host responses to infection. We conclude that infection-induced anorexia is, in part, due to the release of interleukin-1. PMID- 3907326 TI - Evidence for diminished brain 5-hydroxytryptamine biosynthesis in obese diabetic and non-diabetic humans. AB - Obese persons are often reported to have marked cravings for simple carbohydrate rich foods. Because of the proposed relationships between protein/carbohydrate selection, plasma tryptophan (TRP) to large neutral amino acids (LNAA) ratios, and brain 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) neurotransmission, we examined the plasma TRP/LNAA ratios in four categories of obese subjects, before and 120 min after oral glucose tolerance test (GTT). Plasma TRP/LNAA ratios were reduced in obese, non-diabetics by 18%, the same extent as for older (approximately 52 yr old) nonobese subjects. In more advanced obesity, ie obesity associated either with glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinemia or hypoinsulinemia, plasma TRP/LNAA ratios were reduced by 25%. One hundred twenty minutes after a 100 g glucose load plasma TRP/LNAA had not been normalized. Based on animal data, these results suggest there may be diminished 5-HT neurotransmission in obese diabetics. The implications of these findings for the cravings of obese for carbohydrate-rich foods is discussed. PMID- 3907327 TI - Bronchoalveolar lavage cell differential in the diagnosis of sarcoid interstitial lung disease. Likelihood ratios based on computerized data base. AB - With the use of a microcomputer, the authors prospectively stored the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cell differential counts from 208 patients undergoing initial evaluation for chronic interstitial lung disease. Sarcoidosis subsequently was diagnosed in 46% of these patients; the remainder had several other etiologies of their lung disease. The BAL lymphocyte count did not allow for clear separation between these two groups. To facilitate the interpretation of the BAL percent lymphocyte data, the authors applied a modification of Bayes' theorem to calculate likelihood ratios for the differential diagnosis of sarcoidosis versus other interstitial lung disease. These values ranged from 0.15 for patients with less than 6% lymphocytes to 3.5 when more than 40% lymphocytes were found. Similar results were obtained with a subsequent, independently analyzed group of 46 patients. To provide a more meaningful interpretation of the BAL fluid lymphocyte count, the authors designed a reporting scheme that includes both a written description and a graphic representation of the likelihood ratio. Prospective collection of data using microcomputers should extend this useful form of reporting to additional laboratory studies. PMID- 3907328 TI - Meta-analysis of consultation outcome studies. AB - The results of 54 controlled studies of psychological consultation using mental health, behavioral, and organization development models were synthesized using meta-analysis. The results supported the continued use of consultation as an effective practice in modifying consultee and, to a lesser extent, client behavior and attitudes. On the average, consultees showed improvements greater than 71% and clients showed improvements greater than 66% of untreated comparable groups. No differences were found in terms of effectiveness among the three models. PMID- 3907329 TI - The Mengele report. PMID- 3907330 TI - Murders for profit. The case of John Donald Merrett. AB - Forensic cases may be of historical interest because of their rarity, unique characteristics and conclusions, and potential for educating forensic scientists. The case of John Donald Merrett, who committed multiple murders for profit in Great Britain in 1926 and in 1954, is a notable example of a case in which both police and forensic scientists made serious errors, these errors leading to Merrett's acquittal when he was tried in 1927 for the shooting death of his mother. Imprisoned for forgery, Merrett was released only to resume a life of crime culminating in 1954 in the brutal murders of his wife and mother-in-law. Pursued by the police, he committed suicide. The Merrett case was of great benefit to forensic medicine in emphasizing the necessity for close teamwork among police and forensic scientists and in furthering the development of forensic ballistics. PMID- 3907331 TI - Role of nocturnal acid suppression on the rate of duodenal ulcer healing: clinical dose-range trials with oxmetidine. AB - These studies represent the first attempt to compare, concurrently, several once or twice daily dosage regimens of an H2-receptor antagonist for ulcer-healing efficacy in the same national population within the same time period, using the same criteria for patient selection, duration of treatment, and end-point. Investigators from 66 centers entered 745 patients, 17-71 years of age, with endoscopically documented uncomplicated duodenal or pyloric channel ulcers, greater than or equal to 0.5 cm in the longest axis. Patients were randomly assigned to six regimens (five oxmetidine, one placebo) and were dosed once (bedtime) or twice (morning and bedtime) daily. Antacid use was restricted. Endoscopy was performed at wk 0 and 2, and at wk 4 in patients not healed at wk 2. Statistical analysis at wk 4 revealed the following healing rates with oxmetidine: 400 mg bid-73.3%; 600 hs-71%; 400 hs-68.6 and 61.6%; 200 mg bid 61.5%; and 200 hs-59.9%. All of the regimens except 200 hs were statistically significantly superior to placebo. The efficacy of the nocturnal 600-mg dose was comparable to that of 400 mg bid and the efficacy of the nocturnal 400-mg dose was comparable to that of 200 mg bid. PMID- 3907332 TI - Beta 2 microglobulin in multiple myeloma. AB - Serum beta 2 microglobulin levels (B2M) were evaluated before and during chemotherapy in 97 previously untreated patients with multiple myeloma. Pretreatment values were useful in confirming tumor mass grade, and marked reductions following chemotherapy correlated well with the onset of remission. No gain was evident from correcting the B2M for the level of serum creatinine. A pretreatment B2M value greater than 6 mg/L correlated with a low response rate and was the most important variable that predicted a short survival time. PMID- 3907333 TI - Continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration in acute renal failure. AB - This extensive review describes the settings for continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration (CAVH) and attempts to compare it to traditional dialysis therapies for acute renal failure. In addition hemodynamic stability, membrane biocompatibility, nutrition, fluid and solute removal, operational characteristics, anticoagulation, replacement solutions, drug removal, complications, and trouble shooting during CAVH are all discussed in detail. The cost of CAVH v dialysis is equal. CAVH is probably the renal replacement therapy of choice for hemodynamically unstable patients with acute renal failure and contraindications to peritoneal dialysis. PMID- 3907335 TI - The chronic effects of mechanical trauma to the skin: a review of the literature. AB - This paper summarizes the findings of a NIOSH reported entitled "The Chronic Effects of Repeated Mechanical Trauma to the Skin: A Description of the Problem in the Workplace" (the Trauma Report). Medical literature and U.S. health statistics (population surveys and occupational health reports) were reviewed to determine the long-range impact of repeated mechanical trauma sustained in the workplace. Trauma was rarely recognized as contributing to dermatological disorders. Conventional sources of information were found to be inadequate for precise estimation of costs. A minimal estimate of the annual cost of cutaneous disorders resulting from repeated mechanical trauma to the skin is $15 million. PMID- 3907334 TI - Nutrition in renal transplantation. AB - This study was conducted to determine whether a high-nitrogen, low-carbohydrate diet in the immediate post-operative renal transplant period could result in a positive nitrogen balance and fewer cushingoid side effects. Twelve consecutive nondiabetic renal transplant recipients were randomly assigned to the isocaloric control or experimental diet group. The six patients ingesting the experimental diet achieved positive nitrogen balance whereas five of the six patients on the control diet had a negative nitrogen balance. The nitrogen balance varied directly and proportionately with the protein intake. Potassium balance mirrored the nitrogen balance data. Cushingoid side effects did not develop in any of the six experimental diet patients whereas four of the six control diet patients had evidence of severe cushingoid appearance and two had moderate cushingoid appearance (P = .01). Based upon the findings of this study, we suggest that the renal transplant recipient's diet could be altered to provide more protein and less carbohydrate to improve nitrogen balance and prevent cushingoid features. It is possible that a high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet may be used by additional patients taking steroids for other disease states to prevent cushingoid side effects and improve nitrogen balance. PMID- 3907337 TI - Interhospital variations in hospital pharmacy markups. AB - The relationship between pharmacy pricing policies and overall hospital objectives was analyzed for 64 South Carolina hospitals in 1980. Using published hospital data, a linear regression model was developed to test the relationship between a pricing variable (the charge-to-cost ratio for each pharmacy) and five independent variables: demand (defined as hospital occupancy rate), industry structure (defined as affiliation or nonaffiliation with a multihospital system), level of hospital use by Medicare and Medicaid patients (defined as the proportion of hospital admissions for which reimbursement was based on costs), the contribution of nonoperating revenue, or subsidization (defined as the proportion of hospital nonoperating revenue to total expenses), and the contribution of operating revenues of departments other than pharmacy (defined as the proportion of non-pharmacy charges to total charges). In these predominantly nonprofit hospitals, the mean (+/- standard deviation) pharmacy markup was 1.99 +/- 0.49, with considerable inter-hospital variation. The level of hospital use by Medicare and Medicaid patients had the greatest influence on variation in markup, indicating that hospitals were responding to cost-based payer reimbursement practices by raising charges in areas with a high cost base, such as pharmacy. Nonoperating revenue and operating revenue of departments other than pharmacy also were significantly related to the charge-to-cost ratio. The relationship between the charge-to-cost ratio and either occupancy rate or affiliation with a multihospital system was not significant. The hospitals studied set pharmacy revenues to contribute to overall target income, but pharmacy prices were not set to achieve maximum profits by responding to changes in demand. PMID- 3907336 TI - beta 2-Microglobulinuria among workers previously exposed to cadmium: follow-up and dose-response analyses. AB - Sixty workers (58 males, 2 females) who had previously been exposed to cadmium in connection with the use of cadmium-containing solders were examined. Exposure times ranged from 4 to 24 years. For each worker a cumulative cadmium dose estimate was calculated. This ranged from 0.35 to 9.9 mg/m3 X year. The prevalence of slight (U-beta 2 greater than 0.034 mg/mmole creatinine) and more pronounced (U-beta 2 greater than 0.1 mg/mmole creatinine) beta 2 microglobulinuria in the whole group was 40% and 23%, respectively. The prevalence of beta 2-microglobulinuria was strongly related to the cumulative dose estimate and to urinary cadmium level. Among workers with a cumulative dose estimate below 1 mg/m3 X yr there were only a few cases with slight tubular proteinuria, whereas for workers who had a cumulative dose estimate exceeding 3 mg/m3 X yr the prevalence of slight and pronounced beta 2-microglobulinuria was 77% and 54%, respectively. There was no significant relationship between the concentration of beta 2-microglobulin in serum and urine. This indicates that the beta 2-microglobulinuria is due to tubular damage and is not secondary to an increased endogenous production. Repeated examinations of 19 workers between 1976 and 1983 revealed that in almost all cases the beta 2-microglobulinuria was irreversible. PMID- 3907338 TI - In vitro inactivation of tobramycin by cephalosporins. AB - The in vitro inactivation of tobramycin when combined with each of six cephalosporins in samples of human serum was investigated. Each of six cephalosporins (cefazolin sodium, cefoxitin sodium, cefamandole nafate, moxalactam disodium, cefoperazone sodium, and cefotaxime sodium) was added to human serum samples containing tobramycin sulfate 8 micrograms/mL to produce final cephalosporin concentrations of approximately 250 and 1000 micrograms/mL. Duplicate solutions were prepared and stored at either 0 or 21 degrees C. Solutions containing tobramycin 8 micrograms/mL alone and with carbenicillin disodium in four concentrations were prepared as controls. Samples were assayed using a fluorescence polarization immunoassay (TDX) at 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, and 48 hours to determine tobramycin concentration; two of the carbenicillin-tobramycin solutions were frozen immediately for assay 53 hours later. Tobramycin concentrations in the admixtures were compared with those in tobramycin reference samples. At both temperatures, samples containing tobramycin with cefamandole 250 micrograms/mL or cefotaxime 250 micrograms/mL showed less than 10% inactivation of tobramycin for at least 48 hours. At 0 degrees C, tobramycin retained greater than 90% activity when combined with cefoperazone 250 and 1000 micrograms/mL. In samples containing cefazolin 250 micrograms/mL at 0 degrees C and cefoperazone 250 micrograms/mL at 21 degrees C, tobramycin was stable for 24 hours. Only samples containing moxalactam stored at 21 degrees C showed greater than 16% inactivation of tobramycin at 48 hours. Under these study conditions, tobramycin is only moderately inactivated in vitro when combined with clinically achievable concentrations of the tested cephalosporins (excluding moxalactam) and then stored for up to 48 hours.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3907339 TI - Noncomparative trial of ticarcillin plus clavulanic acid in skin and soft tissue infections. PMID- 3907340 TI - Ticarcillin plus clavulanic acid versus cefoxitin in the prophylaxis of infection after cesarean section. PMID- 3907341 TI - Contribution of beta-lactamases to bacterial resistance and mechanisms to inhibit beta-lactamases. AB - Resistance of bacteria to beta-lactam antibiotics has become a serious problem in the past several decades. Virtually all Staphylococcus aureus, and many Hemophilus influenzae, Branhamella catarrhalis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Enterobacteriaceae, and Bacteroides species possess beta-lactamases that hydrolyze penicillins and cephalosporins. The most common plasmid-mediated beta lactamase is the TEM enzyme (Richmond-Sykes type IIIa), which is present in Hemophilus, Neisseria, and Enterobacteriaceae. One technique to overcome bacterial resistance has been the development of beta-lactamase inhibitors. Clavulanic acid is a beta-lactamase inhibitor that inhibits the beta-lactamases of S. aureus, Hemophilus, Neisseria, Branhamella, Eschericia coli, Klebsiella, and Bacteroides. Clavulanate acts as a "suicide" inhibitor, forming a stable enzyme complex that binds to serine at the active site of the enzyme. Clavulanate readily crosses the outer cell wall of most Enterobacteriaceae to interact with beta-lactamases in the periplasmic space. Clavulanate does not inhibit beta lactamases such as the Richmond-Sykes type I enzymes found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter, and Citrobacter species, which are inducible enzymes that function primarily as cephalosporinases. PMID- 3907342 TI - Overview of the problem of infections in the immunocompromised host. PMID- 3907344 TI - Comparative trial of ticarcillin plus clavulanic acid and piperacillin in the treatment of acute bacterial infection. PMID- 3907343 TI - A controlled study of ticarcillin plus clavulanic acid versus piperacillin as empiric therapy for fever in the immunocompromised host. AB - Clavulanic acid, a potent beta-lactamase inhibitor, was studied in fixed combination with ticarcillin and used with tobramycin as empiric therapy for fever in the immunocompromised host. Fifty febrile episodes were evaluated in patients with hematologic malignancy and/or neutropenia. Eighty-one percent of evaluable infections treated with the study regimen of ticarcillin, clavulanic acid, and tobramycin responded. Seventy-four percent of evaluable infections treated with the control regimen of piperacillin, tobramycin, and vancomycin responded (p = 0.4). Resistance to piperacillin and ticarcillin were noted in 23.8 percent of 21 isolated organisms. Resistance to ticarcillin and clavulanic acid was noted in only one (4.7 percent) of the isolated organisms (p = 0.092). Untoward reactions, including rash, nephrotoxicity, and superinfection, were unusual and occurred with equal frequency in the study and control groups. Clavulanic acid in combination with ticarcillin was effective and safe in treating fever in the immunocompromised host. PMID- 3907345 TI - Safety and effectiveness of ticarcillin plus clavulanic acid in the treatment of community-acquired acute pyelonephritis in adult women. AB - An open study was conducted to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of ticarcillin plus clavulanic acid in the treatment of 18 adult women with community-acquired Escherichia coli acute pyelonephritis. Eleven of the 18 patients had a history of urinary tract infections, primarily acute pyelonephritis. Six patients had blood culture results positive for E. coli in addition to positive urine culture results. Ticarcillin plus clavulanic acid was administered as the 3.2 g formulation to 11 patients and as the 3.1 g formulation to the other seven. The mean duration of treatment was 9.2 days. Five of the 18 (28 percent) patients had clinical and bacteriologic cures; there were 11 (69 percent) relapses or reinfections and two (11 percent) clinical failures. Adverse reactions (all reversible) were reported in 11 (61 percent) patients, the most frequent of which was phlebitis. These results should prompt further investigation into the treatment of acute pyelonephritis with ticarcillin plus clavulanic acid versus other antibiotics. PMID- 3907346 TI - Use of the saline infusion test to diagnose the cause of primary aldosteronism. AB - Angiotensin II has a major effect on mineralocorticoid hormone synthesis in patients with idiopathic hyperaldosteronism; it has little or no effect in those with an aldosterone-producing adenoma. To determine if this difference could be of use in clinically separating these two forms of primary aldosteronism, saline infusion tests were performed in 20 patients--14 with surgically proved aldosterone-producing adenoma and six with idiopathic hyperaldosteronism. With the patients receiving a balanced diet containing 120 meq of sodium, 1,250 ml of isotonic saline was infused intravenously between 8 A.M. and 10 A.M. after overnight recumbency. Plasma samples were obtained immediately before and after the infusion. Plasma cortisol level decreased appropriately in both groups, but plasma renin concentration decreased only in those patients with idiopathic hyperaldosteronism (p less than 0.05). Aldosterone and 18-hydroxycorticosterone levels decreased in both groups. To account for the circadian variation in adrenocorticotropin levels during the course of saline infusion, 18 hydroxycorticosterone/cortisol and aldosterone/cortisol ratios were examined. Both ratios increased in every patient with aldosterone-producing adenoma (p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.001, respectively), but these ratios remained unchanged or decreased in the patients with idiopathic hyperaldosteronism. This divergent variation in ratios after saline infusion allows for the differentiation of patients with an aldosterone-producing adenoma from those with idiopathic hyperaldosteronism. In patients with primary aldosteronism, an 18 hydroxycorticosterone/cortisol ratio of less than 3.0 or an aldosterone/cortisol ratio of less than 2.2 after saline infusion is diagnostic of idiopathic hyperaldosteronism. PMID- 3907347 TI - Gasoline sniffing. AB - Intentional use of gasoline as an intoxicant has been frequently reported in diverse clinical literature. Recent investigations have described a high prevalence of this behavior in certain ethnic groups such as American and Canadian Indians living in isolated areas. Encephalopathy due to tetraethyl lead has become a well-accepted complication of gasoline sniffing within the last decade, but other adverse effects are less well known. This report discusses gasoline sniffing as a specific substance abuse behavior, and reviews some of the known or potential medical complications. Treatment is primarily limited to chelation therapy for organic lead intoxication, although other interventions may be effective on an individual basis. PMID- 3907348 TI - Captopril-induced hyponatremia with irreversible neurologic damage. AB - A 61-year-old Chinese-American man with a history of congestive heart failure and hypertension was admitted to the San Francisco Veterans Administration Hospital with confusion, cortical blindness, and generalized flaccidity. Serum sodium level on admission was 114 meq/liter. Administration of captopril had been begun for afterload reduction two weeks before admission with a concomitant fall in serum sodium level from 137 meq/liter to 126 meq/liter in one week. A history of marked thirst with consumption of large volumes of water was reported for over one week prior to hospitalization. Despite correction of the hyponatremia within 24 hours at a rate of 0.9 meq/liter per hour, the patient remained semi-comatose and died four days later with a gastrointestinal bleed. It is suggested that the thirst phenomenon and hyponatremia were caused by the introduction of captopril. This lead to irreversible neurologic damage and death, despite the correction of the serum sodium level. PMID- 3907349 TI - Disseminated candidiasis: a comparison of two immunologic techniques in the diagnosis. AB - Eighty-five subjects were tested for the presence of circulating candidal antigen (CAg) and anti-candidal antibody (CAb) using both an enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) and counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE). The 72 studied controls included laboratory volunteers; hospitalized patients without evidence of infection; febrile hospitalized patients without evidence of candidiasis; and patients with superficial candidiasis and candiduria. The control subjects were compared with 13 patients with proven disseminated candidal infection (disease prevalence = 15%). The ELISA CAb test was of greater individual sensitivity (92%) in separating patients with systemic candidiasis from all controls combined than the ELISA CAg, CIE CAg, or CIE CAb test (61%, 15%, 69%, respectively). The CIE CAg test, though specific (100%), was insensitive. Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values were generally enhanced by employing combinations of tests. Sera from patients with disseminated candidiasis were much more likely to yield a positive result by two or more serologic tests than were control sera (p = less than 0.0004). The sensitivity of combinations ranged from 15% to 92%. The specificity of combinations ranged from 21% to 100%. The predictive value positive of combinations test ranged from 40% to 100%. Predictive value negative of combinations ranged from 69% to 98%. Patients with a variety of superficial and deep candidal infections apparently have detectable circulating CAb and/or CAg. The ELISA CAb test was superior to the other tests in identifying patients with disseminated candidiasis. Combinations of serologic tests may be superior to individual tests in the diagnosis or exclusion of serious disease due to Candida albicans. PMID- 3907350 TI - Monoclonal antibodies and the skin biopsy: current and potential clinical applications. AB - Monoclonal antibodies are becoming increasingly useful in the clinical diagnosis and/or treatment of a number of unrelated diseases. Discussion will be directed to those monoclonal antibodies recognizing antigens within the skin which appear to have either proven or potential application in the diagnostic evaluation of the skin biopsy. PMID- 3907351 TI - Defective pancreatic alpha and beta cell secretion in thyrotoxicosis. AB - Pancreatic alpha and beta cell hormone secretion was studied in 11 patients with thyrotoxicosis before and in 7 patients after thyroid function was normalized with either prophylthiouracil or methimazole and propranolol (R). All had IV arginine and IV glucose infusions. Forty control subjects had IV arginine; 21 had IV glucose tests. After arginine, untreated patient had blunted serum insulin at both 15 and 30 minutes (p less than 0.05, p less than 0.001) compared to control subjects, blunted glucagon at 30 minutes (p less than 0.05) and blunted glucose at both 15 and 30 minutes (p less than 0.001, p less than 0.01) compared to control subjects. After glucose, untreated patients had lower nadir glucagon than in the studies with both arginine and glucose infusions. These data document blunted glucagon, suppressed glucose and insulin peaks after arginine in thyrotoxicosis, indicate that both alpha and beta cell hormone secretion may be abnormal, and that the preferential abnormality follows protein rather than carbohydrate loading. PMID- 3907352 TI - Hemopoietic alterations of cancer. PMID- 3907353 TI - Epidemiology of neural tube defects in South America. AB - We present data from the Latin American Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations (ECLAMC) on prevalence rates and etiologic factor associations in neural tube defects. Two series of data are analyzed: the A series, including 740,139 consecutive infants born in the 1967-1979 period suitable for secular trend analysis and case-control study of risk factors; and the B series, including 255,834 consecutive stillborn and liveborn infants of the 1980-1982 period suitable for prevalence rate analysis. Anencephaly was registered in 6.0/10,000 births, A spina bifida aperta in 6.2/10,000 births, and cephalocele in 2.4/10,000 births. A stable secular trend was observed for the frequency of all three neural tube defect types. Spina bifida was more frequent in Chile than in the rest of South America. No differences in prevalence rates were seen between tropical and non tropical areas. Parental consanguinity and environmental prenatal factors including maternal illnesses, drug intake, and radiation exposure were found in association with anencephaly and spina bifida. PMID- 3907355 TI - An anatomic basis for ultrasound images of the human placenta. AB - Placentas after uneventful pregnancies were perfused under physiologic pressure in the fetal vessels, expanded to their predelivery volume, fixated with 4% formaldehyde, and compared to their ultrasound images in pregnancy. The placentas showed a side arrangement of the fetal cotyledons in contact with the basal plate. The centers of the cotyledons showed an empty space in which the spiral arteries ended. These spaces in the placenta corresponded with transsonic areas of ultrasound. The central spaces were surrounded by a relatively dense shell of villi containing the more or less fibrotic stem villi. This explained the areas of increased echo-density, as seen by ultrasound during the last trimester of pregnancy. The fetal cotyledons, composed of a central cavity and a dense villous shell, were separated by a reticular area. The veins ended at the basal plate in these intercotyledonary areas. PMID- 3907354 TI - A comparative clinical trial of the tubal ring versus the Rocket clip for female sterilization. AB - Studies of application of the Rocket clip compared with the tubal ring were conducted at three sites. Procedures were randomly assigned to the patients; 332 women were sterilized with the tubal ring and 331 were sterilized with the Rocket clip. The occlusion devices were applied via a minilaparotomy incision. Surgical difficulties and injuries and technical failures occurred with comparable frequency in the two groups. There were two method failures in each tubal occlusion group; the 24-month life-table pregnancy rate was 1.0 per 100 women in the tubal ring group and 0.9 per 100 in the Rocket clip group. The Rocket spring loaded clip appears to be as safe, effective, and easy to apply as the tubal ring for tubal occlusion. PMID- 3907357 TI - Fetal position during pregnancy. AB - In this study of a normal, undelivered population the incidence of each fetal position was reported. Fetal position at 20 weeks' gestation did not correlate with delivery position. Fetal position at 36 weeks was very predictive of fetal position at delivery. Malposition was not associated with premature delivery per se. PMID- 3907356 TI - Management of diabetes mellitus in pregnancy. AB - During the past decade, our major objective in the management of pregnancies complicated by diabetes mellitus has become normalization of maternal and, therefore, fetal glucose levels. For most women with insulin-dependent diabetes, this goal may be achieved through the use of multiple insulin injections combined with an appropriate dietary intake. The results of such therapy can now be accurately assessed by means of home glucose monitoring. Patients with gestational diabetes can be properly treated only if they are first identified. Therefore, all pregnant women should be tested for this disorder because screening based on past obstetric history or clinical criteria alone may miss up to 50% of patients with gestational diabetes. Between 1980 and 1984, the perinatal mortality rate reported in the American literature for more than 800 insulin-dependent patients was 21 per 1000, with more than 50% of these deaths resulting from major malformations. Such data emphasize the need to achieve maternal euglycemia before conception, as poor maternal control has been associated with teratogenesis. Prepregnancy assessment should also include a thorough evaluation of maternal vasculopathy. PMID- 3907358 TI - Survival with excellence: education and the future of ophthalmology. XLII Edward Jackson memorial lecture. AB - Health care and medicine are in tremendous flux. Survival of the specialty of ophthalmology in a traditional sense is in question. Positive adaptation to our new environment must occur. A central focus of ophthalmology has always been its commitment to excellence in education. Residency education in ophthalmology is at a high level. Far more random and non-individualized education characterizes continuing education in ophthalmology and all of medicine. The fundamental approach is to base our future on personal accountability and excellence in providing consummate care. I have proposed a more systematic, individually oriented approach to continuing education in ophthalmology. A combined effort by the American Academy of Ophthalmology with other ophthalmic organizations and the individual ophthalmologist would provide individual assessment and educational programs based on practice setting and clinical emphasis. PMID- 3907359 TI - Periodontal complication during orthodontic therapy. A case report. AB - Occasionally periodontal complications arise during adult orthodontic therapy, although conditions may also occur in adolescent patients. This case report describes the periodontal condition that developed during orthodontic treatment of an adolescent girl. Eleven months after the start of treatment, an unusual hyperplastic soft-tissue lesion developed that did not respond to conservative treatment. The case history, orthodontic treatment, periodontal treatment, histopathology, and follow-up are described. Suggestions for prevention and early diagnosis of similar problems are reviewed since particular periodontal infections may progress subclinically. PMID- 3907360 TI - Orthodontics today and the young men who made it all possible. PMID- 3907361 TI - Frequent immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor gene rearrangements in "histiocytic" neoplasms. AB - The authors have analyzed the DNA of immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor genes in a series of 6 malignancies which were judged to be of histiocytic derivation on the basis of morphologic criteria. They found that 4 of these cases showed rearrangements of the beta T-cell receptor genes in spite of the lack of any specific immunohistochemical markers for B or T cells. One case showed rearrangements of both heavy and light chain immunoglobulin genes and probably represents either a sinusoidal large cell lymphoma or a B-cell lymphoma with activation of histiocytes simulating malignant histiocytosis. A single case lacked both immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor rearrangements consistent with immunologic analyses that suggested its origin from an interdigitating reticulum cell. The result of this study in conjunction with the authors' previous immunologic observations suggests that many presumed histiocytic malignancies actually represent T-cell lymphomas. Alternatively, beta T-cell receptor rearrangement may be a common feature of tumors that show monocyte/histiocytic differentiation. PMID- 3907362 TI - Leu-M1 antigen expression in T-cell neoplasia. AB - The Leu-M1 antigen has been recently proposed as a valuable immunodiagnostic marker of the Reed-Sternberg cells of Hodgkin's disease and to be particularly helpful is distinguishing Hodgkin's disease from other lymphoproliferative disorders such as peripheral T-cell lymphomas. In this study, the authors examined paraffin-embedded tissue sections obtained from 38 patients with previously well-characterized T-cell neoplasms for the presence of the Leu-M1 antigen. The cases comprised a spectrum of T-cell malignancies and were divided into four broad clinicopathologic groups: lymphoblastic lymphoma/ leukemias (6), mature T-cell leukemias (3), peripheral T-cell lymphomas (11), and cutaneous T cell lymphomas (18), which included both mycosis fungoides and nonmycosis fungoides types. The neoplastic T cells in 19 patients (50%) expressed the Leu-M1 antigen. The proportion of Leu-M1-positive cells and the immunostaining pattern varied greatly among these cases but correlated with mature, postthymic stages of T-cell differentiation and activation. Of particular significance was the observation that the more pleomorphic neoplastic T cells, including Reed Sternberg-like cells, exhibited an intense cytoplasmic and membranous staining pattern which was often indistinguishable from the immunostaining pattern observed in Hodgkin's disease. The authors conclude that Leu-M1 is not a specific immunodiagnostic marker of Hodgkin's disease and has limited value in distinguishing Hodgkin's disease from T-cell neoplasms which stimulate Hodgkin's disease morphologically. PMID- 3907363 TI - Severe microvascular injury induced by lysosomal releasates of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Increase in vasopermeability, hemorrhage, and microthrombosis due to degradation of subendothelial and perivascular matrices. AB - The purpose of this study was to assess the nature of the lesions in the microcirculation of the dermis of rabbits induced with lysosomal releasates of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). No attempt was made in the studies presented in this publication to deal with the offending agent in the releasate. Four parameters of microvascular injury were quantitated: increase in vascular permeability with 125I-labeled serum albumin, hemorrhage with 59Fe-labeled erythrocytes, accumulation (aggregation) of platelets with 111In-labeled platelets. In one experiment accumulation of 51Cr-PMNs was investigated. The lysosomal releasate induced a rapid increase in vasopermeability, but both hemorrhage and exudate formation peaked 1 hour after intradermal injection. Platelet accumulation was also demonstrable in these lesions, and microthrombosis was a very prominent feature. The microvascular injury, including microthrombosis, could be elicited also in animals rendered leukopenic with nitrogen mustard. Simultaneous injection of prostaglandin E2 with the releasate enhanced the microvascular injury. The morphologic changes in the microcirculation of the rabbit's dermis were assessed in lesions 5 minutes to 5 hours old. Several changes were encountered, primarily in the wall of venules and small veins and to a lesser degree in small arteries and capillaries. Ultrastructurally very early lesions (up to 15 minutes) had gaps or spaces in the endothelium, resembling those induced by mediators such as histamine or bradykinin. Older lesions were different, quite characteristic, and represent the hallmark of these lesions. Lysis and disappearance of vascular basement membrane, of perivascular collagen, and of the internal elastic lamina were a frequent finding, best demonstrable when microthrombi did not abut on vessel walls. Cellular components of vessels (endothelium, pericytes, smooth muscle) showed fragmentation, leading to complete disappearance of cellular elements. These lesions were usually walled off by platelet aggregates and fibrin. At times microthrombi occluded an entire vessel. These changes were interpreted as hemostasis. The mild accumulation of PMNs at the site of injury did not contribute significantly to the microvascular injury. The findings indicate that the unique changes in the microcirculation, not described before, may occur quite frequently, when the microvascular injury is elicited primarily by release of lysosomal constituents by phagocytic or nonphagocytic stimuli. One can conclude that the hallmark of this type of injury is disappearance of basement membrane followed secondarily by disintegration of the vascular wall, followed in turn by hemo PMID- 3907364 TI - Immunohistochemical evidence for the expression of the carcinoembryonic antigen by human thymic epithelial cells in vitro and in neoplastic conditions. AB - Thymic epithelial cells (TECs), which are known to influence T-cell differentiation, may undergo phenotypic changes and lose some differentiation antigens (for example, the HLA-DR complex) in neoplastic conditions and when they are grown in culture. Using an indirect immunofluorescence assay, the authors investigated the expression of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) by normal cultured or pathologic human TECs. This antigen, which can be regarded as a marker of undifferentiation, disappears during the normal development of epithelial tissues and reappears in neoplastic conditions. In normal as well as hyperplastic (myasthenia gravis-associated) thymuses, the epithelial network (revealed in double-labeling experiments by an anti-keratin monoclonal antibody) is virtually CEA-negative, except for the specific labeling observed on some cells of Hassall's corpuscles. In thymomatous epithelial cells, however, a strong and specific fluorescent labeling was consistently detected in all thymomas studied. Thymic epithelial cells grown in cultures from fragments of normal thymuses also expressed CEA on their cell membranes. Interestingly, the relative number of CEA-positive cells increased as a function of the age of the primary culture and reached virtually 100% when monolayers became confluent (Days 12-14). Moreover, using an ELISA assay, the authors demonstrated the presence of CEA in supernatants from TEC cultures. Interestingly, the amount of CEA in these supernatants decreased as a function of the age of the culture. In addition, a marked inhibition of TEC proliferation was observed after treating the cultures with an anti-CEA serum. Our results demonstrate that CEA is expressed not only in situ by differentiated neoplastic TECs but also by normal TECs cultured in vitro. In addition, the inhibitory action of the anti-CEA serum on TEC proliferation suggests that CEA may act physiologically as a growth factor for proliferating epithelial cells. In this respect, cultures of human TECs represent a good model for further studies. PMID- 3907365 TI - Morphologic demonstration of cytoplasmic ASSAM-related antigenic substance (CASSAM) by an immunoperoxidase technique. AB - Murine senile amyloid protein identified in the senescence-accelerated mouse (SAM) was called ASSAM, and the ASSAM-related antigenic substance was detected in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes, columnar epithelia of the small intestine, and epithelia of the proximal convoluted tubules of the kidney, with the use of an immunoperoxidase method. This substance, called CASSAM (cytoplasmic ASSAM-related antigenic substance), did not stain positively with Congo red nor fibril structure, as determined under an electron microscope. As the ASSAM (senile amyloid) deposition increased with advancing age, CASSAM observed in hepatocytes and columnar epithelia decreased both in SAM-P and SAM-R strains. In the liver of the SAM-P strain in particular, the incidence and intensity in deposition of ASSAM increased rapidly from 5 months of age; on the other hand, CASSAM observed in the hepatocytes decreased rapidly at about the same time. Cycloheximide treated animals showed a significantly low concentration of SASSAM (serum ASSAM related antigenic substance) and also a low incidence and intensity of CASSAM observed in the cytoplasm of the hepatocytes and epithelia of the small intestine. In colchicine-treated animals, SASSAM concentration was slightly lower, and the severity of CASSAM observed in the cytoplasm was slightly higher, in the liver and kidney, as compared with control values. CASSAM is assumed to be synthesized in the cytoplasm of the cell and to be secreted alone or in the lipoprotein form into the serum. This CASSAM or lipoprotein including CASSAM is perhaps a constituent of SASSAM (CASSAM is assumed to include apoSASSAM) and the hepatocytes and intestinal mucosal epithelia are possible production sites of apoSASSAM. PMID- 3907366 TI - Anergy-like immunosuppression in mice bearing pulmonary foreign-body granulomatous inflammation. AB - Pulmonary granulomas were induced in BALB/c mice by the intratracheal injection of insoluble polymerized dextran and latex microparticles. Very large granulomas developed around dextran beads, which reached peak intensity within 2-3 days and rapidly declined in size thereafter. Latex beads generated small stable lesions. The involvement of cell-mediated immunity could not be demonstrated in the inflammatory responses induced by either type of bead. Antigen-induced delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) and mitogen-induced DTH-like footpad reactions were markedly suppressed in immunized mice bearing early dextran granulomas. Mitogen induced DTH-like footpad reactions were suppressed in unimmunized animals bearing early dextran foreign-body granulomas. Antigen- and mitogen-induced footpad swelling recovered to normal levels as dextran granulomas diminished in size. No suppression of these footpad reactions was observed in mice bearing small latex foreign-body granulomas. The intraperitoneal injection of aqueous extracts prepared from the lungs of unimmunized donor animals bearing early dextran foreign-body granulomas could partially transfer suppression of mitogen DTH-like footpad responses to normal mice. These results suggest that cells within large, nonimmunologic lung granulomas produce a soluble factor which participates in the expression of anergy-like immunosuppression. PMID- 3907367 TI - Virus persists in beta cells of islets of Langerhans and infection is associated with chemical manifestations of diabetes. II. Morphologic observations. AB - Persistence of lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) virus in the islets of Langerhans was associated with mild hyperglycemia and abnormal glucose tolerance test results. Early histopathologic events consisted of occasional perivascular inflammatory mononuclear cells around both islet and acinar cells. Morphometric studies showed an increase in the size of islets from virus-infected mice. By electron microscopy, LCM virions were found within infected beta cells. Cytolytic injury of beta cells was minimal and did not account for the abnormalities of glucose metabolism. In contrast to the findings in islets, ultrastructural studies of acinar cells revealed LCM virions in abundance, vacuolar degeneration, and intracytoplasmic inclusions. This study extends the previous observation that LCM virus infection may persist in beta cells of the islets of Langerhans without causing structural injury but be associated with abnormalities resembling the chemical and histopathologic features of the early stage of Type II (adult-onset) human diabetes mellitus. PMID- 3907368 TI - Oncodevelopmental expression of rat placental alkaline phosphatase. Detection in oval cells during liver carcinogenesis. AB - Oval cells isolated from livers of rats fed a choline-deficient diet containing 0.1% DL-ethionine (CDE) have an alkaline phosphatase (ALKP) isozyme which can be distinguished by its electrophoretic mobility from the enzyme present in parenchymal cells isolated from normal liver or livers of rats fed the CDE diet for 4 weeks. The oval cell ALKP has the same electrophoretic mobility as the enzyme from fetal rat liver and placenta. ALKPs from oval cells, parenchymal cells, and placenta all differ from the intestinal enzyme by their electrophoretic mobility, isoelectric focusing, and the patterns of amino acid inhibition of enzyme activity. Oval cells in preneoplastic livers, fetal hepatocytes, and tumor cells of a primary hepatocellular carcinoma induced by CDE feeding stained with a monoclonal antibody directed against rat placental ALKP. Hepatocytes (in normal or preneoplastic livers) and bile duct cells in normal liver did not stain with the same antibody. Placental ALKP may thus be a useful marker in tracing the origin and fate of oval cells during hepatocarcinogenesis. PMID- 3907370 TI - Annotated index. Volumes 1-50, 1930-1980. PMID- 3907372 TI - Columellar tympanoplasty. AB - This article discusses the problem that ossicular reconstruction presents when the malleus handle has been destroyed and a columella must be used. The technical problems and failures of the past twenty-five years are exposed in an effort to glean the lessons of this experience. A comparison of three types of columella currently used--bone, ceramic, and polyethylene--is presented. Since there have been disadvantages and excessive failure rates with each type of columella, other techniques have been attempted and are described. Many of the questions posed by the efforts to develop adequate solutions to the problems of columellar tympanoplasty are restated here in the hope that cooperative research and development between surgeon and manufacturer will continue and prosper. PMID- 3907371 TI - The epidemiology and differential diagnosis of near-death experience. AB - This paper considers the generally consistent description of the common elements involved in near-death experiences (NDEs). It is suggested that the framework for studying a new psychiatric syndrome provides a context within which NDEs can be articulated both for research and for the practice of mental health professionals. PMID- 3907373 TI - Role of renal nerves in maintaining sodium balance in unrestrained conscious rats. AB - This study was designed to investigate the effects of bilateral renal denervation on sodium and water balance, the renin-angiotensin system, and systemic blood pressure in unrestrained conscious rats maintained on a normal- or low-sodium diet. Renal denervation was proven by chemical and functional tests. Both bilaterally denervated rats (n = 18) and sham-denervated rats (n = 15) maintained positive sodium balance while on a normal sodium intake. Both groups were in negative sodium balance for 1 day after dietary sodium restriction was instituted but were in positive sodium balance for the following 9 days. Systolic blood pressure was higher in sham-denervated (115 +/- 3 mmHg) than in denervated rats (102 +/- 3 mmHg) while on a normal diet (P less than 0.05) and remained so during sodium restriction. Plasma renin concentration (PRC) and plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) were significantly diminished in the denervated rats during normal sodium intake (P less than 0.05). After dietary sodium restriction, PRC increased in both groups but remained significantly lower in the denervated rats (P less than 0.05). Following dietary sodium restriction, PAC also increased significantly to levels that were similar in both groups of rats. These results demonstrate that awake unrestrained growing rats can maintain positive sodium balance on a low sodium intake even in the absence of the renal nerves. However, efferent renal nerve activity influenced plasma renin activity in these animals. PMID- 3907374 TI - Renal sodium handling in normal humans subjected to low, normal, and extremely high sodium supplies. AB - We studied renal sodium handling, extracellular fluid volume (ECFV), plasma renin activity, aldosterone and norepinephrine, and blood pressure in eight healthy volunteers after equilibration on intakes of 20, 200, and 1,128 +/- 141 meq sodium, respectively. Renal sodium handling was assessed by means of clearance studies during maximal water diuresis and lithium clearance. Urinary sodium excretions were 22 +/- 4, 202 +/- 19, and 1,052 +/- 86 meq/day. From the lower to the upper sodium intake level, 24-h creatinine clearance rose from 111 +/- 7 to 136 +/- 11 ml/min and inulin clearance from 103 +/- 9 to 129 +/- 9 ml/min, whereas proximal and distal fractional sodium reabsorption (FSRprox and FSRdist, respectively) fell from 86.8 +/- 1.3 to 79.0 +/- 2.7% and from 96.5 +/- 0.5 to 76.0 +/- 1.9%, respectively. During the normal sodium intake (200 meq), intermediate values were recorded. The changes in fractional lithium clearance were less consistent but correlated with FSRprox (r = 0.78, P less than 0.001) and not with FSRdist. Major changes in plasma renin activity, aldosterone, and, to a lesser extent, norepinephrine accompanied these changes in kidney function, displaying inverse and exponential correlations with daily sodium excretion and ECFV. No consistent rise in blood pressure was detected. These observations indicate that in healthy humans renal adaptation to vast variations in sodium intake includes resetting of glomerular filtration rate, FSRprox, and, in particular, FSRdist. Alterations in neurohumoral factors may play a dominant role in this adaptation. PMID- 3907369 TI - Sex hormones, immune responses, and autoimmune diseases. Mechanisms of sex hormone action. AB - Immune reactivity is greater in females than in males. In both experimental animals and in man there is a greater preponderance of autoimmune diseases in females, compared with males. Studies in many experimental models have established that the underlying basis for this sex-related susceptibility is the marked effects of sex hormones. Sex hormones influence the onset and severity of immune-mediated pathologic conditions by modulating lymphocytes at all stages of life, prenatal, prepubertal, and postpubertal. However, despite extensive studies, the mechanisms of sex hormone action are not precisely understood. Earlier evidence suggested that the sex hormones acted via the thymus gland. In recent years it has become apparent that sex hormones can also influence the immune system by acting on several nonclassic target sites such as the immune system itself (nonthymic lymphoid organs), the central nervous system, the macrophage-macrocyte system, and the skeletal system. Immunoregulatory T cells appear to be most sensitive to sex hormone action among lymphoid cells. Several mechanisms of action of sex hormones are discussed in this review. The possibility of using sex hormone modulation of immune responses for the treatment of autoimmune disorders is a promising area for future investigation. PMID- 3907376 TI - A high-dose, double-blind study of ceruletide in the treatment of schizophrenia. AB - Ceruletide, a cholecystokinin analogue, has been reported to interact with dopamine in the CNS and to benefit schizophrenic individuals. The authors, using a double-blind design, a higher total dose, and a larger sample size than previous studies, found no evidence of benefit. PMID- 3907375 TI - Angiotensin II, vasopressin, and sympathetic activity in conscious rats with endotoxemia. AB - The role of the sympathetic nervous system, angiotensin II (ANG II), and arginine vasopressin (AVP) in maintaining blood pressure (BP) during endotoxic shock was investigated in 117 conscious male Wistar rats. After intravenous injection of 2 mg Escherichia coli endotoxin, mean BP fell within 5 min by approximately 50 mmHg and rose again to approach base-line levels within 90 min. At that time, plasma renin activity, plasma norepinephrine (NE), and vasopressin levels of the endotoxin-treated animals were, respectively, 12-, 10-, and 54-fold (P less than 0.001) higher than those of the controls. The BP effect of either prazosin (0.125 mg iv), captopril (2.5 mg iv), or d(CH2)5Tyr(Me)AVP (5 micrograms iv), a specific antagonist of the vascular effect of AVP, was evaluated over a 30-min observation period starting 90 min after administration of endotoxin or its vehicle. Captopril reduced mean BP from 116 +/- 1.8 to a low of 109 +/- 2.1 (SE) mmHg (P less than 0.05, n = 8) only in rats pretreated with endotoxin, whereas the vasopressin antagonist had no depressor effect even during endotoxemia. The BP drop induced by prazosin in rats exposed to endotoxin (-21 +/- 3.3 mmHg, n = 6) did not significantly differ from that observed in control rats (-14 +/- 3.4 mmHg, n = 6). A dose-response curve to NE, ANG II, and lysine vasopressin was also performed. In endotoxin-treated rats the mean BP response to all agonists was markedly suppressed (P less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3907377 TI - Cardiac paragangliomas. A clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of four cases. AB - Cardiac paragangliomas are extremely rare neoplasms. Four surgically resected tumors were examined by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. The patients ranged in age from 18 to 36 years. All patients had hypertension and elevated urine catecholamine levels. Three tumors were located on the posterior left atrium, and one tumor was located in the interventricular groove at the aortic root. The tumors ranged in size from 5 to 7 cm, and they displayed a prominent Zellballen pattern without significant necrosis or mitosis. The tumors were mostly unencapsulated and infiltrated adjacent cardiac tissue in two cases. Immunoperoxidase staining showed that all tumors were positive for chromogranin and neuron-specific enolase. Three tumors were positive for methionine enkephalin. Positive staining for S-100 protein was seen in the sustentacular cells of all tumors but was negative in chromaffin cells. All tumors were negative for insulin, glucagon, gastrin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, somatostatin, adrenocorticotropic hormone, calcitonin, serotonin, pancreatic polypeptide, and rat atrial peptide. Ultrastructural studies of all four tumors showed moderate numbers of predominantly norepinephrine-type granules and a few epinephrine-type granules. These results show that cardiac paragangliomas are commonly found in close proximity to the left atrium and have immunohistochemical and ultrastructural features similar to other paragangliomas. PMID- 3907378 TI - The interlocking of American surgery. An analysis of surgical leadership in the United States, 1945 through 1985. AB - To analyze surgical leadership in the United States from 1945 to 1985, 15 positions of influence have been identified. Appointments to these positions have been reviewed by age at appointment, medical school of graduation, site of residency training, solo appointments, and geographic distribution. A weighting scheme was designed to quantify institutional and personal performance. The 460 surgeons involved in this study graduated from 72 medical schools and 68 residency programs. The top ranking medical schools were Harvard, Johns Hopkins, University of Pennsylvania, Washington University in St. Louis, and Northwestern, which together accumulated 48 percent and 47 percent of all points and appointments, respectively. The top ranking residency training programs were Harvard, Johns Hopkins, the Mayo Clinic, Washington University in St. Louis, and the University of Pennsylvania, with Cornell, University of Michigan, Columbia, University of Minnesota, and the University of California in San Francisco occupying the second tier. Personal performances revealed that 40 percent of the top 20 surgeons were located in Southern-based institutions. Since 1965, geographic and institutional diversity has begun to appear in the surgical leadership. PMID- 3907379 TI - Management of congenital nevocellular nevi. AB - The risk of malignant change in a congenital nevocellular nevus is approximately 10 percent and is the chief indication for early excision. In 90 percent of patients, removal is simple; the remainder present with major cosmetic deformities and are difficult to manage successfully. Seventeen children (newborn to 17 years of age) were treated, including 11 children with localized lesions and 6 children who presented with abnormalities that covered 5 to 50 percent of the total body surface area. In those cases not amenable to primary removal, serial excision was performed at an average of 6 month intervals. Staging was determined by the softening and mobility of the surrounding tissue at follow-up evaluation. No effort was made to provide a cosmetic closure until the final stage. Utilizing this technique, complete removal of congenital nevocellular nevi is possible without the need for disfiguring skin grafts, even for the giant variety. Early excision obviates the risk of malignancy and provides satisfactory cosmetic results. PMID- 3907380 TI - Pancreatic pseudocysts: cause, therapy, and results. AB - Sixty-nine patients with pancreatic pseudocysts were reviewed. Chronic alcohol abuse was associated with pancreatitis in 78 percent of the patients. Presenting signs and symptoms were nonspecific. Ultrasonographic and computerized axial tomographic scans were most commonly used to established the diagnosis. Twenty patients were managed conservatively and resolution occurred in 11 of these patients. Forty-nine patients underwent operation. Internal drainage was performed on 31 occasions in 29 patients, and external drainage was performed in 11. In addition, pancreatic resection was carried out in 8 patients, and needle aspiration in 2 patients. Infected pseudocysts were present in 11 patients. Complications occurred in 18 patients in the operated group and 2 patients died (4 percent). There was recurrence of pseudocysts in 10 patients. Our results suggest that pseudocysts remain a common complication of pancreatitis, and infected pseudocysts are the major cause of postoperative morbidity. Computerized axial tomography and ultrasonography are the mainstays of diagnosis. Surgical therapy is safe, but continues to be associated with significant rates of morbidity and recurrence. When pseudocysts recur, they are generally anatomically distant from the original lesion and probably represent new disruptions of the pancreatic duct. PMID- 3907381 TI - Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in the management of pancreatic pseudocysts. AB - The value of ERCP was studied in 25 patients with pancreatic pseudocysts. There were no episodes of sepsis; however, acute pancreatitis developed in one patient for an overall complication rate of 4 percent. Results of ERCP were positive in 24 of the 25 patients (96 percent), with filling of the pseudocyst in 17 and pancreatic ductal obstruction in 7. Biliary tract abnormalities were found in seven patients and included common bile duct strictures in four, bile duct dilatation in two, and cystic duct obstruction in one. ERCP also detected six pseudocysts not diagnosed by ultrasonography, five of which were small and resolved with nonoperative therapy. ERCP is a safe diagnostic procedure for patients with pancreatic pseudocysts and may provide important information about coexistent biliary tract disease not otherwise available. It is also sufficiently sensitive to detect small pseudocysts that otherwise would be missed. PMID- 3907382 TI - Nonresectional management of major hepatic trauma. An evolving concept. AB - Over a 6 year period, 319 acute liver injuries were identified at laparotomy. Fifty-three patients (17 percent) sustained major hepatic trauma that necessitated complex operative techniques: lobectomy in 21, segmentectomy in 6, selective hepatic artery ligation in 3, and temporary packing in 7. Throughout the study period, there has been a progressive shift to nonresectional therapy. Lobectomy for parenchymal injuries has continued to have a prohibitive mortality rate of 64 percent, whereas alternative procedures, such as hepatotomy, selective hepatic artery ligation, and packing, have had lower mortality rates from hemorrhage without an increase in delayed death from sepsis. Hepatotomy has also proved useful to gain access to retrohepatic vena caval tears. Our present experience supports the national trend of surgical restraint in the operative treatment of complex liver trauma and suggests that hepatic lobectomy is rarely justified. PMID- 3907383 TI - Ultrasonographic and angiographic evaluation of polytetrafluoroethylene aortic bifurcation grafts. AB - Arterial reconstruction in 50 consecutive male patients with aortoiliac aneurysmal or occlusive disease was performed with PTFE bifurcation grafts. Follow-up intervals ranged from 1 to 39 months. All patients were evaluated by physical examination at 19.5 +/- 1.3 months. In addition, 46 patients were evaluated by ultrasonography at 18.2 +/- 1.2 months, 19 by angiography at 19.8 +/ 2.2 months, and 4 by computerized axial tomography at 21.5 +/- 5.2 months. Intraluminal thrombus or pannus was found in one graft in a patient with compromised outflow, but all graft limbs were patent. There were no accumulations of perigraft fluid, graft dilatations, or anastomotic aneurysms. The results of this study provide support for the continued use of PTFE bifurcation grafts for aortic reconstruction. PMID- 3907384 TI - Abdominal aortic aneurysm in elderly patients. Selective management based on clinical status and aneurysmal expansion rate. AB - The records of 125 patients 75 years of age or older with a diagnosis of unruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm were reviewed. Operative mortality was 4.3 percent in 69 patients considered at low risk and 39.8 percent in 13 patients at high risk who underwent aneurysmectomy shortly after diagnosis. Forty-three patients with an asymptomatic abdominal aortic aneurysm initially measuring 3.5 to 6 cm did not undergo aneurysmal resection and were followed for 6 to 72 months (mean 24 months) with serial echography. The mean enlargement rate was 0.48 cm/year. In the 43 patients, resection of the abdominal aortic aneurysm was performed for aneurysmal expansion to greater than 6 cm, development of symptoms, or a sudden change in aneurysmal diameter. Two patients were lost to follow-up, 21 underwent elective resection, aneurysms ruptured in 2, 9 died from other causes, and 9 were alive and asymptomatic at last follow-up. An aggressive surgical approach seems appropriate, even in the asymptomatic elderly patient with a small aneurysm of 4.5 to 6 cm. Serial echographic measurement appears useful in determining which patients with a very small aneurysm of less than 4.5 cm or who are considered to be high risk surgical candidates require elective aneurysmectomy. PMID- 3907385 TI - [Medical bibliographies and microcomputers]. PMID- 3907386 TI - [The personal computer as an aid in diagnosis: forecasting the residual state of hepatic function in withdrawn alcoholics and ambulatory monitoring of their abstinence]. PMID- 3907387 TI - [Effect of the tray on the deformation of the impression. A holography interferometric study]. PMID- 3907388 TI - Gentamicin tympanoclysis: effects on the vestibular secretory cells. AB - Gentamicin application to the middle ear may relieve Meniere's disease, presumably by reducing endolymph secretion by the dark cells. To explore this possibility, the ears of adult cats were treated with daily intratympanic infusions of gentamicin until ataxia occurred. The temporal bones of these cats were then examined using electron microscopy. A 3 per cent solution of gentamicin resulted in ataxia after four treatments. Acute dark cell damage to basal infoldings seen after one month persisted at six months. Treatment with a 0.3 per cent solution required 15 and 21 days to effect ataxia and resulted in a similar damage pattern. Treatment with the 0.3 per cent solution for 13 days (i.e., before ataxia developed) resulted in subtle early lesions in the basal infoldings. Such lesions might affect the rate of endolymph secretion. PMID- 3907389 TI - Medical vs. surgical management of ischemic heart disease. Implications of the coronary artery surgery study. PMID- 3907390 TI - Treatment of sickle cell disease in early childhood in Jamaica. AB - The Jamaican sickle cell cohort study, based on neonatal diagnosis of all cases of sickle cell disease among 100,000 consecutive births, has identified acute splenic sequestration (ASS) and pneumococcal disease as the most important complications in early life. The etiology of ASS is unknown and prophylaxis is therefore not possible. For first attacks, attention has been directed to parental education to achieve earlier diagnosis. Recurrent attacks may be prevented by prophylactic splenectomy. A controlled trial on the prevention of pneumococcal disease has indicated many pneumococcal septicemias in children given the 14 valent pneumococcal vaccine between the ages of 6 months and 3 years. No pneumococcal isolations occurred during the same period in children given monthly long-acting prophylactic penicillin. A controlled trial of folate supplementation for 1 year in children aged 6 months to 4 years indicated no difference between control and treatment groups in hemoglobin levels or weight and height velocity. The MCV was 4 fl less in the supplemented group. A controlled trial of feeder vessel photocoagulation in the therapy of proliferative retinopathy indicated significantly less vitreous hemorrhage in treated patients, but choroidal neovascularisation was a common complication of xenon arc therapy, and retinal tears commonly followed the use of the Argon laser. A new trial of scatter therapy is in progress. PMID- 3907391 TI - Dr. Roland B. Scott. Crusader for sickle cell disease and children. PMID- 3907392 TI - Diagnostic ultrasound in pediatric oncology. AB - Sonography is an extremely versatile diagnostic tool for the assessment of cancer in children, offering several advantages over other imaging modalities, chief of which is its truly noninvasive nature. In view of the available comparative studies and the risk/benefit and cost/benefit ratios of the imaging procedures available, ultrasound is attractive for use as the initial study of many pediatric mass lesions. Its availability, ease of application, and lower cost also favor its use in the assessment of the child with known or suspected malignancy. PMID- 3907393 TI - The subclass nature and clinical significance of the IgG antibody response in patients undergoing allergen-specific immunotherapy. AB - The purpose of this paper is to discuss the methodological difficulties in quantitation of human IgG subclass antibodies to allergens, to describe the subclass nature of the IgG antibody response in patients undergoing allergen specific immunotherapy, and to discuss the possible immunological functions and clinical significance of allergen-specific IgG antibodies of different subclasses. Based on results obtained by use of assays with documented specificity it is concluded that the IgG antibody response during allergen specific immunotherapy is IgG1 and IgG4 restricted, although low levels of IgG2 and IgG3 antibodies to some allergens may occur. In most patients the early IgG antibody response is IgG1 dominated and the late IgG4 dominated. A too early or too pronounced IgG4 dominated antibody response seems to indicate a poor clinical outcome of immunotherapy with inhalant allergens, whereas a pronounced early IgG1 antibody production has been found to be associated with a decrease in synthesis of IgE antibodies to an insect venom. It is therefore proposed that an early IgG1 dominated response is necessary to induce suppression of the ongoing IgE antibody production, which in its turn may be a prerequisite for long-lasting clinical effect. The possibility of induction of an early IgG1 dominated response in every patient by use of alternative immunotherapy procedures is discussed. PMID- 3907394 TI - Terbutaline depot tablets in childhood asthma. A double-blind controlled study. AB - Thirty children 8-13 years old, with perennial asthma and with a reversibility of greater than or equal to 20% in lung function (FEV1) were given a sustained release preparation of terbutaline sulphate 5 mg twice a day and ordinary tablets 2.5 mg three times a day; each treatment lasted 1 week. The design of the study was double-blind, cross-over, with a randomized allocation of the drugs. Both drugs improved the lung function significantly. The children had significantly less coughing during the night when they took depot tablets than when they took ordinary tablets. The side effects were few with both treatments. Most of the patients preferred the depot tablets. PMID- 3907395 TI - Effects of enprofylline and theophylline on exercise-induced asthma. AB - Eight asthmatic out-patients with a history of exercise-induced asthma (EIA) were randomly treated with intravenously administered enprofylline 1.5 mg/kg b.wt., theophylline 5 mg/kg b.wt., and placebo immediately prior to a 6-min exercise provocation in this double-blind crossover comparison. A reduction in peak flow of more than 20% was seen in all patients after placebo pre-treatment. Mean plasma concentrations at the start of the exercise test were 3.3 mg/l and 13.2 mg/l after 20 min infusion of enprofylline and theophylline, respectively. The corresponding figures 25 min later were 2.3 and 11.7, respectively. Maximal fall in peak expiratory flow (PEF) after exercise in percent of pre-exercise PEF was 49% +/- 6% (mean +/- SEM), 39% +/- 6% and 24% +/- 5% after infusion of placebo, enprofylline, and theophylline, respectively. Theophylline produced a statistically significant better protection against EIA compared to enprofylline and placebo. Enprofylline produced a slight protection from EIA not statistically significantly different from placebo. PMID- 3907396 TI - [Anesthesia in aortocoronary bypass surgery: comparison of effects on hemodynamics of recent technics of total intravenous anesthesia]. AB - 20 patients electively scheduled for operation were enrolled in the study and anaesthetized randomly with one of the two techniques etomidate + fentanyl (I) or flunitrazepam + fentanyl (II). Haemodynamics were assessed by continuously measuring blood pressure in the systemic and pulmonary circulations, as well as the heart rate, and intermittently determining the cardiac output. It could be shown that systemic arterial blood pressure, in spite of an initial drop after induction of anaesthesia, remained within an acceptable safety margin throughout the investigation period. Whereas heart rate remained almost constant in both groups, the rate-pressure product which may serve as a measure of myocardial oxygen consumption in the clinical setting, decreased considerably in both groups, although more appreciably under the influence of the anaesthetic technique flunitrazepam + fentanyl. Although the diastolic blood pressure as the most significant individual factor determining coronary blood flow was not changed appreciably in both groups, it remained at a higher level under the influence of the anaesthetic technique etomidate + fentanyl (I). We conclude that both anaesthetic regimes described here may be safely applied for the anaesthesia of patients with reduced coronary perfusion and cardio-haemodynamic reserve potential. PMID- 3907397 TI - [Celiac plexus block. Modeling study using images of computerized tomography]. AB - To determine possible risks of the blind approach to the coeliac plexus, a method for simulating Bridenbaugh's "blind" coeliac plexus block by CT slices and scoutviews was employed. This mathematical simulation of the blind approach to the coeliac plexus was applied to CT images of 50 patients suspected of upper abdominal tumours. This simulation revealed that the following organs would have been punctured inadvertently: Spinal nerves, liver, kidney, aorta, aortic wall, pancreas, lymphomas. The total percentage of misdirected punctures according to this simulation would have been 41%. The importance of the coeliac plexus block in patients with chronic pain is stressed. Literature studies and the results of the present study indicate that CT-guided or ultrasound-guided techniques should be preferred in coeliac plexus block whenever the facilities are available. PMID- 3907398 TI - [Rheumatology in art]. PMID- 3907399 TI - Continuous subcutaneous infusion of morphine for postoperative pain relief. AB - A double-blind randomised study of 48 patients in whom continuous subcutaneous infusion and regular intramuscular injection of morphine were compared as analgesic regimens after upper abdominal surgery, is described. Over a 48-hour period, no difference in pain intensity between the two groups was found by comparing linear analogue scores, assessments on a four-point rank scale, peak expiratory flow rates or requirement for additional analgesia. Nausea and sedation were assessed using a four-point rank scale. These side effects were less frequent with subcutaneous infusion (p less than 0.05). Two patients from each group were judged to have received an overdose. The infusion apparatus was simple and convenient to use. Continuous subcutaneous infusion of morphine is a practical and effective means of achieving post-operative analgesia but, as with other mandatory dosing regimens, relative overdosage may occur. PMID- 3907401 TI - A system for storage of references. A method of storage and retrieval of references on a personal microcomputer. AB - A computer program, written in BBC BASIC, for storage and retrieval of literature references on a personal microcomputer fitted with floppy disc drives is described. The storage capacity is 425 references per 100K disc. A versatile search function allows ready access to references by matching any number of combinations of the following 10 items: authors, name, year and volume of journal, pages, reference number, and up to four key words. The resulting bibliographic list can be formatted to any desired house style. There is a facility for sorting the list into alphabetical order of the authors and the use of a wordprocessor for special print styles on any BBC compatible printer. These two features make retyping the list unnecessary. A search can be done manually, while browsing through the references. Advantages of this system over the existing packages are discussed. The program is totally run by on-screen menus, and it is easy to use, even by a novice. PMID- 3907400 TI - The first anaesthetic in Central Africa. AB - The Reverend Doctor Robert Laws (1851-1934) followed in the footsteps of David Livingstone to Central Africa. At the beginning of a long and distinguished career as a medical missionary in Christian service to the country that has since become the Republic of Malawi, he was a prime mover in the setting up of a mission station at Cape Maclear, on the shores of Lake Malawi (formerly known as Lake Nyasa and closely associated with the discoveries of Doctor Livingstone). There, on 2 March 1876, Laws used chloroform to produce surgical anaesthesia when he operated on a young African male who had a cystic tumour above his left eye. PMID- 3907402 TI - [Use of computer technology in training assistants in the anesthesia department]. AB - The growing importance of computer technology in the fields of medical diagnosis and monitoring cannot be disputed. Few studies, however, have investigated the usefulness of computers in medical education. The following paper presents a teaching program for novice anaesthesists which helps demonstrate the problem of anaesthetizing high risk patients and conveys general guidelines for preoperative diagnosis and intraoperative monitoring. All data registered can be displayed on several video screens simultaneously. A printout of the guidelines is also available. Initial impressions of the program are presented. PMID- 3907403 TI - Janet Lindsay Greig: a pioneer. AB - Janet Lindsay Greig was the first women Anaesthetist in Australia; she was also the first Resident Medical Officer who later became an anaesthetist to be trained by E.H. Embley at the Royal Melbourne Hospital. Janet Greig played a pioneering role among medical women in Australia. She was a founder of the Queen Victoria Hospital, Melbourne. A brief resume is given of the history of the entry of women into the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Melbourne; of the first appointments of women as Resident Medical Officers, and of the foundation of the Queen Victoria Hospital. PMID- 3907404 TI - Fluorometric assays for coproporphyrinogen oxidase and protoporphyrinogen oxidase. AB - We describe fluorometric assays for two enzymes of the heme pathway, coproporphyrinogen oxidase and protoporphyrinogen oxidase. Both assays are based on measurement of protoporphyrin IX fluorescence generated from coproporphyrinogen III by the two consecutive reactions catalyzed by coproporphyrinogen oxidase and protoporphyrinogen oxidase. Both enzymatic activities are measured by recording protoporphyrin IX fluorescence increase in air-saturated buffer in the presence of EDTA (to inhibit ferrochelatase that can further metabolize protoporphyrin IX) and in the presence of dithiothreitol (that prevents nonenzymatic oxidation of porphyrinogens to porphyrins). Coproporphyrinogen oxidase (limiting) activity is measured in the presence of a large excess of protoporphyrinogen oxidase provided by yeast mitochondrial membranes isolated from commercial baker's yeast. These membranes are easy to prepare and are stable for at least 1 year when kept at -80 degrees C. Moreover they ensure maximum fluorescence of the generated protoporphyrin (solubilization effect), avoiding use of a detergent in the incubation medium. The fluorometric protoporphyrinogen oxidase two-step assay is closely related to that already described (J.-M. Camadro, D. Urban-Grimal, and P. Labbe, 1982, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 106, 724-730). Protoporphyrinogen is enzymatically generated from coproporphyrinogen by partially purified yeast coproporphyrinogen oxidase. The protoporphyrinogen oxidase reaction is then initiated by addition of the membrane fraction to be tested. However, when very low amounts of membrane are used, low amounts of Tween 80 (less than 1 mg/ml) have to be added to the incubation mixture to solubilize protoporphyrin IX in order to ensure optimal fluorescence intensity. This detergent has no effect on the rate of the enzymatic reaction when used at concentrations less than 2 mg/ml. Activities ranging from 0.1 to 4-5 nmol protoporphyrin formed per hour per assay are easily and reproducibly measured in less than 30 min. PMID- 3907405 TI - A versatile Ca2+ ion-sensitive minielectrode with a microincubation chamber. AB - A new, versatile Ca2+ ion-sensitive minielectrode with a microincubation chamber was designed for the direct, continuous monitoring of changes in Ca2+ ion activity in microgram tissue samples. The sample can be stirred in the microincubation chamber and kept at a constant temperature through thermostatisation. Samples with a protein content ranging from 10 to 40 micrograms are required for the measurement. This is two to three orders of magnitude less than necessary for measurement of Ca2+ ion activity with conventional, commercially available Ca2+ ion-sensitive electrodes. The device should be useful for a variety of applications in many research areas where sample volumes are small. Some examples are presented in this communication using mitochondria and microsomes from nine different rat tissues. In these experiments it is shown that with mitochondria from all tissues a steady-state ambient free Ca2+ concentration between 0.6 and 0.8 microM is reached, though the Na+ sensitivity of ruthenium red-induced Ca2+ efflux from these mitochondria varies considerably in dependence on the tissue. The additional presence of microsomes resulted in a steady-state Ca2+ concentration between 0.1 and 0.2 microM. PMID- 3907406 TI - Bioluminescent enzyme immunoassay for estriol. Use of reversibly inactivated bacterial luciferase as label. AB - A bioluminescent enzyme immunoassay using estriol labeled with reversibly inactivated bacterial luciferase is described. An estriol derivative bearing an alkylthiolsulfonate is linked to the cysteinyl thiols of luciferase by formation of mixed disulfide linkages; thus, luciferase becomes inactive. After immunoassay, the inactive luciferase of the label bound to the immunoprecipitate is reactivated by incubation with dithiothreitol and the luciferase activity then is quantitated by a 20-s reaction performed with an automated luminometer (LKB 1251). Under the defined conditions, the labels are stable for at least 14 days as tested at 4 degrees C. A standard curve with a wide linear range from 50 to 6000 pg is demonstrated. This unique technology discussed here, therefore, offers exciting possibilities as a sensitive and rapid enzyme immunoassay for estriol. PMID- 3907407 TI - Peptide mapping of bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography. II. A two-dimensional technique for determination of disulfide pairings using a continuous-flow disulfide-detection system. AB - A procedure, developed for the cleavage and reversible blocking of disulfide bonds of proteins by S-sulfonation in preparation for peptide mapping, was applied to ribonuclease A. The complete peptide maps of sulforibonuclease A using limited Staphylococcus aureus protease digestion, tryptic digestion, and tryptic followed by chymotryptic digestion are presented. A description is given of an adaptation of the sulfonation procedure which forms the basis of a sensitive (5 pmol detection limit) and quantitative (+/- 5%) disulfide-detection system for the continuous monitoring of HPLC column effluents for disulfide-containing compounds. The sulfonation procedure, peptide maps, and disulfide-detection system are the key ingredients in a two-dimensional reverse-phase HPLC technique for the determination of disulfide pairings. The applicability of this technique is demonstrated by determining the known disulfide pairings of ribonuclease A. It is also shown that there is no disulfide interchange under the digestion conditions used. This technique is suitable for determining the distributions of disulfide pairings in the intermediates present in the oxidative folding of disulfide-containing proteins. PMID- 3907408 TI - Use of alcohol oxidase to measure the methanol produced during the hydrolysis of D- and L-methyl-3-hydroxybutyric acid. AB - An enzymatic assay for the measurement of methanol has been developed. The assay uses alcohol oxidase and peroxidase coupled to the oxidation of 2,2'-azino-di-(3 ethyl)-benzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid as the chromogen. The assay is linear up to 50 nmol of methanol in a 200-microliters sample and sensitive; 1.25 nmol of methanol in a 200-microliters sample can be measured. The assay is rapid and measurements can be made at any convenient time between 15 min and 4 h after initiation of the reaction. The assay shows highest activity with methanol but significant activity with other primary alcohols up to 1-butanol. Little activity is shown with secondary alcohols and diols. We have used this assay to follow the hydrolysis of the two isomers of the methyl ester of 3-hydroxybutyric acid. PMID- 3907409 TI - Affinity gel titration: quantitative analysis of the binding equilibrium between immobilized protein and free ligand by a continuous titration procedure. AB - A new method, called affinity gel titration, for analyzing the specific interaction between an immobilized protein and a ligand molecule is presented. Only one or two experimental runs permit the determination of not only the equilibrium constant but also the amount of immobilized protein. A suspension of the immobilized protein on agarose gel beads is confined in a constant volume mixing cell. A solution of a specific ligand molecule of constant concentration is introduced into the cell so that its concentration in the cell increases continuously (as in a mixing chamber for forming a convex gradient). The correlation between the concentration of the ligand in the efflux and the cumulative volume of the efflux can be analyzed either by regression to a theoretical curve or by a graphical method. Specific binding of p aminobenzamidine to immobilized Streptomyces griseus trypsin was studied by this method. The dissociation constant and the amount of active trypsin were determined. The values obtained were in good agreement with the inhibition constant obtained by a kinetic experiment with free trypsin and with the amount of active site measured by using p-nitrophenyl p'-guanidinobenzoate, respectively. A single run of the titration procedure could be completed within 1 h. PMID- 3907411 TI - Rapid diagnostic assay for strep throat. PMID- 3907410 TI - An affinity column for the purification of prenyltransferases. AB - Farnesyl pyrophosphate synthetase (EC 2.5.1.1) from chicken liver, pig liver, and yeast has been purified to homogeneity in a single chromatographic step by affinity chromatography. The affinity ligand, geranylmethylphosphonophosphate, is linked to Affi-Gel 10 through the phosphonophosphate moiety. The affinity gel is stable chemically and the internal phosphonophosphate linkage is not hydrolyzed by nonspecific phosphatases. A single column has been used repeatedly for over a year with no degradation in its performance. A typical purification only requires 2 days and gives a 500- to 600-fold purification of enzyme from a crude ammonium sulfate precipitate. PMID- 3907412 TI - Determination of nanogram quantities of vanadium in biological material by isotope dilution thermal ionization mass spectrometry with ion counting detection. PMID- 3907413 TI - Fourier transform infrared detection of pyruvic acid assimilation by E. coli. PMID- 3907414 TI - [Abraham Vater (1684-1751)]. AB - The 9th of December 1984 is the 300th anniversary of the birthday of the German anatomist Abraham Vater (1684-1751). He was a botanist and professor of medicine in Wittenberg too. There he founded an important collection of anatomical preparations. A. Vater is well known because of the Papilla Vateri (Papilla duodeni major) and the Corpuscula lamellosa, which are named after Abraham Vater and Filippo Pacini (1812-1883). PMID- 3907416 TI - Whether blood is contained in the arteries of the living animal by Galen of Pergamon: a translation. AB - Dr. Charles Mayo Goss was professor and chairman of the Department of Anatomy at the University of Alabama (1938-1947) and at Louisiana State University Medical School (1947-1965) and continued to teach after he retired at George Washington (1966-1975) and South Alabama (1975-1981). He edited the 25th, 26th, 27th, 28th, and 29th American editions of Gray's Anatomy. He also was editor of The Anatomical Record for 20 years (1948-1968). His research was on the heart in very early mammalian embryos. He became very interested in the works of Galen and translated five of them. The sixth was published after his death and co-authored by his daughter Elizabeth Goss Chodkowski. He was anxious to show that many "errors" attributed to Galen are mistakes of translation, interpretation, or understanding. PMID- 3907417 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of basolateral surfaces of rat renal tubules isolated by sequential digestion. AB - Renal tubular cells and segments isolated by a trypsin, pepsin, pronase E digestion procedure were studied with scanning electron microscopy. The basal and lateral surfaces of S1, S2, S3 proximal tubular (PT) segments, descending and ascending thin limbs of Henle (TL), distal ascending thick limb of Henle, or distal straight tubule (DST) and distal convoluted tubule (DCT) segments, connecting tubules (CNT), and collecting ducts (CD) were identified and characterized. The basal processes of the S1 and S2 PT cells were fan shaped, were oriented in a circumferential direction, and terminated in microvilli at the basement membrane. S3 PT cells had microvillous basal processes mainly on the lateral edges of the cells. The basal processes of DST and DCT were similar to PT in orientation but terminated on the basement membrane with flattened, thin attachments. The long-loop descending TL and the ascending TL exhibited distinctive interdigitating cell processes. TL segments with simple contours were present in smaller numbers and were characteristic of short-loop descending limbs. CNT showed some cells with basal surfaces resembling DCT cells and others resembling CD cells. Both cortical and medullary CD segments exhibited intercalated cells with round basal contours and a sparse pattern of basal infolding clefts. The cortical CD principal cells revealed a much more elaborate mosaic of plicae, clefts, and microvilli than those of the medullary CD. These observations extend the previous knowledge gained from transmission electron microscopy and assist in the interpretation of that knowledge. PMID- 3907415 TI - Immunohistochemical demonstration of serotonin nerve fibers in the corpus striatum of the rat, cat and monkey. AB - The distribution of serotonin-containing nerve fibers in the corpus striatum of the rat, cat and monkey was studied with modified peroxidase-antiperoxidase method using serotonin antiserum without any pretreatment. In the neostriatum (caudate nucleus and putamen) of all mammalian species investigated, the immunoreactive fibers were distinct varicose fibers in a fine network. The concentration of these fibers was high in the ventral, medial and caudal neostriatum. Especially in the area bounded by the globus pallidus, serotonin fibers were abundant and compactly arranged along the nucleus. In this area of the monkey, a few thick fibers (tract fibers) were intermingled; they ran along the lateral medullary lamina. Such tract fibers were also observed outside the medial medullary lamina and in the central portion of the medial pallidal segment. The paleostriatum (globus pallidus and entopeduncular nucleus) of the rat and cat as well as the medial pallidal segment of the monkey was diffusely innervated with serotonin fibers composed of numerous varicosities and fine intervaricose segments, while in the lateral pallidal segment of the monkey, the distribution of fibers was scanty and partial. Our results hint at the morphological basis of the serotonergic regulation of the extrapyramidal system in mammals. PMID- 3907418 TI - Immunofluorescent localization of an androgen-dependent isoenzyme of prostatic acid phosphatase in rat ventral prostate. AB - Isoenzymes of rat ventral prostate (RVP) acid phosphatase were isolated and partially purified by ultracentrifugation, Sephadex G-100 column chromatography, and isoelectric focusing. Antisera were raised to the isoenzymes of prostatic acid phosphatase by immunization of New Zealand white rabbits. Rabbit antisera reacting specifically to homologous but not heterologous isoenzymes of acid phosphatase were then reacted with a variety of tissues using indirect immunofluorescence. The tissues included prostate, spleen, bone marrow, liver, kidney, salivary gland complex, small intestine, and adrenal glands. An antiserum against a RVP acid phosphatase isoenzyme with a pI of 4.5 (A-PAP) localized acid phosphatase only in the supranuclear region of rat ventral prostate epithelial cells, and did not react with acid phosphatase in any of the other organs tested. A-PAP did not localize acid phosphatase in the ventral prostate from rats 14 days after castration. A-PAP did localize acid phosphatase in the ventral prostate from castrated animals that were treated with testosterone. These results indicate the A-PAP localized an androgen-dependent isoenzyme of acid phosphatase in RVP epithelial cells that may be secretory in nature. This antiserum should prove to be an ideal marker for studies involving hormonal regulation of prostatic epithelial function in vivo and in vitro. PMID- 3907419 TI - Nonrandom positioning of Golgi apparatus in pancreatic B cells. AB - The Golgi apparatus has a polarized distribution in a variety of cell types, and in certain epithelia its intracellular position correlates with the direction of vectorial transport and release of secretory products. We have studied quantitatively the orientation of the Golgi apparatus in pancreatic islet B cells by examining its location with respect to the juxtacapillary face of the cell. This was done a) at the light microscope level on semithin sections of osmium impregnated islets, and b) at the ultrastructural level on thin sections of intact pancreas. The data obtained with both methods show that in pancreatic B cells the Golgi apparatus is preferentially located in the position opposite to the juxtacapillary face of the cell. These results suggest a structural polarization of B cells, which may be important for the coordinate function of islets of Langerhans. PMID- 3907420 TI - Cellular and subcellular colocalization of nerve growth factor and epidermal growth factor in mouse submandibular glands. AB - Immunocytochemical methods have been used to compare the cellular and subcellular distribution of nerve growth factor (NGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) in mouse submandibular glands. Rabbit antisera raised against purified proteins were characterized by immunoblot methods and were used to stain sections of salivary glands embedded in plastic. For light microscopy, antibodies were visualized by indirect immunofluorescence. For electron microscopy, thin sections were treated simultaneously with IgG against NGF and EGF coupled to colloidal gold particles of different size. Data indicate that NGF and EGF are present in all granular convoluted tubule cells and in no other cell type within the salivary gland. Ultrastructural analyses indicate that NGF and EGF are evenly distributed together within mature secretory granules, although a population of small granules was identified that is not immunoreactive for either protein. Taken together, the data suggest that granular convoluted tubule cells are homogeneous in the production and storage of NGF and EGF. PMID- 3907422 TI - Quantitative differences in GLO enzyme levels associated with the MHC of miniature swine. PMID- 3907423 TI - Allergic reactions to systemic glucocorticoids: a review. AB - Over 30 cases of systemic reactivity to adrenocorticosteroids have been reported. With one exception, skin- and challenge-testing have indicated that the glucocorticoid, rather than its vehicle, has been the cause of the reaction. Aspirin-sensitive asthmatic patients may be particularly predisposed to reactions. PMID- 3907424 TI - Albuterol nebulizer solution for the treatment of asthma. PMID- 3907421 TI - The role of needle purging in reducing transfer of microorganisms from local anesthetic cartridge diaphragms. AB - The literature is reviewed to demonstrate the significant amount of contamination on the external surface of the anesthetic cartridge diaphragm. Current methods of cartridge diaphragm decontamination to prevent injection of pathogens are discussed. A series of bacteriologic tests were conducted to determine the probability of transfer of pathogens from the diaphragm surface through the needle lumen of three different sizes to the deposition site. Results of needle purging suggest that a significant reduction in the transfer of microorganisms is possible using this technique. PMID- 3907425 TI - Effect of ketotifen treatment on cold-induced urticaria. AB - Eleven patients with primary acquired cold-induced urticaria were treated with ketotifen (1 mg b.i.d.) or placebo in a double-blind, crossover design trial. After seven days of ketotifen treatment, reaction times to a cold stimulus were significantly delayed in ten of the 11 subjects. No effect was seen after placebo treatment. It is concluded that ketotifen may have a place in the treatment of primary acquired cold urticaria. PMID- 3907426 TI - [Bibliography in clinical biochemistry: analysis of the literature beginning with a computerized data bank]. AB - In which fields of medicine, and in which journals does one publish the majority of articles which concern clinical biochemistry? We are trying to reply to this question by studying the basis of the biographical data developed in our laboratory, proceeding from the perusal of 290 journals and representing 16 802 articles stored from 1978 to 1983. Clinical Chemistry is the most important journal as far as number of articles is concerned, but less articles arises from journals of clinical biochemistry than from those of general medicine and internal medicine. The theme "lipoproteins and atherosclerosis" is the most prolific. It is studied in more detail. In a general way, a theme is rarely covered in a satisfactory manner with 5 journals or less. We think that, faced with the great dispersion of the same theme across the medical literature, our results will help the biologist to make a choice both from the point of view of contract and biographical research. PMID- 3907427 TI - [Contribution of recent methods to the diagnosis of Chlamydia infections]. AB - Chlamydia trachomatis is the most common cause of non- and/or post-gonococcal urethritis in men. The infection is often silent in women, but may be complicated by salpingitis followed by tubal sterility. The direct diagnosis: Since the availability of monoclonal antibodies, the microscopic examination of a smear of the sample is once again a current technique. By using an immuno-fluorescent technique, it is possible to demonstrate the elementary corpuscules in the form of free extracellular particles. This methods is rapid and easy to perform. Culture: Nevertheless, culture remains the reference technique despite the fact that it only reveals "inclusions": clumps of reticulated particles. The technique is simplified by using microculture in flat bottomed microtitration plates, which enables a large number of isolations to be performed in one step. The visualisation by means of monoclonal antibodies is in perfect agreement with classical staining techniques. The serological diagnosis: Micro-immuno fluorescence (MIF) is still the reference technique. ELISA occasionally fails to correlate with MIF. These discordances can be explained by the different antigens used: protein extracts bound to a support, in the case of ELISA, and whole live particles, in the case of MIF. PMID- 3907428 TI - [The bacteriology laboratory of tomorrow]. AB - The development of needs and the conditions for performing examinations in clinical bacteriology leads us to consider that bacteriological analysis should eventually: be closer to clinical requirements. This results in an accelerated bacteriology (whose response-times approach those of other biological specialties) and in a consideration of the diagnostic and therapeutic importance of the response; be less costly. This leads to an increase in productivity, and involves an introduction of computers, automatic systems for antibiograms and identification, and appropriate and inexpensive bioreagents; consider the requirements of the technicians in order to avoid diminishing the interest of the work. This development demands a recognition of needs, whether expressed or not, and a rejection of olds habits that are not adapted to the requirements of a bacteriology which is closer to the patient, quicker, and finally, less costly. PMID- 3907429 TI - [Biosensor development in clinical analysis]. AB - The use of enzymes immobilized or as markers formed the subject of more than thousand publications in the field of industry or biomedical applications, during the last five years. Recently, some authors published works concerning immobilization of total microorganisms for catalytic purposes, others use the enzymatic activity for marking molecules involved in immunological analysis processes. Together industrial biotechnology and medical analysis laboratory are interested with the evolution of these procedures involving the activity of immobilized enzymes. Enzyme immobilization allowed the lowering of analysis costs for, in this case, the enzyme can be used several times. We take account of the two main cases which are encountered during utilization of immobilized enzymes of analytical purposes. The enzyme is used directly for the catalysed reaction or it is used as enzymatic marker. These both aspects are developed mainly for the elaboration of enzymatic and immunoenzymatic electrodes and the realization of automatic computerized devices allowing continuous estimation of numerous biological blood parameters. From these two precise examples, glucose and antigen determination, the authors show the evolution of these technologies in the field of immobilized enzymes or captors and the analysis of signals given by these electrodes requiring a computerized treatment. This new technology opens to important potentialities in the analytical field. The automatization of these devices allowing the control in real time, will probably make easier the optimization steps of procedures actually used in the biomedical sphere. PMID- 3907430 TI - [Chemiluminescence and bioluminescence in clinical analysis. Perspectives of development]. AB - Until now, the methods of analysis by luminescence have not developed greatly in clinical biology because of the instability of the reagents and the absence of a single protocol applicable to a sufficiently wide range of assays. For this reason, the application has been limited to several assays using a specific bioluminescence reaction i.e., the ATP assay (for the measurement of bacterial contamination), and several assays which evaluate NADH production (bile acids, triglycerides, lactate). Research on assay methods that are very specific and very sensitive and do not use radioactive molecules has led to, among other things, the development of new techniques using luminescence reactions. These reactions are of two types: chemiluminescence reactions, which use molecules (luminol, dioxetane, derivatives of acridine and imidazol) that lead to an emission of light under the action of various chemical and enzymatic compounds; bioluminescence reactions produced by specific enzymatic systems (luciferases). Chemiluminescence reactions are used in several immunometric assays. The chemiluminescent marker fixed to the antigen or antibody has a low molecular weight: for this reason it does not lead to a significant modification of immunoreactivity and it is highly stable. Moreover, in certain cases it is possible to use particular properties of these markers (energy transfer, modification of the efficiency of the luminescent reaction) to carry out homogeneous immunometric assays requiring no separation step. Bioluminescence reactions have been less developed, because of the instability of enzymatic systems. However, these reactions are by far the most sensitive of all the detection techniques currently used.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3907431 TI - [Viral hepatitis B. Risk for the anesthetist]. AB - The risk of hepatitis B, previously reported in other countries, has never been investigated in French anaesthetic medical staff. The prevalence of hepatitis B viral markers has been calculated among the medical staff of the Department of Anaesthesiology, the hospital health care personnel, patients before surgical procedure and renal transplantation patients. The frequency in anaesthesiologists (18.75%; 12 out of 64) was significantly greater (p less than 0.05) than in health care personnel (10.5%; 91 out of 863). Prevalence increased with the length of practice in anaesthesiology. Prevalence of markers is 8.7% (27 out of 196) in patients undergoing surgery and 82% (27 out of 33) in patients operated on for renal transplantation in 1981. Frequency of carriers of the hepatitis B surface antigen is 0% in medical staff, 0.2% in health care personnel and 0.5% in patients before surgery. Among the health care staff, anaesthesiologists belong to a high risk population for hepatitis B. Prevention by administration of hepatitis B vaccine is recommended to protect the anaesthesiologist, his relatives and his patients. PMID- 3907433 TI - In vitro and in vivo evaluation of lysozyme extracts of virulent Mycobacterium bovis in guinea pigs and calves. AB - Extracts of Mycobacterium bovis ATCC 19210 were prepared from cells following treatment with acetone 3 times, ethyl alcohol-ether 3 times (1:1, v/v), and chloroform 3 times. Cells were dried and suspended in 0.05M Tris-HCl (pH 7.5) containing lysozyme (1 mg/50 mg of dried cells). One aliquot of the lysozyme extract was filter-sterilized and 1 aliquot of the lysozyme extract was autoclaved. Delayed-type hypersensitivity responses elicited in sensitized guinea pigs, using the filter-sterilized lysozyme extract, were significantly greater than responses elicited using the autoclaved lysozyme extract (P less than 0.01). The filter-sterilized lysozyme extract and a purified protein derivative (PPD) of M bovis, at equal protein concentrations, elicited comparable delayed-type hypersensitivity responses in sensitized guinea pigs. Significant differences were not detected between the mean enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) values on sera collected from calves before exposure to M bovis, using each of the lysozyme extracts or the M bovis PPD (P greater than 0.05). Significant differences were detected when ELISA values obtained using each of the antigens on post-exposure serum were compared with ELISA values on serum collected from calves before exposure to M bovis (P less than 0.01). Differences were not detected in mean ELISA values on sera from cattle collected 12 months after exposure to M bovis, using each of the lysozyme extracts or M bovis PPD (P greater than 0.05); however, 8 of 8 calves were identified as positive on ELISA, using the filter-sterilized lysozyme extract, 7 of 8 calves were positive, using M bovis PPD, and 7 of 8 calves were positive, using the autoclaved lysozyme extract. PMID- 3907432 TI - [Secondary rupture of the spleen after external cardiac massage]. AB - A case of delayed splenic rupture occurring 18 days after external cardiac massage is reported. A 30 year old woman underwent mitral valve replacement. Two cardiac arrests in the immediate postoperative period were successfully treated by external cardiac massage. Recovery was uneventful until the 18th day, when the patient began to suffer from dizziness. Haemodynamic and biological data suggested hypovolaemia by dehydration. The day after, her abdomen became painful and anaemia was discovered. Splenic rupture was diagnosed by abdominal ultrasonography and splenectomy was carried out; no other lesion was found. In spite of the widespread practice of external cardiac massage, splenic rupture without any other lesion is unusual. It is suggested that abdominal ultrasonography should follow all cardiac massages. PMID- 3907435 TI - Effects of endotoxin on lung water, hemodynamics, and gas exchange in anesthetized ponies. AB - Effects of endotoxemia on lung water, hemodynamics, and gas exchange were determined in ponies breathing a mixture of halothane and 100% O2. Escherichia coli endotoxin was infused IV at 20 micrograms/kg of body weight for 1 hour followed by 10 micrograms/kg/hr the subsequent 4 hours. By 0.25 hour, endotoxin increased mean pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance; this was followed by a return to base-line values by 0.5 and 1 hour, respectively. A 2nd increase in pulmonary vascular resistance occurred by 5 hours of endotoxemia. During the last 2 hours of endotoxin infusion, cardiac index was significantly (P less than 0.05) decreased. Hematocrit was increased from 1 to 5 hours of endotoxemia, whereas, the plasma protein concentration was increased from 2 to 4 hours, indicating a loss of plasma volume. The PaO2 and PaCO2 were unchanged. After 5 hours of endotoxemia, lung extravascular thermal volume, postmortem bronchoalveolar lavage albumin content, and extravascular lung water/extravascular dry weight ratio of bloodless lungs were not increased, indicating no increase in alveolar-capillary permeability or pulmonary edema. PMID- 3907434 TI - Bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis: chemiluminescent response of bovine peripheral blood leukocytes to living and killed Pasteurella haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, and Escherichia coli. AB - A luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (LDCL) assay was used to evaluate the response of bovine polymorphonuclear leukocytes; (neutrophils [PMN]) to living and heat-killed Escherichia coli, Pasteurella multocida (type A, serotype 3), and P haemolytica (biotype A, serotype 1), and to heat-killed P haemolytica and sterile culture supernatant from living P haemolytica. Control cultures containing PMN that had not been phagocytically stimulated with bacteria had a modest increase in LDCL during the initial 10 minutes of incubation, followed by a gradual decline throughout the 120-minute incubation period. Bovine PMN emitted LDCL more efficiently when the cells were exposed to living E coli or P multocida than when they were exposed to the same bacteria killed by heat. The mean LDCL values for reaction mixtures containing living E coli or P multocida peaked at 30 minutes of incubation and remained above values for mixtures containing the same heat-killed bacteria. Kinetics of the LDCL response of bovine PMN to heat-killed P haemolytica were similar (although reduced in amplitude) to that observed with killed E coli or P multocida. The LDCL response of bovine PMN to living P haemolytica was not like that for E coli or P multocida, and was characterized by the development of a peak response at 10 minutes followed by a precipitous decrease in responsiveness and a subsequent complete cessation of LDCL. Addition of sterile culture supernatant from living P haemolytica to test samples containing heat-killed P haemolytica induced a response similar to that obtained with the living microorganism.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3907436 TI - Kidney graft survival in transfused and nontransfused sibling beagle dogs. AB - In 6 pairs of sibling Beagle dogs, 1 kidney was exchanged between pairs, and contralateral nephrectomy was done. Previously, one dog of each pair was given blood transfusions from the donor of its allograft. All dogs were given azathioprine and prednisone postoperatively for immunosuppression. Four of 6 dogs given pretransplantation transfusions were healthy 1 year after surgical manipulation was done, and 2 died for reasons other than graft rejection. Of the 6 dogs that were not given pretransplantation transfusions, 3 were healthy after 1 years, but 2 were euthanatized because of graft rejection, and the last was euthanatized because of both graft rejection and intussusception. Other complications in these dogs were leukopenia (7 dogs), interdigital abscesses (2 dogs), urinary infection (3 dogs), and renal vein thrombosis (1 dog). Considering the lack of alternative methods for effective therapy for chronic renal failure in dogs, results of this study seem encouraging for selective use of renal transplantation, clinically. This study supports previous reports which indicated that pretransplantation transfusion enhanced graft survival in dogs. PMID- 3907437 TI - Detection of geographic isolates of Anaplasma marginale, using polyclonal bovine antisera and microfluorometry. AB - Geographically separate United States isolates of Anaplasma marginale were differentiated, using polyclonal bovine antiserum and microfluorometry. Both isolate-common and restricted antigen-specific antibodies were apparent in sera of splenectomized calves after resolution of infection, as judged by the capability of the antisera to recognize heterologous isolate antigens to a lesser extent than homologous antigens. Furthermore, absorption of the antisera with homologous antigens removed homologous and heterologous reactions, whereas heterologous absorptions resulted in the capability to discriminate the tailed or appendage-associated isolates (Virginia and Washington) from the tail-less isolate (Florida). PMID- 3907438 TI - Modified indirect fluorescent antibody test for the serodiagnosis of Anaplasma marginale infections in cattle. AB - A modified indirect fluorescence antibody technique was used for the serodiagnosis of Anaplasma marginale infections in cattle. Nonspecific antibodies adherent to infected erythrocytes were removed, using acidic glycine buffer. Evans blue was used as a counterstain. PMID- 3907439 TI - Alternatives to the use of animals in psychological research. PMID- 3907440 TI - Interview with Representative Cecil Heftel. Interview by Ray Folen. PMID- 3907441 TI - Eglin-c, a polypeptide derived from the medicinal leech, prevents human neutrophil elastase-induced emphysema and bronchial secretory cell metaplasia in the hamster. AB - Eglin-c (Eg-c), a polypeptide with a molecular mass of 8,100 daltons, was purified from the medicinal leech Hirudo medicinalis. The Eg-c was tritiated by reductive methylation for in vitro studies. Incubation of 2.1 X 10(-10) moles of human neutrophil elastase (HNE) with 3H-elastin in the presence of 8.2 X 10(-10) moles of 3H-Eg-c inhibited 98.7% of the elastolytic activity of the enzyme. Using Sephadex G 100 chromatography and 1.7 moles of 3H-Eg-c per mole of HNE, a 34,000 dalton complex (3H-Eg-c-HNE) was observed. The stability of the complex formed between 3H-Eg-c and HNE that had been inactivated with succinyl-ala2-pro-val CH2Cl was much less than that of the 3H-Eg-c-HNE complex. In vivo studies were carried out in weight-matched groups of anesthetized golden Syrian hamsters given 100, 300, 500, or 2,000 micrograms of Eg-c in 0.5 ml saline intratracheally 1 h before 300 micrograms HNE was administered intratracheally. Control animals received saline followed by HNE or 2 doses of saline 1 h apart. Eight weeks later, lung statics and dynamics were measured in anesthetized animals, followed by histologic study of lung parenchyma and the mucosa of the large intrapulmonary airways. There were no deaths, and final mean body weights were similar in all groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3907442 TI - Cigarette smoke induced changes in rat pulmonary clearance of 99mTcDTPA. A comparison of particulate and gas phases. AB - The rat model was developed to study the effects of cigarette smoke on pulmonary clearance of 99mTcDTPA. The method developed was sufficiently noninvasive to allow frequent repeat measurements to be made with a high degree of reproducibility. Animals exposed twice daily to 90 puffs of dilute whole cigarette smoke for 7 days showed an increase in 99mTcDTPA clearance from the lung which returned to normal within 3 wk of stopping exposure. Filtration of the smoke to remove all the particulate matter abolished the changes. PMID- 3907444 TI - Relationship of pleural effusions to pulmonary hemodynamics in patients with congestive heart failure. AB - On the basis of both experimental and clinical studies it is not clear whether left, right, or biventricular heart failure are necessary for the formation of pleural effusions. In order to study the relationship of pulmonary hemodynamics and the presence of pleural effusions in patients with congestive heart failure, we prospectively evaluated 37 patients admitted to the coronary care unit with congestive heart failure secondary to ischemic heart disease or a cardiomyopathy. We used real-time ultrasonography to document the presence of pleural effusions. We found that 19 of the 37 patients with heart failure had pleural effusions. Mean pulmonary artery wedge pressure was 24.1 +/- 1.3 mmHg (SE) in the 19 patients with pleural effusions versus 17.2 +/- 1.5 mmHg (SE) (p less than 0.001) in the 18 patients without pleural effusions. Pulmonary artery pressure was also higher in patients with pleural effusions with a mean value of 38.0 +/- 1.5 mmHg (SE) versus 30.7 +/- 2.1 mmHg (SE) (p less than 0.05) in the patients without pleural effusions. In contrast, mean right atrial pressure was not different between patients with pleural effusions (12.6 +/- 1.5 mmHg) (SE) versus those without pleural effusions (9.8 +/- 1.0 mmHg) (SE) (p = NS). In addition, there was no difference in cardiac output, pulmonary vascular resistance, or total protein concentrations between patients with and without pleural effusions. We conclude that, in patients with congestive heart failure, an elevated left atrial pressure is closely correlated with the presence of pleural effusions, while concurrent elevation of right atrial pressure is not associated with the presence of pleural effusions. PMID- 3907443 TI - Pulmonary effects of acute vanadium pentoxide inhalation in monkeys. AB - An experimental study was conducted to investigate the hypothesis that changes in pulmonary function induced by vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) inhalation would be accompanied by evidence of pulmonary inflammation. Sixteen adult, male cynomolgus monkeys were acutely exposed by whole-body inhalation of V2O5 dust at aerosol concentrations of 0.5 mg V2O5/m3 and 5.0 mg V2O5/m3, conducted at a 1-wk interval. Comprehensive pulmonary function tests were performed 1 day after each inhalation exposure to detect functional changes in the airways and pulmonary parenchyma. Pulmonary inflammation was assessed by cytologic analysis of respiratory cells recovered from the lower respiratory tract by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Postexposure values for pulmonary function and BAL were compared with the baseline values determined for each monkey prior to V2O5 exposure. Acute V2O5 dust inhalation produced significant air-flow limitation in both central and peripheral airways without producing any detectable changes in parenchymal function. These functional changes were accompanied by a significant increase in the total cell counts recovered from the lungs by BAL. The increase in total cell count occurred through a dramatic increase in absolute number and relative percentage of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). These findings suggest that pulmonary inflammatory changes involving PMN may play an important role in the occurrence of air-flow limitation after acute inhalation of V2O5 dust. PMID- 3907445 TI - The lung parenchyma--a dynamic matrix. J. Burns Amberson lecture. AB - The matrix of the lung parenchyma is composed predominantly of collagen, elastin, glycosaminoglycans, and fibronectin. This presentation focuses on the newer insights into injury and repair of lung elastin and glycosaminoglycans. Elastin and glycosaminoglycans respond in characteristic patterns to destructive and proliferative forms of lung injury. Elastin degradation induced by elastases induces a prompt and marked response by elastin resynthesis in situ. The signal for the stimulus remains unknown and deserves to be understood. The measurement of elastin peptides in plasma, urine, or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid can provide an objective index of elastin degradation in disease. Elastin depletion may be augmented by factors that interfere with elastin resynthesis such as exposure to tobacco smoke. Glycosaminoglycans participate in similar fashion in many different forms of lung injury as an early response to injury, which may then determine the subsequent cellular processes of repair. Studies of injury and repair in organ systems, other than the lung, suggest a general role for glycosaminoglycans in interstitial tissue and repair. The mediators that alter matrix chemical structure and function could provide powerful instruments for controlling the process of tissue injury and repair in the lung. PMID- 3907447 TI - Laboratory diagnosis of mycotic and specific fungal infections. Medical Section of the American Lung Association. PMID- 3907446 TI - Nutrition and chronic lung disease. PMID- 3907448 TI - Effect of steroids on the cardiac output and renal changes of bacteremia. AB - The effects of methyl prednisolone pretreatment in dogs prior to a bacterial infusion were measured in relation to cardiac output, blood pressure, intrarenal blood flow, and glomerular filtration rate. In dogs not pretreated with steroid, cardiac output fell 61.1 per cent 30 min postbacterial infusion and remained depressed for the balance of the experiment. Pretreated animals showed a similar 61 per cent depression in cardiac output immediately following bacterial infusion, but then experienced recovery of cardiac output and blood pressure to levels not significantly different from controls at the conclusion of the experiment. Changes in outer cortical bloodflow and glomerular filtration rate were not affected by steroid pretreatment. Based on the above data, the author concludes that the salutary effect of steroid pretreatment on cardiovascular dynamics occurs independently of changes in renal function. PMID- 3907449 TI - [Neonatal meningitis caused by Proteus mirabilis with cerebral abscess]. AB - A case neonatal meningitis by proteus mirabilis is presented. Echographic and CT scan studies were performed during clinical evolution, showing generalized brain abscesses appearances that needed surgical treatment. A ventriculo-peritoneal shunt was later practiced to correct hydrocephaly. PMID- 3907450 TI - [Human insulin: therapeutic progress?]. PMID- 3907451 TI - Relevance of adenosine deaminase to organ transplantation. AB - We have presented a discussion on the relevance of ADA to organ transplantation with regard to whether or not purine analogue inhibitors of ADA can prevent allograft rejection, and whether or not cells with high ADA activity may be involved in the rejection of allografts. It is clear that ADA inhibitors do have a modest amount of immunosuppressive activity. The potentiation of this modest effect by the addition of a deoxyadenosine analogue supports studies by others suggesting that it is the metabolism of deoxyadenosine and the presence of this compound as a substrate that is biochemically responsible for the immunosuppressive effects observed. In other studies that we are currently conducting, we have found that the ADA inhibitor EHNA causes a rapid and severe depletion of ATP in resting murine lymphocytes and that EHNA potentiates a similar effect of the new immunosuppressive agent cyclosporine in the same model. Investigations are currently underway to see if ADA inhibitors may potentiate the immunosuppressive effect of cyclosporine in vivo. It appears that cells with high ADA activity that are detectable in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of renal allograft patients may indeed be involved in the rejection of allografts. However, from murine studies allogeneic cells alone do not seem to generate the appearance of these cells nearly as strongly as infection with murine cytomegalovirus. It must be determined if the ADA-rich cells that appear at the time of CMV infection are involved in viral functions or are the ontologic appearance of cytotoxic T cells representing the host's response to the antigens of the virus. The attack of these host cells against allograft cells infected with the virus may then explain the long-standing observation that viral infections seem to trigger allograft rejection responses. PMID- 3907452 TI - Inhibition of adenosine deaminase to increase the antitumor activity of adenine nucleoside analogues. PMID- 3907453 TI - Complete and partial adenosine deaminase deficiency. Relationship of immune function to metabolite concentrations, enzyme activity, and effects of therapy. PMID- 3907454 TI - Adenosine deaminase impairment and ribonucleotide reductase in human cells. PMID- 3907455 TI - Photoimmunology: study of the effects of nonionizing radiation on the immune system. PMID- 3907456 TI - Effects of illumination on suprachiasmatic nucleus electrical discharge. PMID- 3907457 TI - Seasonal cycles in energy balance: regulation by light. PMID- 3907459 TI - Thrombosis and atherogenesis--the chicken and the egg. Contribution of platelets in atherogenesis. PMID- 3907458 TI - Action spectra, dose-response relationships, and temporal aspects of light's effects on the pineal gland. PMID- 3907460 TI - Thrombosis and atherosclerosis--some unresolved problems. PMID- 3907461 TI - The receptor model for transport of cholesterol in plasma. PMID- 3907462 TI - Mechanisms involved in the uptake and degradation of low density lipoprotein by the artery wall in vivo. PMID- 3907463 TI - Synthesis of apolipoprotein E by peripheral tissues. Potential functions in reverse cholesterol transport and cellular cholesterol metabolism. PMID- 3907464 TI - Expression of LDL receptor binding determinants in very low density lipoproteins. AB - We have used both proteolysis and reconstitution experiments to characterize the determinants for LDL receptor binding of HTG-VLDL. In these studies, we showed that the removal of approximately one mole of apo E per mole of HTG-VLDL (Sf 100 400) and HTG-VLDL (Sf 60-100) by thrombin-specific cleavage results in loss of receptor binding and concomitant loss of suppression of HMG-CoA reductase. This is in direct contrast to the lack of effect thrombin cleavage has on the receptor mediated uptake of LDL, an apo B-mediated process. We were able to reconstitute receptor binding in thrombin-treated HTG-VLDL (Sf 100-400) by the specific reincorporation of one mole of apo E into the VLDL. The incorporation of one mole of apo E into normal non-suppressive VLDL (Sf 60-400) also enables this lipoprotein to bind to the receptor as effectively as LDL. Trypsin, which destroys apo E-mediated, but not apo B-mediated binding to the LDL receptor, abolishes binding of HTG-VLDL (Sf 100-400) and HTG-VLDL (Sf 60-100), but not that of HTG-VLDL (Sf 20-60), IDL, or LDL to the LDL receptor. Therefore, we conclude that apo E of the appropriate conformation is required for receptor-mediated uptake by the LDL receptor of large TG-rich lipoproteins (Sf greater than 60). This conformation of apo E is probably related to the surface on which it is found (i.e., size of the particle) and the mode of incorporation into the phospholipid surface (i.e., transferred from plasma HDL). In large TG-rich particles, it appears that the intact apo E is necessary for the proper orientation of the molecule on the surface, with the carboxy-terminal one-third needed to anchor the apoprotein to the phospholipid surface. We believe that the binding of apo E to the LDL receptor is a redundant system and is used as a backup system in abnormal pathological states such as hypertriglyceridemia, abetalipoproteinemia, and hypobetalipoproteinemia. In the case of hypertriglyceridemia, where the lipolysis mechanism is overloaded, the abnormal binding of HTG-VLDL (Sf greater than 60) provides an alternate catabolic route for their removal from plasma. In the cases of a beta- and hypobetalipoproteinemia, where the normal particles for cholesterol delivery are either absent or at low levels, apo E-containing particles can serve to deliver cholesterol to cells as has been recently observed in vitro.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3907465 TI - Platelets, macrophages, endothelium, and growth factors. Their effects upon cells and their possible roles in atherogenesis. PMID- 3907466 TI - Atherogenic regulation by heparin-like molecules. PMID- 3907467 TI - Physiologic functions of normal endothelial cells. PMID- 3907468 TI - The role of individual differences in lipoprotein, artery wall, gender, and behavioral responses in the development of atherosclerosis. AB - Striking individual differences exist in the response of animals to atherogenic diets. In this communication, we have summarized the accumulated data that relate to a better understanding of this individuality in susceptibility to atherosclerosis. Described herein, are the accumulated data concerning individual differences in the ways in which animals respond to dietary cholesterol. Also contained in this review, are beginning efforts to understand individual differences in susceptibility to coronary artery atherosclerosis at the level of the artery wall ("mesenchymal susceptibility"). We have placed special emphasis on individual differences that exist among cynomolgus macaques in certain psychosocial variables that contribute to individual differences in susceptibility. Among male cynomolgus macaques both status and social condition contribute to these individual differences. Additionally, individual differences in cardiovascular reactivity contribute to varying degrees of atherosclerosis development largely independent of plasma lipid concentrations. Among cynomolgus macaque females, stress-ovarian function relationships have a major influence on the relative degree to which these female animals are protected against diet induced coronary artery atherosclerosis. PMID- 3907469 TI - Kinetics of atherosclerosis: a stem cell model. PMID- 3907471 TI - A new way to look at atherosclerotic involvement of the artery wall and the functional effects. PMID- 3907470 TI - Foam cells and atherogenesis. PMID- 3907472 TI - Diagnosis and treatment of verrucous squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx: a critical review. AB - Verrucous squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx is a clinical and pathological entity which was recognized only in recent years. It is a highly differentiated variant of squamous carcinoma whose incidence is difficult to assess (3.82% of all laryngeal malignant lesions in our series of 3,012 patients seen from 1966 through 1983). The laryngologist and the pathologist must cooperate closely to formulate a correct diagnosis, because the microscopic findings may not show cytological criteria for malignancy, while the clinical appearance of the exophytic, broadly implanted, and fungating lesion is suggestive of malignancy. A large enough specimen is required to carry out adequate investigations in order to differentiate the lesion from keratosis, verruca vulgaris, or squamous cell carcinoma with a verrucous appearance. The most effective form of treatment is surgery, because radiotherapy has shown a high rate of recurrence or persistence of tumor and because there is the risk of occasional anaplastic or sarcomatoid transformation as seen in this and other sites. Neck dissection is not indicated because the tumor has not shown an ability to spread to regional lymph nodes or to distant organs. PMID- 3907473 TI - [Acanthosis nigricans]. PMID- 3907474 TI - [Neuro-cerebral malformation discovered during pregnancy and their treatment]. PMID- 3907475 TI - [Neonatal septicemia caused by group B Streptococcus associated with right diaphragmatic hernia with delayed disclosure]. PMID- 3907476 TI - The role of the skin in Dupuytren's disease. PMID- 3907477 TI - [Epidermoid cysts of the spleen in children. 2 cases diagnosed by ultrasonography and treated by partial splenectomy]. PMID- 3907478 TI - [Percutaneous ultrasound-guided nephrostomy]. PMID- 3907479 TI - [A case of biliary cyst. Diagnostic contribution of pre- and postnatal ultrasonography]. PMID- 3907480 TI - [Use of the Sengstaken-Blakemore tube in esophagectomy without thoracotomy]. PMID- 3907481 TI - Non-electrode biosensors in clinical biochemistry. AB - This review covers biosensors based on piezoelectric crystals, optical systems, field effect transistors and thermistors. Piezoelectric crystal or microgravimetric biosensors have been used for immunoassay. Optical biosensors are described in which waveguides are used to transmit changes in optical characteristics or, in an innovative mode, the evanescent wave component of a completely internally-reflected light beam is used to study optical changes. Optical biosensors have been used in immuno and in enzyme-based assays. Field effect transistors detect changes in ion concentrations and have been applied to the detection of biochemical reactions which involve a change in concentration of a specific ion. Thermistors are used to monitor the heat produced as the result of an exothermic enzymatic reaction and this has been applied to the assay of compounds or enzymes of interest. Biosensors may find a role in clinical biochemistry in low volume testing, patient self-testing and in vivo monitoring. PMID- 3907482 TI - Dihydrofolate reductase inhibition assay for methotrexate. PMID- 3907483 TI - Intra-individual variation: significant changes in parameters of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in the individual and intra-individual variation in different test populations. AB - Fasting serum triglyceride, cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, HDL 2&3 cholesterol, fasting plasma glucose and insulin and haemoglobin A1 were measured under standardised conditions in a group of laboratory volunteers. Intra-individual variation was calculated for each parameter from weekly measurements on at least eleven successive occasions, and the minimum change in each parameter that would be significant at the level P less than 0.05 was calculated. A further study compared intra-individual variation in different test populations. Data from the group of laboratory volunteers were taken to represent intra-individual variation under standard test conditions with an informed test population and data from a group of regularly monitored out-patients undergoing drug therapy for hypercholesterolaemia were taken to represent intra-individual variation under standard conditions in a typical test population. A group of in-patients under strict dietary control provided information on variation under extreme standardisation of test conditions. Intra-individual variation was greatest for all parameters in the outpatient population. Extreme standardisation of test condition reduced intra-individual variation beyond that of the laboratory volunteers only in the case of serum triglyceride. PMID- 3907485 TI - Pulmonary epithelial permeability in normal individuals and asthmatic patients. AB - It has been suggested that an increase in lung permeability is the cause for bronchial hyperreactivity in asthma. A method for measuring pulmonary epithelial permeability (PEP) has been developed recently. PEP is estimated by calculating the half-time clearance of inhaled diethylene triamine penta-acetate, labelled with 99m-technetium, with a scintillation counter over the right upper lobe of the lung. Seven normal subjects and 7 patients with stable bronchial asthma had PEP determined. Mean half-time clearance of 99m TC-DTPA in normals and asthmatics were 52.4 minutes and 52.7 minutes respectively. There was no significant difference (p less than 0.5) between these baseline values. Therefore, in patients with stable asthma there is no increase in lung permeability compared with normal subjects. PMID- 3907484 TI - Potassium supplementation fails to lower blood pressure in hypertensive patients receiving a potassium losing diuretic. AB - Thirty-three patients with hypertension receiving drug treatment that included a potassium losing diuretic were randomly allocated to 64 mmol of potassium (14 patients) or to no additional potassium supplementation (19 patients). Potassium was administered as slow release potassium chloride. After 3 months, blood pressure fell by 5/1 mm Hg in the patients who received the supplements and by 7/4 mm Hg in those who did not receive them. The falls in pressure were not significantly different and the 90% confidence limits for the effect of supplementation on diastolic pressure were: a fall of 2 mm Hg and a rise of 11 mm Hg, thus excluding an important hypotensive effect in these patients. Conversely, plasma creatinine fell by 11% in the supplement group compared with a 6% rise in the control group (P less than 0.05). Potassium supplementation, either by pharmacological preparations or by dietary manipulation, may prove to be desirable in patients on a potassium losing diuretic but should not be expected to lower blood pressure in such patients. PMID- 3907486 TI - Breathing during sleep. AB - Hypoxaemia during the rapid eye movement phase of sleep is common in older healthy normal subjects over 55 years of age; the sleep apnoea syndromes--such as obstructive sleep apnoea, where oro-nasal airflow ceases for more than 10 seconds on many separate occasions throughout the night, due to failure of contraction of the genio-glossus muscle; "blue and bloated" patients with chronic bronchitis and emphysema, where profound nocturnal hypoxaemia is common in REM sleep, and is associated with further elevation of pulmonary arterial pressure; the overlap syndrome--where "blue and bloated" chronic bronchitis is associated with an obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome; and bronchial asthma, where hypoxaemia is associated with irregular breathing and possibly nocturnal bronchoconstriction. Although absolute recognition depends upon all night sleep studies, monitoring of ear oxygen saturation, breathing patterns, and EEG, the clinical features when awake can lead to suspicion of sleep hypoxaemia--as, for example, obesity and obstructive sleep apnoea with loud snoring and restlessness in sleep, hypoxaemia during wakefulness in the overlap syndrome, and nocturnal awakening with wheeze in bronchial asthma. Treatment depends on the cause, and may vary from weight loss and nasal continuous positive airway pressure in obstructive sleep apnoea, to nocturnal oxygen in "blue bloaters", a combination of these two in the overlap syndrome, and long acting bronchodilators such as slow release theophyllines in nocturnal asthma. Recognition and appropriate treatment of nocturnal hypoxaemia is an important new development in respiratory medicine. PMID- 3907487 TI - The epidemiology of lung cancer in Singapore. AB - Lung cancer has reached epidemic proportions in all developed countries and many of the urban centres of the developing world. It is the most frequent cancer site in Singapore, accounting for 23.4% (623 cases) of all cancer deaths and nearly 5% of all causes in 1982. Based on incidence data for 1968-1977, among males, there was an average of about 330 cases diagnosed each year, giving an annual incidence rate of 30.7 per 100,000 and a proportion of 21% against all sites. Among females, there was an average of about 115 cases, with the incidence rate at 11.2 and the proportion 10.3% (ranking third behind breast and cervix). The risks among the Chinese were more than double those of the other ethnic groups. The Hokkien (73.2 per 100,000) and Teochew (67.0) males had one of the highest age standardized incidence rates in the world. Most of the cases were of the epidermoid carcinoma type. Among the females, the Cantonese (28.5) had about double the risks compared to the other dialect groups, and the rate was among the highest in the world. Adenocarcinomas accounted for almost 50% of the cases. The relevant host and environmental factors associated with lung cancer are discussed. Without doubt, cigarette smoking is the most important risk factor. The ultimate solution to this problem must lie in an effective smoking control programme, besides much-needed improvements in early diagnosis and treatment of the disease. PMID- 3907488 TI - Crohn's disease: frozen section studies in surgical treatment. PMID- 3907489 TI - [Chest pain of esophageal origin]. PMID- 3907490 TI - Polymorphonuclear neutral protease activity in multiple sclerosis and other diseases. AB - Polymorphonuclear neutral protease activity (PMN-NPA) was examined in 87 patients with definite multiple sclerosis (MS) (48 active, 39 inactive), 49 patients with other neurological diseases (OND), 24 patients with immune-mediated non neurological diseases (INND), and 32 normal subjects. PMN-NPA was found to be significantly increased in active MS compared with inactive MS and compared with each of the control groups. No differences were found between the group of normal subjects and the groups of patients with OND, INND, or inactive MS. Levels of PMN NPA were significantly higher in the OND group than in inactive MS group. The differences for INND versus normal controls, neurological controls, and patients with inactive MS were not significant. No significant differences have been detected between active and inactive INND. These results suggest that PMN-NPA may be useful in the diagnosis and evaluation of MS. PMID- 3907491 TI - Efficacy of cefmenoxime in experimental Escherichia coli bacteremia and meningitis. AB - Cefmenoxime, a new semisynthetic cephalosporin structurally similar to cefotaxime, was evaluated for its activities in vitro and in vivo against a K1 Escherichia coli strain in comparison with activities of cefotaxime and ampicillin. In vitro the MICs and MBCs of both cefmenoxime and cefotaxime were the same, 1/16th and 1/32nd those of ampicillin, respectively. The efficacies of cefmenoxime and cefotaxime against experimentally induced E. coli bacteremia and meningitis in newborn rats were similar and significantly better than that of ampicillin as judged by bactericidal titers of blood and cerebrospinal fluid, rapidity of clearance of bacteria from blood and cerebrospinal fluid, and incidence of meningitis in animals with bacteremias. The efficacy of cefmenoxime or cefotaxime measured by impact on mortality was influenced by the size of bacterial populations. The mortality was significantly greater in rats with bacterial counts before therapy of greater than or equal to 10(6) CFU/ml of blood than in animals with lower counts. Overall, the in vivo efficacy of cefmenoxime was similar to that of cefotaxime; thus it could be useful in the therapy of neonatal E. coli infection. PMID- 3907492 TI - Plasmid-mediated resistance to lincomycin by inactivation in Staphylococcus haemolyticus. AB - Staphylococcus haemolyticus BM4610 was resistant to high levels of lincomycin and susceptible to macrolides, clindamycin, and streptogramins. This resistance phenotype, not previously reported for a human clinical isolate, was due to inactivation of the antibiotic. The gene conferring resistance to lincomycin in strain BM4610 was carried by a 2.5-kilobase plasmid, pIP855, which was cloned in Escherichia coli. Plasmid pIP855 caused inactivation of both lincomycin and clindamycin in S. haemolyticus and in E. coli but conferred detectable resistance to lincomycin only in S. haemolyticus and to clindamycin only in E. coli. PMID- 3907493 TI - Comparison of cefotaxime, imipenem-cilastatin, ampicillin-gentamicin, and ampicillin-chloramphenicol in the treatment of experimental Escherichia coli bacteremia and meningitis. AB - In a search for more effective antimicrobial therapy of neonatal Escherichia coli infection, newer beta-lactam antibiotics, cefotaxime and imipenem, were evaluated for their activities against a K1 E. coli strain in vitro and in vivo, and the results were compared with those of conventional therapeutic regimens for neonatal E. coli infection: ampicillin-gentamicin and ampicillin-chloramphenicol. Measured by MICs and MBCs, cefotaxime and imipenem were 8- to 512-fold more active in vitro than the older agents. For in vivo studies, the following daily doses were used: 50 mg/kg for each of imipenem and cilastatin; 100 mg/kg for each of cefotaxime, ampicillin, and chloramphenicol; and 10 mg/kg for gentamicin. At these doses, the mean bactericidal titers in blood and cerebrospinal fluid were significantly greater with newer agents than with ampicillin-gentamicin and ampicillin-chloramphenicol. However, at the doses used, the newer agents were not more effective in vivo than the older agents. This was shown by the similarities in clearance of bacteria from blood and cerebrospinal fluid, incidences of meningitis in bacteremic animals, and mortality rates. Thus, although these two newer antibiotics are more active in vitro and produce greater bactericidal titers in vivo, they do not appear to be superior to conventional regimens for treatment of neonatal E. coli bacteremia and meningitis. PMID- 3907494 TI - Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of oxacillin combined with rifampin in the treatment of staphylococcal infections. AB - A total of 101 patients with proven Staphylococcus aureus infection were included in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study; this study compared oxacillin (12 g/day, intravenously) or vancomycin (2 g/day, intravenously) plus rifampin (1,200 mg/day, orally) with oxacillin or vancomycin plus placebo. We evaluated 65 patients. Of the patients tested, 33 received oxacillin plus rifampin (13 bacteremias), and 32 received oxacillin plus placebo (16 bacteremias). Clinical cure was achieved in 61% of the patients treated with oxacillin plus rifampin and in 56% of the patients treated with oxacillin plus placebo. Improvement was noted in 27 and 25%, respectively, and failure occurred in 9 and 18%, respectively. These differences were not statistically significant. Bacteriological failure occurred in 3 and 28%, respectively (P less than 0.05). None of the failures within the rifampin-treated group was associated with the emergence of a rifampin resistant mutant. The rates of superinfection were similar in both groups. The geometric means of the serum bactericidal activity after 1, 6, and 11 h were, respectively, 22, 17, and 9 after treatment with oxacillin plus rifampin and 25, 3.4, and 2.3 after treatment with oxacillin plus placebo. It was suggested that the addition of rifampin to oxacillin or vancomycin might only be beneficial to severely ill patients. PMID- 3907495 TI - Relative rates of transport of peptidyl drugs by Candida albicans. AB - A variety of peptide drugs are known to be active against Candida albicans; however, little is known about the transport of such agents into the target organism. To provide further information concerning transport of this type, we studied the uptake of two classes of small linear peptides: polyoxins which act intact within the cell and the m-fluorophenylalanyl (m-F-Phe) peptides which require peptidase cleavage to release m-F-Phe. Competition studies with a specific dipeptide detector (alanyl-alpha-thiophenylglycine) enabled us to determine Ki values of 2.6 microM for nikkomycin Z and 350 microM for polyoxin D. Rates of uptake of the peptidyl-nucleosides are approximately 30 times lower than those of the m-F-Phe peptides (apparent maximal velocities: nikkomycin Z, 62 pmol min-1 mg (dry weight) of cells-1; M-F-Phe alanine 1.3 nmol min-1 mg (dry weight) of cells-1). For both the m-F-Phe peptides and the peptidyl-nucleosides, the affinity of the drug for the transport system is an important determinant of its whole-cell activity. PMID- 3907497 TI - High-tech education. Computer assisted instruction. PMID- 3907496 TI - Pharmacokinetics of sulfisoxazole in renal transplant patients. AB - We studied the elimination of sulfisoxazole in eight renal transplant patients. The patients received sulfisoxazole prophylactically for urinary tract infection commencing 7 days postoperatively. The renal elimination of sulfisoxazole (unbound renal clearance) was decreased in this patient population and was highly correlated with creatinine clearance. The unbound metabolic clearance and apparent unbound formation clearance of N4-acetyl sulfisoxazole did not differ from values found in healthy volunteers. The protein binding was marginally lower in this patient population than in healthy subjects after a single dose. The reduced binding was compatible with a reduced albumin concentration. In contrast to the situation for healthy subjects, the binding of sulfisoxazole decreased upon multiple dosing. This is probably due to a relatively higher sulfisoxazole and N4-acetyl sulfisoxazole-to-albumin ratio in this patient population than in healthy subjects. No complications of sulfisoxazole therapy were seen, although in three subjects concentration of the N4-acetyl sulfisoxazole in urine exceeded its theoretical solubility on a few occasions. PMID- 3907498 TI - Fungal metabolism and detoxification of the nitropolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon 1-nitropyrene. AB - Nitropolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are ubiquitous environmental pollutants, many of which are potent mutagens in bacterial and mammalian cells and carcinogenic to rodents. In this study, we investigated the fungal metabolism of 1-nitropyrene and determined the mutagenic activity of the metabolites toward Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA98NR, and TA100. Cunninghamella elegans metabolized 1-nitropyrene to form glucoside conjugates of 6-hydroxy-1-nitropyrene and 8-hydroxy-1-nitropyrene. The metabolites were isolated by reversed-phase high pressure liquid chromatography and characterized by application of UV absorption, 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectroscopy. Mutagenicity assays performed on samples extracted from incubations of C. elegans with 1-nitropyrene indicated that mutagenic activity decreased with time. Consistent with the loss in mutagenic activity, the glucoside conjugates of 6- and 8-hydroxy-1-nitropyrene were nonmutagenic in the Salmonella reversion assay. The results indicate that the fungus C. elegans metabolizes 1-nitropyrene to detoxified products. PMID- 3907499 TI - Rapid detection of salmonellae by immunoassays with titanous hydroxide as the solid phase. AB - Radioimmunometric and enzyme-immunometric assays were developed for the detection of salmonellae in pure and mixed cultures as well as in 59 food samples. The performances of titanous hydroxide suspension and microtiter plates as the solid phase for the immobilization of microorganisms were compared in these immunoassays. Detection of populations of salmonella cells in pure culture, diluted with saline, was 4- to 10-fold more sensitive with the microtiter plates. However, with mixed culture of salmonella and other enterobacterial species, the detection sensitivity with titanous hydroxide was 100- to 160-fold more sensitive than with microtiter plates. Good correlation existed between results of a standard cultural method for the detection of salmonellae in foods and those obtained from radioimmunometric and enzyme-immunometric assays utilizing titanous hydroxide. However, a high incidence of false-positive and false-negative results with food samples occurred with the enzyme-immunometric assay utilizing microtiter plates. The results provided strong evidence for the merits of substituting titanous hydroxide for microtiter plates as the solid phase for the immobilization of salmonellae for their detection by immunoassays. The immunoassays were rapid and enabled the analysis of a large number of selective enrichment cultures of food samples for salmonellae within 8 h. PMID- 3907501 TI - Genetic control of meiosis. PMID- 3907500 TI - Recovery of Saccharomyces cerevisiae from ethanol-induced growth inhibition. AB - Ethanol caused altered mobility of the lipophilic probe 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5 hexatriene in plasma membrane preparations of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Because lipids had been shown to protect yeast cells against ethanol toxicity, sterols, fatty acids, proteins, and combinations of these were tested; however, protection from growth inhibition was not seen. Ethanol-induced, prolonged lag periods and diminished growth rates in S. cerevisiae were reduced by an autoconditioning of the medium by the inoculum. PMID- 3907502 TI - [Drug interactions with anticancer agents]. AB - Each anticancer agent has its own pharmacologic activities. Effect of anticancer agent may be influenced by the concomitant administration of another drug. In addition, patients with advanced cancer occasionally require other medications as well. These drugs can alter both the effects and adverse reactions of anticancer agents. Therefore, much attention must be placed on the interaction with anticancer agents. This paper summarizes drug interactions between anticancer agents and other drugs. Furthermore, clinical significance of these interactions will be discussed. It is hoped that this paper will provide more attention for the study of this problem. PMID- 3907503 TI - Diagnosis and outcome of subcortical cystic leucomalacia. AB - Three children who had suffered prolonged hypotension or severe asphyxia and who subsequently developed cystic subcortical leucomalacia are reported. This condition fits into the spectrum of perinatal ischaemic brain disease but the diagnosis in life has not previously been reported. Aetiological factors and neurodevelopmental outcome, which was poor in all cases, are discussed. PMID- 3907505 TI - Medical Research Council leukaemia trial, UKALL VII. A report to the Council by the Working Party on Leukaemia in Childhood. AB - Eighty two eligible children with 'standard risk' lymphoblastic leukaemia were entered into the Medical Research Council UKALL VII trial. Three failed to remit. With a minimum follow up time of four years, actuarial relapse free survival for the remainder was 65%; a significant improvement over the two preceding 'standard risk' trials at the same stage. Only one of five treatment variables possibly affected relapse free survival; this being whether methotrexate was given orally or parenterally during remission maintenance treatment. Twenty seven of 36 patients (75%) who were given intramuscular methotrexate remain alive and in their first remission compared with 23 of 41 (56%) given the drug orally. Although statistically significant differences in small trials should be interpreted with caution, this finding raises the possibility that orally administered methotrexate is not completely absorbed. PMID- 3907504 TI - Recurrence risk after first febrile seizure and effect of short term diazepam prophylaxis. AB - In a prospective randomised study, 289 children admitted consecutively to hospital with their first febrile seizure were allocated, by date of admission, to short term diazepam prophylaxis (n = 152) or to no prophylaxis (n = 137) and followed for 18 months. In untreated children, five major risk factors for recurrent febrile convulsions were identified: age 15 months or less at the time of the first febrile seizure, epilepsy in first degree relatives, febrile convulsions in first degree relatives, a first complex febrile seizure, and day nursery care. The 18 month recurrence rate was 80 to 100% if three to five risk factors were present, 50% if two factors were identified, 25% where one factor was found, and 12% if there were no predictors. During prophylaxis the recurrence rate was uniformly low (mean 12%) in all risk groups. In high (three or more factors) and intermediate (two factors) risk children prophylaxis provided effective seizure control and reduced the recurrence rate from 80%, or more, to 12% and 50% to 12%, respectively. In children with one risk factor 50% of all recurrences were prevented (25% to 12%). Prophylaxis was ineffective in very low risk children (12% to 12%). PMID- 3907507 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of dwarfism by ultrasound screening. AB - In a general, ultrasound screening programme, 12 453 women were examined at 16 and 32 weeks of pregnancy. The screening detected all limb deformities in the population during the study period. The seeming prevalence of dwarfism in the population was 750 per million. PMID- 3907506 TI - Apnoea monitors compared with weighing scales for siblings after cot death. AB - A randomised control trial was carried out on support measures given to parents with a subsequent child after previously suffering a cot death. Apnoea monitors were used in one group and weighing scales in the other. General support measures given to both groups included the keeping of symptom charts and weekly visits by health visitors. Many alarms occurred which were presumed to be false. Eleven per cent fewer symptoms were reported by parents of children on monitors than parents of children being weighed daily. Both systems were acceptable and gave parents confidence. Sixty per cent of parents were reluctant to give up using the monitor compared with 26% of parents using scales. Virtually all parents commented on the great value of the weekly home visit of the health visitor and the symptom diary. PMID- 3907508 TI - Subependymal cysts in normal neonates. AB - We undertook a prospective ultrasound study of subependymal cyst formation in normal neonates. Twenty five of 500 normal Chinese neonates (5%) were found to have subependymal cysts. Most of these (18 of 25) showed no obvious perinatal insult. This study suggests a rather high incidence of concealed intrauterine subependymal haemorrhage in normal term neonates. PMID- 3907509 TI - Neonatal inferior vena cava and renal venous thrombosis treated by thrombectomy and nephrectomy. AB - Neonatal inferior vena cava and renal venous thrombosis with obstruction was diagnosed clinically and confirmed by ultrasonography. Successful thrombectomy and nephrectomy were performed at 40 hours of age. Thrombus with obstruction occluding the inferior vena cava favours immediate surgery. PMID- 3907510 TI - Chest physiotherapy in acute bronchiolitis. AB - Forty four children with acute bronchiolitis were given twice daily chest physiotherapy in addition to standard supportive measures and were compared with 46 controls who were not given physiotherapy. There was no clinically discernable benefit on the course of their illness. PMID- 3907511 TI - Spina bifida--a vanishing nightmare? AB - Detailed analysis is presented on the dramatic decline in spina bifida births and other congenital central nervous system defects in the past 12 years, in both Sheffield and the rest of Great Britain. In Sheffield, there was an average of 20 spina bifida births per year up to 1972, but since then there has been a progressive fall to only one in 1984. This decrease may be partly attributable to antenatal diagnosis and terminations of affected pregnancies, but there is no known explanation for the rest of the fall, which has also been experienced throughout Great Britain. The virtual elimination of spina bifida is now possible, as long as the existing methods of prevention and antenatal diagnostic facilities are used even more fully. Relaxation of our effort and a reverse in the 'natural' trend could bring the incidence of spina bifida back to where it was 15 years ago. PMID- 3907512 TI - What is asthma? PMID- 3907513 TI - A comparison of three microbial assay procedures for measuring toxicity of chemical residues. PMID- 3907515 TI - [Controlled ultrasound therapy of the fetus]. PMID- 3907514 TI - Effects of 3,3',4,4'-tetrachloroazoxybenzene on selected immune parameters of the mouse. PMID- 3907516 TI - [Plastic operations in aplasia of the vagina]. PMID- 3907517 TI - [Plastic covering of larger wound defects in vulvar cancer]. PMID- 3907518 TI - [Bacteriology of vaginal flora]. PMID- 3907519 TI - [New diagnostic procedures for sexually transmissible diseases]. PMID- 3907520 TI - Genital chlamydial infections in the female. PMID- 3907521 TI - [Bacterial vaginosis]. PMID- 3907522 TI - An instrument to measure self-care principles of renal transplant recipients. PMID- 3907523 TI - Evaluating the education of renal transplant patients after primary nursing. PMID- 3907524 TI - [Study of 11 enzymes and formal genetic findings for 19 enzymatic loci in Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera: Reduviidae)]. PMID- 3907525 TI - Shigella and Salmonella species from Kigali (Rwanda) (1976-1982). PMID- 3907527 TI - Studies on the loss of sexual capacity in the ANKA isolate of Plasmodium berghei and the reversibility of the process. PMID- 3907526 TI - Racial differences in renin, aldosterone, prostaglandin and kallikrein of normal male subjects. PMID- 3907528 TI - [Studies on the chemoresistance of Plasmodium falciparum in Africa: current data]. PMID- 3907529 TI - [Evaluation of antimalarial drugs in a region with a high prevalence of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum (Burundi, Central Africa)]. PMID- 3907530 TI - [In vivo response to chloroquine during the treatment of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in a suburban region of Kinshasa, Zaire]. PMID- 3907531 TI - [Sensitivity of strains of Plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine, mefloquine and quinine in 1983 in Zaire]. PMID- 3907532 TI - In vitro response of Plasmodium falciparum to mefloquine. Studies conducted in West and East Africa. PMID- 3907533 TI - Alternative treatment of drug resistant falciparum malaria with particular reference to Africa south of the Sahara. PMID- 3907535 TI - [Entomological study on the transmission of human malaria in the Senegal River Basin (Senegal)]. PMID- 3907536 TI - [Longitudinal study of malaria indices in 2 villages of the Bobo Dioulasso region (Burkina Faso)]. PMID- 3907534 TI - Epidemiological and operational considerations in the use of antimalarial drugs for chemotherapy and chemoprophylaxis of malaria in Africa. PMID- 3907537 TI - [Value of new immunological tests applied to the study of the epidemiology of human malaria]. PMID- 3907538 TI - The delivery of exoerythrocytic parasites of Plasmodium berghei: a hormone controlled process. PMID- 3907539 TI - [Data collected from African concerning factors influencing the susceptibility of erythrocytes to Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax]. PMID- 3907541 TI - The role of variant antigens in acquired immunity to Plasmodium falciparum. PMID- 3907540 TI - Identification of receptors in the interaction between P. falciparum merozoites and erythrocytes. PMID- 3907542 TI - Characterization of Plasmodium falciparum of different countries. PMID- 3907543 TI - [Criteria and circumstances of viability of gametocytes of Plasmodium berghei]. PMID- 3907544 TI - Seroepidemiological studies of malaria in The Gambia, West Africa. PMID- 3907545 TI - Indirect immunofluorescence using differentiating antigens in detection of imported malaria. PMID- 3907546 TI - Chloroquine induces oxidative lysis of Plasmodium berghei parasitized red blood cells. PMID- 3907547 TI - Combined transplantation of the heart and liver. AB - The technique of combined transplantation of the heart and liver is described and illustrated, emphasizing modifications that were used in a successful case. Two other unsuccessful attempts are reported, and the importance of relative size of donor and recipient is discussed. There may be an immunological advantage to transplanting two organs in combination from the same donor. PMID- 3907548 TI - A clinical evaluation of the hypothesis that rupture of the left ventricle following mitral valve replacement can be prevented by preservation of the chordae of the mural leaflet. AB - Experiences with 14 patients undergoing rupture of the left ventricle following mitral valve replacement over a period of 9 years have been described. Three different types have been recognized. Before 1978, most injuries occurred in the atrioventricular groove, apparently resulting from traction that insidiously avulsed the mitral annulus from the underlying left ventricular muscle. Several changes in operative technique, described in the text, were made to prevent this traction avulsion. Following the adoption of these principles, rupture in the atrioventricular groove virtually disappeared. A second type of injury, strut perforation, has been recognized in only one patient, a small 81-year-old female in whom the prosthesis inserted was too large for the ventricular cavity. Translucent obturators were subsequently developed not only to size the left ventricle but also to note the location of the post of the porcine prosthesis before insertion. Further problems of this type have not been seen. The most puzzling, and currently the most significant, problem is a third type of rupture, the mid-ventricular rupture, suggested as Type III by Miller in 1978 and described in detail by Cobbs in 1977 and 1980. The phenomenon seems to be a true spontaneous rupture of a thin left ventricle, usually occurring in small elderly women with mitral valve disease. If the friability of the left ventricle is transiently increased with potassium cardioplegia, such ventricles may spontaneously rupture following division of the chordae to the annulus of the mural leaflet. If this concept is correct, a rupture in some patients can best be prevented by preserving these chordae. It is well realized, of course, that a fortunate narrative experience of 3 1/2 years does not have any statistical value concerning a complication that occurs in 1 to 2% of operations. The experiences are reported, however, because to our knowledge, the untethered loop hypothesis has not been previously evaluated in a large number of consecutive patients operated on. Future comparison of experiences reported by others should make it possible to determine whether or not this concept is correct. PMID- 3907551 TI - Joseph Lister's year of death incorrectly listed. PMID- 3907550 TI - Saphenous vein or PTFE for femoropopliteal bypass. A prospective randomized trial. AB - To evaluate the patency of PTFE (Gore-tex) as a femoropopliteal bypass, a prospective randomized trial was performed between PTFE and saphenous vein. Forty nine consecutive patients with intermittent claudication, rest pain, or tissue loss due to an occlusion of the superficial femoral artery entered the study. Randomization between PTFE and saphenous vein was performed at the time of operation after assessment of the quality of the latter. The two groups did not differ significantly regarding stage of peripheral ischemia, outflow tract, or localization of the distal anastomosis. The patency rate 6 weeks after operation was 92% for each group. After a mean follow-up of 54 months, the patency rate for the PTFE group was 37% and 70% for the saphenous vein group (p less than 0.001). In the PTFE group, there were eight major amputations. No amputations were performed in the saphenous vein group. It is concluded from this study that the saphenous vein is by far superior to PTFE as a femoropopliteal bypass. PMID- 3907552 TI - Intraoperative ultrasonography evaluation of the gallbladder in morbidly obese patients. PMID- 3907549 TI - Purified fibronectin administration to patients with severe abdominal infections. A controlled clinical trial. AB - Subnormal plasma fibronectin (Fn) levels are found in patients with severe abdominal infections (SAI). The repletion of Fn has been postulated to have therapeutic benefit by virtue of its opsonic, reticuloendothelial system (RES) stimulating effects. A controlled, prospective trial of Fn administration was performed in patients with SAI to assess its use as an adjunct to standard procedures of intensive care. Thirty-three SAI patients were given daily doses of 0.8 g of purified Fn on days 1-5 following admission to the ICU, whereas 34 control patients received no Fn. All patients received the clinical care, antibiotics, and pharmacologic agents appropriate to their individual needs. The admission status and laboratory profiles of the two patient groups (+ and -Fn) were comparable on admission to the study. No side effects of the Fn preparation were observed. As judged by subgroup averages, the Fn replacement regimen was effective in elevating Fn levels to within normal range from day 2 onwards, as measured by immunological and functional assays. The estimated intravascular recovery of Fn averaged 82% in those patients who survived, yet only 52% in the nonsurvivors. Ultimate hospital mortality was 9/33 (27.3%) in the +Fn group versus 13/34 (38.2%) in the -Fn group (p = 0.244, Fisher's exact test). Although ultimate mortality was not significantly changed by the administration of Fn, the Fn treated patients appeared to survive longer than did the control patients. This trend was confirmed through the analysis of expected survival curves (D = 3.12, 0.1 greater than p greater than 0.05). When compared to the survivors, the ultimate nonsurvivors entered the study with statistically higher group averages of bilirubin and creatinine concomitant with lower averages of Fn, antithrombin III, C4, C3, C3b-INH, and transferrin. These differences persisted throughout the 11-day monitoring period; differences between survivors and nonsurvivors with respect to platelets, plasminogen, B-1-H, alpha-2-macroglobulin, and prealbumin appeared during the same period. Dramatic differences between the +Fn and -Fn treatment groups were not seen. Other than Fn, the Fn recipients only developed higher levels of the acute phase reactants C4, C3b-INH, B-1-H and alpha-1 antitrypsin (p less than 0.05) than did their non-Fn treated counterparts. In the present study, we again found a highly significant pattern of correlations between the absolute levels as well as the changes of Fn and other plasma proteins.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3907553 TI - Studies on the sero-epidemiology of endemic diseases in Libya, IV. Malaria. AB - Indirect fluorescent antibody studies were conducted in order to determine possible risk to Libyan communities of malaria, particularly relapsing forms, as a direct result of the presence of large teams of immigrant labour. Two groups of Indians (100 and 81) indicated past exposure to relapsing malaria, measured by Plasmodium fieldi antigen, in the range 42.0-44.0%, to recent/heavy relapsing infection (12.4-19.0%) and to recent/heavy P. falciparum infection (2.5-4.0%). A non-Asian group (149) indicated 8.7, 3.4 and 2.0%, respectively. A group of native schoolboys (106) indicated a total lack of antibodies to any form of malaria. The prospect of the re-establishment of malaria transmission following successful control throughout 20 years past is considered on this basis. PMID- 3907554 TI - Epidemiological aspects and clinical implications of malaria as seen in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. AB - A review is presented of 242 patients with acute malaria seen at two hospitals in Jeddah. Jeddah should be regarded as the malaria outpost of the South Western region of Saudi Arabia since nearly all of these patients contracted the disease while travelling within that area during the previous month. Plasmodium falciparum was the predominant infection (77%). There was a marked seasonal incidence with a peak during December to April; 84% of the patients were male. In contrast to the common impression that the total white cell count is low or normal in malaria, one-third of a sample of 124 patients had a total count of at least 10 000 mm-3; approximately 40% of the patients did not have a palpable spleen. Evidence is presented to show the danger of treating patients with falciparum malaria on an out-patient basis. Ideally, all such patients should be hospitalized and observed in order to ensure effective treatment. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has many medical and paramedical personnel who have little practical experience in the diagnosis of malaria. We therefore recommend that training programmes in the laboratory diagnosis of malaria should be initiated in specialized centres in the Kingdom or abroad. PMID- 3907555 TI - Plasmodium falciparum in Madagascar: in vivo and in vitro sensitivity to seven drugs. AB - The sensitivity level of Plasmodium falciparum isolates to chloroquine and the activity of six other antimalarials were studied in the different climatic zones of Madagascar in 1983. In vivo tests were done with 10 and 25 mg kg-1 of chloroquine and amodiaquine. Early recrudescence or RII resistance was observed after treatment with 10 mg kg-1 of these drugs in 34% of the cases for chloroquine and 6.5% for amodiaquine, and after the 25 mg kg-1 dose in 7% and 0% of the cases respectively. In vitro sensitivity of 84 P. falciparum isolates to seven drugs were studied with a semi-microtest. For chloroquine, 9% of the isolates had an IC50 above 250 nM, indicating resistance. In vitro activity of piperaquine was high for all isolates except two. In vitro activity of amodiaquine, dichlorquinazine, quinine, mefloquine and halofantrine was good against all isolates (maximum IC50 was 76, 92, 560, less than or equal to 20 and less than or equal to 12 nM, respectively). Correlation between the WHO standard field test and the in vitro semi-microtest was good. Resistance of P. falciparum to chloroquine was observed in the six survey areas, but the other tested drugs showed good activity. Since no cross-resistance to 4-aminoquinolines seems to exist in Madagascar, amodiaquine (the only one available at present) should be studied as an alternative to chloroquine in the prevention and treatment of falciparum malaria in this area. PMID- 3907556 TI - The chemotherapy of rodent malaria, XXXIX. Ultrastructural changes following treatment with artemisinine of Plasmodium berghei infection in mice, with observations of the localization of [3H]-dihydroartemisinine in P. falciparum in vitro. AB - Ultrastructural changes were followed in Plasmodium berghei after the treatment of the mouse host with a single 10 mg kg-1 dose of artemisinine (qinghaosu). After 30 minutes, changes in the limiting and other membranes of the parasite were seen, together with alterations in ribosomal organization and endoplasmic reticulum. No changes were noted in digestive vacuoles or pigment, but nuclear membrane blebbing developed after one hour and segregation of the nucleoplasm after three hours. Further degenerative changes with disorganization and death occurred from eight hours onwards. The morphological changes in ribosomes and endoplasmic reticulum correlate in time with the depression in protein synthesis observed in P. falciparum in vitro. Similarly, the onset of nucleoplasmic segregation correlates with the development of nucleic acid synthesis inhibition. Tritiated reduced drug was shown to be localized in parasite membranes, indicating that changes in membrane integrity might precede the early depression of protein synthesis. Membrane association of artemisinine may be related to its amphipathic characteristics and similarity in some respects to a sterol. PMID- 3907557 TI - In vitro studies on the sensitivities of Plasmodium falciparum in Thailand to pyrimethamine and proguanil. AB - The susceptibility to pyrimethamine and proguanil of a strain of Plasmodium falciparum from Thailand was assessed by using blood from the same patient cultured by two different techniques. Irrespective of the technique used, the strain of P. falciparum appeared more sensitive to proguanil than to pyrimethamine. PMID- 3907558 TI - An improved technique for the cultivation of Plasmodium falciparum in vitro without daily medium change. AB - A simple method is described allowing growth of Plasmodium falciparum in suspension cultures with 1% outdated human erythrocytes without the need for medium change for three to four days. Depending on the initial parasitaemia, final parasitaemias of from 10% to 30% can be obtained. Growth is exponential and asynchronous with a mean multiplication rate of 7.7 +/- 1.0 (n = 5) -fold per 48 hour cycle. The method is suitable for cultivation of a wide range of laboratory strains of P. falciparum, as well as for primary isolations of clinical material. PMID- 3907559 TI - Genetic analysis of three new eye colour mutations in the mosquito, Anopheles stephensi. AB - Three new eye colour mutants, scarlet eye (wsca), red-spotted eye (prs) and pigmentless eye (p) were isolated in the malaria vector, Anopheles stephensi. Genetic analysis revealed that all three mutants are sex-linked and recessive to the wild type. Scarlet eye is allelic to white eye but is not to either red spotted eye or pigmentless eye, which are allelic to each other; 5.7% recombination was observed between the white eye and pigmentless eye loci. PMID- 3907560 TI - Closure of the lower end of the esophagus following esophagectomy. AB - Carcinoma of the middle third of the esophagus remains a major technical challenge in surgery. A speedy and safe method for dealing with the lower esophageal stump is described. After mobilization, the lower esophagus is denuded of its muscular fibers; the remaining mucosal tube is ligated and invaginated into the cardia by a pursestring suture. PMID- 3907561 TI - A sterile, delayed-closure technique for placement of a left ventricular assist device. AB - A simplified technique of left ventricular assist device placement using Silastic sheeting attached to the presternal fascia and skin is described. This technique allows viewing of cardiac action and prevents cardiac compression by sternal closure. Removal of the assist device is simple because the sternum does not have to be reopened. PMID- 3907562 TI - Follow-up on suture knot fusion. PMID- 3907563 TI - Hemorrhagic colitis with Escherichia coli O157:H7 preceding adult hemolytic uremic syndrome. AB - Escherichia coli serotype O157:H7 is a rarely identified organism that has recently been associated with hemorrhagic colitis in all age groups and with the hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) in children. We now report the development of HUS in two young women following enteric infection with E coli O157:H7. Both patients were hospitalized because of the severity of their colitis. They later developed major hemolysis requiring transfusion and significant renal failure requiring, in one case, hemodialysis. One patient underwent laparotomy, where sterile ascites, marked right colonic edema, and intraserosal hemorrhage were noted. Both women survived and are currently improving. Fecal E coli serotype O157:H7 was sought only after routine cultures were negative and features of HUS were recognized. The search for the E coli was facilitated by the continued availability of stool cultures obtained early in the course of the illness. The source of infection was not ascertained, but ingestion of untreated water was a feature of both cases. The HUS is a potential complication of the hemorrhagic colitis associated with E coli serotype O157:H7 and may develop in adults as well as children following enteric infection with this organism. PMID- 3907564 TI - Progress in cardiac pacing. Part II. PMID- 3907565 TI - Group B streptococcal infective endocarditis. PMID- 3907567 TI - Candida resistant to nystatin becomes sensitive upon culture with ergosterol. PMID- 3907566 TI - Electronic microscopy of ischemic and protected myocardium. Study in rats. PMID- 3907569 TI - Primary infrapapillary carcinoma of the duodenum: report of a case. PMID- 3907568 TI - Effect of Plantago psyllium mucilage on the glucose tolerance test. PMID- 3907570 TI - Fungal metabolism and detoxification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. AB - The mutagenic activity of ethyl acetate extracts of culture medium from Cunninghamella elegans incubated 72 h with various polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was evaluated in the Salmonella typhimurium reversion assay. All of the PAH extracts were assayed in tester strains TA98 and TA100 both with and without metabolic activation using a liver fraction from Aroclor 1254-treated rats. None of the extracts from fungal incubations with the mutagenic PAHs, benzo[a]pyrene, 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene, 3-methylcholanthrene and benz[a]anthracene, as well as the non-mutagenic PAHs, naphthalene, phenanthrene and anthracene, displayed any appreciable mutagenic activity. In addition, time course experiments indicated that the rate of decrease in mutagenic activity in the extracts from cultures incubated with benzo[a]pyrene or 7,12 dimethylbenz[a]anthracene was coincident with the rate of increase in total metabolism. The results demonstrated the ability of the fungus C. elegans to detoxify known carcinogens and mutagens and suggests that this organism may play an important role in the metabolism and inactivation of PAHs in the environment. PMID- 3907572 TI - [Epidemiologic aspects of essential tremor]. PMID- 3907573 TI - [75 years of the Riems Island Friedrich Loeffler Institute--75 years of veterinary research and vaccine production]. PMID- 3907571 TI - The functional significance of glucose dehydrogenase in Klebsiella aerogenes. AB - In order to assess the functional significance of the quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase recently found to be present in K+ -limited Klebsiella aerogenes, a broad study was made of the influence of specific environmental conditions on the cellular content of this enzyme. Whereas high activities were manifest in cells from glucose containing chemostat cultures that were either potassium- or phosphate-limited, only low activities were apparent in cells from similar cultures that were either glucose-, sulphate- or ammonia-limited. With these latter two cultures, a marked increase in glucose dehydrogenase activity was observed when 2,4-dinitrophenol (1 mM end concentration) was added to the growth medium. These results suggested that the synthesis of glucose dehydrogenase is not regulated by the level of glucose in the growth medium, but possibly by conditions that imposed an energetic stress upon the cells. This conclusion was further supported by a subsequent finding that K+ -limited cells that were growing on glycerol also synthesized substantial amounts of glucose dehydrogenase. The enzyme was found to be membrane associated, and preliminary evidence has been obtained that it is located on the periplasmic side of the cytoplasmic membrane and functionally linked to the respiratory chain. This structural and functional orientation is consistent with glucose dehydrogenase serving as a low impedance energy generating system. PMID- 3907574 TI - [Friedrich Loeffler as a founder of virology]. PMID- 3907575 TI - [75 years of foot-and-mouth disease research on Riems Island]. PMID- 3907576 TI - [Value of echography in the diagnosis of hematomas of the digestive tract wall in rheumatoid purpura]. AB - Three cases of Henoch-Schonlein purpura with intramural hematoma of the duodenum, jejunum or colon are reported. In the first 2 cases, there was complete agreement between the X-ray and ultrasonographic data: multiple thumb print defects and irregular narrowing of the digestive lumen, and thickening of the intestinal wall, respectively. Ultrasonography was the only investigation performed in the third case. Finally, in 2 of 3 cases an exudative enteropathy of unclear mechanism was discovered. PMID- 3907577 TI - [Treatment of hyaline membrane disease by administration of exogenous surfactant]. PMID- 3907578 TI - [Ultrasonic diagnosis of periventricular leukomalacia in premature infants]. AB - The ultrasonographic study through the fontanelle of 192 children below 33 weeks of age and surviving after the neonatal period led to the diagnosis of leukomalacia by identifying anechogenic cavities in the periventricular area in 7 cases. Clinical pictures were not characteristic. Important electro encephalographic changes were constantly found, even before the occurrence of sonographic signs. Although non specific they are still suggestive when associated hemorrhage is not present. With these criteria, diagnosis seems to be correlated with severe neurologic prognosis. Its interest and chronology warrant the extension of the ultrasonographic supervision of severely immature infants up to the end of the second month. PMID- 3907579 TI - Treatment outcome validation of DSM-III depressive subtypes. Clinical usefulness in outpatients with mild to moderate depression. AB - An algorithm for transcribing Research Diagnostic Criteria diagnoses for depressive disorders to similar categories in the DSM-III was applied to 103 depressed outpatients previously diagnosed by Research Diagnostic Criteria. All had Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scores of 18 or less. Among 64 patients completing a six-week, double-blind study comparing desipramine hydrochloride with placebo, desipramine was significantly more effective than placebo in patients with DSM-III major depression but not in those with dysthymic disorder. Among patients with major depression, a significant drug-placebo response difference was demonstrated even in those without melancholia. These findings support the clinical usefulness of the DSM-III in the treatment of depressed outpatients. Independent of DSM-III diagnosis, however, evidence of panic attacks seemed to identify patients who benefited from desipramine therapy. This suggests that the DSM-III hierarchy, which excludes consideration of panic in patients with major depression, may require revision. PMID- 3907580 TI - Alprazolam vs amitriptyline in depressions with reduced REM latencies. AB - This study was designed to compare the antidepressant effects of alprazolam, a triazolobenzodiazepine, with amitriptyline hydrochloride in a group of patients with nonpsychotic, major depressions diagnosed by Research Diagnostic Criteria. A mean rapid eye movement latency of less than 65 minutes was required to enter this study. Dexamethasone suppression tests were conducted before treatment. By strictly applied Research Diagnostic Criteria, 83.6% of the subjects were endogenous, and 34.7% were inpatients. A significantly greater percentage of alprazolam-treated patients responded within the first seven days of treatment. By the end of this six-week trial, alprazolam was associated with significant reductions in Hamilton, Beck, Covi, Raskin, and Carroll Rating scores (pretreatment to posttreatment). However, by the end of treatment the effects of amitriptyline exceeded those of alprazolam on both the Hamilton and Beck scales. These data indicate that alprazolam is not as effective as amitriptyline in major depressions with a shortened rapid eye movement latency. PMID- 3907581 TI - [Polish physicians--alumni of Vienna University. I. (A-E)]. PMID- 3907582 TI - [Warsaw military hospitals during the November Uprising. III. 8. Hospital in Krzeminski house]. PMID- 3907583 TI - [Teofil Tugendhold as pharmacy historian]. PMID- 3907584 TI - [Xylems, bark and involucres sold in Gdansk pharmacies in the 17th century (data based on the fixed price of drugs in 1668]. PMID- 3907585 TI - [Problems of teaching naval medicine in Poland]. PMID- 3907586 TI - The President's cancer, the Dukes classification, and confusion. PMID- 3907587 TI - Accuracy in clinical chemistry. The roles of definitive methods and Roger K. Gilbert. PMID- 3907588 TI - Cyclosporine measurement in transplantation. AB - Use of cyclosporine is a major breakthrough in immunosuppressive therapy for organ transplantation. Critical to its success, however, is the availability of regular and frequent measurements of the blood levels of the drug. Radioimmunoassay and/or high-pressure liquid chromatography may be employed for this analysis. Radioimmunoassay measures the parent molecule together with its metabolites, whereas high-pressure liquid chromatography measures only the parent drug, which indicates that clinical and laboratory experience, as well as an understanding of methodology, are necessary for the interpretation of cyclosporine levels. PMID- 3907589 TI - Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy following typhoid AB vaccination and terminating in disseminated infection. AB - Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy (AIL) followed typhoid AB vaccination in a patient whose subsequent clinical course was rapidly progressive. At autopsy, extensive lymphadenopathy with features characteristic of AIL and disseminated infection with Escherichia coli, Candida, and Aspergillus were seen. Vaccination is a presumptive precipitating factor in AIL. PMID- 3907590 TI - Reversible and irreversible inhibition of rat brain muscarinic receptors is related to different substitutions on bisquaternary pyridinium oximes. AB - The role of the functional substituents on the pyridinium ring of bisquaternary pyridinium compounds, mostly oximes, in exerting reversible and irreversible inhibition of binding of [3H]-N-methyl-4-piperidyl benzilate [( 3H]-4NMPB) to rat brain stem muscarinic receptors was studied. The drugs tested, i.e. HGG-42, HGG 12, HGG-52, HI-6, obidoxim, SAD-128 and TMB-4, could reversibly inhibit binding of [3H]-4NMPB, with the highest potency (KI = 1.7 - 6 microM) exhibited by analogs possessing hydrophobic substituents at position 3 or 4 of the pyridinium ring. Bisquaternary drugs possessing an oxime moiety at position 2, but not at position 4 of the pyridinium ring, could also induce about 30% reduction of maximal binding capacity (Bmax) (loss of muscarinic receptors) in addition to their reversible effect. Thus the structural correlates of the reversible and the irreversible effects of these drugs are different. PMID- 3907591 TI - Morphological transformation of Syrian hamster embryo fibroblasts by the anabolic agent trenbolone. AB - Trenbolone (TBOH), a synthetic androgen used as an anabolic agent in livestock, has been tested for mutagenicity in the Salmonella assay, for covalent DNA binding in vitro, for induction of unscheduled DNA synthesis in HeLa cells and Syrian hamster embryo (SHE) fibroblasts and for morphological transformation of SHE cells. While TBOH gave negative results in the assays for mutagenicity and DNA damage, it was clearly capable of transforming SHE cells in culture. The natural androgen testosterone did not transform these cells. Thus, TBOH appears to be a substance which can transform cells independent of its hormonal action and without grossly damaging DNA. PMID- 3907592 TI - [Evaluation of the nonspecific resistance of diffuse peritonitis patients by using a lysosomal-cation test and indices of leukocyte phagocytic activity]. AB - Non-specific resistance (NSR) of patients with widespread peritonitis was studied during various stages of the disease: the lysosomal-cation test (LCT) and indexes of phagocytic activity of leucocytes (PAL) were used for the assessment of NSR. The peritonitis stages were determined clinically and by morphological examination of peritoneum biopsies removed during the operation. Different dynamics of LCT and PAL in the patients' blood is revealed depending on the disease stage and clinical postoperative course. LCT is shown to be moderately reduced in the reactive stage, it is progressively decreasing during toxic and terminal stages of the disease. LCT increase and PAL decrease in the postoperative period are characteristic of the benign course of the disease. Negative dynamics of LCT and PAL is noted in patients with a grave course of peritonitis and in cases of postoperative complications. The authors believe that LCT in conjunction with PAL may be used in clinics for the disease prognosis and assessment of the therapy efficiency. PMID- 3907593 TI - [Prof. T. P. Vinogradova (1894-1982)]. PMID- 3907594 TI - [Vessels of the macro- and microcirculatory bed of the heart in the early developmental stage of acute myocardial infarct viewed by angioroentgenology, histology and electron microscopy]. AB - A report is based on the investigation of the hearts of persons who died at an early ischemic (up to twenty-four hours) stage of the acute myocardial infarction studied under the light microscope (39 cases) and at the ultrastructural level (5 cases). An original technique of the combined filling of the macro- and microvascular bed was applied as well as the intravascular silver impregnation and special histologic methods for detection of the early lesions of cardiomyocytes were used in some cases. The interrelationship and sequence of lesions of the coronary arteries and vessels of the cardiac microcirculatory bed are shown. The lesions of microvessels bear mainly a secondary character and depend upon the duration of myocardial infarction, its dimensions and its deepness. The ultrastructural alterations of microvessels are characterized by the heterogeneity and dependence on the degree and character of the cardiomyocyte lesion. A morphological estimation of the compensatory-adaptive alterations in the cardiac vascular bed at the early stages of myocardial infarction development is given. PMID- 3907596 TI - [Nomenclature of cells participating in antibody formation (immunoblasts and immunocytes)]. PMID- 3907595 TI - [Methods of treating tissues with subsequent embedding in paraffin]. AB - Two methods of tissue processing with subsequent embedding into paraffin are proposed. In the first method a mixture of 70% of gum turpentine and 30% oleoresin is used as the main solution. In the second one a mixture of gum turpentine, castor oil and cedar balm is used as the main solution. The treatment of the tissue pieces takes 23 hours. These methods permit avoiding the artifacts connected with tissue dehydration and obtaining histological slides of a high quality. PMID- 3907597 TI - [New type of wound infection and sepsis caused by the marine vibrio V. vulnificus]. AB - A review is presented on the new type of infection produced by V. vulnificus and manifested by a wound infection and sepsis. Geographical distribution, routes of infection and clinico-anatomical manifestations are described. The importance of liver damage and conditions followed by the increase of the iron content in the blood for the development of V. vulnificus sepsis are evaluated. PMID- 3907598 TI - [Cytological classification of bone tumors]. AB - The creation of a classification is a first need for the improvement of the cytological diagnosis. The cytologic classification of bone tumours is worked out on the basis of the International Histological Classification. The possibilities and limitations of the cytologic method are taken into consideration. A brief description of all nosological entities mentioned in the classification is given. PMID- 3907599 TI - [Immunohistochemical study of human breast tumors using monoclonal antibodies to intermediate filament proteins (nonproliferating epithelial structures in breast dysplasia)]. AB - An immunohistochemical analysis of nonproliferating epithelial structures was carried out in 10 samples of human breast dysplasia and in 4 samples of tissue surrounding mammary gland carcinoma. Monoclonal mouse antibodies against individual prekeratins of rat monolayer epithelial antibodies of clone C12 against rat prekeratin with the molecular mass 49 kilodalton and antibodies of clone E3 against rat prekeratin with the molecular mass 40 kilodalton-monoclonal antibodies against vimentin (clone 30), as well as polyclonal antibodies against smooth muscle myosin and against the basement membrane glycoprotein laminin were used. The lining epithelium of all glandular structures reacted only with C12 antibodies. Two variants of myoepithelial cells containing myosin were detected. Variant I contains myosin and vimentin and is localized in intralobular ducts. Variant 2 contains myosin and prekeratin, recognized by E3 antibodies and is found in extralobular ducts. PMID- 3907600 TI - [Pathological anatomy of Lennert's lymphoma]. AB - Characterization of Lennert's lymphoma morphological substrate is given on the basis of analysis of 32 biopsies (from 22 patients) and 6 autopsy cases studied histologically, histochemically and immunomorphologically. Morphological features of a progressing disease and transformation into the immunoblastic lymphosarcoma are described. The "prelymphomatous" nature of Lennert's lymphoma is suggested taking into consideration morphofunctional characteristics of the infiltrate cells, transitory properties of peculiar morphological changes and a frequent outcome into the immunoblastic lymphosarcoma of a B-cell genesis. PMID- 3907601 TI - [Clinical cancer morphology (the current status of the problem and the paths for its further development). Formal speech presented 15 April 1985 at the All-Union Cancer Research Center of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR]. PMID- 3907602 TI - [Histiocytic proliferative diseases]. AB - Proliferation of the mononuclear phagocyte system cells is the basis for histiocytic proliferative conditions (malignant histiocytosis, histiocytic "reticulosarcoma" histiocytosis X). Cells of the phagocytosing histiocyte type proliferate in malignant histiocytosis and histiocytic "reticulosarcoma), cells of the Langerhans type proliferate in histiocytosis X. According to Rappaport's classification of 1966, histiocytic "reticulosarcoma" is separated from the heterogeneous group of diffuse histiocytic lymphomas. Its morphological picture is non-distinguishable from that of malignant histiocytosis, particularly at the stage of generalization. The Letterer-Siwe disease due to its course, prognosis and special therapeutical approach should be separated from the group of conditions combined under the term "histiocytosis". PMID- 3907603 TI - Oversized donor grafts in penetrating keratoplasty. A randomized trial. AB - One hundred seventy-three aphakic or phakic corneal transplants were analyzed in a prospective randomized study to determine the effect of oversized corneal donor buttons on intraocular pressure, corneal curvature and astigmatism, wound dehiscence, and anterior chamber depth. We compared 93 oversized grafts with 80 same-sized grafts. In aphakic eyes, oversized grafts showed a trend toward lower incidence of elevated intraocular pressure during the early post-operative period and lower prevalence of glaucoma at the final visit, although this was not statistically significant. No such trends were seen in phakic eyes. Postoperative corneal curvature was significantly steeper in oversized than same-sized grafts, in both phakic and aphakic eyes; there was no difference in postoperative astigmatism. Anterior chamber depth was significantly greater in oversized grafts. Of four wound dehiscences, all occurred in same-sized grafts. PMID- 3907604 TI - An evaluation of ultrastrong polyethylene fiber as an ophthalmic suture. AB - An ultrastrong polyethylene fiber was evaluated as an ophthalmic suture. Properties of this fiber and of nylon, polypropylene, and polyester sutures were measured by standard techniques for fiber testing and for testing knot characteristics of sutures. Their behavior in cataract and keratoplasty surgery was assessed qualitatively. The ultrastrong polyethylene fiber has great tensile strength, high flexibility, and is very inelastic. Its strength and knot security provide safe incision closure and it has good biocompatibility. Ultrastrong polyethylene fiber is potentially superior to nylon, polypropylene, and polyester in the most important characteristics of a non-absorbable monofilament polymer ophthalmic microsuture. PMID- 3907605 TI - Distribution of gentamicin by immunofluorescence in the guinea pig inner ear. AB - We studied the distribution of gentamicin in the inner ear, brain and kidney of the guinea pig following intraperitoneal administration or perfusion of gentamicin through the perilymphatic space. The resulting histopathological changes were examined by immunofluorescence using antigentamicin antiserum. After perfusion of gentamicin through the perilymphatic space, specific fluorescence was found in the cochlea, and was especially prominent in the outer hair cells, basilar membrane and basilar crest. Although no fluorescence was observed in the cochlea following intraperitoneal administration of high doses of gentamicin, type I hair cells in the vestibule were seen to be selectively stained with the antibody. Furthermore, some of the vestibular ganglion cells, Purkinje cells and unidentified nuclei in the brain stem were also stained. In particular, fine granules showing relatively intense fluorescence were recognized in the cytoplasm of the stained cells. In the cortex of kidney, only proximal tubular cells were stained with intense fluorescence. Our results suggest that the aminoglycoside antibiotics have two sites of action: one is the cell membrane of the sensory hair cells and the other is the cytoplasm. PMID- 3907606 TI - George Lyman Duff memorial lecture. Role of the liver in atherosclerosis. PMID- 3907607 TI - Malignant lymphoma in unusual areas of the head and neck: parapharyngeal space and temporal fossa. AB - Primary malignant lymphomas of the parapharyngeal space are rare and only 28 cases are known to have been reported. No case of malignant lymphoma arising in the temporal fossa has been previously documented. The present paper reports a case of primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the parapharyngeal space in a child and two cases of lymphoma of the temporal fossa in adults. All three cases were diagnosed histopathologically from biopsy specimens as diffuse, B-cell lymphomas. For diagnosis, inspection and bimanual palpation were most important in the parapharyngeal case and the temporal cases required more than one biopsy for the final diagnosis. PMID- 3907608 TI - Intraventricular haemorrhage. PMID- 3907609 TI - The role of ultrasound in renal transplant management. PMID- 3907610 TI - The place of ultrasound in suspect early ectopic pregnancy. PMID- 3907611 TI - The carotid bruit: is it a useful sign of vessel disease? A clinical and digital angiographic study. PMID- 3907612 TI - Comparative pharmacokinetics of antifungal drugs in domestic turkeys, red-tailed hawks, broad-winged hawks, and great-horned owls. AB - The present research was to test in vitro activity of thiabendazole, 5 fluorocytosine, and amphotericin B against 11 isolates of Aspergillus fumigatus from avian species. Additionally, the plasma concentrations of these drugs were determined in four avian species given a range of dosages by oral, intravenous, and intratracheal routes. Thiabendazole inhibited most isolates in vitro at concentrations between 25 and 50 micrograms/ml; however, there were no detectable inhibitory concentrations in the plasma of any species at any of the doses. The arithmetic mean minimum inhibitory in vitro concentration for 5-fluorocytosine against the 11 Aspergillus isolates was 2.73 micrograms/ml. Inhibitory concentrations of 5-fluorocytosine were found 2 and 6 hours post-administration in all species when given oral doses of 30 or 60 mg/kg as a single dose or when given three divided doses a day totaling 120 mg/kg. No inhibitory concentrations were found 24 hours post-administration. Inhibitory concentrations of amphotericin B were found only 2 and 6 hours post-administration in birds receiving three doses of 1.5 mg/kg at 2-hour intervals. The arithmetic mean minimum inhibitory in vitro concentration for amphotericin B against 11 isolates of A. fumigatus was 0.81 micrograms/ml. PMID- 3907613 TI - Colibacillosis of turkeys exacerbated by hemorrhagic enteritis virus. Laboratory studies. AB - Lesions typical of colibacillosis disease were reproduced in laboratory experiments. Mortality resulting from experimentally produced colibacillosis was significantly increased when Escherichia coli O1:K1 was presented to poults that had been orally inoculated with hemorrhagic enteritis virus (HEV) 1 week earlier. These and previous data suggest that HEV infection can exacerbate colibacillosis of older poults. HEV infection apparently damages the poults' defense system enough to account for the observed increase in susceptibility to E. coli. PMID- 3907614 TI - Blood pressure and plasma renin activity as predictors of orthostatic intolerance. AB - Some physiological responses to head-up tilt and 3 h standing were evaluated in 13 dehydrated subjects. Seven of the subjects proved to be orthostatically intolerant (INT), exhibiting presyncopal symptoms. Before the symptoms manifest themselves the INT subjects had consistently lower (p less than 0.05) systolic blood pressures, generally lower diastolic and pulse pressures, and elevated (p less than 0.05) plasma renin activity (PRA) compared to the tolerant (TOL) subjects. Plasma vasopressin usually increased more in the INT subjects, but appeared to be related to the severity of presyncopal symptoms rather than to the upright posture per se. It is concluded that systolic and pulse pressures, with PRA, may allow discrimination between TOL, and potentially INT individuals; i.e., predict orthostatic intolerance. It is suggested that dehydration could provide a valuable physiological model for elucidating the causes of orthostatic intolerance. PMID- 3907615 TI - Physiological reflections of mental workload. AB - Studies reporting physiological responses as reflections of mental workload are reviewed briefly. The differing measures are located in a two-dimensional space whose axes represent first, practical application and second, relevance to actual central nervous system activity as viewed from spatial and systemic congruence. Traditional methods such as those using heart rate are identified as the most practical current measures, while evoked cortical potentials emerge as superior upon the latter axis. The potential of auditory canal temperature as an optimal composite measure is explored. PMID- 3907616 TI - Tinnitus: differential effects of therapy in a single case. PMID- 3907617 TI - Paradoxical intention in the treatment of chronic insomnia: six case studies illustrating variability in therapeutic response. PMID- 3907618 TI - Some structural and functional aspects of endothelial cells. AB - Contrary to our former belief, endothelial cells can no longer be classified as a homogeneous cell population which, as a living border layer between the blood and the extravascular space, serves exclusively as a selective filter. The technique of routinely culturing endothelial cells from various sources has provided new insights into an unexpected multitude of synthetic and metabolic capacities of these cells, such as the degradation of arachidonic acid, the enzymatic activation of angiotensin I, and many others. However, many of these results are still contradictory, and therefore make any critical review of the data almost impossible. Some examples for this are briefly outlined in this contribution. Irrespective of this, these new results have to be taken into account, although the possibly high specificity of the endothelium will render the interpretation of future data, particularly those obtained from animal models, much more difficult. However, a simple neglect of these complexities would be disastrous for all future endothelial research. PMID- 3907619 TI - [Chondrodystrophia punctata--historical clinical review with special reference to chondrodysplasia punctata embryopathica]. PMID- 3907620 TI - [Etiology and immunotherapy of bacterial dermatitis--an experiment]. PMID- 3907621 TI - [Quantitative determination of enterobacteriaceae in foods--anaerobic incubation, no oxidase test]. PMID- 3907623 TI - Address at the 50th anniversary of the Research Institute for Microbial Diseases Osaka University. PMID- 3907622 TI - [Current findings in the chemotherapy of varroatosis]. PMID- 3907624 TI - Specific identification of tissue kallikrein in exocrine tissues and in cell-free translation products with monoclonal antibodies. AB - A panel of six mouse monoclonal antibodies (IgG1) has been prepared against purified rat urinary kallikrein (EC 3.4.21.35) and characterized. In radioimmunoassay, the antibody titres of ascitic fluid giving 50% binding to 125I kallikrein range from 1:2 X 10(3) to 1:1 X 10(6). Antibodies from four of the clones show no cross-reactivity with human urinary kallikrein, rat urinary esterase A or tonin. However, antibodies from a fifth clone cross-react with tonin and, from a sixth, with both urinary esterase A and tonin. Three of the kallikrein affinity-purified monoclonal antibodies inhibited, whereas one of the antibodies stimulated, kallikrein activity. Tissue kallikrein from rat submandibular-gland and pancreatic extracts and urine were labelled with [14C]di isopropyl phosphofluoridate, immunoprecipitated with each of the six monoclonal antibodies and identified to be 38 kDa proteins, similar in size to purified rat urinary kallikrein. Western-blot analysis shows that 125I-labelled kallikrein monoclonal antibodies (V4D11) bind directly to a 38 kDa protein in submandibular gland and pancreatic extracts and urine. Cell-free translation products of submandibular-gland polyadenylylated[poly(A)+]mRNA were immunoprecipitated with affinity-purified sheep anti-kallikrein antibodies and three monoclonal antibodies (V4D11, V4G6 and V1C3). Sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis of these immunoprecipitates revealed that two kallikrein precursors with Mr values of 37 000 and 35 000 are encoded by submandibular-gland mRNA. The third monoclonal antibody, V1C3, which binds to active kallikrein, did not recognize either precursor form. Collectively, the data show that these monoclonal antibodies comprise a set of powerful and specific reagents for studies of tissue kallikreins. PMID- 3907625 TI - Electron transfer to nitrogenase in Klebsiella pneumoniae. nifF gene cloned and the gene product, a flavodoxin, purified. AB - The nifF gene of Klebsiella pneumoniae was cloned into a multicopy plasmid in order to construct a strain that synthesizes and retains an elevated concentration of the gene product relative to the wild-type strain. Characterization of the isolated flavodoxin, which serves as an electron donor to nitrogenase, shows unambiguously that it is the product of the nifF gene. PMID- 3907627 TI - Nomenclature: a possible solution to the 'peptidase anomaly'. PMID- 3907626 TI - The selectivity of action of the aspartic-proteinase inhibitor IA3 from yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). AB - The ability of the aspartic-proteinase inhibitor IA3 from yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) to affect the activities of a range of mammalian and microbial aspartic proteinases was examined. The inhibitor appeared to be completely selective in that only the aspartic proteinase A from yeast was inhibited to any significant extent. IA3 thus represents the first example of a totally specific, naturally occurring, aspartic-proteinase inhibitor. PMID- 3907628 TI - Immunological evidence that inactive renin is prorenin. AB - Antibody raised to a synthetic dodecapeptide, corresponding to the C-terminal portion of the human renin pro-segment, was tested for its ability to recognize highly purified human inactive or active (mature) renins; immune complexes were detected by precipitation with protein A-Sepharose. Serial antibody dilutions caused identical binding of renal or plasma inactive renins but failed to bind active renin. In contrast, antibody to active renin recognized both active and inactive forms. Reversible acid activation of inactive renin enhanced its binding to the anti-prorenin antibody, whereas irreversible trypsin activation significantly reduced binding. Binding was abolished following prolonged exposure to trypsin or if inactive renin was acidified prior to trypsin treatment. These results indicate that inactive renin shares immunochemical determinants with prorenin; they suggest that acidification alters the conformation of the pro segment and that trypsin can convert the molecule both to fully mature renin and to intermediate form(s). PMID- 3907629 TI - Dense distribution of nuclear alkaline protease to nucleoli with increase in rapidly growing cells in rats. AB - Neutral and alkaline proteases (chymotrypsin-like serine proteases) are tightly bound to chromatin in nuclei of various tissues of rats, and rapidly growing cells are abundant in the latter enzyme. Activities per mg DNA of these enzymes were measured with fractions of euchromatin, heterochromatin, nucleoli and extranucleoli from normal and regenerating livers, and Rhodamine sarcoma. With normal liver, both enzymes, respectively, were almost evenly distributed among the fractions, except that alkaline protease was significantly higher in nucleoli. The nucleolar alkaline protease increased by 30-60% with regenerating liver and by higher than 100% with the tumor. PMID- 3907630 TI - The role of adenine nucleotide translocation in the energization of the inner membrane of mitochondria isolated from rho + and rho degree strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - The energization of rho + and rho degrees isolated mitochondria was measured using a tetraphenylphosphonium selective electrode. In both strains translocase mediated ATP/ADP exchange energization was observed. This energization was more sensitive to uncoupler than that induced by respiration in rho + mitochondria. This observation is in accordance with the hypersensitivity of rho - cell growth to uncoupler. PMID- 3907631 TI - Specific recognition of altered polypeptides by widely distributed methyltransferases. AB - Protein carboxyl methyltransferase activity has been detected in extracts prepared from bacterial cells (Salmonella typhimurium), amphibian (Xenopus laevis) oocytes, and transformed mammalian cell lines. This activity appears to specifically recognize altered aspartyl residues based on the observation that the synthetic peptide L-Val-L-Tyr-L-Pro-L-isoAsp-Gly-L-Ala is a good methyl accepting substrate for the methyltransferase activity, but that the corresponding peptide containing a normal L-aspartyl residue is not. These activities are similar to those of the previously described human erythrocyte and bovine brain enzymes which catalyze the formation of polypeptide D-aspartyl beta methyl esters and L-isoaspartyl alpha-methyl esters. The wide distribution of these enzymatic activites suggest that the methylation of atypical proteins is an essential function in cells. PMID- 3907632 TI - Site-directed mutagenesis of aspartate aminotransferase from E. coli. AB - The gene for aspartate aminotransferase from E. coli (aspC) was subcloned into M13 phage and sequenced using the Sanger dideoxy method with synthetic oligonucleotide primers. A mutant gene was constructed using site-directed mutagenesis techniques in which the codon for the lysine that forms the Schiffs base with pyridoxal phosphate was replaced with one coding for alanine. The mutant gene was expressed under control of the Tac promoter to overproduce a mutant protein lacking enzymatic activity. PMID- 3907633 TI - Bryostatins: potent, new mitogens that mimic phorbol ester tumor promoters. AB - Bryostatins (2 ng/ml), when combined with insulin in serum-free culture medium, are strongly mitogenic for Swiss 3T3 cells that have been arrested in the G1/G0 phase of the cell cycle. The mitogenic effect of the bryostatins is similar to that of 12-O-decanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). A prior treatment of the cultures with TPA eliminated the mitogenic response to bryostatin and to a second addition of TPA. Conversely, a prior treatment of the cultures with bryostatin eliminated the mitogenic response to TPA. Bryostatin potently inhibited the binding of [3H]phorbol dibutyrate to a high affinity receptor in the cells. The findings suggest that the bryostatins and TPA act via the same receptor, possibly protein kinase C. PMID- 3907634 TI - Aromatic amino acid aminotransferase of Escherichia coli: nucleotide sequence of the tyrB gene. AB - The tyrB gene of E. coli K-12, which encodes aromatic amino acid aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.57) was cloned. The nucleotide sequence of about 2 kilobase pairs containing the gene was determined. The coding region of the tyrB gene and the deduced amino acid sequence revealed that the aromatic amino acid aminotransferase of E. coli is homologous with the aspartate aminotransferase. PMID- 3907635 TI - Protein blotting through a detergent layer, a simple method for detecting integral membrane proteins separated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. AB - To selectively detect amphiphilic proteins from a mixture of proteins separated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the gel was electro-blotted through another polyacrylamide gel containing a non-ionic detergent (NP40) onto a nylon membrane filter. Most soluble proteins of E. coli passed through the detergent containing gel, whereas a major fraction of the proteins from the cytoplasmic (inner) membrane, including the lactose and melibiose carrier proteins, were trapped in the detergent layer. The major outer membrane proteins, OmpA, OmpF and LamB, partitioned to the detergent layer only when solubilized at low temperature which avoids complete denaturation. This simple procedure, termed "detergent blotting", should have wide application in the study of integral membrane proteins. PMID- 3907636 TI - Early stimulation of ATP turnover by EGF + insulin. Relation to external pH and Na+/H+ exchange system. AB - We previously shown a rapid increase in ATP turnover after addition of epidermal growth factor and insulin to quiescent 3T3 cell cultures. Here, the relationship between this increase in ATP turnover and the activation by growth factors of Na+/H+ and Na+/K+ exchange systems was studied. Our results show that alkalinization of the medium enhances ATP turnover but they do not support the assumption that stimulation by growth factors of the Na+/H+ exchange induces an increase in ATP turnover since this increase was not inhibited by amiloride. Conversely, when ATP synthesis was abolished, the increase, in intracellular pH, by growth factors, was significantly decreased. PMID- 3907637 TI - Ribonucleotide reductase: an intracellular target for the male antifertility agent, gossypol. AB - Gossypol is a yellow phenolic compound which reversibly inhibits spermatogenesis making it one of the few effective male antifertility drugs. The cytotoxic effects of gossypol have been associated with its ability to irreversibly inhibit DNA synthesis by a previously unknown mechanism. The results of this study indicate that gossypol is a potent inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase the rate limiting enzyme activity in DNA synthesis. Furthermore, in agreement with these enzyme studies, DNA synthesis in a hydroxyurea resistant cell line with high levels of ribonucleotide reductase activity showed increased resistance to gossypol when compared to wild type cells with normal levels of reductase activity. Ribonucleotide reductase is the first specific site of action documented for gossypol which can explain its recently described antiproliferative, cell cycle and toxic effects. PMID- 3907638 TI - [Clinical double blind study with the calcium antagonist flunarizine cerebral circulatory disturbances]. AB - In a clinically controlled double-blind study the effect of flunarizine (Sibelium) was compared with that of placebo in patients with involutional depression (WHO's International Classification of Diseases (ICD No. 296.0) and with cerebral circulatory disturbances (ICD No. 293.1). Effectiveness was objectified with the aid of the Clinical Global Impression test (CGI), the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), the Nurses' Observation Scale for Inpatient Evaluation (NOSIE), and the "wellbeing tests" Bf-S and Bf-S'. Duration of treatment was 6 weeks. 32 patients were available for the final evaluation. In a combination of the good to excellent results considered as effective and the moderate to unsatisfactory results considered as ineffective the 82% rate of improvement in favour of the cerebral Ca2+ antagonist flunarizine was significantly superior to the 26% reached in the placebo group. The correlation with the psychopathometric tests has been proved. The medication was shown to be well tolerated. Side-effects did not appear. The mechanisms of action of the cerebral Ca2+ antagonist are discussed. PMID- 3907639 TI - [Double blind study of the hypoxia protective effect of a standardized Ginkgo biloba preparation after repeated administration in healthy subjects]. AB - A randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover study was run in 8 healthy, male subjects (mean age 27.3 +/- 2.6 years, mean BW 75.3 +/- 9.7 kg) to demonstrate a possible hypoxia-protective effect of standardised Ginkgo flavone glycosides after subchronical administration. After a 14-days' treatment with Ginkgo bilobae extract (Tebonin) performance of subjects was studied--concerning assessments of oculomotor and complex choice reaction system as well as simple cardiorespiratory parameters under multiple exposure to hypoxic hypoxia (10.5% oxygen, 89.5% nitrogen)--using oculodynamic methodology (ODT). Hypoxia increased the corneoretinal resting-potential of the eye and stimulated respiration. Both parameters were significantly reduced by verum administration. Under cumulative exposure to hypoxic hypoxia fixation time of saccadic eye movements and complex choice reaction time were significantly improved by Ginkgo flavone glycosides vs placebo. These results could be explained as a hypoxia-protective phenomenon- supporting the therapy of cerebral insufficiency. PMID- 3907640 TI - [Novel quantitative assessment of the tremorogenic effects of the beta 2-mimetics clenbuterol and salbutamol after oral administration]. AB - A pharmacodynamic study was run in 12 healthy volunteers (4 male, 8 female, mean age 33.3 years, mean body-weight 60.8 kg) to demonstrate a dose- and time effectiveness dependency for a beta 2-mimetic drug (clenbuterol, Spiropent) versus salbutamol and placebo as reference. A newly developed 3-dimensional tremormeter was introduced in this randomised double-blind/6-way/cross-over study. The shape of the induced tremor effects (in amplitude) as well as the pulse frequency reflected highly significant dose relationships. Drug effects started 30 min after intake and lasted longer than 600 min. 10 micrograms of clenbuterol revealed no significant differences when compared to placebo, whereas the 20 micrograms dosage as usually administered in clinical routine demonstrated significant--but only slight--differences to placebo-baseline. All other dosages and the reference (salbutamol, 8 mg) could be discriminated distinctly against placebo. PMID- 3907641 TI - [The behavior of blood clotting and its inhibitors under long term treatment with 5,6-benzo-alpha-pyrone (coumarin). Double blind study]. AB - The analyses on hemostaseological variables are recorded in connection with blood tests in the course of a double-blind study in 41 patients suffering from chronic venous insufficiency of higher degrees of severity. They were treated in addition to compression measures with two active ingredients, a coumarin (5,6-benzo-alpha pyrone)/troxerutin combination (Venalot Depot) (n = 20) or benzarone (n = 21) receiving 3 X 2 dragees daily for 6 weeks. Good clinical efficacy and the improvement of symptoms were observed together with almost no side-effects. The coagulation analysis showed no influence of the active principles on the global coagulation or the clotting factors and the inhibitors and factors of the fibrinolysis. In particular there was no phenprocoumon-like effect on the blood clotting system. PMID- 3907643 TI - Computer usage in the speech-language-hearing profession. PMID- 3907644 TI - A political profile of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. PMID- 3907642 TI - Effectiveness of thymostimulin treatment in hepatitis B surface antigen-positive chronic active liver disease. Results of a randomized clinical trial. AB - The results of this controlled trial with thymostimulin (TP-1 Serono) on hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive chronic active liver disease (CALD), involving 34 consecutive patients chosen by predefined criteria and randomly allocated to control and treatment groups, show that this thymic hormone may significantly improve the clinical, biochemical, serological and immunological parameters of this disease, and ameliorate the quality of the patients' life. The treatment schedule was adjusted according to the immunological response. Our study population was too small to enable any conclusions to be drawn: further studies are therefore required to establish the exact role of thymostimulin in the treatment of HBsAg-positive CALD. PMID- 3907645 TI - Reproducibility of the variations between humans in the response of serum cholesterol to cessation of egg consumption. AB - To find out whether the variable response of serum cholesterol levels to changes in cholesterol intake in man is due to constitutional differences in responsiveness, we have reinvestigated in 1982 34 healthy men and women, who habitually consumed at least 1 egg/day and had participated in a trial in 1976. Serum cholesterol was measured on the habitual diet (about 800 mg cholesterol/day), and after 3 weeks during which no eggs or egg-containing products were consumed (about 300 mg cholesterol/day). Serum cholesterol decreased by 0.16 +/- 0.42 mmol/1 (6 +/- 16 mg/dl) in 1976 and by 0.31 +/- 0.35 mmol/l (12 +/- 14 mg/dl) in 1982 (mean +/- SD). Individual responses varied from 1.0 to +0.5 mmol/l (-39 to +19 mg/dl). The correlation between the responses in 1976 and 1982 was r = 0.32 (P less than 0.05). The decrease in serum cholesterol was most pronounced for subjects with a low body mass index and a high level of HDL-cholesterol. In men, the increase in serum cholesterol with age was correlated with the mean decrease in the trials (r = 0.42, n = 16, P = 0.11). In a controlled trial, 4 hypo- and 2 hyperresponders were given 11 mg cholesterol/MJ (11 mg/240 kcal; 116 mg/day) for 4 weeks followed by 72 mg/MJ for another 4 weeks; all other nutrients were kept constant. Almost all food was supplied and intakes were rigidly controlled. The 2 hyperresponders and 3 of the 4 hyporesponders were also hyper- and hyporesponsive under the controlled conditions. We conclude that part of the cholesterolemic response to dietary cholesterol in man is individually determined and stable for at least 6 years. PMID- 3907646 TI - On the use of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) to study the mechanism(s) of ethanol action. PMID- 3907647 TI - [Merkel cell carcinoma of the skin. Anatomoclinical, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study of 14 cases]. AB - The clinical and pathological features of 14 cases of Merkel cell carcinoma are reported. They commonly arise in the skin of elderly patients, particularly on the face and pelvis. They have a loco-regional aggressivity (nodal metastases in 4 cases) but some patients die with disseminated metastases (2 cases). These tumors are composed of round cells with scanty cytoplasm, arranged in solid or trabecular sheets. Mitotic figures are usually numerous. The ultrastructural study reveal secretory granules and paranuclear collection of intermediate filaments. Immunohistochemical phenotype is highly characteristic: cytoplasmic diffuse positivity with an anti-neuron-specific enolase polyclonal antibody; polar and/or diffuse positivity with anti-cytokeratin, anti-epithelial membrane antigen and anti-S100 protein monoclonal antibodies; polar positivity with an anti-neurofilament monoclonal antibody. The negativity with an anti-common leucocyte antigen monoclonal antibody is helpful to differentiate Merkel cell carcinoma from cutaneous malignant lymphoma. PMID- 3907648 TI - Lymphokines and immediate type allergy. PMID- 3907649 TI - Vaccines against leprosy. PMID- 3907650 TI - Migration inhibition and stimulation factors produced from peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures of sensitised guinea pigs. AB - The supernatants of peripheral blood lymphocytes of tuberculin-sensitive guinea pigs incubated with PPD were investigated using macrophage and leukocyte migration inhibition tests. Inhibition as well as stimulation of cell migration were observed. The effect upon migration cultures seemed to be dependent upon the immunological state of the host; animals of the V-group (vaccinated once without challenge) showed inhibitory activity to both macrophages and leukocytes, while those in the VC-group (vaccinated and challenged) had stimulatory activity only to leukocytes. The addition of antithymocyte serum stopped all activity (macrophage and leukocyte inhibition and leukocyte stimulation), suggesting that thymus-dependent lymphocytes are necessary for such activity. PMID- 3907651 TI - Effects of azelastine on allergen- and exercise-induced asthma. AB - The effects of the new anti-allergic drug, azelastine, on allergen- and exercise induced asthma were studied. In six allergen inhalation tests for five asymptomatic asthmatic patients, the maximum percentage fall in FEV1.0 immediately after inhalation of allergen extract was 37.2 +/- 6.4 per cent (mean +/- SEM). As compared with a placebo, the maximum percentage fall in FEV1.0 with azelastine after inhalation of allergen extract in the same manner as with the placebo was 17.3 +/- 6.9 per cent. The difference was statistically significant (p less than 0.05). The percentage fall in FEV1.0 with placebo and azelastine in late asthmatic response (n = 4) was 36.0 +/- 5.3 per cent and 10.0 +/- 5.2 per cent, respectively. The difference was also statistically significant (p less than 0.01). An exercise test was carried out on seven asymptomatic asthmatic patients using an inclined treadmill. The maximum percentage fall in FEV1.0 without drugs, with diphenhydramine and azelastine was 38.9 +/- 5.0 per cent, 20.1 +/- 3.8 per cent and 11.3 +/- 3.1 per cent, respectively. Significant differences were found among each group (p less than 0.05). Azelastine was regarded as having sufficient potency to inhibit exercise-induced asthma; however, placebo effects cannot be ruled out with regard to the effects of diphenhydramine. These results suggests that chemical mediator release is involved not only in allergen-induced asthma but also in exercise-induced asthma, suggesting the clinical utility of azelastine. PMID- 3907652 TI - A simple ELISA for antigiardial antibody using the membrane fraction of the parasite as antigen. AB - Most existing methods for detecting antigiardia lamblia antibody require the use of cultured Giardia lamblia trophozoites as antigen in immunofluorescent and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. However, the maintenance of trophozoite culture systems limits the large-scale use of these antibody detection systems. An antigen extracted from Giardia lamblia by the detergent Triton X-100, when used in an ELISA system, produces specific, objective, quantitative and reproducible results. It is likely that such a test system could be packaged in kit form for large-scale diagnostic and epidemiological application in all parts of the world. PMID- 3907653 TI - Pneumococcal vaccine. PMID- 3907655 TI - The potential role of potassium in blood pressure control. PMID- 3907654 TI - [Results of renal transplants from living donors in Puerto Rico]. PMID- 3907656 TI - [Computers in medical education]. PMID- 3907658 TI - [Tetany and rickets in the neonatal period (2)]. PMID- 3907657 TI - [Acute appendicitis in children under chronic peritoneal dialysis]. PMID- 3907659 TI - Post-stimulation excitability of mediodorsal thalamic self-stimulation. AB - The post-stimulation excitability of the substrate for brain stimulation reward in the mediodorsal thalamus was assessed using equal- and unequal-pulse procedures. In 3 rats, refractory periods were found to begin no earlier than 1 ms and to end as late as 10 ms. Using test (T) pulses 1.5 times the amplitude of condition (C) pulses, the contribution of absolute and relative refractory periods was determined in one subject. No change in the slope of the recovery function was obtained in this condition, suggesting that several populations of neurons with different absolute refractory periods compose the behaviorally relevant substrate. A large supernormal contribution, evaluated by increasing the C amplitude to 1.5T, occurred between 3 and 10 ms with a peak at 7.5 ms. These results suggest that mediodorsal thalamic self-stimulation is mediated by a wide range of small, probably unmyelinated fibers. PMID- 3907660 TI - Ninth Adolf Butenandt lecture. Role of the neuropeptide head activator for nerve function and development. PMID- 3907661 TI - Partial purification and characterization of a trypsin-like proteinase from rabbit preimplantation uterine fluid. AB - Previous investigations have proved that proteinases are involved in implantation of the rabbit embryo into the uterine tissues. This study describes a trypsin like enzyme found in the blastocyst fluid and uterine flushings at the time of implantation. The proteinase isolated from uterine flushings has a molecular mass of about 50 kDa and exists in two differently charged forms of pI 4.0 and 4.5. Tests with low molecular mass 4-nitroanilide substrates proved a marked cleavage selectivity of the enzyme for arginyl bonds. The catalytic activity is not affected by Ca2+ and EDTA but inhibited by aprotinin and a high concentration (10(-6)M) of lima bean trypsin inhibitor. PMID- 3907662 TI - The complete amino-acid sequence of the proteinase inhibitor B from the root of the arrowhead (Sagittaria sagittifolia L.). AB - After reduction and alkylation of the disulfide bonds of the proteinase inhibitor B from the root of the arrowhead (Sagittaria sagittifolia L.) followed by CNBr cleavage three peptide fragments with 68, 62 and 11 amino-acid residues could be separated on DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B. The peptides or the inhibitor itself were further specifically cleaved either by trypsin or by the mixture of (CH3)2SO/HCl/HBr at the arginyl- and the tryptophyl-peptide bond, respectively. The complete amino-acid sequences of the peptides were determined by manual solid phase DABITC/PITC double coupling micro-method and the primary structure of the arrowhead inhibitor B consisting of 141 amino-acid residues was then elucidated. Twenty pairs of amino-acid residues are repeated in the molecule of this inhibitor, three of these pairs even occur three times. The possible locations of the reactive sites are discussed. On the basis of sequence comparisons between this inhibitor and all other serine proteinase inhibitors the arrowhead inhibitor may belong to a new family. PMID- 3907663 TI - Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of ribosomal proteins in the nanogram range. AB - A two-dimensional gel electrophoresis system to identify and check the purity of ribosomal proteins from different organisms with nanogram quantities is described. This procedure combines the method of Geyl et al. for the separation of ribosomal proteins of Escherichia coli, and the microscale electrophoresis system for proteins described by Neuhoff and Poehling, with several modifications. The first gel dimension is carried out in capillaries and the second in the form of slab gels, both are run in newly designed chambers suitable for 10-20 samples. This electrophoresis system enables a reduction of the running time from 2 days to 2 hours and an increase in sensitivity, with Coomassie blue staining, from 3-5 micrograms for the normal 100 X 100 mm gels to 50-100 ng. The resolution of all ribosomal proteins on the micro-gel (30 X 38 X 0.5 mm) is similar to the separation on the mini-gel of 100 X 100 X 3 mm as described by Geyl et al. PMID- 3907664 TI - Endotoxicity of newly recognized gram negative organism: a collective review. AB - A comprehensive picture of the in part personal investigations concerning an Endotoxin-like activity associated with some recently recognized Gram negative significant pathogens has been drawn. Suspensions of heat-killed organisms (or endotoxic lipopolysaccharide when available) have been tested using as markers of endotoxicity the Limulus assay and the skin Shwartzman reaction in rabbit. Some general considerations are finally set forth on the possible role of the surface structures in mediating (with other virulence factors) the damage in the host. PMID- 3907665 TI - [Prospective use of immunofluorescence polarization in the study of enzymes modifying aminoglycosides]. AB - A number of assays have been described for aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes; the aim of our investigation was to check the validity of polarized immunofluorescence assay for aminoglycoside enzymes. We have studied three enzymes encoded by R-factors from clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae conferring various patterns of aminoglycoside-resistance. The assay resulted valid: this is a simple, rapid and sensitive method. PMID- 3907666 TI - [Application of a solid-phase immunoenzymatic method for the evaluation of the secretion of antibodies by monocytes in peripheral blood]. PMID- 3907667 TI - VIP-like and GFAP-like immunoreactivities in the chicken lumbo-sacral spinal cord. PMID- 3907668 TI - [Treatment of type I diabetes mellitus with biosynthetic human insulin]. PMID- 3907669 TI - [Phenotypic analysis of lymphoid subpopulations in fetal hematopoietic tissues]. PMID- 3907670 TI - Congenital cataract following German measles in the mother. Abstracts from the publications of the late Sir Norman McAlister Gregg. AB - This paper contains abstracts from publications of the late Sir Norman McAlister Gregg, published in 1941 and 1944, in which he demonstrated the association between rubella in pregnancy and defects in the baby. Besides cataract and retinopathy with which ophthalmologists are familiar, there occur deafness, deafmutism, cardiac defects, mental retardation, pulmonary and renal abnormalities and diabetes. PMID- 3907671 TI - [Pathophysiology of dementia]. PMID- 3907672 TI - [Brain dysfunction induced by maternal factors]. PMID- 3907673 TI - [The subnucleus gelatinosus of the nucleus tractus solitarii is a catecholaminergic nucleus--immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies in human fetuses]. AB - The subnucleus gelatinosus of the nucleus tractus solitarii (SG) has been described in man by Olszewski and Baxter (1954). It is located in the dorsolateral corner of the nucleus tractus solitarii at the level of the area postrema and appears as the small, round area characterized by a peculiar gelatinous appearance of the ground substance. In this communication, we describe the existence of many catecholamine neurons in this particular area of human fetuses. We examined the lower medulla oblongata of five human fetuses (CRL: 155 275 mm, GA: 17-27 wks). The brains were obtained within 1-3 hours after death following therapeutic or spontaneous abortions. They were immediately fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde in 0.1 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.4, dehydrated graded alcohol, and embedded in paraffin. Serial 6 micron-sections containing the SG were cut from the lower medulla oblongata of each fetus. These sections were stained by peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) technique using rabbit anti-bovine TH sera. The preparation and the specificity of the antisera used were described elsewhere (Nakashima et al, 1983 & 1984). In addition, ultrastructural examination was made on the unilateral SG of one fetus (CRL: 215 mm, GA: 23 wks). Immunohistochemically, many TH-positive neurons were observed in the SG of all cases. They were fairly uniform in size, 10-15 microns in diameter, showing round to oval cell somata and unipolar or bipolar processes. In the neuropil, numerous TH-positive fibers were found oriented randomly. Some of TH-positive fibers were seen extending toward the area postrema in the dorsomedial region of this subnucleus. A small number of TH-negative neurons were also noted. Ultrastructurally, the neurons observed were small in size and possessed in general a scanty cytoplasmic rim around the round nucleus. In the neuropil, unmyelinated nerve fibers, axon terminals with synaptic vesicles, dendrites and glial cell processes were observed. Synaptic structures encountered were axo dendritic and axo-somatic. However, axo-axonic synapses could not be found. It was of interest that large dense-cored vesicles were frequently seen together with clear vesicles in the axon terminals. There have been so far many reports with regard to the distribution of the catecholamine neurons in the central nervous system of various mammals including man. In the medulla oblongata, the dorsomedial catecholamine neurons have been well known as the A2 group since the first description in rats by Dahlstrom and Fuxe (1964).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3907674 TI - Recurrent aphthous stomatitis. PMID- 3907675 TI - Salvage surgery for hyperparathyroidism affecting the jaws. PMID- 3907676 TI - Effects of nadolol and propranolol on renal function in hypertensive patients with moderately impaired renal function. AB - Effects of oral administration of equipotent antihypertensive doses of propranolol and nadolol on renal function were examined in 20 hypertensive patients with moderately impaired renal function. Creatinine clearance increased, and serum beta 2-microglobulin concentrations decreased, when patients were switched from propranolol to nadolol therapy (creatinine clearance = 46.7 +/- 4.9 ml min-1 on propranolol and 52.7 +/- 5.9 on nadolol; beta 2-microglobulin = 6.14 +/- 0.66 mg l-1 on propranolol and 5.62 +/- 0.62 on nadolol). When patients were put back on propranolol, their creatinine clearances (45.9 +/- 5.0 ml min-1) and serum beta 2-microglobulin concentrations (6.51 +/- 0.67 mg l-1) returned to values comparable to those obtained before the change to nadolol was made. Serum beta 2-microglobulin concentrations correlated significantly with creatinine clearance (r = -0.819, P less than 0.001). PMID- 3907677 TI - Comparison of oxyfedrine and atenolol in angina pectoris--a double-blind study. AB - We have compared oxyfedrine 24 mg four times daily with atenolol 100 mg once daily in the relief of angina pectoris in a double-blind cross-over study; assessments were by diary cards and treadmill testing. Both oxyfedrine and atenolol reduced the frequency of angina by similar amounts and both produced similar improvements in treadmill performance. Side effects were infrequent and minor with both drugs. The model of action of oxyfedrine appears to be different from atenolol. Oxyfedrine allows the double product of systolic blood pressure X heart rate at peak exercise to be maintained at levels similar to those with placebo; the double product at peak exercise is significantly less with atenolol. PMID- 3907678 TI - Double-blind trial of flurbiprofen and phenylbutazone in acute gouty arthritis. AB - Flurbiprofen has been compared with phenylbutazone in a double-blind study involving 33 patients with acute gout. Patients received either flurbiprofen 400 mg daily for 48 h followed by 200 mg daily, or phenylbutazone 800 mg daily for 48 h followed by 400 mg daily. The drugs were of comparable efficacy, while side effects were uncommon and relatively mild. Flurbiprofen appears to be a satisfactory alternative to phenylbutazone in the management of acute gouty arthritis. PMID- 3907680 TI - Double-blind controlled study of paramax in the acute treatment of common and classical migraine. PMID- 3907679 TI - A test of the half-side comparative design in the clinical evaluation of topical steroids, using diflucortolone and betamethasone creams. PMID- 3907681 TI - Long-term oral carbocisteine therapy in patients with chronic bronchitis. A double blind trial with placebo control. PMID- 3907682 TI - Further data on augmentin and co-trimoxazole in the treatment of urinary tract infection. PMID- 3907683 TI - A comparison between Antraderm stick (0.5% and 1%) and dithranol paste (0.125% and 0.25%) in the treatment of psoriasis. PMID- 3907684 TI - A double-blind evaluation of trazodone in the treatment of depression in the elderly. PMID- 3907685 TI - Proteus mirabilis osteomyelitis. PMID- 3907686 TI - Urinary pseudouridine excretion in myelomatosis. AB - Urinary psi excretion is independent of the main indices of tumour activity in myelomatosis (serum paraprotein, serum beta 2-microglobulin, serum creatinine and urinary light chain production). The mean (+/- s.d.) psi at presentation was 40.7 +/- 22.6 nmol. mumol ucr-1, compared to 25.4 +/- 4.8 nmol. mumol ucr-1 in controls. Urinary psi levels at presentation are significantly related to prognosis, the higher the level the poorer the prognosis. However, when these levels have been stratified according to the corresponding level of serum beta 2m, the level adds little as a prognostic factor. PMID- 3907687 TI - Fifteen-year follow-up of all patients in a study of post-operative chemotherapy for bronchial carcinoma. AB - The 15-year findings are presented of a double-blind, randomised study planned in 1964 in which cytotoxic chemotherapy with either busulphan or cyclophosphamide prescribed to be given daily for 2 years as an adjuvant to surgery was compared with placebo in the treatment of 726 patients with carcinoma of the bronchus. The two cytotoxic agents administered in this way did not influence survival. At 15y, 8% of the 243 patients allocated busulphan, 9% of the 234 cyclophosphamide, and 10% of the 249 placebo were alive, these being 10% of the patients who had had epidermoid cancers, 12% large-cell, 5% small-cell, 5% adenocarcinomas, and 8% other histological types. The study provides data on long-term results in a large group of patients who were, in effect, treated by surgery alone. Survival was significantly shorter in patients with histological involvement of the resected intrathoracic nodes (log-rank test P much less than 0.001). A finding of particular interest is that the histological type of the tumour did not influence survival in the 390 patients whose nodes were not involved, although, as expected, it did in the 336 whose nodes were involved, the 226 with epidermoid cancers surviving longer than the 57 with small cell carcinoma, the 31 with adenocarcinoma and all 110 with non-epidermoid carcinomas (P much less than 0.001 in each comparison). PMID- 3907688 TI - Measurement of the grade of vascularisation in histological tumour tissue sections. PMID- 3907689 TI - Substrate specificity and protonation state of ornithine transcarbamoylase as determined by pH studies. AB - The ornithine transcarbamoylase catalyzed reaction and its inhibition by L norvaline have been investigated between pH 5.5 and 10.5. The steady-state turnover rate (kcat) of the enzyme from Escherichia coli increases with pH and plateaus above pH 9. Its change with pH conforms to a single protonation process with an apparent pKa of 7.3. The effect of pH on the apparent Michaelis constant (KMapp) of L-ornithine suggests that this diamino acid in its cationic form is not the substrate. Treating only the zwitterions of ornithine as substrate, the pH profile of the pseudo-first-order rate constant (kcat/KMz) of the reaction is a bell-shaped curve characterized by pKa's of 6.2 and 9.1 and asymptotic slopes of +/- 1. Similar pKa's (6.3 and 9.3) are obtained for the pKi profile of zwitterionic L-norvaline, a competitive inhibitor. The pKi profile further indicates that the alpha-amino group of the inhibitor must be charged for binding. Together, these pH profiles provide sufficient information to suggest that only the minor zwitterionic species of ornithine, H2N(CH2)3CH(NH3+)COO-, binds the enzyme productively. The selection of this substrate form by the enzyme leads to a Michaelis complex in which ornithine is poised for nucleophilic attack. Following such binding, the need for deprotonation of the delta-NH3+ group is avoided, and transcarbamoylation becomes energetically more feasible. Reaction schemes accounting for the effects of pH are proposed for the enzymic reaction. PMID- 3907690 TI - Photochemical cross-linking of tRNA1Arg to the 30S ribosomal subunit using aryl azide reagents attached to the anticodon loop. AB - The 2-thiocytidine residue at position 32 of tRNA1Arg from Escherichia coli was modified specifically with three photoaffinity reagents of different lengths, and the corresponding N-acetylarginyl-tRNA1Arg derivatives were cross-linked to the P site of E. coli 70S ribosomes by irradiation. Covalent attachment was dependent upon the presence of a polynucleotide template and exposure to light of the appropriate wavelength. From 4% to 6% of the noncovalently bound tRNA became cross-linked to the ribosome as a result of photolysis, and attachment to the P site was confirmed by the reactivity of arginine in the covalent complexes toward puromycin. Analysis of the irradiated ribosomes by sucrose-gradient sedimentation at low Mg2+ concentration revealed that the tRNA was associated exclusively with the 30S subunit in all cases. Two of the N-acetylarginyl-tRNA1Arg derivatives were attached primarily to ribosomal proteins whereas the third was cross-linked mainly to 16S RNA. Partial RNase digestion of the latter complex demonstrated that the tRNA had become attached to the 3' third of the rRNA molecule. In addition, the tRNA-rRNA bond was shown to be susceptible to cleavage by hydroxylamine and mercaptoethanol. PMID- 3907691 TI - Crystallographic and biochemical investigation of the lead(II)-catalyzed hydrolysis of yeast phenylalanine tRNA. AB - X-ray diffraction data from monoclinic crystals of yeast tRNAPhe soaked in dilute lead(II) acetate solutions at pH 5.0 and at pH 7.4 have been collected to a resolution of 3 A, and the Pb(II) binding sites have been obtained by difference Fourier analyses. The same three Pb(II) binding sites are observed at both of these pH values. At pH 7.4 an extra peak of negative electron density appears on the difference map close to one of the Pb(II) binding sites and at the position of phosphate-18, indicating cleavage of the sugar-phosphate-chain between residues D-17 and G-18 of the tRNAPhe molecule in this derivative. Chain scission does not occur to any observable extent in the structure at pH 5.0, and we have, therefore, a picture of the reactants (at pH 5.0) and products (at pH 7.4) of this cleavage reaction. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis as well as sequencing experiments confirms the cleavage of the tRNAPhe molecule into one-fourth and three-fourth fragments, with the shorter fragment consisting essentially of residues G-1 through D-17 while the larger fragment contains residues G-18 through A-76. End-group analyses suggest a ribose cyclic 2',3'-phosphate at D-17 of the one-fourth fragment with a 5'-OH at G-18 of the three-fourth fragment. Cleavage of the tRNAPhe molecule does not occur in the absence of Pb(II), and the proximity of one of these metal ions to the cleavage site strongly implicates this metal ion in the cleavage reaction. Consideration of several possible mechanisms for the reaction, taking into account the biochemical and crystallographic facts presented above, suggests that the cleavage involves removal of the proton from the 2'-OH of ribose-17 by a Pb(II)-bound hydroxyl group. Subsequent nucleophilic attack of the resulting 2'-O- on the phosphorus atom of phosphate-18, presumably through a pentacoordinate phosphorus cyclic intermediate (as in the action of pancreatic ribonuclease A), results in chain scission. It cannot be decided whether the displacement, within the pentacoordinate intermediate, proceeds via an in-line or adjacent pathway, but an exploration of the likelihood of either pathway is presented. Strand cleavage at the particular site occurs fortuitously because the aquo Pb(II) ion binds at the correct distance and presumably in such a manner as to present a hydroxyl group in the correct orientation to effect the proton abstraction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3907692 TI - Base tilt of DNA in various conformations from flow linear dichroism. AB - We have measured the isotropic absorption (Aiso) and linear dichroism (LD) of Escherichia coli DNA in 0.01 M Na+ (10.4 base pairs per turn of B form), 5.5 M NH4F (10.2 base pairs per turn of B form), and 80% trifluoroethanol (A form) into the vacuum UV spectral region. The reduced dichroism spectrum (LD divided by Aiso) of DNA in the A conformation differed from those of the B conformations, demonstrating that LD is a sensitive method for distinguishing DNA conformation. The reduced dichroism spectra of the B conformations were similar, indicating little change in the orientation of the bases for DNA in high salt. The wavelength dependence of the reduced dichroism indicates that the angle between the base planes and the helix axis is less than 76 degrees for all three conformations of DNA. PMID- 3907693 TI - Bacterial phosphotransferase system: regulation of the glucose and mannose enzymes II by sulfhydryl oxidation. AB - We have investigated the effect of oxidizing agents on methyl alpha-glucoside phosphorylation by the Escherichia coli phosphotransferase system (PTS). Oxidizing agents inhibited methyl alpha-glucoside phosphorylation at low methyl alpha-glucoside concentrations, and the degree of inhibition was shown to decrease with increasing concentrations of methyl alpha-glucoside. Results of studies with mutant bacteria and substrate analogues of the glucose and mannose enzymes II showed that contrary to the interpretation of Robillard and Konings [Robillard, G. T., & Konings, W. N. (1981) Biochemistry 20, 5025-5032] the apparent change in the Km value for methyl alpha-glucoside phosphorylation induced by sulfhydryl oxidation is not due to the formation of a low-affinity, oxidized form of the glucose enzyme II. Rather, the results are explained by the presence of two phosphotransferase systems that phosphorylate methyl alpha glucoside with different affinities and that are differentially sensitive to oxidizing agents. The low Km system corresponds to the glucose enzyme II, which is strongly inhibited by potassium ferricyanide, phenazine methosulfate, and plumbagin. The high Km system corresponds to the mannose enzyme II, which is less sensitive to inhibition by these oxidizing agents. This differential sensitivity to inhibition by oxidizing agents can account for the apparent Km change for methyl alpha-glucoside phosphorylation reported by Robillard and Konings. The physiological significance of sulfhydryl oxidation in the enzymes II of the PTS has yet to be ascertained. PMID- 3907694 TI - Transient electrical birefringence characterization of heavy meromyosin. AB - Heavy meromyosin (HMM) and myosin subfragment 1 (S1) were prepared from myosin by using low concentrations of alpha-chymotrypsin. The light chain distribution in HMM was identical with that of myosin, within experimental error, when analyzed on 12% polyacrylamide gels after electrophoresis. Specific birefringences and birefringence decay times were measured by transient electrical birefringence in 5 mM KCl, 5 mM tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (pH 7), and 1 mM MgCl2 at 4 degrees C under gentle conditions that reduced the CaATPase activity by less than 10%. For solutions of HMM, by use of electric field pulses shorter than 0.5 microseconds, the birefringence decay signal from the S1 portions of HMM could be resolved and the rotational motions of the S1 moieties observed directly. The rotation relaxation time, adjusted to 20 degrees C, was 0.34 microseconds; this is in quantitative agreement with previous hydrodynamic results obtained by using covalently attached probes. The assignment of the fast decay time obtained with HMM to the S1 portions was confirmed by birefringence decay measurements on free S1, for which the relaxation time was 0.13 microseconds, corrected to 20 degrees C. The specific birefringences for S1 and HMM, respectively, were 0.37 X 10(-6) and 12.8 X 10(-6) (cm/statvolt)2. Thus, for much longer electric field pulses, the signal from HMM is due almost entirely to its subfragment 2 (S2) portion, and its rotational dynamics can also be monitored directly by using electrical birefringence. The decay of the signal from the S2 portion could be adequately fit without evoking bending of the S2 portion of HMM other than at its junction with S1. PMID- 3907695 TI - Cross-linking of the anticodon of P and A site bound tRNAs to the ribosome via aromatic azides of variable length: involvement of 16S rRNA at the A site. AB - The topography of the ribosomal decoding site was explored by affinity labeling from the 5'-anticodon base, 5-(carboxymethoxy)uridine-34, of P or A site bound tRNA1Val. A nitrophenyl azide was attached to the carboxyl group of this nucleotide via side chains varying in length from 18 to 24 A. Binding of acetylvalyl-tRNA to the P site was codon dependent and that of valyl-tRNA to the A site was both codon and elongation factor Tu (EFTu) dependent. Cross-linking to both A and P sites was irradiation, probe, codon, and, in the case of the A site, EFTu dependent. Putative P-site cross-linked aminoacyl-tRNA was reactive with puromycin. The yield of cross-linking was little affected by placement of the tRNA at the A or P site but varied considerably with the length and structure of the probe side chain. When the distance from the pyrimidine C-5 atom to the azide group was 23 A, 42-45% cross-linking was obtained at each site, but when the distance was decreased to 18 A, only 7-12% was found. Placing an S-S bond in the center of the 23-A leash decreased the A-site yield to about half, while insertion of a CONH group decreased A-site cross-linking about 8-fold. P-site cross-linking was more sensitive to mercaptan quenching (50% at 0.5 mM) than was that at the A site (50% at greater than 2.0 mM) but both were partially shielded from solvent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3907696 TI - Identification of the site of cross-linking in 16S rRNA of an aromatic azide photoaffinity probe attached to the 5'-anticodon base of A site bound tRNA. AB - The site of Escherichia coli 16S ribosomal RNA cross-linked to the 5'-anticodon base of A site bound E. coli valyl-tRNA was identified. Cross-linking was via the affinity probe 6-[(2-nitro-4-azidophenyl)amino]caproate (NAK) or 3-[[2-[(2-nitro 4-azidophenyl)amino]ethyl]dithio]propionate (SNAP) attached to the carboxyl group of the 5'-anticodon base 5-(carboxyethoxy)uridine via an ethylenediamine spacer [Gornicki, P., Ciesiolka, J., & Ofengand, J. (1985) Biochemistry (preceding paper in this issue)]. With both probes, RNase T1 digestion of the isolated 16S RNA tRNA covalent complex, 5'-32P postlabeling, and gel electrophoresis yielded two oligonucleotides larger than any fragments from non-cross-linked tRNA or rRNA. Appearance of the oligomers was dependent on the presence of the probe on the tRNA. Unmodified tRNA in the A and/or P sites did not yield any product. The presence of elongation factor Tu in the incubation mixture was also required. Dithiothreitol (DDT) treatment of the SNAP-induced covalent complex prior to electrophoresis also abolished the oligomers. Only the larger of the two oligomers (present in a 3:1 ratio) was sequenced. The SNAP dimer was cleaved with DTT, and the rRNA and tRNA oligomers were separated and sequenced as monomers. The NAK dimer was sequenced without cleavage by taking advantage of the differences in electrophoretic mobility among sequence and/or composition isomers of the same length. In both cases, the rRNA oligomer was identified as UACACACCG1401, and the nucleotide cross-linked was shown to be the C1400 residue. The expected tRNA modification site was also identified.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3907697 TI - Purification and properties of Salmonella typhimurium acetolactate synthase isozyme II from Escherichia coli HB101/pDU9. AB - A facile purification has been devised for recombinantly produced Salmonella typhimurium acetolactate synthase isozyme II. Purification of the enzyme was made possible by determining the complex set of factors that lead to loss of enzymic activity with this rather labile enzyme. When complexed with thiamin pyrophosphate, FAD, and magnesium, acetolactate synthase is subject to oxygen dependent inactivation, a property not shared by the enzyme-FAD complex. When divorced from all of its tightly bound cofactors, losses of the enzymic activity are encountered at low ionic strength, especially at low protein concentrations. If purified and stored as the enzyme-FAD complex, acetolactate synthase is quite stable. The enzyme is composed of two types of subunits, a result that was not anticipated from previous studies of ilvG (the gene that codes for the large subunit of acetolactate synthase). These subunits were determined to be in equal molar ratio in the purified enzyme from the distribution of radioactivity between the two subunits after carboxymethylation with iodo[14C]acetate and their respective amino acid compositions. Besides the expected ilvG gene product (59.3 kDa), purified acetolactate synthase contained a smaller subunit (9.7 kDa; designated here as the ilvM gene product). On the basis of sequence homology of the small subunit with that coded for by the corresponding Escherichia coli gene sequence [Lawther, R. P., Calhoun, D. H., Adams, C. W., Hauser, C. A., Gray, J., & Hatfield, G. W. (1981) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 78, 922-925], it is encoded by the region between ilvG and ilvE, beginning at base-pair (bp) 1914 (relative to the point of transcription initiation).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3907698 TI - Secondary structure of a 345-base RNA fragment covering the S8/S15 protein binding domain of Escherichia coli 16S ribosomal RNA. AB - A technique for isolating defined fragments of a large RNA has been developed and applied to a ribosomal RNA. A section of the Escherichia coli rrnB cistron corresponding to the S8/S15 protein binding domain of 16S ribosomal RNA was cloned into a single-stranded DNA phage; after hybridization of the phage DNA with 16S RNA and digestion with T1 ribonuclease, the protected RNA was separated from the DNA under denaturing conditions to yield a 345-base RNA fragment with unique ends (bases 525-869 in the 16S sequence). The secondary structure of this fragment was determined by mapping the cleavage sites of enzymes specific for single-stranded or double-helical RNA. The fragment structure is almost identical with that proposed for the corresponding region of intact 16S RNA on the basis of phylogenetic comparisons [Woese, C. R., Gutell, R., Gupta, R., & Noller, H. (1983) Microbiol. Rev. 47, 621-669]. We conclude that this section of RNA constitutes an independently folding domain that may be studied in isolation from the rest of the 16S RNA. The structure mapping experiments have indicated several interesting features in the RNA structure. (i) The largest bulge loop in the molecule (20 bases) contains specific tertiary structure. (ii) A region of long range secondary structure, pairing bases about 200 residues apart in the sequence, can hydrogen bond in two different mutually exclusive schemes. Both appear to exist simultaneously in the RNA fragment under our conditions. (iii) The long-range secondary structure and one adjacent helix melt between 37 and 60 degrees C in the absence of Mg2+, while the rest of the structure is quite stable. PMID- 3907699 TI - Preparation and characterization of various Escherichia coli RNA polymerases containing one or two intrinsic metal ions. AB - The Escherichia coli DNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RPase) holoenzyme (alpha 2 beta beta' sigma) possesses 2 mol equiv of Zn: beta and beta' subunits each contain one Zn ion. An in vitro metal-substitution method developed earlier (method I) was used to remove the two intrinsic Zn ions and then to reconstitute other metal ions into the beta subunit of RPase. One Cd or Hg ion was successfully reconstituted into half-active enzymes (rec-Cd1- or rec-Hg1-RPase), while Mn or Ni ion was not incorporated. A new, simplified in vitro metal substitution method (method II), which omitted the low-pH treatment and subsequent urea dialysis in method I, was devised in this study. Consequently, Zn or Cd could be incorporated into both the beta and beta' subunits, resulting in rec-Zn2- or rec-Cd2-RPase, respectively. However, only one Hg was incorporated, probably due to steric hindrance by the large size of the Hg ion, while Mn, Ni, or Cr was not bound by the reconstituted enzyme, which instead incorporated only one Zn. Analysis of the metal content of various reconstituted RPases indicated that without low-pH treatment Zn bound to both the beta and beta' subunits when Zn concentrations were higher than 2 X 10(-6)M, but it bound only to the beta' subunit at lower concentrations. Moreover, low-pH treatment destroys the metal binding site in the beta' subunit. The metal sites on the beta and beta' subunits did not have significant affinity for the transition metals such as Mn, Ni, and Cr.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3907700 TI - Turkey ovomucoid third domain inhibits eight different serine proteinases of varied specificity on the same ...Leu18-Glu19 ... reactive site. AB - We show that eight different serine proteinases--bovine chymotrypsins A and B, porcine pancreatic elastase I, proteinase K, Streptomyces griseus proteinases A and B, and subtilisins BPN' and Carlsberg--interact with turkey ovomucoid third domain at the same Leu18-Glu19 peptide bond, the reactive site of the inhibitor. Turkey ovomucoid third domain was converted to modified (the reactive site peptide bond hydrolyzed) form as documented by sequencing. Complexes of all eight enzymes both with virgin and with modified inhibitor were prepared. All 16 complexes were subjected to kinetically controlled dissociation, and all 16 produced predominantly virgin (greater than 90%) inhibitor, thus proving our point. During this investigation, we found that both alpha-chymotrypsin and especially S. griseus proteinase B convert virgin to modified turkey ovomucoid third domain, even in the pH range 1-2, a much lower pH than we expected. We have also measured rate constants kon and kon* for the association of virgin and modified turkey ovomucoid third domain with several serine proteinases. The kon/kon* ratio is 4.8 X 10(6) for chymotrypsin, but it is only 1.5 for subtilisin Carlsberg. A number of generalizations concerning reactive sites of protein proteinase inhibitor are proposed and discussed. PMID- 3907701 TI - Positional isotope exchange and kinetic experiments with Escherichia coli guanosine-5'-monophosphate synthetase. AB - The kinetic mechanism of Escherichia coli guanosine-5'-monophosphate synthetase has been determined by utilizing initial velocity kinetic patterns and positional isotope exchange experiments. The initial velocity patterns of MgATP, XMP, and either NH3 or glutamine (as nitrogen source) were consistent with the ordered addition of MgATP followed by XMP and then NH3. The enzyme catalyzes the exchange of 18O from the beta-nonbridge positions of [beta,beta,beta gamma,gamma,gamma,gamma-18O6]ATP into the alpha beta-bridge position only in the presence of XMP and Mg2+. The exchange reaction did not require NH3. The isotope exchange reaction increased as the XMP concentration increased and then decreased at saturating levels of XMP. These results also support the ordered addition of MgATP followed by XMP. GMP synthetase catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP to AMP and PPi along with an ATP/PPi exchange reaction in the absence of NH3. These data taken together support a mechanism in which the initial step in the enzymatic reaction involves formation of an adenyl-XMP intermediate. Psicofuranine, an irreversible inhibitor of the enzyme, acts by preventing the release or further reaction of adenyl-XMP with H2O or NH3 but does not suppress the isotope exchange or ATP/PPi exchange reactions. GMP synthetase has also been shown to require a free divalent cation for full activity. When Ca2+ replaces Mg2+ in the reaction, the positional isotope exchange reaction is enhanced but the reaction with NH3 to form GMP is greatly suppressed. PMID- 3907702 TI - Structural evidence for leucine at the reactive site of heparin cofactor II. AB - The reaction products formed during the enzymatic inactivation of heparin cofactor II (HCII) by a proteinase isolated from Echis carinatus were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate (NaDodSO4)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. By NaDodSO4-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, limited proteolysis of HCII was observed, which resulted in a decrease in the apparent molecular weight of the protein from approximately 68 000 to approximately 53 000. By reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, at least 20 peptides were observed. Primary structure analysis of these peptides indicated that significant proteolysis had occurred in the NH2 terminal region of the protein. HCII inactivation, however, coincided with the appearance of a peptide from the COOH-terminal region of the protein. The peptide differed from the previously identified reactive site peptide [Griffith, M. J., Noyes, C. M., & Church, F. C. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 2218-2225] by only one residue: a leucyl residue at the NH2-terminal of the peptide. We conclude that leucine, as opposed to the expected arginine, is at the reactive site of HCII. PMID- 3907703 TI - Directed mutagenesis of the redox-active disulfide in the flavoenzyme mercuric ion reductase. AB - Mercuric ion reductase, a flavoenzyme with an active site redox-active cystine, Cys135-Cys140, is an unusual enzyme that reduces Hg(II) to Hg(0) with stoichiometric NADPH oxidation. To probe the catalytic mechanism, we have constructed two active site Cys to Ser mutations by oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis. The native and the Cys135, Ser140 and Ser135, Cys140 mutant enzymes are expressed on an overproducing plasmid and purified to homogeneity by a one step procedure in high yield. The optical spectra of the mutant proteins are distinct, with the Ser135, Cys140 mutant displaying a thiolate-flavin charge transfer band (Cys140 pKa = 5.2), confirming that Cys140, not Cys135, is in charge-transfer distance both in this mutant and in two electron reduced native enzyme. The native and both mutant proteins are dimers and are precipitated by antibody to native enzyme. Thiol titrations with 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoate) (DTNB) indicate that both mutants contain three kinetically accessible thiols in both oxidized and reduced states. The native enzyme has two titratable thiols when oxidized and four in the two electron reduced state. The native and two Cys to Ser mutant enzymes show differentiable NADPH-dependent catalytic behavior with Hg(SR)2 (R = CH2CH2OH), Hg(CN)2, DTNB, thio-NADP+, and O2, the most striking of which are the activities toward the Hg(II) complexes and DTNB. Only native enzyme reduces Hg(SR)2. The Ser135, Cys140 enzyme alone shows sustained Hg(CN)2 reduction, whereas the native and Cys135, Ser140 enzymes are rapidly inactivated. DTNB reduction is catalyzed by the native and Cys135, Ser140 enzymes, but not by the Ser135, Cys140 enzyme.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3907704 TI - P NMR and mass spectrometry of atropinesterase and some serine proteases phosphorylated with a transition-state analogue. AB - The serine residue in the active center of atropinesterase (AtrE), alpha chymotrypsin (Chymo), and subtilisin A (Sub) and in alpha-chymotrypsinogen (Chymogen) was labeled with a diisopropylphosphoryl (DP) group. The labeled proteins were studied in buffered aqueous solution under various native and denaturing conditions with 31P NMR before and after being subjected to "ageing", a process leading to conversion of the DP group into a monoisopropylphosphoryl (MP) group. Besides, the model compounds Gly-Ser(DP), Gly-Glu-Ser(DP)-Gly-OEt, and diisopropyl hydrogen phosphate were investigated under similar conditions and in other solvents with different hydrogen-bonding capacity. Mass spectrometry was used to analyze products resulting from ageing in the presence of H2(18)O. The 31P chemical shift of the DP proteins increases according to a simple titration curve upon lowering the pH from 9.0 to 5.0. This is ascribed to protonation of a particular histidine residue in the active center that interacts with a nearby isopropoxy group by hydrogen bonding with the ester oxygen. In DP-AtrE, hydrogen bonding at the phosphoryl oxygen dominates the interaction between substituent and protein; in the other DP proteins, nonbonding interactions become more dominant in the order Chymogen less than Chymo less than Sub. DP-AtrE, DP-Chymo, and DP-Sub age according to first-order kinetics. The pH dependence of the reaction rate constant ka indicates that ageing is catalyzed by the protonated histidine, which is responsible for the increase in chemical shift. The direct interaction between the phosphoryl group and the histidine is lost upon ageing whereas there is an increase in the nonbonding interaction of the remaining isopropyl group with the protein in the order Chymo less than Sub less than AtrE. The maximum value of ka when the histidine is fully protonated (kam) increases in the same order. Ageing of the DP enzymes occurs exclusively by C-O fission, yielding 2-propanol and propene. Since the amount of 2-propanol decreased and that of propene increased in the order Chymo to Sub to AtrE, the increase in kam has been interpreted as a shift in character of ageing from mainly SN2 for Chymo to considerably SN1 for AtrE and Sub. This has been attributed to preferential stabilization of the SN1 transition state by an interplay of hydrogen-bonding and nonbonding interactions between the phosphoryl group and the protein.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3907705 TI - Nuclear Overhauser effect studies of the conformations and binding site environments of deoxynucleoside triphosphate substrates bound to DNA polymerase I and its large fragment. AB - The conformations and binding site environments of Mg2+TTP and Mg2+dATP bound to Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I and its large (Klenow) fragment have been investigated by proton NMR. The effect of the large fragment of Pol I on the NMR line widths of the protons of Mg2+TTP detected one binding site for this substrate with a dissociation constant of 300 +/- 100 microM and established simple competitive binding of deoxynucleoside triphosphates at this site in accord with previous equilibrium dialysis experiments with whole Pol I [Englund, P. T., Huberman, J.A., Jovin, T.M., & Kornberg, A. (1969) J. Biol. Chem. 244, 3038]. Primary negative nuclear Overhauser effects were used to calculate interproton distances on enzyme-bound Mg2+dATP and Mg2+TTP. These distances established that each substrate was bound with an anti-glycosidic torsional angle (chi) of 50 +/- 10 degrees for Mg2+dATP and 40 +/- 10 degrees for Mg2+TTP. The sugar pucker of both substrates was predominantly O1'-endo, with a C5'-C4'-C3' O3' exocyclic torsional angle (delta) of 95 +/- 10 degrees for Mg2+dATP and 100 +/- 10 degrees for Mg2+TTP. The consistency of these conformations with those previously proposed, on the basis of distances from Mn2+ at the active site [Sloan, D. L., Loeb, L. A., Mildvan, A.S., & Feldman, R.J. (1975) J. Biol. Chem. 250, 8913], indicates a unique conformation for each bound nucleotide. The chi and delta values of the bound substrates are appropriate for nucleotide units of B DNA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3907706 TI - Characterization of phosphorylated histidine-containing protein (HPr) of the bacterial phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system. AB - The histidine-containing phosphocarrier protein (HPr) of the phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system, when phosphorylated, contains a 1-phosphohistidinyl (1-P-histidinyl) residue (His-15). The properties of this 1-P-histidinyl residue were investigated by using phospho-HPr (P-HPr), P HPr-1, and P-HPr-2. HPr-1 and HPr-2 are deamidated forms of HPr produced by boiling. In addition, HPr-1 produced during frozen storage was investigated. Both pH and temperature dependencies of the rate of hydrolysis of the phosphoryl group of the 1-P-histidinyl residue were investigated. The results show that the 1-P histidinyl residue in HPr and HPr-1 has significantly different properties from free 1-P-histidine and that these differences are attributable to the active-site residues Glu-66 and Arg-17 and the pK of the imidazole group of the 1-P histidinyl residue in P-HPr. The 1-P-histidinyl residue in P-HPr and P-HPr-1 shows a greater lability at physiological pH than the free amino acid. A proposal for the active site of P-HPr is made on the basis of these results and the recently obtained tertiary structure. In contrast, the hydrolysis properties of the 1-P-histidinyl residue in P-HPr-2 were similar to those obtained for either free 1-P-histidine or denatured P-HPr. The loss of activity that is associated with boiling HPr was shown to be due to HPr-2 formation as HPr-1 was found to be fully active. PMID- 3907707 TI - Isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase from bakers' yeast: multistep proofreading in discrimination between isoleucine and valine with modulated accuracy, a scheme for molecular recognition by energy dissipation. AB - For discrimination between isoleucine and valine by isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase from yeast, a multistep sequence is established. The initial discrimination of the substrates is followed by a pretransfer and a posttransfer hydrolytic proofreading process. The overall discrimination factor D was determined from kcat and Km values observed in aminoacylation of tRNAIle-C-C-A with isoleucine and valine. From aminoacylation of the modified tRNA species tRNAIle-C-C-3'dA and tRNAIle-C-C-A (3'NH2), the initial discrimination factor I (valid for the reversible substrate binding) and the proofreading factor P1 (valid for the aminoacyl adenylate formation) could be determined. Factor I was computed from ATP consumption and D1, the overall discrimination factor for this partial reaction which can be obtained from kinetic constants, and P1 was calculated from AMP formation rates. Proofreading factor P2 (valid for aminoacyl transfer reaction) was determined from AMP formation rates observed in aminoacylation of tRNAIle-C-C-A and tRNAIle-C-C-3'dA. From the initial discrimination factor I and the AMP formation rates, discrimination factor DAMP in aminoacylation of tRNAIle C-C-A can be calculated. These values deviate by a factor II from factor D obtained by kinetics which may be due to the fact that for acylation of tRNAIle-C C-A an initial discrimination factor I' = III is valid. The observed overall discrimination varies up to a factor of 16 according to conditions. Under optimal conditions, 38 000 correct aminoacyl-tRNAs are produced per 1 error while the energy of 5.5 ATPs is dissipated. With the determined energetic and molecular flows for the various steps of the enzymatic reaction, a coherent picture of this new type of "far away from equilibrium enzyme" emerges. PMID- 3907708 TI - Mechanisms of carcinogenesis induced by alkylating agents. PMID- 3907709 TI - Somatic cell hybridization in vivo and in vitro in relation to the metastatic phenotype. PMID- 3907710 TI - Translocation of nucleolar phosphoprotein B23 (37 kDa/pI 5.1) induced by selective inhibitors of ribosome synthesis. AB - To elucidate the possible role of nucleolar phosphoprotein B23 in ribosome synthesis, drugs which inhibit the processing of ribosomal RNA were employed. After treatment with actinomycin D, toyocamycin or high doses of alpha-amanitin, a uniform nucleoplasmic fluorescence was observed. Low doses of alpha-amanitin and the protein synthesis inhibitor puromycin and cycloheximide had no effect on protein B23 translocation. By ELISA immunoassay, there was a 60% decrease in the amount of protein B23 in the nucleoli of the actinomycin D-treated cells as compared with the control nucleoli. Conversely, the amount of protein B23 in the nucleoplasm (excluding nucleoli) was 3-fold higher in the actinomycin D-treated cells. Preribosomal ribonucleoprotein particles (pre-rRNPs) were extracted from isolated nucleoli of Novikoff hepatoma ascites cells and fractionated on sucrose density gradients. Protein B23 was found co-localized with the pre-rRNPs as determined by ELISA assays which agrees with previous studies. The proteins in these 80 S and 55 S pre-ribosomal ribonucleoprotein particles were fractionated by 10% gel electrophoresis. Immunoblots showed protein B23 was present in both pre-rRNPs. PMID- 3907711 TI - DNA ligase-AMP adducts: identification of yeast DNA ligase polypeptides. AB - Yeast DNA ligase is radioactively labelled in vitro by incubating a crude cell extract with [alpha-32P]ATP. The product of this reaction is the stable covalent ligase-AMP adduct, which can be characterized by its reactivity with either pyrophosphate or nicked DNA and visualized by gel electrophoresis and autoradiography. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae DNA ligase was identified as an 89 kDa polypeptide by exploiting the fact that transformants with multiple copies of the plasmid-encoded DNA ligase (CDC9) gene overproduce the enzyme by two orders of magnitude. A similar strategy has been used to identify the Schizosaccharomyces pombe DNA ligase as an 87 kDa polypeptide. Both values agree well with the coding capacities of the respective cloned gene sequences. When the S. cerevisiae ligase is greatly overproduced with respect to wild-type levels, a second polypeptide of 78.5 kDa is also labelled and has the same properties as the 89 kDa adduct. We suggest that this polypeptide is generated by proteolysis. PMID- 3907712 TI - Isolation and characterization of the multiple charge isoforms of acyl-CoA synthetase from Escherichia coli. AB - The three fractions of acyl-CoA synthetase differing in isoelectric pH were isolated from Escherichia coli by isoelectric focusing and characterized. They had the same molecular weight and identical immunochemical properties. The three fractions differed appreciably in pH-velocity profiles. These fractions had distinguishable thermal stabilities and peptide patterns obtained after limited proteolysis. Apparent Km and Vmax values for fatty acids were also significantly different in these fractions, although the specificity ranged from C8 to C18 fatty acids with maximum activity for lauric acid in all fractions. PMID- 3907713 TI - [Molecular mechanisms of the adaptive response to alkylating agents]. PMID- 3907714 TI - Protein kinase C: properties and possible role in cellular division and differentiation. AB - Protein kinase C was first described some eight years ago. Recent results indicate that this kinase may have a crucial role in signal transduction for substances involved in cellular differentiation and division. Protein kinase C is activated by attachment to plasma membranes, in the presence of calcium and diacylglycerol. The activator is produced in the membrane following the signal induced breakdown of phosphoinositides. Tumor promoters, such as phorbol ester, can substitute for diacylglycerol. The recent findings that: tyrosine kinases might be involved in the phosphoinositide turnover and, phosphorylation of growth factor receptors by protein kinase C regulates some of their functions, indicate more and more clearly that this kinase is involved in the control of cell growth division and differentiation. Purification procedures, properties and mechanisms of regulation will be summarized and discussed. PMID- 3907715 TI - Biological action and fate of photoaffinity-labelled insulin-receptor complexes. AB - Covalent linking of two photoactivatable insulin derivatives, B2-(2-nitro,4 azidophenylacetyl)-des-PheB1-insulin and B29-(2-nitro,4-azidophenylacetyl) insulin to viable rat adipocytes gives a system, which contains a fixed stoichiometry between hormone and receptor. The biological signal of prolonged lipogenesis has been used to study several aspects of insulin binding and action: the role of the site of the crosslink between insulin and receptor, recognition of bound photoinsulin by anti-insulin antibodies, the half-life of the biologically active complex, the pH-dependence of the biological signal, and the possible role of internalization. Furthermore, the effect of trypsin on the insulin receptor, as well as the insulin-receptor complex, has been investigated and a refined model of the receptor is presented. PMID- 3907716 TI - Insulin regulation of protein phosphorylation in hepatocytes. Studies using two effectors: amiloride and natural aliphatic polyamines. AB - The effects of amiloride and of natural aliphatic polyamines on basal and hormone stimulated protein phosphorylations in hepatocytes were studied. Cells isolated from adult rats were incubated in suspension with (32P)-orthophosphate, in the absence or presence of the effectors at varying concentrations and for different times; hepatocytes were then exposed to various hormones for 10 min. Phosphoproteins contained in total cell lysates were analyzed by one- and two dimensional gel electrophoresis and autoradiography. Amiloride and spermine (the most effective amine) decreased the basal level of phosphorylation of proteins of 46, 34 and 22 kDal, and increased that of 18 kDal and 93 kDal proteins. These effects were maximal with external concentrations of 1 mM and 7.5-10 mM amiloride and spermine, respectively. They were detectable after a lag period of about 10 min and reached a plateau after 45 min. Pretreatment of cells with these effectors almost completely prevented stimulation of the phosphorylation of the 46 and 34 kDal proteins by insulin. In contrast, the effects of vasopressin on the same proteins were only partly inhibited, whereas those of glucagon appeared largely unaffected. The major effect observed in intact cells (i.e., decreased phosphorylation) could be reproduced in a cell-free system where no kinase activity persisted. Amiloride or spermine added directly to cell extracts strongly accelerated the dephosphorylation of 46 kDal protein and also of the 61 kDal protein identified as pyruvate kinase. Furthermore, restoration of the activity of this enzyme occurred concomitantly with dephosphorylation of the 61 kDal protein, an observation supporting the notion that amiloride and spermine could activate a phosphoprotein phosphatase. PMID- 3907717 TI - Degradation of insulin receptors by hepatoma cells: insulin-induced down regulation results from an increase in the rate of basal receptor degradation. AB - The degradation of insulin receptors was studied in cultured Zajdela hepatoma cells (ZHC). Receptor distribution within the cell was evaluated by estimating: i) surface receptor level on entire cells, ii) total cell receptors solubilized by Triton from cell membranes and iii) intracellular receptors solubilized from cells whose surface receptors had been inactivated with trypsin. In the absence of insulin, 80-90% of the insulin binding sites were located on the cell surface. When insulin was added, a rapid decrease of surface receptors was observed. After 2 h, their level was reduced nearly by half; this reduction was accounted for by an actual receptor loss from the cell without an increase in the intracellular pool. These results indicate that insulin enhanced the rate of receptor degradation within the cell. Basal receptor inactivation was studied by using tunicamycin which inhibits new receptor synthesis. The surface receptor number was decreased with a half-life of 7 h, while the level of internal sites remained unchanged. Both basal and insulin-activated receptor degradation were markedly slowed down by chloroquine or dansylcadaverine, indicating the importance of endocytic pathways in this process. Similarly, when de novo protein glycosylation was inhibited for 24 h by tunicamycin, both basal and insulin-activated receptor inactivation were precluded.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3907718 TI - Insulin receptor internalization and recycling: mechanism and significance. AB - Using a 125I-photoreactive insulin analogue that can be covalently coupled to its receptor we have shown that in rat hepatocytes the insulin receptor is concomitantly internalized with the labeled hormone and afterwards is progressively recycled back to the cell surface. In the course of the internalization process the insulin-receptor complex associates with clear vesicles and later on with lysosomes from which it is recycled through clear vesicles. On the basis of these observations it is suggested that modulation of the rates of internalization and of recycling of the insulin receptor can regulate the number of available surface insulin receptors. This hypothesis is supported by the results of experiments showing that monensin, an inhibitor of receptor recycling enhances insulin induced loss of its own surface receptors (down regulation) in U-937 monocytes. PMID- 3907720 TI - Insulin-like growth factor I/somatomedin C action on 2-deoxyglucose and alpha amino isobutyrate uptake in chick embryo fibroblasts. AB - Maximum 125I-IGF-I/Sm-C total binding to chick embryo fibroblasts was 3% at +37 degrees C and decreased to less than 1% in presence of 2.8 X 10(-9) M unlabelled IGF-I/Sm-C. Insulin did not compete with IGF-I/Sm-C for the binding to cells. Biological action of IGF-I/Sm-C was evaluated on 2-deoxyglucose and alpha aminoisobutyrate uptake. Results are compared with those obtained with insulin. Maximal peptide effects on the two transport processes were obtained at a 0.65 X 10(-7) M concentration and for a 120 minute association time, whereas cells were markedly less sensitive to insulin and time response curves were different. These results suggest that insulin action on nutrient uptake in chick embryo fibroblasts is not mediated by the binding of the hormone to IGF-I/Sm-C receptors. PMID- 3907719 TI - Insulin receptors in the mammalian central nervous system: binding characteristics and subunit structure. AB - Insulin receptors in rat and human central nervous system have been identified by binding of 125I-insulin on purified synaptic plasma membranes; affinity labelling of receptors by chemical cross-linking 125I-insulin; or phosphorylation of receptors with [gamma-32P]ATP. Brain insulin receptors showed significant differences in their binding characteristics and subunit structure when compared with receptors in other tissues like adipose and liver cells: absence of negatively cooperative interactions; a distinct binding specificity i.e. porcine proinsulin, coypu insulin and insulin-like growth factor I and II showed 2-5 times higher binding affinity in brain than in other cell types; a smaller molecular size of the brain receptor alpha-subunit than in other tissues (Mr approximately 115,000 instead of 130,000). In contrast, the size (Mr approximately 94,000) and function of the insulin receptor beta-subunit kinase was identical with that described in other cells. We conclude, that insulin receptors in mammalian brain represent a receptor subtype which may mediate growth rather than metabolic activity of insulin. PMID- 3907721 TI - Characteristics of insulin binding to H35 hepatoma cells. AB - Well differentiated hepatoma cells in culture exhibit insulin binding and insulin effects. We have studied insulin binding in control and in H35 hepatoma cells down-regulated with insulin. H35 cells were grown in monolayers in alpha MEM. Insulin binding was measured with A14 mono 125I labelled insulin 72 h after seeding. Binding was time, temperature and pH-dependent. Receptor down-regulation was studied by exposing cells to increasing concentrations of unlabelled insulin. Monolayers preincubated with 10 micrograms/ml unlabelled insulin for 24 h showed a decrease of 65% in the number of insulin binding sites. There was no change in affinity. PMID- 3907722 TI - [Metabolism of 18S-rRNA in rat liver cells in different functional states of the protein-synthesizing apparatus]. AB - The ratio of absolute radioactivities of 28S and 18S ribosomal RNA in membrane bound and free polysomes and in free ribosomes of rat liver were studied under conditions of translation inhibition by cycloheximide, insulin and cAMP. Insulin and cAMP, in contrast with cycloheximide, did not induce selective degradation of 18S-rRNA. The data obtained are discussed in terms of the feasible role of S6 protein phosphorylation in degradation of the 40S ribosomal subunit. PMID- 3907723 TI - [Site-specificity of DNA methylases from Shigella sonnei 47 cells]. AB - A complex approach involving isoplith analysis, enzymatic treatment of methylated isopliths and a computer analysis of experimental data has been used for determining site specificity of six methylases from Shigella sonnei 47 cells termed according to their specificity for a nitrous base and pI as MC4.2, MC5.3, MC6.2, MC7.4, MC8.4 and MA9.5. It has been found that the recognition site of MA9.5 is a palyndrome six-member structure of the 5'...GAATTC...3' type and that this enzyme is an isometimer with respect to MEcoRI. It has been demonstrated for the first time for methylases that the recognition site of MC4.2 is represented by a non-symmetrical four-member sequence, 5'...NCCCCN...3' characterized by unique blocking of cytosines. MC8.4 possesses a broad specificity of substrate recognition and methylates the cytosine residue within the composition of the non symmetrical unique sequence 5'...N (C/Pu) CCN...3', whose 5'-terminal base is depleted in three nucleotides. MC5.3 methylates the 3'-terminal cytosine residue within the composition of the pentanucleotide palindrome recognition site, 5'...CCNGG...3'. MC6.2 and MC7.4 possess identical pentanucleotide recognition sites of 5'...(Py)CNG(Pu)...3', but are distinguished in pI. The latter finding has been shown for the first time for different methylases within one strain. PMID- 3907724 TI - [Effect of serotonin on the yield of UV- and x ray-induced DNA damage]. AB - Using two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography, the effect of serotonin on the yield of thymine dimers and on cleavage of the N-glycosidic bond in the DNA irradiated with ultraviolet (UV) light and X-ray was studied. Bound serotonin was shown to reduce the synthesis of UV-induced thymine dimers but had no effect on the number of X-ray-induced breaks in the N-glycoside bonds in thymidine residues. The data obtained are discussed in terms of the mechanisms of serotonin involvement in the photoprotection of yeast cells from the lethal action of UV and X-ray irradiations. PMID- 3907725 TI - Effects of expectancy on physiological responsivity in novice meditators. AB - Forty non-meditators were randomly assigned to 4 experimental cells devised to control for order and expectation effects. The subjects (all female) were continuously monitored on 7 physiological measures during both meditation and rest. Each subject was her own control in an 'abab' experimental paradigm comparing meditation to rest. The subjects, meditating for the first time, showed marginally lower psychophysiological arousal during the meditation than rest condition for systolic blood pressure, heart rate, skin conductance level and digital skin temperature. Deliberately fostering positive expectations of meditation was associated with lower physiological arousal in terms of diastolic and systolic blood pressure, heart rate and skin conductance level. PMID- 3907726 TI - Localization of ornithine decarboxylase in rat testicular cells and epididymal spermatozoa. AB - We have employed a monospecific, polyclonal antibody to ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) for the immunocytochemical localization of ODC in freshly isolated testicular cells, epididymal spermatozoa, and cultured Sertoli cells. Antigenically detectable material was present in the cytoplasm of all cell types tested and was highly concentrated in the acrosomal vesicle of round spermatids and in the acrosome region of epididymal spermatozoa. The specific enzymatic activity of ODC, as measured biochemically, was much higher in the interstitial cells than in the other testicular cell types, and no ODC activity was detected in the epididymal spermatozoa or in the Sertoli cells after 5 days in culture. These studies showed that, while all testicular cell types studied contained ODC like immunoreactive molecules, only testicular germ cells and interstitial cells exhibited detectable ODC activity. PMID- 3907728 TI - Theory of the effect of extracellular potassium on oscillations in the pancreatic beta-cell. AB - Based on the observation that potassium ions are compartmentalized near the surface of pancreatic beta-cells in mouse islets (Perez-Armendariz, E.M., I. Atwater, and E. Rojas 1985, Biophys. J. 48:741-749), we present a theoretical treatment of the effect of external potassium on oscillations in the pancreatic beta-cell. Our model includes the effects of ionic diffusion, the Ca2+-activated K+ channel, voltage-gated K+ and Ca2+ channels, and some of the effects of glucose. It is described by four ordinary differential equations. Numerical integration of these equations allows us to examine the effect of glucose, external K+, quinine, and tetraethylammonium ion (TEA) on the oscillations in membrane potential, intracellular Ca2+, and compartmentalized K+. The results are in good agreement with experiment. PMID- 3907727 TI - Glucose-induced oscillatory changes in extracellular ionized potassium concentration in mouse islets of Langerhans. AB - Liquid membrane [K+]-sensitive microelectrodes (1-2 micron tip diameter) were used to measure the extracellular ionized potassium concentration in mouse pancreatic islets of Langerhans. With the tip of the microelectrode at the surface of the islet, the time course of the [K+]-sensitive electrode potential changes in response to the application of rapid changes in [K+]o (from 1.25 to 5 mM), could be reproduced by the equation for K+-diffusion through a 100-micron thick unstirred layer around the islet (diffusion coefficient for K+ at 27 degrees C, DK,o, taken as 1.83 X 10(-5) cm2/s). The time to reach 63% of the steady-state electrode response with the tip in the chamber at the surface of the islet was from 5 to 6 s. When the tip of the [K+]-sensitive electrode was placed in the islet tissue, the time for the response to reach 63% of the steady-state level increased. The time course of the [K+]-sensitive electrode response could be reproduced using the same diffusion model assuming that K+ diffusion into the islet tissue takes place in a tortuous intercellular path with an apparent diffusion coefficient, DK,I, about half of DK,o, in series with the unstirred layer around the islet. In the absence of glucose the potassium concentration in the extracellular space, [K+]I, was found to be higher than the concentration in the external modified Krebs solution, [K+]o. The difference in concentration [K+]I - [K+]o was greater when [K+]o was smaller than 2 mM. In the presence of glucose (between 11 and 16 mM), under steady-state conditions, small oscillatory changes in the [K+], (1.48 +/- 0.94 mM) were detected. Simultaneous recording of membrane potential from one B-cell and [K+], in the same islet indicated that the potassium concentration increased during the active phase of the bursts of electrical activity. Maximum concentration in the intercellular was reached near the end of the active phase of the bursts. We propose that the space between islet cells constitutes a restricted diffusion system where potassium accumulates during the transient activation of potassium channels. PMID- 3907730 TI - Is the "soluble" phase of cells structured? AB - Evidence suggesting that small molecular-weight precursors as well as polymers such as proteins and RNA, are not homogeneously distributed in the "soluble" phase of the cell, and that there may be, on one hand, hitherto unidentified barriers to normal diffusion within the cell and, on the other, channels through which certain molecular species may move in the cell sap much faster than their diffusion coefficients will permit, is discussed. Some implications of such barriers and channels, if they exist, are stated. PMID- 3907731 TI - [Use of semithin sections for the histochemical study of carbohydrate-containing biopolymers in cells and tissues with the aid of lectins]. AB - A sensitive method of histochemical analysis of cellular and tissue glycoconjugates on semithin sections using lectins is suggested. For fixation tissue bioptates were incubated for 4 h in a 2.5% glutaraldehyde in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) at 4 degrees C, then washed for 1 h in 0.2 M glycine in PBS. After epon-araldite embedment and preparation of semithin sections, the resin was removed in saturated ethanol-KOH solution during 5-10 s. Endogenous perooxidase was inactivated in methanol containing 0.3% H2O2. For identification of lectin-binding sites semithin sections were incubated for 30 min in a 0.005% solution of lectin-peroxidase conjugate in PBS and visualized by 0.05% diaminobezidine solution in PBS, containing 0.015% H2O2. The method described ensures good preservation of cellular and tissue glycoconjugates and is highly specific and sensitive. PMID- 3907729 TI - Charge recombination kinetics as a probe of protonation of the primary acceptor in photosynthetic reaction centers. AB - The kinetics of the charge recombination D+QA-----DQA was used to probe the protonation of the primary acceptor in reaction centers from Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides, in which the native ubiquinone was replaced by anthraquinone. We found that QA- is stabilized by the rapid (t less than 10(-2) s) binding of a proton, with a pK of 9.8. The distance between QA- and the proton binding site was estimated to be larger than approximately 5 A. PMID- 3907732 TI - Sources of physiological variation in differential leukocyte counting. AB - A statistical analysis is provided on the diurnal and day-to-day variations of individuals in order to validate the usefulness of high precision differential counts. There is a significant within-day variability that interferes with monitoring of individual patients unless a constant time of day is chosen for sampling. An experiment with endotoxin illustrates possible changes that can be monitored with highly precise counts, and several examples are given of monitoring patients over the course of an illness. Conclusions are that all the cell types of the differential respond independently to a variety of physiological and pathological stimuli. Information obtained will be as valuable as the care with which sample acquisition and other factors are controlled. PMID- 3907733 TI - [Medical treatment of soft-tissue sarcomas in adults]. AB - Soft tissue sarcomas are rare tumors. There is a lot of histologic varieties but the natural history and the prognosis are very similar. Surgery remains the first step of the treatment policy. Radiotherapy, given additionally, can prevent local relapse. Till now, chemotherapy was given to patientes with advanced diseases. Except doxorubicine and ifosfamide much drugs act poorly in the solft tissue sarcomas. CYVADIC is the best combination available. One randomized study has established the value of adjuvant chemotherapy in soft tissue sarcomas of the extremities. The real place of chemotherapy, probably will be in the next years, beside surgery and radiotherapy, in a multidisciplinary combined approach. PMID- 3907734 TI - [Invasion, metastases of solid tumors. Interaction of tumor cells with tissue and vascular basement membranes]. AB - Since early antiquity malignant tumors have been recognized and characterized by: 1) their particular local-regional invasive properties. Developing irregularly from the primary tumor mass, the invasion of adjacent tissues often displays classical crab-like images which distinguish, macroscopically and microscopically, malignant tumors from benign tumors. 2) their metastatic capacities. Even though they have been taught since the time of Hippocrates, the specific clinical characteristics of malignant tumors have only recently been apprehended and studied on cellular and biochemical levels. The development of the metastatic phenomenon is a complex chain of events limited to only a few tumor subpopulations. Like every biological study knowledge has progressed over the past years only by concentration of efforts on some of these stages: Invasion associated with disorganization and destruction of basement membranes; Migration of metastatic tumor cells in the stroma and bridging of vascular basal membranes; Colonization of target tissues by recognition and penetration of specific vascular membranes, establishment and concentric development within these tissues. These three stages result from successive interactions between multiple cellular and biochemical phenomena. This review is a schema of our present knowledge of tumor invasion, and more precisely of that concerning the relations between tumor cells and extracellular matrices, particularly basal membranes, leading to a definition of the cellular phenotype with a high metastatic potential. PMID- 3907735 TI - [Cancer of the prostate: value of bone scintigraphy. Point of view]. AB - Radionuclide bone scanning carried out with technetium radiopharmaceutics detects almost all prostatic carcinoma osseous metastases. It is easy to recognize focal areas of increased tracer uptake or a diffuse increased uptake, and the test provides a synthetic view of the entire skeleton. Complementary bone radiographs are necessary if the diagnosis remains doubtful, if mechanical complications are searched and if there is a post-radiotherapeutic decrease of the tracer uptake. A bone scan is necessary before the radical treatment of the primary tumour, in order to rule out the possibility of bone metastases. The initial bone scan has also a pronostic value. However, in the follow-up of initially non-metastatic patients, serial bone scans should not be realized when clinical symptoms or biological abnormalities lack. Bone scintigraphy is also useful to monitor the course of bone metastases under treatment, especially when the value of new therapeutic agents is investigated. PMID- 3907736 TI - Effect of 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4,5-T) on the morphology of Klebsiella spp. from environmental and clinical sources. PMID- 3907737 TI - Bronchoalveolar lavage in interstitial lung diseases. PMID- 3907739 TI - Current research trends in cystic fibrosis (mucoviscidosis). PMID- 3907738 TI - No demonstrable effect of sobrerol as an expectorant in patients with stable chronic bronchial diseases. AB - A randomized double-blind cross-over study compared the clinical effectiveness of a 14-day treatment with 400 mg X day-1 of sobrerol and placebo in 23 patients with stable chronic bronchial disease. During the seven week trial, subjective symptoms and findings (cough frequency and severity, difficulty in raising sputum, dyspnoea) were recorded, pulmonary function tests performed and sputum physical characteristics (24-h sputum volume, purulence, cell concentration, protein, sputum dry weight and "apparent" viscosity) determined on a regular basis. Side-effects were closely monitored. Both subjective assessment of overall clinical efficacy as well as statistical analysis of the above mentioned factors failed to show any significant advantage of sobrerol to placebo--except for a transient decrease of the 24-h sputum volume. Sobrerol appears to be another example of an expectorant lacking evidence of clinical effectiveness in the management of chronic bronchial secretions. PMID- 3907740 TI - Dietary and pharmacological alterations in endogenous angiotensin II: effect on noradrenaline pressor responsiveness in the rat. AB - Rats were placed on either a low sodium intake (low sodium diet 0.025% dry weight, tap water for drinking) or a high sodium intake (normal sodium diet 0.45% dry weight, 0.9% saline for drinking) for 10 days. The pressor-response curve to angiotensin II in rats previously on a high sodium intake was shifted to the left of that found in rats previously on a low sodium intake. Suppression of endogenous angiotensin II formation with captopril (0.3 mg kg-1) or acute volume repletion (3% body wt per 30 min) resulted in a significant parallel shift of the pressor-response curve for angiotensin II to the left in the low salt group. In the high salt group captopril produced a similar but smaller parallel shift of the dose-response curve to the left. Similar manipulation of endogenous angiotensin II concentrations with high and low salt intake plus captopril treatment or acute volume repletion, produced no alterations in the pressor response for noradrenaline. The attenuated in vivo response to angiotensin II in the low salt intake group may be explained in part by the suppressed vascular sensitivity to angiotensin II in this group, as measured in the isolated perfused kidney of the rat. In kidneys from rats previously on a low sodium intake, an enhanced maximal vasoconstrictor response to noradrenaline was observed as compared to kidneys from high sodium intake rats. These results indicate that, whereas alterations in endogenous angiotensin II concentrations within physiological limits affects the response to exogenous angiotensin, there is little if any effect on the pressor response to noradrenaline. PMID- 3907741 TI - Sex therapy--a critical appraisal. PMID- 3907742 TI - The sexual side-effects of antidepressant medication: a double-blind comparison of two antidepressants in a non-psychiatric population. AB - Clinical reports have suggested that antidepressant medication may contribute to the sexual dysfunction experienced by some depressed patients. A double-blind trial in a non-psychiatric male population compared amitriptyline (tricyclic), mianserin (tetracyclic) and placebo for their effects on nocturnal sexual arousal. In a three-way crossover design active drug or placebo were taken for two weeks preceding measurement of the frequency, amplitude and duration of nocturnal penile tumescence and synchronous sleep indices. Both active compounds significantly decreased the amplitude and the total duration of nocturnal erections. The effects on sleep indices were as previously reported. Few differences were found between the tricyclic and tetracyclic drugs. Some implications of these findings are considered. PMID- 3907744 TI - Pretectal complex and accessory optic system of primates. AB - In the present report, conflicting results regarding the pretectal complex and accessory optic system of primates are discussed. Subsequently data are presented and used in an attempt to clarify some of the issues. The retinal projections to the pretectal complex and accessory optic system of the tree shrew and squirrel monkey were examined using anterograde autoradiographic methods. These data demonstrate that, following intraocular injections of 3H-proline or 3H-fucose in the tree shrew, silver grains are apparent bilaterally over the pretectal olivary nucleus and the anterior and posterior pretectal nuclei and contralaterally over the nucleus of the optic tract. Following intraocular injections of the 3H-tracer in squirrel monkeys, dense transported label is observed bilaterally over the pretectal olivary nucleus and the nucleus of the optic tract with sparse label over the posterior and medial pretectal nuclei. In both the tree shrew and squirrel monkey, a differential retinal projection is observed, chiefly contralaterally, to all accessory optic terminal nuclei (i.e., the dorsal, lateral and medial terminal nuclei). PMID- 3907743 TI - Shin splints--a literature review. AB - "Shin splints" is not a specific diagnosis. It is merely a descriptive term that describes chronic exertional shin pain in an athlete. The evidence seems clear that shin splint pain has many different causes and this reflects the variation in the anatomy. It would be preferable to describe shin splint pain by location and aetiology, for example, lower medial tibial pain due to periostitis or upper lateral tibial pain due to elevated compartment pressure. This would aid communication between physicians and also direct therapy more accurately. PMID- 3907745 TI - Pretectal and accessory-optic visual nuclei of fish, amphibia and reptiles: theme and variations. AB - The organization of the accessory optic and pretectal circuits is surveyed in a variety of poikilotherms and the conclusion drawn that a common organizational pattern exists. This pattern consists of the presence of three optic pretectal nuclei located rostrocaudally in lateral-superficial, central and dorsomedial (or periventricular) positions. Furthermore, a well-defined basal optic tract and ventrolaterally placed terminal field at the level of the oculomotor nucleus appears to be a consistent feature among bony fish, amphibians and reptiles. The possible role of these circuits in in visuomotor behaviors is discussed. PMID- 3907746 TI - Accessory optic system and pretectum of birds: comparisons with those of other vertebrates. AB - We compare the functional and anatomical organization in birds and other vertebrates of the accessory optic nuclei and of those pretectal nuclei implicated in optokinetic responses. In all vertebrate groups, the neurons in these nuclei respond most strongly to slow large-field visual motion in particular directions; the several nuclei differ in the direction of stimulus motion that evokes the best response. These nuclei are essential for optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) in all species examined; the pretectum is necessary for horizontal OKN and the accessory optic nuclei for OKN in other directions. At least in the accessory optic system of birds, the directional parcellation is not well-developed at hatching and requires visual experience to develop normally. There is evidence that the accessory optic system may play a role in transforming the visual motion signal from retinal coordinates into vestibular or oculomotor coordinates. In regard to anatomical connections, in all vertebrate groups studied, the accessory optic and pretectal nuclei project either directly or indirectly to the cerebellum; in addition, the accessory optic system and pretectum are extensively reciprocally connected. In some groups, but not in others, projections have been discovered from the accessory optic system and pretectum to the extraocular motor nuclei and from the accessory optic system to both the vestibular complex and the interstitial nucleus of Cajal. PMID- 3907747 TI - Separation of the motor consequences from other actions of unilateral 6 hydroxydopamine lesions in the nigrostriatal neurones of rat brain. AB - Male rats showed a clear preference for one forepaw when they were trained to press a lever for food reward. The preference was then changed by training, by local anaesthetic injection into the preferred paw, by lesions in the striatal output pathways in the brain, or by neurotoxin injection into the striatum contralateral to the side of the preferred paw. The pressing rate was not changed in spite of the change in paw use in any of these operations. This result is in marked contrast to the effect of reducing the dopamine concentration on the side contralateral to the preferred paw; in this case a marked reduction in responding is seen as well as the change in paw use. Thus medial forebrain bundle 6 hydroxydopamine lesions are more debilitating than either striatal damage or peripheral paralysis at least in the short term. PMID- 3907748 TI - Monoclonal antibodies specific for glia in the chick nervous system. AB - Two monoclonal antibodies that bind to previously undescribed glial antigens are discussed. One antibody, 3A7, binds to Muller cells in the chick retina and radial glia in the optic tectum. The other, 7G4, also binds to Muller cells, However, in the tectum it binds to a small cell type in the stratum opticum. The developmental appearance of the antigens and their localization in cells in tissue culture are also presented. PMID- 3907749 TI - Neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity in the lumbosacral pia mater in normal cats and after sciatic neuroma formation. AB - An indirect immunohistochemical technique was used to identify neuropeptide Y (NPY)-immunoreactive nerve fibers in the lumbosacral pia mater of normal cats and in kittens previously subjected to sciatic nerve resection. It was shown that NPY positive fibers both associated with blood vessels and lacking vascular relation occur in the pia mater of normal cats. After nerve lesion some fibers which were not associated with blood vessels ramified extensively in the pia mater and formed thin beaded branches which ended blindly. PMID- 3907750 TI - Localization of calcitonin gene-related peptide in the organ of Corti of the rat: an immunohistochemical study. AB - The localization of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-like immunoreactive (CGRPI) structures in the cochlea was examined in the rat using immunocytochemistry. Numerous CGRPI fibers entered the organ of Corti in the intraganglionic spiral bundle and formed a dense fiber patch at the base of the inner hair cells. Much fewer, but still a significant number of CGRPI fibers were seen at the synaptic region of the outer hair cells. Since no immunoreactive cells were seen in the organ of Corti and spinal ganglion, these fibers may be one of the major components of the olivocochlear bundles originated from the superior olivary complex. PMID- 3907751 TI - Some cholecystokinin-8 immunoreactive fibers in large pial arteries originate from trigeminal ganglion. AB - Cholecystokinin-8 immunoreactive (CCK8I) nerve fibers were demonstrated in whole mount preparations and cross-sections of pial blood vessels in the cat, guinea pig and rat using a specific antiserum and the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method. Positive fibers were present in nearly all pial arteries examined, and were located in the adventitial layer and at the junction of the adventitia and media. In general, CCK8I fibers were less abundant than substance P immunoreactive (SPI) fibers visualized in the same vessels. A marked depletion of CCK8I was noted in large cerebral arteries following treatment of adult guinea pigs with capsaicin, a drug shown previously to deplete CCK8 in some primary sensory neurons. The density of CCK8I-containing fibers was also decreased in the ipsilateral vessels of the cat circle of Willis following unilateral trigeminal ganglionectomies. These results indicate that CCK8I is contained in afferent fibers within large pial arteries of Willis' circle which project from neurons in the ipsilateral trigeminal ganglion. Whether CCK8 coexists with SP in these fibers remains to be determined. PMID- 3907752 TI - Distribution of enkephalin-immunoreactive neurons in the forebrain and upper brainstem of the squirrel monkey. AB - The distribution of enkephalin-immunoreactive neuronal profiles in the forebrain and upper brainstem of the squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus) was studied by means of the indirect immunofluorescence method. Numerous enkephalin immunoreactive cell bodies and fibers were disclosed in various regions including cerebral cortex, hippocampus, caudate nucleus, putamen, nucleus accumbens, septal area, olfactory tubercle, substantia innominata, amygdala, various hypothalamic and thalamic nuclei, periaqueductal gray, midbrain reticular formation and interpeduncular nucleus. Some of the highest concentrations of enkephalin positive fibers in the squirrel monkey brain were found in the external segment of the globus pallidus, the outer layer of the median eminence, and in the pars reticulata of the substantia nigra. Overall, the pattern of distribution of the enkephalin-immunoreactive cell bodies and fibers in the forebrain and upper brainstem of the squirrel monkey is similar to that found in the rat, except that the density of positive neuronal profiles in the entire forebrain appears much higher in monkey than in rat. Furthermore, the very dense network of enkephalin immunoreactive fibers disclosed in the substantia nigra pars reticulata of monkey appears to be lacking in rat. PMID- 3907753 TI - Localization of gamma-aminobutyric acid and glutamic acid decarboxylase in rhesus monkey retina. AB - Use of antisera directed against gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and L-glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) in the retina of rhesus monkey reveals immunoreactivity in about one-third of amacrine and horizontal cells and in a subclass of cells situated within the ganglion cell layer. Within the inner plexiform layer neuronal processes form 3 heavily immunoreactive bands which alternate with two lightly reactive bands. Further, a dense narrow band of staining was observed in the scleral half of the outer plexiform layer. Muller cells and their processes are stained with anti-GABA but not with anti-GAD, suggesting that these glial cells take up, but do not synthesize GABA. PMID- 3907754 TI - Developing rat brain binds monoiodinated insulin isomers similarly to other extrahepatic target tissues. AB - We recently reported a series of binding and metabolic studies which led to the conclusion that the developing rat brain is a target tissue for insulin. Since insulin target tissues (extrahepatic) are capable of differentiating between various monoiodoinsulin isomers, we measured the binding of the B26 monoiodoinsulin isomer compared to the A14 in newborn rat brain preparations to determine if the developing rat brain shared the same relative binding of these isomers (viz. B26 greater than A14) with other extrahepatic tissues. The B26 isomer bound 1.57, 1.50 and 1.34 times as much as did the A14 to brain membranes, glia and neurons, respectively, whereas both isomers were bound equally by liver plasma membranes. Competition-inhibition curves were generated using homologous unlabeled (127I) insulin isomers. Binding of the B26 isomer was greater than the A14 at all concentrations. Scatchard plots showed that the receptor concentrations for the two isomers were similar, and affinity profiles showed that the differences in binding could be accounted for by the greater affinity of the receptors for the B26 isomer. The results indicate that the developing rat brain shares with other extrahepatic insulin target tissues a greater affinity for B26 monoiodoinsulin isomer compared to A14. Future studies of insulin binding should avoid using mixtures of iodinated insulins so that a uniform interpretation of data is made possible. PMID- 3907755 TI - Neurotoxic amino acid lesions of the lateral hypothalamus: a parametric comparison of the effects of ibotenate, N-methyl-D,L-aspartate and quisqualate in the rat. AB - Separate groups of rats received unilateral lesions of the lateral hypothalamus by one of the 3 amino-acid neurotoxins, ibotenic acid (IBO), N-methyl-D,L aspartic acid (NMA) or quisqualic acid (QA). A parametric comparison was made between the toxins on the extent of neuronal cell loss and the specificity of damage, by a systematic variation of both the volume (0.25-1.0 mm3) and concentration (0.03-0.12 M) injected. Neurotoxic potency on hypothalamic neurones varied in the order IBO greater than NMA greater than QA. All 3 toxins spared magnocellular supraoptic and accessory nuclei as well as medial hypothalamic neurones. Extrahypothalamic damage differed between the toxins: ventral thalamic neurones were susceptible to NMA and QA but only slightly to IBO, whereas the medial amygdala was sensitive to IBO but not NMA or QA. All 3 toxins spared ascending monoamine systems passing through the lateral hypothalamus, as assessed by biochemical assays of forebrain dopamine and serotonin. However, IBO induced a bilateral increase in dopamine levels, which was interpreted as an indirect consequence of the loss of lateral hypothalamic efferents projecting to the midbrain. PMID- 3907756 TI - Cholinergic innervation of the rat dentate gyrus: an immunocytochemical and electron microscopical study. AB - Immunocytochemical studies using a monoclonal antibody to choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) were performed on sections of rat dentate gyrus. Light microscopical analysis of the immunoreactivity revealed dense fiber networks and many punctate structures predominantly located at the interface of the granule cell layer and molecular layer. In the electron microscope, the immunostained punctate structures were identified as synaptic boutons which formed mainly symmetrical contacts onto dendritic elements. Few ChAT-immunoreactive boutons formed axosomatic contacts. PMID- 3907757 TI - Mushroom body feedback interneurones in the honeybee show GABA-like immunoreactivity. AB - The distribution of the transmitter substance GABA was investigated in the mushroom body neuropile of the honeybee by means of immunohistochemistry. The protocerebro-calycal tract (PCT) links a mushroom body output area with the calycal input sites. Interneurones contained within the PCT exhibit GABA-like immunoreactivity and may function as negative feedback loop. PMID- 3907758 TI - [Kidney transplantations and organ donors. Evaluation of 12 years' activity at the Angers University Hospital Center]. PMID- 3907760 TI - [Molded ceramics (the Cerestore system). 1: Description of the technic]. PMID- 3907759 TI - [Headache after lumbar puncture in spinal anesthesia. Analysis of risk factors]. PMID- 3907761 TI - [A new dental ceramic: cast glass ceramics]. PMID- 3907762 TI - [Light-bonding with the laser]. PMID- 3907763 TI - [Toward a new symbolism in the fabrication of prosthetic design]. PMID- 3907764 TI - [Functional principles and technical applications of optical impressions in office practice]. PMID- 3907765 TI - Cardiovascular disease in the equine neonate. AB - Cardiac disease in the equine neonate occurs infrequently. Murmurs are often heard in foals and are not considered significant unless they persist beyond 4 days of age. Congenital cardiac defects are the most common form of primary cardiac disease in the foal, with ventricular septal defects occurring most frequently. Other neonatal foal diseases such as ruptured bladders, white muscle disease, neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, and septicemia have secondary cardiac involvement. PMID- 3907766 TI - Gastrointestinal diseases of foals. AB - Few foals escape gastrointestinal disease during the first weeks of life. Diarrhea is an extremely common problem; fortunately, however, it is usually mild and self-limiting. When it is not, the underlying cause is often an infectious agent, such as rotavirus or Salmonella spp. Our understanding of many of the infectious agents causing neonatal diarrhea is far from complete. Gastric and duodenal ulcers are a less common disease of neonatal foals. There has been an apparent increase in the incidence of ulcer disease in foals during the past few years. The most effective way of decreasing serious gastrointestinal disease in foals is through the use of good management practices. Environmental and dietary stress must be minimized, and good hygienic practices should be followed. Unfortunately, the needs of the neonate are often ignored, while attention is focused on the mare during the breeding season. PMID- 3907767 TI - Aspects of pharmacology in the neonatal foal. AB - Other therapeutic agents used in foals for specific diseases are discussed elsewhere. The marked effect of species, age, and degree of maturity on drug metabolism in the neonate reinforces the danger of interspecies extrapolation of pharmacology, the need for information specific for the foal, and the necessity for monitoring drug levels in the individual. Suggested antimicrobial doses are listed in Tables 3, 4, and 6. Recommended doses of anticonvulsants and sedatives are listed in Table 8 and in the article "Intensive Care of the Neonatal Foal." The following are recommendations for drug therapy in the neonate: Avoid unnecessary administration of drug to the dam at parturition because of possible placental transfer of the drug with subsequent effects on the neonate. If possible, avoid unnecessary drug therapy in foals under 30 days of age. Select a drug that undergoes minimal biotransformation (hepatic metabolism) and is not highly protein bound. Owing to probable immunodeficiency in the neonate, broad spectrum, bactericidal drugs are preferred for treatment of life-threatening infections. Every attempt should be made to identify the etiologic agent so that drug therapy can be based on cultures and sensitivity test results to maximize the benefit-risk ratio. Parenteral (intramuscular or intravenous) drug administration is preferable to oral. Avoid drugs that are known oxidants, which may produce hemolysis or methemoglobinemia. In general, the same or a slightly higher initial dose should be employed in the neonate, but it should be given less frequently than in the adult if it has a high potential to cause toxicity. When possible, individual monitoring of serum levels of potentially toxic drugs should be employed in premature and newborn foals unless specific drug pharmacokinetics are known for that age group. PMID- 3907768 TI - Anesthesia for neonatal foals. AB - A brief discussion of those aspects of neonatal physiology that pertain to anesthetic risk and selection of anesthetic techniques is followed by discussion of suggested techniques for anesthetic management in healthy foals. Preoperative preparation and management of foals with selected serious surgical conditions are also considered. PMID- 3907769 TI - Hematology, blood typing, and immunology of the neonatal foal. AB - Hematologic parameters change during the first 10 days of life. Erythrocytes increase in number but decrease in size and hemoglobin concentration. The PCV, hemoglobin, and platelet count also decrease. Total blood and plasma volume and, to lesser extent, erythrocyte volume decrease. Normal neonatal foals may have immature neutrophils (up to 5 per cent bands), and their early rapid rise in neutrophil numbers may be accompanied by a lymphopenia. Monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils are all absent or low initially. Infectious processes can cause rapid and variable changes in the leukogram. However, elevation of fibrinogen levels may lag behind the development of an inflammatory process, and this parameter should not be relied on for early evidence of infection. After 12 hours of life, there is generally a decrease in serum concentrations of Na, Cl, iron, creatinine, BUN, plasma protein, and possibly calcium. LDH, SAP, P, bilirubin, and glucose concentrations are all higher in foals than in mature horses. Creatinine may actually be elevated during the first 12 hours of life and then decreases. If azotemia, hypochloremia, hyponatremia, and hyperkalemia are found, ruptured bladder with uroperitoneum should be suspected. The creatinine concentration is preferable to BUN determination for diagnosis of this condition. Blood typing is useful for diagnosis of NI, determination of blood compatability between donor and transfusion recipient, and for verification of parentage for breed registries. Several techniques are available. Several tests are available for evaluation of the foal's immunoglobulin levels and confirmation of passive antibody transfer. Because foals suffering from FPT are more predisposed to infections, their immunoglobulin status should be determined as early as possible so that additional colostrum or plasma can be administered as needed. Neonatal isoerythrolysis is uncommon but is an important immunologic syndrome that often results in a fatal hemolytic crisis. If one suspects the condition may be likely, the optimal time for testing the mare is during the last 2 weeks of gestation. If the foal's dam is shown to have alloantibodies against a panel of known erythrocyte alloantigens, prevention is possible by feeding colostrum from another mare. If a foal develops NI, further colostrum ingestion from the dam must be prevented. Good nursing care, minimizing stress, and adequate frequent feedings are essential; prophylactic antibiotics should be used, and transfusion may be necessary. PMID- 3907770 TI - Nutritional factors of lameness and metabolic bone disease in cattle. AB - Lameness in cattle has numerous causes, and many factors interact to interfere with normal locomotion. The nutrients that have been implicated are protein, energy, calcium, phosphorus, copper, manganese, selenium, zinc, and vitamins A, D, and E. The fact that several nutrients may be involved with the problem should not be overlooked. There may also be factors in the diet that interact with the nutrient (particularly with trace minerals) that must be considered. When congenital skeletal deformities are being investigated, the veterinarian should not overlook the nutrition of the dam during pregnancy. When recommending dietary changes, a veterinarian should be careful that new imbalances have not been created and that the producer is not adding nutrients to the diet other than those suggested. PMID- 3907772 TI - Ancillary diagnostic imaging. Angiography, ultrasonography, scintigraphy, and xeroradiography. AB - Veterinary medical imaging is now accepted as including a number of imaging modalities other than conventional radiography. Although the wide availability and relatively low cost of conventional radiography will keep it in the forefront of veterinary medical imaging, other imaging modalities or techniques such as those discussed in this article will, where available, be of significant value in selected cases of bovine lameness. PMID- 3907771 TI - Treatment of proximal hind-limb lameness in cattle. AB - Lameness of the hind limb (tarsus and proximal) in cattle is considered from the viewpoint of diagnosis and prognosis. Indications and techniques for radiography are discussed, as well as when indicated. PMID- 3907773 TI - Laminitis and interdigital dermatitis and heel horn erosion. A European perspective. AB - Laminitis is one of the most important claw disorders in dairy herds. Nutrition, calving, burdening of the lateral claw of the rear feet, and hereditary susceptibility are all contributing factors. Interdigital dermatitis in cattle may be a result of infection by Bacteroides nodosus and Fusobacterium necrophorum. If this infection becomes chronic, heel horn erosion is its consequence. PMID- 3907774 TI - Calf pneumonia. AB - Infectious calf pneumonia is a high-mortality pneumonia of housed dairy-type calves. Viruses are important etiologic agents and infection with bovine respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and parainfluenza type 3 virus (PI-3 virus) may result in extensive, and sometimes fatal, lung damage. Respiratory viral infections are frequently followed by mycoplasmal and secondary bacterial invasion of the lower respiratory tract, which increases the extent and severity of lung damage. Bad housing, particularly bad ventilation, will increase the severity of pneumonia outbreaks. Although the source of respiratory viral infections is not always obvious, it is likely that a proportion of calves acquired infection from their dams early in life. The possibility of cross infections from other domestic animals and from humans must also be considered. Diagnosis of respiratory virus infections necessitates submission of suitable respiratory tract specimens that are taken at an early stage in the outbreak together with paired sera. Various therapeutic and prophylactic regimens for the control of calf pneumonia are described. PMID- 3907775 TI - Bovine respiratory syncytial virus. AB - The current knowledge is reviewed in regards to the importance of bovine respiratory syncytial virus in the bovine respiratory disease complex. The epidemiology, clinical disease, pathologic findings, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of this viral disease are discussed. PMID- 3907776 TI - Feedlot cattle pneumonia. AB - The etiology, epidemiology, clinical signs, and pathology of feedlot cattle pneumonias are discussed. This information enables a clinician with a feedlot cattle pneumonia problem to give prompt, useful advice on cause, prevention, and treatment based on findings of the feedlot visit. PMID- 3907777 TI - Respiratory disease in adult cattle. AB - This article discusses the nomenclature of respiratory disease, acute respiratory distress syndromes, hypersensitivity diseases, chronic respiratory disease, and the differential diagnosis of respiratory disease. PMID- 3907778 TI - Mechanisms of bacterial injury. AB - Bacterial injury in bovine pneumonia may result from bacterial release of exotoxins or from complex interactions between bacterial products such as LPS, proteases, or antigens and host responses. The latter interactions usually result in both protection and tissue damage. The balance between degree of protective functions and injurious functions will determine whether the response is primarily beneficial or damaging to the host. PMID- 3907780 TI - Feedlot management practices and bovine respiratory disease. AB - Bovine respiratory disease is the most commonly recognized problem in feedlot cattle. This article discusses management techniques that can be used to reduce the occurrence of disease and hold it to a manageable level. PMID- 3907779 TI - Inflammation and mediators of lung injury. AB - This article covers the major pathways involved in acute inflammation in mammals with a particular emphasis on their relevance to the bovine species. It focuses on the potential and proven contributions of these systems to pulmonary defense mechanisms and lung pathology. The article also points out what is known and where gaps in our information exist as well as promising areas for research in the coming years. PMID- 3907781 TI - Septicemic colibacillosis and failure of passive transfer of colostral immunoglobulin in calves. AB - Septicemic colibacillosis is a highly fatal disease that occurs in calves less than 2 weeks of age. The disease occurs when a calf that fails to absorb protective levels of immunoglobulin from colostrum is exposed to an invasive serotype of E. coli. Management to ensure good passive transfer of colostral immunoglobulin will prevent this disease and reduce calf mortality caused by other infectious diseases as well. PMID- 3907782 TI - Pathophysiology of neonatal calf diarrhea. AB - Neonatal calf diarrhea caused by bacterial enterotoxins, bacterial or parasitic induced inflammation, or virus-induced villous atrophy leads to intestinal hypersecretion, malabsorption, or both. Mechanisms of secretion and malabsorption differ depending on the agent, suggesting that different modes of treatment must be employed to be effective. Currently, oral rehydration solutions and the pharmacologic blockade of secretory processes are being evaluated in these various diseases. PMID- 3907783 TI - Bovine enteric colibacillosis. AB - In this article, the authors discusses procedures used to determine enteropathogenic strains of Escherichia coli, the history of the development of prophylactic procedures, including cow vaccination and specific monoclonal antibody, and other preventative measures with as proper management, nutrition, and sanitation. PMID- 3907784 TI - Enterotoxemia in neonatal calves. AB - The incidence, bacterial characteristics, disease syndromes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of enterotoxemia of neonatal calves caused by Clostridium perfringens (Types A, B, C, D, and E) are reviewed. PMID- 3907785 TI - Cryptosporidium infection as a cause of calf diarrhea. AB - Cryptosporidiosis is a self-limiting protozoal disease of the intestinal tract. Although identified as possible agents of calf diarrhea less than 15 years ago, Cryptosporidium spp. are now believed to be common in calves and in many other host animal species worldwide. Recent literature on all aspects of cryptosporidiosis in calves is reviewed, predicaments in diagnosis and management are discussed, and public health concerns are raised. PMID- 3907786 TI - Salmonellosis in calves. AB - Despite the efforts of both physicians and veterinarians, the number of cases of salmonellosis per year has held steady or risen. The ability of the organism to live in many different animal species and under inhospitable environmental conditions is likely responsible for Salmonella's prevalence today. Diverse clinical signs occur in salmonellosis; they range from unthriftiness to explosive, necrotizing diarrheas with high mortality. Secondary complications of pneumonia, bone and joint infections, and meningoencephalitis can result from calfhood infections. Treatment of enteric salmonellosis is chiefly aimed at maintaining fluid, acid-base, and electrolyte balance. Bacteremic or septicemic calves also require systemic antibiotics. The control measures for salmonellosis are based on sanitation and management. Individual calf hutches or pens provide adequate isolation if sufficient spacing and good sanitation are maintained. The Salmonella vaccines presently available provide limited protection; however, live vaccines made from auxotrophic strains of Salmonella appear to be more efficacious. PMID- 3907787 TI - Therapeutic agents used in the treatment of calf diarrhea. AB - This article discusses various therapeutic agents that have been used in the treatment of calf diarrhea, such as antibiotics, modulators of intestinal motility, gastrointestinal protectants and absorbents, astringents, agents affecting secretion, steroids, antiadhesives, antitoxins, and monoclonal antibodies. The roles of nutrition and the administration of colostrum following onset of diarrhea are also discussed. PMID- 3907788 TI - Malabsorption due to selected oral antibiotics. AB - This article represents an overview of recent research conducted on antibiotic induced malabsorption in calves. The authors feel strongly that this work identifies a serious and ill-defined problem in the management of neonatal calves. Too often the solution utilized by veterinarian and stockmen for controlling neonatal diarrhea has been to administer oral antibiotics. In many cases, this has been done on the basis of antibiotic sensitivity testing, an approach that seems appropriate. Unfortunately, little consideration has been given to the relative sensitivity of the neonatal intestinal mucosa, with its very rapid turnover, to the potentially detrimental effects of oral antimicrobial therapy. The data that we have collected over the past 3 years conclusively demonstrate that high levels of four commonly used oral antibiotics, especially neomycin and chloramphenicol but also tetracycline and ampicillin, can cause a malabsorption diarrhea in normal calves. This action is not due to viral agents or overgrowth of resistant microbes but is the result of direct modification of the intestinal mucosa. Extrapolation of these data to different dose levels may not be accurate. Oral antibiotics may be of value in treating neonatal enteritis. Conversely, there can be too much of a good thing, and many cases of chronic diarrhea following use of oral antibiotics may be the result of an overenthusiastic and prolonged dosage regimen. Be cautious! PMID- 3907789 TI - Milk replacers for the neonatal calf. AB - A rather long list of broad generalizations exist regarding milk replacers for calves. At least two more general statements should be added to that list. Most broad generalizations regarding milk replacers should be applied cautiously; and if young calves (less than 2 to 3 weeks) are to be fed milk substitutes, the products should be of high quality. Our primary goal in feeding baby calves should be health oriented--that is, not to pre-dispose to or cause diarrhea through diet. This means using milk-source ingredients in milk substitutes targeted for young calves. The preponderance of data presented in this article underscores that statement. Milk replacers containing nonmilk sources of major nutrients are better fed to older calves. PMID- 3907790 TI - Haemodynamic effects of ketamine and thiopentone during anaesthetic induction for caesarean section. AB - Ketamine (1 mg . kg-1) or thiopentone (4 mg . kg-1) was used to induce anaesthesia for Caesarean section in 62 normotensive patients. During induction of anaesthesia and before laryngoscopy, blood pressure did not change in either group (preinduction systolic blood pressure, 131 mmHg, and diastolic blood pressure, 75 mmHg). When laryngoscopy and intubation were performed, mean blood pressures of both patient groups increased 20-30 per cent. With ketamine (n = 30) heart rate was unchanged from the preinduction rate of 85 beats/min before laryngoscopy and increased significantly by 15 per cent during laryngoscopy and intubation. With thiopentone (n = 32), heart rate increased significantly to 20 per cent above the preinduction rate of 87 beats/min during induction and increased further (to 35 per cent above the preinduction rate) during laryngoscopy and intubation. The average maximal rate-pressure product calculated for the thiopentone group was over 18,000, which was significantly higher than the 15,000 calculated for the ketamine group. Neonatal outcome as assessed by Apgar score and umbilical blood gas analysis was good and did not differ significantly between groups. PMID- 3907791 TI - Atracurium for short surgical procedures: a comparison with succinylcholine. AB - A comparison was made between atracurium and succinylcholine in 40 patients undergoing short gynaecological procedures of 30 minutes or less. Good intubating conditions were produced in 76.7 +/- 39.3 seconds (mean +/- S.D.) with succinylcholine 1 mg . kg-1 and 198 +/- 84 seconds with atracurium 400 micrograms . kg-1. Muscle relaxation was maintained with the initial dose of atracurium or with repeated boluses of succinylcholine. The mean time of surgery was 17.65 +/- 5.3 minutes in the atracurium group and 15.2 +/- 4.6 minutes in the succinylcholine group. Residual neuromuscular block with atracurium was reversed with neostigmine 0.036 mg . kg-1 and atropine 0.018 mg . kg-1. Recovery of neuromuscular function following reversal, assessed by return of all responses to train-of-four stimulation occurred in 5.05 +/- 4.6 minutes in the atracurium group but half the above doses of neostigmine and atropine were repeated in three patients. We conclude that a single dose of atracurium 400 micrograms . kg-1 is suitable for intubation and maintainance of muscle relaxation for short surgical procedures. However, the onset of action is slow, compared to succinylcholine. Residual neuromuscular block can be antagonised with standard doses of neostigmine, less than 20 minutes after the initial dose of relaxant. Atracurium appears to be a suitable alternative for short procedures where succinylcholine is unsuitable or contraindicated. PMID- 3907792 TI - Low-dose fentanyl: haemodynamic response during induction and intubation in geriatric patients. AB - Twenty-eight surgical patients aged 65-84 were randomly assigned to either a control group (12) induced with thiopentone alone, or a treatment group (16), induced with 3 micrograms . kg-1 fentanyl followed by thiopentone, to determine whether the use of fentanyl during induction would attenuate the cardiovascular response to laryngoscopy and intubation. Patients in the fentanyl group required 47 per cent less thiopentone for induction. Increases in systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure were significantly smaller in the group receiving fentanyl at one minute post intubation. SBP rose by 56 mmHg in the control group, compared to 15 mmHg in the fentanyl group; DBP increased 42 mmHg compared to 20 mmHg, respectively. Increases in rate-pressure product were twice as great in the control group compared to the fentanyl group (72.2 vs 36.0 per cent, respectively). Thus, fentanyl, as an adjunct to barbiturate induction, effectively lowered the thiopentone requirement and attenuated the pressor response to laryngoscopy and intubation. PMID- 3907794 TI - Airborne dental science. PMID- 3907795 TI - Conclusions from a study on the oral health of Quebecers aged 65 and over. PMID- 3907793 TI - Baroreflex function in a patient with Bartter's syndrome. AB - There is little information regarding circulatory responses in Bartter's syndrome, with the exception of marked resistance to vasopressors. We investigated baroreflex function in a 40-year-old woman with this syndrome. The patient showed oscillation of heart rate even with a small increase in blood pressure after administration of vasopressor agents. Variations in heart rate and blood pressure were exaggerated during halothane, nitrous oxide and oxygen anaesthesia. Although the mechanism of the unstable baroreflex in this syndrome remains to be proved, the instability may be attributable to many factors such as prostaglandins, hypovolemia, hypokalemia, halothane, nitrous oxide and positive pressure ventilation. PMID- 3907796 TI - Competency profiles and the accreditation process. PMID- 3907797 TI - The role of clinical research in the future of dentistry. PMID- 3907798 TI - Hypodontia. Two case reports. PMID- 3907800 TI - Sealants for community programs. PMID- 3907799 TI - Clinical diagnosis and treatment of oral lichen planus. PMID- 3907801 TI - Reaction and discussion of sealants for community programs. PMID- 3907802 TI - Protein-glycolipid interactions during spermatogenesis. Binding of specific germ cell proteins to sulfatoxygalactosylacylalkylglycerol, the major glycolipid of mammalian male germ cells. AB - Specific binding of membrane proteins extracted from rat spermatogenic cells to the major glycolipid of the male germ cell has been demonstrated by affinity chromatography. A new method for the production of affinity matrices, using photoactivatable heterobifunctional cross-linking agents, has been used to immobilize sulfatoxygalactosylacylalkylglycerol. Three proteins of apparent molecular weights 68 000, 34 000, and 24 000 from spermatogenic cells have been shown to selectively and reversibly bind to this affinity matrix. Antiserum raised against the major of these species (68 000) was demonstrated to be specific for this protein by immunoblotting. A new technique for the reduction of background nonspecific antibody staining using this method is described. The immune serum has been used to localize the antigen in frozen testicular sections. The protein is present in the plasma membranes of all germ cells, but the expression is elevated for testicular spermatozoa and cells in or near the basal compartment of the seminiferous epithelium. The relevance of these findings to intercellular communication and spermatogenesis is discussed. PMID- 3907803 TI - Protein kinase and ATP-binding activity associated with the 72-kdalton single stranded DNA-binding protein from early region 2A of human adenovirus type 5. AB - We have developed monoclonal antibodies which react specifically with the human adenovirus type 5 early region 2A 72-kdalton phosphoprotein (72 kDa) and its 48 kdalton proteolytic cleavage product (48 kDa) and have used these antibodies to study a number of properties of these viral polyPeptides. Fluorescent antibody staining indicated that the 72 kDa was found almost entirely in the nucleus, generally in discreet patches. Preparations of the 72 kDa, purified by immunoprecipitation or by single-stranded DNA-cellulose column chromatography and incubated with [gamma-32P]ATP, were found to contain protein kinase activity. Using photoaffinity labelling with 8-azido-[alpha-32P]ATP, the 72 kDa was shown to be an ATP-binding protein. The ATP-binding site was probably in the amino terminal region because the 48 kDa which lacks approximately 120 residues at the amino terminus failed to bind ATP. Experiments carried out with immunoprecipitates from wild-type and temperature-sensitive (ts 125) infected cells suggested that the ts mutant-induced kinase activity was not more thermolabile than the wild-type protein. Thus although the present results indicated that protein kinase activity is associated with the 72 kDa, it is still unclear whether such activity is intrinsic to the 72 kDa or present in an enzyme associated with it. While it is probably not intrinsic to the carboxy terminal region affected by the ts 125 mutation, it is still possible that it resides in an amino terminal domain. PMID- 3907804 TI - Preliminary studies with a live streptomycin-dependent Pasteurella multocida and Pasteurella haemolytica vaccine for the prevention of bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis. AB - Twelve Pasteurella-free Holstein-Friesian calves were used in a study to test the efficacy of a live streptomycin-dependent Pasteurella multocida A:3 and streptomycin-dependent Pasteurella haemolytica A1 vaccine. The calves were inoculated intramuscularly twice at 14-day intervals with either the streptomycin dependent vaccine, containing 1 X 10(6) colony forming units/mL P. multocida and 4 X 10(8) colony forming units/mL P. haemolytica, commercial bacterin, or phosphate buffered saline. Two weeks following the second vaccination, all calves were challenged by intranasal inoculation of 10(8) TCID50/4.0 mL infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus followed three days later by intratracheal injection with 2.3 X 10(7) colony forming units/mL of a 16 hour culture of P. multocida A:3 and 2.6 X 10(8) colony forming units/mL of an 8 hour culture of P. haemolytica A1. Seven days after challenge with Pasteurella, calves were killed for collection of tissues at necropsy. Each calf was given a score based on macroscopic and microscopic lesions. The scores for the calves receiving live vaccines were significantly lower (p less than 0.025) than those for the controls. Also, the calves receiving live vaccines had a significant (p less than 0.05) increase in the level of serum antibody to P. haemolytica. The results of this preliminary study showed that the streptomycin-dependent vaccine offered better protection than the commercial bacterin against a virulent homologous challenge. PMID- 3907805 TI - Pulmonary response to intratracheal challenge with Pasteurella haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida. AB - Calves were inoculated intratracheally with 5 X 10(7), 5 X 10(8), or 5 X 10(9) colony forming units of either 18-hour stationary phase cultures or 4-hour log phase cultures of Pasteurella haemolytica. The log phase culture at all concentrations produced more severe clinical signs, hematological changes and pulmonary lesions at postmortem examination than did the corresponding stationary phase culture. More severe effects were seen with the larger doses especially with the log phase culture. Fibrinous bronchopneumonia with focal or multifocal necrosis was consistently produced by both the stationary and log phase cultures. To determine if this lesion was peculiar to P. haemolytica or whether it could be produced generally by rapidly growing Gram negative organisms, a 4-hour log phase culture of Pasteurella multocida was prepared in an identical manner to that used for the culture of P. haemolytica and given to calves intratracheally at the high bacterial dose (5 X 10(9]. The P. haemolytica produced more severe clinical, hematological and morphological changes than did the P. multocida. The lesions observed with P. multocida differed morphologically from those of P. haemolytica; there was a suppurative exudative component and minimal to no necrosis with P. multocida. It appears that an important pathogenic principle is produced by the rapidly growing P. haemolytica that causes it to produce a more severe clinical disease and more necrotizing pulmonary lesions than P. multocida. PMID- 3907806 TI - Blood pressure responsiveness during the development of hypertension in the conscious spontaneously hypertensive rat. AB - Blood pressure responsiveness to iv noradrenaline and angiotensin II was studied in conscious, freely moving, age-matched spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats from 4 to 16 weeks of age. At 4 and 6 weeks the SHR showed small, but nonsignificant increases in responsiveness compared with WKY to both noradrenaline and angiotensin II. At 8 weeks they exhibited similar responses to the WKY. Subsequently, at 12 and 16 weeks decreased responsiveness to noradrenaline (nonsignificant) and angiotensin II (p less than 0.05 at 12 and 16 weeks) was observed in SHR versus WKY. At 16 weeks of age, hexamethonium caused potentiation of the blood pressure response to noradrenaline and angiotensin II, but to the same degree in the two strains. Captopril at this age did not elicit potentiation to noradrenaline or angiotensin II in either strain. These results indicate that there is no rise in blood pressure responsiveness to circulating pressor agents, parallel to the development of hypertension in SHR. Increased receptor occupancy or more active attenuating reflexes in SHR versus WKY appear not to be involved in the absence of hyperresponsiveness in intact conscious SHR at 16 weeks of age. PMID- 3907807 TI - Comparative effects of vasodilator drugs on flow distribution and venous return. AB - Systemic vascular effects of hydralazine, prazosin, captopril, and nifedipine were studied in 115 anesthetized dogs. Blood flow (Q) and right atrial pressure (Pra) were independently controlled by a right heart bypass. Transient changes in central blood volume after an acute reduction in Pra at a constant Q showed that blood was draining from two vascular compartments with different time constants, one fast and the other slow. At three dose levels producing comparable reductions in systemic arterial pressure (30-40% at the highest dose), these drugs had different effects on flow distribution and venous return. Hydralazine and prazosin had parallel and balanced effects on arterial resistance of the two vascular compartments, and flow distribution was unaltered. Captopril preferentially reduced arterial resistance of the compartment with a slow time constant for venous return (-26 +/- 6%, -30 +/- 6%, -50 +/- 5% at 0.02, 0.10, and 0.50 mg X kg-1 X h-1, respectively; means +/- SEM) without altering arterial resistance of the fast time-constant compartment. Blood flow to the slow time constant compartment was increased 43 +/- 14% at the highest dose, and central blood volume was reduced 108 +/- 15 mL. In contrast, nifedipine had a balanced effect on arterial resistance with the lowest dose (0.025 mg/kg) but caused a preferential reduction in arterial resistance of the fast time-constant compartment at higher doses (-38 +/- 4% and -55 +/- 2% at 0.05 and 0.10 mg/kg, respectively). Blood flow to the slow time-constant compartment was reduced 36 +/ 5% at the highest dose of nifedipine, and central blood volume was increased 66 +/- 12 mL. Total systemic venous compliance was unaltered or slightly reduced by each of the four drugs. These results add further evidence to the hypothesis that peripheral blood flow distribution is a major determinant of venous return to the heart. PMID- 3907808 TI - Electrophysiological effects of ethmozine in perfused rabbit hearts. AB - His-bundle electrocardiography was used to evaluate the effects of ethmozine on cardiac conduction in isolated perfused rabbit hearts electrically driven at cycle lengths of 320 and 250 ms. There was no significant change in conduction until high concentrations of ethmozine were reached. His-Purkinje and atrioventricular (AV) nodal conduction were slowed significantly at 0.1 microgram/mL and atrial conduction at 1.0 microgram/mL. Conduction block occurred at 10.0 micrograms/mL in all the hearts treated. Effects of the drug (0.1 and 0.01 microgram/mL) on conduction of extrasystoles were also studied in hearts driven at a basic cycle length of 270 ms. No significant change was observed in atrial conduction of extrasystoles throughout the coupling intervals tested at both concentrations. Ethmozine (0.01 and 0.1 microgram/mL) caused slowing of His Purkinje conduction of extrasystoles but the effect of the drug did not change as a function of the coupling interval. An interval-dependent increase in AV-nodal conduction time was observed, with the maximum slowing of conduction occurring at coupling intervals close to the effective refractory period of the AV node. AV nodal functional refractory period was increased significantly by ethmozine (0.01 and 0.1 microgram/mL). The effective refractory period was significantly increased only at the higher concentration. PMID- 3907809 TI - Role of insulin in regulating hepatic gluconeogenesis in sheep. AB - Ruminant animals, as a result of the fermentative nature of their digestion, ordinarily absorb little or no hexose sugar from the gut. Their glucose needs must be met by gluconeogenesis, even postprandially. The role of insulin in regulating hepatic gluconeogenesis in ruminants has not been assessed. In this study the effect of insulin on net hepatic removal of the major glucose precursors was determined. Insulin was infused with glucose matched to maintain euglycemia. The insulin concentrations attained in plasma were within the physiological range. Insulin at low concentrations reduced the hepatic removal of lactate, glutamine, and glycerol. At higher concentrations of insulin the hepatic extractions of pyruvate and alanine were also reduced. Thus, in sheep insulin at physiological concentrations may reduce hepatic glucose output by altering the uptake of glucose precursors. PMID- 3907810 TI - Action of insulin modulated by pertussis toxin in rat adipocytes. AB - We studied the effect of pertussis toxin (PT) treatment on the ability of insulin to inhibit lipolysis and to stimulate glucose oxidation in isolated rat adipocytes. In cells maximally modified by PT (100% ADP ribosylation of a 41 kdalton protein in membranes), the ability of insulin to inhibit lipolysis stimulated either by PT alone or in combination with a catecholamine was abolished. In cells wherein ADP ribosylation was submaximal (about 67% modification), a small but variable antilipolytic action of insulin could still be detected. In cells maximally modified by PT, both basal and insulin-stimulated glucose oxidation were markedly reduced (to 10-15% of control levels). However, relative to the basal oxidation level, the fold stimulation by insulin in PT treated cells was equivalent to the fold stimulation in control cells. Nonetheless, PT treatment caused a rightward shift in the dose-response curve for insulin-stimulated glucose oxidation as well as a small reduction in insulin binding. Our results point strongly not only to a link between the inhibitory guanine nucleotide regulatory complex (Gi) and the antilipolytic action of insulin but also to a link between the Gi complex and the overall regulation of glucose metabolism in adipocytes. PMID- 3907811 TI - George I. Drummond memorial issue. PMID- 3907812 TI - A tribute to George I. Drummond (January 19, 1925-May 18, 1984). PMID- 3907813 TI - Distinct hydrodynamic forms of the insulin receptor: electrophoretic analysis of the RI and RII species. AB - In previous work, we identified two insulin receptor species, RI (KAV = 0.31) and RII (KAV = 0.53), that could be separated by gel filtration on Sepharose 6B. In the present study, we sought to establish that these two receptor species do represent larger (RI) and smaller (RII) oligomeric forms of the receptor, rather than representing receptor species separated from each other by differential adsorption to the Sepharose matrix. Receptor solubilized from isolated human placenta membranes was purified by lectin- and insulin-agarose chromatography and was radiolabeled with carrier-free 125I. The labeled receptor was separated by Sepharose 6B gel filtration into two fractions (peak I, KAV = 0.31; peak II, KAV = 0.53), was immunoprecipitated by anti-insulin receptor antibody, and was analysed by electrophoresis in nonreducing polyacrylamide slab gels. The autoradiograms of the gels indicated that peak I (KAV = 0.31, RI receptor form) contained a number of receptor species of 240 000 daltons or greater, whereas peak II (KAV = 0.53, RII receptor form) contained mainly receptor species of 210 000 daltons or smaller. In particular, large amounts of a 90 000 dalton species (presumably free receptor beta-subunit) were present in peak II. Incubation of the material obtained from peak I with insulin resulted in a change in the electrophoretic pattern, which became identical with that observed for material recovered from peak II.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3907814 TI - Morphological studies of N-acetylglucosamine induced germ tube formation by Candida albicans. AB - In N-acetylglucosamine induced germ tube formation by Candida albicans, multiple (up to five) protuberances appeared within 90 min at 37 degrees C on each yeast cell. The protuberances were extensions of the cytosol and contained vesiclelike structures. Usually only one protuberance subsequently developed into a germ tube. The germ tubes emanated from all aspects of the cell surface but seldom from the budding (long axis) poles. Pseudohyphae, which originated from the budding pole, exhibited a marked constriction at the site of emergence and were 0.6-2.5 microns in diameter compared with a diameter of 0.6-0.8 micron for germ tubes. The presence of septa confirmed that germ tubes are precursors of septate mycelia. Ultrathin-section transmission electron microscopy of aldehyde plus osmium fixed cells revealed electron-lucent walls with a thin electron-dense outer layer. A fibrillar border was also routinely associated with germ tubes. Poststaining with potassium permanganate revealed, in addition, a previously invisible fuzzy layer on the outer region of the cell wall which extended over bud scars and germ tubes and which coalesced at sites of contact between cells. PMID- 3907815 TI - Premenstrual syndrome: single or multiple causes? AB - The numerous theories of causation of Premenstrual Syndrome have been reviewed. These range from biological to environmental hypotheses. As yet, no clear cut organic or psychological explanation has been found to explain this complicated syndrome. Findings to date suggest that this condition may be the final stage of multiple and interacting social, psychological and biological factors. PMID- 3907817 TI - Biliary atresia treatment options. PMID- 3907816 TI - Carotid Doppler. PMID- 3907818 TI - The effect of vitamin A supplementation on serum retinol and retinol binding protein levels. AB - A randomised double blind controlled trial was conducted to see whether vitamin A supplementation in the form of retinyl palmitate would increase the concentrations of serum retinol and retinol binding protein. A total of 376 people were studied and were allocated to one of 7 regimens covering doses of vitamin A from O (placebo) to 36,000 IU daily. Supplementation continued for 6 months and blood samples were collected immediately before the start of supplementation, after 3 months and after 6 months. There was a small but statistically significant increase in serum retinol levels associated with supplementation, but no significant increase in serum retinol binding protein. The extent of the increase in serum retinol was related to the extent of the supplementation. On average, for every 10,000 IU of retinyl palmitate per day, the serum retinol concentration increased by 13 micrograms/l after 3 months (an increase of 2%) and 12 micrograms/l after 6 months of supplementation (2% increase). All the regimens used showed no evidence of toxicity other than minor symptomatic and physical changes affecting the skin and mucous membranes. PMID- 3907819 TI - Studies on rat mammary adenocarcinomas: a model for metastasis. AB - Studies carried out by the authors on the rat mammary adenocarcinoma cell lines MAT 13762 and DMBA-8 are summarized. A series of variants and somatic cell hybrids have been prepared and partially characterized in terms of phenotypic properties which may correlate with metastatic potential. These include measurement of in vitro migration, lectin binding properties, expression of procoagulant activity and shedding of cell surface components. Particular emphasis has been placed on the production of enzymically-active plasminogen activator, as this seems to correlate with the ability of cells to metastasize. The finding has also been made that several of the cell types studied produce, in vitro, an inhibitor of plasminogen activator which may influence the metastatic behaviour of tumor cells. Results obtained are discussed in the context of the usefulness of these tumor systems for the study of spontaneous and experimental metastasis and the factors involved in these processes. Preliminary results of cloning and fluctuation analysis of metastatic potential together with discussion of the role of the metastatic heterogeneity and the formation of metastatic variants by mutation events are included. PMID- 3907820 TI - Noncytolytic extraction of cell surface antigens using butanol. AB - Incubation of viable tumor cells in single-phase aqueous solutions of 1-butanol releases a subset of peripherally-associated membrane proteins. Among the extracted components are tumor-specific and tumor-associated antigens of several human and experimental neoplasms. The extraction technique is noncytolytic: extracted cells remain viable and proliferate both in vitro and in vivo. Examination of the denuded cells has elucidated several important differences in cell-surface phenotype that have proved useful in studying the biology of such diverse systems as cellular communications and the mechanisms of hematogenous metastasis. It is anticipated that noncytolytic butanol extraction will continue to prove a powerful approach for the isolation and characterization of a variety of cell-surface antigens. PMID- 3907823 TI - Dystonia: treatment with bromocriptine. AB - As with parkinsonism, certain dystonias may involve disturbances in dopaminergic neurotransmission. The effects of bromocriptine, 18-150 mg/day (mean, 72.5), were studied in 15 patients with a variety of dystonic disorders, using a double blind, crossover format. Of the 13 patients completing several weeks of medication, seven improved more than 10% and two worsened, on clinical ratings, while five recognized improvement in disability. Dopaminomimetic agents such as bromocriptine, used in the dose range effective for treating parkinsonism, may yield symptomatic improvement with several patterns of dystonia. PMID- 3907824 TI - Antiemetic activity of two different high doses of metoclopramide in cisplatin treated cancer patients: a randomized double-blind trial of the Italian Oncology Group for Clinical Research. AB - High-dose metoclopramide has been proposed as an effective antiemetic agent in patients treated with cisplatin. Its optimal dosage schedule, however, has not yet been completely defined. We report the results of a multicenter, double blind, randomized clinical trial where the efficacy and safety of two fixed high dose regimens of metoclopramide (60 and 120 mg, respectively) have been tested in 112 patients receiving cisplatin treatment. No statistically significant difference has been found between the two groups. In patients treated with cisplatin at doses greater than 100 mg/m2, the higher dose regimen seems more efficacious, but this result should be confirmed in a larger group of patients. Treatment was generally well-tolerated. However, a consistent percentage of patients (about 60%) still present with vomiting, and this makes further investigation necessary. PMID- 3907826 TI - Phase II trial of carboplatin in patients with adenocarcinomas of the upper gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 3907825 TI - Randomized trial of doxorubicin versus cyclophosphamide in diffuse malignant pleural mesothelioma. AB - The effect of doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide in the treatment of diffuse, malignant pleural mesothelioma was evaluated in a randomized study. All patients were treated on an outpatient basis and none had previously received antineoplastic treatment. All patients had a measurable lesion other than pleural effusion. The treatment consisted of doxorubicin at a dose of 60 mg/m2 every 3 weeks, to a total dose of 550 mg/m2, or cyclophosphamide at a dose of 1500 mg/m2 every 3 weeks for 1 year. At disease progression the treatment was changed to the alternate drug. The dose was increased or decreased according to hematologic effects. Thirty of 32 patients were evaluable for response. Remissions were not achieved in any patient. During treatment with doxorubicin, none of the patients developed cardiotoxicity, while one patient developed hemorrhagic cystitis during treatment with cyclophosphamide. Sepsis or bleeding was not observed in either of the treatment arms. Thus, the trial showed no antineoplastic activity of either doxorubicin or cyclophosphamide in the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma. PMID- 3907821 TI - Macrophage infiltration and tumor progression. PMID- 3907827 TI - Oxazaphosphorines as biological response modifiers--experimental and clinical perspectives. PMID- 3907822 TI - Mechanisms of tumor invasion: evidence from in vivo observations. AB - The major mechanisms of tumor invasion in vivo are discussed in the present review. A special emphasis is placed on tumor dedifferentiation which has proved to be of paramount importance for the invasion process. Based on in vivo observations obtained from various human and animal tumors a concept for the mechanism of tumor invasion is proposed which mainly comprises the following basic events: the first and essential step in tumor invasion is the tumor dedifferentiation and dissociation at the invasion front. This apparently temporary and reversible process mobilizes the tumor cells out of the main tumor bulk and enables them to invade the host tissue by active locomotion. This mechanism is essentially supported by an interstitial edema in the host tissue adjacent to the tumor periphery, which causes an 'opening and widening' of the host intercellular spaces. Enzymatic changes in the micromilieu of the extracellular matrix may contribute to this process. The tumor cell proliferation completes the invasion process in so far, as the invading tumor cells are still able to proliferate, leading this way to expanding tumor cell nests in the host tissue which have the potency to redifferentiate. The expansive growth of these tumor cell nests results in a progressive atrophy of the host tissue, mainly caused by an increasing compression and a competitive withdrawal of oxygen and other nutrients by the tumor cells. The overall picture of tumor invasion can therefore be considered as a repetitive cycle of active tumor cell locomotion followed by focal tumor cell proliferation in the host tissue. PMID- 3907828 TI - Superior vena cava obstruction syndrome: recommendations for management. AB - The main cause of superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS) is malignant disease. However, multiple other diseases must be considered in the differential diagnosis and a new entity, SVCS due to central venous catheters, represents an etiology of increasing importance. SVCS due to malignancy should not be considered as a radiotherapeutic emergency. Careful management including invasive procedures such as mediastinoscopy to make a definite diagnosis should be performed when necessary by skilled practitioners, as specific therapy depends on a histologic diagnosis. Irradiation remains the standard treatment for many solid tumours, particularly non-small cell lung cancer. For chemosensitive tumours such as small cell bronchogenic carcinoma or lymphoma, chemotherapy can be recommended as initial treatment, and it is associated with high regression rates of the SVCS. In the case of a recent thrombosis of the superior vena cava, fibrinolytics may be applied as suggested by the experience obtained with central venous catheters. PMID- 3907829 TI - Comparative stability of 1-alkoxyalkyl alpha-D-glucosides in the presence of acid or alpha-D-glucosidase from yeast. AB - The aminated 1-alkoxyalkyl glycosides [(S)-2-amino-1-methoxyethyl] 6-amino-6 deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside (3) and [(R,S)-1-ethoxyethyl] 6-amino-6-deoxy-alpha D-glucopyranoside (4) have been synthesised and characterised. These compounds as well as [(R)-2-amino-1-methoxyethyl] alpha-D-glucopyranoside (1) prepared earlier are resistant against alpha-D-glucosidase (maltase, alpha-D-glucoside glucohydrolase, E.C. 3.2.1.20) from yeast, yet undergo hydrolysis under relatively mild acidic conditions. The kinetic parameters of the interaction with alpha-D-glucosidase and with acid were determined. The relative rates of acid hydrolysis of aminated 1-alkoxyalkyl glycosides compared with aminated ordinary glycosides suggest essential differences in the mechanism of acid-catalysed hydrolysis. PMID- 3907830 TI - Structure of the K95 antigen from Escherichia coli O75:K95:H5, a capsular polysaccharide containing furanosidic KDO-residues. AB - The structure of the K95 antigenic capsular polysaccharide (K95 antigen) of Escherichia coli O75:K95:H5 was elucidated by determination of the composition, 1H- and 13C-n.m.r. spectroscopy, periodate oxidation, and methylation analysis. The K95 polysaccharide, which contains furanosidic 3-deoxy-D-manno-2-octulosonic acid (KDOf) residues, consists of----3)-beta-D-Rib-(1----8)-KDOf-(2----repeating units, has a molecular weight of approximately 25,000 (approximately 65 repeating units), and is randomly O-acetylated (1 acetyl group per repeating unit at unknown positions). PMID- 3907831 TI - Value and limitations of thrombolytic therapy in early acute transmural myocardial infarction. AB - Since coronary thrombosis is the final common pathway by which acute transmural myocardial infarction occurs, intracoronary thrombolytic reperfusion has taken on new significance. The goals of early restoration of coronary blood flow are to reduce mortality as well as to demonstrate improvement of markers of success or failure associated with thrombolytic therapy relative to nonreperfused patients. This paper examines clinical studies from multiple centers and the results derived from these studies. Mortality, left ventricular function, electrocardiographic indices of necrosis, laboratory studies, enzymatic indices of myocardial infarction size, thallium perfusion, and scintigraphic studies from controlled randomized and nonrandomized studies are presented. Overall, it appears that thrombolytic reperfusion is beneficial if applied early, although the markers of success or failure do not necessarily correlate with short-term mortality. PMID- 3907832 TI - Nitrate therapy in angina and congestive heart failure. AB - Nitrates are vasodilators of venous and arterial smooth muscle commonly prescribed both for angina and congestive heart failure. Primarily venodilators, nitrates also affect the systemic circulation if administered in sufficient dosage. In the coronary circulation, the principal effect is on the large epicardial and collateral vessels. Blood is shunted toward the ischemic subendocardium. In the majority of patients with angina, relief of symptoms by nitrates is primarily due to hemodynamic effects on preload and afterload, unless the patient has coronary spasm. In patients with congestive heart failure, nitrates decrease the resistance to the emptying of blood from the left ventricle as well as the filling pressure. Nitrates are relatively well tolerated, except for an initial throbbing headache which rapidly resolves as tolerance develops. Nitrates are available in a multitude of forms including sublingual, oral, topical, transmucosal, intravenous, and spray preparations. Oral preparations undergo a first-pass effect in the liver, requiring larger doses. Other forms avoid this problem by direct transdermal absorption or the intravenous route. The latter has the advantage of rapid administration and ease of titration. The choice of nitrate depends upon the clinical situation. PMID- 3907833 TI - Coronary vein aneurysm presenting as pancreatic pseudocyst. AB - This report, the first known published account, describes an unusual case of suspected pancreatic pseudocyst diagnosed by ultrasonography which at operation and subsequent arteriography was found to be a coronary vein aneurysm. Owing to the nonspecificity of ultrasonographic detection of vascular anomalies and neoplasms, arteriography is recommended when surgery is planned. PMID- 3907834 TI - Pancreatic masses that angiographically simulate intrasplenic lesions. AB - Major improvements in the resolving power of computed tomography and ultrasound over the last decade have greatly improved the preoperative evaluation of abdominal masses. Angiography is, however, still often required for vascular mapping and assistance in the differential diagnosis. Although the site of origin of an avascular, intrasplenic mass may be the spleen, our experience and review of the literature indicates that such primary or secondary splenic masses are relatively rare. A primary pancreatic mass often a pseudocyst is a more frequent cause and should figure prominently in the differential diagnosis. PMID- 3907835 TI - Embolization of a large aneurysm of the brachiocephalic trunk by Gianturco coils. AB - A successful complete embolization of a large aneurysm in the brachiocephalic trunk region, seen in a patient after bypass graft surgery, was achieved with 13 Gianturco coils. Indications and precautions for the use of embolic coils are given. PMID- 3907836 TI - Hepatic perfusion abnormalities after liver transplantation. AB - The angiographic and CT findings in a liver transplant patient with perioperative hepatic ischemia are reported. Extensive arterial collaterals and unusual portal to-hepatic venous shunting in the transplanted liver were observed. Post transplant clinical, laboratory, and CT findings were compatible with partial right lobe hepatic infarction that was confirmed at autopsy. The possible relationship between the ischemic damage and intrahepatic shunting is discussed. The need for caution during preoperative angiography in potential liver transplant recipients is emphasized. PMID- 3907837 TI - Lymphocele around aortic femoral grafts simulating a false aneurysm. AB - A 64-year-old female treated with a Dacron aortobifemoral graft for atherosclerotic vascular disease sought medical evaluation for abdominal pain 6 months later. Studies including ultrasound, radionuclide, angiography, and CT scan suggested a diagnosis of false aneurysm. Surgical intervention subsequently confirmed the diagnosis of lymphocele. PMID- 3907838 TI - A new sensitive method for the quantification of internal carotid stenoses by means of ultrasound Doppler signal processing. AB - A new way of processing the ultrasound Doppler spectrum is presented. By introducing a Disturbance Index (DI), based on a double Fourier transformation, the quantitative evaluation of blood flow disturbance is possible. The integral value of this index over the whole cardiac cycle can be used to quantify the degree of lower grade internal carotid artery (ICA) stenoses and plaques. In a preliminary study, this new method has been tested in 18 normal and 10 atherosclerotic carotid arteries against Duplex-scan and angiography. The results were compared with 5 alternative methods of processing the Doppler spectrum. PMID- 3907839 TI - Angiotensin-induced hypertension in conscious dogs: biochemical parameters and baroreceptor reflex. AB - The effects of a continuous iv infusion (osmotic minipumps) of angiotensin II (80 ng . kg-1 . min-1) and isoprenaline (10 ng . kg-1 . min-1) lasting 28 days were studied in six normotensive, conscious dogs. The parameters measured were systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, levels of angiotensin II, renin activity, aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone in plasma, baroreceptor reflex sensitivity and body weight. The treatment resulted in an approximately sevenfold increase in plasma angiotensin II level from 62.9 +/- 24.5 pg . ml-1 to 455.3 +/- 95.6 pg . ml-1. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, measured for the first time 2 days after implanting the minipumps, were markedly increased throughout the infusion period (pretreatment value: 123.8 +/- 5.3/68.3 +/- 3.8 mmHg; after 2 days: 159.8 +/- 12.0/100.5 +/- 9.8 mmHg; after 28 days: 159.8 +/- 7.1/98.3 +/- 6.4 mmHg, whereas the heart rate remained unchanged due to the combined effects of angiotensin II and the concomitantly given isoprenaline. A high correlation was found between angiotensin II level in plasma and mean arterial blood pressure (r = 0.846; p less than 0.001). Furthermore, plasma renin activity was markedly suppressed by the treatment, and aldosterone levels rose. Plasma antidiuretic hormone levels were found to be unchanged at the chosen sampling time. A decrease in baroreceptor reflex sensitivity accompanied the development of the hypertensive state. There was also a loss of body weight during the infusion of angiotensin II and isoprenaline. The data provide evidence for the usefulness of the presented experimental protocol as an alternative model of arterial hypertension in chronically instrumented, conscious dogs. PMID- 3907840 TI - Radionuclide ventriculography for evaluation and prevention of doxorubicin cardiotoxicity. AB - Chemotherapy with doxorubicin often leads to congestive heart failure, particularly after cumulative doses of 550 mg/m2 have been reached. Certain risk factors, however, may predispose the patient to development of cardiomyopathy at lower doses. Radionuclide ventriculography with determinations of resting and exercise ejection fractions has emerged as the most reliable noninvasive screening procedure to detect subclinical cardiotoxicity. Before embarking on a course of doxorubicin therapy, patients should be stratified into low-risk and high-risk groups. Those in the high-risk group should undergo frequent monitoring by means of radionuclide ventriculography. For patients in the low-risk group, such monitoring could be postponed until they are ready to cross into the high risk group by virtue of cumulative doxorubicin dose. Doxorubicin should be discontinued if the ejection fraction drops to less than or equal to 45% at rest or fails to increase with exercise. PMID- 3907841 TI - Future trends in surgical management of joint diseases. AB - The development of artificial joints has made it possible for many victims of joint destruction to lead normal lives. However, a number of problems have limited the proportion of patients that might benefit from prostheses. The author discusses developments that could overcome many of the obstacles and make the benefits of reconstructive surgery available to a larger population. PMID- 3907842 TI - A controlled trial of amitriptyline and cianopramine in major depression. AB - The therapeutic efficacy and adverse effects of amitriptyline and cianopramine were compared in a double-blind, randomized, flexible-dose trial in 40 patients with major depressive episodes. The two drugs were equally effective in reducing scores on the Hamilton Psychiatric Rating Scale for Depression and on a global scale. Both drugs were associated with significant adverse effects. Fewer adverse effects were associated with cianopramine, however, which lacks antimuscarinic activity. PMID- 3907843 TI - Antihypertensive efficacy of two low dosages of hydrochlorothiazide in patients treated with captopril. AB - Twelve patients with essential hypertension (diastolic blood pressure, greater than 90 mmHg) after four weeks of treatment with captopril (50 mg BID) were randomly divided into two groups and treated with 12.5 mg and 25 mg of hydrochlorothiazide OD, in addition to captopril, in a crossover experimental design. Each dosage of hydrochlorothiazide was given for four weeks, with a two week placebo washout period intervening. Both dosages of hydrochlorothiazide caused significant reductions in blood pressure. Eighty percent of patients achieved a diastolic blood pressure less than 90 mmHg during combination therapy, independent of the dose of diuretic. None of the patients reported significant side effects, and no changes were observed in routine biochemical analysis during treatment. In patients not completely controlled by captopril alone, a once-daily dosage of 12.5 mg of hydrochlorothiazide proved as effective as a 25-mg once daily dosage. The smaller dosage could result in fewer unwanted metabolic effects induced by diuretic administration. PMID- 3907844 TI - Respiratory infections: established therapy and its limitations. AB - Factors influencing the selection of an antibiotic include the findings of susceptibility tests, the relative ability of various agents to reach the site of infection, and the difficulties of treating resistant microorganisms. After a brief review of these factors and the characteristics of piperacillin, established therapies for acute bronchitis, chronic bronchitis, bacterial pneumonias, pleurisy and empyema, bronchiectasis, lung abscess, and cystic fibrosis are outlined. New therapies for various lower respiratory tract infections, aspiration or decubitus pneumonia, and infections in patients with cystic fibrosis, and in immunocompromised patients are discussed, as are the advantages and disadvantages of aerosol administration or endotracheal instillation of antibiotics. PMID- 3907845 TI - Respiratory infections: clinical evaluation. AB - A review of clinical studies of piperacillin shows that it is valuable for the treatment of respiratory infections due to Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas sp, anaerobes, and mixed flora including anaerobes. Various studies of a total of 420 patients treated with piperacillin for lower respiratory tract infections found that 97% of the patients were cured or markedly improved. Piperacillin has also been found as effective as combination therapy (gentamicin or tobramycin plus carbenicillin or ticarcillin) in the treatment of serious infections, including pneumonia and several caused by gram-negative organisms and anaerobic organisms. A review of the literature on bacteriological responses to piperacillin shows that 126 of 153 (82%) of the susceptible strains could be eradicated. Streptococcus pneumoniae, beta-hemolytic streptococci, Haemophilus influenzae, Peptostreptococcus sp, Bacteroides sp, and Fusobacterium sp have been completely eradicated by treatment with piperacillin. Most of the published studies indicate that therapy with the drug is usually well tolerated. PMID- 3907846 TI - Selection of a micromethod and its use in the estimation of salivary Streptococcus mutans and lactobacillus counts in relation to dental caries in Tanzanian children. PMID- 3907847 TI - Characterization of dendritic cells, isolated from normal and stimulated lymph nodes of the rat. AB - Non-lymphoid dendritic cells were isolated from normal and paratyphoid vaccine stimulated lymph nodes draining the rat skin. They were studied using enzymecytochemical, immunocytochemical and electron-microscopical methods. These cells had an irregular outline and an eccentrically situated nucleus. All showed acid phosphatase activity in a central area and expressed Ia antigen on the plasma membrane. Birbeck granules were exclusively present in dendritic cells isolated from lymph nodes in the induction phase of the immune response. This observation concurs with the presence of Birbeck granules in interdigitating cells in situ during the same period of the immune response. It is concluded that the dendritic cells are the in-vitro equivalents of the non-actively phagocytizing population of interdigitating cells. PMID- 3907848 TI - Immunohistochemical investigation of urotensins in the caudal spinal cord of four species of elasmobranchs and the lamprey, Lampetra japonica. AB - In the four species of elasmobranchs examined (Triakis scyllia, Heterodontus japonicus, Scyliorhinus torazame, Dasyatis akajei), all identifiable caudal neurosecretory cells and their corresponding neurohemal areas showed urotensin II (UII)-immunoreactivity with varied intensity. To localize urotensin I (UI) in the caudal neurosecretory system of the dogfish, Triakis scyllia, h-CRF (1-20) antiserum that cross-reacts with UI was used in place of UI antiserum. CRF/UI immunoreactivity was demonstrated in the neurosecretory cells and neurohemal areas. A considerable number of neurons showed both UII- and CRF/UI immunoreactivities, suggesting that UII and UI are produced in the same neurosecretory cells. However, some neurons exhibited UII-immunoreactivity, but no CRF/UI-immunoreactivity. Cells immunoreactive only to CRF antiserum were not detected. At least two populations of neurons exist in the dogfish caudal neurosecretory system: (i) cells immunoreactive for both CRF/UI and UII, and (ii) cells immunoreactive for UII. The dorsal cells of the lamprey, Lampetra japonica, did not react with either UII or CRF antiserum. PMID- 3907849 TI - Alpha actinin distribution and extracellular matrix products during somitogenesis and neurulation in the chick embryo. AB - A discrete stage in two different morphogenetic processes has been examined employing fluorescently labelled alpha-actinin as a probe to localize native alpha-actinin and antibodies to localize fibronectin and collagen type I. The stage of somitogenesis examined is the transition from the compact mesenchymal somitic mass to the epithelial somitic vesicle (ie, epithelialization of the somite). The stage of neurulation examined is the transition from the relatively flat neuroepithelium to the approximation of the neural folds. Before these morphogenetic movements begin, the neuroepithelium is sitting upon a basal lamina and interstitial collagen, and the somite is surrounded by a meshwork of interstitial collagen. During both of these processes, the cells become narrowed at their apices in the region of the tissue that is becoming concave, and alpha actinin is localized in the apices. The localization of intracellular alpha actinin and extracellular fibronectin, and the distribution of collagen, suggest that there is a coordinated appearance and distribution of these molecules that is temporally associated with these discrete morphogenetic events. PMID- 3907850 TI - The homeo box and mammalian development. PMID- 3907851 TI - GCN4 protein, synthesized in vitro, binds HIS3 regulatory sequences: implications for general control of amino acid biosynthetic genes in yeast. AB - The yeast GCN4 gene product is necessary for the transcriptional induction of many amino acid biosynthetic genes in response to conditions of amino acid starvation. We synthesized radioactively pure GCN4 protein by in vitro translation of mRNA produced by in vitro transcription with SP6 RNA polymerase. GCN4 protein binds specifically to the 20 bp region of the HIS3 gene that is critical for transcriptional regulation in vivo and contains the TGACTC sequence common to coregulated genes. A synthetic GCN4 mutant protein lacking the 40 C terminal amino acids fails to bind DNA; this correlates with a gcn4 mutant gene that is nonfunctional in vivo. Finally, GCN4 protein binds to the promoter regions of coordinately regulated genes, but not to analogous regions of other genes. We suggest that GCN4 protein is a specific transcription factor, and we describe a molecular model for the general control of amino acid biosynthetic genes. PMID- 3907852 TI - Studies on the interaction of the human c-myc protein with cell nuclei: p62c-myc as a member of a discrete subset of nuclear proteins. AB - We have analyzed the localization of the human c-myc product (p62c-myc) at steady state in cells by immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting. We show that p62c-myc is extracted from nuclei by mild salt concentrations (below 200 mM), without affecting gross nuclear structure or causing extraction of major chromatin components. We observe no association between p62c-myc and the nuclear matrix. We also demonstrate that p62c-myc is a member of a discrete subset of nuclear proteins that are all rendered irreversibly insoluble in situ by exposure of isolated nuclei to physiological temperatures (37 degrees C). p62c-myc is sequestered into a similar insoluble complex in cells that have been subjected to heat shock. Finally, we show that avian v-myc and v-myb proteins in isolated nuclei also become insoluble after exposure to temperatures above 37 degrees C. We discuss the possible implications of these results. PMID- 3907853 TI - An early decrease in phosphatidylinositol turnover occurs on induction of Friend cell differentiation and precedes the decrease in c-myc expression. AB - Phosphatidylinositol turnover has recently been implicated in the regulation of proliferation and transformation. Its role in differentiation has now been investigated using Friend erythroleukemia cells, which can be induced to differentiate along the erythroid pathway by dimethylsulfoxide and certain other agents. We have found that levels of the phosphatidylinositol metabolites inositol-trisphosphate and diacylglycerol significantly decrease within 2 hr of induction of Friend cell differentiation. These decreases precede decreased expression of the c-myc proto-oncogene and its protein product. Phorbol 12 myristate, 13-acetate, which can mimic diacylglycerol, blocked differentiation without reversing the decrease in phosphatidylinositol metabolite levels. Two synthetic diacylglycerols, L-alpha-1-oleoyl-2-acetoyl-sn-3-glycerol and sn-1,2 dioctanoylglycerol, also blocked differentiation and commitment. Diacylglycerol regulation of kinase C activity may play a key role in control of c-myc expression and Friend cell differentiation. PMID- 3907854 TI - Dual functions of the signal peptide in protein transfer across the membrane. AB - Most secretory proteins in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are synthesized from a precursor with an amino-terminal extension of 20 to 25 amino acid residues called a signal peptide. These signal peptides are removed during translocation of the secretory proteins across the membrane. When two precursor structures are fused, the internalized second signal peptide was found to exert two different roles, depending upon either the distance between the two signal peptides, or whether the first signal peptide functions cotranslationally or posttranslationally. One role is to function as the usual signal peptide to translocate the protein downstream of the internal signal peptide. The other role is to function as a stop-transfer signal to create a transmembrane protein with the second signal peptide anchoring the protein in the membrane. PMID- 3907855 TI - Isolation of the gene encoding yeast DNA polymerase I. AB - A yeast genomic DNA expression library in lambda gt11 antibody prepared against yeast DNA polymerase I were used to isolate the gene encoding DNA polymerase I. The identity of the DNA polymerase I gene was determined by several criteria. First, the clone-encoded protein is immunologically related to DNA polymerase I. Second, cells containing the gene cloned in the high copy number plasmid YEp24 overproduce the polymerase activity 4- to 5-fold as measured in yeast extracts. Finally, insertion of the gene downstream from a bacteriophage T7 promoter allows synthesis of yeast DNA polymerase I in Escherichia coli. Gene disruption and Southern hybridization experiments show that the polymerase is encoded by an essential, single copy gene. Examination of the germinated spores containing the disrupted gene reveals a defect in nuclear division and a terminal phenotype typical of replication mutants. PMID- 3907856 TI - Identification of a specific telomere terminal transferase activity in Tetrahymena extracts. AB - We have found a novel activity in Tetrahymena cell free extracts that adds tandem TTGGGG repeats onto synthetic telomere primers. The single-stranded DNA oligonucleotides (TTGGGG)4 and TGTGTGGGTGTGTGGGTGTGTGGG, consisting of the Tetrahymena and yeast telomeric sequences respectively, each functioned as primers for elongation, while (CCCCAA)4 and two nontelomeric sequence DNA oligomers did not. Efficient synthesis of the TTGGGG repeats depended only on addition of micromolar concentrations of oligomer primer, dGTP, and dTTP to the extract. The activity was sensitive to heat and proteinase K treatment. The repeat addition was independent of both endogenous Tetrahymena DNA and the endogenous alpha-type DNA polymerase; and a greater elongation activity was present during macronuclear development, when a large number of telomeres are formed and replicated, than during vegetative cell growth. We propose that the novel telomere terminal transferase is involved in the addition of telomeric repeats necessary for the replication of chromosome ends in eukaryotes. PMID- 3907857 TI - The ARD1 gene of yeast functions in the switch between the mitotic cell cycle and alternative developmental pathways. AB - Mutations in the yeast gene ARD1 lead to inability to respond to alpha-factor, inability to enter stationary phase, and inability to sporulate, suggesting an important role for the ARD1 gene product in controlling the switch between the mitotic cell cycle and alternative cell fates. MATa, ard1 cells seem to be defective in the expression of all a-specific functions, whereas MAT alpha, ard1 cells respond normally to a-factor. We propose that ARD1 is required for the expression of genes involved in a-mating functions, stationary phase, and sporulation. The ARD1 gene has been cloned and sequenced; there is weak homology between the C terminus of the ARD1 protein, the C-terminal region of MAT alpha 2, and the homeo box. PMID- 3907858 TI - Expression of antigen-specific, major histocompatibility complex-restricted receptors by cortical and medullary thymocytes in situ. AB - We have examined the distribution of the antigen-specific, major histocompatibility complex-restricted receptor on mouse thymocytes in situ, using immunohistochemical techniques and the monoclonal antibody KJ16-133. This antibody reacts with the beta chain of the receptors on about 20% of peripheral murine T cells. Of the cortical thymocytes reacting with KJ16-133, cells with only cytoplasmic staining were most frequently observed. Such cytoplasmic staining was not observed in the medulla. Occasional cortical cells had low levels of surface expression, which was almost invariably patched in the region of contact with epithelial cell processes. KJ16-133+ medullary thymocytes had high levels of uniform surface labeling. These results suggest that thymic selection of MHC restriction and/or tolerance may occur in the cortex, where the receptors on maturing thymocytes interact with MHC proteins on epithelial cells. PMID- 3907859 TI - A eukaryotic transcriptional activator bearing the DNA specificity of a prokaryotic repressor. AB - We describe a new protein that binds to DNA and activates gene transcription in yeast. This protein, LexA-GAL4, is a hybrid of LexA, an Escherichia coli repressor protein, and GAL4, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae transcriptional activator. The hybrid protein, synthesized in yeast, activates transcription of a gene if and only if a lexA operator is present near the transcription start site. Thus, the DNA binding function of GAL4 can be replaced with that of a prokaryotic repressor without loss of the transcriptional activation function. These results suggest that DNA-bound LexA-GAL4 and DNA-bound GAL4 activate transcription by contacting other proteins. PMID- 3907860 TI - Entry of RNA polymerase at the lac promoter. AB - The pathway of RNA polymerase entry at the lac promoter was studied by investigating the relationship between the promoter and a weak, overlapping polymerase interaction site (P2). If polymerase is made to enter the DNA by binding in vitro at this P2 site, cyclic AMP receptor protein (CRP) actively removes polymerase and redirects it to the promoter. A template competition experiment demonstrates that RNA polymerase initially bound at P2 does not slide the 22 base pairs along the DNA from this "entry" site to the promoter, but must locate the promoter by first leaving the template. We infer that CRP works by binding DNA in a way that both clears the promoter and modifies it to assume a form that is a better receptor for the binding of RNA polymerase from free solution. PMID- 3907861 TI - The regulatory subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase from Dictyostelium discoideum: cellular localization and developmental regulation analyzed by immunoblotting. AB - The level of the regulatory subunit of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase from Dictyostelium discoideum was analyzed in subcellular fractions of cells at various stages of development by Western blotting. The protein was found only in the cytosolic fraction. A small amount of regulatory subunit was present in vegetative cells, and its level increased sharply during the first hours of aggregation; a further increase also occurred during culmination. Analysis of mature spores and of the stalky mutant HL 65 revealed that the protein is present only in prespore cells. PMID- 3907862 TI - IgM-mediated enhancement of in vivo anti-sheep erythrocyte antibody responses: isotype analysis of the enhanced responses. AB - The direct splenic anti-sheep erythrocyte (anti-SRBC) responses as well as the serum IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b, and IgG3 anti-SRBC responses of CBA/CaJ mice were monitored 4-35 days after immunization with: (1) a suboptimal dose of SRBC, (2) a suboptimal dose of SRBC plus monoclonal IgM anti-SRBC, or (3) a high dose of SRBC. The direct plaque-forming cell (PFC) responses of mice in treatment group 2 were significantly higher than those in group 1 but similar to the responses in group 3. The serum anti-SRBC antibody responses of all IgG subclasses were significantly enhanced by IgM anti-SRBC and were generally even higher than the responses obtained with high doses of SRBC. The relative proportions of each serum IgG subclass were similar in all three groups. These data suggest that the enhancement of suboptimal anti-SRBC antibody responses by IgM anti-SRBC extends through IgM and all of the IgG subclasses and, further, that the isotype profile in antibody-enhanced responses is similar to that obtained with high doses of SRBC. PMID- 3907864 TI - Cyclosporin A efficacy and toxicity in organ transplantation with special focus on cadaveric renal transplantation. AB - The pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties of cyclosporin A are reviewed. Its adverse reactions and posology in allograft transplantation are described according to clinical experience. Preliminary results with the use of cyclosporin A (Cy A) in primary cadaveric renal transplant patients, in comparison to 3 other conventional treatments, are reported in a randomized study of 69 patients: even if graft acute tubular necrosis is more frequent in the Cy A group, this group is the one which reaches the most successful short term renal graft survival. PMID- 3907863 TI - Folate transport. AB - Although a matter of some controversy in the face of differing experimental systems employing a wide range of substrate concentrations and conditions, there is a growing consensus that monoglutamyl folates are taken up by the intestinal epithelial cell by a structure-specific and energy-mediated transport process coded-for genetically. This "carrier-mediated" transport system can be demonstrated in several mammalian species in vitro and can be shown to be the property of the intestinal microvillus membrane in studies of isolated membrane vesicles. The transport system is highly pH-dependent with an optimum slightly below pH 6 which is very close to the pH of the proximal small intestine. At or near optimal pH the folate transport system exhibits saturation kinetics, competition among different forms of monoglutamyl folates and methotrexate, counter transport, and sensitivity to metabolic inhibitors. This system is functional in the physiological range of folate concentration under 10 microM. At high concentrations of folate in the intestine which can be achieved by folate therapy, folate uptake by diffusion is demonstrable. This latter process predominates at pharmacologic concentrations of folate above 10 microM. PMID- 3907865 TI - Inverse correlation between bacterial frameshift mutagenicity and yeast mitochondrial effects of antitumour anilinoacridines. AB - The mutagenicity of a series of derivatives of 9-anilinoacridine, including the clinical antitumour agent amsacrine, has been assessed using a bacterial frameshift tester strain (Salmonella typhimurium TA1537) and a yeast petite colony assay (Saccharomyces cerevisiae 5178B). The results have been compared with microbial mammalian cell cytotoxicity, DNA binding affinity and acridine base strength (pKa). Compounds containing strong electron donor substituents on the acridine ring, and which have a high acridine pKa, show minimal frameshift mutagenicity but are strong inducers of petite yeast mutants. Conversely, some compounds which have a high DNA binding constant but a significant proportion of uncharged form at neutral pH, show high frameshift mutagenicity but minimal induction of petite mutants. It is hypothesised that this inverse relationship arises from the presence of trans-membrane drug transport mechanisms which act to exclude some compounds, particularly strongly basic compounds from the cytoplasm and to concentrate them in mitochondria. PMID- 3907866 TI - Inhibition of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases by the mycotoxin patulin. AB - The effect of patulin on tRNA aminoacylation has been determined. This mycotoxin inhibits the aminoacylation process by irreversibly inactivating aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. At neutral and alkaline pH-values, the inactivation occurs mainly by modification of essential thiol groups of the protein, whereas at acidic pH, where the effect is the most pronounced, the modification of other amino acid residues cannot be excluded. PMID- 3907867 TI - [Hepatic cystadenocarcinoma: presentation of a clinical case and review of the literature]. AB - The finding of a case of cystadenocarcinoma supplies the opportunity for a reviewing of the literature concerning this rare liver neoplasm. From a diagnostical standpoint, the instrumental tests result non-specific. Only the needle-biopsy of papillary formations set forth through the echography within hepatic formations of cystic type is able to supply diagnoses of cystadenocarcinoma. Yet, the procedure is not exempt from risks. Decisive may be the peroperative histologic testing on fragments of the cyst wall. In consideration of the better prognosis of cystadenocarcinoma in respect of hepatocarcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma, and the risk of relapse, the election surgical treatment should be represented by hepatectomy. PMID- 3907868 TI - [Tumoral biology of osteosarcoma]. PMID- 3907869 TI - [Epidemiologic review of bone cancers and more particularly osteosarcoma]. PMID- 3907870 TI - [Clinical characteristics of osteosarcoma]. PMID- 3907871 TI - [Osteosarcoma of the extremities in children. Role of imaging]. PMID- 3907872 TI - [Pathologic anatomy of osteosarcoma in children and adolescents. Diagnostic considerations]. PMID- 3907873 TI - [Chemotherapy of osteosarcomas]. PMID- 3907874 TI - [Surgical treatment of pulmonary metastases of osteosarcomas]. PMID- 3907875 TI - Grey's Hospital, Pietermaritzburg 1855-1985. A proud record of service to the people of Pietermaritzburg and its environs. PMID- 3907876 TI - [Regional characteristics of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli serotypes isolated from children with gastroenteritis in the South Pacific (New Caledonia, Vanuatu Republic, Wallis and Futuna]. AB - One hundred and fifty enterotoxigenic strains of Escherichia coli (ETEC) isolated from infants with acute diarrhoeas in New Caledonia, Vanuatu and Wallis and Futuna were examined for serotypes. Twenty serotypes were identified, 5% of E. coli (7 strains) were rough and 8% (12 strains) were untypable. The serotypes 06, 025, and 078 are enterotoxigenic at 100%. The serotypes 027 and 073 classically enterotoxigenic did not produce any enterotoxin. This study opens up a possibility that the predominant enterotoxigenic serotypes in that region of the South Pacific are probably different from the serotypes proposed in the pool of sera to identify ETEC. PMID- 3907877 TI - [8 cases of drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria contracted in Mozambique]. AB - Between April and June 1984, eight chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum malaria cases were observed in non-immune patients after their emergency sanitary return from NE Mozambique. In vivo resistance to amodiaquine and pyrimethamine were demonstrated from two isolates. Radical cure was obtained with mefloquine in all cases. These patients came from an expatriate community of 35 adult men among which six other chloroquine-resistant malarial cases were probable. The epidemic pattern of this chloroquine-resistant focus is underlined. PMID- 3907878 TI - [Uveal effusion syndrome secondary to orbital cellulitis]. PMID- 3907879 TI - [Current aspects of direct suturing of canalicular injuries]. PMID- 3907880 TI - [Adjustable surgery in esotropia. Adjustable resection]. PMID- 3907881 TI - Intraglomerular uptake of platelets in unilateral Masugi nephritis in the rabbit. AB - The pathogenetic roles of platelets were studied in unilateral progressive Masugi nephritis in the rabbit. On fourteenth day after the injection of anti-kidney serum, peripheral platelet counts, platelet aggregation and platelet aggregation rate were not changed statistically compared with those before the initial injection. The presence of platelet antigen within the glomeruli of the unclamped nephritic kidney suggests the participation in the pathogenesis of glomerular lesion. No significant difference was observed in the intrarenal uptake of 111Indium-labeled platelets between clamped and unclamped kidneys. This is probably due to the possibility of the participation of the very small amount of platelets or the possible decreased renal blood flow in the nephritic side in this model, or the active uptake of platelet not being found in this progressed stage of this model. PMID- 3907882 TI - Anorexia nervosa. AB - This paper, following a brief historical note, reviews the literature on anorexia nervosa. It begins by describing the characteristics of the syndrome and then considers incidence, aetiology and treatment. The results of treatment are described and the paper concludes by attempting a prognosis for those who are diagnosed anorexic. The authors are eclectic in their literature survey and also present some experience collected in a hospital school. The paper is intended as a teaching synthesis for clinicians new to this area or for those seeking a brief introduction to the present 'state of the art' in theory and practice. PMID- 3907883 TI - Possible personality problems among 10-year-old spina bifida children. AB - Forty-four 10-year-old spina bifida children and 52 non-disabled controls completed the Rogers Personal Adjustment Inventory and their teachers assessed their school behaviour on the Bristol Social Adjustment Guide. Spina bifida children and the controls had similar school adjustment scores but the former appeared to have significantly more emotional problems on the Rogers Inventory suggesting that they have private worries not revealed by characteristic behaviour in school. Factors associated with apparent emotional upset are considered and implications for support discussed. PMID- 3907884 TI - Application of animal shock models to the human. PMID- 3907885 TI - Efficaciousness of immunoglobulin G prophylaxis on mortality and physiological variables in gram-negative peritonitis in rodents. AB - A rapidly expanding role involving the use of immunoglobulin preparations in conditions other than the classical immunodeficiency syndromes is evident in recent years. Treatment with immunoglobulin may be especially important during infection in which specific antibody to pathogens has been consumed, degraded, or not produced and in cases in which antibiotic treatment is ineffective. Recent studies in animals and humans support this concept, although further studies are needed to fully develop it. This study was completed to explore possible beneficial effects of prophylactic treatment of rodents during severe Salmonella typhimurium peritonitis with a newly developed native immunoglobulin G preparation for intravenous use (IGIV pH 4.25). This study demonstrates that IGIV pH 4.25 increases survival time and decreases absolute mortality, prevents hypotension and acidosis, and ameliorates or prevents changes in variables indicative of organ damage during S. typhimurium bacteremia in the rat. Studies in mice indicate that protection is mediated by antibody to cell surface antigen (s) of S. typhimurium. PMID- 3907886 TI - Interaction between intraocular lenses and surrounding tissues. PMID- 3907887 TI - Atopy and rheumatoid arthritis. AB - The prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was studied among 266 atopic patients attending an allergy clinic. Two patients had definite RA, a prevalence similar to that seen in the general population. We also studied the prevalence of atopy (positive skin-prick tests) and diseases associated with atopy among forty patients with RA and forty age- and sex-matched controls. The two groups had a similar prevalence of atopy (5 RA patients, nine controls) and atopic diseases (fourteen RA patients, fourteen controls) and they did not differ with respect to blood eosinophil counts or total serum IgE. Positive RAST tests to inhaled allergens were found in three RA patients and five controls and all patients had negative RAST tests to milk and egg. It was concluded that patients with rheumatoid arthritis have a normal prevalence of atopy and atopic diseases and we found no evidence that allergic factors contributed to the arthritis of the forty RA patients in the study. PMID- 3907888 TI - Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis and sensitization to Aspergillus fumigatus in chronic bronchiectasis in adults. AB - Fifty adult subjects for whom a diagnosis of idiopathic bronchiectasis (excluding those secondary to tuberculosis or hypogammaglobulinaemia) had been confirmed previously were investigated by: questionnaire; blood eosinophil count; sputum culture for Aspergillus fumigatus and eosinophil count; chest radiography; skin prick tests with several aeroallergens and four preparations of A. fumigatus, including a reference extract; measurement of specific IgE antibodies; precipitin testing and self-crossed immunoelectrophoresis with A. fumigatus. Five subjects were possible cases of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in whom the condition had been previously misdiagnosed or in whom sensitization to A. fumigatus had occurred after the onset of bronchiectasis. These five subjects had positive immediate skin reactions to A. fumigatus and a history of recurrent pneumonias. Four had a previous history of asthma and the others showed increased bronchial responsiveness to inhaled methacholine. At the time of the survey, A. fumigatus grew in the sputum of one out of five subjects. These subjects had increased levels of specific IgE. Two had precipitins by double diffusion and three subjects were positive on self-crossed immunoelectrophoresis. It is concluded that allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis or evidence of sensitization to A. fumigatus can be identified in a significant proportion of adult subjects with so-called idiopathic bronchiectasis. PMID- 3907889 TI - The effect of proteolytic degradation of plasma fibronectin on the responses of functional and immunometric assays for intact fibronectin. AB - Numerous studies have been made into the nature and importance of altered levels of plasma fibronectin seen in a range of clinical disorders. However, fibronectin is highly sensitive to the proteolytic degradation which may accompany some of these conditions. The influence of such degradation on the assays used is frequently unknown. We have investigated the effects of controlled protease degradation on the responses of an electroimmuno and a functional assay, using purified fibronectin. Tryptic digestion influenced the assays more than thrombin, in relation to the degree of breakdown. Both enzymes reduced the functional (gelatin-binding) activity whilst tryptic cleavage increased the apparent concentration by electroimmunoassay. The findings demonstrate that certain assays may be inappropriate for those clinical conditions where levels of intact fibronectin are of most interest. It is also necessary, then, to determine the degree of fibronectin breakdown when measuring pathological levels. PMID- 3907890 TI - Increased plasma glycosidase and protease activity in uraemia: possible role in the aetiology of the anaemia of chronic renal failure. AB - We have measured plasma N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.30) and neuraminidase (EC 3.2.1.18) activities as markers of glycosidase activity and immunoreactive trypsin (EC 3.4.21.4) levels as a marker of proteolytic potential in the plasma of normal and uraemic subjects. The levels of all of these enzymes are significantly elevated in the plasma of uraemic subjects when compared to normal. We have postulated that the combined attack of glycosidases and proteases on erythropoietin will lead to fragmentation of this glycoprotein hormone with loss of activity. This may be a major contributory cause to the anaemia of chronic renal failure. PMID- 3907891 TI - Somatosensory evoked potentials: monitoring cerebral functions following liver transplantation. AB - Serial somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) were obtained from a patient with Wilson's disease who had had liver transplantation. Correlating with recovery of hepatic encephalopathy and liver functions following the surgery, SEPs showed progressive normalization of peak latencies and waveforms. The data indicate that SEP may be a useful objective method in assessing recovery of cerebral functions following liver transplantation. PMID- 3907892 TI - The relationship between serum prolactin and immunocytochemical staining for prolactin in patients with pituitary macroadenomas. AB - We have studied the relationship between mean pretreatment levels of serum prolactin and the presence of positive immunohistochemical staining for prolactin in the pituitary tumours of 55 patients. Pretreatment serum prolactin was significantly higher in patients with tumours showing many prolactin immunostaining cells than in those with none (P less than 0.001). When the pretreatment serum prolactin exceeded 6000 mU/l, the tumours contained over 90% of prolactin positive cells; one patient was an exception who had received long term high dose bromocriptine therapy, and her tumour showed only occasional cells with positive staining. When the pretreatment serum prolactin level was under 2500 mU/l, a tumour was found which showed either no cells or fewer than 1% of cells which stained for prolactin. There was no significant difference in pretreatment serum prolactin levels between 11 patients with craniopharyngiomas and 34 patients with pituitary macroadenomas showing no prolactin immunostaining. Seventy-one percent (32) of the 45 patients with craniopharyngiomas or tumours with negative immunostaining for prolactin, had raised pretreatment serum prolactin levels (above 360 mU/l) although this was usually only slightly elevated; the levels exceeded 2500 mU/l in six (13%) of them (two craniopharyngiomas, four pituitary tumours) but in none did the levels exceed 6000 mU/l. Four of the 55 pituitary tumours showed occasional cells (less than 1%) that stained positively for growth hormone. In none of the patients with these tumours was there evidence of acromegaly or pathologically elevated circulating growth hormone levels. PMID- 3907893 TI - Third-line therapy. A cautionary note. AB - Ten patients who failed to achieve a satisfactory blood pressure level with dual therapy of a diuretic and a beta-blocker were allocated to captopril, nifedipine and methyldopa in random order as third-line therapy. Four patients failed to respond to any third-line agent; one patient responded to all three agents, two to nifedipine and captopril and one only to captopril. Third-line therapy is frequently ineffective and several agents may have to be tried to achieve an adequate response. PMID- 3907894 TI - Production and release of inactive renin by human vascular smooth muscle cells. AB - Human arterial smooth muscle cells were obtained from surgically excised tissues and cultured by the explant method. The cultured cells had both active and inactive forms of an angiotensin I forming enzyme. About a five-fold increase in the activity was obtained by trypsin treatment. This renin-like enzyme was also found in abundance in the culture media, mostly in an inactive form. Most of the enzyme activity, either before or after the activation, was suppressed by an antibody specific to human renin. The inactive enzyme was activated to some extent also by acidification and by cold exposure. The molecular weight of the inactive enzyme was estimated to be approximately 49,000 by gel filtration. These results suggest that human vascular smooth muscle cells can produce renin and release an inactive form of renin, and can be a potential source of plasma inactive renin under certain conditions such as the anephric state. PMID- 3907895 TI - The diagnostic value of the 24 hour integrated concentration of plasma aldosterone. AB - The 24-hour urinary excretion rate of aldosterone, the 24-hour integrated concentration of plasma aldosterone (IC-ALDO) and the morning plasma aldosterone levels from a single, discrete venipuncture of 92 subjects (30 normal subjects, 62 patients with mild, essential hypertension) were compared, using the variance ratio method, to 12 patients with primary aldosteronism. The variance of the IC ALDO was significantly lower than the respective variances of the 24-hour urinary excretion of aldosterone (P less than 0.01) and of the discrete, morning plasma levels of aldosterone (P less than 0.01). The clinical usefulness of this diagnostic procedure depends on its ability to discriminate between healthy subjects and various hypertensive patients. Because of its narrower variance and enhanced discriminatory ability, the 24-hour IC-ALDO may have useful application in diagnosis of various disorders of aldosterone secretion. We have found the IC ALDO completely separated 11 of 12 primary aldosteronism patients (mean 36 +/- 17) from essential hypertensive controls (mean 9.6 +/- 4.1) (P less than 0.01). When IC-ALDO was combined with integrated concentration of plasma renin activity in an ALDO/RENIN ratio, all 12 primary aldosteronism patients were diagnosed. PMID- 3907897 TI - Are the tonsils and adenoids a reservoir of infection in otitis media with effusion (glue ear)? AB - In a prospective investigation of the treatment of glue ear in children, the possible role of persistent infection in the tonsils and adenoids was assessed by comparing bacterial cultures of swabs and resected tissue from the tonsils and adenoids of patients with cultures of swabs from similar sites in control subjects without ENT abnormality. For almost all potential pathogens, including Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae, no statistically significant differences were demonstrated between patients and controls. The same was true of Streptococcus pyogenes in tonsil specimens, while in adenoid specimens rather more isolates were obtained in patients than controls. This difference was just statistically significant at the 5% level, but only when all isolations, including very scanty growths, were compared. On present evidence, persistent infection should not be invoked to explain the success of adenoidectomy in otitis media with effusion or to justify adenotonsillectomy. PMID- 3907896 TI - The brain renin-angiotensin system and the development of DOC-salt hypertension. AB - The effect of captopril, given in the drinking fluid, on the development of DOC salt hypertension was analyzed. Although captopril did not prevent an increase in blood pressure (BP) elicited by DOC-salt, captopril did diminish BP in both DOC salt and control animals. From the first week of treatment DOC-salt rats increased their fluid intake (FI). At the end of the experiment, captopril reduced this increment (655% to 357%). At the same time plasma angiotensinogen was diminished (-35%; p less than 0.001) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) substrate concentration increased (+33%; p less than 0.02) in DOC-salt rats, captopril did not modify these changes. In control rats captopril did not alter FI, depleted plasma angiotensinogen, (-73%; p less than 0.001), did not change the central prohormone and increased plasma renin activity (PRA) (+260%; p less than 0.001). IN CONCLUSION: CSF angiotensinogen concentration changes as previously found in CNS while a clear dissociation between plasma and CSF angiotensinogen was found in DOC-salt rats. In these animals the hypertension was not clearly affected by captopril treatment. However the effect of the converting enzyme inhibitor suggests that the central renin-angiotensin system could participate in the increase in FI. PMID- 3907898 TI - Cicatricial pemphigoid with nail dystrophy. PMID- 3907900 TI - Human monoclonal antibodies from patients with rheumatoid arthritis: cross reactions against cellular constituents. AB - Hybridization of peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis has yielded 14 monoclonal antibodies which react with cultured human epithelial cells. Immunofluorescence staining identifies at last five different types of antibody. Solid phase immunosorbent assays show a variety of cross reaction patterns with nucleic acids, proteoglycan, cardiolipin and plastic, confirming that the various antibodies react with epitopes which are at least slightly different. These conclusions are confirmed by SDS gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting on epithelial cell extracts. Similar antibodies previously found in association with lupus-like disease have been thought to be representative of the high antinuclear antibody response characteristic of lupus. Our data are more consistent with the hypothesis that all or many of these antibodies are part of the normal inflammatory response. PMID- 3907899 TI - Epithelial HLA-DR expression and T lymphocyte subsets in salivary glands in Sjogren's syndrome. AB - Salivary glands obtained at biopsy from patients with Sjogren's syndrome and controls were studied with regard to phenotype of infiltrating and residing cells, by means of a double immunoenzymatic staining technique. The infiltrating lymphocytes, which were sparse or absent in the control group in contrast to their abundant presence in the Sjogren patients, consisted in both groups mainly of T lymphocytes, the majority of which were T helper cells. In the controls, the glandular epithelial cells were HLA-DR- whereas in the Sjogren patients HLA-DR+ epithelial cells were found, mainly confined to areas, where the epithelial cells were seen in close proximity to the periphery of dense lymphocytic infiltrates. The data are in accordance with recent findings of HLA-DR expressing residing cells in the target organs of various chronic inflammatory diseases and might indicate the induction of HLA-DR expression in nonlymphocytic cells of target organs in which a cellular infiltration dominated by cells of the T helper phenotype is found. PMID- 3907901 TI - Complement fixation by pemphigus antibody. II. Complement enhanced detachment of epidermal cells. AB - We have previously demonstrated that pemphigus antibodies will fix complement to organ and tissue cultured epidermal cells in vitro. In the present study, we sought to determine the role complement plays in the detachment of cultured murine epidermal cells by pemphigus antibody. Forty-eight hour cultivated epidermal monolayers from neonatal BALB/c mice were treated with purified IgG fractions of pemphigus sera in the presence or absence of complement. In the absence of complement, pemphigus IgG produced slight cell detachment when compared to an identical amount of normal IgG. When cells were maintained in media with pemphigus IgG plus complement for 48 h, the cell detachment was significantly higher than that obtained with pemphigus IgG alone, or with normal IgG plus complement. Heat inactivation or Clq depletion of the complement source resulted in complete inhibition of cell detachment. When pemphigus F(ab')2 plus complement was used instead of whole pemphigus IgG plus complement, the cell detachment rate was again lowered significantly. Both pemphigus IgG and the complement source were depleted of plasminogen by passage over a lysine-Sepharose 4B column, and tested for their effects on cell detachment depleted of plasminogen. Depletion of plasminogen failed to inhibit cell detachment induced by pemphigus IgG and complement. These results suggest that complement activated by pemphigus antibody binding to the epidermal cell surface induces epidermal cell detachment and would argue against the plasminogen-plasmin system as the sole cause of cell detachment in pemphigus. PMID- 3907902 TI - Factors contributing to the development of cerebral malaria. II. Endotoxin. AB - Limulus amoebocyte lysate test (LALT) was used to detect endotoxin-like substances in the plasma of 15 patients with cerebral malaria, 28 patients with uncomplicated falciparum malaria and 30 healthy controls. On admission, 67% of cerebral malaria patients were positive, whereas only 21.4% of uncomplicated malaria patients and none of controls were positive. Among uncomplicated malaria cases, four of eight patients with parasitaemia over 90,000/mm3 were LALT positive whereas only two of 20 patients with parasitaemia of less than 90,000/mm3 were positive. A follow-up study in cerebral malaria patients showed some variation in LALT positivity rate from day to day (85.7% on day 1, 53.3% on day 3 and all negative on discharge from hospital). LALT positivity bore no relationship to gram negative bacteraemia. Leucocytosis and elevated serum enzymes were more frequently found in LALT-positive patients. Our results suggest that endotoxin (LALT positivity) of the plasma of malaria patients is derived from either the parasites themselves or from the gut. It relates to parasitaemia, leucocytosis and elevated serum enzymes, but not to the clinical syndrome of cerebral malaria. PMID- 3907903 TI - Serum antibodies against alcohol-treated rabbit hepatocytes in patients with alcoholic liver disease. AB - The existence of antibodies against alcohol-treated rabbit hepatocytes in sera of patients with alcoholic liver disease was investigated utilizing a 125I-labelled protein A assay. The sera, after two absorptions with normal rabbit hepatocytes, were incubated with hepatocytes isolated from rabbits which had been treated for 4 days with a daily dose of ethanol (1 g/kg body weight) intravenously. Serum antibodies against alcohol-treated hepatocytes were detected in 21 of 55 patients with alcoholic liver disease; this was associated with a distinct, mixed granular and linear fluorescence staining the surface of alcohol-treated hepatocytes. By contrast, none of 23 patients with other liver diseases who had no history of excessive alcohol intake showed the antibodies in their sera. The values of the antibodies of patients with alcoholic active cirrhosis and alcoholic hepatitis were significantly higher than those of other types of alcoholic liver disease. These results showed that antibodies against alcohol-treated hepatocytes are present in alcoholic liver disease with inflammation. The role of these antibodies on liver cell damage in alcoholic liver disease remains to be clarified. PMID- 3907904 TI - Deficiency of NK activity of HNK-1+ cells after transplantation of fetal thymus and liver or haploidentical soybean agglutinin-treated marrow cells in two severe combined immunodeficiency patients. AB - Two severe combined-immunodeficiency patients successfully transplanted with fetal thymus and liver or haploidentical lectin-treated marrow cells lacked NK activity, with a normal number of HNK1+ cell-defined NK cells. The defect was not due to the inhibiting factor in patients' sera. Their NK cells bound to their targets, but did not lyse them in a single-cell agarose assay, and did not respond to alpha-IFN or IL-2. IL-2 did not stimulated the development of mature NK cells that bear M1 antigens from precursors that lack M1 antigens. PMID- 3907905 TI - A novel human B-lymphocyte antigen shared with lymphoid dendritic cells: characterization by monoclonal antibody. AB - A novel cell-surface antigen (L25) expressed on human B cells was identified using a B cell-reactive monoclonal antibody (TB1-4D5). This L25 antigen was expressed on most B-lineage cells but not other cell types including thymocytes, T cells, granulocytes and monocytes. Thus, L25 existed on the majority of normal B cells present in the blood and lymphoid tissues, on cultured cell lines derived from normal and malignant B cells, and on neoplastic cells isolated from patients with B cell-derived malignancies. Though L25 was persistently expressed on B cells until 7 days after their activation with pokeweed mitogen (PWM), neither normal nor neoplastic plasma cells expressed L25. Moreover, L25 was present on cultured as well as freshly isolated leukaemic cells with common acute lymphatic leukaemia (CALL) antigen, which have been thought to correspond to the early B cell ontogeny. Besides pan-B cell reactivity of TB1-4D5 antibody, it apparently cross-reacted with so-called dendritic or interdigitating cells located in the thymic-dependent areas of peripheral lymphoid organs, which have been presumably ascribed to those associated with accessory-cell function. Functional studies showed that anti-L25 (TB1-4D5) antibody had inhibitory effect on induction of immunoglobulin synthesis by PWM-stimulated B cells. PMID- 3907906 TI - Immunoregulatory pathways in murine leishmaniasis: different regulatory control during Leishmania mexicana mexicana and Leishmania major infections. AB - The effect of whole body sublethal gamma irradiation on the subsequent growth of Leishmania mexicana mexicana and Leishmania major was studied in CBA/Ca and BALB/c mice. Whereas BALB/c mice are highly susceptible to both parasites developing non healing progressively growing lesions at the site of cutaneous infection, CBA/Ca mice develop small healing cutaneous ulcers following subcutaneous infection with L. major but non healing lesions following subcutaneous infection with L.m. mexicana. Prior whole body sublethal irradiation of CBA/Ca mice, but not BALB/c mice, resulted in strong resistance against infection with L.m. mexicana: no lesions developed at the site of cutaneous infection. Irradiated BALB/c mice did, however, develop small lesions which healed when infected with L. major. The protective effects of irradiation coincided with the development of delayed type hypersensitivity. Both naive and sensitized nylon wool purified lymphocytes could restore susceptibility to L. major in irradiated BALB/c mice but only lymphocytes from long term infected donor mice adoptively transferred a non healing response to irradiated CBA/Ca mice infected with L.m. mexicana. Non-irradiated, L. major infected, CBA/Ca mice, but not similarly treated BALB/c mice, were found to be resistant to subsequent infection with L.m. mexicana. On the other hand, irradiated BALB/c mice infected with L. major were resistant to subsequent infectious challenge with L.m. mexicana. We suggest that the susceptibility of CBA/Ca mice to L.m. mexicana is under the control of an as yet unidentified gene which is not dependent on the generation of T suppressor cells and is bypassed by previous infection with L. major. Therefore, BALB/c mice immunized against L. major by prior sublethal irradiation are also resistant to L.m. mexicana. PMID- 3907907 TI - Complement activation in type 1 human diabetes. AB - Complement activation was quantitated in serum and plasma of diabetic and normal subjects by sensitive competitive equilibrium radioimmunoassays (RIA) for C3a, C4a, C5a, Factor B, and a newly described C5 neoantigen (termed C5 activation antigen, and abbreviated C5-AA) in a stable 54-kDa fragment of C5. Plasma C3a levels were significantly elevated in 8 of 16 patients with newly diagnosed Type 1 diabetes (P less than 0.0005) with the mean C3a concentration for these patients being more than 10-times greater than the mean value of normal controls. C4a levels were also elevated in 2 of these patients (P less than 0.02), but C5a levels, although higher than normal, were not significantly increased. In contrast, the levels of C5-AA in the serum of all patients (11/11) with chronic Type 1 diabetes were significantly higher than in control Type 2 patients (noninsulin-dependent diabetes) (P less than 0.0005) and 4 of 7 patients with new onset insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus also had significantly higher levels of C5-AA than the Type 2 patients (P less than 0.01). The levels of Factor B in the serum of 5 of 9 patients with new onset diabetes were significantly higher than normal (P less than 0.0025). Five recent onset Type 1 diabetes patients were evaluated longitudinally for C3a, C4a, and C5a: in 3 the levels of C3a were elevated during new onset disease decreasing into the normal range during remission; in 2 of these patients C4a was also significantly elevated and the levels decreased during remission; and in 3 patients the levels of C5a were not significantly elevated but they decreased during remission. Purified human complement proteins and complement hemolytic assays were used to measure complement activation in serum during incubation with rat pancreatic islet cells. With diluted normal human serum, less than 20% of C3 or Factor B were consumed during 30 min at 37 degrees C, while with new onset Type 1 diabetic patient sera up to 90% of C3 and Factor B were consumed in 5/6 sera and 4/6 sera, respectively. These findings suggest (a) that complement activation fragments C3a, C4a, and C5a are generated in vivo in new onset Type 1 diabetes; (b) that both the classical and the alternative complement pathways may be activated; and (c) that this may result in a measurable activation of C5 generating biologically and immunologically active C5a and other C5 activation fragments.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3907908 TI - Intravenous vancomycin as initial treatment for gram-positive peritonitis in patients on chronic peritoneal dialysis. AB - Fourteen episodes of peritonitis complicating chronic peritoneal dialysis were treated with intravenous injections of 1 gm of vancomycin weekly for 4 successive weeks. Peak (one hour after completion of injection) and trough (immediately before the next injection) serum and dialysate vancomycin levels were measured. Vancomycin treatment resulted in a cure in 12 episodes (85.7%). Serum vancomycin levels were always above therapeutic range, but did not rise, with subsequent injections, to toxic range. Dialysate vancomycin levels were therapeutic for more than 85% of the measurements. One patient, who failed to respond to vancomycin plus cephalosporins, was cured with intraperitoneal streptokinase plus the same antibiotics. In another patient, a relapse was cured with vancomycin plus oral rifampin. Dialysate vancomycin levels were therapeutic in the last two patients. Peritoneal catheters were not removed. No significant side effects of vancomycin treatment were observed. PMID- 3907909 TI - Hypokalemia secondary to primary hyperaldosteronism in a renal transplant recipient. AB - We describe a patient who developed persistant hypokalemia after renal transplantation that was initially attributed to diuretics and/or steroids. However after stopping the diuretic, the patient continued to have urinary losses of potassium (less than 30 mEq/day) at a time when the serum potassium was only 2.4 mEq/l and high urinary chloride (33 mEq/day) suggesting that the diuretics were not responsible for the hypokalemia and the metabolic alkalosis. The results of these simple laboratory tests and the presence of persistent severe hypokalemia prompted additional studies (peripheral renin activity; plasma aldosterone levels; and CT scan) that led to the diagnosis of left adrenal gland adenoma. Surgical removal of the adrenal adenoma led to the normalization of the serum potassium and a fall in the total CO2 content in plasma. To our knowledge this is the first report of a case of hypokalemia secondary to primary hyperaldosteronism in a renal transplant recipient. PMID- 3907910 TI - Verapamil prevents post-transplant oliguric renal failure. AB - Verapamil has proven effective in preventing acute renal failure in animal models if given prior to the insult and hence possibly has a role in the preservation of cadaveric renal tissue for transplantation. Twenty renal donors were randomly assigned to treatment (receiving verapamil 20 mg intravenously) and control groups. Recipients were monitored for renal failure by urine output and serum creatinines on days 1 and 7 and dialysis requirement to one week. Early urine outputs and serum creatinines (day 1) were significantly better in the treated than control group (p greater than 0.01, 0.05 respectively). We conclude therefore that verapamil may prevent post-transplant acute renal failure, but its optimal dosage and route of administration remain to be determined. PMID- 3907911 TI - Iron metabolism and anaemia in pregnancy. AB - The mechanism by which anaemia develops in pregnancy is well understood: haemodilution causes a fall in the haemoglobin concentration during the first and second trimesters of normal pregnancies. Negative iron balance throughout pregnancy, particularly in the latter half, may lead to iron deficiency anaemia during the third trimester. The increase in iron demand is required to meet the expansion in maternal haemoglobin mass and to meet the needs of fetal growth. Fetal demand for iron results in a unidirectional flow of iron to the fetus against a concentration gradient regulated by fetal requirements for iron; this iron transfer occurs almost entirely irrespective of maternal iron status. The development of maternal iron deficiency during pregnancy may be detected by monitoring the haemoglobin concentration frequently; values falling to less than 11 g/dl should be regarded as abnormal, but specific red cell changes, such as microcytosis, may be lacking. A diagnosis of iron deficiency can be most conveniently confirmed by the serum ferritin concentration falling to less than 12 micrograms/l. Women at risk from iron deficiency anaemia can therefore be readily identified and corrective treatment instituted prior to the development of severe anaemia. A serum ferritin concentration of less than 50 micrograms/l in early pregnancy is an indication for iron supplements. Women in whom the serum ferritin concentration is greater than 80 micrograms/l at booking are unlikely to require iron supplements during pregnancy. This approach would eliminate the need for routine prophylactic iron therapy, which, in populations enjoying a good nutritional status, can no longer be justified in early pregnancy. Furthermore, any risk to the fetus from severe maternal anaemia would be avoided by prophylaxis and prompt treatment. PMID- 3907912 TI - Folate and cobalamin. PMID- 3907913 TI - Thromboembolism. AB - The overall incidence of venous thromboembolism is about 0.7 per thousand maternities, but pulmonary embolus is currently the single most common cause of maternal mortality. Major risk factors are operative delivery, age, multiparity and previous thromboembolism. Because of the risks in anticoagulant therapy and the difficulties of clinical diagnosis, it is essential to use objective tests, usually venography for deep-vein thrombosis and lung scan for pulmonary embolus. The acute phase will normally be treated with a continuous infusion of heparin, followed by subcutaneous heparin, given until at least six weeks post-delivery. Warfarin may be substituted after the first week post-delivery. In contrast to the treatment of other forms of thromboembolism, patients with artificial heart valves should be managed with warfarin until 36 weeks of pregnancy. Although the fetal risks in warfarin therapy are greater than those of subcutaneous heparin, the obvious alternative, subcutaneous heparin, does not provide adequate prophylaxis against thromboembolism. In patients who have had venous thromboembolism in the past, the maternal risks do not justify prolonged prophylaxis with subcutaneous heparin as usually given (20 000 units per day) throughout pregnancy. Further clinical trials are necessary to select the best alternatives. Antithrombin III deficiency should be managed with subcutaneous heparin taken from before conception until at least one week post-delivery, when warfarin therapy can be recommended. In addition, the labour should be covered with antithrombin III concentrate. PMID- 3907914 TI - Thrombocytopenia. AB - Thrombocytopenia is a common haematological abnormality in pregnancy which has important implications for both mother and fetus. It may occur as part of the pathophysiology of pregnancy itself, but in many cases pregnancy is superimposed on a background of haematological disease. Failure of platelet production remains a difficult and dangerous problem to manage while the outlook for non-immune platelet destruction has improved as a result of a clearer understanding of the haemostatic changes taking place in the pregnant woman. Immune-mediated thrombocytopenia is now also better understood because of recent advances in antibody detection and quantitation but it has been difficult to translate this new knowledge into the planning of well considered treatment strategies. The administration of high-dose ivIgG to either mother or fetus shows promise as a new and safer method of managing delivery and neonatal life in autoimmune and alloimmune thrombocytopenia but further evaluation is necessary before the indications for giving ivIgG are clear. Close cooperation between obstetricians, haematologists and scientific staff is essential if the best treatment for the thrombocytopenia of pregnancy is to be given. PMID- 3907915 TI - Pregnancy in sickle cell disease. PMID- 3907916 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of inherited blood diseases. AB - Many common genetic disorders of the blood can be identified in utero, either by fetal blood sampling, biochemical analysis of amniotic fluid cells or directly by studying DNA obtained from amniotic fluid cells or chorion biopsy. With the development of gene probes for most of the important genetic disorders of the blood there will be a gradual transition from fetal blood sampling and amniocentesis to chorion biopsy as the major approach to prenatal diagnosis of haematological disorders. Since the carrier states for many of these conditions can be identified at the antenatal clinic by a careful family history and a few relatively simple blood tests the outlook for prevention of many of the important genetic disorders of the blood is extremely promising. PMID- 3907918 TI - Hepatic insulin retention depends on influx in both diabetic and normal dogs. AB - Hepatic retention of endogenous and exogenous insulin was investigated in normal and alloxanstreptozotocin diabetic dogs. An hour's peripheral venous infusion of insulin was preceded and followed by saline infusion. Blood samples were drawn simultaneously from the femoral artery and portal, hepatic and peripheral veins. Blood flow was measured electromagnetically in the portal vein and hepatic artery. Hepatic plasma flow was lower in diabetic dogs (p less than 0.001) so that prior to insulin infusion (basal hour) basal mean hepatic venous flux was diminished in them. Hepatic glucose production was higher (p less than 0.05) and arterio-venous glucose difference lower (p less than 0.01) in diabetics basally, but post-insulin infusion, these became similar in diabetics and normals. Although basal hour arterial and peripheral venous insulin concentrations were similar, portal venous insulin was 3.5-fold lower in diabetics. Mean insulin influx (hepatic arterial + portal venous fluxes) was four-fold lower in diabetics. The insulin net flux (influx - hepatic venous flux) was lower in diabetics (p less than 0.05) as was % extraction (p less than 0.001). During the insulin infusion hour the values remained lower for diabetics (p less than 0.05) for influx, net flux and % extraction. During the post-insulin infusion hour the influx, net flux and % extraction became similar. When the basal hour data in normals was restricted to the range of diabetic insulin influx values less than or equal to 10 mU X min-1, the differences in net flux and % extraction between normals and diabetics were no longer present.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3907919 TI - Emergence of tobramycin-resistant S. epidermidis possessing aminoglycoside modifying enzymes and bacteremic superinfection during empiric therapy of febrile neutropenic episodes. AB - During a randomized clinical trial comparing tobramycin plus ticarcillin to netilmicin plus ticarcillin as empiric therapy of febrile neutropenic patients, Staphylococcus epidermidis emerged as the predominate superinfecting pathogen in tobramycin recipients. Overall clinical response was 68% (44/65 responding) in tobramycin/ticarcillin recipients and 73% (45/62) in netilmicin/ticarcillin recipients. However, 5/65 tobramycin/ticarcillin treated episodes were complicated by bacteremic superinfection with Staphylococcus epidermidis, as compared to 0/62 netilmicin/ticarcillin treated episodes (p less than 0.05). Four of the five bacteremic strains produced aminoglycoside adenylating enzyme ANT 4', 4''. Prior colonization of patients with identical strains was demonstrated by plasmid profile analysis, antibiograms and biotyping with the API Staph-Ident system. During the trial, 36 consecutive patients were studied for colonization patterns with coagulase-negative staphylococci. S. epidermidis accounted for 566/831 (68%) isolates of coagulase-negative staphylococci recovered from surveillance cultures. Tobramycin-resistant strains were acquired in 2/17, 4/12 and 9/14 patients during trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, netilmicin/ticarcillin and tobramycin/ticarcillin therapy, respectively. Prior to aminoglycoside therapy, 77% of strains were susceptible to less than or equal to 8 micrograms/ml of tobramycin, but only 35% and 28% were susceptible to tobramycin after initiation of tobramycin/ticarcillin and netilmicin/ticarcillin therapy, respectively. In contrast, greater than or equal to 93% of isolates were susceptible to netilmicin before and after aminoglycoside therapy. Absence of several sites susceptible to modification by aminoglycoside inactivating enzymes produced by staphylococci may give netilmicin a therapeutic advantage in the therapy of febrile neutropenic patients. PMID- 3907920 TI - Pharmacologic considerations in the management of the asphyxiated newborn. AB - The causes of hypoxia and ischemia in the newborn are presented and the possible mechanisms of hypoxic- ischemic cerebral injury discussed in conjunction with the current therapeutic agents used in attempt to minimize neurological sequelae. More recent, non-invasive methods for measuring cerebral injury may allow more accurate assessment of cerebral injury and permit detailed evaluation of various therapies. PMID- 3907917 TI - Tumor dedifferentiation: an important step in tumor invasion. AB - Tumor invasion in vivo was studied by light and electron microscopy as well as by immunofluorescence microscopy. Special regard was paid to the grade of tumor differentiation. Dimethylhydrazine-induced murine colonic carcinomas comprising a differentiated and an undifferentiated tumor type with low and high invasiveness respectively, were used. At the invasion front of both tumor types a striking dissociation of the organized tumor cell complexes into isolated tumor cells was found together with a loss of most of the cytological features of differentiation. It is supposed that this process mobilizes the tumor cells from the main tumor bulk enabling them to invade the host tissue by active locomotion. This view is strongly supported by the demonstration of morphological equivalents of active cell movement such as pseudopodia-like cytoplasmic extrusions, adaptive changes of the cell shape and microfilament bundles. Although the proposed mechanism of tumor invasion is essentially the same in both tumor types, the grade of differentiation is nevertheless critical, as in the undifferentiated carcinomas only subtle dedifferentiation steps (loss of basement membrane and cell junctions) are necessary to acquire an invasive status. This fact may explain the comparatively high invasiveness and poor prognosis of undifferentiated carcinomas. PMID- 3907921 TI - Cardiovascular therapy in the newborn. AB - Considerations for the use of the principal inotropic agents (digoxin and dopamine) in the newborn are discussed. The role of Prostaglandin-E in retaining the patency of the ductus arteriosus in the initial treatment of anomalous vessel formation is outlined. Conversely, chemotherapeutic possibilities for inhibiting prostaglandin production and thus encouraging closure of the ducts prior to surgical intervention are described. PMID- 3907922 TI - Extraperitoneal cesarean section. PMID- 3907923 TI - Increased pulmonary technetium-99m DTPA accumulation in a patient with Goodpasture's syndrome. AB - Goodpasture's syndrome is characterized by the triad of glomerulonephritis, intra alveolar pulmonary hemorrhage, and presence of antiglomerular basement membrane antibodies. It has been shown earlier that intra-alveolar hemorrhage can be detected with radioisotopic techniques. A patient with Goodpasture's syndrome showing increased pulmonary accumulation of Tc-99m DTPA with no evidence of pulmonary hemorrhage is presented. PMID- 3907924 TI - Gallium-67 localization in a mycotic aneurysm of the thoracic aorta. AB - Localization of Ga-67 in a mycotic aneurysm of the thoracic aorta in a renal transplant recipient is reported. This procedure complements other imaging methods in the diagnosis of this serious condition and may be preferable to In 111 leukocytes because of its ready availability. PMID- 3907925 TI - Radionuclide demonstration of urinary bladder-to-colon fistula following radiation therapy. PMID- 3907926 TI - Ventilation scanning with technetium labeled aerosols. DTPA or sulfur colloid? AB - We have compared the distribution in the lungs of submicronic aerosols of either Tc-99m sulfur colloid or Tc-99m DTPA immediately after inhalation with the distribution 20 minutes later in 83 patients. Thirty-two of the 83 patients were active smokers. Of the 28 smokers who received Tc-99m DTPA aerosol, the total lung count fell by a mean of 27 +/- 14% between the 0 and 20 minute image. Eleven of these patients also had a major change in distribution of isotope during this time. In the nonsmoking patients total lung counts from Tc-99m DTPA fell by only 16 +/- 8% and none had a major change in distribution pattern. None of the smoking or non-smoking patients who received Tc-99m sulfur colloid had a significant change in count rate or distribution pattern over 20 minutes. The effects on the ventilation images of these rapid changes in count rate and distribution pattern after Tc-99m DTPA aerosol can be minimized by completing the ventilation study as quickly as possible after inhaling Tc-99m DTPA or by using a nondiffusible agent such as Tc-99m sulfur colloid. PMID- 3907927 TI - The complementary role of SPECT in the diagnosis of cavernous hemangioma of the liver. AB - Cavernous hemangiomas are the most common benign tumors of the liver. Although their clinical course is usually uncomplicated, an accurate diagnosis may be important to exclude conditions that need treatment, (or to avoid an unnecessarily risky percutaneous biopsy). Although blood pool scintigraphy using planar gamma camera imaging is a reliable examination for the diagnosis of liver hemangiomas, it may fail to depict small, deeply seated lesions, and hence miss the diagnosis. Two cases are reported in which SPECT demonstrated delayed pooling in small, deep, space-occupying lesions, which were poorly seen on planar images, and therefore made a cavernous hemangioma the most likely diagnosis. PMID- 3907928 TI - Serum aldosterone and protein-binding variables in Yanomama Indians: a no-salt culture as compared to partially acculturated Guaymi Indians. AB - Yanomama Indians from the jungles of southern Venezuela and northern Brazil excreted 1 +/- 1.5 mEq of Na and 203 +/- 109 mEq of K and had low blood pressure (BP), 102/62 mm Hg). In comparison, Guaymi Indians of Panama excreted 103 +/- 50 mEq of Na and 118 +/- 52 mEq of K and had significantly higher BP (114/75 mm Hg, p less than 0.001). Elucidating the renin-aldosterone axis, total upright serum aldosterone in 34 Yanomama was high (85.6 +/- 78 ng/100 ml). The binding capacities of thermolabile (ABG) and thermostable (ABG-Ts) serum globulins for aldosterone were elevated at 23.8 +/- 6 and 14.9 +/- 2.6%, respectively; consequently, total ABG- plus ABG-Ts- bound aldosterone was as high as 38.6 +/- 6.3%. Plasma renin activity (PRA 10.3 +/- 2.4 ng/ml/h) and urinary aldosterone 18 glucuronide (70.3 +/- 30 micrograms/24 h) in 17 Yanomama were also very high. In contrast, total serum corticosteroids and corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) binding capacity were normal, suggesting normal ACTH activity. PRA correlated positively with total (r = 0.47, p less than 0.05) and free (r = 0.47, p less than 0.05) serum aldosterone, which in turn showed a negative trend with Na (r = 0.33, NS) excretion. The effect of high dietary K appeared less important to aldosterone stimulation and PRA suppression. ABG-bound aldosterone (r = 0.43, p less than 0.01) as well as ABG-Ts (r = 0.56, p less than 0.05) were negatively correlated with diastolic but not systolic BP. The total ABG- and ABG-Ts-bound fraction correlated with diastolic BP (r = 0.43, p less than 0.05) in contrast to the free fraction (r = 0.08, NS) or total aldosterone (r = -0.09). Apparently, only bound serum aldosterone is important for the maintenance of diastolic BP. High serum aldosterone, with elevated excretion, indicates an increased secretion rate; increased serum protein binding suggests an increased tissular activity and alterations in aldosterone metabolism. In Guaymi Indians both total plasma aldosterone (14.5 +/- 65 ng/100 ml) and urinary aldosterone (8.1 +/- 4.8 micrograms/creatinine excretion) were normal. ABG-binding capacity for aldosterone was moderately elevated (17.8 +/- 4.8) and of ABG-Ts normal (10.2 +/- 1.2) suggesting a nearly normal aldosterone metabolism and regulation. The BP of Guaymi was significantly higher than that of the Yanomama. PMID- 3907929 TI - Using phase-contrast microscopy to change oral health beliefs and behaviors. PMID- 3907930 TI - Glucose metabolism during long-term treatment with prazosin. AB - The metabolic effects of the alpha 1-adrenoceptor blocking drug prazosin was evaluated in 8 premenopausal women undergoing treatment for essential hypertension. Intravenous glucose tolerance (IVGTT) and the early insulin response was studied before treatment, after 1 and 12 months and 3 weeks after cessation of drug treatment. The k-value for the glucose disappearance decreased from 2.9 to 2.0 after 1 month. No further change occurred after 12 months. After cessation of the drug the k-value returned to the pre-treatment level. The decreased glucose tolerance was accompanied by a decrease in the early insulin response. It is suggested that the reversible decrease in glucose tolerance is due to an inhibition of the early insulin response, mediated by the increase in circulating catecholamines reported during prazosin treatment. PMID- 3907931 TI - The value of ultrasonic scanning of the spleen in lymphoma. AB - In 40 patients assessed for splenic enlargement prior to splenectomy, clinical examination and ultrasonic scanning gave equally accurate results when compared with splenic weight after removal. In the 22 patients having staging laparotomy and splenectomy for Hodgkin's disease, ultrasound was unable to assess accurately the presence of tumour deposits. PMID- 3907932 TI - Bile duct calibre: the discrepancy between ultrasonic and retrograde cholangiographic measurement in the post-cholecystectomy patient. AB - The discrepancy between bile duct measurements obtained by ultrasound and retrograde cholangiography in post-cholecystectomy patients was prospectively evaluated by performing real-time biliary tract sonography on 50 patients 2-3 h prior to endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC). A significant discrepancy was detected (P less than 0.001) which was greatest in 14 patients shown by cholangiography to have duct dilatation without evidence of biliary tract disease (P much less than 0.001). Factors contributing to the discrepancy included: measurement of different regions of the duct by the two techniques, loss of duct wall elasticity producing a 'floppy duct' phenomenon, the capacity of the biliary tract for rapid spontaneous change in calibre, radiographic magnification and ultrasonic underestimation of duct diameter. The sonographic diameters were significantly correlated to the diameters measured by ERC (r = 0.73). Although ERC generally agreed with ultrasound in the diagnosis of duct dilatation (specificity 90%), there was significant disagreement between the two techniques in the detection of non-dilatation, dilated or 'dilatable' systems being missed by ultrasound in 11 out of 21 (52%) of cases in which they were found by ERC. Our results suggest that, in the investigation of the symptomatic post cholecystectomy patient, direct comparison of bile duct size measured by ultrasound and ERC is of limited clinical value. PMID- 3907933 TI - The use of a low-osmolality contrast medium in hysterosalpingography: comparison with a conventional contrast medium. AB - Hexabrix 320 has been compared with Conray 280 in a randomised double-blind study of 97 patients undergoing hysterosalpingography. Although the lower osmolality and higher viscosity of Hexabrix should make it an ideal hysterosalpingographic agent, no differences were detected between the two contrast media, either in the incidence of side-effects or in radiographic image quality. PMID- 3907934 TI - Nuclear-based techniques for the in vivo study of human body composition. Report of an Advisory Group of the International Atomic Energy Agency. PMID- 3907936 TI - Preventing Haemophilus influenzae type b disease. AB - The pathogenesis of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) disease and methods for limiting spread of outbreaks of Hib disease are reviewed. Many strains of H. influenzae are surrounded by an outer polysaccharide capsule; of the six antigenically distinct capsular types, Hib is the predominant cause of such serious infections as meningitis, especially among children younger than five years of age. The age-specific incidence of Hib disease appears to be related to the relatively small concentrations of anti-Hib antibody present in young children. Children younger than 48 months of age who reside in the same house or attend the same day-care center as a child who develops Hib disease appear to be at increased risk for contracting systemic Hib infections. Prophylactic administration of rifampin 20 mg/kg once daily for four days can substantially decrease asymptomatic carriage of Hib in household contacts of the index patient and reduce the incidence of secondary Hib disease. The index patient should also receive prophylactic rifampin therapy before discharge from the hospital; i.v. antibiotics may cure the systemic infection but allow nasopharyngeal colonization to persist. A vaccine formulated from purified Hib capsular polysaccharide confers protection to more than 90% of children vaccinated at a minimum age of 24 months. Other candidates for vaccination include children between the ages of two and five years who attend day-care centers and children with anatomic or functional asplenia or malignancies. The vaccine is not effective in children younger than 18 months of age (who account for 60% of Hib disease in the U.S.); methods to increase vaccine immunogenicity in young infants are being evaluated. Reduction of Hib disease in the U.S. may be possible through widespread use of the new vaccine. PMID- 3907935 TI - Nomifensine maleate: a new second-generation antidepressant. AB - The pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, adverse effects, drug interactions, dosage, and formulary recommendations for nomifensine maleate are reviewed. Nomifensine is a potent inhibitor of norepinephrine but has little effect on serotonin. It is unique in that it is a potent reuptake inhibitor of dopamine. Nomifensine is rapidly and completely absorbed and is widely distributed throughout the body. The major route of elimination is through the kidneys. Because of its short half-life and resultant lack of accumulation, nomifensine is usually given in divided doses. Nomifensine is approved for the treatment of depression. In clinical trials with imipramine, amitriptyline, nortriptyline, maprotiline, and various investigational antidepressant drugs, it has been found to be as effective as the standard antidepressant agents. In general, nomifensine has been well tolerated by patients and has caused few side effects. It also has not been associated with serious toxic effects in overdose situations. The usual effective dose of nomifensine maleate is 100-200 mg daily given in divided doses. It appears to be a good choice for patients with profoundly retarded depression and for those who cannot tolerate the side effects of traditional antidepressant drugs. Nomifensine should not be used alone in patients with schizoaffective disorders or in patients with agitated depression. Nomifensine is a safe and effective antidepressant with a fairly unique pharmacological profile. Because the drug is relatively safe and causes little sedation, it may offer substantial advantages over the more traditional antidepressants and should be considered for formulary addition. PMID- 3907937 TI - Transfusional iron overload. PMID- 3907938 TI - When is autologous bone marrow transplantation safe after high-dose treatment with etoposide? AB - Etoposide (VP16-213) is widely used in the treatment of malignant disease and increasingly high doses are now used in conjunction with autologous bone marrow transplantation. After treatment with etoposide, bone marrow should be reinfused as soon as the plasma etoposide concentration has fallen to a level which will not prove toxic to the small number of pluripotential stem cells present in the reinfused marrow, but this level has not been previously defined. Nine patients were studied of whom five received 1400 mg etoposide/m2 and four received 2400 mg etoposide/m2 intravenously over 3 days. Bone marrow was reinfused 64-136 h after finishing chemotherapy. Haemopoietic recovery occurred in all patients within 16 days of autologous bone marrow reinfusion performed at a time when plasma etoposide concentrations ranged from 0-2.42 micrograms/ml. However the clinical and in vitro data presented suggest that bone marrow reinfusion after treatment with high-dose etoposide should be delayed until the plasma etoposide concentrations have fallen to less than 0.4 microgram/ml although haemopoietic recovery may occur after bone marrow reinfusion at higher concentrations. PMID- 3907939 TI - [Negative effects of diuretics]. PMID- 3907940 TI - [Spasmophilia]. PMID- 3907941 TI - [Use of acyclovir in zoster encephalitis]. PMID- 3907942 TI - Pathophysiology of pulmonary edema. PMID- 3907943 TI - The chest roentgenogram in pulmonary edema. AB - It has been shown that the chest roentgenogram is a sensitive and accurate pool for detecting and quantitating cardiogenic pulmonary edema. This can be done at the interstitial stage, when it cannot be detected by physical examination. At the same time the chest film can provide useful information about the circulating blood volume. In patients with the ARDS, a characteristic peripheral and patchy distribution of alveolar edema associated with an absence of peribronchial cuffing, septal lines and effusions has been shown. Enlargement of the right side of the heart and main pulmonary artery may precede actual development of edema in ARDS and provide the opportunity for early diagnosis. Radiographic "scoring" in cases of ARDS correlates well with PO2 (measured with an F1O2 = .21) standardized to a PCO2 of 40 mm Hg. The three main forms of lung edema (that is, cardiogenic, renal or overhydration, and injury edema) appear to have radiographic features that can be used to separate them. The accuracy and objectivity of this approach has been confirmed by taking the radiographic signs as input variables for discriminant analysis. Different hemodynamic conditions and changes of the extravascular protein osmotic forces may be the main factors underlying the radiographic patterns in the various types of pulmonary edema. PMID- 3907944 TI - Ultrastructural abnormalities in increased-permeability pulmonary edema. AB - A general clinical impression is that increased microvascular permeability following acute lung injury always leads to pulmonary edema. The ARDS is a final pathway of acute lung injury. A number of agents may initiate acute lung injury, either directly or indirectly, via cellular and humoral mediators. Clinical and experimental animal studies indicate that both the microvascular and alveolar airway barriers are susceptible to injury. Unfortunately, the spectrum of cellular damage is nonspecific and quite uniform, regardless of the injurious agent. Thus pathologic examination often reveals little about the exact underlying etiology of the lung injury. This situation has minimized the diagnostic value of lung biopsies in clinical cases of increased-permeability pulmonary edema. Nonetheless, the pathologic information has been, and will continue to be, invaluable to understanding the structural and functional relationships present in experimental models of increased-permeability pulmonary edema. PMID- 3907945 TI - Lung mechanics in pulmonary edema. AB - Pulmonary edema can cause alterations in lung mechanics that directly contribute to clinical morbidity and mortality rates. Both the location of the edema fluid (interstitital versus alveolar pulmonary edema) and the etiology of the pulmonary edema contribute to the severity and type of abnormalities of lung mechanics observed. The alterations in lung mechanics associated with the adult respiratory distress syndrome may involve the direct effects of released mediators, alterations in pulmonary surfactant, and altered airway reactivity, as well as the direct effects of the edema fluid. PMID- 3907946 TI - Thermodilution measurement of lung water. AB - The detection and measurement of pulmonary edema by the thermal-dye method appears to be accurate and reproducible under specified laboratory conditions. The ETV, which represents the difference in distribution volumes of the diffusible (thermal) indicator and the intravascular (green dye) indicator, should closely estimate the ELM (ETV = 0.984 ELM). Experimental measurements of ETV have shown a very good correlation with ELM, with a tendency for overestimation in normal lungs and underestimation in severely edematous lungs. In contrast to previous measurements using isotopic water methods, thermal-dye measurements have revealed that the estimation of ELM by ETV in severe edema (alveolar flooding) does not plateau. The limitations of the thermal-dye technique reflect the evenness of lung perfusion. Depending on their size and number, emboli produce perfusion defects and reduce ETV. Airway injury also reduces ETV, apparently by redistribution of blood flow. Alterations of ETV by hemodynamic factors suggest that reduction in perfusion pressure may be more significant than changes in flow, although more data are needed. Atelectasis without a reduction in blood flow does not decrease ETV. PEEP may increase ETV when lung injury is not uniform, perhaps by redistributing blood flow, and this maneuver may be useful in detecting underestimation of ELM. Position of the thermistor produces the greatest degree of variability by distorting the thermodilution curve and prolonging the MTT. This results in an increased ETV and an overestimation of ELM. In laboratory studies, the measurements of ETV can be validated by gravimetric analyses of lung water. Since this method of validation is not possible in clinical studies, measurements of ETV in patients must be interpreted in light of limitations demonstrated in the laboratory. Suggestions for avoiding the most common errors in measuring ETV are listed in Table 3. PMID- 3907947 TI - Bronchoalveolar lavage in patients with the adult respiratory distress syndrome. AB - BAL in patients with ARDS provides material containing the soluble and cellular constituents of the alveolar compartment, and hence is a useful tool for the study of the pathogenesis of ARDS. The technique is imperfect as it is prone to problems of data acquisition and interpretation. However, it is lung-specific and may be used in serial studies of patients over the course of their disease. A large amount of evidence is rapidly being accumulated which documents the presence of effectors of inflammation in the BAL fluids of patients with ARDS. Confirmation of the importance of such mediators, pathways, or cellular constituents of BAL fluid in establishing the pathogenesis of ARDS ultimately depends upon proof of the efficacy of specific clinical interventions which both arrest the activity of the effector and predictably alter the course of the disease. PMID- 3907948 TI - Neurogenic pulmonary edema. AB - Neurogenic pulmonary edema is an anomaly because it cannot be categorized into either of the two major types of pulmonary edema. Both high-pressure and increased-permeability abnormalities may be involved in the pathogenesis of neurogenic pulmonary edema. Furthermore, the mechanisms responsible for these abnormalities appear quite complex. The high-pressure insult appears to be a function of systemic hypertension, pulmonary venoconstriction, negative and positive inotropic factors, and intrinsic myocardial function. Mediators of the pulmonary endothelial permeability defect have not been defined. Although the high-pressure and increased-permeability abnormalities seem to develop through separate mechanisms, their combined effect is probably synergistic on the accumulation of extravascular lung water. The neurologic pathways responsible for initiating neurogenic pulmonary edema remains a mystery. Despite the questions and uncertainties still surrounding neurogenic pulmonary edema, the substantial progress made in understanding the clinical expression, incidence, and pathogenesis of this syndrome does provide a framework for a reasonable approach to its clinical management. PMID- 3907949 TI - Pulmonary edema at high altitude. Review, pathophysiology, and update. AB - In summary, recent data suggest that HAPE is a permeability type of edema characterized by an influx of cells (primarily alveolar macrophages) and an increased protein concentration when compared with that of controls. A modest inflammatory response may be mitigated by the presence of an inhibitor to neutrophil chemotaxis. Further information would be helpful to document the course of the disease from its early and more subtle manifestations to its severe clinical form. In addition, insight into the role of biochemical mediators may lead to a better understanding and hence, to prevention and treatment of this potentially fatal disease. However, identity of the event or mediator which initiates the leak remains a mystery. PMID- 3907950 TI - Pleural effusions and pulmonary edema. AB - Pleural effusions are a common clinical problem, yet the mechanisms of pleural fluid formation have only recently been investigated. In this article, the anatomy and physiology of the normal pleural space is discussed, as well as the pathophysiology of pleural effusion formation. PMID- 3907951 TI - Resolution of pulmonary edema. Mechanisms of liquid, protein, and cellular clearance from the lung. AB - This article considers the resolution of pulmonary edema with an emphasis on the mechanisms of liquid and protein clearance from the interstitium and air spaces of the lung. PMID- 3907952 TI - Giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica. PMID- 3907953 TI - Natural killer cells in connective tissue disorders. AB - NK cells may be important in the elimination of cells infected by virus, in the regulation of antibody production, and in tissue destruction. The significance of NK cells in rheumatic disorders is unknown, but NK cells and NK-like cells have been found in the peripheral blood and synovial tissues of patients with autoimmune disease. In particular, defects in NK cell activity have been reported in SLE, RA, PSS and SS. Of these diseases, SLE appears to be the best characterized with obvious abnormalities in NK cell numbers, impaired cytotoxicity of individual NK cells, decreased release of cytotoxic factors, deranged IFN modulation of the NK cell, and associated abnormalities in the IL-2 system. The association of these abnormalities with the underlying disease process is currently under investigation. PMID- 3907954 TI - Anti-lymphocyte antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus frequently develop antilymphocyte antibodies as measured by complement-dependent cytotoxicity and immunofluorescence assays. Highest titres of both of the major IgM and IgG classes occur during phases of active disease, and their presence is associated with essentially the entire spectrum of immune system functional abnormalities in this disorder. While the full range of antibody specificities requires further clarification, antibodies to many discrete lymphocyte populations have been described, including B cells, T cells, and T cell subsets. Antibodies to T cell subsets are of special interest because of their relationship with subset depletion in vivo, and their capacity to reproduce, through effects on normal cells in vitro, the same types of immunoregulatory abnormalities characteristic of lymphocytes isolated from patients with SLE. Suppressor/inducer and suppressor/effector T cells appear to be the main targets in this regard. Antibodies specific for activated T lymphocytes exist as well, and this type has the unusual property of interfering with events operant in production of/response to interleukin-2, a critical step controlling the expansion of specifically reactive T cells and the induction of other lymphokines. In addition to complement-mediated lysis and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, anti lymphocyte antibodies have the potential to influence immune system function by several non-cytotoxic mechanisms, including surface antigen modulation and ligand/receptor triggering. Despite the large amount of data which has been accumulated concerning the cell type specificity and functional effects of anti lymphocyte antibodies in SLE, little is known about the nature of the surface membrane molecules with which they react. Application of cell cloning and molecular biology technology should rectify this deficiency in the near future. Although it is likely that antilymphocyte antibodies are of relevance to immune system pathophysiology in SLE, it remains to be determined whether these interesting antibodies reflect secondary events, or have some more fundamental significance. PMID- 3907955 TI - Molecular mimicry and rheumatic fever. PMID- 3907956 TI - A computer program for the interpretation of hemodynamic pressures. AB - A computer program for the interpretation of data obtained during hemodynamic monitoring suitable for running on many commonly available microcomputers is presented. Potential modifications of the program are discussed. PMID- 3907957 TI - [The writings of Florence Nightingale: an oration delivered by Mrs. Lucy Seymer]. PMID- 3907958 TI - [In search of the source of nursing education in Japan: studies of Takagi, Reade, and Hepburn]. PMID- 3907959 TI - A fresh look at the anatomy of the prepared post space. PMID- 3907960 TI - Processed permanent record bases in complete denture therapy: rationale and technique. PMID- 3907961 TI - A new combined freeze-dried bone-collagen implant technique and delivery system. PMID- 3907962 TI - Bar-supported removable partial denture concept. PMID- 3907963 TI - A simplified technique for accurate shade selection in composite restorations. PMID- 3907964 TI - Expulsions in immediate postpartum insertions of Lippes Loop D and Copper T IUDs and their counterpart Delta devices--an epidemiological analysis. AB - In this paper, an epidemiological analysis was performed, using an international data set, exclusively on the expulsion problem associated with postpartum IUD insertions. The inserter's experience in postplacental insertions is probably an important determining factor for IUD expulsions. Immediate insertions (within 10 minutes after placental delivery) are possibly associated with lower expulsion rates than later insertions (eg. two to 72 hours after placental delivery) during the woman's postpartum hospitalization. No significant differences were detected between the standard Lippes Loop D and Copper T IUDs and their counterpart Delta devices specifically designed for postpartum use, between the two types of Delta device or between the hand and inserter methods. A case-control analysis also did not detect any significant association between IUD expulsions and mild complications occurring or management performed during the third stage of labor and delivery. The practical implications of these findings, the methodologic problems of this analysis and future research strategies are also discussed. PMID- 3907965 TI - Investigation into the effects of the photodecomposition of norethisterone by UV B light on Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and the rat. AB - In view of the light-induced side-effects of the oral contraceptive pill and the development of injectable and subdermal contraceptive devices, the effects of norethisterone irradiated with UV-B light (280-320 nm) on the microorganism Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and male Wistar rats have been investigated. The observed cytotoxic effect of the photo-products on Salmonella typhimurium TA98 may in part be caused by the irreversible binding of steroid to protein from this bacterium, of which binding is in line with previous experiments. However, after intraperitoneal or percutaneous administration of 4-14C-norethisterone to rats, followed by irradiation with UV-B light, no significantly higher level of radioactivity was observed in blood, organ material of the skin, kidney or liver, on extraction or dialysis of the samples. PMID- 3907966 TI - World Health Organization Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction. An international response to a global concern. PMID- 3907967 TI - Indian Council of Medical Research. Task Force on Hormonal Contraception: Phase II randomized clinical trial with norethisterone oenanthate 50 mg alone and in combination with 5 mg or 2.5 mg of either estradiol valerate or cypionate as a monthly injectable contraceptive. AB - A Phase II multicentric study was carried out to compare the different contraceptive treatment schedules of the monthly injectable consisting of norethisterone oenanthate (NET OEN) 50 mg either given alone or in combination with estrogen esters, 2.5 or 5 mg of estradiol valerate (E2 Val.) or estradiol cypionate (E2 Cyp.). A total of 364 women were observed for 1686 months of use. Analysis of the bleeding pattern data indicated that NET OEN 50 mg when given alone gave rise to delayed cycles and/or amenorrhoea. However, the addition of estrogen esters in a dose of either 2.5 or 5 mg provided significantly better bleeding patterns. Of the different treatment schedules investigated, the combination of NET OEN 50 mg with E2 Val. 5 mg provided more consistent and better cycle control. These findings however need further validation on a larger study sample. PMID- 3907968 TI - Phase IV study of the injection Norigest in Pakistan. AB - A field study of the injectable contraceptive, norethisterone enanthate (NET-EN), was conducted in family planning clinics in Sind and Punjab provinces of Pakistan, to determine the acceptability and feasibility of providing NET-EN in government family planning clinics staffed by Family Welfare Visitors (FWVs). A total of 2147 women were recruited to the study, of whom approximately three fourths had never previously used contraception. The overall discontinuation rate at one year was 78 per 100 women; the most common reason for discontinuation was bleeding disturbances, including amenorrhea, although returning to the clinic too late for an injection also accounted for a substantial proportion of the discontinuations. Given adequate training, FWVs were shown to be capable of providing NET-EN in family planning clinics, including managing the bleeding disturbances common with this method of contraception. No pregnancies were reported, demonstrating that the method is highly effective when used in a usual family planning clinic situation. PMID- 3907969 TI - Effect of norethisterone enanthate on the blood count and endometrial histology of Indian women. AB - Endometrial histology and the haematological indices were studied in women receiving 200 mg of norethisterone enanthate (NET-EN) at 60-day intervals for 24 months as a method of contraception. Significant elevations occurred in the haemoglobin concentration and red blood cell counts during one year of therapy, while eosinophil counts showed a transient increase at 4 months of trial. The changes in the haematological indices seem to be due to stimulation of the erythropoietic system by NET-EN and may also be attributable to diminished blood loss due to amenorrhoea during the course of therapy. The endometrial histology revealed proliferative glands at 2 months which turned quiescent at 6-12 months of NET-EN therapy. Long-term use of 18 months showed atrophic changes with few glands, narrow lumina and stromal oedema. PMID- 3907970 TI - Experimental model of right ventricular failure with heterotopic heart transplantation for assisted circulation. AB - In 20 acute experiments on 40 mongrel dogs ranging in weight from 15 to 20 kg, a heterotopic heart transplant was implanted into the chest of the recipient with experimentally induced right ventricular failure. A detailed description is presented of the operative technique in acute and chronic experiments. Haemodynamic findings attest to the efficacy of the work of the transplant, the right ventricle of which is able to take over most of the work of the right ventricle of the recipient. PMID- 3907971 TI - The retrieval of randomized clinical trials in liver disease from the medical literature. A comparison of MEDLARS and manual methods. AB - Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) provide the most reliable therapeutic information available. Unfortunately, there are no systemic listing of RCTs. We compared a MEDLARS search of 3686 biomedical journals for RCTs with a manual search of the medical literature for the period 1966-1982. For the former search we used subject headings (1) liver disease or (2) biliary tract disease and subheadings (1) drug therapy, (2) surgery, (3) radiotherapy, or (4) therapy, and check tags (1) comparative study or (2) clinical research. For the manual search, the contents of 34 arbitrarily selected, gastroenterologic, hepatologic, surgical, or general journals were perused. The MEDLARS search identified 160 RCTs and 29 others were found in the references of the 160. One hundred fifty four RCTs were identified by both methods. The manual search identified 208 RCTs and an additional 34 were found in the references of the 208. The MEDLARS search identified only 107 of 208 RCTs found in the references of the 208. The MEDLARS search identified only 107 of 208 RCTs found manually in the 36 journals, an efficiency rate of 51%. We estimate that 330 hepatobiliary RCTs had been published during this 17-year period. Sixty percent of the RCTs found by MEDLARS used the key word "randomized," "double blind," or "controlled" in the title, compared to 36% in those found by the manual search. In order to retrieve RCTs, it is essential that editors require that RCTs be identified in their titles or key words by specific terms such as "controlled," "randomized," and "double blind," that papers be so catalogued and indexed, and that searchers be instructed in appropriate search strategies. PMID- 3907972 TI - Cumulating quality of life results in controlled trials of coronary artery bypass graft surgery. AB - Many studies evaluating the effectiveness of coronary artery bypass graft surgery allude to the quality of life benefit resulting from surgery. However, no comprehensive empirical estimate of the absolute or relative magnitude of this benefit is currently available. This paper presents a data synthesis of the research literature on bypass surgery to derive such an estimate. It uses follow up measures of the percent of patients who were angina-free within both the surgical and medical groups of 14 controlled trials to estimate the quality of life benefit following surgery. Results based on the longest reported follow-up period suggest that the chances are approximately 25 to 40% greater that patients will be angina-free if they receive surgery rather than medical treatment. Estimates of benefit are about 15% less in randomized controlled trials compared to controlled trials that used a matching strategy. These results are unlikely to be affected by related factors such as the percentage of patients who crossover from the medical group to the surgical group or the specific method of calculating anginal relief used in this research report. However, differential patients selection may account for the observed design effect. PMID- 3907973 TI - Perusing the literature: comparison of MEDLINE searching with a perinatal trials database. AB - The existence of a Register of Controlled Trials in Perinatal Medicine (National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, Oxford, England) has offered an opportunity to assess the efficacy of online searching of MEDLINE, an example of a broad bibliographic database. Retrieval of all relevant randomized control trials (RCTs) in a given field is important in analyses in which results are pooled (meta-analyses). Reports of RCTs of prevention and treatment of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and prevention of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) for the years 1966-1983 were sought in both the Register and MEDLINE files. Comparison of subject searches revealed a number of unlisted papers in each file that were then found to be present by an author search. In the MEDLINE searching an amateur was clearly less efficient than an expert, but the expert recovered only 29% of the relevant hyperbilirubinemia papers available in MEDLINE, and only 56% of the identified IVH RCTs. Some of the deficiencies in recovery have been corrected by indexing improvements, such as the capability of identifying text words in abstracts, and the addition of new medical subject heading terms (MeSH) such as RANDOM ALLOCATION. Efficiency will be best facilitated by authors and editors keeping the MeSH terms used by MEDLINE indexers in mind when they compose titles and abstracts. PMID- 3907974 TI - Infectious crystalline keratopathy: an electron microscope analysis. AB - A 73-year-old man developed a crystalline stromal keratopathy in one eye following his second corneal transplant. Despite aggressive treatment with antibiotics and antifungal agents, the lesion increased in size. A corneal transplant was performed and histopathologic studies were performed using both light and transmission electron microscopy. The characteristic trilamellar structure of a bacterial cell wall was found. The organisms were present only anteriorly. Small electron-dense bodies with needle-like projections were found. These bodies may be responsible for the crystalline appearance of this keratopathy. The appearance of a crystalline keratopathy should alert clinicians to the possibility of a low-grade bacterial infection. After appropriate cultures, we advise early and aggressive therapy with appropriate antibiotics. PMID- 3907975 TI - Ultrastructural characteristics of conjunctiva in cicatricial pemphigoid. AB - Conjunctival biopsy specimens were obtained from three patients with clinically active ocular cicatricial pemphigoid and from two of these patients after successful immunosuppressive therapy. Compared with specimens from normal subjects, the pretreatment specimens showed profound alteration in interepithelial adhesion as evidenced by a dramatic increase in desmosomes. Unusually prominent tonofilaments and tonofibrils were seen throughout the cytoplasm. The basal lamina showed areas of discontinuity, duplication, and focal thickening. The lamina propria was thickened and demonstrated an infiltration of inflammatory cells and disorganized collagen fibrils. Post-treatment specimens had a relative absence of desmosomes between the widely separated epithelial cells, less prominent tonofilaments and tonofibrils among epithelial cells, and, in one specimen, goblet cells. The enhanced network of desmosome-tonofilament complexes serves to tightly bind epithelial cells, perhaps providing a clue to the pathophysiology of conjunctival surface changes. PMID- 3907976 TI - Assessment of endothelial cell density in bovine corneas after osmotically induced dilation of intercellular spaces. AB - Corneal endothelial cells were visualized in intact bovine eyes by specular microscopy of unstained and stained cell borders. The corneas were excised, and flat corneal preparations were studied by reflected and transmitted light. In the excised corneas, the cell borders were visualized by osmotically induced dilation of intercellular spaces, alizarin red staining, and a combination of alizarin red and trypan blue staining. In whole eyes and in excised corneas, the estimates of endothelial cell densities varied by less than 3% from one method of visualization to the next. Estimates of endothelial cell densities obtained in intact eyes at 1 mm Hg were highly correlated to, but 13.6% lower than, estimates in excised corneas. Estimates of endothelial cell density obtained at intraocular pressures of 50 mm Hg were 7.7% lower than estimates obtained at 1 mm Hg. PMID- 3907977 TI - Vital staining of corneal endothelium. AB - The efficacy and applicability of dual vital staining of human and porcine corneal endothelium with trypan blue and alizarin red S stains was investigated. Exposure of endothelial cells to different concentrations of these two dyes for varying periods of time revealed that 0.3% solution of trypan blue for 1 minute followed by 0.2% solution of alizarin red S (pH 4.2) for 1/2 to 1 minute was the most useful technique to assess the cell viability, micro to macro damage, cell division and cell counts, etc. Alizarin red S dye should not be used in in vivo evaluation, while trypan blue was very effective to evaluate the endothelial viability of donor cornea just prior to keratoplasty. PMID- 3907978 TI - The immotile-cilia syndrome: a microtubule-associated defect. AB - The immotile-cilia syndrome is a congenital disorder characterized by all the cilia in the body being either immotile or showing an abnormal and inefficient beating pattern. Most symptoms come from the ciliated airways (nose, paranasal sinuses, and bronchs) and from the middle ear. Two further symptoms are situs inversus and male sterility. Situs inversus occurs in 50% of the cases and this subgroup is termed the Kartagener's syndrome; it might be due to an inability of the embryonic cilia to shift the heart to the left side and situs laterality seems to be a random process in the immotile-cilia syndrome. Male sterility is caused by the spermatozoa being unable to swim progressively; the sperm tail has the same structure as a cilium. In a few cases only the sperm tail or only the cilia of the body are affected. Female patients have a decreased fertility; most are involuntarily childless. The immotile-cilia syndrome is a heterogeneous disorder in that one out of many different genes may be involved. The different subtypes can be distinguished by an electron microscopic examination which will show defects in either one of a number of the ciliary components. PMID- 3907979 TI - In memoriam Tokio Nei. 1913-1984. PMID- 3907980 TI - Preservation of viable cells in the undercooled state. AB - Previous studies into the mechanisms governing the freezing of cells in the absence of extracellular ice have been extended to develop a method for the preservation of viable cells in the undercooled state. Deep undercooling of cells is achieved by suspending fine droplets of the cells in oil to make an emulsion, thus minimizing initiation of extracellular ice nucleation. Attempts to preserve yeast cells, cultured sainfoin cells, and dissected shoot-tips (pea and potato) in this way are described. The main findings are that yeast cells can be preserved undercooled at -20 degrees C for at least 16 weeks with no detectable loss of viability, showing that -20 degrees C is a low enough temperature for inhibition of significant biochemical deterioration and that the emulsions are stable over long periods. In preliminary experiments, sainfoin cells survived 24 hr at -10 degrees C, and shoot-tips survived 48 hr at -10 degrees C. Sainfoin cells, conditioned by growth in medium supplemented with sorbitol, showed enhanced survival after exposure to low temperatures and a lower intracellular freezing point than control cells. Possible reasons for this are discussed. PMID- 3907981 TI - Biomedicine and naturopathic healing in West Germany. A historical and ethnomedical view of a stormy relationship. AB - We trace the history of medical pluralism in Germany from the perspective of a clinically oriented medical anthropology. The continuation of naturopathic medicine in both formal and informal health care illumines fundamental epistemological issues. Cultural and social forces in Germany shaped the scientific and technical development of medicine, which continues in a form distinctly different from that of medicine in North America. The construction of clinical reality in German practice is distinctive and edifying for a cross cultural understanding of medical systems of knowledge and praxis. PMID- 3907982 TI - Reconstitution of MIP26 from single human lenses into artificial membranes. I. Differences in pH sensitivity of cataractous vs. normal human lens fiber cell proteins. AB - Reconstitution of the lens fiber cell protein known as MIP26 into liposomes composed of heterologous phospholipids was achieved; this protein renders the liposomes permeable to low molecular weight compounds. MIP26 from either bovine or human lenses was capable of forming channels in artificial membranes. The assay technique was sufficiently sensitive to allow reconstitution of MIP26 from single human lenses, enabling us to examine the function of channels from either cataractous or age-matched normal lenses. Decreases in pH can cause these channels to close, analogous to the hypothesized channel closing in the in vivo situation. The pH optimum of reconstituted channels in liposomes containing MIP26 from bovine lenses or normal human lenses is very sharp; but is substantially broadened if the liposomes contain MIP26 from cataractous human lenses. This latter result suggests a functional alteration in human lens membranes which is correlated with the development of human senile cataract. PMID- 3907983 TI - Soluble retinal proteins associated with photoreceptor cell death in the rd mouse. AB - In the mouse, the homozygous presence of the rd gene results in the genetically programmed death of the photoreceptor cells of the retina. Using congenic strains of mice and a novel, sensitive, immunological approach for visualizing unique retinal proteins, we identified four bands of protein whose concentrations are regulated by the homozygous presence of the gene for retinal degeneration. Since these proteins (with apparent molecular weights of 23, 33, 55, and 69 kD) are present in normal adult mouse retinas and absent from rodless retinas, and from other mouse non-retinal tissues including brain, heart, kidney and liver, the data support the identification of these proteins as being retina specific. These proteins are not peculiar to the normal mouse retina; but rather, all four (23, 33, 55 and 69 kD) are common to rat retina; three (23, 33, and 55 kD) are common to bovine retina; and presently at least two, 23 and 69 kD, are clearly detectable in normal, adult human retina. The temporal appearance and disappearance of the four retinal specific protein bands coincide with the morphological maturation and degeneration of the photoreceptor cell population. Collectively, the present data suggest that one or more may be photoreceptor specific. These observations present the first step in the identification and characterization of specific soluble proteins correlated with the biochemical phenotype of the rd gene and the death of photoreceptor cells of the retina. PMID- 3907984 TI - Lens junctional protein: analyzing MP26 with monoclonal antibodies. AB - Specific antibodies are versatile tools for analyzing cell surface proteins. This study involves the characterization of monoclonal antibodies which are specific for the junctional protein found in the lens fiber cell. This protein can be expected to include regions on the external membrane surface for junction formation, others on the cytoplasmic surface for regulation of junctional properties and, if cell-cell channels are indeed involved, transmembrane domains forming the hydrophilic connection between adjacent cytoplasms. Antibodies to these various regions would provide for an experimental analysis of the junctional protein, e.g., the identification of "active sites" for junction formation. Three monoclonal antibodies specific for the lens junctional protein in the chicken are described here. The first, termed B2, also recognizes the bovine junctional protein, MP26 (5). We have characterized the submolecular specificity of B2 and have found that it binds approximately ten amino acid residues from the C-terminus of MP26. In isolated lens junction preparations, B2 binds to the cytoplasmic surfaces of the lens junctions (both 12 nm and 16 nm thick forms). Thus, we consider MP26 a component of the lens junction. Monoclonal A4, the second antibody considered in detail here, was produced by immunization with lens membranes after treatment with low pH. We have found that lens junctional membranes are separated, or "split," by treatment at pH 2.5-3.0. It appears that A4 binds to the external surface of the junctional membrane; EM studies to confirm this are in progress. In order to map the A4 binding site within the chicken junctional protein and to explore the arrangement of this protein within the membrane, a number of procedures were used to generate fragments of MP26. These included reactions with N-chlorosuccinimide and proteases after acid treatment. Antibody binding to fragments was evaluated with immunotransfer ("Western") procedures. These studies mapped the A4 binding site to the center of the molecule and suggested that MP26 projected externally from the membrane at two different points. These results are consistent with a recent model, based on sequence data (6), for the arrangement of MP26 within the bovine lens membrane. PMID- 3907985 TI - The distribution of the main intrinsic membrane polypeptide in ocular lens. AB - The Main Intrinsic Polypeptide (MIP) of the ocular lens fiber cell plasma membrane was immunocytochemically localized at the ultrastructural level on ultrathin frozen sections of rat lens, and on extracted, gradient-purified bovine lens membranes. The results indicate that both the junctional and non-junctional membrane domains of the cortical lens fiber cell are MIP immunoreactive. Frozen thin section immunocytochemistry of the lens epithelium and hepatocytes, also using anti-MIP antibodies, revealed that these cells, and their intercellular junctions, are not MIP-immunoreactive. From these findings we conclude that 1) MIP, a putative fiber cell junctional protein, is present throughout the plasma membrane of the lens fiber cell, and is not confined to the fiber cell junctional domain, 2) MIP is not a detectable component of the lens epithelial cell membrane, or its intercellular junctions, 3) MIP is not detectable in gap junctions of hepatocytes. PMID- 3907986 TI - Dilemmas of the structural and biochemical organization of lens membranes during differentiation and aging. AB - This review deals with the biogenesis of MP26 and with the problem of the structural pattern which may be formed by MP26 during differentiation and aging of the lens fibers and as a consequence of the extraction or degradation of other membrane components. The data reported here imply that the MP26 biosynthesis is one of the key steps of cell surface domain formation during terminal differentiation of lens fibers. One striking observation involves the bidimensional long and short range distribution of MP26 copies within the lipid matrix. The protein oligomers may form, in the plane of the membrane, either a geometrical lattice or randomly distributed particle arrays. However, the mechanism controlling the assembly of either one of these patterns and eventually the transition of one into the other, is still unknown. We speculate that the formation of various membrane domains can be depicted as a self-assembly of repeating identical or quasi equivalently related protein subunits, but this process appears to be dependent both on the lipid environment and on interaction of the transmembrane protein oligomers with other membrane or cytoskeletal components, in particular crystalline polypeptides and cytoskeleton constituents. Finally, during the aging process, the post translational modification of MP26 and eventually the variation of the spatial arrangement and composition of the lipids may implicate the predominant lattice arrangement of the lipid and protein phases. PMID- 3907987 TI - A multi-centre general practice clinical evaluation of pivmecillinam plus pivampicillin ('Miraxid') and co-trimoxazole ('Septrin') in respiratory tract infections. AB - Seven-day courses of either 200 mg pivmecillinam plus 250 mg pivampicillin or co trimoxazole (800 mg sulphamethoxazole plus 160 mg trimethoprim) given twice daily were compared in a multi-centre general practice study in 318 patients with signs and symptoms of upper or lower respiratory tract infection. Patients were stratified into four diagnostic groups (sinusitis, otitis media, throat infections, and acute bronchitis) and randomly allocated to treatment within these groups. Assessments at Day 7 showed that both treatments were equally effective clinically, 154 (91%) patients in the pivmecillinam plus pivampicillin group showing clinical cure or improvement and 142 (88%) patients in the co trimoxazole group. Side-effects were reported by 19 (11.9%) patients in the pivmecillinam plus pivampicillin group and by 24 (15.8%) patients in the co trimoxazole group. Two patients in the pivmecillinam plus pivampicillin group and 4 patients in the co-trimoxazole group stopped treatment. PMID- 3907988 TI - A multi-centre, double-blind randomized study to assess the efficacy and tolerance of sulindac versus placebo in the symptomatic treatment of patients with upper respiratory tract infection. AB - A multi-centre, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study was carried out to compare the efficacy and tolerance of sulindac (200 mg twice daily) with placebo in the symptomatic treatment for 7 days of 312 adult patients with upper respiratory tract infection. Investigators and patients rated sulindac superior to placebo in the overall evaluations of response to treatment, but the differences were not significant. In general, patients treated with sulindac had greater mean decreases from baseline scores for individual signs and symptoms than did placebo patients. Fever was relieved better by sulindac than by placebo. The mean decrease from baseline pain scores was also greater in the sulindac group. More patients receiving sulindac reported clinical adverse experiences compared with those on placebo, the most common adverse experiences reported being in the digestive system. PMID- 3907989 TI - Pirprofen in acute ocular inflammation: a controlled study. AB - In a double-blind, between-patient trial, 30 patients affected by acute ocular inflammation were treated with either pirprofen capsules (400 mg twice daily) or indomethacin capsules (50 mg twice daily) for 14 days. Treatment efficacy was evaluated in basal conditions and after 3, 6, 10 and 14 days on the basis of the following criteria: keratic injection, Tyndall phenomenon, vitreous changes, endothelial precipitates and pain severity, all according to 4-point scales. At the end of the study, a final judgement was expressed by the physician. Non parametric statistical tests showed that both treatments significantly modified all the parameters considered. Both drugs were well tolerated; only 1 patient on pirprofen dropped out because of gastralgia. PMID- 3907990 TI - Acemetacin in the treatment of rheumatic diseases: an open, multi-centre trial. AB - An open, multi-centre trial was carried out to assess the efficacy and tolerance of acemetacin in the treatment of patients suffering from various rheumatic diseases. The patients were treated by general practitioners for a maximum period of 6 weeks with a daily dose of 60 mg acemetacin 3-times daily. Assessments were made before, during and after treatment of pain parameters, joint function and swelling, and records kept of any adverse events reported. At the end of treatment, the physician made an overall assessment of response. Data from 760 patients were analyzed and showed 'very good' or 'good' improvement in 55% and 28.5% of patients, respectively. A relatively low percentage (16.3%) reported adverse events, which may or may not have been drug related, and there were few reports (10.7%) of gastric complaints. Twenty-seven (3.6%) patients withdrew from the study for reasons not specified. PMID- 3907991 TI - A double-blind, crossover study of a sustained-release tablet of ketoprofen and normal ketoprofen capsules in the treatment of patients with osteoarthritis. AB - A double-blind, crossover study was carried out to assess the efficacy and tolerance of a sustained-release tablet formulation of ketoprofen given as a single daily 200 mg dose compared with 2 X 50 mg normal formulation capsules of ketoprofen twice daily. Eighty-four patients with osteoarthritis of the hip and/or knee were admitted and received treatment for periods of 3 weeks, preceded by a 1-week placebo wash-out period, with each of the two formulations, in random order. Patients were seen after each study period and clinical objective and subjective assessments made of signs and symptoms of the disease, consumption of rescue analgesic and unwanted effects. Forty-eight of the patients continued, mainly on the sustained-release formulation, in an open long-term tolerance study lasting 3 months. The results were analyzed for 68 patients who completed the double-blind phase and for 33 who completed the open phase of the study. The patients who were withdrawn did so mainly for non-drug related reasons; 19 patients did so because of gastric disorders during the first phase. The incidence of side-effects was low and similar in frequency and nature with both formulations; those that were reported were mild and principally gastro intestinal. Both active treatment periods afforded similar symptomatic relief and were preferred to placebo by all but 2 patients. No significant differences were found between active treatments, although there was a trend in favour of the sustained-release formulation for most of the parameters studied as there was in patient preference. PMID- 3907992 TI - Modulation by molecular interactions. Tribute to Thressa C. Stadtman and Earl R. Stadtman. PMID- 3907993 TI - On conformational changes in the regulatory enzyme aspartate transcarbamoylase. AB - Our preliminary studies provide clear answers to only some of the basic questions posed above regarding the nature of conformational changes in ATCase. By exploiting the reverse reaction to develop a kinetic active site titration technique we demonstrated that symmetry-related regions of ATCase are affected equally in the allosteric transition even though the bisubstrate analog is bound to only one of the six active sites. This is a vivid illustration of a "global" change in an enzyme, and it provides powerful support for the view that active site ligands promote a concerted transition of the enzyme from the low-activity to the high-activity conformation. Kinetic experiments show that this conformational change is rapid, requiring only tenths of a second. In contrast, the studies with isolated catalytic subunits provide evidence for a much more local conformational change which occurs after the ligand is bound and which is much slower, lasting over a time period of many seconds. Although the experiments on the holoenzyme do not show directly how many atoms are involved in the conformational change or how large are the displacements, they do indicate, especially in conjunction with other studies, that many amino acid residues in both the catalytic and regulatory chains must be implicated in the T----R allosteric transition. Why PALA has such a different local effect on the catalytic subunit than does the combination of carbamoylphosphate and succinate is not clear, but this uncertainty may be resolved by further NMR studies. Determining how the local changes at the active sites are linked to the global transition affecting the quaternary structure of the enzyme remains a formidable problem. Also further work is needed in order to determine whether unliganded ATCase molecules exist in an equilibrium mixture of T and R conformations even prior to the ligand binding event. PMID- 3907994 TI - The effects of protein or amino acid intake on the nitrogen balance and antitumor activity of glutaminase treatment. PMID- 3907995 TI - Pyrimidine nucleoside-catabolizing enzymes in Escherichia coli B. PMID- 3907996 TI - Recent biochemical and genetic studies on the amino acid biosynthetic pathway of the aspartate family in Escherichia coli. PMID- 3907997 TI - Regulation of gene expression of translation components in Escherichia coli: initiation factors and aminoacyl tRNA synthetases. PMID- 3907998 TI - Bacterial gene expression and biotechnology. AB - This brief review article has been intended to give a few up-to-date examples of the dramatic impact that our knowledge of gene expression (especially bacterial gene expression) has had in the area of biotechnology. This area is in a state of such rapid growth that it has only been possible to present a limited overview of the subject matter. We have tried to illustrate our points with examples from work in which we have had some direct involvement. It should be apparent that continued increase in our understanding of gene expression should provide additional opportunities for expanded application of the new methodology. PMID- 3907999 TI - Probing microtubule-dependent intracellular motility with nanometre particle video ultramicroscopy (nanovid ultramicroscopy). AB - Colloidal gold particles of 20 to 40 nm diameter stabilized with polyethylene glycol (PEG) were microinjected in PTK2 cells. Aggregates and individual particles, which are smaller than the theoretical limit of resolution of the optical microscope and invisible to the eye are discernible from organelles by reflection of polarized light. They are optimally visualized using transmitted light and electronic subtraction of diffuse background light. The gold particles show saltatory motion. The direction, speed, median distance travelled and frequency of saltations are indiscernible from measurements made on cell organelles in the same preparations. Because microtubule treadmilling has been implicated as a potential motor for organelle motility, gold particles coupled to monoclonal antibodies, recognizing the alpha-subunit of tubulin (Kilmartin et al., 1982), were injected. These particles, often forming linear arrays, assumed entirely fixed positions in the cell. The results suggest that there is a transport system associated with microtubules which can carry synthetic particles through the cell without the need for them being covered with specific proteins. Microtubule treadmilling does not seem to be involved. The possibility of following 20-40 nm particles and probably even smaller ones, that can be coupled to most proteins, within living cells provides a tool of wide applicability to study the fate and behaviour of such proteins. It is suggested that this new method be called nanoparticle video ultramicroscopy or nanovid ultramicroscopy. PMID- 3908000 TI - M-phase promoting factors from eggs of Xenopus laevis. AB - When an M-phase promoting factor (MPF) is injected into Xenopus oocytes, which are naturally arrested at the G2/prophase boundary, it induces rapid entry of the cells into M-phase. MPF is present in late G2 and in M-phase of a variety of cell types, such as Xenopus eggs (naturally arrested in M), cleaving embryos, yeast, HeLa, and CHO cultures. MPF has been purified approximately 50-fold from eggs. It is stabilized by gamma-thio-ATP and by phosphoprotein phosphatase inhibitors. It runs as a protein of approximately 100 kd size on gel filtration. Oocytes contain a precursor of MPF, which is activated by post-translational means when a small amount of purified MPF is injected into the cell. Thus, MPF appears to be an auto activating cytoplasmic trigger of M-phase. At anaphase of the cell cycle, MPF is inactivated due to the appearance of an 'anti-MPF' activity. Monoclonal antibodies have been prepared to partially purified MPF stabilized by gamma-thio ATP, and several preparations which inactivate MPF were obtained. The antibodies are directed against thio-phosphate groups carried by a set of proteins including MPF. This indicates that MPF is present in our active preparations as a thio phosphoprotein. These and other data suggest that MPF is normally activated in the cell cycle by a phosphorylation reaction. PMID- 3908001 TI - Osteons in trabecular bone. Morphometric studies of bone formed by remodeling. PMID- 3908002 TI - Psoriasis. Transcapillary and interstitial transport of plasma proteins, cutaneous blood, flow, and effect of phototherapy. PMID- 3908003 TI - Glycated hemoglobin. Reaction and biokinetic studies. Clinical application of hemoglobin A1c in the assessment of metabolic control in children with diabetes mellitus. AB - The introduction briefly describes the necessity of maintaining a good metabolic control in children with diabetes mellitus. Thereupon, the object of the study is defined, viz. the wish to elucidate glycation of hemoglobin by means of reaction and biokinetic studies and to evaluate the applicability of the glycated hemoglobin fraction HbA1c in the clinical control of children with diabetes mellitus. In the subsequent historical section the most important studies on glycated hemoglobin are reviewed, with a particular view to the formation of this hemoglobin fraction and its clinical applicability. A brief description follows of the pathway in which hemoglobin A, via condensation with glucose, first forms a labile intermediate adduct, designated HbA1d, which is thereafter rearranged to the more stable HbA1c form. The methods used for determining glycated hemoglobin are described and their specificity assessed. In addition, an account is given of the reasons for choosing isoelectric focusing for a further elucidation of the glycation of hemoglobin. Among the results of the present studies it may be mentioned that by using the method of isoelectric focusing for separation of hemoglobin it is possible to: separate HbA1d and HbA1c and to determine the rate and equilibrium constants for the formation and dissociation of these glycated hemoglobin fractions; calculate, by the use of a biokinetic model, that HbA1c reflects the mean blood glucose concentration of the preceding 4 weeks; ascertain that HbA1c is preferable to HbA1 as a parameter for assessing the glycemic control; demonstrate that in children with newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus HbA1c is a useful index for defining the start and cessation of the remission period and for predicting the length of this period; demonstrate that HbA1c in children with diabetes mellitus is positively correlated to the clinical control and negatively correlated to linear growth; demonstrate a seasonal variation in the HbA1c substance fraction which shows the lowest level in the months of June and July; demonstrate that the transport of glucose across the erythrocyte membrane in children with diabetes mellitus is not notably affected by the glycemic control. The final section deals with the possibility whether glycation of hemoglobin and of other proteins can be a contributory cause of long-term diabetic complications. PMID- 3908004 TI - Clinical pharmacokinetics of methotrexate in psoriasis therapy. PMID- 3908005 TI - Hygienic problems in dialysis. Factors determining bacterial contamination of fluids and equipment used for haemo- and peritoneal dialysis, associated health risks, and methods of prevention. PMID- 3908006 TI - Pharmacokinetics of ceftazidime in patients with renal insufficiency and in those undergoing hemodialysis. AB - The pharmacokinetics of ceftazidime, a new cephalosporin antibiotic, were studied in 7 healthy volunteers and 32 patients with renal insufficiency after a single 500-mg intravenous injection. The mean plasma half-life during beta-phase was 1.67 h in normal subjects and was prolonged to 15.09 h in hemodialysis patients. There were significant correlations between the elimination rate constant and the creatinine clearance, and between the beta-phase rate constant and the creatinine clearance. The mean urinary recovery during 24 h amounted to 89.6% of the dose in normal subjects and decreased with the lowering of renal function. The plasma levels during hemodialysis were lower than those between hemodialyses. PMID- 3908007 TI - Pharmacokinetic studies of azlocillin and piperacillin during late pregnancy. AB - In this paper pharmacokinetic data of acylureidopenicillins (azlocillin and piperacillin) in pregnant women in the last trimenon are compared with those from nonpregnant controls. Four g of each drug was administered as slow bolus injection intravenously. The concentrations in serum and urine of both drugs were determined by polarographic and microbiological methods, for comparison. We used for evaluation of pharmacokinetic data a computer program based on the equations of a two-compartment open pharmacokinetic model. Our investigations show that there are not any different pharmacokinetic values of both antibiotics between pregnant women and healthy nonpregnant volunteers. We can state that both antibiotics are well determined by both analyzing methods which give us identical pharmacokinetic results. PMID- 3908008 TI - Bactericidal activity and induction of cell volume alterations of cephalosporins in Escherichia coli. AB - The bactericidal efficacy of cefuroxime and cephacetril on Escherichia coli cultures was measured by killing curves. Simultaneously bacterial cell volumes were analysed by electronic particle counting using a Coulter Counter Channelanalyser system in order to study the relationship between bactericidal activity and bacterial cell volume alterations. Various concentrations (2-120 mg/l cefuroxime and 16-120 mg/l cephacetril) and different exposure times (over a time period of 12 h) were used. Growth medium was human plasma ultrafiltrate. The bactericidal activity of cefuroxime, as measured by the rate of killing of the E. coli culture, was independent of the concentration and constant in the range 4 120 mg/l. The characteristic cefuroxime-induced change in bacterial cell volume was a marked volume increase up to a maximum of 5-fold after 160-200 min exposure with a low-grade bacteriolysis following. The cefuroxime-induced bacterial volume changes were, in accordance with the bactericidal testing, almost independent of the concentration. In contrast, the killing curves for cephacetril strongly depended on the drug concentration. However, this effect was short-lived and regrowth of the E. coli culture followed. The typical cephacetril-induced volume distribution curves were also highly concentration-dependent. With increasing drug levels bacterial cell volume increased up to 20-fold, and regrowth of a persisting bacterial population occurred at lower antibiotic concentrations. Bacteriolysis started earlier than with cefuroxime. The relationship between loss of viability and cell volume increase was more marked with cefuroxime than with cephacetril. PMID- 3908009 TI - Prophylactic single-dose co-trimoxazole for prevention of urinary tract infection after abdominal hysterectomy. AB - The efficacy of a preoperative single-dose of co-trimoxazole in reducing postoperative urinary tract infection and febrile morbidity after abdominal hysterectomy was evaluated in a randomized placebo-controlled study of 90 patients undergoing surgery. Among the co-trimoxazole patients, 6.2% developed urinary tract infection compared to 31% in the placebo group (p less than 0.001) and 12.5% febrile morbidity compared to 38% in the placebo patients (p less than 0.025). No adverse side effects of co-trimoxazole were observed and this regimen seems both safe and effective. PMID- 3908011 TI - [Flexor tendon suture and after care with a dynamic splint]. PMID- 3908010 TI - The effectiveness of behavior modification on hyperkinesis. PMID- 3908012 TI - [Defect coverage in complex hand injuries with and without replantation]. PMID- 3908013 TI - [Treatment of splenic rupture]. PMID- 3908014 TI - [Injury of the gastrointestinal tract following blunt abdominal trauma]. PMID- 3908015 TI - [Reinforcement of freshly glued or sutured rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament using the semitendinous tendon. Indications and early results]. AB - Inopportune rupture forms deteriorate the prognosis after reconstructive operations on the anterior cruciate ligament. In order to improve the treatment results, we apply fibrin glue on intraligamentous ruptures and reinforce the reconstruction result with a distally fixed semitendinosus tendon graft. In old ruptures with beginning degenerative changes on the rupture stumps we refix the rest of the cruciate ligament as a posterolateral ligament part through transosseous sutures and also use the semitendinosus tendon as a reinforcement graft. 19 of the 26 cruciate ligaments treated in this way were stable at the reexamination which took place 9 months after the operation on a average. 7 remaining instabilities are due to degenerative changes of both the tendon graft and the reconstructed rests of the cruciate ligaments: this could be proved by CT studies. Using a tendon graft in combination with alloplastic materials ought to improve the postoperative results in future. PMID- 3908016 TI - [A new technic of transgenicular amputation]. PMID- 3908017 TI - [A pulsating irrigation device for cleansing contaminated and infected wounds (jet lavage)]. PMID- 3908018 TI - [Finger bone grafts]. PMID- 3908019 TI - [Advances in the research of anti-parkinson agents]. PMID- 3908020 TI - [Advances in the study of hepatolenticular degeneration]. PMID- 3908021 TI - [Present status of the immunology and diagnosis of pulmonary sarcoidosis]. PMID- 3908022 TI - [Small airway function in pulmonary edema]. PMID- 3908023 TI - Ethanol disposition in newborn lambs and comparison of alcohol dehydrogenase activity in placenta and maternal sheep, fetal and neonatal lamb liver. AB - The kinetic disposition of ethanol was studied in neonatal lambs. The mean plasma clearance rate was 36 mg/l/h, 17% of that in near-term pregnant sheep. Activity increased slowly during the first 5 days of life. Hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase activity in the neonatal lamb was only 7% of that in adult sheep, but was similar to activity in the near-term fetus. Placental enzyme activity was even lower than that in the fetus and neonate, suggesting only a minor role for it in the metabolic disposition of ethanol during pregnancy. The pH optimum for alcohol dehydrogenase was higher in the fetus and neonate (9.6) than in maternal liver or placenta (9.0). The pharmacodynamic consequences of prolonged neonatal exposure to ethanol due to impaired metabolism remain to be explored. PMID- 3908024 TI - Evaluation of computer-based diet education in persons with diabetes mellitus and limited educational background. AB - A study was conducted to determine whether computer-based techniques for meal planning and diet education could be an effective supplement to diabetes diet counseling in a group of inner-city subjects with limited educational background. Sixteen individuals with diabetes mellitus who were newly referred to an inner city outpatient diet clinic and who demonstrated ninth-grade reading ability were given computer-based nutritional education. They received meal planning information through use of individualized computer-planned menus and education about the diabetes diet by computer-assisted instruction (CAI) combined with an interactive videodisc system (VIDEO). Total contact time was 180 min of CAI/VIDEO, 50 min of dietitian/patient education, and 20 min of dietitian/patient computer time (the last function could have been performed by a clerk). At the end of 4 wk, the group performance was improved in Exchange Lists knowledge (P less than 0.001), recognition of foods containing concentrated carbohydrate (P less than 0.05), and reduction of reported fat intake (P less than 0.05). In addition, average group weight declined by 4.6 lb (P less than 0.005). No improvement was found in food-measuring skills or in calorie-consumption compliance during a standardized buffet lunch. It appears that computer-based techniques are an acceptable supplement to traditional methods of education in this patient group and can improve the effectiveness of diabetes education programs without a significant increase in dietitian time. PMID- 3908025 TI - Computer-assisted insulin dosage adjustment. AB - We report our first experience with a new microprocessor device for assisting individuals with diabetes in the adjustment of insulin therapy. The computer weighs 200 g and can receive, store, and analyze patient-entered capillary blood glucose (CBG) data on an ongoing basis. Changes in the injected mixtures of short and intermediate-acting insulins are recommended according to algorithms designed to bring the premeal CBG levels to any desired target value set by the physician. Throughout the present study, the premeal target glucose level was set to 110 mg/dl. Seven (type I) insulin-dependent diabetic individuals ranging in age from 11 to 43 yr were selected to participate in the first use of a BCMC (Better Control Medical Computers, Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada) computer on an outpatient basis. All subjects were concerned about diabetes control and were fully informed about as well as thoroughly practiced in the use of manual insulin dosage adjustment schemes, based on approximately equal to 4 times daily CBG estimation, as currently taught in our diabetes clinics. During the last 7 days of the control period of self-adjustment, their mean +/- SEM CBG levels (measured before breakfast, lunch, dinner, and bedtime snack) were, respectively, 178 +/- 20, 187 +/- 35, 208 +/- 22, and 207 +/- 13 mg/dl. Immediately after the control period they were given the device and were instructed in the procedure for entering glycemic data and following manufacturer's recommendations in regard to insulin dosages. This experimental period lasted 8 wk and the outcome was assessed as before. Thus, 8 wk after starting daily use of the instrument, all glycemic values measured as before had fallen significantly (P less than 0.005 0.05) closer to normal: 116 +/- 9, 110 +/- 6, 148 +/- 15, and 135 +/- 9 mg/dl, respectively. Concurrently there was also a significant (P less than 0.01) reduction in the variability of glycemia measured before the main meals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3908026 TI - The preparation of an acceptable placebo for NPH insulin. AB - A suitable placebo for NPH insulin has not previously been available for clinical investigation. A series of organic and inorganic compounds were formulated as insulin placebos and analyzed according to the following criteria: (1) degree of visual similarity to insulin, (2) stability, (3) absence of local side effects, and (4) clinical safety. Dilute suspensions of cortisone acetate (1.25-2.5 mg/ml) were found to fulfill the criteria as acceptable insulin placebos. Placebo controlled studies with NPH insulin can now be performed. PMID- 3908027 TI - Postsplenectomy sepsis caused by group B streptococcus (S. agalactiae) in an adult patient with diabetes mellitus. AB - Overwhelming postsplenectomy infection (OPSI) due to group B streptococcus developed in an insulin-dependent diabetic patient. The illness began with nonspecific symptoms, followed rapidly by hypotension and disseminated intravascular coagulation. The early institution of appropriate antibiotics, fluid replacement and pressor agents resulted in a favorable clinical outcome. The association of group B streptococcal infection and diabetes mellitus is discussed. The defects in normal host defenses associated with asplenic state and diabetes mellitus are further emphasized. This is the first case report linking the association of OPSI, diabetes mellitus and group B streptococcal septicemia. PMID- 3908028 TI - Understanding and enhancing patient compliance with diabetic regimens. AB - Behavioral research on patient compliance with regimens to manage diabetes has suffered from lack of conceptual rigor, although a handful of recent studies and reviews are more theoretically oriented. The present review proposes a comprehensive conceptual framework in the context of learning theory to explain patient compliance and to derive approaches for enhancing compliance. The conceptual framework is the health belief model (HBM) expanded to include the concept of perceived self-efficacy. This expanded model may both serve as an agenda for future research as well as a set of guidelines for the education of patients with diabetes. A variety of educational interventions is recommended for use in patient education provided they succeed in reinforcing relevant health beliefs, behavioral skills, and the sense of self-efficacy. The problem of long term maintenance, of particular significance in chronic disease management, is addressed by the relapse prevention model derived from social learning theory and emphasizing self-efficacy and the learning of coping skills. PMID- 3908029 TI - Lack of systematic metabolic alterations after a one-hour interruption of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion in type I diabetic patients. PMID- 3908031 TI - More on syringe reuse. PMID- 3908030 TI - Effect of stress reduction on daily glucose range in previously stabilized insulin-dependent diabetic patients. PMID- 3908032 TI - Nucleotide sequence of the partition function of Escherichia coli plasmid ColE1. AB - The DNA nucleotide sequence of a 382-bp Hpa II fragment containing cer (ColE1 resolution) function responsible for ColE1 plasmid stability in dividing Escherichia coli was determined. The partition (par) region of pSC101 and the cer region have similar biological functions, as they both maintain plasmid stability through plasmid monomerization. Both regions contain 40- to 70-bp hairpin-loop structures that resemble bidirectional transcription terminators and share sequence homology with each other. Deletion mapping of the cer fragment shows that sequences extending beyond both sides of the terminator-like structure are also involved in the plasmid partition process. PMID- 3908034 TI - Diabetes nutrition resources for the beginning educator. PMID- 3908033 TI - The history of the scientific elucidation of ocular counterrolling. PMID- 3908035 TI - [Distribution of the ganglion cells in the retina of the dolphin]. PMID- 3908036 TI - [Biochemical characteristics of the venoms of arthropods of Central Asia]. PMID- 3908037 TI - Social policy and drug dependence: an historical case study. AB - A detailed examination is presented of the background to the reports and policy developments concerning drug dependence which emerged in Britain during the 1960s. Analysis of documents and interviews with policy makers, officials and doctors involved in the events of the period, reveal that explanatory models in terms of 'moral panic' or 'power struggle' tend to oversimplify the complex processes involved. The role in policy formation of the media, government departments and groups within the medical profession is considered. The patterns of conflict and convergence are seen to overlap simple lines of 'interest'--we find conflict within the medical profession, convergence between the Home Office (legal) and elements of the medical professions (medical). The resulting legal and institutional framework involved only loose guidelines from the centre about treatment, and the shape of policy was determined by individual doctors in the new hospital treatment centres. The apparent re-run of the 1960s being staged in the 1980s will require detailed research in the future in order to avoid superficial comparisons. PMID- 3908038 TI - Drug effects on nutrient absorption, transport, and metabolism. PMID- 3908039 TI - The aging process: current theories. PMID- 3908040 TI - Alcohol effects on drug-nutrient interactions. AB - The interaction of ethanol with drugs and xenobiotics is complex because ethanol can affect any of the following steps; absorption, plasma protein binding, hepatic blood flow, distribution, hepatic uptake of drugs, and phase I and II hepatic metabolism. The ingestion of ethanol can lead to malabsorption of a variety of nutrients and can modify the absorption of various drugs. High concentrations of ethanol in conjunction with aspirin causes gastric mucosal damage. The principal effect of acute ethanol ingestion on drug metabolism is inhibition of microsomal drug metabolism. The synergistic effects of ethanol on central nervous system depressants can be explained by this mechanism. In contrast, chronic ethanol consumption increases mixed function oxidation and drug metabolism. The cross tolerance between ethanol and sedatives in chronic alcoholics may be due to this effect of alcohol. In addition, enhanced production of hepatotoxic products from certain drugs and xenobiotics and an increased activation of procarcinogens to carcinogens can result from this microsomal induction. The increased susceptibility to hepatotoxins and the enhanced carcinogenesis in the alcoholic may be explained by this fact. Other effects of the interaction between drugs and ethanol are the result of changes in organ susceptibility, best demonstrated for the central nervous system. Subsequently, the presence of liver disease has a great effect on drug metabolism in alcoholics. PMID- 3908041 TI - A discussion of ethanol-nutrient interactions in the elderly. PMID- 3908042 TI - Nutrient effects on drug metabolism and action in the elderly. PMID- 3908043 TI - Nutrient and non-nutrient effects on drug metabolism. PMID- 3908044 TI - Nutrients/non-nutrients and drug metabolism. PMID- 3908045 TI - Nutrient needs and nutritional status in relation to aging. PMID- 3908046 TI - [Active alveolar expansion for prevention of postoperative atelectasis. Functional and clinical effectiveness]. AB - In a prospective study, the functional and clinical effectiveness of active alveolar expansion was tested by means of an incentive spirometer on 30 patients each of a treatment and control group. All patients (average age 61 and 58 years, respectively) had undergone a transabdominal pelvic artery reconstruction. Pre operatively active alveolar expansion significantly reduced intrapulmonary right to left shunting from 11.1% to 4.2% of cardiac output (P less than 0.01). Correspondingly, right to left shunting on the second to fifth postoperative day was reduced significantly (P less than 0.05) by 5-10% of cardiac output in the treatment group, cardiac output being significantly (P less than 0.05) reduced by 1 l/min average. Clinically and radiologically there was a definite reduction in pulmonary complications from 40% to 13%. Peri-operatively performed active alveolar expansion is thus an effective method for the reduction of postoperative functional atelectasis and pulmonary complications. PMID- 3908047 TI - [Immunoserologic differentiation of chronic cholestatic hepatitis. Significance of antimitochondrial antibodies and hepatic membrane antibodies]. AB - In 22 of 45 patients with chronic cholestatic liver inflammation and humoral immune phenomena, followed over 15 years with at least one liver biopsy, there was the histological picture of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), stages I to IV, with constantly demonstrable antimitochondrial antibodies (AMA) of M2-type. In 12 patients there were signs of PBC and chronic active hepatitis (CAH) in the liver histology, and they were M2-positive. Six of them also had M4-antibodies and were thus classified as 'mixed form'. The other six were seropositive for liver membrane antibodies (LMA) and (or) antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and thus demonstrated an overlap between PBC and autoimmune or lupoid CAH. In five patients there was autoimmune CAH of lupoid type, in four of them with LMA or ANA without M2- or M4-antibodies. The remaining six patients had pericholangitis with persisting ANA and increased serum concentrations of immunoglobulin M without M2- and M4-antibodies, as well as LMA. Clinically a nondestructive polyarthritis predominated without definite signs of collagenosis. The listed immunoserological parameters make it largely possible to differentiate classical PBC, mixed forms or overlap of PBC and CAH, autoimmune CAH and nonpurulent cholangitis of pericholangitic type. PMID- 3908048 TI - [Monoclonal antibodies against tumor-associated antigens of the gastrointestinal tract. Experimental and clinical outlook]. PMID- 3908049 TI - [Present possibilities of the diagnosis of malignant ventricular arrhythmia in coronary disease]. PMID- 3908050 TI - [Stenosis of the aortic isthmus in the aged]. PMID- 3908051 TI - [Production technic and the pathology of cattle]. PMID- 3908052 TI - [Experiences in the use of an insecticide-containing ear tag for fly control in cattle in pastures]. PMID- 3908053 TI - [Further cases of cardiomyopathy in cattle]. PMID- 3908054 TI - [Correction of current values of the metabolic profile in calves with hemoconcentration]. PMID- 3908055 TI - [Respiratory tract diseases in cattle kept in open stalls with slotted floors]. PMID- 3908056 TI - [Postmortem and intra vitam lung changes in cattle resulting from the effects of fire]. PMID- 3908057 TI - [Comparative studies on the preventive and therapeutic effect of the interferon inducers Bayferon, Imuresp P and B.S.K. in enzootic bronchopneumonia in young cattle]. PMID- 3908058 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of gentamycin in cattle and swine]. PMID- 3908059 TI - [Physiology and pathology of the abomasum in young ruminants]. PMID- 3908060 TI - [Effect of endotoxins on abomasal emptying in cattle]. PMID- 3908061 TI - [Colonic atresia in the calf]. PMID- 3908062 TI - [Fatty liver changes in cattle with abomasal displacement]. PMID- 3908063 TI - [Measurement of the protection rate of methionine preparations and derivatives based on methionine plasma levels in sheep and milk cows]. PMID- 3908064 TI - [Creatinine and urea blood level of healthy newborn calves with regard to their kidney function]. PMID- 3908065 TI - [Magnesium content of feed and the formation of urinary calculi in fattening calves]. PMID- 3908066 TI - [Kidney damage induced by poisonous plants in cattle in Brazil]. PMID- 3908067 TI - [Evaluation of data on the frequency of reproductive disorders in milk cattle herds--a procedure for improving herd fertility]. PMID- 3908068 TI - [Significance of the histologic study of the chorion for establishing the causes of cattle abortions]. PMID- 3908069 TI - [Possible correlations between preventive foot-and-mouth disease vaccination and abortion in cattle]. PMID- 3908070 TI - [Episiotomy, a possible obstetrical intervention in the elephant cow]. PMID- 3908071 TI - [Hyena disease of cattle--a review]. PMID- 3908072 TI - [Swine plaque and swine production in Europe--what should be done?]. PMID- 3908073 TI - Developmental effects associated with exposure to xylene: a review. AB - Data obtained from rodents indicates that maternal exposure to mixed xylenes or individual xylene isomers can have adverse effects on the conceptus. Fetotoxic effects were reported following maternal inhalation exposure to mixed xylenes; altered enzyme activities were also found in rat pups. Dermal application resulted in apparent changes in fetal enzyme activities, while oral treatment was followed by prenatal mortality, growth inhibition, and malformations, primarily cleft palate. Maternal inhalation of individual isomers was associated with all of the above mentioned effects, with the exception of cleft palate. The o- and p isomers appeared more hazardous to offspring than did the m-isomer. Malformations (i.e., cleft palate) associated with mixed or individual isomers were primarily reported at maternally toxic doses. Thus, a clear case for a selective teratogenic effect due to exposure to xylene has yet to be presented. PMID- 3908077 TI - [Lunatomalacia]. PMID- 3908078 TI - Some clinical and epidemiological aspects of diabetes mellitus on an endemic disease register in Zimbabwe. PMID- 3908079 TI - Cerebral malaria: an appraisal of factors contributing to its development. PMID- 3908075 TI - Suprofen. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and analgesic efficacy. AB - Suprofen (sutoprofen) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory analgesic, closely related structurally to drugs such as ibuprofen, ketoprofen and naproxen. In patients with acute pain, single oral doses of suprofen are at least as effective as: usual therapeutic doses of aspirin; codeine alone or combined with aspirin; dextropropoxyphene alone or in various combinations; oxycodone combined with aspirin; dipyrone; pentazocine; paracetamol (acetaminophen); diflunisal; ibuprofen; indomethacin; or mefenamic acid. In chronic pain due to osteoarthritis, suprofen is as effective as usual dosages of aspirin or dextropropoxyphene during long term therapy, and as effective as diclofenac, ibuprofen, indomethacin and naproxen during short term treatment. As with other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, gastrointestinal complaints are the most frequently reported side effects, although discontinuation due to gastrointestinal effects may be necessary less frequently with suprofen than with aspirin, dextropropoxyphene or combinations of the two. Suprofen appears to be a useful alternative to mild analgesics, analgesic combinations or the older more established non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the treatment of patients with acute or chronic pain. However, further definition of its efficacy and tolerability is required, especially in comparison with newer non-steroidal anti inflammatory analgesics. PMID- 3908074 TI - Norfloxacin. A review of its antibacterial activity, pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic use. AB - Norfloxacin is one of the new 4-quinolone antibacterial agents. A fluorinated piperazinyl-substituted congener of nalidixic acid, it demonstrates a much wider in vitro antibacterial spectrum and greater potency than the parent compound. Its antibacterial activity against most Gram-negative pathogens is enhanced in comparison to nalidixic acid, but is similar to that of some of the other new 4 quinolones like enoxacin, and slightly less than that of ciprofloxacin. Unlike nalidixic acid, norfloxacin is also active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and some Gram-positive organisms. In acute or uncomplicated urinary tract infections, norfloxacin has repeatedly been shown to be as effective as co-trimoxazole. Single studies have demonstrated a significantly better bacteriological cure rate with norfloxacin than with pipemidic acid, and similar cure rates with norfloxacin and both a nalidixic acid/sodium citrate mixture and amoxycillin. Similar results were found in a few studies comparing norfloxacin to pipemidic acid or amoxycillin in patients with chronic and/or complicated urinary tract infections. Norfloxacin is as effective as spectinomycin in gonorrhoea due to penicillin-resistant N. gonorrhoeae, and cures bacterial gastroenteritis caused by several gastrointestinal pathogens. Norfloxacin appears to be well tolerated and may have a low propensity to select for bacterial resistance during clinical use, although the latter needs further confirmation. PMID- 3908080 TI - A comparison of diclofenac sodium (Voltaren) and pethidine as post-operative analgesics in major elective surgical procedures. PMID- 3908081 TI - [Methodologic function of the concept of health in the evaluation of the goal of "health for all by the year 2000"]. AB - This paper makes a socio-historical analysis of the determinants of health on the basis of the different ideas that are held about it. It examines the methodological and practical part played by these different ideas in the past and in the present, and the conclusion is reached that health is a sociobiological process historically determined. With the foregoing definition as a starting point, the author reviews the validity of primary care as a "key" strategy for attaining the goal of health for all by the year 2000. PMID- 3908076 TI - Newer methods of delivery of opiates for relief of pain. AB - Successful pain management using opiates requires both an analgesic with sufficient intrinsic activity and an effective administration system. Most instances of unsatisfactory pain control, however, are due to failure to achieve and maintain adequate blood concentrations of the chosen drug. Newer techniques of administration aim to overcome this problem. Oral opiate therapy with conventional or sustained-release formulations of morphine provide good control of terminal cancer pain provided that a regular dosing pattern is established and reviewed according to the patient's needs. This represents a significant departure from the traditional 'as required' prescription of this type of drug. In the management of acute severe pain, sublingual and intravenous opiates--self administered as needed, or given by mandatory dosing schedules--have also been shown to overcome the limitations of intermittent intramuscular injections. A further novel development, stemming from basic neuroscience research, is the selective application of opiates to the spinal cord via the epidural or intrathecal route. This controversial technique has led to major improvements in treatment of some types of acute and chronic pain. PMID- 3908082 TI - [Research in nursing as an instrument of change in practice and in the training of human resources]. AB - Nursing in Latin America faces the challenge of integrating with both the international and local scientific nursing communities. This dual purpose cannot be accomplished in disregard of the factors that bear on the health sector and the socioeconomic situation. The crisis in the health sector derives from the world crisis. The present care model in the countries emphasizes hospital services; in proposing its replacement with a primary care strategy, the goal of Health for All by the Year 2000 offers nursing an opportunity to redefine and expand its function, but the fact is that it ultimately leads to loss of control of the situation. On the other hand, there begins a phase of transition from community nursing to social nursing focusing on the human being, with a body socially invested by work and occupying different positions in society. Although from this standpoint research must be a factor for the improvement of nursing practice, what is seen is a severance of the connection between them. This article describes the development of nursing research in Brazil, the historical settings, and its present status. It highlights the importance of circulating knowledge and the difficulties of incorporating it into practice and manpower training. Finally, the article considers the transforming function of nursing research as a social practice. PMID- 3908083 TI - The relation between insulin and growth hormone and blood plasma levels of triglycerides and total cholesterol in healthy mothers at delivery and in their newborn infants. PMID- 3908084 TI - Plasma lipoproteins and regulation of hepatic metabolism of fatty acids in altered thyroid states. AB - This article reviews our understanding of effects of thyroid hormone excess and deficiency on hepatic metabolism of FFA, and consequent effects on production, secretion, and metabolism of plasma lipoproteins. In the hyperthyroid state the following alterations are observed. Fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis are stimulated simultaneously with a paradoxical stimulation of fatty acid synthesis, which may be linked by virtue of a blunted response of mitochondrial carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT-I) to malonyl coenzyme A (CoA). Esterification of fatty acid to triglyceride (TG) is reduced, as is the secretion of the very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) (including VLDL TG, cholesterol, and apoprotein); this may be due, in part, to decreased concentrations of glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) in the hepatic cell. In the intact animal or patient, however, serum TG concentration is variable, which may reflect increased adipose tissue lipolysis and elevated concentrations of plasma FFA, which would tend to drive VLDL secretion by the liver. Clearance of the VLDL and its metabolic product, the low density lipoprotein (LDL), is increased, resulting in decreased plasma total and LDL cholesterol. Although high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol may also be reduced, the ratio of LDL/HDL cholesterol is further decreased. The regulatory role of the lipoprotein apoproteins is less clear, but hepatic apolipoprotein (apo) B secretion (required for VLDL) is diminished, while apo-AI secretion (required for HDL) is stimulated, perhaps both reflecting rates of synthesis. Plasma concentrations of apo-AI are variable, dependent on relative rates of secretion and clearance. In the hypothyroid, many of these effects are reversed, which results in hyperlipoproteinemias and greater risk for the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. PMID- 3908085 TI - Health risks from increases in methylmercury exposure. AB - Our present knowledge of the human health effects of methylmercury exposure is derived from study of major outbreaks of human poisonings in Japan and Iraq and experimental studies on primates. Methylmercury readily passes through such physiological barriers as the blood-brain barrier, blood-testes barrier, and the placenta. Its major pathological effects are on the nervous and reproductive systems and the developing embryo/fetus. The neurotoxicity of methylmercury is well established in both humans and non-human primates. Lesions in the cerebral and cerebellar gray matter consist of necrosis and lysis of neurons, phagocytosis and gliosis. The changes are most prominent in the deep sulci and may have a vascular component. A late effect is cerebral atrophy. At high dose levels the liver, kidneys, and other organs may also have degenerative changes. Although not yet described in humans, a major effect of exposure of female primates is an adverse effect on pregnancy. Maternal female M. fascicularis blood mercury levels above 1 ppm are associated with a decreased pregnancy rate and increased abortion rate. To date our experimental data lack sufficient numbers to detect infrequent pregnancy effects below 1 ppm. Preliminary studies also reveal that methylmercury may also decrease the number and function (swim speed) of sperm. Both human and primate studies demonstrate deleterious effects of methylmercury on the developing embryo/fetus. Autopsies on human and primate infants reveal retarded brain development and the occurrence of a cerebral palsy-like behavior in the newborns, whereas the mother may be free of signs and symptoms of methylmercury toxicity. The fetal blood level of mercury is higher than the maternal level.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3908086 TI - Water content of aluminum, dialysis dementia, and osteomalacia. AB - In the presence of normal renal function, a high concentration of aluminum in drinking water has been implicated as a factor in the etiology of a neurological syndrome in one specific geographical area. The role of aluminum as a toxic agent in other neurological disorders, where renal function is normal, is controversial. Aluminum is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and is normally excreted by the kidneys in the urine. In patients with chronic renal failure, aluminum appears to be of proven toxicological importance. In these patients the accumulation of aluminum in tissues causes an encephalopathy (dialysis encephalopathy or dialysis dementia), a specific form of metabolic bone disease (osteomalacic dialysis osteodystrophy), and an anemia and also plays an etiological role in some of the other complications associated with end-stage chronic renal disease. A failure in the normal renal excretory mechanism accounts for the tissue accumulation in chronic renal failure. The majority of chronic renal failure patients who develop aluminum toxicity are on long-term treatment with either hemo- or peritoneal dialysis; some patients develop toxicity who are only on treatment with aluminum-containing phosphate-binding agents. Aluminum in the dialysate appears to be the major source of the metal in chronic renal failure patients who develop aluminum toxicity. The aluminum content of the dialysate depends primarily on the content of the water with which it is prepared; there may be some contribution from the chemicals used in the concentrate which is added to the water. Some domestic tap-water supplies contain aluminum in high concentration, either naturally or because aluminum has been added as a flocculant in the purification process.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3908087 TI - Impact of effects of acid precipitation on toxicity of metals. AB - Acid precipitation may increase human exposure to several potentially toxic metals by increasing metal concentrations in major pathways to man, particularly food and water, and in some instances by enhancing the conversion of metal species to more toxic forms. Human exposures to methylmercury are almost entirely by way of consumption of fish and seafood. In some countries, intakes by this route may approach the levels that can give rise to adverse health effects for population groups with a high consumption of these food items. A possible increase in methylmercury concentrations in fish from lakes affected by acid precipitation may thus be of concern to selected population groups. Human exposures to lead reach levels that are near those associated with adverse health effects in certain sensitive segments of the general population in several countries. The possibility exists that increased exposures to lead may be caused by acid precipitation through a mobilization of lead from soils into crops. A route of exposure to lead that may possibly be influenced by acid precipitation is an increased deterioration of surface materials containing lead and a subsequent ingestion by small children. A similar situation with regard to uptake from food exists for cadmium (at least in some countries). Human metal exposures via drinking water may be increased by acid precipitation. Decreasing pH increases corrosiveness of water enhancing the mobilization of metal salts from soil; metallic compounds may be mobilized from minerals, which may eventually reach drinking water. Also, the dissolution of metals (Pb, Cd, Cu) from piping systems for drinking water by soft acidic waters of high corrosivity may increase metal concentrations in drinking water. Exposures have occasionally reached concentrations which are in the range where adverse health effects may be expected in otherwise healthy persons. Dissolution from piping systems can be prevented by neutralizing the water before distribution. Increased aluminum concentrations in water is a result mainly of the occurrence of Al in acidified natural waters and the use of Al chemicals in drinking water purification. If such water is used for dialysis in patients with chronic renal failure, it may give rise to cases of dialysis dementia and other disorders. A possible influence on health of persons with normal renal function (e.g., causing Alzheimer's disease) is uncertain and requires further investigation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3908088 TI - Multistage models of carcinogenesis. AB - The simple multistage model of carcinogenesis is outlined. It provides a satisfactory explanation of the power law for the age incidence of many forms of epithelial carcinoma, for the effects in human populations of changing exposures to supposed carcinogenic agents, and for many of the observed effects of applied carcinogens in animal experiments. In particular, the evidence on the effects of starting and stopping cigarette smoking suggests that both an early and a late stage may be affected. In the absence of direct evidence on the nature of the cellular changes there is some reluctance to accept a model with more than two stages, and several forms of two-stage models provide good general explanations of observed phenomena. Such a model has recently been applied to breast cancer; another approach to this disease, effectively involving transformations of the time scale, is discussed. PMID- 3908090 TI - Psychosocial approaches to smoking prevention: a review of findings. AB - Twenty-seven school-based studies of psychosocial approaches to smoking prevention are reviewed. Two major approaches are represented: the "social influences" approach and the broader "life/social skills" approaches. The research studies are considered in four "generations": the seminal work by Richard Evans and colleagues at the University of Houston; seven "pilot" studies of improved programs at Stanford, Minnesota, New York, and Washington, with one school or classroom per experimental condition; twelve improved "prototype" studies by these four groups and others, with two or three units randomly assigned to conditions; and six studies in which maximizing internal validity was of prime concern. Reported results were fairly consistent, with each tested program seeming to reduce smoking onset by about 50%. However, none of the pilot or prototype studies considered alone provided easily interpreted results. The major contributions were improved programs and methods. The findings from the fourth generation of studies were more easily interpreted, though only two of them were interpreted with high confidence. It seems that psychosocial approaches to smoking prevention, particularly the social influences approach--fourth generation tests of the broader life/social skills approaches have yet to be reported--are effective, but at this time we know very little about why, for whom, or under what conditions. Suggestions are provided for improved future research. PMID- 3908091 TI - Review of exercise induced pulmonary haemorrhage and its possible relationship with mechanical stress. AB - Exercise induced pulmonary haemorrhage (EIPH) is a condition of uncertain aetiology. This article reviews the evidence relating to its incidence, clinical findings, radiological observations, histopathology and certain aspects of respiratory physiology. It is proposed that EIPH is primarily caused by mechanical stress in the dorsocaudal region of the lung. PMID- 3908089 TI - Effects of inhaled acids on respiratory tract defense mechanisms. AB - The respiratory tract is endowed with an interlocking array of nonspecific and specific defense mechanisms which protect it from the effects of inhaled microbes and toxicants, and reduce the risk of absorption of materials into the bloodstream, with subsequent systemic translocation. Ambient acids may compromise these defenses, perhaps providing a link between exposure and development of chronic and acute pulmonary disease. This paper reviews the effects of inhaled acids upon the nonspecific clearance system of the lungs. PMID- 3908092 TI - The case for dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) in equine practice. PMID- 3908093 TI - Equine leucocyte antigen system: progress and potential. AB - Leucocyte antigens are cell-surface glycoproteins, the structure of which is under the genetic control of a chromosome region called the major histocompatibility complex. Progress in the study of the equine leucocyte antigen (ELA) system has been achieved in two ways; first by the fact that the ELA system is intensively investigated in different laboratories all over the world and parallels can be drawn to the information gained from research in more extensively studied species, and secondly by the collaborative efforts of the participants in three international workshops. The potential applications of the ELA system and areas of further investigation are discussed. PMID- 3908094 TI - An inner membrane protein N-terminal signal sequence is able to promote efficient localisation of an outer membrane protein in Escherichia coli. AB - To test the importance of N-terminal pre-sequences in translocation of different classes of membrane proteins, we exchanged the normal signal sequence of an Escherichia coli outer membrane protein, OmpF, for the pre-sequence of the inner membrane protein, DacA. The DacA-OmpF hybrid was efficiently assembled into the outer membrane in a functionally active form. Thus the pre-sequence of DacA, despite its relatively low hydrophobicity compared with that of OmpF, contains all the essential information necessary to initiate the translocation of OmpF to the outer membrane. Since processing of DacA was also shown to be dependent upon SecA we conclude that the initiation of translocation of this inner membrane polypeptide across the envelope occurs by the same mechanism as outer membrane and periplasmic proteins. The N-terminal 11 amino acids of mature OmpF, which in the hybrid are replaced by the N-terminal nine amino acids of DacA, carry no essential assembly signals since the hybrid protein is apparently assembled with equal efficiency to OmpF. PMID- 3908096 TI - Characteristic views of E. coli and B. stearothermophilus 30S ribosomal subunits in the electron microscope. AB - Large sets of electron microscopic images of the 30S ribosomal subunits of Bacillus stearothermophilus (914 molecules) and Escherichia coli (422 molecules) were analysed with image processing techniques. Using computer alignment and a new multivariate statistical classification scheme, three predominant views of the subunit were found for both species. These views, which together account for approximately 90% of the population of images, were determined to a reproducible resolution of up to 1.7 nm, thus elucidating many new structural details. The angular spread of the molecular orientations around the three main stable positions is remarkably small (less than 8 degrees). Some of the current models for the small ribosomal subunit are incompatible with our new results. PMID- 3908095 TI - Structural details of the binding of guanosine diphosphate to elongation factor Tu from E. coli as studied by X-ray crystallography. AB - Structural details of the guanosine diphosphate binding to a modified form of elongation factor Tu from Escherichia coli, resulting from X-ray crystallographic studies, are reported. The protein elements that take part in the nucleotide binding are located in four loops connecting beta-strands with alpha-helices. These loops correspond to regions in primary sequences which show a high degree of homology when compared with other prokaryotic and eukaryotic elongation factors and initiation factor 2. PMID- 3908097 TI - Metabolism of 2-oxoaldehydes in yeasts. Purification and characterization of lactaldehyde dehydrogenase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - NAD-dependent lactaldehyde dehydrogenase, catalyzing an oxidation of lactaldehyde to lactate, was purified approximately 70-fold from cell extracts of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with a 28% yield of activity. The enzyme was homogeneous on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The relative molecular mass of the enzyme was estimated to be 40 000 on Sephadex G-150 column chromatography and on sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The enzyme was most active at pH 6.5, 60 degrees C and specifically oxidized L-lactaldehyde to L-lactate in the presence of NAD. The Km values for L-lactaldehyde and NAD were 10 mM and 2.9 mM, respectively. The purest enzyme was extremely unstable and almost completely inactivated during storage at -20 degrees C, pH 7.5. For the reactivation of the enzyme, halide ions such as Cl-, I- and Br- were required. PMID- 3908099 TI - Antitermination is required for readthrough transcription of the maize rbcL gene by a bacteriophage promoter in Escherichia coli. AB - Sequences upstream of the 5' end of the rbcL gene in maize chloroplast fragment Bam 9, have a polar effect on the expression of rbcL from an external upstream bacteriophage PL promoter in Escherichia coli. This polarity can be suppressed by the bacteriophage transcription antitermination protein N or Q. The requirement for transcription antitermination is abolished if DNA upstream of rbcL is removed by a deletion. We have also investigated the ability of RNA polymerase initiating transcription at PL in the presence of N to transcribe through the normal rbcL transcription terminator and into sequences beyond. RNA polymerase initiating at PL can traverse rbcL and its 5' and 3'-flanking regions in the presence of N. PMID- 3908098 TI - The primary structure of ribosomal protein L2 from Bacillus stearothermophilus. AB - The complete amino acid sequence of ribosomal protein L2 from the moderate thermophile Bacillus stearothermophilus has been determined. This has been achieved by the sequence analysis of peptides derived by enzymatic digestion with Staphylococcus aureus protease, trypsin and chymotrypsin, as well as by chemical cleavage with o-iodosobenzoic acid. The protein contains 275 amino acid residues and has a calculated molecular mass of 30201 Da. Comparison of this sequence with sequences of the corresponding proteins from Escherichia coli and from spinach and tobacco chloroplasts reveals that 60% of the residues of protein L2 from B. stearothermophilus are identical to those of the protein from E. coli and 45% are identical to those found in the two chloroplast proteins. There are extended regions of totally conserved sequence at positions 54-58 (GGGHK), 81-86 (EYDPNR), and 224-230 (MNPVDHP) in all four proteins. PMID- 3908100 TI - Synthesis and expression of a human growth hormone (somatotropin) gene mutated to change cysteine-165 to alanine. AB - We have mutated a synthetic human growth hormone (hGH) gene specifically at the codon for Cys-165 to a codon for Ala by replacement of synthetic deoxyoligonucleotides corresponding to this site. This modification prevented the formation of a disulfide bond between Cys-53 and Cys-165 in the hGH molecule. This mutated protein, [Ala165]hGH was expressed at the same level as the intact hGH, 4 X 10(5) molecules per cell under the control of the tryptophan promoter in Escherichia coli, and retained similar immunological activity to intact hGH. The limited digestion pattern of the mutated protein with human plasmin suggests that the tertiary structure of [Ala165]hGH resembles to that of the intact hGH molecule. [Ala165]hGH revealed full biological activity as examined by the body weight increase of hypophysectomized rats. PMID- 3908101 TI - D-Cysteine desulfhydrase of Escherichia coli. Purification and characterization. AB - D-Cysteine-specific desulfhydrase is found in some intestinal bacteria. Escherichia coli W3110 delta trpED102/F' delta trpED102 was found to have the highest enzyme activity. The enzyme was purified from E. coli W3110 delta trpED102/F' delta trpED102 in six steps. After the last step the enzyme appeared to be homogeneous by the criteria of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, analytical ultracentrifugation and double diffusion in agarose. The enzyme has a molecular mass of about 67 000 Da and consists of two subunits identical in molecular mass. The enzyme exhibits absorption maxima at 278 nm and 418 nm, which are independent of pH (6.5-10.5), and contains 2 mol pyridoxal phosphate/mol enzyme. The holoenzyme is resolved to the apoenzyme by incubation with phenylhydrazine, and reconstituted on the addition of pyridoxal phosphate. D Cysteine desulfhydrase also catalyzes the beta-replacement reaction of the chlorine of 3-chloro-D-alanine with thioglycolic acid to yield S-carboxymethyl-D cysteine. Its catalytic and immunological properties are compared with those of 3 chloro-D-alanine dehydrochlorinase. PMID- 3908102 TI - Analysis of protein A encoded by a mutated gene of Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I. AB - The protein A (spa) genes from Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I and a mutant strain of Cowan I called V-1 earlier suggested to produce a monovalent IgG-binding protein A have been cloned in Escherichia coli. The DNA sequences coding for the IgG-binding part of the spa genes from both strains have been determined and compared with each other and with a partial amino acid sequence of purified protein A from strain V-1. The nucleotide sequence of the spa gene from strain V 1 reveals an NH2-terminally located IgG-binding region homologous to region E first reported for strain 8325-4, region D and the major portion of region A. The amino acid sequence analysis of the purified protein A from this strain also shows the presence of regions E and D but only a minor part of region A. Reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography fractionation of purified protein A from strain V-1 revealed that the preparation was heterogeneous, containing mainly two peptides with different abilities to bind IgG molecules. A shuttle vector containing the cloned protein A gene from V-1 was constructed and transformed into different strains of S. aureus and the produced protein A was purified and analysed using sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. PMID- 3908103 TI - Substrate-level phosphorylation in isolated yeast mitochondria. AB - The activity and the control of substrate-level phosphorylations in isolated yeast mitochondria were investigated. The oligomycin-insensitive ATP synthesis rate linked to 2-oxoglutarate oxidation is of similar order of magnitude to that observed in oxidative phosphorylation. The flux control coefficients of respiratory chain activity, translocase and phosphate carrier activities were close to zero. Kinetic control was confined to 2-oxoglutarate supply and 2 oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex activity. The study of endogenous nucleotide phosphorylation showed that ADP is the first phosphate acceptor during this process. Moreover, the comparison between the whole intramitochondrial content of nucleotides and phosphate to the fraction involved in substrate-level phosphorylation indicated a metabolic compartmentation of nucleotides and phosphate. A linear relationship was observed between the 2-oxoglutarate-linked ATP synthesis rate and the internal phosphate potential: delta G'p = delta G'o + RT 1n ([ATP]/[ADP] [Pi]). The fact that the substrate-level phosphorylation process alone was able to maintain a high internal phosphate potential has an important bioenergetic consequence, particularly for yeast grown on fermentable substrates. PMID- 3908104 TI - Timolol maleate and HDL cholesterol after myocardial infarction. AB - The influence of long-term timolol treatment on plasma lipids was analysed in cohorts of the Norwegian timolol multicentre study. The prognostic importance of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentration after myocardial infarction was also examined. One year timolol treatment was related to a significant reduction in HDL cholesterol levels, from 1.32 mmol l-1 to 1.26 mmol l-1 (P less than 0.05). After one year the HDL cholesterol levels were significantly lower in the timolol treated patients (1.26 mmol l-1) than in the placebo treated patients (1.32 mmol l-1, P less than 0.01). However, the HDL cholesterol values after myocardial infarction had no prognostic importance, and in the placebo group total mortality was the same in patients with low HDL cholesterol (less than 1.25 mmol l-1) and high HDL cholesterol (greater than or equal to 1.25 mmol l-1), respectively 15.0% and 14.8%. Timolol treatment was related to a reduction in mortality both in patients with low (24%, NS) and with high (43%, P less than 0.05) HDL cholesterol levels. Thus, any deleterious effects of timolol on serum lipids did not attenuate its protective effect on the damaged myocardium. PMID- 3908105 TI - The use of BRL26921 (APSAC) as fibrinolytic therapy in acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 3908106 TI - First clinical results with digital flashing tomosynthesis in coronary angiography. AB - Digital flashing tomosynthesis (D-FTS) investigations have been performed using a new nonlinear reconstruction algorithm. It is called extreme-value decoding and produces significantly less artefact than back projection used commonly in tomosynthesis. The reduction of artefact allows the use of tomosynthesis based on only four projections in the case of dilute objects, i.e. objects with only a small number of high absorbing voxels. This condition can be realized in angiography by cancelling soft-tissue and bones by subtraction (e.g. DSA technique). The new technique has been carried out in 10 patients with coronary artery disease after investigation with standard 35 mm cineangiography. For the recording step of the D-FTS images we have used a multiple X-ray source. For the digital nonlinear reconstruction step we have used a VAX 11/780 computer. The estimated degree of stenosis found by D-FTS tomograms shows good accordance with the cineangiographic studies. The amount of contrast medium, the X-ray dose, and the investigation time are significantly reduced, because D-FTS requires only a single pre- and post-injection multiple perspective-image for each coronary artery. PMID- 3908107 TI - Complete right bundle branch block after surgical closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defect. Relation to type of ventriculotomy. AB - The ECGs of a 100 consecutive children who had surgical repair of their ventricular septal defects (VSDs) were analyzed for postoperative right bundle branch block (RBBB). Seventy of them had an atriotomy and the other 23 also a ventriculotomy. The ventriculotomy always consisted of a transverse incision a short distance below the pulmonary annulus. Of these children 93 had a perimembranous VSD and the other 7 a pure muscular defect. The ECG results of the 93 children with perimembranous VSDs were statistically analysed. The incidence of postoperative complete RBBB (CRBBB) in the ventriculotomy group was not higher than in the atriotimy group. Infants operated in the first half year of life were more prone to the development of CRBBB than the older children, probably because the VSDs were relatively larger in the younger than the older children. The risk of postoperative CRBBB was less in the children who had direct suture closure of the VSD compared with those who needed a Dacron patch to close the defect. The data in the literature generally indicate a higher incidence of CRBBB after a ventriculotomy than an atriotomy. The absence of this difference and the lower incidence of CRBBB after a ventriculotomy in our series compared with those of several other authors are suggested to be due to the type of ventriculotomy. PMID- 3908108 TI - Tomographic renal cortical scintigraphy: correlation with intravenous urography, computed tomography, ultrasonography, angiography, and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging. AB - This study evaluates single-photon renal tomoscintigraphy (SPECT) in the evaluation of renal masses and correlates this modality, where indicated, with computed tomography (CT), ultrasonography (US), angiography (ANGIO) and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMR). Eight patients with renal cortical lesions detected on intravenous urography (IVP) were evaluated by SPECT and planar nuclear imaging using Tc-99m glucoheptonate (GH). Three of these patients were felt particularly likely to have renal tumors and were additionally evaluated with US, CT, ANGIO and NMR. The five patients with nodules on IVP that were not particularly suggestive of malignancy had functioning, benign, renal tissue accounting for their IVP lesions. Four of five were found by planar-GH nuclear imaging, five/five by SPECT-GH. In addition, SPECT-GH allowed better "confidence" in the normal renal tissue diagnosis in three/five cases. Of the three renal lesions that were highly suggestive of malignancy, two were hypernephromas and one was hypertrophied functioning cortical tissue. All three were correctly identified prospectively on SPECT-GH; however, one hypernephroma was missed on planar-GH. NMR, CT, and ANGIO detected only one of two hypernephromas prospectively (US detected both); all four modalities incorrectly diagnosed the hypertrophied tissue suggestive of malignancy. PMID- 3908109 TI - Model identification and estimation of organ-function parameters using radioactive tracers and the impulse-response function. AB - Examination of the input-output events in functioning organs by the use of the impulse-response function (IRF) for a radioactive tracer is gaining more and more ground in nuclear medicine. This study summarizes the development of deconvolution analysis, laying special stress on the 'model-free' approach. System linearity and time invariance are discussed, and means of eliminating noise in IRFs originating from the input and organ-time-activity curves are outlined. Typical IRFs are illustrated by flow diagrams, time-domain curves, and their representation by Laplace transforms. The cases of nondiffusible and diffusible tracers as well as parenchymally extracted and transported substances are discussed. Methods for the derivation of models and for the calculation of physiologically important parameters from the IRFs are suggested. PMID- 3908110 TI - Paradoxical technetium-thallium subtraction scan in a case of parathyroid adenoma. AB - A technetium-thallium (99mTcO4-201Tl) subtraction scan was performed in a patient with clinical and biological evidence of hyperparathyroidism. The 201Tl image indicated a normal thyroid gland. The 99mTcO4 image revealed a left inferior thyroidal extension with an intense and transient focus corresponding to an ultrasonographic nodule. The transient character of the focus was not explicable in terms of vascular kinetics. A supplementary scintigram using 123I confirmed the presence of an inferior extension of the thyroid, but no increased uptake was found. A nodule weighing 250 mg containing a parathyroid adenoma surrounded by normal thyroidal tissue was excised at the focus site. Biological serum levels returned to normal after the operation. It is concluded that the analysis of 99mTcO4 dynamic data could improve the accuracy of parathyroid subtraction scintigraphy. PMID- 3908112 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of a pulmonary cyst by ultrasonography. AB - We report a patient in whom a prenatal diagnosis of an intrapulmonary cyst was made by ultrasonography. To our knowledge, no such case has been reported before and prenatal diagnosis permitted prompt management of an asymptomatic neonate. PMID- 3908111 TI - A double-blind placebo controlled trial with oral ambroxol and N-acetylcysteine for mucolytic treatment in cystic fibrosis. AB - The therapeutic efficacy of oral N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and ambroxol as compared with the effect of placebos was studied in 36 cystic fibrosis (CF) patients with mild to moderate pulmonary disease. The patients were randomly assigned to one of three regimens, matched on the basis of age and Chrispin-Norman scores. The trial was conducted over a period of 12 weeks. Patients were assessed clinically and by extensive pulmonary function techniques (body-plethysmography, maximal expiratory flow-volume curves, trapped air determination). Although no clinical differences could be observed between the three groups, significant impairment in the placebo group was found for trapped air and FEV1 when compared to the active groups, suggesting a therapeutic effect of ambroxol and NAC in CF. PMID- 3908114 TI - Suprapubic ultrasonography in the follow-up of superficial bladder tumors. AB - 40 patients with superficial (grade 1-3, stage 0) transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder were followed using urinary cytology, cystoscopy and suprapubic ultrasonography. Sonography detected tumors as small as 2.5 mm, but missed lesions that developed in the dome as well as flat anomalies associated with positive urinary cytology. Although, not a definitive alternative to cystoscopy, suprapubic ultrasonography of the bladder can, in selected cases, be used to widen the interval between endoscopic controls. PMID- 3908113 TI - Management and treatment of eighteen rectourethral fistulas. AB - There is only rare and scanty literature explaining the different surgical techniques and results for rectourethral fistulas. Here we present a review of 18 patients with rectourethral fistula. In half of the cases Bevan-Mason repair was undertaken with success. PMID- 3908115 TI - Antitumor effects of immobilized protein A and staphylococcal products: linkage between toxicity and efficacy, and identification of potential tumoricidal reagents. PMID- 3908116 TI - Aminoglutethimide in advanced breast cancer: clinical results of a French multicenter randomized trial comparing 500 mg and 1 g/day. AB - We have conducted a multicenter randomized clinical trial comparing in advanced post-menopausal breast cancer patients 500 mg vs 1 g AG/day. The hydrocortisone dose was 40 mg/day in both groups. One hundred and seventy patients have been randomized; 161 were evaluable for tolerability, 149 for effectiveness. Response rates were similar in both groups, 19 and 24% respectively for the 500 mg and 1 g groups. No difference was observed according to tumor site. Duration of response was the same in both groups (14 months), as was mean time to response (about 3 months). Survival (studies in 125 patients) was similar in both groups (responders and non-responders). No response could be obtained with 1 g after relapse or failure with 500 mg (n = 17). Tolerability was good in 91% of the 500 mg group patients and 78% of the 1 g group patients (P less than 0.03). It was poor in 4 and 15% respectively (P less than 0.03). Side-effects were the same in both groups but less frequent and less severe in the 500 mg group; however, these patients more frequently had 'moon face'. PMID- 3908117 TI - Daunorubicin reductase activity in human normal lymphocytes, myeloblasts and leukemic cell lines. AB - To exploit the full potential of daunorubicin chemotherapy, it is necessary to understand its metabolism. We have shown previously that daunorubicin reduction in human liver is mediated by both aldehyde and ketone reductases. This study shows that this is also the case in normal blood cells. However, myeloblasts from AML patients show different pH profiles from those observed for normal lymphocytes. Human myeloid cell lines (KG1, ML1 and K562) accurately reflect the reductase heterogeneity seen in AML patients. This is in contrast to L1210 and P388 murine cell lines, which do not readily metabolize daunorubicin. When studying daunorubicin metabolism, it is important to use only cell lines that metabolize the drug because daunorubicin is extensively metabolized to daunorubicinol in AML patients. The use of human rather than rodent cell lines may provide useful information to increase our understanding of the in vivo situation. PMID- 3908118 TI - Monoclonal antibody targeting of anti-cancer agents: Muhlbock memorial lecture. PMID- 3908119 TI - Clinical significance of natural killer cell cytotoxicity: need for proper data analysis in the design of clinical studies. PMID- 3908120 TI - Effects of sample attrition and data analysis in the Retirement History Study. AB - Bias can be created through the attrition of respondents in panel studies of older people. After a review of previous studies, a change in the method of examining attrition is suggested. Tests comparing those eligible to respond and those actually continuing in the panel are reported for five waves of data from the Retirement History Study. Results indicate that this data set is relatively free of bias caused by respondent attrition. Although caution is urged, attrition is suggested to be less of a factor in this data set and in panel studies in general than earlier studies involving samples of older individuals might indicate. PMID- 3908122 TI - The relationship between clearance of theophylline and age within the adult age range. AB - Twenty volunteers aged between 20 and 57 years were given 197 mg of theophylline (as lysine theophylline) by iv infusion over 5 minutes to test the hypothesis that within the adult age range theophylline clearance declines with age. Samples were assayed for theophylline using the EMIT assay and clearance was determined by standard methods. Clearance values were 0.73 ml/min/kg below age 38 years and 0.75 ml/min/kg at and above age 38 years. Multiple regression analysis using age as a continuous variable showed no relationship between age and clearance. PMID- 3908121 TI - Antihypertensive and metabolic effects of nifedipine and labetalol alone and in combination in primary hypertension. AB - In a randomised, double-blind, cross over trial, 25 patients with mild to moderate primary hypertension were given nifedipine 20-40 mg twice daily and labetalol 200-400 mg twice daily after a 4 week period on placebo, followed by the two drugs in combination. The BP during placebo therapy was 164/108 mmHg supine and 159/110 mmHg standing. After monotherapy with nifedipine for 6 weeks the supine BP was reduced by 18/13 mmHg and the standing BP by 20/12 mmHg; with labetalol the corresponding figures were 26/15 mmHg and 28/21 mmHg, respectively. The combined therapy induced a larger fall in BP, by 36/22 mmHg supine and by 39/24 mmHg standing; in 21 of 23 patients the BP became normal. The heart rate (HR) decreased during labetalol treatment alone and on the combined therapy. With nifedipine alone, the HR was unchanged in the supine position and increased on standing. Nifedipine increased plasma renin activity (PRA) and urinary aldosterone excretion (uA), whereas labetalol reduced both. During combination therapy, PRA and uA remained unchanged. There was a slight fall in HDL cholesterol during treatment with labetalol alone and in combination with nifedipine. The fasting blood glucose increased slightly during treatment with each of the drugs, but neither caused a change in the concentrations of glycosylated haemoglobin A1, serum insulin, C-peptide, or plasma glucagon. Adverse effects as a rule were well tolerated and were related to the pharmacological effects of the drugs. Only 2 patients left the trial, both during labetalol treatment. PMID- 3908123 TI - High performance liquid chromatographic determination of moxalactam in human plasma and cerebrospinal fluid. AB - A sensitive and reproducible method for the measurement of moxalactam in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid is described. Plasma proteins were removed by precipitation with ice-cold methanol at pH 5.6 and centrifugation. The supernatant was analysed by HPLC on a mu-Bondapack/phenyl column, with a mobile phase of acetonitrile/water/PIC Reagent A (20/80/1), and detection at 280 nm. The calibration curve was linear for plasma concentrations from 10 micrograms/ml to 60 micrograms/ml. Reproducibility was 4.7% (coefficient of variation) for within day analysis and 13.8% for day-to-day analysis. Plasma concentrations in 9 moxalactam-treated patients with severe infections ranged from 0.9 micrograms/ml to 409 micrograms/ml. Individual pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using a personal computer. In selected cases moxalactam concentrations were also determined in cerebrospinal fluid and tracheal aspirates. PMID- 3908124 TI - Pharmacokinetic study of a paediatric formulation of amoxycillin and clavulanic acid in children. AB - A combination of amoxycillin and clavulanic acid 4:1 was administered to 35 children (aged 2 to 10 years) with infections. The combination was administered orally as a suspension, every 8 h for 5 to 7 days. Sixteen children (aged 2 to 5 years), received 125 mg amoxycillin and 31.25 mg clavulanic acid, and 19 (6 to 10 years) received 250 mg amoxycillin and 62.5 mg clavulanic acid per dose. Following the first dose serum concentrations of amoxycillin and clavulanic acid were determined by microbiological assay. In the younger group receiving the lower dosage (mean: amoxycillin 9.11 mg/kg and clavulanic acid 2.34 mg/kg), the mean peak concentration of amoxycillin was 3.5 mg/l and of clavulanic acid 1.2 mg/l, occurring 1.32 h and 1.39 h, respectively, after administration. In the older group receiving the higher dosage (mean: amoxycillin 12.35 mg/kg and clavulanic acid 3.14 mg/kg) the mean peak serum level of amoxycillin was 4.0 mg/l and of clavulanic acid 1.3 mg/l, occurring 1.43 h and 1.23 h, respectively, after administration. The higher dose per kilogram body weight resulted in a higher peak serum concentration both of amoxycillin and clavulanic acid. The formulation was well tolerated by all the children and no serious side-effects were recorded. Treatment was considered clinically effective in all cases. PMID- 3908125 TI - Single and divided daily dose piretanide in the treatment of uncomplicated essential hypertension: a double-blind comparison with a combination of hydrochlorothiazide and amiloride. AB - In a randomised double blind study in patients with mild to moderate hypertension, piretanide 6 mg once and twice daily significantly reduced both supine and erect blood pressure. This was seen after only 2 weeks and a further progressive reduction was evident over the ensuing 12-week trial period. The higher dose produced a mean maximal fall of 29% in supine diastolic pressure, compared with 23% after the lower dose; the difference is not significant. Hydrochlorothiazide 50 mg/amiloride 5 mg twice daily (HCT/A) also reduced supine blood pressure significantly after 2 weeks, but the reduction in erect diastolic blood pressure did not achieve statistical significance until 8 weeks. The maximal effect (a 13% fall in supine diastolic blood pressure) was significantly less than that of either piretanide regimen. Blood pressures in this group also returned more rapidly to pretreatment levels during the placebo washout phase at the end of the study. HCT/A produced a significant sustained rise in serum potassium and a reduction in serum sodium and chloride. Piretanide had minimal effects on serum electrolytes. PMID- 3908126 TI - Multicentre comparison of the antihypertensive effect of acebutolol and hydrochlorothiazide in uncomplicated mild-moderate hypertension in the elderly. AB - To evaluate the efficacy of acebutolol, 400-600 mg/day in elderly hypertensive patients, and to compare it with hydrochlorothiazide 25-50 mg/day, 45 patients with mild-moderate uncomplicated hypertension were treated for 6 weeks in a multicentre, single-blind, randomized, crossover trial. Acebutolol decreased supine systolic blood pressure from 186.5 to 162.7 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure from 107.4 to 92.4 mmHg. Hydrochlorothiazide decreased systolic blood pressure from 185.0 to 166.4 and diastolic blood pressure from 107.2 to 96.4. There was no difference between the effects of acebutolol and hydrochlorothiazide on blood pressure during the trial. Both drugs proved to be safe and effective antihypertensive agents, provided the major contraindications for their use were taken into account. Beta-blockade by acebutolol was highly effective in treating mild-moderate arterial hypertension in the elderly. PMID- 3908127 TI - Follow-up study of enzymuria and beta 2 microglobulinuria during cis-platinum treatment. AB - Twenty patients with epithelian ovarian cancer treated with DDP (cis-diammine dichloroplatinum II) 50 mg/m2 were followed for 24 weeks in order to assess the nephrotoxicity of the drug. Ten patients received the total dose in one day with heavy osmotic hydration (Group A), and for the other 10 the dose was subdivided over 3 consecutive days (Group B). The renal tubular toxicity of DDP treatment was evaluated over a total of 120 courses. After the first DDP administration, there was a prompt, reversable and dose-dependent increase in the urinary excretion of beta 2 microglobulin with no difference between the two groups: Group A from 405 to 990 and Group B from 109 to 585 ng/mg creatinine. An increase always occurred during subsequent courses, but it was significantly lower in Group B after the sixth course, from 125 to 331 ng/mg creatinine. A similar pattern was found for the urinary excretion of N-acetyl-glucosaminidase (NAG), a lysosomal enzyme of tubular origin. The percentage fraction of urinary sodium excretion (FeNa%) increased after each dose of DDP; Group A from 0.82 to 2.30 and Group B from 0.68 to 2.53. This effect was reversible and it occurred to the same extent during the subsequent courses. There was no impairment of the glomerular filtration rate. Thus, enzymuria and beta 2 microglobulin excretion are a sensitive tool to reveal minor tubular damage. Their use to predict serious renal dysfunction in longitudinal studies, however, seems questionable. PMID- 3908128 TI - Cardiovascular, baroreflex and humoral responses in hypertensive patients during nicardipine therapy. AB - Cardiovascular, baroreflex and humoral responses were evaluated in 8 patients with essential hypertension during a control period and then after oral treatment for 5 days with nicardipine hydrochloride 60 mg/d, a calcium channel antagonist. Systolic, diastolic and mean arterial cuff pressures fell after the treatment from 145.7, 98.6 and 114 mmHg control to 136.5, 86.1 and 102.9 mmHg. Heart rate increased from 71 to 78.7 beats/min indicating activation of the baroreflex control mechanism. Neurally mediated changes in the cardiovascular responses to an increase in carotid baroceptor activity and to dynamic exercise were not affected by the drug, nor was the renin-aldosterone system. Thus, a clinically dose of nicardipine significantly reduced mean arterial pressure, whilst preserving circulatory homeostasis. PMID- 3908129 TI - The short-term effect of captopril on salt and water intake in the rat is not taste-specific. AB - We have investigated the extent to which captopril's short-term (1 h) effects on salt and water intake in the rat are caused by effects on taste. In single-bottle tests a low dose of captopril (0.5 mg/kg s.c.), which blocks the synthesis of angiotensin II in the blood but not the brain, increased equally the intakes of water, 0.05, 0.15, 0.30 and 0.45 M NaCl, 0.3 M KCl, 10 mM HCl, 0.14 mM quinine hydrochloride and 0.1 mM saccharin solutions without changing the animals' preference for or aversion to each with respect to water. In two-choice tests this dose increased water but not 0.15 or 0.45 M NaCl intake. A large dose of captopril (100 mg/kg s.c.), to block the synthesis of angiotensin II also in the brain, did not enhance water or NaCl intake. Neither dose affected NaCl or water intake by rats drinking in response to 2 M NaCl, 5 ml/kg i.p. We conclude that during the first hour following injection captopril has no major effect on taste perception or preference in the rat and does not stimulate sodium appetite in the sodium-replete rat. Our results support the hypothesis that low doses of captopril increase fluid intake by enhancing the synthesis of angiotensin II in the brain. PMID- 3908130 TI - Inspiratory muscle training. PMID- 3908131 TI - Effects of iodopropylidene glycerol on tracheobronchial clearance in stable, chronic bronchitic patients. AB - We carried out a randomised, double-blind, two-period crossover study in 15 stable, chronic bronchitics to ascertain the effect on tracheobronchial clearance (TBC) of 1 week's treatment with iodopropylidene glycerol (IPG-Organidin), two tablets four times daily compared to matched placebo. TBC was measured by radioaerosol technique. The drug did not significantly alter TBC in the group as a whole but did significantly enhance TBC in 6 patients who expectorated during both placebo and IPG 6-h observation periods. In 4 patients who did not expectorate in either period no change in TBC occurred. In 10 patients who expectorated in either one or both observation periods, a significant positive correlation was found between an index of the patients' sputum produced and improvement in TBC following IPG treatment. IPG can be an effective expectorant in patients with mucus hypersecretion and particularly so in patients with copious sputum production. PMID- 3908133 TI - Plasmodium falciparum: expression of the adenine phosphoribosyltransferase gene in mouse L cells. AB - Genomic libraries of Plasmodium falciparum were constructed in the pBR322 plasmid. Using the DNA-mediated gene transfer technique, the genomic libraries were introduced into tissue-cultured mouse cells lacking the enzyme adenine phosphoribosyltransferase. Following selection for the adenine phosphoribosyltransferse phenotype, several colonies were isolated. All clones were shown to possess adenine phosphoribosyltransferase activity and pBR322 sequences. In addition, the Km value of adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (for adenine) from a transformant was found to be identical to that from P. falciparum. These results indicate that the adenine phosphoribosyltransferase gene of P. falciparum was successfully cloned and expressed in a mammalian system. PMID- 3908132 TI - Nifedipine in chronic bronchial asthma: a randomized double-blind crossover trial against placebo. AB - Calcium-channel blockers such as verapamil and nifedipine have been shown to inhibit exercise-induced asthma as well as acutely induced bronchoconstriction, but little is known of their chronic effects, if any, on bronchial asthma. Nifedipine, 60 mg/day for 3 weeks, was compared to placebo in a double-blind randomized crossover study, as an addition to the usual treatment of 11 patients with severe chronic bronchial asthma. Nifedipine decreased the weekly duration of the attacks (102 +/- 34 vs 193 +/- 49 min, p less than 0.05), the number of betamimetic puffs inhaled per week (13 +/- 3 vs 18 +/- 4, p less than 0.05), and the duration of intercritical dyspnoea (7.9 +/- 3.9 vs 15.9 +/- 2.3 h, p less than 0.05) without significantly changing the number of asthma attacks (4.8 +/- 1.2 vs 4.7 +/- 1.7, NS). Nifedipine did not significantly change basal respiratory function, nor did it change heart rate or blood pressure. Side effects were noted in 5 patients taking nifedipine, leading to a decrease in the dosage to 30 mg per day in 3, and in one patient taking placebo. In this study nifedipine had essentially subjective effects, but these warrant a longer-term study of nifedipine or other calcium antagonists in the treatment of bronchial asthma. PMID- 3908134 TI - Schistosoma mansoni: complexity of antigenic and nonantigenic surface polypeptides. AB - Two-dimensional gel analysis of the surface polypeptides of the schistosomula stage of Schistosoma mansoni resolved a complex pattern of approximately 20 polypeptides. The majority of these were identified as immunogenic since they were immunoprecipitated with antisera from chronically infected mice and from mice vaccinated with irradiated cercariae. However, several major surface polypeptides were not immunoprecipitated by sera from infected or immune mice and were presumed to be nonantigenic. PMID- 3908135 TI - Ornithodoros moubata: spermateleosis and secretory activity of the sperm. AB - Cytological aspects of spermateleosis in the tick Ornithodoros moubata were studied by electron microscopy. During spermateleosis, detachment of the operculum from the outer sheath of the prospermium results from the fusion of the plasma and the cisternal membranes. The fusion occurs between the shoulder of the acrosomal vesicle and the electron-dense layer of the operculum. A factor inducing vitellogenesis and egg-laying is secreted by the sperm cell after spermateleosis, and begins after the cell is almost completely devaginated. In vitro, fully devaginated spermiophores secrete most of this factor during the first 12 hr of incubation. The vitellogenesis-inducing activity of the secretion is sensitive to proteinase K (EC 3.4.21.14) digestion and correlates with the presence of two high-molecular-weight proteins in the sperm cell incubation medium. PMID- 3908136 TI - Plasmodium berghei: oxidant defense system. AB - Glutathione oxidant defense system protects the erythrocyte from oxidative damage. This defense system was studied in mouse erythrocytes infected with Plasmodium berghei and in isolated parasites. The efficiency of this system was found to be increased in parasitized erythrocytes compared to the normal erythrocytes. The increase in the components of the oxidant defense system in the parasitized cells could result from parasitic addition to these components. This defense system present in the parasite may protect the parasite from oxidative damage and help the parasite in its growth and development. PMID- 3908137 TI - Biological aspects of in vitro fertilization. PMID- 3908138 TI - Fetal rat brain hemisphere tissue in nonadherent stationary organ culture. AB - A simple organ culture system for brain tissue is described. Fragments of fetal rat brain hemisphere tissue are explanted to multiwell dishes base-coated with semisolid agar. In this system nonadherent organ culture can be performed for at least 50 days. Cell migration, biochemical and morphological differentiation and the formation of a layered architecture seem to mimic some of the phenomena occurring in the developing rat brain in vivo. The fragments may therefore be a useful organ culture model for nervous tissue. PMID- 3908139 TI - [Characteristics of the pharmacokinetics of drugs in renal failure]. PMID- 3908140 TI - [Analysis of the relation between pharmacokinetic processes and pharmacological effects in humans]. PMID- 3908141 TI - [Pharmacology of ethacizin]. AB - Study of the relationship between the chemical structure and pharmacological action in the series of dialkylaminoacyl derivatives of phenothiazines made it possible to discover etacyzine (a diethylamine analog of etmozine). Comparison of the pharmacological action of etacyzine with that of etmozine demonstrated that the replacement of the morpholine radical of the side chain of the phenothiazine ring by the diethylamine one leads to the potentiation and increase of the duration of the antiarrhythmic effect, emergence of anti-fibrillary activity, antiischemic properties and to the ability to restrict the size of experimental myocardial infarction. PMID- 3908142 TI - [Synthesis and in vitro antimicrobial activity of N-substituted derivatives of phenylpiperidine and phenylpiperazine]. AB - Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some N-substituted aza- and diaza phenylcycloalkanes are reported. All the compounds screened in vitro show significant antibacterial and antimycotic activities. Particularly, compounds of the N-(ethoxymethyl)phenylpiperidine series, show activity towards S. aureus 1,2 1,9 superior to ampicillin. Furthermore the microbiological results indicate that the latter activity depends on the position of the phenyl-substituent. PMID- 3908144 TI - The expanding scope of the American Fertility Society. PMID- 3908143 TI - [Novel N-pyrazolylsalicylamides with antifungal activity]. AB - A number of new N-pyrazolylsalicylamides were prepared by fusion of phenyl salicylate and aminopyrazoles. The condensation reaction is influenced by the substitution at the C-4 position of the aminopyrazole. All the substances obtained were tested for antifungal activity against Cryptococcus neoformans and Candida albicans. It was found that their fungitoxicity is dependent on the structural feature. PMID- 3908145 TI - Blood transfusions generate/increase previously absent/weak blocking antibody in women with habitual abortion. AB - Women who suffered recurrent spontaneous abortions of unknown cause were studied for cellular reactivity and blocking antibody in a one-way mixed lymphocyte culture. A defined group of 20 women whose serum displayed no blocking capacity was given three transfusions of leukocyte-rich erythrocyte concentrates. Serum from all women displayed significant blocking capacity 2 months after the third transfusion. Because blocking antibody seems to be one of the necessary prerequisites for successful pregnancy, leukocyte transfusions from third-party donors ought to be an effective cure for habitual abortion in selected cases. PMID- 3908146 TI - Luteinized unruptured follicle syndrome. PMID- 3908147 TI - [Comparative characteristics of the quantity of immunoreactive insulin in erythrocyte hemolysates and extracts]. PMID- 3908148 TI - [25th anniversary of dental training in Szeged]. PMID- 3908149 TI - [Changed views on the rehabilitation of cancer of the oral cavity after composite surgery]. PMID- 3908150 TI - [Role of the lingual pocket in the insertion of complete lower removable dentures]. PMID- 3908151 TI - The lower denture problem: two possible solutions. PMID- 3908152 TI - Muscle induction. Light and electron microscopy studies. PMID- 3908153 TI - [Met-enkephalin-Arg-Gly-Leu-like immunoreactivity-containing nerve elements in the guinea-pig intestine. An immunohistochemical study using whole mount preparations]. AB - The localization and distribution of Met-enkephalin-Arg-Gly-Leu (Met-Enk-Arg-Gly Leu)-like immunoreactivity in whole mount preparations of different layers of guinea-pig gut (duodenum, jejunum, ileum and proximal colon) were studied by Sternberger's indirect immunocytochemistry. Anti-Met-Enk-Arg-Gly-Leu serum used as the primary antiserum was raised in a rabbit against synthetic Met-Enk-Arg-Gly Leu coupled to ascaris protein by the glutaraldehyde method. The results obtained were summarized as follows: In the intestinal wall of the guinea-pig, Met-Enk-Arg Gly-Leu-like immunoreactivity was localized only in nerve elements of the enteric nervous system. In the myenteric plexus, many perikarya showed Met-Enk-Arg-Gly Leu-like immunoreactivity. Immuno-positive nerve fibers showing varicose appearance were demonstrated not only in the myenteric plexus but also in the longitudinal muscle layer, in the circular muscle layer, in the deep muscular plexus, in the submucous plexus and in the muscularis mucosae. No immuno-positive perikarya were found in the submucous plexus. Met-Enk-Arg-Gly-Leu-like immunoreactivity was not shown in the perivascular plexus and in the mucosa. Compared to those of the duodenum, jejunum or ileum, immuno-positive perikarya in the myenteric plexus of the proximal colon were apparently few in number. The density of a network in the deep muscular plexus formed by immunoreactive fibers was looser in the proximal colon than that in the duodenum, jejunum or ileum. Since Met-Enk-Arg-Gly-Leu-like immunoreactivity-containing nerve elements were densely distributed in the muscular layers of the intestinal wall, it is possible for this nervous system to regulate the contractility of the smooth muscles of the gut. PMID- 3908154 TI - [Inhibition of insulin secretion by intracerebroventricular infusion of pancreatic polypeptide in conscious dogs]. AB - Previously, we demonstrated that peripheral infusion of pancreatic polypeptide (PP) inhibits insulin response to several stimuli through vagal innervation. Since PP is found not only in pancreas but also in brain or cerebrospinal fluid, we studied the effect of intracerebroventricular infusion of PP on insulin secretion before and after vagotomy in dogs. Mongrel dogs were settled with a chronic cannula allowing intraventricular infusions into the third (n = 4) or lateral (n = 4) cerebral ventricle. All the experiments were performed one week after the operation in a fully conscious, relaxed state. Porcine PP (pPP, 50 ng or 5 micrograms/dog in 100 microliter saline), which has the same primary structure with that of canine PP, or saline alone was infused into the cerebral ventricles for 5 minutes at the rate of 20 microliter/minutes. As stimuli of insulin secretion, modified sham feeding (MSF; sight and smell of food for 5 minutes), glucose injection (IV-Glucose; 0.5 g/kg/30 seconds, intravenously) and CCK-octapeptide infusion (IV-CCK-8; 0.07 micrograms/kg/5 minutes, intravenously) were applied immediately after (and in some experiments various intervals after) the end of pPP or saline infusion into the ventricles. Immunoreactive PP or insulin was measured by a specific radioimmunoassay. Administration of PP caused significant inhibition of insulin secretion by MSF, IV-Glucose and IV-CCK-8 without affecting basal insulin secretion. The observed effect of the peptide was most potent when infused into the third cerebral ventricle at a dose of 50 ng/dog and not in a dose-related fashion. The integrated insulin responses to MSF, IV Glucose and IV-CCK-8 were 28, 58 and 30%, respectively, as those of controls. This effect was likely to be of central origin because an overflow of PP to the periphery could not be observed by PP radioimmunoassay. Prior transthoracic bilateral truncal vagotomy abolished the suppressive effect of PP on glucose- and CCK-8-induced insulin secretion. Furthermore, the time course study of CCK-8 suggested that PP could interact with the regions surrounding the third cerebral ventricle. These results suggest that PP affects the central nervous system to control pancreatic insulin secretion via the vagus nerve like other peptides/neuroregulators which modify physiological processes (e.g. insulin release, acid secretion, motility). PMID- 3908155 TI - Clinical trial of the anti-plaque activity of a mucolytic agent, N-Acetyl Cysteine. PMID- 3908156 TI - Effect of a rubber cup polish after scaling. PMID- 3908157 TI - Development of dental ceramics. An historical perspective. AB - This article covers the inception and development of porcelain and its adoption into dentistry as a restorative material substituting for natural tooth. The turbulent years of development of dental porcelain with the innumerable waxing and waning fortunes of its acceptance and success are outlined. The major milestones in the historical and scientific development and refinements of dental porcelain materials are covered from its earliest beginnings to modern day materials. PMID- 3908158 TI - Extrinsic coloration of ceramometal restorations. AB - The use of surface colorants can be used both as corrective and preventive techniques when properly utilized. Knowledge of the potential and limitations of surface staining provides a valuable tool for the dentist and ceramist. PMID- 3908160 TI - Periodontal aspects of porcelain restorations. AB - At present, no man-made restorative can match the biologic acceptance of a hygienic natural tooth surface. Ideally, no restorative material would approach the gingival apparatus. However, as case demands often dictate violating this ideal, careful adherence to the principles discussed will minimize the damage to the periodontium. Ultimately, the response of the periodontal tissue will give the final approval or disapproval of any restorative procedure. The principles discussed must be considered at all phases of any restorative procedure. They must always be of primary concern. PMID- 3908161 TI - Shrink-free ceramic. AB - An all-ceramic crown employing the Cerestore system utilizes a unique shrink-free alumina ceramic as its substrate. This core renders the restoration exceptional fit and strength. A ceramic layering technique employed with the aluminous porcelain veneers offers the capability of constructing a full crown restoration incorporating the optical properties present in a natural tooth. PMID- 3908159 TI - Esthetic mouth preparation for ceramic restoration. AB - At the beginning of this article, we asked the question "Is there a problem?" The answer to this question is yes, but at different levels for individual dentists and individual treatment situations. Adequate esthetic mouth preparation for ceramic restorations requires far more than tooth preparation. This article has outlined the major areas of concern. Readers must recognize areas of individual need and explore them in greater detail in the dental literature. It is hoped that this article has stimulated readers to learn more about esthetic moth preparation for ceramic restorations. PMID- 3908162 TI - Magnesia ceramic jacket crowns. AB - A high-extension core material based upon magnesia has been developed. This material may be used in the construction of all ceramic jacket crowns with the same body and enamel porcelains used for porcelain fused to metal crowns. Jacket crowns may be constructed using a modified platinum foil technique with greater accuracy and higher strength. The main advantage is a stronger jacket crown with exceptional esthetics without the need for special equipment or long processes. PMID- 3908163 TI - Cast glass ceramics. AB - The application of cast glass ceramics to restorative dentistry represents a major advancement in applied dental science. In addition to restoring an individual's teeth with a material that is both esthetically pleasing and anatomically correct, the physical properties are designed to guarantee optimal performance characteristics. These qualities are examined from the point of view of the dentist, dental technician, and the patient. PMID- 3908164 TI - Esthetics and communication with a custom shade guide. AB - Several excellent systems (porcelain to metal, high-strength core jacket, and laminated veneers) exist for the fabrication of realistic porcelain restorations. The usefulness of any of these systems is enhanced by being able to transfer shade information from the patient to the ceramist. Communication is thus facilitated and a leading cause of remakes decreased. Esthetics can be improved, as the dentist and technician can use both the wide color range of existing commercial porcelains to better advantage. Colors and effects that are seen can be duplicated not only at the surface with surface stains, but also within the restoration, as desired. Shade tabs that are more realistic and common to both the laboratory and the dental office make possible the broadening of the scope of the teeth that can be matched. Patients are demanding better esthetics in all forms of tooth color materials. This is one challenge of restorative prosthodontics. PMID- 3908165 TI - Enhancing esthetics in porcelain fused to metal through technique modifications. AB - Three techniques have been discussed and illustrated, with diagrams and examples of clinical cases, that will aid the practitioner to achieve better esthetics when using porcelain fused to metal restorations. The labial butt joint preparation is particularly suitable for upper anterior teeth when the smile line exposes the gingival margin of the restoration and maximal esthetics are demanded. Clinically, the preparation has to be executed in such a way that technically the ceramist does not have to compromise the restoration. Wrong buccal shoulder preparations and too large a space between porcelain and shoulder are the most frequently observed errors. A porcelain sandwich technique in which a thin incisal porcelain layer is condensed between body and translucent porcelain enhances the translucency of the restoration and improves the natural appearance. This technique is particularly suitable for anterior teeth, yet posterior teeth benefit from this method as well, and particularly upper bicuspids are excellent candidates. The third technique uses a blend gold that is applied to the opaque and covered again with another layer of opaque. This method effectively blocks the graying effect often experienced at the gingival margin caused by the underlying metal. A deep chamfer offers the ideal preparation and accommodates the technical requirements best. In conclusion, it can be stated that dentists and dental technicians have available various techniques that make it easier to meet the theoretical and practical requirements of esthetics in dentistry. PMID- 3908167 TI - Noble metal alloys for metal-ceramic restorations. AB - A review of the comparative characteristics and properties of noble metal alloys used for metal-ceramic restorations has been presented. Selection of an alloy for one's practice should be based on long-term clinical data, physical properties, esthetic potential, and laboratory data on metal-ceramic bond strength and thermal compatibility with commercial dental porcelains. Although gold-based alloys, such as the Au-Pt-Pd, Au-Pd-Ag, and Au-Pd classes, may appear to be costly compared with the palladium-based alloys, they have clearly established their clinical integrity and acceptability over an extended period of time. Other than the relatively low sag resistance of the high gold-low silver content alloys and the potential thermal incompatibility with some commercial porcelain products, few clinical failures have been observed. The palladium-based alloys are less costly than the gold-based alloys. Palladium-silver alloys require extra precautions to minimize porcelain discoloration. Palladium-copper and palladium cobalt alloys may also cause porcelain discoloration, as copper and cobalt are used as colorants in glasses. The palladium-cobalt alloys are least susceptible to high-temperature creep compared with all classes of noble metals. Nevertheless, insufficient clinical data exist to advocate the general use of the palladium-copper and palladium-cobalt alloys at the present time. One should base the selection and use of these alloys in part on their ability to meet the requirements of the ADA Acceptance Program. A list of acceptable or provisionally acceptable alloys is available from the American Dental Association and is published annually in the Journal of the American Dental Association. Dentists have the legal and ethical responsibility for selection of alloys used for cast restorations. This responsibility should not be delegated to the dental laboratory technician. It is advisable to discuss the criteria for selection of an alloy with the technician and the thermal manufacturer or supplier. Once an alloy is selected, the specific alloy name should be written on all laboratory prescriptions as well as in patients' charts. Maintenance of accurate dental records is necessary from a legal point of view, and it also allows the clinician to determine the longevity of specific metal-porcelain systems. PMID- 3908166 TI - Ceramometal crowns and bridges. Focus on failures. AB - There are numerous factors that can have an adverse or beneficial effect upon the esthetic appearance of a ceramometal restoration. Some of these factors are beyond the influence of the dentist unless he or she is aware of them. As knowledgable practicing dentists, they have the ability to prescribe for their patients in such a manner as to achieve greater success and, in turn, greater patient acceptance and recognition. These are the rewards of a successful crown and bridge practice, and the ceramometal restoration is the basic state of the art prosthesis in present use. Knowing how to take a shade under the proper lighting conditions is generally well taught as part of the dental school curriculum, but the knowledge that shade guides are manufactured with built in idiosyncrasies of color variations from guide to guide is an enlightening experience. O'Brien of the Department of Dental Materials at the University of Michigan School of Dentistry clearly demonstrated the variabilities of color intensities between porcelain manufacturers. Laboratory technicians have been frustrated by the inconsistency of shades of porcelains from one lot number to another. It is now more fully understood that fluorescence is an important factor in patient satisfaction, as patients observe and have their restorations seen under differing lighting conditions. The type of alloy used in the ceramometal combination can have an effect upon the esthetic result. The wider use of silver palladium alloys requires that the porcelain employed be of a nongreening nature, or else the final glazed prosthesis will give off a greenish cast. The ability of the opaque to block out the metal substructure while blending with the gingival and incisal shades eliminates the graying out, which can be esthetically objectionable to the patient. However, one of the most important considerations in aesthetic ceramometal restorations is the correct anatomy, placement, and harmonious blending with the oral and facial features and coloring of the patient. It would be comforting if we could all agree on a definition of esthetics. There is perhaps no more important aspect of marketing the ceramometal restoration to the patient than arrive, in advance, on a common ground and understanding of what the esthetic goals of the case are in realistic terms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3908169 TI - Peripheral T-cell subsets in patients with alopecia areata in different clinical phases. AB - An analysis of T-cell subpopulations was carried out in the peripheral blood of 21 subjects with alopecia areata (AA) of the scalp in various phases of its evolution and in 18 healthy control subjects by means of different monoclonal antibodies of OKT series (T3, T4, T8, T11). Patients with AA in active phase showed a significant reduction of OKT 8+ cells (p less than 0.002) and a significant increase of OKT 4+ cells (p less than 0.002) versus controls. On the contrary, patients with regrowing hair showed a significant increase of circulating OKT 8+ cells compared with controls (p less than 0.002). No abnormality in the distribution of T-cell subsets in patients with AA in stable phase has been observed. PMID- 3908168 TI - Reinforced porcelain system. Concepts and techniques. AB - The RPS approach to ceramometal restorations provides guidelines for the design of metal interstructure for crowns and pontics and for the desired qualities of the ceramometal interface. The metal design increases porcelain fracture resistance to impact and pressure and creates a ceramometal mutual reinforcement of the whole restoration. A secure bond and porcelain protection at the interface can be achieved through intermediate zone materials. PMID- 3908170 TI - Disseminated cicatricial pemphigoid. AB - A patient is presented with generalized blistering and scarring eruptions, showing immunopathological, histological and electron microscopical characteristics of disseminated cicatricial pemphigoid, successfully treated by combined therapy of systemic steroids and azathioprine. PMID- 3908171 TI - Etretinate therapy in generalized pustular psoriasis (Zumbusch type). Immediate and long-term results. AB - Etretinate therapy in 18 cases of generalized pustular psoriasis of the Zumbusch type proved to be effective and the therapy of choice. Only in 4 patients was maintenance therapy needed; in most cases relapses occurred after various intervals and patients responded invariably to reintroduction of the drug. Side effects were slight. In 3 patients triglyceride levels became elevated, but only in 1 case the drug had to be withdrawn. In most of the patients generalized pustular eruption was accompanied, in some relapses or in some areas, by plaques of common psoriasis. PMID- 3908172 TI - T-zone histiocytes in granulomatous skin diseases. AB - We investigated the distribution of T-zone histiocytes by immunohistochemical demonstration of S-100 protein in granulomatous skin diseases (granuloma annulare, 8 cases; necrobiosis lipoidica, rheumatoid nodule, sarcoidosis, lupus vulgaris, and foreign-body granuloma; 5 cases each). T-zone histiocytes were regularly found in the lymphohistiocytic mantle, but also occasionally between epitheloid cells. Our results show that, besides the monocyte-macrophage system, T-zone histiocytes consistently contribute to the formation of cutaneous granulomas. These findings may indicate a role of delayed-type hypersensitivity. PMID- 3908173 TI - Increased number of OKT6-positive dendritic cells in the hair follicles of patients with alopecia areata. AB - In 6 patients with untreated alopecia areata in the progressive stage, 6 in the stationary stage, and 6 normal individuals as controls, an in situ analysis of OKT6-positive dendritic cells in hair follicles, and peribulbar and intrabulbar infiltrates was performed using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase method with monoclonal antibodies. In controls, OKT6-positive dendritic cells were distributed only in the upper portions of hair follicles and were not observed in the bulbar area, and the percentage of these cells among all epithelial cells of the hair follicles was 1.0 +/- 0.1% (mean +/- SE). In stationary-stage patients, the distribution and the percentage of positive cells were the same as those for the controls (1.1 +/- 0.1%). In the progressive stage, however, positive cells were distributed in both the upper portions of the hair follicles and the bulbar area, and the percentage of positive cells (4.9 +/- 0.3%) was significantly higher than that of controls. Staining for T, B lymphocytes and T cell subsets in the peribulbar infiltrates revealed a predominance of OKT4-positive cells (the OKT4/OKT8 ratio was from 3:1 to 4:1). This indicates that the number of OKT6 positive dendritic cells increases in the hair follicles of progressive alopecia areata and that these cells may play an important role in cooperation with T cells in the pathogenesis of alopecia areata. PMID- 3908175 TI - Metastatic breast carcinoma on the lip: case report. AB - A case of breast carcinoma metastatic to the lip is reported. The lesion presented clinically as a kerato-acanthoma and histologically as a sweat gland tumour. Immunoperoxidase studies revealed its breast origin. PMID- 3908174 TI - Pagetoid reticulosis (Woringer-Kolopp disease): histiocyte marker (lysozyme) study and ultrastructural observations. AB - A case of pagetoid reticulosis is presented. Histopathology showed infiltration of the epidermis by mononuclear cells. Twenty percent of the mononuclear cells showed the presence of lysozyme indicating a histiocytic origin. Electron microscopy confirmed the presence of lymphocytes and histiocytes but these cells were outnumbered by Sezary cells. The presence of large numbers of Sezary cells indicates that pagetoid reticulosis is a cutaneous T-cell lymphoma closely related to mycosis fungoides. PMID- 3908176 TI - Spironolactone treatment in scleroderma--a double-blind therapy study. PMID- 3908177 TI - [Peripheral sensitivity to insulin in aged subjects]. AB - Insulin sensitivity has been studied in ten young patients (22 years old means) and in eleven elderly patients (72 years old means). They were free of family diabetes history, glucose intolerance, hypertriglyceridemia, hepatic or renal failure or factor of insulin resistance such as infectious diseases. A two hours hyperinsulinic euglycemic clamp was done with an artificial pancreas (Biostator GCIIS Miles). The ten young patients and the eleven old patients had a stable hyperinsulinic level (93.3 +/- 5 uu/ml and 90 +/- 8 uu/ml) they respectively required 8.08 +/- 0.73 and 5.5 +/- 2.5 mg/kg/min of glucose. Metabolic clearance of insulin does not seem altered with aging. For a same hyperinsulinic level the glucose requirement is less in old patients. So there is an apparent insulin resistance in aging. PMID- 3908179 TI - On the decrease of glucose tolerance in pregnancy. A review. AB - Glucose tolerance is impaired in normal pregnancy and in approximately 1% of all pregnant women gestational diabetes develop. The present paper reviews the pathogenesis of these changes based on the modifications of glucagon and insulin secretion and action. Fasting plasma glucagon levels are increased in pregnancy in normal and gestational diabetic women. After glucose ingestion or infusion the suppression of glucagon levels is enhanced in pregnancy whereas the response to protein is unaffected. The results indicate that the changes in glucagon secretion in pregnancy are secondary to altered plasma glucose levels. In all women the fasting plasma insulin levels and the glucose--or protein--induced insulin response is increased in pregnancy. The responses are similar in normal women and normal weight gestational diabetics whereas greater responses are seen in overweight gestational diabetics. Morphological and physiological animal studies demonstrate B-cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia and increased insulin secretory responsiveness in pregnancy, which is corroborated by human studies showing an almost 4-fold increase in insulin response when the same glycemic stimulus is applied in pregnancy and postpartum. The increased insulin responsiveness seems to be caused by pregnancy-related changes in the secretion of progesterone, estradiol, human placental lactogen (hPL) and prolactin. However, the increased insulin levels are unable to maintain normal glucose tolerance and pregnancy, thus, is a state of insulin resistance. Receptor studies yield diverging results, but indicate a postreceptor defect in insulin action in pregnancy. This may be caused by the increased cortisol levels in pregnancy, as significant positive correlations between increases in cortisol levels and the decreases in glucose tolerance have been established in normal pregnant women.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3908178 TI - Interaction between epinephrine, prostaglandin E, and met-enkephalin in the regulation of insulin release in man. AB - Prostaglandin E (PGE), epinephrine and metenkephalin are three endogenous substances normally present in the endocrine pancreas which have been reported to inhibit glucose-induced insulin secretion in normal humans. To evaluate possible synergistic interactions between these inhibitory agents upon the regulation of insulin release in man, we examined the effects of PGE, epinephrine and the long acting met-enkephalin analogue FK 33-824, given alone or in combination, upon glucose-induced insulin secretion in normal man. The infusion of the three agents at doses known to affect insulin secretion (10 micrograms/min, 15 ng/kg/min, 0.5 mg im, respectively) produced the expected inhibitory effects upon insulin responses to an intravenous glucose challenge. The infusion of the three agents at doses which did not produce per se any significant change of insulin responses to glucose (5 micrograms/min, 5 ng/kg/min, 0.2 mg i.m., respectively), caused a significant inhibition of this response when given in combination. In particular, the acute insulin response to glucose decreased from a control value of 50 +/- 9 microU/ml to a value of 21 +/- 6 microU/ml (p less than 0.02). The inhibitory effect of epinephrine (15 ng/kg/min) upon glucose-induced insulin secretion was partially reversed by sodium salicylate, an inhibitor of endogenous prostaglandin synthesis, which increased but not normalized, either the acute insulin response and the glucose disappearance rates. Similarly, the negative effect of FK 33-824 upon glucose-induced insulin secretion was reversed by sodium salicylate. Similar findings were also obtained with indomethacin, another structurally unrelated inhibitor of endogenous prostaglandin synthesis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3908180 TI - Cervical pregnancy ending in a live vaginal birth. AB - A case of cervical pregnancy followed by cataclysmic haemorrhage estimated at 8500 ml and necessitating total abdominal hysterectomy and replacement of 18 units of blood is reported. This pregnancy remained undiagnosed until 28 wk and is to our knowledge the first case described in the English literature in which the pregnancy ended in a live vaginal birth. Both mother and baby are now well. PMID- 3908181 TI - Pelvic kidney presenting as tumor praevia: report of a case diagnosed by ultrasound. AB - A case is described in whom pelvic kidney presented as tumor praevia in early labor. Ultrasound examination revealed that the mass was a ptotic, functioning pelvic kidney, indicating that abdominal delivery should be resorted to in order to avoid its damage. PMID- 3908182 TI - Suppression of B cell development and antibody responses in mice with polyclonal rabbit and monoclonal rat anti-IgM antibodies. I. Characterization of the suppressed state. AB - Mice treated from birth with polyclonal, crude or affinity purified rabbit or monoclonal rat anti-mouse IgM antibodies [b-7-6 and C-2-23: Eur. J. Immunol. 14: 753-757, 1984] were found to be heavily suppressed with respect to B-cell activities. Crude or affinity purified rabbit or monoclonal rat anti-mouse IgM gave comparable results as follows: serum IgM was below detectable levels; serum IgG was reduced to about 1-3% of normal levels; free anti-IgM was always detectable; IgM and/or kappa-light-chain positive cells as well as IgM-secreting cells were absent in various lymphoid organs; the B-cell mitogen lipopolysaccharide was unable to induce proliferative responses; primary antibody responses could not be induced against sheep red blood cells and phosphorylcholine; lymphoid organs were reduced in size and B-cell areas were not populated with lymphocytes; besides a 40% reduction in absolute lymphocyte numbers in the blood, we found increased platelet counts and a 10% eosinophilia in anti-IgM-treated mice. PMID- 3908183 TI - Defective actin organization in cultured skin fibroblasts from individuals with inherited colon adenocarcinoma is not restored by addition of fibronectin. AB - Cultured skin fibroblasts from patients with hereditary adenomatosis of the colon and rectum (ACR) have a disorganized cytoskeleton. Since fibronectin has been found to restore normal cytoskeletal and cellular morphology to transformed cells, we investigated the fibronectin pattern in ACR cells. We found that although both fibronectin synthesis and binding to the cell surface were apparently normal, addition of fibronectin did not restore a normal distribution of actin cables to ACR cells. The data suggest that coupling of cell surface bound fibronectin to the cytoskeleton might be constitutively defective in ACR cells. PMID- 3908184 TI - Immuno-affinity purification of heparinase. AB - Polyclonal IgG rabbit antibodies were prepared against a purified heparinase from Flavobacterium heparinum. Immuno-affinity purification of crude and partially purified heparinase is described. The resulting enzyme was of comparable purity to that prepared using the standard multistep purification scheme. The antibodies prepared were found to increase the activity of bound heparinase. PMID- 3908185 TI - Proteolytic self-digestion of bovine erythrocyte membranes. AB - "Self-digestion" of bovine erythrocyte membrane proteins was studied in isolated membrane preparations during prolonged incubation at 37 C. Protease activities associated with the membrane result in progressive degradation of all main erythrocyte membrane proteins, in particular spectrin and Band 3, and formation of lower molecular weight products which have been tentatively assigned to parent molecules. Membrane protein "self-digestion" occurs in a broad pH range (2-11), is inhibited by increased ionic strength and by inhibitors of metalloproteases, cysteine and serine proteases, and activated by low concentrations of SDS. "Self digestion" also takes place in NaOH-stripped erythrocyte membranes. The activity of a protease involved in the "self-digestion", of apparent molecular weight of about 35,000, was renatured after SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of erythrocyte membrane proteins. PMID- 3908186 TI - A double-blind placebo-controlled study of Hexopal in the treatment of intermittent claudication. PMID- 3908187 TI - Endothelial plasma membrane is a glucocorticoid-regulated barrier for the uptake of glucose into the cell. AB - The effect of glucose concentrations and hormones on glucose consumption, lactate, pyruvate, sorbitol and fructose formation of porcine aortic endothelial cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells has been investigated. Endothelial cells have a high glycolytic activity which is saturated far below physiologic blood glucose levels (KM apparent less than 1 mmol/l). Glucocorticoids reduce glucose catabolism as a function of their concentration. Insulin, adrenaline, triiodothyronine and glucagon do not influence glucose consumption. Studies with the non-metabolizable analogue 3-O-methyl-D-glucose revealed that glucocorticoids slow down glucose transport into the endothelial cell. The passage of glucose through the cell membrane is the rate-limiting step of glucose utilization. Consequently, the intracellular glucose level is independent of the ambient glucose concentration and endothelial cells do not accumulate sorbitol under hyperglycaemic conditions since the affinity of aldose reductase for glucose is low. PMID- 3908188 TI - Induction of myogenic differentiation in serum-free medium does not require DNA synthesis. AB - Cells of the myogenic rat cell line L6 can be obtained as a confluent, quiescent population of undifferentiated myoblasts after growth in F12 medium supplemented with fetal calf serum. Myogenic differentiation can be induced in these cells by changing to Dulbecco's modified Eagle's (DME) medium containing insulin as the only protein component. Labeling of the cells with [3H]thymidine demonstrates that this induction of fusion occurs in the absence of DNA synthesis in about 85% of the cells. This result was confirmed using cytosine arabinoside: fusion of quiescent L6 cells was induced in the presence of this inhibitor of DNA synthesis. The myotubes formed in DME + insulin medium, with or without cytosine arabinoside, synthesize or accumulate proteins characteristic of differentiated muscle cells including myosin heavy and light chains, alpha-actin, alpha- and beta-tropomyosins, and the acetylcholine receptor. These experiments represent a direct demonstration that DNA synthesis is not required for the induction of myogenic differentiation in undifferentiated quiescent cells. PMID- 3908189 TI - Expression of basement membrane components through morphological changes in the hair growth cycle. AB - The amount and distribution of fibronectin associated with hair follicles was found to vary during the hair growth cycle in the rat. Immunocytochemical staining of follicles in mid-late anagen (the growth stage) revealed the presence of fibronectin in the dermal papilla matrix, in the basement membrane separating this from the epithelial cells of the hair bulb, and in the basement membrane and connective tissue sheath which underly the cells of the outer root sheath. Early in catagen, the transitional stage, staining of the dermal papilla matrix disappeared. Fibronectin persisted in the basement membrane and connective tissue sheath, which undergo corrugation and apparent thickening in catagen. After follicle shortening, the telogen (resting) stage is reached, at which point fibronectin staining was found to be minimal, being restricted to the basement membrane around the secondary germ. The onset of anagen, involving cell division and follicle elongation, was associated with a great increase in the amount of fibronectin in this zone and in and around the dermal papilla. Analysis of entry into anagen by [3H]thymidine incorporation and autoradiography revealed that growth could be detected before the increase in fibronectin expression. However, growing cells, even in a suprabasal position, always had some fibronectin at their surface. Immunoelectron microscopy of early anagen follicles confirmed the light microscopic findings and also showed that fibronectin was present in small vesicles close to the surface of dermal papilla and some epithelial cells. Increased deposition of laminin and type IV collagen in early anagen follicles was also noted, emphasizing the importance of basement membrane components during morphogenetic events in vivo. PMID- 3908190 TI - Analysis of corneal development with monoclonal antibodies. I. Differentiation in isolated corneas. AB - Monoclonal antibodies highly selective for developmentally regulated antigens present in the cornea (Zak and Linsenmayer, Dev. Biol. 99, 373-381, 1983) have been used to immunohistochemically evaluate differentiation in intact chick corneas cultured on the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of host embryos. One antibody is directed against the epithelial cell layer and the other is against the corneal stromal matrix. It has been established that both antigens recognized by the antibodies are expressed de novo in young explanted corneas and that the stromal matrix antigen is a product of the corneal fibroblasts. Thus expression of the antigens can be used as criteria for overt differentiation of the respective cell types. The antibodies have been employed to assess when the corneal epithelial and stromal cells become capable of autonomous differentiation within isolated corneas. To accomplish this, corneas of various ages were explanted with and without adjacent pericorneal tissues. The results indicate that, under the culture conditions employed, corneal stromal differentiation is dependent on the presence of the lens until stage 28 (51/2-6 days of development), which is the time when invasion of the stroma by pericorneal mesenchymal cells is initiated. After stage 28, the stromal matrix antigen was expressed by isolated corneas irrespective of the presence of the lens. Possibly the lens acts by maintaining the integrity of the corneal endothelial monolayer and thus promoting normal migration of pericorneal mesenchymal cells into the primary corneal stroma, where they undergo differentiation. Conversely, differentiation of the corneal epithelium was independent of any pericorneal structure from the earliest stage examined (41/2-5 days of development). It was even independent of overt stromal differentiation, thus suggesting an early and strong determination for this tissue. PMID- 3908191 TI - Analysis of corneal development with monoclonal antibodies. II. Tissue autonomy in cornea-skin recombinants. AB - Developmental autonomy of corneal epithelial and stromal components was assessed by their subsequent differentiation after recombination with feather-forming thigh dermis and epidermis, respectively. Work by others has shown that feather forming dermis exhibits strong inductive ability when used in such epithelial mesenchymal recombinations. After culture of the recombinants on the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of host embryos, differentiation as "cornea" was assessed immunohistochemically using the anti-corneal stromal matrix and anti corneal epithelial antibodies described previously (Zak and Linsenmayer, Dev. Biol. 99, 373-381, 1983). Feather initiation and outgrowth and keratin synthesis served as markers for differentiation as skin. It has been found that corneal epithelia from 5-day embryos, when grown in association with feather-forming dermis from the thigh, will participate in feather formation. In such recombinants, when the corneal epithelium became incorporated into feathers it failed to express the corneal epithelial antigen, but in regions of the recombinant where feathers did not form, de novo expression of the antigen was sometimes detected. The limited liability of the epithelium is not present in corneal epithelia taken from embryos a day or two older. When such epithelia were used for making the recombinants, no feathers were formed and the corneal epithelial antigen was extensively produced. Thus epithelial determination occurs long before the epithelium would begin to overtly differentiate and express the epithelial antigen in vivo (about 12 days of development). In reciprocal recombinations of corneal stromas with feather-forming epidermis, the stromas proceeded to express the corneal stromal matrix specific antigen de novo after culture on the CAM. They did not, however, redirect differentiation of the epidermis which never expressed the corneal epithelial antigen and in some cases went on to keratinize. These results indicate that development of both the corneal epithelial and stromal components becomes autonomous at least several days before these tissues overtly differentiate. This suggests that the component tissues of the cornea may not interact in a manner typical of those of other organs which, in general, are thought to require continual interaction of their epithelial and mesenchymal components for normal development. PMID- 3908192 TI - Developmental expression of a synaptic vesicle-specific protein in the rat retina. AB - In order to examine the appearance of synaptic vesicles and to correlate it with the formation of the synaptic layers, we have determined the staining pattern of a murine monoclonal antibody (SV 48) to a synaptic vesicle-associated protein in developing rat retina. The antigen was detected by the indirect immunofluorescence technique using cryostat sections of paraformaldehyde-fixed retinas. In the adult retina, the antibody stained both the outer plexiform (OPL) and the inner plexiform layers (IPL). The nuclear layers and the nerve fiber layer (NFL) were devoid of any staining. In prenatal and early postnatal (P) retinas, the antibody stained two bands which corresponded to the respective locations of the NFL and IPL. Staining in the NFL increased until P-4 and began to decline subsequently, and by P-8 little staining was left in this layer. In contrast, in the IPL, the intensity of staining increased gradually and leveled off by P-10. In the outer retina, a band of fluorescence corresponding to the OPL was first observed at P-5 and increased in intensity up to P-10. Immunoblotting studies showed that the major immunoreactive material from adult and embryonic retinas had a Mr approximately 65,000-67,000. As expected from its developmental pattern, all bands appeared initially in the central retina and subsequently in the peripheral retina. Our results show that the synaptic vesicle-protein is present in the nerve fiber layer before synaptogenesis in the central nervous system. Subsequently, the protein is lost from the NFL, possibly as a consequence of synapse formation. PMID- 3908193 TI - Heart C-protein is transiently expressed during skeletal muscle development in the embryo, but persists in cultured myogenic cells. AB - The expression of cardiac and white skeletal C-protein isoforms was analyzed in developing chicken embryos and in primary skeletal muscle cell cultures by immunoblot and immunofluorescence staining using polyclonal antibodies specific for both of the two different proteins. In the embryo, cardiac C-protein was detected in the developing heart from very early stages through adulthood. In skeletal muscle, cardiac C-protein is shown to be transiently expressed between Days 3 and 15 during development. In contrast, the expression of white skeletal C protein is gradual and progressive starting approximately from Day 15 on in development. In primary cell cultures of skeletal muscle, however, cardiac C protein remained expressed throughout prolonged culture time, this in conjunction with white skeletal C-protein. Thus the down regulation of cardiac C-protein and the transition from cardiac C-protein to adult skeletal (white) C-protein which was observed during skeletal muscle development in vivo, does not seem to go to completion in the in vitro system. PMID- 3908194 TI - Selected muscle and nerve extracts contain an activity which stimulates myoblast proliferation and which is distinct from transferrin. AB - Extracts from normal chicken anterior latissimus dorsi and dystrophic pectoralis major muscles and from normal chicken sciatic nerves induce a growth stimulation in chicken and rat myogenic cell cultures. Transferrin is only partially responsible for the observed stimulation since the addition of the extracts to transferrin-saturated cultures induces a further growth response and extracts from which transferrin has been removed by immunoabsorption still retain a substantial portion of their stimulation activity. The active fractions of muscle and nerve extracts display heat, acid, and organic solvent inactivation. Gel filtration of ammonium sulfate fractionated activity from the anterior latissimus dorsi muscle suggests the presence of a growth factor in the molecular weight range of 10,000 to 30,000. PMID- 3908195 TI - Developmental regulation of laminin accumulation in the extracellular matrix of a mouse muscle cell line. AB - We have investigated the synthesis, accumulation, and secretion of laminin, an extracellular matrix glycoprotein, during differentiation of the C2 mouse skeletal muscle cell line in culture. Myoblasts actively synthesized laminin, as measured by incorporation of [35S]methionine and by a dot-immunobinding assay. In myoblast cultures laminin accumulated in an intracellular compartment and could be extracted with a physiological salt solution containing the detergent Triton X 100. After the culture medium was replaced to promote differentiation of myoblasts to myotubes, laminin synthesis was increased, and laminin began to accumulate in the medium in soluble form. During differentiation, laminin also accumulated in an insoluble cell-associated fraction that required guanidinium chloride for extraction. Indirect immunofluorescence and immunobinding assays showed that myotubes but not myoblasts contained laminin on their external surface. The time course of increase in surface laminin paralleled that of the accumulation of insoluble laminin. These results suggest that the insoluble fraction represents laminin bound to the extracellular matrix at the cell surface. Our experiments demonstrate, contrary to previous observations, that myotube cultures synthesize and accumulate laminin, and further, that the differentiation of proliferating myoblasts to multinucleated myotubes is accompanied by increased laminin synthesis, by secretion of laminin into the medium, and by the deposition of laminin into an extracellular matrix on the myotube surface. PMID- 3908196 TI - Shear bond strength of a composite resin to an etched glass ionomer. PMID- 3908197 TI - Bond strength of polycarboxylic acid cements to treated dentine. PMID- 3908199 TI - Hospitals in 2005: a "rearview mirror" prediction. PMID- 3908198 TI - Towards energy self-sufficiency--opportunities for energy conservation. PMID- 3908200 TI - Mount Sinai develops framework for nursing QA program. PMID- 3908201 TI - A dual effector theory of growth-hormone action. AB - Growth hormone increases tissue formation by acting both directly and indirectly on target cells. The direct action promotes the differentiation of precursor cells; this has been demonstrated for two mesenchymal cell types. Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) is not able to substitute for growth hormone in promoting this differentiation, but it is proposed that its mitogenic action selectively promotes cell multiplication in young differentiated clones. As tissue growth results from both the creation of new differentiated cells and their subsequent clonal expansion, both effectors increase tissue growth, but by different means. PMID- 3908202 TI - Induction of glycophorin gene expression in cultured murine erythroleukemia cells. AB - In order to identify the mRNA for mouse glycophorin, mRNA was isolated from immature erythroid cells obtained from the spleens of anemic mice, translated in vitro in mRNA-dependent rabbit reticulocyte lysate, and then immunoprecipitated with a specific antiserum. Glycophorin mRNA was shown to be present only in erythroid cells. In immunofluorescent and in vitro translation studies, it was shown that glycophorin mRNA is absent in uninduced murine erythroleukemia (MEL) cells, but is induced in dimethylsulfoxide-treated differentiating cells. PMID- 3908203 TI - [Reduction of the threshold of myocardial excitability after an extremely long asystolic pause: late phase of "supernormal excitability?]. AB - A patient with a malfunctioning pacemaker due to lead insulation defect is reported. High voltage stimuli were always effective, while when the pulse amplitude was reduced to 3.8 volt stimuli were uneffective except when occurring after extremely long asystolic pauses. An advanced exit block (up to 7:1) thus occurred. Late lowering of the myocardial threshold of excitability could be explained by slow spontaneous diastolic depolarization occurring in myocardial fibers surrounding the tip of the electrode. PMID- 3908204 TI - [G.B. Morgagni: De sedibus et causis morborum per anatomen indagatis]. PMID- 3908205 TI - [Peroperative ultrasound scanning of the pancreas]. AB - Intraoperative realtime high resolution ultrasound scanning of the pancreas seems to be a new and promising procedure. We have performed it in 28 patients: the normal ultrasound picture of pancreatic ducts and parenchyma was defined in 9 patients without pancreatic disease; in 19 patients with pancreatic disease, intraoperative ultrasound was compared with preoperative ultrasound examination. Seven of 8 patients with pancreatic carcinoma and 4 of 6 with calcifying chronic pancreatitis had positive findings, respectively. In 3 cancer patients, intraoperative ultrasound investigation avoided a long and unavailing dissection of the tumor by revealing extensive spread. In selected cases, intraoperative sonography allowed to characterize and to localize pancreatic carcinoma: portal vein invasion, relationship of the tumor to the duct of Wirsung and small hepatic metastases. In chronic pancreatitis, intraoperative ultrasound information concerning the dimensions of the pancreatic duct, the structure and the localization of pseudocysts was comparable to that obtained by radiological opacification. Furthermore, intraoperative ultrasound exploration guided proper incision and evacuation of pancreatic pseudocysts in two patients. Operative ultrasound seems to us to be mandatory during pancreatic surgery. Further experience with this technique is needed in a larger number of patients. However, we believe that it could replace intraoperative cholangiography and pancreaticography in the assessment of extension and complications of pancreatic disease. PMID- 3908206 TI - [Extrinsic nervous control of gastric motility]. PMID- 3908207 TI - [Diagnostic and therapeutic strategy in carcinoma of the extrahepatic bile ducts]. AB - The preoperative diagnostic approach in 25 patients with bile duct carcinoma was studied. Investigation procedures included gray-scale ultrasonography with guided fine needle biopsy of focal lesions, percutaneous transhepatic or retrograde cholangiography, transhepatic biliary drainage with brush and forceps biopsy of biliary stenosis as well as selective angiography for feasibility of surgical resection. Diagnosis was ensured in 23 patients by cytologic or histologic tissue specimens. Twenty-one lesions were judged unresectable on the basis of bile duct or vascular tumor extension and patient status. These patients were treated either by iridium 192 wire radiation therapy (6 cases) or by nonsurgical biliary drainage. Four patients with a potentially resectable tumor underwent surgery. This preoperative diagnostic approach can be recommended for selecting appropriate therapy in patients with bile duct carcinoma. PMID- 3908208 TI - [Antitissue antibodies in hepatology]. PMID- 3908209 TI - [Treatment of duodenal ulcer with a single nocturnal dose of cimetidine. Multicenter study conducted in 12 French hospital centers]. PMID- 3908210 TI - Diurnal profile of plasma motilin concentrations during fasting and feeding in man. AB - Oscillations in basal plasma levels of the pancreatic hormones; insulin, glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide have been reported previously. We now report on oscillations in circulating motilin-like immunoreactivity (MLI) in fasted and fed man. Six healthy subjects were studied during two 36-hour test periods, one while fasting and another with the regular ingestion of equicaloric meals at 0800, 1200 and 1800 hours. Blood was sampled every 30 min. from 0800 to 2400 and every 60 min. from 2400 to 0800 the next morning. In the fasting state the mean +/- S.E. concentrations in plasma for the 6 subjects were: MLI, 180 +/- 19.4 pg/ml, insulin 4.4 +/- 1.1 microU/ml, pancreatic polypeptide (hpp), 119 +/- 25.0 pg/ml, and glucose 82 +/- 6.4 mg/dl. Large oscillations in plasma MLI were detected with 1/2 amplitude of 23.2 +/- 4.7% of mean, and a period of 159 min. which varied according to each subject. Plasma hpp levels fluctuated similarly, and a good correlation was found between MLI and hPP indicating a rhythmic secretion of these peptides by the gut and pancreas. MLI fluctuations were independent of insulin which revealed a significant oscillation with a period of 320 min. The ingestion of meals caused the expected increase in circulating levels of insulin, hPP, and glucose. In contrast a decrease in the concentration of MLI was observed. An inverse correlation was found between MLI and glucose and between MLI and insulin. Thus, fasting is associated with large oscillations of motilin, the gut motility hormone, which are suppressed by feeding. The increase in glucose and/or insulin may be important in suppressing motilin secretion during feeding. PMID- 3908211 TI - Tissue adhesive in the prevention of esophageal tube migration: preliminary report on a new method. PMID- 3908212 TI - The Washington symposium on endoscopic laser therapy, April 18 and 19, 1985. PMID- 3908213 TI - Comparison of sucralfate and cimetidine in the treatment of duodenal ulcer: a double-blind endoscopically controlled trial. PMID- 3908214 TI - [Results of the first Austrian multicenter ovarian cancer study: prospective randomized comparison of sequential chemotherapy (adriamycin/cisplatin- vincristine/cyclophosphamide--methotrexate) with 2 standard protocols (adriamycin/cyclophosphamide or adriamycin/cisplatin) in stage III and IV patients]. AB - From June 1980 to December 1982 164 patients with ovarian cancer stage III and IV were randomized into the three-legged Austrian Ovarian Cancer Study. A new polychemotherapy, known as the "changing-scheme" (adriamycin/cisplatinum- vincristine/cyclophosphamide--high dose methotrexate), developed in Vienna, was compared with adriamycin/cyclophosphamide and adriamycin/cisplatinum. The risk factors were stratified by means of special computer-assisted randomization. The first study evaluation in 1982 showed a significant advantage for the changing scheme with regard to recurrence-free interval and survival (Mantel test: p less than 0.01, Breslow test: p less than 0.03). No difference was found between the combinations of adriamycin/cyclophosphamide and adriamycin/cisplatinum. At the second study evaluation in June 1984 the differences previously observed were no longe present to the same significant extent. The changing-scheme continued to be superior for the subgroups of patients with highly differentiated tumors, without ascites, with larger postoperative tumor burden and with liver metastases. The use of this therapy is be recommended for women with advanced ovarian cancer, especially in consideration of the much lower toxicity caused by the less frequent cisplatinum administrations as compared to the adriamycin/cisplatinum combination. PMID- 3908215 TI - [Sonographic diagnosis of holoprosencephaly in the 2d trimester]. AB - Data on the sonographic diagnosis of holoprosencephaly in the second trimester are presented. Polyhydramnions was detected during outside ultrasound screening, and the lacking midline echo in association with hypotelorism and central face clefting allowed early diagnosis. The autopsy of the fetus confirmed the prenatal diagnosis, the parents subsequently had genetic counseling. The recurrence risk of holoprosencephaly depends on the specific etiology. Special ultrasound examination should be offered in subsequent pregnancies. PMID- 3908216 TI - Demineralized freeze-dried bone allografts. PMID- 3908217 TI - Projections of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone and vasotocin fibers to the anterior part of the preoptic nucleus in the toad, Bufo japonicus. AB - The anterior part of the preoptic nucleus (APON) is a crucial locus for triggering male mate calling behavior in anuran amphibia. The projections to this locus of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone and vasotocin fibers were immunohistochemically demonstrated in the brain of the toad (Bufo japonicus) using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method. Immunoreactive (ir)-LH-RH perikarya are localized in the nucleus medialis septi and the nucleus of the diagonal band of Broca. A part of ir-LH-RH fibers arising from these nuclei project to the lateral part of the APON, where the APON neurons form their dendritic field, and often protrude into its medial neuronal cell mass. Meanwhile, a considerable number of vasotocin fibers arising from the ventral magnocellular part of the preoptic nucleus project anterior to these loci. These observations indicate that the LH-RH and vasotocin fibers may form ordinary and/or en passant synapses with the APON neurons to transmit peptidergic neuronal signals which are concerned with initiation of seasonal reproductive behavior. PMID- 3908218 TI - [The nature of genetic recombination]. AB - The biological evolutionary axiom proposed earlier by the author states that in the absence of genetic recombination the evolution of organic forms would be impossible. In the present paper the literature data are considered, illustrating the role of genetic recombination in evolution. It is urged that a tendency towards an increasing complexity of biological organization results from periodical recombinational combining of the diverged genes as well as the whole genomes of different origin. The alternative mechanism implying the production of duplications from the identical gene copies or whole genomes is considered to be unlikely. According to the biological evolutionary axiom, the origin of life is connected with the appearance of a mode of reparation of crystalline type aggregates--the precursors of DNA by means of exchanges among their constituents. A hypothesis is proposed that in the process of recombination a certain distribution of the 6-amino bases (adenine, cytosine) along the DNA molecule is settled, with respect to the 6-carbonyl bases (guanine, thymine). It is proposed that the relative distribution of the bases mentioned influences electrostatic stability of the DNA molecule as a crystalline associate. PMID- 3908219 TI - [Study of the process of promutagen biotransformation by the Ames test. I. The role of conjugation with glutathione in the modification of the mutagenic activity of nitrosomorpholine, diethylnitrosamine and cyclophosphamide]. AB - It is demonstrated that the level of the action of nitrosomorpholine (NM), diethyl nitrosoamine (DENA) and cyclophosphane (CP) promutagens on bacteria is lowered as a result of the Ames test modification by means of addition of reduced glutathione (G-SH) to the activating mixture. The data are presented on the dependence of this phenomenon on concentration of promutagens and G-SH, the period of bacteria preincubation with the compound under study and the activating mixture as well as on concentration of microsomal protein. No changes in the mutagenic effect of NM, DENA and CP were observed when G-SH was substituted for cysteine in equimolar concentration. This fact points to enzymic mechanism involved in elimination of the damaging effect of mutagenic metabolites of the compounds studied. PMID- 3908220 TI - Transcriptional control of the nah and sal hydrocarbon-degradation operons by the nahR gene product. AB - The positively regulated nah and sal operons of the NAH7 plasmid from Pseudomonas putida encode the enzymes for metabolism of naphthalene via salicylate. To study their coordinate regulation, a 6-kb DNA fragment containing the entire nahA gene (encoding naphthalene dioxygenase), the gene of the nah operon, was cloned into a RSF1010 plasmid derivative. Analysis of expression of nahA from the nah promoter in either Escherichia coli or Pseudomonas putida showed that a 1.6-kb DNA fragment from the nahR (nah operon regulatory locus) region was required in trans for (i) induction by salicylate; (ii) high-level expression of nahA, and (iii) complementation of nahR- mutants. Measurement of transcription in induced and uninduced P. putida showed that induction of the nah and sal operons occurred at the transcriptional level. The trans-acting positive regulatory gene, nahR, however, was constitutively transcribed. PMID- 3908221 TI - Controlled transcription of the yeast regulatory gene GAL80. AB - Transcription of the tightly linked genes GAL7-GAL10-GAL1 encoding three galactose-metabolizing enzymes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is regulated by an interplay of the positive regulatory gene GAL4 and the negative regulatory gene GAL80. The concentration of GAL80 mRNA (determined by a quantitative blot hybridization) was nearly comparable to that of URA3 mRNA, in the wild-type yeast grown in medium with glucose or glycerol. The intracellular concentration of GAL80 mRNA increased by changing the carbon source to galactose by a factor of more than 5, in contrast to a GAL4 mRNA concentration which is essentially unaffected by galactose [Laughon and Gesteland, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 79 (1982) 6827-6831]. The inducible expression of the GAL80 gene was suggested to involve its own product and also the product of GAL4 by using various mutations in those genes. PMID- 3908222 TI - Expression of a synthetic human growth hormone gene in yeast. AB - A synthetic human growth hormone (hGH) gene was efficiently expressed under the control of the repressible acid phosphatase promoter in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). More than 10(6) molecules of hormone were formed per cell despite the fact that the gene was constructed with codon preference for Escherichia coli. PMID- 3908223 TI - Plasmid pFCE4: a new system of Escherichia coli expression-modification vectors. AB - Two versatile expression-modification vectors were obtained by inserting the origin of replication (ori) of phage f1 into the expression vector pOTS. The resulting plasmids produce large amounts of coding or noncoding ssDNA (depending on ori orientation in pFCE4+ and pFCE4-) and excrete it into the medium as virus like particles following infection with phage f1. These features make them suitable for dideoxy chain termination sequencing, oligonucleotide directed mutagenesis and gene expression without further manipulations. The human IFN alpha-2 gene, lacking the codon for the first amino acid, cysteine, was efficiently expressed by these vectors. PMID- 3908224 TI - Complete nucleotide sequence of the hexokinase PI gene (HXK1) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - The nucleotide sequence of the yeast glycolytic hexokinase isoenzyme PI-gene, HXK1, has been determined by sequencing the yeast DNA insert of the previously isolated plasmid HXK1 clone [Entian et al., Mol. Gen. Genet. 198 (1984) 50-54]. The structural gene sequence included 1452 bp coding for 484 amino acid (aa) residues corresponding to the Mr of 153 605 for the HXK1 monomer. Several initiation regions and termination points were located using nuclease S1 mapping. The HXK1 sequence was 76% homologous with that of HXK2, which is responsible for triggering glucose repression in yeasts. Since HXK1 is not involved in this regulatory system, the regulatory function of HXK2 must correspond to one or more of the differences between both isoenzymes. Most changes in the amino acid sequence were statistically distributed; however, four clustered regions with more than five altered aa residues were identified. PMID- 3908225 TI - [Treatment of fibrocystic mastopathy with bromocriptine]. PMID- 3908226 TI - [Committees on the study of maternal mortality. Historical development and objectives]. PMID- 3908227 TI - [Clinical, ultra-echosonographic and histopathological correlations in gynecology]. PMID- 3908229 TI - [F. Engels on the effect of hygienic conditions on the health status of English workers and contemporary conditions in capitalist countries (on the 140th anniversary of the publication of F. Engels' work "The condition of the working class in England"]. PMID- 3908228 TI - [Organization of the Museum of History of Occupational Medicine and Occupational Diseases in the USSR]. PMID- 3908230 TI - [Effect of acoustic stress on the reproductive system of man and animals (review of the literature)]. PMID- 3908231 TI - [Correction of large heart septal defects using patches under moderate hypothermia]. PMID- 3908232 TI - [Role of N. I. Pirogov in the development of Soviet and world surgery (on the 175th anniversary of his birth)]. PMID- 3908233 TI - [Echocardiography semeiotics of pulmonary thromboembolism]. PMID- 3908235 TI - Platelet sensitivity to adenosine diphosphate and to prostacyclin in diabetic pregnancies. AB - Platelet sensitivity to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and to prostacyclin (PGI2) was studied in normal and diabetic pregnant women. The threshold concentrations of ADP inducing the second phase of aggregation were used to determine the platelet sensitivity to PGI2. The sensitivity of platelets to ADP increased in both groups in the second trimester, thereafter it decreased both in normal and diabetic pregnancies. In contrast, sensitivity to PGI2 increased in the last trimester of pregnancy. No difference could be observed between diabetic and normal groups. The similarity of the results between the two groups could be explained by the normoglycaemic state of well-controlled diabetic pregnant women. PMID- 3908234 TI - [Case of the migration of an injection needle from the ulnar vein to the pulmonary artery]. PMID- 3908236 TI - [Data on patients with scaphoid pseudarthroses of the hand]. AB - A group of 63 patients with non-union of the scaphoid diagnosed by chance during 1971 until 1977 was compared with a second group of 112 patients from the period of 1953 to 1970. They were similar in age, the occasion which gave rise to detection and diagnosis, and localisation of the pseudarthrosis. Marked differences were found in the interval between the time of accident and diagnosis and the extent of arthrotic changes. PMID- 3908237 TI - [Ring injuries]. AB - At the Clinic for Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery of the Kantonsspital Aarau eight cases of ring avulsion injuries in one woman and seven men have been treated during the period 1979-1981. Depending on the soft tissue damage, the ring injuries can be divided into four categories. Representative cases of each group and the special problems and difficulties in the reconstruction of each case are described. Microsurgical revascularisation has been particularly useful in cases of incomplete ring avulsion amputations. PMID- 3908238 TI - [Primary pyogenic infections of the hand--a disease picture over the course of time]. AB - The changes and developments which have taken place during the course of the last century with respect to the occurrence, severity, bacteriology and therapy of primary pyogenic infection of the hand are discussed. PMID- 3908239 TI - [Cardiovascular effects of tricyclic antidepressants]. PMID- 3908240 TI - [Oncogenes]. PMID- 3908241 TI - [Accelerated development of osteoporosis in hyperprolactinemic women]. PMID- 3908242 TI - [Still's disease in the adult]. PMID- 3908243 TI - [Campylobacter jejuni infections]. PMID- 3908244 TI - [Ultrasonic examination in the diagnosis of cholelithiasis and cholecystitis]. PMID- 3908245 TI - [The respiratory system and lung disease in the elderly]. PMID- 3908246 TI - [Idiopathic transient osteoporosis of the hip]. PMID- 3908247 TI - [Heterotopic heart transplant]. PMID- 3908248 TI - [The value of ultrasonography in the staging of Hodgkin's disease]. PMID- 3908249 TI - Mutagenicity tests of lipid oxidation products in Salmonella typhimurium: monohydroperoxides and secondary oxidation products of methyl linoleate and methyl linolenate. AB - Nine hydroperoxy and hydroperoxy-epidioxy oxidation products derived from either autoxidation (AO) or photosensitized oxidation (PO) of methyl linoleate (MLo) or methyl linolenate (MLn) were tested for mutagenic activity by the Salmonella typhimurium his+ reversion assay using strains TA100, TA98, TA102, TA97 and TA1537. All nine oxidation products, monohydroperoxides from AO-MLn (I) or from PO-MLn (II), dihydroperoxides from PO-MLo (III), AO-MLn (IV) or PO-MLn (V), hydroperoxy epidioxides from PO-MLo (VI), AO-MLn (VII) or PO-MLn (VIII) and hydroperoxy bis-epidioxides from PO-MLn (IX), were weakly mutagenic in strains TA97 and/or TA100. The hydroperoxy epidioxides (VI-IX) exhibited significantly greater activity in strain TA97 than did the monohydroperoxides (I, II) or the dihydroperoxides (III-V). In strain TA100, all of the oxidation products tested exhibited similar activity. No major differences between products derived from autoxidized and photooxidized MLn (I v. II, IV v. V, VII v. VIII) were obtained. Rat-liver S-9 reduced the toxicity of all oxidation products to the tester strains. The greatest mutant yields were usually obtained in the presence of S-9, but mutagenic potency was sometimes greater without S-9. The structural feature common to all of the mutagenic oxidation products was the presence of a hydroperoxy group, suggesting that this characteristic is responsible for the observed mutagenicity, either directly or through a common degradative pathway to reactive products of lower molecular weight. PMID- 3908251 TI - Le Double's study of muscle variations of the human body. Part I: Muscle variations of the leg. PMID- 3908250 TI - [Effect of experimental alcoholic intoxication on the cell-mediated immune response in mice]. AB - Repeated ip injection of ethyl alcohol in a relatively high dose depressed the immune response, to a greater degree in Swiss mice than in C57BL/6 mice, as shown by a diminution in granuloma size and in the hypersensitivity reaction to tuberculin compared with untreated controls. The control of bacillary multiplication in the popliteal lymph node was more efficient in alcohol-treated Swiss mice than in the corresponding controls, but was less efficient in alcohol treated C57BL/6 animals than in their controls. Alcohol treatment caused no reduction in the number of circulating lymphocytes, and no modification of the distribution of B and T lymphocytes in the spleen, or of the stimulation of T lymphocytes in the presence of mitogens. PMID- 3908252 TI - [Histologic changes of the anterior eye segment of the rabbit following implantation of artificial lens materials]. PMID- 3908253 TI - [Echography findings in choroid melanoblastomas following ruthenium therapy]. PMID- 3908254 TI - [Keratoplasty in childhood--studies on the growth of the cornea]. PMID- 3908255 TI - [Treatment of essential hypertension with a potassium-sparing diuretic combination. Results of a German multicenter study with Moduretic]. PMID- 3908256 TI - [Psychomental stress and cardiovascular reactivity under the action of prenylamine]. PMID- 3908258 TI - [Proteolysis and pancreatogenic shock. Pathobiochemical and clinical aspects]. PMID- 3908257 TI - [Effectiveness and duration of effect of molsidomine and isosorbide dinitrate in peripheral circulation]. PMID- 3908259 TI - [Clonidine in opiate withdrawal syndrome]. PMID- 3908260 TI - [Thyroid gland diagnosis with image-producing procedures. 1: Ultrasound]. PMID- 3908261 TI - [Cerebrospinal fluid diagnosis of meningeal cryptococcosis]. AB - Cryptococcosis must be taken into account as a cause of basal meningitis. Along with a case report, clinical signs and guiding cerebrospinal fluid findings are evaluated. Special attention is paid to CSF-cytology, which provides important information in terms of identification and clinical course of the disease. For the first time C. neoformans, yielded from CSF-samples, was investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy, and compared with yeast cultured in laboratory. PMID- 3908262 TI - Omeprazole heals duodenal, but not gastric ulcers more rapidly than ranitidine. Results of two German multicentre trials. AB - In two double-blind, randomized German multicentre trials the effects of omeprazole 20 mg mane and ranitidine 150 mg b.i.d. were compared for the first time in 334 outpatients with duodenal ulcer and 184 outpatients with gastric ulcer. In patients with duodenal ulcer endoscopically controlled healing rates after two weeks were 72% with omeprazole and 59% with ranitidine (p = 0.012); after 4 weeks 96 and 92%, resp. were healed (n.s.). In patients with gastric ulcer the healing rates after two, four, and eight weeks were 43, 81, and 95%, respectively, with omeprazole and 45, 80, and 90%, respectively, with ranitidine (n.s.). Smoking impaired healing in duodenal, but not in gastric ulcer. Symptom relief was comparable with both drugs. Serious side effects or clinically relevant changes in laboratory screening results were not detected. - Our results demonstrate for the first time that omeprazole 20 mg mane is superior to ranitidine 150 mg b.i.d. in the short-term treatment of duodenal, but not gastric ulcer. PMID- 3908263 TI - [Non-invasive measurement of the elastic properties of the abdominal aorta and the analysis of aging change--changes of elasticity of the aorta by aging]. AB - For the purpose of the non-invasive measurement of the elastic properties of human abdominal aorta, we developed high sensitive measurement system of small displacement of tissue. This system consists of phase locked echo tracking loop combined with conventional B-mode imaging. The sensitivity to displacement in the model experiment was in the order of micro meter. Pressure strain elastic modulus (Ep) and stiffness parameter (beta) of abdominal aorta were calculated by our equipment in 61 persons, which were subdivided into 3 age groups, the young group (20 persons less than 35 yrs.), the middle aged group (21 persons between 35 yrs. and 60 yrs.), and the old group (20 persons more than 60 yrs.). Ep in the young group was 0.99 +/- 0.34 X 10(6) dynes/cm2, the middle aged group 1.55 +/- 0.68 X 10(6) dynes/cm2, the old group 3.80 +/- 2.05 X 10(6) dynes/cm2. Beta in the young group was 9.3 +/- 3.3, the middle aged group 12.0 +/- 4.5, the old group 27.6 +/- 14.0. The values of Ep and beta in the old group were significantly different from those in the young group and the middle group. Moreover large deviation of the both values was showed within the old group. The influence of aging on the elastic properties of abdominal aorta was found with large individual variation in relation to the progression of the sclerotic change. PMID- 3908264 TI - [Studies of an assay system for dialyzable leukocyte extracts (DLE)--influence of DLE on leukocyte migration inhibition test by HBsAg]. AB - In order to examine the suitability of leukocyte migration inhibition test (LMIT) in the capacity of in vitro assay system for dialyzable leukocyte extracts (DLE), the effect of DLE on hepatitis B and its antigen-specificity, the migration inhibitory activities to purified hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was measured using the leukocyte MIF test with DLEs obtained from HBsAb-positive or HBsAb-negative blood. The direct LMIT using agarose plate was modified according to the technique of Clausen et al. In spite of our assay system was dose dependent for PPD, a significant response for purified HBsAg was not observed. However, some meaningful migration inhibition appeared when HBsAg and DLE were added simultaneously to the migration cells. From these results, it is concluded that DLE has antigen-specific and/or antigen non specific influences to the cell mediated immunity for HBsAg Though some problems remain, we think our results are interesting, since the assay system for DLE has not been established and our study is closely related to the effect of DLE concerning hepatitis B. PMID- 3908265 TI - The relationship between plasma concentration and disappearance rate of immunoreactive insulin in the conscious dog. AB - The relationship between plasma concentration and disappearance (infusion) rate of insulin was determined during infusion of insulin via the portal circulation of 14 normal euglycaemic dogs when somatostatin was infused to block endogenous insulin secretion. The relationship could be represented by one straight line over the plasma immunoreactive insulin range 0 to 110 microU/ml (r = 0.99) but above 110 microU/ml the fractional insulin disappearance rate declined. The results indicate the existence in the dog of a saturable pathway of insulin degradation that could conceivably be located in liver and which may become saturated only at insulin concentrations in the portal vein exceeding approximately 330 microU/ml. PMID- 3908266 TI - Standardization of insulin secretion from pancreatic islets: validation of a DNA assay. AB - The use of islet DNA content to standardize insulin secretion rates from pancreatic islets of different sizes has been studied. Isolated intact islets were sorted into 4 size categories and perifused with 22 mM glucose, collecting effluent in 5 min fractions for insulin RIA. DNA content of perifused islets was measured by fluorometric assay, and insulin secretion expressed as pmoles/ug DNA/unit time. For islets with diameters less than 300 u (1) insulin secretion was proportional to islet size; (2) insulin release per islet and islet DNA content were strongly correlated; (3) when expressed as a function of DNA content, insulin secretion from different sized islets was not significantly different. These relationships did not continue for very large islets (above 300 u) suggesting a limiting islet size for insulin secretion in vitro. The data demonstrates that expression of insulin secretion from pancreatic islets with diameters less than 300 u, as a function of their DNA content standardizes secretion irrespective of islet size and number, and should allow direct comparison of secretory responses between different islet tissue preparations. PMID- 3908267 TI - Stimulation of glucose uptake in skeletal muscle using bolus or continuous insulin delivery. AB - We investigated glucose uptake in the non-cyclically perfused rat hindlimb in response to continuous infusion (CI) or bolus injection (BI) of insulin. Ten mM glucose was infused at 3 ml/min, venous glucose was monitored at two minute intervals, and glucose uptake was calculated on the basis of arteriovenous difference and expressed as micron/min/100 g body wt. Insulin BI given every ten minutes equaled the amount of insulin given by CI for ten minutes. Insulin doses of 1500, 3000, 6000, and 45,000 microU/30 min showed no significant difference between the two modes of delivery in either onset of stimulation or maximal stimulation of glucose uptake. At the lowest insulin dose tested (1500 microU/30 min) neither BI nor CI stimulated glucose uptake above the control of 1.849 micron/min/100 g. A dose response curve for glucose uptake was obtained using insulin boluses ranging from 2000 to 20,000 microU. Insulin uptake by the muscle was always greater when insulin was administered CI. Net disappearance of immunoreactive insulin over the entire 30 minutes of perfusion was 29.4 +/- 2.6% for CI but only 7.1 +/- 1.6% for BI. Thus in the perfused rat hindlimb, stimulation of glucose uptake in skeletal muscle is comparable with BI and CI delivery of insulin but insulin uptake by the muscle is several-fold greater with CI delivery. PMID- 3908268 TI - Estrogen uptake capacity of individual pituitary cell types from male and female rats one, fourteen and fifty days after castration. AB - A quantitative autoradiographic technique was combined with immunocytochemical staining to compare 3H-estrogen uptake in individual pituitary cell types 1, 14 or 50 days after castration in both male and female rats. Silver grains were counted over nuclei of immunocytochemically stained cells and means were computed for each cell type. The order of labelling intensity for all groups was gonadotropes greater than or equal to lactotropes = somatotropes greater than thyrotropes = corticotropes. In male rats 3H-estrogen uptake capacity in all of these cell types remained unchanged over the post-castration interval. Only gonadotropes from female rats demonstrated a significant change in estrogen uptake capacity over the intervals examined. Uptake in these cells increased by 137% between 1 and 50 days after ovariectomy. At both 14 and 50 days post ovariectomy, gonadotropes concentrated significantly more radioactive label than either lactotropes or somatotropes. One day after castration, gonadotropes from females concentrated less 3H-estrogen than males while at 50 days after castration they concentrated significantly more than gonadotropes from male rats. PMID- 3908269 TI - Determination of free-insulin in antibody containing sera: comparison of polyethylene glycol and Staphylococcus aureus cells. AB - Polyethylene glycol (PEG) and killed Staphylococcus aureus cells (S. aureus) were used as agents to separate free insulin from antibody-bound insulin in diabetic sera. Insulin was determined by conventional double antibody radioimmunoassay. The free insulin values after PEG treatment were almost half of those after S. aureus treatment. The free insulin levels in high-antibody containing sera preincubated at 37 degrees C, 2 h were double the value of fresh sera. PEG treatment caused about 40% loss of total serum protein. The addition of bovine serum albumin (BSA) to the PEG-treated serum greatly increased the immuno reactive insulin values. This may suggest that protein concentration plays a role in insulin radioimmunoassay. PEG treatment may also enhance the interaction between free insulin and free antibodies resulting in underestimation of free insulin level. PMID- 3908270 TI - Plasma prostacyclin-stimulating activity in diabetes mellitus. PMID- 3908271 TI - Improved glucose tolerance after guanfacine treatment in hypertensive diabetic (type II) patients: one year follow up. PMID- 3908272 TI - Influence of body posture on aldosterone suppression after antihypertensive drugs (captopril and metoprolol). PMID- 3908273 TI - Depression and demonic possession: the analyst as an exorcist. AB - Man's attempt to understand mental illness, and especially depression, have historically alternated between two general concepts: a belief in some form of evil spirits that have invaded the body; or of an internal black toxic substance, melancholia. Each age and culture can be found to have devised its own appropriate treatment for depression; to remove the "biochemical" cause of the disease process by means of prayer, exorcism or fire, or to do away with the evil spirit. Psychoanalysis has evolved a concept of depression that deals with ideas about introjects, rather than conceiving of them as concrete toxins or demons. Psychoanalytic treatment is a cognitive technique for "exorcising" certain identifications by delineating them and then neutralizing them through understanding. The superficial similarity of both concepts, albeit substituting a "tangible" substance by an ideational one, helps to explain why it has been so difficult to avoid the temptation to reify psychoanalytic concepts. The Greeks' black humour, the demon, and the mental construct of an ambivalent introject, can be understood as different metaphors of a similar universal concept. PMID- 3908274 TI - Carbohydrate intolerance in gonadal dysgenesis: evidence for insulin resistance and hyperglucagonemia. AB - To determine the pathogenesis of carbohydrate intolerance associated with gonadal dysgenesis, plasma glucose, insulin, glucagon, and growth hormone responses to oral glucose and intravenous tolbutamide, arginine and insulin were evaluated in 21 nonobese patients, 7-19 years old. Glucose intolerance was present in 9 of 21 nonobese patients (42.8%). Insulin levels, the area under the insulin curve after oral glucose and intravenous tolbutamide and the insulin to glucose ratio were significantly greater in patients than in controls (p less than 0.005). The decrease in plasma glucose following intravenous tolbutamide was significantly less in patients than in controls (p less than 0.05) despite insulin levels which were greater than in controls (p less than 0.05). After intravenous insulin, plasma glucose fell significantly less in patients than in controls (p less than 0.01). Plasma glucagon levels and the area under the glucagon curve after oral glucose and arginine infusion were significantly greater in patients than in controls (p less than 0.005 and p less than 0.01, respectively). The increase in glucagon after insulin-induced hypoglycemia was significantly less in patients than in controls (p less than 0.025). Fasting and stimulated growth hormone levels and the mean 24-hour growth hormone concentration were similar in patients and controls. These results indicate that glucose intolerance occurs frequently in gonadal dysgenesis and is associated with normal or increased insulin secretory responses. These abnormalities are probably due to insulin resistance and hyperglucagonemia. The decrease in insulin action does not appear to result from excessive growth hormone secretion or treatment with anabolic steroids or estrogen-progesterone medications. PMID- 3908276 TI - The controversial American University Group Diabetes Study--a look at sulfonylurea and biguanide therapy. PMID- 3908275 TI - Insulin receptor regulation in human mature red cells in vitro. AB - We have studied the ability of mature red cells to regulate the number and affinity of their insulin receptors, in vitro. Our data show that mature red cells are not able to change either the number and the affinity of their insulin receptors, after preincubation with high concentrations of insulin alone or insulin and glucose. We conclude that mature red cells possess an insulin receptor system not completely similar to that of major target cells such as hepatocytes and adipocytes, and therefore we suggest some criticism in evaluating these cells in clinical studies, regarding the insulin receptor status. PMID- 3908277 TI - Improvement of insulin action is an important part of the antidiabetic effect of metformin. AB - Although biguanides are widely used in the treatment of non-insulin- dependent diabetic patients, the underlying mechanism for their antidiabetic effects is not fully understood. There is circumstantial evidence that their mode of action is multifactorial. It is unknown, however, to what extent the different single effects contribute to the overall antidiabetic effect. Recent studies indicate that metformin treatment improves peripheral insulin action, which might occur both at the receptor level and/or at the postreceptor site. It is now generally accepted that postreceptor defects are of major importance for the insulin resistance of type-II diabetic patients. Findings indicating that metformin might influence postreceptor sites of insulin action seem, therefore, to be more relevant than possible effects on insulin receptor binding. PMID- 3908278 TI - Prevalence of macro- and microvascular disease as related to glycosylated hemoglobin in type I and II diabetic subjects. An epidemiologic study in Denmark. AB - The prevalence of macro- and microvascular disease and the distribution of glycosylated hemoglobin (Hb A1) were assessed in a representative Danish diabetes population living on the island of Falster with a population of 44.498 inhabitants. The diabetes population consisted of 533 diabetics of whom 166 were insulin-dependent (type I) and 367 non-insulin-dependent (type II). Among the 533 diabetics macrovascular complications as evidenced by myocardial infarction, gangrene or amputations and cerebrovascular catastrophes were present in 8%, 5% and 7%, respectively, while microvascular disease as evidenced by diabetic retinopathy was present in 53% of the cases. Multilogistic analysis showed no relationship between the macrovascular complications and the level of Hb A1, whereas there was a highly significant correlation between the level of Hb A1 and the presence of retinopathy in both patients with type I (P less than 0.01) and type II diabetes (P less than 0.001). The results emphasize the contention that the development of microvascular disease depends on the quality of blood glucose control while that of macrovascular disease seems unrelated to long-term hyperglycemia. PMID- 3908279 TI - Hyperinsulinaemia--a possible risk factor for cardiovascular disease in diabetes mellitus. AB - Diabetes mellitus is associated with severe and premature cardiovascular disease. The reasons for this have not been identified. It is now apparent that diabetics often have elevated circulating insulin levels compared to non-diabetics. In non insulin dependent diabetes this is due to the associated obesity while in insulin treated diabetics exogenous insulin is responsible for hyperinsulinaemia between meals and at night. Two reports of high insulin levels in non-insulin dependent diabetics with cardiovascular disease are consistent with clinical and epidemiological studies linking hyperinsulinaemia with coronary, cerebral and peripheral arterial disease in non-diabetics. The arterial wall is an insulin sensitive tissue. Insulin promotes proliferation of arterial smooth muscle cells and enhances lipid synthesis and low density lipoprotein receptor activity. Insulin also promotes experimental atherosclerosis in a number of species. The evidence linking hyperinsulinaemia to the cardiovascular complications and diabetes is suggestive but incomplete and much more information on predictive factors for arterial disease in diabetes is urgently required. Diabetes mellitus is associated with severe and premature cardiovascular disease (reviewed by Stout 1982). Ischaemic heart disease, stroke and peripheral vascular disease are all more common in diabetics, particularly diabetic women. Although there is evidence for the existance of a specific diabetic cardiomyopathy, much of the cardiovascular disease in diabetics is due to atherosclerosis and its complications. Arterial disease in diabetics in distinct from microvascular disease affecting capillaries, and does not differ morphologically or biochemically from atherosclerosis in non-diabetics. The reason for the increased incidence of atherosclerosis in diabetes has not been established. Both non insulin dependent and insulin dependent diabetes appear to be associated with cardiovascular disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3908280 TI - Coronary heart disease mortality in relation with diabetes, blood glucose and plasma insulin levels. The Paris Prospective Study, ten years later. AB - The Paris Prospective Study is a long-term investigation of cardiovascular diseases in a population of 7164 working men, aged 43-54 years. The first annual follow-up session (1968-73) included a 0-2 hr 75 g OGTT with measurement of plasma insulin and glucose levels beside the major coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors: arterial pressure, cigarette smoking, weight, cholesterol, triglycerides. After a mean 11.2 years follow-up, 651 deaths, among them 126 due to CHD, were recorded. The annual CHD mortality rates were respectively 1.4, 2.7 and 3.2 per 1000 for the 6055 normoglycaemic, 690 impaired glucose tolerance, and 293 new and known diabetic subjects (1980 WHO classification) (p less than 0.01). The annual risk was analyzed by the multivariate Cox model. It showed that the fasting plasma insulin was positively associated with risk independent of the other factors (p less than 0.05), whereas glucose tolerance, including overt diabetes, was not significantly associated. We conclude that high insulin levels may constitute a more sensitive predictor of CHD than the degree of glucose intolerance, it could be useful to avoid excessive insulin plasma concentration, and even to lower its level. PMID- 3908282 TI - Timolol-related reduction in mortality and reinfarction in diabetic patients surviving acute myocardial infarction. AB - The long-term effect of timolol treatment (20 mg daily) on mortality and reinfarction was evaluated in 99 diabetic patients (placebo 46, timolol 53) surviving acute myocardial infarction. During the follow-up period of mean 17 months (12-33 months) there were 13 cardiac deaths in the placebo group and 5 in the timolol group, a reduction of 66.6% (p less than 0.05). The number of non fatal reinfarctions was 10 in the placebo group and 2 in the timolol group, a reduction of 82.7% (p less than 0.05). The timolol treatment was well tolerated. However, in patients not suffering from diabetes mellitus, long-term timolol treatment was related to a slight increase in new onset diabetes mellitus and in fasting blood sugar levels. PMID- 3908281 TI - High serum insulin concentrations in relation to other cardiovascular risk factors in macrovascular disease of type 2 diabetes. AB - In normal, nondiabetic man, a link between hyperinsulinaemia and coronary heart disease (CHD) has been suggested by recent population surveys. The present study reports on hyperinsulinaemia as associated with macrovascular (coronary, peripheral, and carotid artery) disease in 323 non-selected NIDDs (type 2 diabetics) and 178 age and sex matched controls. Both among the 58% of diabetics and 38% of nondiabetics with large vessel disease fasting serum C-peptide was significantly elevated (p less than 0.001) as compared to subjects without. Analysing nondiabetics and non insulin treated NIDDs (n = 154) according to quintiles of fasting C-peptide, significantly more patients with macrovascular disease in general and CHD in particular were found in the upper two quintiles (p less than 0.01). In addition, insulin treated NIDDs (n = 169) with macroangiopathy exhibited higher daily insulin requirement and fasting free insulin concentrations (p less than 0.01) than those without. The association of hyperinsulinaemia--whether endogenous or exogenous--with large vessel disease appeared to be independent from age, relative weight, and actual fasting blood glucose. There were, however, significant interrelations of fasting C-peptide with fasting triglycerides and--inversely--with HDL cholesterol and HbA1 in the diabetics. These results point to a role of hyperinsulinaemia also in macrovascular disease of diabetic patients, i.e. NIDDs, as previously observed in nondiabetics. Metabolic compensation of NIDDs should probably the accomplished at the lowest possible blood insulin concentration, regardless whether insulin affects large vessels by direct or indirect means. PMID- 3908283 TI - V.A. Cooperative Study on antiplatelet agents in diabetic patients after amputation for gangrene: III. Definitions and review of design and baseline characteristics. AB - This report summarizes the major design features, methods, and baseline characteristics of patients enrolled in a Veterans Administration Cooperative Study. In eleven V.A. centers, 231 male diabetic patients who had either a recent amputation for gangrene (N = 207) or active gangrene (N = 24) were randomly assigned to a group which received aspirin (325 mg t.i.d.) plus dipyridamole (75 mg t.i.d.) (N = 110) or two placeboes t.i.d. (N = 121). Major end point were vascular death and amputation of the opposite extremity for gangrene. Forty-one percent of the 563 patients screened were enrolled during a 39 month period. Enrollment errors were found in 8.7%. Historically, the two groups were well matched regarding the following variables: age, duration of diabetes, insulin therapy, previous oral agent therapy, hypertension, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, renal disease, sensory neuropathy, and smoking. The drug therapy group had an increased frequency of a history of cerebrovascular disease (19% vs 7%, p = 0.01). The groups were well matched regarding amputation site, obesity, extent of lower extremity vascular disease, retinopathy, and neuropathy upon examination. Their baseline fasting values of glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, and creatinine were also comparable. We conclude that this study should provide definitive data on the efficacy of these antiplatelet agents in preventing further vascular disease in this patient group. It should also provide new prospective data on the natural history of vascular disease, and the association of vascular risk factors with subsequent vascular events in this patient population. PMID- 3908284 TI - The role of oral hypoglycemic agents in therapy and prevention of macrovascular complications. AB - Of all the possible atherosclerotic factors, it must be accepted that only a few can be reached by today's diabetes therapy. Control of diabetes (hopeful, but not proven); Aging--useful but only in as much as good treatment might retard the aging process (questionable); Obesity--a great generality (possibly helpful); Lipids and lipoproteins (probably helpful, although more specifics needed); Hyperinsulinism (questionable--more studies underway); Platelet changes and coagulation (probably an important area--much investigation underway); There is no real evidence that any oral hypoglycemic agent is specific for treatment in these areas. Claims are made for some of the present oral hypoglycemic agents. Are these alleged benefits due to the specific properties of these agents or are they simply reinforcement of good diabetes control? There have been some specifically favorable reports of experiments with glicazide. If these are true, this would add another important dimension to its accepted hypoglycemic role. At this time, the oral hypoglycemic agents must be considered adjuncts in good control of diabetes and as such might provide a beneficial influence on atherosclerosis and macrovascular complications, but this is hardly specific. PMID- 3908286 TI - Use of surnames in the study of population structure. PMID- 3908285 TI - Demographic structure and opportunity for selection of Halfmoon Township, Pennsylvania: 1850-1900. PMID- 3908287 TI - Evidence for assortative mating and selection in surnames: a case from Yucatan, Mexico. PMID- 3908289 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of genetically determined early manifestation of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease? AB - A case of an unusually early manifestation of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is reported that was prenatally diagnosed by ultrasound. The ultrasonographic picture showed greatly enlarged kidneys and increased echogenicity that was indistinguishable from cases of autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease or Meckel syndrome without further information. Because of two further cases of early manifestation of ADPKD within the family reported (brother and cousin), as well as several other "familial" cases reported in the literature, we postulate that genetic factors are involved (modifying alleles). When reported observations of "familial" cases of early manifestations of ADPKD are made, genetic counseling should be considered. PMID- 3908290 TI - Lessons from 80 years of radiation toxicology. PMID- 3908291 TI - [Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in severe combined immune defects (SCID)]. AB - Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) represents the therapy of choice in severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). Besides a short description of the clinical picture and of the diagnostical criteria of the disorder, the basis and results of BMT in SCID are presented. This treatment can result in the complete immunological reconstitution with resulting cure of affected patients. Recently, the use of other than HLA-identical marrow donors has become possible, such as haploidentical parents. Threatening complications from graft versus host disease are preventable by depleting T-cells from marrow grafts. Early results of this new approach are very encouraging, and represent significant advance in clinical BMT. PMID- 3908288 TI - Individual interphase chromosome domains revealed by in situ hybridization. AB - The position and arrangement of individual chromosomes in interphase nuclei were examined in mouse-human cell hybrids by in situ hybridization of biotinylated human DNA probes. Intense and even labeling of human chromosomes with little background was observed when polyethylene glycol and Tween-20 were included in hybridization solutions. Human interphase chromosomes were separated from each other in the nucleus, and were confined to well localized domains. Hybrid cells with a single human chromosome showed a reproducible position of this chromosome in the nucleus. Some chromosomes appeared to have a characteristic folding pattern in interphase. Optical section as well as electron microscopy of labeled regions revealed the presence of 0.2 micron wide fibers in each interphase domain, as well as adjacent, locally extended 500 nm fibers. Such fibers are consistent with previously proposed structural models of interphase chromosomes. PMID- 3908292 TI - Leukaemia x fibroblast hybrid cells augment the antibody response to sheep red blood cells in inbred mice. AB - ASL-1 x LM(TK-) hybrid cells, an established murine leukaemia x fibroblast hybrid cell line, augment the antibody response to sheep red blood cells in inbred mice, as determined by the plaque assay method. The intraperitoneal injection of viable hybrid cells or of growth medium conditioned by the cells leads to an increase both in the total number as well as the proportion of cells forming antibodies to sheep red blood cells. CSF-1, (M-CSF), is detected by radioimmunoassay in the medium conditioned by the hybrid and LM(TK-) cells, but not ASL-1 parental cells. Prior treatment of the conditioned medium with CSF-1 antiserum reduces its capacity to augment the antibody response, and its proliferative stimulus on cells from the marrow indicating that CSF-1 may be at least partly responsible for the adjuvant effect observed. The intraperitoneal implantation of diffusion chambers containing viable CSF-1 producing hybrid cells, like the cells themselves, also leads to an increase in the number of spleen cells forming antibodies to sheep red blood cells. PMID- 3908293 TI - Specific surface antigens expressed on activated mouse peritoneal macrophages and recognized by a novel monoclonal antibody. AB - A hybridoma-secreting monoclonal antibody, designated 2E12D5, was prepared by fusing mouse myelomas with spleen cells from a rat immunized with BCG-elicited mouse peritoneal macrophages. Binding of the antibody to primary mouse cells and cell lines was examined by indirect immunofluorescent flow cytometry. 2E12D5 was cytotoxic and of the rat IgG2a subclass. The antibody reacted to a great extent with the BCG-induced mouse peritoneal macrophages, half the bone marrow cells, macrophage-like cell lines and thioglycollate-induced peritoneal exudate cells to some degree, but not with other cells including BCG-elicited peritoneal lymphocytes, non- or low tumoricidal peritoneal exudate cells, thymomas, myelomas and fibroblasts. Immunoblot analysis showed the antibody to bind to four major proteins, 220,000, 125,000, 105,000 and 92,000 in molecular weight from the BCG induced peritoneal macrophage. Pretreatment of BCG-induced peritoneal macrophages with 2E12D5 and rabbit complement greatly inhibited macrophage-mediated tumour cell cytotoxicity. PMID- 3908295 TI - [Immunopathology of granuloma annulare]. PMID- 3908294 TI - Sheep lymphocyte antigens (OLA). II. Major histocompatibility complex class II molecules. AB - A panel of monoclonal antibodies have been produced which recognize monomorphic determinants of sheep MHC Class II antigens, including an allogenically derived murine monoclonal antibody specific for the I-E gene product. Immunoprecipitation and SDS-PAGE analyses indicates that these monoclonal antibodies recognize a non covalently associated glycoprotein complex of molecular weight 30-32 kDa (alpha chain) and 24-26 kDa (beta chain). One and two colour immunofluorescence was used to measure the distribution of these 'Ia-like' antigens on mononuclear cells from various lymphoid organs. They were found almost exclusively on lymphocytes expressing surface immunoglobulin (B lymphocytes) and on a small population of surface immunoglobulin negative cells. Most thymocytes were negative for Class II molecules while thymic epithelial cells were positive. The tissue distribution of Class II molecules was found to be similar to that described in man. Individual monoclonal antibodies displayed no variations in reactivity with the different tissues studied. PMID- 3908296 TI - [Leukocyte migration inhibition test in allergic eczema due to contact with nickel salts]. PMID- 3908297 TI - [Superficial candidiasis: research on the mode of contagion]. PMID- 3908298 TI - Effect of whole body gamma irradiation on delayed hypersensitivity to dinitrofluorobenzene in CBA mice. PMID- 3908299 TI - Study of a neutral protease from sarcoma-180 ascites cells. PMID- 3908300 TI - Effect of extremely low frequency magnetic field on serum cholinesterase in humans and animals. PMID- 3908302 TI - The influence of graft size on the induction of immunity versus tolerance to H-Y in H-2k strains of mice. AB - Unprimed female CBA mice do not reject large (10 mm2) syngeneic male skin grafts. However, a high proportion do reject small (4 mm2) grafts. Nevertheless, rejection does not invariably result in an anamnestic response. In some cases, the immunity induced by the rejection of a small graft was overcome, and tolerance was induced by a subsequent challenge with a large graft. This suggests that the transplantation response to minor antigens is subject to active regulation, and screening of other H-2k strains indicates that the nature of the response (i.e., immunity or tolerance) is determined by a gene or genes mapping outside the major histocompatibility complex. PMID- 3908304 TI - Immunoperoxidase technique in the identification of intracytoplasmic immunoglobulin in lymph node & bone biopsies. PMID- 3908301 TI - Free Ia E alpha chain expression in the E+ alpha : E- beta recombinant strain A.TFR5. AB - Molecular and biochemical techniques have been used to explore the reasons behind low E alpha chain expression in the E+ alpha E- beta I-region recombinant strain, A.TFR5. A.TFR5 (Af Ek, ap5), a recombinant between A.CA (Af Ef) and A.TL (AkEk), carries the Ek subregion. Previous results have shown that it expresses the E alpha chain, but at reduced levels relative to E+ alpha E+ beta strains. No E beta chains were detected, which is consistent with the A.TFR5E beta gene being derived from the A.CA parent, which carries the null Ef beta allele. In this paper, the defect in E alpha-chain expression is explored. Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis has localized the recombination event in A.TFR5 approximately 30 kb upstream of E alpha, in the region of the large intervening sequence of E beta. Northern blot analysis of total RNA from A.TFR5 shows normal amounts of the E alpha message, but no E beta message. Two-dimensional gel analysis of 15 min pulse-labeled A.TFR5, A.CA, and A.TL E immunoprecipitates shows decreased levels of the intracellular E alpha chain in A.TFR5 relative to A.TL. However, analysis of total cell extracts shows normal levels of this protein. A glycoprotein fraction isolated from total cell extracts of 5 h labeled cells contains normal amounts of intracellular E alpha, but decreased amounts of the mature cell-surface protein. These data suggest that in the absence of E beta, the E alpha chain (1) takes on an altered conformation that is not as efficiently recognized by alloantibodies, and (2) is found in normal levels as the partially glycosylated intracellular precursor, but is not processed and/or transported efficiently to the cell surface. PMID- 3908303 TI - Copper intrauterine contraceptive device insertion 6 weeks after caesarean section. PMID- 3908305 TI - Role of Tc-99m diethylene triamine penta acetic acid (DTPA)--renal study in children with upper urinary tract dilatation. PMID- 3908306 TI - Propranolol in prophylaxis of migraine. PMID- 3908307 TI - Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC) in sporadic diarrhea in Delhi. PMID- 3908308 TI - Enteropathogenic E. coli in infantile diarrhea in a rural area. PMID- 3908310 TI - Directory of On-Going Research in Cancer Epidemiology. 1985. PMID- 3908309 TI - Ultrasonographic evaluation of abdominal masses in children. PMID- 3908311 TI - Molecular mechanisms that control renin secretion. PMID- 3908312 TI - Nonproportional changes in plasma renin concentration, renal renin content, and rat renin messenger RNA. AB - The expression of the renin gene in rat kidneys was studied using mouse submaxillary gland renin complementary DNA. The length of rat renin messenger RNA (mRNA) was approximately 1600 nucleotides, similar to that of mouse submaxillary gland and kidney renin mRNA. Rat renin mRNA was quantified by a radiodensitometric complementary DNA hybridization assay. The effects of intense long-term stimulation and short-term inhibition of renin secretion on plasma renin concentration, renal renin concentration, and renin mRNA content were compared with those of controls. After 15 days of sodium depletion and captopril treatment, plasma renin concentration increased 46-fold, renal renin concentration only 1.5-fold, and renin mRNA content increased about threefold. Following a 1-hour infusion of angiotensin II in sodium-depleted and captopril treated rats, plasma renin concentration decreased by 84% whereas no significant changes in either renal renin concentration or renin mRNA content were observed. These results show that sodium depletion and captopril treatment increase the level of renin gene transcription and renin biosynthesis. However, there are nonproportional changes in plasma renin levels, renal renin content, and its mRNA. These results suggest that newly synthesized renin is not stored in the kidney but is rapidly secreted into the blood. Short-term inhibition of plasma renin concentration by angiotensin II is most likely mediated by posttranslational mechanisms. PMID- 3908313 TI - In vivo influence of prostaglandin I2 on systemic and renal circulation in the rat. AB - The effect of prostaglandin I2 and two other vasodilator agents, acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside, on systemic and renal circulation was studied in 29 adult euvolemic Sprague-Dawley rats. Intra-aortic infusion of prostaglandin I2 (3.6 micrograms/kg/hr; n = 6 rats) produced significant vasodilation (p less than 0.05), as indicated by an average reduction in total peripheral vascular resistance of 24.8 +/- 2.0%, while renal vascular resistance remained essentially unchanged. Essentially identical findings were obtained in a separate group of six rats pretreated with intravenous administration of saralasin (0.5 mg/kg/hr). In contrast, in another group of six rats pretreated with saralasin, intraaortic infusion of acetylcholine (0.35 mg/kg/hr), which caused a reduction in total peripheral vascular resistance (21.4 +/- 3.8%) comparable to that induced by prostaglandin I2, produced a significant fall in renal vascular resistance (average, 27.7 +/- 5.0%) and, hence, an increase in renal blood flow (average, 26.2 +/- 2.9%). The effect of sodium nitroprusside (0.4 mg/kg/hr i.v.) was intermediate between those of prostaglandin I2 and acetylcholine: both renal vascular resistance and total peripheral vascular resistance fell mildly. These results indicate that prostaglandin I2, given in a dose sufficient to cause systemic vasodilation, fails to induce any discernible renal vasodilative response and that this absence of renal vasodilation by prostaglandin I2 in vivo is not due, as previously postulated, to the highly efficient offsetting influence of intrarenal angiotensin II release. PMID- 3908314 TI - Changes in prostanoid synthesis in response to diet and hypertension in one kidney, one clip rats. AB - This study was designed to examine the effects of diets that alter prostaglandin biosynthesis on the blood pressure in one-kidney, one clip rats with established hypertension and to compare the prostanoid generating capacity of hypertensive animals with those that remained normotensive. Rats attaining blood pressures of at least 180 mm Hg within 8 weeks of nephrectomy and renal artery stenosis were paired by weight and blood pressure and then placed on either a safflower oil or a prostaglandin I2 inhibitory diet (cod liver oil-linseed oil mix) for 4 weeks. Animals with blood pressures of less than 150 mm Hg were also paired for the same two dietary regimens. Comparison between the two blood pressure groups revealed that on both dietary regimens hypertensive rats produced significantly more aortic 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha and serum thromboxane B2. Rats on the cod liver oil-linseed oil diet incorporated eicosapentaenoic acid into tissue stores with a corresponding decrease in arachidonic acid and significantly impaired ability to generate serum thromboxane B2 (36%), aortic 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (65%), renal homogenate 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (64%) and prostaglandin E2 (58%), and urinary prostaglandin E2 (70%) and 6-keto prostaglandin F1 alpha (52%). Despite these differences in prostanoid synthesizing capacity, no differences in blood pressure were observed between the safflower oil-fed rats and rats fed cod liver oil-linseed oil within either the hypertensive or normotensive groups. These results suggest that prostanoids do not play a major role in maintaining blood pressure in established one-kidney, one clip hypertension.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3908315 TI - Angiotensin-producing serum enzyme II. Formation by inhibitor removal and proenzyme activation. AB - A highly active angiotensin-producing enzyme (enzyme II) was obtained from dog serum by acid treatment and fractionation to remove angiotensinase and converting enzyme, separate an inhibitor, and convert an inactive precursor (proenzyme II) to enzyme II. Proenzyme II was found to be converted to enzyme II by an endogenous activating enzyme identified as plasmin. Conversion was also caused by the interaction of bacterial streptokinase with human proactivator, by trypsin, and by an activator formed from liver tissue extract and dog serum. Neither plasma kallikrein nor the labile, human extrinsic tissue-type plasminogen activator induced activation. The inhibitor, which normally blocks the activation of proenzyme II, was unusually stable against high temperatures and extremes of pH, and it was not identical to any of the six known protease inhibitors of serum. Enzyme II was not identical to other angiotensin-producing enzymes such as enzyme I, renin, cathepsin D, pepsin, plasmin, tonin, or cathepsin G. Enzyme II reacted maximally at pH 4.7 and produced up to 2250 ng of angiotensin I/ml serum/hr from the substrate of dog serum (i.e., amounts 3200-fold higher than that produced by endogenous renin of normal dog serum). Since at pH 7.2, angiotensin I formation is still about 30 times higher than that of renin, enzyme II may be physiologically active under some conditions. PMID- 3908316 TI - Cardiovascular and metabolic profile during intervention with urapidil in humans. AB - Increased sympathetic activity or vascular reactivity to norepinephrine or both may play a complementary role in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension. Therefore, blood pressure regulation and metabolic correlates of cardiovascular risk were evaluated in 19 normal subjects and in 13 subjects with essential hypertension receiving placebo and after 4 weeks of intervention with urapidil, an agent that was found experimentally to exert a combined central sympathetic and peripheral alpha-adrenergic receptor inhibition. In hypertensive patients, urapidil normalized the initially low norepinephrine pressor dose (+ 106%), mildly increased basal plasma norepinephrine levels (+36%), and markedly shifted the plasma norepinephrine concentration-blood pressure response curve (p less than 0.01). Blood pressure was decreased (p less than 0.001). In normal subjects, urapidil produced only mild increases in norepinephrine plasma levels (+22%) and norepinephrine pressor dose (+38%) and no change in blood pressure. Body weight, exchangeable sodium, and blood volume were unaltered or increased slightly. Heart rate; plasma epinephrine, renin, angiotensin II, basal aldosterone, and electrolyte levels; plasma clearances of norepinephrine and angiotensin II; pressor effects of angiotensin II; chronotropic responses to isoproterenol or a norepinephrine-induced rise in blood pressure; and urinary prostaglandin F2 alpha excretion, as well as serum lipoprotein fractions and glucose, insulin, and uric acid levels, were not significantly modified by urapidil. Prostaglandin E2 excretion tended to be increased. Aldosterone responsiveness to angiotensin II was increased by urapidil in normal (p less than 0.05) but not in hypertensive subjects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3908317 TI - Effect of antihypertensive treatment on progression of incipient diabetic nephropathy. AB - The aim of the study was to clarify whether antihypertensive treatment with a selective beta blocker would have an effect on the progression rate of kidney disease in patients with incipient diabetic nephropathy. Six male patients with juvenile-onset diabetes with incipient nephropathy (urinary albumin excretion above 15 micrograms/min and total protein excretion below 0.5 g/24 hr) were treated with metoprolol (200 mg daily). At the start of the antihypertensive treatment the mean age was 32 years +/- 4.2 (SD). The patients were followed a mean 5.4 years +/- 3.1 (SD) with repeated measurements of urinary albumin excretion before and during 2.6 years +/- 1.0 (SD) of treatment. The blood pressure was depressed by the treatment (systolic blood pressure from 135 mm Hg +/- 8.6 to 124 mm Hg +/- 6.2, NS; mean blood pressure from 107 mm Hg +/- 7.6 to 97 mm Hg +/- 3.4, 2p less than 0.05; diastolic blood pressure from 93 mm Hg +/- 9.1 to 84 mm Hg +/- 3.6, 2p less than 0.05. Albumin excretion decreased (131.0 micrograms/min X/divided by 2.9 [geometric mean X/divided by tolerance factor] to 56.1 micrograms/min X/divided by 3.7, 2p less than 0.02). The mean yearly increase in urinary albumin excretion before treatment was 18 +/- 17 (mean +/- SD). Albumin excretion decreased during treatment: 17% +/- 15 per year (mean +/- SD, 2p less than 0.02). No changes were seen in glomerular filtration rate or renal plasma flow (149 ml/min +/- 5.8 vs 144 ml/min +/- 11.1, and 516 ml/min +/- 31.0 vs 541 ml/min +/- 68.5 respectively [n = 5]).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3908318 TI - Adverse impact of hypertension on diabetic recipients of transplanted kidneys. AB - The effect of hypertension on patient and allograft survival in 60 diabetic recipients of transplanted kidneys was assessed by retrospective chart analysis. Hypertension was present in 81% of recipients. Of eight of these patients who became normotensive after transplantation, all had functioning allografts and one died. By contrast, persistent hypertension after transplantation was associated with a higher mortality rate (25 of 54, 48%) and loss of kidney graft function (19 of 54, 35%). At a mean of 21 months after transplantation, living hypertensive diabetic recipients had worse renal function (mean serum creatinine of 3.1 mg/dl) than did nonhypertensive recipients (mean serum creatinine of 1.6 mg/dl). It is concluded that hypertension is a significant risk factor for diabetic patients and kidneys after transplantation. PMID- 3908319 TI - Effect of indapamide on blood pressure and glucose tolerance in non-insulin dependent diabetes. AB - Ten hypertensive non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients were treated with the antihypertensive drug indapamide to assess its effect on glucose tolerance over 1 year. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressures fell significantly (p less than 0.001) over the first month of treatment, and no change in plasma glucose or plasma insulin levels during an oral glucose tolerance test occurred at any time. Indapamide is an effective antihypertensive drug and, in contrast to thiazide diuretics, has no adverse effect on glucose tolerance in non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients. PMID- 3908321 TI - Exchangeable sodium and renin in hypertensive diabetic patients with and without nephropathy. AB - The objective of this study was to examine total exchangeable sodium, plasma blood volume, and the status of the renin-angiotensin system in hypertensive diabetic patients with established nephropathy. We also evaluated hypertensive patients with diabetes who were free of clinically apparent nephropathy or other diabetic complications. Total exchangeable sodium (by 24Na dilution) was expressed as percentage predicted. Subjects were studied as inpatients receiving unrestricted sodium intake and in stable metabolic control. Total exchangeable sodium was 100 +/- 2% in controls (n = 42), higher (p less than 0.01) at 108 +/- 2% in normotensive patients with diabetes (n = 30), and higher still (p less than 0.005) in hypertensive patients with diabetic nephropathy (n = 16) 118 +/- 4% (p less than 0.05 vs normotensive diabetics). The value correlated with blood pressure only in diabetics with nephropathy (r = 0.61, p less than 0.01). Plasma renin activity, and blood and plasma volumes were similar in nephropathic diabetics and controls. Hypertensive patients with maturity-onset (type II) diabetes free of nephropathy (n = 18) were compared with nondiabetic controls (n = 16) and normotensive patients with type II diabetes (n = 18) of similar age. Total exchangeable sodium in the controls was 100 +/- 3%, higher (p less than 0.01) in normotensive diabetics at 109 +/- 2%, but not significantly elevated in hypertensive diabetics at 106 +/- 2%. Again, blood and plasma volumes did not differ among the groups. Plasma renin activity was suppressed (p less than 0.01) to a comparable degree in both normotensive and hypertensive patients with type II diabetes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3908320 TI - Pressor factors and responsiveness in hypertension accompanying diabetes mellitus. AB - Hypertension accompanying diabetes mellitus may involve abnormalities in at least two major blood pressure-regulating systems: the body sodium-fluid volume state and cardiovascular reactivity. In metabolically stable nonazotemic diabetes, exchangeable sodium is increased by 10% on average, regardless of age, insulin dependence or nondependence, or the presence or absence of diabetic retinopathy or clinical nephropathy (proteinuria greater than or equal to 0.3 g/24 hr). Possible contributing mechanisms include renal sodium retention and an extravascular shift of fluid and sodium; intracellular accumulation is not excluded. Circulatory volume is normal or low and the total exchangeable sodium/blood volume ratio increased. In hypertensive diabetes, the latter abnormality is particularly pronounced; systolic pressure tended to correlate with exchangeable sodium (r = 0.47, p less than 0.001) and diastolic pressure with the plasma sodium/potassium ratio (r = 0.25, p less than 0.05). Plasma aldosterone, renin, epinephrine, and norepinephrine levels are generally normal or sometimes low in metabolically stable nonazotemic diabetic patients with normal or high blood pressure; the plasma clearance of norepinephrine also appears to be unaltered. The cardiovascular pressor responsiveness to norepinephrine is often exaggerated relative to concomitant plasma concentrations, regardless of age, type of antidiabetic treatment, or presence or absence of diabetic retinopathy, peripheral neuropathy, or high blood pressure. Pressor responsiveness to angiotensin II also may sometimes be increased relative to plasma renin levels. Sodium retention and diabetic vasculopathy of resistance vessels could be important complementary mechanisms of hyperreactivity. In diabetes with mild hypertension, diuretic treatment restored exchangeable sodium, norepinephrine pressor responsiveness, and blood pressure toward normal. Thus sodium retention and cardiovascular hyperreactivity tend to occur even at the normotensive, nonazotemic stage of diabetes and may concomitantly predispose for the frequent development of hypertension in the diabetic population. PMID- 3908322 TI - Effect of exogenous insulin on blood pressure regulation in healthy and diabetic subjects. AB - To define the role of insulin in blood pressure regulation, the hormone's action on renal sodium handling, potassium balance, pressor reactivity, and the release of catecholamines and aldosterone are summarized. Insulin-stimulated renal sodium reabsorption induces expansion of the extracellular volume, increase in cardiac output, and ultimately, hypertension. On the other hand, the insulin-induced shift of potassium into the cell interior is transient and appears to be of little consequence for long-term blood pressure control. Although the release of norepinephrine is stimulated by insulin, a norepinephrine-mediated pressor effect is prevented in healthy men by a simultaneous norepinephrine-antagonistic action of insulin. The latter causes the fall in blood pressure seen after intravenous insulin in patients with autonomic dysfunction who lack the rise in norepinephrine release. Both in healthy and in diabetic men, exogenous insulin does not modify the pressor effect of angiotensin II, although it impairs the secretion of aldosterone during stimulation by supraphysiological doses of angiotensin II. PMID- 3908323 TI - Is insulin the link between hypertension and obesity? AB - Oral glucose tolerance tests with plasma glucose and insulin determinations were performed on 195 patients with impaired glucose tolerance. Patients were divided into three groups according to blood pressure levels: normal, below 140/90 mm Hg; diastolic hypertension, diastolic pressure above 90 mm Hg; and systolic hypertension, systolic pressure above 140 and diastolic pressure below 90 mm Hg. Sex, age, and glucose levels were similar among the groups. By contrast, serum insulin levels were significantly elevated for the patients with diastolic hypertension (p less than 0.01). This difference persisted after correction for body weight. These results suggest a causal relationship between the level of circulating insulin and diastolic blood pressure, and support the concept that hyperinsulinemia may be the common link in the clustering of hypertension, diabetes, and obesity. PMID- 3908324 TI - The relationship of the renin-angiotensin system in type I diabetes to microvascular disease. AB - There are conflicting data on the relationship between diabetes mellitus and its complications and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Much of this relates to the patient populations studied (those with types I and II diabetes) and the definitions of diabetic complications. We studied plasma renin activity and concentration, and factors involved in their control (age, blood pressure, and sodium excretion) in 40 healthy subjects (group 1), 18 patients with type I diabetes without complications (group 2), and 31 with type I diabetes with proliferative retinopathy (group 3). The groups were well matched for age, sex, and body weight, but patients in group 3 had higher supine blood pressures than those in the other two groups (133/78 mm Hg vs 118/74 group 1, p less than 0.01; 120/72 group 2, p less than 0.05). Median plasma renin activity, both supine and erect, was 60 to 120% higher in group 3 than in group 1 (p less than 0.001) and 55 to 75% higher than in group 2 (p less than 0.05). There was good evidence of a fall in both values with increasing age in all three groups. Patients in groups 1 and 2 showed evidence of inverse relationships of both blood pressure and urinary sodium with plasma renin activity/concentration ratio, but these relationships were not apparent in subjects in group 3. There is thus evidence of impaired regulation of renin secretion in persons with type I diabetes with proliferative retinopathy, the commonest form of microvascular disease. This may contribute to the relative hypertension and progression of complications. PMID- 3908325 TI - Gossypol-hypokalaemia interrelationships. AB - Around 1% of 8806 volunteers taking gossypol as a male contraceptive had hypokalaemic paralysis and more had simple hypokalaemia, the direct cause being renal potassium loss. In gossypol takers not showing hypokalaemia, serum potassium levels were within the normal range but were significantly lower than levels in controls. In the majority of patients suffering from gossypol-induced hypokalaemia, recovery was prompt and complete following potassium repletion, but in some men there were recurrent attacks of hypokalaemia during a period of several months to years after cessation of gossypol treatment. The incidence of hypokalaemic paralysis in gossypol takers showed distinct regional differences, being much higher in Nanjing, where the dietary potassium level of the inhabitants was low, than in Taian, where the dietary potassium level was high. In rats fed a low-K fodder, gossypol reduced the intracellular Mg and K concentrations of the skeletal muscle, while in regularly fed rats, this effect of gossypol was not observed. A potassium deficient diet could thus be considered a contributing factor in the development of gossypol-induced hypokalaemia. Potassium deficiency has also been shown to enhance the anti-spermatogenic effect of gossypol. Suggested mechanisms for the development of gossypol-induced hypokalaemia include inhibition of Na-K-ATPase activity, stimulation of prostaglandin biosynthesis, damage to the renal tubule, and modification of membrane transport. PMID- 3908326 TI - Psychology of male infertility--a literature survey. AB - Fifty-three articles on the psychology of male infertility published between 1948 and 1985 are reviewed with respect to theoretical backgrounds, methodological approaches and results suggesting an influence of psychological factors on male fertility. Although the data of most empirical studies are found to be incomplete and inconclusive because of conceptual deficiencies and insufficient methods, there is some evidence for stress responses negatively affecting male fertility. The variety of psychological factors presented in the literature indicates the heterogeneity of psychological involvement in male infertility. In conclusion, goals for future research on psychobiological aspects of male infertility are suggested and methodological criteria are outlined. PMID- 3908327 TI - Use of prostacyclin in extracorporeal circulation. PMID- 3908328 TI - Acquired renal cystic disease and renal adenocarcinoma in long-term dialysis patients. PMID- 3908329 TI - Effect of low oral doses of disopyramide and amiodarone on ventricular and atrial arrhythmias of chagasic patients with advanced myocardial damage. AB - Low-dose (7 mg/kg per day) disopyramide administration to arrhythmic chagasic patients decreased the frequency of ventricular extrasystoles in 4 of 17 patients (24%) and suppressed most complex ventricular arrhythmias in 12 of 15 patients (80%). This assessment was made from 72-h continuous Holter monitoring recorded during the course of this double blind, placebo-controlled randomized crossover study. Seven patients (41%) complained of anticholinergic side effects, but no contractile or conduction system depression was seen. Amiodarone (200 mg) given on a single blind, placebo-controlled basis to 9 of these patients reduced the frequency of ventricular extrasystoles in 6 of 9 patients (67%) and suppressed complex ventricular ectopy in 6 of 7 patients (85%). One patient was unable to tolerate this drug (11%). Both drugs seemed less effective in controlling supraventricular arrhythmias, although disopyramide eliminated paroxysms of supraventricular tachycardia in 9 of 13 (69%) and amiodarone in all 6 patients with this arrhythmia. Amiodarone appears to be a better antiarrhythmic drug for chagasic patients, due to its greater effectiveness and lower incidence of side effects. PMID- 3908330 TI - Postextraction pain relief in children: a clinical trial of liquid analgesics. AB - Our objective was to evaluate the relative efficacies of four liquid analgesics in children, five to twelve years of age, following dental extractions. The analgesics, acetaminophen elixir (240 or 360 mg), acetaminophen with codeine elixir (240 mg and 24 mg, respectively), aluminum ibuprofen suspension (200 mg), and placebo liquid were administered at home, as a single dose, in a randomized double-blind study design. Of the 154 patients enrolled, 45 were evaluated, 39 patients never required medication, 12 were lost to follow-up, and 8 were excluded for other reasons. Aluminum ibuprofen provided significant relief in one half hour compared with placebo. At one hour, both aluminum ibuprofen and acetaminophen with codeine provided significant relief compared with placebo. All three active agents were effective at two hours. The global rating of drug efficacy was statistically superior for aluminum ibuprofen. The majority of patients in all four groups were pain-free after four hours. No adverse reactions were reported during the study. PMID- 3908331 TI - Double blind cross-over clinical trial of acebutolol and propranolol in angina pectoris. AB - Twenty-four patients with classical angina of effort completed this double-blind cross-over clinical trial of acebutolol and propranolol. Both acebutolol (100-400 mg) and propranolol (40-160 mg) three times a day produced a significant reduction in the incidence of anginal attacks, consumption of nitroglycerine tablets and increased exercise tolerance. Both drugs produced mild and tolerable side effects which did not require any reduction of doses of the drugs being used. No change in laboratory parameters assessing the function of the liver, the kidneys and the hemopoietic system was found. The commonly accepted dose ratio of 1:2.5 propranolol and acebutolol, respectively, was found to be true in less than 50% of the patients. Therefore, for optimal effect, the dose of acebutolol should be individualized depending upon the response. PMID- 3908332 TI - Double-blind cross-over clinical trial of acebutolol and propranolol in mild to moderate essential hypertension. AB - Twenty patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension completed this double-blind cross-over randomized clinical trial of propranolol and acebutolol. Acebutolol was found to be as effective and safe as propranolol in lowering the systolic and diastolic blood pressure both in supine as well as in standing positions. However, the difference between the two drugs was not statistically significant. No significant change was produced in serum electrolytes, uric acid, fasting blood sugar with either drug. The accepted dose ratio of 1:2.5 propranolol and acebutolol, respectively, was found to be true only in 50% of the patients. Therefore, for optimal effect, the dose of acebutolol should be individualized depending upon the response. PMID- 3908333 TI - Evaluation of ceftazidime in the treatment of 80 infectious episodes in compromised children. AB - The efficacy of ceftazidime in the treatment of infections in compromised children was evaluated in 80 such episodes occurring in 64 patients with various underlying diseases. Among the patients treated, 9 were newborns with severe neonatal distress, 21 were children with cancer and neutropenia, 8 were surgical patients, 22 had cystic fibrosis and 4 were suffering from meningitis. The following types of infections were treated: 19 bacteriologically documented and 8 possible septicemias (the latter only in newborns and neutropenic cancer patients); 2 severe upper respiratory tract infections in cancer patients; 8 soft tissue or skin infections; 1 cholangitis; 1 pneumonia; 1 osteomyelitis; 1 mediastinitis; 35 infectious exacerbations of underlying pulmonary disease in cystic fibrosis patients; and 4 meningitides. In almost all cases ceftazidime was administered intravenously in combination with an aminoglycoside. In 2 cases it was also given intrathecally or intraventricularly. Bacteriological documentation was achieved in 70 out of 80 episodes. A successful outcome was obtained in 79% of the cases with slight and statistically nonsignificant differences between groups of patients with different etiological patterns in terms of prevalence of gram-positive microorganisms. Tolerance of the treatment was uniformly good, only one patient showing a mild, transient transaminase elevation. PMID- 3908334 TI - U.S. ethnic minorities and drug abuse: an assessment of the science and practice. AB - Despite the disproportionate use of "hard drugs" in certain ethnic minority communities, and the unique patterns of drug abuse in others, many have complained that there remains an absence of attention paid to the special problems of substance abuse by Afro-Americans, American Indians, Asian Americans, and Latinos. Furthermore, no comprehensive review of drug abuse by American ethnic minorities has ever been undertaken. In response to these concerns, an assessment of the current status of the drug abuse field, relative to ethnic minorities, was undertaken. The review included delineation of ethnic-specific problems and the institutional and scientific responses to those concerns. Strategies for addressing inadequacies are proposed. PMID- 3908335 TI - The clinical connection: drugs and crime. AB - The relationship between drugs and crime is examined, with emphasis on the clinical importance of combining treatment with criminal justice authority. Selected studies are reviewed, and the historical importance of the criminal justice system for drug abuse treatment is stressed. Examples are used to depict dilemmas surrounding drugs and crime. PMID- 3908336 TI - Cocaine: an overview of current issues. AB - A period of ascendancy of cocaine use has had implications in matters of science, public health, and national and international politics and has been the subject of numerous reviews. The present paper provides a critical overview concerning use and prevalence, and addresses a range of current issues of interest. Patterns of use, dose, tolerance, sensitization, routes of administration, and hazards of use are considered based on laboratory, epidemiological, and clinical data. Aspects of treatment are discussed. The need for developing a model of drug abuse recognizing pharmacological-neurochemical-behavioral-environmental interactions is noted. Suggestions are made concerning future directions of policy and research. The need to develop scientific goals and public policy vis-a-vis cocaine, and other stimulants, based on a historical perspective as well as current concerns is emphasized. PMID- 3908337 TI - Quitting smoking. AB - Four factors which influence smoking treatment outcome are identified: environmental variables, client characteristics, process variables, and specific treatment approaches. Important environmental factors are stress and social support. Of client characteristics, sex is the best predictor of treatment success. Men are more likely to quit and maintain abstinence than women. However, the majority of women alter their smoking habits during pregnancy. Low-income persons and ethnic minorities are underrepresented among subjects in treatment studies and have larger percentages of smokers in the population at large. Extraverted smokers are more likely to begin to smoke and have difficulty quitting. Also, the more anxious, poorly adjusted smoker has more trouble quitting than the less troubled smoker. The higher the client's sense of self efficacy, the better the chance of that person entering treatment and doing well. Furthermore, smokers who take in lower levels of nicotine are more successful at quitting. Many process questions are suggested. Few have been approached empirically. The effectiveness of ex-smokers as therapists in smoking cessation programs has not been systematically investigated, even though the smoking history of therapists is a question frequently asked by clients. We suggest that the skill and empathy of group leaders is more important than smoking history. Smoking therapists should be aware of nonspecific treatment factors such as positive expectations, social reinforcement, and self-disclosure which may have a powerful influence on the efficacy of smoking treatment. Specific treatment approaches were classified into three categories: low-contact approaches, including educational, self-help, and minimal treatment approaches; psychological treatments; and pharmacological treatment. Education, self-help, and minimal treatment approaches are thought to be accretively effective when the large size of the audience is considered. Also, innovative treatments which address the influence of social support systems and physiological addition are promising treatments for individuals requiring a structured or intensive method of quitting. PMID- 3908338 TI - Methadone maintenance treatment. AB - This paper reviews the world literature on methadone. Methadone has been used in hundreds of thousands of patients, in disparate social, economic, cultural, and geographic situations; it has been evaluated in scores of studies. The large majority of evaluations demonstrate that opioid use, criminality, and general health status are affected positively in many addicts. Smaller gains in job and family functions are noted. Alcoholism and multiple drug use complicate treatment for some addicts. Despite the positive data, public opinion remains negative about this treatment. The use of methadone in withdrawal from opioid dependence and in pregnancy complicated by opioid dependence is discussed. PMID- 3908339 TI - The therapeutic community: status and evolution. AB - This paper depicts the current status of the North American TC drawn from research and practical experience. The history, model, and perspective of the TC are briefly outlined and key research findings reviewed. Implications for further research and clinical issues are discussed, as are broader considerations concerning the future of TCs. PMID- 3908340 TI - Psychotherapy/counseling for opiate addicts: strategies for use in different treatment settings. AB - The authors review evidence from outcome studies of psychotherapy for opiate addicts and make recommendations regarding the use of psychotherapy on the basis of the findings. The place of psychotherapy is evaluated for three types of treatment settings: outpatient drug-free treatment, narcotic antagonist treatment, and methadone maintenance. The heterogeneity of opiate addicts is emphasized, as is the need for multidimensional assessment of clients in order to maximize the effectiveness of psychotherapies offered. In each of the treatment settings evaluated, psychotherapy appears to be most promising for a subgroup of those seen. For outpatient drug-free treatment, psychotherapy appears to be most useful for the new client with no treatment history, the successful client graduating from a more intensive program, the client who has temporarily relapsed, and the client leaving jail or a hospital. In a narcotic antagonist program, psychotherapy appears to be most useful for clients entering the program from illicit heroin use and not for those switching from methadone maintenance to a narcotic antagonist program. Moreover, in the maintenance phase of the program, preliminary evidence suggests the value of family therapy for aiding treatment retention. Regarding psychotherapy in the context of a methadone maintenance program, it appears to be best reserved for those addicts who present to treatment with relatively severe levels of psychiatric symptoms. PMID- 3908341 TI - Family systems and family therapy of substance abuse: an overview of two decades of research and clinical experience. AB - Substantial recent progress has been made in the study of family systems and in the field of family therapy. The gradual application of these new technologies to the field of substance abuse is discussed. A shift has occurred toward quantitative assessment of the three generational systems of the substance abuser as well as inclusion of that entire system in the family therapy. Family therapy treatment methods have been developed to motivate substance abusers, detoxify them, and work with the family when the identified patient is not involved in treatment and to restructure the entire family. The field of family therapy evaluation is in its infancy but plans are underway for elaborate scientific investigation of efficacy. PMID- 3908342 TI - Treatment of adolescent drug abusers. AB - Adolescent drug abuse is acknowledged to be a major national problem, yet little is known about adolescent drug treatment programs and their effectiveness. There is, however, a growing body of knowledge on the correlates of adolescent drug use and the kinds of problems presented by adolescents entering treatment. The problems are complex (e.g., involved family situations, multiple drug use patterns, psychological and socioeconomic factors, and the challenge of the adolescent phase of development), and the resources are scarce. Some modest attempts have been made to analyze existing data sets and to evaluate promising treatment approaches and models directed to adolescent drug abusers, and the findings are encouraging. More needs to be done in terms of developing, testing, and evaluating treatment approaches for adolescent substance abusers. PMID- 3908343 TI - Female clients in substance abuse treatment. AB - This paper reviews recent research on sex differences in the nature of alcohol and drug problems, use of treatment services, and the role of treatment and extratreatment factors in influencing these problems. Although patterns of use are different for men and women, responses to traditional treatment programs have not been different. Research suggests that programs providing ancillary services designed to meet the particular needs of women, such as child care, and those involving other family members and significant others hold the greatest promise for women with drug and alcohol problems. PMID- 3908344 TI - Effect of saikosaponin derivatives upon the immune response against T-dependent and T-independent antigens in mice. AB - Effect of water soluble extracts and purified derivatives from the root of the plant Bupletum falcatum L. upon the immune response of BALB/c mice was investigated using heterologous erythrocytes and bacterial lipopolysaccharide. This Chinese Medicine is famous for its reputed anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and other biological activities, and has been widely used alone or in a complexed form since ancient times in Oriental Countries. The effect on immune responsiveness of this drug was judged by the measurement of antibody secreting cells causing localized hemolysis in agar gel. The purified derivatives, Saikosaponin (SS) a and d, suppressed anti-SRBC plaque-forming cells (PFC), but the other derivatives, b1 and b2 and c, did not. Moreover, derivatives a and d also enhanced anti-LPS PFC. From experiments establishing minimum effective doses for anti-SRBC PFC in mice, one mg/kg was optimum for BALB/c mice. The effect of the drug on antibody formation against heterologous erythrocytes was nonspecific because treated mice had greatly depressed PFC responses against both sheep and rabbit erythrocytes. The phenotypic effect of this drug as judged by PFC against T-dependent or T-independent antigen was not identified. However, it was suggested that the purified derivatives SSa and d stimulated both T- and B-cells. The possible mechanism of effect against immunocompotent cells is discussed. PMID- 3908345 TI - 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)-induced immunotoxicity. AB - The selective toxicity of TCDD (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin) for the thymus, consisting primarily of immature T-cells, led us to search for an analogous selective toxicity for the immature B-lymphocytes in the bone marrow. In the dose-response study C57B1/6 male mice were injected with either vehicle alone (corn oil), 30, 60, or 120 micrograms/kg of TCDD i.p. The mice were killed by cervical dislocation 7 days later. In the time-response study, mice were injected with either saline or 120 micrograms/kg i.p. TCDD, 3, 7, 14, or 21 days before killing. In both studies, the following were analyzed: change in body weight, thymus weight, spleen and bone marrow cellularity, and spleen and marrow B-lymphocyte function, measured using the in vitro B-lymphocyte colony forming unit in culture assay, with the mitogen lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Salmonella typhosa, and the in vitro plaque forming cell assay, with the thymus independent antigen, TNP-LPS. In the dose-response study there was a reduction in thymic weight, spleen B-cell functional response (per spleen), and bone marrow B-cell functional response to 14%, 35-54%, and 20-32% of control, respectively, at a dosage of 120 micrograms/kg. In the time-response study, thymic weight and bone marrow B-cell functional response (per femur) were reduced to 6% and 18% of control, respectively, at day 21. The results indicate that TCDD was selectively more toxic to the immature B-cells in the bone marrow than the more mature B cells in the spleen. This immunotoxicity was dose-dependent. PMID- 3908346 TI - Influence of serotonin on lymphokine secretion in vitro. AB - It was found that serotonin can induce the secretion of a chemotactic activity for polymorphonuclear granulocytes and the secretion of charge-changing in in lymphocyte cultures derived from guinea pigs and mice. The serotonin antagonists methysergide, pizotiphen, cyproheptadine and ketanserin inhibited the secretion of the serotonin-elicited factors, whereas the histamine-type 2 antagonist metiamide had no inhibitory effect. Moreover, the production of Concanavalin A induced lymphokines (migration inhibition factor for macrophages, chemotactic factor for polymorphonuclear granulocytes and for thymocytes, charge-changing lymphokines) was suppressed in the presence of serotonin in the lymphocyte cultures. The fractionation of the supernatants derived from the serotonin stimulated lymphocytes revealed that serotonin produced an activity with a molecular weight of 40 kDa in the presence of which the Con A-elicited response was completely inhibited. These findings support the regulatory role of serotonin with respect to immune reactions. PMID- 3908347 TI - Medicine as social science: Rudolf Virchow on the typhus epidemic in Upper Silesia. AB - Rudolf Virchow's Report on the 1848 typhus epidemic is one of the neglected classics of "social medicine"--a term he did much to popularize. His analysis of the epidemic emphasized the economic, social, and cultural factors involved in its etiology, and clearly identified the contradictory social forces that prevented any simple solution. Instead of recommending medical changes (i.e., more doctors or hospitals), he outlined a revolutionary program of social reconstruction; including full employment, higher wages, the establishment of agricultural cooperatives, universal education, and the disestablishment of the Catholic Church. This article includes the first English translation of these long-term recommendations. It also locates Virchow's Report within the context of the Medical Reform Movement of 1848 and traces his influence on the subsequent development of social medicine. Parallels are drawn between Virchow's attempts to reform health care and current developments in the political economy of health. PMID- 3908348 TI - The dismantling of US health and safety regulations under the first Reagan administration: a bibliography. PMID- 3908350 TI - Metabolic implications during a 20-km run after heart transplantation. AB - The aim of the present study was to evaluate a heart transplanted patient who ran a 20-km race 9 months after surgery. Thirty-six healthy male subjects were studied during the same run and served as control group. Biochemical variables were determined in blood and urine samples collected before and after the race. Post-exercise blood urea increased by 23% (P less than 0.05) in the control group but remained unchanged in the patient. Blood lactate increased far more in the transplanted patient (7.07 mmol/L) than in the control subjects (2.53 mmol/L). The exercise induced a 5.46- and 0.67-fold increase in creatine phosphokinase activity in the transplanted patient and control group, respectively. The creatinine and urea urinary excretion and clearance decreased by 40%-60% after exercise for all subjects. It may be concluded that the heart transplanted patient responded for most registered variables in the same way as normal subjects, but some differences occurred on the renal side due to the use of an immunosuppressive drug. PMID- 3908349 TI - Health personnel training in the Nicaraguan health system. AB - The "Unified National Health System" of Nicaragua was established in 1979, in an attempt to transform some of Latin America's worst health indices. This system, based on the stated principles of planning, regionalization, public participation, and primary care, has prioritized the development of health professions training programs appropriate to its special needs and principles. Public Health and Epidemiology training was inaugurated in 1982. A new campus of the School of Medicine was opened in 1981, increasing the number of medical students by a factor of five. Formal residency training (never before available within the country) in primary care specialties has been established. Training for allied health personnel has been formalized in several fields, with the establishment of the Polytechnical Institute of Health. The rapid increase in number and size of training programs has created a tremendous need for educational resources both human and material. This article reviews the status of health personnel training in Nicaragua today, the integration of these programs into planning for the health system, and problems arising from their rapid appearance. PMID- 3908351 TI - Relationship between insulin resistance, insulin secretion and insulin metabolism in simple obesity. AB - The study was designed to evaluate whether the correlation occurring in simple obesity between insulin resistance and peripheral hyperinsulinemia corresponds to a relationship between insulin resistance and insulin overproduction by the pancreas. In addition, the study investigated the relation existing in simple obesity between insulin resistance and insulin metabolism. For these purposes, we measured and correlated: (1) insulin sensitivity, estimated by glucose disappearance rate from plasma after intravenous insulin injection; (2) insulin secretion by the pancreas, estimated by fasting C-peptide levels in peripheral blood; (3) insulin metabolism, estimated by means of C-peptide: insulin molar ratio in peripheral blood. Twenty-five subjects (20 females, five males) aged 21 to 59 years were studied. All were obese and had a normal glucose tolerance. Glucose disappearance rate from plasma after i.v. insulin injection averaged 3.65 +/- 0.42 mg/dl/min (mean +/- s.e.m.). Fasting C-peptide was 0.90 +/- 0.09 nmol/l. Fasting C-peptide: insulin molar ratio averaged 5.94 +/- 0.48. Negative correlations were found between glucose disappearance rates after i.v. insulin injection, ie, insulin sensitivity, and fasting concentrations of both insulin (r = -0.806, P less than 0.001) and C-peptide (r = -0.525, P less than 0.01). A positive relationship was found between glucose disappearance rate from plasma after i.v. insulin injection and fasting C-peptide: insulin molar ratio, ie, insulin metabolism (r = 0.707, P less than 0.001). We conclude that in simple obesity insulin overproduction by the pancreas is negatively related to insulin resistance, and insulin resistance and impaired insulin metabolism are strictly related phenomena. PMID- 3908352 TI - A controlled trial of naltrexone in obese humans. AB - Based on reports that opiate antagonists can curtail short-term eating in several species including humans, the efficacy of naltrexone in promoting weight loss by obese subjects was examined. Naltrexone, a long-acting oral opiate antagonist, was studied in a randomized parallel double-blind placebo controlled ten week trial in 27 females and 14 males who were 30-100 percent overweight. Subjects on naltrexone lost an average of 1.8 kg and placebo subjects lost 1.5 kg, with no significant difference between groups. Three subjects who took naltrexone had elevations of liver transaminases, two times higher than normal. In the present study naltrexone at a daily dosage of 200 mg did not appear to have efficacy in producing weight loss after eight weeks of treatment. Studies of the effects of naltrexone at higher dosage or for longer periods should monitor hepatic function. PMID- 3908353 TI - Stressful life events: a preventive approach. PMID- 3908354 TI - The zoonoses. PMID- 3908355 TI - Rabies virus in different segments of brain and spinal cord of naturally and experimentally infected dogs. AB - In order to determine the presence of rabies virus in different segments of Central nervous system (CNS) of rabid animals, 31 naturally infected dogs and 6 experimentally injected ones by masseter inoculation were studied by means of Fluorescent Antibody (FA) technique and mouse intracerebral inoculation (MI) test. In the naturally infected group, the positivity by FA technique was 100.0% for the segments of Ammon's horn, cerebellum, bulb and for cervical, lumbar and sacral cord and 96.7%; for thoracic cord. Mouse inoculation test of corresponding materials was 100.0% positive for Ammon's horn, cerebellum, bulb and lumbar cord; 96.7% for cervical cord; and 93.5% for sacral cord. All examined segments of experimentally infected animals were 100.0% positive for both FA and MI tests. No clear-cut relationship could be found between the site of virus inoculation and the presence of the virus in the spinal cord. The results presented in this paper corroborate previous suggestions for the use of the spinal cord as one of the alternative laboratory diagnostic specimens for the canine rabies diagnosis. PMID- 3908357 TI - Dissociated vertical deviation. PMID- 3908356 TI - Coagulase-negative staphylococci in blood cultures: the clinician's dilemma. PMID- 3908358 TI - Management of reoperations in strabismus surgery. PMID- 3908360 TI - The posterior fixation procedure: mechanism and indications. PMID- 3908359 TI - Complications following strabismus surgery. PMID- 3908361 TI - The adjustable suture technique in strabismus surgery. PMID- 3908362 TI - Morphological aspects of plasma protein synthesis and secretion by the hepatic cells. PMID- 3908363 TI - How the malaria parasite invades its host cell, the erythrocyte. PMID- 3908364 TI - Human genome structure. PMID- 3908365 TI - [100 years of viral hepatitis research]. PMID- 3908366 TI - [Biology of hepatitis B virus: molecular analyses and clinical relevance]. PMID- 3908367 TI - [Delta hepatitis]. PMID- 3908368 TI - [Decrease of antithrombin III and factor Xa inhibitor as the cause of thromboembolism complications in chronic inflammatory intestinal disease]. PMID- 3908369 TI - [A long-term treatable diarrheal disease in a 70-year-old patient]. PMID- 3908371 TI - [Retroperitoneal and mediastinal fibrosis with obstruction of the superior and inferior vena cavae]. PMID- 3908370 TI - [Cytostatic combination therapy in a pregnant patient with acute lymphatic leukemia]. PMID- 3908372 TI - [Informed consent for endoscopy, premedication and data storage]. PMID- 3908373 TI - [Endoscopic therapy of colorectal tumors]. PMID- 3908374 TI - [Endoscopic microsurgery in broad-base rectal adenoma]. PMID- 3908375 TI - [Apolipoprotein E polymorphism, hyperlipidemia and risk of myocardial infarct]. PMID- 3908376 TI - [Stress dyspnea in a 56-year-old man]. PMID- 3908377 TI - [Bilateral testicular tumors in a 21-year-old patient with congenital adrenogenital syndrome]. PMID- 3908378 TI - [Late recurrence of Wegener disease]. PMID- 3908379 TI - [Chronic diarrhea in an Arab patient with acquired immuno-deficiency syndrome (AIDS)]. PMID- 3908380 TI - [Life-threatening interaction between azathioprine and allopurinol]. PMID- 3908381 TI - [54-year-old patient with severe dyspnea 6 months after the implantation of a peritoneovenous shunt]. PMID- 3908382 TI - Liver transplantation. PMID- 3908383 TI - The detection of cardiac allograft rejection by alterations in proton NMR relaxation times. AB - The ability of proton NMR relaxation times to detect cardiac allograft rejection was studied in an inbred rat heterotopic cardiac transplantation model. Hearts from 25 Lewis X Brown Norway F1 hybrid rats were anastomosed to the abdominal aorta and vena cava of Lewis recipients; 25 Lewis donor hearts served as isograft controls. Groups of five allografts and five isografts were harvested daily between two and six days post-transplant. The relaxation times T1 and T2 of the transplanted hearts were determined in vitro with a 10 MHz spectrometer. T1 and T2 values in allografts did not differ significantly from those in isografts at days 2 and 3 post-transplant. However, at days 4, 5, and 6 T1 and T2 of the allografts were significantly prolonged. This finding correlated with an elevation in tissue water content and the onset of rejection as determined histologically. An additional 21 allografts, treated with cyclosporine, were studied in the same way from four to more than 100 days post-transplant. T1 and T2 values of these treated allografts did not change significantly during the observation period and were similar to the relaxation values obtained in the isografts at days 2 to 6. These data suggest that serial measurements of myocardial T1 and T2 may be useful in detecting acute cardiac allograft rejection and monitoring the effect of antirejection treatment. PMID- 3908384 TI - Intravenous ionic contrast media cause local prostacyclin release in man. AB - The effect of intravenous administration of ionic contrast media on local release of prostacyclin (PGI2) was investigated in man. Iodamide and ioxaglate, high- and low-osmolality contrast media, respectively, both significantly increased PGI2 levels at the site of injection. Iodamide was the most active, whereas an identical volume of isotonic saline had no effect. This study suggests that local formation of PGI2 may adequately reflect the degree of endothelial irritation that is caused by contrast media and that depends in part on their osmolality. PMID- 3908385 TI - Analog image recording using a laser printer and paper system. AB - This article describes a method for generating gray scale analog hard copy images on ordinary paper using a laser printer system. Operation of the computer controlled laser printer is described. The cost of the laser printer/paper technology is estimated and compared with the cost of multiformat camera/conventional film systems. Results of an initial clinical evaluation of laser printed paper images are presented. PMID- 3908386 TI - Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Principles and instrumentation. AB - SPECT systems have successfully imaged most major organ systems within the body in conjunction with conventional radiopharmaceuticals. SPECT imaging provides a new three-dimensional perspective with improved lesion detectability resulting from the elimination of overlying and underlying source activity. High-quality, artifact-free images have been obtained from both scanner and camera-based SPECT systems. Novel geometries are currently being investigated to improve system performance. It is anticipated that new developments in instrumentation and radiopharmaceuticals will result in the increased use of SPECT to noninvasively measure important physiologic processes. PMID- 3908387 TI - Digital radiographic evaluation of the bile ducts. AB - This study compares digital radiographic images of the bile ducts in dogs with images obtained using routine radiography. The dogs were infused with iodipamide (2 ml/minute for 30 minutes), and the bile ducts were imaged at 60 minutes using plain radiograph and five digital techniques: (1) dual-energy, (2) DSA-hybrid prepixel shift, (3) DSA-hybrid postpixel shift, (4) a dual-energy film system- Digirad, and (5) scan projection radiography using hybrid subtraction. Six radiologists who were not familiar with digital radiography evaluated the six different studies. The images were presented in a randomized order and each image was evaluated on a five-point scale. There was no difference between the plain radiographs and the dual-energy images. Both of these studies were rated significantly better (P less than .001) than the other four digital images. These results suggest that digital radiography during direct cholangiography may be easily accomplished using a 10% to 15% iodine solution. PMID- 3908388 TI - The effects of diltiazem and captopril on glycerol-induced acute renal failure in the rat. Functional, pathologic, and microangiographic studies. AB - To evaluate the effects of pharmacologic vasodilatation on glycerol-induced acute renal failure, we studied untreated animals and those given Captopril and Diltiazem at periods ranging from 30 minutes to four weeks after the onset of acute renal failure. At each time frame, comparative coded assessments of renal function, histology, and microangiography were performed. Diltiazem, a calcium channel blocker, significantly reduced the severity of the renal failure, decreased the extent of tubular cell necrosis, and was associated with a more rapid histologic and functional recovery. Captopril, an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, did not influence renal function or pathology throughout the four-week observation period. Microangiography revealed marked differences among the experimental groups. Most notably, there was better visualization of the microvasculature in Diltiazem-treated kidneys at one and two weeks. However, at four weeks, all groups showed similar, severe microangiographic abnormalities. Diltiazem offers significant protection against glycerol-induced acute renal failure in rats. Its mechanism of action in this context remains unknown. Renal function and pathology do not correlate well with microangiographic perfusion patterns in this model of acute renal failure. PMID- 3908389 TI - Dual-energy scanned projection radiography of osseous metastatic disease. AB - Dual-energy scanned projection radiography was used to evaluate eight patients with both lytic and blastic metastatic disease in the axial skeleton. The ability to selectively cancel obscuring soft-tissue structures from images resulted in improved conspicuity of involved sites, compared with conventional radiographic studies, despite greater quantum noise and lower inherent spatial resolution. Other desirable features of the technique include a projected format, image enhancement by contrast and brightness optimization, rapid data acquisition, convenient image storage and retrieval, and low radiation dose. Since the majority of osseous metastases involve axial sites, dual-energy scanned projection radiography may be a useful adjunctive modality in the management of oncology patients. PMID- 3908390 TI - Cytoplasmic (but not nuclear) hepatitis B virus (HBV) core antigen reflects HBV DNA synthesis at the level of the infected hepatocyte. AB - Hepatitis B virus (HBV) core antigen (HBcAg) detected by the peroxidase antiperoxidase technique was present in the nucleus and cytoplasm of some infected hepatocytes but only in the cytoplasm of other hepatocytes. When cells expressing HBcAg were examined by in situ hybridization for the presence of HBV DNA, the intracellular level of cytoplasmic HBV replicative intermediate DNA correlated with the level of cytoplasmic HBcAg, but not with the presence or absence of nuclear HBcAg. This suggests that nuclear HBcAg may not be directly involved in hepadnavirus replication. PMID- 3908391 TI - St. Vincent's Hospital: origins and early development. PMID- 3908392 TI - Biographical sketches--58. Andrews. PMID- 3908393 TI - Comments on the Warnock Report on human fertilization and embryology. PMID- 3908394 TI - "Crime, madness, and politics in modern France: the medical concept of national decline." By Robert A. Nye. Essay review. PMID- 3908395 TI - Excretion of 3-methylhistidine in nonobese fasting subjects. AB - The metabolic response to different periods of fasting, ranging from 3 to 7 days, was studied in eight nonobese subjects. Blood ketones rose progressively to 5.07 nmol/l with the prolongation of the fast. The concentrations of glucose and alanine decreased significantly. Valine and leucine rose during fasting but the rise was not statistically significant. Serum triiodothyronine (T3) and insulin decreased, while the urinary excretion of 17-hydroxycorticosteroids (OHCS) doubled. Urea nitrogen decreased in those who fasted 5 to 7 days. Total urinary nitrogen excretion did not change significantly. Excretion of 3-methylhistidine (3-MH) rose during fasting and in some subjects more than doubled when compared with the fed state. The discrepancy between the loss of body protein (calculated by comparing excretion of urinary nitrogen) and the loss of muscle protein (calculated from the excretion of 3-MH) suggests a high rate of recycling of nitrogen during fasting in our subjects. PMID- 3908397 TI - Deterioration in renal function in patients with chronic renal failure after treatment with captopril. AB - Acute reversible renal failure has been reported in patients receiving captopril, especially those with unilateral or bilateral renal artery stenosis. Two patients with advanced renal disease presented with an acute deterioration in renal function after the introduction of captopril treatment. In both instances this deterioration was irreversible. Captopril should be used with caution in patients with advanced renal disease. PMID- 3908396 TI - Comparison of metabolic and psychological parameters during continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion and intensified conventional insulin treatment in type I diabetic patients. AB - Two methods of insulin treatment--intensified conventional therapy (ICT) of three to four daily injections and continuous s.c. insulin infusion (CSII)--were compared in nine patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (mean age +/- SD 29.4 +/- 5.6 years; duration of diabetes 14.6 +/- 2.9 years). Patients followed each regimen for 3 to 4 months. Under both regimens hemoglobin A1 (HbA1) levels were lower than those recorded previously, but under CSII the mean HbA1 and glucose levels were significantly lower than under ICT (7.8 +/- 0.1 vs. 8.9 +/- 0.2% for HbA1 and 136 +/- 40 vs. 155 +/- 60 mg/dl for blood glucose, P less than 0.001). There was no difference in the frequency of blood glucose levels less than 60 mg/dl, but under CSII hypoglycemic symptoms appeared at lower glucose levels. There was no marked difference between the two regimens regarding scores for depression and anxiety and other psychological parameters, but patients who chose to continue treatment with CSII following completion of the study had previously manifested a significantly higher degree of distress symptoms, which had been reduced during the study. CSII was preferred by some patients because of the superior metabolic control achieved and the greater flexibility in time and size of meals permitted, but was rejected by others because of technical failures and bulkiness of the device. It is concluded that metabolic control can be improved by either regimen, but external pumps must be further miniaturized and technical failures eliminated before CSIII is acceptable to larger numbers of patients. PMID- 3908398 TI - Relative potencies of human and pork insulin during i.v. and oral glucose tolerance test in lean and obese persons. AB - The biological efficacy of biosynthetic human insulin (BHI) of recombinant DNA origin was compared with that of highly purified pork insulin in subjects with normal (lean persons) and decreased (obese persons) sensitivity to insulin. Sequential i.v. administration of glucose with increasing insulin doses under somatostatin coverage was used to establish the dose-response characteristics of insulin-induced glucose clearance [insulin vs. Kg (glucose disappearance rate, %/min). Insulin was also given s.c. prior to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) performed under somatostatin blockade; the appearance of insulin in serum and the modification of glucose levels were followed. The insulin vs. Kg dose response curve was flatter and shifted to the right in obese persons compared with lean persons, demonstrating insulin resistance. In both lean and obese subjects, BHI and pork insulin had comparable effects on glucose clearance. Similarly, the effect of s.c. insulin on the serum glucose values during OGTT was the same when BHI or pork insulin were used. The absorption characteristics from the injection site were similar for both insulins. Thus, in man, human and pork insulin have similar pharmacokinetic and biological characteristics. PMID- 3908399 TI - Rejection-related nephrotic syndrome associated with massive antiglomerular and antitubular basement membrane deposits. AB - A patient with end-stage renal disease due to nephronophthisis developed nephrotic syndrome following renal transplantation. Renal biopsy revealed rejection glomerulopathy with massive linear deposition of immunoglobulin (Ig) G and complement C3 along the glomerular and tubular basement membranes. The association of nephrotic syndrome with linear deposition of Ig is rare in chronic rejection of kidney allografts. The nephrotic syndrome in this case responded to treatment with plasmapheresis. PMID- 3908400 TI - Migraine and cluster headache treatment with calcium antagonists supports a vascular pathogenesis. PMID- 3908401 TI - Comparative efficacy of calcium antagonist drugs in the prophylaxis of migraine. PMID- 3908402 TI - Menstrual migraine and other hormonal aspects of migraine. PMID- 3908404 TI - [In memory of Oscar Gans 1888-1983]. PMID- 3908403 TI - [Therapy of melanin-induced pigment anomalies]. AB - In the present report, our clinical experience with the treatment of hypermelanotic skin lesions is discussed, and the results of using a stable cream containing hydroquinone, hydrocortisone and retinoic acid are presented. PMID- 3908405 TI - [40th anniversary of the death of Leo Hauck on 1 November 1985]. PMID- 3908406 TI - Whole-body biological elimination rates of gamma-emitting radionuclides in captive meadow voles, Microtus pennsylvanicus. AB - The retention of 14 radionuclides was examined in meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus) maintained under laboratory conditions. Individuals were monitored by whole-body gamma spectroscopy for up to 62 days following intraperitoneal injection with single radionuclides. One- and two-compartment exponential retention curves were fit to the data using nonlinear least-squares regression techniques. Slow-component biological half-lives in meadow voles were determined to be 346.6 days (46Sc), 31.5 days (51Cr), 49.5 days (54Mn), 115.5 days (59Fe), 3.4 days (58Co), 3.5 days (60Co), 57.8 days (65Zn), 26.7 days (75Se), 33 days (85Sr), 6.4 days (86Rb), 231 days (88Y), 30.1 days (95Nb), 99 days (110mAg), and 1.9 days (125Sb). No significant relationship was found between biological half-life and weight, season or amount injected for any of the radionuclides. The considerable variation in half-life values for each radionuclide was thought to be due to a number of behavioral and physiological variables. Problems in comparing the results to those of other experiments, and in extending them to field conditions, are discussed. PMID- 3908407 TI - Differentiated thyroid cancer in children. AB - Differentiated thyroid cancer in children remains a controversial disease entity. Its incidence has markedly declined over the last decade since the use of radiotherapy in the treatment of benign conditions of the head, neck, and thorax was abandoned. Other etiologic factors have become relatively more important. The clinical presentation of childhood thyroid cancer is similar to that found in adults, except for a higher frequency of local and distant metastases at the time of initial diagnosis. The specificity and sensitivity of diagnostic tests are limited; however, like in adults, fine-needle aspiration compares favorably with other available diagnostic methods. The therapeutic approach to a child with thyroid cancer represents the most controversial issue associated with the disease. This review provides a discussion of the rationale for the different therapeutic options and emphasizes the excellent prognosis and survival rates, especially when patients are subjected to aggressive treatment with total thyroidectomy followed by the administration of radioactive iodine. PMID- 3908408 TI - Assessment of clinical manifestations of cyanotic and acyanotic heart disease in infants and children. PMID- 3908409 TI - Hair zinc in children: its uses, limitations and relationship to plasma zinc and anthropometry. PMID- 3908410 TI - Immunocytochemical localization of aromatase in rat testis. AB - The immunocytochemical localization of aromatase in the testes of young and adult rats was investigated by an indirect-immunofluorescent method using antihuman placental aromatase-II cytochrome P-450 antibody. In both young (1 and 2 weeks old) and adult rats, only the Leydig cells in the interstitial tissue showed a positive immunoreaction for aromatase, while the germ cells and Sertoli cells in the seminiferous tubule were entirely negative. In addition, electron microscopy revealed that the Leydig cells in the testes of young as well as adult rats have a well-developed smooth endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria with tubulovesicular cristae, and a few lipid droplets, these structures being characteristic of steroid secretory cells. On the basis of these results, we suggest that estrogens are mainly synthesized in Leydig cells of the testes. PMID- 3908412 TI - [Yeast fungus flora in tumor irradiation of the upper aerodigestive tract]. AB - The microflora of the oral cavity and pharynx were examined in 28 patients undergoing radiotherapy for cancer of the upper aerodigestive tract. We found no correlation between yeast flora and mucositis: early mucositis occurred between 10 and 20 gy. independent of the concentration of yeast. During radiotherapy the number of patients with detectable yeasts rose from 12 to 22 of the 28. There was a tenfold increase of mean values for yeasts during irradiation, whereas the normal flora (eg. streptococci) remained unchanged. The value of an antifungal local therapy for the prevention of yeast-induced complications is discussed. PMID- 3908411 TI - Evidence for presence of kynurenine in lung and brain of neonate hamsters. AB - Using immunocytochemical techniques, we report here direct evidence of kynurenine (Kyn) presence and localization in the lung and brain. Kyn is a metabolite of tryptophan and 5-hydroxytryptophan, produced by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). Whereas IDO has been quantitated in tissues from lung, brain, and other organs, Kyn has only been identified in brain (by HPLC), and its specific localization has not been determined. We reacted alternate serial paraffin sections with antisera raised in rabbits against a L-Kyn-albumin conjugate, and with anti-5HT (serotonin, 5-hydroxytryptamine), using the PAP method. Kyn-like immunoreactivity in the lung was specifically localized to cells of the bronchiolar epithelium resembling basal cells. Taller epithelial cells in the bronchi and dorsal trachea were likewise positive whereas neuroepithelial bodies were negative. Immunoreactivity in the brain was typically localized to cells localized in the ependyma of the walls of all ventricles, and to nerve fibers. The cellular Kyn-like reactivity was totally separate from that of anti-5HT, the latter uniquely staining argyrophil lung neuroendocrine cells and raphae neurons of the brain. Our findings suggest a route of tryptophan metabolism in the lung and brain alternate to the common pathway leading to 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid via 5-HT. This route is of physiologic and pathologic significance as many metabolites are pharmacologically active. PMID- 3908414 TI - Outcome of renal transplantation following a positive cross-match with historical sera: the ASHI survey. AB - Analysis of retrospective data, obtained on 216 patients from 27 centers transplanted across some form of positive lymphocyte cross-match in a noncurrent serum, revealed that actuarial 1-yr graft survival was 69% in first transplants and 53% in recipients of second or subsequent transplants. Graft outcome did not correlate with peak antibody levels, change in antibody from peak to current, remoteness in time of the most recent positive serum, the number or timing of sera cross-matched, the technique or target cell cross-matched, or the degree of positivity of the most recent positive serum. Although a concurrent control population was not available, these results support the concept that acceptable graft survival can be achieved despite a positive cross-match with noncurrent sera. PMID- 3908413 TI - [High-resolution real-time sonography in salivary gland diseases. I: Inflammatory diseases]. AB - 130 patients with suspected inflammation or tumors of the major salivary glands were examined by high resolution real-time sonography (7 MHz). Characteristic changes of the glandular echomorphology were found in 42 out of 46 cases with acute sialadenitis (91%). These were swelling of the gland, nonhomogenicity of the parenchymal texture and decrease of the glandular echogenicity. Intra- or extraglandular dilatation of the major duct or ductal segments were further findings in obstructive sialadenitis, particularly when associated with sialolithiasis. Ultrasound disclosed salivary stones in 5 of 5 parotid calculi and in 9 of 14 submandibular calculi with no false positive result. High resolution real-time sonography of the salivary glands has proven to be of great diagnostic value in supplementing the clinical findings. PMID- 3908415 TI - Graves' disease in association with pernicious anemia: report of a case and review of the literature. PMID- 3908416 TI - Enterococcal endocarditis in association with cancer of the colon: report of a case and review of the literature. PMID- 3908418 TI - Survival, psychoanalysis and the Third Reich. PMID- 3908417 TI - Use of Health Hazard Appraisal in counseling for reduction of risk factors. PMID- 3908420 TI - Let myth of amended insulin/glucose ratio die. PMID- 3908419 TI - Psychoanalysis during the Nazi regime. PMID- 3908421 TI - Toxoplasmosis in a feral northern fur seal. PMID- 3908422 TI - Abruptio placentae in a lion-tailed macaque. PMID- 3908423 TI - Sheet preparations of the stratum granulosum from mammalian skin and oral epithelium. AB - Acetic acid has been used to obtain sheet preparations of the stratum granulosum from epidermis and oral epithelium of mouse, rat, hamster and man. Clear differences exist in the appearance of nuclei and keratohyalin granules and in the extent of cell overlapping. In the ventral surface of mouse tongue, the number of granular cells in a sheet preparation is relatively constant (average +/- S.D. = 1633 +/- 160/mm2). Cell suspensions show a greater variation in the area and maximum diameter of the cells in ventral tongue compared to mouse ear epidermis. As might be expected, this is reflected in the pattern of stacking of suprabasal cells into discrete columns in ear, but not in ventral tongue epithelium. The ratio of granular to basal cells for different sites and species is fairly constant, with an average of approximately 10:1. The pattern of nuclear breakdown can be followed, beginning in the middle of the nucleus and gradually extending outwards, often in an irregular manner until the entire nucleus is removed. PMID- 3908424 TI - The effect of section thickness and embedding media on the observed S-phase labelling index of artificially selected cell populations from neonatal mouse liver and spleen. AB - Following an intraperitoneal injection of tritiated thymidine to neonatal mice, livers and spleens were removed and their labelling indices were derived autoradiographically. This was done in a number of ways: (1) from tissue imprints on gelatinised glass slides; (2) from tissue embedded in JB4 plastic sectioned at thicknesses of 2, 5 and 7 micron; and (3) from tissue embedded in paraffin wax and sectioned at 7 micron. The results show that the indices from the JB4 embedded sections increase as the section thickness decreases, and that this relationship persists down to the notional section thickness of zero in the tissue imprints (in which all the cells are in contact with the autoradiographic emulsion). Indices from the 7 micron paraffin wax embedded sections are surprisingly close to the values from the imprints, are higher than indices from the 5 and 7 micron JB4 embedded sections, and are not significantly different (at the 2% level) from those from 2 micron JB4 embedded sections. Possible reasons for these results are discussed in respect of the autoradiographic process and in relationship to various mathematical correction factors which have been proposed to take account of beta-particle self-absorption in thick sections. It is concluded that none of these correction factors is of value and that the embedding medium has an important effect on the observed labelling indices. Comparisons between labelling indices, therefore, should be made only when they are derived from similarly embedded material at the same section thickness. PMID- 3908425 TI - Electron microscopic morphometric studies on the resting and secreting nasal (salt) glands of the domestic duck. I. Standardisation of the fixation procedure. AB - In order to perform morphometric analysis of the nasal (salt) glands of domestic duck it was necessary to standardise the regime of fixation and processing for this tissue. This paper reports the results of these experiments in which the nasal glands of nine groups of ducks were perfused by fixatives containing various concentrations of glutaraldehyde; each group included three secreting ducks and three non-secreting control ducks. Fixative osmolality ranged from 300 825 m-osmol. The resulting effects on the electron microscopical appearances of mitochondria and intercellular spaces were assessed. The fixative finally selected as most satisfactory for both control and secreting tissue contained 3.5% glutaraldehyde and 3% dextran in sodium cacodylate buffer, giving an osmolality range of 580-650 m-osmol. PMID- 3908427 TI - Differential release of polyamines by cultured rat Sertoli cells. AB - Cellular and media concentrations of polyamines in Sertoli cell cultures were determined by fluorescent spectroscopy of dansylated compounds after separation by high-performance liquid chromatography. In spite of low cellular levels of putrescine, the Sertoli cells released relatively large amounts of putrescine and spermidine even after several media changes. The inclusion in the culture media of cortisol, insulin, and thyroxine significantly elevated cellular polyamine levels, altered the spermidine to spermine ratio, and enhanced putrescine release by 3- to 4-fold. No spermine, however, was detected in the media under any of the conditions studied. The polyamine concentrations in cultured Sertoli cells from 13-day-old rats and the pattern of polyamine release by these cells differed significantly from those in the Sertoli cells from 46-day-old rats. These data demonstrate the differential release of polyamines by cultured rat Sertoli cells. The profiles of polyamine secretion appear to be age-dependent, and the significance of this phenomenon is discussed. PMID- 3908426 TI - In vitro differentiation of rat seminiferous tubular segments from defined stages of the epithelial cycle morphologic and immunolocalization analysis. AB - Rat seminiferous tubule segments have been cultured in chemically defined medium (F12/DMEM 1:1) without added hormones or growth factors. The segments (1-2 mm) were isolated from defined stages of the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium (VIII and XII) by transillumination-assisted microdissection. The precise stages were examined by phase contrast microscopy of live cells squashed carefully out from the adjacent segments between glass slides. The squash technique was also used for a primary screening of the cultured tubules. Pachytene primary spermatocytes from stages VIII to XII of the cycle were able to complete meiotic divisions in vitro. From stage XII, they differentiated up to step 5 spermatids, expressed their specific antigens, and developed characteristic movement patterns of the flagellum and of the chromatoid body. Preleptotene and zygotene spermatocytes from the same cell association differentiated synchronously, as judged by chromosome morphology, characteristic chromosome rotation in zygotene and early pachytene, and by development of specific antigen expression. The elongation phase of spermiogenesis did not proceed normally in vitro. The rate of differentiation was the same as observed earlier in vivo. Earlier studies with [3H]thymidine labeling and autoradiography only permitted follow-up of the development of preleptotene spermatocytes. With the present method, all stages of spermatogenesis can be traced in culture with great accuracy in experiments relating to local regulation of spermatogenesis. PMID- 3908428 TI - Mechanism of action of antitumor antibiotic stubomycin. PMID- 3908430 TI - Manipulation of the mammalian embryo. AB - Technological advances in manipulation of mammalian embryos outside the maternal environment have resulted in opportunities for study of preimplantation embryo development, identification of developmental phenomena that are unique to mammals, and further improvement of technology. Mammalian embryos may be cultured in vitro at 37 C for up to several days or they may be stored at -196 C indefinitely. The mammalian embryo possesses the unique capacity to regulate its development and differentiate into a normal individual after being stimulated to incorporate foreign cells or after a portion of its cells are removed. This regulatory ability has proven useful in research dealing with the production of chimeras. It allows genetic copies of an embryo to be produced by dissociation of an early cleavage-stage embryo into its component blastomeres or by bisection of a morula. Production of large sets of identical animals may be possible in the future by serial transplantation of nuclei from one embryo into enucleated ova. Progress has been made in producing unique genetic combinations by manipulation of the pronuclei of fertilized ova. It is also possible in some cases to identify the sex of a living cleavage-stage embryo. Some of these manipulations have been carried out primarily in laboratory mice, but as animal scientists identify beneficial uses in farm animals, these procedures are being extended to embryos of the large domestic species. PMID- 3908429 TI - Lectins demonstrate the presence of carbohydrates in the tectorial membrane of mammalian cochlea. AB - Histological sections of rat and guinea pig cochleas were exposed to lectins to identify the carbohydrates present in the tectorial membranes. N Acetylglucosamine, galactose, mannose and fucose were found to be present in both rats and guinea pigs, but N-acetylgalactosamine was not detected. In addition, two control experiments were performed. In the first, each lectin was preincubated with its specific inhibitory sugar. In the second, the unfixed tectorial membranes were exposed to lectins. Radioautographic studies confirmed the presence of glucosamine and fucose in the tectorial membrane of 1-day-old rats. PMID- 3908431 TI - In vitro oocyte maturation and fertilization. AB - Complete functional oocyte maturation involves many complex processes that occur within preovulatory follicles and are initiated and sustained by the gonadotropins, steroid hormones and many recognized and unrecognized factors. The product of oocyte maturation is a mature egg that has complete nuclear, plasma membrane and cytoplasmic changes that enable normal fertilization and subsequent development to occur. In vitro maturation has been achieved with viability of resulting eggs demonstrated by their fertilization and successful gestational development. Higher proportions of in vitro matured eggs develop from hormonally supported cultures of whole follicles than from cultures of extrafollicular oocytes. In vivo fertilization has been more useful in these efforts than in vitro fertilization. Accomplishments toward understanding the physiological mechanisms involved in oocyte maturation are encouraging and with improvements anticipated for in vitro fertilization technology it should become possible to efficiently combine these procedures at some future date. Such an advancement would open many doors beyond the new technologies in animal breeding of today. Exploitation of in vitro oocyte maturation might remove the present technical limitations imposed on dissemination of genetic offerings of desirable females. PMID- 3908432 TI - Genetic engineering of laboratory and livestock mammals. AB - Recent advances in recombinant genetics have made possible the transfer of cloned genes from one organism to the genome of another. Research with mice made transgenic by insertion of rat or human genes has provided direct evidence that transferred genes can be incorporated into the germline and expressed in the recipient. Current technology for gene transfer involves microinjection of the recombinant genes into the male pronucleus of the zygote. Resulting transgenic mice, when mated as adults, produced offspring that contained and expressed the transgenes. These observations serve as indications of the possibilities that exist for genetic engineering in livestock species. Although there are some technical problems to be overcome before livestock embryos can be genetically altered by these means, the genes for producing growth hormone transgenic livestock are currently available, and research groups are working toward this objective. In addition to this work with growth hormone genes, there are many other potential applications for genetic engineering livestock to produce more highly efficient production; however, there is considerable research to be done before the full potential of this technology can be achieved. It will be necessary to identify other genes that have potential for improving the production efficiency of livestock, and it will be necessary to gain a more complete understanding of the developmental and molecular biology of livestock. The potential impact of this technology in farm animal production is enormous, but, in the short term, it will be a costly endeavor. PMID- 3908434 TI - History of dentistry in Hawaii. PMID- 3908433 TI - Sexual dimorphisms of the brain. AB - This discussion reviews, partially from the historical perspective of the author, the development and evolution of the concept of the sexual differentiation of the brain, a process that has profound implications for reproductive biology, animal behavior and developmental neurobiology. Although there are numerous sex differences in brain function, the mammalian brain appears to be fundamentally female. Characteristics of brain function typical of the male sex are imposed on the developing brain by the action of testicular hormones. In fact, estradiol produced intraneuronally by the aromatization of testicular testosterone, appears to be the hormonal molecule responsible for the masculine differentiation of the brain. Much of the research in this area has been descriptive in nature, and studies of the possible mechanisms of hormone action have been limited to very general approaches because of the complexities of the process and the lack of specific model systems. Recently, marked structural correlates of sexual differentiation have been identified. The sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area (SDN-POA), for example, is now viewed as a morphological signature of the action of gonadal hormones on the developing brain and has become a model system to investigate the fundamental mechanism(s) by which hormones act to determine the structure and functional capacity of the brain. Although possible effects of estradiol on neurogenesis and(or) neuronal migration cannot be excluded, it currently appears that one mechanism of the sexual differentiation of the brain is the hormonal promotion of neuronal survival during a developmental phase of neuronal death. The discovery of the SDN-POA in the rat emphasizes the value of the comparative approach to sexual differentiation. It is likely that other animal species may prove to be species of choice for future investigations of components of the complex process of the sexual differentiation of the brain. PMID- 3908435 TI - Treatment of recurrent genital herpes simplex infections with oral acyclovir. AB - A total of 113 patients with recurrent genital herpes were enrolled in a multicentre cross-over study. Two consecutive recurrences were treated with either oral acyclovir 200 mg or matching placebo five times daily for five days. Acyclovir significantly reduced the time to crusting and healing and the duration of new lesions and symptoms. Acyclovir was not found to have any clinically significant effect on the haematological or biochemical parameters measured, or to have caused adverse events and was well tolerated. Early self-initiated treatment may abort a recurrent attack of genital herpes without progression to the ulcerative or crusting stage. PMID- 3908436 TI - Pharmacokinetic study of ceftazidime in bone and serum of patients undergoing hip and knee arthroplasty. AB - Twenty-eight patients undergoing hip arthroplasty and 15 undergoing knee arthroplasty, received chemoprophylaxis with ceftazidime 1.0 g administered intravenously at the time of induction of anaesthesia, followed by two doses of 500 mg given intramuscularly 6 and 12 h later. The mean bone concentration in hip arthroplasty showed a general rise towards a maximum of approximately 20 mg/kg when the exposure time (interval between antibiotic injection and removal of bone sample) was 35-40 min, with values ranging from 4.4 to 21.2 mg/kg (mean 14.4 mg/kg). The patients undergoing knee arthroplasty present a complicated pharmacokinetic problem, as the use of a tourniquet limits the exposure time. Bone concentrations of ceftazidime were highest at sampling times greater than 20 min in these patients (mean level of 15.9 mg/kg for femoral bone and 13.1 mg/kg for tibial bone). PMID- 3908437 TI - The effect of a range of antimicrobial drugs on the haemagglutination of two clinical isolates from urinary tract infections. AB - A range of nine common antimicrobial drugs were tested for their effect on adhesion of the mannose-resistant haemagglutination-positive Proteus vulgaris strain BH77 and Escherichia coli strain BH121, isolated from patients with urinary tract infections. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of the antimicrobials for these strains were determined in Mueller-Hinton broth and the effect of each antimicrobial, at the quarter MIC values, on the haemagglutination of the strains was then determined. Haemagglutination could only be prevented by inhibitors of protein synthesis. After the introduction of an R-plasmid into strain BH121 this effect was annihilated. When the new MICs were determined, the inhibition was still observed at the new quarter MIC values. PMID- 3908438 TI - Renin-angiotensin system: oral contraception and exercise in healthy female subjects. AB - The effect of oral contraception and of exercise on the renin-angiotensin system was studied in 20 highly trained athletes, of whom 10 were ingesting oral contraceptives (users) and 10 were not (nonusers), and in 24 sedentary age matched healthy female subjects, of whom 13 were users and 11 were nonusers. No training-related effects were observed with the exception of renin substrate, which was significantly higher in the athletes. The plasma concentrations of active renin and of trypsin-activatable prorenin were significantly lower in the subjects taking oral contraceptives. Renin substrate, however, was significantly higher in the oral contraceptives group. No difference in plasma renin activity (PRA) was observed between users and nonusers. The results demonstrate the well known estrogen-induced stimulation of renin substrate synthesis by the liver and suggest a decreased secretion of renin by the kidney. Exhaustive exercise of short duration, performed by the trained athletes only, stimulated the renin angiotensin system. An increase in PRA and in active renin concentration was observed. The prorenin concentration did not change significantly. The magnitude of the exercise-induced changes was considerably influenced by oral contraceptive medication. Nonusers showed a significantly greater increase in PRA and active renin and total renin concentration than users. Renin substrate decreased significantly during exercise in the nonusers only. These results demonstrate that oral contraceptives have a suppressive effect on renin secretion at rest, an effect that becomes more prominent during exercise, i.e., physiological stimulation. PMID- 3908439 TI - Effect of chronic cigarette smoke exposure on pulmonary vasomotion in beagle dogs. AB - To study the effect of chronic cigarette smoke exposure on the resistive properties of the pulmonary vasculature, left lower lobes from 12 control beagles and 6 beagles who had smoked cigarettes (50 cigarettes/wk for 40 wk) were perfused in situ to measure the vascular pressure-flow relationship and the resistance of the three vascular segments with the arterial and venous occlusion technique. In control subjects the vascular resistance in the arterial, middle, and venous segments was 23, 36, and 41% of the total, respectively. The segmental distribution of vascular resistance was not significantly different in the cigarette smoke-exposed dogs, despite the fact that the absolute values were 30 40% less than that of the control group. The longitudinal distribution of resistance among the three vascular segments and their response to drugs were different in beagles than was previously found in mongrels. In all beagles the veins were considerably more reactive than arteries. Vasoconstriction with serotonin (5-HT) prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha), norepinephrine, histamine, and methacholine (M) infusion occurred predominantly in the veins. The effect of PGF2 alpha and 5-HT was totally different than that previously observed in mongrels in which the constriction was predominantly in the arteries. Chronic cigarette smoking reduced the basal pulmonary vascular resistance and attenuated the venoconstrictor response to 5-HT and M but potentiated the hypoxic pressor response of the microvessels. PMID- 3908440 TI - Plasma hormonal responses at graded hypohydration levels during exercise-heat stress. AB - The effects of graded levels of hypohydration (3, 5, and 7% of body weight) on hormonal responses to exercise in the heat were examined in six heat-acclimated male volunteers. On the day following dehydration, subjects performed light (approximately 25% maximal O2 consumption, 1.03 1 X min-1) exercise in a hot (49 degrees C, 20% relative humidity) environment for four consecutive 25-min intervals interspaced by 10-min rests; blood was obtained before exercise and at approximately 10 min before completion of each exercise period. During euhydration, plasma cortisol (PC) levels manifested significant decrements over time (e.g., time 0, 14.2 micrograms X 100 ml-1 vs. time 2, 8.9 micrograms X 100 ml-1), probably related to its diurnal periodicity. However, during hypohydration, levels of PC were increased and correlated with hypohydration intensity (e.g., time 0, 0, 3, 5, and 7% hypohydration, 14.2, 16.5, 19.8, and 36.2 micrograms X 100 ml-1, respectively). Plasma renin activity (PRA) was increased significantly by hypohydration (e.g., time 0, euhydrated vs. 3%, 3.7 vs. 6.2 units) but was unaffected by exercise in the heat. Plasma aldosterone (ALD) levels were generally increased by exercise in the heat (e.g., time 0 vs. time 4, 3% hypohydration, 12.1 vs. 18.7 ng X 100 ml-1). Regression analysis illustrated that graded intensities of hypohydration were correlated with incremented PRA and ALD through 5% hypohydration. Conversely, PC was incrementally elevated through 7% hypohydration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3908441 TI - Increased in vitro airway responsiveness in sheep following repeated exposure to antigen in vivo. AB - We have studied the effect of repeated in vivo antigen exposure on in vitro airway responsiveness in sensitized sheep. Fourteen sheep underwent five biweekly exposures to aerosolized Ascaris suum antigen or saline. Following this exposure regimen, the animals were killed and tracheal smooth muscle and lung parenchymal strips were prepared for in vitro studies of isometric contraction in response to histamine, methacholine, prostaglandin F2 alpha, and a thromboxane A2 analogue. No alteration in tracheal smooth muscle responsiveness was observed between saline- and antigen-exposed tissue. In contrast, by use of lung parenchymal strips as an index of peripheral airway responsiveness, significant increases in responsiveness to histamine and a thromboxane A2 analogue (10(-6) and 10(-5) M) were observed in antigen-exposed tissue compared with saline controls. These results demonstrate that repeated antigen exposure in vivo selectively increase the responsiveness of peripheral lung smooth muscle to certain chemical mediators of anaphylaxis. PMID- 3908442 TI - Aging effects on the elastin composition in the extracellular matrix of cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells. AB - Elastin accumulation in the extracellular matrix of cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells was monitored as a function of age. The effect of the animal donor age and time in culture in single or consecutive passages on the cells' ability to accumulate total protein as well as elastin was evaluated. Smooth muscle cells were obtained from animals ranging in age from 2 d to 36 mo. Protein accumulation by the cells based on DNA content was similar regardless of which of the above aging parameters was examined. Although there were significant amounts of elastin present in the extracellular matrix of those cells originating from the younger animals (2 d and 6 wk old), little or none was detected in cell cultures derived from the oldest animals. A soluble elastin-like fraction which was isolated from the cultures of the 2-d-old rats seemed to be lacking in the cultures of cells from the 36-mo-old animals. This observation may, in part, explain the absence of insoluble elastin in the matrix of some cultures obtained from older animals. The data strongly suggest that the age of the donor animal from which the cells originate has the greatest influence on in vitro elastin accumulation. PMID- 3908443 TI - Clinical aspects of mucus and mucous plugging in asthma. AB - Abnormalities in the production and transport of airway secretions play an important role in the pathophysiology of asthma, especially during acute exacerbations of the disease. The synthesis of mucus becomes disordered, and other constituents of airway contents, including eosinophils and shed bronchial epithelial cells, contribute to the abnormal sputum that is produced. Altered viscoelastic properties of asthmatic mucus lead to impaired mucus transport rates. In addition, ciliary function may be directly inhibited by factors within the secretions. The consequence of these derangements is often widespread plugging of small bronchi and bronchioles. Occasionally, segmental or subsegmental atelectasis develops, but in most series radiographically visible atelectasis is uncommon. A rare complication is mucoid impaction of the bronchi, in which a central masslike opacity on chest radiograph is the manifestation of a large mucous plug in a major bronchus. A hypersensitivity reaction to fungi has been implicated in the formation of at least some mucoid impactions. A variety of pharmacological and other methods have been used in attempts to modify abnormal airway secretions and to promote their clearance, but none is of proven benefit. The development of effective therapies will probably require a better understanding of the regulation of normal mucociliary transport and of the disturbances that occur in asthma. PMID- 3908444 TI - Dental education in the future. PMID- 3908445 TI - Nucleotide sequence of the pldB gene and characteristics of deduced amino acid sequence of lysophospholipase L2 in Escherichia coli. AB - The nucleotide sequence of the pldB gene of Escherichia coli K-12, which codes for lysophospholipase L2 located in the inner membrane, was determined. The deduced amino acid sequence of lysophospholipase L2 contains 340 amino acid residues, resulting in a protein with a molecular weight of 38,934. It is characterized by a high content of arginine residues (36 out of 340 residues). The amino acid sequence near the NH2-terminus of the protein is composed of a large number of polar or charged amino acid residues, suggesting that this region cannot be a signal peptide. The hydropathy profile of the deduced amino acid sequence of lysophospholipase L2 was studied. Most of the region was rather hydrophilic, and there was no stretch of hydrophobic amino acid region, such as might be predicted to traverse the lipid bilayer. These results are consistent with the experimental observation that lysophospholipase L2 is extracted by salt solution from the membrane fraction, and it may be classified as a peripheral membrane protein. Computer analysis showed that there is no homology in amino acid sequences between lysophospholipase L2 and other extracellular phospholipases, as well as detergent-resistant phospholipase A, which is another membrane-bound phospholipase in E. coli and whose DNA sequence was determined (Homma, H., Kobayashi, T., Chiba, N., Karasawa, K., Mizushima, H., Kudo, I., Inoue, K., Ideka, H., Sekiguchi, M., & Nojima, S. (1984) J. Biochem. 96, 1655 1664). This is the first report of the primary structure of a lysophospholipase. PMID- 3908446 TI - The reaction mechanisms and substrate-stereospecificities of L-alloisocitrate dehydrogenase and oxalosuccinate decarboxylase. AB - A sequential reaction was suggested for the conversion of L-alloisocitrate to alpha-oxoglutarate by an enzyme complex of L-alloisocitrate dehydrogenase and oxalosuccinate decarboxylase from Pseudomonas strain No. 2, during which oxalosuccinate was not released from the enzyme-substrate complex. The stereochemistry of oxalosuccinate formed by L-alloisocitrate dehydrogenase and decarboxylated by oxalosuccinate decarboxylase was opposite to that of the substrate for D-isocitrate dehydrogenase. Incubation of L-alloisocitrate with the dehydrogenase and decarboxylase in deuterium oxide provided [3-2H]-alpha oxoglutarate, the configuration of which turned out to be the same as that produced by D-isocitrate dehydrogenase from D-isocitrate. The data suggested that enol form of alpha-oxoglutarate was involved as an intermediate in decarboxylation of oxalosuccinate by oxalosuccinate decarboxylase. L Alloisocitrate dehydrogenase was shown to react with pro-S proton of NADH. PMID- 3908447 TI - Purification and characterization of lysophospholipase L2 of Escherichia coli K 12. AB - Lysophospholipase L2, which is bound to the inner membrane of Escherichia coli K 12, was produced in a large amount in cells bearing its cloned structural gene. Starting from these cells, the lysophospholipase L2 was purified approximately 700-fold to near homogeneity by solubilization with KCl, ammonium sulfate fractionation, chromatofocusing in the presence of a zwitterionic detergent, CHAPS (3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate), and heparin Sepharose affinity column chromatography. The final preparation showed a single protein band with a molecular weight of 38,500 daltons in SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The amino acid sequence of the NH2-terminal portion of the purified enzyme was determined. It was in complete agreement with that deduced from the nucleotide sequence of the structural gene, pldB [Kobayashi, T., Kudo, I., Karasawa, K., Mizushima, H., Inoue, K., & Nojima, S. (1985) J. Biochem. 98, 1017-1025.] The purified enzyme hydrolyzes 2-acyl glycerophosphoethanolamine (GPE) and 2-acyl glycerophosphocholine (GPC) more effectively than 1-acyl GPE and 1-acyl GPC, but does not attack diacylphospholipids. The enzyme also catalyzes the transfer of an acyl group from lysophospholipid to phosphatidylglycerol for formation of acyl phosphatidylglycerol. The acyl group was more effectively transferred from 2-acyl lysophospholipid than from the 1-acyl derivative. This enzyme was heat-labile and was inactivated at 55 degrees C within 5 min. The present paper shows clearly that lysophospholipase L2 is a different enzyme protein from lysophospholipase L1 which was formerly purified from the supernatant of the wild strain of E. coli K-12 homogenates [Doi, O. & Nojima, S. (1975) J. Biol. Chem. 250, 5208-5214]. PMID- 3908448 TI - Preliminary X-ray studies on Serratia protease. AB - Preliminary X-ray studies on Serratia protease have been carried out using crystallographic and small angle scattering techniques. The enzyme has been crystallized in three different crystalline forms by microdialysis and vapor diffusion methods using 50 mM phosphate buffer, pH 6.0, at 24 degrees C. They have orthorhombic space groups: C222(1) for one form and P2(1)2(1)2(1) for the other two forms. A small angle X-ray scattering study showed that the radius of gyration and the maximal dimension of the molecule in aqueous solution are 26.6 A and 94.5 A, respectively. The molecular weight of the enzyme was determined to be 45,000-48,000 by various physical methods. PMID- 3908449 TI - Immunological analysis of glycolipids on cell surfaces of cultured human tumor cell lines: expression of lactoneotetraosylceramide on tumor cell surfaces. AB - Glycolipids of human cell lines of colonic adenocarcinoma (Colo 205 and BM 314), gastric tumor (AZ 521 and KATO-III), and lung tumor (A 549) were studied by the immunohistochemical fluorescence technique, flow cytometric analysis and immunostaining on thin layer chromatoplates with antibodies against gangliotriaosylceramide (Gg3Cer), gangliotetraosylceramide (Gg4Cer), fucogangliotetraosylceramide (Fuc-Gg4Cer), blood group B active lipid, globopentaosylceramide (Gb5Cer) and lactoneotetraosylceramide (nLc4Cer). Anti nLc4Cer antibody was the only antibody which reacted with all the tumor cell lines used. The glycolipid fractions of each cell line separated by Iatrobeads column chromatography were immunostained with the six antibodies mentioned above on thin layer plates. The presence of nLc4Cer was detected in all cell lines. On the other hand, Gg4Cer was detected in gastric tumor cell lines, and Gg3Cer was detected in AZ 521. Based on these results, the tumor cell lines were analyzed by flow cytometry using anti-nLc4Cer antibody. About 70% of total cells in each cell line were separated as nLc4Cer-expressing cells. The present findings, together with the occurrence of nLc4Cer in ascitic fluids of cancer patients (Taki, T., Kojima, S., Seto, H., Yamada, H., & Matsumoto, M. (1984) J. Biochem. 96, 1257 1265), suggest that nLc4Cer may be a tumor-associated lipid. PMID- 3908450 TI - A simple preparation method for apoaspartate aminotransferase from Escherichia coli B, and its application for the assay of pyridoxal and pyridoxamine 5' phosphate. AB - A simple and rapid preparation method for apoaspartate aminotransferase from Escherichia coli B was developed. A crude extract of the bacterial cells was treated batchwise with DEAE-cellulose. The enzyme fraction obtained was then applied to a pyridoxamine-Sepharose column. Apoaspartate aminotransferase was eluted with 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.0), and found to be electrophoretically homogeneous. The apoenzyme preparation thus obtained showed very low holoenzyme activity (only 0.4% of the activity seen in the fully saturated condition with pyridoxal 5'-phosphate) and was successfully used for assaying pyridoxal and pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate. PMID- 3908451 TI - Comparison of inhibitory effects of prolinal-containing peptide derivatives on prolyl endopeptidases from bovine brain and Flavobacterium. AB - The inhibitory effects of proline-containing peptides and their derivatives on prolyl endopeptidases from Flavobacterium meningosepticum and bovine brain were compared. Replacement of the carboxyl terminal proline in N-blocked peptides with prolinal resulted in remarkable decreases in Ki values for both prolyl endopeptidases. Further reduction of the prolinal to prolinol led to a decrease in their inhibitory effects. Z-Pro-, Z-Val-, and Suc-Pro-prolinals were similarly inhibitory for both the enzymes with Ki values of nM order. However, the inhibitory effects of Z-Pyr-prolinal and Boc-Pro-prolinal on these enzymes were significantly distinguished: they strongly inhibited the mammalian prolyl endopeptidase with Ki values of nM order, while the Ki values of these compounds for the microbial enzyme were only of microM order. These results suggest that there are some structural differences in the S2 and S3 subsites between the two enzymes, though their substrate specificities are apparently indistinguishable. PMID- 3908452 TI - Monoclonal antibody for calcitriol (1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3). AB - Hybridoma cell lines secreting antibodies for vitamin D3 metabolites have been generated by fusing splenocytes from BALB/c mice immunized with 3 beta-glutaryl 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 conjugated to bovine serum albumin (3 beta-glu-25-OH-D3-BSA) and Sp2/O-Ag14 myeloma cells. Purification of monoclonal antibodies from culture media or ascites fluids was accomplished by procedures including affinity chromatography on Protein A-Sepharose 4B. Each monoclonal antibody was analyzed as to its affinity and specificity by equilibrium dialysis and an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) based on a double antibody system. It was demonstrated that clone 1C2-60 produced an antibody highly specific to 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (calcitriol), and the clone 2B3-66 antibody was reactive to 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and similar structural compounds. These two monoclonal antibodies produced by 1C2-60 and 2B3-66 were determined to belong to the IgG2a class, and their affinity constants (Ka) with 3 beta-glu-25-OH-D3 were demonstrated to be 3.6 X 10(9) M-1 and 2.9 X 10(9) M-1, respectively, at 4 degrees C. The characteristics of these monoclonal antibodies were compared with those of conventional antibodies raised in mice and rabbits. Finally, by using monoclonal antibody 1C2 60, a sensitive EIA has been developed that can detect 10 pg of calcitriol. PMID- 3908453 TI - [Submaxillary glands in an endocrine context]. AB - The evidence for interrelationships between the submandibular salivary glands (SMG) and the endocrine system is reviewed. Firstly, it has been clearly demonstrated that various hormones participate in the molecular control of exocrine enzyme synthesis in the SMG, and more particularly within the cells of the convoluted granular tubules of the gland. Testosterone was thus shown to stimulate the synthesis of a series of SMG enzymes via its specific cellular receptors and the genetic machinery of protein synthesis, while the active thyroid hormone T3, together with the glucocorticosteroids act synergistically with testosterone. In addition, experimental evidence is accumulating, ascribing to the SMG an endocrine function. More specifically, two important hormonal factors appear to originate in the SMG: the nerve growth factor (NGF), a polypeptide of 140.000 d which is highly concentrated in the SMG and plays a major role in the ontogenetic development and in the functions of spinal and sympathetic ganglia; and the epidermal growth factor (EGF), a 6.045 d peptide displaying a variety of biological actions including promotion of epidermal development, eruption of the incisors, stimulation of pituitary secretion of ACTH and GH, and inhibition of gastric and of thyroid hormone secretion. As previously observed for the SMG exocrine enzymes production, the two endocrine secretions of the SMG are also controlled by various classical hormones such as testosterone, thyroid hormones and adrenocorticosteroids. Finally, a more complex regulatory loop involving the SMG hormones was recently described, including a retrograde axonal transport of NGF from the SMG to the superior cervical ganglion (SCG) where it participates in transmitter syntheses, and, beyond the SCG, in the control of various targets of the SCG such as the pineal gland and other neuroendocrine regulations. Summing up, the buccal segment presently appears as a mixed glandular section with both exocrine and endocrine functions in the same line as the lower segments of the digestive tract, i.e. stomach, duodenum, liver and pancreas. PMID- 3908454 TI - Cultivable microflora of plaque from full denture bases and adjacent palatal mucosa. AB - Anaerobic cultural techniques and rapid biochemical identification tests normally employed for periodontal plaque were utilized for the analysis of plaque samples taken from denture bases and corresponding adjacent mucosa. Results were compared with those or more comprehensive microbiological investigations. Forty four samples were obtained from the denture bases and adjacent palatal mucosa of 12 patients wearing full upper dentures. The specimens were then collected in Reduced Transport Fluid and processed in the anaerobic glove box. Samples were plated on Enriched Trypticase Soy Agar (ETSA) and cultured under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. In addition plaque samples were plated on Sabouraud medium. Facultative bacteria predominated in both denture and palatal plaques. Significantly greater numbers of cocci were recovered in the samples from palatal mucosa. More rods were found in denture plaque. Anaerobes were present in both instances. Among the anaerobes, saccharolytic Bacteroides were identified with the highest frequency, while Veillonella species were present in the greatest quantity. Recovery of yeasts was similar for both ETSA and Sabouraud media incubated aerobically. As has been found in other microbiological studies Candida albicans represented only a minor part of the total cultivable flora. PMID- 3908455 TI - Steady flow visualization in a rigid canine aortic cast. AB - Steady flow studies were conducted in a transparent canine aortic cast. The cast segment stretched from the aortic valve to beyond the renal arteries and included all major branches. Flow was visualized by analysis of dye streaklines. Flow rates for basal and exercising cardiovascular states were simulated. The Reynolds numbers in the ascending aorta for basal and exercising conditions were 900 and 1587 respectively. Aortic core flow was laminar in basal simulations. Disturbed flow commenced in the upper descending aorta with exercising flow rates. Separation zones existed along the inner curvature of the aortic arch and the proximal walls of the brachiocephalic, left subclavian, and coeliac arteries. Such zones may exist over a portion of the cardiac cycle. If either renal artery was occluded, then a vortex formed. This vortex is associated with high shear regions which correlate well with sites where sudanophilic lesions have been reported in cholesterol-fed nephrectomized rabbits. PMID- 3908456 TI - Bone modelling in the implantation bed. AB - We consider results from tissue culture studies and the comparative histology of mineralized tissues and other natural tissue interfaces which may have some relevance in understanding the abnormal biology of the immediate environment of an implant in bone. We discuss factors influencing setting, colonization, and migration on natural and artificial substrates by various cell types which may make or remove matrix near the implant. A knowledge of mechanisms of mineral and organic matrix destruction by osteoclasts and other cells must be important in addition to an understanding of the interaction of local and systemic hormones with bone cells. More studies of the role of the immune system in implant failure are urgently required. PMID- 3908457 TI - Pyruvic acid as an etching agent in clinical dentistry. AB - The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of pyruvic acid as an alternative etching agent to phosphoric acid (H3PO4). Solutions containing 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 m/m % pyruvic acid and 50% m/m H3PO4 were prepared. The tensile bond strengths of a composite resin to enamel surfaces etched with the respective etching agents were determined. The rates of etching of enamel surfaces by each of the etching solutions were evaluated. Unground and polished enamel surfaces were etched with the respective etching solutions and the surfaces examined by scanning electron microscopy. The tensile bond strengths of the resin to enamel surfaces etched with 10-30% pyruvic acid exceeded those obtained on enamel surfaces etched with 50% H3PO4. The rates of etching of all the pyruvic acid solutions were significantly less than of H3PO4. Well-defined etching patterns were observed on the enamel surfaces etched with all the etching solutions. The results of this laboratory study suggest that pyruvic acid may be a suitable alternative to phosphoric acid as an etching agent in clinical dentistry. PMID- 3908458 TI - Fibronectin binding properties of bacteriologic petri plates and tissue culture dishes. AB - With the aid of a monoclonal antibody-based ELISA assay, the fibronectin binding properties of poly(styrene) bacteriologic and tissue culture petri plates were studied. After treatment of the plastics with serum, both the rate of fibronectin binding and the maximum amount of fibronectin bound were found to be lower for bacteriologic than tissue culture plates. In contrast, when treated with purified fibronectin rather than serum, bacteriologic and tissue culture plates bound fibronectin equally well. Thus, serum proteins are more effective in inhibiting fibronectin binding to bacteriologic petri plates than to tissue culture dishes. The fibronectin binding properties of plastic substrata could be enhanced by oxidation with H2SO4 or diminished by dissolution and recasting of tissue culture dishes. Thus, the fibronectin binding properties of bacteriologic and tissue culture dishes can be interconverted. Plastics with enhanced fibronectin binding properties (tissue culture plates) were found to be hydrophilic and good substrates for cell attachment and growth while plastics with decreased fibronectin binding characteristics were found to be hydrophobic and poor substrates for cell attachment and growth. The cell-adhesive properties of bacteriologic and tissue culture plastic substrata were found to vary during incubation with cells. While cells remained firmly attached and spread on tissue culture plastics over a period of 5 days or more, previously attached cells gradually detached from bacteriologic plastics at incubation times beyond 12 h. The gradual detachment of cells from bacteriologic plates probably explains the poor properties of bacteriologic plastics for the growth of anchorage-dependent cells, in particular. PMID- 3908459 TI - The operative treatment of mid-shaft clavicular non-unions. AB - Ten consecutive patients with clavicular non-union were treated at the University of California, Davis, Medical Center and Kaiser Permanente Hospital, Sacramento, with compression-plating and iliac bone-grafting. Seven patients were male and three were female, and their ages ranged from sixteen to sixty years. All patients achieved clinical union by ten weeks postoperatively, with no operative or postoperative complications, and had a full, painless range of motion of the ipsilateral shoulder, with an acceptable cosmetic result. In our experience, patients with symptomatic clavicular non-union may be treated by open reduction and internal fixation with a compression plate and supplemental iliac-bone graft with a high likelihood of success. PMID- 3908461 TI - Pathology of infantile cortical hyperostosis (Caffey's disease). Report of a case. PMID- 3908460 TI - Complications of tension-band wiring of olecranon fractures. AB - We encountered a high incidence of complications related to the technique of tension-band wire fixation of displaced fractures of the olecranon in a five-year retrospective study of twenty patients (twenty fractures). All had been treated with primary open reduction using the AO technique of tension-band wiring. Twenty patients were followed at least to union as determined radiographically. The most frequent complication was symptomatic prominence of the Kirschner wires at the elbow in sixteen patients. There was skin breakdown in four patients, and infection developed in one. Measurable proximal migration of the Kirschner wires, however, occurred in only three patients. Prominence of the Kirschner wires usually was due to improper seating at the time of surgery (twelve of sixteen patients). Most complications that are related to this method of fixation may be avoided by careful attention to surgical technique. PMID- 3908462 TI - Dupuytren's contracture. PMID- 3908463 TI - The cell attachment determinant in fibronectin. AB - Fibronectin possesses a domain that interacts with cell surfaces. The ability of fibronectin to promote cell attachment can be duplicated with a short amino acid sequence, glycyl-L-arginyl-glycyl-L-aspartyl-L-serine, taken from that domain. The tripeptide Arg-Gly-Asp appears to be irreplaceable for maintenance of the activity of this peptide, whereas the serine residue can be replaced with some, but apparently not all, possible residues. This recognition sequence, or a closely related sequence, is present in a number of proteins other than fibronectin that interact with cells. These proteins include collagens, fibrinogen, thrombin, a bacterial surface protein, and two viral proteins, as well as discoidin-I, a protein implicated in the aggregation of Dictyostelium discoideum. A similar sequence is also repeated in some, but not all, fibronectin molecules, making it possible that some fibronectin molecules have more than a single cell attachment site. Synthetic peptides constructed from sequences taken from several of these other proteins have also been shown to promote cell attachment. The tripeptide sequence may, therefore, constitute an ancient cellular recognition mechanism common to many proteins. PMID- 3908464 TI - Purification and characterization of cAMP-factor from Streptococcus agalactiae by hydrophobic interaction chromatography and chromatofocusing. AB - CAMP-factor from Streptococcus agalactiae (group B streptococcus) was purified 60 fold from the culture supernatant to electrophoretic homogeneity in 57% yield. The purification procedure involved ammonium sulphate precipitation, ultrafiltration, hydrophobic interaction chromatography on Octyl-Sepharose and chromatofocusing on polybuffer exchanger PBE 94. The purified CAMP-factor consists of a single polypeptide chain with an apparent molecular weight of 25 kD and an isoelectric point of 8.9. The properties of the CAMP-factor demonstrated by charge-shift electrophoresis were consistent with those of an amphiphilic polypeptide. PMID- 3908465 TI - Biochemical and electron microscopic studies of the transcription of vaccinia DNA by RNA polymerase from Escherichia coli: localization and characterization of transcriptional complexes. AB - We used the prokaryotic Escherichia coli RNA polymerase to determine if vaccinia DNA might provide recognition sites for the bacterial binding and initiation. Electron microscopic studies of the interaction of E. coli RNA polymerase with vaccinia DNA and molecular hybridization analysis of the transcription products formed after 3 or 5 min of in vitro incubation showed that: there were 30-40 sites on the template where the polymerase could bind and initiate cRNA synthesis; the entire coding capacity of the genome was utilized for cRNA synthesis; transcription was asymmetric; cRNA molecules were similar in size to the transcripts synthesized by the vaccinia virus RNA polymerase in vitro and in vivo; cRNA contains sequences in common with 'pre-early', 'early', and 'late' in vivo RNA; 'self-annealing' of cRNA in the presence or absence of RNA synthesized in vitro by the virion associated RNA polymerase showed that less than 1% dsRNA product could be detected suggesting that initially the same strand(s) was copied by the viral and bacterial enzymes; no differences in the frequency with which sequences represented in the Hind III fragments of vaccinia DNA were transcripted with time of in vitro incubation could be detected. These findings strongly suggest that the bacterial enzyme might recognize truly viral promotors. With extended in vitro incubations of the E. coli RNA polymerase with vaccinia DNA the control of transcription was found to diminish. This was correlated with an increase in the size of the transcripts and the synthesis of significant amounts of self-complementary RNA, indicating that symmetrical transcription was occurring. The dsRNA species recovered after self-annealing the cRNA from a 30 min in vitro reaction mixture were found to contain sequences which hybridized to some portion of all the Hind III restriction fragments of vaccinia DNA. The methods described here might be useful for the localization and characterization of promotor sequences in the genome of vaccinia virus, as well as for studies on sequence conservation between members of the Poxvirus genus. PMID- 3908466 TI - Immunoglobulin responses in acute Q fever. AB - Knowledge of the development of different classes of antibody during the course of acute Q fever is important to the clinician for interpreting a patient's serological test results. In the present study, the appearance of antibodies to Coxiella burnetii phases I and II was determined for a period of 1 year. A total of 683 sera from 191 patients with symptomatic Q fever were evaluated by the complement fixation and indirect immunofluorescence (immunoglobulins M and G [IgM, IgG]) tests. These patients had contracted acute Q fever in the fall of 1983 during an epidemic that resulted in 415 serologically confirmed cases of Q fever. As demonstrated by the complement fixation test, antibodies to C. burnetii phase II remained elevated throughout the entire study period, whereas antibodies to phase I were barely detectable. Although the immunofluorescence test was more sensitive than the complement fixation test, the specific anti-IgG response to C. burnetii to phases I and II gave the same general antibody profiles as did the complement fixation test. IgM anti-phase I and II titers appeared earlier but disappeared after 10 to 12 weeks. During this period, anti-phase II antibody levels were generally much higher than anti-phase I antibody levels. PMID- 3908467 TI - Lack of reliability of primary grouping of beta-hemolytic streptococci by culture of throat swabs with streptocult supplemented with bacitracin disks in general practice. AB - Fifty-eight general practitioners took throat swabs from 434 patients with sore throats. Office cultures were performed on Streptocult supplemented with bacitracin disks in an attempt to carry out primary grouping of beta-hemolytic streptococci (BHS). In 424 cases the findings were compared with those obtained in a microbiological laboratory. Streptocult showed a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 84% in the detection of BHS. The office-performed grouping procedure of the correctly detected BHS, however, only had a sensitivity of 65% and a specificity of 87%. Overall, as many as 45% of the patients with BHS group A were misdiagnosed. The unsatisfactory results obtained with primary grouping of BHS may be due partly to incorrect determinations of the diameter of the inhibition zone around the bacitracin disks and partly to an inappropriate choice of breakpoint. It is concluded that cultures of throat swabs on Streptocult in general practice should not be accompanied by attempts to carry out primary grouping with bacitracin disks. A laboratory investigation showed that incubation at room temperature for 48 h and at 35 degrees C for 24 h gave identical BHS positivity rates. PMID- 3908468 TI - Use of lysis-centrifugation (isolator) and radiometric (BACTEC) blood culture systems for the detection of mycobacteremia. AB - Patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome may develop infection with mycobacteria, particularly Mycobacterium avium-M. intracellulare (MAI). These infections can frequently be associated with demonstrable mycobacteremia with the organism. In this study, we compared the sensitivity of a radiometric (BACTEC system; Johnston Laboratories, Inc., Towson, Md.) liquid medium culture system with that of conventional solid mycobacterial culture media for cultures of blood from these patients. Both systems were inoculated with blood concentrate prepared by lysis-centrifugation (Isolator; Du Pont Co., Wilmington, Del.). Of 46 acquired immune deficiency syndrome patients whose blood was cultured, 28% had cultures positive for MAI. Patients had from less than 1 to more than 100 MAI colonies per ml of blood. Lowenstein-Jensen and Middlebrook 7H11 agars were comparable in recovery of MAI. BACTEC 12A vials containing double the standard volume of medium (4 ml) were more sensitive and were positive slightly earlier than vials containing the standard volume (2 ml). Conventional media detected 98% of positive cultures; BACTEC vials containing double volumes of medium detected 94% of positive cultures, whereas single-volume vials detected 77%. BACTEC vials were positive approximately 5 to 6 days sooner than slants or plates containing conventional media. For a few cultures, the use of unconcentrated blood was compared with the use of Isolator-concentrated blood by using each of these as inocula for BACTEC vials. Results for these cultures suggested that, although the use of Isolator-concentrated blood resulted in greater sensitivity than the use of unconcentrated blood would, the use of unconcentrated blood would still result in the detection of at least 78% of positive cultures. PMID- 3908469 TI - Sensitive enzyme immunoassay for detecting immunoglobulin M antibodies to Sindbis virus and further evidence that Pogosta disease is caused by a western equine encephalitis complex virus. AB - An antibody capture enzyme immunoassay (EIA) was adapted for the detection of immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody to Sindbis (SIN) virus. Sera from humans with a febrile illness characterized by rash and arthralgia in eastern Finland (Pogosta [POG] disease) and Sweden (Ockelbo disease) and from humans with western equine encephalitis (WEE) virus infection in the United States were tested for IgM antibodies by EIA. Seroconversions were documented in patients with POG disease and with WEE virus infections by using SIN virus as antigen and rabbit anti-SIN virus immunoglobulin; this confirms previous observations that POG disease is caused by a virus closely related to SIN virus and that IgM antibodies to WEE complex alphaviruses are not type specific. This IgM EIA provided a sensitive diagnostic and research tool applicable to epidemiologic problems posed by POG disease. PMID- 3908470 TI - Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in a population of infants with diarrhea in Chile. AB - The incidence of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) was investigated in 95 E. coli strains isolated from 48 infants with diarrhea in Santiago, Chile. By using standard biological assays and DNA-DNA hybridization procedures, ETEC was found in 31.2% of the cases: 14 strains produced heat-stable enterotoxin (ST) only, three strains produced heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) and ST, and two strains produced LT only. DNA probes detected all enterotoxin producers except one ST producing strain. The ST strains hybridized with one or both of the human ST probes (ST Ib and ST A2). Two of the LT-ST strains hybridized with the ST Ia and ST Ib probes, and the third strain did not hybridize with any of the ST probes. Only the ST group expressed multiple resistance (85.7%) and colonization factor antigen I (CFA I) (92.8%); CFA II was found in two of three LT-ST strains. The O153:H45 serotype was found in 10 of 14 ST strains, and O6:K15:H16 was found in one LT strain and in two LT-ST strains. These findings suggest that ETEC, especially strains that produce ST, may be an important cause of diarrhea among Chilean infants. PMID- 3908471 TI - Neutralization of bacterial lipopolysaccharides by human plasma. AB - To quantify the neutralization of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by human plasma, dilutions of Escherichia coli O113 LPS were incubated with plasma, followed by the addition of Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL). The reaction between the LPS and LAL was monitored spectrophotometrically, and the concentration of LPS resulting in 50% lysate response (LR50) was determined. Analysis of 145 outdated plasma samples yielded a range of LR50 between 6 and 1,500 ng/ml. Pools of plasma with high and low LR50 were prepared. The pool with high LR50 neutralized 166-fold more E. coli 0113 LPS, 190-fold more E. coli 0111B4 LPS, 42 fold more Klebsiella pneumoniae LPS, and 29-fold more Salmonella typhimurium LPS than did the pool with low LR50. Each pool had similar immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM antibody levels to homologous LPS, measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Analysis of 212 fresh-frozen plasma units revealed a range of LR50 between 48 and 6,000 ng/ml. Incubation of LPS in a pool of fresh-frozen plasma with high LR50 elicited significantly less fever in the rabbit pyrogen test than did LPS incubated in plasma with low LR50 (fever index, 2.68 +/- 0.61 degrees C X h and 3.52 +/- 0.66 degrees C X h, respectively; P = 0.003). We conclude that there is a 100-fold range in the endotoxin-neutralizing capacity of human plasma and that this variation is not due to LPS-specific IgG or IgM antibodies. Further investigations are needed to determine whether differing susceptibility of patients to the effects of LPS is due to differences in the endotoxin neutralizing capacity of their plasma and whether plasma screened for high endotoxin-neutralizing capacity may be therapeutically useful in endotoxemia. PMID- 3908472 TI - Rapid immunotyping of Chlamydia trachomatis with monoclonal antibodies in a solid phase enzyme immunoassay. AB - The technical complexity of determining the serovar of Chlamydia trachomatis strains has limited the use of serotyping in clinical and epidemiologic studies. We developed a simple method for rapidly serotyping isolates of C. trachomatis by using monoclonal antibodies in a dot-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system. Isolates were passaged three to six times in shell vial cultures to greater than 50% monolayer infection, and chlamydial elementary bodies were isolated by sonication and microcentrifugation. Chlamydial antigen was spotted onto a series of replicate nitrocellulose membrane patches and reacted with C. trachomatis-specific monoclonal antibodies. Bound antibody was detected visually by a color reaction by using peroxidase-conjugated anti-mouse immunoglobulins. This method can be routinely applied to 60 or more specimens concurrently. We compared dot-ELISA serotyping with monoclonal antibody microimmunofluorescence serotyping of 124 clinical C. trachomatis isolates and found that dot-ELISA has sensitivity and serotyping accuracy comparable to that of monoclonal antibody microimmunofluorescence. PMID- 3908473 TI - Sensitive method for detecting low numbers of verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli in mixed cultures by use of colony sweeps and polymyxin extraction of verotoxin. AB - High titers of Verotoxin (VT) were released from cell pellets of VT-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC; corresponding to E. coli strains producing "high" levels of Shiga-like toxin) after incubation in polymyxin B (0.1 mg/ml) for 30 min at 37 degrees C. Maximal titers of polymyxin-releasable VT occurred in cells obtained from 5-h Penassay broth cultures and were up to eightfold higher than the peak culture supernatant VT titers which occurred in 8-h cultures. Polymyxin releasable cell extracts of 5-h broth cultures inoculated with mixtures of VT positive (VT+) and VT-negative strains had easily detectable VT titers when the proportion of VT+ cells in the mixture was about 1.0%, but culture supernatants were negative for VT even when this proportion was 20%. The results were the same whether the initial inoculum consisted of broth culture mixtures of VT+ and VT negative strains or colony sweeps (loopfuls of confluent bacterial growth) taken from solid plate media previously inoculated with the broth mixtures. In a clinical study, 80 stool cultures from patients with hemolytic uremic syndrome and family contacts with diarrhea were tested for free fecal VT, VT in polymyxin extracts of colony sweeps (VT/PECS), and VTEC (examination of 20 separate E. coli colonies from primary media for VT production). Of the 80 samples, 40 were positive for at least one of these three tests; all 40 were positive for free fecal VT, and 20 of these were positive for VT/PECS. VTEC (as few as 1 colony out of 20) were only isolated from 14 of the 20 cultures that were positive for VT/PECS. In six cases, the VT/PECS was positive even when none of 20 colonies tested were VT+, suggesting that the procedure was able to detect a proportion of VTEC that was less than one in 20(5%). We conclude that the VT/PECS method is highly sensitive for detecting low concentrations of VTEC in stools and provides a rapid method for screening out stools that are negative for VTEC. The technique should also be of value in epidemiological studies for detecting low numbers of VTEC in animal feces, foods, and environmental samples. PMID- 3908474 TI - H7 antiserum-sorbitol fermentation medium: a single tube screening medium for detecting Escherichia coli O157:H7 associated with hemorrhagic colitis. AB - Escherichia coli serotype O157:H7 has been isolated from outbreaks and sporadic cases of hemorrhagic colitis. There is convincing evidence that it can cause this diarrheal disease. Because of the interest in hemorrhagic colitis, it has become desirable to detect this particular strain in human feces, which usually contains many other strains of E. coli. Two characteristics of the incriminated E. coli O157:H7 strain have made its isolation and identification easier. It does not ferment D-sorbitol rapidly, in contrast to about 95% of other E. coli strains. In addition, the strain has H antigen 7, but only about 10% of other E. coli strains have this particular antigen. To screen for E. coli O157:H7 we devised H7 antiserum-sorbitol fermentation medium (18 g of enteric fermentation base, 10 g of D-sorbitol, 4 g of agar, 10 ml of Andrade indicator, 989 ml of water; all ingredients were mixed, autoclaved, and cooled; 1 ml of E. coli H7 antiserum was then added). Colonies to be screened were inoculated into this medium. Strains of E. coli O157:H7 gave a characteristic pattern; they did not ferment sorbitol and were immobilized in the semisolid medium because of the reaction of their flagella with the flagella antiserum. Almost all other strains of E. coli gave a different pattern; they fermented sorbitol or were not immobilized by the H7 serum or both. Strains which were presumptive positives (sorbitol negative, H7 positive) were then tested in E. coli O157 serum by slide or tube agglutination. The number of strains which were presumptive positive by H7-sorbitol medium but then were not found to be O157 was less than 1%. A second approach has been helpful in deciding which colonies to screen in H7-sorbitol medium. MacConkey sorbitol agar (22.2 g MacConkey agar base [which contains no sugar], 10 g of D sorbitol, 1,000 ml of water) was designed as a plating medium. Stools were plated on MacConkey agar to estimate the number of E. coli colonies and also plated on MacConkey-sorbitol agar to estimate the number of sorbitol-negative colonies of E. coli. These two approaches have proved useful for isolating and identifying E. coli O157:H7 form human feces and from feces of animals infected in the laboratory with this strain. The results suggest that media may be formulated in a similar fashion for detecting other specific strains of E. coli. PMID- 3908475 TI - Evaluation of antisera used for detecting enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in Sao Paulo. AB - The usefulness of antisera in detecting enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains in Sao Paulo was evaluated. Polyvalent antisera detected 49% of ETEC isolates and were more effective in identifying E. coli that produced heat-labile and heat-stable enterotoxins and in strains that produced only heat-stable enterotoxin. ETEC strains not detected by the antisera belonged to different serogroups not isolated in Sao Paulo before; 34% of these strains had undetermined O antigens, and most of them produced only heat-labile toxin. A variation of serogroups over time was especially observed among strains that produced heat-stable toxin. The importance of H-antigen determinations in the effectiveness of ETEC diagnosis by serological methods became evident, as non ETEC strains were also detected by polyvalent antisera, but their serotypes were different from those of ETEC strains. Although antisera can be used to identify O:H types of ETEC strains with accuracy, serotyping cannot be recommended for routine diagnosis. However, such a procedure may be useful for studying outbreaks of ETEC diarrhea if the involved serotypes are already known. PMID- 3908476 TI - Determination of immunoglobulin M antibodies for hepatitis B core antigen with a capture enzyme immunoassay and biotin-labeled core antigen produced in Escherichia coli. AB - A new capture enzyme immunoassay for the determination of immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies against hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) is described. Core antigen produced in Escherichia coli was labeled with biotin and subsequently detected by an avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex. The biotin-labeled core antigen was effective at concentrations as low as 20 ng/ml. Of 561 serum samples from different groups of patients that were tested, 465 samples were negative for other hepatitis B virus markers and also for anti-HBcAg IgM. Sera from the early stages of hepatitis B infection had high levels of anti-HBcAg IgM, and a clear correlation with the acuteness of the disease was observed in 45 follow-up sera from 23 patients with acute or recent hepatitis B. Sera from 21 patients with past hepatitis B were all negative for anti-HBcAg IgM. Twenty serum samples from chronic carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen showed slightly elevated antibody levels for anti-HBcAg IgM. Ten sera which were positive for anti-HBcAg IgG antibodies and had high levels of rheumatoid factor were negative for anti-HBcAg IgM. PMID- 3908477 TI - Rapid detection of bacteremia in children with a modified lysis direct plating method. AB - A modified lysis direct plating method was developed for culturing blood specimens from pediatric patients. The method, which used the commercially available Isolator 1.5 Microbial Tube, consisted of direct inoculation of lysed blood to agar media and into a tube containing modified eugonic broth. During a 4,478-specimen study, 195 of 324 (60.2%) clinically significant isolates were detected within 24 h of specimen arrival in the laboratory. This method offers a rapid means to obtain quantitative blood culture results from pediatric patients and is an alternative to conventional and radiometric broth culture procedures. PMID- 3908479 TI - Removable rapid palatal expansion appliance. PMID- 3908478 TI - Isolation of the Mycobacterium leprae-specific glycolipid antigen, phenolic glycolipid-I, from formalin-fixed human lepromatous liver. AB - A Mycobacterium leprae-specific phenolic glycolipid antigen was purified from Formalin-fixed liver preserved from an advanced lepromatous leprosy patient. Its chemical and immunological properties were compared with those of phenolic glycolipid-I obtained from M. leprae-infected armadillo liver. Based on the findings that the glycolipids from the two sources have the same thin-layer chromatographic properties, infrared absorption spectrum, sugar composition, and seroreactivity, we conclude that large quantities of the phenolic glycolipid-I antigen are produced in human lepromatous leprosy lesions and that Formalin-fixed lepromatous livers and spleens from the prechemotherapeutic era are suitable sources of the glycolipid. PMID- 3908480 TI - Cobalamin malabsorption in three siblings due to an abnormal intrinsic factor that is markedly susceptible to acid and proteolysis. AB - Three siblings presented in their second year of life with megaloblastic anemia that responded to parenteral cobalamin (Cbl). Schilling tests were less than 1%, correcting to 5 to 15% after addition of hog intrinsic factor (IF). Gastric acid analysis and gastric biopsies were normal by light and electron microscopy. Gastric juice contained less than 3 pmol/ml of Cbl-binding ability due to IF (normal, 10-34 pmol/ml) and less than 2 pmol/ml of IF when measured with a radioimmunoassay (RIA) using normal human IF-[57Co]Cbl and rabbit anti-human IF serum (normal, 17-66 pmol/ml). However, RIA employing rabbit anti-hog IF serum gave values of 4-13 pmol/ml of IF (normal, 11-33 pmol/ml). This material had an apparent molecular weight of 40,000 (normal IF = 70,000). The IF from gastric biopsies appeared normal in terms of Cbl-binding ability, ileal binding, molecular weight, and both RIAs. This IF differed from normal mucosal IF, in that it lost its Cbl-binding ability when incubated at 37 degrees C at acid pH or in the presence of pepsin or trypsin. This loss was retarded when [57Co]Cbl was bound to the IF before these incubations. The stabilizing effects of neutralization and Cbl were also demonstrated in vivo. Schilling tests for the siblings of 0.4, 0.5, and 1.0% increased to 2.7, 5.7, and 4.3% (P less than 0.05), respectively, when the Schilling tests were repeated with the addition of NaHCO3 and cobinamide (which allows Cbl to bind immediately to IF). We conclude that Cbl malabsorption in these children is due to an abnormal IF that is markedly susceptible to acid and proteolytic enzymes which cause a decrease in its molecular weight and Cbl-binding ability and a loss of antigenic determinants that are recognized by the anti-human IF serum. PMID- 3908481 TI - Isolation, characterization, and distribution of an unusual pancreatic human secretory protein. AB - An unusual protein was isolated from acid extracts of normal human pancreas and pancreatic secretion in the form of uniform 7-10-nm long single threads without visible axial periodicity or other structure, as seen in the electron microscope. It accounts for as much as 300 micrograms/ml in some pancreatic secretions as measured by specific radioimmunoassay. The protein undergoes a freely reversible, pH dependent, globule-fibril transformation, being stable in the fibril form between pH 5.4 and 9.2. The monomer at acid pH has an apparent molecular weight of approximately 14,000 and consists of a single polypeptide chain, the amino acid composition of which is rich in aromatic amino acids and lacks carbohydrate, fatty acid, and phosphate. The amino acid sequence of 45 residues from the amino terminus shows no homology with any other reported protein sequences other than that of the A chain of the bovine pancreas thread protein (reported elsewhere). A sensitive radioimmunoassay employing monoclonal antibodies against human pancreatic thread protein failed to detect the antigen in a wide range of human tissues other than pancreas, nor was the antigen measurable in normal human sera. Immunohistochemistry utilizing these antibodies revealed the antigen as a component of the cytoplasm of some but not all the pancreatic acinar cells. A physiologic function has not yet been determined for this protein. PMID- 3908483 TI - Biochemical marker in familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy, Portuguese type. Family studies on the transthyretin (prealbumin)-methionine-30 variant. AB - A transthyretin variant with a methionine for valine substitution at position 30 [TTR(Met30)] is found in Portuguese patients with familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP). Effective, rapid, small- and semimicro-scale (immunoblotting) procedures were developed to determine whether or not TTR(Met30) is present in the plasma of an individual subject. The immunoblotting procedure employs only 0.10 ml of serum and can serve as a reliable procedure for the screening of large numbers of persons for the presence of TTR(Met30). In family studies of seven FAP kindreds, TTR(Met30) was found in 21 out of 41 asymptomatic FAP offspring, and its presence was not related to either age or sex. Thus, the mutant TTR segregated in accordance with the known autosomal dominant mode of inheritance of FAP. Total plasma TTR levels were not reduced in asymptomatic FAP offspring who were carriers of TTR(Met30), and no difference was observed between carriers and noncarriers of the mutant TTR. The ratios of the variant to normal TTR in plasma were estimated in asymptomatic FAP offspring and were similar to those found in FAP patients. In contrast, TTR(Met30) was relatively enriched in cerebrospinal fluid samples from two FAP patients. The significance of this finding is not known, but might relate to the preferential deposition of amyloid in the nervous system in FAP. A limited study was conducted involving simultaneous analysis of both stored (collected in 1975) and fresh serum from 20 FAP offspring, all of whom had been asymptomatic in 1975. In every subject, the results obtained with the stored and the fresh serum samples were in agreement. Six of these subjects developed clinical FAP since 1975; TTR(Met30) was present in each of these subjects. These several studies strongly suggest that the presence of TTR(Met30) in plasma constitutes a predictive biochemical marker of FAP in the preclinical phase of the disease. PMID- 3908482 TI - A relationship between ultrasonic integrated backscatter and myocardial contractile function. AB - We have shown previously that the physiologic, mechanical cardiac cycle is associated with a parallel, cardiac cycle-dependent variation of integrated backscatter (IB). However, the mechanisms responsible are not known. The mathematical and physiological considerations explored in the present study suggest that the relationship between backscatter and myocardial contractile function reflects cyclic alterations in myofibrillar elastic parameters, with the juxtaposition of intracellular and extracellular elastic elements that have different intrinsic acoustic impedances providing an appropriately sized scattering interface at the cellular level. Cardiac cycle-dependent changes in the degree of local acoustic impedance mismatch therefore may elicit concomitant changes in backscatter. Because acoustic impedance is determined partly by elastic modulus, changes in local elastic moduli resulting from the non-Hookian behavior of myocardial elastic elements exposed to stretch may alter the extent of impedance mismatch. When cardiac cell mechanical behavior is represented by a three-component Maxwell-type model of muscle mechanics, the systolic decrease in IB that we have observed experimentally is predicted. Our prior observations of regional intramural differences in IB and the dependence of IB on global contractile function are accounted for as well. When the model is tested experimentally by assessing its ability to predict the regional and global behavior of backscatter in response to passive left ventricular distention, good concordance is observed. PMID- 3908484 TI - In vitro prostacyclin production by ovine uterine and systemic arteries. Effects of angiotensin II. AB - Normal pregnancy is associated with reduced systemic pressor responses to infused angiotensin II (ANG II); furthermore, the uterine vascular bed is even less responsive to vasoconstriction by ANG II than the systemic vasculature overall. The mechanism(s) for this refractoriness remains unknown. To determine if vessel production of prostacyclin may be responsible, uterine and omental artery segments were obtained from four groups of sheep, nonpregnant (NP), pregnant (P; 131 +/- 4 d), early postpartum (2.2 +/- 0.4 d), and late postpartum (16 +/- 2 d), and incubated in Krebs-Henseleit alone or with ANG II in the absence or presence of Saralasin. Prostacyclin was measured as 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (6-keto PGF1 alpha). Synthesis of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha was de novo, since aspirin inhibited its formation. P and early uterine arteries produced more 6-keto-PGF1 alpha than NP and late vessels (P less than 0.05): 386 +/- 60 (X +/- SE) and 175 +/- 23 vs. 32 +/- 5 and 18 +/- 4 pg/mg X h, respectively. A similar relationship was observed for omental arteries: 101 +/- 14 and 74 +/- 14 vs. 36 +/- 10 and 22 +/- 4 pg/mg X h, respectively. Furthermore, synthesis by arteries from P and early animals was greater in uterine than omental vessels (P less than 0.05); this was not observed in NP or late vessels. ANG II increased 6-keto-PGF1 alpha production 107 +/- 20% and 92 +/- 16% in P and early uterine arteries only; the threshold dose was between 5 X 10(-11) and 5 X 10(-9) M ANG II. This ANG II-induced increase in 6-keto-PGF1 alpha by uterine arteries was inhibited by Saralasin, which by itself had no effect. During pregnancy, the reduced systemic pressor response to ANG II and the even greater refractoriness of the uterine vascular bed may be reflective of vessel production of the potent vasodilator, prostacyclin. Furthermore, in the uterine vasculature, this antagonism may be potentiated by specific ANG II receptor-mediated increases in prostacyclin. PMID- 3908485 TI - Effect of metabolic clearance rate and hepatic extraction of insulin on hepatic and peripheral contributions to hypoglycemia. AB - Effects of alterations in metabolic clearance rates, hepatic extraction, and plasma concentrations of insulin on hepatic and peripheral contribution to hypoglycemia and glucose counterregulation were studied in conscious dogs. Since insulin and sulfated insulin had markedly different metabolic clearance rates (34 +/- 1 vs. 16 +/- 1 ml/kg per min, respectively) and fractional hepatic extraction (42 +/- 1% vs. 15 +/- 2%, respectively), biologically equivalent amounts infused intraportally produced twofold higher hepatic vein and artery sulphated insulin concentrations and concentrations that were 30% higher in the portal vein. This significantly larger arterial/portal concentration ratio (0.67 vs. 0.45, respectively) permitted assessment of differential distribution of insulin on glucose turnover using [3-3H]glucose. Insulin and sulfated insulin (1 and 2 mU/kg per min) caused similar hypoglycemia. While insulin transiently suppressed glucose production and increased glucose disappearance, sulfated insulin had significantly greater effects on glucose disappearance and clearance, without suppression of glucose production. Despite similar hypoglycemia, sulfated insulin caused greater increment in glucagon. 3 mU/kg per min insulin caused more rapid and greater hypoglycemia, greater glucose clearance, and greater glucagon increments without suppression of glucose production, which indicates that with larger doses of insulin counterregulation can absolutely mask the suppressive effect of insulin. The effects of insulin and sulfated insulin were evaluated using euglycemic clamp to eliminate interference from stimulated counterregulation. Sequential infusion of 1 and 2 mU/kg per min of both insulins suppressed endogenous glucose production to 0 at 150 min, which indicates that the apparent lack of a hepatic effect of sulfated insulin during hypoglycemia was masked by greater counterregulation. This greater counterregulation may reflect greater peripheral glucose clearance, and prevented greater hypoglycemia than after the same insulin doses. The results indicate that the different rates of removal and the total metabolic clearance rate caused different concentrations and relative distribution between the portal and arterial blood compartments, leading to the significantly different contributions by the liver and peripheral tissues to the same hypoglycemia. PMID- 3908486 TI - Insulin-mediated reduction of whole body protein breakdown. Dose-response effects on leucine metabolism in postabsorptive men. AB - In vivo effects of insulin on plasma leucine and alanine kinetics were determined in healthy postabsorptive young men (n = 5) employing 360-min primed, constant infusions of L-[1-13C]leucine and L-[15N]alanine during separate single rate euglycemic insulin infusions. Serum insulin concentrations of 16.4 +/- 0.8, 29.1 +/- 2.7, 75.3 +/- 5.0, and 2,407 +/- 56 microU/ml were achieved. Changes in plasma 3-methyl-histidine (3-MeHis) were obtained as an independent qualitative indicator of insulin-mediated reduction in proteolysis. Hepatic glucose output was evaluated at the lowest insulin level using D-[6,6-2H2]glucose. The data demonstrate a dose-response effect of insulin to reduce leucine flux, from basal values of 77 +/- 1 to 70 +/- 2, 64 +/- 3, 57 +/- 3, and 52 +/- 4 mumol(kg X h)-1 at the 16, 29, 75, and 2,407 microU/ml insulin levels, respectively (P less than 0.01). A parallel, progressive reduction in 3-MeHis from 5.8 +/- 0.3 to 4.3 +/- 0.3 microM was revealed. Leucine oxidation estimated from the 13C-enrichment of expired CO2 and plasma leucine (12 +/- 1 mumol[kg X h]-1) and from the 13C enrichment of CO2 and plasma alpha-ketoisocaproate (19 +/- 2 mumol[kg X h]-1) increased at the 16 microU/ml insulin level to 16 +/- 1 and 24 +/- 2 mumol(kg X h)-1, respectively (P less than 0.05 for each), but did not increase at higher insulin levels. Alanine flux (206 +/- 13 mumol(kg X h)-1) did not increase during the clamp, but alanine de novo synthesis increased in all studies from basal rates of 150 +/- 13 to 168 +/- 23, 185 +/- 21, 213 +/- 29, and 187 +/- 15 mumol(kg X h)-1 at 16, 29, 75, and 2,407 microU/ml insulin levels, respectively (P less than 0.05). These data indicate the presence of insulin-dependent suppression of leucine entry into the plasma compartment in man secondary to a reduction in proteolysis and the stimulation of alanine synthesis during euglycemic hyperinsulinemia. PMID- 3908487 TI - Stimulation of granulation tissue formation by platelet-derived growth factor in normal and diabetic rats. AB - Subcutaneous implantation of Hunt-Schilling wound chambers in rats induces a wound repair response causing the chamber first to fill with fluid and subsequently with connective tissue. The presence of a type I collagen gel encouraged a more rapid dispersion of cells throughout the chamber but had no effect on the rate of new collagen deposition. Addition of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF; 50 ng/chamber) to the collagen-filled chambers caused an earlier influx of connective tissue cells, a marked increase in DNA synthesis, and a greater collagen deposition in the chamber during the first 2 wk after implantation. After 3 wk, however, the levels of collagen were similar in PDGF supplemented and control chambers. Diabetic animals exhibited a decreased rate of repair which was restored to normal by addition of PDGF to the wound chamber. Combinations of PDGF and insulin caused an even more rapid increase in collagen deposition. These results suggest that the levels of various growth factors, particularly PDGF, may be limiting at wound sites and that supplementation of wounds with these factors can accelerate the rate of new tissue formation. PMID- 3908488 TI - Beta-2 microglobulin is an amyloidogenic protein in man. AB - Curvilinear fibrils with the tinctorial properties of amyloid were isolated from a patient with bone and joint involvement complicating chronic dialysis for renal disease. Subunit fractions of 24,000 and 12,000 mol wt were identified after gel filtration under dissociating conditions, the latter containing a significant amount of a dimer of the former. This was confirmed by Edman degradation of each fraction, which yielded the amino terminal sequence of normal human beta-2 microglobulin (B2M) to residues 20 and 30, respectively. The size of the subunit protein (12,000 mol wt) and the amino acid composition make it likely that intact B2M is a major constituent of the fibrils. B2M is thus another example of a low molecular weight serum protein, with a prominent beta-pleated sheet structure, that may adopt the fibrillar configuration of amyloid in certain pathologic states. PMID- 3908489 TI - Psychological adaptation of siblings of chronically ill children: research and practice implications. AB - Studies of the psychological adjustment of physically healthy siblings to their sibling's chronic illness indicate that there is no one-to-one correspondence between the presence of a chronic illness and risk for psychological disturbance in nonafflicted children. Although the presence of a chronic illness may increase siblings' subjective distress, effects of a chronic illness on the psychological adjustment of siblings are selective and vary with age, sex, and type of illness. Chronic illness is a stressor which, in interaction with other variables, may contribute to increased risk of psychological disturbance for some siblings. Although the variables which mediate the effects of a chronic illness on siblings are as yet poorly understood, the quality of family functioning and relationships has both direct and indirect effects on siblings and deserves primary consideration in the comprehensive care of chronically ill children. Future research might profitably focus on individual differences in sibling adaptation, especially on factors which contribute to positive adjustment, the role of the family context as a mediating influence, and evaluation of preventive interventions designed to enhance sibling adaptation. PMID- 3908491 TI - An immunocytochemical study of malignant melanoma and its differential diagnosis from other malignant tumours. AB - A series of 41 fresh and 36 routinely processed malignant melanomas were immunostained with a panel of 12 monoclonal antibodies reactive against a range of epithelial, lymphoid, and melanoma associated antigens. The aim of the study was to determine whether this panel of antibodies would be useful in diagnostically difficult cases for differentiating melanomas from other tumours, particularly carcinomas and lymphomas. The results confirmed that most unequivocal malignant melanomas can be identified by positivity for S100 protein and for the antigen recognised by antibody NK1/C3, and by negativity for epithelial and lymphoid antigens. The incidence of melanomas expressing cytokeratin antigens was higher, however, particularly in cryostat sections than has previously been reported. It is therefore suggested that a panel of antibodies with more than one marker in each category should be used for identifying melanomas in clinical practice. PMID- 3908492 TI - Biopsy findings in cases of rejection of liver allograft. AB - Features of rejection were found in 21 needle biopsies obtained from seven patients after liver transplantation. Wedge biopsies taken peroperatively were used as a baseline for comparison. Rejection was diagnosed by excluding other known causes of graft dysfunction using appropriate methods. In cases in which these criteria were fulfilled a consistent picture of rejection was seen, and this was useful in clinical management. Two features constantly present in cases of acute rejection were: a dense mixed portal inflammatory infiltrate; and polymorphonuclear infiltration of biliary epithelium. PMID- 3908490 TI - Cryptosporidium species a "new" human pathogen. AB - Publications describing aspects of the coccidian protozoan parasite Cryptosporidium, increased greatly during 1983 and 1984 as a result of not only increasing veterinary interest but also in the role of the parasite in the newly recognised acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). The reports reflected widespread collaboration, not only between clinicians, microbiologists, and histopathologists, but also between veterinary and human health care workers. Cryptosporidium was first described in mice in 1907 and subsequently in various other species; it was not described in man until 1976. Several likely putative species have been described, but there is probably little host specificity. Experimental and clinical studies have greatly increased the knowledge about the organism's biology. The parasite undergoes its complete life cycle within the intestine, although it may occasionally occur in other sites. The main symptom produced is a non-inflammatory diarrhoea, which, in patients with AIDS and children in Third World countries, may be life threatening: even in immunocompetent subjects this symptom is usually protracted. Attempts to find effective chemotherapeutic agents have been unsuccessful. Epidemiologically the infection was thought to be zoonotic in origin, but there is increasing evidence of person to person transmission. Diagnosis has depended upon histological examination, but simple methods of detection have now been described: more invasive methods need no longer be used. The parasite, which is found more commonly in children, occurs in about 2% of faecal specimens examined and seems to be closely associated with production of symptoms. A serological response has been shown. Much remains to be learned about its epidemiology and pathogenic mechanisms, while the expected increase in incidence of AIDS makes an effective form of treatment essential. PMID- 3908493 TI - Comparative study of three methods of plastic embedding in diagnostic dermatopathology. AB - Three methods of plastic embedding were assessed for their value in routine dermatopathology. The J B 4, Taab embedding, and Taab transmit techniques were compared for quality, convenience, and safety. The Taab transmit method was the most satisfactory method, being both rapid and simple. An additional advantage is that the resin can be removed and the immunoperoxidase technique carried out on thin sections. PMID- 3908494 TI - Effects of short-term administration of metronidazole on the subgingival microflora. AB - The effect of a 5-day course of systemic metronidazole was investigated in 11 recall maintenance patients over a period of 3 months. Crevicular fluid flow, bleeding on probing, pocket depth, and composition of the subgingival microbiota as observed by dark-field microscopy, were measured. The study design allowed patients to act as their own controls. At baseline 1 (day 0), each patient had a randomly assigned quadrant scaled and root-planed, and received oral hygiene instruction. Microbiological and clinical parameters were measured at baseline 1 (before treatment) and at 3, 6, and 12 weeks in both the root-planed and a designated no-treatment quadrant. At baseline 2 (12 weeks), the contralateral quadrant was scaled and root-planed, and the oral hygiene instruction was reinforced. At this appointment, each patient was given 15 metronidazole tablets (250 mg), 1 to be taken 3 times per day for 5 days. At the end of this period, patients were seen 1-2 h after taking their last tablet, and blood and crevicular fluid samples were taken to determine the concentration of metronidazole by microbiological assay in the serum and crevicular fluid. Microbiological and clinical parameters were measured at baseline 2 (before treatment) and at 13, 15, 18, and 24 weeks in both the root-planed and designated non-root-planed (metronidazole only) quadrants. Results demonstrated that in this group of recall maintenance patients, metronidazole was no more effective than root-planing alone in reducing the relative % of total motile organisms and spirochetes in 5-8 mm pockets. Crevicular fluid flow was, however, significantly reduced for 11 weeks; serum and crevicular fluid levels of metronidazole were similar 1 to 2 h after drug ingestion. PMID- 3908495 TI - The influence of gingival stimulation on recovery from human experimental gingivitis. AB - The present study concerns an investigation carried out to determine the effects of gingival stimulation on the resolution of a human experimental gingivitis. 10 young male dental students participated in the experiment. Following the baseline examination (day 0), the participants were instructed to abstain from all oral hygiene procedures during a 21-day period. Heavy plaque accumulation and gingivitis developed during the 21-day induction period. On the evening of the 21st day, active oral hygiene measures were reinstitued, for an 8-day period, using 2 different methods. For the left side of the maxillary arch, a hygiene procedure including gingival stimulation was prescribed. On the other hand, for the right side, a hygiene method without gingival stimulation was instituted. On both sides of the upper arch, the gingival condition was assessed by means of the gingival index, and soft deposits were assessed by the plaque index (selected teeth: 13, 14, 15, 23, 24, 25). Measurements were performed on days 0, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29. On day 29, ideal oral hygiene conditions and gingival health were re-established on both sides. However, a statistical analysis of the data collected during the recovery period revealed that gingival index scores were temporarily, but significantly, higher on the side where mechanical stimulation was performed, although plaque deposits there decreased more rapidly. Thus the present work supports the idea that gingival stimulation does not in any way improve recovery from experimental gingivitis. PMID- 3908496 TI - Periodontal ligament areas and occlusal forces in dentitions restored with cross arch bilateral end abutment bridges. AB - The aim of the present investigation was to find out to what extent the magnitudes of chewing and biting forces in dentitions restored with cross-arch bilateral end abutment bridges are correlated to the areas of the periodontal ligament supporting the abutment teeth. 12 subjects whose dentitions had been periodontally treated and prosthetically restored participated in the study. The chewing and biting forces were measured in various parts of as well as over the entire dentition simultaneously using 4 strain gauge transducers bilaterally placed in pontics of the posterior (first molar/second premolar) and anterior regions. Based on calculations of the periodontal ligament areas, a new periodontal support index, PSIL, is introduced. This index expresses the relation between the total remaining periodontal ligament area supporting the bridge abutments and total maximal periodontal ligament area if all teeth were preserved as abutments. It is compared with the index of Ante, PSIA, which expresses the relation between the total remaining periodontal ligament area of all abutments and the total maximal periodontal ligament area of all replaced teeth. Within the present group of subjects, PSIL varied from 10 to 44% and PSIA from 17 to 118%. Based on the results of the correlation analyses, it is suggested that in dentitions restored with cross-arch bilateral end abutment bridges, the magnitude of the chewing forces is positively correlated to the areas of the periodontal ligament supporting the bridge abutments, whereas the periodontal ligament areas have no influence on the comparatively larger biting forces. The relevance of the 2 periodontal support indices and the clinical implications of the results of the study are discussed. PMID- 3908498 TI - On the choice of computational unit in statistical analysis. AB - It is stated that in trials where experimental units on different levels (sites, patients, etc.) are employed, the highest level unit should be used as computational unit when computing standard errors and in statistical inference. Using a lower level unit will underestimate the standard error and the level of significance (P-value). A numerical illustration is presented. PMID- 3908497 TI - Some effects of a Sanguinarine-containing mouthrinse on developing plaque and gingivitis. AB - The present clinical trial was performed to assess the effect of a Sanguinarine containing mouthrinse on developing plaque and gingivitis in man. The trial was designed as a blind cross-over study. The active mouthrinse consisted of a 0.03% aqueous solution of Sanguinaria extract; an aqueous solution with similar color and taste as the active rinse was used as the placebo preparation. 14 dental students participated in the trial. At the start of each of 2 test phases, their gingival conditions were normal and their tooth surfaces free from dental plaque. Following a baseline examination, the participants refrained from mechanical tooth cleaning measures for 2 weeks. They rinsed twice daily with either the active or the placebo mouthrinse. Clinical examinations of plaque and gingivitis were repeated after 4, 7 and 14 days use of the mouthrinse preparation. During the second test phase of no mechanical tooth cleaning, the subjects who previously had rinsed with the placebo solution now used the active compound and vice versa. The results demonstrated that the Sanguinarine-containing mouthrinse was effective in reducing plaque formation and retarding the development of gingivitis. PMID- 3908499 TI - Prostaglandins and the protection of the gastroduodenal mucosa in humans: a critical review. PMID- 3908500 TI - A double-blind comparison of orally administered ciramadol and codeine for relief of postoperative pain. AB - Ciramadol, a new analgesic with mixed narcotic agonist-antagonist actions, was compared with codeine and placebo in a double-blind study in 343 patients with postoperative pain. The patients received a single oral dose of either 30 or 60 mg of ciramadol, 60 mg of codeine, or placebo. As indicated by three efficacy measures (verbal and visual analog pain scores and pain relief scores), the three active treatments were superior to placebo in relieving pain, and 30 and 60 mg of ciramadol generally were equivalent and superior, respectively, to 60 mg of codeine. The group who took 60 mg of ciramadol had a significantly (P less than .05) lower cumulative remedication frequency than that for the other three groups and the highest proportion of satisfactory evaluations by patients and physicians. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of side effects (4% to 11%) among the treatment groups. Demonstrated safety and efficacy suggest a role for ciramadol in the treatment of postoperative pain. PMID- 3908501 TI - Antihypertensive effect of carteolol in thiazide-treated hypertensive subjects. AB - The antihypertensive effect of carteolol, a new potent nonselective beta adrenergic antagonist, was investigated in a double-blind, parallel study of 35 patients with mild-to-moderate, essential hypertension whose blood pressures were not adequately controlled with a diuretic. Patients were randomly assigned to receive placebo, carteolol 5 mg, or carteolol 20 mg once a day in addition to hydrochlorothiazide 50 mg for six weeks. Thirty-four patients completed the study: 11 patients received placebo (group 1), 12 patients received carteolol 5 mg (group 2), and 11 patients received carteolol 20 mg (group 3). After six weeks of treatment, the two groups that received carteolol had significant reductions in systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure from baseline in both the supine and standing positions. In group 2, mean SBP decreases for supine and standing positions were 11 +/- 2.1 and 11 +/- 1.9 mm Hg, respectively (P less than .01) and 8 +/- 1.2 and 9 +/- 1.3 mm Hg, respectively, for DBP (P less than .01); whereas in group 3, values were 8 +/- 2.8 and 12 +/- 3.0 mm Hg for SBP, in 5 +/- 1.9 and 9 +/- 3.1 mm Hg, respectively, for DBP (P less than .01). The hypotensive effect was associated with slight but significant decreases in heart rate (P less than .01 in group 2 and P less than .05 in group 3). Reductions in SBP and DBP with the 20-mg dose were not significantly different from those with the 5-mg dose.2+ moderate hypertension. PMID- 3908502 TI - The discovery of the physical basis of language during the eighteenth century in Europe. AB - Reflection about the relationship between language and body has a long history. In spite of the fact that for centuries the most audacious thinkers and philosophers have established a close link between brain and speech, it is the merit of the century of enlightenment to have examined the problem of these relationships. To accept the fact that language was a product of the physical nature of humans, it was necessary to demonstrate that language abilities could originate from our activities and not from a gift of God and to explain that language was in fact the product of human social life. This article shows the most significant steps of these efforts by the thinkers of the eighteenth century to reevaluate in a more realistic way the whole problem of language's origin and of the physical conditions that determine the acquisition of speech by humankind. Meanwhile, new theories about the brain and the nervous system give some support to those who definitely wish to see language merely as a human product. PMID- 3908503 TI - Morphology of physiologically identified slowly adapting lung stretch receptor afferents stained with intra-axonal horseradish peroxidase in the nucleus of the tractus solitarius of the cat. I. A light microscopic analysis. AB - The present series of experiments was designed to study the organization of preterminal processes and synaptic boutons of single physiologically identified slowly adapting receptor (SAR) pulmonary stretch afferent fibers. Intra-axonally injected horseradish peroxidase-wheat germ agglutinin (HRP-WGA) conjugate was used as the label. In the first paper, we describe the pattern of arborization of axon collaterals from single physiologically identified SAR afferent fibers evident in the various subnuclei of the nucleus of the tractus solitarius (nTS). In the second paper, details are presented regarding the ultrastructure of these synaptic boutons and axon collaterals. A number of significant findings resulted from this study: (1) A single lung stretch SAR afferent fiber arborized over a considerable distance rostrocaudally in the brain stem (1,700-2,100 microns). (2) A single lung stretch SAR afferent fiber terminated as hundreds of bouton terminals (650-1,180). (3) There was a remarkable consistency in the subnuclei of the nTS that received these terminal arborizations of SAR afferents. (4) The ventral (vnTS), intermediate (nI), ventrolateral (vlnTS), and interstitial (ni) subnuclei of the nTS were the only regions of the nTS receiving bouton terminals of SAR afferent fibers. (5) Under the light microscope the pattern of termination of SAR afferents was similar in all the axons studied in this series. (6) The injected parent axon in each case could be followed in the TS at all levels and remained consistent with regard to position and orientation and could be traced rostrally to levels as far as 3.5 mm rostral to the obex whereas the region of terminal arborization was located around 1.7-2.1 mm rostral to the obex. This pattern indicates that a single lung stretch SAR afferent fiber descends caudally upon entering the nTS. In the cat vagal afferent fibers are known to enter the medulla at levels between 0.5 mm and 3.2 mm rostral to the obex (Kalia and Mesulam, '80a). The results of the light microscopic analysis presented in this article indicate that lung stretch (SAR) afferents from the lungs and tracheobronchial tree have distinctly localized patterns of distribution in the nTS. In addition, these findings support the concept that representation of pulmonary afferents in the medulla is constituted by a differentiated distribution of nerve terminals in the various subnuclei of the nTS. Modality specific localization (SAR afferents in this case) appears to be predominant in the nTS. The widespread rostrocaudal distribution of the terminal field of a single lung stretch SAR afferent is remarkable.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3908504 TI - Topical acyclovir treatment of herpes zoster in immunocompromised patients. AB - Topical acyclovir favorably influences the healing of localized herpes zoster in immunocompromised patients. This therapy, or placebo, was applied to forty-three patients in a random access, double-blind trial, four times daily for 10 days, beginning within 72 hours after the onset of skin lesions. The mean time to pustulation is decreased from 12.4 to 6.7 days and the mean time to crusting is decreased from 16.0 to 11.4 days (p = 0.038 and 0.086, respectively) by topical treatment. The mean time to 50% healing is decreased from 24.5 to 15.2 days and the mean time to 100% healing is decreased from 34.9 to 25.8 days (p = 0.023 and 0.033, respectively). Favorable effects in treated patients are not associated with a more rapid decline in lesion virus titer, but do accrue without any toxicity. PMID- 3908505 TI - Erythema chronicum migrans: Afzelius and Lipschutz. PMID- 3908506 TI - Ulcerative lichen planus with associated sicca syndrome and good therapeutic result of skin grafting. PMID- 3908507 TI - The effect of topical minoxidil on blood pressure. PMID- 3908508 TI - Lymphomatoid papulosis: a premalignant T cell disorder. AB - In an attempt to better define the process of lymphomatoid papulosis, two cases were studied by means of light and electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry studies, including the use of monoclonal antibodies, and cytogenetic technics. About 90% of the dermal lymphoid infiltrate, including the atypical cells, reacted with antibodies that define helper-inducer T cells. Only a few cells, about 5%, reacted with antibodies that define cytotoxic-suppressor T cells. Langerhans cells were increased mostly within the epidermis, and in the dermis they were in close proximity to lymphoid cells. Cytogenetic studies disclosed an abnormal hypertetraploid karyotype in dividing cells from the skin lesion, whereas skin fibroblast and phytohemagglutinin-stimulated cells from peripheral blood cultures had a diploid karyotype. The results support the concept that lymphomatoid papulosis is a disorder characterized by a predominance of helper inducer T cells, including the atypical cells bearing an abnormal karyotype. PMID- 3908509 TI - Addition of a topically applied corticosteroid to a modified Goeckerman regimen for treatment of psoriasis: effect on duration of remission. AB - A double-blind parallel group study was undertaken to assess the effect of adding a topically applied corticosteroid cream to a modified Goeckerman regimen to treat patients with psoriasis. Nineteen patients with psoriasis were treated with either this regimen and hydrocortisone valerate cream or the regimen and vehicle cream. Patients were given daily treatments until their skin cleared or until twenty-eight treatments were received. They were then followed up until rebound or relapse occurred or 6 months had passed. The addition of hydrocortisone valerate cream to the modified Goeckerman regimen led to relapse after 5.9 weeks in comparison with 17.9 weeks for the control group. PMID- 3908510 TI - Bullosis diabeticorum. Report of a case with a review of the literature. AB - The case of a male diabetic patient with recurrent bullous lesions restricted to the hands is reported. Areas of spongiosis in the epidermis, as well as subepidermal blister formation, were observed in repeated biopsies. On electron microscopy, separation was seen at the level of the lamina lucida. No immunopathology was observed in involved skin. A review of forty-four reported cases of bullosis diabeticorum is given. PMID- 3908511 TI - Sulfone treatment of granuloma annulare. AB - Although spontaneous remission of granuloma annulare is not uncommon, most cases are chronic and resistant to a variety of therapeutic modalities. In our study we confirm the beneficial effect of dapsone treatment in patients with localized or generalized granuloma annulare. The results indicate that dapsone is a useful drug to control or at least to improve skin lesions in the majority of patients. PMID- 3908512 TI - Effect of anatomic location on immunofluorescence in lichen planus. PMID- 3908513 TI - Cutaneous tissue repair: practical implications of current knowledge. II. AB - This article reviews the scientific basis for the certain factors that delay wound repair in the clinical setting. A brief history of wound healing is given, followed by a discussion of endogenous local factors (bacterial infection, hypoxia, foreign body, and desiccation) and endogenous systemic factors (nutritional deficiencies, aging, coagulation disorders, and the Ehlers-Danlos syndromes) associated with poor wound repair. Also reviewed are the mechanisms by which exogenously administered agents (glucocorticoids, antineoplastic agents, and anticoagulants) may delay healing. Commonly used topical antimicrobials, their spectrum of activity, and evidence of effects on wound healing are examined. Finally, properties of commercially available wound coverings and wound care in the future are discussed. PMID- 3908514 TI - Atopic eczema unresponsive to evening primrose oil (linoleic and gamma-linolenic acids). AB - This study was designed to look at the effect of evening primrose oil (linoleic and gamma-linolenic acids) as an oral supplement for patients with atopic eczema. We used a double-blind, blocked crossover design with random assignment of patients to treatment groups. We used Wilcoxon's signed-ranks method of comparing changes during the trial. We observed no significant effect on erythema, scale, excoriation, lichenification, or overall severity in 123 patients with atopic eczema of average severity while they took oral doses of evening primrose oil (2 or 4 gm in children, 6 or 8 gm in adults). PMID- 3908516 TI - Hermann K. B. Pinkus, M.D. 1905-85. PMID- 3908515 TI - Melanocyte autologous grafting for treatment of leukoderma. AB - Patients with three types of leukoderma--vitiligo, idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis, and postinflammatory leukoderma--had successful repigmentation after transplantation of autologous melanocytes. The procedure was performed easily by producing blisters on normal skin and on depigmented lesions. Blisters were produced by suction or by freezing with liquid nitrogen. The roof of the blister from donor skin was grafted to the raw surface of the recipient site. Repigmentation was visible within 7 to 14 days. Direct immunofluorescence staining with bullous pemphigoid antibodies suggested that the separation of the epidermis from the dermis occurs within the lamina lucida. Histochemical studies confirmed the absence of dopa-positive cells in the areas of leukoderma prior to grafting. Melanocytes were present in the successful grafts. PMID- 3908517 TI - Remembering Hermann Pinkus. PMID- 3908518 TI - Oral lupus erythematosus: markers of immunologic injury. AB - Tissue speciments were taken from three regions in a patient with oral progressive lupus erythematosus (LE): the tongue, the buccal mucosa and clinically uninvolved cutaneous tissue. They were subjected to immunocytochemical studies by use of markers. HLA-DR antigen expression on mucosal epithelial cells was found in association with a predominance of activated helper T-Cells in the lesional tissue. Langerhans cells (OKT-6) and B-cells (Leu-IO, B1 and B2) were nearly absent in the mucosal lesions. The presence of populations of macrophages (MY-4) in the lesional epithelium might suggest an important role for these cells, rather than for Langerhans cells, in the afferent limb of cellular immunity in this case of LE. PMID- 3908519 TI - NADP-linked dehydrogenases in secreted milk. AB - The activities of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, malic enzyme, lactate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase have been determined in secreted milk from sows, rats and rabbits. Within each species, although there was considerable variation in the absolute activities of these enzymes, the relative activities were similar to those observed for, or previously published for mammary homogenates. The only exception was milk glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase which tended to lose activity upon prolonged storage in the mammary gland. These results suggest that the pattern of milk enzymes can be an accurate reflection of that occurring in the mammary gland. PMID- 3908520 TI - Immune defences at mucosal surfaces in ruminants. PMID- 3908521 TI - An immunocytochemical study of the human odontoblast process using antibodies against tubulin, actin, and vimentin. AB - An immunofluorescence technique was applied at the light microscope level to human third molar coronal dentin in order to localize the intracellular components tubulin, vimentin, and actin. Third molars were split immediately upon extraction, and immersed in periodate-lysine-paraformaldehyde fixative. The crowns were demineralized, dehydrated, and wax-embedded, and 6-micron sections were prepared. The sections were post-fixed in -20 degrees C acetone, and then incubated with monoclonal mouse anti-tubulin, anti-vimentin, or anti-actin antibodies, followed by fluorescein-conjugated sheep anti-mouse immunoglobulins. Intratubular immunofluorescence labeling for tubulin and vimentin was very similar in pattern and intensity and extended to the dentino-enamel junction. In contrast, the actin labeling appeared less intense and more punctate, and was located primarily in the pulpal half of the crown, although some labeling was detectable up to the dentino-enamel junction. The presence of tubulin-, vimentin , and actin-containing structures extending to the dentino-enamel junction supports the hypothesis that the odontoblast process does extend to the dentino enamel junction in the human, and is in agreement with earlier studies of rat molars. PMID- 3908522 TI - A comparative study of the effectiveness of a nonpetroleum and a petroleum moisturizing agent on healing of stage I and stage II skin lesions. PMID- 3908523 TI - Clinical significance of subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus skin lesions. PMID- 3908524 TI - Defective unscheduled DNA synthesis in primary-cultured keratinocytes in a case of xeroderma pigmentosum. PMID- 3908525 TI - Mononuclear cell versus monocyte chemotaxis in psoriasis. PMID- 3908526 TI - Epidermal Langerhans' cells in Granuloma Annulare. PMID- 3908527 TI - Correlation of morphological, bacteriological, histopathological and immunological feature of leprosy. A double-blind study. PMID- 3908529 TI - Congenital onychodysplasia of the index fingers. An abnormal grip theory. PMID- 3908528 TI - Topical application of 3-carbethoxypsoralen plus UVA in the treatment of psoriasis. PMID- 3908530 TI - Pigmented freckles on the sole of acral lentiginous melanoma in situ. PMID- 3908531 TI - Neurocutaneous melanosis: electron microscopic comparison of the pigmented melanocytic nevi of skin and meningeal melanosis. PMID- 3908532 TI - Multiple cutaneous plasmacytomas observed in IgD myeloma. PMID- 3908533 TI - Glycosaminoglycan metabolism in atrophied skin from a patient treated with long term administration of corticosteroids. PMID- 3908534 TI - Pigmentary demarcation lines associated with pregnancy in Japanese. A case report of a Japanese woman. PMID- 3908535 TI - Cytodiagnosis of malignant melanoma by the touch-fluorescence method. PMID- 3908536 TI - The effects of walnuts on Behcet's syndrome in two sisters. PMID- 3908538 TI - Analytical approaches for biomedical elemental analysis. AB - Several different analytical systems are available for biomedical elemental analysis related to human nutrition. The principle, detection limits, analytical artifacts, and applications are presented for the following analytical systems for elemental analysis classified by sample volume: macro volume systems--flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS) and inductively coupled plasma (ICP); micro volume systems--electrothermal atomization (graphite furnace) atomic absorption spectroscopy (ETA-AAS) and x-ray fluorescence (XRF); and ultramicro volume systems--electron probe x-ray microanalysis (EPX) and laser microprobe mass analysis (LAMMA). PMID- 3908537 TI - [Regulation of the intracellular concentration of low-molecular substances in bacteria]. PMID- 3908539 TI - History of the Journal of the American Optometric Association. PMID- 3908540 TI - Effects of intravenous infusion of doxorubicin on blood chemistry, blood pressure and heart rate in rabbits. AB - The effects of a 1 h continuous infusion of doxorubicin (12.5 mg kg-1, 200 mg M 2) on blood chemistry was examined in rabbits over a 6-h period. Plasma glucose levels remained unchanged while insulin levels were significantly decreased to 39, 45 and 61% of the zero time value (12.8 +/- 2.9 ng ml-1) at 30, 60 and 120 min, respectively, after starting the drug infusion. Plasma cortisol levels were increased to 141, 140 and 131% of the initial zero time value (12.3 +/- 2.2 ng ml 1) at 120, 240 and 360 min, respectively. Doxorubicin had no effect on plasma electrolytes, osmolality and urea nitrogen but significantly increased plasma creatinine over the corresponding control value (2.2 +/- 0.8 micrograms ml-1 to 4.9 +/- 0.7 micrograms ml-1) at 120 min and the level remained elevated for the remaining period of the study. Systolic and diastolic pressure, and heart rate were also depressed at 240 and 360 min. The data collected in the present study indicate that the doxorubicin infusion might have a direct effect on beta cells in the pancreas as well as muscle tissue. Changes in cortisol, blood pressure and heart rate appear to be secondary to other effects produced by doxorubicin. PMID- 3908541 TI - [Chorioretinopathy caused by migration of caterpillar hairs. Apropos of 2 cases]. AB - Caterpillars cause many ocular lesions by a pathogen agent coming from their coating: the hairs. These can enter into the eye ball and migrate in the ocular tissues; a secondary inflammatory reaction to the foreign body will appear. This reaction is due to the hairs themselves as foreign body, but also partly to their contents: a liquid toxin which contains proteins, lipids and other components. The morphological configuration of the hair favours its migration in the tissues. Among the different lesions observed, chorio retinopathies are not very frequent, but their clinical aspect is quite characteristic and they are easier to recognize when they are associated with intra crystalline caterpillar hairs. Two cases of chorio retinopathies had been recorded. Both had hairs inside the lens and important hyalitis. One had the very characteristic "track-shaped" scars in the eye-fundus. The other had a focal chorio retinitis above the inferior temporal artery and developed a retinal tear. Local and general corticotherapy was applied, but the effect was not adequate. Vitrectomy was performed in the two patients with a good functional result. This seems to prove that vitrectomy may be useful for the important hyalitis secondary to the intra ocular migration of caterpillar hairs. PMID- 3908542 TI - [Points of history apropos of Foville's 1st publication]. PMID- 3908543 TI - Calmodulin in various insulin secreting cell types. AB - The involvement of the Ca2+ binding protein, calmodulin, in the regulation of insulin release was studied. Calmodulin was measured in isolated rat islets, rat insulinoma cells, the insulin secreting cell line (RINm5F) and in islets isolated from normal and diabetic Chinese hamsters. Total content of calmodulin was determined by a radioimmunoassay using a rabbit anti-calmodulin serum and was found to lie in the range of 4 to 7 micrograms/ml protein. When rat islets were maintained in tissue culture for 6 days at 2.8 or 8.3 mM glucose, the content of calmodulin of the two groups was similar. Likewise there was no difference in calmodulin content between islets from normal and diabetic hamsters. This study suggests that a variation of the total cellular calmodulin does not play a role in the process of insulin secretion. PMID- 3908544 TI - Plasma lipoproteins and lipoprotein lipase in young diabetics with and without ketonuria. AB - Plasma lipoprotein and lipoprotein lipase activity have been evaluated in young diabetics with and without ketonuria and in healthy controls of the same age. Fifteen (age range 7-23 years) newly detected diabetics (8 with ketonuria, 7 non ketonuric) have been examined before starting the treatment. Five healthy medical students (age range 19-21 years) have also been studied. Both ketotic and non ketotic patients showed an impaired insulin and C-peptide response to the glucose load in comparison to controls. Ketotic patients had low lipoprotein lipase activity (p less than 0.01) and high density lipoprotein (p less than 0.01); total plasma Triglycerides and VLDL Triglyceride and Cholesterol were higher than in controls. Plasma Triglyceride and VLDL Triglyceride and Cholesterol were inversely related to lipoprotein lipase activity. Low lipoprotein lipase activity, from adipose tissue and muscle, has been found to be associated with hypertriglyceridemia and reduced HDL Cholesterol in young diabetic patients with ketonuria. PMID- 3908545 TI - [Multiple cancers. Apropos of a quadruple cancer]. AB - A woman of 48 years of age presented over a period of twelve years with, successively, a cancer of the rectum, a cancer of the breast, cancer of the scalp and finally of the endometrium without metastases. Her general condition stayed good. We have looked into the nosological, statistical, pathogenic and prognostic features of multiple cancers. It does seem that the hormone state may be the trigger for this polycancerous condition (hyperoestrogenaemia). This was linked to an alimentary factor (obesity) and to a family history of a predisposition to cancer, as our patient was the tissue of a blood-related marriage and a member of a family where the incidence of cancer was 40%. Multiple cancers are 2.42% of all cancers but are mainly double or triple cancers. There are only 20 cases of quadruple cancers in the literature. One can divide these into: Cancers with a short interval between each appearance of simultaneous appearances, which usually occur at an advanced age, due to simple chance and often with a bad prognosis. Cancers that occur at longer intervals in younger people, which are rarer and show a family predisposition or endogenous factors. Their prognosis is as a whole better. PMID- 3908547 TI - Wedge-shaped grafts for scaphoid nonunions. PMID- 3908546 TI - Effect of acute hypoglycaemia on cerebral metabolic rate in fetal sheep. AB - Studies were carried out in 11 fetal sheep four days after surgery for insertion of catheters and electrocortical leads. After a 3 h control period an insulin infusion was given to the ewe and maintained for the next 4 h. Fetal arterial glucose fell from 0.85 +/- 0.10 to 0.57 +/- 0.06 mM (SEM) while oxygen content was unchanged (3.80 +/- 0.24 to 3.75 +/- 0.21 mM). Cerebral uptake of oxygen and glucose were determined from samples drawn simultaneously from the axillary artery and sagittal vein and cerebral blood flow (microsphere technique). There was no significant change in uptake of either oxygen or glucose by the fetal brain. We conclude that a rapid fall in fetal glucose levels with no change in oxygen content does not result in decrease in cerebral metabolism measured over a short term. PMID- 3908548 TI - Hands on stamps. PMID- 3908549 TI - Prevention of trauma: cooperation toward a better working environment. PMID- 3908550 TI - Improvement in the results in sixty-four ulnar nerve sections associated with arterial repair. PMID- 3908551 TI - Medicare reimbursement for hospice care: ethical and policy implications of cost containment strategies. AB - In several areas of health policy, current concern over rising costs has generated considerably political support for reforms that many in the business have advocated unsuccessfully on philosophical, ethical, or humanitarian grounds for years. Thus, for example, the spiraling cost of caring for the mentally ill and the developmentally disabled in an institutional setting has breathed new life into proposals to bring these groups out into the community where they can live more independently--and more cheaply. But this overlap of quality and frugality goals is only partial. Although alliances with cost-cutters can bring reform, health policy reformers are discovering that they may have to accept a lot of bathwater along with the baby. Medicare reimbursement for hospice care, authorized by Section 122 of PL 97-248, the Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act of 1982, provides one recent example of this dilemma. This article discusses the results of a survey--conducted by the Office of the Inspector General of the Department of Health and Human Services--to discover how many hospices would seek certification for reimbursement by Medicare, how many patients would be served, and the consequences of this legislation for cost, access, and quality of service. PMID- 3908552 TI - Technocratic corporatism and administrative reform in Medicare. AB - For two decades administrators of Medicare have tried to reconcile the competing goals adopted by the program's political creators--meeting obligations to the beneficiaries of a social insurance system, maintaining peace with and the participation of providers, and protecting the federal budget. Administrative efforts to balance these objectives have evolved in three phases. The search of the late 1960s for measures to placate providers and win consensus among them, gave way in the early and mid-1970s to new organizations and programs (Professional Standards Review Organizations, capital expenditure review, and others) that would impose controls on the program at the state and local levels, which in turn have yielded to more centralized and direct strategies, notably the prospective payment system adopted in 1983. The new federal activism may be initiating a period of "technocratic corporatism," in which administrators and providers will engage in increasingly structured negotiations over the details of reimbursement policies. PMID- 3908553 TI - Klebocin typing--an improved method. PMID- 3908554 TI - Outbreak of Shigella dysenteriae type-1 dysentery in Himachal Pradesh--aetiologic investigation in Distt: Shimla. PMID- 3908555 TI - Computer technology and nursing practice. PMID- 3908556 TI - Rodney Robert Porter (1917-1985). PMID- 3908557 TI - A modification of the hemolytic plaque test to investigate simultaneously secretion and morphological characteristics of individual cells. AB - A simple modification of the hemolytic plaque test is proposed which provides a morpho-functional approach to the study of secreting cells. The experimental procedure described here, an 'open system' with glass coverslips, involves the association of the reverse hemolytic plaque test performed in liquid medium with Feulgen's reaction used to reveal the nuclear characteristics of the secreting cells. A monolayer cell carpet, prepared with hepatocytes and sheep red blood cells coated with specific antibodies to transferrin, was attached to glass coverslips coated with 2 substrates, collagen and poly-L-lysine. Incubation was performed in a routine liquid culture medium. Under the conditions reported here to obtain an optimal attachment of the cells to the substrates, it was possible to stain hepatocytes after the formation of hemolytic plaques, whilst maintaining the monolayer cell structure intact. This technical modification should be of value in establishing correlations between secretory activity and cellular characteristics. PMID- 3908558 TI - Immunofluorescence determination of IgG following high performance liquid gel permeation chromatography. AB - The application of high performance liquid gel permeation chromatography (HPL GPC) and immunofluorescence for the estimation of a protein was studied using human IgG as a model system following separation of the fluorescent immune complex from free fluorescent-labelled antibody on a column of HPL-GPC. Using FITC-labelled anti-human IgG Fab fragment and HPL-GPC, nanogram levels of IgG could be determined within 5 min of mixing the antigen and antiserum. HPL-GPC immunofluorescence analysis is sensitive specific, simple, rapid and highly versatile. PMID- 3908559 TI - A short computer program for calculating tissue distributions in tumour-bearing nude mice after administration of radiolabelled specific and non-specific antibodies. AB - The short computer program described provides for rapid calculation of tumour and normal tissue distribution data for radiolabelled specific antibody and non specific immunoglobulin in the nude mouse xenograft model. Results are displayed in convenient tabular form and also as a bar graph. Facilities for providing a hard copy of all results are installed within the program. PMID- 3908560 TI - The use of urethane sponge matrix to assess in vivo recovery of murine cellular immunity following syngeneic bone marrow transplantation. AB - A unique method for assessing the in vivo recovery of cellular immunity following sublethal irradiation and syngeneic bone marrow transplantation of CBA/J mice is described. This method employs the serial surgical implantation of a urethane sponge matrix followed by impregnation of the sponge matrix with alloantigen. Sponge matrices were harvested from each mouse subject at 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks post transplant with and without treatment with interleukin-2. Recovery of cellular immunity was assessed as a function of cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity via cell-mediated lympholysis using chromium labeled targets. Repetitive procedures of implantation and removal of the matrices from the same animal were surgically feasible and were exceptionally well tolerated by the animals with insignificant morbidity thereby permitting continuous monitoring of immunologic recovery. Although the results of treatment with interleukin-2 were inconclusive, this method provides a sensitive, technically manageable means by which to assess an antigenic response in vivo at predetermined time intervals utilizing the same mouse subject. The method additionally affords the potential of being applicable to the in vivo assessment and manipulation of other aspects of the immune response. PMID- 3908562 TI - Cytofluorometric quantification of cell-surface antigens by indirect immunofluorescence using monoclonal antibodies. AB - A method has been developed to determine the absolute number of binding sites on lymphoid cells by flow cytometric analysis of indirect immunofluorescence data after saturation the related monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). First, the cell lines RPMI 8402, MOLT-4, CEM and HSB-2 were studied to determine the number of p67, T cell-associated antigen molecules expressed on their membrane, as judged by the binding of radiolabeled T101 (CD5) mAb. Then saturating doses of unlabeled T101 followed by fluorescent anti-mouse reagent were applied to these cell lines in each new experiment in order to build a standard curve relating the mean fluorescence intensity of these known cell populations to the mean number of cell bound T101 mAb molecules. This internal standard curve was a straight line, and it was used to assess the absolute number of mAb molecules bound to other lymphoid cells. The technique was shown to be applicable to other mAb of IgG class even if used in unpurified form. These biological standards can be routinely used as internal references to establish the quantitative phenotype of lymphoid cells. The present method is referred to as quantitative indirect immunofluorescence assay (QIIF). It can be used with any flow cytometer equipped with a microcomputer. PMID- 3908561 TI - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of hepatocyte plasma membrane antibodies. AB - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using plates coated with hepatocyte plasma membranes (HPM) was developed for the measurement of antibodies directed at hepatocyte surface antigens. Precoating ELISA plates with poly-L-lysine (PLL) provided firm attachment for the adsorption of HPM. The use of HPM, in preference to whole hepatocytes, excludes pathologically irrelevant cytoplasmic antigens. In addition, there is no necessity for glutaraldehyde fixation which is commonly used in cellular assays to maintain cellular integrity and which may result in loss or alteration in antigenic specificities. The assay was used to study loss of tolerance to mouse HPM in mice immunized with rat HPM. Three mouse strains were immunized, each strain developed antibodies to rat HPM and autoantibodies to mouse HPM with autoantibody levels reaching a peak 6-10 weeks after commencement of immunization. The correlation between ELISA and indirect immunofluorescence for the measurement of HPM autoantibodies was 0.79 (P less than 0.001) within the serum titration range of 1:25 to 1:200. Antibody to control kidney plasma membrane (KPM) was also measured by ELISA, after elimination of endogenous alkaline phosphatase activity using levamisole. Immunization with rat HPM elicited organ-non-specific autoantibodies to KPM, but these were at lower levels than autoantibodies to HPM. PMID- 3908564 TI - Dissociation of antibodies bound to surface-immobilized antigen. AB - The dissociation of antibodies bound to surface-immobilized antigen was investigated by the ELISA, using a hapten (TNP) as antigen. Antibody binding was found to be stable, and no half-time of dissociation could be defined within 69 h. The role of the bivalence of antibodies and the difference between a homogeneous and a heterogeneous reaction was investigated by comparing the dissociation rate of antigen-antibody complexes formed by monovalent Fab fragments from surface-immobilized antigen and the dissociation rate of TNP lysine from antibodies in a homogeneous liquid phase. Fab fragments were found to dissociate with a half-time value of about 16 h, whereas the homogeneous binding of TNP-antibody dissociated with a half-time of less than 4 h, indicating that both the bivalence of antibodies and the solid phase contributed to the stability of surface-bound antigen-antibody complexes. Qualitative differences between antibodies produced by different clones in a polyclonal antibody response to TNP was investigated by a spot assay. The results indicated that a minority of the antibodies produced had the capacity of binding practically irreversibly to solid phase-immobilized antigen. The impact of the results on the interpretation of data from solid-phase assays is discussed together with the biological importance of the findings. PMID- 3908563 TI - A simple method for efficiently establishing 8-azaguanine-resistant mutant human leukemia and myeloma cell lines. AB - A simple and convenient method for efficiently establishing 8-azaguanine resistant mutant leukemia and myeloma cell lines (for example, the T cell lines Jurkat and CCRF-CEM, human myeloid/macrophage-like cell lines HL60 and U937, Burkitt lymphoma line Raji and the human myeloma line RPMI 8226), is described. The method relies on culturing the cell lines in RPMI 1640 medium containing 8 azaguanine and supplemented with 15% heat-inactivated fetal calf serum and large amounts of amino acids and vitamins, and removes the necessity for pretreatment with mutagenic reagents such as ethyl methylsulfonate or X-irradiation. The possibility of obtaining mutant cell lines using the method described here is about 15 times greater than using media without high levels of amino acids and vitamins. Hybridomas produced between mitogen-activated human peripheral blood lymphocytes and an 8-azaguanine-resistant Jurkat mutant cell line (established by this method) were shown to produce soluble T cell-derived macrophage activating factor (MAF)-like material. PMID- 3908565 TI - A method of membrane preparation for immunoassay. AB - Membranes prepared from a variety of solid tissues were used as solid-phase antigens for ELISA or RIA after fixation onto polylysine-primed 96-well plates. The preservation of antigens in these membrane preparations was tested by reactivity in ELISA using 2 monoclonal antibodies: W6/32, which recognizes an HLA framework antigen (a protein antigen) and anti-SSEA-1, directed to a carbohydrate antigen carried on glycoproteins. Levels of antigen deposition and usefulness as solid-phase antigens were assessed for ELISA as compared to RIA. Coated plates may be frozen for many months with preservation of antigenic activity. This method is relatively simple, rapid, and is useful for preparation of tissue antigens for immunoassay, especially for screening monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 3908566 TI - Rapid and simple identification of mycoplasmas by immunobinding. AB - A simple and rapid method of species identification of mycoplasmas by immunobinding assay is described. Small amounts of antigen of supernatant from cell cultures, broth cultures or clinical specimens were spotted onto nitrocellulose paper. This was followed by application of specific anti mycoplasma antisera. After incubation, an enzyme-conjugated antiserum against the first antiserum was applied. A positive reaction was indicated by the development of intense blue color reaction when substrate was added. This method identified mycoplasma species with monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. It detected 9.3 X 10(3) - 7.5 X 10(4) CFU/ml of organisms depending on mycoplasma species. For identification of mycoplasma, ureaplasma, acholeplasma and spiroplasma species, this assay is useful and rapid compared with other serological methods. In limited studies, the method correlated with microbiological assay of clinical specimens for Mycoplasma pneumoniae. PMID- 3908567 TI - A quantitative stability analysis of human monoclonal antibody production by heteromyeloma hybridomas, using an immunofluorescent technique. AB - We describe a quantitative method of analysis for assessing stability of human monoclonal antibody production by hybridomas. Clones derived from fusion between the SHM-D33 heteromyeloma line and EBV-stimulated human lymphocytes were studied for antibody presence using a fluorescent labelling technique. Frequencies of antibody-negative variants in clonal populations were measured, and measurements on parallel clonal populations were subjected to Luria-Delbruck fluctuation analysis to compute rates of generations of antibody-negative cells. Independent hybridoma clones exhibited a range of stabilities and the corresponding rates varied between 5 X 10(-4) and 6 X 10(-2) cell-1 generation-1. Rates of generation of antibody-negative variants for the more stable heteromyeloma hybridomas compared well with those of 2 established mouse hybridoma lines tested (less than 10(-3) cell-1 generation-1). There was a positive correlation between frequency of antibody-negative variants measured in clonal populations grown to large numbers of cells (greater than 10(7) per culture) and their rate of loss of antibody production. Large variations in frequency of antibody-negative variants were observed in parallel clonal populations, suggesting that loss of ability to produce antibody is due to random, mutation-like events including chromosome loss (Luria and Delbruck, 1943). High frequencies of antibody-negative variants may indicate imminent loss of antibody-producing capacity by a clone growing in suspension culture. PMID- 3908568 TI - A simplified method for the preparation of EAC14 intermediate cells using human serum treated with methylprednisolone. AB - The inhibitory effect of methylprednisolone 21-succinate ester (MPS) on the activities of complement components in human serum was studied by incubating human serum with various concentrations of MPS at 37 degrees C for 30 min and then measuring the residual activity of each component in human serum. The formation of EAC1 and EAC14 by C1 and C4 respectively, were only weakly inhibited by MPS at a final concentration of 10 mg/ml. In contrast, the same concentration of MPS completely inhibited the capacity of C2, C3, C5 and C6-9 to induce respective succeeding intermediates. On the basis of these findings a simplified method was devised for the preparation of EAC14 intermediates using human serum pretreated with MPS. PMID- 3908569 TI - Rapid serological analysis of bacterial lipopolysaccharides by electrotransfer to nitrocellulose. AB - Techniques are described for the rapid screening of proteinase K-treated bacterial lysates by electroblot and immunoenzymatic detection to assess O specificity of antigens and antisera. Conditions are outlined which permit the use of a single polyacrylamide gel for both electrotransfer to nitrocellulose and silver staining. Immunodetection of transferred LPS bands was equally sensitive to silver stain when whole cell or O-specific antisera were used. The techniques were utilized to identify at least 4 O-serotypes among sorbitol fermenting isolates of the fish pathogen, Yersinia ruckeri. Observed variations in the electrophoretic mobilities of lipopolysaccharides from 17 field isolates of Y. ruckeri were used to accurately predict the O-serotype. PMID- 3908570 TI - Solid-phase preparation of vimentin-type intermediate filaments for immunoassays. AB - A simple method is described for the preparation of vimentin-type intermediate filaments for solid-phase immunoassays. Bovine aortic endothelial cells were grown to confluency in multiwells, and extracted with Triton X-100 and a high salt buffer. Residual protein in the wells consisted of 53% vimentin as judged by SDS electrophoresis, and the recovery of vimentin was 41%. Methanol-fixed and dried filaments can be used directly for immunological assays. PMID- 3908571 TI - Fluoride: is water fluoridation an effective tool for caries prevention? Its feasibility in India. PMID- 3908572 TI - [Extracorporeal shockwave destruction of urinary calculi after ultrasonic localization]. AB - Shock waves generated by an underwater spark gap discharge, focused by an ellipsoid can destroy most urinary stones extracorporeally. A device were stones are localized by ultrasound and where the ellipsoid itself could move to be positioned in the adequate position would obviate the need for a very expensive two fluoroscopes localisation system, and patient positioning device. A regular ultrasound probe was fixed on a multijointed metallic arm. From the measurements of the angles of every point it was possible to calculate the exact coordinates X, Y, Z, of the probe. This system, thought not extremely flexible allows to perform ultrasound examination of a kidney in the bathtub and localisation of stones in vivo in good conditions. When the stone was seen on the screen, the angles given to the joints were automatically recorded and the coordinates of the stone were instantly calculated with a personal computer. The computer program was able to calculate the displacement of the ellipsoid necessary to adjust its focal point on the X, Y, Z coordinates. The ellipsoid moved through a simple 3 motors system. Destruction of the stone was performed by shock waves. Progression of the disintegration was followed by plain X-rays performed in the bath tube with a portable X-ray apparatus. This device was tested in 7 dogs with stones surgically implanted in the renal pelvis. In every case, the stone was localised and disintegrated in fragments of the order of one millimeter using 700 to 2 000.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3908573 TI - [Role of renal autotransplantation in the treatment of renal arterial lesions]. AB - 112 patients with hypertensive lesions of the renal artery were studied. 33 patients with stenosis of the trunk of the renal artery were operated with autotransplantation. 10 patients had lesions of the main branches of the renal artery and in these cases autotransplantation with the anastomosis of the two main renal artery branches to the two main branches of the hypogastric artery was performed. 24 patients with complex lesions of renal artery branches were treated with autotransplantation associated with extracorporeal repair of the renal artery. 45 patients, with lesions of the trunk of the renal artery were operated by aortorenal bypass. For lesions of the main renal artery, results were better in the group of patients treated by simple autotransplantation (82% of patients cured versus 46% with bypass operation). For lesions involving multiple branches of the renal artery extracorporeal replacement of the renal artery followed by autotransplantation often represents to the sole technique to prevent nephrectomy. Hypertension was cured or improved in more than 80% of cases. We believe autotransplantation to be the best operation for lesions of the renal artery in most cases. PMID- 3908574 TI - In situ characterization of cells in the dermal infiltrates of lepromin reaction using monoclonal antibodies. AB - A study was made on the in situ characteristics of dermal infiltrates in the early and late lepromin reaction with monoclonal antibodies defining T cell subsets, Langerhan cells and Ia like antigens. The early reaction (24 hrs) was elicited either with standard Dharmendra lepromin or leprosin-A and the late reaction (3-4 weeks) was elicited with standard Dharmendra lepromin. In all, 15 biopsies were studied. Most lymphocytes in the infiltrates of both the lepromin and leprosin reactions were positive for OKT 11, Leu 3a, OKT 8 and Ia like antigens indicating thereby the presence of activated T cells. A high proportion of OKT6 + cells were also noticed in the infiltrates of these reactions. In the late reaction, the lymphocytes in the granulomas were predominantly activated T lymphocytes expressing OKT 11, Leu 3a, OKT 8 and Ia like antigens. Leu 3a + cells were scattered diffusely amidst the epithelioid cells. In contrast, OKT 8 + cells were present mainly in the peripheral region of the granuloma. A small proportion of OKT6 + cells were also seen in these granulomas. Ia like antigens and T6 antigens were not discernible on the epithelioid cells. No difference in the number of OKT6 + epidermal langerhan cells was observed in the various types of reactions. PMID- 3908575 TI - Immunological potential of a cultivable mycobacterial strain M. habana against leprosy bacillus in mouse foot pad. AB - A strain of a typical mycobacteria M. habana originally afforded protection against M. tuberculosis challenge in mice, was tested for its immunological potential against leprosy bacillus in the mouse foot pad. The vaccine strain M. habana has arrested the growth of M. leprae into the mouse foot pad better than BCG (Phipps) and unvaccinated control. PMID- 3908576 TI - Vaccination of leprosy patients and healthy contacts. PMID- 3908577 TI - Immunological factors in nasal mucosa of patients with leprosy--immunoperoxidase study. AB - The nature of the sub epithelial zone was established. S.E. shows IgG and IgM activity in tuberculoid group. Lepromatous group did not show any IgM or IgG response. IgE activity was seen in the lepromatous region in exudate and on the surfaces of Macrophages. Lysozyme activity was seen in the mucous acini of lepromatous leprosy. PMID- 3908579 TI - Use of Whatman chromatography paper for serological studies in leprosy in the field. AB - Recently W.H.O. recommended further serological studies on leprosy using samples collected on filter paper strips. A study was therefore taken up at C.L.T. and R.I., Chengalpattu, to find out the relative efficiency of the serological tests conducted on sera and filter paper eluates. FLA-ABS and FA-BCG tests were carried out on 100 paired samples. With the former, exactly the same titres were obtained in 42% and with the latter in 52% cases. Most of the others showed positivity at one-dilution-low titres. In 6-8% cases only, the filter paper technique showed negativity. The correlation co-efficient was +0.87 with FLA-ABS and +0.85 with FA BCG test. The filter paper technique was operationally more convenient and was acceptable without substantially loosing the efficacy. PMID- 3908578 TI - Mouse foot-pad studies with M. leprae--effect of desoxy fructo serotonin (DFS) and related compounds. AB - Mouse foot-pad experiments were carried out to study the effects of DFS and related compounds on the multiplication of M. leprae. Of the 25 cases clinically suspected Dapsone resistance, 8 were found resistant and 14 sensitive to Dapsone by mouse foot-pad experiments. Six were resistant to DFS and 16 were sensitive. Desoxy fructo 5-hydroxy tryptophane as well as Nutrition Antileprosy (NAL) diet were also found effective in suppressing the growth of M. leprae in mouse foot pad. Of the two liposoluble derivatives of DFS tested (DFS LS-I and DFS LS-II), DFS LS-II was found more effective in suppressing the growth of M. leprae in foot pads of mice. PMID- 3908580 TI - Prevalence of drug resistance in Dharmapuri and A. Pallipatti areas of Tamil Nadu. AB - An evaluation of leprosy control project was undertaken in Dharmapuri and A. Pallipatti areas of Tamil Nadu to study the prevalence rate of drug resistance among the leprosy patients. At the end of 5 years of assessment 266 patients were still found to be bacteriologically positive among whom 25 patients were suspected to be clinically dapsone resistant. By mouse foot pad technique the drug resistant prevalence rate was found to be 1.1 per cent in these two areas. PMID- 3908581 TI - Modified suture technique for six-tailed fascia lata graft to slim palmaris longus tendon. A preliminary case report. AB - A modified suture technique is described, which allows to join a very slim tendon palmaris longus (below 3 mm wide) with a many-tailed fascia lata graft (15 mm wide). This technique is useful in case of ulnar palsy in children, where palmaris longus many-tailed graft is desired as lumbrical replacement and where Brand's anastomosis is considered too difficult. One successful case is also shown. PMID- 3908582 TI - [Effectiveness of pulsatile cardiopulmonary bypass on carbohydrate and tissue metabolism soon after open heart surgery]. PMID- 3908584 TI - [Molecular biology of the heat shock proteins]. PMID- 3908583 TI - [Evolution of glycolipids in the vertebrate nervous system--phylogenical distribution of myelin glycolipids and its physiological significances]. PMID- 3908585 TI - [Management of the TMJ syndrome with FKO]. PMID- 3908586 TI - [A clinico-pathological implication of ABO (H) blood group substances expressed in the primary lesion of uterine cervical carcinoma]. AB - The disappearance of ABO(H) blood group antigens seen in the lesions of carcinoma of the uterine cervix has been studied by the Avidin-Biotin-Complex (ABC) method and the results have been correlated with histology and prognosis. The incidence of cases showing complete loss of A or B antigens was increased with progression in the pathological picture of cancer, whereas H antigen, known as precursor carbohydrate chains of A and B antigens, was still sustained even in most cases of invasive cancer. In the tissue of invasive cancer, the complete loss of H antigen was easily able to be demonstrated in the small cell non-keratinizing type of carcinoma, but it is hardly able to be seen in the large cell non keratinizing type and not demonstrated in the keratinizing type of carcinoma. Though no relationship was recognized between the disappearance of A, B or H antigens and parametrial spread of carcinoma or metastasis to the pelvic lymphnodes, the incidence of patients who died within two years after operation was apparently higher in the H antigen negative group than in the H antigen positive group. It is concluded that the disappearance of A or B antigen may correlate with the invasiveness of the cancerous lesion, while that of the H antigen may reflect the grade of dedifferentiation of the neoplasia with the implication of an unfavorable prognosis. PMID- 3908587 TI - Immuno-histological localization of tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) in gynecological malignancies. AB - The presence of Tissue Polypeptide Antigen (TPA) was demonstrated by immunohistochemical techniques in various specimens of gynecological malignancies as well as uterine precancerous lesions and trophoblastic disease. In 82 cases, the overall positive rate for staining was 49%. The relationship between the histological progress of malignancy and the positive rate for TPA was not confirmed, nor was the positive rate directly proportional to the histological typings. A serum TPA level of 160 U/l was considered to be the critical level of immunohistological positivity. PMID- 3908588 TI - Tissue polypeptide antigen and cancer antigen 125 in pregnancy--these two cancer related antigens are oncoplacental? PMID- 3908589 TI - [Studies on the pathophysiology of pregnancy induced hypertension- endocrinological analysis by the method of angiotensin II and NaCl loading]. AB - The responses of plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma bradykinin (BK) and urinary kallikrein like activity (UK) associated with the infusion of angiotensin II (AII) before and after NaCl loading were investigated in pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH). AII was infused step by step (2-10 ng/kg/min) into pregnant women (1st AII infusion). About 10 minutes later 100ml of physiological saline was rapidly infused, and the AII infusion was repeated (2nd AII infusion). PRA decreased dose dependently after the 1st AII infusion in normal pregnancy. But the decreasing pattern of PRA was not observed after the 2nd AII infusion in some cases of normal pregnancy, and was also not observed in many cases of PIH after the 1st or 2nd AII infusion. BK significantly increased after the 1st AII infusion and more remarkably after the 2nd AII infusion in normal pregnancy. In PIH, BK levels before the 1st AII infusion were higher than in normal pregnancy, but after the AII infusion increased less than in normal pregnancy. There was no difference between the rate of increase in UK output in normal pregnancy and in PIH. These data suggest that in PIH the mechanism for control of renin secretion is altered, and the vasodepressor system is stimulated in an in-situ condition, but its reserve function against the AII may be weaker than in normal pregnancy. PMID- 3908590 TI - [Insulin receptors in fat tissue of human and rat during pregnancy]. AB - Insulin receptors in fat cell membranes (10(5)g pellets) were investigated by a conventional incubation method in pregnant and nonpregnant rats or women. Insulin binding in pregnant L20 rats was 8.1 +/- 2.1% (M +/- SD) less than that in nonpregnant rats (14.5 +/- 3.5%) in peripheral adipose tissues (p less than 0.05). In the former a reciprocal rise in the serum insulin level was observed. In pregnant women, insulin binding was determined in subcutaneous fat tissues obtained at cesarean section or other laparotomy. Insulin binding was 29.3 +/- 8.9% in nonpregnant women, and it did not change in early pregnancy (34.3 +/- 6.2%, NS). However, it decreased obviously in late pregnancy (20.4 +/- 6.4%) (p less than 0.05). Scatchard analysis indicated that the decrease in insulin binding was due to the changes in the number of insulin receptors in fat cell membranes. Their Kd values were indistinguishable from each other in rats and women. In addition, insulin binding correlated significantly with Insulin Sum, Glucose Sum at 75g OGTT, TG and FFA in serum. These results suggested that insulin receptors in adipose tissues were suppressed in late pregnancy, and this might be the cause of the "insulin resistance" observed in the maternal body in late pregnancy. PMID- 3908591 TI - [Measurement of blood flow in maternal pelvic artery and umbilical cord artery with the ultrasonic pulsed Doppler flow method]. AB - The maternal pelvic artery was detected with the B-mode, and volume of flow through it measured with the pulsed ultrasound Doppler device in the supine and left recumbent positions. The blood flow state and vascular resistance of the maternal pelvic artery and of the umbilical cord artery were investigated in gestosis and normal pregnancy. The volume of blood flow through the right maternal pelvic artery showed a tendency to increase after the posture was changed to the left recumbent position. The peak frequency (Fp) showed a tendency to increase in gestosis, particularly in the edema group. The spectral width (SWp)/Fp value showed a tendency to be lower in the edema group than in normal subjects, and showed a higher value in hypertension accompanied by proteinuria than in normal subjects. As an indication of peripheral vascular resistance, the pulsatility index (PI) in the maternal pelvic artery was determined, and resistance index (RI) in the umbilical cord artery was also determined. The PI showed a tendency to increase more in gestosis than in normal subjects, particularly in hypertension accompanied by proteinuria. The RI was higher in maternal hypertension accompanied by proteinuria than in normal pregnancy. The hematocrit and fibrinogen vales were slightly higher, though insignificantly, in gestosis than in normal subjects. PMID- 3908592 TI - [Insulin receptors in pregnant nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice]. AB - The dynamics of insulin receptors was investigated in the feto-placenta-maternal system of DM-onset pregnant nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice. Insulin binding experiments were carried out by conventional incubation methods using cell membrane fractions (10(5) X g pellets). The results were as follows. In the case of JCL-ICR mice, used as the control, insulin specific binding in liver cell membranes, which was 26.6 +/- 3.2% in the nonpregnant state, decreased in late pregnancy (20.7 +/- 2.7%). On the other hand, in pregnant NOD mice hepatic insulin binding was 24.3 +/- 1.0%, more than that of JCL-ICR pregnant mice. By Scatchard analyses, these changes were found to be due to the changes in the number of receptors especially in high affinity sites. The serum insulin level was 6.3 +/- 4.2 microU/ml in pregnant NOD mice, which was much lower than that in other mice (nonpregnant JCL-ICR: 14.8 +/- 6.4, pregnant JCL-ICR: 37.3 +/- 18.3). In fetal liver and carcasses of NOD fetuses, insulin binding was also much greater than that in JCL-ICR fetuses. In conclusion, the hormone sensitivity to insulin was accentuated in pregnant DM-onset NOD mice not only in the maternal body but also in the fetus. This is regarded as a metabolic adaptation to the environment in the insulin deficient state of these mice. And it is speculated that insulin receptors are also down-regulated in fetal liver as well as in adult mice. PMID- 3908593 TI - [Antenatal assessment of intrauterine growth retardation by ultrasonic fetal biometry and non-stress fetal heart rate testing]. AB - This paper presented the results of ultrasonic measurements and non-stress tests (NST) in 60 light-for-dates (LFD) fetuses. BPD, FFL, mean abdominal diameter (MAD), HC/AC ratio and EFW were used as the parameters and the rates of LFD detection were evaluated. The effects of antenatal therapy for IUGR were assessed by the analyses of normal deviate values of EFW in treated and untreated groups. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of NST findings were presented. As to the detection of LFD, sensitivity values for MAD and EFW were 66.7% and 53.8% respectively; meanwhile both parameters disclosed the same degree of accuracy, as high as 90.0%. EFW values were well correlated to the actual birth weight and the mean estimation error was 147g. No evident increase in the normal deviate value for EFW was noted in any type of therapy. On the other hand, the value decreased in the untreated EPH gestosis group. The incidences of non-reactive and fetal distress patterns for NST in the LFD group were significantly higher than those in the normal control group. In particular, the high rate of mild variable deceleration and dip 0 was characteristic of IUGR. Quantitative analysis of NST also revealed a high rate (38.4%) non-reactive pattern. However, it showed a slight decrease in the amplitude and frequency of LTV. PMID- 3908594 TI - T3-producing thyroid adenocarcinoma: further studies with immunohistochemical staining directly evidencing the presence of T3 in the metastatic cancer. PMID- 3908595 TI - [Basic and clinical studies in allergy]. PMID- 3908596 TI - [Asymptomatic hematuria]. PMID- 3908597 TI - [A case of toxoplasmosis associated with polyradiculoneuropathy]. PMID- 3908598 TI - [A case of central nervous system dysfunction in systemic lupus erythematosus with serum antineuronal antibody]. PMID- 3908599 TI - [Development of normal-temperature adhesive composite resins for prostheses]. PMID- 3908600 TI - Hand injuries in the textile industry. AB - This paper is a review of the hand injuries occurring in the Yorkshire Wool Industry and referred to the Regional Plastic Surgery Unit for skin replacement, or other treatment, during the years 1965-1984. A total of forty-one cases has been seen, and although the number employed in the industry has fallen about fivefold, the injuries referred yearly have remained approximately constant. An analysis of the types of injury has been made and the improvement in the results is shown with changes in the method of acute treatment. The case for early referral, active initial treatment and early mobilisation is very obvious from the results. PMID- 3908601 TI - Dermofasciectomy and proximal interphalangeal joint replacement in Dupuytren's disease. AB - A case of Dupuytren's Disease is presented in which a combination of dermofasciectomy and proximal interphalangeal joint replacement using a Swanson's prosthesis improved hand function and avoided further digit amputation. PMID- 3908602 TI - Radical digital dermofasciectomy in Dupuytren's disease. AB - Fifteen dermofasciectomies, the excision extending from the distal palmar crease to the distal interphalangeal crease and carried out to the midaxial line on either side are reviewed, stressing the good take of skin graft in well vascularised fingers. The technique is strongly recommended as the first line of treatment in recurrent digital Dupuytren's contracture. PMID- 3908603 TI - A prospective trial of prophylactic povidone iodine in lacerations of the hand. AB - A series of 418 patients with lacerations of the hands were allocated randomly to a control group or to a group where the injury was treated with povidone iodine before suture. The incidence of infected and imperfectly healed wounds was determined seven days later. As well as the effect of povidone iodine on infection, thirteen other factors were also analysed. The overall infection rate of 5.0% and the 38.5% imperfect healing rate were not significantly affected by povidone iodine treatment, although both were reduced. The figures of four other trials were combined with this trial and this showed a significant effect of povidone iodine treatment. There were no adverse reactions to povidone iodine. It is therefore recommended that hand lacerations should be treated with povidone iodine prior to suture. Other factors found to be significantly important in wound infection or imperfect healing were the condition of the dressing, the part of the hand injured and pain. Patients should be strongly advised to keep their dressing clean and dry. PMID- 3908604 TI - Chondrosarcoma of the thumb. A case report of treatment with preservation of function. AB - A case of chondrosarcoma of the thumb treated by excision and reconstruction with a free bone graft is reported. The patient regained excellent function. The indication for this method of conservative resection is discussed. PMID- 3908605 TI - Cross finger flap. A new technique. AB - Avulsion injuries of the thumb resulting in volar defects and loss of neurovascular bundles are presented. Treatment should aim at restoration of the skin and pulp with as near normal sensation as possible. A new technique is described using a cross-finger flap or flaps with transfer of the superficial terminal branch of the radial nerve. It is claimed that this gives near normal restoration of sensation to the tactile surface of the thumb. The fingers may be treated in the same way for similar injuries. PMID- 3908606 TI - Irrigraphy (impedance plethysmography), segmental blood pressure and Doppler velocity metering in the assessment of arterial occlusive disease. PMID- 3908607 TI - [Congenital agenesis of the inferior vena cava. Apropos of a case presenting as an ilio-femoral phlebitis. Contribution of echography and x-ray computed tomography]. AB - The authors report the case of a young patient, 24 years old, hospitalized for a phlebitis of the right inferior member. The cause determined by venous angiography, echography and computed tomography, was a congenital agenesis of the inferior vena cava. This case allows to remember the embryology of the congenital anomalous inferior vena cava, which are rare and often unknown. PMID- 3908608 TI - The future of health and health care: contradictions and dilemmas. PMID- 3908609 TI - Adjuvant chemotherapy of breast cancer. PMID- 3908610 TI - The heart in thalassemia: a comprehensive review. PMID- 3908611 TI - Luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH): I. A new ovulation-inducing agent. PMID- 3908612 TI - Cell surface markers to monitor the process of visceral endoderm differentiation from embryonal carcinoma cells: identification of the stage sensitive to high concentration of retinoic acid. AB - Two cell surface antigens, brushin and FT-1 were effective in analysis of the process of visceral endoderm differentiation. Brushin was detected on both primitive and visceral endoderm, while FT-1 was detected only on visceral endoderm. When aggregates of N4-1 embryonal carcinoma cells were exposed to 10( 8) M-retinoic acid for more than 2 days, external cells differentiated to multilayered and vacuolized visceral endoderm. However, aggregates treated with 10(-6) M-retinoic acid developed an endoderm layer, which remained one cell thick and was not vacuolized. Cell surface properties of the endoderm cells indicated that the high concentration of retinoic acid inhibited the differentiation pathway at the stage between primitive endoderm cells and visceral endoderm cells. By pulsed exposure to 10(-6) M-retinoic acid, the period sensitive to the high concentration of retinoic acid was shown to be around day 4 after the initial exposure to retinoic acid. PMID- 3908614 TI - Management of diabetes in pregnancy. PMID- 3908613 TI - In vivo and in vitro cultured mouse preimplantation embryos differ in their display of a teratocarcinoma cell surface antigen: possible binding of an oviduct factor. AB - By use of a monoclonal antibody, 2B5, in indirect immunofluorescence experiments, it was found that both fertilized and unfertilized mouse eggs obtained directly from the oviduct commenced expression of a cell surface antigen at about 5 h after ovulation. Surface labelling became intense by 16 h after ovulation and persisted over all blastomeres throughout preimplantation development. In contrast, embryos cultured in vitro did not appearance of 2B5 antigen until about 48 h after ovulation, at which time they were at the 2- to 4-cell stage. Antigen expression in vitro commonly began on a single blastomere and did not appear consistently over all blastomeres until the 8-cell stage (72 h after ovulation). Unfertilized eggs maintained for 72 h in culture did not acquire 2B5 antigen. It is postulated that the absence of 2B5 antigen on 1-cell eggs cultured in vitro may be due either to a failure of normal synthesis by eggs as a result of a deficiency in the culture medium, or alternatively, to absence of a soluble oviduct factor which carries the 2B5 antigen, and which normally becomes bound to the surface of eggs after ovulation. The second of these two possibilities was supported by egg transfer experiments which showed that unfertilized eggs within the oviduct became 2B5 antigen-positive even after their prior fixation in glutaraldehyde. By the 2- to 4-cell stage, however, embryos developed their own capacity for synthesis of 2B5 antigen-positive cell surface molecules. This synthesis was inhibited by tunicamycin, suggesting that the antigenic site involved the sugar component of glycoprotein. The range of tissues within the postimplantation embryo and adult reproductive tracts which labelled with 2B5 antibody was found to be very similar to that known for SSEA-1 monoclonal antibody (Solter & Knowles, 1978; Fox et al. 1981; Fox, Damjanov, Knowles & Solter, 1982), and as further evidence of a relationship between 2B5 and SSEA-1 antigens it was found that 125I SSEA-1 antibody could be blocked in its binding to teratocarcinoma cells by preincubation in 2B5 monoclonal antibody. PMID- 3908615 TI - Ovarian follicular growth monitored by ultrasound. PMID- 3908616 TI - Respiratory syncytial virus infection in immunosuppressed animals: implications in human infection. AB - Neonatal cotton rats were treated with cyclophosphamide parenterally for three weeks before intranasal inoculation of live respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Immunosuppressive therapy resulted in severe depletion of lymphocytes from the peripheral circulation, the spleen, and the thymus. In contrast to normal rats, immunosuppressed animals developed severe pulmonary pathology with marked infiltration of foamy macrophages. Persistent degeneration and regeneration of bronchial epithelial cells were also observed, in which RSV antigens could be demonstrated by the immunoperoxidase technique. In addition, large quantities of live virus were recovered from the respiratory tract of these animals for as long as six weeks after infection. Systematic dissemination of RSV, which has never been documented in immunocompetent control rats, was found in four of the cyclophosphamide-treated animals. These results support clinical observations that cellular immunity may be very important in the pathogenesis of RSV infection in the human host. PMID- 3908617 TI - Applications of 13C nmr in the study of biosynthetic mechanism. AB - Recent applications of high-field nmr spectroscopy in the enzymology of biosynthesis are illustrated. The techniques involve the use of 1H-, 3H-, 13C- and 15N-nmr to focus on individual steps of biochemical processes in the formation of natural products and related enzyme-catalyzed events. In the first set of experiments, pulse labeling studies are used to uncover biosynthetic sequences in the porphyrin-corrin pathway. In the second type of nmr experiment, the application of 1H- and 3H-nmr spectroscopy has illuminated the course of certain key biosynthetic steps in the synthesis of porphyrins and beta-lactam antibiotics. These methods have quite general application in biochemical and biological systems. Thirdly, the full magnifying power of the nmr "lens" is used to decipher molecular events during enzyme-catalyzed reactions in solution at subzero temperature and in the solid state. PMID- 3908618 TI - Subacute spongiform encephalopathy (Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease) with amyloid angiopathy. AB - A case is reported of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease associated with amyloid infiltration of cerebral vessels. The duration of progressive dementia was only 4 months. Neuritic plaques were not a feature of the pathology. This report emphasises the association of spongiform encephalopathy with the presence of amyloid in the brain. PMID- 3908619 TI - Clinical trials using polyadenylic-polyuridylic acid as an adjuvant to surgery in treating different human tumors. AB - The results of a randomized trial of polyadenylic-polyuridylic [poly(A).poly(U)] acid given as adjuvant treatment for operable breast cancer were reviewed after a mean follow-up period of 87 months. The overall survival was significantly improved in patients given the adjuvant (155 cases) as compared with the controls (145 cases). A significant benefit was observed in patients with invaded axillary nodes; the best results were obtained in the group of patients with up to three nodes involved, who showed a significant increase in both overall and relapse free survival. The biological response modifications observed after treatment with poly(A).poly(U), namely, production of interferon and increase of natural killer cell activity, are described and their possible role in the mechanism of action of the complex is discussed. The results of a Phase I clinical tolerance study of the duplex in cancer patients will be reported. The aims and protocols of new clinical trials with adjuvant poly(A).poly(U) in different types of tumors will be presented. PMID- 3908620 TI - Myasthenia gravis associated with adrenocortical insufficiency. Report of two cases. AB - Two cases of Addison's disease associated with myasthenia gravis are reported. This association has been described only rarely in the literature. In the first case, there were marked immunological abnormalities. It is most likely that the origin of the adrenocortical insufficiency in the second case is tuberculous. The pathogenetic mechanism of these associations is briefly discussed. PMID- 3908621 TI - Necrotic changes of the spinal cord with immune-complex-mediated disseminated vasculitis in a case of atypical allergic encephalomyelitis. AB - A 42-year-old woman demonstrated recurrent, progressive neurological symptoms of peripheral and central nervous system damage of undefined infectious origin. Laboratory investigations showed abnormalities in the CSF and serum, suggesting subacute viral infection. Neuropathological examination revealed complete, widespread necrosis in the cervical and thoracic segments of the spinal cord with mononuclear and microglial infiltrations. There was pronounced thickening and fibrinoid necrosis of the vessel walls with mononuclear cuffs along the spinal cord. Dispersed, similar but less intensive inflammatory changes were present in the medulla oblongata, midbrain and basal ganglia. Surprisingly, there was diffuse demyelination with only slight glial and inflammatory reactions throughout the white matter of both hemispheres. The finding of coarse- and fine grained deposits of IgG and C3 component of complement in the vessel walls of the spinal cord and vasa nervorum of cervical roots and peripheral spinal nerves, together with positive heterologous complement binding and the results of glycine HC1 buffer elution, suggested immune-complex-mediated disseminated vasculomyelinopathy of the CNS and PNS. Consequent local ischemic changes and hypersensitivity phenomena led to frank necrosis of the cervical spinal cord and to extreme white matter demyelination in the brain. The case was diagnosed as allergic encephalomyelitis in which diffuse demyelination occurred coincidentally with spinal cord necrosis. PMID- 3908622 TI - The neuronal endomembrane system. II. The multiple forms of the Golgi apparatus cis element. AB - The cis element and its associated tubules and vesicles are ideally positioned to play a major role in the sorting of rough endoplasmic reticulum components destined for processing in the Golgi apparatus. Its position is also ideal for playing a major role in the assembly of the saccules which constitute the Golgi apparatus. The present study was undertaken to critically analyze the normal morphology of this Golgi apparatus component. Seventy- to 2000-nm-thick sections of bullfrog spinal ganglia, fixed by osmium impregnation as well as by conventional protocols, were studied using standard and high voltage electron microscopy. Impregnated cis elements were also reconstructed from 170-nm serial sections. These studies found that adjacent neurons within the given ganglion contain cis elements of widely different morphology. In larger neurons, a different cis element organization was also found in different regions of the same cells. Based on structural comparisons, all of the different cis element forms observed could be systematically assembled into a gradual continuum of morphological variation. This continuum was circular in a manner analogous to chromosomal variations seen in highly mitotic tissues. For the sake of discussion, five distinctly different form categories were established. Some forms contained structures that are described herein for the first time. Most notable among these is the cis tubular network, an extensive system of parallel tubules that closely apposed the regularly perforated cis saccule. Osmiophilic vesicles were found to collect in tight clusters that closely apposed certain forms of the cis element. These findings raise the possibility that the cis element and its associated structures may undergo morphological transformations as part of their normal function. PMID- 3908623 TI - Co-localization and characterization of immunoreactive peptides derived from two opioid precursors in guinea pig adrenal glands. AB - Peptides derived from both proenkephalin and prodynorphin have been identified in guinea pig adrenal medulla. In extracts of whole adrenal glands radioimmunoassays directed to the prodynorphin-derived peptides alpha-neoendorphin, dynorphin A, and dynorphin B detected high concentrations of immunoreactive material ranging from 113 to 216 pmol/gm. The concentrations measured by radioimmunoassays directed to the proenkephalin products met-enkephalin-Arg-Gly-Leu and met enkephalin-Arg-Phe were 878 and 484 pmol/gm, respectively. No metorphamide or dynorphin(1-8) could be detected in the adrenals. Leucine-enkephalin immunoreactivity which can be generated from either prodynorphin or proenkephalin could also be measured in the extracts. Gel filtration showed the immunoreactive material, with the exception of that measured by the alpha-neoendorphin radioimmunoassay, to be predominantly of high molecular weight ranging from Mr = 3,000 to 12,000. Immunocytochemistry, using well characterized antisera to alpha neoendorphin and met-enkephalin-Arg-Gly-Leu, demonstrated that the prodynorphin and proenkephalin products were present in the same cells in the medulla region of the gland. The results show that two opioid peptide precursors can be localized in the same cells and exhibit some common features in their processing. As a relatively homogeneous, localized system, the guinea pig adrenal gland should prove a valuable, in vivo model for the study of co-localized opioid precursors. PMID- 3908624 TI - A reevaluation of methodological aspects of a commercial RIA kit for plasma renin activity. PMID- 3908626 TI - Planning alternative delivery systems. An organizational assessment. AB - The tendency to react to circumstance rather than to initiate on its own agenda has been a prevalent response of the nursing profession, in particular, and the health care industry, in general. With retrospective reimbursement, hospitals were reimbursed for what they spent, one of the factors that fostered a reactive mode of analysis and management. With the advent of the prospective reimbursement system--a system that implies the need for forecasting--the mandate for nurse executives to take a proactive stance in managing their product line is clear. The resulting economically constrained environment has challenged nurse executives to devise strategies for efficient patient care delivery without sacrificing commitment to quality. These strategies must be planned to respond to the current changing environment and adapted to meet future changes. PMID- 3908625 TI - A comparative ultrasonic-histologic study in breast cancer tissue characterization. PMID- 3908627 TI - Effects of insulin, amino acids and fasting on myofibrillar protein degradation in perfused hindquarters of rats. AB - The rate of 3-methylhistidine (3-MH) release from rat perfused hindquarters was measured to investigate the effects of insulin, amino acids and fasting on myofibrillar protein degradation. Since release of 3-MH into the perfusate increased linearly and the pool of free 3-MH in the perfused muscle did not change significantly during 2 h of perfusion, it was concluded that 3-MH release reflected the rate of myofibrillar protein degradation. Tyrosine release in the presence of cycloheximide represented the degradation rate of total muscle protein. Insulin suppressed the net release of tyrosine in normal rats, but did not affect the rate of release of 3-MH and tyrosine in the presence of cycloheximide. 3-MH release was not influenced by perfusate amino acid concentrations at zero to 5 times the normal plasma levels. When rats were fasted for one and two days, 3-MH release increased 1.7 and 2.6 times, respectively, compared with the fed rats, which showed that the rate of degradation of myofibrillar protein in skeletal muscle rose just after the beginning of fasting. PMID- 3908628 TI - Effects of aspartame on diabetic rats and diabetic patients. AB - The effects of aspartame (L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine methyl ester) on plasma glucose and insulin levels were investigated in diabetic rats and patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The oral administration of 0.45 mg aspartame per 100g body weight, which is equivalent to 150 mg of glucose in sweetness, to streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats had no effect on the plasma glucose or insulin levels. Also, 225 mg oral aspartame loading, which is equivalent to 75 g of glucose in sweetness, to patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus did not increase plasma glucose or insulin levels, although 75 g of oral glucose loading increased plasma glucose and insulin levels in diabetic patients as expected. Aspartame ingestion for three days at a dose of 24-48 mg per day and the intake of snacks flavored with 240 mg of aspartame also did not increase fasting plasma glucose levels. These results suggest that acute administration of aspartame has no influence on plasma glucose or insulin levels in diabetic rats and patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. PMID- 3908629 TI - Emotional responses to infertility. Nursing interventions. AB - Couples and individuals vary in their responses to the infertility experience. The specific emotional stages that couples and individuals pass through as they cope with their infertility are discussed. Appropriate nursing interventions are suggested for each specific stage. PMID- 3908630 TI - Artificial insemination: an overview. AB - This article presents an overview of the indications for and techniques of artificial insemination, including artificial insemination of husband's/partner's sperm and artificial insemination of donor sperm. Important issues related to psychologic, legal, and ethical concerns are addressed, as well as long-term ramifications and implications for nursing. PMID- 3908631 TI - Pregnancy after infertility. AB - The perinatal nurse has an opportunity to provide specialized nursing care to couples who have achieved pregnancy after infertility. The emotional aspects of infertility and their relationship to the prenatal and early postpartum period are explored. PMID- 3908632 TI - The effects of stress and relaxation on oral digestion of complex carbohydrates: a case study. PMID- 3908633 TI - [Basic studies on the pre-formed compression molding method for polysulfone dentures]. PMID- 3908634 TI - An investigation of three polymeric materials for acid-etch splint construction. PMID- 3908635 TI - Early intervention with mentally handicapped children: a critical appraisal of applied research. PMID- 3908636 TI - The role of crevicular fluid iron in periodontal disease. AB - This article presents a brief review of literature on the role of iron in infection and reports the concentration of iron in crevicular fluid (CF) in humans and beagle dogs. Crevicular fluid from human subjects was collected from gingivitis and periodontitis sites. The CF from beagle dogs was collected from gingivitis and active periodontitis (ligature-induced) sites. The results showed that the concentration of iron in human CF was often higher than in human serum. Also, a comparison between CF collected from gingivitis sites and periodontitis sites revealed a significantly higher concentration of iron in CF collected from the periodontitis sites. The studies in ligature-induced periodontitis in beagle dogs revealed at least a 3-fold increase in iron concentration in CF following ligation compared to the preligation values. Based on the available literature it is suggested that high concentration of iron in CF is not due to serum transferrin or polymorphonuclear leukocyte lactoferrin. Also, this high concentration of iron in CF might play an important role in enhancement of growth and virulence of microorganisms of the subgingival plaque and the initiation of active periodontitis. PMID- 3908637 TI - Rapid identification of periodontal pathogens in subgingival dental plaque. Comparison of indirect immunofluorescence microscopy with bacterial culture for detection of Bacteroides gingivalis. AB - A large body of research implicates Bacteroides gingivalis in the etiology of adult periodontitis, however, the application of this information to clinical diagnosis and treatment has been hampered by the need for a simple, rapid, and reliable means of detecting this microorganism. In the present study, indirect immunofluorescence microscopy using species specific, polyclonal antisera and a monoclonal antibody was evaluated in the clinical identification and quantitation of B. gingivalis in human subgingival dental plaque. One hundred and twenty subgingival plaque samples were obtained from predetermined sites by means of sterile paper points from 20 human subjects including 10 adult periodontitis patients and 10 periodontally normal subjects. The proportions of cultivable B. gingivalis in each sample were determined following anaerobic culture on nonselective blood agar media and selective media containing kanamycin. These results were then compared to quantitative estimates of B. gingivalis by indirect immunofluorescent microscopic evaluation of heat-fixed plaque smears. Using both immunofluorescence microscopy and bacterial culture, the present study confirms the importance of B. gingivalis in adult periodontitis previously described by culture. The organism was cultivable from 70% of the adult periodontitis patients but not from any of the normal adults. In contrast, indirect immunofluorescence microscopy detected the organism in up to 40% of the subgingival sites in 100% subgingival sites in 100% of the adult periodontitis patients as well as four sites in the periodontally normal subjects. The sensitivity of indirect immunofluorescence microscopy compared to culture ranged from 91 to 100% while the specificity varied from 87 to 89%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3908638 TI - Usefulness of subtraction radiography in the evaluation of periodontal therapy. AB - Subtraction radiography, a sensitive and accurate technique for identifying alveolar crestal change from standardized pairs of radiographs, is useful in monitoring periodontal therapy. One half of the radiographs were found to be appropriate for subtraction analysis using present technology for taking standardized radiographs. The criterion for usability was identical interpretation of subtraction images made in duplicate from a pair of radiographs. A set of radiographs was analyzed by subtraction radiography as well as by measurement of alveolar bone-crest height. Subtraction radiography was found to be more sensitive in detecting change. Whereas 53% pairs of radiographs showed a change on subtraction radiography, only 14% showed a change in crest height. Comparison of change by subtraction radiography and probing attachment level showed an overall correlation. Since these two measures assess different aspects of the periodontium, perfect correlation was not expected. PMID- 3908639 TI - Serum and gingival fluid antibodies as adjuncts in the diagnosis of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans-associated periodontal disease. AB - Serum antibody titers to Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans were measured in 200 subjects by an enzyme-lined immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using whole microorganisms as antigen. Comparisons were made between titers found in periodontally normal subjects and titers in subjects with localized juvenile periodontitis (LJP), postlocalized juvenile periodontitis, generalized juvenile periodontitis or adult periodontitis. It was found that titers to all three serotypes of A. actinomycetemcomitans were elevated in LJP patients' sera, while serum antibody levels in other diseased groups were not significantly elevated to any of the serotypes. Patient sera were also examined for serum antibody to oral Haemophili previously shown to cross-react with A. actinomycetemcomitans. Similar antibody titers were found in both normal subjects and in patients with various forms of periodontal disease to Haemophilus aphrophilus, H. influenzae and H. parainfluenzae. The A. actinomycetemcomitans antibodies which were elevated in LJP patients could not be correlated with antibody titers to cross-reacting Haemophili, suggesting that these antibodies are A. actinomycetemcomitans specific. Serum antibody responses in six of the LJP patients were assessed to autologous strains of A. actinomycetemcomitans. Each patient was found to be infected with only a single serotype of A. actinomycetemcomitans, and specific antibodies to the infecting serotype were found in the patients' sera. In families, the LJP patients had significantly elevated IgG, IgA and IgM serum antibody titers to A. actinomycetemcomitans, while the IgG and IgA antibody titers in periodontally normal siblings were at levels comparable to those found in normal subjects. However, IgM serum antibodies were elevated in the periodontally normal siblings of LJP patients suggesting that the formation of IgM antibodies to A. actinomycetemcomitans may precede the clinical appearance of localized juvenile periodontitis. Gingival crevicular fluid and serum antibody levels to A. actinomycetemcomitans were compared in LJP patients. Comparable titers of IgG, IgA and IgM antibodies were found in serum and gingival fluid in most subjects; however, gingival fluid samples sometimes showed higher titers than serum, likely resulting from local antibody synthesis. The value of serum antibody determinations to A. actinomycetemcomitans in the diagnosis of Actinobacillus-associated periodontitis was also assessed. The predictive value of a positive test (significantly elevated anti-A. actinomycetemcomitans IgG) was 86%, while the specificity was 89%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3908640 TI - Local antibody responses in periodontal diseases. AB - The relationship between local and systemic host antibody responses, colonization of subgingival plaque by periodontal disease-associated microorganisms and the progression of periodontal disease was assessed in 61 patients. Serum antibody levels to a battery of oral microorganisms were determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and an organism to which each patient exhibited a significantly elevated IgG response was chosen for further study. To detect the presence of the specific microorganism, plaque samples were obtained and examined using a seroELISA. Static crevicular fluid (SCF) samples were also obtained from all teeth and analyzed for IgG antibody to the homologous organism. A modification of the standard ELISA using biotin and avidin allowed a 5- to 10 fold increase in sensitivity for detection of IgG antibody in serum and SCF. Comparison of the distribution of elevated SCF antibody and the presence of the corresponding microorganism in each patient showed that the proportion of agreement was 54 to 78% in the samples. Schematic representation of the temporal relationship between the organism, the host response and disease activity were prepared to explain the results obtained in investigations of these parameters and to provide a testable hypothetical framework for future studies. PMID- 3908641 TI - Efficacy of clindamycin hydrochloride in refractory periodontitis. 12-month results. AB - The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of clindamycin hydrochloride as an adjunct to conventional periodontal therapy in the treatment of patients who had previously been unsuccessfully treated with scaling, periodontal surgery and the use of tetracycline. Thirteen patients with a history of "refractory" periodontitis were thoroughly scaled and monitored by repeated attachment level measurements for the presence of active destructive periodontitis. Disease activity was defined as a 3-mm loss in attachment from baseline measurements or the occurrence of a periodontal abscess. When active disease was detected, each patient was scaled again and placed on clindamycin hydrochloride 150 mg qid for 7 days. Following the adjunctive use of clindamycin in combination with scaling, the incidence of gingival sites demonstrating active disease in the group of 13 patients decreased from an annual rate of 10.7 to 0.5%. Each patient demonstrated a decreased incidence of active sites per unit of time. Clinical parameters such as probing depth, gingival redness, bleeding on probing and suppuration showed dramatic improvement at 12 months after clindamycin therapy. The percentage of pockets with probing depths greater than 6 mm, 4 to 6 mm and 1 to 3 mm changed from 11 to 2%, 38 to 24% and 51 to 74% respectively, following clindamycin therapy as compared to scaling alone. The percentage of sites bleeding on probing decreased from 33% after scaling alone to 8% following clindamycin and scaling. Gingival redness decreased from 36 to 1% of sites. Suppuration also decreased from 8% of buccal or lingual surfaces after scaling alone to 1% of surfaces following scaling and clindamycin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3908642 TI - Nuclear medicine. An indicator of "active" alveolar bone loss in beagle dogs treated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. AB - Nuclear medicine was used to assess the activity of alveolar bone loss in beagle dogs treated with the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug flurbiprofen. Radiographic measurements of the rate of bone loss were taken during a 6-month "pretreatment" period and a 9-month treatment period. During the treatment period six dogs received a placebo, and six dogs received orally 0.02 mg/kg flurbiprofen daily for 9 months. In addition, each dog received periodontal surgery in one half of the mouth at the end of the pretreatment period. The rate of alveolar bone loss was significantly decreased in the treatment period in the flurbiprofen treated dogs (P less than 0.001). Measurements of bone-seeking radiopharmaceutical uptake were taken 3 months after the initiation of therapy. The single measurement of uptake was compared to the rate of bone loss determined from repeated radiographs taken during the 9-month treatment period. Bone-seeking radiopharmaceutical uptake was an accurate indicator of "active" bone loss in 83.5% of the teeth studied. PMID- 3908643 TI - Root planing with interdental papilla reflection and fiber optic illumination. AB - The complete removal of accretions during closed scaling and root planing in moderate-deep pockets is difficult, presumably due to inadequate mechanical and visual access. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of minimal papilla reflection and illumination with a prototype fiber optic unit on root planing efficiency. Nonmolar teeth with moderate-deep interproximal pockets (greater than 3 mm) in four patients scheduled to receive immediate complete dentures were randomly divided into groups for treatment: Group I--interproximal root planing augmented by papilla reflection and fiber optic illumination (n = 26 surfaces); Group II--interproximal root planing with papilla reflection only (n = 24); Group III--untreated controls (n = 23). Immediately after treatment, the experimental teeth were extracted, stained with toluidine blue and interproximal areas were evaluated for remaining accretions with a microscope-digitizing pad computer system. Significantly less (P less than 0.01) root surface was covered by deposits in Group I than Group II (0.57 +/- 0.29% vs. 2.42 +/- 0.63%), and both treatment groups had fewer (P less than 0.0005) accretions than untreated controls (57.72 +/- 3.40%). These results suggest that root planing with papilla reflection produces an interproximal surface with few remaining deposits, and fiber optic illumination and transillumination further enhance this effect. PMID- 3908644 TI - Current concepts of the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. Microbiology emphasis. AB - A summary of the major highlights of periodontal pathogenesis research with particular emphasis on periodontal microbiology is presented. Bacteriologic specificity, periodontal disease activity, anatomical plaque research, bacterial recolonization and the concept of bacterial succession are discussed. Periodontal immunology, gingival fluid, histopathology as well as clinical research are briefly mentioned as they interrelate with periodontal microbiology. PMID- 3908645 TI - Microscopic monitoring of pathogens associated with periodontal diseases. A review. AB - Microscopic monitoring of the subgingival microbiota to detect pathogens associated with periodontal diseases has been an active area of investigation. Researchers have demonstrated that plaque samples obtained at diseased sites contain more motile bacteria and less coccoid forms than healthy sites. Therapy at diseased locations has resulted in a shift in the microbiota to one that resembles healthy sites. However, the ability to predict disease activity based on morphotype counts still remains unverified. The current literature addressing chairside microscopic assessments as a diagnostic parameter is reviewed and discussed. PMID- 3908646 TI - My kidney transplant--a preoperative teaching tool. PMID- 3908647 TI - Care of the renal transplant patient receiving cyclosporine. PMID- 3908648 TI - Body fluid analysis of 1,3-diphenylguanidine for mutagenicity as detected by Salmonella strains. AB - The toxicity and mutagenicity of 1,3-diphenylguanidine (DPG) were monitored in Salmonella bacteria using the direct incorporation protocol. The test consisted of either direct incorporation of DPG or analysis of body fluid and faecal material derived from animals exposed to DPG. The data from direct incorporation of DPG suggested that the compound is a direct acting mutagen and that in the presence of metabolic activation system there was a reduction in the number of histidine revertants. The data further showed that while higher dosage levels of DPG without metabolic activation were extremely toxic and thus generated significantly fewer revertants, similar concentrations proved to be moderately mutagenic in the presence of S-9 mix. From the data on mutagenic activity of body fluids and faeces, it is suggested that (1) the rate of excretion of i.p. administered DPG into extracellular fluids, urinary and gastrointestinal tracts is concentration dependent, and (2) a greater proportion of the compound is eliminated through the urinary tract. PMID- 3908649 TI - What are clinical trials all about? PMID- 3908650 TI - Janus as a God for physiology--the two directions of progress in physiology and maintenance of integrity. PMID- 3908651 TI - [Physiological mechanisms for effective utilization of ambient oxygen--with a special relevance to its phylogenetic aspects and exercise]. PMID- 3908652 TI - Indirect post and core fabrication using a die-investment stone. AB - A technique has been presented for indirect fabrication of a cast post and core with the refractory material DVP. This method eliminates the need for developing full contoured patterns and their removal from the working cast for investment. Less time is required and the accuracy of the castings is improved. PMID- 3908653 TI - Chairside electrolytic etching of cast alloys for resin bonding. AB - A new technique and the instruments for using it for chairside electrolytically etching metal have been described. The technique simplifies the process and permits the dentist to etch castings for resin retention in the operatory. The method also applies to spot etching techniques for fixed restorations and removable partial dentures. Intraoral use of the technique was described. PMID- 3908654 TI - Comparison of accuracy of multiunit one-piece castings. AB - An investigation was conducted to evaluate the accuracy of one-piece castings of FPDs consisting of three, four, and five units with a ceramometal alloy cast in a large circular ring. A three-piece aluminum mold with stainless steel dies simulating the various lengths of the FPDs was used. A total of 18 castings, six castings for each FPD, were fabricated. Marginal discrepancies of the castings on the dies and the length of the castings were compared before and after sectioning the castings at the connectors. The following conclusions were drawn from the study. Seating of the castings improved approximately 50% after sectioning, which indicates that the castings were distorted. The distortion was a three dimensional phenomenon, with the greatest discrepancy on the mesiogingival surface of the anterior retainer and on the distolingual surface of the posterior retainer. The distortion was least for the three-unit FPDs and greatest for the five-unit FPDs. The lingual-facial diameter of the castings at the gingival axial line angle was significantly larger than the dies in most cases. The mesiodistal diameter of the castings at the gingival axial line angle was smaller than that of the dies but was only significant with the three-unit FPDs. Although the castings were slightly oversized or undersized, the primary reason the castings did not seat was warpage. PMID- 3908656 TI - Determining the marginal discrepancy of cast complete crowns. PMID- 3908655 TI - Effects of sputtered metal oxide films on the ceramic-to-metal bond. AB - The application of a thin oxide film is seen as a method of improving the ceramic to-metal bond. Using sputter coating to form oxide films allows control of its thickness. The thickness of the oxide layer can also be controlled by sputter coating. Films produced by sputtering, in themselves, have superior bond strengths in that the high-energy levels that are used in the technique drive the coating material into the atomic lattice of the substrate material (dental gold). Remaining to be determined are optimum film thickness and the oxide to be used. However, the present study opens a field of study showing promise of improving porcelain-to-metal bonding in dental restoration. PMID- 3908657 TI - Precious and noble-based casting alloys. AB - Some medium-gold and midrange gold alloys are satisfactory substitutes for Type III alloys, but tarnish may occur. Considering all factors, Type III alloys remain unparalleled as fixed restorative alloys. Some medium-gold and midrange gold metal-ceramic alloys are superior to their high-gold counterparts and are the choice for metal-ceramic restorations. PMID- 3908658 TI - Bond strength and microleakage of porcelain repair materials. PMID- 3908659 TI - Effect of material bulk and undercuts on the accuracy of impression materials. AB - A truncated cone-shaped chromium steel die was used to determine the influence of the bulk of elastomeric impression material and size of undercut on the dimension of stone dies. It was found that both conditions affect the accuracy of stone dies. The possible clinical implications of the inaccuracies were discussed. PMID- 3908661 TI - Reusable cavity liner dispensers and cross-contamination. PMID- 3908660 TI - Distortion analysis of stone casts made from impression materials. PMID- 3908662 TI - Clinical comparison of two mandibular major connector designs: the sublingual bar and the lingual plate. AB - Two mandibular removable partial dentures, one with a sublingual bar and one with a lingual plate as the major connector, were constructed for 10 patients. Both were made using the same impression and were identical except for the design of the major connector. The two major connector designs were evaluated by the patients at the conclusion of the study. Eight of the 10 patients preferred the lingual plate and nine of the 10 found both designs satisfactory. One patient indicated a strong preference for the sublingual bar over the lingual plate and another found both designs equally acceptable. We have concluded from the final data that the sublingual bar compares favorably with the lingual plate in patient acceptance and should be considered as a viable design alternative when a lingual plate is not indicated. PMID- 3908663 TI - Vacuum treatment of tissue conditioners. PMID- 3908664 TI - Using holography for measurement of in vivo deformation in a complete maxillary denture. PMID- 3908665 TI - Simple technique for boxing complete denture impressions. PMID- 3908666 TI - Laboratory accuracy in casting removable partial denture frameworks. AB - An attempt was made to compare the clinical accuracy of two types of cast metals used in the fabrication of removable partial dentures as they were prepared by commercial laboratories. No comparison of the metals could be made, because the discrepancies that were found were too gross and were related to technical error. Suprabulge clasps were placed in less undercut than prescribed. Infrabulge clasps were placed in more undercut than prescribed. The laboratories produced better accuracy when they were informed of the purpose of the cast frameworks than when the frameworks were made without the knowledge that their work would be tested. One laboratory produced better results than the other under similar conditions. PMID- 3908667 TI - American Board of Prosthodontics. PMID- 3908668 TI - Review of the health of children in one-parent families. AB - The evidence from the few published studies concerning the physical health of children in one-parent families, suggests that these children have both a higher rate of hospitalization and a higher consulting rate with their general practitioner than two-parent children. There is also an indication that children in one-parent families suffer more health problems in the home than children in two-parent families. However, the studies that have been reviewed provide neither detailed nor confirmed results and at present the character of child health in one-parent families remains uncertain. PMID- 3908669 TI - Biotechnology and general practice. 2. Beyond the technology--social and ethical problems. PMID- 3908670 TI - Estrogen replacement therapy and hypertension. AB - The common assumption that estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) will frequently induce or aggravate hypertension cannot be supported by current evidence. While hypertension may occur as a rare idiosyncratic reaction to ERT, studies strongly suggest that blood pressure, systolic and diastolic, is consistently lowered by estrogen administration, although the decrement is small. There are suggestive data that on a weight basis, natural human estrogens have less of an effect on the renin-angiotensin system than do conjugated and synthetic estrogens, but the clinical significance of these findings has not been demonstrated. ERT need not be withheld because of theoretical blood pressure concerns or the presence of hypertension. PMID- 3908671 TI - Acute polyhydramnios and a fetal ovarian cyst. PMID- 3908672 TI - Sonographic detection of fetal hydrops. A report of two cases. AB - Ultrasound can be useful for fetal assessment in Kell-isoimmunized pregnancies. Because severe hydrops may develop within six days, ultrasound should be repeated more frequently than once per week even if the delta OD450 values are low. PMID- 3908673 TI - Ovulation induction with pulsatile intravenous GnRH. AB - Human menopausal gonadotropin has been the treatment of choice for hypogonadotropic hypogonadism patients who fail ovulation induction with clomiphene citrate. Several authors have reported successful ovulation induction with the use of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH). We used commercially available GnRH (Factrel, Ayerst Laboratories) and the Auto Syringe AS6H Infusion Pump for ovulation induction in such patients. Eight patients completed 15 cycles of pulsatile intravenous GnRH therapy. A mean of 12.2 days of therapy was required per cycle. Basal body temperatures and ultrasound documented ovulation of a single, dominant follicle in 12 cycles (80%). There were four singleton pregnancies. The overall corrected pregnancy rate was four pregnancies for ten cycles (40%) in six patients (67%). No complications were observed, and the cost of care was one-third that of human menopausal gonadotropin at our institution. PMID- 3908674 TI - Impact of fetal testing on maternal anxiety. AB - We evaluated the impact of fetal testing on maternal anxiety. A consecutive series of high-risk women attending during the third trimester for fetal assessment were each randomly assigned to one of four conditions: (1) high feedback ultrasonography (n = 11), in which the monitor screen was visible; (2) low-feedback ultrasonography (n = 8), in which specific visual and verbal feedback was denied; (3) fetal heart rate monitoring (n = 11); or (4) a video control (n = 7), in which the women viewed a videotape of an ultrasonographic recording. Assessments were conducted before and after each procedure. No change was found in attitude ratings towards the fetus, although there was a significant reduction in state anxiety from before to after, with the reduction most pronounced in women undergoing high-feedback ultrasonography. PMID- 3908676 TI - Ultrasonographic diagnosis of asymptomatic cholelithiasis in pregnancy. AB - Using a static B scanner, 203 pregnant patients underwent cholecystosonography at the time of a routine 24-week ultrasound study. The incidence of asymptomatic cholelithiasis, 2.5%, was less than that reported by others. This low incidence and the increased time needed for cholecystosonography suggest that studies should be done on symptomatic patients only. PMID- 3908675 TI - Efficacy of fenoprofen in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. AB - We compared fenoprofen calcium, 200 mg; fenoprofen calcium, 400 mg; aspirin, 650 mg; and a placebo in 85 women for the relief of primary dysmenorrhea in a double blind, clinical trial. The usefulness of these drugs was judged from data obtained over four consecutive menstrual periods on: restriction of daily activity, pain intensity scores, need for rescue analgesics, withdrawal due to lack of efficacy, and adverse events. Both fenoprofen, 200 mg, and fenoprofen, 400 mg, offered significant (P less than .01) pain relief when compared to placebo and aspirin. Analyses of data on 1, 2 and 3 indicated that aspirin was not significantly different from placebo. The aspirin-treated group reported the greatest number of adverse reactions, but the differences between the four groups were not statistically significant. Our study lends support to the concept of a "plateau analgesic effect" of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): fenoprofen, 200 mg, appears to be as effective as fenoprofen, 400 mg. When this type of drug fails to provide relief for a woman suffering from primary dysmenorrhea, switching to another NSAID may be more appropriate than increasing the dosage and the probability of dosage-related side effects. PMID- 3908677 TI - Encouraging patients to undergo prenatal genetic counseling before the day of amniocentesis. Its effect on the use of amniocentesis. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine if encouraging in-depth prenatal genetic counseling before the day of possible genetic amniocentesis affected the use of amniocentesis. Five hundred two patients were referred to our center for prenatal genetic services during a 15-month period. All patients were scheduled for genetic counseling before possible amniocentesis. During the initial three months (group I), patients were routinely scheduled for counseling on the same day of the procedure unless they requested earlier counseling. During the subsequent 12 months (group II), patients were encouraged to undergo counseling before the day of planned amniocentesis, and 48% agreed. When early counseling was encouraged, the use of amniocentesis decreased from 85% (group I) to 73% (group II) (P less than .025). Among patients with advanced maternal age as the only indication for testing (n = 375), utilization of amniocentesis decreased from 93% (group I) to 78% (group II) (P less than .005). A policy of encouraging early prenatal genetic counseling appears to be a significant factor in the use of genetic amniocentesis. PMID- 3908678 TI - Myositis ossificans progressiva and pregnancy. A therapeutic dilemma. AB - Myositis ossificans progressiva is a rare but progressively debilitating autosomal dominant disease characterized by extraskeletal ossification involving muscle connective tissue. This report is the first on pregnancy and induced abortion in a patient with myositis ossificans progressiva. Intraoperative sector scanning ultrasound was of limited benefit in evacuation of the uterine cavity. Conservative management of an incomplete termination resulted in no adverse sequelae. PMID- 3908679 TI - Biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) as vectors of nonviral animal pathogens. PMID- 3908680 TI - Parasitism of Telenomus costalimai (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) on Rhodnius prolixus (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) under laboratory conditions: effects of density. PMID- 3908681 TI - Feeding, molting, and egg production in Rhodnius prolixus (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) fed repeatedly on the same Swiss mouse hosts. PMID- 3908682 TI - Effect of fasting on Trypanosoma cruzi infection in Triatoma dimidiata (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). PMID- 3908684 TI - Marcella O'Grady Boveri (1865-1950) and the chromosome theory of cancer. AB - Born into a Boston Irish family, Marcella Imelda O'Grady was the first woman graduate in biology from MIT (1885) where she came under the influence of two recent PhD graduates of Johns Hopkins University, William Townsend Sedgwick and Edmund Beecher Wilson. She taught science at Bryn Mawr School for girls in Baltimore 1885 to 1887 and was teaching assistant with E B Wilson at Bryn Mawr College for women in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania, 1887 to 1889. From 1889 to 1896 she headed the Department of Biology at Vassar College for women in Poughkeepsie, New York. On the recommendation of E B Wilson (who from the first edition in 1896 dedicated his famous book The cell in development and inheritance to Boveri) Marcella went to Wurzburg to spend a sabbatical with Boveri. One year later she married Boveri and during the next 18 years until Boveri's untimely death in 1915 she was her husband's close scientific collaborator, especially in his work at the marine zoological stations in Naples and Villefranche, France. She also acquired (from Freiburg) the doctorate she had unsuccessfully attempted to get at Johns Hopkins. Marcella returned to the United States in 1926 and headed the Biology Department at Albertus Magnus College in New Haven. She was there in 1929 when her English translation of her husband's 1914 monograph advancing the chromosome theory of cancer was published. The translation did much to bring that theory to the attention of a wider audience which has thereby been able to rediscover Boveri, despite lack of a reading knowledge of German. Boveri's theory was based on the views that cancer is a cellular problem, cancers originate from a single cell, this cell has an abnormality of its chromosomal constitution, and the chromosomal abnormality which is passed on to all the descendants of the cell of origin is the cause of rapid cell proliferation. PMID- 3908685 TI - Cytokine production in inflammatory bowel disease. AB - Cytokine production from peripheral blood mononuclear cells, T-cell subsets and Ia positive monocytes in patients with inflammatory bowel disease were investigated. 26 patients with Crohn's disease (CD), 7 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and age and sex matched healthy donors (HD) as controls were studied. No differences were seen between UC and HD in any of the parameters examined. However, impairment of interleukin 2 and interferon production was noted in CD. They cannot be attributable to decreased number of T cells, because no significant differences were seen in the number of T cells including subsets. On the other hand, regarding interleukin 1 production, no differences were seen between HD and CD. These results suggest that some form of dysfunction exists at the T-cell level in the peripheral blood in CD. PMID- 3908683 TI - The human Y chromosome. AB - Despite its central role in sex determination, genetic analysis of the Y chromosome has been slow. This poor progress has been due to the paucity of available genetic markers. Whereas the X chromosome is known to include at least 100 functional genetic loci, only three or four loci have been ascribed to the Y chromosome and even the existence of several of these loci is controversial. Other factors limiting genetic analysis are the small size of the Y chromosome, which makes cytogenetic definition difficult, and the absence of extensive recombination. Based on cytogenetic observation and speculation, a working model of the Y chromosome has been proposed. In this classical model the Y chromosome is defined into subregions; an X-Y homologous meiotic pairing region encompassing most of the Y chromosome short arm and, perhaps, including a pseudoautosomal region of sex chromosome exchange; a pericentric region containing the sex determining gene or genes; and a long arm heterochromatic genetically inert region. The classical model has been supported by studies on the MIC2 loci, which encode a cell surface antigen defined by the monoclonal antibody 12E7. The X linked locus MIC2X, which escapes X inactivation, maps to the tip of the X chromosome short arm and the homologous locus MIC2Y maps to the Y chromosome short arm; in both cases, these loci are within the proposed meiotic pairing region. MIC2Y is the first biochemically defined, expressed locus to be found on the human Y chromosome. The proposed simplicity of the classical model has been challenged by recent molecular analysis of the Y chromosome. Using cloned probes, several groups have shown that a major part of the Y chromosome short arm is unlikely to be homologous to the X chromosome short arm. A substantial block of sequences of the short arm are homologous to sequences of the X chromosome long arm but well outside the pairing region. In addition, the short arm contains sequences shared with the Y chromosome long arm and sequences shared with autosomes. About two-thirds of XX males contain detectable Y derived sequences. As the amount of Y sequences present varies in different XX males, DNA from these subjects can be used to construct a map of the region around the sex determining gene. Assuming that XX males are usually caused by simple translocation, the sex determining genes cannot be located in the pericentric region. Although conventional genetic analysis of the Y chromosome is difficult, this chromosome is particularly suited to molecular analysis. Paradoxically, the Y chromosome may soon become the best defined human chromosome at the molecular level and may become the model for other chromosomes. PMID- 3908686 TI - Hormonal responses to gonadotrophin releasing hormone during testicular development in male African green monkeys. AB - Reproductive development in male African green monkeys was characterized by evaluating both luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone (T) before and after gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulation in relation to the physical maturation of the testis. There were LH responses to GnRH at all ages studied, but the failure of some animals to respond at earlier ages suggested developmental changes in the responsiveness of the pituitary. The T secretion developed progressively but did not reach adultlike characteristics until approximately 44 months of age, at which time sperm could be demonstrated in ejaculated semen. PMID- 3908687 TI - Technique for primate heterotopic cardiac xenotransplantation. AB - Heterotopic cardiac transplantation in the primate is a valuable method for the evaluation of immuno-suppressive regimens. This report describes our technique for heterotopic transplantation of cardiac grafts into the neck of baboons. Preliminary experience with cross-genus cardiac transplantation in the nonhuman primate is discussed. PMID- 3908688 TI - Orthogonal triplet probes: an efficient method for unbiased estimation of length and surface of objects with unknown orientation in space. AB - If the axis of anisotropy of oriented, tubular or lamellar objects is unknown, the unbiased stereological estimation of length density and surface density (Lv and Sv) requires counts on sections with isotropic uniform random (IUR) orientation. It is shown theoretically that in homogeneous, anisotropic specimens the precision of Lv and Sv estimation is considerably augmented if IUR-oriented sets of three mutually perpendicular sections (orthogonal triplet probes = ortrips) are used instead of three directionally independent IUR sections. The mechanism of variance reduction results from a negative covariance between sections within 'ortrips' and corresponds to the antithetic variate principle of Monte Carlo work. Heterogeneity decreases the efficiency of the ortrip method, but this effect can often be counteracted by systematic sampling of ortrips within specimens. Practical estimation of length and surface area of the highly anisotropic, tubular myocardial capillaries per tissue volume in the left ventricles of eight normal, adult, male perfusion-fixed Wistar rats provided estimates of excellent precision with CEs of 3.3% (Lv) and 2.1% (Sv) of the group mean. The method will hopefully allow stereologists dealing with arbitrary anisotropic structures to apply the same simple, efficient, and unbiased sampling designs that have long been used in the study of liver, lung, and kidney tissue. PMID- 3908689 TI - Rigorous pattern-recognition methods for DNA sequences. Analysis of promoter sequences from Escherichia coli. AB - The basic nature of the sequence features that define a promoter sequence for Escherichia coli RNA polymerase have been established by a variety of biochemical and genetic methods. We have developed rigorous analytical methods for finding unknown patterns that occur imperfectly in a set of several sequences, and have used them to examine a set of bacterial promoters. The algorithm easily discovers the "consensus" sequences for the -10 and -35 regions, which are essentially identical to the results of previous analyses, but requires no prior assumptions about the common patterns. By explicitly specifying the nature of the search for consensus sequences, we give a rigorous definition to this concept that should be widely applicable. We also have provided estimates for the statistical significance of common patterns discovered in sets of sequences. In addition to providing a rigorous basis for defining known consensus regions, we have found additional features in these promoters that may have functional significance. These added features were located on either side of the -35 region. The pattern 5', or upstream, from the -35 region was found using the standard alphabet (A, G, C and T), but the pattern between the -10 and the -35 regions was detectable only in a sub-alphabet. Recent results relating DNA sequence to helix conformation suggest that the former (upstream) pattern may have a functional significance. Possible roles in promoter function are discussed in this light, and an observation of altered promoter function involving the upstream region is reported that appears to support the suggestion of function in at least one case. PMID- 3908691 TI - Characterization of bacterial photosynthetic reaction center crystals from Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides R-26 by X-ray diffraction. AB - An orthorhombic crystal form (P2(1)2(1)2(1)) of the reaction center from the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides R-26 has been characterized. The crystals were grown from polyethylene glycol; the unit cell dimensions are a = 142.2 A, b = 139.6 A, and c = 78.7 A; and they contain one reaction center in each crystallographic asymmetric unit. The crystals diffract to at least 3.0 A resolution, and are suitable for detailed structural studies. PMID- 3908690 TI - Homotropic effects in aspartate transcarbamoylase. What happens when the enzyme binds a single molecule of the bisubstrate analog N-phosphonacetyl-L-aspartate? AB - The active sites of aspartate transcarbamoylase from Escherichia coli were titrated by measuring the decrease in the enzyme-catalyzed arsenolysis of N carbamoyl-L-aspartate caused by the addition of the tight-binding inhibitor, N phosphonacetyl-L-aspartate. Because the enzyme is a poor catalyst for this non physiological reaction, high concentrations are required for the assays (more than 1000-fold the dissociation constant of the reversibly bound inhibitor) and, therefore, virtually all of the bisubstrate analog is bound. From the endpoint of the titration, 5.7 active sites were calculated, in excellent agreement with the number, six, based on the structure of the enzyme. Simple inhibition was observed only when the molar ratio of inhibitor to enzyme exceeded five; under these conditions, as shown in earlier physical chemical studies, the R-conformational state of the enzyme is the sole or predominant species. At low ratios of inhibitor to enzyme, the addition of inhibitor caused an increase in activity which is attributable to the conversion of the enzyme from the low-activity T state to the much more active R-state. Comparison of the linear increase in activity as a function of inhibitor concentration at the low molar ratio (0.01, i.e. 1 inhibitor/600 active sites) with the activity lost at the high ratio provided a direct value for the mean number of active sites converted from the T state to the R-state as a result of the binding of one bisubstrate analog to an enzyme molecule. This number was four with Mg X ATP or carbamoyl phosphate present and 4.7 for the enzyme in the presence of Mg X PPi, values approaching or identical to the theoretical maximum, 4.7, for a concerted transition with all of the active sites of the molecule changing from the T- to R-state upon the formation of a binary complex of hexameric enzyme with a single inhibitor. With the enzyme in the absence of effectors or with Mg X CTP present, the titrations showed that an average of two and one sites, respectively, of 4.7 possible, changed conformation upon ligand binding. These results were interpreted as a manifestation of an equilibrium between a sub-population of T- and R-state enzyme complexes containing one bound inhibitor molecule. The R-state species would represent 40% of the population for aspartate transcarbamoylase in the absence of extraneous ligands.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3908692 TI - The role of a Sertoli cell actin-myosin system in sperm bundle formation in the ratfish, Hydrolagus colliei (Chondrichthyes, Holocephali). AB - Sertoli cells in the ratfish entirely surround a clone of spermatids to form a spermatocyst. As spermiogenesis proceeds within the cyst cavity, the acrosome areas become apposed to the Sertoli cell plasma membrane lining the spermatocyst. The spermatids elongate and are gathered into an increasingly compact bundle oriented with acrosomal tips directed toward the Sertoli cell base. As all acrosome areas move closer together, Sertoli cell microfilaments oriented parallel to the long spermatid axis appear and increase in concentration. Actin and myosin were demonstrated in the microfilament area with fluorescent antibodies and NBD-Phallacidin. Simultaneously, endocytosis of Sertoli cell membrane between spermatid attachment sites removes the intervening membrane and allows the latter sites to approach each other. Sertoli cell endocytosis is spatially and temporally related to a unique projection at the basal rim of each acrosome. During midspermiogenesis, structured intercellular material appears between the Sertoli cell and the acrosomal region of each spermatid. Its periodicity is closely related to periodic arrangement of Sertoli cell actin and material within the spermatids. These attachment sites move together upon endocytosis, gathering a clone of spermatids into a closely packed bundle. PMID- 3908693 TI - The effects of digitalis on intracellular calcium transients in mammalian working myocardium as detected with aequorin. AB - The effects of positive inotropic agents on the amplitude and time course of the light signal and corresponding tension response were studied in cat and human working myocardium microinjected with the bioluminescent Ca2+ indicator aequorin. Distinctive patterns of light and tension responses were identified that are consistent with known actions of the various agents on the release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores, rate of uptake of Ca2+ by the sarcoplasmic reticulum and sensitivity of the myofilaments to Ca2+. In common with most other inotropic drugs, the cardiotonic steroid, acetylstrophanthidin, in doses of 4 X 10(-7) to 2 X 10(-6)M increases the amount of Ca2+ available for excitation-contraction coupling in the heart. However, in contrast to most other agents, acetylstrophanthidin does not affect the time course of the calcium transient. In common with changes in [Ca2+]o, acetylstrophanthidin does not alter the relationship between the amplitude of the aequorin light signal and developed tension, which, in contrast to caffeine and isoproterenol, indicates that the increase in tension is fully accounted for by the increase in systolic free calcium. These findings suggest that the cardiotonic steroids increase loading of intracellular calcium stores without affecting the kinetics of subcellular handling of Ca2+. In doses of 8 X 10(-7) to 2 X 10(-6)M, acetylstrophanthidin produces a calcium-overload state characterized by 'after-contractions' and 'after-glimmers' that are associated with the development of automatic and triggerable dysrhythmias. These studies provide direct evidence that the inotropic and toxic effects of digitalis on animal and human working myocardium are produced by changes in intracellular Ca2+. PMID- 3908694 TI - AIDS and the sex therapist. PMID- 3908695 TI - Diagnosis and treatment of male sexual dysfunction. AB - This paper presents a critical review of recent work on diagnosis and treatment of male sexual dysfunction. One recent advance has been a focus on low sexual desire in males. Hormonal disorders are relatively uncommon in such men, with family-of-origin and couple-dynamic issues usually cited in the clinical literature as major etiologic factors. Recent work on erectile failure has focused on differential diagnosis of physiological and psychological factors in erectile failure. To date, no simple differential diagnostic procedure has been identified, and a complex and expensive multidimensional evaluation is required for accurate diagnosis. Treatment for premature ejaculation continues to be very effective, but an understanding of the mechanism underlying treatment effectiveness has remained elusive. The cause of inhibited ejaculation also continues to be unclear, although medication side effects have been recognized as a common contributing factor. Across all the male dysfunctions, clinical reports have outweighed empirical studies in the recent literature. Heterogeneity of patient groups, lack of objective outcome measures, lack of control groups, and other basic methodological problems, continue to plague this area of research. PMID- 3908696 TI - Vaginal eroticism and female orgasm: a current appraisal. AB - In the light of very recent studies, this paper reviews two controversial issues in the area of female sexuality: vaginal eroticism and female orgasm. From the available evidence, it is concluded that most (and probably all) women possess vaginal zones, mainly located on the anterior wall, whose tactile stimulation can lead to orgasm. The apparent contradiction between this finding and the ample evidence indicating that coitus is an inefficient method of eliciting female orgasm might be explained, at least in part, by topographical and mechanical reasons, as well as by differences between male and female orgasm latencies. As to the confusion regarding the types of female orgasm, it may be clarified by applying this concept not to the real phenomenon of orgasm, but only to its manner of elicitation. PMID- 3908697 TI - Acquired functional asplenia in sarcoidosis. AB - Sarcoidosis is a recently identified cause of functional asplenia that can be diagnosed by radionuclide imaging. A 31-year-old woman with a five-year history of histologically compatible sarcoidosis was found to have nonvisualization of the spleen on technetium 99m sulfur colloid (radiopharmaceutical) liver-spleen scan. This scintigraphic finding was accompanied by poikilocytosis and Howell Jolly bodies in the peripheral blood smear. A subsequent gallium 67 citrate scan reflected an abnormal increase in concentration of activity in the spleen, suggesting an active inflammatory process.Based upon this constellation of findings, it was concluded that acquired functional asplenia is the result of reticuloendothelial cell replacement via infiltration of the spleen by epithelioid cell granulomas of active sarcoidosis. This case also illustrates the reversibility of functional asplenia of sarcoidosis following adrenocorticosteroid therapy. Functional asplenia in sarcoidosis is now found to have a recognizable radionuclide imaging pattern. PMID- 3908698 TI - Clinical trial of doxycycline in the treatment of anorectal and oropharyngeal gonorrhea. AB - Twenty-one patients who presented to three sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics in the south area of Los Angeles County were diagnosed to have anorectal or pharyngeal gonorrhea and gave a history of hypersensitivity of penicillin. Treatment with doxycycline, 300 mg initially, followed by 200 mg daily for six days was successful in all cases. None was found to have penicillinase producing gonorrhea (PPNG). PMID- 3908699 TI - A look over my shoulder at the NMA in general and the Obstetrics and Gynecology Section in particular. PMID- 3908700 TI - Immunocytochemical localization of cytoskeletal proteins and electron microscopy of detergent extracted tachyzoites of Toxoplasma gondii. AB - Actin was located in tachyzoites of Toxoplasma gondii by indirect immunofluorescence using anti-actin antibodies. Fluorescence was seen in the region of the conoid of almost all cells. In about 75% of the cells, the whole anterior region showed fluorescence and in about 25% of the cells fluorescence was seen in the posterior region. No fluorescence was seen when permeabilized parasites were incubated in the presence of NBD-phallacidin which binds to F actin. This observation, associated to the fact that no microfilaments were seen in transmission electron micrographs of Triton X-100 extracted, tannic acid glutaraldehyde (TA-GA) fixed cells, indicate that in tachyzoites of T. gondii actin is predominantly in the monomeric form (G-actin). No fluorescence was observed when permeabilized parasites were incubated in the presence of antibodies specific to desmin, vimentin and keratin. Examination of Triton X-100 extracted, TA-GA fixed parasites showed that the outer membrane was partially removed while the inner membrane complex was not, but had a corrugated aspect. Connections between the sub-pellicular microtubules and the inner membrane complex and between the latter and the outer membrane were seen. PMID- 3908701 TI - The physiology of the normal and pathological cochlear neurones--some recent advances. AB - This is the first of two auditory science tutorials designed for otolaryngologists, audiologists, and others dealing with deafness and its consequences. This tutorial is intended as an update on recent advances in the understanding of cochlear function both in the normal person and in patients with hearing loss of cochlear origin. It draws largely on studies involving electrophysiological recordings from cochlear nerve fibres in "animal models" of cochlear hearing loss. These data allow considerable insight into the underlying causes, for example, loudness recruitment, tinnitus, and poor speech intelligibility. Areas of scientific ignorance are also mentioned. This is not an exhaustive review of the literature but rather a general overview. The style of the tutorial is not starchily scientific, contains minimum jargon, and is intended to make easy reading. PMID- 3908702 TI - The otolaryngologist--head and neck surgeon. PMID- 3908703 TI - Sonographic appearance of fecal masses. AB - Fecal impaction, caused by incomplete evacuation of feces over an extended length of time, may lead to the formation of a fecaloma, a large, firm mass of stool. Sonography is commonly used as the first imaging procedure in patients presenting with abdominal masses. In the five cases cited, fecaloma was suspected by sonography in four cases; confirmation was obtained by rectal examination in three cases and by radiographic studies in two cases. A representative case report is presented of a 74-year-old woman who had a large pelvic mass detected on physical examination. Sonographically, the fecaloma had a highly echogenic surface and a posterior acoustic shadow. Radiographic examination showed a "soap bubble" appearance, suggestive of stool. Thus, fecaloma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with highly reflective and shadowing abdominal and/or pelvic masses. PMID- 3908704 TI - Breast sonotomography and high-frequency, hand-held, real-time sonography: a clinical comparison. AB - The diagnostic quality of breast sonography as performed with a dedicated tomographic unit (ST) and a hand-held, high-frequency, real-time transducer (RT) was evaluated in 76 patients. In 38 per cent of cases, ST was found to be of equal diagnostic quality to RT. The number of instances in which ST was judged to be better than RT was slightly greater than those in which RT was considered better than ST (34 vs. 24 per cent) (P less than or equal to 0.10). In 3 per cent of cases, the diagnostic quality of both ST or RT was considered to be poor. The majority of instances when the diagnostic quality of ST was judged to be better than RT occurred in establishing a negative diagnosis, whereas RT seemed to have greater diagnostic quality than ST in the evaluation of a palpable mass. PMID- 3908705 TI - Use of the femur length to estimate fetal weight in premature infants: preliminary results. AB - Current techniques for estimating fetal weight in utero use equations containing biparietal diameter and abdominal circumference measurements. When a biparietal diameter cannot be obtained or its technical quality is poor, this technique is hindered. In this study, the use of the fetal femur length and abdominal circumference in estimating fetal weight was investigated. A new formula for estimation of fetal weight with a random error of 13.0 per cent is described. PMID- 3908706 TI - A simple reporting system for obstetrical ultrasonography. AB - A simple computerized reporting system for obstetrical ultrasound examination is described. The user introduces the administrative parameters and the measurements obtained during the examination. The program allows for a very complete analysis of fetal growth, and produces reasonably attractive reports. The system is modifiable by the user since the source codes are included. The program is inexpensive, so price should not be an obstacle for its use. PMID- 3908707 TI - In utero sonographic detection of hand and foot deformities. AB - The in utero sonographic detection of some of the more subtle anomalies of the hand and foot is now possible with the improved resolution of the newer ultrasound equipment. Nine case reports of fetal hand and/or foot deformities are presented, with 12 total lesions. The deformities include clinodactyly, symbrachydactyly, talipomanus, talipes, and "rockerbottom" foot. The sonographic appearance of each of these is discussed. PMID- 3908708 TI - Diagnostic criteria of hydatid disease on hepatic sonography. AB - Ultrasound findings in 31 patients proven to have hydatid disease of the liver are presented. Four distinct patterns are described: a single spherical cystic area; a flattened, spherical, cystic area; the appearance of a cyst within a cyst; and a complex cystic mass. In 21 cases (68 per cent), previously described pathognomonic appearances are encountered. The presence of an echogenic rim usually suggests hydatid infestation; however, it may also be seen in an amebic liver abscess. Delineation of daughter cysts within the complex internal echoes is diagnostic of an infected hydatid cyst. PMID- 3908709 TI - Sonographic appearance of an epidermal inclusion cyst. PMID- 3908710 TI - Agenesis of the corpus callosum in the fetus: its evolution and significance. PMID- 3908711 TI - Sonographic diagnosis of bilateral fetal renal duplication with ectopic ureteroceles. PMID- 3908712 TI - Sonography of an intratesticular lipoma. PMID- 3908713 TI - Pedunculated hepatic hemangioma: an unusual cause for anteriorly displaced retroperitoneal fat. PMID- 3908714 TI - Sonographic detection of fetal goiter, an unusual cause of hydramnios. PMID- 3908715 TI - Sonographic detection of drainage catheter debris. PMID- 3908716 TI - Visualization of the fetal genitalia by ultrasonography: a review of the literature and analysis of its accuracy and ethical implications. AB - The results of the ultrasonographic determination of fetal gender in utero in 722 fetuses (13-35 weeks' gestation) are described, demonstrating that fetal genitalia can be seen in 60.5 per cent of those examined before the eighteenth week, and in 100 per cent of those examined twice or once after 20 weeks of gestation. All errors (3.04 per cent) of gender assignment occurred before the twenty-fourth week. When the fetus was examined for the first time at 17 weeks, the genitalia were visualized and correctly diagnosed in 282 males and 155 females; nine males and 13 females were incorrectly diagnosed. Ultrasonographic determination of fetal gender in utero is an integral part of the prenatal diagnosis of sex maldefinition, testicular feminization, and campomelic dysplasia. It has proved to be a reliable marker in determining whether each sac has been sampled in multiple pregnancies (when each fetus is in a different sac) if ultrasonographically assigned sex per twin corresponds to its karyotype. The determination of fetal gender in utero by ultrasonography allows for gender selection; some of its ethical implications are considered. PMID- 3908717 TI - Splanchnic vein measurements in patients with liver cirrhosis: a case-control study. AB - The portal venous system was evaluated by real-time ultrasonography in 100 consecutive cirrhotic patients and 100 pair-matched controls to assess the sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound findings in detecting or excluding cirrhosis. The best discriminant findings were the expiration diameters of the superior mesenteric and the splenic vein and, chiefly, their sum corrected by body surface. In cirrhotics the calibers of the splanchnic veins significantly increase in relation to the extent of esophageal varices, but in individual patients this increase cannot predict the extent of varices, which are the main determinant of the bleeding risk. PMID- 3908718 TI - Sonography of cholesterol in the biliary system. AB - The sonographic features of cholesterol within the biliary system are reviewed and a new sign is described. That cholesterol causes high reflecting echoes and may cause shadowing has been known; however, its ability to cause reverberatory artifactual echoes has not been previously appreciated. These sonographic features, while not specific, should favor the diagnosis of cholesterol stones and cholesterol polyps in the appropriate clinical situation. PMID- 3908719 TI - Prolapsing Chiari malformation in tricuspid regurgitation: a moving filling defect in the inferior vena cava. AB - A membranous flap was observed during systole within the superior portion of the inferior cava in four patients who did not have either an indwelling catheter or a filtering device. In these cases, multiple views established that this line was not an artifact. Subcostal scans of the right atrium demonstrated a typical Chiari malformation. A diagnosis of tricuspid insufficiency was suspected because of the prolapsing Chiari malformation into the inferior vena cava, and confirmed by Doppler echocardiography. These cases expand the differential diagnosis of filling defects within the inferior vena cava, and emphasize the need for evaluating the right atrium as an extension of the cava, especially by sonographers who are not conversant with echocardiography. PMID- 3908720 TI - Sonography of colonic diverticulitis. AB - Sonographic findings in 16 patients with diverticulitis of the colon are described. The wall of the inflamed segment of the colon appeared hypoechoic and thickened. Maximum thickness of the wall ranged from 5 to 17 mm. Length of the most severely inflamed segment of the colon ranged from 6 to 9 cm. In addition, adjacent contiguous segments of the colon, less involved with inflammation, ranging in length from 7 to 15 cm, were demonstrated on sonographic examination of five patients. Long segments of the inflamed colon could be demonstrated by oblique scanning. The appearance of the mucosal reflections, intramural abscesses, and inflamed diverticula is described. Out of 16 patients with diverticulitis, seven patients had abscesses and extravasation of barium was seen in only two of these seven patients. Ultrasonography therefore is recommended prior to barium or water-soluble contrast enema examination in patients with suspected diverticulitis. In patients with appropriate clinical findings, sonographic diagnosis of diverticulitis can be made by demonstrating hypoechoic thickening of the wall of the colon, even in the absence of intramural or intraperitoneal abscess. PMID- 3908721 TI - Doppler evaluation of cerebral arteries in a Galenic vein malformation. PMID- 3908722 TI - Sonographic diagnosis of a perirenal transplant bowel hernia. PMID- 3908723 TI - Calcified tumor of the urinary bladder: sonographic diagnosis and distinction from a bladder calculus. PMID- 3908724 TI - The role of wild North American ungulates in the epidemiology of bovine brucellosis: a review. AB - Published reports of Brucella abortus infections in wild North American ungulates and domestic cattle herds were reviewed to determine if infection in these species was related. Bison (Bison bison) were frequently found infected, but are probably a minor threat to livestock due to their current limited distribution. Most elk (Cervus elaphus) were free of infection except where their range was shared with infected bison or livestock. Deer (Odocoileus spp.), pronghorns (Antilocapra americana), moose (Alces alces), and bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) appeared to be insignificant hosts of Brucella abortus. The lack of significant wild ungulate hosts and the distribution of infected livestock herds in the United States suggests that wild ungulates are of little importance in the epidemiology of infections by B. abortus in cattle. PMID- 3908725 TI - Salmonellosis in a wild turkey. PMID- 3908726 TI - [Clinical evaluation of S6472 (prolonged action preparation of cefaclor) in the treatment of skin and soft tissue infections. A double blind comparison of S6472 and cefaclor]. AB - A double-blind comparative study of S6472 and cefaclor (CCL) was conducted to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy, safety and usefulness in the treatment of skin and soft tissue infections. Either 750 mg b.i.d. of S6472 or 750 mg t.i.d. of CCL was administered orally to patients for a period of 7 consecutive days. Of the 250 cases (123 cases of S6472 group and 127 cases of CCL group) recruited in this trial, 228 cases (114 cases of S6472 and 114 cases of CCL) were adopted by the committee members for the evaluation of therapeutic efficacy, 238 cases (118 cases of S6472 group and 120 cases of CCL group) for usefulness, and 245 cases (121 cases of S6472 group and 124 cases of CCL group) were adopted for the evaluation of side effects. The backgrounds of both patients group were almost similar. The results obtained were as follows: Overall clinical effectiveness Of the 114 patients treated with S6472, excellent clinical responses were obtained in 11 patients, good in 79, fair in 19, poor in 5 (efficacy rate 78.9%), and of the 114 patients treated with CCL, excellent were in 16, good in 78, fair in 13, poor in 7 (efficacy rate 82.5%). There was no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups. Clinical effectiveness classified by initial severity and bacteriological efficacy There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in the clinical effectiveness classified by initial severity and in the bacteriological efficacy. Side effects were noticed in 5 patients of 121 treated with S6472 (4.1%) and in 2 patients of 124 treated with CCL (1.6%), and other 13 patients developed some abnormal laboratory findings. But these undesirable reactions were mild, and developed no significant difference between the 2 groups in the incidence of side effects. There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in the usefulness of the drugs. Conclusively, 750 mg b.i.d. of S6472 is anticipative of the same clinical efficacy, safety and usefulness as compared with that of 750 mg t.i.d. of CCL in the treatment of skin and soft tissue infections. PMID- 3908727 TI - [Comparative studies of the efficacy, safety and usefulness of S6472, cefaclor and cephalexin on complicated urinary tract infection by the double-blind method]. AB - To objectively evaluated the usefulness of the standard formulation of cefaclor (CCL) and the long-acting formulation of cefaclor (S6472) in noncatheterized complicated urinary tract infection (UTI), a double-blind comparison study was carried out using cephalexin (CEX) as a control. Patients were orally treated with either 500 mg of CCL 3 times/day, 750 mg of S6472 2 times/day, or 500 mg of CEX 4 times/day for 14 days. Overall clinical effect was evaluated on days 5 and 14 in accordance with the UTI therapeutic evaluation standard, with check for recurrence on day 21. There was no demographic difference between the groups. There was no difference in the effective rate on day 5 among the 3 treatment groups: 58.1% in S6472 group, 66.0% in CCL group and 61.9% in CEX group. Nor on day 14, was there any significant difference in the effective rate among the 3 groups: 70.8% in S6472 group, 63.4% in CCL group and 61.8% in CEX group. Stratification analyses (by UTI group, infection site, in- or out-patient, time of starting treatment, pretreatment severity of pyuria, total number of bacteria before treatment) revealed no significant difference among the 3 groups. Therapeutic effect evaluated by physicians in charge was not significantly different among the 3 groups on day 5 or day 14. In terms of overall therapeutic effect, all 3 products were very effective in patients infected with sensitive bacteria: On day 5, 85.4% in S6472 group, 84.4% in CCL group, and 83.7% in CEX group. There was no significant difference among the 3 groups on either day. The incidence of side effects was not significantly different among the 3 groups: 4 out of 129 patients treated with S6472 (3.1%), 2 of 131 treated with CCL (1.5%) and 2 of 128 with CEX (1.6%). Clinical laboratory tests revealed 4 abnormal findings in 4 patients treated with S6472, 6 findings in 4 treated with CCL, and 4 findings in 2 treated with CEX, showing no significant difference in incidence among the 3 groups. Both side effects and abnormal clinical laboratory findings were mild and reversible. Physicians in charge judged the usefulness of the 3 drugs on days 5 and 14, taking efficacy and safety into consideration. Significant difference was not observed. The presence of recurrence was examined 7 days after drug withdrawal in patients regarded as remarkable responders to 14 day treatment by overall therapeutic effect evaluation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3908728 TI - [Fundamental and clinical studies of ceftizoxime suppositories in the pediatric field]. AB - The fundamental and clinical studies of ceftizoxime suppository (CZX-S) in the field of pediatrics were made, with the following results. The serum concentration of CZX in the CZX-S 250 mg-administered group peaked 6.00-22.5 micrograms/ml during the period of 15 minutes to 1-hour after dosing, and gradually declined thereafter. The half-life was 1.37-3.81 hours. In the CZX-S 125 mg-administered group, the serum concentration peaked 2.25-21.0 micrograms/ml at 15-30 minutes after dosing and decreased with time. The half-life was 0.95- 1.84 hours. The 6-hour urinary recovery rate of CZX in the CZX-S 250 mg group was 22.0-47.5%. The 6-hour urinary recovery rate in the CZX-S 125 mg group was 17.2 25.3%. CZX-S was given 12-73 mg/kg/day (divided into 1-3 times) to 7 children with respiratory tract infection etc. who were considered to respond well to the drug. The clinical effectiveness rate was 100% inclusive of "excellent" and "good". The side effect of pain on insertion was encountered in 1 child. PMID- 3908729 TI - [Clinical effects of ceftizoxime suppositories in pediatric infections]. AB - A clinical trial of ceftizoxime suppositories (CZX-S) was conducted in children whose chemotherapy was considered to be best performed in this dosage form at the physician's discretion. The subjects were 5 children with infection, consisting of 2 with pneumonia, 1 with tonsillitis, and 2 with UTI. The results were as follows. The clinical response to CZX-S was "markedly effective" in 3 and "effective" in 2, with the 100% effectiveness rate. Neither adverse drug reactions nor abnormal laboratory tests were detected. No unwanted expulsion of the suppository occurred. The serum concentration of CZX 30 minutes after the first insertion ranged from 8.38 to 11.4 micrograms/ml, and the urinary concentration of CZX in the 6-hour urine collections, from 23.6 to 290 micrograms/ml. PMID- 3908730 TI - [Clinical investigation of ceftizoxime sodium suppositories in pediatric infections]. AB - Ceftizoxime suppository (CZX-S) was given to 6 patients, with the following results. The peak serum concentration of CZX was 1.8-7.5 micrograms/ml at 30 minutes after dosing of CZX-S with 9.6-16.7 mg/kg. The antibacterial activity of CZX revealed that the drug can be expected to be effective sufficiently. The overall effect of CZX-S was "markedly improved" in 1 and "moderately improved" in 3 of the 4 patients with pneumonia and "markedly improved" in 1 and "slightly improved" in 1 of the 2 with UTI. CZX-S caused a slight increase in frequency of defecation in 2 of the 6 patients. There were no abnormal findings of symptoms or laboratory test values which were ascribable to side effects. PMID- 3908731 TI - [[New antibiotics series XIII]: BRL 25000 (clavulanic acid/amoxicillin)]. PMID- 3908732 TI - [Effect of cefaclor on urinary tract infections (the third report)]. AB - The third part of our 3-years' continuous investigation on the clinical effect of cefaclor (CCL) against urinary tract infections was reported herein. CCL, a daily dose of 0.75 g t.i.d., has been applied for the treatment of (I) 69 cases with the uncomplicated acute cystitis in the women, and (II) 44 cases with the complicated. Rates of effectiveness obtained were 94.2% in (I), which was a little lower than the first or the second part of our report, and 70.5% in (II), which equaled the mean value of our first and second reports. Any definite difference was not obtained between the effectiveness rates in those who had ever been treated with CCL and those who not, in both (I) and (II) groups. PMID- 3908734 TI - [Comparison of in vitro antibacterial activities of new cephems against clinical organisms (isolated between June 1983 and January 1984)]. AB - We compared the in vitro antibacterial activities of ceftizoxime (CZX), cefotaxime (CTX), cefmenoxime (CMX), cefoperazone (CPZ), ceftazidime (CAZ), latamoxef (LMOX) and cefotetan (CTT) against 2,729 strains of 11 organisms freshly isolated from 10 medical institutions in Japan between June 1983 and January 1984 and obtained the following results: Against S. pyogenes, LMOX and CTT, which have the methoxy group at the 7 position, were less active than the other drugs. LMOX inhibited 80% of S. pyogenes at 0.78 micrograms/ml; CTT, at 1.56 micrograms/ml; but CZX and CTX inhibited 100% at 0.025 micrograms/ml or lower; CMX, at 0.05 micrograms/ml; and CPZ and CAZ, at 0.20 micrograms/ml. Against H. influenzae, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. mirabilis and indole-positive Proteus, these test antibiotics, especially CZX, CTX and CMX, which have the aminothiazolyl methoxyimino group, were potently active. Against S. marcescens CZX and CAZ were more active than the other drugs and against P. aeruginosa CAZ was more active than the other drugs. The test organisms did not tend to acquire resistance to these cephems when our results were compared with the results obtained at the development period. PMID- 3908733 TI - [Therapeutic effects of micronomicin against severe infections in patients with hematopoietic disorders. Hanshin Infection Study Group]. AB - Micronomicin (MCR) at a daily dose of 120 to 360 mg was administered to patients with severe infections who had hematopoietic disorders as underlying diseases. Efficacy and safety of the drug were evaluated. The underlying diseases in the 56 patients included in the evaluation of efficacy were acute myelocytic leukemia (24 cases), acute lymphocytic leukemia (8), acute promyelocytic leukemia (6), acute monomyelocytic leukemia (4), acute monocytic leukemia (1), erythroleukemia (1), chronic myelocytic leukemia-blastic crisis (4), malignant lymphoma (3), aplastic anemia (2), and others (3). The infections were septicemia in 9 patients, suspected septicemia in 48, respiratory tract infection in 7, and perianal abscess in 2. The clinical efficacy of MCR was 'excellent' in 12 patients, 'good' in 17, 'fair' in 7, 'poor' in 30 for an efficacy rate of 43.9%. The efficacy rate classified according to infections was 22.2% in septicemia, 56.3% in suspected septicemia. The organisms isolated from the patients with septicemia were Escherichia coli in 2, Klebsiella pneumoniae in 2, Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 1, alpha-Streptococcus in 1, Serratia marcescens in 1, and Acinetobacter sp. in 1. The efficacy rate was 15.4% in the 13 patients whose causative organisms were identified. The efficacy rate for patients who had failed to respond to prior antibiotic therapy was 43.9%. The efficacy rate in patients (34 cases) with an initial neutrophil count less than 100/microliter was 44.1%. Side effect which might have been caused by MCR was skin eruption in only one episode among 83 episodes those were evaluated for safety. PMID- 3908735 TI - [Fundamental and clinical studies on cefpiramide in the field of obstetrics and gynecology]. AB - Cefpiramide (SM-1652, CPM), a new cephem antibiotic was studied for the transfer into intrapelvic tissues and clinical efficacy in the field of obstetrics and gynecology. The results were obtained as follows. Clinical results of 17 patients with obstetrical and gynecological infection were excellent in 10 cases, good in 6, and poor in 1 with the efficacy rate of 94.1%. Following a single intravenous 30 minutes-drip infusion of 1 g dose of CPM, the peak of serum level and intrapelvic tissues were obtained at 30-60 minutes after completion of the administration. No adverse reaction or abnormal laboratory findings were observed. PMID- 3908736 TI - [Fundamental and clinical studies of S 6472 (sustained release preparation of cefaclor) in the pediatric field]. AB - Fundamental and clinical studies on S 6472 were carried out and following results were obtained. Serum concentrations after single oral administration showed 2 peaks at 1 or 2 hours and 5 or 6 hours in the cases with normal meal. Namely this drug has much more maintenance of serum concentration than normal cefaclor. In maintenance of serum concentrations after the administration, there were no obviously difference between normal and heavy meal. S 6472 was administered twice a day to 7 patients with various infections (bronchopneumonia 2 cases, acute bronchitis 1 case, purulent tonsillitis 4 cases) and clinical responses were all effective results. Pathogenic bacteria of S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, S. pyogenes and H. influenzae were completely eliminated in all cases. No significant side effects were observed. On the above results, this administration method of S 6472 twice a day was considered to be good response against mild or moderate bacterial infections in children. PMID- 3908737 TI - [A comparative double blind study of lenampicillin and talampicillin in the treatment of oral infections]. AB - A comparative double blind study of lenampicillin (LAPC, KBT-1585) and talampicillin (TAPC) was carried out in order to objectively evaluate efficacy, safety and utility of LAPC in treatment of 238 patients with oral infections. Cases accepted by the Central Committee for evaluation of efficacy and utility were 218, consisting of 101 of the LAPC group and 117 of the TAPC group; safety were 234, consisting of 110 of LAPC and 124 of TAPC. Clinical effectiveness as rated by attending doctor was 84.2% for the LAPC group and 82.9% for the TAPC group. The clinical utility rating was 82.2% in the LAPC group and 82.1% in the TAPC group, showing no significant difference between the 2 drugs. Adverse reactions were found in 6 cases (5.5%) in the LAPC group and 5 cases (4.0%) in the TAPC group, showing no significant difference between the 2 drugs. Cases accepted by the controllers for evaluation of efficacy and utility were 236, consisting of 111 cases of LAPC and 125 cases of TAPC. Those for safety were 236, consisting of 111 cases of LAPC and 125 of TAPC. The clinical effectiveness rating was 77.5% in the LAPC group and 79.2% in the TAPC group. Clinical utility rating was 75.7% in the LAPC group and 78.4% in the TAPC group. Rate of adverse reactions was 5.4% in the LAPC group and 4.0% in the TAPC group, showing no significant difference between the 2 drugs. Cases evaluated for efficacy according to numerical rating on the 3rd day were 200 cases, consisting of 93 of LAPC and 107 of TAPC. The effectiveness rate was 83.9% in the LAPC group and 95.3 in the TAPC group, showing a significant difference between the 2 drugs. On the other hand, taking into consideration evaluation scores of the 5th day, the effectiveness rate was 88.7% in the LAPC group and 96.1% in the TAPC group, showing no significant difference between the 2 drugs. The effectiveness rate in cases of isolated organisms was 84.9% in the LAPC group and 79.7% in the TAPC group, showing no significant difference between the 2 drugs. Adverse reactions were mostly of gastrointestinal origin. Symptoms were not serious and disappeared soon after administration was discontinued or immediately after administration was completed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3908738 TI - [Clinical evaluation of SM-4300, a new human immunoglobulin preparation]. AB - Clinical efficacy and safety of SM-4300, a newly developed human immunoglobulin preparation for intravenous use, were evaluated in 11 patients with severe infectious disease which are resistant to antibiotic therapy in the combined use with the antibiotics. Clinical effects of SM-4300 wee excellent in 1 case, good in 5 cases, fair in 1 case, poor in 1 case and unevaluable in 3 cases. The efficacy rate was summarized as 75%. Bacteriological responses were eradicated in 1 case and unknown in 10 cases. No side effects and abnormal laboratory findings due to SM-4300 were observed in this investigation. PMID- 3908739 TI - [Therapeutic effect of human immunoglobulin, SM-4300, against severe respiratory tract infections]. AB - SM-4300, a newly developed human immunoglobulin for intravenous use, has been studied for the safety and effectiveness/efficacy in the 7 patients with severe respiratory infections and a patient with fever of undetermined origin. Severe infections in the patients considered of 3 cases of pneumonia, 2 of obstructive pneumonia due to lung cancer, 2 of diffuse panbronchiolitis and 1 of fever of undetermined origin. Clinical effects of SM-4300 were excellent in 1 case, good in 1, fair in 2 and poor in 4. The efficacy rate was 25.0%. The appearance of subjective and objective clinical side effects and abnormal laboratory findings related to SM-4300 administration were not noted. PMID- 3908740 TI - [A clinical trial of SM-4300 against severe infections in surgery]. AB - SM-4300, a newly developed human immunoglobulin for intravenous use, has been evaluated clinically in combination with the antibiotics in the patients with severe bacterial, fungal or viral infections which are resistant to antibiotic therapy in the surgery. Total number of 26 patients affected with various severe infections were treated with SM-4300. Clinical effects of SM-4300 were good in 10 cases, fair in 7 cases, poor in 7 cases and unknown in 2 cases. The efficacy rate was 41.7%. Severe infections in these 26 patients consisted of 14 cases of peritonitis, 5 cases of intrathoracic infections, 4 cases of sepsis suspected and 3 cases others. Twenty-three patients had underlying diseases, in which 15 cases were patients with cancer. Clinically isolated organisms were obtained from 12 cases, of 26 strains were evaluated for bacteriological effects which were eradicated in 10 strains, decreased in 3 and persisted in 13 strains, the eradication rate being 38.5%. The subjective and objective clinical side effects were noted. PMID- 3908741 TI - [Macrophage activation by macrophage activation factor and macrophage migration inhibitory factor]. PMID- 3908742 TI - [Differentiation and activation of mouse macrophages]. PMID- 3908743 TI - [Toxin production and phage in Clostridium botulinum]. PMID- 3908744 TI - [The role of radiotherapy in the treatment of malignant lymphoma]. AB - Eighty-four patients with malignant lymphoma in N.I.R.S., whose five-year survival was evaluated, were divided into two groups. The first one was treated mainly with irradiation between 1961 and 1972 (n = 36) and the second one mainly with anticancer drugs thereafter (n = 48). The survival of the second group was significantly superior to the first one: 60% vs 20% in the five-year survival rate of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and 40% vs 20% in non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). These results were due to the systemic application of chemotherapy in the second group. On the other hand, 40% of the patients with NHL in the head and neck at stages I + II and who received radiotherapy alone survived. Through a detailed analysis of these data, the role of radiotherapy in the treatment of malignant lymphoma was discussed. PMID- 3908745 TI - [Biological significance of tumor marker]. PMID- 3908746 TI - [Tumor markers in gastrointestinal cancer]. PMID- 3908747 TI - [Automation in clinical microbiology]. PMID- 3908748 TI - [Branhamella infection]. PMID- 3908749 TI - [Results from bacterial laboratory and these evaluation (review of my research of Haemophilus influenzae)]. PMID- 3908750 TI - [Problems on histopathological diagnosis of malignant ovarian tumors]. PMID- 3908751 TI - [High sensitivity enzymeimmunoassay for the measurement of serum thyroglobulin]. PMID- 3908752 TI - [Immunological colorimetric determination of serum prostatic acid phosphatase activity in patients with prostatic diseases comparing with RIA and Kind-King modified methods]. PMID- 3908753 TI - [Influence of automation of clinical tests on laboratory management]. PMID- 3908754 TI - [A case report of inflammatory pseudotumor of the spleen]. PMID- 3908755 TI - [High renin hypertension in the elderly]. PMID- 3908756 TI - [Relationship between complement components (C3) depositions and glomerular injury in IgA nephropathy]. PMID- 3908757 TI - Tubulointerstitial nephropathies: concepts and mechanisms. PMID- 3908758 TI - [Imaging for obstetric diagnosis and its indication--with special reference to ultrasonic diagnosis]. PMID- 3908759 TI - [Nursing during ultrasonic diagnosis in obstetrics]. PMID- 3908760 TI - [Approach to the English monograph: evaluation of a monograph valued by references]. PMID- 3908761 TI - [Health and various historical eras: the concepts of health held by Hippocrates, Thomas Moore, Francis Bacon, and Nightingale and their historical backgrounds]. PMID- 3908762 TI - Potassium transport in isolated cerebral microvessels from the rat. AB - Microvessels have been prepared from the gray matter of a rat brain by a technique involving density gradient centrifugation. A suspension of these vessels, largely capillaries, was incubated in vitro in order to investigate K transport. The flux of K (as 86Rb) into and out of endothelial cells was estimated. Potassium influx was sensitive to temperature and pH of the medium, and was markedly inhibited by 1 mM ouabain (45%). Ouabain did not inhibit K efflux, as anticipated, when Na-K pumps are mainly located on the abluminal plasma membrane of the endothelial cell. The ouabain-sensitive K influx was measured at varying external concentrations of K. The Km of ouabain-sensitive K influx was 2.95 mM, which is similar to the affinity of the transport carrier of K, found in in vivo studies of K efflux from brain to the blood system. Both 1 mM furosemide and 5 mM barium chloride inhibited part of the ouabain-insensitive K influx. Potassium efflux was not influenced by furosemide, but was somewhat reduced by barium chloride. Noradrenalin (10(-3) mM) and histamine (0.1 mM) did not significantly affect the influx of K. PMID- 3908763 TI - [Immunoelectron microscopic observations on fibronectin in human lung]. PMID- 3908764 TI - [Right atriotomy with the use of lock-featured cannulas]. PMID- 3908765 TI - Administering first aid at the Live Aid concert in Philadelphia: an ENA nurse's perspective. PMID- 3908766 TI - Mitral stenosis: congestive heart failure as the primary manifestation. PMID- 3908767 TI - Fluid resuscitation in trauma: an update. PMID- 3908770 TI - Mobile intensive care nurse preceptorship: a competency-based format. PMID- 3908771 TI - Ham radio communications support in hospital disaster planning. PMID- 3908768 TI - Bullet embolism. PMID- 3908769 TI - Developing standardized care plans: one emergency department's experience. PMID- 3908772 TI - Safety at the helicopter landing site: preventing injuries to emergency personnel and patients. PMID- 3908773 TI - Clove cigarettes: a health advisory. PMID- 3908775 TI - Design and usage of an advanced cardiac life support transport cart. PMID- 3908774 TI - Role of the California mobile intensive care nurse: a legislative approach to problem solving. PMID- 3908776 TI - Search for patient identification: an invasion of privacy? PMID- 3908777 TI - Standardized care plans. Abdominal pain, gastrointestinal bleeding and orthopedic injury. PMID- 3908778 TI - Swelling at the site of a three-day-old wound. PMID- 3908779 TI - [Early exercise testing of myocardial infarct patients]. PMID- 3908781 TI - [Long-term use of indirect anticoagulants in patients with obliterating atherosclerosis of peripheral arteries]. PMID- 3908780 TI - [Role of many hours of ECG monitoring (Holter method) in the diagnosis of ischemic heart disease and the selection and evaluation of antianginal therapy]. AB - The diagnostic value of 24-hour ECG monitoring was assessed in 81 patients with stable angina of effort (functional classes II-IV) and 8 spontaneously-anginal patients. The pattern and frequency of transitory ST displacements, and their distribution by the hours of the day are reviewed. The results of 24-hour ECG monitoring are compared with clinical, bicycle-ergometric and coronaroangiographic findings. Spontaneously anginal patients showed peculiar episodes of transitory ischemia, with typically elevated ST, shorter duration and the occurrence mostly during the night and morning hours; 2/3 of such episodes were painless. High diagnostic value of the method for the assessment of the efficacy of anti-anginal drugs is demonstrated. PMID- 3908782 TI - [Infusion of prostaglandin E1 in resting angina resistant to conventional therapy]. AB - Effect of 48-72 hour infusion of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) was studied in 17 patients with angina refractory to conventional medical treatment (combination of propranolol, 160 mg/day nifedipin, 30 mg/day and nitrates) by the double blind test. PGE1 was infused to 11, placebo to 6 patients. There was no difference between PGE1 and placebo groups in the number of ischemic episodes and duration of myocardial ischemia as evidenced by Holter ECG monitoring. But in 2 patients with vasospastic angina attacks of ischemia were almost completely abolished by PGE1. PMID- 3908783 TI - [Surgical aspects of a segmental pancreatic autograft in dogs]. PMID- 3908785 TI - [I. V. Rklitskii and his contribution to Soviet surgery]. PMID- 3908784 TI - [Great surgeon, scientist and humanist N. I. Pirogov (on the 175th anniversary of his birth)]. PMID- 3908786 TI - [90th anniversary of the 1st embolectomy]. PMID- 3908787 TI - [Trauma, shock and the immune system]. PMID- 3908788 TI - [Vascular approach in patients on periodic hemodialysis]. PMID- 3908789 TI - [Treatment of solitary kidney cysts by percutaneous puncture under echographic control]. PMID- 3908790 TI - [Centenary of the 1st appendectomy]. PMID- 3908791 TI - [Computer-assisted diabetes control]. AB - Blood glucose self-monitoring is essential to stabilize diabetes on a normoglycemic level. But often patients do not find the correct insulin adaptation. Therefore, we developed a computerized system which adapts insulin doses using a control matrix. During a first in-patient period we had a remarkable blood glucose normalization and stabilization. PMID- 3908792 TI - [Drug dissolution of gallstones in cholecystolithiasis]. PMID- 3908793 TI - [Basal levels of somatotropin, cortisol and insulin in patients with chronic forms of ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 3908794 TI - [On the 110th anniversary of the birth of A. Schweitzer]. PMID- 3908795 TI - [The outstanding physician and scientist N. V. Kirilov (on the 125th anniversary of his birth)]. PMID- 3908796 TI - [New trends in the treatment of hypoplastic anemia]. PMID- 3908797 TI - [Isolated amyloidosis of the pancreatic islets and diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 3908798 TI - [Computer echotomography combined with telethermography in kidney diseases]. PMID- 3908799 TI - [Echographic examination in lymphogranulomatosis]. PMID- 3908800 TI - [N. I. Pirogov--a great scientist, physician and citizen]. PMID- 3908801 TI - [Non-invasive methods of studying blood circulation in arterial occlusive diseases of the lower limbs]. PMID- 3908802 TI - [Use of ritmilen in disorders of cardiac rhythm]. PMID- 3908803 TI - [Use of methylprednisolone in patients with circulatory failure]. PMID- 3908804 TI - [Evaluation of regional blood flow in the lower limbs using Doppler ultrasonography]. PMID- 3908805 TI - [G.I. Bazilevich, the first clinical professor of the Medical-Surgical Academy (on the 225th anniversary of his birth)]. PMID- 3908806 TI - [Boris Evgen'evich Votchal (on the 90th anniversary of his birth)]. PMID- 3908807 TI - [Effect of isoptin on hemodynamics in patients with hypertension and ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 3908808 TI - [Use of isosorbide dinitrate (isoket) in stenocardia and myocardial infarction]. PMID- 3908809 TI - [Experience with 7 year use of mexitil]. PMID- 3908810 TI - [Current methods of diagnosis of dyskinesia of the gallbladder]. PMID- 3908811 TI - [Ultrasonic semeiotics of mechanical jaundice]. PMID- 3908812 TI - [Visit to Poland. The Nursing Faculty of Cracow celebrates its 10th anniversary]. PMID- 3908813 TI - [Nursing in the Christian middle ages]. PMID- 3908814 TI - [Brief history of resuscitation]. PMID- 3908815 TI - An acoustic plethysmograph to measure total infant body volume. AB - An acoustic plethysmograph intended to measure the body volume of premature infants has been developed using the principle of the Helmholtz resonator, in which the resonance frequency is dependent on the volume of the resonating cavity. A prototype system was built and used to measure the volume of inanimate objects and newborn miniature pigs. Results for inanimate objects agree within 1 percent with comparable measurements by water displacement. Results of the animal body volume measurements compare favorably (within an average of 1.1 percent) with those obtained using hydrostatic weighing. PMID- 3908816 TI - Ultrasonic characterization of biological tissues. AB - Ultrasonic imaging has become increasingly important as a diagnostic tool in medicine because it is noninvasive and it can provide valuable information otherwise unattainable. However, at present, clinical interpretation of an ultrasonic image still mostly relies on recognition of boundaries and positional relationship of anatomical structures and a subjective analysis of the distribution or texture of echo amplitudes. Other potentially useful information carried back by the echoes is completely discarded. The aim of ultrasonic tissue characterization research is to develop methods to extract additional information from the returned echoes so that tissue pathology or abnormality can be reliably identifed and severity of the pathology objectively assessed with quantitative criteria. A number of ultrasonic parameters including acoustic velocity, impedance, attentuation and scattering, have been utilized in attempting to achieve this goal. In this paper, recent progress in this research will be discussed and relevant results presented. PMID- 3908817 TI - Outpatient digital arteriography in a general community hospital. PMID- 3908818 TI - Proceedings of the International Symposium on Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone in Control of Fertility and Malignancy. Hyderabad, India, 17-20 August 1984. PMID- 3908819 TI - Stimulation of hypothalamic LHRH levels and release by gonadal steroids. AB - The inhibitory feedback effects of steroids on pituitary LH release are believed to be mediated via steroidal effects on the hypothalamic LHRH activity. We have examined the direct effects of individual steroids (T, DHT and E2) on hypothalamic LHRH levels and on LHRH release in vitro. In castrated male rats, replacement of either steroid in physiological doses, resulted in augmentation of the MBH LHRH levels by steroidal action within the MBH. LHRH analyses of microdissected diencephalic nuclei revealed that this accumulation occurred exclusively in LHRH terminals in the ME. Careful examination of the time course of steroid action showed that whereas LH release was suppressed within hours of steroid treatment, the LHRH response occurred after 3-4 days of steroid exposure in 2-week castrated rats and 7-14 days in 8-week castrated rats. This temporal dichotomy in the LH and LHRH responses to steroid action was further substantiated by the differential effects of low, sub-physiological levels of steroids on these two responses. Very low levels of T or E2 evoked maximal accumulation of the MBH LHRH, but LH release in vivo and the rate of LHRH release in vitro were not affected. Surprisingly, physiological levels of T which suppressed LH release concomitant with elevations in LHRH levels, augmented the in vitro rate of LHRH release. In fact, the LHRH release rate was found to be correlated with LHRH concentrations in hypothalami of intact, castrated and castrated rats treated with T. Thus it appears that in the hypothalamo-pituitary axis there are different thresholds of responsiveness to steroids. Apparently, the LHRH neurons, particularly the processes involved in LHRH accumulation are most sensitive to low levels of steroids; however, higher physiological levels of steroids are required to suppress pituitary LH release as well as to promote LHRH release. On the basis of our cumulative data, it is reasonable to speculate that steroid-induced accumulation of LHRH in the ME may not be a consequence of decrease in LHRH release, but may involve synthesis of the neurohormone. PMID- 3908820 TI - Immunobiology of gonadotropin-releasing hormone. AB - This article will review methods successful in inducing antibody responses against gonadotropin releasing hormone without the use of Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA), the characteristics of the antibodies produced, and will describe the dominant antigenic determinant(s) of the decapeptide and the use of monoclonal antibodies for suppression of estrus and of sex steroid production. The potential application of such immunological approaches in veterinary species, in management of precocious puberty in humans, and in hormone dependent cancers, is indicated. PMID- 3908821 TI - Unexplained infertility and its treatment with intermittent GnRH application. AB - Spontaneous LH fluctuations were estimated in patients with unexplained infertility. This suggested that irregular LH bursts and a slightly decreased frequency are present in these individuals. Administration of sex steroids suppressed LH serum levels and no LH pulses were noted thereafter. Intermittent GnRH application by means of an automatic pump (Zyklomat) induced regular LH fluctuations: follicular maturation was enhanced using 20 micrograms GnRH per pulse than with 10 micrograms; the former dose however appeared to be supra physiological. Three pregnancies occurred in these patients who had not conceived following previous treatment with clomiphene and human menopausal gonadotropins. PMID- 3908822 TI - Carcinosarcoma of the gallbladder: report of a case. AB - Carcinosarcomas of the gallbladder are rare tumors characterized by malignant epithelial and mesenchymal components that grow intermingled into each other. Herein we present a case that illustrates the difficulties in the diagnosis and the clinical management of this entity. PMID- 3908823 TI - The selected use of ultrasound mammography to improve diagnostic accuracy in carcinoma of the breast. AB - Our initial experience with diagnostic ultrasound mammography (UM) showed it to be of high diagnostic accuracy and improved specificity when compared with x-ray mammography (XRM) in certain categories of patients. To evaluate this modality further, we reviewed our experience with 600 consecutive patients who underwent ultrasound mammography as part of their initial evaluation for breast disease. Five categories of patients were reviewed: I: age 35 or less--129; II: DY or P-2 pattern on XRM--174; III: negative XRM but symptoms requiring additional evaluation--81; IV: high risk remaining breast in patients previously having mastectomy--48; V: refusal of repeat XRM because of pregnancy, lactation, or fear of radiation exposure--168. Fifty-five solid lesions were diagnosed, including 36 carcinomas. Seventeen of these were not diagnosed on x-ray mammography, giving an improved pick-up of carcinoma in this overall group of 2.83%. Of particular interest was that, of the 27 carcinomas that were found in the group having XRM, 8 or 29.6% were missed on that modality alone. Five of these (62.5%) were patients having a DY pattern. All patients have been followed carefully and re examined at 3-month intervals, with no evidence of a false negative examination. Overall, we feel diagnostic ultrasound mammography is a valuable adjunct to x-ray mammography and recommend its continued use in selected groups of patients where it has a superior diagnostic accuracy over x-ray mammography alone. PMID- 3908824 TI - Clinical uses of prosthetic devices in brachiotherapy for oral cavity tumors. AB - Three different acrylic resin intraoral stents used for radiotherapy are described. They serve multiple functions in the treatment of tumors of the oral cavity. They are prepared individually and are necessary for accurate treatment planning and in order to minimize the exposure of hospital personnel to radiation. PMID- 3908825 TI - Comparison of specific red-cell adherence and immunoperoxidase staining techniques for ABO(H) blood-group cell-surface antigens on superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. AB - The presence or absence of blood-group antigens have been used to predict the clinical course of patients with superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Antigen loss has been associated with neoplastic change. The red-cell adherence test has been the most widely accepted method of antigen determination, but this technique has inherent weaknesses. Recently, the immunoperoxidase assay has been used to detect antigens on tumor cells. We compared 30 patients using the red-cell adherence and immunoperoxidase methods on adjacent microtome cut sections. The red-cell adherence and immunoperoxidase methods performed similarly (86%) when assessing antigen presence or absence. However, the immunoperoxidase method was clearly superior in: 1) specificity for antigens on tumor cells and normal internal controls; 2) localization of antigen; 3) demonstration of cellular morphology; 4) increased objectivity of analysis; 5) ease of reproducibility; and 6) cost effectiveness. PMID- 3908826 TI - The increase in immunosuppression and its role in the development of malignant lesions. AB - The first evidence that a major operation results in immunosuppression appeared in 1957. A few years later, numerous articles appeared in the medical literature showing that the same effect took place in the human being. When kidney transplantation was begun, it was soon learned that immunosuppression was necessary to obtain good results. Soon after suppression was adopted it was noted that malignancies were being encountered. The same was true with cardiac transplantation. Within the many types of immunodeficiencies, malignant lesions are significantly encountered in only one--AIDS. PMID- 3908827 TI - Historical note on bone and soft tissue sarcoma. AB - Since antiquity, the large bony and fleshy tumors have been called sarcomas. It was not until after the development of cellular pathology during the middle of the 19th century that sarcomas were separated from carcinomas on the basis of their tissues of origin. This paper traces the growth of these ideas as well as the introduction of effective methods of treatment of the sarcomas. PMID- 3908828 TI - Possible transitions from molecules to cells. AB - In view of the available data the present state of biogenesis research will be described. A reconstruction of the primordial cell evolution is carried through the Multistep hypothesis. The modular principle is an important criterion as a macro-mechanism of the evolution. PMID- 3908829 TI - Reinfusion of leukemic cells with the autologous marrow graft: preclinical studies on lodging and regrowth of leukemia. AB - To evaluate in quantitative terms the contribution of leukemic cells present in the autologous marrow graft to the occurrence of leukemia relapse after autologous bone marrow transplantation, preclinical studies were performed in a rat model for human acute myelocytic leukemia (BNML). Firstly, the number of leukemic cells which--after intravenous transfer--cause death from leukemia in 50% of the recipient rats proved to be 24.7 cells. Secondly, it appeared that the regrowth of leukemic cells in rats heavily pretreated with high-dose cyclophosphamide and total body irradiation was significantly hampered as compared with non-pretreated controls as judged by survival times (37 and 31 days, respectively after 10(3) BNML cells i.v.). The most likely explanation is treatment-induced damage to the microenvironment. Differences in patterns of lodging of infused leukemic cells were ruled out by comparing the uptake of 51Cr labeled BNML cells in various organs. Finally, extrapolated from the available rat data on log leukemic cell kill induced by high-dose chemoradiotherapy, an hypothesis is presented relating the total tumor load in man to the clinical outcome of autologous bone marrow transplantation. From this hypothesis it is derived that the minimal number of leukemic cells that causes leukemia upon intravenous transfer varies between 10(4) and 10(6). PMID- 3908830 TI - Haemopoietic stem cell: a new concept. AB - It is generally accepted that morphologically recognizable bone marrow (BM) cells are derived from progenitor cells committed to a specific line of haematopoietic differentiation [51]. The origin and morphological identity of such progenitor cells is not yet known and the question, whether there is a single pluripotent haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) or a variety of stem cells each with a capacity of self-replication and maintenance is still unresolved [37]. Although progress has been made in segregating [43, 47, 49, 64] various progenitor cells from one another and functional assays [11, 17, 42] have significantly promoted the study of haemopoietic precursor cells, morphological investigations were less rewarding. Even after enrichment, the morphology of haemopoietic stem- and colony forming cells only remained hypothetical, 'candidate stem cells' [3], because their precursor cell qualities could not be deduced from their morphology, but only retrospectively, and statistically from their function, i.e. in vitro colony formation or in-vivo haemopoietic reconstitution from an enriched cell suspension [58]. We postulate from our studies on semi-thin sections of undecalcified BM from healthy human fetuses, normal adults and patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and chronic granulocytic leukaemia (CGL) that the endosteal cells are the precursors of all haematopoietic cells in the bone marrow and are also capable of transformation into either stromal (fibroblast-like cells) or bone related cells (osteoblasts and osteoclasts). PMID- 3908831 TI - No evidence for structural or functional identity between p24/CD9 and p21/ras. AB - Experiments were undertaken to test the hypothesis that the p24/CD9 cell surface molecule (originally detected on acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells) and the p21 protein encoded by the ras gene family are related. Immunoprecipitation and guanine nucleotide binding assays conducted with BA-2 and anti-p21/ras monoclonal antibodies showed no evidence that p24/CD9 is structurally or functionally related to p21/ras. PMID- 3908832 TI - Calcium antagonist properties of magnesium: implications for antimigraine actions. PMID- 3908833 TI - The application of Clomid in the treatment of male infertility. PMID- 3908834 TI - Cracovia historiae medicinae in Polonia incunabula. PMID- 3908835 TI - The Protestant Hospital in Warsaw (1736-1943). PMID- 3908836 TI - Plasma renin activity and serum aldosterone level in children with acute viral hepatitis. PMID- 3908837 TI - School-age children's perceptions of isolation after hospital discharge. PMID- 3908838 TI - Growth rate and life span in Drosophila V. The effect of prolongation of the period of growth on the total duration of life (J.H. Northrop, 1917)--revisited. AB - Sixty-eight years ago Northrop observed a constant life span in Drosophila after a progressive increase of the duration of development of the flies achieved by using a yeastless nutrient medium to which he added yeast with a progressively increasing delay. This evidence against the more recent concept of an increased life span following an experimentally decreased developmental rate has generally been ignored due, presumably, to the imprecise methodology employed by Northrop at a time that Drosophila research was just commencing. We describe here a study that aimed at re-examining and extending Northrop's work by developing the flies in either a yeastless or a lightly yeasted medium. While in a yeastless medium development of flies was virtually arrested until yeast was added, in the yeasted medium a slow growth of the larvae was possible before yeast was added. With another method, larval growth rate was reduced over the entire developmental period by adding a relatively low amount of yeast in four portions and with various delays between portions (the first portion being added without delay). Our study confirmed the "Northrop-effect", i.e. the absence of an effect on life span from increased duration of development by a virtual arrest of growth of the larvae for a number of days. Further, it showed that manipulation of growth rate by portioning the yeast amount did not unequivocally support the concept that a lower growth rate leads to an increased life span. PMID- 3908840 TI - Induction casting: becoming the standard. PMID- 3908839 TI - Sexually dimorphic age-related changes in the distribution of immunoreactive luteinizing hormone releasing hormone in the platyfish. AB - In this study on platyfish we demonstrate that the distribution and intensity of immunoreactive luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (ir-LHRH) in the brain and pituitary gland fluctuate at specific ages between 8 and 30 months. These changes are not the same in males and females, and they vary for each LHRH-containing region in the brain. In males, ir-LHRH intensity is greatest in the nucleus olfactoretinalis (NOR), nucleus preopticus periventricularis (NPP) and nucleus lateralis tuberis (NLT) at 18 months of age. In females, by comparison, the NOR displays the same degree of immunoreactivity at all ages examined, as does the NLT, where ir-LHRH perikarya are absent at all ages and immunoreactivity is restricted to a few fibers. In the NPP, females show fluctuations similar to those seen in males, however, the intensity of ir-LHRH is always less, and the number of ir-LHRH perikarya appear to be fewer, than in males. Thus, the age related changes in LHRH systems in platyfish follow different patterns in males and females. Our study clearly indicates that immunocytochemical data must be evaluated with caution and that only after the age and sex of the animal and the maturational state of the gonads have been carefully scrutinized, can meaningful interpretations be made. PMID- 3908841 TI - Online parameter estimation and control of d-tubocurarine-induced muscle relaxation. PMID- 3908842 TI - [The "dawn" phenomenon]. PMID- 3908843 TI - [Neurology at the University Department of Medical Pathology]. PMID- 3908844 TI - [Bone marrow transplantation in acute leukemia: results in a series of 51 consecutive patients prepared with cyclophosphamide and total body irradiation]. PMID- 3908845 TI - [Pancreatic beta cell function in patients treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Its evolution in time and its relation with metabolic complications]. PMID- 3908846 TI - [Postmenopausal osteoporosis]. PMID- 3908847 TI - [Double-blind study of the efficacy of tetrabamate and tiapride in the treatment of alcohol deprivation syndrome]. PMID- 3908848 TI - [Glucagon test: criterion for insulin therapy in type II diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 3908849 TI - [Long-term efficacy of captopril in the treatment of moderate/intensive arterial hypertension resistant to 3 antihypertensive drugs]. PMID- 3908850 TI - [New advances in contraception and sterilization]. PMID- 3908852 TI - [Do I know to consult a bibliography? Past, present and future of research on biomedical information]. PMID- 3908851 TI - [Multicenter study of the efficacy of 3 antihypertensive regimens: captopril + hydrochlorothiazide, oxprenolol + hydrochlorothiazide, and alphamethyldopa + hydrochlorothiazide]. PMID- 3908853 TI - [Transient post-anastomotic stationary arterial waves in the transplanted kidney]. PMID- 3908854 TI - [Portal hypertension and pulmonary arterial hypertension]. PMID- 3908855 TI - Chemiluminescence as a tool for the evaluation of antimicrobial agents: a review. AB - Chemiluminescence is a measure of the respiratory burst of phagocytic immune cells following stimulation by antigen. Measurement of chemiluminescence by scintillation counters set in the out of coincidence mode or by instruments designed specifically to measure chemiluminescence is an accurate, reproducible means of evaluating the immune potential of chemiluminescence emiting cell populations. One area under recent investigation has been the study of the effect of antimicrobial agents on the ability of various immune cell populations to emit chemiluminescence. This technique permits the investigator to test the effect of a drug on the activity of immune cell populations. The purpose of this review is to describe chemiluminescence, the basic kinetics of the response following stimulation with various antigens, and the reported effects of antimicrobial agents on chemiluminescence which have appeared in the literature. PMID- 3908856 TI - [The nasal speculum. Its historical development and remarks on the history of rhinoscopy]. AB - The examination of the nose has been known to the ancient Egyptian medical doctors (Papyrus Ebers), and is exactly described by Hippocrates (460-377 B. C.). It has been performed in direct sunlight until the 13th century when candle light was recommended by Arnold de Villanova. However, G. C. Arranzi, in the 15th century, used a glass flask, filled with water, directing candle light through it into the patient's nose. The first endoscopic lamps appeared during the 18th century. The nasal speculum was first mentioned by Guy de Chauliac (13th century) and was illustrated for the first time by Arcolano (14th century). Fabricius Hildanus (1560-1634) constructed an aural speculum which was nearly identical to the nasal specula of today. It was developed further by Peret (18th century) and Wilhelm Kramer (1801-1875) to the type of nasal speculum which is still. Predecessors of the nasal speculum are specula which were in use for the examination of the vagina and the anus. The eldest specimens were found in Pompeji, the city that was destroyed in 76 A. D. These specula consisted of two or three blades which opened by pressure or by means of a crank. The prototype of these specula is a tubular speculum as described by the so-called Ayurvedic doctors of ancient Indian medicine (Ayurveda of Susruta ca. 500 B. C.). PMID- 3908857 TI - [Histopathologic findings in the posterior pharyngeal wall 8 years after treatment of velar insufficiency with Teflon injection]. AB - After a teflon injection into the submucosa of the posterior pharyngeal wall in a child, a corrective operative procedure was carried out eight years later because of severe open nasality due to velopharyngeal incompetence. A biopsy was taken from the eight year old teflon depot. The histological examination revealed a marked foreign body reaction with a persistent inflammation and fibrosis. The micromorphological comparison of the sizes of the teflon particles in the used teflon-glycerol paste with those detected in the examined tissue sample indicates the (cellular, lymphogenic) removal of the smaller teflon particles. PMID- 3908858 TI - [How can restenosis following transverse resection of the trachea be prevented?]. PMID- 3908859 TI - [Rare manifestation of Lever-type bullous pemphigoid in the larynx]. AB - A bullous pemphigoid type Lever had so far been unknown in the larynx. Clinical, histological and immunofluorescence-histological symptoms of such a case are presented. Diagnosis and therapy of bullous dermatoses require close cooperation between otorhinolaryngological and dermatological specialists. PMID- 3908861 TI - Drug resistance in leprosy--a review. PMID- 3908860 TI - [Bacteriologic studies on the preservation of bone implants]. AB - High demands on freedom from germs are made on auditory ossicles to be used as implants. Postoperative infections often result from the existence of germ contaminated ossicles. That is why we undertook microbiological examinations, using three frequently applied preserving methods for auditory ossicles kept for tympanoplasties. The results of the examinations were: Disinfection by Cialit (often used in clinical practice) produced unsatisfactory results. Disinfection by ethyl alcohol (70 per cent) and a subsequent treatment with thiomersal Ringer's solution (0.4 per cent) yielded satisfactory results. Disinfection by preservation with an aqueous solution of formalin and subsequent treatment with Cialit proved most effective. None of the applicated germs could be regrown. PMID- 3908862 TI - Viability of Mycobacterium leprae within the gut of Aedes aegypti after they feed on multibacillary lepromatous patients: a study by fluorescent and electron microscopes. PMID- 3908863 TI - Suppression of Mycobacterium leprae-induced leucocyte migration inhibition following lepromin injection in healthy contacts of leprosy. Preliminary observations. PMID- 3908864 TI - [Topical administration of human leukocyte interferon in patients with herpes zoster]. PMID- 3908865 TI - [Mycotoxins as carcinogenic agents]. PMID- 3908867 TI - Luteinizing hormone releasing activity of [Gln8]-LHRH and [His5, Trp7, Tyr8]-LHRH in the cockerel, in vivo and in vitro. AB - The luteinizing hormone (LH)-releasing activity of two distinct chicken luteinizing hormone releasing hormones ([Gln8]-LHRH and [His5, Trp7, Tyr8]-LHRH) were evaluated in white Leghorn cockerels. In the first study, thirty birds were randomly allotted to five groups and injected, i.v., with 0.9% saline, [Gln8] LHRH (cLHRH I, 1 microM or 10 microM) or [His5, Trp7, Tyr8]-LHRH, (cLHRH II; 1 microM or 10 microM). Blood samples were drawn prior to and through 60 min following the injection, and plasma was collected for LH determination. In the second study, anterior pituitary cells from cockerels were dispersed and preincubated for 1 hr. Approximately 1.5 X 10(5) cells per tube were incubated with either Medium 199 buffer (control), 8-bromo-cAMP or various doses of cLHRH I or cLHRH II at final concentrations ranging from 0.02 to 100.0 nM. At the end of a two hour incubation, supernatant was collected and the concentration of LH determined. Injection of cLHRH I or cLHRH II at 1 microM and 10 microM levels caused a significant increase in blood LH concentrations which peaked 5 min following injection. There were, however, no differences between the stimulatory effect of cLHRH I compared to cLHRH II at either dose. On the other hand, cLHRH II was found to be 4.7 times more potent than cLHRH I in stimulating LH release from dispersed pituitary cells. It is suggested that cLHRH II may have greater affinity for the gonadotroph receptor, greater uptake by the cell, and/or that it may be more resistant to in vitro degradation than cLHRH I. On the other hand, an extra pituitary site of degradation may be more effective in metabolizing cLHRH II, resulting in its equipotency with cLHRH I, in vivo. PMID- 3908866 TI - SCH 23390 dissociated from conventional neuroleptics in apomorphine climbing and primate acute dyskinesia models. AB - SCH 23390 induced only a negligible incidence of the acute dyskinetic syndrome, a predictor of neuroleptic-induced extrapyramidal liability, in squirrel monkeys. However, haloperidol-induced dyskinesias were potentiated by SCH 23390 and were blocked by the D-1 agonist, SKF 38393. When administered orally or intraperitoneally to mice, SCH 23390 showed a considerably wider dose separation than did conventional neuroleptics between antagonism of apomorphine climbing and antagonism of stereotyped sniffing. Clinically relevant distinctions may exist between D-1 and D-2 antagonists, with D-1 antagonists (exemplified by SCH 23390) showing lower, although possibly not negligible, potential to cause extrapyramidal side effects. PMID- 3908869 TI - Changes of relaxation times T1 and T2 in rat tissues after biopsy and fixation. AB - NMR spectroscopical measurements of relaxation times were conducted on muscle, intestine, fatty tissue and cerebral cortex and white matter of the rat at various time intervals following removal of the tissue. It appeared that most tissues can be stored at 4 degrees C up to 24 hours without noticeable effects on NMR relaxation parameters. Exceptions are the T2 of muscle and the T1 and T2 of intestine, which tended to change in the first hour after biopsy. Relaxation parameters change considerably after fixation of the tissues. Therefore the effects of fixation have to be taken into account when carrying out NMR measurements on fixed tissues. PMID- 3908868 TI - Administration of D-glucosamine into the third cerebroventricle induced feeding accompanied by hyperglycemia in rats. AB - D-glucosamine, 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucose, is known to be an endogenous glucose analogue and to antagonize glucose uptake and metabolism. The present experiments were aimed to clarify effects of glucosamine and related chemical substances on ingestive behavior, as well as its direct effects on hypothalamic neurons. Infusion of 24 mumole glucosamine into the third cerebroventricle induced feeding within 30 min in 5 rats out of 7 tested, accompanied by increased ambulatory activity. No periprandial drinking was observed. Plasma glucose level increased, peaking at 30 min after the injection. Plasma insulin level tended to increase, but not significantly. Electrophoretic application of glucosamine activated glucose-sensitive neurons in the lateral hypothalamus and suppressed glucoreceptors in the ventromedial hypothalamus. These facts, together with other reported results, suggest that glucosamine can modulate physiological feeding and that carbon 2 of the glucose molecule is important in feeding modulation by glucose analogues. PMID- 3908870 TI - MRI of a retained sponge in a dog. AB - Retained sponges after laparotomy may cause a broad spectrum of clinical symptoms and present a difficult diagnostic problem. We report a case of retained surgical sponge in a dog to illustrate the MRI findings of this infrequent but important cause of postoperative complications. PMID- 3908871 TI - The importance of free radicals and catalytic metal ions in human diseases. AB - The study of free radical reactions is not an isolated and esoteric branch of science. A knowledge of free radical chemistry and biochemistry is relevant to an understanding of all diseases and the mode of action of all toxins, if only because diseased or damaged tissues undergo radical reactions more readily than do normal tissues. However it does not follow that because radical reactions can be demonstrated, they are important in any particular instance. We hope that the careful techniques needed to assess the biological role of free radicals will become more widely used. PMID- 3908872 TI - DNA probes for microbial diagnosis. PMID- 3908873 TI - Monoclonal antibodies in blood group serology. PMID- 3908874 TI - Physiological effects of perfluorocarbon blood substitutes. PMID- 3908875 TI - [Radionuclide cisternography in the diagnosis of pathology of the cerebrospinal fluid system in children]. AB - Radionuclide cisternography (RCG) was performed in 78 children with different forms of hydrocephalus: external, internal (ventricular) and obstructive. Radiological signs were determined by spatial-time distribution of a radiopharmaceutical over the liquor pathways. Morphological and liquorodynamic disorders (liquor circulation and resorption disorders) served as a basis for the differentiation of hydrocephalus forms. PMID- 3908876 TI - [Equipment for emission computed gamma-tomography]. PMID- 3908877 TI - [30th anniversary of the organization of a nurses' council]. PMID- 3908878 TI - [Origin and significance of particles causing microemboli and clinical effectiveness of using filters in artificial blood circulation equipment]. PMID- 3908880 TI - Crystallization and heavy-atom derivatives of polynucleotides. PMID- 3908879 TI - Determinants of the training response in elderly men. AB - As part of a prospective randomized trial of the effect of regular exercise in older men, factors determining the magnitude of VO2max increase observed with endurance training were examined in 88 elderly [age 62.9 +/- 3.0 (SD) yr] males. VO2max before and after training was recorded as the highest VO2 observed during two incremental treadmill tests. One year of thrice weekly training sessions increased VO2max (12%, P less than 0.05) in the training group relative to baseline and to a control group (n = 100). The association between the post training VO2max (VO2max, T2) and the following explanatory variables was assessed using multiple regression analysis: the initial VO2max (VO2max, T1); the reason for stopping the initial treadmill test: leisure time activity during the year previous to the study: the training intensity (speed of walking or running, pulse rate during training, and percentage of heart rate reserve); pulmonary function (forced expiratory volume in 1 s); adiposity (skinfold thickness at 8 sites) and frequency of training. VO2max T1, speed of walking or running during training, reason for stopping the treadmill test, and skinfold thickness were significantly related to post-training VO2max. The intensity and frequency of the training stimulus explained over 10% of the variance in the training effect. Subjects whose test was halted because of fatigue increased VO2max more than those whose test was discontinued for medical or other reasons, even when speed of running was held constant. Previous activity had only a weak effect on training response. The total variance explained by these independent variables was 62%. PMID- 3908881 TI - Optical matching of physical models and electron density maps: early developments. PMID- 3908882 TI - The history of the male menopause 1848-1936. AB - The explicit intention of the majority of nineteenth and early twentieth century writers on the change of life was to dispel the aura of anxiety they believed surrounded the popular view of the menopause and to encourage middle-aged women (and their husbands) to regard the menopause as a necessary yet transitory phase through which the majority would pass to a higher and more fulfilling stage of life. These writers sometimes include references to the parallel problems of men, and from the latter part of the nineteenth century a distinct form of literature appears in Britain and the U.S.A. which portrays the male climacteric (or 'menopause') in a similar optimistic light. A central feature of this optimism is the gradual eroticisation of everyday life. PMID- 3908883 TI - Surveys of climacteric semeiology in non-Western populations: a critique. AB - Traditionally regarded as limited to Western women, the menopausal syndrome has the characteristics of a culture-bound syndrome. Yet, pointing to the results of recent surveys in non-Western populations, several investigators claim that the latter are also affected. Despite faults in collection, the salient data of these surveys are acceptable. This does not mean that the conclusions drawn from them are invariably correct. Many, including the claims referred to, are contestable. Researchers have failed to distinguish between the spontaneous symptoms of women subject to climacteric disturbances and the sensations others admit to on questioning. They do not differentiate between symptoms and semeions. Lack of discrimination between the two categories also confounds Western surveys of climacteric semeiology, obscured by a cultural context where acceptance of the climacteric syndrome transforms semeions, sensations, into incipient symptoms. Once outside, among non-Western populations, the distinction becomes vividly apparent. This is of great theoretical importance, both in the structuring of medical surveys and in explaining symptom formation. It may also clarify the effects of cultural/personal attention on the level of physiological activity associated with symptoms. PMID- 3908884 TI - Occurrence, nature and treatment of urinary incontinence in a 70-year-old female population. AB - An intervention trial using oral oestriol to treat urinary incontinence was performed in a number of patients taken from a representative sample of 562 women aged 75 yr. The clinical series consisted of 34 patients who took part in a double-blind crossover study of the possible effects of oestriol, given in a single daily dose of 3 mg, and of a placebo over a period of 3 mth. The clinical examinations included bacteriological cultures and an assessment of the degree of atrophy of the surface membranes in the vagina. In most patients, oestriol was effective in reversing the atrophy. The clinical effect was excellent in urgency and mixed incontinence, but not in stress incontinence. PMID- 3908885 TI - Douglass Houghton, MD: pioneer geologist, physician and leader. PMID- 3908886 TI - Reversion to bacillary forms of Serratia marcescens spheroplasts induced by carbenicillin. Scanning electron microscopic study. AB - Bacterial cells of Serratia marcescens were easily induced to form spheroplasts in liquid medium by the addition of carbenicillin. The spheroplasts were unable to divide, but they were able to revert to the bacillary forms in liquid medium not containing carbenicillin. Four phases of the reversion sequence could be differentiated by scanning electron microscopy. (1) After 3 hr of incubation in carbenicillin-free medium, some projections arose out of the spheroplasts, and grew and elongated. (2) Their elongation resulted in a morphological change in the spheroplasts from spherical bodies to long irregular bacillary forms. (3) Further incubation caused several constricted areas in the bacillary form. (4) The long bacillary forms split along the constricted areas to become the parent bacillary forms of S. marcescens. When the long bacillary form that developed during the reversion was retreated with carbenicillin, it was immediately induced to become a spheroplast again. PMID- 3908887 TI - Fibrinogen binding inhibits the fixation of the third component of human complement on surface of groups A, B, C, and G streptococci. AB - Effects of fibrinogen binding to M protein-positive and -negative streptococci on fixation of the third component of human complement (C3) were determined. In all test cultures of serological groups A, B, C, and G fixation of C3 was observed in normal human serum as revealed by quantitative fluorescent immunoassay. Fibrinogen binding inhibited the fixation of C3 on streptococci. The degree of inhibition was proportional to the extent of fibrinogen binding. Thus, inhibition of C3 fixation was most pronounced in strongly fibrinogen-positive streptococci of groups A, C, and G and not demonstrable in fibrinogen-negative cultures of groups C and G. Trypsinization of the streptococci destroyed their capacity to bind fibrinogen and consequently the inhibitory effects on C3 fixation. The carboxymethylated alpha and beta chains of fibrinogen moderately inhibited C3 fixation whereas gamma chain had no influence. These studies may indicate that fibrinogen binding structures other than M protein could also be involved in streptococcal pathogenicity. PMID- 3908888 TI - Chemical characterization of capsular polysaccharide from Cryptococcus neoformans serotype A-D. AB - During a study of serotyping of Cryptococcus neoformans, we found that the type strain of C. neoformans (CBS 132) was serotype A-D. This strain agglutinated with both factor 7 serum (specific for serotype A) and factor 8 serum (specific for serotype D) in our serotyping system. Therefore, we investigated the chemical structure of the antigenic capsular polysaccharide of this strain. The soluble capsular polysaccharide was obtained from the culture supernatant fluid by precipitation with ethanol. Column chromatography of the polysaccharide on DEAE cellulose yielded three fractions (F-1 to F-3). The major antigenic activity was found in the F-3 fraction. The results obtained by methylation analysis, controlled Smith degradation-methylation analysis, partial acid hydrolysis, and other structural studies of F-3 polysaccharide indicated that the polysaccharide contains mannose, xylose, and glucuronic acid at a ratio of 7:2:2, and has a backbone of alpha (1-3)-linked D-mannopyranoside residues with a single branch of beta (1-2)-xylose and glucuronic acid. The ratio of mannose residues with or without a branch in the F-3 polysaccharide was 4:3 and its molecular weight calculated from the average of the degree of polymerization was 46,500 daltons. These results indicate that the chemical structure of the capsular polysaccharide of serotype A-D is very similar to those from serotypes A and D, suggesting that small differences in the molar ratio and pattern of linkage of monosaccharides in the branch of the polysaccharides of the three serotypes may be responsible for their different specificities. PMID- 3908889 TI - Complications after mumps result from damage to the pancreas. AB - Infection by mumps virus was found to lead to complications involving the CNS and heart in certain individuals. It is hypothesized that infection of the pancreas by mumps virus leads to the production of toxic peptides which damage the brain and heart. PMID- 3908890 TI - Noise in stenosis measurement using digital subtraction angiography. AB - This paper examines statistical errors in the measurement of arterial stenoses by digital videodensitometry. Images of vessel phantoms were acquired using digital subtraction angiographic techniques with low concentrations of an iodine contrast medium and low levels of x-ray exposure. Effects of the spatial and temporal averaging of image information on signal-to-noise ratios in the stenosis measurement were of primary interest. The influences of iodine concentration, x ray scatter, veiling glare, x-ray energy spectrum, x-ray exposure, and detective quantum efficiency of the system were also included in the theoretical analysis. The agreement between theoretical calculation and experimental measurement of a simulated vessel was verified using measured values of the imaging system parameters. With a 14.2 mg/ml iodine concentration, using 20 mR per image at the entrance to a 13-cm water phantom, and averaging over a 6-mm length of a vessel 6.2 mm in diameter, the standard deviation in a measurement of a vessel's relative cross-sectional area was about 0.05. The extension of these results to practical applications in vivo is discussed. PMID- 3908891 TI - [Juvenile hypothyroidism]. PMID- 3908893 TI - [Italian multicenter experience in the treatment of neuroblastoma and soft tissue sarcoma]. PMID- 3908892 TI - [Hepatic and splenic echography and scintigraphy in patients with beta thalassemia given multiple transfusions]. PMID- 3908894 TI - Total care of the patient with a brain tumor with consideration of some ethical issues. AB - This overview discusses diagnostic accuracy, postoperative care, radiation therapy, reoperation, clinical trials, and care of the dying patient. Ethical issues are considered throughout. PMID- 3908895 TI - Neurologic complications of systemic cancer. AB - Patients with cancer commonly suffer neurologic disabilities. These neurologic disorders can be either metastatic to the brain, spinal cord, leptomeninges, or peripheral nerves or nonmetastatic including infections, vascular problems, metabolic abnormalities, side effects of therapy, or paraneoplastic syndromes. Careful diagnostic evaluation of patients with cancer and neurologic symptoms often indicates effective therapy. PMID- 3908896 TI - Rational brain tumor chemotherapy. The interaction of drug and tumor. AB - This article demonstrates that drug delivery to brain tumors is a function of both drug properties and tumor properties and that both must be considered in planning chemotherapeutic strategies. The range of variability in drug and tumor properties and the effect of each on drug delivery are illustrated. PMID- 3908897 TI - Role of stereotaxic biopsy in the management of patients with intracranial lesions. AB - The indications for stereotaxic biopsy in the management of patients with intracanial lesions is discussed. An overview of the different techniques available, and the author's technique and results are outlined. PMID- 3908898 TI - Resection and reoperation in neuro-oncology. Rationale and approach. AB - The author presents a discussion of the role of radical resection and reoperation in the treatment of patients with malignant brain tumors. Mechanical cytoreduction, morbidity and mortality associated with surgery, reoperation, principles of the surgical method, and the future of surgery are detailed. PMID- 3908899 TI - Rational approaches to the chemotherapy of medulloblastoma. AB - Medulloblastoma is the most common primary tumor of the CNS in childhood. Surgical intervention alone will not cure this tumor, and the addition of whole neuraxis irradiation has led to a 50 to 60 per cent, 5-year survival. The role of adjuvant chemotherapy is unclear, although certain subgroups of high-risk patients may benefit from this modality. Agents that have demonstrated activity against recurrent disease include vincristine, cyclophosphamide, cisplatin, methotrexate, dibromodulcitol, and the combination of procarbazine-vincristine CCNU. However, responses are generally transient and virtually no cures are reported. New, rationally selected agents are clearly needed. In vitro and in vivo models of human medulloblastoma using the medulloblastoma-derived cell lines TE-671 and D283 Med may allow such an approach. Phase II trials using the drugs effective in these models may identify active agents that will ultimately increase survival when used in an adjuvant setting. PMID- 3908900 TI - [Acute noncalculous cholecystitis following gastrectomy for gastric cancer--study by ultrasonic examination]. AB - In 190 patients who were operated for gastric cancer, incidence of post-operative noncalculous acute cholecystitis was studied. Twenty four patients was diagnosed as postoperative acute cholecystitis mainly by ultrasonic examination. As the sonographic appearance of 24 diagnosed cases, gallbladder distention was observed in 6 cases (25%), a thickened gallbladder wall in 19 cases (79%), intraluminal echoes within the gallbladder in 20 cases (83%) and sonolucent layer around the gallbladder in 14 cases (58%). In many cases clinical symptoms were so mild that without ultrasound they might be dealt with fever of unknown origin. With regard to treatment, conservative therapy by antibiotics was performed in 18 cases and ultrasonically guided percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage in 6 cases. In many cases, sludge demonstrated during the initial stage of acute cholecystitis remained for long period. In 6 cases, intraluminal echoes gradually changed into gallstones. Frequency of postoperative acute cholecystitis was 12.6% (24/190)--Subtotal gastrectomy: 8.4% (11/131), total gastrectomy: 23.0% (11/48) and proximal gastrectomy: 18.2% (2/11). In cases of Appleby operation, incidence was especially high--27.0% (10/37). Acute cholecystitis after gastrectomy for gastric cancer is not so rate complication as considered previously. PMID- 3908901 TI - [Effects of cyclosporine and blood transfusion on cardiac xenografts in combination of rat and mouse]. AB - Transplant surgeons have been interested in the transplantation of vasculized organ xenografts. We studied the effects of Cyclosporine and blood transfusion on rat heart xenografts in mice and in reverse combination. B6AF1 mouse recipients were transfused with C3D2F1 mouse blood, presenting H-2k/d antigen and with B10.BR mouse blood transfusion, presenting H-2D and H-9 antigen to recipients. All rejected on day 5 in control group and C3D2F1 group. Prolongation of xenograft survival occurred with MST (Mean Survival Time) of 7.0 +/- 1.7 days (p less than 0.01), when primed by B10.BR blood transfusion. The survival time (MST = 14.4 +/- 3.2 days (p less than 0.001) of rat heart xenografts was prolonged in mice recipients treated with i.m. injection of 20 mg/kg/day of Cyclosporine for 14 days (short term). When B6AF1 mouse hearts were grafted into Lewis rats, however, no significant prolongation of graft survival occurred in any of Cyclosporine-treated rats. Cyclosporine did not prove to beneficial in this combination because of rat natural antibodies or species-specific barriers to mouse. PMID- 3908902 TI - [Antitumor effects of bacterial lipopolysaccharide and tumor necrosis factor in mice]. AB - Using C3H/He mice, the antitumor effect and mechanism of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were studied. The antitumor effect of rabbit serum containing tumor necrosis factor (TNF) was also studied. LPS and TNF, which were administered into mice with tumors, induced hemorrhagic necrosis. LPS and TNF significantly inhibited the tumor growth, as compared with findings in the controls. In the initial stage after LPS administration, dilatation of tumor vessels and thrombus formation in tumor vessels were observed in the histologic study. Tumor blood flow was measured by the hydrogen clearance technique. Tumor blood flow was very small, and was remarkably decreased at 2 hours after LPS administration. These results suggest that hemorrhagic necrosis after LPS administration was due to the decrease of the tumor blood flow. In the study in vitro, YAC-1 cells were damaged but K562 cells were not damaged by rabbit serum containing TNF. In order to find the effect of LPS or TNF on cellular immunity, the delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) was studied. LPS and TNF prevented the decrease of DTH in the tumor bearing mice on day 25. PMID- 3908903 TI - [A new strategy for malignancies by direct hemoperfusion using bacterial endotoxin bounded fiber]. AB - Endotoxin derived from E.coli was chemically bounded to polystryen fiber (LPS immobilized fiber). Anti-cancer activities of LPS immobilized fiber (LPS-F) were evaluated by a single direct hemoperfusion (DHP) on the VX2 tumor-bearing rabbits. Examination I: Cancer-bearing rabbits were prepared by intradermal injection of 4 X 10(5) of VX2 tumor cells into the back. Five out of 11 (Group 1) were treated with DHP at 4-5th day, and 6 out of 10 (Group 2) at 7-9th day. Examination II: Seventeen out of 19 tumor-bearing rabbits were injected of 9.38 X 10(7) viable BCG intravenously. Next day they were implanted 1 X 10(6) of VX2 tumor into the thigh muscle. Twelve out of 17 were treated with DHP at 14 days after BCG infection (treated group). Other five of 17 belonged to the control group and two were not treated. Tumor growth were significantly suppressed in both groups (p less than 0.05). Survival rate was 2/5 (40%) in and 1/5 (20%) in group 2 and 0% in non-treated group. In examination II, survival rate were 8/12 (treated), 2/5 (BCG infected) and 0/2 (non-treated) respectively. In histological study, bleeding and tumor cell necrosis were found in tumor at 6 hr after DHP. DHP using LPS-F had tumoricidal activities on the VX2 tumor of rabbits. In BCG infected rabbits, this treatment could cause tumor necrosis and produce multiple humoral factors with tumoricidal activities. PMID- 3908904 TI - [Studies on prostaglandins in breast cancer]. PMID- 3908905 TI - Pancreatic islets contain the M2 isoenzyme of pyruvate kinase. Its phosphorylation has no effect on enzyme activity. AB - To determine which of the major isoenzymes of pyruvate kinase pancreatic islet pyruvate kinase most resembled, it was compared to pyruvate kinase from other tissues in kinetic and immunologic studies. The pattern of activation by fructose bisphosphate and the patterns of inhibition by alanine and phenylalanine were most similar to those of the M2 isoenzyme from kidney and were dissimilar to those of the isoenzymes from skeletal muscle (type M1) and liver (type L). The islet pyruvate kinase was inhibited by anti-M1 pyruvate kinase serum (which crossreacts with the M2 isoenzyme), but not by anti-L pyruvate kinase. These results are most consistent with islets possessing predominantly, if not exclusively, the M2 isoenzyme of pyruvate kinase. We previously showed that rat pancreatic islet cytosol contains protein kinases that can catalyze a calcium activated phosphorylation of an endogenous peptide that has properties, such as subunit molecular weight and isoelectric pH, that are identical to those of the M2 and M1 isoenzymes of pyruvate kinase, and that islet cytosol can catalyze phosphorylation of muscle pyruvate kinase. In the present study it was shown that incubating islet cytosol with ATP under conditions known to permit phosphorylation and inhibition of liver pyruvate kinase did not affect the islet pyruvate kinase activity. It is concluded that phosphorylation of the islet pyruvate kinase has no immediate effect on enzyme activity. PMID- 3908906 TI - Redox interconversion of Escherichia coli glutathione reductase. A study with permeabilized and intact cells. AB - The redox interconversion of Escherichia coli glutathione reductase has been studied both in situ, with permeabilized cells treated with different reductants, and in vivo, with intact cells incubated with compounds known to alter their intracellular redox state. The enzyme from toluene-permeabilized cells was inactivated in situ by NADPH, NADH, dithionite, dithiothreitol, or GSH. The enzyme remained, however, fully active upon incubation with the oxidized forms of such compounds. The inactivation was time-, temperature-, and concentration dependent; a 50% inactivation was promoted by just 2 microM NADPH, while 700 microM NADH was required for a similar effect. The enzyme from permeabilized cells was completely protected against redox inactivation by GSSG, and to a lesser extent by dithiothreitol, GSH, and NAD(P)+. The inactive enzyme was efficiently reactivated in situ by physiological GSSG concentrations. A significant reactivation was promoted also by GSH, although at concentrations two orders of magnitude below its physiological concentrations. The glutathione reductase from intact E. coli cells was inactivated in vivo by incubation with DL malate, DL-isocitrate, or higher L-lactate concentrations. The enzyme was protected against redox inactivation and fully reactivated by diamide in a concentration-dependent fashion. Diamide reactivation was not dependent on the synthesis of new protein, thus suggesting that the effect was really a true reactivation and not due to de novo synthesis of active enzyme. The glutathione reductase activity increased significantly after incubation of intact cells with tert-butyl or cumene hydroperoxides, suggesting that the enzyme was partially inactive within such cells. In conclusion, the above results show that both in situ and in vivo the glutathione reductase of Escherichia coli is subjected to a redox interconversion mechanism probably controlled by the intracellular NADPH and GSSG concentrations. PMID- 3908908 TI - The development of biochemistry in the 20th century. AB - This lecture consists of a short appraisal of some of the main features that have characterized the growth of biochemistry during the course of the 20th century. It dwells on the early impacts of vitalism, the emergence and elucidation of the vitamins, the discovery of coenzymes, the concept of active centres of enzymes, the development of experimental techniques (including the use of isotopes), the genetic code, and on the development of molecular biology and closely allied fields of investigation. It concludes with a consideration of the influence of the study of membranes and of neurochemistry on current biochemical thought. PMID- 3908907 TI - Biological effects of sulphated insulin in adipocytes and hepatocytes. AB - The binding affinity of sulphated insulin compared with unmodified, neutral insulin has been reported to be approximately four times lower in human and rat adipocytes but over twenty times lower in rat hepatocytes. In the present study the biological action of sulphated insulin was assessed in rat hepatocytes and human and rat adipocytes. To achieve half-maximal stimulation of fatty acid synthesis in rat hepatocytes about twenty one times higher concentrations of sulphated than neutral insulin were required (15.07 +/- 5.50 vs 0.71 +/- 0.34 nmol/l), this ratio being similar to the ratio of binding affinity in rat hepatocytes. In human adipocytes, half-maximal stimulation of initial rates of glucose uptake was observed at 11.6 +/- 5.1 vs 2.9 +/- 1.3 pmol/l for sulphated and neutral insulin respectively, and half-maximal inhibition of lipolysis at 31.0 +/- 13.5 vs 7.3 +/- 2.5 pmol/l respectively. These data are consistent with the four-fold lower binding affinity of sulphated insulin to human adipocytes. However, in rat adipocytes the biological potency of sulphated insulin was found to be much lower than anticipated from the binding data, half-maximal stimulation of initial rates of glucose uptake being observed at 757 +/- 299 vs 35 +/- 13 pmol/l respectively and half-maximal inhibition of lipolysis at 35.9 +/- 12.1 vs 1.5 +/- 0.5 pmol/l respectively. Thus, in rat adipocytes, approximately 22 times the concentration of sulphated insulin was required to achieve equivalent biological effect. A discrepancy between binding affinity and biological action with respect to sulphated insulin was identified in rat adipocytes but not human adipocytes nor rat hepatocytes suggesting differences in the binding-action linkage in these cells. PMID- 3908909 TI - Synthesis of highly unsaturated phosphatidylcholines in the development of sperm motility: a role for epididymal glycerol-3-phosphorylcholine. AB - Interpretation of the experimental literature on epididymal glycerophosphorylcholine metabolism according to a recently proposed de novo pathway for the synthesis of acyl-specific phosphatidylcholine suggests that epididymal glycerophosphorylcholine is an intermediate of this proposed pathway. This glycerophosphodiester is postulated to be utilized by spermatozoa to synthesize docosahexaenoic phosphatidylcholine, proposed to be required for the development of sperm motility. A defect in glycerophosphorylcholine synthesis might be responsible for some forms of asthenozoospermia. PMID- 3908910 TI - [Ribosomal proteins directly interacting with fMet-tRNAfMet in the 30S initiation complex]. AB - By means of ultraviolet-induced (254nm) RNA-protein cross-links it is shown, that tRNAfMet inside the preinitiation complex, formed by binding of fMet-tRNAfMet with 30S subunit of E. coli ribosome and RNA of the phage MS2 in the presence of initiation factors, directly interacts with proteins S4, S5, S9, S11, S14 and S15 S17. PMID- 3908912 TI - [Structural organization of double-stranded RNA from killer yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae by the thermal denaturation method]. AB - The thermal denaturation method for studying the structural organization of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) from virus-like particles of killer yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae was used. High resolution derivative denaturation profiles of total dsRNA and its L- and M-types were obtained. Comparative analysis of these data with those on phage DNA denaturation demonstrated that the processes of denaturation of dsRNA and phage DNA were identical in quality. Increase of thermostability, interval of thermal denaturation and width of local helix-to-coil transitions in dsRNA as compared with phage DNA are caused by the differences of corresponding thermodynamic parameters. Derivative denaturation profiles of L- and M-types of yeasts dsRNA were shown to have certain identical local transitions. Low melting transition, consisting of three local thermalites, is due to the denaturation of AU-rich region (about 200 n.b.p.) in M-dsRNA. PMID- 3908911 TI - [Deacylated tRNA binds with 50S subunits of Escherichia coli ribosomes at a special site not corresponding to the P'-site]. AB - In the presence of methanol 50S ribosomal subunits reveal two independents sites for binding of deacylated tRNA and/or AcPhe-tRNA. The site with lower affinity was identified with the donor (P') site as the dissociation constant (Ka) for AcPhe-tRNA was equal to the Michaelis constant for its reaction with puromycin both at 0 degrees C and 25 degrees C. Log Ka increases linearly with methanol concentration. This suggests that there are no conformational transitions of the interacting components, the affinity increases only quantatively due to lowering of the dielectric constant of water, and the site can exist even in the absence of methanol, but its Ka may be too low to be measured. It follows from these data that the higher-affinity site, which is observed both in the absence and presence of methanol, cannot be the P' site as it was generally believed. By all its properties it is more like the additional E site, which has been recently found on 70S ribosomes. Specifically, its affinity for deacylated tRNA is about 1000 fold higher than for AcPhe-tRNA (in the P'-site they are almost the same). PMID- 3908913 TI - [The role of ppGpp in the coordination of transcription of the ribosomal protein genes rplKAJL and RNA-polymerase rpoBC genes in Escherichia coli cells]. AB - Transcription of the ribosomal protein genes rplKAJL and of the RNA polymerase genes proBC in the E. coli cells depends on the level of regulatory nucleotide ppGpp. The ppGpp acts as a negative regulator of transcription of the rpoBC genes in conditions of moderate deficiency of amino acids (after the cells were shifted down from amino acid rich to minimal media) or after incomplete deacylation of tRNA exerted by addition of serine-hydroxamate, or by partial inactivation of valyl-tRNA synthetase. Rifampicin of low concentrations, which inhibit total transcription not more than to 50%, stimulates transcription of the genes rpoBC and rplKAJL. It was estimated that stimulatory effect of rifampicin results from the ability of this antibiotic to decrease synthesis of ppGpp--the negative regulator of transcription of genes rplKAJL and rpoBC. PMID- 3908914 TI - [Kinetics of DNA-dependent RNA synthesis: couple synthesis of di-, tri- and tetranucleotides in the presence of a limited set of substrates]. AB - The qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the short oligonucleotides synthesis by Escherichia coli RNA polymerase on A1 promoter of the bacteriophage T7 in the presence if incomplete set of nucleoside triphosphates were studied. The binding of the fourth substrate with enzyme-template complex was shown to occur after binding of the third substrate only. The curves of di-, tri- and tetranucleotide synthesis as the function of CTP and GTP concentration were constructed. The empiric formulas for the rates of the coupled synthesis if tri- and tetranucleotides were derived from these curves. A kinetic scheme describing the experimental data was proposed. PMID- 3908915 TI - [Sonographic findings in postpartum adrenal hemorrhage]. AB - Report of 77 cases with postpartal adrenal hemorrhage. The diagnoses were made by ultrasonography. The ultrasonographic features, the findings of plain abdominal X ray studies, and of intravenous urography are described. PMID- 3908916 TI - [Value of lymphography, computer tomography and ultrasound in the diagnosis of infradiaphragmatic malignant lymphomas in children]. AB - 25 children with Hodgkin's disease and 6 children with Non-Hodgkin-lymphoma were reviewed in order to compare the diagnostic value of lymphography, CT and sonography. As compared with staging-laparotomy, sensitivity for the detection of lymph node involvement was 78% for lymphography, 33% for CT and 57% for the ultrasound examination. Specifity was 55%, 88%, and 83% respectively. Undetected involvement of splenic and liver hilar lymph nodes, unspecific lymphadenitis and fluid-filled bowl loops caused most of the false negative and false positive findings. In 10 children histological examination showed splenic involvement. No splenic lesion was seen by CT in 7 of these children. Splenic disease could be clearly identified by ultrasound in only one child. Although children with lymph node involvement had always splenic manifestations of malignant lymphomatous disease it is concluded that staging laparotomy is an indispensable tool in diagnosing malignant lymphoma. Lymphography should not be abandoned with children. It should be used in combination with either CT or ultrasound examination. PMID- 3908917 TI - [Diagnostic value of sonography in vesico-ureteral reflux in infancy and childhood]. AB - The direct demonstration of reflux by filling of the urinary bladder using real time sonography is a new method avoiding radiation exposure. Since 1979 we use this technique (Miktions-Cysto-Sonographie, MCS) as routine procedure. In 117 cases with 163 radiologically diagnosed refluxes we could demonstrate, that refluxes of grad II or higher gave a positive sonogram. As a consequence it is proposed, that for children with urinary tract infections the first examinations should be the sonography of kidneys and the sonographic evaluation of reflux. In the cases of conservatively treated refluxes the check-up of the reflux is carried out only sonographically. The same is valid for the control after antireflux surgery. Thus radiological examinations are necessary only for sonographically suspicious findings. The urinary tract obstruction after antireflux operations is detected sonographically, too. In 99 cases of antireflux operations it could be shown, that the urinary flow came back to the normal state within 3 months post operation. PMID- 3908918 TI - [Neonatal meningitis caused by Streptococcus mitis]. AB - We report on a female newborn, 37 weeks of gestational age, who - after normal pregnancy and delivery - fell ill with a neonatal meningitis caused by streptococcus mitis. Until now this bacillus has been thought to be apathogen. The disease was cured completely by Penicillin therapy. The infection of a healthy newborn caused by streptococcus mitis, a streptococcus viridans, has not been described before. PMID- 3908919 TI - Electroconvulsive therapy. National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement. PMID- 3908920 TI - Adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer. National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement. PMID- 3908921 TI - Ultrasonographic features of "milk of calcium" in kidney. PMID- 3908922 TI - Formation of bacterial mutagens from the reaction of chewing tobacco with nitrite. AB - Using the Salmonella/microsome assay system, the mutagenicity of chewing tobacco extracts (CTE) treated with and without sodium nitrite under acidic conditions was examined. Mutagenic activity was found only for nitrite-treated CTE in both tester strains, TA98 and TA100, and was independent of metabolic activation. Formation of mutagenic substances from CTE by nitrite was dependent on acidic pHs (the highest at pH 2) and could be inhibited by ascorbate. The mutagenic potency of CTE plus nitrite was proportional to the content of nitroso compounds generated in the reaction mixture, indicating that the nitrosation process was involved. The possible in vivo nitrosation and the potential health effect are discussed. PMID- 3908923 TI - Effect of induction by DDT on metabolism and mutagenicity of benzo[a]pyrene. AB - Liver microsomal enzymes are essential for the detection of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P)-mediated mutagenesis in the Salmonella/mammalian microsome mutagenicity test and, furthermore, this mutagenicity is considerably enhanced by induction of hepatic enzymes involved with drug metabolism. Although Aroclor 1254 is most commonly used for induction of S9 enzymes, DDT is also capable of this induction. This paper reports a comparison of liver S9 fraction induced by the two agents: there is a marked difference in their concentration optima for metabolism of B[a]P; greater numbers of revertant colonies are seen with Aroclor-induced S9, which is optimal at a concentration of 10% (v/v), whereas DDT-induced S9 is optimal at 2.5% (v/v); Aroclor induces aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH), cytochrome P-450 and epoxide hydrase while DDT induces only AHH, to about half the level detected in the Aroclor-induced S9 fraction. A comparison of metabolite distribution for Aroclor- and DDT-induced hepatic microsomes reveals quantitative differences only. DDT-induced microsomes yield a greater proportion of B[a]P-4,5 oxide and its metabolic product B[a]P-4,5-dihydrodiol than do Aroclor-induced microsomes. Time course studies on the mutagen half-life measured on the agar plate provides good evidence that metabolites responsible for mutagenicity were different for each inducer. PMID- 3908924 TI - Appearance of direct-acting mutagenicity of various foodstuffs produced in Japan and Southeast Asia on nitrite treatment. AB - After nitrite treatment, various kinds of pickled vegetables and sun-dried fishes produced in Japan showed direct-acting mutagenicity on Salmonella typhimurium TA100, inducing 1900-18000 revertants/g. Kimchis, sun-dried fishes, sun-dried squid, soy sauces, fish sauces, bean pastes and shrimp paste produced in Korea, the Philippines and Thailand also showed direct-acting mutagenicity after nitrite treatment. All soy sauces and fish sauces tested contained as much tyramine as 17 1020 micrograms/ml, but very low or undetectable amounts of (-)-(1S,3S)- and (-) (1R,3S)-1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acids. PMID- 3908925 TI - Evaluation of the mutagenic activity of some aza-aromatic hydrocarbons. AB - The mutagenic activity of 7 aza-aromatic hydrocarbons, which are suspected of being environmental pollutants, was assessed using the Salmonella assay. The compounds tested were: 1-azachrysene, 2-azachrysene, 4-azachrysene, 1 azabenz[a]anthracene, 2-azabenz[a]anthracene, 9-azabenz[a]anthracene, and 12 benzo[a]pyrene. None of the compounds was mutagenic in the absence of S9, but all were mutagenic in the presence of S9. PMID- 3908926 TI - Mutagenicity of acrylamide and its analogues in Salmonella typhimurium. AB - Acrylamide and its 15 analogues have been tested for mutagenicity in 5 TA strains of Salmonella typhimurium. Acrylamide, N-tert-butylacrylamide, crotonamide, diacetone acrylamide, N,N-diethylacrylamide, N,N-dimethylacrylamide, N hydroxymethylacrylamide, N-methylacrylamide, N-isobutoxymethylacrylamide, N isopropylacrylamide, methacrylamide, N,N'-methylene-bis-acrylamide and N-tert octylacrylamide appeared not to be mutagenic in the standard Ames assay both with and without Aroclor 1254-induced S9, and in both the plate incubation and liquid preincubation procedures. Three epoxide analogues, i.e., glycidamide, N,N diglycidyl acrylamide and glycidyl methacrylamide showed mutagenicity in one or two strains both with and without the S9. PMID- 3908927 TI - Mutagenicity of some dialkylnitrosamines, cyclic nitrosamines and N,N diethanolnitrosamine in Salmonella typhimurium with rat and rabbit nasal, lung and liver S9 homogenates. AB - 6 nitrosamines, 5 of which cause rat nasal cancer, were tested for mutagenicity in the TA100 strain of S. typhimurium with rat and rabbit nasal, lung and liver S9 homogenates. The TA98 strain also was used with rabbit tissue homogenates. The two cyclic nitrosamines tested, N-nitrosopiperidine and N-nitrosopyrrolidine, were substantially mutagenic with all rabbit tissue homogenates in TA100, but in the rat only nasal homogenate was effective in activating them. N Nitrosodi(n)propylamine also was activated by rat nasal tissue homogenate but not by the other rat or rabbit tissue homogenates. Diethanolnitrosamine was a direct mutagen in both TA100 and TA98. N-Nitrosodimethylamine and N-nitrosodiethylamine were not mutagenic under any test conditions. The results indicate that some nitrosamines that cause nasal cancer can be activated by nasal enzymes and that possibly important differences in activating capabilities occur among respiratory tract and hepatic tissues and among animal species. PMID- 3908928 TI - Mutagens in human urine: effects of cigarette smoking and diet. AB - Human urine from smokers and nonsmokers on strictly controlled diets was assayed for mutagenic activity. Two distinct diets were employed in this study. Diet study A consisted of a high-meat, high-fat diet, observed for 5 days, followed by a vegan diet, adhered to for the next 5 days. The vegan diet contained no meat, fish, eggs, or dairy products. It was comprised of soy products, prepackaged vegan dinners, seeds, nuts, fruits, vegetables, beans and herbal teas. Diet study B consisted of 3 days on a typical western diet followed by a macrobiotic diet of grains and fresh vegetables for 5 days. Portions of 24-h urine samples were assayed in Salmonella typhimurium TA1538. The levels of urinary creatinine and cotinine were measured. Mutagenic activity was observed in the urine of most smokers. However, the levels of mutagens in the urine of light smokers were similar to those of nonsmokers. For both nonsmokers and smokers there was a significant increase in urine mutagenicity when volunteers were on the vegan diet. Several nonsmokers on the vegan diet in diet study A had pronounced mutagenic activity in their urine samples, in some instances at higher levels than that in the urine of smokers on a meat diet. In diet study B no clear differences were observed between the meat diet and the macrobiotic diet. In diet studies A and B the mutagenic potency of smokers' urine could not be correlated with cotinine levels alone or with urinary pH. These data suggest that dietary factors can play a dominant role in the mutagenicity of urine concentrates. PMID- 3908930 TI - Photodynamic mutagenic action of acridine compounds on yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - The photodynamically produced mutagenicity and toxicity of 8 acridine compounds were compared in Saccharomyces cerevisiae under resting and growing conditions. Without irradiation none of the acridines induced respiratory-deficient ('petite') colonies, indicative of mitochondrial DNA damage, in resting cells; and only acriflavine and proflavine induced 'petites' in growing cells. Also, without irradiation none of the acridines were significantly toxic or mutagenic for nuclear DNA under resting or growing conditions. However, with irradiation, acriflavine, proflavine, acridine yellow and rivanol became effective 'petite' inducing mutagens and highly toxic for resting cells, while acriflavine, proflavine, and acridine orange became effective nuclear mutagens for resting cells. Acridine, quinacrine and 9-aminoacridine were not at all biologically effective with irradiation for resting cells. The results presented here indicate that singlet oxygen is generated by a photodynamic mechanism when acriflavine is irradiated, and further, that acridine, quinacrine and 9-aminoacridine are ineffective photosensitizers, because they are incapable of generating singlet oxygen with irradiation. PMID- 3908929 TI - The nitrosation of alcohol-induced metabolites produces mutagenic substances. PMID- 3908931 TI - Adherence of Candida albicans to vaginal epithelia: significance of morphological form and effect of ketoconazole. PMID- 3908932 TI - A comparative study of once daily bifonazole cream versus twice daily miconazole cream in the treatment of tinea pedis. PMID- 3908933 TI - Amplification of the killer system for differentiation of Candida albicans strains. PMID- 3908934 TI - Guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase in Plasmodium falciparum and other Plasmodium species. AB - GTP cyclohydrolase (EC 3.5.4.16), the first enzyme in the pteridine pathway leading to the de novo formation of folic acid, has been identified and isolated from the human malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum. The enzyme was purified 200-fold by high performance size-exclusion chromatography on a TSK-G-3000 SW protein column. The molecular weight was estimated at 300 000. Optimal enzyme activity was observed at pH 8.0 and 42 degrees C. The Km for GTP was 54.6 microM. Products of the enzyme reaction were identified as the carbon-8 of GTP and D erythro-dihydroneopterin triphosphate. ATP was a competitive inhibitor (Ki = 600 microM) of the enzyme. Activity of the enzyme was Mg2+-independent, whereas Mn2+, Cu2+ and Hg2+ (5 mM) were inhibitory. GTP cyclohydrolase activity was also identified in a murine parasite, Plasmodium berghei, and a simian parasite, Plasmodium knowlesi. Activity of the enzyme in P. knowlesi, an intrinsically synchronous quotidian parasite, was found to be dependent on the stage of parasite development. PMID- 3908935 TI - Purification and characterization of culture-derived exoantigens of Plasmodium falciparum. AB - An 83 kDa glycoprotein and a 100 kDa glycoprotein have been purified from the supernatant fluid of in vitro cultures of Plasmodium falciparum by conventional cation-exchange liquid chromatography, size exclusion high performance liquid chromatography, and anion-exchange high performance liquid chromatography. Both proteins exist as dimers in the native state and have been identified as parasite antigens by Western immunoblotting and by their specific reactivity in the indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of these two proteins has been determined and they are at least 90% homologous. The use of monospecific rabbit antisera raised against the individual pure proteins confirm their cross-reactivity. We postulate that the 83 kDa protein is a specific processing product of the larger 100 kDa protein. The presence of these proteins in the culture supernatant suggests they could both be derived from the merozoite surface coat and are potential protective antigens. PMID- 3908936 TI - Nutritional enrichments do not affect growth or stability of heterokaryons of Candida albicans. AB - Complex nutritional supplements which stimulate growth of monokaryons of Candida albicans have no effect on growth or stability of heterokaryons. This evidence that heterokaryotic growth is characteristically limited by something other than nutritional circumstances is consistent with prior indications of naturally dysfunctional ribosomes in heterokaryons. PMID- 3908937 TI - Candida endophthalmitis after heroin abuse. AB - Three cases of ocular candidosis involving heroin abusers have been observed in 1983 in Toulouse department of ophthalmology. These three patients had used iranian brown heroin. Twenty similar cases have been published in these last years. This new pathology can be explained on two reasons. The first is that the drug abusers have some immunity pertubation; however, immunity exploration in these patients does not reveal any immunodeficiency. The second reason, certainly more important, is the method of using heroin. The diagnosis of Candida endophthalmitis of course based on clinical context must be proved by biological tests. Candida albicans is never identified in aqueous humor. For this reason, it seems very interesting to detect anti-candida antibodies in aqueous humor. It has been used as methods of dosage laser Nephelemetry for IgG and immunofluorescence for candidosis antibodies. The criterion used is similar to the toxoplasmosis coefficient established by Desmonts (3). In two cases, this test was the only way that permits us to have certitude of candidosis ocular diagnosis. Otherwise the observations show that anterior chamber punction is more significant when there is an anterior uveitis. PMID- 3908938 TI - Experimental pulmonary candidiasis in modified rabbits. II. Immunohistochemical evidence of participation of immune complexes in the formation of fungal lesions in C. albicans-sensitized hosts. AB - Pulmonary lesions induced by an intratracheal inoculation of Candida albicans into rabbits in untreated control, bovine serum albumin (BSA)-sensitized and C. albicans-sensitized groups were examined immunohistochemically to clarify the localization of IgG, IgM and C3. In the control group no inflammatory cells were immunoreactive for IgG and only a few macrophages for IgM and C3, whereas in the BSA- and C. albicans-sensitized groups there were a small number of IgG-positive polymorphonuclear leukocytes and IgM- and C3-positive macrophages in the lesions, the latter group being more prominent. Furthermore, epithelioid granulomatous lesions at the late stage in the C. albicans-sensitized animals showed scattered epithelioid cells containing IgG as well as abundant IgG- and IgM-positive plasma cells. These immunohistochemical results were considered to support the estimation that immune complexes contributed to the modification of fungal lesions in the C. albicans-sensitized hosts, although non-immunological defense mechanisms seemed to be more important in the elimination of the fungus. PMID- 3908939 TI - Japanese ethics. Edging towards transplants. PMID- 3908941 TI - Roster. North Carolina Medical Society 1985-1986. PMID- 3908940 TI - The Rankin Clinical Research Unit of Duke University Medical Center commemorates 25th anniversary. PMID- 3908942 TI - [Xerostomia. II. Therapeutic possibilities]. PMID- 3908943 TI - [Value of the rapid diagnosis of sexually transmissible disorders, especially of gonorrhea, Chlamydia trachomatis infections and herpes genitalis]. PMID- 3908944 TI - [Does ultrasound have side effects?]. PMID- 3908945 TI - [Rupture of the tendon of the quadriceps thigh muscle]. PMID- 3908946 TI - [Current significance of stereotactic exploration in the diagnosis and therapy of space-occupying cerebral processes]. AB - To reach good functional results in patients with spaceoccupying processes- especially with those localized in the dominant hemisphere operative treatment should be planned individually, which is impossible if all diagnostic assessments are followed by the same surgical procedure. The choice of appropriate method of therapy in case of brain tumor depends on various factors, such as the histological nature, extent and volume, relationship to the brain structures and vessels, and spatial form of the growth. The synthesis of all neuroradiological information from stereotactic exploration, together with the histological findings from stereotactic serial biopsies yields a three-dimensional representation of the brain with the tumor. This method seems to offer the optimal basis for the choice of appropriate treatment--especially for gliomas- between surgery, radiotherapy (external or/and interstitial), endocavitary radiation therapy or drainage. PMID- 3908947 TI - [The concept of disease of Emil Kraepelin]. PMID- 3908948 TI - [Emil Kraepelin, schizophrenia and the military service. Historical vignette]. PMID- 3908949 TI - Current concept of the role of antidiuretic hormone in osmoregulation and volume regulation in man. A review. PMID- 3908951 TI - Clinical aspects of peritoneal permeability. PMID- 3908950 TI - Circadian rhythms and the kidney. A review. PMID- 3908952 TI - Absorption and biological effect of intraperitoneal insulin administration in patients with terminal renal failure treated by continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). PMID- 3908953 TI - Chyluria in immigrants from Surinam. PMID- 3908954 TI - Pathophysiological and clinical aspects of the interaction between non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) and diuretics. PMID- 3908956 TI - [Effects of aldosterone on renal ammoniagenesis]. AB - The first section of this short review will present our knowledge on the renal production and excretion of ammonia, and the second portion will consider the data currently available concerned with the possible mechanisms whereby aldosterone influences renal ammoniagenesis. PMID- 3908955 TI - [Functional neurosurgery of cerebral palsy]. AB - In 1983, approximately 40 000 patients in France and 5 760 patients in Switzerland suffered from cerebral palsy, representing more than 0.1% of their respective populations. The functional disability of these patients is particularly impressive and emphasizes the medical, social and economic importance of this problem. The term cerebral palsy is restricted to non progressive disorders of motor function, already observed at an early age and due to cerebral lesions. These motor disorders can be of paretic, dystonic and dyskinetic nature. Their epidemiology, classification, etiology, pathology, early diagnosis and evolution are extensively reviewed by Th. Deonna. The difficulty in evaluation of treatment is the absence of a generally accepted rating scale. G. Broggi has proposed one on the basis of a large experience which could serve in the future for more objective evaluation. This monograph is devoted to the functional neurosurgical treatment of cerebral palsy. Physiotherapy and rehabilitation are part of the basic treatment of cerebral palsy, and must be continued after any neurosurgical treatment. Various conservative methods of treatment and their neurophysiological rationale are mentioned by P. Claverie. Some technical devices which improve the neurological deficits and facilitate rehabilitation are presented. Radiculotomies and neurotomies are probably the oldest neurosurgical operations for the treatment of spasticity. The neurophysiological and neuroanatomical basis of this therapeutic approach are treated in the review of the material from the neurosurgical department of Montpellier. Sixty cases were collected and the results analysed according to the type of operation (posterior radiculotomy, anterior radiculotomy, mixed) performed. Stereotactic thalamotomies and subthalamotomies are believed to be the best neurosurgical method to treat the tremor and improve other dyskinesias and hyperkinesias. The technique and a personal review of 49 cases of cerebral palsy are presented. The long-term follow-up in this study demonstrates that this type of operation markedly improves the functional disability of patients with moderate hyperkinesias, moderately improves patients severely affected, but also demonstrates that possible side effects cannot be ignored. Review of the literature indicates the difficulty in interpretation of results due to a lack of objective evaluation. Nevertheless, stereotactic thalamotomy can still be recommended when tremor and rigidity are the most prominent symptoms. Stereotactic dentatotomies in the treatment of spasticity were very popular 20 years ago, but have been largely forgotten for nearly a decade.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3908957 TI - [Type IV renal tubular acidosis: pathogenetic role of aldosterone deficiency and hyperkalemia]. AB - Type IV renal tubular acidosis (RTA) is a syndrome of tubular dysfunction manifested clinically by persisting hyperkalemia and metabolic acidosis that occurs usually in patients with mild to moderate chronic glomerular insufficiency. The pathophysiologic characteristics include: reduced renal clearance of potassium; a reduced rate of renal bicarbonate reabsorption at normal plasma bicarbonate concentrations (the magnitude of which is insufficiently great to implicate the proximal tubule); an unimpaired ability to maintain a steep hydrogen ion concentration gradient between blood and urine during acidosis; and a reduced rate of renal net acid excretion despite highly acidic urine, due in part to reduced urinary excretion of ammonium, which in turn appears to be due in part to suppression of renal ammoniagenesis by hyperkalemia. Many patients with type IV RTA, but not all, have hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism. The roles of mineralocorticoid deficiency and hyperkalemia in the pathogenesis of type IV RTA will be considered and the ameliorative effects of treatment with fludrocortisone, furosemide, and dietary potassium restriction reviewed. PMID- 3908958 TI - [Aldosterone antagonists: hypotensive and natriuretic drugs]. AB - Antimineralocorticoid drugs are widely prescribed as hypertensive agents, with an efficacy comparable to other drugs (thiazide diuretics, beta-blockers), especially in low-renin hypertension. However they require a prolonged lag-time (several weeks) in order to obtain maximal hypotensive effect. There is no hypokalemia and its possible cardiac and metabolic consequences. They are sometimes responsible for dose-dependent sexual side effect. Knowing the pathophysiology of these effects as well as the precise renal and extra-renal mechanism of action of antimineralocorticoids should lead to the discovery of new specific, efficient and safe compounds for which there is need in the management of hypertension. PMID- 3908959 TI - [Reversible renal insufficiency and arterial hypertension after renal transplantation: role of transplant artery stenosis and a captopril-furosemide combination]. AB - Acute renal failure after captopril therapy in patients with transplant artery stenosis is well known. The study of a new observation may stress three particular points: 1) Diagnosis may be difficult just after transplantation in case of initial acute renal failure. 2) Renal function rapidly improved after withdrawing captopril and furosemide; after surgical treatment of the stenosis, a new course of captopril therapy was possible without any decrease of glomerular filtration rate. 3) A critical fall in filtration fraction seems to be the essential mechanism of renal failure, but specific interstitial lesions of the transplant showed on kidney biopsies, might be discussed. PMID- 3908961 TI - [Intraoperative monitoring during brain surgery by B-mode ultrasonography]. PMID- 3908960 TI - [Current data on the physiological effects of aldosterone in the kidney]. AB - In this brief review, only the physiological effects of aldosterone on electrolyte transports along the nephron will be considered. An increase in sodium reabsorption is the only effect unanimously reported. A rise in potassium excretion is probable but still under discussion. This is also the case for acid excretion, but, in this case, the mechanism is controversial. Calcium, magnesium and phosphate excretion seem to be unaffected by aldosterone. Effects on water excretion are uncertain. The cortical collecting tubule is the only segment where an aldosterone effect is ensured. In spite of some contradictory data, it seems very probable that distal tubule is also a target site for aldosterone. In contrast, numerous evidences argue against a direct effect of aldosterone along the proximal tubule and Henle's loop. Data concerning medullary collecting ducts are still controversial. In order to interpret correctly data on aldosterone action, it is absolutely necessary to keep in mind the dose of aldosterone utilized (often too high, responsible for unspecific effects), and possible dissociations between results from in vitro and in vivo experiments, or between data obtained from whole kidney and from defined tubular segments. PMID- 3908962 TI - Effects of castration and maturational age of male rats on the process of copper stimulated release of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone from median eminence explants: evidence that androgens increase the affinity of the copper-interactive sites for copper. AB - We have previously shown that chelated copper stimulates the release of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) from explants of the median eminence area (MEA) incubated under in vitro conditions and that this stimulation involves a ligand-specific interaction. In this study, we addressed the question: do testicular steroids regulate the secretory response of LHRH neurons to copper? MEA, obtained from immature, mature, immature castrated and sham-operated rats, were incubated in the presence of various concentrations of copper for 15 min and then in the absence of copper for an additional period of 30 min. We noted that after a lag period of 5 min of incubation, the rate of LHRH release increased in a linear fashion for a period of 15 min. In addition, the rate of LHRH release as well as the rate at which LHRH release was accelerated were saturable functions of the concentration of copper. When incubation was carried out in the presence of a nonsaturating concentration of copper (50 microM), the fractional amount (percent of the total MEA content) of LHRH released from the MEA of castrated rats was significantly (p less than 0.001) lower than that from sham-operated rats; stimulated release being 0.9% and 1.4%, respectively. Similarly, copper stimulated release from the MEA of immature rats was lower than that from the MEA of mature rats. However, when incubation was carried out in the presence of saturating concentrations of copper (100 or 200 microM), the percentage of stimulated release from the MEA of castrated rats was similar to that of sham operated rats and significantly lower than that of mature and sham-operated rats, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3908963 TI - Increase in brain and pituitary radioimmunoassayable gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) in the European silver eel treated with sexual steroid or human chorionic gonadotropin. AB - In the female silver eel, a single estradiol 17 beta (E2) injection significantly increased radioimmunoassayable GnRH (IRGnRH) in the di- and mesencephalon and also in the telencephalon and olfactory lobes, during the first following days; after a chronic estradiol treatment, the pituitary IRGnRH was doubled. In the male silver eel, a single injection of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), which is able to induce a progressive testicular development and a durable increase in androgens production, produced a long-term effect on IRGnRH: IRGnRH was significantly increased in the same brain areas as in E2-treated females; a more important rise (10-fold) was observed for pituitary IRGnRH, probably reflecting the accumulation of GnRH in the axonal endings which directly innervate the pituitary in teleosts. These results suggest a positive effect of sexual steroids on GnRH synthesis but not release in the silver eel. PMID- 3908964 TI - Management of lumbar translocation injuries: case reports. AB - Lumbar translocation (complete lumbar dislocation) injuries constitute a severe and highly unstable form of thoraco-lumbar spinal injury and are uncommon. Adequate management of such injuries includes removing the neural tissue compression and realigning and stabilizing the spine. Computerized axial tomographic scans of the spine are very dramatic in demonstrating encroachment on the spinal canal by bony fragments. We report two cases of lumbar translocation injuries with favorable outcomes. The patients were initially managed with halo femoral traction, resulting in spinal reduction and eliminating the need for acute surgical intervention, and subsequently underwent posterior fusion for stability. Anterior decompression was done at a later date as computed tomography showed retropulsed intracanalicular bone fragments. The use of Harrington rod instrumentation and realignment of the spine did not free the canal of bony fragments and, hence, decompression was required. PMID- 3908965 TI - Sudden loss of pain control with morphine pump due to catheter migration. AB - The use of implantable morphine pumps for the treatment of cancer pain is increasing. A sudden loss of previously adequate pain control should suggest pump malfunction. Pump revision should be considered, rather than automatically increasing oral analgesics. This case report details a rapid loss of pain control due to intraspinal catheter migration into the abdominal subcutaneous space. PMID- 3908966 TI - Diaphragm pacing by electrical stimulation of the phrenic nerve. AB - Sophisticated techniques for electrical stimulation of excitable tissue to treat neuromuscular disorders rationally have been developed over the past 3 decades. A historical review shows that electricity has been applied to the phrenic nerves to activate the diaphragm for some 200 years. Of the contemporary methods for stimulating the phrenic nerve in cases of ventilatory insufficiency, the authors prefer stimulation of the phrenic nerve in the thorax using a platinum ribbon electrode placed behind the nerve and an attached subcutaneously implanted radiofrequency (RF) receiver inductively coupled to an external RF transmitter. Instructions are given for implanting the electrode-receiver assembly, emphasizing atraumatic handling of the phrenic nerve and strict aseptic techniques. Diaphragm pacing is conducted with low frequency electrical stimulation at a slow repetition (respiratory) rate to condition the diaphragm muscle against fatigue and maintain it fatigue-free. Candidates for diaphragm pacing are those with ventilatory insufficiency due to malfunction of the respiratory control center or interruption of the upper motor neurons of the phrenic nerve. In the Yale series, there were 77 patients treated by diaphragm pacing; 63 (82%) started before 1981 and thus were available for follow-up for at least 5 years; 33 (52%) were paced for 5 to 10 years, and 15 (24%) were paced for 10 to 16. Long term stimulation of the phrenic nerves to pace the diaphragm is an effective method of ventilatory support in selected cases. PMID- 3908967 TI - Unusual problems for the physician in managing a hospital patient who received a malicious insulin overdose. AB - A patient recovering normally from a biopsy and subtotal removal of a malignant brain tumor became severely hypoglycemic on the ward and died. The differential diagnosis eliminated disease as a possible cause, and medication error on the floor was also ruled out. Deliberate administration of a massive dose of insulin intravenously seemed to be the only alternative. A careful investigation supported the likelihood of a criminal act. The patient's wife came under suspicion and was subsequently arrested, charged with murder, and convicted. This sequence of events created three problems that fell outside of our normal professional training and experience as physicians. First, we were slow to suspect foul play in our search for an unusual cause. Second, the steps taken to protect the patient against further risk without denying reasonable rights to family or arousing the suspect's suspicions needed strengthening. Third, even though the occurrence of these events in a hospital allowed an unusual degree of evidence documenting the allegations to be accumulated, key parts of the evidence could not be used. The routine hospital handling of laboratory tests critical to support of the accusations was not sufficient to meet the demands of the legal system, which has its own criteria. We discuss the issues in managing these problems. PMID- 3908968 TI - W. W. Keen: America's pioneer neurological surgeon. AB - The contributions of William Williams Keen to the development of neurological surgery were greater than those of any other American surgeon in the last quarter of the 19th century. His close association with S. Weir Mitchell, the father of American neurology, spanned more than 50 years. Keen's early publications included topics of neuroanatomical and neurophysiological interest. He was the first surgeon in America to remove a meningeal tumor and effect a cure and the first in America to stimulate the brain at operation. He made contributions to the surgical treatment of hydrocephalus, craniostenosis, torticollis, trigeminal neuralgia, and nervous system trauma. Keen's surgical texts provided an important foundation for Cushing, Frazier, and those that followed. Showered with honors as America's dean of surgery, Keen lived to see the many specialties evolve. PMID- 3908969 TI - On the origin of the term "neuropsychology". PMID- 3908970 TI - The place of digital intravenous angiography in cerebral infarcts. AB - The authors describe their technique of intravenous digital subtraction angiography (IVDSA) and discuss the results in cerebral infarcts. IVDSA is a good first stage examination for the recognition of stenosis or occlusion of cervical vessels to the brain, as it is an only marginally invasive and easy technique. It is, however, good neither for the study of focal cervical not of intracranial areas. PMID- 3908971 TI - Astrocytic cerebellar cell clones synthesize the beta' isoforms of the beta tubulin protein family. AB - We have analysed the isotubulin pattern of three astrocytic cell clones, derived from spontaneously established permanent cell cultures originating from 8-day postnatal mice cerebellar explants, in comparison with that of primary astroglial cultures from embryonic brain and cerebellum. These astrocytic clones, which may represent the different astroglial cell types of mouse cerebellum, did not produce the alpha- and beta-acidic isoforms, these being found only in cells of neuronal lineage. However, the three astrocytic clones, but not the primary astroglial cultures, did synthesize the beta'-tubulin isoforms; in addition quantitative analysis of the beta' proteins showed a positive correlation between the ability of the cells to extend processes and their synthesis of the beta' isoforms. These data suggest that the presence of beta'-tubulin is not specific for neuronal cells but may be related to the ability of cells from the nervous system to extend processes. PMID- 3908972 TI - [Atenolol-chlorthalidone combination vs placebo: controlled clinical trial in patients with medium-mild arterial hypertension]. PMID- 3908973 TI - [Role of real-time echotomography in the study of transient ischemic attacks in the carotids]. PMID- 3908974 TI - [Aneurysms of the splenic artery. Presentation of a case]. PMID- 3908975 TI - [Current status of perfusion and preservation of the pancreas for transplantation]. PMID- 3908976 TI - [Retroperitoneal tumors. Clinical contribution]. PMID- 3908977 TI - [Post-traumatic myositis ossificans. Description of a case of rare localization]. PMID- 3908978 TI - [Exsanguinating hemorrhage caused by perforation of a pseudocyst of the tail of the pancreas in the transverse colon]. PMID- 3908979 TI - [Anatomicopathological findings relating to fungal infections: considerations on their increase and microbiological findings]. AB - 2,366 consecutive autopsies carried out at the Institute of Anatomy and Histopathology of the University of Genova over the last 10 years are re examined. 33 cases of visceral mycosis were found (a frequency of 1.4%). The following factors were considered: number and location of fungal infection, morphological characteristics of mycetes responsible, host tissue reaction, relationship with any other disease manifestation or predisposing factors. It is emphasized that these infections are increasing in frequency and severity. Clinics should therefore always consider possible fungal causes in the differential diagnosis of infections. PMID- 3908980 TI - [Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. Radiological and ultrasonographic aspects]. AB - Clinical, radiological and ultrasonographical features of three cases of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis, one of which in a child, are reported. Presurgical diagnosis of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is difficult and infrequent to date (10-14% of cases according to different workers). This complaint is generally mistaken for other types of kidney infections or tumours. The use of ultrasonography and computed tomography in particular help recognition of the disease and above all help to assess its extra-renal spread: something that has only recently been made possible. PMID- 3908981 TI - [History of pharmacy. A German pharmaceutic dynasty: the Trommsdorffs]. PMID- 3908982 TI - [Fibromas in pregnancy. Clinico-therapeutic considerations]. PMID- 3908983 TI - [The role of echography in cervico-segmental incontinence]. PMID- 3908984 TI - [Fetal urodynamics. Preliminary echographic study in drug-dependent patients]. PMID- 3908985 TI - [Morphologic study of the development of the ovarian follicle in the normal menstrual cycle by ultrasound]. PMID- 3908986 TI - [Echographic diagnosis of fetal abnormalities: neural tube]. PMID- 3908987 TI - [Echographic diagnosis of fetal abnormalities: urinary tract]. PMID- 3908988 TI - [Echographic diagnosis of fetal abnormalities: gastrointestinal and skeletal systems]. PMID- 3908989 TI - [Echographic diagnosis of fetal abnormalities: cardiovascular system]. PMID- 3908990 TI - [Echography as support for the modern invasive technics in obstetrics]. PMID- 3908991 TI - [Comparison of fetal auxiometric curves]. PMID- 3908992 TI - [Echographic monitoring of pathologic pregnancy in the first trimester: threatened abortion]. PMID- 3908993 TI - [Pathology of initial pregnancy: blighted ovum and vesicular mole]. PMID- 3908994 TI - [Echography and extrauterine pregnancy]. PMID- 3908995 TI - [Possibilities and limitations of placental echography]. PMID- 3908996 TI - [The use of ultrasound in the evaluation of fetal well-being towards the end of the pregnancy]. PMID- 3908997 TI - [A rare case of thoracoabdominopagous twins of late diagnosis: obstetric management]. PMID- 3908998 TI - Xenobiotic metabolism and toxicity in primary monolayer cultures of hepatocytes. AB - Primary monolayer cultures of hepatocytes are very useful for both in vitro screening of cytotoxic and genotoxic chemicals and for studies on mechanisms of action of such compounds. However, culturing hepatocytes as monolayers result changes in the activity of drug metabolizing enzymes, with a reduction of cytochrome P-450 dependent enzyme activities as the most important examples of such changes. Thus, the overall metabolism of toxic chemicals in hepatocyte cultures seem to be closest to the in vivo situation in the earlier time periods after isolation. Compared to suspension cultures, monolayer cultures makes it possible to follow toxic effects of a chemical over a longer period of time. However, hepatocytes do not readily replicate in culture, making studies on gene or chromosomal mutational effects impossible. Despite these limitations, several studies have shown that monolayers of hepatocytes represent a good experimental model for studies on many aspects of the genotoxic effects of chemical carcinogens, such as the formation of covalently bound adducts to DNA, DNA breakage and DNA repair synthesis. The use of inhibitors of various drug metabolizing enzymes, have illustrated that different cellular effects of a carcinogen may be caused by different metabolites. Many aspects of modification of the carcinogenic process, such as the effects of co-carcinogens, anti carcinogens and inducers of xenobiotic metabolism, as well as strain and species variations in metabolism, have been widely studied in hepatocyte cultures. Hepatocyte cultures have also been successfully used as a metabolic activation system in co-cultures with other cells which will respond to cytotoxic, mutagenic and/or carcinogenic metabolites. The use of monolayers of hepatocytes as metabolic activation system seems often to be more relevance to in vivo situation compared to the use of subcellular fractions in such studies. When extrapolating data from such in vitro studies to the in vivo situation it should be borne in mind, however, that cancer development may relate more to the proportion of the dose which is activated and less on the rate of activation. Furthermore, cancer development is a complex, multistage process which obviously is not only dependent on the genotoxic and cytotoxic characteristics of a chemical. PMID- 3908999 TI - Immunohistochemical staining of cholinergic neurons in the human brain using a polyclonal antibody to human choline acetyltransferase. AB - Antibodies against human placental choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) were used to immunohistochemically stain cholinergic neurons in the neostriatum and nucleus basalis of Meynert in human brain. Cells in both regions were intensely stained as were nerve fibers. Comparable cells were stained in these same brain regions in the rat. This anti-human ChAT antibody will enable the further detailed characterization of cholinergic neurons in the human brain in both health and disease. PMID- 3909001 TI - Use of a species-specific antibody for demonstrating mouse neurons transplanted to rat brains. AB - A cell surface monoclonal antibody specific for mouse central nervous system neurons was used to identify mouse tissue transplanted to neonatal rat brains. Neuronal cell bodies and processes were stained in the transplants. Immature axons were stained growing out of the transplants into the host brain; and in mature brains unmyelinated axons and terminal plexuses were demonstrated. The technique allows a variety of studies to be performed on transplant-host interactions, especially in circumstances where the two are closely apposed. PMID- 3909000 TI - Fibroblast growth factor, epidermal growth factor and insulin exert a neuronal like influence on acetylcholine receptors in aneurally cultured human muscle. AB - Fibroblast growth factor (FGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF) and insulin added in combination to the culture medium in which normal human muscle was cultured caused a 4.0-fold (P less than 0.005) increase of the total number of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) and a 4.5-fold (P less than 0.001) increase in AChR aggregation. Individually, only FGF caused a 3.0-fold increase (P less than 0.005) in AChR aggregation, without influencing the total number of AChRs. To the contrary, insulin alone caused a 2.0-fold increase (P less than 0.05) in the total number of AChRs without influencing AChR aggregation. These findings show that these three polypeptide growth factors exert a neuronal-like influence on cultured human muscle in regard to AChRs. PMID- 3909002 TI - The influence of serotonergic inputs on peptide neurons in the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus: an immunocytochemical study. AB - The influence of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) innervation on peptide containing neurons in the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) was investigated by peroxidase-anti-peroxidase (PAP) immunocytochemistry. The 5-HT neuronal system was chemically severed by 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine (5,6-DHT) injection into the medial forebrain bundle bilaterally. After this treatment, a marked decrease of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)-like immunoreactivity in neuronal perikarya occurred in the SCN corresponding to a decrease in number of 5-HT immunoreactive fibers and terminals. However, no alteration of arginine-vasopressin-like immunoreactivity was detected between 5,6-DHT-treated animals and the controls. It is speculated that VIP-like immunoreactive neurons play an important role in the SCN under the influence of strong 5-HT innervation. PMID- 3909003 TI - Onset and development of neuron-specific enolase immunoreactivity in the peripheral vestibular system of the mouse. AB - The development of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) immunoreactivity in mouse sensory and ganglion vestibular cells was studied from gestation day 14 to adulthood. NSE staining appeared sequentially in these structures with a pattern that closely paralled their maturation sequences. The onset of NSE reactivity, at gestation day 15, in ganglion cells was concomitant with the formation of contacts between the afferent fibers and sensory cells, and was observed in hair cells, at gestation day 17, during the period in which the first synaptic structures form. The development of NSE staining in the cristae revealed an apex base and axial gradients of maturation. PMID- 3909004 TI - Cholinergic and acetylcholinesterase-containing neurons of the chicken retina. AB - In the chicken retina, choline acetyltransferase-like immunoreactivity (ChAT-LI) defines three populations of cholinergic amacrine cells and two terminal bands in the inner plexiform layer (IPL). Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) histochemistry defines two prominent bands within the IPL which corresponded to those containing ChAT. Other AChE-positive bands in the IPL are not associated with cholinergic transmission sites. Cholinergic cell bodies contain AChE, but the most intensely AChE-positive cells do not appear to be cholinergic. AChE histochemistry may be used to define the major cholinergic synaptic sites in the IPL, and may be a useful marker of IPL lamination. PMID- 3909005 TI - Cultured human neural cells accumulate a heat-shock protein during acute herpes simplex virus infection. AB - Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) infection of cultured human neural cells causes the accumulation of a host cell-encoded nuclear protein identified as a 57,000 mol.wt. stress protein by monoclonal antibody TI56. This protein is cell cycle related in fibroblast, may mediate host cell control during HSV infection and could play a role in the regulation of HSV latency. PMID- 3909006 TI - Prospective payment calls for boosting productivity. PMID- 3909007 TI - Folate-binding proteins. PMID- 3909008 TI - Parathyroid hormone, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and calcitonin in women breast feeding twins. PMID- 3909009 TI - Late onset of hemorrhagic disease of the newborn. PMID- 3909010 TI - Na+-induced conformational changes in intestinal glucose and amino acid transporters. PMID- 3909011 TI - Yeast copperthionein: function and regulation. PMID- 3909012 TI - Insulin is the primary regulator of glycogen synthesis in cultured liver cells. PMID- 3909013 TI - Can dietary selenium modify cancer risk? PMID- 3909014 TI - Promoting advanced nursing practice. AB - Nurses functioning in advanced practice roles, particularly those in private practice or in other entrepreneurial roles, need to develop strategies which inform potential clients about the professional services they offer. This article describes practice-promotion strategies used by psychiatric nurses in private practice. A survey by the authors suggests that many of these strategies are viewed as either professionally appropriate or business-producing, but usually not both. Nurse entrepreneurs, in seeking means to promote their practices, must determine which promotional strategies are useful in their own unique circumstances. PMID- 3909015 TI - Control of ovulation, vaginal estrus, and behavioral receptivity in voles (Microtus). AB - Rodents of the genus Microtus provide an excellent focus for the study of the effects of environmental and behavioral influences on reproductive physiology. Despite some early reports, there is little definitive evidence of truly spontaneous ovulation in Microtus. Stimuli from copulation with males appear capable of triggering ovulation in all species: the requisite amount of stimulation for ovulation and a functional luteal phase varies with the species. In addition, however, a certain percentage of the females of some, but not all, species ovulate when placed in proximity to males when copulation is presented. There are few reports of regular cycles of cell types in the vaginal smears of Microtus females; the relative preponderance of cornified, nucleated, and leukocytic cells varies with species and conditions. Behavioral receptivity is not invariably correlated with smear type. The complexity of environment-behavior relationships in different species suggests the need for a more comprehensive classification schema for systems of female reproductive physiology and a study of their adaptive significance. PMID- 3909016 TI - Photoperiodic control of seasonal body weight cycles in hamsters. AB - Syrian (Mesocricetus auratus) and Siberian (Phodopus sungorus sungorus) hamsters exhibit seasonal changes in body weight mainly by altering their carcass lipid stores. These seasonal changes are triggered largely by the photoperiod. Although both species exhibit gonadal regression when exposed to short photoperiods ("winterlike") daylength), they show opposite body weight changes. Syrian hamsters gain weight, but Siberian hamsters lose weight following short photoperiod exposure. Syrian hamsters prepare for overwintering by increasing energy stored as carcass lipid. In contrast, Siberian hamsters decrease their metabolic mass and therefore require lower energy intake for energy maintenance. In Syrian, and perhaps Siberian hamsters the short day-induced weight changes are exaggerated by high fat diets. Both species show photoperiod-induced changes in body weight without changing their food intake, suggesting a metabolic basis for these effects. In Syrian hamsters, the obesity is not secondary to gonadal regression, whereas in Siberian hamsters, the decrease in body weight is independent of the gonads for males but may be dependent upon the gonads in females. The pineal gland and its hormone, melatonin, are important transducers of photoperiodic signals in hamsters. This is certainly true for Siberian hamsters, in which pinealectomy blocks the short day-induced body weight loss. In contrast, pinealectomy has little effect on short day-induced weight gain in Syrian hamsters. Nevertheless, in both species, the body weight and gonadal changes induced by short day exposure are mimicked by systemic administration of melatonin in long day-housed animals. Thus, for these two hamster species, the same hormone, melatonin, produces opposite effects on body weight but does so by affecting the same carcass component. The target sites of action for the effects of melatonin on body weight change, energy metabolism, and reproductive status are not known. However, the suprachiasmatic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus are potentially important sites of action. The target site(s) and mechanism(s) of action for the pineal/melatonin-independent effect of photoperiod on body weight in Syrian hamsters are also unknown. This photoperiodic response is highly unusual among mammals in that it is not pineal-dependent. Studies of the mechanisms underlying these body weight changes in Syrian and Siberian hamsters may provide fundamental knowledge about how environmental influences affect obesity and they may also provide insight into the various strategies for overwintering shaped by natural selection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3909017 TI - Animal cognition as the praxist views it. AB - The distinction between psychology and praxics provides a clear answer to the question of animal cognition. As Griffin and others have noted, the kinds of behavioral phenomena that lead psychologists to speak of cognition in humans are also observed in nonhuman animals, and therefore those who are convinced of the legitimacy of psychology should not hesitate to speak of and to attempt to study animal cognition. The behavior of organisms is also a legitimate subject matter, and praxics, the study of behavior, has led to significant advances in our understanding of the kinds of behaviors that lead psychologists to speak of cognition. Praxics is a biological science; the attempt by students of behavior to appropriate psychology has been misguided. Generativity theory is an example of a formal theory of behavior that has proved useful both in the engineering of intelligent performances in nonhuman animals and in the prediction of intelligent performances in humans. PMID- 3909018 TI - Quantitative Doppler spectrum analysis of extracranial carotid artery stenosis. PMID- 3909019 TI - Cyclosporin A. PMID- 3909020 TI - Antenatal ultrasound diagnosis of developmental abnormalities. PMID- 3909021 TI - Ketotifen and asthma. PMID- 3909023 TI - Screening for cervical cancer. PMID- 3909024 TI - Conservative periodontics. PMID- 3909022 TI - Demonstration of antibodies reacting with Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin in sera of patients suffering from Campylobacter jejuni/coli. PMID- 3909025 TI - Dentin bonding: present status. PMID- 3909026 TI - Esthetic bonding myths. PMID- 3909027 TI - Morphological effect of enamel reduction on bonded veneers. PMID- 3909028 TI - Experimental use of posterior resin in the treatment of TMJ/MPD syndromes. PMID- 3909029 TI - Bonding for improved retention of removable appliances. PMID- 3909030 TI - Obtaining a tighter contact on two-surface composite restorations. PMID- 3909031 TI - Significant contributions to the progress of dentistry during the 20th century. PMID- 3909032 TI - Recombinant interferon-alpha-2C in laryngeal papillomatosis: preliminary results of a prospective multicentre trial. AB - A preparation of interferon-alpha 2C of high purity formed by recombinant DNA technology was used as adjuvant therapy following removal of laryngeal papillomas by cauterization or laser vaporization. Preliminary data on 20 patients are reported and include 11 complete and 7 partial responses. Side-effects included initial temperature elevation, but this subsided and other side-effects were uncommon. No antibodies to the interferon preparation were found in any of the patients. PMID- 3909033 TI - [Evaluation of 524 cervicoencephalic Doppler studies in ocular pathology]. AB - 524 persons showing pathological ocular symptoms (hypertony, transient amaurosis, macular alterations, retinal vascular alterations, pigmentary retinopathy) underwent a cervicoencephalic Doppler test with echotomography. The results confirm the frequency and importance, in many cases, of latent cervicoencephalic degeneration: 12-27% of the subjects had important or very important atheromatous vessels, 25-42% with carotid endarterial plates, 1-10% with carotid stenosis (higher than 80%), 12-24% with alterations of the ophthalmic arteries. Such a noninvasive investigation is a very useful means to explore the hemodynamic and physiological status of the vascular surroundings of the eye and of the central arteries of the retina; it could be a very valuable tool for preventive and curative therapy. PMID- 3909034 TI - Detection of HLA class I and II antigens in rejected human corneal allografts. AB - We compared the distribution of HLA-ABC (class I) and HLA-DR (class II) antigens on fresh human donor corneal tissue, donor corneas following a 72-hour storage in McCarey-Kaufman (M-K) medium, and corneal buttons from patients with allograft rejection and with chronic herpetic stromal keratitis. Incubation in M-K media had little or no effect on the distribution of HLA antigens as compared with fresh tissue. In contrast to control corneas, both HLA class I and II antigens were detected on corneal endothelial cells, cells in the stroma, and on basal epithelial cells in rejected allografts. Corneal endothelium in herpetic buttons did not express detectable HLA antigens. HLA-DR positive Langerhan's cells were demonstrated in the central corneal epithelium of rejected allografts, as well as in herpetic corneas, but not in control corneas except at the limbus. Based upon these observations, a theory of corneal allograft rejection in humans is proposed based upon the induction of class I HLA-ABC and class II HLA-DR antigens on cells in the donor button by a factor(s) associated with cellular inflammation. PMID- 3909035 TI - Decreased endothelial cell survival after transplantation of corneas preserved by three modifications of corneal organ culture technique. AB - We placed human donor corneas in M-K medium at 4 degrees C for 24 hours, cultured them in minimal essential medium at 34 degrees C for two to five weeks, and then either (1) placed the corneas in M-K medium at 4 degrees C for 48 hours before transplantation (Group 1, 47 eyes); (2) placed the corneas in M-K medium at 4 degrees C for 16 hours before transplantation (Group 2, 17 eyes); or (3) transplanted the corneas without postculture cooling to 4 degrees C (Group 3, 11 eyes). We compared the corneas preserved by organ culture with an equal number of corneas transplanted during the same period, but preserved only in M-K medium at 4 degrees C for one to four days. The central endothelial cell losses noted two months after keratoplasty were significantly greater in the organ-cultured corneas than in the M-K-preserved corneas in each of the three groups. The mean endothelial cell loss in the 11 organ-cultured corneas in Group 3 was significantly less than that in the 64 organ-cultured corneas in Groups 1 and 2. The corneas in Group 1 were also examined one year after keratoplasty, and the cell losses in the organ-cultured grafts remained significantly greater than those in the M-K-preserved grafts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3909036 TI - Visual acuity, refractive error, and astigmatism following corneal transplantation for pseudophakic bullous keratopathy. AB - Seventy-six corneal transplants performed by one surgeon for pseudophakic bullous keratopathy (PBK) were studied. The mean follow-up was 23 months (range 2-76). Of 41 eyes with lenses left in situ, the mean acuity was 20/45; 60.9% of the eyes saw 20/40 or better. In contrast, the mean acuity for 18 eyes with lens removal and 17 eyes with intraocular lens exchange was 20/52 and 20/62, respectively; 42.8% saw 20/40 or better. Eighty-three percent of all grafts remained clear. Vitreous loss, glaucoma, and cystoid macular edema were more common with eyes with lens removals and exchanges. The type of lens present at transplant for PBK did not affect visual outcome. Although the results were not statistically significant, this study suggests that lenses left in situ are associated with a better visual prognosis, and that there is no difference in the clinical results between aphakic and pseudophakic bullous keratopathy. PMID- 3909037 TI - Intraocular lens powers used in the triple procedure. Effect on visual acuity and refractive error. AB - The refractive results of 43 consecutive triple procedures (transplant, cataract extraction, and lens implant) performed by one surgeon were analyzed. Twenty-one out of 43 eyes achieved refractive errors within 2 diopters (D) of emmetropia. The mean refractive error was -1.79 D, and the mean corneal astigmatic error was 2.75 D. Seventy percent of the eyes achieved 20/40 or better corrected acuity. Forty-four percent had 20/80 or better uncorrected acuity. Using the average postoperative keratometry readings from other recent transplant cases and an updated A constant in the SRK regression formula would have placed 39 of 43 eyes (91%) within 2 D of emmetropia with a mean refractive error of -0.07 D. The use of recent keratometry readings in a multiple regression formula is recommended to improve refractive results with the triple procedure. PMID- 3909038 TI - Refractive keratoplasty. Histopathology of clinical specimens. AB - Two keratophakia (KF), one epikeratophakia (EKP), three myopic keratomileusis (MKM), and three hypermetropic keratomileusis (HKM) specimens obtained 3.5 to 31 months following refractive keratoplasty were evaluated. The corneas were removed at keratoplasty due to postoperative complications, such as corneal edema, irregular astigmatism, delayed reepithelialization, stromal ulceration, epithelial interface ingrowth, and loss of visual acuity. The KF specimens demonstrated viable epithelium in the recipient-donor lenticule interface, disruption of the normal collagen lamellar pattern in the lenticule, and absence of keratocytes. All of the keratomileusis lenticules and the one epikeratophakia lenticule had variable keratocyte repopulation. All specimens showed irregular epithelial maturation. In one case of myopic keratomileusis, ferritin-like particles were found in the epithelial intercellular spaces. Folds in Bowman's membrane were seen in several keratomileusis lenticules; in one case, breaks in Bowman's membrane (BM) were seen. PMID- 3909039 TI - [Surgical treatment of several types of open multi-comminuted fractures with bone defects (experimental-clinical study)]. PMID- 3909040 TI - [Donor selection for grafting of bone and cartilage allotransplants for patients with the sequelae of hematogenous metaphyseal osteomyelitis]. PMID- 3909041 TI - [In memory of N.I. Pirogov]. PMID- 3909042 TI - [A memorial of national gratitude (the country estate museum of N. I. Pirogov in Vinnitsa]. PMID- 3909043 TI - [A physician sentenced to death during the 1848-49 uprising: Jozsef Goldmark]. PMID- 3909044 TI - [Alchemy--pharmacy--medicine]. PMID- 3909045 TI - [Historical data on the artificial anus in Hungary]. PMID- 3909046 TI - [Prognostic estimation of fetal lung maturity by ultrasonography of the placenta]. PMID- 3909047 TI - [Ultrasonic study of the adrenal gland]. PMID- 3909048 TI - [Jozsa Ldanyi, M.D., 1898-1985. In memory of a professor of surgery]. PMID- 3909049 TI - [The university system and medical education in Hungary are 350 years old]. PMID- 3909050 TI - [The role of Samuel Tessedik in public health]. PMID- 3909051 TI - [Remembering Adam Politzer (1835-1920)]. PMID- 3909052 TI - [In memory of Emil Arato (1885-1978)]. PMID- 3909053 TI - [Kosztolanyi, his physicians and his illness]. PMID- 3909054 TI - [Nikolai Ivanovich Pirogov, military surgeon (1819-1881)]. PMID- 3909055 TI - Immunoglobulins and the immune system. AB - Lymphocytes play a major role in the sophisticated immune system of the human being. A group of lymphocytes that has undergone biologic processes to become plasma cells produces immunoglobulins, the molecules with the properties of antibodies. This article reviews the function of lymphocytes in the immune response and summarizes the current knowledge on the immunoglobins. PMID- 3909056 TI - Allergy skin tests. An overview. AB - Skin tests remain the best diagnostic tool to supplement the history and physical examination in current allergy practice. They are a highly specific measure of IgE fixed to tissue. They are at least as sensitive as other available methods. Several antigens can be tested at one time. In experienced hands, they are safe and highly reproducible and they offer the advantage of immediate results. They are two to five times less expensive than the RAST test and much less cumbersome and expensive than provocation tests. PMID- 3909057 TI - PRIST, RAST, and beyond. Diagnosis and therapy. AB - The measurement of total and specific IgE antibody by in vitro methods offers a significant advance in the diagnosis and management of allergic patients. These tests allow the physician to combine a precise diagnosis with an evaluation of patient sensitivity to provide care in a cost-effective manner. PMID- 3909058 TI - Immunoperoxidase-based diagnosis and selection of initial therapy dose. AB - The development of the IP micro-Elisa assay for in vitro diagnosis of allergy is described. The data correlating the IP assay with the results of skin testing and the RAST assay are presented. The guidelines for selection of initial immunotherapy dose based on the IP assay results are outlined. PMID- 3909059 TI - In vitro monitoring of immunotherapy with serial measurement of serum levels of allergen-specific IgG antibodies. AB - The essence of the scientific method is in reproducibility. The use of biochemical information as the basis of clinical management decisions is as desirable in the clinical practice of allergy as it has been in other disciplines of medicine. The objective in successful immunotherapy for an IgE-mediated disorder is to elicit the maximal specific IgG response against a given antigen system. To date, the most reproducible and practical method of doing this is by measurement of serum levels of allergen-specific IgG antibodies. In this article, an attempt has been made to provide guidelines for the use of IP-specific G assay for in vitro monitoring of the effects of immunotherapy. PMID- 3909060 TI - The immunoperoxidase-specific IgE assay in the otolaryngologic center. AB - The debate between the skin testing allergist and the in vitro testing allergist goes on. Clearly, the in vitro methods of allergy testing are here to stay. In vitro testing is less limiting and offers a number of advantages to both the allergist and the patient. PMID- 3909061 TI - Immunotherapy failure. AB - A great deal of the immunotherapy failures are preventable if certain criteria are met and guidelines followed. It is mandatory that immunotherapy only be used for those conditions known to be atopic IgE-mediated diseases. With an IgE mechanism established as a foundation for immunotherapy, adherence to certain guidelines (Table 9) will ensure an optimal response to specific therapy. Experience in recent years with in vitro allergy (Table 10) testing in conjunction with or as a replacement for skin testing has resulted in greater efforts as discontinuing immunotherapy previously placed on this treatment, for whom the original diagnosis of allergy cannot be confirmed based on stringent criteria for identifying an IgE-dependent genesis. Too many patients are treated by immunotherapy on the basis of minimal reactions to skin testing or of coincidentally positive skin tests unrelated to the etiology of the patient's complaints. PMID- 3909062 TI - Recent advances in immunology with specific reference to otolaryngology. AB - This article reviews studies which involve interactions between the disciplines of otolaryngology and immunology. Topics include autoimmune sensorineural hearing loss, otitis media with effusion, allergy, lymphokines, cellular immunology, and cancer. PMID- 3909064 TI - Neural signals for oxytocin and LH release. PMID- 3909063 TI - Variation in the yield and composition of human milk. PMID- 3909065 TI - Circadian time keeping processes in mammalian reproduction. PMID- 3909066 TI - [Sonographic demonstration of an unusual bladder wall enlargement in a child with non-Hodgkin lymphoma]. AB - An enlargement of the wall of the urinary bladder up to 1.5 cm is described within the course of a Non Hodgkin Lymphoma of a 15 years old girl. The development of a spastic neurogenic bladder is most probable due to tumour infiltration into the spinal cord. An additional factor for the enlargement of the bladder wall is a massive fungus cystitis. A cystotatica induced (Vindesin) neurogenic bladder as another cause for the development of this bladder change cannot excluded completely, but this is very unprobable. The cystography is the method of choice in the morphological evaluation of the bladder mucosa, whereas the sonography can visualize the bladder wall directly. This method has a high value in the diagnosis and follow up of pathologic changes of the urinary bladder in children. PMID- 3909067 TI - Changing demographic profile of the spinal cord injury population: implications for health care support systems. AB - Currently, the majority of Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) treatment resources are being expended to address and resolve problems occurring during the acute and immediate post-acute phases following injury. Major national funding sources for SCI research have followed this pattern with few, if any, proposals submitted for the support of research into the effects of aging on the SCI individual requiring long term institutional care. Yet, data recently available from the National Spinal Cord Injury Research Center and the Veterans Administration show that there is an increase in the numbers of older SCI persons requiring medical care. In anticipation of increasing utilisation of health care resources by older SCI persons, the Veterans Administration has begun to make appropriate plans. But a broadened information base is needed to support these plans. Statistical data concerning the characteristics of the total SCI population, empirical information of older SCI persons' extended care needs, and information regarding proper treatment for older SCI persons is necessary. PMID- 3909068 TI - Synchronized erythrocytic schizogony and gametocytogenesis of Plasmodium berghei in vivo and in vitro. AB - Both asexual and sexual development of Plasmodium berghei was synchronized without chemical intervention using in vitro culture techniques. Combined in vivo and in vitro experiments were performed on the relationship between age, morphology and maturity of gametocytes. Schizogony took 22-23 h in the experiments. At 26 h post-invasion (p.i.) the first males became capable of exflagellation. By 20 h p.i. the first gametocytes were recognizable in Giemsa stained smears but the sex was hardly distinguishable until maturity (26 h p.i.). Survival time of gametocytes was estimated at 26 h in vitro (half-life 13 h) and the same survival time was suggested for gametocytes in vivo. Schizonts of P. berghei apparently disappeared from the peripheral circulation upon maturity, rupturing almost immediately. Mature schizonts in vitro persisted up to 48 h p.i. in non-agitated cultures. No evidence was collected for sequestration of any sub population of gametocytes. PMID- 3909069 TI - [New methods of localizing genes on chromosomes]. PMID- 3909070 TI - [Evaluation of radioimmunoassay for antithyroglobulin autoantibodies]. AB - A statistical analysis is performed on the results of 881 determinations of thyroglobulin antibodies in humans. Antibodies were assayed comparatively by radioimmunoassay using a sandwich method and by tanned red cell haemagglutination. A very good concordance was found between the two techniques, apart from the low titer zone. A significant correlation was observed between on the one side, the radioactivity index of the diluted serum, defined as the increment of radioactivity bound by undiluted patient serum over the positive threshold, divided by this threshold, and, on the other side, the antibody titer, i.e. the reciprocal of the highest serum dilution superior to the positive threshold by radioimmunoassay. The corresponding linear regression allows to define a arbitrary unit system which associates values of the radioactivity index with an average antibody titer. PMID- 3909071 TI - [Rapid analysis of transferrin-iron complexes by isoelectric focusing and radioactive densitometry on gel]. AB - The analysis of the molecular forms of transferrin-iron complexes with 59Fe, was carried out using an isoelectric focusing method on commercially available polyacrylamide plates (PAG plates pH = 4-6,5, LKB). Depending upon the saturation degree of proteins with iron, apotransferrin (pI = 6,1), transferrin-Fe3+ (pI = 5,8), transferrin-2 Fe3+ (a) (pI = 5,5) and transferrin-2 Fe3+ (b) (pI = 5,3) were put forward. When the protein was saturated with iron, a double band was observed which was assigned to the microheterogeneity of the protein and depends upon the sialic content. The quantitative analysis was carried out by studying 59Fe radioactivity distribution directly on the plate. As a control, a specific staining of proteins was achieved. The interpretation of the results is difficult if such a method is used, as some bands are not attributed. Through an unspecific staining, the UV-visible densitometry is not satisfactory enough. The proposed method allows a fast analysis of transferrin-metal complexes labeled with radioactive metals. Such a method would be adaptable to the study of other complexes as transferrin-67Ga, transferrin 111In in order to determine the binding site of metal on the protein and its metal content. PMID- 3909072 TI - [IgE antibodies in human Fasciola hepatica distomiasis]. AB - In patients infected by Fasciola hepatica, total IgE and specific IgE antibodies have been determined by radioimmunoassays, and IgG, IgA, IgM levels by radial immunodiffusion test (Mancini, 1965). Moreover, total and specific IgE levels have been related to parasite egg burden, age, clinical features and eosinophilia. Elevated total IgE and specific IgE antibodies levels have been found respectively in 76% and 48% of the patients whereas there was no significant variations in other immunoglobulins levels. However, though the amount of total and specific IgE was lower than in other helminthic diseases, it appears to be a significant data of the immune response to parasites as it has been reported and discussed previously. It has been shown a significant relationship between total and specific IgE levels, the number of lines by immunoelectrophoresis, and the results of the indirect haemagglutination and indirect fluorescent antibody techniques; each method appeared to be in equal value to perform the early diagnosis of human Fasciola hepatica. In addition, specific IgE antibodies levels were correlated with eosinophilia specially when it exceeds 15%. This results demonstrate the availability of their measurement in the diagnosis of fascioliasis versus other diseases with marked eosinophilia. PMID- 3909074 TI - [Pneumococcal vaccination of the pregnant woman in Africa and passive immunity of the child. Immunologic control by the ELISA method]. AB - Thirty-seven african women (mean: 23 years old) were immunized with a pneumococcal vaccine and tetanus vaccine, in a comparative study with seventeen (mean: 24 years old) women only tetanus immunized. Immune response to pneumococcal polysaccharide was studied by ELISA. All women had antibodies before vaccination. Their kinetics in mothers and infants, did not show a significant difference between the two groups. In infants, the rate of IgG antibodies significatively decreases from the date of birth to the fourth month of life. There is no foetal immunisation as shows the total lack IgM antibodies in umbilical cord blood. These results suggest that pneumococcal vaccination pregnant women in order to protect infants till 6-9 months, is not valuable. PMID- 3909073 TI - [In vitro study of fibroblasts from patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Evaluation of capping and ultrastructural aspect]. AB - There have been conflicting studies of lymphocyte capping from patients with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. We have evaluated the proportion of capped fibroblasts of 10 patients with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. The results, compared with 15 normal controls, showed that the reduction of fibroblast capping is correlated to age patients. Additional studies, decreased number of retracted fibroblasts after colchicine incubation and ultrastructural observations, suggest that capping deficit would be the consequence of microtubular system alteration. This late phenomenon may be secondary to the primary membrane defect. PMID- 3909075 TI - [Value of total thyroxine determination by fluorescence polarization in examination for dysthyroidism]. AB - Total T4 has been measured by fluorescence polarization (Abbott TDX). The intra assay variation coefficient is three fold smaller than that obtained by radioimmunoassay (T4 RIA). The interassay variation coefficient of T4 TDX (7%) is better than that of T4 RIA (9%). There is a strong correlation between the two methods (r = 0,95). The mean value of T4 TDX is significantly lower than that of T4 RIA in 218 euthyroid patients without treatment as well as in 92 euthyroid patients under T4 treatment and in 14 hypothyroid patients. In 30 hyperthyroid patients the mean values were identical. The automatization and the short time of manipulation (0,5 hour) allow to obtain the result during the consultation. PMID- 3909076 TI - [Morphometric study of hepatocytes in steatosis]. AB - By morphometric analysis of fatty liver, we propose to value volume density of fat vacuoles and liver hypertrophy. By this method we appreciate liver cell modification in malnutrition. PMID- 3909077 TI - [Metabolism of antipyrine in man]. AB - Antipyrine is widely used as a model compound to assess the hepatic metabolism in man. This drug is extensively metabolized by the hepatic microsomal drug oxidizing system, into three main metabolites and six minor compounds of the phase I. The metabolite fate of this drug is not fully understood. A new metabolite pathway including a ring opening seems possible. PMID- 3909078 TI - [Structure and functions of receptors for C3, the 3rd component of complement, present at the surface of human cells]. PMID- 3909079 TI - [Demonstration of human spermatozoa chromosomes in a heterospecific system: technical difficulties]. AB - The incidence of chromosomal abnormalities at conception has been estimated to be very high about 40%; these estimations have been made on indirect evidence provided by karyotyping spontaneous abortions products. Now direct evidence is available, consisting in sperm chromosome analysis by using fertilization of zona free eggs of the golden hamster. In our experience 175 assays have been performed with modifications of the technique described by Martin et al. (1982) and by Brandriff et al. (1984). Consistent results are obtained since the last 30 assays, using for the first time an R banding technique. Chromosomal analysis of 48 spermatozoa from 7 normal males is reported. The frequency of abnormal sperm complements (21%) is higher than reported by previous reports. PMID- 3909080 TI - [Lipids and lipoproteins in atherosclerotic arteriopathy of the legs. Unusual study of very low density lipoproteins]. AB - Lipids, apolipoproteins A1 and B and lipoproteins were studied in 49 patients with peripheral arterial disease and in 26 control patients. The observed hypertriglyceridemia was related to the elevation of the VLDL lipid mass; no alteration in their structure could be shown. The origin of this VLDL excess was discussed especially the role of tobacco and genetic. PMID- 3909081 TI - [Comparative sensitivity of 207 strains of strict anaerobic bacteria to piperacillin and 4 other antibiotics]. AB - The MIC of two hundred and seven anaerobic bacterial strains was determined by an agar dilution method for five antibiotics (piperacillin, ampicillin, carbenicillin, cefalotin, metronidazole). 100% of the strains were susceptible to carbenicillin (MIC less than or equal to 128 mg/l), 97% to piperacillin (MIC less than or equal to 16), 86% to metronidazole (MIC less than or equal to 4), 70% to ampicillin (MIC less than or equal to 4) and 68% to cefalotin (MIC less than or equal to 8). Amongst beta-lactam compounds, piperacillin and ampicillin determined the lowest MIC for Bacteroides fragilis, Fusobacterium, Clostridium and Gram-positive cocci. Amongst Bacteroides fragilis strains, the lowest MIC were obtained with metronidazole. PMID- 3909082 TI - [Sensitivity of strict anaerobic bacteria to metronidazole, cefoxitin, and clindamycin]. AB - The minimal inhibitory concentrations of three antimicrobial agents were determined by two fold dilution in Wilkins Chalgren agar for over 569 anaerobes isolated and collected from 20 French hospitals. Metronidazole, cefoxitin and clindamycin inhibited respectively 95, 97 and 91% of tested strains. No metronidazole resistant strains could be found among Bacteroides fragilis group, Fusobacterium and Clostridium other than C. perfringens. Cefoxitin was the most active against C. perfringens, Gram positive cocci and non sporulated bacilli. Clindamycin resistance was observed mainly with B. fragilis and Clostridium other than C perfringens. This phenomenon occurred in most hospitals where strains were isolated. PMID- 3909084 TI - [Correlation between the assay of glycosylated hemoglobin A1c and fructosamine in diabetic patients submitted to a systematic control visit. Establishment of reference values]. AB - The plasmatic glycosyl proteins levels were measured in fifty non diabetic volunteers and thirty five patients with diabetes mellitus by the fructosamine test. The upper limit for healthy volunteers was estimated to 25 mumoles/g protein. A higher fructosamine concentration and greater spread of values were observed in the diabetic group. A very good correlation was noted in the diabetic group between A1C hemoglobin and fructosamine concentrations. This test is very reproducible, inexpensive and should be a good alternative to the A1C hemoglobin determination in some physiologic or pathologic disorders. PMID- 3909083 TI - [Intrathecal synthesis of specific antibodies in Candida albicans meningoencephalitis]. AB - Titration of IgG, albumin, and specific antibodies, both in serum and CSF, during the course of a Candidal meningoencephalitis allowed to demonstrate intrathecal synthesis of specific IgG antibodies against C. albicans. PMID- 3909085 TI - [True and false agreement relations between 2 qualitative tests]. AB - The respective effectiveness of two qualitative tests is usually compared by their results when applied to a same specimen or subject. The results reported in a fourfold table show coincident numbers of double positive and double negative results. That straight concordance is fallacious, including the chance coincidences. Test Kappa measures the true agreement, without the chance coincidences. Kappa value may be compared to a maximum value of agreement depending on the marginal results of the fourfold table. As a matter of fact, the test Kappa is a non parametric correlation function comparable to the non parametric correlation coefficient Phi computed from the value of the chi square test. PMID- 3909086 TI - [Recent diagnostic and pathogenetic aspects of neuromuscular diseases]. PMID- 3909087 TI - [The concept of the adenoma-carcinoma sequence in the colon and rectum: histochemical and immunohistochemical study]. PMID- 3909088 TI - Dr. Wolf W. Zuelzer--a unique phenotype. Presentation of the Howland Award 1985. PMID- 3909089 TI - Reflections of a former pediatrician. Acceptance of the Howland Award 1985. PMID- 3909090 TI - [Urinary levels of antibacterial preparations during anti-relapse low-dose treatment of children with pyelonephritis]. PMID- 3909091 TI - [Immunobiological role of human colostrum and milk]. PMID- 3909092 TI - [Menetrier disease in children]. PMID- 3909093 TI - [Treatment of purulent meningitis in the child using Cefotaxime]. AB - Cefotaxime has a good meningeal diffusion and is effective at low concentrations on many bacteria, especially ampicillin resistant Enterobacteriaceae and Hemophilus influenzae. We have therefore used cefotaxime (150 mg/kg/24 h, continuous infusions lasting 30 minutes q. 6 h.) in meningitis due to gram negative bacilli. Twenty eight infants and children have been treated within 4 years. The 13 Hemophilus influenzae meningitis (including 2 beta-lactamase producers) have been cured without immediate sequelae. The duration of treatment could be reduced from 3 weeks to 2 weeks. The 7 infants with Enterobacteria meningitis (6 E. coli and 1 Serratia) have been cured of their infection with a 21 to 28 days treatment. The C.S.F. was sterile 2-3 days after treatment except a case of E. coli persisting during 7 days in C.S.F. contrasting with a normal ventricular fluid. A case of relapse with E. coli remaining sensitive was cured with a new course of the same treatment. Five meningitis complicated with hydrocephalus needed external drainage: the fluid was sterile 1 day after treatment in 4 of them. Two superinfections of ventriculo-peritoneal shunt due to Enterobacteriaceae have been cured. To obtain a good result, the need for a careful drug monitoring must be emphasized. PMID- 3909094 TI - [Ehlers-Danlos syndromes. Their place among the collagen diseases]. PMID- 3909096 TI - Cisplatin: a review of clinical applications and renal toxicity. AB - In reviewing the literature about the clinical application of cis diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (cisplatin) it can be concluded that the availability of cisplatin has been an important advance in cancer chemotherapy; especially in patients with disseminated testicular carcinoma and ovarian cancer cisplatin-based combinations are the first choice treatment. Our own investigations of the nature of the main form of toxicity of cisplatin, the nephrotoxicity, are mentioned and methods of its prevention are summarized. PMID- 3909095 TI - [Massive hemoperitoneum caused by rupture of the spleen, a complication of congenital afibrinogenemia. Conservative treatment]. AB - An hemorrhagic shock caused by spontaneous spleen rupture in a 14 year old child with a congenital afibrinogenemia is reported. A conservative treatment was carried out with perfusions of whole blood and fibrinogen and with regular echographic examinations and a splenectomy was avoided. PMID- 3909098 TI - [Ultrasonography of the gouty kidney]. PMID- 3909097 TI - Myosin light chain phosphorylation and the cross-bridge cycle at low substrate concentration in chemically skinned guinea pig Taenia coli. AB - Force-velocity relations, rate of ATP turnover (JATP), and phosphorylation of the 20,000 D myosin light chains (LC20) were measured in chemically skinned guinea pig Taenia coli. Relative LC20 phosphorylation at 3.2 mM MgATP was 17% in relaxed tissues at pCa 9, and increased with force at increasing [Ca2+] to a maximum of 67% at pCa 4.5. Force at pCa 4.5 was dependent on the MgATP concentration with a half-maximal response at about 0.1 mM. At 0.1 mM MgATP LC20 phosphorylation at pCa 4.5 was 38%. Both JATP and the maximal shortening velocity (Vmax) were reduced in 0.1 mM MgATP, to 32% and 43%, respectively, of their values at 3.2 mM MgATP. Low-MgATP thus inhibits both LC20 phosphorylation and the extent and rate of cross-bridge interaction. High levels of LC20 phosphorylation, independent of Ca2+ and MgATP concentrations, were obtained by treatment with ATP-gamma-S. Maximal force at 3.2 mM MgATP after LC20 thiophosphorylation was unchanged, whereas halfmaximal force occurred at 0.065 mM MgATP after thiophosphorylation, compared to 0.13 mM after activation by Ca2+. The contraction in thiophosphorylated preparations at low-MgATP (0.1 mM) was associated with submaximal Vmax (60%) and JATP (27%). The results show that LC20 phosphorylation is correlated with the degree of force development in the Ca2+ activated contraction, both when Ca2+ and MgATP concentrations are varied. The reduced force and rate of crossbridge turnover in low MgATP are however primarily mediated by an influence of MgATP on the cross-bridge cycle, which is separate from the effect on LC20 phosphorylation. PMID- 3909099 TI - [Intra-arterial digital subtraction angiography of the head and neck: a clinical evaluation]. PMID- 3909100 TI - State-approved schools of nursing L.P.N./L.V.N. 1985. PMID- 3909101 TI - Practical nursing career 1985-86. PMID- 3909102 TI - [A malaria vaccine--illusion or reality?]. PMID- 3909103 TI - The nucleotide sequence of the DNA ligase gene (CDC9) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae: a gene which is cell-cycle regulated and induced in response to DNA damage. AB - The CDC9 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes a DNA ligase, and we have determined the nucleotide sequence of a 3.85 kb fragment of DNA which encompasses the convergently transcribed CDC9 and CDC36 genes. S1 nuclease mapping has revealed a major 5' end for the CDC9 mRNA, and one major and one minor site for 3' polyadenylation. These two sites lie within the C-terminal coding region of the CDC36 gene, implying that these two genes are transcribed from overlapping sequences. An interesting structural feature of the CDC9 gene is a series of 6 hexanucleotide repeats (ATGATT) which occur within the 650 bp immediately upstream from the site of transcription initiation. These repeat elements may be implicated in the cell division cycle regulated expression of CDC9. Comparison of the predicted amino acid sequence of the yeast DNA ligase (Mr 84,806) with the sequences of the T4 and T7 bacteriophage DNA ligases reveals little similarity except for a stretch of approximately 45 amino acids, comprising 3 short homologous segments. This region may represent an ATP-binding domain common to polynucleotide ligases. PMID- 3909104 TI - The relationship of regulatory proteins and DNase I hypersensitive sites in the yeast GAL1-10 genes. AB - We have used yeast strains containing a disrupted positive (GAL4) and/or a disrupted negative (GAL80) regulatory gene to investigate the relationship of these regulatory proteins to the hypersensitive sites upstream of their target genes, GAL1-10. We find that neither of these regulatory proteins is required for the formation of the hypersensitive region. There is positive regulatory protein (dependent) binding to a portion of the hypersensitive region when GAL1 and 10 are expressed. However, similar binding can also occur under conditions in which the genes are not expressed. Thus, such binding is necessary but not sufficient for expression of GAL1 and 10 and control of GAL1-10 expression must also include processes which occur subsequent to GAL4/DNA binding. The negative regulatory protein GAL80 plays a significant role in these processes. PMID- 3909105 TI - A transcription map of a yeast centromere plasmid: unexpected transcripts and altered gene expression. AB - YCp19 is a yeast centromere plasmid capable of autonomous replication in both yeast and E. coli (J. Mol. Biol., 158: 157-179, 1982). It is stably maintained as a single copy in the yeast cell and is therefore a model yeast "minichromosome" and cloning vector. We have located the positions and measured the abundance of the in vivo yeast transcripts from YCp19. Transcripts from the selectable marker genes TRP1 and URA3 were present at increased levels relative to chromosomal copies of the genes. Unanticipated transcripts from the yeast CEN4 and E. coli pBR322 sequences were also found. Although much of the plasmid vector is actively transcribed in vivo, the regions around the most useful cloning sites (BamHI, EcoRI, SalI) are free of transcripts. We have analyzed transcription of BamHI inserts containing promoter variants of the HIS3 gene and determined that although initiation events are accurate, plasmid context may alter levels of gene expression. PMID- 3909106 TI - Point mutations in the 3' minor domain of 16S rRNA of E.coli. AB - Point mutations were produced near the 3' end of E. coli 16S rRNA by bisulfite mutagenesis in a 121 base loop-out (1385 to 1505) in a heteroduplex of wild type (pKK3535) and deletion mutant plasmids. Two highly conserved, single stranded regions flank an irregular helix (1409-1491) in the area studied. Only a single mutation was isolated in the flanking regions, a transition at C1402, (normally methylated on the base and ribose in rRNA). Mutations occurred throughout the irregular helix. All mutant rRNAs were processed and assembled into 30S subunits capable of interacting with 50S subunits. Growth rates ranged from faster to significantly slower than cells with the wild type transcript. In particular, mutations at C1467 or C1469 cause slow growth. These two transitions (in a bulge region within the helix) reduced the bulge by additional base pairing. PMID- 3909107 TI - Site-directed mutagenesis of the Escherichia coli chromosome near oriC: identification and characterization of asnC, a regulatory element in E. coli asparagine metabolism. AB - We developed a new method for the specific mutagenization of the E. coli chromosome. This method takes advantage of the fact that a pBR322 plasmid containing chromosomal sequences is mobilizable during an Hfr-mediated conjugational transfer, due to an homologous recombination between the E. coli Hfr chromosome and the pBR322 derivative. Transconjugants are screened with a simple selection procedure for integration of mutant sequences in the chromosome and loss of pBR322 sequences. Using this method we specifically inactivated several genes near the E. coli replication origin oriC. We found that a gene coding for asparagine synthetase A. This regulatory mechanism was investigated in detail by determining in vivo regulation of asnA promoter activity by the 17kD protein under different growth conditions. Results obtained also suggest a general regulatory role of the 17kD protein in E. coli asparagine metabolism. Therefore the 17kD gene is proposed to be renamed asnC. PMID- 3909108 TI - Complete nucleotide sequence of the E. coli N-acetylneuraminate lyase. AB - The nucleotide sequence of the cloned DNA, 1,243 bp in length coding for N acetylneuraminate lyase (N-acetylneuraminate pyruvate lyase; NPL) of Escherichia coli has been determined. Nucleotide sequence and amino acid analysis have assigned the open reading frame for NPL, starting with the ATG near its 5'terminus. The molecular weight calculated from the predicted amino acid sequence was 32,640 daltons, being in good agreement with that of a NPL subunit estimated by the SDS-PAGE method and amino acid composition. Several signal sequences conserved in the promoter regions of E. coli were found in the npl gene. They were the Shine-Dalgarno sequence, the Pribnow box and the sequence coserved in the "-35 region" and they were separated to each other with preferable spacing for an efficient transcription. Downstream from the termination codon, the inverted repeat sequence was present, followed by 4 successive T's. PMID- 3909109 TI - Characterization of two highly diverged but developmentally co-regulated cysteine proteinase genes in Dictyostelium discoideum. AB - The cysteine proteinase 1 and 2 mRNA sequences of Dictyostelium discoideum encode proteins with a high degree of homology to plant and animal sulphydryl proteinases. The two mRNA sequences are co-ordinate in their regulation, both being first expressed late during cellular aggregation, prematurely induced in response to exogenous cAMP and several-fold enriched in prestalk over prespore cells. The two proteins are considerably diverged, with only 43% overall homology but all residues known to be important in catalysis are conserved and both contain a hydrophobic leader peptide which forms part of an N-terminal domain of just over 100 amino acids not found in the mature form of known cysteine proteinases. We have determined the sequence organization of both genes and find differences both in the number and position of introns. The close co-regulation of these two genes suggests that they may play a common role in Dictyostelium development, presumably in the autodigestion of cellular protein which occurs during differentiation. However, the low degree of sequence homology and major differences in gene organization indicate that they have undergone a considerable period of separate evolution and that they may differ in their precise function. PMID- 3909110 TI - Direct-acting mutagenicity of N4-aminocytidine derivatives bearing alkyl groups at the hydrazino nitrogens. AB - To investigate the mechanism of N4-aminocytidine-induced mutagenesis, N'-alkyl-N4 aminocytidines and N4-alkyl-N4-aminocytidines were prepared and their mutagenicity on bacteria were assayed. N'-Methyl-N4-aminocytidine, N'-(2 hydroxyethyl)-N4-aminocytidine and N',N'-dimethyl-N4-aminocytidine showed direct acting mutagenicity on S. typhimurium TA100 and E. coli WP2 uvrA, tester strains that are sensitive to base-pair substitutions. In contrast, N4-methyl-N4 aminocytidine, N4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N4-aminocytidine and N4,N'-dimethyl-N4 aminocytidine were not mutagenic on these bacteria. Since N'-methyl-N4 aminocytidine does not form hydrazones, the possibility that N4-aminocytidine causes mutation due to its reactivity with carbonyl compounds has been excluded. Furthermore, the fact that only those alkyl N4-aminocytidines having a hydrogen on the nitrogen at position 4 are mutagenic is consistent with the previously proposed mechanism in which the tautomerization between the amino and the imino forms of N4-aminocytosine allowing an ambiguous base pairing is the cause of the mutagenesis. PMID- 3909111 TI - 99mTc-DTPA clearance in bullous emphysema. AB - The degree of permeability of the alveolar-capillary barrier to low molecular weight solutes has been supposed to depend upon the radius of the epithelial pores. The bullous emphysema is a natural model in which this radius may increase because of the high tension in the bulla. Accordingly, the 99mTc-DTPA clearance may be expected to be faster than normal in lung fields including bullae. Results of the present study in which 99mTc-DTPA clearance was measured in six patients with bullous emphysema, seem to confirm this hypothesis at least to some extent. In fact, either increased or normal 99mTc-DTPA clearances were found over the lung fields including bullae communicating with the bronchial tree. Differences in both the size and the inner tension of the bullae as well as in the anatomical and functional conditions of the surrounding parenchyma are likely to account for such varying behaviour. PMID- 3909112 TI - [Liver perfusion scintigraphy: method, normal values and results of observations on the course of patients with esophageal varices]. AB - In 26 patients, the hepatic perfusion index (HPI) was determined comparing the slopes of the arterial and portovenous part of hepatic perfusion curves. 10 patients without hepatobiliary disease served as normals. HPI was determined twice with a time interval of 6 months. In normals, HPI was significantly (p less than 0,001) higher (mean value: 56%) than in patients with liver cirrhosis (18%). Despite good "intra- and interobserver"-correlation (r = 0.96 and 0.92, respectively) large intraindividual variations make the detection of minor HPI changes impossible. However, the method permits a clear differentiation between normal and moderately to highly reduced portovenous liver blood flow. PMID- 3909113 TI - What the papers said. PMID- 3909114 TI - Shock waves. PMID- 3909115 TI - A portrait of the Times. PMID- 3909116 TI - Looking to the future. PMID- 3909117 TI - Pharmacogeriatrics. AB - The elderly comprise one of the fastest growing populations in the United States. By the year 2020, an estimated 45 million will be classified as elderly. Aging is a highly variable process as declines occur in physiologic functions. Alterations in cardiovascular, renal and hepatic function have the greatest effect on drug therapy. All pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic variables may be altered by age. Adverse drug reactions, drug interactions and poor compliance are frequent and may further complicate drug therapy. A review of those processes that commonly influence pharmacologic response and patient compliance to drug therapy is appropriate. PMID- 3909118 TI - Salbutamol vs. placebo for treatment of pertussis. AB - The efficacy of salbutamol was assessed in a double blind placebo controlled crossover study in nine hospitalized children with whooping cough in the convulsive stage verified by culture or serology. The children were 1.5 to 27 months old (median, 4 months). The dosage of salbutamol was the one normally used and supplementary treatment was standardized. Salbutamol was found to give no significant effects on the course or severity of whooping cough in the children treated. PMID- 3909119 TI - Rapid diagnosis of streptococcal pharyngitis in two pediatric offices using a latex agglutination kit. AB - The diagnostic accuracy and practicality of a latex agglutination test for the rapid diagnosis of streptococcal pharyngitis directly from throat swabs were evaluated in two private pediatric practices. Compared with anaerobic throat culture the latex agglutination method had a sensitivity of 93.4%, a specificity of 90.2% and an overall accuracy of 91.8%. Even used as a while-you-wait test, the rapid method fit easily into the routine of busy office practice. Latex agglutination testing for the rapid diagnosis of streptococcal pharyngitis may prove to be a valuable adjunct to the office microbiology laboratory. PMID- 3909121 TI - Analysis of office bacteriology as performed by pediatricians in private practice. PMID- 3909120 TI - Identification of children requiring radiologic evaluation for urinary infection. AB - Sixty-nine children younger than 13 years of age with urinary tract infection were evaluated to identify risk factors for treatable urologic problems; i.e. those requiring surgery or prolonged antibiotic prophylaxis. All children had a renal ultrasound, intravenous pyelogram and voiding cystogram performed 4 to 6 weeks after the infection. Eleven children with treatable problems were identified, 10 with vesicoureteral reflux and 1 with a ureterocele. For identification of treatable problems the predictive value of a positive test was: (1) fever, 10 of 24 (41.7%); (2) abnormal D-deaminoarginine vasopressin renal concentrating ability, 8 of 24 (33.3%); (3) serum C-reactive protein greater than or equal to 1.0, 8 of 25 (32.0%); (4) Elevated urine N-acetylglucosaminidase, 5 of 16 (31.2%); (5) erythrocyte sedimentation rate greater than or equal to 25, 6 of 21 (28.6%); and (6) age less than 5 years, 10 of 43 (23.3%). Absence of fever denotes a low risk (less than 3%) of finding a treatable problem. Afebrile girls older than 5 years of age can have radiologic evaluation deferred until infection recurs. The presence of fever indicates a high risk of treatable urologic problems (41.7%) and warrants complete radiologic evaluation with the first urinary infection. PMID- 3909122 TI - The diagnosis and management of sinusitis in children. Diagnostic considerations. PMID- 3909123 TI - Prodynorphin peptide immunocytochemistry in rhesus monkey brain. AB - The present study describes the immunocytochemical distribution of peptides derived from the prodynorphin precursor in the brain of the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). Animals were treated with colchicine (intracerebroventricularly) prior to perfusion to enhance the observation of perikaryal immunoreactivity. Using antisera generated against dynorphin A(1-17), dynorphin B(1-13), and prodynorphin(186-208) (or bridge peptide), the anatomical distribution of dynorphin systems was mapped. The results indicate a widespread neuronal localization of immunoreactivity from the cerebral cortex to the caudal medulla. Anti-dynorphin B and anti-bridge peptide sera proved useful for the demonstration of neuronal perikarya, while the dynorphin A antiserum was best for localizing terminal projection fields. Immunoreactive perikarya are located in numerous brain loci, including the cingulate cortex, caudate nucleus, amygdala, hypothalamus (especially the magnocellular nuclei), thalamus, substantia grisea centralis, parabrachial nucleus, nucleus tractus solitarius, and other nuclei. In addition, fiber and terminal immunoreactivity are seen in varying densities in the striatum and pallidum, substantia innominata, hypothalamus, substantia nigra pars reticulata, parabrachial nucleus, spinal trigeminal nucleus, and other areas. The distribution of prodynorphin peptides in the brain of the monkey is similar to that described for the rat brain; however, significant differences also exist. Other interspecies differences in the anatomy of prodynorphin and proenkephalin neuronal systems in the monkey and human brain are further discussed. PMID- 3909124 TI - [Clinical trial of the treatment of dermatomyositis with TFX Polfa]. PMID- 3909125 TI - [Kaposi's sarcoma and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)]. PMID- 3909126 TI - Habenulo-interpeduncular lesions: the effects on pain sensitivity, morphine analgesia and open-field behavior in rats. AB - The lesions of medial habenular nuclei increased the pain sensitivity, enhanced the analgesic activity of morphine and slightly activated the behavior. The lesion of fasciculus retroflexus, a pathway connecting habenular nuclei with interpeduncular nucleus enhanced the pain sensitivity less markedly, did not change the efficacy of morphine analgesia, but significantly increased the activity of animals. The lesion of interpeduncular nucleus influenced the pain sensitivity to a smallest degree, did not change the analgesic activity of morphine, but dramatically increased the activity of animals. The activation did not resemble the aimless excitation of amphetamine-treated or raphe-lesioned rats, and no signs of increased emotionality or irritability were noted. The results are interpreted as an evidence of habenulo-interpenduncular complex being a part of a system, involved in the regulation of behavioral activity and the sensitivity to the aversive stimuli. These functions are in all probability mediated partly through substance P and met-enkephalin containing neurons, present in these structures. PMID- 3909127 TI - Prostatic calculi: a review. AB - Prostatic calculi are rare in children, infrequent below age 40, and common in males over 50. They may be solitary but usually occur in clusters and are associated with some other disease process (nodular hyperplasia, prostatic carcinoma, metabolic abnormalities). They are most often asymptomatic; however, symptoms that may be attributable to prostatic calculi include reduction of the urinary stream, prostatism, and intense lower back and leg pain. Treatment may be accomplished by transurethral resection, but prostatectomy is the best means to insure complete removal. Prostatic calculi may form by two related mechanisms with obstruction and stasis of prostatic fluid as central entities in both. These mechanisms are calcification of corpora amylacea and simple precipitation of prostatic secretion. They may arise spontaneously, initiating an inflammatory reaction that contributes to their growth, or they may arise as the consequence of another pathologic situation producing acinar obstruction. It appears that infection probably occurs secondary to stone formation. PMID- 3909128 TI - Lasers in pediatric neurosurgery. AB - The carbon dioxide (CO2) laser is a microsurgical instrument to be used in conjunction with good neurosurgical technique. Laser surgery has special applications in pediatric neurosurgery because of the type and location of many pediatric tumors as well as the laser qualities of precision and decreased tissue trauma. The CO2 laser has proven to be a valuable surgical tool in this series of pediatric spinal cord and brain tumor patients. The areas of most effective laser treatment were the posterior fossa, ventricles, spinal cord and the suprasellar area. The laser was least helpful in tumors of the hemispheres and the hypothalamus. Criteria need to be developed for absolute and relative indications for CO2 laser use. PMID- 3909129 TI - Computed tomogram-guided stereotactic brain biopsy in the pediatric patient. AB - Experience with computed tomogram-guided stereotactic biopsy is described with special reference to technical considerations important to the application of the Brown-Roberts-Wells system in pediatric patients. Eleven procedures were performed in 9 patients aged 9 months to 16 years of age. In all cases, the lesion was either deep seated or related to deficit prone areas making open biopsy hazardous. Since the stereotactic frame may interfere with intubation, it is important to apply it only after the patient has been anesthetized and intubated. In very small children, special attention is required to avoid over tightening of the fastening pins and to avoid excessive pressure when making the calvarial opening. In an effort to reduce the risk of hemorrhage, vasculature at the entry site was visualized and avoided by making a standard burr hole opening. Improved imaging of the vasculature at the deep biopsy site was obtained in most cases by intra-arterial contrast enhancement. No complications of the procedure were encountered and a diagnosis was obtained in all cases, although in 2 cases the procedure was repeated before adequate tissue was obtained. In 3 cases the procedure was therapeutic as well as diagnostic in that a tumor cyst or abscess could be drained. PMID- 3909130 TI - [Effect of 5-methylcytosine in DNA and 5-azacytosine on the expression of various genes in vertebrates]. PMID- 3909131 TI - [Dictionary and nomenclature of enzymes]. PMID- 3909132 TI - Parenteral meptazinol: a US clinical trial. AB - The effectiveness and safety of i.m. meptazinol (50, 100, 200mg), a unique mu 1 selective opioid analgesic, was compared with i.m. morphine (4, 8 and 16 mg) in 128 cancer patients with moderate to severe postoperative pain; 102 patients completed the crossover study. The study design was a modification of the sequential, twin-crossover assay. Meptazinol was found to be one-fifteenth to one twentieth as potent as morphine on a mg basis, and to provide a more rapid time to peak effect (about 40 min vs 1 h) than morphine. Morphine improved selected aspects of mood while meptazinol did not. Sleepiness was the most common side effect on morphine (n = 43), and nausea was most common on meptazinol (n = 35). The incidence of side effects appeared to be dose-related for both drugs. PMID- 3909133 TI - Oral meptazinol--United Kingdom experience. AB - An oral formulation of meptazinol has been developed and marketed in the United Kingdom. The 200 mg tablet has a potency similar to dextropropoxyphene 32.5 mg/paracetamol 325 mg or pentazocine 50 mg. Nausea is the major side effect and constipation and dysphoria are virtually absent. Though a variable first pass metabolism restricts its potential for use in severe pain, oral meptazinol provides effective analgesia in mild or moderate pain. PMID- 3909134 TI - [To the German Central Committee for the Control of Tuberculosis on its 90-year anniversary]. PMID- 3909135 TI - [90 years of the German Central Committee for the Control of Tuberculosis]. PMID- 3909136 TI - [Thoughts on the development of bacteriology and experimental chemotherapy of mycobacterioses]. PMID- 3909137 TI - [Active tuberculosis treatment in former times--nostalgic reminiscences of an exciting therapy era]. PMID- 3909138 TI - [Campaign against tuberculosis in Europe. An historical essay on the 90th anniversary of the founding of the German Central Committee for the Control of Tuberculosis]. PMID- 3909139 TI - [Tuberculosis of the thyroid gland]. PMID- 3909140 TI - Assessment of the condition of removable dentures worn by 58 year old men. Relationship between clinical and subjective findings. PMID- 3909141 TI - Reconstitution of regulatory properties of adenylate cyclase in Escherichia coli extracts. AB - The inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity of Escherichia coli by methyl alpha glucoside has been demonstrated in intact or in permeable cells but not in cell free extracts. In intact or permeable cells, this inhibition is demonstrable only in strains expressing the genes for proteins of the phosphoenolpyruvate:glycose phosphotransferase system (PTS); in permeable cells, the inhibition also requires potassium phosphate. Using homogeneous proteins of the PTS, we have reconstituted in cell-free extracts many of the features of the regulated form of adenylate cyclase: (i) In the absence of K2HPO4, permeable cells have lower adenylate cyclase activity than extracts; addition of homogeneous PTS proteins to the extracts brings adenylate cyclase activity close to the level observed in permeable cells. (ii) The low activity observed in permeable cells is stimulated by potassium phosphate; this stimulation is also observed in extracts supplemented with PTS proteins and phosphoenolpyruvate. (iii) In permeable cells, potassium phosphate-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity is inhibited by methyl alpha-glucoside or pyruvate; extracts behaved similarly when supplemented with PTS proteins, K2HPO4, and phosphoenolpyruvate. Thus, the regulated form of adenylate cyclase has been reconstituted in cell-free extracts by addition of homogeneous PTS proteins. PMID- 3909142 TI - Evidence for functional interaction between domains II and V of 23S ribosomal RNA from an erythromycin-resistant mutant. AB - A mutation affording low levels of erythromycin resistance has been obtained by in vitro hydroxylamine mutagenesis of a cloned ribosomal RNA operon from Escherichia coli. The site of the mutational event responsible for antibiotic resistance was localized to the gene region encoding domain II of 23S rRNA by replacement of restriction fragments in the wild-type plasmid by corresponding fragments from the mutant plasmid. DNA sequencing showed that positions 1219-1230 of the 23S rRNA gene are deleted in the mutant. Since all previously characterized rRNA mutations conferring resistance to erythromycin show changes exclusively in domain V, our present findings provide direct evidence for functional interaction between domains II and V of 23S rRNA. PMID- 3909143 TI - Compensatory mutations in receptor function: a reevaluation of the role of methylation in bacterial chemotaxis. AB - During bacterial chemotaxis membrane receptor proteins are methylated and demethylated at glutamate residues. The generally accepted view is that these reactions play an essential role in the chemosensing mechanism. Strains may be isolated, however, that exhibit chemotaxis in the complete absence of methylation. These are readily obtained by selecting for chemotactic variants of a mutant that completely lacks the methylating enzyme. Methyltransferase activity is not restored; instead, the sensory-motor apparatus is genetically restructured to compensate for the methylation defect. Genetic and biochemical analyses show that the compensatory mutational locus is the structural gene for the demethylating enzyme. Thus, although mutants lacking either the methylating or demethylating enzymes are nonchemotactic, strains defective in both activities exhibit almost-wild-type chemotactic ability. PMID- 3909144 TI - Correlation between fusion and the developmental regulation of membrane glycoproteins in L6 myoblasts. AB - Expression of membrane glycoproteins in L6 myoblasts during the course of myogenesis was investigated. The effects of several inhibitors of myoblast fusion and differentiation were also studied. The predominant change in plasma membrane proteins concomitant with fusion was the reduction in the expression of a major 105-kDa glycoprotein and the appearance of a 90-kDa glycoprotein. This change was blocked by bromodeoxyuridine and two metalloendoprotease inhibitors, phenanthroline and benzyloxycarbonyl-Ser-Leu-NH2, all of which have been shown to inhibit myoblast fusion. The nature of this inhibition suggests a role for an endogenous metalloendoprotease in myoblast commitment to terminal differentiation. The possible function of the developmentally regulated glycoproteins in myogenesis is also discussed. PMID- 3909145 TI - Naturally occurring poly(dA-dT) sequences are upstream promoter elements for constitutive transcription in yeast. AB - pet56, his3, and ded1 are adjacent but unrelated genes located on chromosome XV of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. his3 and pet56 are transcribed in opposite directions from initiation sites separated by approximately equal to 200 base pairs. Under normal growth conditions, both genes are transcribed at a similar basal level. Deletion analysis of the his3 gene indicates that the upstream promoter element for constitutive expression is defined by a 17-base-pair region that contains 15 thymidine residues in the coding strand. Sequential deletions of the pet56 gene indicate that this same region is required for wild-type transcription levels. Thus, this poly(dA-dT) sequence acts bidirectionally to activate transcription of two unrelated genes. Transcription of the ded1 gene is initiated approximately equal to 300 base pairs downstream from the his3 gene, and it occurs at a 5-fold higher level. This gene contains a 34-base-pair region containing 28 thymidine residues in the coding strand located upstream from the ded1 TATA box. Deletion of this dA-dT stretch significantly reduces transcription below the wild-type level. Thus, for at least three different yeast genes, naturally occurring stretches of poly(dA-dT) serve as upstream promoter elements for constitutive expression. In addition, it appears that longer stretches of poly(dA-dT) are more effective upstream promoter elements. These transcriptional effects may be due to exclusion of nucleosomes from poly(dA-dT) regions. PMID- 3909146 TI - Can villin be used to identify malignant and undifferentiated normal digestive epithelial cells? AB - We have investigated the presence of villin (a Ca2+-regulated actin binding protein) in various tissues (normal or malignant) and in established cell lines by using sensitive immunochemical techniques on cell extracts and immunofluorescence analysis on frozen sections. Our results show that villin is a marker that can be used to distinguish normal differentiated epithelial cells from the simple epithelia lining the gastrointestinal tract and renal tubules. Villin is found in the absorptive cells of the small and large intestines, in the duct cells of pancreas and biliary system, and in the cells of kidney proximal tubules. Furthermore, undifferentiated normal and tumoral cells of intestinal origin in vivo and in cell culture express villin. Therefore, expression of villin is seen in cells that do not necessarily display the morphological features characteristic of their terminally differentiated state, such as the microvilli-lined brush border. We suggest the possible clinical implications of using villin as a marker in the diagnosis of metastatic adenocarcinomas. PMID- 3909147 TI - The relationship between the "TATA" sequence and transcription initiation sites at the HIS4 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - Transcription of the HIS4 gene begins at a single site (I) at position -60 from the ATG that begins translation. We have made linker insertions/deletions in the 5' noncoding region to identify the elements required for the specificity of transcription initiation. Although there are four sequences that begin TATA and are near the start of transcription (-170, -132, -123, and -102) only the sequence at -123 (TATA-123) is required for transcription initiation. By inserting synthetic oligonucleotides into a mutant from which TATA-123 had been deleted, we found that just TATA or TATAA does not work but that TATAAA functions almost as well as the wild-type sequence. This hexamer does not work in the opposite orientation (TTTATA). When a synthetic TATA sequence is placed upstream from the normal site, the site of initiation also moves upstream in a roughly cometric way even when TATA-123 is present. Analysis of transcripts in strains where the distance between the TATA sequence and the wild-type site of transcription initiation (I site) has been altered shows that in yeast, unlike higher cells, transcription does not initiate at a strictly defined distance from the TATA sequence. Constructions that alter the distance between the TATA and the I site or remove the I site change the pattern of transcription initiation without affecting the level of HIS4 expression. Deletions that eliminate the I site produce heterogeneous transcripts and deletions that substantially shorten the distance between TATA-123 and the I site initiate at multiple sites downstream from the I site. Thus, both the TATA and the sequences downstream from it determine the pattern of transcription initiation. PMID- 3909148 TI - Biological effects of background radiation: mutagenicity of 40K. AB - The naturally occurring radioactive isotope 40K is the single largest contributor to the internal background radiation dose in living organisms. We examined cell growth and mutation rate or frequency in several strains of Escherichia coli in (i) media containing the natural content of 40K, (ii) media containing potassium from which essentially all of the 40K had been removed by isotope separation, and (iii) media highly enriched in 40K. Growth rates (doubling times) were identical in the present or absence of 40K. In more than 40 chemostat experiments, we were unable to detect any significant differences in mutation rate to bacteriophage T5 resistance or in mutation frequency to valine resistance or tryptophan prototrophy attributable to 40K. We conclude that, in the bacterial systems we have studied, 40K does not make a significant contribution to spontaneous mutation. PMID- 3909149 TI - Hepatic lipocytes: the principal collagen-producing cells of normal rat liver. AB - Hepatic lipocytes were isolated from normal rat liver and established in culture. A virtually pure isolate was obtained by fractionating enzymatically digested liver on a discontinuous gradient of arabinogalactan. Isolated cells displayed prominent rough endoplasmic reticulum and typical cytoplasmic droplets containing vitamin A. Lipocytes in primary culture were shown by immunofluorescence to secrete collagen types I, III, and IV and also laminin. Immunoassay of culture media showed that lipocytes during the first week in culture secrete type I (72.1 86.2% of total measured soluble collagen), type III (2.6-7.2%), and type IV (11.2 29.7%) collagens. Five percent of total secreted protein was collagen compared with 0.2% in similarly cultured hepatocytes and 1.7% in sinusoidal endothelial cells, as measured by the production of peptide-bound [3H]hydroxyproline in cells incubated with [3H]proline. The calculated amount of collagen synthesized by lipocytes per microgram of cellular DNA was 10-fold greater than that produced by hepatocytes and over 20-fold greater than that produced by endothelial cells. The findings indicate that collagen synthesis and secretion are specialized functions of hepatic lipocytes, and that, in cells from normal liver, this represents production primarily of type I collagen. The phenotypic resemblance of these cells to fibroblasts supports the hypothesis that lipocytes are a major source of collagen in pathologic fibrosis and may be precursors of the fibroblast-like cells observed in liver injury. PMID- 3909150 TI - Human apolipoprotein E expression in Escherichia coli: structural and functional identity of the bacterially produced protein with plasma apolipoprotein E. AB - Human apolipoprotein E (apoE) was produced in Escherichia coli by transforming cells with an expression vector containing a reconstructed apoE cDNA, a lambda PL promoter regulated by the thermolabile cI repressor, and a ribosomal binding site derived from the lambda cII or the E. coli beta-lactamase gene. Transformed cells induced at 42 degrees C for short periods of time (less than 20 min) produced apoE, which accumulated in the cells at levels of approximately equal to 1% of the total soluble cellular protein. Longer induction periods resulted in cell lysis and the proteolytic destruction of apoE. The bacterially produced apoE was purified by heparin-Sepharose affinity chromatography, Sephacryl S-300 gel filtration, and preparative Immobiline isoelectric focusing. The final yield was approximately equal to 20% of the initial apoE present in the cells. Except for an additional methionine at the amino terminus, the bacterially produced apoE was indistinguishable from authentic human plasma apoE as determined by NaDodSO4 and isoelectric focusing gel electrophoresis, amino acid composition of the total protein as well as its cyanogen bromide fragments, and partial amino acid sequence analysis (residues 1-17 and 109-164). Both the bacterially produced and authentic plasma apoE bound similarly to apolipoprotein B,E(low density lipoprotein) receptors of human fibroblasts and to hepatic apoE receptors. Intravenous injection resulted in similar rates of clearance for both the bacterially produced and authentic apoE from rabbit and rat plasma (approximately equal to 50% removed in 20 min). The ability to synthesize a bacterially produced human apolipoprotein with biological properties indistinguishable from those of the native protein will allow the production of large quantities of apoE for use in further investigations of the biological and physiological properties of this apolipoprotein. PMID- 3909151 TI - Cyclical secretion of prorenin during the menstrual cycle: synchronization with luteinizing hormone and progesterone. AB - Plasma prorenin, a high molecular weight precursor form of renin, (renin, EC 3.4.23.15; old number, EC 3.4.99.19), was measured three times weekly in normal young women during the menstrual cycle and was related to changes in luteinizing hormone, estradiol, and progesterone. In all subjects a stable baseline level of prorenin occurred during the follicular phase. Then, simultaneously or soon after the luteinizing hormone peak, plasma prorenin consistently increased about 2 fold. Baseline prorenin ranged from 18 to 40 ng per ml per hr, and peak prorenin ranged from 35 to 65 ng per ml per hr. The maximum increase in prorenin averaged 80%. Prorenin remained elevated during the mid-luteal phase of the menstrual cycle and returned to baseline during the late-luteal phase in coordination with the decrease in progesterone. The changes in prorenin were not synchronized with changes in active renin which was significantly increased only during the mid luteal phase. These findings suggest that prorenin may be involved in reproductive physiology. PMID- 3909152 TI - Growth hormone and insulin-like growth factors I and II produce distinct alterations in glucose metabolism in 3T3-F442A adipocytes. AB - In 3T3-F442A adipocytes, human growth hormone (hGH) stimulates glucose oxidation in 4 hr. A maximal increase is evident at hGH concentrations of 50-100 ng/ml and rarely exceeds 50% above control. The stimulation is transient; after 48 hr of incubation with GH, glucose oxidation is significantly suppressed to 35% below control values. In view of the concept that insulin-like growth factors (IGF) may mediate the effects of GH, we compared the effects of hGH (500 ng/ml) and several preparations of IGF on glucose metabolism in 3T3 adipocytes. After 4 hr of incubation, IGF-I from human plasma stimulated glucose oxidation in a dose related manner, producing a 10-fold increase at 50 ng/ml. Methionyl-IGF-I produced by recombinant DNA techniques was 85-88% as effective as IGF-I. IGF-II stimulated glucose oxidation 3-fold at 50 ng/ml after 4 hr of incubation. In contrast to the suppression observed with hGH after 48 hr, all three of the IGF preparations stimulated glucose oxidation after 48 hr of incubation and were as effective as they were after 4 hr. When each of the IGF preparations was tested (at 5 ng/ml) in combination with hGH, both the stimulatory and suppressive effects of GH were superimposed on the stimulation by the IGFs. Thus, the stimulatory properties of IGF differed from those of GH in that the maximum extent to which IGF increased glucose oxidation, compared with hGH, was as much as 20-fold greater. Furthermore, all of the IGF preparations stimulated glucose oxidation after 48 hr under conditions in which hGH suppressed glucose metabolism. Thus, it is unlikely that extracellular IGFs mediate the effects of hGH on glucose metabolism in 3T3-F442A adipocytes. PMID- 3909153 TI - Neutral endopeptidase 24.11 in human neutrophils: cleavage of chemotactic peptide. AB - Membrane metallo-endopeptidase (NEP; neutral endopeptidase, kidney-brush-border neutral proteinase, enkephalinase, EC 3.4.24.11) cleaves peptides at the amino side of hydrophobic amino acids. While the enzyme is known to be in organs such as kidney and brain, we found it in human neutrophils. These cells cleaved the NEP substrate glutaryl (Glut)-Ala-Ala-Phe-(4-methoxynaphthylamine) (Glut-Ala-Ala Phe-MNA) at a rate of 9.5 nmol X hr-1 per 10(6) cells, and phosphoramidon (1 microM) inhibited the hydrolysis by 90%. Intact neutrophils from donors who smoked had NEP activities about twice that of nonsmokers. Subcellular fractionation and sucrose density gradient centrifugation of lysed neutrophils showed that most of the NEP activity was membrane bound. A washed membrane fraction from human neutrophils rapidly cleaved 0.5 mM Glut-Ala-Ala-Phe-MNA (96 nmol X min-1 X mg-1) and the hydrolysis was inhibited by phosphoramidon and by specific antiserum to human renal NEP. The washed membrane fraction also rapidly cleaved 0.1 mM bradykinin (34 nmol X min-1 mg-1) and 0.1 mM fMet-Leu-Phe (49 nmol X min-1 X mg-1). The membrane-bound enzyme cleaved the peptide substrates at the same site as the homogeneous human renal NEP, and phosphoramidon and thiorphan inhibited the hydrolysis. Kinetic studies with pure human renal NEP showed that the chemotactic peptide fMet-Leu-Phe was one of the best biologically active substrates (Km, 59 X 10(-6) M; kcat, 3654 min-1). Immunocytochemistry at the light microscopic level revealed a high concentration of NEP on the cell membrane of neutrophils. This was confirmed with electron microscopy using the immunogold technique on ultrathin cryosections. These studies indicate that NEP in neutrophils may have important functions in inflammation and chemotaxis. PMID- 3909156 TI - Society for Experimental Biology & Medicine. 1986 membership directory. PMID- 3909154 TI - Nonheritable resistance to chloramphenicol and other antibiotics induced by salicylates and other chemotactic repellents in Escherichia coli K-12. AB - Phenotypic resistance to chloramphenicol and ampicillin was induced in sensitive Escherichia coli K-12 strains during incubation with the following substances: acetate, acetylsalicylate (aspirin), benzoate, dimethyl sulfoxide, 1-methyl-2 pyrrolidinone, and salicylate. In addition, acetyl-salicylate and salicylate induced resistance to nalidixic acid and tetracycline. The induction of resistance was highly efficient but varied somewhat with the strain and inducer used. In the presence of inducers, from 10% to 100% of the cells formed colonies on antibiotic media, an increase of 10- to 1000-fold over the controls without inducer. After growth in the absence of these inducers, the cells were normally sensitive to the antibiotics. Thus, the resistance was not due to a heritable change. These inducers also increased the level of chloramphenicol resistance of a strain carrying cat (whose gene product inactivates chloramphenicol by acetylation). All of the inducers are chemotactic repellents for E. coli, and they are detected by the tsr gene product (with the possible exceptions of dimethyl sulfoxide and methylpyrrolidinone, whose modes of detection are not known). Nickel sulfate and cobalt sulfate, repellents that are detected by the tar gene product, neither promoted resistance to chloramphenicol nor prevented the induction of resistance by acetylsalicylate. Since several of the inducers are present in common drugs or foods, it may be of medical importance to evaluate their effects on antibiotic therapies. PMID- 3909155 TI - The neostriatal mosaic: compartmental distribution of calcium-binding protein and parvalbumin in the basal ganglia of the rat and monkey. AB - Calcium-binding protein (CaBP) and parvalbumin are two proteins that are expressed in brain and bind calcium in the micromolar range. The immunohistochemical distribution of these two proteins was examined in the basal ganglia of rats and rhesus monkeys. In the striatum, CaBP immunoreactivity is localized to a subset of striatonigral projection neurons; CaBP-positive neurons are distributed in areas containing somatostatin-immunoreactive fibers and not in the complementary areas containing dense mu opiate-receptor binding. These biochemical labels mark, respectively, the matrix and patch compartments of the striatum. Previous studies have shown that striatal matrix neurons project to the substantia nigra pars reticulata, whereas striatal patch neurons project to the substantia nigra pars compacta. Consistent with the restricted localization of CaBP in the matrix projection neurons is the confinement of CaBP-immunoreactive afferent fibers to the pars reticulata. CaBP is also localized to a portion of dopaminergic and a few nondopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and in most dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area. Parvalbumin immunoreactivity is localized to a subset of substantia nigra pars reticulata neurons and their axons. In the lateral striatum, some medium-sized aspiny interneurons are also parvalbumin immunoreactive. The distinct distributions of CaBP and parvalbumin in the basal ganglia are discussed in terms of their possible roles as intracellular calcium buffer systems related to the physiologic response properties of the neurons in which they are contained. PMID- 3909157 TI - Suppression of antibody response by excess dietary zinc exposure during certain stages of ontogeny. AB - A study was made of the effects of excess dietary zinc on the antibody response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) in mice. C57BL/6J mice were divided into 10 different dietary groups and exposed to diets containing zinc in normal (50 ppm) or excess (2000 ppm) concentrations during gestation/lactation/postweaning development in the sequences (1) 50/50/50; (2) 50/50/2000; (3) 2000/50/50; (4) 2000/2000/50; (5) 2000/50/2000; (6) 50/2000/50; (7) 50/2000/2000; (8) 2000/2000/2000; (9) 50/50/50 (pair-fed); and (10) chow/chow/chow. Mice in group 8 had severe signs of copper deficiency at 8 weeks of age, such as reduced plasma copper, lowered plasma hematocrit, and achromotrichia. Mice receiving 2000 ppm zinc during gestation had fewer offspring per litter (measured at 2 weeks of age) and more nonviable births than mice given 50 ppm zinc during gestation. The growth curve of mice exposed to excess zinc in the 50/50/2000 group was identical to that of the control (50/50/50) group. Growth curves for all other groups were reduced by varying amounts. The plaque-forming cell response to SRBC was reduced only in the groups receiving 50/2000/2000 and 2000/2000/2000 ppm zinc (P less than 0.05); this reduced response was not associated with atrophy of the lymphoid organs. Splenic cell surface markers and mitogenic responsiveness were similar in the 50/50/50 and 2000/2000/2000 groups. These results suggest that the immune response is more susceptible to dietary manipulation during development than after the immune response has been developed. PMID- 3909158 TI - Effects of estrogen on food intake, body weight, and temperature of male and female obese mice. AB - Estradiol benzoate (EB) treatment of male and female C57BL/6J ob/ob mice for 32 days led to decreased body weight (20%), percentage body fat (8%) and carcass protein content (12%) when compared with non-EB-treated obese control mice. Estradiol reduced the caloric intakes of both genders by 25-35%, but did not affect body temperature regulation. Circulating glucose and insulin concentrations were also lowered by estrogens, although hyperinsulinemia persisted. Since post-treatment body weight changes correlated with daily food intakes (r = 0.81) rather than to rectal temperatures (r = -0.19), it appears that hypophagia provided a greater contribution to the estrogen-mediated reductions of growth and carcass fat than did altered energy expenditure for thermoregulation. While these data show that EB treatment does reduce the severity of some metabolic disturbances in a genetic model of type II diabetes, long-term estrogens do not appear to offer substantial advantages in the treatment of obesity or diabetes when compared with the effects of caloric restriction alone. PMID- 3909159 TI - History of medicine and the concept of endocoids. AB - The endocoid concept is examined in relation to the two predominant Western philosophies of medicine: The Hygeian, with its emphasis on inherent healing powers and their support, and the Asclepian, with its emphasis on diseases, their specific causes and treatment, especially by chemical agents. The rapid disclosure, in recent years, of the large and well-stocked endogenous apothecary gives strong support to the Hygeian school. At the same time, however, in documenting the powerful influence of chemical agents on the health and clinical course of the individual, it provides a strong and unprecedented link between the two contending schools of practice. PMID- 3909160 TI - Are Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2 immunoreactive peptides endacoids modulating opiate antinociception? AB - Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2 (FMRF-NH2) was initially isolated from the macrocallista nimbosa clam and subsequently existence of FMRF-NH2-like immunoreactivity (FMRF NH2-IR) was detected in mammalian CNS. Due to the structural similarity between FMRF-NH2 and the C-terminal extended form of met5-enkephalin, met5-enkephalin arg6-phe7 (YGGFMRF), a possible interaction between these two peptides was explored. FMRF-NH2 injected intrathecally decreases the antinociceptive action of YGGFMRF or morphine. However, the FMRF-NH2-IR present in rat and bovine brains differs from FMRF-NH2. Intrathecally injected FMRF-NH2-IR partially purified from bovine brain reduces YGGFMRF antinociception. The antagonism elicited by FMRF-NH2 can be reversed by proglumide, which was reported to act as a CCK antagonist. In order to characterize the biological profile of FMRF-NH2-IR, the effect of proglumide and of the FMRF-NH2 antibody on morphine analgesia was tested. Both the IgG isolated from FMRF-NH2 antiserum and proglumide were found to potentiate the morphine analgesia. The results taken together suggest that endogenous FMRF NH2-IR modulates opioid antinociception; perhaps by acting as an endogenous naloxone. PMID- 3909161 TI - Computer assisted microscope interferometry by image analysis of living cells. PMID- 3909162 TI - Ultrasoft x-ray historadiography and new developments in ultrasoft x-ray imaging. A. Historical perspective. PMID- 3909163 TI - Segmentation of wet elongated mitochondria into spheres. AB - Wet replication studies of potato mitochondria suggest that these mitochondria are basically elongated organelles of length 3-6 micron and width 0.5-0.9 micron. However due to unnatural extracellular and environmental conditions these mitochondria are subject to spontaneous segmentation or fission to yield organelles of smaller forms, and finally to round mitochondria, the diameter of which equals the width of the segmenting mitochondria. Only these reduced, round mitochondria are found as spherical mitochondria by the critical-point drying technique. Whereas this segmentation behavior of mitochondria points out the need for further improvement of the wet replication technique, it poses a serious issue: perhaps the real, undisputed shape and size of mitochondria remain to be determined. PMID- 3909164 TI - Genetics of diabetes. PMID- 3909165 TI - Growth analysis in clinical genetics. AB - The number of genetic and environmental determinants of human growth is very large and their interplay is responsible for the enormously complex phenomenon of prenatal and postnatal growth and simultaneous differentiation in function. Genetic factors participate substantially in determining size at birth, but become more and increasingly important in the realization of inherent potential after the age of two years. Thus, prenatal growth is determined by a greater number of environmental factors than postnatal growth, including parity, pregnancy spacing, maternal age, size, blood pressure, race, health, smoking, alcohol intake, twinning, intrauterine constraint, etc. Galilei's scale effect sets the upper limit of human size, and our surface area determines our metabolic rate and to some extent our life span. Age and rate of pubertal maturation varies with sex, race, and health of the individual, and may be dramatically influenced by numerous environmental and genetic disturbances. One of the most consistent and dramatic effects of autosomal aneuploidy on development is permanent reduction of growth rate, beginning very early in embryonic development. This effect on growth can be interpreted as an abnormality of developmental homeostasis or canalization. Reduced buffering or canalization of growth has been demonstrated in the DS and constitutes most elegant confirmation of the Waddington-Shapiro hypothesis; it ought to be demonstrable also in most if not all of the gonosomal aneuploidies. Thus, an ultrasonographic analysis of embryonic and fetal growth ought to be normal practice in all, not just high- risk pregnancies, and serve as valuable indicator of fetal developmental abnormality if IUGR is found. Because of difference in prognosis and possible difference in obstetric management, ultrasonographers ought to make a distinction in practice between (proportionate) IUGR and (disproportionate) CSOS. Depending on age of onset and severity, reduced prenatal movement can lead to the fetal akinesia sequence including growth retardation of all or part of the fetus. Neurohypotrophy shows that normal innervation is required for normal growth and function of limbs. PMID- 3909166 TI - IGFs/somatomedins: significance for growth. PMID- 3909167 TI - Peri-operative infection prophylaxis with ornidazole and gentamicin in elective colonic surgery. AB - In a study of 60 patients undergoing elective colonic surgery peri-operative infection prophylaxis by the "one-shot' method was compared with that of 48-hour duration. The antibacterial agents used were ornidazole and gentamicin. Considering the patient population as a whole, no significant differences were found in the results. All the infectious complications which occurred post operatively were due to bacterial contamination by aerobic pathogens. No anaerobic pathogens were detected in any of the cases. PMID- 3909168 TI - Introduction to symposium on endorphins and behavioural processes; review of literature on endorphins and exercise. AB - The first symposium on endorphins and behavioural processes in Britain was held by the British Psychological Society in March 1985. Against a background of the explosive history of the discovery of endogenous opioids, problems of terminology, and basic mechanisms and concepts, five papers reflect the main fields in which outstanding progress has been made: analgesia, feeding, reward mechanisms, social behaviour and aggression, and addiction. A review of the literature on endorphins and exercise stresses both the value and limitations of trying to unravel a fashionable subject. Endorphin research is multi-disciplinary and highly complex, with tricky technical and conceptual problems and inevitable lack of consensus. Investigators should be more aware of the crucial role that outcomes of behaviour experiments play in the attribution of function to opioid systems. PMID- 3909169 TI - Motivational effects of opioids: evidence on the role of endorphins in mediating reward or aversion. AB - It has been suggested that endogenous peptides with opiate-like effects may contribute to the mediation of reward or aversion. One line of evidence relating to these hypotheses derives from studies of the motivational effects of opioids. The ability of opioid agonists and antagonists to serve as positively reinforcing or aversive stimuli is reviewed, with results compared across several different behavioural procedures. The results for rewarding effects are consistent and independent of procedure: in self-administration, conditioned place preference and conditioned taste preference studies, opioid agonists are consistently effective whereas antagonists are inactive. Results for indices of aversive effects are more difficult to interpret because they are, to some extent, dependent on the procedure used. Neither agonists nor antagonists seem able to support operant escape/avoidance conditioning. Agonists can support taste aversion and place aversion conditioning to some extent, whereas antagonists are clearly active in both procedures. The results provide some support for the involvement of enkephalins or endorphins in reward and aversion, but there are significant gaps and contradictions in the evidence. PMID- 3909170 TI - Carbohydrate metabolism and food intake in food-restricted rats. Relationship between the metabolic events during the meal and the degree of food intake. AB - To study some metabolic features during feeding in food-restricted rats two groups of animals were maintained on a 2 hr feeding/22 hr fast schedule. Group D (n = 38) received a meal every day from 8:00 to 10:00 a.m. Group N (n = 34) was given the meal from 8:00 to 10:00 p.m. The average total amount of food ingested by rats of group N in the two hour period was 6.3 +/- 0.4 whereas Group D ingested 4.8 +/- 0.3 g/100 g b.w. The metabolic pattern also was different in one group as to the other. The basal liver glycogen content when feeding started was considerably lower in the nocturnal group (0.14 +/- 0.02 mg/100 mg of liver tissue) than in the diurnal group (0.44 +/- 0.10 mg/100 mg). Afterwards glycogen increased in both groups but more steeply and intensely in group N. Glycemia increased in group D and was almost invariant in group N. Insulinemia went up in both groups but in group D its peak was higher and occurred 60 minutes after the onset of feeding whereas the peak in group N was much lower and occurred at 90 minutes. There was a clear dissociation between the time courses of insulinemia and glycemia in both groups, especially in group N, which suggests a central control of insulin secretion during feeding that partially unlocks it from blood glucose concentration. The hepatic glycogen content was partially linked to the amount of food ingested but again there was a dissociation between these two variables, inasmuch as a higher glycogen replenishment in the nocturnal group corresponded to a larger food intake. PMID- 3909171 TI - Effects of V.M.H. lesions on plasma insulin in the goose. AB - The effects of bilateral electrolytic lesions of the ventromedial hypothalamus (V.M.H.) were examined in male geese. In addition to the known effects (hyperphagia, obesity and liver steatosis), V.M.H. lesions slightly increased plasma insulin level in the fasting and the fed state and largely enhanced insulin levels observed during an oral glucose and amino acid load. Therefore, V.M.H. lesions potentiate insulin release which may in turn participate in the development of hyperphagia and fattening in the goose as in mammals. PMID- 3909172 TI - Plants as sources of antimalarial drugs. Part 1. In vitro test method for the evaluation of crude extracts from plants. PMID- 3909173 TI - Acute and recurrent urinary tract infections in children. AB - Urinary tract infection is a common problem in children. Significant renal damage can result from the first episode of urinary tract infection. Early diagnosis, treatment, and evaluation can significantly reduce the potential for renal injury. All children with a potential urinary tract infection should have a reliable urine specimen sent for culture, and if infection is documented, a radiographic evaluation of their urinary system is required. PMID- 3909174 TI - Successful treatment of nocturnal enuresis: a practical approach. AB - In this article, the emphasis is on formulating a correct diagnosis when the symptom of nocturnal enuresis is present, so that an effective treatment plan can be initiated. Diagnosis may relate to structural, urodynamic, psychologic, dietary, nephrologic, or neurologic problems. The authors present the format for successful treatment of nocturnal enuresis used at the Center to Assist the Regulation of Enuresis at the Children's Memorial Hospital in Chicago. PMID- 3909175 TI - Female urinary tract infection. AB - Changing concepts regarding the epidemiology, pathogenesis, evaluation, and treatment of urinary tract infection have reduced patient expenditures. An appreciation of the natural history and associated significance of these infections at all ages in both male and female patients is essential for proper evaluation and treatment. Careful classification of the infection with attention to historical aspects allows the clinician to plan a treatment regimen tailored to each patient. When and how these patients are evaluated depend on the statistical likelihood of associated pathology. PMID- 3909176 TI - Impotence: evaluation and treatment. AB - Impotence is a multifaceted problem. Complex neurologic pathways intermingle to control specific vascular changes in a tightly controlled hormonal milieu. Although great progress has been made in understanding the mechanism of erection, further studies are needed. Careful history and physical examination along with appropriate laboratory tests and noninvasive penile vascular studies are important in differentiating organic from psychogenic impotence. Understanding the etiology of impotence permits a more logical and effective treatment plan. The advent of the semirigid and inflatable penile prostheses has provided a simple and effective treatment for patients with organic impotence for whom there were no treatment options available in the past. The continued improvement in the design of the prostheses and the simplicity with which they can be implanted have revolutionized the treatment of impotence. With newer prosthetic devices being developed, the penile prosthesis will continue to improve the quality of life for impotent patients. PMID- 3909177 TI - Urinary stones. AB - Urinary stone disease is a common affliction in our society and may affect 1 to 5 per cent of the population. The physician involved in caring for the stone forming patient must have a thorough understanding of the metabolic as well as anatomic abnormalities that may lead to repeat stone formation. The authors review the common metabolic abnormalities frequently seen in the stone-forming patient and present the current medical management of these problems. Ongoing changes in the surgical approach to urinary stones are also discussed. PMID- 3909178 TI - Current management of prostatic carcinoma. AB - Carcinoma of the prostate is the second most common cancer in men. Its exact cause is unknown, but genetic, hormonal, environmental, and infectious factors have all been implicated. There are numerous treatment options available for patients with each stage of prostatic cancer, and it is not desirable to make categoric treatment recommendations. Treatment plans should be tailored to the individual needs of the patient. Although no therapy is uniformly effective, the judicious selection of the available treatment options can minimize the mortality and morbidity associated with prostatic cancer. PMID- 3909179 TI - [Prof. Licjan Korzeniowski--physician, teacher and scientist]. PMID- 3909180 TI - [Current opinions on the indications for electroconvulsive therapy]. PMID- 3909181 TI - [The hyperventilation syndrome]. PMID- 3909182 TI - [Outline of the development of narcotic dependence control in Poland after 1945]. PMID- 3909183 TI - Effects of early nutrition on neurological and mental competence in human beings. PMID- 3909184 TI - Bulimia in the late nineteenth century: the observations of Pierre Janet. AB - In 1903 Pierre Janet published perhaps the first detailed descriptions of patients with bulimia. Janet's observations, although anecdotal, are consistent with modern studies suggesting an association between bulimia and major affective disorder and between bulimia and anxiety disorders. Janet's writings also support the belief that bulimia is more prevalent today than a century ago. PMID- 3909185 TI - The psychopathology of affectivity: conceptual and historical aspects. AB - The disorders of affect have not contributed much to the diagnostic definition of mental disease, and their phenomenological description has never achieved the richness of the psychopathology of perception or cognition. This paper shows how the subordinate role played by affectivity in the Western concept of man led to the early and enduring view of mental illness as an exclusive disturbance of intellect. Attempts by nineteenth-century alienists to challenge this notion were only partially successful, due to the conceptual unmanageability of most forms of affective behaviour and the terminological redundancy that this engendered. These efforts were frustrated by the rebirth of Associationism, the rise of brain localization experiments, the peripheralist definition of the emotions and, finally, by the unfolding of Darwinism. As a result, no autonomous psychopathology of affectivity was ever developed. The eventual recognition of the so-called 'primary' disorders of mood has not led, however, to a refinement in the semiology of the experiences themselves. This has been impeded by the use of descriptive behavioural surrogates or by metapsychological accounts of affect as a form of energy or as a driving force. None of these developments has contributed to the clinical description of the mood disorders. PMID- 3909186 TI - Attributional retraining: a review. PMID- 3909187 TI - Adolescent contraceptive behavior: a review. PMID- 3909188 TI - Initial relaxation response: personality and treatment factors. PMID- 3909189 TI - Behavioral science in medical education: a 1985 updated bibliography. PMID- 3909190 TI - The 'mad pursuit': X-ray crystallographers' search for the structure of haemoglobin. PMID- 3909191 TI - [Obesity and its treatment in the Roman world]. PMID- 3909192 TI - [An exemplary scientific debate: Mariotte, Pecquet and Perrault in search of the site of visual perception]. PMID- 3909193 TI - Contradictory appraisal by K.A. Timiriazev of Mendelian principles and its subsequent perception. PMID- 3909195 TI - Human nature and evolution. An essay review. PMID- 3909194 TI - Stephen Hales' "statical way". PMID- 3909196 TI - [Embryology in the 18th century: S. Roe's interpretation]. PMID- 3909197 TI - Glutamine metabolism in lymphocytes: its biochemical, physiological and clinical importance. AB - Glutamine is utilized at a high rate (fourfold higher than that of glucose) by isolated incubated lymphocytes and produces glutamate, aspartate, lactate and ammonia. The pathway for glutamine metabolism includes the reactions catalysed by glutaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, oxoglutarate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, fumarase, malate dehydrogenase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. In fact little if any of the carbon of the glutamine that is used is converted to acetyl-CoA for complete oxidation. For this reason, the oxidation of glutamine is only partial and, in an analogous manner to the terminology used to describe the partial oxidation of glucose to lactate as glycolysis, the term glutaminolysis is used to describe the process of partial glutamine oxidation. The role of glutaminolysis in lymphocytes and perhaps other rapidly dividing cells is to provide both nitrogen and carbon for precursors for synthesis of macromolecules (e.g. purines and pyrimidines for DNA and RNA) and also energy. However, the rate of glutamine utilization by lymphocytes is markedly in excess of the precursor requirements (which are at most 4%) and if glutamine was vitally important in energy production it would be expected that more would be converted to acetyl-CoA for complete oxidation via the Krebs cycle. Indeed most of the energy for lymphocytes may be obtained by the complete oxidation of fatty acids and ketone bodies. Consequently the role of the high rate of glutaminolysis in lymphocytes and other rapidly dividing cells may be identical to that of glycolysis: the high rates provide ideal conditions for the precise and sensitive control of the rate of use of the intermediates of these pathways for biosynthesis when required. High rates of glycolysis and glutaminolysis can be seen as part of a mechanism of control to permit synthesis of macromolecules when required without any need for extracellular signals to make more glucose or glutamine available for these cells. In order to maintain a high rate of glutaminolysis despite fluctuation in the plasma level of glutamine, the flux through the glutaminolytic pathway can be controlled and the key processes in the lymphocyte that may play a role in this process include glutamine transport across the cell and mitochondrial membranes, glutaminase and oxoglutarate dehydrogenase. Changes in the intracellular concentration of Ca2+ may play a role in control of one or more of these reactions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3909198 TI - Primary hyperoxaluria (type I): attempted treatment by combined hepatic and renal transplantation. AB - A case is reported of a patient with renal failure and developing systemic and renal oxalosis due to pyridoxine-resistant type I primary hyperoxaluria. In spite of vigorous haemodialysis and hydration before and after operation, an allografted cadaveric kidney failed because of oxalate deposits in the transplant. The patient was treated by combined hepatic and renal transplantation. The liver allograft functioned well but the kidney had poor function due to primary acute tubular necrosis aggravated by steroid-associated acute pancreatitis, systemic cytomegalovirus infection and high cyclosporin A levels. The patient died from generalised cytomegalovirus infection. The early course after operation was associated with a reduced rate of oxalate production, which would slow the rate of oxalate deposition in the tissues. The size of the oxalate metabolic pool was also diminished. These observations are compatible with the grafted liver having corrected the metabolic lesion. PMID- 3909199 TI - The William Withering bicentennial lecture. William Withering and 'an account of the foxglove'. PMID- 3909200 TI - The pathophysiology of human cerebral ischaemia: a new perspective obtained with positron tomography. PMID- 3909201 TI - Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in renal transplant recipients--clinical and radiographic features, diagnosis and complications of treatment. AB - Six episodes of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in five renal transplant patients on low dose maintenance prednisolone are described. The infection was rare, occurring in 3 per cent of the recipients transplanted between 1978 and 1984. Diagnosis and treatment were not straightforward. Fever was the earliest evidence of illness, and in three episodes the chest radiograph was normal at presentation. At diagnosis, two to 16 days later, all had pulmonary infiltrates and severe hypoxia. Diagnosis was confirmed by cytological examination of bronchial lavage (two), transbronchial biopsy (one), open lung biopsy (one), and for two episodes clinically, from the rapid and complete resolution of fever, pulmonary infiltrates and hypoxia following a therapeutic trial of high dose cotrimoxazole. Pneumocystis antibody titres were low during the illness and in convalescence and did not contribute to diagnosis. Three patients had serological evidence of recent cytomegalovirus infection. All episodes responded to treatment with high dose cotrimoxazole. All the patients survived the illness but one died a year after recovery. The major complications of treatment were thrombocytopenia (three cases) and neutropenia (two cases) which did not respond to folinic acid. PMID- 3909202 TI - Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in adults in the northern region of England--a study of 75 cases. AB - Over a ten-year period we have studied 75 cases of adult acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). Sixty of the cases were seen from 1979 to 1984 and represent an unselected series of all known cases in a region of 3 000 000 people. Study of these patients has given further insight into the heterogeneous, clinical and cytological nature of adult ALL. Three protocols have been used and results are presented indicating that conventional approaches to treatment in this disease are unsatisfactory. Not all patients could be entered on protocols but these patients are included to give the overall perspective of this disease in clinical practice. A new strategy is proposed which envisages abandoning traditional maintenance chemotherapy in favour of either allogeneic marrow transplant or autologous transplant in first remission in the post-consolidation phase. Preliminary results of this flexible approach are given. PMID- 3909203 TI - Resin bonded etched cast cingulum rest retainers for removable partial dentures. PMID- 3909204 TI - Temporomandibular joint dysfunction in children and adolescents: incidence, diagnosis, and treatment. PMID- 3909205 TI - Benjamin Franklin Tofflemire (1896-1983). PMID- 3909206 TI - [Evaluation of an immunoenzymatic method for the simultaneous determination of HBsAg and anti-HBs]. AB - In this study we have evaluated an enzymeimmunoassay for the simultaneous detection of HBsAg and anti-HBs. The EIA method was found to determine anti-HBs at titer of about 10 mIU/ml and HBsAg between 1.5 and 2.5 EU/ml for both ad and ay subtypes. Detection of HBsAg and anti-HBs by EIA and RIA in sera collected from healthy subjects and in patients with acute or chronic hepatitis showed a concordance, respectively, of 98.2 and 97.4%. The discrepancies were in part due to the higher sensitivity of RIA respect to EIA method, while in some cases EIA seems to detect anti-HBs earlier than RIA. The EIA method might be effectively employed in pre-vaccine screening and in the serological follow-up of individuals who received anti-hepatitis B vaccine. PMID- 3909207 TI - Light-illumination effects on the cellular concentration of photolyase molecules in yeast. AB - The effects of light-illumination in the absence or presence of cycloheximide (CHX) on the number of photoreactivating enzyme molecules per haploid cell of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (NPRE) were investigated. NPRE increased, when the cells were held in buffer in light in the absence of CHX for 24 or 48 h before UV irradiation (buffer-holding). The increase of NPRE was clearly observed in cells, whose NPRE before bufferholding was small, that is, in stationary growth phase cells grown at 37 degrees C and in logarithmic growing cells incubated at 30 degrees C. In the case of buffer-holding in light in the presence of CHX or in the dark in the absence or presence of CHX, the increase of NPRE was small or not observed. PMID- 3909208 TI - Photoreactivation of damage induced by ionizing radiation in yeast cells. AB - Experimental data on photoreactivation of damage induced by ionizing radiation in yeast cells are presented. The value of photoreactivation was found to be the highest for the following conditions predicted by us as optimum ones: large volume of irradiated suspension, hypoxia and high energy sparsely ionizing radiation. A comparison of data for yeast and bacterial cells shows that Cerenkov emission from ionizing radiation may produce photoreactivated pyrimidine dimers in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell systems. PMID- 3909209 TI - Possible association of mucous blanket integrity with postirradiation colonization resistance. AB - Radiation-induced infections can be associated with changes in colonization potential of the intestine. Since the mucous blanket, which overlays the epithelium, is a major mucosal structure and is heavily colonized by microorganisms, we examined the status of the mucus after radiation and evaluated susceptibility to intestinal challenge with bacteria. A downward shift (2.5 X 10(8) cells/g to 5.3 X 10(5)) of total facultatively anaerobic bacteria of the ileum of C3HeB/FeJ mice was detected by 3 days post exposure to 10 Gy 60Co. Numbers of flora returned to normal by 11 days after radiation. Scanning electron microscopy was used to show that the loss of bacteria could be associated with major disruptions of the continuity of the mucous blanket. The pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa adhered to mouse mucous films used in in vitro assays. When irradiated mice were challenged orally with 1 X 10(5) P. aeruginosa on days 1, 2, or 3 after irradiation, a progressive increase in susceptibility was seen, but no animals died before Day 4 postirradiation. Sensitivity to subcutaneous (sc) challenge with Pseudomonas also increased by Day 3 and was probably due largely to the profound neutropenia observed. Immunoglobulin G (Gamimmune), which protected burned mice infected with Pseudomonas, was ineffectual in treatment of 7 or 10 Gy irradiated mice challenged either orally or sc with the organism. The ileal mucosal barrier was compromised after radiation in ways which could facilitate epithelial colonization, an event which combined with other immunological and physiological decrements in this model can compromise the effectiveness of therapeutic modalities. PMID- 3909210 TI - Effect of Pseudomonas contamination or antibiotic decontamination of the GI tract on acute radiation lethality after neutron or gamma irradiation. AB - The influence of antibiotic decontamination of Pseudomonas contamination of the GI tract prior to whole-body neutron or gamma irradiation was studied. It was observed that for fission neutron doses greater than 5.5 Gy, cyclotron-produced neutron doses greater than 6.7 Gy, and 137Cs gamma-ray doses greater than 14.4 Gy, the median survival time of untreated rats was relatively constant at 4.2 to 4.5 days, indicating death was due to intestinal injury. Within the dose range of 3.5 to 5.5 Gy of fission neutrons, 4.9 to 6.7 Gy of cyclotron-produced neutrons, and 9.6 to 14.4 Gy of gamma rays, median survival time of these animals was inversely related to dose and varied from 12 to 4.6 days. This change in survival time with dose reflects a transition in the mechanisms of acute radiation death from pure hematopoietic, to a combination of intestinal and hematopoietic, to pure intestinal death. Decontamination of the GI tract with antibiotics prior to irradiation increased median survival time 1 to 5 days in this transitional dose range. Contamination of the intestinal flora with Pseudomonas aeruginosa prior to irradiation reduced median survival time 1 to 5 days in the same radiation dose range. Pseudomonas-contaminated animals irradiated within this transitional dose range had maximum concentrations of total bacteria and Pseudomonas in their livers at the time of death. However, liver bacteria concentration was usually higher in gamma-irradiated animals, due to a smaller contribution of hematopoietic injury in neutron-irradiated animals. The effects of both decontamination of the GI tract and Pseudomonas contamination of the GI tract were negligible in the range of doses in which median survival time was dose independent, i.e., in the pure "intestinal death" dose range. Finally, despite the marked changes in survival time produced by decontamination or Pseudomonas contamination in the "transitional dose range," these treatments had little effect on ultimate survival after irradiation as measured by the LD50/5 day and the LD50/30 day end points. The implications of these results with respect to treatment of acute radiation injury after whole-body irradiation are discussed. PMID- 3909211 TI - [Radiosensitizing and toxic effect of metronidazole and its ortho-isomer 1-(2 hydroxyethyl)-2-methyl-4-nitroimidazole on Escherichia coli B/r cells]. AB - A study was made of the effect of metronidazole and isometronidazole on the survival rate of irradiated and nonirradiated E. coli B/r cells. These substances had similar radiosensitizing activity with regard to anoxic cells and did not sensitize cells irradiated in the air. At the same time, isometronidazole was found to be less toxic than metronidazole. PMID- 3909212 TI - [Immunochemical analysis of changes in the structure of the nuclear matrix in thymocytes of irradiated rats]. AB - It was shown that reactivity of the nuclear matrix of thymocytes for antibodies against chromatin of the control and irradiated thymocytes and PDN did not change immediately and increased markedly 2 h following irradiation of rats with a dose of 10 Gy. The method of immunoblotting failed to reveal any qualitative differences in the protein content of the thymocyte nuclear matrix of the control and exposed rats. PMID- 3909213 TI - [Radiosensitizing activity of maleic acid derivatives. Effect of maleic acid o nitroanilide, anilide and diethyl ester on the survival of gamma-irradiated cells of Escherichia coli B/r]. AB - Among three substances under study, only o-nitroanilide of maleic acid (oNAM) possessed a radiosensitizing activity. Radiosensitivity of E. coli B/r cells irradiated in the presence of Ar and oNAM was higher by 4.8 times than that of irradiated controls. The survival rate of E. coli B/r cells irradiated in the presence of oxygen was changed by 1.4 times by the effect of oNAM. PMID- 3909214 TI - [Effect of low doses of ionizing radiation on bone marrow cell chromosomes in Microtus oeconomus Pall]. AB - It is shown that Microtus oeconomus Pall. living in conditions of enhanced natural radioactive background do not suffer from the increased radioactivity with regard to the induction of cytogenetic disturbances in bone marrow cells. It is supposed that these animals are more radioresistant than Microtus oeconomus Pall. living in vivaria. PMID- 3909216 TI - Percutaneous aspiration biopsy of the pancreas under ultrasonic guidance. PMID- 3909215 TI - [Changes in the mucous membrane of the trachea and bronchi in dogs based on bronchoscopic data for the combined action of 239Pu and gamma-radiation as compared with the individual actions]. AB - It was established that under conditions of combined exposure of dogs to external gamma- and internal alpha-radiation, a preirradiation with 51.6 mC/kg gamma-rays prevents the development of the signs of endobronchitis which are typical for endobronchitis induced by inhalation of submicron 239Pu dioxide and manifested by hyperemia of trachea and bronchus mucosa, edema, and the presence of mucopurulent exudate. PMID- 3909217 TI - [5MHz realtime sonography of the breast. 1. Technical equipment studies]. AB - The resolving characteristics (depth dependence of spatial resolution) of different scanning units are tested by a specially designed tissue-mimicking phantom. The phantom includes cyst-like structures (0.8-5 mm) in several layers. Additional measurements of the lateral resolution (-6 dB beam width) are performed on a spherical test object. The results are compared with regard to the requested imaging depth (visualization of the breast muscle) and the optimum focus zone (depth of pathologic breast lesions) in 307 echomammographic examinations. It is shown that the resolution characteristics and penetration depth of a 5 MHz linear-array-real-time-scanner (LS 3000, Picker Inc.) with special near-range-focus best meet the requirements of breast echography. PMID- 3909218 TI - [5MHz realtime sonography of the breast. 2. Examination technic and diagnostic value]. AB - The diagnostic value of mamma-sonography using realtime technique was evaluated in a prospective study based on the experience of 452 pathomorphologically confirmed sonographic results. Large cysts (greater than 1 cm) were correctly classified as 97%, while small cysts (less than or equal to 1 cm) were recognized in 84%. Eighty-six percent of the fibroadenomas were visualized; 50% of these lesions were classified as "benign" and 34% as "equivocal--probably benign". In 70% of the patients with mastopathic alterations, no abnormalities were detected sonographically, except when cystic lesions (greater than 3 mm) were present. Fifty-percent of the in-situ-carcinomas and small carcinomas (less than or equal to 1 cm) were recognized, while 97% of the larger carcinomas (greater than 1 cm) were demonstrated. The frequency of the different echographic criteria was analyzed with regard to the pathohistological results. PMID- 3909219 TI - [Sonographic, clinical and surgical correlations in the diagnosis and control of the course of tongue infiltrations]. AB - With a high-resolution sonographic system, anatomical details in the area of the floor of the mouth and tongue are visualized. The value of sonography in the pretherapeutic assessment of suspicious palpation findings was investigated. 22 patients' tumors were examined during radiation, to document the course of therapy. 55 sonograms were evaluated and confirmed the excellent applicability of this procedure in the precise pretherapeutic determination of the size of the lesions and their relation to the surrounding structures. The tumors are readily detected even during radiotherapy. PMID- 3909220 TI - Somatosensory evoked potentials in man: differentiation of spinal pathways responsible for conduction from the forelimb vs hindlimb. AB - This review suggests that a previously unrecognized spinal cord pathway may be of major importance in the conduction of the somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) from the lower limb in Man. The nerve fiber type activated by a "typical" peripheral nerve stimulus used in studying the SEP will activate the posterior tibial nerve or median nerve predominantly at group I threshold. Group I fibers subserve limb proprioception. Therefore the spinal cord pathways subserving limb position sense will be the same pathways activated by a peripheral nerve stimulus used to evoke an SEP. A relatively newly recognized pathway involved with limb position sense from the lower limb is located in the dorsal portion of the lateral funiculus of the spinal cord whereas pathways subserving limb position sense in forelimb involve predominantly the dorsal column pathways. It is suggested that the dorsal columns play no major role in limb position sense from the lower limb in Man and therefore, the dorsal columns play no major role in the conduction of activity from the lower limb involved with the generation of an SEP. PMID- 3909221 TI - [Dynamics proteins]. PMID- 3909222 TI - [Boundary lipids--history and background]. PMID- 3909223 TI - [Membrane protein--what can be revealed?]. PMID- 3909224 TI - [Method of time-resolved X-ray diffraction and its application to muscle contraction]. PMID- 3909225 TI - [Theoretical aspects of visual transduction]. PMID- 3909226 TI - [Photochemistry of rhodopsin--picosecond-microsecond time domain]. PMID- 3909227 TI - [Photochemical intermediates of rhodopsin--low temperature spectrophotometry and spectroscopy]. PMID- 3909228 TI - [Role of the promoter in transcription]. PMID- 3909229 TI - [Why are proteins stable in the presence of sugars and polyols?]. PMID- 3909230 TI - [Eukaryotic DNA replication factors]. PMID- 3909231 TI - The effects of thyroxine and methimazole treatment on the synthesis of prostacyclin (PGI2) in the rat. AB - The effects of thyroxine (T4) and methimazole administration on plasma prostacyclin (PGI2) levels in vivo and on PGI2 release by aortic rings incubated in vitro were investigated in rats. Male rats were given single injection of T4 (200 micrograms/100 g body wt) ip every 24 h for either 3, 7 or 14 days for hyperthyroid rats. For hypothyroid rats, a group of rats were given methimazole (0.01 % in drinking water) for 14 days. PGI2 concentrations were determined in plasma and also in the medium in which aortic rings were incubated. PGI2 was measured as 6-keto-PGF1 alpha by RIA. Plasma PGI2 levels in T4-treated groups were found to be significantly higher than those of control animals. Aortic rings obtained from rats given single injection of T4 for 7 and 14 days showed significant increases in release of PGI2 into the incubation medium. In contrast, rats given methimazole for 14 days showed a significant decrease in the production of PGI2 by aortic rings without any significant changes in plasma levels. Direct addition of T4 into the incubation medium did not cause any significant changes in PGI2 release by aortic rings obtained from control rats. These results suggest the regulatory role of thyroid hormone in PGI2 synthesis in vivo. PMID- 3909232 TI - U-60,257 inhibits O3-induced bronchial hyperreactivity in the guinea pig. AB - We studied the effects on ozone-induced airway hyperreactivity of U-60,257, a pyrroloprostacyclin shown to inhibit leukotriene C/D biosynthesis in vitro. A group of 5 guinea pigs were pretreated with U-60,257 (5 mg/kg IV), and studied before and 30 min after a 15 min exposure to 3.0 ppm ozone. These animals were compared to a similarly exposed group that was untreated (n = 10). Reactivity was determined by measuring specific airway resistance (SRaw) upon intravenous acetylcholine infusion in unanesthetized, spontaneously breathing animals. Prior to ozone exposure, we found that U-60,257 treatment did not affect either SRaw or muscarinic reactivity. After exposure to 3.0 ppm, all untreated guinea pigs showed substantial muscarinic hyperreactivity. In contrast, no significant change in SRaw or muscarinic reactivity occurred after ozone in any animal pretreated with U-60,257. We conclude that ozone-induced bronchial hyperreactivity in the guinea pig rapidly develops after a brief, high level exposure. This effect may be mediated, in part, by leukotrienes generated upon ozone exposure. PMID- 3909233 TI - Effect of indomethacin, tiaprofenic acid and dicrofenac on rat gastric mucosal damage and content of prostacyclin and prostaglandin E2. AB - Gastric ulcerogenicity and depletion of endogenous prostaglandins (PGs) content induced by tiaprofenic acid, dicrofenac and indomethacin were examined using the same antiinflammatory effective doses. Male Wistar rats were given each of these drugs intragastrically 24, 18, and 3 hrs before sacrifice in the following doses (mg/kg): indomethacin (0.8, 4 and 20); tiaprofenic acid (1.2, 6 and 30); dicrofenac (0.8, 4 and 20). Endogenous prostacyclin (PGI2) and PGE2 in fundic mucosa were determined by radioimmunoassay. The three compounds produced fundic mucosal lesions in a dose-dependent manner. However, tiaprofenic acid and dicrofenac were both less potent than indomethacin in producing gastric mucosal lesions at similar antiinflammatory doses. Mucosal PGE2 content was abolished by the three compounds in the following doses (mg/kg): indomethacin (4 and 20); tiaprofenic acid (6 and 30); dicrofenac (20). Mucosal PGI2 was maintained around 50% of the control value in rats given tiaprofenic acid in a dose of 6 mg/kg or dicrofenac in a dose of 4 mg/kg, while indomethacin in a dose of 4 mg/kg markedly reduced mucosal PGI2 to 17% of the control value. In larger doses, tiaprofenic acid and dicrofenac were also significantly less potent in reducing mucosal PGI2 than indomethacin. These results suggest that the difference in ulcerogenicity between indomethacin and the other two compounds was closely related to their potency in decreasing PGI2 in the gastric (fundic) mucosa. PMID- 3909234 TI - [Is it the twilight of the Nelson-Mayer test? II. Evaluation of the necessity of verification of sera tested for syphilis by the TPI reaction]. PMID- 3909235 TI - [Clinical trial of the treatment of porphyria cutanea tarda by plasmapheresis]. PMID- 3909237 TI - [Krynica before World War II in the reminiscences of a contemporary sanatorium physician]. PMID- 3909236 TI - [Founding and organization of the Polish Society of Epidemiologists and Infectious Disease Specialists (on the 25th anniversary 1958-1983)]. PMID- 3909238 TI - Workload of an imaging department in 1978 vs. 1982: changes, reasons, and resolutions. AB - The diagnostic radiology workload in a university-affiliated general hospital (primarily for inpatients) was recorded and analyzed as to number of examinations and room occupancy time of three different representative months in both 1978 and 1982. Examinations of conventional radiology decreased in number in all fields, markedly in the biliary system and GU tract and minimally in the chest and skeletal system, whereas ultrasound as well as CT rapidly increased in number and/or time. Special procedures (invasive/interventional) also increased in number and time with the exception of lymphography. Future planning of imaging rooms as well as training programs should be instituted based on these data. PMID- 3909239 TI - Irradiation therapy with multiple small fractions per day in urinary bladder cancer. AB - In a clinical trial 168 patients with carcinoma of the bladder, T2-T4, were randomized to one of two treatments; 1 Gy 3 times a day to a total of 84 Gy or 2 Gy once a day to a total of 64 Gy. Local eradication of the tumour in the bladder cystoscopically and cytologically at 6 months after completion of treatment and patient survival were analyzed. The results favoured significantly the patients treated with 84 Gy. All patients were followed 5-9 years. The survival was significantly improved in patients with T3 lesions treated with 84 Gy (p less than 0.01). Complications in the bowel requiring surgical treatment were not significantly different between the two groups of patients. The results indicate a therapeutic gain by hyperfractionated radiotherapy in comparison to conventional fractionated radiotherapy. PMID- 3909240 TI - Role of radiation therapy in localized non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. AB - Relapse occurs in 50% of patients receiving radiation for clinical stage (C.S.) I and II nodal and extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (N.H.L.). Prior to the introduction of intensive chemotherapy those failing primary control with irradiation and most of those who relapsed died of their disease with a resultant overall mortality of 50%. An analysis of Princess Margaret Hospital results with radiation for C.S. I and II N.H.L. between January 1967 and December 1978 revealed that tumour bulk, age, stage and histology were of independent prognostic significance. It was possible to group patients using combinations of these attributes so that each group encompassed only patients with similar outcomes. Such prognostic groups were identified separately within the low grade and the intermediate plus high grade categories of the Working Formulation. Patients with a high probability of cure with radiation were so defined. Also those patients in whom chemotherapy would be optimal initial therapy were also defined. Such patients were in the intermediate plus high grade histology groups. Thirty percent of all patients with low grade histology lymphoma had an actuarial survival of 83%, and relapse-free rate of 63% at 10 years. By implication, approximately 20% of all patients with these histologies seen at the Princess Margaret Hospital for the same time period achieved prolonged relapse-free survival by localized therapy. This is at variance with the implications of staging from studies where laparotomy and multiple bone marrow biopsies have been used. Such aggressive staging procedures suggest truly localised disease in only 5-6% of patients with low grade lymphoma. A significant relationship between radiation dose and disease control was demonstrated only for patients with intermediate and high grade lymphoma of medium or large bulk. A minimum tumour dose of 30 Gy was required for optimal local control with radiation. PMID- 3909241 TI - Effect of dose-rate on total body irradiation: lethality and pathologic findings. AB - The effect of low dose-rate total body irradation (TBI) on hemopoietic and nonhemopoietic lethality has been studied in BALB/c mice using dose-rates ranging from 25 to 1 cGy/min. Deaths were scored at 10 days, 30 days, and one year after irradiation, and dose-response curves were constructed to determine the dose-rate dependence of deaths from the gastrointestinal syndrome, hemopoietic syndrome, and late lethal syndrome(s), respectively. A plot of the LD50S for each of these lethal syndromes versus dose-rate showed the dose-rate dependence for late lethality to be somewhat greater than that for gut death, but both of these endpoints were markedly more dose-rate dependent than was hemopoietic lethality, particularly at dose rates less than 5 cGy/min. To determine which late responding normal tissues might be critical for low dose-rate TBI, complete necropsies were performed on all mice dying later than 60 days after irradiation and on all mice surviving at one year; all tissues were examined histologically. Morphologic evidence of radiation injury was present in only three tissues, lung (fibrosis and scarring) kidney (tubule depletion), and liver (presence of mitoses). Subjectively, the lung changes were most severe up to 9 months while kidney changes became more prominent after this time, suggesting that late death after low dose-rate TBI may not be entirely attributable to lung injury. However, regardless of which late responding normal tissue is dose-limiting, it is clear that low dose-rate TBI preferentially spares these tissues compared with hemopoietic stem cells. PMID- 3909242 TI - [Image diagnosis and Doppler ultrasound in the functional study of portal circulation]. AB - The authors, after mentioning physiologic appearance of portal circulation and physical principles governing the interrelationship of pressure, flow and flow velocity in blood vessels, report the results of a study about trend of haemodynamic values in 23 normal subjects and 13 cirrhotic patients. Values of portal blood flow and fluid speed were measured using a pulsed "Linear-Doppler" system, before and after dinner. Statistical analysis of results proves the diagnostic value of examination that appears qualified as the method of first choice in the patients with suspected changes of portal circulation. PMID- 3909243 TI - [Experimental studies on possible biological effects of ultrasonic diagnosis: ultrastructural analysis of rat embryo]. AB - Within the limits of a systematic research on the biological effects of the ultrasounds, the authors refer on their personal experience on rat's embrions treated, for 120 seconds, with a ultrasonic beam having the common characteristics used in diagnostic investigations. The ultra-structural studies on the hepatic parenchyma substantially confirm the previous results obtained in the adult cavy, exposed for the same period of time, i.e. a diffuse cytoplasmic vacuolization and an unstable mitochondrial damage. Various suggestions are advanced on the particular sensibility that the mitocondria show because of the ultrasonic action. The authors explain the limits of their experimentation in this specific sector of the scientific research. PMID- 3909244 TI - [Possibility of using the spot camera in the documentation of the arterial phase in urography]. AB - 32 patients have been examined with sequential angiourography (AUS) and image subtraction, utilizing a spot-camera instead of a rapid seriograph, for the visualization of the vascular phase of the renal artery. Satisfactory results have been obtained since in 96.9% of the cases (31/32) it has been possible to obtain representation of those structures sufficient for a clinical evaluation. This technique for its low cost and simplicity of execution can therefore be proposed as a routine examination in the suspect of vascular renal pathology. This method and the more diffuse AUS with rapid seriograph offer, with respect to digital subtraction angiography (DSA), the advantage of a better nephrographic and urographic phase due to the higher quantity of contrast medium injected. PMID- 3909245 TI - [Acinar carcinoma of the pancreas. Peculiarities of the angiographic picture. Comparison with ultrasonic diagnosis and CT]. PMID- 3909246 TI - [Islands of Langerhans' autoantibodies in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 3909247 TI - [Root submergence: prevention of jaw resorption. Review of the literature]. PMID- 3909248 TI - [Jan Stul, his "Medendi practica generalis" (1606) and dentistry]. PMID- 3909249 TI - [Critical considerations concerning indications for oral implants]. PMID- 3909251 TI - [The mandibular 3d molar as an abutment for removable dentures]. PMID- 3909250 TI - [The mandibular 3d molar as a bridge abutment]. PMID- 3909252 TI - [Measurement of antetorsion of the femoral neck by ultrasonics. Comparison with x ray computed tomography]. AB - A method of measurement of femoral anteversion using ultrasounds is presented. It is easily reproducible and non-irradiating. It was tested in 100 hips and compared with measurement by tomodensitometry. The results were similar. Both methods were tested in dry bones and the results again were comparable. It is concluded that ultrasound measurements are reliable and without danger and should be used in preference. PMID- 3909253 TI - [Analysis of the scintigraphic image of bone grafts in reconstruction of total hip prostheses]. AB - Eighteen total hip prostheses required reoperation after loosening of the acetabular component. The authors used autografts (8 cases) or allografts (9 cases) or both (1 case) to reinforce the acetabulum. The fate of the grafts was analysed using Technetium 99 scintigraphy. There were 8 shelf operations and 10 massive grafts replacing either the anterior or posterior wall of the acetabulum. The scintigraphic study came to the conclusion that autografts resulted in intense reaction with fixation after two to sixteen months. From this it can be assumed that their rehabilitation was satisfactory. In contrast, allografts were poorly incorporated. Scintigraphy in these cases was of low intensity, scattered and was not long-lasting. The authors consider that this type of graft has little chance of producing a solid and homogeneous mass of bone in the long term. They consider that, when necessary, a mixture of autograft and allograft should be used. PMID- 3909254 TI - [Reinsertion or meniscal suturing]. PMID- 3909255 TI - [Conservative treatment of meniscal lesions. Results of more than 100 cases of suturing with a 12-year follow up]. PMID- 3909256 TI - [Undergraduate medical education in Chile]. PMID- 3909257 TI - [Hypertriglyceridemias]. PMID- 3909258 TI - [Cations and arterial hypertension]. PMID- 3909259 TI - [Somatomedins and their role as regulators of the secretion of growth hormone]. PMID- 3909260 TI - [Anesthesia in liver transplantation]. PMID- 3909261 TI - [Radiologico-surgical correlation in a series of 196 patients operated on for hepatic hydatidosis]. PMID- 3909262 TI - [Aneurysm of the abdominal aorta. Diagnostic evaluation of axial computed tomography, echography and arteriography. Study of 8 patients]. PMID- 3909263 TI - [Aspiration biopsy with guided fine needle or under continuous control with ultrasound in the diagnosis and treatment of digestive pathology]. PMID- 3909264 TI - [The delta agent. Characteristics, infectivity and clinical aspects of its infection]. PMID- 3909266 TI - [Nutritional approach to the therapy of pain: recent findings]. PMID- 3909265 TI - [Yield of the thoracoscopic biopsy in experimental pulmonary infections in the immunosuppressed rabbit]. AB - Using thoracoscopy lung biopsy we investigated the bacteriological diagnostic yield in immunodepressed and/or infected NZ rabbits. 84 rabbits were used: 18 controls, 30 immunodepressed rabbits and 36 rabbits immunodepressed and then infected with Aspergillus fumigatus. Candida albicans or B.C.G. The thoracoscopy technique was the one we designed for humans, the instruments were adapted to the size of animals. Thoracoscopy biopsy results were compared to those of surgical biopsies made in the same animals. The results of both techniques were similar: indeed, the sensitivity of thoracoscopy biopsy was 88.9% in immunodepressed rabbits (versus 100% with surgical biopsies), 86% in the group of rabbits infected with B.C.G. (versus 86%), 90.1% in rabbits infected with Aspergillus fumigatus (versus 100%) and 88.9% in rabbits infected with Candida albicans (versus 100%). The indications for thoracoscopic lung biopsy in immunodepressed patients with infectious lung diseases are drawn from these experimental data, from our experience and the known mortality and morbidity of surgical lung biopsy. PMID- 3909267 TI - [Fetal alcohol syndrome]. PMID- 3909268 TI - Ovarian follicular fluid concentrations of prostaglandins E2, F2 alpha and I2 during the pre-ovulatory period in pigs. AB - The concentrations of prostaglandin (PG) E2, PGF2 alpha and PGI2 (measured as 6 oxo-PGF1 alpha) in follicular fluid collected from the ovaries of mature, cycling pigs during the immediate pre-ovulatory period have been estimated by radioimmunoassay. The concentrations of all three prostaglandins were low 24-32 hrs before the expected time of ovulation, with the ratio of the mean concentrations of PGE2, PGF2 alpha and 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha being 0.7:1.1:1.0. The concentration of PGE2 showed a small increase during the next 22 hrs but, in the 2 hr period before the expected time of ovulation, the mean concentrations of PGE2, PGF2 alpha and 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha increased 119-, 11- and 5-fold, respectively, which produced a ratio of these mean concentrations of 14.8:2.2:1.0. One sample of follicular fluid contained the highest concentration of 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha (54.4 ng/ml) yet reported for any tissue from any species, but this concentration was still lower than those of PGE2 (529 ng/ml) and PGF2 alpha (94.6 ng/ml). These results show that prostaglandin concentrations increase in the follicular fluid of mature, cycling pigs in the immediate preovulatory period, with PGE2 being the predominant prostaglandin produced. In "preovulatory" follicles which failed to ovulate, prostaglandin concentrations were at baseline values. The findings in this study are consistent with follicular prostaglandins being essential for ovulation in the pig. PMID- 3909269 TI - The regulation of glucocorticosteroid secretion during the perinatal period. AB - The regulation of adrenal activity during the perinatal period raises different experimental problems; studies are often limited and their conclusions vary with the species studied. During the perinatal period, the profile of the ratio of adrenal weight to body weight reaches a minimum earlier the more mature is the species; this minimum occurs before birth in sheep, at birth in guinea-pigs and 10 days after birth in mice. In mature species, fetal plasma cortisol is higher than that of the mother; it rises sharply near term. In other species, maternal plasma cortisol remains higher than that of the fetus which also rises during the days before birth. In all species, the fetal adrenal is activated concomitantly with a sharp increase of the action of corticosteroid binding globulin on fetal plasma. The origins of this protein in the fetal plasma and the regulation of its concentration are topics of actual research. Before birth, placental transfer of cortisol increases regularly and slowly. During the perinatal period it is demonstrated that fetal catabolism of cortisol augments up to the adult level independently of changes in hormone secretion around birth. PMID- 3909270 TI - Stimulation of DNA synthesis in human fibroblasts by human pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor. AB - Human pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor stimulated [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA in human fibroblasts at concentrations present in human serum. Combined addition of human pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor and porcine insulin gave more than additive stimulation of [3H]thymidine incorporation. PMID- 3909271 TI - Influence of heart failure and sodium content in the diet on the natriuretic response to furosemide in hamsters. AB - The aims of this study were to investigate the influence of heart failure and dietary sodium content on the natriuretic effect of furosemide. Ten healthy Golden Syrian hamsters (HH) and 10 hamsters with a cardiomyopathy (CMH) were maintained on a normal sodium diet (NSD) and an equal number of animals on sodium deficient diet (SDD) for a minimum of 40 days. Three experiments were conducted on days 1, 20 and 40. Each experiment started with a 24-hour urine collection (control), followed by the administration of 5 mg/kg of furosemide i.p. and a second 24-hour urine collection and finally, the administration of 2 mg/kg of indomethacin i.p. followed 30 minutes later by 5 mg/kg of furosemide and a 24 hour urine collection as well as blood sampling. Sodium, creatinine, furosemide and arginine vasopressin (AVP) were measured in the urine and sodium, creatinine and AVP in plasma. After 134 days on a SDD, four HH resumed a NSD and the response to furosemide was again assessed after 12 days. Our results indicate that the natriuretic response to furosemide is higher in CMH than in HH. The SDD tended to increase the response to furosemide in HH as well as in CMH. Indomethacin did not influence the response to furosemide under any experimental condition. In four HH the increment in the fractional excretion of sodium in response to furosemide was 0.88 +/- 0.21% after 134 days on SDD and decreased to 0.35 +/- 0.12 (p less than 0.05) after 12 days on NSD. In all cases urinary excretion of furosemide was similar. Plasma AVP was higher in CMH and was not influenced by the SDD. In conclusion, SDD as well as cardiomyopathy with congestive heart failure do not decrease the natriuretic effect of furosemide and may not be a cause in the variability of the natriuretic response to furosemide. PMID- 3909272 TI - Conformational analysis of methotrexate. AB - Using classical potential functions, the conformation of methotrexate is obtained. Calculations show that glutamate side chain will not have much folding and the plane of pteridine ring would be tilted approximately with an angle of 30 degrees with respect to the plane of phenyl group. PMID- 3909273 TI - Decreased incidence of diabetes mellitus by monosodium glutamate in the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse. AB - Subcutaneous administration of monosodium glutamate (MSG) to neonatal female non obese diabetic (NOD) mice resulted in obesity associated with stunting and hyperinsulinemia. However, the cumulative incidence of diabetes mellitus at 25 weeks of age in the MSG group was significantly lower than in the control group (10.3% vs. 43.6%, P less than 0.005). The immunoreactive insulin content of the pancreas from the 13- to 20-week-old MSG-treated mice was higher than that of the control mice (P less than 0.005). Immunohistochemistry showed that the number of pancreatic B-cells was well preserved and insulitis was attenuated in the MSG treated mice. Plasma corticosterone and 3, 5, 3'-triiodothyronine levels were elevated in the MSG group. These results suggested that, by the MSG treatment, the B-cell functions were maintained through the modification of the degenerative process of the islets in the NOD mouse. PMID- 3909274 TI - Norethindrone disposition following x-ionizing radiation in rats. AB - The pharmacokinetics of norethindrone were investigated in rats exposed to ionizing x-irradiation. Norethindrone was administered by IV bolus injection immediately after, 3 days or 7 days after exposure to 100 rads, 300 rads, 600 rads, and sham x-irradiation. No observable change in norethindrone pharmacokinetics was observed in rats immediately after exposure to all dose levels of x-rays. At three days post irradiation there was an increase in volume of distribution (Vdarea) from 5.55 +/- 0.93 l/kg for sham irradiated to 11.28 +/- 0.74 l/kg for 600 rad rats. Half-life increased after exposure to x-rays from 45.2 +/- 4.5 minutes for sham irradiated to 85.5 +/- 12.1 minutes for 600 rads dose. The Mean Residence Time (MRT) increased from 56.7 +/- 5.6 minutes to 96.4 +/- 13.6 minutes after exposure to 600 rads. This same trend was present 7 days post irradiation but was not nearly as pronounced. No significant differences were observed in total body clearance in irradiated versus sham irradiated animals. As norethindrone is excreted as metabolites via hepatic biotransformation, these findings imply that this process is not affected by irradiation for drugs with high hepatic extraction ratios. Increased distribution of norethindrone to peripheral tissues results in a longer MRT for irradiated animals which could result from radiation induced increase in membrane permeability. PMID- 3909275 TI - Humoral immune response of sheep to infection with Eperythrozoon ovis. AB - Circulating antibody was detected by an indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) in the serum of sheep infected experimentally with Eperythrozoon ovis. Antibodies were first detected 15 to 32 days after infection with E ovis and titres peaked at 41 days. This antibody may be associated, at least in part, with protection against infection with E ovis since the initial increase in antibody titre coincided with a fall in the primary parasitaemia. A role for antibody is suggested further by the fact that the prepatent period of infection was prolonged by one day and the parasitaemia initially remained at low levels in infected sheep protected by passively transferred hyperimmune serum. Moreover, following primary infection, acquired immunity was manifest by a lack of parasitaemia following challenge infections while increased IFA titres were observed. No evidence of opsonic activity was observed in an in vitro erythrophagocytosis test in that neither mouse macrophages nor sheep monocytes phagocytosed E ovis infected or uninfected erythrocytes sensitised with hyperimmune serum. PMID- 3909276 TI - Development of improved methods for the transport and isolation of Haemophilus somnus. AB - The survival of several strains of Haemophilus somnus under various simulated transport conditions was investigated. Recovery of H somnus from alginate swabs kept at room temperature was possible for up to 27 hours after sampling, but this period could be extended to 72 hours if the swabs were refrigerated. Storage of swabs in transport media did not prolong survival time significantly but did increase the number of bacterial contaminants, thus making recovery of H somnus less likely. The sensitivity of several strains of H somnus to a number of dyes, antibiotics and other antimicrobial agents was determined and a selective isolation medium then formulated. This medium which consisted of brain heart infusion agar supplemented with 5 per cent ovine blood, 5 per cent equine serum, 0.5 per cent yeast extract, cycloheximide (100 micrograms ml-1) and lincomycin (3 micrograms ml-1), facilitated the isolation of H somnus from contaminated material. However, while this medium was effective against many contaminants, it did not prevent swarming by Proteus species. PMID- 3909277 TI - Acute effects of captopril in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. Comparison with transient oxygen administration. AB - The present study was carried out to test the hypothesis of a possible effectiveness of captopril--an enzymatic inhibitor of both angiotensin II formation and bradykinin degradation--on hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. In 6 patients with this clinical condition, captopril-induced changes in pulmonary hemodynamics were observed after the acute administration of the drug with and without a short period of oxygen therapy at a flow rate sufficient to keep the PaO2 over 60 mm Hg. In our patients, captopril significantly lowered pulmonary arterial pressure and vascular resistance only when combined with oxygen, suggesting that an increase in bradykinin availability and/or a decrease in angiotensin II synthesis might be important factors in reversing pulmonary arterial hypertension only after blunting of the hypoxic stimulus on pulmonary circulation. Moreover, the authors suggest that the employment of vasodilators in the setting of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension should be considered not only as a means of relieving vasoconstriction but also as a possible tool for maintaining cardiac output and, in turn, peripheral oxygen delivery. PMID- 3909278 TI - Parasympathetic activity assessed by diving reflex and by airway response to methacholine in bronchial asthma and rhinitis. AB - It has been suggested that airway hyperreactivity in asthma is associated with increased parasympathetic tone. We have accordingly assessed parasympathetic responsiveness in five groups of subjects (17 normal controls, 8 patients with extrinsic rhinitis, 6 with intrinsic rhinitis, 10 extrinsic asthmatic patients, 7 intrinsic asthmatic patients) by examining their responses to both diving reflex and methacholine inhalation challenge. The mean fall in heart rate during the diving test was significantly greater in asthmatic subjects than in normal controls and in patients with rhinitis. The diving-induced bradycardia was significantly greater in intrinsic than in extrinsic asthmatic subjects. There was a good correlation between the drop in heart rate during diving test and the provocation dose of methacholine producing a 45% decrease in specific airway conductance both in patients with rhinitis and in asthmatic patients. There was a less good correlation between diving response and clinical severity score in the same asthmatic patients. These results indicate that intrinsic asthma is associated with a marked degree of cholinergic hyperreactivity. The diving test seems to provide an accurate method for the analysis of the parasympathetic system in asthma. PMID- 3909279 TI - [Mechanism of bradyarrhythmia associated with inferior myocardial infarction]. PMID- 3909280 TI - [Effects of prostaglandin I2 and thromboxane A2 on circulating negative inotropic agents released from acid aspiration pneumonia in dogs]. PMID- 3909282 TI - [Rheumatology, rheumatic patients and rheumatologists]. PMID- 3909281 TI - [Analysis of expired hydrogen as an index of carbohydrate absorption]. PMID- 3909283 TI - [Effect of povidone-iodine vs. iodine on the prevention of surgical wound infection]. PMID- 3909284 TI - [Anti-DNA antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus. Study of 2 methods of detection]. PMID- 3909285 TI - [Discriminant analysis and conditional probabilities, the modern approach to differential diagnosis]. PMID- 3909286 TI - [Bacterial identification and mathematical modeling]. PMID- 3909287 TI - [Aging in the female]. PMID- 3909288 TI - [Postoperative alithiasic cholecystitis]. PMID- 3909289 TI - [Prenatal diagnosis of urinary tract malformations: therapeutic approach]. PMID- 3909290 TI - [The non-insulin-dependent diabetic patient: current etiopathogenic concepts]. PMID- 3909291 TI - [Historical considerations on acupuncture]. PMID- 3909292 TI - [Arthritis due to Yersinia enterocolitica]. PMID- 3909293 TI - [Use of revulsion by physicians in ancient Greece and Rome]. PMID- 3909294 TI - [Adaptability of the exocrine pancreas: from rat to man?]. PMID- 3909295 TI - [Coagulase-positive and coagulase-negative Staphylococci: clinical value of microbiological studies]. PMID- 3909296 TI - [Syndromes caused by staphylococcal toxins]. PMID- 3909298 TI - [Current use of the Cesar Roux-en-Y loop in digestive system surgery]. PMID- 3909297 TI - [Apropos of epilepsy and psychism]. PMID- 3909299 TI - [Development of esophagoplasty technics for cicatricial esophageal stenosis]. PMID- 3909300 TI - Hepaticojejunostomy in benign and malignant high bile duct stricture. Approaches to the left hepatic ducts. PMID- 3909301 TI - [Sporadic pheochromocytomas, familial or associated with neurocristopathy. 27 observations, 26 of which were treated surgically (from 1926 to 1985)]. PMID- 3909302 TI - [Peri-intraventricular hemorrhage in premature infants. Diagnosis by real-time ultrasound]. PMID- 3909303 TI - [Quo vadis, history of medicine?]. PMID- 3909304 TI - [Comparative study of 2 resin materials used for fabrication of composite crowns]. PMID- 3909305 TI - [Resins for enamel pit and fissure sealing. Principles and current concepts]. PMID- 3909306 TI - [Is is possible to achieve bonding to dentin? With what materials?]. PMID- 3909307 TI - [What's new in complete dentures? One new technic for the registration of the velopalatal borders]. PMID- 3909308 TI - [Manual or mechanical instrumentation?]. PMID- 3909309 TI - [A great name in surgery in the Middle Ages: Henri de Mondeville (1260-1320)]. PMID- 3909310 TI - Gram-negative bacterial infections: a look at the past, a view of the present, and a glance at the future. AB - An overview of infections caused by gram-negative bacteria over the past 40 years discloses remarkable changes in their specific etiology and management. These organisms were responsible for disease in the preantibiotic era but at a much lower frequency than at present, and fatality rates were generally high. Bacteria such as Pseudomonas and Serratia, now relatively commonly involved in infection, rarely, if ever, caused disease before antibiotics became available. Although often present in surgical wounds, these organisms clearly were colonizers rather than pathogens. It is clear that the use of potent antimicrobial agents has been responsible for a general decrease in the fatality rates associated with gram negative bacterial infections. However, it is evident that their use has been involved in the development of potentially lethal complications not seen in the past. Factors presently recognized as playing important roles in the problems associated with the treatment of gram-negative bacterial infections are the increasing number of older and sometimes debilitated patients and the longer survival of individuals with tumors or leukemia who, because of immunosuppression due to disease or treatment, are highly susceptible to invasion by almost any organism. Factors that have increased the magnitude of the problem of treatment of gram-negative bacterial infections include an increasing frequency of bacterial resistance to one or more antibiotics and a tendency of physicians to use more than one drug, sometimes as many as three or four, to treat gram negative bacterial infections, especially in immunosuppressed people. Such polypharmacy is responsible for the development of suprainfections, some of which are caused by organisms very difficult to eradicate. PMID- 3909311 TI - Problems and changing patterns of resistance with gram-negative bacteria. AB - Throughout the antibiotic era, the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria has paralleled the development of new antimicrobial agents. As a result of selection pressures and invasive techniques that prolong the lives of seriously ill hospital patients, gram-negative bacilli have become the dominant causes of nosocomial infection. These microorganisms produce a diversity of antibiotic inactivating enzymes. Moreover, the cell envelope of gram-negative bacteria provides a series of barriers that keep antibiotics from reaching their targets. Resistance factors can be transmitted among bacteria of different genera and species, thus conferring multidrug resistance. These problems continue to challenge scientists to better understand resistance mechanisms and to develop new compounds to circumvent them. PMID- 3909312 TI - Nosocomial infections due to gram-negative bacilli in compromised hosts: considerations for prevention and therapy. AB - Compromised patients are predisposed to the acquisition of the more resistant gram-negative bacilli from the hospital environment. In compromised hosts, infection due to gram-negative bacilli is almost always nosocomial, a result of the severity of the underlying disease and of frequent and/or prolonged hospitalization. At present, only careful handwashing by hospital personnel and diets with low microbial content for patients can minimize colonization in hospitalized compromised patients. The level of colonization by gram-negative bacilli can also be reduced by administering effective antibiotics to the oropharyngeal area by aerosol or orally. PMID- 3909313 TI - Management of infections caused by gram-negative bacilli: the role of antimicrobial combinations. AB - Treatment with antimicrobial combinations is generally used to provide broad spectrum coverage and/or to enhance antimicrobial activity (synergism). Extensive in vitro documentation of synergism exists for many such combinations, but an obvious benefit has been difficult to demonstrate clinically. Several types of therapeutically useful combinations often result in synergism; these combinations include a cell wall-active agent with an aminoglycosidic aminocyclitol, a beta lactamase inhibitor with a beta-lactam antibiotic, and agents that inhibit sequential steps in a metabolic pathway. Combinations of beta-lactam antibiotics may be synergistic by means of several mechanisms, but such combinations have significant potential for antagonism when used against gram-negative bacilli and, thus, must be evaluated closely before clinical use. PMID- 3909314 TI - Treatment of infections due to gram-negative bacilli: a perspective of past, present, and future. AB - Bacteremia due to gram-negative rods is a disease of the antimicrobial era. Mortality is critically related to the presence of underlying disease and to the appropriateness of therapy. During the last 15 years, survival has significantly improved for patients who have severe underlying disease and who are treated with aminoglycosides and beta-lactam agents possessing antipseudomonal activity. Newer broad-spectrum beta-lactam agents offer considerable therapeutic promise, but clinical results have been disappointing in serious infections caused by Enterobacter and Serratia species and a number of the "nonfermenting" bacilli, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A number of major problems exist in interpreting open or comparative clinical trials. Treatment of the critically ill patient with sepsis due to gram-negative bacteria will remain the definitive test of efficacy of any new broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent. PMID- 3909315 TI - Discovery and development of the monobactams. AB - A novel procedure designed to detect naturally occurring beta-lactam-containing molecules led to isolation of the monobactams - structurally unique, bacterially produced, monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotics. Although none of these monobactams exhibited impressive antimicrobial activity, side-chain variation - as with the penicillins and cephalosporins - resulted in potently active compounds. Aztreonam was chosen from hundreds of compounds for extended laboratory studies. In addition to a unique chemical structure, aztreonam has biologic properties that are unique in comparison with those of the classical penicillins and cephalosporins. Aztreonam is relatively inactive against gram-positive bacteria and anaerobes but is extremely effective against aerobic gram-negative bacteria, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The drug is highly resistant to enzymatic hydrolysis by beta-lactamases, particularly those known to be mediated by R plasmids, and is a poor inducer of chromosomal beta-lactamases. In the majority of drug combinations tested, aztreonam exhibits additive or synergistic activity. In a series of animal-model infections, the drug showed a high degree of efficacy that was consistent with findings in studies in vitro. In a hamster model for Clostridium difficile-induced pseudomembranous colitis, aztreonam did not induce any significant changes. PMID- 3909316 TI - Aztreonam: antibacterial activity, beta-lactamase stability, and interpretive standards and quality control guidelines for disk-diffusion susceptibility tests. AB - In vitro activity of aztreonam was compared with that of ceftazidime, cefotaxime, cefoperazone, piperacillin, and ticarcillin against 656 representative bacterial pathogens. Aztreonam was not active against gram-positive cocci but was as active as the third-generation cephalosporins against the Enterobacteriaceae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Additional data for 5,262 gram negative bacilli isolated in four separate medical centers documented the low incidence of resistance to aztreonam; 97.2% of 4,312 isolates of Enterobacteriaceae and 79% of 854 isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were inhibited by less than or equal to 8.0 micrograms of aztreonam/ml. Additional studies confirmed the stability of aztreonam in the presence of seven different beta-lactamases. For disk-diffusion susceptibility tests, 30-micrograms disks are recommended, with interpretive breakpoints of less than or equal to 15 mm for resistance (MIC greater than or equal to 32 micrograms/ml), 16-21 mm for intermediate susceptibility (MIC, 16 micrograms/ml), and greater than or equal to 22 mm for susceptibility (MIC less than 8.0 micrograms/ml). For quality control of tests with 30-micrograms disks, zone-size limits for Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) should be 28-36 mm and those for P. aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) should be 23 29 mm. PMID- 3909317 TI - Clinical pharmacology of aztreonam in healthy recipients and patients: a review. AB - Serum and urinary concentrations of aztreonam after 0.5-g, 1-g, and 2-g doses are potentially therapeutic in patients with infections due to susceptible gram negative organisms. Aztreonam is widely distributed at significant levels in body fluids and tissues. Levels exceeding the minimal inhibitory concentrations for most important gram-negative pathogens are attained in those anatomic locations in which infections are usually found. Aztreonam is eliminated primarily in the urine in unchanged form, although it is also secreted into the bile. The drug is also metabolized to a minor extent to an open-ring compound that is excreted in the urine and feces. No clinically noteworthy interactions have been found between aztreonam and cephradine, clindamycin, gentamicin, metronidazole, nafcillin, probenecid, or furosemide. The elimination of aztreonam may be significantly impaired by renal insufficiency; the dosage must be modified in patients with creatinine clearance rates of less than 30 ml/min. The monobactam can be eliminated efficiently by hemodialysis but to only a minor extent by peritoneal dialysis. Parenterally and orally administered aztreonam can selectively reduce the numbers of aerobic gram-negative bacteria in feces without notably altering the numbers of anaerobic organisms. PMID- 3909318 TI - Selective decontamination of the digestive tract with oral aztreonam and temocillin. AB - Selective decontamination of the digestive tract by antimicrobial drugs with limited spectra of antibacterial activity has been reported to reduce the risk of superinfection and cross-infection in immunocompromised hosts by leaving the flora responsible for colonization resistance (largely anaerobic) intact. Aztreonam, a monobactam, and temocillin, a beta-lactam antibiotic, are possible candidates for use in selective decontamination of the digestive tract because of their specific activity against gram-negative bacteria. When these drugs were administered orally to mice, low dosages (0.016-1.13 mg per day) did not significantly affect colonization resistance. In volunteers, the indigenous flora either was not affected or was only minimally affected by orally administered aztreonam (20 mg and 100 mg every 8 hr). Intramuscular temocillin also was effective. However, in a small number of subjects inactivation (most likely enzymatic) of these antibiotics occurred in the bowel. Both drugs can be considered serious candidates for use in the selective decontamination of the digestive tract in granulocytopenic patients. PMID- 3909319 TI - Comparative evaluation of aztreonam in therapy for experimental bacterial meningitis and cerebritis. AB - Aztreonam (SQ 26,776), a new monocyclic beta-lactam agent, was compared with several frequently used antibiotics in therapy for three types of experimental meningitis in rabbits and for experimental Escherichia coli cerebritis in rats. Aztreonam was highly active against common gram-negative meningeal pathogens in vitro (all minimal bactericidal concentrations less than or equal to 0.125 microgram/ml), including ampicillin-sensitive and ampicillin-resistant strains of Haemophilus influenzae, E. coli, and meningococci. In both rabbits and rats, serum concentrations of all antibiotics evaluated closely approximated concentrations found in humans receiving standard parenteral regimens. The percent penetration of aztreonam into purulent rabbit cerebrospinal fluid was 23%. In experimental meningitis, aztreonam was more rapidly bactericidal than ampicillin in meningitis due to ampicillin-sensitive H. influenzae, than ampicillin or chloramphenicol in meningitis due to ampicillin-resistant H. influenzae, and than gentamicin in meningitis due to E. coli. Aztreonam also reduced concentrations of E. coli in rat brain as rapidly as did gentamicin during therapy for experimental cerebritis, the early stage of brain abscess formation. PMID- 3909320 TI - Pneumonia caused by gram-negative bacilli: an overview. AB - Colonization of the oropharynx by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and enteric gram negative bacilli in acutely ill or debilitated patients, alcoholics, diabetics, and persons with chronic bronchitis may lead to pneumonia. Although gram staining of sputum may provide immediate etiologic clues, the diagnosis is proven only by isolation of the pathogen from blood or pleural fluid or by various invasive techniques since expectorated specimens from highly susceptible patients are often contaminated with aerobic gram-negative bacilli colonizing the oropharynx. However, restricting the definition of cases to those involving empyema or bacteremia results in an underestimation of incidence. Combination therapy with a beta-lactam antibiotic plus an aminoglycoside is commonly recommended for gram negative bacillary pneumonia because (1) the patients involved are usually debilitated and immunocompromised; (2) mortality is high; and (3) the spectrum of antibacterial activity is increased, emergence of resistance may be retarded, and synergistic activity may result. For example, a third-generation cephem antibiotic plus an aminoglycoside can be used for initial treatment of community acquired gram-negative bacillary pneumonia, and piperacillin or azlocillin plus amikacin can be used for initial treatment of nosocomial infection in which P. aeruginosa or some other antibiotic-resistant gram-negative bacillus is more likely to be involved. PMID- 3909321 TI - Comparison of aztreonam and tobramycin in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections caused by gram-negative bacilli. AB - A comparison of aztreonam and tobramycin was carried out in 49 hospitalized patients with lower respiratory tract infections caused by gram-negative bacilli. Patients were randomly assigned to the treatment drug. Clindamycin was given concomitantly until the pathogen was identified and the presence of a gram positive microorganism was ruled out. Samples of sputum were obtained for culture from the lung parenchyma by deep expectoration or transtracheal aspiration. A pathogen was defined as an organism that showed heavy growth and predominated in the culture. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most frequently isolated pathogen, followed by Haemophilus influenzae and Proteus mirabilis. A variety of less common pathogens were represented. Thirty-five patients were treated with intravenous aztreonam (1-2 g every 8 hr) and 14 with intravenous tobramycin (3-5 mg/kg per day) until they were afebrile and sputum cultures had been free of the pathogen for 48 hr. The minimum duration of treatment was five days. In the aztreonam group, only two (5%) of the 37 gram-negative pathogens--one P. aeruginosa and one Escherichia coli--persisted. In the tobramycin group, seven (50%) of the 14 pathogens persisted. Clinical response paralleled microbiologic response. Adverse effects in both treatment groups were minor and transient. In this trial aztreonam was effective and safe for treatment of lower respiratory tract infections caused by P. aeruginosa and a variety of other gram-negative bacilli. PMID- 3909322 TI - Treatment of lower respiratory tract infections due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa in patients with cystic fibrosis. AB - Twelve patients who underwent 26 episodes of lower respiratory tract infection due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa were treated with aztreonam. Infectious episodes were severe in 11 patients, moderate in 10 patients, and mild in five patients. In 85% of the episodes, significant clinical improvement occurred, but in four severe episodes, the clinical response was unsatisfactory. The mean interval between initiation of treatment and improvement was seven days. Aztreonam was as clinically effective in the treatment of infections due to organisms susceptible to penicillins active against Pseudomonas as it was in the treatment of infections due to organisms resistant to these agents. P. aeruginosa was not permanently eradicated from the sputum of any of the patients treated with aztreonam. It did not cause any major adverse effects, and the only laboratory abnormality found was an increase in alkaline phosphatase, which occurred during 12 (46%) courses of therapy. Levels of alkaline phosphatase returned to normal after conclusion of treatment. Aztreonam was shown to be clinically effective in the treatment of lower respiratory infections due to P. aeruginosa in patients with cystic fibrosis. PMID- 3909323 TI - Summary of worldwide clinical trials of aztreonam in patients with lower respiratory tract infections. AB - Aztreonam was administered to 226 patients with lower respiratory tract infections--primarily pneumonia (181 patients)--due to gram-negative bacilli. The clinical response rate was 93%, and the microbiologic cure rate was 78%. Most patients received 1-g or 2-g intravenous doses of aztreonam three times daily for at least five days. Ninety-eight of the 226 patients were involved in a randomized comparison of aztreonam with tobramycin; the latter drug was administered to a group of 34 patients. The overall microbiologic cure rates for the two drugs were 86% and 71%, respectively. Aztreonam is effective for the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections due to susceptible gram-negative bacilli. PMID- 3909324 TI - Current problems in antibiotic treatment in obstetrics and gynecology. AB - Recent developments that influence patterns of antibiotic prescription for obstetric-gynecologic patients include a better understanding of the multibacterial dimensions of pelvic infections, the introduction of new antibiotics, and the pressures for cost-containment in medical care. Prophylaxis has become established as effective for prevention of infection following vaginal hysterectomy and cesarean section, but its success in abdominal hysterectomy has been less uniform. For patients with pelvic infections, the poorest clinical response occurs in those whose infection is well established before initiation of therapy. Because gram-negative anaerobic bacteria often are present in such infections, the selection of antibiotics should be based on the susceptibility patterns of the infecting organism(s) and on the ability of the agent to reduce high counts of anaerobic bacteria. Both metronidazole and clindamycin meet these criteria. Controlled studies of infections seen early in the clinical course are few. The initial selection of agents effective against gram-negative anaerobes seems important in the treatment of endomyometritis following cesarean section, whereas curettage seems the most significant therapy for infections following abortion. PMID- 3909325 TI - Role of aerobic gram-negative bacilli in endometritis after cesarean section. AB - Endometritis is considered to be a polymicrobial infection, involving aerobes, anaerobes, and genital mycoplasmas. Aerobic gram-negative rods make up 7%-25% of all genital isolates, but findings from studies in which special collection techniques were used suggest that many of these may be contaminants from the lower genital tract. Bacteremia occurs in 4%-30% of patients with endometritis, and aerobic gram-negative rods account for approximately 25% of blood isolates. Both selected therapy studies and studies of intrauterine cultures collected at surgery from patients at risk for endometritis suggest the significant role of aerobic gram-negative rods. Among them Escherichia coli is the most common isolate in both genital and blood cultures. Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirabilis rank next, followed by Enterobacter species. Pseudomonas species account for fewer than 0.6% of genital isolates. Overall, aerobic gram-negative rods are causally involved in 10%-20% of cases of endometritis following cesarean section. PMID- 3909326 TI - The polymicrobial etiology of acute pelvic inflammatory disease and treatment regimens. AB - Continued research on acute pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) has demonstrated that PID has a rather remarkably varied etiology, the pathogens responsible including Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, aerobic and anaerobic gram-positive and gram-negative organisms, and possibly mycoplasmas. There is clearly no single antimicrobial agent that is effective against all of the organisms implicated in the etiology of acute PID. The aminoglycosides, generally in combination with an antibiotic such as clindamycin, are commonly used in the treatment of patients with acute PID. The combination of a new monocyclic beta lactam antibiotic, aztreonam, and clindamycin may be less toxic and equally or more effective for the treatment of acute PID. PMID- 3909327 TI - Overall clinical experience with aztreonam in the treatment of obstetric gynecologic infections. AB - Gynecologic infections (primarily endometritis and pelvic inflammatory disease) in 73 women were evaluated for clinical and microbiologic response to treatment with aztreonam plus clindamycin or a control regimen. The dosage of aztreonam used most frequently was 1 g three times daily. For 72 of the 73 women, a microbiologic cure and a satisfactory clinical response were achieved. Twenty three of the 73 patients were treated with aztreonam in an open study; all experienced a microbiologic cure and a favorable clinical response. Fifty of the 73 patients treated with aztreonam plus clindamycin were entered into a comparative study that included 38 patients who received gentamicin (3-5 mg/kg per day) plus clindamycin (600 mg three times a day). In 49 (98%) of the aztreonam-treated patients and in 36 (95%) of the gentamicin-treated patients, the causative organism was eradicated, and in 98% and 89% of the patients, respectively, a favorable clinical response was achieved. PMID- 3909328 TI - Intraabdominal infections: an overview. AB - Intraabdominal infections are serious clinical problems that generally occur secondary to endogenous contamination following the interruption of the continuity of the gastrointestinal tract by trauma, intrinsic diseases, or surgery. Appropriate treatment necessitates early diagnosis, the accomplishment of which most frequently requires a specialized radiologic procedure such as computed tomography, followed by surgical drainage and appropriate parenteral antibiotic therapy. Several agents alone or others in combination appear to be equally efficacious in treating these infections, which usually are due to the aerobic and anaerobic constituents of the gastrointestinal microflora. Adjunctive surgical techniques include peritoneal irrigation, debridement, and repair of the damaged viscera. PMID- 3909329 TI - Pharmacokinetics and extravascular penetration of aztreonam in patients with abdominal sepsis. AB - Patients with abdominal sepsis were enrolled in a clinical trial of aztreonam vs. tobramycin. All were given clindamycin concomitantly. The pharmacokinetics of aztreonam in 21 patients randomly assigned to receive treatment with aztreonam are reported. The mean age of these patients was 68 years; most had underlying disorders such as malnutrition and cardiac or pulmonary disease. Creatinine clearance (Clcr) ranged from 11.2 to 133.1 ml/min. The usual dose of aztreonam was 2.0 g every 8-12 hr. A single pharmacokinetic study was performed over one dosing interval after steady-state conditions were achieved. In approximately one half of the patients, peritoneal fluid was collected during the interval between doses. Penetration of aztreonam, as expressed as the ratio of concentration in the peritoneal fluid to that in serum, was higher for aztreonam (0.95:1) than for tobramycin (0.46:1). The ratio of the concentration in peritoneal fluid to the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the infecting bacteria was also higher for aztreonam. Serum pharmacokinetic data were analyzed by both two-compartment and moment analysis. For both the steady-state volume of distribution (Vdss) and total body clearance (TBC), the values determined by both methods were highly correlated (r = .96, .99, respectively). Average values for Vdss and TBC were 0.28 liters/kg and 80 ml/min. TBC for aztreonam correlated strongly with CLcr and was described by the regression equation TBC = 1.1 (Clcr) + 1.6, r = .87, P less than .01. PMID- 3909330 TI - Aztreonam plus clindamycin vs. tobramycin plus clindamycin for the treatment of intraabdominal infections. AB - Sixty-six patients with acute intraabdominal infections due to gram-negative aerobic organisms were treated with aztreonam plus clindamycin or with tobramycin plus clindamycin in a multicenter, comparative, randomized study. The patients had undergone a variety of surgical procedures; most of them had peritonitis. Thirty-three of the 36 patients in the aztreonam group and 26 of the 30 patients in the tobramycin group had satisfactory clinical responses. Only one gram negative aerobic pathogen, a strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, persisted after treatment; the patient involved was in the tobramycin group. The incidences of adverse reactions, superinfections, and abnormal laboratory values were low in each treatment group. The difference between the efficacies of the two regimens was not statistically significant. This study suggests that aztreonam may be a useful alternative to the aminoglycosides in the treatment of gram-negative intraabdominal infections. PMID- 3909331 TI - Overall clinical experience with aztreonam in the treatment of intraabdominal infections. AB - Response to aztreonam (1-2 g administered intravenously three or four times daily) was evaluated in a multiclinic study of 113 patients with intraabdominal infections due to gram-negative aerobic organisms. Appropriate therapy with an antibiotic (usually clindamycin) active against gram-positive and/or anaerobic organisms was administered concomitantly for mixed-pathogen infections. A favorable clinical response and microbiologic cure occurred in 90% of the patients treated. All of the 13 patients with infections due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa responded clinically, and 11 of the 13 patients experienced microbiologic cure. In a comparative study, 59 patients were treated with aztreonam and 56 were treated with tobramycin (3-5 mg/kg per day); 95% of the patients in the aztreonam group and 81% of those in the tobramycin group experienced microbiologic cure. PMID- 3909332 TI - Aztreonam plus vancomycin (plus amikacin) vs. moxalactam plus ticarcillin for the empiric treatment of febrile episodes in neutropenic cancer patients. AB - Aztreonam plus vancomycin (AV), aztreonam plus vancomycin and amikacin (AVA), and moxalactam plus ticarcillin (MT) were compared in an ongoing, randomized, prospective trial of the treatment of febrile episodes in neutropenic patients with cancer. Vancomycin was combined with aztreonam to provide coverage against gram-positive bacteria. Patients with gram-negative bacterial infections who were given AV in effect received single-agent therapy with aztreonam. Overall, AVA was more effective than MT and somewhat more effective than AV in the treatment of 170 documented infections. AV and AVA were each more effective than MT in the treatment of 29 gram-positive infections (response rates of 90%, 80%, and 43%, respectively). The three regimens were equally effective in the treatment of 39 aerobic gram-negative infections (response rates of 88%, 100%, and 100% for AV, AVA, and MT, respectively). Thus far, the addition of amikacin to the AV regimen appears to offer no advantage in the treatment of documented gram-negative infections. PMID- 3909333 TI - Preservation of colonization resistance parameters during empiric therapy with aztreonam in the febrile neutropenic patient. AB - The role of the anaerobic intestinal flora in maintaining colonization resistance was examined in a study of empiric therapy in febrile neutropenic patients who received aztreonam plus tobramycin, aztreonam plus cloxacillin, or moxalactam plus tobramycin, regimens with differential effects on the anaerobic intestinal flora. Surveillance cultures showed that all regimens eradicated fecal carriage of enteric gram-negative bacilli but that fecal acquisition of fungi occurred in 4 (27%) of 15 aztreonam/tobramycin, 6 (43%) of 14 aztreonam/cloxacillin, and 13 (81%) of 16 moxalactam/tobramycin recipients. Fungi were acquired at 11 (22%) of 49 sites in aztreonam/tobramycin, 15 (31%) of 48 sites in aztreonam/cloxacillin, and 28 (54%) of 52 sites in moxalactam/tobramycin recipients. Aztreonam/tobramycin reduced fecal anaerobe counts by less than 1 log10; aztreonam/cloxacillin, by a mean of 2.5 log10; and moxalactam/tobramycin, by 5.1 log10 colony-forming units (cfu)/g of feces by day 10 +/- 3 of therapy. Elimination of the anaerobes was reflected by a reduction in concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in fecal supernatants. Fecal specimens containing greater than or equal to 10(6) cfu of Bacteroides fragilis group organisms/g (dry weight) contained significantly higher concentrations of succinic, propionic, and isobutyric acids. Flat SCFA chromatograms were observed in 90% of fecal samples from which no anaerobes were recovered. Preservation of the anaerobic flora appears critical in the prevention of fungal acquisition in neutropenic patients. PMID- 3909334 TI - Bacteriuria and excess mortality: what should the next steps be? AB - Population studies have been reviewed that demonstrate that bacteriuria confers an increased risk of earlier death and that this risk is greater in older-age groups. Whether this relationship is due to the capacity of bacteria to infect selectively those who are already seriously ill or is a direct consequence of the presence of bacteria remains to be decided. However, studies have already demonstrated that the excess mortality associated with bacteriuria in hospitalized patients with indwelling catheters can be greatly reduced by simple devices that prevent bacteriuria and that this reduction in rates of bacteriuria is accompanied by a corresponding significant decline in associated mortality. The time is therefore right for a large-scale, controlled clinical trial of the effect on mortality of treatment of bacteriuria in older-age populations. However, such a trial cannot be conducted in the manner in which such studies have been conducted in the past--i.e., with a single course of treatment given over a brief time as the only method of therapy. Instead, more individualized treatment will be necessary if the effect of bacteriuria on mortality in the general population is to be investigated in a scientifically sound manner. PMID- 3909335 TI - Aztreonam therapy for complicated urinary tract infections caused by multidrug resistant bacteria. AB - Aztreonam was administered to 145 consecutive patients with complicated urinary tract infections caused by multidrug-resistant, aztreonam-sensitive bacteria. Multidrug resistance was defined by disk diffusion testing as resistance to aminopenicillins and to first- and second-generation cephalosporins, with or without resistance to aminoglycosides. The first 40 assessable patients received 1 g of aztreonam intravenously three times daily for a median period of eight days; the remaining 95 assessable patients received 0.5 g twice daily for a median period of nine days. Fifty-five patients were infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 24 with Escherichia coli, 18 with Serratia marcescens, 13 with Morganella morganii, 12 with Providencia rettgeri, and 10 with Enterobacter species. Bacteriologic cure rates were 98% for the group given 3 g daily and 96% for that given 1 g daily. Minimal and transient adverse reactions occurred with both dosages. PMID- 3909336 TI - Summary of worldwide clinical trials of aztreonam in patients with urinary tract infections. AB - Aztreonam was administered to a total of 681 patients with urinary tract infections due to susceptible gram-negative bacteria; 56 patients received a single 1-g intramuscular dose for acute uncomplicated cystitis, and 625 patients received multiple parenteral doses (usually a five-day course of 1 g two or three times daily) for a variety of urinary tract infections, including pyelonephritis, cystitis, prostatitis, and epididymitis. Microbiologic cure was achieved in 84% of patients in the single-dose study and in 85% of patients in the multiple-dose studies. In the latter studies the microbiologic cure rates for infections with Escherichia coli, the Klebsiella-Enterobacter-Serratia group, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were 87%, 90%, and 76%, respectively. In a comparative study of aztreonam and cefamandole, the overall microbiologic cure rates were 89% and 80%, respectively. Of the 625 patients receiving multiple-dose therapy, 149 had urinary tract infections due to multiply drug-resistant bacteria; among these patients the microbiologic cure rate was 93%. Aztreonam constitutes effective therapy for urinary tract infections due to susceptible gram-negative bacilli. PMID- 3909337 TI - Infections due to gram-negative bacteria: an overview. AB - Infections caused by gram-negative bacteria have continued to be a major problem for hospitalized patients. Malignant necrotizing otitis due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa has been encountered with increasing frequency as the number of older diabetic patients has increased. Nosocomial sinusitis and bacteremia due to Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter species, or P. aeruginosa develop in hospitalized patients. Bacteremia due to E. coli, K. pneumoniae, or P. aeruginosa often follows instrumentation of the urinary, respiratory, or gastrointestinal tracts in the hospitalized patient. Mortality still is excessively high. Infections of skin structure, particularly decubitus ulcers in debilitated, bedridden patients, are due to a mixed gram-negative and anaerobic flora; frequently, P. aeruginosa and Enterobacteriaceae resistant to many older agents are the major pathogens. Similarly, osteomyelitis in patients who have undergone previous surgical procedures is caused by various multiply resistant Enterobacteriaceae and P. aeruginosa. In all of these situations, therapy has usually included an aminoglycoside. The availability of drugs such as aztreonam, which has activity directed at aerobic gram-negative bacilli, provides an alternative approach that has proved successful and can be evaluated in more detail in the coming years. PMID- 3909338 TI - Clinical experience with aztreonam in the treatment of gram-negative bacteremia. AB - Aztreonam was used for the treatment of gram-negative bacteremia in 101 patients. In 34 instances a second antibiotic was prescribed for the treatment of suspected or documented gram-positive or anaerobic infection. The sources of bacteremia were the urinary tract (50 patients), an intraabdominal site (17), the respiratory tract (8), an intravascular site (9), and an unknown site (17). The clinical response rate was 92% (91 of 99 patients). The bacteriologic response rate was 97% (98 of 101 patients). In six of seven patients, Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia was cured. Twelve patients developed superinfection with gram-positive cocci or Candida, and one patient developed diarrhea associated with Clostridium difficile. No other serious toxic effects were noted. PMID- 3909339 TI - Aztreonam therapy for serious gram-negative bacillary infections. AB - Fifty episodes of gram-negative bacillary infection, including episodes of bacteremia, pneumonia, and skin and soft tissue, complicated urinary tract, and abdominal infections, were treated with aztreonam. Eighty-eight percent of patients were cured of their infection, including all nine patients with bacteremia and 15 of 17 patients with pneumonia. Thirty percent of all infections were caused by Pseudomonas, and all of these responded to treatment with aztreonam. A low incidence of toxicity and a high rate of efficacy make treatment with aztreonam as a single agent feasible. When gram-positive or anaerobic organisms were encountered or their presence in the infection was suspected, additional agents effective against these organisms were necessary for cure. PMID- 3909340 TI - Clinical evaluation of aztreonam therapy for serious infections due to gram negative bacteria. AB - Aztreonam--a new, synthetic, monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotic with excellent in vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability--was used for the treatment of 26 serious infections due to gram-negative bacteria in 23 patients: nine cases of bacteremia, one of endocarditis, one of pneumonia, one of septic arthritis, six of osteomyelitis, five of abscess or soft tissue infection, and three of meningitis. The majority of patients had serious underlying disease, and 18 were in critical or poor condition. The mean age of the patients was 62 years, and the mean duration of therapy was 19 days. The clinical condition of all 23 patients improved during therapy; 20 infections were cured according to clinical criteria. Three of the six instances of therapy failure were due to inadequate debridement. No superinfections, resistant pathogens, or significant adverse reactions were seen. Aztreonam was effective and safe for the treatment of serious gram-negative infections. PMID- 3909341 TI - Clinical studies of aztreonam in Japan. AB - Clinical studies of aztreonam were undertaken by 220 investigators in 86 university and general hospitals in Japan. A total of 1,447 patients were treated by investigators in various fields. Satisfactory clinical responses were achieved in 67% of all patients. Efficacy rates by field of specialty were: internal medicine, 67%; urology, 61%; general surgery, 73%; and surgical patients in other fields (obstetrics-gynecology, otorhinolaryngology, and ophthalmology), 78%. Among 364 patients with complicated urinary tract infections, the efficacy rate was 60%. Seventy-four percent of 1,122 gram-negative aerobic organisms were eradicated after treatment with aztreonam. Adverse reactions occurred in 2.1% of patients; none were serious. Mild elevations of serum aminotransferases were observed in approximately 4% of patients for whom test results were reported. In conclusion, aztreonam demonstrated remarkable effectiveness in the treatment of gram-negative infections in hospitalized patients. PMID- 3909343 TI - [Tissue immunopathology methods for the diagnosis of bronchopulmonary diseases]. AB - The authors draw attention to the diagnostic value of tissue immunopathology methods in numerous bronchopulmonary diseases. Having emphasized the strict technical requirements and difficulties of these methods--all obstacles that are necessary for an accurate evaluation of the lesion--they use concrete examples to demonstrate the usefulness of extra-thoracic, skin or muscle biopsies to diagnose some systemic diseases, such as lupus erythematosus or Churg and Strauss syndrome. They also refer to bronchial biopsies which provide information on the aetiology and pathogeny of adult asthma, and to the prognostic and therapeutic value of collagen studies in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. PMID- 3909342 TI - Clinical experience with aztreonam in Germany and Austria. AB - Of 146 hospitalized patients treated with aztreonam for infections, primarily of the urinary and lower respiratory tracts, 142 had a satisfactory clinical response. An initial microbiologic cure was found in 106 (84%) of 126 patients. Relapse, reinfection, or superinfection occurred in 28 patients. Thirty-nine of 43 patients treated with a control drug (gentamicin, cefotaxime, cefamandole, or tobramycin) had a satisfactory clinical response, 25 of 34 such patients showed microbiologic cure, and 12 experienced relapse, reinfection, or superinfection. Short-term perioperative treatment with aztreonam in male patients whose urine was positive for gram-negative organisms was successful for 10 of 11 patients. Pharmacokinetic studies demonstrated that dosage adjustment of aztreonam in geriatric patients should be based on creatinine clearance. No nephrotoxicity was demonstrated in 10 healthy male volunteers. Satisfactory concentrations of aztreonam were found in sputum, vagina, cervix, perimetrium, myometrium, endometrium, parametrium, fallopian tube, fat, muscle, and kidney tissues. PMID- 3909344 TI - [Protected distal aspiration in the identification of pathogenic microorganisms in pneumologic intensive care]. AB - To identify the micro-organisms responsible for bronchopulmonary infections in intensive care patients is an absolute prerequisite to successful treatment. Numerous techniques of specimen collection have been used to facilitate this bacteriological diagnosis. In this study, which involved 27 intensive care patients selected according to various criteria of infection, endotracheal aspiration (a commonly used but not very specific technique) was compared with protected distal brushing under fibroscopy and with protected distal aspiration. The latter method, still seldom used, proved as specific as protected distal brushing (hitherto regarded as the reference method), but it also presents the enormous advantages of being rapid, non-traumatic, devoid of side-effects and easily performed in hospital routine by paramedical staff. PMID- 3909345 TI - [Dental conservatism--the goal--means--results]. PMID- 3909346 TI - [Antimicrobial treatment of infectious endocarditis]. PMID- 3909347 TI - [Pelvic arteriovenous fistulas. Apropos of a case report]. AB - Gynaecological arteriovenous fistulae are a difficult diagnosis and their aetiology is often difficult to determine. The surgical treatment is not always satisfactory and the prognosis can be transformed by means of embolisation. PMID- 3909348 TI - [Premenstrual syndrome and its treatment. The role of progestagens]. PMID- 3909349 TI - [Herpes gestationis]. AB - On the basis of two cases of herpes gestationis, the authors review this rare dermatosis which only occurs during pregnancy. In particular, they emphasise its auto-immune origin. Indirect immunofluorescence can be used to demonstrate the so called herpes gestationis factor (HGF), a heat stable immunoglobulin G (IgG), in the maternal and foetal blood. The maternal prognosis is good and the cutaneous lesions respond well to treatment. The foetal prognosis is also good, however the transplacental transfer of the HGF is associated with a risk of foetal death and neonatal bullous dermatosis. In terms of aetiopathogenesis, the auto-immune HGF factor suggests a hypothesis of sensitisation to placental, foetal and/or paternal antigens under the influence of hormonal factors. PMID- 3909350 TI - [Hemorrhagic necrotic pancreatitis]. PMID- 3909351 TI - [Treatment of acute pancreatitis. An experience]. PMID- 3909353 TI - [The guide to nursing services]. PMID- 3909352 TI - [Historical note: surgical treatment of acute pancreatitis by Dr. Gustavo Baz. 1952]. PMID- 3909354 TI - Semi-precision removable partial dentures--new technology. PMID- 3909355 TI - A new era of productivity for the dental technician waxer. PMID- 3909356 TI - Ringless casting with noble or base metal alloys for greater simplicity, economy and productivity. PMID- 3909357 TI - Custom denture fabrication technic and denture occlusal mounting translator. PMID- 3909358 TI - Pakto--the ceramist's friend. PMID- 3909359 TI - Congenital dysfibrinogenemias. A review. AB - Inherited qualitative abnormalities of fibrinogen have been documented in 144 families. These dysfibrinogenemias have been inherited as autosomal dominant traits and usually are clinically silent, but in some cases are associated with bleeding, thrombosis, or defective wound healing. Dysfibrinogenemias may be associated with defects in any of the three basic steps in the thrombin fibrinogen reaction, i.e., cleavage of the fibrinopeptides by thrombin, polymerization, and fibrin cross-linking. Biochemical studies of several abnormal fibrinogens have demonstrated that the functional defects are the result of single amino acid substitutions. Most of the reported cases may be distinguished by functional criteria and by the physicochemical behavior and biochemical nature of the abnormal protein. PMID- 3909360 TI - [Transplant of autologous bone marrow: indications and results]. PMID- 3909361 TI - [Results of antigenic typing of erythrocytes in a sample of the population of the district of Monza. I. Diallelic systems of erythrocytes: Kell, Lutheran, Duffy, Kidd, P]. PMID- 3909362 TI - [Determination of circulating immune complexes in rheumatoid arthritis: comparison of 2 immunoenzyme methods]. PMID- 3909363 TI - [Plasma and synovial beta-2-microglobulin. Results of a personal study]. AB - Beta-2-microglobulin was assayed in the plasma and the synovial fluid in 41 subjects with mechanical joint disorders, 27 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and 32 patients with non-rheumatoid arthritis. The plasma beta-2-microglobulin may be raised in all forms of joint disease, especially in the course of rheumatoid arthritis, but its ability to discriminate between rheumatoid arthritis and other forms of inflammatory joint disease is poor. In contrast, for the beta-2-microglobulin level in the synovial fluid, the differences in the means are highly significant between rheumatoid arthritis and non-rheumatoid arthritis. Concentrations of beta-2-microglobulin in the synovial fluid greater than 5.2 micrograms/ml, in this study which excluded patients with renal failure, were 100 per cent specific for rheumatoid arthritis and were found in 52 per cent of cases. However, this result has to be interpreted in the light of the fact that any extra-articular cause for an increased plasma beta-2-microglobulin, particularly renal failure, also causes a rise in the synovial concentration, invalidating the test. For this reason, the authors propose using the value of the beta-2-microglobulin in the synovial fluid minus the plasma beta-2 microglobulin, as a more specific index. PMID- 3909364 TI - [New hormonal treatments of metastatic prostatic cancer. Review of the literature]. PMID- 3909365 TI - [Multiple myeloma with 5-year survival. Study of initial prognostic factors. Role of beta-2-microglobulin]. AB - A series of 21 patients with multiple myeloma and a survival of more than 5 years was compared to another series of 70 cases of myeloma, which all died within less than 5 years. The statistical analysis of these two groups revealed six factors with a significant prognostic value. The population with a long term survival presented: a low incidence of large tumour masses (stage III according to Durie and Salmon's classification): 24 per cent compared with 72 per cent p less than 0.01); a frequency on asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic forms of 29 per cent versus 7 per cent in the control series (p less than 0.001); a haemoglobin level of 7.3 mmol/l versus 6.4 mmol/l (p less than 0.01); a low beta-2-microglobulin level (4 mg/l versus 11 mg/l) (p less than 0.02); a usually normal serum creatinine level (p less than 0.05). Retrospectively, the authors also observed that the response to treatment constituted an essential prognostic factor (69 per cent response compared with 20 per cent) (p less than 0.001). The serum calcium, the immunological type, the level of monoclonal component and the marrow plasmocytosis did not differ between the two groups. The authors consider all of these parameters, together with the calcitonin hypocalcaemia test to be useful in three situations: the therapeutic decision in minimally symptomatic patients, the choice between single agent or combination chemotherapy, the establishment of criteria of remission and suspension of treatment. PMID- 3909366 TI - [Malaria in the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil 1980 to 1983]. PMID- 3909367 TI - [Benign tumors and mandibular resection. The place of resection grafts in the treatment of benign tumors of the mandible]. AB - Data were analyzed from case-reports of 80 patients undergoing resection graft procedures for benign mandibular tumors, and operated upon and followed up in the Stomatology and maxillo-facial surgical Unit, Hospital Salpetriere, Paris from 1970 to 1984. In 27 cases surgery was by first intention; in the others it followed one or several previous operations, their multiplicity sensibly affecting the decision to operate and the development of postoperative suppurations. PMID- 3909368 TI - [Posterior iliac donor sites. Should they be considered more often?]. AB - Spongy bone grafts are characterised by their resistance to infection and their great osteogenic potential. These qualities are valuable in facio-maxillary surgery. The anterior superior iliac crest, the usual donor site for cortico spongy bone grafts is unsuitable for the removal of large quantities of spongy bone. The posterior iliac crest, which is used by orthopaedic surgeons, is a rich donor site for spongy bone, which is not generally used by facio-maxillary surgeons. The abundance and quality of the bone obtained, the simplicity of the postoperative course and the relative absence of pain of this site make it a good indication. The change in the operative position should not constitute an obstacle to its use. PMID- 3909369 TI - [The leukocyte adherence inhibition test. I. Standard separation of adherent and sedimented cells]. PMID- 3909370 TI - Diffusion and polymerization determines the insulin absorption from subcutaneous tissue in diabetic patients. AB - In 23 diabetic patients, the disappearance from subcutaneous tissue of 125I labelled short-acting insulin and of 133Xe (measuring subcutaneous blood flow (SBF] were registered simultaneously. Alterations in the SBF were produced either by orthostatic changes or by application of local heat or cold. The insulin absorption rate was related to the SBF in a curvilinear way with an almost linear relation at SBF below 2-3 ml . (min . 100 g)-1, whereas at SBFs above the value the insulin absorption rate increased less than proportional to SBF. Capillary diffusion capacity of the injected insulin was 0.0145-0.0874 ml . (min . 100 g) 1; indicating that insulin is absorbed in a polymeric form. This was supported by studies of insulin diffusion in agar gel at 37 degrees C, showing that insulin in the normal pharmacological concentration diffuses as a molecule of about 46,000 MW. In conclusion, the absorption of short-acting soluble insulin is curvilinearly related to the SBF. This can be explained by a diffusion-limited transport of insulin in the interstitial space, and increasing transcapillary transport of insulin at increasing blood flow rates caused by recruitment of capillaries, thus increasing exchange surface area and decreasing diffusion distance. PMID- 3909371 TI - Fasting plasma C-peptide levels in health and impaired glucose tolerance: relations to blood glucose and relative body weight. AB - Pancreatic B-cell function was studied as part of a health control examination by measuring fasting plasma C-peptide concentration in 433 44-55 year-old males with normal glucose tolerance. Fasting C-peptide levels were correlated with relative body weight (r = 0.48) and fasting blood glucose concentrations (r = 0.43), yielding a multiple correlation coefficient of 0.56, and the multiple regression equation: FCP (nmol/l) = -0.89 + 0.61 X RBW + 0.16 X FBG (mmol/l). (FCP = fasting plasma C-peptide, RBW = relative body weight, FBG = fasting blood glucose). In 26 subjects with impaired glucose tolerance, fasting plasma C-peptide levels were even more strongly correlated with relative body weight (r = 0.63) and fasting blood glucose concentrations (r = 0.47). Subjects older than 52 years had a significantly higher fasting C-peptide level than younger subjects (p less than 0.01). In the 26 subjects with impaired glucose tolerance, fasting plasma C peptide levels were not significantly different from those in the 433 men with normal glucose tolerance. However, when compared to a group with normal glucose tolerance matched for relative body weight, the subjects with impaired glucose tolerance had an elevated fasting blood glucose level (p less than 0.01) without difference in C-peptide level, suggesting a reduced insulin sensitivity. It is concluded that, in order to evaluate B-cell secretory function by determining fasting plasma C-peptide concentration, the relative body weight and simultaneous blood glucose concentration should be taken into consideration. PMID- 3909372 TI - Evaluation of insulin release and relative peripheral resistance with use of the oral glucose tolerance test: a study in subjects with normoglycaemia, glucose intolerance and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. AB - With use of 75 g oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs), insulin release and relative peripheral resistance were evaluated in groups of normoglycaemic subjects, subjects with glucose intolerance (GI) and patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Insulin release was expressed as the total area under the insulin curve (AUCI) and as the area under the insulin curve above the fasting insulin level (delta AUCI). The insulin response to glucose was expressed as the ratio of the area under the insulin curve to that of the glucose curve above fasting levels (delta AUCI/delta AUCG). The glucose uptake rate during the OGTT (M) was measured as the difference between the glucose load and the increase of the amount of glucose in the glucose space after, compared to before, the OGTT. The relative peripheral resistance against glucose uptake promoting factors (rel-R) was expressed as 1/M. With application of these indices in the non-obese groups, there was an increased mean total insulin release (AUCI, delta AUCI) while the mean insulin response to glucose (delta AUCI/delta AUCG) was decreased in GI-subjects compared with normoglycaemic subjects. The mean relative peripheral resistance (rel-R) was higher in GI-subjects than in normoglycaemics. Mean values of AUCI and delta AUCI were decreased (lower than in the normoglycaemics, NS), mean values of delta AUCI/delta AUCG were further decreased and mean values of rel-R were further increased in the NIDDM-groups compared with the GI-group. Insulin release was delayed in GI and NIDDM. Obese normal and obese GI-subjects with similar rel-R values as the corresponding non obese normal and non-obese GI-subjects, had higher mean values of insulin release than the non-obese counterparts. Thus, it seemed possible to use a technique in general use, the OGTT, with a partly new approach to simultaneously obtain indices for insulin release and relative peripheral resistance, which may have clinical applicability. PMID- 3909373 TI - A new H+ suppressor: RP 40 749 versus placebo and cimetidine. Ambulatory 48-hour intragastric pH monitoring in normal men. AB - Six normal male test persons had nasogastric glass electrodes placed in the antrum for four periods of 48 h each, separated by wash-out periods of 9 days. The electrodes were connected to a portable pH-monitoring system enabling continuous pH recording and storing during and after four different drug or placebo treatments arranged in a double-blind, cross-over experimental design. Data were read out and stored in a computer for later analysis. RP 40 749, a new gastric acid secretion inhibitor acting within the parital cell, raised the median 24-h intragastric pH significantly not only during medication but also during the day after its discontinuation. It also proved to be a significantly more potent H+ suppressor than cimetidine. The same was true for inhibition of nocturnal intragastric acidity, for which cimetidine seemed comparably ineffective. The efficacy of RP 40 749 is comparable to that of omeprazole. PMID- 3909374 TI - Ulcer healing and relapse prevention by ranitidine in peptic ulcer disease. AB - Ranitidine, 300 mg daily, was given to 92 patients with duodenal ulcer (DU), 38 with prepyloric ulcer (PPU), and 21 with gastric corporeal ulcer (GCU). The healing rates at 4 weeks differed for the different types of ulcers (P less than 0.01), being 91% for DU, 68% for PPU, and 81% for GCU. After established ulcer healing, maintenance treatment with either ranitidine, 100 mg twice daily or 150 mg at night, or placebo was given for 1 year or until ulcer relapse in a total of 108 patients--71 with DU, 24 with PPU, and 13 with GCU. There were no significant differences in relapse rates between the two groups treated with active drug or between the three ulcer groups. However, the overall relapse rate in the active drug groups was 16%, against 72% in the placebo group (P less than 0.001). PMID- 3909375 TI - Serum antibodies to gliadin and small-intestinal morphology in dermatitis herpetiformis. A controlled clinical study of the effect of treatment with a gluten-free diet. AB - Serum gliadin antibodies of the IgA and IgG classes were determined by the diffusion-in-gel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 41 patients with dermatitis herpetiformis before treatment with a gluten-free diet. Increased gliadin antibody levels were found more frequently in patients with subtotal villous atrophy (9 out of 17 patients, or 53%; p less than 0.05) than in patients with partial villous atrophy (2 out of 13 patients, or 15%) or normal villous appearance (2 out of 10 patients, or 20%). The gliadin antibody levels were negatively correlated with the urinary xylose excretion (r = -0.40, p less than 0.02 for the IgA class and r = -0.64, p less than 0.001 for the IgG class). Intestinal morphology improved and mean gliadin antibody levels of the IgA and IgG classes decreased during treatment with a gluten-free diet for 16-36 months (mean, 20 months) (p less than 0.005, n = 26), whereas no significant changes of the gliadin antibody levels or the small-intestinal morphology were observed in the other 15 patients, who continued on a non-restricted diet for 17-35 months (mean, 20 months). Thus, gliadin antibody levels in sera from patients with dermatitis herpetiformis seem to be correlated with the severity of the intestinal disease. However, all patients with villous atrophy are not detected by determination of serum gliadin antibodies. PMID- 3909376 TI - Cyclosporin A pretreatment of both donor and recipient undergoing allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. AB - 51 patients received allogeneic marrow from histocompatible and MLR non-reactive siblings. Post-transplantation methotrexate was associated with acute refractory graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in 10/23 (43%) and caused death in 6. When cyclosporin was substituted for the methotrexate fulminating GVHD occurred in 2/28 (28%): both responded to methylprednisolone. When both donor and recipient were pretreated with cyclosporin GVHD of only mild degree developed in 6/20 (30%): 2 responded rapidly to methylprednisolone and in the remaining 4 mild cutaneous lesions persisted. The latter regimen was associated with no donor morbidity and approximately 50% of the recipients had easily reversible renal dysfunction. Thus, cyclosporin A appears to marginally reduce the incidence of acute GVHD and to facilitate response when additional methylprednisolone is required: additional pretreatment of the donor appears to reduce the severity of the acute syndrome. In none of these regimens was a beneficial effect observed on de novo GVHD. PMID- 3909377 TI - Diagnostic approaches to schizotypal personality disorder: a historical perspective. AB - The goal of this article is to provide a historical perspective on the DSM-III concept of schizotypal personality disorder. It is argued that two major traditions have influenced our conceptualization of this diagnostic entity. The first or familial approach emphasizes the characteristic traits found in the deviant but nonpsychotic relatives of schizophrenics. The second or clinical approach focuses on patients who appear to demonstrate the fundamental symptoms of schizophrenia without psychotic symptoms or severe personality deterioration. A review of these two traditions concludes that while similar in some regards, they also differ in important ways in their views on the characteristics of the true "schizotype." The impact of these two traditions is then traced through the Danish Adoption Studies of Kety et al. to the development of the DSM-III criteria for schizotypal personality by Spitzer, Endicott, and Gibbon. Finally, the article reviews recent studies on the validity of specific criteria for schizotypal personality disorder (SPD) and reassesses the conceptual issue about the nature of the relationship of SPD to schizophrenia on the one hand and to other personality disorders on the other. PMID- 3909378 TI - Relationship of schizotypal personality disorder to schizophrenia: genetics. AB - The adoptive, family, and twin studies show that schizotypal personality features are found among the relatives of schizophrenics. However, it has not been shown that there is a higher risk of schizophrenia among the relatives of schizotypals. An explanation may be that the current DSM-III criteria of schizotypal personality disorder do not adequately define schizotypals genetically related to schizophrenia. While some of the cases that meet DSM-III criteria are within the schizophrenia spectrum, others are unrelated to schizophrenia. There is reason to believe that schizotypals characterized by distant relationship to others, suspiciousness, eccentricity, peculiar communication, and dysfunctional school and work performance are within the schizophrenic sphere, while individuals with psychotic-like symptoms phenomenologically similar to schizophrenia and diagnosed as schizotypal personality disorders in DSM-III represent decompensation of other personality disorders. PMID- 3909380 TI - Immunoperoxidase assay for anti-dsDNA antibodies using Crithidia luciliae substrates. AB - In studies on 779 fresh, unselected ANA+ sera, 50 (6.4%) were found to have anti dsDNA antibodies, by using CIP (C. luciliae immunoperoxidase), and 84% of the 50 patients met the criteria for definite SLE. After freezing 36 of these sera for 13 +/- 1 months, only 52.8% were again positive by CIP. Using CIF (C. luciliae immunofluorescence), 16.7% and 52.8% of the same stored sera were anti-dsDNA+, with transmitted and epi-illumination, respectively. We favour CIP to CIF because: slide files are permanent, overcoming any lability of antibodies in frozen sera; kinetoplast, flagellum and nucleus are easily distinguished; perikinetoplast staining is avoided; specialized microscopic equipment is not needed. PMID- 3909379 TI - Selenium treatment in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - A low selenium level has been reported in rheumatoid arthritis and juvenile chronic arthritis. Selenium is an essential part of the enzyme glutathione peroxidase, which catabolizes peroxides, compounds which are suggested to be of pathogenetic importance in rheumatic diseases. To assess a possible antirheumatic effect of selenium, 40 patients with active RA were included in a 6-month double blind clinical study of selenium versus placebo. The patients in the selenium group were given daily supplements of 256 micrograms selenium in selenium enriched yeast. Although concentrations of selenium in serum and erythrocytes increased considerably, no significant antirheumatic effect of selenium could be demonstrated. PMID- 3909381 TI - Trochanteric bursitis. Treatment by corticosteroid injection. AB - Thirty-six cases of simple trochanteric bursitis were evaluated, particular in regard to corticosteroid injections. The syndrome was mostly chronic, prevalent in older females, interspersed with other diseases. Diagnostic criteria are purely clinical. One or two local corticosteroid injections gave excellent response in two-thirds, improvement in the remaining cases. One-fourth relapsed in 2 years. Trochanteric bursitis should always be considered in hip pain syndromes, as it is so easily relieved. PMID- 3909382 TI - Heart transplantation in Norway. One-year experience. AB - Eight patients underwent orthotopic heart transplantation in Norway during 1984, with retransplantation in one case. The age range of the 5 men and 3 women was 19 53 years. The preoperative diagnosis was cardiomyopathy in 6 patients, ischaemic heart disease in one, and a combination of the two disorders in one patient. The immunosuppressive regimen, with cyclosporin A and low-dose prednisolone, and the treatment of graft rejection, followed the Stanford University protocol. There was no operative mortality. Three patients died shortly after the transplantation, 2 of them after about a week from acute rejection; in one of these 2 cases a second transplant was made, but was followed by pulmonary and renal complications. The third death occurred about 10 weeks postoperatively, from donor heart failure due to Toxoplasma myocarditis. The 5 survivors are clinically in good condition. PMID- 3909383 TI - [What can be expected today from long-term anticoagulation for cardiac and arterial thrombosis?]. AB - Appropriate long-term oral anticoagulation prevents cardiogenic thromboembolism to a large extent in patients with artificial heart valves, rheumatic heart disease, myocardiopathy, atrial fibrillation of non-rheumatic origin, sick sinus syndrome, cardiac aneurysm, and in the exceptional cases of mitral valve prolapse with thromboembolic complications. In arterial thrombosis, oral anticoagulation remains a controverted, probably because a much higher intensity would be needed to achieve the same degree of effectiveness. With target prothrombin times between 3.5 and 4 International Normalized Ratios (INRs) and a compliance of the INRs with the range of 2.5-5 INRs for greater than or equal to 80%, cardiogenic thromboemboli can be prevented in approximately 95% whereas only about two thirds of the cases of recurrent coronary thrombosis can be avoided. The intensity and stability of treatment needed in cardiovascular thrombosis involve a considerable risk of bleeding, but--as shown by the results of the Dutch Sixty Plus Reinfarction Study--intracranial haemorrhages are more than compensated for by the prevention of cerebrovascular thromboembolic events. Appropriate administration of oral anticoagulation requires painstaking laboratory and therapeutic control, the former being based on continuous quality assessment and strict standardization of the prothrombin time. Therapeutic control consists of continuous patient education and adequate dosage regulation. Similar to the situation prevailing for hemophilia patients, an organization must be available to which long-term anticoagulated patients can apply for expert advice. In The Netherlands, an organization has been built up on a voluntary basis, called Federation of Thrombosis Centres, meeting this requirement and covering more than 90% of the country. PMID- 3909384 TI - Chromosomal abnormalities in acute leukemia. AB - Clonal chromosome abnormalities are now detected in 65-85% of patients with acute leukemia. The specific chromosome abnormalities seen in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia (ANLL) generally differ and in both diseases are associated with specific clinical and hematologic features. Moreover, in both ALL and ANLL karyotype has been found to be an independent prognostic factor predicting achievement of complete remission and its duration, as well as survival, even when other risk factors are considered. Consequently, chromosome analysis is required in all newly diagnosed patients with ALL and ANLL. PMID- 3909385 TI - [Quantitative determination of human bone marrow T cells following in vitro depletion by Campath-1 monoclonal antibody]. AB - Bone marrow T cell depletion is an effective graft vs host disease prophylaxis in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Standard methods of identifying T cells are not sensitive enough to determine small numbers of residual T cells following T cell depletion. A rapid and sensitive method, using limiting dilution culture technology and radionucleotide labelling and allowing the detection of 1/10(4) 1/10(5) residual T cells, has been developed. Its usefulness in the evaluation of the number of T cells after monoclonal antibody (Campath-1) + autologous complement marrow treatment is demonstrated. PMID- 3909386 TI - [Autologous bone marrow transplantation--clinical experience in Berne]. AB - Autologous bone marrow transplantation was performed in 28 pediatric and adult patients with various neoplasias. Long-term remissions were obtained in one patient with yolk sac tumor and in 9 patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The relapse rate was decreased in patients receiving in-vitro decontaminated marrow (anti-Y 29/55 and complement). PMID- 3909388 TI - [Intensive treatment and autologous bone marrow transplantation in cases of leukemias and lymphomas in relapse]. AB - This study shows that autologous bone marrow transplantation is feasible and can produce a high proportion of complete remission in otherwise resistant tumors. Although most responses are of short duration, they suggest that long-term disease free survival could be achieved in patients treated earlier in the disease course. PMID- 3909387 TI - [Transplantation of allogeneic bone marrow treated in vitro with Campath-1 monoclonal antibody]. AB - 5 patients underwent bone marrow transplantation for severe aplastic anemia (2) and acute leukemia (ALL) in first remission (3). Graft versus host disease prophylaxis was performed by depleting T lymphocytes in the donor bone marrow with the rat monoclonal Campath-1 and autologous complement. In addition, patients received cyclosporin A. Engraftment occurred normally in all 5 patients but 1 patient (SAA) had a late graft failure. Two patients suffered mild degrees of GvHD. All patients are currently in complete remission, one having undergone a second transplantation. PMID- 3909389 TI - [In vivo detection of alloreactive T cells of host origin after rejection of HLA identical allogeneic bone marrow transplant]. AB - Rejection and graft vs host disease after HLA-identical allogeneic bone marrow transplantation are probably due to in-vivo T-cell reactivity against non-MHC antigens. Peripheral blood lymphocytes from a patient transplanted for aplastic anemia have been obtained during graft failure and tested for their alloreactivity towards unrelated and marrow donor lymphocytes. Their caryotype was determined. Our results demonstrate (1) alloreactive T cells of host origin and (2) the presence of donor-specific host cells in vivo, providing evidence for rejection following in vivo sensitization to non-MHC antigens. PMID- 3909390 TI - [Rest and effort hemodynamics during long-term treatment of dilated and ischemic cardiomyopathy with captopril]. AB - In the present study 13 patients with severe chronic heart failure were investigated by right heart catheterization at rest and during handgrip before and 6 months after treatment with captopril (mean dose 2 X 37.5 mg per day). Before initiating captopril therapy all patients were clinically stable on digitalis and diuretics. During the observation period 3 patients died suddenly. Of the remaining cases, 5 had dilated cardiomyopathy and 5 ischemic heart disease. After 6 months, resting hemodynamic measurements changed as follows: systemic vascular resistance decreased from 1594 to 1284 dyn X sec X cm-5 (p less than 0.005), left ventricular end-diastolic pressure decreased from 17 to 10 mm Hg (p less than 0.01) and stroke volume index increased from 32 to 40 ml/m2 (p less than 0.05). Before captopril, 9 patients showed no increase or even a decrease of stroke work index during isometric exercise, whereas after captopril 5 out of the 10 patients showed an increase in stroke work index. The results demonstrate that, in patients with severe chronic heart failure, long-term afterload reduction with captopril is accompanied by a significant improvement in left ventricular performance at rest. Furthermore, during isometric exercise after captopril an improvement in left ventricular function was found in 5 out of 10 patients. PMID- 3909391 TI - [Reduction of regurgitation in aortic and mitral insufficiency by captopril in acute and long-term trials]. AB - Afterload reduction is an accepted therapeutic principle in the management of acute aortic (Ai) and mitral insufficiency (Mi). The question whether acute and chronic converting-enzyme inhibition by captopril has a beneficial hemodynamic effect in chronic Ai and Mi has been investigated in 17 patients with Ai and 10 with Mi. Ejection and regurgitation fraction (RF) were measured by radionuclide ventriculography (RNV) before, after 25 mg captopril and after 3-5 months of long term treatment. The humoral response of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) was quantified by analysis of angiotensin I and II. Captopril lowered under acute and chronic treatment RF in Ai and Mi by 32%. Angiotensin II levels decreased by the same order of magnitude. Acute and chronic vasodilation was followed by a distinct but well tolerated fall in blood pressure, especially in patients with Mi. These favourable hemodynamic effects of captopril make this therapy an adjunct but not an alternative to valve replacement. PMID- 3909392 TI - [Allergic desensitization: review of controlled clinical trials]. AB - Allergic desensitization is still a subject of controversy. Several controlled studies have demonstrated its efficacy in allergy to hymenoptera venoms and in hayfever; results obtained in hypersensitivity to house dust mites, animal danders and molds are still controversial and those obtained with mixtures of various allergens and bacterial extracts have been most often negative. In the 80's, a new type of allergen preparation has become available in which the allergen content (and not only the protein content) is well determined ("standardized extract"). The use of this new type of preparation should allow a better quantitative approach to allergologic investigations, which are very useful for assessment of the desensitization value. PMID- 3909393 TI - [Radiology of spondylodiskitis]. AB - Current radiological techniques for the diagnosis of spinal osteomyelitis are plain-films (and tomography), scintigraphy, ultrasonography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. The authors describe the semiology of each one, define their respective limits and complementary character, and propose a strategy adapted to individual clinical situations. PMID- 3909394 TI - [Changes in the physicochemical properties of a dental alloy during vacuum tempering prior to making the metal-ceramic join]. PMID- 3909395 TI - [Reproduction of details of elastomer impression materials--a scanning electron microscopic analysis]. PMID- 3909396 TI - [Qualification and quality control in sonography]. AB - On the basis of guidelines issued by the Kassenarztliche Vereingung Hessen, some criteria for the application of sonographic examinations are presented. Minimal requirements for sonographic equipment in certain specialties are mentioned, and it is pointed out how not only case history and clinical examination but also one's own sonographic evidence are important for a accurate sonographic diagnosis. PMID- 3909397 TI - [Quality assurance in ultrasound diagnostic equipment in West Germany. Experiences with current regulations]. AB - Since 1980, the Health Service (KBV) of the FRG has introduced regulations for quality assurance of diagnostic ultrasound equipment. This step was taken to limit overshooting expansion of echography and Health Service costs. The author describes experiences and problems arising from application of the KBV regulations. Preventing diagnostic ultrasound from developing institutional structures and being included in existing health and safety acts, resulted in a lack of legitimate and qualified structures for quality assurance of the methods. This deficiency of structures also compromises the quality assurance by KV regulations and thus produces an administrative torso. Therefore, in West Germany, the first step to improve quality assurance ought to be to look for appropriate institutions for qualified equipment testing. PMID- 3909398 TI - [Quality control in obstetrical ultrasound diagnosis]. AB - Experience with sonographic pregnancy care have demonstrated the necessity of quality control. Before a person is licensed to take account for sonography he should prove, that he has performed a certain number of examinations and that he is holding a file of documents on these examinations. This certificate should ensure that the fundamental knowledge of foetal sonographic anatomy and biometry as well as of possible signs of foetal malformations have been correctly acquired. As a provisional arrangement until sonography is fully integrated into gynaecological education, an examination by a board would appear to be desirable. PMID- 3909400 TI - Self education for the physician--can it begin in medical school? PMID- 3909399 TI - [Quality assurance of Doppler sonographic procedures]. AB - For new diagnostic procedures, such as Doppler sonography, measures for quality assessment are of particular importance. Certificates are required by the professional authorities attesting adequate training and practical experience. In addition, minimum technical requirements for the equipment are laid down. The scientific associations may give advice in the preparation of training programme. They can also propose suitable trainers and training centres. For the doctor, Doppler sonography is only one link in the chain of the diagnostic procedures for vascular disease. It should only be employed when the investigation is clearly directed and if the user is familiar with the methods concerned. The decision to undertake further diagnostic examinations, which frequently involve risks, and the therapeutic consequences demand clinical experience and the cooperation of the individual clinical disciplines involved. PMID- 3909401 TI - Mutagenicity of chlorinated products from soil humic substances. AB - Soil humic substances were chlorinated in solution, extracted with ether and subjected to mutagenicity assay. Mutagenicity was detected using Salmonella typhimurium TA 100, with or without S9 mix; mutagenic activity was found to be less with added S9 mix. Ether extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and various chlorinated and non-chlorinated compounds were detected, e.g. chlorinated esters, acetones and carboxylic acids, as well as non chlorinated aromatics. The mutagenicity of the major chlorination products was examined. Chloral and 1,1,1,3,3-pentachloro-2-propanone (pentachloroacetone) were found to be mutagenic, and 1,1-dichloro-2-propanone (1,1-dichloroacetone) was a possible mutagen. The yields of these mutagens increased with an increase in chlorine concentration. PMID- 3909402 TI - The humoral immune response of the rheumatoid synovium. PMID- 3909403 TI - Renal complications of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs: identification and monitoring of those at risk. PMID- 3909405 TI - Radiologic review: the rheumatoid cervical spine. AB - We have reviewed the multiplicity of lesions present in the cervical spine in the adult with RA. The clinicoradiographic correlations are presented, and the techniques available for appropriate investigation are suggested. Readily available, conventional radiology provides useful information for the majority of patients. A standardized system of weighting and grading roentgenographic changes would be a welcome area of future research. Myelography and angiography should be considered in every patient before cervical spine surgery. CT evaluation should be reserved for those without a readily appreciable cause for myelopathy and those undergoing cervical surgical procedures. PMID- 3909404 TI - The history of gold therapy in rheumatoid disease. PMID- 3909406 TI - Acupuncture for rheumatoid arthritis: an analysis of the literature. AB - Despite the claims that acupuncture is beneficial in the treatment of stages I and II rheumatoid arthritis (RA), few satisfactory double-blind controlled studies exist. A review of the world literature showed eight studies examining the efficacy of acupuncture in RA. Five studies claim that acupuncture treatments give significant pain relief. Two studies claim that there is no significant difference between real and placebo acupuncture in RA. One study claims that acupuncture has antiinflammatory effects. Analysis of problems related to study design demonstrates that methodological flaws invalidate in varying degrees the broad spectrum of conclusions. The need for a more effective therapeutic armamentarium in the treatment of RA makes it imperative that satisfactory trials of acupuncture for RA be conducted in the future. PMID- 3909407 TI - The skeletal manifestations of clubbing: a study in patients with cyanotic congenital heart disease and hypertrophic osteoarthropathy. AB - The skeletal manifestations of clubbing of the digits have been occasionally noted and only briefly discussed in the literature. We investigated the radiographic features of digital clubbing in 37 patients with diverse diseases including cyanotic congenital heart disease, lung malignancy-associated hypertrophic osteoarthropathy, and idiopathic cases. We identified two types of bone changes--osteolysis or bone dissolution, and bone formation or hypertrophy. The changes were more evident in the feet than in the hands, and the degree of soft tissue change did not always reflect the underlying osseous abnormalities. The relationship of these changes (ie, osteolysis, hypertrophy) to each other appear to depend in part on the underlying disease as well as the time course or disease duration. Thus, clubbing and hypertrophic osteoarthropathy may not represent distinct entities; our data suggest that they may be stages in an evolving, more generalized process of new bone formation or hypertrophy followed by osteolysis or atrophy affecting many parts of the skeleton. PMID- 3909408 TI - Rheumatoid vasculitis: experience with 13 patients and review of the literature. AB - Rheumatoid vasculitis is an uncommon but potentially catastrophic complication of RA. There are few current extensive experiences and no consensus regarding the clinical, laboratory, histologic features, and management or prognosis of rheumatoid vasculitis. We therefore reviewed selected observations in 13 patients followed over the past decade and compared them with patients reported and with results of a survey of North American Rheumatologists. Our patients were seven men and six women (age, 33 to 70 years) who had had active RA for 4 to 36 years. They exhibited sensory neuropathy, mononeuritis multiplex, Felty syndrome, cutaneous lesions, leg ulcers, gangrene, anemia, leukocytosis, eosinophilia, high titers of RF, hypocomplementemia, and CICs or cryoglobulinemia approximately as frequently as other reported patients with rheumatoid vasculitis, but they displayed constitutional symptoms, subcutaneous nodules, ischemic changes, and proteinuria rather less consistently than in other series. These observations were not necessarily as expected by survey respondents. We, as in other series and suggested by survey respondents, tended to select penicillamine or cytotoxic drugs (or plasmapheresis) for patients with mononeuritis, gangrene, or leg ulcers, and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, antimalarials, gold, or penicillamine for sensory neuropathy or digital lesions. Four patients died, two deteriorated, and seven were stable or improved, a finding that was also similar to the experiences of others. Rheumatoid vasculitis is an uncommon, potentially catastrophic syndrome with varying clinico-pathologic features that have different prognostic implications and should be managed individually. PMID- 3909409 TI - Preoperative evaluation of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 3909410 TI - Worldwide clinical safety experience with diclofenac. AB - Data from more than 100,000 patients in foreign and United States trials provide substantial evidence of diclofenac's safety and tolerability. Adverse experiences were infrequent and generally mild or transient. In United States short-term trials, the frequency and severity of side effects compared favorably with rates for placebo, aspirin, and other NSAIDs. The drop-out rate for therapeutic reasons (adverse effects or lack of efficacy) was lower for diclofenac than for any of the comparative treatments. In long-term trials, diclofenac has been taken safely for a year or more. The incidence of adverse experiences reported for older patients (greater than or equal to 65 years) treated with diclofenac did not generally differ from that reported for younger patients. No significant differences in the incidence of hepatic problems were detected between diclofenac and other active treatments in U.S. trials. Finally, foreign post-marketing data on adverse experiences show that diclofenac is one of the safest agents of its kind for the treatment of a broad range of rheumatic conditions. PMID- 3909411 TI - The history of diclofenac. PMID- 3909412 TI - Control of common physical symptoms other than pain in patients with terminal disease. PMID- 3909413 TI - Anesthetic management of cancer pain. AB - Diagnostic and therapeutic nerve blocks are potent tools that can be utilized as one component of the armamentarium in the overall management of cancer pain. With the advent of the multidisciplinary approach to cancer pain management, the appropriate role of nerve blocks should be examined in terms of timing and risk benefit ratio for each individual patient. Improved patient selection, prior utilization of other lower risk techniques, improved understanding of patient goals, and changes in pain experience may result in higher success. The ultimate goal is to provide comfort without sacrificing other functions important to the patient and/or family. PMID- 3909414 TI - The psychiatrist in hospice care: proper use of psychotherapeutic skills and psychotropic medication. PMID- 3909415 TI - Hospice home care: how to get patients home and help them stay there. AB - Home care can be a viable alternative to institution-based care for many patients. Even families who cannot manage the final hours of life and the death event itself may be able to provide a significant portion of terminal care for a patient at home. The necessary components of a system that seeks to support these families should include an interdisciplinary team of care-givers, a complete patient and family assessment, adequate family education, scheduled visits, and 24-hour on-call availability. The essential requirement, however, is the willingness to relinquish varying amounts of control to family members and to include them as equal members on the home care team. PMID- 3909417 TI - Therapeutic options in hairy-cell leukemia. AB - Hairy-cell leukemia is a well-characterized, pathologic disorder. The majority of cases are B lymphocyte in origin with circulating hairy cells, splenomegaly, and, not infrequently, pancytopenia included in the clinical findings. Observation, splenectomy, glucocorticoids (ie, for vasculitic manifestations), and alkylating agents are the currently recommended treatment for this disease. Recombinant interferon alpha may become the treatment of choice for individuals with progressive disease after splenectomy. An understanding of the mechanism of action of recombinant interferon alpha may shed light on the pathways of interferons in general, as well as provide insights into the pathogenesis of this particular proliferative disorder. PMID- 3909416 TI - Recombinant interferon alpha in the treatment of acquired immune deficiency syndrome-related Kaposi's sarcoma. AB - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is more virulent than previously reported cases of KS and affects a much younger population. The cell of origin is lymphatic endothelium, with the histopathology characterized by a proliferation of small vessels with abnormal endothelial cells, extravasated erythrocytes, and spindle-shaped-cell infiltration. Clinical manifestations are pigmented, nodular lesions affecting the skin, mucous membranes, lymph nodes, and/or visceral organs. The head and oral cavity, uncommon sites in other KS populations, are frequently involved. Pain is not an early part of the clinical picture. AIDS-related KS is often widespread and rapidly progressive. However, the cause of death in most cases is attributed to opportunistic infection, which is believed to increase as a result of conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy. Recombinant interferon alpha has been the most thoroughly tested of immune-stimulating or nonimmunosuppressive drugs for the treatment of AIDS-related KS. An objective antineoplastic response rate (25% to 60%) comparable to single-agent chemotherapy with vinblastine or VP-16 has been demonstrated in several trials. Response rates to interferon alpha may be enhanced by such factors as absence of lymphoma-like B symptoms, low levels of circulating acid-labile interferon alpha, and absent history of recent serious infection. Varied drug dose, schedule, and route of administration have been employed; doses equal to or greater than 30 million U/day administered intravenously or intramuscularly appear to give the best results. Daily dosing regimens may induce tolerance for subjective toxicities (eg, fever, asthenia, and anorexia), which are often dose limiting. Direct immune stimulation following treatment with interferon alpha has not been conclusively established, but evidence suggests that respondents have low rates of opportunistic infection. Other recent studies demonstrate interferon alpha inhibiting activity against the AIDS-associated retrovirus in vitro and trials in vivo are in progress to define the clinical relevance of this observation. PMID- 3909418 TI - High-dose therapy and bone marrow transplantation. AB - Toxicity to the bone marrow is a frequent limiting factor in the use of high doses of chemotherapeutic agents. Bone marrow transplantation overcomes the marrow toxicity problem, but it is not protective to other organs. Extensive animal studies have been carried out in the mouse, the rat, rhesus monkeys, and dogs to delineate the dose-limiting toxicity of cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) (CY) therapy. Studies in the dog have shown 100 mg/kg of CY to be lethal with supportive care alone. Dogs given this dose followed by stored autologous marrow recovered after a period of profound pancytopenia and severe gastrointestinal toxicity. This dose of CY also permitted allogeneic engraftment in the dog. Monkeys given up to 200 mg/kg of CY have uneventful hematopoietic recovery, but doses of 240 mg/kg were generally fatal even when stored autologous marrow was infused. Cardiac toxicity was the limiting factor. CY 180 mg/kg was not lethal and permitted successful allogeneic marrow engraftment. CY is successfully used for conditioning leukemia or aplastic anemia patients for bone marrow transplantation. Patients with severe aplastic anemia are conditioned with CY 50 mg/kg on each of four days followed by allogeneic marrow transplantation. Patients undergoing transplantation before transfusion have a long-term survival rate of about 80%. Patients with genetic disorders of the marrow generally have a normocellular or hypercellular marrow, and the preparative regimen must include destruction of the abnormal marrow as well as immunosuppression sufficient to permit engraftment. Patients with thalassemia are treated with dimethylbusulfan 5 mg/kg or busulfan 14 mg/kg followed by CY 50 mg/kg on each of four days. Approximately 100 thalassemia patients have been treated, with a survival rate of approximately 75%. For patients with leukemia, radiotherapy is generally added to the CY conditioning regimen. In the early Seattle studies, 1,000 rad total body irradiation was combined with CY 60 mg/kg on each of two days. There were many early deaths, but some long-term survivors are alive and well 5 to 13 years later. Current regimens involve fractionated total body irradiation and various post-grafting immunosuppressive regimens designed to prevent graft-v-host disease. Complications and problems of current regimens are discussed, and future goals for marrow transplantation are presented. PMID- 3909419 TI - High-dose cisplatin therapy in ovarian cancer. AB - Cisplatin (Platinol) has an important dose-response relationship in ovarian cancer. We have used high-dose cisplatin (40 mg/m2q d X 5) administered in 250 mL 3% saline and 6 L/d of saline hydration in a phase II trial in refractory ovarian cancer patients and together with cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) (200 mg/m2 qd X 5) in previously untreated advanced ovarian cancer patients. High-dose cisplatin produced a 32% response rate in the phase II trial with a median survival of 12 months for all patients entered in the study and 16 months for responding patients. In previously untreated patients, the preliminary results indicate that intensive treatment with high-dose cisplatin and cyclophosphamide of short duration (3 to 4 months) can produce a high complete remission rate (60%). The dose-limiting toxicity of high-dose cisplatin has been peripheral neuropathy, which limits the number of cycles of high-dose cisplatin that can be administered. Alternative ways to administer higher doses of cisplatin include the use of sodium thiosulfate as a protective agent and the intraperitoneal administration of cisplatin in ovarian cancer patients. These results demonstrate that the cisplatin dose is an important factor in achieving improved results in the treatment of ovarian cancer. PMID- 3909420 TI - Metastatic breast cancer: preliminary results with oral hormonal therapy. AB - Hormonal therapy is very effective in the treatment of patients with metastatic breast cancer. Response to various therapies leads to improved quality of life and prolonged survival. This clinical trial compared two commonly utilized additive hormonal agents, tamoxifen citrate and megestrol acetate (Megace). Preliminary data indicate equal efficacy and equal toxicity of these two hormones and suggests that both are suitable for first-line hormonal treatment of stage IV breast cancer. PMID- 3909421 TI - Multidisciplinary treatment of advanced squamous carcinoma of the head and neck. AB - Advanced squamous carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract continues to be a therapeutic challenge. With recent advances in chemotherapy, systemic treatment has been used in an attempt to improve treatment results produced by radiation therapy and/or surgery. Such multidisciplinary experimental approaches have given new hope for cure in stage III and stage IV disease, but have reopened old questions as to the natural history and underlying biology of this disease. Multidisciplinary treatment, whether synchronous or sequential, appears to improve survival for stage III and stage IV patients achieving a complete response to chemotherapy plus irradiation. The role of surgery or radiotherapy for control of primary or nodal disease remains unchanged and is an essential component of all curative treatment plans. PMID- 3909423 TI - Hepatic transplantation. PMID- 3909422 TI - Animal research in liver transplantation with special reference to the dog. PMID- 3909424 TI - Opportunities and costs of clinical research. PMID- 3909425 TI - Liver transplantation for fulminant hepatic failure. PMID- 3909426 TI - A microcomputer-based approach to data management: an essential tool in the assessment of trends and results in liver transplantation. PMID- 3909428 TI - Advantages of venous bypass during orthotopic transplantation of the liver. AB - Venous bypass restores normal hemodynamic physiology during the critical anhepatic phase of orthotopic transplantation of the liver. Its routine use in adults undergoing transplantation in Pittsburgh has resulted in lower operative blood losses, a lower frequency of postoperative renal failure, and a greater probability of survival for all but the highest risk patients. Because it allows for a longer anhepatic phase, the surgeon has the option of tailoring the native hepatectomy to the needs of the individual case, even to the point, in difficult cases, of obtaining most of the hemostasis after removal of the native liver, but before sewing in the donor organ. Selective use of bypass in children may offer similar advantages. PMID- 3909427 TI - Immunosuppression and other nonsurgical factors in the improved results of liver transplantation. AB - During the last 5 years, liver transplantation has become a service as opposed to an experimental operation. The most important factor in making this possible has been the introduction of cyclosporine-steroid therapy. At the same time, liver transplantation has been made more practical by improvements in diagnosing and managing other causes of postoperative hepatic dysfunction. Tissue typing and matching have played no role in improving the results of liver transplantation. With the demonstration that performed antibody states are irrelevant, even avoidance of positive cross-matches caused by cytotoxic antibodies and observance of ABO blood group barriers have become unnecessary if the recipient's needs are great. With the exceptions of malignancy and cirrhosis, the nature of the underlying hepatic disease has not profoundly influenced the results. Retransplantation has played an important role in improving survival, although the costs of retransplantation have been extremely high. PMID- 3909429 TI - Refinements in the surgical technique of liver transplantation. PMID- 3909430 TI - Pharmacokinetics and monitoring of cyclosporine following orthotopic liver transplantation. PMID- 3909431 TI - The dearterialized liver graft. AB - Hepatic artery thrombosis has been a grave complication after liver transplantation. The diagnosis, when suspected, must be confirmed, since retransplantation has to be considered promptly. In a few cases, recovery with good function of the dearterialized graft has been seen. PMID- 3909432 TI - Extrahepatic complications of liver transplantation. AB - The massive surgical assault associated with hepatic transplantation makes a high frequency of complications almost inevitable. In this review of 225 patient records, selected at random from cases of liver transplantation in Pittsburgh over a 2 1/2 year period ending in January 1985, 87.2% of patients experienced at least one significant complication that threatened their survival or that of the graft and that often prolonged their hospitalization. Familiarity with the complications may facilitate earlier recognition, with consequently early and more effective management in future cases. PMID- 3909433 TI - Influence of selected patient variables and operative blood loss on six-month survival following liver transplantation. AB - A group of 118 adults who underwent primary, orthotopic transplantation of the liver over a 4-year period served as the subjects of a detailed examination of their ability to survive the first 6 months as a function of their preoperative condition. As a result, a scoring system was developed empirically in an attempt to separate very high-risk from relatively low-risk patients. The scoring method is based on the high degree of correlation between survival probability and various patient characteristics. It allows for additional scoring to account for the dramatic effect of operative blood loss on the eventual outcome. The curve that best describes the relationship between patient scores and survival probability is sigmoidal in shape. Many patients will have scores located on the curve between the inflection points. They represent a group whose relative risk is difficult to estimate but for whom operative blood loss or the occurrence of surgical complications may prove particularly telling. PMID- 3909434 TI - Retransplantation of the liver. AB - Since the introduction of cyclosporine-prednisone for primary immunosuppression, retransplantation has become a feasible option for patients whose primary grafts are failing, which may result from primary graft nonfunction, intractable rejection, or consequent to technical complications. Although survival of patients requiring second grafts is less good than in those whose initial graft functions well, 2-year survival rates of 49% have been achieved in retransplanted patients, a record that mandates serious consideration of this approach when the primary graft begins to fail. In general, the retransplant procedure is technically easier, with less blood loss, than is the initial operation. When the reoperation is done electively, it should be done before serious clinical deterioration compromises the chances for success. PMID- 3909435 TI - Organization of a new liver transplant center. PMID- 3909437 TI - The social drug lag: an examination of pharmaceutical approval delays in Medicaid formularies. AB - Several states have enacted restrictive drug formularies in order to control the costs of their Medicaid pharmaceutical programs. This study investigates the restrictiveness of these formularies by analyzing the delay in approving new drug products for Medicaid reimbursement. A restrictiveness index is developed which relates the drug product months which are denied to Medicaid patients to the potential product months of availability if all products which were newly approved for general use were simultaneously made available to the Medicaid population. The study then relates the restrictiveness of state formularies to Medicaid drug program costs and to total Medicaid program costs. We find that restrictiveness of formularies is not associated with lower drug costs, but that total Medicaid costs are lower in states with more restrictive formularies. We suggest that restrictive formularies may occur in states with other Medicaid cost containment measures, so that total Medicaid expenditures are contained in those states, even though there is no reduction in drug expenditures. PMID- 3909436 TI - Relationships among companies of militia in the colony of New York in 1760 estimated by an analysis of their surnames. PMID- 3909438 TI - Use of information resources by health professionals: a review of the literature. AB - The use of information resources by health professionals and their information seeking behavior are reviewed from a wide range of existing literature. The influence of several variables such as form of practice, engagement in research and educational programs, professional age, locus of practice, accessibility, specialty and departmental affiliation on the use of sources as identified by various studies are highlighted. Some of the serious problems that limit the free flow of health information in general, with special reference to those encountered in the developing world; the problems of modern medical education and how these relate to information dynamics in the sciences are highlighted. Generalizable statements with short explanatory notes are made about the use of information resources by health professionals, based on the review. PMID- 3909439 TI - [The hospitalized patient: from Christian charity to consumerism]. PMID- 3909440 TI - [Physicians in World War II]. PMID- 3909441 TI - [Heroism of the medical workers of Sumi]. PMID- 3909442 TI - [Role of N. I. Pirogov in establishing the system of postgraduate education of physicians]. PMID- 3909443 TI - [N. S. Kurochkin, physician, poet, journalist]. PMID- 3909444 TI - [Distinguished scientist and patriot (Frantisek Simer)]. PMID- 3909445 TI - [Henry Ernst Sigerist--an activist in social medicine]. PMID- 3909446 TI - [Psychological factors in the etiology, pathogenesis, treatment, prevention and rehabilitation of patients with cardiovascular diseases]. PMID- 3909447 TI - [Drug dosage optimization taking into account human circadian rhythms]. PMID- 3909449 TI - [Formation of compression anastomoses of the large intestine]. PMID- 3909448 TI - [Specific antitoxic therapy of botulism]. PMID- 3909450 TI - [Quantitative method of determining the extent of suppurative wound contamination]. PMID- 3909451 TI - Technical improvements and results of laminoplasty for compressive myelopathy in the cervical spine. AB - The laminoplasty reported in Spine 1982 by the author (H.T.) was modified by a technical improvement to obtain a more reliable enlargement of the cervical spinal canal. The technical improvements and results are described in detail. The osteotomized laminae that floated en bloc like a hinged door must be stabilized by bone blocks with wire ligatures. Thirty patients with severe cervical myelopathy due to multisegmental spondylosis or ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament underwent surgery. The extent of the enlargement of the canal was 4.1 mm on the average in the anteroposterior diameter, and in no case was a significant reduction in the diameter of the canal noted during the follow up period. A stable and thorough decompression of the spinal canal was noted on the postoperative computed tomograms with satisfactory surgical results. PMID- 3909452 TI - [Echotomography of organs in the upper abdomen]. PMID- 3909453 TI - [Technic and indications for percutaneous abscess drainage]. PMID- 3909454 TI - [Wegener's granulomatosis]. PMID- 3909455 TI - Sensitivity to the antilipolytic action of insulin in non-insulin-dependent diabetes in the young. PMID- 3909457 TI - Nalbuphine hydrochloride (Nubain) versus pentazocine for analgesia during dental operations. A double blind, randomised trial. PMID- 3909456 TI - A comparative trial of metronidazole v. tinidazole in the treatment of amoebic liver abscess. AB - Forty-eight patients were treated for amoebic liver abscess, 27 with metronidazole (Flagyl; Maybaker) and 21 with tinidazole (Fasigyn; Pfizer). Although 4 patients treated with tinidazole and 2 treated with metronidazole required a second course of therapy, both drugs were highly effective and resulted in rapid clinical improvement. The only side-effect was oral candidiasis, which developed in 2 patients in each drug group. PMID- 3909458 TI - [Glass ceramics: a discussion]. PMID- 3909459 TI - [Cosmetic restoration with veneering technics using photocured adhesive composite resins and preformed Mastique veneer--1]. PMID- 3909460 TI - [Practical tooth transplantation methods in everyday dental practice--2]. PMID- 3909461 TI - [Cementation using my methods]. PMID- 3909462 TI - [Miscellaneous records of medico-dental and pharmacological history. 68. A secret book on oral medicine published in 1762 (8)]. PMID- 3909463 TI - [Clinical results of cefatrizine in the field of oral surgery]. PMID- 3909464 TI - [Present status in the preservation and perfusion of the kidney for transplantation]. PMID- 3909465 TI - Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs in the nephrotic syndrome. PMID- 3909466 TI - [Clinical aspects of platelet transfusion]. PMID- 3909467 TI - [Planning platelet support as an aid in a leukemia and bone marrow transplant unit]. PMID- 3909468 TI - [Metabolic and nutritional complications of specific support measures in malignant hemopathies]. PMID- 3909469 TI - A history of intraocular pressure rise with reference to the Nd:YAG laser. AB - The rise in intraocular pressure after Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy is presently thought to be due to laser specific shockwaves and debris. Glaucoma has also been a frequent complication of mechanical discission as shown by a review of 84 cases from 1865-1932. Most authors have ascribed the pressure rise to vitreous or a quality of vitreous. Focusing on the disruption of the barrier between aqueous and vitreous as a common link between knife and laser discission, an attempt is made to combine the historical and recent views. It appears that apart from radiation effects, the Nd:YAG laser functions as a sharp knife and therefore shares the complications of mechanical discission, namely, glaucoma, injury to the vitreous and retinal detachment. PMID- 3909470 TI - Phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance and ocular metabolism. AB - Phosphorus (31P) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) represents a noninvasive technique for the assessment of ocular metabolism. The measurement of a spectrum of phosphorus-containing metabolites (e.g., phosphorylated sugars and ATP), including a number of heretofore uncharacterized metabolites, can be made with a single analysis. In addition to quantitating phosphatic metabolites, 31P NMR can be employed to monitor (1) the rate of metabolic change in a specific biochemical reaction via T1 and T2 relaxation times, and (2) the rate of change in the concentration of a particular metabolite. Several calculations indicating tissue energy status (health) can be made using quantitative spectroscopic information including: the phosphorylation potential, the energy charge of the adenylate system, and the 31P spectral modulus. Tissue pH can be determined as a function of shift in 31P NMR signals. 31P NMR techniques have both research and diagnostic applications in ophthalmology since potentially it provides a noninvasive method to analyze ocular tissues metabolically and detect subtle biochemical changes that precede overt manifestation of disease states. Such detection may allow for early and more effective therapeutic intervention of disease. Furthermore, the noninvasive quality of NMR spectroscopy will permit continual evaluation of therapy. PMID- 3909471 TI - Acetylsalicylic acid compared with acetylsalicylic acid plus codeine as postoperative analgesics after removal of impacted mandibular third molars. AB - In a multicenter, double blind clinical trial a combination of acetylsalicylic acid 500 mg + codeine phosphate 30 mg has been compared with acetylsalicylic acid 500 mg as postoperative analgesics in patients with pain after surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molars. Evaluation of the results from 129 patients showed that the combination of acetylsalicylic acid and codeine provided better pain relief and also the number of tablets used was smaller and the time intervals between repeated doses were longer than with acetylsalicylic acid only. Adverse effects were few and similar for both drugs. It may be concluded that the combination of 500 mg acetylsalicylic acid and 30 mg codeine phosphate provides a useful analgesic for more severe pain conditions in oral surgery. PMID- 3909472 TI - [Nausea and vomiting after chemotherapy--a nursing problem]. PMID- 3909473 TI - [The sauna and the cardiovascular system]. PMID- 3909474 TI - [Maks Moiseevich Gubergrits, academician of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences (on the centenary of his birth)]. PMID- 3909475 TI - [Verification of the lipid hypothesis by drug intervention]. PMID- 3909476 TI - [Primary prevention of rheumatism: the status and outlook (vaccine)]. PMID- 3909477 TI - [Use of echography for diagnosing aldosteromas]. AB - Altogether 23 patients were examined to assess the value of echography in the diagnosis of aldosteromas. Tumors were diagnosed at operation in 21 (2 malignant tumors) and adrenal hyperplasia in 2. The accuracy of diagnosis with regard to the presence or absence of aldosteromas was 82.6%. An analysis of the causes of erroneous results showed that they were noted in small size formations less than 2 cm in diameter, in corpulent patients and in the left-side tumor site due to more complicated anatomotopographic interrelationships of the organs in this area. PMID- 3909478 TI - [Pathogenetic importance of prostacyclin in atherosclerosis]. PMID- 3909479 TI - [Central hemodynamic function and the metabolic electrolyte ratio of patients with hypertension and hereditary disposition]. AB - A study was made of the pecularities of a course of arterial hypertension and the efficacy of hypotensive therapy in 69 hypertension patients with hereditary aggravation and 92 hypertension patients without hereditary aggravation. In 91 the content and distribution of sodium, potassium and water were studied using radionuclides; indices of the central and renal hemodynamics, plasma renin activity, aldosterone concentration and catecholamine excretion with urine were also studied. A natriuretic reaction to i.v. injection of lasix was measured in 12 of 42 patients. In hereditary aggravation hypertension was characterized by a higher level of systolic and diastolic AP which was more pronounced in men. Higher doses of hemiton and beta-adrenoblocking agents were required for its return to normal. In the authors' opinion, a more severe course of hypertension in such patients was associated with a raised sensitivity of resistant vessels to angiotensin which was confirmed by a significant elevation of the sodium/renin index. Changes in the values of the ratio extra/intracellular content of sodium and potassium in the patients with and without hereditary aggravation were not noticeable. Response to lasix was excessive as compared to normotonics in both groups. PMID- 3909480 TI - Fundamentals for placing the Bladevent implant. PMID- 3909481 TI - Teratology society, 1985-1986. PMID- 3909482 TI - [Reiter's syndrome and reactive arthritis]. PMID- 3909483 TI - [Bacterial arthritis: diagnosis and treatment]. PMID- 3909484 TI - [Principles and value of serologic studies in rheumatism]. PMID- 3909485 TI - [Management strategy of chronic polyarthritis]. PMID- 3909487 TI - [Polymyalgia rheumatica and other forms of giant cell arteritis]. PMID- 3909486 TI - [Raynaud's syndrome: diagnosis and therapy]. PMID- 3909488 TI - [Hyperuricemia: is treatment necessary or not?]. PMID- 3909489 TI - [Gout: diagnosis and therapy]. PMID- 3909490 TI - [Chondrocalcinosis: clinical forms, diagnosis and therapy]. PMID- 3909491 TI - [Periarthritis of the shoulder]. PMID- 3909492 TI - [Therapy of acute lumbar disk herniation]. PMID- 3909493 TI - [Iliosacral arthritis and Bechterew's ankylosing spondylitis: early detection and therapy]. PMID- 3909494 TI - [Infectious spondylitis: diagnosis and therapy]. PMID- 3909495 TI - [Nonsteroidal antiphlogistics--which, how and when to use?]. PMID- 3909496 TI - [Cold and heat therapy]. PMID- 3909497 TI - [New trends and technics in physiotherapy]. PMID- 3909498 TI - [Joint-preserving surgical treatment of arthrosis]. PMID- 3909499 TI - Reduced prostacyclin survival after fasting-induced elevation of plasma free fatty acids. AB - The anti-thrombotic effect of prostacyclin (PGI2) may be determined not only by its synthetic rate but also by its subsequent survival in blood. After its release from the vascular wall, prostacyclin binds to plasma albumin which stabilizes the molecule and prolongs its inhibitory effects on platelets. In vitro studies have shown that free fatty acids compete for the same albumin binding sites and may therefore displace PGI2 and substantially shorten its survival. To see if this competition could also occur in vivo, we produced a three-fold rise of plasma free fatty acid concentrations in ten normal volunteers by four days of fasting, which led to a significant reduction in prostacyclin survival as measured by a functional assay based on inhibition of ADP-induced platelet aggregation. The shortening of prostacyclin survival was associated with evidence of increased platelet reactivity as measured by the circulating platelet aggregate ratio test. Diseases that produce marked elevations of free fatty acids such as acute myocardial infarction may also lead to shortened PGI2 survival with potentiation of platelet mediated thrombosis. PMID- 3909500 TI - Dietary supplementation with vitamin E in hyperlipoproteinemias: effects on plasma lipid peroxides, antioxidant activity, prostacyclin generation and platelet aggregability. AB - In a placebo-controlled trial healthy volunteers and patients with hyperlipoproteinemias types II and IV received orally vitamin E at doses of 300 mg and 600 mg daily for 2 weeks. Serum tocopherol levels increased two-fold, but serum concentrations of total lipids, cholesterol, triglycerides, ceruloplasmin and transferrin remained unchanged. Dietary supplementation with vitamin E suppressed elevated concentrations of plasma lipid peroxides and this effect was correlated with an increase in serum antioxidant activity. In patients a mild platelet suppressant effect of vitamin E (600 mg daily) was observed. Feeding an atherogenic diet to rabbits for a week resulted in elevation of plasma lipid peroxides and a 90% decrease in arterial generation of prostacyclin. Enrichment of the atherogenic diet with 100 mg vitamin E daily prevented the increase in plasma lipid peroxides and protected the prostacyclin generating system in arteries. Thus, in hyperlipoproteinemias vitamin E corrects certain abnormalities of lipid metabolism which might predispose to atherosclerosis. PMID- 3909501 TI - The effects of nicotine on PGI2 production by rat aortic endothelium. AB - The production of prostacyclin by rat aortic rings was measured following administration of nicotine by a single subcutaneous injection and after continuous subcutaneous infusion over 7 days. Single subcutaneous injections of nicotine at 1, 5, 10 or 20 mg/kg had no effect on prostacyclin production by rat aortic rings in comparison with controls. However, aortic rings obtained after 7 days continuous subcutaneous infusion of 0.54 g/ml of nicotine at the rate of 1 microliter per hour produced significantly less prostacyclin than control animals. PMID- 3909502 TI - Effects of aspirin and alcohol on platelet thromboxane synthesis and vascular prostacyclin synthesis. AB - We have studied interactions between aspirin and alcohol in vitro with regard to their effects on platelet thromboxane synthesis and vascular prostacyclin synthesis. Alcohol did not affect the inhibition by aspirin of platelet thromboxane synthesis. However, low concentrations of alcohol (0.05-0.15%, v/v) reversed the inhibition by aspirin of vascular prostacyclin synthesis. Since the effects on prostacyclin and thromboxane synthesis would favour bleeding rather than haemostasis, the observations reported herein may explain previous reports of a potentiation by alcohol of the aspirin-induced increase in bleeding time. PMID- 3909503 TI - Enzymatic inactivation of heparin cofactor II by a proteinase (proteinase-1) isolated from Echis carinatus venom. AB - Heparin cofactor II was enzymatically inactivated by incubation with Echis carinatus venom in the presence of calcium. The initial rate of inactivation increased proportionately with the addition of heparin to a final concentration of 50 micrograms/ml. A proteinase, termed proteinase-1, was purified 17.5-fold from the venom which also enzymatically inactivated heparin cofactor II in the presence of calcium. The initial rate of heparin cofactor II inactivation by proteinase-1 was not increased by heparin at concentrations as high as 200 micrograms/ml. Heparin cofactor II was not inactivated by either unfractionated venom or proteinase-1 in the absence of calcium. The results indicate that heparin cofactor II, like antithrombin III, is susceptible to enzymatic inactivation by metalloproteinases in snake venoms. PMID- 3909504 TI - Chloroquine and primary amines inhibit the internalization of antithrombin III.trypsin complex in cultured cells. AB - Bovine corneal endothelial (BCE) cells have been shown to specifically bind, internalize and degrade antithrombin III (AT III).protease complexes as well as thrombin. Previous studies have indicated that chloroquine has no effect on the internalization of thrombin or other cell surface-bound ligands, but it inhibits their subsequent degradation. In contrast, the present study demonstrates the unique inhibitory effect of chloroquine on the internalization of 125I-AT III.trypsin complex by BCE cultures. Similarly, the primary amines, monodansylcadaverine and methylamine, inhibit the internalization of 125I-AT III.trypsin complex, but not the internalization of 125I-thrombin. The various amines used in this study revealed: (1) differences in the process of cellular binding and internalization between AT III.protease complex and thrombin, although the degradation of both internalized ligands proceed in an analogous manner; and (2) the unique sensitivity to chloroquine of 125I-AT III.trypsin complex internalization by cultured cells. These results might indicate that AT III.protease complexes are internalized via a distinct receptor and/or a different mechanism from thrombin. PMID- 3909505 TI - Correlation between the sensitivity of platelets to ADP and PGI2 in normal and diabetic pregnancies. PMID- 3909506 TI - New role for the computer: oral diagnostician. PMID- 3909507 TI - John Hetrick Taylor: a hero remembered. PMID- 3909508 TI - Ulysses S. Grant's dental dilemmas. PMID- 3909509 TI - [Wound rupture. An overview]. PMID- 3909510 TI - [Peroxisomes--in search of their function in man]. AB - Peroxisomes are ubiquitous subcellular organelles present in eukaryotic cells. The limiting membrane is a single membrane consisting of a triple layered structure. An increasing number of enzymes are localized in the peroxisomes. The knowledge about fatty acid beta oxidation and glycerolipid biosynthesis has increased considerably. Aberration of the peroxisomal function have been demonstrated in acatalasemia, the cerebro-hepato-renal syndrome of Zellweger, hyperpipecolic acidemia, trihydroxycoprostanic acidemia and adrenoleukodystrophy. Other peroxisomal disorders will be detected in the near future. PMID- 3909511 TI - [The importance of pressure registration in mask-balloon ventilation]. AB - In positive pressure hand ventilation appropriate ventilatory pressures are essential for effectiveness and safety of treatment. Workers in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit were asked to ventilate an imaginary patient. A diaphragm manometer was used for measurements. This manometer was only visible to the investigator. Peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) and peak end expiratory pressure (PEEP) were recorded. Rather great differences in administered PIP were observed. Unintentionally, PEEP was given in many cases. It is concluded, that in positive pressure hand ventilation pressures should be monitored by measurement. PMID- 3909512 TI - Imbalance of T cell subsets in cancer patients and its modification with bestatin, a small molecular immunomodifier. AB - The peripheral T lymphocyte subsets and natural killer (NK) cells of patients with cancer were studied by monoclonal antibody assays in comparison with those of non-cancer individuals. An imbalance of immunoregulatory T cell subsets was frequently found in the group of cancer patients (n = 26), being characterized by a relatively high proportion of OKT8+ cells (45.0 +/- 12.0%, p less than 0.01) and a low OKT4+/OKT8+ ratio (1.29 +/- 0.56, p less than 0.05). T cell level showed no significant difference as assessed by either OKT3 or rosette formation with sheep erythrocytes (E). The effect of bestatin was examined in 10 of these cancer patients. The relative proportion of T cell subsets tended to normalize 2 to 6 weeks after starting the daily doses of 30 mg per body. The mean percentage of OKT8+ cells decreased from 47.2 to 33.4 (p less than 0.01), while the helper to suppressor ratio increased from 1.18 to 1.79 (p less than 0.01). A significant increase was also found in the percentage and number of OKT4+ cells and HNK-1+ cells after the drug administration, while T cell level tended to converge to a normal range. PMID- 3909513 TI - Three-dimensional observations on intermediate filaments of the squamous epithelium of the uterine cervix. AB - The following conclusions have been drawn from electron-microscopic three dimentional observations on the intermediate filaments (IFs) of the squamous epithelium from the uterine cervix. (1) IFs form a three-dimensional reticular network and wrap around the intracellular periphery of cells extending from the basal to the superficial layers. (2) In basal and parabasal cells, the IFs are distributed in a pattern radiating from the perinuclear location toward the cellular periphery. (3) The use of PEG-embedding method after detergent extraction with Triton X-100 and saponin is suitable for the three-dimensional observations on IFs of stratified squamous epithelium from the uterine cervix. PMID- 3909515 TI - Evaluating and selecting among joint venture opportunities. PMID- 3909514 TI - Role of vagus nerve in secretion of gastric inhibitory polypeptide in dogs. AB - In order to clarify the role of the vagus nerve in the secretion of gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), experiments were performed on dogs. Response of plasma GIP to intraduodenal instillation of glucose was slightly lower in a group which received atropine, than in a group of normal dogs. The response of plasma GIP to intraduodenal glucose load was not different between vagotomized dogs and normal dogs. Electric stimulation of the vagus nerve did not produce any significant changes in plasma GIP in anesthetized dogs. In conclusion, the present study indicates that the role of the vagus nerve on GIP secretion is tiny, if any, and that the nervous influence does not overcome the effect of intraluminal administration of glucose. PMID- 3909516 TI - Financing joint ventures: the planning and selection process. PMID- 3909517 TI - Pit-retention of extensive amalgam restorations. Part II--A five-year clinical survey. PMID- 3909518 TI - [Effect of testicular lidase and streptococcal hyaluronidase on bone resorption of the alveolar process in experimental periodontal diseases]. PMID- 3909519 TI - [Morphometric evaluation of the regeneration in bone grafts in the plastic repair of mandibular defects]. PMID- 3909520 TI - [Immunofluorescent method of determining collagen in the composition of a filling material]. PMID- 3909522 TI - [A method for obtaining impressions in complete loss of the teeth and the presence of exostoses]. PMID- 3909521 TI - [Tooth crown prosthesis when the remaining portion of the root is below gum level]. PMID- 3909523 TI - [1st people's commissar of public health of the Republic (on the 110th anniversary of the birth of N. A. Semashko)]. PMID- 3909524 TI - [The journal Zubovrachebnyi vestnik (on the centenary of the journal's publication by A. P. Sinitsyn)]. PMID- 3909525 TI - [Odontogenic trigeminal neuralgia]. PMID- 3909526 TI - [Hydrolytic enzyme activity of the mixed saliva in ulcerative stomatitis]. PMID- 3909527 TI - [X-ray picture of the restructuring of an orthoptic bone allograft in mandibular osteoplasty]. PMID- 3909529 TI - Neutron radiobiology and clinical consequences. AB - The present day rationale for anticipating a therapeutic advantage of neutrons over X-rays is reviewed. It is based on the following characteristics of tumorous tissue: hypoxia, poor cell cycle redistribution, large repair capacity and rapid growth. It is obvious that not all of the possible reasons why X-ray therapy may fail can be circumvented by the use of neutrons. Therefore the practical consequences of the mentioned rationales must be the planning of randomized clinical trials. With patients selected for poorly reoxygenating tumors, tumors in which clonogens proliferate slowly and others where they grow rapidly and/or show an early regenerative response. Predictive assays for such a selection are, however, only scarcely available and need to be developed to supplement the indication given by conventional staging and grading. Other important consequences of radiobiological considerations are finally concerning treatment strategies. Regardless of the exact dose per fraction chosen, it seems prudent to use relatively low doses per fraction initially to maximize the chance of detecting any benefit inherent in the use of neutrons, before exploring increased doses for reasons of improved cost-effectiveness. PMID- 3909528 TI - [Use of optical holography for research on the stressed deformation state of dental bridgework made of metal]. PMID- 3909530 TI - Review and evolution of clinical results in the EORTC Heavy-Particle Therapy Group. AB - Part of the clinical results from the "EORTC Heavy-Particle Therapy Group" are reviewed (September 1984). Fast neutrons can bring a significant benefit, compared to conventional photon (or electron) techniques, in well defined patient series. A benefit for neutrons is observed, in Hammersmith and in Amsterdam, for locally extended salivary gland tumours. Soft tissue sarcomas can also be considered as a good indication for neutron therapy, especially when they are slowly growing and well differentiated, as shown in Essen, Hammersmith and Louvain-la-Neuve. Neutrons can bring an advantage in the treatment of some melanoma patients as shown in Hammersmith. For locally advanced prostatic carcinoma, better results for neutrons are shown in Hamburg and Louvain-la-Neuve. These data are similar to those observed in the United States from the RTOG studies. Due to a reduced differential effect between tissues after neutron treatment, irradiation of large volumes of normal tissues, at high neutron dose, should be avoided. Different possible combinations between neutrons and photons (boost, mixed schedule) are discussed. PMID- 3909531 TI - [Assessment of the carbon monoxide content in the body in aviation accidents]. PMID- 3909532 TI - [New means of conducting research in forensic medicine (a review of the patent information)]. PMID- 3909533 TI - Interaction between digoxin and nifedipine at steady state in patients with atrial fibrillation. AB - The possible kinetic and hemodynamic interactions between digoxin and nifedipine were evaluated in nine patients with atrial fibrillation who were receiving chronic digoxin. After 2 control weeks, nifedipine (20 mg b.i.d.), in a new formulation with sustained release characteristics, was added to the therapeutic regimen for 2 weeks. Trough serum digoxin concentrations and peak nifedipine concentrations were determined repeatedly. On the same days, resting blood pressure and heart rate were measured. During nifedipine administration, serum digoxin levels increased by 15% from 0.87 +/- 0.38 to 1.04 +/- 0.37 ng/ml (mean +/- SD, p less than 0.05). This was accompanied by a reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure of 16 +/- 6 (p less than 0.01) and 12 +/- 5 mm Hg (p less than 0.001), respectively. In two patients, noncardiac side effects were reported. In two other patients, nifedipine was discontinued because of skin rash and severe headache, respectively. In conclusion, plasma digoxin levels were elevated slightly in the presence of nifedipine, but this probably has little clinical relevance. PMID- 3909534 TI - Simultaneous estimation of serum concentrations of dapsone, monoacetyldapsone, and pyrimethamine in Chinese men on maloprim for malaria prophylaxis using reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography. AB - A reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography method was developed to simultaneously estimate serum concentrations of dapsone (DDS), monoacetyldapsone (MADDS), and pyrimethamine (PYR) in 34 young adult Chinese men after they had taken the sixth weekly dose of Maloprim for malaria prophylaxis. Serum concentrations of DDS, MADDS, and PYR after 24 h were (mean +/- SEM) 374 +/- 31.3, 310 +/- 30.4, and 121 +/- 7.9 ng/ml, respectively. The 72-h serum concentrations of DDS, MADDS, and PYR were (mean +/- SEM) 134 +/- 21.6, 115 +/- 17.9, and 80 +/- 7.2 ng/ml, respectively. Serum concentrations of DDS and MADDS in many subjects after 120 h were less than 20 ng/ml, while mean +/- SEM concentration of PYR was 53 +/- 5.6 ng/ml. Acetylator phenotyping of the subjects showed that there were 31 (91%) fast acetylators, three (9%) intermediate acetylators, and no slow acetylators. PMID- 3909535 TI - Sensitive high performance liquid chromatographic analysis of ethmozin in plasma. AB - A sensitive high performance liquid chromatographic procedure for the quantitative determination of ethmozin is described. Following a one-step extraction of the drug and the internal standard, protriptyline, by diethylether at pH 9.0, the organic solvent is evaporated and the residue is reconstituted in the mobile phase and injected into the chromatograph. The separation is obtained using a CN-bonded column with a methanol-propanol-2-perchloric acid 1.16 M mobile phase. Ethmozin is detected at 268 nm. Under these conditions, the lower limit of detection is 11 nM, and the lower limit of quantification is 22 nM (10 ng/ml) for ethmozin. The procedure is linear between 0 and 8,620 nM. PMID- 3909536 TI - Comparison of high pressure liquid chromatography and fluorescence polarization immunoassay methods in a theophylline pharmacokinetic study. AB - High pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) were compared in a theophylline pharmacokinetic study. Eight healthy subjects received single 600-mg oral doses of two different sustained release theophylline formulations. Fourteen blood samples were collected over 57 h after each dose, and the serum was analyzed for theophylline using both HPLC and FPIA methods. In comparing the two formulations using HPLC, there was no statistical difference in the area under the curve (AUC), terminal rate constant (k), or time of peak. However, there was a 13% difference in peak theophylline concentration (p less than 0.05). The same statistical conclusions were made for all parameters when using FPIA. When comparing the kinetic parameters determined with each assay, the AUC was 12% greater and the k was 17% smaller with FPIA (p less than 0.05). Orthogonal regression of all serum theophylline concentrations showed that FPIA = 1.04 HPLC + 0.20; r = 0.987, p less than 0.001. Stratification of serum theophylline concentrations into different ranges showed that FPIA overestimated the HPLC results in each range, but the percentage of overestimation was greater at lower concentrations (p less than 0.05). The use of FPIA seems appropriate in comparative studies of theophylline pharmacokinetics; however, the calculated kinetic parameters may differ slightly from those obtained with HPLC. PMID- 3909537 TI - Determination of serum theophylline by apoenzyme reactivation immunoassay system. AB - A reagent strip for the quantitative analysis of theophylline in serum or plasma was evaluated. The strip is based on the apoenzyme reactivation immunoassay system (ARIS) technique and is intended for use with the Ames Seralyzer reflectance photometer. The method gave CVs at three theophylline levels ranging from 3.8 to 6.3% (within run) and from 2.8 to 6.9% (day to day). The regression lines obtained from the correlation studies were y = 0.959x + 0.51 (n = 105, r = 0.9906, Sy/x = 0.56) for the comparison ARIS (y) versus Syva enzyme multiplied immunoassay (x) methods, and y = 0.986x + 0.32 (n = 105, r = 0.9832, Sy/x = 0.62) for the comparison ARIS (y) versus Abbott TDx fluorescence polarization immunoassay (x) methods. The interference from triglycerides, hemoglobin, bilirubin, and ascorbic acid, and the cross-reactivity of 8-chlorotheophylline, caffeine, 1,3-dimethyluric acid, theobromine, and 1,7-dimethylxanthine, were also investigated and discussed. The method was found to be reliable, simple, and rapid. It provides a practicable solution for immediate determinations of theophylline. PMID- 3909538 TI - Ultrafiltration compared with equilibrium dialysis in the determination of unbound phenytoin in plasma. AB - Protein binding of phenytoin (PHT) was studied in 36 patients with normal kidney function and six uremic patients. We compared a newly introduced ultrafiltration (UF) technique (EMIT Free Level System I) for measuring unbound PHT in plasma with an equilibrium dialysis (ED) method. The precision of the UF method was satisfactory (the CV within samples was 4.2%, and between days, 3.4%). PHT concentrations were measured with both homogeneous enzyme immunoassay and high performance liquid chromatography using plasma samples from epileptic patients. The values obtained agreed well. Unbound concentrations of PHT determined by the UF technique and ED were identical in both normal and uremic plasma obtained from patients under treatment. Unbound concentrations of PHT correlated significantly to total concentrations in both groups of patients. The investigated UF technique thus appears to be accurate for measuring unbound concentrations of PHT in plasma. Controlled clinical studies are required to show that this is a cost effective clinical service. PMID- 3909539 TI - Determination of free disopyramide plasma concentrations using ultrafiltration and enzyme multiplied immunoassay. AB - Disopyramide is an antiarrhythmic drug that exhibits nonlinear binding to plasma proteins. As a result, the total body clearance increases with increasing total drug plasma concentration. A rapid and sensitive method for the determination of free (unbound) disopyramide plasma concentrations is described. The procedure employs an ultrafiltration system (Centrifree), which can be used for basic drugs, along with an enzyme multiplied immunoassay system (EMIT) for the measurement of free disopyramide concentrations in plasma water filtrate. The EMIT method was adapted to permit measurement of disopyramide in plasma over a concentration range of 0.02-1.2 micrograms/ml. Plasma storage at -20 degrees C, filtration volume, or the presence of buffer and mono-N-dealkylated metabolite in plasma did not affect the binding determinations. There was no loss of drug during the filtration process. A good correspondence was found between the EMIT assay and a high performance liquid chromatography method, when applied to plasma samples obtained from a human subject who had ingested disopyramide. Furthermore, the extent of protein binding determined by the ultrafiltration system and by equilibrium dialysis were in good agreement. The binding of disopyramide in fortified human plasma decreased from 64 to 52% over a total drug concentration range of 1-5 micrograms/ml. PMID- 3909540 TI - Comparison of two immuno-mechanical methods of T-cell depletion of human bone marrow for prevention of graft-versus-host disease: soybean lectin agglutination and sheep erythrocyte rosette depletion versus triple rosette depletion. AB - Depletion of T-lymphocytes from HLA-mismatched donor bone marrow can be accomplished by either triple neuraminidase-treated sheep erythrocyte depletion (3En) or soybean agglutination and sheep erythrocyte depletion (SBA/E/En). T lymphocyte depletion by 3En resulted in higher yields of all marrow precursor phenotypes (studied by a battery of monoclonal antibodies) than did SBA/E/En depletion. While both procedures enriched for some early precursor cells (e.g., HLA-DR and/or terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) positive cells), greater numbers of these cells were available after 3En. Clinical benefits which may be derived from the larger inoculum of T-depleted bone-marrow cells available after 3En treatment remain to be studied. PMID- 3909541 TI - Hetero-organic thymus antigens. AB - The use of sera containing antibodies to tissue-specific antigens of highly specialized organs (skeletal muscles, heart, skin, excretory glands) enabled us to detect, by immunofluorescence, cells capable of synthesizing analogous antigens (i.e. hetero-organic thymus antigens) in human and animal thymus. Detection of hetero-organic antigens in the thymus is the basis for the hypothesis that natural immunological tolerance to tissue self antigens is formed within the thymus in the course of T-lymphocyte maturation, with thymus antigens taking part in the process. PMID- 3909543 TI - Sodium hyaluronate in perspective: experiences from a four-year clinical trial. AB - Analysis of the safety from the use of 1 per cent sodium hyaluronate (Healonid) is presented in terms of postoperative ocular hypertension, uveitis, visual acuity and endothelial cell loss. The results of a four-year clinical trial confirm that this product is safe and effective. There was no significant difference in the short term visual results from its use, however on assessment of comparative endothelial cell studies, it was found that incidences of severe cell loss tend to be excluded by the use of Healonid so improving the surgeons confidence in difficult surgical situations. PMID- 3909542 TI - [Side effects of drugs in the elderly. A review of various possible causes]. AB - About 40% of the intoxications after drug administration occur in the elderly. The occurrence of these intoxications must be attributed to: 1. an increased distribution of the lipophilic drugs over the body by which they stay longer in the body; 2. a decreased distribution of hydrophilic drugs over the body by which the drug concentration in the blood becomes higher; 3. a decreased metabolism of lipophilic drugs; 4. a decreased urinary excretion of hydrophilic drugs; 5. an increased sensitivity of the tissues, by which an increased effect occurs; 6. interactions between simultaneously administered drugs, by which their effect is increased; 7. a wrong compliance, by which in some cases too high concentrations of the drug occur in the blood. On the basis of the reviewed literature it can be stated that research should be specifically devoted to the effect of age on the metabolizing system of the liver, pharmacodynamics and drug interactions. PMID- 3909544 TI - Oral acyclovir in herpetic keratitis. AB - A double blind comparative study of oral acyclovir and acyclovir ophthalmic ointment was carried out on 29 patients with simple herpetic dendritic corneal ulceration. Patients were randomly allocated to the study. Healing was achieved in all fourteen patients treated with acyclovir ointment, and in fourteen out of fifteen patients treated with oral acyclovir. The mean healing time of 5.6 days was identical for both patient groups. There was no significant systemic or local side effects recorded in either group. The level of acyclovir in tear fluid was measured, and in patients receiving oral acyclovir the level was in excess of the ED50 of herpes simplex virus type 1. PMID- 3909545 TI - Traditional clinical methods of visual assessment in childhood. PMID- 3909546 TI - Early experience with adjustable squint surgery at Moorfields Eye Hospital with long-term follow-up. AB - The first 46 patients to undergo surgery for squint with adjustable sutures at Moorfields Eye Hospital, City Road, London, are presented. The indications for surgery were: dysthyroid ophthalmopathy, fourth nerve palsy, monocular aphakia with strabismus and miscellaneous conditions. The technique of surgery is briefly described. The results show a high incidence of alignment, indicating the value of the technique and this is supported by long-term follow-up data where available. Treatment failures are analysed in detail. PMID- 3909547 TI - Intraocular lens power calculation using the SRK formula: a clinical study. AB - The SRK Regression formula for intraocular lens power calculation was used to predict postoperative emmetropia in two series of routine cataract operations using different posterior chamber lenses. More accurate results were obtained when the intraocular lenses were used in one dioptre steps. Some practical points about the routine use of ultrasound are made. PMID- 3909548 TI - Persistence of malarial antibody in Nigerian children born in the UK and its clinical relevance. AB - Immunofluorescent malarial antibody was measured in Nigerian children born in the UK, who had never been to any malarious country. Their antibody titres were compared to those of their mothers, taking into account the age of the children, the length of the mother's stay in the UK, and any revisits by the mothers to malarious areas. Antibody prevalence and titre fell with increasing age of the children. Their serum positivity rates were 82% in the first six months, 40% in the second six months and 9% at two years. Titres were generally low and declined similarly with age, from an initial geometric mean of 40 and 27 and 16, respectively, at the corresponding ages above. The clinical relevance of this finding to emigrant families returning home is briefly discussed. PMID- 3909549 TI - Malaria, cause of ahaptoglobinaemia in Africans. AB - The lack of serum haptoglobin in Africans has been investigated in the Congo, Central Africa, where HpO prevalence is about 30%. This study shows that it is possible to suppress ahaptoglobinaemia within a few weeks by antimalarial chemoprophylaxis, that it does not occur in protected individuals, that ahaptoglobinaemia reappears at its original incidence levels after interruption of chemoprophylaxis, and that some individuals are more susceptible in relation to Hp2 gene. Malaria is the only significant cause of ahaptoglobinaemia in subjects both with and without detectable parasitaemia. The possible mechanisms involved are discussed. PMID- 3909550 TI - Criteria for diagnosing clinical malaria among a semi-immune population exposed to intense and perennial transmission. AB - In highly malaria-endemic areas, thick smears are usually positive regardless of the clinical context. Therefore the simple positivity or negativity of the thick smear is not an adequate criterion for distinguishing malaria from other causes of fever. In order to define simple parasitological and clinical criteria for diagnosing clinical malaria with a small risk of error, a study was undertaken in a rural area in the Congo where malaria transmission is intense and perennial. Results of the systematic determination of the parasite density of 1562 samples from persons of all ages considered representative of the population of the studied area are compared to those from 327 febrile patients, 204 patients detected during medical consultations held in the villages and 123 febrile schoolchildren detected during surveys for fever. The analysis of the clinical data and the parasitological results clearly demonstrates the importance of the parasite density determination for the diagnosis of clinical malaria. Clinical Plasmodium falciparum malaria is unlikely to occur in children under 15 years if the parasite/leucocyte ratio is less than 1.5. On the contrary this diagnosis is very probable if the parasite/leucocyte ratio is higher than 2. Clinical criteria were too non-specific to serve as useful diagnostic criteria. PMID- 3909551 TI - Placental malaria and foetoplacental function: low plasma oestradiols associated with malarial pigmentation of the placenta. AB - Placental biopsies were taken immediately post partum from 65 Gambian mothers who had not received anti-malaria chemoprophylaxis during pregnancy whilst living in an area hyperendemic for Plasmodium falciparum malaria. The biopsies were examined without knowledge of the mothers' health or the outcome of pregnancies. Histologically, they were divided into two groups: those with macrophages containing malarial pigment in the inter-villous spaces, and those without such pathology. Babies with pigmented placentae had a mean (SD) weight for gestational age of 83.3 (10.6)%, which was significantly lower (p less than 0.01) than that of 91.2 (7.7)% in the non-pigmented group. The plasma oestradiol concentrations in the mothers who later delivered pigmented placentae were significantly lower from 32 weeks of gestation onwards, and did not continue to rise in the last trimester as they did in the non-pigmented group. The last trimester appears to be the critical time for protection of the foeto-placental unit against malaria. Anti-malaria chemoprophylaxis should be given to all pregnant women. PMID- 3909552 TI - In vivo and in vitro assessment of the sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine in four districts of Tanga region, Tanzania. AB - The sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine was tested in Muheza, Pangani, Tanga and Korogwe districts in north-eastern Tanzania by applying both in vivo and in vitro tests in schoolchildren. A total dose of 25 mg chloroquine base/kg body-weight given over a period of three days (10 mg/kg on days 0 and one; and 5 mg/kg on day 2) failed to clear asexual parasites from the peripheral blood by day 7 in 12.5% of the children tested at Muheza, 5.9% at Pangani, 31.8% at Tanga, and 39.5% at Korogwe. In vitro micro tests were successfully carried out on 44 isolates at Muheza, 29 isolates at Pangani, 45 isolates at Tanga and 44 isolates at Korogwe. Schizont maturation at chloroquine concentrations of 1.14 mu mol/litre of blood and above, an indication of drug resistance, was observed in 20.5% of the isolates at Muheza, 41.4% at Pangani, 51.1% at Tanga and 45.5% at Korogwe. In vivo and in vitro results of the tests for resistance have been compared. PMID- 3909553 TI - In vivo assessment of the sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum to sulphadoxine/pyrimethamine combination (Fansidar) in six localities in Tanzania where chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum has been detected. AB - The sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum strains to Fansidar (500 mg sulphadoxine/25 mg pyrimethamine) was tested in vivo in six localities in the United Republic of Tanzania where chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum strains have been demonstrated by both in vivo and in vitro tests. Single doses as recommended by the manufacturers achieved 100% clearance of parasitaemia in five localities with mean clearance period of between 2.2 and 2.9 days. In one locality (Gonja) the recommended dose failed to clear parasitaemia in two of the 38 cases (5.3%) within seven days. The possibility of using this drug combination for the treatment of chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum strains in the United Republic of Tanzania is discussed. PMID- 3909554 TI - Susceptibility of Plasmodium falciparum in The Gambia to pyrimethamine, Maloprim and chloroquine. AB - A five-year malaria chemoprophylaxis study has begun with Maloprim in children aged three months to five years and pregnant women in a population of 13,000 in the area of Farafenni, The Gambia. Sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum to pyrimethamine, Maloprim and chloroquine was assessed in vivo and in vitro in rural Gambian villages before drug intervention. 569 children aged one to seven years inclusive were sampled at the end of the wet season of 1982; 46% had positive blood films. All afebrile children were treated with a single dose of one of the antimalarials under study. Febrile children were treated with chloroquine. 109 infected children were retested 7 to 10 days after treatment and none showed asexual parasitaemia. 83 micro in vitro tests were successfully performed from fingerprick blood samples and the results confirmed the in vivo study. Pyrimethamine in combination with dapsone, in the proportion present in Maloprim, i.e., 1:8, showed a synergistic effect, the mean effective dose of pyrimethamine being reduced 13 times at the 50% inhibitory level. PMID- 3909555 TI - In vitro sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum to chlorcycloguanil in The Gambia. AB - Chlorcycloguanil (10732), the active metabolite of the antifolate chlorproguanil, has been tested in vitro against 17 isolates of Plasmodium falciparum in The Gambia. Minimum inhibitory concentrations were 10(-9) molar or less. 11 isolates simultaneously tested with pyrimethamine were sensitive to 10(-8) molar concentrations of that drug. PMID- 3909557 TI - A simple method to detect the presence of live triatomine bugs in houses sprayed with residual insecticides. PMID- 3909556 TI - A focus of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis in Tres Bracos, Bahia, Brazil: characterization and identification of Leishmania stocks isolated from man and dogs. AB - The characterization and identification to species and subspecies of 20 stocks of Leishmania isolated from the region of Tres Bracos, Bahia, Brazil, are described: 17 stocks were from patients and three from dogs. The following techniques were used (i) biological (growth in culture, hamster tissues and phlebotomine gut), (ii) biochemical (isoenzyme and kinetoplast DNA analysis) and (iii) immunological (using monoclonal antibodies). All except two stocks belong to the L. braziliensis complex. One of these two corresponded to L. mexicana amazonensis but the other, while clearly in the mexicana complex, showed slight differences from the L. mexicana amazonensis reference strain on isoenzyme analysis. Two stocks from different lesions in the same patient and with different growth characteristics in hamster tissues were both identified as L. braziliensis braziliensis. All the fully characterized stocks of the L. braziliensis complex were identified as L. braziliensis braziliensis. L. braziliensis guyanensis was not identified. Dog and human stocks of L. braziliensis braziliensis were indistinguishable. From these findings and other evidence, L. braziliensis braziliensis seems to be the predominant species transmitted in Tres Bracos. PMID- 3909558 TI - The micro in vitro test for malaria drug resistance in Irian Jaya: 28 and 48-hour incubation yield similar probit analysis findings. PMID- 3909559 TI - Preliminary study of the response of Plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine in Sistan and Baluchestan province of Iran. PMID- 3909560 TI - Commodore Anson's circumnavigation (1740-1744). The bequests of disaster at sea. PMID- 3909561 TI - Epidemic neuropathies of Jamaica. PMID- 3909562 TI - Medicine through the lens of the museum. PMID- 3909563 TI - Luther Leonidas Terry 1911-1985. PMID- 3909564 TI - Serology of tuberculosis. III. Crossed immunoelectrophoretic analysis of sera from tuberculosis and leprosy patients with antigens from BCG. AB - Sera from tuberculous and leprous patients have been examined for antibody reactivities against components of BCG sonicate (BCGS) antigen. A crossed immunoelectrophoresis with intermediate gel reference system was used in which more than 40 components of BCGS could be identified. Forty (74.1%) out of 54 tuberculous sera and 68 (90.7%) out of 75 leprous sera reacted with at least 1 component of BCGS. While tuberculous sera reacted with 9 distinct components of BCGS, leprous sera reacted with at least 12. Components of BCGS precipitated by tuberculous sera were not specific as they were also precipitated by leprous sera. Overall, non-specific antibody responses were found to be dominant among tuberculous sera and by comparison, the reactivity of leprous sera with BCGS components was of a higher magnitude. Among tuberculous sera, precipitating activity was maximal among those taken from chronic treated cases with relapse followed by those obtained from treated and untreated new cases. Some components of BCGS to which both tuberculous and leprous sera showed strong reactivity have been characterized. It is concluded that immunoprecipitation methods with BCG derived antigens are not useful for the detection of a specific antibody response in tuberculosis or for discrimination between tuberculosis and leprosy. PMID- 3909565 TI - Cancer therapy: phenothiazines in an unexpected role. AB - Four lines of evidence (clinical findings, epidemiology, inhibition of tumor growth together with prolongation of survival time, and mechanism of action) which suggest that certain phenothiazines, particularly chlorpromazine, possess a range of anti-neoplastic activities in man and in rodents which has not been generally recognised are reviewed and discussed. Chlorpromazine interferes with energy production in sensitive tumours; the mode of action appears to correspond to autooxidative cellular injury, a common form of cell death. PMID- 3909566 TI - Basement membranes in cancer. AB - Basement membranes are ubiquitous tissue constituents which occur as supportive structure adjacent to epithelium, endothelium, mesothelium and also around smooth as well as striated muscle cells, Schwann cells and fat cells. In various types of cancer, basement membranes have been extensively studied by electron microscopy. Often basement membrane interruptions were seen in invasive neoplasms but in some tumors the neoplastic cells were surrounded by a continuous basal lamina. Recent immunocytochemical studies have shown that in invasive carcinomas the neoplastic cells often lack a continuous basement membrane. This may be caused by catabolic activity of invasive tumor cells, which have been shown to produce specific collagenases, or by insufficient production and/or extracellular assembly of basement membrane components by the neoplastic epithelial cells. In diagnostic histopathology, immunocytochemical staining of basement membrane components such as type IV collagen and laminin may help to distinguish between noninvasive (benign or in situ) and invasive lesions. Furthermore, in carcinomas the extent of the expression of basement membrane components may be correlated with the degree of differentiation of the neoplastic cells. Finally, in soft tissue tumors, basement membrane staining may be helpful for the differentiation of basement membrane producing neoplasms (e.g. of vascular, neural, smooth muscle or striated muscle origin) from non-basement membrane producing neoplasms (e.g. of fibroblastic origin). PMID- 3909567 TI - [Tubo-ovarian abscess in early puberty]. PMID- 3909568 TI - [Malacoplakia of the urinary bladder]. PMID- 3909569 TI - [Intensive insulin therapy in the diabetic child]. PMID- 3909570 TI - [Insulin therapy in the pregnant woman]. PMID- 3909572 TI - [Diet and intensive insulin therapy]. PMID- 3909571 TI - [The insulin pump as treatment of the insulin-dependent diabetic]. PMID- 3909573 TI - [Psychology and intensive insulin therapy]. PMID- 3909574 TI - [Insulin pump and intensive insulin therapy]. PMID- 3909575 TI - [Prospective study of human fertilization in vitro. Various technical and ethical aspects]. PMID- 3909577 TI - John Henry Biggart 1905-1979--a portrait in respect and affection. PMID- 3909576 TI - [Osteoporosis]. PMID- 3909578 TI - The changing face of medicine. PMID- 3909579 TI - Fetal rights. The first Belfast Royal Maternity Hospital Perinatal Lecture. PMID- 3909580 TI - Volume homeostasis, renal function and hypertension. AB - A generalised vasoconstriction, for almost a century believed to be the basis of all types of human hypertension, was disproved by recent haemodynamic studies. In our investigation of hypertension in chronic parenchymatous non-uraemic, non anaemic renal disease, we have established that the earliest haemodynamic abnormality in subjects, of whom over 90% later develop high blood pressure, has actually started while their blood pressure is still normal. This consists of hypervolaemia and a high cardiac output (hyperkinesis) with tissue hyperperfusion. Hypervolaemia is due to a failure of these still normotensive patients to excrete isotonic saline as readily as subjects with completely normal kidneys.The chronic hypervolaemia in these subjects leads to a release of the natriuretic factor which depresses the Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase in the cell membranes and which is responsible for an increase in sodium (and calcium) content of the vascular smooth muscle cells, diminishing their compliance and thus raising the vascular resistance together with the thickening of the vascular wall of the originally hyperperfused vessels. With the disappearance of the vascular adjustment to the increased cardiac output, the blood pressure rises and the 'pressure diuresis' restores the circulating blood volume (and the renal homeostatic efficiency) to normal. With a further rise of the peripheral vascular resistance the cardiac output falls. At this late stage of renal hypertension renin may play a contributory role.Thus, the primary abnormality in the chain of events leading eventually to hypertension is a renal inability to maintain a proper balance between sodium intake and output. This suggested pathophysiological mechanism is probably valid in every kind of human hypertension where a reason for such a disturbance is present. PMID- 3909581 TI - Hyperparathyroid bone disease in chronic renal failure. AB - Much has been learnt over the past 80 years of the pathogenesis and management of hyperparathyroid bone disease in uraemia. Clinically it has changed from a rare disorder of childhood and adolescence to a common and difficult problem in patients maintained on dialysis programmes. Whereas effective treatments are now available for hyperparathyroid bone disease, these are not curative and there is clearly much more work to be done before a full understanding of its pathogenesis, and the best methods of treatment and prevention, can be reached. PMID- 3909582 TI - The efficacy and adequacy of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. AB - Since it was introduced in 1976, continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) has won acceptance in many centres and it is now regarded as an important alternative to haemodialysis. CAPD patients have comparable and, in some circumstances, better survival than those on chronic haemodialysis. It is indicated particularly in patients with diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular instability and at the extremes of life. The success of kidney transplantation is similar in those maintained on CAPD and on haemodialysis. CAPD also achieves satisfactory physical and psychological rehabilitation, and the quality of life, including the level of sexual function, is similar during CAPD and haemodialysis. Women on CAPD menstruate more often than those on haemodialysis. CAPD provides adequate clearance of metabolic wastes, maintains fluid balance and ameliorates neurotoxic cognitive dysfunction. CAPD gives control of hypertension and anaemia which is superior to that on haemodialysis. Neuropathy remains stable but osteitis fibrosa seems to progress. CAPD is the most economical of the various forms of dialysis. We conclude that CAPD is an adequate form of replacement and should be made available in every nephrology centre providing treatment for patients with end-stage renal disease. PMID- 3909583 TI - Five hundred years of the nephrotic syndrome: 1484-1984. AB - The nephrotic syndrome has emerged over several centuries as the consequence of continued profuse proteinuria, arising in turn from a variety of lesions affecting the glomerulus which impair glomerular ability to retain plasma proteins, in particular, albumin. As a syndrome, it has its own complications and requires its own management irrespective of the underlying lesions. Dissection of these by renal biopsy and by clinical investigation reveals a variety of systemic diseases which affect the kidney, but a majority of primary immune-based diseases appear unique to the glomerulus. Whether the lesion called by Muller and Munk 'nephrosis', and now called minimal change disease and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is one disease or many, is the subject of intense debate at the moment, as is the relationship between two types of lesion. Only a better understanding of their pathogenesis, and of how the glomerulus normally retains plasma protein, will solve this knotty problem. PMID- 3909584 TI - High cost dialysis and transplantation--dilemmas for nephrologists and nations. AB - The linked successes of dialysis and transplantation pose dilemmas for nephrologists struggling to meet the clinical need and for health care planners wondering where to find the resources required. The low rate of acceptance of new patients in the UK compares unfavourably with the service given in other countries. Successful rationing is achieved by a sparse distribution of centres and of specialists and operates through a low rate of referral of patients to nephrologists. Political initiative is beginning to emerge to redress the underprovision of facilities by setting realistic targets before regional health authorities. PMID- 3909585 TI - HLA matching and cadaver kidney transplantation--status 1984. AB - The effect of HLA matching on cadaver kidney graft survival was analysed in over 9000 transplants. Matching for HLA-A and -B accounted for an improvement of 8% in the one-year survival rate, matching for HLA-DR for 10%, and matching for HLA-B + DR for 19%. The matching effect of the HLA-B and HLA-DR loci was additive. Patients without pre-transplant transfusions had lower graft survival rates than transfused patients, even if their grafts were HLA matched. The highest success rate was obtained in transfused recipients who received HLA matched kidneys. PMID- 3909586 TI - High risk factors in transplantation. AB - A standardised system of assessing risk factors for renal transplant outcome and patient survival has been assessed. PMID- 3909587 TI - Improved patient and graft survival using cyclosporin A in cadaver renal transplantation. AB - In two consecutive prospective randomised trials cyclosporin A has been compared with conventional immunosuppressive therapy (azathioprine and steroids) and with cyclosporin combined with steroids. The present report is a 4 year review and includes 165 patients.Cyclosporin A alone had a significant advantage over conventional therapy at both 1 and 3 years (p = 0.02) for both patient and graft survival. No significant difference was seen when cyclosporin was combined with steroids. Nephrotoxicity was the most troublesome side-effect of cyclosporin A - but this resolved spontaneously on withdrawal of the drug. PMID- 3909588 TI - Twenty five years of haemodialysis. A tribute to the pioneer work of the Belfast Renal Unit. PMID- 3909589 TI - Peroperative staging of renal carcinoma. A methodologic comparison. AB - Angiography, computed tomography and ultrasonography were compared with respect to staging of renal carcinoma in 41 patients with 46 renal tumours. Angiography and ultrasonography gave correct staging in 52% and 48%, respectively, while correct staging was achieved with computed tomography in 80% of the tumours. PMID- 3909590 TI - Surgery of renal cancer with extensive caval invasion. Suggestion for a new approach. AB - Radical surgery for renal cancer with invasion of the inferior vena cava can improve the patient's quality of life and, in some cases, offer longer survival or even cure. With a carefully planned surgical approach it is possible to remove renal tumours with thrombotic extension to the most proximal part of the inferior vena cava without necessity for cardiopulmonary bypass and without undue risk to the patient. In the operative procedure, good access and visual control of the proximal vena cava and all the contributing veins seem to be crucially important. PMID- 3909591 TI - Management of hydronephrosis in a kidney transplant patient. Case report. AB - A case of hydronephrosis in a transplanted kidney is described. The condition was corrected at emergency operation performed because of complication during insertion of a nephropyelostomy catheter. A pyeloplastic technique was used to solve the problem. PMID- 3909592 TI - Intravesical ethoglucid (Epodyl) for treatment of noninvasive bladder cancer (stage Ta). AB - Widespread, well differentiated (grade I) bladder tumours confined to the mucosa (stage Ta) were treated with regular intravesical instillations of ethoglucid (Epodyl) in 24 patients. The therapeutic schedule could be followed in all but one patient, in whom side effects necessitated cessation of treatment. Complete response was obtained in 75% of the patients, and during continued prophylactic therapy 90% remained tumour-free. After termination of the treatment, however, new tumours appeared in 60-80% of the patients. PMID- 3909593 TI - Renal transplantation in Uppsala. AB - The history and progress of organ transplantation in Uppsala are reviewed. Renal transplantation was begun in 1969, and the programme now comprises 50 to 60 transplants per year. Since 1976 the operation is performed at the department of urology. Close collaboration has been established with other departments in the hospital, especially with the medical nephrology unit. The indications for active management of uraemic patients have broadened, and maintaining resources on a par with the demands has constantly been a problem. This report concerns immunosuppressive therapy, transplantation results and research connected with the transplantation programme and deals briefly with the prospects for Uppsala as a transplantation centre in the future. PMID- 3909594 TI - Urologic complications in 159 consecutive renal transplantations. AB - The urologic complications were reviewed in 159 consecutive renal transplantations. There were 23 major complications (14%) in 22 patients. One patient died as a consequence of urologic complications and two other grafts were lost. In the remaining cases the grafts could be saved by surgical revision or conservative treatment. The principles of diagnosis and treatment of these complications are discussed. PMID- 3909595 TI - Fine-needle biopsies of renal transplants in clinical rejection monitoring. AB - Fine-needle aspiration biopsy( FNAB) of renal allograft transplants has been used at Uppsala University Hospital for 3 years. Experience from 51 consecutive patients (from 1 1/2 years) with 333 FNAB was reviewed. Representative material was obtained in more than 70% of the biopsies. Eleven rejection episodes in 12 patients were confirmed with this method. One was not recognized. Significant inflammation in the kidney without clinical rejection was found in 22 patients. The possible causes of such inflammation are discussed. Repeatedly recorded inflammation in the kidney with minor or no effect on graft function may sometimes be caused by viral infection. The clinical value of FNAB in various immunosuppressive regimens is discussed. PMID- 3909596 TI - Genitourinary trauma. AB - A general review of genitourinary trauma is presented. Current practices, as well as old and more recent controversies involving diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, are discussed. The close cooperation between radiologists and urologists is essential for the most effective management of genitourinary trauma. PMID- 3909597 TI - Radiologic diagnosis of extrarenal genitourinary trauma. AB - The radiologic management of lower genitourinary trauma requires that practitioners be familiar with a wide variety of imaging modalities including retrograde urethrography and cystography, scrotal ultrasonography, and corpus cavernosography. These conventional examinations will provide accurate and clinically relevant data if they are performed using techniques appropriate for the patient. PMID- 3909598 TI - Ultrasonography of scrotal trauma. AB - Ultrasound has emerged as the diagnostic imaging modality of choice in the evaluation of patients with scrotal trauma. Most studies of testicular rupture show great accuracy with virtually no instances of false-positive or false negative diagnoses. Ultrasonography is capable of differentiating between scrotal hematoma, extratesticular fluid collections, posttraumatic torsion testis, posttraumatic epididymitis, epididymal hematoma, as well as testicular rupture. The differentiation of hematocele from pyocele or exudative hydrocele is generally not possible. In patients with suspected testicular rupture, an accurate diagnosis followed by prompt surgical repair is the key to preservation of testicular function. Ultrasound is an extremely useful adjunct to the physical examination in cases of blunt scrotal trauma both for the differential diagnosis of the enlarged scrotum and for determining the necessity for emergency surgery. PMID- 3909599 TI - Improved mirror systems for high resolution ultrasonic imaging. AB - High resolution ultrasonic imaging in a water bath, for example breast imaging, demands a transducer of large aperture. Such an aperture is most easily achieved by the use of mirrors. Previous such mirror systems suffered problems from reverberations between and within their component parts. Changes in the design of the system, and the use of thin metal reflectors, reduce these reverberations to an acceptable level. There is no sacrifice in the focusing performance, and losses in the system are minimized. PMID- 3909600 TI - Attenuation estimation with the zero-crossing technique: phantom studies. AB - Global and local attenuation coefficient estimations were performed in a phantom using a pulse echo method based on the rate of decay of zero crossing density. Focussed and unfocussed 3.5 MHz transducers were used. It was found that good global estimates could be made with either transducer over a 2:1 range of attenuation coefficient. Local estimates exhibit large bias errors and a high degree of variability. This variability diminishes in the focal zone of the focussed transducer and in the far field of the unfocussed transducer. PMID- 3909601 TI - Generalized description and tracking estimation of the frequency dependent attenuation of ultrasound in biological tissues. AB - In this paper a general model for the attenuation in biological tissues is proposed. The model consists of a series expansion of the attenuation coefficient, thereby covering the whole range of frequency dependencies from zero to four. Therefore, effects like pure specular reflections and negligible absorption at one extreme, as well as attenuation due to Rayleigh scattering, at the other extreme, are incorporated. A technique is described to estimate the attenuation in the range of frequency powers in a sampled depth ranging form. The applicability of the technique is illustrated by the results of a simulation. PMID- 3909602 TI - Texture of B-mode echograms: 3-D simulations and experiments of the effects of diffraction and scatterer density. AB - B-mode echograms were simulated by employing the impulse response method in transmission and reception using a discrete scatterer tissue model, with and without attenuation. The analytic signal approach was used for demodulation of the RF A-mode lines. The simulations were performed in 3-D space and compared to B-mode echograms obtained from experiments with scattering tissue phantoms. The average echo amplitude appeared to increase towards the focus and to decrease beyond it. In the focal zone, the average amplitude increased proportionally to the square root of the scatterer density. The signal to noise ratio (SNR) was found to be independent of depth, i.e., 1.91 as predicted for a Rayleigh distribution of gray levels, although a minimum was found in the focal zone at relatively low scatterer densities. The SNR continuously increased with increasing scatterer density and reached the limit of 1.91 at relatively high densities (greater than 10(4) cm-3). The lateral full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the two dimensional autocovariance function of the speckle increased continuously from the transducer face to far beyond the focus and decreased thereafter due to the diffraction effect. The lateral FWHM decreased proportionally to the logarithm of the scatterer density at low densities and reached a limit at high densities. Introduction of attenuation in the simulated tissue resulted in a much more pronounced depth dependence of the texture. The axial FWHM was independent of the distance to the transducer to a first approximation and decreased slightly with increasing scatterer density until a limit was reached at densities larger than 10(3) cm-3. This limit was in agreement with theory. The experiments confirmed the simulations and it can be concluded that the presented results are of great importance to the understanding of B-mode echograms and to the potential use of the analysis of B-mode texture for tissue characterization. PMID- 3909603 TI - Scatterer-induced frequency variations in reflected acoustic pulses: implications for tissue characterization. AB - A Hilbert transform approach to the detection of the instantaneous center frequency of reflected ultrasonic pulses was performed for simulated reflected ultrasonic pulses, and digitized ultrasonic waveforms from tissue phantoms. Considerable center frequency modulation was observed for both simulated and recorded ultrasonic waveforms. This phenomenon of frequency modulation can be explained with the aid of a phasor model, in which variations in instantaneous frequency results from the interaction of a multitude of overlapping ultrasonic pulses arising from different scattering centers in tissue. The observed frequency modulation of ultrasonic signals has important implications for tissue characterization techniques, including the measurement of attenuation by the determination of the shift in ultrasonic center frequency. PMID- 3909604 TI - Prior inverse filtering for the improvement of axial resolution. AB - A prior inverse filtering technique is applied to improve the axial resolution in ultrasonic imaging. The ultrasound transducer is excited by a synthesized signal corresponding to the impulse response of the inverse filter. The diffraction effects of the transducer and the observed scatterer, which limit the performance of the inverse filter, are examined experimentally as well as theoretically. Using a B-scan image of a tissue-equivalent phantom, we demonstrate the possibility of applying the prior inverse filtering method to improve medical ultrasound images. PMID- 3909605 TI - Comment on Vaknine, R. and Lorenz, W.J. Lateral filtering of medical ultrasonic B scans before image generation. AB - In a recent paper, Vaknine and Lorenz discuss the merits of lateral deconvolution of demodulated B-scans. While this technique will decrease the lateral blurring of single discrete targets, such as the diaphragm in their figure 3, it is inappropriate to apply the method to the echoes arising from inhomogeneous structures such as soft tissue. In this latter case, the echoes from individual scatterers within the resolution cell of the transducer interfere to give random fluctuations in received echo amplitude termed speckle. Although his process can be modeled as a linear convolution similar to that of conventional image formation theory, the process of demodulation is a nonlinear process which loses the all-important phase information, and prevents the subsequent restoration of the image by Wiener filtering, itself a linear process. PMID- 3909606 TI - Physics, facts, and artifacts of diagnostic ultrasound. PMID- 3909607 TI - Sonography of the liver, gallbladder, and spleen. AB - Focal hepatic and splenic lesions, vascular abnormalities, and disorders of the biliary system can readily be detected with ultrasonography. The sonographic appearance in certain cases may be nonspecific, but the differential diagnosis can be substantially narrowed when the presenting clinical signs are considered. Ultrasonography is less helpful when the liver or spleen is diffusely involved without parenchymal abnormalities. However, certain diseases may also be eliminated from diagnostic consideration on the basis of this finding. Percutaneous ultrasound guided biopsy markedly improves the success and safety of obtaining a definitive diagnosis when either diffuse or focal lesions are present. Sonography has also been very beneficial for serially evaluating the response to therapy once focal lesions of the liver or spleen have been identified. PMID- 3909608 TI - Sonography of the kidney. AB - Sonographic scanning techniques of the kidney are presented. Normal nephrosonographic anatomy is given as a basis for comparison with the sonographic appearance of various renal lesions. The sonographic appearance of renal calculi, hydronephrosis, renal parenchymal and cystic disease, and renal neoplasia is described. PMID- 3909609 TI - Two-dimensional, gray-scale ultrasonography. Applications in canine prostatic disease. AB - The technique of and general appearance of suprapubic gray-scale prostatic ultrasonography in the dog are described. Using case examples, the various spontaneous diseases of the canine prostate are described and compared to the defined normal appearance of the prostate. An integrated approach to imaging the canine prostate gland is advocated and includes radiographic techniques, specifically distension retrograde urethrocystography. A clinically relevant classification scheme for use with microbiologic, cytologic, and imaging techniques is proposed. PMID- 3909610 TI - Two-dimensional, gray-scale abdominal ultrasonography. General interpretation and abdominal masses. AB - The techniques of and general interpretive principles of gray-scale, two dimensional abdominal ultrasonography in small animals are described. Using case examples, commonly encountered imaging artifacts and categories of disease are integrated with a description of what was obtained by radiography. Tissue echogenicity as a basis for general assessment of organ abnormalities as well as the expectations (interpretive and prognostic) one should have of abdominal ultrasonography are presented. PMID- 3909611 TI - Ultrasound-guided biopsy. AB - Ultrasound-guided biopsy is a good and feasible technique in dogs. Although we have only used it for biopsy of liver and kidney, it can have further uses. In our use of ultrasound-guided biopsy of kidney and liver, we have found that we can achieve adequate biopsy samples using the Franklin modified Vim-Silverman and Tru Cut biopsy of kidney and liver. The fine-needle biopsies of the liver were adequate for examination of hepatocytes but inadequate to evaluate structure owing to small size of the sample. In contrast, the renal fine-needle samples were both poor in quality and quantity. This technique has the advantages of being noninvasive, quick, and easy, and it can be performed with the patient under local anesthesia. It has an advantage over blind percutaneous biopsy because the needle can be visualized in the organ and the organ scanned after biopsy for possible complications. Another advantage is that, unlike other radiographic biopsy procedures, ionizing radiation is not used for imaging. PMID- 3909612 TI - Ultrasonography of the eye and orbit. AB - The eye and orbit are excellent subjects for ultrasonic evaluation. Examination and interpretation are relatively simple procedures. The normal ultrasonic anatomy of the eye and orbit is presented. Some examples of ocular and orbital pathology are discussed also. PMID- 3909613 TI - Pathology of spontaneous colibacillosis in a broiler flock. AB - Forty-eight of 134 chickens collected from a flock on a broiler farm were diagnosed pathologically and microbiologically to have colibacillosis. Both acute septicemia (seven birds, 1 to 36 days old) and subacute serositis (41 birds, 5 to 57 days old) were found. The former consisted of necrosis with fibrinous exudates in the ellipsoids and lymphoid follicles of the spleen, and fibrinous thrombi in sinusoids of the liver with occasional necrosis of hepatic cells. The latter had fibrinopurulent inflammation with granulomatous changes in the serosal tissues- including the epicardium, pericardium, and hepatic peritoneal sac--accompanied by septicemic lesions in the spleen and liver. Respiratory lesions (airsacculitis, pneumonia, and tracheitis) were noted in most chickens affected with acute septicemia and subacute serositis. Degenerative changes also were observed in the bursa of Fabricius. PMID- 3909614 TI - Radiation-induced megakaryoblastic leukemia in a dog. PMID- 3909615 TI - Influence of liver fat on experimental Escherichia coli mastitis in periparturient cows. AB - Eleven cows with a wide range of liver fat (5.7 to 51.4 per cent) at seven days post partum were experimentally infected in a single quarter with a capsular Escherichia coli at 10 days post partum. The results suggested that a fatty liver in itself does not influence the severity of mastitis. All animals had clinical mastitis 10 hours after infection but no animals became severely ill and no treatment was given. Four out of five animals in the group with less than 20.2 per cent liver fat had bacteria in their milk at 10 hours after infection but these bacteria were eliminated by 12 hours. The six animals in the group with more than 28.3 per cent fat in their liver retained viable bacteria in the udder for much longer; with two animals bacteria were shed and abnormal milk was secreted for up to four months despite antibiotic therapy. PMID- 3909616 TI - Lamarck vs Darwin. PMID- 3909617 TI - Carriage of Corynebacterium pyogenes by the cattle nuisance flies Hydrotaea irritans (Fallen) and Musca autumnalis (De Geer). AB - Two species of cattle-visiting Muscidae were experimentally contaminated with C. pyogenes, a pathogen involved in the aetiology of summer mastitis. Surface contamination persisted for at least 4 days. Since M. autumnalis would not feed on media containing C. pyogenes the bacterium did not persist internally. All C. pyogenes were eliminated from the gut of H. irritans in 4 days. H. irritans is thus more likely to transmit C. pyogenes than is M. autumnalis but only by mechanical transfer, and is not a true vector. PMID- 3909618 TI - Immune responses to mycoplasma infections of the respiratory tract. AB - Mycoplasmas are capable of causing respiratory disease in a number of species of animals. The pathogenicity of the mycoplasma species ranges from those that cause major disease outbreaks and economic loss to what might be considered the more highly evolved and successful parasites at the other end of the spectrum that survive for long periods in the host without being recognised and evicted. This prolonged colonisation of mucous membranes which is typical of many mycoplasmas is related to certain unique features of the mycoplasma and its interaction with the hosts immune system. An initial step in infection is the attachment of the mycoplasma to the epithelial lining of the respiratory tract. Lack of cell wall confers plasticity and may engender the intimate association of mycoplasma and host cell that has been noted. This in turn may favour persistence of the extracellular parasite. Before the specific immune response is produced avoidance of the non-specific immune mechanisms would clearly aid survival. Both passive (capsules) and active (toxic effects) mechanisms of avoiding phagocytosis have been proposed. Both humoral and cell mediated responses are generated by mycoplasma infections. The serum antibody response follows the usual course IgM, G and A. The indications of cell mediated immunity that have been reported include; delayed type hypersensitivity reactions, lymphocyte transformation responses and inhibition of macrophage migration. The concept that the pathological lesions are in a large part due to host reactivity is well accepted. The lung lesions may contain infiltrating and dividing lymphocytes some of which are producing specific antibody. Evidence for the lung lesion in some animals being partly due to the hosts cell mediated response has also been produced. The local immune response appears to be of greater relevance to immunity to infection than the systemic response, in general the association between local antibody and immunity is much better than for serum antibody. Of particular note is the high contribution of local IgG production, particularly in the lower respiratory tract. Attempts are now being made to use this increased understanding to produce effective killed vaccines that produce immune responses in the lung. Such studies will hopefully lead to the development of 'killed' vaccines that are effective. It can be urged that mycoplasmas would be less pathogenic if they did not produce an inflammatory response and some species have been shown to have an immunosuppressive effect. Such a property could affect the lesion, and hence pathogenicity, and also aid mycoplasma persistence.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3909619 TI - Immunology of fungal infections in animals. AB - The nature of immunity to fungal infection is discussed predominantly for mammals and birds. T-cell-mediated immunity seems essential for recovery both from cutaneous and mucosal infections (Candida, Malassezia and dermatophytes) and from infections of systemic fungal pathogens (Cryptococcus, Blastomyces, Histoplasma, and Coccidioides). Often chronic progressive disease caused by these fungi is associated with a depression or absence of T-cell-mediated immunity to antigens of the infecting fungus. In contrast recovery from disease, or absence of clinical disease after exposure to these fungi, is associated with the presence of strong T-cell-mediated immune responses to the fungus. The activation of macrophages and the stimulation of epidermal growth and keratinization are the processes induced by T-cell-mediated immunity which result in the resolution of systemic or cutaneous and mucosal disease. Other cell types, for example NK cells and PMNs (polymorphonuclear leucocytes), may be important in these diseases in reducing the effective amount of inoculum to which an animal is exposed and thereby reducing the likelihood of disseminated disease. Invasive opportunistic fungi (Candida, Aspergillus, Mucorales) are resisted by PMNs which attach to the hyphae or pseudohyphae and damage them via an extracellular mechanism. Other host cell types may be important in natural resistance, fungal spores being handled by the macrophages which, under conditions when animals are not immunosuppressed, are likely to be an effective first line of defense. Subcutaneous pathogens and miscellaneous other fungal diseases are discussed from a point of view of host immunity and immunodiagnosis. Vaccine development for ringworm and for other mycoses is discussed. PMID- 3909620 TI - Defences of the bovine mammary gland against infection and prospects for their enhancement. PMID- 3909622 TI - Assessment of attachment, ingestion, and killing of Escherichia coli by bovine polymorphonuclear cells with combined micromethods. AB - A set of microassays separately measuring attachment, ingestion, and overall killing of Escherichia coli by bovine granulocytes was devised and its analytical potential used to test the effect of drugs which block intracellular killing: sodium azide, phenylbutazone, chloroquine phosphate were all inactive, suggesting that O2-dependent systems were not the sole pathway involved in the killing of E.coli by granulocytes. The microtechniques were also used to investigate the opsonic requirements for phagocytosis of two E.coli strains. Absorption of normal bovine serum with the homologous and the heterologous strains showed that specific antibodies were necessary to induce attachment of bacteria to phagocytes. Once bound to granulocytes, the unencapsulated strain P4 was engulfed, whereas for the encapsulated strain B117, complement was required for the internalization step of phagocytosis. With immune serum the need for complement was not absolute. PMID- 3909621 TI - Monocyte function in rhesus monkeys with simian acquired immune deficiency syndrome. AB - Monocyte function in rhesus monkeys with simian acquired immune deficiency syndrome (SAIDS) was compared with that in age-matched normal juvenile rhesus monkeys. The functional tests were 1) chemotaxis, 2) phagocytosis of opsonized Candida albicans, 3) killing and/or growth inhibition of Candida albicans, 4) generation of respiratory burst, and 5) monocyte-derived macrophage response (morphology and/or respiratory burst) to stimulating agents such as lymphokines, gamma interferon, endotoxin, and phorbol myristate acetate. The monkeys tested had either clinical SAIDS (alive with lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, and lymphopenia or neutropenia) or had terminal SAIDS (moribund due to the disease). Responses of monocytes from 14 monkeys with clinical SAIDS were indistinguishable from those of 9 normal juvenile rhesus monkeys, whereas monocytes from 3 monkeys with terminal SAIDS had enhanced phagocytosis and respiratory burst capacity. Chemotaxis, candidacidal/stasis activity, and response to stimulating agents were normal in these terminal cases. Plasma from the SAIDS monkeys was as capable of opsonizing yeasts and of being able to generate chemotactic factors by endotoxin as was control plasma. SAIDS retrovirus (SRV) was detected by co-cultivation of pure monocyte-derived macrophage cultures with Raji cells, an indicator cell line which forms syncytia in the presence of SRV. Four terminal SAIDS cases and one late-stage clinical SAIDS case were virus-positive when the number of macrophages in the cultures ranged from less than 50 to about 500. Terminal SAIDS monocyte derived macrophages in culture as long as 17 days produced SRV. These data show that in monkeys with SAIDS the major effector functions of monocytes and macrophages involved in host defense are intact (even up until death). Additionally, some of the monocytes are productively infected, and these infected monocytes are viable and adherent in culture. PMID- 3909623 TI - In vivo and in vitro effects of three glucocorticoids on blood leukocyte chemotaxis in the dog. AB - The effects of three glucocorticoids on random migration (RM) and oriented migration (OM) of dog blood leukocytes either from dogs treated in vivo (at therapeutic dosage regimen) or leukocytes treated in vitro (at pharmacological concentrations), were investigated using an agarose gel technique. After in vivo treatment, methylprednisolone sodium succinate (MPSS) produced a stimulation of both RM and OM in the three treated dogs. Dexamethasone produced a stimulation of both RM and OM in the three treated dogs. Dexamethasone produced a stimulation of these parameters in all but one of the three treated dogs, but the difference was not statistically significant. After in vitro treatment of leukocytes from eight dogs, MPSS significantly stimulated OM. Dexamethasone was without significant effect except at a higher than therapeutic concentration (0.5 micrograms/ml), for which RM was stimulated. Hydrocortisone sodium succinate was without statistically significant effect. Under no conditions, except after suprapharmacological concentrations, did glucocorticoids inhibit RM or OM. PMID- 3909624 TI - Serum antibodies to antigens derived from a saline extract of Pasteurella haemolytica: correlation with resistance to experimental bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis. AB - The serum antibody response was determined to 6 antigen groups (AG's) derived from a saline extract (SE) of Pasteurella haemolytica, serotype 1. Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, sera were analyzed from 65 calves that had been previously vaccinated with saline, the unfractionated SE, a bacterin, or live P. haemolytica. The serum antibody responses to the 6 AG's were correlated with resistance to an experimental transthoracic challenge with the organism. The antibody responses to AG's 1, 5, and 6 appeared to be potentially important in resistance to challenge. In the 3 experiments conducted, a significantly higher (p less than 0.05) increase in antibody was seen to AG's 1, 5, and 6 in calves vaccinated with live organisms compared to those vaccinated with the bacterin. A significant correlation (p less than 0.05) was seen between high antibody to AG 1 and resistance to challenge in all 3 experiments. In 2 of the 3 experiments, a significant correlation (p less than 0.05) was seen among high antibody titers to AG's 5 and 6 and resistance, whereas in 1 experiment the correlation was significant (p less than 0.05) between antibody to AG 4 and resistance. A rise in antibody to AG's 2 and 3 was seen only in calves vaccinated with SE. Because AG's 1, 5, and 6 are higher in carbohydrate than the other AG's, this suggests that antibody to polysaccharide antigens may be important to resistance. Other potentially protective antigens of P. haemolytica are discussed. PMID- 3909625 TI - Saline-extracted antigens of Pasteurella haemolytica: separation by chromatofocusing, preliminary characterization, and evaluation of immunogenicity. AB - Saline extracts of logarithmic-phase Pasteurella haemolytica, serotype 1, were separated by chromatofocusing. The resulting fractions were analyzed by immunodiffusion and an enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay, and six antigen groups (AG's) were identified. AG 1 did not bind to the column, AG's 2, 3 and 4 were eluted with a decreasing pH gradient, and AG's 5 and 6 were eluted with an increasing NaC1 gradient. Fractions containing each AG were pooled and further purified by gel filtration. The AG's were subsequently characterized as to protein, carbohydrate and 2-keto-3-deoxyoctanate (KDO) content. AG's 1, 5, and 6 had higher carbohydrate contents than AG's 2, 3 and 4. Only AG 5 contained detectable levels of KDO. The AG's were also analyzed by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting. Each AG produced a characteristic pattern of proteins and antigens, although two antigenic proteins were common to all AG's. AG 1 contained the greatest number of antigenic proteins. Immunization of mice with each AG in Freund's incomplete adjuvant resulted in a strong antibody response to the homologous AG for four of the six AG's. Limited protection against a P. haemolytica challenge was observed in mice that were immunized with AG 2 or 4. PMID- 3909626 TI - [Therapeutic aspects of coli mastitis in ruminants]. AB - Cows with coliform mastitis showed, in addition to fever, tachycardia and ruminal stasis and a concatenation of nonspecific responses, such as neutrophylic leukopenia followed by leukocytosis, lymphopenia, hypocalcaemia, hypoferraemia, hypozincaemia, and hypercupremia, and changes in the concentration of certain serum proteins. Similar responses occurred in cows and goats when mastitis was induced by an E. coli endotoxin or following the i/v injection of such endotoxin. Research suggested that in cows with clinical mastitis the symptoms of a generalized disease were predominantly the result of the release of phagocyte endogenous proteins at the site of inflammation in the mammary gland. Another inflammatory protein was the leukocytic endothelial mediator which changed the plasma concentrations of trace elements. Local treatment with the rather toxic antibiotic, polymyxin B, blocked the effect of the endotoxin administered via the udder on plasma Zn and Fe values. Therefore, local treatment with this drug seemed to be indicated with cows having E. coli mastitis. Based on pharmacokinetic behaviour parenteral treatment of such cows with trimethoprim or chloramphenicol appeared to be interest. Furthermore fluboprofen, a nonsteroid antiinflammatory agent was shown to possess a beneficial effect in cows with experimental E. coli mastitis. PMID- 3909627 TI - [Effect of ultraviolet-irradiated autologous blood on the biochemical indices of sheep with a Corynebacterium infection]. AB - Twelve sheep were used in two groups of six animals each (a control and a test one). Both control and test animals were infected with a 24-hour broth culture of Corynebacterium pyogenes. The infection was followed up in the course of five days after which the animals of both groups were subjected to autohemotransfusion, whereas the blood transfused with the controls was not treated, and the blood transfused with the test animals was treated with ultra violet rays in vitro. Following the transfusion of both untreated and treated blood the amount of blood sugar rose, it reaching higher levels in the case UV treated blood. There were changes in the total protein and the protein fractions induced by the Corynebacterial infection, however, the initial levels were more rapidly restored in the case of transfusing UV-treated blood. With autohemotransfusion the values of glutamate-oxalacetate transaminase and glutamate-pyruvate transaminase in all animals dropped. The change was more rapidly and more strongly expressed with the transfusion of UV-treated blood. PMID- 3909628 TI - [Immunofluorescent demonstration of respiratory syncytial virus infection in calves]. AB - Specific high-titre bovine conjugated antisera were obtained against respiratory syncytial virus. Use was made of the reference strain Nomi and the local isolate Antonovo/448. The conjugates produced were shown to have equal qualities to those of the Belgian conjugate used for comparison. The anti-Antonovo/448 conjugated serum was used in the direct immunofluorescent method to demonstrate a respiratory syncytial virus antigen in organs of animals with acute respiratory diseases as well as to control the replication of the virus in cell cultures. An infection with a respiratory syncytial virus was demonstrated with the employment of the same test in 16 per cent of a total of 119 samples taken from diseased animals. In the inoculation of the diploid cell culture of lamb thyroid gland with strains of the virus a specific antigen was established at the forty-eighth to the seventy-second hour following infection. PMID- 3909629 TI - [Acetone-celloidin method for the cytological and immunofluorescent study of cell cultures infected with various viruses]. AB - A method was worked out for the extraction of a cell monolayer from test tubes with the use of 10 per cent acetone solution of celloidin. This made it possible to carry out parallel cytologic and immunofluorescent studies of cultures infected with various viruses. In contrast to the alcohol-ether celloidin used in histology the use of the acetone solution of celloidin, suggested by us, preserved to a larger extent the viruses of different structure and composition, and, therefore, was shown to be more suitable in immunofluorescent investigations. The method was employed for the cytologic and the immunofluorescent identification of newly isolated virus agents. It was also used in the controlled replication of noncytopathogenic and slightly cytopathogenic strains of bovine rotaviruses, corona viruses, respiratory-syncytial virus, pestivirus, and others that required roller cultivation. The celloidin method makes it possible to obtain from one to four preparations with material of the cell monolayer of each test tube, and renders it unnecessary to maintain permanently cultures on glass lamellas. PMID- 3909631 TI - [Is naphthalene carcinogenic?]. PMID- 3909630 TI - [Hormonal response following the use of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, estradiol and gestil in sheep]. AB - Studies were carried out in an anestral season with three ovariectomized and four intact sheep to establish the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis. It was found that following three-fold injections with GnRH (250 ng, 250 ng, and 40 micrograms) at 2-hour intervals an immediate rise of the luteinizing hormone in the peripheral blood followed, tending to increase further with each injection. The concentration of this hormone after treatment with 17-beta estradiol at the rate of 20 micrograms was first suppressed below the initial level up to the 8-12th hour, followed by a peak in its release between the 12th and the 24th hour. At stimulation with gonadotropic preparations the ovaries in the intact sheep responded with the gradual rise of the 17-beta-estradiol level, reaching a maximum at the 18th hour following injection, while in the ovariectomized animals there were no essential changes with the treatment during the experimental period. Data made it reasonable to believe that the application of these preparations might be useful in testing the functional state of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis in sheep. PMID- 3909632 TI - [75th anniversary of the publication of N. N. Petrov's manual "A General Theory of Tumors"]. PMID- 3909633 TI - [Characteristics of protein digestion in artificial feeding in an experiment]. AB - It has been established that during artificial feeding with milk substitute containing different protein components (casecite, bovine serum albumin, fibrinogen), the proximal-distal gradient of cavitary digestion of proteins is observed, with this gradient being more demonstrable as compared with natural feeding of postnatal animals. It has been shown that during experimental natural feeding, the proximal-distant gradient is observed in the distribution of acid proteinases in the small bowel, whereas during artificial feeding one can see a uniform distribution of acid proteinases in the proximal and distal parts of the small bowel. The activity of acid proteinases in the gastric mucosa of 18-day-old animals kept on natural feeding does not differ from the activity of these proteinases under artificial feeding with a substitute containing casecite as protein component. Artificial feeding with a substitute containing bovine serum albumin and fibrinogen as protein component entails a decrease in the activity of acid proteinases in the gastric mucosa. PMID- 3909634 TI - [Biochemical properties of enterobacteria on polystyrene plates]. AB - The authors studied 84 strains of enterobacteria. The reliability of the results of the biochemical testing obtained by the micromethod with the use of polystyrene plates was examined comparatively to the data obtained by the classical method and API microsystems manufactured in France. Of the 84 strains of enterobacteria, 36 belonged to Proteus, 24 to Enterobacter, 8 to Klebsiella, 5 to Citrobacter, and 11 to E. coli. Of the strains tested, 50 were isolated from the intestine of children and adults, 30 from the residual microflora of foods, and 4 were museum strains. Study according to 23 tests on the conventional media with consideration of the results after 18 to 48 hours demonstrated the coincidence of the data, obtained by the methods used, for most strains. This circumstance permits recommending the micromethod for testing the biochemical properties of enterobacteria on polystyrene plates for broad-scale use. PMID- 3909635 TI - [History of the study of nutrition in the Soviet North]. PMID- 3909636 TI - Alloimmunisation to HLA antigens following transfusion with leucocyte-poor and purified platelet suspensions. AB - 24 previously non-transfused patients were given three transfusions of 200 X 10(8) platelets at 14-day intervals. Group I (12 patients) received leucocyte poor platelet suspensions with a mean contamination of 15 X 10(6) leucocytes per transfusion. Group II (12 patients) received platelets with less than 5 X 10(6) leucocytes per transfusion. 5 patients in group I and no patients in group II developed lymphocytotoxic antibodies (p = 0.037). Platelets with fewer than 5 X 10(6) leucocytes did not seem to stimulate a response to major histocompatibility antigens, but with a small contaminating dose of leucocytes appeared to be highly immunogenic. PMID- 3909638 TI - [Epidemiologic significance of circulating pathogenic Escherichia among patients, carriers and on objects in the environment]. PMID- 3909637 TI - Use of chloroquine-treated granulocytes and platelets in the diagnosis of immune cytopenias. AB - A chloroquine modification of the fluorescent antiglobulin technique has been used to demonstrate cell-specific antibodies in the presence of HLA antibodies. This is of particular value in the diagnosis of alloimmune neonatal thrombocytopenia and neutropenia, post-transfusion purpura, and in the investigation of febrile non-haemolytic transfusion reactions and of patients refractory to platelet transfusions. PMID- 3909639 TI - Pulmonary alveolar type II epithelial cells and adult respiratory distress syndrome. AB - During the past ten years, functions of alveolar type II cells have been well characterized with isolated cells in vitro. Some of the functions were well known from studies in vivo, but others such as transepithelial sodium transport were unsuspected. A better understanding of this important pulmonary cell type improves our knowledge of the pathophysiology of adult respiratory distress syndrome and may in time lead to new therapeutic strategies. PMID- 3909640 TI - Cimetidine therapy for gastroesophageal reflux disease. AB - In a Canadian multicenter trial, a new dosing regimen of cimetidine (Tagamet)-600 mg given twice a day-was compared with the standard regimen of 300 mg four times a day in 118 evaluable patients with endoscopically proved esophagitis. More than 90% of the patients evaluated had clinically moderate to severe esophagitis. After four weeks of therapy, both regimens had significantly reduced the number of episodes and the severity and duration of the worst episodes of daytime and nighttime heartburn, as evaluated by visual analogue scales. After eight weeks of therapy, this improvement persisted. There was no difference between the regimens. Healing was observed endoscopically in 57% of patients receiving cimetidine 300 mg four times a day and in 55% of those receiving 600 mg twice a day. Side effects were infrequent and minor. PMID- 3909641 TI - Nosocomial pneumonia in patients in intensive care units. AB - Nosocomial pneumonia is a major cause of mortality among patients in intensive care units, despite recent advances in antimicrobial therapy. Aerobic Gram negative bacilli remain the pathogens responsible for most of these pneumonias. These organisms colonize the oropharynx of severely ill patients, and their subsequent aspiration results in lower respiratory tract infection. Recent investigation into the pathogenesis of oropharyngeal bacterial colonization has shown the central importance of bacterial adherence mechanisms. PMID- 3909642 TI - Selection of patients with non-small-cell lung carcinoma for surgical resection. AB - Cancer of the lung is rapidly increasing in incidence in both sexes and soon will overtake breast cancer as the most deadly cancer in women. Selection of patients with non-small-cell carcinoma for surgical resection is largely based on preoperative clinical staging, using the American Joint Committee on Cancer's TNM based group staging protocol. Determining the presence or absence of mediastinal nodal metastasis is paramount and is currently best achieved by computed tomographic scanning of the chest and biopsy of enlarged nodes via mediastinoscopy. Certain types of stage III lesions, previously excluded from surgical treatment, are now recognized as operable. PMID- 3909644 TI - Cellular basis for injury and repair in the adult respiratory distress syndrome. PMID- 3909646 TI - 'I and my sciatica'. PMID- 3909645 TI - Insulin and the suicidal patient. PMID- 3909643 TI - Chemotherapy for herpes simplex virus infections. PMID- 3909647 TI - [Renal abscesses]. PMID- 3909648 TI - [Analysis of growth curves of Trichomonas vaginalis in the presence of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli]. PMID- 3909649 TI - [Preliminary comparison of the results of treatment of taeniasis with "Radaverm" and "Yomesan"]. PMID- 3909650 TI - [Ultrasonic examination of the biliary tract, liver and pancreas in children with giardiasis]. PMID- 3909651 TI - [Thrombocyte replacement in hematologic diseases]. AB - This report presents a strategy for platelet support, which was used in patients suffering from acute leukaemia undergoing remission induction, and in patients treated by bone marrow transplantation (BMT) or by antithymocyte globulin (ATG). Platelet concentrates were produced from single donors by means of platelet pheresis with cell separators, with a yield of 3.0 to 4.0 X 10(11) platelets per platelet pheresis. Platelet support was investigated in 84 patients with acute leukaemia, median age 43 years (range 14 to 86), in 36 patients with BMT, median age 22 years (range 3 to 14) and in 6 patients treated with ATG, median age 40 years (range 11 to 44). Platelet transfusions were performed when the platelet count was about 20 X 10(9)/l, whether or not haemorrhage was present. When diagnostic puncture was performed or surgical intervention was necessary, platelets were given at a platelet count of below 80 X 10(9)/l. During remission induction the patients with acute leukaemia required, on average, 8 platelet concentrates, whereas in patients undergoing BMT the transfusion of 4 to 15 platelet concentrates was necessary, depending on the underlying disease. The requirement for patients treated with ATG was about 20 platelet concentrates. This strategy contributed to the low mortality of 3% from haemorrhage, despite the aggressive treatment. PMID- 3909652 TI - [The selection of organ recipients according to the ABO blood group match. Theory and practice]. AB - The AB0 distribution of the population of Vienna is compared with HLA A, B, C, DR typed transplanted patients (n = 780), kidney donors and potential recipients on the waiting list. The significant differences of AB0 distribution is caused by using group 0 kidney donors for non-0 recipients and donors of groups 0, A and B for group AB recipients. This procedure minimizes the chance of group 0 patients to receive transplants and should be kept in mind by the selection of DR compatible recipients. It is also known that group 0 grafts can develop immune anti A or anti B to the (non-group 0) host, resulting in destruction of the recipient's red cells. The development of such acquired haemolytic anaemia occurs with cyclosporin A medication for immunosuppression. PMID- 3909653 TI - Postoperative adaptation of the small intestine. PMID- 3909655 TI - Small bowel transplantation. PMID- 3909654 TI - An epilogue to jejunoileal bypass. PMID- 3909656 TI - Recurrent adhesive small bowel obstruction. PMID- 3909657 TI - The continent ileostomy (Kock's pouch) versus the restorative proctocolectomy (pelvic pouch). PMID- 3909658 TI - Minerals in foods: dietary sources, chemical forms, interactions, bioavailability. PMID- 3909659 TI - The effects of vitamin E on ozone and nitrogen dioxide toxicity. PMID- 3909660 TI - Thiamin status in Australia. PMID- 3909661 TI - Mechanism of progression and regression of atherosclerosis. PMID- 3909662 TI - [Johann Lucas Schonlein and the beginnings of the Berlin clinical school]. PMID- 3909663 TI - [Development of hematology at the Charite]. PMID- 3909664 TI - [History of medicine aspects in the scientific work of prominent public health figures]. PMID- 3909665 TI - [Some historical problems of urban environmental stress, exemplified by Erfurt]. PMID- 3909666 TI - [Evaluation of thrombocyte-induced immunomodulation in the tetanus-infected mouse]. AB - The infection model of the mouse-tetanus assay was utilized in experiments to test for immunomodulating effects of thrombocyte preparations. It has been established that the substances of platelets cause alteration of tetanus reactivity in mice which occurs in two phases: a non-specific early effect starting only a few hours after application displaying a drastic increase of resistance of the animals to sporangium activity (possibly through enhancement of phagocytosis or bypass operation). A late phase of effectiveness develops after weeks, visible by an increase of morbidity and mortality following a repeated challenge which may be due to a decrease of a specific immune response. The immune modulating action is that of an inducer acting in xenogeneic systems and altering also the immune response to transplantation antigens. PMID- 3909667 TI - [Differential diagnosis of malaria]. AB - Several basic principles of the diagnostics and therapy of malaria were repeated from own experience. On the basis of two casuistics the difficulties are shown which may be develop in positive proof of plasmodia, when the acute clinical picture is not caused by the malarial parasites, but represents an independent secondary disease. PMID- 3909668 TI - [Incidence of asymptomatic gallstones in hospital patients]. AB - A total of 1512 hospital patients was screened by ultrasound to evaluate the prevalence of asymptomatic gallstones. Before ultrasound examination each patient filled in a form about his or her symptoms. In 1122 subjects no gallstones were found. 134 subjects had been cholecystectomized, 165 subjects had symptomatic and 91 subjects had asymptomatic gallstones, respectively. An asymptomatic gallstone was prospectively defined being "silent" when no abdominal complaints had occurred. Women had gallstones or cholecystectomy twice as often as men. 34% of the gallstones in men and 36% of the gallstones in women being asymptomatic. Seventy nine percent of the subjects with an asymptomatic stone did not know about their gallstones. The fraction of subjects with gallstones or cholecystectomy and the fraction of gallstones being asymptomatic, both increased with age. Nausea occurred in 5% of the subjects with asymptomatic gallstones, but in 39% of those with symptomatic gallstones or cholecystectomy. Subjects with asymptomatic gallstones complained about food intolerance significantly less often than subjects with symptomatic gallstones or subjects after cholecystectomy. PMID- 3909669 TI - [Protease inhibitors, serum endotoxin and serum immunoglobulins following portacaval end-to-side anastomosis in animal experiments]. AB - In order to clarify the pathophysiological mechanism of certain biochemical and immunological changes (endotoxin in serum, protease inhibitors, immunoglobulins) found in a former study on human cirrhosis of the liver the porto-caval end-to side anastomosis of rats with unaffected livers was chosen as test model. With the aid of this bypass the "spill-over" phenomenon of the liver can be completely imitated. In this study, 7 operated and 5 or 14 control animals resp. are referred to. Serum endotoxin, acid-stable and acid-unstable protease inhibitors and immunoglobulins IgG, IgA and IgM were determined 20 months after operation. For the determination of potential hemodynamically or toxically induced effects on these organs, morphologic liver and lung examinations were performed. On the average, the operated rats showed a weight loss of 8 percent, i.e. from 378.4 +/- 9.2 g to 348.4 +/- 17 g. Compared to control rats, their relative liver weights were significantly lower (34%) (mean = 2.23 +/- 0.2 compared to 3.4 +/- 0.44 g, p less than 0.0005). Serum immunoglobulins IgG, IgA and IgM in operated animals were significantly higher (p less than 0.005 or p less than 0.025 resp. and 0.0025). Endotoxin in serum could be identified in 4 out of 7 operated animals (57, 1%), but in none of the control animals. While there was no difference in serum levels of acid-unstable protease inhibitors between the two groups levels of acid-stable protease inhibitors were in operated animals by 24% higher than in control animals (mean = 35.3 +/- 3.3 compared to 28.5 +/- 2.3 mU/ml, p less than 0.0005).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3909670 TI - [Gallstone formation following transmural migration of a surgical clip in the bile ducts. Case report]. AB - Foreign bodies as a nucleus for precipitation of gall-stones are not frequently observed. The combination of primary immigrated foreign bodies into the bile ducts and following encasing by a gall-stone could be even more rarely found. A case report is presented concerning a patient, in whom a hemo-clip was fixed away from the bile-ducts in connection with a cholecystectomy and revision of the common bile-duct. After hospital admission because jaundice in the PTC was found a prepapillary concrement with a central hemo-clip, which has served as a nucleus for precipitation after transmural immigration. PMID- 3909671 TI - Cryoglobulins in primary biliary cirrhosis: prevalence and modulation by immunosuppressive therapy. AB - Cryoglobulins were measured in 25 patients with PBC and, for comparison purposes, in 25 age- and sex-matched normal individuals as well as 25 patients with chronic active hepatitis (CAH). Cryoglobulins were present in all patients with PBC (median protein content 18 mg/l, range 8-233) and consisted predominantly of IgM, while none of the normal controls and only 20% of the patients with CAH had cryoglobulins. In PBC, a statistically significant correlation was found between cryoglobulin-IgM concentration and other immunological measurements, such as the serum IgM level (p = 0.003) and Clq binding (p less than 0.001). Cryoglobulin-IgM also correlated significantly with alkaline phosphatase (p = 0.002) and liver fibrosis (p = 0.013), but only in a larger group of patients with PBC. In a longitudinal study of patients with PBC, no changes in the cryoglobulin concentration were found following treatment with D-penicillamine alone or placebo, but the cryoglobulin-IgM level decreased significantly during low-dose combination therapy of D-penicillamine and prednisone (median 15,4 mg/l); this was accompanied by a statistically significant decrease in serum alkaline phosphatase. The relation between cryoglobulin-IgM, serum alkaline phosphatase and liver fibrosis is discussed with regard to the pathogenesis of PBC. PMID- 3909673 TI - [Animal experiment studies on the healing of bone transplants by clamping plate fixation following hyperthermic denaturation]. AB - The re-use of resident bone transplants after hyperthermic denaturalization is demonstrated in radiologically, clinically, and histologically in the lower jaw of the domestic pig. Periosteal and enosteal osteogenic effect is induced. PMID- 3909672 TI - [Nuclear medicine diagnosis in auxiliary liver transplantation in the minipig]. AB - Experiences in the blood-flow measurement (133Xe washing out method) and function test (131J-bromsulphthalein, 99mTc-IDA) were reported after auxiliary liver transplantation in miniature swine. Normal values for the global blood-flow [70 (35-144) ml/100 g . min] and the bromsulphthalein half-time (6,5 +/- 2,4 min) were defined pre-operatively. Selective blood-flow measurements were carried out after transplantation invasively. Only insufficient experiences could be received about the liver-cholescintigraphy in consequence of graft insufficiency. PMID- 3909674 TI - [Suppression of recurrent genital herpes by oral acyclovir dosage]. PMID- 3909675 TI - [Beyond Nietzsche and Freud. Documents of 2 psychologists]. PMID- 3909676 TI - [A century of Kjeldahl's nitrogen determination]. PMID- 3909677 TI - [Hartwig Kuhlenbeck 1897-1984]. PMID- 3909678 TI - The hypothalamo-hypophysial system of the lemming, Dicrostonyx torquatus Pallas. II. Seasonal changes in the Gomori-positive neurosecretory centers of the hypothalamus and posterior pituitary (an ultrastructural study). PMID- 3909679 TI - Identification of cells immunoreactive to antisera against porcine pancreatic glucagon in the gastro-intestinal tract of Xenopus laevis. PMID- 3909680 TI - [Suppression of the parasitemia in rodent filariasis (Litomosoides carinii) by immunization with BCG and microfilaria. II. Intravenous BCG application]. AB - By intravenous (i.v.) inoculation of living tuberculosis bacteria (BCG) non specific resistance to microfilariae of Litomosoides carinii (Filarioidea) is induced in cotton rats. This is only possible using the preparation "Immune-BCG Pasteur F" (suspended germs), but not with "Vaccin-BCG pour scarifications" (lyophilized tuberculosis bacteria). After inoculation of Immune-BCG, followed by a challenge infection by 60 infective larvae 6 weeks later, a patent infection develops. However, the level of microfilaraemia is constantly lower than in the control. After challenge infection 12 weeks later, this effect has disappeared. Immune-BCG has no influence on the worm load or the output of microfilariae by the adult worms. If i.v. inoculation of Immune-BCG is combined with a subcutaneous injection of specific antigen--living embryos from the uteri of adult worms--the BCG-activated immune system undergoes specific sensitization. Upon challenge infection 6 weeks later, the microfilaraemia is completely suppressed, but the worm load and production of microfilariae by the adult female worms are normal. If Immune-BCG is injected i.v. 3 days before intraperitoneal injection of freeze-killed microfilariae, there is still constantly reduced microfilaraemia when challenge infection follows 12 weeks later. Obviously, the effect of this relatively weak antigen may be increased by BCG stimulation. PMID- 3909681 TI - Development and characterization of cold-adapted viruses for use as live virus vaccines. AB - Representative viruses from twelve RNA and two DNA virus genera have been successfully adapted to growth at sub-optimal temperature (cold-adapted). In almost every case, there was a correlation between acquisition of the cold adaptation phenotype and loss of virulence in the normal host whether animal or man. Overall, the best method of cold adaptation to develop a live virus vaccine line appeared to be a stepwise lowering of the growth temperature allowing time for multiple lesions to occur and/or be selected. In addition, the starting virus should be a recent isolate not as yet adapted to a tissue culture host and the cold-adaptation process should then occur in a host heterologous to the virus' normal host. These viruses have been reviewed in the light of their cold adaptation method and successful production of an attenuated line as virus vaccine candidate. Finally, detailed information is presented for the cold adaptation process in influenza virus. PMID- 3909682 TI - [Cryotransformation and cryotransfection of bacteria]. PMID- 3909683 TI - [On the 80th birthday of V.D. Timakov]. PMID- 3909684 TI - [Molecular processes as a basis for plasmid-mediated UV resistance and mutagenesis of bacteria]. PMID- 3909685 TI - [Genetic studies of multiple resistant strains of Enterobacteriaceae and their plasmids during long-term microbiological survey of hospitals]. PMID- 3909686 TI - [Indicators of the persistence of L-forms of group B Streptococcus in experimental infection of animals]. PMID- 3909687 TI - [First experience using laser photochemotherapy in cicatricial pemphigoid]. PMID- 3909688 TI - [Effectiveness of zaditen in the treatment of mastocytosis in children]. PMID- 3909690 TI - Donovanosis--a review. PMID- 3909689 TI - [Elementary ratiocination and morphophysiological parallels in the forebrain of birds and mammals]. PMID- 3909691 TI - [Methods of extracorporeal renal artery reconstruction in cadaveric kidney allografts with special reference to microsurgery]. AB - In this paper our experiences with extracorporeal microsurgical repair and transplantation of kidneys with injured accessory renal arteries are described. We present our effort to increase the number of suitable donor kidneys for transplantation. Three extracorporeal reconstructive techniques are used that are applicable to most of the vascular injuries presented by multiple renal arteries: End-to-side-anastomosis between the polar and the main artery. Side-to-side anastomosis of two arteries with the same diameter. Use of autologous vascular grafts, e.g. inferior epigastric artery. 13 allografts underwent ex vivo microsurgical repair of injured polar arteries prior to allotransplantation and 1 patient had an in situ repair. There was no operative complication and only one late arterial stenosis occur, seven transplants currently are functioning. Our clinical experience with ex vivo microsurgical repair has been favourable. The increasing number of transplantable cadaver donor kidneys and the decreasing incidence of urinary fistulas supports their continued application in appropriate situations. PMID- 3909692 TI - The use and microbiological monitoring of specialised washing equipment for a central animal laboratory. PMID- 3909693 TI - [Roentgen computer tomography and sonography in thyroid gland diagnosis]. AB - Echography of the thyroid gland is a non-invasive and simple method without contraindications. The method is reliable, inexpensive and of high diagnostic efficiency. The structural information provided by the ultrasound technique complements the results of laboratory tests and other in-vivo techniques. Normal echogenicity can be observed in health persons as well as in diffuse goiters. An echofree area with enhanced echogenicity is a typical sonogram of a cystic structure. Circumscript enhanced echogenicity is usually due to a benign lesion. Areas of diminished echogenicity may be benign or malignant. In patients with Graves' disease or patients suffering from lymphocytic thyroiditis, diffuse diminished echogenicity is found in a high percentage. CT of thyroid masses allows an exact measurement of the volume of the organ to be made together with its retrosternal parts. CT examinations can locate the spread into the frontal and posterior mediastinum, thus providing optimal operative access to retrosternal goiters. Remnants of thyroid malignancies, lymph-node metastasis, infiltration into the sternum and occlusions of larger vessels due to tumour growth are visible in the CT-Scan. It is not possible to differentiate between malignant tumours or benign masses, if there is no infiltration into the surrounding organs. Also hyperthyroidism and thyreoiditis cannot be differentiated. In our opinion ultrasound examinations should immediately follow the patient's history and physical examination. Additional in-vivo methods should be performed according to the specified problems. PMID- 3909694 TI - [Penetration of a pacemaker into the jejunum following conservative treatment of a pocket infection]. PMID- 3909695 TI - [Methods of chorion sampling for prenatal diagnosis in the 1st trimester of pregnancy. Report of experiences]. AB - Report on first experiences in chorionic villi sampling in the first trimester of 131 pregnancies. Chorion biopsy was performed just before termination of pregnancy in the 9th-11th week of gestation. Of 3 tested biopsy methods we found the biopsy with a flexible forceps under guidance of real-time ultrasound to be the best. PMID- 3909696 TI - [Total urethral rupture in spontaneous delivery]. AB - Report a vaginal laceration combined with a total aporrhexis of urethra in a primipara aged 21 years which occurred during a spontaneous delivery. PMID- 3909697 TI - Lewis Wannamaker in the campaign against rheumatic fever. PMID- 3909698 TI - Membrane proteins of Legionellaceae. II. Serogroup- and species-specific antigens in the outer membrane of Legionella pneumophila. AB - Antigens of the outer membrane of Legionella pneumophila were investigated by means of the immunoblotting-technique using rabbit antisera against three different formaldehyde-inactivated strains, and one heat-inactivated strain of L. pneumophila serogroup 1. Nitrocellulose blots were prepared from membrane fractions extracted with sodium-N-lauryl-sarcosinate from 14 strains of L. pneumophila (eight strains of serogroup 1, and one strain each of serogroups 2-7) and 12 strains of gram-negative rods of various species. After incubation with 125I-protein A or 125I-anti-rabbit IgG immune complexes were identified. These results were compared with Coomassie-stained and silver-stained SDS gels. There was a diffuse reaction in the homologous system between 20 and 80 kilodalton (kDal) after incubation with 125I-protein A, and an intense reaction between 22 and 29 kDal after incubation with 125I-anti-rabbit IgG. Membrane preparations of the different strains of serogroup 1 exhibited clearly discernible patterns. Immunoblots of formaldehyde-inactivated strains when reacted with antiserum against heat-inactivated immunogen showed a single species-specific antigen of approximately 22.5 kDal which could not be assigned to a major protein. Immunoblots of the same antiserum but with heat-inactivated cell wall preparations gave a second species-specific band of approximately 65 kDal. Antisera against formaldehyde-inactivated bacteria demonstrated more complex characteristic patterns, with protein-associated components occurring at 29, 44, 46, 48, 65 and 80 kDal; in addition, cross-reacting fractions were present at 15.5, 17.5 and 22.5 kDal. The 29 kDal major outer membrane protein was immunogenic in most but not all cases. PMID- 3909699 TI - Effects of infection with Eimeria tenella upon Salmonella typhimurium infection in the gnotobiotic chicks. Scanning electron microscopic study. AB - The gnotobiotic chicks infected with Eimeria tenella received an oral inoculation of Salmonella typhimurium 4 or 8 days after E. tenella infection. Chicks were necropsied one day after the salmonella infection. In the experiments 1 and 2, there were two groups; birds infected with S. typhimurium alone and birds infected with a combination of E. tenella and S. typhimurium. The number of S. typhimurium in the cecal contents was significantly greater in the concurrent infections than S. typhimurium infection alone. The S. typhimurium counts in the cecal wall of gnotobiotic chickens killed 5 days after E. tenella infection were significantly greater than those of chickens infected with S. typhimurium alone. In the experiment 3, the scanning electron microscopic study was made on damage of cecal mucosa. There were four groups; uninfected birds as control, birds infected with E. tenella, birds infected with S. typhimurium and birds infected with a combination of E. tenella and S. typhimurium. No damage was observed on the cecal mucosa of both the control and the S. typhimurium infection alone. The concurrent infections caused greater damage on the cecal mucosa than did the E. tenella infection alone. PMID- 3909700 TI - Investigations on the bactericidal activity of fosfomycin using the membrane filter-agar dilution method and the time-kill technique. AB - Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) for a 99% and a 99.9% kill can be reproducibly determined for fosfomycin by the agar dilution procedure when placing the inoculum on top of membrane filters. In 88.7% (85%) of 80 bacterial strains (Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus) examined we found a 99% (99.9%) kill at concentrations higher than the respective MIC by up to one dilution step. For 5% (10%), the bactericidal concentrations were more than two steps higher. Both the MIC and the MBC were influenced by the culture medium. The influence of the medium on fosfomycin activity was also shown by the time-kill curves. In nutrient broth, Mueller-Hinton broth, Iso-Sensitest broth and human plasma water (with and without glucose-6-phosphate) we found different killing rates, different killing maxima and different times of regrowth of the cultures. The bactericidal activity of fosfomycin against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 was more pronounced in plasma water, nutrient broth, and Mueller-Hinton broth than in Iso-Sensitest broth. PMID- 3909701 TI - [Features of tolerance of somatotropic hormone to insulin in progressive muscular dystrophy]. AB - Thirty-two patients with primary forms of progressive muscular dystrophies (PMD) and denervational amyotrophies were examined. The basal blood levels of somatotrophic hormone (STH) were significantly decreased in the majority of PMD forms. The insulin test showed quantitatively different types of reactions of STH in denervational amyotrophies versus primary myodystrophies. PMID- 3909702 TI - [Relation between the frequency of complaints by neurotic patients and their solving personal problems]. AB - The relationship between the frequency of neurotic complaints and the way in which subjects coped with problems was studied in 97 patients with neuroses and in 26 patients who had undergone a successful kidney transplantation. Although the frequency of complaints correlated with the severity of psychological problems, the individual nature of coping with problems and of complaints in both groups was different. Characteristic of the neurotic patients was a tendency toward overcoming problems in a passive manner. PMID- 3909703 TI - [History of the development of part-time psychiatric hospital care and the need for greater specialization]. PMID- 3909704 TI - Ultrasonography in the diagnosis of bladder tumours. AB - In the course of the complex examination of 100 patients with bladder tumour also transabdominal, transrectal and intravesical ultrasonograms were taken. The pathological stages (pT) obtained by operation or at autopsy, respectively, were compared with the ultrasonographic stage (U). Transabdominal scanning revealed a concordance rate of 61%, transrectally one of 69% and by intravesical sonography a concordance rate of 92%. Transabdominal ultrasonography is suitable mainly for exploration in assessing the size and localization of the tumour. Transrectal ultrasonography is particularly useful if cystoscopy cannot be performed and it is a valuable aid in examining the size of tumours harboured at the bladder base. Intravesical sonography revealed the tumour in all cases and during scanning, by changing the volume of the bladder, changes in the elasticity and dilatability of the vesical wall could also be judged. Intravesical ultrasonography can be combined with cystoscopy. It is a rapid and straight-forward procedure and an ideal supplement to cystoscopy being currently the best possible diagnostic method for revealing infiltration of the vesical wall. PMID- 3909705 TI - The Belgian Society of Cardiology and its role in the development of international cardiology. PMID- 3909706 TI - [History of the treatment of anal fistulas (introduction)]. PMID- 3909707 TI - The role of Micro-S.I.T. in the evaluation of antisperm immunization in infertile women. AB - We tested the women of 45 infertile couples with negative or dubious P.C.T. and without any other evident reason for infertility. The presence of female immunization was discovered in 57,7% of the couples examined by S.C.M.C.-Test, Micro-S.I.T. at cervical level and S.I.T. in the sera. 100% of immunized women showed topical immunization (S.C.M.C.-Test and/or Micro-S.I.T. positive), and 28,8% of immunized women showed seric immunization. We found that in the 84,6% with topical immunization the positive results were exactly the same in S.C.M.C. test and Micro-S.I.T. PMID- 3909708 TI - The M.A.R. test role for a rapid detection of antisperm autoimmunization in infertile men. AB - We examined 44 men from couples with negative or dubious P.C.T. which had not been caused by cervical pathology (infection, malformative pathology or insufficient mucus production) or seminal pathology (no infection present, normal seminal liquid and in some cases at the most a slight asthenospermia). 40,9% of the men were classified as immunized. This was established by the results of seric T.A.T. and other tests. The M.A.R. test has proved to be a good method for the screening of immunization in those with a low sperm-motility; in fact results proved either positive or strongly positive in 83,3% of immunized subjects. Considering as positive the M.A.R. tests which were "doubtfully positive", the final results proved positive in 94,4% of immunized subjects. PMID- 3909709 TI - A porcine model of early adult respiratory distress syndrome induced by endotoxaemia. AB - To study the pathophysiology of early adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) induced by sepsis, spontaneously breathing pigs under ketamine anaesthesia were investigated. Twenty animals were infused i.v. with E. coli endotoxin (10 micrograms . h-1 . kg-1) over 6 h, and ten control animals received physiological saline. In the controls, cardiac output (Qt) and O2 delivery decreased slightly. There were no changes in pulmonary gas exchange, pulmonary haemodynamics or extravascular lung water (EVLW). The polymorphonuclear (PMN) leucocyte count gradually increased, while the platelet count decreased slightly. Endotoxin infusion caused profound deterioration of pulmonary gas exchange, a marked rise in pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and a moderate increase in EVLW. The pulmonary dysfunction was not attributable to the pulmonary oedema per se, whereas a "dry" ventilation/perfusion inequality played an important role. The "responders" (peak venous admixture greater than 20%; n = 14) were characterized by higher Qt and lower PVR than the "non-responders". Qt declined progressively, especially in non-survivors. O2 delivery decreased considerably. Metabolic acidosis probably indicated oxygen deficit. Eleven of 20 animals died during the observation period. Mortality was related more to the imbalance between O2 delivery and oxygen demand than to the deterioration in pulmonary gas exchange. The PMN count decreased markedly while the gradual decline in platelet count was similar to that in the controls. Lung microscopy revealed PMN accumulation in the microvasculature, moderate interstitial oedema and microvascular blood stasis. Our porcine model, which closely mimics early ARDS in man, will be useful in further studies of the pathophysiological pathways and the treatment of this syndrome. PMID- 3909710 TI - Prophylactic and delayed treatment with high-dose methylprednisolone in a porcine model of early ARDS induced by endotoxaemia. AB - The effects of prophylactic and delayed treatment with high-dose methylprednisolone were evaluated in a porcine model of early adult respiratory distress syndrome induced by endotoxaemia. Spontaneously breathing pigs under ketamine anaesthesia were infused i.v. with E. coli endotoxin (10 micrograms . h 1 . kg-1) over 6h. Twenty animals received endotoxin without treatment. Eight animals were pretreated with methylprednisolone i.v., 60 mg . kg-1, followed by an i.v. infusion at a rate of 10 mg . h-1 . kg-1. Ten animals received the same dosage of methylprednisolone beginning 2 h after the start of endotoxin infusion. Pretreatment with methylprednisolone prevented the endotoxin-induced impairment in pulmonary gas exchange and the development of pulmonary oedema. The pulmonary hypertension was counteracted. Cardiac output (Qt) and O2 delivery were improved. Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) increased and was higher than in the untreated endotoxin group. The profound fall in PMN count was inhibited, while the accumulation of these cells in the lung was still substantial. Survival was improved. Delayed methylprednisolone treatment prevented further deterioration in pulmonary gas exchange and tended to restore it towards baseline. The pulmonary oedema and pulmonary hypertension were reduced. Qt and O2 delivery did not improve. MAP was higher than in the untreated endotoxin group towards the end of the observation period. The decline in PMN count and the pulmonary accumulation of these cells were not significantly influenced. Survival was improved. These results indicate that high-dose methylprednisolone, when given early in the course of sepsis, might be of clinical value in prevention of the devastating pulmonary and circulatory complications of this disease. PMID- 3909711 TI - Design and use of double lumen right atrial catheters in bone marrow transplant recipients. AB - Bone marrow transplant recipients require central venous catheterization for a variety of fluids. They are also particularly susceptible to infection. Here we discuss the use of double lumen catheters to reduce the number of invasions necessary. We make particular reference to infection, neutropenia, prophylactic antibiotics, additional catheters, and presence of graft vs host disease. PMID- 3909712 TI - A short history of central venous catheterization. AB - The history of central venous catheterization is reviewed. Attention is drawn to the clinical problems that can occur with central venous catheters, and how these problems have been overcome. PMID- 3909714 TI - [The fiftieth anniversary of the Institut Marchoux in Bamako (Mali)]. PMID- 3909715 TI - [The Institut Marchoux in Bamako]. PMID- 3909713 TI - Ectopic parvalbumin-positive cells in the cerebellum of the adult mutant mouse 'nervous'. AB - The basket and stellate cells of the 'nervous' mouse cerebellum lose 50% of their presynaptic parallel fibres and more than 90% of Purkinje cells, their major postsynaptic targets, after postnatal day 23. To study the fate of these molecular layer cells we examined the cerebellum of the mutant mouse 'nervous' with antisera against the 'marker protein' parvalbumin, which exclusively tags Purkinje, basket, and stellate cells. Ten homozygous 'nervous' mice, 12-14 weeks old, and 30 control animals of several inbred strains were examined. The number of basket and stellate cells decreased in affected areas of the molecular layer. In addition, parvalbumin-positive cells were detected in the granular layer, in the white matter of the cerebellum and in the area of the cerebellar peduncles of all 'nervous' mice, but not in those of the control animals. These cells mainly occurred in areas which still displayed degenerating Purkinje cell axons. Ectopic parvalbumin-positive cells could either represent a class of interneurons, which have changed their antigenic properties, and therefore happen to stain with antisera against parvalbumin, or stratum moleculare cells which have failed to recognise their proper position during ontogenesis. Alternatively these cells could represent postdevelopmental basket cells, which have acquired the ability to migrate. PMID- 3909716 TI - [Comments of the Director of the Institut Marchoux]. PMID- 3909717 TI - [Samanko, village of hope]. PMID- 3909718 TI - [Present-day difficulties in the campaign against leprosy and proposals for its resumption in French-speaking Africa]. AB - Until recent years the control of leprosy lied over a semi-specific organisation called "lutte contre les Grandes Endemies". Their strategy was based on the facilities of specialists teams practicing systematic medical visits ware the track-down, the treatment by monotherapy and the annual control of the patients. With appearance of social and economic difficulties the activity of these services has greatly decreased and the control of leprosy has known a stop in many countries. Also this organisation is no long a fit to the use of new regimens based on multitherapy. Solutions are proposed having in mind the objectives to follow scientific and logistic demands all the facilities. Summary all the facilities should be used without exception and without hesitation: lights move-over teams, fixed centers, educationals facilities, etc... This combination of this facilities and the wish to fight by the population and the health personals could only assure the success of new programs against leprosy. PMID- 3909719 TI - [Integration of leprosy polychemotherapy into general health services]. AB - The actual control of leprosy must conciliate difficulties of multidrug therapy (MDT) application and integration of general health services. The getting up of multidrug therapy needs a logistic with clinical and bacteriological track off, patient categorisation, supervision of treatment, follow up of the drug compliance and control of the disease evolution. The management of such system must be perfectly mastered in order to avoid the uncontroled circulation of rifampicine. Solutions are proposed in order to increase specialized teams efficiency and integration of non specialized officers incumbent tasks. PMID- 3909720 TI - [The role of personnel training in planning an anti-leprosy program]. AB - The training of wealth officers is an essentiel component for Leprosy control. The West Africa States included in OCCGE provide training of specialized officers called "Specialistes-lepre" and "Controleurs-lepre", however multidrug therapy setting up and above all, health services integration induce a new concept in training objectives. In this perspective the OCCGE specialized institutions propose theoretical and practical training, based on multidrug therapy (MDT) setting-up, intended for medical or paramedical officers, specialized or non specialized. PMID- 3909722 TI - [Program of rapid evaluation surveys on endemic leprosy and its control strategy in the countries of the OCCGE (Organisation de Cooperation et de Coordination pour la lutte contre les Grandes Endemies)]. PMID- 3909721 TI - [Results of animal experimentation activities at the Institut Marchoux in Bamako (1982-1984)]. AB - The Institut Marchoux animal research unit report of activities 1982-1984 shows increasing results in mouse-foods-pads inoculations. Among 17 multibacillary cases, 16 were clinically dapsone-resistant suspected. In 9 cases there was no multiplication; however in 4 cases, multiplication were observed in the untreated controled mice group but no multiplication in dapsone groups. Three cases were fully dapsone-resistant in all concentrations tested. In one case we have detected a partial DDS resistance. No multiplication in the mice group with 10( 2) dapsone dict, but multiplication in 10(-3) and 10(-4) dapsone dict. PMID- 3909723 TI - [Approach to the national administrative and financial management of a national leprosy control program]. PMID- 3909724 TI - [Apropos of: Surgical decompression of neuritis in Hansen's disease by A. Carayon]. PMID- 3909725 TI - A tube assay for contamination caused by pectolytic aspergilli. AB - Spoilage fungi of the genus Aspergillus were detected and estimated in 24 h by a modification of the Most Probable Number method. The method is based on the production of pectolytic enzymes in a medium supplemented with pectin. These enzymes hydrolyse the bonds of pectin to produce galacturonic acid, causing a fall in pH and an indicator present in the medium changes colour, thus allowing tubes to be scored as positive. Results obtained by this method were generally higher than those obtained by traditional plate counts. PMID- 3909726 TI - Induction of human rheumatoid factor and other autoantibodies by bacterial lipopolysaccharide. AB - In vitro autoantibody production induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was studied using peripheral blood mononuclear (PBM) cell suspensions from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and healthy subjects. PBMs from both groups could be induced by LPS to secrete IgM and IgA rheumatoid factors (RF), antinuclear and anti-beta-2-microglobulin autoantibodies. Spontaneous production of IgM-RF was considerably higher in RA than in controls. The rate of IgM-RF and IgA-RF secretion detected by ELISA increased with the dose of LPS in cultures of both groups. In RA, differences were found between the kinetics of IgM- and IgA-RFs secretion. LPS augmented the relative avidity of IgM-RF produced by PBMs from RA patients and this value was significantly higher than that of healthy persons. In some cases RFs cross-reacting with nuclear antigens and beta-2-microglobulin were detected. PMID- 3909727 TI - A Golgi study of the proximal portion of the human Purkinje cell axon. AB - The proximal portion of the Purkinje cell axon in normal cerebellum was investigated using the Golgi-Cox method. The axon emerging from the axon hillock tapered as it proceeded distally along the initial segment. The most distal portion of the initial segment was the narrowest (about 1 micron). Then the axon became thicker again in the probable myelinated portion. The length of the axon hillock plus the initial segment ranged from 21 micron to 52 micron, 35 +/- 6 micron on average +/- SD. The axon arose from any site of the soma and the primary dendrite of the Purkinje cell. Almost half of the axons emanated from a lateral surface of the soma. The dendritic arbores of the Purkinje cell with a torpedo were atrophic. PMID- 3909729 TI - Margin fit of metal crowns and bridge retainers. AB - The margin fit of metal crowns and bridge retainers was examined radiographically in individuals who were registered to receive treatment at the School of Dentistry, University of Bergen. One sample consisted of 184 individuals registered in 1967-68 and another one of 232 individuals registered in 1982-83. In all, 2057 proximal surfaces could be examined. The margin fit was scored as excess, deficit, or satisfactory. In the 1967-68 single-crown sample margin excess was recorded for 66%, margin deficit for 8%, and satisfactory fit for 26%, on the average. In the 1982-83 single-crown sample margin excess was recorded for 36%, margin deficit for 5%, and satisfactory fit for 59%. In the 1967-68 sample bridge retainer margins on the average scored 60% excess, 10% deficit, and 30% satisfactory fit. In the 1982-83 bridge retainer sample margin excess amounted to 33%, margin deficit to 4%, and satisfactory fit to 63%. The possible reasons for the differences between the two samples are discussed. PMID- 3909728 TI - Expression of vimentin, glial filament, and neurofilament proteins in primitive childhood brain tumors. A comparative immunoblot and immunoperoxidase study. AB - Two methods of determining intermediate filament protein (IFP) expression by primitive brain tumors of childhood were compared using a panel of monoclonal antibodies to three classes of IFP. In addition to a controlled immunohistochemical study, a group of these tumors was subjected to direct immunologic assay of tumor-extracted IFP using the western blot method. Western blots of IFP extracted from ten prospectively microdissected brain tumors revealed no NF200 or NF150 in any tumor. Traces of NF68, VFP, and GFP were detected by this sensitive method in four, three, and six cases, respectively. Immunohistochemistry, using the same monoclonal antibodies on adjacent tumor sections, yielded results significantly different from the immunoblotting method: no NF proteins or VFP were detected, but immunoreactive GFP could be seen in a small percentage of cells in each case. A retrospective study of 46 primitive tumors, using only immunohistochemistry, showed GFP to be the most common source of immunopositivity (38 cases), followed by VFP (15 cases), but most positive cells were judged to be reactive astrocytes. NF protein was not detected except in three cases in which extremely rare cells had morphological features of neurons. Cells which were clearly malignant, and which constituted the majority of cells in a microscopic field, were devoid of any IFP immunoreactivity. The advantages and limitations of each method of IFP detection in this group of primitive tumors and the implications of the apparent paucity of mature neural IFP in these tumors are discussed. PMID- 3909730 TI - Best criterion for the assessment of efficacy of tocolysis and choice of most suitable betasympathomimetic. AB - Over a period of 10 years, 645 patients were treated with six different betasympathomimetics because of threatening premature labor during the 24-36 weeks of gestation. Some 603 comparable patients were analysed with various parameters to find the most suitable criterion for assessing the efficacy of tocolysis and the best tocolytic agent. Delivery after 37 completed weeks proved clinically a sufficient criterion of a successful therapeutic outcome. The various scores did not essentially facilitate comparison of various tocolytics. The combination buphenin (DilaverR) + verapamil (IsoptinR) proved to be the most suitable medication. PMID- 3909731 TI - Conceptual dating by ultrasonic measurement of the fetal biparietal diameter in early pregnancy. AB - The accuracy and precision of gestational dating, based on single measurements of the fetal biparietal diameter (BPD), was estimated in a consecutive series of 970 apparently normal, singleton pregnancies. The BPD sizes used varied between 11 and 60 mm, corresponding to 9-22 postconceptional weeks. The 'conceptual ages', used for reference, were estimated by means of ultrasonic measurements of the fetal crown--rump lengths (CRL). The association between the estimated conceptual age (dependent variable) and BPD size (independent variable) was found to be well represented (R2 = 0.972) by a second order polynomial: conceptual age = 44.7 + 1.069 X BPD + 0.01382 X BPD X BPD. To check the validity of the proposed equation, we used 23 fetuses conceived by artificial insemination with donor semen as controls. There was good agreement between the virtual conceptual ages of the control cases and their corresponding BPD-estimated conceptual ages (0.5 days mean difference, 3.6 days SD) when the suggested regression equation was used. The estimated precision of BPD-dating was minumum +/- 4.4 days (= +/- 2SD) at 9-10 completed postconceptional weeks. At 14 completed weeks the corresponding precision was found to be +/- 11 days (+/- 2SD). At the end of the studied BPD size interval, i.e. 56-60 mm BPD corresponding to 22 conceptual weeks, the precision was +/- 15 days. From an obstetrical point of view it seems obvious that the imprecision of gestational dating associated with BPD measurements greater than 35 mm should call for ultrasonic dating procedures to be performed earlier in pregnancy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3909732 TI - On resorption and the effects of vaginally administered terbutaline in women with premature labor. AB - In a randomized, single-blind study, of a pilot nature, the administration of terbutaline sulphate was found to cause significant inhibition of contractions in premature labor. This effect became evident within 30 min when the dosage was 0.1 mg in 1 ml cellulose gel, applied vaginally, and within 2 h when released from a 5-g medicated vaginal polymer ring containing 10% terbutaline sulphate. No generalized effects of the terbutaline were noted (such as increased blood pressure or tachycardia) and the level of terbutaline in peripheral venous blood remained low. Vaginally administered terbutaline can obviously be quickly resorbed, giving a localized effect. Thus applied, terbutaline would appear to offer a number of advantages as regards treatment procedure. PMID- 3909733 TI - Ultrastructure of microcirculation in renal grafts in patients with acute or chronic rejections. AB - Using electron microscopy, we studied the renal microcirculation in 31 biopsied specimens from 24 transplants in patients with acute or chronic rejection. Endothelial damage was followed by extensive denudation and platelet attachment, fibrin deposition, focal or whole cytoplasmolysis, rarefaction necrosis of the medial smooth muscle cells, with or without the attachment of inflammatory cells. Medial smooth muscle cells modified by hyperplasia of ergastoplasm, appeared to migrate into the intima and to proliferate there. The endothelium was regenerated with time. Chronic rejection was characterized by "moth-eaten-like" atrophic changes of the medial smooth muscle cells in interlobular arteries with an increase in intercellular spaces with necrotic debris and basement membrane densities. Larger interlobular arteries showed additional mucoid lamellar thickening of the intima, with stenosis. Acute changes in glomerular capillaries included endothelial injury and denudation, thrombotic occlusion and enlargement of subendothelial spaces, apparently due to an increase in permeability. Extensive circumferential mesangial interposition was present in one case of a repeated rejection. Thus, chronicity with various rejections leads to severe luminal narrowing and obstruction in both interlobular arteries and the glomerulus of the grafts. PMID- 3909734 TI - Coexistence of stomach cancer and renal adenoma in renal allograft. Clinical and autopsy findings and a review of previous cases in Japan. AB - Autopsy findings of a 34-year-old Japanese male with stomach cancer in a renal allograft are presented. The renal graft was given by his 53-year-old mother, who had the same HLA type as the patient and showed negative response in the Mixed Leukocyte Culture Reaction test. Stomach cancer occurred 4 years and 5 months after the renal graft, and infiltrated widely into the abdominal cavity, causing rectal stricture. In his original left kidney, a small renal adenoma was found. The tumor cells of the adenoma were composed of clear cells. In the adenoma, infiltration of stomach cancer was found. The renal allograft functioned very well until his death in spite of several rejection episodes. This is the seventh reported case in Japan in which a renal allotransplant was accompanied by malignancies. PMID- 3909735 TI - Coexistence of IgA nephropathy and membranous nephropathy. AB - Renal biopsy findings of a 27-year-old female with asymptomatic proteinuria and hematuria revealed two distinct glomerular alterations compatible with both IgA nephropathy and membranous nephropathy. The concomitant presence of two different primary glomerular diseases is very rare. PMID- 3909736 TI - The determination of specific IgA-antibodies to Yersinia enterocolitica and their role in enteric infections and their complications. AB - Specific serum IgA-antibodies, mainly produced in the lymphoid tissue of the gastrointestinal tract (GALT) might exhibit some special characteristics deviating from IgM- and IgG-antibodies: they do not agglutinate nor fix complement. They cannot be determined by usual routine antibody techniques; indirect methods must be used. An antiglobulin-assay was used in an extensive investigation over a two-year period on sera from 8,445 patients to determine IgA antibodies specific to Yersinia enterocolitica, serotype 3. Y. enterocolitica agglutinins were found in 965 patients, 508 of them with significant titres of greater than or equal to 80. 347 of the 2,111 patients with low titres (10 to 40) had a significantly elevated amount of IgA antibodies. The diagnoses of the IgA positive patients fell into three groups: acute infections, acute reactive complicatory inflammations, mainly arthritis, chronic inflammatory connective tissue diseases. The IgA-antibody pattern was: In early samples from patients with acute enteric infections they might be the only antibodies present following, largely, during the course of the disease the agglutinating IgM and IgG antibodies, except in patients with long-lasting or chronic complications where IgA antibodies were elevated. It is concluded that determination of specific antibodies of IgA class in cases of Y. enterocolitica infections is an important diagnostic test and, moreover, of prognostic value in the evaluation of chronicity. PMID- 3909737 TI - The throat carrier rate of group A and other beta hemolytic streptococci among patients in general practice. AB - In a one-year multicenter study in general practice the rate of asymptomatic throat carriage of group A beta hemolytic streptococci (GABHS) was investigated. 2,626 patients, none of whom had had sore throat or any other streptococcal illness during the preceding three months, were evaluated. The GABHS carrier rate was 2.2% with no sex or season dependent variation, and it was 10.9% in patients less than or equal to 14 years of age, 2.3% in patients between 15 and 44 years old, and 0.6% in patients greater than or equal to 45 years old. An additional 7.2% of the patients carried beta hemolytic streptococci of groups B, C, or G. For groups C and G the influence of age on carrier rates was similar to that found for GABHS. Tetracycline resistance was found in 21% of the group A strains, in 61% of the group B strains, and in 28% of the group C and group G strains. PMID- 3909739 TI - In vitro blastogenic response and immunoglobulin synthesis in murine spleen cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharides from Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli. AB - Lipopolysaccharides isolated from strains of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli were mitogenic for spleen cells as measured by 3H-thymidine incorporation. The incorporation was dose dependent with an increase with increased concentration of LPS. Addition of LPS beyond 500 micrograms/ml gave inhibition of incorporation. Stimulation of the spleen cells for 3 days with LPS led to a polyclonal activation of immunoglobulin synthesis. The amount of immunoglobulins synthesised showed a maximum between the 9th and 11th day of incubation, and another maximum between the 15th and 17th day. The immunoglobulins produced were IgM antibodies. Specific antibodies against the LPS used for the stimulation were not detected. PMID- 3909738 TI - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for determination of anti-mitochondrial antibodies. AB - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been developed for the detection of human auto antibodies to mitochondria (AMA). The ELISA was compared to the previous routine method - indirect immunofluorescence technique (IIF)--and optimized for the specific detection of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Sera from 72 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis, 10 sera positive for anti cardiolipin antibodies from patients with syphilis, 9 patients with drug-induced pseudolupus erythematosus, 19 patients with non-alcoholic chronic active hepatitis, 14 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, 20 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and 100 healthy blood-donors were examined for AMA by both methods. The nosological sensitivity for the ELISA method was comparable to the IIF. The ELISA method was accurate, precise, inexpensive and well-suited as a diagnostic screening method for AMA when primary biliary cirrhosis is suspected. Furthermore, ELISA methods require less experience of the observer than IIF. PMID- 3909740 TI - Supersensitivity to methacholine in rat urethra following hypertrophy or disuse. AB - It has been possible to sensitize the rat urethra without cutting its nerves. This was achieved by hypertrophy or disuse. Hypertrophy of the urethra (2-4-fold weight increase) was caused by the presence of an intraluminal paraffin bolus. Disuse was caused by diverting the flow of urine from the lower urinary tract. When examined in vitro after an experimental period of 1 to 4 weeks the EC50 value of the parasympathomimetic drug methacholine was in both cases half of that of controls. The common cause of the development of supersensitivity in the two types of experiments is thought to be decreases in the local concentration of transmitter at the muscle cells. The present findings favour the idea of a parasympathetic motor control of the rat urethra. PMID- 3909741 TI - Effects of calcium and limited proteolysis on membrane-bound and releasable dopamine beta-hydroxylase in adrenomedullary catecholamine granules. AB - Bovine chromaffin granules were shown to contain two potent proteolytic systems resulting in limited proteolysis of granule proteins at pH 6.0 in the cold in the presence of inhibitors of serine and thiol proteases. Calcium, whether added during lysis or remaining bound to the lysate protein during dialysis in non chelating solutions, enhanced recoveries of total immunoreactive dopamine beta hydroxylase (14% of total protein) and soluble enzyme (9% of lysate protein) due to degradation of of chromogranins. A pepstatin A-blockable, catepsin D-like proteolytic system converting membrane-bound enzyme to its soluble counterpart at pH 6.0 was detected in the granule membrane fraction. PMID- 3909742 TI - Determinants of pulmonary blood volume. Effects of acute changes in airway pressure. AB - To examine the effects of airway pressure (AWP) on pulmonary blood volume (PBV) at various pulmonary vascular pressures and flows, experiments were performed in anaesthetized, open-chest dogs. The AWP was raised by elevating end-expiratory pressure, and PBV was calculated as the product of electromagnetic aortic flow and pulmonary mean transit time for ascorbate (polarographic method). When AWP was raised from 3 to 13 mmHg, changing lung conditions from zone 3 [left atrial pressure (LAP) higher than AWP] to zone 2 (AWP higher than LAP), PBV decreased by 14.5 +/- 6.2%. When LAP was raised above 7 mmHg at constant pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP), PBV increased under zone 2 but not under zone 3 conditions. During blood volume expansion to LAP 15 mmHg, PBV rose by 30-50% and became equal at AWP of 4 and 14 mmHg, whereas the pulmonary vascular resistance remained 40% higher at high AWP. These data suggest that PAP, LAP and AWP regulate PBV by acting on compliant vessels surrounding the alveoli. Under zone 2 conditions with collapsed aveolar capillaries, elevation of LAP results in re-expansion of the alveolar capillaries, and PBV is restored without a rise in PAP. Under zone 3 conditions, a rise in LAP cannot increase PBV without raising PAP, explaining why PBV remains constant when PAP is kept constant. PMID- 3909743 TI - On the hormonal regulation of lipolysis in isolated reindeer adipocytes. AB - The effects of insulin and bovine growth hormone (bGH) on lipolysis (basal and/or adrenaline-stimulated) were investigated in isolated adipocytes from the Norwegian reindeer. Addition of 100 nmol l-1 adrenaline to the cells increased lipolysis 20-fold above basal lipolytic rate. Insulin (0.I and I nmol l-I) depressed lipolysis significantly at submaximal adrenaline stimulation but had no effect when lipolysis was stimulated maximally. Bovine GH (25 and 100 ng ml-I) inhibited basal lipolysis during the first 2 h of incubation, whereas refractoriness to this action was induced during the third and fourth hour of incubation. These effects were not influenced by inclusion of a small amount of glucocorticoid (dexamethasone, 25 ng ml-I). Addition of 0.I and I nmol l-I insulin together with bGH (100 ng ml-I) prevented the initial antilipolytic effect of the latter and resulted in the expression of normal basal lipolytic rates. Preincubation with bGH (100 ng ml-I) for 2 h did not alter the lipolytic response of the adipocytes to adrenaline. These findings lend support to the conclusion that insulin exerts a major control of lipolysis in reindeer adipose tissue. The significance of the antilipolytic effect of bGH is difficult to evaluate since this effect was transient and was abolished during the third and fourth hour of incubation. PMID- 3909744 TI - A cholecystokinin-like peptide is present in 5-hydroxytryptamine neurons in the spinal cord of the lamprey. PMID- 3909745 TI - Early treatment response in anxious outpatients treated with diazepam. AB - Two hundred and two moderately chronic psychiatric outpatients, all suffering from anxiety of at least moderate severity and all diagnosable as cases of Generalized Anxiety Disorder, participated in a single-blind 6-week trial of diazepam (15-40 mg/day). The trial was preceded by a 1 week placebo washout, and provided for evaluation visits after 1, 2, 4 and 6 weeks of diazepam treatment. Patients were divided into High, Medium and Low Initial Improvers using 1 week change in Hamilton Anxiety Scale total score to assign patients to three subgroups of equal size. These groups did not differ significantly on those demographic factors and attributes of illness history which were documented, nor on assessments of symptom and illness severity, and mode of intake. Examination of a number of patient and physician assessments of illness severity revealed that the High group had the greatest 6-week improvement, the Low group the least. During the first week, the High group attained 86%, the Medium group, 65%, and the Low group, 29% of its full 6-week drug response. Diazepam dose levels were lowest for the High group and highest for the Low group. Placebo response was least for the High group and greatest for the Low group. An attempt to find distinctive attributes of the three initial improvement groups was unsuccessful. PMID- 3909746 TI - Computed tomography of mediastinal lymph nodes. Anatomic review based on contrast enhanced nodes following foot lymphography. AB - Normal lymph nodes of the mediastinum are often not visible at CT. Some nodes may become contrast filled after foot lymphography, and these are easily seen in the CT sections. In the present report contrast filling is used to locate the main groups of mediastinal nodes at CT. The anatomy is reviewed and involvement of different nodes in various diseases is discussed. PMID- 3909747 TI - Determinants of early adult respiratory distress syndrome with special reference to chest radiography. A retrospective analysis of 220 patients with major skeletal injuries. AB - The medical records of 220 consecutive patients with traumatic injuries admitted to the intensive care unit in the years 1974-1982 were scrutinised in an attempt to find radiographic signs and clinical determinants of early adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). All patients included in this study were considered to run a risk of developing ARDS and had 'pure' major fractures in the sense that there were no accompanying severe brain, chest or abdominal injuries. There were no deaths in this series of patients. ARDS developed in 27 patients (12.3%), on an average on the second day of trauma. Chest radiographs of 21 of these patients showed features indicative of ARDS, whereas those of the other 6 patients were normal despite hypoxaemia. In most of the 27 patients the only radiographic manifestation of ARDS was interstitial oedema; only a minority presented with alveolar oedema in addition. In 6 patients no radiographic changes ever occurred. Ventilator treatment with positive end expiratory pressure may have prevented the pulmonary insufficiency from becoming radiographically manifest. The clinical determinants of post-traumatic ARDS were a high fracture index, based on the number and severity of fractures, implying severe trauma, and shock on admission. Fluid overload was not found to be the cause of ARDS. PMID- 3909748 TI - Incidental findings of gastrointestinal tumours at abdominal ultrasound examinations. AB - A retrospective review was performed of 11 patients referred to ultrasound examination because of abdominal pain and/or a palpable abdominal tumour, which eventually was proven to be gastrointestinal malignancy. Primary gastric carcinoma was present in 4 cases, carcinoma of the small bowel in one case, and of the large bowel in 6 cases. All the patients were examined with conventional ultrasound technique using a 3.5 MHz and a 5.0 MHz transducer. In all the cases bowel wall thickness exceeded 10 mm. A correct organ localization and primary diagnosis of tumour was made in 6 cases, of which only 2 had a palpable abdominal mass. In the remaining cases a bowel tumour was revealed in 3 but the site was incorrectly defined. Reviewing the documentations made at ultrasonography in these cases the tumour origin corresponded well with radiologic and surgical findings. In 2 patients an abscess was diagnosed which later proved to be due to a large bowel carcinoma. Ultrasound examination of patients with uncharacteristic abdominal complaints can spare the patient unnecessary examinations when the findings are pointing at a tumour in the gastrointestinal tract, save time and therefore is of economical importance. PMID- 3909749 TI - Ultrasonography and computed tomography in adenomyomatosis of the gallbladder. AB - Ultrasonography and computed tomography were performed in 4 patients with adenomyomatosis of the gallbladder of segmental or diffuse type. Cholecystectomy was performed in all cases, and the diagnosis of adenomyomatosis was confirmed histopathologically. Ultrasonography revealed diffuse or segmental thickening of the gallbladder wall with small intramural diverticula. Small stones were also found. The characteristic findings of adenomyomatosis at computed tomography were soft tissue density masses in the gallbladder fossa, associated with a well delineated, distinct tumor-free space between the mass and the liver, and with small intramural diverticula and calcified stones within the mass. Ultrasonography and computed tomography demonstrate a characteristic appearance of adenomyomatosis. PMID- 3909750 TI - Renal size parameter. A sonographic method for measuring lumbar vertebral height in children. AB - A method for measuring the L1-L3 and L1-L4 distance by sonography is presented, and the results are compared with measurements from radiography. For 35 children aged 2 months to 13 years (mean 5.2 years) sonographic measurements displayed a mean percentage variation of 2.4 to 3.2 per cent from radiographic values. The coefficient of correlation was about 0.98. As sonography is suitable for kidney length estimation, the additional information obtained by the method presented makes it possible to perform the same kidney size evaluation by means of the same length/vertebral body-related diagrams already used in radiographic kidney size evaluation. PMID- 3909751 TI - In vivo measurement of the elasticity and diameter of the femoral artery. AB - The diameter and the elastic properties of the femoral artery were investigated by means of ultrasound M-mode. The nature of individual variations was determined in 27 medical students at the age of 21-23 years. A significant positive correlation was found between height and increasing arterial cross sectional area. The influence of age upon arterial luminal size and elasticity was estimated in a group of 43 persons with a wide range of age. There was a significant rise in stiffness proportional to age, but none in luminal size. PMID- 3909753 TI - Contrast media osmolality and plasma volume changes. AB - A theoretical and experimental study of the plasma volume expansion consequent on the hyperosmolality of contrast media is presented. In the case of the ratio 1.5 media theory and experiment coincide closely but in the case of the ratio 3 media the observed changes exceed the predicted. It is proposed that this is due partly to the slower diffusion of the ratio 3 media out of the intravascular space and partly due to the fact that the osmotic load presented by these media is greater than would be expected from a study of their commercial solutions in which osmolality is reduced by molecular aggregation. The implications for the relative haemodynamic effects of different contrast media are discussed. The osmotic effects of contrast media also play a part in determining the image quality achievable in intravenous digital subtraction angiography (IV-DSA). It is predicted that ratio 3 contrast media will give better quality images in IV-DSA than ratio 1.5 media. PMID- 3909752 TI - Aortocervical angiography with high and low osmolality ionic contrast media. A clinical investigation of metrizoate and ioxaglate. AB - The influence of aortic arch injection of metrizoate 280 and 370 mg I/ml and ioxaglate 280 and 320 mg I/ml on EEG, heart rate, blood pressure, subjective responses, occurrence of involuntary movements and resulting image quality was investigated in 31 patients. Ioxaglate 320 produced less haemodynamic changes and subjective responses and as good image quality as the hyperosmolar contrast medium metrizoate 370 if subtraction procedure was used. Small and brief EEG changes were recorded in 9 of 14 patients. Only metrizoate 280 induced significant bradycardia. Involuntary movements on the film with the best demonstration of the vessels occurred with no difference between the contrast media. There was no correlation between involuntary movements and image quality. Our investigation indicates that an ionic contrast medium which is intended for aortocervical angiography should have a concentration of at least 320 mg I/ml, high viscosity, low osmolality and be no pure meglumine salt. PMID- 3909754 TI - Iohexol and meglumine iothalamate in shoulder arthrography. A double-blind investigation. AB - The first clinical experience with the new contrast medium, iohexol, in shoulder arthrography is reported. A double-blind comparison of iohexol and meglumine iothalamate, a conventional medium in standard use for arthrography, was carried out in a consecutive series of 60 adult patients forming two groups of 30 subjects each. No difference in the radiographic quality was seen immediately after contrast injection but in exposures at 20 min iohexol gave a significantly better arthrographic quality. Practically no adverse effects occurred during the examinations. Although minor side effects were numerous in both groups during the two days following arthrography, they were somewhat more frequent in patients given iothalamate. PMID- 3909755 TI - Iohexol and metrizamide in lumbar myelography. Comparison of side effects. AB - In routine lumbar myelography carried out in 100 patients iohexol (n = 50) produced side effects in fewer patients (p less than 0.03), especially meningeal and cerebral (p less than 0.03), and among these a lower rate of headache (p less than 0.07), than did metrizamide. The overall frequency of afflicted patients (50% after iohexol and 72% after metrizamide) was high, mainly because of deliberate inclusion of patients with a high risk of side effects in the investigation. The side effects recorded up to six hours after the administration of the contrast medium were less frequent when using iohexol. If severe side effects are present at 24 hours or appear thereafter, as occurred in a few of the present patients after iohexol, surgical treatment or discharge of the patient is in some cases unnecessarily delayed. PMID- 3909756 TI - Effect of contrast media on the formation of prostacyclin in isolated rat lungs. AB - The synthesis of prostacyclin (PGI2) was studied in isolated perfused rat lungs during the infusion of radiographic contrast media into the pulmonary circulation. At the same molar concentration, diatrizoate, iopamidol, and NaCl fairly equally stimulated the generation of PGI2. A bolus injection of histamine also enhanced the formation of PGI2. A high dose of ionic diatrizoate and hypertonic saline (0.4 mol/l) caused considerable pulmonary edema, which was less marked with non-ionic iopamidol. Experiments with 125I-labeled contrast media indicated rapid efflux of contrast media from the lungs. The present investigation indicates that different contrast media stimulate the synthesis of prostacyclin mainly because of chemical irritation of the pulmonary endothelium. The enhanced formation of endothelium-derived prostacyclin may mediate some systemic and local side effects seen temporarily during intravascular contrast medium examinations. PMID- 3909757 TI - [Erythrocyte mechanisms of adaptation to hypoxia in chronic renal insufficiency]. PMID- 3909758 TI - [The Portuguese Society of Cardio-Thoracic and Vascular Surgery. Its origin and future]. PMID- 3909760 TI - Konorski's school of brain physiology--department of neurophysiology of the Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology. PMID- 3909759 TI - Antihypertensive, haemodynamic and metabolic effects of nifedipine slow-release tablets in elderly patients. AB - In a double-blind, cross-over study for 8 weeks, including 10 non-hospitalized elderly hypertensives (average age 73.2 years), WHO stage I-II, the antihypertensive effect of nifedipine slow-release tablets, 20 mg twice daily, was compared with placebo. Nifedipine reduced supine and standing blood pressure values significantly, and no signs of orthostatic hypotension were noted. An initial increment in heart rate was found after 1 week with a subsequent fall towards control values after 8 weeks of nifedipine administration. Heart rate pressure product in the supine position was reduced, and this reduction became statistically significant at the 8th week. Cardiac output measured non-invasively in 8 patients after 6-8 weeks' nifedipine therapy, using an Irex echocardiograph, was on an average 34% higher than in the placebo period (p less than 0.05). Serum electrolytes, cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, blood glucose and renal function were not affected by the drug. Side-effects were few and mild. It is concluded that nifedipine is a potent antihypertensive agent which may represent an attractive first choice alternative in the treatment of elderly hypertensive patients. PMID- 3909762 TI - On cataract in conjunction with scleroderma. Otto Werner, doctoral dissertation, 1904, Royal Ophthalmology Clinic, Royal Christian Albrecht University of Kiel. PMID- 3909761 TI - [Scientific study of the work of Prof. Juan Jose Lopez Ibor]. PMID- 3909763 TI - Werner's syndrome and human aging. Proceedings of a United States-Japan cooperative seminar. December 10-12, 1982, Kobe, Japan. PMID- 3909764 TI - Werner's syndrome (progeria of the adult) and Rothmund's syndrome: two types of closely related heredofamilial atrophic dermatoses with juvenile cataracts and endocrine features; a critical study with five new cases. S.J. Tannhauser. Reprinted from Annals of Internal Medicine, 23:559 (1945). PMID- 3909765 TI - Genetics and aging; the Werner syndrome as a segmental progeroid syndrome. AB - The maximum lifespan potential is a constitutional feature of speciation and must be subject to polygenic controls acting both in the domain of development and in the domain of the maintenance of macromolecular integrity. The enormous genetic heterogeneity that characterizes our own species, the complexities of numerous nature-nurture interactions, and the quantitative and qualitative variations of the senescent phenotype that are observed suggest that precise patterns of aging in each of us may be unique. Patterns of aging may also differ sharply among species (for example, semelparous vs. multiparous mammals). Some potential common denominators, however, allow one to identify progeroid syndromes in man that could lead to the elucidation of important pathways of gene action. (The suffix " oid" means "like"; it does not mean identity.) Unimodal progeroid syndromes (eg., familial dementia of the Alzheimer type, an autosomal dominant) can help us understand the pathogenesis of a particular aspect of the senescent phenotype of man. Segmental progeroid syndromes (eg. the Werner syndrome, an autosomal recessive) may be relevant to multiple aspects of the senescent phenotype. Some results of research on the Werner syndrome may be interpreted as support for "peripheral" as opposed to "central" theories of aging; they are consistent with the view that gene action in the domain of development (adolescence, in this instance) can set the stage for patterns of aging in the adult; they point to the importance of mesenchymal cell populations in the pathogenesis of age-related disorders; finally, they underscore the role of chromosomal instability, especially in the pathogenesis of neoplasia. PMID- 3909766 TI - Clinical, endocrine and metabolic aspects of the Werner syndrome compared with those of normal aging. AB - Data on the clinical features of the Werner syndrome in 102 patients in Japan were collected by sending questionnaires to major hospitals and analyzed. The male-to-female ratio was 3 to 2 and the incidences of consanguinity and familial occurrence were 51% and 39.4%, respectively. These patients were divided into 3 subgroups; group 1, 2, and 3 lacked short stature, cataract, and hypogonadism, respectively. Each group had somewhat different clinical features. Endocrine and metabolic abnormalities in the Werner syndrome patients were compared with those in normal aged subjects. Impaired plasma growth-hormone responses to insulin and arginine were more common and impaired plasma thyrotropin responses to TRH were less common in the Werner syndrome patients than in aged subjects. Plasma LH and FSH levels were higher in most patients than those in age- and sex-matched controls; also, their serum testosterone concentrations were lower than those in age-matched controls and testicular biopsy revealed more marked atrophy than in aged subjects. Serum triiodothyronine levels tended to be lower than in age matched controls. Oral glucose tolerance test revealed diabetic glucose tolerance in 55% and impaired glucose tolerance in 22%, although fasting blood glucose levels were elevated only in 20%. Plasma insulin response to glucose was more exaggerated in those with the Werner syndrome than in normal aged subjects. The euglycemic glucose clamp method revealed lower glucose disposal rates and insulin sensitivity indices in the Werner syndrome than in normal subjects of similar age. The number of erythrocyte insulin-binding sites was normal in the Werner syndrome patients. These results suggest a postreceptor defect in insulin resistance in the Werner syndrome. PMID- 3909767 TI - A comparison of adult and childhood progerias: Werner syndrome and Hutchinson Gilford progeria syndrome. PMID- 3909769 TI - Proteoglycans in the Werner syndrome and aging: a review and perspective. PMID- 3909768 TI - Histone H1 in G1 arrested, senescent, and Werner syndrome fibroblasts. AB - Histone H1 content and synthesis were examined in normal, Werner-syndrome, and transformed fibroblasts. Analysis of 3H-lysine incorporation indicated that senescent cells, but not G1-arrested young cells, had a lower ratio of molar synthesis of H1 histone to nucleosome histones than did growing young cells or gamma-ray-transformed cells. Furthermore, a biochemical study of histone H1 content plotted as a function of DNA synthesis activity and an immunocytological study using antiserum against histone H1 revealed that senescent cells had a lower histone H1 content than did young cultures at all stages of cell proliferation. Werner syndrome skin fibroblasts at early passage, however, had amounts of histone H1 comparable to those of age-matched normal control fibroblasts. We conclude that a decline, with increasing passage number, in content and synthesis of H1 histone relative to nucleosomal histones (Mitsui et al., 1980) was not simply due to passage-related accumulation of G1-arrested cells, but actually reflected age specific changes of cultured human fibroblasts. The depletion of histone H1 in the chromatin of senescent cells is a possible cause of DNA strand breakage or relaxation of gene repression. PMID- 3909770 TI - Taurine: its biological role and clinical implications. AB - More than simply cataloging the numerous experimental models in which taurine plays a modulating role, this discussion aims at stimulating further investigation of the potential clinical value of this abundant sulfur amino acid. Both the biomedical investigator and clinician must be struck by the enormous amount of taurine floating freely in the intracellular water of the cells. In cardiac tissue alone, taurine levels of 20 mM or higher may be found. Given this abundance of taurine, why is our understanding of its function so elusive? Although it is clear taurine is important in conjugating bile acids to form water soluble bile salts, only a fraction of available taurine is used for this function, predominantly in young animals and children. While taurine conjugation is the preferred route of bile acid conjugation in the young, changes in adults given 250 mg of taurine daily for two to three weeks are insignificant. Total pool size of bile acid and chenodeoxycholic acid declines. Unchanged are the rate of bile acid synthesis or the secretion rates of biliary cholesterol, bile acid and phospholipids. Biliary cholesterol saturation also stays the same. The finding that taurine availability protects against cholestasis induced by monohydroxy bile acids remains confined to guinea pigs. The abundance of taurine suggests it may be an osmoregulator of cell volume, and there is convincing evidence that it serves this function in fish. Taurine may play this role in the brain under high osmotic states such as hypernatremia, dehydration and uremia. Evidence is strong that taurine is vital in maintaining retinal function, which may explain why taurine is so abundant in human breast milk. Prolonged TPN feeding of infants demonstrates the importance of taurine in retinal development. We have begun to appreciate the role of the kidney in conserving taurine and how this is perturbed in the neonatal period. Taurine has recently been added to infant formulas (about 50 mg/L). Cataloging what we know of taurine function, however, produces a list of "maybes." Now is the time for exhaustive, careful taurine research that will produce more definite answers. PMID- 3909771 TI - Monoclonal antibodies in the diagnosis and treatment of childhood diseases. PMID- 3909772 TI - Human immune responses to polysaccharide antigens: an analysis of bacterial polysaccharide vaccines in infants. AB - Mechanisms of human immunity to polysaccharide encapsulated bacteria and the development and testing of the currently available purified polysaccharide bacterial vaccines are reviewed. These vaccines appear to be poorly immunogenic in infants under the age of two years--those at greatest risk for infection. In an effort to understand the poor responses of infants, the human immune response to polysaccharide antigens was characterized in more detail. Using pneumococcal polysaccharide type 3 as an example, it appears that human polysaccharide antibody responses are analogous to the type 2 T cell independent responses defined in the murine system. These studies suggest that the deficient polysaccharide response of human infants is due to a deficiency in maturation of distinct B lymphocyte subpopulations, as well as imbalanced T regulatory influences. The development of vaccines containing the purified capsular polysaccharides of S. pneumoniae, H.influenzae, and N. meningitidis during the past decade offered promise for the prevention of the major causes of bacterial sepsis and meningitis during childhood. The fulfillment of that promise was thwarted by the unrecognized complexities of human antibody responses to polysaccharide antigens. Continued vigorous research in this area has led us to a better understanding of the cellular requirements and immunoregulation of human polysaccharide antibody responses and has given us a clear direction for the pursuit of an effective means for immunization of infants. PMID- 3909773 TI - Type I insulin dependent diabetes: an autoimmune disease that can be arrested or prevented with immunotherapy? PMID- 3909775 TI - Renal replacement therapy in infants and children. PMID- 3909774 TI - Liver transplantation in pediatric patients. AB - Since the introduction of cyclosporine and a multidisciplinary surgical/medical approach, survival has improved in children undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation. In many areas, liver replacement is being considered a genuine treatment option for progressive liver disease. Before this procedure is routinely accepted, however, it will be important to follow long-term outcome and to compare results with those of conventional treatment when there are more patients in each disease category. In addition to continued experimentation with immunosuppressive regimens, methods for monitoring immunosuppression and detecting rejection at early stages are needed. Finally, the changes in bodily processes accompanying liver replacement should be used to learn more about the function of the liver, its role in immunity and its pathobiologic involvement by specific disorders. PMID- 3909776 TI - Pathogenic mechanisms in the nephrotic syndrome of childhood. PMID- 3909777 TI - Perinatal oxygen delivery and cardiac function. AB - In this review, we have considered interrelationships between blood flow and oxygen requirements of the body during fetal and neonatal development. During fetal life, blood is oxygenated in the placenta and returns to the fetus through the umbilical vein. The ductus venosus serves as a bypass of umbilical venous blood from the hepatic microcirculation. Preferential streaming of blood in the inferior vena cava facilitates delivery of well-oxygenated ductus venosus blood to the brain and heart. During fetal stress of hypoxia or umbilical cord compression, flow through the liver and ductus venosus is modified to facilitate oxygen delivery to the fetal body and local organ vascular responses, and to maintain blood flow and oxygen delivery to vital organs, such as the brain, heart, and adrenal gland. During fetal life, immaturity of the fetal myocardium accounts for limited ability for cardiac output to be augmented when ventricular filling pressure is increased above the resting level; yet immediately after birth, cardiac output increases dramatically. Experimental evidence points to an important role of prenatal thyroid hormone in maturation of the myocardium for postnatal requirements. In association with the increase in oxygen requirements after birth, cardiac output increases, but because resting requirements for blood flow are high, there is a limited ability for cardiac output to be increased further. With postnatal development, cardiac output requirements in relation to body weight decrease, partly in parallel with reduced oxygen requirements related to body weight, but also as a result of rightward shift of the oxygen dissociation curve as fetal hemoglobin is replaced by adult hemoglobin. Understanding the circulatory and metabolic changes that occur in the perinatal period and the mechanisms of response to stress is important in management of the newborn infant with cardiorespiratory distress. PMID- 3909778 TI - Prolactin: a review with pediatric clinical implications. PMID- 3909779 TI - Clinical application of cytology in pediatrics. AB - Cytopathology has been a standard diagnostic tool in medicine for the past seven decades. Recent advancements in collection and processing techniques as well as improved methods of examination continue to expand the number of clinical situations in which cytology is useful. Pediatricians should be aware of the wide variety of applications of cytology to pediatrics. In general it is a rapid, inexpensive test and in many cases can provide a definitive diagnosis. PMID- 3909780 TI - Human milk nonprotein nitrogen: occurrence and possible functions. AB - Human milk contains a wide variety of nitrogenous compounds in addition to protein. Recognition of the special roles these compounds can perform raises questions about their availability from human milk, and, ultimately, their significance in the development of the human newborn. While it is likely that the major categories of compounds contributing to the nonprotein-nitrogen fraction of human milk have been identified, the true variety of nitrogenous compounds within the peptide fraction of human milk is only beginning to be recognized and appreciated. If predictions can be made from those peptides already identified, epidermal growth factor, delta-sleep inducing peptide, somatomedin-C/insulin-like growth factor I and the peptide hormones, further elucidation of the specific peptides that contribute to this fraction of human milk promises to be especially exciting. With each new published report, the recognized chemical gap between human milk and proprietary formulas increases. There is increasing evidence that human milk produced by a well-nourished woman is a chemical mixture uniquely suited for the developmental stage of her infant. Whether these differences confer developmental advantages to the infant fed human milk, advantages not enjoyed by infants fed formula, is less easily determined. Attempts to answer this question must take into account the relative physiological maturity of the infant at birth. There is a distinct possibility that infants born early in the last intrauterine trimester will derive more benefit from receiving mother's milk than those infants nourished in utero to term. PMID- 3909781 TI - Urinary organic acids in health and disease. PMID- 3909782 TI - Rapid diagnosis of viral infections: a new challenge for the pediatrician. AB - Pediatricians are likely to encounter a limited number of viruses causing a significant number of problems. Many of these infections, such as the common cold, do not currently require specific viral diagnosis. On the other hand, the rapid diagnosis of some viral infections has become clinically and epidemiologically more important as a result of improved understanding of viral transmissability and recent developments in preventive and therapeutic approaches. Concomitantly, several new diagnostic methods have been applied to many of these agents with increasing numbers of commercial kits. This double edged sword of the predictably greater availability of means to obtain a rapid specific diagnosis of many viral infections, together with the various problems discussed here which can lead to erroneous management of patients, is becoming an important new challenge to the pediatrician. PMID- 3909783 TI - Familial autoimmune disorders: emphasis on the polyglandular failure syndrome. PMID- 3909784 TI - Corticosteroid therapy in pediatric practice. PMID- 3909785 TI - Advances in pediatric pharmacology and toxicology. PMID- 3909786 TI - Host defenses: development and maternal contributions. AB - During the intrauterine period, the human immunologic system develops through a complex but orderly series of events. The functional capacity of the system remains incomplete, not only during prenatal life but also through much of infancy. Many of the factors not produced by the fetus or infant are provided by the mother. Systemic immunity is augmented by specific IgG antibodies from the placenta and mucosal immunity by a wide array of defense agents from human milk including sIgA antibodies, lactoferrin, lysozyme, other soluble factors with antimicrobial properties, and specifically adapted leukocytes. It appears that the defense of the infant and the maternal contribution to that defense are geared to protect principally by noninflammatory mechanisms. Although much has been discovered about the ontogeny of the human immunologic system and the maternal contributions to this immunity, much remains to be learned about the molecular controls of the system, the fate of the transported maternal factors, feedback mechanisms between the immunologic systems of the mother and infant and the precise effects of maternal factors upon the infant. Answers to these questions may lead to the development of immunizing agents which are better suited to the infant, mucosal immunogens fashioned to stimulate the production of protective SIgA antibodies in human milk, the provision of defense factors for serious infections in young infants, and ways to enhance the maturation of the immunologic system of the infant when that is desirable. PMID- 3909787 TI - Protective effect of BCG in experimental tuberculosis. PMID- 3909788 TI - [White lesions of the oral mucosa]. PMID- 3909789 TI - [Clinical experience in renal transplantation]. AB - In Shiga Prefecture, 378 chronic renal failure patients were registered at the end of 1981. In 1982, the Kidney Transplantation Group, composed of the department of Urology and the 1st division of Surgery, was organized in our hospital and 10 living related renal transplantations and 8 cadaver renal transplantations were performed between July 1982 and October 1984. As immunosuppressants, azathioprine, mizoribine, cyclosporine, prednisolone, methylprednisolone and ALG were used. Azathioprine was used mainly for living transplantation and cyclosporine mainly for cadaver transplantation. ALG was used only for the initial 3 living transplantations. Mizoribine was sometimes used in combination with azathioprine to reduce the dose of azathioprine and reduce its severe side effects. Seven episodes of acute rejection were experienced and all episodes were remitted by methylprednisolone pulse therapy. There were 20 major post-transplant complications in 13 recipients and among them 2 pulmonary infections were fetal (1 from aspergillus infection and 1 from cytomegalovirus infection). The 10 living related kidney transplantation recipients are all well and none have undergone hemodialysis. Three of the 8 cadaver renal transplantation are well without hemodialysis. One patient could not obtain diuresis. In addition to our experience of renal transplantation, the preoperative scheduled blood transfusion with combination of azathioprine administration, was briefly discussed. PMID- 3909790 TI - [Evaluation of renal intra-arterial digital subtraction angiography]. AB - A total of 68 patients with renal abnormalities and potential donors were examined by intra-arterial digital subtraction angiography (IA-DSA). Compared with the conventional angiography, the advantages of IA-DSA are reduction of volume of contrast material and rate of injection. The image quality is superior to intravenous DSA. For the potential donors, IA-DSA has the same diagnostic value as conventional angiography to depict the number and position of renal arteries. IA-DSA is an effective method for screening hypertensive patients for renovascular disease. However, conventional angiography is necessary when evaluation of smaller intra-renal branch is desired. IA-DSA would be valuable for renal recipients because of good visibility by a smaller volume of contrast material. Another advantage of IA-DSA is the reduction of examination time. Embolization can also be done in a shorter time. Renal vein is easily detected by IA-DSA. Renal vein anomalies and obstruction are diagnosed in the left side without conventional venography. Renal IA-DSA can be replaced by conventional arteriography except when the delineation of tiny arterial change is desired. PMID- 3909791 TI - [Renal cell carcinoma and bladder tumor observed in the Automated Multiphasic Health Testing and Services of Tokai University Hospital]. AB - From June 1975 through December 1983, 48,604 individuals consisting of 34,535 males and 14,069 females underwent health examinations at the Automated Multiphasic Health Testing and Services (AMHTS) Center in Tokai University Hospital. There were five patients with renal cell carcinoma and three with bladder cancer. We reviewed the clinical courses of these patients and discussed the early detection of urological cancers in AMHTS. Patients with renal cell carcinoma were brought to the urology department with various findings in AMHTS. A 44-year-old male was referred to us for the investigation of multiple metastatic shadows in the chest X-P and left renal tumor was diagnosed by intravenous pyelography (IVP) and computed tomography (CT). Renal tumor of a 57 year-old male was diagnosed by the investigations of abnormal renal calcifications found in AMHTS. A 39-year-old female had undergone health check ups several times but was not found to have a renal tumor. The diagnosis of left renal tumor was made by the abdominal CT carried out after the operation on cerebellar hemangioblastoma. The fourth patient was a 60-year-old female with microscopic hematuria found in AMHTS and the diagnosis was confirmed by calyceal deformity shown in IVP. The last patient was a 64-year-old male and was accidentally demonstrated to have a right renal mass by ultrasonography when he was reexamined for the hepatic abnormality found in AMHTS. He showed microscopic hematuria in the AMHTS urinalysis. The diagnosis was confirmed by IVP, CT and renal angiography.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3909793 TI - [Operative methods and their problems in the surgical treatment of renal staghorn calculi]. AB - Percutaneous nephrolithotripsy and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy are entering the stage of clinical use. Herein, all of the operative methods for renal staghorn calculi used today are reviewed and their problems discussed. Concerning extended pyelolithotomy, which is thought to be the most desirable operative approach to the staghorn calculi, restrictions of indication, such as shapes of calculus and pelviocalyceal system, thickness of renal parenchyma are presented. The literature on nephrolithotomy, not only on advances of protection for damage of renal parenchyma due to ischemia, incision and suture, but also on vascular damage due to pedicle clamping are discussed, and delayed bleeding after nephrolithotomy about its incidence and modern methods of conservative treatment, transcatheter embolization are reviewed. PMID- 3909792 TI - [Renal infections and implicated urinary stone formation]. AB - To clarify the relationship between urinary tract infections and stone formation, infected renal calculi removed surgically from 19 patients were investigated. First, the stones were studied using a scanning electron microscope and bacteriological method. Most of the stone cores consisted of calcium phosphate and organic materials containing bacteria, fibrin, erythrocytes, leukocytes and so on. Second, in experimental ascending pyelonephritis in rats which received the intravesical instillation of Proteus mirabilis, the incidence of renal stone formation was increased with the grade of the pyelonephritis and necrotic papillae played an important role as stone nuclei. Third, urinary materials, which may initiate and accelerate stone formation, were investigated using the urine of stone formers associated with renal infections, nucleopore filters and stitches, from the standpoint of crystal aggregation and adhesion effects. The bacteria tended to aggregate crystalline and organic matters in the urine and to adhere them to the stitches before the crystals. The results obtained suggest that the bacteria and organic matters in the urine of stone formers participate actively in stone genesis and growth as an adhesive agent. PMID- 3909794 TI - [Farmer's lung with antibodies against Thermoactinomyces vulgaris and Aspergillus fumigatus. Clinical course and treatment]. AB - We present a case of Farmer's lung with antibodies to Thermoactinomyces vulgaris and Aspergillus fumigatus. A 56-year-old male patient with an atopic family medical history came to our hospital complaining of cough, dyspnea, fever, asthenia and anorexia. His condition worsened after being exposed to cereal powder, becoming symptomatic after 20 minutes or on occasion after 6 hours. Physical examination showed basal crepitant rales in lung auscultation. The radiograph of the thorax showed a bilateral interstitial reticulo-nodular pattern. An obstructive pattern was found on functional respiratory examination. There was also a slight restriction along with the decrease of the VC and a significant reversal of the M.M.E.F. with anticholinergics. The tests for intradermal cutaneous allergies were positive after 20 minutes and for Aspergillus fumigatus Niger and Terreus (Bencard) after 6 hours. With immunoelectrophoresis and double diffusion, precipitation bands in the presence of Aspergillus fumigatus and Thermoactinomyces, were detected. IgG and IgE were high-1570 mg% and 1000 U/ml respectively. The histological study of the transbronchial biopsy showed dilatation of the alveolar septum caused by a lymphocytic infiltration with fragments of collagenous fibres. In bronchoalveolar lavage there was a predominance of lymphocytes and histiocytes. After exertion, arterial blood gases showed desaturation with hypoxemia. The static lung volumes and the flow and diffusion of carbon monoxide (CO) showed a moderate decrease of vital capacity, with the total lung capacity being below normal. Diffusion was markedly attenuated. The provocation test by indirect bronchial inhalation using cereal powder (Alfalfa) was positive. After six hours dyspnea, cough and leukocytosis appeared with an outbreak of fever and an increase in the erythrocyte sedimentation rate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3909795 TI - Method for detecting the 3-hydroxymyristic acid component of the endotoxins of gram-negative bacteria in compost samples. AB - An analytical chemical method for the 3- or beta-hydroxymyristic (BHM) acid component of endotoxins has been developed for the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of E. coli, intact E. coli, and sewage sludge compost. Endotoxins are the pyrogens associated with the outer membranes of many gram-negative bacteria, for example, E. coli and Salmonella. The BHM acid content was used as a chemical marker for endotoxin presence, since BHM acid is present in the molecular subunit (Lipid-A) responsible for the toxicity and is the most abundant saturated fatty acid in that subunit. BHM acid quantification thus complements the Limulus bioassay to detect gram-negative bacteria presence in such samples as cotton and other dusts, blood, water, compost and air samples. BHM acid was isolated after digestion, ether extraction, alkaline hydrolysis, and ether extraction. The free acid was quantitated as the methyl ester using two GC columns as a screening method or by GC/MS for confirmatory purposes. Recoveries were unreliable below 15 ng of BHM acid. By the use of the 2-column screening technique, the amounts of BHM equivalent in E. coli LPS, intact E. coli and compost in micrograms BHM acid/g substrate were (arithmetic mean +/- standard deviation), respectively: 56 120 +/- 2200; 2650 +/- 339; and 14.7 +/- 5.7. PMID- 3909796 TI - The basement-membrane-like matrix of the mouse EHS tumor: III. Immunodetection of the amyloid P component in basotubules. AB - Immunohistochemical methods were applied to the ultrastructural localization of the amyloid P component in the EHS tumor matrix. First, the preembedding approach was used by exposing frozen sections of tumor to antiserum against the mouse amyloid P component followed by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase sequence. Second, using the postembedding approach, Lowicryl K4M sections of the tumor were exposed to antiserum against the amyloid P component and subjected to the protein A-gold procedure. In both cases, the immunostaining was restricted to structures which appeared in longitudinal section as fairly straight rods and in cross section as 7- to 10-nm pentagonal or roughly circular profiles outlining a lumen with a central dot. Since these features are characteristic of basotubules, it is concluded that the basotubules of the tumor matrix possess the antigenicity of the amyloid P component and presumably contain this substance itself. Similar experiments carried out on the thick basement membrane known as Reichert's membrane demonstrated that its basotubules also possessed amyloid P-component antigenicity. It is likely, therefore, that the amyloid P component is a constituent of basotubules. PMID- 3909797 TI - Observations on the solitary cilium of rabbit oviductal epithelium: its motility and ultrastructure. AB - Solitary cilia have been observed on rabbit oviductal epithelial cells. In tissue cultures of fimbrial epithelium of 3- and 4-day-old animals observed by phase microscopy, most of these single cilia exhibited a vortical or funnel-type movement while others had the usual to-and-fro motility. Primary cilia are usually considered immotile. Transmission electron microscopy of specifically identified single cilia revealed differences between the ciliary shafts and basal bodies of the single cilia as compared to those of mature oviductal ciliated cells. The basal body of the solitary cilium often had at least two triangular, striated, basal foot processes, lacked electron-dense satellite material around its basal end, and occasionally had striated rootlets. In contrast, the cilia of mature ciliated cells had only one basal foot, exhibited much electron-dense satellite material, and lacked rootlets. Cross sections of the single cilia showed patterns of microtubules different from the usual 9 + 2 axonemal complexes of normal cilia and included 9 + 0, 10 + 2 singlets, 7 + 2 doublets, and 8 + 1 doublet and 2 singlets; one did have the usual 9 + 2 arrangement. We postulate that the presence of more than one basal foot process may be responsible for the vortical motility observed. The primary cilia are shorter than normal cilia; the longest one measured was 1.86 micron in length, 0.28 micron in width at its base, and 0.14 micron at its tip. Based on the light-microscopic, scanning-electron microscopic and transmission-electron-microscopic observations, such solitary cilia were observed more frequently in the oviductal tissues of the 3- to 4-day postnatal rabbits grown in tissue culture and in ovariectomized and ovariectomized/progesterone-treated adult animals than in estrous, ovulatory, or ovariectomized/estradiol-treated rabbits. PMID- 3909799 TI - Response to treatment and its influence on survival in metastatic breast cancer. AB - The clinical response to first systemic therapy of 381 patients with metastatic breast cancer was assessed; the influence of the category of this first response on eventual survival from diagnosis of first distant metastasis was analyzed. Survival from diagnosis of first distant metastasis was found to be similar whether the patient had a complete response, a partial response, or stable disease; only when progressive disease occurred with first systemic treatment was survival significantly shortened. This similarity in survival whatever the category of response from diagnosis of first distant metastases was found whether the patient received chemotherapy or hormone therapy as first systemic treatment, and whether the patient was premenopausal or postmenopausal; there was some suggestion on analysis of premenopausal patients treated with hormone therapy as first systemic therapy that a complete response conferred a survival advantage, but the numbers were small in this group. When complete responders to first systemic therapy as well as any other subsequent systemic therapy were analyzed for survival from diagnosis of first distant metastasis, again, no survival advantage could be found compared to the other response categories, but the complete response rate was low owing to the unselected nature of this group of study patients. It is concluded that the categories of complete, partial, or stable response to therapy have no great significance in terms of survival; the category of progressive disease to first systemic therapy is, however, associated with a shorter survival in all the analyses performed. We suggest that assessment of a treatment's worth should be based as much on the patient's subjective feeling of well-being as on the magnitude of the tumor response, since with currently available therapies, provided some form of response is obtained, the magnitude of the response does not appear to translate into any major survival advantage. This study points up the disparity between research-oriented criteria of response (survival, response rate, and its magnitude) and patient care criteria of response (survival and quality of life). PMID- 3909798 TI - Randomized clinical trial of doxorubicin alone or combined with mitolactol in women with advanced breast cancer and prior chemotherapy exposure. AB - One hundred fifty-one women with advanced breast cancer who had failed prior chemotherapy were randomized to monthly courses of doxorubicin (60 mg/m2 I.V. day 1, observation after 500 mg/m2) or doxorubicin (40 mg/m2 I.V. day 1; maximum 500 mg/m2) and mitolactol (135 mg/m2 orally, days 1-10; 180 mg/m2 after maximum doxorubicin). Median survival times were 232 days for doxorubicin and 225 days for doxorubicin + mitolactol, and median times to progression were 112 days and 97 days, respectively. Results are inconsistent with a 25% improvement in survival or time to progression for doxorubicin + mitolactol (p = 0.04 and 0.02, respectively, adjusted for stratification factors but not multiple testing). Regression rates for all patients, both measurable and evaluable, were 30% for doxorubicin alone and 26% for doxorubicin + mitolactol. Regression rates were significantly higher in patients with measurable indicator lesions. Cardiac toxicity was seen in four patients, all of whom were receiving doxorubicin alone. It appears that the combination of doxorubicin + mitolactol is not substantially more effective than doxorubicin alone in women with advanced breast cancer and prior chemotherapy exposure. PMID- 3909800 TI - Misonidazole and hemibody irradiation in the palliation of widespread metastases. Final report of an RTOG study. AB - The radiation therapy oncology group conducted a phase I/II trial of hemibody irradiation combined with high-dose misonidazole in the management of metastatic solid tumors. Thirty-seven patients received 39 hemibody irradiation treatments, each preceded by 4 g/m2 or 5 g/m2 misonidazole orally. One fraction of 600 cGy was delivered to a half-body volume. Objective tumor response occurred in 21% of evaluable patients, including one complete response. Pain relief was documented in only 36%. Acute toxicity consisting of nausea and vomiting was significant; 54% of patients experienced severe or very severe reactions. Other toxicities were acceptable. The low response rate and high acute toxicity contraindicate the use of misonidazole with hemibody irradiation for palliation. PMID- 3909801 TI - Ototoxicity from cis-platinum in patients with stages III and IV previously untreated squamous cell cancer of the head and neck. AB - Forty-four patients were evaluated for ototoxicity following treatment with the chemotherapeutic agent cis-platinum. Statistically significant hearing changes at 2,000 Hz (p less than 0.001); 4,000 Hz (p less than 0.05); and 8,000 Hz (p less than 0.001) were observed. Chi-square analysis demonstrated that at 8,000 Hz patients who had lower than average thresholds prior to chemotherapy were more likely to experience greater threshold shift than those patients whose pre chemotherapy thresholds were higher than average. In this patient sample, there was no significant correlation shown between serum creatinine levels and ototoxicity. PMID- 3909802 TI - Chemotherapy of metastatic sweat gland carcinoma. A retrospective review. AB - Sweat gland carcinoma (SGC) is a rare malignancy of the skin. though many patients with SGC die of disseminated metastases, little is known regarding the value of systemic chemotherapy for this disease. We reviewed the records of 20 patients with metastatic SGC who were treated with chemotherapy at Memorial Hospital between 1968 and 1983. A large variety of drugs were given. Although only a few patients were treated with any given regimen, metastatic SGC appears to be poorly responsive to a wide variety of chemotherapeutic regimens. Five major responses were observed in 30 chemotherapy trials performed in 17 patients with measurable/evaluable disease. No patient responded to single agent therapy alone. In this small group of patients, SGC appears to be a relatively chemotherapy resistant tumor. Larger, group-wide or inter-group trials are needed to prospectively evaluate the use of chemotherapy in this disease. Doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide, the two drugs used most commonly in those combinations where responses were seen, appear to be reasonable choices for initial treatment of patients with metastatic disease. Our review does not provide data to support the empiric use of chemotherapy in an adjuvant setting. PMID- 3909803 TI - Mitoxantrone (NSC 301739) in patients with advanced cervical carcinoma. A phase II study of the Gynecologic Oncology Group. AB - Twenty-six evaluable patients with advanced or recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix were treated with mitoxantrone at a dosage of 12 mg/m2 every 3 weeks. Twenty-five of 26 patients had had prior irradiation and 24 prior chemotherapy. There were two partial responses, one in a patient with pelvic recurrence and another in a patient with a right upper quadrant mass. Progression free intervals for these two patients were 5.1 and 4.6 months, respectively. Toxicity was moderate and consisted mainly of leukopenia. No septic or bleeding complications were observed. Mitoxantrone is minimally active in patients with advanced cervical cancer who have been previously treated. PMID- 3909804 TI - Phase II trial of methylglyoxal-bis-guanylhydrazone (methyl-GAG) in patients with soft-tissue sarcomas. AB - A phase II study of Methylglyoxal-bis-guanylhydrazone (Methyl-GAG) was conducted on 20 previously treated patients with soft-tissue sarcomas. No major responses were seen among 18 adequately treated patients. Toxicity including severe fatigue, muscle pains, and pharyngitis was noted in most patients. Methyl-GAG does not have significant antitumor activity in previously treated patients with soft-tissue sarcomas. PMID- 3909806 TI - A phase II study of spirogermanium in advanced human malignancy. AB - Spirogermanium, a heavy metal compound in which germanium has been substituted in an azaspirane ring structure, was studied in 39 patients with advanced malignant neoplasms. Thirty-one patients were considered evaluable for toxic effects of spirogermanium. Transient neurological symptoms occurred in 12 patients (39%), including dizziness or lightheadedness, marked fatigue, visual blurring, ataxia, paresthesia, and nausea. These symptoms could be reduced by infusing the drug over 2 hours rather than over 1 hour. Persistent neurotoxicity in the form of partial loss of taste or extreme weakness was observed in three patients. No evidence of hematologic, renal, or hepatic toxicity was observed. Antitumor activity of spirogermanium was not identified in this group of heavily pretreated patients. Spirogermanium had limited and acceptable toxicity in utilizing a dose of 120 mg/m2 infused over 2 hours, three times weekly. PMID- 3909805 TI - Phase II study of teniposide (VM-26) in multiple myeloma. AB - From September 1979 to December 1983, a phase II trial with teniposide (VM-26) in multiple myeloma (MM) was conducted at our institution. Of the 30 patients entered, 25 were evaluable for response, 12 previously treated with M-2 protocol and 13 previously untreated elderly (greater than or equal to 70 years) patients. A median of nine cycles (range 1-21) of VM-26 was administered. Seven responses (28%) according to Myeloma Task Force criteria were observed with a median duration of 4 months (range 2-12+). Four responses (33%) were observed in the 12 previously treated patients. Overall toxicity was mild. VM-26 seems an active drug in MM, without significant toxicity even in elderly patients. PMID- 3909807 TI - Eleanor D. Montague, M.D. The fiftieth Janeway lecturer. PMID- 3909808 TI - Radiation therapy and breast cancer. Past, present, and future. AB - After radical mastectomy, postoperative irradiation unquestionably diminishes the incidence of local-regional failures, and there are series in which the survival rates are improved for a subset of patients. The comparative survival rates shown in Table 6 suggest that adjuvant postoperative irradiation produces survival benefits. For more advanced tumors, simple mastectomy and axillary dissection with chemotherapy and irradiation is effective, with the optimal sequence still to be determined. In selected patients, tumorectomy and irradiation produce survival rates equivalent to radical mastectomy with very satisfactory cosmetic results. In all situations, gross masses in the breast and axilla should be removed leaving for irradiation only subclinical disease that is controlled with doses that do not produce significant sequelae. PMID- 3909810 TI - Marketing considerations in home health care. AB - Methods for conducting a comprehensive analysis of the potential for strategic entry or expansion in the home health-care (HHC) market are discussed. By conducting a comprehensive analysis of the HHC market, hospital pharmacists can evaluate the feasibility of developing and implementing a hospital-based HHC service. A comprehensive market analysis should include an initial assessment of potential product-line offerings, development of strengths-and-weaknesses and opportunities-and-threats profiles, evaluations of competing providers of HHC and regulatory issues, and formulation of a business plan. The potential impact of program structure, operations management, product pricing, advertising and promotion, and marketing controls should also be considered. The hospital pharmacist has a unique opportunity to further the organizational objectives of the hospital by participating in the provision of HHC; a comprehensive market analysis represents a useful method of assessing the benefits and costs associated with providing integrated HHC services. PMID- 3909809 TI - Tumor localization using radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies. An overview. AB - This essay presents an overview of tumor localization using radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies. In particular the contribution of three major factors--the antibodies, imaging techniques, and various properties of the tumor--are all considered. Despite the fact that monoclonal antibodies are not truly tumor specific, the evidence suggests that specific tumor localization is possible. In addition, tumor detection may be improved by the use of antibody fragments. The use of isotopes other than iodine to label immunoglobulins as well as single photon emission computerized tomography may also improve tumor resolution. Tumor heterogeneity and the presence of circulating tumor antigens may be self limiting, but each of these problems can be overcome. The accurate detection of lymph node metastases is a subject of current study, but if feasible it may represent the major contribution of this imaging technology to clinical medicine. PMID- 3909811 TI - Interference potential of pentoxifylline and its major metabolite with theophylline assays. PMID- 3909812 TI - Renal osteodystrophy--pathogenesis and treatment. AB - Histologic bone changes of osteitis fibrosa and osteomalacia are commonly present in patients with end-stage renal disease. Although many patients are not symptomatic from these bone changes, some patients are severely disabled. Altered metabolism of vitamin D, calcium, phosphorus, and parathyroid hormone occurs in renal failure and contributes to the development of uremic bone disease. This article reviews the current theories of pathogenesis and treatment of renal osteodystrophy. In addition, the clinical presentation, pathogenesis, and treatment of the various aluminum-associated osteomalacic syndromes in uremia are discussed. PMID- 3909813 TI - The sprue syndromes. AB - The sprue syndromes, tropical and nontropical sprue, were both described as disease entities in the 1880s and share similar morphological features with varying degrees of villus atrophy of the small intestinal mucosa, and both present clinically with malabsorption. Recent cell kinetic studies of the turnover of the intestinal epithelium in sprue have convincingly demonstrated that the flat mucosa is caused by increased efflux (cell death) with compensatory crypt hyperplasia. The pathogenetic insult in tropical sprue appears to be a persistent overgrowth of the small intestine by enteric pathogens after a bout of turista. The pathogenesis of nontropical sprue is determined by both genetic factors, demonstrated with a strong association with certain HLA haplotypes (B8, DR3, DR7 and DC3) and presumably also environmental events (virus infection?), which render the mucosa susceptible to gluten. The cause of the malabsorption syndrome is multifactorial and results from both intraluminal and cellular events. The digestion of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids is compromised due to decreased pancreatic and biliary secretion. The absorption of the digestive products is also severely affected due to decreased activity of microvillus enzymes (dipeptidases and disaccharidases) and a presumed reduction in the number of transport carriers. The clinical presentation is identical and the distinction between tropical and nontropical sprue is based on the history (ie, exposure to a tropical environment) and the response to treatment. Tropical sprue is cured by treatment with tetracycline and folic acid, whereas nontropical sprue responds to a gluten-free diet. Nontropical sprue is associated with dermatitis herpetiformis by common genetic and morphological features, and the skin lesions in dermatitis herpetiformis are also responsive to a gluten-free diet. Finally, there appears to be an increased incidence of intestinal malignancies (lymphoma, adenocarcinoma) in nontropical sprue. PMID- 3909814 TI - Informal supports for aging mentally retarded persons. AB - Available data on the informal support networks of aging mentally retarded persons was reviewed. The availability and role of relatives (especially siblings) and friends was discussed. The problem of strain experienced by the informal support system was considered, drawing from research conducted about nonretarded elderly persons. Areas in need of research were identified throughout the paper. PMID- 3909815 TI - Obesity of mentally retarded individuals: prevalence, characteristics, and intervention. AB - Research on the prevalence, characteristics, and treatment of obesity of mentally retarded individuals within the context of research findings with the obese nonretarded population was selectively reviewed. According to the available literature, obesity is a prevalent problem in the retarded population, and there is a greater incidence among females than males. The literature also suggests that obese retarded subjects as a group can be distinguished from their nonobese peers by their physical condition, but not by their eating style or personality characteristics. Behavioral self-control strategies have been found to be effective in producing weight loss in obese retarded children and adults. Further research is needed to reduce the high interindividual variability observed in treatment outcome studies and to address problems of long-term maintenance of weight loss. PMID- 3909816 TI - Glomerulonephritis in the elderly. PMID- 3909817 TI - Hemosiderosis and hemochromatosis in renal transplant recipients. Clinical and pathological features, diagnostic correlations, predisposing factors, and treatment. AB - We analyzed the clinical data and liver histology for iron overload in 74 renal allograft recipients. Twenty of the 74 patients had histological evidence of hemosiderosis. Four patients had hemochromatosis. Of the 2 noninvasive diagnostic tests the serum ferritin level was more reliable than percent saturation of transferrin in predicting the histological diagnosis of hemosiderosis. Of the 20 patients with hemosiderosis 14 died either from liver failure or concomitant sepsis. Female patients and those who received long-term dialysis had higher susceptibility for developing hemosiderosis. Of the 6 patients treated with phlebotomies, the response was good in 4 and incomplete in 2. Hemosiderosis and hemochromatosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of posttransplant liver disease. Intermittent phlebotomies if carried out early may prevent the progression of hemosiderosis to micronodular cirrhosis. PMID- 3909818 TI - Pyocystis in a renal transplant recipient with a defunctionalized bladder. AB - Fever occurred in a man 6 weeks after renal transplantation. At the time of transplantation, the donor ureter had been anastomosed to a ureteroileal conduit created 6 years previously because of traumatic neurogenic bladder. Initial evaluation failed to reveal the cause of the fever, but ultimately, drainage of the defunctionalized bladder yielded a large amount of pus infected with Klebsiella pneumoniae. Our patient's course suggests that, when fever develops after renal transplantation in patients with previous urinary diversion, pyocystis should be included in the differential diagnosis. PMID- 3909819 TI - Influence of captopril on cis-diamminedichloroplatinum-induced renal toxicity. AB - Renal function studies were performed in 18 patients with nonseminomatous testicular cancer during four platinum-containing chemotherapy courses. The first 9 patients received chemotherapy alone, the second 9 also captopril, an angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitor, in order to prevent cis diamminedichloroplatinum-induced nephrotoxicity. In the first group a decrease in glomerular filtration rate, that was preceded by a fall in effective renal plasma flow, was observed. In the second group, captopril was able to prevent the initial decrease in effective renal plasma flow, but failed to prevent the ultimate decrease in glomerular filtration rate. PMID- 3909820 TI - William Bowman's description of the glomerulus. PMID- 3909821 TI - Renal complications of bacterial endocarditis. PMID- 3909822 TI - Preferences of nephrologists among end-stage renal disease treatment options. AB - We surveyed 49 practicing nephrologists in North Carolina and determined their preferences among eight currently available end-stage renal disease treatment modalities using the method of paired comparisons. We also obtained background information about the nephrologists and their practices and data from the North Carolina Network about actual assignment of patients to treatment during the year prior to the survey. There was a striking congruence (p less than 0.001) of treatment preferences among the nephrologists. Although transplantation modalities were clearly preferred over both home and facility dialysis, and home hemodialysis was the preferred dialysis modality, relatively few patients received transplants or were trained for home hemodialysis. The elements contributing to treatment selection other than physician preference are discussed. PMID- 3909823 TI - Factors affecting the distribution of enamel hypoplasias within the human permanent dentition. AB - Frequencies and morphological and chronological distributions of enamel hypoplasias are presented by tooth type (permanent I1 to M2s), based on a sample of 30 prehistoric Amerindians with complete and unworn dentitions. There is nearly a tenfold variation in frequency of defects by tooth, ranging from 0.13 per mandibular second molar to 1.27 per maxillary central incisor. The six anterior teeth average between 0.70 and 1.27 defects/tooth, whereas the eight posterior teeth average between 0.43 and 0.13 defects/tooth. Earlier developing teeth, such as incisors, have earlier peak frequencies of defects (2.0-2.5 years), while later developing teeth, such as second molars, have subsequent peak frequencies (5.0-6.0 years). These variations are relevant when comparing hypoplasia data based on different teeth. Differences in hypoplasia frequencies among teeth are not solely due to variation in time of crown development, as is usually reported. Rather, there is evidence for biological gradients in susceptibility to ameloblastic disruption. Anterior teeth are more hypoplastic than posterior teeth. More developmentally stable "polar" teeth are more hypoplastic than surrounding teeth. Polar teeth may be more susceptible to hypoplasias because their developmental timing is less easily disrupted. In all teeth, hypoplasias are most common in the middle and cervical thirds. Crown development and morphological factors, such as enamel prism length and direction, may influence the development and expression of enamel surface defects. PMID- 3909824 TI - A congenital meningocoele in prehistoric Australia. AB - This report concerns a congenital meningocoele in a young adult Aboriginal female from north-western New South Wales, Australia. The fact that this individual reached adulthood throws new light on the attitude of these nomadic people towards such conditions. Evidence of this kind may prompt also a re-evaluation by prehistorians and anthropologists of the popularly held belief that all such malformations were automatically eliminated by infanticide. The discovery of this form of pathology helps provide new information not only on past cultural attitudes towards disease, but its frequency and geographical incidence, and adds to our knowledge concerning the range of pathological conditions suffered by prehistoric societies worldwide. PMID- 3909826 TI - American Association of Physical Anthropologists. Membership list. PMID- 3909825 TI - Population structure in the Connecticut Valley: II. A comparison of multidimensional scaling solutions of migration matrices and isonymy. AB - In a previous paper (Swedlund et al., 1984) we have described the population structure of the historical Connecticut River Valley of Massachusetts in terms of matrimonial migration matrices. Using procedures described by Morton (1973), Harpending and Jenkins (1974), Jorde (1980), and others the exchanges between subdivisions which make up the matrices are made column stochastic and analyzed to predict genetic kinship. Subsequently the kinship estimates within and between subdivisions can be interpreted as genetic covariance and compared to the actual geographic distances between the respective subdivisions using a principal components analysis. In the present paper we extend these results by applying nonmetric multidimensional scaling to the migration matrices, and to isonymy matrices based on the same communities. We demonstrate that the multidimensional scaling configurations of marital migration represent the actual geographic relationships between the communities quite effectively for this particular case study from historical Massachusetts. Moreover, we argue that while these migration data may provide good estimates of social and genetic exchange between the subdivisions, surname analysis may also be informative of processes not revealed in the migration matrices alone. PMID- 3909828 TI - GIP increases insulin receptor affinity and cellular sensitivity in adipocytes. AB - Glucose ingestion has been previously shown to rapidly increase both the affinity of the insulin receptor and the cellular sensitivity of target tissues for insulin. We now demonstrate that gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), a gastrointestinal hormone released by glucose ingestion, can mimic these effects in vitro. Incubation of rat adipocytes with GIP (10-100 ng/ml) resulted in both a displacement to the left of the insulin binding isotherm (i.e., increased receptor affinity) and potentiated insulin-mediated glucose uptake at insulin concentrations less than 1 ng/ml (i.e., increased cellular insulin sensitivity). Cholecystokinin, another gastrointestinal hormone, did not alter the insulin receptor binding characteristics or glucose uptake of the adipocytes in vitro. We suggest that GIP, a known potentiator of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, may also modulate the effects of insulin by directly altering target tissue sensitivity to insulin. PMID- 3909827 TI - Identification of tissue insulin receptors: use of a unique in vivo radioreceptor assay. AB - An in vivo radioreceptor assay for polypeptide hormones has been developed and applied to the identification of tissue insulin receptors. The theoretical basis for this assay is presented elsewhere in this issue. 125I-insulin and 131I albumin were infused into male rats with increasing amounts of unlabeled insulin. Plasma samples were taken at 1-min intervals until the animals were killed at 5 min. Tissue samples were excised and weighed and the activity due to each isotope counted. By comparing the differential distribution of the labeled tracers and applying the results to a compartment model, the specific, displaceable binding of insulin to tissue receptors could be demonstrated. Binding was detected in the liver, muscle, fat, adrenal glands, pancreas, small intestines, and spleen. PMID- 3909829 TI - GnRH-stimulated LH release from rat anterior pituitary cells in culture: refractoriness and recovery. AB - Previous reports have demonstrated that long-term continuous administration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) to pituitary cells results in a decreased level of gonadotropin secretion. The present report demonstrates that cultured rat anterior pituitary cells preincubated for 6 h in 10(-9) or 10(-7) M GnRH became refractory to further stimulation by the releasing hormone. Cells required 2-4 days to recover from the refractory condition. Cells also became refractory to GnRH when luteinizing hormone (LH) release was blocked by Ca2+ chelation. Drugs such as veratridine, ionophore A23187, or high K+, which stimulated LH release without GnRH receptor occupancy, were also capable of causing refractoriness to GnRH in long-term exposure. These data suggest that the refractory state observed after stimulation with GnRH is a result of the combined effects of a Ca2+-independent receptor-mediated mechanism for desensitization and some other postreceptor mechanism. Tunicamycin interfered with recovery, whereas cycloheximide did not. This evidence presents a potential role for protein glycosylation in the restoration of responsiveness. Phorbol myristate acetate did not cause subsequent refractoriness to GnRH, and dibutyryl adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate had no measurable effect on the rate of recovery. PMID- 3909830 TI - Cephalic phase of insulin secretion and food stimulation in humans: a new perspective. AB - Insulinemia and glycemia were measured at a 1-min interval at the hour of a lunch meal in human subjects. When no food was presented to naive subjects (n = 4), cyclic oscillations of insulinemia were found (period, 12-20 min; amplitude, 2.8 10.3 microU/ml). It is proposed that these spontaneous oscillations must be taken into consideration when evaluating the insulin response on cephalic contact with food stimuli; they might otherwise constitute a source of artifacts. Four subjects were then submitted to a series of four test meals scheduled at a 1-wk interval. Although their prandial glycemia remained comparable with preprandial values for the first 16 min of the meals, insulinemia often exhibited early peaks (within a few min after meal onset) whose amplitude appeared related to palatability conditions. Evidence suggests that the insulin peaks triggered by cephalic stimulation are Pavlovian reflexes that become conditioned to the test situation. A typical neuroendocrine response to alimentary frustration is also described. The results are discussed in perspective with animal works, in terms of the effects of neuroendocrine events on feeding behavior. PMID- 3909831 TI - Karen Horney at 100: beyond the frontier. PMID- 3909832 TI - Anatomy of cochlear innervation. AB - In this review of cochlear innervation, the differences in the innervation of outer and inner hair cells are emphasized. Of the afferent neurons, 90 to 95 per cent are large, myelinated type I neurons, exclusively connected in an essentially radial unbranched manner to the inner hair cells; 5 to 10 per cent are small, mostly unmyelinated type II neurons connected to the outer hair cells with considerable spiral extension and branching. The few small type II neurons, with their thin unmyelinated axons, probably have a minor functional importance for centripetal information transfer. The functional emphasis of the outer hair cell system is likely at the level of the receptor cells where the outer hair cells monitor receptor function. The efferent innervation also consists of at least two types of neurons. Small neurons from the lateral superior olivary nucleus project to the inner hair cell area in a predominantly homolateral fashion, making almost exclusively synaptic contacts with the afferent dendrites associated with the inner hair cells. Larger neurons from the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body and periolivary nucleus provide the abundant efferent nerve supply of the outer hair cells, predominantly contralateral. They have mostly large synaptic contacts, and, in some species exclusively, with the receptor cells, indicating again the functional emphasis of the outer hair cell system at the receptor cell level. PMID- 3909834 TI - Dr. Alvin M. Mauer. Early studies in white cell kinetics. AB - Certain serendipidous events shaped the professional career of Dr. Alvin Mauer and made it possible for him to complete research that exerted a powerful influence on our understanding of the kinetics of granulocytes and leukemia cells. The availability of the isotope, P32-tagged diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP32), was essential to the successful conduct of his early studies on granulocyte kinetics. Later the availability of tritium-labeled thymidine made it possible to label specific subpopulations of dividing leukemic cells and to precisely determine their proliferative characteristics and other biological features. The establishment of comprehensive centers for management of children with hemophilia was made possible by the discovery of the technique used in the preparation of cryoprecipitate. Comprehensive care of these children for the first time became feasible and cost-effective. PMID- 3909833 TI - Secondary cystic lesions in the cerebellum in very low birth weight infants. AB - We studied 4 very low birth weight infants with secondary cystic lesions in the cerebellum by serial cranial ultrasound and computed tomography. These infants presented severe respiratory distress, asphyxia at birth and intraventricular hemorrhage. In the neonatal period, cranial ultrasound examination showed significant intraventricular hemorrhage and posthemorrhagic ventricular dilatation with intraparenchymal hemorrhage. However, a cerebellar cyst was not seen in any of the infants. We found evidence of cerebellar hemorrhage by ultrasound in only one patient. Follow-up ultrasound examinations and CT scans showed progressive posthemorrhagic ventriculomegaly in three of the infants and large cystic lesions in the infratentorial area from 3 to 6 months old in all 4 infants. We conclude that the cystic lesions were caused by hemorrhagic and hypoxic-ischemic insults which occurred in very low birth weight infant. PMID- 3909835 TI - [Bioacoustics and biomagnetism]. PMID- 3909836 TI - [Attempts at gene therapy: its implications]. PMID- 3909837 TI - [In memoriam. Dr. Cesar Gonzalez Gomez]. PMID- 3909838 TI - [Tribute to Ferran (on the centennial of cholera vaccine)]. PMID- 3909839 TI - Controlled comparison of nalbuphine and morphine for post-tonsillectomy pain. AB - A controlled investigation was conducted to compare the effectiveness of morphine and nalbuphine in the prevention of pain and restlessness after tonsillectomy in children. Sixty children between 4 and 12 years old were randomly allocated to receive intramuscular morphine 0.2 mg/kg, nalbuphine 0.3 mg/kg or no medication approximately 5 minutes before the conclusion of surgery. Pain and restlessness were assessed 1 and 2 hours after injection, and side effects were recorded. The assessments were made double-blind. Both nalbuphine and morphine decreased restlessness and pain 1 hour (p less than 0.01) and 2 hours (p less than 0.05) after surgery. No significant differences were found between the two groups of patients who received opioids. Both nalbuphine and morphine caused more drowsiness than placebo 2 hours after surgery (p less than 0.001). Other side effects were uncommon. Nalbuphine may offer advantages compared with morphine in regard to safety and convenience of use for the treatment of post-tonsillectomy pain in children. PMID- 3909840 TI - [Aortofemoral bifurcation bypass--effect of the anesthesia procedure (NLA, thoracic continuous catheter peridural anesthesia) on circulation, respiration and metabolism. Intraoperative circulatory reactions]. AB - 51 patients who were selected for aorto-bifemoral bypass operation (infrarenal aortic aneurysm, iliac or iliofemoral occlusive disease) were randomized into two groups. 26 patients were operated on under neuroleptanaesthesia and 25 patients had a continuous thoracic epidural, which was supplemented with a light general anaesthesia during the operation. All patients were optimally volume loaded prior to surgery. The most marked haemodynamic alterations (tachycardia, arterial hypertension, increase of cardiac index, left ventricular stroke work index and cardiac minute work) were provoked by eventration of the gut. In the epidural group, these changes were attenuated and in contrast to the neuroleptanaesthesia group, there were a few patients who had a serious fall in blood pressure. These reactions were regularly accompanied by a generalized flush which led to the hypothesis that they were caused by the release of intestinal hormones, reactive peptides and neurotransmitters, from the mechanically irritated gut. Clamping of the aorta was relatively uneventful. Heart rate and cardiac index decreased in both groups but mean arterial pressure and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure remained stable. Systemic vascular resistance increased slightly in the neuroleptanaesthesia, but not in the epidural group. Declamping was followed by significant but transient falls in systemic vascular resistance and arterial pressure in both groups, despite sufficient volume loading before opening the clamp. In the neuroleptanaesthesia group these changes spontaneously returned to normal; in the epidural group 6 patients received vasopressors or positive inotropic drugs. These results indicate the following: Epidural anaesthesia prevents hypertension and tachycardia and lowers cardiac minute work. Eventration of the gut, acute blood losses and declamping of the aorta may be critical situations, which can lead to profound hypotension. Under neuroleptanaesthesia eventration of the gut is followed by tachycardia and hypertension whereas blood losses and declamping are not as critical as when an epidural is used. Only experienced anaesthetists should use epidural anaesthesia for aortic surgery. An intensive monitoring of haemodynamic function during this form of anaesthesia is mandatory. PMID- 3909841 TI - [Modification of vigilance in the postanesthetic phase using physostigmine]. AB - Physostigmine is an approved antidote in the treatment of intoxication as well as in the management of overdoses of numerous medications--many of which are used in the course of pre-medication or anesthesia induction or maintenance. In order to clarify whether or not physostigmine can accelerate the restoration of normal vigilance, a randomised, double-blind study of 60 patients was performed on the basis of 14 pre-determined vigilance criteria. The patients who received physostigmine demonstrated a significantly superior and more rapid restoration of consciousness as compared to the control group. Side-effects following administration were not observed. The results of our study indicate that post anaesthesia administration of physostigmine appears useful in the treatment of certain types of patients. PMID- 3909842 TI - [Does gelatin as a blood substitute selectively depress plasma fibronectin? A clinical randomized study]. AB - In 18 adult patients, in a randomized way, 15 ml/kg of blood were replaced either by gelatin 5.5 pc or serum protein solution. 0,5, 4 and 24 h later there was only a significant difference between the two groups in total protein and serum albumin. The low molecular weight infection related proteins alpha-1-antitrypsin, immunoglobulin G and antithrombin III, as well as the high molecular weight proteins immunoglobulin M, plasma fibronectin and alpha-2-macroglobulin were at no time significantly different between the two groups. It is concluded that gelatin as a plasma substitute does not impair the opsonising effect of plasma fibronectin upon the reticuloendothelial system. PMID- 3909843 TI - beta-Hydroxydecanoylthioester dehydrase: a rapid, convenient, and accurate product distribution assay. AB - High-performance liquid chromatography on silica gel has been used to separate the products from incubation of substrates with beta-hydroxydecanoylthioester dehydrase (Escherichia coli). Peaks are detected by their absorbances at 230 nm. Following correction for differences in extinction coefficients, comparison of the peak areas reveals the relative amounts of beta-hydroxydecanoate, E-2 decenoate, and Z-3-decenoate thioesters of N-acetylcysteamine. PMID- 3909844 TI - Purification of subtilisin by single-step affinity chromatography. AB - The dye 4-(4-aminophenylazo)phenylarsonic acid was coupled to activated CH Sepharose 4B and the resulting affinity matrix was shown to be highly efficient for the purification of subtilisin. A crystalline subtilisin was purified to homogeneity using this affinity chromatography procedure with a purification fold of 1.4 and with an enzyme activity yield of 98%. Similarly subtilisin from a crude enzyme preparation was purified to 211 fold by this single step procedure with 94% recovery of the enzyme activity. The purified enzymes were shown to be homogeneous by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. PMID- 3909845 TI - Bulk preparation and crystallization of the Escherichia coli elongation factor Tu Ts complex. AB - A simple procedure for the preparation of 10-500 mg of the Escherichia coli elongation Tu-Ts complex is described. The protocol is based on the separate purification and quantitation of EF-Tu-GDP and EF-Ts, followed by mixing of equimolar amounts of each protein and removal of the displaced GDP by dialysis. Single crystals grown from the final product have been analyzed by X-ray diffraction techniques. The procedure is also applicable to the bulk preparation and crystallization of the trypsin-modified Tu-Ts complex. Quantitation of the elongation factors by three methods is presented. PMID- 3909846 TI - Sensitive method for the measurement of alcohol dehydrogenase activity in human serum by differential-pulse polarography. PMID- 3909847 TI - [Prethymic position of the left brachiocephalic vein in the human fetus]. PMID- 3909848 TI - [In memoriam Stephan Krompecher]. PMID- 3909849 TI - [In memoriam Professor Adolf Dabelow]. PMID- 3909850 TI - Ontogeny of renin immunoreactive cells in the human kidney. AB - We studied the time of appearance of renin-immunoreactive cells in prenatal human kidneys by immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Renin immunoreactivity was detectable as early as the 5th or 6th gestational week in the mesonephros and appeared at 8 weeks of gestation in the metanephros. In a 8 week old embryo "renin granules" were seen by TEM in the juxtaglomerular epithelioid granular cells of metanephric tissue. In the embryos delivered by prostaglandin-induced abortion, granular renin immunoreactivity was also present in the cells of the proximal convoluted tubule. Our results support the contention that the renin-angio-tension system is active during fetal life and indicates a role for renin even during the embryonic period. In addition, they document a morphologically detectable effect of prostaglandins on the distribution of renin in the kidney. PMID- 3909851 TI - Early substitution of whiskerpad by dorsal skin, cornea and palm of forepaw thoroughly modifies structure of barrelfield in mice. AB - The whiskerpads of embryonic and newborn mice were replaced by transplants taken from siblings, and consisting of dorsal skin, corneal tissue or volar skin from the forepaw. These substitutions led to abnormalities in the architecture of the corresponding cortical barrelfields. The results suggest that the pattern of receptors in the periphery may have an important influence on the maturation of the cytoarchitectonic organization of the cortex. PMID- 3909852 TI - Use of the fluorochrome propidium iodide for the identification of Xenopus germ plasm during immunofluorescence studies. AB - Addition of 0.5 microgram/ml of the red fluorescent dye propidium iodide to the penultimate wash of Xenopus early embryo serial sections during immunofluorescence studies causes germ plasm to fluoresce brightly. Germ plasm can be accurately and speedily identified in the serial sections. The use of this dye is a marked improvement over previous methods of germ plasm identification in unstained sections. Studies involving screening for germ-plasm-specific antibodies are greatly facilitated by staining germ plasm red with propidium iodide and searching for green colabelling by fluoresceinated antibodies. PMID- 3909853 TI - Effect of streptozotocin-induced diabetes on insulin binding parameters in adult rat testis. AB - Insulin binding parameters have been measured in testicular membranes of streptozotocin diabetic male rats. Insulin binding decrease was ascribed to the well-known depressing effect of diabetes mellitus on circulating luteinizing hormone (LH). Because both LH and insulin receptors are modulated by pituitary LH and because of their reduction in testes of diabetic rats, we conclude that Leydig cell dysfunction is a secondary disorder associated with this complex metabolic condition. PMID- 3909854 TI - [Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and its changes during open-heart surgery]. PMID- 3909855 TI - [Restoration of function of the donor's heart by the method of direct mechanical heart massage]. PMID- 3909856 TI - [Peridural analgesia using narcotic analgesics]. PMID- 3909857 TI - [Insulin in anesthesiology and resuscitation]. PMID- 3909858 TI - Chlamydial infections. AB - Chlamydiae are small bacteria that have a unique life cycle. There are two species, Chlamydia psittaci and C. trachomatis, which cause a wide spectrum of clinical disease, including neonatal conjunctivitis and pneumonia, sexually transmitted disease, psittacosis, and trachoma. The importance of chlamydial disease in public health is being increasingly recognized, and the incidence in developed countries seems to be increasing. An understanding of chlamydial disease, its prevention and treatment, is essential for the infection control practitioner, who can play a significant role in patient education. PMID- 3909859 TI - Doppler ultrasonic diagnosis of dissecting aneurysms of the aortic and great vessels. AB - The reliability of the method and the simplicity of the execution of the Doppler examination allowed us to use it as a diagnostic help in the dissecting aneurysms of the aorta and in the hiatrogenetic dissections of the great vessels. The findings carried out are peculiar from the point of view "acoustic" and from the point of view "morphologic" and in part they depend on the type of the vascular dissection. PMID- 3909860 TI - [French Society of Anesthesia and Resuscitation. List of members as of January 1, 1985]. PMID- 3909861 TI - Changes in leukocyte populations in pulmonary lavage fluids of calves after inhalation of Pasteurella haemolytica. AB - The distribution of leukocytes in bovine bronchoalveolar lavage fluids was determined in 15 calves at various times after aerosol exposure to Pasteurella haemolytica. For comparison, 10 calves were exposed to aerosols of phosphate buffered saline solution; 15 calves, to Staphylococcus epidermidis; and 10 calves, to Salmonella typhimurium endotoxin. At 10 minutes after inhalation exposure for each group, the predominant cell type was the macrophage. Macrophages remained the predominant cell type throughout each lavage interval for calves exposed to phosphate-buffered saline solution and Staph epidermidis. For calves exposed to P haemolytica, there was a decrease in the percentage of macrophages detectable by 30 minutes after exposure, with a corresponding increase in the percentage of neutrophils. Sixty minutes after the inhalation exposure to P haemolytica, the percentages of macrophages and neutrophils in the lavage fluid were equal. By 240 minutes after exposure to P haemolytica, greater than 90% of the cells in the lavage fluids was neutrophils. The increase in the percentage of neutrophils in lavage fluids from calves exposed to S typhimurium endotoxin was similar to that seen for the calves exposed to P haemolytica. PMID- 3909862 TI - Serum complement-fixing antibody to Pasteurella haemolytica A1 and its effect on experimentally induced pneumonic pasteurellosis in calves. AB - Ninety-three calves comprising 16 experimental groups were exposed to viral (bovine herpesvirus-1 or parainfluenza-3 virus) and Pasteurella haemolytica aerosols. Serum samples from these calves were tested before and after exposure for antibodies to P haemolytica by a modified direct complement-fixation test. At slaughter of the calves, the extent of pneumonia produced was estimated for each calf and compared with the results of the modified direct complement-fixation tests. The extent of pneumonia was not related (P greater than 0.05) to the amount of anti-P haemolytica antibody produced by either naturally occurring or experimentally induced infection. PMID- 3909863 TI - Oxytetracycline concentrations in plasma and lung of healthy and pneumonic calves, using two oxytetracycline preparations. AB - Drug concentrations in lung tissue and plasma pharmacokinetics of a long-acting preparation of oxytetracycline were compared with those of a standard preparation of oxytetracycline given to healthy and pneumonic calves. Both preparations achieved higher concentrations in the pneumonic lung when compared with those in the normal-appearing lung of the same group. A difference in concentrations in lung tissue was not found between preparations at either 24 or 48 hours. The plasma pharmacokinetic values did differ between preparations. Comparatively, the long-acting oxytetracycline had a smaller rate constant for disposition, a larger volume of distribution divided by bioavailability constant, and a longer half life. A difference in pharmacokinetic values was not observed between healthy and pneumonic calves. PMID- 3909864 TI - Effect of skin graft preparation and graft survival on the secondary contraction of full-thickness skin grafts in dogs. AB - The effects of 4 skin grafting techniques and graft survival on the secondary contraction of full-thickness skin grafts were evaluated. A total of 48 skin grafts were done on 12 dogs, with 2 skin grafts placed on both sides of the thorax of each dog. The grafting techniques included the sheet graft, sheet graft with continuous low-level suction provided by a butterfly catheter and evacuated glass tube, pie-crust graft, and nonexpanded mesh graft. Graft viability was assessed by visual inspection 10 days after surgical operation. Thirty skin grafts (64%) had a viability of 90% or greater. The final area of these grafts ranged from 73% to 119% of the original area. The secondary graft contraction followed a similar pattern for all graft types. During the first 10 days after surgical operation, the grafts contracted to 83% of their original area. Enlargement of the grafts began between 10 and 21 days after surgical operation. By 12 weeks, the grafts had attained a mean value of 96% of the original area. A significant difference in final area was not observed among graft types. Grafts with a high percentage of viability generally contracted less than those with larger areas of necrosis, but statistical relationship between viability and degree of contraction could not be proven. The results of the present study indicate that full-thickness skin grafts may be successfully done in dogs and that the grafts can be expected to undergo minimal postoperative contraction when graft survival is nearly complete. PMID- 3909865 TI - A trial of 13-cis-retinoic acid for treatment of squamous cell carcinoma and preneoplastic lesions of the head in cats. AB - Ten cats with a total of 15 cancerous or precancerous lesions were examined for clinical response to and histopathologic changes after treatment with 13-cis retinoic acid. Before treatment was started, the lesions were graded according to clinical severity and biopsied for histopathologic examination. Serum samples were prepared for determining vitamin A concentrations. For comparison, serum vitamin A concentrations in 10 clinically healthy cats were determined. 13-cis Retinoic acid (approx 3.0 mg/kg) was given to affected cats once a day for an average of 68 days. At the completion of the therapeutic trial, additional biopsy tissues were obtained for histopathologic examination, and serum was assayed for 13-cis-retinoic acid. Of the 15 lesions examined, only 1 showed partial clinical and microscopic improvement during the therapy period. The mean serum vitamin A concentration of the affected cats was not statistically different from that of the 10 healthy cats. The results of this trial indicated that 13-cis-retinoic acid used at this dosage, daily frequency, and duration did not have therapeutic efficacy for squamous cell carcinomas or preneoplastic lesions in the cat and that the mean serum vitamin A concentration did not differ between the affected cats and clinically healthy cats. PMID- 3909866 TI - Hybridization on bovine enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli with two heat-stable enterotoxin gene probes. AB - Hybridizations were done on bovine enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli with 2 heat stable (ST) enterotoxin gene probes from porcine and human origin (STp and STh). Of the baby mouse-positive isolates, 56 (53%) hybridized the STp probe and 50 (47%) did not. There was no isolate that hybridized the STh probe. Hybridization with the Stp probe was more frequent (P less than 0.005) for E coli isolated from calves that died before 2 weeks of age (49 STp-positive isolates of 77 [64%] isolates) than for E coli isolated from calves that died after 2 weeks of age (2 STp-positive of 21 [10%] isolates). PMID- 3909867 TI - Mommy and I are one. Implications for psychotherapy. PMID- 3909868 TI - [Liver transplant in childhood]. PMID- 3909869 TI - [Echography in the diagnosis on childhood nephrocalcinosis. Apropos of 5 cases]. AB - We have studied 5 patients with nephrocalcinosis by means of plain film and sonography. Our results, which are in agreement with other authors, show that it is possible to find nephocalcinosis with no findings in the plain film. We correlate both examinations and propose a new radiologic approach for this condition. PMID- 3909870 TI - [Prenatal diagnosis in a fetus with anencephaly and trisomy 18]. AB - Authors present a case of anencephaly with trisomy 18, diagnosed prenatally by altrasonographic screening and culture of amniotic cells. This association is rare in newborn children. They discuss if this is due to a high prenatal letality or a random event. PMID- 3909871 TI - [Prevention of renal injury by means of intermittent catheterization in children with neurogenic bladder secondary to spina bifida]. AB - We have studied 16 children with spina bifida treated by clean intermittent catheterism (CIC) for at least four years. Those without VUR (5 patients) and those with grades I to III (7 patients) have maintained their kidneys unscared. Furthermore, VUR disappeared in some of them. In 4 children with severe VUR (grades IV and V) a Cohen ureteroneocystostomy was added, and all kept their kidneys stable. Asymptomatic bacteriuria was not modified by CIC and its' eventual relationship with the onset of scarring could not be established. Kidney damage, however, can be detected earlier by decrease of concentration capacity. Continence was obtained in only 30% of the cases, but the addition of some drugs has further improved our results after this study was concluded. CIC should be used as a first choice treatment in most patients with neurogenic bladder due to spina bifida. PMID- 3909872 TI - [Renal cyst in childhood]. PMID- 3909873 TI - [Prune belly syndrome, atresia of the esophagus and polyhydramnios]. PMID- 3909874 TI - [Pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathies]. AB - There are two types of diabetic neuropathy: on the one hand, mononeuritis and, on the other hand, the symmetric polyneuropathy with a glove and stocking distribution and autonomic polyneuropathy. Mononeuritis (or mononeuritis multiplex) seems to be the result of ischaemia due to intrinsic or extrinsic (altered coagulability) vascular disease. Polyneuropathy is probably due to metabolic factors related to chronic hyperglycaemia: abnormal nerve energy metabolism, impaired axonal transport, increased activity of the sorbitol pathway, non-enzymatic nerve protein glucosylation and abnormal myo-inositol metabolism. The respective roles of these different factors in the pathogenesis of polyneuropathy are discussed. PMID- 3909875 TI - [Criminal irresponsibility of the mentally disordered in Roman law and in medieval canon law]. PMID- 3909876 TI - [Neuroses and practical medicine in the works of William Cullen]. PMID- 3909877 TI - [Logical data access and psychiatry]. PMID- 3909878 TI - Intermediate filaments: possible functions as cytoskeletal connecting links between the nucleus and the cell surface. PMID- 3909879 TI - Expression of the genes coding for the intermediate filament proteins vimentin and desmin. PMID- 3909880 TI - Monoclonal antibodies to desmin: evidence for stage-dependent intermediate filament immunoreactivity during cardiac and skeletal muscle development. AB - Monoclonal antibodies reactive with desmin (D3 and D76) have been generated and their specificities validated by immunoblots, RIAs, and immunocytochemistry. No cross-reaction with other IFPs has been observed. The McAbs recognized different epitopes but both reside in the amino-terminal rod domain of desmin. Whereas McAb D3 produces a staining pattern characteristic of desmin throughout the development of cardiac and skeletal muscles, McAb D76 was selectively unreactive with certain regions of early (three days in ovo) embryonic cardiac anlage, with cultured cardiac myocytes derived from 7-day-old embryos, and with skeletal myotubes in early stages of myogenesis in vitro. Positive reactivity of D76 was seen at stages of myofibrillogenesis when the sarcomeres assume lateral alignment. Evidence was presented that differential reactivity of D76 did not result from the biosynthesis of a new desmin isoform or the post-translational modification of an existing protein. We suggest that the appearance of D76 immunoreactivity during striated muscle development represents an unmasking of the epitope by some IF-associated protein. Since this transition during skeletal muscle differentiation occurs during lateral alignment of the myofibrils, this antibody may serve as a useful probe for exploring this reorganization of the contractile apparatus during myogenesis and muscle regeneration. PMID- 3909881 TI - Cross-linking of intermediate filaments to microtubules by microtubule-associated protein 2. PMID- 3909882 TI - Intermediate filaments in skeletal and cardiac muscle tissue in embryonic and adult chicken. PMID- 3909883 TI - Intermediate filament and associated proteins in heart Purkinje fibers: a membrane-myofibril anchored cytoskeletal system. PMID- 3909884 TI - Intermediate filament associated proteins. PMID- 3909886 TI - Recent studies of the glial fibrillary acidic protein. PMID- 3909885 TI - Interactions between microtubules and neurofilaments in vitro. PMID- 3909887 TI - The chicken vimentin gene: aspects of organization and transcription during myogenesis. AB - The intermediate filament gene vimentin exists in a single copy in the chick haploid genome. However, it exhibits the curious property of producing at least three functional vimentin mRNA transcripts in vivo through the differential utilization of multiple polyadenylylation sites. According to one group in erythroid cells there may be a tissue-specific utilization of one of these poly A addition sites. The chicken and hamster vimentin genes exhibit remarkable nucleotide sequence homology both within coding and 3'-noncoding regions (82%). This nucleotide homology extends both to the size and juxtaposition of exons. With the noted exception of valine, even the frequency of codons utilized is strongly conserved across the widely different species. Of course, this strong homology at the DNA level extends to an amino acid homology of 92% between vimentins and 65% between related proteins in the same species. PMID- 3909888 TI - Vimentin and desmin cDNA clones: structural aspects of corresponding proteins and genes. PMID- 3909889 TI - [Towards a strategy for the epidemiological study of alveolar echinococcosis. Apropos of cases of infestation seen in Microtus arvalis P. in the Doubs (France)]. AB - The aim of the authors is to give some precisions about the relationship between the cycle of Echinococcus multilocularis and the dynamics of the different potential hosts (rodents and carnivorous) existing on the area under study (Sept Fontaines, Doubs, France), by analysing the results of rodents trapping operation (mainly on Microtus arvalis) some of it are infested by the parasite. For this purpose they include the parasite in a prey-predator system and show how the behavioural pattern of the different species involved in the system (in one hand, the predator, Vulves vulpes, infested by the adult form of the parasite, in an another hand the prey, different vole species, infested by larvae) allowed a regular circulation of the parasite between rodents and foxes. In the view of increasing our knowledge about the dynamic of parasite transmission they propose an ecological approach which should allowed to realise a real epidemiological study. In the described process the diversity of habitats had been taken into consideration and play a fundamental part. PMID- 3909890 TI - [Morphology of adult and sub-adult Wuchereria bancrofti. Differential characteristics among the strains]. AB - The description of the fourth stage larva of W. bancrofti provides an indication of the direction of morphological evolution in the genus showing in particular that W. kalimantani is more highly evolved than W. bancrofti and constitutes a "capture" by Presbytis of the species parasitic in man. No morphological character of adult W. bancrofti distinguishes the geographic origin of the different collections studied. By contrast, the morphological characters of the microfilariae and their biological features are significantly different, but are not inter-correlated. It therefore appears that in the genus Wuchereria, as in the other viviparous filarioids, the phenomenon of speciation is evident first of all in the morphology of the microfilaria, the stage most susceptible to selection pressures. PMID- 3909891 TI - A simple and inexpensive device for microvascular training. AB - A simple and inexpensive device is described that is easy to assemble and provides an excellent model for developing sound microvascular technique. PMID- 3909892 TI - Purse-string suture for reduction and closure of skin defects. AB - Purse-string subcuticular suture for closure or diminishing skin defects is reported. The same principle applied to breast surgery resulted in a simple and useful way of reducing the size of the areola. PMID- 3909893 TI - Vascularization, cellular behavior, and union of vascularized bone grafts: experimental study in the rabbit. AB - The rabbit fibula was used as the experimental model in this study of the biological changes in nonvascularized and vascularized bone grafts (N = 72). Radiological study showed that the time required for union was about the same for both types of graft. Histological study with tetracycline as a marker showed that there were cellular changes in these two types of graft: moderate hematopoietic and osteocytic loss associated with an increase in bone porosity in vascularized grafts and virtually total osteocytic renewal and marrow necrosis in nonvascularized bone grafts. Quantitative study of vascularization by flow measurement using labeled microspheres showed a brief initial phase of hypervascularization in vascularized grafts, while revascularization took place early in nonvascularized grafts and was followed by hyperemia from the first to the third month. Calcium uptake curves for the two types of graft were quite closely superimposable upon blood flow rate curves. However, the comparative results presented in this study may be tempered by the fact that all grafts were applied to a recipient bed of excellent quality, consisting of well-vascularized muscles. PMID- 3909894 TI - A histological, immunological, and electron microscopic study of bovine collagen implants in the human. AB - The histological fate of an injectable form of type I bovine dermal collagen (Zyderm collagen implant) in the human dermis and subcutaneous tissue has been studied. Sequential biopsies were analyzed by hematoxylin-eosin and Weigert's stains, by immunofluorescence (using a highly specific rabbit anti-Zyderm collagen antibody and a specific anti-human type III collagen antibody), and by electron miscroscopy. The results of this study suggest that the bovine implant material stimulates a host response resulting in implant degradation and replacement by newly generated host collagen. PMID- 3909895 TI - Free flaps versus conventional surgery. AB - On the basis of about 60 cases, we discuss the clinical use of groin, latissimus dorsi, dorsalis pedis, scapular, parascapular, and forearm free flaps. These flaps are evaluated in relation to some alternate reconstructive procedures in various regions of the body, with photographic documentation. PMID- 3909896 TI - Nipple reconstruction with four-lobe composite auricular graft. AB - A new method of nipple reconstruction using a four-lobe free composite graft from the inferior pole of the earlobe in the shape of a clover leaf is described. Invagination of the flaps achieves long-term nipple projection without flattening. Donor deformity has been negligible and ear piercing has been preserved when desired. The transposed grafts have retained the pinkish appearance of the vascular donor sites. Color has blended well with the pigmented areolar grafts. PMID- 3909897 TI - Management of perioral burn scarring in the child and adolescent. AB - The experience gained in the treatment of 116 patients with perioral burn scarring is presented. Important considerations are the choice of unit release or simple release, the choice of donor site to match the prevailing skin of the remainder of the face, and the timing of the reconstruction. Delaying the reconstructive procedure with the routine use of pressure appliances until the scar was mature produced a more pleasing final result. In addition, we found that modifying the traditional aesthetic unit excised to include darts when there was severe burning of the surrounding facial cheek skin with loss of natural nasolabial folds improved the final result and reduced the need for secondary revision. PMID- 3909898 TI - The double-eyelid operation in Japan: its evolution as related to cultural changes. AB - Of the many aspects of aesthetic surgery, the double-eyelid operation generates the most interest for Japanese surgeons, as there has been an enormous demand for it by patients who are fashion-conscious. It has been possible to locate 32 operative procedures that have been published in the Japanese literature over the past ninety years. Some of these procedures have been reviewed here in relation to the cultural and social changes which are important factors determining the extent of the demand for the operation and which correlate with various changes in surgical technique. This study chronologically describes each of the principal methods related to these social changes and also considers the influence of cultural fads and fashions. PMID- 3909899 TI - The preparation of small dermal grafts. AB - A fast, simple, and accurate method for preparation of dermal grafts by using the Mini Dermatome for removal of the subdermal fat and the epidermis is presented. PMID- 3909901 TI - Clinical experience in cranial and facial reconstruction with demineralized bone. AB - While autogenous bone is the preferred building material for skull and facial bone reconstruction, it has definite disadvantages that make the continued use of alloplastic materials inviting. Studies in the past few years have generated considerable publicity about demineralized bone as a possible substitute for autogenous bone. A clinical study using commercially available, demineralized bone in 25 patients with a follow-up period of 6 to 18 months was completed. Results indicated that where there was a functional need or the environment (tissue envelope) was satisfactory, the demineralized bone induced osteogenesis; otherwise, there was considerable resorption of the implant. This implies that, for filling bony defects or reconstructing posttraumatic deformities, the implant generally worked fairly well, while attempts to augment bony contours, especially large areas such as the forehead, were generally not satisfactory. Even where there was a functional need for bone, a significant degree of unpredictable resorption of the demineralized implant occurred. PMID- 3909900 TI - Experimental end-to-side anastomosis of arteries less than one millimeter in diameter and clinical applications. AB - Experimental end-to-side anastomoses of rabbit arteries less than 1.0 mm in diameter were performed. Technical details, angle of inset, and vessel opening discrepancy are discussed. We emphasize the value of end-to-side arterial anastomoses in increasing the patency rates of anastomoses and consequently the survival rates of composite graft transfers. Twenty-eight clinical free composite tissue transfers using end-to-side arterial anastomoses were completed with total graft survival. PMID- 3909902 TI - The long-term survival of onlay bone grafts--a comparative study in mature and immature animals. AB - Onlay bone grafting was studied with regard to age of the animal and type of bone graft used (membranous bone or endochondral bone with or without periosteum, and decalcified homograft). The bone grafts were placed in the nasal dorsum in a group of mature and immature New Zealand rabbits. Volume displacement studies were carried out. Graft survival was greatest in membranous bone and least in endochondral grafts. There was significantly greater absorption of endochondral grafts in immature animals than in the mature group. Presence or absence of periosteum did not make a significant difference in graft survival. PMID- 3909903 TI - The efficacy of random biopsies during breast augmentation. AB - A clinical study was undertaken to evaluate the practice of collecting random routine biopsies during augmentation mammaplasties and related breast procedures; 838 specimens were collected from 455 patients over a 2-year period. The laboratory findings were compared with pathological conditions deemed to be potentially precancerous in current literature; 11 specimens (1.4%) were determined to be "high risk" and one (0.1%) was found to be cancerous. The conclusion was subsequently drawn that the random biopsy alone, although beneficial, was not an effective means of patient evaluation. PMID- 3909904 TI - [Course and prognosis of apparently primary congestive cardiomyopathies in chronic alcoholic patients]. AB - The authors analyse a series of 36 chronic alcoholic patients with primary congestive cardiomyopathy. The clinical course of these cases was analysed in order to define the prognostic factors. All of the patients were male with a mean age of 47 years. 55 per cent of cases presented a functional deterioration. The 5 year mortality was 50 per cent. The high incidence of sudden death (38 per cent of deaths) was probably related to ventricular arrhythmias. The other deaths were due to end-stage heart failure. The survival did not differ significantly from that of primary congestive cardiomyopathy in non-alcoholic patients. It depends, above all, on the left ventricular function and is influenced by the initial value for the ejection fraction. Alcoholic withdrawal was found to be a beneficial prognostic factor when it was early, but it became ineffective in cases with major alteration in the left ventricular function. Ultrasound and radioisotope studies demonstrated the development of segmental kinetic disorders and intracavitary thrombi in the left ventricle. These lesions have a pejorative prognostic significance. The initial systolic diameter of the left auricle seems to have a prognostic value as it reflects the degree of activity of the disease. PMID- 3909905 TI - [Contribution of echocardiography and Holter monitoring to the diagnosis of occult sources of cerebral embolism]. AB - 112 echocardiographies and 91 long-term Holter recordings were performed looking for an emboligenic cardiac lesion in patients in sinus rhythm and free of any major carotid atherosclerosis. The results were evaluated in relation to the emboligenic potential of the lesions observed. 5 positive results were obtained (4.46%) on echocardiography (3 aneurysms of the interatrial septum, 1 myxoma and 1 endocarditis) and 10 positive results (10.99%) were demonstrated on the Holter monitor. Among the 45 (40.18%) echocardiographic anomalies capable of constituting a cardiac site of origin of emboli, there were 18 cases of dilatation or hypertrophy of the left chambers of the heart, 13 cases of calcification of the aortic valve, 8 cases of prolapse of the mitral valve and 8 cases of calcification of the mitral ring. Finally, 55.35 per cent of the echocardiographic examinations and 52.74 per cent of the Holter examinations were found to be normal. Although the yield of these examinations is low, the anomalies discovered were definitely responsible for the cerebral emboli and could only have been demonstrated by such investigations. PMID- 3909906 TI - [Value of echocardiography in cardiological emergencies in adults]. AB - To-day, two dimensional echocardiography represents a fundamental technique for diagnosis in cardiovascular emergency in the adult. The appropriate place for that type of examination is in different pathologies such as acute myocardial infarction, cardiac tamponade, dissecting aortic aneurysm, pulmonary embolism, dysfunction of prosthetic cardiac valves. PMID- 3909907 TI - [Complete branch blocks in asymptomatic patients]. AB - Basing themselves on their personal experience and a review of the international literature, the authors study complete bundle branch blocks in asymptomatic subjects. They show that before the age of 50 these complete bundle branch blocks rarely progress towards a complete A-V block. They emphasise the excellent prognosis in the long term for isolated right or left blocks without obvious signs of cardiovascular disease and they cite cases of prolonged survival (20 to 40 years after discovery of the bundle branch block). PMID- 3909908 TI - Scoring system for computer-aided diagnosis of acute appendicitis. The value of prospective versus retrospective studies. AB - The high negative exploration rate in patients with suspected acute appendicitis is the main compelling reason to improve the accuracy in managing patients with acute abdominal pain. In this article, data from a prospective study on a group of patients undergoing an acute appendectomy were used to devise a scoring system for the purpose of differentiating between the patients with an acute appendicitis and those found to have a normal appendix at operation. The results show that by using the scoring system described, 30% of the unnecessary appendectomies could have been avoided. These findings show the potential value of this method. The results of the prospective study were compared with the results of a retrospective study on the same group of patients demonstrating a significant difference and hence the unreliability of retrospective studies. PMID- 3909909 TI - Group A streptococcal peritonitis in infancy. AB - Primary peritonitis in infancy is a rare condition. It is usually associated with a severe pathological process, such as nephrotic syndrome. When it affects previously healthy infants it causes diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties. Pneumococci, streptococci and Haemophilus influenzae are possible causative agents, other causes are rare. The clinical course of two infants with group A streptococcal peritonitis is described. PMID- 3909910 TI - Visual internal urethrotomy. A prospective controlled trial comparing the results after 3 versus 28 days of postoperative catheterisation. AB - In a randomized trial, treatment of urethral stricture by direct visual internal urethrotomy with 3 days of postoperative catheterisation was found to be sufficient, given minimal complications, and had a cure rate of 85% after 6 months and 80% after 1 year follow-up. The postoperative follow-up should not include urethrography, but patient's statement and maximal urinary flow rate might be adequate. PMID- 3909911 TI - Uterus duplex with a unilaterally imperforate vagina--diagnosis and treatment. Report of two cases and review of the literature. AB - Severe cyclic dysmenorrhoea in a young woman with a unilateral abdominopelvic mass terminating in a purpuric bulge in the lateral vaginal wall, and resulting in renal agenesis ipsilateral to the pelvic mass, suggests uterus didelphys with unilaterally imperforate vagina. A report of two cases, their diagnostic and therapeutic approach and review of the literature are presented. PMID- 3909912 TI - Regulation of circulation and breathing during sleep: experimental aspects. AB - Both circulation and breathing show basic differences in regulation between synchronized sleep and desynchronized sleep. Closed-loop operations of automatic control mechanisms during synchronized sleep ensure an efficient and steady regulation of such functions as in wakefulness, although at a lower level of energy expenditure. In contrast, a change in the mode of regulation of automatic control mechanisms, consisting in a prevalence of open-loop operations, underlies the functional inconsistency of effector activities during desynchronized sleep. PMID- 3909913 TI - Cardiac dysfunction during sleep. PMID- 3909914 TI - Sleep function, with particular reference to sleep deprivation. AB - Human total sleep deprivation (TSD) findings up to the present show that the organ most affected is the brain, which displays psychological and some neurological decriments. The rest of the body seems to cope surprisingly well, indicating little sign of stress or malfunction. Central nervous system (CNS) effects also include some impairment to homeostatic control, particularly thermoregulation, which in humans seem to be minor, but for small mammals the outcome may be more serious. In humans, only a specific part of the lost sleep is made up, suggesting that a certain portion of a night's sleep ("obligatory" sleep) is essential to the brain, and that the remainder ("facultative" sleep) is more dispensable. Contrasting with the nominal TSD effects on the body (excluding the CNS), there are claims that sleep is necessary for general tissue growth and repair. The underlying evidence is examined, but is shown to have alternative interpretations. Anabolism may not rely so much on sleep, but on food intake and rest. PMID- 3909915 TI - Disorders of excessive sleepiness. PMID- 3909916 TI - Narcolepsy. Clinical features and aetiology. AB - Narcolepsy is not a rare disease. Age of onset varies from childhood to the 5th decade. Evidence for a genetic basis stems from the overall rate of narcolepsy and/or disorder of excessive somnolence among first degree relatives. The clinical features include overwhelming episodes of sleep, excessive daytime somnolence, hypnagogic hallucinations, disturbed nocturnal sleep; manifestations of dissociated REM sleep inhibitory process, cataplexy and sleep paralysis; and a special polygraphic pattern: the sleep onset REM episode. Not all symptoms are necessarily present at the onset or even during the course of narcolepsy. Excessive daytime somnolence never disappears completely while other symptoms may. Narcolepsy is a disabling condition. Its aetiology is still poorly understood but the use of natural animal models, namely dogs and horses, has been an important contribution in the areas of genetic, pharmacological and direct neurochemical analysis. Treatment of excessive daytime somnolence is still primarily based upon CNS stimulants while treatment of cataplexy and other related symptoms rests on chlorimipramine. However, new treatments are being tested, which could be of significant value. PMID- 3909917 TI - Sleep, sleeplessness, and sleep disruptions in infants and young children. PMID- 3909918 TI - Nocturnal and early morning headaches. PMID- 3909919 TI - Snoring and disease. AB - Snoring is an inspiratory sound caused during sleep by vibration of different parts of the upper airways. It is one of the main symptoms of obstructive sleep apnoea in addition to excessive daytime sleepiness. This review asks what the clinician should know about snoring and considers the following aspects: mechanism, prevalence, significance in cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases, association with psychosocial problems, diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 3909920 TI - Mood alterations and sleep. PMID- 3909921 TI - Age-related sleep habits and retirement. PMID- 3909922 TI - Drug treatment of insomnia: indications and complications. AB - The evaluation and treatment of sleep disorders represent an important area of research and clinical practice. Attempts to improve disturbed sleep are often needed, and treatment of the primary disorder associated with the insomnia, rather than the symptom of sleep disturbance, is always desirable. Our insight into sleep physiology and homeostasis is, however, rather limited. There may be several causative factors behind sleeping problems, and the treatment must be chosen accordingly. Of the drugs marketed, benzodiazepines are the drugs of choice, but other types of drugs are often useful in selected patients. The pharmacological profiles of the various types of benzodiazepines differ markedly from one another. The rate of distribution of the drug determines the duration of effects after a single dose whereas the elimination half-life is the determining factor during continuous intake. A treatment programme based on the individual patient and the type of sleep disturbance is usually necessary. An understanding of the quality and occurrence of such phenomena as carry-over, withdrawal and rebound effects as well as dependence problems reduces treatment complications and unnecessary use of sleeping pills. A good patient/doctor relationship is also needed to minimize the potential risks as well as the unnecessary use of hypnotic drugs. PMID- 3909923 TI - Shifted sleep hours. AB - This paper reviews the effects of suboptimal timing of the sleep/wake cycle on sleep, alertness and well-being. It is seen that shift work and rapid travel across time zones causes disturbed sleep and increased fatigue. These effects are mainly due to sleep being displaced to a rising phase of the circadian rhythm at which the interference with sleep is at its maximum. The process may also be reversed such that pathological changes of the circadian rhythm may require sleep patterns incompatible with those of the rest of society. The review concludes with a discussion of possible counter measures. PMID- 3909924 TI - Automatic analysis of sleep recordings: a critical review. PMID- 3909925 TI - Prevention of thalassaemias in South-East Asia. AB - There are about 55 million people in South-East Asia carrying a thalassaemia gene or a haemoglobin E gene. It is thus not surprising that there are large numbers of patients suffering from beta thalassaemia major, HbE-beta thalassaemia, HbH disease and babies born dead with homozygous alpha thalassaemia (Barts hydrops fetalis). The present methods available for the management of these disorders are discussed and are far from ideal and patients may die from these diseases in spite of treatment, and for many during their short life span, the quality of life is poor. It is therefore argued that prevention of the birth of such individuals is the only satisfactory method of 'management'. In this regard, population screening methods are described and the practicality and usefulness of such population screening for S.E. Asia are discussed. Prenatal diagnosis for these disorders have reached a stage where it is a practical proposition and the various methods using chain separation of fetal blood, and DNA recombinant analysis of fetal cells are described. PMID- 3909926 TI - [Neurosecretion and peptidergic synapses]. AB - The notion of interneuronal neurosecretory synapses, proposed since 1954, was ignored until 1973; dating from this year the equivalent notion of peptidergic synapses becomes progressively recognized. The same holds true for the notion of intranervous transfer of neurosecretory substances, also proposed in 1954 and which (together with the former notion of interneuronal neurosecretory synapses) perfectly agrees with our present state of knowledge concerning peptidergic communications in the central nervous system. PMID- 3909927 TI - [Coexpression of immunoreactivity with an anti-corticoliberin immune serum and immunoreactivity with an anti-vasopressin immune serum in human hypothalamic neurons]. AB - Confrontations of immuno-stainings as well as sequential stainings with corticoliberin and vasopressin antisera were performed on contiguous sections of human median eminence (ME) or hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN). Results show that a double immunoreactivity to both IS is expressed in some parvicellular PVN perikarya, and suggest that such a double immunoreactivity can be possible in some ME fibers. Similar results had been previously obtained in animals only under experimental conditions. PMID- 3909928 TI - Mitogenic effects of phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) on amphibian cells. AB - Tumour promoter phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) stimulates and causes proliferation of cells from the spleen, thymus and peripheral blood of Xenopus laevis, the clawed toad. Phagocytic cells become activated and from foci of clustered cells. B cells blast and change membrane immunoglobulin (Ig) expression; a small portion go on to secrete Ig. The surface Ig-negative splenocyte population, which contains T cells, responds to PMA by active proliferation. Splenocytes, once stimulated by PMA, become refractory to further addition of PMA but respond instead to ConA. These results are discussed in the general context of the effect of PMA lymphocytes. PMID- 3909929 TI - Vaccines against mycobacteria and other intracellular multiplying bacteria. AB - As the prototype of a vaccine against mycobacterial infection, the BCG (bacille bilie Calmette et Guerin) has been used against tuberculosis for more than 60 years. It is the only live attenuated vaccine used on humans in more than 182 countries or territories in the world, and very few changes have been made in its fabrication and distribution, except for the production of lyophilized seed-lots. However, its history is marked with controversies concerning its innocuity and efficacy. While BCG safety is no longer a matter of debate, the question of its effectiveness is still pertinent, and results in several controlled trials have shown great variability (from 0 to 80%). The studies of different variables involved in such results have shown statistical bias, and numerous factors are involved in the highly complex interrelationships between the host, the pathogen and environmental factors. World-wide research is now being conducted under the auspices of the World Health Organisation, in order to gain further knowledge of the immunology of tuberculosis and leprosy. Such results are aimed at understanding variations in BCG efficacy and producing strategies for developing new vaccines and alternative methods for prophylaxis and diagnosis. Concerning human infections due to other facultative intracellular multiplying bacteria, there are relatively few vaccines which are able to give long-lasting and efficient protection. Some controversy remains as to the live attenuated mutant GalE S. typhi Ty21a, and there is hope for the new insoluble phenol extract from Brucella abortis, strain B19. Further research is necessary on the others, for instance, Listeria monocytogenes, Chlamydia trachomatis and Legionella sp. PMID- 3909930 TI - [The expanded WHO vaccination program]. AB - The Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) was established by the World Health Assembly in 1974. The EPI goal is to reduce morbidity and mortality by making immunization services available for all children of the world by 1990. General considerations on EPI vaccines, their security and efficacy, the age of administration and the number and spacing of doses are discussed. Vaccine administration, including strategies and tactics, cost effectiveness, immunization coverage and disease surveillance are reviewed. PMID- 3909931 TI - Sequences within the mature maltose-binding protein of Escherichia coli may be actively involved in initiating the export process. PMID- 3909932 TI - [Changes in the cell wall of Candida albicans cultivated in the presence of sublethal doses of nystatin]. AB - Subinhibitory doses of nystatin in the culture medium of Candida albicans gave yeasts with altered cell walls. Major alterations chiefly concerned the antigenic peptidomannans. Their amount in wall and their molecular weight were smaller in yeast grown with nystatin than in normal cultured yeast. Glucans and chitin were not seriously modified. Polymers requiring lipidic intermediates such as dolichol phosphate for their biosynthesis seemed to be most affected by the presence of nystatin. PMID- 3909933 TI - Production of monoclonal antibodies against Mycobacterium leprae and armadillo derived mycobacteria. AB - Six monoclonal antibodies to Mycobacterium leprae and armadillo-derived mycobacteria were produced. The monoclonal antibodies were characterized by an immunofluorescence assay using 22 mycobacterial strains. One monoclonal antibody, F47-21-3, reacted only with M. leprae; two, F45-9 and F45-15, reacted only with two armadillo-derived mycobacterial strains. These six monoclonal antibodies can be used for the identification of M. leprae and armadillo-derived mycobacteria. PMID- 3909934 TI - [A medium for rapid and economic identification of Escherichia coli lactose+ colonies: brilliant green-bile-lactose-tryptophan broth]. AB - Among 17 lactose-fermenting species of Enterobacteriaceae (735 strains studied), only Escherichia coli could grow at 44 degrees C in brilliant green/ bile/lactose/L-tryptophan broth (BLBVB-T) with production of gas and indole. When the inoculum was from a lactose+ colony developed on selective or differential agar media commonly used in enteric bacteriology, detection of gas and indole in BLBVB-T after 8 to 18 h incubation at 44 degrees C allowed good identification of E. coli. The use of a single-test medium for the identification of lactose+ E. coli saves time and money. PMID- 3909935 TI - [Echography in urology. Why? By whom?]. PMID- 3909936 TI - [Left-sided inferior vena cava: source of peroperative difficulties in nephrectomy of a horseshoe kidney with pyonephrosis]. AB - A case of left-sided inferior vena cava, discovered intra-operatively, is reported. The authors consider that the operative risk associated with this anomaly could have been avoided by preoperative ultrasonographic localisation of the vessel. They recommend that ultrasonographic localisation of the inferior vena cava should be an integral part of every renal ultrasonography examination. PMID- 3909937 TI - Identification of the inflammatory cells in the central nervous system of patients with adrenoleukodystrophy. AB - Adrenoleukodystrophy is a disorder of long-chain fatty acid metabolism associated with adrenal cortical insufficiency and central nervous system demyelination. The central nervous system disease is unusual in that it is abrupt in onset and accompanied by a considerable infiltration of mononuclear inflammatory cells. To determine the nature of these inflammatory cells, immunocytochemical staining was carried out on the mononuclear cells in the brain and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with adrenoleukodystrophy. Monoclonal antibodies to T lymphocytes (T11), the helper/inducer (T4) and cytotoxic/suppressor (T8) subsets of T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes (B1), and monocyte/macrophages (M1 or esterase) were used. Mononuclear cells in the perivascular cuffs of autopsy material from 4 patients were, on average, 59% T cells, 34% T4 cells, 16% T8 cells, 24% B cells, and 11% monocyte/macrophages. Cerebrospinal fluid from 8 of 10 patients had increased IgG concentrations. Mononuclear cells in the cerebrospinal fluid of 6 patients with active disease were, on average, 61% T cells, 40% T4 cells, 16% T8 cells, 3% B cells, and 18% monocyte/macrophages. This distribution of cells is similar to that found in the central nervous system during a cellular immune response and suggests the possibility that one component of this disease is immunologically mediated. PMID- 3909938 TI - A history of mouse genetics. PMID- 3909939 TI - Genetic analyses of DNA repair: inference and extrapolation. PMID- 3909940 TI - HPRT: gene structure, expression, and mutation. PMID- 3909941 TI - Mouse t haplotypes. PMID- 3909942 TI - Steroid receptor regulated transcription of specific genes and gene networks. PMID- 3909943 TI - Processed pseudogenes: characteristics and evolution. AB - The processed pseudogenes reported to date fall into three categories: those that are a complete copy of the mRNA transcribed from the functional gene, those that are only a partial copy of the corresponding mRNA, and those that contain sequences in addition to those expected to be present in the mRNA. The general structural characteristics of these processed pseudogenes include the complete lack of intervening sequences found in the functional counterparts, a poly A tract at the 3' end, and direct repeats flanking the pseudogene sequence. In all the cases studied, these pseudogenes have been found to be on a different chromosome from their functional counterpart. These characteristics have led investigators to suggest that an RNA intermediate, in many cases the mRNA of the functional gene, is involved in the production of these pseudogenes. The mechanism by which processed pseudogenes arose involves the integration of the mRNA, or its cDNA copy, into a staggered chromosome break, followed by DNA synthesis and repair. I suggest that all the transcripts that gave rise to these pseudogenes were actually produced in the germ line cell. The transcripts that gave rise to the processed pseudogenes that are direct copies of the corresponding mRNA resulted from RNA polymerase II transcription of the functional counterpart. Pseudogenes that are not a direct copy of the corresponding mRNA may have resulted from RNA polymerase III transcription. If this is indeed the case, one need not postulate the involvement of retroviruses to explain the presence of processed pseudogenes corresponding to genes that are not expressed in the germ line. Following the integration event, processed pseudogenes can no longer be transcribed to produce the functional mRNA from which they arose. This inability to be transcribed by RNA polymerase II is not surprising considering that processed pseudogenes seem to be randomly integrated into the genome. Therefore, integration of a processed pseudogene such that RNA polymerase II transcriptional promoters are correctly positioned 5' to the resultant pseudogene is an unlikely event. The presence of processed pseudogenes seems peculiar to mammals. In fact, evolutionary studies indicate that processed pseudogenes are of relatively recent origin. In fact, at least one processed pseudogene, the human DHFR psi 1, has been formed so recently that it is polymorphic. PMID- 3909944 TI - Hybrid genes: molecular approaches to tissue-specific gene regulation. PMID- 3909945 TI - The structure and function of yeast centromeres. PMID- 3909946 TI - The genetic analysis of mammalian cell-cycle mutants. PMID- 3909947 TI - Structure and evolution of the insulin gene. PMID- 3909949 TI - [The Duffy system: a population genetics study in Portugal, Guinea-Bissau and Brazil]. AB - 2225 blood samples from Portugal (classed according to historical provinces), 301 blood samples from Guinea-Bissau (classed in tribes) and 697 blood samples from Brazil (classed according to colour of skin) have been tested in the Duffy system. The Portuguese seem to be a sufficiently uniform and autonomous population. This is also true for the (non-rejected) blood-samples from Guinea Bissau. The Brazilians differ in accordance with their colour of skin. The expected relations between Portugal and its former colonies can be proved. The Duffy system is suited for the distinction of black and non-black populations and enables to recognize extraneous admixtures. PMID- 3909948 TI - Selected topics in chromatin structure. PMID- 3909950 TI - [Biosynthesis of lytic enzymes in a mixed culture of actinomycetes and yeasts]. AB - It was shown that S. levoris, an organism producing levorin, formed lytic enzymes in monocultures and in mixed cultures with C. tropicalis. Stimulation of the antibiotic production in the mixed cultures depended on the activity of lysoenzymes. When their activity was lowered by addition of cobalt salts to the medium the stimulating effect on the antibiotic synthesis was not observed. In cultivation of S. levoris and C. tropicalis it is necessary to provide optimal conditions for the growth of the yeasts and synthesis of the biostimulator by them and also for the simultaneous growth of the actinomycete and production of the antibiotic and lytic enzymes by it. PMID- 3909951 TI - [Action of tomicide on bacterial cells. The bacteriostatic, bactericidal and bacteriolytic properties of tomicide]. AB - The effect of the minimum bacteriostatic and bactericidal concentrations of native and concentrated tomicid on Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus hemolyticus and Micrococcus was studied. It was shown that the bactericidal effect of tomicid was attained with the use of the doses 2-10 times higher than those required for the bacteriostatic effect. The minimum concentrations of tomicid effective against gram-positive cocci varied within the ranges described for the other biologically active substances of bacterial origin. The dose dependent lytic effect of tomicid was studied. It was found that for lysis of the cells it was necessary to doses significantly exceeding the bactericidal ones. PMID- 3909952 TI - Comparative activities of piperacillin, ceftazidime, and amikacin, alone and in all possible combinations, against experimental Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in neutropenic rats. AB - This study compared the efficacy of therapy with the double beta-lactam combination of ceftazidime plus piperacillin with that of single-agent therapy with ceftazidime, piperacillin, or amikacin alone and with that of two aminoglycoside-beta-lactam combinations against Pseudomonas aeruginosa peritonitis and bacteremia in neutropenic rats. Rats made severely granulocytopenic with cyclophosphamide became bacteremic secondary to peritonitis which was induced by intraperitoneal challenge with P. aeruginosa. Antibiotic therapy with single agents (amikacin, 20 mg/kg of body weight, intramuscularly; ceftazidime, 20 mg/kg of body weight, subcutaneously; piperacillin, 200 mg/kg of body weight, intramuscularly) or with the various combinations of agents was begun 2 h after bacterial challenge and was continued every 6 to 8 h for 62 h. Therapeutic efficacy was judged on the basis of survival 72 h after bacterial challenge, rate of mortality, incidence of bacteremia, and the emergence of resistant organisms. Based on these criteria, therapy with the double beta-lactam combination had no advantage over single-agent therapy and was in all cases clearly inferior to beta-lactam-aminoglycoside combinations. PMID- 3909953 TI - Correlation between growth curve and killing curve of Escherichia coli after a brief exposure to suprainhibitory concentrations of ampicillin and piperacillin. AB - Escherichia coli strains that were susceptible to multiple antibiotics were exposed to suprainhibitory concentrations of ampicillin and piperacillin. As with the majority of beta-lactam antibiotics, the growth curves showed an increase in optical density (OD) before lysis during the first hours. This increase in OD depended on the concentration of ampicillin and was independent of the concentration of piperacillin. A good correlation was found between the prelytic increase in OD and the killing curve. During the prelytic increase in OD, the number of CFU per milliliter remained constant. The decrease in the number of CFU per milliliter depended on the concentration of ampicillin and was independent of the concentration of piperacillin. pH variations gave rise to similar effects on growth curves and killing curves. PMID- 3909954 TI - Efficacy of amikacin and ceftazidime in experimental aortic valve endocarditis due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - The in vivo efficacies of amikacin, ceftazidime, and their combination were evaluated in experimental aortic valve endocarditis due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Eighty catheterized rabbits were infected with a P. aeruginosa strain susceptible to both amikacin and ceftazidime and then received no therapy (controls), amikacin (15 mg/kg per day), ceftazidime (100 mg/kg per day), or amikacin-ceftazidime. Amikacin-ceftazidime significantly lowered vegetation titers of P. aeruginosa at day 7 of therapy versus other regimens (P less than 0.0005). However, by day 14 of therapy, vegetation titers in animals receiving amikacin or ceftazidime regimens or both were not different from those of untreated controls; this was associated with in vivo development of amikacin resistance in most infected vegetations (79%), a phenomenon not seen at day 7 of therapy. Amikacin resistance was unstable in vivo, being undetectable in vegetations examined 5 days after treatment with amikacin had been completed. In contrast, ceftazidime resistance (first noted at day 7 of therapy in 12% of vegetations) persisted after termination of treatment with this agent. These in vivo observations on loss of amikacin resistance and persistence of ceftazidime resistance were mirrored during in vitro passage studies of amikacin- or ceftazidime-resistant P. aeruginosa strains isolated from cardiac vegetations. Amikacin resistance was no longer detectable by passage 5 in antibiotic-free media; however, ceftazidime resistance was stable despite 15 such passages. In vivo development of aminoglycoside-beta-lactam resistances was associated with poor bacteriologic efficacy in this model. PMID- 3909955 TI - Microbicidal activity of octenidine hydrochloride, a new alkanediylbis[pyridine] germicidal agent. AB - The potential of octenidine hydrochloride (WIN 41464-2) as a topical microbicide was measured both by in vitro death kinetics and reductions in numbers of bacteria on the skin of cynomolgus monkeys. Semilogarithmic survival curves were plotted to measure the microbicidal activity of various concentrations of octenidine against Staphylococcus aureus. The microbicidal activity of octenidine was also determined for Staphylococcus epidermidis, Proteus mirabilis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens, and Candida albicans. Death rates for the same microbial strains were compared with those obtained by using chlorhexidine gluconate. Octenidine concentrations of less than 1.5 microM (0.94 microgram/ml) caused a greater than 99% reduction of each microbial population within 15 min. Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most susceptible of the test organisms, and E. coli and C. albicans were the least susceptible. Octenidine was more active than chlorhexidine against each test strain. Skin-degerming activities of aqueous and formulated octenidine and formulated chlorhexidine were compared in single and multiple applications of these agents to the hand and foot surfaces of monkeys by using a glove-juice extraction procedure to measure the skin microflora. Aqueous octenidine, at a concentration of 0.2 to 1.6% reduced resident microflora populations from 90 to 99.98%, depending on the concentration and number of applications. Octenidine formulated at 2% in a surfactant-based vehicle exhibited significantly better skin-degerming activity than did either a nonmedicated vehicle or the Hibiclens brand of 4% chlorhexidine gluconate. PMID- 3909956 TI - A randomized prospective study of ceftazidime versus ceftazidime plus flucloxacillin in the empiric treatment of febrile episodes in severely neutropenic patients. AB - In a prospective, randomized study, ceftazidime monotherapy was compared with a combination of ceftazidime and flucloxacillin in 100 febrile neutropenic patients. Thirty-four bacteriologically documented infections, of which 26 were bacteremias, in 51 patients were treated with ceftazidime alone. Thirty-four bacteriologically proven infections, of which 29 were bacteremias, in 49 patients were treated with a combination of ceftazidime and flucloxacillin. The clinical response rate for ceftazidime monotherapy was 80%; the bacteriological cure rate was 90%. Efficacy against gram-negative pathogens appeared to be excellent, achieving a 100% cure rate. The clinical response and bacteriological cure rates for the combination were 76 and 86%, respectively. Three superinfections were registered in the ceftazidime group, and four, involving six pathogens, were registered in the combination group. Other side effects of ceftazidime were minimal. It is concluded that ceftazidime is an effective drug for the empiric treatment of febrile neutropenic patients. It offers the opportunity to avoid the aminoglycosides in first-line treatment. It may be appropriate to combine ceftazidime with cephalothin or vancomycin or to modify therapy if resistant gram positive strains are encountered. PMID- 3909957 TI - Rapid detection of Semliki Forest virus replication in cell culture with peroxidase-labeled monoclonal antibodies: determination of inhibitory concentrations of monoclonal antibodies and ribavirin. PMID- 3909958 TI - Combination therapy of recombinant human alpha 2 interferon and acyclovir in the treatment of herpes simplex keratitis. AB - No statistical difference was found in both partial and complete healing time in acute epithelial herpetic keratitis between the ACV-recombinant human alpha 2 IFN (both "eyedrops" and "eyerods") and Buffy coat human leucocyte alpha IFN. A highly significant difference was found in both partial and complete healing time between the ACV-IFN combination versus the ACV-Placebo combination. The combination of ACV and recombinant human alpha 2 arg IFN is a potent anti herpetic treatment. PMID- 3909960 TI - Research disputed. PMID- 3909959 TI - Influenza vaccination in dialysis and transplant patients. PMID- 3909961 TI - Ultrastructural localization of an extracellular protease in Pseudomonas fragi by using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase reaction. AB - An extracellular protease, which previously has been found to correlate with the appearance of bleblike evaginations on the cell wall of Pseudomonas fragi ATCC 4973, was purified 38-fold by ammonium sulfate precipitation and Sephadex chromatography to yield a single band by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Polyclonal rabbit antiserum raised against the purified enzyme had an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay titer of 4 X 10(7). The peroxidase antiperoxidase method was used to localize the neutral protease in P. fragi at the ultrastructural level. Electron microscopy of cell sections of this organism revealed that high concentrations of positive immunoperoxidase reaction product were located near the cell wall, whereas control sections stained with preimmune or heterologous serum did not show similar deposits to be present. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that blebs appearing on P. fragi contain high concentrations of neutral protease. PMID- 3909962 TI - Protease activation of the entomocidal protoxin of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki. AB - Two isolates of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki were examined which produced different levels of intracellular proteases. Although the crystals from both strains had comparable toxicity, one of the strains, LB1, had a strong polypeptide band at 68,000 molecular weight in the protein from the crystal; in the other, HD251, no such band was evident. When the intracellular proteases in both strains were measured, strain HD251 produced less than 10% of the proteolytic activity found in LB1. These proteases were primarily neutral metalloproteases, although low levels of other proteases were detected. In LB1, the synthesis of protease increased as the cells began to sporulate; however, in HD251, protease activity appeared much later in the sporulation cycle. The protease activity in strain LB1 was very high when the cells were making crystal toxin, whereas in HD251 reduced proteolytic activity was present during crystal toxin synthesis. The insecticidal toxin (molecular weight, 68,000) from both strains could be prepared by cleaving the protoxin (molecular weight, 135,000) with trypsin, followed by ion-exchange chromatography. The procedure described gave quantitative recovery of toxic activity, and approximately half of the total protein was recovered. Calculations show that these results correspond to stoichiometric conversion of protoxin to insecticidal toxin. The toxicities of whole crystals, soluble crystal protein, and purified toxin from both strains were comparable. PMID- 3909963 TI - Antibiotic resistance and population structure in Escherichia coli from free ranging African yellow baboons. AB - Two collections of Escherichia coli from human hosts and one from free-ranging African yellow baboons were examined for the ability to utilize various sugars (biotype) and for resistance to antibiotics. The frequency of antibiotic resistance in the E. coli flora of baboons that feed regularly in village garbage dumps was found to be no greater than that in baboons not associated with human habitation. The frequency of antibiotic resistance in E. coli isolated from baboons is similar to that in E. coli isolated from humans before the widespread use of antibiotics but significantly lower than that in recent isolates from humans. The biotype data indicate that the amount and distribution of genetic variation in the E. coli among free-ranging baboon troops are similar to those in isolates from humans. However, E. coli isolates from baboons are able to utilize a greater variety of sugars as their sole carbon source, possibly because of a greater variety of sugars in the baboon diet. PMID- 3909965 TI - Nonlinear estimation of the parameters of Monod kinetics that best describe mineralization of several substrate concentrations by dissimilar bacterial densities. AB - The kinetics of mineralization of a wide range of concentrations of benzoate, glucose, and benzylamine by Pseudomonas sp., Salmonella typhimurium, and microorganisms in acclimated sewage was studied. The treatment of initial substrate concentration and population density as independent variables in nonlinear regression analysis permitted the estimation of a single value for each of the parameters of Monod kinetics that best described the mineralization of substrate at each concentration by the pure cultures and the sewage microflora. One value for each of the parameters of Monod kinetics was used for each of the three compounds to produce theoretical curves which lay close to the observed data on mineralization. Statistically significant differences existed in the values of the parameters of Monod kinetics that best described mineralization in cultures differing only in initial substrate concentration and cell density. However, for the compounds tested, the variance left by analyses using one value for each parameter of Monod kinetics was less than double the unexplained variance left by individual analyses of the data from each treatment. Although significant, this increase is small compared with the amount of variance that could be explained using only one value for each parameter of Monod kinetics. PMID- 3909966 TI - Occurrence, growth, and suppression of salmonellae in composted sewage sludge. AB - Composted sewage sludge may be used to improve soil quality, but there remains some doubt concerning the microbiological safety of the product. Sewage sludge composts from 30 municipalities were sampled, and four samples (12%) contained salmonellae (two contained fewer than 0.3/g, and the other two had 21/g and 1.7 X 10(4)/g). All 30 composts were inoculated with salmonellae; the populations decreased at a specific death rate of about 0.15 h-1 over 24 h at 36 degrees C. In irradiation-sterilized composts inoculated with salmonellae, the salmonellae grew at a rate of 0.65 doublings per h for over 24 h. Growth and death rates were found to be moisture and flora associated. The growth or death rates for antibiotic-resistant salmonellae were not different from those of nonresistant strains. It was concluded that the active indigenous flora of compost establishes a homeostatic barrier to colonization by salmonellae, and in the absence of competing flora, reinoculated salmonellae may grow to potentially hazardous densities. The active microflora of moist composts eliminated contaminating salmonellae (10(5)/g) after 6 weeks. PMID- 3909964 TI - Germination of spores from Clostridium botulinum B-aphis and Ba410. AB - The germination of spores from Clostridium botulinum B-aphis and Ba410 was examined. In a complex medium, heat activation of spores from both strains doubled the germination rates and was required for germination in the presence of 2% NaCl. In a defined medium (CTB [D. B. Rowley and F. Feeherry, J. Bacteriol. 104:1151-1157, 1970]), the parent strain B-aphis germinated at a rate of 0.77% min-1 in the absence of NaCl and was not affected by 2% NaCl. A salt-tolerant derivative, strain Ba410, germinated at rates of 0.16% min-1 in CTB and 0.04% min 1 in CTB containing 2% NaCl. L-Alanine-triggered spores germinated faster than did L-cysteine-triggered spores from both strains. When both amino acids were present, B-aphis germinated rapidly in the absence of NaCl and had biphasic kinetics in the presence of NaCl. Strain Ba410 had biphasic kinetics in the absence of NaCl and germinated slowly with single-phase kinetics in the presence of NaCl. L-Alanine- and L-cysteine-triggered germinations were each inhibited by both D-alanine and D-cysteine, indicating a common germinant-binding site for both alanine and cysteine. Attempts to select for variants with amino acid specific germinant-binding sites were unsuccessful. Differences in the germination kinetics of both strains could not be explained by ultrastructural differences. Transmission electron micrographs revealed striking similarities between the strains. PMID- 3909967 TI - Butanediol production from cellulose and hemicellulose by Klebsiella pneumoniae grown in sequential coculture with Trichoderma harzianum. AB - The bioconversion of cellulose and hemicellulose substrates to 2,3-butanediol by a sequential coculture approach was investigated with the cellulolytic fungus Trichoderma harzianum E58 and the fermentative bacterium Klebsiella pneumoniae. Vogel medium optimal for the production of the cellulolytic and xylanolytic enzymes of the fungus was found to be inhibitory to butanediol fermentation. This inhibition appeared to be due to a synergistic effect of various ingredients, particularly the salts, present in the fungal medium. The removal or replacement of such ingredients from Vogel medium led to the relief of fermentation inhibition, but the treatments also resulted in a significant decrease in fungal enzyme production. Resting cells of K. pneumoniae could be used for butanediol production in the fungal medium, indicating that the inhibitory effect on solvent production under such conditions was due to the indirect result of growth inhibition of the bacterial cells. The resting-cell approach could be combined with a fed-batch system for the direct conversion of 8 to 10% (wt/vol) of Solka Floc or aspenwood xylan to butanediol at over 30% of the theoretical conversion efficiencies. PMID- 3909968 TI - Pyridine nucleotide transhydrogenations in yeast. AB - Though previously described as very low or absent in yeast, we find significant pyridine nucleotide transhydrogenation (NADPH + acetyl pyridine-NAD+----NADP+ + acetyl pyridine-NADH) activity in yeast extracts when assayed at pH 8-9, and describe here the subcellular distribution and separation of the various molecular forms contributing to the total activity in two yeast species. Gentle subcellular fractionation reveals transhydrogenase activity only in the cytosolic fraction of both Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida utilis while intact mitochondria and microsomes are without activity. On sucrose gradient centrifugation, this soluble cytosolic activity proves to be primarily in a high molecular-weight (greater than 10(6)) band which has salmon-colored fluorescence on uv illumination. Sonication of the particulate subcellular fractions solubilizes substantial transhydrogenase activity from mitochondria of C. utilis (but not from S. cerevisiae) which on sucrose gradients consists of both high (greater than 10(6))- and low-molecular-weight active fractions, each with yellow green fluorescence. Ammonium sulfate fractionation and sucrose gradient centrifugation of protein solubilized from whole yeast of both species by vigorous homogenization with glass beads confirms the presence and fluorescence of these various molecular weight forms. The relationship of these activities to other enzymatic activities (especially the mitochondrial external NADH dehydrogenase) is discussed. PMID- 3909969 TI - The rate of formation of surface membrane ether lipids in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells: kinetic considerations. AB - A previous investigation has shown that O-alkyl phospholipids are present in the surface membrane of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. In the present investigation it was shown that 90% or more of [1-3H]hexadecanol injected intraperitoneally into mice bearing Ehrlich ascites tumors is taken up by the neoplastic cells in less than 15 min. Near maximum formation of surface membrane O-alkyl phospholipids requires approximately 8 h. The rate of accumulation of O-alkyl phospholipids is very similar both for the whole cell and for the surface membrane. Further examination of the data revealed that the conversion of hexadecanol into O-alkyl glycerophospholipids can be described by a simple model in which O-alkyl lipids appear at a single rate constant of 0.25 to 0.35 per hour and disappear at a rate of 0.02 per hour or less. These rate constants were obtained initially by stochastic analysis and validated both by deterministic methods and by compartmental analysis using the SAAM computer program. The method of kinetic analysis described may find broader application in providing comparative rate constants for the in vivo turnover of O-alkyl lipids in both normal and neoplastic tissues. The advantage of a stochastic approach is that kinetic data may be obtained with fewer assumptions relating to pool structure or specific models. PMID- 3909970 TI - A comparison between the results of simple mastectomy and tumorectomy for breast cancer: the problem of local recurrence. AB - Between 1963 and 1981, 1139 patients had surgery for unilateral breast cancer at the Charlottenburg Gynaecological Clinic of the Free University Berlin. A total of 948 patients had a simple mastectomy and 191 patients had an extended tumorectomy (or lumpectomy) with subsequent radiotherapy (40 Gy). Retrospective analysis of "matched cases" treated by tumorectomy or mastectomy showed the rate of local recurrence after tumorectomy to be nearly double that after simple mastectomy (8.7% after tumorectomy, 4.7% after mastectomy). Life expectancy with a local recurrence after conservative surgery, was however, better than that after simple mastectomy. PMID- 3909971 TI - [Leydig cell tumors. Report of 2 cases]. PMID- 3909972 TI - Synovial fluid cells in Reiter's syndrome. AB - Synovial fluid cells in Reiter's syndrome were studied by cell subset specific monoclonal antibodies and avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex staining. Mean leucocyte count was 9842/mm3 (9.842 X 10(9)/l), and 71% of all cells were polymorphonuclear leucocytes. 26 +/- 11 (SEM)% and 47 +/- 5% of all mononuclear cells in synovial fluid were M1+ monocytes and Ia+ cells, respectively. T11+ T lymphocyte was the predominant synovial fluid mononuclear cell (61 +/- 8%) but, in contrast to the inflammatory joint effusions in rheumatoid arthritis, T4+ cells clearly outnumbered T8+ cells in Reiter's syndrome. Thus the synovial fluid in Reiter's syndrome contains the immunocompetent and accessory cells required for immune response, which in fact is activated as suggested by lymphocyte Ia expression. Furthermore, in contrast with rheumatoid arthritis inducer/helper cells with T4 phenotype seem to be involved preferentially in the local pathogenetic mechanisms in Reiter's syndrome. PMID- 3909973 TI - [Peripheral nerve repair: value of biological glues and epiperineural suture in late interventions. Experimental study in rats]. AB - In order to approximate as close as possible genuine clinical conditions, the sciatic nerve of the rat was divided and then repaired after a delay of one or seven days either by application of a biological glue or by an epiperineural suture technique. The metabolic activity of the sciatic nerve Schwann cells - whether located in the distal or the proximal ends - and that of the (fast acting) white gastrocnemius and (slow acting) red soleus muscle were assessed using 32P-radiolabeled acid-soluble phosphates. Delayed repair, as judged by our biochemical criteria, was equivalent whatever method, biological glue or suture, was used. The frozen and lyophilized forms of the biological glue provided similar results. PMID- 3909974 TI - The potential role of Leishmania antigens and immunoglobulins in the pathogenesis of glomerular lesions of hamsters infected with Leishmania donovani. PMID- 3909975 TI - [Possible biological effects and dangers of ultrasonics in perinatal medicine]. PMID- 3909976 TI - [Acute cholecystitis disclosing A virus hepatitis]. AB - Three children presenting with HAV hepatitis had an initial clinical onset suggestive of acute cholecystitis (pain and guarding in the right hypochondrium, fever and delayed jaundice) associated with important ultrasonographic abnormalities, also very suggestive of acute cholecystitis: bladder wall thickness greater than 10 mm (3 cases), the presence of 2 or 3 layers of different echogenicities (3 cases), presence of an ultrasonographic Murphy's sign (one case), contents of the gallbladder echogenic (one case). The authors discuss the hypothesis of an actual initial acute cholecystitis. PMID- 3909977 TI - [Preventive treatment of jaundice in premature newborn infants with clofibrate. Double-blind controlled therapeutic trial]. AB - A double blind therapeutic trial of ethyl clofibrate as a preventive treatment of hyperbilirubinemia in preterm neonates was performed in neonates of gestational ages ranging between 31 and 36 weeks. Forty-six children were given the treatment and 43 a placebo. A single 100 mg/kg dose of ethyl clofibrate was administered orally, between the 24th and the 48th hour of life. Significant results in the treated neonates are as follows: a lesser intensity of jaundice from the 48th hour of treatment; a lesser need for repeated bilirubinemia assay for the control of evolution and a lesser use of phototherapy if the serum concentration of clofibric acid is above or equal to the 140 micrograms therapeutic level before the 24th hour of treatment. The analysis of results also shows that the therapeutic clofibric acid serum level is reduced in 66% of neonates of relatively high gestational ages (34-36 weeks) and in 33% only of neonates of lower gestational ages (31-33 weeks). This study, added to the previous therapeutic trial performed in at term neonates, shows the efficacy of clofibrate in the preventive treatment of hyperbilirubinemia in preterm neonates. Further studies will allow to define the exact dosage according to gestational age. PMID- 3909978 TI - [Supraventricular tachycardia and fetal edema. Apropos of 2 cases]. AB - Two cases of supraventricular tachycardia responsible for hydrops fetalis emphasize the interest of an antenatal echocardiography. The systematic use of this technique will increase the frequency of diagnosis of this etiology in other cases where the prognosis is less favorable. The in utero treatment of this rhythmic disorder consists in administering Digoxin to the mother and the newborn child must receive excellent care from the moment of the birth. PMID- 3909979 TI - [What is the prognosis of premature infants? II. Outcome up to school age (1)]. PMID- 3909980 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of prednisone after oral administration in children with renal grafts. Changes induced by phenobarbital and renal insufficiency]. AB - A study of blood and urinary clearance of prednisone after ingestion of a 25 mg/m2 body surface test-dose, at 8 AM, was undertaken in 20 children treated for 18 months with prednisone after renal transplant. Results show important variability between patients: the elimination half life was 2.70 +/- 0.78 hr.; Tmax time to reach Cmax was 2.10 +/- 1.08 hr.; Maximal concentration (Cmax) was 474 +/- 153 ng/ml. With respect to the dose of steroid administered, the urinary excretion of corticosteroids: 17-hydroxycorticosteroids was 12.9 +/- 7.4% and that of unchanged prednisolone 2.8 +/- 3.1%. This level was essentially achieved in the 6 first hours: 55.4 +/- 16.2% for 17-OH steroids and 87.2 +/- 14.3% for prednisolone. Two points emerge from this study: (a) Renal failure slows urinary excretion of prednisone and its metabolites, making a reduction in the doses of corticosteroids necessary at certain doses. (b) The association prednisone phenobarbital changes the blood kinetics (excretion is faster) without a clear change in 17-OH steroid and prednisolone urinary excretion. It is associated with a decrease in graft tolerance. The kinetic changes do not seem to be the only factors implicated in the decreased therapeutic response. PMID- 3909982 TI - Cancer and aging. AB - In the experiments with various carcinogenic agents (chemical, radiation, hormonal) it was established that in aging sensitivity of different tissues to initiating action of carcinogens changes unequally. It could be attributed both to peculiarities of an agent (of indirect or direct action and others) and to age related changes in the activity of DNA-repair systems and proliferative activity of target tissues. It appeared that old age, as a rule, facilitated transplantability and growth rate of various grafted tumors. There has been suggested a model according to which age-related increase of tumor incidence results from total action on the organism of stochastic (independant of age, environmental carcinogenic factors) and non-stochastic internal factors, developing with age in the organism. Stochastic constituent is determined by the effective dose of a carcinogen and could be constant in any age. Accumulation of such a dose adds to the increase of cancer incidence with age. Nonstochastic constituent reflects the rate of age-related changes of the factors, determining the effective dose of a carcinogen and sensitivity of a target-tissue to its action (activity of carcinogen-metabolizing enzymes, DNA-repair, proliferative activity of the tissue in the moment of action) and factors of promotion and progression of carcinogenesis (immunity and hormono-metabolic status). The value of this parameter is different for every tissue. With regard to this model, organization of primary prevention of cancer should provide alongside with measures aimed at prevention of environmental carcinogenic action on the organism, those, inhibiting age-related shifts in the organism, which facilitate cancer development. PMID- 3909981 TI - [Chemical carcinogenesis]. AB - Proceeding from a goal proclaimed by the WHO to reduce the cancer mortality in the European region in persons not older than 65 years up to the year 2000 at least by 15%, necessary activities, concerning chemical carcinogens are discussed. Determinants of cancer risk including the main categories of chemical carcinogens are described. Special attention is called to the inhibitors of initiating processes and of promotors and antipromotors. To reduce the cancer risk substantially by elimination or reduction of individual carcinogens or risk factors only it is not to be expected. Consequently more complex activities in cancer prevention seem to be necessary concerning carcinogens, anticarcinogens, promotors and antipromotors. PMID- 3909983 TI - Distribution of serotonin nerve cells in the rabbit brain--immunohistochemistry by the two-step ABC technique using biotin-labeled rabbit serotonin-antibody. AB - The distribution of serotonin neuronal somata in the brain of the rabbit was demonstrated by use of immunoperoxidase technique. The serotonin antibody obtained from a rabbit was applied with the two-step ABC (avidin-biotin peroxidase complex) method after biotinylation of this antibody. The location, shape, size and immunoreactivity of these somata were clarified in our permanent preparations without non-specific and background staining. These perikarya were distributed in the raphe nuclei, linear nuclei and interpeduncular nucleus, within and around the medial lemniscus, in the mesencephalic periaqueductal grey lateral to the raphe dorsalis, and in the reticular formation of the brain stem. However the so-called "masked indolamine cells" were not observed in the hypothalamus or the area postrema, as our experimental animals were not given any pharmacological pretreatment. These results were essentially similar to those from other mammalian species, especially the rat. PMID- 3909984 TI - Microvasculature of the principal islets in the scorpion fish, Myoxocephalus scorpius. AB - Since precise information with respect to the microvasculature of the teleost pancreas is lacking, analysis of the so-called principal islets (Brockmann bodies) was performed in Myoxocephalus scorpius with the use of methacrylate resin for the production of cast preparations. Stereoanalytical observations indicate that the circulatory pattern in the juxtasplenic pancreatic islets depends on nutritive and functional factors. Corkscrew-like arteries end in capillaries, and back flow is directed via sinuses into efferent vessels displaying nodular and valve-like structures. PMID- 3909985 TI - Astrocytal changes in the white matter of Jimpy mice: immunohistochemistry using antisera to glial fibrillary acidic protein. AB - Immunohistochemistry using antisera to glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was performed to observe astrocytal changes in the white matter of myelin-deficient Jimpy mice. In wild-type controls, astrocytes stained with the GFAP immunoreaction appeared in the cerebellar medulla by postnatal day 3 and in the corpus callosum by postnatal day 6. The immunoreactivity gradually intensified with age to reach a peak of the GFAP level around postnatal day 12. With the progress of myelinogenesis, GFAP positive astrocytes decreased in number and became sparse in the white matter. On the other hand, the white matter of Jimpy mutant mice revealed intensified GFAP immunoreactivity, corresponding to a numerical increase in astrocytes and an enlargement of their cytoplasm. This condition continued from postnatal day 12 up to the end of life. Such astrocytes made up a dense framework with thickened processes in the non-myelinated white matter, where oligodendrocytes were few. Under the electron microscope, an accumulation of gliofilaments and glycogen particles was apparent in the enriched astrocytal cytoplasm. Immunostaining was observed not only on gliofilament bundles but also rough endoplasmic reticulum and cytoplasmic matrix. The present results demonstrate that astrocytal hypertrophy and hyperplasia occur in the entire white matter of Jimpy mice. PMID- 3909986 TI - Cerebellar Purkinje cell-specific protein-like immunoreactivity in noradrenaline chromaffin cells and ganglion cells but not in adrenaline-chromaffin cells in the rat adrenal medulla. AB - By means of immunohistochemistry combined with fluorescence microscopy, a cerebellar Purkinje cell-specific protein, also named spot 35 protein, was found to occur in all noradrenaline-chromaffin cells and some ganglion cells of the rat adrenal medulla. The immunoreactivity was localized in the chromaffin granules as well as the cytoplasmic matrix. The nucleus as well as the interior of the membranous organelles, were free of immunoreaction. No immunoreactivity was found in most of the intra-adrenal nerve fibers except for a few nerve fibers derived from the immunoreactive ganglion cells. Neither Schwann, satellite cells nor cortical cells were immunoreactive. It is suggested that some intracellular phenomenon possibly relating to the regulation of intracellular Ca-ion concentration is common to noradrenaline-chromaffin cells, medullary ganglion cells and cerebellar Purkinje cells. PMID- 3909987 TI - Protein A gold-silver staining method for light microscopic immunohistochemistry. AB - A new sensitive method has been established for light microscopic immunohistochemistry. It involves a protein A gold technique instead of immunoglobulin-gold method, followed by an improved procedure of physical development. In this procedure, two selected reagents were employed: bromohydroquinone, a more potent developing agent than hydroquinone, and specifically purified gum arabic solution. The results obtained by this method in the pancreatic islet tissues of the rat under a variety of histochemical control conditions have substantiated both the high specificity and fidelity of this method. PMID- 3909988 TI - The influence of thymosin (TEX) on antigen-induced primary and secondary antibody responses of mice. AB - Thymosin (TFX) administered in mice does not alter their primary IgM humoral responses, while it significantly increases the number of IgG plaque-forming cells and IgM PFC during the secondary response. In the thymectomized mice, thymosin partially restores primary and secondary IgM responses, but IgM production remains low. PMID- 3909989 TI - Antifungal properties of 1,2-dihydro-3-methylpyrido-(3,2-e)-as-triazine dihydrochloride (I-476). AB - Antifungal activity of compound I-476 (1,2-dihydro-3-methylpyrido[3,2-e]as triazine dihydrochloride) was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Minimal concentration inhibiting the growth of pathogenetic and saprophytic fungi in vitro ranged from 3.1 to 25 micrograms/ml. The in vivo experiments were performed in a model of experimental candidiasis in Balb/c mice. Antifungal activity of I 476 was measured by the survival time of the animals and the number of living Candida albicans cells in the kidney and spleen of the animals infected and then treated with the compound in question. A single intraperitoneal dose of I-476 markedly prolonged the survival time of mice with experimental candidiasis. The compound administered for 5 subsequent days, diminished the number of Candida albicans cells in the kidney and spleen or caused their complete elimination from these organs. PMID- 3909990 TI - Proteolytic and beta-glucuronidase activity in adjuvant arthritis during the ibuprofen therapy. AB - Antiinflammatory effect of ibuprofen was studied in the model of adjuvant arthritis in rats. Its effectiveness was evaluated on the basis of morphological and biochemical indices. The values of proteolytic and beta-glucuronidase activity in the blood serum were shown to correlate well with clinical exacerbation of adjuvant disease. Both enzymes, especially the beta-glucuronidase activity appeared to be the indices of particular value. PMID- 3909991 TI - Transfusions of syngeneic blood do not seem to induce suppressive effect on antitumor or transplantation immunity in mice. AB - There was no prolongation of allogeneic heart survival or acceleration of tumor development in mice pretransfused with syngeneic blood. Analogous transfusion of donor-specific (allogeneic) blood, without additional immunosuppression, resulted in prolongation of allogeneic heart survival. These results argue against participation of some immunologically unspecific mechanisms in immunosuppressive effect of blood transfusion on transplantation immunity in this model. PMID- 3909992 TI - Specificity of anti-T cell antibodies from BCG infected mice. AB - BCG infected mice were found to produce anti-T cell cytotoxic autoantibodies (CAA)6. Absorption studies with intact or desialyzed thymocytes and splenic T cells showed that CAA consisted of two kinds of antibody with different target cell specificities, one (CAA-2) able to recognize determinants on desialyzed T cells, and another (CAA-1) able to bind to both intact and desialyzed thymocytes. Normal thymocytes did not remove the antibodies specific to desialyzed lymphocytes. These two antibodies were separated by affinity chromatography on agarose. Cytotoxicity inhibition, using various sugars as inhibitors, indicated that lactose and lactosamine were potent inhibitors of CAA-2. In contrast CAA-1 was not inhibited by any of the sugars tested. Functional experiments revealed that CAA-2 inhibited the secondary anti-SRBC IgG antibody response without effecting the IgM response. The anti-SRBC antibody production (both IgM and IgG) was not affected by CAA-1. The possible interference of these antibodies with carbohydrate specific cell interactions are discussed. PMID- 3909993 TI - Immunoglobulin synthesis by lymphocytes of eight immuno-deficient children. AB - The group of patients consisted of 4 pairs of male siblings with the family history suggesting X-linked immunodeficiency. The concentration of serum immunoglobulins (Ig) and the titer of anti-E. coli and anti-Candida albicans antibodies was extremely low in comparison to the control group. Only 2 siblings showed normal number of lymphocytes with surface Ig. Four out of 8 children had the increased number of Fc-IgG bearing T cells. Blast transformation of lymphocytes revealed the decreased response to PHA and Con A in 2 children. Cellular immunoglobulin (cIg) synthesis of in vitro stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) was decreased in all 8 children. Prednisolone, when added to the PBL cultures, increased cIg synthesis in 2 children. Thymosin (TFX) caused an enhancement of cIg production by lymphocytes of 4 children. Cowan I--elicited stimulation of PBL was low in all but 2 children. Our data further support the view on the heterogeneity of etiopathogenesis of hypogammaglobulinemia. PMID- 3909995 TI - [Asthmatic children and swimming training. 3. Comparison of NCF and FEV1.0 changes]. PMID- 3909994 TI - Composite grafts of demineralized compact bone and marrow under systemic biosynthetic growth hormone treatment. AB - The influence of systemic treatment with biosynthetic human growth hormone on bone formation was studied, comparing rabbit radial bone defects grafted with demineralized autologous bone with contrallateral defects grafted with a composite including bone marrow. At 14 and 28 days after operation the bone forming process was evaluated by roentgenography (planimetry included), and by scintigraphy after injection of 99mTc-labeled dicarboxypropane diphosphonate. At 28 days autoradiography was also performed. The roentgenographic and scintigraphic examinations revealed no difference between the grafted sides at either 14 or 28 days postoperatively. The elimination, after 14 days' growth hormone treatment, of a previously found difference between the marrow- and the nonmarrow-grafted sides might be an indication of accelerated osteogenesis at the beginning of the healing process. PMID- 3909996 TI - [Evaluation of bronchial hyperresponsiveness in asthmatic children measuring by methacholine inhalation challenge]. PMID- 3909997 TI - Relationship between insulin response to intravenous glucose and plasma lipoproteins in healthy men. AB - In order to evaluate the influence of serum insulin levels on serum lipoprotein composition, 62 randomly selected healthy males were studied. All of them had a normal glucose tolerance. The Insulin Response to a bolus of intravenous glucose (0.50 g/kg) was significantly correlated with VLDL-Triglyceride (p less than 0.01), VLDL-Cholesterol (p less than 0.01) and with the "Atherogenic Index" (Formula: see text) (p less than 0.01). Moreover, stratifing the all population in quartiles according to the Insulin Response distribution, the highest quartile had a significant increase in Total and VLDL-Cholesterol levels (p less than 0.02), as well as in Total (p less than 0.02), VLDL (p less than 0.02) and LDL (p less than 0.01) Triglyceride, in comparison with the lowest quartile. The Atherogenic Index was also significantly elevated in the high Insulin Response group (p less than 0.005). The influence of serum insulin on lipoprotein metabolism was also evaluated by a stepwise multiple regression analysis. Body weight, Insulin Response and Exogenous Triglyceride removal were independently correlated with VLDL-Triglyceride concentration (r = 0.58, p less than 0.001). VLDL cholesterol concentration and fasting serum insulin levels were inversely correlated with HDL-Cholesterol (r = 0.49, p less than 0.001). In conclusion, in absence of any metabolic derangement, high insulin levels are associated with multiple lipoprotein abnormalities. Insulin might act as a risk factor for arterial disease through its influence on serum lipoproteins. PMID- 3909998 TI - Effects of insulin on hypercholesterolemia in the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats fed a high cholesterol diet. AB - The effect of dietary cholesterol (Ch) on plasma lipoprotein and apolipoproteins (apo) in diabetic rats was investigated. Ch-fed diabetic rats were severely hypercholesterolemic and hypertriglyceridemic. They had higher concentrations of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL). Concentration of high density lipoprotein (HDL) was decreased. beta-VLDL increased predominantly in Ch-fed diabetic rats, whereas IDL increased in the Ch and propylthiouracil-fed control rats. According to sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, VLDL and IDL from Ch fed diabetic rats were unusual in that they contained more apo E, A-I and A-IV. Concentrations of plasma apo A-I and apo E were measured by radioimmunoassay. The diabetic rats fed a labo chow showed a significantly lower concentration of plasma apo E than control rats. Plasma apo E was extremely higher in the diabetic rats fed a cholesterol diet. Plasma apo A-I was significantly increased in the diabetic rats fed a labo chow and those fed a cholesterol. Insulin treatment significantly decreased the concentrations of VLDL, IDL and LDL and plasma concentration and distribution of apolipoproteins in lipoprotein subfractions changed toward normal. However, decreased HDL in the Ch-fed diabetic rats was not recovered by insulin treatment. PMID- 3910000 TI - [Digital subtraction angiography in the demonstration of arterial lesions associated with infective endocarditis]. PMID- 3909999 TI - [Transvenous endomyocardial biopsy of the right ventricle. 6-year experience. Critical analysis of the technic used]. PMID- 3910001 TI - [Verapamil in the hypertensive crisis]. PMID- 3910002 TI - [Digitalis: interesting notes after 200 years of use]. PMID- 3910003 TI - [New tactical maneuver for hemostasis of parenchymal organs]. AB - The authors report a new surgical procedure destined to realize the hemostasis suture of parenchymatous organs, mainly spleen and liver. The suture is done with needle and absorbable suture material appropriate for the lesion and small hemostatic gere plates. The main qualities of these procedure are the passage of the suture wire in the easiest direction for the surgeon and the confection of these manoeuvre out of abdominal cavity. This procedure was applicated, until now, in nine cases with fully success. PMID- 3910004 TI - [Exercises in clinical reasoning]. PMID- 3910005 TI - Artificial heart and assist devices: directions, needs, costs, societal and ethical issues. AB - A Working Group appointed by the Director of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHBLI) has reviewed the current status of mechanical circulatory support systems (MCSS), and has examined the potential need for such devices, their cost, and certain societal and ethical issues related to their use. The media have reported the limited clinical investigative use of pneumatically energized total artificial hearts (which actually replace the patient's heart) and left ventricular assist devices (which support or replace the function of the left ventricle by pumping blood from the left heart to the aorta with the patient's heart in place). However, electrically energized systems, which will allow full implantation, permit relatively normal everyday activity, and involve battery exchange or recharge two or three times a day, are currently approaching long-term validation in animals prior to clinical testing. Such long-term left ventricular assist devices have been the primary goal of the NHLBI targeted artificial heart program. Although the ventricular assist device is regarded as an important step in the sequence of MCSS development, the Working Group believes that a fully implantable, long-term, total artificial heart will be a clinical necessity and recommends that the mission of the targeted program include the development of such systems. Past estimates of the potential usage of artificial hearts have been reviewed in the context of advances in medical care and in the prevention of cardiovascular disease. In addition, a retrospective analysis of needs was carried out within a defined population. The resulting projection of 17,000-35,000 cases annually, in patients below age 70, falls within the general range of earlier estimates, but is highly sensitive to many variables. In the absence of an actual base of data and experience with MCSS, projection of costs and prognoses was carried out using explicit sets of assumptions. The total cost of a left ventricular assist device, its implantation and maintenance for a projected average of 4 1/2 years of survival might be approximately $150,000 (in 1983 dollars). The gross annual cost to society could fall in the range of $2.5 $5 billion. Ethical issues associated with use of the artificial heart are not unique. For individual patients these relate primarily to risk-benefit, informed consent, patient selection, and privacy. However, for society as a whole, the larger concern relates to the distribution of national resources.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3910006 TI - Canine islets in an ultrafiltered environment. AB - Molecular sieve membranes can protect pancreatic islets against immune recognition in diabetic patients treated by endocrine tissue replacement. These biocompatible membranes permit the passage of small peptides such as insulin, and preclude the diffusion of immunoglobulins and immunogenic molecules. However, the tissue must function indefinitely in an ultrafiltered environment determined by the sequestering membranes. The chronic perifusion of canine islet tissue was compared in ultrafiltered and microfiltered chambers. The biphasic pattern of insulin release by similar numbers of islets from the same pancrease preparation was not significantly different when tissue was cultured in a micro- or an ultrafiltered environment. The cumulative insulin output of the two systems was quite similar over 3 days of culture. Canine islet tissue can be sustained in an ultrafiltered environment with maintenance of insulin release to glucose stimulation, which is quantitatively similar to islet tissue maintained in chronic perifusion without ultrafiltration. PMID- 3910007 TI - Regulation of functional mRNA levels for trypsin-like esteroproteases by 5 alpha dihydrotestosterone and triiodothyronine in mouse submandibular salivary gland. AB - The effects of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone and triiodothyronine on the levels of mRNA for trypsin-like esteroproteases in the submandibular glands of young female mice were examined using a translation system in a reticulocyte lysate. Immunoprecipitation of the trypsin-like esteroproteases synthesized in vitro gave almost the same isozyme profile as that of enzymes synthesized in vivo on isoelectric focusing in acrylamide gel containing 8 M urea. Although 5 alpha dihydrotestosterone and triiodothyronine induced the enzyme activity 3-5 times, these hormones increased their functional mRNA levels only 45-70 per cent. These results suggest that there is little if any post-translational processing of esteroproteases and that hormones increase both the amount of mRNA and the efficacy of its translation. PMID- 3910008 TI - Duplication of ileum in fetus: a case report. PMID- 3910009 TI - Sporadic ovulation in a case of resistant ovary syndrome. PMID- 3910010 TI - Changes in LHRH in human maternal plasma during pregnancy. PMID- 3910011 TI - Immunochemical detection of fecal occult blood. PMID- 3910012 TI - Treatment of refractory ascites in patients with liver disease. AB - In conclusion, an understanding of the pathophysiology of ascitic fluid formation and clearance in patients with liver disease has resulted in the development of new approaches to the treatment of refractory ascites. Although these techniques have been very successful in controlling ascites they have been associated with a number of complications which can contribute to both short and long term morbidity and mortality. An approach to the individual patient must be based on detailed evaluation of the associated liver disease, its potential reversibility, and documentation that the ascites is truly refractory. If ascites reaccumulates rapidly following ultrafiltration and reinfusion of ascitic fluid then careful consideration may be given to insertion of a peritoneovenous shunt. Careful pre- and postoperative monitoring is necessary if significant complications are to be avoided. PMID- 3910013 TI - Patterns of food intake in childhood and adolescence and risk of later disease or "the awful food kids eat nowadays must be bad for them". PMID- 3910014 TI - Speculations on the pathogenesis of granuloma annulare. PMID- 3910015 TI - Bacteriuria in pregnancy. AB - In a racially mixed community in Gisborne, New Zealand, the prevalence of asymptomatic (covert) bacteriuria of pregnancy was 9.6%. The prevalence in Maori women was 17.1% and in non-Maori women 4.7%. There was a higher prevalence of bacteriuria in the younger women. Escherichia coli was the infecting organism in 58 of the 72 women with bacteriuria. Twenty-five (44%) of the E. coli were resistant to ampicillin and amoxycillin. Fifty-eight (81%) of the women with bacteriuria also had pyuria. In 37 of the 44 women (84%) who received antimicrobial therapy, the infection was cured. Single dose therapy was just as effective as a course of treatment. In 14 of the 28 untreated women, the infection cleared spontaneously. Four of the 28 (14%) patients in the untreated bacteriuric group developed acute pyelonephritis. More patients with bacteriuria had anaemia and a low fetal birth-weight. PMID- 3910016 TI - Ultrasound-guided puncture for gynaecological and pelvic lesions. AB - A series of 34 patients who underwent a total of 37 ultrasound-guided cyst punctures and fine needle biopsies for diagnosis and treatment of pelvic lesions are reported. In all but 1 patient the lesion visualized was entered and cytological diagnosis was achieved, although 1 patient required a second attempt under general anaesthesia. Seven cysts were endometriotic; these and all the remaining cysts were benign and only 4 patients developed a recurrence of the cyst following puncture. No patient in whom the ultrasound appearance suggested a benign cyst was found to have an ovarian malignancy. Three patients with malignant lesions had a total of 4 punctures or biopsies and a final patient had a fine needle biopsy of an ovary to exclude malignancy. PMID- 3910017 TI - Psychiatric sequelae of manganese exposure in the adult, foetal and neonatal nervous systems. AB - It is important for psychiatrists to recognise that vulnerability to the trace element manganese is different in the adult, foetal and neonatal nervous systems, and that different syndromes may result from exposure. PMID- 3910018 TI - Psychological aspects of irritable bowel syndrome. AB - The literature on psychological aspects of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is reviewed. Psychiatric and/or psychometric assessment of IBS samples has consistently revealed a high prevalence of psychological symptoms by comparison with non-psychiatric patient and healthy control groups. Various psychological factors have been implicated in the aetiology of IBS and in the decision to seek medical help, including psychoneurotic personality traits, abnormal illness behaviour and life event stress. Controlled studies of psychological intervention for IBS, while scarce, suggest that supportive psychotherapy and hypnotherapy may be helpful. The long-term efficacy of such treatments remains to be demonstrated. PMID- 3910019 TI - Whose hysteria: Briquet's, Janet's or Freud's? AB - Somatisation disorder (Briquet's syndrome) is a recent addition to psychiatric nosology. It represents an attempt to describe a syndrome of 'hysteria', the term initially applied to this polysymptomatic disorder by Guze and his colleagues. The manner of identification of this syndrome, however, has been the subject of criticism. This brief review suggests that the ideas of Janet, who worked at Salpetriere 30 to 40 years after Briquet, may provide a more precise approach to diagnosis. Furthermore, his hypotheses about predisposition to this disorder are seen to offer a preliminary way towards its understanding. Recent experimental evidence lends some support to Janet's hypotheses. PMID- 3910020 TI - Self-control of psychophysiologic response to motion stress: using biofeedback to treat airsickness. AB - Investigators of the Neuropsychiatry Branch, Clinical Sciences Division, U.S. Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine (USAFSAM), provided biofeedback-moderated behavioral treatment to 53 fliers grounded for chronic, severe motion sickness, and followed each flier for 2 years after treatment completion. Success was defined as returning to and maintaining satisfactory operational flying status. Of these, 42 fliers (79%) met this criterion; 3 (6%) were partially successful, and 8 (15%) were subsequently grounded for recurrent airsickness. Follow-on studies will investigate psychophysiological mechanisms through which this method of treatment works. PMID- 3910021 TI - Failure of strange females to cause pregnancy block in collared lemmings, Dicrostonyx groenlandicus. AB - The effects of exposure to unfamiliar females on pregnancy success of recently mated females were examined in collared lemmings (Dicrostonyx groenlandicus). Four days after mating, females in their home cage were exposed to strange, female intruders that were either nonpregnant or 16 days pregnant. Other recently mated females were introduced to the home cage of 16-day-pregnant females. Pregnancy success of the recently mated females was not reduced in any of these treatments. In the paired encounters, there was no relationship between dominance status and pregnancy status, nor between dominance and pregnancy success. These results do not support the hypothesis that in species in which females are aggressive and readily commit infanticide, unfamiliar females should cause other females to terminate early-stage pregnancies. PMID- 3910022 TI - Purification and molecular characterization of alcohol dehydrogenase from Drosophila hydei: conservation in the biochemical features of the enzyme in several species of Drosophila. AB - Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) has been purified from Drosophila hydei. Biochemical investigations show that the native enzyme is a dimer consisting of two identical subunits with molecular weight 27,000. The pH optimum values of pure enzyme preparations are 7.9 and 9.4. The pI values are 8.83 and 8.41. Substrate specificities have been characterized. Km(app) values are lowest for propan-2-ol and butan-2-ol and Vmax(app) values are highest for these two substrates. The amino acid composition has been determined. Peptide mapping experiments performed after trypsin digestion of the enzyme allow the identification of 24 peptides. Peptides comprising 64% of the amino acid residues have also been purified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and their N-terminal residues and amino acid composition determined. Results are compared with the amino acid sequence of ADH from D. melanogaster Adhs [Thatcher, D. R. (1980). Biochem. J. 187:875]. When data on the biochemical and structural characterization of ADH from D. hydei are compared with data from other species of Drosophila, clear homologies are observed. PMID- 3910024 TI - Linkage of loci encoding a kidney endothelial antigen and fumarate hydratase (Fh 1) in the rat. AB - In the rat a single locus, provisionally designated Eag-1, controls the expression of an antigen present on the endothelium of kidney peritubular capillaries and veins. We have examined the linkage relationship between Eag-1 and 10 polymorphic loci including hemoglobin b, fumarate hydratase, peptidase-3, urinary pepsinogen, seminal vesicle protein, glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, esterase-1, esterase-6, pinkeye, and hooded. Tissue samples from animals derived from (AUG X BN.1C)F1 X AUG and (AUG X BN.1C)F1 X BN.1C backcrosses were examined and a linkage association between Eag-1 and Fh-1 (EC 4.2.2.1) was detected. The linkage distance between Eag-1 and Fh-1 is 21 cM (chi 2 = 27.9; p = 0.00001) and this association defines the third locus in the tenth (X) linkage group of the rat. PMID- 3910023 TI - Genetically determined differences in liver alcohol dehydrogenase activity in male rats. AB - Alcohol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.1) activity was measured in liver extracts from one outbred and three inbred strains of rats. Strain-specific differences in enzyme activity were observed in the adult male rats. The differences appeared as the animals reached puberty. Studies on the enzyme purified from Sprague-Dawley and ACI rats indicate that the enzymes in these strains are identical and that the difference in activity found in liver extracts is due to differences in the amount of enzyme present. Genetic crosses between Sprague-Dawley and ACI rats suggest that the liver content of alcohol dehydrogenase is controlled by an autosomal regulatory locus with the characteristics of a temporal gene. PMID- 3910025 TI - Purification and characterization of major extracellular proteinases from Trichophyton rubrum. AB - Two extracellular proteinases that probably play a central role in the metabolism and pathogenesis of the most common dermatophyte of man, Trichophyton rubrum, were purified to homogeneity. Size-exclusion chromatography and Chromatofocusing were used to purify the major proteinases 42-fold from crude fungal culture filtrate. The major enzyme has pI 7.8 and subunit Mr 44 000, but forms a dimer of Mr approx. 90 000 in the absence of reducing agents. A second enzyme with pI 6.5 and subunit Mr 36 000, was also purified. It is very similar in substrate specificity to the major enzyme but has lower specific activity, and may be an autoproteolysis product. The major proteinase has pH optimum 8, a Ca2+-dependence maximum of 1 mM, and was inhibited by serine-proteinase inhibitors, especially tetrapeptidyl chloromethane derivatives with hydrophobic residues at the P-1 site. Kinetic studies also showed that tetrapeptides containing aromatic or hydrophobic residues at P-1 were the best substrates. A kcat./Km of 27 000 M-1 X S-1 was calculated for the peptide 3-carboxypropionyl-Ala-Ala-Pro-Phe-p nitroanilide. The enzyme has significant activity against keratin, elastin and denatured type I collagen (Azocoll). PMID- 3910026 TI - Cloning and nucleotide sequence analysis of transfer RNA genes from Mycoplasma mycoides. AB - As part of an investigation of the tRNA genes of Mycoplasma mycoides, two HindIII fragments of mycoplasma DNA comprising 0.4 and 2.5 kilobases (kb), respectively, were cloned in pBR322 and their nucleotide sequences determined. Only one tRNA gene was found in the 0.4 kb fragment, the gene for tRNAArg with the anticodon TCT, while the 2.5 kb fragment contained nine different tRNA genes arranged in a cluster which presumably constitutes a transcriptional unit. The clustered tRNA genes, with their respective anticodons, were as follows: Arg (ACG), Pro (TGG), Ala (TGC), Met (CAT), Ile (CAT), Ser (TGA), fMet (CAT), Asp (GTC), and Phe (GAA). PMID- 3910027 TI - Insulin stimulation of glucose transport in isolated rat adipocytes. Functional evidence for insulin activation of intrinsic transporter activity within the plasma membrane. AB - We examined the effects of the membrane-impermeant amino-group-modifying agent fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) on the basal and insulin-stimulated hexose transport activity of isolated rat adipocytes. Pre-treatment of cells with FITC causes irreversible inhibition of transport measured in subsequently washed cells. Transport activity was inhibited by approx. 50% with 2 mM-FITC in 8 min. The cells respond to insulin, after FITC treatment and removal, and the fold increase in transport above the basal value caused by maximal concentrations of insulin was independent of the concentration of FITC used for pre-treatment over the range 0-2 mM, where basal activity was progressively inhibited. The ability of FITC to modify selectively hexose transporters accessible only to the external milieu was evaluated by two methods. (1) Free intracellular FITC, and the distribution of FITC bound to cellular components, were assessed after dialysis of the homogenate and subcellular fractionation on sucrose gradients by direct spectroscopic measurement of fluorescein. Most (98%) of the FITC was associated with the non-diffusible fractions. Equilibrium sucrose-density-gradient centrifugation of the homogenate demonstrated that the subcellular distribution of the bound FITC correlated with the density distribution of a plasma-membrane marker, but not markers for Golgi, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria or protein. Exposing the cellular homogenate, rather than the intact cell preparation, to 2 mM-FITC resulted in a 4-5-fold increase in total bound FITC, and the density-distribution profile more closely resembled the distribution of total protein. (2) Incubation of hexokinase preparations with FITC rapidly and irreversibly inactivates this protein. However, both intracellular hexokinase total activity and its apparent Michaelis constant for glucose were unaffected in FITC-treated intact cells. Further control experiments demonstrated that FITC pre treatment of cells had no effect on the intracellular ATP concentration or the dose-response curve of insulin stimulation of hexose transport. Since the fold increase of hexose transport induced by insulin is constant over the range of inhibition of surface-labelled hexose transporters, we suggest that insulin induced insertion of additional transporters into the plasma membrane may not be the major locus of acceleration of hexose transport by the hormone. PMID- 3910028 TI - Selectivity of the insulin-like actions of vanadate on glucose and protein metabolism in skeletal muscle. AB - To determine if vanadate has insulin-like actions in skeletal muscle, we measured its effects on glucose and protein metabolism in epitrochlearis muscles of rats. Compared with insulin, vanadate increased glucose uptake, glycogen synthesis and glycolysis to a lesser degree, but caused a greater stimulation of lactate and glucose oxidation. Unlike insulin, vanadate did not change either protein synthesis or degradation. These different metabolic responses could be related to the different pattern of insulin-receptor phosphorylation caused by insulin and vanadate. PMID- 3910029 TI - Adenosine effects on glucose oxidation of adipocytes isolated from streptozotocin diabetic rats. AB - Streptozotocin-induced diabetes did not impair the response of adipocytes to adenosine effects in glucose oxidation. The greatest effect of adenosine in potentiating the action of insulin was in the physiological concentration range of insulin (10-100 mu units/ml). The desensitization of cells by diabetes to the effects of insulin is therefore probably not related to the response of cells to adenosine. PMID- 3910031 TI - Identification of an epidermal cell-adhesion glycoprotein. AB - Glycoproteins which mediate intercellular adhesion were studied by comparing the effects of trypsin and the neutral proteinase, Dispase, on human keratinocytes metabolically labelled with D-[1-14C]glucosamine or L-[1-3H]fucose. Whereas digestion of keratinocytes with trypsin/EDTA resulted in loss of both cell substratum and intercellular adhesion, only cell-substratum adhesion was disrupted by incubation with Dispase. Analysis of the radiolabelled glycoproteins by polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis revealed that a glycoprotein of Mr 126 000 was cleaved by trypsin/EDTA, but not by Dispase. Surface labelling of keratinocytes with galactose oxidase/NaB3H4 confirmed that this glycoprotein was exposed on the cell surface. Addition of lmM-Ca2+ prevented dispersion of keratinocytes by trypsin and concomitantly protected the glycoprotein of Mr 126 000 from digestion. These results indicate that this glycoprotein has an important role in mediating intercellular adhesion of keratinocytes. PMID- 3910030 TI - Time-dependence of biological activity induced by covalent insulin-receptor complexes in rat adipocytes. AB - Lipogenesis in isolated adipocyte preparations is stimulated when photosensitive insulin derivatives are attached covalently to specific receptors. This response was compared quantitatively with that to reversibly associated insulin, and it was shown that both covalent and reversible insulin-receptor complexes behave very similarly. The extent of stimulation of lipogenesis was studied as a function of time. Cells were incubated in buffer for various times before addition to vials containing 0 (basal) or 10 ng of monocomponent insulin/ml (maximal) and [U-3H]glucose. After 60 min, the toluene-soluble [3H]lipids were measured. The maximal stimulation induced by reversibly bound insulin was virtually constant over a period of 4 h. In contrast, adipocytes to which N alpha B2-(2-nitro-4-azidophenylacetyl)-des-PheB1-insulin had been covalently attached at the start of the experiment showed a loss of stimulation with time when incubated at 37 degrees C. This loss was decreased in the presence of lysosomotropic agents such as chloroquine at concentrations (approx. 200 microM) that had very little or no effect on the basal and maximal lipogenesis rates. A simple method was used to transform the measured rate of loss of stimulation into a rate of loss of effective units. A half-time of 80 min was calculated for the effective covalent insulin-receptor units in adipocytes at 37 degrees C at pH 7.4. This is very close to values reported by others for the internalization of covalent complexes in these cells, suggesting that this may be the causative event for the deactivation of the insulin-receptor unit. The inhibitory effect of chloroquine on the deactivation may indicate that the insulin-receptor complex can function even after internalization. PMID- 3910032 TI - Analysis of immunoreactive insulins in man in relation to the effects of aging. AB - In order to elucidate the effects of aging on insulin content in human pancreas, the immunoelectrophoretic analysis of insulin was applied. The pancreas of senile humans appears to contain less total immunoreactive insulin, because of the decrement of proinsulin fraction after overnight fasting. The results suggest the involvement of insulin biosynthesis according to the aging process. PMID- 3910033 TI - Separation of biological variant insulin molecules from different species by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). AB - Three different isocratic systems for the separation by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of different species of insulin have been investigated. The effect of different solvent compositions and temperatures on elution time and resolution have been studied. These studies have been used to devise a method for reversed-phase liquid chromatographic separation of bovine, porcine, and human insulin, as well as the A and B chains of bovine insulin. The method can also be used for the separation of the various products of the iodination of porcine insulin. 125I-A14 tyrosine-labeled porcine insulin can be readily separated from nonlabeled porcine insulin and from other iodinated constituents of the mixture. A flow-though gamma-counting system that was designed for this work is described. PMID- 3910034 TI - Pharmacology of hirudin: one hundred years after the first report of the anticoagulant agent in medicinal leeches. AB - One hundred years after its discovery hirudin, the selective thrombin inhibitor from medicinal leeches, has been brought into the focus of interest again. Advanced methods of peptide isolation and gene technology are expected to provide the opportunity to obtain pure hirudin in sufficient yield for therapeutic uses. Therefore, the present state of knowledge of this naturally occurring anticoagulant is reported. PMID- 3910035 TI - A new substrate and two inhibitors applicable for thermitase, subtilisin BPN' and alpha-chymotrypsin. Comparison of kinetic parameters with customary substrates and inhibitors. AB - A new chromogenic substrate and two inhibitors with the common peptide sequence X Ala-Ala-Phe-Y have been synthesized, and were found to be of higher efficiency as hitherto available customary substrates and inhibitors for thermitase, subtilisin BPN' and alpha-chymotrypsin. The proteolytic coefficient kcat/Km for the hydrolysis of the substrate Suc-Ala-Ala-Phe-pNA is about 80 times higher in the case of thermitase and subtilisin BPN' and about 20 times higher for alpha chymotrypsin compared with Suc-Ala3-pNA and Suc-Phe-pNA, respectively. The irreversible inhibitory effect of Z-Ala2-Phe-CH2Cl compared with Z-Phe-CH2Cl is 280 times greater for thermitase and subtilisin BPN' and 50 times for alpha chymotrypsin. The corresponding methyl ketone Z-Ala2-Phe-CH3 is a high affinity competitive inhibitor for thermitase but not for the two other enzymes. PMID- 3910036 TI - The use of glass as solid phase in enzyme immunoassay as exemplified by the detection of circulating immune complexes. AB - This article describes a solid-phase enzyme immunoassay for the quantitative determination of circulating immune complexes based on the covalent binding of proteins to glass. A quantitative comparison between adsorption to polystyrene and covalent binding to glass gave a protein higher concentration on the glass support. This leads, in connection with the strong attachment of the protein, to a higher sensitivity and precision in immunoassay. The binding of C1q to glass as solid phase offers the possibility to reuse the protein as well as the glass support after accomplishment of the immunoassay which can reduce the cost of the assay in routine work dramatically. Furthermore, the immobilization of C1q to glass gives an extreme stability of the protein which means that the c1q-coated glass supports can be used up to one year under routine conditions. PMID- 3910037 TI - Purification and some properties of lysosomal alpha-glucosidase of rat liver. AB - Acid alpha-glucosidase was purified from the lysosomal/mitochondrial fraction of rat liver by acid precipitation, ammonium sulphate precipitation and affinity chromatography on Sephadex G 100, resulting in 17000-fold enrichment from that of the liver homogenate. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be 125000 from analytical gel filtration experiments. On SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis the purified enzyme showed only a single band having an apparent molecular weight of about 64000. Based on these results, it is concluded that lysosomal liver alpha-glucosidase consists of two subunits. The discontinuous system of SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, however, revealed two closely migrating protein bands suggesting heterogeneity of the enzyme subunits. PMID- 3910038 TI - Cloning and expression of human interleukin 2 in Streptomyces lividans using the Escherichia coli consensus promoter. AB - Streptomyces lividans was transformed with a plasmid containing the structural gene that specifies human interleukin 2. The expression of interleukin 2 in this plasmid is controlled by both the consensus promoter and a consensus ribosome binding site characteristic of Escherichia coli. We have detected production of active human interleukin 2 in liquid cultures of the transformed Streptomyces by both, biological assay and immuno-blotting analysis. PMID- 3910039 TI - Repair of DNA O-alkylation damage by various human organs. AB - Protein extracts from human adult liver, fetal liver, intestine, brain, kidney, lung and skin were tested against poly(dT)methylated X poly(dA), poly(dA)methylated X poly(dT) and methylated DNA. The suitability of various substrates was established in assays using E. coli extracts that removed O4 methylthymidine (O4-MedT), O2-MedT, and O6-methylguanine (O6-MeG). The human extracts efficiently removed O6-MeG and N3-methyladenine from methylated substrates. The adult liver exhibited low and fetal tissues negligible removal of O4-MedT. Only the liver showed limited removal of O2-MedT. The poor removal of the miscoding base O4-MedT by human organs could be an important factor in carcinogen induced mutagenesis, carcinogenesis and teratogenesis. PMID- 3910040 TI - Regulation of methionine synthesis in Escherichia coli: effect of metJ gene product and S-adenosylmethionine on the in vitro expression of the metB, metL and metJ genes. AB - The regulation of the expression of three Escherichia coli met genes, metB, which codes for cystathionine gamma-synthetase (EC 4.2.99.9), metL, which codes for aspartokinase II-homoserine dehydrogenase II (EC 2.7.2.4-EC 1.1.1.3) and metJ, which codes for the methionine regulon aporepressor, has been studied using highly purified DNA-directed in vitro protein synthesis systems. In a system where the entire gene product is synthesized, the expression of the metB and metL genes is specifically inhibited by MetJ protein (repressor protein) and S adenosylmethionine (AdoMet). In a simplified system that measures the formation of the first dipeptide of the gene product (fMet-Ala for the metJ gene), MetJ protein and AdoMet partially repress (approximately 40-60%) metJ gene expression. Thus, the metJ gene can be partially autoregulated by its gene product. PMID- 3910041 TI - Protease susceptibility of zinc- and apo-carboxypeptidase A. AB - Proteases in preparations of carboxypeptidase A progressively inactivate solutions of the apoenzyme but not the metal-containing enzyme. Free amino acids generated by proteolysis interfere with spectral studies after reconstituting the apoenzyme with cobalt. Purification by affinity chromatography eliminates this effect. Affinity-purified apoenzyme is susceptible to digestion with chymotrypsin but the metalloenzyme is not. PMID- 3910042 TI - Cloning and expression of tryptophan genes from Brevibacterium lactofermentum in Escherichia coli. AB - A gene bank from the amino acid producer Brevibacterium lactofermentum has been prepared in Escherichia coli using pBR322 as vector. Four clones containing genetic information needed to complement mutations in A,B,C and D genes from E. coli have been isolated. The cloned fragments range between 4.3 kb (pULT61) and 7.9 kb (pULT62). All the four clones contain genetic information that complements trpB gene from E. coli. The cloned trpB gene is very stable and is maintained extrachromosomally in E. coli. It is expressed very efficiently showing high levels of tryptophan synthetase activity. PMID- 3910043 TI - Inhibitory effect of transforming growth factor-beta on DNA synthesis of adult rat hepatocytes in primary culture. AB - A transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) found in platelets strongly inhibited DNA synthesis of adult rat hepatocytes in primary culture stimulated by insulin plus EGF or by hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) from rat platelets, but not the syntheses of secretory and intracellular proteins by the cells. TGF-beta had no cytotoxic effect, as judged by phase-contrast microscopic examination of the cell morphology. The inhibition of DNA synthesis by TGF-beta was correlated with marked decrease in the labeling index. TGF-beta did not inhibit growth of hepatoma cell line. These findings indicate that TGF-beta is a strong growth inhibitor of adult rat hepatocytes and may block their shift from the G1 phase to the S phase. The physiological role of TGF-beta in inhibiting growth of adult hepatocytes during liver regeneration is discussed. PMID- 3910044 TI - The effects of insulin and concanavalin A on the accumulation of a specific mRNA in rat hepatoma cells. AB - One of insulin's effects is to stimulate specific mRNA synthesis. Treatment of H4IIE hepatoma cells with 0.01-1.0 nM insulin results in a maximum 10-15 fold increase in the accumulation of a specific mRNA (p33-mRNA) as measured with a cloned cDNA. Concanavalin A, a lectin known to mimic many of insulin's effects, also stimulates the accumulation of p33-mRNA. The effects of both insulin and Con A were blocked by the addition of two RNA synthesis inhibitors, actinomycin D or 5,6 dichloro-1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-benzimidazole. We therefore suggest that insulin and concanavalin A act to stimulate p33-mRNA synthesis. PMID- 3910045 TI - The importance of disulfide bridges in human endopeptidase (enkephalinase) after proteolytic cleavage. AB - The neutral endopeptidase (NEP) is a membrane-bound enzyme, which is solubilized by treatment with the protease, papain. Papain did not affect the apparent catalytic activity or the molecular mass of the purified human enzyme in SDS PAGE. When NEP was treated with a reducing agent after papain digestion, it dissociated into smaller, lower molecular mass fragments. Amino acid analysis and s-carboxymethylation of the half cystine residues indicated that NEP contains four S-S bridges. We concluded that, although covalent bonds appear to be cleaved in NEP by papain, its activity and structure are sustained by S-S bridges. PMID- 3910046 TI - Inhibition of gamma-endorphin generating endopeptidase activity of rat brain by peptides: structure activity relationship. AB - gamma-Endorphin generating endopeptidase (gamma EGE) activity is an enzyme activity which converts beta-endorphin into gamma-endorphin and beta-endorphin (18-31). The inhibitory potency on gamma EGE activity of neuropeptides and analogues or fragments of neuropeptides was tested. Dynorphin-(1-13) (IC50: 0.14 microM), human beta-endorphin-(1-31) (IC50: 15.5 microM), porcine ACTH-(1-39) (IC50: 6.3 microM), and substance P (IC50: 26 microM) had an inhibitory activity on gamma EGE activity. beta-Endorphin-(18-31) (IC50: 0.35 microM) but not gamma endorphin potently inhibited gamma EGE activity. The IC50 of poly (Lys)40-60 was 0.8 microM. It is concluded that 1) gamma EGE activity is strongly inhibited by its product beta-endorphin-(18-31), 2) the enzyme is strongly inhibited by peptides with an aromatic amino acid at the NH2-terminal and/or basic amino acids in the COOH-terminal of the peptide chain. PMID- 3910047 TI - Difference in the inhibitory effect of linoleic acid hydroperoxide on prostacyclin biosynthesis between cultured endothelial cells from human umbilical cord vein and cultured smooth muscle cells from rabbit aorta. AB - The biosynthesis of prostacyclin in cultured endothelial cells from human umbilical cord vein was inhibited by linoleic acid hydroperoxide at a concentration of 0.1 nmol/ml (in terms of malondialdehyde), while that in cultured smooth muscle cells from rabbit aorta was inhibited only at a higher concentration of the hydroperoxide (5.0 nmol/ml). PMID- 3910048 TI - Action of Pennisetum typhoides double-stranded ribonuclease on viral ds RNAs. AB - A ribonuclease that preferentially cleaves natural and synthetic double-stranded (ds) RNAs has been partially purified from Pennisetum typhoides. The enzyme degrades [3H]poly(rA) X poly(rU) to acid-soluble products. The ds RNase does not degrade RNA:DNA hybrid but appears to have about 18% activity against single stranded (ss) RNAs under the assay conditions used for the cleavage of ds RNAs. The RNase has a molecular weight of 35,000 daltons as determined from gel filtration using Sephadex G-200. The ds RNase shows an absolute requirement for divalent cations Mg++ or Mn++ and monovalent cations K+ or Na+. The specificity of the enzyme towards ds RNA template is supported by the inhibition of cleavage of ds RNAs by ethidium bromide and Penicillium chrysogenum viral ds RNA. The enzyme preparation acts on ds RNAs isolated from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and P. chrysogenum virus. The purified ds RNase also cleaves the in vitro transcriptional products of adenovirus DNA and this activity is inhibited by 5 mM ethidium bromide suggesting that ds regions of adenovirus RNA are involved in the cleavage process. PMID- 3910049 TI - Cartilage degradation by neutral proteoglycanases in experimental osteoarthritis. Suppression by steroids. AB - In this study, we sought to determine the role of neutral proteases in cartilage matrix proteoglycan degradation, which occurs during the early stages of experimental osteoarthritis. The anterior cruciate ligament was transected in the right knees of 33 dogs. Their left knees served as sham operated controls. The animals were killed 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after surgery. Six dogs were treated with oral prednisone and then killed 4 weeks after surgery. Cartilage specimens from medial and lateral tibial plateaus were analyzed for DNA, proteoglycan content, and neutral proteoglycan degrading activity. No significant differences in cartilage DNA and proteoglycan content were observed among the dogs that had surgery, the controls, and the prednisone-treated animals. Total neutral metalloproteoglycan-degrading enzyme (NMPE) activity, determined by direct tissue assay, was significantly higher at all time points in osteoarthritic cartilage than in control cartilage. The active form of NMPE was significantly higher in osteoarthritic cartilage than in control cartilage at 2, 4, and 8 weeks in lateral plateaus and at 2 and 4 weeks in medial plateaus. Treatment for 4 weeks with prednisone (0.20-0.25 mg/kg/day) blocked the increased NMPE activity in osteoarthritic cartilage. The increase in the total and active neutral proteoglycanases supports the hypothesis that these enzymes are involved in early osteoarthritis. The synthesis of NMPE appears to be controlled by stimulating factors released by the synovium. PMID- 3910050 TI - Reactivation of streptococcal cell wall-induced arthritis by homologous and heterologous cell wall polymers. AB - Joint inflammation initially induced by intraarticular injection of an aqueous suspension of peptidoglycan-polysaccharide (PG-PS) fragments isolated from Streptococcus pyogenes was reactivated by systemic injection of a normally subarthropathic dose of homologous or heterologous cell wall polymers, including muramyl dipeptide and lipopolysaccharide. Reactivation was not correlated with the severity of the initial inflammatory reaction. Results of studies utilizing 125I-labeled PG-PS fragments suggested that reactivation was associated with increased localization of PG-PS fragments in the joint following reinjection. These results indicate that the initial injury of the joint by S pyogenes PG-PS fragments increases the susceptibility of the joint to subsequent injury. Furthermore, once the inflammatory reaction is initiated, it can be perpetuated by a variety of ubiquitous cell wall polymers derived from normal flora as well as from pathogenic bacteria. PMID- 3910051 TI - Multiclinic study of DMSO for systemic sclerosis. PMID- 3910052 TI - Habekacin: nephrotoxicity, pharmacokinetics and prophylactic efficacy in rats. AB - 1-N[(S)-4-amino-2-hydroxybutyryl]-kanamycin B (habekacin), a new aminoglycoside antibiotic found in 1973 was tested for its nephrotoxicity, pharmacokinetics and prophylactic efficacy in 351 female rats. Increased urinary elimination of tubule cells and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) demonstrated tubulotoxicity even at the minimal dosage of 2.5 mg/kg/d. At high dosages (100 or 50 mg/kg/d) habekacin produced more tubule damage than dibekacin. At lower dosages (20, 10 or 5 mg/kg/d) both aminoglycosides showed similar effects. Additionally, possible glomerular lesions were found at high dosages (100 mg/kg/d) as indicated by proteinuria, CAF (cellulose acetate foil)-electrophoresis of the urinary protein and raised albumin/globulin ratio. - Pharmacological studies revealed serum concentrations similar to dibekacin, in renal tissue, however, the concentrations of habekacin were much higher than those of dibekacin. - In experimental E. coli pyelonephritis, 9 single doses of habekacin or dibekacin (5 mg/kg) given prophylactically reduced the bacterial counts significantly; a single dose of the antibiotics (5 mg/kg) was slightly effective. PMID- 3910053 TI - Study of the long-term action of a Ginkgo biloba extract on vigilance and mental performance as determined by means of quantitative pharmaco-EEG and psychometric measurements. AB - The action of a Ginkgo biloba extract (rokan, Tanakan, G.B.E.) in promoting blood flow has been demonstrated in several animal and human pharmacological studies. The aim of this present study was to estimate the action of the substance on the central nervous system in order to be able to assess its potential use as a therapeutic agent in geriatric patients with cerebral insufficiency. Quantitative pharmaco-EEG is the method of choice for studying the vigilance-promoting effects of a drug. It is incomparable for confirming the findings of behavioural and psychometric studies. 60 volunteers of either sex participated in the double blind trial. They were aged 57-77 years and showed mental deterioration corresponding to their age. They were randomly divided into three experimental groups: 20 subjects received 3 X 40 mg/day G.B.E., 20 received 5 mg nicergoline and 20 received a placebo of similar appearance. The subjects underwent an extensive series of examinations before and 4, 8 and 12 weeks after the start of medication. Analysis of the EEG results for the whole group revealed no significant advantage of G.B.E. over the two reference substances with regard to vigilance. However, a subclassification of the subjects showed that the vigilance of those persons with a more unfavourable initial situation measured in the resting EEG could be clearly improved by chronic G.B.E. medication. This increase in vigilance was reflected at the behavioural level by an improvement of reaction times in the G.B.E. group by comparison with the reference substances.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3910055 TI - Asking questions. PMID- 3910054 TI - [Administration of ranitidine once in the evening for several weeks: effect on acidity and basal hormone levels in normal subjects]. AB - The effects of ranitidine (300 mg at night) on gastric acid secretion as well as on basal hormone levels (testosterone, prolactin, dehydro-epiandrosterone etc.) were assessed in 9 healthy volunteers before, during and after a 28-day treatment. On day 29, i.e. 12 h after the last ranitidine dose, basal and stimulated acid secretion was only slightly reduced by some 14 and 12%, respectively. On day 35, gastric acid output had returned to pretreatment values. There were no signs of a rebound phenomenon. Basal levels of prolactin, testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone etc. were unchanged by 28-day ranitidine treatment. Ranitidine 300 mg at night may, therefore, be used in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease without any negative effect on human gastric acid secretion and basal hormone levels. PMID- 3910056 TI - Diurnal changes in serum triglycerides as related to changes in lipolytic enzymes, lipoproteins and hormones in patients with primary endogenous hypertriglyceridaemia on a carbohydrate-rich diet. AB - Parameters of diurnal triglyceride (TG) metabolism were investigated in 5 subjects with primary endogenous hypertriglyceridaemia and compared with those of normal subjects studied previously. The patients were in a steady state on a carbohydrate-rich diet (meals at 9.00, 13.00 and 17.00 h). Serum TG showed a wavelike pattern with a maximum at around 17.00 h. Post-heparin lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity in the fasting state was not different from that in normals, but failed to show the normal increase in the fed state (16.30 h). This was due to the inability of patients to increase their adipose tissue (AT)-LPL activity in the course of the day. AT-LPL activity was throughout the day lower than in normal subjects. Skeletal muscle LPL activity was low and showed no diurnal change, equalling our findings in normal subjects. Low density lipoprotein cholesterol and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentrations showed no diurnal change. However, HDL phospholipids increased significantly in the course of the day. PMID- 3910057 TI - The effect of cimetidine and ranitidine on serum high density lipoprotein subfractions. AB - Of the two major subfractions of high density lipoprotein (HDL), HDL2 cholesterol (HDL2-C) and not HDL3 cholesterol (HDL3-C) correlates negatively with coronary heart disease. To study the effect of cimetidine and ranitidine on HDL subfractions, 6 healthy males received cimetidine (600 mg bid) ranitidine (150 mg bid) and placebo (one tab bid) for 1 week each, in random order. Measurements of HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), HDL2-C, HDL3-C were made on day 7 of each week. Comparing cimetidine with placebo, HDL2-C/HDL-C, HDL2-C/total cholesterol and HDL2-C/HDL3-C increased significantly while HDL3-C/HDL-C decreased. There was no difference in HDL-C parameters between ranitidine and placebo. Cimetidine treatment results in redistribution of HDL subfractions in favour of HDL2. The mechanism is not H2-receptor antagonism as ranitidine had no such effect. PMID- 3910058 TI - Immunohistochemical localization of the terminal C5b-9 complement complex in human aortic fibrous plaque. AB - The terminal C5b-9 complex of the complement system was localized in 26 aortic, 3 iliac and 4 femoral human fibrous plaques using indirect immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase. IgG, IgA, IgM, Clq, C3c, C4, C9 and fibrinogen were investigated simultaneously. All the fibrous plaques presented C5b-9 deposits appearing like thin threads in the fibrous cap and masses and spots in the amorphous areas. The extent and intensity were in agreement with the size of the fibrous plaques. The intimal thickenings presented less intense deposits which were absent in atherosclerosis-free samples. The C5b-9 deposits were frequently associated with immunoglobulins and complement components in the same areas. Whereas the demonstration of complement components reflected only a nonspecific trapping, the presence of assembled C5b-9 in the damaged tissues is more indicative of the involvement of complement activation in the tissue injury. The absence of C5b-9 in the atherosclerosis-free intima and its presence at lower intensity in the intimal thickenings than in the fibrous plaques suggest a pathogenic involvement in the chronic progression of the atherosclerotic lesion. PMID- 3910059 TI - A study of alcoholism treatment units: some findings on units and staff. AB - This paper describes what might be called the 'demographic characteristics' of alcohol treatment units, which form the major institutional treatment system for alcoholics within the National Health Service. Data are provided regarding the time of establishment, physical structure and location, bed numbers, staffing patterns, and administrative changes. The information provides a basis for monitoring future developments. PMID- 3910060 TI - Effects of diets decreasing ethanol consumption on acetaldehyde metabolism in UChA and UChB rats. AB - It has previously been reported that the introduction of a new issue (D1) of a stock diet (D0) caused a significant decrease in voluntary ethanol consumption in rats of our UChA (low ethanol consumer) and UChB (high ethanol consumer) strains, and that, after changing to a diet lacking in animal products (D3), ethanol consumption reached the previous level attained in UChB rats and exhibited a bimodal distribution in UChA rats in such a way that about one-third of these consumed more than 2 ml of a 10% (v/v) ethanol solution per 100 g of body weight, as did UChB rats. When UChA rats exhibiting high ethanol consumption and also UChB rats were fed on the D3 diet with a brewer's yeast supplement, a significant decrease in ethanol intake was observed. Since significant correlations of voluntary ethanol intake to blood acetaldehyde levels, and to hepatic and brain aldehyde dehydrogenase (AldDH) activities, have been reported, the effects on these parameters of diet D1 and of supplements of brewer's yeast or disulfiram were studied. Results showed that rats of both strains fed on a D1 diet exhibited a significant increase in blood acetaldehyde level after ethanol administration, concomitant with an inhibition of hepatic and brain AldDH activities and a significant decrease in ethanol intake. Thus, this effect could be related to a disulfiram-like activity. The decrease in ethanol intake induced by brewer's yeast was not accompanied by changes of blood acetaldehyde level after ethanol, nor by inhibition of hepatic AldDH activity in either strain.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3910061 TI - Stimulation of chemically induced rectal carcinogenesis by chronic ethanol ingestion. AB - The effect of chronic ethanol administration on 1, 2-dimethylhydrazine-induced rectal carcinogenesis was investigated in 32 paired male Sprague-Dawley rats fed a nutritionally-adequate liquid diet containing 36% of the total calories as either ethanol or isocaloric carbohydrates. Chronic ethanol ingestion increased the total number of rectal tumors significantly (17 vs 6; P less than 0.02), whereas no cocarcinogenic effect of ethanol was observed in other parts of the intestine. Alcohol did not influence tumor size or histopathology. A 47% increase in the activity of mucosal alcohol dehydrogenase in the distal colorectal region was found between chronically-ethanol-fed rats and pair-fed controls (0.241 +/- 0.019 vs 0.164 +/- 0.020 mumol/mg of protein/hr; P less than 0.01). This could in part explain the cocarcinogenic effect of alcohol in this tissue. Faecal bile acids, however, do not play a role as promotors of rectal carcinogenesis under the present experimental conditions. The results give experimental support to the epidemiologic findings of an increased incidence of rectal cancer in the alcoholic. PMID- 3910062 TI - Pathophysiological events leading to the end-organ effects of acute hypertension. AB - The term "hypertensive crisis" refers to a group of acute hypertensive disorders that have, in common, evidence of end-organ dysfunction. From a pathophysiological viewpoint, these disorders may be classified into two major categories. In primary hypertensive disorders, the predominant pathophysiological events and subsequent end-organ failure are directly attributable to the uncontrolled hypertension. Secondary hypertensive crises have many similar features; however, the ultimate progression from onset of hypertension to end organ failure tends to be modified by concurrent target-organ disease. The chain of events leading to the progression from benign to malignant hypertension centers around two general theories--the pressure hypothesis and the humoral hypothesis--both of which suggest that when a critical imbalance of pressure and/or humoral factors occurs, depending variously on etiological factors, rapidity, and degree and duration of blood pressure elevation, a series of pathological events ensue leading to myointimal proliferation and fibrinoid necrosis. The primary target-organ effects of severe hypertension generally affect the central nervous, renal, and cardiovascular systems and occur when the normal compensatory mechanisms are exceeded either by a breakthrough in autoregulation, as in the central nervous system, or by an imbalance in myocardial supply and demand. To a certain extent the pathophysiological events and target-organ susceptibility will determine the manner in which the hypertensive event presents. Although effective therapy is optimally tailored to the specific underlying disease process, in the acute setting, where important clinical data may be lacking, an appreciation of these underlying mechanisms will aid in the selection of a regimen that is both safe and effective. PMID- 3910063 TI - Heart transplantation: a therapeutic alternative for patients with end-stage cardiac disease: the Texas Heart Institute experience. PMID- 3910064 TI - [Atresia of the bile ducts. Recent concepts]. PMID- 3910065 TI - Production of plasminogen activator by cells in culture. PMID- 3910066 TI - Protein modeling using computer graphics. AB - This paper has aimed to give the reader an overview of the use of computer graphics in protein modeling. To judge the power of these systems the reader should take the opportunity of visiting a laboratory engaged in this research. It is hoped that one message has been made clear in this paper, that is, computer graphics is a powerful tool for molecular modeling that will be of great value to all groups involved in the design of novel polypeptides and other biologically active molecules. PMID- 3910067 TI - [The neonatal spinal cord examined by ultrasonography]. PMID- 3910068 TI - The deformation of cusps by bonded posterior composite restorations: an in vitro study. PMID- 3910069 TI - A two-year visible light/UV light filled sealant study. PMID- 3910071 TI - International review series: alcohol and alcohol problems research. 6. India. PMID- 3910072 TI - The drinking man's disease: the 'pre-history' of alcoholism in Georgian Britain. PMID- 3910070 TI - International review series: alcohol and alcohol problems research. 5. Australia. PMID- 3910073 TI - Migration, cultural transformation and the rise of black liver cirrhosis mortality. PMID- 3910074 TI - The skin inflammatory response of the badger (Meles meles). AB - Twenty-five badgers, captured in an area where they had been implicated in outbreaks of bovine tuberculosis, received intradermal inoculations of control medium, 150 micrograms phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), 40 units streptokinase/10 units streptodornase (SK/SD), 200 micrograms purified protein derivative of Mycobacterium bovis (PPD), Freund's incomplete adjuvant (IFA), and Freund's complete adjuvant (CFA), each in 0.1 ml of inoculum. The reactions were assessed by skinfold thickness and skin histology 30 min--7 days after inoculation. Control medium caused slight cellular reaction, mostly polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNs), but no significant increase in skinfold thickness. SK/SD provoked no reaction. PHA stimulated a marked increase in skinfold thickness; the cellular reaction was predominantly PMNs, with some macrophages occurring after several days. IFA and CFA promoted a long-lasting increase in skinfold thickness, and a mixed histological picture of PMNs and macrophages; later in the response, especially to CFA, giant cells and some lymphocytes occurred. PPD stimulated a small increase in skinfold thickness with a timing (2-3 days) consistent with delayed hypersensitivity (DTH); there was, however, no erythema or palpable oedema or induration. The histology was an initial multifocal reaction of PMNs with a later phase of lymphocytes and macrophages with some granuloma formation. Other cell types (eosinophils, basophils) were seen in varying proportions in all reaction sites. M. bovis was isolated from four badgers; the cellular reaction to PPD was stronger than in uninfected animals, but other aspects of the skin response were unaffected. This study shows the capacity of badgers for strong inflammatory responses, and is the first report of a DTH response to PPD in this species. PMID- 3910076 TI - Serum beta 2-microglobulin: a real improvement in the management of multiple myeloma? AB - Beta 2-microglobulin (B2-m) determinations in serum have recently been introduced as a method of stratifying patients suffering from multiple myeloma. Conflicting results from several studies prompted us to study retrospectively the correlation of B2-m with presenting features and disease stage, as well as the prognostic value of B2-m, in 87 myeloma patients. Significant correlations were found between B2-m and presenting features such as haemoglobin level, serum calcium level and total body myeloma cell mass. The strongest correlation existed between B2-m and serum creatinine (r = 0.68). B2-m did not discriminate between the different disease stages as defined by Durie and Salmon, nor between myeloma Stage IA and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). Considered alone, B2-m was found to have prognostic value in terms of survival. This correlation disappeared after correction for serum creatinine level and tumour load (multivariate analysis). Furthermore, changes in tumour load during therapy were not reflected in changes in B2-m levels, thereby rendering B2-m levels invalid as tumour marker. Our findings indicate no value for B2-m determinations in the staging and follow-up of myeloma patients. PMID- 3910075 TI - Immune response to storage-induced injury in non-ischaemic renal autografts. AB - Graft sensitization was measured in dogs receiving autotransplants of perfused, flushed or hypothermically preserved kidneys. Five kidney treatments were studied: (1) continuous pulsatile perfusion with Ross solution for 24 h; (2) flush with Ross solution followed by 24h cold storage; (3) removal and immediate reimplantation; (4) flush with Ross solution and immediate reimplantation; (5) cool and immediate reimplantation. Continuous perfusion resulted in a lower mean creatinine (measured over the first five days after transplant) than did flushing followed by cold storage (P less than 0.001). Creatinines were lower in the groups in which kidneys were not stored (regardless of treatment) than in the stored groups (P less than 0.001). Dogs were said to be immune if their leucocytes were inhibited by nephrectomy kidney antigen in the leucocyte migration inhibition assay [LMI]. Immune dogs had a higher mean creatinine than non-immune animals (P less than 0.05). All autografts were examined for deposition of IgG, IgM and C3 at post-mortem by tissue immunofluorescence [IF]. Positive immune responses (LMI or IF) were seen more often in dogs receiving long preserved grafts than in those receiving immediate graft implantation (P less than 0.05). PMID- 3910077 TI - Graft-versus-leukemia effect following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. PMID- 3910078 TI - Periventricular leukomalacia: marker of cerebral ischaemia in the preterm brain. PMID- 3910079 TI - Perinatal events which precede periventricular haemorrhage and leukomalacia in the newborn. AB - Ultrasound brain scans were obtained daily for the first 5 days after birth, on day 7 and then weekly until discharge from hospital in 86 babies during a 12 month period. The babies weighed less than 1501 g or were less than 34 weeks gestational age. Fifty-one (59%) had normal scans, 34 (40%) developed periventricular haemorrhage, and seven (8%) developed periventricular cysts (associated with periventricular haemorrhage in six). Factors associated with periventricular haemorrhage were perinatal hypoxia, acidosis, hypercapnia and hypoxia after birth. Babies who developed periventricular cysts (periventricular leukomalacia) were more likely to have been hypoxic at birth and in four of the seven there had been a maternal antepartum haemorrhage. The association of perinatal hypoxia with periventricular haemorrhage and leukomalacia suggests that intrapartum events may predispose to the onset of these lesions which then develop postnatally. Prevention of perinatal hypoxia may play an important role in diminishing the disability caused by these conditions. PMID- 3910080 TI - The relation between vaginal pH and the microbiological status in vaginitis. AB - The vaginal pH, microbial flora and presence of clue cells were investigated in 89 women who were seen at a sexually transmitted diseases clinic with a vaginal discharge or because they were contacts of men with gonococcal or non-gonococcal urethritis or because they were seeking a routine examination. None of the women had received antibiotics for at least 4 weeks before examination. A clinically normal vaginal secretion was found in 21 (55%) of 38 women who had a vaginal pH of 5.0-5.5, while such a secretion was found in only 7 (14%) of 51 women who had a pH value of 6.0-7.5. Clue cells, Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasma hominis were found two to three times more often in women with the higher pH value than in those with the lower value and Ureaplasma urealyticum and Trichomonas vaginalis also occurred more frequently in the former group. Furthermore, large numbers of M. hominis organisms (greater than or equal to 10(6) colour changing units/ml) were associated significantly with the higher pH value. However, there was no appreciable difference in the distribution of Candida albicans between the two groups. C. trachomatis but not the other micro-organisms was isolated most often from women who were taking oral contraceptives. The results indicate that a pH of greater than or equal to 6.0 is strongly predictive of infection and may be more useful than the type of discharge in suggesting a need for confirmatory microbiological tests. PMID- 3910081 TI - Distribution of epithelial membrane antigen in normal and abnormal endometrial tissue. AB - The distribution of epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) on normal and abnormal endometrial tissue was studied as a method for distinguishing atypical hyperplasia from adenocarcinoma. Histological sections from 47 patients (nine adenocarcinoma, nine atypical hyperplasia, nine cystic hyperplasia, 19 normal endometrium and one sarcoma) were studied with an immunocytochemical alkaline phosphatase technique that demonstrated EMA. At a dilution of 1:1000 the majority of normal tissue was negative whereas all the abnormal tissue stained positively. At a slightly higher dilution all adenocarcinomas expressed the antigen although only a few of the hyperplastic lesions (16%) stained with the antibody. The value of this approach for automated screening is discussed. PMID- 3910082 TI - Incorporation of biotin-labeled deoxyuridine triphosphate into DNA during excision repair and electron microscopic visualization of repair patches. AB - Biotin-labeled deoxyuridine triphosphate (BiodUTP) has the potential to be a useful affinity probe for studies on DNA repair, if it can be incorporated into DNA repair patches and does not inhibit subsequent steps in the excision repair pathway. We have synthesized BiodUTP by an improved procedure and have used permeable normal human fibroblasts to determine the effect of substituting BiodUTP for thymidine triphosphate on several steps in the excision repair pathway: incision, polymerization, ligation, and nucleosome rearrangement. The results demonstrate that BiodUTP is efficiently incorporated into repair patches and has little or no effect on the repair process. The presence of BiodUMP in ligated repair patches has been used to visualize the repair patches by electron microscopy following incubation with ferritin-labeled avidin. This approach has been used to estimate the maximum size of repair patches induced by ultraviolet radiation. PMID- 3910083 TI - Slow transacylation of peptidyladenosine allows analysis of the 2'/3'-isomer specificity of peptidyltransferase. AB - 2'-O-(N-acetyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-phenylalanyl)adenosine and 3'-O-(N-acetyl-L phenylalanyl-L-phenylalanyl)adenosine (Ac-Phe-Phe-Ado) were chemically synthesized, and these two isomers were clearly separated from each other by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on an ODS column. By this HPLC method, the abundance ratio of the 2'-isomer and 3'-isomer in equilibrium in aqueous solution at pH 7.0 and 0 degrees C was found to be 0.30:0.70, and the equilibration rate was determined as 0.59 +/- 0.04 min-1. Thus, the rate of transacylation between the 2'-isomer and 3'-isomer of peptidyl-tRNA was found to be much slower than that for the two isomers of aminoacyl-tRNA. The HPLC method was used for isomer analysis of the product of the Escherichia coli ribosomal peptidyltransferase reaction. By the use of an isomerizable analogue, 2'(3')-O-L phenylalanyladenosine (Phe-Ado), as the acceptor of the N-acetyl-L [3H]phenylalanine (Ac-[3H]Phe) group in the Ac-[3H]Phe-tRNAPhe.poly(U).70S ribosome system, the reaction product was found exclusively to be the 3'-isomer of Ac-[3H]Phe-Phe-Ado. Thus, the slow transacylation of peptidyladenosine allows the analysis of the 2'/3'-isomer specificity of peptidyltransferase. PMID- 3910084 TI - On the fidelity of DNA replication: manganese mutagenesis in vitro. AB - Manganese is mutagenic in vivo and in vitro in studies with a variety of enzymes and templates. Using Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I with poly[d(A-T)] and phi X174 DNA templates, we analyzed the mechanism of manganese mutagenesis by determining the dependence of error rate on free Mn2+ concentration and comparing this to measured dissociation constants of Mn2+ from enzyme, template, and deoxynucleoside triphosphate substrates. This comparison suggests several conclusions: (1) At very low Mn2+ concentrations, the enzyme is activated at high fidelity. Thus, it is unlikely that activation with manganese per se significantly alters the conformation of the enzyme so as to affect nucleotide selection. (2) At low free Mn2+ concentrations (less than 100 microM), manganese causes errors in incorporation via its interaction with the DNA template. The concentration dependence of mutagenesis is determined by the strength of binding Mn2+ to the particular DNA template used. The data do not allow one to rule out the possibility that Mn2+-deoxynucleoside triphosphate interactions contribute to mutagenesis in selected situations. This range of free Mn2+ concentrations is the one of greatest relevance for in vivo mutagenesis. (3) At higher concentrations (between 500 microM and 1.5 mM), further mutagenesis by Mn2+ occurs. This mutagenesis probably is due either to binding of manganese to single-stranded regions within the DNA or to weak accessory sites on the enzyme. PMID- 3910085 TI - High-resolution differential scanning calorimetric analysis of the subunits of Escherichia coli aspartate transcarbamoylase. AB - The thermal denaturation of the catalytic (c3) and regulatory (r2) subunits of Escherichia coli aspartate transcarbamoylase (c6r6) in the absence and presence of various ligands has been studied by means of highly sensitive differential scanning calorimetry. The denaturation of both types of subunit is irreversible as judged by the facts that the proteins coagulate when heated and that no endotherm is observed when previously scanned protein is rescanned. Despite this apparent irreversibility, there is empirical justification for analyzing the calorimetric data in terms of equilibrium thermodynamics as embodied in the van't Hoff equation. The observed curves of excess apparent specific heat vs. temperature are asymmetric and can be expressed within experimental uncertainty as the sums of sequential two-state steps, a minimum of two steps being required for r2 and three for c3. As previously reported [Vickers, K. P., Donovan, J. W., & Schachman, H. K. (1978) J. Biol. Chem. 253, 8493-8498], the addition of the effectors ATP and CTP raises the denaturation temperature of r2 and lowers that of c3 while the addition of the bisubstrate analogue N-(phosphonoacetyl)-L aspartate raises the denaturation temperature of c3 and lowers that of r2. These effects vary with ligand concentration in the manner expected from the van't Hoff equation, indicating that they are simply manifestations of Le Chatelier's principle rather than being due to "stabilization" or "destabilization" of the proteins. The denaturational enthalpy is increased in those cases of ligand binding in which the denaturation temperature is increased, because of the contribution from the enthalpy of dissociation of the ligand. PMID- 3910086 TI - Cytidine deaminase from Escherichia coli B. Purification and enzymatic and molecular properties. AB - Cytidine deaminase (cytidine aminohydrolase, EC 3.5.4.5) from Escherichia coli has been purified to homogeneity through a rapid and efficient two-step procedure consisting of anion-exchange chromatography followed by preparative electrophoresis. The final preparation is homogeneous, as judged by a single band obtained by disc gel electrophoresis performed in the absence and presence of denaturing agents. The native protein molecular weight determined by gel filtration is 56 000. Sodium dodecyl sulfate disc gel electrophoresis experiments conducted upon previous incubation of the enzyme with dimethyl suberimidate suggest an oligomeric structure of two identical subunits of 33 000 molecular weight. The absorption spectrum of the protein reveals a maximum at 277 nm and a minimum at 255 nm. The isoelectric point is at pH 4.35. Amino acid analysis indicates an excess of acidic amino acid residues as well as six half-cystine residues. No interchain disulfide groups have been evidenced. According to Cleland's nomenclature, kinetic analysis shows a rapid-equilibrium random Uni-Bi mechanism. Cytidine deaminase is competitively inhibited by various nucleosides. Km values for cytidine, deoxycytidine, and 5-methylcytidine are 1.8 X 10(-4), 0.9 X 10(-4), and 12.5 X 10(-4) M, respectively. PMID- 3910087 TI - Thermal denaturation of staphylococcal nuclease. AB - The fully reversible thermal denaturation of staphylococcal nuclease in the absence and presence of Ca2+ and/or thymidine 3',5'-diphosphate (pdTp) from pH 4 to 8 has been studied by high-sensitivity differential scanning calorimetry. In the absence of ligands, the denaturation is accompanied by an enthalpy change of 4.25 cal g-1 and an increase in specific heat of 0.134 cal K-1 g-1, both of which are usual values for small globular proteins. The temperature (tm) of maximal excess specific heat is 53.4 degrees C. Each of the ligands, Ca2+ and pdTp, by itself has important effects on the unfolding of the protein which are enhanced when both ligands are present. Addition of saturating concentrations of these ligands raises the denaturational enthalpy to 5.74 cal g-1 in the case of Ca2+ and to 6.72 cal g-1 in the case of pdTp. The ligands raise the tm by as much as 11 degrees C depending on ligand concentration. From the variation of the denaturational enthalpies with ligand concentrations, binding constants at 53 degrees C equal to 950 M-1 and 1.4 X 10(4) M-1 are estimated for Ca2+ and pdTp, respectively, and from the enthalpies at ligand saturation, binding enthalpies at 53 degrees C of -15.0 and -19.3 kcal mol-1. PMID- 3910088 TI - Purification and characterization of protein synthesis initiation factor eIF-4E from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - A 24 000-dalton protein [yeast eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF-4E)] was purified from yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae postribosomal supernatant by m7GDP agarose affinity chromatography. The protein behaves very similarly to mammalian protein synthesis initiation factor eIF-4E with respect to binding to and elution from m7GDP-agarose columns and cross-linking to oxidized reovirus mRNA cap structures. Yeast eIF-4E is required for translation as shown by the strong and specific inhibition of cell-free translation in a yeast extract by a monoclonal antibody directed against yeast eIF-4E. PMID- 3910089 TI - Cross-linking of streptomycin to the 50S subunit of Escherichia coli with phenyldiglyoxal. AB - [3H]Dihydrostreptomycin was covalently linked to the 50S subunit of Escherichia coli K12A19 with the bifunctional cross-linking reagent phenyldiglyoxal. The cross-linking was abolished under conditions that prevent the specific interaction of streptomycin with the ribosome. The binding primarily involved the ribosomal RNA and also a limited number of proteins, namely, L2, L6, and L17. This suggests that the binding domain for streptomycin is close to the peptidyl transferase center, in the valley between the central protuberance and the wider lateral protuberance of the 50S subunit. This domain faces the binding domain for streptomycin which we have previously characterized on the 30S subunit [Melancon, P., Boileau, G., & Brakier-Gingras, L. (1984) Biochemistry 23, 6697-6703]. Our results indicate that the 50S subunit is involved in the binding of streptomycin to the bacterial ribosome, in addition to the 30S subunit which is generally considered as the specific target of the antibiotic. They are consistent with the occurrence of a single binding site for streptomycin on the ribosome, comprised of regions of both subunits. PMID- 3910090 TI - Diverse properties of external and internal forms of yeast invertase derived from the same gene. AB - It has been shown by genetic analysis that the external and internal invertases from Saccharomyces cerevisiae share a common structural gene [Taussig, R., & Carlson, M. (1983) Nucleic Acids Res. 11, 1943-1954]. However, the only amino acid composition of these two forms of invertase reported to date has revealed extensive differences [Gascon, S., Neumann, N.P., & Lampen, J.O. (1968) J. Biol. Chem. 243, 1573-1577]. We have found from amino acid analyses of both enzymes and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel analysis of their cyanogen bromide peptides that they are most likely identical in their amino acid sequence. However, the invertases exhibit dramatically different physical properties, particularly in their stability. The most striking difference was in their renaturation following guanidine treatment where it was shown that inactivated external invertase could be renatured completely. Endo-beta-N acetylglucosaminidase H treated external invertase was restored to 40% of its original activity while internal invertase remained completely inactive. The observed differences may be attributed to the presence and absence of the oligosaccharide moiety in the external and internal invertases, respectively. PMID- 3910091 TI - Peroxidase-catalyzed N-demethylation reactions: deuterium solvent isotope effects. AB - The effect of D2O on the kinetic parameters for the hydroperoxide-supported N demethylation of N,N-dimethylaniline catalyzed by chloroperoxidase and horseradish peroxidase was investigated in order to assess the roles of exchangeable hydrogens in the demethylation reaction. The initial rate of the chloroperoxidase-catalyzed N-demethylation of N,N-dimethylaniline supported by ethyl hydroperoxide exhibited a pL optimum (where L denotes H or D) of 4.5 in both H2O and D2O. The solvent isotope effect on the initial rate of the chloroperoxidase-catalyzed demethylation reaction was independent of pL, suggesting that the solvent isotope effect is not due to a change in the pK of a rate-controlling ionization in D2O. The solvent isotope effect on the Vmax for the chloroperoxidase-catalyzed demethylation reaction was 3.66 +/- 0.62. In contrast, the solvent isotope effect on the Vmax for the horseradish peroxidase catalyzed demethylation reaction was approximately 1.5 with either ethyl hydroperoxide or hydrogen peroxide as the oxidant, indicating that the exchange of hydrogens in the enzyme and hydroperoxide for deuterium in D2O has little effect on the rate of the demethylation reaction. The solvent isotope effect on the Vmax/KM for ethyl hydroperoxide in the chloroperoxidase-catalyzed demethylation reaction was 8.82 +/- 1.57, indicating that the rate of chloroperoxidase compound I formation is substantially decreased in D2O. This isotope effect is suggested to arise from deuterium exchange of the hydroperoxide hydrogen and of active-site residues involved in compound I formation. A solvent isotope effect of 2.96 +/- 0.57 was observed on the Vmax/KM for N,N dimethylaniline in the chloroperoxidase-catalyzed reaction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3910093 TI - Kinetic studies of Escherichia coli elongation factor Tu-guanosine 5' triphosphate-aminoacyl-tRNA complexes. AB - A new method for measuring the dissociation rate of the Escherichia coli elongation factor Tu-GTP--aminoacyl-tRNA complex has been developed and applied to the determination of the dissociation rates of ternary complexes formed between E. coli EF-Tu-GTP and a set of E. coli aminoacyl-tRNAs. The set of aminoacyl-tRNAs includes at least one tRNA coding for each of the 20 amino acids as well as purified isoacceptor tRNA species for arginine, glycine, leucine, lysine, and tyrosine. The results reveal that the dissociation rates vary for each ternary complex. Tu-GTP-Gln-tRNA dissociates the slowest and Tu-GTP-Val-tRNA the fastest of all noninitiator ternary complexes at 4 degrees C, pH 7.4. The equilibrium dissociation constant for Tu-GTP-Thr-tRNA has been determined to be 1.3 (0.4) X 10(-9) M under identical reaction conditions, and the absolute value of the equilibrium dissociation constant has been calculated for 28 ternary complexes from the relative equilibrium dissociation constant ratios previously measured [Louie, A., Ribeiro, N. S., Reid, B. R., & Jurnak, F. (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 5010-5016]. The association rate of each ternary complex has been estimated from the ratio of the dissociation rate relative to the equilibrium dissociation constant. Tu-GTP-His-tRNA associates the fastest and Tu-GTP-Leu tRNA1Leu the slowest. By inclusion of Tu-GTP-Met-tRNAfMet in the studies, evidence has been obtained that suggests that the initiator ternary complex does not function in the elongation cycle because the dissociation rate of the complex is very fast. PMID- 3910092 TI - Fluorine NMR studies on stereochemical aspects of reactions catalyzed by transcarboxylase, pyruvate kinase, and enzyme I. AB - The stereochemistry of the transcarboxylase-catalyzed carboxylation of 3 fluoropyruvate has been studied by using fluorine NMR of unpurified reaction mixtures. When the product 3-fluorooxaloacetate was trapped by using malate dehydrogenase, only the 2R,3R diastereomer of 3-fluoromalate was formed. The fluoromethyl group of fluoropyruvate does not take up deuterium label from the solvent during the reaction. These results confirm and extend those obtained previously by Walsh and co-workers [Goldstein, J. A., Cheung, Y. F., Marletta, M. A., & Walsh, C. (1978) Biochemistry 17, 5567-5575] showing that transcarboxylase is specific for one of the two prochiral hydrogens in fluoropyruvate. Transcarboxylase, coupled to malate dehydrogenase, has been used to analyze samples of chiral fluoropyruvate obtained by dephosphorylation of (Z) fluorophosphoenolpyruvate in D2O in the presence of either pyruvate kinase or enzyme I from the Escherichia coli sugar transport systems. Analysis of the fluoromalate produced showed that fluoroenolpyruvate is deuterated from opposite faces by these two enzymes: enzyme I protonates (deuterates) fluoroenolpyruvate exclusively from the 2-re face and pyruvate kinase does so mainly from the 2-si face. Fluoropyruvate is carboxylated by transcarboxylase with absolute retention of configuration. PMID- 3910094 TI - Yeast fatty acid synthase: structure to function relationship. AB - The yeast fatty acid synthase is a multifunctional enzyme composed of two nonidentical subunits in an alpha 6 beta 6 complex that is active in synthesizing fatty acids. The seven catalytic activities required for fatty acid synthesis are divided between the alpha and beta subunits such that the alpha 6 beta 6 complex has six complements of each activity. It has been proposed that these are organized into six centers for fatty acid synthesis. There are different opinions regarding the operation of these centers in the alpha 6 beta 6 complex, on view being that they are functionally independent and the other proposes half-sites activity for the complex. We have attempted to distinguish between these proposals by the most direct method of active site titration, i.e., quantitation of fatty acyl product in the absence of turnover. This was accomplished by using p-nitrophenyl thioacetate and thiophenyl malonate (in place of the coenzyme A analogues) as substrates along with NADPH, thereby depriving the yeast synthase of coenzyme A required to release product as fatty acyl coenzyme A. The amount of fatty acyl product formed was quantitated by gas-liquid chromatography, as well as by direct estimation of radioactivity in the product when p-nitrophenyl thio [1-14C] acetate was used as a substrate. In both cases, a stoichiometry of close to six was found for mole of fatty acid synthesized per mole of alpha 6 beta 6 complex. This indicates that there are six functional centers for fatty acid synthesis in the multifunctional yeast alpha 6 beta 6 fatty acid synthase and that these centers operate independently.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3910095 TI - Biological activity and conformational isomerism in position 9 analogues of the des-1-tryptophan,3-beta-cyclohexylalanine-alpha-factor from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - Analogues of the des-1-tryptophan,3-beta-cyclohexylalanine-alpha-factor of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, where the glycyl residue of position 9 was replaced by D-Ala, L-Ala, D-Leu, and L-Leu, were synthesized and evaluated by morphogenesis assays and circular dichroism spectroscopy. Synthesis was accomplished in solution phase with mixed anhydrides and p-nitrophenyl active esters as the coupling agents. All crude dodecapeptides were purified to greater than 98% homogeneity by preparative high-performance liquid chromatography on a reversed phase column. The Gly9, D-Ala9, and D-Leu9 analogues elicited morphogenic alterations in MATa strains of S. cerevisiae at concentrations of 1-2 micrograms/mL and exhibited similar CD patterns in both trifluoroethanol and tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane buffer, pH 7.4. In contrast, the L-Ala9 and L Leu9 analogues were more than 200 times less active in the morphogenesis assay and had markedly different CD spectra. These results demonstrate that the position 9 residue plays an important role in determining the biological activity and solution conformation of alpha-factor. We suggest the presence of a type II beta-turn in the Lys7-Gln10 region when the alpha-factor assumes its biologically active conformation. PMID- 3910096 TI - L-alanosine: a noncooperative substrate for Escherichia coli aspartate transcarbamylase. AB - L-Alanosine, an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces alanosinicus, can be used by Escherichia coli aspartate transcarbamylase as a substrate instead of L aspartate. The Michaelis constant of the catalytic subunit for this analogue is about 10 times higher than that for the physiological substrate, and the catalytic constant is about 30 times lower. The saturation curve of the native enzyme for L-alanosine indicates the lack of homotropic cooperative interactions between the catalytic sites for the utilization of this compound. It appears therefore that L-alanosine is unable to promote the allosteric transition. However, N-(phosphonoacetyl)-L-aspartate, a "bisubstrate analogue" of the physiological substrates, stimulates the reaction. This phenomenon is very similar to that reported by Foote and Lipscomb [Foote, J., & Lipscomb, W. N. (1981) J. Biol. Chem. 256, 11428-11433] concerning the reverse reaction using carbamylaspartate. The reaction is normally sensitive to the physiological effectors ATP and CTP. The significance of these results for the mechanism of the allosteric regulation is discussed. PMID- 3910097 TI - Reaction of serine proteases with substituted 3-alkoxy-4-chloroisocoumarins and 3 alkoxy-7-amino-4-chloroisocoumarins: new reactive mechanism-based inhibitors. AB - The time-dependent inactivation of several serine proteases including human leukocyte elastase, cathepsin G, rat mast cell proteases I and II, and human skin chymase by a number of 3-alkoxy-4-chloroisocoumarins, 3-alkoxy-4-chloro-7 nitroisocoumarins, and 3-alkoxy-7-amino-4-chloroisocoumarins at pH 7.5 and the inactivation of several trypsin-like enzymes including human thrombin and factor XIIa by 7-amino-4-chloro-3-ethoxyisocoumarin and 4-chloro-3-ethoxyisocoumarin are reported. The 3-alkoxy substituent of the isocoumarin is likely interacting with the S1 subsite of the enzyme since the most reactive inhibitor for a particular enzyme had a 3-substituent complementary to the enzyme's primary substrate specificity site (S1). Inactivation of several enzymes including human leukocyte elastase by the 3-alkoxy-7-amino-4-chlorisocoumarins is irreversible, and less than 3% activity is regained upon extensive dialysis of the inactivated enzyme. Addition of hydroxylamine to enzymes inactivated by the 3-alkoxy-7-amino-4 chloroisocoumarins results in a slow (t1/2 greater than 6.7 h) and incomplete (32 57%) regain in enzymatic activity at pH 7.5. Inactivation by the 3-alkoxy-4 chloroisocoumarins and 3-alkoxy-4-chloro-7-nitroisocoumarins on the other hand is transient, and full enzyme activity is regained rapidly either upon standing, after dialysis, or upon the addition of buffered hydroxylamine. The rate of inactivation by the substituted isocoumarins is decreased when substrates or reversible inhibitors are present in the incubation mixture, which indicates active site involvement. The inactivation rates are dependent upon the pH of the reaction mixture, the isocoumarin ring system is opened concurrently with inactivation, and the reaction of 3-alkoxy-7-amino-4-chloroisocoumarins with porcine pancreatic elastase is shown to be stoichiometric. The results are consistent with a scheme where 3-alkoxy-7-amino-4-chloroisocoumarins react with the active site serine of a serine protease to give an acyl enzyme in which a reactive quinone imine methide can be released. Irreversible inactivation could then occur upon alkylation of an active site nucleophile (probably histidine-57) by the acyl quinone imine methide. The finding that hydroxylamine slowly catalyzes partial reactivation indicates that several inactivated enzyme species may exist. The 3-alkoxy-substituted 4-chloroisocoumarins and 4-chloro-7 nitroisocoumarins are simple acylating agents and do not give stable inactivated enzyme structures.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3910098 TI - Mechanism of inactivation of Escherichia coli ribonucleotide reductase by 2' chloro-2'-deoxyuridine 5'-diphosphate: evidence for generation of a 2'-deoxy-3' ketonucleotide via a net 1,2 hydrogen shift. AB - Sodium borohydride or ethanethiol protects the Escherichia coli ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase (RDPR) from inactivation by 2'-chloro-2'-deoxyuridine 5' diphosphate (ClUDP). Incubation of [3'-3H]ClUDP with RDPR in the presence of NaBH4 allowed trapping of [3H]-2'-deoxy-3'-ketouridine 5'-diphosphate. Degradation of the reduced ketone by a combination of enzymatic and chemical methods indicated that the hydrogen originally present in the 3'-position of ClUDP is transferred to the beta-face of the 2'-position of 2'-deoxy-3'-keto-UDP. RDPR therefore catalyzes a net 1,2 hydrogen shift. Incubation of RDPR with ClUDP in the presence of ethanethiol allowed trapping of 2-methylene-3(2H)-furanone, the species responsible for inactivation of RDPR. Trapped 2-[(ethylthio)methyl] 3(2H)-furanone was identical by 1H NMR spectroscopy with material synthesized chemically. Both subunits of the enzyme are covalently radiolabeled in the reaction of RDPR with [5'-3H]ClUDP. Studies with [3'-3H]ClUDP and prereduced RDPR in the absence of a reductant and with oxidized RDPR indicated that the redox active thiols of the B1 subunit are not involved in inactivation of the enzyme by ClUDP. PMID- 3910099 TI - 1H-15N heteronuclear NMR studies of Escherichia coli thioredoxin in samples isotopically labeled by residue type. AB - Ten samples of Escherichia coli thioredoxin were individually isotopically enriched by residue type via growth of an appropriate auxotrophic strain on media supplemented with one 2H, 15N-enriched amino acid. 1H observe-heteronuclear decoupling experiments were conducted on these samples making use of the 95-Hz 1H 15N amide J1 coupling. Subtraction of near-resonance from off-resonance 15N decoupled spectra generated difference patterns corresponding only to protons directly bonded to 15N nuclei. For the ten different enriched residue types observed to date, every labeled position (60) has been observed as a resolved resonance. The spectral dispersion in both the 1H and the 15N dimensions was roughly 1500 Hz (at 500-MHz field strength) with rather little apparent dependence on residue type. With the exception of the glycine-enriched sample, the range of the J1 coupling constants was not much greater than the precision of the measurements (1.5-2.0 Hz). However, for the glycine residues the J1 amide coupling values varied over a range of 10 Hz. PMID- 3910100 TI - Modification of Escherichia coli ribosomes with the fluorescent reagent N [[(iodoacetyl)amino]ethyl]-5-naphthylamine-1-sulfonic acid. Identification of derivatized L31' and studies on its intraribosomal properties. AB - N-[[(Iodoacetyl)amino]ethyl]-5-naphthylamine-1-sulfonic acid (IAEDANS) is a fluorescent reagent which reacts covalently with the free thiol groups of proteins. When the reagent is reacted with the Escherichia coli ribosome under mild conditions, gel electrophoresis shows modification of predominantly two proteins, S18 and L31', which become labeled to an equal extent. When the native (i.e., untreated) ribosome is dissociated into 30S and 50S subunits, only the 30S ribosomal protein S18 reacts with IAEDANS despite the fact that L31' is still present on the large subunit. Upon heat activation of the subunits, a procedure which alters subunit conformation, S18 plus a number of higher molecular weight proteins is modified, but not L31'; the latter reacts with IAEDANS only in the 70S ribosome or when it is free. In contrast to the relatively stable association of L31' with native or with dissociated ribosomes, dissociation of N [(acetylamino)ethyl]-5-naphthylaminesulfonic acid (AEDANS)-treated ribosomes weakens the AEDANS-L31'/ribosome interaction, resulting, upon gel filtration analysis, in ribosomes devoid of this derivatized protein. PMID- 3910101 TI - In vitro conversion of a methionine to a glutamine-acceptor tRNA. AB - A derivative of Escherichia coli tRNAfMet containing an altered anticodon sequence, CUA, has been enzymatically synthesized in vitro. The variant tRNA was prepared by excision of the normal anticodon, CAU, in a limited digestion of intact tRNAfMet with RNase A, followed by insertion of the CUA sequence into the anticodon loop with T4 RNA ligase and polynucleotide kinase. The altered methionine tRNA showed a large enhancement in the rate of aminoacylation by glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase and a large decrease in the rate of aminoacylation by methionyl-tRNA synthetase. Measurement of kinetic parameters for the charging reaction by the cognate and noncognate enzymes revealed that the modified tRNA is a better acceptor for glutamine than for methionine. The rate of mischarging is similar to that previously reported for a tryptophan amber suppressor tRNA containing the anticodon CUA, su+7 tRNATrp, which is aminoacylated with glutamine both in vivo and in vitro [Yaniv, M., Folk, W. R., Berg, P., & Soll, L. (1974) J. Mol. Biol. 86, 245-260; Yarus, M., Knowlton, R. E., & Soll, L. (1977) in Nucleic Acid-Protein Recognition (Vogel, H., Ed.) pp 391-408, Academic Press, New York]. The present results provide additional evidence that the specificity of aminoacylation by glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase is sensitive to small changes in the nucleotide sequence of noncognate tRNAs and that uridine in the middle position of the anticodon is involved in the recognition of tRNA substrates by this enzyme. PMID- 3910102 TI - Glycosylation and posttranslational maturation of glycoproteins in embryonal carcinomas: identification of two distinct pools of high-mannose glycans. AB - Embryonal carcinomas and early embryonic cells assemble a family of unusually large and complex carbohydrates. These glycans contain large amounts of the sugars galactose and N-acetylglucosamine and are decorated with fucose, sulfate, and sialic acids. We show that, by their sensitivity to inhibition by tunicamycin and by their resistance to cleavage by alkaline hydrolysis, in teratocarcinoma stem cells the expression of these glycans is on asparagine-linked cores. These glycans are part of the large spectrum of glycans that are assembled on mannose cores derived from a common, lipid-linked precursor glycan. We examined the fate of this precursor glycan after its transfer to protein and found that there are two distinct pools of protein-linked, high-mannose glycans, which can be distinguished on the basis of their rate of processing. One pool is processed rapidly to provide a wide spectrum of complex-type glycans. This processing occurs efficiently with little evidence of intermediate structures. The other, larger pool remains unprocessed, beyond glucose removal, at a time when complex type glycans cease to accumulate. In contrast, high-mannose glycans are relatively minor components of the glycans labeled during long-term, continuous labeling, and in this situation they are processed to provide a spectrum of trimmed glycans. PMID- 3910103 TI - Purification of nuclear and mitochondrial uracil-DNA glycosylase from rat liver. Identification of two distinct subcellular forms. AB - Rat liver uracil-DNA glycosylase has been purified from nuclear extracts over 3000-fold to apparent homogeneity as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The enzyme is a monomeric protein with a polypeptide molecular weight of approximately 35 000. It has a native molecular weight of 33 000 as determined by gel filtration chromatography and a sedimentation coefficient of 2.6 S in glycerol gradients. The nuclear enzyme has an alkaline pH optimum and a pI value of 9.3. Nuclear uracil-DNA glycosylase catalyzes the release of free uracil from both single-stranded and double stranded DNA with the former being the preferred substrate. The enzyme is unable to recognize dUTP, dUMP, or poly(dA-dT) containing a 3'-terminal uracil residue as a substrate. However, internalization of terminal uracil residues by limited chain elongation produced a substrate for the glycosylase. Another species of uracil-DNA glycosylase has been partially purified from mitochondria. This activity differs from the nuclear enzyme in that it has (i) distinctive chromatographic properties, (ii) a lower native molecular weight of 20 000 as determined by molecular sieving, (iii) a distinct NaCl inhibition profile, and (iv) a longer half-life during thermal denaturation. PMID- 3910104 TI - Primary structures of ribosomal protein YS25 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its counterparts from Schizosaccharomyces pombe and rat liver. AB - Protein YS25 and its counterparts, SP-S28 and rat S21 [nomenclature according to Sherton, C. C., & Wool, I. G. (1972) J. Biol. Chem. 247, 4460-4467], from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, and rat liver cytoplasmic ribosomes, respectively, were sequenced by a combination of various enzymatic digestions and/or chemical cleavage. Proteins YS25 and SP-S28 consist of 87 amino acid residues, and rat S21 consists of 83. The amino termini are all N alpha acetylated. The amino-terminal halves of the protein molecules are highly conserved (73-85% homologies) in contrast to the carboxy-terminal parts. Overall, rat S21 is 54% homologous to YS25 and 57% to SP-S28, despite a 76% homology between YS25 and SP-S28. Direct comparison with the available prokaryotic ribosomal protein sequences did not reveal any significant homology. PMID- 3910106 TI - Incorporation of membrane proteins into interfacial films: model membranes for electrical and structural characterization. PMID- 3910105 TI - Distribution patterns for 5-methylcytosine among apurinic DNAs from several sources. AB - Purified DNA from the liver of rats, mice, rabbits, and guinea pigs, from guinea pig lymph nodes, from hyperplastic nodules induced in rat liver by feeding with 2 (acetylamino)fluorene, and from Escherichia coli cells was made apurinic by reaction with diphenylamine. After chromatographic separation of pyrimidine tracts (isostichs or isoplyths) according to the number of contiguous pyrimidines, semilog plots of tract frequency vs. the number of contiguous pyrimidines were linear, plots for DNA from several sources differed from one another, and all deviated significantly from randomness. Similar semilog plots for coding sequences among 60 mammalian genomes or 28 rat tissue genomes were intermediate among slopes for isolated DNA. Individual isostichs were hydrolyzed, and their constituent pyrimidine bases were analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Among isostichs from isolated DNAs, the distribution of Thy and Cyt contents differed markedly from the distribution of 5-methylcytosine (5-Me Cyt); e.g., although isostich 1 contained 45-49% of 5-Me-Cyt, amounts of Thy or Cyt did not exceed 25%. Semilog plots of normalized values for tract frequency or the content of 5-Me-Cyt vs. isostich number were essentially superimposable; thus, among the first five pyrimidine tracts of a particular tissue or E. coli DNA, the number of tracts per 5-Me-Cyt moiety was essentially constant. The data showed that 5-Me-Cyt and/or dCyd-dGuo dinucleotides have a distribution throughout DNA structure that superimposes the distribution of pyrimidine tract frequency and suggests that regulatory 5-Me-Cyt moieties are principally located at 3' termini of pyrimidine tracts. PMID- 3910107 TI - Molecular biology, biochemistry and bioenergetics of fumarate reductase, a complex membrane-bound iron-sulfur flavoenzyme of Escherichia coli. PMID- 3910108 TI - Determination of protein structures from nuclear magnetic resonance data using a restrained molecular dynamics approach: the lac repressor DNA binding domain. AB - A procedure is described to determine from NMR data the three-dimensional structure of biomolecules. This procedure combines model building with a restrained Molecular Dynamics algorithm, in which distance information from NOEs is incorporated in the form of pseudo potentials. The method has been applied to the N-terminal DNA-binding domain or "headpiece" (amino acids 1-51) of the lac repressor from E. coli, for which no crystal structure is available. The spatial structure of the headpiece is discussed in terms of known physical and biochemical data and of its DNA binding properties. PMID- 3910109 TI - Use of synthetic oligonucleotides in gene isolation and manipulation. AB - Great progress has occurred in the techniques of synthesis of DNA molecules of defined sequences in terms of speed, length of the obtained oligonucleotides, and automation of the processes. Corresponding progress also occurred in the ways of using synthetic DNA in molecular biology and recombinant DNA research. Screening of cloned DNA sequence banks with long, unique oligonucleotides, provided a new approach to isolate the genes for proteins which are present in very small quantity. This technique can present considerable advantages over the more classical use of mixtures of oligonucleotides, in reducing the number of potentially positive clones on a primary screen, and enabling cloning with a minimum of amino acid sequence data. Synthetic oligonucleotides also provide the basis of a set of techniques for site-directed mutagenesis of DNA sequences. This allows the possibility of engineering the structure of particular proteins, and the properties of new variants can be tested by expressing the protein in a heterologous host. An example of this approach is the production of variants of human alpha 1-antitrypsin. A variant where valine replaces the methionine at the active site is equally active as an antielastase, but no longer susceptible to oxidative inactivation. A second variant, where arginine replaces the methionine, now functions as an antithrombin, but no longer inhibits elastase. Total gene synthesis is now feasible for larger and larger genes, and some of the recent strategies of whole gene synthesis are presented. PMID- 3910110 TI - Engineering of tyrosyl tRNA synthetase. AB - The gene encoding the enzyme tyrosyl tRNA synthetase from Bacillus stearothermophilus has been systematically altered using synthetic oligonucleotides as mutagens. The construction of mutations has been facilitated by using strains of bacteria defective in mismatch repair and also by utilising a genetic marker in the M13 strain (such as an amber mutation, or an EcoK or EcoB site) which allows selection for the progeny of M13 replication derived from the minus (mutagenized) strand. Several mutations have been constructed in the ATP binding site to elucidate the roles of individual residues in catalysis and substrate binding and it has even been possible to construct mutants which have improved affinity for ATP. Mutations in various surface lysine and arginine residues have allowed us to identify potential contacts with the tRNA, and indicate that a cluster of basic residues close to the C-terminus of the enzyme probably makes important interactions with the tRNA. PMID- 3910111 TI - Oligodeoxynucleotides covalently linked to intercalating agents: a new class of gene regulatory substances. AB - Oligodeoxynucleotides have been covalently linked to a 9-aminoacridine derivative via their 3'-phosphate group. Specific complexes are formed with the complementary sequence of the oligonucleotide. The stability is strongly increased due to intercalation of the acridine derivative. Absorption, fluorescence, nuclear magnetic resonance and circular dichroism have been used to characterize complex formation. The stability of the complexes depends on the length of the linker between the acridine derivative and the 3'-phosphate group of the oligonucleotide. Oligonucleotides covalently linked to an intercalating agent can be used to selectively control gene expression. Transcription initiation can be blocked when such an oligonucleotide binds to the transcribed strand in the open complex formed by E. coli RNA polymerase with the bla promoter. With some oligonucleotides, non-specific effects on transcription can be detected, most probably due to binding of the modified oligonucleotide to RNA polymerase. Translation of the messenger RNA from gene 32 of phage T4 can be prevented by using an oligonucleotide complementary to the sequence upstream from the Shine-Dalgarno sequence. Inhibition of translation does not occur in the absence of the intercalating agent covalently linked to the oligonucleotide nor with oligonucleotides which do not have a target sequence on the mRNA. PMID- 3910112 TI - A modified two primer approach to oligonucleotide-directed in vitro mutagenesis. AB - Using oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis, we are trying to define the features of the protein structure that are important for the DNA and c-AMP binding by CAP from E. coli, the enzymic activity and putative DNA binding of dihydrofolate reductase of L. casei, and the functionally important regions of the self splicing RNA of the r-RNA intron of Tetrahymena thermophila. We have used a modification of the method described by Norris et al. [1]. A mutagenic primer and an M13 universal sequencing primer are annealed simultaneously to a template from an M13 clone containing the DNA to be mutagenised and, after DNA strand extension, the fragment is cut out and recloned into either M13 or plasmid vectors. We have analysed the effect on the frequency of mutation of: the temperature used for strand extension; the class of base change attempted; the host mismatch repair system. A recently developed system for phenotypic detection of mutations in the Tetrahymena intron aided in determining mutation frequencies. PMID- 3910113 TI - Repair of DNA alkylation adducts in mammalian cells. AB - Carcinogenic alkylating agents, including nitrosamines, are able to alkylate DNA at various sites. This review presents evidence of the high degree of specificity in the type of DNA damage induced by various N-nitroso compounds and in the DNA repair processes among tissues or cells of different species. The O6-alkylguanine DNA alkyltransferase activity in various human and rodent tissues is discussed as well as the detection of O6-methylguanine in human DNA, using monoclonal antibodies and radioimmunoassay. The relevance of these findings to the mechanisms of cancer induction by nitrosamines is discussed. PMID- 3910114 TI - [Simple compounds with high pharmacologic potential: beta-carbolines. Origins, syntheses, biological properties]. AB - We reviewed the origins, the synthetic pathways and the biological properties of beta-carbolines, the condensation products of tryptophan and indole alkylamines with aldehydes. They were found in many plants, some of which have been used as hallucinogens. They also occur as minor constituents in tobacco smoke. In mammalian body, beta-carboline derivatives occur normally in plasma, platelets and urine, moreover it seems that some are formed in human body after alcohol intake. Due to interesting biological effects described in recent years (inhibition of monoamine oxidase, binding to benzodiazepine receptors, comutagenic and carcinogenic properties, 5-hydroxy tryptamine uptake inhibition), many attempts were made to prepare beta-carbolines starting from various indole derivatives. We reviewed the published methods up to 1975 and summarized the main patents related with pharmacological properties of synthetic beta-carbolines. PMID- 3910115 TI - [Characterization of gamma-glutamylamidase-glutaminase activity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae]. AB - In a foregoing paper we have shown the presence in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae of an enzyme catalyzing the hydrolysis of L-gamma-glutamyl-p nitroanilide, but apparently distinct from gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase. The cellular level of this enzyme was not regulated by the nature of the nitrogen source supplied to the yeast cell. Purification was attempted, using ion exchange chromatography on DEAE Sephadex A 50, salt precipitations and successive chromatographies on DEAE Sephadex 6B and Sephadex G 100. The apparent molecular weight of the purified enzyme was 14,800 as determined by gel filtration. As shown by kinetic studies and thin layer chromatography, the enzyme preparation exhibited only hydrolytic activity against gamma-glutamylarylamide and L glutamine with an optimal pH of about seven. Various gamma-glutamylaminoacids, amides, dipeptides and glutathione were inactive as substrates and no transferase activity was detected. The yeast gamma-glutamylarylamidase was activated by SH protective agents, dithiothreitol and reduced glutathione. Oxidized glutathione, ophtalmic acid and various gamma-glutamylaminoacids inhibited competitively the enzyme. The activity was also inhibited by L-gamma-glutamyl-o (carboxy)phenylhydrazide and the couple serine-borate, both transition-state analogs of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase. Diazooxonorleucine, reactive analog of glutamine, inactivated the enzyme. The physiological role of yeast gamma glutamylarylamidase-glutaminase is still undefined but is most probably unrelated to the bulk assimilation of glutamine by yeast cells. PMID- 3910116 TI - Biofeedback-assisted relaxation: effects on phagocytic capacity. AB - The purpose of this study was to investigate whether subjects who self-report high levels of stress have lower immunity, and whether "low"-immunity subjects under "high" stress could enhance phagocytic activity through biofeedback assisted relaxation (BAR). During Phase 1, the level of stress and the level of phagocytic immune functioning (nitroblue tetrazolium test) were assessed as "high" or "low." Significant chi-square analysis (chi 2 = 3.8624, df = 1, p less than .05) showed that subjects with "high" stress had "low" immunity. Sixteen "high"-stress, "low"-immunity subjects were randomly assigned to BAR and control groups during Phase 2. Following treatment, NBT changes showed significant increases (F = 11.11, p less than .003) for experimental group as compared to control group. White blood cell count and white blood cell differential were unchanged across blood samples for both groups. Experimental subjects reported significant decreases in tension-anxiety and increases in overall coping. BAR was concluded to have improved coping skills and phagocytic capacity. BAR affected the quality, rather than the quantity, of phagocytic neutrophils. PMID- 3910117 TI - Reduction in headache patients' medical expenses associated with biofeedback and relaxation treatments. AB - Comparisons are made of self-reported medical costs from a sample of headache patients who underwent various combinations of relaxation training and biofeedback training. The average costs for the 2 years prior to self-regulatory treatment were $955 +/- 480 (3 SEM) for 45 patients; for the 2 years after completing treatment the average costs were $52 +/- 28 (3 SEM) for patients. Within the limitations of the study, medical costs do seem to have been markedly reduced. PMID- 3910118 TI - Biofeedback and relaxation treatments for headache in the elderly: a caution and a challenge. AB - Results for 11 older (60 years or greater) headache patients treated with combinations of biofeedback and relaxation are presented. Overall, only 18.2% were clinically improved after treatment. None of the 5 tension headache patients were improved. Suggestions for future work with the older headache patient are offered. PMID- 3910119 TI - Bronchiolar epithelial lesions in spontaneously breathing premature newborn rabbits. AB - Premature rabbit neonates were stimulated to breathe for time periods varying between 5 and 150 min. The distribution of bronchiolar epithelial lesions was determined morphometrically. Animals breathing for 5-10 min had no lesions. Focal necrosis and desquamation of bronchiolar epithelium were found in 36 of 46 animals breathing for 15-150 min. These lesions were similar to those previously observed in premature rabbit neonates after a few minutes of artificial ventilation. PMID- 3910120 TI - Reaction of the chromatoid body with a monoclonal antibody to a rat histocompatibility antigen. AB - The monoclonal antibody OX3 against a polymorphic class II antigen encoded by the major histocompatibility locus of the rat has been shown to cross-react with the chromatoid body during spermatogenesis. Using an indirect immunofluorescence assay on frozen, fixed testis sections, the antibody revealed a pattern of fluorescent speckling that correlated with specific stages of spermatogenesis. The positive material first appeared in late pachytene spermatocytes as multiple small spots. Larger dots appeared in all regions containing round spermatids, but, as the spermatids matured, only fine dots were seen. Mature spermatids were negative, as were all early cells (spermatogonia to early pachytene spermatocytes). When suspension of fixed testicular cells were tested, the activity was clearly associated with the chromatoid body adjacent to the nucleus in round spermatids and with multiple smaller structures encircling the nucleus in primary spermatocytes. These associations were confirmed in observations on immature testes at various ages. No reactivity was seen in testes of animals whose testes had previously been irradiated to render them aspermatogenic, nor in grc/grc rats in which spermatogenesis is arrested at the primary spermatocyte stage. Because the expression of this reactivity was seen even in rats that do not express the OX3 antigen on their somatic cells, this antibody should prove useful in determining the structure of this body, its origin and fate, and any possible role it may have in spermiogenesis. PMID- 3910121 TI - Gonadotropin-releasing hormone release by superfused hypothalami in response to norepinephrine. AB - We have been studying the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) from adult male rat medial basal hypothalamus (MBH) utilizing a continuous flow superfusion system. This model system allows for direct application of modifying substances into the superfusion chambers and for continuous collection of effluent for radioimmunoassay of GnRH levels. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone is rapidly released in response to specific chemical stimuli. As demonstrated by others, pulses of KCl or prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) result in sharp peaks of GnRH release followed by rapid return to baseline. Forty millimolar KCl increases [GnRH] 3- to 4-fold, consistent with a membrane-associated secretory process for GnRH release. A 50-micrograms bolus of PGE2 results in a 2-fold rise in GnRH. Norepinephrine stimulates the release of GnRH in a log-linear dose-dependent manner in the range of 10(-9) to 10(-5) M norepinephrine (NE). At 10(-11) M, NE does not increase GnRH release above baseline, whereas at 10(-9) M NE GnRH release is increased 2-fold. The alpha-receptor blocker phentolamine significantly inhibits the NE-induced rise in GnRH. Propranolol, a beta adrenergic receptor blocker, does not inhibit the GnRH response to NE. This study demonstrates a direct, dose-dependent, alpha-mediated stimulatory effect of NE on GnRH release from superfused male rat MBH, and establishes the potential of this system for the investigation of the GnRH response to other aminergic agents and their extraneural modifiers, including steroid hormones. PMID- 3910122 TI - Cross-fostering of voles demonstrates in utero effect of photoperiod. AB - Postweaning body growth and reproductive tract weight of montane voles raised from birth in 14 h light/day are modulated by the photoperiod to which the voles' mothers were exposed while pregnant. This effect could result from factors acting in utero or during lactation, as a result of a change in photoperiod experienced by the mother on the day she gave birth. To distinguish between these hypotheses, male voles exposed to short or long photoperiods during gestation were raised by foster mothers that had been exposed to different photoperiods while pregnant. The differences in body weight, total length, and reproductive tract weight between voles at 74 days of age can be attributed to factors acting in utero. The effects of the gestational photoperiod are not manifested in the patterns of growth until after weaning. PMID- 3910123 TI - Structure and properties of methacrylate based dental restorative materials. AB - The chemistry and structure of the dimethacrylate resins and the nature of the filler systems in dental composite resins are reviewed in relation to their influence on the setting behaviour, dimensional stability, aesthetics, fracture behaviour and adhesive potential. It is clear that a deeper understanding of the structure of the polymeric matrix and the mechanism of clinical wear is required. As a result of ongoing research in this area and with the development of dentine adhesives, the future prospects of composite resins are encouraging. PMID- 3910124 TI - Principles of burn dressings. AB - Throughout history burn wounds have been treated by covering with dressings of many different materials. The successful application of a burn dressing remains an objective for biomaterial development. This paper examines how the burn wound differs from other skin injuries, the requirements of the ideal burn wound dressing, and reviews the type of dressings available. The dressings in common use in the treatment of burns are compared with the 'ideal' dressing, in so far as it can be defined. PMID- 3910125 TI - The dissolution mechanisms of silicate and glass-ionomer dental cements. AB - The mechanism of dissolution of two dental cements of the acid-base setting types (silicate and glass-ionomer) is considered. Dissolution is incongruent, probably because most of the leached species can derive both from the matrix (polysalt gel) and the partly reacted glass particles. The release occurs by means of three discrete mechanisms, surface wash-off, diffusion through pores and cracks or diffusion through the bulk. Such behaviour is shown to be capable of being modelled with extremely high goodness-of-fit values, using equations such as y = const + at1/2 + bt. Analogies with research from the fields of geochemistry and nuclear fuel storage are made and these systems obey similar relationships. The dental cement systems differ, however, in that their dissolution is to some extent reversible. This is explained in terms of formation of insoluble complexes, either by reaction of the constituent ions, or by replacement of OH-, for example, with F-. PMID- 3910126 TI - Reaction of oral soft tissues to three elastomeric prosthetic materials using a mucosal contact method. AB - A mucosal contact method for the evaluation of the soft tissue reaction to materials is described. The use of this longitudinal test method in evaluating three elastomeric prosthetic materials is discussed. The results indicate that all three polymeric materials are inert when left in contact with the oral mucous membrane for periods up to six weeks. PMID- 3910127 TI - [Fundamental data in hemorheology. I. Parameters controlling the fundamental processes in hemorheology]. AB - When attempting to apply rheological concepts to the problem of the circulation of blood, researches have often come up against the difficulties inherent in the fluid's specific properties and in the characteristics of blood flow. The concepts that have been fully proven in conventional fluid mechanics have often been applied too hastily to hemodynamics, without even ascertaining the validity of the original hypotheses. The following factors must be taken into account: the specific nature of the fluid (a concentrated cell suspension with complex rheological characteristic such as membrane viscoelasticity, large deformations and liable to undergo high interactions); the characteristics of the blood vessels deformability; the type of flow (essentially non-stationary). PMID- 3910128 TI - [Fundamental data in hemorheology. II. Hyperviscosity syndromes]. AB - Whole blood behaves like a deformable colloidal particle suspension in a macromolecular medium. Pathological variations in the rheological properties of blood and the clinical symptoms they produce form the "hyperviscosity syndromes". The term "hyperviscosity" was originally used for characterising the plasma hyperviscosity observed during macroglobulinemia and it is only recently that the chapter covering hyperviscosity syndromes has been enlarged to describe the syndromes as a state in which the increased blood viscosity and increase in flow resistance must be considered as the result of the rheological behaviour of blood taken as a whole (plasma and blood cells). The etiology of hyperviscosity syndromes can be: an increase in total plasma protein levels, or the appearance of a monoclonal protein, the increase in the number of blood cells, the increase in the erythrocyte's internal viscosity, the changes in the erythrocyte's viscoelastic properties, the excessive aggregating tendency of the erythrocytes and perhaps that of the platelets. PMID- 3910129 TI - Proliferation and migration of grafted hemopoietic cells during a graft-versus host reaction induced by minor non-H-2 histocompatibility antigens in the mouse. AB - In our model of GVHR, irradiated (DBA/2 X B10.D2)F1 mice were given splenic and bone marrow cells from B10.D2 donor mice. At different set times after the graft, recipient mice were given a single injection of a radioactive precursor of DNA (125IUdR) and killed one hour later. The radioactivity in excised organs reflected the label incorporation by the proliferating cells. When mice were killed from 1 hour to 96 hours after the label injection the residual radioactivity in individual organs reflected the number of the residual living cells arising from cells which were in S-phase during the label pulse. This study allowed us to specify the dynamics of the cell proliferative activity and the behavior of these proliferating cells through the whole organism at any time of a GVH disease. A very interesting point is that the minor non-H-2 histocompatibility antigens (MiHA) responsible of the GVHR induced a very important and specific stimulation of the grafted cell proliferation in all the non-lymphoid organs with a spatial and timing evolution through the whole organism. A great part of the cells specifically stimulated to divide by the MiHA are very short-lived. The remaining living cells migrate out of the spleen and bone marrow and accumulate into the non-lymphoid organs after a latency period lasting 12-24 hours following the label uptake. This cell invasion was mainly into the liver, vesicular glands, kidneys, salivary glands and lungs. PMID- 3910130 TI - 2-mercaptoethanol in vitro and macrophage migration in normal and sensitized guinea pigs. AB - While the influence of 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) on the functions of lymphocytes has rather extensively been investigated, there are almost no data on the action of this thiol compound on macrophages. We examined the effect of 2-ME in vitro (10(-6)-10(-4) M) on migration from capillary tubes of oil elicited peritoneal macrophages of non-immune and immune guinea pigs, sensitized with ovalbumin in complete Freund's adjuvant. This thiol did not affect the random migration of macrophages both in normal and in sensitized animals. Contrary to this, it significantly enhanced the frequency of occurrence and the magnitude of migration inhibition caused by the action of the migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in the examination of delayed hypersensibility by a direct MIF assay. The possible mechanism and the site of action of 2-ME are discussed. PMID- 3910131 TI - Islet cell surface antibodies in genetically obese hyperglycaemic (ob/ob) mice. AB - A quantitative method for circulating islet cell surface antibodies (ICSA), based on the binding of 125I-protein A to insulin-producing RINm5F cells, was used to evaluate ICSA in plasma of 4- to 40-week-old Aston obese hyperglycaemic (ob/ob) mice and normal control (+/+) mice. RINm5F cells bound 2502 +/- 1196 c.p.m. 125I protein A per 10(5) cells (mean +/- S.D., n = 54) after incubation with +/+ plasma. ICSA positive plasma (defined as 125I-protein A binding, mean +/- 2 S.D. of +/+ plasma) was detected in 3 out of 54 +/+ mice and 3 out of 54 ob/ob mice. ICSA were not observed in ob/ob mice before the onset of diabetes (7 weeks of age), but were detected at 9, 20 and 40 weeks. At 20 weeks 125I-protein A binding produced by ob/ob plasma was 35% greater than +/+ plasma (P less than 0.05). The low occurrence of ICSA in ob/ob mice (6%) suggests that factors other than ICSA are responsible for B-cell dysfunction and eventual islet degeneration observed in Aston ob/ob mice. PMID- 3910132 TI - The prokaryote-eukaryote interface. AB - Over the past 30 years the study of the sequences of proteins and nucleic acids has produced almost incredible amounts of information, new concepts, and new avenues of research. The beginning was slow: the first peptide hormones sequenced in the early 1950's, the first cytochrome c (horse) in 1961, the first bacterial ferredoxin in 1964, and the first transfer RNA (yeast alanine tRNA) in 1965. In the past 6 years, the rate of data accumulation has accelerated tremendously, primarily due to technological advances in nucleic acid sequencing techniques. For investigators of biological evolution, the sequence data and the new information on genetic mechanisms would prove to be the best evidence for elucidating relationships among the genomes of living organisms and for deducing phylogenetic history. In particular, they needed evidence to decide between the two hypotheses for the origin of eukaryotic cells. Now, less than 20 years since Margulis renewed the investigation of this problem, comparisons of protein and nucleic acid sequences, especially of the small subunit ribosomal RNAs, have answered this question in favor of the endosymbiotic origin of eukaryotic cells. After briefly discussing some of the concepts that helped resolve this controversy and the problems involved in using sequence data for evolutionary studies, we describe a few examples of useful evolutionary trees. PMID- 3910133 TI - Histones in protistan evolution. AB - The potential of comparative studies on histones for use in protistan evolution is discussed, using algal histones as specific examples. A basic premise for the importance of histones in protistan evolution is the observation that these proteins are completely absent in prokaryotes (and cytoplasmic organelles), but with few exceptions, the same five major histone types are found in all higher plants and animals. Since the histone content of the algae and other protists is not constant, some of these organisms may represent transition forms between the prokaryotic and eukaryotic modes of packaging the genetic material. Comparative studies of protistan histones may thus be of help in determining evolutionary relationships. However, several problems are encounter with protistan histones, including difficulties in isolating nuclei, proteolytic degradation, anomalous gel migration of histones, and difficulties in histone identification. Because of the above problems, and the observed variability in protistan histones, it is suggested that several criteria be employed for histone identification in protists. PMID- 3910134 TI - 5 S and 5.8 S ribosomal RNA sequences and protist phylogenetics. AB - More than 100 5 S 5.8 S rRNA sequences from protists, including fungi, are known. Through a combination of quantitative treeing and special consideration of "signature' nucleotide combinations, the most significant phylogenetic implications of these data are emphasized. Also, limitations of the data for phylogenetic inferences are discussed and other significant data are brought to bear on the inferences obtained. 5 S sequences from red algae are seen as the most isolated among eukaryotics. A 5 S sequence lineage consisting of oomycetes, euglenoids, most protozoa, most slime molds and perhaps dinoflagellates and mesozoa is defined. Such a lineage is not evident from 5.8 S rRNA or cytochrome c sequence data. 5 S sequences from Ascomycota and Basidiomycota are consistent with the proposal that each is derived from a mycelial form with a haploid yeast phase and simple septal pores, probably most resembling present Taphrinales. 5 S sequences from Chytridiomycota and Zygomycota are not clearly distinct from each other and suggest that a major lineage radiation occurred in the early history of each. Qualitative biochemical data clearly supports a dichotomy between an Ascomycota-Basidiomycota lineage and a Zygomycota-Chytridiomycota lineage. PMID- 3910135 TI - Chloroplast biosystematics: chloroplast DNA as a molecular probe. AB - The classification of plants has traditionally been dependent upon the comparative analysis of morphological and biochemical data. In this paper the use of molecular probe analysis of chloroplast DNA (ctDNA) is used to expand the data base used in taxonomic studies. Chloroplast DNA size, homogeneity, the global arrangement of ctDNA structure, gene content, gene cluster array and gene sequence determination are discussed as useful criteria in the analysis of phylogenetic relationships. PMID- 3910136 TI - Molecular organization of dinoflagellate ribosomal DNA: evolutionary implications of the deduced 5.8 S rRNA secondary structure. AB - The 5.8 S rRNA gene of Prorocentrum micans, a primitive dinoflagellate, has been cloned and its 159 base pairs (bp) have been sequenced along with the two flanking internal transcribed spacers (ITS 1 and 2), respectively, 212 and 195 bp long. Nucleotide sequence homologies between several previously published 5.8 S rRNA gene sequences including those from another dinoflagellate, an ascomycetous yeast, protozoans, a higher plant and a mammal have been determined by sequence alignment. Two prokaryotic 5'-ends of the 23 S rRNA gene have been compared owing to their probable common origin with eucaryotic 5.8 S rRNA genes. Several nucleotides are distinctive for dinoflagellates when compared with either typical eucaryotes or procaryotes. This is consistent with an early divergence of the dinoflagellate lineage from the typical eucaryotes. The secondary structure of dinoflagellate 5.8 S rRNA molecules fits the model of Walker et al. (1983). Conserved nucleotides which distinguish dinoflagellate 5.8 S rRNA from that of other eucaryotes are located in specific loops which are assumed to play a structural role in the ribosome. A 5.8 S rRNA phylogenetic tree which is proposed, based on sequence data, supports our initial assumption of the dinoflagellates. PMID- 3910137 TI - Microbody-like organelles as taxonomic markers among Oomycetes. AB - Zoospores of Oomycetes contain a variety of microbody-like organelles with highly structured matrices. Although in general their function is unknown, the appearance of similar organelles in related taxa suggests the ultrastructural differences could be used as taxonomic characters. This study surveys microbody like organelles of oomycetous zoospores to determine if this is an additional criterion by which the phylogeny of these fungi can be evaluated. In zoospores of the order Saprolegniales, kinetosome-associated organelles (K-bodies) are found which typically consist of tubular and/or granular matrices. K-bodies are not found associated with kinetosomes in zoospores of the Peronosporales, but microbodies containing tubules, and in some genera marginal plates, are located near the kinetosomes, along the groove, and in other peripheral areas. K-bodies have been reported in only one member of the order Lagenidiales. These K-bodies lack a granular matrix, but contain a single curved plate from which tubules arise, forming a cone. In the one genus of the Leptomitales examined, a similar K body contains a plate and scattered tubules. Organisms with similar microbody like organelles are probably more closely related than those with different types of microbody-like organelles. The presence of an organelle resembling K-bodies in zoospores of an alga in the Tribophyceae supports the phylogenetic association between algae and Oomycetes. A complete survey of Oomycete genera may well reveal intermediates between the structurally different types of microbody-like organelles, allowing the reconstruction of the phylogenetic history of an organelle. PMID- 3910138 TI - The nature of the ancestral red alga: inferences from a cladistic analysis. AB - A cladistic analysis of the orders of Rhodophyta is presented. Sixteen taxa and 34 characters comprise the data matrix. Included in the analysis are biochemical and ultrastructural features of pigments, cell walls, cell organelles, mitosis and pit connections as well as vegetative and reproductive characters. The traditional recognition of two classes or subclasses, Bangiophycidae and Florideophycidae, is not supported regardless of whether Porphyridiales, Rhodochaetales or Bangiales is designated the outgroup. Florideophycidae, however, appears to be monophyletic with Bangiales as its sister group. Relationships among taxa with one or two plug cap layers, i.e. Acrochaetiales, Palmariales, Corallinales, Nemaliales, Batrachospermales, Gelidiales and Hildenbrandiales are unresolved. Rhodochaetales, Bangiales and possibly Erythropeltidales are monophyletic, but Porphyridiales is polyphyletic. The class Cyanidiophyceae is not recognized and the included genera are considered to be unicellular red algae belonging to Porphyridiales. Taxa that have been proposed as sister groups for red algae, including Cyanobacteria, Cryptophyta, Glaucophyta and Chlorophyta, and Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes are discussed in relation to the proposed phylogeny of Rhodophyta. PMID- 3910139 TI - The red algal-higher fungi phylogenetic link: the last ten years. AB - The review of the red algal theory for ancestry of Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes published 10 years ago by the author is updated. Criticisms are answered and new data are discussed. The production of choline sulfate, lenthionine and lanosol are added to the biochemical similarities between red algae and higher fungi. Distribution of polyols is shown to be in favour of the origin of higher fungi from parasitic red algae. As predicted, NADP-linked glutamate dehydrogenase has been found in red algae, and additional reports of chitin in various algae have been published. New supporting data come from the ultrastructure of red algae: mitosis outside the Ceramiales and ultrastructure of vegetative cells and tetrasporocysts of Corallinaceae. On the other hand, the discovery of proplastids in Holmsella makes it less fungus-like. However, no decisive argument has yet been produced for or against the theory. Further light should be expected from protein and nucleic acid sequences. Promising partial sequences of cytochrome c have indeed been published for red algae but the published 5 S ribosomal RNA sequences have not proven relevant to the problem. Sequences of the slower evolving large rRNA and cytochrome c of red algae could provide convincing evidence and are urgently needed. PMID- 3910140 TI - The concept of the genus Ulothrix (Chlorophyta) strengthened by comparative cytology. AB - The revelation of the ultrastructure of the pyrenoid, flagellar apparatus and mitosis/cytokinesis in the green algal genus Ulothrix, in its traditional broad sense, resulted in the assignment of species to three newly defined green algal classes. The largest group consisting of 11 species (including the type species Ulothrix tenuissima) is classified in the Ulvophyceae, the species U. verrucosa and U. crenulata are transferred to the genus Klebsormidium in the Charophyceae while Ulothrix species with pointed apical cells (e.g. U. belkae) appear to belong to the Chlorophyceae. It is shown that cytokinesis in Ulothrix sensu stricto may vary from a strict furrowing mechanism in U. mucosa to a pattern in which the centripetal ingrowth is combined with a cell plate-like structure in U. palusalsa and U. zonata. Based on the growth habit, the type of life history and the ultrastructural features pertaining to cytokinesis and the flagellar apparatus, phylogenetic trends are suggested for the Ulotrichales sensu lato. PMID- 3910141 TI - Oddments in dental history: the dentistry of the future as envisioned a century ago. PMID- 3910142 TI - Tooth roots: a library exhibit of classics in dentistry. PMID- 3910143 TI - Georgia's pioneers in organized dentistry. PMID- 3910144 TI - Horace Wells, pioneer in anesthesia and his defence of his discovery. PMID- 3910145 TI - The long struggle against quackery in dentistry. PMID- 3910146 TI - A dental family's impact on the community: the many contributions of John and Vada Somerville. PMID- 3910147 TI - A study of the interior faces and other characteristics of forceps and root elevators from the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries. PMID- 3910148 TI - Daniel Hally-Smith--the last American dentist in Paris. PMID- 3910149 TI - [Interface between composite resins for posterior teeth and tooth substances with particular reference to lining materials and liners]. PMID- 3910150 TI - [Academic eulogy for Baron Francois, titular member and former president of the Royal Belgian Academy of Medicine]. PMID- 3910151 TI - [Changes in the basal membrane in pre-eclampsia and eclampsia]. PMID- 3910152 TI - Towards better resuscitation. AB - Many lives can be saved by prompt and effective resuscitation. Most of us feel we know what to do but may be rather vague and indecisive when the moment arrives. Successful resuscitation usually represents extraordinarily good value for money. PMID- 3910153 TI - The importance of recognising renal oncocytomas. AB - Oncocytomas of the kidney are infrequently reported tumours. They have distinct clinical and pathological features, but most cases have been discovered retrospectively. Nine series have been analysed (including four cases in Norwich) to define the features of these tumours. One of our cases is noteworthy because it is the largest individually reported tumour of this type and it contained a large cyst. Oncocytomas are benign and have an excellent prognosis. Failure to identify this subgroup may bias the perceived effectiveness of treatment for renal carcinoma. PMID- 3910154 TI - Lymphocyte sub-populations in the male genital tract. AB - A series of monoclonal antibodies that react with human lymphocyte subsets was used in an indirect immunoperoxidase technique to study representative blocks from normal human testis, epididymis, vas deferens, prostate and seminal vesicles. Biopsies of testis, epididymis and vas obtained during surgical procedures directed at the investigation and treatment of infertile males were also studied. In all normal tissues, apart from the peripheral testis where no lymphocytes were identified, T lymphocytes were the predominant cell type (Leu 4+). These lymphocytes were largely of the suppressor/cytotoxic phenotype (Leu 2a+) and were more abundant in between the epithelial cells in the rete testis, epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles and prostatic acini. Cells of the helper/inducer phenotype (Leu 3a+) were identified mainly within the interstitium of the epididymis and the prostate. B-lymphocytes (Leu 12+) were few in number and were mainly in the stroma of the prostate. In each organ the ratio of the T cell subsets was determined and changes in this ratio were observed in epididymal and vasal biopsies from some infertile males. Finally, in testis biopsies from infertile men, suppressor/cytotoxic T-cells were demonstrated between the germinal epithelium and the fibrous tunica of the seminiferous tubules and as focal aggregates in the interstitium. PMID- 3910155 TI - Pre-natal diagnosis: how useful is it? AB - Dilatation of the fetal urinary tract can now be detected by ultrasound imaging in pregnancy. Forty-six cases of pre-natally diagnosed dilatation were analysed to assess the contribution of this information to subsequent urological management. Positive pre-natal scans proved accurate. Dilatation was confirmed by neonatal ultrasound imaging or by autopsy in 24 of 25 consecutive inborn neonates and two aborted fetuses. Forty-four live births were studied. Twelve neonates had physical signs at birth which rendered the pre-natal diagnosis unnecessary. In 32 neonates (73%) the urinary tract anomaly was identified solely as a result of pre natal imaging and would otherwise have remained undetected. However, in seven neonates the information was of doubtful value (mild unilateral dilatation), in 16 it was of probable value (confirmed unilateral PUJ obstruction, multicystic kidney, etc.) and in only nine neonates (20%) was it of definite value (treatable conditions affecting both kidneys or a solitary kidney, e.g. urethral valves, PUJ obstruction in a solitary kidney, etc.). Pre-natally detected bilateral dilatation (18 infants) carried a poor prognosis--33% mortality and 56% incidence of coexistent abnormalities. No infants in our series had undergone intra-uterine drainage, but the numbers of survivors and their renal function was comparable to the published results for fetal intervention. PMID- 3910156 TI - The outcome of antenatally diagnosed urological abnormalities. AB - Twenty-eight patients undergoing routine antenatal screening by ultrasound were found to have a fetus with a major urological abnormality. In addition, two babies suspected of having an enlarged bladder were found post-natally to be normal. Seven of the 28 pregnancies were terminated before 26 weeks' gestation as a result of the ultrasound findings and all these fetuses had lethal renal abnormalities. Of the remaining 21 babies, four died of renal failure following delivery. Fifteen of the 17 babies who are alive and well had an ultrasound scan before 24 weeks' gestation. Only one of these scans revealed the abnormality. In the remaining patients the abnormality was first detected after 28 weeks. No patient had surgery in utero. Our data suggest that renal abnormalities detected prior to 24 weeks' gestation are associated with severe renal impairment. It appears that the role of antenatal drainage procedures may be of limited value. PMID- 3910157 TI - Pre- versus postoperative radiotherapy in rectal carcinoma: an interim report from a randomized multicentre trial. AB - Since October 1980 a randomized multicentre trial has been in progress among patients with rectal carcinoma, in whom high-dose fractionated pre-operative irradiation (total dose 25.5 Gy in 5-7 days) is being tested against postoperative irradiation to a high dose level using a conventional fractionation scheme (totally 60 Gy in 8 weeks) delivered only to a high-risk group of patients (Dukes' stages B and C). The primary aim of the trial is to investigate whether local recurrence rate differs between the two groups, and a secondary aim is to see whether 5-year survival will differ between the two groups of patients. Up to October 1984, 360 patients have been randomly allocated to these two groups. Locally curative surgery has been performed in 161 patients in the pre-operative irradiation group and in 152 patients in the postoperative irradiation group. Pre operative irradiation was extremely well tolerated and there were no irradiation related complications; 95 per cent of these patients received their treatment according to the intended schedule. However, 48 of the 161 patients had a tumour in Dukes' stage A. Pre-operative radiotherapy had no impact on postoperative mortality or the occurrence of anastomosis dehiscence, but significantly more patients with perineal wound sepsis after an abdominoperineal resection were found in the group of patients receiving pre-operative radiotherapy. This prolonged the stay in hospital after surgery. Postoperative radiotherapy was not so well tolerated as pre-operative treatment, and in a substantial number of patients the treatment could not be commenced until a relatively long time after surgery. To date, the local recurrence rate is acceptably low (approximately 10 per cent) in both treatment groups. PMID- 3910158 TI - The mycotic flora in proctological patients with and without pruritus ani. AB - The perianal mycotic flora was studied in proctological patients with and without pruritus ani, as well as in control subjects. Four groups of patients underwent perianal mycoculture. In Group 1, 53 patients with anal pruritus were treated for benign anorectal disease. In Group 2, 24 patients with no underlying disease presented with anal pruritus. Both of these groups underwent concomitant chemical and parasitical examination of the faeces and an oral glucose tolerance test. In Group 3, 50 patients without pruritus ani at present or in the past were treated for benign anorectal diseases. In Group 4, 47 surgical patients without pruritus ani were treated for benign (9) and malignant (38) non-proctological diseases. In Group 1 the mycoculture was positive in 24/53 patients (Candida albicans 14, dermatophytes 10). In Group 2 fungal infections were seen in 16/24 patients (C. albicans 7, dermatophytes 9). No parasites or diabetes were found in either group. In Group 3 C. albicans was isolated in 14/50 patients. In Group 4 C. albicans was found in 11/47 cases (2 in benign, 9 in malignant diseases). Infection by C. albicans was observed in all groups studied, independent of the presence of disease or anal pruritus. The presence of dermatophytes was always associated with pruritus ani. PMID- 3910159 TI - To lay open or excise a fistula-in-ano: a randomized trial. AB - Two treatments for fistula-in-ano were compared in a randomized trial. Times of healing were significantly shorter when the fistula was laid open (median 34 days, n = 26) than after excision (41 days, n = 21) (P less than 0.02). Revisional surgery was necessary before healing could be obtained in 3 of 26 patients after lay open operations and 2 of 21 after excision. Recurrence rates within 1 year were similar (3/24 and 2/21). PMID- 3910160 TI - Appendicectomy: assessment of stump invagination versus simple ligation: a prospective, randomized trial. AB - The appendix stump was ligated and doubly invaginated in 374 patients and was simply ligated in 361 in a prospective, randomized trial of 735 consecutive appendicectomies. The two groups were similar with respect to sex, age, degree of appendiceal inflammation and antibiotic treatment. The incidence of wound infection and postoperative pyrexia and the postoperative hospital stay showed no significant intergroup difference. The median operating time was slightly shorter in the group without invagination. Simple ligation facilitates and shortens appendicectomy. It produces no deformation of the caecal wall that subsequently may be mistaken for a caecal neoplasm. Simple ligation is therefore recommended as standard procedure in appendicectomy. PMID- 3910161 TI - Mesenteric fibromatosis. PMID- 3910163 TI - Non-operative management of a spontaneously ruptured malarial spleen. PMID- 3910162 TI - The effects of different suture techniques on collagen metabolism in experimental distal colonic anastomoses. AB - Two types of suture techniques have been compared in anastomoses of the distal colon in 20 mongrel dogs. They were divided into four groups, each consisting of five dogs. In A and C groups a single layer suture technique, and in B and D groups a two layer suture technique was used. In order to determine tissue hydroxyproline activities at the suture lines, the anastomosed segments were resected on the fifth day in A and B, and on the tenth day in C and D groups. It was observed that the hydroxyproline activities in single layer anastomoses were higher than those of two layer anastomoses with the implication that there was more rapid wound healing. PMID- 3910164 TI - Pre-operative determination of oestrogen receptor status in breast cancer by immunocytochemical staining of fine needle aspirates. AB - The results of pre-operative staining of fine needle aspirate (FNA) samples from 48 breast cancers, with a polyclonal antibody raised against highly purified oestrogen receptor (ER) protein, have been compared with our standard biochemical method for measurement of cytosol and nuclear ER. FNA antibody staining correctly predicted the presence of ER in 20 of 21 ERC +/N+ tumours. There were 2 false positive results in 24 ER C-/N-tumours though both these tumours showed marked heterogeneity of staining. Three ER C+/N- tumours were negative by antibody staining, in keeping with the tendency for such tumours to be hormone independent in behaviour. This pre-operative method for ER determination appears to be a reliable alternative to other micro-assays for oestrogen receptors. PMID- 3910165 TI - Serotonergic innervation of the forebrain in the North American opossum. AB - The forebrain distribution of axons showing serotonin-like immunoreactivity was studied in the North American opossum. Serotonergic innervation of the hypothalamus was extensive, particularly within the ventromedial nucleus, the periventricular nucleus and the rostral supraoptic nucleus. Serotonergic axons were also present within the fields of Forel and zona incerta, but they tended to avoid parts of the subthalamic nucleus. In the thalamus serotonergic innervation was dense within the midline nuclei (e.g. the central, intermediate dorsal and rhomboid nuclei) and the ventral lateral geniculate nucleus, but relatively sparse in some of the nuclei more readily associated with specific functions (e.g. the ventrobasal nucleus). Serotonergic axons innervate most areas of the rostral and dorsal forebrain. Areas containing the heaviest innervation included the interstitial nucleus of the stria terminalis and the lateral septal nucleus. Serotonergic innervation of the neocortex varied markedly from region to region and within different layers of the same regions. The retrograde transport of True Blue combined with immunofluorescence for localization of serotonin revealed that serotonergic axons within the forebrain arise mainly within the dorsal raphe and superior central nuclei, but that some originate within the midbrain and pontine reticular formation and the locus coeruleus, pars alpha. Neurons of the raphe magnus and obscurus also innervate the forebrain, but few of them are serotonergic. The use of horseradish peroxidase as a retrograde marker provided evidence that raphe projections to the forebrain are topographically organized. Our results suggest that serotonergic projections to the forebrain, like those to the spinal cord, are connectionally heterogeneous. PMID- 3910166 TI - Cogeneration of retrogradely labeled corticocortical projection and GABA immunoreactive local circuit neurons in cerebral cortex. AB - The times of origin of cortico-cortical projection neurons and local circuit neurons in rat visual cortex were determined. The birthdates of the projection neurons were assessed using a technique that combined retrograde labeling with lectin-bound horseradish peroxidase and tritiated thymidine autoradiography. The birthdates of some cortical local circuit neurons were determined by combining GABA immunocytochemistry with [3H]thymidine autoradiography. Double-labeled neurons (those with retrograde or immunoreactive label in their perikarya and autoradiographic silver grains over their nuclei) were born during the third week of gestation. Projection and local circuit neurons born on gestational day 14, 15, 17, 19 or 20 were located primarily in layer VIb, VIa, V, III or II, respectively. Thus, both populations of neurons are generated by parallel and concurrent inside-to-outside patterns. PMID- 3910167 TI - Vasopressin-induced motor disturbances: localization of a sensitive forebrain site in the rat. AB - Arginine-vasopressin (AVP) microinjected into an area extending from the diagonal band of Broca to the anterior hypothalamus of the rat evokes severe motor disturbances, including barrel rotations and myoclonic/myotonic movements. These disturbances do not occur after administration of an artificial physiological solution or of oxytocin. Injection of this peptide into other areas of the brain does not cause these effects. This action of vasopressin is dose-related, can be prevented by the prior administration of an AVP receptor antagonist and involves a 'sensitization' process. It is possible that AVP, acting in this mediobasal region of the forebrain, might be involved as a causative agent in some convulsive disorders. PMID- 3910168 TI - Distribution of neuropeptide Y in the forebrain and diencephalon: an immunohistochemical analysis. AB - The distribution of neuropeptide Y (NPY)-like immunoreactive (NPYI) structures in the rat forebrain and upper brainstem was examined by means of indirect immunofluorescence and peroxidase-antiperoxidase methods. The present study has demonstrated a much wider and more abundant distribution of NPYI structures in the forebrain and diencephalon than earlier studies in which antisera against avian pancreatic polypeptide or bovine pancreatic polypeptide were used, suggesting that NPY is involved in a variety of brain functions. PMID- 3910169 TI - Brain dopamine activity following intranigral or intrathalamic drug injections in the rat. AB - Stereotaxic injection of muscimol into a restricted region of one substantia nigra of the rat provoked robust circling and a concomitant rise in ipsilateral nigrostriatal dopamine activity, as revealed by a greater accumulation of 3,4 dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and homovanillic acid in the caudate-putamen together with depleted nigral dopamine concentrations. Considered with earlier evidence, these data are taken to indicate that dopamine may be involved in the mediation of this particular rotational behaviour. On the other hand, focal application of bicuculline to the substantia nigra or ventromedial thalamus, or intrathalamic kainate, all evoked a closely similar and vigorous hypermotility (not circling) that could not be correlated with the assorted changes in dopamine utilisation occurring in the substantia nigra, caudate-putamen or nucleus accumbens, either uni- or bilaterally. These changes were therefore probably casually rather than causally related to the mechanisms underlying the behaviour of the animals. Whilst the regional concentrations of noradrenaline were unaltered by these focal drug treatments, the induction of halothane anaesthesia coupled with a unilateral intranigral saline injection produced bilateral elevations in regional dopamine utilisation when assessed 15 min after injection. Such changes were not apparent in tissue taken 30 or 60 min post-injection. We conclude that dopamine cell activity and/or other indices of dopamine utilisation cannot be used to predict the behavioural state of the individual and that an imbalance between the dopamine systems in the two hemispheres does not per se lead to postural or locomotor asymmetry. PMID- 3910170 TI - The periventricular anteroventral third ventricle (AV3V): its relationship with the subfornical organ and neural systems involved in maintaining body fluid homeostasis. AB - The periventricular tissue surrounding the anteroventral third ventricle (AV3V) is critically involved in the maintenance of normal body fluid balance and distribution. The present review examines the anatomical, neurochemical, and functional relationship of the AV3V with neural systems subserving body fluid homeostasis. In particular, the nature of AV3V afferents from the subfornical organ (SFO) and from brainstem noradrenergic cell groups is discussed. A model is presented proposing that specific structures within the AV3V, particularly along the ventral lamina terminalis, function to integrate information derived from blood-borne angiotensin II (via the SFO) with input arising from vascular pressure/volume receptors. The resultant of this integration is important for the generation of a normal component of thirst (i.e., drinking) associated with extracellular dehydration. PMID- 3910171 TI - The role of the anteromedial hypothalamus in Dahl hypertension. AB - Radiofrequency lesions were placed in the anteromedial hypothalamus in Dahl rats to investigate the role of this area in salt-induced hypertension. Lesions of the paraventricular and suprachiasmatic nuclei and intervening tissue (PVN-SCN lesions) prevented the rise in blood pressure (mmHg) in salt-sensitive (DS) rats fed a high-salt (8% NaCl) diet for 15 weeks (controls: 195 +/- 9, lesioned: 128 +/- 11, p less than 0.01). Similar lesions in salt-resistant (DR) rats did not alter long-term blood pressure (controls: 121 +/- 6 mmHg, lesioned: 131 +/- 5). Lesions sparing the PVN had no effect on blood pressure in DS rats, while lesions primarily confined to the PVN delayed the rise of blood pressure in DS fed a high salt diet. Round-the-clock determinations demonstrated that the blood pressure of DS rats with PVN-SCN lesions was reduced relative to controls at all times of the day throughout the study. No differences were observed between the angiotensin induced drinking and plasma sodium concentrations of rats with PVN-SCN lesions and those of controls. Twenty-four hour mean heart rate was decreased by 10% in DS rats with PVN-SCN lesions. The anteromedial hypothalamus may participate in the initiation of Dahl hypertension. PMID- 3910173 TI - [Introduction to the study of plasma lipoproteins]. PMID- 3910172 TI - Diacylglycerol and phorbol esters enhance LHRH and prostaglandin E2 secretion from median eminence nerve terminals in vitro. AB - The present experiments were designed to evaluate the role of protein kinase C activation on the secretion of the neural peptide, LHRH, from hypothalamic nerve terminals in vitro. Two specific protein kinase C activators, diacylglycerol (1,2 didecanoylglycerol, DiC10) and a phorbol ester (12,13-dibutyrate, PDBu) were used as probes. In addition to LHRH, secretion of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was also measured, since previous studies from our laboratory indicate that this arachidonic acid metabolite is intimately involved in the LHRH secretory process. PDBu at a dose of 200 nM significantly enhanced LHRH secretion from median eminence nerve terminals; in addition, a more modest but significant stimulation of PGE2 release was also observed. DiC10 (100 microM), on the other hand, enhanced PGE2 release but had no clear effect on LHRH secretion. Release of LHRH, however, was clearly stimulated when the lipoxygenase inhibitor nordihydroguaiaretic acid was added to the medium, suggesting that some arachidonic acid metabolites are inhibitory to LHRH secretion. The results indicate that protein kinase C activation leads to an enhanced secretion of LHRH. In addition, they suggest that 1,2-diacylglycerol may also activate the formation of arachidonoyl residues inhibitory to LHRH release. PMID- 3910174 TI - [Atherogenic lipoproteins and their immunological detection]. PMID- 3910175 TI - [The usefulness of kinetic studies and modeling in the study of apolipoprotein metabolism]. PMID- 3910176 TI - [From Jenner to Pasteur or the development of ideas on vaccination]. PMID- 3910177 TI - [Antirabies vaccination in man and its development (Louis Pasteur)]. PMID- 3910178 TI - [Animal vaccination against rabies]. PMID- 3910179 TI - [The present and future of vaccination]. PMID- 3910181 TI - [The Royal Morocco Academy]. PMID- 3910180 TI - [Initial application of the WHO antirabies campaign in Peru]. PMID- 3910182 TI - [Public health problems in Morocco]. PMID- 3910184 TI - [Various special features of neurosyphilis]. PMID- 3910183 TI - [Postcholecystectomy syndrome]. PMID- 3910185 TI - [Poliomyelitis and vaccination in Morocco]. PMID- 3910186 TI - [Examination of the human body using nuclear magnetic resonance (FONAR system): cardiovascular applications]. PMID- 3910187 TI - [Prevention of dental caries]. PMID- 3910188 TI - [On the project of legislation relative to drug trials "without medical intent"]. PMID- 3910189 TI - [Critical remarks on the departmentalization of hospitals]. PMID- 3910190 TI - [A request for the use of phostoxin with an aluminum phosphide or magnesium phosphide base for the de-infestation of insects in stored produce]. PMID- 3910191 TI - [The use of malathion for the treatment of cereals after harvesting]. PMID- 3910192 TI - [The use of an enzymatic preparation called Alcalase 60 L]. PMID- 3910193 TI - Malignant lymphoma in patients with the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. AB - The type and incidence of malignant lymphoma developing in patients with the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome being followed at the National Cancer Institute (NCI) between the years 1966 and 1982 was evaluated. Histologic material from lymphoid tissue was available for review on 24 of the 50 Wiskott-Aldrich patients followed by the Metabolism Branch of the NCI. In 17 patients, specimens were obtained by biopsy performed for diagnosis of lymphoid mass lesions, and in 16 patients autopsy specimens were reviewed. In 9 of the 24 patients a diagnosis of malignant lymphoma was made. A distinct preponderance of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) over Hodgkin's disease (HD) with a ratio 8:1 was observed, and the overall incidence of malignant lymphoma in all 50 patients was 18%. The most common histologic subtype of NHL was large cell immunoblastic. In all but one patient the diagnosis of lymphoma was made antemortem, most often presenting in extranodal sites or the brain. Involvement of peripheral lymph nodes was conspicuous by its absence. Immunoperoxidase staining for kappa and lambda chain immunoglobulin and lysozyme was negative in the four cases studied, failing to provide supportive evidence for a B-cell or true histiocytic origin for the tumor cells. Histologic subtypes of lymphoma commonly observed in childhood, such as Burkitt's lymphoma and lymphoblastic lymphoma, were not observed. Despite treatment with combination chemotherapy in some patients, there were no long-term remissions and median survival was less than one year following the diagnosis of lymphoma. PMID- 3910194 TI - Clinical correlations with the human tumor cloning assay. PMID- 3910195 TI - A model for tumor response to chemotherapy: an integration of the stem cell and somatic mutation hypotheses. PMID- 3910196 TI - [The development of pediatric anesthesia at Limoges from 1915 to 1955]. PMID- 3910197 TI - [Origins of occupational medicine in France: sociological and historical approach]. PMID- 3910199 TI - The capitation controversy in Canada. PMID- 3910198 TI - Max Schoen: a man of conviction. PMID- 3910200 TI - Tax planning for the salaried dentist. PMID- 3910201 TI - Facial pain and its control: new insights into old problems. PMID- 3910202 TI - Pain modulation. Theory and techniques. PMID- 3910203 TI - Psychiatric aspects of atypical facial pain. PMID- 3910204 TI - Tic douloureux and atypical facial pain. PMID- 3910205 TI - [Facial injury and its treatment]. PMID- 3910206 TI - Steroid sulfotransferases and steroid sulfate sulfatases: characteristics and biological roles. AB - This review discusses the biological roles of steroid sulfotransferase enzymes (ST's) and steroid sulfate sulfohydrolases (sulfatases) mainly in mammalian tissues. In addition, some consideration is given to certain characteristics of these enzymes and, where possible, to their biological control. A considerable number of ST's of varying specificities, substrate affinities, and kinetics appear to exist. Several of these possess the properties of regulatory enzymes. ST's which act upon estrogen in reproductive tissues, such as uterus, are of particularly high affinity, appear to be under some biological control, and may exert important effects upon estrogen action. Although biosynthetic pathways involving steroid sulfate intermediates have been described, their importance is difficult to determine. The presence of an esterified sulfate group on a steroid molecule may markedly affect the action of enzymes, such as hydroxylases, upon the steroid structure in both a qualitative and quantitative sense. The number of different steroid sulfatases is not well understood. A sterol sulfatase present in the female reproductive tract appears capable of destabilizing the sperm head membrane by hydrolyzing sterol sulfates necessary for its integrity, and hence enabling the fusion of sperm and ovum. Other sulfatases may utilize blood-borne steroid sulfates for the ultimate production of estrogen which, in fetal membranes, could play a role in parturition and, in breast tumours, could function as a growth promoting agent. Brain sulfatases could possibly produce steroid hormones for purposes of tissue differentiation and (or) feedback control mechanisms, but this is not firmly established. PMID- 3910207 TI - Experimental congenital syphilis in rabbits. AB - A model for congenital syphilis in rabbits was developed based on multiple intravenous injections of pregnant does with high concentrations of Treponema pallidum. A total of 48 pregnant does and 394 newborns were evaluated. Indications of in utero infection included a 7- to 10-fold increase in fetal mortality and a 49% reduction in birth weight. The size of the stillborns varied. Some developed to normal size, whereas others were poorly developed, hemorrhagic, and 1/10th normal size. Fetuses were surgically removed after 25 to 28 days of gestation and extracts of the fetal tissues were injected into adult rabbits. Syphilitic lesions resulted demonstrating the presence of T. pallidum within the fetal tissues. Treponemes were also demonstrated within splenic tissue from a 1 week-old newborn. Isolated amniotic membranes were placed in Franz Biologic chambers. Viable organisms readily penetrated through the amnion but heat inactivated organisms did not. Further evidence for in utero transmission of organisms was provided by intradermal injection of 6- to 7-week-old newborns. In control newborns in which the does were not infected during pregnancy, lesions occurred at 90% of the sites injected and developed in typical fashion. In newborns from does infected during pregnancy, lesions occurred in 18% of the sites injected and developed in atypical fashion (flat, nonulcerating, rapid healing). Finally, overt congenital syphilis did not occur if the does were immune prior to pregnancy, then infected with T. pallidum during pregnancy. The percent mortalities and birth weights of newborns were equivalent to control newborns from noninfected does. PMID- 3910208 TI - Efficiency of various bacterial suspensions derived from cecal floras of conventional chickens in reducing the population level of Salmonella typhimurium in gnotobiotic mice and chicken intestines. AB - The antagonistic effect exerted towards Salmonella typhimurium by the flora issued from conventional chickens was studied in gnotobiotic animals. In germfree chickens and mice inoculated with S. typhimurium, the highest bacterial counts were observed in ceca, and were not significantly different in either host. The protection afforded by the inoculation of cecal flora issued from a conventional chicken was more effective when this flora was inoculated first into germfree chickens than when it was given only after inoculation with S. typhimurium. Administration of a cecal flora from a 15-day-old chick to gnotobiotic mice and chicken resulted in the inhibition of a further intestinal colonization by S. typhimurium in both hosts. Sixteen strains were isolated among the predominant populations of the fecal flora from chicken flora recipient mice. Association of 14 strains of strictly anaerobic bacteria with 2 strains of Escherichia coli and Streptococcus faecium only decreased the number of S. typhimurium in the ileum of gnotobiotic mice, but not in their cecum. Anaerobe cultures were obtained from 10(-6) and 10(-8) dilutions prepared from the fecal flora of gnotobiotic recipient mice. Antagonistic bacteria were present only in cultures from the 10( 6) dilution. Cecal concentrations of volatile fatty acids were shown not to be the sole factor implicated in the antagonistic effect against S. typhimurium. PMID- 3910209 TI - Spinal cord infarction in disease and surgery of the aorta. AB - Diseases of the aorta and surgery of the aorta can produce spinal cord damage. There are major variations in blood supply to the spinal cord between individuals. The spinal cord may be tamponaded by increased spinal fluid pressure subsequent to clamping the aorta. Both of these factors may contribute to spinal cord infarction. The available methods and procedures to protect the spinal cord during surgery are discussed. PMID- 3910210 TI - Interstitial irradiation of skull base tumours. AB - The rationale for interstitial irradiation of tumours in and around the skull base is reviewed, and the experience accumulated with pituitary adenomas, meningiomas, and chordomas is summarized. Intracystic irradiation for craniopharyngiomas is also reviewed. PMID- 3910211 TI - The prevalence of intestinal parasites and enteropathogenic bacteria in James Bay Cree Indians, Quebec. PMID- 3910213 TI - The neonatal narcotic abstinence syndrome: a brief review. AB - Because substance abuse experts are not available in many institutions, the consulting psychiatrist is required to diagnose and manage conditions such as the neonatal narcotic abstinence syndrome, which is readily recognized and treated. The authors discuss morbidity due to this syndrome in neonates born to narcotic addicted mothers. The clinical usefulness of neonatal narcotic abstinence scales is reviewed, with special reference to their application in treatment. The dosing of various drugs currently in use is also discussed. PMID- 3910212 TI - Smoking and reproductive health. AB - Numerous studies have identified specific areas in which the effects of maternal smoking during pregnancy may occur including fetal growth retardation, neonatal deaths, pregnancy complications leading to premature delivery and possible effects on lactation and long-term effects on surviving children. Despite the number of papers which have been published on this subject there is still no clear understanding of the extent to which smoking in general, and various components of cigarette smoke in particular, exert a detrimental effect on the human reproductive potential. Although epidemiological evidence is scanty there are indications that cigarette smoking decreases fertility in women, increases the frequency of menstrual abnormalities and decreases the age of spontaneous menopause. Cigarette smoking in males has also been implicated as a cause of decreased sperm numbers and an increased frequency of abnormal sperm morphology as well as a decrease in sexual performance. Experimental evidence from humans and rodents suggests that nicotine can alter the hypothalamic-pituitary axis through its stimulation of growth hormone, cortisol, vasopressin and oxytocin release which in turn inhibit luteinizing hormone and prolactin release. PMID- 3910214 TI - Paraplatin (carboplatin). Current status and future prospects. Proceedings of a satellite symposium held at Stockholm, Sweden, 19th June 1985, during the 3rd European Conference on Clinical Oncology. PMID- 3910215 TI - Preclinical antitumor and toxicologic profile of carboplatin. AB - Carboplatin, an analog of the antitumor drug Platinol, was selected for clinical evaluation on the basis of its experimental antitumor and toxicologic profile in animal models. Described in this review is a detailed summary of selected preclinical data accumulated on carboplatin as well as data obtained concomitantly using Platinol. The predominant result gleaned from the experimental antitumor data is that of comparability between the two compounds, a finding which we feel best reflects the emerging clinical data. With respect to the preclinical toxicology, carboplatin was found to be less nephrotoxic and less emetic than Platinol. This pattern of toxicity for carboplatin appears to be substantiated in the clinical setting. PMID- 3910216 TI - Carboplatin as a potentiator of radiation therapy. AB - A rationale for coordinating the administration of carboplatin with radiation to achieve enhancement of cancer therapy is developed. This approach is based upon a review of the reports of effects in a variety of systems, effects attributed to interactions between cisplatin or other platinum analogs and radiation. Two major effects include radiosensitization (RS) of hypoxic cells with platinum present during irradiation and potentiation of cell kill with platinum complexes administered after irradiation. Both these effects are expected to result in an improved therapeutic ratio. The latter effect may include inhibition of recovery from radiation-induced potentially lethal damage (PLD) and sublethal damage (SLD). Evidence for RS by carboplatin with an enhancement ratio (ER) of 1.8 is presented in Chinese hamster lung cells (V79) irradiated in culture under hypoxic conditions. Potentiation of radiation therapy in mice bearing a transplanted mouse mammary tumor (MTG-B) is reported as a supra-additive tumor growth delay when 60 mg/kg carboplatin is administered either 30 minutes before or immediately after 20 Gy of X-irradiation. Improved efficacy resulting from ongoing clinical trials coordinating cisplatin with radiation should support the role for carboplatin as a potentiator of radiation therapy since this second generation complex of platinum also interacts with radiation and larger concentrations of platinum should be attainable in tumors using the new drug. PMID- 3910217 TI - Carboplatin: the clinical evaluation strategy. PMID- 3910218 TI - Carboplatin: future directions. PMID- 3910219 TI - Preclinical studies identifying carboplatin as a viable cisplatin alternative. AB - The claims of eight cisplatin analogues as viable alternatives to the parent drug are discussed in terms of their toxicities, antitumour properties and potential biochemical selectivities. It is concluded that, of the eight, diammine (1,1 cyclobutane dicarboxylato)platinum(II) (carboplatin, CBDCA, JM8) had the features most desirable to merit its clinical evaluation. PMID- 3910220 TI - Phase I study and pharmacokinetics of intraperitoneal carboplatin. AB - In the early stages of this phase I study the tolerance of carboplatin intraperitoneally was good. Pharmacokinetic profiles suggest a possible therapeutic advantage for giving the drug intraperitoneally for the treatment of tumour nodules situated in the peritoneum. The extent of penetration of carboplatin through tumour nodules has not yet been assessed but tumour nodules are being processed for nuclear activation analysis. PMID- 3910221 TI - Results of NCI-sponsored phase I trials with carboplatin. AB - Carboplatin has been developed for clinical trials as a less nephrotoxic, less emetogenic analog of cisplatin. In preclinical tumor models it was less potent than the parent compound on a molar basis, but reduced toxicity allowed comparable antitumor doses to be given. In phase I studies its dose-limiting toxicities were reversible myelosuppression, especially thrombocytopenia. Leucopenia and anemia occurred to a lesser degree. Other reported toxicities included nausea, vomiting, malaise, myalgia, arthralgia, ototoxicity, hypomagnesemia, and proteinuria. Nausea and vomiting occurred frequently, but was much less severe than that observed with cisplatin. The incidence of serum creatinine elevations was low. The increase was usually reversible and occurred only in association with administration of aminoglycosides, or abnormal pretreatment renal function. Recommended phase II doses by schedule are: bolus every 4 weeks, 400-500 mg/m2 (560 mg/m2 in children); 24 hour continuous infusion every 4 weeks, 320-400 mg/m2; weekly bolus for 4 consecutive weeks with 2 weeks rest, 100-125 mg/m2 (175 mg/m2 in children); bolus for 5 consecutive days every 4 weeks, 77-95 mg/m2. Objective responses were observed during these phase I studies in adult patients (head and neck, breast, renal carcinomas) and children (osteosarcoma, brain stem lesions). In addition to phase II evaluations in all major tumor types, plans for phase III studies in selected tumors are underway. PMID- 3910222 TI - Phase I studies with carboplatin at the Royal Marsden Hospital. AB - Carboplatin was evaluated in a Phase I and pharmacokinetic study at the Royal Marsden Hospital between April 1981 and November 1981. Sixty patients were entered of whom 16 had impaired renal function. No evidence of ototoxicity or nephrotoxicity was found. Nausea and vomiting were much reduced compared to cisplatin. The dose limiting toxicity was delayed myelosuppression with thrombocytopenia being more severe than leucopenia. A number of clinical responses were seen, particularly in patients with ovarian carcinoma. Pharmacokinetic studies suggested that the dose of JM8 should be adjusted according to the glomerular filtration rate. PMID- 3910223 TI - High dose cisplatin and high dose carboplatin in refractory ovarian cancer. AB - High dose cisplatin (40 mg/m2 qd x 5) and high dose carboplatin (400 mg/m2 qd x 2) were administered to advanced ovarian cancer patients who were refractory to standard therapy which included standard dose cisplatin regimens. Cisplatin was administered in 250 ml of 3% saline with 61 per day of saline hydration while carboplatin was administered in 500 ml D5W by continuous infusion for 48 hours. Objective responses were observed in 6/19 (32%) patients treated with high dose cisplatin and an additional 8 patients (42%) had minor responses or stable disease. The preliminary response rate in an ongoing phase II trial of high dose CBDCA is 33% (4/12 patients). There have been no responses to high dose CBDCA in patients who were resistant to high dose cisplatin. The dose limiting toxicity of high dose cisplatin is a peripheral neuropathy while high dose carboplatin results in severe, but reversible, myelosuppression. High dose carboplatin was less emetogenic than cisplatin and did not produce renal toxicity or peripheral neuropathy. In addition, in vitro cytotoxicity studies in cisplatin sensitive and resistant human ovarian cancer cell lines demonstrated a steep dose response relationship with both cisplatin and carboplatin and extensive cross resistance between these two platinum analogs. Studies are currently in progress to determine the efficacy and toxicity of high dose cisplatin or high dose carboplatin combined with alkylating agents in previously untreated advanced ovarian cancer patients. PMID- 3910224 TI - Ovarian trials at the Royal Marsden. PMID- 3910225 TI - Phase I trial of carboplatin-cyclophosphamide and iproplatin-cyclophosphamide in advanced ovarian cancer: a Southwest Oncology Group study. AB - The Southwest Oncology Group has carried out a phase I clinical trial of carboplatin plus cyclophosphamide and iproplatin plus cyclophosphamide in 20 patients with stages III and IV ovarian cancer prior to initiating a phase III trial to compare these platinum analog-cyclophosphamide combinations with standard cisplatin-cyclophosphamide therapy. Myelosuppression proved the dose limiting toxicity of both the carboplatin (300 mg/m2) plus cyclophosphamide (600 mg/m2) and iproplatin (180 mg/m2) plus cyclophosphamide (600 mg/m2) regimens. Evaluating up to six courses of therapy (repeated at 4-week intervals), the median nadir WBC and platelet counts associated with carboplatin-cyclophosphamide therapy were 1800 (range, 900-4000) and 69 000 per microliter, respectively, and those associated with iproplatin-cyclophosphamide therapy were 1400 (1100-1600) and 140 000 per microliter, respectively. Although the starting doses of carboplatin and iproplatin required a median decrease of 25%, the median doses of each administered through six courses of therapy were 300 and 180 mg/m2, respectively. Neither nephrotoxicity nor neuropathy were experienced by the patients, but mild to moderate nausea and vomiting occurred in more than 75% of those treated with either drug combination. Alopecia of mild to severe degree was observed in 40% of patients. Although the results of this phase I trial are still preliminary, we can recommend for future phase III trials 300 mg/m2 carboplatin and 180 mg/m2 iproplatin when combined with 600 mg/m2 cyclophosphamide repeated a 4-week intervals for six treatment courses. PMID- 3910226 TI - Potential for platinum analogs in the treatment of cancer of the uterine cervix. PMID- 3910227 TI - Spina bifida--a vanishing nightmare? PMID- 3910228 TI - Evaluation of cerebral blood flow changes by transfontanelle Doppler ultrasound in infantile hydrocephalus. AB - Doppler ultrasound investigation of cerebral blood flow velocity was performed in hydrocephalic infants through the anterior fontanelle. Systolic (S) and end diastolic (D) frequency values recorded on the anterior cerebral artery were used to define the pulsatility index (PI) calculated from the equation PI=S-D/S. Comparison between systolic, end-diastolic and pulsatility index values of 50 normal infants and 10 hydrocephalic infants showed a statistically significant difference (P less than 0.05) for systolic and pulsatility index values. However, no significant difference was found for end-diastolic values. The authors believe that the phenomenon could be explained as an increase of the cerebrovascular compliance which counteracts the increase of the perivascular pressure in an attempt to maintain a normal cerebral blood flow. Therefore, the transfontanelle Doppler ultrasound technique may provide a useful and early tool in diagnosing cerebral blood-flow changes in hydrocephalic infants. PMID- 3910230 TI - Intraspinal communication of sacrococcygeal dermal sinuses. AB - Three cases of sacrococcygeal dermal sinus are reported, all of which terminated in the filum terminale and two of which caused meningitis. Because of the frequent incidence of sacrococcygeal dermal sinus and the rarity of an intraspinal communication, the embryogenesis of sacrococcygeal dermal sinus is discussed in regard to caudal development of the dural sac and the filum terminale. Contrary to contemporary opinion, sacrococcygeal sinuses cannot be disregarded as a route for intraspinal infection. PMID- 3910231 TI - Repair of skull defects by autogenous bone grafts. AB - To repair the infant skull as completely and efficiently as possible, the authors describe and recommend greater use of an autogenous graft taking the outer table of the skull from adjacent or symmetrical sites to the defect. PMID- 3910229 TI - Klippel-Feil syndrome in children: clinical features and management. AB - A retrospective analysis of 11 children with the diagnosis of Klippel-Feil syndrome treated at the University of Minnesota Hospital over a period of 20 years is presented. The salient features of the syndrome and its associated anomalies are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on its neurological aspects, particularly the potential risks of injury to the craniocervical junction and cervical spine. Guidelines for the management of these patients are suggested. PMID- 3910232 TI - Wet oxidation of radiolabeled D-glucose. PMID- 3910233 TI - Cardiac applications of digital radiography. AB - Digital radiography is a rapidly developing new approach to cardiovascular imaging that converts radiographic and fluoroscopic video images into digital format for subsequent image enhancement, analysis, and storage. Cardiac applications proven clinically useful to date include intravenous and reduced contrast load direct left ventriculography, aortic root bypass graft visualization, and selective coronary arteriography, which allows quantification of arterial stenoses and flow reserve. Myocardial functional reserve can be assessed using exercise or atrial pacing. Advantages over standard radiography include reduced radiation and contrast medium burden, visualization of very low contrast medium concentrations, and an image format that can be directly analyzed by quantitative techniques. As these cardiac applications are developed and improved archiving is implemented, it is likely that the digital approach will replace standard cardiac angiography. PMID- 3910235 TI - Temporary cardiac pacing: modes, evaluation of function, equipment, and trouble shooting. AB - Artificial cardiac pacing has become a sophisticated therapeutic and diagnostic tool in the management of arrhythmic cardiac emergencies. Major innovations have occurred in the last three decades since the advent of temporary pacing, and today, pacing can be effected "physiologically" in both chambers. This has been the result of improved venous access techniques, technologic improvements in electrode design, and the development of sophisticated external pulse generators. It has become clear that ventricular pacing alone does not improve the hemodynamic derangement consequent upon ventricular bradycardia and AV dyssynchrony. The restoration of AV synchrony either by atrial pacing preceding ventricular events or by ventricular pacing at a defined AV delay following a sensed atrial event (P wave) can often reverse the hemodynamic derangement and result in both extension of life and more rapid reversal of the clinical compromise in certain cases of acute heart block. Temporary pacing has always been used for bradyarrhythmias, but more recently, antitachycardia pacing is being utilized increasingly in the acute care setting. PMID- 3910234 TI - Evaluation of the patient with syncope. AB - Evaluation of the patient who has experienced spontaneous, transient loss of consciousness requires a comprehensive consideration of many disease etiologies. Syncope may be a relatively benign condition with a good prognosis or may be a precursor of subsequent cardiac arrest and sudden death. In this article, the cardiovascular causes of syncope and the role of electrophysiologic testing in the diagnostic evaluation of patients with syncope are discussed. PMID- 3910236 TI - Myocardial stimulation threshold in patients with cardiac pacemakers: effect of physiologic variables, pharmacologic agents, and lead electrodes. AB - Many factors affect the threshold for myocardial stimulation in patients with cardiac pacemakers. The acute local tissue reaction at the electrode-myocardium interface accounts for early threshold rises and may be minimized by choice of specific electrodes (steroid-eluting or carbon-tip). Physiologic variations due to changes in autonomic tone (including eating, sleeping, and exercise) account for day-to-day fluctuations in pacing threshold. Electrolyte and metabolic abnormalities, especially hyperkalemia, alkalosis, acidosis, and hyperglycemia, increase the pacing threshold. Commonly used antiarrhythmic drugs (quinidine and procainamide) also increase pacing threshold. Patients with pacemakers who require antiarrhythmic agents or who have coincident metabolic or electrolyte disturbances should be observed closely for failure to capture. Management of failure to capture is directed at removing the inciting cause and attempting to lower the pacing threshold with isoproterenol, if the situation is urgent. Acute increases in pacing threshold immediately following pacing system implantation can be treated with corticosteroids. Increasing the energy output of programmable pacemakers, in specific circumstances, or insertion of a temporary pacemaker capable of delivering higher energy output than the implanted generator may also be successful. PMID- 3910237 TI - Programmability: a clinical approach. AB - Programmability is a vital characteristic of any implantable pacing system. It allows the physician to alter or adjust pulse-generator behavior at any time during or after pacemaker insertion. This capability has been shown to reduce the need for reoperation to correct sensing and pacing malfunctions. Moreover, programmability can be utilized to prolong battery life, evaluate lead-electrode performance, and individualize the pacemaker prescription. PMID- 3910238 TI - Arrhythmias in single-chamber pacemakers. AB - Arrhythmias mediated by normal pacemaker functions and induced by pacemaker malfunctions are listed in Tables 1 and 2. Frequently, a careful review of the performance specifications in the technical or physician manual of the pacemaker model in question will provide a better understanding of pacemaker-related arrhythmias. By reprogramming selected parameters, the physician may eliminate the arrhythmia and avoid replacement of a normally functioning pulse generator. PMID- 3910239 TI - Pacemaker syndrome: definition and evaluation. AB - The pacemaker syndrome is an iatrogenic disorder that can result from hemodynamic sequelae of ventricular pacing. Symptoms range from fatigability to syncope and occur during the time the ventricles are being stimulated by the pulse generator. Postulated mechanisms include loss of atrioventricular synchrony, vasodepressor reflexes, and retrograde atrial activation. Prevention is attempted by selection of the appropriate pacing mode for the individual patient. Remission results from restoration of atrioventricular synchrony. PMID- 3910240 TI - Normal and abnormal rhythms associated with dual-chamber pacemakers. AB - Except for the unique eccentricities of individual devices, most dual-chamber paced rhythms, both normal and abnormal, are readily understood and lend themselves to analysis if the programmed parameters are known. Although they may appear intimidating, this need not be the case if the physician is initially willing to devote both time and effort to understanding them. Learning is not a passive exercise. It is therefore suggested that when the patient is clearly stable and doing well and there is no active concern about a possible pacing system malfunction, the physician should obtain and carefully analyze selected tracings. This analysis should include the diagramming of all pertinent intervals (atrial escape interval, AV delay interval, maximum tracking rate interval, postventricular atrial refractory period, blanking period, and ventricular refractory period) by placing these cycles under the respective P and R waves and atrial and ventricular pacing pulses on the selected rhythm strips. Then, if something does not appear to fit or make sense, a colleague or the manufacturer can be contacted for clarification. These exercises will help develop one's ability to handle these rhythms. This exercise is preferable to first attempting such an analysis when presented with a patient in whom a problem is already suspected. Despite this effort, confusing rhythms will occasionally be encountered. In these cases, the added features of telemetry, enabling interrogation of programmed and measured data (see Fig. 30), endocardial electrograms (see Fig. 2), and generation of marker pulses are proving to be extremely valuable in the rapid and accurate assessment of the more complex pacemaker rhythms. PMID- 3910241 TI - Electrical therapy of arrhythmias. AB - Pacing, cardioversion, and defibrillation may be used separately or in sequence for the termination of certain cardiac arrhythmias. Each is presently available in the form of an implantable device for long-term tachycardia therapy. The purpose of this article is to review the current applications and future directions of these new modalities. PMID- 3910242 TI - Recent clinical experience with the automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillator. AB - The automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator is an electronic device designed to monitor the heart continuously, identify ventricular tachycardias and ventricular fibrillation, and terminate the life-threatening arrhythmias with an internal countershock. This device has been proved to be safe and effective, and its use has led to a significant decrease of arrhythmic mortality in the implantees. PMID- 3910243 TI - Doppler-echocardiographic assessment of cardiac pacemakers. AB - A complete echocardiography laboratory now offers not only M-mode and two dimensional echocardiography but also pulsed, continuous-wave, and color Doppler flow mapping. There are innumerable practical applications of these combined modalities to the clinical management of patients with pacemakers. These include not only the anatomic documentation of lead position and diagnosis of perforations but also evaluation of pacing-related hemodynamics on a beat-to-beat basis. This is particularly valuable for "fine-tuning" multiprogrammable features of the pacing system in an individual patient. PMID- 3910244 TI - Nonsurgical retrieval of an accidentally dislodged vent catheter retention ring. AB - During open mitral commissurotomy in a patient with mitral stenosis, a vent catheter retention ring was accidentally slipped off into the left atrium and lodged near the orifice of the right renal artery. Nonsurgical retrieval of this intraarterial foreign body was performed successfully under fluoroscopic guidance in the operating room using a combined approach of angiographic catheters and guidewire, these being inserted via the arteriotomy site of the right femoral artery created for cardiopulmonary bypass. PMID- 3910245 TI - Cardiac digital subtraction angiography: peripheral versus central intravenous dye injections. AB - Peripheral and central intravenous injections of contrast material were performed during the cardiac digital subtraction angiographic (DSA) studies of 24 patients keeping constant X-ray exposure factors, volume of dye, and angiographic projection. The resulting continuous-mask-subtracted runs of cardiac images were videotaped and reviewed by three observers. In a forced-choice comparison, the central injection was judged to produce images of superior technical quality 42 times as opposed to 30 times for the peripheral injection. When comparing the diagnostic quality of the studies, the reviewers found no significant difference in diagnostic adequacy in 65 judgments (90%). They found the central injection to be superior in diagnostic quality in four judgments (twice in the same patient) and the peripheral injection superior in three judgments (all in the same patient). Although central intravenous injections produce slightly better cardiac digital subtraction angiographic images, we have found peripheral injections diagnostically adequate for most of these studies and favor them for simplicity and ease of performance. PMID- 3910246 TI - Intravenous digital subtraction angiography in diagnosis of vascular graft occlusion. AB - Differentiation is often difficult between vascular graft occlusion and progression of underlying disease in patients after vascular surgery. We have studied 57 patients after surgery for traumatic and atherosclerotic arterial occlusion and other vascular anomalies using a commercial digital subtraction angiography (DSA) unit; no complications occurred. Indications for examination included pain, diminished pulse, and failure of catheter angiography. Graft patency was established if proximal and distal anastomoses were visualized; occlusion was diagnosed if no graft was imaged or vascular stump found--noted in 31 grafts. Our diagnosis was proved surgically in 24 patients (two refused operation); three others were confirmed angiographically and one by Doppler ultrasonic examination. In our experience DSA is a safe, specific means of following postoperative grafts and diagnosing their occlusion. PMID- 3910248 TI - Localization of carotid cavernous fistula using digital subtraction angiography. AB - Digital subtraction angiography (DSA), with its rapid imaging rate (30 video frames per second) and immediately available subtraction images, provides excellent vascular detail in localization of the exact site of internal carotid cavernous fistula. In a patient with two fistulas, we successfully used DSA to determine the sites of fistula and accurately positioned detachable balloons to occlude them. PMID- 3910247 TI - Intravenous digital subtraction angiography in patients with femoral arteriovenous fistulas and ilio-iliac crossover graft. AB - Fourteen patients with femoral arteriovenous (AV) fistulas and ilio-iliac crossover bypass grafts after postthrombotic occlusion of an iliac vein were studied by intravenous digital subtraction angiography (IV DSA). Digital radiography's utility may be evaluated in the demonstration of the vascular status of AV fistulas and venous return through the reopened iliac vein or ilio iliac graft. Digital subtraction imaging is a suitable modality to plan operations, such as closure of temporary AV fistula. In follow-up studies of these cases, patency of the crossover bypass can be assessed by noninvasive DSA of the ascending veins. PMID- 3910249 TI - Evaluation of the prone position in digital subtraction angiography of the kidneys. AB - In visualizing the kidneys and renal arteries, the digital subtraction angiography (DSA) image is degraded by peristalsis and overlying bowel gas. In 25 patients we evaluated the efficacy of the prone position to counter these technical difficulties and found that the prone position offers visualization superior to the supine, especially in obese and uncooperative patients and those with abundant bowel gas. We advocate that prone imaging be included routinely in renal DSA. PMID- 3910250 TI - Comparison of intravenous digital subtraction angiography to conventional aortography in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm. AB - Evaluation of intravenous digital subtraction angiography (IV DSA) in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm was performed by obtaining catheter aortograms immediately before DSA studies in ten patients. Diagnostic images were obtained in nine of ten digital subtraction examinations. Although repeat injections were necessary in six DSA and three conventional aortography cases for adequate imaging of both cephalad and caudal extension of the aneurysm, average contrast dose was 53 cc (62 cc in standard catheter studies). Renal artery stenosis was diagnosed by DSA in two of three vessels, multiple renal arteries were demonstrated by both modalities in two cases. Digital subtraction and conventional aortographic findings were proved at surgery. Intravenous DSA was shown to be useful in the preoperative evaluation of patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm. PMID- 3910251 TI - Digital angiography in evaluation of orthopedic tumors. AB - Preoperative evaluation of orthopedic tumors using digital subtraction angiography (DSA) proved useful to ascertain the nature of the lesion, its extension to soft tissues and joints, and the presence of arteriovenous (AV) shunts. We report that overall accuracy varied from 89% to 92%, depending on the feature evaluated. The importance of angiographic examination of this entity is discussed as well as the advantages of DSA over conventional angiography. PMID- 3910252 TI - Adverse effects of high dose aspirin on platelet adhesion to experimental autogenous vein grafts. AB - Prostacyclin (PGI2) production and platelet adhesion were studied in veins grafted into the arterial system of rabbits. Animal groups consisted of: no treatment; low dose aspirin (ASA) (0.5 mg . kg-1 X 24 h-1) plus dipyridamole (2 mg . kg-1 X 6 h-1); high dose ASA (40 mg . kg-1 X 24 h-1) plus dipyridamole (2 mg . kg-1 X 6 h-1); dipyridamole (2 mg . kg-1 X 6 h-1) alone. Results showed that vein grafts from animals treated with high dose ASA plus dipyridamole produced significantly less PGI2 than the other three groups (p less than 0.05 compared with the dipyridamole group; p less than 0.01 compared with the other two groups). In addition, there was significantly greater platelet deposition on the vein grafts from this high dose ASA group as compared to the low dose ASA group (p less than 0.05). By contrast, animals treated with dipyridamole alone had significantly less platelet deposition compared to both the control and high dose ASA groups (p less than 0.05). High dose ASA given to prevent thrombotic occlusion following coronary artery bypass grafting may, by reducing PGI2, result in enhanced platelet deposition. This in turn is likely to increase intimal hyperplasia as has been demonstrated previously with high dose ASA. Clinical studies, which have shown the early anti-thrombotic benefits of high dose ASA plus dipyridamole, have not measured graft intimal thickness. Since this process is an important cause of graft narrowing, ASA, in high dose, may adversely affect long-term graft survival. PMID- 3910253 TI - [Immunoreactive insulin and comprehensive spa therapy]. PMID- 3910254 TI - [Josef Skoda--physician and patriot]. PMID- 3910255 TI - [How clinical biochemistry evolved in Czechoslovakia]. PMID- 3910256 TI - [Pediatricians in Ostrava in the '50s]. PMID- 3910257 TI - [30 years of hemodialysis therapy in Czechoslovakia (9 December 1955-9 December 1985)]. PMID- 3910258 TI - The malaria problem in Zimbabwe. Epidemiology. PMID- 3910259 TI - The clinical features and laboratory findings in acute Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Harare, Zimbabwe. PMID- 3910261 TI - Current status of antiplaque agents. PMID- 3910262 TI - Professional mechanical oral hygiene practices in the prevention and control of periodontal diseases. PMID- 3910260 TI - Changes in headache after treatment of mandibular dysfunction. AB - To analyse the effect of treatment of mandibular dysfunction on headache, 35 patients with migraine, 20 patients with combination headache and 36 patients with muscle contraction headache were studied in a clinical double-blind trial. Patients in the treatment group received occlusal adjustment and those in the placebo group mock occlusal adjustment. After eight months and four months, respectively, the neurologist evaluated the treatment outcome. The frequency of headache was reduced in 79% and the intensity in 53% of patients suffering from muscle contraction headache or combination headache in whom the adjustment of the dental occlusion had been successfully accomplished. The difference from the placebo group was statistically significant. The decrease in headache frequency as calculated from the headache diaries correlated with the decrease in the index of clinical signs of mandibular dysfunction. PMID- 3910263 TI - The role of restorative dentistry in the prevention of periodontal failures. PMID- 3910264 TI - Current trends in periodontal diagnosis. PMID- 3910265 TI - [Activity of the Czechoslovak Pharmaceutical Society in 1984]. PMID- 3910266 TI - [The reliability of clinical, hormonal and ultrasonic examination in the diagnosis of extrauterine pregnancy]. PMID- 3910267 TI - [Contribution of ultrasonic diagnosis to the early diagnosis of pregnancy]. PMID- 3910268 TI - [Czechoslovak physiology 1945-85]. PMID- 3910269 TI - [Metabolism of branched amino acids in patients with an intact or damaged liver]. PMID- 3910270 TI - [Modern questions of research on demyelinization]. PMID- 3910271 TI - [Therapeutic deep stimulation of the CNS in adults with infantile cerebral palsy]. PMID- 3910272 TI - [Cilia--disorders of their structure and function]. PMID- 3910273 TI - [Quality of insulin preparations and their effect on the utilization of insulin in juvenile diabetics]. PMID- 3910274 TI - [The effect of various factors on the use of insulin in juvenile diabetics. I]. PMID- 3910275 TI - [Health care and the partisan movement in Moravia]. PMID- 3910276 TI - [Ultrasonic picture of non-parasitic liver cysts and pyogenic abscesses]. PMID- 3910277 TI - A convenient synthesis of (+)-9(O)-methanoprostacyclin. PMID- 3910278 TI - Effects of ethanol on the induction of respiration-deficient mutants in yeast by metal ions. PMID- 3910280 TI - Synthesis of a 42 residue peptide corresponding to the entire amino acid sequence of human GIP. PMID- 3910279 TI - Partial purification and biological activity of the product of chemically synthesized human growth hormone gene expression in Escherichia coli. PMID- 3910281 TI - [Exclusive observations on renal isoplastic transplantation and patient care]. PMID- 3910282 TI - [Nursing of stress ulcer complicated by massive bleeding after kidney transplantation]. PMID- 3910283 TI - [Use of cyclosporin A in renal transplantation: clinical observation and nursing]. PMID- 3910284 TI - [Advance in cardio-pulmonary resuscitation]. PMID- 3910285 TI - Role of sterol carrier protein in cholesterol metabolism. AB - This report summarizes our recent studies on the protein known as sterol carrier protein (SCP) or fatty acid binding protein (FABP). SCP is a highly abundant, ubiquitous protein with multifunctional roles in the regulation of lipid metabolism and transport. SCP in vitro activates membrane-bound enzymes catalyzing cholesterol synthesis and metabolism, as well as those catalyzing long chain fatty acid metabolism. SCP also binds cholesterol and fatty acids with high affinity and rapidly penetrates cholesterol containing model membranes. Studies in vivo showed SCP undergoes a remarkable diurnal cycle in level and synthesis, induced by hormones and regulated in liver by translational events. SCP rapidly responds in vivo to physiological events and manipulations affecting lipid metabolism by changes in level. Thus SCP appears to be an important regulator of lipid metabolism. Preliminary evidence is presented that SCP is secreted by liver and intestine into blood and then taken up by tissues requiring SCP but incapable of adequate SCP synthesis. PMID- 3910287 TI - The allyl group for protection in carbohydrate chemistry. 17. Synthesis of propyl O-(3,6-di-O-methyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1----4)-O-(2,3- di-O-methyl-alpha-L rhamnopyranosyl)-(1----2)-3-O-methyl-alpha- L-rhamnopyranoside: the oligosaccharide portion of the major serologically active glycolipid from Mycobacterium leprae. AB - Allyl 4-O-benzyl-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside was converted into allyl 4-O-benzyl-3-O methyl-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside and this was condensed with 2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl chloride to give a disaccharide derivative which was converted into allyl 4-O-benzyl-2-O-(2,3-O-isopropylidene-alpha-L rhamnopyranosyl)-3-O-methyl -alpha- L-rhamnopyranoside. This disaccharide derivative was condensed with 2,4-di-O-acetyl-3,6-di-O-methyl-alpha-D glucopyranosyl chloride to give a trisaccharide derivative which was converted into the title compound. This compound represents the oligosaccharide portion of the major serologically active glycolipid from Mycobacterium leprae which is required to prepare a synthetic diagnostic agent for leprosy infection at an early stage and to investigate the specificities of monoclonal antibodies directed towards the glycolipid. PMID- 3910286 TI - Sterol carrier and lipid transfer proteins. AB - The discovery of the sterol carrier and lipid transfer proteins was largely a result of the findings that cells contained cytosolic factors which were required either for the microsomal synthesis of cholesterol or which could accelerate the transfer or exchange of phospholipids between membrane preparations. There are two sterol carrier proteins present in rat liver cytosol. Sterol carrier protein 1 (SCP1) (Mr 47 000) participates in the microsomal conversion of squalene to lanosterol, and sterol carrier protein 2 (SCP2) (Mr 13 500) participates in the microsomal conversion of lanosterol to cholesterol. In addition SCP2 also markedly stimulates the esterification of cholesterol by rat liver microsomes, as well as the conversion of cholesterol to 7 alpha-hydroxycholesterol - the major regulatory step in bile acid formation. Also, SCP2 is required for the intracellular transfer of cholesterol from adrenal cytoplasmic lipid inclusion droplets to mitochondria for steroid hormone production, as well as cholesterol transfer from the outer to the inner mitochondrial membrane. SCP2 is identical to the non-specific phospholipid exchange protein. While SCP2 is capable of phospholipid exchange between artificial donors/acceptors, e.g. liposomes and microsomes, it does not enhance the release of lipids other than unesterified cholesterol from natural donors/acceptors, e.g. adrenal lipid inclusion droplets, and will not enhance exchange of labeled phosphatidylcholine between lipid droplets and mitochondria. Careful comparison of SCP2 and fatty acid binding protein (FABP) using six different assay procedures demonstrates separate and distinct physiological functions for each protein, with SCP2 participating in reactions involving sterols and FABP participating in reactions involving fatty acid binding and/or transport. Furthermore, there is no overlap in substrate specificities, i.e. FABP does not possess sterol carrier protein activity and SCP2 does not specifically bind or transport fatty acid. The results described in the present review support the concept that intracellular lipid transfer is a highly specific process, far more substrate-specific than suggested by the earlier studies conducted using liposomal techniques. PMID- 3910288 TI - David Shapiro (1903-1985). PMID- 3910289 TI - [In vivo and in vitro sensitivity to 4-aminoquinolines of Plasmodium falciparum in Madagascar: results of 2 years' study]. AB - 563 cases of Falciparum malaria were detected in 1984 and 1985 in 7 malarial zones covering 3 climatic regions in Madagascar. All subjects underwent a therapeutic test; 175 strains of Plasmodium falciparum were isolated for in vitro drug sensitivity studies. 28 strains which were moderately chloroquine resistant in vitro were identified in 1983 in these various zones. However, 16% strains studied in 1984 in Alatsinainy (plateaux area), were chloroquine-resistant in vitro. The in vitro sensitivity to the other amino-4-quinolines seemed to be retained. In vivo, 7% of resistance type RI or RII were noted with 25 mg/kg of chloroquine but none with 25 mg/kg of amodiaquine. The usual therapeutic schedule for partially immune subjects (10 mg/kg in one dose) was ineffective on day 7 in 34% of the cases with chloroquine and 5% of the cases with amodiaquine. In conclusion to this study, we recommend that chemoprophylaxis should be stopped in schools in Madagascar and that presumed malarial attacks should be treated with a minimum dose of 25 mg/kg of chloroquine in 3 days. We suggest that amodiaquine should be used in cases of therapeutic failure with chloroquine. PMID- 3910290 TI - [Study of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women in Cameroon]. AB - A 48.5% of premunition in 421 pregnant women living in the Western part of Cameroon is observed with an anti-Toxoplasma gondii indirect immunofluorescence test. Considering the age, this study emphasizes the risk of contamination in genital activity period. PMID- 3910291 TI - [Indications for suppressive pituitary interstitial stereogammatherapy in diabetic retinopathy]. PMID- 3910292 TI - [Value of x-ray computed tomography and echography for intraocular and intraorbital foreign bodies]. PMID- 3910293 TI - [X-ray computed tomography and echography B in the localization of metallic intraocular foreign bodies. Apropos of 33 cases]. PMID- 3910294 TI - [Use of Healon in surgery of the anterior segment. Apropos of 52 cases]. PMID- 3910295 TI - [Hypertension and conversion enzyme inhibitors]. PMID- 3910296 TI - Prospective double-blind trial of two different doses of mefloquine plus pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine compared with pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine alone in the treatment of falciparum malaria. AB - This double-blind study is based on the treatment of 75 adult male patients suffering from Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Medellin, Colombia, a city in which there is no malaria transmission. The patients, who came from regions with high resistance to antimalarials, were divided into three groups receiving single dose treatment as follows: a combination of 280 mg mefloquine, 800 mg sulfadoxine and 40 mg pyrimethamine; a combination of 420 mg mefloquine, 1200 mg sulfadoxine and 60 mg pyrimethamine; and a combination of 1500 mg sulfadoxine and 75 mg pyrimethamine. After treatment, follow-up examination was performed daily for I week and then weekly for another 3 weeks. The cure rate in the mefloquine groups (within the study period of 28 days) was 100%, and in the third group 75%. Normal blood levels of the administered drugs were found in 6 patients of the third group who were not cured; they were subsequently cured with a single dose of 1000 mg of mefloquine. Drug tolerance was good and no toxic effects were demonstrated in blood and urine examinations. While the doses in the drug combinations (containing mefloquine) gave very good results, we would recommend a slightly higher dose combination of mefloquine with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for the treatment of falciparum malaria in areas with a high prevalence of chloroquine resistance. PMID- 3910297 TI - Failure of large-dose erythromycin in combination with a standard dose of chloroquine or quinine in the treatment of human falciparum malaria. AB - In eastern Thailand, falciparum malaria is highly chloroquine-resistant and is quickly becoming quinine-resistant. In the present study, ten patients with falciparum malaria were given large doses of erythromycin, combined with standard doses of chloroquine; the cure rate was 0 out of 10 (4 RIII failures, 6 RII failures). A further ten patients were given erythromycin with standard doses of quinine; 2 of the 10 patients were cured (8 RI failures). These regimens thus appear to have no appreciable effect against falciparum infections in eastern Thailand. PMID- 3910298 TI - Rice-based oral rehydration solution decreases the stool volume in acute diarrhoea. PMID- 3910299 TI - Bacteriological methods for distinguishing between human and animal faecal pollution of water: results of fieldwork in Nigeria and Zimbabwe. AB - Bacteriological techniques have traditionally been used to detect faecal pollution of drinking water supplies. Recently, methods have been developed to distinguish between human and animal faecal pollution in temperate climates. The present study assessed the applicability and practicality of these methods in tropical countries. Fieldwork in Nigeria and Zimbabwe has shown that animal faecal pollution can reliably be identified by the detection and enumeration of Rhodococcus coprophilus using modified M3 agar, whereas human faecal contamination can be identified by the detection of sorbitol-fermenting bifidobacteria. Each of these organisms was detected only in the faeces of the type (human or animal) that it was meant to indicate. Although Streptococcus bovis has been used in the past in mainly temperate countries to distinguish animal from human faecal contamination, the present study has shown that this organism is not a reliable indicator of animal pollution in the tropics because it was excreted by a proportion of the human population in both Nigeria and Zimbabwe. Water sources known to be contaminated by human or animal excreta were examined for these indicator organisms. The results correlated with the results obtained from examining human and animal faecal specimens for these organisms. The role of these bacteriological methods in water pollution control programmes is discussed. PMID- 3910300 TI - Progress in enzyme immunoassays: production of reagents, experimental design, and interpretation. AB - Enzyme immunoassays represent in many cases the preferred procedure for the detection of antigens or corresponding antibodies. However, many of the current procedures are performed suboptimally. This article reviews the available designs, auxiliary recognition systems, production and purification of antibodies, conjugation procedures, solid-phase materials, recording and interpretation of results, and quality control and standardization of procedures to improve the reproducibility of tests. PMID- 3910301 TI - Visual imagery and the use of mental practice in the development of motor skills. AB - This paper provides a critical review of research on mental practice, with special emphasis on works investigating the role of visual imagery in this type of learning technique. Relevant properties of images and conditions required for their effectiveness in mental practice of motor skills are analyzed in the light of empirical evidence. The paper examines the specific question of individual imagery differences in mental practice research. Finally, implications for future research are discussed as regards the impact of certain kinds of physical training on mental imagery. PMID- 3910302 TI - Androgens, behaviour and nocturnal erection in hypogonadal men: the effects of varying the replacement dose. AB - The behavioural effects of varying the replacement dose of the oral androgen testosterone undecanoate (TU, Restandol) were investigated in eight hypogonadal men. Each man was withdrawn from his previous androgen replacement regimen and after a period of no treatment was administered four doses of TU (40, 80, 120 and 160 mg/d) in four successive one-month treatment periods using a double-blind design. Throughout the study each man recorded his sexual interest, behaviour and mood state using a daily diary form. In addition, four hypogonadal subjects had sleep erections and sleep quality assessed in the laboratory during a state of androgen withdrawal and again after a minimum of 5 months of androgen treatment. A dose response relationship was demonstrated for frequency of sexual thoughts, arousal accompanying sexual thoughts and well-being. Sleep erections improved significantly during testosterone administration. In men, sexual interest and sleep erections are androgen-dependent. PMID- 3910304 TI - Enhanced renin secretion in adrenalectomized rats with glucocorticoid-induced hypertension. AB - The role of circulating epinephrine in the regulation of renin release was studied in unanesthetized rats with glucocorticoid-induced hypertension. Biadrenalectomized Wistar rats were made hypertensive with methylprednisolone (20 mg/kg s.c. weekly) for 2 weeks and supplemented with deoxycorticosterone pivalate (10 mg/kg s.c. weekly). Sham-operated controls received the same treatment. Baseline weight, mean intra-arterial blood pressure and heart rate of the groups were the same. In both adrenalectomized and sham-operated rats plasma renin activity was determined after a 30 min infusion of the beta-adrenoceptor stimulant isoproterenol (40 ng/min) or its vehicle. Isoproterenol had no blood pressure effect and accelerated heart rate to a similar extent in rats with and without adrenals. Plasma renin activity was significantly higher in epinephrine deficient than in sham-operated rats. Renin secretion was significantly enhanced by isoproterenol in both groups of rats. These data therefore indicate that in rats with glucocorticoid-induced hypertension the renin-angiotensin system is activated by adrenalectomy, despite the fact that adrenal insufficiency cannot develop. It also appears that rats lacking of circulating epinephrine for a prolonged period do not exhibit an abnormal responsiveness of renin secretion to the stimulation of renal beta-adrenoceptors. PMID- 3910303 TI - Effects of a fixed combination of low dose nifedipine and acebutolol on essential hypertension: comparison with standard dose acebutolol. AB - 114 patients from four clinics participated in a double blind study designed to assess the efficacy of a nifedipine-acebutolol fixed combination -10 mg + 100 mg as compared with acebutolol -200 mg- in essential hypertension. During the ten week study the mean blood pressure readings (s.d.) 1-3 h after treatment decreased from 179.2/104.8 (10.2/6.2) to 150.3/87.7 (9.8/7.7) in the combination group and from 181.7/106.5 (14.4/7.0) to 150.4/89.0 (15.0/10.4) in the acebutolol group. The mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures were also decreased after exertion (load) and 24 hours after treatment at the end of the 6th week of the study. A doubling of the dose from week 7 to 10 did not change these figures. These results reveal the possibility of treating essential hypertension with a low dose of beta-adrenergic blocking agents in combination with 10 mg nifedipine. Both drugs were well tolerated. 3 patients (5%) in the combination group and 3 patients in the acebutolol group were withdrawn from the study because of headache and dizziness. PMID- 3910305 TI - Adrenocorticosteroids: chemistry, synthesis and disturbances in disease. AB - The biosynthesis of adrenocortical steroids is now a reasonably well understood process, which proceeds by discrete, enzyme directed steps from cholesterol to the various hormonal steroids. However, much of our knowledge derives from studies of animal tissues and there is a need for further studies of human glands. In particular, the details of individual enzyme systems, and the extent and significance of compartmentalization of steroid intermediates requires further exploration. The adrenal metabolic errors also merit further study, to clarify some aspects of congenital adrenal hyperplasia and to explain the relationship between biochemical and clinical observations. The advent of immunoassay methods for the measurement of steroid hormone levels in plasma has changed the approach to diagnostic steroid endocrinology, with less emphasis now on the measurement of urinary steroid metabolites, particularly in regard to androgens. The newer and sensitive methods available also allow the assay of steroid hormones in saliva, and the ready availability of this fluid, and the fact that sampling is a non-invasive technique makes salivary steroid assay an attractive alternative to other, traditional methods of investigation requiring blood or urine collection. Inhibitors of steroid biosynthesis and of steroid action have been used with considerable success in diagnostic techniques and to a limited extent in the treatment of steroid disorders. As our understanding of the details of steroid biosynthesis, mechanism of steroid action, and control of steroid secretion improve, further progress in designing clinically useful inhibitors should be possible. PMID- 3910306 TI - Congenital adrenal hyperplasia. PMID- 3910307 TI - Ageing and the stomach. AB - Minor alterations of gastric function are frequently found in the elderly, but are rarely of any consequence. The attrition of normal defences followed by inadequate reparative response leads to an increasing number of significant ailments while simultaneously muting their clinical manifestations. Greater recognition of the nature of these ailments and their protean presentation should improve their detection and, hopefully, the outcome for the patient. PMID- 3910308 TI - Alterations in the liver with ageing. PMID- 3910309 TI - Aspects of nutrition in the elderly. AB - Malnutrition in the elderly is inseparably linked to disease, immobility and social isolation. Although in percentage terms the numbers of malnourished elderly may be small, in hospital practice clinically important malnutrition is more widespread. Prevention of malnutrition is not simply a matter of distributing vitamin supplements to the elderly in the community-consideration must be given to alleviation of many of the adverse environmental conditions affecting older people. The role of dietary manipulations in the prevention and treatment of chronic degenerative disorders of later life needs further studies before satisfactory conclusions may be drawn. PMID- 3910310 TI - Pathology of the ageing--diverticular disease. AB - The correlation of increased incidence of diverticular disease with age is well documented. Such a correlation results from the development of a structural change in the taeniae coli, a progressive elastosis. The consequences of this elastosis are a shortening of the taeniae coli and a subsequent change in the circular muscle layer secondary to this. This type of structural alteration takes time to develop and thus explains the time lag experienced between a change in diet and an altered incidence of the disease. Eastwood et al (1982) have suggested that diverticular disease is merely a normal concomitant of ageing which is degenerative in nature. However, the changes in structure in this condition appear to be dynamic, being associated with an altered intraluminal environment. Such a concept is crucial to our understanding of the pathology of ageing in general. Atherogenesis is associated with muscle cell hypertrophy, another dynamic change, which also leads to elastin formation. This suggests that treatment of such conditions should not just be limited to the control of an inevitable deterioration but should be directed to the investigation of the stimuli that may trigger such conditions. For example, it is interesting to speculate exactly when the changes that lead to diverticular disease begin: not only is a high fibre diet eaten in Africa, but breast-feeding may continue until the age of two years. The greatest increase in thickness in the normal colon occurs in this period and it may be that early weaning distorts this proliferation. The initiating factor in the aetiology of elastogenesis could be the small stools produced on a 'Western' diet which only intermittently distend the colon. Arterial smooth muscle cells increase their uptake of elastin precursors (particularly proline) when subjected to intermittent distension (Leung et al, 1976) and this may form a common link in the changes generated in vascular and colonic muscle tissue with time. This type of change is independent of alterations in motility and thus explains why asymptomatic patients have a normal motility index (Weinreich and Anderson, 1976). The muscular thickening in uncomplicated diverticular disease can therefore be explained in terms of elastosis and contracture of the taeniae coli in the presence of normal muscle cells. This does not exclude the possibility that hypertrophy and hyperplasia of these cells can develop in response to subsequent pericolic inflammation and fibrosis. PMID- 3910311 TI - Ischaemia. PMID- 3910312 TI - Binding of C3 fragments to the Trypanosoma cruzi surface in the absence of specific antibodies and without activation of the complement cascade. AB - Bloodstream trypomastigotes (BTry) of Trypanosoma cruzi were found to bind to their surface membrane in-vitro fragments of C3, namely C3b and/or C3bi. Different reagents specific for C3 were used: anti-C3c serum and anti-C3 monoclonal antibodies; bovine conglutinine and yeast particles. The BTry, isolated from acutely infected mice and maintained on a complement-free culture medium (TC-199), were strongly agglutinated by these reagents or formed clumps with the yeast only after being previously treated with fresh or heat inactivated normal human serum. It is suggested that the binding of C3b fragments to the parasite membrane may influence the extent or the nature of the early events during T. cruzi infection allowing the BTry to escape complement destruction by the alternative complement pathway. PMID- 3910313 TI - Demonstration and characterization of anti-human mitochondria autoantibodies in idiopathic hypoparathyroidism and in other conditions. AB - We studied 32 patients with idiopathic hypoparathyroidism (IHP), 19 patients with organ-specific autoimmune diseases (OSAD) without IHP, 50 normal controls and a known serum with anti-mitochondrial autoantibodies (AMA). Patients' sera were tested by the classical indirect immunofluorescent technique and by the indirect immunofluorescent complement fixation technique on unfixed cryostat sections of normal human parathyroid, pancreas, thyroid, stomach, kidney, and rat kidney. Five out of 32 patients with IHP, three out of 19 patients with OSAD without IHP and one out of 50 normal controls revealed a bright reactivity against oxyphil cells and a weak reactivity against chief cells of normal parathyroid. These sera also brightly reacted with mitochondria-rich cells and weakly with the remaining cells of only human tissues. The absorption of positive sera with human mitochondria completely abolished this positivity but the absorption with rat mitochondria failed to prevent this reaction. This reactivity was due to an anti human mitochondrial autoantibody (AHMA) of IgG class. By non-competitive ELISA and Western blot we also demonstrated that every AHMA-positive serum mainly reacted against a human mitochondrial membrane-bound protein of approximate mol. wt. of 46 kd, while the AMA-positive serum reacted against different mitochondrial antigens. The present study shows that a specific parathyroid autoantibody was not detectable in patients with IHP. PMID- 3910314 TI - Suboptimal C3b/C3bi deposition and defective yeast opsonization. II. Partial purification and preliminary characterization of an opsonic co-factor able to correct sera with the defect. AB - Using a correction assay a factor essential for normal deposition of C3 fragments on zymosan was identified in fractions of serum obtained by Sephacryl S-300 gel filtration (eluting between IgG and albumin), preparative Pevikon block electrophoresis (eluting in the beta-region) and DEAE-ion-exchange chromatography (eluting immediately post IgG). Active material was also identified in a commercial preparation of transferrin. A combination of DEAE-ion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration was used to partially purify the co-factor. The factor has an approximate relative molecular mass of 70,000-80,000. PMID- 3910315 TI - The involvement of dendritic cells in the cutaneous lesions associated with tuberculoid and lepromatous leprosy. AB - Full thickness skin biopsies were examined from 12 untreated leprosy patients and included five borderline tuberculoid (BT leprosy), five borderline lepromatous (BL leprosy) and two subpolar lepromatous leprosy cases. The non-lymphoid mononuclear cells present in the dermal infiltrates were analysed with immunohistological techniques using monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) which in normal tissues identify subpopulations of macrophage-like cells in tissue sections; RFD2 (recognizing all and monocytes/macrophages), RFD1 (recognizing interdigitating cells), NA1/34 (recognizing Langerhans cells) and RFD7 (recognizing only mature tissue macrophages). It was observed that using these MoAb no single cell type was unique to a particular state of the disease but that major differences in the proportions of these non-lymphoid mononuclear cells existed between BT leprosy and BL and LL leprosy. In BL leprosy lesions RFD2+ macrophages were the major cell type although a significant number (15-30%) of RFD1+ macrophage-like cells were also present. In contrast, in the dermal infiltrates of BT leprosy, RFD1+ cells were the predominant cell type (45-55%). The distribution of NA1/34+ Langerhans cells and the expression of Class II major histocompatibility (MHC) antigens was characteristically different in BT, BL and LL leprosy. The relationship between the presence and phenotype of cells considered to be involved in antigen presentation is discussed in relationship to the different clinical states in leprosy. PMID- 3910316 TI - Inhibition of natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity by lipids extracted from Mycobacterium bovis BCG. AB - Several studies have demonstrated an augmentation of natural killer (NK) cell mediated cytotoxicity by various adjuvants including BCG. Inhibitory effects of BCG have also been reported, particularly for relatively high doses. Because the cell wall of Mycobacterium bovis BCG contains a high proportion of lipids, the possibility was considered that these lipids may modulate NK activity. A total lipid fraction was extracted from Mycobacterium bovis BCG and used for the lipid modulation of NK effector and target cells. Treatment of effector or target cells resulted in decreased membrane fluidity and decreased NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity in both cases. Pretreatment of target cells did not affect the binding between target and effector cells, as shown in the single cell assay, whereas pretreatment of effectors resulted in inhibition of conjugation. It was further demonstrated that treatment of target cells which were first programmed for lysis protected these cells from subsequent lysis during the killer cell independent lysis stage. The results of this study suggest that adverse effects of BCG treatment on immune functions may be mediated by BCG derived lipids. PMID- 3910317 TI - An immunohistological study of human hepatic graft-versus-host disease. AB - Using immunohistological techniques, leucocytes were enumerated in portal tracts and bile duct epithelium in bone marrow transplant recipients with and without evidence of hepatic graft versus host disease (GvHD) and compared with normal subjects. Samples were obtained 8-169 days after transplantation. In marrow recipients without graft versus host disease (GvHD), inducer and suppressor/cytotoxic lymphocytes were reduced in number in the portal tracts compared with normal subjects. In GvHD, suppressor/cytotoxic lymphocytes were increased relative to non-GvHD recipients, but did not exceed normal values, while inducer cell numbers remained low. Natural killer cells (HNK1+) were not found in normal subjects, were present in small numbers in non-GvHD transplant cases and significantly increased in GvHD. The total number of portal tract leucocytes was not elevated in GvHD and the changes in the relative proportions of cells were similar to those that have been observed in the peripheral blood after transplantation. There was no increase in the number of lymphocytes expressing the activation markers Tac, T10 and HLA-DR nor in the number of leucocytes within the bile duct epithelium itself. These findings differ from those we have previously obtained in a similarly treated group of patients with cutaneous GvHD where lymphocytes were increased in the epithelium and stroma and expressed activation markers. Like the epidermis of the skin, however, the bile duct epithelium showed increased staining for HLA-DR antigens in all cases, but focal staining was also present in four of the seven marrow recipients without GvHD. The significance of these findings is discussed. PMID- 3910318 TI - Bone marrow T cell colony-forming cells: studies of their origin and use in monitoring T cell-depleted bone marrow grafts. AB - Peripheral blood T cell colony forming cells (T-CFC) are mature T cells. When blood was fractionated into sheep red blood cell receptor positive (E+) and negative (E-) fractions, T cell colony growth was largely restricted to the E+ population. When bone marrow was similarly fractionated, many colonies grew from the E- cells but myeloid colonies also grew making interpretation of colony numbers difficult. We have, therefore, also assessed T cell proliferation during culture as an expansion index (EI) by determining the absolute number of T cells pre and post culture. This data shows that T cell expansion is on average nine times greater in the E- marrow fraction than in the E+ fraction. Studies are presented suggesting that this is because marrow E- cells contain appropriate accessory cells and that high numbers of T cells inhibit T cell growth. The cells giving rise to bone marrow T cell colonies thus appear to be contaminating mature T cells rather than pre-thymic progenitor cells. We have measured T cell expansion in culture as a sensitive assay of T cell contamination following procedures to remove T cells from bone marrow grafts for the prevention of graft versus host disease (GVHD). PMID- 3910319 TI - Different distributions of T cell subsets between perivascular and interstitial peritubular areas during rejection of rat renal allografts: a quantitative and ultrastructural study using monoclonal antibodies. AB - Distributions and ultrastructures of T cell subsets within grafts were studied in unmodified, first-set rat renal transplantation systems (F344----WKA, TO----WKA). Rejections took place within 9.0 +/- 0.5 and 12.2 +/- 1.6 days, respectively. Mouse monoclonal antibodies, R1-3B3 and R1-10B5, were used here for the detection of RLyt-1 and RLyt-2 antigenic systems of rat T cells, respectively. RLyt-1 and RLyt-2 antigens are chemical homologues of mouse Lyt-1 and Lyt-2,3 antigens. In the perivascular areas, RLyt-1+,2- cells were the predominant T cells in earlier stages of rejection. However, toward the end of rejection, RLyt-1+,2- cells decreased in number, with the increase in RLyt-1+,2+ cells. In the interstitial peritubular areas, RLyt-1+,2+ cells were the predominant T cells throughout the course of rejection. Thus, the major T cells in perivascular areas were helper T cells in earlier stages and cytotoxic/suppressor T cells in the later stage, whereas in interstitial peritubular areas, cytotoxic/suppressor T cells were the major T cell population during the entire course of rejection. Ultrastructural studies revealed that many RLyt-2+ blast cells had clustered dense bodies, and that RLyt-2+ cells were found among renal tubular epithelial cells. Renal tubular cells adjacent to RLyt-2+ cells were degenerative in most cases. In addition, membranous structures seen in grafts were RLyt-1+,2+,Ia-, suggesting that they might derive from the destruction of cytotoxic/suppressor T cells after several target cell lyses in vivo. PMID- 3910320 TI - The human gut contains a novel population of B lymphocytes which resemble marginal zone cells. AB - B cells in normal human Peyer's patches and in primary B cell lymphomas of the stomach have been characterized in terms of their cellular morphology and their reactivity with a panel of monoclonal antibodies. A population of B cells is present in normal and malignant gut-associated lymphoid tissue which is composed of neither mantle zone cells nor germinal centre cells. In Peyer's patches these cells surround the follicles merging with the mantle zone and extending both into the dome region, infiltrating between the epithelial cells and also towards the serosa. They are intermediate in size with irregular nuclear outlines and they resemble the centrocytes in the follicle centre. They are quiescent, expressing C3b- and C3d-receptors and surface IgM but not surface IgD. These centrocytes like cells which are not seen in the peripheral lymph nodes are identical to the B cells in the marginal zone of the spleen according to all of the criteria employed in this study. PMID- 3910321 TI - Quantitation of antibodies to nucleoribonucleoprotein by ELISA: relation between antibody levels and disease activity in patients with connective tissue disease. AB - We describe a solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for quantitation of antibodies to nucleoribonucleoprotein (nRNP/Sm). nRNP/Sm was purified from rabbit thymus acetone powder by immunoaffinity chromatography and characterized by counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE) and immunoblotting using sera with well-known specificities. The purified antigen was used in ELISA. Positive results in ELISA were obtained only in sera with anti-nRNP or anti-Sm specificity as determined in CIE. Levels of anti-nRNP/Sm as quantitated by ELISA were higher in the sera of patients with active connective tissue disease (n = 7) than in those with inactive disease (n = 6) (P less than 0.01). Differences in anti nRNP/Sm levels were also found between patients with mildly active disease (n = 19) and those with active disease (P less than 0.01). Fluctuations of anti nRNP/Sm levels related to disease activity were seen in longitudinal observation. Although anti-nRNP/Sm levels as quantitated by ELISA correlated with titres of antinuclear antibodies as determined by immunofluorescence (r = 0.46, P less than 0.05), quantitation of anti-nRNP/Sm by ELISA is superior since the assay is antigen-specific and its quantitation independent of titration-related inaccuracies. PMID- 3910322 TI - Hepatic membrane antibodies: studies of prevalence and specificity. AB - Using a newly developed assay for hepatic membrane-associated antibodies (HMA), we studied the prevalence and specificity of HMA in a variety of acute and chronic liver diseases to evaluate the usefulness of such an assay system. Sera were examined by indirect immunofluorescence on rat liver sections previously fixed in Bouin's fluid. As compared with a prevalence of 4% in 45 healthy controls, HMA were detected in 73% of 45 patients with chronic active hepatitis (CAH) (P less than 0.001) and in all 11 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) (P less than 0.001). HMA were also present in 38% of 40 patients with acute viral hepatitis, 47% of 27 with alcoholic liver disease and 33% of 24 with other liver diseases not thought to be immunologically mediated. In 53 patients studied with other liver, gastrointestinal or autoimmune diseases, the prevalence of HMA was not increased over controls. Absorption studies showed that seven of 14 HMA positive sera contained specificities for polymerized human serum albumin (pHSA) or liver-specific protein (LSP) or both antigens. HMA positive samples reacted occasionally with rat kidney tubular epithelial membranes but did not appear to react with other tissues. These results demonstrate that HMA are present at higher prevalence in the autoimmune liver diseases than many previously described autoantibodies and are reactive in part to specificities on pHSA and LSP. PMID- 3910323 TI - Association between DR3 and thrombocytopenia due to gold or tiopronin. Case reports and review of the literature. AB - Two patients who developed thrombocytopenia while on Tiopronin and gold salts respectively were HLA typed. Their common haplotype was A25(10), B8, DR3. A survey of the literature showed that the association between DR3 and the sudden onset form of thrombocytopenia is striking. A genetic predisposition, besides other unknown factors, seems to play a crucial role. PMID- 3910325 TI - Lymphocyte proliferation as a test of the immune response to insulin in diabetics. AB - Twenty-three insulin-treated diabetic patients were studied using the lymphocyte transformation test to assess insulin immunogenicity. All were known to have circulating Ig class antibodies to insulin. Thirteen subjects had a positive transformation response to either pork or beef insulin (9 to both). There was no significant correlation between the lymphocyte response and the antibody titre (r = 0.22 beef insulin and 0.12 pork insulin). The lymphocyte responses to pork and beef insulins were associated (r = 0.78) as were the antibody levels as assessed by serum binding of labelled pork and beef insulins (r = 0.86). Age, duration of diabetes, insulin dose and insulin preparation used showed no association with the lymphocyte response or the insulin antibody titre. Two subjects manifested a negative lymphocyte response to porcine insulin (2 ZN) with strongly positive response to zinc-free porcine insulin; this suggests that immunogenic determinants may reside in physical characteristics of the insulin molecule rather than in the amino acid sequence. PMID- 3910324 TI - Lupus anticoagulant: revival of an old phenomenon. AB - The term lupus anticoagulant (LAC) refers to antiphospholipid antibodies assessed by means of phospholipid-dependent coagulation tests. About two-thirds of LAC positive patients described in the literature have systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or a lupus-like syndrome. The estimated prevalence in SLE is about 30%. LAC is a marker of a subset of patients characterized by a high prevalence of thromboembolic complications (present in 40% of the LAC-positive patients), fetal loss (related to placental infarction), thrombocytopenia, biologically false positive tests for syphilis, antinuclear antibodies and a positive Coombs' test. There is a strong correlation between the presence of LAC and antibodies to the phospholipid cardiolipin, which can be estimated with relatively simple solid phase assays. Studies demonstrating in some patients interactions between LAC and either humoral factors with important functions in the (patho-) physiology of thrombosis, endothelial cells or platelets strongly suggest that LAC represents autoantibodies with pathogenic significance. PMID- 3910326 TI - Orthostatic changes in subcutaneous blood flow and insulin absorption. AB - Subcutaneous blood flow (SBF), measured by the 133Xenon local clearance technique, and absorption of subcutaneously injected 125I-labelled short-acting insulin from the femoral and abdominal regions were studied in 17 diabetic patients during supine and sitting position. Sitting up induced vasoconstriction with a 28.7-47.0% fall in SBF and a 19.2-43.6% fall in the insulin absorption rate. These findings imply that the SBF of the thighs and abdomen participate in the cardiovascular adjustments to postural changes. The change in the insulin absorption rate during the change of position probably contributes to the great day-to-day variation of insulin absorption. Furthermore, the observation stresses the importance of well defined experimental conditions in insulin absorption studies. PMID- 3910327 TI - Effect of cyclosporin A on low-dose streptozotocin diabetes in mice. AB - The effect of cyclosporin A administration on diabetes development following multiple low-dose streptozotocin treatment was determined in inbred mice. When given daily at a dose of 12 or 60 mg/kg body weight the drug induced an earlier development of hyperglycemia and led to persistently higher blood glucose levels. Enhancement of diabetes by cyclosporin A was also seen when the drug was given only after termination of treatment with streptozotocin. PMID- 3910328 TI - Solid-phase enzymoimmunoassay of antitetanus toxoid antibodies. AB - A solid-phase enzymoimmunoassay (EIA) for antitetanus toxoid antibodies has been developed using activated agarose beads as the solid phase to which tetanus toxoid was covalently attached. The resulting EIA proved to be remarkably free of interference due to nonspecific absorption of reactants to the solid phase. The lower limit of detection for the assay was 0.008 U/ml of antibody. Reproducibility studies showed a satisfactory degree of consistency with coefficients of variation of 4.8% (within run) and 6.6% (run-to-run). This assay has been applied successfully to the evaluation of the humoral response to tetanus toxoid in both normal and immunocompromised individuals and it has sufficient sensitivity to determine serum levels of antitetanus antibody above the accepted protective limit of 0.01 U/ml. PMID- 3910329 TI - [Treatment of essential arterial hypertension with captopril. Ambulatory study of drug surveillance, with special reference to the aged patient]. PMID- 3910330 TI - [Clinical study of 42 patients treated with ceftazidime]. PMID- 3910331 TI - [Efficacy of captopril in the long-term treatment of essential hypertension of moderate-medium degree]. PMID- 3910332 TI - [Principal endocrine paraneoplastic syndromes in lung cancer. Physiopathologic clinical correlations and therapeutic approach]. PMID- 3910333 TI - Fat, sleep, and Charles Dickens: literary and medical contributions to the understanding of sleep apnea. AB - Although the relationship between breathing and sleep has only recently been "discovered" by the medical community, excellent literary descriptions of what we know to be the sleep apnea syndrome were made long ago. Although ancient Greek writings described probable sleep apnea, the most important literary contributions in this area are by Charles Dickens. His description of Joe the fat boy in the Pickwick Papers is an example of his brilliant skills of observation and description. It was not until about 140 years after Pickwick Papers was published that we understood what he was describing. PMID- 3910334 TI - Quantitative analysis of cost-savings strategies in the clinical laboratory. AB - Various strategies for cutting costs in the hospital clinical laboratory are noted, including straight cost cutting, modifications of internal operations, degradation of functions and services, reduced utilization, shared hospital services, and reorganization. Dr Winkleman defines quantitatively, where data exist, the actual cost savings that the different options have been claimed to produce. PMID- 3910335 TI - Cost containment in microbiology. AB - Prospective reimbursement will impose an additional challenge on clinical microbiologists. In order to avoid an inevitable decrease in quality and increasing delay in providing results of examination of specimens, efforts must be undertaken to restrict the submission of specimens and the extent of work that is performed to that which is cost effective for patient care. This will require education and the introduction by the laboratory of controls on ordering and specimen submission. Laboratory personnel must also establish criteria to limit the extent of specimen processing to the production of information that can be expected to be clinically useful. This will involve a close interaction with infectious disease services and clinical departments. Introduction of new screening tests, rapid antigen detection procedures, computers, and automation may provide some increase in productivity but cannot be expected to solve the entire problem. Currently, most attention to controlling hospital cost is being given to the length of patient stay, and little progress has been made in establishing more effective communication between laboratory staffs, house staffs, medical staffs, and hospital administration in monitoring and controlling misuse of laboratory resources. PMID- 3910336 TI - A study of collagen metabolism in cell cultures by fluorometric determination of proline and hydroxyproline. AB - A technique of derivatization of proline (Pro) and 4-hydroxyproline (Hyp) by 7 chloro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole permitted the measurement of Pro and Hyp radioactivities, concentrations, and specific activities in the main fractions separated from cultures of fibroblast cells (extracellular collagen and non collagen proteins, intracellular free Pro and Hyp, Pro- and Hyp-containing peptides, procollagen, and non-collagen proteins). The evaluation of collagen in the medium was obtained from as few as 10(4) cells. The method might advantageously replace [14C] Pro or [3H] Pro incorporation studies. It permits measurement of the size of the Pro pool and the amount of peptides formed by intracellular catabolism of collagen. It demonstrates that the time necessary for a full equilibration of intracellular Pro and intracellular collagen is longer than is generally believed. It avoids the uncertainties of protein labelling, which may vary with uncontrolled variations of the intracellular Pro specific activity. PMID- 3910337 TI - The extracellular matrix of skeletal muscle. PMID- 3910338 TI - Three-year caries increments after fluoride rinses or topical applications with a fluoride varnish. AB - 251 9-12-yr-old children completed a 3-yr, double-blind, clinical trial of two caries preventive fluoride programs. Caries increments and progression patterns were compared in two groups of children who rinsed every fortnight with a 0.2% NaF solution or received biannual topical applications with a fluoride varnish (Fluor-Protector). Clinically recorded mean DFS increments were 3.3 +/- 0.2 (SE) in the rinse group and 3.5 +/- 0.2 in the varnish group. In both groups nearly half of these increments were recorded in the occlusal surfaces of second molars. The mean incremental DFS recorded radiographically on approximal surfaces of posterior teeth were 1.1 +/- 0.2 and 1.5 +/- 0.2 in the rinse and varnish group, respectively. None of the inter-group differences were statistically significant (P greater than 0.05). Detailed analyses of the radiographic scores revealed a similar and extremely slow caries progression in the two study groups and they strengthened the conclusion of equal clinical efficacy of the two treatments. None of the fluoride programs had been able to change preestablished patterns of caries development among the children. PMID- 3910339 TI - Formation of prostaglandins, leukotrienes and paf-acether by macrophages. AB - Prostaglandins (PG) and leukotrienes (LT)--arachidonic acid-dependent metabolites -and paf-acether (platelet-activating factor)--an ether phospholipid--are potent mediators of allergic and inflammatory reactions. Their structures, chemical synthesis and biosynthetic pathways have been recently described. These mediators are produced by various cells with proinflammatory activities including the macrophages upon interaction with a specific secretagogue stimulus (phagocytosis of zymosan particles, immune-complexes); in IgE-dependent hypersensitivity reactions; upon interaction with one of these mediators. Formation of these mediators by macrophages depends upon their local environment. Qualitative and/or quantitative variations in their synthesis are observed depending on the tissue they are derived from (alveole or peritoneum) and on the type of inflammation (immunologic specific or not). Their potent biological activities (increase of vascular permeability, smooth muscle contraction, cardiac and vascular effects and/or chemotactism) suggest a role for these mediators in various pathologies. PMID- 3910340 TI - Relationship between ultrastructure and specific functions of macrophages. AB - The main function of the macrophages, which is to ingest and degrade any foreign molecules or particles penetrating the organism, appears in the development of the different structures implicated in endocytic activity. The macrophage's high endocytic property first appears in its irregular shape and the large number of extensions of the cell membrane, allowing the rapid capture of extra-cellular material. Adhesion between macrophage cell surface and molecules or particles is greatly enhanced by the presence of varied kinds of receptors: lectin-like receptors which bind specific sugars or highly specific receptors such as Fc and C3b receptors, which increase phagocytosis of opsonized microbes. The microbicidal properties reside in part in the production of superoxide anions which result from the activity of a NAD(P)H oxidase. This enzyme is located in the plasma membrane. Its activity could be demonstrated with a cytochemical method, on the cell surface and along the phagosome membrane. It is, however, very weak in resident macrophages and increases after stimulation or activation. The second kind of bactericidal property corresponds to cationic proteins located in lysosomes. After fusion between lysosomes and phagosomes, they contribute to microbe killing by permeabilizing microbe envelopes. Lysosomes, which contain diverse acid hydrolases and are responsible for the degradation of ingested material, play a crucial role in macrophage endocytic activity. Their number increases in parallel with endocytic activity during macrophage differentiation and is particularly high after ingestion of degradable material. Contrary to polymorphonuclear leukocytes, macrophage is very poor in granules containing peroxidase. The latter, which are rather abundant in monocytes, disappear during macrophage maturation. They do not seem thus to be implicated in macrophage microbicidal activity. Endocytosis is accompanied by rapid and intense exchanges between the different membrane compartments of the cell (plasma membrane, pinosomes or phagosomes, endosomes, lysosomes, Golgi apparatus, etc.). These exchanges seem to occur by transitory fusions between vesicles coming from different compartments, rapidly followed by their recycling to their original compartment. This system of membrane shuttle has been clearly observed after formation of phagosomes or pinosomes in which the internalized plasma membrane is recycled back to the cell surface within a few minutes after their formation. This membrane traffic is especially intense in macrophages, the endocytic activity of which is very high, but it also exists in all cell types.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3910341 TI - Role of macrophage in the defense against intestinal cancers. AB - The capability of activated macrophages to kill tumor cells in vitro is now well documented. The tumoricidal activation of macrophages against intestinal tumor cells by different agents is described and the main hypothesis on the mechanisms of tumor cell killing in vitro are discussed. These in vitro results suggest that the macrophage can constitute an efficient effector cell in the defense against intestinal tumors. The distribution and ratio of macrophages in normal intestine and intestinal tumors is described. At the moment, potent activators of macrophages studied in vivo on experimental and human intestinal tumors give poor results or even enhance the growth of tumors. Macrophages may also interfere with the specific immune response in two directions by enhancing the immune response or decreasing it by elaboration of mediators such as prostaglandins. PMID- 3910342 TI - Chemistry of immunomodulators. AB - A large number of synthetic derivatives, inorganic compounds or naturally occurring substances are able to depress, regulate or enhance the immune response. Immunomodulators, among which some are chemically well defined and others are complex preparations, exhibit a great variety of chemical structures which are briefly reviewed, without details on their immunopharmacological properties. These molecules allow access to a new type of therapy which aims at acting on the host defense mechanisms. PMID- 3910343 TI - Monocyte production during inflammation. AB - The majority of the resident macrophages in non-inflamed organs and serous cavities derive from circulating monocytes, but a small proportion originate from immature mononuclear phagocytes that only divide once in the tissues and originate from the bone marrow as well. During an acute inflammation the number of circulating monocytes increases, and a large proportion of these cells migrate to the site of inflammation and differentiate into exudate macrophages. The monocyte production during an acute inflammation is controlled by humoral factor, FIM, which is a protein that is synthesized and secreted by macrophages at the site of inflammation. PMID- 3910344 TI - Locomotion and chemotaxis of mononuclear phagocytes. AB - The capacity for locomotion and for chemotaxis is probably very different in monocytes and macrophages from different sources. Numerous techniques have been established for studying the locomotion of these cells. Many of the factors are sparsely documented and the reports are scattered among various cell types. Heterogeneity of locomotion and chemotactic responsiveness is evident when established macrophage lines and mouse peritoneal macrophage are studied. The effects of mononuclear phagocytes and their released products on the locomotion of other cell types are reviewed. PMID- 3910345 TI - [Swine alveolar macrophages: a review]. AB - Following a presentation of different methods used to collect alveolar macrophages by lung washing performed on killed or anaesthetized animals, several main features of these cells are described: in vitro adherence, enzymatic properties and morphology, phagocytosis. Studies of postnatal development show that swine alveolar macrophages appear during the first week of age. Finally, the alveolar macrophage immunological behaviour (surface receptors, cytotoxicity, co operation with lymphocytes, activation) and the complex micro-organisms macrophages interrelationships are discussed. PMID- 3910346 TI - Biochemistry and pathophysiology of human C1 inhibitor: current issues. PMID- 3910347 TI - [Early nursing education in Japan and the "Handbook of Nursing"]. PMID- 3910348 TI - Extensive resorption of edentulous jaws following long-term dental care: diagnoses and restorative treatments of two cases. PMID- 3910349 TI - The rotational-path removable partial denture. PMID- 3910350 TI - Clinical efficacy of all-ceramic crowns: the experience of a general practitioner. PMID- 3910351 TI - The origins of anesthesia. Parts VI and VII. PMID- 3910352 TI - Gossypol and hypokalaemia. AB - One major side effect of administration of gossypol as a male fertility regulating agent is the occurrence of hypokalaemic paralysis. We have reviewed the common causes of hypokalaemia in clinical practice and previous studies of gossypol-induced hypokalaemia in animals and man. The available evidences suggest that gossypol induced renal leakage of potassium. The most likely mechanism is a direct toxic effect of gossypol on the renal tubules. PMID- 3910353 TI - Toxic effects of chemicals: difficulties in extrapolating data from animals to man. AB - This review attempts an analysis of the major components which make it extremely difficult to extrapolate toxicological data obtained with chemicals from animals to man. A first problem concerns the use of doses to express the unit of comparison across animal species; the dose is a parameter exogenous to the body and when a chemical enters the body concentrations should be utilized. There is in fact evidence that for several chemicals equal doses in different animal species do not mean equal concentrations in blood or tissues. Concentrations of chemicals should be measured for extrapolation purposes as close as possible to the site of the toxic effect. A second problem regards the fact that several chemical are transformed in the body into other chemical species--sometimes few and sometimes many--and some of these species (active metabolites) display biological activity in some cases higher than different from or antagonistic to those of the parent compounds. Some of these metabolites are highly reactive and therefore bind to body components, particularly macromolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids. There is evidence that metabolism is quantitatively and/or qualitatively different in various animal species. A third problem concerns the difference in various animal species in the biological substrates on which chemicals exert their toxic effects. Equal concentrations of chemicals and their metabolites do not mean equal toxic effects across animal species because endogenous metabolic processes, cell permeability, enzymes, and receptors are not necessarily the same in animals and man. To overcome these difficulties there is a need for closer integration of different disciplines in the toxicological evaluation of chemicals. A scientific rather than a routine approach in toxicology is emphasized. PMID- 3910354 TI - The effect of diet on the mammalian gut flora and its metabolic activities. AB - The review will encompass the following points: A brief introduction to the role of the gut flora in the toxicology of ingested food components, contaminants, and additives, including known pathways of activation and detoxication of foreign compounds and the implication of the flora in enterohepatic circulation of xenobiotics. The advantages and disadvantages of the various methods of studying the gut flora (classical bacteriological techniques, metabolic and enzymological methods) will be critically discussed with special reference to their relevance to dietary, toxicological, and biochemical studies. Sources of nutrients available to the gut flora will be described including host products (mucus, sloughed mucosal cells, hormones, proteins) and exogenous nutrients derived from diet. An account of the problems involved in studies of dietary modification with special reference to the use of stock laboratory animal diets, purified diets, and human dietary studies. The influence of dietary modification on the flora will be assessed on the basis of changes in numbers and types of bacteria and their metabolic activity, drawing on data from human and animal studies. The effects of manipulation of the quantity and quality of protein, fat, and indigestible residues (fiber) of the diet will be described together with their possible implications for toxicity of ingested compounds. PMID- 3910356 TI - High-frequency ventilation. PMID- 3910355 TI - Inhibited intercellular communication as a mechanistic link between teratogenesis and carcinogenesis. AB - Teratogenesis and carcinogenesis share many characteristics, leading to the speculation that they may also share pathogenic mechanisms. Direct intercellular communication mediated by membrane junctions is known to occur between a variety of cells and may play an important role in the control of cell growth and differentiation. Inhibition of junctional communication may be a mechanism common to both teratogenesis and carcinogenesis whereby cells and tissues are diverted from their normal differentiation paths. The multistage model of carcinogenesis predicts that the irreversibly initiated cell is at least partially regulated by the surrounding cells of a tissue, and that the initiated cell remains inactive until stimulated to proliferate by a tumor promotor. Tumor promoters may release the initiated cell from control of the surrounding tissue by interrupting intercellular communication, since many tumor promoters have now been shown to interfere with junctional communication in cultured mammalian cells. Furthermore, many tumorigenic cells have compromised junctional communication abilities. Similarly, it has been reasoned that the cells of an embryo must be able to communicate with each other to define tissue specificity and pattern formation, and to coordinate morphogenetic events. Many studies have chronicled alterations in junctional communication that occur coincident with major developmental events and some studies suggest that junctional communication may be modified at boundaries of morphogenetic fields. A recent in vivo study has provided evidence that inhibition of junctional communication may interfere with embryonic development, and several teratogens are known to interrupt junctional communication in mammalian cells in culture. These observations suggest that inhibition of junctional intercellular communication may be a shared mechanism of carcinogenesis and teratogenesis. PMID- 3910357 TI - Patient education and discharge planning. Within crisis lies opportunity. PMID- 3910358 TI - Radiologic evaluation of the mediastinum. AB - New imaging techniques have had a major impact on radiologic evaluation of the mediastinum. Computed tomography has led the way in defining internal anatomy noninvasively. Ultrasound plays a small but well-defined role in the evaluation of certain mediastinal masses. Digital vascular imaging has, in certain instances, replaced conventional angiography, though it seems unlikely to render conventional angiography obsolete. Other modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging are being applied and promise to become even more important in the near future. Finally, mediastinal sampling by needle biopsy under radiologic guidance has been shown to be a reliable technique when appropriately utilized. PMID- 3910359 TI - Idiotype networks in hepatitis B virus infections. PMID- 3910360 TI - Self-recognition, auto-immunity, and internal images. PMID- 3910361 TI - The idiotypic network: order from the beginning or order out of chaos? PMID- 3910362 TI - Modulation of immunity to rabies virus induced by anti-idiotypic antibodies. PMID- 3910363 TI - Vaccines from monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibody: poliovirus infection as a model. PMID- 3910364 TI - Molecular mimicry of parasite antigens using anti-idiotypic antibodies. PMID- 3910365 TI - Network regulation of the immune response to bacterial polysaccharide antigens. PMID- 3910366 TI - Effect of lethal doses of complement on the functional integrity of target enterobacteria. PMID- 3910367 TI - Studies on the mechanism of bacterial resistance to complement-mediated killing and on the mechanism of action of bactericidal antibody. PMID- 3910368 TI - Evaluation of the API 20 STREP system for species identification of "viridans" streptococci isolated from bacteremia. AB - Species identifications of 71 strains of viridans streptococci isolated from blood and 4 reference strains were made by the API 20 STREP system (API system S. A., Montalieu-Vercien, France) and the conventional method. There are high levels of agreement between results obtained with the both methods for determining acidification from carbohydrate except inulin. The API 20 STREP system correctly identified 74.7% of the viridans streptococci with 9.3% low descrimination, 12% incorrect and 4% unidentified. All strains of S. mitis, S. mutans, S. salivarius and S. anginosus-constellatus were correctly identified. The correct identification rates for S. sanguis I, S. sanguis II and S. MG-intermedius were 88.9%, 68% and 61% respectively. The difference of inulin reaction and the taxonomy discrepancy may be the cause of different identification. The study indicates that the API 20 STREP system has a good potentiality for species identification of viridans streptococci at present time, however, further refinement in needed. PMID- 3910369 TI - [A simple method for performing yeast carbohydrate assimilation test]. AB - A modified auxanographic method was employed to perform carbohydrates assimilation test for 25 strains of yeasts representing the following 8 species: Candida albicans, C. glabrata, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis, C. stellatoides, C. tropicalis, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Rhodotorula glutinis. The results obtained were analyzed by comparing with the conventional auxanographic method, and it was found that the modified method was more accurate, rapid and easy in reading. The modified method was obviously easier in manipulation and more economic than that of Wickerham's broth technique and yeast assimilation agar slant technique. PMID- 3910370 TI - Rapid identification of group A streptococcal pharyngitis. PMID- 3910371 TI - Comparative studies on epimastigote and metacyclic stages of Trypanosoma cruzi. I. Agglutination activity. PMID- 3910372 TI - [Orbital defects and the mandibular symphisis]. PMID- 3910373 TI - [Microvascular transplantation of osteocutaneous flaps (combined free tissue transfer)]. PMID- 3910374 TI - [Serum endotoxin level in the course of open peritonitis treatment]. AB - In 27 patients with severe diffuse purulent or fecal peritonitis planned relaparotomies with peritoneal lavage or continuous dorsoventral lavage with open abdomen were performed after surgical treatment of the primary infection. During the course of the lavage treatment serum endotoxin was measured daily. The endotoxin-induced liberation of lysosomal proteases was studied by determining the elastase from polymorphonuclear leucocytes. 16 surviving patients showed decreasing endotoxin levels and decreasing elastase concentrations during the course of abdominal lavages. Planned peritoneal lavage and continuous dorso ventral lavage seem to have the same potency in eliminating endotoxin from the infected peritoneal cavity. In letal courses endotoxinemia either persisted at high levels or even progressed inspite of lavage treatment. PMID- 3910375 TI - [Ideal colectomy. Apropos of 316 recent cases]. PMID- 3910376 TI - [Experimental study of particulate cancellous bone and bone marrow graft]. PMID- 3910377 TI - [Plaque-forming cell (PFC) technique in the assay of serum blocking activity in lung cancer]. AB - The serum blocking activity of 32 patients with lung cancer was assayed by means of PFC technique and half-hemolysis concentration (HC50) test. The results showed that the serum from lung cancer patients had an obvious immunosuppressive effect on antibody production of C3H mice. The PFC number of mice which had received an injection of serum from lung cancer patient was significantly lower than that of the control group which was given an injection of 0.9% saline solution (47.3 +/- 2.9, 89.8 +/- 6.9, P less than 0.01). The serum from patients with various benign lung diseases and healthy adults did not show such immunosuppressive effect (86.5 +/- 8.6, 75.7 +/- 6.0). The results examined by HC50 test also indicated that the antibody level of mice injected with the serum from lung cancer patients was obviously lower than that of control mice (56.3 +/- 3.0, 82.09 +/- 5.0, P less than 0.01). The immunosuppression incidence of serum from lung cancer patients (16/32) was significantly higher than that of serum from patients with benign diseases (3/19) or from healthy adults (2/18). The positive rate of the serum blocking activity in lung cancer patients was 50% which was significantly higher than that of the other two groups. There was no correlation between the immunosuppressive activity and stage or histologic classification of lung cancer. It was also found that higher incidence of immunosuppressive activity was present in the early lung cancer. The result suggests that the serum immunosuppression test using PFC technique be valuable in the early diagnosis of lung cancer. PMID- 3910378 TI - [Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical observations on alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma]. AB - One case of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma appearing like an undifferentiated tumor by light microscopy is reported. Specific ultramicroscopic features of sarcomere containing Z line structures, thick and thin myofilaments with hexagonal arrangements in the cross section were noted in the cytoplasm of some individual malignant cells, thus establishing the diagnosis of rhabdomyosarcoma. Some of the tumor cells were positive to peroxidase-anti-peroxidase (PAP) immunohistochemical stain of anti-serum by anti-myosin. In the present paper, the ultrastructural features and differential diagnosis of poorly differentiated rhabdomyosarcoma are also discussed. PMID- 3910379 TI - [Cisplatin for malignant lymphoma--preliminary observation on 43 patients]. AB - This paper reports the treatment results of cisplatin in 43 cases of malignant lymphoma. All were proved by pathology, cytology or X-ray and were non resectable, disseminated advanced or refractory to routine anticancer drugs. The total dose of each course of cisplatin was usually 100-150 mg (2 mg/kg). One fifth or a tenth part of the dose was given with normal saline intravenously once a day. Complete remission rate was 9%, partial remission rate was 28%. Lymphosarcoma and reticulum cell sarcoma gave better results. During the treatment, anorexia, nausea and vomiting were common. Mild or moderate reduction of WBC and platelet was usually observed in the partial responsive cases but the depression on the bone marrow was relative mild. Cisplatin therapy did not cause marked renal dysfunction which was probably due to the hydration instituted. The anticancer action of cisplatin is similar to that of the alkylating agents but the participation of immunologic mechanism may also play a role. PMID- 3910380 TI - [Interaction of the hepatocyte asialoglycoprotein receptor with chemically galactosylated acid alpha-glucosidase]. PMID- 3910381 TI - [High genetic stability of the plasmid containing the hepatitis B virus genome in Saccharomyces cerevisiae transformants]. PMID- 3910382 TI - [Detection of an actin isoform specific for muscle tissue in the nuclei and chromosomes of nonmuscle cells]. PMID- 3910383 TI - [Localization and properties of the gene product of bacterial alpha-amylase cloned in Saccharomyces cerevisiae]. PMID- 3910384 TI - The new alpha interferons. AB - Alpha interferons are biological response modifiers that regulate immune function, slow cell proliferation, and inhibit virus replication. Large supplies of purified preparations are now available for clinical trials. Common toxicity includes an influenza-like syndrome to which tolerance occurs after several doses, and chronic fatigue and anorexia that may be dose-limiting. Myelosuppression is mild. Alpha interferons have established clinical activity against several human cancers, including melanoma, Kaposi's sarcoma, multiple myeloma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, hairy cell leukemia, and renal cell carcinoma. These data and alpha interferon nomenclature are summarized in table form. Intranasal alpha interferon is effective in prophylaxis of common viral upper respiratory tract infections, although toxicity in long-term use is prohibitive. Short-term administration to high risk populations may be most useful. Optimal doses and schedules need to be determined for all indications. PMID- 3910385 TI - Imipenem/cilastatin: the first carbapenem antibiotic. AB - Imipenem/cilastatin is the first of a new class of beta-lactam antibiotics called carbapenems. The antibacterial spectrum of imipenem exceeds any antibiotic investigated to date and includes gram-positive, gram-negative, and anaerobic organisms. Only methicillin-resistant organisms, Strep. faecium, Pseudomonas cepacia, and Pseudomonas maltophilia have been shown to be resistant. Imipenem is administered in a 1:1 ratio with cilastatin, which inhibits a renal enzyme (dehydropeptidase) and improves urinary recovery of imipenem. The elimination half-life of both compounds is 1.0 hours and recommended doses are 0.25-0.5 g iv q6h. Adverse events are similar in nature and incidence to beta-lactam antibiotics, with phlebitis/thrombophlebitis, diarrhea, nausea, skin rash, and elevations of hepatic enzymes most common. Clinical studies in phase II and III trials have shown imipenem/cilastatin to be effective in soft tissue infections, endocarditis, obstetrics and gynecology, complicated urinary tract infections, mixed anaerobic-aerobic infections, osteomyelitis, bacteremias, and pneumonias. Several comparative clinical trials have shown imipenem/cilastatin to be equal in efficacy to combination therapy. Imipenem/cilastatin may prove to be an alternative to combination antibiotic therapy because of its extremely broad spectrum of activity. PMID- 3910386 TI - Ceftriaxone: a third-generation cephalosporin. AB - Ceftriaxone is a new third-generation cephalosporin with excellent activity against many gram-negative, and reasonable activity against most gram-positive microorganisms. Clinical studies have demonstrated its efficacy and safety in patients with bacterial meningitis; respiratory tract, urinary tract, soft tissue, bone and joint infections; and gonorrhea. Ceftriaxone has been well tolerated except for diarrhea, which in most cases has not required a change in therapy. The long elimination half-life of ceftriaxone has allowed twice- and once-daily administration, the latter potentially resulting in substantial cost savings. Because of its documented efficacy, safety, and convenient dosing schedule, ceftriaxone may become the preferred third-generation cephalosporin for the treatment of a variety of serious infections. PMID- 3910388 TI - Serum bactericidal activity of ceftazidime increased by netilmicin. AB - Cephalosporins are often used in combination with aminoglycoside antibiotics in the treatment of gram-negative infections. Although ceftazidime possesses activity against gram-negative bacteria, especially against Pseudomonas, combined use with aminoglycosides is useful. In this study, 12 healthy volunteers (6 men, 6 women; mean age 21.5 yr) received a single dose of ceftazidime 1 g iv and one week later ceftazidime 1 g iv with netilmicin 100 mg iv. Both antibiotics were infused over five minutes. Concentrations of ceftazidime were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. Serum bactericidal activity (SBA) was evaluated against seven microorganisms isolated from clinical specimens. The mean peak serum level of ceftazidime was 113.4 micrograms/ml. At eight hours, we observed a concentration of 2.6 micrograms/ml. The total clearance was 126 ml/min, while the renal clearance was 100 ml/min. Ceftazidime exhibited a half life of 1.9 hours. Up to ten hours, the SBA of ceftazidime against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella oxytoca, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Salmonella typhi was greater than 1:8 in more than 90 percent of samples. At one hour, ceftazidime exhibited a SBA of 1:4 for Staphylococcus aureus, and 1:16 for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. With the addition of netilmicin, median SBA against Staph. aureus and P. aeruginosa were 1:32 and 1:64, respectively, at one hour. Netilmicin enhanced the SBA of ceftazidime. The combination was not effective against Streptococcus faecalis. PMID- 3910387 TI - Long-term experience with lofexidine in the treatment of mild-to-moderate essential hypertension. AB - This study describes sustained efficacy and safety of lofexidine in hypertensive patients. Twenty-one male patients (mean age 55 +/- 9 yr) who had previously completed a short-term trial of lofexidine entered this open-label trial. The daily dose of lofexidine was titrated over three months to a maximum of 1.6 mg or an erect diastolic blood pressure less than 90 mm Hg. Hydrochlorothiazide was added when necessary. Thereafter, each patient was evaluated for blood pressure (BP) response, compliance, side effects, hepatic, renal, or hematological abnormalities every three months for two years. Sustained BP reduction with lofexidine was achieved but not without concomitant diuretic therapy. There were no clinically important changes in heart rate or hepatic, renal, or hematological profiles. Side effects were frequent but severe enough to warrant discontinuation in only four patients. The side-effect profile was similar to that of clonidine. We recommend concurrent diuretic use to maximize effectiveness of lofexidine. PMID- 3910390 TI - [Determination of thyroid hormones in the plasma of laying hens using a modified radioimmunoassay]. PMID- 3910389 TI - [Occurrence and transmission of Campylobacter jejuni/coli in young poultry fattening production. 1]. PMID- 3910391 TI - [Effect of the housing system and supplementation with raw feed on the occurrence of abomasal lesions in mast calves]. PMID- 3910392 TI - [Prepuce sucking and tongue play in housed fattening bulls]. PMID- 3910393 TI - [Evaluation of the suitability of the hot air device "Leister Ghibli M" for hemostasis (thermocoagulation) in surgery on cattle]. PMID- 3910394 TI - [Hardness evaluation of the hoof horn of fattening swine using the Shore D. hardness evaluation device]. PMID- 3910395 TI - [Comparative studies of trace elements in healthy calves and calves with neonatal septicemia]. PMID- 3910396 TI - [Fertilization results following insemination with deep frozen ram sperm (Minitub) using various extenders]. PMID- 3910397 TI - [Significance as well as clinical and therapeutic peculiarities of surgical diseases in nutria]. PMID- 3910399 TI - [Virus infections in small experimental animals: effects on biomedical research]. PMID- 3910398 TI - [Legal cases of "pretended slaughter"--on the suitability of the protein pattern of muscle extracts for determinating apparently illegally slaughtered fattening swine]. PMID- 3910400 TI - [The changing pattern in infectious disease]. PMID- 3910401 TI - The effect of induction casting on the X-ray fluorescence spectra of gold alloys. PMID- 3910402 TI - The shape of the rest seat preparation and the percentage of alveolar bone loss of cuspid abutments receiving indirect retainers in lower bilateral free-end saddle cases. PMID- 3910403 TI - [Antibody formation to o-aminoazotoluene via the administration of conjugated antigens synthesized by enzymatic and chemical methods]. AB - Two new methods are developed for synthesis of conjugated antigens of o aminoazotoluene-bovine serum albumin (o-AAT--BSA): (1) from the microsomal fraction of the guinea pig liver which contains the cytochrome-P-450-dependent monooxygenase enzymic system and (2) from the m-chloroperbenzoic acid. A possible mechanism of the covalent binding of o-AAT with albumin under the effect of monooxigenases and of their chemical model is considered. Differences of antigenic determinants in conjugated antigens of o-AAT--BSA synthetized by the chemical and enzymic methods are detected. PMID- 3910404 TI - [Role of the neutrophils in the pathogenesis of malignant growth]. AB - The role of neutrophils in pathogenesis of malignant tumours is reviewed. The neutrophils are estimated as a part of a united structure-and-functional system realizing the antiblastic defence of the organism. Three main problems are considered: the role of neutrophils in the formation of antitumour resistance of the organism, neutrophil changes during malignant growth, and some mechanisms of the tumour influence on neutrophils. PMID- 3910405 TI - [Mechanisms, kinetics and specificity of the leukocyte adherence inhibition test in breast cancer]. AB - The simplified micromodification of the leukocyte adhesion inhibition (LAI) test has shown that the LAI tests both for lymphocytes and for leukocytes may be equally used as additional methods of diagnostics of the early stages of breast cancer. The detailed study of the kinetics and cellular mechanisms of the method has shown that the LAI reaction belongs to the earliest reactions of T-cellular immunity and is mediated by T-cell lymphokine. The study of sensitivity and specificity of the method revealed that the suggested micromodification of the LAI test may be used in experimental and clinical research for the study of the subpopulation of T-cells-producers of the LAI factor as well as for monitoring of the T-cell immunity in the cancer patients during treatment. PMID- 3910406 TI - [Electrophysiologic aspects of infantile autism]. AB - Since the first description of infantile autism by Kanner, many physiopathological hypotheses have been suggested to explain this syndrome. In order to confirm these hypotheses, a lot of biological technics have been used among which the cerebral electroencephalography plays a leading part. The authors describe the main electroencephalographical technics used in autistic children. For each sort of examination, the physiopathological contribution has been studied. Then, these electrophysiological data have been confronted with neuroanatomical hypotheses (temporal, frontal, mesencephalic functional troubles) or neurobiochemical hypotheses (dysfunctioning of the corresponding dopaminergic systems). PMID- 3910407 TI - Comparison of radiochemical purity and tissue binding of labelled insulin prepared by lactoperoxidase and chloramine T iodination. AB - The radiochemical purity and tissue binding of 125I-insulin labelled by conventional chloramine T method were compared with those of (A14) monoiodoinsulin prepared by lactoperoxidase iodination. In the first case the labelled insulin was purified on a cellulose column, while (A14)-monoiodoinsulin prepared with the aid of lactoperoxidase was purified on a column of QAE Sephadex A-25. After the digestion of labelled insulin by pronase about 15 percent of diiodoinsulin was found after chloramine T iodination, while a negligible amount (i.e. less than 1 percent) was detected after the use of lactoperoxidase. In addition, no damage of insulin molecules was found after the use of the latter method and the purification on QAE Sephadex A-25 yielded a homogenous preparation of insulin. Specific binding to isolated rat fat cells, rat liver plasma membranes and human erythrocytes was consistently higher in the case of (A14) monoiodoinsulin compared to the insulin labelled by chloramine T method. PMID- 3910408 TI - Impaired glucose utilization in man during acute exposure to environmental heat. AB - In 6 healthy males the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed after the administration of 100 g glucose during the hyperthermic Finnish sauna bath (85 degrees C) of 30 min duration. The lowered insulin response (P less than 0.001) to glucose challenge during heating and the subsequent prolonged hyperglycemia (P less than 0.001) after heating were observed, when compared to OGTT under thermoneutral conditions (23 degrees C). It is suggested that the heat-induced decrease in visceral blood flow and stimulation of sympathoadrenomedullary and pituitary activity may be responsible for this effect. PMID- 3910409 TI - The role of hormones in the regulation of lipoprotein metabolism (review). AB - Atherosclerosis appears to be a disease with a multifactorial pathogenesis. The factors participating in its etiology are called risk factors [Fejfar 1972; Stamler 1983]. These may be divided into a group of uninfluencible risk factors (age, sex, genetic load, etc.) and influencible risk factors of first or second order. Hyperlipidemia may be considered as influencible risk factor of the first order [Goldstein et al. 1973]. From this reason it is necessary to investigate the etiology of lipoprotein metabolic disorders and the possibilities of their treatment and prevention. Hormonal influences are also considered to be one of the influencible risk factors which may affect a number of steps in lipoprotein metabolism. PMID- 3910410 TI - Glucose metabolism in insulin administered euthyroid, hypothyroid and hyperthyroid rats. AB - Glucose metabolism was studied as evidenced by the sugar and pyruvic acid levels in blood and glycogen and pyruvic acid content of tissues in euthyroid, hypothyroid and hyperthyroid rats by giving insulin. Results show that in a normal thyroxine-excess insulin state, the rise in blood sugar was less, glycogenesis was much enhanced and glycolysis was reduced in comparison to these data in the euthyroid state. When tyroxine deficiency was associated with excess insulin, glycogenesis was enhanced further and an almost complete inhibition of glycolysis was observed. In excess thyroxine-excess insulin state glycogenesis was increased at the expense of glycolysis in comparison to the finding in the hyperthyroid state. Thus exogenous insulin in the euthyroid state altered the pattern of carbohydrate metabolism enhancing glycogenesis and inhibiting glycolysis. In a low thyroxine-excess insulin state, further enhancement of glycogenesis and inhibition of glycolysis were observed. But in an excess thyroxine-excess insulin state, the higher thyroxine activity was somewhat neutralized by higher insulin action allowing glycogenesis with glucose to proceed to some extent. PMID- 3910411 TI - Changes in insulin secretion after secretin administration and the implications in diabetes mellitus. AB - Secrepan (Eisai Co. Tokyo, Japan) was administered to 9 healthy volunteers and 36 patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) to clarify the effect of secretin on the pancreatic B-cell, by determining the changes in blood of insulin (IRI). Whereas IRI in healthy subjects showed a monophasic change, reaching a peak (delta IRI = 43 +/- 7.3 microunits/ml, M +/- SE) 5 min after secretin loading and returning to the basal level in 15 min, NIDDM patients on diet therapy (delta IRI = 40.2 +/- 7.6 microunits/ml) showed no significant difference from the control group, but NIDDM patients on sulfonylurea (SU) (15.5 +/- 2.4 microunits/ml) and those on insulin therapy (5.3 +/- 1.4 microunits/ml), both showed a significant depression in responsiveness. Further, the changes in insulin secretion after atropine administration in healthy subjects and the changes in IRI response to Secrepan in vagotomized patients were also determined. As a result, data which preclude the possibility of association of the vagus nerve and cholinergic nerve with the stimulation of insulin secretion by secretin were obtained, and a direct action of secretin on the cell of islets of Langerhans was suggested. The maximum IRI response after a secretin load had a significant positive correlation with the IRI response after a 75-gm GTT and the content of C-peptide immunoreactivity in 24-hour urine. Therefore, insulin response to a secretin load can be useful in assessing endogenous insulin secretion and provides a pertinent clinical guide for the selection of an appropriate therapy for diabetes mellitus. PMID- 3910412 TI - Cellular hypersensitivity to human pancreatic B-cell clone in diabetes mellitus and its relationship to the presence of islet cell antibodies. AB - A leukocyte migration inhibition test on the human pancreatic B-cell clone (JHPI 1) was performed in 13 IDDM patients with islet cell cytoplasmic antibody (ICCA) and/or islet cell surface antibody (ICSA), 15 IDDM patients without ICCA or ICSA, 34 NIDDM patients and 17 healthy controls. The mean values for the migration index (M.I. %) in each group were 85.4 +/- 6.9, 89.1 +/- 10.9, 98.3 +/- 7.9 and 100.0 +/- 8.5. The M.I. values were significantly decreased in IDDM patients than in NIDDM patients and controls irrespective of whether or not there were islet cell antibodies in the patients' sera. When M.I. values less than 0.83 (Mean-2 S.D.) were taken as indicative of inhibition, the percentage of IDDM and NIDDM patients with migration inhibition were 32% and 0% respectively. And the decreased M.I. values in IDDM patients proved not to be due to non-specific migration inhibition by normal M.I. values, with the human fetal lung fibroblast cells (W 138) as antigen. Our data suggested that the lymphocytes of IDDM patients might be sensitized by pancreatic B-cell antigen(s) present in the JHPI 1 cells, which promoted leukocyte migration inhibition. No correlation between the migration indices and duration of diabetes mellitus in IDDM patients was observed (r = 0.254, Y = 84.9 + 0.49 X). LMT to JHPI-1 seems to be useful in detecting the abnormal cell-mediated immunity even in patients with longstanding IDDM. PMID- 3910413 TI - Studies of the repair of O6-alkylguanine and O4-alkylthymine in DNA by alkyltransferases from mammalian cells and bacteria. AB - O6-Methylguanine in DNA is repaired by the action of a protein termed O6 alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (AT) which transfers the methyl group to a cysteine residue in its own sequence. Since the cysteine which is methylated is not regenerated rapidly, if at all, the capacity for repair of O6-methylguanine is limited by the number of molecules of the AT available within the cell. The level and inducibility of the AT differed greatly in different mammalian cell types and species with the highest levels in human tissues and in liver and the lowest levels in brain. Only a small induction occurred in rat liver in response to exposure to alkylating agents. In E. coli such exposure increased the activity more than 100-fold. The At was not specific for methyl groups but also removed ethyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl and n-butyl groups from the O6 position in DNA. The protein isolated from E. coli removed methyl groups much more rapidly than the larger alkyl groups but the mammalian AT isolated from rat liver showed much less difference in rate with adducts of different size. Ethyl and n-propyl groups were removed by the rat liver AT only three to four times more slowly than methyl groups. Another important difference between the bacterial and mammalian ATs is that the bacterial protein was also able to remove methyl groups from the O4-position of thymine in methylated DNA or poly(dT) but the AT from rat liver or human fibroblasts did not repair O4 methylthymidine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3910414 TI - Cellular responses to DNA damage. AB - For many years, the study of the regulation of the SOS network was complicated by both the complexities of the responses and the interrelationships of the key regulatory elements. However, recently the application of powerful genetic and molecular biological techniques has allowed us to gain a detailed picture of the regulation of this complex network. The network is now known to consist of more than 17 genes, each of which is repressed by the LexA protein. Induction of the genes in the SOS network occurs when the RecA protein becomes activated in response to a signal generated by DNA damage. Two of the genes in this network, umuD and umuC, are absolutely required for mutagenesis by UV and various carcinogens. The umuD and umuC genes have molecular weights of 16,000 and 45,000 daltons, respectively, and are organized in an operon repressed by LexA. The mutagenesis-enhancing plasmid pKM101 carries two genes mucA and mucB, which are analogs of the umuD and umuC genes, respectively. PMID- 3910415 TI - DNA adduct formation and mutation induction by nitropyrenes in Salmonella and Chinese hamster ovary cells: relationships with nitroreduction and acetylation. AB - Nitrated pyrenes are environmental pollutants and potent mutagens in the Salmonella reversion assay. In this study reversion induction by 1-nitropyrene and 1,8-dinitropyrene in Salmonella typhimurium TA1538 and mutation induction by 1-nitropyrene in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells were related to the extent of metabolism and DNA adduct formation. In suspension cultures of Salmonella typhimurium TA1538, 1,8-dinitropyrene was up to 40-fold more mutagenic than 1 nitropyrene, although both compounds were metabolized at similar rates with nitroreduction being the major pathway. The major metabolite formed from 1 nitropyrene after 2 hr of incubation was 1-nitrosopyrene, while 1-amino-8 nitropyrene was the major metabolite formed from 1,8-dinitropyrene. 1 Nitrosopyrene and 1-nitro-8-nitrosopyrene elicited mutation values consistent with their being intermediates in the activation pathways. However, subsequent to nitroreduction, 1,8-dinitropyrene appeared to be further activated by acetylation, while 1-nitropyrene was not. Each nitrated pyrene produced a major DNA adduct substituted at the C8-position of deoxyguanosine. Although 1,8 dinitropyrene was more mutagenic than 1-nitropyrene, both compounds induced a similar number of revertants per adduct. Incubation of 1-nitrosopyrene with CHO cells produced a rapid concentration- and time-dependent induction of mutations and the conversion of 1-nitrosopyrene to 1-aminopyrene. In contrast, 1 nitropyrene did not induce mutations and was not converted to 1-aminopyrene. Both compounds produced the same major adduct, but adduct formation by 1-nitropyrene was much lower than by 1-nitrosopyrene.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3910416 TI - Quantitative comparison of genetic effects of ethylating agents on the basis of DNA adduct formation. Use of O6-ethylguanine as molecular dosimeter for extrapolation from cells in culture to the mouse. AB - DNA-adduct formation and induction of gene mutations were determined simultaneously after treatment with the four ethylating agents, ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS), ethylnitrosourea (ENU), diethyl sulfate (DES), and N ethyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (ENNG). Both, in E. coli K-12 (NAL-resistance) and in V79 Chinese hamster cells in culture (HPRT-deficiency), the frequencies of mutation induction by all chemicals were the same when plotted against the amount of O6-ethylguanine formed in DNA, suggesting that this DNA adduct can be used as a common dosimeter for the comparisons of the frequencies of gene mutations induced by ethylating agents in various mutagenicity assay systems. Using ENU, such a comparison was performed between mutation induction in V79 cells in vitro and in the specific-locus assay in the mouse. The data indicate that at equal levels of O6-ethylguanine in the DNA of V79 cells and in testicular DNA from male mice treated with ENU, the frequencies of induced mutants in both assay systems were quite similar. These results support the concept that the determination of premutagenic DNA adducts in vivo can be used to monitor exposure to chemical mutagens and that genetic risk estimations may ultimately be performed on the basis of such measurements and of comparative mutagenesis in vitro and in vivo. PMID- 3910417 TI - Extrachromosomal probes for mutagenesis by carcinogens: studies on the mutagenic activity of O6-methylguanine built into a unique site in a viral genome. AB - This work examines the mutagenic activity of O6-methylguanine (O6MeGua), a DNA adduct formed by certain carcinogenic alkylating agents. A tetranucleotide, 5' HOTpm6GpCpA-3', was synthesized and ligated into a four-base gap in the unique Pst I site of the duplex genome of the E. coli virus, M13mp8. The double-stranded ligation product was converted to single-stranded form and used to transform E. coli to produce progeny phage. The mutation frequency of O6MeGua was defined as the percentage of progeny phage with mutations in their Pst I site, and this value was determined to be 0.4%. To determine the impact of DNA repair on mutagenesis, cellular levels of O6MeGua-DNA methyltransferase (an O6MeGua-repair protein) were depleted by treatment of host cells for virus replication with N methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) prior to viral DNA uptake. In these host cells, the mutation frequency due to O6MeGua increased markedly with increasing MNNG dose (the highest mutation frequency observed was 20%). DNA sequence analysis of mutant genomes revealed that in both MNNG treated and untreated cells, O6MeGua induced exclusively G to A transitions. PMID- 3910418 TI - Chemical modification of DNA with muta-carcinogens. II. Base sequence-specific binding to DNA of 2-amino-6-methyl-dipyrido[1,2-a:3',2'-d]imidazole (Glu-P-1). AB - 2-Amino-6-methyldipyrido[1,2-a:3',2'-d]imidazole (Glu-P-1) binds covalently to DNA after metabolic activation to give 2-(C8-guanyl)amino-6-methyldipyrido[1,2 a:3',2'-d]imidazole (Gua-Glu-P-1). The importance of the intercalative ability of the Glu-P-1 skeleton into DNA base pairs for this reaction is emphasized. The reactive form of Glu-P-1, N-acetoxy-Glu-P-1 (N-OAc-Glu-P-1), reacts preferentially at the C8 position of guanine residues in G-C-rich regions of DNA. PMID- 3910419 TI - Is 2,3,7,8-TCDD (dioxin) a carcinogen for humans? AB - 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) has suddenly become the focal point of controversy over the relationship of chemical waste to human health. Specific concern exists regarding its potential association with human malignancy. Subcellular, cellular, and whole-animal experiments suggest that TCDD exerts much of its activity by inducing enzymes that protect the intact organism from the assault of environmental contamination. TCDD is a potent inducer of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase, although wide variations between species do exist. Conventional tests for mutagenicity have produced conflicting results. Animal experiments have shown the development of tumors following chronic low level ingestion of TCDD. The human evidence regarding the potential carcinogenicity of TCDD comes from occupational, military and environmental exposures. Several studies have come out of Sweden suggesting an association between sarcoma and exposure to herbicides. Although there is little solid evidence that 2,3,7,8-TCDD produces substantial chronic disability or premature death in man, a significant body of experimental evidence for its carcinogenicity makes it likely that a small number of human malignancies may be due to its action. Since 2,3,7,8-TCDD is an unwanted contaminant it could be eliminated with little measurable consequence. PMID- 3910421 TI - Postlabeling methods for carcinogen-DNA adduct analysis. AB - Radioactive carcinogens have provided most of our present knowledge about the chemistry of interactions between carcinogens and biological systems. The requirement of radioactive carcinogens has restricted carcinogen-DNA binding studies to chemicals that are readily available in isotopically labeled form, i.e., a minute fraction of all potentially mutagenic or carcinogenic chemicals. To extend the scope of carcinogen-DNA binding studies, an alternative method, which does not require radioactive test chemicals, has been developed. In this approach, radioactivity (32P) is being incorporated into DNA constituents by polynucleotide kinase-catalyzed [32P]phosphate transfer from [gamma-32P]ATP after exposure of the DNA in vitro or in vivo to a nonradioactive, covalently binding chemical, and evidence for the alteration of DNA nucleotides is provided by the appearance of extra spots on autoradiograms of thin-layer chromatograms of digests of the chemically modified DNA. Quantitation of adduct levels is accomplished by scintillation counting. The sensitivity of the technique depends on the experimental conditions for 32P-labeling and on the chemical structure of the adducts. Greater sensitivity may be achieved if adducts can be separated as a class from the normal nucleotides. This is the case for an estimated 80% of all carcinogens, giving rise to bulky and/or aromatic substituents in DNA. Under the present conditions, one such adduct in 10(9) to 10(10) normal nucleotides can be detected. A total of approximately 80 compounds has been studied thus far Binding to DNA of rodent tissues was readily detected by the 32P-postlabeling assay for all known carcinogens among these compounds, and adducts were detected in DNA from human placenta of smokers. PMID- 3910423 TI - Nature of the residual alpha-1,4-glucosidase activity in the seminal plasma of vasectomized men. AB - Vasectomy leads to a drastic decrease of neutral alpha-1,4-glucosidase from human seminal plasma. The nature of this residual enzyme activity has been ascertained according to optimum pH and sucrose density gradient analysis with or without inhibitors of neutral (maltotriose) or acid (sodium dodecyl sulfate) alpha-1,4 glucosidase. Data from the present study provide strong evidence that the enzyme content of the seminal plasma is of mixed nature after exclusion of the epididymis. PMID- 3910422 TI - Use of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies against DNA adducts for the detection of DNA lesions in isolated DNA and in single cells. AB - Interaction of genotoxic chemicals with their intracellular target, i.e., DNA, may result in the formation of covalent adducts. Various methods have been developed to estimate exposure to genotoxic chemicals by means of molecular dosimetry of DNA adducts. Such experiments have generally been carried out with radiolabeled genotoxicants administered in vitro to cultured cells or in vivo to laboratory animals. Biomonitoring of human exposure to genotoxic chemicals requires methods to detect very small quantities of nonradioactive DNA adducts in limited amounts of sample. Attention has been devoted to the development of immunochemical techniques in which specific DNA adducts can be detected with antibodies. The level of sensitivity achieved in these experiments renders these methods applicable for human biomonitoring. When suitable antibodies are available, the immunochemical approach enables one to analyze various types of adducts separately, and to discriminate between irrelevant (e.g., quickly repairable) and relevant lesions (key lesions) with respect to biological end points such as mutation induction and cancer. Polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies were used for the detection of DNA adducts in animal and human tissue. Adducts were measured in DNA from various organs of rats treated with the liver carcinogen 2-AAF. Human exposure to genotoxic agents was studied by the measurement of DNA adducts in blood cells from patients treated with the genotoxic cytostatic cisplatin. Also, the development is described of a system to detect and quantitate DNA adducts at the single-cell level by means of immunofluorescence microscopy, which allows the analysis of small samples of human tissue with preservation of cell morphology. PMID- 3910425 TI - Influence of alloxan diabetes and insulin treatment on the activity of alanine aminotransferase in rat brain regions, liver and heart. AB - Studies with brain alanine aminotransferase showed higher activity of the enzyme in the soluble fraction of cerebellum. Among the tissues, the liver soluble fraction was the richest source of the enzyme. Alloxan-induced diabetes caused both regional and time-dependent variations in the activity of brain alanine aminotransferase. Significant among these changes were the decrease in both soluble and particulate enzyme from cerebral hemispheres and an increase in the soluble enzyme activity from cerebellum at early stages of diabetes. Brain stem did not show any marked change in enzyme activity. Liver and heart enzyme, however, increased significantly after 1-2 weeks of diabetes. Insulin treatment to diabetic animals caused an 'over-shoot' in soluble alanine aminotransferase activity, particularly in cerebellum and liver. PMID- 3910424 TI - Some effects of the fungal proteinase EL 25-79 on human blood. AB - The anticlotting properties of the fungal protease EL 25-79 have been assayed using freshly collected human and bovine blood and sodium-citrate-treated samples. 0.1% EL 25-79 was sufficient to prevent clotting. At this concentration, the protease provokes only a limited proteolysis of major plasma proteins, and at the same time does not digest the hemoglobin contained in the erythrocyte, because it is protected by the cell membrane. The kinetic studies on the enzyme action were performed using both fibrinogen and albumin. The data show that the ratio between the initial velocity of hydrolysis of human fibrinogen and human albumin at enzyme concentrations close to zero is 85. The SDS PAGE analyses of the protein patterns of the corresponding samples for the kinetic study confirmed these data. PMID- 3910420 TI - Possibilities of detecting health effects by studies of populations exposed to chemicals from waste disposal sites. AB - Factors affecting the design of an epidemiologic study assessing possible health effects from chemical waste disposal sites are reviewed. Such epidemiologic studies will most likely be prompted either by a known release of chemicals into the environment around the site, or by an unusual disease cluster in a population near the site. In the latter situation, a method for evaluating the health effects is needed, and one possible approach is discussed. In the former situation, it may not be obvious what health outcomes are relevant. Reported associations between health effects and chemicals in humans were reviewed. Studies from the occupational and environmental literature were classified by chemical and target organ affected and presented in tabular form. No attempt was made to critically evaluate the quality of evidence for each health effect, although bibliographic documentation was provided where possible. Episodes of chemical contamination of food, drinking water and other media were also reviewed and presented in a separate table. The organ sites likely to be affected by toxic chemicals from waste disposal sites depend heavily on the route of exposure and the dose that is received. Ingestion is the most frequently reported route of exposure in episodes of environmental contamination. These have affected the hepatic, renal, hematopoietic, reproductive, and central nervous systems. The type and severity of effects were dose-dependent. Direct skin contact is important in the occupational environment where dermal and central nervous system effects have been reported but seems less likely as a route of exposure for populations around waste disposal sites. Inhalation, unless at relative high concentrations or as a result of fire, is unlikely to be important, although hematopoietic, reproductive, and central nervous system effects have been reported in occupational studies. PMID- 3910426 TI - Malate-aspartate shuttle enzymes in rat brain regions, liver and heart during alloxan diabetes and insulin replacement. AB - Regionally selective and time-dependent variations were observed in the activity of brain aspartate aminotransferase at early phases of diabetes. Malate dehydrogenase activity showed an opposite pattern of changes in soluble and particulate fractions of cerebral hemispheres and brain stem, with cerebellum showing consistent increase in the activity. The activity of both the enzymes increased significantly in liver, in contrast to heart where malate dehydrogenase activity decreased in particulate fraction. Insulin treatment to diabetic animals restored the enzymes to near control levels at early stages of diabetes, except in liver. The results indicate that malate-aspartate shuttle is probably stimulated under diabetic conditions to enable glycolysis to continue and ATP levels to be restored partially, particularly in cerebellum and liver. PMID- 3910427 TI - Systemic and specific autonomic reactions in pain: efferent, afferent and endocrine components. AB - The sympathetic nervous system is hierarchically organized. At the bottom of this organization are the sympathetic pre-post-ganglionic channels which supply the autonomic target organs, at the top the hypothalamus and cortical structures. Each level of this hierarchy contains neuronal programmes which govern the sympathetic activity in a patterned fashion. According to this hierarchy the reactions to noxious, tissue-damaging events, which are organized by the hypothalamus and suprahypothalamic brain structures, are of a more general character than those organized by the spinal cord, these being of a more specific character. The spinal cord is probably much more important than hitherto believed for integration and in determining the characteristic discharge patterns of the sympathetic pre- and post-ganglionic neurones. The defence reaction is described as a general reaction to noxious stimuli. Its sympathetic components consist of the patterns of discharge in sympathetic neurones supplying skin, skeletal muscle, viscera and adrenal medulla. It is organized in the hypothalamus and upper brain stem. The spinal cord integrates more specific somato-sympathetic, viscero-sympathetic and viscero-visceral reactions to noxious stimuli which are of a protective character. Visceral thoraco-lumbar afferents in 'sympathetic' nerves innervate visceral organs in the pelvic abdominal and thoracic cavities. Some innervate deep somatic structures of the ventral compartment of the vertebral column. No conclusive experimental evidence exists to show that they innervate skin and deep tissues of the extremities. Noxious events in the visceral domain are encoded by these visceral afferents. However, no convincing experimental evidence exists to show that this occurs by 'specific' visceral nociceptive afferents. It may well be that visceral noxious events are encoded by the intensity of the discharges in these neurones. No conclusive experimental evidence exists to show that peripheral nociceptors are controlled by activity in sympathetic post-ganglionic neurones. In certain pathophysiological situations, however, it may happen that activity in sympathetic post-ganglionic neurones, which supply an extremity, leads to excitation of afferent axons, thus establishing a vicious circle between primary afferent neurones, spinal cord and sympathetic outflow. This situation may occur after partial lesions of peripheral nerves in a syndrome which is called 'reflex sympathetic dystrophy'. PMID- 3910428 TI - Droperidol prevents and treats nausea and vomiting after enflurane anaesthesia. AB - One hundred and twelve women undergoing elective orthopaedic surgery under enflurane anaesthesia were given, in a double-blind random fashion, 2.5 mg of droperidol i.m. before anaesthesia, or 1.25 mg of droperidol or a saline placebo i.v. at the end of anaesthesia in an attempt to prevent post-operative vomiting. The administration of droperidol 1.25 mg (for those receiving initially 1.25 mg of droperidol) or saline (for those receiving initially 2.5 mg of droperidol or saline) was repeated i.m. during the 24 post-operative hours in a blind manner if the patient complained of nausea, retched or vomited. Significantly fewer patients (P less than 0.05) given i.m. or i.v. droperidol had emetic symptoms than patients given saline. Furthermore, 51% of the patients given saline needed additional doses of saline, whereas only 27% of the patients given i.m. and 36% of the patients given i.v. droperidol required a second dose (P less than 0.05 between groups). More of the patients given saline (23%) than those given droperidol (8% to 9%), as a blind drug (P less than 0.05), needed to be given additional droperidol as a known anti-emetic because of the failure of the blind drug to prevent or treat symptoms. It is concluded that droperidol given either as a single dose of 2.5 mg i.m. or in repeated doses of 1.25 mg i.v. is effective in the prevention and treatment of post-operative nausea and vomiting after enflurane anaesthesia. PMID- 3910429 TI - The effects of epidural analgesia and conventional anaesthesia on renal excretion of PGE2 during orthopaedic surgery. AB - The effect of standard anaesthesia (G-I) and epidural analgesia (G-II) on urinary synthesis of PGE2 was compared in two groups of 12 patients each undergoing orthopaedic surgery. This study demonstrates a significant elevation of renal PGE2 in patients undergoing standard anaesthesia during surgery. In marked contrast, with epidural analgesia, the inhibition of renal secretion of PGE2 is apparent. These findings strongly suggest the important role of the sympathetic nervous system in the synthesis of PGE2. PMID- 3910430 TI - Plasma aldosterone and renal function in runners during a 20-day road race. AB - To evaluate the effects that repeated long-distance running has on plasma aldosterone concentration and urinary excretion of solutes, fifteen male runners were studied during a 20-day, 500-km road race. Venous blood samples were taken on day 1 prior to running, on day 11 after 10 days of running, on day 13 after a 70-h rest, and on day 18 after an additional five days of running. Overnight urine samples were obtained on day 10 before and after running and on days 11, 12, and 13 during the 70-h rest period. Plasma sodium concentrations on days 13 and 18 and plasma potassium concentrations on days 11 and 13 were decreased (P less than 0.05). Plasma aldosterone levels were increased on days 11 and 18 after running and returned to pre-race levels on day 13 after 70 h of rest. Plasma cortisol concentrations were not altered. The urinary excretion rates of sodium were elevated and of aldosterone were decreased after 70 h of rest. Increase in excretion rate of urinary sodium correlated with decrease in concentration of plasma aldosterone. These findings show that plasma aldosterone levels are chronically elevated with repeated long-distance running, resulting in a decrease in urinary excretion rate of sodium. PMID- 3910431 TI - Cholelithiasis in sickle cell disease: a cholecystographic and ultrasonographic evaluation in Nigerians. AB - A prospective study designed to establish the incidence of gallstones among 48 Nigerian homozygous sickle cell disease patients was made using oral cholecystography and grey-scale ultrasonography. The age range was 2 to 35 years with a mean of 16 years. The youngest patient with gallstones was a 51/2-year-old boy. Gallstones were demonstrated on cholecystosonography in 12 of 48 patients (25%). The incidence of cholelithiasis was 7.7% in children 10 years or younger and 31.4% in patients above this age. There was no correlation between the incidence of cholelithiasis and serum bilirubin on one hand and positive history of abdominal pain on the other. Screening of patients over 15 years for gallstones is suggested with a view to performing elective cholecystectomy in patients who subsequently become symptomatic. PMID- 3910432 TI - Routine evaluation of arteriopathies of the lower extremities by digital subtraction angiography. AB - Intravenous digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was performed in 119 patients with lower extremity ischemia using a 14" amplifier. Four injections of contrast medium were usually necessary for a complete evaluation of this vascular region. Images of good quality were obtained in most cases; movement artifacts and a faint opacification accounted for any poor results, which occurred mainly under the knee. The technique of pixel shifting turned out to be very useful to remove movement artifacts. The "measuring field" allowed us to minimize the problem of the inhomo geneous saturation of the amplifier. In 8% of the cases an intra arterial DSA has been performed after an unsatisfactory intravenous examination. Conventional angiography appears to be no longer necessary. PMID- 3910433 TI - Comparison of ultrasonographic and histological findings for multinodular lesions of the salivary glands. AB - Fifteen cases of multinodular lesions of the salivary glands are presented. All nodules were hypoechoic, the largest measuring over 5 mm. The various etiologies represented included: 8 non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, 5 metastases of cancer of the tongue, 1 sarcoidosis limited to the submaxillary gland, and 1 case of oncocytosis involving all four salivary glands. After discussing the rarity and the general characteristics of these lesions, the authors propose a diagnostic strategy following examination by ultrasound. PMID- 3910434 TI - Fat as a factor affecting resolution in diagnostic ultrasound: possibilities for improving picture quality. AB - Fat and air are the main factors affecting quality by causing interference in ultrasound. Deterioration in resolution with increasing thickness of overlapping fat has been verified experimentally. The following factors have provided better resolution in experimental studies: large aperture transducers; compound technique (good axial resolution compensates for poor lateral resolution); compression of fat and location of the fat in the focus of the transducer; large beam width of the ultrasound signal. In a clinical study with 663 patients the influence of compression and compound technique on visualisation of abdominal structures was tested with a Combison 100 real-time scanner, Combison 202 compound scanner and the Octoson system. The retroperitoneal space was not demonstrated in 66 patients. Compression with the real-time transducer improved demonstration in 50% of studies (33/66), as compared to 20% (19/66) with the compound technique. Resolution was affected by velocity errors and reflection in 30% of cases (19/66) examined with the compound technique. PMID- 3910435 TI - New prospects in CT image processing via mathematical morphology. AB - New prospects are foreseen in CT image processing via mathematical morphology (M.M.). M.M. is a set theory based upon the concept of "structuring elements" and allows texture analysis and pattern recognition by performing sequences of neighborhood transformations. This results in a wide range of quantifications. Mathematical morphology applied to CT densitometry allows obtaining the mean density of an organ after its automatic extraction from the background. This operation eliminates the approximations due to the manual selection of the Region of Interest (ROI). Precision, reliability and reproducibility are therefore improved. In this study, we performed the automatic isolation of a sole vertebral body in thoracic or abdominal CT slices to quantify numerous parameters, among them, density of the vertebral trabecular and cortical bones. On scans of the second and third metacarpals, morphomathematical analysis allowed quantification of the parameters of bone evolution: mean cortical density, directional cortico diaphyseal index, and medullar area. In a different connection, M.M. has allowed automatic segmentation of lung parenchyma, the measurement of its mean density and the determination of the relative importance of the vascular network. PMID- 3910436 TI - Lysosomal enzyme activities in muscle following starvation and refeeding in the saithe Pollachius virens L. AB - Saithe (Pollachius virens L.) were starved for 66 days at 10 degrees C and activities of aryl sulfatase, acid proteinase, beta-glucuronidase, RNAase and acid phosphatase measured in homogenates prepared from fast and slow myotomal muscles. In fed fish, hydrolase activities were generally higher in slow than fast muscles. With the exception of acid proteinase activity in slow muscle, the activities of all the lysosomal enzymes increased by 70 to 100% during starvation. In general, there was a proportionally larger increase in the hydrolase activities in fast than in slow muscle. In a second experiment, fish were starved for 74 days, and refed for up to 52 days. The increases in aryl sulfatase and acid proteinase activity produced in fast muscle with starvation were found to be rapidly reversed by refeeding. Lysosomal enzyme activities in fish sampled after 10 days refeeding were not significantly different from fed controls. Membrane fractions enriched in aryl sulfatase activity were prepared from the fast muscle of 66-day starved fish. These were capable of degrading both myosin heavy chains and actin to lower molecular weight peptides at acid (pH 5.0), but not at neutral pH. The results suggest a role for lysosomal enzymes in the breakdown of myofibrillar proteins during starvation. PMID- 3910437 TI - Immunocytochemical localization of a non-vitellogenin, estrogen-induced plasma protein in the hepatocyte of the American bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana. AB - Recently, a non-vitellogenin, estrogen-induced frog plasma protein of unknown function and site of synthesis, which has been given the temporary name, protein RcX, was isolated and partially characterized by Mitchell et al. In the present study, the protein A-gold immunocytochemical technique was applied to investigate its site of secretion; this was found to be the hepatocyte of the estradiol-17 beta-treated adult, male American bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana. Specific immunolabeling for protein-RcX was present over those intracellular compartments involved in protein secretion, i.e., the rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and secretory granules, in addition, lysosomes were also labeled. No specific labeling for this protein was observed on hepatocytes of normal, non estrogen treated, adult, male bullfrogs. Further, the labeling was abolished when plasma containing protein-RcX was added to the antibody prior to incubation but remained when purified vitellogenin was added. These observations support the hypothesis that protein-RcX is a non-vitellogenin, estrogen-induced plasma protein which is synthesized and secreted in parallel with vitellogenin by the hepatocyte of the estrogen-treated frog. PMID- 3910438 TI - Altered cellular morphology and microfilament array in ataxia-telangiectasia fibroblasts. AB - Cells derived from individuals with the ataxia-telangiectasia syndrome demonstrate a number of unusual properties. They are highly sensitive to the lethal effects of ionizing radiation and also fail to demonstrate the normal inhibition of DNA synthesis associated with this type of DNA-damaging agent. Additionally, a number of ataxia-telangiectasia lymphoblastoid lines have been shown to have an unusual regulation of the cellular actin levels. However, the primary lesion causing ataxia-telangiectasia is unknown. In this paper we report an altered cellular morphology in three ataxia-telangiectasia fibroblast lines, but not in a number of control fibroblast lines. Investigation of the cytoskeleton using antibodies against certain cytoskeletal proteins revealed a difference in the microfilament pattern from ataxia-telangiectasia fibroblasts compared to controls. Ataxia fibroblasts showed a microfilament stress fiber pattern that appeared to have a more well defined and abundant array of stress fibers than control fibroblasts. In contrast, no differences were observed in the microtubule array, nor in the vinculin patterns between any of the cell lines. In addition to the differences in the microfilament patterns, ataxia-telangiectasia fibroblasts differed in their ability to recover from microfilament disruption by dimethyl sulfoxide. Control fibroblasts returned to a normal cellular state in a shorter time compared to ataxia fibroblasts, as judged by indirect immunofluorescence using antiactin. These results provide further evidence for a cytoskeletal anomaly in ataxia-telangiectasia. PMID- 3910439 TI - Myocardial imaging with radiolabelled free fatty acids: a critical review. PMID- 3910440 TI - Role of the diuresis renogram in the study of the pelviureteric junction. AB - A consecutive series of 29 patients (33 pelviureteric units) with urographic signs of altered passage through the pelviureteric junction underwent diuresis renography performed by means of an intravenous injection of 99mTc diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid/kg body weight followed by intravenous administration of frusemide. Anderson-Hynes pyeloplasty was performed in 19 pelviureteric units with a modest or almost absent fall in the renographic curve after diuretic injection; 2 other symptomatic patients, in whom a moderate fall of the same curve was found also underwent surgery. Complete normalization of the renogram was observed in 17 of 21 operated patients. Severe functional deficit and polymegacalicosis were evident in 3 and 1 patient, respectively, with unchanged postoperative renograms. During follow-up (6 months to 2 years) diuresis renography remained unaltered in non-operated units. Our experience indicates how the diuresis renogram not only gives functional confirmation of a pelviureteric junction obstruction, but is also helpful in resolving situations in which there is a discrepancy between symptoms and urographic signs. Furthermore it provides an accurate method for evaluating the results of pyeloplasty. However, the use of this investigation is not, in our opinion, indicated in the presence of severe functional deficit of the kidney or pyelectasis. PMID- 3910441 TI - Role of hemorrhoids in the pathogenesis of recurrent bacteriuria with a new approach for treatment. AB - A new approach for the pathogenesis and treatment of recurrent bacteriuria is presented. Ten patients with recurrent bacteriuria were studied. Episodes started 3-8 years prior to presentation. Different antimicrobial therapy and surgical procedures had no influence on the recurrence of infection. Urinary tract investigations were normal except for bladder neck and urethral congestion in all patients. Urine cultures identified Escherichia coli in all episodes of each individual and were identical to those of anal flora. All patients had hemorrhoids and 3 had chronic cervicitis. An etiological concept for recurrent bacteriuria is put forward. Hemorrhoids are considered to be the source of recurrent infection, the E. coli being transmitted to the genitourinary organs through the rectogenital veins. Treatment of hemorrhoids and rectogenital vein obliteration resulted in the disappearance of bacteriuric episodes during a follow up period of 1.5-6 years. Urine cultures remained free. Chronic cervicitis is cured. PMID- 3910442 TI - Angiographic treatment of high-flow priapism. AB - Priapism can be successfully treated by unilateral or bilateral percutaneous transcatheter occlusion of the internal pudendal arteries. Occlusion should be reversible in order to avoid impotence. Embolization with an autologous clot satisfies this requirement because of clot lysis and consequent vessel recanalization. This treatment is the most specific therapy in 'high-flow' priapism. The authors describe extensively 5 cases which demonstrate the feasibility of the method by which sexual potency is preserved. PMID- 3910443 TI - Red blood cell metabolism in experimental animals: pentose phosphate pathway, antioxidant enzymes and glutathione. PMID- 3910444 TI - Genetic analysis for insulitis in NOD mice. AB - Non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice spontaneously develop diabetic signs akin to those of Type I diabetes in man. Insulitis, i.e., lymphocytic infiltration around and into the pancreatic islets is one of the characteristics of such mice. It is also the etiologic pathological lesion in the development of diabetes mellitus in NOD mice. Thus, we chose insulitis as a marker for genetic analysis of the development of diabetes mellitus in NOD mice and clarified the mode of its inheritance. In breeding studies between NOD and C57BL/6J mice, insulitis was not observed in the F1 and (F1 X C57BL/6J) backcross generations, but was found with incidences of 3.9% in females and 1.4% in males in the F2 generation and 23.7% in females and 12.1% in males in the (F1 X NOD) backcross generation. These incidences in the F2 and (F1 X NOD) backcross females corresponded approximately to 1/16 and 1/4 of the incidences of 89.7% in the NOD females, respectively. A similar relationship was observed between the F2 and (F1 X NOD) backcross males and the NOD males. When the gene expressivity of both sexes for a double recessive homozygote was assumed to be the incidences of insulitis in 9-week-old NOD females and males, respectively, the expected numbers of both sexes with and without insulitis in the F2 and backcross generations agreed well with the observed ones. These observations suggest that two recessive genes on independent autosomal chromosomes are necessary for the development of insulitis in NOD mice. PMID- 3910445 TI - [Simplification of the intravenous glucose tolerance test (ivGTT) in rats]. AB - A simplified technique was established for the intravenous glucose tolerance test (ivGTT) in unanesthetized rats. In order to evaluate the relation between insulin secretion, glucose load and glucose disappearance rate, precatheterized rats were given glucose ranging in dose from 0.25 to 2.0 g/kg bw by intravenous injection. A highly linear correlation was observed in glucose disappearance rate during a period of 4-32 min. A glucose load greater than 0.5 g/kg ow induced a maximum response in insulin secretion. Small blood samples were collected using the orbital bleeding technique at 4, 16 and 28 minutes after a glucose load of 1.0 g/kg bw had been given and then T1/2, the time taken for the glucose level to fall by one half, was calculated. The mean T1/2 was significantly longer in alloxan- or cyproheptadin-diabetic rats than that in the intacts. These data indicate that a glucose load of 1.0 g/kg administered by intravenous injection with the T1/2 calculated between 4 and 32 minutes would provide an accurate means of assessing pancreatic endocrine function. PMID- 3910446 TI - Lens research: from protein to gene. PMID- 3910447 TI - A study of the criteria used for clinical evaluation of prophylactic treatment in bronchial asthma. AB - In an attempt to find better criteria for the evaluation of prophylactic treatment of asthma, we have studied the significance and the correlations of the 3 parameters usually measured: symptoms, bronchodilator requirements, changes in Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF). We have collected these data daily over a 16 week period in 13 adult asthmatics allergic to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus. For each patient, the 3 scores were compared graphically. Linear regression was used to analyze the individual relationship between 2 daily scores. Incomplete cards mostly revealed unexpected behaviour (e.g. normal lung function but many symptoms recorded) and cannot of course be taken into account in a trial protocol. We found a good correlation between PEF and symptom scores in 10 out of 13 patients and we could point out the poor correlation between medication score and the other scores. To our knowledge, it is the first time such an objective result has been shown in asthmatic adults. Our analysis provides data which should improve the studies of prophylactic treatment efficacy in asthma. PMID- 3910448 TI - Regional distribution of prostanoids in rat brain: effect of insulin and 2 deoxyglucose. AB - Prostaglandin synthesis in the brain has been suggested as a component in the control mechanism of the cerebral circulation. During insulin-induced hypoglycemia there is a significant increase in local cerebral blood flow in various brain regions, however, regional loss of autoregulation occurs under these conditions. In the present study the regional distribution of PGE2, TXB2 (the stable metabolite of thromboxane) and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha (the stable metabolite of prostacyclin) was determined in rat brain following decapitation. Three groups of rats were treated with either saline, insulin or 2-deoxyglucose and their brains were rapidly removed one hour later. Samples from the cortex hypothalamus, hippocampus, striatum, nucleus accumbens and cerebellum were assayed by RIA for the content of PGE2, TXB2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha. The levels of all three compounds in control rats were the lowest in the striatum and cerebellum, while in the cortex and hippocampus their levels were 4-6 times higher. Insulin had selective effect on the post decapitation levels of prostanoids. It increased PGE2 in the n. accumbens and TXB2 in the hippocampus, and reduced 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and TXB2 in the cortex. 2-DG reduced all PGs in the cortex and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha in the hypothalamus and hippocampus. The results demonstrate that discrete brain areas have a differential capacity to accumulate PGs following decapitation. This capacity is selectively affected by insulin and 2-DG. PMID- 3910449 TI - Proximity and hierarchy: orthogonal dimensions of family interconnectedness. AB - The purpose of this research was to develop logical and empirically valid conceptual tools for investigating relationships between family patterns of interconnectedness and psychosocial functioning of children in the family. The family systems concept of boundary was analyzed into two component concepts: Proximity (interpersonal boundaries) and generational Hierarchy (subsystem boundaries). These concepts were operationalized as dimensions, and eight families were assessed by means of interaction coding, interview, and Kinetic Family Drawing to yield empirical verification of these dimensions. Findings indicated that Proximity and Hierarchy are reliable, valid, and independent dimensions of family interconnectedness. Weak generational Hierarchy was associated with increased levels of psychological dysfunction for both identified patients and their siblings. High Proximity was similarly associated with psychological dysfunction, but only for identified patients. The hypothesis that enmeshment is a composite pattern of high Proximity and weak Hierarchy was disconfirmed. Suggestions for future research include systemic analysis of deviation-counteracting and -amplifying relationships between patterns of Proximity and Hierarchy, on the one hand, and psychosocial dysfunction, on the other. PMID- 3910450 TI - Multiple family therapy: current status and critical appraisal. AB - This article provides an updated review and synthesis of the research and clinical literature dealing with multiple family therapy as an identifiable treatment approach. Major emphasis is placed on the literature published since an earlier comprehensive review (63). It is concluded that multiple family therapy is a viable and promising treatment modality, yet one that in clinical practice remains underused, conceptually underdeveloped, and poorly differentiated from other treatment approaches. Recommendations are made and pathways are identified that may promote the further growth and development of the approach. PMID- 3910451 TI - [Use of ion-exchange sorbents for determining drug preparations and their metabolites in biological fluids by high-performance liquid chromatography]. AB - High performance liquid chromatography has acquired great importance recently for an analysis of the drugs in biological fluids of the body. Phase inversion sorbents are particularly widely used today. However, the use of ion-exchange sorbents is fairly promising for an analysis of the drugs capable of ionizing in an aqueous solution. The authors illustrate the use of the latter ones for determination in the blood, urine and saliva of man of a number of the cardiologic drugs (etmozine, nonachlazine, verapamil, prazosin, propranolol, nadolol). Ion-exchange sorbents make it possible to attain better results than inverse phase ones, since they retain the drugs selectively and do not retain the endogenous substances of lipid nature. As regards verapamil, prazosin and propranolol, the unchanged drug and polar metabolites could be determined jointly, with such a determination being not feasible with the use of phase inversion sorbents. Separation of the diastereoisomers of nadolol was achieved in the blood and urine of patients who received the drug. PMID- 3910452 TI - Antimycotic 2-alkyldithio, 2-aralkyldithio, 2-aryldithiobenzamides. AB - Some 2-alkyldithio, 2-aralkyldithio, 2-aryldithio benzoic acids, their methyl esters and N-monosubstituted amides were prepared and tested in vitro against Candida albicans and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Some N-monosubstituted amides displayed activities similar to those of clotrimazole and pyrrolnitrin. Against Candida albicans, N-monosubstituted amides exhibited a generally higher activity than the corresponding N-monosubstituted amides of 2,2' dicarboxydiphenyldisulfide. PMID- 3910453 TI - [Paramedical workers in the Revolution of 1905-1907]. PMID- 3910454 TI - [Monument to N. I. Pirogov (on the 175th anniversary of the birth of Nikolai Ivanovich Pirogov)]. PMID- 3910455 TI - [N. I. Pirogov and sisters of mercy]. PMID- 3910456 TI - [Determination of the minute volume of circulation using the electrolyte dilution method]. PMID- 3910457 TI - Evolutionary approach in contemporary studies of antibody formation. PMID- 3910458 TI - Localization of immunoglobulins G, A and M in glial cells of reactive and neoplastic origin. AB - The localization of immunoglobulins G, A and M in glial cells of neoplastic and reactive origin have been investigated by the use of the PAP (peroxidase antiperoxidase) method on paraffin embedded tissue previously fixed in calcium formol. It has been found, that some glial cells of astrocyte type showed a very intense staining when oligoclonal antibodies to human immunoglobulins G, A and M specific for gamma, alpha, and mu chains were used. The localization of immunoglobulins was disclosed in astrocytes of various morphology; astrocytes with well developed processes, gemistocyte type cells without or only with short and thick cell processes and in small cells with scanty cytoplasm. The number of cells with immunoglobulins localized is very small. No positive results have been noted if the normal brain tissue is concerned. The specificity of the method is discussed. PMID- 3910459 TI - [The localization of estrogen receptor (ER) in target tissues as visualized by immunoperoxidase method using anti-ER antibody]. AB - It is very important to detect the intracellular distribution and dynamics of estrogen receptor (ER) in order to make the mechanisms of estrogen action clear. In a recent report, monoclonal antibodies localized ER only in the nucleus of target cells under both the presence and absence of estrogen. We purified cow and human uterine ER and induced specific polyclonal anti-ER antibodies. In this report, the specificity of immunological reactivity of anti-ER antibodies was examined, and the distribution of ER in the target tissues was detected by the indirect immunoperoxidase method. The specific staining was observed in the nucleus and cytoplasm of the endo- and myometrium of cow, rat and human uterus. In the nontarget organs, such as kidney and muscle, the specific staining was not detected. The cytoplasm of MCF-7 cells and immature rat uterine tissues were mainly stained without estrogen; however, the nuclear staining increased obviously after the estrogen priming. The cytoplasmic and/or nuclear staining was positive in 63% of 21 human breast cancer cases. This immunohistochemical assay (IHC) method of ER measurement was compared with the DCC assay method, a biochemical assay based on hormone binding ability. The concomitant positivity or negativity in DCC and IHC were observed as 61.9% (13 cases) or 19.0% (4 cases), respectively. Therefore, these two methods showed the same assay results in 81.0% of human breast cancer tissues. PMID- 3910460 TI - [An immunochemical assay of pregnanediol 3-glucuronide in urine and its variation in the peri-ovulatory period]. AB - A rapid, simple and sensitive immunochemical assay of pregnanediol 3-glucuronide (Pd-3G) in urine was established. The standard error range of the recovery test was within 0.8 microgram/ml, and the coefficient variation of the within run and day to day precision tests were within 4%. Cross reactivity of various steroids exhibited less than 4%. A significant rise of Pd-3G (mg)/creatinine (g) coincided with the LH surge and continued during the luteal phase in the ovulatory menstrual cycle. In an anovulatory cycle, Pd-3G was found to be under 4 mg/g. This Pd-3G direct assay method could be widely used for assessing ovulation and luteal function. PMID- 3910461 TI - [Insulin like action of oxytocin]. AB - The insulin-like activity of oxytocin in stimulating glucose oxidation in rat adipocytes has been demonstrated repeatedly in the last 20 years. Oxytocin binds to a specific cell surface receptor of adipocytes; however, little attention has yet been paid to the effect of oxytocin on glucose oxidation in other tissues. We have initiated studies into the metabolicregulatory activity of oxytocin in insulin sensitive tissues and uterus. PMID- 3910462 TI - [A case of leprechaunism with extreme insulin resistance due to a primary defect in insulin receptors]. AB - This report describes a 3-month-old female infant with the typical physical features of leprechaunism. The patient demonstrated glucose intolerance and marked hyperinsulinemia (4600 microU/ml). Since an intravenous insulin injection (actrapid insulin: 0.15 U/kg) caused no significant decrease in the blood glucose level, the presence of insulin resistance was suggested. Neither insulin antibodies nor insulin receptor antibodies were were found in the patient's plasma, and other circulating insulin antagonists such as glucagon, growth hormone, and cortisol were within normal limits. [125I]Insulin binding to the erythrocytes from the patient was as low as 1.02% (control infants: 4.89 +/- 1.08% [mean +/- SD]). [125I]Insulin binding to the cultured transformed lymphocytes from the patient was similarly reduced to 3.58% (control: 20.9 +/- 2.71% [mean +/- SD]). From these findings we concluded that the insulin resistance was due to a primary defect in insulin receptors. Interestingly, transient remissions of the patient's glucose intolerance and hyperinsulinemia were observed during a year of follow-up study. The insulin tolerance test which was performed at the remission period showed an improvement in insulin resistance. However, the insulin binding defect to erythrocytes remained unchanged even at the remission period. The exact cause of these remissions was not clear and remained to be elucidated. PMID- 3910464 TI - [Basic design of model cast frameworks in a combination denture]. PMID- 3910463 TI - [Galvanic construction of crown frameworks for full veneering]. PMID- 3910465 TI - [Preparation of crowns from pourable Dicor glass ceramic]. PMID- 3910466 TI - [Alternatives to the Bunsen burner--electronically regulated modeling instruments]. PMID- 3910467 TI - [Nature as a technical model]. PMID- 3910468 TI - [Retention- and force vector-principles in prosthetic education]. PMID- 3910469 TI - [Training dental technicians. 27/5. The morphology of the teeth. Practice with natural models]. PMID- 3910470 TI - [Form and color of ceramic multifunctional crowns]. PMID- 3910471 TI - [Many factors have effect on the adhesion of dental ceramics]. PMID- 3910472 TI - [Training dental technicians. 27/2. The morphology of the teeth. 2. The Slavicek waxing technics. I]. PMID- 3910473 TI - [Training dental technicians. 27/3. The morphology of the teeth. 2. The Slavicek waxing technics. II]. PMID- 3910474 TI - [Initial experiences with Dicor glass ceramic crowns]. PMID- 3910475 TI - [Maryland bridge as a practical alternative]. PMID- 3910476 TI - [A combined dental prosthesis with grinding and a swing-lock]. PMID- 3910477 TI - [Connection between esthetics and rational coating technics]. PMID- 3910478 TI - [Technical precision of the marginal fit of ceramic platinum crowns]. PMID- 3910479 TI - [Over-sizing of the denture]. PMID- 3910480 TI - [Prosthesis preparation with the Inkovac polymerization system]. PMID- 3910481 TI - [Training dental technicians. 27/4. The morphology of the teeth. Nature as a model]. PMID- 3910482 TI - The L.D. Pankey Institute: offering the challenge of excellence. PMID- 3910483 TI - Focus on laboratory motors. PMID- 3910484 TI - Evolution of antibody repertoire--somatic mutation as a late comer. PMID- 3910485 TI - Seasonal changes in the thymus and spleen of the turtle, Mauremys caspica. A morphometrical, light microscopical study. AB - Mauremys caspica has been used to analyze morphological changes which affect lymphoid organs (thymus and spleen) throughout the year related to annual variations of circulating steroid hormones. Both organs undergo seasonal variations which, however, differentially affect their distinct compartments (cortex and medulla in the thymus; PALS and PELS in the splenic white pulp). The greatest thymic involution occurs in summer, with some recovery at the beginning of autumn and a slow decrease throughout the winter. At the beginning of spring, although the gland increases somewhat in size, the thymic cortex is only slightly developed. Only at the end of spring does the thymus reach a large size, with a well developed cortex and medulla. In the same season, the splenic lymphoid tissue reaches its maximum development, but in the summer it undergoes a dramatic decrease. These results are confronted with the activity of steroid hormones measured by radio-immune assay, confirming possible relationships between the development of lymphoid organs during summer and spring, and levels of circulating corticosterone and testosterone. The decrease in lymphoid tissue during winter could be related to temperature-dependent membrane homeoviscosity. PMID- 3910486 TI - In vitro induction of anti-SRBC response in dissociated spleen cells of Xenopus laevis. PMID- 3910487 TI - [Abnormalities of 24 hour (Holter) ECG monitoring in diabetics: involvement of cardiac autonomic neuropathy and/or insulin therapy]. AB - In order to detect evidence of cardiac autonomic neuropathy, 24-hour continuous electrocardiographic monitoring was carried out on fifty-one diabetic patients (thirty-one IDD, twenty NIDD) and twenty-two healthy controls taking no treatment which could alter the heart rate. In the diabetic patients the minimum 24-hour heart-rate and the mean sleeping heart rate were significantly higher, and the maximum 24-hour heart rate and the ratio [(maximum-minimum heart rates)/minimum heart rate] were significantly lower. Evidence in one diabetic of cardiac autonomic neuropathy was found only as the difference (maximum-minimum heart rates). This index was found to be below 38/min (mean-2 SD of the controls) in seven diabetics, but only one of the nine diabetics with signs of autonomic neuropathy had this abnormal index. The mean values for the minimum and the mean sleeping heart rates were high in the IDD with or without signs of peripheral neuropathy and without signs of autonomic neuropathy but were not high in IDD with signs of autonomic neuropathy. These findings suggest the presence of cardiac autonomic neuropathy in diabetics. However, the possibility of insulin induced tachycardia should be considered this tachycardia is probably related to stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system, which would explain the absence of abnormalities in IDD with autonomic neuropathy. PMID- 3910489 TI - Insulin and C-peptide responses to glucose load in cystic fibrosis. AB - Immunoreactive Insulin and C-peptide responses to glucose load were estimated in patients with cystic fibrosis and in controls. Both insulin and C-peptide responses were low in cystic fibrosis patients and the changes were more marked in those with glucose intolerance. There appears to be true pancreatic hyposecretion of insulin in patients with cystic fibrosis whereas the peripheral sensitivity of insulin seems to be normal or enhanced. PMID- 3910488 TI - The effect of insulin deprivation on fasting levels of 5000 dalton gastric inhibitory polypeptide in type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetics. AB - To investigate whether metabolic decompensation has an effect on gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), 8 fasting male type 1 diabetics were deprived of insulin for 12 h. An overnight insulin infusion aiming at normoglycaemia was stopped at 08.00 h. During the following 12 h blood glucose increased from 7.0 +/ 0.4 to 14.9 +/- 1.0 mmol/l, P less than 0.01, 3-hydroxy-butyrate from 0.18 +/- 0.07 to 4.00 +/- 0.74 nmol/1, P less than 0.01, and immunoreactive GIP (IR-GIP) from 16.7 +/- 2.6 to 21.9 +/- 2.9 pmol/1, P less than 0.05. The antiserum employed, R65, only measures 5000 dalton IR-GIP. The final IR-GIP concentrations were not significantly different from fasting IR-GIP concentrations in 13 normal male subjects (17.4 +/- 1.5 pmol/1). Short term insulin deprivation therefore is associated with a slight increase in fasting IR-GIP concentrations. Whether this modest increase in IR-GIP significantly enhances insulin secretion is unknown. PMID- 3910490 TI - Humoral immunity in diabetic pregnancy: interrelationships with maternal/neonatal complications and maternal metabolic control. AB - The presence of islet cell antibodies (ICA), complement fixing islet cell antibodies (CF-ICA), other organ-specific autoantibodies, insulin antibodies and two different types of immune complexes (AgAb) in diabetic pregnant women treated with insulin during pregnancy was investigated and compared with maternal metabolic control and with the course and outcome of pregnancy. One hundred and eighteen pregnant diabetic women were grouped according to type of diabetes: 56 were insulin-dependent diabetic patients who had been previously treated with insulin (Group 1); 23 were non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients who had previously received diet or oral treatment (Group 2); 39 had gestational diabetes (Group 3). 94 patients were subjected to regular check-ups during pregnancy and blood samples were taken during the last month of pregnancy (phase A); some were treated with standard preparations of insulin, the remainder with purified insulins. 24 patients were treated with purified insulins (a bovine and porcine mixture) on entering the study and blood samples were taken at regular intervals during pregnancy (phase B). ICA were detected in 12% of the patients in Group 1 and in 5% of those in Group 3. There was no significant variation in the titre during the gestational period. ICA were not detected in the patients in Group 2. No CF-ICA were found in any of the patients. The positivity of the other organ specific autoantibodies was similar to that the normal control group. Insulin antibodies were found in concentrations of 67%, 73% and 25% in Groups 1,2 and 3 respectively during the last month of pregnancy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3910491 TI - [Value of metformin-insulin association in the treatment of insulin- dependent diabetes]. PMID- 3910492 TI - Observations on the dating of pregnancy. AB - The relationship between the concentrations of placental proteins and the stage of gestation has been examined. Human chorionic gonadotrophin and Schwangerschaftsprotein 1 were measured in two groups of patients: one a group of 13 women studied daily from conception to 21 days after ovulation and the other 43 normal pregnancies studied from 5 to 16 wk gestation. The results of assessment of the stage of gestation as determined by placental protein assay were compared with the dating obtained from last menstrual period and ultrasonic scan. The measurement of placental proteins was at least as accurate as the last menstrual period or ultrasonic scan in determining the stage of gestation. PMID- 3910493 TI - Missed abortion, and later spontaneous abortion, in pregnancies clinically normal at 7-12 wk. AB - One thousand nine hundred and thirty-eight mothers were examined by ultrasound at 7-12 wk gestation. Eighty-three (4.28%) were found to have a dead fetus or an empty gestation sac. Twenty-five (1.29%) had a live fetus at that scan but spontaneously aborted 1-13 wk later. The earlier in pregnancy the ultrasound was carried out the more likely was the pregnancy to be dead or subsequently to abort. Mothers aged 35 or over were more likely than other women to have dead pregnancies at the initial ultrasound or subsequently to abort: those of 19 or less were likely than other age groups to have a missed abortion but they had a rate of spontaneous abortion similar to those of 35 or more. PMID- 3910494 TI - Measurement of free insulin concentrations: the influence of the timing of extraction of insulin antibodies. AB - Plasma insulin concentrations of insulin-treated diabetic patients must be measured after removal of insulin antibodies, usually by precipitation with polyethylene glycol (PEG). Details of the procedure vary between laboratories; commonly, frozen plasma is thawed and incubated at 37 degrees C to restore a presumed equilibrium between free and antibody bound insulin before extraction. The present study was designed to investigate methodological factors that could affect the measured free insulin concentration. In normal subjects PEG extraction of globulins did not disturb measurement of insulin concentrations, whether carried out after incubation for 2 h at 37 degrees C, or storage at -20 degrees C, in either order. Freezing or incubation of PEG extracts of plasma from insulin treated patients also failed to disturb the measured concentrations of free insulin. When plasma from patients was incubated for 2 h after storage, a marked scatter (51-272%) of measured results occurred when compared to bedside extraction. This problem was not overcome by buffering with HEPES or storage at a lower temperature (-40 degrees C). Incubation at 0 degrees C also severely disturbed the apparent concentrations. Incubation of plasma before extraction and freezing also disturbed the measured result, a problem not corrected by maintaining near physiological pH. Total insulin concentrations measured on acid extracts were not disturbed by any of these manoeuvres. The temperature of centrifugation of blood at the time of venepuncture did not influence the result.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3910495 TI - The alpha cell response to glucose change during perfusion of anti-insulin serum in pancreas isolated from normal rats. AB - To determine the effect of neutralization of endogenous insulin upon the glucagon response to a rise and fall of glucose concentration, pancreata isolated from normal rats were perfused with either a potent anti-pork insulin guinea pig serum or a nonimmune guinea pig serum for 30 min. During this period glucose concentration was changed from 100 mg/dl to either 130, 180 or 80 mg/dl for 10 min. Antiserum perfusion at 100 mg/dl caused an approximately two-fold increase in glucagon which was not suppressed by an increase in glucose concentration to either 130 or 180 mg/dl, although glucagon secretion was significantly suppressed in the control experiments in which nonimmune serum was perfused. However, the 0.38 +/- 0.21 ng/min rise in glucagon secretion in response to a reduction in glucose concentration to 80 mg/dl in the control experiments was not abolished by antiserum perfusion but, instead, was enhanced (2.66 +/- 0.60 ng/min). These findings suggest that insulin may be required for glucose-mediated suppression of glucagon in the isolated pancreas of normal rats but not for stimulation of glucagon secretion by mild glucopenia. Alternatively, neutralization of insulin mediated release-inhibition of glucagon secretion may simply have altered alpha cell responsiveness in a direction that desensitized it nonspecifically to suppression and sensitized it to stimulation. PMID- 3910497 TI - Hyperaminoacidaemia reduces insulin-mediated glucose disposal in healthy man. AB - To determine whether hyperaminoacidaemia may modify insulin-mediated glucose disposal, normal subjects were studied with the euglycaemic glucose-clamp technique, with or without an amino acid infusion, at a rate sufficient to duplicate the plasma concentration of most amino acids. Steady-state glucose infusion rates to maintain euglycaemia were 36% lower during hyperaminoacidaemia (7.3 +/- 1.0 versus 11.4 +/- 0.8 mg X kg-1 X min-1, p less than 0.01) at comparable insulin concentrations (92 +/- 6 versus 93 +/- 7 mU/l respectively). Thus, under conditions of hyperinsulinaemia, amino acids could compete with glucose as metabolic fuels. PMID- 3910496 TI - Biological potency of porcine, bovine and human insulins in the rabbit bioassay system. AB - Potency determination of porcine, bovine and human insulins relative to the International Standard in the pharmacopoeial rabbit bioassay system requires that the log-dose response curves are parallel. Furthermore, the same relative potency should be obtained independent of how the hypoglycaemic response is defined. The results of 508 rabbit blood glucose assays have been analyzed by new multivariate statistical methods. No deviations from parallelism of the log-dose response curves were detected. However, the potencies showed significant variation depending on the blood sampling times. Pure porcine and human (semisynthetic and biosynthetic) insulin potencies decreased by 12% and 18%, respectively, from the 30-min to the 2.5-h response, whereas bovine insulin potencies increased by 9%. Since the standard is a 52:48 mixture of bovine and porcine insulins, these results could be due to porcine and human insulins having a quicker onset and shorter duration of hypoglycaemic effect than bovine insulin. This was confirmed in assays of bovine relative to porcine insulin and by direct comparison of mean blood glucose curves. It is concluded that there is a response time-dependent variation in potency when the test and standard insulin have a different species composition. Hence, pure species insulin standards - a porcine, a bovine and a human standard - are needed for assay of the three insulins. PMID- 3910498 TI - Heroin misuse and family medicine. AB - Drug users are a heterogeneous group in terms of social class and background, personality, and patterns of drug use. They are often stereotyped by both the public and the health services and this can lead to obstruction of a successful doctor-patient relationship. The real problem lies not so much in detoxification but in the prevention of relapses and the maintenance of the patient in a drug free condition. There has recently been a shift in emphasis away from drug treatment centres and hospital based treatment towards community care and family medicine. The role of the family practitioner is largely unexplored yet, rather than inspiring research, the increased contact between general practitioners and drug users has caused concern. This review concentrates on two related areas of study important for family practitioners in the management of drug misuse: the role of drug misuse in family membership and in parenthood. Families have been shown to play a role in the aetiology of drug abuse, but more important is their role in the maintenance of an individual's drug dependence. The family doctor is in an ideal position to recruit the family into the drug user's treatment. Although far fewer 'addicts' come to serious harm than is commonly believed, the risks extend also to the children born of narcotic dependent mothers. Family doctors, obstetricians and paediatricians must be aware of the particular problems for mother and child. PMID- 3910499 TI - [G.B. Morgagni: De sedibus et causis morborum per anatomen indagatis]. PMID- 3910500 TI - [G.B. Morgagni: De sedibus et causis morborum per anatomen indagatis]. PMID- 3910501 TI - [Cancers and chronic cryptogenetic enterocolitis]. PMID- 3910502 TI - [Percutaneous drainage of intra-abdominal abscesses guided by real-time ultrasonography]. AB - From October 1982 to October 1984, a percutaneous drainage under realtime ultrasound guidance was performed in 53 patients with abdominal abscesses. The location of the abscesses was subphrenic (23), retroperitoneal (16), and intrahepatic (14). A safe access route was found by using ultrasound and fluoroscopy in 53 out of 55 patients (96 p. 100). Percutaneous drainage failed in 8 patients and 3 of these patients died. The causes of death were: cerebral abscess (1), renal failure after surgery for correction of a duodenal fistula (1), and pancreatic abscess (1). The other five patients were cured by surgical drainage. Two complications were observed: one case each of pneumothorax and purulent peritonitis. Forty-five patients were healed by percutaneous drainage without operation. The duration of the catheter drainage was 14 days +/- 13 (m +/ 1 SD). Our results suggest that percutaneous drainage under realtime ultrasound guidance is an efficient and safe way to treat abdominal abscesses. PMID- 3910503 TI - [Anomalies of water and sodium excretion by the kidney in decompensated cirrhosis. The theory of blood volume overload opposed to the theory of the diminution of effective circulating volume]. PMID- 3910504 TI - [Hypotheses and reasons for the progression of body height since the middle of the 19th century--a science history retrospect. II. A discussion of the reasons since the middle of the 20th century including some terminological considerations]. AB - In part I of this paper, reasons for secular height-progression till the middle of our century were discussed. In the beginning, reasons were seen in the improvement of nutrition and in lightening from strong physical load. To the middle of our century, more and more hypothetical reasons were alleged. After this time, science found back to new reality. The secular height-progression is the consequence of nutritive improvements, especially of increased consumption of animal protein. An chief matter seems to be the nutrition of babies with food containing more protein than by breast-fed childs. Early child-nutrition may to be like a stamping for endocrine activity. The last phase of stature's increase is caused by intensive lightening from physical load in the course of modern mechanization, which advanced bone-growth of the legs. PMID- 3910505 TI - Functional comparative histology. 5. Communication: History of histology. AB - The present author gives a survey on the development of microscopy by centuries: 16th Invention of the simple microscope--at the end of the century the compound microscope was invented. 17th HOOKE's microscope was the leading of this century- binocular microscope--introduction of screw fine adjustment. 18th The first microscope in America came to Yale in 1734. CHARLES SPENCER started to manufacture microscopes at the continent in 1847. 19th Establishment of precondition for electron microscopy. ZEISS introduced apochromatic optics. The Royal Microscopical Society was established in 1858. The American Microscopical Society in 1878, The New York Microscopical Society in 1877. 20th 1906 invention of the ultraviolet microscope, 1911 of the fluorescence microscope, 1931 of the electron microscope, the first American in 1938, 1932 the centrifuge microscope, 1932 the phase contrast microscope. The first American phase contrast microscope in 1944, 1942 phosphorescence microscope, in the 1950th the interference and x ray microscopes. PMID- 3910506 TI - Morphometric study of fat cell size in the fascia areolaris and fascia lamellaris of the inguinal region in men, women and pregnant women. AB - The fat cells of the fascia areolaris and fascia lamellaris of men, women, and pregnant women (aged between 20 and 35a) were morphometrically studied. The cell volumes showed the following average values: 4.423 X 10(5) micron3 and 2.004 X 10(5) micron3 for the fasciae areolaris and lamellaris respectively, in men; 6.236 X 10(5) micron3 and 3.964 X 10(5) micron3 in women, and 10.114 X 10(5) micron3 and 4.635 X 10(5) micron3 in the pregnant women. The analysis of variance showed significant differences between both sexes, and fasciae areolaris and lamellaris. The differences between women and pregnant women as far as the cell volume is concerned, in both fasciae, were not significant. As to the fascia areolaris, not the lamellaris, the difference between the sexes was significant. PMID- 3910507 TI - [Diagnosis of benign and malignant ovarian tumors]. AB - The present paper reports on the value of gynecological-clinical examinations and preoperative ultrasonography in the diagnosis of benign and malignant ovarian tumors. Out of a group of 42 patients, in all of whom "ovarian cyst" had only been diagnosed clinically, 14% were not found to be suffering from this condition at surgery. In a comparison of preoperative gynecological-clinical and ultrasonographic findings (in 68 patients) it proved possible to determine the side on which the tumor was localized, its actual size, the extent to which it was delimited from the uterus, and its consistency (whether solid or cystic) significantly better by ultrasonography (p less than 0,01). However, the results of this study indicate that 2% of the cases diagnosed ultrasonographically as "benign ovarian tumor/ovarian cyst" are likely to be ovarian carcinomas. In the group of patients with malignant ovarian tumors also (42 patients), there was a significant difference in the preoperative diagnosis "suspected ovarian carcinoma". On the basis of clinical findings it was only diagnosed in 45%, while it was found in 74% by ultrasonography (p less than 0,01). In 3 cases with ovarian carcinoma there was no pathologic palpation finding, and in only one other case was a "suspected ovarian cyst" diagnosed. By means of ultrasonography, on the other hand, all of the cases of ovarian carcinoma were classified either as "ovarian carcinoma" or as "cystic-solid/complex abdominal tumor". The most frequent diagnoses on the basis of the sonographic scan (approx. 90%) were cystic solid ovarian tumors, followed by cystic-ventriculated ovarian tumors with solid portions and finally solid ovarian tumors with only a few cystic portions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3910508 TI - [Long-term results of the operative treatment of stress incontinence by anterior colporrhaphy with diaphragmplasty]. AB - 200 female patients who were subjected to colporrhaphia anterior with Kelly Kennedy sutures between 1972 and 1978 in addition to a vaginal hysterectomy as therapy for SUI, returned a completed katamnestic questionnaire. By means of a five-step scale basing on a pattern by Heidenreich and the Ingelman-Sundberg incontinence scale based on incontinence-inducing situations, we achieved success (healing or markable improvement) just after the operation of 76% and 2-8 years after the operation of 70%. The reasons of failure are described in detail with suggestions to improve the rate of success. PMID- 3910509 TI - [Initial experiences with transvaginal sonography of the urethra and bladder within the scope of the diagnosis of incontinence]. AB - Female urinary incontinence can be visualized only insufficiently be means of static methods such as the lateral cystourethrogram. Detailed information on physiology and morphology or pathological abnormalities can be gained only by means of dynamic methods, where transvaginal or transrectal sonography could become the method of choice. The essential advantages of this method over the conventional imaging methods are discussed. PMID- 3910510 TI - [Premature detachment of an at the uterine septum implanted placenta. Case report]. AB - In the context of a report on a case in which the placenta was implanted at the uterine septum, the diagnosis, course of pregnancy, and obstetric management are described and discussed. In the case reported here this extremely rare nidation site led to premature detachment of the placenta during the last expulsive pain in a delivery with a vaginal breech presentation (43-year-old patient with four previous unproblematic term births). PMID- 3910511 TI - [Home childbirth and clinical delivery in the 3d Reich. On a memorial to the German Society of Gynecology 1939]. AB - There have always been controversies on the pros and cons of home delivery and childbirth in a hospital. During the Nazi regime, the official "health command" policy monitored by the Nazi party promoted home delivery under midwife supervision, both by pertinacious propaganda and partly also by decrees and ordinances. The official line of argument against clinical obstetrics consisted of a queer and highly questionable melange of ideology and distored facts brought forward by the so-called "Reichsgesundheitsfuhrer" Dr. Leonardo Conti and his mother, Mrs Nanna Conti as head of the Party-sponsored Midwives Association. The "Midwives Law" was promulgated on 21 December 1938 prescribing compulsory consultation of a midwife for every delivery. By the end of 1939 gynaecologists eventually rallied in protest against legislative measures to restrict clinical obstetrics, by means of a memorandum penned by the German Association for Gynaecology. This memorandum was scheduled for circulation among all the members of the association. The pressure exercised by this memorandum resulted in tough negotiations amounting to a tug-of-war between representatives of the German Association for Gynaecology and Dr. Conti. This led eventually not only to an abandonment of the attacks against clinical obstetrics but also to an official and unreserved recognition of its achievements. In addition, the "Reichsgesundheitsfuhrer" issued "Directives for regulating obstetrics procedures" in 1940/41 in which it was laid down that it would be left to the decision of the expectant mother to choose where she would prefer to deliver her child. PMID- 3910512 TI - [Immunologic characteristics of early precursors of human lymphoid cells]. PMID- 3910513 TI - [Relation between hemoglobins S and C and protein products of various oncogenes]. PMID- 3910514 TI - [Anemia and the cardiovascular system]. PMID- 3910515 TI - Hypoglycemic constituents of Panax ginseng. AB - This article reviews the recent progress in the identification of hypoglycemic and insulino-mimetic principles in ginseng. Hitherto five types of substances have been discovered. They include five glycans designated panaxans A to E, adenosine, a carboxylic acid, a peptide with a molecular weight of 1400 and lacking in basic amino acid residues, and a fraction designated DPG-3-2 prepared from the water extract of ginseng. The structure of panaxan A has been partially elucidated and the glycans have been demonstrated to elicit hypoglycemia in both normal and diabetic mice. DPG-3-2 exerted its hypoglycemic action or provoked insulin secretion in diabetic and glucose-loaded normal mice while having no effect on normal mice. Adenosine, the carboxylic acid and the mol. wt 1400 peptide inhibited catecholamine-induced lipolysis in rat epididymal fat pads. EPG 3-2, a fraction related to DPG-3-2, also exhibited antilipolytic activity. PMID- 3910516 TI - Are vascular mechanisms involved in antidepressant action? AB - Recent studies of the mechanisms of action of certain antidepressants, anti migraine agents, and Ca2+ entry blockers have been briefly reviewed and analyzed. It is postulated that a thorough explanation of the therapeutic effects of antidepressants should include discussion of their actions on the cardiovascular (cerebrovascular) system. The inhibitory actions of antidepressants on Ca2+- and serotonin (5-HT)-mediated processes of vascular smooth muscle seem to be particularly important. PMID- 3910517 TI - Effects of chronic ethanol treatment on glucose tolerance, insulin response and circulating metabolites in the pregnant rat. AB - The effects of chronic ethanol treatment on intravenous glucose tolerance and insulin response in non-pregnant and pregnant rats were studied. Basal circulating glucose, insulin, and ketone bodies levels were also determined during the treatment. Basal blood glucose concentration did not change during the ethanol treatment whereas plasma insulin levels were lower at the beginning of gestation and at the 15 and 18 days of pregnancy in ethanol-treated rats. Blood beta-OH-butyrate levels were higher and acetoacetate concentrations unchanged during the ethanol treatment, resulting in augmented beta-OH butyrate/acetoacetate ratio. Intravenous glucose tolerance was not modified in ethanol-treated rats whilst the associated insulin response was lower in both non pregnant and pregnant ethanol-treated rats. Data show that ethanol treatment during pregnancy alters glucose-insulin relationships despite being associated with unchanged maternal glycemia. PMID- 3910518 TI - Site of beige (bg) and leaden (ln) pigment gene expression determined by recombinant embryonic skin grafts and aggregation mouse chimaeras employing sash (Wsh) homozygotes. PMID- 3910519 TI - [Use of x-ray fluorescence in studying the state of the environment and biological materials in hygiene research]. PMID- 3910520 TI - [Hygienic aspects of using wood-shaving boards in the construction of residential and commercial buildings]. PMID- 3910521 TI - Abdominal tuberculosis. PMID- 3910522 TI - Clinical course of cirrhosis in young adults and therapeutic potential of liver transplantation. AB - The lack of information on survival in young adults with cirrhosis and the increasing use of liver transplantation in this age group have led us to carry out a retrospective analysis of the clinical course and survival in 83 young adults aged between 15 and 30 years presenting to the Liver Unit between 1970 and 1983. Fifty four (65%) patients had cirrhosis at initial presentation and in the remaining 29 (35%) this developed within the study period. The overall five year survival of the group, excluding 14 cases treated by transplantation, was 70%. When considered according to aetiological groups this was 83% in those with chronic active hepatitis, 60% in those with cryptogenic cirrhosis and 37% in Wilson's disease. When considered in relation to Child's grading, only three deaths occurred in the 45 patients with well-compensated liver disease (Child's grade A and B). Of the 38 patients with Child's grade C, 20 (83%) of the 24 patients not undergoing transplantation have died, whereas eight (57%) of the 14 receiving liver grafts are alive and well. PMID- 3910523 TI - Comparison between ranitidine and ranitidine plus Caved-S in the treatment of gastric ulceration. AB - In a double blind endoscopically controlled study, 100 patients with gastric ulcers were treated with either ranitidine or ranitidine plus Caved-S. On single therapy, 58% of ulcers were healed at four weeks, 92% at eight weeks and 96% at 12 weeks. Combination therapy did not alter the healing rate, nor improve on the control of dyspeptic symptoms. No difference in healing rate was found between good and poor drug compliance patients. This suggests that ranitidine may be equally effective at lower dosages. Thirty seven patients had developed their ulcer while taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. These patients were mainly elderly women who had a higher risk of bleeding (p = 0.006) from a large ulcer (p = 0.009). PMID- 3910524 TI - Double blind controlled trial of oral vancomycin as adjunctive treatment in acute exacerbations of idiopathic colitis. AB - A prospective double blind trial of vancomycin vs placebo was undertaken in 40 consecutive adult patients with exacerbation of idiopathic colitis (33 ulcerative colitis, seven Crohn's disease). Vancomycin or placebo (500 mg six hourly) was given for seven days in addition to routine medical therapy. Although there was no significant overall difference in outcome between the two groups, there was a trend towards a reduction in the need for operative intervention in patients with ulcerative colitis treated with vancomycin compared with controls. The efficacy of vancomycin was not attributable to its known action against C difficile, which was not isolated from any of the patients. The data suggest that microbiological factors may play a part in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis and that further studies using antimicrobials are desirable. PMID- 3910525 TI - Differences in amino acid transport and phospholipid contents during the cell cycle of Candida albicans. AB - Drugs like L-ethionine, 1,10-phenanthroline and 3-(2-thienyl)-DL-alanine which arrest Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells in the G1 phase, were unable to arrest Candida albicans cells. However, C. albicans could be arrested in G1 after a prolonged stationary phase. As compared to normal cells, there was a selective reduction in the level of accumulation of valine and glutamate in G1-arrested cells, while the phospholipid polar head group ratio was not significantly altered. When G1-arrested C. albicans cells were again allowed to grow, the level of different phospholipids started increasing at about the time of bud emergence (2.5 h) whereas reduced levels of accumulated valine and glutamate recovered within 1 h. The recovery of phospholipids and amino acid transport are two distinct events during the progression of C. albicans cells from G1 to S phase. PMID- 3910527 TI - Professor Jan Florian--a great personality. PMID- 3910526 TI - Effect of clomiphene on the content of sterols and fatty acids in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - During cultivation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae clomiphene regulates both quantitative and qualitative production of sterols and fatty acids as identified by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. The content of sterols decreases to 75%, the production of fatty acids is comparable with that in the control. The occurrence of sterols increases; sterols with methyl group in position 4, without double bond in position 22 and with double bond in position 24(25) or 24(28) predominate. Among fatty acids shorter saturated and monoene acids are primarily produced, 2-hydroxy acids practically disappeared. PMID- 3910528 TI - Plasma human growth hormone and insulin level after the exercise loading. PMID- 3910529 TI - The effect of insulin on the synthesis of lipoprotein lipase in rat adipose tissue. AB - A novel method is described for measuring the incorporation of radiolabelled amino acids into rat adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in vitro. Following the incubation of epididymal fat-bodies in the presence of [3H]leucine, the radiolabelled enzyme was isolated from extracts of the delipidated tissue, in a single step, by affinity chromatography on heparin-Sepharose, SDS-PAGE of such purified enzyme preparations revealed the presence of a single radiolabelled polypeptide of molecular weight 56 000, corresponding to LPL. In the presence of insulin, the rates of incorporation into LPL and into total tissue protein were increased respectively by 2.3 fold and 1.7 fold, compared to controls. It is concluded that part of the increase in incorporation into LPL is due to the general stimulus of protein synthesis in the tissue by insulin. Additionally insulin may either specifically increase the rate of synthesis or decrease the rate of degradation of the enzyme. PMID- 3910530 TI - Day profiles of glucose dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) in normal subjects. AB - IRGIP release results from nutrient absorption, the major stimulants being fat and carbohydrate. Little is known, however, about its diurnal profile in response to serial meals. The purpose of this study was to determine the plasma IRGIP day profile in normal subjects following four isocaloric meals administered serially throughout the day. Five healthy normal weight (67-77 kg) male volunteers aged 38 49 years were investigated following a 10 hour overnight fast on two days. On each day, isocaloric non-identical test meals were consumed at 09.00, 13.00, 16.00 and 19.00 hours. Plasma glucose, insulin (IRI), IRC-peptide and IRGIP levels were measured half-hourly from 08.30 to 21.00 hours. Peak IRGIP levels occurred within 2 hours of the commencement of each meal and then decreased gradually but never returned to fasting levels. Compared with the first meal, the subsequent pre-prandial IRGIP levels were significantly higher (P less than 0.05) which was consistent for the two study days. The highest mean IRGIP levels occurred after breakfast and tea which were the meals containing the greater proportion of fat. Plasma IRGIP levels correlated (P less than 0.001) with the concentrations of both insulin and IRC-peptide. In conclusion, plasma IRGIP levels increased following ingestion of serial mixed meals but the levels did not return to fasting concentration throughout the day. There was a gradual upward trend of each subsequent pre-prandial IRGIP value. The physiological importance of this observation requires further exploration. PMID- 3910531 TI - Glucagon administration induces lowering of serum T3 and rise in reverse T3 in euthyroid healthy subjects. AB - Euthyroid sick syndrome is characterized by low serum T3 and raised reverse T3 (rT3). Most of the states with this syndrome are also documented to manifest hyperglucagonemia. Furthermore, several recent studies have suggested that glucagon may play a role in T4 monodeiodination in some of these states such as starvation and uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. Therefore, hyperglucagonemia was induced by intravenous glucagon administration in euthyroid healthy volunteers and thyroid hormone levels were determined at frequent intervals up to six hours. Plasma glucose and insulin rose promptly on glucagon administration, thus establishing the physiologic effect of glucagon. Serum T4, free T4, T3 resin uptake, and TSH concentrations remained unaltered throughout the study period. Serum T3 declined to a significantly low level (P less than 0.05) between 60-90 minutes. Serum rT3 rose significantly (P less than 0.05) by four hours and the rise was progressive till the end of the study period. Therefore, these results suggest that hyperglucagonemia may be one of the factors responsible for lowering of T3 and a rise in rT3 in euthyroid sick syndrome. PMID- 3910532 TI - Hypothalamic site of progesterone action on gonadotropin release. AB - Tonic gonadotropin secretion was monitored at 20 min intervals for a total of 9 hours in 3 female volunteers during the mid-luteal phase of an ovulatory cycle. This control period was followed by repeated LH-RH stimulation (12 micrograms LH RH as i.v. bolus once every hour for another 5 hours). During the control period spontaneous albeit low-frequent pulsatile secretion was observed for LH (a pulse occurring once every 3-8 hours) but not for FSH. While intermittent exogenous LH RH stimulation was being performed at circhoral LH-RH pulse frequency pulsatile gonadotropin release was established at synchronous episodicity and systemic gonadotropin levels consecutively increased. These data provide indirect evidence that the pituitary gland is not rendered refractory to LH-RH by luteal progesterone secretion but readily responds to LH-RH stimuli even when these simulate a follicular phase LH-RH pulse frequency. Thus, it is concluded that spontaneous pulsatile LH release at low frequency during the luteal phase of the cycle reflects low frequent LH-RH discharges from the hypothalamus. Underlying mechanisms are discussed. PMID- 3910533 TI - C-peptide to insulin molar ratios at fasting and after oral glucose in 247 healthy subjects. PMID- 3910534 TI - Malignant lymphoma, immunoblastic with plasmacytic differentiation, complicating Crohn's disease. AB - A case of malignant lymphoma (immunoblastic with plasmacytic differentiation) of the colon complicating Crohn's disease is reported. The rarity of this complication in inflammatory granulomatous disease of the intestine is stressed. The possible relationship between intestinal lymphoma and Crohn's disease is discussed. PMID- 3910535 TI - Organizational and activational effects of sex steroids on brain and behavior: a reanalysis. AB - The actions of sex steroids on brain and behavior traditionally have been divided into organizational and activational effects. Organizational effects are permanent and occur early in development; activational effects are transient and occur throughout life. Over the past decade, experimental results have accumulated which do not fit such a simple two-process theory. Specifically, the characteristics said to distinguish organizational and activational effects on behavior are sometimes mixed, as when permanent effects occur in adulthood. Attempts to determine whether specific cellular processes are uniquely associated with either organizational or activational effects are unsuccessful. These considerations blur the organizational-activational distinction sufficiently to suggest that a rigid dichotomy is no longer tenable. PMID- 3910536 TI - Childhood studies on thickness of skin and subcutaneous adipose tissue at arm back: a review. PMID- 3910537 TI - Chronological distribution of enamel hypoplasias and weaning in a Caribbean slave population. PMID- 3910538 TI - Monoclonal antibodies to Treponema pallidum: recognition of a major polypeptide antigen. AB - Hybridomas secreting monoclonal antibodies that reacted with a 45 000 dalton surface polypeptide and major immunogen of T pallidum were produced. This polypeptide was also found in T pertenue but not in T hyodysenteriae or T phagedenis biotype Reiter. PMID- 3910539 TI - Differences in susceptibility to infection with Treponema pallidum (Nichols) between five strains of guinea pig. AB - Groups of 10 young male guinea pigs of inbred strains 2 and 13 and outbred strains Hartley A, Hartley B, and one deficient in the fourth component of complement (C4D) were infected intradermally with 80 X 10(6) Treponema pallidum (Nichols). The course of infection and production of antitreponemal antibody were examined. Strain C4D guinea pigs were the most susceptible to infection (100%); inbred strains 2 and 13 and outbred strain Hartley B showed 80-90% symptomatic infection; and the Hartley A strain was the least susceptible to infection (10%). Strain 13 animals responded with the highest antitreponemal antibody activity, and the Hartley A strain with the lowest. The results suggest that genetic factors or complement, or both, may influence the degree of susceptibility to infection with T pallidum in guinea pigs. PMID- 3910540 TI - Results of serological tests for syphilis among Gurkhas and other high risk groups. AB - Serological tests for syphilis gave more positive results in serving Gurkha (Nepali) soldiers from west Nepal than in those from east Nepal or in Gurkha recruits. The soldiers had served from four to 11 years. The source of their infection was not clear. Positive results were rather less common in black patients born in the tropics attending a genitourinary medicine in London and were similar to findings in blood donors in the West Indies. British born male patients attending a genitourinary medicine department in London had a much lower prevalence. Malay and Nepali women attending an antenatal clinic in Singapore had a higher prevalence of positive serological results than women attending an antenatal clinic in London. Nepalis, Malays, and black people born in the tropics continue to require serological screening. PMID- 3910542 TI - Criteria for undertaking lumbar puncture in the assessment of syphilis. PMID- 3910541 TI - Unsuccessful treatment of non-gonococcal urethritis with rosoxacin provides information on the aetiology of the disease. AB - In a controlled trial of rosoxacin in patients with non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU), 150 mg of the antibiotic given twice daily for 10 days was compared with 300 mg triple tetracycline (Deteclo) given twice daily for the same period. Only six (19%) of 31 patients treated with rosoxacin were free of urethritis after 10 days; Chlamydia trachomatis was reisolated from 12 (92%) of 13 patients who were chlamydia positive originally, and Ureaplasma urealyticum was reisolated from 12 (80%) of 15 patients who were ureaplasma positive originally. In contrast, 18 (58%) of 31 patients treated with triple tetracycline were cured clinically after 10 days; C trachomatis was not reisolated from any of 10 patients who were chlamydia positive originally, and U urealyticum was reisolated from only three (17%) of 18 patients who were ureaplasma positive originally. These results were consistent with the antimicrobial inactivity of rosoxacin in vitro and they cannot be reconciled with previous reports of successful use of this antibiotic in NGU. Ureaplasmas were isolated more frequently and in larger numbers from chlamydia negative than from chlamydia positive patients, but it is probable that ureaplasmas resistant to tetracycline were not responsible for persistent urethritis. PMID- 3910543 TI - Syphilis in pregnant women in Mozambique. AB - To establish the prevalence of syphilis in pregnant women in Mozambique and evaluate present diagnostic methods, 1468 pregnant women in eight of the country's 10 provinces were examined using the Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) test. Positive serum samples were also analysed using the Treponema pallidum haemagglutination (TPHA) assay and one group was also analysed using the fluorescent treponemal antibody absorbed (FTA-ABS) test. The prevalence of VDRL seroreactivity was found to be between 4.5% and 14.6%, whereas the prevalence of treponemal disease as verified by TPHA or FTA-ABS tests was between 1.6% and 9.8%. It is concluded that syphilis is relatively common among pregnant women in Mozambique. The predictive value of a positive VDRL test, when adequately performed, was PMID- 3910544 TI - Oral amoxycillin, an alternative treatment for neurosyphilis. AB - A serum amoxycillin concentration of 0.11 g/l was established as being treponemicidal in a rabbit model with orchitis. Seventeen patients treated with amoxycillin 2 g by mouth three times a day plus 500 mg probenecid twice a day attained treponemicidal CSF amoxycillin concentrations. Thus amoxycillin by mouth offers an effective alternative method for treating patients with neurosyphilis. PMID- 3910545 TI - Conventional tissue culture compared with rapid immunofluorescence for identifying Chlamydia trachomatis in specimens from patients attending a genitourinary clinic. AB - Specimens collected from 182 patients with histories suggesting chlamydial disease were examined by conventional culture and direct immunofluorescence techniques. Chlamydia trachomatis was identified by both methods in 57% of all patients. There was no significant difference between the two methods in detecting C trachomatis. Where a tissue culture service is not already established, cost analysis in individual departments may justify the use of the immunofluorescence method. PMID- 3910546 TI - Acyclovir prophylaxis of recurrent genital herpes: randomised placebo controlled crossover study. AB - Forty patients were entered into a randomised placebo controlled crossover study to assess the efficacy and safety of oral acyclovir 200 mg four times a day in the prophylaxis of recurrent genital herpes. Each treatment began during a recurrence and continued for a maximum of 84 days or until the onset of the next recurrence, when the alternate medication was started. Of 28 patients who completed both treatment courses, only three developed a recurrence while taking acyclovir compared with 26 while taking placebo. The mean time to first recurrence was more than 84 days in patients receiving acyclovir and 24 days in patients receiving placebo (p less than 0.001). The mean time to first recurrence after treatment with acyclovir ceased was 16 days. Adverse events, though thought unlikely to be related to treatment, necessitated the withdrawal from the study of two patients while taking acyclovir and one patient while taking placebo. No clinically important effects on haematological or biochemical variables occurred during the acyclovir treatment. All viral isolates tested after treatment remained sensitive to acyclovir. Acyclovir prophylaxis of recurrent genital herpes is effective and safe but does not appear to influence the natural history of the disease after cessation of 84 days' continuous treatment. PMID- 3910547 TI - Adhesion of Gardnerella vaginalis to vaginal epithelial cells: variables affecting adhesion and inhibition by metronidazole. AB - Variables affecting the adherence of Gardnerella vaginalis to human vaginal epithelial cells were examined in vitro. Adherence depended on pH, with maximum attachment occurring between pH 5 and pH 6. Preincubation of the bacteria at 56 degrees C for 30 minutes and ultraviolet irradiation resulted in a noticeable decrease in adherence. In contrast, adherence was not altered by preincubating the epithelial cells under these conditions. Periodate oxidation of the vaginal cells caused an appreciable reduction in subsequent adherence of G vaginalis. None of the 19 single carbohydrates tested inhibited adherence completely. Metronidazole at subinhibitory concentrations for G vaginalis, appreciably reduced the adhesive capacity of G vaginalis, whereas subinhibitory concentrations of ampicillin did not. PMID- 3910548 TI - Comparison of econazole and isoconazole as single dose treatment for vaginal candidosis. AB - In a single blind trial there was no significant difference between econazole (2 X 150 mg pessaries) and isoconazole (2 X 300 mg pessaries) given as a once only treatment for vaginal candidosis. Cure rates at 14 days were 70.4% for econazole and 77.6% for isoconazole, and at 28 days were 63.8% and 64.5% respectively. Though isoconazole was formulated for single dose usage, econazole was formulated for a regimen of one pessary a night for three nights. PMID- 3910549 TI - Diabetes--highlights of change. PMID- 3910550 TI - Reminiscence--Poor Law pride. PMID- 3910551 TI - Betel-quid and areca-nut chewing. PMID- 3910552 TI - 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK). PMID- 3910553 TI - Tobacco habits other than smoking. PMID- 3910554 TI - Effect of raised intrapulmonary pressure and oxygen concentration in the inspired air on structure of the respiratory cycle. PMID- 3910555 TI - The popliteal lymph node graft-versus-host (GvH) reaction in the rat: a useful model for studying cell interactions in the immune response? AB - Simonsen (1962), in his comprehensive review article on GvH reactions, rightly emphasized the great applicability this reaction had in immunological research. A broader implication of GvH reactions than was perhaps expected was evident when the complex interactions between the donor cells the host's immune system were detected. In this review article, one aspect of the donor-host cell interactions is discussed. Using the popliteal lymph node GvH reaction as a model, it has been shown that the hyperplastic response in the lymph node is due to an accumulation and proliferation of cells almost exclusively of host origin. B cells are preferentially activated, and although mitogenic factors are released into the circulation during systemic GvH reactions, the interaction between donor TH cells and host B cells is probably of a more specific nature, involving only those B cells expressing MHC antigens to which the donor cells are able to react. This will presumably lead to a panclonal activation of host B cells with antibody production against a wide variety of antigens. Athymic nude rats are often surprisingly resistant to GvH reactions induced by allogeneic T cells, and this resistance can now be satisfactorily explained in terms of natural resistance mechanisms. Sometimes F1 hybrid rats are also resistant to GvH reactions induced by parental cells, indicating that this resistance may be restricted by non codominantly inherited genes. PMID- 3910557 TI - Graft-versus-host disease. PMID- 3910556 TI - Graft-versus-host reactions and disease. PMID- 3910559 TI - Graft-versus-host-reactions: the history that never was, and the way things happened to happen. PMID- 3910558 TI - Graft-versus-host disease in dog and man: the Seattle experience. AB - In dog and in man a marrow graft from a donor genetically identical for the major histocompatibility complex is followed by significant graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) in approximately one-half of the recipients, despite the administration of post-grafting immunosuppressive therapy. Controlled trials comparing post grafting therapy using methotrexate or cyclosporine have shown no difference in long-term survival, although cyclosporine reduces the incidence of mucositis and is associated with somewhat earlier engraftment. Observations in the canine model indicating efficacy of a combination of a brief course of methotrexate with the cyclosporine regimen are now being tested in patients, with early results indicating a reduction in GvHD and an improved survival. In both species, failure to administer immunosuppression after grafting is associated with a high incidence of acute GvHD and an adverse effect on survival. Removal of donor T cells from the marrow inoculum may reduce the incidence of acute GvHD but at the price of a higher likelihood of subsequent graft failure. Studies of canine and human chimeras are in agreement with murine data indicating a principal role for T cells in the pathogenic mechanism of GvHD. Chimera lymphocytes (of donor origin) from dogs and patients with acute GvHD proliferate in response to previously stored host cells, and lymphocytes cytotoxic to host target cells are seen in patients with GvHD. Our observations indicate a direct, rather than an indirect, role for T cells since lymphocytes from donors sensitized to chimeric skin grafts can cause lethal GvHD when infused into stable chimeric recipients. "Specific" suppressor cells may play a role in maintaining stable graft-host tolerance while "nonspecific" suppressor cells may be responsible for the impaired immune defenses in patients with chronic GvHD. Chronic GvHD, which resembles systemic collagen vascular disease, occurs in approximately 40% of matched recipients, particularly following acute GvHD, and is more frequent in older patients. Efforts to treat both acute and chronic GvHD with steroids, antithymocyte globulin, cyclosporine and azathioprine are only partially and unpredictably effective. Data in dogs pointed out the feasibility of transplants from partially matched related donors or matched unrelated donors, an approach that is now being actively pursued in human patients. Marrow transplants from HLA partially matched family members resulted in a higher incidence of acute GvHD.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3910560 TI - Cell wall preparation consisting of group A carbohydrate and peptidoglycan moieties from Streptococcus pyogenes activates murine B lymphocytes. AB - Cell walls from Streptococcus pyogenes strain Sv (Group A, M type 3) were lysed with M1 endo-N-acetylmuramidase, and the group A-specific carbohydrate antigen was purified by Sephadex G-100 gel filtration. The initial eluting antigen (M1gA) peak was assessed for mitogenic and polyclonal lymphocyte-activating properties in murine spleen cell cultures. Good mitogenic responses were induced over a broad dose range (1-100 micrograms) with M1gA in both BALB/c and C3H/HeJ splenic cultures. Similar mitogenic responses were induced in nude (nu/nu) and nu/+ splenic cultures, suggesting that M1gA is a B cell mitogen. The M1gA induced anti trinitrophenyl, anti-sheep erythrocytes, and anti-horse erythrocytes polyclonal plaque-forming cell responses in splenic cell cultures. Studies with purified splenic B cells and M1gA suggest that the mitogenic responses were indeed thymic independent. These studies clearly indicate that native group A carbohydrate antigen is a B cell mitogen and polyclonal B cell activator. PMID- 3910561 TI - [Hyaluronic acid in the process of reparation of cutaneous ulcers. Clinical experience]. PMID- 3910563 TI - [Transient neonatal pustular melanosis]. PMID- 3910562 TI - [Clinical results on the therapeutic activity and tolerance of cyclopyroxolamine in comparison with clotrimazole in 2 homogeneous groups of patients with dermatomycoses]. PMID- 3910564 TI - Recombinant interleukin 2 induces immunoglobulin secretion in Staphylococcus aureus Cowan strain I activated human B-cells. AB - Human B-cells, exhaustively depleted for T-cells, were activated with Staphylococcus aureus Cowan strain I (SAC) and responded to recombinant human interleukin 2 (rIL2) by secretion of immunoglobulin (Ig), as measured by a protein A hemolytic plaque assay. The rIL2, however, had to be present early, since addition later than 24 h after SAC-activation of the B-cells reduced the response to background levels. No clear dose response was observed and Ig secreting cells (ISC) could be induced even with rIL2 at 0.5 U/ml. The monoclonal antibody anti-TAC prevented the rIL2-promoted induction of ISC. Ig production could be induced in SAC-activated cultures with supernatants of Xenopus laevis oocytes injected with sucrose-gradient-fractionated poly(A+) RNA derived from a stimulated human spleen cell culture. This activity coincided with the IL2 mRNA activity and was well separated from the interferon-gamma mRNA activity. Our results suggest that IL2 is not only a B-cell growth factor but also promotes the differentiation of activated human B-cells towards Ig secretion. PMID- 3910565 TI - Oxygen-dependent and oxygen-independent mechanisms of microbicidal activity of neutrophils. AB - The essential role of the phagocyte in host defense against the enormous variety of microbial predators in our environment requires the availability of a "universal" weapon effective against most microbes, or an arsenal of different agents with specificity for different classes and species of microorganisms. Both polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) and mononuclear phagocytes possess, or can produce, a wide range of antimicrobial agents providing these cells with an "overkill" capacity [1] that will usually bypass microbial defenses against a given antimicrobial device of the phagocyte. In this brief review we focus on the PMN because its antimicrobial systems have been analyzed most extensively. However, the killing mechanisms of mononuclear phagocytes and PMN are sufficiently similar to permit the insights gained from the study of the PMN to be applied to all phagocytes, including macrophages. PMID- 3910566 TI - Weight loss associated with an endotoxin-induced mediator from peritoneal macrophages: the role of cachectin (tumor necrosis factor). AB - Endotoxin-induced cells of the reticuloendothelial system were shown to produce mediator(s) that evoke a state of cachexia in recipient animals. The factor(s) responsible were assayed in endotoxin-resistant (C3H/HeJ) mice, which were injected with dialyzed conditioned medium obtained from lipopolysaccharide induced peritoneal macrophages. The mice exhibited weight loss and anorexia, and they died if sufficient quantities of medium were administered. The syndrome was reversible if injections were discontinued. Endotoxin alone did not produce this effect, and no gross pathologic lesions were discernable in the treated animals. In this model system, cachexia appears to result from the action of soluble macromolecules produced by activated macrophages in vitro. Cachectin (murine tumor necrosis factor) is thought to play a central role in this phenomenon. PMID- 3910567 TI - Genetic control of murine listeriosis expressed in the macrophage response. AB - Susceptibility to murine listeriosis is genetically regulated. For example, A/J, C3H, CBA, DBA/1, DBA/2 and 129/J mouse strains are classed as susceptible and demonstrate an early net bacterial growth rate which is significantly higher than that seen in strains classed as resistant, namely, C57BL-derived strains, NZB and SJL. These strain differences in susceptibility are expressed during the phase of natural resistance, as a property of the macrophage response. Genetic analysis in progeny derived from resistant C57BL-derived strains and susceptible A/J or BALB/c strain mice has indicated that a major gene is responsible for determining resistance/susceptibility to listeria. The genetic advantage of the resistant phenotype is attributed to a prompt influx of young (radiosensitive) inflammatory macrophages which control the early bacterial multiplication in infective sites. Such cells reportedly have superior listericidal activity in vitro, as compared to mature macrophages. Mononuclear phagocyte production, emigration and accumulation at infective foci are all increased in resistant C57BL, but not in susceptible A/J mice, shortly following infection. Thus, resistance to listeriosis is associated with an efficient macrophage inflammatory response and, conversely, susceptibility is attributed to a sluggish response. Genetic studies have demonstrated linkage between these two traits (listeria resistance/susceptibility and the macrophage inflammatory response). In all probability, different gene loci are responsible for susceptibility amongst the various mouse strains. In A/J mice, susceptibility is attributed to C5 deficiency (specified by Hc locus) while, for C5-sufficient strains, another genetic defect is presumably responsible.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3910568 TI - T-dependent production and activation of mononuclear phagocytes during murine BCG infection. AB - Mice infected with a high dose of viable Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) intravenously offer an interesting model to study regulatory functions of T cells on hemopoiesis. The proposition that T lymphocytes may play such a regulatory role was tested in nu/nu and two genetically different strains of mice: while the hemopoiesis of C3H/He mice remained unchanged during BCG injection, that of infected C57BL/6 mice was rapidly and transiently modified towards increased production of phagocytes at the expense of the erythroid lineage. The number of BCG-specific T cells present in C57BL/6 bone marrow was 50-100 higher than that determined in C3H/He mice. Moreover, between day 0 and 5 of infection the majority of BCG-specific T cells in C57BL/6 animals were of the L3T4+ Lyt2- surface phenotype. An attempt was made to identify the nature of the T cell product(s) able to activate young bone marrow-derived macrophages to render them non-permissive to growth of BCG. PMID- 3910569 TI - Role of macrophage complement and lectin-like receptors in binding Leishmania parasites to host macrophages. AB - This paper reviews briefly work carried out in our laboratory on the relative roles of the macrophage plasma membrane receptor (CR3) for the cleaved third complement component (iC3b) and the mannosyl/fucosyl receptor (MFR) in binding, ingestion and respiratory burst (RB) response elicited by promastigotes versus amastigotes of Leishmania donovani. In the absence of serum soluble inhibitors (mannan, ribonuclease B) of the MFR cause a dose-dependent reduction in the numbers of promastigotes binding to murine resident peritoneal macrophages and in the proportion of bound parasites eliciting a RB response. For amastigotes no consistent reduction in binding in the presence of mannan is observed but the proportion of parasites eliciting a RB is reduced. Serum-independent binding and ingestion of promastigotes, which are good activators of the alternative complement pathway, is also inhibited by the anti-CR3 monoclonal antibody M1/70, by Fab anti-C3, and by an inhibitor of C3 fixation, sodium salicyl hydroxamate. For amastigotes, which are poor activators of the alternative pathway, a lesser effect is observed with all three inhibitors of CR3-mediated binding. The results obtained with these three independent inhibitors provide strong evidence that cleaved macrophage-derived C3 (iC3b), which can be visualised on the parasite surface in electron microscope sections following addition of anti-C3 antibody and a protein A-gold conjugate, mediates binding to CR3. Modulation experiments in which either CR3 or MFR are rendered inaccessible demonstrate that both receptors must be present on the segment of the macrophage membrane with which the parasite makes contact to mediate binding and ingestion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3910571 TI - Mononuclear and multinuclear macrophages in filarial infections. AB - Filarial infections commonly involve chronic tissue responses to these complex and resiliant organisms. These responses, which occur with a number of the parasitic stages of filariae, involve macrophages, and these cells appear to be important in immunologically induced destruction and removal of these important parasites of man and animals. Details of their presence and experimental induction as well as their distinction into a number of morphological types, including multinuclear (giant cell) forms, is described in this communication. The ability of these various forms to function in phagocytic and immunologically mediated adherence assays is also described. PMID- 3910570 TI - Macrophages as effector cells in immunity to malaria. AB - Experiments with malaria in mice suggest that protective immunity depends not only on antibody but also on activation of macrophages. Activated macrophages may cause intra-erythrocytic death of parasites by releasing reactive oxygen intermediates and/or tumour necrosis factor. Macrophage activation for both types of product correlates well with the timing of recovery in a range of different malaria infections and in mice protected by vaccination. PMID- 3910572 TI - Malaria in India: past, present and future. PMID- 3910573 TI - Profile of malaria in Madras. PMID- 3910574 TI - Distribution of species of human malarial parasites in India. PMID- 3910575 TI - Immunology of malaria. PMID- 3910576 TI - Treatment of malaria. PMID- 3910577 TI - Chloroquine resistant P. falciparum malaria and its management. PMID- 3910578 TI - Effect of nutritional status on total parasite count in malaria. PMID- 3910579 TI - Studies on the etiologic agents of infantile diarrhea in Riyadh. PMID- 3910580 TI - Thrombocytopenia and other hematological complications in children with malaria. PMID- 3910581 TI - Isoniazid: epidemiological evidence. PMID- 3910582 TI - Compartment pressure following leg injury: the effect of diuretic treatment. AB - Acute ischaemia in the tibial compartments is a recognized complication of fractures, vascular injury, vascular surgery, crush injuries and burns. The tissue pressure was measured in the first week after injury and the effect of diuretics has been evaluated in a double-blind randomized manner. The pressure in the anterior tibial compartment was measured in the first week after injury in a double-blind randomized manner in 40 patients who had sustained either accidental or surgical injury of the leg. The pressure in the group treated with placebos increased by 20 per cent in the first 24 hours, whereas the pressure fell by 25 per cent in those treated with diuretics. Diuretic treatment is recommended for patients with injury of the lower limbs. PMID- 3910583 TI - Preanesthetic considerations in pediatric anesthesia. PMID- 3910584 TI - Anesthesia for major craniofacial operations. PMID- 3910585 TI - Scoliosis and anesthesia. PMID- 3910586 TI - Anesthesia for organ transplantation in children. PMID- 3910587 TI - Pitfalls in the use of anesthetic agents in children. PMID- 3910588 TI - Tracheostomy tubes and attachments in infants and children. PMID- 3910589 TI - Anesthesia for airway surgery. PMID- 3910590 TI - Radioimmunoassay of Pinellia ternata lectin. AB - Radioimmunoassay of Pinellia ternata lectin (PTL) in rabbit serum and in root extract has been tried. The PTL was labelled with 125I using chloramine-T, and the labelled product was purified by gel chromatography. Standard suppression lines were obtained and the parallelism in serum or buffer was demonstrated. The assay time was 48 h with an intra- and inter-assay coefficient of variation of less than 12%. The PTL content in dried Pinellia ternata roots was about 28 +/- 3 mg/g. More than 40% of the i.v. injected PTL to rabbits was retained in serum at 1 h post administration. PMID- 3910591 TI - Membrane biocompatibility: clinical significance and therapeutic implications. PMID- 3910592 TI - Eruptive lesions and malignancy. PMID- 3910593 TI - Erythema dyschromicum perstans. PMID- 3910594 TI - Pruritus. PMID- 3910595 TI - HLA and beta 2-microglobulin expression in basal and squamous cell carcinomas of the skin. AB - Histologic sections of seven squamous cell carcinomas (SCC), 13 basal cell carcinomas (BCC), and a Bowenoid actinic keratoses were examined for expression of HLA class 1 antigens (HLA-ABC) using a monoclonal antibody and an immunoperoxidase technique. Expression of beta 2-microglobulin was examined with a polyclonal antibody method. Neither cell marker was detected within the Bowenoid actinic keratoses. Squamous cell carcinomas and basal cell carcinomas exhibited decreased expression of both HLA-ABC and beta 2-microglobulin and often did not express these antigens at all. HLA-ABC was present in only two of 13 basal cell carcinomas and four of seven squamous cell carcinomas. beta 2 microglobulin was present in one of 13 basal cell carcinomas and two of seven squamous cell carcinomas. When present, these antigens often were present in a few areas of the tumor, but absent in others. In both SCC and BCC, both antigens were usually lost simultaneously. In all tumors with beta 2-microglobulin, HLA ABC also was retained. There was no apparent relationship of anatomic site or type of tumor with retention of surface antigens. Since some tumors or portions of tumors retained HLA-ABC and beta 2-microglobulin on their surfaces, the absence of these antigens is not an absolute marker for malignancy. PMID- 3910596 TI - Epidemiological approaches to understanding the pathogenesis of rheumatic fever. AB - Thus, in 1985, over four decades after discovery of the first important clue towards understanding the pathogenesis of rheumatic fever, medical science still has not defined the mechanism(s). Objective evaluation of available data from around the world indicates that penicillin alone will not lead to effective control. Furthermore, in geographical areas where streptococcal infections, rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease are most prevalent, it seems unlikely that standards of living will rise quickly enough to impact on the incidence of this disease during the next several decades. There is renewed worldwide interest in and emphasis on the implementation of rheumatic fever control programmes. The World Health Organization (WHO), in collaboration with the International Society and Federation of Cardiology (ISFC), is promoting a strategy to develop national programmes for the prevention of rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease. In 1984-5, designated by the ISFC as the Year of the Rheumatic Child, the WHO Cardiovascular Disease Unit initiated plans to collaborate with 15 developing countries in the development and implementation of rheumatic fever control programmes. Because of the inescapable conclusion that control methods are most efficiently applied when pathogenetic mechanisms are understood, additional epidemiological data should be collected to assist both basic scientists and clinicians in understanding more about this unique disease. PMID- 3910597 TI - New vaccines. PMID- 3910598 TI - Infant mortality in Guatemala: an epidemiological perspective. AB - Infant mortality is a major health problem in Guatemala where it accounts for for 25% of all registered deaths or 75 deaths for every 1000 livebirths. Infection and malnutrition are the main causes of infant death. Risk factors for death during infancy include low birthweight, high birth order, Indian race, rural residence, and lack of maternal education, with wide differences in risk among population subgroups. Intervention studies have shown that a simplified medical system relying on local personnel with limited training, combined with nutritional supplements for mothers and infants at high risk, can substantially reduce infant mortality at a reasonable cost. Lessons learned from Guatemala can be applied to much of the developing world. PMID- 3910600 TI - Cases reported at the FAN club meeting, Bonn, November 1984. Case 2. Acute posterior scleritis. PMID- 3910599 TI - Familial aggregation of IgG antibody response to antigens associated with farmer's lung. AB - The levels of circulating IgG antibodies to Aspergillus umbrosus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Thermoactinomyces vulgaris, and Micropolyspora faeni were determined by enzyme immunoassay in 197 subjects selected for a study of farmer's lung (FL). The material consisted of five study groups: 37 patients with clinically confirmed FL, 31 spouses of the patients, 44 immediate relatives of the patients, 35 immediate relatives of the patients' spouses, and 50 unrelated people who were spouses of the 79 people in both relative groups. The mean titres of IgG antibodies to all four microbes were highest in patients with clinically established FL. In the other groups the mean titre of Aspergillus umbrosus, a mould found much more frequently in Finnish farm environments than other moulds under study, was significantly higher (p less than 0.01) in the relatives of FL patients than in other people. This finding remained irrespective of whether the subjects had suffered from FL symptoms or not or whether they worked or lived on the same farm as the patient or on a different one. The difference in the mean titre was not due to the differences between the study groups in age, sex, smoking habits, atopic background, frequency of handling of plant materials, or time interval from the most recent handling of visibly mouldy hay. The results imply that genetic factors may be important in the IgG antibody response to microbial antigens associated with FL. PMID- 3910601 TI - Simultaneous assessment of red cell perfusion in skeletal muscle by laser Doppler flowmetry and video microscopy. AB - The objective of this study was to compare temporal and spatial variations of the laser Doppler flowmeter output (V) with the corresponding variations of perfusion (cells/mm3 X mm/s) evaluated by video microscopy. The flowmetry and video microscopy sampled 2 mm3 (approx.) and 0.84 mm3 surface volumes of the sartorius muscle in anesthetized frogs, respectively. The overall ranges of the output and perfusion measurements were from 0.01 to 0.72 V and from 45 to 1404 cells/mm3 X mm/s. Within these ranges, temporal variations induced by muscle contraction correlated well (overall r = 0.91), but the spatial variations associated with the resting state correlated poorly (overall r = 0.45). When the penetration of the laser light was limited to 0.3-0.4 mm (to make the volumes sampled by both techniques more comparable) the overall r of the spatial comparison increased to 0.86. It is concluded that the flowmeter (1) is affected by red cell perfusion below the tissue depth of 0.3-0.4 mm, and (2) can follow both the temporal and spatial variations of red cell perfusion in the tissue examined. PMID- 3910602 TI - The nature of the site of general anesthesia. PMID- 3910603 TI - Simple management of difficult vesicovaginal fistulae by the anterior transvesical approach. AB - A simple method of repairing vesicovaginal fistulae through an anterior transvesical approach is described. The process involves a minimal dissection and mobilization of the mucous membrane of the bladder in order to preserve the blood supply for the area of the fistula. Twenty-nine patients referred to one Urology Unit have been treated in this way over the past 10 years with a success rate of 86% after the first operative attempt. PMID- 3910604 TI - Randomized comparative trial with ceftizoxime and cefotaxime in urinary tract infections. AB - Ceftizoxime, a new, semisynthetic, beta-lactamase-resistant cephalosporin, is not metabolized in man and is excreted almost entirely as the original active compound in the urine. The efficacy and safety of ceftizoxime were assessed in 80 patients with acute and chronic urinary infections, with and without associated pathological conditions, in comparison with cefotaxime. Two dosage schedules, 1 g or 0.5 g every 12 h, i.v. or i.m. for 10 days, were adopted according to the severity of each case and to separate randomization tables for each schedule; causal agents were all sensitive to both drugs in vitro. The overall results were excellent. Safety was excellent in almost all cases. In this trial ceftizoxime proved at least as effective and well tolerated as the reference antibiotic. PMID- 3910605 TI - Diagnostic accuracy of lymphangiography in the demonstration of histologically verified retroperitoneal lymph node metastases of testicular tumours. AB - Bipedal lymphangiography was performed in 101 cases of testicular tumour for the detection of retroperitoneal lymph node deposits. The lymphangiograms of 51 patients have been checked against the results of microscopic study of lymphadenectomy specimens. The radiogram was false-positive in 3, false-negative in 7 cases. The lymphangiographic diagnosis was accurate in 81 per cent of the cases. The other diagnostic possibilities--computerized tomography, ultrasonography, isotope lymphangiography--are also discussed. The main advantage of bipedal lymphangiography is to provide information on the structures of the lymph nodes and on the lymphatic channels as well. Combination of several diagnostic methods provides for a high accuracy of staging. PMID- 3910606 TI - [What is safe in the therapy of osteoporosis?]. PMID- 3910607 TI - [Procedures for measuring serum amylase activity]. PMID- 3910609 TI - Comparative cytotoxicity between cisplatin and second generation platinum analogs. AB - The cytotoxic activity of cis-DDP and four second generation platinum coordination complexes (TNO-6; JM-82; JM-8; and JM-9) was compared on six established human colon carcinoma cell lines with different degrees of differentiation. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by the inhibition of colony formation technique. Cis-DDP was uniformily active against all lines. JM-8 and JM-9 were virtually ineffective for all cell lines, even at concentrations as high as 50 micrograms/ml. JM-82 was slightly more active although (with the exception of LoVo cells) still about 10-fold less efficacious than cis-DDP. TNO-6 was the only derivative with appreciable cytotoxic activity although about 2 to 5-fold less than cis-DDP for lines SW48, 620, 480, and 1116. For LoVo and SW403, TNO-6 was slightly more active than cis-DDP. In both such instances, increased efficacy resulted from abrogation of the shoulder region of the survival curve while the slope remained essentially intact. Thus any enhancement in therapeutic efficacy with these second generation analogues can only be expected from possible decreases in toxic effects but not from superior tumor cell kill activity. PMID- 3910608 TI - [45-year-old patient with extensive distally accentuated polyneuropathy and roentgenologic changes in the left ischium]. PMID- 3910611 TI - Post-transfusion purpura: a brief review. PMID- 3910612 TI - A non-Aryan doctor in Nazi Germany in the thirties. PMID- 3910610 TI - Echinomycin: the first bifunctional intercalating agent in clinical trials. AB - Echinomycin is a quinoxaline antibiotic that was originally isolated from Streptomyces echinatus. Based on its antitumor activity against two i.p. implanted murine tumors, the B16 melanoma, and the P388 leukemia, it was brought into clinical trials by the National Cancer Institute. Recent studies on its cytotoxic action have related its antitumor activity with its ability to bifunctionally intercalate with double stranded DNA. Toxicologic studies were carried out in CDF1 mice and beagle dogs using intravenous injections. For the mice studies the dose ranges were 288-692 mcg/kg (864-2076 mcg/m2) by single bolus, and 112-254 mcg/kg/day (336-762 mcg/m2/day) for five consecutive days. In the dog, dose ranges studied were 8.9-89.4 mcg/kg (178-1788 mcg/m2) by single bolus, and 3.4-33.5 mcg/kg/day (68-670 mcg/m2/day) for five consecutive days. The major toxic effects were found in the gastrointestinal, hepatic, and lymphoreticular systems. These were reversible at all but the highest dose, in dogs that had been treated for five consecutive days. Phase I clinical trials using various intravenous schedules were sponsored by the National Cancer Institute. Nausea, vomiting, reversible liver enzyme abnormalities, and allergic reactions were the most common toxicities encountered. Based on results from these studies, the National Cancer Institute has recently begun phase II trials in a broad range of diseases. These trials will further characterize echinomycin's toxic effects and its antitumor activity. PMID- 3910613 TI - Atherosclerosis of the microcirculation in the femoral head: based on a study by optical and electron microscopy of femoral heads removed at operation. AB - The authors studied 56 femoral heads removed at operation, using dissection stereoscopic microscopy and electron microscopy. They were able to demonstrate atherosclerotic lesions involving the microcirculation in the femoral head. Atheromatous changes in the external iliac and profunda femoris arteries have already been documented, but similar changes in the small vessels within the femoral head have not previously been noted in the literature. PMID- 3910614 TI - [Sero- and immunodiagnosis in parapoxvirus infections in the human. Milker's nodes, ecthyma contagiosum contact infection]. AB - The currently available methods for the serological and immunological diagnosis of human parapoxvirus infection (milker's nodule, farmyard pox) are demonstrated by the case of a man infected by contact with sheep carrying ecthyma contagiosum lesions. Compared to virus identification by electron microscopy, cell culture and animal experiments, identification of viral antigen in skin biopsies is equally sensitive during the first 2 weeks of the disease, whereas it is far more sensitive afterwards. The diagnosis of a parapoxvirus infection may be confirmed, even after skin lesions have healed, by assays for agglutinating, complement fixing, neutralizing and flocculating antibodies in patients' serum, the most sensitive method currently used being immunofluorescence and enzyme assays (ELISA). Additionally, antibodies on cell surfaces, which are regularly found in parapoxvirus infection, may be used to confirm the diagnosis by testing recall antigens. By means of serological assays used for routine purposes as well as by negative staining, the genus parapoxvirus can be identified, but not the species. Cross immunity between orthopoxvirus and parapoxvirus do not occur. The three species of the genus of parapoxvirus may be differentiated by DNA-hybridization techniques or by surface structure analysis using immunoelectron microscopy. According to clinical, histological, serological and electron microscopical features, the diseases caused by the three parapoxvirus species are identical in humans. The clinical entity in humans should be called farmyard pox regardless of the species of virus isolated. PMID- 3910615 TI - The extent of physician participation in Medicaid: a comparison of physician estimates and aggregated patient records. AB - This article compares two measures of the extent of physician participation in Medicaid programs. The first, which has been used in most research to date on the subject, is based on physician estimates of the proportion of their patients who are Medicaid patients. The second derives from encounter forms for a sample of visits to the interviewed physicians. The comparison shows that physicians in the sample tended to overestimate by 40 percent the extent of their Medicaid participation. Because the two measures are highly correlated, the analysis of the determinants of Medicaid participation was not affected by the measure used. However, since physicians tended to overstate the proportion of Medicaid patients in their practices, interview data should not be used to measure the amount of physician participation or to calculate elasticities for the effects of policy changes on the extent of participation. PMID- 3910616 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of thalassemia and of the hemoglobinopathies; a review. AB - Prenatal diagnosis of thalassemia and of the hemoglobinopathies is now accepted as an effective measure to reduce the impact of these diseases in populations where they occur in high frequencies. The procedure has been carried out on more than 5,000 cases over the past decade. Evaluation of the results shows a significant decrease of the yearly number of affected newborns and reflects a considerable gain in economic and medical resources. Methodology has improved over the years so as to make the procedure safer, faster, and less expensive. Among recent advances, gene mapping on trophoblast DNA (as early as the 9th week of pregnancy) represents a major step which will gradually replace conventional procedures (performed during the 18-20th week of pregnancy) in concerned laboratories. PMID- 3910617 TI - A boy with acromesomelic dysplasia. Growth course and growth hormone release. AB - A 2 6/12-year-old boy is reported with the typical clinical and radiological features of acromesomelic dysplasia. This rare skeletal dysplasia is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait, and differential diagnosis is to be made with pseudoachondroplasia and acrodysostosis. Endocrine investigations were performed, and their results are found to be normal. Longitudinal growth reveals a very early slowing down of growth velocity. PMID- 3910618 TI - Orbital metastasis with enophthalmos: a review of the literature. PMID- 3910619 TI - Immunocytologic methods in the diagnosis of orbital tumors. PMID- 3910620 TI - Hereditary sclerocornea. PMID- 3910621 TI - The pseudo-leukocyte-specific/nuclear membrane antinuclear antibody pattern: a puzzle. PMID- 3910622 TI - Immuno gold staining (IGS) for electron microscopical demonstration of glial fibrillary acidic (GFA) protein in LR white embedded tissue. AB - Post-embedding immunocytochemical staining methods using gold have so far failed to label intermediate filament antigens in situ in epon or araldite embedded tissue. We have now applied the post-embedding immuno gold staining (IGS) technique for LR White embedded tissue. Glial fibrillary acidic (GFA) protein immunoreactivity was clearly demonstrated electron microscopically on astrocytic filaments of rat cerebellum in situ. PMID- 3910623 TI - Ultrastructural localization of Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein (THP) in rat kidney as revealed by protein A-gold immunocytochemistry. AB - The present study describes the intracellular distribution of Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP) in rat kidney. The localization was determined by immunoelectron microscopy using the protein A-gold technique. Various fixation and embedding protocols were evaluated for this purpose. Brief perfusion fixation (3 min) with 1% glutaraldehyde and embedding in a highly hydrophilic glycol methacrylate polyester mixture were most appropriate for antigen-antibody recognition and structural preservation. The overall tissue distribution of THP was evaluated by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy; reaction was strong along the entire thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle (TAL) with enhanced fluorescence in the apical cytoplasm. On the electron microscopic level immunogold labelling was concentrated over numerous membrane-bound vesicles which form a compartment in the apical cytoplasm. The Golgi region was consistently labelled, whereas the plasma membranes revealed only sporadic labelling at the luminal side, and basolateral membranes were mostly unlabelled. Quantitative evaluation of the gold labelling, which was separately done for the inner stripe, outer stripe and cortical TAL, consistently showed the highest particle density in the apical cytoplasm. Middle and basal levels in the TAL cells were only moderately labelled. The results are discussed with respect to the current opinion which describes THP as a membrane glycoprotein. We speculate that the accumulation of THP in the apical vesicular compartment of TAL cells indicates a storage site of the protein, possibly prior to extrusion via exocytosis of the vesicle contents. PMID- 3910624 TI - [Ultrasound diagnosis of the paranasal sinuses]. AB - Ultrasound diagnosis of the nasal accessory sinuses is an easy and rapid technique without side-effects for the patients. Basic techniques are demonstrated allowing examination of the maxillary and frontal sinuses. Furthermore, functional approaches are reported which in some cases can produce better results than radiography. PMID- 3910625 TI - [Septum deviation and concomitant sinusitis]. AB - It is generally assumed that there is a relation between nasal obstruction due to deformities of the nasal septum and disease of the paranasal sinuses. We investigated patients with septal deviation and rhinomanometrically determined nasal obstruction and checked the sinuses before septal surgery by radiography, ultrasonography, and endoscopy. The results of our investigation on 150 unselected patients during 1983 support the hypothesis. We found that non invasive diagnostic methods, i.e. radiography and ultrasound were sufficiently reliable. Furthermore we found that more men are afflicted with deformities of the nasal septum than women. Nearly half of the number of patients needed therapy for the paranasal sinuses. Therefore preoperative diagnosis of sinusitis is essential before nasal septum surgery. PMID- 3910626 TI - Cryptosporidiosis. PMID- 3910627 TI - Cardiovascular infections in dogs: epizootiology, clinical manifestations, and prognosis. AB - Bacteremia in dogs was found to be more prevalent than suspected and Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and beta-hemolytic streptococci were the most commonly isolated microbes. Administration of glucocorticoids was the most common predisposing cause of infections. Subacute and chronic bacteremia often followed integumentary infections such as abscesses, cellulitis, and infected wounds and was usually the result of gram-positive microbes. Peracute and acute bacteremia was associated with internal infections and was usually the result of E coli. Many dogs with bacteremia had unusual or multisystemic signs similar to those observed with immune-mediated diseases. Hypotension, tachycardia, and weakness were features of gram-negative bacteremia, whereas gram-positive bacteremia had more chronic signs and tended to develop into diskospondylitis. The adequacy of treatment, type of bacteremia, source of infection, and delay before treatment influenced the course of illness. Cephalosporins and gentamicin were most effective against all types of bacteremia. PMID- 3910628 TI - Limb salvage in a dog with chondrosarcoma of the tibia. AB - Limb salvage was accomplished by using a frozen allograft bone and arthrodesis of the stifle joint in a 5-year-old male German Shepherd Dog with a chondrosarcoma in the proximal tibia. At 17 months after surgery, limb function was satisfactory, and thoracic radiography did not reveal evidence of pulmonary metastases. PMID- 3910629 TI - Canine hip dysplasia: concepts and diagnosis. PMID- 3910630 TI - Immunoelectron microscopic and immunofluorescent localization of cytoskeletal and muscle-like contractile proteins in inner ear sensory hair cells. AB - The distribution of actin, alpha-actinin, fimbrin, tropomyosin and tubulin in the apical region of inner and outer hair cells was studied by immunofluorescent localization of antibodies to these proteins. The macromolecular distribution of actin and alpha-actinin was studied using post-embedding immunoelectron microscopic techniques. Actin is present in the stereocilia and cuticular plate of both inner and outer hair cells. Antibodies to actin were localized with fluorescence and colloidal gold. Colloidal gold particles were distributed uniformly over the stereocilia, stereocilia rootlets and cuticular plate. Fimbrin is present in the stereocilia and the cuticular plate. Immunofluorescent label was more intense over the cuticular plate of outer hair cells than over the cuticular plate of inner hair cells. Alpha-actinin is present in the cuticular plate only. At the ultrastructural level, antibodies to alpha-actinin were labeled throughout the cuticular plate, with larger accumulations of colloidal gold over the electron dense bodies in the cuticular plate, as well as over the electron dense region at the junctional complex. There was no label over the electron dense portion of the stereocilia rootlets. Tropomyosin is observed in the area of the stereocilia rootlets by immunofluorescent techniques, but like fimbrin, the antigenic sites of tropomyosin did not withstand processing for ultrastructural localization. Tubulin is not present in the apical region of inner or outer hair cells, although its presence could be documented in the hair cell body and in the supporting cells. PMID- 3910631 TI - Quisqualate excites spiral ganglion neurons of the guinea pig. AB - The effects of quisqualate on primary afferent auditory neurons were examined by comparing the unit activity of guinea pig spiral ganglion neurons before, during, and after the infusion of artificial perilymph containing 1 mM quisqualate into the basal turn scala tympani. In 10 of 13 preparations quisqualate infusion increased unit activity above baseline rates established prior to infusion while control infusions of quisqualate-free artificial perilymph had no appreciable influence on the unit activity of four preparations. Postexcitatory depression typically followed peak evoked excitation, but no purely inhibitory responses were observed. Postexcitatory depression developed into a temporary cessation of spike production in three cases, suggesting depolarization blockade had developed; however, all of these preparations gradually regained some degree of spontaneous unit activity following the termination of quisqualate infusion. Quisqualate-induced excitation may be attributable to the activation of receptors for the afferent neurotransmitter released by hair cells. This interpretation is consistent with our working hypothesis that the primary afferent neurotransmitter is L-glutamate or a structural analog of this excitatory amino acid. PMID- 3910632 TI - Growth, carcass composition and selected hormone concentrations of restricted-and ad libitum-fed pigs. AB - Two barrows and two gilts were selected from each of five different crossbred litters and allotted to either ad libitum- or restricted-fed treatments. Pigs fed at a level of 81% ad libitum intake grew slower (P less than .05), had less tenth rib backfat (P less than .05), more percent muscle (P less than .05), an increased growth hormone (GH) secretion in response to glucose challenge at 50 kg (P less than .05) and decreased insulin secretion in response to glucose challenge at 50 and 100 kg (P less than .05) than ad libitum fed pigs. Hormone secretion response was also significantly affected by weight, with growth hormone decreasing and insulin increasing as pigs grew from 50 to 100 kg. No sex effects of sex X treatment interactions were found for hormone response (P greater than .10). There were no differences between treatments in feed efficiency, total feed intake on test, loin eye area, dressing percentage, or carcass length (P greater than .10). Carcass composition of barrows and gilts was affected differently by restricted nutrient intake. PMID- 3910633 TI - Preparation of simulated clinical material for bacteriological examination. AB - The preparation of mixtures of bacteria to mimic the flora found in pathological material is described. Such mixtures are useful for teaching, for practical examinations, for quality control of media and methods and for use in quality assessment schemes. The design of suitable mixtures is discussed and the stabilities of mixtures in transport media and in freeze-dried preparations are compared. Transport media provide short term storage for periods of several weeks and, with various modifications, are moderately successful with some, but not all, quite delicate pathogens. Freeze-drying however, provides greater stability over periods of months, allows preservation of delicate pathogens and is the preferred method where specimen quality is important. PMID- 3910634 TI - Improvements in the microtitre GM1 ganglioside enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin. AB - A variant of the microtitre GM1-ELISA for Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin was studied. The test was improved by both reducing the assay time from 2 1/2 d to 8 h and by determining the most appropriate GM1 coating concentration. Coating the plates with greater than or equal to 3 micrograms of GM1/ml yielded a maximal sensitivity and ensured a linear relationship between the enterotoxin concentration and the extinction observed when using the final assay-procedure. Thus an optimal accuracy was obtained. This ELISA was 4- to 8 times more sensitive than the Vero cell monolayer assay. The sensitivity of this ELISA and of the chinese hamster ovary cell monolayer assay were identical. PMID- 3910635 TI - Standardization of salt aggregation test for reproducible determination of cell surface hydrophobicity with special reference to Staphylococcus species. AB - The laboratory conditions for reproducible routine determination of staphylococcal cell-surface hydrophobicity by the salt aggregation test were standardized. Fresh bacterial suspensions standardized to 5 x 10(9) cfu/ml gave the most reproducible results with both Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase negative staphylococci. For relatively hydrophobic strains a 5-min reading time was necessary to detect bacterial aggregation in ammonium sulphate solutions ranging from 0.1 M to 1.5 M, pH 6.8. A x 10 hand lens facilitated reading aggregations. Overnight storage of bacterial suspensions at 20 degrees C reduced cell-surface hydrophobicity of all species, while storage at 4 degrees C reduced the hydrophobic nature of Staph. aureus strains. The hydrophobicity of coagulase negative staphylococci rarely changed at 4 degrees C. A 10-fold dilution of fresh, standardized bacterial suspensions made it impossible to detect bacterial aggregation in ammonium sulphate solutions even with a hand lens. Under standardized conditions three types of staphylococcal cell aggregations were observed. The first looked like the slide agglutination for O antigens of Enterobacteriaceae, the second resembled H-agglutination, while the third had a filamentous appearance. These patterns indicated that more than one component might contribute to cell-surface hydrophobicity of both Staph. aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci, or the same component might have different position on the cell surface. PMID- 3910636 TI - Monolayer culture of pancreatic islets from the Syrian hamster. AB - Pancreatic islets of Langerhans of the Syrian hamster were maintained in culture for as long as 43 wk. Islets were prepared by collagenase/hyaluronidase digestion of minced pancreas. The islets quickly attached to the plastic culture flasks and lost their spherical form as they flattened out to form circular monolayers. Few fibroblastoid cells were observed. As outward migration continued, the islets became vacuolated with the ultimate formation of monolayer rings. Throughout the culture period the beta cells continued to synthesize and secrete insulin. Furthermore, the cells maintained a responsiveness to glucose stimulation with increased rates of hormone secretion in the presence of elevated concentrations of the sugar. These studies demonstrate the suitability of Syrian hamster islets for studies involving long-term culture. PMID- 3910637 TI - Regulation of hormone biosynthesis in cultured islet cells from anglerfish. AB - The effects of glucose and arginine on islet hormone biosynthesis were investigated using primary cell cultures prepared from islets of the anglerfish (Lophius americanus). After dispersion under sterile conditions, islet cells were maintained at 23 degrees C in medium containing RPMI 1640 with Hanks' buffer, pH 7.5, modified by the adjustment of glucose (to 0.56 or 5.6 mM) and arginine (to 0.1, 1.15, or 10 mM) with the addition of 10% fetal bovine serum (dialyzed, heat inactivated) and penicillin/streptomycin. After 48 h, media were replaced by incorporation media containing [14C]isoleucine and [3H]tryptophan and incubated for an additional 8 h under otherwise identical conditions. Culture samples (cells plus media) were extracted, desalted, and gel filtered to identify and quantitate [14C]insulin, [3H]glucagon(s) plus [3H]somatostatin-28, and [3H]somatostatin-14. In some experiments, [14C]insulin, [3H]glucagon(s), [3H]somatostatin-28, and [3H]somatostatin-14 were separated by high performance liquid chromatography. Raising the medium glucose from 0.56 (control) to 5.6 mM resulted in an augmentation in incorporation of [14C]isoleucine into insulin and an augmentation of [3H]tryptophan into glucagon(s) and somatostatin-14, but no change in incorporation of [3H]tryptophan into somatostatin-28. Raising the concentration of arginine from 0.1 to 1.15 or 10 mM resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of labeled amino acid incorporation into all hormones except somatostatin-28. The results demonstrate the usefulness of the culture system for studying the modulation of hormone biosynthesis in anglerfish islet cells. PMID- 3910638 TI - Immunocytochemical localization of laminin in rat anterior pituitary cells in vivo and in vitro. AB - The distribution of laminin was investigated by immunocytochemistry in the rat anterior pituitary in vivo and in primary culture. It was localized by immunofluorescence and by immunoperoxidase in the basement membranes of the pituitary in vivo. In addition it was also found inside glandular cells both in vivo and in culture. The number of immunoreactive cells greatly varied depending on the technical approach used. It was always higher in primary cultures than in vivo. At the electron microscope level, a staining was observed on secretory granules, on rough endoplasmic reticulum cisternae as well as on the membrane of some Golgi saccules and vesicles. Such a localization, at the level of subcellular sites involved in the secretory process, suggests that these cells are able to synthesize and to export in vivo as well as in vitro this component of their basement membranes. PMID- 3910640 TI - Computed tomography of a renal hydatid cyst. PMID- 3910639 TI - Purge and trap method for determination of ethylene dibromide in whole grains, milled grain products, intermediate grain-based foods, and animal feeds. AB - An improved method has been developed for the determination of ethylene dibromide (EDB; 1,2-dibromoethane) in whole grains, milled grain products, intermediate grain-based foods, and animal feeds. Samples are mixed with water and sparged with nitrogen for 1 h with stirring in a water bath at 100 degrees C. The EDB collected on the adsorbent Tenax TA is eluted with hexane and determined by gas chromatography (GC) with electron capture detection (ECD) and confirmed with Hall electrolytic conductivity detection (HECD) using a second GC column. The highest levels of EDB were also confirmed by full scan GC/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). A total of 24 whole grains, milled grain products, intermediate grain-based foods, and animal feeds analyzed by using this method contained EDB levels up to 840 ppb (wheat). Recoveries from fortified samples ranged from 90 to 105%. Values from this method were compared with those obtained from the acetone soak method; for all 24 samples, this purge and trap method gave equivalent or superior recoveries and detected levels of EDB. Chromatograms for this purge and trap method were clean, enabling a quantitation level of 0.5 ppb to be achieved. PMID- 3910641 TI - [An unusual abdominal abscess--a case report]. PMID- 3910642 TI - Purification and subunit structure of recBC DNase from Escherichia coli harboring a recB and recC genes-inserted plasmid. AB - recBC DNase of Escherichia coli has been purified from the transformant, HB101/pFS11-04 (recB+ recC+), by successive ammonium sulfate fractionation, DEAE cellulose chromatography, Sephadex G-150 gel filtration, hydroxyapatite chromatography, DNA cellulose affinity chromatography, and second DEAE-cellulose chromatography. The purified enzyme was obtained in an overall yield of 3%. The enzyme protein appeared as a single pure component on native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The purified enzyme was analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and two-dimensional electrophoresis. The results show that recBC DNase consists of two nonidentical subunits with molecular weights of 125,000 and 135,000, and isoelectric points of 5.6 and 5.7, respectively. PMID- 3910643 TI - Purification and characterization of a coagulant enzyme from Trimeresurus flavoviridis venom. AB - An enzyme bearing thrombin-like specificity has been purified to homogeneity from the venom of Trimeresurus flavoviridis (the Habu snake). The enzyme is a monomer with a molecular weight of 23,500 as determined by analytical gel filtration and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The protein contains approximately 210 amino acid residues and has a relatively high content of aspartic acid and glutamic acid. The isoelectric point was 4.8 and the extinction coefficient at 280 nm for a 1% solution was 11.5. The enzyme acted directly on fibrinogen to form a fibrin clot with 2.0 NIH units. Analysis by high performance liquid chromatography of enzyme-treated fibrinogen revealed the release of a peptide identical in composition to thrombin-induced fibrinopeptide A, but no peptide corresponding to fibrinopeptide B was detected. The enzyme showed esterase and amidase activities on synthetic substrates containing arginine. The enzyme exhibited higher activity toward tosyl-L-arginine methyl ester (TAME) but 6-times lower activity toward benzoyl-L-arginine p-nitroanilide when compared with bovin thrombin. The esterase activity was inhibited by diisopropylfluorophosphate and at a slower rate by phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride, but was least affected by tosyl-L-lysine chloromethyl ketone, showing that the enzyme is a serine protease like thrombin. The enzyme showed a bell shaped pH dependence of kcat/Km for hydrolysis of TAME, with a maximum around pH 8.5. PMID- 3910644 TI - Import and processing of the precursor of cytochrome P-450(SCC) by bovine adrenal cortex mitochondria. AB - Isolated bovine adrenal cortex mitochondria imported in vitro synthesized pre-P 450(SCC) and processed it to the mature form. Partial radio-sequencing of the processed P-450(SCC) gave a result identical with that for authentic P-450(SCC). Rat liver mitochondria also imported pre-P-450(SCC) and processed it to the mature form, whereas bovine heart mitochondria were unable to import and process pre-P-450(SCC) although both mitochondrial preparations imported and processed pre-adrenodoxin. The pre-P-450(SCC) processing activity of bovine adrenal cortex mitochondria was associated with the matrix side surface of the inner membrane. The processing protease could be solubilized by sodium cholate and partially purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation. The partially purified processing protease cleaved pre-P-450(SCC) at the correct position. It was also active in processing pre-P-450(11 beta) but inactive toward pre-adrenodoxin. Bovine heart mitochondria lacked the processing activity to pre-P-450(SCC). The localization of pre-P-450(SCC) and mature P-450(SCC) in bovine adrenal cortex mitochondria was examined. Mature P-450(SCC) processed by the mitochondria was found associated with the matrix-side surface of the inner membrane, which is the correct location of P-450(SCC) in the cell. In the presence of o-phenanthroline, pre-P-450(SCC) was imported into the organelles without being processed and remained soluble in the matrix. The incorporation of newly processed mature P-450(SCC) into the inner membrane was also observed when pre-P-450(SCC) was incubated with inner membrane vesicles. Mature P-450(SCC) generated in vitro from pre-P-450(SCC) by the partially purified processing protease was incorporated not only into the inner membrane vesicles but also into bovine adrenal cortex microsomes. These findings suggested that the processing of pre-P-450(SCC) occurred prior to the incorporation of mature-P-450(SCC) into the inner membrane. PMID- 3910645 TI - Assignment of catalytically essential cysteine residues in aspartase by selective chemical modification with N-(7-dimethylamino-4-methylcoumarynyl)maleimide. AB - N-(7-Dimethylamino-4-methylcoumarynyl)maleimide (DACM), a fluorescent reagent for sulfhydryl groups, was employed to determine the functionally essential cysteine residues in aspartase from Escherichia coli. Analysis of the tryptic peptides containing DACM-labeled residues by reverse phase HPLC revealed that Cys-140 and Cys-430 were selectively modified, among 11 residues whose loci were recently determined by a DNA sequencing study (Takagi, J.S., et al. (1985) Nucl. Acids Res. 13, 2063-2074). When the modification was carried out in the presence of Mg2+ and L-aspartate, the enzyme activity remained unchanged and no cysteine residue was modified. This suggests that two cysteine residues are located at the L-aspartate binding site and that at least one of them is involved in the catalytic reaction. PMID- 3910646 TI - Exposed tyrosine residues of lambda cro repressor protein evidenced by nitration and photo CIDNP experiments. AB - The tyrosine residues of lambda cro repressor were partially nitrated with tetranitromethane under mild conditions. After digestion by Achromobacter protease I, the extent of nitration was determined by HPLC and amino acid analysis. Tyr 26 was most easily nitrated and Tyr 51 followed it. Tyr 10 was resistant to nitration. By comparison of the proton magnetic resonance spectrum of the partially nitrated cro protein with the above result, the aromatic proton resonances of the tyrosine side chains could be assigned to individual tyrosine residues. The extent of nitration is parallel to the accessibility to a flavin dye as measured by photo CIDNP (chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization). PMID- 3910647 TI - Comparison of beta-glucan structures in a cell wall mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the wild type. AB - A mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae defective in the cell wall beta-glucan structure was obtained. The mutant cells are extremely sensitive to (beta 1-3) glucanase digestion and mild alkali treatment. Structural analysis revealed that the alkali-insoluble, skeletal glucan from wild type cells contains two components, a (beta 1-3) linked glucan with a laminated structure, and a highly branched glucan containing predominantly (beta 1-6) linkages. The mutant cells lack the latter component. PMID- 3910648 TI - Kinetic and structural properties of diacetyl reductase from hamster liver. AB - Kinetic and physicochemical properties of hamster liver diacetyl reductase have been examined. The results of kinetic studies on the reduction of diacetyl and NADPH to acetoin and NADP+ suggest that the reaction follows an Ordered Bi Bi mechanism in which NADPH binds first before diacetyl. The enzyme is a tetrameric glycoprotein of single subunits of a molecular weight of 23,500 with a sedimentation coefficient of 6.0S. The enzyme does not contain Zn, Cu, or Fe. The amino acid composition revealed an unusually low proportion of proline residues (0.9%). p-Chloromercuriphenylsulfonate and phenylglyoxal inactivated the enzyme, but the presence of NADPH prevented the loss of activity due to thiol and arginine modification. The enzyme transferred the pro 4S hydrogen atom of NADPH to the substrate and the binding of the enzyme to NADPH resulted in a red shift of the ultraviolet absorption spectrum of the cofactor. PMID- 3910649 TI - A micro-scale method for the conjugation of affinity-purified Fab' to beta-D galactosidase from Escherichia coli. AB - A micro-scale method for the conjugation of affinity-purified Fab' to beta-D galactosidase from Escherichia coli is described. Rabbit anti-human chorionic gonadotropin serum (0.2 ml) was digested with pepsin to convert IgG to F(ab')2 and applied to a column of human chorionic gonadotropin-Sepharose 4B, followed by elution at pH 2.5. The affinity-purified anti-human chorionic gonadotropin F(ab')2 was mixed with non-specific goat F(ab')2 (0.5 mg) as a carrier, reduced with 2-mercaptoethylamine to split F(ab')2 to Fab' and conjugated to beta-D galactosidase using N,N'-o-phenylenedimaleimide. The affinity-purified rabbit anti-human chorionic gonadotropin Fab'-beta-D-galactosidase conjugate was separated from non-specific goat Fab'-beta-D-galactosidase conjugate and unconjugated beta-D-galactosidase by affinity chromatography on a column of goat (anti-rabbit IgG) IgG-Sepharose 4B using 4 M urea. The amount of the affinity purified conjugate obtained was 56-69 micrograms. The detection limit of human chorionic gonadotropin by a sandwich enzyme immunoassay technique was improved 30 fold by using the affinity-purified conjugate as compared with that before affinity-purification. This method is applicable to the conjugation with alkaline phosphatase from calf intestine and probably also other enzymes which are stable in 4 M urea. PMID- 3910650 TI - C. William Hall. PMID- 3910651 TI - Efficacy of an antibiotic coated indwelling catheter: a preliminary report. AB - This study was conducted to examine if an aminoglycoside (dibekacin sulfate, DKB) incorporated into a coating layer on outer and inner surface of indwelling catheters would be released into urine both in vitro and in clinical cases on a sustained basis and if the released DKB would have any efficacy on delaying lower urinary tract infections. Released amounts of DKB from the catheter silicone rubber (SR) catheter were periodically measured both in vitro and in clinical applications. During the clinical applications, the catheters were indwelled in 14 patients. Organism counts in the patients' urine were determined and organisms were isolated from bacteriuria (defined as greater than or equal to 10(4) CFU/mL) and MICs to DKB were measured. Observations on several combined symptoms frequently associated with indwelling catheterization were performed. Results showed that sustained release of DKB continued for more than 25 days and 13 days in vitro and in clinical cases, respectively. Clinical studies suggested that 8 days of sterile urine after catheterization might be expected in patients without systemic administration of antibiotics and more than 2 weeks if combined with it. No particular problems in its use and associated symptoms were recognized. PMID- 3910652 TI - Glucose-sensitive membranes containing glucose oxidase: activity, swelling, and permeability studies. AB - The development of membranes that swell in response to glucose is reported. The membranes may prove to be useful in glucose monitoring or glucose-dependent insulin delivery. The polymers were synthesized by the radiation-induced polymerization of frozen solutions containing hydroxyethylmethacrylate, N,N dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate, ethylene glycol, water, and glucose oxidase. The polymers were hydrogels, with water contents in the range of 60-90%, depending on the pH or glucose concentration. Changes in swelling and permeability of the hydrogel were caused by exposure to glucose solutions. The gluconic acid formed by the glucose oxidase catalyzed oxidation of glucose in the membrane lowered the pH of the system and thus caused the changes in the membrane. The retention of enzyme activity by the membranes in vitro and in vivo is also reported. The large differences in properties among membranes made with different chemical formulations suggest that glucose sensitive membranes with performance characteristics needed for an artificial pancreas may be an achievable goal. PMID- 3910653 TI - Festschrift: C. William Hall, M.D. PMID- 3910654 TI - Biomaterials: applications----innovations----principles: the contributions of C. William Hall. AB - Bill Hall has always had practical goals and objectives, be it an artificial heart, a cardiac assist device, a percutaneous lead, an artificial skin, or a direct skeletal attachment endoprosthesis. Always a careful analysis of the problem, with a keen understanding and appreciation of the biologic and physiologic nature and properties of the tissues with which he was working and must interface, led to innovative approaches which permitted him to work with, rather than against, natural biologic forces and processes. Bill Hall's understanding and practical successes have led to a set of principles that will help guide the education and development of future generations of biomaterial scientists and engineers, and through them and their medical coworkers, the development and application of devices and methods for patient treatment. PMID- 3910655 TI - The artificial heart today. PMID- 3910656 TI - Diagnostic imaging of liver masses in children. AB - We reviewed the investigation of liver masses in 45 children. Plain films of the abdomen (in 42) and radionuclide liver and spleen scans (in 38) were nonspecific, although the latter had a sensitivity of 100%. Sonography detected lesions in 39 of the 40 patients in whom it was performed (sensitivity 97.5%), and suggested a specific diagnosis in 16 (41%). Computerized tomography (CT) detected all lesions (sensitivity 100%) and gave more information than the other modalities in 17 of the 38 cases (44.7%), as well as the best definition of the extent of liver lesions. Sonography should be the initial modality of choice in children with suspected liver masses but, in most patients, CT is the single most helpful method for defining the extent of such masses. In addition, CT may also show extrahepatic disease. In a particular clinical context, the characteristic CT pattern of contrast enhancement is diagnostic of hemangioma. Angiography provides a preoperative map of abdominal vasculature in patients with malignant disease or vascular aneurysm, and is indicated for this purpose. PMID- 3910657 TI - Ultrasonography in the diagnosis of thyroid lymphoma. AB - Lymphoma of the thyroid is a rare condition, classically occurring in elderly caucasian women, presenting as a rapidly enlarging, symptomatic mass. Almost all examples are due to non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and the lesion is commonly superimposed on pre-existing Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Prognosis is best if the disease is diagnosed early and while confined to the thyroid region, there being a favourable response to radiotherapy alone. Unfortunately, lymphoma is rarely considered in the differential diagnosis of thyroid masses, often leading to unnecessary, excessive surgery. Ultrasonography of five patients was analysed to determine if any common diagnostic features were present. All had a similar pattern, with a large, circumscribed, solid hypoechoic mass. Although nonspecific, this appearance, with awareness of a rapidly growing mass, should alert the radiologist and attending clinician to the possibility of lymphoma. PMID- 3910658 TI - Septic arthritis of the hip joint: sonographic and CT findings. AB - Two patients with acute bacterial arthritis of the hip joint were suspected clinically to have a psoas abscess. For this reason a computed tomographic scan of the abdomen and pelvis (two patients) and ultrasonography (one patient) were requested. These scans showed no evidence of an abscess in the abdominal cavity nor retroperitoneum but did demonstrate a hip joint effusion which was compatible with septic arthritis. PMID- 3910659 TI - Moyamoya in sickle cell disease demonstrated by DSA and Hexabrix. AB - We draw attention to the value of selective digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and ioxaglate meglumine (Hexabrix) in demonstrating extensive cerebral collateral circulation (moyamoya) in a patient with homozygous sickle cell disease. PMID- 3910660 TI - Dissecting the roles of individual interactions in protein stability: lessons from a circularized protein. AB - A circular form of bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI) has been prepared by introducing a peptide bond between the N- and C-termini, which are in close proximity in the native conformation. The pathway and energetics of the disulphide-coupled folding transition of the circular protein have been studied using methods applied previously to the unmodified protein. The cross-link between the termini was found not to significantly stabilize the native state in spite of the expected reduction in entropy of the unfolded protein. This unexpected result has led to a reexamination of the stabilization expected from a cross-link, considering effects on the native, as well as unfolded, states of the protein. The greatest stabilization is expected when the cross-linked groups are held rigidly in the native protein in the optimum orientation for forming the cross-link. Similar analyses, utilizing thermodynamic cycles, can be applied to other interactions that stabilize native proteins, including disulphide bonds, salt bridges, and hydrogen bonds and to modifications to the protein that remove them. In general, the contribution of an individual interaction to the stability of the native state depends on the extent to which the interaction is favored in the native conformation, which can vary greatly depending on the local environment of the interacting groups. PMID- 3910661 TI - The origin of prespore vacuoles in Dictyostelium discoideum cells as analysed by electron-microscopic immunocytochemistry and radioautography. AB - Prespore vacuoles (PSVs) are specifically formed in prespore cells of the cellular slime moulds and contain spore-specific antigens. We have examined the processes of PSV formation in Dictyostelium discoideum, using both the methods of immunoelectron microscopy with antispore serum and electron-microscopic radioautography with [3H]fucose, which is specifically incorporated into prespore cells. When prespore cells begin to differentiate at the late aggregation stages the Golgi apparatus, consisting of stacked cisternae and numerous vesicles, becomes conspicuous. Vesicles and flat sacs containing fibrous and membranous materials, respectively, are derived from Golgi cisternae. Spore antigens are found in these structures as well as in immature and mature PSVs. Fucose is incorporated into the same structures. When prespore differentiation is completed, the Golgi cisternae almost disappear and both antigens and fucose are localized in mature PSVs. The Golgi apparatus is scarcely observable in prestalk cells. Moreover, a similar pattern of changes in the Golgi apparatus and related structures occurs during the re-differentiation of prespore cells within prestalk isolates. It is concluded from these findings that PSVs are derived from the Golgi apparatus, the development of which is closely related to the differentiation of prespore cells. PMID- 3910662 TI - [Henri Mondor (1885-1962)]. PMID- 3910663 TI - [Special issue dedicated to Prof. Henri Mondor on the occasion of the centenary of his birth (1885-1985)]. PMID- 3910664 TI - [The death of Paul Lecene. Lecture given by M. Henri Mondor, 28 October 1931]. PMID- 3910665 TI - [Surgery of perforated duodenal ulcer. Treatment of the perforation or the ulcer?]. AB - Treatment of duodenal ulcer disease with an anti-acid preparation significantly reduces early postoperative complications after simple suture of a perforation, in relation to the course of the disease. Future prognosis of the latter is unpredictable even when those parameters, normally considered as being important, are allowed for. Percentage recovery is comparable with or without cimetidine. Treatment proposed is a two-stage operative procedure: 1) treat the peritonitis; 2) conduct recovery surgery at a later stage for recurrent lesions or those resistant to medical treatment. This therapy is based on the belief that emergency conditions do not require a complicated procedure and that the latter is useless in 45% of cases, which cannot be predetermined. This attitude is reinforced by the working conditions and the increased postoperative safety after simple suture as a result of the use of cimetidine. PMID- 3910666 TI - [Factors in recurrence of perforated duodenal ulcer after simple suture. Therapeutic deductions]. AB - Objective predisposing factors leading to relapse after simple suture for perforated duodenal ulcer were evaluated by a retrospective study of 80 cases. Statistical analysis showed 3 main factors to be involved: age under 45 years, presence of a previous ulcer ano smoking, and these were attributed a coefficient of severity. A simple method will enable a population at high risk of recurrence to be selected, for which immediate radical treatment can be applied when vital risk factors, also analyzed in this study, are lacking. PMID- 3910667 TI - [The harpoon technic in excision of subclinical mammary lesions. Preliminary results]. AB - Preliminary results are reported of the use of a surgical technique since April 1983 for excision of subclinical mammography-observed anomalies. The procedure involves the insertion of a harpoon-shaped metallic thread, after detection by mammography, to obtain guidance of surgical procedures. Preliminary results in 36 cases included the detection of 10 cancers, confirming documented data in this field, and it would therefore appear worthwhile continuing along this pathway of early diagnosis. PMID- 3910668 TI - Qualitative and quantitative measurement of hydroxy fatty acids, thromboxanes and prostaglandins using stable isotope dilutions and detection by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. AB - Methods for measurement of the metabolites of arachidonic acid (AA), namely prostaglandins (PGs), thromboxanes (TXs) and hydroxy fatty acids, using stable isotope dilution gas chromatography--mass spectrometry are described. With a few exceptions, labelled species of the various AA metabolites are not commercially available and were therefore synthesized in our laboratory. [2H8]AA, produced by deuteration of eicosatetraynoic acid, was used for comparing the metabolism of exogenously added and endogenously present AA in fibroblast cultures. After derivatization and catalytic hydrogenation, structure elucidation and quantification of the different hydroxy fatty acids was carried out by determination of the fragment ions resulting from alpha-cleavage at the site of the hydroxy function. During catalytic hydrogenation a significant hydrogen- deuterium exchange was observed. To eliminate this problem, 18O-labelled standards were prepared by exchanging the oxygen of the carboxylic acid group. The preparation and the use of hydroxy fatty acids, PGs and TXs labelled with 18O is described. PMID- 3910669 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic assay for methylprednisolone and its soluble prodrug esters in dog plasma. AB - A high-performance liquid chromatographic method with ultraviolet detection (lambda max = 243 nm) has been developed for the simultaneous determination of methylprednisolone (MP) and its water-soluble prodrug esters methylprednisolone hemisuccinate (MPS) and N,N,N'-triethylethylenediamine amide of 6 alpha methylprednisolone-21-hemisuberate hydrochloride (TMPS) in dog plasma. A reversed phase liquid chromatographic separation was performed on a Microsorb C8 (3 microns) column equipped with a C8 5-microns guard column. The mobile phase composition was water--acetonitrile--methanol--dimethyloctylamine--acetic acid (65.5:34:0.4:0.04:0.04). The methyl ester of phenethylcarbamate was employed as an internal standard. The chromatographic responses were linear up to 25 micrograms/ml for MP, 70 micrograms/ml for MPS, and 95 micrograms/ml for TMPS. The sensitivity of the assay by ultraviolet detection is approximately 4, 8, and 12 ng/ml of plasma for MP, MPS and TMPS, respectively. The assay variability in terms of 95% confidence limit for each steroid is less than 4.5%. Plasma concentration--time curves are reported for MP, MPS, and TMPS after intravenous administration of MPS and TMPS equivalent to 3, 10 and 30 mg MP per kg body weight of dog. The assay methodology is simple, selective and reproducible for the quantitative determination of MP, MPS and TMPS in dog plasma. PMID- 3910670 TI - Identification of Escherichia coli by detection of hydroquinone and uracil in the urine system. AB - For rapid identification of Escherichia coli, changes of urinary metabolites incubated with E. coli were investigated by gas chromatography--mass spectrometry. Hydroquinone and uracil were detected and the normal urinary constituent 4-deoxythreonic acid was found to diminish in urine incubated with E. coli. Hydroquinone could not be detected in urine incubated with Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia marcescens or Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Although uracil was detected in normal urine, urine incubated with E. coli showed an increased uracil level. Urine incubated with K. pneumoniae, S. marcescens or P. aeruginosa evidenced no such change. A decrease of 4-deoxythreonic acid was noted in urine incubated with S. marcescens or P. aeruginosa. In 7.0 X 10(7) cells of E. coli, 0.33-2.36 micrograms of hydroquinone and 13.4-42.0 micrograms of uracil were detected after 3 h of incubation at 38 degrees C, and production was not changed after 4, 5 or 8 h of incubation. These results suggest that the detection of hydroquinone and uracil in urine is useful for rapid identification of E. coli. PMID- 3910671 TI - Isolation and stereospecific determination of the enantiomers of oxindazac by direct liquid chromatographic resolution on triacetylcellulose. AB - The preparation of the optically pure enantiomers of the antiphlogistic trial drug oxindazac via liquid chromatographic resolution of the corresponding tert. butyl or benzyl ester on triacetylcellulose is described. Cleavage of the optically pure enantiomeric esters to the acids proceeds without significant racemization. The methyl ester of oxindazac is also completely resolved on the same chiral phase. Whereas oxindazac racemizes easily upon derivatization to diastereomers, no racemization is observed upon methylation to the corresponding methyl ester with diazomethane. An inverse isotope dilution method has been developed to determine both enantiomers of the drug in biological fluids after administration of 14C-labelled oxindazac. The enantiomers are converted into their methyl esters and separated on triacetylcellulose. Quantitation is performed by on-line UV detection at 290 nm and off-line radiometry. In the analysis of plasma samples, endogenous compounds do not interfere. The recoveries of [14C]oxindazac from water, rat and human plasma were 99.6 +/- 1.8% for the (+/ and 96.0 +/- 1.4% for the (-)-enantiomer. The plasma concentrations and urinary excretion of the two enantiomers were determined in a human volunteer who had received 200 mg of racemic 14C-labelled oxindazac. PMID- 3910672 TI - Separation of phenylthiocarbamyl amino acids by high-performance liquid chromatography on Spherisob octadecylsilane columns. PMID- 3910673 TI - Highly sensitive assay for PZ-peptidase activity by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - A rapid and highly sensitive assay method for measuring PZ-peptidase activity in newborn rat brain is described. The method is based on monitoring the absorption at 320 nm of PZ-Pro-Leu enzymatically formed from the substrate, PZ-L-Pro-L-Leu Gly-L-Pro-D-Arg, after separation by high-performance liquid chromatography using a reversed-phase column. This method is sensitive enough to measure PZ-Pro-Leu at concentrations as low as 5 pmol, and is able to make the column ready for the next injection within 10 min after the preceding injection. By using this method, PZ-peptidase activity was discovered in clonal osteoblastic cells derived from newborn mouse calvaria. PMID- 3910674 TI - Identification and isolation of human insulin A and B chains by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - A method for the isolation, identification and quantification of human insulin A and B chains by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is described. These chains were isolated from a peptide mixture produced by E. coli with modified genes obtained by genetic engineering. The method is based on the use of hydrophilic reagents, forming ion pairs in a reversed-phase column. Because some undesirable effects resulting from the use of phosphoric acid were observed, especially with the B chain, a new HPLC method was developed for each of the two human insulin chains. The use of trifluoroacetic acid as a counter ion for the A chain and of formic acid for the B chain led to the rapid isolation and purification of each chain by HPLC. The advantage of this method is that it provides a highly pure product, which was identified by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and amino acid analysis. PMID- 3910675 TI - Haploidentical bone marrow transplantation for severe combined immunodeficiency disease using soybean agglutinin-negative, T-depleted marrow cells. AB - The major limitation of mismatched bone marrow transplantation is fatal graft versus host disease (GVHD). We processed haplotype-identical parental marrow with soybean agglutinin (SBA), sheep erythrocytes (SRBC), and neuraminidase-treated SRBC (N-SRBC) to enrich for marrow stem cells and remove mature T cells. Nine patients with severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID) who lacked histocompatible donors received these SBA-negative, SRBC-negative, N-SRBC negative marrow transplants (0.5-5.0 X 10(8) cells/kg). Seven of the nine patients (78%) had documented T-lymphocyte engraftment based on HLA typing and/or chromosomal analysis. Six patients showed evidence of B-cell immunity on the basis of increased immunoglobulin levels, isohemagglutinins, and/or HLA-DR typing of non-T cells. Three patients received marrow ablative chemotherapy pretransplant for maternal-fetal GVHD; neutrophil engraftment occurred between 9 and 17 days posttransplantation, erythrocytes engrafted within 3-4 weeks of transplantation, and platelet recovery was seen between day 17 and day 49 following the transplants. No immunosuppression was given prophylactically posttransplant. Three patients had no GVHD, two had transient rash and/or fever, and two developed mild focal (stage I) chronic cutaneous GVHD. Of the seven who engrafted, five (71%) are alive and clinically well without GVHD 18-35 months posttransplant. These data demonstrate that SBA- and SRBC/N-SRBC-treated haploidentical marrow transplantation results in functional lymphocyte engraftment in SCID without significant GVHD, and can be used for some patients who otherwise would have no hope for survival. PMID- 3910676 TI - Neuropsychology qua interface. AB - This paper focuses on the multidisciplinary nature and requirements of neuropsychology. It illustrates two approaches to this convergence of neuropsychology and its complementary disciplines: the relationship between the dissociated visual-perceptual and spatial disorders consequent upon focal lesions of the right cerebral hemisphere in man and the evidence (neuroanatomical, neurophysiological, and behavioural) of two major cortico-cortical pathways for processing visual information in monkey; and the evolution of information processing models (derived from cognitive psychology, linguistics, and pathophysiological data) to delineate the functional architecture of reading and speech production. It cites the study of attention and frontal-lobe function as a major target for research; and it invokes the need to encompass the art of medicine in neuropsychological research and practice. PMID- 3910677 TI - Behavioral relaxation training with hyperactive children. AB - Three boys meeting multiple criteria of hyperactivity were trained to emit ten specific relaxed behaviors by means of Behavioral Relaxation Training (BRT). Dependent measures included the Behavioral Relaxation Scale (BRS), frontalis electromyogram (EMG), the Conners Parent Symptom Questionnaire, and self-report. A multiple-probe design across subjects was employed, plus a reversal between recliner and beanbag chair for each subject. BRT was effective in producing high levels of relaxed behaviors and low EMG levels in the office setting, particularly in conjunction with the beanbag chair, with some reduction of hyperactivity scores on the Conners. Subsequent training in each child's home by his mother was accompanied by further reductions in parent-reported symptoms and low EMG levels, which were maintained at a 1-month follow-up. PMID- 3910678 TI - Relaxation training and expectation in the treatment of postpartum distress. PMID- 3910679 TI - Controlled trial of psychological intervention in myocardial infarction. PMID- 3910680 TI - Multiple perspectives of rejected, neglected, and accepted children: relation between sociometric status and behavioral characteristics. PMID- 3910681 TI - Cognitive and behavioral treatments of agoraphobia: clinical, behavioral, and psychophysiological outcomes. PMID- 3910682 TI - The retention of vented-cast dental posts. PMID- 3910683 TI - Clasping using Wiptam wrought wire. PMID- 3910684 TI - Gingival and labial vestibular temperature in young individuals. PMID- 3910685 TI - The adhesion of Staphylococcus epidermidis to cultured cells. PMID- 3910686 TI - Impaired histamine metabolism in human erythematous dermatoses. PMID- 3910687 TI - Skin elasticity in psoriasis. In vivo measurement of tensile distensibility, hysteresis and resilient distension with a new method. Comparison with skin thickness as measured with high-frequency ultrasound. PMID- 3910688 TI - Studies on the parasitic forms of Trichophyton rubrum isolated from patients with granuloma trichophyticum using the "agar-implantation method". PMID- 3910689 TI - Porphyria cutanea tarda symptomatica in children treated with chloroquine. Report of four cases with control liver biopsies. PMID- 3910690 TI - Giant irritated seborrheic keratosis mimicking verrucous carcinoma. PMID- 3910691 TI - Basal cell epithelioma with giant tumor cells. PMID- 3910692 TI - Acquired periungual fibrokeratoma--a proposal for classification of periungual fibrous lesions. PMID- 3910693 TI - Papulonecrotic tuberculid with inflammatory nodular lesions of the lower leg: a report of two cases. PMID- 3910695 TI - Idiopathic calcinosis of the scrotum. PMID- 3910694 TI - Demonstration of eosinophil chemotactic factor in the blister fluid of patient with incontinentia pigmenti. PMID- 3910696 TI - Recurrent eczema herpeticum in an adult. PMID- 3910697 TI - Lichen sclerosus et atrophicus in children. PMID- 3910698 TI - [Action of acrylamide on Escherichia coli cell permeability]. PMID- 3910699 TI - Educational entry requirements for nurse registration: an historical perspective. AB - This paper examines the changing values in the General Nursing Council for England and Wales between the days before the National Health Service and the time when the minimum educational level for entrants to student nurse training was reinstituted in 1962. It discusses why the entry level was set at two ordinary levels of the General Certificate of Education, lower than the standard before the 1939 World War. The paper ends by arguing that the GNC became an agent of the government for the recruitment of nurses and the deskilling of nursing. PMID- 3910700 TI - The sizes of particulate trace elements in the atmosphere--a review. PMID- 3910701 TI - George C. Paffenbarger's name inscribed on the Mace. PMID- 3910702 TI - Gies Award to Allen Anthony Copping. PMID- 3910703 TI - Award of Merit to Delmar J. Stauffer. PMID- 3910704 TI - Honorary Fellowship for Gerhard M. Brauer. PMID- 3910705 TI - The nurse practitioner: history, current conflicts, and future survival. PMID- 3910706 TI - [Anti-inflammatory effect of tiaprofenic acid following ocular surgery]. AB - We evaluated the anti-inflammatory and analgesic action of tiaprofenic acid in the post-operative course of ocular surgery by means of a double-blind study versus placebo in a series of 85 patients. 41 of these patients received tiaprofenic acid and 44 received the placebo. Tiaprofenic acid was administrated at a dose of 600 mg/day according to a peri-operative therapeutic plan (2 days before and 6 days after the operation). The results demonstrate that the anti inflammatory action of tiaprofenic acid is significantly better than that of the placebo and that it is very rapid, appearing on the day after the operation. The tolerance was very good and identical in the two groups. The use of tiaprofenic acid in ocular surgery results in a significant reduction in the intensity and the duration of the inflammatory reaction. PMID- 3910707 TI - Application of new adhesion technique to posterior adhesion bridge. PMID- 3910708 TI - William Beaumont: frontier physician and founding father of gastric physiology. PMID- 3910709 TI - An original Beaumont letter. PMID- 3910710 TI - Final report on the United States Multicenter Trial comparing ranitidine to cimetidine as maintenance therapy following healing of duodenal ulcer. AB - Patients with recently healed duodenal ulcers were enrolled at 14 participating centers in a 12-month study comparing the effectiveness of ranitidine and cimetidine, two H2-receptor blockers, for maintenance therapy. Patients were randomly assigned to take bedtime doses of 150 mg of ranitidine (n = 60) or 400 mg of cimetidine (n = 66). Endoscopic examinations were scheduled at baseline and after 4, 8, and 12 months of therapy, or when symptoms compatible with active ulcer disease developed. Life-table analysis indicated a relapse rate of 16% for the ranitidine subjects and 43% for the cimetidine subjects during the 12-month period (p = 0.01). Therapy was discontinued in one ranitidine subject and two cimetidine subjects for adverse events considered drug-related. There were no drug-related laboratory abnormalities in either treatment group. No significant drug-related adverse effects were seen with either drug during this 1-year trial. At the doses prescribed, ranitidine was superior to cimetidine as maintenance therapy in duodenal ulcer disease. PMID- 3910711 TI - Imaging guided percutaneous hepatic biopsy: diagnostic accuracy and safety. AB - During the 3-year period from May 1981 to June 1984, 145 patients with hepatic abnormalities demonstrated by computed tomography (CT) or ultrasonography (US) underwent 151 imaging guided percutaneous hepatic biopsies. These biopsies were performed with needles ranging in size from 21-gauge aspiration to 14-gauge cutting type. Histologic and cytologic results were correlated with subsequent surgical, autopsy, and clinical follow-ups ranging from 2 months to 3 years. The overall accuracy for imaging-guided biopsies was 92.1% and 98% for diagnosis of malignant lesions. Our complication rate of 1.3% is comparable to that reported in other studies. We discuss indications, techniques, and risks for imaging guided percutaneous hepatic biopsy. PMID- 3910712 TI - Ultrasound in the diagnosis of sphincter of Oddi spasm. AB - Biliary colic from spasm of the sphincter of Oddi has been a difficult diagnosis to prove. We describe a patient in whom the diagnosis was arrived at using a pharmacological provocative test employing codeine to reproduce pain and a change in liver and pancreatic serum enzymes, and ultrasound to demonstrate a transient increase in common bile duct diameter. Testing carried out before surgical sphincteroplasty reproduced symptoms, and brought about marked pancreatic and liver enzyme elevation and an increase in common bile duct diameter measured by ultrasound (0.4 to 1.0 cm). Such events did not occur after sphincteroplasty. This case study suggests that codeine may be a useful provocative agent and that ultrasound measurements of changes in common bile duct diameter may provide a useful method in the diagnostic approach to Sphincter of Oddi Spasm. PMID- 3910713 TI - Metal fume fever--a review. AB - Metal fume fever (MFF) is an acute industrial disease caused by the inhalation of a variety of heavy metal oxides. MFF occurs most commonly during welding operations, particularly those involving zinc oxide. The illness is of short duration and produces symptoms of cough, fever, chills, malaise, and myalgias. Its etiology is uncertain, and its diagnosis is difficult because symptoms resemble a number of pulmonary illnesses. Supportive treatment, with bed rest, analgesics, and fever control is used for symptomatic relief. Emergency medicine physicians must differentiate the clinical picture from other common respiratory illnesses. The mainstay of therapy for MFF consists of recognizing the disease and preventing subsequent exposure to harmful metals. PMID- 3910714 TI - The prehospital airway. PMID- 3910715 TI - Febrile seizures: emergency department diagnosis and treatment. AB - Febrile seizures are a common problem. Simple febrile seizures usually occur in otherwise normal children and are brief, generalized, and relatively benign. First febrile seizures should be evaluated by a physician to rule out serious underlying disease. A careful history and thorough physical exam are essential. Routine laboratory evaluation of simple febrile seizures is seldom helpful. Other laboratory tests to determine the source of fever or cause of seizures should be obtained when specifically indicated. Although the threshold for performing a lumbar puncture should be low, it is not mandatory to obtain one in every case of simple febrile seizures. Treatment of most simple febrile seizures consists of fever control and parental counseling. Chronic anticonvulsant therapy should be limited to special circumstances. PMID- 3910716 TI - An unusual cause of abdominal pain and shock in pregnancy: case report and review of the literature. AB - A near fatal case of spontaneous uterine rupture resulting from placenta percreta is presented. Placenta accreta refers to all conditions in which placental villi attach to, invade, or penetrate the myometrium. Placenta percreta is the most extreme form of morbid placental attachment and is said to exist when the uterine wall is completely breached by invading placental villi. Although uncommon, placenta percreta is an important entity of which the emergency physician should be aware because of its propensity to cause uterine rupture and catastrophic bleeding. This article reviews the pathophysiology, presentation, diagnosis, and emergency department management of placenta accreta, increta, and percreta. PMID- 3910717 TI - Femoral vein cannulation: a review. AB - The femoral vein is an excellent potential venous access site. The technique of cannulation is described and its applications and complications are reviewed. More extensive future use of this technique is necessary to determine its proper role in emergency medicine. PMID- 3910718 TI - Lightning injuries. AB - The physical properties of lightning are given, including a description of the different observed lightning forms. The wide variety of effects of lightning on humans is reviewed. In the prehospital care of those struck by lightning, emphasis is upon immediate resuscitation of those who appear unresponsive. Recommendations for emergency department evaluation, treatment, and disposition are given. Guidelines to prevent humans from being struck by lightning are discussed. PMID- 3910719 TI - Thoracentesis in the emergency department. AB - Presented is a review of thoracentesis, a procedure with which the emergency physician should be familiar. The pathophysiology of pleural effusions is described and is followed by a review of the clinical presentation and diagnosis. Special attention is given to technique and interpretation of results. PMID- 3910721 TI - Health care data and the computer age. PMID- 3910720 TI - Abraham Colles: fracture of the carpal extremity of the radius. AB - Colles' fracture of the wrist is among the most common bony injuries encountered in emergency practice, and accounts for 10% to 20% of all fractures. Described in an excellent clinical treatise some 8 decades before the advent of radiographs, this fracture of the distal radius continues to pose a source of some disability to large numbers of patients. Complications include residual deformity, loss of mobility, median and ulnar nerve injury, shoulder-hand syndrome, and rupture of the extensor pollicis longus tendon. Although encountered in patients of either sex and in all age groups, this injury classically affects postmenopausal women, who are predisposed to it as a consequence of osteoporosis. The technique of immobilization appears not to be as important in influencing final outcome as does the precision of reduction. PMID- 3910722 TI - [Immunocytochemical studies on the possible involvement of the classical neurosecretory system in the cerebral processes of cardiovascular regulation]. AB - The distribution and the cytomorphology of neurophysin- and oxytocin-producing cells of the classic neurosecretory system of the rabbit were investigated at light microscopic level using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) technique. Our results show that the neurons are distributed not only in the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei, but as constituents of the suprachiasmatic nucleus and different cell clusters in the diencephalon they have a broader distribution than hitherto has been assumed. The light microscopic analysis of the exohypothalamic hypothalamo-rhombencephalic pathway shows that its fibres are closely related to neurons of the nucleus of the tractus solitarii and the dorsal motor nucleus of vagus. Following light microscopic observations suggesting that these fibres terminate on neurons in these nuclei, an immuno-electron microscopic study was undertaken. Using the pre-embedding technique, specific reaction products were observed indicating both neurophysin and oxytocin in axo-dendritic and axo somatic synapses. These peptide-containing terminals do not seem to differ in any way from classic transmitter-containing synapses in the brain. The synaptic contacts between hypothalamo-rhombencephalic fibres on the one hand and neurons of the nucleus tractus solitarii and the dorsal motor nucleus of vagus on the other might be the morphological representation of an involvement of the paraventricular nucleus in cerebral cardiovascular regulation. PMID- 3910723 TI - Cefamandole resistance transfer in bacterial strains from two newborn units. AB - Transfer of Cefamandole resistance was demonstrated from strains of Citrobacter freundii as well as from individual strains of Enterobacter cloacae, Acinetobacter anitratus and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from patients in two newborn units. In Citrobacter freundii, Cefamandole resistance was transferred always with Cephalotin resistance as well as with a TEM-like beta lactamase (conferring resistance to Ampicillin, Carbenicillin and Azlocillin). Citrobacter freundii strains from Hospital I were completely susceptible to gentamicin, while strains of other species, resistant to Cefamandole plus Cephalotin, were resistant to Gentamicin as well, and transferred this resistance, too. In one Enterobacter cloacae strain from Hospital I, Cefamandole resistance could be separated from resistance to Cephalotin, but only in clones selected with gentamicin and not with any of the cephalosporins. Acinetobacter anitratus strain was also resistant to Cefotaxime, but did not transfer this resistance. It might be concluded that special nosocomial bacteria may carry plasmids conferring a transferable type of resistance to Cefamandole together with resistance to classical cephalosporines. Second cycle of transfers, i.e. between two variants of E. coli K-12 strains confirmed the contransferability of Cefamandole and Cephalotin resistance. PMID- 3910724 TI - Effect of autovaccination on the course of urinary tract infection in animal experiment. AB - Autovaccination of rats with chronic pyelonephritis carried out approximately two months after the onset of infection does not result in an improved histological picture in the infected but can prevent destructive processes in the controlateral kidney. Cyclophosphamide administered in three doses of 30 mg/kg simultaneously with autovaccination slightly modulates the immune response to the infectious strain. The temporal relationship between immunization and cyclophosphamide administration determines the mode of action of cyclophosphamide. In the present experiment, the concept of Miller has not proved to be applicable. Cyclophosphamide administration causes a distinct increase in inflammatory processes in the kidney. Should an enhancement phenomenon be involved in the bacterial infection of the kidney, of which we have found no proof, cyclophosphamide therapy as it was used in the present study would not result in its removal and thus in improved elimination of the infectious organism. Additional experiments are required to determine whether animals subjected to autovaccination are protected against a new episode of urinary tract infection. PMID- 3910725 TI - Antihypertensive effect of sialoadenectomy in one-kidney, one clip hypertension in the rat. AB - We have examined the effect of removal of the submandibular gland on one-kidney, one clip (1K1C) hypertension in the rat. Five weeks after application of a silver clip with a 0.20-mm gap, 15 hypertensive rats were sialoadenectomized. This was followed by a decrease in systolic blood pressure (SBP) within 1 day by 22 +/- 4 mmHg (+/- s.e.m.) and in nine rats pressure stabilized within 1 week at 133 +/- 5 (cf. 166 +/- 2 before sialoadenectomy). In the other six rats the initial hypotensive response was followed by a gradual return to hypertensive levels, reaching 178 +/- 4 mmHg 6 weeks later. Sham-sialoadenectomized rats remained hypertensive throughout. When a 0.15-mm gap clip was used in a similar experiment rats became hypertensive after 2 weeks, and sialoadenectomy lowered SBP to normal in half of them, after which pressure tended to return to hypertensive levels in most. No change in SBP was found in sham-operated hypertensive rats. Sialoadenectomy performed at the time of clipping with a 0.15-mm gap clip and unilateral nephrectomy delayed the development of hypertension. Systolic pressure then fell from 153 +/- 14 at 4 weeks to 105 +/- 8 at 12 weeks after operation in five rats, but continued to increase in eight rats from 148 +/- 10 at 4 weeks to 172 +/- 15 at 12 weeks. These experiments thus demonstrate that the submandibular gland may contribute to the onset and maintenance of one-kidney, one clip hypertension in the rat, particularly in less severe stenosis. PMID- 3910726 TI - A study of the renin inhibitor H142 in man. AB - The inhibitor of human renin, H142, was studied in nine male volunteers. On three occasions, in random order, volunteers were infused with 5% dextrose or with H142 at 1.0 or 2.5 mg/kg per h for 30 min while supine and thereafter with dextrose for 1 1/2 h. There was a marked reduction in plasma active renin concentration as assayed by an enzyme-kinetic method, with parallel falls in the circulating concentrations of angiotensins (ANG) I and II, all of which rebounded transiently to values above basal after the H142 infusion was stopped. In contrast, total renin concentration as measured by radio-immunoassay rose while ANG I and II fell, subsiding when H142 was discontinued. There was a slight but significant increase in plasma noradrenaline as renin became inhibited; plasma adrenaline was unchanged. H142 produced a slight fall in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and a clearer, highly significant, dose-related fall in diastolic blood pressure (DBP). There was a modest but significant increase in the heart rate. These studies confirm H142 as an effective inhibitor of human renin in vivo. PMID- 3910727 TI - Renal vein renin studies in renovascular hypertension--do they really help? PMID- 3910728 TI - Bacteriological study of postoperative wound infections. PMID- 3910729 TI - Vaccination against rabies--another outstanding centenary. PMID- 3910730 TI - Ceftazidime as first-line therapy for fever in acute leukaemia. AB - Fifty patients with acute non-lymphocytic leukaemia were treated by random allocation with either ceftazidime alone or a combination of piperacillin, netilmicin and cefotaxime for 65 febrile neutropenic episodes. Nineteen of 33 patient episodes (58%) responded to ceftazidime alone compared with 21 of 32 episodes (66%) treated with the combination. There was one infective death in a patient given the combination; rates of documented superinfection were low. The treatment groups appeared identical in terms of patient demography, underlying disease and other risk factors, though patients with a clinical site of infection responded more slowly than those without. Bacteraemia per se did not appear to influence outcome. Bactericidal serum concentrations greater than or equal to 8 X the minimum bactericidal concentration were predictive of a rapid response (within 4 days) to antibiotics. Furthermore, serum from patients treated with ceftazidime maintained adequate cidal activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa for longer than that obtained from patients treated with the three-drug combination. Ceftazidime was shown to be a safe and effective alternative to the three-drug combination for the initial management of febrile neutropenic episodes in leukaemic patients. PMID- 3910731 TI - Comparison of serial diagnostic tests in a patient with invasive aspergillosis. AB - Studies on a liver transplant recipient with fatal disseminated aspergillosis are described. The concentration of IgG antibodies to Aspergillus rose sharply with the onset of fever and changes in the chest X-ray, reaching a peak on day 10. Thereafter, antibody concentrations fell and were within the normal range by day 21, when Aspergillus was first isolated from an endotracheal aspirate and one day before death. The fall in antibodies preceded a rise in circulating immune complexes but Aspergillus antigens were not detected in the serum. Serial quantitative assay for antibodies to Aspergillus may be more appropriate than culture or attempts to detect antigen in the early diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis in immunocompromised patients. PMID- 3910732 TI - [Vesicostomy: a temporary urinary diversion in childhood]. AB - The authors report on 21 pediatric cases of tubeless cystostomies (19 males and 2 females). 15 cases of posterior urethral valves (septic condition and very narrow urethra). 3 primitive vesico-renal refluxes (small bladder, severe impairment of renal function and extensive dilatation of the upper urinary tract). 2 prune belly syndromes. 1 neurogenic bladder. (Impracticable intermittent catheterization). 19 of the 21 cases showed dramatic improvement (narrowing of the upper urinary tract, disappearance of infection and resumption of staturo ponderal thrive). Only 1 child with valves had to be put on cutaneous ureterostomy. The improvement in the upper urinary tract, as seen on the IVP, is very rapid in valve cases without reflux. The improvement is visible earlier on isotopic renal scans than on IVP. 11 children suffered acute pyelonephritis during vesicostomy. There were no cases of cutaneous peristomal modification. Simultaneous closure of the derivation and surgery of the primitive disease were performed in 10 cases after a 1-3 year period of vesicostomy. Vesicostomy will succeed in those babies who have shown clinical and biological improvement after a short period of trans-urethral or suprapubic catheterization. The suprapubic endoscopis treatment of the valves becomes possible through the vesicostomy hole excluding urethral trauma. PMID- 3910734 TI - [Operative ultrasonography during cardiac and peripheral vascular surgery]. PMID- 3910733 TI - [Adjuvant chemotherapy of infiltrating bladder cancer. A feasibility trial]. AB - From January 1981 until December 1983, 51 patients have been submitted to total cystectomy for infiltrative bladder cancer, stages B2 C and D1 of the Marshall classification. They have be proposed in a trial of feasibility with adjuvant chemotherapy using Adriamycin and Cis Platinum. 24 patients have been excluded, 17 because medical contraindications, 5 because they were foreigners, 3 because they refused the therapy. 27 patients have received the chemotherapy. In 5 patients the treatment has been interrupted before the completion of 6 cycles. The results show the feasibility of a trial with adjuvant chemotherapy. The theorical rationale and the methodology are discussed. PMID- 3910735 TI - [Effects of endogenous PGI2 on the hemodynamics and platelet function during cardiopulmonary bypass]. PMID- 3910736 TI - [Alzheimer paired helical filament]. PMID- 3910737 TI - [Mechanism of a glycoprotein: laminin secretion from embryonal carcinoma F9 cells]. PMID- 3910738 TI - [Immune reaction between maternal and fetal tissue at the nidatory site of tubal pregnancy]. AB - From the standpoint of local immunity of the nidatory site, the morphological appearance of 85 cases of tubal pregnancies whose nidatory sites were histologically proven, was analyzed. Also, the localization of human chorionic gonadotropin or hCG, a locally strong immunosuppressive substance, was immunohistochemically observed at the nidatory site in five cases of tubal pregnancies, aiming at the clarification of the feto-maternal immune reaction in early human pregnancy. In 48 cases out of 85 (56%), the basic structure of the nidatory site was observed, while in 37 out of 85 (46%), it was not. This shows that in some cases of tubal pregnancy, fibrinoid layer or lymphocytic layer was not always well developed. The finding that a band of lymphocytes appeared around the nidatory site seemed to show the existence of antigenicity of trophoblasts and of feto-maternal immune reaction at the implanted site. However, it was considered that there was little possibility of the lymphocytes participating in the rejection of the fetal tissues. Though the direct immunosuppressiveness of purified hCG is in dispute, the characteristic localization of hCG at the nidatory site suggested a possible role of the trophoblast in the trophoblastic shell with a great amount of hCG on local immunosuppressiveness at the nidatory site. PMID- 3910739 TI - [Studies for development and clinical use of the simplified method of acrosin measurement by using gelatin substrate slides]. AB - A simplified method for the detection of acrosin proteolytic activity (APA) of the individual sperm was developed by using a gelatin substrate slide. The following results were obtained in clinical application. Soybean trypsin inhibitor and TLCK completely inhibited APA at concentrations of 500 micrograms/ml and 1.5 mg/ml, respectedly. APA in diluted semen increased with greater dilution reaching the maximum at 8 to 10 fold dilution. Even at this dilution, APA was only 70% of the APA measured with washed sperm. A significant correlation was found between APA and the sperm concentration in male infertility. APA increased as the concentration of sperm increased, and the lowest APA was observed at less than 20 X 10(6)/ml. An unexplained male infertility group had a significantly lower APA than a fertile group. The group with both more than 40% motility and 2b quality had a higher APA than other groups with poor motility. There was no significant correlation between the rate of penetration of the zona-free hamster ova seen in the penetration assay and APA. Sperm-immobilizing antibody had no effect on APA. Nonoxynol-9 (N-9), a spermicidal agent, could inhibit APA completely at concentrations of 250 micrograms/ml and more. A linear regression curve of APA was obtained with a log dose concentration of N-9. From these results it is felt that this newly developed method will be useful in clinical practice. PMID- 3910740 TI - [Production of monoclonal antibodies to ferritin and development of the enzymeimmunoassay system]. AB - A sandwich enzymeimmunoassay (EIA) system for serum ferritin was developed by newly obtained monoclonal antibodies to human placental ferritin (HPF). And serum ferritin values in 3 groups (normal control, normal pregnant women and gynecological cancer patients groups) were measured. These values were compared with those measured by the conventional sandwich EIA system, in which human liver ferritin (HLF) and conventional polyclonal antibody to HLF were used as standard substance and horseradish peroxidase (HRPO) conjugated antibodies, respectively. RESULTS: The high coefficient of correlation of ferritin values between the new monoclonal assay and conventional assay indicated that this monoclonal assay system was useful in measuring serum ferritin. The distribution of the ferritin value in the normal control was 84.5 +/- 26.6ng/ml. The peak ferritin value in 136 normal pregnant women was found around the early second trimester. The serum ferritin value in 184 women with cancer usually exceeded the upper limit or normal range and some of them were more than 1000ng/ml. These results indicate that ferritin was a useful marker for cancer. When the correlation curve of the cancer group was compared with that of the normal control, it appeared that the assay system using HPF as the standard substance might be useful in correcting the false negative which the conventional assay system using HLF for the standard failed to pick up in the measurement of acidic ferritin (HPF or cancer ferritin). PMID- 3910741 TI - [Episode secretion of LH releasing hormone and LH in peripheral plasma of women with and without ovulatory disturbances]. AB - We studied the secretory dynamics of plasma luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) in 5 normal ovulatory women during the early follicular phase, and 29 cases of ovuluatory disturbances using radioimmunoassay methods. All of the normal ovulatory women demonstrated one or two pulsatile LHRH releases in 3 or 4 hours. The height of LHRH secretory spikes was observed to be between 1.4 and 9.2 pg/ml. Plasma LH episodic secretion was related to LHRH episodic secretion. In 15 out of 27 cases of of ovulatory disturbances except cases with primary ovarian dysfunction, the LH episodic secretion revealed a significant decrease in pulse frequency. In 13 out of 16 cases of ovulatory disturbances, the height of LHRH secretory spikes was not greater than 1.3 pg/ml. This study indicates that the main causes of ovulatory disturbances are decrease in LHRH and LH episodic secretion. In all cases treated with clomphene, the plasma LHRH pulse increased after treatment. But in the cases where ovulation was not induced by clomiphene citrate, the plasma LH pulse did not increase as the LHRH pulse increased. PMID- 3910742 TI - [Stimulatory effect of a traditional herbal medicine, Unkeito on LH-RH release]. AB - In order to study the effect of Unkeito (Chinese name, Wen-Jan-Tang), a traditional Chinese herbal medicine and its components on luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LH-RH) and LH release, the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) alone or the pituitary alone or the pituitary in sequence with the MBH from normal female rats in diestrus was perifused in a sequential double-chamber perifusion system. LH-RH release from MBH increased significantly (p less than 0.05) by 50 100% of the basal level 30-90 min after the beginning of Unkeito administration. Unkeito at 5 micrograms/ml induced significant LH release (60-95% increase) from the pituitary in series with the MBH, but had no effect on LH release from the pituitary perifused alone. One of Unkeito's components Botanpi induced significant LH release, although other five components had no effect on LH release. These data suggest that Unkeito induces LH release from the pituitary through hypothalamic LH-RH, and can be used for the treatment of patients with hypothalamic amenorrhea. PMID- 3910743 TI - [Potential obstetrical application of prostaglandins]. PMID- 3910744 TI - [Clinical significance of tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) and carbohydrate antigen 12-5 (CA 12-5) in the sera from patients with various gynecologic tumors]. PMID- 3910745 TI - A study of the immunological effects of cimetidine in patients with lepromatous leprosy. AB - To test the capacity of cimetidine to enhance cellular immunity in patients with lepromatous leprosy (LL), cimetidine was given for one month to 29 inactive LL patients and 3 active LL patients. Immune function was monitored with skin tests (lepromin, PPD, candida, and trichopytin), lymphocyte transformation tests (phytohemagglutinin, BCG, and Dharmendra lepromin), and quantitation of peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations. A small but significant "booster" response to PPD was the only change observed in the study of patients with inactive disease, and leprosy-related reactions did not occur. In the few active LL patients studied, neither immune enhancement nor leprosy-related reactions were observed. The results of this investigation suggest that cimetidine can be used safely in patients with inactive lepromatous leprosy. PMID- 3910746 TI - Determination of antibodies in dried blood from earlobes of leprosy patients by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay--a preliminary report. AB - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used with soluble antigens of Mycobacterium leprae. All blood samples collected from the earlobes of 109 leprosy patients and 100 healthy controls (from a non-endemic area of leprosy) were absorbed with M. vaccae, BCG, cardiolipin, and lecithin according to the technology of the FLA-ABS test before being tested in the ELISA. The results (at a 1:200 blood dilution) showed that antibody activity gradually increased from TT to LL (mean OD values: TT = 0.43, BT = 0.62, BB = 0.72, BL = 0.84, LL = 0.89), and the rates of positive reactions were 100% in all classifications of patients except TT (66.6%). Antibody activity in the controls was less pronounced than in leprosy patients, their mean OD value being only 0.15. We suggest that the ELISA is highly sensitive and specific for the determination of anti-M. leprae antibodies, and is useful for clinical serodiagnosis and for the study of subclinical infections in leprosy. PMID- 3910747 TI - Electron microscopic observations of acid-fast bacilli in nasal mucosal biopsies of lepromatous leprosy patients. AB - The fine structure of acid-fast bacilli in nasal mucosal lepromas of lepromatous leprosy patients was studied in ultrathin sections by the electron microscope. The cell envelope of the bacilli was the main point of these observations. The electron microscopic examination of some of the bacilli revealed the envelope to be multilaminate. Some of the cellular matter was filled with an electron-less dense, amorphous substance, surrounded with a membrane-like structure, and was adherent to the outermost layer of the bacillary cell envelope. PMID- 3910748 TI - An experimental study of the antileprosy activity of a series of thioamides in the mouse. AB - A series of substituted thioamides have been studied to establish whether their structure-activity pattern against Mycobacterium leprae is similar to that displayed against M. tuberculosis. Antileprosy activity was evaluated in the mouse foot pad using both the kinetic and continuous methods. Ethionamide and prothionamide were found to be the most active compounds and to be of approximately equal potency. Thioisonicotinamide was about five times less active. 2-t-Butyl-thioisonicotinamide, 2-dimethylamino-thioisonicotinamide, and pyrazine carbonic thioamide were inactive at the dosages tested. High-pressure liquid chromatographic methods were devised to study the potential influence of pharmacological factors on their in vivo activity. Fecal measurements suggested that all of the thioamides were well absorbed when fed in the diet. After intravenous administration, all of the thioamides were rapidly eliminated from the mouse. The differences in their elimination rates probably played only a minor role in affecting their relative antileprosy activities. It was concluded that the structural requirements for antileprosy and antituberculosis activity of the thioamides are probably similar. PMID- 3910749 TI - Experimental reproduction of leprosy in seven-banded armadillos (Dasypus hybridus). AB - Four autochthonous seven-banded armadillos (Dasypus hybridus) from Argentina which developed disseminated leprosy are reported. The average time from inoculation to death was 14.6 months. Acid-fast bacilli (AFB) were found in the skin, nerves, spleen, lymph nodes, lungs, meninges, and striated muscle. Several tests were used to prove that the AFB found in the infected animals were Mycobacterium leprae: a) failure to grow in standard culture media for mycobacteria, b) extraction of acid-fastness with the pyridine test, c) patterns of growth in the mouse foot pad, and d) histopathologic features. PMID- 3910750 TI - Monoclonal antibodies and recombinant DNA technology: present and future uses in leprosy and tuberculosis. PMID- 3910751 TI - Distribution of Mycobacterium leprae in the circles of counting slides. PMID- 3910752 TI - Distribution of Mycobacterium leprae in circular counting films. PMID- 3910753 TI - [Effect of the palatal plate on the pronunciation of consonants]. PMID- 3910754 TI - [Positional changes of the teeth after periodontal therapy]. PMID- 3910755 TI - [An experimental study of degeneration and regeneration after autogenous grafting of inferior alveolar nerve in rabbits: comparison of microsurgical suture methods]. PMID- 3910756 TI - The stability of Le Fort I advancement osteotomies using bone plates without bone grafts. AB - The stability of Le Fort I advancement osteotomies using 4 "Champy" stainless steel mini plates without bone grafts was studied. Eleven consecutive patients, 3 of whom had cleft lips and palates were evaluated retrospectively. Seven patients had bimaxillary procedures. Cephalometric radiographs were taken preoperatively, immediately after operation and at least six months later. The mean maxillary advancement in the horizontal direction was 3.7 mm. The radiographs were traced and the results were subjected to a statistical analysis. No significant relapse was found. PMID- 3910757 TI - Allogeneic bone transplantation. PMID- 3910758 TI - Determination of theophylline in saliva, using fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA). AB - Theophylline concentrations were determined by fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) in saliva, serum and serum water of healthy volunteers and outpatients after administration of single theophylline doses, and after the administration of several doses in order to establish a steady state. The FPIA allowed rapid and reliable theophylline determinations in saliva and serum water (between-days coefficients of variation: less than 3%; recovery: 95-03%). Salivary theophylline concentrations measured by FPIA in 30 samples agreed well with those determined by HPLC. Furthermore the results obtained by ultrafiltration for the concentration of unbound theophylline in serum water were in good agreement with those determined by ultracentrifugation. The binding of theophylline by serum protein rose by about 25%, when the pH of the samples was increased from 7.0 to 8.0. After adjusting the pH to 7.4, average values for theophylline binding to proteins at 25 degrees C ranged from 48.5 to 52.2% in serum samples from outpatients and healthy adults. Salivary theophylline concentrations correlated well with total and free serum theophylline concentrations in healthy adults and outpatients (r = 0.90-0.98). The theophylline concentration in saliva was on average about 20-30% higher than the unbound theophylline concentration in serum water. The saliva/serum concentration ratio of theophylline showed some intersubject variation (0.68 +/- 0.08; range: 0.50-0.85). Using the mean saliva/serum concentration ratio of the patient group, steady state serum theophylline concentrations were predicted from salivary levels with a mean error of 7.6% (range: 0.0-26.8%). The salivary theophylline concentration appears to be a suitable parameter for assessment of compliance, for identification of patients with inappropriate dosage, and for consequent dosage adjustment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3910759 TI - Serum thyroglobulin concentrations in the first weeks of life as measured with an immunoluminometric assay. AB - In addition to the determination of thyrotropin (TSH) on the 5th day of life as a screening parameter for congenital hypothroidism, serum thyroglobulin concentrations were first measured with a commercially available immunoradiometric assay in those cases presenting with elevated thyrotropin levels. As this thyroglobulin assay required at least 400 microliter serum for a duplicate determination, it was decided to employ a sensitive immunoluminometric assay (detection limit 50 amol/tube) instead, the amount of serum needed being reduced to 100 microliter, the sensitivity to under 3 micrograms/l. We describe the serum thyroglobulin concentrations determined by the immunoluminometric assay in both cord and venous blood and in both full-term and pre-term babies divided into 4 main groups with respect to thyroid function. The criteria for the groups with thyroid dysfunction were determined as a result of a) isolated thyrotropin elevation measured in the dry blood spot test (thyrotropin above 4 mU/l), b) lowered thyroxine:thyroxine binding globulin ratio together with elevated thyrotropin both prior to and under substitution with L-thyroxine. In full-term babies thyroglobulin levels in serum fell steadily over the first months of life. The same effect was seen in pre-term babies. The effect of L-thyroxine on the suppression of serum thyroglobulin levels appeared to be dose-dependent, as newborns from experimental criterium group a) (defined above) showed no suppression of serum thyroglobulin levels when under partial substitution with L thyroxine (median 84 micrograms/l), whereas those in group b), i.e. with full L thyroxine substitution showed a noticeable suppression of serum thyroglobulin (median 27 micrograms/l). PMID- 3910760 TI - A simple routine method for SDS-electrophoresis of urinary proteins in kidney transplant patients. AB - The molecular weight analysis of urinary proteins can provide useful diagnostic information. For this purpose a routine method of sodium dodecylsulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-electrophoresis) is described. The main problem in the introduction of this method into the clinical laboratory lies in the availability of "ready-to-use" electrophoresis gels with good and reproducible quality. A device for gel production is therefore described, which is easily constructed from plastic package materials. Polyacrylamide gels are made batch-wise and in advance. They are suitable for various types and techniques of horizontal electrophoresis. Further, a method for analysis of urinary proteins is described, which permits the simultaneous analysis of 22 unconcentrated urine samples within a 3-hour-electrophoresis run. A specially optimized Coomassie blue staining method (overnight) ensures detection of proteins in the concentration range of milligrams per litre. Electrophoretic analyses were documented by photocopying the finished electrophoresis gels. PMID- 3910761 TI - Tuberculous splenic abscess in a patient with acute myeloblastic leukemia. PMID- 3910762 TI - Sexuality and fertility among spinal cord and/or cauda equina injuries. PMID- 3910763 TI - Pharmacokinetics of lymphocyte-derived and recombinant DNA-derived interleukin-2 after intravenous administration to patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. AB - Intravenous infusions of 250,000 U of lymphocyte-derived or recombinant DNA derived interleukin-2 (IL-2) were administered to patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, and sera were obtained for pharmacokinetic studies. A methodology was developed for the determination of serum levels of interleukin-2, which resulted in a coefficient of variation of less than 8% and a sensitivity 32 fold greater than that of the traditional methodology using probit analysis of half-maximal stimulation. In addition to the previously described rapid clearance of IL-2, a later phase of interleukin-2 clearance with a half-life greater than 90 min was observed; bioactive interleukin-2 remained in the circulation for several hours after infusion. PMID- 3910764 TI - Mismatched bone marrow transplantation in children with hematologic malignancy using T lymphocyte depleted bone marrow. AB - Twenty children with hematologic malignancies were treated with bone marrow transplantation using histoincompatible donor marrow depleted of T lymphocytes. CT-2 and complement were used to deplete the T lymphocytes. Engraftment was not a major problem in those receiving increased pre- and posttransplant immunosuppression. Five of the 20 children are currently alive and disease-free. Complications in the other children included engraftment problems, cyclosporin toxicity, infections, and bleeding. However, for most children, durable engraftment was seen. Thus, the nonavailability of histocompatible donors is no longer a contraindication to allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for those at high risk of relapse. PMID- 3910765 TI - Occupational mass psychogenic illness. History, prevention, and management. AB - Occupational mass psychogenic illness is a poorly understood phenomenon that is probably underreported in the literature. Several recent outbreaks illustrate the main features, including explosive onset usually triggered by a physicochemical stimulus; disproportionate involvement of relatively uneducated, low-paid women who perform highly routine tasks; diverse symptoms with scarcity of physical signs or laboratory findings; frequent absence of usual symptoms caused by the putative contaminant; recurrences in affected individuals when they congregate; and benign morbidity and lack of sequelae. Inappropriate handling of these outbreaks can lead to prolonged employee disability and disrupted production. Though the etiology of epidemic psychogenic illness often remains uncertain, a sufficient body of knowledge exists to plan a rational prevention and management program. PMID- 3910766 TI - The effect of captopril on autonomic reflexes in human hypertension. AB - The effects of acute administration of captopril on heart rate, blood pressure and physiological responses to head-up tilt, hand-grip, exercise and Valsalva manoeuvre were studied in 25 hypertensive subjects (10 untreated, 15 previously treated). After chronic administration for 8-12 weeks the effect on heart rate, blood pressure and the response to head-up tilt were studied again in 15 of these subjects. After the first dose of captopril (0.5 mg/kg), both systolic and diastolic blood pressures fell significantly, with no change in heart rate. Head up tilting produced a significant increase in heart rate without any alteration in the blood pressure; hand-grip produced a significant increase in heart rate and blood pressure. These responses and exercise-induced tachycardia were unaltered by captopril. There was a significant reduction in the Valsalva ratio. After chronic administration the hypotensive efficacy was maintained for 10-12 h after the last dose, suggesting that twice daily dosage may be sufficient. There was a significant reduction in the basal supine heart rate by captopril. Head-up tilt produced the same physiological changes as in the acute study. These findings suggest that captopril has a vagotonic effect, possibly associated with resetting of baroceptor mechanisms. This could be one explanation for the hypotensive effect of captopril even in low-renin states. PMID- 3910767 TI - Clinical use of non-invasive ambulatory blood pressure recording. PMID- 3910768 TI - The influence of food intake on pharmacodynamics and plasma concentration of captopril. AB - The influence of food intake on the acute haemodynamic and humoral effects of captopril has been investigated. Eighteen patients with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension (diastolic blood pressure 95-115 mmHg) were treated in a randomized crossover study with a single oral dose of 25 mg captopril after 2 weeks of placebo. They were randomized to receive captopril either 1 h before or together with a standardized breakfast. Blood pressure, heart rate and plasma concentrations of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin II (ANG II) and captopril were measured before and every 30 min up to 4 h after drug administration. Angiotensin converting enzyme was significantly more suppressed and plasma concentrations of captopril were significantly higher when the drug was given in the fasting patients. However, there was no significant difference in blood pressure reduction whether captopril was administered in the fasting patients or together with food. The results indicate that the antihypertensive efficacy of captopril is not markedly affected when the drug is administered with food. PMID- 3910769 TI - Acute effect of captopril on single kidney glomerular filtration rate in arterial hypertension. AB - Recent studies have reported that captopril can acutely induce a marked decrease of glomerular filtration rate in kidneys affected by renal artery stenosis, an effect detectable by scintigraphic techniques. Experience which confirms and extends this observation, obtained in five patients with renovascular hypertension, is reported here. For comparison, eight essential hypertensives and six patients with non-vascular unilateral renal diseases were studied. In each patient the ratio of glomerular filtration rate between the two kidneys was estimated during two consecutive scintigraphic studies with the glomerular tracer 99mTc-DTPA: in all renovascular patients captopril induced a marked decrease of glomerular filtration rate on the affected side, whereas negligible changes were observed in all other subjects. These results confirm that captopril may almost completely suppress glomerular filtration in kidneys affected by unilateral renal artery stenosis, an effect which may not be apparent clinically because of compensation by the other kidney, but which is scintigraphically detectable. Renal scintigraphy after captopril is easy to perform and non-invasive. It therefore seems to be a promising tool for the screening of renovascular hypertension. PMID- 3910770 TI - Does captopril reduce renal function in renovascular disease by postglomerular vasodilatation? AB - In hypertensive patients with bilateral renal artery stenosis (RAS) or RAS of a solitary kidney, reversible decrease of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) or acute renal failure has been observed following captopril administration. Decrease of GFR has been ascribed to preferential efferent vasodilatation. To test this hypothesis, acute changes of mean arterial pressure (MAP), renal plasma flow (RPF), GFR, plasma renin activity (PRA) and PGE2-excretion after 50 mg captopril orally were measured in post-transplant hypertensives with and without transplant renal artery stenosis (TRAS) during treatment with diuretics. The fall in MAP was similar in both groups; RPF did not change significantly; GFR decreased from 58 +/- 14 (s.d.) to 49 +/- 14 ml/min (TRAS, n = 8) and from 60 +/- 15 to 50 +/- 16 ml/min (without TRAS, n = 8). There was no evidence of postglomerular dilatation in patients with TRAS, and filtration fraction decreased only in patients without TRAS. Increase of PRA after captopril was not significantly different between the two groups. PGE2-excretion did not change significantly. In one patient with severe TRAS, long term angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition and acute normalization of MAP with sodium nitroprusside both induced a comparable decrease of GFR. The results demonstrate that acute postglomerular vasodilatation does not necessarily occur after ACE inhibition in patients with TRAS and a high-renin state. PMID- 3910771 TI - Long-term captopril therapy at low doses reduces albumin excretion in patients with essential hypertension and no sign of renal impairment. AB - The aim of the present study was to evaluate changes in urinary micro-albumin and in serum and urinary beta 2-microglobulin during treatment with captopril at low doses in a group of hypertensive outpatients without any sign of renal impairment. Thirty-four patients with essential hypertension entered the study, all having been treated for at least one year with beta-blockers and diuretics. None had proteinuria (by Albustix) and creatinine clearance was normal. The patients were randomly allocated to two groups: the first group was maintained on the previous regimen (group BD) and the second received captopril 50 mg twice daily instead of the beta-blocker (group CD). During the year of observation blood pressure values and serum and urinary beta 2-microglobulin were not significantly different between the two groups. There was, however, a significant reduction in albumin excretion rate (AER) in the CD group at both 3 and 6 months. Since arterial measures did not differ between the two groups, it is proposed that the reduction of AER was due to a diminution of the transcapillary hydraulic pressure due to the inhibition of the intrarenal angiotensin II induced by captopril. PMID- 3910772 TI - Ergometric evaluation of the effects of captopril in hypertensive patients with stable angina. AB - The antihypertensive and anti-ischaemic effects of methyldopa and captopril were compared in 12 hypertensive patients with coronary artery disease. The antihypertensive effect of alpha-methyldopa (A) and captopril (C) were significant and similar. On the other hand, while methyldopa did not increase the product of systolic pressure and heart rate and did decrease the effort-induced S T segment depression, C increased the double product (DP) and decreased the ischaemic S-T changes. Captopril might be useful in the treatment of hypertensive patients with coronary artery disease. PMID- 3910773 TI - Captopril in the treatment of hypertension in type I and type II diabetic patients. AB - Ten type I and 10 type II hypertensive diabetic patients were treated for 12 weeks with captopril (50 mg twice daily). Good control of blood pressure was achieved without any significant adverse effect on carbohydrate metabolism or renal haemodynamics and without evidence of glomerular or tubular damage. PMID- 3910774 TI - Treatment of essential hypertension with captopril in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. AB - The effects of captopril have been studied in 10 patients suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with moderate essential hypertension. Captopril was given as monotherapy (75-100 mg/day) over a period of 60 days. The following effects of captopril were seen in these patients: a significant reduction of systolic blood pressure (P less than 0.01) and of diastolic blood pressure (P less than 0.001), both in the supine and in the standing position; a significant increase of the vital capacity (P less than 0.05); no significant change in other various respiratory function tests or of heart rate, and no side effects, including bronchospasm in the patients sensitive to bronchodilator drugs. The present data suggest that in COPD patients with essential hypertension, captopril is an effective hypotensive agent and has no adverse effects in pulmonary function. PMID- 3910775 TI - Captopril as a replacement for multiple therapy in hypertension: a controlled study. AB - A controlled study was conducted in hypertensive patients to investigate whether captopril can be substituted for the various other antihypertensive drugs (not including diuretics) to reduce side effects and improve the quality of life. Captopril in a twice daily dose of 25-50 mg, was substituted and titrated in 54 patients. Fifty-two patients, matched by age and sex, comprised the control group, and were treated with a variety of agents. During a follow-up of 9 months, 44 of the patients receiving captopril (81%) achieved the goal of supine blood pressure less than 90 mmHg. Captopril was discontinued in two patients due to side effects. Mild proteinuria was observed in two patients. A significant reduction in scores or rates of side effects (numbness, blurred vision, insomnia, vivid dreams, cold extremities, sleepiness, sexual dysfunction and fatigue) and improvement in quality of life (general feeling, mood and concentration) was observed in the study group compared with the control group. Captopril alone in a twice daily dose of 25-50 mg, or in co-treatment with thiazide, provided sustained blood pressure control with minimal side effects and improvement in quality of life compared with the treatment of hypertension with beta-blockers, vasodilators or methyldopa. PMID- 3910776 TI - Decision-making in the development of new drugs. AB - The main decisions concerning the development of new drugs are taken by the drug producer, the prescriber, the drug regulator and the patient. The decisions taken by each party are different, although their aims are similar--to obtain safer and more effective therapy. These proposals are discussed in relation to antihypertensive drug therapy, but the underlying principles are similar for any therapeutic area. The producer must decide whether to be innovative, to cross license another manufacturer's preparation, or to manufacture a 'me-too' drug. The prescriber must decide whether to treat the hypertensive patient and, if so, whether to use an established or a new drug. The regulator's decisions are constrained by the laws of the country in which he works and are concerned with safety, quality and efficacy of the product. The final arbiter is the patient, whose decisions are determined more by adverse effects than efficacy. PMID- 3910777 TI - The treatment of hypertension and quality of life. PMID- 3910778 TI - LSD in retrospect. PMID- 3910779 TI - Re-creational uses of LSD. PMID- 3910780 TI - LSD hallucinations: from ergot to electric kool-aid. PMID- 3910781 TI - LSD and psychotherapy. AB - A review of the historical trends in LSD research clearly indicates that LSD and similar drugs are too powerful and unique in their psychological effects to be mistaken for and studied as just another group of psychotropic compounds. The importance of the theoretical understanding and expectations of the researchers in determining the subjective effects and results of LSD treatment is undeniable. In addition, double-blind controlled studies have been demonstrated to be an inappropriate methodology for studying LSD, because it is not feasible to create an effective blind for LSD with either an active or inactive placebo. It must be realized that when attempting to scientifically study such ephemeral and easily influenced processes as those involving human consciousness, methods of study may influence the process and outcome of the research. In 1937 Werner Heisenberg demonstrated the uncertainty principle in relation to any attempt to measure with accuracy the minute processes of electrons in the atom. One must consider the possibility that current tools and methods for studying the effects of LSD are presently so crude as to demonstrate a similar uncertainty principle in LSD research: The methods of measuring actually influence the process under study to such a degree that the results that are garnered are primarily the effects of attempts at measurement. The continuing crisis in psychiatric and psychological treatment demands that the most powerful of the psychoactive drugs cannot simply be shelved and forgotten. The need is too strong to advance knowledge of the role and function of the human mind in health and disease. LSD and similar drugs hold a tremendous promise for humankind if only ways can be found to further understanding of how to use them responsibly and appropriately. Perhaps other societies that have integrated these substances into the very fabric of their social order may offer models. As Silberman (1970) has written: "No approach is more impractical than one which takes the present arrangements and practices as given, asking only 'How can we do what we are doing more effectively?' or 'How can we bring the worst institutions up to the level of the best?' These questions need to be asked to be sure; but one must also realize that best may not be good enough and may, in any case, already be changing." PMID- 3910782 TI - Dream becomes nightmare: adverse reactions to LSD. PMID- 3910783 TI - The first of the best. PMID- 3910784 TI - Improving survival in the very young renal transplant recipient. AB - Sixty-one patients ranging in age from 6 weeks to 30 months have undergone renal transplantation over a 19-year period. The overall survival is 80% with a 90% survival in those patients transplanted since 1980 (41 patients). Seventy-five percent of the original allografts have survived with 83% of the last 41 allografts surviving. The unique challenges presented by the very young renal transplant recipient are outlined along with those aspects of management felt to be most important in ensuring a successful outcome. PMID- 3910785 TI - Sarcomas of the vagina and uterus: the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study. AB - During a 12-year period (1972-1984), 43 patients with sarcomas of the female genital tract were admitted to the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study (IRS), including 31 with primary tumors of the vagina; and 12 with tumors of the uterus, including the cervix. Thirty-four of these can be evaluated on the basis of periods of observation from 18 months to 12 years. Primary tumors of the uterus were a distinct group, distinguished from those arising in the vagina by patient age-range and probably by prognosis, as well as site. Patients with vaginal tumors, with a mean age of 1.8 years, responded to a multimodality approach employing combinations of chemotherapy (vincristine sulfate and actinomycin D, or the aforementioned two drugs with cyclophosphamide +/- doxorubicin hydrochloride), irradiation, and/or surgery, with only one tumor-related death, among 24 evaluable patients. In contrast, among the patients with primary uterine tumors, in which the mean age was greater than 14 years, four of ten evaluable patients died secondary to tumor relapse or progression. PMID- 3910786 TI - Early excision of major burns in children: effect on morbidity and mortality. AB - The advantage of early excision and grafting in the treatment of limited full thickness burns has been clearly established. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the role of early burn wound excision in major pediatric burns. Of the 470 pediatric burn admissions between 1979 and 1984 that were reviewed, 53 patients met the criteria of deep second or third degree burns greater than 25% total body surface area (TBSA). Of these, 20 had burn wound excision within 7 days (Early) and 33 had delayed excision and grafting (Late). The Early group, despite having greater transfusion requirements (69.4 v 36.2 cc/kg), had shorter hospital stays (35.3 v 49.1 d, P less than 0.05), fewer metabolic complications (20% v 79%, P less than 0.001), and less burn wound contamination (55% v 90%, P less than 0.01) than the Late group. Mortality was lower in the Early group (0% v 12%), but this was not statistically significant. Early excision and grafting are therefore recommended in the care of major burns in children. PMID- 3910787 TI - Modified injury severity scale and concurrent steroid therapy: independent correlates of negative nitrogen balance in pediatric trauma. AB - Twelve well-nourished children with multiple trauma were separately grouped by the presence or absence of a head injury and associated steroid treatment. They were studied to determine the impact of the severity of overall injury (measured by MISS), neurologic injury (measured by GCS), and steroid administration on total urinary nitrogen excretion. All six children with significant head injury received steroids. Nitrogen loss was higher in more severely injured patients. Severity of overall injury was similar in the steroid and nonsteroid treated groups. The nitrogen loss in head-injured patients treated with steroids was significantly greater (P less than 0.001) than in the nonsteroid-treated patients. PMID- 3910789 TI - Surface topography of the cavosurface enamel bevel following acid etching in primary teeth. PMID- 3910788 TI - Functional disorders of the stomatognathic system: Part II--A review. PMID- 3910790 TI - The clinical value of measurements of the symphysis-fundus distance and ultrasonic measurements of the biparietal diameter in the diagnosis of intrauterine growth retardation. AB - The diagnostic efficiency in the prediction of intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) of repeated measurements of the symphysis-fundus (SF) distance and repeated ultrasonic measurements of the biparietal diameter (BPD) was investigated in 377 pregnancies, all at risk for IUGR. Measurements of the SF distance were found to be more effective than ultrasonic BPD measurements for antenatal diagnosis of IUGR. For every correct diagnosis there were three false positive when using SF measurements and ten when using ultrasonic BPD measurements. When the SF method is used, repeated ultrasonic BPD measurements add very little information. The SF curve is a very simple and inexpensive method and should be used as a screening instrument for severe IUGR. When the SF curve is assessed as pathological, ultrasonic measurements also including other fetal dimensions than only BPD are recommended as a way of diagnosing IUGR. PMID- 3910791 TI - Reduced colonization of newborns with group B streptococci following washing of the birth canal with chlorhexidine. AB - Possible measures for prevention of neonatal group B streptococcal (GBS) septicemia include active or passiv immunoprophylaxis and administration of penicillin to mothers and infants. In a previous study we have found GBS to be extremely sensitive to chlorhexidine. Furthermore vaginal washing with chlorhexidine diminished the recovery of GBS from parturients. In order to study the effect of chlorhexidine washing upon the colonization of newborns, a study group of chronic GBS carriers, i.e. women who were GBS positive in the 32-36 gestational week as well as during labor was selected. In 18 of these females chlorhexidine washing was performed prior to delivery while 33 chronic carriers served as controls. Screening during labor was performed in 945 consecutive patients. Cultures were collected from the external ear, throat and umbilicus of all infants within 5 minutes of birth and at day 4 of life. At birth 22% of the infants of the chlorhexidine washed mothers were colonized with GBS, in contrast to 52% of the infants from the chronic GBS carriers (p less than 0.05). The proportion of infants harboring GBS at day 4 were similar in the two groups (Tab. I). Among the 945 consecutively screened women, 164 harbored GBS and 54 (33%) of their 164 infants were colonized at birth. The colonization rate of the infants from chronic GBS carriers was significantly higher, 17 of 33 infants (p less than 0.05). This may reflect that the risk of contracting GBS by infants increases with the quantity of GBS in the birth channel.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3910792 TI - Perinatal aspects of pregnancy complicated by fetal ovarian cyst. AB - Fetal ovarian cyst was diagnosed by antenatal ultrasonic examination in eight pregnancies. In one case the cyst was antenatally twisted and necrotic, and the pregnancy resulted in premature birth during the 34th week. The other cases had clinically normal antenatal courses. One cyst ruptured at birth. The clinical condition of this and all the other neonates was good. Three of the neonates were managed surgically and five by conservative follow-up with repeated ultrasonic examinations. Cystic tumors of these infants disappeared without clinical complications in the subsequent six months. An ovarian etiology for cystic pelvic tumor of a female fetus should be considered. Conservative treatment after birth is possible in many cases with spontaneous involution likely during the first months of life. PMID- 3910793 TI - Cranial ultrasonography in the evaluation of neonatal intracranial hemorrhage and its complications. PMID- 3910794 TI - Ultrasonic measurement of the growth of fetal limb bones in normal pregnancy. AB - From sonographic measurements, normal curves for the fetal growth of extremity bones (humerus, ulna, radius, femur, tibia) were established. They are based on 40 measurements for each bone weekly between the 17th and 41st gestational week. Tabs. II and III summarize the data. Figs. 4-8 furnish the smoothened normal curves for 10th, 50th and 90th percentile. Values for the 14-16 and the 42nd week were extrapolated from the results and the course of the curves. A comparison of sonographic measurements with findings from dissected stillborn fetuses (Tab. I) demonstrated an accuracy of the sonographic measurements of +/- 2 mm. We established that the radius is significantly shorter than the ulna (Figs. 1 and 2) whereas tibia and fibula are of identical length (Fig. 3). The growth rate of the femur throughout pregnancy is greater than that of the other bones. The mathematical correlation between pregnancy duration and length of bones is best described by polynomial formulas (Tabs. IV and V), because the growth rate declines from 4 mm per week in early mid-trimester to 1 mm per week toward the end of the third trimester. A comparison with other published data shows the values in the current study to be within the range of variability of these publications. Sonographic measurements of extremity bones are suitable for determining gestational age. PMID- 3910795 TI - Improvement of bioavailability of poorly absorbed drugs. IV. Mechanism of the promoting effect of medium chain glyceride on the rectal absorption of water soluble drugs. AB - The mechanisms of the promoting effect of medium chain glyceride (MCG) containing glyceryl mono-, di- and tri-caprylate on rectal absorption of water soluble drugs were investigated. It was found that the solubility behavior of the drugs in mucosal fluids on the surface of the membrane are critical factor for the enhanced rectal absorption. Moreover, the drugs to be readily absorbed from MCG base may be ones of low partition coefficients to MCG phase as well as high solubility in water. And it was found that MCG can't be absorbed from the rectum, different from oral administration, suggesting an interaction of MCG with absorption membrane, rather than the carrier effect of MCG itself. Furthermore, from the results in the pretreatment experiments and additional administration of MCG alone, it was suggested that the interactions of MCG with the membrane components, as well as the induction of biological or physiological changes, may be at least partly responsible for the promoting effect of MCG. PMID- 3910796 TI - Kinetics of bactericidal activity of aminoglycosides during dynamic dilution. AB - The time courses for viable microorganism count after addition of aminoglycosides were investigated in exponentially decreasing concentrations in in vitro using a continuous flow culture system. When aminoglycosides were added to the incubation medium containing Escherichia coli, the growth rate began to decrease after a lag phase and recovered gradually after the concentration fell below its effective level. To simulate this time course, the following equation including the retardation function was proposed; (Formula: see text) where N is the number of viables, ko is the generation rate constant, kd is the dilution rate constant, Pc is the bactericidal coefficient per unit concentration characteristic to the individual antibiotic, kr is the reciprocal of the retardation time and Co is the initial concentration of the antibiotic. Pc and kr were calculated using the nonlinear least square method and the calculated time course agreed with the observed experimental data indicating the appropriateness of this equation. Pc has a negative relationship to the minimum inhibitory concentration for six aminoglycosides studied, kanamycin, amikacin, kanamycin B, tobramycin, dibekacin and habekacin. The values of kr ranged between 3.12 X 10(-2) to 6.40 X 10(-2) min 1 and are thought to correlate with the mechanism of antibiotic actions. PMID- 3910797 TI - Relationship between enkephalinase inhibition of thiorphan in vivo and its analgesic activity. AB - The relationship between enkephalinase inhibition by thiorphan in vivo and analgesic activity in nociceptive tests was studied. The analgesic activity of thiorphan in various nociceptive tests was compared with that of a narcotic analgesic, morphine and antipyretic analgesic, antipyrine. Tail-flick test revealed that thiorphan applied intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) or intraperitoneally (i.p.) in rats markedly potentiated the analgesic activity of [D-Ala2, Met5]-enkephalin administered i.c.v. The amount of thiorphan in the mouse brain and the fragments of Met-enkephalin degraded by brain homogenate were assayed after intraperitoneal administration of 300 mg/kg thiorphan. The concentration of thiorphan in the brain arised to 18.2 +/- 2.4 nmol/g brain 30 min after intraperitoneal administration of thiorphan and then it quickly disappeared from the brain. As to the fragments of Met-enkephalin degraded by brain homogenate after i.p. administration of thiorphan, the concentration of tyrosine and tyrosyl-glycine (Tyr-Gly) was the same as that of the vehicle control, whereas only the amount of tyrosyl-glycyl-glycine (Tyr-Gly-Gly) decreased to 21.5% of the control value after 30 min, and then it recovered to 75% after 180 min. Thus, thiorphan inhibited enkephalinase activity alone demonstrating selective activity. Thiorphan at doses of 30-300 mg/kg demonstrated analgesic activity in the nociceptive tests of acetic acid writhing, hot-plate and tail-flick, whereas it did not have any activity in the tail-pinch test. Morphine showed analgesic activity in the four nociceptive tests employed. Antipyrine showed analgesic activity in three nociceptive tests but not in the tail-flick test. The dose response curves for morphine and antipyrine were parallel. The slope of the dose response curve for thiorphan, however, was shallower than those for two reference analgesics used. The role of main enkephalin degrading enzymes in the brain was discussed with respect to the analgesic action of thiorphan and its concentration in the brain. PMID- 3910798 TI - [Purification and regulation of forms of cytochrome P-450 present specifically in liver microsomes of male and female rats]. PMID- 3910799 TI - [New methods for synthesis of trifluoromethyl compounds directed for medicinal applications]. PMID- 3910800 TI - [Interactions between lectins and microorganisms. 1. Determination of the rate of agglutination by measurement of extinction: agglutination of yeast cells (Saccharomyces cerevisiae H155) by concanavalin A]. AB - A simple photometric method for the determination of the agglutination rate of cells by lectins in a continuously stirred suspension is presented. Besides the agglutination rate the method allows the estimation of an average degree of agglutination, i.e. the number of cells per aggregate. The influence of the Con A concentration, cell number, temperature, and pH on the agglutination rate of Saccharomyces cerevisiae H155 have been studied. The results are of good reproducibility and, therefore, the methods is suitable to describe interactions between cell-bound receptors and receptor-specific proteins, e.g. lectins and antibodies. PMID- 3910801 TI - Rapid yeast DNA staining method for flow cytometry. AB - The variation of the fluorescence intensity of olivomycin-stained yeast cells as a function of the concentration of olivomycin, NaCl, and MgCl2 in the staining solution was studied. The best results were obtained when the staining solution contained 100 micrograms, olivomycin/ml, 40 mM MgCl2, and 1 M NaCl. A staining time of 12 min was sufficient for proper staining. PMID- 3910802 TI - Nature and significance of microbial cometabolism of xenobiotics. AB - Microbial cometabolism, i.e. "transformation of a non-growth substrate in the obligate presence of a growth substrate or another transformable compound" (Dalton and Stirling 1982) is a whole-cell phenomenon physiologically based on coupling of different catabolic pathways at the cellular level. It is frequently observed in transformation of xenobiotic non-growth substrates by individual microbial species. Transformation processes of this type are usually mediated by appropriate non-specific enzymes of the peripheric cellular metabolism able to modify a variety of substances other than their natural substrates. The precise mechanisms of coupling between metabolism of xenobiotic non-growth substrates and of particular additional carbon substrates may be different depending on the substrates and the microbial species involved. However, experimental data indicate that the primary function of the respective additional carbon substrates is to supply either energy, cofactors or metabolites for the different cellular events involved in the transformation process (e.g. uptake of the xenobiotic non growth substrate, functioning of appropriate degradative enzymes of the peripheric cellular metabolism). Cometabolism of xenobiotics involves nothing special or novel from the standpoint of biochemistry. On the contrary, there are numerous examples where the turnover of particular natural compounds by certain aerobic or anaerobic microorganisms is essentially based on coupling of different catabolic pathways at the cellular level by transfer of hydrogen (i.e. reducing power) and/or energy between two or more enzymatic reactions. Synthetic chemicals which resist total degradation by individual microbial species may undergo mineralization due to complementary catabolic sequences mediated by certain multispecies microbial associations with cometabolic transformations being the initial steps. Although taking place in certain natural habitats (e.g. rhizospheres, sewage), microbial cometabolism of xenobiotics in natural ecosystems occurs with slow rates since the respective cometabolizing populations are generally small and will not increase in number or biomass in response to the introduced chemicals. However, under conditions of axenic microbial cultures, high concentrations of biomass, and appropriate substrate mixtures cometabolism of synthetic chemicals may be a useful technique of considerable practical importance to accumulate biochemical products at high yields. In addition, cometabolic capabilities of wild-type microorganisms may serve as a tool for the construction of microbial strains with a new degradative potential for recalcitrant xenobiotic compounds. PMID- 3910803 TI - Comparative clinical study of enfenamic acid and aspirin in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 3910804 TI - Necrotising fasciitis (a report of 5 cases). PMID- 3910805 TI - Emotional influences on breathing and breathlessness. PMID- 3910806 TI - Cardiovascular response as a function of predisposition, coping behavior and stimulus type. AB - The present study investigated cardiovascular responses to three different laboratory stressors in either low or high heart rate reactors. It was predicted that there would be stimulus specific responses for either a mild pressure pain, mental arithmetic, or projective test stimulus. Mild pain was to reflect a passive coping condition, and mental arithmetic an active one while the projective test was to represent an ambiguous stimulus condition permitting idiosyncratic behavioral responding. Blood pressure and heart rate responses revealed the predicted small response to mild pressure pain and the predicted stress response to mental arithmetic. Low and high heart rate reactors did not differ in response to mild pain or the projective task but differed greatly in response to the arithmetic task. The data further indicated that low heart rate reactors responded with a larger response in blood pressure and heart rate to the projective test than to the mental arithmetic, whereas the high heart rate reactors displayed an inverse pattern. Psychological trait or situational, behavioral variables failed to predict the physiological response. PMID- 3910807 TI - An overview of atopic dermatitis: toward a bio-behavioural integration. AB - Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, pruritic skin inflammation with suspected pathophysiological and psychological mechanisms. These factors are reviewed along with related treatment approaches. Current medical intervention for AD is palliative and only partially effective. Although encouraging, psychological treatment is not well developed and has not been adequately evaluated. It is concluded that multidisciplinary research is needed so that improved understanding and treatment of AD can be achieved. PMID- 3910808 TI - Stress and rheumatoid arthritis: a survey of empirical evidence in human and animal studies. AB - Literature concerning rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was reviewed with regard to the empirical evidence for the widely held view that the onset and course of the disease are influenced by stress variables. Human studies yielded contradictory results; there are at least two large well-controlled investigations that were not able to find a preponderance of life stress variables prior to the onset of the disease in RA patients compared to other patients or healthy subjects. Findings of animal studies are inconsistent, too: Some kinds of stress seem to abrogate, whereas others may rather enhance the development of rheumatic symptoms. Possible pathogenetic models are discussed to explain the influence of stress on the disease. For further research, the use of more sophisticated methods to assess life events, and prospective longitudinal studies in RA patients are suggested to find out whether stressful events antedate relapses. Such correlations should be examined for patients with seronegative and seropositive RA separately. PMID- 3910809 TI - [Neonatal ultrasonic detection of medullary nephrocalcinosis associated with Butler-Albright distal tubular acidosis. Apropos of a case]. AB - Butler-Albright's distal tubular acidosis was confirmed by ultrasound imaging in the neonatal period, image characteristics showing persistent medullary hyperechogenicity. This case is remarkable by the very early-stage diagnosis of the nephrocalcinosis. PMID- 3910810 TI - [Bone nocardiosis. Apropos of a case in a young child]. AB - Osteitis of the forearm due to Nocardia asteroides was noted in an 8 year old tunisian boy 14 months after an open fracture. This observation of direct inoculation of bone by Nocardia asteroides was atypical because of the remarkable nature of the hyperostotic reaction. PMID- 3910811 TI - [Diagnosis of renal, peri- and para-renal infections. Contribution of ultrasonics and x-ray computed tomography. Apropos of 10 cases]. AB - Principal signs and symptoms of renal parenchyma infections are discussed in relation to findings in 10 cases. Disorders studied were acute pyelonephritis and focal and bacterial acute nephritis, renal abscess and perinephritic phlegmon. Intravenous urography was only moderately sensitive (4/7) and of little specificity. Ultrasound imaging showed much greater sensitivity (8/10), undetected lesions being the earliest cases of severe acute pyelonephritis. The scanner was the most sensitive investigatory method since it associated anatomical and functional aspects in data obtained, justifying its initial use for certain authors. PMID- 3910812 TI - [Pseudotumoral and subacute pathology of the epididymis. Contribution of ultrasonics]. AB - Three patients presented with atypical subacute epididymal disorders diagnosed clinically as a scrotal tumor. Ultrasound imaging provided satisfactory morphologic data on lesions. Cold surgery was performed, either because of major functional disturbance (multiple epididymal abscesses) or because of doubt with respect to diagnosis (spermatic granuloma and epididymal hematoma). Castration was the final procedure in each case. Even though this surgical attitude appears logical because of the serious nature of the lesions, the revised clinical diagnosis provided by ultrasonography and the very good correlation between pathologic and ultrasonic findings should lead to a more eclectic therapeutic attitude in other cases. PMID- 3910813 TI - [Hematoma of the psoas. Comparative diagnostic contributions of ultrasonography and x-ray computed tomography]. AB - A 11 cases study of hematoma of the iliacus muscle underlines better results obtained by C.T. Scanner compared to those of ultrasonography examination in term of definite diagnoses. Comparison of density values and repeated examination were useful to assert diagnosis and to appreciate the course of the illness. Only C.T. Scanner was able to show which portion of the muscle was concerned. Authors correlated the C.T. Scanner results to the nature of the entrapment neuropathy clinically found: an isolated femoral nerve palsy or association with an obturator nerve dysfunction. PMID- 3910814 TI - [Acute intestinal invagination. Ultrasonic aspects]. AB - The sonographic pattern of an intussusception in a 21 months old child is reported. The value and the meaning of this pattern is discussed according clinical and anatomical presentation of intussusception. PMID- 3910815 TI - In memoriam: Albert Lee Russell, 1905-1985. PMID- 3910816 TI - The origin of the Volunteer Medical Staff Corps in 1885. PMID- 3910817 TI - The effects of insulin on hepatic glucocorticoid receptor content in the diabetic rat. AB - Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat liver was analyzed for glucocorticoid receptor (GR) content by saturation and Scatchard analysis. The hepatic GR content of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats was significantly decreased from a control level of 0.17 +/- .01 pmol/mg protein to 0.11 +/- .01 pmol/mg protein. Insulin replacement therapy to the diabetic rat dramatically increased the hepatic GR content to 0.26 +/- 0.02 pmol/mg protein as compared to the diabetic value of 0.11 +/- 0.01 pmol/mg protein. A time course study of GR content in the diabetic rat liver demonstrated that after an initial decrease in hepatic GR content at 14 days, the 25-day diabetic receptor level elevated back to control levels. A significant increase in GR content over controls was observed in the 110-day diabetic rats. These results suggest that insulin has a role in the regulation of hepatic GR content. PMID- 3910819 TI - Culture and storage of pig embryos. AB - Studies have consistently demonstrated that 4-cell pig embryos can be cultured to the blastocyst stage in a simple salt solution containing bovine serum albumin (BSA). Pig embryos appear to be detrimentally affected by lower levels of lactate and pyruvate than are mouse embryos, but in general their in-vitro requirements are similar. Results from embryos cultured between the 4-cell and blastocyst stages are consistent enough to allow the use of culture for the storage and shipment of pig embryos. However, results obtained after culture and transfer indicate a reduction in viability similar to that observed for cultured cattle and mice embryos. Embryos collected earlier than the 4-cell stage have been difficult to support in vitro beyond one or two cleavage divisions. Pig blastocysts may benefit from serum in their in-vitro environment: lamb, fetal calf and human serum supported continued development but pig serum was detrimental. There are conflicting reports on the efficacy of a more complete medium (Minimum Essential Medium) on the growth of pig embryos. Embryo culture will almost certainly contribute to the application of biotechnology to embryos by providing more appropriate environments for in-vitro manipulations and also, possibly, by providing a system for the early selection of desirable embryonic genotypes. PMID- 3910818 TI - Manipulation of gametes and embryos in the pig. AB - Several manipulation techniques including nuclear injections, nuclear transplantation, embryo splitting, chimaera production and sperm injection are discussed with special reference to their application in the pig. The nuclear injection technique is likely to be of greatest use for gene transfer. Gene transfer is feasible for pig embryos, but it is very inefficient. Efficiencies of various steps in the successful production of transgenic offspring as summarized from several published references are as follows: immediate survival of embryos following injection (60%), offspring produced from injected embryos (15%), offspring with an integrated foreign gene (24%) and offspring expressing the integrated foreign gene (60%). The overall efficiency is about 1%. Potential uses for nuclear transplantation are for the production of gynogenetic and androgenetic embryos and for cloning embryos. The feasibility of producing androgenetic and gynogenetic embryos will depend on whether in the pig, as in the mouse, the paternal and maternal genomes function differently. The feasibility of cloning by nuclear transplantation will depend upon the timing of developmental events in pig embryos and the development of methods for reprogramming nuclei. Pig embryos have been cloned by embryo splitting. Chimaera production and fertilization by sperm injection are likely to be feasible for pig embryos but have not yet found application. PMID- 3910820 TI - Effectiveness of genetic selection for prolificacy in pigs. AB - This paper attempts to summarize and discuss the new evidence on the effectiveness of selection for prolificacy. In recent years selection between lines, and the adoption of formal cross-breeding programmes, have led to considerable improvements at a commercial level. Within-line selection has not been tackled seriously except in a few experiments. The mainly negative results from these should not lead to the conclusion that progress is impossible, but rather that it needs larger resources, applied consistently for several generations, to overcome the inherent problems. There are now many estimates of genetic parameters, based on large data sets, and these have helped to clear up some of the confusion resulting from previous inadequate material. A heritability of around 0.1, repeatability of 0.15, and fairly high genetic correlations between successive records seem justified. The negative environmental effect of being reared in a large litter is frequently present, but there is no good reason why this should seriously affect attempts to improve the trait by selection. Information from a candidate's relatives other than its dam can undoubtedly increase the accuracy with which its breeding value is estimated, but the routine use of such data in practical programmes is not straightforward. Prolificacy is only one group of traits contributing to net economic worth. The need to strike a balance between all relevant traits is explored in the particular context of a scheme based on hyperprolific sows. Finally, selection can only have lasting and cumulative effectiveness if it is applied at the top of a pyramid of improvement. Both culling and selection of replacement gilts within the commercial sector are largely irrelevant. PMID- 3910821 TI - Influencing prolificacy of sows by selection for physiological factors. AB - The potential to improve prolificacy, with major emphasis on selection for components of litter size, ovulation rate and prenatal survival, and selection for physiological factors are reviewed. Response to selection for physiological factors is superior to direct selection if physiological factors have moderate heritabilities and moderate to high genetic correlations with the trait to be improved. There are very few estimates of the genetic parameters needed to calculate the relative efficiency of direct and indirect selection. Testis size is highly heritable and positively correlated genetically with ovulation rate in both mice and pigs and may be potentially useful in an index with litter size to improve ovulation rate and prenatal survival. Selection for growth, ovulation rate or litter size has increased ovulation rate in mice, but the physiological explanations are different. Selection for litter size in a line of pigs previously selected for ovulation rate was effective; the realized heritability was 0.18 +/- 0.06. Potential improvements in litter size from index selection for ovulation rate and prenatal survival are discussed and compared to direct selection for litter size. PMID- 3910822 TI - Selection of breeds, strains and individual pigs for prolificacy. AB - Prolificacy, defined as litter size at birth, is currently considered to be the most important component of sow productivity. However, in spite of a spectacular increase in productivity due to management advances, litter size at birth has remained constant for the past 20 years. This situation seems to question the long-term efficiency of the classical methods of genetic improvement such as within-herd selection and crossbreeding between European or American breeds. Some recent developments and research results suggest that one can be optimistic about the possibilities of increasing litter size in the near future. A survey of available breeds world-wide illustrates the important differences in average litter size (5-15 piglets), embryo mortality (15-40%) and heterosis (ranging from 5 to over 30%) on litter size. In particular the high prolificacy of some Chinese breeds can be used to speed up gentic progress in improving litter size either through systematic 3-way (3-4 additional piglets per litter in the F1 compared with European breeds) or 4-way crosses with Western breeds, or by developing composite lines selected for heritable traits such as growth rate and backfat thickness. The efficiency of this system might be improved by combining Chinese breeds with 'hyperprolific' western strains. When using Chinese breeds, special attention should be paid to the choice of the terminal boar, which should be as lean as possible, in order to produce acceptable carcasses for sale. Another potential solution would be to use modern computerized recording systems to detect extreme individuals and then to apply a strong selection intensity. Using this approach, it is then possible to develop a gene pool for prolificacy. Results obtained in France, Great Britain and Australia are encouraging. The expected progress is about 0.5 piglets per litter when strain selection is limited to one sex and about 1 piglet when it includes both sexes. Moreover, using crossbreeding, the heterosis effect seems to be cumulated with the genetic changes mentioned above. The computer can also be an aid in eliminating chromosomal translocations responsible for a reduction in prolificacy ranging from 5 to 50%. PMID- 3910823 TI - Nutrition and sow prolificacy. AB - Prolificacy has been defined as the number of viable piglets produced per year or per breeding lifetime. Prolificacy is influenced by age at first successful mating, ovulation rate and embryo survival at each mating, number of live born, viable pigs and the sow's ability to be successfully remated at regular intervals. It is concluded that under normal conditions of feeding and management nutrition will have a minimal influence on gilt prolificacy. However, to gain the advantages of a slightly younger age at puberty, maximal ovulation rate and an adequate fat cover (if only to ensure against subsequent poor management), gilts should be fed ad libitum up to the time of mating. Long-term performance is best served by minimizing fluctuations in live weight and fat reserves, so avoiding extremes of body condition and subsequent poor performance. This is achieved by small controlled increases in sow body weight during pregnancy and feeding to appetite for restricted periods each day during lactation. Assuming the sow has not achieved a very poor condition during lactation, feeding level during pregnancy will have little effect on numbers of piglets born, and only a limited influence on piglet birthweights. The conclusion that piglet birth weights will be influenced more by total pregnancy feed intake than pattern of feed distribution is unchallenged. Lactation feed intake is shown to have marked effects on the post-weaning performance, low-level feeding leading to an extension of the remating interval and possibly increasing embryo mortality. No benefit of high-level feeding after weaning is demonstrable, except possibly in primiparous sows or sows having suffered an extreme loss of liveweight and body condition during the previous lactation. PMID- 3910824 TI - Influence of light and photoperiodicity on pig prolificacy. AB - In the wild pig mating activity is seasonal. The main breeding period is in late autumn but a second period may occur around April. It is known from other species that seasonal variations in breeding activity are mainly regulated by photoperiod. In the domestic pig seasonal influences on prolificacy still exist: for example, AI boars not only show decreased steroid synthesis, sperm counts and libido in summer compared with the optima which occur in winter but also a biphasic pattern with a transient increase in spring. In cyclic sows ovarian function may be affected with anoestrus mainly in summer and occasionally in February/March. Additionally ovulation rate may be lower in summer and the duration of oestrus prolonged compared with that in late autumn and winter. In consequence the interval from weaning to oestrus is prolonged in summer and mating during this season leads to lower conception rates and slightly smaller litters. Light programmes which extend the daily light period to a constant 15-16 h seem to be ineffective in improving reproductive characteristics of the sow but stimulate the sucking frequency of piglets and increase survival of piglets with a low birthweight. Simulation, in summer, of the decreasing photoperiod (naturally occurring in autumn) stimulates the reproductive characteristics of AI boars, optimizing testicular steroid production, libido and semen composition. Similarly, a programme of decreasing light (20 min decrease/week) from May to August removed the seasonal increase (June-August) of the weaning-to-oestrus interval which was 5.7 days (compared with 23.6 days for the controls). An interaction between photoperiod and puberty attainment seems to exist for male and female pigs. Further experiments with appropriate light programmes, however, are necessary to clarify this interaction. PMID- 3910825 TI - Influence of environmental temperature on prolificacy of pigs. AB - Exposure of male and female pigs to elevated ambient temperatures can result in reduced reproductive efficiency. When boars and gilts are exposed to heat stress, respiratory rates increase to enhance evaporative cooling because minimal sweating occurs. During early pregnancy, gilts are especially susceptible to heat stress. Decreased conception rates and reduced litter size occur when gilts are exposed to elevated ambient temperature during Days 0 to 16 after mating. Concentrations of progesterone in peripheral plasma were reduced during Days 13 19 after mating and luteal function was extended to Day 25 in heat-stressed gilts that did not conceive. Increased concentrations of oestradiol during Day 10 to 12 of heat stress may interfere with normal maternal recognition of pregnancy. Heat stress reduced the amount of embryonic tissue present at Day 16 of pregnancy but the protein synthetic activity of the tissue was not altered. Thus some embryos may be lost and a reduction in litter size may occur. The production of oestrogen by the conceptus and uterus is not altered on Day 16, after exposure to heat stress for the previous 8 days. These studies suggest that heat stress during early pregnancy can alter the reproductive endocrine system, especially the control of luteal function. In addition, heat stress may have a direct effect on embryo or conceptus development. Exposure of boars to elevated ambient temperatures causes reductions in semen quality, sperm output and fertility. About 5 weeks are required for boars to recover from the detrimental effects of heat stress and to produce semen with potential for maximal fertility. Increased temperature has an inhibitory effect on spermatid maturation and on testicular androgen biosynthesis. Improvements in reproductive performance can be achieved by increasing evaporative cooling of boars. PMID- 3910827 TI - Effect of migration, distribution and spacing of pig embryos on pregnancy and fetal survival. AB - Pig embryos enter the uterus from the oviduct about 48 h after ovulation at about the 4-cell stage. They remain near the tip of the uterine horn until about Day 6 when they migrate towards the body of the uterus. By Day 9 some embryos have entered the horn opposite the one of origin and continue migrating until Day 12. At Day 12 embryos can no longer successfully move to a different site. The critical signal for recognition of pregnancy occurs at Day 12 at the same time that embryos are elongating at a rapid rate. The distribution of embryos throughout the length of the horns has occurred by this time and spacing accompanied by uterine growth takes place. The speed of migration is not influenced by the number of embryos but may be affected by secretions from the embryos acting on the uterus. A significant section of unoccupied uterus at Day 12 will prevent continuance of pregnancy regardless of the number of embryos present in the occupied section. When the number of embryos is so few as to not occupy the uterus fully, pregnancy will not continue. Removal of embryos from a significant section of the uterus after Day 14 does not stop an existing pregnancy. Embryos are spaced nearly equidistant from each other with the absolute space between fetuses dependent on the total uterine space available. The position of the fetus in the uterus affects the spacing between fetuses; fetuses at the tip of the horn before Day 25 have the greatest space with the space decreasing from the tip to the body.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3910826 TI - Control of pig reproduction in a breeding programme. AB - Important improvements in the management of sows have been made over the past 20 years in Europe and the U.S.A. Nevertheless, annual productivity varied between 15 and 25 piglets weaned per sow per year in France for 1983. Reasons for such a difference in productivity have been analysed quantitatively. Marked differences exist between herds in the genotype of pig used and in the age of puberty. Transportation acts as a stress stimulus and stimulates puberty attainment. However, there is variability in the occurrence of oestrus amongst different purchased batches of pigs. Recent endocrine results led to four phases in sexual maturation of gilts being distinguished (perinatal, infancy, activation and resting) and permitted a better understanding of the variation in the onset of puberty. After a lactation of 3 weeks or more, about 25% of primiparous sows did not return to oestrus within 1 week of weaning. Fertility of these sows with a delayed oestrus was 10% lower than in sows having a normal oestrus after weaning. The past 3 decades of research on control of ovulation have yielded positive results. However, there is no satisfactory method for the induction of puberty. One method used to regulate the oestrous cycle in gilts is treatment with a progestagen. This method is still available commercially in France. The close synchronization obtained with a progestagen treatment has led to the use of AI at fixed days (Days 6 and 7) in crossbred gilts but not for purebred gilts. Some environmental factors (e.g. male stimulation, age of gilts at treatment, diet and month of AI) have been analysed to evaluate their effects on farrowing rate and litter size. After weaning, a short treatment with a progestagen (20 mg/day) tends to improve the synchronization of oestrus (3-9 days), especially in primiparous sows. Farrowing rate and litter size are similar in treated sows and control sows. However, this technique does not permit fixed-time AI without detection of oestrus. Diagnosis of pregnancy was successful with ultrasound scanning. This technique can be performed 20 days after insemination if the sow is tied up during the examination and at 22 days if the sow is restrained in a retention box. From 22 days after mating, errors made for positive and negative diagnoses were less than 5%. These techniques contribute to a better control of reproduction in different management systems. PMID- 3910828 TI - Establishment of pregnancy and its immunological implications in the pig. AB - The consideration of the fetus as a semi-allograft by virtue of its paternally inherited histocompatibility antigens is generally accepted. Many hypotheses have been put forward to explain the immunological acceptance of the conceptus by the maternal immune system, but no single theory has proved to be adequate. Most studies so far have been carried out with laboratory rodents and men but corresponding investigations of farm animals and especially the pig are limited. Because striking differences exist between various species, e.g. with respect to the type of placentation, litter size, gestation time and hormone production, the relevance of studies in rodents and men for other species has to be established. This review examines, in the context of available information from other mammalian systems, whether the pig conceptus expresses and presents antigens to the maternal immune system, to what extent the sow recognizes and responds to these antigens, and, in the event of recognition, the mechanisms by which the conceptus avoids and exploits the consequences of histoincompatibility. PMID- 3910829 TI - How does embryo manipulation fit into present and future pig reproduction? AB - Available techniques for the collection and direct transplantation of pig embryos are simple and efficient and could be used for the expansion of new lines, for increasing selection pressure in nucleus herds and for extracting healthy stock from a diseased source. However, the reduced viability of pig embryos during culture in vitro and the inability as yet to preserve them by deep-freezing impose limits to the use of embryo transplantation for the export or import of potential breeding stock. The efficiency of breeding schemes could be improved by the sexing of embryos and the possibility of producing genetically identical twins or quadruplets by micromanipulation of embryos should improve the efficiency of animal experimentation. Chimaerism may be used to rescue embryos of a non-viable genotype such as parthenotes or those derived by hybridization, but the greatest revolution in pig breeding may be brought about by the introduction of foreign cloned genes into eggs and the production of transgenic animals. Eggs at an appropriate stage for microinjection may be provided in the future by techniques for the maturation and fertilization of oocytes in vitro. Animal breeders should be aware of the potential impact of techniques for the manipulation of eggs and embryos on future developments in animal production. PMID- 3910830 TI - Septic arthritis due to Nocardia brasiliensis. PMID- 3910831 TI - Further observations on Klebsiella molecular cross-reactivity in HLA-B27 positive persons. PMID- 3910833 TI - Systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatology and medical literature: current trends. AB - An attempt is made to see if any correlation exists between the prevalence of 13 selected rheumatic diseases and the number of literature entries concerning these disorders in 1974 and 1983. Entries on systemic lupus are broken down in detail. It is concluded that interest in autoimmune diseases, especially their immunology, appears healthy. Lower morbidity disorders with a large prevalence (osteoarthritis, fibrositis, gout) may be disproportionately under-investigated. Whether any correlation between funding levels and literature entries can be made is speculative. PMID- 3910832 TI - Evaluation of a computer based education lesson for patients with rheumatoid arthritis. AB - A computer based education (CBE) lesson was developed for patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and evaluated using a controlled experiment. There were statistically significant differences in the CBE group compared with controls in knowledge gained (p less than 0.01), improved outlook on life (p less than 0.01), hopefulness of a good prognosis (p less than 0.01), decreased belief in the role of luck or fate in determining their health (p less than 0.05) and reported increase in use of behaviors such as joint protection (p less than 0.02) and rest (p less than 0.05). The lesson was accepted and enjoyed by the patients. PMID- 3910834 TI - Detection of antinuclear ribonucleoprotein (nRNP) antibody producing cells in peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with mixed connective tissue disease. AB - Antinuclear ribonucleoprotein (nRNP) antibody forming cells were detected in pokeweed mitogen activated peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from 5 of 6 patients with mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) in the presence of rabbit antihuman IgG antiserum and guinea pig complement as hemolytic plaque forming cells (indirect PFC). In the absence of rabbit antihuman IgG antiserum, direct PFC were detected only in a case of PBL from the 6 patients. Although we have successfully detected mainly IgG anti-nRNP antibody forming cells in PBL from patients with MCTD, numbers of PFC did not correlate with the serum levels of IgG anti-nRNP determined by the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. PMID- 3910835 TI - Intravenous pulse methylprednisolone followed by alternate day corticosteroid therapy in lupus erythematosus: a prospective evaluation. AB - We explored the feasibility of using intravenous pulse methylprednisolone followed by alternate day steroids for treatment of active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in an attempt to avoid longterm daily steroid therapy. Our study was terminated after 11 trials because sustained control of disease activity was possible in only a minority of patients. Pulse therapy was initially very effective: there was rapid improvement in clinical symptoms, and significant improvement of serum anti-DNA (p less than .01) and C3 (p less than .05), but not in other laboratory tests, within 2 weeks of pulse treatment. On followup, alternate day steroids had to be discontinued in 7 trials; 3 patients experienced recurrence of their presenting symptoms, and 4 demonstrated worsening of laboratory abnormalities reflective of active renal disease. Despite the efficacy of pulse for initial management of active SLE, only 4 patients could be successfully maintained on a subsequent alternate day steroid regimen for prolonged periods. PMID- 3910836 TI - A double blind crossover trial of prednisone versus placebo in the treatment of fibrositis. AB - Twenty patients with a diagnosis of fibrositis were entered into a double blinded crossover study to compare the effects of prednisone versus placebo. Each patient was randomly assigned to either prednisone 15 mg/day or placebo for 14 days of therapy and then therapy was switched for a further 14 days. The following measurements were assessed at baseline, end of Week 2 and end of Week 4: analogue scores for pain, sleep disturbance, morning stiffness and fatiguability, and dolorimetry readings of pain tolerance over 14 representative tender points. Overall there was no improvement while taking prednisone, indeed most measured variables showed a trend towards deterioration with this therapy. PMID- 3910837 TI - Infant respiration monitoring--evaluation of a simple home monitor. AB - A new, inexpensive commercial infant respiration monitor, the Baby-Sitter by Direct Diagnostics Ltd, has been evaluated and subjected to clinical trial. Dual respiration recordings were made from infants exhibiting apnoeic episodes to compare the new monitor with an acceptable reference monitor (Graesby Medical Model MR10). Both monitors are designed to detect respiration movement by means of pressure pulses produced in an air-filled sensor attached to the infant's abdomen. The new monitor is found to have unacceptable performance. PMID- 3910838 TI - Stimulation by thymopoietin oligopeptides of lectin-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - The effect of thymopoietin penta- (TP-5), tetra-(TP-4), and tripeptides (TP-3) was studied on the depressed lectin-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (LDCC) against adherent HEp-2 target cells by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). LDCC activity was evaluated by detachment from the monolayer of 3H-thymidine-prelabelled HEp-2 cells in the presence of concanavalin A (Con A). While 10(-5)M TP-3 moderated the depression, 10(-5) M TP-5 strongly enhanced LDCC activity in SLE patients up to the normal level. On the other hand, LDCC activity by normal donors was not influenced by TP-3 and TP-5. TP-4 had no major effect either in control or in SLE patients. In parallel experiments none of the thymopoietin peptides affected the Con A-induced suppressor activity on the blastogenesis of lymphocytes. A selective immunostimulatory effect of TP-3 and TP-5 on the generation of LDCC effector cells in patients with SLE is suggested. PMID- 3910839 TI - Formation of delta tra F' plasmids: specific recombination at oriT. AB - Delta tra F' plasmids can be isolated from matings between Hfr donors and recA- recipients, with selection for transfer of proximal chromosomal genes. Previous experiments indicate that F DNA from the neighborhood of the transfer origin up to the proximal junction with the chromosomal DNA is present on these plasmids, together with chromosomal segments, some of which belong to distinct size classes. We have sequenced across the novel joints contained in five delta tra FproA+ plasmids and in five delta tra FpurE+ plasmids, and we have compared these with the F sequence near oriT and with a chromosomal site near purE. The previously reported specificity in formation of some of these classes is confirmed at the nucleotide sequence level. The F DNA in nine of these novel joints extended beyond the nicking sites identified by others in lambda oriT+ bacteriophages up to a position between two sequenced oriT- mutations. Small plasmids containing these novel joints are mobilized in trans by pOX38 at frequencies less than 5 X 10(-7) times the mobilization frequencies for similar plasmids that contain oriT. The relations of these findings to the location of the nicking site at oriT are discussed. PMID- 3910840 TI - Genetic mapping and DNA sequence analysis of mutations in the polA gene of Escherichia coli. AB - DNA polymerase I of Escherichia coli provides an excellent model for the study of template-directed enzymatic synthesis of DNA because it is a single subunit enzyme, it can be obtained in large quantities and the three-dimensional structure of the polymerizing domain (the Klenow fragment) has recently been determined (Ollis et al., 1985). One approach to assigning functions to particular portions of the structure is to correlate the altered enzymatic behavior of mutant forms of DNA polymerase I with the change in the primary sequence of the protein. Towards this end we have developed a rapid procedure for mapping any polA mutation to a region no larger than 300 base-pairs within the polA gene. Two series of polA deletion mutants with defined end-points were constructed in vitro and cloned into bacteriophage lambda. These phages can then be used to map precisely E. coli polA mutants. Twelve polA- alleles have been mapped in this way and for nine of them the nature of the mutational change has been determined by DNA sequence analysis. Two of the mutations, polA5 and polA6, which affect the enzyme-DNA interaction, provide evidence for the location of the DNA binding region on the polymerase three-dimensional structure. PMID- 3910841 TI - Stringent response in Escherichia coli induces expression of heat shock proteins. AB - The rpoD gene (encoding the 70,000 Mr sigma subunit of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase) is the most distal gene in an operon that contains three genes. The promoter-proximal gene is rpsU (encoding ribosomal protein S21) and the middle gene is dnaG (encoding DNA primase). During the stringent response, caused by a deficiency in an aminoacyl-tRNA, expression of rpsU is decreased, while expression of rpoD is not. This disco-ordinate regulation is due to increased transcription from a minor promoter upstream from rpoD, in the dnaG gene. Transcription from this promoter is also increased during the heat shock response. Expression of other heat shock proteins was found to increase during the stringent response. Thus, the stringent response in E. coli induces expression of heat shock proteins. The requirements for this stringent induction of the heat shock proteins differ from those for temperature induction during the heat shock response. PMID- 3910842 TI - Novel thick filament protein of chicken pectoralis muscle: the 86 kd protein. II. Distribution and localization. AB - Antibodies specific for the novel 86 kd protein purified from chicken pectoralis myofibrils stained by indirect immunofluorescence the middle third of each half A band of isolated myofibrils and myotubes. Pectoralis muscle 86 kd protein, like pectoralis C-protein, displayed a fibre-type specific distribution by being restricted to fast twitch fibres and absent in slow tonic and heart muscle fibres. This was demonstrated by immunoblotting experiments with tissue extracts and by immunofluorescence labelling of cryosections. In primary cell cultures prepared from embryonic chicken breast muscle, 86 kd protein, C-protein and myomesin were all detected in post-mitotic myoblasts where fluorescence was found in a cross-striated pattern along strands of nascent myofibrils. Fluorescence due to the 86 kd protein was restricted to myofibrils within myotubes and no significant labelling of the sarcoplasm was evident. Glycerinated fast twitch muscle fibres, after incubation with antibodies to 86 kd protein, revealed in each half of the A-band nine distinctly labelled stripes, spaced about 43 nm apart. Simultaneous incubation of fibres with antibodies against 86 kd protein and C-protein showed a co-localization of the seven C-protein stripes (stripes 5 to 11), with seven stripes of 86 kd protein. The two additional stripes (stripes 3 and 4) labelled by anti-86 kd antibody continued towards the M-band at the same periodicity from the last C-protein stripe (stripe 5). Thus, partial co localization of two different thick filament proteins is demonstrated and the identity of transverse stripes at positions 3 and 4 attributed in part to the presence of the new 86 kd protein. PMID- 3910844 TI - Solution conformation of a heptadecapeptide comprising the DNA binding helix F of the cyclic AMP receptor protein of Escherichia coli. Combined use of 1H nuclear magnetic resonance and restrained molecular dynamics. AB - A nuclear magnetic resonance study on a heptadecamer (17-mer) peptide comprising the DNA binding helix F of the cyclic AMP receptor protein of Escherichia coli is presented under solution conditions (viz. 40% (v/v) trifluorethanol) where it adopts an ordered helical structure as judged by circular dichroism. Using a combination of two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance techniques, complete resonance assignments are obtained in a sequential manner. From the two dimensional nuclear Overhauser enhancement spectra, a set of 87 approximate distance restraints is derived and used as the basis for three-dimensional structure determination with a restrained molecular dynamics algorithm in which the interproton distances are incorporated into the total energy function of the system in the form of an additional effective potential term. The convergence properties of this approach are tested by starting from three different initial structures, namely an alpha-helix, a beta-strand and a 3-10 helix. In all three cases, convergence to an alpha-helical structure is achieved with a root mean square difference of less than 3 A for all atoms and less than 2 A for the backbone atoms. PMID- 3910843 TI - Refined structure of alkaline phosphatase from Escherichia coli at 2.8 A resolution. AB - The structure of alkaline phosphatase from Escherichia coli has been determined to 2.8 A resolution. The multiple isomorphous replacement electron density map of the dimer at 3.4 A was substantially improved by molecular symmetry averaging and solvent flattening. From these maps, polypeptide chains of the dimer were built using the published amino acid sequence. Stereochemically restrained least squares refinement of this model against native data, starting with 3.4 A data and extending in steps to 2.8 A resolution, proceeded to a final overall crystallographic R factor of 0.256. Alkaline phosphatase-phosphomonoester hydrolase (EC 3.1.3.1) is a metalloenzyme that forms an isologous dimer with two reactive centers 32 A apart. The topology of the polypeptide fold of the subunit is of the alpha/beta class of proteins. Despite the similarities in the overall alpha/beta fold with other proteins, alkaline phosphatase does not have a characteristic binding cleft formed at the carboxyl end of the parallel sheet, but rather an active pocket that contains a cluster of three functional metal sites located off the plane of the central ten-stranded sheet. This active pocket is located near the carboxyl ends of four strands and the amino end of the antiparallel strand, between the plane of the sheet and two helices on the same side. Alkaline phosphatase is a non-specific phosphomonoesterase that hydrolyzes small phosphomonoesters as well as the phosphate termini of DNA. The accessibility calculations based on the refined co-ordinates of the enzyme show that the active pocket barely accommodates inorganic phosphate. Thus, the alcoholic or phenolic portion of the substrate would have to be exposed on the surface of the enzyme. Two metal sites, M1 and M2, 3.9 A apart, are occupied by zinc. The third site, M3, 5 A from site M2 and 7 A from site M1, is occupied by magnesium or, in the absence of magnesium, by zinc. As with other zinc-containing enzymes, histidine residues are ligands to zinc site M1 (three) and to zinc site M2 (one). Ligand assignment and metal preference indicate that the crystallographically found metal sites M1, M2 and M3 correspond to the spectroscopically deduced metal sites A, B and C, respectively. Arsenate, a product analog and enzyme inhibitor, binds between Ser102 and zinc sites M1 and M2. The position of the guanidinium group of Arg 166 is within hydrogen-bonding distance from the arsenate site.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3910845 TI - Calcitonin cell population and distribution in the thyroid gland of the rat. AB - Calcitonin-containing cells (C cells) were identified in male Wistar white rats using an immunoperoxidase technique. They occupied a central position within the thyroid; very few were found peripherally, inferiorly, and superiorly; and none were present in the isthmus. The number of calcitonin-containing cells present per gram of body weight increased with age up to 70 days and had declined by 100 days. Determining the true total C-cell count through the entire thyroid is a very laborious procedure. However, a simple estimate of this total count can be made; the total number of C cells in every tenth section (6 microns) of thyroid was found to be highly correlated with the weight of the animal expressed as an allometric function. A better estimate can be derived from counts of just three sections: the tenth, twentieth, and thirtieth after the section of greatest cross sectional area. PMID- 3910846 TI - Assay of phenacetin genotoxicity using in vitro and in vivo test systems. AB - Phenacetin was assayed in a battery of five short-term tests. (1) In a DNA-repair test using various Escherichia coli strains, the drug was not directly genotoxic nor did it induce nonreparable DNA damage in the presence of rat liver S9 fractions, while it was weakly active following activation with hamster liver S9. (2) In the Ames reversion test (strains TA97, TA98, TA100, and TA102 of Salmonella typhimurium, phenacetin reverted only TA100, and only in the presence of hamster liver S9. Mutagenicity was related to the concentration both of the drug and of the above metabolic system. There was no activation with hamster kidney S9, uninduced chicken liver S9, or with a variety of liver S9 preparations from rats treated with enzyme inducers (Aroclor 1254, phenobarbital, or 3 methylcholanthrene) and/or glutathione depletors (diethyl maleate or buthionine sulfoximine). Hamster liver S9 compared favorably to rat and even more to chicken liver S9 fractions also in activating various promutagens [3-amino-1-methyl-SH pyrido (4,3-b)-indole, 2-aminofluorene, aflatoxin B1, benzo[a]pyrene, and benzo[a]pyrene-trans-7,8-diol] and in decreasing the mutagenicity of direct acting compounds (4-nitroquinoline N-oxide and sodium dichromate). (3) Phenacetin was borderline positive in a forward mutation test (6-thioguanine resistance) in V79 cells, only in the presence of hamster liver S9, and gave negative results in the presence of rat liver S9 or without any metabolic system. (4) Following in vivo treatment, the alkaline elution assay did not reveal any DNA fragmentation in bone-marrow cells of ip-treated mice or in liver cells of rats treated by gavage. Apparent DNA damage was instead observed in the kidneys of rats receiving the drug by gavage or in the liver following ip administration. However, the effect was prevented (liver) or reduced (kidney) by preliminary perfusion of the organs, which discards (liver) or makes uncertain (kidney) the hypothesis of a true in vivo DNA damage. (5) Phenacetin ip induced in mouse bone-marrow cells a poor yet statistically significant increase in sister chromatid exchanges. PMID- 3910847 TI - Malaria in non-endemic Kuwait: resident status of patients with imported infections and the need for prophylaxis. AB - Kuwait is non-endemic for malaria but, with a large expatriate population, the number of imported infections has escalated from 87 in 1980 to 534 in 1984, an increase of over 613%. During a period of 1 year at the Infectious Diseases Hospital, where most of the cases were diagnosed each year, 16.7% of blood samples sent for microscopy were positive for malaria; 95.47% of these patients were hospitalized for an average of 4 days. In a 2-year period, only three (0.52%) Kuwaiti nationals imported the infection out of a total of 577 patients with malaria. About equal numbers of expatriate 'residents' and 'new arrivals' were responsible for the remainder, but over 80% of patients with Plasmodium falciparum were 'residents'. The proportion of residents among the patients is increasing and will be more pronounced with the downturn in the economy. To curtail the tide of imported malaria, the current data suggests the viability of an active campaign to offer chemoprophylaxis to travellers at risk who are essentially 'semi-immune visitors of a non-malarious area visiting a malarious area'. The benefits of simple prophylactic measures need to be emphasized. The disinfection of aircraft arriving from endemic zones should be mandatory. PMID- 3910848 TI - Herpes zoster in children following malaria. AB - Herpes zoster is uncommon in normal children in the 0-9 year age group. However, its incidence is markedly increased in those who are immunosuppressed. Six Papua New Guinean children under 9 years of age developed herpes zoster following an episode of malaria, due to Plasmodium falciparum or Plasmodium vivax which was treated with chloroquine. The reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus in these patients may reflect transient depression of cell-mediated immunity by these malaria parasites, possibly augmented by the chloroquine used in their treatment. PMID- 3910849 TI - [Anesthetic management during aortocoronary bypass surgery]. PMID- 3910850 TI - [Postoperative care in aortocoronary bypass surgery]. PMID- 3910851 TI - Palm temperature monitoring during exercise in patients with heart disease. AB - The quantitative use of palm temperature changes during a fixed-load treadmill exercise was evaluated in normal subjects and patients with various degrees of cardiac disability. Treadmill exercise revealed different temperature patterns between subject groups. Normal subjects showed an initial transient decrease to a plateau phase, followed by a prompt return to the control level after cessation of exercise. Cardiac patients with severe disabilities showed a progressive decrease during and even after exercise, and the return to the control level was delayed. Patients with less severe cardiac disabilities showed an intermediate pattern. A significant correlation was observed between the temperature pattern and the plasma catecholamine concentration. The simultaneous measurement of forearm and hand blood flow, and palm temperature during a supine ergometer exercise showed that the temperature change reflected the blood flow changes. In conclusion, palm temperature monitoring during treadmill exercise is a simple and useful method for assessment of the vasoconstrictor response to exercise and, therefore, the pattern of temperature changes indicates indirectly the exercise capacity in heart disease. PMID- 3910852 TI - [Natural killer cells and interferon responses in patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation]. PMID- 3910853 TI - [Twenty-five patients with acute leukemia treated by bone marrow transplantation]. PMID- 3910855 TI - [Arrhythmia and the autonomic nervous system]. PMID- 3910854 TI - [Electrophysiology of arrhythmia]. PMID- 3910856 TI - [The Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome]. PMID- 3910858 TI - [Implantable automatic defibrillator]. PMID- 3910857 TI - [Ablation, cardioversion and defibrillation with direct current for the management of tachycardia]. PMID- 3910859 TI - [Chlamydia infections in internal medicine]. PMID- 3910861 TI - [Immunocytologic identification of blood group substances in blood and bone marrow smears--its usefulness in bone marrow transplantation and leukemia]. PMID- 3910860 TI - [Studies on granulocyte elastase in plasma. (I). The normal reference values of healthy individuals and a comparison with parameters of inflammation]. PMID- 3910862 TI - [Classification of high LAP (EC, 3.4.11.1) activity cases by Q mode cluster analysis]. PMID- 3910863 TI - [Some problems on the functional residual capacity values by a closed circuit helium dilution method]. PMID- 3910864 TI - [The surface markers of non-Hodgkin's disease cells; classification of T and B cell lymphoma and their prognosis]. PMID- 3910865 TI - [Practical diagnosis of lymphoma]. PMID- 3910866 TI - [Malignant lymphomas of the central nervous system (including the orbit)]. PMID- 3910867 TI - [Diagnosis of lymphoma of the head and neck]. PMID- 3910868 TI - [Radiographic diagnosis of malignant lymphoma of the thorax]. PMID- 3910869 TI - [Diagnosis of lymphoma in abdominal lymph nodes]. PMID- 3910870 TI - [Diagnosis of lymphoma in abdominal organs (liver and spleen)]. PMID- 3910871 TI - [Diagnosis of lymphoma of the digestive system]. PMID- 3910872 TI - [Lymphangiography--relation to the classification of lymphoma]. PMID- 3910873 TI - [Gallium-67 imaging in the diagnosis of malignant lymphoma]. PMID- 3910874 TI - [Radiotherapy of malignant lymphoma]. PMID- 3910875 TI - [Radiotherapy of malignant lymphoma]. PMID- 3910876 TI - [Chemotherapy of malignant lymphoma]. PMID- 3910877 TI - [Primary malignant lymphoma of the digestive system]. PMID- 3910878 TI - [Extranodal malignant lymphoma of the head and neck]. PMID- 3910879 TI - [Malignant lymphoma in pediatrics]. PMID- 3910880 TI - [Imaging of small cavernous hemangioma of the liver]. PMID- 3910881 TI - [Ultrasound diagnosis: female pelvic organs--ovarian tumors]. PMID- 3910882 TI - Replication of measles virus and localization of the viral antigens in long-term infection in organotypic cultures of hamster dorsal-root ganglion. AB - To investigate measles virus replication and expression of the individual viral proteins in differentiated various types of cells in neural tissues free from immunological effects organotypic cultures of hamster dorsal-root ganglion were employed. Measles virus caused long-term infection up to 100 days in these cultures to which the virus was inoculated after they had been well-organized with myelination. Electron microscopy and immunofluorescence technique demonstrated that the infection proceeded first in cells other than neurons and then gradually spread to neurons leading to degeneration of all neurons. By immunofluorescence staining with monoclonal antibodies against measles virus structural proteins, hemagglutinin (HA), fusion (F) protein, nucleocapsid major (N) protein, phosphorylated (P) protein and matrix (M) protein, all the viral antigens including M protein but except P protein were clearly shown in the cytoplasm of neurons and N and F proteins were observed also in neurites. In non neuronal cells all the viral antigens including P protein were observed in the cytoplasm. Only N antigen was shown also in the nucleus of all cell types including both neurons and Schwann cells. These findings were discussed in relation to the viral replication pattern in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. PMID- 3910883 TI - A comparison of antibody dependent cellular cytotoxic potential in macrophages obtained from normal donors and cancer patients. AB - Human monocyte derived macrophages obtained from both normal donors and cancer patients can carry out antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) to human tumor targets. The macrophages from breast and hematologic cancer patients with Stage I, II or III disease and colon cancer patients with Stage III disease killed tumor cells less effectively than the macrophages from normal donors. In contrast, the macrophages from colon cancer patients with Stage I and II disease killed the tumor targets as well as the macrophages from normal donors. Macrophages from head and neck cancer patients with Stage I and II disease killed tumor cells less effectively than the macrophages obtained from normal donors. In contrast, macrophages obtained from head and neck cancer patients with Stage III disease killed the tumor targets as well as the macrophages from normal donors. It must also be noted that individual patients did not always conform to the group pattern. PMID- 3910885 TI - [Diagnostic usefulness of serum lipase activity measured by enzyme immunoassay in pancreatic diseases]. PMID- 3910884 TI - Determination of localization of allergen and IgG inducing antigen in Dirofilaria immitis by immunofluorescent antibody method. AB - More detail studies were made into the localization of IgE inducing antigen (allergen) and IgG inducing antigen in the body of adult male and female Dirofilaria immitis worms by the indirect immunofluorescent antibody method using rat sera against purified allergen and IgG inducing antigen. Allergen was detected in large amounts in the body cavity fluid and the excretory canal, and it was also detected in the cuticles and the lateral lines in the vicinity of the excretory canal. IgG inducing antigen was found in the largest amount in the site of musculature inside of cuticle. Besides the musculature, it was also recognized in smaller amounts in the muscle layer, the body cavity fluid and the excretory canal. In females it was also detected on the surface of microfilaria in the uterus. As to allergen as well as IgG inducing antigen, the fluorescence was recognized most strongly in the central part of the worm body, and it tended to diminish gradually as it approached the head and tail. The concentration of allergen determined by the immunofluorescent antibody method was higher in males than in females. Especially in the excretory canal, a difference was seen between males and females. Allergen was thought to be secreted mainly out of the excretory canal and present largely in the body cavity fluid. On the other hand, the site of the musculature inside of cuticle and the muscular layer were supposed to be the major constituents of IgG inducing antigen. PMID- 3910886 TI - [Measurement of portal blood flow in a patient with fulminant hepatitis using an ultrasonic pulsed Doppler duplex system]. PMID- 3910887 TI - [Rehabilitation engineering viewed by a physician]. PMID- 3910888 TI - [The field of rehabilitation engineering from the viewpoint of rehabilitation medicine]. PMID- 3910889 TI - [Scope and problems of rehabilitation engineering]. PMID- 3910890 TI - [Biomedical engineering for the conservation of teeth--application of the Nd-YAG laser for treatment of a root cyst]. PMID- 3910891 TI - [An automatic system for interpretation of the serum protein electrophoretic pattern]. PMID- 3910892 TI - [Prosthetic myocardium for the reconstruction of the ventricular wall]. PMID- 3910893 TI - [Medicolegal document materials chronologically arranged in the Meiji era (1)]. PMID- 3910894 TI - [Medicolegal document materials chronologically arranged in the Meiji era (2)]. PMID- 3910895 TI - [Medicolegal documental materials chronologically arranged in the Meiji era (3)]. PMID- 3910896 TI - [A case of primary hyperoxaluria]. PMID- 3910897 TI - [Analysis of renograms with simultaneous injection of 99mTc-DTPA and 131I-OIH- estimation of GFR, ERPF and retention function of individual kidney]. PMID- 3910899 TI - [A new technic in repairing sternal dehiscence following open-heart surgery]. PMID- 3910898 TI - Cytotoxicity of cortisone-resistant lymphocytes from mice treated with a group A streptococcus or Freund's complete adjuvant against tumor cells. AB - The cortisone-resistant lymphocytes (CR lymphocytes) of mice treated with a group A streptococcus, Su strain, or Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) were examined for their cytotoxicity on Ehrlich carcinoma cells and sarcoma-180 cells. Female mice of the ddY strain, 7-8 weeks of age, were injected subcutaneously with streptococci or FCA in emulsion, and they were killed 14 days later. To obtain CR lymphocytes, mice treated with and without agents were injected intraperitoneally with hydrocortisone acetate (125 mg/kg) 2 days before killing. Tumor cells and CR lymphocytes from thymus, spleen or mesenteric lymph node were suspended in Hanks balanced salt solution supplemented with 2% bovine albumin. The cytotoxicity of CR lymphocytes on tumor cells was examined by the Winn test: Tumor growth was observed in mice inoculated s.c. with the mixture of tumor cells (T) and CR lymphocytes (L) at a T/L ratio of 1/10 (10(6) tumor cells/mouse). The mesenteric and thymic CR lymphocytes of mice treated with streptococci or FCA were more effective than the corresponding lymphocytes of untreated mice in suppressing the tumor growth in animals given the cell mixture. This suggests that the treatment of mice with streptococci or FCA results in an enhancement in the cytotoxicity of mesenteric and thymic CR lymphocytes against the tumor cells. PMID- 3910900 TI - [Management of urinary tract anomalies detected by prenatal ultrasonography]. PMID- 3910901 TI - [Clinical studies on urogenital infection with Chlamydia trachomatis. 1. Detection of antibodies to chlamydiae in patient sera by means of the microplate immunofluorescence antibody technique (MFA)]. PMID- 3910902 TI - [Studies of a tissue adhesive for surgical management of the urinary tract- application for nephrotomy in dog]. PMID- 3910903 TI - Recent trends in cleft palate operation. PMID- 3910904 TI - [Effect of saralasin on the activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, sympathetic-adrenal system and the level of the 6-keto-PGF1 alpha metabolite of prostacyclin in patients with primary arterial hypertension]. PMID- 3910906 TI - [Methodological aspects of using the exercise test during clinico-pharmacological trials of anti-angina preparations]. AB - Studies of physical stress tolerance in 37 patients with angina of effort subjected to repeated bicycle ergometry demonstrated a systematic increment in physical stress tolerance that included an adaptation stage (first 2 or 3 exercise sessions) and a slow-training stage that followed. The adaptation stage was characterized by a significant increase in the duration of the effort and the output. The training stage was represented by a moderate tolerance increment that never exceeded the range of accidental tolerance variation from one exercise period to another. It is suggested that the results of exercise tests conducted before adaptation is achieved cannot be used as control values in pharmacologic studies of anti-anginal effects, while the practicability of taking into consideration the training factor should be examined in each individual case. PMID- 3910905 TI - [Advances in the diagnosis of secondary hypertension]. PMID- 3910907 TI - [Evolution and current problems in reconstructive surgery of the heart valves]. AB - Progress of valvular cardio-surgery is reviewed. Advantages and shortcomings of mitral commissurotomy are discussed; to-day, the operation falls short of providing the hemodynamic effect achievable by using up-to-date valvular prosthetic appliances. Specific features of valve-sparing operations on the mitral and tricuspid valves are considered; modified tricuspid annuloplasty is described. The evolution of artificial valve prostheses is reviewed; good results with the use of biological calf xenopericardium prostheses are mentioned. The use of artificial and biological prostheses can at present provide better opportunities for the correction of valvular defects of the heart. PMID- 3910908 TI - [Systemic thrombolytic therapy of myocardial infarction]. AB - Systemic thrombolytic therapy was given to 67 patients with large-focal myocardial infarction: immobilized streptokinase (streptodecase) was administered to 37 patients, and native thrombolytic drugs (streptokinase or urokinase), to 30 patients. Systemic thrombolytic therapy initiated within 6 hours of the attack was shown to affect favorably the course of myocardial infarction, as manifested in a significant reduction of the incidence of protracted disease and arrhythmias, and rapid elimination of congestive heart failure. The two regimens being equally effective in clinical terms, immobilized streptokinase was associated with considerably reduced rates of specific side-effects common to thrombolytic therapy. PMID- 3910909 TI - [Ultrasonic angiography in the diagnosis of lesions of the brachiocephalic branches of the aorta]. AB - A review of combined ultrasonic data in a group of normal subjects and in 20 patients with occlusive brachiocephalic aortic lesions has demonstrated that combined use of highly-informative ultrasonic techniques, including ultrasonic dopplerography, ultrasonic angiography and spectrum analysis of the Doppler echo expands considerably possibilities of the diagnosis of occlusive lesions and enables quantitative assessment of regional hemodynamic disorders. PMID- 3910910 TI - [Disopyramide: its mechanisms of action and clinical use]. PMID- 3910911 TI - [Atherosclerotic lesion of the coronary arteries in ischemic heart disease patients with differing levels of insulin, cortisol and somatotropic hormone and the type of reactions of these hormones to physical loading]. AB - Plasma insulin, cortisol and somatotropic hormone (STH) levels of coronary patients are related to the extent of atherosclerotic lesion of coronary arteries. The relationship between coronary atherosclerosis and hormonal activity becomes particularly evident through the pattern of hormonal response (a rise or a fall) to rationed exercise. An elevated insulin baseline and reduced postexercise levels are typical for coronary patients with only slightly narrowed (25% or less) coronary arteries. A tendency to higher baseline and postexercise plasma cortisol levels was noted in more severe coronary cases. Increased postexercise plasma STH levels were significantly more frequent in patients with less marked atherosclerotic lesions of coronary arteries. PMID- 3910912 TI - Relevance of animal models to analgesic-associated renal papillary necrosis in humans. PMID- 3910913 TI - Body sodium-blood volume state, aldosterone, and cardiovascular responsiveness after calcium entry blockade with nifedipine. AB - Exchangeable sodium, blood volume, plasma norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine, renin and aldosterone levels, and pressor responses to infused NE or angiotensin II (AII) were assessed in ten patients with essential hypertension on placebo, following 6 to 8 weeks of calcium-antagonist nifedipine (NIF), 3 X 10 to 20 mg/day, and after 6 to 8 weeks on NIF combined with the diuretic chlorthalidone (CHLOR), 25 to 50 mg/day. Pressor effects of infused calcium also were evaluated on placebo and NIF. Supine blood pressure was decreased from 151/97 +/- 5/2 (SEM) to 132/88 +/- 6/2 mm Hg after NIF alone (P less than 0.05) and to 124/83 +/- 7/3 mm Hg after NIF + CHLOR (P less than 0.01). Body wt was increased from 72.7 to 73.9 kg on NIF alone (P less than 0.05), but decreased to 72.1 (P less than 0.05 compared with placebo) after adding CHLOR. Exchangeable sodium also rose from 2642 +/- 237 to 3360 +/- 266 mmoles on NIF (+ 27%; P less than 0.01) and returned to control values (2638 +/- 248 mmoles) after addition of CHLOR. Plasma volume was only slightly modified on NIF (from 2621 +/- 193 to 2751 +/- 160 ml; + 5%), but was reduced to 2232 +/- 231 ml on NIF + CHLOR (P less than 0.05). Responses of circulating aldosterone to AII were similarly diminished (P less than 0.01) during both conditions. Heart rate, supine and upright plasma renin, aldosterone and catecholamine levels, and pressor responses to NE, AII, or calcium were not consistently changed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3910914 TI - Charge and size of mesangial IgA in IgA nephropathy. AB - To characterize the physicochemical properties of the mesangial IgA in primary IgA nephropathy, acid-eluates from percutaneous renal biopsies of 20 patients were examined. The acid-eluates were obtained from 1287 +/- 498 glomerular sections. The IgA content (mean 15 +/- 10 ng) represented 0.4% of the total eluted proteins. To analyze the molecular weight and the charge of eluted IgA, 11 eluates were subjected to high pressure liquid chromatography (at pH 6.8 and/or pH 3.5) and five eluates to isoelectric focusing on agarose. IgA was detected in the fractions by an IgA-RIA. Comparison of the elution profiles at different pH showed a statistically significant decrease of the excluded IgA peak (greater than or equal to 1,000,000 daltons), and a significant increase of polymeric IgA peaks (1,000,000-320,000 and 320,000 daltons) in acidic chromatography, as compared to non-dissociating conditions. Under acidic conditions, polymeric IgA represent 64% of total eluted IgA. Secretory component binding to polymeric IgA was demonstrated in four out of eight eluates tested. The isoelectric point (pI) of eluted IgA ranged from 4.5 to 5.6, contrasting with the broader and more neutral pI of normal serum IgA (4.5 to 6.8). This study shows that the multimeric nature of IgA, the formation of IgA complexes, and the anionic charge of IgA are likely to be involved in the mesangial IgA deposition in idiopathic IgA nephropathy. PMID- 3910915 TI - Persistence of antibodies to pneumococcal vaccine in patients with chronic renal failure. AB - Antibody response to the 14-valent pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide vaccine was measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (EIA) in 17 renal allograft recipients, 29 azotemic, 11 hemodialysis, and 33 control patients. The IgG, IgM, and IgA antibodies were measured against six pneumococcal antigen types 1, 3, 4, 6A, 8, and 19F. The control patients had the best antibody responses in the IgG and IgA antibody classes and the renal allograft recipients in the IgM class. The renal allograft recipients had significantly stronger antibody responses than the azotemic and hemodialysis patients. The hemodialysis patients had significantly weaker antibody responses than the control patients and the renal allograft recipients, and they also lost their antibodies most rapidly. Thus, the hemodialysis patients and probably some azotemic patients should be considered for revaccination. PMID- 3910916 TI - Effect of cyclosporine administration on renal hemodynamics in conscious rats. AB - The effect of acute and chronic administration of cyclosporine on systemic and renal hemodynamics was studied in conscious rats. Infusion of cyclosporine in a dose of 20 mg/kg (Cy 20) resulted in a significant fall in renal blood flow (RBF) (3.4 vs. 6.5 ml/min/g, P less than 0.05) and a rise in renal vascular resistance (RVR) (36.9 vs. 20.6 mm Hg/ml/min/g, P less than 0.05). Infusion of cyclosporine at a dose of 10 mg/kg (Cy 10) did not result in a significant change in RBF or RVR. Both doses of cyclosporine resulted in stimulation of plasma renin activity (PRA) from control values of 5.6 +/- 0.8 ng/ml/hr to 11.6 +/- 2.0 with 10 mg/kg and 26.7 +/- 5.6 with 20 mg/kg. Urinary 6-keto-PGF1 alpha excretion increased from control values of 14.0 +/- 2.0 ng/6 hr to 22.7 +/- 2.2 with 10 mg/kg and 25.0 +/- 2.0 with 20 mg/kg. Similar effects on RBF, RVR, PRA, and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha excretion were seen after chronic administration of cyclosporine (20 mg/kg i.p. for 7 days). Pretreatment of animals with captopril did not prevent the fall in RBF after cyclosporine, suggesting that the vasoconstriction was not mediated by angiotensin II. Animals treated with meclofenamate demonstrated reduction in RBF with 10 mg/kg cyclosporine (4.3 vs. 7.0 ml/min/g, P less than 0.05), suggesting that prostaglandins protect against the vasoconstrictor effect of cyclosporine. Administration of phenoxybenzamine after cyclosporine improved RBF (5.0 vs. 3.4 ml/min/g) and restored RVR to normal. Similarly, renal denervation dramatically reduced the fall in RBF after cyclosporine (innervated right kidney 3.6 vs. denervated left kidney 6.0 ml/min/g, P less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3910917 TI - Liver disease in recipients of long-functioning renal allografts. AB - After noting that hepatic failure was the leading cause of death in our transplant recipients whose renal allografts had functioned for more than five years, we reviewed retrospectively the post-transplant course of these patients to assess the long-term effect of liver disease in this population. Sufficient data was available to evaluate 184 of 217 long-term survivors (85%). Twenty-six patients (14%) experienced a doubling of SGOT and/or SGPT of greater than six months' duration and were defined as having chronic liver disease. The etiology of chronic liver disease was identified in 14 patients (54%), of whom 11 were HBsAg positive. Evidence of chronic hepatitis developed in only six of 26 patients (22%) during the first four years post transplant. Once enzyme abnormalities occurred, they were unremitting until death or end of the study in 73% of patients. Actuarial survival of patients with chronic liver disease was markedly decreased compared to long-surviving transplanted controls. Ten of the 12 deaths in patients with hepatocellular abnormalities were due to hepatic failure, of which eight occurred in the setting of extrahepatic sepsis. Chronic liver disease is a late complication of transplantation and is associated with significant mortality due to an increased susceptibility to overwhelming sepsis. PMID- 3910918 TI - The role of urinary kininogen in the regulation of kinin generation. AB - The kallikrein-kininogen-kinin system has been postulated to play a role in the regulation of blood pressure and modulation of renal salt and water transport. The activity of this system has usually been determined by measurements of urinary kallikrein excretion. However, urinary kallikrein rarely correlates with simultaneously measured urinary kinins. To further evaluate the factors influencing urinary kinin excretion, we evaluated the role of urinary kininogen in this system. Urines were analyzed from normal subjects and individuals with untreated essential hypertension and end-stage renal disease. Intact urinary kininogen was significantly correlated with urinary kinins in normal subjects (r = 0.65, P = 0.003) and essential hypertensives (r = 0.52, P = 0.026). In both essential hypertension and end-stage renal disease, urinary kinins were significantly decreased (8.00 +/- 1.93, 0.90 +/- 0.18, P less than 0.05, respectively) compared to controls (23.73 +/- 5.20). In essential hypertensives, the reduction in urinary kinins was paralleled by a reduction in intact kininogen with a normal excretion of kallikrein. In end-stage renal disease, the reduction in kinins was paralleled by a reduction in kallikrein with a normal excretion of intact kininogen. This data suggests that kininogen may be an important determinant of urinary kinin excretion in various disease states. PMID- 3910919 TI - Diuretic-induced hypokalemia. PMID- 3910920 TI - [Blind suture of the wound in the treatment of various forms of paronychia]. PMID- 3910921 TI - [A method of filling a cylindrical bone cavity]. PMID- 3910922 TI - [Surgical treatment of Dupuytren's contracture]. PMID- 3910923 TI - [Treatment of burn wounds using autoepithelium grown in vitro (a review of the literature)]. PMID- 3910924 TI - [N.I. Pirogov's work at military hospitals in Simferopol (1854-1855)]. PMID- 3910925 TI - [Nikolai Ivanovich Pirogov (on the 175th anniversary of his birth)]. PMID- 3910926 TI - [Surgical treatment of open fractures of the vertebrae]. PMID- 3910927 TI - [Clinical aspects, diagnosis and treatment of dislocations of the cervical vertebrae]. PMID- 3910928 TI - [Role of the bone marrow in the process of callus formation and its reparative potential (experimento-clinical study)]. PMID- 3910929 TI - [Surgical tactics in the treatment of patients with fractures and extensive injuries of the soft tissues]. PMID- 3910931 TI - [Radical operations in the treatment of gangrene of the lung (a review of the literature]. PMID- 3910930 TI - [A method of mechanical compression opening of hollow organs]. PMID- 3910932 TI - [Hemosorption in vascular surgery (a review of the literature)]. PMID- 3910933 TI - [Nikolai Nikolaevich Priorov (on the centenary of his birth)]. PMID- 3910934 TI - [On the centenary of the birth of M.I. Sitenko]. PMID- 3910935 TI - [Treatment of peace-time injuries of the blood vessels]. PMID- 3910936 TI - [Injuries of the major arteries]. PMID- 3910937 TI - [Principles and tactics in the treatment of trophic ulcers]. PMID- 3910938 TI - [N. I. Pirogov's "Recherches pratiques et physiologiques sur l'etherisation"]. PMID- 3910939 TI - [Punctures of pancreatic cysts under echographic control]. PMID- 3910940 TI - [Comparison between scintigraphy and echography and the surgical findings in diseases of the hepatobiliopancreatic system]. PMID- 3910941 TI - [Percutaneous puncture of polycystic kidneys under echographic control]. PMID- 3910942 TI - [Use of Rocefin with urological patients]. PMID- 3910943 TI - [Clinical aspects, diagnosis and therapy of ocular Chlamydia infection]. AB - As reported in the recent literature, eye infections caused by Chlamydia trachomatis are increasing in number. Modern laboratory techniques were used in this study to scan a total of 114 patients with unilateral follicular conjunctivitis for these organisms. The authors describe the clinical picture, course, and results of therapy in a total of 6 (5.3%) young patients with chlamydial infections diagnosed by scraping and cell culture. PMID- 3910944 TI - [Experiences with the transplantation of tissue-cultured corneas]. AB - Between October 1982 and May 1984, 21 cultivated donor corneas were successfully grafted in 20 patients at Innsbruck Eye Clinic. The average duration of cultivation was 10.9 days; the average number of endothelial cells prior to cultivation was 3,050 per mm2, and after cultivation 2,850 per mm2. PMID- 3910945 TI - [Immunosuppression with cyclosporin A in high-risk keratoplasties]. AB - It is generally accepted that corneal grafts in hypervascular and sclerosed host corneas have little chance of success. At the end of a three-month postoperative immunosuppression period using the new immunosuppressant Cyclosporin A, full incorporation of transplants was achieved in 10 out of 11 high-risk patients. Patients were observed over a period of between 3 and 15 months, the median being 9 months. PMID- 3910946 TI - [Immunosuppressive therapy with cyclosporin A following penetrating keratoplasty]. AB - Report on 11 patients who underwent penetrating keratoplasty and were treated with Cyclosporin A for an average of 6 months because of excessive superficial and deep vascularization of the recipient cornea. In none of the patients was a permanent Cyclosporin A-induced side-effect observed. After an average follow-up period of 11 months 9 grafts remained completely clear; however, an allograft reaction occurred in 2 cases in spite of the immunosuppressive therapy. PMID- 3910947 TI - [Secondary implantation of intraocular lenses]. AB - Since 1980 a total of 1014 anterior chamber lenses, type Kelman II and Omnifit, have been implanted, 308 of them as a secondary procedure. Unilateral and bilateral implantation was performed in normal aphakic eyes, in aphakic glaucoma, after injuries, combined with keratoplasty, and in one case in keratophakia. The cases were not preselected. Implantation was successfully accomplished in 100% of the cases. PMID- 3910948 TI - [Echographic findings in cyclitis annularis pseudotumorosa and ring melanoma of the ciliary body]. AB - Ring melanomas can closely simulate annular choroidal detachments ophthalmoscopically. In A-scan sonography the malignant melanoma of the ciliary body is characterized by low to medium reflectivity, whereas annular choroidal detachment manifests no internal reflectivity. PMID- 3910949 TI - [Charlotte von Schiller's blindness and death]. PMID- 3910950 TI - [Treatment of ocular toxoplasmosis]. PMID- 3910951 TI - [Absorbable sutures: brief description of their characteristics and use in ophthalmology]. PMID- 3910952 TI - [Diagnosis of bilateral renal vein thrombosis in infancy by pulsed Doppler sonography of the renal vessels]. AB - In a premature infant bilateral renal venous thrombosis and associated thrombosis of the inferior vena cava were diagnosed at the age of 6 weeks, using a 2 dimensional ultrasound sector scanner with integrated pulsed doppler ultrasound of the renal vessels. In contrast to 30 healthy children, who showed continuous forward flow in the renal arteries throughout systole and diastole, diastolic flow was decreased or even retrograde in renal venous thrombosis (RVT) according to the severity of thrombosis. Doppler recordings in renal veins normally showed continuous retrograde flow patterns, whereas in RVT venous flow was decreased or absent. Pulsed doppler ultrasound is a useful and noninvasive method for recording renal flow patterns, especially in renovascular disease. PMID- 3910954 TI - [Ultrasonic diagnosis of cholesterosis of the gallbladder]. PMID- 3910953 TI - [Prenatal diagnosis of Caffey's disease (infantile cortical hyperostosis)]. AB - Report of the 10th case of infantile cortical hyperostosis (ICH), diagnosed in utero. Because of a hydramnion noted in the 29th week of gestation, a 38 years old pregnant women was admitted to hospital. Ultrasound, radiographs of the unborn child and amninography were obtained. The radiographic and clinical signs of Caffey's disease are reviewed, and the literature particularly reports on prenatal onset are analyzed. The present "etiologic theories" are discussed. PMID- 3910955 TI - [Experience with the use of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal tuberculosis]. PMID- 3910956 TI - [Current value of the deontologic principles of N. I. Pirogova]. PMID- 3910957 TI - [Image of N. I. Pirogov in memorials of material culture (on the 175th anniversary of his birth)]. PMID- 3910958 TI - [Complex toxicologic and hygienic assessment of polymeric construction materials]. AB - This review surveys the data on environmental effects upon toxicity of polymers used in the interior of manned enclosures. An integrated approach to the assessment of polymer safety is described which takes into consideration space flight effects on the migration of volatile chemicals into the cabin and which includes hygienic monitoring of them at different stages of spacecraft production. Hygienic requirements for the evaluation of nonmetallic materials are given. PMID- 3910959 TI - [Dynamics of the informal structure of a small dedicated group under the natural conditions of social isolation stress]. PMID- 3910960 TI - Ultrasonogram of Menetrier's disease. PMID- 3910961 TI - Researches concerning the effects of Refit on elite weightlifters. PMID- 3910962 TI - Controlled ultrasonographic measurements of cross-sectional areas of the quadriceps muscle submitted to dynamic strength training. PMID- 3910964 TI - The medicinal and nutritional properties of Dahlia spp. AB - The common garden variety dahlia was once an important root crop and medicinal plant among the pre-Columbian Indians of central Mexico, Yucatan and Guatemala. Its roots were valued both for the nutritious inulin stored inside them and for the antibiotic compounds concentrated in the skin of the tubers. The dahlia flower was a solar symbol worn by Moctezuma and his nobles. In the modern world, dahlias cultivated as a crop might prove to be a worthy food supplement in subtropical areas. PMID- 3910963 TI - Is the Tecoma stans infusion an antidiabetic remedy? AB - The intravenous administration of Tecoma stans infusion in normal dogs produces an early hyperglycemic response and arterial hypotension followed by a slow decrease of the glucose blood values with a concomitant hypertriglyceridemia; no important changes in immunoreactive insulin were detected. Heart frequency was gradually increased after the first 60 min of drug administration and persisted for several hours. The effects observed on blood parameters seem to be related to hepatic glycogen metabolism, involving an activation of glycogenolysis. The late hypoglycemic effect of Tecoma stans infusion could be considered secondary to the observed hepatic glucose output. The study represents an attempt to elucidate the popularly attributed antidiabetic properties of this Mexican medicinal plant. PMID- 3910965 TI - Effects of Lythrum salicaria in normoglycemic rats. AB - Several extracts from stem and flower of Lythrum salicaria were evaluated for their hypoglycemic activity in rats. Results indicate that ether extracts from stem or flowers at a dose equivalent to 10 g/kg of crude plant material caused a significant reduction in blood glucose 4 h after oral administration and that this effect was associated with an increase of circulating insulin. The effects of extracts on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism were also studied. PMID- 3910966 TI - Observation on the efficacy of qinghaosu suppository in 100 cases of falciparum malaria. PMID- 3910967 TI - A consultation system for the analysis of a prescription. II. Building an expert system in the field of traditional Chinese medicine. PMID- 3910968 TI - Notes on Chinese medical history. PMID- 3910969 TI - Zhang Zhongjing, the sage of Chinese medicine. PMID- 3910970 TI - Shennong's herbal--one of the world's earliest pharmacopoeia. PMID- 3910971 TI - Posterior composities. Part I. PMID- 3910972 TI - The decline in murine splenic PHA and LPS responsiveness following serial transplantation of young and old bone marrow cells. AB - An analysis was made of the ability of bone marrow cells derived from young (6 months) or old (28 months) murine (A X C57BL/6) donors to differentiate to B and T lymphocytes following serial bone marrow cell transplantations into groups of young syngeneic lethally irradiated recipients. Both number and mitogenic responsiveness of splenic B and T lymphocytes were recorded for recipients of young or old bone marrow cells 9 months following each serial transplant. The data suggests that lymphopoietic stem cells senescence in a manner analogous to that predicted by the clonal succession model of ageing. PMID- 3910973 TI - Veterans' and nonveterans' use of health services. A comparative analysis. AB - This study compares the use of health services by veterans with that by nonveterans; compares the use of health services by veterans from different service cohorts with each other; and examines the correlates of veterans' use of the VA health care delivery system. After adjusting for differences in the predisposing, enabling, and need characteristics, there were virtually no meaningful differences in the use of health services between veterans and nonveterans. This suggests that health care planning within the VA can proceed similarly to health care planning for the civilian population, albeit taking into consideration the significant difference in the sex distribution between the two populations. Virtually no meaningful or consistent veteran cohort effects on the use of health services were found. This suggests that health care planning within the VA may proceed without regard to changes in the nature of the veteran cohort structure. Finally, although there was a strong and obvious effect of service connected disabilities (high-priority eligibility due to health status) on the use of the VA health care delivery system for veterans, there was no effect of being 65 years of age and older (high-priority eligibility due to age) on the use of the VA. Aside from service-connected disabilities, limited access to other health care delivery systems was the major factor behind the demand for VA care. PMID- 3910974 TI - Detection of a surface antigen on NIH3T3 cells transfected with a human leukemia oncogene. AB - This study was conducted to examine the cell surface changes associated with oncogene induced transformation. Using the transfection technique the DNA of a human acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) was used to transform murine NIH3T3 cells. Balb/c mice were immunized with these transfectants and their immune splenocytes were used to produce a monoclonal antibody (17-9H3). Antibody 17-9H3 was demonstrated to bind to the cell membranes of transfectants and leukemia cells but not normal 3T3 cells in an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Fresh human leukemias, cultured leukemia lines and normal hemopoietic cells were examined with immunoperoxidase staining techniques to determine the specificity of 17-9H3. Our data suggest that the antigen associated with a human acute lymphocytic leukemia oncogene is ubiquitous, distributed among both neoplastic and normal hemopoietic cells. Among fresh human leukemias the antigen appears to be present primarily on fresh null ALLs and chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) in blast crisis. This antigen was also found to be expressed by the majority of cultured T cell lines tested. PMID- 3910975 TI - Serum NCA in bone marrow transplant recipients and its metabolism. AB - Normal colon and granulocyte antigen (NCA) in serum from 24 patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation (BMT), mostly for leukemic disease, was studied for a period of 0-60 days before/after transplantation. Out of the 23 patients with a take, 20 acquired elevated serum NCA. One patient had a rejection of the transplantation and never showed a rise of NCA values. Thirteen patients were studied in detail; 7 of them had an NCA rise 1-4 days before take, 4 at the day of take and 2 patients 1-4 days later. To investigate the rate of NCA turnover, 125I-NCA was injected into Macaca irus monkeys. One hour after injection, 87% of the injected substance had left the circulation. The prime site of accumulation was the liver. Thereafter, blood NCA decreased at a slower and linear rate. Of the substance seen at the beginning of the second phase 50% had been eliminated after 30 hours. The data support the theory that NCA is produced by the myeloid cells in bone marrow, that it has a rapid metabolism and therefore is of interest as a marker of bone marrow activity in health and malignant disease. PMID- 3910976 TI - [epsilon-Zinc acetamide caproate versus cimetidine in the treatment of peptic ulcer. Randomized study]. PMID- 3910977 TI - [Hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism associated with type I membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 3910978 TI - [Renal insufficiency caused by the administration of captopril in renal transplantation]. PMID- 3910979 TI - [Pulmonary embolism after hip arthroplasty]. PMID- 3910980 TI - [Iatrogenic transfer with growth hormone has caused several cases of Creutzfeldt Jakob's disease]. PMID- 3910981 TI - [Animal experiment studies of suture material and suture technic of the stomach]. AB - The aim of these examinations was a comparison of the tensile strength and the histology of single and two-layer sutured gastrotomies applied to rats. Independent of the applied suture material and suture technique all experiments resulted in the same tensile strength of the suture between the 5th and 7th postoperative day as in the control group. Differences of anastomotic dehiscence did not exist. The single-layer can be loaded as well as the two-layer suture. Any difference of the tensile strength of anastomosis depending on the suture material does not exist. PMID- 3910983 TI - [Malignant lymphoma and tuberculosis]. AB - In 153 patients with malignant lymphoma (1981-1984) one case of simultaneous occurrence of a Non-Hodgkin lymphoma of high grade malignancy and tuberculosis of a cervical lymph node is reported. Typical morphological characteristics were absent. In the first biopsy mycobacterium tuberculosis was demonstrated in a microbiological animal trial. In a second biopsy a centroblastic lymphoma was found. It is possible that the onset of lymph node tuberculosis is promoted by the impaired immunological defence mechanism of the malignant growth. On the other hand, the malignant lymphoma might be caused by the chronic tuberculous inflammation. Independent of this question, a persistent cervical lymphoma must be identified by biopsy and microbiology. An essential factor in deciding both therapy and prognosis of the malignant lymphoma is to diagnose the presence of a tuberculous infection, for the concurrent treatment of primary and secondary disease provides the only chance of cure. PMID- 3910982 TI - [Application of mixed homologous/autologous full-thickness skin transplants preserved by freezing following 3d degree burns in animal experiments]. AB - In 5 white piglets 3rd-degree burns were applied. After escharectomy the wound dressing was done by intermingled homo/autografts. In variation of the Chinese method reported, in our experiments the homografts consisted of full-thickness skin preserved by freezing (-27 degrees C). In all piglets this procedure caused a perfect epithelialization and brought good cosmetic and clinical results. PMID- 3910984 TI - Current uses of the laser for fertility-promoting procedures. AB - The addition of lasers to the gynecologist's surgical armament has been heralded by some and scoffed at by many. Only through scientific assessment of published data using this new technique is one able to obtain an intelligent perspective of the clinical applicability for the laser in fertility-promoting procedures. A review of the literature, with stated pregnancy rates, describing the delivery of the carbon dioxide, argon, and Nd:YAG lasers via laparotomy or laparoscopy is presented. It is hoped that as this new surgical modality evolves, additional studies will further define its role in preserving or enhancing reproductive potential. PMID- 3910985 TI - One minute with diabetes: brittle diabetes. PMID- 3910986 TI - A matter of security. PMID- 3910987 TI - Solving the space problem. PMID- 3910988 TI - [Dress rehearsal of the Great October Revolution]. PMID- 3910989 TI - [An old friend of medical workers] (Drug zdraviia, narodno-vrachebnaia gazeta)]. PMID- 3910990 TI - [How this was]. PMID- 3910991 TI - Comparison of bursting strength between suture- and laser-anastomosed vessels. AB - The bursting strength of suture- and laser-assisted vascular anastomosis (LAVA) was assessed using a standard rat femoral artery model. Vessels were studied from 1 hour to 3 weeks. LAVA arteries consistently demonstrated lower bursting strengths than those of suture controls, with significant differences at 1 day, 3 days (P less than 0.001), and 1 weeks (P less than 0.01). Return of strength occurred in a pattern reminiscent of wound-healing models. Relatively low bursting strengths at 1 and 3 days in the LAVA cohort may explain the high aneurysm rate reported to complicate this procedure. PMID- 3910992 TI - Rat epigastric pedicle model: a clinically relevant evaluation of 1-mm PTFE grafts. AB - Twenty-eight Sprague-Dawley rats had 1.0-mm polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) interposition grafts placed in their femoral artery that supplied a 3.0 X 3.0 cm epigastric pedicle flap. The model is the first to evaluate 1.0-mm PTFE under rigorous, clinically simulating conditions. Anastomoses employed a new, continuous telescoping suture technique. Grafts were selected for histological and electron microscopic evaluation, which confirmed the development of a cellular neointimal lining. Viability of the flap model had a 90% correlation with graft patency. Overall graft patency was 50%. Patency was documented in some specimens harvested at 200 days. The flap model is a good indicator of graft patency. PTFE grafts of 1.0-mm internal diameter are not yet equivalent to autologous veins. Future refinements, particularly aseptic technique, are expected to result in even higher patency rates. PMID- 3910993 TI - [Smoking and cancer risk in persons occupationally exposed to asbestos dust]. AB - Analysed in the paper (basing on literature) is the cancer risk depending on smoking by those exposed to asbestos dust. In addition, results of empirical studies confirming the multiplicative or additive model of the interaction smoking-asbestos and cancer risk were discussed. Some preventive measures for this interaction were indicated, too. PMID- 3910995 TI - Sidney P. Colowick. PMID- 3910994 TI - A survey for American cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis among 1,342 dogs from areas in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) where the human diseases occur. AB - There are areas in the periphery of Rio de Janeiro city where human cases of Visceral and/or Cutaneous Leishmaniasis occur. The parasites have been identified as Leishmania donovani and Leishmania braziliensis braziliensis respectively. A survey for Leishmaniasis was done among 1,342 dogs from those areas using an indirect immunofluorescent test. From the dogs, 616 came from areas where only human cases of Visceral Leishmaniasis occurred, 373 from an area where all human cases were of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis and 353 from a third area (Campo Grande) where both visceral and cutaneous human cases were detected. The prevalence of parasite antibody titers among dogs from areas of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis was significantly higher than that of Visceral Leishmaniasis (8.6% vs. 4.3%, p less than 0.02). The highest prevalence was observed among dogs from the area where both diseases are present (12.7%). PMID- 3910996 TI - L-Glutamate decarboxylase from bacteria. PMID- 3910997 TI - Delta 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase from rat intestinal mucosa. PMID- 3910998 TI - gamma-Carboxyglutamic acid. PMID- 3910999 TI - Glutaminase from Acinetobacter glutaminsificans. PMID- 3911000 TI - N-Acetylglutamate synthase. PMID- 3911001 TI - GMP synthetase. PMID- 3911003 TI - Glutamate synthase from Escherichia coli, Klebsiella aerogenes, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PMID- 3911002 TI - CTP synthetase. PMID- 3911004 TI - N-Methyl-L-glutamate synthase. PMID- 3911005 TI - Glutathione synthetase from rat kidney. PMID- 3911006 TI - 5-Oxo-L-prolinase from rat kidney. PMID- 3911008 TI - Synthesis of L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid. PMID- 3911007 TI - 5-Oxo-L-prolinase from Pseudomonas putida. PMID- 3911009 TI - Glutaredoxin from Escherichia coli and calf thymus. PMID- 3911010 TI - Glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase of Escherichia coli. PMID- 3911011 TI - Asparaginase. PMID- 3911012 TI - Glutamate-aromatic amino acid transaminase. PMID- 3911013 TI - Glutamate-ornithine transaminases. PMID- 3911014 TI - Glutamate-gamma-aminobutyrate transaminase. PMID- 3911016 TI - Methods for the study of the metabolism of immunoglobulins. PMID- 3911015 TI - Antiisotypic antibodies. PMID- 3911017 TI - Immunoglobulin A (IgA). PMID- 3911018 TI - Migration inhibitory factor. PMID- 3911019 TI - Murine interleukin 2. PMID- 3911020 TI - Photoreactivation reverses ultraviolet radiation induced premutagenic lesions leading to frameshift mutations in Escherichia coli. AB - The effect of photoreactivation of the ultraviolet radiation induced reversion of a trpE9777 frameshift mutation was studied in a uvr A6 derivative of Escherichia coli K12. Two different photoreactivation treatments were used, one providing a single flash of photoreactivating light and another providing 10 min of light from fluorescent lamps. The reversion frequency of the trpE9777 frameshift mutation was strongly reduced when subsequently exposed to visible light. The dose modification factor (the ratio of equally effective doses), for cells challenged with single-flash photoreactivation, for survival and induction of reversion to Trp+ was 3.6 and 3.4, respectively. UV induction of RecA protein synthesis was not reversed by a single flash of photoreactivation. The dose modification factor for 10 min of fluorescent lamp photoreactivation for survival and for induction of reversion to Trp+ was 6.5 and 6.3, respectively. The dose modification factor for 10 min of photoreactivation for induction of RecA protein was 1.7-2.5. Photoreactivation decreased the reversion of trpE9777 and increased survival to the same extent. We concluded that cyclobutyl pyrimidine dimers are the premutagenic lesions of UV mutagenesis of the trpE9777 allele in a uvr A6 background. PMID- 3911021 TI - A new dispensable genetic locus of the terminus region involved in control of cell division in Escherichia coli. AB - Temperature-sensitive mutants defective in cell division were isolated after localised mutagenesis of the terminus region of the Escherichia coli chromosome. The defective gene in one of these mutants, dicA, was mapped at 34.9 min by linkage with manA and with three physically characterized Tn10 insertions. Temperature-sensitivity conferred by mutation dicA1 in a recA background [corrected] was suppressed by the presence of hybrid plasmids carrying the wild type gene. In addition, the mutation was suppressed either by tranposon inactivation of a nearby gene, dicB, or by deletion of the entire dicA-dicB interval. These results define the dicA-dicB locus as a new dispensable genetic cluster involved in the control of cell division. PMID- 3911022 TI - Mechanism of sbcB-suppression of the recBC-deficiency in postreplication repair in UV-irradiated Escherichia coli K-12. AB - The mechanism by which an sbcB mutation suppresses the deficiency in postreplication repair shown by recB recC mutants of Escherichia coli was studied. The presence of an sbcB mutation in uvrA recB recC cells increased their resistance to UV radiation. This enhanced resistance was not due to a suppression of the minor deficiency in the repair of DNA daughter-strand gaps or to an inhibition of the production of DNA double-strand breaks in UV-irradiated uvrA recB recC cells; rather, the presence of an sbcB mutation enabled uvrA recB recC cells to carry out the repair of DNA double-strand breaks. In the uvrA recB recC sbcB background, a mutation at recF produced a huge sensitization to UV radiation, and it rendered cells deficient in the repair of both DNA daughter strand gaps and DNA double-strand breaks. Thus, an additional sbcB mutation in uvrA recB recC cells restored their ability to perform the repair of DNA double strand breaks, but the further addition of a recF mutation blocked this repair capacity. PMID- 3911024 TI - Effect of a lexA41(Ts) mutation on DNA repair in recA(Def) derivatives of Escherichia coli K-12. AB - Derivatives of Escherichia coli K-12 carrying a deletion of the recA gene survive exposure to UV (254 nm) better if they also contain the lexA41 mutation which codes for a labile LexA protein. This effect of the lexA41 mutation is not observed in comparable strains carrying a uvr A6 mutation. Using two independent methods to detect pyrimidine dimers we found that UV irradiated RecA deficient cells removed dimers from their DNA more rapidly if they contained the lexA41 mutation than if they contained the wild-type lexA gene. Our results are consistent with the idea that a relatively high level of UvrABC incision nuclease resulting from inefficient repression of the corresponding genes by the labile LexA41 protein facilitates excision of pyrimidine dimers from the DNA of UV irradiated cells. PMID- 3911023 TI - Growth rate-dependent regulation of RNA polymerase synthesis in Escherichia coli. AB - The rate of synthesis of the beta and beta' subunits of RNA polymerase relative to the rate of synthesis of total protein was found to remain constant with increasing steady state growth rate. This is in contrast to the relative synthesis rates of ribosomal proteins which are known to increase with growth rate. Yet the ratio of the rate of transcription of the ribosomal protein (rplJL) and RNA polymerase (rpoBC) domains of the rplKAJLrpoBC gene cluster was found to be invariant. Fusions to lacZ were used to relate the rate of transcription of the rplKAJL genes to the rate of synthesis of total protein. No change was seen at growth rates above 0.8 doublings per hour. This indicates that the growth rate dependent expression of these ribosomal proteins is regulated at the post transcriptional level. However because both the relative rate of transcription of rpoBC and rate of synthesis of beta and beta' were found to remain invariant over this growth range it suggests the expression of these RNA polymerase subunits is regulated at the transcriptional level. PMID- 3911025 TI - Gene rpmF for ribosomal protein L32 and gene rimJ for a ribosomal protein acetylating enzyme are located near pyrC (23.4 min) in Escherichia coli. AB - An Escherichia coli mutant harbouring altered ribosomal protein L32 has been isolated and genetically characterized. The mutation leading to this alteration (rpmF) and the temperature-sensitive mutation (ts-1517) present in the same strain were found to map near pyrC (23.4 min), being cotransducible not only with pyrC but also with fabD, flaT and purB in P1 phage mediated transductions. Furthermore, we found that the gene rimJ, which encodes an enzyme that acetylates the N-terminal alanine of protein S5 and the temperature-sensitive mutation, ts 386, present in the rimJ mutant strain (Cumberlidge and Isono 1979) also mapped in this region. Thus, the order of genes is deduced to be: ts-386-pyrC-ts-1517 rimJ-flaT-fabD-rpmF-purB+ ++. PMID- 3911026 TI - Characterization and properties of very large inversions of the E. coli chromosome along the origin-to-terminus axis. AB - Suppression of a dnaA46 mutation by integration of plasmid R100.1 derivatives in the termination region of chromosome replication in E. coli results in medium dependence, the suppressed bacteria being sensitive to rich medium at 42 degrees C. Derivatives of such bacteria have been selected for growth at 42 degrees C in rich medium and we have analyzed representatives of the most frequently observed type: bacteria displaying, once cured of the suppressor plasmid, both rich-medium sensitivity and temperature sensitivity. We found, in all cases, that the chromosome had undergone a major inversion event between two inverted IS5's. One is located at 29.2 min on the chromosome map and the other at either one of two positions between 69 and 80 min. The consequences of such inversions for cell growth are discussed. Some of them result from the fact that the replication terminator T2 is located, in inverted chromosomes, close to oriC in the orientation which allows its functioning as a terminus (de Massy et al. in press). Our observations allow an estimation of the frequency of inversions arising from recombination between pairs of inverted chromosomal IS, which could be as high as 10(-2) per cell per generation. We also found that inversion reversal occurs frequently after Hfr conjugational transfer of one of the IS5's, in its wild-type location. This led us to propose a new mechanism of recombination, in which the incoming DNA strands serve as guides to favor recombination between the resident sequences. PMID- 3911027 TI - Interaction of purified NtrC protein with nitrogen regulated promoters from Klebsiella pneumoniae. AB - The product of the Klebsiella pneumoniae nitrogen regulatory gene ntrC has been purified and shown to be a dimeric protein of subunit molecular weight 54Kd, designated NtrC. In an in vitro coupled transcription-translation system NtrC inhibited expression from both the ntrBC and glnA promoters. NtrC bound to both of these ntr repressible promoters with equal affinity, but did not bind to the activatable nitrogen fixation promoters nifF or nifLA. NtrC makes contact with nucleotides flanking the -10 region of the glnA (RNA2) promoter at sequences homologous with the proposed consensus binding site. PMID- 3911028 TI - Binding of penicillin to thiol-penicillin-binding protein 3 of Escherichia coli: identification of its active site. AB - In order to determine the active site of penicillin-binding protein 3 of Escherichia coli (PBP3), the serine residue at position 307 was replaced with alanine, threonine or cysteine by oligonucleotide-directed site-specific mutagenesis. Since a unique BanII site exists at the position corresponding to serine-307, BanII digestion of the plasmid DNA after mutagenesis resulted in significant enrichment of the mutant plasmids. For mutagenesis, the gene coding for PBP3 (ftsI) was inserted into the expression cloning vector pIN-IIB. The hybrid protein produced was able to bind penicillin while mutant PBP3 in which serine-307 was replaced with either alanine or threonine did not lead to any detectable binding. However, contrary to the report of Broome-Smith et al. (1985) thiol-penicillin-binding protein 3, in which serine-307 was replaced with cysteine, was still able to bind penicillin. Replacement of serine-445 with an alanine residue had no effect on penicillin binding to PBP3. PMID- 3911029 TI - Role of Escherichia coli RecBC enzyme in SOS induction. AB - Induction of the SOS genes is required for efficient repair of damaged DNA in Escherichia coli. SOS induction by nalidixic acid or oxolinic acid, two inhibitors of DNA gyrase, requires the RecBC enzyme of E. coli. We report here that the nuclease activity of RecBC enzyme is not needed for SOS induction by these agents. We suggest that the unwinding activity of RecBC enzyme produces single-stranded DNA which activates the RecA protein to stimulate LexA repressor cleavage and SOS induction. PMID- 3911030 TI - The sfiA11 mutation prevents filamentation in a response to cell wall damage only in a recA+ genetic background. AB - N-alpha-palmitoyl-L-lysyl-L-lysine dihydrochloride ethyl ester (PLL) at sublethal doses causes filamentous growth of E. coli strains except sfiA mutants, which divide normally in its presence. PLL does not elicit the SOS responses as judged by lambda prophage induction, an increase of RecA protein synthesis or induction of the sfiA operon in a sfiA::lacZ fusion strain. Thus, it appears that filamentation caused by PLL is not an SOS function and might be the result of membrane damage by PLL, which is an amphipathic compound and at higher doses causes cell lysis. This indicates that basal levels of the sfiA gene product are sufficient to inhibit cell division in the presence of PLL. We have found further that the phenotype of the sfiA mutation in the presence of PLL requires a recA+ genetic background and does not occur in E. coli recA1 sfiA11, recA13 sfiA11, recA56 sfiA11 and recA441 sfiA11. All these strains, but rec441 sfiA11, however, regain the ability of sfiA11 mutants to divide in the presence of PLL after transformation with the RecA overproducing-plasmid pXO2. This supports the conclusion that the RecA protein positively affects sfiA11-mediated cell division in the presence of the cell membrane damaging compound, PLL. The basal level of the RecA protein in the recA+ sfiA11 strain is sufficient for this process. An increased level due to overproduction from the multicopy plasmid pXO2 exerts the same effect. PMID- 3911032 TI - The effects of hyaluronidase on interstitial hydration, plasma protein exclusion, and microvascular permeability in the isolated perfused rat heart. AB - Hyaluronic acid, a principal glycosaminoglycan of the cardiac interstitium, may have a role in interstitial hydration, interstitial plasma protein exclusion and microvascular transport process (Wiederhielm, 1976b). We have investigated whether hyaluronidase reduces myocardial hyaluronate concentrations and thereby alters these several physical aspects in the isolated rat heart. Studies were conducted in ischemic, as well as aerobic hearts because of the reported therapeutic efficacy of the enzyme in myocardial ischemia. Two hours of perfusion with hyaluronidase significantly reduced myocardial hyaluronate content. Additionally, hyaluronidase decreased interstitial volume of both aerobic and otherwise edematous ischemic hearts, and prevented ischemic induced increased coronary vascular resistance in ischemic hearts. However, hyaluronidase did not effect the albumin interstitial exclusion volume or microvascular albumin and sorbitol exchange in aerobic hearts. In ischemic hearts, the enzyme did not prevent nor enhance the increase in microvascular permeability which occurred. We conclude that hyaluronate is neither a determinant of interstitial protein exclusion nor microvascular permeability, but plays an important role in interstitial hydration. PMID- 3911031 TI - Cloning in Escherichia coli and molecular analysis of the sucrose system of the Salmonella plasmid SCR-53. AB - The sucrose utilization system of the conjugative plasmid scr-53 originating from a sucrose-fermenting Salmonella strain has been cloned in Escherichia coli K12 using pBR325 as a vector. Bacteria harboring a recombinant plasmid with a 4.9 kilobase PstI-insert were able to grow in media containing sucrose as the sole carbon source. A gene that directs the synthesis of a beta-D-fructofuranosyl fructohydrolase enzyme was located on a 2.6 kilobase SalI-EcoRI DNA fragment. Three polypeptides of 60,000, 39,000 and 25,000 daltons were detected by a maxicell system. The advantage of using the resulting plasmids for industrial applications is discussed. PMID- 3911033 TI - [Protective action of antioxidants on Escherichia coli cells immobilized in polyacrylamide gel]. AB - The object of this work was to find out whether antioxidants could be used for weakening the effect of free radicals on Escherichia coli cells immobilized in polyacrylamide gel. Some of the antioxidants soluble in lipids and water (ionol, Epigid, glutathione) protected the cells against the action of free radicals produced in the process of acrylamide polymerization, and increased the viability of the immobilized bacteria. PMID- 3911034 TI - [Effect of glucose metabolic products on the growth of a recombinant Escherichia coli strain--a superproducer of DNA-polymerase]. AB - The dynamics of glucose metabolites production by Escherichia coli CM 5199 was studied under the conditions of batch and continuous cultivation. Acetate and ethanol were shown to be accumulated in the cultural broth in considerable amounts, and the rate of their synthesis was directly proportional to the specific growth rate of the culture. Acetate inhibited E. coli growth as was found in experiments conducted in a turbidostat regimen. As a result, the specific growth rate of the strain decreased during both batch and continuous cultivation. PMID- 3911035 TI - [Changes in the electro-orientation of Escherichia coli cells exposed to disinfectants]. AB - Various disinfectants were shown to influence the frequency dependence of Escherichia coli electro-orientation. Cell inactivation by different agents was found to decrease the effect at high frequencies (5 X 10(5)-5 X 10(6) Hz). The decrease should be attributed to the fact that the barrier properties of membranes are disorganized and the equivalent electric conductivity of cells drops down. The microbiological control of the bactericidal action produced by disinfectants fits in well with changes in the electro-orientation of bacterial cells at these frequencies. PMID- 3911036 TI - Relation between antibiotic resistance and number of plasmids in enterotoxigenic and non-enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains. AB - We have investigated the relation between antibiotic resistance and the number of plasmids contained in 44 enterotoxigenic (ETEC) and 69 non-enterotoxigenic (non ETEC) Escherichia coli strains. Both ETEC and non-ETEC strains were resistant to one or more antibiotics at a similar rate, but multiple resistance in resistant non-ETEC strains was higher than in resistant ETEC strains, showing a significant difference (P less than 0.001) when subjected to Student's t test. Among the ETEC strains, those producing both LT and STa enterotoxins were more sensitive to antibiotics than strains producing only a single toxin type. On the other hand, resistant ETEC strains possessed a higher number of plasmids per strain than the resistant non-ETEC strains (P less than 0.05 by Student's t test). Consequently, resistance to antibiotics could not be related to the possession of a higher number of plasmids. Furthermore, our results support the hypothesis that there is a generalized incompatibility process between plasmids which code for antibiotic resistance and plasmids which code for enterotoxin production in ETEC strains, at least in those strains producing both LT and STa enterotoxins. PMID- 3911037 TI - [Clinico-morphological classification of opisthorchiasis]. PMID- 3911038 TI - [Changes in the white blood indices in experimental malaria in mice]. PMID- 3911039 TI - [Socio-ecologic concepts in the epidemiology of infectious and parasitic diseases]. PMID- 3911040 TI - [Copro-ovoscopic methods in assessing the role of wild animals in opisthorchiasis foci]. PMID- 3911042 TI - [Echinococcosis (etiology, epidemiology, prevention) (a lecture)]. PMID- 3911041 TI - [Basis for the possible use of the indirect immunofluorescence reaction for the serological diagnosis of tick-borne borreliosis]. PMID- 3911044 TI - [The iodine spa in Novi Sad (1897-1974)]. PMID- 3911043 TI - [Atypical beginning and course of tropical malaria in sailors having undergone long-term delagil chemoprophylaxis]. PMID- 3911045 TI - [Clinical experience on antibiotic therapy combined with benzydamine in acute respiratory infections in childhood]. PMID- 3911046 TI - Medicare fee reimbursement study. Executive summary. PMID- 3911047 TI - Minnesota Medical Association Medicare fee reimbursement study. August, 1985. PMID- 3911048 TI - Inside the Micro--6. Nursing use. PMID- 3911049 TI - Thyroid acropachy. Case report and literature review. PMID- 3911050 TI - [Studies of plasma gastrointestinal glucagon after LD100 E. coli infusion]. AB - We postulate that high plasma concentrations of gastrointestinal-derived glucagon may be used to identify severe sepsis and correlate with the effect of therapy. Eighteen adult dogs were separated into three groups: Group I-LD100 E. coli alone, group II-LD100 E. coli + tobramycin (TOB) and group III-LD100 E. coli + TOB + methylprednisolone sodium succinate (MPSS). E. coli was infused intravenously for one hour. Each animal was monitored for six hours and observed for a 7-day recovery period. Percent survival (greater than 7 days): I = 0%, II = 17% and III = 83%. Concentrations of gastrointestinal glucagon were 3417 pg/ml in group I, 5167 pg/ml in group II and 1081 pg/ml in group III at six hours after E. coli infusion. In group III these concentration returned to control values by 7 days after E. coli infusion. Increases in gastrointestinal glucagon were more readily induced by E. coli infusion than those of pancreatic glucagon. Gastrointestinal glucagon concentrations were related to the severity of E. coli induced shock and the beneficial effects of MPSS/TOB therapy. Therefore, plasma gastrointestinal glucagon concentrations may be useful in recognizing the presence of severe sepsis and directly related to the beneficial effects of therapy. PMID- 3911051 TI - [Changes in pancreatic hormones in portal blood and morphological changes of islet cells of Langerhans after hepatectomy]. AB - Hybrid adult dogs weighing 12 to 15 kg were laparotomized before, one week, and one month after partial hepatectomy: Pancreatic tissues were taken and examined by the PAP staining. Also, the animals were intravenously injected via peripheral veins with 50 percent glucose 0.5 g/kg before, one week, and one month after surgery, and their portal blood was taken before, 5, 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes after injection, and submitted to examination of insulin, glucagon, somatostatin and blood sugar levels. We obtained these results as follows. sigma IRI which represents an increment of insulin secretion after glucose loads, showed a decrease at one week after surgery (p less than 0.05) and an increase at one month after surgery (p less than 0.05). Somatostatin levels of portal blood showed marked increase after surgery (p less than 0.05). Observation on the area of Langerhans islets revealed approximately 4.6 fold hypertrophy from the size of 486 +/- 23 microns m2 before surgery to 2236 +/- 98 microns m2 one month after surgery (p less than 0.05). Insulin secreting B cells were found to contain increased secreting granules. Somatostatin secreting D cells increased 2.8-fold in number one month after surgery, showing mitotic figures. PMID- 3911052 TI - [Evaluation of the effectiveness and safety in the use of cold-diltiazem potassium cardioplegia in coronary artery bypass surgery: a first clinical trial]. AB - The effectiveness and safety of diltiazem (DIL), a slow channel calcium blocker, added in cold potassium cardioplegic (CP) solution was evaluated in coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery for 2 purposes; (1) protection of ischemic myocardium during cardiac arrest and (2) prevention of perioperative coronary artery spasm (PCS). Diltiazem of 15 mg was added to a liter of CP which was administered 10 ml/kg B.W. initially and 5mg/kg thereafter. The serum concentration of DIL was 570 ng/ml at the time of aortic declamping, 210 ng/ml at cardioversion and 150 ng/ml one hour after surgery. The left ventricular stroke work index was increased significantly (p less than 0.05) in patients treated by DIL-CP, compared with the patients treated by regular CP without DIL. However, CPK-MB values were not significantly different in either group. The incidence of PCS has decreased from 9.1% to 0.8% (p less than 0.01) after the use of DIL-CP. Perioperative myocardial infarction rate has also decreased from 5.5% to 1.6%. No major or long-lasting side-effects were encountered. We consider that DIL-CP is a safe and excellent CP in CABG surgery and we are now utilizing this CP in all patients requiring CABG surgery. PMID- 3911053 TI - [Bowel function of spina bifida]. AB - Bowel function of the spina bifida was studied by clinical assessment and anorectal manometric studies. Anorectal pressure profiles were well correlated with clinical assessment but not with recto-anal inhibitory reflexes. Early training of the defecation is emphasized to obtain good bowel function. PMID- 3911054 TI - [Juvenile periodontitis. I: Etiopathogenetic aspects]. PMID- 3911055 TI - [Gingival hyperplasia due to cyclosporin A]. PMID- 3911056 TI - Pantethine versus fenofibrate in the treatment of type II hyperlipoproteinemia. PMID- 3911057 TI - Some cellular and molecular aspects of the vascular complications of diabetes. PMID- 3911058 TI - Very low density lipoprotein triglyceride metabolism in diabetes. PMID- 3911059 TI - Glycosylation of lipoproteins: chemistry and biological implications. PMID- 3911060 TI - Pathophysiology of low density lipoprotein and high density lipoprotein glucosylation. PMID- 3911061 TI - The Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial: results and implications. PMID- 3911062 TI - The Diabetes Intervention Study (DIS): a cooperative multi-intervention trial with newly manifested type II diabetics: preliminary results. PMID- 3911063 TI - [Mesenteric cysts in childhood]. AB - 5 children with mesenteric cysts, 3 boys and 2 girls, aged 2 to 10 years, were admitted with acute abdominal pain. In adults the most common symptom is chronic abdominal pain whereas in children the onset of symptoms is acute due to intestinal obstruction. Sonography, performed in two patients, is the diagnostic method of choice. Excision of the cyst required resection of the small intestine in 2 patients, while simple enucleation was possible in 3. All 5 patients survived, and there have been neither complications nor recurrences. Early recognition and appropriate resection of these occasionally life-threatening malformations are associated with a good prognosis. PMID- 3911065 TI - [Difference between altered-cast impressions and dentists' impressions in distal extension removable partial dentures]. PMID- 3911064 TI - Effector immune mechanisms in cancer. PMID- 3911066 TI - [North American blastomycosis in an African patient--clinical aspects, therapy, immunologic parameters]. PMID- 3911067 TI - Primary pulmonary aspergillosis. A case study. PMID- 3911068 TI - [Trichosporon beigelii as a pathogen in paronychia]. PMID- 3911069 TI - [Use of a method of lipid extraction from Candida albicans cell walls blastospores. Ultrastructural implications concerning their localization and parietal microfibril organization]. AB - A chemical method for lipid extraction has been applied to Candida albicans blastospores previously to their examination by transmission electron microscopy. The results led to the concept of a superficial location of lipids bounded to the peptidopolysaccharidic matrix of the cell wall. This lipid extraction also allowed us to describe cell wall microfibrillar structures. Two types of microfibrills have been particularly identified: microfibrils of approximately 50 A in diameter, involved in a network of the cell wall intermediate layers and supposed to correspond to beta 1-3 glucans; fibrillar structures of 120 A in diameter, similar to chitin microfibrils, observed in the bud scar septum. PMID- 3911070 TI - Locomotor activity of rats after injection of various opioids into the nucleus accumbens and the septum mediale. AB - The possible role of the nucleus accumbens (ACB) and, in some experiments, the septum mediale (SM) in mediating alterations in locomotor activity, produced by various opioids, was evaluated in the rat, the drug being injected either into the left central part of the ACB or into the left SM. Morphine, predominantly acting at the mu-type receptors, given in larger doses (13 or 40 nmol into the ACB) produced depression of locomotor activity and catalepsy, whereas 2.5 nmol were ineffective. Co-administration of naloxone into the ACB suppressed the effects of morphine. D-ala2, D-leu5-enkephalin (DADL), a preferential delta-type receptor agonist, produced a biphasic effect on locomotor activity, namely an inhibition of it and a catalepsy, followed by a locomotor activation. This effect was observed after 4 or 13 nmol; 1 nmol produced a delayed locomotor activation without any previous inhibition, whereas 0.4 or 0.1 nmol were ineffective. Equimolar doses of naloxone, when co-administered with DADL, only partially antagonized these effects of DADL. In contrast, co-administration of a small dose of DADL and an excess dose of naloxone into the ACB produced an immediate increase in locomotor activity. Injections of a predominant kappa type receptor agonist, MR 2033-Cl, were ineffective. Injection of DADL, either alone or combined with naloxone into the SM (1 nmol) produced an immediate stimulation of locomotor activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3911072 TI - Country doctoring in North Carolina. Dr. J. H. Ellington and changing times. PMID- 3911073 TI - [Kidney transplantation in patients with diabetic nephropathy]. PMID- 3911071 TI - Characterization of the muscarinic receptor in human tracheal smooth muscle. AB - Muscarinic receptors in human tracheal smooth muscle were characterized by radioligand binding and functional studies. Specific [3H]-(-) quinuclidinylbenzilate ([3H]-(-)-QNB) binding to tracheal smooth muscle membranes was reversible, stereoselective and of high affinity (Kd = 47 +/- 4 pmol/l; RT = 920 +/- 120 fmol/g tissue). Inhibition of specific [3H]-(-)-QNB binding by the M 1 selective antagonist pirenzepine was found to occur at relative high concentrations classifying the muscarinic receptor population as belonging to the M-2 subclass. Inhibition of specific [3H]-(-)-QNB binding by muscarinic agonists revealed the presence of high and low affinity sites in nearly equal proportions. 5'-Guanylylimidodiphosphate converted high affinity sites into low affinity sites although its effect was minimal. Log dose-contraction curves of methacholine had Hill coefficients of 1.10 +/- 0.04 with pD2-values of 6.75 +/- 0.02. Inhibition of specific [3H]-(-)-QNB binding by methacholine, however, was best described by a two binding site model with pKi-values considerably lower. The difference between these affinity values points to the presence of substantial receptor reserve. PMID- 3911074 TI - [An explosive intestinal infection caused by Escherichia coli serotype 06 K 15]. PMID- 3911075 TI - [The first medical books and periodicals illustrated with photographs]. PMID- 3911076 TI - [Johann Sebastian Bach's eye operation and his surgeon Sir John Taylor]. PMID- 3911077 TI - [An observation in Broek in Waterland in 1919]. PMID- 3911078 TI - [Classical article. W.J. Kolff. The artificial kidney and experiences with it in the hospital. 1944]. PMID- 3911079 TI - [Ultrastructural localization of apamine binding sites in the smooth muscle of the guinea pig intestine]. AB - The location of apamin binding sites on the ultrastructural level was revealed by the immunocytoenzymatic analysis using antibodies. It was shown that apamin binding sites are localized on the plasma membrane of smooth muscle cells and in nerve endings. PMID- 3911080 TI - Monoclonal antibodies against MHC class II antigens elicited with a human non-T, non-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line. AB - A series of seven monoclonal antibodies recognizing cell surface antigens of similar distribution on a panel of leukemia/lymphoma and lymphoblastoid human cell lines was prepared by hybridoma technique after immunization with non-T, non B acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line REH. Immune reactivity of these monoclonal antibodies with B-lymphoblastoid and lymphoma cell lines, as well as with non-T, non-B leukemia cell lines but not with T-leukemic and myeloid leukemic cell lines (with the exception of myeloid leukemia cell line KG 1) was demonstrated by indirect immunofluorescence. No reactivity was observed with the examined human non-hemopoietic tumor cell lines, except melanoma cell lines HMB-2 and SK 1477. These antibodies immunoprecipitated a similar cell surface bimolecular glycoprotein complex consisting of two glycosylated chains (gp30, 35), as demonstrated by immunoprecipitation of cell surface 125I-lactoperoxidase radioiodinated, periodate/tritiated borohydride radiolabeled and 35S-methionine metabolically radiolabeled proteins of REH cells. These properties, typical of MHC class II antigens correspond also to immunoperoxidase staining of lymph nodes with some selected antibodies. PMID- 3911081 TI - Hemopoietic cell line distribution and immunoprecipitation of cell surface proteins recognized by two newly prepared monoclonal antibodies elicited by a human non-T, non-B leukemia cell line. AB - Two newly prepared monoclonal antibodies elicited by a human non-T, non-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line REH recognized distinct antigenic specificities characterized by the pattern of their immunofluorescence reactivities with a panel of hemopoietic cell lines and by immunoprecipitation of 125I lactoperoxidase radioiodinated cell surface proteins, as well as periodate/tritiated borohydride radiolabeled cell surface sialoglycoproteins. Monoclonal antibody anti-p30 (BraFB6; IgG2b) recognized an antigen similar in its distribution to MHC class II antigens and immunoprecipitated a p30 cell surface protein, radiolabeled by lactoperoxidase catalyzed radioiodination. Monoclonal antibody anti-gp95 (BraEA10; IgG3) reacted in immunofluorescence intensively with non-T, non-B, T-leukemia and myeloid leukemia cell lines, less intensively with lymphoblastoid and lymphoma cell lines of B-phenotype and no reactivity was observed with examined non-hemopoietic human tumor cell lines. This antibody immunoprecipitated a lactoperoxidase radioiodinated and periodate/NaB3H4 tritium radiolabeled cell surface sialoglycoprotein of approximately 95k (gp95) with variability in its apparent molecular weight, related to the origin of cells utilized for radiolabeling and immunoprecipitation. PMID- 3911082 TI - [The treatment of mandibular fractures in an historical perspective]. PMID- 3911083 TI - Why do doctors not report adverse drug reactions? PMID- 3911084 TI - The significance of beta-2 microglobulin in clinical medicine. PMID- 3911085 TI - [Thalamic pain syndrome. Clinico-radiologic correlations and treatment by intermittent stimulation of the sensory nuclei of the thalamus]. AB - The thalamic pain syndrome is classically due to a softening of sensory thalamic nuclei. In a series of 10 patients treated between 1977 and 1984 by the intermittent stimulation of the nuclei ventroposterior thalami, the CT-Scan showed in 7 cases the thalamic lesions and in 3 cases a parietal one. The clinical manifestations of theses 2 groups can be individualised. The therapeutical results with long follow-up are moderate with 2 improvements of pain of more than 50%, 5 of less than 50% and 3 failures. The place of this technique is discussed. PMID- 3911086 TI - [Stereotaxic biopsies (SB) of intracranial neoplasms. Considerations apropos of 3,052 cases]. AB - On May 12th 1984 a meeting on stereotactic biopsies of intraencephalic lesions has been held in Marseilles. All French Neurosurgeons and Neuropathologists involved with this technique were present. This report presents, in one hand, the result of an investigation on 3 052 BS and, in the other hand, the synthesis of discussions held on the limits and dangers of the BS, morphology of the biopsy instrument, means of the definition of the target and the microscopic histologic technics and results. PMID- 3911087 TI - [Functional evaluation of temporo-sylvian anastomoses by ultrasonic transcutaneous flow measurement]. AB - The intra-extracranial bypass using the superficial temporal artery remains a matter of controversy about its usefulness and indications. The improvement in ultrasonic technics allows henceforward to measure the blood flow inside this anastomosis with a good precision. In that purpose, we use a duplex Doppler system and a vascular echotomograph. This system brings us the necessary informations to calculate the blood flow: the Doppler frequency shift, the internal diameter of the vessel, and the incidence of the Doppler beam. The spectral analysis of the Doppler signals not only gives us informations concerning the local circulation but also the distal circulatory resistance. An intra-extracranial operation and this examination have been performed in thirty seven patients. The blood flow inside this anastomosis ranges between ten and 360 ml/minute. Patients presenting a blood flow superior to 40 ml/minute seem to improve more frequently. Otherwise there is also an excellent correlation between the blood flow inside the anastomosed temporal artery and its diameter. The evaluation of the cerebral circulatory index of resistance is a good criteria to predict the becoming of the anastomosis and the expected clinical improvement. The functional study of the temporo to middle cerebral artery anastomosis using the duplex echography-Doppler provides essential data to test their efficacy. The expected progress in ultrasonic technics will allow to know, the value of the cerebral circulatory resistances before the operation and so to predict the possible gain for the patient. PMID- 3911088 TI - [Tubular involvement during non-oliguric rhabdomyolysis. (Apropos of 2 cases)]. AB - The authors report two cases of severe rhabdomyolysis in a 23-year-old woman following a toxic coma with muscular compression and in a 34-year-old man after a febrile state. Despite clinical and biological signs of marked muscular necrosis, oliguric acute renal failure did not occur. However, repetitive urinary dosage of N-acetyl-glucosaminidase (NAG), of retinol-binding-protein (RBP) and of beta-2 microglobulin (beta-2-m) revealed an early and long-standing tubular dysfunction not suggested by conventional laboratory data. PMID- 3911089 TI - [Acute kidney failure of immuno-allergic origin after captopril]. PMID- 3911090 TI - Altered tubulin distribution in the hypothalamus of aging female C57BL/6J mice. AB - The effects of age and estradiol on hypothalamic content and distribution of tubulin and calmodulin were examined by radioimmunoassay in ovariectomized C57BL/6J female mice. A small (14%) increase in particulate tubulin, but not soluble tubulin, was found in the hypothalamus of reproductively senescent mice (20 months) compared to young (8 months) controls. This alteration was limited to tubulin; calmodulin content was unaffected by age. Post-castration serum LH levels were lower in old, ovariectomized controls relative to young controls, but physiologic levels of estradiol, achieved by subcutaneous implants, suppressed LH levels in both age groups. In contrast to LH and uterine weight, hypothalamic tubulin and calmodulin were unaffected by estradiol treatment. These results suggest that the negative feedback effect of estradiol on LH secretion is exerted by a mechanism other than redistribution of hypothalamic tubulin or calmodulin, or that changes are restricted to a discrete sub-population of neurons. PMID- 3911091 TI - Hypothalamic LHRH in aging rats: effects of ovariectomy and steroid replacement. AB - Hypothalamic LHRH was measured by RIA in young and middle-aged (MA) female rats in several endocrine conditions. Temporal alterations in LHRH content associated with the steroid induced gonadotropin surge were compared in medial basal hypothalamic and anterior hypothalamic-preoptic area fragments of ovariectomized young and MA subjects. LHRH content was also compared in ovariectomized, untreated subjects from the two age groups. Finally, LHRH content in MA constant estrous females was compared with content in young females on the morning of proestrus. In all conditions, LHRH levels in both brain regions of MA females were similar to, or significantly elevated above levels measured in young females, yet both the steroid induced surge and the castration induced hypersecretion of gonadotropins were markedly attenuated in aging females. Because studies have verified the responsiveness of the pituitary of MA rats to LHRH, the data suggest that adequate amounts of hypothalamic LHRH do not reach the pituitary. Rather, high levels of hypothalamic LHRH measured in MA subjects may represent accumulation of the peptide in LHRH neurons due to an age-related impairment in release. PMID- 3911092 TI - Special issue dedicated to Eugene Kreps. PMID- 3911093 TI - Action of brain cathepsin B, cathepsin D, and high-molecular-weight aspartic proteinase on angiotensins I and II. AB - The action of three previously isolated electrophoretically homogeneous brain proteinases--cathepsin B (EC 3.4.22.1), cathepsin D (EC 3.4.23.5), and high molecular-weight aspartic proteinase (Mr = 90K; EC 3.4.23.-)--on human angiotensins I and II has been investigated. The products of enzymatic hydrolysis have been identified by thin-layer chromatography on Silufol plates using authentic standards and by N-terminal amino acid residue analysis using a dansyl chloride method. Cathepsin D and high-molecular-weight aspartic proteinase did not split angiotensin I or angiotensin II. Cathepsin B hydrolyzed angiotensin I via a dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase mechanism removing His-Leu to form angiotensin II, and it degraded angiotensin II as an endopeptidase at the Val3-Tyr4 bond. Cathepsin B did not split off His-Leu from Z-Phe-His-Leu. Brain cathepsin B may have a role in the generation and degradation of angiotensin II in physiological conditions. PMID- 3911095 TI - [Redundant nerve roots--a review of its pathogenesis, clinical diagnosis and surgical treatment]. PMID- 3911094 TI - Evolutionary approach to the analysis of structure and function of gangliosides. PMID- 3911096 TI - Electroencephalographic and psychometric assessment of the CNS effects of single doses of guanfacine hydrochloride (Estulic) and clonidine (Catapres). AB - A double-blind, placebo-controlled study was carried out in 10 young healthy volunteers to investigate the effects of single doses of 1 and 2 mg guanfacine hydrochloride (Estulic) and 0.15 and 0.3 mg clonidine (Catapres) on the electroencephalogram (EEG), subjective mental and emotional state, blood pressure and heart rate. These doses are considered to be equipotent with regard to their antihypertensive effects, as shown in long-term therapeutic trials. Each subject received all five treatments in random sequence at intervals of 1 week. The EEG tracings were evaluated quantitatively by spectral analysis. Procedures were carried out before and at 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 h after drug administration. After clonidine the EEG showed increased slow-wave activity and decreased alpha activity, these effects being dose-dependent. They were of the sedative type and did not clearly indicate specific psychotropic properties. The subjective mental and emotional state questionnaire indicated a decrease of alertness, extroversion, concentration and mood (in that order), changes which paralleled the EEG changes. The changes observed after guanfacine were qualitatively similar to those after clonidine, but were of considerably lower intensity. Our data suggest that guanfacine has less central nervous system-depressant activity than clonidine. PMID- 3911098 TI - Values and structure in the German health care systems. PMID- 3911097 TI - [Protein carboxymethylation and its role in the regulation of neurosecretion]. PMID- 3911099 TI - [Myxomas of the heart. Considerations of 16 cases operated on]. PMID- 3911100 TI - [Evaluation of plasma renin activity as a cardiovascular risk factor in essential arterial hypertension]. PMID- 3911101 TI - [Study of cerebro-vascular pathology in the newborn infant using Doppler and frequency analysis. Preliminary results]. PMID- 3911103 TI - [Importance of real-time echotomography in the evaluation of atheroma injuries in cervico-cerebral region]. PMID- 3911102 TI - [Continuous precordial murmur caused by an inapparent Cruveilhier-Baumgarten syndrome: bedside diagnosis]. PMID- 3911104 TI - [Conservative treatment of injuries of the liver]. PMID- 3911105 TI - [Kidney transplantation at the University of Lyon. Surgical aspects]. PMID- 3911106 TI - [Non-immunologic complications in the transplantation of the pancreas]. PMID- 3911107 TI - [Validity and limitations of antibiotic prevention in surgery. Multicenter clinical study]. PMID- 3911109 TI - [Effect of domperidone on the pressure of the lower esophageal sphincter. Double blind method study (placebo control) in patients with reflux esophagitis]. PMID- 3911108 TI - [Effect of domperidone maleate on chronic dyspepsia and gastric emptying]. PMID- 3911111 TI - The role of the Dutch in the introduction of Western surgery in feudal Japan. AB - A survey is presented of the introduction of Western surgery in feudal Japan. From 1639 to 1853, through fear of foreign influence, Japan's isolation policy withheld all foreigners with the exception of the Dutch, who were permitted to establish a trading post on the island of Decima. Western culture and science reached the Japanese exclusively through the Dutch on Decima. Dutch ship's surgeons on Decima advanced surgical practice in Japan, which, at that time, was quite unknown to the Japanese. The study of the Dutch language enabled the Japanese to translate various Dutch anatomical and surgical texts, thus providing the basis for the spread of so-called 'Dutch surgery'. PMID- 3911110 TI - [Dietary factors in the genesis of gastric cancer]. PMID- 3911112 TI - Burns of the hand. AB - Estimating the depth of burns of the hand remains difficult and requires considerable experience. One reason for this is that the depth of the burn can change in the first three days as a result of vascular spasm and thrombotic processes in the microcirculation of the skin. Extensive burns over the rest of the body and edema development also influence skin perfusion. The pathophysiological changes of thermal injury of the hand are discussed together with the interaction between infection reaction, edema development and mobility. The guidelines for primary treatment of burns of the hand are discussed. In essence the therapy consists of closing the skin as soon as possible, to eliminate the edema and to prevent infection. Recently a clear controversy has developed between conservative treatment or surgery of deep second degree burns and deep mixed burns of the hand. The advantages and disadvantages of these two therapies are discussed. PMID- 3911113 TI - Correlation between a positive gallbladder culture and subsequent wound infection after biliary surgery--a retrospective study of 840 patients. AB - The possible correlation between a positive culture of samples from the gallbladder wall and/or bile at the time of cholecystectomy and subsequent wound infections was retrospectively studied in a series of 840 patients. Positive cultures were present in 138 patients (16.4) and 19 different bacterial species could be identified. Cultured bile showed Escherichia coli in 36% of cases. The wound infection rate was 9% (72 patients) with Staphylococcus aureus cultured from the infected wounds in 64%. Fifty-eight of these 72 patients (80%) were at high risk. In contrast with the literature, no correlation existed between a positive bile culture and subsequent wound infection. In view of these results there is no need to evaluate a Gram-stain during surgery. Antimicrobial prophylaxis should be restricted to high-risk patients and the antibiotics used must be effective against exogenic wound contaminants. PMID- 3911114 TI - [Mastoplasty without cutaneous resection. A new technic for the treatment of ptosis and hypertrophy of the breast]. AB - A new technique is presented for the treatment of mammary ptosis and hypertrophy. Its originality lies in the absence of skin resection and the use of the preserved derma for the reconstruction of the breast. In simple ptose, the derma will increase the stability of the mammary gland. In hypertrophy, the derma replaces the mammary gland, reducing the size of the secondary involutions. PMID- 3911115 TI - [Echinococcal cysts of the adrenal glands. Review and diagnostic discussion]. AB - Observation of an exceptional case of hydatid cyst of the suprarenal gland triggered an extensive review of the literature on the subject and an analysis of the disease from a historical-statistical, biological, aetiopathogenic, anatomopathological and clinical point of view. All these were analysed as an aid to diagnosis which is always difficult despite the many effective diagnostic tools now available. The difficulty derives essentially from the rarity of the condition and the fact that its clinical features often appear not to confirm or to underestimate the initial diagnostic suspicion. PMID- 3911116 TI - [Arsenic-iron balneotherapy in anxiety syndromes. Controlled clinical study at the Levico thermal baths]. AB - A comparative clinical study was conducted in order to assess the efficacy of arsenic-iron bath treatment in subjects suffering from endogenous reactive anxiety syndromes with somatisation. The study group of 76 subjects included 50 given the classic arsenic-iron bath treatment for two weeks and 26 untreated controls. Zung and Crown self-assessment Rating Scales amplified with items of socioepidemiological interest were completed by all subjects on entry, immediately after treatment and a mean 4 months later. Biometrical analysis of the data collected each time revealed a statistically significant (0.001 less than P less than 0.05) reduction in all parameters evaluated (anxiety, somatisation forms, consumption of drugs and number of medical consultations) among the treated Group. In contrast no significant difference was revealed among the untreated group. In order to verify the possible influence of climate the data on the control group, all local people, were then compared only with data on treated "locals". Here too there was a statistically significant reduction in anxiety and somatisation parameters only among treated subjects. It is therefore clear that the difference between the two groups is solely attributable to the arsenic-iron baths whose therapeutic efficacy is therefore confirmed. PMID- 3911117 TI - Effects of hypothalamic paraventricular lesions on sleep in rats. AB - In 7 rats 45-86% of the hypothalamic paraventricular tissue was destroyed by electrolytic coagulations. During the first 6 post-operative days the mean daily amount of paradoxical sleep was significantly decreased, and the circadian sleep walking cycles of paradoxical and slow-wave sleep were abolished. The slow-wave sleep rhythm then became normal, but in paradoxical sleep the acrophase was shifted, and in one animal the rhythm was completely inversed. Thus the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus seems to play a modulating role in the production of paradoxical sleep and in the generation of its rhythm. PMID- 3911118 TI - Identification of phrenic afferents to the external cuneate nucleus: a fluorescent double-labeling study in the cat. AB - In the cat, C5-C6 dorsal root ganglion cells related to phrenic afferents projecting directly to the ipsilateral external cuneate nucleus (ECN) were submitted to a double-labeling procedure using anterogradely transported Fast Blue and retrogradely transported Nuclear yellow. These afferents, certainly related to muscle spindles and/or Golgi tendon organs, are very few and terminate preferentially in the intermediate and rostral parts of the ECN. Our results confirm previous electrophysiological and histological studies on the participation of phrenic afferents to the spino-cuneo-cerebellar pathway ascending through the dorsal columns. PMID- 3911119 TI - Calcitonin gene-related peptide inhibits spontaneous contractions in human uterus and fallopian tube. AB - The localization and effects of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in the human uterus and fallopian tube were investigated. CGRP-immunoreactive nerve fibers were found in the muscular layers, around blood vessels and close to the epithelium. The oviduct and uterine cervix were more densely innervated than the corpus of the uterus. Substance P (SP)-like immunoreactivity was found in nerves with an overlapping distribution to that of CGRP-positive fibers. CGRP (2 X 10( 10) to 10(-7) M) dose-dependently and reversibly inhibited spontaneous contractions of uterine and oviductal strips, as well as SP-induced contractions in the oviduct. A role for CGRP-containing nerve fibers in regulation of motor activity in human female reproductive organs is suggested. PMID- 3911121 TI - Pregnancy obtained by in vitro fertilization in an ambulatory-care surgical facility. PMID- 3911122 TI - Ultrasound diagnosis of interstitial pregnancy. PMID- 3911120 TI - 1985 W.O. Atwater memorial lecture. Nutrition: the changing scene. PMID- 3911123 TI - Linnaeus: right and wrong. On the 250th anniversary of his MD thesis and of his first edition of Systema Naturae. PMID- 3911125 TI - [Experimental study on the form of occlusion in removable partial dentures]. PMID- 3911124 TI - Clinical significance of serum lactate dehydrogenase in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. PMID- 3911126 TI - [Dimensional accuracy of a 1-piece cast bridge made by lateral investing]. PMID- 3911127 TI - [Various aspects of the immune reaction after allotransplantation of the cornea]. PMID- 3911128 TI - Results of a double running suture in penetrating keratoplasty performed on keratoconus patients. AB - Parallel running 10-0 and 11-0 nylon sutures were used in 76 consecutive penetrating keratoplasties on patients with keratoconus. Removal of the 10-0 suture at eight to 12 weeks allowed for early visual rehabilitation postoperatively. The use of various trephine sizes and the use of a bridle suture versus a scleral ring were evaluated by several visual parameters. The incidence of complications with the double running suture was not greater than that obtained with other suture techniques. PMID- 3911129 TI - Long-term survival of cryopreserved corneal endothelium. AB - Corneas of five patients who received cryopreserved penetrating grafts 15 years previously were evaluated by regional specular microscopy and computer-assisted morphometric analysis. This technique quantitates changes in cell size and shape as well as cell number. Comparisons were made with five eyes in four patients 15 years after penetrating keratoplasty utilizing fresh grafts. In three patients, fresh and frozen tissue were transplanted in the same host. These examinations showed no difference in structure or function comparing cryopreserved tissue with fresh donor tissue. PMID- 3911130 TI - Onderstepoort today, yesterday and tomorrow. Commemorative lecture. AB - This lecture commences with a synopsis of the present activities and organization of the world-famous veterinary research institute in South Africa, colloquially and internationally known as Onderstepoort. Some of the major historic features which contributed to the origin, firm establishment and excellent reputation of Onderstepoort are subsequently outlined. Finally, the future of the institute is considered in terms of existing and expected scientific challenges. PMID- 3911131 TI - Hepatogenous photosensitivity diseases in South Africa. AB - Various hepatogenous photosensitivity diseases of ruminants in South Africa, caused by plants, fungi and an alga, are described. Information is given on botanical, mycological, toxicological, clinical and pathological aspects of the diseases. The intoxications were grouped according to the primary site of involvement and type of lesions in the liver. The aetiology, pathogenesis, and diagnosis of these conditions received special attention and the most important features are illustrated in colour. PMID- 3911132 TI - The effect of stress on udder health of dairy cows. AB - The appropriate literature has been reviewed for the purpose of defining the phenomenon of stress in lactating dairy cattle, establishing a baseline concept of lactation stress and emphasizing the most significant aspects of the natural mammary defence mechanisms. Data on the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) make it clear that stress is essentially the rate of wear and tear of the biological system affected by a stressor either eliciting stress of the organism as a whole or partly so. Owing to the variety of stressors which may affect the dairy cow at physiological and pathological levels, a definition of stress in the broad sense is indicated. This is essential from the point of view of the anti-homeostatic effects (metabolic and immunological) of lactation stress, aggravated by anti homeostatic effects elicited by superimposed other types of stress (e.g. heat stress). The lactating cow, as a ruminant in a state of sustained stress, requires a special profile of hormonal mediators. In high yielding cows, for example, acute and sustained heat stress promotes increased activities of prolactin, progesterone and catecholamines. Compared with the mainly glycogenic/glycogenolytic metabolism of non-ruminant mammals, the lipogenic/lipolytic and glycogenic/glycogenolytic metabolism of the dairy cow depends on hormonal mediators which differ from those of the former not so much in their nature but in their magnitude and ratios. Stressors induce the development of GAS reactions in the dairy cow. These enable the cow to create and maintain homeostasis of its integrated 3 main physio-pathological systems and thus to endure the stressor(s). The cow's compensating adjustments to a stressor are therefore the effects of stress. This means that natural lactation is the effect of the lactation stress induced by the cow's progeny (i.e. the natural lactation stressor). Artificial lactation stressors (e.g. removal of milk by hand and machine) may affect the lactation stress in magnitude but not necessarily in nature. Likewise, a range of behavioural, physiological, lactational and lacteal changes related to other stressors are the effects of different types of stress. Lactation stress, like other types of stress, shows 3 stages of development, i.e., an overcompensating alarm phase (= lactogenesis), resistance phase (= galactopoiesis) and exhaustion phase (= regression). They facilitate adjustments of the cow's homeostasis from the level of involutional homeostasis (= no lactational activity) to that of lactational homeostasis. Like other tissues in a state of stress, the lactating mammary epithelium requires a greatly increased supply of glucose.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3911133 TI - The epidemiology of infectious diseases of livestock. AB - From the time of the first modern studies of infectious diseases, by Koch, Pasteur, Theiler and their colleagues, it has been clear that laboratory investigation must be complemented by epidemiologic investigation. The measurement of all aspects of the natural history of a disease in naturally affected populations is necessary if we are to rationally design control regimens. Building upon a historic perspective, this paper presents a view of the present status of epidemiology as it pertains to animal disease control, and presents a view of the merits of expanding the use of this science in future animal disease control programs, internationally, in developed and developing countries. The basis for this view lies in adaptation of principles employed in human infectious disease epidemiology, and principles which guide the organization of international disease control agencies. PMID- 3911134 TI - The epidemiology of African swine fever: the role of free-living hosts in Africa. AB - The known distribution of African swine fever (ASF) virus in Africa is reviewed in relation to the distributions of its free-living hosts as are the infection rates of these species in different localities in southern Africa. Mechanisms by which ASF virus is maintained in its sylvatic state and ways in which the infection may enter domestic pig populations are discussed. PMID- 3911135 TI - The epidemiology and control of gastrointestinal nematode infestation of sheep and cattle in South Africa. I. The historic role of Onderstepoort and a short discussion of present research priorities. AB - The research activities of the Veterinary Research Institute, Onderstepoort, from its inception in 1908 until recent times are reviewed in this first article of a series on nematode epidemiology of sheep and cattle. While the taxonomic and certain biological aspects of the subject and the testing of anthelmintic compounds have been well covered on the whole in various parts of the country, the testing of control methods under field conditions has largely been neglected. It is suggested that all known methods of integrated worm control should be scrutinized and the most promising methods be tested under practical farming conditions in the country to reduce our dependence on anthelmintic compounds for worm control. Furthermore, unless we are able to employ the available anthelmintics to better advantage and thus reduce the tempo of selection for resistance, the situation may well develop where highly effective remedies are no longer available for worm control. PMID- 3911136 TI - [Method of treating pseudarthroses of the clavicle with bone defects]. PMID- 3911137 TI - [Pages from the life and career of Mikhail Ivanovich Sitenko (on the 100th anniversary of his birth)]. PMID- 3911138 TI - [From the epistolary heritage of Prof. M. I. Sitenko (on the 100th anniversary of his birth)]. PMID- 3911139 TI - Anomalous retinal correspondence--a review. AB - The theories and characteristics of anomalous retinal correspondence (ARC) are critically reviewed and a classification of ARC is proposed which attempts to reconcile various aspects of the different theories. It is suggested that ARC in microtropia, and perhaps some small-angle squints, is a cortical adaptive mechanism, whereas squints with a larger and more variable angle have ARC with different characteristics, which are better explained by the motor theory. PMID- 3911140 TI - Nortriptyline and fluphenazine in the symptomatic treatment of diabetic neuropathy. A double-blind cross-over study. AB - A controlled clinical trial on the efficacy of a nortriptyline-fluphenazine combination was carried out in patients with painful diabetic polyneuropathy. A visual analog scale was used to evaluate the relief of pain or paresthesia. Significant relief of both pain and paresthesia was obtained with this combination. The differences were statistically significant. Side effects were frequent but not usually severe enough to lead to cessation of these medications. PMID- 3911142 TI - [Multicenter study of the in vitro effect of imipenem (N-formimidoyl-thienamycin) on hospital bacteria]. AB - Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of imipenem were evaluated by agar dilution for 2 895 bacterial strains isolated in 9 hospitals. Imipenem proved highly active against Enterobacteriaceae, with an MIC less than or equal to 0.25 for 63% of the 1 556 tested strains, less than or equal to 1 for 89.6% and less than or equal to 4 for 99%. The different groups of Enterobacteriaceae exhibited similar mode MICs (0.12 to 0.25), with the exception of Serratia (0.25-0.5), P. mirabilis (0.5), indole-positive Proteus (2), and Providencia (1). MICs of most cefotaxime-resistant strains were within the susceptibility range. Imipenem also exhibited satisfactory activity against P. aeruginosa (mode MIC 1-2) and Acinetobacter sp. (mode MIC: 0.25-0.5). MICs ranged from 0.03 to 4 (mode MIC: 0.5) for Haemophilus sp. and 0.25 to 1 for Gonococci, regardless of beta lactamase-production status. MICs for Meningococci were less than or equal to 0,06. Methicillin-susceptible Staphylococci had low MICs, ranging from 0.008 to 0.5 (mode MIC : 0.016); MICs for methicillin-resistant strains varied widely, from 0.016 to 64, and were higher after incubation at 30 degrees C. Streptococci, except for Enterococci, and Pneumococci were highly susceptible (usually 0.008 0.03); MICs for Enterococci varied from 0,12 to 32 (mode MIC: 1-2). Except for four C. difficile strains, all tested anaerobic strains were inhibited by concentrations less than or equal to 1 (mode MICs: 0.06 for C. perfringens and 0.03 for B. fragilis). PMID- 3911141 TI - [In vitro study of the synergistic effect of cefotiam- aminoglycoside combinations on strains of low susceptibility to this cephalosporin]. AB - Antibacterial activity of cefotiam associated with gentamicin, tobramycin, netilmicin, or amikacin against Enterobacteriaceae strains either moderately susceptible (MIC = 4 to 32 micrograms/ml, 14 strains) or resistant (MIC = 64 to 512 micrograms/ml, 22 strains) to cefotiam was studied using the checkerboard method. High rates of synergic associations (FIC index less than or equal to 0.5) were found, with variations according to the aminoglycoside: 65% for tobramycin and netilmicin, 76% for amikacin, and 81% for gentamicin. Activity of cefotiam is increased by the synergic effect of these associations: of the 36 strains tested, 83, 78 and 76% became susceptible to cefotiam (MIC less than or equal to 4 micrograms/ml) associated with tobramycin, netilmicin or gentamicin, and amikacin respectively. PMID- 3911143 TI - [RU 28965, a new semi-synthetic macrolide. Bioavailability and pharmacokinetic profile after oral administration]. AB - The plasma concentration of RU 28965, a new semisynthetic macrolide, was monitored for 24 h after single 400 mg oral doses in 8 healthy volunteers. Four tablet formulations were compared in a 4 X 4 latin square design, to assess the influence of micronization and enteric coating on bioavailability. Plasma samples were assayed for unchanged RU 28965 using HPLC. Extent of absorption was equivalent for all four formulations. Micronization did not significantly affect absorption characteristics, while enteric coating resulted in slower absorption. In the second part of the study, plasma concentration was monitored for 72 h after a single oral dose of two 150 mg non-coated, non-micronized tablets in another group of 12 subjects. The following pharmacokinetic parameters were found (m +/- sem) : cmax = 11.8 +/- 0.3 microgram.ml-1, AUC = 132 +/- 17 microgram.ml 1.h, t 1/2 = 12 +/- 0.5 h. PMID- 3911144 TI - [Diffusion of fosfomycin in the presence of glucose-6-phosphate from discs for antibiotic sensitivity testing]. AB - A disc containing 50 microgram fosfomycin and 25 microgram glucose-6-phosphate (G 6-P) has been developed for fosfomycin susceptibility testing. The present study was designed to examine the influence of G-6-P on the diffusion gradient of fosfomycin in Mueller-Hinton agar. Discs containing 50 microgram 3H-fosfomycin and/or 25 microgram 14C-G-6-P were placed in the center of agar plates. Radioactivity of agar cylinders removed along the radius of the Petri plate at different times from 30 sec to 24 hours was measured. Results showed that the fosfomycin/G-6-P ratio throughout diffusion remained close to the initial ratio in the disc, suggesting that loads of both substances borne by the discs are adequate for antibiotic sensitivity testing. PMID- 3911145 TI - [HPLC, RIA, FPIA. Evaluation of 3 methods for the assay of vancomycin]. AB - We describe a rapid and accurate high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for vancomycin quantitation. This method is then compared with two immunoassays, RIA and FPIA. The chemical extraction step needed for HPLC is simple and rapid. Both conventional reversed phase HPLC and high speed reversed phase HPLC were tested. The mobile phase was a mixture of aqueous ammonium acetate and acetonitrile. Specificity of the HPLC assay was good. Serum levels in 112 clinical specimens assayed by HPLC were regressed against the levels obtained for the same samples by both RIA and FPIA. The correlation was good (RIA : r = 0.945; FPIA : r = 0.967). Considering the disadvantages of RIA, HPLC and FPIA emerge as the methods of choice. PMID- 3911146 TI - [Antibiotic sensitivity testing on the automatic MS-2. Use of antibiotic discs from 3 different sources]. AB - The MS-2 automate for antibiotic susceptibility testing was experimented under conditions different from those recommended by the manufacturer, namely using antibiotic discs from different firms. Susceptibility of eight Enterobacteriaceae strains recovered from urine to nine antibiotics borne by discs from three different firms was tested. Results obtained with the different brands of discs were dissonant in less than 7% of cases (major and minor disagreements compounded). Major discrepancies ranged from 2.8 to 4.2% according to the origin of discs. The reproducibility study found consistent results in 87.5% of cases, and satisfactory results (i.e. minor discrepancies excluded) in 93.5% of cases. PMID- 3911148 TI - [Diffusion of cefotiam into ascitic fluid]. AB - The large apparent volume of distribution of cefotiam (reported by Fourtillan et al. [4]), prompted an investigation of cefotiam diffusion into ascitic fluid. Eight patients with non-infected ascites were each given a single intravenous bolus of 2 gr cefotiam. Samples of blood and ascitic fluid were collected 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8 hours after the injection. Plasma and ascitic fluid concentrations of unchanged cefotiam were determined using HPLC. Peak concentration in ascitic fluid averaged 18 micrograms/ml and was reached at two hours. Concentrations were still high (approximately 13 micrograms/ml) at 8 hours, leading to further assays 12 and 24 hours after the injection in three subjects. Cefotiam concentrations achieved in ascitic fluid seem adequate for the treatment of infected ascites, given the antibiotic's MICs for the organisms most commonly involved. PMID- 3911147 TI - [Influence of antibiotics on the production of interleukin-1 by macrophages]. AB - Influence of cefoxitin and cefotaxime on interleukin-1 production (IL-1) by mice peritoneal resident macrophages activated by opsonized zymosan was investigated. Evaluation of the in vivo effect was done by examining macrophages of animals following intravenous administration of 30 mg/kg cefoxitin or cefotaxime. In vitro studies consisted in testing IL-1 production by macrophages in cell cultures in the presence of either antibiotic. In vivo IL-1 production was unchanged following cefoxitin treatment of cell donors, whereas a more than threefold increase was observed after administration of cefotaxime. In vitro, IL 1 production was enhanced by both antibiotics, but the pattern and extent of this effect diverged widely. Cefoxitin in a concentration of 300 micrograms/ml induced a threefold increase in IL-1 production. IL-1 production was increased tenfold and eightfold respectively by 150 and 300 micrograms/ml cefotaxime. When the concentration of either antibiotic was very high (400 micrograms/ml), the effect was significantly less important; a certain degree of inhibition was even observed with cefotaxime. Effects of cefoxitin and cefotaxime on IL-1 production and--as shown in previous studies--on prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production and sensitivity of immunocompetent cells to PGE2 may be important factors in the mechanism of immunological side effects which result in a modulation of the course of experimental infection. PMID- 3911149 TI - [Passage of cefotiam into prostatic tissue]. AB - 20, 30 and 90 minutes after a single intravenous injection of 2 g of cefotiam prostatic tissue and serum samples were taken from 12 patients who underwent transabdominal prostatectomy for prostatic adenoma. Cefotiam was assayed by HPLC. Mean serum and prostatic concentrations were respectively 157 +/- 39 mg/ml and 42 +/- 23 mg/g at 20 mn, 77 +/- 52 mg/ml and 54 +/- 2 mg/g at 30 mn, 36 +/- 21 mg/ml and 16 +/- 18 mg/g at 90 mn. Elimination half-life of cefotiam was 1 h 39 mn for serum and 1 h 10 mn for prostatic tissue. These findings confirm the satisfactory diffusion of cefotiam within prostatic tissue, although saturation occurs after 30 mn. Treatment of prostatitis by cefotiam can be expected to give excellent results. PMID- 3911150 TI - [Aztreonam. Diffusion into bronchial mucus]. AB - In a prospective study of antibiotics' diffusion into human bronchial mucus, we compared serum and mucus concentrations of aztreonam, a new beta lactam belonging to the monobactam group. Twenty patients were given aztreonam (1 g twice a day) for an acute purulent exacerbation of chronic bronchitis and divided into four groups according to the time of sampling (0.5, 1, 1.5 or 3 h). Samples were taken on the first and third treatment days. Antibiotic concentrations were assayed using agar diffusion and HPLC. Aztreonam concentrations were low, similar to those achieved with other beta lactams. According to the time sampling, levels ranged from 0.27 to 1 mg/l and 0.4 to 1.15 mg/l on the first and third treatment days respectively. Corresponding serum levels were 90 mg/l and 30 mg/l, respectively 30 mn and 3 h after dose ingestion. PMID- 3911151 TI - [Pharmacokinetic study of pefloxacin in 37 hospital patients under resuscitation]. AB - Pharmacokinetics of pefloxacin were studied in thirty-seven intensive care patients. Fluorimetric assay was used for determining pefloxacin concentrations. Serum concentrations were usually far above threshold levels; however, wide variations across patients were evidenced, with no demonstrable relation to physiologic status. For this reason, pefloxacin assay is useful in high risk patients to avoid subconcentrations. PMID- 3911152 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in chronic renal failure patients in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) after intra-abdominal administration]. AB - Peritonitis is one of the most serious complication concerning patients under continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). A Staphylococcus (aureus, epidermidis) is the causative pathogen in nearly 60% of cases. This prompted a study of vancomycin, a potent antistaphylococcal agent (MIC less than or equal to 3 micrograms/ml) in 13 patients with peritonitis. Vancomycin was used as single drug therapy. Kinetics were studied after a single injection of 1 g into the dialysate bag. Serum and peritoneal concentrations exceeding 3-4 micrograms/ml were found to persist for four days; half-life was 62.3 and 54.8 h in the dialysate and serum respectively. Peritoneum to serum diffusion varied widely across individuals. In 15% of patients, serum concentration exceeded the potentially ototoxic level (80 micrograms/ml) for a few hours. PMID- 3911153 TI - [Bacteriostatic and bactericidal effect of cefotaxime combinations on Staphylococcus aureus assessed by FIC and FBC-index determination]. AB - Activity of cefotaxime associated with one of nine other antibiotics (amikacin, dibekacin, gentamicin, netilmicin, sisomicin, tobramycin, erythromycin, clindamycin, and chloramphenicol) was studied by a checkerboard method with determination of FIC and FBC-indices. Four S. aureus strains were used: one homogeneous methicillin-resistant strain (S1), one heterogeneous methicillin resistant strain (S2), and two susceptible strains (S3 and S4). Strong synergism between cefotaxime and aminoglycosides was found only for S2, with no significant differences between aminoglycosides (index # 0.3). Cefotaxime and chloramphenicol showed synergistic or additive bacteriostatic activities and consistently antagonist bactericidal activities. Bactericidal activities of cefotaxime and erythromycin were likewise antagonistic, whereas cefotaxime and clindamycin occasionally exhibited in vitro synergism. PMID- 3911155 TI - [Study of the sensitivity of anaerobic bacteria using 2 dilution technics]. AB - We studied forty-seven anaerobic strains recovered from blood cultures or pus from deep infections over three months. Antibiotic sensitivity was tested using two dilution techniques. For both, a standardized, controlled inoculum was used and strains with known susceptibilities were included. The first method consisted of dilution of antibiotics in Schaedler broth and MIC determination using microplates. In the second method, dilutions in Wilkins-Chalgren broth with 1.5 g/l agar and ATB-API plates were used; these plates are specially designed for anaerobes and have not yet been marketed. Advantages of dilution techniques for antibiotic sensitivity testing of anaerobes are recalled. Our findings establish that, under correct technical conditions, results of both methods studied are consistent. PMID- 3911154 TI - [Evaluation of the sensitivity of Haemophilus to antibiotics by the modified API ATB system]. AB - A simple micromethod in a liquid medium using the API-ATB system was developed for testing the susceptibility of Haemophilus to antibiotics. To evaluate this method, 50 strains, including 12 beta-lactamase producers, were studied. Results were compared to those obtained using MIC determination in a liquid medium (reference) and an agar diffusion method (routine). For all three techniques, a Mueller-Hinton medium enriched in hemoglobin and NAD was used, and cultures were incubated at 37 degrees C for 24 hours in normal atmosphere. Influence of the inoculum on results was evaluated using the API-ATB method for all antibiotics and MIC determination for ampicillin; the optimal inoculum was found to be 8.10(5) CFU/ml. Beta-lactamase was looked for using the chromogen cephalosporin test associated with the API-ATB system. Values of MICs for the various antibiotics were consistent with previous reports. Paired comparison of techniques showed a 5.3% disagreement rate between API-ATB and MIC, with only 0.5% major discrepancies; in contrast, the disagreement rate exceeded 10% when disk diffusion was compared with the two other techniques. We conclude to the reliability and reproducibility of the API-ATB method which seems capable of improving current routine evaluations of the susceptibility of Haemophilus to antibiotics. PMID- 3911156 TI - [Blood bactericidal activity and clinical course of 168 patients having septicemia]. AB - The value of serum bactericidal activity (SBA) determination for assessing the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy was evaluated in a retrospective open study in 168 cases of septicemia. Outcomes in a first group (I) of 67 patients with a SBA of at least 1/4 were compared with outcomes in a second group (II) of 101 patients with a SBA below 1/4 or non-determined. Within these groups, outcomes of 37 septicemias due to Gram negative bacilli (subgroup Ia) and 22 staphylococcal septicemias (subgroup Ib) with a SBA greater than or equal to 1/4 were compared with outcomes in 26 septicemias due to Gram negative bacilli (subgroup IIa) and 22 staphylococcal septicemias (subgroup IIb) with a SBA less than 1/4. Statistical analysis of distribution of age, sex, underlying disease, biologic parameters and antibiotics given demonstrated no significant difference between the various groups. 56 patients (86.1%) recovered in group I, against 76 (79.1%) in group II; corresponding figures are 34 (91.1%) and 21 (84%) in subgroups Ia and IIa respectively. These differences are not significant (p greater than 0.05). Our findings suggest that an "effective" SBA fails to correlate with favorable outcome of septicemia. PMID- 3911157 TI - [Prophylactic antibiotic therapy using oxacillin in peripheral vascular surgery of the lower limbs. Preliminary results]. AB - The rate of postoperative infections in lower limb vascular surgery was first evaluated in a retrospective study of 416 bypass procedures (68 venous grafts and 348 prosthetic grafts) in 400 patients seen over a two-year period. 31 postoperative infections (7.4%) were found. Outcome was fatal in three cases. 70% of cases were due to a methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus. Antibiotic prophylaxis with oxacillin given during surgery and for the first 48 postoperative hours was used for the next 112 procedures (17 venous grafts and 95 prosthetic grafts) in 107 patients. The preliminary results show a fall in the rate of postoperative infection, with only 5 cases (4.4%). The only case due to a methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus occurred after a second surgical procedure without antibiotic prophylaxis. These preliminary results are promising although the difference does not reach statistical significance. However, it is of note that no patient undergoing vascular surgery for the first time developed postoperative infection. Further prospective studies are needed to determine the optimal antibiotic prophylaxis in lower limb vascular surgery. PMID- 3911158 TI - [Air decontamination and preventive antibiotic therapy in orthopedic surgery]. AB - In a private 160-bed orthopedic hospital, the effect of air decontamination and antibiotic prophylaxis on postoperative infections was studied. From 1971 to 1978, 5 016 orthopedic procedures were performed without antibiotic prophylaxis. Postoperative infection rate was 2% with the conventional operating room and 1.9% with the sterile room. The beneficial effect of vertical laminar air flow thus appears doubtful. From 1979 to 1982, prophylactic therapy with a cephalosporin was used for total hip replacements. Rate of postoperative deep infection fell from 3.3% in 811 hip replacements without antibiotics to 0.5% in 1 172 replacements with antibiotic prophylaxis. Our findings suggest that cephalosporin prophylaxis is more effective than vertical laminar air flow for preventing postoperative hospital-acquired infection. PMID- 3911159 TI - [Spinal hydatidosis treated by albendazole. A propos of 2 cases]. AB - Two patients with hydatid cysts of the spine were given albendazole. One patient had previously been treated by surgery followed by flubendazole. Albendazole was well tolerated in both cases. Follow-up evaluations included clinical, roentgenological, serological and, in one case, histological investigations. Albendazole sulfoxide levels were assayed in plasma samples from one patient and in non-diseased bone in the other. The treatment seems to have been effective in both patients, suggesting that albendazole may be of value in hydatid disease of the bone. Confirmatory evidence from a larger series is needed. PMID- 3911160 TI - [In vitro action of a new antifungal agent, naftifine, on dermatophytes]. AB - Naftifine is a new antifungal agent derived from naphtalenemethane amine and highly active in vitro against dermatophytes. We studied this action against more than 100 strains belonging to 16 different species of the Trichophyton, Microsporum and Epidermophyton genera. MICs were determined in a liquid or solid medium using YMA and YMB Sabouraud broths. Yeasts (Candida, Torulopsis) and certain molds such as Scopulariopsis brevicaulis showed little susceptibility. In contrast, MICs for dermatophytes ranged from 0.01 to 0.2 microgram/ml on agar (YMA Sabouraud) and from 0.2 to 2 microgram/ml in broth (YMB Sabouraud). These values are lower than those obtained under similar conditions with imidazoles and equivalent to those obtained with tolnaflate or griseofulvin. PMID- 3911161 TI - [Monitoring of treatment involving 5-fluorocytosine]. AB - The occurrence of hematologic and neurologic complications probably caused by an overdose of 5-FC has prompted us to study 5-FC pharmacokinetics in 10 patients under a 5-FC and amphotericin B. On the basis of our findings we have determined the optimal dosage that achieves desired concentrations. In 5 cases this dosages was found to differ from that suggested by the manufacturer. 5-FC concentrations were however higher than predicted levels as a result of the association with amphotericin B. A subsequent modification of dosage was needed in 10 patients. 5 undesirable side effects were recorded: thrombopenia (1 case), neutropenia (1 case), diarrhea (2 cases), and isolated rise in transaminases. In 4 patients with high 5-FC concentrations, chromatograms showed a peak possibly formed by 5-FU, suggesting that 5-FC may be converted into 5-FU. PMID- 3911162 TI - Does violent television produce aggressive children? PMID- 3911163 TI - [Dyskinesia of the biliary tract in children]. PMID- 3911164 TI - Basolateral membrane responses to transport modifiers in the frog skin epithelium. AB - Application of transepithelial square voltage pulses to the frog skin leads to responses in the transepithelial current and intracellular potential which include transient components. Determinations at 600 ms allow for meaningful estimates of basolateral membrane responses to transport modifiers. Oxytocin produced a large and sustained increase in the amiloride-inhibitable short circuit current (Im) which was accompanied by a large increase of both apical and basolateral membrane conductance (ga and gb, respectively). While Im and ga increased nearly simultaneously, gb started to increase several minutes after the increase in the two other parameters. Insulin also increased Im, ga and gb. As with oxytocin, the increases in Im and ga often preceded the changes in gb. Ouabain reduced Im and ga. The effects on gb were more complex, since sometimes the inhibition of Im was first accompanied by an increase followed by a decrease while in other instances only minor changes in conductance could be observed. The currently available information regarding the control of cytoplasmic [Ca2+] and the effects of Ca2+ on cell membrane properties are used to construct a model in which changes in cytoplasmic [Ca2+] account for the observed behavior of the basolateral membrane. PMID- 3911165 TI - Bouncy knee: a stance phase flex-extend knee unit. AB - A Bouncy Knee is a knee control device for use in above-knee prostheses, designed to give a natural flex-extend action during the stance phase of the walking cycle. Tests with an adjustable device fitted to an amputee identified optimum angles of bounce (peak initial knee flexion after foot contact). Subsequently a clinical trial was conducted with six patients. The patients' gait was assessed using an instrumented walkway and polarized light goniometry. Symmetry of gait was improved in all cases and the patients reported a marked improvement in comfort and increased control in downhill walking. After removal of the units, cyclic testing was carried out without collapse of any Bouncy Knee unit. The clinical fitting procedure has been established and a simple peak-reading goniometer designed to enable the prosthetist fitting the unit to assess its performance. A production batch, suitable for Blatchford Modular Assembly Prostheses, Stabilised Knee users has been made. PMID- 3911166 TI - [Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) using Fuji computed radiography (FCR)]. PMID- 3911167 TI - Simplified remedy for root sensitivity. PMID- 3911168 TI - Interaction of yeast polypeptide chain elongation factor-3 (EF-3) with different nucleotides. AB - ATPase and GTPase activities of EF-3 were similarly inhibited by various nucleotides including CTP, UTP and four dNTP's. The low specificity of EF-3 was in remarkable contrast with the high specificity of EF-1 alpha and EF-2 directed only to quanine nucleotides. The pH-activity and salt concentration-activity profiles as well as the above inhibition experiments coincidently supported that the same active site functions for ATPase and GTPase of EF-3. The stimulation of poly(Phe) synthesis was not observed with AMPPNP in place of ATP. The stimulation required ATP hydrolysis, probably catalyzed by ATPase of EF-3. Reflecting the low specificity of the ATPase, UTP, dTTP, dATP and dGTP stimulated the poly(Phe) synthesis. EF-3 appears to drive yeast elongation cycle using the energy from ATP hydrolysis by its ATPase without serving for GTP regeneration. PMID- 3911169 TI - Ambiguous incorporation of N4-aminodeoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate to DNA synthesized in vitro. AB - Molecular mechanism of the mutation induced by N4-aminocytidine was studied. The specificity of in vitro incorporation of N4-aminodeoxycytidine 5'-triphophate catalyzed by E. coli DNA polymerase large fragment was analyzed. The results have shown that this cytosine analog can be efficiently incorporated as a substitute of cytosine, and that it can also be incorporated with a low efficiency as a substitute of thymine. We have also shown that the N4-aminocytosine incorporated opposite adenine can be excised as its monophosphate at a high frequency. The N4 aminocytosine residues in the polynucleotide templates can be read by the enzyme as efficiently as cytosines, and guanines were incorporated opposite them. PMID- 3911170 TI - RNA polymerase: direct evidence for two active sites involved in transcription. AB - Photoaffinity reagents (3'-azido analogues of 5' ATP and 5' GTP) were used to label two different sites at the catalytic surface of the beta subunit of the E. coli DNA dependent RNA polymerase. These sites are used alternately and successively during consecutive phosphodiester bond formation. This result is consistent with our model of rotational translocation for transcription. PMID- 3911171 TI - Frameshift mutagenicity of dinitrobenzene derivatives on Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and Tm elevation of calf thymus DNA by dinitrobenzene derivatives. AB - 1-Chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene and m-dinitrobenzene were mutagenic on Salmonella typhimurium TA98 without S-9mix. But 1-substituted-2,4-dinitrobenzene derivatives which substituted by electron releasing groups such as OH-, NH2- or CH3- did not show mutagenicity on Salmonella typhimurium TA98 without S-9mix. Tm of calf thymus DNA was elevated by addition of m-dinitrobenzene or 1-chloro-2,4 dinitrobenzene, and falled by addition of 1-substituted-2,4-dinitrobenzenes which substituted by electron releasing substituents such as OH-, NH2- or CH3- groups. The mutagenic dinitrobenzene derivatives such as 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene showed the special changes in the difference spectra about four bases of the DNA and this compound. PMID- 3911173 TI - [Results of the treatment of lymphatic neoplasms with Vepeside]. PMID- 3911172 TI - [Evaluation of tamoxifen in the treatment of female patients with advanced breast cancer]. PMID- 3911174 TI - [A little-known history of Polish radium]. PMID- 3911175 TI - The woman in black. PMID- 3911176 TI - Nurse management: the last supper. PMID- 3911177 TI - Christmas: the finest art. PMID- 3911178 TI - [Treatment of diaphragmatic paralysis in the newborn infant]. AB - The paralysis of the diaphragm in the newborn is a rare pathological event. The "paradoxical movement" of the affected emidiaphragm can sometimes determine a important respiratory insufficiency. Medical treatment involves supplying oxygen, CPAP by means of a nasal cannula or mechanical ventilation with PEEP. Surgical plication of the affected emidiaphragm is recommended when a regular diaphragmatic function is not restored at 5-6 weeks of age and in the presence of serious respiratory insufficiency. Three cases are reported in this article which needed different therapeutical approaches. PMID- 3911179 TI - [Urinary tract infections in childhood: importance of immediate urine culture. Personal experience with 4176 tests]. AB - Since infections of the urinary tract in children often present diagnostic difficulties, it is essential to be able to identify these patients with simple, reliable methods. After a clinical-laboratory study on 4176 urine cultures, the Authors affirm that the reliability of this test is much greater when the parents have been instructed in the correct way of collection the urine specimen, and when in the laboratory the "slide" is carried out within three hours of taking the sample. PMID- 3911180 TI - [Bacteria and leukocyte count in the urine in the diagnosis of urinary tract infections]. AB - The count of bacteria in fresh, unstained, uncentrifuged urine specimens, using a phase-contrast microscope, magnification X400, and a hemocytometer chamber, is a simple method to exclude urinary tract infection. The specificity of this method is 94%, while the sensibility is 66%. We exclude an urinary infection when the count is less than 5 bacteria/0.1 ml. If we add to bacteria the evaluation of pyuria, the sensibility of this method does not change. On the contrary what we observe is an increase of the false positives. Bacteria more easily identified in urine specimens are E. Coli and Klebsiellae; the bacterioscopy has confirmed respectively 82% and 100% of positive urinecultures. The corresponding values for Protei and Streptococci are 23% and 20% respectively. This method is very simple also for teaching; it requires only a few minutes and is inexpensive. Its most useful utilization is the exclusion of urinary tract infection when the concentration of bacteria in the urine is less than 5 bacteria/0.1 ml. PMID- 3911181 TI - [Clinical trial of treatment with the preparation TFX "Polfa" of 4 patients with acquired immunologic deficiency syndromes]. PMID- 3911183 TI - [Skin tests with bacterial suspensions used in allergology]. PMID- 3911182 TI - [Cells of the monocyte-macrophage line and their role in allergic reactions]. PMID- 3911184 TI - [A simple method of the surgical treatment of sacro-coccygeal cysts]. PMID- 3911185 TI - [Tadeusz Tempka (15 October 1885-14 March 1974)]. PMID- 3911186 TI - [Comparison of various methods of heparin treatment]. PMID- 3911187 TI - [Diagnostic value of computerized tomography of the brain in epilepsy]. PMID- 3911188 TI - [Percutaneous fine-needle biopsy of the pancreas guided by ultrasonics]. PMID- 3911189 TI - [Role of vitamin A in the body]. PMID- 3911190 TI - Alternatives to conventional arteriography. PMID- 3911192 TI - [Development of child and adolescent analytic psychotherapy in West Germany and West Berlin]. PMID- 3911191 TI - [The beginnings of child psychotherapy--exemplified by the fate of an orphan girl]. PMID- 3911193 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of Mohr syndrome by ultrasonography. AB - A case of prenatal diagnosis of Mohr syndrome is presented. The ultrasound examination was indicated by the previous birth of an affected brother. The need for genetic counselling is stressed, when polydactyly is observed accidentally at ultrasound examination during pregnancy. PMID- 3911194 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of hypochondroplasia. AB - Prenatal diagnosis of a fetus at risk for hypochondroplasia, a short limb dwarfism condition similar to achondroplasia, was performed by ultrasound at 22 weeks' gestation. The limb bones were measured and shown to be decreased in length. The pregnancy was terminated. Post abortion X-ray did not show caudal narrowing in the lumbar spine but the pelvis had the features of hypochondroplasia. PMID- 3911195 TI - Prenatal obstruction of the ileum diagnosed by ultrasound. AB - A case of low atresia of the ileum, diagnosed prenatally by real-time ultrasound scanning, is presented. The ultrasound examination showed progressive distension of intestinal loops, with strong peristaltic movements. The stomach was also distended, presenting as a large cystic area in the upper left abdomen. Real-time ultrasound technique is most advantageous in the diagnosis of fetal ileus. Prenatal diagnosis of fetal intestinal obstruction is of great importance, making early and safe treatment of the newborn possible. PMID- 3911196 TI - Large scale production of glucose oligomers and polymers for physiological studies in humans. AB - Methods for isolating relatively large quantities of glucose oligomer and polymer subfractions from a partial corn starch hydrolysate (PCSH) are described. To ensure that the products are suitable for physiological studies in humans, potentially toxic substances were excluded from the preparative processes. For long chain glucose polymer fractions with degrees of polymerization (DP) averaging 43 glucose units, we employed molecular filtration through Amicon YM5 membranes. For fractions containing glucose oligomers with DP's 3 through 8, we employed yeast fermentation followed by ethanol fractionation. PMID- 3911197 TI - The role of patient education in the management of childhood asthma. AB - Because patient behavior plays a major role in the prevention or precipitation of acute asthma attacks, patient education is an important adjunct to its medical management. A number of self-management education programs for patients with asthma recently have been developed and made available for widespread use. Many are aimed at children over the age of 6 years and their parents. They are designed for use with several types of patients in a variety of settings. Evidence of program effectiveness is of uneven quality, but what is available suggests that a number of the programs can be of significant value in reducing asthma morbidity. Self-management education programs for parents of preschool-age children and for adults with asthma are much less numerous and well developed than those for school-age children. Particular attention is given to the process by which the AIR POWER and AIR WISE programs for children were developed, since this systematic development process is generalizable to patient education programs for other age groups and health problems. PMID- 3911198 TI - Improving the practice of pediatric patient education: a synthesis and selective review. AB - Patient education within the pediatric-care setting can be defined as any combination of planned learning experiences designed to facilitate adaptations of behavior conducive to health. It is directed both toward patients and toward significant adult caretakers in the child's environment. Additionally, health promotion and health education outside of the patient-care setting are required to promote child health. These efforts include legislation directed toward environmental hazards as well as community- and school-based health education programs. Although educating children and their parents is a routine part of pediatric health care, patient education efforts often reflect poorly applied principles of learning. Social learning theory provides useful constructs that can serve as a basis for developing, implementing, and evaluating pediatric patient education. These constructs focus attention on environmental influences on the learner, the role of modeled behavior for health outcomes in children, and the key concepts of perceived self-efficacy and family and social support. PMID- 3911199 TI - Education for breast self-examination: why, who, what, and how? AB - Analysis of the continuing controversy about the value and effectiveness of breast self-examination is provided and suggestions are made about the kinds of data needed to establish it's effectiveness. Research data about characteristics of women who perform breast self-examination regularly and those who do not and about the usefulness of mass communication, group efforts, and individual approaches to obtain regular and correct self-examination are assessed. Research and educational efforts focusing on six activities are needed: (a) obtaining regular and correct breast self-examination practice by women, (b) reducing delay by women after suspicious findings, (c) teaching physicians to do correct breast examinations, (d) reducing delay by physicians in referring suspicious cases to surgeons, (e) reducing women's delay after referral, and (f) teaching surgeons to do breast examinations correctly and reducing their delay in beginning treatment. Most of the research reported deals with regularity of breast self-exam, while some deals with correctness. The only intraindividual variables that have differentiated consistently among regular and less-regular BSE practitioners have been knowledge and confidence of ability. Very little research has been carried out on the other five activities and is therefore sorely needed. Suggestions for desirable educational efforts in each of these six areas are made. PMID- 3911200 TI - Nutrition education for risk factor reduction and patient education: a review. AB - Studies of adult nutrition education and counseling for weight reduction, diabetes, cancer, low-fat diets, sodium-restricted diets, and renal diets are reviewed and synthesized. Nutrition education consists of three phases: assessment or problem diagnosis, intervention, and evaluation and monitoring. This article examines the importance of accurate problem diagnosis, the use of behavioral and biological measures of nutrition education effectiveness, and the types and effects of reported strategies. In addition, the issues of maintaining behavioral changes, nutrition education providers and their training, and settings for nutrition education are discussed. Implications and suggestions for advances in practice, theory, and research in patient nutrition education are presented. PMID- 3911201 TI - Cancer patient education: reality and potential. AB - Cancer now attacks one in three Americans, resulting in one in six deaths. Yet, until recently, few patient education programs were directed toward cancer patients. This review examines the status of cancer patient education and suggests future directions. We focus on several aspects of cancer patient education, including needs assessments and programs in treatment, rehabilitation, and continuing care and evaluation. The most comprehensive patient education programs are those directed toward patients in active treatment; one of its tasks is to help patients manage treatment side effects. A major component of rehabilitation programs is counseling patients to help them cope with the effects of cancer. Many patient education programs have performed evaluations; most reflect difficulties in one or more areas, such as selecting appropriate measures or accruing adequate sample sizes. We recommend several directions for the future, including the use of appropriate measurement tools, adequate sample sizes, multimodality programs with incorporation of psychological techniques such as relaxation training and guided imagery, and assessment of the impact of patient education programs on costs. PMID- 3911203 TI - [Amperometric sensor for recording the results of immunoenzyme analysis]. AB - A technique for quantitative determining horseradish peroxidase was developed using an amperometric sensor that makes it possible to register up to 50 pM of the enzyme in the reaction of the peroxidase oxidation of iodide ions by hydrogen peroxide. The sensor, composed of combined carbon and Ag/AgCl electrodes, is intended for enzyme immunoassay and may be used for registering the results in the very wells of the polystyrene plates widely used in clinics and laboratories. The dependences of the initial rate of the enzymatic reaction on the substrate concentration and pH of the medium were determined, on the basis of which the conditions for the optimal operation of the sensor were found. The amperometric and spectrophotometric methods of registration on a model system for determining antibodies against X-virus of potato were compared in order to show a possibility of the sensor applying to enzyme immunoassay. PMID- 3911202 TI - [Comparative study of lipoteichoic acid from Streptococcus pyogenes type 29 isolated by different methods]. AB - A comparative study of lipoteichoic acid preparations extracted from Streptococcus pyogenes with cold and hot phenol and trichloracetic acid was made. The most delicate way for isolation of lipoteichoic acid from the given microorganisms is cold phenol extraction. PMID- 3911204 TI - [Cytological and insulin-producing characteristics of pancreatic islet cell cultures from human fetuses of different ages]. AB - A technique of obtaining one-layer cultures of pancreatic islet cells of human embryos of different periods of prenatal development was described. It was shown that cytologic and insulin producing characteristics of cultures were determined by the embryo development period. Cultures obtained by this method can be used in clinical transplantology. PMID- 3911205 TI - [Effect of pregnancy and progesterone on the activity of an insulin-dependent cytoplasmic regulator in the liver, heart and diaphragm of rats]. AB - The activity of the insulin-dependent regulator (IDR) in the thermostable fraction of the cytoplasm isolated from the liver, heart and diaphragm of rats as well as the glycogen level in the liver were estimated. The IDR activity in the insulin target organs and glycogen concentration in the liver were raised in the pregnant well-fed rats; a tendency to their decrease was observed after 24 h starvation. The range of changes between satiation and starvation was much more pronounced in the pregnant rats than in the controls. The IDR activity was also higher in well-fed rats receiving progesterone for 5 days and did not change after a single injection of progesterone. It was concluded that a raised level of progesterone in the blood was one of the reasons for an increase in the IDR activity in pregnant rats. An increase in the IDR activity in the insulin target organs under conditions of insulin resistance induced by pregnancy or progesterone administration testifies to the fact that the binding of insulin with its receptors is not a limiting link in the mechanism of insulin action. PMID- 3911207 TI - Fetal liver transplantation. Proceedings of an international symposium. Pesaro, Italy, September 29-October 1, 1984. PMID- 3911206 TI - [Mechanism of the increased insulin sensitivity of rats following physical training]. AB - A rise of sensitivity to insulin was noted in healthy rats living an inactive life in a vivarium as a result of regular physical exercises (swimming with load for 30 min. during one month). It was expressed in a drop of glycemia in response to insulin administration in the presence of glycogen load, in greater glucose consumption and glycogen accumulation by tissues during incubation with insulin, in a lesser rise of C-peptide and insulin levels after glycogen load. Muscular activity was shown to incorporate glucose consumption and oxidation mechanisms unrelated to insulin regulation. Physical exercise resulted in a rise of the activity of enzymes involved in oxidation of glucose metabolism intermediate products in the presence of a decrease in the insulin level. A conclusion has been made that physical exercises determine a decrease in a demand for insulin secretion in response to a rise of the glucose level in the blood resulting in decreased insulinemia and consequently in raising sensitivity to insulin. PMID- 3911208 TI - Cryopreservation of human fetal liver: factors influencing granulocyte-macrophage colony (CFU-GM) survival after cryopreservation. PMID- 3911209 TI - HLA-typing of fetal cells using interferon treatment in vitro. PMID- 3911210 TI - Hemopoiesis and immune functions in dogs following fetal liver transplantation. AB - Ten beagles were exposed to total body X-irradiation (3 X 6 Gy) and rescued with cryopreserved fetal liver cells from DLA-identical siblings obtained around the 52nd day of gestation. Grafts contained 0.2-1.6 X 10(8) mononuclear cells/kg and 0.9-19.8 X 10(4) granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells/kg. Hemopoiesis and immune functions were followed for up to one year after fetal liver transplantation (FLT). There was a prompt engraftment in all recipients. Bone marrow metaphases were always of donor origin, whereas some host lymphocytes circulated for 2-3 months. Blood granulocytes and monocytes rose to pre-treatment levels within 2-3 weeks of FLT and platelets and erythrocytes were normal within 3-4 and 5-6 weeks, respectively. The relative incidence of bone marrow CFU-GM was normal by day 14 and the absolute numbers of circulating CFU-GM remained elevated for one year after day 14. Blood lymphocytes reached control numbers between days 35 and 101 with a faster B cell than T cell recovery. Their response to mitogen stimulation was normal by day 75, while the mixed lymphocyte reaction tended to be reduced for one year. Serum levels of IgM (day 35) and IgG (day 49) recovered earlier than IgA levels (day 270). Thus, cryopreserved canine fetal liver cells can restore hemopoiesis and immunocompetence with considerable rapidity in histocompatible, adult siblings pre-treated with total body irradiation, and, since they lack mature T cells, may be used to analyze effector mechanisms that mediate rejection of T cell-depleted allografts under less favourable conditions. PMID- 3911211 TI - Fetal liver transplant in aplastic anemia and acute leukemia. PMID- 3911212 TI - Fetal liver infusion: an adjuvant in the therapy of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). PMID- 3911213 TI - Allogeneic fetal liver transplantation in acute leukemia. AB - Three patients with acute leukemia in first complete remission were transplanted with fetal liver cells from May 1983 to June 1984. A conditioning regimen of cyclophosphamide (60-80 mg/kg) and TBI 600-700 rads (a dose rate of 5-7r per minute) was taken. The hemopoietic and immunological recovery was rapid and complete in every patient. There was proof of chimerism in case 1 as demonstrated by the existance of the XX karyotype of donor fetus in 68.7% and 75% of marrow metaphases, in 25% of peripheral blood metaphases, by the appearance of new HLA antigens and RBC blood type antigens of donor origin. The serum alpha-fetoprotein level increased and maintained for 40 days in case 2, but definite evidence of engraftment was not observed. The allogeneic marker, the donor's HLA-antigens and RBC isoenzyme, were detected in case 3. PMID- 3911214 TI - Fetal liver transplantation in hematologic disorders. PMID- 3911215 TI - Transplantation of T lymphocyte depleted bone marrow to prevent graft-versus-host disease: its implications for fetal liver transplantation. PMID- 3911216 TI - A comparative review of the results of transplants of fully allogeneic fetal liver and HLA-haplotype mismatched, T-cell depleted marrow in the treatment of severe combined immunodeficiency. PMID- 3911217 TI - Monoclonal antibodies to drugs: novel diagnostic and therapeutic reagents. PMID- 3911218 TI - Oxytocin and mothering behavior in the rat. PMID- 3911219 TI - E. coli heat-labile enterotoxin. PMID- 3911221 TI - Towards automatic analysis of dynamic radionuclide studies using principal components factor analysis. AB - A method is proposed for automatic analysis of dynamic radionuclide studies using the mathematical technique of principal-components factor analysis. This method is considered as a possible alternative to the conventional manual regions-of interest method widely used. The method emphasises the importance of introducing a priori information into the analysis about the physiology of at least one of the functional structures in a study. Information is added by using suitable mathematical models to describe the underlying physiological processes. A single physiological factor is extracted representing the particular dynamic structure of interest. Two spaces "study space, S' and "theory space, T' are defined in the formation of the concept of intersection of spaces. A one-dimensional intersection space is computed. An example from a dynamic 99Tcm DTPA kidney study is used to demonstrate the principle inherent in the method proposed. The method requires no correction for the blood background activity, necessary when processing by the manual method. The careful isolation of the kidney by means of region of interest is not required. The method is therefore less prone to operator influence and can be automated. PMID- 3911220 TI - Monoclonal antibody and liposomes. PMID- 3911222 TI - Photochemical modifications of lac repressor: effect of effectors binding on tryptophan photooxidation. PMID- 3911223 TI - Mitochondrial DNA synthesis in non-growth condition (liquid holding) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Relation with growth stages and mitochondrial DNA repair after UV-irradiation. PMID- 3911224 TI - [Home nursing]. PMID- 3911225 TI - [From the history of the nursing profession]. PMID- 3911226 TI - [The time left its imprint (Zofia Rychwicka)]. PMID- 3911227 TI - [A social passion (Anna Biernacka-Setnickova)]. PMID- 3911228 TI - [The Krakow school of nurses]. PMID- 3911230 TI - [Przemysl anniversary]. PMID- 3911229 TI - [In tribute to those who have departed ... (Janina Dudkiewicz, Wanda Zofia Orlos)]. PMID- 3911231 TI - [Yesterday and today]. PMID- 3911232 TI - [Results of modifying the standard program of insight and relaxation psychotherapy]. AB - The inventory of methods used in insight and relaxation psychotherapy were taken as a basis for elaborating three additional psychotherapy programmes with the aim of better satisfying the needs of groups with different indications in respect of outpatient psychotherapy. The results obtained with these programmes were tested statistically, using groups of appropriate control subjects, by means of the pre- and post-test data of the MMPI, PAULI, d2 and a five-point self-estimation scale. The trend shown by the results achieved so far confirms that this differentiated therapeutic approach is correct. Further tests with large samples are necessary. PMID- 3911234 TI - The kindling phenomenon and a clinical application: the procaine test. PMID- 3911233 TI - [Experience using the Catathymic Picture Perception in group therapy of adolescents]. AB - The Guidelt Affective Imagery (Katathymes Bilderleben (KB) by abundant trials of identification and identity within an imagination in groups of youth to be taken ill with psychogenic and psychosomatic diseases is used prevalent for the treatment of the disturbance of ego. Psychodynamic individualities during the process of imagination in groups follows from the dialectic proportion between the individual and the collective psychodynamic of the whole group. PMID- 3911235 TI - Limbic system, epilepsy and psychosis: experimental studies and clinical correlations. PMID- 3911236 TI - Are the psychotropic effects of carbamazepine in manic-depressive illness mediated through the limbic system? PMID- 3911237 TI - Kindling and interictal behavior: an animal model of personality change? PMID- 3911238 TI - Complexities in the complex partial seizures personality controversy. PMID- 3911239 TI - Neuropsychiatric intervention in the rehabilitation of head injured patients. PMID- 3911240 TI - The criminalization of psychiatrically ill people: a review with a Canadian perspective. PMID- 3911241 TI - Patients who sign against medical advice. PMID- 3911242 TI - Multiple family therapy with severely disturbed psychiatric patients. PMID- 3911243 TI - In memoriam Muriel M. Gardiner, M.D. (1901-85). PMID- 3911244 TI - Sublimation and its limitations in Charles Dickens. PMID- 3911245 TI - Michelangelo's ignudi, hermaphrodism, and creativity. PMID- 3911246 TI - The joke in "The Moses of Michelangelo". Imagination and creativity. PMID- 3911247 TI - Psychoanalysis and biography. PMID- 3911248 TI - Gonadotropin releasing hormone elicits abnormal hormone responses in schizophrenia. AB - We studied the non-specific responses of GH and PRL to gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) in eleven male patients aged 18-30 in whom a diagnosis of acute schizophrenia was made according to Crow's criteria. GnRH administration was followed by a significant increase in plasma GH in five patients; plasma PRL increased in two patients. The two prolactin responders were also GH responders. Non-specific GH response was confirmed on repeated testing in two patients in whom GnRH stimulation was performed twice. During saline control, non-specific hormone responses were not observed. The abnormal hormone responses observed in acute schizophrenia are probably due to the disordered monoamine regulation characteristic of this condition. PMID- 3911249 TI - Rating scales and assessment instruments for use in pediatric psychopharmacology research. PMID- 3911250 TI - DSM-III-R and pediatric psychopharmacology. PMID- 3911251 TI - Bibliography on rating and assessment instruments for attention deficit disorder (ADD) (years covered: 1976-1984). PMID- 3911252 TI - Antimanic effects of clonazepam. PMID- 3911253 TI - The Biotes conversion prosthesis: a provisional fixed prosthesis supported by osseointegrated titanium fixtures for restoration of the edentulous jaw. PMID- 3911254 TI - Cellular fast-mixing techniques: possible applications with particle beams. AB - In the past cellular fast-mixing techniques have been used to investigate the time resolution of radiation processes that lead to modification of radiation response in bacterial and mammalian cellular systems. So far, published studies have been confined to effects with low-LET electron beams. The brief for this paper was to discuss where, and under what conditions, such a technique could be used to advantage with high-LET particle beams. Criteria for the experimental design, including conditions of flow rate, dose rate, and mixing times, are discussed. Radiobiological problems appropriate for applications of fast-particle beams are also discussed. These include studies to reveal possible multicomponents in cellular sensitization by oxygen and electron-affinic radiation sensitizers, studies designed to assist in the resolution of direct and indirect effects, and resolution of intracellular DNA damage. PMID- 3911255 TI - Recovery from cytogenetic damage of mouse bone marrow cells after continuous irradiation. PMID- 3911256 TI - [Angiographic detection of vascular lesions following injury to the brachiocephalic branch of the aortic arch]. PMID- 3911257 TI - [Use of ultrasonic tomography for diagnosis of focal breast lesions (experiences with a high-resolution real-time- and compound-scanner)]. PMID- 3911258 TI - [Efficiency and efficacy of neuroradiologic diagnosis of brain diseases in childhood]. AB - The younger the child, the more pronounced are the distinctions from adults in brain anatomy, structural changes, and neuropathological symptoms. Ultrasonography can give information about most age-typical conditions when the fontanelles are open. Craniocerebral malformations or tumors should always be shown by computed tomography. Magnetic resonance imaging has above all provided improved diagnostic information about myelination, nonhemorrhagic parenchymal changes, and infratentorial and peribasilar processes. Indications for angiography are limited in general to cases of vascular malformations. Isotope scintigraphy, ventriculography and pneumencephalography are indicated only in exceptional cases. PMID- 3911259 TI - [Workload in a roentgenologic department 1978 and 1982. Changes--causes- consequences]. AB - This is an analysis of the workload in the imaging department (number of exams and room time) from 1978-1982. The different changes are listed and explained. During the 4 years there has been a significant increase in Ultrasound, CT, and special procedures (invasive/interventional), whereas in conventional radiology the workload decreased. The origin of requests for diagnostic work-up was found to be not only due to the total number of hospital beds. It depends mainly on the type of clinical specialty making use of the beds. The consequences of these findings are discussed briefly. PMID- 3911260 TI - A review of advances in prescreening for teratogenic hazards. PMID- 3911261 TI - Carcinogenicity testing of drugs. PMID- 3911262 TI - Dopamine agonists: structure-activity relationships. PMID- 3911263 TI - Tetrahydroisoquinolines and beta-carbolines: putative natural substances in plants and mammals. PMID- 3911264 TI - Platelets and atherosclerosis. PMID- 3911265 TI - Update of cardiovascular drug interactions. PMID- 3911266 TI - Bioavailability of vitamins. AB - In recent years, there has been a reduction in caloric intake in populations with decreased energy demands. This has place a greater emphasis on the bioavailability of nutrients in foods because the total intake of nutrients is generally closely linked with total caloric intake. An assessment of the adequacy of dietary intakes of nutrients requires not only knowledge of the nutrient content of the foods ingested but also the extent to which the nutrient present in the diet is available for absorption and utilization. Nutrients ingested but not released during the digestive process for absorption are of no nutritional value. Bioavailability may be considered the relative absorption of a nutrient from the diet. An index of bioavailability may be extended to include the relative accumulation of a nutrient into various tissues. Various nutrients and dietary components interfere with the bioavailability of vitamins. Hence, requirements for vitamins cannot be considered independently, but must be evaluated in relationship to other nutrients and compounds consumed by an individual. An overview has been presented as to the factors that influence the bioavailability of vitamins in the human food supply. PMID- 3911267 TI - Nutritional epidemiology. AB - Epidemiological techniques constitute an important method of nutritional investigation. Historical and geographical evidence suggests hypotheses which can be tested by more detailed studies. Cross-sectional surveys describe populations and provide information about prevalence; they also enable the interrelationships of various nutritional and physiological indices to be investigated. The case control study is useful in exploring possible aetiological factors in diseases, but has the drawback that past dietary information is difficult to obtain accurately. Prospective studies identify predictors of disease and death; they are especially valuable in elucidating the natural history of disease, and supply good evidence on causation, but their duration and expense are disincentives to their use. Randomized controlled trials provide the most precise evidence about causation, and should be used whenever feasible to answer specific questions. PMID- 3911268 TI - Functional consequences of zinc deficiency. AB - Zinc is an essential trace element necessary for over 200 zinc metalloenzymes and required for normal nucleic acid, protein, and membrane metabolism. During the past two decades there has been a rapid expansion of knowledge concerning zinc metabolism in both normal and disease situations, including mechanisms for zinc absorption, excretion and internal redistribution of zinc after stress or trauma. Acrodermatitis enteropathica has been recognized to be a disease of impaired zinc absorption in man. A host of disease processes now are recognized to be complicated by zinc deficiency including alcoholic liver disease, sickle cell anemia, protein calorie malnutrition, and a variety of intestinal diseases including Crohn's disease, sprue, short bowel syndrome and after jejunal ileal bypass. Zinc has proved to be an extremely interesting mineral to nutritionists and physicians because of its importance in normal physiology and biochemistry and because of the diverse presenting features of zinc deficiency. This paper reviews ten functional consequences of zinc deficiency and emphasizes certain consequences in which there have been new discoveries concerning their mechanism (e.g., anorexia) or their clinical importance (e.g., immune dysfunction). PMID- 3911269 TI - Dietary factors affecting trace element bioavailability from human milk, cow's milk and infant formulas. AB - Bioavailability of trace elements is affected by the type of diet in which they are presented. In general, absorption of the elements iron, zinc, copper, manganese and selenium appears to be higher from human milk than from cow's milk or cow's milk formula while absorption from soy formula appears to be lower than from milk-based products. The effects of individual components such as protein source, carbohydrate, phytate, organic acids and other cations on absorption need to be assessed and the integrated effects of individual dietary components need to be assessed in the intact diet. While ideally absorptive studies should be performed in human infants, there is a need for developing useful and valid models for assessing trace element bioavailability. Increased knowledge about trace element absorption from different infant diets and the factors involved will lead to a better understanding of trace element requirements of infants. This will help in the suggestion of ways to improve means of supplementation. PMID- 3911270 TI - Neuronal excitability control in health and disease: a neurophysiological comparison of REM sleep and epilepsy. PMID- 3911271 TI - Polyamine biosynthesis in primary tumors of human central nervous system: review of current knowledge. PMID- 3911272 TI - Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in vertebrate muscle: properties, distribution and neural control. PMID- 3911273 TI - The pharmacology of fever. AB - The ability to minimise, if not prevent, large variations in deep body temperature that would otherwise result from some environmental conditions is a homeostatic function of unquestioned benefit that is demonstrated only by the more highly evolved animals. Nevertheless, body temperature is raised above normal values in many pathological conditions. This increase in temperature or fever is an active and co-ordinated response, which indicates the involvement of the CNS. Central injection and lesion studies have shown that the brain, in particular the PO/AH, is the site of action of fever-inducing agents, termed pyrogens. Electrophysiological data show that pyrogens modify the activity of central thermosensitive neurones as if to increase heat gain and decrease heat loss. The common response of fever to pyrogens of diverse origins is attributable to fever being mediated by an endogenous pyrogen released by phagocytic cells in the host. The mechanism by which central neuronal function is disturbed by pyrogens present in the periphery is not known. Tracer studies have yet to demonstrate the passage of a pyrogen across the blood-brain barrier. The possible involvement of several putative neurotransmitters and modulators in fever has been reviewed here, but most compounds have not been studied sufficiently to allow firm conclusions to be drawn. Much of the data is limited to the effects of the putative mediators on normal thermoregulation but, even when the effect is hyperthermia, such observations do not necessarily indicate a role for the endogenous material in fever. Dose-response curves for agonists and the effects of antagonists are often undetermined. This shortfall in data is due to some extent to the nature of fever; a central response in vivo over several hours. Although fever may enhance other host reactions to combat infection and inflammation, neither this benefit nor the undesirability of antipyretic therapy has been demonstrated unequivocally in either homeothermic laboratory animals or humans. Consequently, antipyretic drugs continue to be used clinically to alleviate the fever, malaise and/or pain commonly associated with disease. The drugs in common usage are the nonsteroidal antipyretic analgesics, many of which also have an anti-inflammatory effect. The primary mode of action of these drugs as antipyretics appears at present to be the inhibition of cyclo-oxygenase and a consequent reduction of prostanoid material in pyrogen-sensitive areas of the brain.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3911274 TI - Gene conversion in trypanosome antigenic variation. PMID- 3911275 TI - Comparative anatomy of 16-S-like ribosomal RNA. PMID- 3911276 TI - The role of the anticodon in recognition of tRNA by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. PMID- 3911277 TI - Properties and spatial arrangement of components in preinitiation complexes of eukaryotic protein synthesis. PMID- 3911278 TI - Hypermodified nucleosides of tRNA: synthesis, chemistry, and structural features of biological interest. PMID- 3911279 TI - Ribosomal translocation: facts and models. PMID- 3911280 TI - Pseudodementia. AB - The term pseudodementia is applied to the range of functional psychiatric conditions such as depression, schizophrenia and hysteria that may mimic organic dementia, but are essentially reversible on treatment. Depression is the commonest cause of pseudodementia in the elderly and is also the commonest treatable condition misdiagnosed as dementia. Diagnosis and management of depressive pseudodementia are discussed, and the systematic and thorough treatment of the depression is emphasized. Issues such as the diagnosis of early dementia, mental stress in the elderly resulting in confusion, patients with nonprogressive intellectual or neurological deficits, patients with a diagnosis of mixed depression and dementia, and depression as a precursor of dementia are all briefly considered. PMID- 3911281 TI - Practical guidelines for the antemortem diagnosis of senile dementia of the Alzheimer type. AB - SDAT is the most common type of dementia in the elderly but is difficult to diagnose antemortem. The clinical assessment gives a 80% accuracy of diagnosis. 18F-DG is currently the best imaging technique for the diagnosis of SDAT in vivo. A cortical biopsy with histology and assay of CAT is required to give a diagnosis of definite SDAT. PMID- 3911283 TI - Vasopressin and related peptides: animal and human studies. AB - In animals, vasopressin and related peptides are present in specific neuronal pathways in the brain and modulate brain processes. It has been suggested that in particular memory processes, including consolidation and retrieval, short and long term memories are facilitated by vasopressin. Evidence has been presented that endogenous vasopressin is involved in these processes. But also other effects of these peptides e.g. an attenuation of acquisition of heroin self administration have been reported. Vasopressin and related peptides have been administered to humans in a number of studies including volunteers and various patient populations with and without complaints about memory. Beneficial effects on several aspects of memory, learning, attention and concentration have been found, but not in all studies. Patients with severe deficits seem to benefit less from the peptide treatment. This may be related to the amount of brain damage. Beneficial effects of vasopressin treatment have been reported in schizophrenics and heroin addicts. In addition effects on social behavior, energy and mood of certain patients have been noted. The target patient population for vasopressin neuropeptide is thus not yet well defined. With respect to cognitive disorders, sophisticated neuropsychological test procedures, including information processing tasks, may contribute to define such a patient population. These tasks may also be applied for treatment evaluation. It should however be kept in mind that other interesting influences of vasopressin e.g. on social behavior, mood and addictive behavior, may also appear of clinical significance. Future studies in humans may yield more detailed information in this respect.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3911282 TI - Correlative studies in Alzheimer's disease. AB - An approach is described for establishing and maintaining a correlative study of Alzheimer's Disease. A sample of the findings by the University of Western Ontario (U.W.O.) Dementia Study Group is provided. PMID- 3911284 TI - Early organiform impairment test (OFIT). A new performance test for assessment of early cognitive impairment. AB - No satisfactory tests are available to a) document and b) monitor the short term effects of various pharmacological agents on early, and hopefully reversible, organic cognitive impairment in otherwise healthy individuals. A new test battery, Organiform Impairment Test (OFIT), is based on the clinical observation that impairment of the ability to operate simultaneously with a number of mental sets and stimuli is one of the first clinical manifestations in the early stages of organic brain pathology. This battery can be administered in 20-30 minutes and is partly automated. It has been standardized on 167 normal subjects in age ranges from 15 to 80 years. Any score below 50 on the battery in subjects under 80 years of age should be regarded with suspicion. PMID- 3911285 TI - An open clinical trial of clonazepam in the treatment of patients with recurrent panic attacks. AB - Imipramine, phenelzine and alprazolam have each been shown to be efficacious in the treatment of panic disorder and in agoraphobia with panic attacks. Clonazepam, a 1,4 benzodiazepine derivative used mainly in neurology as an anti epileptic, has specific pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties which would make it an advantageous antipanic agent. We report 8 cases of recurrent panic attacks which were successfully treated with clonazepam. PMID- 3911286 TI - [Interactions between actin and actin-binding proteins]. PMID- 3911287 TI - [Very high efficiency chromatography of peptides]. PMID- 3911288 TI - [RNA polymerase]. PMID- 3911289 TI - [Growth factor receptors and oncogene products; insulin receptor]. PMID- 3911290 TI - [Focusing into tumor and/or fetal-associated alkaline phosphatases and its translocation mechanism to blood stream--recent progress in studies on alkaline phosphatases]. PMID- 3911291 TI - Are the renal functional changes of human pregnancy caused by prostacyclin? AB - To investigate the hypothesis of others that the many characteristic physiological alterations of pregnancy are due to prostacyclin, the effects of this vasodilator prostaglandin on renal function and related variables were measured. Intravenous infusion of prostacyclin (7 ng/kg/min) for 90 minutes in seven healthy male volunteers resulting in a significant fall in diastolic blood pressure and increase in heart rate. No significant change occurred in renal plasma flow or glomerular filtration rate in response to the prostacyclin, but there were significant falls in uric acid clearance (16 +/- 1.3----10 +/- 1.5 ml/min/ 1.73m2) and in free water clearance (4.0 +/- 1.1-----0.5 +/- 0.4 ml/min) both of which rose rapidly to pre-infusion levels upon cessation of prostacyclin infusion. Plasma renin and aldosterone levels rose sharply during prostacyclin infusion, falling to pre-infusion levels rapidly afterwards. Although the haemodynamic alterations were similar, the renal functional effects of prostacyclin infusion were quite different from (and often opposite in direction to) those of normal pregnancy. This acute study therefore does not add support to the hypothesis suggested by others that these alterations in pregnancy are due to prostacyclin, and that deficiency of prostacyclin will lead to the changes of pregnancy-associated hypertension. PMID- 3911293 TI - Binding of prostacyclin by plasma glycoproteins. AB - The binding of prostacyclin (PGI2) to plasma proteins and the resulting increase in PGI2 stability was investigated. Using gel filtration to separate bound and free PGI2, we have found that Cohn Fraction VI can bind PGI2, and retard its hydrolysis to 6-keto-PGF1 alpha (6KPGF1 alpha). The biological activity of the bound PGI2 correlated well with the quantity of bound PGI2, measured as 6KPGF1 alpha by RIA. Fraction VI bound a greater percentage of PGI2 than the other eicosanoids tested (i.e., PGI2 greater than TXB2 greater than LTB4 greater than PGE1 greater than PGF2 alpha). The PGI2 binding activity of Fraction VI was lost after neuraminidase treatment. Our data suggest that Fraction VI glycoproteins may play an important role in the binding and stabilization of PGI2 by plasma proteins. PMID- 3911292 TI - Influence of chronic antigen exposure on the metabolism of PGH2 by microsomal preparations of airway and parenchymal tissues in the sheep. AB - The effects of repeated antigen exposure on the synthesis of mediators by lung tissues are not well understood. To investigate the influence of antigen challenge on the synthesis of prostaglandins by central airway and peripheral lung tissues, fourteen sensitive sheep underwent biweekly exposure to aerosolized Ascaris suum antigen (7) or saline (7). Following the fifth exposure, microsomal and high speed supernatant fractions were prepared from trachealis muscle and lung parenchyma. Synthesis of thromboxane (TX) A2, prostaglandin (PG) D2 and PGI2 from the PG endoperoxide intermediate, PGH2, was assayed over a range of substrate concentrations from 3-200 microM. Synthesis of PGI2 by trachealis microsomes was approximately 5-fold greater than that of TXA2. PGI2 and TXA2 production was identical in tracheal preparations from Ascaris- and saline exposed animals. In parenchymal tissues, where TXA2 production predominated over PGI2 by 9-fold, preparations from Ascaris-exposed animals synthesized 50% more TXA2 than controls at PGH2 concentrations of 25 microM and above, whereas synthesis of PGI2 and PGD2 were similar in preparations from both groups of animals. The density of pulmonary mast cells was decreased by 21% in the Ascaris group, whereas polymorphonuclear leukocyte density was unchanged. These results demonstrate the differential synthesis of TXA2 and PGI2 in central airways and peripheral lung regions of the sheep. They further indicate that repeated exposure of the airways to antigen selectively enhances TXA2 synthesis in the lung periphery of sensitized animals. The site of this increased enzymatic activity, whether in resident cells or newly-infiltrated cells, has not been determined. PMID- 3911294 TI - Ectopic pregnancy among early abortion patients: does prostaglandin reduce the incidence? AB - The availability and efficacy of prostaglandin (PG) F2 alpha and E series analogues has prompted their frequent use for pregnancy interruption. In the course of evaluating our experience with PGs for interrupting early first trimester gestations, we became increasingly impressed by the absence of any with extrauterine pregnancy. A review of 63 reports encompassing 2,965 patients whose pregnancies were less than 8 weeks' gestational age dating from the last menstrual period and who were similarly treated yielded only 2 cases of ectopic pregnancy. When compared with the generally accepted ectopic gestation rates of the order of 1 in 200 pregnancies, this frequency of 1 in 1,483 is unexpectedly low. Preselection does not appear to explain this impressive discrepancy. If the observation proves correct, it implies that PGs have some form of therapeutic effect in eradicating extrauterine pregnancy by nonoperative means. The implications are obvious in terms of its potential therapeutic benefits. PMID- 3911296 TI - The influence of modeling fluids on the condensation and sintering of aluminous porcelain. PMID- 3911295 TI - Effects of angiotensin I and II and their interactions with some prostanoids in perfused human umbilical arteries. AB - In perfused human umbilical arteries both angiotensin I and II induced vasoconstriction with a monophasic response. Angiotensin I and II induced vasoconstrictions at doses greater than or equal to 10(-8) M and 10(-9) M respectively. Captopril inhibited the angiotensin I response while the angiotensin II receptor blocker Sar1-Ala8 AII inhibited the effect of both angiotensins. PGI2 attenuated the angiotensin II response in a dose dependent pattern. PGE2 and PGF2 alpha in concentrations below the critical levels for creating pressure responses per se, also attenuated the angiotensin II response. The cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin potentiated the angiotensin II response indicating that endogenous production of prostanoids is of importance in the modulation of angiotensin effects. PMID- 3911297 TI - Interim removable partial dentures: a modified technique. PMID- 3911298 TI - Effect of quenching versus bench cooling on bond strength of four ceramo-metal alloy systems. PMID- 3911300 TI - Receptor hooks for the attachment of J hooks to removable appliances. PMID- 3911301 TI - The use of color in designing removable partial dentures. PMID- 3911299 TI - An immediate interim removable partial denture obturator for the cleft palate patient. PMID- 3911302 TI - Role of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) in the neurogenic vasodilatation of the portal vein in the rabbit. AB - A coarse network of nerve fibres displaying immunoreactivity for vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) was found in the wall of the hepatic portal vein of the rabbit. Electrical field stimulation of the rabbit portal vein in vitro, in the presence of adrenergic and cholinergic blockade, caused a marked relaxation of the vessel and a release of VIP into the perfusate. Addition of VIP to the tissue bath elicited a concentration-dependent inhibition of the mechanical activity of the portal vein. The results suggest that VIP containing neurones might participate in the non-cholinergic, non-adrenergic vasodilatation of the portal vein in the rabbit. PMID- 3911303 TI - Cholecystokinin-octapeptide like immunoreactivity in the area postrema of the rat and cat. AB - The distribution of cholecystokinin-8 (CCK-8)-like immunoreactivity in the area postrema of the rat and cat was visualized using the peroxidase, antiperoxidase technique. In the rat the greatest amount of immunostaining occurred in peripheral regions of the area postrema at intermediate and rostral levels. Caudally, scattered immunoreactivity predominated. After colchicine treatment, numerous immunoreactive somata were observed throughout the area postrema. The cat area postrema had a different and more complex pattern of immunostaining than the rat. Moderate to dense accumulations of immunostaining occurred in the ventromedial region of the area postrema bordering the solitary tract and dorsal vagal nuclei. The central region of the area postrema possessed scattered amounts of immunoreactivity at rostral levels. Following colchicine treatment, no visible CCK-8-like immunoreactive cell bodies were observed in the cat area postrema. Results of the present investigation provide morphological evidence for the role of CCK-8 in cardiovascular regulation and satiety. The difference in the distribution of CCK-8 in the rat and cat suggest a possible role in the emetic reflex. PMID- 3911304 TI - [New radiological areas. Diagnosis and therapy with non-ionizing radiation]. PMID- 3911305 TI - [Sequential angio-urography (SAU) with photographic image subtraction]. AB - Urography was performed in 250 patients: the technique of bolus injection of a large quantity of contrast medium was used in every case. By means of rapid seriography the early vascular phase was shown and reproduced, when necessary, with image subtraction. The abdominal aorta and the renal arteries were demonstrated in 97.6% of cases. Altogether, in 34.4% of cases the existence of pathological conditions non demonstrable by conventional urography was ascertained; in 12.4% of cases extrarenal pathology was diagnosed. This technique is suggested to be used sistematically, as an alternative to DSA, where digital equipments are not available. PMID- 3911306 TI - [Subphrenic adipose tissue, an infrequent cause of increased distance between the diaphragm and liver. Radiological study and echographic comparison]. AB - Nine obese patients (4M/5F) showing on a standard chest-X-ray a right subdiaphragmatic radiolucent area were submitted to ecography. This method excluded pathologic causes and showed adipose tissue as the cause of the increased distance between diaphragm and liver. Besides, ecography showed some limits in the evaluation of adipose area, because of the difficulty in studying obese patients. PMID- 3911307 TI - [Dynamic test in the echographic evaluation of the common bile duct]. AB - Common bile duct (CBD) diameter was measured with ultrasonography in 396 patients (131 had previous cholecystectomy) before and 40 minutes after the ingestion of a fatty meal. CBD diameter reduced in 177 cases, remained unchanged in 175, increased in 44. The increasing of CBD diameter always means obstructive choledochal pathology, caused by stones or other pathologic conditions. Caliber reduction or other pathologic conditions. Caliber reduction is physiologic. When CBD remains unchanged, in 10% of the cases there are stones in the duct. PMID- 3911308 TI - [Cholecystography and ultrasound compared in the radiological diagnosis of chronic cholecystitis]. AB - In 50 patients awaiting cholecystectomy, both cholecystography and cholecystosonography have been performed (or repeated), in order to examine the gallbladder wall implementing both examinations with the cholecystokinetic test. The results, related to the surgical, anatomical- and histo-pathological reports, show that, to detect gallbladder parietal lesions, the two studies are complementary in the diagnosis of cholecystitis: consequently, in the authors' opinion, they should always be carried out in association, with the exception of cases when cholecystography may not be possible either because of radiation protection reasons or because of jaundice. Although further experiments are required, it is suggested that the cholecystokinetic test be revalued. PMID- 3911309 TI - [Echotomography in the diagnosis of Crohn's disease]. AB - The diagnostic accuracy of abdominal ultrasonography in Crohn's disease has been assessed in a prospective, randomized, simple-blind controlled study. A group of 181 out-patients (89 with accertained Crohn's disease and 92 controls) was studied. Considering "target sign" and/or "probable signs" of Crohn's disease, ultrasonographic sensitivity in diagnosing Crohn's disease was 84% and specificity 83%. Abdominal ultrasonography is indicated in the differential diagnosis of inflammatory bowel diseases, in the screening and follow-up of patients with Crohn's disease and in cases with contraindications to X-Ray examinations. PMID- 3911310 TI - [Reconstruction of the reduced dental arch]. PMID- 3911311 TI - [Dental treatment in patients with a severe gag reflex (as applied to complete dentures)]. PMID- 3911312 TI - [Chemotherapy of osteogenic sarcoma]. AB - Functional results and survival have been improved in osteosarcoma during the last ten years, thanks to better conservative surgical techniques and more efficient drugs to prevent metastases. Of the several possible programmes of chemotherapy, the authors considered that the T10 programme of Rosen is the most reliable, this author claiming a survival rate of 90 p. 100 with an average follow-up of twenty months. This programme was adopted by the authors in the Paediatric Department of the Gustave Roussy Institute (Villejuif). Thirty one patients were treated and assessed after an average follow-up of 19 months. The results were favourable, only three patients presenting with metastases. One died. Amongst the thirty surviving patients, twenty-three were treated by local resection and eight by amputation. PMID- 3911314 TI - [The renin-angiotensin system and regulation of arterial pressure in middle-aged and aged hypertensive patients]. PMID- 3911313 TI - [Conservative surgical treatment of osteogenic sarcoma of the limbs. Technics and functional results]. AB - Sixty-three osteogenic sarcomata of the limbs in patients aged between 10 and 20 years were treated by en bloc resection combined with chemotherapy. A review was made after an average follow-up of less than four years, which is too short a time to assess the carcinologic value of this type of treatment but sufficiently long to assess functional results and surgical technique. The resection was made through apparently normal tissues, thanks to meticulous pre-operative investigation and an appreciation of the extent of the tumour at operation. The tissues contaminated by a biopsy were removed. Three local recurrences were seen and in three other cases further extension in the operated limb was due to metastases. Reconstruction almost always utilised inert prosthetic implants often made during the pre-operative phase of chemotherapy. In cases of resection of the upper tibia an original procedure was developed to reconstruct the quadriceps using muscle-plasties. In 32 out of 39 knees, the immediate functional result was good. Only 10 still survived after two years, with nine good functional results. The authors conclude that en bloc resection is preferable to amputation in young patients both for those who will have a limited survival and those who will have long survival because of improvements in chemotherapy treatment. The risk of secondary loosening requires the use of more grafting procedures in reconstruction. PMID- 3911315 TI - [Immune thrombocytopenic purpura]. PMID- 3911316 TI - [Lactic acidosis: review of the principles of physiopathology and treatment]. PMID- 3911317 TI - [The kidney--an endocrine organ]. PMID- 3911318 TI - [Significance of isolating Shigella under epidemiological circumstances]. PMID- 3911319 TI - [Erythrocyte receptors for insulin: the applications in physiology and the clinic]. PMID- 3911320 TI - [Insulin, the factor implicated in the pathogenesis of obesity]. PMID- 3911321 TI - [Linkage of anthranilic and metanilic acid salts of diazonium to pyrazolones]. PMID- 3911323 TI - [A pathologic review of thymic neoplasms]. AB - Pathology, particularly histology and histogenesis, of thymic neoplasms is reviewed. In this report, thymic neoplasms include thymoma, lymphoma, carcinoid and germ cell tumors (teratoma group) originating from the thymus. Ultrastructures, enzymohistochemistry and immunohistochemistry have increased the knowledge on the relation between the histogenesis, morphology and function of each neoplasm. Recently, various kinds of monoclonal antibodies have easily been available, and the use of them in immunohistochemistry is useful for differentiating the subpopulation of lymphocytes in thymomas. Some interpretations referring to the microenvironment by thymoma cells and developing T lymphocytes are described. We stressed that peanut lectin was useful for identifying cortical thymocytes in paraffin sections, and functions of S-100 protein positive cells in thymomas should be investigated for elucidating one of the questions concerning the microenvironment by thymoma cells. PMID- 3911322 TI - [Medication of a collective school community in Iasi in the 2d half of the 19th century]. PMID- 3911324 TI - The value of specialized tests in studies where ordered group means are expected. AB - The performances of three tests for ordered means (Bartholomew's, Williams' and a modified method of least significant differences) are compared with the performances of more general multiple comparison procedures. The tests are assessed using simulated data representing various patterns of results from a toxicological study with one (zero dose) control group and three treatment groups. The specialized tests are considerably more powerful than the general tests and their application is recommended whenever ordered group means are expected. PMID- 3911325 TI - Macrophages in the thymus. AB - Macrophages are a major population of thymic cells along with lymphocytes and epithelial cells. They are distributed in an apparently random manner throughout the cortex and medulla. Thymic macrophages express all of the various identifying characteristics associated with macrophages throughout the body including expression of a high level of class-I and II MHC products. They account for at least 99% of thymic Ia positivity. Thymic macrophages exhibit the property of binding thymic lymphocytes, and in some cases those bound lymphocytes are phagocytosed. This can result in the production of 'nurse cells'. Thymic macrophages can induce maturation of thymic lymphocytes and studies with non thymic macrophages suggest that the macrophage-induced maturation is MHC restricted. The various relationships between lymphocytes and macrophages in the thymus suggest that the interaction between those two cell types is crucial to thymocyte maturation, generation of MHC restriction and generation of tolerance to some self-antigens. PMID- 3911326 TI - Vitamin D, phagocyte differentiation and immune function. PMID- 3911328 TI - [The Chair of Gynecology and Obstetrics of the University of Liege: 150 years' history]. PMID- 3911327 TI - The use of total lymphoid irradiation for allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in animals and man. PMID- 3911329 TI - [Liver transplantation. Present situation]. PMID- 3911330 TI - [The dawn of history, medicine in Mesopotamia]. PMID- 3911331 TI - [Epidemiology, risk factors and diagnosis of breast cancer. Possibilities of early detection]. PMID- 3911332 TI - [Treatment of condylomata of the cervix uteri with local administration of lysozyme]. PMID- 3911333 TI - [Francis Bacon on the prolongation of life and euthanasia]. PMID- 3911334 TI - [Considerations on magnesium, a restorative of the body]. PMID- 3911335 TI - [Effect of nimesulid suppositories in surgical traumatologic practice]. PMID- 3911336 TI - [Current progress in the evaluation of the central nervous system of newborn infants and in the determination of their ultimate neurodevelopmental prognosis]. PMID- 3911337 TI - [Cerebral ultrasonography of the newborn infant: indications, diagnosis and practical recommendations]. PMID- 3911338 TI - [Enuresis: its history and folklore]. PMID- 3911339 TI - [Alpine skiing accidents. Study of 7103 patients treated at the Monthey District Hospital (VS), from 1974 to 1983]. PMID- 3911340 TI - Hyperthermia for cancer: a practical perspective. AB - A causal relationship between hyperpyrexia and tumor regression was first suggested in 1866, when Busch reported the cure of a histologically diagnosed sarcoma in a middle-aged woman, following a bout of erysipelas. Over the years, interest in the effect of heat on cancer has remained alive, but this interest has increased dramatically in recent years. The literature on this subject is broadly reviewed and the clinical results discussed. It is apparent from clinical studies thus far that it is a relatively simple undertaking to treat superficial neoplasms with hyperthermia. However, the major challenges in clinical thermotherapy pertain to patients with deeply situated tumors. The lack of safe and reliable methods of monitoring temperature in deep tissues is a major impediment to a thorough understanding of thermal dosimetry in clinical hyperthermia, and routine thermal dosimetry in clinical hyperthermia will have to await the development of reliable noninvasive thermometry. As responses have been reported with modest levels of hyperthermia, the need for thermometry is somewhat lessened, given that invasive monitoring is imperfect and somewhat risky when used in deeply seated tumours. The eventual place of thermotherapy in the treatment of malignant tumours in man is as yet unclear and must be rigourously and thoroughly assessed in well-designed, prospective, randomized patient trials. PMID- 3911341 TI - [Metabolic neuropathies. I. Diabetic neuropathies]. AB - This is a review article on diabetic neuropathy. The different patterns of diabetic neuropathies, including focal and multifocal, distal symmetrical and autonomic neuropathy are exposed. Length dependent degeneration of fibers is suggested by the pattern of sensory loss and by morphological findings. The various hypotheses on the mechanisms of the neuropathy, including the possible role played by ischemia and by the accumulation of sorbitol in Schwann's cells, are reviewed. The therapeutic implications of the clinical, pathological and biochemical abnormalities are discussed. PMID- 3911342 TI - [Contribution of ultrasonic examinations to the detection of a posttraumatic vertebral arteriovenous fistula]. AB - A case of extracranial vertebral arteriovenous fistula is reported. The patient was a 26 year-old female who had been submitted to a direct transcutaneous vertebral angiography 20 years before and had a noise in the neck discovered per chance during a clinical examination. Ultrasound usefulness to detect and to follow the evolution of such fistulas is emphasized. Clinical features and treatment are discussed. PMID- 3911343 TI - [Microsurgery in tubal sterility]. AB - The author describes the technical details of microsurgery in tubal sterility, stressing the advantage of the use of the microscope in the pathology of the proximal segment of the uterine tube. PMID- 3911344 TI - [Ovulation induction by an LH-RH pump]. AB - The induction of ovulation by pulsatile administration of LH-RH is an extremely attractive method because it appears to be entirely physiological. It only remains for the practical details to be precisely defined, when it is probable that it can ultimately replace induction by administration of HMG and hCG. PMID- 3911345 TI - [Prof. Raoul Fournier: necrologic note]. PMID- 3911346 TI - [The development of therapy in gastroenterology over the years]. PMID- 3911348 TI - Cosmetic laminate dentistry--for better or for worse? PMID- 3911347 TI - [Delimitation of the anthelmintic activity of albendazole. Study concerning human strongyloidiasis]. PMID- 3911349 TI - A multi-attachment approach to partial dentures. PMID- 3911350 TI - Molecular biology: a structuralist revolution. PMID- 3911351 TI - [Clinical applications of autologous bone marrow transplants. Results in non Hodgkin lymphoma]. PMID- 3911352 TI - [Autologous bone marrow transplants in Hodgkin's lymphoma. Analysis of cases from Genoa]. PMID- 3911353 TI - [Cryopreservation of bone marrow]. PMID- 3911354 TI - [Antonio Carini, a student of Ghislieri College]. PMID- 3911355 TI - Autologous bone marrow transplantation '85. PMID- 3911356 TI - [Clinical applications of autologous bone marrow transplants. Introduction to a round table]. PMID- 3911357 TI - [Clinical applications of autologous bone marrow transplants. Technical aspects and purification]. PMID- 3911358 TI - [Clinical applications of autologous bone marrow transplants. Results in leukemia]. PMID- 3911359 TI - Hundredth anniversary of Carrion's death. PMID- 3911360 TI - Antibodies to Bartonella bacilliformis as determined by fluorescence antibody test, indirect haemagglutination and ELISA. AB - Two strains of Bartonella bacilliformis were cultured on Columbia agar supplemented with 5% defibrinated human blood. Antigens prepared from these cultures were used for determination of antibodies by fluorescence antibody test (FAT) indirect haemagglutination (IHA) and an enzyme immunoassay (ELISA). One hundred and eighty-seven human sera from B. bacilliformis-endemic areas of Peru were tested of which 63.6% were reactive. ELISA was the most sensitive test, followed by FAT and IHA. IgM antibody was determined by FAT with the IgM fraction of test sera. It was present not only in patients with Oroya fever but also in some healthy individuals as well as in one patient with chronic bartonellosis (verruga peruana). Substantial differences in antigenic activity between the two strains of B. bacilliformis were not observed. Cross reactivity with sera containing antibodies to bacteria other than B. bacilliformis was not noted. For identification of Oroya fever patients in the field, an eosin/thiazine stain of blood smears was found to be appropriate. PMID- 3911361 TI - Specificity of surface molecules of adult Brugia parasites: cross-reactivity with antibody from Wuchereria, Onchocerca and other human filarial infections. AB - The extent of structural and immunological similarity between surface antigens of three species of Brugia filarial parasites was studied by lodogen-mediated surface labelling of adult worms of B. malayi, B. pahangi and B. timori. The close homology and cross-reactivity between these antigens reported in previous surface labelling studies with Bolton-Hunter reagent, was verified in this system. The surface antigens of adult B. pahangi are also recognised by antibody from patients with Wuchereria bancrofti, the major human lymphatic filariae, and by antibody to Loa loa and Mansonella perstans. Further experiments have begun to establish the boundaries of these cross-reactions: antibodies to nonfilarial nematodes such as Trichinella, Necator and Strongyloides does not recognise the adult surface antigens; however, although most anti-Onchocerca sera show little or no reaction to the major (29 kDa) surface antigen, there is consistent reactivity to the secondary 20 kDa antigen, and extensive recognition of a minor antigen of 15 kDa. PMID- 3911362 TI - An ocular reaction index for use in the study of onchocerciasis. AB - To evaluate ocular changes of onchocerciasis, we constructed a single ocular reaction index. Counts of microfilaria in the anterior chamber and cornea, corneal punctate opacities, and grades of limbitis and uveitis were rated from 0 to 6 and then summed. The index was applied to the ocular findings of the subjects who were entered in a study comparing diethyl-carbamazine with ivermectin and found to be valid and stable over time. It is suggested that the proposed index can be used to evaluate a patient's ocular status following treatment or during the course of disease. PMID- 3911363 TI - [Sonographic imaging of the posterior cruciate ligament]. AB - At present, cruciate ligaments can only be demonstrated by invasive examination methods (computerized tomography, arthroscopy). In roughly 50% of all cruciate ligament ruptures, the typical clinical symptoms of torn ligaments (abnormally increased motility of the tibia against the femur) cannot be elicited. In the case of older cruciate ligament ruptures especially, uncharacteristic complaints such as recurrent water on the knee, pain in the knee, and a feeling of instability are prominent. In experiments (knee ligament system), the posterior cruciate ligament (p.c.l) can be demonstrated clearly. In longitudinal scans the ligament can be located easily both in specimens as well as in patients. In contrast, the p.c.l. can usually only be identified in transverse scans by the typical shift of the ligament cross-section at various levels. PMID- 3911364 TI - Hepatic osteodystrophy. PMID- 3911365 TI - Duodenal ulcer healing with four antacid tablets daily. AB - In a double-blind, randomized, multicenter trial in 80 consecutive outpatients with endoscopically verified duodenal ulcer, we have tested the ulcer-healing efficacy of a quite low dose of antacids, given only four times daily. The patients received one chewable aluminum-magnesium-antacid tablet (buffering capacity, 30 mmol/tablet) or placebo 1 h after meals and at bedtime. Re-endoscopy after 4 weeks of treatment showed healed ulcer in 28 of 38 patients (74%) in the antacid group, compared with 11 of 38 patients (29%) in the placebo group (p less than 0.001). The number of days and nights with ulcer pain was significantly less in the antacid group than in the placebo group during the treatment period. Thus, only four antacid tablets a day, with a total buffering capacity of 120 mmol/day, significantly promote duodenal ulcer healing and pain relief. PMID- 3911366 TI - Vagal tone on the pancreatic polypeptide cell in duodenal ulcer patients. Correction for maximal and minimal secretory capacity. AB - It has previously been suggested that pancreatic polypeptide (PP) might serve as an indicator of abdominal vagal tone in duodenal ulcer (DU) patients. In this investigation we have attempted to study the vagal tone on the PP cells by correcting the basal PP concentrations to the insulin-stimulated (maximal) and atropine-suppressed (minimal) PP responses, to correct for the PP cell mass. There was no statistically significant difference between either the directly measured basal PP concentrations or the basal PP concentrations correlated to maximal and minimal secretory capacity in 10 DU patients and 10 sex- and age matched controls. The observations indicate that the vagal branches to the PP cells of DU patients do not have higher tone than those of normal subjects. PMID- 3911367 TI - Cimetidine, 800 mg at night, in the treatment of duodenal ulcers. AB - One hundred and eight patients with endoscopically proven duodenal ulcers were randomly allocated to treatment with cimetidine, either 400 mg twice daily or 800 mg at night for 4 to 8 weeks in a double-blind study. There was no significant difference between the healing rates of the two groups. Thus, 45 of 52 (87%) healed on cimetidine twice daily and 43 of 51 (84%) healed on 800 mg at night after 4 weeks' treatment. The corresponding healing rates after 8 weeks were 51 of 52 (98%) and 50 of 51 (98%). The intensity of pain decreased more rapidly in the group treated with 800 mg cimetidine at night. These results indicate that 800 mg cimetidine at night is as good as 400 mg given twice daily. PMID- 3911368 TI - Viruses and immune reactions in the liver. AB - The immunopathology of hepatitis B and delta virus infections of the liver are reviewed. It is clear there are several antigen/antibody systems of importance in acute and chronic HBV infection. Antibodies to HBs, HB core/HBe and antibodies to Dane specific determinants are involved in virus neutralisation. Elimination of virus infected hepatocytes is dependent on recognition of viral determinants in association with HLA proteins on the infected hepatocytes by cytotoxic T cells. The HLA protein display is modulated by exposure to interferon and may regulate the cytotoxic T cell and NK lytic processes. During chronic HBV infection there is evidence of failure of interferon activation of the infected liver cells so that viral protein synthesis is not decreased and there is no enhancement of HLA protein display. These complex interactions between the virus and the immune system determine the heterogeneity of the clinical syndromes seen in patients infected with this agent. The delta virus replicates only in patients with co existent HBV infection. The agent is cytopathic and therefore always produces liver disease. When there is delta virus superinfection in a carrier of chronic HBV, there is an acceleration of the rate of progression of the liver disease. The presence of delta infection results in IgM and IgG anti-delta responses. PMID- 3911369 TI - Immunodeficiency syndromes and the gut. AB - The gastrointestinal tract in immunodeficiency disorders is involved with diseases similar to those seen in the immune competent. However, in some immune deficient states the incidence of gastrointestinal disease is high whereas in others it is no different than in the general population. This review clarifies the unique and specific abnormalities seen in immune deficient states and stresses the newest recognised abnormalities. It highlights the fact that the most frequent and severe abnormalities occur in patients with combined immune deficient states. PMID- 3911370 TI - Research in gastrointestinal immunology. State of the art. PMID- 3911371 TI - The human gastrointestinal secretory immune system in health and disease. AB - The main function of secretory IgA is to exert immune exclusion; that is, by intimate cooperation with innate non-specific defence mechanisms, it dampens down penetration of soluble antigens and inhibits epithelial colonisation of bacteria and viruses. Secretory IgM may exert a similar protective function in the gut as its local synthesis sometimes is markedly increased, especially in selective IgA deficiency. IgG should not be considered a secretory immunoglobulin because its external translocation depends on passive intercellular diffusion. By activating complement, antibodies of this isotype may cause increased mucosal permeability and tissue damage. IgG may thus contribute to persistent immunopathology in mucosal lesions. The same is true for IgE antibodies which, in atopic individuals, may be carried into the gut mucosa by mast cells and cause their degranulation with histamine release. Secretory IgA and secretory IgM are the products of two cell types: plasma cells synthesise IgA dimers and IgM pentamers which, by non-covalent association, become complexed with the secretory component (SC) which is synthesized by serous-type glandular cells. The adsorption of the Ig polymers to the SC-expressing epithelial cells depends on J chain-determined binding sites. This fact gives biological significance to the striking J chain expression shown by mucosal immunocytes regardless of the Ig class they produce. The immunocytes populating the gut mucosa apparently belong to relatively early memory B cell clones. The obvious functional goal of J chain expression at this stage of clonal differentiation is local generation of SC-binding IgA and IgM polymers. In various gut diseases, altered immune regulation results in a disproportionately increased number of J chain-negative IgG-producing cells in the mucosa. Such altered immunological homeostasis may contribute to perpetuation of inflammatory bowel diseases. PMID- 3911372 TI - Assessment of the role of an immunofluorescent terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase kit. AB - The laboratory use of a commercial kit for the immunofluorescent measurement of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (BRL Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase Immunofluorescent Assay System) has been investigated. The precision of the assay system with stored patient material and its performance with regard to ease of microscopic examination were assessed. The intensity of the fluorescence obtained was found to vary. However, the precision of the assay system on fixed slides stored at -30 degrees C was satisfactory; the method simple, and results obtainable in a relatively short space of time. PMID- 3911373 TI - Phase III study of intermittent 5-drug regimen (VBCMP) versus intermittent 3-drug regimen (VMP) versus intermittent melphalan and prednisone (MP) in myelomatosis. AB - A prospective randomized trial in 96 patients with previously untreated myelomatosis was performed comparing 3 regimens of chemotherapy: (i) Intermittent vincristine, BCNU, cyclophosphamide, melphalan, and prednisone (VBCMP) to (ii) intermittent vincristine, melphalan and prednisone (VMP) to (iii) intermittent melphalan and prednisone (MP). Induction response rates and survival were similar in all 3 regimens. An improvement in relapse-free survival was observed by adding vincristine to MP, but this did not achieve statistical difference (p = 0.10). Patients given VBCMP fared slightly worse than those given VMP. The haematologic toxicity was similar in all 3 regimens, but the tolerability of VBCMP was lower. Although showing no statistical differences between the 3 treatment regimens, the results support the view that a combination of MP 'standard' induction therapy in MM with frequently administered vincristine has a trend towards postponing treatment failure due to development of resistance to melphalan. PMID- 3911374 TI - Decreased red cell deformability and vascular obstruction in falciparum malaria illustrated by a fatal case. AB - The autopsy findings in a case of falciparum malaria suggested that rheological mechanisms, above all decreased deformability of red cells, might have been the main cause of capillary obstruction. This mechanism had been assumed to be involved already in 1972, and red cells containing mature parasites have recently been shown to lack deformability. This may explain why severe cases have recovered after blood exchange. PMID- 3911375 TI - Emergence of beta-lactam multiresistant variants of gram-negative bacilli in the presence of cefotaxime. AB - 88 clinical isolates of gram-negative bacilli (23 Enterobacter, 23 Klebsiella, 21 E. coli, and 21 Pseudomonas) all showed susceptibility to one or more cephalosporins and were nitrocefin test negative. When cultured overnight in the presence of 1, 10, or 100 mg/l of cefotaxime, 19 Enterobacter strains grew beta lactamase-producing variants, 15 of them at concentrations less than or equal to 10 mg/l of cefotaxime. All enzyme-producing variants showed resistance to a number of cephalosporins including non-hydrolyzable cephalosporins and other beta lactam antibiotics, except mecillinam and thienamycin. With the other gram negative bacilli resistant mutants did not emerge in the presence of cefotaxime. These findings are discussed in relation to use of third generation cephalosporins as first hand monotherapy in patients. PMID- 3911376 TI - Evaluation of hydronephrosis in pregnancy using ultrasound and renography. AB - The value of ultrasound and 131-Hippuran renography for diagnosing hydronephrosis during pregnancy was investigated. In a control series of 31 symptom-free pregnant women the ultrasonographically measured renal pelvic diameters in the three trimesters were 5, 10 and 12 mm on the right side and 3, 4 and 5 on the left, respectively. In ten healthy non-pregnant women the pelvic diameter varied from 3 to 9 mm on the right side and from 2 to 6 mm on the left side when measured during antidiuresis and water diuresis. Out of 35 pregnant women complaining of flank pain, 31 showed an increased renal pelvic diameter. These 35 women also underwent renography on the same day as the ultrasound examination. In 6 of 27 pregnant women with right-sided pain and in 3 of 8 with left-sided pain, diuresis renography indicated acute ureteral obstruction and in 6 of these 9 patients impairment of renal parenchymal function was also evident. In some cases the impaired renal function was fully reversed after surgical intervention. It is concluded that ultrasound investigation of the kidney is a valuable method for screening prior to renography. Since the negative prediction value of using 17 mm as the upper limit of the pelvic diameter was 100%, patients with a smaller pelvic diameter may not need to be referred further for renography or urography, and radiation will thus be minimized. On the other hand, renography is indicated when the pelvic diameter is more than 17 mm in patients complaining of flank pain.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3911377 TI - Percutaneous balloon catheter nephrostomy guided by ultrasound. Results of a new technique. AB - A new method for percutaneous nephrostomy is described. The renal pelvis is punctured guided by ultrasound and after dilatation of the tract a 10F silicone balloon catheter is inserted. The procedure was successful in 51 of 52 attempts (98%). The catheters were maintained from two to 150 days. Eight catheters slipped out unintended (16%) 27 to 86 days after the insertion. No serious complications were seen. PMID- 3911378 TI - Pneumaturia caused by alcoholic fermentation. A case report. PMID- 3911379 TI - Health effects of nitrogen dioxide and oxidants. AB - The document is an evaluation of the health effects of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ozone (O3) intended to serve as a basis for establishing Swedish air quality standards. The specific effects of nitrogen dioxide and ozone are reviewed on the basis of published studies on animals, tissues and cells, controlled studies on humans, and epidemiologic studies. The focus is on the importance of the gases in relation to sensitive groups, outdoor-indoor exposure relationships, the question of short- or long-term limit values, and their combined effects with other pollutants. The minimum adverse effect level for human short-term exposure is assessed to be 900 micrograms/m3 for nitrogen dioxide and 200 micrograms/m3 for ozone; for sensitive persons these values should possibly be even lower. Large safety factors should be added to these values before they are used for air pollution control purposes. PMID- 3911380 TI - Recommendations for air quality standards for nitrogen dioxide and ozone. AB - The acute health effects of nitrogen dioxide and ozone critical to the general population are summarized. For long-term exposures to the former in the outdoor environment a six-month average limit value of 80 micrograms/m3 is recommended for the wintertime. When "new" residential areas are planned or when the limit value is used as an air quality standard for the nonindustrial indoor environment, the adequate six-months' average limit value for the winter would be 50 micrograms/m3. For short-term exposures to nitrogen dioxide outdoors a limit value of 320 micrograms/m3 (1-h average) is recommended, not to be exceeded more than 12 h per year, each time during a maximum of 2 h. This value should apply only to "old" residential areas in which nitrogen dioxide pollution cannot be reduced without large economical and practical consequences. The value 190 micrograms/m3 (1-h average), not to be exceeded more than 12 h per year, should apply to most residential areas, to recreational areas, and to all nonindustrial indoor environments. For short-term exposures to photochemical oxidants, as represented by ozone in nonindustrial outdoor environments, the acceptable short term limit value should be 120 micrograms/m3 (1-h average), not to be exceeded more than 12 h per year. An additional 1-h outdoor ceiling value of 200 micrograms/m3 is recommended, not to be exceeded. For the nonindustrial indoor environment a 1-h ceiling value of 100 micrograms/m3 is recommended, not to be exceeded. PMID- 3911381 TI - [Neurologic emergencies in alcoholism]. AB - Acute neurological syndromes related to nutritional thiamine depletion or to toxic effects of ethanol are presented. Convulsive conditions linked to alcoholism, alcoholic hypoglycemia, withdrawal syndromes and the rare central pontine myelinolysis are described. Pathogenesis, appropriate treatment and prognosis of all these acute neurological disorders are discussed. PMID- 3911382 TI - [Alcohol and the blood]. AB - Acute and chronic alcohol intoxication may lead to various types of corpuscular hemolytic anemias, irrespective of other coexisting organ damage such as liver cirrhosis. It also suppresses hemopoiesis in the bone marrow, leading to hyporegenerative anemia and to a pathogenetically unclear red cell macrocytosis, which in turn represents a sensitive and valuable index for occult alcoholism. Alcohol also suppresses platelet production. Acute intoxication may, furthermore, lead to reversible thrombocytopenia due to platelet sequestration. Platelet function is affected by alcohol both in vitro and in vivo, the defect being similar to that provoked by aspirin. The impaired host defense in chronic alcoholism is not yet adequately explained. It appears to be based on depression of bone marrow granulocyte reserve, granulocyte mobilization and granulocyte function, and also on impressive functional abnormalities of the lympho plasmocellular system. The clinical relevance of alcohol-mediated hematological changes has not yet been sufficiently defined. It is certainly underestimated. PMID- 3911383 TI - [Alcohol, alcoholism and drugs]. AB - Abuse of alcohol (ethanol) and abuse of an increasing number of drugs (e.g. analgesics and sedatives) are among the outstanding social and medical problems of many industrialized countries including Switzerland. Since alcohol consumption has profound effects on both the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic actions of a variety of drugs, the rational use of drugs in alcoholics is an increasingly difficult task and requires a thorough understanding of the physiologic, biochemical, pharmacologic and toxic actions of alcohol. Clinically the most important targets of alcohol action are the liver and the central nervous system (CNS), both of which are frequently involved in the mediation of potentially fatal interactions between drugs and alcohol. In practice the most important of these interactions include (a) inhibition of hepatic (cytochrome P450 dependent) drug oxidation by acute alcohol ingestion resulting in increased bioavailability of drugs that are predominantly excreted by hepatic metabolism, (b) inhibition of acetaldehydedehydrogenase by some drugs with production of an acute flushing reaction to alcohol, (c) increased sensitivity of the CNS to a variety of sedative drugs following acute alcohol ingestion leading to enhanced CNS toxicity of most psychoactive drugs, (d) stimulation of hepatic drug oxidation and decreased CNS sensitivity to sedatives after chronic alcohol abuse, thus explaining the "metabolic" and pharmacodynamic tolerance of these patients towards psychoactive agents, and (e) depressed drug metabolism and increased CNS sensitivity to sedative and hypnotic drugs in patients with cirrhosis of the liver. The mechanisms and practical consequences of the clinically most important influences of acute and chronic alcohol ingestion on the pharmacokinetics and the pharmacodynamic actions of drugs are outlined. PMID- 3911384 TI - [Postprandial hyperemia of the superior mesenteric artery]. AB - With the use of ultrasonic duplex scanning it is now possible to assess the blood flow dynamics in the human mesenteric artery noninvasively. The changes associated with a standardized food load were measured and the results compared with the blood flow of the common carotid artery. 20 healthy subjects (age 30.1 +/- 5 years) were studied fasting and 6 times at 15 minutes interval after the test meal (1000 kCal). While the flow parameters of the carotid artery were virtually unaffected by food intake, a steep increase in mesenteric blood flow was observed. Maximal hyperemia (2.7-fold increase, range 1.4-5.7) was reached 45 minutes after food intake. PMID- 3911385 TI - [Gastroenterologic radiology--present status]. AB - Diagnostic radiology is still of paramount importance in gastroenterology, although endoscopy has replaced radiological double contrast studies in certain instances. Sonography and computerized tomography have greatly enhanced diagnostic evaluation of the abdominal organs. Invasive techniques using radiology and endoscopy have optimized both diagnosis and therapy. Close cooperation between the various specialist groups in gastroenterology is urgently needed if optimal scientific progress is to be achieved. PMID- 3911386 TI - [The Berlin Charite Hospital is 275 years old]. AB - The Berlin Charite was founded as a military hospital in 1710 under the Prussian King Friedrich-Wilhelm I. It was extended to a municipal hospital and medical academy in 1726 and advanced to world prestige until after World War I through pioneering research work and the academic activities of eminent teachers. It declined to barbarism under the Nazi regime. After the hospital grounds were devastated in World War II, the Charite was reconstructed in the GDR. PMID- 3911387 TI - [Marginal adaptation of adhesive porcelain inlays in vitro]. PMID- 3911388 TI - [Centenary of the birth of the Swiss dental pulp researcher Walter Hess (1885 1980)]. PMID- 3911389 TI - [The veterinary medicine family Anker of Ins]. PMID- 3911390 TI - [The supposed and frustrated beginnings of female education at the veterinary medical school of the Zurich University]. PMID- 3911391 TI - [Recent advances in the study of baroreceptor reflex]. PMID- 3911392 TI - [Nutrition and hypertension]. PMID- 3911393 TI - [Renal nerve function]. PMID- 3911394 TI - [Effects of coronary arterial stenosis on coronary circulation]. PMID- 3911395 TI - [Application of antidromic spike recording in brain research]. PMID- 3911396 TI - [Progress in the research of brain stem descending noradrenergic pathways to the spinal cord]. PMID- 3911397 TI - [Regulation of the synthesis of acetylcholine]. PMID- 3911398 TI - [Advances in subclassifications of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors]. PMID- 3911399 TI - [Gangliosides in neurological development, function and regeneration]. PMID- 3911400 TI - [Modification of proteins by polyethylene glycol]. PMID- 3911401 TI - [Aneurysms of the abdominal aorta: possibilities and limits of sonography]. AB - Sonography has proved successful as an excellent method to diagnose an aneurysm of the abdominal aorta with an accuracy of 98%. Diameter of the aneurysm can be determined via sonography with the same exactitude as with CT. The difficulties arising with sonography concern the exact determination of longitudinal spread. If an aneurysm starts on the level of the hilus of the kidney, the information supplied by sonography on an involvement of the renal arteries is not sufficiently safe, whereas the distal end of the aneurysm can often be determined correctly. The angiogram remains indispensable for assessing adjacent vascular regions in asymptomatic aneurysms. Sonography allows good identification of perforated and penetrating aneurysms. This fact emphasises the value of this method also in acute diagnostics. PMID- 3911402 TI - [Diagnosis of extensive dissections of the thoracic aorta by 2-D echography]. AB - Dissecting aortic aneurysms require immediate diagnosis and accurate knowledge of extension. In two patients with dissecting aortic aneurysms the extension of the dissection could be evaluated by the noninvasive method of 2-D-echography. All aortic regions could be visualized in both cases, The diagnosis of dissection was established by visualization of intimal flaps in short and long exis views. PMID- 3911403 TI - [Sonographic detection of thromboses of the renal veins and vena cava in adenocarcinoma of the kidney]. AB - Renal cell carcinoma invades the renal vein and the inferior vena cava in 5-33% and 5-10% of the cases, respectively. The ultrasonic findings of 102 consecutive patients with renal tubular carcinoma were compared with the intraoperative and pathohistological results. With ultrasonography the renal vein could be visualized in 81% on the right and in 54% on the left side. 20 patients showed a thrombosis of the renal vein. The main renal vein could be demonstrated in 10 of 13 cases, with a malignant thrombosis in 7 cases. Ultrasound could not visualize any of the 7 thrombotic small renal vein branches. 4 of 5 tumour thrombi in the inferior vena cava could be shown sonographically. The role of ultrasonography in comparison to phlebography and computed tomography in assessing the normal and pathological venous system of the kidney is described. PMID- 3911404 TI - [Histologically controlled ultrasound findings in the transplanted kidney]. AB - 72 percutaneous diagnostic renal biopsies were performed on 53 recipients of renal allografts from cadavers with deterioration of the graft function. 40 patients received cyclosporine (CsA) and 13 Azathioprin with steroids (conventional immunosuppression). All biopsies were carried out under sonographic control. The echo patterns of the grafts were evaluated prior to the procedure. In 63 cases (87.5%) enough material could be obtained for histologic examination. The sonographic diagnoses were compared with histological results. In the sonographic detection of allograft rejection sensitivity was 80.85%, and specificity 56.25%. Grafts with symptoms of CsA-nephrotoxicity did not seem to produce a characteristic sonographic echo pattern. Macrohaematuria occurred after 9 biopsies (12.5%). A graft loss was not observed; in one case a temporary percutaneous nephrostomy had to be carried out. We conclude that sonography alone is not sufficient to diagnose parenchymatous changes in the graft. To obtain satisfactory long-term results biopsy is necessary. Under sonographic guidance the risk of percutaneous biopsy is minimal. PMID- 3911405 TI - [Sonographic diagnosis of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis in childhood]. AB - In most cases, diagnosis of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis is now based on real time ultrasound examination. We employed the criteria stated in literature for sonographic diagnosis of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, to evaluate our results. We studied 15 patients with symptoms of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis via real time ultrasound, as well as 15 healthy infants. 10 patients were boys and 5 were girls, between 19 and 83 days of age (average age 45 days). 15 healthy infants of the same age were studied (average age 41 days) for comparison. In the healthy group, the average transverse pyloric diameter was 1.0 cm (0.6-1.5 cm); the mean wall thickness was 0.24 cm (0.2-0.3 cm) and mean pyloric length was 1.29 cm (1.0 1.6 cm). Analysis of the results in hypertrophic condition showed that the mean transverse pyloric diameter was 1.6 cm (1.2-1.9 cm). The wall thickness ranged from 0.4 to 0.8 cm with an average of 0.56 cm. The muscle length ranged from 1.7 to 2.5 cm with an average of 2.1 cm. On comparing the data of both groups we found significant differences in wall thickness and length. There was no false negative scan. Sonographic diagnosis was confirmed in all cases by surgical intervention. Our results agree with those obtained by other authors. PMID- 3911406 TI - [Sonographically controlled preparation for biopsy of the small intestine with the Watson capsule--significantly decreased radiation burden]. AB - Diagnostic ultrasound showed that the passing of the Watson capsule through the pylorus can be proved demonstrating its catheter within the pylorus. Only the biopsy itself has to be done under radiologic control which results in decreasing X-ray time from sometimes six minutes to a few seconds, usually less than one minute. PMID- 3911407 TI - [Sonographic positioning of the Shaw central Silastic floating catheter]. AB - By means of abdominal ultrasound and two-dimensional echocardiography the exact position of 0.6 mm silastic catheters within the heart and/or great vessels (VCI, PA) can be detected and corrected under continuous control. This eliminates the need for radiological examination by contrast media, since the system might deconnect, become contaminated and/or obstructed during this manoeuvre. While radiology sometimes fails to show the exact position of the catheter, ultrasound reveals the exact position and the interaction of catheter and cardiac structures. PMID- 3911408 TI - [Sonography of a mesenteric lymphangioma]. AB - The ultrasonic findings of a large mesenteric lymphangioma in a man of 62 years of age are reported. Haemorrhage in some of the cystic spaces of the lymphangioma had caused an acute abdomen. PMID- 3911409 TI - [Differential diagnosis of cystic intra-abdominal lesions: mucocele of the appendix]. AB - The sonographic appearance of a mucocele of the appendix in a 69-year-old woman is presented. The mucocele showed an atypical localisation in the right upper quadrant just below the gallbladder. This own observation is compared with other case reports in the literature. The value of ultrasound examinations in the diagnosis "mucocele of the appendix" is discussed. PMID- 3911410 TI - [7 MHz real-time sonography of the skeletal musculature in Duchenne muscular dystrophy]. AB - The lumbar paravertebral musculature, the M. quadriceps femoris and M. triceps surae of boys suffering from Duchenne's muscular dystrophy of different clinical progression, were examined via sonography. The sonographic incisions were made at fixed levels. The sonographic findings were compared with those of healthy boys. The sonographic findings showed - depending on the clinical stage of Duchenne's muscular dystrophy - typical reflex patterns of different intensity determined by lipomatosis and fibrosis of the skeletal musculature, correlating with the clinical stage, and hence musclesonography is an important diagnostic element in the observation of the course and in therapy planning in Duchenne's muscular dystrophy. The 7-MHz transducer has an advantage over the low-frequency transducers mostly in use, because the image quality is substantially superior. PMID- 3911411 TI - [Thrombosis of the umbilical vein in the ultrasound image--pathological findings and review of the literature]. AB - The authors present a case of thrombosis of the umbilical vein in a foetus in the 27th week of pregnancy, discovered via ultrasound diagnosis. The foetus presented with marked ascites and anasarca. Despite foetal death there were no visceral malformations, and no pathological criteria presented by the mother. The characteristic features and sensitivity of sonographic diagnosis in umbilical vein thromboses are discussed as part of the extensive pathology of the umbilical cord. PMID- 3911412 TI - Developments in biotechnology of relevance to drinking water preparation. AB - This paper discusses strategies to increase the feasibility of microorganisms for the removal of toxic xenobiotics from waste water and drinking water. Based on the principles of adaptational mutations and genetic exchange of catabolic activities, it becomes possible to select and engineer microorganisms that are suitable for the degradation of recalcitrant compounds. The detailed biochemical knowledge that is required for this is now rapidly evolving, and especially for the degradation of chlorinated organics several detoxifying dehalogenation mechanisms have been studied in detail. The feasibility of specialized bacteria for waste and water treatment will be dependent on the possibility to obtain stable performance and maintenance in treatment systems. PMID- 3911413 TI - The influence of water treatment processes on the presence of organic surrogates and mutagenic compounds in water. AB - The effects of granular activated carbon filtration and of the combination of ozonation and GAC filtration on the quality of Rhine water were studied in a pilot plant. The scope of the study was to compare both systems in relation to the removal of organic contaminants in water, and to the reduction of the side effects of chlorination. The water quality was measured with organic surrogate parameters (organohalogen, -nitrogen, -phosphorus and -sulphur) and in bacterial mutagenicity assays. In this particular setting, the combination of ozonation and GAC filtration was superior in all points to GAC filtration alone. The effects of ozonation are sometimes quite different, depending on the type of water treated. Its positive influence should be confirmed in a local situation. As GAC treatment causes a shift towards formation of more brominated THM after chlorination, special attention was given to this item. A higher inorganic bromide/DOC ratio resulted in higher brominated THM concentrations after chlorination. However, the mutagens formed during chlorination in presence of more inorganic bromide could be inactivated more easily by rat liver homogenate than in the normal setting. The results of this study confirmed earlier findings stating a negative influence of chlorination on water quality. PMID- 3911414 TI - Formation of linear aldehydes during surface water preozonization and their removal in water treatment in relation to mutagenic activity and sum parameters. AB - Low molecular weight aldehydes were formed during surface water preozonization, their levels showing a positive correlation with increasing ozone dose applied and with increasing water temperature. A strong negative correlation was observed between aldehyde levels and U.V. absorbance at 254 nm. Coagulation had no influence on the aldehydes present and the influence of rapid double layer filtration varied strongly with temperature: significant removals were only observed above 10 degrees C. Mutagenic activity generated by preozonization in Salmonella typhimurium TA98 shows an ozone dose depending relationship different from the formation of linear aldehydes. Its removal by coagulation is not effective but rapid double layer filtration reduces mutagenic activity to marginal levels. In this respect too no clear parallel can be drawn between the presence of low molecular weight aldehydes and mutagenic activity. PMID- 3911415 TI - Mutagenic activity in humic water and alum flocculated humic water treated with alternative disinfectants. AB - Mutagenic activity in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA 100, TA 98 and TA 97 has been determined for humic water and alum flocculated humic water, treated with the alternative disinfectants chlorine, ozone, chlorine dioxide, ozone/chlorine and chlorine/chlorine dioxide. The most pronounced activity was found for chlorine treated water tested on strain TA 100 without metabolic activation (S9 mix). Ozone treatment prior to chlorination did not alter the activity, while treatment with chlorine in combination with chlorine dioxide reduced the activity to a level somewhat over the background. No mutagenic response was detected in waters treated with ozone or chlorine dioxide alone. In presence of S9 mix all water extracts studied were non-mutagenic. PMID- 3911416 TI - Identification and assessment of hazardous compounds in drinking water. AB - The identification of organic chemicals in drinking water and their assessment in terms of potential hazardous effects are two very different but closely associated tasks. In relation to both continuous low-level background contamination and specific, often high-level, contamination due to pollution incidents, the identification of contaminants is a pre-requisite to evaluation of significant hazards. Even in the case of the rapidly developing short-term bio assays which are applied to water to indicate a potential genotoxic hazard (for example Ames tests), identification of the active chemicals is becoming a major factor in the further assessment of the response. Techniques for the identification of low concentrations of organic chemicals in drinking water have developed remarkably since the early 1970s and methods based upon gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) have revolutionised qualitative analysis of water. Such techniques are limited to "volatile" chemicals and these usually constitute a small fraction of the total organic material in water. However, in recent years there have been promising developments in techniques for "non volatile" chemicals in water. Such techniques include combined high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) and a variety of MS methods, involving, for example, field desorption, fast atom bombardment and thermospray ionisation techniques. In the paper identification techniques in general are reviewed and likely future developments outlined. The assessment of hazards associated with chemicals identified in drinking and related waters usually centres upon toxicology - an applied science which involves numerous disciplines. The paper examines the toxicological information needed, the quality and deployment of such information and discusses future research needs. Application of short-term bio-assays to drinking water is a developing area and one which is closely involved with, and to some extent dependent on, powerful methods of identification. Recent developments are discussed. PMID- 3911417 TI - Carcinogenic and mutagenic properties of chemicals in drinking water. AB - Isolated cases of careless handling of industrial and domestic waste has lead to a wide variety of dangerous chemicals being inadvertently introduced into drinking water. However, chemicals with established carcinogenic and mutagenic properties that occur with a high frequency and in multiple locations are limited in number. To date, the chief offenders have been chemicals of relatively low carcinogenic potency. Some of the more common chemicals are formed as by-products of disinfection. The latter process is generally regarded as essential to the production of a "microbiologically safe" drinking water. Consequently, any reductions in what may be a relatively small carcinogenic risk must be balanced against a potential for a higher frequency of waterborne infectious disease. The results of recent toxicological investigations will be reviewed to place the potential carcinogenic and mutagenic hazards frequently associated with drinking water into perspective. First, evidence for the carcinogenicity of certain volatile organic compounds such as trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene and carbon tetrachloride is considered. Second, the carcinogenic activity that can be ascribed to various by-products of chlorination is reviewed in some detail. Finally, recent evidence that other chemicals derived from the treatment and distribution of drinking water is highlighted as an area requiring move systematic attention. PMID- 3911419 TI - The control of organics in drinking water in Canada and the United States (standards, legislation and practice). AB - Both the United States and Canada have a federal form of government, but approaches used in the two countries to ensure the safety of drinking water supplies differ. The Environmental Protection Agency currently enforces regulations for 10 organic chemicals (including 6 pesticides) under the Safe Drinking Water Act and provides advice on others through its health advisory program. Canada, however, does not have similar legislation, but rather provides health-related guidelines for 21 organic chemicals (including 16 pesticides) which are used by the provincial agencies responsible for drinking water supplies. Both countries are in the process of revising their standards and will include a variety of additional synthetic organic chemicals. Where possible, standards are set using a calculated acceptable daily intake usually derived from animal feeding experiments. Procedures for setting standards for carcinogens involve a blend of risk estimation coupled with consideration of the feasibility of reducing the risk in light of socio-economic factors. Most drinking water treatment plans in North America utilize 'conventional' treatment. Some now employ modifications in order to minimize trihalomethane formation. A few use aeration or granular activated carbon to remove synthetic organic chemicals. PMID- 3911418 TI - Target organ toxicology of halocarbons commonly found contaminating drinking water. AB - Some of the most frequent drinking water contaminants are organic halocarbons. This paper will initially summarize the target organ effects of three halocarbons: 1,2-dichloroethane, tetrachloroethylene, and trichloroethylene. Following the brief summaries, a more detailed description of the oral hepatoxicity of carbon tetrachloride is presented. Data are provided that indicate that the hepatotoxicity of carbon tetrachloride is enhanced when administered by corn oil gavage when compared to aqueous suspension gavage. PMID- 3911420 TI - Epidemiologic studies of organic micropollutants in drinking water. AB - Epidemiologic studies have been conducted in order to make a quantitative statement about associations between drinking water contaminants and disease. The basic measures of the association are a rate ratio or relative risk and rate difference or attributable risk. The appropriateness of this measure is dependent on components of study design, data collection, and the analysis of epidemiologic data, and these must be evaluated for each study to determine precision (lack of random error) and validity (lack of systematic error). Internal validity includes considerations for preventing selection bias, minimizing observation bias, and assessing, preventing, and controlling confounding bias within a particular study. No single epidemiologic study is likely to provide a definitive answer, and the results of epidemiologic studies must be interpreted in the context of other scientific information. Epidemiologic studies of organic micropollutants in drinking water have been reviewed and are summarized based on these considerations. PMID- 3911421 TI - Drinking water and health hazards in environmental perspective. AB - Among the present environmental issues drinking water quality and more specifically organic micropollutants receive not the highest priority. The long tradition of potable water quality assurance and the sophisticated evaluation methodologies provide a very useful approach which has great potential for wider application in environmental research and policy making. Water consumption patterns and the relative importance of the drinking water exposure route show that inorganic water contaminants generally contribute much more to the total daily intake than organic micropollutants. An exception is chloroform and probably the group of typical chlorination by-products. Among the carcinogenic organic pollutants in drinking water only chlorination by-products may potentially increase the health risk. Treatment should therefore be designed to reduce chemical oxidant application as much as possible. It is expected that in the beginning of next century organic micropollutants will receive much less attention and that the present focus on treatment by-products will shift to distribution problems. Within the total context of water quality monitoring microbiological tests will grow in relative importance and might once again dominate chemical analysis the next century. As disinfection is the central issue of the present water treatment practice the search for the ideal disinfection procedure will continue and might result in a further reduction in the use of chemical oxidants. PMID- 3911422 TI - Organic micropollutants in drinking water: an overview. AB - Biological contamination is still the most significant public health risk from drinking water even in industrialized countries. High potential for organic chemical transport to drinking water continues to exist even with source protection because of the multitude of chemical types and quantities. Drinking water is usually not a unique source nor the most significant contributor to total exposure from synthetic organic chemicals but it might be one of the most controllable. The major public concern with drinking water contamination has been possible contribution to cancer risks from organic micropollutants. Even though the actual risks are probably small in most cases it is clearly within the public interest to prevent adulteration of water supplies and to protect their quality for the future so that these concerns or risks can be avoided. A risk assessment/management decision model is suggested which may assist the process of making rational assessments of these contamination problems and control decisions that consciously consider all of the available data in a consistent manner. PMID- 3911423 TI - [Experimental studies on healing process after the sagittal splitting technic in the dog mandible]. PMID- 3911424 TI - [Account of the training of psychiatric nurses]. PMID- 3911426 TI - [Victorious October and socialist public health]. PMID- 3911425 TI - [Lopril]. PMID- 3911427 TI - [Postgraduate training of physicians in Czechoslovakia]. PMID- 3911428 TI - [Participation of students of the Military Medical Academy in the first Russian revolution 1905-1907]. PMID- 3911429 TI - [Participation of Russian pharmacists in the revolutionary movement 1905]. PMID- 3911430 TI - [N.A. Vinogradov--social hygienist and organizer of Soviet public health]. PMID- 3911431 TI - [Medical workers on the barricades during the first Russian revolution (on the 80th anniversary of the December armed uprising 1905)]. PMID- 3911432 TI - [Child health care during World War II]. PMID- 3911433 TI - [The deeds of medical workers memorialized by the people]. PMID- 3911434 TI - [Decembrists and the control of epidemics in Russia]. PMID- 3911435 TI - [The historical and medical aspects of studying folk medicine]. PMID- 3911436 TI - [Comparative evaluation of ultrasonic scanning of the kidneys, chromocystoscopy and excretory urography in the diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis in pregnancy]. PMID- 3911437 TI - [Historical aspects of medical deontology]. PMID- 3911438 TI - [The centennial of the Chair of the History of Medicine (1885-1985)]. PMID- 3911439 TI - [The 200th anniversary of the first Russian scientific manual on obstetrics, gynecology and pediatrics]. PMID- 3911440 TI - [Allergy to insulin in diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 3911441 TI - [Prolactin and the dopaminergic system in the pathogenesis of hypertension]. PMID- 3911442 TI - [Arterial embolization in oncologicy practice]. PMID- 3911444 TI - Aspergillus fumigatus osteomyelitis of the thoracic spine treated by excision and interbody fusion. PMID- 3911443 TI - [Current theories on the mechanisms of labor onset]. PMID- 3911445 TI - [Congenital anomalies of the central nervous system and possibilities of their early detection]. PMID- 3911446 TI - [Evaluation of the central nervous system of the fetus using ultrasound]. PMID- 3911447 TI - [Surgery in coronary disease--historical development]. PMID- 3911448 TI - [New aspects in the diagnosis of abdominal angina using digital subtraction angiography]. PMID- 3911449 TI - [Roentgen morphology of treated teeth]. PMID- 3911450 TI - [20 years' of the Urology Clinic in Olomouc]. PMID- 3911451 TI - [Examination using ultrasonic endoprobes in urology]. PMID- 3911452 TI - [Preparation of cadaver donors for the removal of kidneys and the technic for kidney removal en bloc]. PMID- 3911453 TI - [Obstructive nephropathy. Monitoring of the functional recovery phase by urinary enzymes and micro-proteinuria]. PMID- 3911454 TI - [Usefulness of intracavitary echotomography in urology]. PMID- 3911455 TI - [Erection deficit in patients subjected to a radical cystectomy. Diagnostic evaluation by Doppler and sacral evoked reflexes]. PMID- 3911456 TI - [Colic and spastic states of the urinary tract. Comparison between syntropium bromide (VAL 480) with ioscine n-butylbromide and with noramidopyrine-pitofenone fenpiverinium bromide]. PMID- 3911457 TI - [Diagnostic methods in autoimmune thrombocytopenias and neutropenias]. PMID- 3911458 TI - [Bone marrow transplantation in leukemia in remission or early relapse: preliminary data]. PMID- 3911459 TI - [Quantification of immunoglobulins, IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD and IgE, in biological fluids by enzymoimmunoanalysis]. PMID- 3911460 TI - [Possibilities of radiotherapy in the treatment of myeloma. Review of the literature]. PMID- 3911462 TI - [Interactions between pregnancy and diabetes]. PMID- 3911461 TI - Therapy-induced dysfunction of salivary glands: implications for oral health. PMID- 3911463 TI - [Diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 3911464 TI - Immunotherapeutic agents: their role in cellular immunity and their therapeutic potential. PMID- 3911465 TI - [Antidiuretic hormones in chronic circulatory insufficiency]. PMID- 3911466 TI - [Captopril in the treatment of refractory cardiac insufficiency]. AB - The therapeutic efficacy of captopril, the inhibitor of the angiotensin converting enzyme was studied in 18 patients with noticeable chronic cardiac insufficiency, who were refractory to foxglove drugs and diuretics. The use of captopril improved the patients' clinical status, significantly decreased the left ventricle volume and elevated the cardiac discharge. A simultaneous increase in diuresis during the day, favorable shifts in the electrolytic blood composition, a decrease in the concentration of blood plasma aldosterone and the level of carboxycatepsin in the blood serum were observed. Favorable changes in the hemodynamic and clinical-biochemical parameters during captopril therapy made it possible to achieve a positive therapeutic effect in 15 (83.3%) patients with refractory cardiac insufficiency. Subsequent recommendation of diuretics and maintenance doses of cardiac glycosides stabilized the therapeutic effect of captopril producing no complications. Thus, the incorporation of captopril in the management of severe refractory cardiac insufficiency was substantiated pathogenetically and found appropriate. PMID- 3911467 TI - [Endocrine function of the pancreas in chronic pancreatitis]. AB - Endocrine function of the pancreas was examined in patients with chronic pancreatitis of different etiology. Radioimmunoassay was applied to measure blood immunoreactive insulin, C-peptide and glucagon as characteristics of the hormonal activity of the pancreas. Pancreatic function was revealed to be disordered. The degree of the disorders correlated with the disease gravity and duration as well as with its progress (exacerbation or remission). As compared with patients presenting with cholepancreatitis, more remarkable alterations, which were particularly well observable during making the glucose tolerance test, were found in patients with chronic pancreatitis of alcoholic etiology. PMID- 3911468 TI - [Insulin resistance and characteristics of insulinemia in patients with latent diabetes mellitus and normal body weight]. AB - A study was made of the insulinemic glucose tolerance test per os and sensitivity to hypoglycemia effect of insulin in 30 patients with latent diabetes mellitus and normal body mass. The summary insulinemia (delta S insulin 0-120 min.) insignificantly differed from a control group value though the mean insulin level 5-30 min. after the glucose tolerance test was lowered and 90-120 min. after the test raised. Sensitivity to insulin decreased 5-20 min. after insulin administration. An individual analysis revealed the patients' heterogeneity by both indices which showed reverse correlation (r = -0.49, p less than 0.001). Probably there were two populations in the patients: one was characterized by primary insulin insufficiency and normal tissue sensitivity to insulin, the second one by primary resistance to insulin with a high secretory capacity of B cells. Under unfavorable conditions the first one can progress to insulin dependent, and the second to insulin-independent diabetes mellitus. PMID- 3911469 TI - [The history of the invention of the bloodless method of measuring blood pressure (on its 80th anniversary)]. PMID- 3911470 TI - [Pavel Lukich Pikulin (on the centenary of his death)]. PMID- 3911471 TI - The opaque right hemithorax: identifying the diaphragm with ultrasound. PMID- 3911472 TI - Cardiac transplantation at the Texas Heart Institute: recent experience. PMID- 3911473 TI - [Genital mycoplasmas]. PMID- 3911474 TI - [Serodiagnosis and therapy of syphilis]. PMID- 3911475 TI - [Pelvic inflammatory disease and nonspecific vaginitis]. PMID- 3911476 TI - [Sexually transmitted proctitis in the homosexual male]. PMID- 3911477 TI - [Herpes genitalis]. PMID- 3911478 TI - [AIDS: current status and present-day knowledge]. PMID- 3911479 TI - Protein C antigen levels in major abdominal surgery: relationships to deep vein thrombosis, malignancy and treatment with stanozolol. AB - Activated protein C is a potent inhibitor of coagulation, and familial protein C deficiency has been associated with recurrent venous thrombosis. We have investigated protein C antigen levels in patients undergoing major elective abdominal surgery, to determine their relationships to postoperative deep vein thrombosis (DVT), malignancy, and preoperative treatment with intramuscular or oral stanozolol. Preoperative and postoperative protein C levels were not significantly different in patients with and without DVT (detected by 125I fibrinogen leg scans), nor in patients with and without malignancy. In a placebo group (n = 26), a significant fall in protein C was maximal on the first postoperative day and persisted for 7 days. In a group given intramuscular stanozolol, 50 mg on the preoperative day (n = 23) stanozolol shortened the duration of the postoperative fall in protein C, but did not prevent DVT. In a group given oral stanozolol, 10 mg/day for 2 weeks before and 1 week after operation (n = 11), stanozolol significantly increased protein C levels prior to surgery, hence maintaining protein C at pretreatment levels after surgery. The effect of this regimen on the incidence of DVT is under study. PMID- 3911480 TI - The influence of molsidomine and its active metabolite SIN-1 on fibrinolysis and platelet aggregation. AB - Molsidomine and its active metabolite SIN-1 were examined in humans and animals for platelet suppressant and fibrinolytic activities. Following oral administration of molsidomine at doses of 6 or 15 mg/kg to rabbits, their blood platelets in PRP ex vivo required higher threshold concentrations of ADP, AA and thrombin to be aggregated. Unlike molsidomine, SIN-1 when infused (10 and 20 micrograms/kg i.v.) into anaesthetized cats caused a release of a substance disaggregating platelet clumps which had adhered to blood superfused collagen strip. The appearance of this unstable disaggregating substance was prevented by the pretreatment of cats with aspirin (50 mg/kg i.v.). It is suggested that SIN-1 may promote formation of a PGI2-like substance. In humans shortening of euglobulin clot lysis time was observed 60 min after a single ingestion of 2 mg of molsidomine. This fibrinolytic effect of molsidomine was not abolished by the pretreatment of patients with aspirin. Neither molsidomine nor SIN-1 activated fibrinolysis in preformed euglobulin clots in vitro. PMID- 3911481 TI - Effects of ticlopidine of platelet function in men with stable angina pectoris. AB - The effects of ticlopidine (T) (500 mg daily) on platelet function were investigated in a double-blind placebo-controlled study in 38 middle-aged men with stable incapacitating angina pectoris. The in vitro platelet reactivity to aggregating agents, the platelet sensitivity to prostacyclin and the plasma levels of platelet specific proteins and fibrinogen were determined before and after 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. T exerted a potent inhibitory effect on ADP-and collagen-induced platelet aggregation. The effect of T was proportional to the pretreatment reactivity to ADP and collagen. The inhibitory effect of T on the epinephrine response was less pronounced. The plasma levels of beta thromboglobulin, platelet factor 4 and fibrinogen were not influenced by T. The platelet inhibition of prostacyclin was potentiated by T, and it was demonstrated that T and prostacyclin had synergistic inhibitory effects on platelet aggregation. PMID- 3911483 TI - Effect of aspirin on glucose tolerance and insulin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. PMID- 3911482 TI - A comparison between low molecular weight heparin (KABI 2165) and standard heparin in the intravenous treatment of deep venous thrombosis. AB - In order to study whether a low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) of mw 4000 D is effective in the treatment of deep venous thrombosis (DVT), patients with DVT verified by phlebography were randomized to treatment by continuous intravenous infusion of either unfractionated heparin (UFH) or LMWH. The initial dose was 240 U (anti F Xa)/kg/12 h. This study (study I) was stopped because of major bleeding in 2 newly operated patients in the LMWH group after 27 patients had been treated. The heparin activity measured as F Xa inhibition assayed in retrospect, was found to be much higher in the LMWH group (mean 1.6-2.0 anti F Xa U/ml) than in the UFH group (mean 0.5-0.8 anti F Xa U/ml). A second study was therefore initiated in which the DVT patients were randomly given UFH (240 U/kg/12 h) or LMWH only 120 U (anti F Xa)/kg/12 h, as initial doses (study II). In this study 27 patients could be evaluated, the mean heparin activity still being higher in the LMWH group (0.9-1.2 anti F Xa U/ml) than in the UFH group (0.5-0.7 anti F Xa U/ml). A second phlebographic investigation showed progression of thrombus size in 3 (11%) of the UFH patients of studies I and II (n = 29) and improvement in 14 (48%). There was no progression in any LMWH patient, 6 (50%) had improved in study I and 10 (77%) in study II. The mean decrease of thrombus size score (according to Marder) during treatment did not differ between the 3 groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3911484 TI - Effect of dipyridamole plus pentoxifylline in patients with diffuse cerebrovascular insufficiency. PMID- 3911485 TI - Dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid in patients with atherosclerosis: effects on platelet aggregation, plasma lipids and low-density lipoprotein-induced inhibition of prostacyclin generation. PMID- 3911486 TI - Defibrinogenation with benzoyl-batroxobin. AB - The B. moojeni thrombic protease, batroxobin, was acylated by 4-amidinophenyl benzoate at the active site serine hydroxyl. From the enzymatically inactive benzoyl-batroxobin, batroxobin is generated with a half-life of deacylation of about one hour. The clotting activity of benzoyl-batroxobin in plasma is recovered with deacylation. The effects of batroxobin and benzoyl-batroxobin were studied following intravenous injection in rats. Compared to defibrinogenation with batroxobin, that obtained with benzoyl-batroxobin was much retarded. Batroxobin caused microthrombosis initially, which did not develop upon injection of benzoyl-batroxobin in equivalent doses. PMID- 3911487 TI - Immunolocalization of factor V in adult and fetal rat liver. AB - Immunolocalization of the factor V was performed in adult and fetal rat liver by means of an indirect peroxidase labelling. This could be done owing to the production in our laboratory of a mono-specific antiserum anti rat factor V. In all the cases (perfused and non-perfused adult liver and fetal one) the observation of the sections has revealed an intense circular or granular labelling into all the hepatocytes whatever was their localization in the hepatic lobule. Hepatic endothelial cells seemed to be negative for factor V and this aspect of our results was discussed. PMID- 3911488 TI - [Christopher Blom Leegaard. Department of Electrotherapy at Rikshospitalet--a 100 year anniversary]. PMID- 3911489 TI - [Neonatal meningitis: is the combination ampicillin-gentamycin obsolete?]. AB - The course of E. coli-meningitis in two infants, treated with latamoxef (moxalactam) in combination with ampicillin is described. Because of the disappointing results the potential value of latamoxef for therapy of Gram negative enteric meningitis of infancy is discussed. PMID- 3911490 TI - The mammalian spermatozoon: a model for the study of regional specificity in plasma membrane organization and function. PMID- 3911491 TI - [The Red Cross. Can we achieve something with it?]. PMID- 3911492 TI - Changes in distribution of connective tissue components of human placentae with maturation. AB - The distributional changes of type IV collagen and laminin with normal maturation of human placentae were examined in relation to those of fibronectin by the histochemical methods including immunofluorescence staining. In the early chorionic villi, these components were detected along the trophoblastic basement membrane, around the fetal blood vessels, and in the villous stroma. Laminin was detected also in the pericellular matrices of nonvillous cytotrophoblasts where type IV collagen was rarely detected. In the late and term placentae, laminin and type IV collagen were detected along the trophoblastic basement membrane, while this structure was virtually not stained for fibronectin. These observations suggest that type IV collagen and laminin are the constituents of the trophoblastic basement membrane throughout the maturation period of the placentae, while fibronectin is a transient constituent. PMID- 3911493 TI - Effects of pH on the deconjugation of conjugated bilirubin in human bile. AB - The enzymatic activity of bacterial beta-glucuronidase plays an essential role in the formation of calcium bilirubinate in bile. There are, however, many unsettled problems such as methodology of the assay for its enzymatic activity. In the present study (1) the azopigments from monoconjugated bilirubin (MCB) and unconjugated bilirubin (UCB) in native bile were semiquantitatively determined, (2) the deconjugation of conjugated bilirubin (CB) in bile was estimated with azopigment analysis and (3) factors affecting the deconjugation of CB in bile, especially for pH value, were investigated. CB in bile was stable at physiologic pH during 6-hr incubation at 37 degrees C, but was hydrolyzed at alkaline pH. At physiologic pH, addition of beta-glucuronidase from E. coli hydrolyzed CB in bile and increased MCB and UCB in bile. Based upon the results mentioned above, it is suggested that alkaline pH and enzymatic activity of beta-glucuronidase should cause the increase of UCB in bile. It can be said that beta-glucuronidase is essential for the formation of calcium bilirubinate gallstone at physiologic pH. PMID- 3911494 TI - Purification and partial characterization of a high molecular weight metalloproteinase from the venom of Crotalus adamanteus (eastern diamondback rattlesnake). AB - Chromatography of Crotalus adamanteus venom on CM-Sepharose, Cibacron Blue Sepharose and Phenyl-Sepharose, followed by gel filtration on Ultrogel AcA 44, has resulted in the isolation in homogeneous condition of a metalloproteinase active on casein and hide powder azure. The proteinase has an alkaline isoelectric point, and the trivial name proteinase B ('basic proteinase') is suggested to distinguish it from previously characterized C. admanteus metalloproteinases. Proteinase B is a single chain glycoprotein containing one free sulfhydryl group and having a molecular weight of 60,000. Proteinase B was inactivated by treatment with EDTA, but exposure to phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride had no effect on proteolytic activity. Proteinase B lacked hemorrhagic activity and did not digest chromogenic substrates specific for thrombin, plasmin or plasma kallikrein. PMID- 3911495 TI - Speech defects in prosthetic dentistry. Part I--The mechanism of speech production. PMID- 3911496 TI - A new technique for removal of fungus from leaf surfaces for scanning electron microscopic studies. PMID- 3911497 TI - [Origins, means and goals of the Association of German Radiation Protection Physicians]. PMID- 3911498 TI - [Origins, ways and goals of the Association of German Radiation Protection Physicians]. PMID- 3911499 TI - [Developmental trends in nuclear medicine with reference to radiation protection]. PMID- 3911500 TI - [Influence of modifying factors on the radiation effect in a nuclear accident]. PMID- 3911501 TI - [Old and new aspects of radiation protection in x-ray diagnosis]. PMID- 3911502 TI - [Influences on the radiation dosage in x-ray diagnosis]. PMID- 3911503 TI - Durey H. Peterson, Ph.D. PMID- 3911504 TI - Effect of some synthetic steroids on rat liver function. AB - Norethynodrel proved to have moderately potent effects on hepatic function in female rats. It causes (a) loss of body mass, (b) increase in the relative liver mass, (c) rise in the protein content of liver, (d) increase in the cytochrome P 450 level, (e) reduction in the length of pentobarbital-induced sleep, and (f) increase in the rate of biotransformation of (i) aniline and (ii) aminopyrine. In contrast, ethynyl estradiol was shown to have little or no effect as judged by the same criteria, but, like norethynodrel, progesterone and estradiol, caused loss of body mass. PMID- 3911506 TI - The significance of intensity of rehabilitation of stroke--a controlled trial. AB - Of the 373 stroke patients 95 were admitted to the feasibility study of stroke rehabilitation. The patients were divided into two groups, an intensive and a normal treatment group. In this study, the functional recovery of stroke, measured by ADL and motor function was significantly better in the intensive treatment group. There was no difference in institutionalization or incidence of death between the groups. The gain of ADL and motor function was greatest during the first three months after stroke in the intensive treatment group. The conclusion is that intensified physiotherapy seems to improve the functional recovery of stroke patients. PMID- 3911505 TI - Dissections. PMID- 3911507 TI - The value of noninvasive investigation in the diagnosis of total occlusion of the internal carotid artery. AB - A battery of simple noninvasive tests consisting of directional Doppler ultrasound and carotid phonoangiography has been used to detect carotid stenosis in 700 patients Forty four carotid occlusions in 42 patients were confirmed on angiography, and this study examines the accuracy of this noninvasive battery in predicting the presence of an occluded internal carotid artery. Although the sensitivity of the battery described has been 70% for occlusion, with a specificity of 98% (only five false positives), this relatively low sensitivity and the uniform requirement for surgery in the false positive group have led us to conclude that this battery should not be used as a substitute for angiography when the diagnosis of internal carotid occlusion requires to be confirmed. Nevertheless, these noninvasive tests do have a role in alerting the physician to the presence of carotid occlusion and contralateral carotid artery stenosis, allowing more specific planning of any subsequent arteriography required. PMID- 3911508 TI - Pulsed Doppler: an evaluation of diameter, blood velocity and blood flow of the common carotid artery in patients with isolated unilateral stenosis of the internal carotid artery. AB - Arterial diameter, blood velocity and blood flow of both common carotid arteries were studied in 24 patients with isolated unilateral internal carotid artery stenosis, without any other significant lesion of the carotid system. The methodology used a pulsed Doppler system with two original characteristics: an adjustable range-gated system and a double transducer probe enabling both the arterial diameter and blood velocity to be evaluated. On the involved side, the diameter, the blood velocity and the blood flow were significantly reduced (p less than 0.001) in comparison with the opposite side. The degree of the internal carotid artery stenosis judged on arteriography was negatively correlated with (i) the blood flow of the common carotid artery homolateral to the stenosis (r = 0.78, p less than 0.001); and (ii) the ratio of the common carotid artery blood flow between the involved and the opposite side (r = -0.80, p less than 0.001). The proposed quantitative evaluation can be suitable for the detection and for the follow up of patients with stenosis of the internal carotid artery who do not have any other lesion of the carotid system. PMID- 3911509 TI - Reproducibility of carotid artery Doppler frequency measurements. AB - Doppler sonography of 29 extracranial carotid arteries was performed twice within three days or less. Angiography revealed stenoses with from 10 to 95% diameter reduction in 25 internal carotid arteries whereas four vessels were found to be normal. The systolic peak frequency of the internal carotid artery read from the Doppler spectrum (n = 29) could be reproduced very well. This was shown by a linear regression nearest the line of identical values with a coefficient of correlation r = 0.97 (p less than 0.001). Other values derived from the spectral analysis of the Doppler shift signal were not so well reproduced including the peak frequency ratio (systolic peak frequency of the internal carotid artery/systolic peak of the common carotid artery) (n = 22; r = 0.81; p less than 0.001). The mean frequencies read from the zero-crossing detector recordings (n = 20) could not be reproduced as demonstrated by a linear regression far away from the line of identical measurements with a coefficient of correlation r = 0.43 (p less than 0.05). PMID- 3911510 TI - Recurrent pyogenic cholangitis: an update. PMID- 3911511 TI - The genetics of peptic ulcer disease. PMID- 3911512 TI - [Cultivation of human plasmacytoma cells]. AB - Current knowledge of primary culturing and establishment of continuous cell lines from human plasmacytomas are reviewed. The cells derived from chronic monoclonal tumors are capable of proliferating in culture no more than for 3 weeks. The enrichment of the media with nutrient supplements and growth factors does not improve the cell survival. Most of the described stable cell lines were derived from malignancies of the late stages of tumor progression. Cell lines producing complete molecules of immunoglobulins were established with the aid of sophisticated culturing methods. The microenvironment and growth factors in culture system favoured the survival of transformed plasma cells which retained a high level of differentiation. PMID- 3911514 TI - [Growth of a cell culture on porous capillaries]. AB - The growth of BHK-21 culture cells on the outer surface and in the clear space of capillaries made of phenylone or polyacrylnitrile was studied. The cultivation of cells in the clear space of the capillary extends their survival time and outlines possible ways of continuous cultivation of tissue cells which are cultivated in the attached state. PMID- 3911513 TI - [Characteristics of the distribution of DNA repetitive sequences in the sex chromosomes of 4 species of rodent]. AB - Four rodent species with very large heterochromatic regions on the sex chromosomes have been studied using in situ DNA/DNA hybridization techniques. Repetitious DNA fractions were obtained at C0t 0-0.01. Heterochromatic regions of X and X chromosomes of Cricetulus barabensis and Phodopus sungorus, and the heterochromatic long arm of the Y chromosome of Mesocricetus auratus do not contain disproportionately high amounts of repeated DNA sequences. Heterochromatic regions on sex chromosomes of Microtus subarvalis contain high amounts of repeated DNA sequences. Additional heterochromatic autosomal arms, a heterochromatic arm of the X chromosome, and a short arm of the Y chromosome of Mesocricetus auratus contain high amounts of repeated DNA sequences too. PMID- 3911515 TI - [Stimulating action of epidermal growth factor and insulin on uridine phosphorylation in 3T3 and 3T6 cells]. AB - The influence of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and insulin on uridine phosphorilation was investigated in cell cultures Swiss 3T3 and 3T6, arrested in the medium with serum content of 0.5%. It is shown that following 5-10 minutes the addition of EGF into the culture medium in concentrations from 0.15 to 51 nM results in the increase in the rate of uridine phosphorilation which reaches the maximum value, similar to that of the stimulating effect of 10% serum. Insulin in the 4-85 nM concentrations also enhanced the rate of uridine phosphorilation and exerted a potential influence on EGF effect only in high concentrations. The investigation of the dynamics of binding and internalization of 125I-EGF showed that the number of EGF molecules on membrane increase during 10 minutes after addition of EGF into the medium and then begin to decrease. The binding of EGF with not more than 2% of the total number of cell receptors was shown by approximal estimation to be enough for stimulation of uridine phosphorilation. A conclusion is drawn that the presense of single growth factor EGF in enough for maximum stimulation of early reaction of cells on the proliferation stimulus realized at the posttranscriptional level, while both the additional factors and higher concentrations of EGF are necessary for the maximum induction of DNA synthesis. PMID- 3911516 TI - [Effect of syngeneic lymphocytes, T immunodeficiency and the genotype of bone marrow donors on the differentiation of early and late splenic colonies]. AB - The formation of "early" (5-8 days) and "late" (12-14 days) colonies in spleen of lethally irradiated syngeneic or hybrid recipients after transplantation of bone marrow cells has been studied. The differentiation pattern did not depend on bone marrow cell donor's genotype and the donor-recipient combination. Erythroid to granulocyte colonies ratio (E/G) equals 2. Change of direction of bone marrow colony-forming units (CFU) differentiation has the same pattern at different stages of colony-formation. Under the influence of antigen-stimulated lymphocytes the granulopoiesis (E/G 0.3-0.5) dominanted. The thymectomy of adult animals leads to a predominant formation of erythroid colonies (E/G 3.5-5.1). When T immunodeficiency is reversed with syngeneic lymphocytes, the differentiation of CFU is normalized at all stages of colony-formation. The process of differentiation of haemopoietic precursors, that form "early" and "late" colonies, is under T-lymphocyte control. PMID- 3911517 TI - [Intercellular interactions preceding muscle cell fusion]. AB - Membrane interactions of myogenic cells of the 7-8 old chick embryos were investigated by electron microscopy. Tannic acid was used as specific fixative for biological membranes. Three types of specialized contacts can be revealed in fused myogenic cells: the first is like gap junctions, the second represents a pentalamellar structure, and the third is a so far non-described type of contact showing a membrane complex consisting of two parallel membranes arranged at a distance of approximately 15 nm and connected by electron-dense "bridges". The third type contact is revealed only by tannin-fixation. It is suggested that the "bridge" contact precedes the pentalamellar structure. A transition from the first type of contact to the second one is possible. The pentalamellar structure can be considered as an initial phase of fusion. PMID- 3911518 TI - [Sensitization of murine splenocytes to normal tissue antigens and natural killer activity. II. The effect of immunization with allogeneic and xenogeneic tissues]. AB - Immunization of C3HA mice with allogeneic tissue (liver of DBA mice) leads to wave-like variability in the natural killer activity of their recipient splenocytes. This variability is similar to that of NK-activity due to syngeneic immunization and is characterized by a sharp increase on days 1, 3-4 and 6 after immunization. Xenogeneic immunization exerts no influence on NK-activity, if compared with the injection of 0.14 M NaCl. PMID- 3911519 TI - [Progress in oral cytodiagnosis]. PMID- 3911520 TI - [Bond strength of composite restorative materials to dental tissues]. PMID- 3911522 TI - The posterior palatal seal in complete denture prosthodontics. PMID- 3911521 TI - [Clinical studies on the preparation of a rest seat (1). Surface properties of polished enamel surfaces]. PMID- 3911523 TI - Cholelithiasis in an infant. PMID- 3911524 TI - [Clinical trial of Levothyrox 50 in the treatment of hypothyroidism]. PMID- 3911525 TI - Peripheral nerve sheath tumors. PMID- 3911526 TI - The intellectual odyssey of an Old Turk. PMID- 3911527 TI - Ultrastructural diagnosis of lymphomas and leukemias. PMID- 3911528 TI - Electron microscopic analysis of lymphocyte nuclei in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. AB - Ultrastructural studies of normal and neoplastic lymphocytes are presented that qualitatively and quantitatively assess the central cell organelle currently used by surgical pathologists in the classification of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, the nucleus. Events occurring during normal lymphocyte transformation can be used to appreciate essential mechanisms involved in producing the appearance of the nucleus as seen by microscopy. Quantitation of nuclear subcompartments by morphometric image analysis reveals that determination of nuclear size is primarily due to the ribonucleoprotein materials distributed between condensed chromatin masses, the interchromatinic (euchromatin or nuclear matrix) region. Furthermore, such investigations show that amounts and distribution of condensed chromatin in lymphocyte nuclei cannot be adequately assessed from routine histologic sections. Ultrastructural morphometric analysis of representative cases of the principal subtypes of NHL indicates that the atypical morphologic appearance of neoplastic lymphocytes results from a complex interplay between total amounts of condensed chromatin in nuclei and the size of individual aggregates of condensed chromatin, one or both of which may be abnormal in NHL. Abnormalities of interchromatinic materials are also likely involved in ordering the gross appearance of the nucleus. Understanding of both the dynamic capabilities of the nucleus, and the organization of and interplay between the various subcompartments of this organelle will be helpful in improving the classification of NHL by surgical pathologists. PMID- 3911530 TI - Transmission electron microscopy and immunocytochemistry in the diagnosis of thyroid tumors. PMID- 3911529 TI - Malignant lymphoma, unclassified, most consistent with Hodgkin's disease, lymphocyte depleted type, reticular. PMID- 3911531 TI - [Treatment of urinary infections with a single dose of an antibiotic]. PMID- 3911532 TI - [The significance of invasion of vessels and nerves for cancer recurrence following autosuturing of colorectal anastomoses]. PMID- 3911534 TI - [Surgical treatment of calculous anuria in a patient with a transplanted kidney]. PMID- 3911533 TI - [Results of a kidney autograft and extracorporeal operations in urology]. PMID- 3911535 TI - [Ultrasonic kidney study in anuria]. PMID- 3911536 TI - [Interrelations between the causative agent of urinary tract infection and the patient's body]. PMID- 3911537 TI - [Experience with extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy based on 5 years' clinical use]. AB - After 6 years of experimental research at the Departments of Urology and Surgical Research of the Ludwig-Maximilian University in Munich, extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL) was introduced into clinical use in 1980. Uniquely successful and increasingly requested by stone patients, the method soon became widespread. Currently more than 70 lithotriptors are in operation worldwide and over 30,000 treatments have been carried out successfully. Clinical experience in all centers has proved the safety, reliability and reproducibility of the method. Currently, approximately 70% of nonselected stone patients are eligible to receive ESWL treatment and, when combined with endourological procedures, more than 95% of patients can benefit from this method and thus avoid open surgery. PMID- 3911538 TI - [Use of skin-muscle flaps in reconstructive surgery of the pharynx and larynx]. PMID- 3911539 TI - [Ambulatory treatment of acute and chronic elbow bursitis]. AB - Methods of the conservative and operative treatment of acute and chronic bursitis under conditions of the outpatient clinic are described. No complications were noted. PMID- 3911540 TI - [Wounds and blunt injuries of the abdomen (a review of foreign literature)]. PMID- 3911541 TI - [Hypothermia and cryosurgery in the treatment of acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 3911542 TI - [Remote results of the surgical treatment of patients with pulmonary aspergillosis]. AB - On the basis of an analysis of long-term results of the operative treatment of 17 patients (from 1 to 10 years) the development of possible complications associated with the aspergillous infection was established: aspergillous mycetoma with a bronchial fistula (in 3 patients), chronic aspergillous bronchopneumonia (in 10 patients), polycystosis of the lungs (in 3 patients). A conclusion is made of a necessary continuous dispensary follow-up of the patients operated upon and their treatment by antifungal drugs. PMID- 3911544 TI - [Subchondral autoplasty of the femur head in stage II aseptic necrosis in adults]. AB - A method of the operative treatment of the II stage of aseptic necrosis of the femur by subchondral autoplasty (with bone chips with crystal chymotrypsin) is described. In 18 of 22 patients operated upon good results were noted, in 3 patients results were satisfactory during 2-5 years. PMID- 3911543 TI - [Treatment of profuse gastroduodenal hemorrhages in peptic ulcer and myocardial infarction]. AB - Results of the treatment of 7 patients with gastroduodenal hemorrhage in acute myocardial infarction have shown that urgent operative treatment is indicated after inefficient concentrative hemostatic therapy within 3--6 hours or in recurrent hemorrhages. PMID- 3911545 TI - [Traumatic diaphragmatic hernia in children]. AB - The article presents results of treatment of traumatic diaphragm hernias in 6 boys. The clinical picture, diagnosis and treatment of children with such a disease have been studied. The main cause of the appearance of the traumatic diaphragm hernia is shown to be late diagnosis of ruptured diaphragm associated with fractures of pelvic bones. PMID- 3911546 TI - Field studies on the efficacy of a long acting preparation of oxytetracycline in controlling outbreaks of enzootic abortion of sheep. AB - The effects of long acting oxytetracycline in controlling outbreaks of enzootic abortion of ewes were studied over three consecutive years in 13 different commercial flocks. When used in the face of an outbreak the compound produced a statistically significant reduction in abortion in treated ewes when compared to untreated controls. There was, however, only a marginal difference in the overall abortion rate between treated and untreated groups of ewes in known infected flocks, where the drug was used in anticipation of an abortion storm, mainly because the abortion rate was too low in the control group. It is suggested that oxytetracycline therapy should only be used in an effort to control an actual abortion outbreak on the understanding that the treatment will not eradicate infection from the flock. PMID- 3911547 TI - Advances in immunoparasitology. AB - A selective review of the advances in immunoparasitology is presented. It is selective simply because it is not feasible to embrace the whole field of parasitology within the compass of a single review paper, for if it were attempted, it would suffer undue abbreviation. Emphasis is placed on the advances in helminthology and especially the gastro-intestinal parasites of ruminants, an obvious selection because of the interests of the author. Reviews are always somewhat retrospective in outlook; to write a review at the present time is especially foolhardy since developments in biology are such that totally new concepts can arise almost overnight, as it were. This is a particularly healthy state, and the discipline of parasitology is caught up in the application and interpretation of molecular biological considerations. "Parasitism" is a field of increasing importance and challenge. PMID- 3911548 TI - [Results of clinical trials of Soviet-made 60% and 76% triombrast (analysis of contrasting capacity and tolerance in angiocardiography and urography examinations)]. PMID- 3911549 TI - [Complex roentgenologic and ultrasonic examination of the thyroid gland]. PMID- 3911550 TI - [Effect of prostaglandin F2 alpha on the immune response in rabbits]. AB - Investigations were carried out to make clear the effect of prostaglandin F2alfa on forming the primary immune response, using a model of the La Sota antigen. It was found that up to the 48h hour following the use of prostaglandins the immune response decreased, while at the 72nd hour no such drop was observed. It is suggested to pay due attention also to the application of prostaglandin preparations in taking immunoprophylactic measures in cattle breeding and industrial pig farming. PMID- 3911551 TI - [Embryo transplantation or zygote transfer?]. PMID- 3911552 TI - [Military veterinary service in World War II]. PMID- 3911553 TI - Data on the experimental transmission in the guinea pig of some human chronic degenerative diseases: Creutzfeldt-Jakob and Alzheimer's disease. AB - Guinea pigs were inoculated intracerebrally with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and/or brain tissue suspensions from 8 patients with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) and with CSF from 2 patients with Alzheimer's disease. After a very long incubation period (over 360-420 days) a serially transmissible experimental disease appeared in the guinea pigs inoculated with CSF from 5 of the CJD patients, with either CSF or brain suspension from one CJD patient and with brain suspensions from the remaining 2 CJD patients. The disease was characterized by tremor, ataxia, convulsions and morphopathological lesions, such as spongiform change, glial hyperplasia and vacuolation of the neurons. Inoculations of CSF from the two Alzheimer's disease cases gave negative results. PMID- 3911555 TI - [New diagnostic principles and methods in medical immunology]. PMID- 3911554 TI - Rapid viral diagnosis by immunofluorescence reactions. AB - Data are reviewed that illustrate the efficacy of the immunofluorescence (IF) technique as a method of rapid viral diagnosis. Its constant application in the "Stefan S. Nicolau" Institute of Virology has allowed the detection of viral and/or inframicrobial antigens in cells from patients with eye diseases (keratoconjunctivitis, keratitis, uveitis), stomatitis, skin diseases, benign and malignant gynecopathies, male urethritis, respiratory diseases, facial paralysis, etc. The IF technique has an incontestable advantage as regards the detection of the simultaneous presence of several infectious agents in the same patient. The prerequisites and prospects of a wider application of IF methods for rapid viral diagnosis are briefly discussed. PMID- 3911557 TI - [Myocardial infarct of the right ventricle]. PMID- 3911556 TI - [Functional and morphologic changes in the heart muscle in patients with a heart transplant]. PMID- 3911558 TI - [The effect of end-expiratory pressure artificial ventilation on central hemodynamics]. PMID- 3911559 TI - [The beginning of international combat cooperation]. PMID- 3911560 TI - [Organizational problems of neuropsychiatric care during World War II]. PMID- 3911561 TI - [The Military Naval Medical Academy in the war years]. PMID- 3911562 TI - [Physicians of the 16th Assault Engineers Brigade]. PMID- 3911563 TI - [Planning the work of a unit's medical service (2)]. PMID- 3911564 TI - [The priorities of N. I. Pirogov]. PMID- 3911565 TI - [The relics of N. I. Pirogov tell the story...]. PMID- 3911567 TI - [Military stomatology during World War II]. PMID- 3911566 TI - [M. I. Kalinin and public health (on the 110th anniversary of his birth)]. PMID- 3911568 TI - [Selfless work of the physicians of the 27th Guards' Infantry Division]. PMID- 3911569 TI - [Modern diagnosis of malignant tumors of the bones and joints]. PMID- 3911570 TI - [Lipid peroxidation in normal and pathological states (review)]. PMID- 3911571 TI - [Cobalamins in normal and pathological states (review)]. AB - Four cobalamines (methyl-, hydroxy-, adenosyl- and cyancobalamines) are considered as natural forms of vitamin B12 in human and animal tissues. Methyl- and adenosylcobalamines are the coenzymes of more than 10 enzymes, catalyzing important reactions of lipid, carbohydrate and protein metabolism. The four natural forms of vitamin B12 are interconverted in presence of corresponding enzymatic systems. Content of individual forms of cobalamines and of corresponding coenzymes depends on the function of enzymatic systems involved in their synthesis as well as on the enzymes, which use these derivatives as coenzymes. Spectra of cobalamines in human and animal bodies are dynamic systems, distinctly and specifically responding to various effects. The data on the ratio of individual forms of vitamin B12 in human and animal blood and tissues as well as their alterations under physiological and pathological conditions are discussed. Differentiation of individual physiologically active forms of vitamin B12 and their estimation is very important and may contribute to elucidation of molecular mechanisms of impairments in cobalamine metabolism in various diseases. PMID- 3911572 TI - [Microsomal monooxygenase inhibitors as promising agents for overcoming the drug resistance of the malaria parasite]. AB - A relationship was found between resistance of malarial plasmodium to chloroquine and the increased activity of microsomal monooxygenases, metabolizing drugs in the parasite. A search for effective inhibitors of the enzymatic system was initiated. For this purpose inhibitory effects of 17 alpha hydrodeoxycorticosterone (substance S), 21-acetate-17 alpha hydroxydeoxycorticosterone (acetate of substance S), 4-bromomethyl-2,2,5,5 tetramethyl-3-imidazoline-3-oxide-1-oxyl (RBr), Cu(lysine)2 on activity of arylhydroxycarbone hydroxylase were studied using mice liver microsomes and homogenate of mice malaria cells Plasmodium berghei. Cu(lysine)2 and phenylhydrazine were found to be the most effective inhibitors of the enzyme in samples containing mice liver microsomes or malarial parasite. The data obtained suggest that the inhibitors of microsomal monooxygenases may serve as means for a decrease in malarial parasite resistance to chloroquine. PMID- 3911573 TI - [Structure of fibronectins: similarities and differences]. PMID- 3911574 TI - [Hemolytic effect of staphylotoxin]. AB - Low concentrations of staphylotoxin hemolyzed human erythrocytes at 37 degrees following the kinetics of the first order, high concentrations--by means of kinetics of the second order. Effect of the toxin was distinctly augmented with increase of temperature above 20 degrees. Treatment of erythrocytes with proteolytic enzymes elevated the cell sensitivity to the staphylotoxin. Liposomes, containing a mixture of lecithin, cholesterol and/or hydrocortisone as well as the total lipid fraction from bovine brain, did not affect the hemolysis, but the liposomes containing lecithin and phosphatidyl serine augmented the staphylotoxin effect. The phenomenon found might occur due to enriching of erythrocyte membranes with phosphatidyl serine. PMID- 3911575 TI - Transfusion syphilis, survival of Treponema pallidum in stored donor blood. II. Dose dependence of experimentally determined survival times. AB - The hypothesis that experimentally determined survival times of Treponema pallidum in stored donor blood could be related to the number of treponemes initially present in the treponeme-blood mixtures was investigated by inoculating rabbits with three graded doses of treponemes suspended in donor blood and stored at 4 degrees C for various periods of time. The storage periods up to which living treponemes could be detected in the testes of the inoculated rabbits as well as those storage periods up to which seroconversion occurred are related to the number of treponemes present in the treponeme-blood mixtures. Increasing numbers of treponemes present in the donor blood resulted in longer periods up to which positive results in both parameters were found. All available evidence suggests that the upper limit of seroconversion coincides with the upper limit of treponemal survival. Inoculation with 5 X 10(4) treponemes per ml of donor blood resulted in a treponemal survival time of 48 h, inoculation with 1.25 X 10(6) treponemes per ml in a treponemal survival time of 72 h and inoculation with 2.5 X 10(7) treponemes per ml donor blood in a survival time of 120 h. PMID- 3911576 TI - The use of citrate as an anticoagulant: the Southern connection. PMID- 3911577 TI - [Effect of luliberin on the sex steroid content of the blood plasma in women with Itsenko-Cushing syndrome]. PMID- 3911578 TI - [Effect of hormones on the myocardial bioelectrical and contractile function of duodenal peptic ulcer patients]. PMID- 3911579 TI - [Differential treatment of patients with newly detected diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 3911580 TI - [Hospital mortality in acute myocardial infarct: incidence and causes]. PMID- 3911581 TI - [Amiodarone: pharmacology, clinical use and side effects]. PMID- 3911582 TI - [Acute papillary necrosis in transplanted kidney]. AB - After a short literature survey, indicating the rarity of acute papillary necrosis in transplanted kidneys, the authors reported one of their patients, aged 32, with transplanted dead body kidney from a male, aged 30, with blood group compatibility and compatibility of two antigens in locus A. Two hemodialysis were necessiated because of acute tubular necrosis in the transplant. After the second one, performed 10 days after the transplantation, the patient felt very strong pains in the region of the transplant, edema around it and hypovolemic shock. The kidney was explanted and necrosis of the majority of the papillae in it--established, and around it--blood collection. After that incidence, the patients had three severe gastrointestinal hemorrhages with shocks, that necessitated profuse transfusion of blood. Their cause was a small erosion, about a lentil seed, at the pyloric opening, resulting from the cortico therapy and periodic heparinization for dialysis. The patients was reanimated and returned to programmed chroniodialysis. The possible causes for papillary necrosis are discussed, most acceptable being two of them them--urostasis from 1200 ml urine in the urinary bladder, that required catheterization before the incidence and/or compression and ischemia of the transplanted kidney by the blood collection around it. PMID- 3911583 TI - [Acute recurrence of focal-segmental glomerulosclerosis in the kidney transplanted from mother to son with rapidly progressing failure of renal function]. AB - After a brief survey, stressing upon the high susceptibility of the focal segmental glomerulosclerosis to recurrences in transplated kidney, the authors announced one of their own observations on a youth, aged 19, that was transplated a kidney from a living donor--his mother. The basic disease in the acceptor led to chroniodialysis after 20 months of the first clinical signs. In spite of the high diuresis, that was observed after the transplantation of the maternal kidney, proteinuria persisted as early as the first days after the transplantation, creatinine did not reach the normal values and after I month chroniodialysis was again included, followed by detransplantation. The cause of that malignant course of the disease and in the transplanted kidney, the authors admitted to be the high tissue compatibility between the donor-mother and acceptor--son, one antigen in locus A and two antigens in loci B and DR. They think that with a malignant course of the focal segmental glomurolosclerosis, living donor for kidney transplantation should not be used and on no account--in case of high tissue compatibility. PMID- 3911584 TI - Diagnostic imaging for developing countries. PMID- 3911585 TI - Ultrasonography in the diagnosis and management of biliary ascariasis. PMID- 3911587 TI - Pharyngitis. PMID- 3911588 TI - Computer-assisted assessment of family physicians' knowledge about cancer screening guidelines. AB - The understanding and correct application of cancer screening guidelines is an important aspect of early cancer detection. Prior reports have indicated deficiencies in physicians' knowledge of the subject, promoting various educational activities aimed at primary care physicians. By using an interactive computer program to assess knowledge of the American Cancer Society cancer screening guidelines in a group of 306 family physicians, we found that knowledge of this subject continues to leave room for improvement. PMID- 3911586 TI - Menstrual dysfunction in pathophysiologic states. AB - The menstrual cycle is a complex entity involving many interactions of the central nervous system, hypothalamus, pituitary and ovaries. Normal menstrual function depends on a pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone secretion leading to a pulsatile luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone secretion that stimulates the ovaries. A cyclic burst of luteinizing hormone is also required for ovulation. Certain pathophysiologic states, such as those produced by stress, exercise and drugs, have the potential to affect the cycle at many levels. Chronic illness may have effects on beta-endorphins and hypothalamic functioning. Alternatively, the weight loss associated with chronic illness may alter estrogen metabolism, thus altering hypothalamic or pituitary function. Anorexia nervosa and simple weight loss may have effects at the hypothalamic level or through altering estrogen metabolism, as well. PMID- 3911590 TI - The current status of magnetic resonance spectroscopy--basic and clinical aspects. AB - Magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy is a well-established method of chemical analysis in which the magnetic moment and radio-frequency emission characteristics of each atom and molecule are subjected to a high-intensity magnetic field. This method is now established as a noninvasive way of studying metabolism in vivo. With the development of wide-bore, high field (1.5 tesla or above) magnets, studies of human metabolism are now possible. Most metabolic MR spectroscopic studies have focused on the phosphorus 31 nucleus. Spectra can be obtained from phosphorylated metabolites such as adenosine triphosphate, phosphocreatine, inorganic phosphate and sugar phosphate. In addition, (31)P nuclear magnetic resonance spectra can provide a continuous monitor of the intracellular pH. The other nuclei used for metabolic studies are hydrogen 1, carbon 13 and, to a lesser extent, sodium 23. Much additional research is required before an assessment can be made of the extent to which MR spectroscopy can be used to provide diagnostically useful information. The noninvasive biochemical approach to human metabolism may involve as-yet-undiscovered metabolic features of disease processes. PMID- 3911589 TI - Endoscopic gastrointestinal laser therapy. AB - The development of flexible fibers for the delivery of laser energy led to the first endoscopic laser applications in humans in the early 1970s. Since that time, much has been learned about applications throughout the gastrointestinal tract. The risks appear to be minimal. The coagulative effect of laser energy is used to treat gastrointestinal hemorrhage and small, benign mucosal lesions. The ablative effect of the Nd:YAG laser on tissue is used for palliative therapy for malignant gastrointestinal disorders and incisional therapy for anatomic lesions such as strictures or cysts. New laser modalities that potentially can be tuned throughout large segments of the electromagnetic spectrum, new fiber-optic delivery systems with specialized tips and new methods of sensitizing tissue to laser energy all indicate that the endoscopic laser should continue to have many new and innovative applications. PMID- 3911592 TI - Clinical applications of magnetic resonance imaging--current status. AB - Magnetic resonance imaging has far-reaching real and possible clinical applications. Its usefulness has been best explored and realized in the central nervous system, especially the posterior fossa and brain stem, where most abnormalities are better identified than with computed tomography. Its lack of ionizing radiation and extreme sensitivity to normal and abnormal patterns of myelination make magnetic resonance imaging advantageous for diagnosing many neonatal and pediatric abnormalities. New, reliable cardiac gating techniques open the way for promising studies of cardiac anatomy and function. The ability to image directly in three orthogonal planes gives us new insight into staging and follow-up of pelvic tumors and other pelvic abnormalities. Exquisite soft tissue contrast, far above that attainable by other imaging modalities, has made possible the early diagnosis of traumatic ligamentous knee injury, avascular necrosis of the hip and diagnosis, treatment planning and follow-up of musculoskeletal neoplasms. PMID- 3911591 TI - Basic principles of magnetic resonance imaging--an update. AB - Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging technology has undergone many technologic advances over the past few years. Many of these advances were stimulated by the wealth of information emerging from nuclear magnetic resonance research in the areas of new and optimal scanning methods and radio-frequency coil design. Other changes arose from the desire to improve image quality, ease siting restrictions and generally facilitate the clinical use of MR equipment. Many questions, however, remain unanswered. Perhaps the most controversial technologic question involves the optimal field strength required for imaging or spectroscopic applications or both. Other issues include safety and clinical efficacy. Technologic issues affect all aspects of MR use including the choice of equipment, examination procedure and image interpretation. Thus, an understanding of recent changes and their theoretic basis is necessary. PMID- 3911593 TI - Strategies for treating autoimmune disease with monoclonal antibodies. AB - There is no safe and reliable therapy for most serious autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus. Severe cases usually require treatment with corticosteroids or cytotoxic drugs or both, which frequently provide inadequate disease control and can cause serious complications. These therapies are not restricted in their effects to cells of the immune system, but rather have a broad range of toxic effects on cells throughout the body. The development of monoclonal antibodies has led to new therapeutic strategies through which treatment can be focused more directly on specific cells (and functions) of the immune system. These strategies have already produced promising results in animal models for several important human autoimmune diseases. We will know soon whether treatment with monoclonal antibodies will be effective in persons with autoimmune disease. PMID- 3911595 TI - Overview of marrow transplantation. AB - Bone marrow transplantation is now an accepted form of therapy for many hematologic disorders including aplastic anemia, genetically determined diseases and malignant diseases, particularly leukemia, and for rescue of patients given intensive chemoradiotherapy for malignant disease. The donor may be a healthy identical twin, a family member or even an unrelated person. Selection is made on the basis of human leukocyte antigen tissue typing. Intensive chemoradiotherapy is used to suppress patients' immune systems to facilitate engraftment and destroy diseased marrow. Transfusion of platelets, erythrocytes and granulocytes (or all of these), antibiotic coverage and protection from infection are necessary during the pancytopenic period. Use of a Hickman catheter facilitates maintenance of adequate nutritional intake and provides easy access for drawing blood and intravenous administration. Survival rates vary considerably depending on a patient's disease, clinical state and age. Patients with aplastic anemia transplanted early in the course of their disease have a survival rate of approximately 80%. Patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia are usually transplanted in a second or subsequent remission and have a survival rate of 25% to 40%. Patients with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia in remission have survivals ranging from 45% to 70%. More than 200 patients in the chronic phase of chronic granulocytic leukemia have been transplanted with survival ranging from 50% to 70%. Complications of marrow transplantation include marrow graft rejection, graft-versus-host disease, immunologic insufficiency and the possibility of recurrence of the leukemia. The risk of death from these complications must be balanced against the possibility of cure. PMID- 3911594 TI - Monoclonal antibodies--therapeutic and diagnostic uses in malignancy. AB - Murine monoclonal antibodies represent an attractive type of antitumor therapy because of their potential for exquisite specificity, production in large, pure quantities and mediation of in vivo cytotoxic effects. With maturing monoclonal antibody technology has come the use of these antibodies in clinical studies in patients with malignancy. These trials have established that monoclonal antibodies can be safely administered in large doses, that their pharmacokinetics and tissue penetration can be predicted and that in some instances a therapeutic effect can be produced by their infusion. A number of problems have also been identified by these studies, including antigenic heterogeneity of the tumor, the presence of free serum antigen, the immunogenicity of the xenogeneic antibody, modulation of the surface antigen by the antibody and a finite capacity of human effector mechanisms to mediate cytotoxicity directed by murine antibodies. Other workers are concurrently investigating the use of monoclonal antibodies in the ex vivo elimination of cells from bone marrow, as probes for serum tumor marker antigens and as carriers for radioimaging agents or toxins. Although most of these endeavors are at the earliest stages, promising preliminary results presage an important role for native and altered monoclonal antibodies in the diagnosis and treatment of malignant conditions. PMID- 3911596 TI - One institution's experience with pancreas transplantation. AB - The University of Minnesota has the largest experience with pancreas transplantation of any institution, with 130 cases since 1966, including 116 in 98 patients between July 1978 and June 1985. Currently, 30 patients are insulin independent, 19 for greater than one year, the longest for seven years. One-year patient and graft survival rates overall are 87% and 30%, respectively. Of 98 recipients, 49 had had previous kidney transplants, while 49 had not, and currently most of the pancreas recipients do not have uremia and have not had a kidney transplant but have early complications of diabetes. A total of 44 of the grafts were procured from related and 72 from cadaver donors. Although 32 of the 116 grafts (28%) failed for technical reasons, the most common cause of graft failure has been rejection. Various immunosuppressive regimens have been used in attempts to reduce the rejection rate, and one combination, low-dose cyclosporine azathioprine-prednisone (triple therapy), has been particularly effective, with a one-year functional survival rate of 73% in recipients of technically successful grafts from human leukocyte antigen-mismatched cadaver or related donors (N = 20). The pancreas graft survival rates have improved gradually (43% for 1984 to 1985, N = 30; versus 27% for 1978 to 1983, N = 86) for transplants from both related and cadaver donors. Metabolic studies from most recipients with functioning grafts (insulin-independent) show normal or nearly normal results. Preliminary observations on secondary complications suggest a more favorable course in recipients whose grafts have functioned long term than in those whose grafts failed early. PMID- 3911598 TI - [Ferritin and its diagnostic value]. PMID- 3911597 TI - Pancreas transplantation--registry report and a commentary. AB - From December 1966 through December 1984, there were 561 pancreas transplants reported to the American College of Surgeons/National Institutes of Health Organ Transplant Registry, including 60 from 1966 through June 1977, 206 from July 1977 through December 1982 and 295 from January 1983 through December 1984. One-year graft function-survival rates (insulin-independent) in each of the three periods were 3%, 20% and 40%, and the corresponding patient survival rates were 40%, 72% and 77%. Currently 140 patients have functioning grafts, 76 for more than one year. Of the transplants since July 1977, one-year graft survival rates according to technique are 41% for enteric drainage (N = 155), 30% for polymer injection (N = 260) and 29% for urinary drainage (N = 47). Pancreas graft survival rates at one year according to whether or not the recipients have had a kidney transplant were 35% for recipients of simultaneous grafts (N = 281), 28% in recipients of a pancreas after a kidney (N = 112) and 26% in recipients of a pancreas only who did not have uremia (N = 106); corresponding patient survival rates were 69%, 83% and 83%. Overall, one-year pancreas graft survival rates according to whether the patients did or did not have end-stage diabetic nephropathy were 33% versus 25% and the corresponding patient survival rates were 73% versus 84% (P < .01). Patient survival rates were significantly higher in those without than in those with end-stage diabetic nephropathy. An analysis of technically successful grafts according to principal immunosuppressant showed one-year function rates of 46% in 258 cyclosporine-treated recipients and 26% in 143 azathioprine-treated recipients. Pancreas graft survival rates have progressively improved and the procedure has become safer with advances in surgical technique and immunosuppression. Pancreas transplantation is currently applicable to patients with diabetes mellitus whose complications are, or predictably will be, more serious than the possible side effects of long-term immunosuppression. PMID- 3911600 TI - [Witold Narkiewicz-Jodko (1834-1898); on the 150th anniversary of his birth]. PMID- 3911599 TI - [Electrocardiographic test of beta-adrenergic blockade from the perspective of 20 years]. PMID- 3911601 TI - [Thrombolytic treatment of acute myocardial infarction]. PMID- 3911602 TI - [Current views on the pathogenesis of degenerative changes of the joints]. PMID- 3911603 TI - Microbial models of mammalian metabolism: stereospecificity of ketone reduction with pentoxifylline. AB - The absolute configuration of pentoxifylline alcohol produced by the microbial reduction of pentoxifylline using Rhodotorula rubra (ATCC 20129) was determined by O.R.D. spectroscopy and p.m.r. studies on the R-(+)-alpha-methoxy-alpha (trifluoromethyl) phenylacetate (MTPA) ester. The development of a reverse-phase h.p.l.c. method for resolving the diastereomeric R-(+)-MTPA esters of racemic pentoxifylline alcohol and assignment of the elution order, allowed for the determination of the stereochemical purity of pentoxifylline alcohol produced by 13 microbial cultures shown previously to reduce pentoxifylline. A marked preference for S-alcohol production was observed with five organisms exhibiting complete stereoselectivity towards S-alcohol generation, and two producing the racemic alcohol. PMID- 3911604 TI - Rapid methods for the immunodiagnosis of infectious diseases: recent developments. AB - Current techniques for rapid diagnosis of microbial infections by direct detection of the microbial agent are compared. The techniques include enzyme immunoassay (EIA) tests, immunofluorescence, latex agglutination assays, and nucleic acid hybridization procedures. It is concluded that, for the near future, the preferred methods for rapid diagnosis will be by (1) EIA tests utilizing monoclonal antibodies and improved enzyme detection systems, and (2) improved latex agglutination procedures for certain antigens. Nucleic acid hybridization techniques, as currently performed, will need to be substantially improved to become the methods of choice. PMID- 3911605 TI - Immunodiagnosis of sexually transmitted disease. AB - Methods for detecting microbial antigens in clinical specimens offer an alternative to culture in the diagnosis of some sexually transmitted diseases. Developers of the immunologic methods are faced with a number of problems in evaluating the new tests. Traditionally, these tests are compared to culture as the "gold standard." Unfortunately, culture for Neisseria gonorrhoeae or Chlamydia trachomatis--the two agents most commonly sought--is considerably less sensitive than 100 percent. Immunologic methods may appear to produce false positives when the paired specimens are actually false-negative cultures. Another source of discordant results is sampling variation. These considerations, however, will not account for all false-positive results. Even the best non culture methods have a low rate of false-positive results. If a new test has a specificity of 97 percent, it, by definition, yields approximately 3 percent false-positive reactions. In low-prevalence settings this false-positive rate will create problems in interpreting the results. For example, in a population with 3 percent prevalence of infection, a positive result in a 97 percent specificity test could only have a predictive value of 50 percent. Most testing for STD agents is performed in low-prevalence settings. None of the currently available immunodiagnostic procedures has a performance profile that suggests it will be satisfactory for diagnostic use in the low-prevalence setting. PMID- 3911606 TI - [Modern aspects of surgical therapy of tuberculous spondylitis]. AB - There are presented new approachs to the thoracic and lumbar spine in the vertebrotomy of 29 patients with tuberculous spondylitis. These allow a better survey of the interesting spine parts and enable a certain and wide installation of the bone graft with a better tendency to the formation of the vertebral body block. PMID- 3911607 TI - [Enterotoxin-forming Escherichia coli strains as a cause of diarrhea following the consumption of drinking water]. PMID- 3911608 TI - [The beginnings of physiological chemistry at the Berlin University. Significance of J. Ch. Reil and G. K. L. Sigwart in the development of clinical chemistry]. PMID- 3911609 TI - [Theoretical aspects of the work on public health chronicles as exemplified by Neuruppin]. PMID- 3911610 TI - [Type 2 diabetes--etiopathogenetic aspects]. AB - Prevalence of diabetes and increasing incidence mainly concern the type II diabetes, the etiopathogenesis of which is finally still unclarified. While the behaviour of the insulin secretion of type II diabetes is clarified as far as possible, research of the last years concentrates to disturbances of the insulin binding at the receptor, of the insulin efficiency after receptor binding as well as to the complicated interrelations between insulin secretion and peripheral effectiveness. On the one hand, metabolic sequels of malnutrition and obesity as well as decreasing muscle activity and muscle mass, on the other hand the genetic disposition plays an important role. Recently, insights into disturbed intracellular biochemical courses could be obtained and newer approaches for therapy could be found out. Significant could be the separation into perhaps still reversible findings in the manifestation of the irreversible late findings at the level of postreceptors after longer course of diabetes at least for the type IIb (adipose type). The diversity of etiopathogenetic factors demands substandardizations which would give only beginnings for prevention and optimized differential therapy. It cannot be denied that type II diabetes and arteriosclerosis partly have common genetic and exogenic causes. PMID- 3911611 TI - [Heart antibodies in sarcoidosis]. AB - By means of indicret immunofluorescence sera of 56 patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis of the x-ray stages I-III--among them 25 patients with additional heart involvement--were examined to detect heart antibodies. At all x-ray stages of pulmonary sarcoidosis muscle antibodies were identified. Patients who were treated with glucocorticosteroids showed more antibodies against heart musculature than those ones without therapy. By reason of the results of the indirect immunofluorescence no reliable differentiation was possible between a group with pulmonary sarcoidosis and a group with pulmonary sarcoidosis and additional heart involvement. Similar results could be obtained by use of both animal muscle antigen and human myocardiac antigen so that the use of human myocardiac tissue does not seem to be necessary in order to demonstrate antibodies in case of sarcoidosis. The frequency of the proof of antibodies against muscle antigen draws the attention to an early or systemic affection of the muscular system in sarcoidosis. PMID- 3911612 TI - [Progress in virologic diagnosis and its clinical relevance]. AB - A clinical relevant diagnostic must be performed early and quickly with sufficient sensitivity and specificity. Under these aspects the virological diagnostics with its methods for the demonstration of viruses as well as for the establishment of an immune response is estimated. As to the proof of pathogenic organisms or antigens is referred to electron-microscopic and immunologic methods (e.g. the fluorescence-antibody-technique, enzyme immunoassay) as well as to the hybridization of nucleic acid. The diagnostics of the immune response is above all based on the demonstration of antibodies. Emphasis is laid on the methods for the establishment of IgM-antibodies, which mostly conclude to an acute virus infection. PMID- 3911613 TI - Does an antifoaming agent improve the quality of abdominal ultrasonography? A double-blind study with special reference to the pancreas, the aorta and the para aortic region. AB - To overcome the effects of intestinal gas which may be a problem for ultrasound examinations, a double-blind study was undertaken in 42 patients in whom the first ultrasound examination was unsatisfactory due to excessive intestinal gas. The patients received either a liquid dimeticon preparation over 24 hours (total dosage 480 mg) or a placebo. Criteria for the evaluation of the treatment were the ability to visualize the pancreas, the aorta and the para-aortic region at the second examination. The quality of the ultrasonic images was found to be improved in 52% of the controls by repetition and in 71% of the test substance group, the difference being not significant (p greater than 0.05). It is concluded that: It is worthwhile asking the patient to return for a second examination 24 hours later before resorting to invasive and/or expensive procedures when the first scan was of poor quality and liquid dimeticon has no significant defoaming effect in these patients. PMID- 3911614 TI - [Insulin--a regulator of exocrine pancreas function?]. AB - The following is a review of the literature concerning experimental data on insulin effects in the exocrine pancreas and a discussion whether those experimental data give prove to an important role of insulin in the regulation of the exocrine pancreatic function. Morphological features of an endocrine/exocrine relationship like a special vascularisation and periinsular "halos", a hypertrophy of acini adjacent to the islets of Langerhans, are described. Next the characteristics of the insulin receptor of exocrine pancreatic acini and its regulation by insulin, so called "up- and downregulation", are discussed. This is followed by a description of the exocrine pancreatic function in type I diabetes of humans and in experimental insulin deficiency diabetes of rats. Short term effects of insulin on the exocrine pancreas in vitro, using isolated pancreatic acini, like stimulation of glucose- and aminoacid uptake, stimulation of proteinsynthesis, phosphorylation of certain proteins and stimulation of CCK induced amylase release are discussed. Next potential long term effects of insulin on the exocrine pancreas in vivo like regulation of the synthesis of certain digestive enzymes are described, followed by a discussion of long term insulin effects in vitro employing AR42J cells, a rat pancreatic carcinoma acinar in origin. Additionally the insulin like growth factors and their unknown role in the exocrine pancreas are mentioned. PMID- 3911615 TI - [Transport of antibiotics to the endocardium following administration into the pericardial cavity--experimental study]. AB - After injection of diverse antibiotics (penicillin G, tetracycline, cephalosporin) into the pericardial cavity of miniature swine higher antimicrobial activities in the subendocardial layers (mitral valve) were observed than after the intravenous application. Additional experimental studies should succeed these preliminary results. The intrapericardial application could be discussed than as a last measure in conservative treatment of the therapy resistant endocarditis. PMID- 3911616 TI - [Effect of anastomosis technic on wound healing in the gastrointestinal tract. Animal experiment study of the dog colon with special reference to manual suture technics]. AB - Three manual suture techniques (double-layer inverting, single-layer end-to-end, and continuous suture of the submucosa) were compared with anastomoses performed by stapling instruments (EEA, KZ 28) on the canine colon. The two manual techniques with exact end-to-end apposition led to primary wound-healing during the early postoperative period (3-20 days). There was no significant stenosis at the site of anastomosis five and ten months postoperatively. Inverting sutures as well as stapled anastomoses, however, showed delayed healing with considerable inflammatory reaction, resulting in marked stenosis after five to ten months. PMID- 3911617 TI - [Effect of anastomosis technic on wound healing in the gastrointestinal tract. Animal experiment study of the dog colon with special reference to mechanical suture technics]. PMID- 3911618 TI - [Prenatal differential diagnosis of abdominal and umbilical cord hernias]. AB - At the beginning a systematic presentation of congenital herniations is provided. Corresponding to it, typical sonographic evidences from the number of patients examined at the clinic are shown and discussed. Consequences from prenatal diagnosis of omphaloceles and paromphaloceles--namely in regard to an indication for abortion--result from the existence of associated malformations on the one hand, for the choice of the mode of delivery, on the other, with regard to a postnatal operative correction. PMID- 3911619 TI - [Prenatal diagnosis of osteogenesis imperfecta, type II, following AID]. AB - Osteogenesis imperfecta is a severe disorder of skeletal formation with nonuniform mode of inheritance. Insufficient bone formation in severe cases (Type II and III) leads to spontaneous intrauterine fractures with shortening of the extremities and thoracic deformities. Sonographical, radiological, pathological anatomical and clinical data are presented and discussed in a case which was diagnosed at the 19. week of pregnancy. PMID- 3911620 TI - [Ultrasonic early diagnosis of osteogenesis imperfecta: a case report]. AB - The incorporation of ultrasonic examinations into the usual medical checkup in pregnancies, obliges the diagnostician to specifically look for malformation. The multistage-concept of Hansmann meets the requirements to achieve the highest possible diagnostic accuracy. Provided the multistage-concept functions as expected, it is possible to detect rare malformations at an early stage. The case of a woman, 19 weeks pregnant and ultrasonographically diagnosed as Osteogenesis imperfecta Typ II according to Silence, is presented. PMID- 3911621 TI - [Paradoxical constellations in Doppler sonographic reflux diagnosis]. AB - What we call a paradoxical phenomenon means the constellation of negative Valsalva proximally and positive Valsalva distally in the course of a single venous stem or two successive veins. The explanation of this phenomenon is of fundamental methodological importance, because the existence of true paradoxical refluxes would call into question the reliability of the Doppler technique. We have found five paradoxical phenomena in certain regions of the leg. By means of systematic, superficial and deep Doppler examination, it is possible to explain these phenomena by eight different reflux types. The existence of refluxes coming from extrapelvic branches of the internal iliac vein has been unknown till now, because they are not recognizable by way of routine venographies. Our findings emphasize the high value of the Doppler technique regarding clarification and explanation of the connections between functionally disturbed veins. PMID- 3911623 TI - [Heart transplantation]. PMID- 3911622 TI - [Left ventricular function at rest and by stress in patients with aortic valve diseases. Study using digital subtraction angiocardiography]. AB - Using digital subtraction angiocardiography left ventricular (LV) function and mean pulmonary artery pressure (PPA) at rest and during exercise were examined in 49 patients with aortic valve disease, 23 patients with aortic stenosis (AS), 12 patients with combined aortic valve lesions (kAV) and 14 patients with aortic regurgitation (AI). Muscular hypertrophy was present in all patients. LV-mass-to volume ratio was significantly higher in patients with AS and kAV than in patients with AI. There was no significant difference in heart rate at rest or during exercise among the three groups. During exercise PPA increased significantly in all groups. The increase was significantly higher in patients with AS than in those with AI. End-diastolic and end-systolic volumes increased significantly in patients with AS and kAV on the average, showing no change in patients with AI. Ejection fraction decreased significantly in patients with AS and kAV and remained unchanged in patients with AI. Due to the increase in heart rate cardiac index increased significantly during exercise in all groups. In patients with pressure overloaded left ventricles (AS and kAV) the increase in filling pressure partly results in a decrease of compliance caused by hypertrophy. Thus in these ventricles LV function cannot be judged by LV filling pressures alone. In those patients in whom the indication for valve replacement was given without knowing the results of the exercise test, the changes of LV volumes and ejection fraction were abnormal during exercise on the average.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3911624 TI - [Pharmacotherapy in elderly diabetic patients]. PMID- 3911625 TI - [Clinical decision making and expert systems]. PMID- 3911627 TI - [Sonography]. PMID- 3911626 TI - [Realization formalized diagnostic decision making exemplified by automated ECG analysis]. PMID- 3911628 TI - [Effect of experimentally-induced fever and mastitis on blood circulation of the milk gland and plasma somatotropin in the lactating goat]. PMID- 3911629 TI - [Acute bullous dermatitis developing after contact with cow parsnip (Heracleum)]. PMID- 3911631 TI - [Venereal diseases in the papers of medieval Eastern scientists]. PMID- 3911630 TI - [Pathogenetic significance of the reduction in the concentration of insulin in the erythrocytes of patients with annular granuloma and lipoid necrobiosis]. PMID- 3911632 TI - [Positive serological reactions following syphilis therapy]. PMID- 3911633 TI - [History of the names for syphilis]. PMID- 3911634 TI - [Abu Bakr Razi on skin disease (on the 1120th anniversary of his birth)]. PMID- 3911635 TI - [Current significance of the work of G. V. Gershuni on subsensory reactions]. PMID- 3911636 TI - [Growth of small murine rodents under laboratory conditions (the example of voles of the genus Clethrionomys)]. PMID- 3911637 TI - [Risk of infection of central venous catheters in childhood--results of a prospective study]. AB - Contamination rate of 228 central venous catheters and incidence of catheter related septicaemia were studied prospectively in 133 children (98 newborn, 11 infants, 14 children). An exact protocol determined all details related to catheter insertion, subcutaneous tunneling, local disinfection with polyvinyliodide ointment, procedure of mixing the solutions for parenteral feeding, etc. Culture swabs were taken routinely from the feeding solutions and the infusion device. After removing the catheter additional bacteriological studies were performed from the catheter tip and the skin at the site of insertion. Although the results showed a low incidence of contamination at the infusion device (1.1%) and the parenteral solutions (3.6%), the contamination rate of the skin (31.6%) and the catheter tip (35.3%) were exceedingly high. While the bacteriological studies of the infusion and the infusion set showed mostly apathogenous cocci, staphylococci epidermidis and staphylococci aureus were predominant on the skin and the catheter tip. Despite this high contamination rate a catheter related septicaemia was suspected in 17 cases only (7.4%). In six catheters (2.6%) the infection was confirmed by bacteriological results which always showed the typical micro-organisms found on the skin at the catheter insertion site. Therefore, the most important infection route seems to be the way from the skin to the catheter tip. Despite negative bacteriological results in the other eleven catheters a septicaemia was highly suspected on the basis of the laboratory findings.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3911638 TI - [Consequences from prenatal sonography of urinary tract abnormalities]. AB - At the Gynaecologic Clinic of the University of Milan/Italy from 1979-1983, pathological changes of the urinary tract were diagnosed in 55 foeti on the occasion of routine sonography of pregnants. In 23 children prenatal diagnosis was confirmed. 5 neonates had another disease than the disease of the urinary tract assumed during the prenatal period. In 19 neonates the first diagnosis had to be rescinded because of a second examination showing normal findings. 8 neonates could not be examined a second time. Advantages of an intrauterine diversion of urine could not be verified. Therefore, the following diagnostic and therapeutic consequences from the prenatal examination by sonography are recommended: Immediate check and analysis of prenatal findings in the neonatal period by further examinations. Short-term checks to clarify indication for operation. Avoidance of early complications and other kidney changes by early therapy. PMID- 3911639 TI - Proceedings of the Manchester meeting of the Society for Research into Hydrocephalus and Spina Bifida, 1985. PMID- 3911640 TI - The self concept of adolescents with spina bifida. AB - A study of the children's self concepts was conducted as part of the twelve year follow-up phase of the Greater London Council's Spina Bifida Survey. On the three measures used, there were few significant differences between the spina bifida children and controls, nor between the spina bifida children divided according to such variables as disability level or school type. It was hypothesised that, at twelve years, the children had not yet developed sufficient self-awareness or ability to appreciate the wider implications of their disability, therefore a further sample of spina bifida teenagers was tested. The results from both spina bifida groups showed few significant differences, suggesting that the self concepts of young people with spina bifida in early and later adolescence are neither markedly different from those of their peers, nor associated with degree of disability level or type of school attended. Early hospitalisation was negatively correlated with self concept at twelve years (equivalent data were not available for the teenagers) and this finding is discussed. PMID- 3911641 TI - Gender and spina bifida--some misconceptions. AB - 1367 survivors (997 myelomeningoceles, 207 meningoceles, 81 lipomas of the cauda equina and 82 encephaloceles) were included in this study of sex differences. Contrary to widespread opinion, very few differences were observed. Myelomeningocele patients had significantly lower IQs, smaller heads and thinner brains. However, these differences were small and clinically inconsequential. There were no significant differences in degree of physical handicap. Any differences which were found tended to reflect research findings from the nonhandicapped population. Likewise, the males and females with meningoceles, lipomas and encephaloceles were remarkably similar in their intellectual and physical handicap characteristics. Sex differences in patients with neural tube malformations are of minimal significance and only likely to affect clinical decisions in the area of genito-urinary problems. PMID- 3911642 TI - The long-term results of the surgical management of paralytic pes cavus by soft tissue release and tendon transfer. AB - Twenty-six patients with paralytic pes cavus were managed by early soft tissue correction and tendon transfer. Eighteen had spina bifida, 6 had peroneal muscular atrophy and two had cerebral palsy. The most frequent operations were flexor hallucis longus tenodesis, Girdlestone's flexor to extensor tendon transfer and plantar release. The indications for these procedures are discussed and the results presented, with particular reference to static and dynamic foot pressure studies performed at review. Follow-up averaged 5.2 years. Toe correction was found to be successful in most cases but plantar release failed in 55% of feet, with many progressing to fusion. Many failed feet had presented at an earlier age and it was felt that the initial procedures had delayed the need for bony correction thus minimising growth disturbance. PMID- 3911643 TI - Does the spina bifida clinic need an ophthalmologist? AB - 322 children who were suffering from either spina bifida or hydrocephalus were examined over a six year period. Regular examinations were made of visual acuity and field, ocular motility and fundus starting at the time of birth or diagnosis and repeated, whenever possible, at each clinic visit or hospital admission. A particular effort was made to see children about to have exploratory surgery for suspected shunt dysfunction or raised intra-cranial pressure to determine the frequency of positive eye findings in such cases. Ophthalmic complications were found to be very common in the children studied. 136 (42%) had a manifest squint, 93 (29%) a lateral rectus palsy or musculo-paretic nystagmus, 44 (14%) had papilloedema and 55 (17%) had optic atrophy. Only 86 (27%) definitely had normal visual function. 70% of proven episodes of shunt dysfunction had positive ophthalmological evidence of raised intracranial pressure. The presence of an ophthalmologist in the spina bifida and hydrocephalus clinic was increasingly valued as the study progressed. Every spina bifida and hydrocephalus clinic should have an ophthalmologist in its medical team. He should undertake regular examinations of visual acuity and field, ocular motility and fundi, starting at the time of birth or diagnosis, and tailor ophthalmic care to the special needs of these children. This should ensure that these children achieve and maintain the best possible standard of vision and that the earliest ophthalmic signs of raised intracranial pressure can be detected in patients where the diagnosis is in doubt. PMID- 3911644 TI - The fetal neural tube: is intervention progress? AB - Fetal therapy has now become a reality and many centres specializing in this field have been established in several countries. The in utero treatment of fetal hydrocephalus is bedevilled by many problems, including poor patient selection, problems with shunt design and general lack of understanding of the pathogenesis of hydrocephalus. Implantation of a ventriculo-amniotic shunt employing a one-way valve into the fetal skull allows continuous evacuation of CSF. One such model has been developed by us and should be ready for clinical trials in the near future. There is strong evidence that the fetal brain has a high capacity for rapid growth and regeneration. However, the process is poorly understood and there is great need for further study. No attempts have yet been made to treat spina bifida in utero. However, the advantages demonstrated in our earlier studies using allogeneic bone transplantation in utero resulted in the development of an allogenic bone paste. This substance can be moulded to any desired shape and is ideal for the restoration of bone loss resulting from cranial injuries or the correction of skull defects. The allogeneic bone paste has been also applied in utero for the repair of surgically induced spina bifida like lesions in the animal model. PMID- 3911645 TI - Failure to detect antihuman-immunoglobulinallotype-active antibodies in diagnostic sera directed against some enterobacteria. AB - Diagnostic sera to determine antigenic properties of bacteria were tested to clarify the question whether these sera also contain antibodies being active against human immunoglobulin allotypes. Sera directed against various strains of Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Shigella were found to be negative for anti-Ig allotype activity. PMID- 3911647 TI - [A piece of Tubingen University history. From the "Old Clinic" in Osianderstrasse]. PMID- 3911646 TI - [Liver rupture in a newborn infant caused by hemangiomatosis of the liver]. AB - When a court-ordered autopsy was carried out on a deceased 17-day-old child, multinodular hemangiomatosis of the liver was determined to be the cause of massive intra-abdominal bleeding. The physicians who had treated the child had suspected this disease because of the results of their sonographic investigations, but were unable to reach a final diagnosis. Also, the results of the autopsy excluded negligence by the obstetricians with certainty. PMID- 3911648 TI - [Julius Cohnheim (20 July 1839-15 August 1884) and his work. Papers from a festschrift]. PMID- 3911649 TI - [Philosophical and social principles of medical theoretical thinking in the 2d half of the 19th century]. AB - The rapid progress in pathology which was made in Germany from 1840-1890 was related to parallel achievements in the development of new scientific concepts of disease. These met demands for new knowledge and were consistent with the ideals of the then prevailing bourgeois society about what constituted legitimate and constructive uses of scientific understanding. The specific contributions which Cohnheim made to the dissemination of new concepts of disease and his efforts to promote experimental research in pathology are described. PMID- 3911650 TI - [Life and places of activity of Julius Cohnheim]. AB - This paper gives an account of the life of Cohnheim (1839-1884) beginning in Berlin where for seven years he was one of the most able pupils of Virchow, to the professorial chairs in Kiel (1868), Breslau (1872) and finally Leipzig (1878) where he headed the Pathological Institute until his premature death in 1884. In his scientific work Cohnheim devoted his attention to four great themes. These were the study of inflammation and the pathology of circulation, the causes and development of tumours as well as the problem of tumour metastasis and the aetiology of tuberculosis. The sum of his experience in all these central problems of pathology has been brought together in his "Lectures on general pathology". His worldwide reputation rests especially on his research into the causes of inflammation, in which he experimentally confirmed the outward migration of leucocytes through the blood vessel wall. Cohnheim fully recognized the importance which experiments have for pathology and made fundamental contributions to the perfection of experimental pathological techniques. PMID- 3911651 TI - [Cohnheim's inflammation doctrine and the current debate]. AB - In a historical view the development of the concept of inflammation and the assessment of its importance are considered in the light of the situation in the field of pathologic anatomy in the last century dominated as it was by the work of Cruveilhier, Rokitansky and Virchow. It is to Cohnheim that we owe the realization that inflammatory cells originate in the circulation. He attributed this to an alteration of the vessel wall. Years before the tuberculosis bacillus was discovered, Cohnheim recognized the disease as a single entity. He also distinguished "tumours" of infectious origin from true neoplasms. Observations made by Cohnheim continue to form part of the contemporary body of knowledge, for example the rejection of an acellular origin for inflammatory cells. Cohnheim's work provides the basis for current notions of allergy, granuloma formation and the pathologic changes associated with tuberculosis. Similarly our pathobiochemical views of inflammation are ultimately based on the appreciation of changes in microcirculation and capillary permeability. PMID- 3911652 TI - [The concept of Julius Cohnheim on tumor formation and metastasis from the viewpoint of new research results]. AB - Study of Cohnheim's work reveals the substantial contribution which he made to the understanding of neoplastic disease. He was the first to make a clear distinction between true neoplasma and lesions resembling it. He distinguished between epithelial and mesenchymal tumors. His theory of the proliferation of developmental tissue rests contributed to the understanding of tumor etiology and pathogenesis. In contrast to the majority of his contemporaries he correctly interpreted the process of metastasis. His greatest error was his rejection of the theory of irritation promulgated by his teacher Virchow. PMID- 3911653 TI - [Julius Cohnheim's contribution to cardiovascular pathology with special reference to myocardial infarct]. AB - The close relationship between Cohnheim und Virchow and the possible influence of this tie on Cohnheim's work in the field of the pathology of the circulation are discussed. Cohnheim's own investigations focussed on the occurrence of emboli and temporary ischemia and their effects on different organs in various experimental animals. He was the first to undertake experimental ligation of the coronary artery in the dog and, in collaboration with Huber, he hypothesized the connection between coronary artery sclerosis on the one hand and necrosis, myocardial scarring and sudden unexpected death on the other. Cohnheim's concept of myocardial infarction remains one of his most enduring ideas. PMID- 3911654 TI - [Endotoxin in diffuse suppurative peritonitis]. AB - Endotoxin has been measured in the blood and peritoneal fluid from 28 patients with diffuse peritonitis after intestinal perforation, intestinal obstruction or mesenteric infarction. Phenol-Water-Extraction for plasma preparation has been used. Endotoxin in correlated with the clinical state in these patients. PMID- 3911655 TI - [Our surgical heritage. Max Burger and surgical pathophysiology. On the 100th birthday of Max Burger (16 November 1885-5 February 1966]. AB - Max Burger, born in 1885 in Hamburg, was an outstanding physician in the first half of this century. He markedly influenced many fields in internal medicine. Even in 1922 he investigated the postoperative changes in protein metabolism on the basis of clinical experiments made together with the surgeon M. Grauhan. The discovery of the postoperative loss of nitrogen must be attributed to M. Burger, not to D. P. Cuthbertson. In 1937 he was appointed to the vacant chair of internal medicine in the University of Leipzig. His work and his great achievements in the medical field were duly appreciated during his life and even after his death in 1966. PMID- 3911657 TI - [Partial resection of the spleen--an alternative to splenectomy in hematologic diseases in childhood]. PMID- 3911656 TI - [Cholelithiasis in childhood and adolescence]. PMID- 3911658 TI - [Postoperative complications in the plastibell phimosis operation]. PMID- 3911659 TI - [Our surgical heritage. Conrad Ramstedt (1867-1962)--surgeon and scientist]. AB - This is a short biography of the famous German surgeon, who was the first to split the hypertrophic muscular ring in congenital pyloric stenosis, an operative procedure known in connection with his name until today. PMID- 3911660 TI - The use of the coagglutination test to determine whether Australian and New Zealand isolates of Escherichia coli produce the heat-labile enterotoxin. AB - A rapid method for identifying strains of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) which produce the heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) was evaluated. It was shown generally to be more sensitive in identifying LT producing ETEC than the traditional methods. It is considered particularly useful for the small laboratory, because no complex equipment is required. PMID- 3911661 TI - Enterotoxigenicity of clinical isolates of non-O1 Vibrio cholerae. AB - Whole cultures, but not culture supernatant fluids, of 21 isolates of non-O1 V. cholerae from patients with diarrhea were shown to induce positive fluid accumulation in infant mice. CHO cell assays demonstrated the elaboration of heat labile cytotonic, cytotoxic or both factors from most isolates when grown under optimal culture conditions. These factors were not neutralized by anti-cholera toxin serum. Also genetic studies performed on 9 vibrio isolates using a DNA hybridization probe failed to detect gene sequences homologous with cholera toxin. ELISA assays recognized six isolates which produced a cell-associated substance which immunologically cross-reacted with cholera toxin. Enzymatic profiles of the vibrio isolates did not correlate with the production of any toxic factor. The results indicate that mainly heat-labile and cell-associated cytotonic and cytotoxic factors appear to influence the enterotoxigenic potential of this heterogenous group of non-O1 vibrios. PMID- 3911662 TI - Correlative properties for a differentiation of two Clostridium sordellii phenotypes and their distinction from Clostridium bifermentans. AB - As the present classification (19) of Clostridium sordellii and C. bifermentans is based on properties which are not conclusive for most of our strains, we investigated 80 strains from various origin of this group regarding 30 selected properties. Four of these properties were correlative and therefore particularly important for a distinct differentiation of the strains investigated: urease activity (U), growth inhibition by 1% mannose (M), arginine deaminase activity (A), and sialidase (EC 3.2.1.18) activity (S). Concerning these four characters three clusters were formed: cluster I was positive for U, M, A, and S and comprised 36 strains including C. sordellii type strain (ATCC 9714T); cluster II was positive for M and S and negative for U and A and comprised twelve strains including strain ATCC 35392; and cluster III was positive for A and negative for U, M, and S and comprised 32 strains including C. bifermentans type strain (ATCC 638T). Only two of the correlative properties (U and S, U and A, A and M, or A and S) needed to be tested to determine the affiliation of any strain of the C. sordellii/bifermentans group to one of the three clusters. Clusters I and II, representing two phenotypes of C. sordellii, can now clearly be distinguished from C. bifermentans. Sialidase formed by cluster I and II strains was inhibited by antibodies produced against cluster I strain sialidase. No cross reaction was found with other clostridial sialidases. Pathogenicity, hitherto considered as one of the distinctive properties of C. sordellii and C. bifermentans, was found with various strains of all the three clusters. Therefore, in the case of an infection caused by these two species, care should be taken as to the pathogenicity especially of C. bifermentans and treatment should be accordingly. PMID- 3911663 TI - Studies on the identification of Campylobacter species using biochemical tests and high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - A total of 56 strains of Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) isolated from diarrhoeal patients were characterized by biochemical tests. The following reactions were performed: hydrolysis of hippurate, reduction of nitrate and nitrite, activity of deoxyribonuclease, hydrolysis of Tween(R) 40, 60 and 80. Including the hydrolysis of the different Tweens(R), 14 biotypes could be distinguished. 19 out of the 56 strains of C. jejuni and the nomenclatural type strains of C. jejuni, C. coli, C. laridis, C. fetus subsp. fetus, subsp. venerealis, C. faecalis, C. sputorum subsp. sputorum, subsp. mucosalis, subsp. bubulus were examined for the production of volatile (VFA) and non-volatile (NVFA) short-chain fatty acids using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a column for organic acids (Aminex HPX-87 H). A standard mixture of 21 short-chain fatty acids was taken as reference. By this method 5 biotypes of C. jejuni could be characterized. The most frequent biotype was type 1 (78.9%). All the biotypes produced succinic, acetic and butyric acids. Differences existed in the production of pyruvic, malonic, formic and isobutyric acids. C. jejuni could rapidly and clearly be distinguished from C. coli, C. fetus subspp. and catalase-negative Campylobacter species. No qualitative differences were found between the subspecies of C. fetus, C. sputorum subsp. sputorum and subsp. bubulus, C. sputorum subsp. mucosalis and C. faecalis were characterized by presence of fumaric and malonic acid, respectively. PMID- 3911664 TI - [Selection of R plasmid-carrying E. coli pathogens in a mixed population by subinhibitory antibiotic concentrations]. AB - The effect of subinhibitory concentrations of tetracyclin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin and ampicillin in a mixed culture of E. coli was investigated in a chemostat in order to determine minimal selection concentration of these drugs. The mixed culture consisted of three clones of E. coli K12 921. One of these clones was plasmid free, one harboured the F'lac plasmid and the third one an R factor. The antibiotics tetracyclin, chloramphenicol and gentamicin selected the antibiotic resistant R-factor bearing strain at a concentration of 1/10 of the minimal inhibition concentration. Subinhibitory concentrations of ampicillin failed to select the R-factor bearing strain because this strain produced a secreted betalactamase. PMID- 3911666 TI - [Telencephalization and the transposition of functions in the vertebrate central nervous system in the light of new data]. PMID- 3911665 TI - Immunocytochemical characterisation of human pituitary adenomas. AB - Immunohistochemical and histological investigations were undertaken on 24 surgically-removed pituitary adenomas. By histology (haemalu-eosin staining), 7 chromophobe, 12 acidophil and 5 basophil pituitary adenomas were revealed. For immunohistochemical purposes the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique was applied. Primary antisera against 10 hormones were used. By immunohistochemistry, 7 prolactin-containing, 2 TSH-containing, 2 GH-containing and 1 beta-endorphin containing pituitary adenomas were identified. Furthermore, 1 mixed thyrotropic prolactin human pituitary adenoma was detected. A possible connection between histological and immunocytochemical findings is discussed. PMID- 3911668 TI - [At the sources of the joining of forces of the medical and therapeutic services of Soviet public health in the field of prevention (on the 60th anniversary of the convocation of the IX All-Russian Congress of Bacteriologists, Epidemiologists and Health Officers)]. PMID- 3911667 TI - [Somatosensory and auditory perception based on research data from using focused ultrasound]. PMID- 3911669 TI - [Properties of Serratia marcescens strains isolated in septic diseases of newborn infants]. AB - As the result of the study of blood and liquor samples from 120 newborns, Serratia marcescens was isolated in 21 cases (17.5 %). 8 strains were isolated from the environment of these patients. Almost all strains isolated from both the patients and the environment (with the exception of one environmental strain) belonged to serotype 04. The isolated S. marcescens strains were resistant to penicillin, ampicillin, streptomycin, kanamycin, oxacillin, methicillin, ceporin and moderately sensitive to polymixin. 2 strains from the environment and 9 strains from the patients were mildly sensitive to gentamicin. In one hospital all isolated strains were found to have 2 transmissive R plasmids with the molecular weight 40 and 60 megadaltons. The presence of R plasmids with the same molecular weight in all S. marcescens strains isolated in this hospital, as well as their serological identity, suggest that in all patients infection originated from a common source. PMID- 3911670 TI - [Experimental (preclinical) study of genetically engineered human interferon based on recombinant clones of E. coli 74 and Pseudomonas Sp VG-84]. AB - The results of the experimental (preclinical) study of interferon alpha2 from Pseudomonas sp VG-84 obtained from the All-Union Research Institute of Genetics and Selection of Industrial Microorganisms in comparison with the preparations of interferon alpha2 from E. coli 74 and natural human interferon (obtained from the Gamaleya Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology) are presented. Interferon alpha2 from Pseudomonas, a highly purified preparation, has been shown to possess pronounced biological activity (antiviral and antiproliferative) in the culture of human cells. The medicinal form of the preparation has proved to be completely safe and areactive for animals, which makes it possible to recommend the preparation for testing on volunteers. PMID- 3911671 TI - [Effect of proteolytic enzymes on the enhanced sensitivity of a cell culture of goat embryonic kidney to Newcastle disease virus]. AB - The influence of proteolytic enzymes on the increase of the sensitivity of cell cultures to Newcastle disease virus was tested in the continuous culture of goat embryo kidney cells. In this investigation the dose of trypsin and the time of incubation for the treatment of the cell culture was selected. The preliminary treatment of the monolayer culture of goat embryo kidney cells with trypsin by incubation at a temperature of 18-20 degrees C for 30 minutes made it possible to increase the sensitivity of the culture to Newcastle disease virus 10-fold. PMID- 3911672 TI - [Secondary immune response to flagellin conjugates with polyacrylic acid]. AB - The conditions of the activation of immunological memory by means of flagellin and its conjugate with polyacrylic acid (PAA) have been studied. The flagellin PAA conjugate has proved to be capable of inducing the appearance of memory cells when introduced in doses, considerably lower (0.01 and 0.001 micrograms) than those of native protein (0.1, 1 and 10 micrograms). At the same time no manifest differences in the reactivation of flagellin-induced and conjugate-induced memory cells by the antigen have been established. Immunization with protein, as well as with its conjugate, has been found to induce the formation of mainly anti-Hi : 1,2 IgG in secondary immune response. PMID- 3911673 TI - [Effect of normal and immune IgG, IgM and IgA on the intestinal microflora of mice with experimental dysbacteriosis]. AB - Human IgG, IgM and IgA produce a pronounced protective effect, preventing enterobacteria from penetration into the mucous membrane of the proximal section of the small intestine of mice in antibiotic-induced dysbacteriosis. Normal mouse IgG and IgM, in contrast to IgA, are effective against mucosal enterobacteria of the small intestine. Immune mouse IgG, IgM and IgA show greater activity in protecting the mucous membrane than normal immunoglobulins of these classes. PMID- 3911674 TI - [Mechanisms of the mediated neutrophil reactivity to Escherichia coli peptidoglycan]. AB - The opsonic properties of normal serum with respect to E. coli peptidoglycan was studied under the actual conditions of the oxygen-dependent metabolism of neutrophils. In the course of the differentiated study of the influence of antibodies, the classical and the alternative cascades of complement the serum was heated, treated with ethylenediaminetetraacetate and ethylene glycol tetraacetate, exhausted in the cold. In serial experiments the opsonic activity of purified fibronectin was studied. The indirect reactions were shown to be the leading mechanisms of the neutrophil-stimulated activity of E. coli peptidoglycan. IgG was found to be in the center of the opsonic cooperation and thus to determine the quantitative manifestation of the total phenomenon. Complement proved to be of lesser importance; depending on the conditions of the experiment, the activation of complement occurred by the alternative way (after the removal of antibodies) or the classical way (whole serum). The actual contribution of IgG-independent and complement-independent opsonins was insignificant. Fibronectin in physiological concentrations showed no opsonic activity. PMID- 3911676 TI - [Disputed taxonomic problems of Vibrio cholerae]. PMID- 3911675 TI - [Changes in the oxygen-dependent metabolic activity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes from the peripheral blood and macrophages from the peritoneal exudate in the experimental infection of mice with the causative agent of plague]. AB - The subcutaneous infection of C57BL/6J mice and noninbred white mice with 40 LD100 of Y. pestis virulent strain has been found to produce synchronous changes in the oxygen-dependent metabolism (ODM) of peripheral blood neutrophils in the spontaneous or zymosan-, E. coli- and Y. pestis-stimulated variants of the NBT test. These changes can be divided into three phases: (I) the phase of a sharp drop in ODM activity; (II) the phase of the increase of this activity, occurring simultaneously with the penetration of Y. pestis cells into the blood stream; and (III) the phase of the terminal decrease of ODM activity as the cytotoxic lesion of phagocytic cells occurs. Peritoneal exudate macrophages show a more gradual decrease in ODM activity. The infection of the animals with 40,000 LD100 of Y. pestis has been found to produce an increase in the ODM activity of neutrophils, rapidly followed by its decrease to the zero level. Macrophages show phasic changes in their ODM activity, identical to changes in the ODM values of neutrophils in mice infected with 40 LD100 of Y. pestis. PMID- 3911677 TI - [Toxoplasmosis and the epidemiological status of the population. Approaches to determining the incidence of cases of acquired toxoplasmosis]. PMID- 3911679 TI - [Immunochemical profile of Staphylococcus aureus exoproducts]. AB - The immunochemical profile of the exoproducts of S. aureus, isolated from a suppurative focus, included two groups of antigens: cell-wall antigens and exoproduct antigens proper. Cross reactions revealed that the highest peak was identical to the preparation of staphylococcal serine proteinase whose high activity had been determined in the biochemical study of the strain. PMID- 3911678 TI - [Adhesive interactions of fungi in the genus Candida with the epithelial cells of human mucous membranes]. PMID- 3911680 TI - [Characteristics of the B lymphocytes participating in the reaction of allogeneic stem cell inactivation]. AB - In this work the B-cells of mouse lymph nodes are characterized. B-cells produce a helper effect on the capacity of the T-lymphocytes of the lymph nodes for inactivating nonsyngeneic stem cells. The study has revealed that the genetic heterogeneity of the B-lymphocytes does not lead to the abolition of their helper activity. B-lymphocytes of "B-mice" have also been shown to be capable of enhancing the inactivating activity of T-cells. PMID- 3911682 TI - [History of inoculations in Russia]. PMID- 3911681 TI - [Experience with the expanded WHO program on immunization against tetanus]. PMID- 3911683 TI - [Use of protein A in the immunosorbent analysis of antibodies to the tick-borne encephalitis virus]. AB - The results of the studies made with a view to developing the method for the determination of specific antibodies to the antigen of tick-borne encephalitis virus in human blood serum and liquor are presented. The method is based on the capacity of Staphylococcus aureus protein A to bind with Fc-region of immunoglobulins, which makes it possible to use this protein as the "second" system of antibodies. The conditions for the sorption of the antigen on polystyrene test tubes and for binding 125I-or horse radish peroxidase-labeled protein A preparations with antibodies have been determined, and the method has been approved in tests made on sera and liquor obtained from donors and tick borne encephalitis patients. PMID- 3911684 TI - [Preparation and use of magnetic sorbents for studying microorganism antigens]. AB - In this work simple techniques for obtaining polyacrylamide sorbents with magnetic properties are described. These techniques have permitted obtaining block and microgranulated sorbents with the immobilization of antibodies from plague antiserum in the cellular gel structure for the specific sorption of killed and live Yersinia pestis cells and their first fraction; pig brain gangliosides have also been incorporated into the gel structure with a view to the sorption of cholera toxin from the filtrate of Vibrio cholerae culture. The magnetic properties of sorbents, obtained by the copolymerization of powdered magnetic ferric oxides in gel, have made it possible to increase the effectiveness of specific sorption due to mixing and rapid separation in different magnetic fields, as well as to facilitate and accelerate manipulations with the sorbent at all stages. The capacity of different types of sorbents and the time of sorption have been determined. PMID- 3911685 TI - [Biological properties of enterotoxigenic Escherichia isolated from patients with acute intestinal diseases of unknown etiology]. AB - As the result of the comparative examination of adult patients with acute enteric diseases and normal adults, 173 E. coli enterotoxigenic strains were isolated (161 strains from the patients and 12 strains from normal persons). 83% of the isolated enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) produced two enterotoxins: thermolabile (LT) and thermostable (ST). Enterotoxigenicity was most pronounced in the strains of ETEC belonging to the prevaling variant ST + LT +. The enterotoxigenic properties of ETEC were highly stable: the production of ST and LT in the strains remained unchanged after their storage for up to 4 years. The isolated ETEC comprised 48 serogroups and 61 strains. The strains belonging to the same seroval had a similar degree of toxigenicity. The strains belonging to different serovars considerably differed in the activity of their enterotoxins. The production of two kinds of enterotoxins in the isolated E. coli strains was inter-related: the strains with a high activity of ST were, as a rule, good producers of LT. PMID- 3911686 TI - [Yersinia pseudotuberculosis plasmids and their significance in the realization of the epidemic process in pseudotuberculosis]. AB - The results obtained in the electrophoretic study of the plasmid spectra of 190 Y. pseudotuberculosis strains, isolated from different sources, in 0.6% agarose gel are presented. 11 types of plasmids differing in their molecular weight have been detected. Plasmids with a molecular weight of 45 MD determine Ca2+ dependence, bacterial virulence for white mice and autoagglutination. The presence of differences in Y. pseudotuberculosis strains of serovars I, III and IV has been established, which is manifested by their differing plasmid spectra. The relationship between the presence of plasmids with a molecular weight of 75 and 45 DM in the strains and the character of pseudotuberculosis morbidity in the population has been demonstrated. The epidemic course of infection correlates with the presence of both these plasmids and the sporadic course of infection, with the presence of the plasmid with a molecular weight of 45 MD only. PMID- 3911687 TI - [Role of peritoneal macrophages in the development of an experimental Salmonella infection]. AB - The effect produced on the course of Salmonella infection in mice by the removal of peritoneal macrophages with agarose has been studied. Peritoneal macrophages have been shown to control the multiplication of faintly virulent and virulent S. typhimurium strains in the spleen of mice. In immune mice the elimination of the virulent strain of the causative agent of superinfection may occur without the control of peritoneal macrophages. PMID- 3911689 TI - [Experimental-psychological study of prognostication in neurotic patients]. AB - Experimental and psychologic examinations of 35 neurotic patients revealed errors in the prediction, including the probability one, the nature and the degree of these errors depending on the type of neurosis. Use of a complex of methods helped to detect the contribution of prediction to the mechanisms of psychologic compensation and internal picture of the disease. The data may be used in psychotherapy of neuroses. PMID- 3911688 TI - [Optimal conditions for culturing Staphylococcus aureus strain A-676 to obtain biologically active protein A]. AB - Peptone-yeast and casein-salt culture media have been shown to be equally effective when used for the cultivation of S. aureus strain A-676 with a view to obtaining protein A. The seed dose has been determined and the optimum conditions for growing the producer strain have been established. PMID- 3911690 TI - [Visual-form thinking of patients before and after stereotaxic surgery on the ventrolateral nucleus of the thalamus]. AB - An examination of patients with deformed muscular dystonia before and after stereotaxic surgery on the ventrolateral nucleus of the thalamus showed that prior to the surgery they had a certain difficulty in solving tasks involving mental manipulation with three-dimensional objects and constructive activity. It took them more time to accomplish these tasks and they made different mistakes as compared to normal. Changes in the object and image thinking differed, depending on the side of the destruction of the ventrolateral nucleus of the thalamus. Patients with right-side lesion were prone to overturn both a three-dimensional figure and a two-dimensional image, they showed greater changes in conducting tests on mental manipulation and constructive activity as against the patients who had left-side cryodestruction. It may be assumed that impairment of the complex forms of spatial functions manifested in mental manipulation with objects and in constructive activities is related to the work of the subcortical formations of the right hemisphere. PMID- 3911691 TI - [Antibodies to myelin cerebrosides and their role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune demyelinating diseases (review)]. PMID- 3911692 TI - [Surgical treatment of deformities of the extracranial division of the vertebral artery]. AB - Bends and twisting are encountered most frequently in the first segment of the vertebral artery (VA), annular and spiral torsions are rare findings. In insufficiency of circulation in the vertebrobasilar channel, operation is indicated in VA bends at an angle of no less than 90 degrees and twisting and torsion with the arc radius of 5 mm and less. Surgery includes removal of the fibrous strands, arteriolysis, desympathization, scalenotomy, and immobilization of the artery in a cuff of muscular or fat tissue. As the result of surgery the deformities may be corrected completely or changed to elongations with the arc radius measuring 10 mm and more. Operative interventions were performed for deformity of the first VA segment on 25 patients with good immediate and late results. PMID- 3911693 TI - [Computer tomography in the diagnosis of closed craniocerebral injuries (review of the literature)]. PMID- 3911694 TI - Release of acid proteolytic activity from lysosomes and degradation of protein in organs of rats intoxicated with ethanol and acetaldehyde. AB - Intoxication with ethanol and acetaldehyde resulted in a marked increase of the acid proteolytic activity in the post-lysosomal supernatant of rat kidney, lung, and liver, while the content of protein and acid-soluble tyrosine remained practically unchanged. Proteins of the post-lysosomal supernatant were degraded in vitro by the endogenous proteinase(s) of lysosomal origin at pH 3.5 and 5.5 but not at pH 7.0. PMID- 3911695 TI - [Clinical research in surgery]. PMID- 3911696 TI - Positive effects of prophylactic ventilator treatment on gas exchange and extravascular lung water in a porcine model of adult respiratory distress syndrome induced by endotoxaemia. AB - The influence of prophylactic ventilator treatment was evaluated in a porcine model of early adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) induced by endotoxaemia. Sixteen animals, controls, under continuous i.v. ketamine anaesthesia were either mechanically ventilated using intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV; n = 6) with air or breathed air spontaneously (n = 10). Twenty animals under continuous i.v. ketamine anaesthesia and spontaneously breathing air were infused i.v. with E. coli endotoxin (10 micrograms X kg-1 X h 1) over 6 h. Fifteen animals under continuous i.v. ketamine anaesthesia were given IPPV with air and were infused i.v. with E. coli endotoxin in the same dosage regimen. In the controls, cardiac output decreased slightly. Otherwise there were no changes in pulmonary gas exchange, pulmonary haemodynamics or extravascular lung water. In spontaneously breathing and IPPV animals given endotoxin there was a profound deterioration in pulmonary gas exchange, a marked rise in pulmonary vascular resistance and a moderate increase in extravascular lung water. Animals given IPPV showed a significantly less pronounced impairment in pulmonary gas exchange and a significantly smaller increase in extravascular lung water than in animals breathing spontaneously, whereas the changes in pulmonary haemodynamics were fairly similar in both groups. Animals with IPPV also had an improved survival rate. The beneficial effects of mechanical ventilation on pulmonary gas exchange are not due to changes in extravascular lung water, but are caused by its influence in counteracting terminal airway and alveolar closure. These results indicate that mechanical ventilation, when instituted early in the course of human ARDS induced by septicaemia, might be of potential value in the prevention of severe pulmonary failure and death. PMID- 3911697 TI - Beneficial effect of proteinase inhibitors on early breaking strength of intestinal anastomoses. AB - Rats were subjected to end-to-end anastomosis of the small intestine. The breaking strength was measured in different groups immediately after suture and after 24, 72 and 120 h. Tiopronin (Thiola), soya-bean trypsin inhibitor (STI), or saline solution, was given by continuous intravenous infusion during the test periods. In the saline groups there was a marked decrease in breaking strength at 24 and 72 h. Most of the strength was restored at 120 h. The metalloproteinase inhibitor tiopronin, which in a previous study had diminished the decrease in breaking strength at 24 h, was without effect at 72 h. Rats given STI, which is a group-specific serine proteinase inhibitor, had substantially higher values of breaking strength than saline-treated controls at 24 and 72 h. At 120 h no difference was found. Since the postoperative decrease in breaking strength could be attenuated by proteinase inhibitors, it seems to be due to proteinase activities. STI-treatment did not impair subsequent gain in mechanical strength during the fibroplasia period. PMID- 3911698 TI - Postoperative decrease in suture holding capacity in laparotomy wounds and anastomoses. AB - Rats were subjected to oesophageal, gastroduodenal, small intestinal or colonic anastomosis or to a median laparotomy only. Interrupted sutures were used throughout. The breaking strength with the sutures in place, i.e. the suture holding capacity, was measured in different groups immediately after suture and after 48 hours. During the first 48 hours there was significant decrease in breaking strength, by 37% in oesophagus, 64% in the gastroduodenostomy, 70% (measured at 24 hours) in the small intestine, 72% in colon and 47% in the laparotomy wound. A reduction of suture holding capacity seems to be a generally valid reaction following tissue trauma induced by surgery. PMID- 3911699 TI - The effect of cholecystokinin on postoperative bowel function. AB - Cholecystokinin (CCK) was used in a randomized double-blind trial to evaluate its effect on post-operative paralytic ileus. Sixty patients were admitted to the study. The return of postoperative intestinal motility was registered with subjective and/or objective methods. No differences were found between the CCK group and the placebo group. PMID- 3911700 TI - Double-blind evaluation of intravenous indomethacin and oxycone-papaverine in the treatment of acute biliary pain. AB - In a prospective double-blind study, 51 patients with acute biliary pain were treated with intravenously administered indomethacin 50 mg (Confortid) or oxycone papaverine 5+50 mg. The intensity of pain was evaluated before and 20 min after each injection according to an analog visual scale. Both drugs gave comparable and significant pain relief. A second injection was required by 7 of the 23 patients initially given indomethacin and by 12 of the 28 after oxycone papaverine. The second injection, which was given with a cross-over procedure, contributed to additional pain relief. Side effects were transient in both groups, with a tendency to be milder in the indomethacin group. From the etiologic viewpoint, use of a prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor is appropriate, and the results indicate that indomethacin can be recommended as the drug of choice in patients with acute biliary pain. PMID- 3911701 TI - Comparison of ultrasonography and computed tomography in preoperative location of parathyroid adenomas. AB - The value of high-resolution real-time ultrasonography in locating parathyroid adenomas was compared with that of computed tomography (CT). In 21 patients with a single parathyroid adenoma verified at neck exploration, preoperative ultrasonography and CT detected the adenoma in 15 and 11 cases, respectively. Ultrasound gave false-positive results in four patients and false-negative in two, whereas CT was false-positive in four patients and false-negative in six. Most false-positive reports were due to misinterpretation of small thyroid nodules. For acceptable accuracy both methods require an experienced radiologist. Technical and interpretive problems seem to be somewhat less frequent with ultrasonography than with CT. Ultrasonography has therefore become the method of choice for preoperative location of enlarged parathyroid glands at our hospital, and CT is used as a complementary procedure, e.g. when a mediastinal adenoma is suspected. PMID- 3911702 TI - Posttraumatic respiratory distress syndrome and high-dose corticosteroids. AB - Many authors have advocated glucocorticoids for prophylaxis against or treatment of Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) or post-traumatic pulmonary microembolism. One of the theories underlying this advocacy is that the activation of the complement system possibly is preventable by pharmacologic doses of corticosteroids. Studies on traumatized patients are difficult to standardize, and clinical observations are correspondingly difficult to evaluate. Animal models for study of the microembolism syndrome have often comprised too short a time and most have greatly differed from the clinical situation. We have earlier evolved an experimental model by means of which changes identical to the microembolism syndrome can be induced from a reproducible musculo-skeletal trauma in pigs observed under long-term anesthesia under standardized conditions. In this study, early and long-term effects of corticosteroids on the course of post traumatic microembolism was evaluated by following the pulmonary function and X ray appearance, pulmonary trapping of platelets and fibrin and histologic changes in pigs, using this standardized trauma model. Methylprednisolone sodium succinate (30 mg/kg bw) was given to 9 pigs one hour after trauma and thereafter every 8th hour during a 72 hour observation period. Two other groups of animals were used for comparison, 13 traumatized, non-treated and 15 non-traumatized, non treated pigs. Intrapulmonary microembolism was measured quantitatively by repeated external detection of labelled platelets (51Cr) and fibrinogen (125I), sequential chest X-rays and morphologic examination of the lungs post mortem.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3911703 TI - High doses of corticosteroids in the treatment of septic shock. AB - High doses of corticosteroids are reported to be beneficial in the treatment of septic shock in many animal species, e.g. dog, rat and rabbit. Recent findings in baboons subjected to E. coli shock indicate that early treatment with a combination of antibiotics and steroids strongly enhance survival rate. In clinical studies the protective effects of steroids are more ambiguous, however. In part this may be explained by variations in the amount of steroids used or by the fact that in some studies the steroid is administered late in shock. The dose recommended, 30 mg/kg bw of methylprednisolone or an equivalent amount of another glucocorticoid given once or twice, is based on animal as well as clinical documentation. PMID- 3911704 TI - High-dose corticosteroids in the critically ill patient. Current concept and future developments. AB - There are no generally accepted findings to support the use of corticosteroid in cardiogenic, hemorrhagic or septic shock in the human. Furthermore, there are concerns about the safety, appropriateness and practicality of the use of corticosteroids in severe sepsis/septic shock. There is, however, abundant evidence from animal studies that large doses of corticosteroid combined with antibiotic are extremely effective in preventing or reversing the pathophysiological and lethal manifestations of E. coli-induced shock. It is important to determine if this particular therapy has human application. Results from previous clinical studies evaluating the effectiveness of corticosteroid in severe sepsis/septic shock are in marked conflict. There is now an urgent need for carefully designed clinical studies to determine if there are human subgroup populations with severe sepsis who respond similarly to the animal who can be successfully treated with high dose corticosteroid combined with conventional therapy. PMID- 3911705 TI - Cerebral effects of HDC. AB - HDC is commonly used in conditions with a raised intracranial pressure. An effect on cerebral edema was first described in patients with brain tumors, where the intracranial pressure can be lowered following administration of HDC. However, the use of HDC in cerebral edema of other origin is not equally well supported. Apart from effects on brain circulation secondary to the effects of HDC on brain edema, direct effects of HDC on cerebral blood flow and oxygen uptake have been studied mainly in experimental endotoxic shock. Endotoxin given intravenously leads to reduction in the cerebral blood flow and increase in the oxygen uptake. The increased oxygen uptake could be due to circulating catecholamines or other substances affecting the cerebral metabolism following their passage of a damaged blood-brain barrier. Pretreatment with HDC prevents the effects of endotoxin on cerebral blood flow and oxygen uptake. When HDC was given after an intravenous endotoxin injection blood flow was unaffected but the increased cerebral oxygen uptake was reduced transiently. This might hypothetically be explained by either a direct effect on the permeability of the blood-brain barrier or indirectly via a decrease of metabolically active circulatory substances. PMID- 3911706 TI - Metabolic effects of high dose corticosteroids. AB - The improved survival following high-dose corticosteroid (HDC) treatment of septic shock conditions has been suggested to be partly due to the metabolic effects of HDC. Endotoxins are known to deplete glycogen stores, hexose phosphates and phosphoenol-pyruvate. Elevated levels of fructose diphosphate and phosphoglycerates are seen and there is an accumulation of lactate. Endotoxemia also seems to inhibit the utilization of non-carbohydrate precursors for glucose production and hypoglycemia is characteristically seen with time in septic states. In severe shock mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and ion transport capacity are defective and tissue energy store will be depleted. The underlying metabolic pathology in shock states is still not known in detail but endotoxins seem to have direct antiglucocorticoid effects. HDC counteracts the acceleration of glycolysis by the Embden- Meyerhof pathway seen in septic states and prevents the endotoxin-mediated stimulation of enzymes in the hexose monophosphate shunt. The levels of Krebs cycle intermediates and pyruvate in the liver are raised after treatment indicating enhanced gluconeogenesis. The conversion of lactate to glucose is increased and the lactate/pyruvate ratio decreased. Protein catabolism is stimulated by HDC elevating the plasma levels of amino acids and thereby further enhancing the potential for gluconeogenesis. The endotoxin-induced mitochondrial dysfunction is reversed and cellular energy production is improved. The beneficial metabolic effects of HDC may to some extent be indirect. A depressed febrile response will decrease tissue oxygen needs. The vasodilatory effects will improve tissue oxygen availability and thereby reduce tissue hypoxia. Stabilization of cellular membranes may also prevent systemic metabolic effects caused by lysosomal enzymes released from damaged cells. PMID- 3911707 TI - High dose corticosteroids and cell-cell interactions. AB - Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is a feared complication of trauma or sepsis, characterized by an interstitial and alveolar edema due to increased pulmonary microvascular permeability. In ARDS polymorphonuclear granulocytes (PMN) aggregate and accumulate in the pulmonary microvessels and activation of the complement system, especially C5a, is suggested to be of importance supporting this aggregation. Such complement activated PMN can increase vascular permeability, probably by initiating endothelial cell (EC) damage. Addition of PMN and C5a to cultured EC monolayers in vitro produced both morphological and functional EC damage. A similar EC damage could be reproduced in the absence of white cells by exposing EC monolayers to oxygen free radicals induced by xanthine and xanthine oxidase or hydrogen peroxide. High dose corticosteroid (HDC) administration has been advocated in shock and ARDS and it has been experimentally demonstrated that methylprednisolone or hydrocortisone at a concentration corresponding approximately to a dose of 30 mg/kg i.v. inhibited both PMN aggregation and adhesion to the endothelium. On the other hand, no effect of HDC on PMN thromboxane synthesis or cell membrane morphology alterations was found. It has been suggested that HDC increases PMN hydrophobicity and thus reduces the tendency of the white cells to adhere to the endothelium of the microvasculature. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that HDC can inhibit PMN production of oxygen free radicals. Platelets seem to play a role in ARDS. Serotonin released from platelets increased the cytotoxic effect of PMN on EC more than 100% in vitro, and activated PMN seemed to recruit platelets and release vasoactive substances. On the other hand, platelet serotonin enhanced the adhesion of complement stimulated PMN to EC, thus creating a vicious circle. To conclude, complement activated PMN aggregate and adhere to the pulmonary microvascular EC which are injured by e.g. PMN-generated oxygen free radicals. Platelet aggregation and release of serotonin augments this injury and activated PMN probably stimulate platelet aggregation and release. Agents capable of diminishing PMN activation and aggregation, e.g. HDC, might be of value in attenuating these cell-cell interactions in ARDS. PMID- 3911708 TI - Modulation of the proteolytic cascade systems by high dose corticosteroids. AB - The effects of high-dose corticosteroids (HDC) on activities within the proteolytic cascade systems were studied in vitro and in vivo using chromogenic peptide substrate assays. In in vitro experiments 20 mg methylprednisolone sodium succinate (Solu-Medrol) per ml plasma significantly inhibited activation of plasma prekallikrein, prothrombin and plasminogen and reduced functional plasma kallikrein inhibition, antithrombin and antiplasmin activities. The effects of HDC on activities within these proteolytic cascade systems were further evaluated in experimental acute pancreatitis in pigs. Acute pancreatitis was induced by injection of Na-taurocholate into the pancreatic duct. Seven test animals received methylprednisolone sodium succinate 30 mg per kg intravenously for 30 minutes before the induction of pancreatitis as pretreatment. Eight animals remained untreated. Trypsin (TRY), plasma prekallikrein (PKK), plasma kallikrein (KK) and functional plasma kallikrein inhibition capacity (KKI) were studied in the peritoneal exudate. Cardiac output (CO) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were monitored regularly before and during a 6 hour observation period. During untreated pancreatitis a reduction of PKK levels of about 40% were found, paralleled by an increased KK activity and a reduction of KKI capacity. Several of the animals experienced high TRY activities. The mortality rate was 63% (5 out of 8 animals). In the pretreated groups, all animals survived the observation period. CO and MAP were significantly less reduced than the untreated group at 6 hours. HDC was also found to reduce significantly plasma kallikrein activities in the peritoneal exudate compared with untreated animals. No changes in TRY activities were found in pretreated animals. Furthermore, plasma prekallikrein and functional plasma kallikrein inhibition values in the exudate were elevated significantly in HDC treated animals compared with untreated animals. PMID- 3911709 TI - Effects of high-dose corticosteroids on the pulmonary circulation. AB - A major controversy in the treatment of the Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is the role of steroids, which may attenuate permeability as well as pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR). Empirically methylprednisolone (MP) in high doses (30 mg/kg) has been "the steroid of choice" in clinical practice. By autoradiography MP has been shown to penetrate more easily into lung tissue than other steroids tested. MP prevented the late phase increase in lung vascular permeability to endotoxin in sheep, whereas the inhibition of the pulmonary hypertensive response was far less pronounced. In human septic ARDS MP reduced both PVR and the increased vascular permeability. However, a few patients characterized by more severe ARDS did not respond to MP. There is some evidence that steroids may modulate both pre- and postcapillary vasomotion in the lungs. MP was found to inhibit pulmonary venoconstriction as well as pulmonary erythrocyte sludging in canine hemorrhagic shock. Oleic acid induced edema also appears to be attenuated by MP. This effect is partly due to a lowering of hydrostatic pressure in the lung capillaries, because MP blocks the downstream resistance increase. Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction has predominantly a precapillary localisation. MP inhibits hypoxic vasoconstriction in a dose dependent fashion in isolated rat lungs, but does not cause a general dampening of vascular reactivity, as the pulmonary constrictor response to angiotensin II is unchanged. However, MP inhibits histamine-induced vasoconstriction in isolated canine lung lobes. The increased vascular resistance in atelectatic lungs is also inhibited by MP. Corticosteroids may alter the reaction of the pulmonary vasculature to various stimuli or agents by influencing the release of mediators, for instance, the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase products of arachidonic acid, modulate the action of mediators, reducing the activation of leukocytes and/or platelets, or changing the state of the pulmonary vascular muscle cells. Which mechanisms are active in the various situations are at present objects of pure speculation. However, in most situations with ARDS a reduction in pulmonary arterial pressure and PVR may be regarded as beneficial. PMID- 3911710 TI - High-dose methylprednisolone in a porcine model of ARDS induced by endotoxemia. AB - Using a continuous i.v. infusion of E. coli endotoxin in spontaneously breathing pigs under ketamine anesthesia we have developed a lung injury model which closely mimics the pathophysiological and morphological changes of early ARDS induced by sepsis in man. Pretreatment with high doses of methylprednisolone largely prevented the pulmonary, cardiovascular and morphological features induced by the endotoxin. Methylprednisolone treatment initiated 2 h after starting the endotoxin abolished further derangements in pulmonary and cardiovascular functions and there was a restoration towards normal values. Both pretreatment and delayed treatment with methylprednisolone improved survival. Although one should be extremely cautious in extrapolating these data to the more complex clinical situation, the implications are that high doses of methylprednisolone, given early in the course of sepsis in man, may help to prevent both the pulmonary and cardiovascular derangements of this disease. PMID- 3911711 TI - Principles of treatment of bacterial meningitis. PMID- 3911712 TI - Treatment of human hyperprolactinaemia with a new dopamine agonist: CU 32085 (mesulergin). AB - CU 38085 (mesulergin) was given at doses ranging from 0.5 to 5 mg/day to 37 patients with pathological hyperprolactinaemia of varying aetiology. The effectiveness of this drug on the suppression of hyperprolactinaemia and on the recovery of gonadal functions was equivalent to that of bromocriptine previously given to a different group of 83 hyperprolactinaemic patients. Tumour shrinkage during treatment with CU 32085 was ascertained in two cases of macroprolactinoma. Histological examination after adenomectomy revealed extensive peri-vascular fibrosis in both cases. In most patients, the efficient doses of CU 32085 were 5 fold lower than those of bromocriptine. After acute oral administration in 10 previously untreated patients, 0.5 mg of CU 32085 had a more prolonged suppressive effect on Prl levels than 2.5 mg of bromocriptine (approximately 18 vs 12 h). According to this, 0.5 mg CU 32085 once a day was sufficient to maintain Prl levels within the normal range in 16 patients. Side-effects were similar in nature and frequency to those induced by bromocriptine and seemed to be dose-dependent. They can be avoided by slowly increases of dose at initiation of treatment. PMID- 3911714 TI - Treatment of severe Graves' ophthalmopathy with cyclosporin A. AB - Ten patients with severe Graves' ophthalmopathy, resistant to other therapeutic regimens were treated with cyclosporin A (CyA) over a period of 6 months. Clinically, 9 patients improved, 2 of them only after addition of corticosteroids. Intra-ocular tension on upward gaze decreased in all of these 9 patients (P less than 0.01). In 6 patients there was a significant decrease in eye muscle thickness under the treatment (P less than 0.05) as determined by computerized tomography. Side effects (e.g., paraesthesia, proteinuria) which were observed under higher doses of CyA, disappeared after lowering the dose. In only one out of 3 patients with hypertension an antihypertensive medication became necessary. CyA appears to be a valuable drug for treatment of severe Graves' ophthalmopathy when previous therapeutic regimens turned out to be unsuccessful. PMID- 3911713 TI - Pulsatile GnRH therapy--an alternative successful therapy for induction of ovulation in infertile normo- and hyperprolactinaemic amenorrhoeic women with pituitary tumours. AB - Pulsatile treatment with gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) was given to induce ovulation in 3 infertile, amenorrhoeic women with pituitary tumours not suitable for conventional therapy with human gonadotrophins or dopamine agonists. Two of the women had prolactinomas and the third a non-secreting adenoma. The GnRH therapy resulted in ovulations in all the 3 women, in 2 of them despite marked hyperprolactinaemia. Two women conceived and had term pregnancies. One pregnancy was uneventful while the woman with the non-secreting tumour developed symptoms of raised intracranial pressure. These symptoms rapidly disappeared when bromocriptine therapy was instituted. Chronic pulsatile GnRH administration is an effective alternative treatment for induction of ovulation in some amenorrhoeic women with pituitary tumours. PMID- 3911715 TI - Insulin-like growth factors (IGF) 1 and 2 in human foetal plasma and relationship to gestational age and foetal size during midpregnancy. AB - IGF-1 and IGF-2 were measured by specific radioimmunoassay after acid-ethanol extraction of plasma obtained by foetoscopy from 20 normal foetuses aged 15-23 weeks. IGF-1 and IGF-2 levels were 36 +/- 11 and 162 +/- 55 ng/ml, respectively. In comparison, levels in cord blood were 84 +/- 58 and 264 +/- 176 ng/ml, respectively, and in adult plasma were 410 +/- 106 and 818 +/- 272 ng/ml. Both IGF-1 and IGF-2 were in the normal foetal range in a further three foetuses with anencephaly and two foetuses with spina bifida. No sex difference was observed. IGF-1 was positively correlated with foetal body weight (P less than 0.001), placenta weight (P less than 0.02) and with body length measured crown-rump (P less than 0.01) or crown-heel (P less than 0.02). No correlation between IGF-2 and body weight, length, placenta weight or gestational age was found. Both IGF-1 and IGF-2 are present in the human foetal circulation earlier in gestation than has previously been demonstrated, the levels being low throughout this period of gestation in comparison with adult plasma. PMID- 3911716 TI - [Digestive Kaposi's sarcoma in patients with kidney transplantation--report of 2 cases]. AB - Malignant tumors occur with greater frequency in patients with kidney transplants. Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), a rare vascular neoformation, represents approximately 3% of them. Its uncertain etiology appears to respond to: a chronic antigen stimulation by the transplanted tissue, to a depression of immune responsiveness, to the direct oncogenic action of the immunosuppressive agents, to the activation of oncogenic viruses or to a genetic predisposition of other possible factors. The clinical evolution is presented in two immunosuppressed kidney transplant patients with this pathology in the digestive tract. One had remission of the lesion following the suspension of the immunosuppressive agent. The relationship of this tumor with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome which occurred primarily (75%) in homosexuals shows a mortality rate of 30% due to KS. The first case showed signs of digestive hemorrhage and the typical nodule of KS was found in the esophagus on endoscopy. She also suffered a severe mixed infection due to Streptococcus faecalis and Cryptococcus neoformans with neurological complications and a new endoscopy 4 months after suspension of azathioprine showed the disappearance of the esophageal as well as the skin lesions. In the second patient, the suspicion of the digestive tract involvement could only be proved at autopsy. We insist on the importance of immunosuppression as a predisposing factor for the appearance of KS and infections in transplanted patients. It should also be remembered in cases with mucocutaneous lesions, that any digestive hemorrhage must primarily be attributed to KS and that the suspension of the immunosuppressive therapy constitutes the most effective treatment for the tumor. PMID- 3911717 TI - Effects of VP-16 on cell growth and metabolism of nucleic acids in mouse leukemia L-1210 cells and on the activity of DNA polymerase I of E. coli. PMID- 3911718 TI - Prompt reconstitution of natural killer cells after bone marrow transplantation. PMID- 3911719 TI - [Hemofiltration and the neurohumoral system in patients with severe heart failure]. AB - 6 fluid overloaded patients with congestive heart failure, NYHA classification IV, resistant to drug therapy, were treated by pump driven venovenous hemofiltration. The sympathetic nervous system measured by plasma norepinephrine concentration was stimulated in all patients. 4 of 6 patients had a markedly enhanced plasma renin activity. Between 7 and 20 l of fluid were removed by hemofiltration. The expected increase of plasma norepinephrine did not occur in 4 out of 6 patients. The improvement of cardiac pump function by hemofiltration could be an explanation for this apparent paradoxical regulation. Patients who had almost a normal plasma renin activity prior to hemofiltration showed a marked increase after the procedure. In patients with extremely high levels of plasma renin activity we noted a decrease after hemofiltration. Almost in every patient with a serum sodium concentration lower or equal 132 mmol/l the plasma renin activity was markedly elevated. Patients with normal serum sodium concentrations exhibited only slightly elevated plasma renin activity. Therefore, a hyponatremia in patients with heart failure can be used as a marker for high plasma renin activity. All patients had a significant improvement of the clinical state after hemofiltration. 3 patients, however, showed deterioration within a few weeks, due to the severity of the disease. Their plasma norepinephrine levels remained high or had a tendency to increase. PMID- 3911720 TI - [Continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration in interstitial pulmonary edema]. AB - In a retrospective study 40 ICU patients, all underwent Continuous Arteriovenous Hemofiltration (CAVH) for acute pulmonary, acute renal insufficiency or both, were evaluated for lung function parameters and fluid balance. It could be shown that a group of patients suffering from pulmonary insufficiency and with a history of major trauma or obstetric complications mainly benefits from fluid control by means of CAVH, while diuretics were unable to perform the desired action. PMID- 3911721 TI - An immunohistochemical study of serotoninergic nerves in the colon and rectum of children with Hirschsprung's disease. AB - Serotonin (5-HT)-like immunoreactive nerve fibers were investigated in gut tissue obtained from seven Japanese children with Hirschsprung's disease. In the control untreated tissues, 5-HT-like immunoreactive fibers were observed neither in the normoganglionic nor in the aganglionic regions. After pargyline treatment, 5-HT positive neuropils were consistently detected in association with the myenteric plexus in the normoganglionic segment, while in the aganglionic segment immunoreactive fibers could not be demonstrated through the entire layer of the bowel tissue. The occurrence of 5-HT-like immunoreactive neuropils by pargyline treatment strongly suggests that the infant bowel is innervated with serotoninergic elements. After treatment with 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan (5-HTP), the immunoreactive neuropils were localized in the myenteric and submucous plexuses of the normoganglionic segment. On the other hand, another type of 5-HT-positive fibers was characteristically demonstrated in aganglionic segments following the drug treatment; moderate numbers of 5-HT-like immunoreactive fibers appeared in the intermuscular zone and within the circular and longitudinal muscle layers. Several 5-HT-positive fibers were present in the hypertrophic nerve bundles seen in a diseased bowel. A possible origin of this type of 5-HT-positive nerve fibers was discussed. PMID- 3911722 TI - Hip replacement for congenital dislocation and dysplasia. AB - Seventeen patients with arthrosis secondary to congenital dislocation or dysplasia of the hip were treated by total hip replacement. Nine hips were completely dislocated, while 12 were dysplastic and subluxated. The operation was performed as a modification of Charnley's standard technique, the acetabular prosthesis was always placed in the neoacetabulum, and no particular attempt was made to correct the shortening of the leg. In eight patients bone grafting to the upper lateral acetabular edge was done. Only a few complications occurred and no postoperative dislocations. On average 4 years after the operation, the clinical and radiographic results were satisfactory. The operation used here is less difficult than placing the cup in the original acetabulum. PMID- 3911723 TI - Effects of vitamin D. A comparison of 1 alpha OHD2 and 1 alpha OHD3 in rats. AB - The effect of 1 alpha OHD2 and 1 alpha OHD3 have been studied in rachitic, normal, and prednisolone-treated male rats. The healing of rickets, the stimulation of intestinal Ca and P transport, the effect on bone mineral, and the induction of renal calcifications have been examined. The two 1-hydroxylated compounds are equally potent in healing rickets, and by comparison with previous data are equivalent to 100-200 IU/micrograms. 1 alpha OHD2 and 1 alpha OHD3 stimulated intestinal Ca and P transport to the same extent and were antagonistic to prednisolone in this respect. 1 alpha OHD2 reduced the number of osteoclasts and increased bone mineral in normal rats in contrast to 1 alpha OHD3, which increased osteoclasts and slightly reduced bone mineral. Prednisolone-induced osteopenia was more effectively counteracted by 1 alpha OHD2 than by 1 alpha OHD3. Mortality rate was higher in rats intoxicated with 1 alpha OHD3 than for rats given 1 alpha OHD2. LD50 was estimated to be five to fifteen times higher for 1 alpha OHD2. Renal calcification were more pronounced after dosing with 1 alpha OHD3 than after treatment with 1 alpha OHD2. When prednisolone was given together with 1 alpha OHD2 or 1 alpha OHD3, renal calcifications were further increased. These observations demonstrate physiological dissimilarities between vitamin D2 and vitamin D3 in rats which are in accordance with a different metabolism of the two vitamins. The findings, in particular that 1 alpha OHD2 is less toxic than 1 alpha OHD3, are of potential clinical importance. PMID- 3911724 TI - A national survey of severe group B streptococcal infections in neonates and young infants in Denmark, 1978-83. AB - During a six-year period, 1978-83, 80 cases of culture proven group B streptococcal (GBS) bacteraemia and meningitis were identified in neonates and young infants up to 12 weeks of age in a national retrospective survey. Two thirds (68%) were early onset disease (EOD) while one third was late onset disease (LOD) occurring later than the seventh day of life. The overall incidence for the period was 0.24 per 1,000 live-born with a trend towards decline through the period. EOD was associated with low birthweight, twin delivery and congenital anomalies as well as with obstetric risk factors like premature or prolonged rupture of membranes and intrapartum fever. The overall case fatality rate was 23%, both in EOD and LOD. Seven (11%) of the surviving infants, six of whom had had meningitis, developed neurological sequelae. Newborns that showed signs of infection with 12 hours of delivery were at a significantly higher risk of running a fulminant course than newborns whose infections developed later (p = 0.02). Nosocomial transmission of GBS seemed limited and most hospital-acquired cases were unconnected. PMID- 3911725 TI - Reduced serum proteins in diabetic children on a twice-daily insulin schedule. AB - The concentrations of selected proteins of transport and nutrition were investigated in 27 diabetic children and 13 healthy controls by an immunodiffusion technique. The diabetic children had significantly lower mean pre albumin (p less than 0.001), albumin (p less than 0.01) and orosomucoid levels (p less than 0.05) than the healthy controls. No correlation was observed between age or sex and the blood concentrations of the specific proteins analyzed in this series. Haptoglobin and hemopexin showed positive correlations with serum triglycerides (both p less than 0.01) and slight positive correlations with some of the variables of carbohydrate control. The reduced levels of prealbumin and albumin were not correlated to diabetic control as measured by HbA1, fasting plasma glucose or urinary glucose excretion. The non-physiological distribution site and the abnormal temporal pattern of insulin offered to diabetic children might be the reason for the protein abnormalities found in this study. This is seemingly the first time reduced serum levels of proteins have been reported in diabetic children. PMID- 3911726 TI - Atherosclerosis precursors in Finnish children and adolescents. VII. Serum immunoreactive insulin. AB - In the Finnish Multicentre Study of the risk factors of coronary heart disease serum immunoreactive insulin (IRI) was measured in 3,486 children and adolescents aged 3-18 years. Serum IRI increased with age till the age of 15 years in both sexes. The increase in serum IRI levelled off with the progression of pubertal development. Serum IRI levels were higher in girls than in boys from the age of 6 years onwards. Comparison of serum IRI gave identical results from eastern and western parts of the country. Serum IRI correlated positively with skinfold thickness, weight, relative weight and body mass index in all age groups except the 3-year-old children. PMID- 3911727 TI - Atherosclerosis precursors in Finnish children and adolescents. IX. Socioeconomic status and risk factors of coronary heart disease. AB - Relationships between parental socioeconomic status and CHD risk factors were examined in the Finnish Multicentre Study on Atherosclerosis Precursors comprising a material of 3,596 study subjects aged 3-18 years in five university cities and 12 rural communes. The work is based on the hypothesis that socioeconomic status has associations with important lifestyle factors related to the evolution of CHD risk factors. Although there is some indication that parental status variables correlate with CHD risk factors, the majority of the data point to the conclusion that socioeconomic status indicators have little relevance for children's CHD risk factor levels. The main exceptions to the above stated were the lower P/S ratio of the diet in farmers' children compared to the other socioeconomic groups in all age cohorts, and the higher serum total and LDL cholesterol levels in the farmers' children as compared to the others in some age cohorts. The explanation to these findings is the dietary practice in farmers' households, full milk and butter being favoured instead of other milk types and vegetable margarine, respectively. Our findings illustrate the importance of the families' dietary habits with regard to certain CHD risk factors. PMID- 3911728 TI - Functional morphology of the adrenocortical glomerular zone by incomplete ligation of bilateral ureters of rats. An experimental model for secondary aldosteronism. AB - We studied the adrenal cortex, particularly the glomerular zone of an experimental model for secondary aldosteronism produced in rats by incomplete ligation of both ureters. The experimental animals developed characteristic manifestations of the disease such as ascites and high serum potassium, PRA, and aldosterone content in the adrenal tissue. Microscopically, the width of the glomerular zone was markedly increased and this was related to hypertrophy of the cells of the glomerular zone. Lipid droplets in these cells were decreased. The enzymic activity of 3 beta-HSD showed a moderate increase in the transitional zone and a slight increase in the glomerular zone. Ultrastructurally, well developed mitochondria and SER were seen in swollen cytoplasm and numerous microvillous projections were noted in the plasma membrane. These results suggest that the adrenal cortical cells in the glomerular zone are stimulated by high concentrations of serum potassium and renin-angiotensin. PMID- 3911729 TI - Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. An autopsy case of the panencephalopathic type and a review of the literature. AB - This is a case report of a purported panencephalopathic type of Creutzfeldt-Jakob (C-J) disease in a 61-year-old Japanese farmer. He died nine months after the onset of clinical symptoms. This variety of C-J disease was named and reported in 1981 by Mizutani. The characteristic feature is extensive degeneration of cerebral white matter not related to cortical damage in addition to the spongiform changes in the cortical gray matter. The case was diagnosed clinically and at post mortem marked neural loss, astrocytic macrogliosis, and degeneration of subcortical white matter were found. Senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles were virtually absent. Degeneration of the white matter is uncommon in C J disease, and when it occurs is usually mild, and limited in distribution. PMID- 3911730 TI - Xeno- and auto-perfusion of rabbit kidney. Machine perfusion with blood at 37 degrees C. AB - Five rabbit kidneys were perfused with human blood and another five with their own blood in a re-circulating oxygenated system at 37 degrees C. The flow decreased to 2 ml/min. within 30 min. in all xenoperfusions, while none of the autoperfused had decreased to this level by 60 min. Endothelial damage, exudation, and IgG deposits along the basement membrane of the glomerular capillaries were the discriminative features of the xenoperfusion. In these experiments, we were unable to demonstrate any major role of platelets in the process leading to decreased blood flow. PMID- 3911731 TI - Disseminated histiocytosis X. A clinical and immunohistochemical retrospective study. AB - Fourteen cases of disseminated histiocytosis x (HX) from a 15 year period were studied clinicopathologically. Morbidity and mortality were comparable to that of previous reports on disseminated HX. S-100 protein, recently established as a HX marker, was demonstrated immunohistochemically in the cytoplasm and the nuclei of the HX cells of 12 examined cases. Neuron specific enolase (NSE) positive material was found in a minority of the cells of 2 cases. Cytoplasmic lysozyme was present in the mononuclear cells accompanying the HX cells in all examined cases. These results show that immunohistochemical demonstration of S-100 protein and lysozyme can be successfully applied to formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded tissue after storage at room temperature for as long as 15 years. The presence of cytoplasmic NSE positivity in the lesions from 2 patients was surprising and has not previously been observed in HX. This finding suggests an antigenic heterogenicity between cases with the disease of unknown prognostic significance. Nor did the presence of lysozyme in the lesions from patients with acute as well as chronic disease yield any prognostic information. PMID- 3911733 TI - Erik Jacobsen 1903-1985. PMID- 3911732 TI - Immunohistochemical demonstration of S-100 protein antigen-containing cells in chronic cutaneous leishmaniasis. AB - The presence and distribution of S-100 protein antigen and lysozyme were investigated by the immunoperoxidase method in paraffin sections of 13 cases of chronic cutaneous leishmaniasis from Saudi Arabia. Varying numbers of S-100+lys- histiocytic reticulum cells were found in the dense inflammatory infiltrate in 11 out of 13 cases. These cells were considerably more numerous in the lesions dominated by cells of the mononuclear phagocytic system and granulomata than in the cases with plasma cellular or lymphocytic predominance. Activated lys+ macrophages, epithelioid cells, and multinucleated giant cells were always S-100 . Around the granulomata several S-100+lys- histiocytic reticulum cells could be found. These findings suggest that antigen-presenting cells are present in the inflammatory infiltrate of cutaneous leishmaniasis. PMID- 3911734 TI - Kinetic models for plasma disappearance of insulin in normal subjects. AB - Three theoretical kinetic models for plasma disappearance of insulin were examined in six normal men. The models allowed for the existence of non-saturable and/or saturable mechanisms. Constant infusion of porcine insulin at different rates was used to achieve different levels of steady state plasma insulin concentrations, while normoglycaemia was secured by a glucose clamp technique. Appropriate validation procedures demonstrated that one of the three models was superior to the others in describing the relationship between the exogenous insulin infusion rate Iex and the steady state plasma insulin concentration C: Iex = -Iend + k2 X C/(k3 + C), where Iend is the endogenous post-hepatic insulin delivery rate. Thus, only saturable mechanism(s) could be demonstrated. The median value of k2 (the maximal insulin disappearance rate) and k3 (the plasma insulin concentration at which the insulin disappearance rate is half maximal) were 7.31 nmol X min.-1 and 3.89 nmol X 1-1. The median value of k2/k3 (the clearance rate of insulin for infinitesimal plasma insulin concentrations) was 25.0 ml X kg-1 X min.-1. Thus, at physiological levels of plasma insulin concentrations the metabolic clearance rate of insulin is higher than insulin clearance estimates previously reported in studies based on the assumption of first order kinetics. PMID- 3911735 TI - Hydrochlorothiazide and potassium chloride in comparison with hydrochlorothiazide and amiloride in the treatment of mild hypertension. AB - A randomized, double-blind, cross-over study comparing 50 mg hydrochlorothiazide plus 5 mg amiloride (HCTZ/A) with 50 mg hydrochlorothiazide plus 26 mmol potassium chloride (HCTZ/K) was conducted in 18 patients with mild essential hypertension (diastolic pressure 90-105 mmHg). The sequence of treatment was: placebo for 2 weeks, one active drug for 3 weeks, placebo for 2 weeks, the other active drug for 3 weeks. The two agents were significantly and equally efficacious in lowering the systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Baseline vs. treatment mean serum potassium levels were 3.82 vs. 3.78 mmol/l for HCTZ/A and 3.82 vs. 3.70 mmol/l for HCTZ/K. The decrease in serum potassium level from baseline was significant for both agents but not significantly different when the two treatment forms were compared. Both treatment forms elevated fasting serum cholesterol and glucose. Serum triglycerides and uric acid rose significantly with HCTZ/K. Amiloride may affect the tubular handling of uric acid causing increased uric acid excretion, thus counteracting thiazide-induced hyperuricemia. During 3 weeks' extension of the main study, 5 patients received HCTZ/A in double the original dose (100 mg/10 mg) and 6 patients received HCTZ/K in double the original dose (100 mg/52 mmol). No further blood pressure reduction was observed on treatment with these doses. The mean serum potassium levels did not decrease further on doubling the HCTZ/A dose, while a significant fall was observed for HCTZ/K (3.60 vs. 3.42 mmol/l) (p less than 0.05, single tailed t-test). Both drug combinations were well tolerated and side-effects were not significantly different from those during placebo administration. This study demonstrates that 50 mg hydrochlorothiazide plus 26 mmol potassium chloride are as effective as 50 mg hydrochlorothiazide plus 5 mg amiloride, both in reducing blood pressure and preventing hypokalaemia in the treatment of essential hypertension. A small extension study indicates that amiloride might be more effective than potassium chloride in preventing hypokalaemia when high doses (100 mg/day) of hydrochlorothiazide are administered. PMID- 3911736 TI - Serum concentration of cystatin C, factor D and beta 2-microglobulin as a measure of glomerular filtration rate. AB - Serum concentrations of creatinine and of the three low molecular weight (LMW) proteins cystatin C, factor D of the complement system and beta 2-microglobulin were measured in 135 consecutive patients, whose glomerular filtration rates (GFR) were determined by Cr-EDTA. In the total patient series, the reciprocals of S-creatinine and S-cystatin C were numerically and, in males, significantly more closely correlated to GFR than the reciprocals of S-factor D. The reciprocals of beta 2-microglobulin showed a weaker correlation to GFR than those of the other three substances. The calculated glomerular elimination rates of creatinine, cystatin C and factor D were normally distributed, in contrast to those of beta 2 microglobulin. According to data presented so far, cystatin C seems to be the LMW protein of first choice when GFR is to be estimated by measuring the plasma concentration of a LMW protein. PMID- 3911737 TI - Insulin infusion normalizes cardiovascular responses and plasma noradrenaline after oral glucose in type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes. AB - We examined whether the abnormal regulation of the cardiovascular system and plasma noradrenaline observed after oral glucose in insulin-dependent diabetic patients could be normalized by intravenous infusion of insulin. Eight patients with type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes were examined after an oral glucose load with and without simultaneous infusion of insulin. Insulin infusion increased plasma insulin from 0.07 to 0.31 nmol/l. In the control experiment (glucose only), mean heart rate and mean arterial systolic blood pressure remained unchanged and plasma noradrenaline (NA) decreased (p less than 0.05). After oral glucose plus intravenous insulin, mean heart rate increased by 11% and mean systolic blood pressure by 5% (p less than 0.05, p less than 0.01), whereas plasma NA did not change significantly. The present study indicates that physiologic increments in plasma insulin concentration are of importance in the regulation of the cardiovascular system and plasma NA following an oral glucose load. PMID- 3911738 TI - Alcoholic liver disease. Histological features and evolution. PMID- 3911739 TI - Natural history of complications of alcoholic liver disease. PMID- 3911740 TI - Hepatotrophic factors: basic concepts and clinical implications. PMID- 3911741 TI - Alcohol and the pancreas. PMID- 3911742 TI - Alcohol and disease: central nervous system. PMID- 3911743 TI - The contribution of arterial pressure to the cardiac dysfunction of chronic alcoholism. PMID- 3911745 TI - Officers of the European Association of Neurosurgical Societies and members of its committees. Officers of its member societies. 1985. PMID- 3911744 TI - Primary cranial and intracranial chondrosarcoma. A survey. AB - Fifty cases of intracranial and cranial chondrosarcoma were reviewed in the world literature including two of our own. These were analyzed relevant to their histological subgroup, site of origin, age and sex incidence, calcification and vascularity, recurrence, and metastases. The analysis was done in order to clarify points in the diagnosis, management, and prognosis of this rare tumour. The mesenchymal subtype is a more malignant form with a higher tendency for recurrence, metastasis, and increased vascularity. PMID- 3911747 TI - CT stereotactic biopsy for optimizing the therapy of intracranial processes. AB - The CT stereotactic method (Mundinger/Birg) and the bioptic results of intracranial processes in 815 cases are reported. In 17% of the cases, no tumor was found, in contrast to the diagnosis established by modern imaging techniques (CT, MRI). The necessity of confirming the diagnosis of intracranial lesions to optimize the treatment plan is pointed out. Low mortality and morbidity rates (0.6 and 3%) make this method acceptable for the patient, since misdiagnoses, mistreatment or omission of treatment can thus be avoided. The accuracy (0.6 mm) of CT stereotactic localization and biopsy makes the method reliable even for small lesions. PMID- 3911746 TI - Infections in neurosurgery: a retrospective study of 1143 patients and 1517 operations. AB - The files of 1143 neurosurgical patients, operated on between November 1, 1979 and June 4, 1981 were examined for records of post-operative infections. Eighty three patients had developed infections (7%). In addition there were 33 instances of aseptic meningitis. Patients with a shunt were prone to infection (12%). Bone flap infections accounted for more than half of all infections after supratentorial craniotomy. Bacterial meningitis accounted for more than half of all infections after suboccipital craniotomy and translabyrinthine operations. In these patients bacterial meningitis was six times more common, and aseptic meningitis three times more common than in those who had had supratentorial operations. Shunt infection was more common after repeated shunt operations in quick succession. Craniotomy increased the risk of a shunt becoming infected. Antibiotic prophylaxis should be used not only in shunt operations but in all operations performed on patients with a shunt. If bacteria are recovered in a suspected shunt infection, immediate removal of the shunt is the best treatment. However, if the shunt's removal or replacement is exceptionally difficult intraventricular antibiotic treatment may be tried. The age of the patient, the duration of the operation, the individual surgeon and the number of operations did not affect the rate of infection. Clinical signs and conventional laboratory tests, apart from bacterial culture, cannot differentiate between bacterial and aseptic meningitis, but a drop in the level of consciousness suggests bacterial meningitis. PMID- 3911748 TI - Cellular aspects of DNA repair. PMID- 3911749 TI - Isotope-dilution mass spectrometry in clinical chemistry. PMID- 3911750 TI - Clinical chemistry of vitamin B12. PMID- 3911752 TI - Effects of the knowledge base on children's memory strategies. AB - In this article, the importance of examining the linkage between knowledge and strategic factors in children's memory has been suggested. Indeed, it has been argued that a more complete analysis of the development of remembering in children requires a consideration of the operation of memory strategies in the context of the growing knowledge base. The effects of the knowledge base were analyzed in terms of concurrent influences on the use of strategies and long-term consequences for the development of increasingly skilled memory processing. The available evidence suggests that age-related changes in the contents of the knowledge system, as well as increases in the ease with which information can be accessed, contribute to the strategies that are used by children of different ages, and influence the development of efficient modes of processing. Continued research on the concurrent effects of the knowledge base should provide a more complete account of children's memory than that currently available, taking into consideration knowledge of the materials, understanding of the task demands, as well as overall strategic abilities. Similarly, research on the long-term developmental effects of the knowledge base on memory strategies should facilitate an understanding of the mechanisms by which memory processing becomes more efficient and less effortful. Ideally, studies that examine these issues should be longitudinal in scope (Ornstein et al., 1985a), but even cross sectional research that explores the interrelationships between strategies and knowledge will facilitate an understanding of the development of memory in children. PMID- 3911751 TI - Plasma lipoproteins, apolipoproteins, and proteins concerned with lipid metabolism. PMID- 3911753 TI - Effects of sibling spacing on intelligence, interfamilial relations, psychosocial characteristics, and mental and physical health. PMID- 3911754 TI - Infant visual preferences: a review and new theoretical treatment. PMID- 3911755 TI - The concept of dimensions in developmental research. AB - In the present article, the terms attribute, concept, and category were deliberately used to demonstrate how such terms share a common meaning, at least at one level. This is precisely the level at which interpretive misunderstandings seem to abound. The misunderstandings are not limited to any group of theorists, but apply equally to many of us. Actually, the problem is not very different from that which exists for similarity. In an extensive analysis of the similarity construct, Gregson (1975) remarked that one reason for its popularity was that the lack of a precise definition could be "dangerously versatile." Versatility at the expense of precise definition does not improve either predictability or our understanding of complex developmental processes. That understanding is our goal, and if the suggestions we have made lead to more clearly defined research designs and more consistent results, our goals shall have been achieved. PMID- 3911756 TI - Struvite urolithiasis in animals and man: formation, detection, and dissolution. PMID- 3911757 TI - Atrophic rhinitis in swine. PMID- 3911758 TI - New approaches to vaccines. PMID- 3911759 TI - Atherosclerosis: the consequence of infection with a herpesvirus. PMID- 3911760 TI - The ontogeny and microenvironment of the avian thymus and bursa of Fabricius: contribution of specialized cells to the avian immune response. PMID- 3911761 TI - Neutrophilic leukocyte structure and function in domestic animals. AB - Differences in neutrophil morphology between various species of domestic animals are evident when morphometric techniques are used. Morphometric analysis can be coupled with functional assays of degranulation to demonstrate changes in granule volume after neutrophil activation (Bertram and Jensen, 1984). Morphometric and functional analysis of the neutrophil can also be used to evaluate the response of neutrophils to infectious agents (Coignoul et al., 1984a). Comparison of these assays between animal species may provide insight into the susceptibility of animals to various microbial pathogens. The enzyme content of neutrophil granules has been extensively studied, but the process of enzyme release from granules is poorly understood. Granule contents are assumed to be released in an "all or none" fashion. The presence of unique forms of granules (granules with a flocculent matrix) seen in degranulating neutrophils suggests that partial granule-content release as well as total granule-content release may be controlled by similar processes. If a selective process of granule enzyme release occurs, a more refined control of degranulation may exist than has been previously believed. Functions of neutrophilic leukocytes include phagocytosis, killing, and digestion of microbes which invade the host. The neutrophil is also able to increase vascular permeability, help or suppress some T and B lymphocyte responses, and modify some phases of the inflammatory process. Research into the role of neutrophils in killing tumor cells has demonstrated the potential beneficial effects of neutrophil-mediated tissue-damaging mechanisms. PMID- 3911762 TI - [Comparison of various technics in the diagnosis of varicocele]. PMID- 3911763 TI - [Simultaneous splenectomy and orthotopic kidney transplantation]. PMID- 3911764 TI - [Urological complications after renal transplantation]. AB - Urological complications occurred in 17.5% of the 80 patients who had received renal transplantations in our clinic between March, 1975 and May, 1984. Urinary fistulas occurred in 3 patients, urolithiasis occurred in 6 patients, ureteral stenosis occurred in 1 patient and urinary tract bleeding occurred in 4 patients. Graft loss was observed in 1 patient, but there were no patients whose death was directly attributable to urological complications. Urological complications can be avoided by careful procedures in donor nephrectomy and urinary tract reconstruction. PMID- 3911765 TI - [Immunohistochemical demonstration of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and ABO (H) blood group antigens on tissue sections of urinary bladder tumors]. AB - The carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and ABO (H) blood group antigens of 47 bladder tumors were investigated by immunohistochemistry (CEA by peroxidase antiperoxidase method and blood group antigens by Avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method) and the results were compared with the histopathological diagnosis. Twenty five percent of the bladder tumors had CEA-positive tumor cells. They were found in 11.1% of pT1 cases, in 12.5% of pT2 cases, 70.0% of pT3 cases and 50.0% of pT4 cases and were also found in 13.3% of grade I cases, in 50.0% of grade II cases and in 40.0% of grade III cases. On the other hand, positive blood group antigen cells were found in 85.2% of pT1 cases, 50.0% of pT2 cases, 20.0% of pT3 cases and 50.0% of the pT4 cases and also in 80.0% of the grade I cases, 41.1% of the grade II cases, and 20.0% of the grade III cases. A statistical difference was seen between the low stage (pT1) and high stage cases (pT2-pT4) and between the low grade (G-I) and high grade cases (G-II, III) (P less than 0.01) for both CEA and the blood group antigens which were statistically related (P less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3911766 TI - [The study of urinary tract infection with a possible cause of fungi and evaluation of the efficacy of 5-FC]. AB - Prior to clinical investigations, in vitro activities of 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC), ofloxacin (OFLX), and the combination on a strain of E. coli and of C. albicans were tested. The two drugs showed highly active on each target strain without any interaction. In clinical studies, 5 female adult patients with persistent uncomplicated UTI (3 of cystitis, 2 of pyelonephritis) caused by polymicrobial organisms (including bacteria and fungi) were treated in combination of 5-FC and oral chemotherapeutic agent. The results were both bacteriologically and symptomatically successful in all of 5 cases. Those had been poor by other antibiotic drugs in single use or 5-FC alone. Consequently, 5-FC and oral antibacterial drug combination was useful in therapy on even uncomplicated UTI due to polymicrobial organisms including fungi. PMID- 3911767 TI - [Compensatory changes in beta 2-microglobulin handling in the remnant tubules after contralateral nephrectomy. Observations of beta 2-microglobulin excretion into the urine]. AB - Serum and urinary beta 2-microglobulin (S-, U-beta 2MG), and creatinine clearance (C-cr) were examined in 41 nephrectomy cases, and changes in glomerular and tubular handling of beta 2MG such as filtered beta 2MG (Fil-beta 2MG), reabsorption of beta 2MG (Reab-beta 2MG) and fractional excretion of beta 2MG (FE beta 2MG) were studied. Serum creatinine (S-cr) and S-beta 2MG increased significantly after nephrectomy. C-cr decreased immediately after nephrectomy (80%), but recovered up to 87% in 2 to 4 days postoperatively. Fil-beta 2MG decreased immediately after nephrectomy, but increased up to more than the preoperative level in 2 to 4 days postoperatively. On the other hand, Reab-beta 2MG decreased significantly immediately after nephrectomy, and it took 5 to 8 days until recovery. Consequently, urinary excretion of beta 2MG (Ex-beta 2MG) and FE-beta 2MG increased significantly 0 to 4 days postoperatively. These increases in Ex-beta 2MG and FE-beta 2MG were much higher than those seen in diabetic nephropathy, cadmium nephropathy and Cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) (CDDP) intoxication, and were not due to drug intoxication such as general anesthesia or antibiotics, but due to glomerulo-tubular unbalance. Clinical data of renal tubular handling of beta 2-microglobulin in cases of interferon therapy or unilateral nephrectomy revealed many interesting aspects of glomerulo-tubular adaptations, and micropuncture study or isolated tubule perfusion study are awaited. PMID- 3911768 TI - [Percutaneous nephrostomy--the method and technical problems]. AB - Ultrasound guided percutaneous nephrostomy (PNS) was performed on 72 patients (80 kidneys) including pretreatment for percutaneous nephro-uretero lithotomy (PNL). PNS was performed for post-renal anuria or hydronephrosis in 23 cases (28 kidneys), for urinary leakage in 4 cases (5 kidneys), for vesical bleeding in 1 case (2 kidneys) and as pretreatment of PNL in 44 cases (45 kidneys). Ultrasound guided renal puncture was done percutaneously and a 0.038 inch J-tipped wire guide was inserted into the suitable calyx. Then the nephrostomy tract was dilated with fascia dilators of Malecot nephrostomy set. A 14 Fr or 16 Fr Malecot catheter was used for hydronephrosis or urinary leakage cases. 18 Fr, 24 Fr Malecot catheter or Bardex balloon catheter 18-22 Fr was inserted for PNL cases. In the PNL group, Ht decreased slightly but there was no need of blood transfusion. In the other groups, Ht did not change. Defect of 99m-Tc-DMSA renal uptake in several cases suggested renal injury at nephrostomied cortex. In about 70% of the cases, a fever of more than 37 degrees C was observed, and in 4 cases, more than 39 degrees C was observed. There were no major complications observed. In conclusion, percutaneous nephrostomy using Malecot nephrostomy set is a safe and effective method. PMID- 3911769 TI - [Nonfunctioning adrenal cortical adenoma: a case report]. AB - A 49-year-old female was admitted for evaluation of the abdominal mass which had been incidentally found by ultrasonography during the work up of diabetes mellitus. There was no evidence suggesting hormonal hyperactivity along with the clinical symptoms and the laboratory data. CT scan revealed a small round mass over the right renal upper pole which was in homogeneously enhanced by contrast dye. Right adrenal venography showed the round mass compressing the right adrenal central vein, and hormonal sampling in several portions of the venous system gave unremarkable results. The abdominal mass was resected and the histologic diagnosis was benign adrenal cortical adenoma. This case of nonfunctioning adrenal cortical adenoma is presented, and the management of asymptomatic adrenal tumors incidentally found was discussed. PMID- 3911771 TI - The osseointegration implant system and its influence upon occlusal design. PMID- 3911770 TI - [Infected solitary renal cyst with an intracystic stone: a case report]. AB - A 23-year-old women had a high grade and right CVA tenderness after Caesarean section at another hospital. Because of these symptoms, she was eventually transferred to our university hospital, where she was treated with antibiotics. However, both the high grade fever and right CVA tenderness persisted. We conducted IVPs in order to determine the cause of the fever. Deformities of the right upper calyceal system were consequently discovered. We then performed sonographic examination, CT-scan and percutaneous cystography which revealed a right infected solitary renal cyst with an intracystic stone. An operation revealed no apparent communication between the renal cyst and calyceal system. Histological examination of the surgical specimens revealed the presence of inflammatory change. The postoperative course was uneventful and the patient was discharged. PMID- 3911772 TI - Requirements for ideal restorative posterior tooth occlusal anatomy--a working clinical hypothesis. PMID- 3911773 TI - Malpractice issues in heart transplantation. AB - As organ transplantation procedures become accepted as standard medical practice, it is anticipated that the frequency of liability claims against transplant care providers will increase. This article examines current statutory and common law analyses of malpractice issues in transplantation, with particular attention given to issues of informed consent as they arise both for the organ donor and donee. PMID- 3911774 TI - The current status of medical malpractice countersuits. AB - The dramatic growth of medical malpractice litigation in recent decades has contributed significantly to an overall increase in health care costs in this country. Although lawmakers, physicians, and other responsible citizens have proposed numerous solutions in an effort to curb the crisis, these proposals have generally been ineffective. In this Article the Author endorses countersuits as the most appropriate response to frivolous medical malpractice actions. The Author also suggests that contingent fee systems, coupled with the economic motivation of private insurers to settle claims quickly, provide incentive for plaintiffs to initiate frivolous claims. This Article analyzes the general legal approaches available for countersuits, emphasizing recent successful actions based on malicious prosecution and abuse of process, and proposes more widespread use of these approaches. PMID- 3911775 TI - Products liability issues in school asbestos litigation. AB - The hazards posed by deteriorating friable asbestos in the nation's schools are causing serious concerns for public health officials, school boards, parents and school employees. Reports by both the Environmental Protection Agency and the U.S. Attorney General's Office agree that both school children and school employees stand a substantially increased risk of contracting some form of asbestos-related disease as a result of exposure to deteriorating asbestos materials in school buildings. School systems plagued by the asbestos hazards are now filing suits against asbestos manufacturers alleging causes of action in breach of warranty, negligence and strict products liability in tort. Some plaintiffs in school asbestos litigation seek to recover the costs of EPA mandated asbestos inspection and abatement programs which have already been completed. Still others request injunctions to compel the manufacturers themselves to conduct inspections and finance abatement. This Note examines the school asbestos situation from a legal perspective and focuses primarily on whether the schools' claims should be considered as economic losses or as property damage. It examines the impact of statutes of limitations on these cases under both contract and tort theories. The Note argues that school asbestos claims should be decided under a strict products liability standard. PMID- 3911776 TI - Orphan drugs: the question of products liability. AB - Orphan drugs, essential for the treatment of persons with rare diseases, generally are unprofitable for manufacturers to develop and market. While congressional and administrative efforts to promote the development of orphan drugs have met with modest success, application of products liability doctrine to orphan drug sponsors could subvert those efforts. This Note describes the provisions of the Orphan Drug Act and analyzes products liability law with respect to orphan drug litigation. It argues that the goals of tort law support the imposition of liability for design defect, failure to warn and negligence in testing. Finally, the Note acknowledges that liability costs create disincentives for orphan drug development and suggests mechanisms for reducing manufacturers' liability concerns. PMID- 3911777 TI - Gastrointestinal lymphomas. Immunohistochemical studies on the cell of origin. AB - The classification of primary malignant lymphomas of the gastrointestinal tract by their cell of origin has been a subject of great controversy in recent years, with the proportion of histologic subtypes varying substantially in different published series. Much of this controversy was initially due to the widely recognized inherent difficulty of classifying lymphomas based on routine histologic sections alone. However, the advent of immunohistochemical techniques has also yielded disparate results. Particularly contentious has been the notion of true histiocytic lymphomas, which some investigators have claimed to be relatively frequent in the gastrointestinal tract, whereas others doubt whether they exist at all. We present here a classification of 25 gastrointestinal lymphomas seen in the surgical pathology services of UCLA Hospital and Stanford University Medical Center. Unlike all previously reported series, we have utilized frozen tissue sections for the performance of immunohistochemical studies, which we and others have found to be far more reliable than the use of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues, particularly in detecting monoclonal surface staining of immunoglobulin light- and heavy-chain markers. We find that this technique lessens the likelihood of overinterpreting the stains for histiocyte markers (alpha 1-antitrypsin and lysozyme), which are often difficult to read owing to strong positive staining of benign reactive histiocytes within the tumor. Utilizing these techniques, we have been able to classify definitely 21 of our 25 lymphomas (84%) as of B-cell origin, whereas none appeared to be histiocytic. We conclude that true histiocytic lymphomas of the gastrointestinal tract must be very rare, and we recommend the routine use of frozen tissue sections for more accurate classification of these interesting lesions. PMID- 3911778 TI - Immunohistochemical localization of cathepsin G in human tissues. AB - An antiserum to human cathepsin G has been raised in sheep and its reactivity with human tissues has been tested. The indirect immunoperoxidase staining sequence was employed and was applied to routinely processed paraffin sections. Mature granulocytes, especially those of the neutrophil variety, were intensely and consistently stained. Activity was not observed in other cell or tissue types. Many of the cells of acute and chronic myeloid leukemia were strongly stained, in contrast to those of acute lymphoblastic or chronic lymphocytic leukemias. The results of the technique are compared with those described with staining for muramidase (lysozyme), alpha 1-antitrypsin, leukocyte elastase, and naphthol-AS-D-chloroacetate esterase, and with certain monoclonal antisera directed against granulocyte determinants. PMID- 3911779 TI - Skeletal muscle actin as tumor marker in the diagnosis of rhabdomyosarcoma in childhood. AB - Immunoaffinity-purified and tissue-specific antibodies against carp skeletal muscle actin have been assessed for their usefulness in diagnosing rhabdomyosarcoma. Routinely processed formaldehyde-fixed tissue and the avidin- biotinyl--peroxidase complex technique were used. Thirty-six tumors of patients varying in age from less than 1 year to 17 years were diagnosed as rhabdomyosarcoma on the basis of routine histological stains or electron microscopy, and on clinical grounds. Among them were 20 poorly differentiated tumors. All moderately and well-differentiated rhabdomyosarcomas and the majority of the poorly differentiated tumors (13 of 20) showed positive immunostaining for actin. Positive staining was observed in all three types of rhabdomyosarcoma, i.e., embryonal, alveolar, and pleomorphic. Besides rhabdomyosarcomas, the only other positive neoplasms were those that contained rhabdomyoblastic differentiation such as malignant "triton" tumors and malignant mixed mullerian tumors. Our results indicate that antibodies against skeletal muscle actin are a powerful tool for diagnosing rhabdomyosarcoma and that they can be used to distinguish the poorly differentiated forms from other types of small round cell tumors in childhood such as neuroblastoma, Ewing's sarcoma, and malignant lymphoma. The results are discussed in the light of the embryogenesis of cross striated skeletal muscle. PMID- 3911780 TI - Ovarian Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors. A clinicopathological analysis of 207 cases. AB - The clinical and pathological features of 207 ovarian Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors from our consultation and hospital files were reviewed. The patients ranged in age from 2 to 75 (average 25) years. Seventy-five percent of them were 30 years of age or younger and less than 10% were over 50 years of age. One-third of the patients presented because of unequivocal evidence of androgen excess, and an additional 10% had a history suggesting androgen excess; most of the remaining patients complained of abdominal swelling or pain. At operation, 97.5% of the tumors were Stage I, 1.5% were Stage II, and 1% were Stage III. Both ovaries were involved in 1.5% of the cases. The tumors ranged from microscopic to 51 cm in diameter (average 13.5 cm); 15% of them were ruptured. Thirty-eight percent of the tumors were solid, 58% were solid and cystic, and 4% were cystic. The solid tissue was typically lobulated and yellow. On microscopic examination, 11% of the tumors were well differentiated, 54% were of intermediate differentiation, 13% were poorly differentiated, and 22% contained heterologous elements according to the criteria of the World Health Organization; a prominent retiform pattern was present in 15% of them. Follow-up was obtained for 164 patients. The tumor was clinically malignant in 18% of them. The prognosis correlated most meaningfully with the stage and degree of differentiation of the tumor. The high-stage tumors were all clinically malignant. All the well-differentiated tumors were benign, but 11% of those of intermediate differentiation, 59% of the poorly differentiated tumors, and 19% of those with heterologous elements were malignant. In a few cases radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of the two, in addition to surgical excision, was of benefit in the management of the malignant tumors. PMID- 3911781 TI - [Experimental observation of the effect of clasp design on the displacement of the abutment teeth during placement and removal of a prosthesis]. PMID- 3911782 TI - [Evaluation of our prosthodontic services on Tonaki Island]. PMID- 3911783 TI - [The 1st Bulgarian obstetrical monitor--the AM-1]. PMID- 3911784 TI - [Ultrasonic diagnosis in cases of puerperal mastitis]. PMID- 3911785 TI - [Toxic shock syndrome]. PMID- 3911786 TI - [Congenital rubella syndrome and its prevention]. PMID- 3911787 TI - [Hyperprolactinemia as a cause of endocrine-induced sterility]. PMID- 3911788 TI - [Modern drug treatment of hyperprolactinemia]. PMID- 3911789 TI - [Combined method for the primary rehabilitation and postoperative treatment of surgical incisions of the perineum]. PMID- 3911790 TI - Remembering Hermann Pinkus. PMID- 3911791 TI - Hermann Pinkus, M.D. PMID- 3911792 TI - The British Society for Dermatopathology. PMID- 3911793 TI - J.M.H. MacLeod and British dermatopathology. PMID- 3911794 TI - Dermatology in biblical perspective. An illustration from the book of Job. PMID- 3911795 TI - The man behind the eponym. John James Pringle (1855-1922). PMID- 3911796 TI - Dr. Rainforth's dermatologic stereoviews. An interview with Gerald Marks, a multi media artist, on the production of visual aids (by Warren Dotz). PMID- 3911797 TI - A Venezuelan dermatologist and world citizen. PMID- 3911798 TI - Hepatitis B surface antigen positive skin lesions. Two case reports with an immunoperoxidase study. AB - This study represents the first two case reports of skin lesions positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) with the immunoperoxidase technique. A 25 year-old man and a 64-year-old woman with serologic evidence of acute B viral hepatitis and concurrent skin lesions are presented. Immunoperoxidase study of the skin lesions for HBsAg revealed strong positive staining of squamous epidermal cells, eccrine sweat glands, and endothelial cells in the superficial papillary dermis. Immunoperoxidase staining for hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) was negative in both cases. Electron microscopy failed to reveal viral particles. PMID- 3911799 TI - Ultrastructure of the normal human nail. PMID- 3911800 TI - The man behind the eponym. Henry Haber (1900-1962). PMID- 3911801 TI - The man behind the eponym. Henry Haber. PMID- 3911802 TI - The man behind the eponym. Henry Haber. PMID- 3911803 TI - The plague called "shechin" in the Bible. AB - The Old Testament contains some of the earliest descriptions of skin disease. One example is the plague called "shechin," which probably consisted of several cutaneous disorders, all characterized by marked inflammation. Clinical highlights of these conditions are discussed on the basis of three case histories recounted in the Bible. PMID- 3911804 TI - Hodgkin's disease complicating lymphomatoid papulosis. AB - A patient with a 14-year history of lymphomatoid papulosis developed localized subcutaneous lymphoma with morphologic features of Hodgkin's disease at the age of 46 years. The lymphoma was clinically atypical in that it remained localized in the subcutis for 10 years before involvement of lymph nodes occurred. A review of the literature indicates that patients with lymphomatoid papulosis, especially those with plaque or nodular lesions in addition to papular lesions, are given to develop malignant lymphomas of various histologic types. PMID- 3911806 TI - Javier Arias-Stella, M.D. PMID- 3911805 TI - Cutaneous pathology of the toxic shock syndrome. PMID- 3911808 TI - A prospective study of young men at high risk for alcoholism: neuropsychological assessment. AB - As part of the first phase of a prospective longitudinal study on alcoholism, a battery of neuropsychological tests covering general intelligence, memory, attention, field-dependence, categorizing ability, and organizing and planning, was administered to 204 18-19-year-old males. Of these, 134 subjects are the sons of alcoholic fathers and are thereby themselves at high risk for becoming alcoholic. The remaining 70 subjects comprise a control group matched for several social and familial variables. The high risk group was found to have a relatively poorer vocabulary and to perform worse on tests of categorizing ability and organization and planning. All of these findings concur with other results from this study. The anticipated future alcoholics from among the high risk subjects may prove to be those who differed most on these tests. PMID- 3911807 TI - Ethanol potentiates the toxic effects of 1,4-butanediol. AB - The simultaneous administration of ethanol increases the mortality rate and tissue damage observed in rats after 1,4-butanediol (1,4-BD). A related increase in tissue 1,4-BD concentration supported the hypothesis of an in vivo competition of the two substances for alcohol dehydrogenase. The clinical implications of the results, in light of the recent discovery of the presence of endogenous 1,4-BD in humans are discussed. PMID- 3911809 TI - Treatment outcome of left-handed versus right-handed alcoholic men. AB - This study replicates the findings of Smith and Chyatte that left-handed alcoholic men have a less favorable treatment outcome than right-handers. PMID- 3911810 TI - Symptomatology in alcoholics at various stages of abstinence. AB - Evaluation of 312 abstinent alcoholics (163 men and 149 women) with the Symptom Check-List 90 revealed high levels of symptomatology for subjects in the early months of abstinence. Symptomatology decreased progressively with prolonged abstinence, approximating normal levels for subjects abstinent 10 years or more. The levels were similar for men and women. At all stages, for both men and women, symptomatology was highest on the depression, interpersonal sensitivity, and obsessive-compulsive symptom dimensions, with guilt a particularly persistent symptom. It is suggested that the findings depict a long-term process of recovery from active alcoholism and are consistent with the concept of a protracted withdrawal syndrome, an intermediate (partially reversible) brain syndrome, and general psychosocial dysfunction and demoralization consequent to active alcoholism. PMID- 3911811 TI - Early versus late onset alcoholism in older persons: preliminary findings. AB - Systematic data comparing early onset (EO) versus late onset (LO) subgroups of older alcoholics is presented in this preliminary clinical report. Thirty-six older active problem drinkers, ages 53 to 76 years at the time of entry into a special outpatient treatment program, were assessed on selected demographic, psychological, alcohol history, and alcohol treatment compliance variables. There were 14 EOs (first alcohol problem prior to age 40 years) and 22 LOs (first problem after age 40). Compared to EOs, LOs reported less family alcoholism and greater current psychological stability. Treatment compliance in both groups was similarly high, compared to overall clinic norms. PMID- 3911812 TI - Ethanol drug interaction with chlordiazepoxide and pentobarbital. AB - Drug interactions between ethanol and pentobarbital and ethanol and chlordiazepoxide were investigated utilizing mice. At the peak of oral ethanol (0 4 g/kg), either sodium pentobarbital (1-120 mg/kg) or chlordiazepoxide hydrochloride (2-400 mg/kg) was given intraperitoneally. Blood concentrations of ethanol, pentobarbital, chlordiazepoxide, and its pharmacologically active major metabolites were monitored utilizing either gas chromatography or high performance liquid chromatography. Lethality and loss-of-righting reflex were measured as indexes of behavioral drug interactions. It was evident from the isobolographic plot that the interactions between ethanol and pentobarbital and ethanol and chlordiazepoxide were more than additive. Interaction between ethanol and pentobarbital was greater than that between ethanol and chlordiazepoxide. Furthermore, with increasing ethanol pretreatment the shift in dose-response curves for the loss-of-righting reflex was affected more than the shift in dose response curves for lethality. Blood concentration monitoring of each drug indicated that the rate of biotransformation of pentobarbital was significantly decreased; sequential biotransformation of chlordiazepoxide was also altered, resulting in a large accumulation of demethylchlordiazepoxide in the blood. PMID- 3911813 TI - Measurement of protein synthetic activity by determination of peptidyl[3H]puromycin formation in liver slices after ethanol administration. AB - We investigated the utility of [3H]puromycin as an alternate and adjunct precursor to amino acids for measuring protein synthetic activity in rat liver slices. Slices were incubated in the presence of either [3H]puromycin or radiolabeled valine to compare the incorporation of these isotopic precursors into nascent hepatocellular proteins. Compared to liver slices from controls, comparable decreases in the incorporation of both [3H]puromycin and labeled valine were observed in experiments using slices from fasted rats and in slices preincubated with 25 mM ethanol. Radiolabeling of nascent polypeptides with either [3H]puromycin or labeled valine in liver slices from rats fed a liquid diet containing ethanol was also decreased compared to slices from pair-fed control and chow-fed animals. Our results demonstrated the validity of using [3H]puromycin to detect changes in protein synthetic activity under these conditions. The potential advantage of using [3H]puromycin for in vivo studies is discussed. PMID- 3911814 TI - Gangliosides in axolemmal and synaptic membrane fractions from developing rats: effects of maternal ethanol consumption on offspring. AB - Previous work from this laboratory has shown that in utero exposure to ethanol significantly alters the synthesis of glycoproteins in synaptic, axolemmal, and myelin membranes from developing rats. In an attempt to determine whether in utero exposure to ethanol similarly alters the synthesis of other glycoconjugates involved with cell-cell interactions, the present study examined the influence of chronic maternal ethanol consumption prior to parturition on the content and synthesis of gangliosides in axolemmal and synaptic plasma membranes from developing rats. The results demonstrate that, in contrast to central nervous system glycoproteins, synaptic and axolemmal glycolipids are minimally affected by in utero exposure to ethanol. At all ages examined (17 to 34 days of age), the offspring of control and ethanol-treated rats had a comparable distribution of radiolabel among synaptic and axolemmal gangliosides, a normal concentration of ganglioside sialic acid in synaptic plasma membranes, and a near-normal distribution of sialic acid among synaptic gangliosides. The present study provides evidence which indicates that the radiolabeling patterns of axolemmal and synaptic membrane gangliosides are similar. Specifically, the most heavily labeled synaptic and axolemmal gangliosides were GT1b (20-37% of the total radioactivity) and GD1a (20-32%). A smaller proportion of radioactivity was associated with GD1b (approximately 11-16%), GM1 (5-10%), and GQ1b (4-11%), as well as with GD3 and the other monosialogangliosides (less than 5%). During the age period examined the proportion of radioactive GT1b increased in both membrane fractions. PMID- 3911815 TI - Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase isozymes nomenclature. PMID- 3911816 TI - Natural killer cells in relation to disease and treatment. PMID- 3911817 TI - Increased bronchial hypersensitivity after early and late bronchial reactions provoked by allergen inhalation. AB - The non-specific bronchial reactivity following bronchial allergen challenge was studied in 40 patients with allergic bronchial asthma, particularly in subjects without definite late reactions 6 h after the provocations (reduction in peak expiratory flow or forced expiratory volume in 1 s of less than 15% of the control value at this time). Among a group of 21 patients submitted to bronchial provocation tests, 13 carried out maximal exercise tests 6 and 1 week after the allergen challenge. In another group of 19 patients, the bronchial hyperreactivity to methacholine was assessed before and 6 h and 1 week after challenge. Two patients with a dual response (early & late) reacted with bronchial obstruction to the exercise. Exercise tests performed after 1 week did not provoke asthma in any patient. In the methacholine group a marked increase in responsiveness to methacholine 6 h after the provocation was observed in those patients with a dual response who were tested and in those with equivocal late reactions and even in three patients with an isolated immediate reaction. The increases responsiveness was still present in many patients 1 week after challenge. The airway caliber did not influence the degree of responsiveness to methacholine. Nor did the degree of responsiveness have any influence on the patterns of reactions observed after allergen exposure. It was concluded that in some individuals exposure to the relevant allergen predisposes them to exercise inducible bronchial obstruction. Further, it was confirmed that non-specific bronchial reactivity can be increased not only in patients with late responses - both definite and equivocal--but also in some patients with immediate reactions alone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3911818 TI - Cultivation of fungi in synthetic and semi-synthetic liquid medium. II. Immunochemical properties of the antigenic and allergenic extracts. AB - Four allergologically important fungi, viz. Aspergillus fumigatus, Penicillium notatum, Alternaria alternata, and Cladosporium herbarum were cultured in a liquid synthetic medium, with or without addition of 0.1% yeast extract (YE). After 10 and 28 days of cultivation, immunochemical properties of the fungal extracts, characterised by precipitation pattern and IgG- and IgE-binding capacity, were studied. In pure synthetic medium no large differences were observed in number of precipitates, as measured by DID, among the four antigenic fractions of each fungus (metabolic and mycelial antigens of both early and late phase cultures). Addition of YE to the growth medium hardly changed the number of precipitates and generally caused a decrease in IgG-binding capacity of the extracts. In contrast to these observations were the findings with the IgE binding capacities of the fungal extracts as measured by RAST. Most allergenic fractions demonstrated an increase (sometimes strong) in IgE-binding capacity after YE was added to the growth medium. It is concluded that the time of cultivation influences the immunochemical characteristics of fungal extracts and that mycelial as well as metabolic antigens of both early and late phase cultures should be used in order to obtain a wide spectrum of allergens in extracts used for diagnostic purposes. PMID- 3911819 TI - Directory of accredited organizations, approved programs/offerings, and accredited continuing education certificate programs preparing nurse practitioners. Fall 1985. PMID- 3911820 TI - [Intraoperative changes in extravascular lung water. Study on heart surgery patients]. AB - The intraoperative changes in extravascular lung water (EVLW) were studied in 40 patients undergoing aortic-coronary bypass grafting. The patients were divided into two groups on the basis of preoperative ejection fraction (EF) values (group I: EF greater than 45%; group II: EF less than 45%). EVLW was measured using the double-indicator dilution method (thermo/dye). In a control study, changes in transthoracic impedance (ZoTh) were recorded. The initial EVLW value in group I was 4.3 +/- 0.4 ml/kg body wt. and in group II, 4.4 +/- 0.3 ml/kg body wt. After extracorporeal circulation, significant changes in EVLW could be observed (group I: from 4.5 +/- 0.5 ml/kg body wt. to 7.0 +/- 0.2 ml/kg body wt.; group II: from 5.1 +/- 0.8 ml/kg body wt. to 7.8 +/- 0.9 ml/kg body wt. (p less than 0.001). At the end of the operation, no changes in EVLW were observed in group I. However, in group II EVLW was significantly different to initial values (6.3 +/- 1.0 ml/kg body wt., p less than 0.01). The results obtained using the double-indicator method were identical with those obtained using the transthoracic impedance method. A marked correlation could be seen between length of ECC recording and EVLW values at the end of the operation, especially when the ECC time was 90 min or more (r = 0.84). Based on our results, it must be assumed that intraoperative damage to capillary membranes occurs if the ECC time is above 90 min. PMID- 3911821 TI - A lysoplate assay for Escherichia coli cell wall-active enzymes. AB - A benchtop assay based upon digestion of purified Escherichia coli peptidoglycan suspended in an agarose gel matrix is described. Enzymes for which these cell walls are substrates are applied to wells in the gel and diffuse into the gel. Activity is measured visually by the size of clear disks formed around the wells as the peptidoglycan is digested. Using this assay, it is possible to screen large numbers of cell wall-active enzymes for sensitivity to pH, ionic strength, denaturant, temperature, or other factors without interference from endogenous autolytic enzymes. Data are presented to show the limits of detection and linearity of the assay. For an assay time of 14 h, as little as 1 nmol per liter of bacteriophage T4 lysozyme and 200 nmol per liter of hen egg white lysozyme were detected. Longer assay times decrease these limits by as much as an order of magnitude. The salt dependence of T4 lysozyme and several of its temperature sensitive mutants was also determined. Finally, an example of the use of the assay during lysozyme purification to determine active column fractions is presented. PMID- 3911822 TI - Effect of enzyme concentration on apparent specific activity of hydrogenase. AB - The effect of enzyme concentration on the H2-uptake and H2-evolving activities of the reversible hydrogenase from Thiocapsa roseopersicina was examined. In the activity range assayed by a spectrophotometric technique the apparent H2-uptake specific activity varied greatly with hydrogenase concentration. Study of H2 evolving activity measured by the H2 electrode method and compared with a gas chromatographic assay also indicated that specific activity was highly dependent on enzyme concentration. The results indicate that the widely applied hydrogenase assays give systematically erroneous specific activity values. These assays should be used only for relative measurements and the hydrogenase concentration in the reaction mixture should be kept constant. To make the data from various laboratories comparable the assay parameters should be standardized. PMID- 3911823 TI - Increased inhibitory potency of free fatty acid-poor albumin on the released and activity of insulin-degrading enzymes from isolated rat adipocytes and hepatocytes. AB - Isolated rat adipocytes and hepatocytes release protease(s) into the medium which degrade insulin and glucagon. This can be partially inhibited by high concentrations of bovine serum albumin. Free fatty acid-poor albumin prepared by charcoal treatment at pH 3 is a more potent inhibitor than untreated albumin. However, the increase in inhibitory potency depends on the exposure of the albumin to the low pH and not on the removal of the fatty acids. Optimum conditions for this treatment are overnight exposure to pH 3-4 at 37 degrees C. In hepatocytes, but not in adipocytes, the treated albumin also diminishes the release of enzymes into the medium. PMID- 3911824 TI - Luminometric determination of oxidase activity in peroxisomal fractions of rat liver: glycolate oxidase. AB - The feasibility of using the H2O2-mediated chemiluminescence for determination of the activity of oxidases in peroxisomes of rat liver has been investigated. In an assay medium containing luminol, horseradish peroxidase, and azide with glycolate as substrate, a linear relationship is obtained between the amount of peroxisomal protein used and the luminescence signal. In comparison with other techniques available for measuring the activities of peroxisomal oxidases the luminometric approach described here is 5-10 times more sensitive than the spectrophotometric methods and 100 times more efficient than the polarographic determination of O2. Under the optimal assay conditions the glycolate oxidase activity can be determined in amounts as low as 0.5 micrograms peroxisomal protein. PMID- 3911825 TI - Chromogenic substrate autography: a method for detection, characterization, and quantitative measurement of serine proteases after sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis or isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gels. AB - A chromogenic substrate autography is described which allows characterization and quantification of serine proteases in crude systems after sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis or isoelectric focusing. Separation of samples containing proteases by either method is followed by an overlay of the gels on an indicator film prepared by incorporation of a suitable paranitroanilide substrate into agarose. Positions of the proteases are revealed by the formation of yellow colored zones which can be quantified by densitometry at 405 nm. The technique proved suitable for determination of molecular weights, isoelectric points, and quantitative measurements of amidolytic activities of urokinase, tissue plasminogen activator, tissue and plasma kallikrein, and thrombin in biological fluids and purified preparations. PMID- 3911826 TI - [Biotechnology and clinical biology]. AB - Monoclonal antibodies obtained by lymphocytic hybridization represent highly specific and homogenous probes capable of distinguishing subtle structural differences on the antigens they are directed against. This field of technology is being successfully applied to research in clinical biology. Monoclonal antibodies are powerful tools for improving: specifity and sensitivity of immunoassays, identification of substances for new diagnostic purposes. These points will be illustrated by several examples of our recent work in this field. PMID- 3911827 TI - Result interpretation and microcomputer utilisation. PMID- 3911828 TI - [Cellular aspects of reorganization of pagetic bone tissue]. AB - The light microscopy features of the cellular reorganisation of tone tissue in Paget's disease are well known. They result in the constitution of abnormal bone tissue. Ultrastructural studies have enabled a more detailed study of osteoblasts, osteocytes and osteoclasts. Osteoclasts are the only cells which present abnormalities. In particular, we observe intranuclear and intracytoplasmic inclusions composed of microcylinders. The morphological analysis is able to relate the presence of these formations with a viral infection of the paramyxovirus group. The results obtained by immunocytochemical techniques support this hypothesis. The osteoclast lesion could be a determining factor in the abnormal reorganization of bone tissue in Paget's disease, which may be considered to be a disease due to a slow acting virus. PMID- 3911829 TI - [Intracranial hemorrhage secondary to late onset hemorrhagic disease in the newborn infant]. PMID- 3911830 TI - Quantitative bases for developing a unified index of harm. PMID- 3911831 TI - Radiation protection principles for the disposal of solid radioactive waste. PMID- 3911833 TI - [Fasciolar hepatic abscesses: value of hepatic ultrasonography. Apropos of 3 cases]. AB - Hepatic abscess is a rare complication of fasciolasis. The ultrasonographic appearances of these abscesses are not well known. The finding of nodular echodense images in the hepatic parenchyma may cause diagnostic confusion. We report three cases in which abdominal ultrasonography demonstrated hepatic abscesses complicating fascioliasis. Follow-up examination showed regression of these lesions after treatment. PMID- 3911832 TI - [Vitamin A augmentation of the effects of chemotherapy in metastatic breast cancers after menopause. Randomized trial in 100 patients]. AB - Vitamin A was administered to randomly allocated patients in a group of 100 patients with metastatic breast carcinoma treated by chemotherapy. The daily doses (given indefinitely) ranged from 350,000 to 500,000 IU according to body weight. A significant increase in the complete response rate was observed. When subgroups determined by menopausal status were considered, it was observed that serum retinol levels were only significantly increased in the post-menopausal group on high dose Vitamin A. Response rates, duration of response and projected survival were only significantly increased in this subgroup. The therapeutic and biological implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 3911834 TI - [Cyclosporin A and transplantation]. PMID- 3911835 TI - [Euthanasia of mental patients in Germany during World War II]. PMID- 3911836 TI - [The blotch game]. PMID- 3911837 TI - Stoichiometry of cotransport systems. PMID- 3911838 TI - Role of the NaCl-KCl cotransport system in active chloride absorption and secretion. PMID- 3911840 TI - Site-directed mutagenesis of the lacY gene of Escherichia coli. PMID- 3911839 TI - Topology of the lac permease protein in the membrane of Escherichia coli. PMID- 3911841 TI - Topological studies of lactose permease of Escherichia coli by protein sequence analysis. PMID- 3911842 TI - Isolation, characterization, and nucleotide sequences of lactose permease mutants that have acquired the ability to transport maltose. PMID- 3911843 TI - Genetics and mammalian transport systems. AB - Membranes are organelles of homeostasis that control flux and distribution of molecules in cells. Carriers that mediate flux are gene products; mutations that modify carriers are probes that identify their function. Mutations can provide categorical taxonomies of membrane carriers; in higher organisms they can also identify location and characteristics of carriers. Mendelian human phenotypes reveal at least three different systems for the cationic amino acids (lys, orn, arg) segregated in brush-border (BBM) and basolateral (BLM) membranes of intestinal and renal epithelia; carrier(s) in parenchymal cells (e.g. fibroblasts) are not homologous. At least two gene products for phosphate reabsorption in nephron are revealed by X-linked and autosomal phenotypes; BBM and BLM also contain different forms of the carrier. Mutation reveals two forms of renal glucose reabsorption; the carriers are segregated in different proximal nephron segments. Mutations are potential probes for characterizing both the cellular pathways for synthesis, differentiation, insertion, segregation, turnover, and immobilization of membrane carrier proteins, and the mechanisms by which their function is altered. PMID- 3911844 TI - The potential dependence of the intestinal Na+-dependent sugar transporter. AB - The unidirectional influx of the lipophilic cation tetraphenylphosphonium (TPP+) into isolated intestinal epithelial cells exhibits a marked dependence on the membrane potential (delta psi) maintained by or experimentally imposed on these cells. By taking advantage of this fact, we have described a "crossover" procedure that allows the relative permeability of a cation and anion pair to be determined. Measurements of such relative permeabilities permits diffusion potentials of defined magnitude to be imposed across the plasma membrane of ATP depleted cells. This in turn allows description of the relationship between [14C]TPP+ influx and delta psi. We have determined that the flux-potential relationship is that predicted by the Goldman flux equation. Using this relationship as a calibration tool for delta psi, we then determined the quantitative relationship between membrane potential and the Na+-dependent influx of an actively transported sugar, alpha-methylglucoside (alpha-MG). The influx of [14C]alpha-MG also shows an exponential dependence on delta psi although it is more sharply potential dependent than that shown by TPP+. The specific relationship is consistent with that expected for a system with 2:1 Na+ stoichiometry which obeys the potential dependence predicted by Eyring rate theory with a single energy barrier occurring near the midpoint of the membrane. Over the range of potentials from +33 to -61 mV, we find no evidence for a minimum or threshold potential necessary to support transport and no evidence for an optimal potential that can maximize sugar transport. The data raise the possibility for using either [14C]TPP+ or [14C]alpha-MG influx as the basis for a new noninvasive procedure for measurement of delta psi. PMID- 3911845 TI - Clinical and endocrinological aspects of 21-hydroxylase deficiency. PMID- 3911846 TI - Neonatal screening for congenital adrenal hyperplasia in Japan. PMID- 3911847 TI - LHRH analog treatment of central precocious puberty complicating congenital adrenal hyperplasia. PMID- 3911848 TI - Biochemical properties of cytochrome P-450 in relation to steroid oxygenation. AB - The P-450 cytochromes have been characterized biochemically in recent years as a family of monooxygenases that reductively activate molecular oxygen for insertion into steroids and other physiologically occurring lipids. Many of these enzymes are also known to bind and oxygenate a host of foreign compounds, including alcohol, drugs, pesticides, anesthetics, and mutagens. Some of the poorly understood variations in congenital adrenal hyperplasia may represent nutritional effects on the P-450 oxygenase systems or the ability of xenobiotics to interfere with normal steroid metabolism by these versatile cytochromes. PMID- 3911849 TI - Structure organization and expression of the major histocompatibility class III genes. PMID- 3911850 TI - Pupillary abnormalities in keratoconus. AB - We examined a patient with advanced keratoconus and a fixed and dilated pupil prior to keratoplasty. Local iris ischemia to the sphincter muscle appears to be the most likely etiology of this abnormality. PMID- 3911851 TI - [The role of echography in the diagnosis of extrauterine pregnancy]. PMID- 3911852 TI - [Bullous Sesary's syndrome]. PMID- 3911853 TI - [Hypopigmented sarcoidosis. Immunoperoxidase study]. PMID- 3911854 TI - [Generalized diabetic lipoatrophy in children]. PMID- 3911855 TI - [Generalized acute exanthematous pustulosis accompanied by manifestations simulating infectious mononucleosis]. PMID- 3911856 TI - [Linear IgA bullous dermatosis in adults]. PMID- 3911857 TI - [Stage-specific antigens at the surface of erythrocytes infected by Plasmodium falciparum. Preliminary study]. AB - Immunofluorescence microscopy, and ultrastructural immunolabelling have been used to localize antigens determinants present on the surface of prefixed erythrocytes infected by P. falciparum. Two classes of antigens have been demonstrated: 1) one located on intact erythrocytes close to the site of invasion; 2) another detected after saponin treatment, and distributed over the entire surface of infected erythrocytes. Such antigens appeared to have a variable expression according to the stage of the parasite. PMID- 3911858 TI - [Future perspectives in the treatment of thalassemia major]. PMID- 3911859 TI - Autologous corticocancellous bone paste for long bone discontinuity defects: an experimental approach. AB - A number of materials have been used in treating long bone discontinuity defects, some with rewarding results and some without. These materials vary from autologous, allogenic, and xenogenic grafts, to bone implants. Other inorganic implants, such as plaster of Paris and gold, have been used, most inducing a strong inflammatory reaction. In this experiment, a paste of autologous corticocancellous bone particles was used to reconstitute discontinuity defects in long bones. The defects were healed to a solidified state within six months. This finding confirms our previous work; in membranous bone discontinuity defects, autologous corticocancellous bone gave best overall results either when used alone or with a template carrier for contouring purposes. PMID- 3911860 TI - A rationale for the treatment of difficult basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas of the skin. AB - During a 56-month period, 1,348 patients with either basal cell or squamous cell carcinoma of the skin underwent microscopically controlled excision (Mohs' fresh tissue technique) by a dermatologic surgeon. Of these 1,348 patients, 394 required various types of wound reconstruction by a plastic surgeon. The average dimensions of these wounds were 5 X 3.5 cm, with a range of 1.5 to 20.0 cm in diameter. There were postoperative complications in 13.9% of the 394 patients. The recurrence rate in these 394 patients, to date, for basal cell carcinoma is 5.2% and for squamous cell carcinoma, 11.9%. The advantages of this treatment arrangement include maximum conservation of normal tissue with provision of more reliable complete tumor excision, optimum time utilization by both dermatologic and plastic surgeons, separation of the responsibility for tumor ablation from that for wound reconstruction, and, in many instances, economic savings. We recommend this method of management for difficult, high-risk basal cell or squamous cell carcinomas. PMID- 3911861 TI - [Association of parathyroid adenoma and thyroid adenocancer. Contribution of cervical ultrasonography apropos of 5 cases]. PMID- 3911862 TI - [Renal injury in pediatrics: practical radiological approach. Experience with 90 children]. PMID- 3911863 TI - [Air in the portal system and mesenteric infarction. Value of ultrasonic examination. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 3911864 TI - [An uncommon localization of hydatid cyst: the mouth floor. Apropos of a case in a child]. PMID- 3911865 TI - [Hemolymphangioma of the orbit in children. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 3911866 TI - [Calcifications in scrotal ultrasonography]. PMID- 3911868 TI - Measurement of regional extravascular lung water using the double indicator dilution isotope technique. AB - Using the formulae of Fazio and coworkers, the regional extravascular lung water per blood volume and flow was calculated in normal volunteers, in patients with left heart failure, sarcoidosis, allergic alveolitis and pneumonia. The double isotope technique was used. 113mIn-chloride was intravascular tracer and 123I antipyrine extravascular tracer. They were injected intravenously as rapid bolus. The activity in the lungs was detected with gamma camera and the time-activity curves were generated with PDP-Gamma-11 computer system. Mean transit times were calculated using two different mathematical handlings of the dilution curves, with gamma fitting parameters and by the area-per-height method. The latter method gave mean transit times about double those calculated with gamma fitting parameters, because the peripheral injection decreased the peak height. Therefore, the area per height method to calculate mean transit times by peripheral injection was found to be inaccurate. The control group consisted of 16 healthy adults. In two subjects repeated studies were made in one week. Their individual, regional extravascular lung water values varied somewhat, but were on second examination found to be between the range of the values found from the first examination. The regional extravascular lung water values in patient groups were correlated with corresponding clinical, laboratory and roentgenographic findings. The values for extravascular water discussed on the next page are calculated only by means of transit times with gamma fitting parameters, although the extravascular water values determined by the area-per-height method also significantly increased in patients compared to the control group. The cardiac group consisted of 52 patients, of whom 23 had clinically compensated and 29 decompensated left heart failure. Regional extravascular lung water significantly increased in patients with decompensated heart failure when compared to patients with compensated heart failure. The cardiac group was also divided into three subgroups after radiological grading of pulmonary venous hypertension. Between GR I (n = 17) without signs of venous hypertension and GR II (n = 18) with signs of venous congestion no significant differences in regional extravascular lung water were found. However, in GR I and GR II the values for regional extravascular water increased when compared to the control group, which is probably due to increased perfusion of vessels or increased blood volume in these cardiac patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3911869 TI - The New York Academy of Dentistry. Fellowship list 1985-86. PMID- 3911867 TI - Osteoarthritis of the hip. Radiologic findings and etiology. AB - The purpose of the work was to investigate: Whether osteoarthritis of the hip can be divided into radiologic classes by examining the tendency of osteoarthritis of the hips to increase the growth and calcific content of the bone on the one hand and the associated loss of calcium and cartilage and the deformation and destruction of bone on the other. The prevalence of osteoarthritis of the hip in the internal medicinal and surgical outpatients of the University Central Hospital of Oulu, who were radiographed. Whether osteoarthritis of the hip or its different radiologic manifestations correlate with the patient's age, sex, occupation and strenuousity of work, rickets, cancerous diseases, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, family history, parity, smoking, obesity, physical activity, corticosteroid and anti-epileptic medication, and previous injuries to the lower extremities causing immobilization. Whether the radiologic findings of osteoarthritis of the hip are associated with typical symptoms. Whether there are correlations between the effects of medication and physiotherapy and the radiologic forms of osteoarthritis of the hip. The study population consisted of two series, of which the first included 401 patients: 167 males and 234 females. The second, or major part comprised 518 patients, of whom 249 were male and 269 female. For all these patients we had radiograms available which permitted reliable assessment of the hip condition. The second series, i.e. the latter group of 518 patients, also filled in a questionnaire which dealt with the etiology and symptoms of the osteoarthritis of the hip as well as the therapies they had received. Whenever possible, the changes of the pelvis and the lumbar spine were also assessed on the basis of the radiograms. On the basis of the radiologic findings, osteoarthritis of the hip was divided into two qualitative classes, hypertrophic and destructive, and a mixed type, and into three grades of severity. Hypertrophic osteoarthritis of the hips accounted for 51% of the cases, destructive for 20% and mixed type for 29%. The percentages for the different severities were 47% for the mild, 16% for the moderately severe and 37% for the severe. A total of 26% of the cases were right-sided, 22% left-sided and 52% bilateral. The mild, bilateral cases of osteoarthritis were mostly hypertrophic, whereas destructive osteoarthritis was clearly more common in the unilateral cases. Hypertrophic osteoarthritis was also more frequent in younger age-groups and destructive in older age-groups. The osteoarthritis of the older patients was more severe.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3911870 TI - [Antimicrobial properties of quinoline derivatives]. AB - The biological properties and sensitivity of 112 staphylococcal strains isolated from patients with pyoinflammatory diseases to antibiotics and 2 new derivatives of quinoline were studied. It was shown that the new derivatives of quinoline in concentrations of 3.9-7.8 micrograms/ml had a pronounced antimicrobial effect on S. aureus, C. diphtheriae and Candida. V. metchnicovi, Sh. flexneri, Salmonella and S. faecalis were sensitive to the compounds of the quinoline series in concentrations of 31.2-62.5 micrograms/ml. The antibiotic resistant staphylococcal strains were characterized by high sensitivity to the tested compounds and showed no cross resistance to them. PMID- 3911871 TI - [Antibiotic sensitivity of an Escherichia coli strain used for preparing colibacterin]. AB - Sensitivity of a E. coli strain and commercial colibacterins prepared with its use to 18 antibiotics was tested. The MIC was determined by the method of serial dilutions. It was shown that the strain and colibacterins were sensitive to 9 antibiotics and resistant to the others. PMID- 3911872 TI - [Effect of R plasmids on the growth characteristics of Shigella sonnei and Escherichia coli]. AB - Revealing of growth characteristics in plasmid and plasmid-free strains was studied with the use of two different hosts: E. coli 15-3 and Sh. sonnei 11-941 containing conjugative R plasmids differing in the set of the resistance markers. It was shown that the R plasmids had no noticeable effect on the period of the lag phase and the time of the microbial cell generation. It was also shown that the number of the viable cells in separate cultures of the plasmid-free strain of Sh. sonnei 11-941 and its plasmid variants was of the same order. Counting of the viable cells in mixed cultures of the plasmid-free strain of E. coli 15-3 and its plasmid variant on the complete nutrient medium revealed an insignificant increase (by 10 per cent) in the proportion of the bacteria carrying the plasmid after 6-hour growth (during early stationary growth phase) and later, up to 24 hours. The results of the study suggested that development of nutrient media for microbial strains containing R plasmids does not require additional cultivation conditions. PMID- 3911874 TI - [Replication of Streptomyces plasmids: the DNA nucleotide sequence of plasmid pSB 24.2]. AB - The nucleotide sequence of DNA in plasmid pSB 24.2, a natural deletion derivative of plasmid pSB 24.1 isolated from S. cyanogenus was studied. The plasmid amounted by its size to 3706 nucleotide pairs. The G-C composition was equal to 73 per cent. The analysis of the DNA structure in plasmid pSB 24.2 revealed the protein encoding sequence of DNA, the continuity of which was significant for replication of the plasmid containing more than 1300 nucleotide pairs. The analysis also revealed two A-T-rich areas of DNA, the G-C composition of which was less than 55 per cent and a DNA area with a branched pin structure. The results may be of value in investigation of plasmid replication in actinomycetes and experimental cloning of DNA with this plasmid as a vector. PMID- 3911873 TI - [Lincomycin and its drug forms]. PMID- 3911875 TI - [Interrelationship of the antibiotic and proteolytic activities of the producer Streptomyces antibioticus when different substances are added to the culture broth]. AB - Interrelation between biosynthesis of oleandomycin and alkaline proteases was studied during cultivation of Str. antibioticus in flasks with the complex soybean-corn medium containing lactose. Increasing of the activity of oleandomycin and that of alkaline proteases in the fermentation broth was simultaneous and reached the maximum within 168-192 hours. After that period the activity levels lowered. ATP and glucose induced inhibition of the antibiotic activity and stimulation of the proteolytic activity, 1.25- or 1.5-fold dilution of the fermentation process resulted in stimulation of both the antibiotic activity and the proteolytic activity. At the same time organic acid salts, leucine or gelatin induced their inhibition. Interrelation between these processes was rather complex since lowering of the levels of autolytic processes in the cells by inhibition of the proteases with physiological regulators and respective prolongation of the culture productive phase did not result in increase of the antibiotic yield. PMID- 3911876 TI - [Drug resistance of malarial parasites and the methods for its determination]. AB - The problem of drug resistance of Plasmodium falciparum, the causative agent of tropical malaria and its role in the general system of malaria control are discussed. The aspects of distribution of drug resistant strains of P. falciparum and the main principles of determination of the malaria causative agent sensitivity to antimalaria drugs are presented. The determination implies the use of various procedures for performing the tests under clinical conditions in vivo and various modifications of the in vitro tests, as well as estimation of their results. The use of a 48-hour in vitro test provided the revealing of certain advantages of dabequine, a new drug made in the USSR in comparison to chloroquine with respect to drug resistant strains of P. falciparum from the southern areas of Vietnam. The advantages and disadvantages or limitations of every procedure in comparison to the others are indicated and it is shown that the in vivo and in vitro tests are supplementing each other. The known procedures provide the results not earlier than in 24-48 hours which required developing of a rapid procedure. Brief characteristics of a rapid biochemical procedure are presented. This procedure was developed at the E. I. Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology and Tropical Medicine on an experimental model of P. berghei, the causative agent of rodent malaria. It provides the results in 4-5 hours. PMID- 3911877 TI - Randomized, prospective, and double-blind trial of new beta-lactams in the treatment of appendicitis. AB - A prospective, randomized, and double-blind study was conducted with 864 patients operated on for appendicitis. In early cases, including normal and acute appendicitis, one dose of antibiotic was given. The rate of postappendectomy septic complications in patients who received cefotaxime, cefoperazone, or moxalactam was very low (about 3%), and there was no statistical difference between the drugs. For late cases, including gangrenous and perforated appendicitis, the antibiotics were continued for 5 days. Moxalactam decreased significantly the septic complications in these patients when compared with the other two drugs. It is safe, free from serious toxic side effects, and more convenient and easier to administer than combination antibiotic therapy. The main disadvantage of moxalactam is its high cost, but this has to be balanced against the savings in nursing time, the cost of monitoring renal function and serum level when aminoglycosides are used, and the reduced usage and manipulation of infusion sets. PMID- 3911878 TI - Effect of the imidazole derivative lombazole on the ultrastructure of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Candida albicans. AB - Lombazole, an antimicrobial agent of the imidazole class, induced profound ultrastructural changes in Staphylococcus epidermidis and Candida albicans, as observed by freeze fracture electron microscopy. In S. epidermidis cells, the primary effect on ultrastructure was characterized by a distinct change in the morphology of the plasma membrane. Secondary effects of lombazole were cell wall thickening, accumulations of lipidlike material, abnormal cell division, severe change of shape, separation of the plasma membrane from the cell wall, and disruption of cells. The alterations in C. albicans were characterized by the deformation of and a decrease in the number of invaginations in the protoplasmic fracture face and corresponding ridges on the exoplasmic fracture face and by separation of the plasma membrane from the cell wall, leaving a gap which frequently contained small vesicles. Moreover, a considerable thickening of the cell wall occurred at localized regions. These structural alterations are discussed in relation to biochemical changes which may correlate with these phenomena. PMID- 3911880 TI - Randomized comparative study of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and co-trimoxazole in the treatment of acute urinary tract infections in adults. AB - The efficacy and safety of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid were compared with those of co-trimoxazole in the treatment of acute urinary tract infections. A total of 104 patients (mean age, 52 years) with clinical and laboratory evidence of acute urinary tract infection were enrolled in the study. Characteristics and infecting organisms were equivalent in both groups of patients. Escherichia coli was the predominant bacteria pathogen in both groups. Both drugs resulted in clinical improvement in 100% of the patients; bacteriological cure after the termination of therapy was 95% with amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and 83% with co-trimoxazole (P less than 0.001). Side effects were not severe enough to necessitate discontinuation of the antimicrobial agents. Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid is effective and safe therapy for acute urinary tract infections caused by susceptible bacteria. PMID- 3911879 TI - Relevance of serum protein binding of cefoxitin and cefazolin to their activities against Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumonia in rats. AB - An experimental Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumonia in rats was used to study the effect of protein binding of cefoxitin and cefazolin on their therapeutic activity. Both cephalosporins were similar with respect to their antimicrobial activity against the K. pneumoniae in vitro, but they differed in their degree of protein binding, being 34% for cefoxitin and 89 to 93% for cefazolin in uninfected rats and 24 and 71 to 83%, respectively, in infected rats. Various doses of these agents were administered by continuous infusion, which started 5 h after bacterial inoculation and continued for 65 h. Antimicrobial response was evaluated with respect to the numbers of bacteria recovered from lung and blood at the end of treatment. An inhibitory effect of protein binding on the in vivo antimicrobial activity was demonstrated. Cefoxitin was therapeutically effective at a constant plasma level that reached the MIC. To obtain a similar effect with cefazolin the plasma level of that drug had to be increased to a concentration more than three times the MIC. PMID- 3911881 TI - Elimination of plasmids by new 4-quinolones. AB - Nalidixic acid and six of the new 4-quinolones eliminated F'lac and various native R plasmids from Escherichia coli at one half or one quarter the MIC. Four of eight plasmids tested were cured by all derivatives, with frequencies from 10 to 98%. Quinolones did not eliminate all plasmids that were cured by novobiocin, and vice versa. PMID- 3911882 TI - beta-Lactamases and beta-lactam resistance in Escherichia coli. AB - Escherichia coli strains determining 17 different plasmid-determined beta lactamases were tested for resistance to new broad-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotics. Several beta-lactamases demonstrated enhanced resistance to cefamandole but only low-level resistance to other agents. High production of cloned E. coli chromosomal beta-lactamase, however, provided resistance to cefamandole, cefoxitin, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, and aztreonam but not to BMY 28142 or imipenem. PMID- 3911883 TI - Pharmacokinetics of ceftazidime in elderly volunteers. AB - The pharmacokinetics of ceftazidime after a 1-g bolus dose were studied in six elderly volunteers and 12 young subjects. Serum and urine samples were collected in serial order for 24 h and assayed by high-pressure liquid chromatography. The ceftazidime renal clearance was reduced in elderly subjects, a symptom related to normal aging of the kidneys. The decrease in volume of distribution in the elderly group may be explained by a reduction in total body water and an increase in fat tissue. Dosage adjustment is probably not necessary for otherwise healthy elderly patients requiring ceftazidime. PMID- 3911884 TI - Bacteria and yeasts as possible candidates for the production of inulinases and levanases. PMID- 3911886 TI - Effect of long-term insulin on body weight and food intake: intravenous versus intraperitoneal routes. AB - The effects of continuous intravenous (i.v.) or intraperitoneal (i.p.) infusion of regular insulin on food intake (FI) and body weight (BW) were examined. When rats were infused i.v. with insulin at 0.2 IU/h for 14 days, BW increased until the 10th day and then plateaued, whereas FI was augmented until the end of treatment. The 24-h hyperphagia was mainly due to a diurnal increase in FI- resulting mainly from a large augmentation in meal number, with unchanged meal size. Nocturnal meal number increased and meal size decreased so that nocturnal FI was not affected. At the cessation of infusion, rats became hypophagic and lost weight. Another group of animals, infused with a lower dose (0.1 IU/h), showed that the increases in BW and FI were dose-dependent. Insulin infused (0.2 IU/h) for 14 days via an i.p. catheter increased FI and BW. The 24-h increase in FI was again mainly due to an enhanced diurnal intake, but at the cessation of insulin infusion rats did not lose BW. In rats infused with insulin at 0.1 IU/h for 14 days, BW and FI did not increase. In rats infused via an implanted minipump with insulin at 0.1 IU/h for 7 days, however, BW increased significantly over controls for the first 3 days, without any significant change in FI, the discrepancy between results observed here and other results is discussed, these effects suggest a relative ineffectiveness of the i.p. route compared to i.v. PMID- 3911885 TI - Pathways of glucose catabolism and the origin and metabolism of pyruvate during calcium-induced conidiation of Penicillium notatum. AB - Experiments examined the metabolic basis of Ca2+-induced conidiation during the 12-h period following the addition of Ca2+ to 40-h vegetative cultures of Penicillium notatum. Vegetative mycelium had enzymic capacity for three routes of glucose catabolism viz. the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas (EMP), pentose phosphate (PP) and the Entner-Doudoroff (ED) sequences. Inhibitors of EMP enzymes restricted vegetative growth more than that associated with conidiation whilst arsenate augmented the limited capacity of lower levels of Ca2+ to promote conidiation. Arsenite (5.6 mmol . l-1) partially blocked the metabolism of pyruvate and caused its accumulation, which was also promoted by Ca2+ alone. Arsenite did not induce conidiation in vegetative cultures but when combined with Ca2+ it enhanced conidiation. Radiorespirometry and the analysis of accumulated pyruvate, promoted by arsenite, indicated that approximately 54% of carbon was catabolized via combined EMP/ED routes and 46% by the PP pathway and subsequently via a weakly functional TCA cycle. Calcium-induced cultures swung to a primarily ED (25%) and PP (75%) based catabolism with low substrate level phosphorylation, including a facility for a non-phosphorylative ED route, and further diminished oxidative TCA capacity. Pyruvate accumulation in Ca2+-induced cultures coincided with the decline in activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase and a reduced capacity for gluconeogenesis, with other enzymes of pyruvate metabolism showing altered activities. These changes in enzyme activities, pyruvate accumulation and its subsequent metabolism were related to growth rate and the developmental cycle, and are discussed in conjunction with the regulatory role of calcium. PMID- 3911887 TI - What we know and don't know about the development of independent ingestion in rats. AB - Because suckling behavior differs in many ways from later ingestive behavior, the development of feeding and drinking in rats is best studied apart from the normal suckling situation. Newborn rat pups, separated from their mothers, will actively ingest diet infused into their mouths or spread on the floor beneath them. Such "independent" ingestion resembles the ingestive behavior of adult animals, but it also undergoes developmental changes in organization and control during the pre- and post-weaning periods: When young, deprived pups are fed, they show generalized, non-directed behavioral excitement; but with increasing age, this generalized responding matures into directed and focused ingestive activity. Early independent ingestion depends on a warm test environment; but with development, other familiar environmental and social cues come to influence responding. The internal controls of ingestion also change. Only gastric distension and hydrational status seem to be involved in controlling intake volume during early ingestion, with other ingestive controls emerging later in development. Thus ingestion, independent of suckling from the mother, is a system undergoing revealing developmental changes. These changes offer opportunities for studying ingestion, its controls, and its neural basis at its simplest organizational stage in the newborn, and at higher levels of complexity as maturation adds new components to the feeding system. PMID- 3911888 TI - Congenital and experiential factors in the development of human flavor preferences. AB - Experimental modifications of congenitally based human responses to taste stimuli are being evaluated during the first few years of life. Sweet- and salty-tasting substances form the focus of our research. Prior studies indicate that human preference for sweet substances is innate whereas need-free acceptance of salty tasting substances has been thought to be learned. Our recent studies indicate that ingestive expression of the innate preference for sweet tasting substances may be subject to modification quite early in life, although the effects of experiences are specific to the particular food context in which sweet is experienced. A sense of what should and should not be sweet, rather than a generalized hedonic responsiveness to sweetness itself, appears to be shaped through dietary experience. In studies with salt (NaCl), our data reveal two distinct changes in the acceptance of near-isotonic salt solutions during early development. The first is a shift from indifference to relative (to water) preference which appears around 4 months of age. We hypothesize this is due to maturation rather than learning. The second shift is one from relative acceptance to relative rejection which is variable in its time of appearance (although it occurs by 2 to 3 years of age in populations we have studied) and is probably due in part to the development of neophobia in conjunction with a lack of experience with salty water. We suggest that in the absence of need, the appeal of both sweet- and salty-tasting substances, in large part at least, is innately determined. Dietary experience during development determines the appropriate food related contexts for these appealing tastes. PMID- 3911889 TI - Comparing taste-elicited behaviors in adult and neonatal rats. AB - Both rat pup and adult emit discriminative responses to taste stimuli. Similarities and differences in taste-elicited behaviors exist, yet it is too early to fully compare pup and adult behavior, since much data remains to be collected. We have proposed a set of criteria which permit a comparison of the neural substrates of taste-elicited behaviors common to both pup and adult. Application of these criteria to existing data reveal that some components of the adult response to tastes are indeed present in the pup. However, if these criteria are to shed light on the neural organization of taste-elicited behavior, tests and measures must be made more comparable, and it is our hope that these criteria will guide further experimentation. PMID- 3911890 TI - Stimulus control of eating: implications for a two-factor theory of hunger. PMID- 3911891 TI - Nucleic acid technology. Patents and literature. PMID- 3911892 TI - Bioreactor for the study of defined interactions of toxic metals and biofilms. AB - A novel bioreactor system constructed for studies of the interactions of heavy metals and microbial cells at the solid-solution interface is described. The applicability of this experimental system to meet the severe constraints imposed on such an apparatus by the requirements for an unambiguous interpretation of data and for mathematical modeling of these interactions was explored with the trace metal lead and with the marine bacterium Pseudomonas atlantica. A chemically defined medium composed of the major components of seawater, simple salts required for growth, glucose, and the single amino acid glycine was derived. It supported a maximum growth rate several times less than that in a complex medium, but provided growth to high cell densities and the formation of biopolymer and supported the development of a monolayer biofilm. The use of such a medium in conjunction with our bioreactor system minimized trace metal contamination while allowing quantification of the partitioning of lead onto various reactor surfaces. Lead adsorption by reactor walls and model surfaces was linear with equilibrium led concentration up to 6 X 10(-6) mol/liter. Equilibrium lead adsorption due to P. atlantica biofilm surfaces ranged from 20 to 40% at a total lead concentration of 10(-6) mol/liter depending upon solution pH and ionic composition, indicating that biofilms can play an important role in controlling toxic metal concentrations in natural systems. PMID- 3911893 TI - Disinfecting capabilities of oxychlorine compounds. AB - The bacterial virus f2 was inactivated by chlorine dioxide at acidic, neutral, and alkaline pH values. The rate of inactivation increased with increasing pH. Chlorine dioxide disproportionation products, chlorite and chlorate, were not active disinfectants. As chlorine dioxide solutions were degraded under alkaline conditions, they displayed reduced viricidal effectiveness, thereby confirming the chlorine dioxide free radical as the active disinfecting species. PMID- 3911894 TI - Synthetic oligodeoxyribonucleotide probes for detecting heat-stable enterotoxin producing Escherichia coli by DNA colony hybridization. AB - DNA colony hybridization was used to identify and enumerate enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains in foods. The cells were identified and enumerated by using synthetic polynucleotide probes for the heat-stable enterotoxin genes. These 22-base oligonucleotides, made from known nucleotide sequences of the genes for the heat-stable enterotoxins of human and porcine strains of E. coli, contain two mismatches between the two heat-stable enterotoxins. Colonies were replicated from agar medium onto paper filters and lysed with alkali followed by steam; probes were end labeled. After overnight hybridization at 40 degrees C and washing at 50 degrees C, autoradiograms were exposed at -70 degrees C. Results were consistent with suckling-mouse tests for heat-stable enterotoxins. A stronger signal was obtained on paper filters than on nitrocellulose filters. Enterotoxigenic E. coli cells were detected when mixed with a 1,000-fold excess of nonenterotoxigenic E. coli cells. This procedure appears to be more acceptable for routine testing than the use of cloned DNA fragments, labeling by nick translation, and lysing colonies on nitrocellulose filters. PMID- 3911895 TI - Phenotype character of the methylglyoxal resistance gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: expression in Escherichia coli and application to breeding wild-type yeast strains. AB - The gene responsible for the methylglyoxal resistance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was cloned, and its phenotypic characteristics were investigated. S. cerevisiae cells with the gene could accumulate large amounts of glutathione in the medium and should remarkably high resistance to various toxic compounds such as methylglyoxal, tetramethylthiuram disulfide, iodoacetamide, and heavy-metal ions. The gene was also expressed in Escherichia coli cells, and the resistance of E. coli cells to toxic compounds also increased as observed for S. cerevisiae cells. The phenotypic characteristics of the gene were applicable to the selection of the transformants of wild-type yeast strains having no genetic markers. PMID- 3911896 TI - Characterization of dysgonic, heterotrophic bacteria from drinking water. AB - Only a small percentage of the heterotrophic bacteria encountered in water distribution systems are identifiable, because of these organisms fail to grow on the conventional media used for biochemical characterization. Organisms that would not subculture from the same standard plate count agar used for initial isolation were successfully subcultured on a low-nutrient medium, R3A. These cultures were then inoculated to a modified O/F base medium containing specific substrates. This, combined with a lower incubation temperature (30 degrees C), increased the enzymatic activity of many of the organisms. These reactions established a groundwork for tentative taxonomy. PMID- 3911897 TI - X-ray microanalytic method for measurement of dry matter and elemental content of individual bacteria. AB - A method for the determination of dry matter and elemental content of individual bacterial cells is described. The method is based on energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis in a transmission electron microscope. A theory for area correction of intensity is developed. Escherichia coli in the late exponential phase of growth and early stationary phase (glucose limited) had an average dry matter content of 278 and 154 fg/cell, respectively. Of the elements detected, sodium, magnesium, phosphorus, sulphur, chlorine, potassium, and calcium together made up 15 to 17% of the dry matter content. A phosphorus content of 4.2 to 5.4% of the dry matter was found in these cells. Volume measurements of air-dried cells gave an average of 1.20 to 1.25 micron3. These results emphasize that dry matter content and elemental composition can be measured directly on single cells from complex microbial communities. PMID- 3911898 TI - Detoxification of mercury, cadmium, and lead in Klebsiella aerogenes NCTC 418 growing in continuous culture. AB - Klebsiella aerogenes NCTC 418 growing in the presence of cadmium under glucose-, sulfate-, or phosphate-limited conditions in continuous culture exhibited sulfide formation and Pi accumulation as the only demonstrable detoxification mechanisms. In the presence of mercury under similar conditions only HgS formation could be confirmed, by an increased sensitivity to mercury under sulfate-limited conditions, among others. The fact that the cells were most sensitive to cadmium under conditions of phosphate limitation and most sensitive to mercury under conditions of sulfate limitation led to the hypothesis that these inorganic detoxification mechanisms generally depended on a kind of "facilitated precipitation". The process was coined thus because heavy metals were probably accumulated and precipitated near the cell perimeter due to the relatively high local concentrations of sulfide and phosphate there. Depending on the growth limiting nutrient, mercury proved to be 25-fold (phosphate limitation), 75-fold (glycerol limitation), or 150-fold (sulfate limitation) more toxic than cadmium to this organism. In the presence of lead, PbS formation was suggested. Since no other detoxification mechanisms were detected, for example, rendering heavy metal ions innocuous as metallo-organic compounds, it was concluded that formation of heavy metal precipitates is crucially important to this organism. In addition, it was observed that several components of a defined mineral medium were able to reduce mercuric ions to elemental mercury. This abiotic mercury volatilization was studied in detail, and its general and environmental implications are discussed. PMID- 3911899 TI - Molecular analysis confirms food source and simultaneous involvement of two distinct but related subgroups of Salmonella typhimurium bacteriophage type 10 in major interprovincial Salmonella outbreak. AB - More than 2,000 confirmed cases of food poisoning occurred in the four Atlantic provinces of Canada and in Ontario during the second and third quarters of 1984. Salmonella typhimurium phage type 10 was identified as the etiologic agent, and cheddar cheese was implicated as the source of infection. Strains isolated from infected humans and from cheese were indistinguishable by biotyping, antibiotic resistance typing, and phage typing. Plasmid analysis confirmed cheese as the source of infection and revealed the presence of two molecular subgroups of bacteriophage type 10. Group I strains carried 57-, 22.3-, and 3.4-kilobase (kb) plasmids; group II strains carried 57-, 4.6-, and 3.4-kb plasmids. Digestion with endonucleases HaeIII, HpaII, and AvaIII indicated that the 3.4-kb plasmids were identical. This outbreak was, therefore, caused by a mixed infection with two distinct but related bacteria. Group I strains are fairly common among Canadian S. typhimurium phage type 10 isolates, whereas group II strains appeared to be unique to this outbreak. PMID- 3911900 TI - Agar overlay method to measure adherence of Staphylococcus epidermidis to four plastic surfaces. AB - The comparative adherence of seven strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis to plastic surfaces was measured by an agar overlay technique in which adherent organisms were counted by their ability to form colonies under an agar overlay. The degree of adherence to plastics decreased in the order polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, Silastic, and polytetrafluoroethylene. PMID- 3911901 TI - Effect of the rehydration medium on the recovery of freeze-dried lactic acid bacteria. AB - Sixteen cultures of lactic acid bacteria were freeze-dried in 10% nonfat skim milk plus 0.75 M adonitol and rehydrated by using different rehydration media. Marked variations in their capacity to repair cellular damage after freeze-drying were observed among the species and strains under consideration. PMID- 3911902 TI - Endotoxin removal by charge-modified filters. AB - The effects of positively charged nylon and depth (cellulose-diatomaceous earth) filters on endotoxin removal from various solutions were evaluated. The charged filter media removed significant amounts of Escherichia coli and natural endotoxin from tap water, distilled water, sugars, and NaCl solutions; no significant removal of endotoxin was observed with negatively charged filter media. The extent of removal was influenced by pH, the presence of salts, and organic matter. Such media may be useful for the control of endotoxins in raw product water or solutions used to prepare parenteral drug products or in other fluids where endotoxin control is desired. PMID- 3911903 TI - Growth and persistence of pathogens on granular activated carbon filters. AB - Three enteric pathogens Yersinia enterocolitica O:8, Salmonella typhimurium, and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, were examined for their ability to colonize granular activated carbon (GAC) in pure cultures and in the presence of autochthonous river water organisms. All three organisms readily colonized sterile GAC and maintained populations of ca. 10(5) to 10(7) CFU g-1 for 14 days when suspended in sterile river water. Exposure of pathogen biofilms on GAC to unsterile river water resulted in a gradual decline in pathogens on the carbon (0.08 to 0.14 log day-1). When pathogens were introduced to sterile GAC in the presence of heterotrophic plate count organisms, they attached at levels similar to those in the pure cultures and then decreased (0.10 to 0.22 log day-1). When added with heterotrophic plate count bacteria to GAC supporting a mature biofilm of native river water bacteria, they attached at a lower level (1.0 X 10(4) to 4.6 X 10(4) CFU g-1) and decreased at a more rapid rate (0.11 to 0.70 log day-1). PMID- 3911904 TI - Fluorogenic assay for rapid detection of Escherichia coli in food. AB - An assay procedure to screen for Escherichia coli in foods by using 4 methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-glucuronide (MUG) incorporated into lauryl tryptose (LST) broth was evaluated. The beta-glucuronidase produced by E. coli cleaves the MUG substrate to yield a fluorescent end product. E. coli-negative samples can be identified by lack of fluorescence in LST-MUG within 24 h. MUG was not inhibitory to coliforms and E. coli. Over 1,400 food and dairy samples were tested to compare the standard three-tube most-probable-number procedure with the MUG containing or non-MUG-containing LST procedure. LST-MUG testing detected a greater number of E. coli, with a lower false-positive rate (1.4%) and in a shorter time, than did the standard procedure. All false-positive results in the LST-MUG testing were attributable to beta-glucuronidase-producing staphylococci. No false-negative result was encountered. Use of MUG in LST broth obviates the EC broth step, allowing a 2.5-day procedure to a completed E. coli test versus the present 4- to 6-day standard most-probable-number method. PMID- 3911905 TI - Use of cloned genes of Pseudomonas TOL plasmid to effect biotransformation of benzoates to cis-dihydrodiols and catechols by Escherichia coli cells. AB - DNA fragments containing the xylD and xylL genes, which specify the broad specificity enzymes toluate-1,2-dioxygenase and 3,5-cyclohexadiene-1,2-diol-1 carboxylic acid dehydrogenase, respectively, of TOL plasmid pWW0-161 of Pseudomonas putida have previously been cloned in the pBR322 vector plasmid (P.R. Lehrbach, J. Zeyer, W. Reinecke, H.-J. Knackmuss, and K. N. Timmis, J. Bacteriol. 158:1025-1032, 1984). In this study, Escherichia coli cells containing hybrid plasmids carrying the cloned xylD or xylDL genes quantitatively transformed 14C ring- and 14C-carboxy-labeled benzoate to the pathway intermediates 3,5 cyclohexadiene-1,2-diol-1-carboxylic acid (cis-dihydrodiol) and catechol, respectively. Like P. putida cells, E. coli cells containing the xylD gene transformed a variety of chloro- and hydrocarbon-substituted benzoates. The toluate-1,2-dioxygenase produced in E. coli thus exhibited the broad-substrate specificity properties of the enzyme in P. putida. Turnover rates by the enzymes in these two bacteria are compared. PMID- 3911906 TI - Use of immunofluorescence and phase-contrast microscopy for detection and identification of Giardia cysts in water samples. AB - A method was developed in which indirect immunofluorescence and phase-contrast microscopy are used for rapid detection and identification of Giardia cysts in raw and finished water supplies. When anti-Giardia cyst antiserum and fluorescein conjugate were applied to known Giardia cysts on membrane filters, the cysts fluoresced bright green when they were illuminated by UV light. This procedure permitted individual cysts to be quickly located even in samples heavily contaminated with other microorganisms and debris. The identity of presumptive Giardia cysts located in this way could then be confirmed by observing characteristic internal morphological features with phase-contrast microscopy. With this method, Giardia cysts were detected and their identities were confirmed in samples taken from raw and finished surface water supplies during several recent outbreaks. PMID- 3911907 TI - Optimizing aerobic conversion of glycerol to 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde. AB - When cells of Klebsiella pneumoniae NRRL B-199 (ATCC 8724) were grown aerobically on a rich glycerol medium and then suspended in buffer supplemented with semicarbazide and glycerol, aerobic conversion of glycerol to 3 hydroxypropionaldehyde (3-HPA) ensued. Depending on conditions, 0.38 to 0.67 g of 3-HPA were formed per gram of glycerol consumed. This means that up to 83.8% of the carbon invested as glycerol could potentially be recovered as the target product, 3-HPA. Production of 3-HPA was sensitive to the age of cells harvested for resuspension and was nonexistent if cells were cultivated on glucose instead of glycerol as the sole carbon source. Compared with 24- and 72-h cells, 48-h cells produced 3-HPA at the highest rate and with the greatest yield. The cell biomass concentration present during the fermentation was never particularly critical to the 3-HPA yield, but initial fermentation rates and 3-HPA accumulation displayed a linear dependence on biomass concentration that faded when biomass exceeded 3 g/liter. Fermentation performance was a function of temperature, and an optimum initial specific 3-HPA productivity occurred at 32 degrees C, although the overall 3-HPA yield increased continuously within the 25 to 37 degrees C range studied. The pH optimum based on fermentation rate was different from that based on overall yield; 8 versus 7, respectively. Initial glycerol concentrations in the 20 to 50 g/liter range optimized initial 3-HPA productivity and yield. PMID- 3911908 TI - Studies on the sensitivity and specificity of the Limulus amebocyte lysate test and rabbit pyrogen assays. AB - The sensitivity and specificity of the Limulus amebocyte lysate test and rabbit pyrogen assay were studied by means of artificially contaminated parenterals. Various gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial strains were used as was one strain of the yeast Candida albicans. The numbers of organisms needed to elicit positive responses in distilled water and normal saline were recorded and compared. The sensitivity and specificity of the Limulus amebocyte lysate assay for the detection of bacterial endotoxin from gram-negative bacteria were demonstrated. Variable results were recorded with gram-positive bacteria and Candida albicans. PMID- 3911909 TI - Preparation and testing of an autolysate of fish viscera as growth substrate for bacteria. AB - The aqueous soluble phase of acidified and autolyzed fish viscera was used as the nitrogen source in a growth medium for bacteria. The bacteria tested grew faster and produced higher yields of cell mass on this growth medium than on corresponding media with standard tryptone preparations as the nitrogen source. PMID- 3911911 TI - Lesions in the neonatal brain. PMID- 3911910 TI - Insulin dependent diabetes in under 5 year olds. AB - Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus presenting in children under five years old exhibits several clinical and management features that differ from diabetes presenting in older children. In this review of the current population of the Oxford children's diabetes clinic, children with diabetes diagnosed aged 0- less than 5 years are compared with those diagnosed aged 5- less than 10 years to illustrate these differences. The mean annual age specific incidence of diabetes for children aged 0- less than 5 is 9.9/100 000 compared with 13.8/100 000 for the children diagnosed aged 5- less than 10. Although children with diabetes currently aged less than 5 comprise only 8% of the clinic population, such children ultimately make up 41% of the total number of children with diabetes aged under 15 attending the clinic. Diabetes diagnosed in children under the age of 5 seems to have increased in incidence over the past 10 years, exhibits a male preponderence (1.5:1), and shows an unusual seasonal variation in incidence with an autumn/early winter trough, late winter/early spring peak, and the absence of mid-summer trough seen in other age groups. First degree family history was positive in 16% of children diagnosed under the age of 5 compared with 10% of the group diagnosed aged 5- less than 10. In none of these children was the mother the affected relative. PMID- 3911912 TI - [Multilocular cyst or renal cystadenoma with intrapelvic hernia. Study of a case and review of the literature]. PMID- 3911914 TI - [French Society of Hand Surgery (GEM). 1985 list of members]. PMID- 3911913 TI - [Immunohistological demonstration of myoglobin in striated muscle tumors]. PMID- 3911915 TI - [Belgian Society of Hand Surgery " Belgian hand group". 1985 list of members]. PMID- 3911916 TI - [Swiss Society of Hand Surgery. 1985 list of members]. PMID- 3911917 TI - [Canadian Society of Hand Surgery "Manus". 1984 list of members]. PMID- 3911918 TI - [Pierre Nicolle (1898-1984)]. PMID- 3911919 TI - [A new plasminogen activator isolated from the saliva of Rhapactor biparticeps (Heteroptera, Reduviidae): biological and physicochemical properties]. AB - A new plasminogen activator has been isolated from the saliva of Rhapactor biparticeps. This product is 5% of salivary proteins and acts at an optimal pH of 7.8.P.D.F which results from its action on human fibrinogen are similar to those which are obtained with streptokinase. The modalities of action of this plasminogen activator on the fibrinogen are discussed. PMID- 3911920 TI - [Odontological contribution to the identification of concentration camp physician Josef Mengele]. AB - The body which had been exhumed from a graveyard in Embu (Brazil) on June 6th was investigated by forensic experts. The comparison of the post-mortem dental findings and jaw bones with ante-mortem data of Josef Mengele, physician of the concentration camp of Auschwitz, makes evident, that there is positive identity by high probability. PMID- 3911922 TI - Influence of ethanol induction on the metabolic activation of genotoxic agents by isolated rat hepatocytes. AB - The effects of ethanol-feeding to rats, over a 6-week period, on the activation of genotoxic compounds of different chemical classes, requiring metabolic conversion to exert their mutagenic activity, were studied in isolated rat hepatocytes. The influence of such treatment on cytochrome P-450 content and N acetylation in isolated hepatocytes was also investigated. Benzidine (BZ), dimethylnitrosamine (DMN), diethylnitrosamine (DEN), isoniazid (INH) and cyclophosphamide (CP) were more effectively activated to products mutagenic towards Salmonella typhimurium by hepatocytes from ethanol-pretreated rats than by hepatocytes from controls. The mutagenic potency of 2-aminofluorene (2-AF) and 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) was not influenced by ethanol pretreatment. Ethanol consumption was found to be associated with increased cytochrome P-450 content and enhanced N-acetylation in the isolated hepatocytes. Our results support the hypothesis that an alteration of the hepatic drug-metabolizing system may be responsible for the ethanol-induced increase in susceptibility to certain genotoxic compounds. PMID- 3911921 TI - Comparison of computed tomography and digital subtraction angiography of preoperative evaluation of soft-tissue tumors of the limbs. AB - The preoperative results of computed tomography (CT) (n = 59) and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) (n = 14) were compared with the intraoperative site and the pathological histological finding. The tumor was correctly estimated by CT in 69% (difference less than 20%), and overestimated in 31% (difference greater than 20%). The superiority of CT consisted in the visualization of intratumor alterations and the representation of the muscle compartments concerned and of the spatial relationship of the tumor to the bone and large vessels. Specific morphological CT criteria were found only in rhabdomyosarcoma and liposarcoma. Unequivocial preoperative appraisals with regard to the histological finding to be expected were possible only in the case of lipoma. DSA was helpful for evaluation of vascular involvement and vascularization. The technique contributed to differential diagnosis (malignant-benign) in only 70%. In peripheral soft-tissue tumors (lower leg, forearm), arterial DSA is preferable to venous DSA. Angiography should be employed after the CT investigation and reserved for specific cases. PMID- 3911923 TI - [A clinical evaluation of the effectiveness of hyposensitization in bronchial asthma induced by Candida albicans]. PMID- 3911924 TI - [Hematopoietic changes during fractional large-field irradiation of dogs with a subsequent bone marrow autograft]. AB - After the course of fractional large field irradiation of large volumes of bone marrow is completed (a total dose of 54 Cy), autotransplantation from the nonirradiated area of bone marrow contributes to a quicker restoration of blood cells amount injured at early stages after irradiation. The complete restoration of haemopoiesis is observed in a year, and in animals with automyelotransplantation--after a half of the year and remains at the same level for 3 years. PMID- 3911926 TI - Captopril in severe and refractory hypertension. PMID- 3911925 TI - [Quantitative research methods in the differential diagnosis of dysplastic processes and tumors of various types of histogenesis]. AB - Complex morphological and morphometrical study of 71 connective tissue, 95 smooth muscle and 90 epithelial tumours is performed; high efficiency of quantitative methods in differential diagnosis of dysplasia and tumours is demonstrated. Quantitative criteria reflect objectively the qualitative changes taking place in the process of malignization in the parenchyma and stroma. Histogenetic verification of a tumour must precede the use of quantitative methods. A wide introduction into practice of a multifactorial quantitative analysis is possible on the basis of the automatized numerical analysis of images. PMID- 3911927 TI - [Immediate and long-term antihypertensive effects of nifedipine in mild and moderate hypertension]. PMID- 3911928 TI - [ELISA (IgG and IgM) of the CSF and serum in neurocysticercosis under treatment with praziquantel: comparison with complement fixation reactions and immunofluorescence]. AB - Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum samples of 10 patients with neurocysticercosis under treatment by praziquantel were studied in four occasions: before treatment (day 0) and during treatment on three occasions (days 1, 7 and 21). The immunological reaction analyzed were: ELISA-G and ELISA-M; immunofluorescence-G and immunofluorescence-M; complement fixation. The changes and the variability of results observed through these reactions in this study bring new data that confirm neuroimmunological findings already described in the disease. Acute phase response was found in CSF in 6 cases and only in one case in serum by ELISA-M and immunofluorescence-M. ELISA-G in CSF and serum showed a better sensitivity than the other reactions for diagnosis and for follow-up. Emphasis is given to the importance of the simultaneous realization of several immunological reactions in CSF and serum in patients with neurocysticercosis. PMID- 3911929 TI - Comparative profiles of the hexose monophosphate dehydrogenases in rat tissues over the lactation cycle. AB - The mammary gland tissue hexose monophosphate dehydrogenase activities were low in virgin, pregnant and weaned rats, but increased at the onset of lactation. The muscle and liver glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity peaked at early and late lactation respectively. The liver 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase peaked in late pregnancy and remained elevated through lactation. The muscle 6 phosphogluconate dehydrogenase peaked at the onset of lactation. The adipose tissue hexose monophosphate dehydrogenases exhibited small changes during pregnancy and lactation. The spleen hexose monophosphate dehydrogenases did not respond to lactation An overshoot in both the liver and the adipose tissue hexose monophosphate dehydrogenases was observed on weaning. Serum glucose levels remained unchanged throughout pregnancy, lactation and weaning. Only liver glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity correlated with plasma insulin, which also correlated positively with food consumption. The results demonstrate that tissue-specific control of the hexose monophosphate dehydrogenases occurs in the female rat during its complete lactation cycle. PMID- 3911930 TI - In vitro lymphokine release by lymphocytes from mice infected with Salmonella. AB - Lymphocytes generated in mice by infection with Salmonella enteritidis 11RX release interleukin 2 and macrophage activation factor upon subsequent in vitro culture with bacterial antigens. Lymphokine release requires the co-culture of non-adherent sensitized Lyt 1+2- T cells and adherent metabolically active accessory cells; the interaction between these two populations is restricted by the H-2 I-A locus. Following systemic immunization with the 11RX strain, the two lymphokines are produced in parallel by peritoneal cells, whereas spleen cells primarily release macrophage activation factor. PMID- 3911931 TI - Analysis of patterns of growth inhibition of P. falciparum in synchronised cultures induced by serum from children and adults from Madang, Papua New Guinea. AB - In this study we have modified a micro Plasmodium falciparum in vitro growth inhibition assay to allow dissection of growth inhibition induced by test sera into two categories: inhibition of intracellular schizont growth and inhibition of uptake of merozoites into a second cohort of erythrocytes. This was achieved using morphology-controlled synchronised cultures with incubation times restricted to cover either ring to schizont development or schizont to ring development. Sera tested were obtained from a large prospective study of healthy residents of Madang, Papua New Guinea, who were carefully documented with respect to presence of malarial parasites in the blood, spleen size, age, sex and history of fever. In the ring to schizont assay sera from all the children tested inhibited parasitic growth by at least 20%, compared to only 10 of 39 adults tested (P less than 0.0005). In the schizont to ring assay 20 of 39 adult sera tested inhibited the uptake of 14C-isoleucine into P. falciparum protein compared to 3 of the 15 children's sera tested (P less than 0.01). These results are interpreted as reflecting a switch from non-specific mechanisms of resistance with increasing age. PMID- 3911933 TI - Reflux nephropathy. AB - "Reflux nephropathy" has virtually replaced "chronic atrophic pyelonephritis" as the term used to cover a common disease characterised by renal scarring and recurrent urine infection and occurring particularly in children and women. The disease originates with vesicoureteric reflux in infancy, with scarring developing in the areas of kidney where intrarenal reflux occurs, owing to coincident maldevelopment of the usual valve-like orifices of papillary ducts. Urine infection plays an important role in both the pathogenesis of scars and the clinical picture of the disease, and is largely responsible for the preponderance of females diagnosed after the first year of life. The important features of management are detection and early treatment of urine infection and hypertension. With passage of time a complicating glomerular lesion, focal and segmental hyalinosis, and sclerosis develop in some patients and result in slow deterioration of renal function to end-stage renal failure over ten to 20 years. It is possible that low-protein diets may delay this process. With better understanding of the natural history of this disease there has been a swing to repair of reflux in only highly selected cases and an overall emphasis on medical management of this disease. PMID- 3911932 TI - Bronchoalveolar lavage. AB - Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is a relatively new technique for assessment of the alveolar compartment of the lung. Its current clinical applications are the initial assessment of acute and chronic diffuse interstitial lung disease and the diagnosis of pulmonary infections, especially in the immunocompromised host. In addition, BAL provides information on the pathophysiology of diffuse interstitial lung disease. Future studies of BAL fluids should confirm its use in the prognostic assessment of diffuse interstitial lung diseases and in the assessment of effects of therapy. PMID- 3911934 TI - Herbicides and congenital malformations: a review for the paediatrician. AB - The herbicides 2, 4, 5-T and 2, 4-D are relatively non-toxic to primates, in acute exposure. Dioxins, which have occurred as impurities in these two herbicides, manifest universal biological toxicity. The best understood dioxin TCDD, has, in susceptible strains of mice, a very low teratogenic minimal effective dose of 1-10 micrograms/kg. This fact has engendered an era of uncertainty about the potential teratogenic effects of herbicides, in the context of potential human exposure. This paper reviews current knowledge concerning herbicide teratogenesis following maternal exposure. Because of species specificity of teratogenic agents, it is not possible to extrapolate from effects in lower animals to potential effects in humans. It remains a fact however that all proven human teratogens have parallel animal models. Following maternal exposure to herbicides and to dioxins, it has not been possible to produce teratogenic effects in primates, although fertility may be affected. Epidemiological reports from Hungary, Italy (the ICMESA accident), New Zealand, the United States, Europe and Australia have not revealed any positive evidence to indicate that a human herbicide teratogenic syndrome exists. PMID- 3911935 TI - Immunosuppressive therapy for diabetes mellitus. PMID- 3911936 TI - Cranial ultrasonography as a diagnostic and predictive tool in neonatal periventricular haemorrhage. PMID- 3911937 TI - The diagnosis of periventricular leukomalacia. PMID- 3911938 TI - Mortality and two year outcome of infants of birthweight 500-1500 g: relationship with neonatal cerebral ultrasound data. AB - Cranial ultrasounds were performed on 218 (96%) of 227 liveborn infants of birthweight 500-1500 g delivered in the Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia, in an 18-month period concluding in March 1982. Seventy-two (31.7%) of the children died; 28 children (38.9%) had cerebroventricular haemorrhage, 35 (48.6%) showed no bleeding and there were nine (12.5%) with no data. Paired necropsy and ultrasound data were congruent in 22 (88%) of 25 children. One hundred and forty-eight (95.5%) of 155 survivors were seen at 2 years of age. Forty-one (28%) had cerebroventricular haemorrhage; nine children (6%) had both ventricular dilatation and haemorrhage and two had ventricular dilatation alone. Apart from a marginal advance in gestation and higher number of immigrant and less educated mothers in children without cerebroventricular haemorrhage, all other perinatal, biographical and social variables between those with haemorrhage and those without were similar. The major handicap rate overall was 14.2% (21 patients). The children with cerebroventricular haemorrhage had a trend for greater prevalence of handicap and lower mean Bayley psychological scores. This was even more evident with ventricular dilatation being present. Of children with major handicap 57.1% (12/21) had normal serial ultrasound findings during their primary hospitalization. Major handicap occurred in 15% (3/20) of children with grade 1 haemorrhage, 23.5% (4/17) with grade 2 or 3 bleeds and 25% (1/4) of those with grade 4 haemorrhage. Laterality of cerebral palsy did not correlate with ultrasound findings. Ultrasound findings did not improve statistical prediction of deaths or major handicap. PMID- 3911940 TI - Clinical studies of glass ionomer cements. Part I--A twelve month clinical study comparing zinc phosphate cement to glass ionomer. PMID- 3911939 TI - Outcome of intrauterine periventricular haemorrhage and leukomalacia. AB - This case study reports five very low birthweight infants with ultrasound evidence of intrauterine insult to the brain. Intrauterine periventricular haemorrhage (PVH) accompanied by ventricular dilation occurred in two preterm infants both of whom survived and were severely handicapped at follow-up. Three preterm infants had intrauterine periventricular leukomalacia (PVL); one survived and is severely handicapped at one year of age. Our experience and rare case reports in the literature indicate that intrauterine PVH and PVL carry a high risk of death in neonatal period and severe neurological sequelae in survivors. PMID- 3911941 TI - Orthodontic bonding--a national survey. Part I--Results and inferences. PMID- 3911942 TI - Some random recollections of the growth and development of orthodontics in New South Wales, and Australia, between 1957 and 1969. PMID- 3911943 TI - [Quantitative determination of the chemotactic activity of extirpated bovine placentomas with special reference to postpartal discharge]. PMID- 3911944 TI - Escherichia coli S-adenosylhomocysteine/5'-methylthioadenosine nucleosidase. Purification, substrate specificity and mechanism of action. AB - S-Adenosylhomocysteine/5'-methylthioadenosine nucleosidase (EC 3.2.2.9) was purified to homogeneity from Escherichia coli to a final specific activity of 373 mumol of 5'-methylthioadenosine cleaved/min per mg of protein. Affinity chromatography on S-formycinylhomocysteine-Sepharose is the key step of the purification procedure. The enzyme, responsible for the cleavage of the glycosidic bond of both S-adenosylhomocysteine and 5'-methylthioadenosine, was partially characterized. The apparent Km for 5'-methylthioadenosine is 0.4 microM, and that for S-adenosylhomocysteine is 4.3 microM. The maximal rate of cleavage of S-adenosylhomocysteine is approx. 40% of that of 5' methylthioadenosine. Some 25 analogues of the two naturally occurring thioethers were studied as potential substrates or inhibitors of the enzyme. Except for the analogues modified in the 5'-position of the ribose moiety or the 2-position of the purine ring, none of the compounds tested was effective as a substrate. Moreover, 5'-methylthioformycin, 5'-chloroformycin, S-formycinylhomocysteine, 5' methylthiotubercidin and S-tubercidinylhomocysteine were powerful inhibitors of the enzyme activity. The results obtained allow the hypothesis of a mechanism of enzymic catalysis requiring as a key step the protonation of N-7 of the purine ring. PMID- 3911945 TI - The use of actin labelled with N-(1-pyrenyl)iodoacetamide to study the interaction of actin with myosin subfragments and troponin/tropomyosin. AB - A pyrene label attached to Cys-374 of actin has been shown to be a useful probe for monitoring the interaction of actin with myosin subfragments [Kouyama & Mihashi (1981) Eur. J. Biochem. 114, 33-38]. We report that the presence of this label decreases the affinity of actin for myosin subfragment 1 by less than a factor of 2. The rate of actin binding is unaffected by the label and the dissociation rate is increased by up to a factor of 2. Both the rate of actin binding to, and the rate of actin dissociation from, heavy meromyosin show two phases when monitored by pyrene fluorescence. Thin filiments reconstituted from pyrene-labelled actin show a 5% increase in pyrene fluorescence on binding Ca2+. PMID- 3911946 TI - Characteristics of lipopolysaccharide interaction with human peripheral-blood monocytes. AB - The interaction between radioiodinated lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli 0111:B4 (125I-LPS) and human peripheral-blood monocytes was studied. The association of 125I-LPS with monocytes at 37 degrees C appeared to depend on binding to the cell membrane with subsequent internalization of the molecule, and was not saturable with time (up to 2 h) or 125I-LPS concentration (up to 10 micrograms/ml). There was no apparent difference in the behaviour of unlabelled LPS and 125I-LPS with respect to monocyte association. 125I-LPS association with monocytes was inhibited by LPS and O-polysaccharide from E. coli 0111:B4 and Salmonella typhi 0901, but not by lipid A or polymyxin B. We propose that the mechanism of human monocyte stimulation by LPS involves polysaccharide-dependent binding to the cell membrane followed by internalization of the LPS molecule. We were unable to demonstrate a specific LPS receptor such as that found on murine B lymphocytes. PMID- 3911947 TI - Production and characterization of antibodies against murine dentine phosphoprotein. AB - Experiments were designed to produce and characterize a polyclonal antibody directed against mouse dentine phosphoprotein, the major non-collagenous protein of the dentine extracellular matrix. Dental extracellular matrix proteins from 2 day-postnatal Swiss-Webster-mouse tooth organs were extracted with 0.5 M-acetic acid, followed by 4 M-guanidinium chloride/0.5 M-EDTA. Mouse dentine phosphoprotein yields were further increased by precipitation with 1 M-CaCl2. Final purification was achieved by excising and eluting dentine phosphoprotein polypeptide bands from preparative sodium dodecyl sulphate/urea/polyacrylamide gels. Mouse dentine phosphoprotein is a single component of approx. 72 kDa and has a characteristic amino acid composition of 33% aspartic acid and 55% serine/phosphoserine. A polyclonal antibody was raised in rabbits against purified mouse dentine phosphoprotein and was shown to be monospecific by enzyme linked immunoabsorbent, dot-immunobinding and 'Western transfer' assays. This antibody was used to detect the expression and localization of dentine phosphoprotein in 1-day-postnatal mouse tooth organs. This antigen was localized intracellularly within the monolayer of odontoblasts, which line the perimeter of the dental papilla mesenchyme, and within the odontoblastic cell processes, which traverse the predentine matrix. Newly forming mineralized dentine matrix was also cross-reactive with the dentine phosphoprotein specific antibody. The non mineralized predentine matrix did not contain any detectable cross-reactive antigens. PMID- 3911948 TI - Antibody-independent interaction between the first component of human complement, C1, and the outer membrane of Escherichia coli D31 m4. AB - The heptoseless mutant of Escherichia coli, E. coli D31 m4, binds C1q and C1 at 0 degrees C and at low ionic strength (I0.07). Under these conditions, the maximum C1q binding averages 3.0 X 10(5) molecules per bacterium, with a Ka of 1.4 X 10(8) M-1. Binding involves the collagen-like region of C1q, as shown by the capacity of C1q pepsin-digest fragments to bind to E. coli D31 m4, and to compete with native C1q. Proenzyme and activated forms of C1 subcomponents C1r and C1s and their Ca2+-dependent association (C1r-C1s)2 do not bind to E. coli D31 m4. In contrast, the C1 complex binds very effectively, with an average fixation of 3.5 X 10(5) molecules per bacterium, and a Ka of 0.25 X 10(8) M-1, both comparable with the values obtained for C1q binding. C1 bound to E. coli D31 m4 undergoes rapid activation at 0 degrees C. The activation process is not affected by C1 inhibitor, and only slightly inhibited by p-nitrophenyl p'-guanidinobenzoate. No turnover of the (C1r-C1s)2 subunit is observed. Once activated, C1 is only partially dissociated by C1-inhibitor. Our observations are in favour of a strong association between C1 and the outer membrane of E. coli D31 m4, involving mainly the collagen-like moiety of C1. PMID- 3911950 TI - Degradative inactivation of the peroxisomal enzyme, alcohol oxidase, during adaptation of methanol-grown Candida boidinii to ethanol. AB - Adaptation of methanol-grown C. boidinii to ethanol-utilization in non-growing cells resulted in decreased activity of the peroxisomal enzyme alcohol oxidase. Re-appearance of alcohol oxidase activity was dependent on protein synthesis de novo. Degradation of alcohol oxidase protein was shown to parallel the decrease in activity. Adaptation of methanol-grown cells to ethanol-utilization resulted in increased absorbance due to cytochromes and decreased absorbance due to flavoprotein. Decrease in alcohol oxidase activity was associated with loss of the flavin coenzyme, FAD, from the organisms and the appearance of flavins (FAD, FMN, riboflavin) in the surrounding medium. Electron microscopic observations showed that general degradation of whole peroxisomes rather than specific loss of crystalline cores (alcohol oxidase protein) occurred during the adaptation. PMID- 3911949 TI - Activation of rat liver branched-chain 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase in vivo by glucagon and adrenaline. AB - The activity of liver branched-chain 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase complex was measured in rats fed on low-protein diets and given adrenaline, glucagon, insulin or dibutyryl cyclic AMP in vivo. Administration of glucagon or adrenaline (200 micrograms/100 g body wt.) resulted in a 4-fold increase in the percentage of active complex. As with glucagon and adrenaline, treatment of rats with cyclic AMP (5 mg/100 g body wt.) resulted in marked activation of branched-chain 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase. Insulin administration (1 unit/100 g body wt.) also resulted in activation of enzyme; however, these effects were less than those observed with glucagon and adrenaline. In contrast with the results obtained with low protein-fed rats, administration of adrenaline (200 micrograms/100 g body wt.) to rats fed with an adequate amount of protein resulted in only a modest (14%) increase in the activity of the complex. The extent to which these hormones activate branched-chain 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase appears to be correlated with their ability to stimulate amino acid uptake into liver. PMID- 3911951 TI - The base sequence of the nifF gene of Klebsiella pneumoniae and homology of the predicted amino acid sequence of its protein product to other flavodoxins. AB - The nucleotide sequence of a 629 base-pair segment of DNA spanning the nifF gene of Klebsiella pneumoniae is presented. The structural gene comprises 531 base pairs (175 codons, excluding the translational initiator and terminator) encoding an acidic polypeptide of 18950 Da. The nifF product thus belongs to the long chain class of flavodoxins. It shows some sequence homology to the short-chain flavodoxins from Desulfovibrio vulgaris, Clostridium MP and Megasphaera elsdenii, and much stronger homology to long-chain flavodoxins from Azotobacter vinelandii and Anacystis nidulans. The long chain flavodoxins thus seem to constitute a well conserved sub-group. The homology with the A. vinelandii flavodoxin is particularly strong, which may reflect their common function in nitrogen fixation. PMID- 3911952 TI - Snake venom lectins: a new group of T- and B-cell mitogenic anti-galactans. AB - A new group of vertebrate lectins has been discovered in snake venom preparations. These lectins are cell agglutinating, but not glycoconjugate precipitating. The specificity is directed towards receptors with terminal D galactose, beta-linked. From the crude preparations strong T- and potent B-cell mitogens can be obtained by fractionation. The T-cell mitogenic lectin could be characterized as an anti-galactan, which reacts with group B streptococci of type II, and with the other types only after neuraminidase treatment. For comparison, other lectins have been tested with group B streptococci, too. PMID- 3911953 TI - [Proteolytic degradation of glucagon by human erythrocytes]. AB - Human erythrocytes possess a proteolytic activity degrading glucagon (and insulin) even at very low concentrations with a high degree of efficiency. The enzyme which likely belongs to the class of insulin-glucagon-proteinases, can be inhibited by chelating agents, such as ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid and o phenanthroline, thiol blocking reagents, such as p-chloromercuribenzoate and N ethylmaleimide as well as by proteinase inhibitors directed against serine proteinases, such as Contrykal and Trasylol. No inhibition could be shown by leupeptin. Insulin in an equimolar range is capable of inhibiting glucagon degradation competitively. Dithioerythritol stimulates the degrading activity. Co++, Zn++, Mn++ and Ca++ prevent the o-phenanthroline mediated inhibition of glucagon degrading activity, whereas Mg++, Cu++, Cd++ and Fe+++ have an inhibitory effect. The glucagon degradation exhibits a pH optimum at 7,1 with an apparent Km of 4.4 X 10(-6) mol/l. The insulin-glucagon-proteinase in human erythrocytes is supposed to have a regulatory influence within the carbohydrate pathway. PMID- 3911954 TI - Low density lipoproteins of male donors decrease prostacyclin (PGI2) and enhance thromboxane (TXA2) release from rat aortas perfused under pulsatile pressure. AB - The influence of low density lipoproteins (LDL)-cholesterol (1.69 +/- 0.08 mg/ml) and of high density lipoproteins (HDL)-cholesterol (0.62 +/- 0.09 mg/ml), respectively, on the levels of 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha and TXB2 in the perfusates of rat aortas perfused under pulsatile pressure was studied. After passage through the aortas the concentration of LDL-cholesterol was significantly decreased in the perfusates, whereas the HDL-cholesterol level was unchanged. In comparison to controls, perfused with lipoprotein free solution, the concentration of 6-oxo PGF1 alpha was significantly decreased more than 50% by LDL and the TXB2 level was enhanced significantly by approximately 50%. This results in a significant rise of the TXB2/6-oxo-PGF1 alpha ratio in the perfusates. HDL did not significantly change the ratio of these eicosanoids in the perfusates. These results suggest that this concentration of LDL enhanced the formation of the proaggregatory TXA2 and decreased the formation of the antiaggregatory PGI2 in rat aortas perfused under pulsatile pressure. The proaggregatory action of an elevated level of LDL during the development of atherosclerosis in men may be also mediated by changes in the metabolism of eicosanoids of the vessel wall. PMID- 3911955 TI - Distribution of ON- and OFF-cells within the rat dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus. AB - Neurons responding to light flashes with a primary suppression of activity (OFF like cells), and those responding with excitation (ON-like) differ significantly in their localization within the rat's dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN). ON-cells are aggregated in the dorsolateral part, OFF-cells predominantly in the ventromedial part. PMID- 3911956 TI - Serine-specific tRNAs in Escherichia coli: relative abundance and sequence. AB - Serine isoaccepting tRNAs were isolated from bulk tRNA of Escherichia coli by affinity chromatography on immobilized bacterial elongation factor Tu and their relative abundance was determined. The three major species, which are sufficient to read all six serine codons, were identified by sequencing. The sequence of a novel tRNASer with the anticodon GGA was elucidated. PMID- 3911957 TI - Purification of ribosomal proteins from Escherichia coli by cation exchange and reversed phase FPLC. AB - A complex mixture of 21 proteins from the 30S ribosomal subunit of Escherichia coli was fractionated on a cation-exchanger, then further separated on a C8 reversed-phase column. A set of 14 proteins were purified to homogeneity. The same protein mixture was also analysed on a C8 RPC column using a triethylamine phosphate (TEAP, pH2.2)/acetonitrile or a trifluoroacetic acid/acetonitrile solvent system which gave 11 and 8 purified proteins, respectively. Altogether, 16 out of 21 proteins from the 30S ribosomal subunit were purified. PMID- 3911958 TI - Inhibition of glucose-stimulated insulin release by pseudo-alpha-DL-glucose as a glucokinase inhibitor. AB - Pseudo-alpha- and pseudo-beta-DL-glucose, the isomers of 5-hydroxymethyl-1,2,3,4 cyclohexanetetrol with alpha-gluco and beta-gluco configurations, were used as synthetic analogs of glucose anomers to study the mechanism of glucose-stimulated insulin release by pancreatic islets. Neither isomer was phosphorylated by liver glucokinase nor stimulated insulin release from islets. Incubation of islets with pseudo-alpha-DL-glucose resulted in a considerable accumulation of the glucose analog, probably the D form, in islets. The alpha-isomer, but not the beta isomer, inhibited both glucose-stimulated insulin release (44% inhibition at 20 mM) and islet glucokinase activity (36% inhibition at 20 mM) in a concentration dependent manner and to a comparable degree. These results strongly suggest that the inhibition of glucose-stimulated insulin release by pseudo-alpha-DL-glucose is due to the inhibition of islet glucokinase by the glucose analog, providing additional evidence for the essential role of islet glucokinase in glucose stimulated insulin release. PMID- 3911959 TI - A highly sensitive enzyme immunoassay (EIA) system for mouse epidermal growth factor (mEGF). AB - A highly sensitive two-site enzyme immunoassay system for mouse epidermal growth factor (mEGF) was developed, based on the sandwiching of an antigen between anti mouse EGF IgG antibody-coated on a polystyrene bead and anti-mouse EGF Fab' antibody-linked peroxidase (horseradish peroxidase, EC. 1.11.1.7). The procedure is simple and rapid compared to a bioassay. Also, the Fab' antibody-peroxidase complex is more stable than the 125I-labeled antibody. Purified mEGF is detectable at a concentration as low as 3 pg/ml. The detection range was 0.3 to 680 pg/sample with 0.1 ml samples. Levels of immunoreactive mEGF in extracts from adult male mice well agreed with those determined by a radioimmunoassay and a radioreceptor assay. The submaxillary gland contained an extremely high concentration of EGF, while other tissues had low levels of EGF. PMID- 3911960 TI - An investigation of the carboxyl group function in the active center of transketolase. AB - Transketolase from baker's yeast is rapidly inactivated in the presence of 1 ethyl-3 (3'-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide. pKa of the modified carboxyl groups is approximately 6.5. An investigation of the initial steps of enzymatic catalysis monitored by a changes in the circular dichroism spectra and in an oxidation reaction with ferricyanide made it possible to conclude that the modification interferes with the donor substrate attachment to the enzyme. Evidence obtained was suggesting that the carboxyl group of the active center facilitates dissociation of a proton from the carbon atom in the second position of the thiamine pyrophosphate thiazolium ring. PMID- 3911961 TI - Clinical experience and results of treatment with suprofen in pediatrics. 1st communication: Suprofen dosage for children/An open and a double-blind study with suprofen syrup. AB - The antipyretic effect of single doses of alpha-methyl-4-(2-thienylcarbonyl) phenyl acetic acid (suprofen, Suprol) syrup, administered at dose levels of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7.5, and 10 mg/kg b.w., was tested in a randomized double-blind and a subsequent open study. The test populations consisted of 100 children in the double-blind study and 40 patients in the open test (20 subjects/group). The patients' age ranged from 2 to 12 years; the lowest initial rectal temperature was 39.0 degrees C. The treatment groups were homogeneous as to demographic data. The temperature was reduced in all treatment groups. In the double-blind study the mean value dropped under the subfebrile threshold of 38.0 degrees C only in the group on 5 mg/kg and remained then constant for up to 6 h following administration. No sufficient antipyretic effect was obtained with lower doses. The results of the additional open study with doses of 7.5 and 10 mg/kg indicated good antipyretic effect. This effect was not, however, superior to that obtained with 5 mg/kg. Pulse and respiratory rates returned to normal within 1.5 h following administration, except in patients on 1 mg/kg. A total of 10 patients, homogeneously distributed in the treatment groups, experienced vomiting as an adverse reaction. Short-term hypotonia was seen in one subject on 7.5 mg/kg. The results obtained show that single doses of suprofen upward of 5 mg/kg b.w. exert satisfactory, long-lasting, antipyretic effect on children. PMID- 3911962 TI - Clinical experience and results of treatment with suprofen in pediatrics. 2nd communication: Use of suprofen suppositories as an antipyretic in children with fever due to acute infections/A single-blind controlled study of suprofen versus paracetamol. AB - The present randomized single-blind trial was performed to study antipyretic effect and tolerability of alpha-methyl-4-(2-thienylcarbonyl)-phenyl acetic acid (suprofen, Suprol) suppositories versus paracetamol (acetaminophen) suppositories in pediatric patients with fever of various etiology. The study included a population of 120 patients ranging in age from 2 to 12 years; the subjects' mean rectal temperature was 39.3 degrees C in the beginning of the therapy. The dosage of the suppositories depended upon body weight; medication was applied up to 3 times a day. The temperatures were recorded 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 h after the preparation was first applied. Pulse rates and respiratory rates were measured at the same rating times. The antipyretic effect of suprofen in younger patients was from 1 through 6 h (except at 3 h) statistically significantly superior to that of paracetamol. In older children, the differences in favor of suprofen were statistically significant only at 1 and 2 h after application of the drug. After the treatment pulse and respiratory rate dropped in both age groups on either treatment. The means were within the normal range at all rating times. The only adverse reaction was vomiting; this phenomenon occurred in 4 cases, i.e., in 2 cases each on either drug. PMID- 3911963 TI - Clinical experience and results of treatment with suprofen in pediatrics. 3rd communication: Antipyretic effect and tolerability of repeat doses of suprofen and paracetamol syrup in hospitalized children/A single-blind study. AB - Antipyretic effect and tolerability of alpha-methyl-4-(2-thienylcarbonyl)-phenyl acetic acid (suprofen, Suprol), syrup and paracetamol (acetaminophen) were compared within the scope of the present randomized single-blind study; the test population included a total of 115 children ranging in age from 6 months to 12 years. All patients were admitted to the hospital with an average temperature of 39.3 degrees C, their disease being caused by bacterial or viral infections. The dose levels for treatment with syrup depended upon the children's age and body weight. Treatment was in most cases given for two days; a three-times-a-day schedule was used. The (rectal) temperature as well as pulse and respiratory rates were measured prior to treatment and 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 h after first administration of the test preparations. The results showed that the antipyretic effect of suprofen was in both age groups at all rating times statistically significantly superior to that of paracetamol. Pulse and respiratory rates dropped in both age groups after treatment; the means were within the normal range at all rating times. Adverse drug reactions were seen in 5 patients on suprofen and in 3 cases on paracetamol. It is, however, questionable whether such reactions are drug-dependent. PMID- 3911964 TI - Antipyretic effect and tolerability of suprofen suppositories. Controlled clinical double-blind study with placebo. AB - The aim of the present study was to investigate the antipyretic effect of alpha methyl-4-(2-thienylcarbonyl)-phenyl acetic acid (suprofen, Suprol) 300 mg suppositories compared to placebo in patients with fever of various etiology. The trial was designed as a randomized double-blind study including 30 patients per treatment group. After insertion of the suppository, temperatures were measured after 30 min, 1, 2, 3, 31/2, 4, 5, and 6 h. The study was performed at four investigational centers. At the end of the study, a total of 61 patients could be evaluated: 27 on suprofen, 34 on placebo. There were no statistically significant differences in the anamnestic data. The mean age of the subjects on suprofen was 66.5 years, and on placebo 61.3 years. Prior to treatment, the mean temperatures in the two treatment groups were 38.8 and 38.9 degrees C, respectively. In the suprofen group, the temperature dropped to a mean of 37.9 degrees C within 3 h and to 37.6 degrees C within 6 h. The decrease in temperature was less marked in the placebo group; here the mean temperature was 38.4 degrees C after 3 h and 38.2 degrees C after 6 h. Suprofen was found to be superior to placebo throughout the study, the differences being statistically significant after 3 h up to 6 h. The only side effect experienced by a subject on suprofen was vomiting. PMID- 3911965 TI - Double-blind trial comparing the effectiveness of the homeopathic preparation Galphimia potentiation D6, Galphimia dilution 10(-6) and placebo on pollinosis. AB - The preparation of homeopathic drugs is based on potentiation. In this potentiation the primary substance is specially mixed with a carrier (typically 90% ethanol) in the ratio 1:10. Usually this potentiation is done repeatedly and the final drug is labeled, e.g., "D6" which means a 6 times decimal potentiation. In a controlled randomized strictly double-blind trial with 164 patients the effectiveness of homeopathically prepared Galphimia D6, a conventional Galphimia dilution 10(-6) and a placebo was investigated for the therapy of pollinosis. The average duration of treatment was about 5 weeks. Although no statistical significance was achieved, it is remarkable that there was a clear trend for the superiority of Galphimia D6 while the Galphimia dilution 10(-6) was about equally effective compared with placebo. The study itself demonstrates that it is possible to do strictly controlled trials for homeopathic drugs and with medical practitioners. PMID- 3911966 TI - Portacaval shunt as treatment for hypercholesterolemia. Metabolic and morphological effects in a swine model. AB - Since 1973 the portacaval shunt has been used as a treatment for homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. Favorable results have been reported, but the mechanism or reduction of cholesterol is not clear. The objective of this research was to evaluate mechanisms of lipid alterations after portacaval shunting in Yucatan miniature swine. The animals were fed a high-fat diet, similar in composition to the average American diet, with or without added cholesterol. Controls were fed the atherogenic diet (+ cholesterol) for 8 months. Pigs were fed atherogenic or American diets for 8 months, then surgery (shunt or sham) was performed. They were continued on the diets for another 8 months. The vascular system was examined for the distribution and severity of atherosclerotic disease. Blood lipids and numerous biochemical indices were measured. Progression of atherosclerosis was slowed by portacaval shunting. Low density lipoprotein (LDL) concentrations were positively and high density lipoprotein (HDL) concentrations were negatively correlated with severity of atherosclerosis. Serum insulin concentrations were positively correlated with atherosclerosis. Cholesterol synthesis was increased by the shunting and decreased by cholesterol feeding. The cholesterol-fed swine is not an adequate model for familial hypercholesterolemia, but the results are consistent with inhibition of the atherosclerotic process and the involvement of lipoproteins and insulin in the mechanisms. PMID- 3911967 TI - DNA polymorphisms in the apolipoprotein C-III and insulin genes and atherosclerosis. AB - A total of 167 patients undergoing investigation for suspected coronary artery disease (CAD) were genotyped for restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) at the apo A-1/C-III locus and the insulin gene locus using cloned human apo A-1 and insulin gene probes. The study group was subdivided into patients with absent or minimal CAD, intermediate CAD and severe obstructive CAD. An Sst-1 polymorphism located in the 3' non-coding region of the apo C-III gene identifies two alleles. One of the alleles (S2) showed a significantly increased frequency in the subjects with severe obstructive CAD (18%) compared with patients with minimal or absent CAD (6%) (P less than 0.025) and normolipidaemic control subjects. This A-1/C-III polymorphism may be a marker for an abnormality in the A 1/C-III genes predisposing to atherosclerosis. In contrast to a previous report, we found no increase in the frequency of the Class 3 insulin alleles in subjects with severe CAD. PMID- 3911969 TI - Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Morphometry in Morphological Diagnosis. Delft, The Netherlands, September 13-15, 1984. PMID- 3911968 TI - Peptide biosynthesis. PMID- 3911970 TI - Stereology and morphometry in histopathology. Principles of application. AB - The role of stereology and morphometry (including image analysis) in histopathology is considered. Diagnostic histopathology has its own character, which should be considered when quantitative methods are applied. Three different types of studies in histopathology can be distinguished: prospective, retrospective and routine diagnostic studies. The variation in these studies is due to differences in the methods and differences in how the methods are applied. The overall variation is smallest in prospective studies and largest in routine diagnostic studies. Statistical classification of the overall variation does not cover all relevant aspects of the situation in which we study the sample from one individual patient. In that situation, we do not get support from the samples of other patients. In fact, we should speak about group morphometry (statistical morphometry) when samples from several patients are studied and diagnostic morphometry when the sample from one individual patient is under investigation. In the former case, simple morphometric methods may be applicable (the researcher is interested in mean values). In the latter case, one would often like to analyze the sample in more detail. This is why the diagnostic situation may benefit from computerized image analysis, which allows collection of large amounts of data in a short time. On the other hand, the great variation between the pathologic and the normal can allow the use of simple methods. The above basic principles need be considered before morphometric and stereologic methods are applied. These methods are simple in practice and they should be included in the training of all pathologists. PMID- 3911971 TI - Measurement issues in morphometry. AB - Measurement is the instrument of morphometry. Several recurring issues of measurement are reviewed: types of measurement scales and their statistical consequences; types of measurement errors and their relationship to measurement scales; the differences between image resolution, digitization resolution and measurement resolution; and image measurement methods. The importance of formalized measurement protocols is illustrated with an example from daily morphometric practice. PMID- 3911972 TI - Some statistical aspects of sampling in morphometry. AB - Morphometry requires, in addition to the accurate counting of points, intersections and transections, meticulous attention to sampling. Methods are described and discussed for ensuring that adequate samples are obtained for a given standard error. For all situations in which stratification is used, the importance of increasing the number of the early strata for reducing the variance is emphasized. PMID- 3911973 TI - Ploidy disturbances in endometrial and ovarian carcinomas. A review. AB - A survey of DNA and chromosome aberrations in human endometrial and ovarian carcinomas is presented, including data obtained by chromosome analysis, absorption cytophotometry and flow cytometry. Nearly all of the cancers showed some structural or numerical chromosomal abnormalities. Endometrial carcinomas were reported to have a near-diploid DNA content in two-thirds of the cases, as opposed to ovarian carcinomas, in which only one-third of the tumors were near diploid. DNA aberrations in tumors of both origins seemed to be associated with an unfavorable prognosis, indicating that DNA measurements may supply a valuable additional criterion for biologic malignancy. Evaluable data on ploidy correlated to histologic subtypes was not available; in general, the number of patients in each study was small. Tumors of low differentiation tended more often to be aneuploid, but this was not a consistent finding. Further research comparing disease stage, tumor grade and tumor type in larger series of patients is therefore mandatory. PMID- 3911974 TI - Microbiological inventions and the Patent Law--the international dimension. PMID- 3911975 TI - Beta-lactamases: molecular studies. PMID- 3911976 TI - Fungus culture collections as a biotechnological resource. PMID- 3911977 TI - [Convulsive syndrome in children with chronic renal insufficiency]. PMID- 3911978 TI - [Demonstration by ultrasound of intestinal invagination in the child]. PMID- 3911979 TI - Neglect after section of a left telencephalotectal tract in pigeons. AB - The effects of unilateral and bilateral lesions of the telencephalotectal fibres of the tractus occipitomesencephalicus (OM) were studied in pigeons in a successive visual pattern discrimination. On alternate sessions the animals performed the task with both eyes open or sight restricted to one or the other eye. Unilateral lesions of the left OM led to severe deficits in the total number of pecking responses emitted under both monocular and binocular conditions. Pigeons with lesions of the right OM showed no deficits and the animals with bilateral lesions had an impaired performance only in the binocular condition. The percent correct discrimination performance of all experimental pigeons were at the same level as that of the control group. The results are discussed in the context of visual lateralization in birds. It is suggested that the deficits reflect a sensory neglect through deactivation of neurons in the deep tectal laminae which are known to have projections to reticular nuclei of the brainstem. PMID- 3911980 TI - Dopamine depletion, stimulation or blockade in the rat disrupts spatial navigation and locomotion dependent upon beacon or distal cues. AB - Rats depleted of dopamine by intraventricular or nigrostriatal bundle 6 hydroxydopamine injection were compared with normal rats on acquisition and retention of place and cue navigation in the Morris swimming pool test and on a battery of sensorimotor tests. Rats with extensive bilateral dopamine depletions were able to swim vigorously, but were unable to acquire either the place or cue task. Rats with unilateral lesions, although impaired in the rate of acquisition were eventually able to learn both tasks to close to normal levels. Animals pretrained on the tasks prior to the lesions displayed retention deficits that were related to the extent of dopamine depletion: after extensive depletions, performance on both tasks deteriorated until successful navigation was abolished, whereas incomplete depletions impaired but did not abolish performance on either task. In separate groups of pretrained animals, both dopamine antagonists (haloperidol, alpha-flupenthixol) and agonists (apomorphine, metamphetamine) blocked performance on both place and cue tasks, although there were individual differences in sensitivity of the rats. Performance on the place task was more sensitive to disruption than the cue task both by the lesions and by haloperidol, alpha-flupenthixol or apormorphine but not by metamphetamine. On the sensorimotor tests dopamine-depleted rats were impaired at visual but not contact placing, they oriented weakly to snout touches and surfaces but not to distal stimuli, and they were akinetic on a number of tests of motor function but when wet they displayed as many grooming movements and groomed as long as did normal rats. The results suggest that dopamine depletion may impair spatial navigation by a disruption of their ability to use distal cues for guidance. PMID- 3911981 TI - GABA-specificity of behaviour responses to picrotoxin injected into the colliculus superior of cats. AB - The behavioural response to picrotoxin (25-500 ng) injected into the colliculus superior (CS) of freely moving cats was investigated. The maximal response to unilateral injections of picrotoxin (greater than or equal to 200 ng) was characterized by the following sequence of behavioural events. During the first 5 min after the injection the cat executed retroflexions of the contralateral ear. After 1-5 min these contralateral ear movements were followed by short, contralateral head movements. As time progressed the front part of the body, including the forelimbs, became involved in the movements resulting in contralateral torso movements. Finally, as the response was maximal, the whole body became involved in the movements resulting in contralateral body movements. Data are shown indicating that most of these behavioural phenomena were dose dependent, locus-specific, and GABA-specific. Bilateral injections of picrotoxin resulted in similar characteristic movements, but now directed towards both sides and/or directed 'ventrocaudally'. Finally, it was found that blindfolding the animals did not change the response to unilaterally injected picrotoxin. As the behavioural phenomena described here are dissimilar to the effects observed after disturbing the GABAergic activity in the substantia nigra, pars reticulata (SNR), it is concluded that the CS, being an output station of the SNR, transforms its input signals into new output signals. Finally, it is suggested that picrotoxin resulted in a fixed code at the level of the CS, forcing the animal to execute characteristic motor patterns. PMID- 3911982 TI - Application of acetylcholinesterase to the substantia nigra induces stereotypy in rats. AB - In the substantia nigra, acetylcholinesterase may have a non-cholinergic function. Previous work suggests that release of acetylcholinesterase locally in the substantia nigra leads to a net increase in dopaminergic activity in the ipsilateral striatum. To investigate this hypothesis, acetylcholinesterase was microinjected bilaterally into the substantiae nigrae of awake rats and stereotyped behaviour used as an indication of increased dopaminergic activity in the striatum. Acetylcholinesterase increased stereotypy in rats, while butyrylcholinesterase and the vehicle, distilled water, were ineffective. The functional significance of acetylcholinesterase in the substantiae nigrae of freely moving animals is discussed in the light of its apparent association with dopaminergic rather than cholinergic systems. PMID- 3911984 TI - [Undercuts are no longer a problem]. PMID- 3911983 TI - [The compound preparation]. PMID- 3911985 TI - [The bridge holds if the cement is good]. PMID- 3911986 TI - [Instead of screw]. PMID- 3911987 TI - [Denture stability using Pound]. PMID- 3911988 TI - [Adhesives? Yes, but with some precautions]. PMID- 3911989 TI - [The bur test: here are the results]. PMID- 3911990 TI - [Instead of ceramic]. PMID- 3911991 TI - Acidic acrosin inhibitors from bull seminal plasma. Structural differences. AB - The three acidic acrosin inhibitors of bull seminal plasma, BUSI I A, BUSI I B1 and BUSI I B2 were compared by thin-layer chromatographic and high-performance liquid chromatographic fingerprint analyses of the tryptic digests prepared from their S-carboxymethylated derivatives. It was found that the inhibitors differ only in their N-terminal regions. The inhibitor BUSI I B1 has a blocked N terminus due to a pyroglutamic-acid residue. This residue is substituted by glutamic acid in BUSI I B2. The third inhibitor, BUSI I A, is four residues shorter at the N-terminus than the two other inhibitors. A high-performance liquid chromatography-based method for the separation of the three inhibitor variants was developed. PMID- 3911992 TI - Use of dot immunobinding assay for the rapid diagnosis of human hydatidosis. AB - A Dot Immunobinding (DIB) assay has been applied to the serodiagnosis of human hydatidosis and its results have been compared with those obtained with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The two techniques have been shown to be closely related (p greater than 0.001), highly sensitive (92.0% of positive results in 75 sera from patients with hepatic or pulmonary hydatidosis) and specific (93.5% of negative results in 31 sera from patients affected by other parasitic diseases and 100% of negative results in 30 normal controls). DIB however is more economical and takes less time (only 4 hours) than ELISA. DIB could be an useful tool in field epidemiological surveys since it is sensitive, specific, simple to perform and it does not require any expensive apparatus. PMID- 3911993 TI - Liver abscess caused by Edwardsiella tarda. AB - Edwardsiella tarda, among other Enterobacteriaceae, is a rare isolate from clinical specimens in man. A liver abscess caused by E. tarda was found in a middleaged woman without overt epidemiologic exposure to known reservoirs of this organism. While the most likely source of infection was the bowel, we failed to demonstrate a gut carriage of E. tarda or to show any local condition predisposing to the development of the liver lesion. PMID- 3911994 TI - [Double blind comparison between imidazole-2-hydroxybenzoate and diclofenac sodium in the treatment of osteoarthrosis in geriatric patients]. PMID- 3911995 TI - [Efficacy and tolerability of imidazole-2-hydroxybenzoate and feprazone in the treatment of some diseases of the respiratory tract]. PMID- 3911996 TI - [Comparison between imidazole-2-hydroxybenzoate and serratio-peptidase in the treatment of phlogistic diseases of the respiratory tract]. PMID- 3911998 TI - [Theory and practice of the challenge test]. PMID- 3911997 TI - [Double blind comparison between imidazole-2-hydroxybenzoate and acetylsalicylic acid in the treatment of articular pain]. PMID- 3911999 TI - [Immunohistochemical study of S-100 protein in the normal human brain and glioblastoma]. AB - The authors investigated the immunohistochemical localization of S-100 protein in normal human brain and glioblastoma tissues by the peroxidase anti-peroxidase method of Sternberger. In normal human brain the positive immunoperoxidase reaction for S-100 protein was observed in astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, ependymal cells, Bergmann's glial cells and epithelial cells of choroid plexus. No positive staining was revealed in any cortical neurons. Immunoelectron microscopically, the electron dense positive reaction for S-100 protein was seen throughout the cytoplasm, nucleoplasm and cell processes of astrocyte as well as oligodendrocyte. The positive reaction for S-100 protein was demonstrated occasionally in association with cytoplasmic membrane or the membrane constituting cell organelles. We suspect that this observation indicates the existence of membrane-bound form of S-100 protein. In glioblastoma cells, the positive reaction for S-100 protein was relatively weak in intensity as compared with astrocytes, and the degree of positive staining varied from cell to cell. Subcellular localization of S-100 protein in glioblastoma seemed to be essentially similar to that of normal astrocyte. There are some recent reports concerning immunohistochemical localization of alpha and beta subunits of S-100 protein. As compared with these reports, the present immunohistochemical results indicate that the rabbit anti-S-100 antibody embloyed in the present study is mainly against beta subunit of S-100 protein. Although there have been many reports concerning immunohistochemical localization of S-100 protein, the biological role of S-100 protein is still speculative. Some hypotheses are advocated in connection with the possible biological role of S-100 protein. For example, the modulation of synaptic transmission by S-100 protein, the participation of S-100 protein in hormonal secretion and in transport of cations through lipid membrane, the activation of protein kinase and the promotion of disassembly of microtubules by S-100 protein are postulated. It is hard to assume the biological role of S-100 protein based on the immunohistochemical results alone. The present study clearly indicates that S-100 protein exists widely in the cytoplasm, nucleoplasm, cytoplasmic membrane, outer membranes of cell organelles and cell processes of glial cells as well as glioblastoma cells. From these results we assume that S-100 protein plays an important role of intracellular transport of cations as one of the calcium binding proteins. PMID- 3912000 TI - [A cell kinetic study of human central nervous system tumors with 5 bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)]. AB - Sixty-six patients with various types of central nervous system (CNS) tumors were given 150-200 mg/m2 of 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) intravenously at the start of surgery, in order to label DNA synthesizing cells in the tumor with BrdU. The excised tumor specimens were fixed in chilled 70% ethanol for at least 12 hours, embedded in paraffin, and cut into 6-8 mu thick sections. The tissue sections were deparaffinized, denatured with HC1, and stained by indirect peroxidase method using anti-BrdU monoclonal antibody as the first antibody. The percentage of labeled cells among total cells (LI: labeling index) was calculated in each tumor specimen. The average of LIs was over 10% in glioblastoma multiforme, medulloblastoma, and metastatic tumor. On the other hand, the LIs were very low, i.e. less than 1% in most cases of ependymomas, mixed gliomas, and moderately anaplastic astrocytomas. In highly anaplastic astrocytomas, the average of LIs resulted in 7.4%. The LIs of slow-growing tumors, such as pituitary adenomas, meningiomas, acoustic neurinomas, were less than 1%, except in Nelson's syndrome and a few cases of meningiomas. The LIs obtained thus seem to correlate with the clinical behavior of each type of tumor. However, there was still a magnitude of differences in LIs between the tumors which were histopathologically alike. These results indicate that the LI obtained by the immunohistochemical method using anti-BrdU monoclonal antibody may supplement the current histopathological diagnosis in characterizing as well as estimating the biological malignancy of individual CNS tumors. PMID- 3912001 TI - Single-blind study of epoprostenol and 6-keto-prostaglandin E1 in man: effects of platelet aggregation and plasma renin. AB - The effects of epoprostenol (PGI2, 2-8 ng kg-1 min-1) and 6-keto-prostaglandin E1 (6-keto-PGE1, 7.5-30 ng kg-1 min-1) on ADP-induced platelet aggregation, blood pressure (BP), heart rate and plasma renin activity (PRA) were studied in six healthy male volunteers. During graded intravenous administration of PGI2, platelet aggregation was inhibited at a minimum dose of 4 ng kg-1 min-1. The dose required to produce the same degree of platelet inhibition was approximately 15 ng kg-1 min-1 for 6-keto-PGE1. Diastolic BP was significantly reduced and PRA was increased by PGI2 at a dose greater than 8 ng kg-1 min-1. In contrast, 6-keto PGE1 did not produce BP and PRA changes up to a dose of 30 ng kg-1 min-1. These data indicate that PGI2 has approximately four times more potent antiplatelet activity than 6-keto-PGE1 on a molar basis in man. The cardiovascular and PRA changes were less prominent for 6-keto-PGE1 than PGI2. PMID- 3912002 TI - Antifibrinolytics in subarachnoid haemorrhage. PMID- 3912003 TI - Ketotifen has no additional effect on morning dipping in patients with asthma on conventional treatment. PMID- 3912004 TI - Guanosine thiophosphate derivatives as substrate analogues for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. AB - The interactions of nucleotides with phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase were studied by using the stereospecific thiophosphate analogues of GDP and GTP. The metal ion dependent stereoselectivity of these analogues was determined by using steady-state kinetics. The RP and SP isomers of guanosine 5'-O-(1 thiodiphosphate) (GDP alpha S) were substrates with low turnover, and a small preference for the RP isomer was observed. Neither the enzyme-metal nor the nucleotide-metal complex elicited any substantial change in the selectivity. Guanosine 5'-O-(2-thiodiphosphate) (GDP beta S) exhibited no substrate activity for the enzyme, regardless of the cations. This nucleotide was a competitive inhibitor against GDP, however. Both RP and SP diastereomers of guanosine 5'-O-(1 thiotriphosphate) (GTP alpha S) were good substrates for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase; in several cases, depending upon the cation, kcat and/or Vm/Km for the RP isomer is greater than for the substrate GTP. The enzyme-metal complex but not the nucleotide-metal complex affects the relative Km and the Vmax values. In contrast, guanosine 5'-O-(2-thiotriphosphate) (GTP beta S) (SP) is a much better substrate (greater than 50 times) than is GTP beta S (RP). The metal ions have little effect on the selectivity. These results suggest a specific interaction of the beta-phosphate of the nucleotide with the protein. The analogue guanosine 5' O-(3-thiotriphosphate) (GPT gamma S) serves as a substrate to yield GDP and thiophosphoenolpyruvate. The latter was detected by 31P NMR and was shown to slowly hydrolyze to form phosphoenolpyruvate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3912005 TI - Reaction of both active site thiols of reduced thioredoxin reductase with N ethylmaleimide. AB - Thioredoxin reductase from Escherichia coli, only in its reduced state, reacts rapidly with 2 mol of N-ethylmaleimide, which specifically alkylates both active site cysteine residues. This dual modification supports previous studies indicating that a base lowers the pK of both active site cysteine residues. The dual modification also indicates that the region around the active site dithiol is more open than is the case with the related enzymes lipoamide dehydrogenase and glutathione reductase, both of which can be alkylated only on one nascent thiol. Enhanced nucleophilicity of the active site thiols is consistent with the proposed chemical mechanism of thioredoxin reductase. The sequence of the amino terminal 16 residues is presented. PMID- 3912006 TI - Site-directed mutagenesis of cysteine-148 in the lac permease of Escherichia coli: effect on transport, binding, and sulfhydryl inactivation. AB - By subjecting the lac y gene of Escherichia coli to oligonucleotide-directed, site-specific mutagenesis, Cys148 in the lac permease has been replaced with a Gly residue [Trumble, W. R., Viitanen, P. V., Sarkar, H. K., Poonian, M. S., & Kaback, H. R. (1984) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 119, 860]. Recombinant plasmids bearing wild-type or mutated lac y were constructed and used to transform E. coli T184. Steady-state levels of lactose accumulation, the apparent Km for lactose under energized conditions, and the KD for p-nitrophenyl alpha-D galactopyranoside are comparable in right-side-out vesicles containing wild-type or mutant permease. In contrast, the Vmax for lactose transport in vesicles containing mutant permease is significantly decreased. Although antibody binding studies reveal that vesicles from the mutant contain almost as much permease as wild-type vesicles, surprisingly only about one-fourth of the altered molecules bind p-nitrophenyl alpha-D-galactopyranoside with high affinity. Mutant permease is less sensitive to inactivation by N-ethylmaleimide, although the alkylating agent is still capable of completely inhibiting transport activity. Importantly, beta-galactosyl 1-thio-beta-D-galactopyranoside affords complete protection of wild-type permease against N-ethylmaleimide but has no protective effect whatsoever in the mutant. The rate of inactivation of wild-type and mutant permeases by N-ethylmaleimide is increased at alkaline pH and by the presence of a proton electrochemical gradient (interior negative and alkaline), and these phenomena are exaggerated in vesicles containing mutant permease. Finally, p (chloromercuri)benzenesulfonate, which completely displaces bound p-nitrophenyl alpha-D-galactopyranoside from wild-type permease, does not affect binding in the mutant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3912007 TI - Proton magnetic resonance studies of the states of ionization of histidines in native and modified subtilisins. AB - A technique was developed to exchange the backbone -N-H protons in D2O in the native subtilisins Carlsberg and BPN (Novo) that resulted in clearly resolved proton resonances in the aromatic region of the nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum. pH titration curves for four of the five histidine C2-H resonances in subtilisin Carlsberg and five of the six in subtilisin BPN between 7.5 and 8.8 ppm downfield from 4,4-dimethyl-4-silapentane-1-sulfonic acid sodium salt provided microscopic pKa's between 6.3 and 7.2 for both sources of the enzyme at ambient (approximately 22 degrees C) probe temperature. A resonance that titrated with a pKapp of 7.35 +/- 0.05 was observed in the 1H spectra only of the diisopropylphosphoryl derivatives of the subtilisins from both sources. The 31P NMR pH titration of the same preparations under identical conditions of solvent (D2O) and temperature gave a pKapp = 7.40 +/- 0.05 of the single titratable resonance. Both observations must pertain to His-64 at the active center. A resonance smaller than the others and titrating with a pKapp of 7.2 could also be observed in the native enzymes. This resonance was assigned to the catalytic center histidine since its pK corresponded to that derived from kinetic studies. No major perturbations in the chemical shifts or the pK's derived from the pH dependence of the observed resonances were apparent in the presence of saturating concentrations of the two putative transition-state analogues phenylboronic acid and bis [3,5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]boronic acid and in monoisopropylphosphorylsubtilisin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3912008 TI - Acyl carrier protein from Escherichia coli. Structural characterization of short chain acylated acyl carrier proteins by NMR. AB - Acylated acyl carrier proteins (ACPs) with acyl chain lengths of 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 carbons were investigated by NMR and nuclear Overhauser methods at 500 MHz. Chemical shift changes of downfield aromatic and upfield, ring-current-shifted, isoleucine proton resonances monotonically vary as a function of acyl chain length with the most prominent shifts occurring with chain lengths between four and six carbons. Chemical shifts are largest for one of the two phenylalanines; however, substantial shifts do exist for Tyr-71, His-75, and two isoleucines. Since these residues are distributed throughout the molecule, their associated resonance chemical shifts are most probably explained by an induced conformational change. Comparative NOE measurements on reduced ACP (ACP-SH) and ACP-S-C8 suggest, however, that these induced conformational changes are small except for around one of the phenylalanines. A tertiary structural model for acyl ACP consistent with our previous model for ACP-SH [Mayo, K. H., Tyrell, P. M., & Prestegard, J. H. (1983) Biochemistry 22, 4485-4493] is presented. PMID- 3912009 TI - Retina- and eye-derived endothelial cell growth factors: partial molecular characterization and identity with acidic and basic fibroblast growth factors. AB - Two retina-derived growth factors have been isolated on the basis of their ability to stimulate the proliferation of capillary endothelial cells in vitro. Gas-phase sequence analysis identified the amino-terminal sequence of the major form of the mitogen as being identical with residues 1-35 of bovine basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF). Amino-terminal sequence analysis of the second form identified 28 residues that are indistinguishable from those of brain acidic FGF (residues 1-28). The possibility that these retina-derived endothelial cell growth factors are related to, if not identical with, basic and acidic FGF is supported by observations that they have similar molecular weights (15000-16000), similar retention behavior on all steps of chromatography (ion-exchange, heparin Sepharose), and similar amino acid compositions and that they cross-react with antibodies to basic and acidic FGF. The eye-derived growth factors, like FGF, are potent stimulators of capillary endothelial cell growth in vitro. The results identify the major retina-derived endothelial cell growth factor as indistinguishable from basic FGF and demonstrate the presence of an acidic FGF in the eye. They suggest that at least some of the mitogenic, angiogenic, and neovascularizing activities described as being present in the retina are due to the existence of FGF in this tissue. The implications of this finding on the etiology and pathophysiology of vasoproliferative diseases of the eye are discussed. PMID- 3912010 TI - Specific interaction between ribosomal protein S4 and the alpha operon messenger RNA. AB - The Escherichia coli ribosomal protein S4 is known to repress translation of its own gene and several other ribosomal protein (r-protein) genes in the alpha operon as part of a general mechanism coordinating the levels of rRNA and r protein synthesis. Using a filter binding assay and RNA transcripts prepared in vitro, we have detected and quantitated specific interactions between S4 and alpha mRNA fragments. The main results are the following: Only the alpha mRNA leader is required for specific recognition, with a small fraction of the binding free energy derived from sequences at the ribosome initiation site. 16S rRNA and alpha mRNA compete for binding to S4 with about the same affinity (approximately equal to 2 X 10(7) M-1), suggesting that S4 utilizes the same recognition features in each RNA. Nonspecific binding of S4 to tRNA or other mRNA sequences is strongly salt dependent, while the specific S4-alpha mRNA affinity is nearly independent of salt. At physiological salt concentrations the nonspecific S4-RNA affinity (10(5)-10(6) M-1) is large enough to strongly buffer the free S4 concentration in vivo. PMID- 3912011 TI - Electron-nuclear double resonance studies of oxidized Escherichia coli sulfite reductase: 1H, 14N, and 57Fe measurements. AB - We have employed electron-nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) spectroscopy to study the bridged siroheme--[Fe4S4] cluster that forms the catalytically active center of the oxidized hemoprotein subunit (SiRo) of Escherichia coli NADPH-sulfite reductase. The siroheme 57Fe hyperfine coupling (Az = 27.6 MHz, Ay = 26.8 MHz) is similar to that of other high-spin heme systems (A approximately equal to 27 MHz). Bonding parameters obtained from the 14N hyperfine coupling constants of the siroheme pyrrole nitrogens are consistent with a model of a nonplanar pi system of reduced aromaticity. The absence of hyperfine coupling to the 14N of an axial ligand, such as is observed for the histidine 14N of metmyoglobin (Az = 11.55 MHz), rules out the possibility that imidazolate acts as the bridge between the siroheme and the [Fe4S4] cluster. Proton ENDOR of the deuterium-exchanged protein indicates that H2O does not function as a sixth axial ligand and suggests that the ferrisiroheme is five-coordinate. 57Fe ENDOR measurements confirm the results of Mossbauer spectroscopy for the [Fe4S4] cluster. They also disclose a slight anisotropy of the cluster 57Fe coupling that may be associated with the mechanism by which the siroheme and cluster spins are coupled. PMID- 3912012 TI - Two-dimensional 1H-nmr studies on the lac repressor DNA binding domain: further resonance assignments and identification of nuclear Overhauser enhancements. PMID- 3912014 TI - Growth promoting influences of estradiol, epidermal growth factor, and insulin on human breast cancer: evidence for differential mechanism of action on tumor cells in vitro. PMID- 3912015 TI - [Prospects for the application of 31-phosphorus NMR to the surveillance of anticancer treatment]. AB - The use of surface coils has allowed the extend of 31P NMR spectroscopy applications to in vivo studies. This technique is particularly interesting in following the energy metabolism of subcutaneously transplanted tumors in animals and in supervising their treatments. The results already published in this domain, if not all homogeneous, show that some 31P NMR spectral changes give informations about the metabolic state, so on the therapeutic action. Thus radiations, hyperthermia and chemotherapeutic agents effects can be precociously revealed because spectral changes occur before the tumoral mass decreases. This non-invasive method enables a regular treatment follow-up. PMID- 3912013 TI - Could aminoglutethimide replace adrenalectomy? AB - Could aminoglutethimide replace adrenalectomy? This question has already been answered in clinical practice in the United Kingdom, for surgical adrenalectomy has declined markedly in frequency as new hormonal therapy has appeared. An optimal assessment of an endocrine therapy can only be made in previously untreated patients because of the heterogeneity of previously treated populations. Thus aminoglutethimide (AG) and adrenalectomy have been compared for previously untreated and treated populations. Because AG is commonly called 'medical adrenalectomy', this article will review and compare aminoglutethimide therapy with surgical adrenalectomy and make the case that surgical adrenalectomy is no longer indicated in the management of breast cancer. PMID- 3912016 TI - [Cancer of the prostate: prostatic acid phosphatases. Biochemical properties and assay]. AB - The first data on acidic phosphatase were published in the beginning of the 20th century. The applications to prostatic carcinoma were performed by Gutman in 1936. The enzyme is a glycoprotein which action mechanism is similar to a histidine-phosphatase. Acidic phosphatase has been found in numerous tissues and blood-stream cells. Its structure is dimeric and glycans average 10% of the M.W. The enzyme has been assayed in serum, using numerous substrates in the presence of specific inhibitors. The best results were obtained with thymolphthalein phosphate. Improvements were done by assays in bone marrow and by the introduction of immunological technics which lead to a better appreciation of tumoral invasion. PMID- 3912018 TI - Rocky Mountain spotted fever research and the development of the insect vector theory, 1900-1930. PMID- 3912017 TI - [Cancer of the prostate: results of radiotherapy. Multicenter study]. AB - From 1975 to 1982, 597 patients with localized prostatic adenocarcinoma were treated using external beam irradiation in one of 6 cooperating centers. The mean patient age was 67 years. The 5 and 10 years actuarial survivals (including all causes of death) were 70% and 40% respectively. The adjusted survival rates become 86% at 5 years and 61% at 10 years when only death due to cancer is taken into consideration. Despite the fact that patients with stage A1 and A2 disease show different patterns of lymphatic spread, the actuarial and adjusted 8 years survivals were identical for both staging groups, in this study, 57% and 90%, respectively. It is significant that the majority of patients in both group A1 and in group A2 received irradiation to the pelvic lymph nodes as well as the prostate. Patients with stage B1 disease showed a 7 years actuarial survival of 53% and an 82% survival adjusted for death due to cancer only. Patients in both group B2 and group C, showed an identical 10 year actuarial survival rate of 49%. However, without CT scanning, it is difficult to differentiate between these 2 staging groups. Patients with stage C2 disease showed 10 years actuarial and adjusted survival rates of 20% and 40% respectively. The local recurrence rate after primary radiation therapy did not exceed 11% in any patient group. These data demonstrate, once again, that the dogma pertaining to the radioresistance of prostatic cancer is outdated. PMID- 3912019 TI - The pig that fell into the privy: Upton Sinclair's The Jungle and the meat inspection amendments of 1906. PMID- 3912020 TI - Coroners' inquisitions from the county of Cheshire, England, 1817-39 and 1877-78. PMID- 3912021 TI - Roman lay attitudes towards medical experimentation. PMID- 3912022 TI - Paul Barbette, M.D.: a seventeenth-century Amsterdam author of best-selling textbooks. PMID- 3912023 TI - Erasistratus, student of Theophrastus? PMID- 3912024 TI - A further testimony to human dissection in the Byzantine world. PMID- 3912025 TI - Guide to the prostaglandins. AB - The prostaglandins are concerned with the regulation of all cells and physiological systems of the body. This article is a guide to the structure and action of there important substances. PMID- 3912026 TI - Variable schedules of ibuprofen for ankle sprains. AB - In a study of 144 patients, with Grade 1 and 2 inversion injuries to the ankle sustained in sport, treatment with a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory was considerably superior to placebo with respect to joint tenderness, level of training and injury severity. No difference in efficacy could be determined between ibuprofen 2400 mg given in two or four equally divided daily doses. Ten patients withdrew from the study because of side effects, five from ibuprofen twice daily, three from ibuprofen four times daily and two from the placebo group. This study confirms the efficacy, flexibility and tolerability of high dose ibuprofen. PMID- 3912027 TI - [Czechoslovak pharmacology 1945-1970]. PMID- 3912028 TI - [The beginnings of the Institute of Pharmacology and Pharmacognosy at the Comenius University Medical School in Bratislava]. PMID- 3912029 TI - A policy of early excision and grafting in elderly burn patients shortens the hospital stay and improves survival. AB - Early excision and grafting of the burn wound appears to shorten the hospital stay and decrease mortality in children and adults. However, whether an early surgical approach is safe in elderly burn patients has not been resolved. To answer this question we carried out a prospective study of early surgery in 114 consecutive patients over the age of 50 years. Patients were generally operated on between post-burn days 2 and 5. The mean age of the patients was 68 years, with a burn size of 22 per cent, of which 13 per cent was full thickness skin loss. The mean hospital stay of the surviving patients was reduced by 40 per cent compared to national averages (P less than 0.001). The mortality rate for the entire group of patients was 17 per cent, with 2 deaths in the 65 patients with burns less than 20 per cent total body surface area (TBSA). Although the mortality rate for patients with burns greater than 20 per cent TBSA was 35 per cent, this was less than predicted (P less than 0.05). The improvement in survival appeared to be due to a decrease in the incidence of lethal burn wound infections. PMID- 3912030 TI - Pain associated with an adherent polyurethane wound dressing. AB - Patient ratings of pain associated with autograft skin donor sites covered by an adherent polyurethane film dressing (Op-Site, Smith & Nephew) were collected using a modified Visual Analogue Scale. Analyses were undertaken to examine differences between pain levels under conditions of rest and activity, and with variations in application technique. It was found that with proper application and with at-rest patients, Op-Site-covered donor sites could be maintained relatively pain free. However, both specific conditions of application and increases in patient ambulation could result in the patient experiencing donor site pain of an intensity comparable to concurrent burn-wound pain. To utilize fully their potential for pain control, the polyurethane film dressings must be appropriately applied and maintained, and their use coupled with an adequate analgesic regimen. PMID- 3912031 TI - Full thickness burns from ready-mixed cement. AB - The authors present 16 cases of cement burns admitted to the Nottingham burns unit over an 11-month period. Thirteen required skin grafting and were off work for a considerable period of time. The manufacturers do print warnings on their quotations and their delivery dockets, but the serious nature of some cement burns is not stressed. Some suggestions are made in an effort to prevent these serious injuries. PMID- 3912032 TI - [Use of netilmicin for antibiotic prevention of urinary infections after endoscopic surgery in urology]. AB - We studied for one year 60 patients separated in 3 groups of 20: first reference group without treatment; second group receiving netilmicin in premedication; third group treated by netilmicin for 2 days postoperatively. This series clearly demonstrates the high urinary tract infection rate after transurethral surgery, the benefit of antibioprophylaxis with netilmicin and the efficiency of one dose of this aminosid given one hour preoperatively. PMID- 3912033 TI - [Bronchopneumopathies as a result of inhalation of gastric contents]. PMID- 3912034 TI - Structural studies of the cell wall polysaccharide of Nocardia asteroides R 399. AB - As with other bacteria belonging to the corynebacteria, mycobacteria, and nocardia group, Nocardia possess in their cell walls a neutral polysaccharide. Structural analysis of the cell wall polysaccharide of Nocardia asteroides R 399 was undertaken. The carbohydrate polymer contained D-arabinose and D-galactose as in mycobacteria. Besides these two carbohydrates we pointed out the occurrence of two additional components: D-glucose and a polyol. This polyol, because of its small amount and its uneasy detection, had been for a long time ignored. It has been proven to be the 6-deoxy-D-altritol or 1-deoxy-D-talitol. The polymer consists of a main strand composed of----5 Araf 1----and----4Galp1----or--- 5Galf1----; oligoarabinosyl side chains were localized on C3 of an arabinosyl residue. Other shorter ramifications also occur on some galactosyl units. A characterization of the linkage between polysaccharide and peptidoglycan inside the cell wall has also been carried out. The two polymers are joined by a phosphodiester bond which involves 6-deoxyaltritol. As some corynebacteria previously analyzed were also shown to contain mannose (and sometimes glucose), we can conclude that the main skeleton of cell wall polysaccharides of the corynebacteria, mycobacteria, and nocardia group of bacteria is an arabinogalactan; however, individual structural features of the polysaccharide are varying according to the bacterial species. These results might be connected with variations that were observed in immunological analysis. PMID- 3912035 TI - Swarmer cell differentiation of Proteus mirabilis in fluid media. AB - After 3-4 h in a rich fluid medium such as brain--heart infusion broth, motile nonseptate filaments developed from normal short rods and formed about 80% of the cell mass of Proteus mirabilis PM23. This developmental pattern was not observed in any of the other nine representatives of the species. These filaments were considered to be equivalent to swarmer cells formed on agar media because these cells ceased tumbling (i.e., chemotaxis was repressed), they developed large numbers of flagella (i.e., flagella synthesis and insertion was derepressed), and the distribution of nuclei in the filaments indicated that there was normal segregation. The population of cells grown in a minimal medium supplemented with amino acids and nicotinic acid consisted only of short cells with tumbling motility, despite the production of long cells and swarming on the same medium solidified with ordinary agar (refined agar was not effective). These short cells differentiated in 1-1.5 h in brain--heart infusion broth at 37 degrees C after an initial division. The requirements for initiation of differentiation were good basal nutrition, suitable cations (probably Ca2+ and Na+, or K+), and unknown heat-stable organic factors (molecular weight less than 10 000) present in crude agar and yeast extract. Other components of media promoted swarmer differentiation if it was initiated and these included organic acids (lactate), amino acids (proline or serine), phosphate, and an appropriate ionic environment. Comparison of the observed sequence of length classes in brain--heart infusion broth culture with computer generated growth models suggested that, at the outset of growth, 50% of the products of each short cell division ceased septation but grew in length for about five doubling periods and then divided cells from each end at a faster rate (3-5 times per hour) for return to the short cell pool. PMID- 3912036 TI - An inhibitor typing scheme applicable to Lancefield group E streptococci. AB - A previously described inhibitor typing scheme for hemolytic streptococci has been utilized to test 12 well-characterized strains of group E streptococci. These strains were differentiated into five inhibitor production (P) types and four inhibitor sensitivity (S) types: seven different strain "fingerprints" (combinations of P-type and S-type) being demonstrated. Inhibitor production by group E streptococci was increased under conditions of anaerobic incubation. The inhibitor fingerprints were stable on repeated testing of strains and it is suggested that the scheme is of value both for the labelling of serologically untypable strains and for subdividing strains belonging to existing serotypes. PMID- 3912037 TI - Expression of Campylobacter genes for proline biosynthesis in Escherichia coli. AB - Cloned DNA from Campylobacter jejuni was found to complement auxotrophic defects in proline metabolism in several strains of Escherichia coli. A 4.4-kilobase fragment of Campylobacter DNA encodes the genes analogous to the proA and B genes of E. coli and Salmonella typhimurium. PMID- 3912038 TI - Identification of a trans-dominant mutation affecting proline dehydrogenase in Escherichia coli. AB - L-Proline dehydrogenase catalyzes the oxidation of L-proline to delta 1-pyrroline 5-carboxylate, a reaction that is an important step in the utilization of proline as a carbon or nitrogen source by bacteria. A mutant of Escherichia coli K-12 lacking L-leucyl-tRNA:protein transferase had been found previously to contain about five times as much proline dehydrogenase activity as its parent strain. This difference has now been shown to be due to the presence in the parent strain of a previously unrecognized mutation. This mutation, which has been designated put-4977, specifically affects proline dehydrogenase rather than proline uptake. Although proline dehydrogenase remains inducible by L-proline in strains carrying the mutation, there is a premature cessation of differential synthesis during induction that results in a lower specific activity. The mutation shows about 50% P1-mediated cotransduction with pyrC and is therefore located at about 22 min on the E. coli chromosome. Merodiploids containing a normal F' factor still exhibit decreased enzyme activity, indicating that the put-4977 mutation is trans dominant. The mutation cannot be detected in present stocks of the transferase deficient mutant, suggesting that this mutant is a revertant for put-4977. PMID- 3912039 TI - Consecutive dose-finding trials adding lorazepam to the combination of metoclopramide plus dexamethasone: improved subjective effectiveness over the combination of diphenhydramine plus metoclopramide plus dexamethasone. AB - Four consecutive trials were undertaken to study lorazepam at each of three dosage levels and diphenhydramine when used in combination with iv metoclopramide and dexamethasone in patients receiving cisplatin at 120 mg/m2. The combination containing diphenhydramine had been the most effective treatment identified in prior trials. Earlier studies have found lorazepam to be a useful adjunct to other antiemetic agents. Sixty-five patients who had never received chemotherapy or antiemetics were directly observed in the hospital for 24 hours following cisplatin. Overall, 56% of the patients experienced no emesis and 78.5% of the patients had two or fewer vomiting episodes during the study period. No significant differences were noted in the number of patients who experienced no emesis or two or fewer episodes among the four trials. More sedation was seen with the lorazepam-containing regimens; other side effects were similar in type and severity. The trial using the highest dose of lorazepam (1.5 mg/m2) demonstrated significantly greater patient satisfaction (P = 0.039) and less anxiety during therapy (P = 0.02) when compared with the diphenhydramine combination. We conclude that combinations of iv metoclopramide plus dexamethasone with either diphenhydramine or lorazepam are well tolerated and effective in controlling cisplatin-induced emesis. The regimens containing lorazepam produced better subjective evaluations, and the combination using the highest lorazepam dose tested showed superior patient satisfaction and less anxiety during therapy. PMID- 3912040 TI - Comparison of the antiemetic efficacy of two high-dose benzamides, metoclopramide and alizapride, against cisplatin-induced emesis. AB - The antiemetic effect of two benzamides, metoclopramide (MCL; Paspertin) and alizapride (AZP; Vergentan), was compared in two double-blind sequential analytical trials in cisplatin-treated patients (60-90 mg/m2). In the first trial, the drugs were given as loading infusions (0.5 mg/kg of body weight/hour over 2 hours) beginning 2 hours before cisplatin administration; the maintenance infusion (0.25 mg/kg/hour) given over 24 hours was half the dose (total dose, 7 mg/kg of body weight per treatment cycle). In the second trial, the dose of AZP was doubled. After nine and ten treatment pairs, MCL was significantly (2P less than 0.10) more effective than AZP: three of nine and four of ten patients receiving MCL remained totally free from vomiting, compared with only none of nine and one of ten patients receiving AZP. The incidence of extrapyramidal reactions was similar in all treatments. However, the administration of AZP was much more unfavorable because of moderate to severe hypotensive side effects. PMID- 3912041 TI - Carboplatin: a new platinum analog in the treatment of epidermoid carcinoma of the esophagus. AB - Thirty-one patients with advanced epidermoid carcinoma of the esophagus were treated with carboplatin (CBDCA), a second-generation cisplatin analog. Thirty patients were evaluable for response. Major responses (complete response) were seen in two patients (7%; 95% confidence limits, 1%-20%). The median survival from initiation of the protocol was 3 months (range, 0.1-16). Neither renal dysfunction nor emesis was a significant problem with CBDCA; hematologic toxicity was dose-limiting. Thrombocytopenia was more marked than leukopenia. CBDCA is a well-tolerated cisplatin analog that produced two complete responses in patients with advanced epidermoid carcinoma of the esophagus, where such responses are rarely observed. Although the observed response rate was only 7%, the 95% confidence limits overlap those previously reported for cisplatin (12%-31%). PMID- 3912042 TI - Structural studies of the O-antigen polysaccharides of Klebsiella O5 and Escherichia coli O8. AB - The O-antigen polysaccharides of Klebsiella serotype O5 and Escherichia coli serotype O8 are serologically very similar or identical. The structures of these two polysaccharides have now been re-investigated. N.m.r. spectroscopy, chromium trioxide oxidation, hydrolysis with a specific phage enzyme, and f.a.b. mass spectrometry were the principal methods used. It is concluded that the O-antigen has the following structure, in which D-Man3Me is 3-O-methyl-D-mannose and n is approximately 10. (Formula: see text) Biosynthetic studies indicate that these antigens are synthesised by addition of D-mannopyranosyl groups to the "non reducing" end of the mannan chain, and it seems possible that addition of a 3-O methyl-D-mannopyranosyl group involves termination. PMID- 3912043 TI - Structural studies of a neutral polymeric fraction from the lipopolysaccharide of Serratia marcescens C.D.C. 1783-57 (O14:H9). AB - A "neutral" polymer of glucose, galactose, and 2-acetamido-2-deoxyglucose (molar ratios 1:1:2) has been isolated from the lipopolysaccharide of Serratia marcescens strain C.D.C. 1783-57 (O14:H9). Degradative and spectroscopic studies established that the polysaccharide has a branched tetrasaccharide repeating-unit of the structure shown. The polymer was absent from other strains of serogroup O14 studied, but a polymer differing only in the configuration of the glucose residue has previously been isolated from a strain of S. marcescens O8. The polymer from strain C.D.C. 1783-57 also shares structural features with the Escherichia coli O18 antigen, which is known to be serologically related to the S. marcescens O8 antigen. (Formula: see text). PMID- 3912044 TI - The role of exercise in the primary and secondary prevention of atherosclerotic coronary artery disease. AB - Although exact definitions of exercise requirements for primary and secondary prevention of coronary disease cannot be stated with certainty on the basis of currently available information, we can make some general conclusions. The characteristics associated with lowered risk from coronary disease in apparently normal populations are: 8 MET-hours of activity during leisure time or job: walking briskly during leisure time (1 hour = 1 MET-hour) walking at job (same as above) jogging during leisure time (30 minutes of activity = 1 MET-hour) walking to and from work (same as walking above) performing very heavy work in occupational pursuits (few jobs today have those energy requirements) regularly climbing 5 flights or more of stairs (10 steps per flight) regularly walking 5 city blocks per day (12 blocks per mile) regularly engaging in strenuous sports (basketball, running, mountaineering, skiing, swimming, or tennis) accumulating activities that use 2000 or more kcal per week Conclusions concerning the prevention of reinfarction in patients who are recovering from a first heart attack include: Exercise is helpful in hastening the recovery process after myocardial infarction and should be started early in the recovery period. Exercise helps to reduce mortality when used in conjunction with a multifactorial program. PMID- 3912046 TI - Exercise regimens after myocardial infarction: rationale and results. PMID- 3912045 TI - Exercise nuclear imaging for the evaluation of coronary artery disease. PMID- 3912047 TI - Exercise regimens after myocardial revascularization surgery: rationale and results. AB - Although the exercise prescription for the patient after myocardial revascularization surgery has unique differences from the regimen for the patient after infarction, there are many similarities. Most differences between the two patient groups apply during the initial weeks of rehabilitation (approximately 6 to 8 weeks). In the inpatient program the patient after CABG surgery usually begins ROM exercise and ambulation earlier. Upper extremity ROM exercises are emphasized more with the surgery patient, and the rate of progression of the intensity and duration of training is faster. Most data concerning morbidity, mortality, physiologic and psychologic factors, and return to work show similar results for patients after coronary bypass surgery and after MI. PMID- 3912048 TI - Upper extremity exercise testing and training. PMID- 3912049 TI - Exercise testing and training of the elderly patient. AB - As an invariable accompaniment of the aging process, cardiac function declines, that is, cardiac output, stroke volume, heart rate, and maximum oxygen consumption all decrease. The vital capacity declines as residual volume increases, and ventilation-perfusion imbalance increases. Muscles atrophy and weaken, joints stiffen, and bones are demineralized. Certainly the aging process per se explains a portion of this functional deterioration. Disease states also account for some deterioration. However, inasmuch as approximately one half of the deterioration in function can be prevented or reversed by an exercise training program, it would seem that disuse or inactivity is responsible for at least a portion of the functional decline characteristic of aging. Special considerations in prescribing exercise training for the elderly include careful cardiovascular assessment; evaluation of orthopedic problems; consideration of heat intolerance; and careful attention to motivation. The exercise prescription should be specific and tailored to the subject's individual cardiovascular status, musculoskeletal limitations, and personal goals. Walking, stretching calisthenics, and other aerobic activities, if of reasonable intensity and duration, and when preceded and followed by an appropriate warm-up and cool-down period, respectively, can result in a substantial, positive training effect in the elderly. In response to such a training program, elderly subjects demonstrate an increase in stroke volume, cardiac output, and maximum heart rate. Respiratory function changes little, yet maximal oxygen consumption is increased. Fat may be replaced by lean muscle mass as muscle strength and endurance improve. Flexibility is improved and bone demineralization retarded or even reversed. Exercise has a tranquilizing effect on elderly subjects so that anxiety and depression may be prevented. The subject develops self-respect as effort tolerance improves. An excessively conservative attitude on the part of physicians, families, and elderly subjects has resulted in inappropriate activity limitations with a consequent decrement in effort tolerance. Elderly individuals can maintain a reasonable level of effort tolerance or can be rehabilitated to this level of activity with an appropriate exercise program. The decline in overall function expected with age can be substantially retarded. Consequently, physicians, families, and the subjects themselves should consider the potential advantages of an exercise program. PMID- 3912050 TI - Exercise training of patients with ventricular dysfunction and heart failure. PMID- 3912051 TI - Psychologic effects of exercise training in coronary-prone individuals and in patients with symptomatic coronary heart disease. PMID- 3912052 TI - Therapeutic exercise in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. AB - Therapeutic exercise in patients with severe COPD improves useful exercise performance-endurance. This results in an improved quality of life, decreased hospitalization, and decreased costs. Therapeutic exercise is only one modality of the general care of the patient with COPD who often requires the coordinated skills of a multidisciplinary health care team to achieve maximal rehabilitation. These benefits will accrue to most but not all patients receiving exercise therapy. In patient with severe COPD, therapeutic exercise does not improve pulmonary, hemodynamic, or peripheral (muscle) indices. Such patients are rarely able to reach a VO2max or achieve the necessary threshold of exercise level, duration, and frequency required for cardiopulmonary conditioning. Such patients do improve mechanical skills in the trained muscles and benefit psychologically. Supplemental oxygen will improve exercise performance in patients with COPD. This is particularly evident in those who become hypoxemic or who develop overwhelming dyspnea with exercise. Others who benefit when studied cannot be otherwise identified. The respiratory muscles in severe COPD are subject to an increased work of breathing because of increased flow resistance in the airways and a compromise in respiratory muscle contractility owing to the shortened length tension relationship of the diaphragm because of lung hyperinflation. In addition, they are weak. As in normal persons, the inspiratory muscles are of paramount importance. The respiratory muscles in severe COPD can become fatigued. Hyperpneic eucapnea or inspiratory resistive training can improve respiratory and general exercise endurance. Therapeutic exercise should be prescribed only after a solid general care program is instituted: discontinuation of smoking; moderation in activity; patient and family education; immunization; bronchodilators; early treatment of infections; corticosteroids if efficacious; long-term continuous O2 if indicated; and general rehabilitation. In patients with mild disease and few symptoms, encouragement to participate in general conditioning activities may suffice.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3912053 TI - Distance running in the 1980s: cardiovascular benefits and risks. AB - Although within the capacity of perhaps one to two percent of highly motivated patients after myocardial infarction, long-distance and marathon running do not confer on normal subjects immunity from coronary atherosclerosis or freedom from high grades of ventricular ectopy during running and nonrunning activities. The presence of significant coronary heart disease does not preclude participation in long-distance and marathon running, provided appropriate safety precautions are taken. There is no conclusive proof that the long-term prognosis is improved by long-distance or marathon running or by increasing the intensity of training above the generally accepted level of 60 to 80 percent of VO2 max. Marathon running for coronary patients and for coronary-prone persons remains experimental and awaits further scientific evaluation employing a prospective randomized study of subjects with angiographic proof of significant coronary artery disease. PMID- 3912054 TI - Predischarge exercise testing after myocardial infarction: prognostic and therapeutic features. PMID- 3912055 TI - The calcium channel blocker verapamil and cancer chemotherapy. AB - Verapamil is an agent which inhibits the transmembrane flux of calcium ions and is used clinically in the management of cardiac arrhythmias. Combination of this calcium antagonist with antineoplastic agents results in the establishment of chemosensitivity in tumor cells resistant to accepted chemotherapeutic agents and, to a lesser degree, potentiates the efficacy of such compounds in drug sensitive malignancies. Preliminary indications are that the clinical role of such a potentiation of efficacy would not be limited by an increase in generalized toxicity in non-malignant tissues. Data accumulated indicates a verapamil-induced inhibition of the ability of resistant cells to actively extrude chemotherapeutic agents, possibly due to a decrease in calmodulin activity as a result of a drug-induced alteration of the intracellular calcium environment. The results of preclinical trials to date indicate a role for verapamil in augmenting currently accepted chemotherapeutic regimens. PMID- 3912056 TI - [Discovery of Parafossarulus anomaloispiralis as the first intermediate host of Clonochis sinensis]. PMID- 3912057 TI - [Preliminary use of delimiting the boundry of endemic foci and eliminating their source in the prevention and treatment of malaria]. PMID- 3912058 TI - [Preventing bacillary dysentery with magnetized drinking water]. PMID- 3912059 TI - [Epidemiologic survey of malaria at Wei-xi County in Yunnan Province]. PMID- 3912060 TI - [Epidemiologic survey of an outbreak of food-borne bacillary dysentery]. PMID- 3912061 TI - [Epidemiologic survey of a nosocomial outbreak of gastroenteritis due to Salmonella typhi murium]. PMID- 3912062 TI - [Distribution and ecology of Anopheles lesteri, a human blood-sucking subspecies and its role in malaria transmission]. PMID- 3912063 TI - Preliminary investigation of the relationship between malaria, anaemia, parasite density, malaria specific antibody and syphilis reactivity in Ndola Central Hospital--Zambia. PMID- 3912064 TI - Controlled drug delivery in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. AB - Diabetes not only requires correction of an insulin deficiency but it also demands adequate insulin delivery. A short historical review is given over the first 60 years of insulin treatment, where emphasis was mainly on the correction of insulin deficiency. Despite concerted efforts, metabolic results were often poor, and there was a high incidence of late complications, which will be described briefly. A major aim of new treatment approaches, which emphasizes better routes of insulin delivery, is the prevention or reversal of these late complications. Closed-loop systems are infusion systems located outside the body which deliver insulin according to glucose values that are measured continuously. The state of the art for such systems will be described with examples of clinical applications and results. These systems aid and stimulate research, but offer no long-term application for treatment. Open-loop systems are portable, both external and implantable, and lack an accurate glucose sensor so that the loop can be closed. A number of insulin delivery systems have been developed in this category ranging from highly complex, fully implantable units, programable from outside, to simple basal-rate infusion pumps. Various pumps are designed to be used with varying delivery routes, and the evaluation of different routes will be a vital topic in this article. Pros and cons of the intravenous, intraperitoneal, and subcutaneous routes will be discussed, with supporting research referenced. Clinical experience will be cited for both the complex and the simple infusion systems. Other topics to be covered include feasibility of long-term treatment, complications of this new treatment approach, guidelines for patient instruction and supervision, requirements for treatment of large patient groups with pumps in a modern diabetes center, requirements for the physician, the influence of improved metabolic control on late complications (prevention or regression), the possibility for a portable closed-loop system, and future outlook. The primary author is the founder of an international study group on diabetes treatment with implantable insulin delivery devices. The common goals of this study group will also be presented. Special emphasis will be placed on a differentiated approach to treatment of Type I and Type II diabetes with a family of devices. Clinical work and results from a large patient group will be included throughout. PMID- 3912065 TI - [An important anniversary in Czechoslovak pharmacy]. PMID- 3912066 TI - [Medicinal plant gardens in the history of Czechoslovak pharmacy (the 14th to the 18th century)]. PMID- 3912067 TI - [Origin of the term "endogenous psychosis" and so-called "uniform psychosis"]. PMID- 3912068 TI - [Fluspirilene in schizophrenia maintenance therapy and its interaction with dexetimide]. PMID- 3912069 TI - [Current conflicts in health care in the USA]. PMID- 3912070 TI - Enzyme immunoassay for the determination of des-Gly10-NH2-LH-RH-ethylamide (fertirelin) in bovine plasma. PMID- 3912071 TI - Mutagenicity of urinary metabolites of 2,4-dinitrotoluene to Salmonella typhimurium. PMID- 3912072 TI - [Liver transplantation in children]. AB - Liver transplantation has become a clinical therapeutic modality for end stage liver diseases. The results achieved in children are better than in adults: in T.E. Starzl unique experience in Pittsburgh, USA, the survival rate at one and four years are 75 and 70% respectively. Complete rehabilitation of these children can nowadays be expected. Between March 1984 and June 1985, 8 children received an orthotopic liver transplantation at the University of Louvain Medical School in Brussels, Belgium; one child received two transplantations after acute and irreversible rejection of a first ABO incompatible graft. The indications were biliary atresia in five (polysplenia in one), biliary hypoplasia in one, alpha-1 antitrypsine deficiency in one and Crigler-Najjar syndrome type I in one. The age of the patients at the time of liver replacement was 12 to 18 months in four, 8 to 13 years in four. Six patients are alive after 17, 14, 12, 10, 3 and 3 months; the two youngest children deceased during the first postoperative month. The Kaplan-Meyer one year survival rate is 75%; all surviving children are in excellent clinical condition with a normal liver function. The 9 transplanted livers were harvested from multiorgan cerebral death donors with the exception of one neonate whose liver alone was removed; 4 were retrieved locally, the five others were offered by foreign hospitals through the organ procurement agencies (Eurotransplant, France-Transplant, U.K. Transplant). Due to appropriate logistics with air flight transportation of the harvesting team when indicated, the total ischaemia time was kept below 6 hours in every case. Two small children underwent a left lobe orthotopic transplantation after ex vivo right trisegmentectomy of the liver retrieved from an older donor with one long term survival. The indications for liver transplantation in children are end-stage liver diseases consisting of a) cholestatic diseases among which the most frequent is biliary atresia after unsuccessful Kasai procedure followed by familial cholestasis (Byler syndrome) and the paucity of the intrahepatic bile ducts of the syndromatic (Alagille syndrome) or non syndromatic type. b) the metabolic diseases resulting either in cirrhosis with liver failure (alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, Wilson disease, glycogen storage disease type I and IV, protoporphyria) or in extrahepatic complications of enzymatic deficiency of an otherwise normally functioning liver (Crigler-Najjar syndrome type I, familial hypercholesterolemia and perhaps oxalosis). c) the hepatocellular diseases either chronic with cirrhosis of various origin or acute, eg. toxic hepatitis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3912073 TI - [Pulmonary adenomatoid malformation. Prenatal diagnosis]. AB - A case of congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung (Type III) is presented with prenatal ultrasound findings at 21st week. Operation in neonatal period. Association with sequestration. The first healing. PMID- 3912074 TI - [Fetal uropathies. Diagnostic and therapeutic problems]. AB - Based on the experience of 63 antenatal diagnosis of fetal uropathies, the authors discuss the diagnostic problems, practical implications of antenatal diagnosis and potential indications of in utero interventions. A correct diagnosis was established in 43 out of the 63 cases (70%). Diagnostic problems were encountered in differentiating between multicystic dysplastic kidneys and uretero-pelvic junction obstruction, dilatation due to reflux or from obstruction and from the lack of visualisation of small hypoplastic kidneys. Transitory urinary tract dilatations were found in 14 cases (22%) and can be responsible for additional false positive findings. Evaluation of the thoracic development and amniotic fluid must be part of the examination since they are related to severe obstructive uropathy. Repeated examinations are necessary in these cases. In evaluating the eventual benefit of an in utero decompression one should keep in mind the diagnostic difficulties but mainly the time of diagnosis of most uropathies when related to the time of its onset during morphogenesis and the absence of any reliable method of evaluation of fetal renal function. This leads the authors to consider that at the present time there are no real indication for in utero intervention. The major benefit of prenatal echography is to allow early recognition of major uropathies before postnatal infection worsens it prognosis. PMID- 3912075 TI - [Surgical treatment of the Stilling-Turk-Duane retraction syndrome]. PMID- 3912076 TI - [Use of biocompatible surgical adhesives for the treatment of corneal perforations]. PMID- 3912077 TI - [Our 10-year experience with reefing of the sclera: internal plication of the sclera]. PMID- 3912078 TI - Epidemiology of subperiodic bancroftian filariasis in Samoa 8 years after control by mass treatment with diethylcarbamazine. AB - In 1979, a microfilarial prevalence study was conducted in a population of 8385 persons inhabiting 28 villages in Samoa using both the nuclepore filtration (NP) method (with 1 ml blood) and the fingerprick (FP) method (with 60 mm(3) blood). The overall prevalence rate was 4.5% by the NP method and 3.8% by the FP method. The average microfilarial prevalence in males was 2.3 times higher than in females, and the rate among males aged 30 years and over was as high as 20%. The positive cases were found to be concentrated in certain households.The median microfilarial density (MfD-50) for the whole of Samoa was 18.6 using 60-mm(3) blood samples (males, 21.4; females 14.2). While the MfD-50 of any village has a positive association with the microfilarial prevalence rate of that village, a relatively high MfD-50 was noticed among young people under 20 years of age together with low prevalence rates.The negative binomial distribution was fitted to the data on the distribution of microfilarial counts in Samoa and gave a better fit than the log-normal distribution. The data having been fitted to the negative binomial, the number of false negatives could be determined as 9% of the estimated number of positives in the survey population when the NP method was employed and about 25% with the FP method.Further studies revealed that 15.1% of the microfilaria carriers presented some clinical manifestation, the most common being an attack of filarial fever (13.1%). The average duration of a fever attack was 3.5 days and the total period with fever/person/year averaged 27.1 days. PMID- 3912080 TI - Macro creatine kinase type 2 in human colonic tissues. AB - Macro creatine kinase type 2 (MCK-2) is a promising new tumour marker for carcinoma of the colon. We have purified it from tumour tissue, from serum and, for the first time, from normal colonic epithelium and identified it in a tissue culture line of colon cancer cells. The molecular weight of each preparation, regardless of the source, was similar. Its consistent presence in tumours and in normal colon, contrasted to its variable appearance in serum, implies that there are other factors affecting its release into, or removal from, the circulation. PMID- 3912079 TI - Turkey red blood cell passive haemagglutination assay as guideline for specific prevention of tetanus in injured persons. AB - Turkey red blood cell passive haemagglutination assays (TRBC-HA) were carried out on serum samples from 873 injured patients in order to compare individual prophylactic treatment against tetanus based on the anti-tetanus antibody levels with interventions based on anamnestic criteria. The results showed a great difference: according to the anamnesis 124 persons (14.2%) were protected, 253 (29%) were partially protected, and 496 (56.8%) were unprotected; according to the TRBC-HA assay, 479 (54.9%) were protected, 279 (32%) partially protected, and 115 (13.2%) unprotected.The efficiency of the prophylactic treatments given on the basis of the two criteria was also compared in a study of 129 injured patients who were divided in two groups: group 1 (50 patients) received 250 IU of human tetanus immunoglobulin (HTI) regardless of their tetanus immunity, and group II (79 patients) received appropriate or no treatment depending on the level of anti-tetanus antibodies determined by TRBC-HA assay. The results showed that prophylactic interventions based on the anti-tetanus antibody levels can give protection in 100% of injured patients at minimum cost and risk. PMID- 3912081 TI - Morphosis, occult forces and ectoplasm--the role of glues and proteolysis in skin disease. PMID- 3912082 TI - Sarcomas--a clinicopathological guide with special reference to cutaneous manifestation. IV. Extraskeletal osteosarcoma, extraskeletal chondrosarcoma, alveolar soft part sarcoma, clear cell sarcoma and discussion. PMID- 3912083 TI - The surgical removal of amateur tattoos. PMID- 3912084 TI - Effects of dopamine on renal function in the rat isolated perfused kidney. AB - The renal effects of dopamine, the dopamine antagonist spiperone and the combination of dopamine and spiperone were examined in the isolated perfused rat kidney preparation. Studies were carried out at constant perfusion pressure and the following were measured at 10 min intervals for 1 h: perfusate flow; GFR (3H inulin); urine flow rate; sodium, potassium and kallikrein excretion; perfusate renin concentration; perfusate and urinary-dopamine levels. Low-dose dopamine infusion (6 X 10(-10) mol/min) resulted in significant diuresis, natriuresis and kaluresis but little change in GFR. These effects were blocked by spiperone (10( 10) mol/min) which had no significant effects when infused alone. At a higher dose (10(-8) mol/min) dopamine significantly increased urine flow alone; this too was reversed by spiperone. Dopamine had no significant effects on perfusate flow, renin release or kallikrein excretion. Perfused control kidneys excreted amounts of dopamine (328 pmol/h, s.e.m. = 57, n = 6) far in excess of kidney dopamine content (49 pmol/g, s.e.m. = 6, n = 32). Renal handling of infused dopamine was dose-related; the fraction of the administered dose taken up and/or metabolized by the kidney on the higher dose infusion was considerably less than on the lower dose (40%, s.e.m. = 3 vs. 82%, s.e.m. = 6) while more was excreted (13%, s.e.m. = 3 vs. 2%, s.e.m. = 1). These studies indicate that dopamine at low doses can produce diuresis, natriuresis and kaluresis independently of extrarenal or haemodynamic influences and not mediated by renal renin or kallikrein systems. The kidney also exhibits a saturable capacity for dopamine uptake and/or metabolism. PMID- 3912085 TI - Systemic and regional haemodynamic profile of captopril in conscious rabbits with bilateral cellophane perinephritis hypertension. AB - The radioactive microsphere technique was used to study the systemic and regional haemodynamic effects of the converting enzyme inhibitor captopril (0.1, 0.3 and 1.0 mg/kg) 10 min after intravenous administration in conscious rabbits with bilateral cellophane perinephritis hypertension, an experimental model of hypertension associated with normal plasma renin levels. Captopril lowered arterial blood pressure as a result of a dose-dependent decrease in total peripheral resistance. The fall in blood pressure was accompanied by an increase in cardiac output after the second and third dose of captopril; heart rate was not significantly altered. Captopril produced a generalized peripheral vasodilatation; the changes in vascular conductance being most pronounced in the kidneys, intestines and skin which resulted in a significant increase in blood flow to these vascular beds. The effective antihypertensive properties of captopril in this 'low plasma renin' model of hypertension and the uniform increase in vascular conductances produced by captopril, which antagonizes the generalized increase in vascular resistances that characterizes cellophane perinephritis hypertension, may indicate the involvement of an increased activity of the renin-angiotensin system, possibly in tissues, such as the vascular wall and brain, in the maintenance of the elevated blood pressure in this hypertensive form. PMID- 3912086 TI - Gyrate erythema. AB - The gyrate erythemas consist of a nonspecific group (often called erythema annulare centrifugum) for which the cause is usually unknown, and three specific types (erythema marginatum rheumaticum, erythema chronicum migrans [Lyme disease], and erythema gyratum repens). The first specific type, erythema marginatum rheumaticum, has become extremely rare with the decline of its associated disease, rheumatic fever. The second specific type, erythema chronicum migrans, is caused by a spirochete transmitted by the I. ricinus complex of ticks. The third specific type, erythema gyratum repens, is uncommon, morphologically distinctive, and an indicator of serious disease, usually internal malignancy, in almost every instance. PMID- 3912087 TI - Acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis (Sweet's syndrome) and the related conditions of "bowel bypass" syndrome and bullous pyoderma gangrenosum. AB - Since Sweet's initial description of eight patients, the concept of acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis has evolved and changed. We have expanded it to include patients with bullous pyoderma gangrenosum, bowel-bypass syndrome with or without the bypass, the vesiculopustular eruption or ulcerative colitis, and possibly even typical pyoderma gangrenosum. A variant of acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis in which acute myeloid leukemia is present has been reported and seems identical to bullous pyoderma gangrenosum. Although no clear pathogenesis has been demonstrated, studies of the bowel-bypass syndrome have implicated immune complex disease. Therapy with prednisone is usually effective, but numerous other anti-inflammatory agents have been used effectively. PMID- 3912088 TI - Immune complexes in the reactive inflammatory vascular dermatoses. AB - Immune complexes are formed by the interaction of antigen and antibody. When these complexes are deposited in tissue, they activate complement that is chemotactic to neutrophils. Neutrophil release of lysozymal enzymes results in destruction of tissue. In the skin this destruction manifests itself clinically as vasculitic lesions. Occasionally other clinical lesions, such as urticaria, erythema multiforme, and so forth, may be a manifestation of immune complex disease. PMID- 3912089 TI - The contact urticaria syndrome. AB - Contact urticaria may occur following contact of the skin or mucous membranes with a large number of diverse substances. When localized angioedematous reactions of the eyes or oropharynx are caused by proteinaceous substances, the distinction between contact urticaria and common inhalant or food allergies is subtle. The time course of the reaction, negative controls, or occurrence of generalized symptoms do not constitute unequivocal evidence of immunologic contact urticaria, and confirmation by RAST or passive transfer testing is required. Clinical symptoms range from mild, localized erythema to generalized anaphylaxis. When contact urticaria becomes superimposed on eczematous skin, immediate reactions that resemble eczema more than urticaria may occur. Dermatologists must increase their awareness of these clinical reactions and evaluate the external environment when searching for causes of localized urticarial reactions. PMID- 3912090 TI - [Stimulation of insulin secretion by ambenonium chloride (Mytelase)]. PMID- 3912091 TI - [A case of human adjuvant disease with polyneuropathy]. PMID- 3912092 TI - Borrelia burgdorferi, a possible cause of Bell's palsy? AB - The etiology of Bell's palsy (B.P.) is as yet unknown. In 7 out of 20 patients with B.P. we observed significantly elevated antibodies against Borrelia burgdoferi (IgM and IgG) by means of an indirect Immunofluorescence test (IIFT). Controls were 50 healthy subjects and 25 patients with various neurological disorders. All were of comparable age and sex, with similar residential backgrounds. In this group no significant titer of antibodies against B.burgdorferi were detectable. PMID- 3912093 TI - The effect of intravenous prostaglandin E1 on ischaemic pain and on leg blood flow in subjects with peripheral artery disease: a double-blind controlled study. AB - The effect of intravenous PGE1 (15 micrograms/h for 72 h) and saline (placebo) on ischaemic resting pains and the macro- and microcirculation was studied in 16 patients with peripheral artery disease. No significant difference in pain relief was observed between PGE1 and placebo. The calf blood-flow was unchanged during both infusions. Skin temperature in the arteriosclerotic foot, however, increased significantly during PGE1 infusion but not during saline infusion. No significant effects were seen on blood-pressure, fluorescein angiography or vital capillary microscopy of the big toe 1 week or 1 month after the PGE1 and placebo infusions. PMID- 3912094 TI - Mixed venous blood temperature response to exercise in heart failure patients treated with short-term vasodilators. AB - Deep-body or core temperature decreases during exercise in patients with heart failure, primarily due to the circulatory inadequacies associated with the pathophysiology of this condition. Vasodilators are commonly used to treat patients suffering from heart failure because these drugs improve total cardiac output and blood-flow to the regional circulations. In heart failure patients, the core temperature response to exercise should also be affected if the circulation is improved by vasodilators. Patients with severe heart failure were studied at rest and during upright bicycle exercise before, and after, short-term treatment with vasodilators (2-minoxidil, 3-hydralazine, 5-captopril). Their heart rate increased significantly (P less than 0.05) from rest to exercise before (87 +/- 15 109 +/- 14 beats/min), and after 89 +/- 13- 112 +/- 15 beats/min) vasodilators, but there was no drug-related affect on these changes. Mean arterial and pulmonary capillary wedge pressures were significantly (P less than 0.05) decreased at rest and after the administration of vasodilators (mean arterial pressure 88 +/- 7 mmHg before; 77 +/- 8 mmHg after; pulmonary capillary wedge pressure 25 +/- 8 mmHg before, 19 +/- 9 mmHg after). During exercise, the increases in mean arterial and pulmonary capillary wedge pressures were not significantly different from the before vasodilator values (mean arterial pressure 92 +/- 14 mmHg before, 87 +/- 14 mmHg after; pulmonary capillary wedge pressure 31 +/- 11 mmHg before, 29 +/- 11 mmHg after). Vasodilators increased cardiac output significantly (P less than 0.05) at rest (3.1 +/- 0.6 litre/min to 4.1 +/- 1.1 litre/m) and during exercise (4.8 +/- .2 litre/min-5.6 +/- 1.7 litre/min). The core temperature (mixed venous blood temperature) decreased significantly (P less than 0.05) during exercise from 37.04 +/- 0.62 degrees C to 36.65 +/- 0.65 degrees C, before treatment with vasodilators. After administration of vasodilators, resting core temperature was not significantly different (36.95 +/- 0.54 degrees C) and still decreased significantly (P less than 0.05) during exercise to 36.73 +/- 0.53 degrees C. This decrease was significantly (P less than 0.05) different from the core temperature response before the administration of vasodilators. We conclude that heart failure patients, treated with short-term vasodilators, have an attenuation of the core temperature response that typically occurs during exercise. This change in the core temperature response is the result of the vasodilator-induced improvement in circulation. PMID- 3912096 TI - The emergency bed service--the past illuminates the present. PMID- 3912095 TI - Factors of importance in the hyperglycaemia induced by upper abdominal surgery. AB - The variation in the hyperglycaemic response, between different individuals, is large in the immediate postoperative period. In the present study, factors of possible importance in the hyperglycaemic response to standardized elective surgery (cholecystectomy) were determined by stepwise multiple linear regression analysis. The statistical analysis comprised 29 variables which included hormones (catecholamines, cortisol, insulin, thyroid hormones), blood-borne energy metabolites (glucose, lactate, free fatty acids (FFA), glycerol, 3 hydroxybutyrate, alanine) as well as anthropometric data and variables related to surgery and anaesthesia. In linear regression analysis, with one independent variable, the glucose concentration correlated significantly with: the duration of surgery, the dose of pancuronium bromide, the dose of fentanyl, the lactate, adrenaline and cortisol concentrations respectively. The variables which, when successively included in stepwise regression, significantly reduced the residual variance for glucose were, in order of introduction; the duration of surgery and the cortisol and adrenaline concentrations respectively. It is concluded that, in standardized surgical trauma the duration of surgery may influence the metabolic response to surgery. Duration of surgery has, thus, to be taken into account when interpreting results from studies where different treatments are compared. Our results confirm that there is a synergistic effect of cortisol and adrenaline in mediating the hyperglycaemic response to surgery. PMID- 3912097 TI - Communicable disease report. April to June 1985. PMID- 3912098 TI - Thymocyte growth factor: a progression growth factor for cycling immature cortical thymocytes. AB - A growth factor for cultured guinea pig thymocytes was isolated from an extract of calf thymus. This thymocyte growth factor (TGF) was purified to apparent homogeneity employing reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography as the final step. TGF was characterized as an N-terminal blocked hydrophilic peptide with an apparent Mr of 1600. The amino acid composition revealed a high content of acidic amino acids but no apparent relationship with previously defined growth factors and thymic differentiation hormones. TGF was active in nanomolar concentration and stimulated the DNA synthesis and mitotic activity specifically in a subpopulation of thymocytes with immature cortical phenotype. The responsive thymocytes were recruited from G1 into S phase within 2 h after addition of TGF. In the absence of the growth factor, the target cells were blocked at a putative restriction point in G1, 1 1/2 h prior to the onset of the S phase. It is proposed that TGF is a progression growth factor participating in the regulation of the intense proliferation of immature thymocytes in the thymus cortex in vivo. PMID- 3912099 TI - Action of a cysteine proteinase from pupae of the blowfly Aldrichina grahami on the oxidized B-chain of bovine insulin. AB - A cysteine proteinase purified from pupae of the blowfly (A. grahami) was tested for its peptide-bond specificity against the oxidized B-chain of insulin. Fifteen peptides were separated on HPLC using both gradient and isocratic elution methods. Analyses of amino acid content and N-terminal amino acids indicated that these were eleven homogeneous peptides produced by digestion and undigested insulin B-chain. Glu13-Ala14 and Tyr26-Thr27 were the major cleavage sites, and Asn3-Gln4, Cys7-Gly8, Tyr16-Leu17, Leu17-Val18 and Cys19-Gly20 were also often cleaved. These findings show the similarity between this enzyme and cathepsin L. PMID- 3912100 TI - Diagnostic accuracy of intravenous digital subtraction angiography for peripheral vascular diseases. AB - Intravenous digital subtraction angiography (IV DSA) was performed on 406 regions of 241 patients with peripheral vascular diseases. The results were compared with conventional angiograms for 167 arteries. There was excellent correlation between conventional angiograms and IV DSA. The diagnostic accuracy was 95 with 97% sensitivity and 94% specificity when more than 60% stenoses were taken into consideration. DSA is a less-invasive procedure which can be performed on out patients for screening and follow-up evaluation of peripheral vascular diseases. PMID- 3912101 TI - Technical developments and instrumentation: biplane digital subtraction angiography. AB - Biplane digital subtraction angiography was utilized in 200 patients having intravenous or intra arterial studies. Images were of excellent quality without cross fogging by scattered radiation using an alternating exposure series. Decreased contrast load and decreased procedure time were significant benefits. PMID- 3912102 TI - Non-isocentric applications of biplane digital subtraction angiography. AB - Biplane DSA, particularly with the option of non-isocentric positioning of the two imaging chains, further decreases the risk of angiography by obtaining multiple views of the same area or views of two different anatomic areas during a single injection of contrast material. For example, an aortorenal angiogram can be recorded at the same time as an arch aortogram using a single injection of contrast. Similarly an intracranial view can be recorded with the same contrast injection as an arch aortogram or cervical carotid arteriogram. PMID- 3912103 TI - Allergy in hip arthroplasty. AB - A prospective study was made in 85 patients of the relationship between implantation of metal-to-polyethylene hip prostheses and the incidence of delayed type allergy to components of the prostheses. It shows that sensitization to cobalt, nickel and chromate, and to methacrylate, can develop as a result of such implantation. Loosening did not occur in any of the cases of possible sensitization. Evidence of allergy to prosthetic components was not found in any of the 10 cases of loosening. PMID- 3912104 TI - Breast cancer and oral contraceptives: a review. AB - The relationship between oral contraceptive use and breast cancer was investigated in 22 major epidemiological studies, which are reviewed in this paper. The overall risk ratio was never found to increase when computed among all users vs. nonusers. Risk increases were found in some studies within specific subgroups; but in general, if any risk exists, it is not much more than one. Future studies should focus specifically on women under age 25, on women before a first full-term pregnancy and, to a lesser extent, on perimenopausal women and on women who have had a benign breast disease. PMID- 3912105 TI - Fertility regulation in nursing women: VIII. Progesterone plasma levels and contraceptive efficacy of a progesterone-releasing vaginal ring. AB - The objectives of this trial were to test the contraceptive efficacy and measure progesterone plasma levels of women using progesterone-releasing rings during lactation. Two types of rings delivering an average of about 5 mg or 10 mg of progesterone per day were tested in 128 healthy nursing women. A control group was formed by 127 Copper T users. Rings were inserted at day 60 postpartum and replaced every 3 months with a new one. Initially progesterone plasma levels were around 10 nmol/l and 15 nmol/l for rings releasing 5 and 10 mg per day, respectively, and decreased slightly after 30 days. Levels observed in subsequent segments of use approximated those of the first segment. These levels are within the range shown to inhibit fertility in lactating women. One pregnancy was diagnosed in 739 woman-months of progesterone ring use, and none occurred in 794 woman-months of Copper T use, which contrasts with the high incidence of pregnancy in a group of untreated nursing women where 19 pregnancies resulted during 677 woman-months. No deleterious effects were detected lactation and infant growth or maternal and infant health. It is concluded that the vaginal rings releasing progesterone are a suitable contraceptive method for lactating women. PMID- 3912106 TI - The use of computerized registries for the follow-up of patients undergoing renal replacement therapy. Current experience and outlook into the future. PMID- 3912107 TI - Glomerular lesions in malignancies. AB - Glomerular lesions have been recognized in nearly all forms of malignant diseases. The incidence within each category of malignancy varies substantially but in most series represents less than 2% of the population. While there is a considerable variety of glomerular lesions, a number of general statements may be made. In Hodgkin's disease and other lymphomas, the most common lesion is minimal lesion nephrotic syndrome, reflecting possibly an anomaly of T cell function. Amyloidosis which used to be the commonest lesion has nearly disappeared. On the other hand, in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia a large proportion of glomerular lesions fall into the category of proliferative glomerulonephritis. In carcinoma the vast majority of glomerular lesions with proteinuria or the nephrotic syndrome are due to membranous glomerulonephritis. This suggests either a local alteration of fixed glomerular antigens, or localization of tumor antigens planted in the glomeruli leading to the formation of local immunocomplexes. Amyloid AA is still frequent in carcinoma and complicates as much as 3% of renal adenocarcinomas. PMID- 3912108 TI - Experience in the computer handling of clinical data for dialysis and transplantation units: an Italian regional (Piedmont) registry. PMID- 3912109 TI - Acquired multicystic transformation of kidneys. AB - Acquired multicystic renal transformation of diseased kidneys is a problem known since the early 19th century which has recently regained interest. Such cysts were known before dialysis was established, are seen prior to hemodialysis and in patients on peritoneal dialysis, and can therefore not be a consequence of hemodialysis. It is concluded that an increased incidence of renal cell carcinoma in such kidneys is not established, although, theoretically, several mechanisms might promote carcinogenesis in end-stage kidneys. PMID- 3912110 TI - The United Kingdom Medical Research Council's glomerulonephritis registry. PMID- 3912111 TI - Hormonal abnormalities in renal transplantation. AB - It is generally maintained that the variety of endocrine disorders which occur in uraemia and persist in dialysis (above all hormones whose production and/or metabolic clearance are pertinent functions of the kidney) usually abate after successful renal transplantation. However, a retrospective analysis of long-term results in 71 out of 275 cases serially studied by regular checks, indicates that this event occurs in no more than 2/3 of successfully transplanted patients. In the other patients various endocrine abnormalities may be documented: some seem apparently 'inherited' from uraemia (hyperparathyroidism, sexual dysfunction, growth retardation); some are mainly related to steroids (hyperinsulinism), and some have a de novo origin (erythrocytosis, reno-vascular hypertension). These endocrine abnormalities may occur with a normal or reduced graft function, have a baseline or stimulated expression, a clinical or subclinical course, and a reversible or irreversible outcome. A proper grasp of these events in renal transplantation is of clinical significance particularly for the long-term patient and graft prognosis. PMID- 3912112 TI - Comparison of cyclothiazide and hydrochlorthiazide in hypertension. Effects of different doses of diuretics. AB - In a group of 12 hypertensive outpatients, randomized double-blind cross-over comparison of the antihypertensive effect of various doses of cyclothiazide and hydrochlorthiazide revealed that 2.5 mg of cyclothiazide daily or 25 mg of hydrochlorthiazide daily have an equal antihypertensive effect. Increasing the dose of either diuretic did not further reduce the blood pressure. PMID- 3912113 TI - PKP for PBK--we don't have all the answers. PMID- 3912114 TI - Corneal transplant allograft reactions in unilateral, double corneal transplants. AB - In support of the idea that the HLA system plays a major role in corneal graft rejection, we report these two unique cases. Both had two penetrating grafts in the same eye. One was a regular graft and the second a patch graft to repair a perforation in the initial one. In the first case, the original graft had an allograft reaction and the patch graft remained unaffected. In the second case, an allograft reaction to the patch graft developed while the regular graft remained completely clear. Both grafts in the two cases cleared following medical therapy. The fact that in these two cases rejection reactions involved one transplant only, even though the other graft was subject to the same conditions, implies that the difference in the antigenicity of the two grafts is an important factor in the chain of events leading to rejection. PMID- 3912115 TI - Crystalline deposits and graft rejection. PMID- 3912117 TI - Modulation by covalent modification. Festschrift: Thressa C. Stadtman and Earl R. Stadtman. PMID- 3912116 TI - The surgical approach to congenital heart disease. PMID- 3912118 TI - Molecular basis of intracellular regulation of thiol proteinase inhibitors. PMID- 3912119 TI - Insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of actin by human placental insulin receptor preparations. PMID- 3912120 TI - Staphylococcal infections of the skin and skin structures. AB - A review of the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and therapy of staphylococcal skin and skin structure infections begins with discussion of the staphylococcal carrier state. Patients carrying Staphylococcus aureus are particularly vulnerable to infection if their skin is broken by wounds or placement of intravenous lines or catheters. S. aureus begins the process of infection by binding tightly to fibronectin-coated surfaces and endothelial cells; bacterial invasion, however, depends on the innate pathogenicity of the bacterial strain and on the status of the host's defenses. The carrier state may be manifested by recurrent infections in the skin and skin structures. Infection may be spontaneous, associated with skin trauma and/or presence of a foreign body, or related to the presence of bacteria. For diagnosis, appropriate samples of purulent materials are needed for Gram stain and culture. Drainage is absolutely essential. Most staphylococci are now penicillinase-producing. Initial coverage with a cell-wall-active agent combined with an aminoglycoside is usually highly effective. If a methicillin-resistant organism is suspected, vancomycin should be used. Treatment of the carrier state may eliminate recurrent episodes of staphylococcal skin infection. Meticulous infection-control procedures are extremely important in the prevention of staphylococcal infection of the skin and skin structures. PMID- 3912121 TI - Update on antimicrobial therapy for otitis media and sinusitis in children. AB - Acute otitis media and chronic otitis media with effusion are generally caused in children by the bacteria found in the nasopharynx. In growing numbers of young patients, beta-lactamase-producing strains of Branhamella catarrhalis and Staphylococcus aureus have recently emerged as causative organisms. The antimicrobial agent selected for treatment should be effective against whatever pathogens have been associated with failures of symptomatic treatment in the community. Acute or chronic sinusitis in children is overlooked and poorly understood because so many children have frequent episodes of upper respiratory infection. To relieve acute symptoms and prevent suppurative complications, antimicrobial treatment is indicated. Children with persistent pain or fever may require surgical intervention and/or treatment with another antimicrobial agent. Recurrent acute sinusitis needs further evaluation and may be associated with a tooth abscess or cystic fibrosis. PMID- 3912122 TI - [Orthodontic-speech rehabilitation of children with premature loss of deciduous teeth]. PMID- 3912123 TI - [Artificial dentures in the opinion of adolescents from Warsaw high schools]. PMID- 3912124 TI - [Tooth loss and prosthetic-orthodontic needs and their relation to workers with periodontal diseases]. PMID- 3912125 TI - [An esthetic solution: composite vestibular veneers]. PMID- 3912126 TI - [Orientation of the occlusal plane in removable complete dentures: a step toward security]. PMID- 3912127 TI - [Intra-radicular attachment for removable partial dentures]. PMID- 3912128 TI - [Commemoration of the centennial of the birth of Henri Mondor (20 May 1885-6 April 1962)]. PMID- 3912129 TI - [Henri Mondor and the Academy of Surgery]. PMID- 3912130 TI - [Rectal cancer as seen by Henri Mondor three-quarters of a century ago]. PMID- 3912131 TI - [Sprains of the knee (Henri Mondor)]. PMID- 3912132 TI - [Injuries of the heart and pericardium (Henri Mondor)]. PMID- 3912133 TI - [Emergency diagnosis of the abdomen (Henri Mondor)]. PMID- 3912134 TI - [Study on the flux of a fixed prosthesis]. PMID- 3912135 TI - [Clinical significance of the estimation of serum and urinary beta 2 microglobulin in renal disease]. PMID- 3912136 TI - [Advances in research on AIDS]. PMID- 3912137 TI - [A comparison of two methods for detecting salmonella in foods]. PMID- 3912138 TI - [The toxic interaction between acetaldehyde and crotonaldehyde]. PMID- 3912139 TI - [Clinical analysis of 11 cases of left atrial myxoma]. PMID- 3912140 TI - [Intact middle-thickness autodermal graft of the deep burn of dorsum manus]. PMID- 3912141 TI - [Extra-renal juxtaglomerular cell tumor]. PMID- 3912142 TI - [Reconstruction of lower extremity veins]. PMID- 3912143 TI - Confessions from two experts: an experienced educator; educating mother. PMID- 3912144 TI - [Electrochemical regulation of the activity of immobilized alkaline phosphatase]. PMID- 3912145 TI - [Expression of the alpha-amylase gene of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens in Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeasts]. PMID- 3912146 TI - [Serine trypsin-like proteinase from the cells of the causative agent of plague Yersinia pestis]. PMID- 3912147 TI - [Electric activity of neurons of nuclear structures from the human midbrain during stereotaxic surgical interventions]. PMID- 3912148 TI - [Effect of captopril on the renin activity in spontaneous hypertension in rats]. PMID- 3912149 TI - [Advances on the relation between the metabolism and lipids and coronary diseases]. PMID- 3912150 TI - [Are prefabricated dentures useful in dental practice?]. PMID- 3912151 TI - [Principles for angle measurement on models]. PMID- 3912152 TI - [Cast model dentures and functional restoration as range indicator]. PMID- 3912153 TI - [Precision methods in the preparation of complete dentures]. PMID- 3912154 TI - The disease concept of alcoholism: a review. AB - Answering the question, 'Is alcoholism a disease?' has far-reaching implications for the alcoholic in treatment, judgments about the professional responsibility and competency of particular groups (physicians and nurses, psychiatrists, social workers, psychologists and recovering alcoholics), and for the epidemiologist whose job it is to define the problem an suggest ways of preventing it. Having provided the reader with the evidence pro and con that alcoholism is a disease, the implications of accepting the disease concept will be examined. PMID- 3912155 TI - Drug addicts and renal lesions. PMID- 3912156 TI - The control of cell mass and replication. The DNA unit--a personal 20-year study. AB - The deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is constant per cell in diploid tissues and in polyploid tissues the DNA content and the cytoplasm increase commensurately. In muscle the DNA unit (protein/DNA) was described on the assumption that each nucleus has jurisdiction over a certain volume of cytoplasm. Such an approach allows a sensible interpretation of metabolic data. Since 66-70% of nuclei are within myofibres muscle represents a reasonably homogeneous tissue. A brief historical review is made concerning the use of DNA as a cell constant. The application of this knowledge to normal human somatic growth and to disease states is considered as well as reduced nutrition and overnutrition. The consequences of reduced nutrition as it related to brain growth are briefly mentioned as is our 7 year study on the fetal primate (Macaca mulatta). Attention is focussed on our work in the early 1960's concerning the role of insulin and growth hormone on the DNA unit. In the last decade this work culminated in the close study of the Little Mouse with isolated growth hormone deficiency--thus exposing the panhypopituitary model (the human pituitary dwarf, Snell Smith mouse or hypophysectomised rat) as non-optimal models. The findings indicate that growth hormone is indeed related to cell replication and insulin to cytoplasmic growth in the postnatal period but the role of other hormones is clearly important, augmenting or opposing these hormones. The concept of constant change of the DNA unit not only applies to major tissues such as muscle but to the study of kidney growth when the contralateral kidney is removed (renal compensatory growth). Species differences are noted in the pattern of cell growth in muscle, but emphasis is placed on cell replication rather than on cytoplasmic growth in the primate. Restriction of protein energy metabolism mainly affects cytoplasmic growth of muscle but restoration of growth to expected levels is the rule. Overnutrition and obesity relate to excessive growth of DNA units in number rather than size. Attention is drawn to factors other than calories, proteins and hormones that influence hormonal actions viz. trace metals such as zinc, chromium and vanadium. The cell mass of the body can readily be reached by relatively non invasive methods and by monitoring the intracellular water. Muscle mass can be precisely measured by creatinine excretion. The cell mass of muscle constitutes 70% of the entire cell mass.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3912157 TI - [Effect of sodium salicylate on insulin secretion and blood glucose behavior in metabolically healthy and type II diabetic patients]. AB - The influence of Sodium-salicylate on insulin secretion and blood glucose behaviour was examined in 6 metabolic healthy persons and 9 type II-diabetics. Insulin secretion and blood glucose were twice examined under a combined stimulation with 100 g glucose (orally), 0.33 g glucose (Bolus injection) and 1.0 mg glucagon (i. v.) with and without a simultaneous infusion of Sodium salicylate during the whole period of examination (40 mg over 120 min). Sodium salicylate effected in type II-diabetics and metabolic healthy persons higher insulin levels. Qualitative differences of the insulin secretion pattern were not to be seen. In spite of higher insulin levels blood glucose was not influenced by Sodium salicylate. It is discussed if the results could be explained by a direct effect of Sodium salicylate on the cells ore on the metabolism of insulin and the gluconeogenesis. PMID- 3912158 TI - [Cephalic insulin secretion--neuromorphologic findings]. AB - The paper presented deals with the electron microscopy bases of experimental results, which show a cephalic insulin secretion. The B cell-producing insulin- is a highly innervated endocrine cell. Several nerve endings often form synaptic connexions at a single B cell. The synaptic clefts are usually 20-25 nm. The nerve endings cause an evident impression of the cell membrane. The narrow neuro cellular connexions form a structural bases of the cephalic insulin response. The interruption of this reflex loop caused by vagotomy eliminates cephalic mechanism. However, the innervation of the islets (electron microscopic examination) remains unaffected. Therefore the intramural nervous mechanism seems to be not excluded by vagotomy. PMID- 3912159 TI - Qualitative and quantitative differences in hLH species in the first and second LH release induced by continuous stimulation with synthetic LHRH in normal menstrual cycle as assessed by isoelectrofocusing. AB - It is known that continuous stimulation with LHRH induces a biphasic release of LH. The two pools theory is generally accepted in interpreting this phenomenon. The present study was conducted in order to elicit qualitative differences in LH included in the two pools. Five hundred micrograms synthetic LHRH was infused for 2h in 10 women in various phases of the menstrual cycle and 5 h blood sampling was performed during and after the infusion. Biphasic release of LH was demonstrated in all the cases investigated. The responsiveness to LHRH was most predominant in the midcycle, followed by the luteal phase. Pools of plasma samples at 30-105 min and 150-225 min of the LHRH infusion (plasma pools I and II; corresponding to the initial and the second LH release, respectively) were subjected to isoelectrofocusing (IEF) fractionation, pH range of 3.5-10. LH in plasma was classified in terms of isoelectric point (pI); i.e. A(pI = 9.13), B(8.60), C(8.16), D(7.67), E(7.24), and F(LH species migrating in the acidic pH area). Percentage of high alkaline LH species was significantly elevated in plasma pool I of the midcycle. No phasic difference was observed in the IEF profiles in plasma pool II. Consistent and significant increase and decrease in the percentage of acidic and high alkaline LH species, respectively, were observed throughout the menstrual cycle when the IEF profiles of plasma pool II were compared with those of pool I. The ratio of biological to immunological LH activities (B/I ratio) was markedly depressed in acidic LH species. The highest B/I ratios were obtained in the LH species migrating in the mid-alkaline region. The acidic LH species might represent the young generation of LH molecules prior to acquisition of biological potency. LH species migrating in the mid-alkaline region might be mature and bio-potent forms of the hormone. High alkaline LH species might represent LH molecules over-processed and having lost a degree of biological potency during a prolonged period of storage. PMID- 3912160 TI - Echographic findings and histological feature of the thyroid: a reverse relationship between the level of echo-amplitude and lymphocytic infiltration. AB - In 43 patients with Graves' disease, 5 patients with painless thyroiditis and 30 patients with Hashimoto-thyroiditis ultrasonographical observations and histological examinations by needle biopsy of the thyroid were carried out simultaneously. In all cases the level of echo-amplitude was well correlated with the rate of lymphocytic infiltrations and fibrosis. In cases which exhibited marked lymphocytic infiltrations in the thyroidal biopsy specimen, no apparent echoes or very low amplitude echoes were observed in the whole thyroid and in cases in which replacement with lymphocytic infiltration was observed in almost a half part of the thyroid, several sonolucent regions were observed in the thyroid and in cases in which lymphocytic infiltration or fibrosis was observed sporadically, low-amplitude and uniform echoes were observed in the whole or several regions of the thyroid. In cases with no lymphocytic infiltration in the histological specimen, diffuse high-amplitude and uniform echoes were observed throughout the whole lobe of the thyroid. In patients with painless thyroiditis, the amplitude of echo was low when the level of lymphocytic infiltration was high and the echo-amplitude showed a tendency to increase along with the decrease in the rate of lymphocytic infiltration. From these observations it is concluded that echo-amplitude is well correlated with lymphocytic infiltration and fibrosis in patients with Hashimoto-thyroiditis, Hashitoxicosis and painless thyroiditis. PMID- 3912161 TI - Agonistic activities of isoleucine8-angiotensin II in man. AB - In order to clarify the importance of C-terminal phenylalanine in angiotensin II (ANG II) molecule, agonistic activities of a C-terminal substituted peptide, isoleucine8-angiotensin II (Ile8-ANG II), were studied in comparison with those of sarcosine1-, isoleucine8-angiotensin II (Sar1-, Ile8-ANG II) and isoleucine5 angiotensin II (Ile5-ANG II) in 5 normal men. When infused iv at a rate of 600 pmol/kg X min for 30 min, Ile8-ANG II and Sar1-, Ile8-ANG II raised the blood pressure to the same extent (15/15 mmHg on the average), while the average blood pressure increase was 21/21 mmHg after an iv infusion of Ile5-ANG II at a rate of 5 pmol/kg X min for 30 min. Duration of the pressor action after the cessation of each infusion was 50-90, 90-120 and 10-25 min, respectively. In each case plasma renin activity (PRA) decreased and plasma aldosterone (PA) increased. When infused iv at a rate of 10 pmol/kg X min (maximum non-pressor dose) for 120 min, both Ile8-ANG II and Sar1-, Ile8-ANG II lowered PRA and increased PA gradually, but 100 mg oral captopril given immediately before these infusions caused no significant increase in PRA or no significant decrease in PA but again a decrease in PRA and an increase in PA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3912162 TI - Responses of pituitary and adrenal medulla to insulin-induced hypoglycemia in patients with anorexia nervosa. AB - The responses of pituitary and adrenomedullary hormones to insulin-induced hypoglycemia were studied in 10 patients with anorexia nervosa and 7 control females of comparable age. The increases in plasma GH and PRL were significantly smaller in the patients, while the responses of GH to arginine and of PRL to TRH were indistinguishable. Plasma cortisol attained similar peak levels in both groups with higher basal levels and smaller increments in the patients. The response of plasma epinephrine was markedly lower in the patients, although urinary epinephrine showed similar increase in both groups. These results suggest the possibility that the process by which hypoglycemic stimulus causes pituitary and adrenomedullary hormone secretion is deranged in patients with anorexia nervosa. PMID- 3912164 TI - Observer variations in radiographic evaluation of endodontic therapy. PMID- 3912163 TI - Pressor activity of angiotensin II-(2-7)-hexapeptide in man. AB - Pressor activity and speed of metabolic degradation of angiotensin II-(2-7) hexapeptide [ANG-(2-7)] were studied in 5 normal men. When infused iv at a rate of 72 nmol/kg X min for 7 min, ANG-(2-7) caused a very slight but statistically significant increase in blood pressure. Average blood pressure increases at 2, 5 and 7 min were 5/4, 8/10 and 8/9 mmHg, respectively, and the duration of the pressor action after the cessation of the infusion (T) was 5 min on the average. The pressor activity and T of this peptide were much less than or shorter than those of angiotensin II-(1-7)-heptapeptide [ANG-(1-7)] infused previously in the same 5 normal men at a rate of 18 nmol/kg X min, indicating that the pressor activity ratio of both the peptides in man is 1: greater than 7.2 which is similar to that of angiotensin II-(2-8)-heptapeptide (angiotensin III) and Ile5 angiotensin II (Ile5-ANG II) (1: greater than 5) and that the removal of N terminal aspartic acid from ANG-(1-7) hastens the speed of metabolic degradation of the peptide as from Ile5-ANG II. PMID- 3912165 TI - Strengthening and restoration of immature teeth with an acid-etch resin technique. PMID- 3912166 TI - Low or undetectable levels of surface high affinity cholera toxin receptors on normal hemopoietic growth factor-dependent cells. AB - The membrane monosialoganglioside GM1, the high affinity receptor for cholera toxin, is generally considered ubiquitous on normal cells. It was found to be abundant both on normal mature hemopoietic cells and on leukemic cells. By contrast, the normal factor-dependent cell lines, which achieve indefinite proliferation in the presence of the multilineage hemopoietic growth factor apparently displayed the unique character of having low or undetectable levels of surface membrane and cytoplasmic cholera toxin receptors. These results were obtained by the Scatchard analysis of 125iodinated toxin binding, immunofluorescence studies and gel electrophoresis autoradiography. This corroborated the fact that these cells were highly resistant to growth inhibition by cholera toxin (microM to fM) while normal mature cells and leukemic cells of similar phenotype were sensitive. PMID- 3912167 TI - Yeast mRNA initiation sites are determined primarily by specific sequences, not by the distance from the TATA element. AB - We present evidence suggesting that accurate mRNA initiation in yeast cells, unlike their higher eukaryotic counterparts, is determined primarily by specific sequences downstream from the TATA element. First, changing the distance between the his3 TATA element and the initiation region does not affect the sites of initiation or the level of RNA. Second, reciprocal his3-ded1 and ded1-his3 hybrid promoters containing the upstream and TATA elements of one gene fused to the mRNA coding region of the other gene initiate transcription at sites defined by wild type mRNA coding sequences, not by the distance from the TATA element. Third, when the his3 or ded1 promoter region is fused to position +2 of the his3 gene, transcripts initiated from a position equivalent to +1 are not observed. The results also suggest that the spacing between the TATA element and initiation site is relatively flexible; distance ranging from 40 to 90 bp appear to be functionally acceptable. PMID- 3912168 TI - The amino terminal half of the MS2-coded lysis protein is dispensable for function: implications for our understanding of coding region overlaps. AB - We have asked whether genetic overlaps only evolve to provide extra coding capacity in genomes of restricted size. As a model system we have used the lysis gene of the RNA bacteriophage MS2. This gene overlaps with the distal part of the coat protein gene and with the proximal part of the replicase gene. Using recombinant DNA procedures we have determined whether either of the two overlaps codes for amino acids that are not essential for the function of the 75 amino acid long lysis protein. We find that the first 40 amino acids of the lysis protein are dispensable for function. Thus all of the genetic information essential to the synthesis of the active C-terminal peptide lies within the overlap with the replicase gene, whereas all dispensable residues are encoded in the overlap with the coat protein gene and in the intercistronic region. This suggests that the overlap with the coat protein gene is not required for extra coding capacity but serves to regulate the expression of the lysis gene. Comparative sequence analysis is consistent with this idea. PMID- 3912169 TI - Molecular cloning of a DNA fragment from human chromosome 14(14q11) involved in T cell malignancies. AB - To isolate DNA segments specific to chromosome band 14q11, which has been implicated in a number of human T-cell malignancies, a genomic DNA library was prepared from a variant cell subline of the human lymphoblastic KE37 cell line. This subline (KE37-R) bears a t(8;14) (q24;q11) translocation, and the breakpoint on the resulting chromosome 8q+ has been located at the 3' end of the third c-myc exon. Three molecular clones were isolated by screening the library with a c-myc exon 3 probe, and one of them (lambda K40) was analyzed in detail. It contains a 15-kb insert consisting of 4.5 kb of sequence from chromosome 8 (e.g., downstream of c-myc exon 3) and sequences from chromosome 14. The origin of these latter sequences was established by hybridizing DNA from chromosomes sorted by flow cytometry to a lambda K40 subclone containing only chromosome 14 presumptive sequences and by Southern blot analysis of rodent X human somatic hybrid cell DNA with the same probe. No cross-hybridization was found between the lambda K40 clone and a cDNA clone for the alpha chain T-cell receptor gene which is also located in 14q11. A preliminary survey of DNAs from human T-cell malignancies with a probe corresponding to chromosome 14 sequences of lambda K40 clone revealed for some of them restriction patterns different from those of the germ line DNA. The fact that the rearrangement observed in a leukemic patient was not found in DNA from lymphocytes obtained during remission excluded any polymorphism.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3912170 TI - A general upstream binding factor for genes of the yeast translational apparatus. AB - Fractionation of yeast extracts on heparin-agarose revealed the presence of a DNA footprinting activity that interacted specifically with the 5'-upstream region of TEF1 and TEF2 genes coding for the protein synthesis elongation factor EF-1 alpha, and of the ribosomal protein gene RP51A. The protected regions encompassed the conserved sequences 'HOMOL1' (AACATC TA CG T A G CA) or RPG-box (ACCCATACATT TA) previously detected 200-400 bp upstream of most of the yeast ribosomal protein genes examined. Two types of protein-DNA complexes were separated by a gel electrophoresis retardation assay. Complex 1, formed on TEF1, TEF2 and RP51A 5'-flanking region, was correlated with the protection of a 25-bp sequence. Complex 2, formed on TEF2 or RP51A probes at higher protein concentrations, corresponded to an extended footprint of 35-40 bp. The migration characteristics of the protein-DNA complexes and competition experiments indicated that the same component(s) interacted with the three different promoters. It is suggested that this DNA factor(s) is required for activation and coordinated regulation of the whole family of genes coding for the translational apparatus. PMID- 3912171 TI - Nucleotide sequence of the RAD10 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - The RAD10 gene is one of several genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae required for incision of u.v.-irradiated or cross-linked DNA. We have determined the nucleotide sequence of the RAD10 gene and its flanking regions. The RAD10 nucleotide sequence presented here differs significantly from that recently reported. The RAD10 protein predicted from the nucleotide sequence contains 210 amino acids with a calculated mol. wt. of 24 310. The middle portion of the RAD10 protein, which is highly basic and also contains eight of the total of 10 tyrosine residues present in the protein, may be involved in DNA binding by ionic interactions and tyrosine intercalation between the bases of DNA. A genomic deletion of the entire RAD10 gene does not affect viability; however, the rad10 deletion mutant is highly u.v. sensitive. PMID- 3912172 TI - The nature of information, required for export and sorting, present within the outer membrane protein OmpA of Escherichia coli K-12. AB - Information, in addition to that provided by signal sequences, for translocation across the plasma membrane is thought to be present in exported proteins of Escherichia coli. Such information must also exist for the localization of such proteins. To determine the nature of this information, overlapping inframe deletions have been constructed in the ompA gene which codes for a 325-residue major outer membrane protein. In addition, one deletion, encoding only the NH2 terminal part of the protein up to residue 160, was prepared. The location of each product was determined by immunoelectron microscopy. Proteins missing residues 4-45, 43-84, 46-227, 86-227 or 160-325 of the mature protein were all efficiently translocated across the plasma membrane. The first two proteins were found in the outer membrane, the others in the periplasmic space. It has been proposed that export and sorting signals consist of relatively small amino acid sequences near the NH2 terminus of an outer membrane protein. On the basis of sequence homologies it has also been suggested that such proteins possess a common sorting signal. The locations of the partially deleted proteins described here show that a unique export signal does not exist in the OmpA protein. The proposed common sorting signal spans residues 1-14 of OmpA. Since this region is not essential for routing the protein, the existence of a common sorting signal is doubtful. It is suggested that information both for export (if existent) and localization lies within protein conformation which for the former process should be present repeatedly in the polypeptide. PMID- 3912173 TI - Control of gene expression in P2-related coliphages: the in vitro transcription pattern of coliphage 186. AB - Transcription in vitro of coliphage 186 DNA generated four transcripts. The most abundant transcript was that of the late control gene B and an equivalent transcript was identified for the closely related phage P2. A second transcript was from the rightward promoter at 75% and predicted to be under CI repressor control. The remaining two transcripts initiated from the one promoter located at 95% and are apparently under LexA control in vivo. The significance of these transcripts is discussed in relation to coliphage 186. PMID- 3912174 TI - The structure of the lactose permease derived from Raman spectroscopy and prediction methods. AB - The secondary structure of the lactose permease of Escherichia coli reconstituted in lipid membranes was determined by Raman spectroscopy. The alpha-helix content is approximately 70%, the beta-strand content below 10% and beta-turns contribute 15%. About 1/3 of the residues in alpha-helices and most other residues are exposed to water. Employing a method for structural prediction which accounts for amphipathic helices, 10 membrane-spanning helices are predicted which are either hydrophobic or amphipathic. They are expected to form an outer ring of helices in the membrane. The interior of the ring would be made of residues which are predominantly hydrophilic and, evoking the analogy to sugar-binding proteins, suited to provide the sugar binding site. PMID- 3912175 TI - The size of the lactose permease derived from rotational diffusion measurements. AB - The lactose permease of Escherichia coli was labeled with eosinyl-maleimide, reconstituted into vesicles of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine and subjected to time-dependent phosphorescence anisotropy measurements in order to determine the rotational diffusion coefficient. By comparison with bacteriorhodopsin, the diffusion coefficient is evaluated in terms of an effective radius of the lactose permease in the plane of the membrane. This radius amounts to 20 +/- 2 A which implies that the lactose permease is a monomer. The monomeric state is maintained in the presence of a membrane potential. PMID- 3912176 TI - Analysis of signals for secretion in the staphylococcal protein A gene. AB - Different constructs of the gene encoding staphylococcal protein A were introduced in Staphylococcus aureus and S. xylosus as well as Escherichia coli. The product of the gene without the cell wall anchoring domain was efficiently secreted in all three hosts. N-terminal sequencing of the affinity-purified mature protein revealed a common processing site after the alanine residue at position 36. In contrast, when an internal IgG-binding fragment of protein A (region B) was inserted after the protein A signal sequence, the product was poorly secreted and N-terminal sequencing revealed no processing at the normal site. This demonstrates that the structure of the polypeptide chain beyond the signal peptide cleavage site can affect cleavage. Another construct, containing the N-terminal IgG-binding part of the mature protein A (region E) followed by region B, gave correct processing and efficient secretion. Unexpectedly, the gene product, EB, was not only secreted and correctly processed, but was also excreted to the culture medium of E. coli. Secretion vectors containing the protein A signal sequence were constructed to facilitate secretion of foreign gene products. Insertion of the E. coli gene phoA, lacking its own promoter and signal sequence, led to efficient secretion of alkaline phosphatase both in E. coli and S. aureus. PMID- 3912178 TI - Evaluation of the direct fluorescent antibody test for diagnosis of chlamydial infections. AB - The direct fluorescent antibody test and two culture methods were compared for accurate diagnosis of chlamydial infections. Using the same samples, 109 were found to be positive in the microtitre method with the direct confirmation test without subpassage, whereas 66 were positive in the vial method with Giemsa staining and subpassage. The direct test was evaluated for accuracy using cervical and male urethral specimens. Specimens for culture were obtained prior to sampling for the direct test. For cervical samples the sensitivity of the direct test, with the vial method taken as reference, appeared to be 72.2% with a specificity of 93.5%. With the microtitre method as standard, these values were 55.9% and 91.3%, respectively for females, and for male patients 49% and 95.6%, respectively. For cervical samples, in which sampling for the direct test was carried out prior to sampling for culture, the values were 46.3% and 93.2% respectively. Both culture method and study population influenced the sensitivity of the direct test. According to our findings, the direct test cannot replace the culture method for diagnosis of chlamydial infections. PMID- 3912177 TI - Role of Tamm-Horsfall protein in the pathogenesis of reflux nephropathy and chronic pyelonephritis. PMID- 3912179 TI - Effect of iron on serotypes and haemagglutination patterns of Escherichia coli in bottle-fed infants. AB - Strains of Escherichia coli isolated from faecal specimens of ten infants receiving breast milk, six receiving a cow-milk preparation with iron supplement (5 mg/l) and six the preparation without iron supplement (less than 0.5 mg/l), were serotyped and examined for their haemagglutinating activity. The Escherichia coli flora of breast-fed and bottle-fed infants consisted of one resident strain, accompanied by one or more transient strains. Changes in the serotype of the Escherichia coli flora and in the frequency of occurrence of strains associated with urinary tract infections were more often seen in bottle-fed than in breast fed infants. In breast-fed and bottle-fed infants without iron supplement most strains of Escherichia coli were non-haemagglutinating, while most strains in infants bottle-fed with iron supplement showed mannose-resistant haemagglutination. It is concluded that human milk favours the establishment of a stable non-pathogenic Escherichia coli flora and that a low iron content in standard cow-milk preparation favours colonization with non-adherent strains of Escherichia coli. PMID- 3912180 TI - Evaluation of three commercial tests for rapid detection of beta-lactamase in anaerobic bacteria. PMID- 3912181 TI - Susceptibility to tobramycin determined by a modified agar dilution method with a high inoculum. PMID- 3912182 TI - Felodipine in hypertension. AB - Felodipine, a selective arteriolar dilator, was given to 13 hypertensive patients to assess its hypotensive effects and duration of action. Nine patients were treated with 5 mg three times a day and 4 with 10 mg three times a day. Mean blood pressures fell with both treatment regimens: 5 mg placebo 170/103 mmHg; 5 mg felodipine 148/91 mmHg; 10 mg placebo 154/93 mmHg; 10 mg felodipine 137/82 mmHg. Heart rates increased as blood pressures fell with both treatments. However, in the patients given 5 mg three times a day this effect was less noticeable after successive doses. Plasma concentrations of noradrenaline, both resting and tilted, increased after felodipine. There was a negative correlation between the fall in blood pressure and the increase in noradrenaline, suggesting that those patients with good baroreceptor reflexes were better able to counteract the effects of vasodilatation. Four of the nine patients treated with 5 mg felodipine three times a day experienced mild and transient adverse effects. Of the four patients treated with 10 mg three times a day, three experienced moderate to severe headache, and for this reason recruitment into this group was stopped. Felodipine at a divided daily dose of 15 mg effectively lowered blood pressure. PMID- 3912183 TI - Improvement of glucose tolerance in hypertensive diabetic patients treated with guanfacine one year. AB - In the present study the effect of 1 year of antihypertensive treatment with guanfacine (g) has been evaluated in 18 hypertensive patients with adult-onset, non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (WHO Type II). The treatment produced a marked improvement in the oral glucose tolerance test; guanfacine significantly decreased serum glucose levels, and affected only slightly the insulin secretion. It is suggested that the effect of g may be mediated via a reduction in catecholamine and/or growth hormone and ACTH secretion. The present results also suggest that treatment with guanfacine may improve individual coronary risk in hypertensive diabetic patients. PMID- 3912184 TI - Beta-adrenoceptor blocking effects and plasma levels of bornaprolol and propranolol in man. AB - The beta-adrenoceptor blocking effects and pharmacokinetics of bornaprolol (FM 24), a new beta-adrenoceptor blocking agent, have been compared with those of propranolol and a placebo in a double-blind trial in 6 healthy volunteers. Heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressures and peak expiratory flow rate were measured at rest and at the end of 3 min vigorous exercise on a bicycle ergometer, before and 2,24 and 48 h after single oral doses of bornaprolol (120, 240 and 480 mg) and propranolol (40, 80 and 160 mg). Plasma renin activity at rest and the plasma concentrations of the two drugs were determined. Bornaprolol significantly reduced resting heart rate, dose-dependently lowered exercise induced tachycardia and decreased peak expiratory flow rate and plasma renin activity. In addition, exercise-induced tachycardia was significantly reduced by bornaprolol up to 48 hours after drug intake (pharmacodynamic half-life approximately 63-86 h) and there was a correlation between this reduction and the log plasma bornaprolol concentration over the 48-h period. Thus, bornaprolol behaved in man as a non-cardioselective and long-lasting beta-adrenoceptor blocking drug, probably devoid of intrinsic sympathomimetic activity. PMID- 3912185 TI - The effects of nifedipine on platelet aggregation and plasma 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, and its interaction with indomethacin. AB - Pre-incubation of human platelets with nifedipine in vitro or treatment of normal volunteers with nifedipine, 30 mg daily for one week, did not alter ADP induced aggregation measured by whole blood aggregometry. 6-oxo-Prostaglandin F1 alpha remained undetectable in plasma following oral administration of nifedipine to normal volunteers. The hypotensive response to intravenous nifedipine administration was similar in spontaneously hypertensive rats pretreated with indomethacin or placebo. These results conflict with previous reports that nifedipine alters platelet aggregation and prostaglandin metabolism. PMID- 3912186 TI - Bambuterol: effects of a new anti-asthmatic drug. AB - Twenty-seven asthmatic outpatients were randomly treated with bambuterol 30 mg administered once daily before going to bed and sustained release terbutaline 10 mg twice daily in a 14 day, double blind cross over study. On all the parameters of bronchodilator effects, namely peak expiratory flow rate (PEF), use of extra beta-agonist puffs, asthma symptom score, and patient preference for one of the treatments, no statistically or clinically significant difference between the two treatments was found. No significant difference between treatments was observed in the number or severity of side-effects. Bambuterol administered once daily appears to be an effective anti-asthmatic treatment. PMID- 3912187 TI - Cimetidine interaction with amitriptyline. AB - The interaction of cimetidine with amitriptyline was assessed by means of amitriptyline and nortriptyline plasma concentration measurements, standing blood pressure and pulse rate, digit symbol substitution, and visual analogue scales. Cimetidine increased plasma amitriptyline concentrations and decreased plasma nortriptyline concentrations, apparently by inhibiting presystemic metabolism. The changes in blood pressure, pulse rate and digit symbol substitution correlated with changes in concentrations of amitriptyline in plasma and expected changes based on a dose ranging preliminary experiment. Changes in subjective ratings of effects correlated with changes in nortriptyline concentrations in plasma. PMID- 3912189 TI - Dose-response relationship of vindeburnol based on spectral analysis of posturographic recordings. AB - The dose-response relationship of vindeburnol has been investigated by assessing postural activity in a population of elderly patients, using posturography, an objective method for measuring balance. A controlled double blind trial was done in two periods: during the first week each patient received placebo, and during the second week either placebo or vindeburnol 30, 60 or 90 mg/d was given. Subjects underwent three posturographic recordings at weekly intervals (prior to treatment, after one week on placebo and after one week of treatment). There was no placebo effect. A significant decrease in the sagittal and lateral energies of body sway was found after vindeburnol, which indicates an improvement in balance. The improvement was proportional to the daily dose of vindeburnol. PMID- 3912188 TI - Influence of intravenous acetylsalicylic acid and sodium salicylate on human renal function and lithium clearance. AB - The influence of intravenous acetylsalicylic acid (ASA; D,L-lysine-mono acetylsalicylate), equimolar doses of sodium salicylate (SA) and placebo (P) on renal function has been studied in 6 healthy female volunteers, in 150 mmol sodium balance, and in lithium (Li) steady state with a plasma Li between 0.6 and 0.8 mmol/l. Following a bolus injection of 0.5 g ASA, 0.444 g SA or P (50 ml saline) given over 10 min and a subsequent continuous infusion of 1.5 g ASA, 1.332 SA or P (150 ml saline) over 170 min, urine was collected for 3 h as well as 6 plasma samples at 30-min intervals. Plasma ASA levels were between 13.8 and 22.1 micrograms/ml and for SA they were 20.8 to 82.6 microgram/ml during ASA infusion, and between 22.5 and 108.9 microgram/ml for SA during SA infusion. Neither ASA nor SA caused a significant change in urine volume, in the renal clearances of Na, K, free water, osmolality, creatinine, inulin and p aminohippurate (PAH) or in plasma Li level. Renal Li clearance was slightly reduced by SA, from 37.8 to 29.4 ml/min (p less than 0.05). Since renal prostaglandin (PG) synthesis (urinary PGE2 excretion) was 60.6% suppressed by ASA and was not affected by SA, the decrease in Li clearance cannot be related to inhibition of cyclooxygenase in the kidney. PMID- 3912190 TI - Baclofen in the elderly stroke patient its side-effects and pharmacokinetics. AB - A double blind crossover trial of baclofen against placebo in elderly stroke patients was discontinued because the drug produced an unacceptably high level of drowsiness. In a subsequent study baclofen 10 mg was given orally to 12 elderly stroke patients, and drug concentrations measured from a series of plasma samples. A group of healthy subjects given the same dose in a previous study were used as controls. Elderly patients took longer to achieve peak plasma baclofen concentrations, but healthy controls had higher peak values and eliminated the drug more rapidly; areas under the curve were similar in the two groups. Simulations based on mean data suggest that increased drowsiness in the elderly was probably not due to changes in the drug's pharmacokinetic behaviour. PMID- 3912191 TI - The phagocytosis of yeast cells by blood monocytes. Effects of therapeutic concentrations of Vinca alkaloids. AB - The role of cytoplasmic microtubules in the phagocytosis of yeast cells by blood monocytes was studied by means of therapeutic concentrations of the Vinca alkaloids vincristine, vinblastine, and vindesine. Phagocytosis was measured in a monolayer of glass-adherent monocytes fed with fluorescein-labelled yeast cells. Phagocytosis was composed of two sequential processes, yeast cell adherence to the monocyte and yeast cell engulfment by the monocyte. Monocyte phagocytosis was significantly inhibited by the Vinca alkaloids, mainly due to inhibition of engulfment but probably also due to inhibition of adherence. Since the Vinca alkaloids are microtubule antagonists it is reasonable to assume that monocyte phagocytosis, both adherence and engulfment, are partially microtubule-dependent processes. It is suggested that Vinca alkaloid inhibition of monocyte phagocytosis is of value in the treatment of type II-III autoimmune disorders, such as idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and autoimmune haemolytic anaemia. PMID- 3912192 TI - Nasal bioavailability and systemic effects of the glucocorticoid budesonide in man. AB - Budesonide, a topically potent glucocorticoid, was administered to 4 healthy volunteers by i.v. infusion and by nasal instillation of 100 micrograms tritium labelled drug. Plasma was analyzed by liquid chromatography plus scintillation counting of collected fractions. After i.v. administration the plasma clearance was 0.921/min and the apparent volume of distribution was 2.81/kg. After nasal administration, the time to reach the peak plasma level was approximately 30 min, and the systemic availability was 102%. Budesonide had marginal effects on plasma cortisol and white blood cell counts either after i.v. or nasal administration. Thus, nasally instilled budesonide in solution is rapidly and completely absorbed from the nasal mucosa. The systemic effects after this clinically recommended nasal dose were negligible. PMID- 3912193 TI - Oral cyclacillin interacts with the absorption of oral ampicillin, amoxycillin, and bacampicillin. AB - The relative bioavailabilities of single oral doses of ampicillin, amoxycillin, and bacampicillin were compared with and without concomitant administration of a six-times higher molar dose of cyclacillin. As the absorption of cyclacillin has been shown to involve a capacity-limited transport system in animals, it was selected as the reference compound for the study. The treatments were given to 14 fasting volunteers using a randomized, complete crossover design. The drugs in plasma and urine were determined by liquid chromatography. Renal clearance was 17%, 10% and 19% lower when ampicillin, amoxycillin, and bacampicillin were given together with cyclacillin. Consequently, differences in the relative bioavailability were based on urinary recoveries assuming constant non-renal clearance. When amoxycillin was given with cyclacillin there was a 67% delay in the time of the plasma peak concentration, and an 8% lower urinary recovery than when it was given alone. There was a 50% and 33% delay in the tmax of ampicillin and bacampicillin when combined with cyclacillin; the urinary recovery of ampicillin in the combination was 10% lower but that of bacampicillin was similar. There was also a 20% delay in the tmax of cyclacillin when combined with amoxycillin. The differences in renal clearance indicate an interaction in the renal elimination of the drugs, but the effect was probably not the explanation for the marked shift in time of the absorption of these rapidly absorbed drugs. The results support the existence of a capacity-limited transport system for aminopenicillins in the human gut. PMID- 3912194 TI - Study of endogenous Tyr-Gly-Gly, a putative enkephalin metabolite, in mouse brain: validation of a radioimmunoassay, localisation and effects of peptidase inhibitors. AB - The tripeptide Tyr-Gly-Gly, a hydrolysis product of enkephalins and related opioid peptides obtained with 'enkephalinase', was identified and quantified in various regions of mouse brain by means of HPLC and a sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay. Similar levels i.e. about 8 pmol/brain were found after the animals were killed by various procedures, including microwave irradiation, suggesting its pre-mortem formation. The distribution of Tyr-Gly-Gly immunoreactivity among brain regions was highly heterogeneous and paralleled to a certain extent the [Met5]enkephalin distribution, molar levels of Tyr-Gly-Gly representing 10-30% of those of the enkephalin. Following gentle homogeneisation of striata in 0.32 M sucrose and centrifugation, 73% of Tyr-Gly-Gly immunoreactivity was recovered in the supernatant, a result consistent with its extracellular localisation in vivo. Administration of enkephalinase inhibitors rapidly elicited marked decrease in Tyr-Gly-Gly immunoreactivity whereas bestatin, an aminopeptidase inhibitor, elicited 100% increase and captopril, an ACE inhibitor, was without significant effect. These data indicate that the tripeptide is in a dynamic state in the brain and that its levels might reflect the release of endogenous enkephalins or related opioid peptides and their subsequent metabolism by enkephalinase. PMID- 3912195 TI - On the insulin effect on the magnesium homeostasis. AB - In 10 healthy, normoglycemic children the intravenous application of 0.1 I.U. insulin per kg body mass is followed by a decline of the plasma magnesium levels of about 15 to 20 percent of the basal levels. This effect is explained as a result of transport of extracellular magnesium into the intracellular space of the insulin-dependent tissues, and is discussed on the basis of known insulin magnesium interactions at the receptor level. PMID- 3912196 TI - Enzymeimmunoassay of unconjugated estriol in serum and saliva during pregnancy. AB - An enzymeimmunoassay (EIA) for unconjugated estriol was developed. Estriol-6-CMO BSA was used as antigen for the antiserum production with low cross reactivities to estrone (0.3%) and estradiol (0.17%). The enzyme conjugate (estriol peroxidase) was prepared using the mixed anhydride reaction. The antibody bound estriol fraction was separated from the free fraction with the double antibody technique. The test requires a simple photometer for the measurement of enzyme label. The developed estriol-EIA needs a short incubation time (2 hrs). The normal values of estriol in serum were determined. The results are in good agreement with the results of RIA. Furthermore, we found an inverse diurnal rhythm of serum and salivary estriol in comparison to the cortisol level. Low estriol levels in the morning and high estriol concentration in the evening are indices of fetal health. Decreased estriol levels in the morning of several days were found in pathological pregnancies (intrauterine fetal death, fetal distress, hepatose). PMID- 3912197 TI - Successful treatment of prostatic cancer with the orally active depot estrogen ethinylestradiol sulfonate (Turisteron). AB - Ethinylestradiol sulfonate (Turisteron) is an orally highly active depot-estrogen with relatively low side effects. In men with prostatic cancer, weekly administration of 2 mg Turisteron resulted in a striking decrease of the biologically active free testosterone level to less than 2% of the basal level; i.e., even significantly lower than after orchidectomy. Turisteron was able to normalize the 5 year survival rate in men with advanced non-metastatic cancer (T3NxM0) and to increase the survival rate significantly in men with metastatic cancer (T3-4, Nx, M1). Hence, due to our experience, Turisteron treatment is a very effective, non-expensive and well tolerated therapy for prostatic cancer. PMID- 3912198 TI - Renin-stimulating test in children. AB - Plasma renin activity (PRA) was measured after various stimuli to evaluate a renin-stimulating test and to screen suppressed PRA in 60 children with labile hypertension aged 10 to 14 years. There was a significant difference between supine PRA and that after both standing (for 15 or 60 minutes) or frusemide administration (P less than 0.001, respectively); however, there was no statistical difference between the PRA while standing or after frusemide. Children who gripped a hand dynamometer for three minutes did not show any change in PRA. Standing upright for 15 minutes or supine rest for 90 minutes after the administration of frusemide i.v. are easily applicable to children and seem the most appropriate renin-stimulating test in childhood. No subjects showed suppressed PRA in this study. PMID- 3912199 TI - Studies on the prolactin-releasing capacity of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone in male subjects. AB - The present study examined the conditions under which LHRH is capable of releasing PRL in the human male. No such effect was found in eugonadal males. After pretreatment with 100 micrograms ethinyloestradiol/day, but not with 30 micrograms/day, the PRL-releasing action of LHRH became apparent. This indicates that high doses of oestrogens are required. This effect of LHRH on PRL release was still demonstrable two weeks after withdrawal of oestrogens. This suggests that rather than oestrogens per se, alterations in the control of PRL induced by oestrogens, render the lactotroph sensitive to LHRH. Further: No effect was observed after administration of a bolus LHRH, whereas LHRH administered as an infusion released PRL with a latency period of 20-40 minutes. The interpretation for this could be that LHRH acts indirectly via a LHRH-induced decreased dopaminergic tone, which mechanism requires a certain amount of time. It is hypothesised that a LHRH-induced decrease of dopaminergic tone together with a weakened dopaminergic control of the oestrogenised lactotroph could account for this non-specific action of LHRH on PRL release. PMID- 3912200 TI - In vitro degradation of oxytocin by pregnancy serum, placental subcellular fractions and purified placental aminopeptidases. AB - The degradation of oxytocin (formula; see text) by human placental particulate and soluble fractions, pregnant and non-pregnant sera, and purified enzymes such as microsomal placental leucine aminopeptidase (P-LAP), retroplacental serum P LAP and placental post-proline endopeptidase, was studied by measuring liberated amino acids with a high performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC). While the placental particulate fraction degraded oxytocin almost completely into single amino acid and amide, the placental soluble fraction did not liberate any amino acid and amide. Purified retroplacental P-LAP liberated Tyr2, Ile3, Gln4 and Asn5 from the cyclic structure of oxytocin actively. Pregnancy serum containing the retroplacental P-LAP liberated also these amino acids and amides. Purified microsomal P-LAP liberated Leu8 in addition to these amino acids and amides. Although purified placental post-proline endopeptidase or porcine kidney leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) could not liberate any amino acid and amide from oxytocin, the combination of the post-proline endopeptidase with porcine kidney LAP or with placental microsomal P-LAP actively liberated all amino acids and amides detectable by HPLC. When the ratio of amino acid liberation velocity to LAP activity measured with leu-p-nitroanilide was calculated, the ratios for cyclic amino acids such as Tyr2 and Ile3 were high with the placental particulate fraction, the mixture of post-proline endopeptidase and microsomal P-LAP, retroplacental P-LAP, and pregnancy serum. The ratio for Leu8 was high with the placental particulate fraction and the mixture of post-proline endopeptidase and microsomal P-LAP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3912201 TI - Metabolic, hormonal, and immunological alterations in subjects with antecedent mumps infection. AB - Since mumps virus seems to be one of the most likely candidates in viral etiology of insulin-dependent diabetes (IDDM) we studied the possible relationship of glucose tolerance (75 g oGTT), beta cell function, diabetes associated HLA antigens, haptoglobin phenotype, islet cell antibodies (ICA) and islet cell surface antibodies (ICSA) in 125 subjects with antecedent mumps infection. Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) was diagnosed in 3.2% (n = 4) but onset of diabetes did not appear within 14 months after mumps infection. There was no relationship between glucose tolerance and complications of antecedent mumps infection (e.g. pancreatitis, meningitis, orchitis). The prevalence rate of ICA was 76%. ICSA were detectable in about 36% of children and 62% of the adults tested (p less than 0.01). There was no relationship between ICA/ICSA and diabetes-associated HLA antigens, haptoglobin phenotype or beta cell function (fasting C-peptide and insulin response to 75 g oGTT). However, adults with circulating ICA were characterized by a significantly lower insulin response to glucose. Fifty two "risk" subjects characterized by IGT, diabetes associated HLA antigen(s), ICA or ICSA either alone or combined were studied again 26 months after mumps infection. No symptomatic diabetes appeared and IGT was diagnosed in one case only. ICA and ICSA persisted in more than 50% of subjects in whom ICA or ICSA were present 14 months after mumps infection. Since the used immunological techniques do not clearly distinguish organ-specific from non-organ-specific antibodies the results must be interpreted with caution. To summarize, the preliminary results do not support a close temporal relationship between mumps infection and the onset of IDDM. The pathogenetic role of mumps virus and ICA/ICSA and their possible relation to a slow progressive beta cell destruction has still to be determined. PMID- 3912202 TI - [The heroic feat of Dr. Schweitzer]. PMID- 3912203 TI - [Il'ia Il'ich Mechnikov]. PMID- 3912204 TI - [Effect of thymectomy on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in the rat]. AB - 12 months after thymectomy (TE), the diminution of glucose concentration, glucose metabolic products in blood and decreased activity of liver phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase of rats were demonstrated. The disturbance of gluconeogenesis in TE rats, however, proceeded in a latent manner within 9 months. These data suggest that thymectomized animals, along with T-immunodeficiency, develop an inhibited gluconeogenesis. The thymus gland seems to influence the glucose homeostasis either directly or through some interactions with the neuroendocrine controlling system. PMID- 3912205 TI - [Nature of correlations among biochemical ingredients of pancreatic juice during digestion in the dog]. AB - In pancreatic atrophy the coordination of acinar and ductal cells activity as well as their functioning are disturbed. The subcutaneous injections of boiled pancreatic juice maintained correlations between pancreatic juice proteolytic and alpha-amylolytic activities and between volume and bicarbonate concentrations separately, but didn't restore their coordination. PMID- 3912206 TI - [Restoration of pituitary-ovarian function by pulsatile administration of GnRH during the early puerperium]. AB - In general, the hypogonadotropic hypogonadism seen during early puerperium is thought to be due to long-term deprivation of endogenous GnRH during the course of pregnancy. Recently, based on the pulsatile nature of hypothalamic GnRH section, it has been demonstrated that pulsatile administration of this decapeptide is effective in activation of the pituitary-ovarian function and induction of ovulation in patients with endogenous GnRH deficiency. Thus, we investigated whether this physiological replacement of GnRH can bring about the rapid restoration of the pituitary-ovarian function in early puerperal women. Fourteen postpartum women who had undergone cesarean section for obstetric reasons at 37-41 weeks of gestation volunteered for this study. Six of them received 10 micrograms (one subject received 5 micrograms) of GnRH in every 90 min from day 0-5 postpartum for 7-17 days duration by a portable auto-infusion pump. The remaining 8 subjects without treatment served as controls. On day 14 postpartum, serum baseline values of LH and FSH were significantly higher and their responses to the 100 micrograms GnRH challenge test were significantly greater in GnRH-treated subjects than those in the control subjects, respectively. Serum estradiol levels increased day by day, reaching more than 500 pg/ml at the end of the treatment in the 6 subjects. One of them ovulated within 3 weeks postpartum following GnRH treatment and subsequent hCG administration. These results demonstrate that the physiological replacement of pulsatile GnRH can restore the pituitary-ovarian function even within the first 2 weeks postpartum and in the presence of puerperal hyperprolactinemia. They also suggest that a deficiency of endogenous GnRH secretion may account for, at least in part, the pathophysiology of the hypogonadotropic hypogonadism during early puerperium. PMID- 3912208 TI - [The overlay denture: selection criteria and advantages]. PMID- 3912207 TI - [Evidence for the existence of inactive renin in the rat brain. Part II. Distribution of inactive renin in the brain of spontaneously hypertensive rats]. AB - Inactive renin in the brain of spontaneously hypertensive rat was investigated. The results are as follows. Treatment with either trypsin or glandular kallikrein of the brain tissue extract caused a rapid and apparent increase in the renin activity at either 0 or 27 degrees C. The molecular weight of the active renin was estimated to be 41,000 or 50,000 daltons, while that of the trypsin activatable inactive renin was found to be 44,000 or 57,000 daltons on a column chromatography with Sephadex G-100. The contents of the active renin was the highest in the hypothalamus, followed by the striatum, thalamus, midbrain, medulla oblongata, cerebral cortex and cerebellum, while the contents of the trypsin-activatable inactive renin was the highest in the hypothalamus, followed by the striatum, thalamus, cerebellum, midbrain, cerebral cortex and medulla oblongata. These results suggest that inactive renin(s) exist in the brain of spontaneously hypertensive rat. It seems likely that the brain renin-angiotensin system is modulated by the conversion of inactive to active renin(s), which, in turn, plays at least in part a role in the blood pressure regulation through generation of angiotensin II in spontaneously hypertensive rats. PMID- 3912209 TI - [Immediate treatment of complete edentulousness]. PMID- 3912210 TI - [Hemorrhagic complications during oral surgery: prevention and treatment]. PMID- 3912211 TI - [The osteofibrous implant. I]. PMID- 3912212 TI - [3 methods for the restoration of teeth for prosthetic finishing]. PMID- 3912214 TI - [Paleodontology. I]. PMID- 3912213 TI - [Current directions in major preprosthetic surgery]. PMID- 3912215 TI - [A simple method for equilibration of the arch: the Muratori hingelock]. PMID- 3912216 TI - [The button implant: a method which avoids major implant surgery in the treatment of complete edentulousness]. PMID- 3912217 TI - [Cast posts in multirooted teeth]. PMID- 3912218 TI - [Paleodontology. II]. PMID- 3912219 TI - [Precision casting technic. Prerequisites for metal-ceramic work]. PMID- 3912220 TI - [Construction and veneering of an anterior bridge]. PMID- 3912221 TI - [Preparation of the SSG3. Inexpensive and quickly produced]. PMID- 3912222 TI - [Immunohistologic detection of bullous pemphigoid antigen in malignant melanoma]. PMID- 3912223 TI - Systemised resin bonded bridgework. PMID- 3912224 TI - Technical considerations for economic choice. PMID- 3912225 TI - [Hereditary elastolysis]. AB - Several inherited syndromes characterized by abnormal elastic fibers decreased in number and size could be collected under the heading of inherited elastolysis. This morphological concept does not prejudge the causal mechanisms of the elastolysis involving dermis and/or other organs. The elastic fibers anomalies result mainly from elastin crosslinking defects, developmental disturbances or excessive proteolysis. PMID- 3912226 TI - Ambulatory treatment of psoriasis with dithranol sticks--a novel paraffin formulation. AB - The efficacy and tolerability of a novel stiff dithranol stick (Ditrastick, Orion, Espoo, Finland) were evaluated in an open multicenter trial comprising 121 outpatients with limited psoriasis of the plaque type. Daily treatment was started with 1.5% dithranol sticks and continued in most patients with 3% sticks after 2 weeks. An excellent or good result was obtained in over half of the patients. Early irritation of a rather narrow rim of the skin surrounding the lesions was common, but only about 10% of the patients discontinued the trial due to this side effect. Paraffin-based dithranol sticks thus enable ambulatory treatment of chronic plaque psoriasis in the areas of predilection. Dithranol is stable in this novel preparation for at least 3 years. PMID- 3912227 TI - Insulin effect on in vivo gluconeogenesis from [3-14C]pyruvate in the starved rat. AB - During a 24 hr fast rats received 4 subcutaneous injections of insulin, and 15 min after the last injection they were given an intravenous pulse of [3 14C]pyruvate. The amount of [14C]glucose in blood 2 min after the tracer did not differ between insulin treated and control animals, whereas at 5 and 10 min values were significantly lower in the former group. At 10 min after the tracer, liver [14C]glycogen specific activity and [14C]fatty acid amount were higher in the insulin treated animals than in controls while plasma concentration of gluconeogenic amino acids was lower in the first group. Similar changes but less pronounced and more retarded were found in 24 hr fasted rats given only one insulin dose 15 min before the [3-14C]pyruvate pulse. Results indicate that gluconeogenesis from pyruvate is not directly modified by insulin treatment. Effects found at 5 and/or 10 min after the tracer and reported effects after prolonged insulin treatments may be caused by one or all of the following possibilities: enhanced utilization of the new-formed glucose, reduced availability of gluconeogenic substrates, and counteracting action on gluconeogenic hormones. PMID- 3912228 TI - The purification of urease from Aspergillus nidulans. AB - A purification procedure is described for Aspergillus urease, the most important step being affinity chromatography on hydroxyurea Sepharose. The enzyme exists as a single active species of Mr 240,000. The pure enzyme has an activity of 670 mumol urea hydrolysed/min, has a Km of 10(-3) M, an optimum pH of 8.5 and a sub unit Mr of 40,000. PMID- 3912229 TI - Intracellular proteolysis: the elusive intermediates. PMID- 3912230 TI - Localization of cysteine proteinases and an endogenous cysteine proteinase inhibitor in cultured muscle cells. PMID- 3912231 TI - High-Mr cysteine proteinases from rat skeletal-muscle. PMID- 3912232 TI - Aspartic proteinases and their inhibitors. PMID- 3912234 TI - Energy calculations on aspartic proteinases: human renin, endothiapepsin and its complex with an angiotensinogen fragment analogue, H-142. PMID- 3912233 TI - Human renin inhibitors. PMID- 3912235 TI - Penicillopepsin, the aspartic proteinase from Penicillium janthinellum: substrate binding effects and intermediates in transpeptidation reactions. PMID- 3912236 TI - Sir James Baddiley, F.R.S. PMID- 3912237 TI - Surface composition and adhesion of Candida albicans. PMID- 3912238 TI - Distractibility and vocabulary deficits in children with spina bifida and hydrocephalus. AB - This experiment tested the hypothesis that children with spina bifida and hydrocephalus (SBH) are more distractible than normal children, and that the distractibility partially accounts for the language deficits of these children. In Part 1, 15 of these children of primary-school age were compared with controls matched for mental age on a non-verbal task during which irrelevant stimuli were present or absent. Interference effects of the irrelevant stimuli were larger and more persistent for the SBH children. In Part 2, the children and their controls were tested for comprehension of relational words, with and without irrelevant information. The two groups performed similarly when there was no irrelevant information, but the SBH children exhibited vocabulary deficiencies when irrelevant items were present. These findings support the original hypothesis of a relationship between distractibility and language deficits. PMID- 3912239 TI - Composition, wetting properties and bond strength with dentin of 6 new dentin adhesives. PMID- 3912240 TI - Retention of alginate impression material using a polyester fiber-mat textile. PMID- 3912241 TI - The fit of metal-ceramic crowns, a clinical study. PMID- 3912242 TI - Increased reduction in fasting C-peptide is associated with islet cell antibodies in type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients. AB - A cohort of 82 patients with Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes was followed prospectively for 24 months, and 54 of them for 30 months, to study the relationship between fasting levels of immunoreactive C-peptide and titres of islet cell antibodies. After diagnosis, fasting C-peptide rose temporarily for 1 6 months of insulin therapy and declined continuously thereafter. While islet cell antibodies were present among 55% of the newly diagnosed patients, only 31% remained positive at 30 months. Their antibody titres decreased from 1:81 at diagnosis to 1:3. Only 3 patients (4%) who were islet cell antibody negative at diagnosis became positive later. The median C-peptide values among the persistently islet cell antibody positive patients decreased from 0.11 pmol/ml at 18 months, to 0.09 pmol/ml at 24 months, to 0.06 pmol/ml at 30 months compared to 0.18 (p = 0.04), 0.15 (p = 0.05) and 0.16 (p less than 0.003) pmol/ml, respectively, for the islet cell antibody negative patients. The median slope for the latter was -0.09 compared to -0.19 for the islet cell antibody positive patients (p = 0.01). These differences were reflected in increasing dosages of insulin, since patients remaining antibody-positive for 30 months were given 1.3 1.4 times more insulin (p = 0.01-0.004) than the antibody negative patients. This study demonstrates that islet cell antibodies may be a useful marker for predicting an increased rate by which endogenous B cell function is lost in Type 1 diabetes. PMID- 3912244 TI - Vitiligo-related pigment cell differentiation antigens are expressed on malignant melanoma cells following phenotypic reversion induced by contact inhibitory factor. AB - Most vitiligo sera contain antibodies to surface antigens on pigmented human melanocytes but not to human or mouse amelanotic melanoma cells. A density dependent line of hamster amelanotic melanocytic cells (FF) produces a diffusible factor (CIF) which restores contact inhibition of growth as well as several other normal phenotypic characteristics to hamster, murine, and human melanoma cells. The ability of CIF to induce the expression of a phenotypic characteristic of pigmented human melanocytic cells, i.e., the vitiligo-related surface antigens, on hamster and mouse amelanotic melanoma cells was investigated. Vitiligo and normal sera were reacted with CIF-treated and untreated hamster and mouse amelanotic melanoma cells for both indirect-immunofluorescence assays and ELISA. Immunofluorescence testing showed that about 80% of hamster and mouse melanoma cells had pigment-cell antigens (in the absence of pigmentation) in a granular surface pattern after, but not prior to, CIF-induced morphologic reversion and confluent growth. Less than 5% of the control hamster and mouse melanoma cells expressed such antigens at confluence. These results were confirmed by ELISA. Metabolic-labeling studies with 35S-methionine showed that the vitiligo antigens were synthesized by the CIF-treated melanoma cells. The slowing of melanoma cell proliferation in isoleucine-deficient medium failed to elicit the expression of vitiligo antigens. Since antigen appearance following phenotypic reversion occurred without pigment induction, it is concluded that vitiligo-related surface antigens and pigmentation are distinct aspects of a differentiated function which may be non-coordinately expressed. The expression of pigment-cell differentiation antigens on amelanotic melanoma cells is an additional feature of the pleiotypic trans-species response to CIF. PMID- 3912243 TI - The effects of physical training on insulin secretion and effectiveness and on glucose metabolism in obesity and type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. AB - Obese subjects with normal glucose tolerance (n = 55), and, in another study, a group of patients with Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes (n = 33), and controls (n = 13) matched for body weight and age but with normal glucose tolerance, participated in an individualized physical training program for 3 months. Under controlled dietary conditions, metabolic studies were performed before and in steady state after the last exercise session after training in the subjects showing signs of physical training in VO2 max and heart rate measurements. No changes occurred in body weight, body cell mass, body fat or adipose tissue cellularity. Oral glucose tolerance was improved in the patients with diabetes mellitus only. In both diabetic and control subjects initially elevated C-peptide concentrations decreased, while low C-peptide values increased and which was particularly pronounced in diabetic subjects with subnormal values. Peripheral insulin values did not change. Glucose disposal rate measured with the glucose clamp technique was similar in diabetic patients and control subjects. An improvement was seen at both submaximal and maximal insulin levels in both groups, correlating with improvement in glucose tolerance in the diabetic subjects. No changes were found in adipocytes in insulin binding or the antilipolytic effect of insulin at submaximal insulin levels, but there was a normalization of a decreased glucose incorporation into triglycerides. These results indicate that both insulin secretion and effectiveness are altered by physical training in different ways in different clinical entities. They suggest that in insulin resistant conditions with high insulin secretion (as indicated by high C-peptide concentrations) the increased peripheral insulin sensitivity is followed by a decreased insulin secretion. This is not associated with an improvement of glucose tolerance. In Type 2 diabetes with low insulin secretion, an increased insulin secretion results from physical training, perhaps due to accompanying sensitization of the autonomic nervous system. Peripheral insulin concentrations are not altered, suggesting that the extra insulin produced is captured by the liver. This mechanism, as well as the improved peripheral insulin responsiveness seen in the whole body and also seen at the cellular level, probably both contribute to an improvement in glucose tolerance. PMID- 3912245 TI - Expression of monoclonal antibody-defined cell surface antigens during rat brain development. AB - Using single-cell suspensions of mechanically dissociated, prenatal BDIX-rat brain cells (13th, 15th, and 21st days after fertilization) for immunization, we have established a collection of 37 monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) directed against neural cell surface determinants. The developmental-stage-dependent expression of cell-surface antigens recognized by these Mabs was analyzed both on plasma membranes isolated from whole brains of BDIX rats (prenatal days 13-22 and adults) using an indirect 125I solid-phase radioimmunoassay, and on intact BDIX rat brain cells (prenatal days 13-22) using a fluorescence-activated cell sorter. Different types of developmental stage-dependent profiles of Mab binding were found, these being indicative of the presence of neural cell surface determinants whose expression increases, decreases, or does not change with brain development. Some of the Mab-binding profiles showed transient changes as a function of developmental stage. These Mabs are currently being used for the characterization, reproducible identification, and isolation of neural cell subpopulations of the developing rat brain, with the aim of investigating the cell type dependence and developmental (differentiation) stage dependence of malignant transformation following pulse exposure to the carcinogen N-ethyl-N nitrosourea at defined stages of brain development. PMID- 3912246 TI - The Third Symposium on Prophylaxis and Treatment of Chemical Poisoning April 22nd 24th, 1985--Stockholm, Sweden. PMID- 3912247 TI - The development of a rat/human skin flap served by a defined and accessible vasculature on a congenitally athymic (nude) rat. AB - Experience in microvascular surgery on rats and availability of athymic (nude) rats led us to believe that a long-term functional rat/human skin sandwich flap could be generated on a defined and experimentally accessible vasculature on nude rats. Such a system has been developed and validated. Microvasculature has been assessed. The volume of blood to the flap ranges from 1 to 2 ml/min, collateral circulation to the flap exists, but is negligible, and there is little change in the capillary blood flow as the flap ages. The flap can be utilized to study absorption of compounds from a half-cell diffusion chamber or from direct deposition on the skin, and can be utilized to study various parameters of percutaneous absorption, e.g., the effect of hydration on the stratum corneum. Transdermal flux can be determined. Altering the microcirculation directly affects the percutaneous absorption of compounds that are rapidly absorbed. The absorption of benzoic acid through an experimentally vasoconstricted area (iontophoresis of phenylephrine) significantly alters the time to peak absorption, with values being 14 times that of the control site. The system has been utilized to assess metabolic activity of skin in situ using [3H]adenine arabinoside and studying the appearance of its major metabolite, [3H]Ara-H, in flap blood, as well as the back diffusion of this compound into the donor chamber. Recently the human/rat skin sandwich flap component has been developed. With this system, it has been demonstrated that benzoic acid, when applied to the human skin component of the flap has an absorption profile which is quite different from that when benzoic acid is applied to rat skin, peak flux occurred 2 hr after application. This contrasts with 10 min to peak flux when the same experiment is carried out on the rat/rat skin sandwich flap. To our knowledge, the human/rat skin sandwich flap is the first example of a viable, functional human organ that is chronically maintained by a biologic support system which has the added distinction of being on an independent but accessible vasculature. The validation experiments strongly suggest that this system will be important in gaining insights into the more sophisticated in vivo components of skin, relative to toxicology and pharmacology. PMID- 3912248 TI - On the development of skin models for toxicity testing. AB - The extrapolation of the results of measurements of skin penetration or skin damage with current in vitro and in vivo animal models to humans is of questionable value. Therefore, the usefulness of two other models is being evaluated: human skin grafts on congenitally athymic mice and cultures of human epidermal cells. The results show that histologically and immunologically the human skin grafts retain their "human" characteristics for at least 6 months. In contrast to animal skin these grafts also form blisters in response to heat and microblisters in response to sulfur mustard. By comparing blood cholinesterase (CHE) activity after epicutaneous, subcutaneous, and intravenous administration of soman in intact and (auto- or homo-) grafted mice it appears that the transplantation process itself does not influence penetration speed, nor does it affect the total amount of soman that ultimately reaches the blood. When applied on the human skin graft, soman penetration is slower and CHE inhibition in blood has not reached a plateau value after 2 1/2 hr. Substantial amounts of soman are metabolized in the skin. With epidermal cell cultures the different mechanisms of action of the mycotoxin T2 and that of tributyltin (TBT) can be demonstrated. In a young growing culture, 10(-8) M T2 completely blocks the increase in the number of epidermal cells, whereas the same concentration of TBT has no effect. In a fullgrown culture, however, 5 X 10(-5) M TBT causes membrane damage, detectable by the leakage of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) into the medium, whereas the same concentration of T2 has no effect. Moreover the differential effects of TBT on cytoplasmic and lysosomal membranes can be demonstrated by measuring the rates at which the cytoplasmic marker enzyme LDH and the lysosomal marker enzyme N-acetyl beta-glucosaminidase appear in the medium. From the results obtained so far it is concluded that these two models have quite a number of promising features for dermatotoxicity testing. PMID- 3912249 TI - An analytic epidemiological study of denture stomatitis in a group of Norwegian old-age pensioners. PMID- 3912250 TI - A clinical assessment of a functional impression technique for the complete lower denture. PMID- 3912251 TI - Denture-related problems and prosthodontic treatment needs in the elderly. PMID- 3912252 TI - Replacement of the esthetic veneer of porcelain fused to metal crowns and bridges. PMID- 3912253 TI - The single maxillary denture for the elderly patient. PMID- 3912254 TI - [G. B. Morgagni: De sedibus et causis morborum per anatomen indagatis]. PMID- 3912255 TI - [Atrial flutter yesterday and today]. PMID- 3912257 TI - Selection and design of major connectors for removable partial dentures. PMID- 3912256 TI - The variability of die-spacer film thickness. PMID- 3912258 TI - Reattachment of fractured incisal tooth segment. PMID- 3912259 TI - Expression of the nopaline synthase gene in Escherichia coli. AB - The Agrobacterium tumor-inducing (Ti) plasmid pTiT37 encodes nopaline synthase (NOS) gene (nos) with eukaryotic promoter elements that is expressed in transformed plant cells but not in the bacterial host. We have fused the nos gene to the Escherichia coli trp promoter, and observed synthesis of NOS in E. coli. The nopaline produced by this enzyme is excreted into the culture medium. NOS is enzymatically active at 30 degrees C but not 37 degrees C, as based on nopaline production. NOS protein is produced at both temperatures, based on production in minicells. PMID- 3912260 TI - Streptomyces contain Escherichia coli-type A + T-rich promoters having novel structural features. AB - We describe here the isolation and characterization of a class of A + T-rich transcriptionally active sequences in the filamentous antibiotic-producing Gram positive bacterial genus Streptomyces. These regions, which digress dramatically in base composition from the 73% G + C composition characteristic of the Streptomyces genome, promote gene expression in both Escherichia coli and Streptomyces lividans and contain the major elements that determine promoter strength in E. coli. The Streptomyces-E. coli-type promoters (SEP) also show novel structural features that include multiple direct repeats within the promoter region as well as a specific hexameric sequence in the vicinity of the mRNA start point. PMID- 3912261 TI - Periplasmic production of correctly processed human growth hormone in Escherichia coli: natural and bacterial signal sequences are interchangeable. AB - We have studied the synthesis, secretion, and processing of human growth hormone (hGH) in Escherichia coli transformed with plasmids engineered for the expression of hGH as a secreted product. In one plasmid, pPreHGH207-2, the coding sequence of the natural hGH precursor (pre-hGH) is placed under the control of the E. coli trp promoter. In a second plasmid, pAPH-1, a DNA fragment containing the E. coli alkaline phosphatase promoter and signal sequence codons is fused to the mature hGH coding sequence (pho-hGH). Most of the hGH was present in the osmotic shock fluids of E. coli cells containing either plasmid, indicating transport to the periplasmic space. Amino acid sequencing of the N termini of the pre-hGH and pho hGH gene products revealed that both were processed correctly. Electrophoretic analysis of these polypeptides on reducing and nonreducing sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide (PA) gels indicates that periplasmic hGH is monomeric and contains the same two disulfide bonds as authentic hGH. PMID- 3912262 TI - The quasispecies (extremely heterogeneous) nature of viral RNA genome populations: biological relevance--a review. AB - We review evidence that cloned (or uncloned) populations of most RNA viruses do not consist of a single genome species of defined sequence, but rather of heterogeneous mixtures of related genomes (quasispecies). Due to very high mutation rates, genomes of a quasispecies virus population share a consensus sequence but differ from each other and from the consensus sequence by one, several, or many mutations. Viral genome analyses by sequencing, fingerprinting, cDNA cloning etc. indicate that most viral RNA populations (quasispecies) contain all possible single and double genomic site mutations and varying proportions of triple, quadruple, etc. site mutations. This quasispecies structure of RNA virus populations has many important theoretical and practical implications because mutations at only one or a few sites may alter the phenotype of an RNA virus. PMID- 3912263 TI - Transcription of the triose-phosphate-isomerase gene of Schizosaccharomyces pombe initiates from a start point different from that in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - Gene tpi, encoding the glycolytic enzyme triose phosphate isomerase (TPI) from the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe was cloned by complementation of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae tpil mutant. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the cloned gene revealed a single open reading frame (ORF) encoding a protein 59% homologous to S. cerevisiae TPI. The gene has a very high codon usage bias. Messenger RNA synthesis initiates at two points located 38 and 44 nucleotides downstream from a TATA box promoter sequence. In S. cerevisiae, transcription of this S. pombe gene initiates about 26 nucleotides downstream from the S. pombe start points. This observation indicates that the two yeasts have diverged in the mechanism which determines the 5' end of the messenger RNA relative to the TATA box. It appears that in some respects the transcription initiation mechanism of S. pombe more closely resembles that of higher eukaryotes than does the S. cerevisiae mechanism. PMID- 3912264 TI - Jean Starobinski, medical historian. PMID- 3912265 TI - Festschrift for Jean Starobinski. PMID- 3912266 TI - Some remarks concerning bureaucracy and medicine. PMID- 3912267 TI - [Charles-Gaspard de la Rive (1770-1834), psychiatrist and physicist]. PMID- 3912268 TI - [Albrecht von Haller and the medical practitioner of his era]. PMID- 3912269 TI - [Moritz Schiff and vivisection]. PMID- 3912270 TI - [Historical bases of the principle of reconstruction in vascular surgery]. PMID- 3912272 TI - [Physicians and specialists. The problem of the unity of medicine in Rome in the lst century A.D]. PMID- 3912271 TI - [Development of knowledge concerning the brain]. PMID- 3912273 TI - [Homo quadratus. Variations on beauty and health in ancient medicine]. PMID- 3912274 TI - [The Basel physician Theodor Zwinger III (1658-1724) and his works during a long life]. PMID- 3912275 TI - The dream of Charles Bonnet (1720-1793). PMID- 3912276 TI - [Amor medicabilis herbis. An attempt in the 18th century to cure oneself of erotomania by the use of hemlock]. PMID- 3912277 TI - [Memoirs of the Napoleonic wars: the viewpoint of the wounded and their physicians]. PMID- 3912278 TI - [Social psychiatry: the history of a concept]. PMID- 3912279 TI - [Historical aspects of pain in pathology, neurophysiology and mentality]. PMID- 3912280 TI - Hippocrates as the physician of Democritus. PMID- 3912281 TI - [The character of the physician in Stendhal's novels]. PMID- 3912282 TI - [Diagnosis and prognosis in Hippocrates' time and ours]. PMID- 3912283 TI - Philippe Pinel, linguist: his work as translator and editor. PMID- 3912284 TI - [Methodological procedures for isolating pathogenic Escherichia from environmental objects]. PMID- 3912285 TI - [Modelling of the transmission of bacterial intestinal infections in swimming]. PMID- 3912286 TI - [Museum of the History of Public Health in Novokuibyshevsk]. PMID- 3912287 TI - [Contribution of Academician Lev Ivanovich Medved' to the development and practice of occupational medicine (on the 80th anniversary of his birth)]. PMID- 3912288 TI - [Results of the treatment of newborn infants with respiratory distress syndrome using intermittent mandatory respiration with positive end expiratory pressure]. PMID- 3912289 TI - [The history of the Chair of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the Jagiellonian University Medical Academy]. PMID- 3912290 TI - [Ultrasonic diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy]. PMID- 3912291 TI - [The use of ultrasonics in gynecology]. PMID- 3912292 TI - [Polish university textbooks on gynecology and obstetrics. IV. Development of Polish university textbooks on gynecology and obstetrics in the period between the world wars and after 1945]. PMID- 3912293 TI - [Recent advances in the pathology of Candida]. PMID- 3912294 TI - [Early diagnosis of breast cancer]. PMID- 3912295 TI - [Recent state of therapy of peptic disease]. PMID- 3912296 TI - [Inflammatory myopathies]. PMID- 3912297 TI - [Cardiac transplantation--light and shadow]. PMID- 3912298 TI - [A study of uteroplacental blood flow using pulsed Doppler ultrasound]. PMID- 3912299 TI - [Liver transplantation]. PMID- 3912300 TI - [Estrogen and progesterone receptors in breast cancer]. PMID- 3912301 TI - [Children on hemodialysis: an evaluation based on picture drawing]. PMID- 3912302 TI - [Congenital malformation detection by routine ultrasound examinations in pregnancy]. PMID- 3912303 TI - [Computerized clinical aids--medical expert system]. PMID- 3912304 TI - [Late phase reaction]. PMID- 3912305 TI - [The importance of colposcopy in pregnancy]. PMID- 3912306 TI - Prof. Dr. Antoni Jurasz (sen.): a cofounder of laryngology and a precursor of clinical phoniatrics. PMID- 3912307 TI - Tremorgenic mycotoxins. PMID- 3912308 TI - Sesterterpenes: an emerging group of metabolites from marine and terrestrial organisms. PMID- 3912309 TI - [Toxic lens syndrome--diagnosis, clinical aspects and therapy]. PMID- 3912310 TI - [Ultrasound endoscopy--enrichment of gastrointestinal diagnosis]. PMID- 3912311 TI - [Effectiveness and tolerance of Sedalipid in the treatment of hyperlipoproteinemias]. PMID- 3912312 TI - Pathophysiology of chronic hepatic encephalopathy. PMID- 3912313 TI - Histological diagnosis of liver hemangiomas using ultrasound-guided fine needle biopsy. AB - Hemangiomas of the liver are a common fortuitous finding during ultrasonographic studies of the liver. Although they often present a characteristic ultrasonographic pattern, it is not always possible to exclude malignant disease. Diagnostic difficulties may arise when known malignant disease is present. Computed tomography and angiography do not exclude misinterpretations. In nine patients, six of whom had known malignant disease, liver tumors were detected at ultrasonography. Using a new type of fine needle and ultrasonographic control, biopsy provided the histological diagnosis of hemangioma in all cases. Complications were not observed. PMID- 3912314 TI - Comparison of pirenzepine and carbenoxolone in the treatment of chronic gastric ulcer. A double-blind endoscopic trial. AB - The purpose of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of pirenzepine and carbenoxolone in accelerating the healing of chronic gastric ulcer. Sixty-six out-patients with endoscopically proven gastric ulcer, without major systemic diseases, were admitted to the study. Patients were randomly allocated to either pirenzepine, 50 mg three times a day for 6 weeks, or carbenoxolone, 100 mg three times a day for one week followed by 50 mg three times a day for the remaining five weeks. At 6 weeks, the ulcers had healed in 20 out of 34 patients (59%) treated with pirenzepine, and in 15 out of 29 patients (52%) treated with carbenoxolone. Symptomatic improvement was similar with both drugs. Some major side effects (oedema, hypokalaemia and hypertension) occurred in approximately 30% of patients treated with carbenoxolone; of those receiving pirenzepine 25% complained of minor symptoms (e.g. dry mouth, headache, tachycardia). It is concluded that pirenzepine and carbenoxolone are of similar, but rather limited, efficacy in speeding the healing of chronic gastric ulcer, but show important differences with respect to tolerability. PMID- 3912315 TI - Oesophageal motility, oesophageal transit, and gastro-oesophageal reflux--a methodological overview. PMID- 3912316 TI - Organization, sequence and expression of the HLA-B27 gene: a molecular approach to analyze HLA and disease associations. AB - Among the numerous autoimmune diseases associated with various HLA alleles, the one with the highest relative risk so far reported has been ankylosing spondylitis with HLA-B27. To examine this relationship more directly, we have cloned the gene encoding the HLA-B27 antigen and determined its complete DNA sequence. Comparison of the HLA-B27 sequence with that of the allelic HLA-B27 shows a high level of homology. Mutations are distributed evenly between exons and introns. Exon 1 and intron 1 are the most divergent ones, and the degree of divergence distinctly declines towards the 3' end. The HLA-B57 gene when transfected into murine L cells is expressed on the cell surface and reacts with a panel of monoclonal antibodies directed against monomorphic and polymorphic determinants associated with HLA-B27 antigen. The isolation of this gene allows for the first time a search for structural features which make the HLA-B27 antigen a high risk genetic factor for a group of rheumatoid disorders, in particular ankylosing spondylitis. PMID- 3912317 TI - Cell triggering by activated complement components. PMID- 3912318 TI - Graft-versus-host disease in murine bone marrow transplantation. II. Modulation of acute and chronic GVHD in mice receiving bone marrow allografts pretreated with immunosuppressive factor derived from a human T cell line. AB - BALB/c bone marrow treated with monoclonal anti-Thy 1.2 antibody and complement is unable to produce prolonged hemopoietic repopulation and survival when transplanted to lethally-irradiated allogeneic CBA recipient mice. Preincubation of the antibody treated bone marrow cells with an immunosuppressive factor (SAF) derived from a 6-thioguanine resistant cell line, itself derived from the human T cell line CEM, in contrast, allowed those bone marrow cells to produce a state of chimerism and long term survival. Parameters designed to gauge the degree of graft-versus-host reactivity (GVHR) in these animals suggested that acute GVHR was abolished with this procedure. Moreover, defining chronic GVHD as associated with abnormally high spontaneous proliferation of splenic cells, elevated anti host mixed lymphocyte reactivity, or elevated serum immunoglobulin levels (in all cases when compared with the syngeneically repopulated BALB/c----BALB/c), our data suggest that preincubation with SAF modified chronic GVHD also. PMID- 3912319 TI - Evaluation of spontaneous lymphocyte proliferation by single cell autoradiography in human allograft recipients. AB - Spontaneous lymphocyte proliferation was studied in 22 patients receiving cadaveric renal transplants before and at various times after grafting. Prophylactic immunosuppression consisted of CyA and prednisone. Spontaneous lymphocyte proliferation was evaluated in a total of 500 single cell autoradiographs after short term in vitro incubation with [3H]TdR. In 13 patients without clinical problems a transitory increase of lymphocyte labeling indices to approximately five times the pretransplant levels was observed. The failure to detect such increments in two patients receiving optimally matched grafts suggested that this early proliferative lymphocyte peak might be caused by in vivo recognition of major histocompatibility antigens. Much higher labeling indices were detected in close temporary association with acute cellular rejection (4 cases), severe infections and withdrawal of CyA (3 cases) and venous thrombosis (1 case). Only moderately elevated numbers of spontaneously proliferating lymphocytes were seen in one patient with a reversible vascular rejection episode. It appears that assessment of spontaneous lymphocyte proliferation is capable of discriminating on a quantitative level between patients with and without clinical problems such as acute cellular rejection and infection. PMID- 3912320 TI - Infectivity of Leishmania promastigotes is associated with surface antigenic expression. AB - Differentiation between a non-infective and an infective Leishmania promastigote population was demonstrated. Promastigotes in the stationary phase (day 5) were found to be highly infective in vitro to BALB/c mouse peritoneal macrophages, compared with those of the logarithmic phase (day 3). The infective promastigotes showed surface antigenic determinants different from non-infective ones. Polyclonal anti-3 day and anti-5 day antibodies were bound specifically to the surface of corresponding promastigotes in both SRIA and IFAT; no strong cross reactions were observed otherwise. Also, polyclonal anti-5 day but not anti-3 day antibodies recognized efficiently the antigenic molecules on the surface of late stage (day 7) sandfly promastigotes. This clearly indicates the appearance of new antigenic molecules on the surface of infective promastigote forms. Intracellular multiplication of Leishmania was significantly inhibited by anti-5 day antibodies compared with anti-3 day antibodies. The presence of new surface molecules on late stage promastigotes may contribute to Leishmania infectivity. PMID- 3912321 TI - Pre- & post-treatment levels of serum complement levels (C3 & C4) in children with malaria. PMID- 3912322 TI - Evaluation of methods employed for the detection of autoantibodies against DNA in autoimmune diseases. PMID- 3912324 TI - Cancer registration: historical aspects. PMID- 3912323 TI - Rapid diagnosis of streptococcal infections. PMID- 3912325 TI - Planning services for the cancer patient. PMID- 3912326 TI - [Echoes of an epoch]. PMID- 3912328 TI - Reconstruction of the edentulous mandible. AB - Three techniques, the subperiosteal mandibular bone plate, the mandibular staple bone plate and the titanium plasma screw implant system, used in the reconstruction of the edentulous mandible, are reviewed. The surgical and prosthetic techniques for each type of implant are described. A first attempt at gathering statistics on the results obtained with these implants is reported. PMID- 3912327 TI - Tissue integrated prostheses in clinical dentistry. AB - Implants can be anchored to bone either by a sheath of non-mineralized connective tissue or by osseointegration. The latter gives a firm, intimate and lasting connection. The requirements for osseointegration and the evidence that it occurs are reviewed together with its indications within dentistry. Treatment procedures with jaw-bone anchored bridges on osseointegrated implants are summarized. The series treated comprised about 6000 implants in 1000 jaws of 1000 patients. About 1500 implants were statistically analysed after observation times of 5-12 years. The longest observation period is presently 19 years. Only 14 patients had to revert to removable dentures. The masticatory function of the patients was restored to the same level as that of patients with natural dentitions of corresponding extent. Psycho-socially the patients were almost entirely relieved of their previous severe handicaps related to edentulousness. In all lower and 90 per cent of upper jaws the bridges were continuously stable. The marginal soft tissue reactions were mild and the marginal bone loss less than 1.0 mm during the first year and thereafter only 0.05-0.07 mm annually. After the first year hardly any implants were lost and almost no marginal bone. The implant survival rates were 84 and 93 per cent for those in upper and lower jaws respectively. These results allow a very predictable prognosis to be given for tissue integrated prostheses. PMID- 3912329 TI - The scientific basis of periodontal treatment. AB - The development of periodontal treatment based on knowledge of the aetiology and pathogenesis of the diseases is reviewed. Emphasis is laid on the role of microorganisms and especially on the significance of their immunological interactions with the host. It is concluded that, despite increasing knowledge of the pathogenesis, microbiology and immunology of periodontal diseases, the methods of treatment have not changed essentially during the past 30 years. Oral hygiene instruction, scaling and root planing are still the methods of choice. PMID- 3912330 TI - Alveolar bone loss in bridge recipients after six and twelve years. AB - For a long time the major emphasis in prosthetic dentistry was placed on the technical and mechanical aspects of the different procedures and material used. The relationship between the prosthetic treatment and the periodontal tissues received less attention. As a consequence early results of epidemiological studies were not encouraging since they revealed that prosthetic treatment may be an important contributory factor in the aetiology of periodontal diseases. Research during the last two decades into the aetiology and pathogenesis of these diseases has revealed major principles and finer details relating to the mechanisms of their initiation and progression. Recent research has shown that cooperation between the prosthodontist and the periodontist, based upon agreed fundamental concepts, may give encouraging results in the prosthetic replacement of lost teeth. The study reported here assesses the effects upon the periodontal tissues of fixed bridges over a six and twelve year period. PMID- 3912331 TI - Laminin and type IV collagen in the human testis. AB - Specimens of normal human testis and biopsies from testes with Sertoli-cell-only syndrome in which the seminiferous tubules had a remarkably thickened lamina propria, were investigated immunohistochemically using specific antibodies against human laminin and human type IV collagen. In the normal testis, both laminin and type IV collagen were localized to the epithelial basement membranes and the peritubular cell layers. In addition, laminin was found in the Sertoli cells. In the pathological testis, structures representing invaginations of the tubular basement membrane were positive for both laminin and type IV collagen. The presence of laminin and type IV collagen in the myoid cell layers, and laminin in the Sertoli cells from both normal and pathological testis and its indication for the secretion of these substances by the myoid and Sertoli cells is discussed. PMID- 3912332 TI - Cross index of synonyms and trade names in volumes 1 to 36. PMID- 3912333 TI - The correlation between the hypotensive effect of increasing single doses of nifedipine tablets with its plasma concentration in patients with essential hypertension. AB - The hypotensive effect and the plasma concentration following 20, 40, 60 and 80 mg single doses of nifedipine (NIF) tablets were monitored during the first 3 hours and again after 12, 24 and 48 hours in six hypertensive patients. The maximal hypotensive effect was observed at 3 hours. Following the 40 mg NIF dose, systolic blood pressure (SBP) fell from a mean value (+/- s.e.m.) of 181 +/- 5.7 mmHg to 151 +/- 6.4 mmHg (p less than 0.001) and the diastolic blood pressure (DBP) from a mean of 111 +/- 3.8 mmHg to 91 +/- 3.0 mmHg (p less than 0.001). No significant further reduction was found with the 60 and 80 mg dose. At doses above 40 mg the hypotensive effect lasted up to 24 hours. A linear correlation was found between the dose given and the area under the NIF plasma concentration time curve, as well as with the peak plasma levels for each dose. Mean plasma levels were maximal at 3 hours for each dose. The overall correlation between the NIF plasma concentration and the drop in blood pressure was r = -0.388 for SBP and r = -0.421 for DBP (n = 141). Marked interindividual variation was found for the correlation between plasma levels and the change in blood pressure. Adverse effects were minimal. PMID- 3912334 TI - Analgesic treatment in acute myocardial infarction: a comparison between indoprofen and morphine by a double-blind randomized pilot study. AB - On the basis of the results of an earlier study, showing that i.v. indoprofen induced no clinically significant changes in hemodynamic parameters of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), a double-blind randomized trial was carried out in 40 AMI patients to evaluate the analgesic activity of 400 mg i.v. indoprofen in comparison with 10 mg i.m. morphine hydrochloride. Pain severity was recorded before and at several intervals within 24 h after drug administration. The average analgesic response was prompt and progressive up to the 6th hour in both treatment groups, with no significant difference between drugs in various pain descriptors. However, the proportion of responding patients in indoprofen group was greater than in morphine group at all observation times, indicating a significant difference (p less than 0.05) in favor of indoprofen. In view of its good tolerability, i.v. indoprofen is worth considering in early AMI as an alternative to morphine in those patients in whom non-opiate analgesia might be preferable. PMID- 3912336 TI - Epidemiological studies of alcohol and drug use by the youth of Australia. AB - The use of alcohol and other drugs (with the exception of tobacco) by Australia's youth has never been surveyed nationally. Ad hoc surveys have been made on populations that are often not comparable, and the criteria for "use" have been inconsistent. However, one can rank the use of alcohol and drugs; those most commonly used are the legally, socially acceptable substances--alcohol, tobacco, and the analgesics. Of the illegal drugs, cannabis is the most popular; narcotics are used infrequently. Further epidemiological studies should be coordinated, examine comparable populations, and use identical criteria for "use." PMID- 3912335 TI - Antipyretic activity of nimesulide suppositories: double blind versus diclofenac and placebo. AB - The acute antipyretic activity of nimesulide 200 mg suppositories was tested in a double-blind trial using diclofenac 100 mg suppositories as active reference drug and placebo as blank reference. Eighty-one patients (52 males and 29 females) aged between 18 and 90 years (mean 65 +/- 16.4), with fever of various etiology entered the study. Body temperature, heart rate and blood pressure were recorded before the drug administration and than after 30, 60, 90, 120, 240 and 360 minutes. Nimesulide proved to be as effective as diclofenac in normalizing body temperature and fever related objective signs (heart rate and arterial pressure), significantly shortening fever duration with respect to placebo. The tolerability of both treatments was in general good: 3 cases of nimesulide group (10%) and 4 cases of diclofenac group (17%) complained of slight and transitory side effects. No side effects were complained in the placebo group. PMID- 3912337 TI - Narcotics anonymous: its history, structure, and approach. AB - Although Narcotics Anonymous (NA) is the oldest and largest self-help group for the support of drug abusers, it has received little study. This paper provides an overview of the history, structure, philosophy, and activities of the NA fellowship based on interviews with members, a survey of the NA literature, and observation at a residential therapeutic community employing the NA approach. The latter data provide a means of analyzing the relationship between NA and those implementing its program. Suggestions for research are advanced in recognition of Narcotics Anonymous as both underground social movement and major treatment modality for drug abusers. PMID- 3912338 TI - Treatment of alcoholic liver injury. PMID- 3912339 TI - Cimetropium bromide, a new antispasmodic compound: pharmacology and therapeutic perspectives. AB - The pharmacology and clinical use of cimetropium bromide is reviewed. Experimental and clinical data demonstrated that this new compound is a potent antimuscarinic and an effective antispasmodic drug. It is also endowed of a direct myolitic action which partially accounts for its antispasmodic activity. Clinical trials as yet performed confirmed its efficacy in many painful conditions of the gastrointestinal, biliary and genitourinary tracts, as well as its usefulness as a pre-endoscopic medication. Finally, the drug proved to be well tolerated, with a low incidence of atropine-like untoward effects. PMID- 3912340 TI - Experience of a seating clinic. AB - Patients who cannot walk, particularly those with orthopaedic deformities, need more than a simple wheelchair; they require a special seating system. Since the early 1970's many different systems have been introduced to the field of orthotics and prescribed through "Seating Clinics" in many centres in North America and around the world. Our experience in the Seating Clinic at the University of Kansas Medical centre is presented. Most patients were children (70%) with 69% male and 31% female. Various seating systems were prescribed, including the Safety Travel Chair, the Moulded Plastic Insert, the Orthopaedic Body Support (foam on plywood), the Spinal Support System, the Moulded Seat Total Contact Shell (sitting support orthosis) and the DESEMO support system. The majority of patients had cerebral palsy (58%) and muscular dystrophy (33%). Other conditions included spinal cord injury, spina bifida and multiple orthopaedic deformities. Sixty five percent of the custom made seating systems prescribed were the Orthopaedic Body Support. Unilateral dislocation of the hip presents a major problem in seating because of pelvic obliquity. PMID- 3912341 TI - Serial hippuran renograms to detect the late onset of renal allograft rejection in pediatric transplant recipients. AB - Serial hippuran renograms were performed in pediatric allograft recipients in an effort to detect the onset of rejection following the initial 3 month post transplant period. The plots of the normalized effective renal plasma flows (NERPF) were compared with reciprocal of the serum creatinines. A strong correlation was noted between both values. NERPF could be predicted from the serum creatinine utilizing a logarithmic equation. However, there was no detectable difference between the onset of changes in the slopes of either variable. Therefore, serial hippuran renograms were no better than monitoring serum creatinine in detecting allograft dysfunction when performed at the frequency of the study. PMID- 3912342 TI - Symptomatic urinary tract infection in pediatric patients--a developmental aspect. AB - A group of children (112) at different phase of development, i.e. neonates, infants, preschool and school children were studied for symptomatic UTI. The most common clinical presentations were loin pain (56.4%), fever (50.0%), diarrhea and vomiting (47.4%) in school, preschool and infant groups respectively. In the neonatal group all patients presented with sepsis. In school children fever was more common in those with radiological abnormalities vs those without (p less than 0.005). In neonates intrauterine growth retardation was more common in those with radiological abnormalities (p less than 0.012). Radiological abnormalities were more common in male school children than in female (p less than 0.02). Renal scarring occurred mainly in school children whereas VUR occurred mainly in infants. As male children advance in age there is increased risk of radiological abnormalities. There is an increased percentage of E. coli as causative organism as age increases; from 48.3% in neonates to 74.5% in school children. We conclude that symptomatic UTI is age related in many aspect. PMID- 3912343 TI - Intellectual development of children with renal insufficiency and end stage disease. AB - Sixty six pediatric nephrology patients, age 6 months to 20 years, were given individual psychometric tests of intelligence two or more times during the course of treatment; 24 were retested within the stage of conservative management, dialysis or post-transplantation, 42 were retested between those stages. The first IQ scores ranged from three standard deviations below the test mean of 100 to two above (first sample mean 85.91). The second mean IQ was significantly higher (91.96). Paired t tests showed that significant increases in mean IQ scores occurred between the pre- to post-transplantation stages of treatment. No significant changes occurred within stages or between conservative management and dialysis. Equivocal changes existed between dialysis and transplantation. Four patients with prolonged central nervous system complications and serious family problems had scores which declined more than one standard deviation. Issues related to age, medical condition, socioeconomic status, and cohort changes were evaluated. PMID- 3912344 TI - Tongue thrust: attitudes and practices of speech pathologists and orthodontists. PMID- 3912345 TI - [Current trends in the field of etching]. PMID- 3912346 TI - [Orofacial pain: physiopathological, clinical and psychological aspects]. PMID- 3912347 TI - Coping with myocardial infarction: a model with clinical applications, a literature review. AB - Following a myocardial infarction any residual symptoms are likely to remind the patient of a possible fatal outcome and be detrimental to successful rehabilitation. Negative psychological attitudes need to be identified early. Intervention to improve the mental state should be introduced to restore self confidence. PMID- 3912348 TI - Sex differences in brain organization: implications for human communication. AB - This article reviews current knowledge in two major research domains: sex differences in neuropsychophysiology, and in human communication. An attempt was made to integrate knowledge from several areas of brain research with human communication and to clarify how such a cooperative effort may be beneficial to both fields of study. By combining findings from the area of brain research, a communication paradigm was developed which contends that brain-related sex differences may reside largely in the area of communication of emotion. PMID- 3912349 TI - An experimental single layer colonic anastomosis. PMID- 3912350 TI - Robert Graves--150 years on. PMID- 3912351 TI - Issue honoring Franz Brull. PMID- 3912352 TI - Syncope: a retrospective study of 101 hospitalized patients. AB - A retrospective study was conducted of 101 hospitalized patients who had one or more episodes of syncope. The etiology of syncope was established with relative ease in 61% of these patients. History and physical examination revealed the cause in 34%, resting ECG in 11% and 24-h ECG monitoring in 16%. Additional tests (electroencephalograms, Doppler studies of the cervical arteries, computerized tomography of the brain, ultrasonography of the heart and cardiac catheterization) either were noncontributory or did not contribute to confirmed diagnoses already established by other means. Cardiac causes were responsible for the syncope in 34% and noncardiac causes in 27%. Comparison between diagnosed and undiagnosed patients revealed no significant differences with respect to age, number of syncopal episodes or presence of hypertension or diabetes. There were, however, significantly more women, and a lower frequency of ischemic heart disease and other associated diseases in the undiagnosed group. It is concluded that all patients with syncope should undergo ambulatory ECG and 24-h ECG monitoring, and that hospitalization should be reserved for patients whose clinical condition requires admission or when further investigation is necessary. PMID- 3912353 TI - Changing conceptions of anxiety: a historical review and a proposed integration. PMID- 3912354 TI - [Diagnosis, clinical aspects and therapy of multilocular echinococcosis]. PMID- 3912355 TI - [Preoperative irradiation of rectum carcinoma. Results of a randomized European multicenter study]. PMID- 3912356 TI - [Clinical aspects and therapy of inflammatory aneurysms of the abdominal aorta]. PMID- 3912357 TI - The proportions of hemoglobin types induced in mouse erythroleukemia cells vary with the inducer or combination of inducers, the inducer concentration and the time of induction. AB - The relative amounts of hemoglobin (Hb) major and Hb minor accumulated during induction of erythrodifferentiation in mouse erythroleukemia (MEL) cells were studied. The ratio of major to minor was found to depend not only upon the inducer tested (as reported previously by others), but also upon the concentration of the inducer and the time of exposure to the inducer as well as the specific cell line of MEL cells studied. At concentrations required for optimal induction of differentiation, certain agents led to the accumulation of predominantly Hb major, but suboptimal concentrations of the same inducers led to predominantly Hb minor accumulation. After a relatively short induction time (2 da) utilizing a given inducer either the level of Hb minor was higher than that of Hb major or the levels of the two Hb's were approximately equal, but after longer induction periods (3-7 da) Hb major was more abundant than Hb minor. In addition, it was found that the three proteases tested induced predominantly Hb minor. The addition of suboptimal concentrations of low molecular weight inducers acted synergistically with a given protease to produce a high yield of Hb containing cells. When these agents were added singly they induced relatively low Hb major/Hb minor ratios, but when a low molecular weight inducer was added together with a protease in a "synergistic" combination, elevated ratios were induced. The proportions of hemoglobin types induced in MEL cells may be related in part to the intensity of the induction response. In view of these data, classifications of inducers based solely on the ratios of Hb types produced must be guarded. PMID- 3912358 TI - Interactive computer programs for applied nutrition education. AB - DIET2 and DIET3 are programs written for a Dec2050 computer and intended for teaching applied nutrition to students of nutrition, dietetics, home economics, and hotel and institutional administration. DIET2 combines all the facilities of the separate dietary programs already available at Robert Gordon's Institute of Technology into a single package, and extends these to give students a large amount of relevant information about the nutritional balance of foods (including DHSS and NACNE recommendations) prior to choosing them for meals. Students are also helped by the inclusion of typical portion weights. They are presented with an analysis of nutrients and their balance in the menu created, with an easy mechanism for ammendation of the menu and addition of foods which provide the nutrients that are lacking. At any stage the computer can give the proportion of total nutrient provided by each meal. DIET3 is a relatively simple program that displays the nutritional profile of foods and diets semigraphically. PMID- 3912359 TI - Teachable moments occasioned by "small deaths". PMID- 3912360 TI - Physico-chemical and microbiological comparison of nystatin, amphotericin A and amphotericin B, and structure of amphotericin A. AB - Two polyene antibiotics, nystatin and amphotericin A, were compared by physico chemical and microbiological methods. The two antibiotics were found to have the same molecular weight, 926, by plasma desorption and electron-impact MS. However, 13C NMR spectrometry and HPLC studies indicated that the two molecules are different. The 200 MHz NMR studies indicated a chemical environment of 24 carbons of amphotericin A identical with that of the carbons of amphotericin B and nystatin. The structure of amphotericin A is identical with that of amphotericin B, except that there is a single bond between carbons 28 and 29 instead of a double bond, as shown by two-dimensional NMR studies. PMID- 3912361 TI - Bestatin, a microbial aminopeptidase inhibitor, inhibits DNA synthesis induced by insulin or epidermal growth factor in primary cultured rat hepatocytes. AB - Bestatin, a microbial aminopeptidase inhibitor, inhibited insulin- or epidermal growth factor-induced DNA synthesis and cell proliferation in primary cultured hepatocytes of rats. The aminopeptidase inhibitor also affected the growth of FM3A or LOBN cells of mice, when it is included in the culture media at the concentration of 0.5 mg/ml. These results suggest the important role of the bestatin-sensitive aminopeptidase(s) in the process of DNA synthesis and proliferation of animal cells. PMID- 3912363 TI - History of dentistry in Hawaii. PMID- 3912362 TI - Epivaliolamine and deoxyvalidamine, new pseudo-aminosugars produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus. PMID- 3912364 TI - Plasmid characterization of Shigella spp. isolated from children with shigellosis and asymptomatic excretors. AB - Strains of Shigella dysenteriae type 1 and Sh. flexneri isolated during 1981-82 from children with shigellosis and also from asymptomatic excretors were examined for drug resistance and for the presence of plasmids. Shigella strains isolated from dysenteric children showed multiple plasmid bands. Thirty-eight percent of the strains transferred the drug resistance factor(s), either partially or fully to a recipient Escherichia coli K12 strain. Plasmids in the molecular weight range from between 44-76 Mdal were correlated with drug resistance. It was found that multi-resistant clinical isolates generally harbour a single large transmissible plasmid. Strains isolated from asymptomatic excretors demonstrated plasmid patterns different from those isolated from children with shigellosis although the bands were relatively homogeneous within each group. Both the groups showed the presence of a 140 Mdal plasmid band conferring invasiveness and such strains gave a positive Sereny test. This study thus shows that Shigella strains from asymptomatic excretors also retain invasiveness. PMID- 3912365 TI - Norfloxacin versus trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole: efficacy in a model of ascending urinary tract infection in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. AB - A model of ascending urinary tract infection due to an isolate of Escherichia coli was developed in normal and streptozotocin-induced mice to compare the efficacy of norfloxacin and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole. Norfloxacin and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole both were effective in reducing the number of colony forming units of E. coli from the kidneys of normal experimentally infected mice, although norfloxacin yielded a greater quantitative reduction of colony forming units. Norfloxacin was substantially more effective than trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole in reducing the number of colony forming units from kidney homogenates when the test animals were diabetic. This study supports the initiation of clinical trials to evaluate norfloxacin in diabetic patients. PMID- 3912366 TI - Tissue levels in patients after intravenous administration of ceftazidime. AB - Surgical patients (15 gynaecological and 58 other operative cases) were given 2 g of ceftazidime iv preoperatively. The ceftazidime levels of tissues removed during operation were determined. Levels were also determined from serum samples taken 30 min, 1 h, 3 h and 7 h post dosing. Tissue/serum ratios were calculated on the basis of the serum level at the time of removal of the tissue. For the myometrium, skeletal muscle, prostate, skin, gallbladder wall, breast, peritoneal tissue and fatty tissue these ratios were: 0.632 +/- 0.14, 0.600 +/- 0.18, 0.579 +/- 0.14, 0.441 +/- 0.18, 0.413 +/- 0.16, 0.368 +/- 0.15, 0.305 +/- 0.13 and 0.224 +/- 0.10 respectively. These ratios are higher than those reported in the literature. The possible reason for this discrepancy is discussed. PMID- 3912367 TI - CAPD peritonitis: a prospective randomized trial of oral versus intraperitoneal treatment with cephradine. AB - In a prospective randomized clinical trial 84 peritonitis episodes were treated with cephradine, either orally or intraperitoneally. No difference in treatment outcome between both groups could be demonstrated. In episodes caused by susceptible micro-organisms a good response was seen in 82% in the oral and 82% in the intraperitoneal groups. These clinical findings were supported by the demonstration of adequate cephradine concentrations in serum and dialysate after oral as well as after intraperitoneal administration. Altogether cephradine was given orally or intraperitoneally in 88 episodes of peritonitis as drug of first choice. In 52 a complete cure was obtained, in 36 another antibiotic was subsequently needed as soon as bacterial susceptibility was known. No patient deteriorated appreciably during the delay between the start of cephradine and the switch to another antibiotic. Of the 36 episodes 14, caused by methicillin resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis, responded well initially to cephradine but relapsed later. Change to another antibiotic effected a complete recovery in all 14 cases. Of the remaining 22 episodes, 14 were cured by the other antibiotic, in eight the catheter had to be removed. Aminoglycosides could be avoided except for ten of the episodes. During peritonitis CAPD was continued, in 71% of the cases on an outpatient basis. Mortality due to peritonitis was absent. We conclude that oral cephradine can be used as drug of first choice in the initial treatment of CAPD peritonitis, because a good initial response was obtained in 66 (52 + 14) i.e. 75% of 88 episodes. However, complete cure by cephradine alone was achieved in only 60%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3912369 TI - Immobilization of DNA via covalent linkage for use as immunosorbent. AB - DNA was immobilized covalently to Sepharose by several methods using epichlorohydrin, cyanogen bromide, carbodiimide, hydroxysuccinimide, carbonyldiimidazole, trichlorotriazine, and diazonium salt. These immobilizing methods were compared from the standpoint of the preparation of immunosorbent for anti-DNA antibodies. Among these methods, that involving epichlorohydrin was the most suitable because of large coupling capacity, stability of bound DNA, and nonadsorption of anti-DNA by the support itself. PMID- 3912368 TI - Abnormality of the post-proline-cleaving enzyme activity in mice with systemic lupus erythematosus-like syndrome. AB - Previous studies indicated the importance of hydrolytic enzymes in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. In the present study, we examined the activities of such enzymes in various organs of the hybrids of the New Zealand Black and New Zealand White mouse (NZB/W mouse) as a laboratory model of human systemic lupus erythematosus. Of the 18 enzymatic activities tested, the activities of the post-proline-cleaving enzyme showed a particular behavior in the spleen of NZB/W mouse. The enzymatic activity progressively increased with age in contrast to the reverse tendency in the control. This phenomenon was not found in any organs other than the spleen. The activity of this enzyme showed a high level of correlation to that of proline-iminopeptidase in most organs tested from control animals. However, these correlations were almost completely absent in the spleen of NZB/W mice. This may suggest an important pathogenetic role for the post-proline-cleaving enzyme in immunological disturbances in this model animal. PMID- 3912370 TI - Specific conjugation reactions of the oligosaccharide moieties of immunoglobulins. AB - Methods for the specific conjugation of both polyclonal antibodies and monoclonal antibodies via their carbohydrate moieties are described. Mild oxidation of the immunoglobulin with sodium periodate produces reactive aldehydes on the carbohydrate moieties. Subsequent reaction with hydrazide derivatives of biotin, fluorescent dyes, or enzymes produces stable antibody conjugates which retain full immunological activity. In addition, immunoaffinity supports can be prepared in the same manner using solid supports containing a hydrazide function. PMID- 3912371 TI - Isolation of human erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase using phase separation with Triton X-114 and monoclonal immunosorbent chromatography. AB - A generally applicable approach to the preparative isolation of amphiphilic membrane proteins that follow the Triton X-114 phase during a temperature dependent phase separation is described. The phase separations were performed direct on whole blood and a 650-fold purification of human erythrocyte membrane acetylcholinesterase (AchE) was obtained. Thus, 0.2 mg enzyme was isolated per 1 liter of blood, with a specific activity of 13 IU/mg, the major contaminants being glycophorin and hemoglobin. The protein material was isolated from the detergent phase by Cu2+ chelate chromatography. This material was used to raise monoclonal anti-AchE antibodies which, when applied to immunosorbent chromatography of washed Triton X-100-lysed erythrocytes in one step, allowed a 246,000-fold purification of AchE with a yield of 88% and a specific activity of 3800 IU/mg. PMID- 3912372 TI - The present status of steroid aerosols. PMID- 3912373 TI - Hypoglycaemia in falciparum malaria--an unusual manifestation. PMID- 3912374 TI - Cerebral malaria--diagnostic-cum-therapeutic problem. PMID- 3912375 TI - Recent trends in chemotherapy of leprosy. PMID- 3912376 TI - Reversible renal failure in auto transplanted restenosed bilateral renal artery stenosis with captopril. PMID- 3912377 TI - [Real-time echographic study of the main axis of well-circumscribed solid breast tumors]. PMID- 3912378 TI - [Peripheral venous digital subtraction angiography of aortocoronary venous bypass]. PMID- 3912379 TI - A non-hormonal adrenocortical tumor. PMID- 3912380 TI - Unsuspected posterior pseudoaneurysm of the left ventricle diagnosed by digital subtraction contrast angiography. PMID- 3912381 TI - Isodense liver metastasis on CT: importance of "the hump sign". PMID- 3912383 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of cystic lymphangioma by ultrasound. PMID- 3912382 TI - [Bilateral adenocarcinoma in polycystic kidneys]. PMID- 3912384 TI - Portal cavernoma in a 9-year-old child. PMID- 3912385 TI - Ultrasound and CT studies of an aneurysm of the left portal vein branch. PMID- 3912386 TI - Renal vein thrombosis in a case of pancreatitis. PMID- 3912387 TI - Purification of bacteriophage T7 DNA-membrane complex and its application to the in vitro recombination reaction. AB - In order to construct an in vitro recombination system of T7 DNA, the reaction products of which resemble those in vivo in structure, T7 DNA-membrane complex which is free from concomitant DNase activity was purified from T7 phage-infected cells. T7-infected cells were lysed with T4 lysozyme/Brij58, and T7 DNA-membrane complex was purified through three successive density gradient centrifugations. The properties of the complex on exposure to defined nucleases and observation of the complex by electron microscopy revealed that in T7 DNA-membrane complex, both ends of a linear T7 DNA are bound with membrane components. A mixture of 32P labeled T7 DNA-membrane complex and BU-labeled T7 DNA-membrane complex was incubated with T7 exonuclease and T7 DNA-binding protein, and the reaction products with intermediate density were purified. Most of the products were found to have structures similar to that of the recombination intermediate found in T7 infected cells upon electron microscopic examination. PMID- 3912389 TI - [Histological study of the biocompatibility of hydroxyapatite crystals in periodontal surgery]. AB - The purpose of this investigation was to analyse, after 6 years of clinical trials, the findings obtained from biopsies of infrabony defects in man treated by grafts of hydroxyapatite. Filled extraction sockets in miniature swine treated in a similar manner with apatite were also studied. Light microscope analysis showed bone neoformation around and in the neighbourhood of grafted apatite fragments with the presence of osteocytes, osteoblasts and a normal peripheral connective tissue without inflammatory reaction. These results demonstrate the biocompatibility of the implanted apatites accompanied by a normal fibrogenesis and a seeming osteogenesis. PMID- 3912388 TI - A new beta-naphthylamide substrate of p-guanidino-L-phenylalanine for trypsin and related enzymes. AB - N alpha-Benzyloxycarbonyl-p-guanidino-L-phenylalanine beta-naphthylamide (Z-GPA beta NA) was synthesized and the susceptibility of this compound to trypsin and related enzymes was compared with that of N alpha-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-arginine beta-naphthylamide (Z-Arg-beta NA). Both Z-GPA-beta NA and Z-Arg-beta NA were rapidly and almost completely hydrolyzed by trypsin and pronase. Z-Arg-beta NA was hydrolyzed slowly by thrombin, while Z-GPA-beta NA was not susceptible to this enzyme at all. The rate of hydrolysis of Z-GPA-beta NA by papain was slower than that of Z-Arg-beta NA. Neither beta-naphthylamide substrate was hydrolyzed by alpha-chymotrypsin. The specificity constant (kcat/Km) for the hydrolysis of Z GPA-beta NA by trypsin was somewhat larger than that for the hydrolysis of Z-Arg beta NA. Contributions of the benzene ring in the side chain of Z-GPA-beta NA to good binding of this substrate to the specificity site of this enzyme and to the poor fit of the scissile bond in the substrate molecule to the active serine residue are presumed from comparison of the individual kinetic parameters (Km and kcat) for the two beta-naphthylamide substrates. Z-GPA-beta NA was ascertained to be a useful substrate in the study of the binding and catalytic specificities of various trypsin-like enzymes. PMID- 3912390 TI - X-irradiation induced degranulation of cells of convoluted granular tubules of murine submandibular salivary glands. AB - A single dose of 800 rad x-irradiation was shown to cause degranulation of the cells of the convoluted granular tubules of adult male Swiss white mice. By direct immunofluorescence, the degranulation was found to be associated with loss of immunoreactive epidermal growth factor (EGF) from the convoluted granular tubules. Immunoreactive EGF was found in some cells of tubules that were severely degranulated, and this was interpreted to be related to the greater sensitivity of the immunofluorescence method. The degranulation progressed from 2 h post irradiation to be complete by 2 days, from which time a slow return to normal granular appearance and EGF-positive immunofluorescence occurred by 76 days. It was found that the degranulation process could be inhibited by the alpha adrenergic blocking drug phentolamine (1 mg/ml in drinking water) suggesting that the effect of the x-irradiation was at least partly mediated by way of an alpha adrenergic mechanism. It was speculated that this mechanism could have derived from an effect of the x-irradiation on neural elements, or by way of increased circulating catecholamines caused by the stress of the x-irradiation, in addition to direct effects of irradiation on the cells of the convoluted granular tubules. PMID- 3912391 TI - Staged tendon reconstruction. AB - Severely injured flexor tendon systems can be salvaged through the use of a staged procedure. At Stage 1, the system is rebuilt around a passive silicone rubber implant; at stage 2, the implant is replaced by a tendon graft. This procedure is a complex undertaking that challenges patients, surgeons, and therapists alike. PMID- 3912392 TI - Flexor tendon nutrition. AB - The concepts regarding nutrient pathways to flexor tendons within the digital sheath are reviewed. Historically, both diffusion and perfusion have been considered significant pathways to the flexor tendon. Theories of tendon healing and adhesion formation, as well as techniques employed by the surgeon in the repair of tendons, are based on these concepts. PMID- 3912393 TI - Flexor tendon healing. AB - Concepts of flexor tendon healing suggest that repair is accomplished both by extrinsic peripheral fibroblasts and by intrinsic fibroblasts from the tendon itself. Recent studies indicate that although peripheral adhesions are associated with tendon healing, they are not essential to the repair process. PMID- 3912394 TI - Suture materials and suture techniques used in tendon repair. AB - Immediately after a tendon repair, the tendon contributes nothing to the strength of repair. During that time, the suture itself and suture technique are the sole contributors to the strength of repair. Although stainless steel is the strongest material that can be used at the time of repair, it has serious disadvantages. It is difficult to work with and makes a bulky knot. Conversely, all absorbable sutures become too weak too soon to be of value. At this time, nonabsorbable, synthetic fibers that are relatively strong, such as Supramid or prolene, are the most desirable materials available. Regarding suture techniques, the lateral trap and end-weave techniques produce the strongest repairs; however, the end-weave technique can only be used with tendon grafts and the lateral trap, though it can be used for end-to-end primary repairs. It is too bulky for use in the fingers and hand but is ideal for the forearm and wrist. In the hand and fingers, the strongest repair techniques available are the Bunnell, Kessler, and Mason-Allen; however, the Bunnell stitch is more strangulating to the microcirculation of the tendon than the latter two stitches; thus, it contributes to tendomalacia and gap formation. The simplest and least traumatic suture technique, though weakest at first, will allow tendon healing to proceed more rapidly. If such a repair is protected from tension by splinting the wrist and metacarpophalangeal joints in flexion during healing (while allowing controlled passive motion of the finger joints), there will be a rapid increase in tensile strength of the tendon juncture with minimal gap formation, as the repaired hand is progressively stressed up until about 90 days postrepair. At that point, strength plateaus and maximum stress can be applied to the repaired tendon. Somewhere between three and six weeks post-tendon repair, the suture material and technique become secondary to tendon healing as the primary provider of tensile strength to the tendon wound. The less traumatic suture techniques facilitate closure of the tendon sheath, which not only acts as a mechanical barrier to the ingrowth of extrasheath adhesion, which produces fibroblasts, but also re-establishes the continuity of the synovial fluid system, which is a major source of nutrition to the tendon. The healing tendon then can be thought of as a delicate structure, one not to be overmanipulated, traumatized, strangulated, or stretched.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3912395 TI - Flexor tendon repair. AB - In 1979 Verdan wrote, "whatever the situation may be, adhesions are until now certainly not a technically avoidable accident, but rather a consequence of the physiological healing process. As long as we have no technical solution to the problem of accurately maintaining the two cut ends in an intact synovial sheath without interfering with the blood supply, adhesions will remain a biologic inevitability." Although his admonition remains applicable, advances are occurring in our understanding of tendon healing and nourishment, the pulley system, techniques of repair, and the modification of adhesions. Armed with this information, each surgeon dealing with interruptions of flexor tendons must develop a rational, systematic approach to the management of these difficult injuries. The principles of atraumatic technique, as set down many years ago by Bunnell, remain inviolate. Repair procedures should be carried out by surgeons who are thoroughly knowledgeable and well trained in the area of flexor tendon surgery. Primary or delayed primary tendon repair of both the profundus and superficialis tendons should be carried out in almost all patients in all zones of flexor tendon interruption. The use of nonabsorbable sutures with a modified Kessler or Tajima "core suture" has proved to be effective, and, whenever possible, repair of the flexor tendon sheath seems to be appropriate. A well supervised program of early motion utilizing either active or passive techniques is also beneficial in suitable individuals. The restoration of function to a digit following flexor tendon interruption may be a long and tedious undertaking, requiring strong rapport between surgeon, therapist, and patient. When initiating the care of a patient with such an injury, the surgeon should spend considerable time explaining the problems related to the particular injury, the likelihood of achieving success, and the number of procedures that may be required. A high degree of patient motivation must be established to insure the proper participation in the demanding postoperative regimen associated with these procedures. With the important advances occurring in many areas of flexor tendon surgery, it is realistic to believe that in the future the techniques described in this article will be substantially altered and modified. Results should continue to improve until the patient and surgeon can expect all digits to return to nearly full function after flexor tendon interruption. PMID- 3912396 TI - Repair of the flexor pollicis longus. AB - There are more repair techniques available for an injured flexor pollicis longus than for the other digital flexors. The procedure of choice is immediate primary or early delayed repair (less than three weeks after injury) by direct end-to-end suture. Good thumb function can also be obtained with the use of late delayed repair by tendon advancement with or without lengthening, free tendon grafting, and tendon transfer. PMID- 3912397 TI - Indications and techniques for repair of the flexor tendon sheath. AB - Evidence now exists that synovial fluid is a significant nutrient for tendon healing and that reconstruction of the sheath improves results following tendon grafts. Sheath closure is recommended after both primary repair and secondary reconstruction. Techniques have been developed to best effect this closure, either with available tissue or with sheath grafts transferred from elsewhere. PMID- 3912398 TI - Surfaces and secretions in the pollen-stigma interaction: a brief review. AB - Interactions between pollen and pistil are key events in angiosperm reproduction, and for this reason they have been the target of an increasing volume of research in recent years. The regulation of fertilization has proved to be remarkably complex, involving controls of various kinds imposed at several different levels. Pollen hydration, governance of germination and stigma penetration, guidance and nutrition of the pollen tube in the style-as well as various, still enigmatic, direct interactions between male and female gametophytes - may all be concerned, individually or in combination, in determining whether fertilization will or will not be effected. The controls differ in degree of efficiency and specificity. Depending largely on the taxonomic remoteness of the parents, interspecific incompatibility may result simply from lack of physiological co-adaptation between the partners, or from rejection mechanisms of a more specific kind. Intraspecific incompatibility, although generally having a deceptively simple genetic basis, has proved to be surprisingly diverse in its physiological manifestations. The paper will present a brief conspectus of the present status of research in the field, and review some recent interpretations of the specific recognition events that may be involved in some of the interactions. PMID- 3912399 TI - The legume-Rhizobium symbiosis: a cell surface interaction. AB - This review will examine the early stages of infection of legume roots by strains of Rhizobium that induce nitrogen-fixing nodules. The object is to show that, at least in terms of ultrastructure, the interactions between the plant and the rhizobia occur at the cell surface interface between these organisms. This situation exists at all stages, from the time the bacteria attach to the surface of the root hairs to the time they occur as the nitrogen-fixing form in the cytoplasm of the nodule cells, enclosed by peribacteroid membranes. PMID- 3912400 TI - Rhizobium attachment to clover roots. AB - The adhesion of rhizobia to surfaces of clover roots was examined by an indirect plate-counting assay and phase-contrast microscopy. The number of Rhizobium trifolii cells attached to clover root segments increased in approximately linear fashion during the first hour of incubation, but did not change appreciably thereafter. The addition of 30 mM-2-deoxy-D-glucose, which effectively inhibits binding of clover root lectin, did not promote the release of previously attached bacteria nor inhibit subsequent attachment to either root segments or root hairs. Rhizobia of several heterologous species attached to clover roots in numbers comparable to those of strains of R. trifolii, the homologous species. These results indicate that rhizobia have effective mechanisms of adhesion to non-host roots and that clover lectin contributed little or nothing to attachment under the conditions examined. PMID- 3912401 TI - High density mammalian cell growth in Leibovitz bicarbonate-free medium: effects of fructose and galactose on culture biochemistry. AB - The most commonly used buffering system for mammalian cell cultures is a bicarbonate/CO2 system, which requires CO2 regulators and incubators to supply a constant level of CO2. As a replacement, Leibovitz developed a bicarbonate-free medium, L15, with relatively high levels of certain amino acids in the free base form. We found that a modified form of L15, containing 10 mM-fructose instead of galactose, supported high density growth of Vero and MDCK cells, with maintenance of a stable pH and lactate/pyruvate ratio. We report here investigations of Vero and MDCK cell growth and culture biochemistry at different concentrations of the two carbohydrates. The initial fructose concentration in the medium affected the eventual pH of the medium, the rate of production of lactic acid and ammonia, and the fructose utilization rate. The initial galactose concentration affected the growth rate but did not affect eventual culture pH, the rates of lactate and ammonia production, or the rate of its own utilization. Thus, Leibovitz' formula, modified to contain 10 mM-fructose, appears to yield satisfactory stability of culture pH and the lactate/pyruvate ratio. At all concentrations of galactose tested, the lactate/pyruvate ratio drifted out of the physiological range. PMID- 3912402 TI - Protein secretion in Tetrahymena thermophila: characterization of the secretory mutant strain SB281. AB - The ciliated protozoon Tetrahymena thermophila contains membrane-bounded secretory organelles termed mucocysts, the release of which has previously been characterized ultrastructurally as a model system for the events occurring during membrane fusion and protein secretion. Recently, a series of secretory mutant strains of Tetrahymena has been isolated following mutagenesis of a parental wild type strain designated SB210. In this study, the correlates of non-release in one unique mutant strain of this series, designated SB281, are described. SB281 appears to express a diminished (undetectable) level of the major 34000 Mr proteinaceous secretory product of Tetrahymena, as determined by Western immunoblot analysis and indirect immunofluorescence labelling. Thin-section electron-microscopic studies of these cells reveal that they possess no docked or free mature mucocysts. In addition, freeze-fracture electron microscopy demonstrates that an intramembrane particle array termed the rosette, present in the plasma membrane of wild-type cells above sites of docked mucocysts, is absent in the plasma membrane of mutant SB281 cells. A morphometric analysis of intramembrane particles in the plasma membrane of both wild-type and mutant cells indicates that both strains have a similar intramembrane particle density in both leaflets of the the plasma membrane. Although assembled rosettes are missing in the plasma membrane of mutant cells, a 15 nm intramembrane particle size class does exist in the plasma membrane of the mutant, but this size class is significantly reduced in number relative to wild-type. PMID- 3912403 TI - [Pathogenesis and treatment of aplastic anemia. Recent advances]. PMID- 3912404 TI - [A study on disopyramide-induced hypoglycemia]. PMID- 3912405 TI - [Studies of glucose intolerance in the elderly with special reference to atherosclerosis]. PMID- 3912406 TI - Possible influence of orthodontics on pituitary gland function and learning ability. PMID- 3912407 TI - Research on drinking locations of alcohol-impaired drivers: implications for prevention policies. PMID- 3912408 TI - Dental manpower planning: can we ever get it right? PMID- 3912409 TI - Factors contributing to variability in drug pharmacokinetics. IV. Renal excretion. AB - The renal excretion of drugs is mainly controlled by three factors: glomerular filtration, tubular secretion and tubular reabsorption. Only relatively polar drugs are excreted in appreciable amounts by the kidneys. Factors affecting renal excretion of drugs include: kidney function, protein binding, urine pH and urine flow. Impaired renal function may lead to a clinically significant accumulation of drugs eliminated by the kidneys, if more than 50% of the dose is normally excreted unchanged in the urine and the renal function is less than 50% of the normal value. Successful removal of a drug by dialysis requires that it possesses a polar character, low protein binding and a small to moderate volume of distribution. PMID- 3912410 TI - Purification and characterization of heat-stable proteases from Bacillus stearothermophilus RM-67. AB - The extracellular proteases of Bacillus stearothermophilus RM-67 were purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation (40 to 70% saturation), gel filtration through Sephadex G-100, and diethylaminoethyl-Sephadex A-50 ion-exchange chromatography. Gel filtration resulted in separation of the enzyme preparation into one minor (protease I) and one major (protease II) peak. The three-step purification scheme resulted in 39.5-fold purification and an overall recovery of 8.1% of protease I and 87.8-fold purification and 59.7% recovery of protease II. Purified proteases had pH and temperature optima of 8.0 and 70 degrees C. Protease I and II, when together, retained 100% activity at 60 degrees C for 30 min. Manganese imported 100% stability to the pooled proteases at 65 degrees C for 30 min. Amino acid analysis of the major peak (protease II) revealed the absence of half cystine and methionine. Protease I and II had molecular weights of 67,610 and 19,950 and Michaelis-Menten constants (casein) of 1.33 and 2.0 mg/ml. Energy of activation was 14,300 cal/mol for protease I and 11,150 cal/mol for protease II. Corresponding heat of activation was l3,620 and 10,470 cal/mol. PMID- 3912411 TI - Presence of X-prolyl-dipeptidyl-peptidase in lactic acid bacteria. AB - Prolyl-dipeptidyl-peptidase activity was detected in cell extracts of 21 lactic acid bacteria tested. Using disc electrophoresis and various substrates it was possible to distinguish it from proline iminopeptidase and proline endopeptidase. Generally the activity was high and was greater than that of proline iminopeptidase of proline endopeptidase at neutral pH and at 25 degrees C. PMID- 3912412 TI - [Comparison of 2 types of clasps used in removable partial dentures with a multidirectional insertion path]. PMID- 3912413 TI - [Occlusion in complete dentures. I]. PMID- 3912414 TI - [Occlusion in complete dentures. II]. PMID- 3912415 TI - Serotype c Streptococcus mutans mutatable to lactate dehydrogenase deficiency. AB - Three lactate-dehydrogenase-deficient mutants of serotype c S. mutans were made by using, as parents, two serotype c strains that produced unusually large amounts of ethanol, acetic acid, and acetoin, and very little lactic acid, when grown in broth containing a limiting amount of glucose. The mutants, obtained with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, were stable during 12 weeks of daily subculture in broth. Crude cell-free extracts of the mutants had less than 1% of the LDH-specific activity of their parent strains. The serotype c mutants resembled serotype g mutants in having molar growth yields at least as high as those of their parents. However, in contrast to the g mutants, the c mutants produced cell crops (cell mass per ml medium) that were as high as those of their parent strains. PMID- 3912416 TI - Colonization of the human oral cavity by a strain of Streptococcus mutans. AB - Streptococcus mutans strain JH1001 produces a bacteriocin that can kill virtually all other strains of this micro-organism. The ability of JH1001 to colonize the human oral cavity was tested in a study involving five subjects and three different infection regimens, all of which involved multiple exposures to large numbers of organisms. Two and one-half years after infection, JH1001 was found to have persistently colonized three of the subjects. The indigenous S. mutans in one subject were reduced below the level of detection. Levels of (total) S. mutans and S. sanguis were not affected in persistently colonized subjects. Mutants of indigenous S. mutans resistant to the bacteriocin were not observed. The results indicate the importance of host variability and infection regimen for superinfection by this strain of S. mutans. The efficient replacement of indigenous S. mutans by JH1001 in one subject lends support to the eventual application of replacement therapy to the prevention of dental caries. PMID- 3912417 TI - Internal morphology of surface zones from acid-etched caries-like lesions: a scanning electron microscopic study. AB - Using scanning electron microscopic techniques, we compared the surface topography and internal surface morphology of acid-etched caries-like lesions of enamel with those of sound enamel and caries-like lesions of enamel. The results indicated that acid-etching of caries-like lesions of enamel yielded etching patterns similar to those previously described for sound enamel. The internal morphology of the acid-etched lesion indicated that porosities were created which may allow access to the subsurface demineralized area of the lesion and could prove beneficial in facilitating remineralization. PMID- 3912418 TI - Analysis of alloy-porcelain compatibility using a multi-component material strip equation. AB - An analytical model has been developed to calculate residual stresses and curvature changes due to thermal contraction differences in metal-porcelain strips consisting of any number (n) of component materials. This model was also used to analyze transient and residual stresses due to solidification of a semicircular arch casting. Results obtained from this model were in close agreement with those obtained from finite element calculations for the cases studied. Some experimental evidence exists to suggest that thermal contraction coefficients of certain body porcelains progressively increase with the number of firing cycles. Therefore, a parametric study was conducted to determine the effects of variations in the thermal contraction coefficient of each porcelain layer on residual stresses and gap changes produced in porcelainized semicircular arch specimens. Based on the analytical model developed in this study, we found that calculated residual stresses near interfacial areas of adjacent layers of porcelain are most sensitive to variations in thermal contraction coefficients of the material layers. PMID- 3912419 TI - Significant contributions to the progress of dentistry during the 20th century. (The reminiscence of an editor). PMID- 3912420 TI - Endodontic posts and cores. Part II. Design of the Flexi-post. PMID- 3912421 TI - [Abnormalities of the neural tube in twins]. AB - We have studied neural tube malformations in twins in order to research into the role of genetic and environmental factors. 12 pairs of twins in which one child had a neural tube defect were studied in Brittany, which is a Celtic country. We found no evidential agreement about the role each factor played. On the other hand there was an excess of twins in the siblings of those with neural tube defects, especially in the siblings of the mothers. There were more dizygotic twin mothers. Analysing the literature has made it possible for us to find a level of agreement of 7.5% for monozygotic twins and 4.6% for dizygotic twins. This last figure corresponds to the recurrence rate found after one case. The aetiological theories are reviewed. Among factors bringing about neural tube defects would seem to be the microenvironment of the uterus and the delay between ovulation and fertilization and implantation of the fertilized egg. Nutrition of the embryo and possible vitamin deficiencies could explain this inter-action between the mother and the fetus. If there is a genetic factor, it is more likely to be maternal than fetal. PMID- 3912422 TI - [Echographic measurement of post-micturition urine volume: description of a simplified method for use in gynecology and obstetrics]. AB - A simple method of determining the quantity of urine after micturition in different clinical situations occurring in our specialty is described. There were three groups of patients studied: normal, women five days after delivery, and women who had been operated on for urinary incontinence (on the fifth post operative day). The reliability of the method was confirmed in the case of women who were receiving bladder training after operation for urinary incontinence. The value for the practitioner of this method, which only depends on a simple ultrasound machine, is emphasized. PMID- 3912423 TI - [Prenatal echographic diagnosis of conjoined twins after 20 weeks of amenorrhea]. AB - Conjoined twins are a rare entity in human teratology. Because early diagnosis of conjoined twins is so difficult as to be almost impossible it is usually only made in labour. Recent progress in the use of ultrasound as a means of diagnosis and also advances in neonatal surgery have stimulated a renewed interest in this malformation. A recent case at the University Hospital Centre of Habib Thameur in Tunis made it possible for us to diagnose the condition after 20 weeks of amenorrhoea and to terminate the pregnancy. PMID- 3912424 TI - Acute infectious diarrheal disease in children. AB - The management of acute diarrheal disease in children must consider potential etiologic agents and their common presentation. The workup and assessment should be tailored to the clinical condition of the patient and the most likely pathogen. Management must primarily focus on fluid therapy and dietary manipulation. Antibiotics have a very restricted role as do antidiarrheal agents. PMID- 3912425 TI - Near-drowning. AB - Near-drowning is defined as survival for at least some period of time after suffocation from submersion in a liquid. This article is a comprehensive review of the demography, pathophysiology, treatment, and prevention of near-drowning, an accident that affects approximately 6,000 to 7,000 Americans per year. Forty percent of these victims are children younger than 5 years. Alcohol plays a role in approximately one-half of near-drownings of older victims. Major factors prolonging survival are an age of less than 2 years and immersion in cold water (less than 20 degrees C). Hypoxia and acidosis are the primary physiological derangements, and treatment must be directed toward their correction. The hypothermic patient requires special considerations. The role of aggressive cerebral resuscitation has not been elucidated. Prevention of the circumstances that lead to near-drowning must be stressed as a public service. PMID- 3912426 TI - Calcium and its role in cardiac arrest: understanding the controversy. AB - Calcium ions play a critical role in excitation-contraction coupling in the myocardial cell, leading to enhanced automaticity and contractility. For these reasons the American Heart Association and the National Academy of Science National Research Council has advocated its use in cardiac arrest due to asystole and electromechanical dissociation (EMD). However, increasing evidence suggests that calcium has been of little benefit in cardiac arrest not only because of the poor salvage rates (0%-8%) of victims in asystole or EMD and the dangerously high serum calcium levels following standard calcium administration, but also because of the cellular accumulation of calcium within the myocardium that occurs during cardiac arrest. In fact, some authors advocate the use of calcium channel blockers in protecting myocardial tissue during anoxia. Therefore the usefulness of calcium in asystole and EMD is highly suspect and must be reevaluated. PMID- 3912427 TI - Primary aortoduodenal fistula presenting as an upper gastrointestinal bleed. AB - A case of primary aortoduodenal fistula, which presented as an upper gastrointestinal bleed, is described, including a brief review of the literature. Since 1952, with the advent of homograft replacement, there has been a significant decrease in the number of reported cases of aortoenteric fistulas of the primary type. PMID- 3912428 TI - John Cheyne and William Stokes: periodic respiration. PMID- 3912429 TI - Abscess incision and drainage in the emergency department (Part 2). PMID- 3912430 TI - Breaking the mirror: the construction of lesbianism and the anthropological discourse on homosexuality. AB - This essay reviews the anthropological discourse on homosexuality by examining the assumptions that have been used by anthropologists to explain homosexual behavior, and by identifying current theoretical approaches. The essay questions the emphasis on male homosexual behavior as the basis for theoretical analysis, and points to the importance of including female homosexual behavior in the study of homosexuality. Cross-cultural data on lesbian behavior are presented and the influence of gender divisions and social stratification on the development of patterns of lesbian behavior are broadly explored. The article outlines suggestions for examining the cultural context of lesbian behavior as well as the constrains exerted on women's sexual behavior in various cultures. PMID- 3912431 TI - Escherichia coli--an overview. PMID- 3912434 TI - Investigation of the effectiveness of measles vaccination in children in Kenya. AB - Laboratory studies were performed on 128 children clinically diagnosed as measles when seen at the Infectious Diseases Hospital, Kenyatta National Hospital (IDH), Nairobi (86 cases) and the Rural Health Training Centre, Maragua, Central Province (42 cases) between 9 July and 31 August 1984. A concurrent measles infection was confirmed in 95% of the children seen at IDH and in 85% of those seen at Maragua, with similar proportions of confirmations in children who had, and who had not, received measles vaccine. No differences in the number of sero conversions nor in the absolute levels of acute or convalescent HI antibody titres could be detected between vaccinated and unvaccinated children. Analysis of the cases seen at Maragua indicates that about two thirds of the children who had received vaccine were protected. A pilot study of vaccinating children at 8 months and again at 12-13 months is suggested in an attempt to eradicate measles. PMID- 3912435 TI - Long-term passive enhancement of allogeneic skin grafts with monoclonal antibodies. AB - Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to graft-specific class I or class II major histocompatibility antigens were tested for their ability to enhance the survival of allogeneic skin transplants. Mutant mouse strains were grafted with wild type tissue to restrict the antigenic differences being recognized. For allogeneic recognition of the class I antigen Ld, mutant BALB/c-H-2dm2 (dm2) mice were grafted with wild type BALB/cKh skin, and two dm2 anti-BALB/cKh mAb, 23-10-1 and 30-5-7, were tested for their ability to enhance. The anti-Ld antibody 23-10-1 (IgM) was found not to enhance the survival of BALB/c skin on dm2 mice. 30-5-7, however, an IgG2a antibody of indistinguishable specificity from 23-10-1, prolonged graft survival for approximately 5 days. For recognition of selected Iab determinants, mutant B6.C-H-2bm12 (bm12) mice were grafted with wild type B6/Kh skin, and mAb specific for the serological change(s) in bm12 were tested for their ability to enhance. The anti-Iab antibody 25-9-17 (IgG2a) was found not to enhance B6 grafts on bm12 mice. However, the enhancement seen with 25-9-17 using (C3H X bm12)F1 recipients was extraordinary, such that treated mice had a mean survival time three times that of the controls. Since 25-9-17 is of C3H origin, these results suggest that allotype (or possibly idiotype) compatibility is important in antibody enhancement. Another anti-Iab antibody 28-16-8 (IgM), also of C3H origin, failed to enhance a B6 graft on (C3H X bm 12)F1 mice.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3912436 TI - Immunization of rats against Trypanosoma lewisi infection. PMID- 3912433 TI - Aspects of colibacillosis in farm animals. PMID- 3912432 TI - Escherichia coli diarrhoea. PMID- 3912437 TI - A preliminary survey of bancroftian filariasis among soldiers in Mansoura, Egypt. PMID- 3912440 TI - [Usefulness of a rigid support system for partial dentures]. PMID- 3912439 TI - [Changes in prostacyclin and thromboxane A2 in coronary circulation, and their relation to coronary hemodynamics during reperfusion after global ischemia in canine hearts]. PMID- 3912438 TI - [Statistical analysis of carbohydrate and fatty acid metabolism at the end of extracorporeal circulation by computer graphic analysis]. PMID- 3912441 TI - [Management of the last tooth]. PMID- 3912442 TI - [Bioceramics in prosthodontics]. PMID- 3912443 TI - [Denture care at home]. PMID- 3912444 TI - Ocularpneumoplethysmography (OPG-Gee) and oculoplethysmography (OPG-Kartchner). Review and perspectives. AB - A review is given of 95 publications on OPG-Gee and OPG-Kartchner in order to compare both techniques and to determine the present value and perspectives. Both techniques are valuable in the evaluation of the hemodynamic significance of carotid lesions, but OPG-G has a better sensitivity than OPG-K. Specificities are comparable. OPG has delivered new knowledge on the natural history of carotid disease, pre- as well as postoperatively and is helpful in recognizing stroke prone patients. It provides in a simple way useful physiologic information. PMID- 3912445 TI - Lower limb systolic pressure measurements: technique and clinical applications. PMID- 3912446 TI - The noninvasive laboratory: history and future of thermography. AB - A brief history of thermography and recent developments in instrumentation have been reviewed. Important applications are related to thrombophlebitis, the cerebral circulation, peripheral arterial abnormalities and medical-legal situations. PMID- 3912448 TI - [A combined case of acromegaly and Basedow's disease]. PMID- 3912447 TI - Doppler spectrum analysis and vascular imaging in the diagnosis of extracranial carotid artery disease. AB - Ultrasound methods are well suited for the exploration of the carotid system. High resolution echography can visualize atheromatous defects on the vessels walls with a resolution better than one mm, whereas Doppler examination detects haemodynamic disturbances due to these plaques. Conventional Doppler examination can reveal moderate or severe stenosis (greater than 60%); the recent development of frequency analysis of the Doppler audio signal makes now possible the detection of very light haemodynamic disturbances due to low grade stenosis even as small as 15%. Spectral distribution abnormalities have been classified in four grades according to their amplitude. The combination of the morphological and functional data provided by echography and Doppler spectrum analysis has drastically increased the diagnostic possibilities of the ultrasound methods in the field of the extracranial vascular pathology. With a new duplex system which combines echography and C.W. Doppler examination (duplex probe) it is possible to detect, and quantify carotid stenosis (in percentage of the lumen reduction), and to evaluate blood flow volume in ml/mn. PMID- 3912449 TI - Ultrasonic detection of a cumulus oophorus in patients undergoing in vitro fertilization. AB - Ultrasonic studies for the detection of a cumulus oophorus were carried out in 57 women taking part in an in vitro fertilization (IVF) program. When intrafollicular echoes were dissociated, clearly prominent from the follicular wall, they were considered to be a sure cumulus mass, and when they were only slightly prominent, they were suspected to be a nondissociated cumulus. All patients had at least one ultrasonically visible cumulus. A cumulus was seen in 50% of the follicles and 70% of them were dissociated. Cumuluses were also seen in follicles less than 18 mm in diameter but a significantly higher number of them were not clearly dissociated. The number of observed dissociated cumuluses correlated significantly with the number of recovered mature oocytes. However, in 18 patients there were more mature oocytes retrieved than cumuluses identified by ultrasound. When a cumulus mass is seen, it can be taken as evidence of a sign of maturity of that particular follicle and oocyte. However, mature oocytes are also found where no cumulus was seen by ultrasound. Lack of visible cumulus has little significance in predicting the maturity of the oocyte. PMID- 3912450 TI - Prospective payment system. Preclusion of review of hospital base year cost calculations. PMID- 3912451 TI - [Exploration of the cervical arteries within the framework of an angiology service. Our experience using Doppler spectral analysis]. AB - Diagnosis and quantification of severity of carotid lesions were assessed by different procedures. Oculoplethysmography was of value only in cases of significant occlusive lesions. Ultrasound methods possessed enhanced sensitivity: Doppler velocimetry, ultrasound imaging and particularly spectral analysis of the Doppler signal. Efficacy of this exploratory method was assessed in a department of angiology, spectral analysis being rated as 5 different grades as a function of degree of arterial stenosis (fig. 1). It was routinely combined with Doppler velocimetry and ultrasound imaging in 35 patients, a total of 64 carotid bifurcations being analyzed. Digital subtraction venous angiography was performed in 28 of these cases. Study of the reading effect on interpretation of the spectral analysis showed 37 agreements and 27 divergences; among the latter the definition of normality in relation to grades I or II appears to be responsible. Greater significance was noted for the reading effect in cases explored by Doppler velocimetry and ultrasonography. Positive findings were obtained with spectral analysis in 41 of 64 patients, either by detection of non-significant lesions or by precise quantification of stenotic lesions. Results of digital subtraction angiography were debatable in 8 of 28 patients and were unconfirmed on ultrasound imaging. Spectral analysis of the Doppler signal has therefore an advantage over Doppler velocimetry and ultrasonography in that more precise data is obtained on stenotic lesions and that those of little significance are detected. It supplies an effective means of diagnosis and surveillance and it establishes the need for angiography. Lack of sensitivity and reproducibility of ultrasound and digital subtraction venous angiography raises the problem of an effective reference test.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3912452 TI - Evaluating RECONSIDER. A computer program for diagnostic prompting. AB - RECONSIDER, a computer program designed to perform as a diagnostic prompting aid, was evaluated for its ability to include the correct diagnosis in an ordered computed list of candidate diseases. The study was performed using 100 consecutive first admissions to the medical service of a university hospital, where the individuals entering the data into the program were blind to all but a limited set of findings known at time of admission. Each person entering the data created one or more lists of diagnostic possibilities (versions) using the program. The program suggested the correct diagnosis within the first 40 on its list 61% (498/797) of the time; the correct diagnosis was present with the first 40 in at least one version 93% (98/105) of the time. Performance was found to be best with cases having a single diagnosis and when more terms were entered into the program. PMID- 3912453 TI - Diagnostic library support system for medical practice. AB - Here is a tragic case where the diagnosis was missed on three separate occasions over a 19-month period. Both terminal conditions are treatable and potentially separable if discovered and aggressively managed. It is not the intent of this presentation to criticize the evaluation of this patient, but rather to point out the need and, also, the potential benefits of an alternate approach, which could have significantly changed the course of this particular patient's evaluation. We have conducted similar analyses with other CPC cases with almost equivalent specificity. These same evaluations have been performed in a real clinical setting with live patient data. What we have learned so far we think will be extremely helpful in extending the potential application of this technology: A text-based decision support tool is only as good as its practitioner. It takes practice and training to learn to use this system effectively. There are many traps in logic, and the use of words and terms within the text must be understood to effectively utilize this tool. There are shortcuts in logical analysis which we mentally use all the time but which cannot be accepted using this system (e.g., you must not rely on your memory or any specific associations to circumvent the system). The system will only become clinically relevant when the entire field of medicine is included in the data base. This is one of our current limitations with only two-thirds of the Merck medical text available for reference. This makes it difficult to apply to a general medical problem since we are not sure which direction the case might take, and often these are multisystem diseases or problems that put us at a severe disadvantage if we don't have the necessary data base. The structure and integrity of the data base are critical to the success of the system. Since numbers are ubiquitous, these cannot be used for key word elements. Techniques must be introduced to create word-oriented numbers that can be uniquely identified (e.g., "AGE14-20"). The publisher of the data must supply a continuous flow of up-to-date material that can be incorporated within the framework of the working system. It is possible to train medical technicians to use the system if they are familiar with medical terminology. The speed and, perhaps, the precision of their analysis could not be expected to rival that of a medical specialist.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3912454 TI - Possibility of a morphological approach to the association process of small and large subunits of ribosomes. PMID- 3912456 TI - Endodontic access of Cerestore crowns. PMID- 3912455 TI - Sealing ability of chelate root filling cements: Brinell hardness, cement/dentin adhesive force, summary data table. Part 5. PMID- 3912457 TI - Participation of two different mesenchymes in the developing mouse mammary gland: synthesis of basement membrane components by fat pad precursor cells. AB - Two different types of mesenchyme, fat pad precursor cells (FP) and fibroblastic cells (MM) are involved in the morphogenesis of mammary gland epithelium of mouse embryo. Especially, an interaction between FP and the epithelium is necessary for its characteristic shaping of ductal branching structure. To assess the relative participations of the mesenchymes, we have analysed the extracellular matrix products by immunofluorescent staining method using antibodies to laminin, proteoheparan sulphate, and fibronectin. The staining patterns suggested that, after the 16th day of gestation when fatty substances first appeared in FP and the epithelial rudiments started to elongate and branch rapidly, FP initiated synthesis of laminin and proteoheparan sulphate, while MM synthesized fibronectin at all times. Attention was also paid to differences in the epithelial basement membranes (BM) concomitant with ones in the mesenchyme. BM were always stained with antibodies to laminin and proteoheparan sulphate. However, topographical differences in thickness were observed: the one facing FP, often seen at the tip region of the end bud, was thin, while the other surrounded by MM, often at the flank region of the duct, was thick. Specific elaboration of BM-like extracellular matrix products by FP may attribute to observed differences in BM thickness which are related to the characteristic shaping of the mammary gland. PMID- 3912458 TI - Mesoderm induction in Xenopus laevis: a quantitative study using a cell lineage label and tissue-specific antibodies. AB - We have compared the development of the animal pole (AP) region of early Xenopus embryos in normal development, in isolation, and in combination with explants of tissue from the vegetal pole (VP) region. For the grafts and the combinations the animal pole tissue was lineage labelled with FLDx in order to ascertain the provenance of the structures formed. The normal fate of the AP region was determined by orthotopic grafts at stages 7 1/2 (early blastula), 8 (mid blastula) and 10 (early gastrula). At later stages most of the labelled cells were found in ectodermal tissues such as epidermis, head mesenchyme and neural tube (the last from stages 7 1/2 and 8 only). However, in stage-7 1/2 and stage-8 grafts some of the labelled cells were also found in the myotomes and lateral mesoderm. In isolated explants the AP region of all three stages differentiated only as epidermis assessed both histologically and by immunofluorescence using an antibody to epidermal keratin. The fate of labelled cells in AP-VP combinations was quite different and confirms the reality of mesoderm induction. In combinations made at stages 7 1/2 and 8 the proportion of AP-derived mesoderm is substantially greater than the proportion of labelled mesoderm in the equivalent fate mapping experiments. This shows that the formation of mesoderm in such combinations is the result of an instructive rather than a permissive interaction. The formation of mesodermal tissues in stage-7 1/2 combinations was confirmed by using a panel of antibodies which react with particular tissues in normal tailbud-stage embryos: anti-keratan sulphate for the notochord, anti myosin for the muscle and anti-keratin for epidermis and notochord. Combinations made at stage 10 gave no positive cases and reciprocal heterochronic combinations between stages 7 1/2 and 10 showed that this is the result of a loss of competence by the stage-10 AP tissue. Whereas stage-7 1/2 AP tissue combined with stage-10 VP tissue gave many positive cases, the reciprocal experiment gave only a few. We have also tested the regional specificity of the induction. Stage-7 1/2 vegetal pole explants were divided into dorsal and ventral regions and then combined, separately, with stage-7 1/2 animal poles. The dorsovegetal tissue induces 'dorsal-type' mesoderm (notochord and large muscle masses) while ventrovegetal tissue induces 'ventral-type' mesoderm (blood, mesothelium and a little muscle). We conclude that mesoderm formation in combinations is an instructive event and propose a double gradient model to explain the complex character of the response. PMID- 3912459 TI - Monoclonal antibodies to the cells of a regenerating limb. AB - Monoclonal antibodies were raised against differentiated cells, and blastemal cells from regenerating limbs of adult newts (Notophthalmus viridescens) and screened for specific staining by immunocytochemistry. In addition to antibodies that identify muscle, Schwann cells and cartilage, two reagents were specific for subpopulations of blastemal cells. One of these latter antibodies, termed 22/18, has provided new evidence about the origin of blastemal cells from Schwann cells and myofibres, and also identifies blastemal cells whose division is persistently dependent on the nerve supply. PMID- 3912460 TI - Characterization of certain proteinase isoenzymes produced by benign and virulent strains of Bacteroides nodosus. AB - Three proteinase isoenzymes from one benign strain of Bacteroides nodosus and five proteinase isoenzymes from each of two virulent strains of B. nodosus were purified by horizontal slab polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The purified isoenzymes hydrolysed casein, collagen I, collagen III, elastin, alpha-elastin, fibrinogen, gelatin, haemoglobin and alpha-keratin. The pH optima of all the isoenzymes lay between 7.25 and 9.5, the range of 8.75-9.25 being common to all. The isoenzymes were inhibited by phenylmethylsulphonyl fluoride, diphenylcarbamyl chloride, L-(1-tosylamide-2-phenyl)ethyl chloromethyl ketone, EGTA and EDTA, indicating that they were chymotrypsin-like serine proteinases that require a metal ion for stability or activity. EDTA inhibition was not reversed by addition of Ca2+ or Mg2+. Some isoenzymes were activated by Mg2+, Ca2+, Cr3+ and Se4+ and all were inhibited by Fe2+, Co2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Cd2+ and Hg2+. Isoenzymes from benign strains had a lower temperature stability, losing all activity at 55 degrees C, whereas those from virulent strains lost all activity at 60 degrees C. PMID- 3912461 TI - Purification and characterization of the secondary alcohol dehydrogenase from propane-utilizing Mycobacterium vaccae strain JOB-5. AB - Mycobacterium vaccae strain JOB-5 cultured in the presence of propane contained an inducible secondary alcohol dehydrogenase. The enzyme was purified 198-fold using DEAE-cellulose, omega-aminopentyl agarose and NAD-agarose chromatography. The Mr of the enzyme was approximately 136000, with subunits of Mr 37000. The pH optimum for the reaction oxidizing propan-2-ol to propanone was 10-10.5 while the optimum for the reverse reaction was 7.5-8.5. The isoelectric point was 4.9. NAD but not NADP could serve as electron acceptor. The apparent Km values for propan 2-ol and NAD were 4.9 X 10(-5)M and 2.8 X 10(-4)M, respectively. The enzyme was inhibited by thiol reagents and metal chelators. It appears to play an essential role in the metabolism of propane by this bacterium. PMID- 3912462 TI - Mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae partially defective in the last steps of the haem biosynthetic pathway: isolation and genetical characterization. AB - A novel method for the isolation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants partially defective in haem synthesis is described. Mutant clones were identified by their fluorescence under UV light due to the accumulation of porphyrins in cells, and by their ability to grow on nonfermentable carbon sources due to their preserved haemoprotein synthesis. Thirteen such mutants were obtained by this procedure. The defects in haem synthesis and accumulation of porphyrins in all the mutants were confirmed by spectrophotometric analysis. Complementation tests with biochemically defined, haem-less strains showed that in seven mutants uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase was affected and that in three mutants the defect concerned ferrochelatase. The defects in the remaining three mutants were not defined. PMID- 3912463 TI - F41 antigen as a virulence factor in the infant mouse model of Escherichia coli diarrhoea. AB - The properties responsible for the virulence in infant mice of the bovine enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strain B41 were investigated. A B41K99- variant previously found to be nearly as virulent as the original strain B41 (B41K99+) possessed F41 antigen and haemagglutinating properties. Two variants that did not haemagglutinate sheep and human erythrocytes were isolated from strain B41K99-. These variants simultaneously lost their ability to agglutinate with F41 antiserum and their haemagglutinating properties. They still produced heat-stable enterotoxin. The first B41K99-F41- variant was much less virulent than strains B41K99+ and B41K99-, the second was not virulent at all. F41 properties were not acquired by other E. coli strains by plasmid transfers. Non-haemagglutinating variants could not be obtained from the original strain B41K99+. However, a B41K99+F41- strain was obtained by a four-step procedure: (i) spontaneous loss of the K99 plasmid, (ii) obtaining a nalidixic acid-resistant mutant, (iii) obtaining a non-haemagglutinating F41- variant, (iv) reacquisition of the K99 plasmid. This B41NalrK99+F41- strain, although producing heat-stable toxin, was not at all virulent, whereas reacquisition of the K99 plasmid by the strain B41NalrF41+ restored virulence. These results show that F41 antigen is an important virulence factor of strain B41 in the infant mouse model. PMID- 3912464 TI - Detection of tellurite-resistance determinants in IncP plasmids. AB - Six IncP plasmids were tested for their ability to generate tellurite-resistant variants by plating bacterial strains harbouring them on medium containing potassium tellurite. Four plasmids, three of subgroup IncP alpha and one not allocated, formed variants that could transfer tellurite-resistance at the same frequency as plasmid-determined drug resistance. This property was not shared by two examples of subgroup IncP beta. PMID- 3912465 TI - Imaging technics in muscular dystrophies. AB - Modern medical imaging technics as ultrasound and computerized tomographies with X-rays, nuclear magnetic resonance or ultrasound permit the representation of soft tissues including muscles. For muscular dystrophies, these diagnostic methods may allow a more detailed staging and evaluation of single muscle groups. The value for Duchenne carrier detection has meanwhile been proven. PMID- 3912466 TI - [Prenatal diagnosis of limb and digital abnormalities. Evaluation of the activity of the Port Royal University Clinic from 1979 to 1983. Apropos of 30 cases]. AB - Since 1979, thanks to high level ultrasonography systematic ultrasonic examinations between the 18th and the 22nd week of pregnancy have permitted to prediagnose limb and extremity abnormalities. Embryoscopy and foetoscopy can be used as additional techniques. This paper reports the activity results of the Port Royal Maternity hospital, between 1979 and 1983. In this hospital's Prenatal diagnosis Center, ultrasonographists, obstetricians, geneticists, surgeons, pediatricians and foetopathologists work together fruitfully. 16 limb abnormalities and 14 extremity abnormalities were detected there. We describe the circumstances of their detection, the diagnostic methods used, and the obstetrical attitude chosen. PMID- 3912467 TI - [Trisomy 18 and prune belly syndrome]. AB - Ultrasonic examination in a thirty five years old woman about to undergo midtrimester amniocentesis suggested an intra abdominal fetal mass. The mass was a grossly distended urinary bladder. The pregnancy was terminated at 20 weeks. Necropsy was confirmative for a prune-belly syndrome. Chromosomal analysis demonstrated a 47 XY + 18 karyotype. PMID- 3912468 TI - J. Weldon Bellville, MD. August 7, 1926-December 15, 1983. PMID- 3912469 TI - Public health dentistry in New Jersey--a perspective. PMID- 3912470 TI - Exploration of supra-aortic vessels by digital subtraction angiography. PMID- 3912471 TI - Carotid stump syndrome. One case investigated by per-operative ultrasonography. PMID- 3912472 TI - Ultrasonographic appearance of the mega cisterna magna in the newborn. AB - The mega cisterna magna is a congenital developmental malformation which in the majority of instances is symptomless and does not require further study or surgical treatment. However, differential diagnosis with other cerebellar diseases is often necessary especially in newborn infants. Ultrasonographic recognition of the mega cisterna magna in a newborn infant is reported. The reported case demonstrates the usefulness of the ultrasonographic technique in the study of the posterior cranial fossa abnormalities of newborn infants. PMID- 3912473 TI - Response in anger: Florence Nightingale on the importance of training for nurses. PMID- 3912474 TI - The United States Air Force Nurse Corps documents its history. PMID- 3912476 TI - Nursing education in Poland, 1918-1928: a cooperative venture of Polish and American nurses. PMID- 3912475 TI - Setting the record straight: a recount of late nineteenth-century training schools. PMID- 3912477 TI - Raising a million dollars: Katharine Densford Dreves and the American Nurses' Foundation. PMID- 3912478 TI - A tribute to Anne L. Austin, a great nurse historian. PMID- 3912479 TI - Presidential address. The American Society of Parasitologists: its historic role and modern opportunities. PMID- 3912480 TI - Presentation of the Henry Baldwin Ward Medal 1985. PMID- 3912481 TI - Henry Baldwin Ward Medal acceptance speech. PMID- 3912482 TI - Phylogenetics and the future of helminth systematics. AB - Phylogenetic systematics is a relatively new formal technique that increases the precision with which one can make direct estimates of the history of phylogenetic descent. These estimates are made in the form of phylogenetic trees, or cladograms. Cladograms may be converted directly into classifications or they may be used to test various hypotheses about the evolutionary process. More than 20 phylogenetic analyses of helminth groups have been published already, and these have been used to investigate evolutionary questions in developmental biology, biogeography, speciation, coevolution, and evolutionary ecology. PMID- 3912483 TI - Infectivity of two strains of Plasmodium vivax to Anopheles albitarsis mosquitoes from Colombia. AB - Anopheles albitarsis obtained from Villavicencio, Colombia, were colonized in the laboratory using force-mating techniques. Laboratory reared mosquitoes were allowed to feed on Aotus monkeys infected with the Salvador II or the Rio Meta strains of Plasmodium vivax from El Salvador and Colombia, respectively. In comparison with other species, the An. albitarsis were less susceptible than Anopheles freeborni, Anopheles culicifacies and strains of Anopheles albimanus from El Salvador, Panama and Colombia and more susceptible than a strain of An. albimanus from Haiti. PMID- 3912484 TI - Maximizing split-half reliability estimates for projective techniques. AB - Hand Test data from comparable sets of clinical samples were analyzed for reliability using the usual odd-even split and then also calculating all possible (126) split-half combinations. Maximum stable reliabilities were obtained which were substantially superior to the odd-even method. It was concluded that projective tests are probably more internally reliable than has heretofore been reported. PMID- 3912485 TI - The Collaborative Drawing Technique. AB - In recent years more and more attention has been focused on the family as the unit of treatment. With this expanded focus, innovations in projective testing are desired to provide information that is meaningful for the treatment process. The Collaborative Drawing Technique represents an effort to meet this need through a projective device which yields information about the functioning of the individual within the context of his family. The CDT was designed to be easily and quickly administered with a minimum of required materials and still give information which can guide the treatment process. To date, the technique has been used primarily as a part of an initial diagnostic interview with families presenting for therapeutic treatment. Research and development are obviously needed in the instrument and several efforts are underway at present. PMID- 3912486 TI - Festschrift. Walter G. Klopfer 1923-1985. PMID- 3912487 TI - Evaluation of the Bolie model describing blood glucose response for the application to continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion. AB - In an attempt to develop an appropriate infusion program in a continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion system, a conventional pharmacodynamic model (the Bolie model) for describing the relationship between blood glucose and serum insulin levels was evaluated, using a depancreatized dog preparation. The Bolie model was found useful in estimating the basal insulin infusion rate. However, the model could not predict the serum insulin concentration-time profile required to maintain the postprandial blood glucose levels within a physiological range. It will be necessary to develop a more appropriate model for determining the prandial subcutaneous insulin infusion rates in the continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion system. PMID- 3912488 TI - The development of a nonlinear model to describe the blood glucose response for the determination of prandial insulin infusion. AB - We studied the relationship between the rate of intravenous glucose infusion and the blood glucose concentration at two different physiological levels of hyperinsulinemia in a depancreatized dog. The same degree of changes in the glucose infusion rate generated progressively larger increments in the blood glucose concentration. We then developed a Michaelis-Menten type kinetic model which could appropriately describe this nonlinear relationship of blood glucose response under the condition of hyperinsulinemia. In order to determine the prandial insulin infusion program, we used more simplified equations based on a nonlinear model. The simplified equations were demonstrated to be applicable for estimating the prandial subcutaneous insulin infusion program in the continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion system. PMID- 3912490 TI - [Development of antitumor platinum complexes]. PMID- 3912489 TI - Protective effect of acidic mannan fraction of bakers' yeast against Staphylococcus aureus infection in mice. AB - Protective activity of an acidic fraction of bakers' yeast mannan containing protein and phosphorus, designated as WAM025, against infection of Staphylococcus aureus beta H 248 strain in mice was investigated. WAM025 elicited a marked increase in the survival ratio of mice challenged with viable cells of the S. aureus strain, 5 X 10(8) cells per mouse, when the fraction was administered to mice 150 mg/kg/d, 5 times, intraperitoneally. This effect was stronger than that of WNM, a neutral fraction of mannan obtained from the same bakers' yeast. The difference seemed to correlate with the strength of activating effects of WAM025 and WNM on the reticuloendotherial system of the host animal. WAM025 induced higher activities of serum lysozyme and carbon clearance in mice than WNM. Also, mice treated with WAM025 showed a greater increase in number and activity of oxygen-generating blood polymorphonuclear leucocytes than mice treated with WNM. PMID- 3912491 TI - [Molecular behaviour of medicinals in pharmaceutical preparations]. PMID- 3912492 TI - [Induction of cytotoxic activity in sera by immunomodulators]. PMID- 3912493 TI - [Bioassay for the detection of hydroxamate-iron-chelators (Aerobactin)]. AB - Different Salmonella strains were tested for aerobactin production in a hydroxamate-bioassay with the aerobactin indicator strain E. coli LG 1522. The majority of hospital strains of Salmonella typhimurium produce hydroxamate siderophore. On the other hand S. typhimurium strains belonging to phage type n. c. 1/72/n. c., biochemical type b from human and animal sources, were unable to produce this siderophore. Serotypes other than S. typhimurium for example the multiresistent S. wien hospital strains, which were isolated in western europe and in the GDR, can excreate hydroxamate siderophore. Plasmids pIE 528 and pIE 5 234 isolated from Salmonella hospital strains produce hydroxamate siderophore in the enterobactin negative Salmonella typhimurium-strain enb-7. Thus, the hydroxamate bioassay may be a useful supplementary test for epidemiological strain characterization. PMID- 3912494 TI - [Electrical, biomechanical and thermal changes during physiological nervous system activities]. PMID- 3912495 TI - [Role of radiography in the diagnosis of battered children]. AB - Radiological imaging plays an important role in diagnosis of the child abuse syndrome. The radiologist must identify specific foci of injury and document that such injuries are the result of abuse. The capacity to identify abuse-related injuries (sensitivity) has been greatly enhanced by technological advances in radiological imaging including radionuclide scintigraphy (skeletal injury); cranial computed tomography (craniocerebral injuries); and body computed tomography/ultrasonography (abdominal injury). This increased sensitivity has resulted in a greater appreciation of the magnitude of abuse related injuries. Specificity, differentiation between accidental and non-accidental injuries, depends on knowledge of the radiologic characteristics and pattern of abuse related trauma. Specific injuries must be viewed in light of known pathologic response of anatomic structures to mechanical forces, and determination of the chronology of trauma. PMID- 3912496 TI - [Value of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of cirrhoses. Prospective study of 128 patients]. AB - This prospective study was carried out in order to assess the accuracy of ultrasound in the diagnosis of cirrhosis. One hundred and twenty eight alcoholic patients were included. A careful ultrasonographic examination of the liver was performed before liver biopsy (100 patients). In 15 cases, liver histology was normal, steatosis and/or fibrosis, cirrhosis were diagnosed in 13 and 72 cases respectively. Ultrasonic patterns were classified by the same examiner, according to several criteria: volume, irregular outline, coarse and fine bright echo pattern, attenuation of the ultrasound beam, splenomegaly, ascite, portal hypertension. Cirrhosis was diagnosed in 58 out of 72 patients (80.5%). Specificity was 78.5%, positive and negative predictive values were 90.6% and 61% respectively, and global efficacy was 80%. Irregular outline (0.66), hepatomegaly (0.66) and attenuation of the ultrasound beam (0.64) were the best signs. In case of fine bright echo pattern, the diagnosis of cirrhosis would be missed. The results suggest that ultrasonography is a good test for screening alcoholics for cirrhosis. Therefore, it is useful when liver biopsy is contra indicated or refused or when liver is not detected at the clinical examination. PMID- 3912497 TI - [Combined analysis by echography and biology in bile duct dilatation. Value in etiologic diagnosis]. AB - Fifty-five consecutive case-reports of patients with evidence of confirmed biliary tract dilatation on ultrasound imaging were reviewed retrospectively to assess value of combined indirect ultrasound signs and simple biologic data in determining etiologic diagnosis. The diagnostic value of certain groups of signs representing indicators of tumoral or nontumoral lesions was equal or superior to that of direct visualization of the occlusion. PMID- 3912498 TI - [Renal oncocytoma. Contribution of echography and computed tomography to the preoperative diagnosis. Apropos of a case]. AB - In a case of renal oncocytoma studied by new imaging procedures mainly sonography and CT, the authors after a complete literature review propose an accurate approach to the pre-operative diagnosis which would lead in the future to a more conservative surgery in such neoplasms. PMID- 3912499 TI - [Viability of human cancer cells in culture after exposure to diagnostic ultrasound]. AB - Reports have appeared in the literature regarding biological damage to human cells following exposure to diagnostic ultrasound. We have examined the effects of diagnostic ultrasound (Sonel 400, C.G.R.) on human cell lines established in our laboratory. We report here that exposure to diagnostic ultrasound, at maximum exposure intensity and at exposure time as long as 60 minutes, produces no cell lysis as determined by vital dye exclusion ability, and as confirmed by electron microscopy. However, the exposure to ultrasound produced by an apparatus delivering an acoustic power higher than the diagnostic levels (Sonoscope Alcatel) can cause the complete lysis of the same cells. PMID- 3912500 TI - James Mackenzie lecture 1985. Oasis or beachhead. PMID- 3912501 TI - Pinch grafting for chronic venous leg ulcers in general practice. AB - Twenty-five patients with chronic venous leg ulcers were treated in general practice by pinch grafting. Fifteen of the ulcers (60%) were completely healed one year after grafting. Prior to grafting 19 patients (76%) complained of daily pain in the ulcer. These patients experienced complete relief from pain after grafting. Pinch grafting is a simple, safe and effective therapy when applied in a domiciliary environment. PMID- 3912502 TI - Limitations of a histologic assay for syn-, allo-, and xenogeneic H-Y antigen. AB - In view of the potential significance of the H-Y antigen in the etiology of cases of sexual ambiguity we have attempted to develop a clinically useful test for the presence of H-Y on the cells of such patients. The attempts were directed at the detection of accelerated or decelerated rejection of syngeneic skin grafts on H-Y incompatible mice previously exposed to H-Y positive syngeneic, allogeneic, or xenogeneic cells. Using a simple and rapid histologic assay after exposure to syn or allogeneic cells, acceleration (sensitization) as well as deceleration (tolerance) was readily demonstrable. However, the assay was not helpful with the use of xenogeneic (rabbit, human) cells. PMID- 3912503 TI - Immunohistological and biochemical evidence for a role for hyaluronic acid in the growth and development of the placenta. AB - A monoclonal antibody, designated NDOG1, has been used to stain a series of human and monkey placentae as well as several adult human tissues using immunoperoxidase techniques. In early placentae, NDOG1 was found to stain extracellular material associated with proliferating, extravillous cytotrophoblast cell columns and with the cytotrophoblast shell at the feto maternal junction. The immunohistology suggests that NDOG1 antigen may be secreted by the anchoring cytotrophoblast into the immediately adjacent maternal tissues. NDOG1 antibody also shows extracellular staining in the stroma of early human placentae and reacted with the apical villous syncytiotrophoblast plasma membrane throughout pregnancy. Biochemical experiments demonstrated that extracts of this latter membrane contained NDOG1 antigenic activity which was susceptible to digestion with bovine testicular hyaluronidase. Hyaluronic acid was the only glycosaminoglycan found in this membrane, thereby implying a reaction between NDOG1 antibody and hyaluronic acid. Whilst no such direct interaction could be demonstrated in vitro, NDOG1 was shown to compete with two other antibodies which themselves demonstrated specificity for hyaluronic acid. The proposed identity between the NDOG1 antigen and hyaluronic acid is discussed particularly in terms of placentation where the distribution of NDOG1 staining may confirm the role of hyaluronic acid in providing an open matrix structure during stages of cell proliferation, migration and invasion. PMID- 3912504 TI - Active anti-paternal immunization does not affect the success of marsupial pregnancy. AB - Active anti-paternal immunization does not compromise pregnancy in eutherian mammals. However, in an earlier study in a marsupial, grafting with paternal skin appeared to have resulted in transient infertility. In the present study, by critically monitoring the breeding efficiency of tammar wallabies sensitized against their mate's transplantation antigens, we aimed to resolve the question of immunologically mediated infertility in marsupials. Eight experimental females received two full-thickness skin grafts from their prospective mate and eight controls grafts of their own skin. The experimental group were monitored for 30 reproductive cycles and produced 24 pouch young (PY), whereas the control animals produced 28 young from 33 cycles. Five of the 11 apparently non-fertile cycles were judged to be normal pregnancies where the young had failed to reach the pouch (cycle length less than 28 days; rapid plasma progesterone decline coincident with oestrus). True infertility was thus limited and, although occurring mainly in the male-skin grafted group (5 cycles), this was not significantly different (chi 2, P greater than 0.5) from the controls (1 cycle) and represented the effect of one very poor breeder. We conclude that allogeneic pregnancy in marsupials is not compromised by active anti-paternal immunization. Infertility observed here, and in the earlier study, reflected disturbance of breeding owing to handling of the animals or the poor reproductive efficiency of individual animals in small experimental groups. PMID- 3912505 TI - Diagnostic and predictive value of the lupus band test in undifferentiated connective tissue disease. A followup study. AB - The value of the lupus band test (LBT) in predicting outcome of patients with undifferentiated connective tissue disease (CTD) was studied. Thirty-three patients with undifferentiated CTD who had LBT between 1977 and 1982 underwent repeat clinical and serological assessments and LBT at 13 to 59 months followup. Six patients (18%) developed SLE, and 2 (6%) developed rheumatoid arthritis during the followup period. No single, combination, number, or intensity of proteins at the dermal-epidermal junction (DEJ) or epidermal nuclear staining (ENS) could be used to predict which undifferentiated CTD patients would develop SLE at followup. Findings on LBT were not significantly different in patients with undifferentiated CTD versus SLE. PMID- 3912507 TI - Subnormality revisited in early 19th century France. AB - The generally accepted view that there was neglect of the study of mental handicap before the early 19th century is disputed. It is shown that interest in defect appears to have been evinced several centuries before. The later resurgence of interest is traced to demographic, socio-economic and philosophical changes, and therapeutic advance. PMID- 3912506 TI - Complement-fixing antibodies to dsDNA detected by the immunofluorescence technique on Crithidia luciliae. A critical appraisal. AB - Studies using an adapted immunofluorescence technique (IFT) on Crithidia luciliae to determine the complement fixing ability of antibodies to dsDNA in relation to disease manifestations, i.e., nephritis, have yielded conflicting results. To establish the relevance of these determinations, we studied sera containing antibodies to dsDNA from 64 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and found that anti-dsDNA of 52% of these sera had the ability to fix complement. SLE patients with nephritis demonstrated a much higher incidence of complement fixing anti-dsDNA (83%) than patients without nephritis (17%, p less than 0.01). On the other hand, patients with nephritis also had higher titers of anti-dsDNA (mean 1:400) than patients without nephritis (mean titer 1:75; p less than 0.01). A clearcut correlation between anti-dsDNA titer and complement fixing anti-dsDNA titer (p less than 0.01) was observed which obviously disturbs the correlation between nephritis and complement fixing anti-dsDNA. Comparing matched sera from patients with nephritis and patients without nephritis with the same antidsDNA titer, we found no difference in complement fixing anti-dsDNA. In the IFT used to measure complement fixing anti-dsDNA, incubation of the Crithidia slides with patients' serum was followed by an incubation with fresh normal serum which served as a source of complement. We observed that this incubation with fresh normal serum resulted in elution of anti-dsDNA antibodies from kinetoplast DNA. This elution was caused by IgG present in normal serum. PMID- 3912508 TI - Low temperature embedding with Lowicryl resins: two new formulations and some applications. AB - Lowicryl K4M and HM20 are methacrylate/acrylate based low temperature embedding resins for biological material which can be used in conjunction with either the progressive lowering of temperature (PLT) technique or with freeze-substitution. K4M and HM20 are applicable over a very extended temperature range, approximately 220 K to 340 K. With two new resins, K11M and HM23, one can reach even lower temperatures, c. 200 K. Freeze-substitution combined with low temperature embedding allows for very mild or no chemical fixation which seems to increase the sensitivity of immunocytochemical localization of antigens on sections. PMID- 3912509 TI - Electrostatic field of the large fragment of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I. AB - The electrostatic field of the large fragment of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I (Klenow fragment) has been calculated by the finite difference procedure on a 2 A grid. The potential field is substantially negative at physiological pH (reflecting the net negative charge at this pH). The largest regions of positive potential are in the deep crevice of the C-terminal domain, which is the proposed binding site for the DNA substrate. Within the crevice, the electrostatic potential has a partly helical form. If the DNA is positioned to fulfil stereochemical requirements, then the positive potential generally follows the major groove and (to a lesser extent) the negative potential is in the minor groove. Such an arrangement could stabilize DNA configurations related by screw symmetry. The histidine residues of the Klenow fragment give the positive field of the groove a sensitivity to relatively small pH changes around neutrality. We suggest that the histidine residues could change their ionization states in response to DNA binding, and that this effect could contribute to the protein-DNA binding energy. PMID- 3912510 TI - Determination of the cleavage site of the phage T4 prohead protease in gene product 68. Influence of protein secondary structure on cleavage specificity. AB - The cleavage site of the T4 prohead protease in gene product 68 of bacteriophage T4 has been determined by direct protein sequencing. It is located close to the carboxy-terminal end of a predicted alpha-helix in the sequence Asn-Val-Glu-Ala between the Glu and Ala residues. Secondary structure seems to be more important in determining cleavage than the presence of an aliphatic amino acid three residues before the cleavage site that was proposed earlier. In this case, that position is occupied by Asn, a hydrophilic residue. A second potentially cleavable Glu-Ala is found five residues after the cleaved sequence and this is preceded by an Ile at the -3 position. Despite this, the sequences of the amino and carboxyl termini of the uncleaved protein are identical to those previously proposed from an analysis of the DNA sequence of the gene. PMID- 3912511 TI - Why is processing of 23 S ribosomal RNA in Escherichia coli not obligate for its function? AB - In an RNase III-deficient mutant of Escherichia coli, all 23 S ribosomal RNA in ribosomes is present in an unprocessed form with a double-stranded stem at the base of the molecule stable enough to be detected by electron microscopy under conditions where all other secondary structure is denatured. Molecules with variable stem lengths enter freely into polysomes, consistent with the existence of a similar but much shorter stem in mature 23 S rRNA in wild-type ribosomes. PMID- 3912512 TI - Crystallization of 5-enolpyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate synthase from Escherichia coli. AB - Crystals of 5-enolpyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate synthase from Escherichia coli have been grown out of ammonium sulfate by the hanging drop method of vapor diffusion. The crystals belong to the hexagonal space group P6(1)22 or P6(5)22, with a = 124 A and c = 381 A, and diffract to 3.8 A resolution. PMID- 3912513 TI - Structure-function relationship in allosteric aspartate carbamoyltransferase from Escherichia coli. I. Primary structure of a pyrI gene encoding a modified regulatory subunit. AB - In a previous article, we have identified a lambda bacteriophage directing the synthesis of a modified aspartate carbamoyltransferase lacking substrate-co operative interactions and insensitive to the feedback inhibitor CTP. These abnormal properties were ascribed to a mutation in the gene pyrI encoding the regulatory polypeptide chain of the enzyme. We now report the sequence of the mutated pyrI and show that, during the generation of this pyrBI-bearing phage, six codons from lambda DNA have been substituted for the eight terminal codons of the wild-type gene. A model is presented for the formation of this modified pyrI gene during the integrative recombination of the parental lambda phage with the Escherichia coli chromosome. An accompanying paper emphasizes the importance of the carboxy-terminal end of the regulatory chain for the homotropic and heterotropic interactions of aspartate carbamoyltransferase. PMID- 3912514 TI - Structure-function relationship in allosteric aspartate carbamoyltransferase from Escherichia coli. II. Involvement of the C-terminal region of the regulatory chain in homotropic and heterotropic interactions. AB - The modified aspartate transcarbamylase (ATCase) encoded by the transducing phage described by Cunin et al. has been purified to homogeneity. In this altered form of enzyme (pAR5-ATCase) the last eight amino acids of the C-terminal end of the regulatory chains are replaced by a sequence of six amino acids coded for by the lambda DNA. This modification has very informative consequences on the allosteric properties of ATCase. pAR5-ATCase lacks the homotropic co-operative interactions between the catalytic sites for aspartate binding and is "frozen" in the R state. In addition, this altered form of enzyme is insensitive to the physiological feedback inhibitor CTP, in spite of the fact that this nucleotide binds normally to the regulatory sites. Conversely, pAR5-ATCase is fully sensitive to the activator ATP. However, this activation is limited to the extent of the previously described "primary effect" as expected from an ATCase form "frozen" in the R state. These results emphasize the importance of the three-dimensional structure of the C-terminal region of the regulatory chains for both homotropic and heterotropic interactions. In addition, they indicate that the primary effects of CTP and ATP involve different features of the regulatory chain catalytic chain interaction area. PMID- 3912515 TI - DNA bending and its relation to nucleosome positioning. AB - X-ray and solution studies have shown that the conformation of a DNA double helix depends strongly on its base sequence. Here we show that certain sequence dependent modulations in structure appear to determine the rotational positioning of DNA about the nucleosome. Three different experiments are described. First, a piece of DNA of defined sequence (169 base-pairs long) is closed into a circle, and its structure examined by digestion with DNAase I: the helix adopts a highly preferred configuration, with short runs of (A, T) facing in and runs of (G, C) facing out. Secondly, the same sequence is reconstituted with a histone octamer: the angular orientation around the histone core remains conserved, apart from a small uniform increase in helix twist. Finally, it is shown that the average sequence content of DNA molecules isolated from chicken nucleosome cores is non random, as in a reconstituted nucleosome: short runs of (A, T) are preferentially positioned with minor grooves facing in, while runs of (G, C) tend to have their minor grooves facing out. The periodicity of this modulation in sequence content (10.17 base-pairs) corresponds to the helix twist in a local frame of reference (a result that bears on the change in linking number upon nucleosome formation). The determinants of translational positioning have not been identified, but one possibility is that long runs of homopolymer (dA) X (dT) or (dG) X (dC) will be excluded from the central region of the supercoil on account of their resistance to curvature. PMID- 3912516 TI - A region flanking the GAL7 gene and a binding site for GAL4 protein as upstream activating sequences in yeast. AB - A region of DNA 116 to 271 base-pairs upstream from the GAL7 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae activates transcription from a heterologous promoter and does so in either orientation, showing that the GAL7 upstream region contains an upstream activating sequence (UAS). The level of transcription obtained with two GAL7 UAS's in tandem was only 1.3 times that with one. Previous studies of the GAL1-GAL10 intergenic region were indicative of two binding sites for the GAL4 positive regulatory protein; we find that a single (synthetic) site is capable of gene activation. The level of transcription obtained with the intact GAL1-GAL10 UAS was five times that with the single site. PMID- 3912517 TI - Pharmacological approaches to cocaine addiction. AB - The involvement of central dopamine (DA) neurons in the rewarding action of cocaine is well established. Cocaine euphoria depends on DA activation, and cocaine increases DA neurotransmission by blocking synaptic reuptake. Chronic cocaine use, however, appears to deplete brain DA, and perhaps leads to cocaine craving and withdrawal states. Bromocriptine, a specific DA receptor agonist, appears to ameliorate cocaine craving. Possible clinical roles for bromocriptine, and for DA receptor antagonists, are outlined. PMID- 3912518 TI - [The marginal form of a Class IV preparation for a composite resin restoration]. PMID- 3912519 TI - A historical review of poliomyelitis and immunization in Jamaica 1954-1982. PMID- 3912520 TI - The influence of renal sympathetic nerves on renal hemodynamic and renin responses during hypercapnia in dogs. AB - Studies were conducted in anesthetized dogs to examine the influence of the renal sympathetic nerves on renal hemodynamic and renin responses during controlled hypercapnia. The dogs were subjected to unilateral denervation and tested for their responses to hypercapnia induced by inhalation of 15% CO2 in air. Simultaneous measurements of the responses from both the denervated and innervated kidneys allowed an assessment of the influence of the renal nerves on the responses during acute hypercapnia. The data indicate that reductions in renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate and increases in renin of the renal vein during respiratory acidosis are dependent, in part, on the presence of intact renal nerves. Other factors, however, are probably also present. PMID- 3912521 TI - [The effect of anesthesia on plasma renin and aldosterone--comparison between nitrous oxide-halothane and nitrous oxide epidural anesthesia]. PMID- 3912522 TI - [Kidney transplantation and blood transfusion--with special reference to preoperative blood transfusion]. PMID- 3912523 TI - [Postoperative jaundice and the plasmapheresis therapy]. PMID- 3912524 TI - [Bacteriological, pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on aztreonam in the pediatric field. Pediatric Study Group of Aztreonam]. AB - This report summarizes the results of joint studies in pediatrics on aztreonam, the first monobactam antibiotic for practical use. Pharmacokinetics was studied in 53 cases administered with 10, 20, 40 and 50 mg/kg of aztreonam (AZT) by intravenous injection and 20 cases with 10, 20, 30, and 40 mg/kg by drip infusion. All the cases had normal hepatic and renal functions at the administration. T1/2 was in a relatively fixed range of 1.35-1.56 hours in intravenous injection cases and 1.30-1.55 hours in drip infusion. One hour after commencing administration of standard 20 mg/kg, the serum concentrations were 50.18 +/- 4.24 micrograms/ml in intravenous injection and 116.33 +/- 10.18 micrograms/ml in drip infusion and even 6 hours after the end of the administration, they were 5.80 +/- 1.16 micrograms/ml and 3.38 +/- 0.58 micrograms/ml, respectively. The cerebrospinal fluid penetration was studied on suppurative meningitis (5 cases) and nonbacterial meningitis (3 cases). The penetration was generally good with sufficient concentration for meningitis caused by E. coli and H. influenzae. Amount of the penetration decreased as the cases were improved. Twenty-nine (29) cases were excluded and 262 cases of total 291 were clinically assessed, and the pathogen-isolated 167 cases of 262 were principally analyzed. Efficacy of AZT was "excellent" for all 3 cases of E. coli sepsis and 1 case of N. meningitidis meningitis and "good" for 1 case of H. influenzae meningitis. The effective rate was 94.6% for 37 pneumonia cases, 94.7% for 76 UTI cases and 88.5% on the whole including as many as 98 "excellent" cases. However, the effective rate for 21 enteritis cases was only 52.4%. Similar trend was observed in the pathogen-unknown group and overall effective rate of total 267 cases was 86.8%. The clinical effect by pathogen was 97.7% for 44 E. coli cases and 97.1% for 34 H. influenzae cases, showing excellent results for the GNB group. AZT was also effective for 8 out of 11 P. aeruginosa cases. With regard to microbiological effect by pathogen, AZT showed a high rate of bacterial elimination for GNB, primarily 98.1% for E. coli and 100% for H. influenzae followed by 76.9% for P. aeruginosa. However, it was only 30.0% for Salmonella. Excluding the Salmonella cases, GNB elimination rate was 93.5%. Clinical and microbiological dose response was not clear partly because, same as the previous studies, the effective rate of AZT was high. It was considered, however, standard dose of 20 mg/kg X 3 approximately 4 times a day was recommendable.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3912525 TI - [Basic and clinical trials of aztreonam in the field of pediatrics]. AB - Serum and urinary concentrations and recovery rates of aztreonam (SQ26,776, AZT), a newly developed antibiotic, were studied for a total of 20 pediatric cases by one-shot intravenous injections of 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg to 3, 4 and 3 cases, respectively, and by intravenous drip infusion of 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg to 3, 4 and 3 cases for 1 hour, respectively. Clinical and bacterial effects of AZT were studied by administering 76.7 mg/kg per day on average for a total of 36 cases of tonsillitis (6), pneumonia (13), otitis media and pneumonia complication (1), pleurisy (1), sinusitis (1) and UTI (14). The above daily dose was given t.i.d. (9 cases) or q.i.d. (27 cases), by intravenous drip infusion for 30 minutes for one t.i.d. case and by one-shot intravenous injection for 7 days for the remaining 35 cases. Also, side effect and laboratory values were examined for 43 cases including 7 dropouts. Serum concentration of AZT in 10 pediatric cases were measured by dosing 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg by one-shot intravenous injection to 3, 4 and 3 cases, respectively. In every dosage group, the serum concentrations were highest 5 minutes after the intravenous injection with average values of 91.0, 174.0 and 175.3 mcg/ml, respectively. Dose response was observed between 10 mg/kg dose group and 20, 40 mg/kg dose groups, but it was not between 20 mg/kg group and 40 mg/kg group. This was considered to be attributable to the individual case fluctuations in the 2 groups and to a high concentration case of 240.0 mcg/ml in the 20 mg/kg group. Half-life of each dosage group was 1.55, 1.65 and 1.93 hours. Serum concentrations of AZT in 10 pediatric cases at the dosage level of 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg for 3, 4 and 3 cases, respectively, by 1 hour intravenous drip infusion were highest at the end of the administration with average values of 95.7, 126.0 and 170.7 mcg/ml, respectively. There was a dose response among the 3 groups and the half-life of them were 1.02, 1.41 and 2.48 hours, respectively. A longer half-life of the 3rd group with 40 mg/kg administration than the other 2 groups was due to 1 particular case of 4.44 hours with unknown cause of such an exceptional extension.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3912527 TI - [So-called Lennert's lymphoma: a critical review]. PMID- 3912526 TI - [Clinical study of aztreonam on respiratory tract infections caused by gram negative pathogens]. AB - Aztreonam (E-0734, AZT) was administered to pneumonia and chronic respiratory tract infections. The results were as follows: AZT was administered to 29 patients. Twenty-six cases were evaluable and 3 cases were excluded from evaluation of efficacy because 1 was Gram-positive infection, 2 were unclear symptom of infection. Pneumonia was 4 cases. Chronic respiratory tract infections were 22 cases. Clinical efficacy was judged as follows; excellent in 7 cases, good in 10 cases, fair in 5 cases and poor in 4 cases, then the efficacy rate was 65.4%. Efficacy rate in pneumonia, acute aggravation of diffuse panbronchiolitis and bronchiectasis with infection was 50%, 67% and 83%, respectively. Bacteriological response was judged on 21 cases with eradication rate was 66.7%. Bacteriological response classified by pathogen was as follows: All 6 isolates of H. influenzae, 2 in 6 isolates of P. aeruginosa, 4 in 5 isolates of H. parainfluenzae and all 3 isolates of K. pneumoniae were cleared. Total eradicated rate was 74.1%. Eruption was observed in 1 case as side effect. Abnormal laboratory findings were observed in 4 cases. Elevation of GOT and GPT was in 3 cases. Increase of eosinophil and basophil was in 1 case. AZT was considered to be a useful antibiotic for the treatment of respiratory tract infections, especially chronic respiratory tract infections, caused by Gram-negative pathogens. PMID- 3912528 TI - ["Pulse" methylprednisolone therapy in children with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura]. PMID- 3912529 TI - [The pathological concept of vasculitis]. PMID- 3912530 TI - [The pathological classification of vasculitis]. PMID- 3912531 TI - [Etiology and pathology of vasculitis]. PMID- 3912532 TI - [Vasculitis as an allergic reaction]. PMID- 3912533 TI - [Animal disease model of vasculitis--immune complex and host factors]. PMID- 3912534 TI - [SLE, progressive systemic sclerosis, polymyositis, MCTD and the vascular lesions]. PMID- 3912535 TI - [Schoenlein-Henoch purpura and hypersensitivity angitis]. PMID- 3912537 TI - [The aortitis syndrome]. PMID- 3912536 TI - [Temporal arteritis]. PMID- 3912538 TI - [Clinical study of Buerger disease]. PMID- 3912539 TI - [The Vasculo-Behcet's syndrome]. PMID- 3912540 TI - [Coronary arteritis--its complication and clinical significance]. PMID- 3912541 TI - [Cerebral arteritis]. PMID- 3912542 TI - [Aseptic necrosis and vasculitis]. PMID- 3912543 TI - [Hypocomplementemia with cutaneous vasculitis]. PMID- 3912544 TI - [Erythema nodosum and vasculitis]. PMID- 3912545 TI - [The preangiitis syndrome]. PMID- 3912546 TI - [Steroid hormone and non-steroid anti-inflammatory agent therapy of vasculitis]. PMID- 3912547 TI - [Drug therapy of vasculitis with immunosuppressive agents, immunomodulators and cyclosporin A]. PMID- 3912548 TI - [Drug therapy of vasculitis with prostaglandins]. PMID- 3912549 TI - [Geographical distribution of cancer in Japan--mortality of cancer in prefectures in Japan during 1978-1982]. PMID- 3912550 TI - [Microbiosensor: application or an artificial membrane with biological membrane functions]. PMID- 3912551 TI - [Distal renal tubular acidosis. B. Voltage dependent type]. PMID- 3912552 TI - [Metabolic disturbances in renal tubular acidosis; calcium and phosphorus metabolism (kidney calculi and kidney calcinosis)]. PMID- 3912553 TI - [Renal tubular acidosis and hematologic disorders]. PMID- 3912554 TI - [Renal tubular acidosis and Sjogren's syndrome]. PMID- 3912555 TI - [Drug-induced renal tubular acidosis]. PMID- 3912556 TI - [Etiology of familial renal tubular acidosis]. PMID- 3912557 TI - [Diagnosis of hereditary diseases: application of DNA hybridization assay in the diagnosis of hepatitis B]. PMID- 3912559 TI - [Genetic aspects of diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 3912558 TI - [Characteristics of human genes]. PMID- 3912560 TI - [Genes of blood pressure regulatory factors]. PMID- 3912561 TI - [DNA diagnosis of familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy]. PMID- 3912563 TI - [Structure of genes]. PMID- 3912562 TI - [Synthesis of genes]. PMID- 3912565 TI - [Human chromosome mapping and hereditary diseases]. PMID- 3912564 TI - [Genetic engineering used in pharmaceutical technology]. PMID- 3912566 TI - [Oncogenes of retrovirus]. PMID- 3912567 TI - [Ultrasonic diagnosis of uterine diseases]. PMID- 3912568 TI - [Experimental study on the significance of serum alcohol dehydrogenase activity- special reference to indicators of hepatic zone 3 damage]. PMID- 3912569 TI - [Autologous bone marrow transplantation in children: an interview with Dr. Koichi Nishihira, head, Pediatric Department, Kanagawa Prefectural Pediatric Center]. PMID- 3912570 TI - [Bone marrow transplantation for the treatment of leukemia]. PMID- 3912571 TI - Inhibition by thiamine tetrahydrofurfuryl disulfide (TTFD) of the arachidonic acid cascade-line activation as evidenced in the heart-lung preparation of the dog. AB - The effects of thiamine tetrahydrofurfuryl disulfide (TTFD) on the gradual increase in the coronary blood flow (CBF) inherent in the canine heart-lung preparation were studied. TTFD is a disulfide-type derivative of thiamine reported to have an antiinflammatory effect in experimental animals. Since it was found that the substance could reverse the gradual increase in CBF, the possibility that the reversal was brought about through an inhibition of activation of the arachidonic acid cascade-line was tested, examining the effects of this substance on the CBF increase produced by arachidonic acid (AA) and prostacyclin (PGI2). The vasodilator response to AA, which was barely detectable at the start of the experiment at which CBF was at a physiological low level, became potentiated as the gradual increase in CBF occurred, returning to the initial magnitude after TTFD, while the vasodilator response to PGI2 remained essentially unchanged during the entire course of the experiment. It was concluded that TTFD reversed the gradual increase in CBF in the HLP through the inhibition of the arachidonic acid cascade-line activation. PMID- 3912572 TI - [Case study with a meaningful dialogue with the case. 2. Learning by a member of the study group. Experience as a planning member]. PMID- 3912573 TI - [The sensitivity and specificity of tumor markers (CEA, ferritin, beta 2-MG, TPA, IAP, sialic acid) in malignant and non-malignant pulmonary diseases and their relation to smoking and sex]. PMID- 3912574 TI - The inflammatory process in peripheral airways. PMID- 3912575 TI - [Change in contractile proteins in the uterine smooth muscle in pregnancy]. PMID- 3912576 TI - [Development of Meissner's plexus in the rat--neuron-specific enolase as the marker]. PMID- 3912577 TI - [Studies on glutathione S-transferase in human kidney--biochemical characterization and immunohistochemical study in human embryonal tissue]. PMID- 3912578 TI - Regulating estrus and therapy of repeat-breeder and anestrous Holstein heifers using progesterone releasing intravaginal devices (PRIDs). PMID- 3912579 TI - [Current methods of permanent electric stimulation and the clinical indications for their use]. PMID- 3912580 TI - [Concentration of somatotropic hormone in the blood in arterial hypertension of different origin]. AB - Radioimmunoassays of plasma hormones were carried out, and correlation coefficients between the blood somatotrophin level and blood thyrotrophic hormone, thyroxine, renin, and aldosterone, as well as between blood somatotrophin and diastolic BP, cardiac index, total peripheral resistance, the tension and ejection time, cardiac cycle duration and electrocardiographic SV1 + RV5, were calculated in 95 patients with essential hypertension and symptomatic arterial hypertensions. Blood somatotrophin levels were shown to be basically increased in second- and third-stage essential hypertension and in chronic pyelonephritis with arterial hypertension. However, the hormone is not likely to be directly involved in the BP control. PMID- 3912582 TI - Natural history and treatment of primary proliferative glomerulonephritis: a review. AB - The immunopathology, clinical characteristics, natural history, and treatment of the lesions that constitute the heterogeneous group of primary proliferative glonerulonephritis have been reviewed. These lesions include pure mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis, IgA nephropathy, mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis, focal and segmental proliferative glomerulonephritis, and crescentic glomerulonephritis. A great deal is now known concerning the natural history of these individual entities and some have responded satisfactorily to a variety of therapeutic modalities. Unfortunately, the most common of the proliferative glomerulonephritides, namely, IgA nephropathy, has not yet yielded to therapeutic efforts, except on rare occasions. It is hoped that, through better understanding of the fundamental pathogenetic mechanisms involved and a continued search for etiologic events, better and more effective therapeutic regimens will be devised. Considering the rate of progress that has occurred in the last several decades, there is good reason for optimism that ultimately these proliferative glomerulonephritides that contribute so importantly to the pool of patients with end-stage renal disease will ultimately be controlled or even prevented. PMID- 3912581 TI - [Effect of enkephalins on the course of experimental izadrin-induced myocardial necrosis in the rabbit]. AB - The effect of a synthetic analogue of encephalin was studied experimentally in 150 rabbits with neoepinephrine-induced myocardial necrosis to whom the drug was administered intravenously at the rate of 100 micrograms/kg, 1 and 6 hours later. Necrotic developments were assessed on the basis of MB CPK and LDH activity and myoglobin levels. Control animals received saline solutions or propranolol in equimolar doses. In encephalin-treated animals, enzyme activity and myoglobin values were significantly lower, an evidence of encephalins' favorable effect on the course of neoepinephrine-induced myocardial necrosis. PMID- 3912583 TI - Renal transplantation for children--the only realistic choice. PMID- 3912584 TI - The need for dialysis. PMID- 3912585 TI - Protecting the patient's interest. AB - Notwithstanding recent developments, protection of patients' rights'and the identification of potential areas of patient abuse will continue to be a complex problem. PMID- 3912586 TI - Bias in selecting treatment for end-stage renal disease. PMID- 3912587 TI - Outcome of long-term hemofiltration. PMID- 3912588 TI - Hemoperfusion in the treatment of uremia. AB - The usefulness of hemoperfusion in ESRD therapy has not yet been proven in long term studies. This negative assessment of results is not meant to impugn the efforts of the many investigators in this field. Their research has led to the development of sorbent cartridges, which have played a major life-saving role in acute poison therapy. Moreover, many futuristic artificial organs, such as the wearable artificial kidney and the prosthetic liver, will be lineal descendants of early sorbent research and their development will be facilitated further by current and future studies. Surely, for all those who are not prematurely discouraged by the negative results to date, hemoperfusion remains a challenging avenue for clinical innovation. PMID- 3912589 TI - Neurotoxicity of parathyroid hormone in uremia. PMID- 3912590 TI - Is glucose intolerance harmful for the uremic patient? PMID- 3912591 TI - [Infantile cortical hyperostosis (Roske-De Toni-Caffey-Silverman syndrome)]. PMID- 3912592 TI - [Electroroentgenography in orthopedics and traumatology and in the diagnosis of various emergency conditions]. PMID- 3912593 TI - [Surgical tactics in traumatic defects of the skull]. PMID- 3912594 TI - [Value of early removal of skin sutures on the healing of surgical wounds]. PMID- 3912595 TI - [Ultrasonic study in closed injuries of the spleen (with contribution of 4 personal cases)]. PMID- 3912596 TI - [Echographic diagnosis in urologic emergencies]. PMID- 3912597 TI - [Corneal astigmatism following a 2-step scleral incision in cataract operations with implantation of posterior chamber lenses]. AB - The postoperative astigmatism of 987 eyes after cataract extraction was studied with reference to behavior in the course of time, axis, and amount. The late post operative distribution (6 months) of astigmatism approximates the preoperative values. Using Euler's method, the influence of surgical technique and surgeon on the refractive power of the cornea was investigated. The standard deviation of refractive power is more than twice the influence of surgeon and different surgical technique (extracapsular cataract extraction versus phakoemulsification). PMID- 3912598 TI - [A simplified ultrasonographic measuring technic in combination with a computer program for calculating the power of intraocular lenses]. AB - In the last few years intraocular lens implantations have gained in popularity. In biometry new electronic methods have been introduced. For measuring the axial length by ultrasound we use the Ocuscan DBR 400 ST unit in combination with the digital storage system and an immersion technique. For lens power calculation we have developed a new computer program for a Commodore CBM 4032 using R.D. Binkhorst's formulae. In a series of 50 Kelman S-Flex anterior chamber lenses we found a mean error of +0.250 D and a standard deviation of +/- 0.662 D. Sixty four percent of predictions were within the +/- 0.5 D range, and in 88% of these patients we predicted within the +/- 1.0 D range. The maximum errors of prediction were -1.0 D and +/- 1.75 D. Using an immersion technique an accurate axial length measurement can be obtained. PMID- 3912599 TI - [Determination of resistance and antibiotic therapy in bacterial eye diseases of childhood]. AB - From June 1982 to December 1983 children aged between 3 days and 5 years (average 2-1/2 years) with bacterial conjunctivitis, blennorrhea or perforated corneal ulcers were examined microbiologically. The results of 30 antibiotic susceptibility tests were compared with those of adults. Prevalence of Escherichia coli (6%) and Staphylococcus aureus haemolyticus (17%) was observed; Candida species was not found in the young children. Pediatric diseases revealed themselves to be more pronounced in general. The authors diagnosed 3 chlamydial blennorrheas in newborn aged 7, 8 and 10 days. Mixed infections were found significantly less often in children (21%) than in adults (64%). The authors point out the need for epidemiologic antibiotic susceptibility studies to facilitate decision making for ad hoc therapeutic measures that are sometimes indicated in endophthalmitis or severe blennorrhea. The possible complications of antibiotic polypragmasia and the use of fixed combinations are discussed. PMID- 3912600 TI - [Pressure lowering effect and side effects of 0.5% and 1.0% levobunolol eyedrops, compared with 0.5% timolol eyedrops in patients with open-angle glaucoma]. AB - Fifty patients with open-angle glaucoma were treated twice daily for one year with topical 0.5% levobunolol, 1% levobunolol, or 0.5% timolol. Both concentrations of levobunolol were as effective as timolol in reducing intraocular pressure over the one-year period. At the concentrations tested, levobunolol and timolol decreased heart rate to a similar extent, suggesting that systemic absorption occurred after topical instillation. In all three treatment groups, clinically insignificant changes in blood pressure were observed sporadically throughout the one-year period. Very few clinically significant toxic ocular reactions were observed. PMID- 3912601 TI - [Atraumatic needles for cataract surgery]. AB - The author reports on his experience with spatula needles and cutting needles with micropoint in cataract surgery. Configuration and edge treatment of the different needles were demonstrated by scanning electron microscope. The characteristics of the tested needles seem to depend mainly upon their profile. In cataract surgery the spatula needles proved to be superior to the needles with cutting micropoint due to their ski-shaped design. PMID- 3912602 TI - [The first description of the Irvine syndrome]. AB - Recently G. O. H. Naumann and W. Seibel, while reviewing the literature, stated that A. R. Irvine had not noticed the foregoing biomicroscopic observations of K. Hruby. The name Hruby-Irvine-Gass Syndrome would thus be more appropriate. The article concludes with a discussion of therapeutic problems. PMID- 3912603 TI - [From the bibliographer's files (XXV). 50 years ago]. PMID- 3912604 TI - [Chronic obstructive lung diseases and principles of their treatment]. PMID- 3912605 TI - [The medical theme in Chekhov's letters (on the 125th anniversary of his birth)]. PMID- 3912606 TI - [60th anniversary of the description of Itsenko-Cushing disease]. PMID- 3912607 TI - [Alpha 1-inhibitor of proteinases and its study in the clinic]. PMID- 3912608 TI - [Paraneoplastic neuromyopathies (the Denny-Brown syndrome) in bronchogenic cancer patients]. PMID- 3912609 TI - [Isolated amyloidosis of the bronchopulmonary system]. PMID- 3912610 TI - [Clinical evaluation of the action of vasoactive preparations by a functional polymetric method]. PMID- 3912611 TI - Mycoplasma pulmonis-host relationships in a breeding colony of Sprague-Dawley rats with enzootic murine respiratory mycoplasmosis. AB - The longitudinal Mycoplasma pulmonis-host relationships in rats 1 to 72 weeks of age were investigated in a conventional breeding colony of Sprague-Dawley rats with enzootic murine respiratory mycoplasmosis (MRM). Mean intracage ammonia (NH3) concentrations of 52 +/- 21 micrograms/1 and active Sendai virus infections during the first month of life were associated with important early events in MRM. There was rapid colonization of proximal airways by large numbers of M. pulmonis in most rats by 2 weeks of age and the lungs by 6 weeks. The prevalence of lesions of MRM peaked by 3 weeks in nasal passages, later in middle ears, larynx and trachea, and not until 8 weeks in lungs. Approximately 10% of rats 8 weeks of age and older had bronchiectasis and/or bronchiolectasis, usually restricted to a few airways. Despite continued high NH3 concentrations (42 +/- 14 micrograms/1 in cages of weanlings and 86 +/- 45 micrograms/1 in cages of adults), M. pulmonis populations declined dramatically by 8 weeks of age. Nevertheless, in older rats lesions continued to be extremely prevalent in proximal airways. Mycoplasma pulmonis infection and disease persisted in respiratory tracts of most rats through 72 weeks of age, despite high serum concentrations of mycoplasma-specific IgM and IgG antibodies. These interrelationships of M. pulmonis, host, and environment may be representative of many breeding colonies of rats that have enzootic MRM. PMID- 3912612 TI - Insular amyloidosis and diabetes mellitus in a crab-eating macaque (Macaca fascicularis). AB - Clinicopathologic examination of a crab-eating macaque (Macaca fascicularis) with chronic weight loss and bilateral cataracts revealed high fasting serum glucose, glucosuria and hypercholesterolemia. Clinical signs were eliminated by treatment once a day with isophane insulin suspension. Extensive insular amyloidosis was found microscopically sixty days later. PMID- 3912613 TI - Structural conversion of cytosolic steroid receptors by an age-dependent epididymal protease. AB - Epididymides from sexually mature rabbits contain a factor that induces a discrete reduction in the sedimentation coefficient of cytosolic estrogen receptors from various tissues (rabbit epididymis and accessory sex organs; rabbit, rat and mouse uterus) and of cytosolic progesterone receptors from the rabbit uterus. The factor is not species-specific since a similar activity was detected in extracts of mature rat epididymides. Although present in cytosol, the factor is obtained in much higher yield in hypertonic extracts of the nucleomyofibrillar fraction of mature rabbit epididymal tissue. Using rabbit uterine estrogen receptor as substrate, we have determined the following details about the rabbit epididymal factor: (1) it is tissue-specific (undetectable in extracts from rabbit accessory sex organs, testis, uterus, liver, lung, kidney and intestine); (2) it is age-dependent (undetectable in extracts from sexually immature rabbit epididymides); (3) its maintenance is testis-independent following its post-pubertal induction or activation; (4) it is primarily localized in the caput region of the epididymis; (5) it is inactivated by elevated temperature; (6) it is macromolecular in nature; (7) it is DNase- and RNase-resistant; (8) it is irreversibly inactivated by leupeptin, indicating that it is a protease; and (9) it is effective on unoccupied and occupied receptors. PMID- 3912614 TI - Progestins specifically suppress alpha-lactalbumin synthesis and secretion. AB - Mammary gland explants from pregnant (day 12-15) rats were cultured with insulin and prolactin, and their content and secretion of alpha-lactalbumin determined after exposure to a wide range of doses (0.01-300 nM) of the specific synthetic progestin (ORG2058), alone or with a maximally stimulatory dose of the highly specific glucocorticoid RU26988. ORG2058 alone suppressed alpha-lactalbumin synthesis below baseline, with a half-maximal effect at a concentration of less than 0.1 nM; RU26988-stimulated secretion was similarly abrogated by ORG2058, similarly with a half maximally effective dose of less than 0.1 nM. We interpret these data as suggesting that (i) given the specificity and doses of the steroids used the effect of progestins on alpha lactalbumin synthesis is directly via progesterone receptor occupancy, and not by competing with glucocorticoids for glucocorticoid receptors and (ii) given the shift to the left in the alpha lactalbumin response (half maximal less than 0.1 nM ORG2058) compared with receptor binding (Kd (37 degrees C) greater than 1 nM), one possible model for such sensitivity is that of multiple, independent regulatory elements on the chromatin controlling alpha-lactalbumin gene expression, occupancy of any one of which by an activated progesterone receptor is sufficient to abrogate transcription. PMID- 3912615 TI - The effects of therapy on estrogen receptors in breast cancer. AB - The importance of estrogen receptors (ER) in predicting the results of therapy in advanced-stage breast carcinoma is now generally accepted. It is, therefore, important to know whether therapy itself, besides other factors, could affect ER status. The aim of the authors was to investigate this problem by reviewing the data from the literature. They have taken into account the effects of hormonal and/or chemotherapy and of radiotherapy, moreover, they have considered the importance of the time elapsed since the suspension of treatment. Hormonal therapy appears to be the kind of treatment more clearly correlated with a loss of ER: the authors have reported some hypotheses about the possible mechanisms of this action. The effect of chemotherapy is much less clear; the data about radiotherapy are few, unhomogeneous and, often, insufficient. Instead, it appears quite clear that ER tend to regain their original status after the suspension of therapy. More studies, are needed before any definitive conclusion can be drawn; it will be necessary to take into account also the possible effect of the different criteria for the preselection of patients. The actual data appear, anyway, to confirm the importance of routine receptor assay on breast tumors, especially after systemic treatment and independently of the kind of therapy itself. PMID- 3912616 TI - Chemotherapy with or without tamoxifen in postmenopausal patients with late breast cancer. A randomized study. AB - Eighty-one patients with advanced measurable breast cancer were randomized to receive only chemotherapy (Group C) or the same chemotherapy + tamoxifen (Group CH). The chemotherapeutic regimen was based on the cyclic administration of two noncross-resistant cytotoxic combinations: CMFV (cyclophosphamide 300 mg/m2 i.v., days 1 and 5; methotrexate, 20 mg/m2 i.v., days 1 and 4; 5-fluorouracil 325 mg/m2 i.v., days 1-5; vincristine 0.75 mg/m2 i.v., days 2 and 5) and AC (adriamycin 40 mg/m2 i.v., day 1; cyclophosphamide 200 mg/m2 i.v., days 3-5) every 4-5 weeks. Tamoxifen (10 mg) was given twice daily continuously. The treatment results were as follows in Groups C and CH, respectively: PD 19.4 and 6.3%, SD 38.9 and 18.7%, PR 27.8 and 56.2% and CR 13.9 and 18.7%. The difference in response (CR + PR) rate observed between the two treatment groups was highly significant (P less than 0.025). Median time to progression was 10.6 months in Group C and 17.2 months in Group CH (NS). Median duration of survival was 20 and 34 months, respectively (NS). IN CONCLUSION: the addition of tamoxifen to chemotherapy significantly improved the results in terms of response rate and duration of responses. A significant benefit to short-term survival was also evident. PMID- 3912617 TI - Hormono-chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced breast cancer. AB - The current situation in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer is reviewed. Overall the concurrent use of endocrine treatment and chemotherapy does not improve the therapeutic results as compared to a treatment encompassing only one modality. However, results diverge widely in different subgroups. Data emerging from various randomized trials are beginning to define subgroups of patients, who should be treated differently. Such data are discussed and their importance for future trials in the field of advanced breast cancer reviewed. PMID- 3912618 TI - Chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, and 5-fluorouracil compared to chemotherapy plus hormonal therapy with tamoxifen in the treatment of advanced breast cancer: an interim analysis. AB - Between February 1980 and August 1982, the Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) performed a randomized study aimed to compare chemotherapy with CAF (Cyclophosphamide, Adriamycin, 5-Fluorouracil) versus the same chemotherapeutic regimen plus tamoxifen (T-CAF) in stage IV breast cancer patients. Patients were stratified on the basis of menopausal status, estrogen receptors (ER) status, dominant site of metastasis and prior adjuvant treatment. Overall 474 patients were entered into the study of whom 433 were assessable for response. 314 patients were postmenopausal, 85 premenopausal and 34 patients were unknown as far menopausal status was concerned. No difference was evident among postmenopausal patients in overall response rate and duration of responses between T-CAF and CAF (52% vs 50% respectively). Similarly no difference was shown among premenopausal patients, response rates being 63% with T-CAF and 60% with CAF. Lack of benefit from adding T to chemotherapy was seen also according to the different strata, including patients with ER positive tumors. The failure for this combination to be synergistic might reflect an effect of T on tumor kinetics interfering with the activity of chemotherapy. PMID- 3912619 TI - Combined cytotoxic and endocrine therapy in postmenopausal patients with advanced breast cancer. A randomized EORTC study of CMF vs CMF + tamoxifen. AB - Two hundred and sixty-three patients with advanced measurable breast cancer were randomized to receive cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil (CMF) or CMF + tamoxifen (T). Each cycle of CMF (C, 100 mg/m2 p.o. days 1-14, M, 40 mg/m2 i.v. days 1 and 8, F, 600 mg/m2 i.v. days 1 and 8) was repeated every 4 weeks. Tamoxifen, 20 mg twice daily, was given continuously. The treatment results as assessed by external reviewing were as follows in the CMF and CMF + T groups, respectively: PD 24 and 10%, NC 27 and 15%, PR 29 and 44%, CR 20 and 31%. The difference between response (CR + PR) rates is highly significant (P = 0.0001). Derived from life-table analysis, the median duration of remission was 12 months in the CMF-treated group and 18 months in patients treated with CMF + T (P = 0.04). Median duration of survival was 19 and 24 months, respectively (P = 0.12), but in the group of responders CMF + T was significantly superior to CMF (32 months vs 21 months, P = 0.03). The addition of T was of benefit to all subgroups but the difference only reached statistical significance in patients with the dominant site of disease in viscera, in patients with a Karnofsky index of 100 and in patients of more than 60 years of age. The amount of CMF given was identical in two groups with a trend for a decrease in dose with increasing age. No relation between response rate and amount of dose given was observed. In conclusion, the addition of T to CMF improves the therapeutic results in patients with advanced breast cancer although the superiority of the combined treatment is statistically significant only in some subsets of patients. PMID- 3912620 TI - Adjuvant endocrine therapy, cytotoxic chemotherapy and immunotherapy in stage II breast cancer: 6-year result. AB - Six-year results of a prospective, randomized clinical trial of three treatment regimens [(1) cytoxan, methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil (CMF); (2) CMF plus the antiestrogen drug, tamoxifen (CMFT); (3) CMFT plus Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccinations] in 312 women with stage II breast cancer are reported. Addition of tamoxifen to CMF therapy significantly decreased the number of recurrences at 6 years in ER + patients with greater than or equal to 4 positive axillary lymph nodes, and in those with tumor diameter in excess of 3 cm. The beneficial effect of tamoxifen appeared to be independent of the menopausal status. Addition of tamoxifen to CMF had no effect on disease-free survival in ER + patients with 1-3 positive axillary lymph nodes or in patients with ER--tumors. Addition of BCG vaccinations had no discernible effect on disease-free survival. ER measurements in the primary tumor provide important prognostic information regardless of treatment, with ER + patients having increased overall survival after 6 years. Further follow-up is needed to determine whether tamoxifen is delaying recurrence or preventing it in a subset of these patients. PMID- 3912621 TI - Adjuvant therapy for breast cancer with positive axillary nodes designed according to estrogen receptor status. AB - This is a preliminary report of the Southwest Oncology Group--Adjuvant Therapy in Operative Breast Cancer with Positive Axillary Nodes--in which therapy is randomized by estrogen receptor (ER) data. ER--patients receive either 1 or 2 years of CMFVP. The ER + group receive CMFVP for 1 year and/or hormonal therapy. ER + patients have a significant longer disease-free interval compared to ER- patients (P = 0.004). There was no significant difference in disease-free interval for ER--patients who receive either 1 or 2 years of CMFVP. The data for ER + patients is too preliminary to report for disease-free or total survival. Toxicity is acceptable because of frequent monitoring and examinations which results in the low percentage of life-threatening toxicity. PMID- 3912622 TI - Adjuvant treatment in operable breast cancer. AB - The object of Ludwig III was to assess adjuvant therapy after total mastectomy and axillary clearance in postmenopausal women with breast cancer and axillary node metastases. Chemo-endocrine therapy (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5 fluorouracil, prednisone and tamoxifen: CMFp + T) was compared with endocrine therapy (prednisone and tamoxifen: p + T) and with no adjuvant treatment in 463 evaluable patients aged 65 years or less. Treatment results are available (Ludwig Breast Cancer Study Group, Lancet i (1984) 1256-1260). Nodal status and receptor content of the primary were found to have prognostic value, while tumor size did not. PMID- 3912623 TI - Adjuvant tamoxifen treatment in postmenopausal patients with operable breast cancer. AB - Between November 1, 1976 and December 31, 1981, 826 post-menopausal females with operable breast cancer were included into a trial comparing tamoxifen 40 mg daily for 2 years with no endocrine treatment. Patients without axillary lymph node metastases and tumors less than 30 mm received no other treatment whilst those with more advanced disease were in addition superrandomised to receive postoperative irradiation or 12 courses of CMF. With a mean follow-up of 44 months tamoxifen significantly reduced the incidence of recurrence. There was no significant interaction between the effect of tamoxifen and any other treatment or prognostic subgroup. PMID- 3912624 TI - Aminoglutethimide and estrogenic stimulation before chemotherapy for treatment of advanced breast cancer. Preliminary results of a phase II study conducted by the E.O.R.T.C. Breast Cancer Cooperative Group. AB - While both endocrine therapy and chemotherapy are of proven value in the treatment of advanced breast cancer, the effects of combining these two methods or applying them consecutively have been relatively disappointing. This may be due to endocrine therapy suppressing cell division, in hormone-dependent tumors, whereas chemotherapy acts mainly on active-dividing cells. A trial protocol has therefore been devised which seeks to exploit the properties of both types of therapy. Oestrogen suppression is first obtained by aminoglutethimide (Orimeten) plus hydrocortisone; after 2 weeks, ethinyloestradiol is given to induce cell division and followed 24 h later by a combination of 3 cytotoxic agents given intravenously. This pattern of therapy, repeated at regular intervals, appears to be producing favorable clinical results. A phase-III study is being started among patients with hormone-dependent advanced breast cancer. PMID- 3912625 TI - Renal and antihypertensive effects of co-dergocrine (Hydergine) in rats. AB - The renal actions of co-dergocrine and its components (DH-ergocornine, DH-beta ergokryptine, DH-alpha-ergokryptine and DH-ergocristine) were studied in conscious normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive (SH-) rats. Following p.o. and s.c. administration, co-dergocrine and its components induced dose-dependent increases in water and sodium chloride excretion in both strains. Changes in urinary excretion of potassium were small. Concomitantly, in SHR, blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were decreased. In both strains the salidiuretic activity of co-dergocrine remained relatively constant following prolonged administration. In addition in SHR basal plasma renin activity (PRA) as well as BP and HR were decreased. Experiments were also performed in order to investigate the mechanisms underlying the renal effects of co-dergocrine. PMID- 3912626 TI - Recent advances in studies on Chinese medicinal herbs with physiological activity. AB - Medicinal plants with physiological activity studied in China during recent years are classified into three types: (1) drugs originating from traditional medicine and ancient prescriptions; (2) drugs originating from folk prescriptions or experienced prescriptions; (3) drugs originating from Chinese drugs with modified structures of the active principles and now in common use. The physiological activities are discussed in separate sections according to their therapeutic effects: nervous system; parasites; cardiovascular system; cancer; birth control; immuno-activity. PMID- 3912627 TI - [IgA nephropathy]. PMID- 3912628 TI - [Rhabdomyolysis and Salmonella enteritidis infection]. PMID- 3912630 TI - [Toxic epidermal necrolysis (Lyell's syndrome) caused by piroxicam, with fatal outcome from disseminated aspergillosis]. AB - A case of Lyell Syndrome provoked by ingestion of an antirheumatic drug (Piroxicam) is commented. The evolution under treatment with steroids and broad spectrum antibiotics was excellent but once recovered from this, the patient died subsequently to a systemic infectious process caused by an Aspergillosis with pulmonary involvement and secondary affectation of the kidneys, brain liver, and heart. The hepatic involvement during the acute stage is discussed and evaluated (increase of transaminases), amylasemia, amylasuria, anemia and thrombopenia which persisted throughout the process and presumably conditioned the evolution of the disease. PMID- 3912629 TI - [Chronic benign familial pemphigus. Clinical, histological and immunological study of 7 cases]. AB - A clinical, histopathological and immunological study was carried on a series of seven patients of Familial Benign Chronic Pemphigus (FBCP). This condition is characterized by recurrent small blisters, mainly, on intertriginous areas and on the sides of the neck, that become wet and crusted rapidly. They are generally sharply marginated and Nikolsky's sign is often positive. The lesions appear spontaneously and may be precipitated by warm, humid environment, mechanical trauma, radiations, bacterial or mycotic infection. Healing occurs with residual non scarring hyperpigmentation. Histopathologically, the epidermal alteration respond to a primary acantholytic mechanism. Ultramicroscopic studies have suggested an alteration on the desmosome-tonofilament complex. Comparatively with Pemphigus, another acantholytic disease in which immunological pathogenesis is strongly suspected, only few reports are referred to immunological studies in FBCP. In the present paper, a direct immunofluorescent study on spontaneous and provoked blisters was made in order to investigate deposits of immunoglobulins and complement. Indirect IF was performed with sera of teh patients for detection of circulating antibodies. Two cases were also sensitized with erythrocytic antigen. The immunological response to this substance was evaluated. The clinical and histopathological findings of the present series, are similar with previous descriptions. The immunofluorescent studies do not provide evidence of antibodies to epidermal intercellular space, like Pemphigus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3912632 TI - [Carcinoma of the sebaceous glands]. AB - A case of sebaceous gland carcinoma is reported. The patient, a woman aged 70, presented the lesion at the age of 17; it was destroyed by electrocoagulation, but recurred and was excised when she was 70. Histology showed a sebaceous gland carcinoma. No metastasis occurred in the long term evolution. PMID- 3912631 TI - [Acquired epidermolysis bullosa (acquired dermolytic bullous dermatoses) (study of 2 patients)]. AB - The authors studied two patients with bullous lesions with onset at adult age. There were no relatives with bullous disease. After minor traumas, mainly in hands, feet, elbows and knees, one could see the onset of the blisters, which vanished leaving atrophic scars. Nails and mucosae were involved in both patients. The female patient had cyst of milia. One of the patients had lymph node tuberculosis as associated disease. Through exhaustive clinical examination and laboratory investigation, the authors excluded other types of bullous diseases. Histopathology of the lesions, electron microscopy, direct and indirect immunofluorescence, supported the diagnosis of Acquired Dermolytic Bullous Dermatosis. PMID- 3912633 TI - [Aplasia cutis congenita. Commentary on 5 cases]. AB - Five cases of aplasia cutis congenita are presented, three of them with the classic localization of the scalp. The fourth case involves the lower extremities and the fifth, the trunk. The malformations associated to each case are described. A review of the existing literature and of possible etiologies is done. PMID- 3912634 TI - [Generalized urticaria due to food allergy (codfish)]. AB - A case of generalized urticaria after ingesta of raw cod in a patient who had any previous episodes of atopy or other findings of interest is presented. One month after the manipulation of this same food she presented another episode of generalized urticaria, this time more severe and persistent. Skin patches to cod provoked a contact urticaria probably produced by an immunologic mechanism. A sensitization via the digestive tract is presumed on the basis of the clinical course and the symptoms of the patient. PMID- 3912635 TI - [Cysts in retroauricular infundibulopapillary plaques]. AB - Two female patients, with similar clinical characteristics, having as only dermatological manifestation large retroauricular plaques, on their surface could be seen many keratinic follicular cysts with an unspecific lichenoid inflammatory reaction. This entity is studied according to the revised bibliography, reaching the conclusion that they are real infundibulo-pilous cysts in plaques, with a very peculiar localisation, which are not red lichen planus. The authors think that this affection should be considered as an autonomous anatomo-clinical entity. PMID- 3912636 TI - [Visual and auditory evoked potentials in latent syphilis]. AB - The evoked potentials visual and auditory are studied in 43 patients with latent syphilis without previous mucocutaneous lesions. Twenty nine of them had not received treatment, and 14 due to their positive serology were treated with benzathine penicillin. At the visual potential evoked there were no abnormalities but in 20 cases evoked auditive potential were abnormal. This findings suppose the existence of subclinical neurological indicates the existence of lesions in almost 50% of the cases of this period of syphilis. All these patients had positive circulate immune complexes and normal cerebro-spinal fluid. The neurological alteration consists in a lesion of the cerebral trunk. According to these results the auditory potential evoked test is very important. The authors doubt on the efficacity of the benzathine penicillin in this period of syphilis. PMID- 3912637 TI - [Classification of the developmental periods of syphilis]. AB - With the acquisition of specialized laboratory techniques, as the determination of serum immune complexes and the auditory evoked potentials, which bring new knowledge, the study of syphilis must be reviewed, in particular the classification of the evolution periods. The authors consider latent syphilis and neuro-syphilis. Based on these facts the new ways of treatment as well as the evolution control must be revised. These test should always be performed in order to determine exactly the syphilis period of the patient. PMID- 3912638 TI - [Sclerodermiform linear atrophy caused by triamcinolone]. AB - A case of linear scleroderma-like atrophy from local injections of triamcinolone acetonide is reported. The clinical picture resembled a true monomelic scleroderma. Spontaneous dis-appearance occurred after a year. PMID- 3912639 TI - [Folliculitis caused by Pityrosporum]. AB - During the summer months three young patients were examined by us for an asymptomatic cutaneous eruption of erythematous papules located on neck, shoulders and back. They were heat-resistant to several antiseptics and systemic antibiotic treatment. The mechanical expression of these lesions did not reveal the appearance of pus, but a hard keratinous matter. The histopathological findings of the lesions show a non specific folliculitis, but the PAS stain shows numerous spores of yeast forms within the keratinous material of the follicle. The culture of this material in bacteriological and mycological ordinary media is negative, but the culture in the Dixon media reveals the growth of typical colonies of Pityrosporum orbiculare. The patients responded successfully to a 3 weeks course of ketoconazole (200 mgr/d). PMID- 3912640 TI - [Is the protective colostomy in left-sided resections of the colorectum necessary?]. AB - In a prospective clinical study 100 left-side colon and anterior rectum resections were performed without a protective colostomy under standardized conditions: Whole gut lavage, oral and systemic antibiotic prophylaxis, parenteral highcaloric nutrition perioperatively, anastomosing technique end to end, single layer, with atraumatic sutures (3 X 0 Vicryl, Dexon) or EEA stapler. A clinically relevant insufficiency of the anastomosis was seen in 4%, wound healing impairment in 7%, only one patient died. Due to careful preparation and operation technique the frequency of septic complications and mortality nowadays is very low. On the other side a protective colostomy is afflicted with psychical problems to the patient, higher costs because of the longer period of hospitalization and a not unimportant number of complications of colostomy closure. Therefore we consider the routine usage of protective colostomy as not being necessary in elective colon and anterior rectum resections. PMID- 3912641 TI - [Wound healing disorder in surgery of colorectal cancer--a multifactorial computer analysis]. AB - From 1966 through 1984 1,451 resections of colorectal carcinoma have been performed in the Department of General Surgery at the RWTH Aachen. 229 (15.8%) of the patients developed an infection of the abdominal incision. As predisposing factors we observed failures correlated with progression of tumor as anemia and hypoproteinemia, a bad general condition and late stages of carcinoma. Accompanying illnesses only had an influence on the infection rate if they could not be recompensated by intensive care medicine. No influence could be determined by the age itself. The improved preoperative preparation with orthograde lavage and enteral and systemic antibiotic prophylaxis caused a decrease of the infection rate from 25% to less than 10%. Nevertheless attending to all these parameters a quick and atraumatic operation procedure is indispensable to avoide a failure of wound healing. PMID- 3912642 TI - [Edward Jenner and vaccination against smallpox]. PMID- 3912644 TI - [They fought for the Motherland]. PMID- 3912643 TI - [Albucasis--outstanding medieval physician]. PMID- 3912645 TI - [Effect of technological factors on the surface quality of the metallic frameworks of metal ceramic dental prostheses]. AB - The strength of cermet systems based on the various base alloys has been tested. Included in the study there were one chromium-cobalt alloy and three chromium nickel alloys. The greater strength is noted when using chromium-nickel alloys with smoothed surface relief. PMID- 3912646 TI - [Contribution of N.I. Pirogov to the development of Russian medical instrumentaria]. PMID- 3912647 TI - [Reversibility of cognitive disorders among chronic alcoholics in phases of withdrawal. Effect of arginine pyroglutamate]. PMID- 3912648 TI - Rapid practical method for detection of beta lactamase-producing bacteria. AB - A method is described for rapid detection of beta lactamase-producing organisms within 24 h. The specimen is plated on agar medium, and a standard penicillin susceptibility disc is placed at the site of the lung inoculum. Penicillin resistant bacteria will grow at the area of inhibition. Beta lactamase activity can then be ascertained by utilizing a rapid disc test. PMID- 3912649 TI - Clostridium ramosum, an IgA protease-producing species and its ecology in the human intestinal tract. AB - A bacterial strain isolated from feces of a patient with ulcerative colitis, which had been shown to produce a novel immunoglobulin A (IgA) protease (cleaving both the human IgA1 subclass and IgA2 subclass of A2m(1) allotype) extracellularly, was identified as Clostridium ramosum. By using a selective medium (propionate-rifampicin-gentamicin-colimycin-polymyxin medium) devised for C. ramosum, analysis of the population level of this organism was performed to determine its ecology in the human intestinal tract. C. ramosum was isolated in 20 of 25 fecal samples (80%) from patients with inflammatory bowel disease (I.B.D.) and in 112 of 135 samples (83%) from patients without I.B.D. (control group). C. ramosum was also isolated from 6 of 11 biopsy samples (55%) of the inflamed rectal mucosa from patients with ulcerative colitis and from five of 15 samples (33%) from the intact mucosa of the control group. The population levels of C. ramosum in most of the biopsy samples ranged from 2.3 to 5.0 log10 per gram. The IgA protease-positive C. ramosum was found in only four of 135 fecal samples (3%) and one of 15 biopsy samples (6.7%) from the control group. These results indicate that IgA protease-positive C. ramosum is not likely to play a role in the induction of I.B.D., unless the organism is first isolated from the patient with I.B.D. PMID- 3912650 TI - Suppression of phorbol myristate acetate-triggering of macrophage H2O2 release by sarcoma 180 originating factor. AB - A high molecular weight proteinaceous factor in the cell extract of sarcoma 180 (S-180) was found to inhibit phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-triggering of macrophage H2O2 release. This factor (S-180 factor) was stable at 56 C for 1 hr and resistant to ultraviolet-irradiation. The S-180 factor inhibited the specific binding of PMA to macrophages and this was accompanied by a parallel reduction of PMA-triggered H2O2 release. S-180 factor preferentially depressed macrophage H2O2 release in response to phorbol diesters including PMA, 4 beta-phorbol 12 13 beta,13 alpha-diacetate, 4 beta-phorbol 12 beta,13 alpha-didecanoate, 4 beta phorbol 12 beta,13 alpha-dibenzoate, and 4-omicron-methyl-PMA rather than the H2O2 release triggered by wheat germ agglutinin or by phagocytosis of latex particles. The S-180 factor failed to affect the PMA-elicited macrophage cell spreading and macrophage phagocytic activity against latex beads with or without PMA-mediated stimulation. A similar inhibitory factor was found in the extracts of some other murine tumor cells (Ehrlich carcinoma and thymic leukemia) and normal cells (liver, spleen, and peritoneal exudate cells). PMID- 3912651 TI - The role of kynurenines in diabetes mellitus. AB - Although different forms of diabetes are known to exist, there are a number of factors which occur in these states all of which would contribute to an increase in the synthesis of the kynurenine metabolites of tryptophan, xanthurenic acid in particular. Conditions giving rise to increased kynurenine metabolism include pregnancy, oral contraceptives, emotional and metabolic stress. We propose a mechanism by which kynurenines act to reduce the concentration of active insulin in plasma and thus give rise to a diabetic state. PMID- 3912652 TI - [Use of a new individualized clasp for retention and masticatory pressure breakage in partial dentures]. PMID- 3912653 TI - [Midwives of the Sajkas frontier battalion (1773-1872)]. PMID- 3912656 TI - [Investigation on the frequency of 3 congenital malformations in newborn infants in the Vercelli province in the years 1975-1979]. PMID- 3912654 TI - Regulation of cytoplasmic pH in bacteria. PMID- 3912657 TI - [Niflumic acid in otorhynolaryngologic inflammation in childhood. Controlled study versus feprazone]. PMID- 3912658 TI - [Streptococcal infections in childhood. Evaluation of immunologic response]. PMID- 3912659 TI - [Clinical trial of several preparation types of the pancreatic extract Pancrex V in the treatment of cystic fibrosis]. PMID- 3912660 TI - Memoir on the pancreas and on the role of pancreatic juice in digestive processes, particularly in the digestion of neutral fat. By Claude Bernard. 1856. Translated by John Henderson. PMID- 3912662 TI - General index for volumes 321 (1982)-330 (1985). PMID- 3912661 TI - Evaluating a proposed change in a delivery system and reimbursement structure: a case study of planning for a hospital. PMID- 3912663 TI - [Epidemiology of root surface caries, a literature review]. PMID- 3912664 TI - [Long-term bio-incompatibility in hemodialysis]. PMID- 3912655 TI - Molecular biology and genetics of mycoplasmas (Mollicutes). PMID- 3912665 TI - [Transfusions of HLA-A and B compatible blood in kidney transplant candidates]. PMID- 3912666 TI - [Injury of the deep branch of the ulnar nerve]. AB - The authors report the clinical material from the Department of Neurosurgery, WAM in Lodz from the last 11 years including cases of damage to the deep branch of the ulnar nerve. In view of the importance of this branch for the function of the hand, damage to it requires very careful surgical management with autogenous graft. Sometimes this is technically difficult in view of the topographic conditions in this area. Damage to the deep branch of this nerve is usually associated with damage to the sensory part of the ulnar nerve, to the median nerve and tendons of finger flexors. PMID- 3912667 TI - [Cryohypophysectomy in acromegaly and gigantism by the stereotaxic method]. AB - The authors report results of surgical treatment of 30 patients treated by cryohypophysectomy by the stereotactic method through the nose and sphenoid sinus in the years 1967-1979. The material included 28 cases of acromegaly and 2 cases of gigantism. The pathological manifestations in acromegaly and gigantism were analysed for demonstration which of them can regress after surgical treatment. The results of hormonal determinations, particularly the levels of growth hormone, 17-KS and hydroxysteroids, as well as blood glucose curves, were compared before and after cryohypophysectomy and their normalization was observed after the operation. There was principally no need for substitutive treatment after surgical treatment with the exception of 4 cases in which this treatment was given during several postoperative months. The indications to this method of therapy include cases of acromegaly and gigantism with presence of active intrasellar adenomas. Patients should be referred for treatment early before development of skeletal deformities. PMID- 3912668 TI - [Use of the UST-554-5 head attached to the SS-D Aloka ultrasonograph for evaluation of the common carotid artery and its bifurcation]. PMID- 3912669 TI - [Evaluation of the studies of somatosensory evoked potentials in the diagnosis of regional cerebral ischemia]. PMID- 3912670 TI - Influence of neonatal injection of estradiol and testosterone on hypothalamo hypophyseal-gonadal interrelationships and fertility in male rats. PMID- 3912671 TI - Influence of monoamines on content of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone in different regions of the hypothalamus of male rats. PMID- 3912672 TI - Change in insulin secretion soon after ventromedial-hypothalamic lesion. PMID- 3912673 TI - Immunological studies on the distribution of chromogranin A and B in endocrine and nervous tissues. AB - Bovine chromaffin granules contain two major families of acidic proteins, chromogranins A and B. The occurrence of these proteins in endocrine and nervous tissue was investigated by immunoblotting (one- and two-dimensional), and by immunohistochemistry. Immunoblotting revealed that in anterior hypophysis and in splenic nerve from ox, immunologically crossreacting proteins are present which in two-dimensional electrophoresis migrate to the same position as adrenal chromogranins A and B. Smaller proteins derived from chromogranin B by endogenous proteolysis were much less prominent in these tissues when compared with adrenal medulla. Immunohistochemistry performed in rat and bovine tissues established that chromogranin B is present in all cells of the adrenal medulla. It is also found in the anterior hypophysis, the endocrine pancreas, in enterochromaffin and in sympathetic ganglion cells, but e.g. is absent from posterior hypophysis and exocrine tissues. It is concluded that chromogranins A and B have a widespread distribution in endocrine and nervous tissue. Proteolytic processing of chromogranin B in the storage organelles of hypophysis and splenic nerves is apparently slower than that in chromaffin granules. The widespread distribution of the chromogranins resembling that of neuropeptides is a clear indication for some special, yet to be discovered, function. PMID- 3912674 TI - Calcitonin gene-related peptidergic projection from the parabrachial area to the forebrain and diencephalon in the rat: an immunohistochemical analysis. AB - We investigated ascending fiber projections of calcitonin gene-related peptide from the parabrachial area to the forebrain and diencephalon in the rat using immunocytochemistry. Destruction of the lateral portion of the dorsal parabrachial area resulted in a marked ipsilateral decrease in the fibers containing calcitonin gene-related peptide in the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus, indicating that cells containing calcitonin gene-related peptide in the lateral portion of the dorsal parabrachial area projected to the ipsilateral ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus. Destruction of the ventral portion of the parabrachial area resulted in a marked decrease of fibers containing calcitonin gene-related peptide in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, the central amygdaloid nucleus and the lateral hypothalamus just medial to the crus cerebri (the far-lateral hypothalamus), and a less marked decrease in the ventromedial thalamic nucleus. This means that there are projections from cells containing calcitonin gene-related peptide in the ventral portion of the parabrachial area to the first three regions just mentioned, and to some extent to the last. PMID- 3912675 TI - Solitary magnocellular neurons in the homozygous Brattleboro rat have vasopressin and glycopeptide immunoreactivity. AB - A small but distinctive population (about 1 in 600) of magnocellular neurosecretory neurons in homozygous Brattleboro rats are immunoreactive for vasopressin, and a similar number for the carboxy-terminal glycopeptide of the vasopressin prohormone. These solitary cells are found in all animals and in all parts of the magnocellular system, but not in the suprachiasmatic or other hypothalamic nuclei. The majority of the solitary cells do not differ morphologically from the remainder of the magnocellular neurons. The immunoreactivity is markedly denser in the Nissl bodies than in the Golgi region. Serial sections show that the vasopressin and glycopeptide immunoreactive material is co-localized in the same cells, and that these cells are not immunoreactive for oxytocin. A published sequence for the Brattleboro vasopression gene mutation indicates a base-deletion upstream from the glycopeptide-encoding portion, and implies a frameshift that would cause translation of incorrect protein continuing into the poly-A tail of the mRNA. Although this could apply to the majority of the Brattleboro presumptive vasopressin neurons, the co-localization in our solitary cells of material immunoreactive with antibodies to both the amino- and carboxy-terminals of the vasopressin prohormone suggest that in these cases an additional mechanism may be operating. PMID- 3912676 TI - Serotonin immunoreactivity in spinal cord axons and terminals of rodents with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. AB - Spinal cord axons and terminals stained for serotonin-like immunoreactivity were examined in rats and guinea-pigs with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, an animal disease model for multiple sclerosis. During the paraplegic stage of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, many serotonin-positive axons in the ventral and lateral funiculi of both rats and guinea-pigs were found to be grossly distorted, often appearing to end in bulbous enlargements. Serotonin immunoreactive terminal varicosities in the gray matter were swollen and diminished in number in paraplegic rats with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. In addition, the intervaricose segments which were observed in control rats appeared to be missing in rats with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. Depletion of serotonin-positive terminals was much more pronounced in paraplegic guinea-pigs with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis than in rats with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, but those terminals which remained in the guinea-pigs were morphologically similar to those of control guinea-pigs. The greater depletion of serotonin-positive terminals in guinea-pigs may reflect a more severe disease state in this species, as none of the guinea-pigs survived the acute stage of paralysis. As the time period between recovery from paralysis and sacrifice increased in rats with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, serotonin-positive terminals in the gray matter became increasingly more normal in appearance. Even by the first day of recovery, some intervaricose segments could again be observed, and after two weeks of recovery, the terminals were much more numerous and less swollen than during the paraplegic stage of disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3912677 TI - The hypogastric nerve innervates a population of penile neurons in the pelvic plexus. AB - Retrograde dye staining, enkephalin immunocytochemistry and nerve lesion paradigms were used to determine if penile neurons in the pelvic plexus are innervated by fibers in the hypogastric nerve. In the intact major pelvic ganglion of the rat, some 80% of penile neurons are enclosed by an enkephalin positive fiber plexus. Following surgical interruption of the pelvic nerve, 20% of penile neurons were still surrounded by an enkephalin plexus. After interruption of the pelvic nerve and the hypogastric nerve, the enkephalin plexus in the ganglion was virtually absent, including the plexus around penile neurons. Therefore, possible intrinsic sources of the enkephalin fibers such as enkephalin positive principal neurons and small intensely fluorescent cells, do not account for the delicate enkephalin fiber system in the pelvic ganglion. It is concluded that the pelvic nerve is the major source of preganglionic innervation to penile neurons in the major pelvic ganglion. However, it is significant that the hypogastric nerve is preganglionic to about 20% of penile neurons. The pathway through the hypogastric nerve may represent an alternate vasodilator system to penile erectile tissue. PMID- 3912678 TI - Ultrastructural immunocytochemistry of gamma-aminobutyrate in the cerebral and cerebellar cortex of the rat. AB - gamma-Aminobutyrate containing structures in the cerebral and cerebellar cortex of the rat were visualized by an immunocytochemical method using glutaraldehyde fixation and an antiserum developed against a gamma-aminobutyrate-glutaraldehyde protein conjugate. Labelled elements (perikarya and cell processes) were observed to be distributed throughout the layers of the cerebral cortex in a pattern similar to that described using glutamate decarboxylase immunocytochemistry. The morphological features of many immunoreactive cell bodies were typical of stellate neurons. In the cerebellar cortex, Purkinje, basket, Golgi and stellate, cell bodies were found to be immunoreactive along with numerous labelled neuronal processes. At the ultrastructural level, the labelled processes in both areas corresponded to immunoreactive dendrites and fibres. Labelled synaptic boutons, generally of the symmetrical type, could also be seen in contact with positive or negative cell bodies and dendrites. In the cerebellum, glomeruli could be clearly identified including mossy fibres surrounded by unlabelled dendrites in contact with immunoreactive terminals. At the subcellular level in both brain regions, the areas occupied by the Golgi apparatus were never labelled, although the nuclei had varied reactions. The strong glutaraldehyde fixation that limits the diffusion of gamma-aminobutyrate limits also antibody diffusion. However, this fixation is compatible with a good morphological preservation and should enable immunocytochemistry studies to be compared to other methods such as autoradiography. PMID- 3912679 TI - Axovascular relationships in developing median eminence of perinatal rats with special reference to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone projections. AB - Topographical relationships of neurosecretory axons with the capillaries of the primary portal plexus were studied in the median eminence of rats from the 14th fetal till the 9th postnatal day by means of electron microscopy combined with morphometric analysis. Special attention was given to the light and electron microscopic immunocytochemical examination of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone projections to the median eminence. Neurosecretory axons possessing secretory granules and clear microvesicles were first observed in the median eminence at the 14th fetal day. However, all of them were situated at a distance from the primary portal plexus. By the 20th fetal day, neurosecretory axons reached the external basal lamina of the primary portal plexus giving rise to so called axovascular contacts. Some axons even penetrated into the perivascular space, apparently facilitating the neurohormone delivery into the hypophysial portal circulation. From that time on, both the number of the axons abutting on the external basal lamina and the entire area of axovascular contacts increased gradually. As to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone axons, they grew into the median eminence from the 18th fetal day concentrating in older fetuses and neonates either over the primary portal plexus, or around the infundibular recess of the 3rd ventricle. After birth, the concentration and distribution of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone axons within the median eminence became similar to those of adults. Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone axons were found to arise from the neurons of septopreoptic area including the diagonal band of Broca. These data suggest the onset of neurohormone release in the median eminence from the 14th fetal day followed by the establishment of the hypothalamic control over the pituitary functions during the perinatal period in rats. PMID- 3912680 TI - [Obliterative arteriopathy of the legs associated with a vasculopathy of the supra-aortic trunk]. PMID- 3912681 TI - [Clinical flow sonographic and telethermographic evaluation of arteriopathy patients treated with CDP-choline]. PMID- 3912682 TI - [Ultrasound in the diagnosis of adnexal tumefactions]. PMID- 3912683 TI - [Echography in the diagnosis of ovarian teratomas]. PMID- 3912684 TI - Demonstration of gastrin/cholecystokinin-like immunoreactivity in the arcuate nucleus, median eminence and pituitary of the guinea pig. AB - In the brains of colchicine-treated guinea pigs, antibodies directed against the C-terminal sequence of cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) and cross-reacting with gastrin, visualized a dense population of cell bodies in the arcuate nucleus, periportal nerve endings in the external layer of the median eminence and a few fibers in the neurohypophysis. In the adenohypophysis, at least the major part of corticomelanotrophs were labelled. Immunostainings are compared to those reported in the rat. PMID- 3912685 TI - Dopaminergic toxicity of rotenone and the 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion after their stereotaxic administration to rats: implication for the mechanism of 1 methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine toxicity. AB - The 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium ion (MPP+) is the four electron oxidation product of the dopaminergic neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6 tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). MPP+ can be formed by the oxidation of MPTP by monoamine oxidase B to the intermediate dihydropyridinium species, MPDP+, which is spontaneously transformed to MPP+. In the present study, MPP+, like the mitochondrial toxin rotenone, inhibited pyruvate-malate respiration in isolated mitochondrial preparations. Moreover, the stereotaxic administration of both MPP+ and rotenone caused damage to the dopaminergic nigrostriatal pathway. These data clearly demonstrate that a mitochondrial toxin, administered stereotaxically, is extremely neurotoxic. The data lend support to the concept that MPTP-induced neurotoxicity may be due to the detrimental actions of enzymatically formed MPP+ on mitochondrial function. PMID- 3912686 TI - [Bonded bridges. Current status and future developments]. PMID- 3912687 TI - [A current topic: attached gingiva]. PMID- 3912688 TI - Significant contributions to the progress of dentistry during the 20th century. Part two. PMID- 3912689 TI - [Therapy of peritoneal carcinosis with intraperitoneal administration of cis diamminedichloroplatinum and systemic sodium thiosulfate protection. Clinical results of a pilot study and pharmacokinetics]. AB - Six patients with peritoneal carcinosis and ascites received 13 courses of ip cis platinum (c-DDP). C-DDP (170-250 mg in 2L saline, dwell 4 h) was administered via Pig-Tail-Cordis catheter with concurrent infusion of sodium thiosulfate (bolus 7.5 g/m2 followed by 2.13 g/m2/h for 12 h). The patients received pre- and post therapy hydration (250 ml/h) and mannitol-induced diuresis. Courses were given in 4 weekly intervals. With a dwell time of 4 h 27.0% +/- 14.6% (mean +/- SD) of platinum were recovered. Total serum platinum peaked at 3.1 +/- 1.0 microgram/ml. The peritoneal/serum ratio of platinum concentration was 49.5 +/- 12.6 after 1 h, 7.4 +/- 1.7 after 5 h and 4.2 +/- 1.7 after 12 h. Within 12 h 30.9% +/- 10.0% of the administered dose were excreted in urine. In 4 patients the ascites had disappeared lasting 14+, 15+, 5+, 3+ months. 2 patients died within 1 month caused by systemic tumor progression. Following toxicity was observed: 9/13 nausea and vomiting grade 1 (WHO), 2/13 hematological toxicity grade 2, 1/13 sterile peritonitis, no renal or neurological toxicity. This pilot study demonstrates a pharmacokinetic advantage of ip chemotherapy with c-DDP and an effectiveness against peritoneal carcinosis. PMID- 3912690 TI - Granulopoietic progenitor cells (CFU-C) in patients with acute leukemia: a comparison of two different culture techniques. AB - Determination of colony formation has become a powerful tool in investigating hematopoiesis in patients with acute leukemia. Reports in this field, however, are somewhat controversial. This might be due to the use of different stimulation techniques. We compared the conventional feeder-layer technique with a method using human placental conditioned medium (HPCM) for stimulation of colony forming cells (CFU-C) in 31 patients with acute leukemia at various stages of their disease. Statistical analysis showed that the numbers of clusters and colonies determined by each of the methods were comparable and correlated significantly. Thus, in demonstrating granulopoiesis in leukemia patients, each method can be reliably used. The HPCM-technique offers the advantage of better standardization and is more convenient. PMID- 3912691 TI - [Problems of female cancer patients and their coping behavior]. AB - A questionnaire was developed with the aim of gathering basic information relevant to the psychosocial aftercare of cancer patients. The questionnaire deals with concrete everyday problems of breast and genital cancer patients, it allowed moreover an analysis of situation-specific coping strategies. The sample consists of 480 breast and genital cancer patients from various aftercare institutions. The results show a wide distribution of problems in many life situations. The most common problems were specific forms of anxiety, clinical symptoms and household problems. On the other hand, certain problems were identified which, although less common, proved to be extremely stressful for the affected patients. The analysis of different subgroups points to the large relative importance of sociodemographic and aftercare factors in the individual stress profile. With respect to coping behavior, the results show that neither personality-oriented nor situation-specific concepts alone provide an adequate approach. Coping strategies are not general but rather tied in specific ways to personality traits and to the form or degree of the problems. PMID- 3912692 TI - [Surgical tumor reduction in extensive ovarian cancer]. AB - The value of radical resected residual tumors and the involvement of the lymph nodes are discussed on a series of 206 patients with ovarian carcinoma. The following results were achieved: macroscopically no tumor 100 patients; residual tumors smaller than 2 cm 14 patients, residual tumors larger than 3 cm 92 patients. Different chemotherapies were also applied. The survival rate of these groups after 2 years was as follows: 80.5%, 85.7%, 38.6%. After 5 years: 58.7%, 0%, 13.1%. In 48 patients after radical surgery and lymphadenectomy who had no post-operative residual tumors the survival rate was 100%, depending on the involvement of the lymph nodes. PMID- 3912693 TI - [Control of the response of ovarian cancers to cytostatic therapy and the value of the second-look operation]. AB - The importance of a second-look operation (SLO) in 121 patients with ovarian carcinoma stages III and IV from 1979 to 1983 is forthwith discussed. This operation was carried out in 58% of the patients. If no tumor was suspected after chemotherapy (n = 33), this only applied in 19 cases after a SLO. Of the patients in partial remission the preoperative diagnosis was correct in 14 of 21 cases and in no change 4 of 9 cases. Clinically the progress was always diagnosed reliably. Additional removal of residual tumors was successful in 7 of 49 cases (14%). This is only possible in small quantities of residual tumor. An improvement in the prognosis did not occur. Predictions on the right time to carry out a SLO and the purpose of a secondary tumor resection cannot be made. PMID- 3912694 TI - [Chemotherapy of advanced ovarian cancer. Gottingen-Hannover studies]. AB - Patients with ovarian carcinoma stages III and IV were treated with cis-platin (P), adriamycin (A) and cyclophosphamide (C). The total rate of remission in group PC (n = 58) was 86% (CR = 55%), in group PA (n = 48) 65% (CR = 48%) and in group PAC (n = 43) 63% (CR 47%). The number of cycles administered were 8 in PA and PAC, and 5 in PC. Half of the patients survived 18 months (PA), 19 months (PAC) and 21 months (PC) without signs of progression with a survival time of 25 months (PA), 27 months (PAC) and 29 months (PC). In patients who had received primary PA therapy, secondary treatment with combined CPC was carried out. Rate of remission 56%. Treosulphan after PC resulted in 14% remissions, etoposid after CP (n = 38) 11 (29%) remissions. PMID- 3912696 TI - [Round table discussion. Subsequent therapy in complete or partial remission]. PMID- 3912695 TI - [Results of the 1st Austrian ovarian cancer study: prospective randomized comparison of a new sequential chemotherapy with 2 standard regimens in 150 stage III and IV patients]. AB - The results of a randomized trial of 150 patients, who were either treated with 6 cycles of adriamycin (40 mg/m2) and cyclophosphamide (500 mg/m2) or a combination of adriamycin (40 mg/m2) and cis-platin (50 mg/m2) or a combination of a cross over regime: adriamycin (40 mg/my day 1), cisplatin (100 mg/my day 2), vincristine (1.4 mg/m2 day 28), cyclophosphamide (1.500 mg/m2 day 25), methotrexate (1.000 mg/m2 day 56) (a total of 2 cycles) are summarized forthwith. The longest mean survival times were obtained in the cross-over regime (19.6 months). The patients with highly differentiated tumors benefited most from this type of chemotherapy: mean survival time 26.3 months as opposed to 17.6 months. PMID- 3912697 TI - [Secondary chemotherapy in advanced ovarian cancer--new drugs]. AB - The results of secondary chemotherapy in advanced ovarian carcinoma are reviewed. After treatment with alkylants average rates of remission of 40 to 45% are achieved. The duration of remission is about 5 months. The response after treatment with platin is significantly lower. Furthermore, new drugs are summarized. A new class of agents is not identifiable. Advances are to be expected in platin derivates with lower nephrotoxicity rates. PMID- 3912698 TI - [Hormone therapy in progressive and recurrent ovarian cancer]. AB - Estrogen receptors are detectable in an average of 64.5%, progesterone receptors in 49.7% of patients with ovarian carcinoma. But these receptors can also be found in normal ovarian tissue. Response rates of hormonal therapies between 0 and 38% are found in 8 published papers. This corresponds to a mean response rate of 16.5%. Remission rates of 4 to 15% are to be expected under high-dose gestagen therapy. It would seem that hormonal drugs should be applied to improve the general condition and due to psychological reasons. PMID- 3912699 TI - Seckel's syndrome with pseudopolycoria. AB - A case of Seckel's bird headed dwarfism is described in which ultrasonography was performed. Short axial lengths of the globes were measured as well as uniocular flattening of the corneal curvature. Iris holes with pseudopolycoria were also noted. To the author's knowledge, this is the first report on a case in which there is a combination of Seckel's syndrome with pseudopolycoria and in which ultrasonography was performed. PMID- 3912700 TI - Epidemiological study of hemolytic streptococci in pupils in seven prefectures in Japan. PMID- 3912701 TI - [Zaditen (ketotifen) in the treatment of hay fever and vasomotor rhinitis]. PMID- 3912702 TI - [The first description of verrucous carcinoma of the larynx]. PMID- 3912703 TI - Malaria. Overview of the global and regional situation. PMID- 3912704 TI - Protective immunity to malaria: studies with cloned lines of Plasmodium chabaudi and P. berghei in CBA/Ca mice. I. The effectiveness and inter- and intra-species specificity of immunity induced by infection. AB - CBA/Ca mice were immunized by infection with cloned lines of Plasmodium berghei (isolates ANKA, KSP-11). Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi (AS, CB) or Plasmodium chabaudi adami (DS) and then challenged with either homologous or heterologous parasites. Protective responses were assessed in immune mice relative to the controls by their ability to (i) extend the time taken for the mean parasitaemia to reach a predetermined level (1% or 0.1%) (ii) reduce peak parasitaemia (iii) resolve the parasitaemia sooner and/or (iv) control or eliminate recrudescences. At both the inter- and intra-species level, immunity appeared largely specific for the cloned line inducing it. At the interspecies level marginally effective cross-immunity was sometimes evident, thus P. berghei KSP-11 immune mice displayed some immunity against P.c. chabaudi AS, although immunity to this parasite was relatively ineffective against P. berghei ANKA or KSP-11. Cross immunity was more apparent between the subspecies P.c. adami and P.c. chabaudi and between cloned lines of the latter parasite derived from the AS and CB isolates. These data reflect considerable inter- and intra-species structural and immunogenic differences in certain antigens of parasitized erythrocytes and merozoites, which have been identified in a number of murine malarias and associated with protective immunity. Similar differences recently identified in the equivalent antigens of the human parasite P. falciparum may therefore have important implications for protective immunity in man. PMID- 3912705 TI - Monoclonal anti-gamete antibodies prevent transmission of murine malaria. AB - Three monoclonal antibodies prepared using spleen cells from mice immunized with microgametes of Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis were tested for their ability to block transmission of the infection. Two of them agglutinated microgametes and blocked transmission, this effect being antibody-dose dependent. The third monoclonal used alone was ineffective in both these assays although it stained gametocytes and microgametes by immunofluorescence in the same way as the protective monoclonals. However, when it was administered in combination with one of the protective monoclonals the transmission blocking immunity was enhanced significantly, indicating a synergistic effect of the two antibodies. PMID- 3912706 TI - [Problem of the in vitro sensitivity to cefamandole of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus]. AB - In work involving 127 strains of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus, belonging to two resistance categories, homogeneous or RO and heterogeneous or RH and using five cephalosporins, cefalotin, cefazolin, cefamandole, cefotaxime and latamoxef, the authors compared the results of their in vitro sensitivity measurements with two methods: agar disk diffusion and growth inhibition in liquid medium (Autobac). They also compared the MIC values with a significant fraction (19 strains). In order to detect heterogeneous resistance experiments were carried out in duplicate, with one series grown in hypertonic medium and incubated for 48 heures at 37 degrees C, or grown on normal medium with lower incubation at 30 degrees C. In both defined techniques and in vitro, it was observed that the 127 methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains except one were sensitive to cefamandole and that 26 were also sensitive to cefalotin. Considerable caution is necessary in the in vivo transposition of these findings. May be present media are not able to allow growth of resistant strains to cefamandole. PMID- 3912707 TI - [Cross antigenicity between human arterial tissue and various germs]. AB - Cross antigenicity was demonstrated between human arterial tissue and enterobacteriaceae, some streptococcus strains or some viruses, using the indirect immunoenzymatic test. Absorption of antigerm antisera by the glycoproteins of either the human serum or aorta suggested that a glycoprotein or some fragment of it acted as a target-antigen or target-epitope for the investigated antibodies and that these antibodies might attack human arterial tissue. PMID- 3912708 TI - [Abstracts of communications presented at the annual meeting of the Foundation for Research in Hormonology. 31 January 1985]. PMID- 3912709 TI - [Comparison of conditions for immunodetection of antigens using monoclonal antibodies after electrotransfer on nitrocellulose membrane]. AB - Solubilized human sperm proteins are separated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under reducing conditions, electrophoretically blotted onto a nitrocellulose sheet and their antigenicity probed with 5 monoclonal antibodies. Bound proteins are exposed to different nonionic detergents and a comparative study is reported. The use of 0.05% Tween 20 or 0.05% Nonidet P-40 in the blocking and washing buffers and in the immunoprobes causes variations in the patterns of 3 monoclonal antibodies. Washing buffers containing either 0.1% of detergent (Tween 20, Nonidet P-40, Triton X-100) or different concentrations (0.05, 0.1, 0.4%) of Tween 20 remove prebound proteins from the nitrocellulose membrane. Nitrocellulose strips processed with different detergents lack different immunoreactive bands. The 5 monoclonal antibodies recognize degraded antigens and endogeneous proteolysis changes the antibody patterns. PMID- 3912710 TI - [Effect of tamoxifen and estrogens on breast cancer cell lines: MCF-7 and R-27, and on the uterus and vagina of fetal and newborn guinea-pigs]. AB - The action of tamoxifen was studied in two models: in breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and R-27. The latter is resistant to tamoxifen; 2) in the uterus and vagina of guinea pig during the perinatal period. In the breast cancer cell line MCF-7 tamoxifen blocks the proliferation of the cells and in the R-27 it does not antagonize the effects provoked by estrogens. However, in this cell line tamoxifen provokes a significant alteration of the ultrastructures. In the uterus and vagina of guinea pig (fetal and newborn) tamoxifen acts as a real estrogen and it does not block the effects provoked by estrogens. PMID- 3912711 TI - Detection of Toxoplasma-specific IgM in cord blood sera by antibody-class capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. AB - An antibody class capture (ACC) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) utilizing an F(ab)2 conjugate was established and its specificity and reproducibility were determined. The test was further validated by comparing its results with those obtained by 2 overseas reference laboratories which used the indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IIFT) for Toxoplasma-specific IgM. It was found that the F(ab)2ACC-ELISA was not affected by the presence of rheumatoid and antinuclear factor in serum, that it was reproducible (coefficients of variation less than 10.0%), and that it compared well with tests currently used overseas. ELISA was then used to test for the presence of Toxoplasma-specific IgM in cord blood sera. The results obtained to date are consistent with the hypothesis that the prevalence of congenital toxoplasmosis in the population of Adelaide is less than 1/2,000. PMID- 3912712 TI - Multicentric reticulohistiocytosis: a report of a case and a review of the pathology. AB - A case of multicentric reticulohistiocytosis (MR) in a 24-yr-old woman is presented. MR is a rare disorder characterized by progressive polyarthropathy and a papulo-nodular skin rash. The diagnosis was established by histological examination of biopsies of erythematous nodules on the fingers which showed circumscribed collections of large mononuclear cells and multinucleate giant cells in the reticular dermis. These were embedded in a fine network of mature fibrous tissue with a scanty lymphocytic infiltrate. Histochemical, immunopathological and ultrastructural investigations confirmed that the large mononuclear cells had the properties of macrophages. The histopathological features of MR are reviewed in the light of current knowledge of macrophage physiology, and evidence for lymphocyte-histiocyte interactions in the pathogenesis of this bizarre granulomatous disorder is presented. PMID- 3912713 TI - Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy, a report of 2 cases in Chinese. AB - Two Chinese patients with sinus histiocytosis and massive lymphadenopathy are reported. The results of enzyme and immunohistochemical studies are presented. PMID- 3912714 TI - The influence of nutritional and cultural factors on CAMP factor production by group B streptococci. AB - Twelve group B streptococci were examined for their capacity to produce CAMP factor in liquid culture media in which the carbohydrate type and concentration and/or the buffering capacity of the media were altered. The effects of these variations of media content on CAMP factor production were determined and related to effects on growth yield and pH changes during growth. For 9 of the 12 strains tested higher CAMP factor titres were obtained in maltose broth than in glucose broth, and accompanying changes in pH were greater and more rapid in glucose containing media. It is suggested that the lesser pH changes occurring during growth in maltose broth may be the mechanism whereby higher CAMP titres were obtained with these strains. The influence of carbohydrate type was not observed with the remaining 3 strains tested, but maximum CAMP factor yields were obtained in the presence of maltose and non-inhibitory concentrations of buffer. CAMP factor production for all strains of GBS may be increased by the addition of maltose and buffer to standard media. PMID- 3912715 TI - [Methodological problems of nosology in postresuscitation disease]. PMID- 3912716 TI - [CCl4 resistance of the liver after endotoxin and prodigiozan stimulation]. PMID- 3912717 TI - [Generalized Shwartzman phenomenon and endotoxic shock (similarities and differences)]. PMID- 3912718 TI - [Fibronectins: structure, functions, potential applied aspects]. PMID- 3912719 TI - Serum beta-2 microglobulin in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. AB - Serum-beta-2-microglobulin was measured by radioimmunoassay in 25 patients with chronic lymphocellular leukaemia in stages III-IV according to the Rai classification. A significant positive correlation was found between the absolute lymphocyte count and the serum-beta-2-microglobulin level. No similar relationship was observed between the score indicative of organ infiltration and the beta-2-microglobulin valve. On the evidence of the results, the increased production of beta-2-microglobulin is attributed in the first place to the circulating lymphocytes. The assay has been found to provide a reliable indicator, suitable for the monitoring and evaluation of therapy. PMID- 3912720 TI - Children's human figure drawings and impulsive style at two levels of socioeconomic status. AB - The relationship between children's reflection-impulsivity styles and their human figure drawings was examined for a sample of Mexican children of middle (n = 97) and low (n = 110) socioeconomic status. Drawings were scored for Developmental, Emotional, and Impulsivity indicators. As in previous research with American preschoolers, the drawings of 23 Mexican preschoolers did not correlate with the styles; however, significant relationships between the styles and Impulsivity scores of older children of low status (n = 87) were also found, suggesting that, when a higher-level of impulsivity is present in a population, a relationship between styles and drawings may be observed. The findings for low-status preschoolers, even their higher Impulsivity scores, support the notion that Kagan's measure of impulsivity is not appropriate for use with younger children. PMID- 3912722 TI - Training for the Olympic Games with mind and body: two cases. AB - The fine-tuning effect and its enhancement of athletic competition are discussed. Presented are two case studies utilizing tailored programs of visualization, creative imagery, and relaxation techniques. The author provides a three-step program: refined training procedure, information search and a better understanding of athlete/therapist collaboration. Use of positive replacement imagery is described as an adjunct to the fine tuning effect. PMID- 3912721 TI - Correlation of field independence with ability to reduce muscle tension and anxiety. AB - Data for 30 male and 30 female undergraduates suggest field independence/dependence seems to have little effect on adults' use of relaxation techniques. While scores on trait anxiety were not affected, groups given biofeedback and progressive relaxation scored significantly lower in state anxiety by the third session. PMID- 3912723 TI - Psychological scaling of speech by students in training compared to that by experienced speech-language pathologists. AB - Direct magnitude estimation was the psychological rating technique for obtaining ratings of severity of the speech of 16 cerebral palsied dysarthric speakers. The ratings of students in training (inexperienced) were compared to those of experienced speech-language pathologists. For this method and this communication disorder, students' ratings were comparable to those of the professionals. PMID- 3912724 TI - [Implant-prosthetic care of the edentulous atrophied mandible using intra-mobile cylinder implants]. PMID- 3912725 TI - [Optical aids in oral medicine. Work precision and documentation]. PMID- 3912726 TI - [Efficacy of intravenous digital abdominal subtraction angiography with use of dopamine]. PMID- 3912727 TI - [Hyperthermia in cancer treatment: present status and future prospects]. PMID- 3912728 TI - [Sonographic localization of enlarged parathyroid glands in primary hyperparathyroidism]. PMID- 3912729 TI - [Prevention of graft versus host disease by in vitro immunodepletion of the graft]. PMID- 3912730 TI - [1st seminar of the Study Group on Bone Marrow Grafting on immunodepletion in the prevention of the graft-vs-host reaction. Marseilles, France, 4-6 October 1984. Abstracts]. PMID- 3912731 TI - [Scintigraphy with radioiodinated meta-iodobenzylguanidine in the diagnosis of neuroblastoma]. AB - 19 patients with histologically verified neuroblastoma (n = 18) or suspected of suffering from neuroblastoma (n = 1) were investigated 35 times using 123I- or 131I-labelled meta-iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scintigraphy. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the accuracy of MIBG imaging in comparison to other diagnostic procedures. X-ray or sonographical procedures depicted 40 neuroblastoma manifestations (primary tumours and metastatic deposits), 36 of these (90%) were found by MIBG scintigraphy. Out of 63 primary neuroblastomas and metastatic deposits, depicted by MIBG scintigraphy, 40 (63%) were detected by corresponding sonographic or x-ray procedures. The 23 neuroblastoma lesions solely depicted by MIBG scans were mainly (87%) situated in the skeletal system. In 12 patients biopsy of the bone marrow confirmed the scintigraphic findings (9 times true positive, 3 times true negative). Three times bone marrow infiltration was not recognized by MIBG scintigraphy. False positive results were not observed. 13 patients were examined before and after chemotherapy; scintigraphic results corresponded to therapy results. Because of the pronounced physiological MIBG uptake by liver tissue, detection of intrahepatic or perihepatic tumour involvement may be difficult. MIBG imaging seems not to be suitable for detecting minimal bone marrow infiltration by neuroblastoma. It is a safe and noninvasive procedure for locating a wide range of neuroblastoma lesions. Its main diagnostic advantage in comparison to x-ray procedures lies in the detection of bone marrow infiltration. PMID- 3912732 TI - [Possibilities of the prevention and treatment of pulmonary emphysema in the light of the "proteolytic" theory of its pathogenesis]. PMID- 3912733 TI - [Multicenter trials of a new cephalosporin (ceftriaxone) in childhood]. AB - AA. have tested a new drug (Ceftriaxone) on 40 children affected by upper and lower respiratory tract infectious diseases. As shown by results, this new drug has been remarkably effective and easy to use since it may be administered once in a day; moreover, the tested drug has not caused any kind of tissue or parenchymal involvement. PMID- 3912735 TI - The effect of grenz rays on psoriasis lesions of the scalp: a double blind bilateral trial. AB - Sixteen patients with symmetrical psoriasis lesions of the scalp were treated with grenz rays. In a double blind fashion, one side of the scalp was irradiated with 4 Gy of grenz rays applied on 6 occasions at intervals of 1 week, and the other side of the scalp was given placebo treatment. The patients were seen before and after X-ray therapy. A significantly (P less than 0.0001) better therapeutic result was recorded on the side of the scalp which had received active grenz ray therapy. In 14 of the 16 patients there was complete healing on the grenz ray-treated side after 6 wk of treatment. Nine patients were still free of lesions of the scalp 3 months after the start of the grenz ray therapy. PMID- 3912734 TI - Eicosanoids in skin UV inflammation. AB - Several studies have implicated the eicosanoids as mediator substances in different types of UV inflammation. In human UV erythema, various arachidonic acid metabolites--mainly cyclooxygenase products--have been detected, particularly in skin exudates. The concentration and the sequence of release of the various eicosanoids vary in relation to the time course and the various types of UV-induced erythema. UVB, UVC but not UVA erythema at its maximum was only to some extent inhibited by indomethacin despite almost complete inhibition of the synthesis of prostaglandins E2 and F2 alpha. A major issue cannot, as yet, be answered satisfactorily: are one or a number of eicosanoids per se causing the erythema or are they only passive bystanders released by damage to cellular structures? Until further evidence has been provided, the causative role of E and F prostaglandins in relation to development of UV erythema is doubtful. By contrast, PGI2 is a more likely candidate in this respect, being synthesized and released close to the events occurring in the vessel walls. The lipoxygenase pathway is still too unexplored for proper evaluation with regard to a role in the pathogenesis, but the pharmacological properties of leukotrienes and hydroxy fatty acids may qualify them as potential candidates alone or in a concert of mediator events occurring during the developments of UV inflammation. PMID- 3912736 TI - [Tasks of clinical psychologists on the therapeutic team outside psychiatric health services]. PMID- 3912737 TI - Microfilaria in oral cytological smears. Report of 2 cases. PMID- 3912738 TI - An evaluation of cefoxitin in the prevention of postoperative infections following orthopedic surgical procedures. AB - An open, nonrandomized study of 25 patients was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of cefoxitin in the prevention of postoperative infection following orthopedic surgical procedures. Cefoxitin was administered in a 2 g dose preoperatively and continued postoperatively at a dose of 2 g every six hours for 72 hours. The mean peak serum level achieved ten minutes after the preoperative dose was 153.7 mcg/ml. The mean bone level in samples taken during the procedure was 10.14 mcg/ml. All patients were monitored postoperatively and at intervals of six weeks, four months and six months for signs of early or late morbidity. No signs of major morbidity were observed in the study group. PMID- 3912739 TI - Salah Eddin external fixation system: a bone slider and compressor. AB - This study involves 65 patients with severe war injuries to the extremities where all conventional and available lines of treatment have failed or a decision of amputation has been made. Twelve humeri, 45 tibiae and eight femura were studied. The sliding system was used on 39 patients and the compressor system on 26 patients. In the sliding system, gaps ranged from 2 cm to 12 cm. In the compressor system established nonunion, failed bone graft operations, infected pseudarthrosis and gaps less than 2 cm were studied. Salah Eddin external fixation systems, both sliding and compressor, were found to be efficient, biomechanically adequate, easy to apply and remove and able to replace considerable gaps with no risks of open surgery. PMID- 3912740 TI - A histopathologic comparison of the tissue reaction to prosthetic materials in the knee joint of rats. AB - The five kinds of prosthetic materials: powders of cobalt alloy, stainless steel, alumina ceramic, HDP plastic and bone cement, were injected to the knee joints of 16 rats for each material. Two controls were used, one with saline solution and the other untreated. Some of the rats were sacrificed at one week, being left untreated. Some of the rats were sacrificed at one, four, 12 and 25 weeks after injection. The knee joints of these rats were taken out for a histopathologic study. The main changes were fibrosis and granulation due to foreign bodies, but no remarkable change in the degree of tissue reactions was observed within each material group, nor did the length of period have any effect thereon. Comparing the degree of the above changes caused by each material in the tissue, ceramic powder showed the most significant change, followed by bone cement, HDP, stainless steel and cobalt alloy powder, in that order. No tumorous condition was observed. PMID- 3912741 TI - Limb salvage in primary malignant bone tumors. AB - Advances in adjuvant chemotherapy and improvements in techniques of oncologic reconstruction have stimulated renewed interest in limb saving operation for malignant bone tumors. Between 1970 and 1981, 160 patients underwent local resection for malignant osseous lesions at the Mayo Clinic. This included 102 patients with chondrosarcoma, 44 with osteosarcoma, and 14 with fibrosarcoma. Ninety-three of the lesions were stage I and 67 were stage II. The overall local recurrence rate was 11.8%. The reconstructive procedures were effective in providing adequate functional restoration. Limb sparing operation is a valid viable option in carefully selected patients with malignant bone tumors. A continued search for effective adjuvant treatment programs is necessary. PMID- 3912742 TI - A biological approach to the restoration of skeletal continuity following en bloc excision of bone tumors. PMID- 3912743 TI - The UCLA experience in limb salvage surgery for malignant tumors. AB - Between December 1980 and January 1985, 95 patients with 98 malignant bone tumors were treated at UCLA by a multidisciplinary approach. Seventy-eight patients with 81 lesions underwent primary limb salvage procedures utilizing 66 custom endoprostheses and, in 15 instances, soft tissue reconstruction alone. Sixty three of 78 (80.7%) underwent successful limb salvage without complication. The 22 local complications in 15 patients (19.2%) were all successfully managed either by surgical or nonoperative techniques salvaging all 15 extremities at risk. Seventeen patients underwent primary amputation for local control of their tumor. The local recurrence rate of 6.4% in the limb salvage group is comparable to the 5.8% found in the amputation group. The selection of patients for limb salvage did not adversely prejudice these patients in terms of rates of progression or ultimate survivorship. The cosmetic and functional results of limb sparing surgery is felt to be at least comparable with that obtained by primary amputation and the use of external prostheses. PMID- 3912744 TI - Limb salvage in bone sarcomas--Memorial Hospital experience. PMID- 3912745 TI - Modular prosthetic system for segmental bone and joint replacement after tumor resection. AB - The increased interest in limb saving resection for malignant bone tumors emphasizes the need for continued research and development to improve techniques of oncological reconstruction. The bioengineer plays an important role on the limb salvage team. At the present time, custom joint implants are opening up new horizons in rehabilitation of patients following resection of bone tumors. In the future, modular prosthetic systems such as the system described will eliminate the need for individual, customized manufacture of prostheses and will make these oncological reconstructive techniques more available. PMID- 3912747 TI - [Riboflavin-binding proteins]. PMID- 3912746 TI - Immunohistochemical study of neuroblastoma and related tumors with anti-S-100 protein antibody. AB - Histological sections of 36 cases of neuroblastoma and related tumors were studied with anti-S-100 protein antibody (PAP method). Schwann cells in the ganglioneuromas and ganglioneuroblastomas always strongly stained. In addition, varying numbers of spindle-shaped or elongated positively staining cells, which were probably Schwann cells and their precursor cells, were demonstrated in ganglioneuroblastoma and differentiating neuroblastoma. Undifferentiated round cell neuroblastoma showed no reaction. Immunohistochemical findings of these cases were classified into four groups (+ +, +, +/-, -) according to the number of the positive cells and compared with prognosis, histological typing, location of the tumors, stage, and age at surgery. The cases with many positive cells, group (+ +) showed excellent prognosis, and group (-) showed very poor prognosis. The results of this study indicate that S-100 protein staining provides a reliable objective method for evaluation of differentiation of the neuroblastoma cells toward Schwann cells, which appears to be an important factor to predict prognosis. PMID- 3912748 TI - [Histone acetylation]. PMID- 3912749 TI - Intestinal pseudo-obstruction--a review. PMID- 3912751 TI - Peripheral vascular disease. PMID- 3912750 TI - The nephrotic syndrome. PMID- 3912752 TI - The privatization of medical care--caveat medicus! PMID- 3912753 TI - Field trials to test the efficacy of polyvalent Marek's disease vaccines in layer and broiler breeder chickens. AB - As a follow-up to earlier trials to evaluate the efficacy of polyvalent Marek's disease (MD) vaccines in broilers, four trials were conducted with layer or broiler breeder flocks. Chickens caccinated with trivalent (Md11/75C plus SB-1 plus HVT) and bivalent (SB-1 plus HVT) vaccines were compared with those vaccinated with turkey herpesvirus (HVT) alone. Data from three of the four trials indicated polyvalent vaccines were more efficacious than HVT. However, critical interpretations were confounded by low MD lesion frequencies, unequal exposure in different houses on a farm, and difficulty in the differential diagnosis of mortality due to neoplasms. The data confirmed our earlier observation that trivalent and bivalent vaccines were equally effective. Broiler progeny of breeders vaccinated or contact-infected with Serotype 2 MD virus were well protected by either bivalent or HVT vaccines against challenge with very virulent MD virus strains in the laboratory. A high incidence of lymphoid leukosis was observed in two trials and may have been due to post-hatch exposure to an unidentified environmental source of avian leukosis virus. PMID- 3912754 TI - [Bridge construction: difficult cases and their management]. PMID- 3912755 TI - [Abutment design and its effects on denture retention and strength]. PMID- 3912756 TI - [Choice of abutments in view of the condition of the periodontium]. PMID- 3912757 TI - [Bridge design: management of difficult cases]. PMID- 3912758 TI - [Bridge design in difficult defect cases]. PMID- 3912759 TI - [3 cases of extension bridges]. PMID- 3912760 TI - [Polyphase functional telescope crown (PFT crown)]. PMID- 3912761 TI - [Evaluation of the effect of rotary tools in the preparation of hard dental tissues using SEM]. PMID- 3912762 TI - [Imaging methods in pneumology]. PMID- 3912763 TI - Carbamazepine in treatment and prophylaxis of manic-depressive disorder. AB - The review presents 23 studies on the action of carbamazepine (CZP) in manic depressive disorder, some of these studies being double-blind investigations, others open investigations and some anecdotal reports. Surveys of therapeutic as well as prophylactic effects in manias and depressions are presented. There seems to be a definite antimanic and a less expressed but indubitable antidepressant therapeutic effect of CZP, and a considerable prophylactic effect in mania as well as depression, an effect which is possibly a little less than that of lithium. It must, however, be stressed that this conclusion is based on a number of different and heterogeneous studies which have been combined. In addition 5 cases are presented concerning rapid cycling cases with early onset of the disorder and without response to or bad compliance with lithium. In spite of the clinical similarity of these cases the effect of CZP was good in 3 and poor in 2 of the 5 cases presented. PMID- 3912764 TI - Old familiar faces: some aspects of the asylum era in Britain, Part II. AB - The paper continues a review of clinical conditions and dilemmas which featured in Asylum practice during the years 1850-1950 in Britain. The rise and fall of 'Physiognomy' as a diagnostic aid and as an indicator of quality of asylum care is outlined. The problem of incontinence and the use of the ice cold douche as a therapeutic intervention in this and other forms of 'indolence or perversion' is reviewed from the writings of those who expressed opinions of these subjects at the time. Likewise, Destructive Behaviour, which was dealt with by means of 'strong clothes', presented a familiar problem. As in Part I of this review, the author concludes with a discussion of the causes and consequences of the changing faces of conditions seen in psychiatric hospitals. Viewed from the present, the changing nature of asylum insanity is apt to be forgotten and adverse judgment is apt to be applied to past practices. PMID- 3912765 TI - Chemotherapy for locally advanced lung cancer: rationale and issues. PMID- 3912766 TI - Chemotherapy-based multi-modality therapy of esophageal cancer. PMID- 3912767 TI - The rationale for the use of preoperative chemotherapy. AB - A considerable amount of experimental and clinical data support the idea that there is a strong relationship between tumor mass and potential curability by chemotherapy. Malignancies for which there could be no realistic expectation of cure when treated at the advanced stage, may be quite sensitive to cure if the treatment can be initiated at a time when the tumor burden is very small. The somatic mutation model of drug resistance and cancer chemotherapeutic effect predicts a steep relationship between tumor burden and curability. One clinical implication of such a relationship is that the time period over which a significant proportion of individual cases would move from a position of curability to incurability may be substantially shorter than what one would intuitively expect. This argues for the earliest feasible utilization of appropriate chemotherapy as part of adjuvant treatment programs. This introduces a component of urgency into establishing a correct diagnosis and commencing appropriate anticancer drug treatment. Such measures may have the potential for increasing cure rates in a variety of human solid tumors for which adjuvant chemotherapy is deemed an appropriate technique. With the demonstration of the relative safety of such approaches then many of the ethical concerns about the early use of chemotherapy can be assuaged. One of the attractions of the method of preoperative chemotherapy is that it offers the possibility of improving cure rates in a variety of common human malignancies without developing new classes of antineoplastic drug or entirely novel treatment approaches. The prompt institution of chemotherapy during the perioperative period may have greater impact on the natural history of the disease than much more aggressive and complex treatment utilized in the later stages. PMID- 3912768 TI - Neoadjuvant-preoperative-chemotherapy for breast cancer--preliminary report of the Vancouver trial. PMID- 3912769 TI - Cytochrome P-450 dependent pathways in corticosteroid hormones biosynthesis. PMID- 3912770 TI - [Thoracic complications caused by catheterization of the superior vena cava system]. AB - The authors report on 8 observations of respiratory complications, following catheterization of the superior caval system. They mention its clinical features, the seriousness of its development and the diagnostic procedure. The symptomatic treatment is based on the evacuation of the extravasation and the withdrawal of the catheter. Sometimes there has to be recourse to surgery. Finally, the authors emphasize the need for prevention of such typically iatrogenous complications. PMID- 3912771 TI - European symposium--photomorphogenesis in plants. 1985, Wageningen, April 15-19. Dedicated to the memory of Warren L. Butler. PMID- 3912772 TI - Warren L. Butler, 1925-1984. PMID- 3912773 TI - Metabolically-produced 'UV-like' DNA damage and its role in spontaneous mutagenesis. PMID- 3912774 TI - Department of Physiology and Biophysics at University of Kentucky. PMID- 3912775 TI - Department of Physiology and Biophysics at University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center. PMID- 3912776 TI - History of Physiology at The Ohio State University. PMID- 3912777 TI - Pathophysiology of temperature regulation. PMID- 3912778 TI - Muscle atrophy during space flight: research needs and opportunities. PMID- 3912779 TI - The influence of reproductive state on infanticide by wild female house mice (Mus musculus). AB - The majority of female mice (Mus musculus) from laboratory stocks are spontaneously parental. In contrast, the majority of adult wild female house mice exhibit infanticide (the killing of preweanling young), but the frequency with which infanticide is observed varies as a function of age and reproductive state. Prepubertal females were less likely to exhibit infanticide (39%) than were adult virgin females (61%). The frequency of infanticide increased during pregnancy, with over 90% of females exhibiting infanticide just before parturition. But, after parturition, previously infanticidal females cared for their own litters. When lactating female mice were tested after two days of separation from their own nursing young for their behavior toward a novel newborn pup on either the tenth or twenty-fifth day after parturition, the proportion of the females that exhibited infanticide was not significantly different from that of adult virgin females (about 60%). After only two hours of separation from their own nursing young on the tenth day after parturition, however, all females continued to exhibit parental behavior toward a novel pup. PMID- 3912780 TI - Flavor avoidance expressed in grooming by pine voles (Microtus pinetorum): importance of context and hormonal factors. AB - Pine voles (Microtus pinetorum) were given sipper tubes containing saccharin solution, and after drinking, were injected with 0.15 M LiCl. Subsequently, two sipper tests were given to assure the presence of conditioned flavor avoidance (CFA), and then animals were presented with saccharin in carboxymethyl-cellulose on their own fur (autogrooming), or on the fur of cagemates (allogrooming). CFA was expressed in two-sipper tests, and during allogrooming of material from a cagemate's fur, but not during autogrooming. Failure to express CFA during autogrooming was associated with high circulating levels of corticosterone and cortisol, steroids implicated in behavioral arousal. These results are consistent with previous work showing that rats and mice will ingest flavors while grooming that they would otherwise avoid. We speculate that our findings provide a plausible explanation for the successful use of grooming to increase the ingestion of unpalatable toxicants. PMID- 3912781 TI - [Diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents]. PMID- 3912782 TI - Extrachromosomal DNA in eucaryotes. AB - Eucaryotic extrachromosomal DNAs have been organized into four major classes: (1) Organelle DNAs, (2) plasmid DNAs, (3) amplified genes, and (4) intermediates and/or by-products of DNA transpositions and rearrangements. In this review some of the relatively well-characterized members of each class are described; it is suggested that many of them reflect the complexity and plasticity of eucaryotic genomes. PMID- 3912783 TI - Conserved regions at the DNA primase locus of IncP alpha and IncP beta plasmids. AB - Genes specifying DNA primases (pri) are common in all IncP plasmids examined so far. These plasmids suppress the thermosensitive character of the Escherichia coli dnaG3 mutation. The mechanism of suppression appears to be identical to that known for RP4 and IncI alpha plasmids. The DNA primases of both these plasmid types can substitute for the dnaG protein in chromosomal DNA replication. The pri genes of the alpha and beta subgroup of IncP plasmids are related to each other as judged from Southern hybridization and immunological data. Extensive DNA and protein sequence homology has been detected although the gene products of the alpha and beta subgroups exhibit substantial differences in size. The arrangement of overlapping genes at the pri locus of IncP alpha plasmids also appears to be present in the IncP beta group. PMID- 3912784 TI - [Measuring marital adaptation]. PMID- 3912785 TI - [The real wealth of Dr. Danuta Laskowska--"omnia mea mecum porto"]. PMID- 3912786 TI - [Development of the concept of schizophrenia in the United States. II. The paranoid reaction]. PMID- 3912787 TI - Effects of progressive relaxation on epilepsy: analysis of a series of cases. PMID- 3912788 TI - Relaxation-induced anxiety: additional findings. PMID- 3912789 TI - A critique of contributions to the alexithymia symposium. AB - This paper reviews the contributions of Paulson, Demers-Desrosiers and Freyberger et al. to the symposium on alexithymia. Two of these papers discuss strategies for measurement of alexithymia, using established instruments as well as a recently introduced projective test designed to measure one's ability to symbolize. The third paper discusses a treatment approach which is based upon psychodynamic principles, yet has novel and practical modifications in technique. The papers are discussed as clinical contributions to alexithymia research and are critically reviewed in regard to methodology. I contend that much research in alexithymia has not given sufficient attention to research design, thus confusing our understanding and application of the concept. PMID- 3912790 TI - Patients' expectations from renal grafting and transplantation outcome. AB - Prevailing reports on psychological prediction of renal graft integration are rare, mostly based on case studies. Focusing on patients' expectations from the transplantation process before grafting, we investigate the influence of psychological data and statements on the final transplantation results. In the whole group (n = 83) the attitude toward transplantation was very optimistic. Comparing the features of patients with successful graft outcome (n = 23) and graft failure or patient's death (n = 10) the latter group shows: lower scale values of optimistic attitude toward transplantation outcome, higher level of fear concerning surgical treatment, less willingness to agree preoperatively to second transplantation in case of first graft failure. Psychological data indicate a greater tendency toward more submissive, rigid, and depressive behavior. It is assumed that the patient's attitude and expectation on grafting is a part of the conditions influencing the final transplantation result. Further studies should prove this concept. PMID- 3912791 TI - Limited resources and the treatment of end-stage renal failure in Britain and the United States. PMID- 3912792 TI - Retroperitoneal fibrosis caused by carcinoid tumour. AB - This report describes a 33-year-old woman who presented with renovascular hypertension secondary to retroperitoneal fibrosis, associated with a carcinoid tumour with widespread metastases. Although the association is rare, it is important to consider carcinoid tumour as a cause of idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis, even in the absence of the carcinoid syndrome. PMID- 3912793 TI - The conquest of smallpox. PMID- 3912794 TI - Mucormycosis in renal transplant patients--a report of two cases and review of the literature. AB - Mucormycosis is a rare complication of diabetic ketoacidosis and immunosuppressed states, such as those occurring after renal transplantation. We describe two cases of mucormycosis in renal allograft recipients and present a review of similar cases previously reported. An analysis of these data suggests that renal transplant patients with concomitant diabetes mellitus are most susceptible to developing this complication. PMID- 3912795 TI - Long-term use of cyclosporin in liver grafting. AB - The clinical course of 29 liver graft recipients in the Cambridge/King's College Hospital series who have received cyclosporin A (CyA) for up to five years (median 40 months) was analysed with particular reference to the immunosuppressive effectiveness and adverse effects of the drug. Eight patients had been maintained on prednisolone and azathioprine for two to six years before treatment was changed to cyclosporin A and the remainder were started on cyclosporin A after operation. Results in both groups over a one to five year study period are similar, and showed that cyclosporin A was effective in maintaining adequate immunosuppression, allowing complete withdrawal of prednisolone in 16 patients. Episodes of rejection were observed in only three patients and in two of these it was of the chronic 'vanishing bile duct' variety. Some evidence of nephrotoxicity (serum creatinine greater than 150 mumol/l) occurred in 72 per cent (21 of 29 patients) but it was necessary to discontinue treatment in only two. Hypertension, occasionally of sudden onset, was found in nine patients and led to the withdrawal of the drug in two. Additional hypotensive drug treatment was required in five. In one other patient cyclosporin A was discontinued on account of severe headaches. Cyclosporin A was withdrawn in two further patients. Withdrawal led to considerable risk of acute rejection and increased doses of corticosteroids as well as substitution of azathioprine were required at that time. PMID- 3912796 TI - Volterra representation and Wiener-like identification of nonlinear systems: scope and limitations. PMID- 3912797 TI - Chaos in biological systems. PMID- 3912798 TI - [Cavex Combiloid--a new dimension in impression taking for crown and bridge preparations]. PMID- 3912799 TI - [Development of an orthodontic screw plate appliance (III)]. PMID- 3912800 TI - [Prosthetic insufficiency]. PMID- 3912801 TI - [Stereographic registration of mandibular movement on the occlusal surface plane]. PMID- 3912802 TI - [Preprosthetic orthodontics (VIII)]. PMID- 3912803 TI - [Late implantation with the Munich FRIALIT implant (I)]. PMID- 3912804 TI - [The question of Class II composite restorations]. PMID- 3912805 TI - [Long-term studies on artificial teeth]. PMID- 3912806 TI - [Development of orthodontic screw-plate appliances (I)]. PMID- 3912807 TI - [Late implantation with the Munich FRIALIT-implant (II)]. PMID- 3912808 TI - [New titanium post restoration--an overview]. PMID- 3912809 TI - [Restoration of broken non-vital teeth with Flexi-Post posts]. PMID- 3912810 TI - [Development of orthodontic screw plate appliances (II)]. PMID- 3912812 TI - [Basic principles: prosthetics. Partial dentures (III)]. PMID- 3912811 TI - [Historical development of periodontal research]. PMID- 3912813 TI - [Preparation of temporary bridges: not new--but different!]. PMID- 3912814 TI - [Basic principles: prosthetics. Impressions and impression materials (V)]. PMID- 3912815 TI - [Private payment for prosthetic services (I)]. PMID- 3912816 TI - [Checklist for PAR-pretreatment]. PMID- 3912817 TI - [Private payment for prosthetic services (II)]. PMID- 3912819 TI - [Cerestore]. PMID- 3912818 TI - [Prosthetic guides in bridges (anchor implants)]. PMID- 3912820 TI - [Tri-Caster--a simple and inexpensive system for excellent castings]. PMID- 3912821 TI - [Applied esthetics--a challenge (II)]. PMID- 3912822 TI - [Preparation of a partial denture utilizing a ring telescopic crown]. PMID- 3912823 TI - [Quick and easy preparation of a milled model using a universal fixed transfer device]. PMID- 3912824 TI - [Construction elements--new and further developments (I)]. PMID- 3912825 TI - [Gnathomat Junior--occlusion apparatus for the completion of guide plane procedures with the Gnathomat (I)]. PMID- 3912826 TI - [Effect of the polymerization cycle and shape of the base plate on the polymerization depth in denture base plate materials]. PMID- 3912827 TI - [Double-T-clasp attachment and its usefulness (I). Th. Wendler's interlocking elements]. PMID- 3912828 TI - [Construction elements--new and further developments (II)]. PMID- 3912829 TI - [Gnathomat Junior--occlusion device for the completion of the guide plane approach in the Gnathomat (II)]. PMID- 3912830 TI - [Examination of the mounting of complete dentures and articulator problems (I)]. PMID- 3912831 TI - [Double-T-clasp attachment and its usefulness (II). Th. Wendler's interlocking elements]. PMID- 3912832 TI - [An attachment for problem cases--a sleeve-pin attachment]. PMID- 3912834 TI - [Control of model cast frameworks in dental laboratory]. PMID- 3912833 TI - [Restoration of badly abraded dentition (I)]. PMID- 3912835 TI - [Restoration of badly abraded occlusion (II)]. PMID- 3912836 TI - [The theft of dental technical work from the dental office]. PMID- 3912837 TI - [Preparation of metal reinforced ceramic crowns]. PMID- 3912838 TI - [A device for temperature-controlled diffusion melting of Ceraplatin cast crowns]. PMID- 3912839 TI - [Dose-time studies of radiogenic pneumopathy. I. Objectives and choice of experimental animals]. PMID- 3912840 TI - [Modification of the radiation reaction in blood and bone marrow by hypoxic hypoxia during whole body irradiation of pigs in the LD20/30 region]. PMID- 3912841 TI - [Sucralfate--a drug with anti-ulcer action]. PMID- 3912843 TI - [Restoration contours: corrections in the laboratory phase]. PMID- 3912842 TI - [Evaluation of the hypotensive effect of Viskaldix]. PMID- 3912844 TI - A practical study of the castability of dental alloys: effects of investment and burnout temperature. PMID- 3912846 TI - Request for permission to clone shiga-like toxin from the families Enterobacteriaceae and Vibrionaceae in E. coli K-12. PMID- 3912845 TI - Points to consider in the design and submission of human somatic cell gene therapy protocols. PMID- 3912847 TI - Proposal to remove an E. coli host-vector system producing a hybrid toxin from BL4 containment. PMID- 3912848 TI - [Development of techniques in radiation treatment of water]. PMID- 3912849 TI - [Chemical analyses by means of nuclear and radiation methods--applications to biology, medicine, pharmaceutical sciences, agriculture, science and engineering. 1. Ion beam analysis]. PMID- 3912850 TI - Reconsideration of the dilemma of DDT for the establishment of an acceptable daily intake. PMID- 3912852 TI - Relation between water solubility, octanol/water partition coefficients, and bioconcentration of organic chemicals in fish: a review. AB - A survey was made of the literature describing relations between water solubility (S), the octanol-water partition coefficient (Poct), and the bioconcentration factor (BCF) of organic chemicals. Based on the relations between BCF and Poct it can be concluded that mostly BCF is log BCF = 0.79 log Poct-0.40. From relations between Poct and S it can be concluded that for most organic chemicals log Poct will not exceed 3 if S is greater than ca. 3 mmol/liter. This limit is far more reliable than the value of 2000 mg/liter which has been proposed by OECD Experts and confirmed by other authors. PMID- 3912851 TI - The use of epidemiology, scientific data, and regulatory authority to determine risk factors in cancers of some organs of the digestive system. 3. Liver cancer. PMID- 3912853 TI - The calculation and use of carcinogenic potency: a review. AB - Six methods of estimating carcinogenic potency now in use to some extent by regulatory agencies are examined. It is concluded that none of these methods is adequate for regulatory decision making when used alone, as is usually the case, but that all are useful as a contribution to the whole risk assessment process. The needs for further development and improvement of these methods, where appropriate to human risk, are identified and discussed in view of the growing use of potency estimates in regulatory decision making. PMID- 3912855 TI - [Echographic diagnosis of ureterocele]. PMID- 3912854 TI - [Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) of the renal-adrenal area. Methods of use and indications]. AB - Our experience on 371 patients studied with DSA for reno-adrenal pathology in the last two years is reported. The purpose of this study was the evaluation of real possibilities of DSA in comparison with conventional angiography, particularly to specify diagnostic space of venous versus arterial approach in this region of interest. In our experience, DSA by venous approach is indicated only as a screening method for nefrovascular hypertension or post-surgery, post-PTA and post-embolization controls; in all other cases, DSA by arterial approach is preferable for its superior diagnostic accuracy and lesser pharmacological invasivity, in comparison both with venous DSA and conventional angiography. PMID- 3912856 TI - Electroforming as an alternative to casting: a preliminary report. PMID- 3912857 TI - The role of copings in fixed bridgework. PMID- 3912858 TI - [Follow-up of patients wearing partial prostheses]. PMID- 3912859 TI - [The "zero point" in metal removable partial dentures]. PMID- 3912860 TI - [Bonded splint-bridge]. PMID- 3912861 TI - [Nursing yesterday, today and tomorrow]. PMID- 3912863 TI - [Hematogenous disseminated tuberculosis]. PMID- 3912862 TI - [Rapid identification of the etiological agent by the latex agglutination test in acute bacterial meningitis]. PMID- 3912864 TI - [Seroepidemiology of malaria in a residual focus in Algeria: Khemis El Kechua district]. AB - The residual focus of Khemis el Kechna represented in 1981 nearly the totality of the autochtonous cases detected in Algeria that year (51 cases/53 cases). Control measures were applied during 3 successive years, the number of cases dropped from 51 in 1981 to 18 in 1982 and to 0 in 1983. In order to confirm the interruption of malaria transmission a sero-epidemiological study was carried out in 1984. The analysis of serological results by age, time and place of residence led to the conclusion that malaria transmission no longer occurs. A comparison of the serological results obtained by two blood sampling techniques (serum/dried blood on filter paper) confirmed the reliability of the results when eluted dried blood is used. A statistically significant difference was observed between the proportions of positives sera according to the antigen species used (P. falciparum culture strain or P. vivax obtained from patient originating from India. PMID- 3912865 TI - [Markers of the dietary supply of fatty acids. Their use in epidemiologic surveys]. AB - The use of tissular markers of dietary fatty acids is based on the potential usefulness of a cellular or membrane witness of usual food intake. Prevalence studies among populations and prospective trials on a change of dietary habits allow a definition of the relationship between dietary fatty acids and adipose ones, according to time, sampling site and the stability of fatty acid pool. The physiological parameters of that relationship are weight changes, age, energy balance, tobacco and probably alcohol consumptions and race. The relationship between dietary fatty acids and fatty acids within serum lipids, erythrocytes, certain epithelial cells and platelets are described and validity of these relationships pointed out. A few examples illustrate potential use of fatty acid markers in investigating risk factors of chronic diseases and in checking adherence to regimen in dietary trials. PMID- 3912866 TI - [Visual cortical areas: topography, connections and function]. AB - The results of the electrophysiological mapping studies in the visual cortex are reviewed, with a special emphasis on the work of Allman and Kaas in the owl monkey. An analysis is given of the topography of the visual field representation within the different visual areas thus defined and comparative elements are given from studies in the visual cortex of cat and macaque monkey. It is shown that the interconnexions between the different cortical visual areas are numerous, especially between adjacent areas. The question of the functional localization in the various areas is discussed. It is proposed that certain aspects of the visual scene are analyzed by a group of interconnected neighbouring areas, whereas the analysis of other aspects involve interconnections between cortical areas which are distributed on the cortical surface. PMID- 3912867 TI - [Digital angioradiography: a valid technic for the study of the permeability of coronary grafts in the immediate postoperative period]. PMID- 3912869 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic pseudocysts]. PMID- 3912868 TI - [Left anomalous pulmonary venous drainage in the innominate vein]. PMID- 3912870 TI - [Value of echography in the diagnosis of portal hypertension in hepatic cirrhosis]. PMID- 3912871 TI - [Effect of the administration of 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine to the amygdala and dorsal raphe nucleus on plasma renin activity]. AB - The effect of injections of 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine, a potent and selective neurotoxic of serotonin neurons, into amygdala and dorsal raphe mesencephalic nucleus on the plasma renin activity has been studied in male Wistar rats. Plasma renin activity was estimated on 2nd, 4th, Tth and 14th day after injections in both areas. The administration of 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine in amigdala produced a significant decrease in plasmatic renin activity between 2nd and 4th day, but the inverse effect between 7th and 14th day. Similar effects were found after injections in dorsal raphe nucleus. The contents of cerebral 5-HT were simultaneously evaluated in the entire brain when the drug was implanted in dorsal raphe, and only in amygdaloid tissue when the injection was restricted to this area. A significant decrease in serotonin content was produced 7th day in both places, while partial recuperation was found toward 14th day. The results, especially the ones related to the chemical lesion of dorsal raphe nucleus, suggest that serotoninergic brain systems are involved, as stimulators, in the control of the dynamics of renin-angiotensin system. PMID- 3912872 TI - [Biological effects of 2 different types of human insulin and monocomponent porcine insulin in normal subjects]. PMID- 3912873 TI - [Comparison of 2 doses of cimetidine: 400 mg b.i.d and 800 q.d. in the therapy of duodenal ulcer. A Tuscan multicenter study]. PMID- 3912874 TI - [Immunology of chronic inflammatory diseases of the intestine]. PMID- 3912875 TI - [Recent findings on the hepatotoxicity of drugs]. PMID- 3912876 TI - Families, informal supports, and Alzheimer's disease. Current research and future agendas. PMID- 3912877 TI - [Analysis of chromosomal changes and sister chromatid exchanges in lymphocytes of children exposed to cerebral gammagraphy]. PMID- 3912878 TI - [With reference to the article "Pyrogenic activity in sera of febrile patients mediated by endogenous pyrogen and activators of adenylate cyclase"]. PMID- 3912879 TI - [Hereditary hemochromatosis (genetic or idiopathic). A publication for physicians by the Hemochromatosis Research Foundation Inc]. PMID- 3912880 TI - [Specific antibodies in the vitreous humor in ocular toxoplasmosis]. PMID- 3912881 TI - [Anticentromere antibodies and other antinuclear antibodies in progressive systemic sclerosis]. PMID- 3912882 TI - [Minimal useful dose of guanfacine in patients with essential hypertension]. PMID- 3912883 TI - [New advances in the genetics of alcoholism]. PMID- 3912884 TI - [Recent experience using intensive chemotherapy with autologous bone marrow grafts in the treatment of solid tumors]. PMID- 3912885 TI - [Towards the prevention of aging?]. PMID- 3912886 TI - [Evaluation of the state of microcirculation, rheologic properties of the blood and kallikrein-kinin system of patients with rheumatoid arthritis with systemic manifestations]. PMID- 3912887 TI - [Clinical features of polyosteoarthrosis]. PMID- 3912888 TI - [Results of long-term treatment of patients in the early stages of rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 3912889 TI - [Possibility of predicting the type of course of rheumatoid arthritis on the basis of various genetic markers]. PMID- 3912890 TI - [Immunomodulators in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. II. Comparative clinical efficacy of levamisole (dekaris) and thymalin]. PMID- 3912891 TI - [Immunoregulatory T-lymphocytes in rheumatoid arthritis in children]. PMID- 3912892 TI - [Chondrocalcinosis: nosologic boundaries, diagnosis, prevalence]. PMID- 3912893 TI - [II. Morphologic criteria of synovitis in rheumatoid arthritis and correlation with synovitis in systemic lupus erythematosus and systemic scleroderma]. PMID- 3912894 TI - [Systemic lupus erythematosus seronegative for antinuclear factor]. PMID- 3912895 TI - [Optic neuritis in systemic lupus erythematosus (personal case and review of the literature)]. PMID- 3912896 TI - [Eye manifestions of gout]. PMID- 3912897 TI - [Reparative regeneration of joint cartilage]. PMID- 3912898 TI - [Ultrastructure of the capillary component of the microcirculatory bed of the lungs in rheumatic mitral stenosis (electron-microscopic study of lung biopsies)]. PMID- 3912899 TI - [Deontologic problems in rheumatology]. PMID- 3912900 TI - [Recognition and treatment of rheumatic polymyalgias]. PMID- 3912901 TI - [Systemic lupus erythematosus and HLA system antigens]. PMID- 3912902 TI - [Raynaud syndrome: pathophysiologic mechanisms, diagnosis, treatment]. PMID- 3912903 TI - [Pregnancy and systemic diseases of connective tissue]. PMID- 3912904 TI - [Errors in the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 3912905 TI - [Massive calcinosis in dermatomyositis]. PMID- 3912906 TI - [Myocardial infarct in a patient with a rheumatic mitral heart defect at an early age]. PMID- 3912907 TI - [A. I. Nestorov--teacher, founder of a scientific school (on the 90th anniversary of his birth)]. PMID- 3912908 TI - [From Louis XIV to Sadi Carnot...or two hundred years for a diploma!!]. PMID- 3912909 TI - [Immunopathogenicity of Actinomyces in the oral cavity]. PMID- 3912910 TI - [Impression technics for the prosthetic treatment of Kennedy Class I edentulousness in the mandible]. PMID- 3912911 TI - [Respiratory pathology induced by inhalation of hair lacquer]. AB - On the basis of a critical analysis of the literature, the authors review the various respiratory lesions imputed to the inhalation of hair lacquers. Pulmonary thesaurismosis is alleged to result from accumulation in the pulmonary parenchyma of non-biodegradable macro-molecules, such as PVP. Only isolated cases have been published and the true existence of this disease remains to be confirmed, in the absence of convincing epidemiological data as well as the lack of experimental reproducibility. Chronic inhalation of hair lacquers may, however, be responsible for bronchial irritative manifestations and obstruction of the small airways, in particular in hairdressers. Increase in the relative risk of bronchopulmonary carcinoma has not been proven. PMID- 3912912 TI - [Auscultation of pulmonary rales, from Laennec to phonopneumography]. AB - The invention in 1819 of the stethoscope by Laennec was followed by the first classification of pulmonary adventitial sounds. A number of new nomenclatures based upon acoustic principles have subsequently been suggested. Phonopneumography consists of the recording of respiratory sounds and their breakdown into different harmonics by frequential analysis. Broadly speaking, a distinction is drawn between continuous sounds, including sibilants and rhonchi, and discontinuous sounds, covering crepitations and coarse rales. PMID- 3912913 TI - [Cancer of the ovary and pregnancy. Apropos of 4 cases]. AB - The value and the limitations of echo scans and extemporaneous examination in four cases are reported. Any adnexial organic tumour should be treated in the knowledge that it could be a cancer of the ovary. This is the only possible approach for avoiding contamination during surgery insufficient exoresis and the necessity of further intervention. PMID- 3912914 TI - [Zinc in the seminal fluid]. AB - The authors review the literature concerning analytical and experimental studies of zinc in seminal fluid: its origins, its secretion, its measurement, its usefulness and its pathology. PMID- 3912915 TI - Recent advances in autologous bone marrow transplantation in onco-haematology. PMID- 3912916 TI - Rationale of intensive chemotherapy associated with autologous bone marrow transplantation. PMID- 3912917 TI - Evaluation of residual disease in human leukemias. PMID- 3912918 TI - Freezing methods. PMID- 3912919 TI - Hematopoietic stem cells controls for autologous bone marrow transplantation monitoring. PMID- 3912920 TI - Human bone marrow processing in view of further in vitro treatment and cryopreservation. PMID- 3912921 TI - Cyclophosphamide derivatives for in vitro cleansing of leukemic bone marrow. PMID- 3912922 TI - Removal of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells from human bone marrow using monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) and complement--a review. PMID- 3912923 TI - Immunological bone marrow purging procedure in Burkitt's lymphoma. Evaluation by a liquid cell culture assay. PMID- 3912924 TI - Autologous bone marrow transplantation in acute non lymphocytic leukemia. PMID- 3912925 TI - Repeated high-dose-melphalan with autologous bone marrow transplantation in acute non lymphocytic leukemia. PMID- 3912926 TI - Autologous bone marrow transplantation in adult ALL. A French survey of 32 patients. PMID- 3912927 TI - Autologous bone marrow transplantation (A.B.M.T.) in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (A.L.L.). PMID- 3912928 TI - Autologous transplantation in chronic myelogenous leukemia. PMID- 3912929 TI - [Jean-Pierre Soulier]. PMID- 3912930 TI - [PPSB]. AB - PPSB, the plasma derivative which contains the vitamin K-dependent clotting factors, was first produced in 1959 at the Centre National de Transfusion Sanguine in Paris under the leadership of Jean-Pierre Soulier. Today over 20 such products are manufactured around the world. All production methods take advantage of the common adsorption and elution properties of all the vitamin K-dependent clotting factors due to the presence of gamma carboxy residues. Although the clinical use of PPSB has been extended to all congenital and acquired deficiencies of the vitamin K-dependent clotting factors and more recently to treat hemorrhagic episodes of hemophilia A patients with antibody to Factor VIII, the major clinical indication remains hemophilia B. The major complication associated with the use of PPSB is the occurrence of viral diseases, particularly non-A, non-B hepatitis of unknown etiology and specifically associated with the use of PPSB is the occurrence in some patients of thromboembolic complications. Current research is oriented toward the production of a safer product. PMID- 3912931 TI - [Detection of Plasmodium falciparum by indirect immunofluorescence using specific murine monoclonal antibodies]. AB - The monoclonal immunofluorescence technique described here is a sensitive method to detect very small P. falciparum antigens. It is specially usefull in very low parasitemias when the detection of infected R.B.C. is particularly difficult by conventional Giemsa's coloured smears on thick drops. This technique requires only 0.5 to 1 ml of blood to be performed. This method allows the microscopic examination of large number of blood samples in a relatively short time. It permits also a very precise localisation of parasite in R.B.C. In the same way, the chemotherapy can easily be followed up and chemo-resistance forms may be studied more precisely than when using the standard microscopic examination. Reactions are always negative in individuals who have never visited malaria endemic countries. The plasma polyclonal antibodies directed against P. falciparum do not interfere with the technique (carried out on fresh or thawed R.B.C.). PMID- 3912932 TI - [3d renal transplantation: critical study of 6 cases]. PMID- 3912933 TI - [Hepatic prognosis in transplant patients with positive HBsAg in the pre transplantation period]. PMID- 3912934 TI - [Hepatopathy in transplant patients acquiring hepatitis B virus after transplantation]. PMID- 3912935 TI - [Malignant neoplasms in patients subjected to renal transplantation]. PMID- 3912936 TI - [Incidence of hypersensitized patients on waiting lists for cadaver donors]. PMID- 3912937 TI - [Renal transplantation in recipients with positive cross-reaction against B lymphocytes]. PMID- 3912939 TI - [Endo-urological surgery of the transplanted kidney]. PMID- 3912938 TI - [Acute vasculopathy in renal transplantation]. PMID- 3912940 TI - [Rupture of arterial anastomosis after kidney transplantation]. PMID- 3912941 TI - [Tuberculosis in the transplanted kidney]. PMID- 3912942 TI - [Urinary lithiasis in the transplanted kidney]. PMID- 3912944 TI - [Morphological study of partial plication of the ileum of guinea pigs]. PMID- 3912943 TI - [Wegener's granulomatosis and renal transplantation]. PMID- 3912945 TI - [Bone marrow transplantation]. PMID- 3912946 TI - [Pyelovesical anastomosis in renal transplantation]. PMID- 3912947 TI - [The ELISA program--Cantacuzino Institute, premises, lines of development and basic progress]. PMID- 3912949 TI - [Evaluation of an immunoenzyme method (ELISA) in the diagnosis of human hydatidosis]. PMID- 3912951 TI - [Results and limits of endocrine therapy of carcinoma of the breast]. AB - This review of endocrine therapy in breast carcinoma has been prepared principally with the aim of listing many persisting controversies in this area, even if significant advances have been made after the hormone receptor determination became available. Endocrine treatments include those indicated in an adjuvant setting and in metastatic disease. Indications for adjuvant endocrine therapy are still uncertain, even if a better selection of patients and the use of a non-toxic drug such as tamoxifen made more rationale and safer this type of treatment. Uncertainty is related to some doubts concerning consistency of survival advantages and to the relationship between advantages possibly obtainable by endocrine therapy or by adjuvant cytotoxic chemotherapy. Endocrine therapy can be cautiously combined with chemotherapy in amy adjuvant setting, as detrimental effects have been reported in some subsets of patients. Indications for endocrine treatment are mostly related to advanced disease, where more favourable results can presently be obtained through a better selection of patients and by less toxic hormone manipulations which are now available. In advanced disease, a sequential use of endocrine therapy and chemotherapy, or vice versa, is preferable to a concurrent administration of both types of treatment. Only some particular clinical situations suggest the latter type of approach. Some uncertainties are still present about the criteria by which, in the sequence, priority should be given to either therapeutic modality. PMID- 3912948 TI - [Study of the purity and specificity of 2 autochthonous allergenic extracts (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Candida albicans) using the ELISA inhibition method]. PMID- 3912950 TI - [Application of an immunoenzyme test (ELISA) with a purified treponemal antigen (Reiter) in the serodiagnosis of syphilis]. PMID- 3912952 TI - [Information of the rheumatic patient in the 19th century]. AB - From the beginning of the 19th century, universities considered it necessary to publish books on gout and rheumatic diseases which today we would describe as constituting public information. These books were intended for young doctors as well as the general public and patients. Rheumatology is probably the first specialty in which such an approach was considered to be useful. The current efforts in the area of public information therefore constitute a historical continuation of this approach. PMID- 3912953 TI - [French Rheumatology Society]. PMID- 3912954 TI - [Osteoblastoma of the jaws. 2 cases and a review of the literature]. AB - The authors report on two cases of osteoblastoma: one of the maxilla in a twenty two year old woman, the other of the mandible in a thirty-eight year old woman. In the two cases, the lesions were discovered after a systematic X-ray examination and they were treated by curettage. To date, sixty-seven cases of jawbone osteoblastoma and eleven cases of osteoid osteoma, a lesion which resembles and is perhaps similar to the osteoblastoma, have been reported in the literature. The authors develop the differential diagnosis and study the relationship between these two varieties of a same tumor or pseudo-tumor. PMID- 3912955 TI - Psychological treatment of tinnitus. An experimental group study. AB - Twenty-four patients with moderately severe (grade 2) to severe (grade 3) subjective tinnitus participated in an experimental group study. The patients were randomly assigned to a treatment group and a waiting-list control group. Treatment was given with a coping technique and comprised 10 one-hour sessions. Following a corresponding period without treatment, the control group was treated similarly. Daily self-recording of the subjective tinnitus loudness, the discomfort from the tinnitus, depression and irritation was performed before and after treatment. In addition, psychoacoustic measurement was undertaken on three occasions. The treatment group improved significantly more than the waiting-list control group. After treatment of the latter group, combined data of both groups showed statistically significant improvements in all variables. The results show that tinnitus annoyance can be treated by psychological methods. PMID- 3912956 TI - Effectiveness of Veadent as a plaque-inhibiting mouthwash. AB - The aim of this study was to compare the effect of the commercially available Veadent mouthwash and chlorhexidine on plaque formation. Plaque accumulating during two 5-day periods was recorded in a group of 10 students. During the experimental periods, the test subjects abstained from mechanical cleaning of the teeth, and chewed sucrose-containing chewing gum every 4th h in order to enhance plaque formation. They also rinsed with either chlorhexidine or Veadent twice a day according to the manufacturer's recommendations. Chlorhexidine mouthrinses resulted in significantly lower plaque scores than did Veadent in the present short-term model study. PMID- 3912957 TI - Study of titanium screws as retrograde fillings using bacteria and dye. AB - The tightness of retrograde titanium screw fillings and retrograde amalgam fillings was compared in 17 human, single-rooted teeth using Serratia marcescens bacteria in vitro. The root canals were subjected to instrumentation and irrigation, after which 2 mm was cut off from the apical end. Eight of the teeth were sealed using retrograde titanium screw fillings and nine using retrograde amalgam fillings. The teeth were suspended by means of wires in test tubes, with the crowns upwards and the roots immersed in trypticase soy broth. Suspensions of Serratia marcescens bacteria were placed in the root canals, and samples from the broth were plated daily. The bacteria penetrated the apical titanium screw seals in 2 to 7 days, and the retrograde amalgam fillings readily on the first day. Thus, the titanium screws seemed to provide a tighter seal. Staining with India ink showed that penetration had occurred at the tooth-filling margin and that the instrumentation had not caused any fractures to the roots. PMID- 3912958 TI - Long-term immunosuppressive treatment in Crohn's disease. AB - We studied the clinical effects of long-term immunosuppressive treatment in 42 patients with severe Crohn's disease and extensive colonic involvement. Mean observation period before and after start of therapy exceeded 5 years. All but one of the patients receiving azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine improved, and 11 of 42 attained complete remission during therapy. Cyclophosphamide was substituted for azathioprine with inferior results in four patients with pancreatitis soon after initiation of azathioprine therapy. The frequency of both local and systemic complications decreased significantly during the period of therapy. Prednisolone could be withdrawn in 25 patients and reduced to less than 7.5 mg every other day in the others. The average remission period after withdrawal of all drugs in 10 patients was 40 months. The results were superior to those in a surgical series with comparable observation time drawn from the same background population. Aside from pancreatitis in four patients, no serious side effects were seen. Fertility was unaffected. The data demonstrate the feasibility of long-term azathioprine (6-mercaptopurine) treatment in extensive Crohn's disease. PMID- 3912959 TI - Coeliac plexus block versus pancreaticogastrostomy for pain in chronic pancreatitis. A controlled randomized trial. AB - Seventeen patients with chronic pancreatitis and dilated pancreatic ducts were randomly allocated to coeliac plexus block or pancreaticogastrostomy. The number of patients with pain relief after coeliac plexus block and pancreaticogastrostomy did not differ at discharge. Pain score and use of analgesics before coeliac plexus block and 6 months later were unaffected but were significantly less after pancreaticogastrostomy. Operation decreased pancreatic tissue pressure significantly. This pressure decrease is believed to explain pain relief. PMID- 3912960 TI - Reduction of gastric acid secretion by 10 mg and 30 mg omeprazole once daily. AB - The reduction in gastric acid secretion by 10 mg and 30 mg omeprazole was studied in 12 patients with ulcer disease in a randomized, double-blind, two-way balanced crossover study. A standardized pentagastrin test was performed before the study and 24 h after each treatment period of 6 days. Treatment was followed by a washout period of 7 days. Omeprazole, 30 mg/day, significantly reduced basal acid output (BAO) by 90% and pentagastrin-stimulated acid output (PAO) by 45% (p less than 0.01), whereas BAO and PAO were not significantly reduced by omeprazole, 10 mg/day. PMID- 3912961 TI - Acupuncture and transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation in the treatment of pain associated with chronic pancreatitis. A randomized study. AB - In 23 patients with pancreatitis, daily pain for at least 3 months, and no abuse of alcohol, the pain-relieving effect of electroacupuncture (13 patients) or transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation (TENS) (16 patients) was studied. In two prospective studies with a cross-over design, active acupuncture was compared with sham acupuncture, and TENS of the segmental points of the pancreas with sham treatment. Neither electroacupuncture nor TENS brought about pain relief that could substitute for or supplement medical treatment. PMID- 3912962 TI - Diagnosis of bacterial overgrowth of the small intestine. Comparison of the 14C-D xylose breath test and jejunal cultures in 60 patients. AB - Sixty consecutive patients suspected of having bacterial overgrowth of the small intestine (BOG) had aerobic and anaerobic bacterial cultures made of fasting upper jejunal fluid and also a 14C-D-xylose breath test (XBT). Culture-proven BOG was present in 23 patients. In another 15 patients the presence of BOG was ruled out (diagnoses: irritable bowel syndrome, 8; chronic diarrhoea, 6; and lactose malabsorption, 1). These patients were used as controls. The other 22 of the 60 patients could not be placed in either group owing to the presence of factors known to predispose for BOG; none of them had abnormal jejunal cultures, but several had strong clinical suspicion of BOG. An abnormal XBT, defined as values exceeding upper 90% confidence limits (upper range) of the 15 patient control values within a 4-h period, was observed with the following frequencies in the 23 patients with BOG: after 60 min, 35%; after 120 min, 44%; after 180 min, 61%; and after 240 min, 65%. An abnormal XBT was observed in 41% of the 22 patients with normal jejunal cultures but with predisposition for, and clinical suspicion of, BOG. It is concluded that, compared with a relevant control material, the XBT tends to be rather insensitive and that a negative outcome of jejunal cultures is inadequate to exclude the presence of BOG. PMID- 3912963 TI - Subunit, recombinant and synthetic hepatitis B vaccines. AB - Hepatitis B surface antigen in the form of 22 nm spherical particles (and tubular forms) is excess virus coat protein. Guidelines for the preparation of the 22 nm spherical particles (and their separated polypeptides) derived from the plasma of asymptomatic human carriers, were suggested by the WHO Expert Committee on Viral Hepatitis in 1977, and the proposed requirements for the 22 nm hepatitis B particle vaccine were published by the WHO Expert Committee on Biological Standardisation in 1981 and revised in 1983. Such preparations have been tested for safety and protective efficacy and many clinical trials with the plasma derived vaccine have demonstrated the immunogenicity, high protective efficacy and safety of the currently licensed preparations. Polypeptide vaccines, derived from the surface antigen from any source, have several advantages which include precise biochemical characterisation, exclusion of genetic material of viral origin, exclusion of host or donor-derived substances and enhanced potency. A polypeptide vaccine in micellar form has been developed in London. The applications of recombinant DNA technology permit the isolation, purification and selective amplification of almost any individual segment of DNA from practically any organism in convenient biological systems such as bacteria, yeast, or any other cell including mammalian cells. Considerable progress has been made with vaccines prepared from antigen expressed in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). Cloning of the DNA of hepatitis B virus has resulted in sequencing of nucleotides and mapping of the amino acids of antigens. Information obtained from the sequencing of the 226 amino acids of hepatitis B surface antigen has led to the development of chemically synthesised peptides corresponding to amino acid sequences predicted from the nucleotide map. Several such synthetic peptides, when linked to potent adjuvants elicit antibodies in experimental animals which react with the surface antigen. The potential of pure chemically synthetic vaccines against hepatitis B, and other infectious agents, is under intensive investigation since such vaccines should be chemically well-defined, uniform, safe and cheap to produce. Studies have been carried out recently using a chemically synthetic peptide in a linear and in a cyclical form corresponding to the amino acids sequence 139-147 of the major polypeptide I of hepatitis B surface antigen. The synthetic antigens and the native polypeptide complex p23 gp28 purified from hepatitis B surface antigen in plasma were used for the measurement of affinity of the antibody to the surface antigen (anti-HBs) in human sera.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3912964 TI - A rational approach to the specific chemotherapy of pancreatitis. AB - Oedematous pancreatitis is pancreatic acinar cell damage with leakage into the peritoneal cavity and circulation of the inactive zymogens of digestive enzymes and active amylase and lipase. Pancreatic oedema and intra-abdominal fat necrosis occur. Necrotising pancreatitis is pancreatic acinar cell damage accompanied by the specific conversion of trypsinogens to trypsins, at a rate, and on a scale, sufficient to overwhelm local defences. Rapid release of the whole spectrum of activated pancreatic enzymes leads to necrosis of parts of the pancreas and blood vessels, and the disseminated enzyme-mediated damage which characterises the molecular pathology of the established severe disease. Chronic pancreatitis, although less well understood, is also associated with trypsinogen activation within the gland. Two mechanisms have emerged as initiators of trypsinogen activation, lysosomal cathepsins and bile-borne enterokinase. Chemotherapeutic strategies against disease initiation include preparation of synthetic enterokinase and Cathepsin B inhibitors. Chemotherapeutic strategies against second-stage mediation of multi-organ damage in the disease, include oligopeptide or organic functionalities with novel catalytic site-directed moieties (such as fluoromethyl ketones) suitable for in vivo use and the specific inhibition of the relevant range of enzymes in complex with alpha 2-macroglobulin. Interference with pancreatic enzyme biosynthesis using proteolysis-resistant constructs mimicking receptor-binding domains of inhibitor peptide hormones as well as inhibitors of pancreatic signal peptidase are promising additional chemotherapeutic approaches worthy of active investigation. PMID- 3912965 TI - Advances in gastrointestinal endoscopy and laser therapy; the way ahead. AB - Modern flexible fibreoptics enable gastroenterologists to visualise and treat many lesions and conditions in the upper gastrointestinal tract and colon. Therapeutic endoscopy is forming a larger proportion of many unit's workload and the newer techniques to stop or prevent rebleeding are the subject of much research and development. Developments in the fields of operative endoscopy, small intestinal endoscopy, and endoscopic ultrasound are also progressing rapidly. The place of video-endoscopy is still to be established but potentially has several advantages over fibreoptic endoscopy. Laser therapy has been well established as a means of treating gastrointestinal haemorrhage from peptic ulcers, and has potential use in the treatment of angiomatous lesions. It is increasingly being used both for palliation and 'cure' of malignancy and neoplasia in the gastrointestinal tract. The use of such lasers depends upon thermal damage, but newer types of non-thermal laser therapy, using pulsed lasers, or dye lasers with prior tumour sensitisation are rapidly going to be applied to the treatment of gastrointestinal disease. PMID- 3912966 TI - Therapy of gastrointestinal cancer. AB - Cancer of the gastrointestinal tract represents a major international health problem. At the present time surgical resection for limited stages of disease represents the only treatment which can consistently provide long-term disease free survival. Unfortunately, the majority of patients present with either microscopic metastatic disease in distant sites or advanced tumour growth which exceeds the limits of surgical resection. Relatively little progress has been made in the development of effective forms of non-surgical therapy. Gastric cancer, however, has been demonstrated to have greater sensitivity to forms of chemotherapy and radiation therapy than was previously appreciated. During the past decade, more effective forms of palliative therapy have been developed for patients with advanced disease, and approximately 15% of the cases with locally unresectable gastric cancer can now achieve long-term disease-free survival with combined forms of treatment. Unfortunately, similar progress has not been made in the management of pancreatic cancer or advanced colon cancer. The recent experience of the Gastrointestinal Tumor Study Group with the use of combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy for rectal cancer has demonstrated that improved disease-free survival can be achieved for patients with Dukes B and C disease. Overall, the current limited efficacy and considerable toxicity of conventional therapies strongly support the development of new approaches to the management of gastrointestinal cancer; this includes the exploitation of the recent progress that has been made in our understanding of cell proliferation and cell cycle control, and the importance of oncogenes and growth factors for regulation of these processes. Ultimately, our understanding of the molecular genetics of gastrointestinal cancer might allow for development of more effective means for both prevention and treatment at the molecular level. PMID- 3912967 TI - Changes in surface structure and concanavalin A-binding capacity of urothelium in the mouse bladder after whole-body neutron irradiation. AB - A broad overview has been compiled of the literature on the effects of radiation on urinary bladder and on selected cell surface markers that may give information on the pathobiological status of the urinary bladder urothelium. Scanning electron microscopy and immunogold labelling have been used in this study which examines the early (6h to 12 day) radiation response of the mouse urinary bladder following whole-body neutron irradiation. Experimentally, after 5 Gy neutron irradiation, changes in the urothelium include surface morphological abnormalities and enhanced concanavalin A surface binding. These changes were most obvious 1 to 5 days post-irradiation, but lessened in their extent from 5 to 12 days after treatment. PMID- 3912969 TI - Visualization of the fate of inactive influenza viruses in Daudi cells by electron microscopy. AB - The replication of active and inactivated influenza viruses in Daudi lymphoma cells was studied by immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. In a previous study, we demonstrated that active and heat-inactivated X47 (H3N2) virus arrested Daudi cell growth by inhibiting cellular DNA synthesis while formalin-treated X47 virus did not. Transmission electron microscopic studies revealed that both the active and the heat-inactivated X47 virus penetrated into the cells. Only the active X47 (XA) virus replicated completely in Daudi cells and produced new viral particles by budding. The formalin-treated X47 virus did not damage or change the cells, and although the viral particles remained adsorbed to the cells, there was little penetration. The heat inactivated X47 virus (which was the most effective, non-virulent, oncolytic agent we studied) was visualized as large aggregates of particles adsorbed to the cell surface by electron microscopy. The cells themselves formed clumps. The viral aggregation and cell clumping likely resulted from the loss of viral neuraminidase activity due to heat treatment. The penetration of heat-inactivated viral particles was massive and involved numerous particles. Production of new viral particles was not demonstrated in this study even though nucleocapsids from the original virus were found in the cytoplasm. Thus, it appears that the massive penetration of the viral particles into cells damages the plasma membrane and may be responsible for the oncolytic potential of the heat-inactivated virus on Daudi cells. PMID- 3912968 TI - Hairy cell leukemia: reevaluation of cell surface features under the scanning electron microscope, using the "GTGO" air drying and critical point drying procedures. AB - In the present study, the GTGO--air drying (AD) preparatory procedure for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to reevaluate the surface features of hairy cells (HCs) obtained from 18 patients with hairy cell leukemia (HCL). The GTGO-AD procedure, described in earlier studies, involves glutaraldehyde (G) fixation of suspended cells, followed by tannic acid (T)--guanidine hydrochloride (G) treatment of substrate-attached cells, immersion in osmium tetroxide (O), and subsequent air drying (from absolute Freon 113) of dehydrated cells. Both air dried and critical point dried GTGO-treated cells from patients with lymphocytic, monocytic and hairy cell leukemias, displayed excellent preservation of their surface microvilli and/or ruffles with minimal cell shrinkage. Generally, only two types of hairy cells were identified: (i) cells displaying areas of ruffles alongside areas of clustered microvilli, and (ii) cells showing microvilli scattered among ruffles. Peripheral blood hairy cells showed the same features as those isolated from the spleens involved with HCL and consistently exhibited both ruffles and microvilli. In all studied cases, cells displaying only ruffles or microvilli were not frequently encountered, although ruffled cells with very short and delicate microvilli, and villous cells with small ruffles were seen. Hairy cells, kept in culture for up to 7 days, displayed extreme polarization of their microprojections and very active surfaces, with elongated microvilli and broad-based ruffles. In the light of these results, it is clear that GTGO-AD has much to offer in determining the surface features of circulating and cultured hairy cells and other types of leukemic cells. PMID- 3912970 TI - Acyclovir and renal transplantation. AB - The efficacy of oral acyclovir to prevent reactivation of herpes simplex virus (HSV) in seropositive renal allograft recipients was tested in a double-blind placebo controlled study. None of the 18 patients allocated to acyclovir showed any signs of HSV infection. In contrast, 11/17 on placebo (p less than 0.001), had signs of HSV or varicella zoster virus (VZV) infection--in 5 patients severe enough to interrupt the trial and initiate treatment with oral acyclovir. Soon after cessation of the trial, HSV was isolated from the throats of 6 patients on acyclovir, and 1 developed shingles 3 months later. Oral acyclovir prophylaxis thus effectively protected the patients from reactivation of HSV and VZV while they were receiving the drug, but could not prevent disease once off the drug. Treatment with acyclovir brought rapid relief of both local and general symptoms in all patients. No adverse reactions were seen. As a consequence of these experiences our goal in subsequent transplant patients has been either early therapeutic intervention with oral acyclovir whenever signs of HSV or VZV infection have been noted, or prophylactic remedy in patients at particular risk to develop troublesome herpetic lesions after renal transplantation. PMID- 3912971 TI - Pathways to new drugs. PMID- 3912972 TI - Topical acyclovir in the treatment of recurrent herpes simplex virus infections. AB - Clinical studies of topical acyclovir therapy in recurrent HSV episodes are reviewed. Efficacy is maximised by early patient initiated treatment at the onset of prodromal symptoms. Acyclovir cream is clearly superior to acyclovir ointment in treating recurrent genital and labial herpes where the antiviral and clinical benefits are comparable with those produced by short duration oral acyclovir therapy. Acyclovir cream is well tolerated and adverse events remain uncommon whilst efficacy persists even after repeated use in successive recurrent episodes. Topical therapy does not influence the natural history of recurrent HSV infections. For patients with less frequent recurrent HSV episodes involving localised and accessible sites topical acyclovir cream may be preferred to the equally effective but more expensive oral acyclovir. PMID- 3912973 TI - Genital herpes: oral treatment with acyclovir. AB - Orally administered acyclovir has been shown to have an effect on genital herpes simplex virus infections. In primary infections, all published trials report a significantly reduced duration of viral shedding and an accelerated healing time, but the effect of the drug on the severity of clinical symptoms was less apparent. Acyclovir does not seem to prevent virus latency nor to influence subsequent genital recurrences. The treatment of recurrent infections was not reported to show as good as by primary infections. However, the drug did shorten the time of viral shedding as well as prompt the reduction of lesions. The clinical response was improved if the therapy was self-initiated by the patients and acyclovir was also reported to cause recurrent attacks to abort. No serious adverse events caused by the drug have been published. As the risk for development of viral resistance associated with prolonged or repeated administration of acyclovir is not known, it should be used with caution and primarily patients with initial herpes genitalis and in patients with painful and frequent recurrences. PMID- 3912974 TI - Treatment of first episode genital HSV with oral acyclovir: long term follow-up of recurrences. A preliminary report. AB - Systemic acyclovir (ACV) treatment has been shown to have significant effects on shortening the clinical course of first episode genital HSV infections, decreasing the quantity of HSV antibody in convalescent phase serum, without affecting the incidence of recurrences in 6 months of follow-up. In order to assess long term recurrence patterns, we prospectively studied subjects enrolled in a randomized double blind trial of oral ACV for first episode genital HSV. Sixty-three of sixty-eight subjects were followed monthly for recurrences for a mean of 36 months with 90% of subjects completing two years. There was no difference in the incidence of recurrence (90%) in (29) placebo vs (37) ACV treated HSV-2 infected subjects. Recurrences rates were similar between ACV and placebo treated subjects with nonprimary HSV-2 infection followed 2 years. The majority of these subjects were found to have HSV-2 antibody in their acute sera suggesting prior asymptomatic acquisition of HSV-2 infection and therefore established ganglionic latency at the time of first clinical disease. In subjects with true primary HSV-2 infection, however, mean recurrence rates were significantly lower in ACV treated subjects after 6 months, 0.87 ACV vs 3 placebo per 6 month period (p less than 0.01). The percentage of subjects experiencing recurrences after 1 year was also reduced by ACV treatment (70% placebo subjects vs 12.5% ACV subjects).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3912975 TI - Oral acyclovir in herpes zoster. AB - Zoster is a common disease that may be associated with severe and protracted pain. Antiviral therapy with acyclovir intravenously has been shown to modify the course of the disease and reduce pain during the acute phase. The results of two studies using doses of 400 mg and 800 mg of acyclovir orally are outlined. The data suggest a significant benefit of the higher dose treatment on the course of the illness and the pain. PMID- 3912976 TI - The treatment of herpes zoster infections. AB - A review of the many past and present therapeutic attempts in herpes zoster is given. Serious candidates are interferon, idoxuridine, adenine arabinoside, and acyclovir. Cumbersome administration and risk of side effects make acyclovir today's choice. The treatment with acyclovir has been improved by the availability of an oral formulation. The development of a well-absorbed prodrug, 6-deoxyacyclovir may in the future replace conventional acyclovir tablets in non emergency cases. PMID- 3912977 TI - Acyclovir versus vidarabine in herpes simplex encephalitis. AB - One hundred and twenty-seven patients with suspected herpes simplex encephalitis were entered in a randomised, controlled comparative study of therapy with acyclovir 10 mg/kg, 8-hourly, versus vidarabine, 15 mg/kg daily, for 10 days. Consecutive patients were included and nearly all diagnosed cases of HSV encephalitis in Sweden were enrolled in the study. The diagnosis of HSV encephalitis was verified by demonstration of intrathecal herpes simplex virus (HSV) antibody production and by HSV cultivation, or antigen detection, in brain biopsy or necropsy material. Of 53 confirmed cases of HSV-encephalitis (corresponding to 2.3 cases per million inhabitants per year in Sweden), 51 (27 acyclovir, 24 vidarabine) were evaluable for therapeutic efficacy. The mortality was 19% in the acyclovir-treated group versus 50% in the vidarabine group (p = 0.04). At 12 month of observation 15 of 27 (56%) acyclovir recipients had no, or mild, sequelae compared with 3 of 24 (13%) vidarabine recipients (p = 0.002). Nineteen of 24 (79%) vidarabine-treated patients died or suffered severe sequelae, compared with 9 of 27 (33%) acyclovir-treated patients (p = 0.005). The effect of treatment was influenced by the level of consciousness at the start of therapy. The outcome for 20 vidarabine-treated patients above 30 years of age with HSE was similar to that for the 53 patients reported by an American collaborative study. PMID- 3912978 TI - NORAM: calibration and operational advice for measuring nasality in cleft palate patients. AB - This study was carried out to evaluate the NORAM (Nasal-Oral-RAtio-Meter), developed at the Department of Speech Communication and Music Acoustics, RIT. The speech samples used were the recorded speech of normal and nasally deviant speakers. NORAM measures the total speech time and the duration of the nasalized portions, it also calculates the ratio between these two values. The signals are picked up by two contact microphones, one placed on the alar cartilage of the nose and the other on the outside of the lamina of the thyroid cartilage. They are compared and the segment is rated as nasal, if the signal from the nose pick up is close in intensity to the larynx signal. It was found that the threshold should be set 9 dB below the larynx signal. The reliability of the measurements depends to a large degree on the accurate calibration of the instrument. In sentences lacking nasal consonants, produced by normal speakers, some nasal segments were registered at word boundaries and at the end of phrases. In the patient material these segments tended to be broader and additional segments were also found. PMID- 3912979 TI - Silicone carpal implants: risk or benefit? AB - The present report is based on assessment of 48 patients who underwent carpal Silastic H.P. implant arthroplasty (trapezium, condylar, scaphoid, lunate and scapholunate implants). Mean follow-up period was 29 months (range 6-82). Recurrent pain and/or evidence of wrist synovitis and lytic lesions made early subsequent surgery necessary in 10 patients. In the remaining 38 patients the post-operative course was followed for an average period of 33 months (range 8 82). Severe giant-cell silicone synovitis combined with isolated or disseminated osteolytic lesions were found in 17/30 (56%) patients with scaphoid or lunate implants and in 2/18 (11%) with other types of Silastic carpal implants. Well defined cysts were observed within 8 months of insertion of the implant. Morphologically, an erosive giant-cell synovitis was regularly seen, with large quantities of intra- and extracellular silicone debris. Abraded material was also observed in central parts of normal bone and in lymph node tissue distant from the implant. The ultimate tissue response to this propagation of silicone particles is unknown. The situation is of great concern and the continued use of proximal carpal Silastic H.P. implants should at present be seriously questioned. PMID- 3912980 TI - For Borje Kuhlback on the occasion of his 60th birthday. Papers presented at the autumn meeting of the Finnish Society of Nephrology. 16 November 1984, Helsinki, Finland. PMID- 3912981 TI - Renal allograft glomerulonephritis. AB - The analysis of 1282 renal transplantations revealed 14 cases of allograft glomerulonephritis (GN). Membranous GN was found in seven patients, in four of whom the GN appeared de novo. IgA GN was evident in three cases and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and mesangiocapillary GN type 1 in two cases each. The signs of GN were detected 0.5-72 months after transplantation. The most common clinical sign indicating an allograft biopsy was nephrotic syndrome. Deterioration of the graft function was often seen and it was usually associated with chronic rejection. PMID- 3912982 TI - Evidence that renin substrate (angiotensinogen) may be a precursor of erythropoietin. AB - We suggested a role for renin substrate (RS, angiotensinogen) in the biogenesis of erythropoietin (EP) (Nature 308:649-652, 1984). Purified RS was prepared from pooled plasma of healthy adult subjects, or from plasma of pregnant, healthy females. Antisera against human RS were shown to cross-react with purified human urinary EP, using a haemagglutination technique. On the other hand, antisera generated against highly purified human urinary EP showed strong cross-reaction with purified human plasma RS, by agglutinating erythrocytes covered with glutaraldehyde-coupled human RS. Moreover, using antisera generated against RS or EP, we have demonstrated monocytoid cells staining positive for both EP and RS in cerebellar haemangioblastoma tumors from 8 patients. Taken together, these observations point to a close relation between RS and EP. One interesting explanation is that renin substrate may be a precursor of erythropoietin. PMID- 3912983 TI - Hypertension and progression of experimental nephritis. Interaction between immunological and haemodynamic factors. AB - Hypertension has been shown to accelerate the course of experimental nephritis. On the other hand, Heymann nephritic rats undergoing long-term DOCA-NaCl treatment develop hypertension with a malignant course. The present study examined the effect of a short-term DOCA-NaCl load on the development of hypertension and progression of nephritis. Heymann nephritic rats were treated with DOCA-NaCl between weeks 2 and 6 after the first immunization with brush border antigen. Within six weeks, hypertension developed in Heymann nephritis DOCA-NaCl rats but not in Heymann nephritic rats without DOCA-NaCl treatment whereas DOCA-NaCl-treated rats developed a moderate elevation of blood pressure. During that time, anti-brush border antibodies and immune deposits typical of membranous nephropathy ensued, preceding appearance of proteinuria or histopathologically detectable renal changes in the immunized rats. After discontinuation of DOCA-NaCl treatments at week 6, blood pressure nearly normalized in DOCA-NaCl-treated rats. Within one year, however, blood pressure rose most markedly in nephritic rats treated initially with DOCA-NaCl. The rise in blood pressure at that time correlated with glomerular sclerosis, tubulo interstitial changes and proteinuria. It is concluded that, during acute nephritis, immunological and hypertensinogenic mechanisms interact, leading to hypertension and aggravated course of nephritis. These experimental observations on nephritis-associated hypertension may have important bearings on human hypertension as well. PMID- 3912984 TI - The introduction of active nephrological therapy at the Fourth Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki. PMID- 3912985 TI - Kidney transplantation in diabetic renal failure. A clinical and physiological study. AB - The results of kidney transplantation in 100 consecutive diabetic patients, transplanted between December 1972 and June 1982, are presented. Cardiac function was studied in parallel using non-invasive methods (phonocardiography, apexcardiography, carotid pulse tracing and M-mode echocardiography) in a subsample of the patients before transplant (n = 27) and repeatedly after successful transplant (n = 17). The study period was divided into two parts: 1972 1976 (era I, 21 patients) and 1977-1982 (era II, 79 patients). A high percentage of living related donors (LRD) characterised era II. A group of 168 non-diabetic patients, aged 20-54 years, served as controls to the 72 juvenile-onset diabetics during era II. During era II both patient (PS) and graft (GS) survival had improved considerably compared to era I. Actuarial PS was comparable to non diabetic controls in the three years following transplant in both recipients of LRD (82% vs 97%) and cadaveric donor (CD) kidneys (70% vs 77%) and, in addition, in LRD recipients for five years (79% vs 88%). In diabetic LRD recipients, actuarial GS was similar to controls until five years after transplant (68% vs 72%) but was inferior in CD recipients at three years (37% vs 56%, p less than 0.05). The overall GS in CD transplantation was influenced positively by a high success rate in retransplantation. Cardiac mortality was low after successful transplant but increased substantially after graft failure. Peripheral vascular insufficiency was the dominating posttransplant complication and primary cytomegalo viral infections were common also. Hypertension was a constant finding pretransplant and posed a problem also at posttransplant, despite good graft function. Rejection accounted for the majority of primary graft failures. Stable glomerular filtration rate prevailed after successful transplant in LRD recipients. Hospital stay during the first three years following successful transplant in LRD recipients averaged one month per year, about twice as long as for controls. Rehabilitation was good, however, in these diabetics. The left ventricular (LV) function was severely compromised pretransplant, with impaired diastolic function and a pronounced LV hypertrophy as the most prominent features. The LV systolic function was well preserved in relation to end-systolic wall stress. The haemodynamic situation was that of a hyperdynamic circulation. Successful transplantation was associated with a gradual reversal of hypertrophy, normalisation of end-systolic wall stress and a raise in myocardial contractility.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3912986 TI - Cancer among farmers. A review. AB - During the performance of routine tasks farmers may come in contact with a variety of substances, including pesticides, solvents, oils and fuels, dusts, paints, welding fumes, zoonotic viruses, microbes, and fungi. Because some of these substances are known or suspected carcinogens, the epidemiologic literature regarding cancer risks concerning farmers has been reviewed. Farmers had consistent deficits for cancers of the colon, rectum, liver, and nose. The deficits for cancer of the lung and bladder were particularly striking, presumably due to less frequent use of tobacco among farmers than among people in many other occupational groups. Malignancies frequently showing excesses among farmers included Hodgkin's disease, leukemia, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma, and cancers of the lip, stomach, prostate, skin (nonmelanotic), brain, and connective tissues. The etiologic factors that may contribute to these excesses in the agricultural environment have not been identified. Detailed, analytic epidemiologic studies that incorporate environmental and biochemical monitoring are needed to clarify these associations. PMID- 3912987 TI - Work with video display terminals among office employees. III. Ophthalmologic factors. AB - The present ophthalmologic study is the third part of a major epidemiologic health investigation on work with a video display terminal (VDT). An initial study showed that VDT operators replying to a questionnaire reported more eye discomfort than a reference group not employed in VDT work and that women reported more eye discomfort, musculoskeletal discomfort, headache, and skin disorders than men, irrespective of whether or not they were employed in VDT work. In the present study the ophthalmologic history of eye diseases and eye discomfort yielded a much lower percentage response for symptoms and discomfort than the questionnaire, and, just as with visual acuity and refraction, there was no difference between the exposed and reference groups or between the men and women. The exposed subjects were found to be overcorrected in terms of presbyopia addition in relation to work distance. As regards ocular examination findings, low frequency rates were noted for pathological lens opacities. Opacities of this kind were slightly more frequent among the VDT operators than among the referents, but the difference was not statistically significant. There were no other differences in the ocular findings of the exposed and reference groups. PMID- 3912988 TI - Hypertension in the elderly. PMID- 3912989 TI - Is routine ultrasound before termination of pregnancy worthwhile? PMID- 3912990 TI - Was Mary, Queen of Scots, anorexic? AB - Medical historians have traditionally believed that Mary, Queen of Scots, suffered from gastric ulceration which began when she was aged thirteen years. More recent evidence indicates that she may have suffered from porphyria with her first severe attack occurring when she was aged twenty four years. The medical history of Queen Mary's teenage years is reviewed and thought to be compatible with a diagnosis of anorexia nervosa. A brief outline of the historical awareness, diagnostic criteria and epidemiological aspects of anorexia nervosa supports this view. PMID- 3912991 TI - The Glasgow Royal Maternity Hospital 1834-1984. 150 years of service in a changing obstetric world. PMID- 3912992 TI - [Met-enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7 like immunoreactive substances in periaqueductal gray of the rabbit have an analgesic effect and participate in electroacupuncture analgesia]. PMID- 3912993 TI - A mucoid, sucrose-positive Vibrio parahaemolyticus strain isolated from diarrhoeal stool. PMID- 3912994 TI - Localisation of parathyroid tissue by ultrasound and computerised tomography scanning--a case report. PMID- 3912996 TI - [Relaxation technics and psychoanalysis]. PMID- 3912995 TI - Historical perspectives on the development of health systems modeling in medical anthropology. AB - The call for macro health systems models which emerged in medical anthropology in the mid-1970s from the field's most respected thinkers has a deep theoretical history and can also be related to theoretical developments in sociology, clinical medicine and international public health. The trends leading to a recognition of the need for modeling by medical anthropologists have been the source of some of medical anthropology's limitations and weaknesses as well, especially the failure to fulfill the field's promise as a biocultural bridge for the parent discipline. PMID- 3912997 TI - [Therapeutic relaxation in children]. PMID- 3912998 TI - [The bodily approach to therapy]. PMID- 3912999 TI - [Psychotherapy and medical relaxation. An interview with Dr. J-Cl. Benoit]. PMID- 3913000 TI - [Statico-dynamic relaxation]. PMID- 3913001 TI - Acetylcholinesterase activities in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Plasmodium falciparum cerebral malaria. AB - Serum cholinesterase (CHE) and acetylcholinesterase (ACHE) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were determined simultaneously in 30 patients with P. falciparum cerebral malaria. Nineteen patients (63%) had low serum CHE and mean value of this serum enzyme in 30 patients was significantly lower than that of non-infected group. CSF ACHE levels were found to be significantly lower than those of normal subjects reported earlier. Post-treatment in the hospital for one week, both serum CHE and CSF ACHE levels in 9 convalescent subjects increased significantly. These findings indicated that both serum CHE and CSF ACHE levels were depressed in patients with cerebral malaria and increased on recovery. PMID- 3913002 TI - Biochemical aspects of drug action and resistance in malaria parasites. AB - Biochemical aspects of action of antifolates and 4-aminoquinolines and their resistance in the malaria parasites are reviewed, with emphasis on pyrimethamine and chloroquine respectively. Resistance to pyrimethamine has been shown to be associated with either an increase in the amount of parasite dihydrofolate reductase or a reduced affinity of the enzyme for drug binding, in line with the presence of a distinctive pathway for folate metabolism. The theories for drug synergism in the folate pathway are discussed with respect to resistance to pyrimethamine and its combination with sulpha drugs. The biochemical basis for chloroquine resistance is still unclear, reflecting incomplete understanding of its mechanism of action. Data implicating the role of haemozoin and other components as a putative chloroquine receptor of the parasites are reviewed, and possible explanations for resistance are discussed. PMID- 3913003 TI - [Clinico-ultrasonic parallels in puerperal mastitis]. PMID- 3913004 TI - [Treatment of peptic ulcer with solcoseryl and etimizol]. PMID- 3913005 TI - [Medical workers during the revolution 1905-1907 (on the 80th anniversary of the first Russian revolution)]. PMID- 3913006 TI - [Use of estulic in patients with arterial hypertension]. PMID- 3913007 TI - [Bezoars of the stomach and duodenum]. PMID- 3913008 TI - [Renin-angiotensin and the kallikrein-kinin systems at early stages of arterial hypertension]. PMID- 3913009 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of non-clostridial anaerobic peritonitis]. PMID- 3913010 TI - [S.E.M. study of the damage to the enamel caused by the removal of orthodontic brackets]. PMID- 3913011 TI - Resistogram typing of Candida albicans isolates from oral and cutaneous sites in irradiated patients. AB - Thirteen resistogram strains of Candida albicans were found among isolates obtained from the mouth and cutaneous sites of irradiation of 27 patients receiving treatment for oral and laryngeal cancer. In all cases the yeast was recovered from the mouth before treatment, but not from the skin site until after treatment had begun. Of the 27 patients, 25 harboured one or more strains with identical resistograms in both sites. PMID- 3913012 TI - Suppression of ATP in Candida albicans by imidazole and derivative antifungal agents. AB - Several antifungal agents, at concentrations of 10 micrograms/ml, were shown to suppress ATP concentrations very rapidly in intact cells and spheroplasts of Candida albicans. The highest ATP-suppressing activity was shown by the highly lipophilic imidazole derivatives difonazole, clotrimazole, econazole, isoconazole, miconazole, oxiconazole and tioconazole, which all caused a reduction of cellular ATP content of more than 50% in 10 min. Relatively hydrophilic imidazole derivatives such as ketoconazole were essentially inactive in the test, as were the triazole derivatives fluconazole, ICI 153066, itraconazole and terconazole, and 5-fluorocytosine. Amphotericin B and terbinafine possessed intermediate ATP-suppressing activity, and the dose response and pH-response curves for these compounds suggested their mechanism of ATP suppression differed from that of the active imidazole derivatives. ATP suppression by azole antifungals did not involve leakage of ATP from the cells and the effect was entirely abrogated by the presence of serum. Intact cells and spheroplasts of yeast-form and hyphal-form C. albicans were generally equally sensitive to ATP suppression, but stationary-phase cells of both morphological forms were less sensitive than exponential-phase cells. The extent of ATP suppression was significantly reduced in stationary-phase yeast cells of a C. albicans strain with known resistance to azole antifungals, but exponential-phase cells of resistant and susceptible strains were equally sensitive. The effect is tentatively ascribed to membrane damage caused directly by the antifungals. PMID- 3913014 TI - [Partial denture restorations without pain]. PMID- 3913013 TI - Effect of oxiconazole and Ro 14-4767/002 on sterol pattern in Candida albicans. AB - The effect of the imidazole oxiconazole and the morpholine derivative Ro 14 4767/002 on the sterol metabolism of Candida albicans was investigated at different periods of growth. Ergosterol, representing the main sterol component of control cells, was markedly reduced in oxiconazole-treated and Ro 14-4767/002 treated cells. However, the total sterol content of the cells treated with both drugs was increased due to accumulation of other sterols not present in control cells: in oxiconazole-treated cells 24-methenedihydrolanosterol, 4,14 dimethylfecosterol and 14-methylfecosterol accumulated, indicating an inhibition of C14-demethylation. This is in agreement with the mode of action described for other azoles in various pathogen fungi. In Ro 14-4767/002-treated cells the main sterol accumulated was ignosterol, indicating an inhibition of delta 14-sterol reductase and delta 8-delta 7-isomerase. This inhibition has not been described before in human pathogens although it has been previously found in plant pathogenic fungi treated with fenpropimorph. PMID- 3913015 TI - [Dentin hypersensitivity following grinding of vital teeth]. PMID- 3913016 TI - [Emergency management of paralysis and hemorrhage]. PMID- 3913017 TI - [Complete denture restorations without pain]. PMID- 3913018 TI - [Cosmetic restoration using a veneering technic with a photocured adhesive resin and a preformed mastique veneer--2]. PMID- 3913019 TI - [Is a turbine necessary for root canal preparation?]. PMID- 3913020 TI - [Concerns in complete denture construction in a case of flabby gums]. PMID- 3913021 TI - [Surgical preparation for denture construction in patients with flabby gums]. PMID- 3913022 TI - [Minor tooth movement, curettage and splints in the management of periodontal disease--a case study]. PMID- 3913023 TI - [Castable apatite ceramics--development and clinical application--1]. PMID- 3913024 TI - [Oral surgery in Japan: its past and present]. PMID- 3913025 TI - [2 false teeth in the Tokugawa Epoch--the cases of Genpaku Sugita and Bakin Takizawa]. PMID- 3913026 TI - [Medico-dental and pharmacological history. 69. Secret guide to oral medicine, published in 1762. 9]. PMID- 3913027 TI - [Castable apatite ceramics--development and clinical application--2]. PMID- 3913028 TI - [Program for the maintenance of healthy teeth]. PMID- 3913029 TI - [2 false teeth in the Tokugawa Epoch--the cases of Genpaku Sugita and Bakin Takizawa]. PMID- 3913030 TI - [Miscellaneous records of medico-dental and pharmacological history. 70. Secret book on oral medicine published in 1762. 10]. PMID- 3913031 TI - [Changes in the microbes isolated from the infections in the mouth]. PMID- 3913032 TI - [Pressure stimulation thresholds of persons with implanted abutments]. PMID- 3913033 TI - [A complete bridge for partial edentulousness]. PMID- 3913034 TI - Intermediate dose methotrexate (IDM) in children with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). An update. PMID- 3913035 TI - [Education. Should professional literature be brought to the students or should they look for it themselves?]. PMID- 3913037 TI - [Gene splicing. Counseling should closely follow developments in gene technology]. PMID- 3913036 TI - [Education should start at home]. PMID- 3913038 TI - [A risk of airway obstruction when performing dental treatment--a case which did not cause any problems]. PMID- 3913039 TI - Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis: a review. PMID- 3913040 TI - [Orthodontic pretreatment and its place in prosthetics. Orthodontic treatment needs in cases under advanced study]. PMID- 3913041 TI - [Cerestore--the material of the future in making dental crowns?]. PMID- 3913042 TI - [Rheumatologic problems in geriatric medicine]. PMID- 3913043 TI - [Drug interactions in the elderly]. PMID- 3913044 TI - [Arterial hypertension in geriatrics]. PMID- 3913045 TI - [Immunology and aging]. PMID- 3913047 TI - Henry Hyde Salter (1823-71): a biographical sketch. PMID- 3913046 TI - On the medical history of xanthines and other remedies for asthma: a tribute to HH Salter. PMID- 3913048 TI - [Critical study of methods of postmarketing drug surveillance]. PMID- 3913049 TI - [Cardiac toxicity of vinca alkaloids. Critical review of the literature]. PMID- 3913050 TI - [Aluminum oxide-ceramic implants today--a survey]. PMID- 3913051 TI - [The Tubingen implant]. PMID- 3913052 TI - [Implantology: trends and current status]. PMID- 3913053 TI - [Health and nutritional status of 'alternatively' fed infants and young children, facts and uncertainties. I. Definitions and general health status indicators]. AB - In this first article out of a series of two articles, a critical review of available scientific information on the nutritional consequences of alternative and especially vegan-type food habits in infants and preschool children is presented. This article involves definitions and information on general health indicators, such as the health of mothers during pregnancy and the growth and development of children. Some difficulties in interpreting available literature are also discussed. Many of the available case studies do not seem to be representative for population groups of infants and children fed alternative diets. Population studies mostly lack a control group and do not provide information on whether the sample is representative or not. Because of changing alternative food habits, some studies may be outdated. Alternatively fed toddlers six months to three years old, especially macrobiotics and veganists, seem to be somewhat smaller than their counterparts eating mixed diets, whereas there is some evidence of increased growth after the age of two years. The significance of these differences is not completely clear. PMID- 3913054 TI - [Health and nutritional status of 'alternatively' fed infants and young children, facts and uncertainties. II. Specific nutritional deficiencies; discussion]. AB - This article, which is the second in a series of two articles, discusses available scientific information on the nutritional status of infants and preschool children on alternative diets with regard to calcium, iron, vitamin B12 and D. Some favourable aspects of alternative food habits in such children are also mentioned. Most studies report low intakes of vitamin D and in vegan and macrobiotic children also of calcium and vitamin B12, but it cannot be excluded that some alternative sources of these nutrient may have been missed. Deficiencies have been described for vitamin D and B12 but the evidence is often unconvincing. For example, exposure to sunlight has not been measured in most of the studies on rickets. From the literature available, it would appear that there is a need for longitudinal research on the growth and development of alternatively fed infants and preschool children and for information on the nutrient composition of alternative foods. PMID- 3913055 TI - Neutralization of proteolytic and hemorrhagic activities of Costa Rican snake venoms by a polyvalent antivenom. AB - The polyvalent antivenom produced at the Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Costa Rica, was tested for its capacity to neutralize proteolytic and hemorrhagic activities of ten Costa Rican crotaline venoms. In experiments with preincubation of venom and antivenom, the latter efficiently neutralized proteolytic activities of nine venoms, with ED50 ranging from 50 to 300 microliters antivenom/mg venom. The venom of Bothrops nummifer was neutralized less efficiently (ED50 = 760 microliters/mg.) Antivenom was also very effective in neutralizing hemorrhagic activity, having its lowest neutralizing ability against the venom of B. picadoi (ED = 430 microliters/mg) and its highest towards the venom of B. asper (Pacific region) (ED50 = 47 microliters/mg). There was a significant correlation between the ability of antivenom to neutralize proteolytic and hemorrhagic effects. In spite of the ability of antivenom to neutralize hemorrhage when incubated with venom prior to injection, hemorrhage was only partially neutralized when antivenom was administered i.v. at different time periods after envenomation. This suggests that the rapid development of local hemorrhage, instead of the absence of antivenom antibodies, is the explanation for the poor neutralization observed in these types of experiments. PMID- 3913056 TI - A rapid, simplified enzyme immunoassay stick test for the detection of ciguatoxin and related polyethers from fish tissues. AB - A simplified and rapid enzyme immunoassay stick test is presented in this study. The salient feature of this test is the use of a coating (Liquid Paper) on the stick to adsorb the lipid ciguatoxin and its related polyether toxins onto the stick. This rapid solid phase stick test has been able to differentiate clinically implicated fishes (14 samples) from non-toxic (60 samples) with P less than 0.005. Comparison of the stick test with the enzyme immunoassay procedure with the positive fish samples demonstrated a good correlation. All samples were positive by both procedures. Further comparison of the stick test, enzyme immunoassay and the mouse bioassay with unknown fish samples showed good relationships between the three procedures. Examination of 71 Seriola dumerili, a fish generally implicated in ciguatera poisoning, with the stick test procedure showed that 89% of the fishes were non-toxic and thus consumed without any incidence of ciguatera poisoning. Analysis of graded concentrations of ciguatoxin, in ng/ml of methanol, showed a typical immunological precipitation pattern. The stick test as conceived is simple and rapid, while retaining its sensitivity and specificity to detect ng levels of ciguatoxin and its related polyether toxins. It is suggested that the stick test will be valuable in the screening of ciguatoxin and related polyether toxins in contaminated fish tissues. PMID- 3913057 TI - Cold-reacting antinuclear factor in sera from patients with primary glomerular diseases. AB - Antinuclear factor (ANF) was determined in sera from patients with primary glomerular diseases to evaluate the autoimmune nature of this disorder. Sera from 61 patients with various types of glomerular disorders were assayed for ANF by the fluorescent antinuclear antibody (FANA) technique at 37 degrees C and 4 degrees C. Thirty healthy adults served as controls. Cold-reacting ANF, which was detected predominantly in the class of IgM, was observed in 54 out of 61 patients with various types of primary glomerular disorders. The nuclear staining pattern was "speckled". Sera from healthy adults did not show any positive signs of ANF. It is suggested that some autoimmune mechanisms may be involved in the development of primary glomerular diseases. PMID- 3913059 TI - Remote diagnosis via a telecommunication satellite--ultrasonic tomographic image transmission experiments. AB - An experiment to transmit ultrasonic tomographic section images required for remote medical diagnosis and care was conducted using the mobile telecommunication satellite OSCAR-10. The images received showed the intestinal condition of a patient incapable of verbal communication, however the image screen had a fairly coarse particle structure. On the basis of these experiments, were considered as the transmission of ultrasonic tomographic images extremely effective in remote diagnosis. PMID- 3913058 TI - Study of renovascular hypertension in rat. II. Effects of converting enzyme inhibitor (captopril) in the acute and chronic stages of two-kidney one-clip Goldblatt hypertension in rat. AB - Two-kidney, one-clip Goldblatt models were produced in Wistar rats by placing a stenotic clip around the left renal artery. The animals were classified into three groups according to the time when captopril was started. In group 1 rats captopril was begun on the day following the operation and was continued for 6 weeks. During this period hypertension did not develop. In group 2 in which captopril was started 4 weeks after placement of the renal arterial clip, the blood pressure remained high as late as 12 weeks despite of continued administration of the drug. However, in group 3, captopril which was started 12 weeks postoperatively was very effective in correcting high blood pressure. In the sham operated group the blood pressure was unchanged by captopril administration. These results suggest that the role of renin-angiotensin system seems to vary according to the stages of experimental hypertension and that at least in the acute and chronic stage of two-kidney one-clip Goldblatt hypertension angiotensin II may play a major role in initiation and maintenance of high blood pressure. PMID- 3913060 TI - Leukaemia induction in man by radionuclides and some relevant experimental and human observations. PMID- 3913061 TI - Liver cancer induction by 241Am and thorotrast in deer mice and grasshopper mice. PMID- 3913062 TI - Healthy corneal endothelium and the effects of intraocular surgery. PMID- 3913063 TI - Control of postoperative astigmatism. AB - The surgical technique of wound opening and closure for planned extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) and posterior chamber lens implantation is described and the final postoperative corneal astigmatism is analysed and discussed. A prospective study of 720 cases divided into 2 groups was undertaken; Group I using the Terry surgical keratometer and Group II not using the Terry Keratometer. Out of 3 surgeons, only one had statistically significant lower K readings in the early and late postoperative periods in Group I compared to Group II. The percentage of cases with final corneal astigmatism of 2 diopters or less in the early and late postoperative period is higher in Group I than in Group II. The factors influencing final postoperative corneal astigmatism are discussed. PMID- 3913064 TI - The prevalence of carotid artery disease in patients presenting with amaurosis fugax. AB - Ninety-five patients with amaurosis fugax were investigated for extracranial carotid artery disease. A doppler system combining imaging with spectrum analysis was used. Stenosis (greater than 25 per cent) and occlusion of the ipsilateral extracranial internal carotid artery occurred in 30 per cent and 26 per cent of patients respectively. The association of amaurosis fugax with ipsilateral carotid disease is highly significant. The role of this Doppler technique in the investigation of patients with amaurosis fugax is considered. PMID- 3913065 TI - New enteric vaccines: application of new knowledge of receptors and recognition in enteric infections. AB - Advances in understanding of the "receptors and recognition" mechanisms of virulence factors of enteric pathogens have been important in the development of enteric vaccines. Sophisticated techniques of molecular biology have proved essential to this endeavour. This review summarizes progress in development of vaccines against disease due to Vibrio cholerae, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Shigella and rotavirus enteric infections. All of these vaccines are undergoing, or are about to undergo, field trials. PMID- 3913066 TI - Studies on the biochemical basis of the interaction of the merozoites of Plasmodium falciparum and the human red cell. AB - The red cell membrane appears to possess receptors for malarial parasites which are species specific. Plasmodium falciparum invades red cells that have the surface sialoglycoproteins, glycophorins A, B and C. Several regions of these molecules are critical to parasite binding. Invasion of red cells by merozoites can be blocked by both antibodies directed to specific sites on glycophorin and tryptic fragments of these molecules. The parasites appear to bind to the red cells in a lectin-like fashion, since three monosaccharides, namely N-acetyl glucosamine (Glu NAc), N-acetyl-galactosamine (Gal NAc) and N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (Neu NAc), can specifically block parasite invasion in vitro. Neoglycoproteins made by coupling these sugars to BSA are particularly effective. Possible mechanisms of parasite attachment to and invasion of red cells are discussed. PMID- 3913067 TI - A cell biologist's view of host cell recognition and invasion by malarial parasites. AB - The migration of various Apicomplexan parasites through host cells and tissues is examined. Two approaches are taken. First a comparative examination of the invasive stages from an ultrastructural and biochemical viewpoint. Second a critical review of the mechanism of recognition and invasion of host cells. The ultrastructural organization of the invasive stages is highly conserved and invariably includes three classes of organelle whose probable functions can be deduced. These organelle classes are: The rhoptry/microneme/osmiophilic body/microsphere complex. These electron-dense, membrane-limited organelles are situated close to the parasite plasmalemma, and are often concentrated or specifically localized within the apical complex. Their contents are probably secreted by the parasite and induce various modifications in the host cell plasmalemma. However, it is concluded that the exact role of these organelles has not yet been determined nor their mechanism of action adequately evaluated. The microtubule cytoskeleton and associated structures (e.g., apical rings and conoid, etc.). These are structural organelles, and the microtubules probably direct the locomotion of the parasites. Locomotion is possibly achieved by a directed capping reaction. The plasmalemma and inner membrane vacuoles. The plasmalemma has a glycocalyx of varying complexity which includes molecules capable of host cell recognition and binding. It is speculated that host cell invasion is achieved by the directed capping of these molecules. Whilst appreciating the very specific nature of host cell recognition and invasion in some parasite stages (e.g., RBC invasion by the malarial merozoite), a marked contrast is observed in the ability of other stages of the malarial life-cycle (sporozoite and ookinete) to invade, migrate through, and escape from varied types of host cell.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3913068 TI - Human monocyte activation by supernatants from continuous cultures of Plasmodium falciparum. AB - When mononuclear cells derived from the blood of unsensitized adult Caucasians are incubated for 22 hours with supernatants from cultures of Plasmodium falciparum, there is a substantial stimulation of the phagocytic capacity of the adherent monocytes for anti-D sensitized red cells. This stimulatory effect is dependent on (i) a heat-stable factor in such supernatants, (ii) the presence of T lymphocytes in the mononuclear cell preparations and (iii) the occurrence of DNA synthesis in the mononuclear cell cultures. It is proposed that the malaria culture supernatant contains a mitogen which acts on non-allergized T lymphocytes and that the stimulation of such lymphocytes probably causes the release of a lymphokine which enhances the phagocytic activity of cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system. PMID- 3913069 TI - Anopheles flavirostris incriminated as a vector of malaria and Bancroftian filariasis in Banggi Island, Sabah, Malaysia. AB - Seven villages in Banggi Island, Sabah, Malaysia, were surveyed four times to evaluate the roles of local mosquitoes as vectors of malaria and Bancroftian filariasis. 11 species of Anopheles were found biting man. 53.9% of the anophelines caught were An. flavirostris, 27.1% An. balabacensis, 6% An. donaldi and 4.2% An. subpictus. Infective malaria sporozoites, probably of human origin, were found in two of 336 An. flavirostris and 12 of 308 An. balabacensis. Sporozoites, probably of a non-human Plasmodium, were found in An. umbrosus. Nine of 1001 An. flavirostris and four of 365 An. balabacensis harboured L2 or L3 filarial larvae identified as those of Wuchereria bancrofti. This is the first record of An. flavirostris as a natural vector of malaria and W. bancrofti in Sabah. PMID- 3913070 TI - Vector competence of Cartagena strain of Anopheles albimanus for Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax. PMID- 3913071 TI - Effect of extracellular protease production on bacteriophage sensitivity of Vibrio cholerae. AB - The effect of varying levels of extracellular protease production on the bacteriophage type of Vibrio cholerae 1621 serotype 01, biotype E1 Tor, has been investigated. It has been shown that the production of high levels of exoprotease can alter the apparent type of the strain by rendering it insensitive to infection by a number of bacteriophages. Prevention of a productive infection appears to be due to altered surface characteristics rather than to specific damage to the bacteriophages. Such altered surface characteristics may be due to auto-digestion. The importance of this observation to epidemiological studies of V. cholerae is noted and discussed. PMID- 3913073 TI - Cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis: a historical perspective. PMID- 3913072 TI - Plasmodium vivax malaria in a drug addict in Italy. PMID- 3913074 TI - Septicaemia in malignancy. PMID- 3913075 TI - Intestinal parasitoses & malnutrition. PMID- 3913076 TI - Newer drugs in the treatment of peptic ulcer. PMID- 3913077 TI - Salmonella typhimurium meningitis in childhood. PMID- 3913078 TI - [Treatment of sprained ankles with 5% benzydamine creme. A double-blind study]. PMID- 3913079 TI - A discussion of procedures for ultrasonic intensity and power calculations from miniature hydrophone measurements. AB - In this paper, some of the fundamental procedures for evaluating medical ultrasound fields using miniature hydrophones are discussed. Examples are considered for both static (fixed beam) and real-time (moving beam) ultrasound systems. Intensity and power quantities are calculated from hydrophone measurements using definitions contained in current standards, and where reasonable some simplified computational procedures are introduced. Assumptions implicit in common expressions for spatial average-temporal average intensity and ultrasonic power are identified, and in some cases illustrations of calculations using idealized pressure waveforms and beam shapes are given and compared with more exact results. Also, the adequacy of present guidelines for choosing the hydrophone size is evaluated using a simple time domain approach. This material is presented to augment and help clarify descriptions of procedures contained in existing standards, and to provide a basis for pursuing some of the more difficult problems associated with hydrophone measurements. PMID- 3913080 TI - The accuracy of duplex scanning in the evaluation of early carotid disease. AB - The accuracy of duplex scanning in 69 comparisons with biplanar angiography in the detection of early carotid disease has been assessed. The various criteria reported for the categorisation of less than 50% disease have been critically analysed. As part of the study, 50 internal carotid arteries of 25 young, presumed normal medical students of mean age 20 years have been examined. The results suggest that duplex scanning has the ability to grade less than 50% carotid disease into normal, 1-24% and 25-49% stenosis categories. The most sensitive indicator of early disease is obtained from the real-time B-scan. The waveform changes of the maximum frequency envelope were more sensitive than spectral broadening except where full spectral broadening was present. For confident assessment, the real-time B-scan and pulsed Doppler must always be used in conjunction. PMID- 3913081 TI - The validation of duplex scanning and continuous wave Doppler imaging: a comparison with conventional angiography. AB - Colour-coded continuous wave (CW) Doppler imaging and duplex scanning have been assessed prospectively in comparison with biplanar angiography for their accuracy in detecting significant arterial disease in the extracranial circulation. Of 96 comparisons with biplanar angiography, the sensitivity of Doppler imaging was 90% and specificity 98% in the detection of greater than 50% internal carotid stenosis and 86 and 100%, respectively, in the diagnosis of internal carotid occlusion. Of 85 comparisons with biplanar angiography, the sensitivity of duplex scanning was 93% and specificity 98% in the detection of greater than 50% internal carotid stenosis and 92 and 100%, respectively, in the diagnosis of internal carotid occlusion. The value of the peak systolic Doppler shift frequency of the internal carotid artery signal has proved to be the most reliable indicator of greater than 50% stenosis and is utilised in conjunction with a periorbital examination. It is concluded that both Doppler imaging and duplex scanning are effective screening techniques for the presence of significant (greater than 50%) internal carotid artery disease. PMID- 3913082 TI - Characterisation of carotid artery disease: comparison of duplex scanning with histology. AB - The ability of duplex scanning to characterise the component tissue of atheromatous lesions of the internal carotid artery and to detect ulceration has been examined in a histological study of 42 carotid endarterectomy specimens. The results suggest that the only component of atheromatous lesions of the internal carotid artery which can be characterised from the B-scan is calcification. The presence of ulceration, intraluminal and intramural thrombus, fibrous intimal thickening and necrosis are not related to the echogenic appearance of internal carotid stenoses and may not be detected reliably. B-mode imaging alone cannot reliably grade greater than 50% internal carotid stenoses, but when this is combined with pulsed Doppler in the technique of duplex scanning, accurate results may be obtained. PMID- 3913083 TI - Non-invasive ultrasonic cardiac output measurement in intensive care unit. AB - A non-invasive method for measuring cardiac output utilizing M-mode echography and pulsed Doppler ultrasound is described. Measurements were obtained in 26 of 29 randomly selected, mechanically ventilated patients. These values were compared with simultaneously measured cardiac outputs by thermodilution. There was a statistically significant linear relationship between Cardiac Output measured by Doppler (DCO) and Thermodilution (TDCO): DCO = 0.86 TDCO + 0.29 l/min (r = 0.96, n = 26, SEE = 0.45 l/min) over the range of 1.75-8.5 l/min. DCO had the additional advantage of measuring peak flow velocity and maximal blood flow acceleration during early systole, indices of left ventricular pumping ability. Ultrasonic monitoring of cardiac output may be an important supplement to invasive methods in critical care. PMID- 3913084 TI - Bibliography of biomedical ultrasound. No. 51. PMID- 3913085 TI - [To the letter]. PMID- 3913086 TI - [Role of the sympathetic nervous system in arterial hypertension]. PMID- 3913087 TI - [Genesis and adaptation of rhythmic movements]. PMID- 3913088 TI - Medical problems at Belsen Concentration Camp (1945). PMID- 3913089 TI - An automated blood culture system: the detection of anaerobic bacteria using a Malthus Microbiological Growth Analyser. AB - The Malthus Microbiological Growth Analyser has proved to be sensitive in detecting conductivity changes due to anaerobic metabolism in a number of widely used blood culture media. Freshly prepared cooked meat media and Thiol medium yielded the greatest gross conductivity changes, and were more sensitive of anaerobic metabolism than other media. Failure of the instrument to detect anaerobic metabolism was a problem particularly associated with growth in the thioglycollate medium. False positive detections of growth were attributed to a number of factors including electrode instability (6.0%) and bacterial contamination (8.75%). PMID- 3913090 TI - A histomorphometric study of osteomalacia in elderly females with fracture of the proximal femur. AB - Using standard histomorphometric indices on bone biopsies of trabecular bone volume, osteoid volume, the trabecular osteoid surface, the extent of the calcification front and the number of osteoid lamellae, a histomorphometric diagnosis of osteomalacia was made in three of 28 elderly female patients with fracture of the proximal femur. These patients also showed biochemical changes in the serum and deficiency of serum vitamin D. The 25 biopsies judged not to show osteomalacia showed a greater osteoid volume in the 12 patients who suffered an intertrochanteric fracture than in the 13 with a cervical fracture. Clinical biochemistry in these 25 patients showed considerable overlap between the normal range and that found in the patients with osteomalacic biopsies. PMID- 3913092 TI - Thompson House centenary, 1885-1985. PMID- 3913091 TI - The effect of oral alcohol on gastroenteropancreatic hormones in volunteers. AB - This study has examined changes in gastrointestinal hormones induced by alcohol. Ten normal volunteers consumed an orange and carbohydrate-containing drink on two separate occasions, with and without 50g alcohol. There was a significant hyperglycaemia associated with alcohol ingestion but no difference was noted in insulin or gastric inhibitory polypeptide in the two groups. Gastrin release was stimulated by alcohol but pancreatic polypeptide release and N-terminal glucagon release were both suppressed by alcohol. There was no difference in release of secretin or C-terminal glucagon in either group. PMID- 3913093 TI - The first heart transplant patient from Northern Ireland. PMID- 3913094 TI - The distinctiveness of Belfast medicine and its medical school. PMID- 3913095 TI - A lignocaine-prilocaine cream reduces venipuncture pain. AB - A new, topical anaesthetic formulation, EMLA 5% cream (Eutectic Mixture of Local Anaesthetics), and placebo have been compared in a randomized double-blind study of 51 children. The objectives were to test if EMLA diminishes pain from venipuncture, to evaluate possible adverse reactions, and to determine if there is any influence upon the ease with which the insertion procedure is carried out. Pain was evaluated using a three-graded verbal rating scale. EMLA relieved pain significantly better than placebo (p less than 0.001), and the procedure was considered to be easier after EMLA treatment. No oedema occurred, but a few cases of local redness and paleness were observed after EMLA treatment. However, these reactions were clinically insignificant. It is concluded that EMLA significantly reduces pain from venipuncture, and side effects are mild and transient. PMID- 3913096 TI - Ultrasonic reflex transmission imaging. AB - Reflex Transmission Imaging (RTI) is a new imaging method by which orthographic transmission images can be made using augmented B-mode equipment. Conventional transmission imaging requires acoustic coupling to large areas on both sides of the body, whereas RTI can be performed from one side with a single, small transducer probe. In this mode, transmission images in a plane normal to the beam are made by integrating the reverberations from beyond the focal zone of the transducer. These reverberations provide, in essence, a source of incoherent insonification from behind the focal plane. Preliminary in-vitro images have been made using a computer-interfaced rectilinear scanner with a 1-inch diameter f/2.8 transducer. The images have good resolution and signal-to-noise ratio, and a short depth-of-field. Backscatterer inhomogeneity is well smoothed. Transmission images provide information that is complementary to B-scans. RTI will allow both to be made with the same instrument and presented on the same display. A time gated reflection C-scan could be generated simultaneously. Other RTI modes, including an attenuation B-mode, also are discussed. PMID- 3913097 TI - A new scan conversion algorithm for ultrasound compound scanning. AB - An improved scan conversion algorithm for ultrasound compound scanning is proposed. In this algorithm, the input data in the spatial domain is sampled by the concentric square raster sampling (CSRS) method, and the display pixel data are filled by one-dimensional linear interpolation. The reconstruction error of the proposed algorithm is much smaller than that of other algorithms, because only one-dimensional, rather than two-dimensional, interpolation is involved. This algorithm greatly simplifies implementation of a real-time digital scan converter (DSC) for spatial compounding of ultrasound images. PMID- 3913098 TI - Analysis of a system for ultrasonic imaging of attenuation and texture in soft tissue. AB - Attenuation in tissue decreases both the amplitude and the bandwidth of a reflected ultrasonic signal. Only the amplitude is restored in conventional ultrasonic equipment by amplifying the signal in a time-gain-compensator. This paper describes a method for restoring both the amplitude and bandwidth of the signal and an implemention of this method is proposed. This consists of two main parts: a device for estimating the attenuation and a time-variable circuit. The time-variable circuit is controlled by the estimated attenuation such that its transfer function approximates the inverse of the transfer function of the attenuation within the transducer passband. Its output is then almost independent of the attenuation and contains information on the texture of the tissue. Both the texture and attenuation estimates are displayed graphically. The quality of the image of the texture can be improved by choosing a wideband transducer, since it is almost exclusively dependent of transducer bandwidth. PMID- 3913099 TI - Quantitative tests of a three-dimensional gray scale texture model. AB - A three-dimensional model for gray scale texture in ultrasound B-mode images has been extended to enable absolute quantitative predictions of echo signal levels and texture characteristics. The quantitative aspects of the model are tested with a phantom in which the ultrasonic scattering properties as well as the ultrasonic attenuation coefficient and the speed of sound are known as functions of frequency. Good agreement between theoretical predictions and experimental results was found in the overall brightness of B-mode images, in pixel value histograms, and in an autocorrelation function analysis of images. Passing quantitative tests is additional evidence that the model is a reliable tool for computer simulations involving many important facets of ultrasound B-mode imaging and tissue characterization. PMID- 3913100 TI - Can the formation of calcium oxalate stones be explained by crystallization processes in urine? PMID- 3913102 TI - [Epikeratoplasty in the surgical treatment of corneal opacities]. PMID- 3913101 TI - [Reaction of eye tissues to the implantation of various (in relation to the methods of fixation) models of intraocular lenses]. PMID- 3913103 TI - [Quantitative evaluation of a parabulbar method of drug administration]. PMID- 3913104 TI - [Prevention of injuries of the eye in agriculture]. PMID- 3913105 TI - [N.I. Pirogov's ideas and their reflection in current military surgery]. PMID- 3913106 TI - [Plastic surgery of the mandible in primary surgical treatment of gunshot wounds of the face]. PMID- 3913107 TI - [Sigmocystourethroplasty in bladder exstrophy in children]. PMID- 3913108 TI - [The place of N.I. Pirogov's works in the development of surgery in emergency and suppurative conditions]. PMID- 3913109 TI - [N.I. Pirogov's disciple Prof. P.Iu. Nemmert]. PMID- 3913110 TI - [N.I. Pirogov's contribution to the development of surgical anesthesia]. PMID- 3913111 TI - [Role of N.I. Pirogov in the development of blood transfusion]. PMID- 3913112 TI - [N.I. Pirogov and his scientific legacy]. PMID- 3913113 TI - [A method of treating villous tumors of the rectum]. AB - A method of dissection of the rectum mucosa together with the tumor is described. The mucosa defect is closed by bringing the mucous membrane down and putting stitches on all the circumference. Successful operations were performed on 7 patients. PMID- 3913114 TI - [Problems of the diagnosis and surgical treatment of incomplete internal fistulas of the rectum]. AB - An experience with the surgical treatment of 505 patients with incomplete fistulas of the rectum is analyzed. Preoperative methods of diagnosis are shown to be not very informative. Of determining importance for the selection of the method of surgery is the relationship of the fistula passage to the sphincter fibres. Data of the operation performed and of the nearest postoperative complications are presented. PMID- 3913115 TI - [Foreign body of the posterior mediastinum]. PMID- 3913116 TI - [Autotransplantation of the kidney in tuberculosis]. AB - Autotransplantation of the left kidney into the iliac zone was fulfilled. A direct pelvic-vesical anastomosis was made for total tuberculosis of the ureter, which resulted in perfect clinical recovery. The patient was reexamined 6 months later and found to be practically healthy. On the basis of the absence of the vesical-pelvic reflux in the autotransplanted kidney the authors propose to refuse of the intestinal plasty of the ureter in favour of the vesical-pelvic (pelvic-vesical) anastomosis. PMID- 3913117 TI - [A method of correcting cicatricial flexion contracture of the fingers]. AB - A method for elimination of the flexion cicatrical contracture of fingers used in 46 patients (109 fingers) is described. The operations included plasty of the flexion surface of the fingers by contrary trapezoid flaps cut from the palmar and lateral surfaces of the finger, displacement of the flaps towards each other and their suturing. In 43 patients (103 fingers) flexion cicatrical contractures have been completely eliminated. Long-term results were followed in 17 patients. No recidivations were noted. PMID- 3913118 TI - Application of the indirect enzyme immunoassay for the detection of antibodies against Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. AB - Sera from swine and rats experimentally infected with Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae and field sera from swine were investigated for antibodies against E. rhusiopathiae using the microtiter enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and, for comparison, the growth test (GT) and the agglutination test (AT). In principle there was a good correspondence between the results of EIA and those of the two other methods, but EIA and GT were more sensitive than AT. On the basis of the evaluation pattern of GT and AT on swine sera, EIA titers of 1/320 were considered as "chronic erysipelas titers". Compared with GT and AT, the EIA has some advantages: it is not influenced by contamination of the test sera, it takes only a few hours and using the microtiter system it is easy and economical to perform. PMID- 3913119 TI - Ascorbic acid in endocrine systems. PMID- 3913120 TI - Hormone secretion by exocytosis with emphasis on information from the chromaffin cell system. PMID- 3913121 TI - Autoimmune endocrine disease. PMID- 3913122 TI - Role of cytochromes P-450 in the biosynthesis of steroid hormones. PMID- 3913123 TI - [Criteria for administering physical therapy and medical rehabilitation in patients with cerebral infarcts]. PMID- 3913125 TI - [40 years of the Military Hospital in Zagreb]. PMID- 3913124 TI - [Acquired immune deficiency syndrome--AIDS]. PMID- 3913126 TI - [Echosonographic study of liver tumors. The need for directed biopsy]. PMID- 3913127 TI - [The academician Feofil Fabrilovich Ianovskii (on the 125th anniversary of his birth)]. PMID- 3913128 TI - [Chronic enterocolitis (review of the literature)]. PMID- 3913129 TI - [Hemodynamics in patients with chronic bronchitis after exposure to chemical substances (radiocardiographic data)]. PMID- 3913130 TI - [Radiocardiographic indicators in patients with rheumatic mitral heart defects]. PMID- 3913131 TI - [Forced diuresis as a method of active detoxication of the body]. PMID- 3913132 TI - [Glycosylated polyproteins of the gag complex in retroviruses and their possible biological role]. PMID- 3913133 TI - [Isolation of the internal proteins of the influenza virus by preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for obtaining monospecific antisera]. AB - The principal possibility of isolation of internal proteins (M and NP) of influenza type A (H1N1 and H3N2) and B viruses by SDS-PAG preparative electrophoresis and preparation of monospecific antisera to these proteins was demonstrated. The resulting preparations may be used for testing the biological objects by enzymeimmunoassay. PMID- 3913134 TI - [Development of an immunoenzyme test system for the quantitative demonstration of influenza virus hemagglutinin in biological specimens]. AB - A test system for the detection and quantitation of influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) in biological specimens by solid-phase enzyme immunoassay (SPEIA) is described. The test system implies sequential adsorption on polystyrene base of anti-HA guinea pig gammaglobulins, detectable HA-containing antigen, monospecific anti-HA rabbit serum, and peroxidase antirabbit conjugate. Adsorption of the HA containing antigen is run in the presence of a high concentration of nonionic detergent. The developed method is highly sensitive (0.3-0.5 ng in a specimen) and permits the detection and quantitation of HA in whole influenza virions, preparations of surface glycoproteins and in preparations of hemagglutinin recovered from virus particles. The analysis (after pre-sensitization of the polystyrene adsorbent) takes from 2 to 21/2 hours. The possibility of using the developed test system for control and standardization of inactivated influenza vaccines (whole-virion, split, and subunit) is discussed. PMID- 3913135 TI - [Serological characteristics of KAMA-51 monoclonal antibodies to the tick-borne encephalitis virus]. AB - KAMA-51 monoclonal antibodies to tick-borne encephalitis virus are produced by hybridoma obtained by fusion of splenocytes of mice immunized with this virus with myeloma X-653 cells. The antibody belongs to the IgG class, is active in the immunofluorescence test (IFT), does not react in CFT, and has no antihemagglutinating or neutralizing properties. In the IFT, it reacts with all viruses of the tick-borne encephalitis complex indicating their directivity to the groupspecific determinant of E protein. In the indirect IFT, antibody titres in the culture fluid are within the range of 1: 16-1: 62, in the ascitic fluids 1: 320-1: 640. Because of the wide range of interspecies reactions, KAMA-51 monoclonal antibody may be used for group detection of the tick-borne encephalitis complex viruses. PMID- 3913136 TI - [Properties of the nuclear polyhedrosis virus]. AB - Four passages of Barathra brassicae L nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) in Heliothis armigera Hbn caterpillars were carried out. B. brassicae NPV was found to be highly infective for caterpillars of both species. When H. armigera caterpillars were infected with B. brassicae NPV, reproduction of the latter occurred alongside with the induction of H. armigera latent virus. In subsequent passages the latent virus replaced the foreign NPV. It was noted in mixed infection that in the 2nd passage the activity of NPV decreased apparently due to interference of the viruses. PMID- 3913137 TI - [Cytolar microcarriers for the cultivation of surface-dependent cells]. AB - The results of trials of one of the microcarriers (MC) developed by the authors, Cytolar, synthesized from denaturated collagen are presented. Both primary chick embryo cell and green monkey kidney cell cultures and diploid fibroblast-like human embryo cells were successfully cultivated on these MC. The properties of the developed MC were not inferior to those of the best known analogues. PMID- 3913138 TI - [Use of immunoenzyme analysis to study the immune response of persons inoculated with influenza vaccines and in convalescents]. PMID- 3913139 TI - [Production of ascitic preparations of monoclonal antibodies]. PMID- 3913140 TI - [Mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory action of glucocorticoids]. PMID- 3913141 TI - [Acute alcoholic hepatitis]. PMID- 3913142 TI - [Drug lesions of the liver]. PMID- 3913143 TI - [Pathophysiology and treatment of renal osteodystrophy]. PMID- 3913144 TI - [Myocardial function in chronic kidney failure]. PMID- 3913145 TI - [Effect of antihypertensive drug treatment on the incidence of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in mild arterial hypertension]. PMID- 3913146 TI - [Myoglobinemia and myoglobinuria in myocardial infarct]. PMID- 3913147 TI - [New aspects of insulin therapy]. PMID- 3913149 TI - [Diagnostic value of ultrasonic tomography in thyroid tumors]. PMID- 3913148 TI - [Clinical significance of mold allergens in chronic enterocolitis]. PMID- 3913150 TI - [Autonomic neuropathy of the heart in diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 3913151 TI - [Parallel morphological, enzyme and immunological research on the jejunal mucosa in patients with gluten enteropathy, chronic nonspecific enteritis and ulcerative colitis]. AB - The results are reported from the study on 120 patients, 30 of them with gluten enteropathy, 50--with chronic unspecified enteritis and 40--with chronic ulcerous colitis. Small intestinal aspiration biopsy was performed to all patients with histomorphological, electron microscopic, enzymatic and immune-fluorescent study. The secretory immunoglobulins in the jejunal juice were studied in 40 patients. Morphological changes, various degrees, were established, that correlate with the increased number of IgG and IgM secretory cells. The exclusion of gluten from the diet in case of gluten enteropathy was followed by normalization of the number and percentage ratio of IgSC and of secretory immunoglobulins. The enzymatic and immune disorders, in chronic unspecific enteritis correlate with the electron microscopic and precede the histologic ones. The role of immune system of small intestine in the etiology and pathogenesis of the various intestinal diseases is discussed. PMID- 3913152 TI - [Evaluation of the effectiveness of procetofen in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia]. PMID- 3913153 TI - [Use of the preparation Cafaminol in the treatment of acute rhinitis]. PMID- 3913154 TI - [Polycystic degeneration of the kidney diagnosed by ultrasonics]. PMID- 3913155 TI - [The Medical Council of the Duchy of Warsaw and the Kingdom of Poland and its tasks as the highest authority in the control of professional activities (1839 1867)]. PMID- 3913156 TI - [Corvaton in the treatment of unstable angina pectoris]. PMID- 3913157 TI - [Fever of unknown origin in children]. PMID- 3913158 TI - [MaxEpa in multiple sclerosis]. PMID- 3913159 TI - [Established and new surgical procedures in the therapy of breast cancer]. AB - The established surgical procedure in the treatment of mammary cancer today is, without any doubt the modified radical mastectomy (Patey, Dyson). The adjuvant radiation therapy, following modified radical mastectomy, could not improve the all over survival of mammary cancer patients. Within the last years the breast conserving surgical procedures went more and more into the field of interest, especially of the patients. That is the reason, why these treatment-schedules should be considered very carefully according to thorough oncological principles. The radiation therapy within the conserving treatment is necessary as primary treatment in addition to surgery. PMID- 3913160 TI - Prospective randomized clinical trial: protoadjuvant chemotherapy vs. protoadjuvant radiotherapy in breast cancer stages T3/4, N+/-, M0. AB - Patients selected for neo-adjuvant therapy in this trial suffered from breast cancer stages T3/4, N0/+, M0. Selected patients were stratified and assigned to either pre- and post-operative chemotherapy (tamoxifen, fluorouracil, vincristine, methotrexate, cyclophosphamide, mitoxantrone) or radiotherapy by randomization. This interim report deals with side-effects and response rates of pre-operative therapy only. For this subgroup from 41 centres, 67 patients have so far been accepted for protocol treatment. 36 received peri-operative chemotherapy and 31 perioperative radiotherapy. We have completed reports of 66 pre-operative chemotherapeutic cycles pointing out only low side-effects in spite of a combination consisting of 5 different cytotoxic agents plus hormonal therapy. It is remarkable that 79% had no hair loss and 74% no gastrointestinal side-effects; in the chemotherapy-group 24 patients so far have been operated. Response rates were as follows: 1 (4%) complete remission, 9 (38%) partial remission, 7 (29%) minor response, 2 (8%) no response and 2 (8%) progression. In 2 patients response could not be determined. In the perioperative radiotherapy group 10 patients have been operated with similar response rates. It is interesting to note, that both therapies influenced receptor values in different ways: Chemotherapy decreased receptor values, whereas radiotherapy insignificantly increased them. The purpose of this study is to establish a rational base for post-operative cytotoxic treatment of patients as only patients who objectively respond to preoperative treatment are likely to benefit from postoperative drug administration. The study is open for enrollment until a total of 200 patients is reached. PMID- 3913161 TI - [The work of the important surgeons of the Erfurt "Academy of Useful Sciences" (1754-1945)]. PMID- 3913162 TI - [William Withering--200 years of digitalis]. PMID- 3913163 TI - [William Beaumont (1785-1853) and the physiology of digestion]. PMID- 3913164 TI - [New aspects of the biochemistry of vitamin C]. AB - Our investigations have brought new aspects of the biochemistry of ascorbic acid to light: Ascorbic acid exceeds the functions of a vitamin, since it not only has its known cofactor roles for several enzymes, but also affects the regulation of the levels of the circulating thyroid and adrenal cortical hormones. In guinea pigs the ability to detoxicate certain drugs, e.g. barbiturates, decreases with a minimal but not yet perilous supply of ascorbic acid. This symptom is connected with high blood levels of cortisol, which are probably also involved in the injuries to connective tissue known in scurvy. Guinea-pigs, which like man are dependent on ascorbic acid as an essential foodstuff, are able to adapt to high doses of ascorbic acid. Under these conditions they catabolize it at an increased rate. However, for a certain period after a sudden drop in the high dosage of ascorbic acid there is a danger that a hypovitaminotic, suboptimal metabolic state will develop. Oral and parenteral applications of ascorbic acid yield different results, since the organism limits the absorption of the physiological oral uptake. When this limit is exceeded, the liver in particular is unprotected and becomes swamped. The harmlessness of high doses of ascorbic acid probably holds true only in the case of oral uptake. PMID- 3913165 TI - [Nonionizing radiation and health]. PMID- 3913166 TI - [Principles and clinical use of patient nutrition]. PMID- 3913167 TI - [Collection and removal of wastes in dentistry]. PMID- 3913168 TI - [Prophylactic vaccination against typhoid]. PMID- 3913169 TI - [Tea--a drug? A brief historical examination]. PMID- 3913170 TI - [The relation of science and power demonstrated by the development of the Berlin Medical School from 1900 to 1945]. PMID- 3913171 TI - [Historical pathology of the 19th century and the modern understanding of epidemiology]. PMID- 3913172 TI - [The 1810 founding of Berlin University. On the 150th anniversary of the death of Wilhelm Freiherr v. Humboldt: his educational concept became reality]. PMID- 3913173 TI - [Filariasis in foreign immigrants]. AB - Among the patients of the Clinic for Infectious and Tropical Diseases of the County Hospital St. George Leipzig the frequency of the infestment with microfilaria in immigrated foreigners was established. Of 1925 examined patients 78 (4.1%) were infested with microfilaria. In 27 patients we succeeded in proving Wuchereria bancrofti and in 3 Brugia malayi, 43 showed Acanthocheilonema perstans, in 5 cases a double infection was present. PMID- 3913174 TI - [Qualitative evaluation of myocardial perfusion using digital subtraction angiocardiography]. AB - The purpose of this study was to discover whether the passage of contrast medium through the myocardium can be visualized by digital subtraction angiocardiography and whether myocardial perfusion can be determined qualitatively from the difference images. Cineangiograms (duration 20 s) were obtained during routine coronary angiography and analyzed by means of a computerized image processing system. The results show that the passage of contrast medium through the coronary artery system, myocardium and coronary veins can be visualized. In 10 patients myocardial perfusion at rest was classified qualitatively into four categories (well perfused, slightly reduced perfusion, markedly reduced perfusion and perfusion defect) from local contrast intensity and the time dependent wash-in phase of the contrast medium. Intra- and interobserver comparison of the qualitative estimation of myocardial perfusion showed a close correlation (p less than 0.001 to p less than 0.0001). In the same 10 patients myocardial perfusion at rest was evaluated from Tl-201 scintiscans by two independent observers. A comparison between the qualitative classification of local myocardial perfusion assessed by both methods revealed a close correlation (p +/- 0.049). These results indicate that myocardial perfusion at rest can be visualized by digital image processing and evaluated qualitatively from cineangiograms. PMID- 3913175 TI - [Evaluation of myocardial perfusion based on digital subtraction angiocardiography measured contrast medium flow times]. AB - The purpose of this study was to discover whether myocardial perfusion can be determined quantitatively by digital subtraction angiocardiography from the passage of contrast medium through the myocardium. Cineangiograms (duration 20 s) were obtained during routine coronary angiography and analyzed by means of a computerized image processing system. Regional myocardial contrast intensity was plotted versus time as a densogram for quantitative assessment. The parameter "medium rise time" showed a good reproducibility (r = 0.92). The average of medium rise time was 2.9 s in well-perfused areas, 3.7 s in less perfused areas, 5.2 s in areas with markedly reduced perfusion and 5.8 s for perfusion defects or scars using Tl-201 scintigrams as reference. The differences between the four groups were significant except between areas of markedly reduced perfusion and perfusion defects or scars (p less than 0.05). The correlation of medium rise time to the extent of the stenosis of the coronary vessel supplying the corresponding myocardial region revealed that the medium rise time on an average was 3.2 s distal to unstenosed vessels, 3.2 s distal to slightly stenosed vessels, 5.4 s distal to highly stenosed vessels and 4.7 s distal to vessel occlusion. The differences between the groups were not significant except between the groups of patients with low and high-grade coronary stenoses. These results indicate that the parameter "medium rise time" of the intensity-time curves determined by digital image processing provides a quantitative assessment of myocardial perfusion from cineangiograms. PMID- 3913176 TI - A review of nitrate therapy in stable angina, variant angina, unstable angina and myocardial infarction. PMID- 3913177 TI - Effect of intracoronary thrombolytic therapy on global and regional left ventricular function. A three year experience with randomization. AB - The effect of myocardial reperfusion on regional left ventricular function has been quantitated by analysis of segmental wall motion in 185 patients enrolled in a randomized trial comparing thrombolysis with conventional treatment in patients with acute myocardial infarction. When analyzing the hemodynamic data on an "intention to treat" basis we found a significant preservation of left ventricular function after thrombolytic therapy when compared to conventional treatment. In addition, the wall motion analysis showed that a significant improvement of regional function in the "infarct zone" was observed in inferior infarction as well as in anterior infarction, although significant changes in regional function of the remote "non infarct zone" were observed at the acute as well as at the chronic stage. However, our follow-up data indicate that as yet it has not been resolved whether this method of treatment does indeed improve prognosis in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Accordingly, we maintain the view that such invasive treatment should not be generally applied until more follow-up data become available from larger randomized trials. PMID- 3913178 TI - Cardiac transplantation. AB - During the past 17 years, cardiac transplantation has evolved from experimentation to reliable clinical application. Advances in this field have paralleled progress in cardiovascular surgery and in other branches of medicine. Technical aspects of donor procurement and recipient operation are outlined. Introduction of cyclosporine has been associated with improved results, but adverse side effects associated with this drug have prompted introduction of lower-dose cyclosporine regimens. Infection and rejection remain the most common and difficult complications after cardiac transplantation. Current survival exceeds 80% at one year, and more than 80% of one year survivors can be expected to be fully rehabilitated. Continuing research will focus upon improved control of the immune response and wider application of transplantation techniques. PMID- 3913179 TI - Cardiac transplantation--the London experience. AB - One hundred and forty-eight patients have undergone cardiac transplantation at Harefield Hospital since February 1980. The first 39 patients received an immunosuppressive regime of Azathioprine and oral steroids, resulting in a high incidence of infection and a survival rate at one year of 50%. Since September 1982, a combination of Azathioprine/Cyclosporine with minimal or no steroids has been employed. There have been 28 deaths in patients on the latter regime, resulting in an 82% survival rate at one year. Infection has been significantly reduced and 97% of rejection episodes have been successfully treated. Three patients have developed lymphoproliferative disease resolving on a reduction of immunosuppression. To date, there has been no evidence of chronic rejection in these patients. The elimination of oral steroids has improved both the survival and quality of life of patients after cardiac transplantation and may enable the scope of patients considered for transplantation to be widened. PMID- 3913180 TI - Heart transplantation--a two-year experience. AB - In July 1983, a heart transplant program was initiated. Up to September 1985, 72 orthotopic transplants in 69 patients (62 men, 7 women, age 9 to 55 years, mean 40.1 years) have been performed. All patients suffered from end-stage heart failure, which was due to coronary artery disease in 15 patients, congestive cardiomyopathy in 53 patients and endocardial fibrosis in one woman. All patients survived the operation, but there were 6 deaths within the first 30 postoperative days. Eight more patients died subsequently. Causes of death were rejection in 6, infection in 3, cerebral hemorrhage in 2, sudden death in 2 and pulmonary embolism in one patient. Actuarial survival at one and two years was calculated at 75%. The detection of allograft rejection was the major postoperative problem. This was achieved by serial endomyocardial biopsy and myocardial voltage monitoring via a telemetry pacemaker system. The lowest rate of organ toxicity, rejection and infection was achieved using a triple immunosuppressive regime including Azathioprine, Cyclosporine A and steroids with initial doses of antithymocyte globulin. It is concluded that heart transplantation can be regarded as a routine procedure for patients with intractable heart failure. The operative risk is limited, and an elaborate immunosuppressive regimen makes long term survival possible without obvious allograft deterioration. Cardiac transplantation should be seriously considered in patients under 55 years, who suffer from life-threatening heart failure not amenable to other modes of therapy. PMID- 3913181 TI - Heart transplantation: limitations and perspectives. AB - The intrinsic limitations of heart transplantation are the restricted availability of donated organs, patient selection, hospitalisation costs, and the limited capacity of cardiac surgery clinics. With a better understanding of organ transplantation and heart transplants in particular, both by the general public and the medical profession, improvements in the care of patients with terminal myocardial disorders seem to be possible with heart transplantation. The one year survival rate for heart transplants is 80%. The success of the treatment is determined by the hemodynamic capacity of the transplanted organ, security against rejection reactions, effects of cellular transplant reactions, and side effects of immunosuppression. Within defined limits heart transplantation is the best standardised method of treatment for terminal myocardial failure. PMID- 3913182 TI - Temporary left heart bypass and total artificial replacement. AB - Research into left heart assistance was initiated in Berlin in the 1960s with a small implantable pump between the left atrium and the aorta with an extracorporeal driving unit. From thereon, different blood pumps were developed from different materials, the latest types being made out of polyurethanes. Similar designs are used for the total artificial heart. Longest function times exceed 200 days, partly with problems similar to those of the artificial heart. Total artificial heart research began in 1962. The present system consists of 2 polyurethane blood pumps divided by 3 membranes into blood and energy transmission chambers. The longest testing function time is now more than 2 years. The outside driving units of different sizes and designs are connected with tubes and special quick connectors to the right and left atrium, aorta and pulmonary artery. Air capsulae for pressure measurements are incorporated. In addition to all the interesting hemodynamic parameters a great deal of analysis on hematology, biochemistry and metabolic function has been done. The longest survival time in animals is over 200 days. Complications and problems are mostly due to the material, in which small lesions, cracks or slight flaws in fabrication or biodegradation are the starting point for thrombosis and later on calcification. The number of patients who should be given temporary cardiac assistance or total replacement is discussed. PMID- 3913183 TI - Mitral reconstruction. AB - Since 1968, the mitral valve was repaired, rather than replaced, in 647 patients. During the same period, 2,223 patients underwent prosthetic mitral replacement. Short and long-term results of mitral repair compare favorably with those after valve replacement. Five-year actuarial survival was 89% after closed commissurotomy (213 patients), 87% after open commissurotomy (203 patients) and 81% after more complex reconstructive procedures (231 patients). The operative risk was below 3% in all groups, the risk of reoperation was between 0.7% and 3%/patient year. Reconstruction was feasible in 16 patients with "floppy valve" syndrome, in 73 patients with ruptured chordae of the posterior leaflet and in 7 patients with bacterial endocarditis, with good long-term results in all of these patients. The feasibility of mitral reconstruction depends on the pliability of the anterior mitral leaflet, which may be decreased in mixed rheumatic lesions. In these patients, we would recommend prosthetic replacement of the valve. It is concluded that superior results may be achieved by mitral repair as compared to mitral replacement. However, indication and surgical technique largely depend upon the individual experience of the surgeon. The postoperative function of the reconstructed valve can be reliably assessed during the operation by left ventricular infusion of cold cardioplegic solution. PMID- 3913184 TI - European coronary surgery study. AB - The results of the European Study apply to the patients who met the inclusion criteria of this study: men, aged under 65, with angina pectoris of more than three months' duration, 50% or greater intraluminal diameter narrowing in at least two major coronary arteries and good left ventricular function (ejection fraction greater than or equal to 50%). The results imply that prophylactic coronary bypass surgery should be considered only for those patients with angina who are at risk of premature death defined by the non-invasive prognostic predictors (ischemic abnormalities in the resting ECG, marked ST-depression during exercise, peripheral arterial disease, age) and the extent and size of coronary obstructions. The severity of angina is of limited relevance in this context. The patients in a low risk phase of the disease do not require surgery unless they have unacceptable symptoms in spite of adequate medical treatment. No evidence emerges to support the assumption that coronary bypass surgery protects against future myocardial infarction. Although surgery relieves angina pectoris and improves physical performance, it does not significantly delay retirement from work over a period of five years. PMID- 3913185 TI - [Carbohydrate metabolism and energy status of the skeletal muscle of the rat following various dosages of endotoxins]. PMID- 3913186 TI - [Impedance measurement in rapid clinico-bacteriologic diagnosis. Technical prerequisites for equipment and methodological principles]. PMID- 3913187 TI - An ultrastructural and immunocytochemical study on endocrine cells in the proximal duodenum of the echidna (Tachyglossus aculeatus). PMID- 3913190 TI - [Pathology in Cologne]. PMID- 3913189 TI - Hydrolase cytochemistry in murine rodent decidua, yolk sac, and placenta with special reference to proteases. PMID- 3913191 TI - [External and internal changes in the German Society of Pathology]. PMID- 3913192 TI - [Immunohistologic studies of macrophage infiltration and proliferation rate in breast cancer and in mastopathy]. PMID- 3913193 TI - Markers of mammary cell types and their use in tumor diagnosis. PMID- 3913188 TI - Effects of some drugs upon cytoskeletal microtubules as revealed by immunofluorescence technique with monoclonal antitubulin antibodies. PMID- 3913194 TI - [Carcinoembryonic antigen and breast cancer]. PMID- 3913195 TI - [Lectin binding of breast cancers]. PMID- 3913196 TI - [Immunohistochemical detection of CEA in metastasizing breast cancers with "normal" and absorbed commercial antiserum]. PMID- 3913197 TI - [Comparative morphologic and biochemical determinations of CEA and TPA in invasive breast cancers with special reference to lectin histochemistry and hormone receptor status]. PMID- 3913198 TI - [Frequency, histomorphological and immunohistochemical characterization of male breast cancers]. PMID- 3913199 TI - [Significance of lymphophagocytic infiltrates of breast cancers for lymph node metastasis]. PMID- 3913200 TI - [Mesenchymal tumors of the breast: immunohistochemistry and classification]. PMID- 3913202 TI - [Enzyme histochemical and immunohistochemical studies of the epithelial components of breast cancer]. PMID- 3913201 TI - [Tumor markers for differentiating between sinus histiocytosis and minimal axillary lymph node metastasis in lobular invasive carcinoma]. PMID- 3913203 TI - [Comparison of binding patterns of established and new monoclonal antibodies, of antisera and lectins with impulse cytophotometric and morphometric parameters and the hormone receptor status of breast cancer]. PMID- 3913204 TI - [50 years of pathology in Germany from the viewpoint of an Italian pathologist]. PMID- 3913206 TI - [What are the conditions of success with removable partial dentures?]. PMID- 3913205 TI - [Frederic Charles Roulet]. PMID- 3913207 TI - [Prevention and materials science]. PMID- 3913208 TI - [Preprosthetic diagnosis and therapy on the basis of the functional guide plane (FGS) system as a means of esthetic rehabilitation]. PMID- 3913209 TI - [Impression errors and their avoidance]. PMID- 3913210 TI - [Immediate implantation of IK implants]. PMID- 3913211 TI - [Problems of prosthetic treatment in the atrophic edentulous mandible]. PMID- 3913212 TI - [Dental ceramic dimensions before, during and after firing]. PMID- 3913213 TI - [Anterior tooth loss in adolescents with special reference to bonded bridges]. PMID- 3913214 TI - [Method and results of plastination for macromorphologic studies]. PMID- 3913215 TI - [Antibodies against ds-DNA and nucleoprotein in systemic lupus erythematosus- comparison of various determinative methods]. AB - Five methods for the detection of antibodies against ds-DNA and nucleoprotein were compared with respect to their usefulness for the diagnosis and monitoring of SLE: filter radio-immunoassay (filter RIA), enzyme immunoassay (EIA N) and Crithidia lucilia assay (CL-IF) for detecting anti-ds-DNA antibodies as well as enzyme-immunoassay (EIA NP) and a latex test (LE test NP) for detecting anti-NP antibodies. In testing 32 SLE patients we obtained the following sensitivities: filter RIA 78%, EIA N 87%, CL-IF 47%, EIA NP 73% and LE test NP 25%. Among 95 patients having ANA greater than or equal to 1:100 in their sera, but who had no clinical signs of SLE, anti-ds-DNA antibodies were detectable in 12% (filter RIA), 16% (EIA N) and 4% (CL-IF) as well as anti-NP antibodies in 35% (EIA NP) and 4% (LE test NP). Only filter RIA and EIA N were of significant value in differentiating active from inactive SLE. PMID- 3913216 TI - [Dihydrocyclosporin D--a new immunosuppressive?]. AB - The first preliminary clinical results with a new Cyclosporin derivative (Dihydrocyclosporin-D) are reported. The compound has no obvious nephrotoxic effect; but it exhibits a hepatotoxic effect, and frequently leads to hypertension. The clinical efficiency cannot yet be judged with certainty. PMID- 3913217 TI - [Experimental studies on the modifiability of ischemic acute renal failure by saralasin]. AB - To estimate the renal ischemia-protective effect of saralasin, model studies were performed on rats and dogs. Acute ischemic renal failure was induced in rats by clamping off the vascular pedicle for 90 minutes. When the drug was prophylactically administered before the ischemia episode, a premature increase in post-ischemic plasma urea level and a shortening of survival time of the animals were observed compared with the untreated control. Following auto transplantation of 24-hour cold-stored dog kidneys, the infusion of saralasin failed to improve renal blood flow (MRBF), glomerular filtration rate (KrCl) and fractional sodium excretion (FENa). On the other hand, the angiotensin blockade with captopril led to an increase in MRBF which was associated, however, with significant decreases in KrCl and FENa. This discrepancy was suggested to be due to a predominant postglomerular vasodilation. The results show that the application of saralasin before renal ischemia may aggravate the loss of renal function whilst the post-ischemic administration of the drug has no substantial effect on the acute failure of transplanted kidneys. PMID- 3913218 TI - [Bacteriologic, histologic and functional studies of the kidney in 5 days' therapy of experimental E. coli pyelonephritis with gentamycin. Comparison with 9 days' therapy]. AB - Short-term antibiotic treatment is recommended in infections of the lower urinary tract but its effectiveness is questioned in the upper urinary tract infections. We compared a 5 and a 9 day treatment of experimental E. coli 022 pyelonephritis after unilateral nephrectomy in 127 mal Wistar rats. We used 9 mg gentamycin per kg b.w. twice daily. I131 hippurat excretion was not decreased during the 5 day treatment but was only temporarily diminished during the 9 day treatment. Histologically the severe acute pyelonephritis was decreased after the 9 day treatment but not after 5 days of treatment. Bacteriologically almost all the kidneys were sterile after the 9 day treatment but the majority of the kidneys showed the injected strain of E. coli after the 5 day treatment. The results indicated that the shortened treatment was much less effective in our acute experimental pyelonephritis. PMID- 3913219 TI - [Renal sonography in childhood. Normal findings]. AB - In a prospective study 201 children with healthy kidneys were sonographically examined. Apart from the length unspecific parameters in the ultrasound tomogram, such as possibility to delimit the organ, echogenity and differentiation of the fine structure of the kidneys are demonstrated depending on age. The proportion of smoothly delimited kidneys before the 1st year of age was significantly lower than in the following years. With growing age the possibility to delimit mean echocomplex, renal medulla and renal cortex. In the 1st and 2nd trimenon the echo richness of the kidneys is to be valuated physiologically. The demonstrated dynamics of sonographic signs shall alleviate the age-specific judgement of renal diseases without disturbance of the urine transport. PMID- 3913220 TI - [Morphological research on DMSO-perfused kidneys]. AB - It is reported on the morphological investigations of kidneys which had been perfused with the cryoprotective dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). Some of these kidneys were stored for 72 hours at -4.5 degrees C and then retransplanted. The light microscopic and electron-optical findings show considerable changes of the cells of the proximal tubulus epithelium and the collecting tubules. These in most cases focal findings of different extension do not differ on principle from the results in preservation techniques without DMSO. The dilatation of the basal labyrinth of the tubulus cell as well as the fissuration and vacuolization in the cytoplasm give references to a passive transport of substance by the cell. The results of the DMSO-perfused and at -4.5 degrees C stored kidneys show that for a beginning of the function an optimal perfusion must be supposed. On the one hand a sufficient concentration of freezing defense remedies in the renal tissue is necessary, on the other hand an optimum removal of the DMSO in the reperfusion is necessary, in order to keep the osmotic load of the kidney as low as possible. PMID- 3913221 TI - [Combined immunosuppression (cyclosporin, azathioprine, methylprednisolone) in patients at immunological risk after kidney transplantation]. AB - Animal experiments have demonstrated a synergistic immunosuppressive effect when using the combination of ciclosporin (CS) and azathioprine (AZA) as immunosuppressant. On this basis these drugs were used in patients considered to be at high risk for immunological complications. Group I (immunological risk patients) consisted of 63 patients with a second or third graft and/or elevated cytotoxic antibodies above 30% against the test panel. In addition to the basic immunosuppressive therapy (CS) and methylprednisolone (MP), AZA was given in the first 2 weeks following transplantation. Group II (historical control) summarized immunological risk patients with conventional immunosuppressive therapy (AZA/MP). The IIIrd group with 28 patients on the above mentioned immunological risk were treated with CS and MP only. The results revealed a 2-year actuarial graft survival rate of 68% (groups I) versus 40% (group II) versus 52% (group III). There were no differences in WBC and platelet counts or in infectious complications. No malignancy was noticed. PMID- 3913222 TI - [Unilateral atrophic kidney and hypertension--the value of plasma renin determination for assessing the indications for nephrectomy]. AB - In unilateral atrophic kidney and hypertension the nephrectomy is the therapy of choice. The nephrectomy is, however, indicated only then, when a causal pathogenetic connection of atrophic kidney and hypertension is proved. As criterion of the proof of such a connection according to our experiences the side separated determination of the plasma renin activity in the venous blood of the kidneys stood the test. A renal vein renin quotient greater than 1.5, moreover, permits a rather reliable prognostic evidence concerning the behaviour of the postoperative blood pressure. In 26 out of 31 hypertensive patients with significant renal vein renin quotient who were nephrectomized for a unilateral atrophic kidney could be achieved a normalization of the blood pressure, in the other 5 patients an improvement of the blood pressure. PMID- 3913223 TI - [Kidney function and bacteriological and histological research in the therapy of experimental E. coli pyelonephritis using trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP SMO)]. AB - 40 uninephrectomized male Wistar rats with an experimental E.-coli-022 pyelonephritis (PN) were treated twice daily for 9 days with 30 mg trimethoprim and 150 mg sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMO) i.p. Bacteriologically most of the kidneys became sterile. Histologically a significant reduction of the frequency of severe PN was found in the treated group. The biologic half-life of 131I-hippuran indicated a decrease of excretory function which was reversible. Urine osmolality and osmotic clearance were increased after oral water loading in 10 untreated control animals with PN but not in the treated group. The 9 day treatment had a favourable effect bacteriologically, histologically and also on renal function. PMID- 3913224 TI - [Rehabilitation of patients with cleft lip, jaw and hard palate]. PMID- 3913226 TI - [As early as 1700 doctors warned: after sugar comes the forceps]. PMID- 3913225 TI - [Dental alloys: unanswerable charlatanism]. PMID- 3913227 TI - [Endosseous ceramic implants and prosthetic treatment]. PMID- 3913228 TI - [Esthetic restoration in the anterior dental region]. PMID- 3913229 TI - [Endoscopic and ultrasonic studies of the maxillary sinus]. PMID- 3913230 TI - [Duplicate denture to avoid adaptation problems in new complete dentures]. PMID- 3913232 TI - [A central room for histokinetics]. PMID- 3913231 TI - [Significance of immunohistochemistry in neuro-oncology. I. Demonstration of glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) in extracranial metastases from primary brain tumors]. AB - 8 cases were studied to determine whether immunohistochemical investigation with anti-GFAP could contribute to confirming a primary brain tumor origin for an extracranial metastasis. The materials studied consisted of 3 glioblastomas, 3 anaplastic astrocytomas, and 2 medulloblastomas, along with their extracranial metastases. GFAP could be immunohistochemically demonstrated in all 6 primary glial tumors as well as in the metastases of the 3 astrocytomas and of 2 glioblastomas. The medulloblastomas and their metastases were immunohistochemically GFAP-negative. GFAP is thus a marker for extracranial metastases of astrocytomas and glioblastomas. A negative result however does not exclude the possibility that a metastasis is of glial origin as shown by the GFAP negative metastasis of the one glioblastoma. PMID- 3913233 TI - [In memory of Hugo Kufs (1871-1955). The career of a neuropathologist]. AB - The life and scientific career of Hugo Kufs, a pioneer in the field of neuropathology, are traced. Sixty years ago he described the first adult case of amaurotic idiocy, Kufs' disease (adult neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis), and recognized that the condition represented a disturbance in lipid metabolism. PMID- 3913234 TI - [The principle of mucosal inserts and muco-osseous inserts for complete dentures]. PMID- 3913235 TI - [How can the accuracy of fit in cast restorations be improved?]. PMID- 3913236 TI - [Materials science and clinical studies of composite-bonded bridges]. PMID- 3913237 TI - [Molding precision of 1-piece cast bridges using non-precious metal alloys]. PMID- 3913238 TI - [Dental technical care in a country district]. PMID- 3913240 TI - [Methods for rational and simple selection and fitting of teeth for edentulous patients]. PMID- 3913239 TI - [Problems in the prosthetic dental care of citizens over 60-years-old in the metropolitan Stralsund area, using a representative random sample]. PMID- 3913241 TI - [Color ring of prosthetic care]. PMID- 3913243 TI - [Teamwork from a clinical viewpoint]. PMID- 3913242 TI - [Prosthetic restorative measures and preservation of the oral structures. Introduction]. PMID- 3913244 TI - [Teamwork from the technical laboratory viewpoint]. PMID- 3913245 TI - [Treatment planning as a common concern of dentists and dental technicians]. PMID- 3913246 TI - [Place value of flexible removable dentures. Status and perspective]. PMID- 3913247 TI - [The cast partial denture in relation to structure-preserving aspects]. PMID- 3913248 TI - [Planning of cast removable partial denture as a common concern of dentists and technicians]. PMID- 3913249 TI - [Prosthetic therapy in advanced stages of tooth loss]. PMID- 3913250 TI - Inhibition of small intestinal colonization of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli by streptococcus faecium M74 in pigs. AB - Colonizing and anti E. coli activity of S. faecium M74 was tested by oral inoculation of cesarean derived, colostrum deprived piglets with Streptococcus faecium M74 and subsequently with a heat stable enterotoxin (ST) producing E. coli (O101 : K30 : K99 : NM). Enterotoxin neutralization and co-culture studies were also performed in vitro. Bacterial counts in 10 cm ileal segments, fluorescein antibody stained cryostat sections, as well as 0.5 micron sections from the ilea of the experimental pigs taken 16 hours post exposure to enterotoxic E. coli (ETEC) all indicated that S. faecium M74 could not colonize the ileum of the newborn pigs, in a single high (7 X 10(8) - 3 X 10(10)) dose either in TSB or in milk suspension, in contrast to the ETEC. However, S. faecium given in milk suspension resulted a marked decrease in ileal colonization of ETEC and in weight loss of piglets. In vitro experiments indicated that neither extracellular nor cell-bound products of S. faecium M74 could neutralise ST, but there was a significant reduction of pH in the TSB cultures of S. faecium that was accompanied by a reduction in ETEC counts of the mixed cultures. PMID- 3913251 TI - Estimation of virus density in sewage effluents by two counting techniques: comparison of precisions as a function of inoculum volume. AB - Two titration methods for the quantification of viruses present in the environment are compared--plaque counting and determination of the most probable number with a large number of inocula at each dilution. Titration of virus suspensions and of sewage samples showed that, for a given volume of inoculum, in most cases there was no statistically significant difference between the virus titres given by the two methods. The precision of the results was the same for the two methods. When the volume of inoculum used at each dilution differed from one method to another, the width of the confidence interval increased as the volume of inoculum decreased. PMID- 3913252 TI - Quantitative and qualitative aspects of bacterial flora of Karachi coastal water shrimp (Penaeus merguiensis and Metapenaeus monoceros). AB - Bacterial counts were made over a period of two years of two important commercial shrimp varieties of Karachi coastal waters. Bacteria were also isolated and identified. Total number of bacteria were found to be remarkably equal at 37 degrees, 30 degrees and 25 degrees C. Aerobic plate count of Penaeus merguiensis at 37 degrees C ranged from 1.2 X 10(5) to 6.0 X 10(7) CFU/g (Median 1.8 X 10(6) CFU/g), and were predominantly Vibrio, Micrococcus, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus, Bacillus, and Flavobacterium. The corresponding count at 30 degrees C ranged from 3.2 X 10(5) to 4.7 X 10(7) CFU/g (Median 2.6 X 10(6) CFU/g). The bacterial flora in order of predominance were Vibrio, Micrococcus, Pseudomonas, Moraxella, Flavobacterium, Bacillus, Alteromonas, and Acinetobacter. The 25 degrees C counts ranged from 5.3 X 10(5) to 8.5 X 10(7) CFU/g (Median 3.1 X 10(6) CFU/g), the flora was composed of Vibrio, Moraxella, Micrococcus, Pseudomonas, Flavobacterium, Bacillus, Alteromonas, and Acinetobacter in order of predominance. The aerobic plate count of Metapenaeus monoceros at 30 degrees C ranged from 8.4 x 10(5) to 3.8 x 10(7) CFU/g (Median 2.9 x 10(6) CFU/g). The bacterial flora in order of predominance were Vibrio, Micrococcus, Moraxella, Pseudomonas, Alteromonas, Flavobacterium and Staphylococcus. No significant qualitative or quantitative difference was obtained between the two shrimp species. The presence of Staphylococcus at 37 degrees C was attributed to favourable incubation temperature as well as to excessive unsanitary handling while the absence of Moraxella and Alteromonas putrefaciens at this temperature was considered due to the psychotrophic nature of these organisms. PMID- 3913253 TI - [Effect of lead and cadmium on the viability and phagocytosis of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes]. AB - Studies were performed to test the effects of lead and cadmium on viability and phagocytic activity of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) in vitro. Viability was tested by dye exclusion test and leakage of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), the phagocytic activity was assessed by counting of ingested yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) in 100 PMNL. It was demonstrated that the viability of human PMNL was only slightly decreased following 20 h incubation with the metals. This finding is in contrast to findings of studies with macrophages of rodents when viability was rather decreased especially by cadmium. However, both metals were found to markedly suppress phagocytic activity of human PMNL already following 30 min of preincubation with the metal salts. Thus, independent of effects on cell viability the defense mechanisms of human PMNL against infectious agents are markedly reduced in presence of lead or cadmium. PMID- 3913254 TI - [Animal experiment studies on the modification of non-pathogen specific immunity by metabolic products of Escherichia coli]. PMID- 3913255 TI - [Immunoprevention of coli diarrhea of the weaned swine]. PMID- 3913256 TI - [Significance of antibodies and the complement system for phagocytosis of E. coli pathogens by cattle microphages]. PMID- 3913257 TI - Facial growth and development after cleft lip suture according to Veau and Barinka. PMID- 3913258 TI - Scope for diagnostic uses of ultrasound in inveterate tendon injuries. PMID- 3913259 TI - Cancer in ulcerative colitis: what failed in follow-up? AB - In a 16-year series of 235 patients operated on for ulcerative colitis (UC), 16 patients had altogether 21 colorectal malignancies: 15 patients adenocarcinomas and 1 a lymphoma. These patients were analyzed to find the typical features of colitic cancer and to evaluate the chance for early detection of cancer. The mean age of the patients was 35 years (19-86), and the mean duration of UC 14 years (5 26). All patients had total colitis, and 13 of 21 tumours (62%) were located proximal to the splenic flexure. Three patients under regular surveillance had Dukes' stage A cancers, while those with only initial or no follow-up had more advanced tumours (1 Dukes' A, B, 1C, 10D). Early cancer was symptomless or indistinguishable from colitic symptoms. The reasons for inadequate surveillance were few symptoms of UC (n = 9), an unsatisfactory follow-up system (n = 3) and patient refusal (n = 1). Our survey indicates that only regular follow-up can disclose early tumours and, thus, improve the prognosis of colitic carcinoma. The necessity of establishing colonoscopic surveillance of UC patients soon after the diagnosis, and regardless of the degree of symptoms is emphasized, because 7 (44%) of our patients developed cancer within 10 years of the onset of UC. PMID- 3913260 TI - [Heterogenicity of liver parenchyma cells]. PMID- 3913261 TI - Shigella flexneri bacteraemia in a patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. PMID- 3913262 TI - 25 years of CIANS, Collegium Internationale Activitatis Nervosae Superioris. History, presence and perspective. PMID- 3913263 TI - Stress-ulcers. A review. PMID- 3913264 TI - [The metacarpophalangeal stabilization test and its value in surgery of the leprous hand]. AB - In a claw hand with ulnar-nerve and median-nerve paralysis, if the digits are stabilized to prevent over-extension at the metacarpophalangeal joints, the long extensor alone could fully extend all phalanges. From the proximal interphalangeal stiffness evaluated by this test (on more than 200 claw hands operated on 20 years ago) I propose a simple therapeutic scheme for palliative surgery. PMID- 3913265 TI - [Volar flexion of the fingers. Its value in diagnosis of leprous paralysis of the intrinsic muscles of the fingers and in the study of the results of palliative interventions]. AB - Active metacarpophalangeal flexion with simultaneous active extension of interphalangeal joints places the fingers in the position in preparation for prehension. This volar flexion of the fingers is due to the action of their intrinsic muscles, and this movement, which is irreplaceable, has been used by the author for the last twenty years as a specific exploratory test of intrinsic finger muscles. It can be investigated as an emergency procedure in cases of ulnar nerve wounds at the elbow or injury to the upper forearm before suture, and clearly demonstrates the presence of an ulnar claw hand. It is a very sensitive test since this position potentiates an ulnar claw hand in its early stage which would have passed unnoticed with fingers extended. This rapid examination is particularly valid during neurologic investigation of the hand in lepers in countries where this disease is endemic, and it forms part of the 10 tests that the author has selected for exploration, within 2 or 3 minutes, in a standing patient, of the facial, ulnar, median, superficial peroneal and posterior tibial nerves. The test is also the most effective evaluation criterion of palliative surgery for claw hand which to be considered as successful must restore volar flexion, as shown by a personal series of over 200 operated hands. PMID- 3913266 TI - Psycho-social and economical aspects of leprosy and tuberculosis. PMID- 3913267 TI - The concepts and the development of combined programmes of leprosy and tuberculosis. PMID- 3913268 TI - [Resistance to disulone and sulfamides in Senegal (early experience with 39 cases -ILAD 1978-1980)]. PMID- 3913269 TI - [Pitfalls of the reversal reaction in Hansen's disease]. PMID- 3913270 TI - [Acceptability, compliance and tolerance of daily polychemotherapy by leprosy patients in Guadeloupe]. AB - From January 1980 to December 1984, 418 leprosy patients were treated in Guadeloupe with a daily multiple drug regimen using rifampin as an essential drug. The analysis of the data collected during this period of times gives the possibility of estimating the patient's approval, tolerance and attendance to this treatment. The approval is satisfactory in new cases of leprosy and in ancient cases relapsed under dapsone monotherapy but less in inactive ancient patients already treated with dapsone monotherapy. Attendance of the 418 patients to the multiple drug regimen is satisfactory too and similar to the attendance of patients treated with dapsone monotherapy in Guadeloupe and to the attendance of patients with monthly multiple drug regimen in another Caribbean country. Reactions did not occur with higher gravity or frequency than in patients under dapsone monotherapy. The high incidence of hepatitis (14%) due to the toxicity of protionamide in the combination rifampin-protionamide-dapsone make obligatory the monthly assessment of the liver functions in multibacillary patients treated with such a drug combination. PMID- 3913271 TI - Cell and tissue culture of the central nervous system: recent developments and current applications. AB - A survey of methods for cell and tissue culture of the central nervous system (CNS) is given. This includes a brief historical outline and description of methods in current use. Recent methodological improvements are emphasized, and it is shown how these are applied in modern neurobiological research. Both monolayer cell cultures and three-dimensional organ culture systems are widely used, each having advantages and limitations. In recent years, there has been considerable improvement of culture for prolonged periods in chemically defined media. Brain tissue from a wide spectrum of species have been used, including different types of human brain cells which can be propagated for several months. At present, these culture systems are employed for dynamic studies of the developing, the adult and ageing brain. It is possible to select neurons and the different classes of glial cells for culture purposes. Cell culture of the CNS has given new insights into the biology of brain tumours. Culture systems for experimental tumour therapy in vitro are also available. Recently, it has been shown that organ cultures of brain tissue can be used as targets for invasive glioma cells, enabling a direct study of the interactions between tumour cells and normal tissue to take place. PMID- 3913272 TI - A comparison of pulsed Doppler spectral analysis and intravenous digital subtraction angiography in the detection of carotid occlusive disease. AB - The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy of pulsed Doppler spectral analysis and intravenous digital subtraction angiography (IVDSA), in the detection of carotid occlusive disease. In 132 carotid arteries the results of these two examinations have been assessed independently and compared with findings by conventional arteriography. All 39 stenoses causing a diameter reduction of more than 25% were found by Doppler examination and 36 (92%) by IVDSA. Twelve occlusions of the internal carotid artery, shown by conventional arteriography, were also detected by Doppler examination and 11 (92%) by IVDSA. Both Doppler and IVDSA detected 56% of the lesions which reduced the diameter by less than 25%. All 54 arteriographically normal vessels were assessed correctly by Doppler examination and 53 (98%) of them by IVDSA. This study shows that Doppler and IVDSA are well suited for assessing patients with symptoms suggestive of carotid occlusive disease, both methods being accurate in the detection of lesions which reduce the diameter of the carotid artery by more than 25%. PMID- 3913274 TI - [A rapid technic for preparing the temporal bone for histologic study]. AB - The authors describe a new technique for the preparation of the temporal bone for histological studies. A serious advantage of this technique is its quickest realization allowing to obtain histological serial sections of the cochlea in 6 or 8 weeks. PMID- 3913275 TI - [Development of a piperaquine-resistant line of Plasmodium berghei K 173 strain]. PMID- 3913273 TI - A study of the efficacy of two commercial preparations of timolol maleate with special reference to side effects. AB - The intraocular pressure lowering effect of 2 commercial preparations of timolol maleate was studied in 57 adult outpatients suffering from open angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. Special attention was paid to side effects of topical treatment with timolol, while comparing the efficacy of the 2 preparations. The intraocular pressure lowering effect with each strength (0.25% and 0.5%) of both preparations (Blocanol and Oftan-Timolol) was identical. No clearcut effect on lacrimal gland function, accommodation, or pupil size was seen. The adverse effects of timolol maleate during 6 months of treatment were of transient nature and generally mild. The only serious adverse effect was respiratory distress which occurred with 0.25% timolol in one patient. The respiratory distress developed slowly and the trial had to be discontinued for this patient after 2 months of treatment. There was a tendency toward a decrease in blood pressure and heart rate with both commercial preparations. PMID- 3913277 TI - [Antitumor mechanism of phenolic compounds]. PMID- 3913276 TI - [Studies on analogs of qinghaosu. VII. The synthesis of ethers of bis(dihydroqinghaosu) and bis(dihydrodeoxyqinghaosu)]. PMID- 3913278 TI - [Studies on antimalarials. XV. Synthesis and antimalarial activities of some bis(2,4-diaminoquinazol-6-yl-substituted aminomethyl) aromatic derivatives]. PMID- 3913279 TI - [Recent progress in studies of drug ion-selective electrodes]. PMID- 3913281 TI - Effect of bovine liver, lung and spleen extracts on the survival of skin allografts in mouse. PMID- 3913280 TI - [Liriodenine in tissue culture of Liriodendron tulipifera L. II. Quantitative analysis and antifungal effect]. PMID- 3913282 TI - Studies on the medical treatment of deep vein thrombosis. AB - The aim of these studies was to investigate different regimens of thrombolytic therapy and oral anticoagulation, and to evaluate the effects of streptokinase (SK), heparin and warfarin in the treatment of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Low dose SK, although controlled according to the fibrinogen levels, did not provide improved thrombolysis compared to conventional high-dose SK, and more postthrombotic changes were registered after an average of 3 years. Furthermore, serious hemorrhagic side-effects occurred, which makes this regimen inexpedient. Various regimens of local venous infusion of SK were tried, and with a dose of 4,000 IU/h for 72 h in combination with heparin a thrombolytic effect was achieved, albeit not greater than usually observed with conventional SK. Systemic hypofibrinogenemia and hemorrhage were not avoided. A hitherto not described side effect with bullous dermatitis was reported. Venographic severity of calf vein thrombosis displayed a statistically significant correlation to long-term hemodynamic changes, as assessed with foot volumetry, after an average of 5 years. This correlation was stronger for the size of the thrombus after initial treatment than for the size at diagnosis. Thus it seems important to treat calf vein thrombosis with heparin in order to limit the extent of the thrombus, thereby reducing long-term sequelae. During heparin treatment, an average reduction of the thrombi of 17% was observed. This reduction was significantly correlated to a short duration of symptoms but not to parameters of heparin therapy or fibrinolytic components. However, patients with substantial thrombolysis had high plasmin-alpha 2-antiplasmin (PAP) levels, and those with high tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) inhibitor levels and remarkably also those with high t-PA antigen levels had no lysis. The concentration of t-PA antigen showed a significant increase during heparin infusion, whereas that of PAP and t-PA inhibitor was not influenced. By applying more intensive initial oral anticoagulation, stable therapeutic prothrombin time (PT)-levels were achieved one day earlier and the duration of heparin infusion could be equally reduced compared to the conventional regimen (4.4-5 days vs 5.4-6 days). The activity of coagulation factors II, VII, IX and X had dropped to the same level with both regimens the day heparin was discontinued, observed. The effectiveness of oral anticoagulation after DVT was studied in 596 patients treated for a total of 4450 months.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3913283 TI - Jerzy Konorski's theory of conditioned reflexes. PMID- 3913284 TI - [Bibliographic review of certain aspects of alexithymia]. PMID- 3913285 TI - Natural-abundance, 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance-spectral studies of carbohydrates linked to amino acids and proteins. PMID- 3913286 TI - Bibliography of crystal structures of carbohydrates, nucleosides, and nucleotides for 1979 and 1980; addenda and errata for 1970-1978; and index for 1935-1980. PMID- 3913287 TI - Structure and biological activity of heparin. PMID- 3913288 TI - Photodynamic therapy in the management of cancer: an analysis of 114 cases. PMID- 3913289 TI - Preliminary results of hematoporphyrin derivative-laser treatment for 13 cases of early esophageal carcinoma. PMID- 3913290 TI - Photodynamic therapy. PMID- 3913291 TI - The energy flow in bacteria: the main free energy intermediates and their regulatory role. PMID- 3913292 TI - Hydrogenase, nitrogenase, and hydrogen metabolism in the photosynthetic bacteria. PMID- 3913293 TI - Biochemistry and physiology of bioluminescent bacteria. PMID- 3913294 TI - Sexual agglutination in chlamydomonads. PMID- 3913296 TI - Nutritional assessment of observed nutrient intake: an interpretation of recent requirement reports. PMID- 3913295 TI - Food allergy. PMID- 3913297 TI - Animal models for the study of nutrition and human disease: colon cancer, atherosclerosis, and osteoporosis. PMID- 3913298 TI - Role of fermented milk products in milk intolerance and other clinical conditions. PMID- 3913299 TI - Metabolic interactions of selenium with cadmium, mercury, and silver. PMID- 3913301 TI - [Tumors of the parotid glands]. PMID- 3913300 TI - Cognitive effects of nutritional deficiency. AB - Deficiencies of various nutrients, primarily vitamins, impair cognition. The link is strongest for vitamin B12, thiamine, and niacin. Yet even for these, the role of mild "subclinical" or multiple deficiencies in the genesis of mental dysfunction is unclear. Most information in this field is based on animal studies often poorly applicable to the human condition or on clinical pathology complicated by advanced age, alcoholism, and intercurrent disease. There is a need for well controlled, double-blind, prospective trials to elucidate the cognitive effects of malnutrition. PMID- 3913302 TI - Microelectronic technology and the hearing impaired: the future. PMID- 3913303 TI - Is it still an apple for the teacher? PMID- 3913304 TI - Microcomputer awareness for educators: a workshop. PMID- 3913305 TI - Faculty computer workshops: a faculty becoming computer literate. PMID- 3913306 TI - Authoring computer lessons--it's easy! PMID- 3913307 TI - Evaluating commercial software. PMID- 3913308 TI - Software for english, mathematics, and elementary classes. PMID- 3913309 TI - Computer-assisted video instruction at Moore-Norman Vocational Technical School. PMID- 3913310 TI - Graphics software packages as instructional tools. PMID- 3913311 TI - Using the Turtle Tot robot to enhance Logo for the hearing impaired. PMID- 3913312 TI - The nuts and bolts of interactive video: how it works and how to get started. PMID- 3913313 TI - Integration and implementation: a four-point mainstream model. PMID- 3913314 TI - Designing and implementing the use of microcomputers in a program for hearing impaired students. PMID- 3913315 TI - The classroom computer as a partner in teaching basic skills to hearing-impaired children. PMID- 3913316 TI - Developing thinking skills through the use of simple computer programming. PMID- 3913317 TI - Software adaptations for the multi-handicapped: a case study. PMID- 3913318 TI - Graphing and percentage applications using the personal computer. PMID- 3913319 TI - Microcomputers, model rockets, and race cars. PMID- 3913320 TI - Authoring languages and the development of CAI for hearing-impaired learners. PMID- 3913321 TI - The ALPHA interactive microcomputer system for teaching reading, writing, and communication skills to hearing-impaired children. PMID- 3913323 TI - The importance of research for Logo. PMID- 3913322 TI - Computerized language analysis. PMID- 3913324 TI - [Oral intermittent positive pressure ventilation in the treatment of severe chronic respiratory insufficiency in subjects with chronic obstructive bronchopneumopathy]. PMID- 3913325 TI - Biochemical and immunochemical methods for purification, characterization and standardization of allergen extracts. PMID- 3913326 TI - Improved hybridization assays employing tailed oligonucleotide probes: a direct comparison with 5'-end-labeled oligonucleotide probes and nick-translated plasmid probes. AB - Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase was used to add labeled dAMP residues to the 3' end of oligonucleotide probes that hybridize to the 5' end of the neomycin phosphotransferase II gene. Southern hybridization conditions were described in which the sensitivity per unit of exposure time was about 30-fold greater for the tailed probe as compared to the 5'-end-labeled probe. The tailed oligonucleotide probe had the sensitivity per unit of exposure time comparable to that of a nick translated probe of high specific activity: in 3 h of autoradiographic exposure both easily detected an amount of target equivalent to a single-copy gene in 10 micrograms of human DNA. The thermal dissociation profiles of 5'-end-labeled and tailed oligonucleotide probes were virtually identical and the tailed oligonucleotide probe was as allele specific as the 5'-end-labeled oligonucleotide probe. The useful lifetime of a 32P-tailed probe was about 1-2 weeks. Finally, by adding 50 35S-labeled nucleotides to the 3' end, we prepared a stable oligonucleotide probe with a sensitivity per unit of exposure time comparable to that of the unstable 5'-32P-labeled oligonucleotide probe. PMID- 3913327 TI - Method of enzymatic determination of pyrroloquinoline quinone. AB - An improved enzymatic method for the determination of pyrroloquinoline quinone, a novel prosthetic group of some important oxidoreductases, has been developed with cytoplasmic membrane of Escherichia coli K-12, in which D-glucose dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.99.17) was completely resolved to apo-enzyme by EDTA treatment. Incubation of the EDTA-treated membrane with exogenous pyrroloquinoline quinone in the presence of magnesium ions gave a quantitative determination of pyrroloquinoline quinone by assaying the restored D-glucose dehydrogenase activity. This novel enzymatic method was confirmed to be highly reproducible up to 10 ng of pyrroloquinoline quinone and could be applied to a routine assay of pyrroloquinoline quinone. PMID- 3913328 TI - Fucosterol epoxide lyase of insects: synthesis of labeled substrates and development of a partition assay. AB - Fucosterol epoxide labeled with tritium in the C-29 methyl has been synthesized and employed in the development of a partition assay which allows the rapid determination of fucosterol epoxide lyase activity in vitro in homogenates of insect tissues. An independent synthesis of [24-14C]fucosterol epoxide provided a control substrate to evaluate nondealkylative transfer of labeled steroid to the aqueous layer during the enzyme assay. The diastereomeric 24R,28R- and 24S,28S [29-3H]fucosterol epoxides were obtained via HPLC separation of their benzoate esters. Homogenates of the midgut tissue of larval tobacco hornworms (Manduca sexta) were examined at pH 5 to 9 in several buffer systems, and at temperatures of 7 to 67 degrees C in phosphate buffer. Optimal activity was found using pH 7.4, 76 mM phosphate buffer at 37 degrees C. The 24R,28R diastereomer of fucosterol epoxide was metabolized at a rate at least 100 times that of the 24S,28S isomer by this enzyme system. PMID- 3913329 TI - A spectrophotometric method for quantitation of carboxyl group modification of proteins using Woodward's Reagent K. AB - Reaction of proteins with Woodward's Reagent K in 0.05 ionic strength Tris-HCl, pH 7.8, followed by removal of excess reagent by chromatography on Sephadex G-25 in the same buffer, results in covalently attached chromophores with an absorption maximum at 340 nm and an extinction coefficient of 7000 M-1 cm-1. This absorbance can be used to quantitate the reaction of Woodward's Reagent K with carboxyl groups in proteins, provided sulfhydryl groups do not react. The chromophore also enables specific detection and identification of carboxyl modified peptides upon separation by chromatography or electrophoresis. PMID- 3913330 TI - Plate assay for determining the time of production of protease, cellulase, and pectinases by germinating fungal spores. AB - A new method for detecting enzymes produced by fungal spores during germination is described here. With this method, the production of enzymes such as protease, cellulase, or pectinase can be correlated with the extent of spore germination. Germination is studied in vitro on agar-based media containing protein, cellulose, or pectin. The spores are immobilized on a permeable membrane mounted on the substrate-containing medium. At various times after inoculation the membrane-bound spores are removed and the medium is stained. The extent of germination is assessed by microscopic examination of the spores and the presence of active hydrolytic enzymes is revealed by the staining. The staining methods are sensitive; detection limits are 1 X 10(-3) unit of cellulase; 2 X 10(-4) unit of protease; 3 X 10(-3) unit of pectin lyase; 3.5 units of polygalacturonase; 2 X 10(-3) unit of pectin methyl esterase. The method has been demonstrated by studying the production of enzymes by germinating conidia of Botrytis cinerea. Cellulase and protease were present before any spores germinated. Pectin lyase was first observed when at least 80% of the spores had germinated. Pectin methyl esterase and polygalacturonase were not produced by the spores. PMID- 3913331 TI - Radioiodination of a photoactivatable heterobifunctional reagent. AB - The N-hydroxysuccinimide ester of 4-azidosalicylic acid, a photoactivable heterobifunctional reagent, can be radioiodinated. The low efficiency (3%) of the radioiodination by a previously published method (I. Ji and T. H. Ji, 1982, Anal. Biochem. 121, 286-289) has been increased to 63% by substituting the solvent, acetone, with others such as aqueous acetonitrile, dimethylformamide, or dimethyl sulfoxide. The resulting 125I reagent was used for derivatizing human choriogonadotropin. The radioactive hormone derivative was crosslinked to the alpha beta dimer upon photolysis. PMID- 3913332 TI - Preparative purification of Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin. AB - Heat-stable enterotoxin (STa) isolated from bovine Escherichia coli strains was purified to homogeneity by growing the bacterial strains in a chemically defined medium, desalting, and concentrating the culture filtrate by batch adsorption chromatography on Amberlite XAD-2 resin, batch adsorption chromatography on reversed-phase silica, and preparative reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. This rapid preparative purification scheme gave high recovery yields of pure STa which exhibited biochemical homology to STa purified by more complicated procedures. PMID- 3913333 TI - Recombinant DNA techniques: storage and screening of cDNA libraries with large numbers of individual colonies from initial transformations. AB - A typical cDNA library with a large number of initial transformants, plated in soft agarose, can be stored and shipped in 12% glycerol at -70 degrees C. To prepare the library for storage, the soft agarose layer is made into a paste and the agarose is removed by Sephadex G-25 filtration. This method of cDNA library storage does not alter the relative representation of the plasmids carried in the library. To achieve a very uniform distribution of colonies at high colony density, an aliquot of the cDNA library is diluted to 3000 to 10,000 colonies/ml. One milliliter of this suspension is evenly distributed on a nitrocellulose filter on an agar plate and air-dried. Filter copies are made and screened by published methods. PMID- 3913334 TI - Separation of Crotalus atrox (western diamondback rattlesnake) alpha-proteinase from serine proteinase and hemorrhagic factor activities. AB - A method for obtaining Crotalus atrox alpha-proteinase (EC 3.4.24.1) in a pure form has been developed. Fractionation of the crude venom on DEAE-Sepharose, followed by gel filtration on Bio-Gel P-150 and chromatography on CM-Sepharose, yielded an alpha-proteinase preparation which showed a single band on disc and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and had an activity on casein approximately twice that previously reported. The enzyme is a nonglycosylated single-chain polypeptide with a molecular weight of 26,738 and a pI of 8.15. Proteolytic activity on casein, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, and Cl inhibitor was abolished by treatment of alpha-proteinase with 1 mM EDTA, but full activity was retained in the presence of 1 mM phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride. Caseinolytic activity was increased by 33 and 55% in the presence of 10 mM Mg2+ and Ca2+, respectively. Pure alpha-proteinase is devoid of esterolytic activity on H-D-Pro-Phe-Arg-p-nitroanilide (S-2302), benzoyl-L-arginine ethyl ester, and benzoyl-L-tyrosine ethyl ester. The final preparation has no hemorrhagic factor activity. PMID- 3913335 TI - Simultaneous determination of glucose turnover, alanine turnover, and gluconeogenesis in human using a double stable-isotope-labeled tracer infusion and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. AB - We have developed and validated a new method to measure simultaneously glucose turnover, alanine turnover, and gluconeogenesis in human, in steady and non steady states, using a double stable-isotope-labeled tracer infusion and GC-MS analysis. The method is based on the concomitant infusion and dilution of D [2,3,4,6,6-2H5]glucose and L-[1,2,3-13C3]alanine. The choice of the tracers was done on the basis of a minimal overlap between the ions of interest and those arising from natural isotopic abundances. Alanine was chosen as the gluconeogenic substrate because it is the major gluconeogenic amino acid extracted by the liver and, with lactate, constitutes the bulk of the gluconeogenic precursors. The method was validated by comparing the results obtained during simultaneous infusion of trace amounts of both stable isotope labeled compounds with the radioactive tracers (D-[3-3H]glucose and L-[1,2,3-14C3]alanine) in a normal and a diabetic subject; the radiolabeled tracers were used as the accepted reference procedure. A slight overestimation of glucose turnover (7.3 versus 6.8 in normal and 10.8 versus 9.2 mumol/kg min in diabetic subject) was noticed when the stable isotope-labeled tracers were used. For the basal turnover rate of alanine, similar values were obtained with both methods (6.2 mumol/kg min). For gluconeogenesis, higher values were observed in the basal state with the stable isotopes (0.42 versus 0.21 mumol/kg min); however, these differences disappeared in the postprandial period after the ingestion of a mixed meal. Despite those minor differences, the overall correlation with the reference method was excellent for glucose turnover (r = 0.87) and gluconeogenesis (r = 0.86).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3913336 TI - Isolation of specific tRNAs using an ionic-hydrophobic mixed-mode chromatographic matrix. AB - The coating of a C18-reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography support (octadecylsilyl-Hypersil) with a tetraalkylammonium salt (methyltrioctylammonium chloride) produces a chromatographic matrix with both ionic and hydrophobic character. Using this material oligonucleotides and tRNAs can be separated with high resolution. The observed resolution is in part due to the apparent lack of diffusion processes occurring during chromatography with this matrix. Some tRNAs can be obtained in high purity from a bulk tRNA mixture after a single chromatographic step. In general it is more efficient to use the matrix as the last step of a purification procedure for a particular tRNA. A two step procedure is described which allows, in some cases, the isolation of small quantities of specific tRNA isoacceptors. PMID- 3913337 TI - New fluorogenic substrate for esterase activity of alpha-chymotrypsin and related enzymes. AB - A new fluorogenic substrate, benzyloxycarbonyl-L-phenylalanine 4-methylcoumaryl-7 ester, has been developed for determination of the esterase activity of alpha chymotrypsin and related enzymes. Synthesis of the substrate was achieved simply by the carbodiimide condensation of benzyloxycarbonyl-L-phenylalanine and 7 hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin in a 86% yield. The esterase activity was measured by increase of the fluorescence intensity at excitation and emission wavelengths of 325 and 465 nm, respectively. An initial rate of hydrolysis was linear over a 100 fold range of the enzyme concentration. As little as 2 ng of alpha-chymotrypsin could be detected in the standard assay. A typical enzyme assay, stability of the substrate, kinetic parameters, and specific activity have been reported. PMID- 3913339 TI - [Outcome of wounds and traumatic injuries of the skull of men living in ancient Latvia based on the findings of archeological excavations]. AB - 2,230 skulls obtained from Archaeological excavations in Latvia dating from various epochs beginning with the end of the Mesolithic up to the 17th century A.D. have been investigated. 6 cases of wounds and 5 of traumatic injuries, almost all of them serious, penetrating, have been discovered. In all cases faint or distinct indications of regeneration of the compact tissue were revealed. PMID- 3913338 TI - Improved enzyme screening by automated fast protein liquid chromatography. AB - The assay for NADH-dependent dehydrogenases in crude extracts is often interfered with non-specific reactions. Therefore a screening for such enzymes is hampered by high blank values. To overcome such problems we chromatographed crude extracts on a fast protein liquid chromatography system during part of an enzyme screening for 2-hydroxyisocaproate dehydrogenases and lactate dehydrogenases. The automated chromatography procedure presented consists of a combination of gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography. The total time needed to perform one cycle of the two-column purification, including the equilibration and regeneration steps, is about 35 min. The procedure described separates the desired enzyme, 2 hydroxyisocaproate dehydrogenase, totally from any interfering activity such as NADH-oxidase and also from the second enzyme of interest, the lactate dehydrogenase. Besides the elimination of the side reactions the desired enzymes are purified up to 20-fold. PMID- 3913340 TI - XVIII century anatomical models at La Specola, Florence. AB - At 17 via Romana in the Oltrarno section of Florence are housed, in the Natural History Museum (La Specola), some of the most interesting anatomical models ever made. In the 2 centuries since these wax models were made they have not been surpassed in their true-to-life appearance in spite of modern technology. Unfortunately the models are little known to health scientists, including anatomists, especially in the English-speaking countries. This study presents pertinent historical and descriptive facts about the models--each piece a perfect blend of science and art--and about copies of them or satellite collections in other European countries. The anatomical source for these models is the work of the Dutch Anatomist, Bernard Siegfried Albinus (1697 to 1770) and Jan Wanderlaer (1690-1759), his artist and engraver. It also discusses the little known fact that copies of some of these models were purchased in 1850 for the then Medical Department of the University of Louisiana in New Orleans. PMID- 3913341 TI - The development of the intra-intestinal artery in the Australian lungfish, Neoceratodus forsteri. AB - The development of the intra-intestinal artery in the Australian lungfish, Neoceratodus forsteri was studied by dye injection. The right arterior wall of the midgut changes to become the valvular wall of the original part of the spiral valve owing to the shift of the foregut towards the posterior and the left ventral to the midgut. The anlage of the intra-intestinal artery appears in the blood vascular network on the valvular wall of the original part of the spiral valve; this network receives arterial blood from the primitive coeliacomesenteric artery. The intra-intestinal artery is formed in such a manner that this anlage extends posteriorly in the blood vascular networks in the successive spiral valves. PMID- 3913342 TI - Scanning electron microscopical observation on the isolated mucosa of rat small intestine: with special reference to the intestinal crypt. AB - The small intestinal mucosa of rats (male, aged 8 weeks) was isolated by the Bjerknes and Cheng's method (1981): the anesthetized rats were perfused through the left ventricle with a solution of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (30 mmol/l) in calcium-magnesium-free Hanks' solution, and then the mucous epithelium was removed from a segment of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum by means of vibration. Three-dimensional images of crypts on the isolated mucosa were obtained by scanning electron microscopy. The length and number of the crypts between the villi were observed to decrease along the intestine from the duodenum to the ileum. The majority of intestinal crypts were simple non-branched tubular glands, however, budding and bifurcation of the crypt ends were often observed. It was relatively rare to find longitudinally split crypts. The shapes of the crypts seems to denote various stages of the proliferation of crypts. PMID- 3913343 TI - [The prosector and his position in the hierarchy of anatomical institutions as shown especially in anatomical departments in Berlin, Halle, Leipzig, Rostock and Greifswald]. AB - In the course of history of anatomy the prosector (dissector, incisor, secant, sculptor, procurator) held total different positions: at first he acted as a manual craftsman (barber surgeon) and as teacher's assistant lacking any academic education (organized in fraternities or guilds). In the epoch of Vesalius he became an anatomist who was dissecting and demonstrating as well as teaching. The statements are explained by examples from the universities in Bologna, Paris, Padua, Vienna, Leipzig, Greifswald, Basle and Strasbourg. Further, a short history of the prosector and his position in anatomical institutions is shown for 5 German anatomical departments and universities respectively, which are situated at the territory of the today's GDR. Variations in the evolution are caused by the different social-economic structure of the then sovereign German countries (Prussia, Saxonia, Mecklenbourg and Pomerania). Since the ending of 19th century there were called 1st and 2nd prosectors as a result of the differentiation of medical science and of the partition of anatomy into macroscopic and microscopic embryologic subfields. From the middle of the 20th century the position of the prosector were abolished. Nearly all prosectors later became extraordinary and ordinary professors of anatomy as well as directors of some institutes. In general, the prosectors have formed the history of anatomy quite essentially. PMID- 3913344 TI - Ultrastructure of the secretory compartment of the Rana catesbeiana exocrine pancreas. AB - In the Rana catesbeiana exocrine pancreas 2 types of serozimogenic cells could be observed. They were called light and dark cells. The light cells were observed in a greater number and presented the GER cisterns predominantly located in the basal region of the cell and the vesicular forms of the GER mainly in the supranuclear region. The Golgi complex was well developed and the secretory granules were grouped in the cell apex. The mitochondrion were distributed by the cytoplasm and the nucleous appeared in the basal region of the cell and presented a pale and vesiculous profile that made the nucleolus evident. The dark cells were observed in smaller quantity and in this cell occurred a predominance of GER vesicles. The cytoplasmic matrix presented an electron-dense appearance and a large quantity of free ribosomes. The Golgi complex is poorly developed, the secretory granules and the mitochondria are scarce. We could observe besides the light and dark cells, the centroacinar and the intermediate cells. The centroacinar cells lay in the luminal border of the acinar cells. They presented an electron-lucent cytoplasmic matrix where could be noted a few GER profiles and the secretory granules were absent. The intermediate cells showed, intermingled within the same cell, the zimogenic and the endocrine-like alfa and beta Langerhans granules. PMID- 3913345 TI - Immunocytochemical demonstration of insulin in the mesonephros and metanephros of the Brazilian opossum Didelphis albiventris). AB - The presence of insulin the brush border and apical pole of the cells lining the pouch opossum mesonephric and metanephric proximal tubules was demonstrated by immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase techniques. Positive result for insulin was also observed in the tufts of capillaries of some metanephric corpuscles. PMID- 3913346 TI - Quantitative distribution of Ig-containing cells in the normal human intestinal mucosa. AB - The Ig-containing cell population of human intestinal mucosa (jejunum and ileum) has been quantitatively studied in 15 normal healthy adult men, by means of the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) method. The resolution obtained using the PAP method improves that obtained by fluorescence microscopy methods. The results obtained revealed that the number of Ig-containing cells progressively decreases from the basal portion of mucosa to the tip of the microvilli. Most Ig-containing cells were plasma cells; however, stained precursor cells (immunoblasts) were also observed in the human intestinal mucosa. The epithelial lining of the intestinal mucosa was also stained by anti IgA, anti IgG, anti IgM and anti IgE antibodies. Plasma cells were not seen to cross the epithelium. The absolute values, expressed as the number of Ig-containing cells per "mucosal tissue unit" (a 6-micron-thick and 500 micron wide block of tissue, including the mucosa at full height from the muscularis mucosa), and the relative percentages of the different Ig-containing cell population were the following: IgA: 86.71 +/- 15.58 cells (48.52%); IgG: 52.30 +/- 19.01 cells (29.6%); IgM: 21.44 +/- 8.23 cells (12.0%); IgE: 14.70 +/- 6.60 cells (8.22%), and IgD: 3.54 +/- 1.05 cells (1.9%). The number of lambda chains (76.29 +/- 24.38; 56.07%) were slightly more abundant than that of chi chains (59.77 +/- 11.93; 43.92%). The differences between the mean values of different Ig-classes were significant, and the differences between lambda and chi chains were also significant. PMID- 3913347 TI - [Egon Erwin Kisch and the Blazek sisters. A contribution to the history of teratology]. AB - A century ago, on April 29th 1885, the "Raving Reporter" Egon Erwin Kisch was born in Prague. On this occasion his news-reporting about the conjoined Bohemian twins Rosa and Josefa Blazek (born 1878) is appreciated and compared respectively contrasted with the observations and papers of contemporary physicians, among them the famous neuropathologist Richard Henneberg from Berlin and the important gynaecologists Breisky and Pitha from Prague and Schauta from Vienna. Kisch's report "The conjoined sisters" was published in his book "Sensation fair" during his antifascistic exile firstly 1941 in New York in English, a year later in Mexico-City in the German language. In spite of his stunt-making style Kisch's declining opposite the capitalistic marketing and opposite the disgracing people's exhibition (in this case of the Bohemian pygopage sisters) is articulated. Kisch, the founder of the socialistic literary report, died in 1948 in Prague, Czechoslovakia. PMID- 3913348 TI - [Low- and high-frequency jet artificial ventilation of the lungs]. PMID- 3913349 TI - [Central hemodynamics and blood gases during traditional and high-frequency artificial ventilation of the lungs and their combined use]. PMID- 3913350 TI - [Memoirs of the resuscitation service at the front]. PMID- 3913351 TI - [Postoperative hormonal reaction and direct results of the surgical treatment of patients with laryngeal cancer]. PMID- 3913352 TI - [Status of the hemostasis system during microsurgical operations under general combined anesthesia]. PMID- 3913353 TI - [High-frequency pulmonary ventilation]. PMID- 3913354 TI - [Pharmacodynamic tests of bronchial hyperreactivity]. PMID- 3913355 TI - [Ectopic ureterocele. Presentation of 2 cases]. PMID- 3913356 TI - [Pyogenic liver abscess in a child: clinical, bacteriologic and therapeutic considerations]. PMID- 3913357 TI - Mechanisms of change after brain lesions. PMID- 3913358 TI - Transplantation of monoamine-producing cell systems in oculo and intracranially: experiments in search of a treatment for Parkinson's Disease. PMID- 3913359 TI - Neurogenesis and plasticity of the olfactory sensory neurons. PMID- 3913360 TI - Dyslexia, congenital anomalies, and immune disorders: the role of the fetal environment. PMID- 3913362 TI - Formation and turnover of neurons in young and senescent animals: an electronmicroscopic and morphometric analysis. PMID- 3913361 TI - Neuronal replacement in adulthood. PMID- 3913363 TI - The BEAM method for neurophysiological diagnosis. PMID- 3913364 TI - DNA synthesis and cell division in the adult primate brain. AB - Autoradiographic analysis of juvenile and adult monkeys that received single or multiple injection of the specific DNA precursor, [3H]thymidine, demonstrates slight turnover of glial cells, but failed to provide any evidence of either neuronal addition or replacement. Therefore, while the brains of nonmammalian vertebrates and possibly some nonprimate mammals may display variable degrees of postembryonic neurogenesis, all neurons of the primate central nervous system are generated during restricted developmental periods, mostly before birth and not after infancy. It is not surprising that a stable population of neurons in mature primates, including man, may be essential for the retention of memory and learned behavior. PMID- 3913365 TI - Neurogenesis in adult vertebrate spinal cord in situ and in vitro: a new model system. AB - Phylogenetically "lower" species in some cases use different biological strategies for recovery after injury to the CNS than do "higher" species. One approach that we have taken in our laboratory has been to study the mechanisms of functional recovery of the CNS after injury in those vertebrate species where recovery does occur. The present report reviews recent studies on a model system, the spinal electromotor system of the gymnotiform teleost Sternarchus albifrons, which exhibits regeneration and neurogenesis after injury. Regeneration in this system leads to a recapitulation of relatively normal morphologic structure by the damaged or extirpated spinal cord. In Sternarchus, new spinal cord is generated from ependymal cells; some ependymal cells in the adult remain pluripotent and retain the capability to generate new neurons. The Sternarchus spinal cord thus represents an especially useful model for the study of neurogenesis after injury to the CNS. Recent studies in our laboratory indicate that neurogenesis in adult Sternarchus spinal cord tissue occurs both in vivo and in vitro. Neurogenesis has been demonstrated by incorporation of tritiated thymidine into explant cultures from the spinal cord of adult Sternarchus. Autoradiography reveals the presence of thymidine-labeled neurons. Neuronal identity of 3H-labeled cells has been confirmed by positive staining with neuron specific monoclonal antibodies. Thymidine labeling occurs in cultured neurons derived from both normal (histologically and functionally mature) and regenerating spinal cord of adult Sternarchus albifrons. These results provide evidence that some cells in spinal cord of adult Sternarchus retain the ability to incorporate thymidine and undergo neuronal differentiation in vitro. This system provides a new model in which neurogenesis from adult tissue can be studied in vivo and in vitro. PMID- 3913366 TI - Progress in facilitating the recovery of function after central nervous system trauma. PMID- 3913367 TI - Hematopoietic cellular proliferation. An international conference in honor of Eugene P. Cronkite. October 6-7, 1983, Upton, New York. PMID- 3913368 TI - The question of bone marrow stromal fibroblast traffic. AB - Bone marrow stromal fibroblasts (CFU-F) normally do not exchange bone marrow sites in vivo. Restitution of the CFU-F after radiation damage is primarily recovery by the local fibroblasts from potentially lethal damage. Migration of stromal fibroblasts from shielded sites to an irradiated site makes a minimal contribution, if any, to CFU-F recovery. Determination of the relative contribution of donor stromal cells in bone marrow transplants by karyotyping the proliferating bone marrow stromal cells in vitro may not reflect the relative distribution of fibroblasts in the marrow. If there is residual damage to the host stromal fibroblasts from treatment before transplantation, these cells may not be able to proliferate in vitro. Therefore, an occasional transplanted fibroblast may contribute most of the metaphase figures scored for karyotype. PMID- 3913369 TI - Induction of allogeneic unresponsiveness in adult dogs by irradiation and bone marrow transplantation: implication of Ia-positive bone marrow stem cells. PMID- 3913370 TI - Enhanced proliferation of transfused marrow and reversal of normal growth inhibition of female marrow in male hosts 2 months after sublethal irradiation. AB - We have previously shown that bone marrow will seed and proliferate in normal recipients. Transfusion of 50 million cells on each of 4 or 5 consecutive days, a total of 200-250 million cells, resulted in the recipient's marrow being 20-40% of donor origin. The present paper reported on the marked enhancement of proliferation of donor cells in animals that were exposed to sublethal doses of irradiation of 300-900 R. Two months later, when their peripheral blood values had returned to normal, they were transfused with 100 million cells. The number of donor cells in the recipients exposed to 600-900 R reached 55-100% at various intervals after transfusion, with controls averaging 24% and never exceeding 40%. Since the transfused cells numbered less than 40% of the host's own complement of marrow cells, they could not replace 100% of them unless they proliferated more rapidly than the host cells. The implied competitive advantage of the donor cells was ascribed to a reduced capacity for self-renewal of the host's irradiated cells. In recipients exposed to 300 R and in nonirradiated controls, female cells failed to grow in male recipients, while male cells grew as well in female as in male hosts. The inhibition of growth of female cells in the male host was abolished by irradiation with 600 or 900 R, or by the exposure of the female donor cells to anti-Thy-1 serum and complement prior to transfusion. Experiments are under way to test the suggested immunologic nature of the inhibition phenomenon. PMID- 3913371 TI - Leukemic cellular proliferation: a perspective. PMID- 3913372 TI - Induction of nonspecific resistance and stimulation of granulopoiesis by endotoxins and nontoxic bacterial cell wall components and their passive transfer. PMID- 3913373 TI - [Comparison of the results of total hysterectomy with complete or partial suture of the vaginal stump]. PMID- 3913374 TI - [Bullous toxicodermia caused by captopril: induced pemphigus?]. PMID- 3913375 TI - [Radiologic and ultrasonic exploration of peritonitis in adults]. PMID- 3913376 TI - Surgical treatment of pancreatic pseudocysts. A review of 42 cases. AB - 21 years' experience of operated pancreatic pseudocysts is reviewed. The number of patients was 42, with mean age of 50 +/- 5 years. Thirteen patients (31%) were alcoholic. In 6/42 cases (14%) pancreatic carcinoma was considered the reason for pseudocyst formation. In 30 patients an internal and in 11 an external drainage was created. Operative mortality occurred in 3 patients (7%). External drainage was effected in patients with complicated pseudocyst. The complication rate in this group was 6/11 (55%) and in the internal drainage group 7/30 (23%). Internal drainage is a safe and effective procedure in patients with a mature pseudocyst wall. External drainage should be used in patients critically ill or with an immature pseudocyst wall. PMID- 3913377 TI - Embolization of renal carcinoma. Comparison between the early results of Gelfoam and absolute ethanol embolization. AB - In a series 49 embolizations of 30 renal carcinomas, of which 21 were later nephrectomized, the early results of embolization with Gelfoam or absolute ethanol were compared. Embolization with absolute ethanol, using Citanest renal anaesthesia and a balloon occlusion catheter was significantly (p less than 0.001) more effective, and also caused significantly (p less than 0.05) less nausea or vomiting and almost significantly (p less than 0.10) less pain, compared with Gelfoam embolization. PMID- 3913378 TI - Diclofenac versus indomethacin given as intravenous infusions: their effect on haemodynamics and bleeding time, and side-effects in healthy subjects. AB - Given as an intravenous infusion during a 1-hour period, 32.5 mg diclofenac and 25 mg indomethacin did not cause significant changes in blood pressure or pulse rate in 31 healthy subjects. One hour after the end of the infusion, the bleeding time was significantly prolonged with both drugs; however, the mean values were within the normal range. There was no difference in the type of side-effects recorded in this study when compared to previous reports, except for a centrally stimulating effect of diclofenac, which appeared in 11 subjects. Diclofenac and indomethacin thus seem suitable for a patient study of pre-, intra- and postoperative treatment of pain. PMID- 3913379 TI - Haemodynamic effects of prazosin combinations during dynamic and isometric exercise. AB - Haemodynamic effects of atenolol 50 mg, clonidine 0.15 mg, and prazosin 5 mg, given twice daily, and of the combinations atenolol + prazosin and clonidine + prazosin were studied in 8 hypertensive outpatients. Measurements were made at rest, during isometric sustained handgrip and submaximal ergometer work in mostly double-blind and cross-over fashion. Given individually atenolol and prazosin lowered resting supine blood pressure. The addition of prazosin increased the antihypertensive effects of atenolol but not of clonidine. At the end of the isometric exercise atenolol and prazosin given alone both lowered diastolic blood pressure as compared to respective pretreatment values. During handgrip prazosin contributed a little, but not much, to the antihypertensive effects of atenolol and clonidine. During dynamic exercise atenolol, clonidine, and prazosin given alone each lowered blood pressure, prazosin decreasing diastolic blood pressure in particular. Prazosin added to the antihypertensive effect of atenolol more than that of clonidine. Echocardiographic measurements revealed no significant differences between treatments at rest. During handgrip the mean velocity of left ventricular circumferential muscle fibre shortening was reduced by atenolol as compared to pretreatment values. We conclude that atenolol + prazosin may help the patients to maintain adequate haemodynamics during daily physical stresses whilst the combination prazosin + clonidine may not offer any particular advantages. PMID- 3913380 TI - Synthetic vaccines: present and future. PMID- 3913381 TI - Adjuvants of immunity. PMID- 3913382 TI - Malaria vaccine against sporozoites? AB - Malaria kills over one million people a year. A promising candidate suitable for either a synthetic or a genetically engineered malaria vaccine has been synthesized. The molecule, a string of 4 amino acids repeated 3 times, is modeled on a surface component of sporozoites apparent when they are injected by a mosquito into a human. An immune response to the peptide might neutralize sporozoites before they are sequestered in host liver cells. The peptide reacted with antibodies in serum of randomly selected individuals living where malaria is endemic and with serum from a volunteer protected from infection by immunization with irradiated parasites. It induced antibodies in animals; the antibodies prevented the parasite from entering human cells growing in culture. PMID- 3913384 TI - [Comments on the article "Restoration of urinary continuity in renal transplantation"]. PMID- 3913383 TI - [Pyeloureteral duplications in the adult: diagnostic means and therapeutic indications. Apropos of 20 cases]. AB - Complicated pyelo-ureteral duplication in the adult may be revealed by recurrent pyelonephritis or urinary leakage. The diagnosis can be performed by combined urography and ultrasound scan. The management is rarely conservative. In most cases, it consists in hemonephrectomy. The ureterectomy is partial, extending up to the pelvic brim in the case of a fine ureter. If the ureter is dilated, however, the ureterectomy must be subtotal, in order to avoid postoperative infectious recurrence. PMID- 3913385 TI - Immunofluorescent and histologic study of cold urticaria. AB - Biopsies of spontaneous and ice-induced wheals of five patients with cold urticaria showed two types of lesions: one with predominant neutrophils and one with predominant lymphocytes. Immunofluorescent studies of the five cases showed nonspecific findings in two cases and negative findings in three cases. PMID- 3913386 TI - Pulmonary damage associated with falciparum malaria: a report of ten cases. AB - Ten cases of pulmonary involvement associated with falciparum malaria are described. Measurements of pulmonary capillary wedge pressure were made in five of the ten cases, and no evidence of raised hydrostatic pressure in the pulmonary microcirculation was found which could account for the pulmonary oedema observed. All cases were treated with oxygen and positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP), and there were six survivors. The evidence to support the presence of an Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)-type lesion in malaria is discussed. PMID- 3913387 TI - Cutaneous leishmaniasis in Mowaqqar area, Amman Governorate, Jordan. AB - At least 193 cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis occurred in eight villages of Mowaqqar area, Jordan, between December 1982 and April 1983. Peak transmission of the disease is thought to have taken place in late summer 1982. Approximately 67% of the cases were below 15 years of age and the lesions seen were of the dry type. The sand jird, Psammomys obesus, and the sandfly, Phlebotomus papatasi, the potential animal reservoir and vector of the disease respectively, were found in the affected area. Furthermore, Leishmania amastigotes were seen in smears from ears of seven out of 11 jirds collected from the area suggesting the zoonotic nature of the disease there. PMID- 3913388 TI - Effects of tick infestation on the plaque-forming cell response to a thymic dependent antigen. AB - Strain-2 guinea-pigs were given two five-day infestations with Dermacentor andersoni larvae. Each exposure consisted of 100 larvae, and the first and second infestations were separated by a seven-day tick-free period. Tick-exposed animals were given an intravenous injection with sheep red blood cells (SRBC) at selected times during and after infestation: (a) the last, fifth day, of a first exposure, (b) the second day of a second infestation, (c) the fifth day of a second infestation and (d) four days after termination of the second infestation. Ability of these animals to respond immunologically to the SRBC injection was assessed by the direct haemolytic plaque-forming cell assay, a very sensitive test used to determine the number of spleen cells producing IgM to SRBC target cells. Strain-2 animals given SRBC at the end of an initial infestation, or during a second tick exposure, produced significantly fewer direct haemolytic plaque-forming cells than did uninfested controls given a similar SRBC immunization regimen. Spleen cells of animals administered SRBC on the fourth day after termination of a second infestation displayed a haemolytic plaque-forming cell response which did not differ significantly from that of uninfested controls. PMID- 3913389 TI - Glucan-induced immunity in mice against Plasmodium berghei. PMID- 3913390 TI - Plasma cells in the draining lymph nodes of cutaneous leishmaniasis patients contain Leishmania antigen. PMID- 3913391 TI - [Migration and health: a literature review. II. Descriptive studies. An inventory of available studies concerning migrants' health with emphasis on Moroccans in Belgium and the Netherlands]. PMID- 3913392 TI - Influence of prostacyclin on coronary thrombosis and myocardial ischemia in conscious canine experiments. AB - The effects of intraventricular infusion of prostacyclin (PGI2; 50, 100 ng/kg/min) on hemodynamics, the ECG, coronary thrombosis and myocardial ischemia were studied in chronically equipped, resting conscious dogs and compared to those of intracardiac administration of Tris-HCl as vehicle. Coronary thrombosis was induced by electrical stimulation of an artery over an implanted wire for 6 hr. PGI2 infusion at 100 ng/kg/min decreased blood pressure by 24 +/- 3% (p less than 0.01) for 5 hr, increased heart rate at 1 hr by 28 +/- 4% (p less than 0.05) followed by a decrement, and elevated cardiac output by 41 +/- 3% (p less than 0.05). Filling pressure and dP/dtmax did not change. Treatment with PGI2 prevented ischemic S-T segment alterations in the ECG and arrhythmias observed in controls. The prostanoid infusion reduced coronary thrombus weight from 64 +/- 7.8 mg (mean +/- S.D.) in controls to 10.7 +/- 6.3 mg and 5.2 +/- 7.1 mg (both p less than 0.001) after 50 and 100 ng/kg/min, respectively. It also reduced myocardial ischemia following occlusive coronary thrombosis from 48 +/- 12% of the left ventricle in controls to 8.8 +/- 8.7% (p less than 0.01) and 2.4 +/- 5.2% (p less than 0.001) in the hearts treated with 50 or 100 ng/kg/min PGI2. The results suggest that PGI2 infusion exerts beneficial effects on heart performance by long-lasting blood pressure reduction and elevation of cardiac output caused by dilation of arterial vessels. PGI2 infusion prevents occlusive coronary artery thrombosis in response to intimal damage by anti-thrombotic properties and vasodilation of coronary arteries. This protects the heart from ischemia observed in controls. PMID- 3913393 TI - Involvement of the renin-angiotensin system in the dipsogenic effect of morphine. AB - This paper examined whether drinking elicited by morphine is dependent upon an intact renin-angiotensin system. Bilateral nephrectomy, carried out one day prior to administration of morphine, completely abolished morphine-induced water intake, pointing to involvement of the kidneys in the dipsogenic effect of morphine. Plasma and renal renin depletion were induced by the clipping of one renal artery followed, one month later, by removal of the clipped kidney. In such renin-depleted rats with subnormal plasma renin levels, morphine and isoprenaline induced water intakes were linearly related to pre-injection basal plasma renin level. Such a relationship was not found in rats with normal renin levels. These results pointed to the existence of a permissive interaction between morphine and the renin-angiotensin system. Captopril, an inhibitor of the angiotensin converting enzyme, increased morphine-induced water intake. We interpreted this drinking response as being the sum of morphine-induced drinking (following a permissive interaction between morphine and circulating angiotensin I or renin) and captopril-induced drinking (following a captopril-induced increase in circulating renin and angiotensin I levels). The competitive antagonist of angiotensin II, saralasin, had no effect on morphine-induced drinking. This result pointed once again to a permissive interaction between morphine and circulating angiotensin I or renin. PMID- 3913394 TI - [Reconstructive plastic surgery of fronto-orbital fibrous dysplasia]. PMID- 3913395 TI - Cloning of DNA sequences from Methanococcus vannielii capable of autonomous replication in yeast. AB - Total DNA of the archaebacterium Methanococcus vannielii was digested with BamHI or BamHI/HindIII, cloned with plasmid Yip5 and analyzed for sequences capable of autonomous replication (ARSs) in the eukaryote Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Two recombinant plasmids were isolated which contained 3.3 kb and 8 kb fragments of methanogen derived DNA with ARS activity. They exhibited low transformation efficiencies for yeast and promoted slow growth of yeast transformants. PMID- 3913396 TI - [Monographic issue in honor of Dr. Luis Valenciano Gaya]. PMID- 3913397 TI - [Quantitative bacteriological research on experimentally infected laboratory animals. 2. The dynamics of the germ count in mice experimentally infected with Salmonella dublin and Salmonella typhimurium]. PMID- 3913398 TI - [Dose-effect study of Berlin-Chemie's GnRHvet in castrated heifers by luteinizing hormone detection]. PMID- 3913399 TI - Properties of new marine bactericidal Microvibrios. PMID- 3913400 TI - The role of immunoreceptors. AB - The nature of the main types of immunoreceptors is discussed with reference to current investigations which are starting to indicate their function and structure. The immunoreceptors of the lymphoid cells, mast cells and basophils are reviewed. PMID- 3913401 TI - Endotoxin and pharmacokinetics of rifampicin. AB - Changes of pharmacokinetics of rifampicin (20 mg . kg-1 orally) were seen in rabbits pretreated with 0.02, 0.2 and 2.0 micrograms . kg-1 of endotoxin S. typhimurium given intravenously. The animals served as their own controls. The two higher endotoxin doses induced significantly lower plasma levels and changes in the absorption and elimination phase. After the lowest endotoxin dose the results were variable. Tolerance to pyrogenicity of endotoxin, produced by daily toxin administration abolished the otherwise induced changes in rifampicin pharmacokinetics. PMID- 3913402 TI - Principles in cochlear toxicity. AB - The hair cells of the cochlea (neuroepithelium) represent the primary target in most drug-induced ototoxic adverse effects on hearing (e.g. aminoglycoside antibiotics). To what extent an exogenically-induced morphologic damage to hair cells is reversible is not known. In aging structurally altered hair cells can persist for years likewisely not any longer participating in sensory transduction as the hair cells degenerate, secondary changes occur in the spiral ganglion cells and the neuronal pathways. Following heavy metal poisoning an adverse effect is observed on both central and peripheral innervation of the cochlea and only minor primary changes occur in the receptor cells. The link between function and morphology in the cochlea is very obvious regarding the high and middle frequencies with a distinct tonotopic localisation whereas for low frequencies (below 1 khz) such a specific morphologic correlation is lacking. Ototoxic effects primarily affecting the source for the production of endolymph, i.e. the stria vascularis, become manifest at all frequencies and at a rather early stage. Independent of type of substance penetrating into the inner ear, the substance has a considerably slower elimination rate as compared with all other compartments in the body. The toxicity of the drugs seems to be more related to its tissue binding capacity and saturation of receptor sites than related to the concentration of the drug in endo-or perilymph. PMID- 3913404 TI - The role of the estrogen receptor in diethylstilbestrol toxicity. AB - The site and specificity of the tissue response to a toxicant are of central importance; it is in this area of diethylstilbestrol (DES) toxicity that the estrogen receptor would appear to play its primary role. Compilation of the various sites of DES toxicity in humans and experimental animals indicates that lesions appear predominantly in estrogen responsive target tissues suggesting that the presence of the estrogen receptor in such target tissues may help govern the tissue specificity of the toxic insult. DES and many of its oxidative metabolites interact with high affinity with the estrogen receptor. Such an interaction may be responsible for localizing DES to target tissues. Autoradiographic and biochemical studies have supported the localization of radiolabeled DES in susceptible tissues. The intracellular mechanism of receptor binding of DES and certain metabolites could then result in mobilization of these compounds to the nucleus. Experimental evidence has shown that DES and a number of its metabolites are able to translocate receptor to the nucleus of uterine cells. Such an action by the receptor results in an increased probability of potential chemical interactions with the genome. The actual induction of a chemical lesion in the target cell may, at this point, proceed by non-receptor mediated mechanisms. For example, studies using in vitro cell culture systems which contain no estrogen receptors have shown that DES can induce neoplastic cell transformation, mutagenesis, irreversible binding to DNA and protein and unscheduled DNA synthesis. These results raise the possibility that a part of DES toxicity may follow pharmacologic principles established for chemical carcinogens. Following induction of the molecular lesion, the role of the receptor continues in this process by mediating increased protein synthesis and mitogenesis in responsive target tissues which ultimately permits a more extensive expression of the toxic effects. It has been demonstrated that DES is a potent mitogen in vivo in both uterine and pituitary tissues, subsequently, the lesion will perpetuate itself through this receptor mediated biological response. This is particularly important since a number of DES induced reproductive tract tumors are expressed only after additional estrogen exposure. While other tumors have been shown to be estrogen sensitive and will regress without continued estrogen stimulation. Therefore, it should be considered that the presence of the estrogen receptor and the estrogen receptor mediated biological responsiveness of a particular tissue are most important in explaining the specificity of DES toxicity. PMID- 3913405 TI - Mutagenic metabolites in rat urine after dermal exposure to 1,3-diaminobenzene. AB - Amberlite XAD-2 purified urine extracts from rats treated dermally with 1,3 diaminobenzene were fractionated by HPLC and the metabolites were identified by GC-MS. Mutagenic activity in Salmonella typhimurium TA 98 was equally distributed between the two fractions, none of which contained the parent amine. The first fraction, eluted between 2-7 minutes, contained only a very small amount of presently unidentified metabolites, while the second fraction eluted between 14 19 minutes contained N,N'-diacetyl-1,3-diaminobenzene. Both fractions showed minor, but still significant activity even without metabolic activation. A non mutagenic fraction, eluted between 10-12 minutes contained N-acetyl -acetyl-1,3 diaminobenzene and N,N'-diacetyl-2,4-diaminophenol. PMID- 3913403 TI - Link between functional and morphological changes in the inner ear--functional changes produced by ototoxic agents and their interactions. AB - Common potentials used to evaluate cochlear function are the ac cochlear potential (ACCP), N1 and the positive dc endocochlear potential (EP). The ACCP is an electrical analogue of the sound stimulus; its source is the electrical activity of the cochlear hair cells. N1 is a volume conductor recorded action potential of the auditory nerve. The EP is the positive polarization of the middle compartment of the cochlea (scala media) with respect to the other compartments (the scalae tympani and vestibuli); the stria vascularis is apparently responsible for the EP. Generally, ototoxic drugs and very intense broad-band noise affect the basal portion of the cochlea first and, because of tonotopic organization, the ACCP responses to high frequency pure tones are affected before those to the low frequencies. However, the correlation between the effect of an ototraumatic agent on the ACCP and its effect on cochlear morphology is not always reliable. The correlations between changes in N1 and EP and in cochlear morphology are even less precise. Also discussed will be the cochlear effects of noise and the ototoxic interactions between drug/drug, noise/drug, and noise/drug/otitis media. PMID- 3913406 TI - A six month dermal irritation test with anthralins in the Gottingen miniature swine. AB - Anthralins, especially dithranol, have been used for the treatment of chronic dermatoses for many years. Unfortunately dithranol stains the skin yellow or brown. It also irritates healthy skin more than psoriatic areas. A new anthralin derivative, butantrone may be tolerated better. Because the skin of the swine resembles human skin in many respects, the Gottingen miniature swine was selected as the test animal for the present study. 12 Gottingen miniature swines of the uncoloured line were randomized into three groups. The two anthralin derivatives were spread in three separate bases (ointment, stick and gel) and in three concentrations each on the allocated skin sites on the flanks of the animals. The responses of the skin were evaluated daily (except Sundays) for six months. Because there was a separate group for the control animals (bases only), for dithranol and butantrone, it was possible to make observations on systemic toxicity, too. Butantrone and dithranol turned out almost equally irritating to the skin of the miniature swine. The mean primary irritation scores in the butantrone group were slightly higher than in the dithranol group. On the other hand, the concentrations of butantrone were higher. It is possible that the release of the drugs from the gel formula was poorer than from the ointment and stick bases. PMID- 3913407 TI - [Pathologic anatomy of the central nervous system in subacute spongiform encephalopathy (Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease)]. AB - The analysis of 7 cases of subacute spongiform encephalopathy, the Creutzfeldt Jacob disease (CJD), is given. Three main morphological features are typical for this disease: spongiform change of the grey matter, progressive neuronal loss and proliferation of the astroglia cells. Unlike the other spongiform conditions, spongiform change in the CJD develops in neuropile of the brain grey matter. As a rule, the disease affects at first the cortex of the cerebral hemispheres, then subcortical nuclear groups, cerebellum and more rarely nuclear groups of the brain stem. The demyelinization of the white matter of the cerebral hemispheres is not obligatory for the CJD and appears in cases with a severe lesion of the grey matter. PMID- 3913409 TI - [Calcium channel blockers]. PMID- 3913408 TI - [Morphology of the liver in experimental shock]. AB - The authors' and literature data on the liver changes at different types of shock are summarized with consideration of the role of etiology and pathogenetic factors. Three groups of similar liver alterations reflecting the severity of impairment of the reticulo-endothelial system (RES), microcirculation and parenchyma are distinguished. No clear-cut dependence between the liver morphological changes and the severity of shock is noted. At the same time the characteristic structural alterations for some forms of shock differing at their early stages by a predominance of neuro-reflectoral, hypovolemic or toxic component are revealed. A rapidly developing hydropic degeneration, the absence of the compensatory changes, signs of the RES deficiency with the progressing necrobiotic and necrotic processes in the liver are characteristic for a neuro reflectoral shock. Endotoxic shock is associated with widespread intravascular thrombi, liver cell necrosis, combination of the destruction of reticuloendotheliocytes with the signs of their preceding activation, foci of a smooth cytoplasmic network hyperplasia of centrolobular hepatocytes; hypovolemic shock is characterized by activation of compensatory processes. PMID- 3913410 TI - Dinner in honour of Robert Harris, AM, MBE, Editor Emeritus, Australian Dental Journal. PMID- 3913411 TI - The management of obstructive jaundice. PMID- 3913412 TI - An assessment of an immunochemical test for human haemoglobin in the detection of colonic polyps. AB - It is now widely accepted that malignant tumours of the colon and rectum almost invariably arise from pre-existing adenomatous polyps. If such polyps could be detected and removed colonoscopically before they become malignant, theoretically the incidence of invasive colorectal cancer could be dramatically reduced. The purpose of this study was to determine whether an immunochemical test for faecal occult blood would identify patients with benign colonic polyps. The faecal samples from 121 patients scheduled to undergo colonoscopy were tested by our immunochemical method and the Hemoccult II test. There were nine patients who had malignant colorectal tumours. These were excluded from this study. Twenty-nine were found to have colonic polyps. Fifteen of these had one or more faecal samples which were positive by the immunochemical test. In contrast, there was only one patient who had a positive Hemoccult II test. Fourteen of the remaining 83 patients had positive immunochemical tests. The findings on colonoscopy provided satisfactory explanations in all these cases. Polyps of all sizes and histological type were associated with positive immunochemical tests. It is concluded that the immunochemical test has sufficiently high sensitivity for colonic polyps to make feasible the screening of patients at high risk of developing colonic cancer. PMID- 3913413 TI - Presence of intra-mucosal smooth muscle cells in normal human and rat colon. AB - Intramucosal smooth muscle cells surrounding the crypts and originating from the muscularis mucosae were observed in normal human and rat colon. Immunohistochemical techniques, using anti-desmin and anti-actin antibodies, along with ultrastructural procedures were employed to investigate the nature and distribution of these cells. Desmin-positive and actin-rich smooth muscle cells sprouting from the muscularis mucosae into the lamina propria and surrounding the crypts were observed both in rat and human colon. The intramucosal smooth muscle cells may play an important role in some pathophysiological conditions. PMID- 3913414 TI - Characterization of a tightly centromere-linked gene essential for meiosis in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - The centromere region in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is characterized by short DNA fragments, less than 1,000 bp in length, that are capable of stabilizing entire chromosomes throughout mitotic and meiotic cell divisions. The CEN fragments are organized in a unique chromatin structure and are surrounded by ordered arrays of nucleosomal subunits. RNA transcripts are found 200-300 bp from the centromere, and lie within this ordered chromatin array. No transcripts have been detected through the centromere itself. We have examined the expression and cellular function of a tightly centromere-linked transcript on chromosome 11, (CEN11)L. The (CEN11)L transcript is present at constitutive levels throughout the mitotic and meiotic cell cycles. Disruption of the coding sequences in vivo has no effect on cell viability or mitotic growth, but the cells are unable to sporulate. Genetic complementation with known mutants in sporulation (spo10, spo13) has defined (CEN11)L as a new locus that appears to be required during both meiotic segregation divisions. PMID- 3913415 TI - The kinetochore of mammalian chromosomes: structure and function in normal mitosis and aneuploidy. AB - The kinetochore is a structurally differentiated site on mitotic chromosomes to which spindle microtubules (MTs) are attached. In mammalian cells, the kinetochore is organized into a trilamellar plate and is morphologically distinct from the centromere. Although kinetochores and centromeres are morphologically and biochemically distinct regions, they are functionally linked and necessary for normal chromosome movement and segregation. Recent biochemical and immunocytochemical studies suggest that the kinetochore is composed of several polypeptides, DNA, and possibly RNA. The kinetochore plates are composed of tubulin and two antigens of 17 Kd and 80 Kd, as detected by scleroderma CREST antiserum. Colcemid, a MT inhibitor, also causes reversible rearrangements of kinetochore structure. Mitomycin C binds to heterochromatin and causes the trilamellar plates to become detached from the chromosome. Diethylstilbestrol (DES), a synthetic estrogen, inhibits mitosis in mammalian cells and causes chromosome lagging or malorientation during recovery. Electron microscopy indicates that DES causes disruption of the mitotic spindle, centriole elongation, and unusual chromosome associations due to interkinetochore microtubules. No apparent damage to kinetochores was noted in lagging or maloriented chromosomes. PMID- 3913416 TI - Microtubule dynamics and the mitotic cycle: a model. PMID- 3913417 TI - Mechanisms and detection of chromosome malsegregation using Drosophila and the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PMID- 3913418 TI - Mechanisms to stimulate research on assay systems to detect aneuploidy. AB - The present database on the induction of aneuploidy is inadequate to make comparisons between effects on lower eukaryotic and higher eukaryotic organisms. There is also an urgent need to develop new assays to detect the induction of aneuploidy in animals, as well as assays in lower eukaryotic organisms which can be used in mass-screening programs. The development of chemical and data repositories of chemicals that induce aneuploidy with known activity is proposed as a mechanism to stimulate research in this area. An efficient mechanism to develop a comprehensive database on particular assay systems and a defined set of chemicals is an international Collaborative Trial developed under and sponsored by the International Program on Chemical Safety at the World Health Organization. IPCS is sponsored by voluntary contributions from those member countries who consider such collaborative studies of importance for the development of methodology that can be used to evaluate the mutagenic and carcinogenic potential of environmental chemicals. Exposure to natural and manmade chemicals can be unique, and member countries cannot necessarily assume that chemicals to which native populations will be exposed will be tested elsewhere. The development of an International Collaborative Trial on chemicals that induce aneuploidy and a wide range of eukaryotic assay systems provide an excellent mechanism for the development of a comprehensive database. Within 2-3 years these new data could help to resolve some of the numerous questions that have arisen during the course of the research presented in this Volume. PMID- 3913420 TI - [Therapeutic results in lunate malacia]. PMID- 3913419 TI - [Longitudinal rupture of the knee extensor system]. PMID- 3913421 TI - Electrophoretic studies of human upper gastrointestinal mucosal acid proteinases. AB - The pattern of acid proteinase zymogens, seven pepsinogens (Pg) and slow moving protease (SMP), in normal human gastric mucosa has been reported. No significant differences were found in appearance of individual pepsinogens in oxyntic mucosa in the two sexes, but in pyloric mucosa, Pg 3 occurred significantly more often in men. Rapidly migrating pepsinogens (constituents of Group I pepsinogens) were seen in pyloric mucosa as well as in oxyntic mucosa. The duodenal mucosa contained small amounts of proteinases, the activity being largely confined to the slower moving proteinases (constituents of Group II pepsinogens). PMID- 3913422 TI - Antimicrobial activity of clavines. AB - The antimicrobial activity of two clavine-type ergot alkaloids (agroclavine, festuclavine), and 16 derivatives against four human pathogenic bacteria and Candida albicans was determined. It is shown that all ergolines tested with one exception exhibit antibacterial properties against one to four bacteria species. The most active compounds are 6-allyl-6-norfestuclavine (minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) 30 micrograms/ml against Staphylococcus aureus), 1-propyl-6 norfestuclavine (MIC 60 micrograms/ml against Escherichia coli), 6-cyano-6 norfestuclavine (MIC 250 micrograms/ml against Pseudomonas aeruginosa), and 1 methyl-agroclavine (MIC 200 micrograms/ml against Proteus vulgaris). 1-Allyl-6 norfestuclavine and 1-propyl-6-norfestuclavine showed a broad action spectrum: the growth of all four bacteria species and of Candida albicans was inhibited. The most effective antifungal compounds are 1-propyl-6-norfestuclavine and 6 cyano-6-norfestuclavine (MIC 250 micrograms/ml). Three alkaloids of different structure (codeine, emetine, quinine) are inactive up to 500 micrograms/ml against the bacteria species and C. albicans. The acute toxicity (mouse) is remarkably diminished by the modifications of the natural clavines. PMID- 3913423 TI - Effect of a stable prostacyclin analogue on platelet function and experimentally induced thrombosis in the microcirculation. AB - Sodium dl-4-[1R,2R,3aS,8bS)-1,2,3a,8b-tetrahydro- 2-hydroxy-1-[(3S,4RS)-3-hydroxy 4-methyl-oct-6- yne-(E)-1-enyl]-5-cyclopenta[b]benzofuranyl]butyrate (TRK-100) is a stable analogue of prostacyclin (epoprostenol, PGI2). The drug was shown to be a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation in vitro, induced by adenosine diphosphate (ADP), using platelet-rich plasma (PRP) from human and several animal species. The inhibitory activity of TRK-100 using human platelets was half that of PGI2 and eight times that of PGE1. There was a marked tendency for platelet clumps to disaggregate following secondary aggregation in the presence of TRK-100 at final concentrations higher than 1 ng/ml. This activity was similar to PGI2 and more than 30 times that of PGE1. TRK-100 was shown to induce the disaggregation of a pre-existing thrombus in the microcirculation of the hamster cheek pouch. A dose-dependent response was obtained following oral administration of the drug at levels of 50-200 micrograms/kg. Optimal activity was observed 30 60 min after dosing and activity was sustained throughout the experimental period. TRK-100 was more active than PGE1 in the test system and appeared to be of a similar potency to PGI2. Since this drug is stable, orally active and without the hypotensive activity of PGI2, it is considered to be a potentially useful agent for antithrombotic therapy. PMID- 3913424 TI - [Protective effect of two antacids in acute acetylsalicylic acid-induced injuries to the human gastric mucosa]. AB - The present study deals with the protective effect of a pretreatment period with antacids (preparation A = gastropulgit) 50; 1 bag with suspension corresponding to 12.5 g contains: 1 g attapulgite, 1.8 g aluminium hydroxide-magnesium carbonate gel and 0.7 g sorbitol. Reference preparation B = commercial product; 1 bag with suspension corresponding to 10 ml contains: 600 mg magnesium hydroxide and 9 g aluminium hydroxide gel) on the acute acetylsalicylic acid (ASA)-induced lesions of gastric mucosa in man. 8 healthy volunteers received in a double-blind crossover design 1 or 2 bags of the antacids or placebo 15 min prior to 1500 mg p.o. of ASA. Endoscopy was performed 2 h later. In the placebo experiments ASA caused severe lesions in all volunteers (placebo values, study with preparation A: 2.9 +/- 0.1; study with preparation B: 2.8 +/- 0.2). Pretreatment with either one bag reduced the ASA-injuries to 2.2 +/- 0.3) (preparation A) and 2.1 +/- 0.3 (preparation B) (not significant compared with placebo). By contrast, a significant protection of human gastric mucosa against ASA could be achieved with 2 bags of preparation A, but not with 2 bags of preparation B (1.5 +/- 0.3, p less than 0.05; 1.9 +/- 0.3, p less than 0.05). The majority of the volunteers reported less discomfort evoked by ASA under the higher antacid doses. PMID- 3913426 TI - The low density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein receptors and their possible importance in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. AB - In man and in experimental animals, elevations in plasma cholesterol lead to premature atherosclerosis. It is likely that the cholesterol-rich low density lipoprotein (LDL) plays a keyrole in atherogenesis. LDL accumulates in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), a genetic syndrome associated with a defective LDL receptor in parenchymal cells and premature atherosclerosis. Monocytic/macrophage-like cells invading the vessel wall are becoming enriched with cholesteryl ester and concentrating in the early atherosclerotic lesion. Modification of LDL stimulates the uptake of cholesterol by macrophages in vitro leading to the conversion of the cells to lipid laden foam cells. Because of this phenomenon recent investigations were focussing on the lipid metabolism of macrophages. In vitro studies have demonstrated that macrophages have specific cell surface receptors for modified forms of LDL. It was suggested that these scavenger receptors could mediate foam cell formation in vivo, too. In vivo analysis by sequential scintiscans revealed that the liver is accumulating most actively modified LDL, possibly acting as a sieve for atherogenic lipoproteins. The putative liver receptor for modified (= atherogenic) LDL was characterized as a membrane protein of 220 000 to 250 000 D by ligand blotting. PMID- 3913425 TI - [Electroencephalography and psychometric measurements during the treatment of cerebral insufficiency with nicergoline and dihydroergotamine mesylate]. AB - 28 persons with an average age of 55 years were treated for 180 days with daily doses of 30 mg nicergoline (Sermion) and 28 persons of a comparable age were treated for the same length of time with 6 mg dihydroergotamine mesilate (DHETM) daily. Unwanted reactions occurred to a small degree in both treatment groups; they were mostly of a temporary nature and did not impede continuation of treatment. The results of the psychometric tests showed an increase in performance in both groups which was partly caused by the learning effect in repeated tests. The answers given by the patients concerning subjective changes in symptoms and general condition showed no significant differences between the two treatment groups. This leads to the assumption that both compounds have a similar effect. The analyses of the EEG activities showed a characteristic increase in the fast EEG activities after the application of nicergoline. This would indicate that there are differences in the pharmacodynamics in comparison with DHETM. PMID- 3913427 TI - Structure, phosphorylation and desensitization of the insulin receptor in hepatoma cells. AB - Long-term exposure of rat hepatoma cells to insulin results in a total desensitization of the cells to the action of the hormone. This is characterized by changes in binding and post-binding steps of insulin action, including a decrease in the number and phosphorylation of receptors, and a major modification in receptor oligomerization. PMID- 3913428 TI - [Changes of affinity and capacity of cardiac glycoside receptors]. AB - The receptor for cardiac glycosides probably is identical with the (Na+ + K+) ATPase (approximately 250 000 Daltons). Its affinity for the therapeutically used glycosides is extremely different in different species (KD approximately 10(-9)M (human heart) - approximately 10(-7)M (rat heart]. In the latter, two distinct receptor types have been demonstrated (high- and low-affinity receptors) with different effects. In the human heart, there may be two cardiac glycoside receptors as well, although this has not been proved as yet. The number of cardiac glycoside receptors and their affinity is regulated in certain states and diseases. An increased receptor density is found in hyperthyroid states, in chronic hypokalaemia and in chronic digitalis treatment. A decreased number is measured in ischemic heart disease, in dilated cardiomyopathy and in hypothyroidism. Parallel to the decreased receptor density the maximal cardiac glycoside induced positive inotropy is reduced. Pronounced toxicity occurs, if the digitalis dose is increased in spite of missing effects. PMID- 3913429 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of Candida albicans chorioamnionitis. AB - The use of diagnostic amniocentesis has been proposed for the evaluation of patients with clinical suspicion of chorioamnionitis, such as those with premature rupture of membranes and premature labor. We describe a patient in whom the diagnosis of Candida chorioamnionitis was made after diagnostic amniocentesis with the assistance of a simple and rapidly performed potassium hydroxide smear. PMID- 3913430 TI - The natural history of subependymal germinal matrix hemorrhage. AB - A prospective study of 377 premature infants (less than or equal to 1500 gm) was undertaken to delineate the natural history of subependymal/intraventricular hemorrhage (S/IVH) and its complications using ultrasound (US) and computed tomography (CT). Low grade (I, II) S/IVH had a low mortality while higher grades (III, IV) still had elevated mortality rates. The addition of intraparenchymal hemorrhage (IPH) to S/IVH incrementally increased the incidence of death and other complications, suggesting IPH hemorrhage should be categorized separately. When a specific day could be identified, S/IVH had its onset in the first 7 days of life with peak incidence occurring on day 3. S/IVH appeared to be an event limited to less than 24 hours in all but 5% of infants in whom progression of hemorrhage was documented over a 24-hour period. The mortality rate of these progressive hemorrhages was high, 50%. The benign phenomenon of late S/IVH was detected in 5% of infants. These hemorrhages were clinically silent and of minor severity. Several complications of S/IVH were detected. Hydrocephalus was a significant complication only for higher grades of S/IVH. When present, severe hydrocephalus had an early onset and reached a maximum at around 3 weeks of age. "Atrophic change" of a cerebral hemisphere was detected in 30% of all S/IVH infants, while this was not seen in nonS/IVH infants. This "atrophic" abnormality had a marked predilection for the left hemisphere, independent of the site of the S/IVH. Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) was documented by US in 2% of infants and could be detected in the first week of life. PVL presented in the first week of life as an echogenic lesion which developed "cystic" changes at approximately 3-4 weeks of age. This complication should be categorized separately from S/IVH. PMID- 3913431 TI - Detailed sonographic mappings of normal fetal brain anatomy in utero at six levels in the axial plain. AB - An investigation of real time sonographic features of the normal fetal brain at six levels in the axial plain was undertaken between the 26th and 40th week of gestation. Structures such as cerebrum, midbrain, basal ganglia, ventricular system, vascular system, and cerebellum can be routinely identified if ultrasound is performed systematically. The sonographic appearance of detailed brain anatomy at each level is presented with the hope that it may provide a systematic form of scanning the fetal brain. With such standardization of technique many erroneous interpretations may possibly be avoided. PMID- 3913432 TI - Education in electronic fetal heart rate monitoring using the IBM Personal Microcomputer. AB - An IBM Personal Computer was used to collect digitally fetal heart rate and uterine contraction data from an electronic fetal monitor. Patient history, physical examination, and pertinent clinical data were also stored electronically. The information was reviewed in an educational format including prospective clinical assessment and patient management. In addition, questions, graded responses and text discussion with references were presented during prospective patient management. PMID- 3913433 TI - Dial-up computer networks and perinatal medicine. PMID- 3913434 TI - A microcomputer-based tutorial program for computer-based training and patient care. AB - This program provides the nonprogrammer a tool to develop easily modified computer assisted tutorials, tests, and simulations with a word processor. In addition, by using the branching and query features of this program, one can easily develop text files that provide rapid access to information related to patient care such as neonatal formularies and patient care algorithms. PMID- 3913435 TI - The interhemispheric fissure: a commonly mislabeled cranial landmark. AB - The bright midline echo observed in fetal cranial sonography has been termed by many authors the "falx cerebri." Anatomic, embryologic, and sonographic evidence presented here suggests that this terminology is incorrect and that use of the term "interhemispheric fissure" is more appropriate. PMID- 3913436 TI - Meniscus repair--open vs. arthroscopic. PMID- 3913437 TI - A decade of arthroscopic surgery: AANA. Presidential address. PMID- 3913439 TI - Graphical tool for comparing ratios proposed in the literature on traffic accidents. AB - Investigators of accidents use accident rates and ratios to measure risk of being involved in a traffic accident. This paper uses two examples to present a graphical technique, that summarizes scatters of points by ellipses, to help describe the accident involvement of drivers. The first appendix tells how the technique works and the second appendix summarizes other types of ratios used in the literature. The paper discusses how the technique may tie together ratios in the literature on accidents and ageing of drivers. PMID- 3913438 TI - A technique of arthroscopic suture of torn menisci. PMID- 3913440 TI - A review of the literature evaluating the Defensive Driving Course. AB - The Defensive Driving Course (DDC), like other post-licensure driver training programs, is intended to reduce the rate of motor vehicle crashes among those who take the course. A review of the literature revealed 14 controlled studies of the effects of DDC. About a third of these studies provided methodologically strong tests of DDC, but the remainder had design flaws that made their findings questionable or inadequate as tests of DDC. Only among the flawed tests were there large, positive effects of DDC. In the methodologically strong tests, DDC had no consistent effect on crashes but did decrease the frequency of traffic violations by about 10%. The failure of violation reductions to be translated into crash reductions may indicate that the violation reduction is an artifact of traffic record procedures or that the changes in driver behavior, if real, were insufficient to modify individual crash likelihoods. In either event, the best available evidence does not support the hypothesis that DDC decreases the likelihood of motor vehicle crashes. PMID- 3913441 TI - [Development of the specialty of anesthesiology in the field of medicine at the Karl Marx University in Leipzig (Harry Hartmann)]. PMID- 3913442 TI - [Recommendations by the Society for Anesthesiology and Intensive care of East Germany and the Society for Nephrology of East Germany on the conditioning of organ donors for kidney transplantation]. PMID- 3913443 TI - How do the basal ganglia and cerebellum gain access to the cortical motor areas? AB - We have used retrograde transport of wheat germ agglutinin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase to examine the origin of the thalamic input to the two premotor areas with the densest projections to the motor cortex. These are: arcuate premotor area (APA) and the supplementary motor area (SMA). Retrograde transport demonstrated that the two premotor areas and the motor cortex each receive thalamic input from separate, cytoarchitectonically well-defined subdivisions of the ventrolateral thalamus. According to the nomenclature of Olszewski (1952), input to the APA originates largely from area X; input to the SMA originates largely from the pars oralis subdivision of the nucleus ventralis lateralis (VLo); and that to the motor cortex is largely from the pars oralis subdivision of the nucleus ventralis posterior lateralis (VPLo). These observations, when combined with prior studies on the termination of various subcortical efferents in the thalamus, lead to the following scheme of projections: rostral portions of the deep cerebellar nuclei project to motor cortex via VPLo, caudal portions of the deep cerebellar nuclei project to the APA via area X; and the globus pallidus projects to the SMA via VLo. Thus each thalamocortical pathway is associated with a distinct subcortical input. PMID- 3913444 TI - Manipulation reach and visual reach neurons in the inferior parietal lobule of the rhesus monkey. AB - The characteristics of inferior parietal lobule (IPL) 'reach cell' responses were studied in the fixating monkey in order to obtain a clue to the function of this area in manipulative behavior. Two subclasses of reach neurons, one showing visual receptive field sensitivity, the other lacking such responsiveness are proposed as correlates of two types of reach behavior, one that takes place with, the other without visual guidance, respectively. Neuronal firing increment and/or firing decrement responses, stimulus-bound to reach behavior were obtained from either type of cell. These were presented as equivalent modes of signal encoding, on the basis of the transformability of neuronal firing increment to firing decrement response as a result of preconditioning stimulation of the oral pulvinar nucleus. Many of the responses obtained were bimodal and some were biphasic, i.e. consisting of incremental and decremental firing phases. As each such component was independently modifiable, they were regarded different signal entities. The multicomponental nature of the visual reach neuronal response was manifested when the reaching movement was into the receptive field of the neuron. Responses consisted then of an initial component, presumably visual, prefixed to a response component stimulus-bound to the reach-invoking stimuli. The early component occupied the same position as the visual response of the cell obtained with visual receptive field stimulation alone. Moreover, the early component could be negated by preconditioning stimulation of the LP and/or pulvinar targets, and then the residual response simulated the response of a non-visual reach neuron.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3913445 TI - Clinical aspects of premotor function. AB - Observations on patients with frontal lesions including the premotor cortex but not the primary motor cortex as shown by CT scans have shown a slight or moderate weakness of the contralateral shoulder or hip muscles which remained as a permanent deficit. The second deficit was an incoordination between movements requiring temporal adjustment between proximal muscle activities of both sides (limb-kinetic apraxia). From the clinical examination there was no evidence for deficient sensory guidance of movement. Visual control of hand and finger movements was normal as long as the arm could be supported during the tasks. In contrast, gross abnormalities of visually guided reaching (visuomotor ataxia) or somesthetic movement control (tactile apraxia) are seen after parieto-occipital lesions. On the basis of clinical observations it is therefore more likely that sensory-motor integration and transformation already takes place at the posterior lobes, where corresponding disturbances are pronounced but are absent after frontal lobe lesions. PMID- 3913446 TI - Inputs from motor and premotor cortex to the superior colliculus of the macaque monkey. AB - In retrograde studies of corticotectal projections in the monkey using horseradish peroxidase (HRP), projections of the frontal lobes were found to originate not only from the frontal eye fields and prefrontal association cortex but also from both motor and premotor cortex. Even small HRP injections into the superficial layers of the superior colliculus yielded labelled cells in the agranular cortex (area 6) of the anterior bank of the arcuate sulcus. After large collicular injections affecting all layers, labelled cells were found in both motor and premotor cortex. This projection appeared to be topographically organized. Injections into the anterolateral parts of the superior colliculus labelled cells that were distributed within the presumed finger-hand--arm shoulder representation, whereas after more caudal injections labelled cells occurred more in the presumed arm-trunk representation. The supplementary motor cortex was not found to contain labelled cells. The corticotectal cells in the motor cortex differed from those in the premotor cortex in their size distribution; the former being small, the latter both small and large. The functional significance of the motor and premotor input into the superior colliculus for sensory, and particularly visual, guidance of movements is discussed in view of a collicular role in the extrapersonal space representation and of its possible participation in steering arm and hand movements. PMID- 3913447 TI - End-state renal failure in diabetic nephropathy: pathophysiology and treatment. AB - Forty percent of patients with insulin-dependent diabetes will develop nephropathy during the course of their disease, thus being the most important single disorder leading to end-stage renal failure (ESRF). Intensive metabolic control delays onset of diabetic nephropathy, the first omen of which is appearance of subclinical albuminuria, also termed microalbuminuria. Moreover, it is now established that intensive treatment of hypertension reduces rate of decline in GFR and thus postpones ESRF. When uremia eventually sets in, a range of biochemical and endocrine abnormalities can be included among those characteristics of diabetes mellitus per se. These include elevated plasma levels of growth hormone, glucagon and free fatty acids, which may participate in the uremic insulin resistance superimposed on the preexisting diabetic carbohydrate intolerance. Hemodialysis (HD) and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) are two established modalities of renal replacement therapy in diabetes mellitus. Controlled clinical trials for comparison of CAPD versus HD treatment of diabetics are, however, still needed. The survival rate is approximately 80 and 65-95% in insulin-dependent diabetic patients at 1 year during treatment with HD and CAPD, respectively. However, it is general experience that diabetics on CAPD exhibit a glycemic control, superior to that attained during HD. It has not been proved that patient survival after cadaveric renal transplantation is better than on dialysis. The degree of vascular heart disease seems to be the major determinant for survival of kidney-transplanted diabetic patients. PMID- 3913449 TI - Detoxification in hemosiderosis. AB - Transfusional iron overload in patients with chronic renal failure is a growing concern and its therapeutic approach develops both on the lines of prevention and of cure. It is now proved that the control mechanisms which relate iron absorption to body iron stores are intact in patients on dialysis. Oral iron therapy is therefore recommended in almost all patients. In some dialysis patients with transfusion-dependent anemia, a measure currently acknowledged to reduce transfusion iron overload consists of the use of young instead of mature erythrocytes for transfusions. The tissue depletion of iron by desferrioxamine is an alternative therapy which can prevent hemosiderosis or cure organ dysfunction due to iron overload. In some patients, the simultaneous occurrence of iron and aluminum overload suggests there may be competition between chelation of iron and aluminum. In fact, clinical studies show that both iron and aluminum can be removed by administration of desferrioxamine. PMID- 3913448 TI - Management of bone disease in the dialysis patient. AB - Bone disease arises in dialysis patients from either secondary hyperparathyroidism or aluminum accumulation. Certain clinical features and biochemical characteristics may help distinguish these disorders, although a bone biopsy is required for a definitive diagnosis. Hyperparathyroidism is managed by correcting serum phosphorus (dietary phosphate restriction plus phosphate binding agents), raising serum calcium (appropriate dialysate Ca, oral Ca supplements, and vitamin D sterols), and by the direct effect of vitamin D on the parathyroid glands. When these fail, parathyroidectomy is necessary. Aluminum-related bone disease is prevented by eliminating aluminum from dialysate and minimizing the intake of aluminum-containing gels. Preexisting aluminum intoxication can be treated with repeated infusions of desferrioxamine. PMID- 3913450 TI - [Seroepidemiology of infection by hepatitis B virus in student nurses: some implications for vaccination policy]. AB - To estimate the risk of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among student nurses, we measured the prevalence of HBV infection in 218 student nurses (192 female and 26 male nurses) and the annual attack rate in a subgroup of 117 subjects. In both studies sera were tested with an enzyme immunoassay for the presence of HBsAg, anti-HBc and anti-HBs. In the prevalence study 24 student nurses (11.1%) had a marker of prior HBV infection; the presence of both anti-HBc and anti-HBs was the most prevalent serologic pattern. 2 student nurses were HBsAg positive (0.9%). Prevalence of infection was strongly related to increasing age, while the occupation of the head of the family showed no effect. In the incidence study 7 subjects seroconverted in a year (6.2%): 6 acquired only anti-HBc and 1 only anti HBs. These data suggested the hypothesis that the presence of anti-HBc alone (a pattern usually associated with past infections in which anti-HBs is no more detectable) may represent false positive results. The implications of such hypothesis are discussed with particular reference to prevaccination screening policy. PMID- 3913451 TI - Upper limit of normal titer for Legionella pneumophila group 1 by indirect immunofluorescence and microagglutination tests in healthy population in Italy. AB - The background prevalence of antibody to Legionella pneumophila group 1 in two groups of healthy population of the areas of Milano and Roma, Italy, was determined by testing single serum specimens from 530 blood donors by indirect immunofluorescence (IFA) test and by microagglutination (MA). The upper limit of normal (ULN) titer was found to be 16 by IFA and 8 by MA. There was little difference in the prevalence of titers in the two geographic regions. Of the 486 subjects from whom data were available titers above the ULN value did not vary significantly with age or sex. Considering the possibility of an equivocal area IFA titers greater than 64 and MA titers greater than 16 in single serum specimens can be considered as presumptive of infection. PMID- 3913453 TI - [Kinetic evaluation of the formation of glycosylated hemoglobin]. PMID- 3913452 TI - Lyme disease in Italy: first reported case. AB - The AA describe the first italian case of Lyme Disease in a middle aged woman: the patient developed after a tick bite the classical erythema chronicum migrans lesions and one month later an oligoarthritis. By indirect immunofluorescence assay it has been found a significant titre compatible with an infection by Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme Disease. PMID- 3913454 TI - [Insulin resistance in chronic liver disease: the possible role of anti-insulin factors]. PMID- 3913455 TI - Abnormal binding of an anti-amnion antibody to epidermal basement membrane provides a novel diagnostic probe for junctional epidermolysis bullosa. AB - AA3 is a novel antibody raised against human amnion, which reacts with the basement membrane of various epithelia of ectodermal origin. We used AA3 to examine the epidermal basement membrane zone in normal skin and different genetically determined types of epidermolysis bullosa (EB), by indirect immunofluorescence. AA3 staining was normal in dystrophic and simplex EB, but was markedly reduced in lesional and non-blistered skin in severe forms of junctional EB. In non-lethal junctional EB, the intensity of staining was variable and appeared to be inversely associated with disease severity, but did not correlate with demonstrable abnormalities of hemidesmosomes. AA3 binding was not reduced in pemphigoid lesions or normal suction blisters. It appeared to localize to the lamina lucida, but with different characteristics compared with antibodies to laminin and bullous pemphigoid antigen. These finding suggest that AA3 recognizes an antigen (or antigens) which may be involved in a primary biochemical defect in junctional EB. Moreover, this antibody may act as a new probe for this potentially lethal mechano-bullous disease. PMID- 3913456 TI - Significance of non-lymphoid ('accessory') cells in malignant lymphomas and pseudolymphomas of the skin. AB - We investigated the co-distribution of lymphocyte subpopulations and non-lymphoid 'accessory' cells in 35 cases of cutaneous lymphoproliferative diseases (T-cell lymphoma, 10 cases; B-cell lymphoma, 17 cases; pseudolymphoma, 8 cases) using immunohistochemical methods. T-zone histiocytes and particularly Langerhans cells were abundant in all cutaneous T-cell lymphomas, but were also found in B-cell lymphomas. T-zone histiocytes were associated with T-lymphocytes, especially T helper cells, but not with T-suppressor cells. Dendritic reticulum cells were essentially confined to well differentiated germinal centres. Macrophages occurred in both lymphomas and pseudolymphomas without definite relationship with either B- or T-cells. In malignant lymphomas of high grade malignancy, macrophages represented the only non-lymphoid cell type. Our results indicate that malignant lymphoid cells, like normal lymphocytes, require definite micro environments which are, at least in part, maintained by certain non-lymphoid cells. PMID- 3913457 TI - Ultrasound as a screening procedure for methotrexate-induced hepatic damage in severe psoriasis. AB - Methotrexate has been of proven value in the management of patients with severe psoriasis. Its long-term use, however, can be complicated by progressive hepatic damage which has necessitated regular liver biopsies. We have looked into the efficacy of liver ultrasonography as a non-invasive screening procedure to select those patients who may be developing liver changes. Eighty-seven investigations on 82 patients were performed, comparing liver ultrasound results with liver biopsy. Eight of these showed a degree of hepatic damage which was sufficient to indicate cessation of methotrexate, and all of these were detected by ultrasonography. Our results indicate that patients whose last liver biopsy was normal could be allowed an extended interval between biopsies provided their intervening ultrasound scans remained normal. PMID- 3913459 TI - Oral acyclovir in the suppression of recurrent non-genital herpes simplex virus infection. AB - In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial in 11 patients suffering eight or more episodes of recurrent non-genital herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection per annum, only two patients experienced a recurrence during treatment with oral acyclovir (200 mg 4 times daily) for up to 12 weeks, compared with nine during placebo treatment (P = 0.016). Although lesion development was effectively suppressed in nine of the patients whilst taking acyclovir, the development of prodromal symptoms, and occasionally erythema, was reported by five. There was no difference between acyclovir and placebo in the time to the next recurrence following completion of treatment. No patient reported any side effects of either placebo or acyclovir therapy. It is believed that this is the first report of any form of oral therapy which is effective in suppressing recurrent non-genital HSV infection in immunocompetent patients. PMID- 3913460 TI - The detection of pemphigoid-like antigens on the surface of SCaBER cells. PMID- 3913458 TI - Skin cancer in renal transplant recipients is associated with increased concentrations of 6-thioguanine nucleotide in red blood cells. AB - Of 108 renal transplant recipients (53 men and 55 women) treated with azathioprine (0.8-2.9 mg/kg/day) and prednisolone (10 mg daily), 10 men had actinic keratoses, and five of these had squamous cell carcinoma, on light exposed areas of skin. The time from transplantation to diagnosis of these skin lesions varied from 1.2 to 9.0 (mean 5.1) years. The concentration of the active azathioprine metabolite 6-thioguanine nucleotide was 120-425 (mean 276) pmol per 8 X 10(8) red blood cells in the transplant patients who developed skin lesions and 54-203 (mean 130) pmol per 8 X 10(8) red blood cells in a matched control group of renal transplant recipients. This difference was statistically significant (P = 0.005). There was no statistically significant difference between patients and controls in azathioprine dosage, clinical features of immunosuppression, sunlight exposure or infection with human papilloma virus. The association of raised 6-thioguanine nucleotide concentrations in red blood cells with actinic keratoses and malignant skin tumours in these patients supports chemical carcinogenesis as a possible cause. PMID- 3913461 TI - Chorismate mutase-prephenate dehydrogenase from Escherichia coli: positive cooperativity with substrates and inhibitors. AB - Investigations have been made at pH 6.0 of the effect of chorismate and adamantane derivatives on the mutase and dehydrogenase activities of hydroxyphenylpyruvate synthase from Escherichia coli. When used over a wide range of concentrations, chorismate 5,6-epoxide, chorismate 5,6-diol, adamantane-1,3 diacetate, adamantane-1-acetate, adamantane-1-carboxylate, and adamantane-1 phosphonate give rise to nonlinear plots of the reciprocal of the initial velocity of each reaction as a function of the inhibitor concentration. The inhibitors do not induce the enzyme to undergo polymerization and have only a small effect on the S20,w value of the enzyme as determined by using sucrose density gradient centrifugation. At low substrate concentration, low concentrations of adamantane-1-acetate cause activation of both the mutase and dehydrogenase activities while at higher concentrations this compound functions as an inhibitor. When chorismate and prephenate are varied over a wide range of concentrations, double-reciprocal plots of the data indicate that the reactions exhibit positive cooperativity. The addition of albumin eliminates the cooperative interactions associated with substrates but has little effect on those associated with inhibitors. PMID- 3913462 TI - Effect of monovalent cations on the pre-steady-state kinetic parameters of the plasma protease bovine activated protein C. AB - Activated bovine plasma protein C (APC) was not reactive with the substrate p nitrophenyl p-guanidinobenzoate (NPGB) in the absence of cations. In the presence of increasing concentrations of Na+, the acylation rate constant, k2,app, at 7 degrees C, progressively increased from 0.32 +/- 0.03 s-1 at 12.5 mM Na+ to 1.15 +/- 0.10 s-1 at 62.5 mM Na+. A linear dependence of the reciprocal of k2,app with [Na+]-2 was observed, indicating that at least two monovalent cation sites, or classes of sites, are necessary for the catalytic event to occur. From this latter plot, the k2,max for APC catalysis of NPGB hydrolysis, at saturating [Na+] and [NPGB], was calculated to be 1.21 +/- 0.10 s-1, and the Km for Na+ was found to be 21 +/- 3 mM. The dissociation constant, Ks, for NPGB to APC, at 7 degrees C, was not altered as [Na+] was increased, yielding a range of values of 18.5 X 10(-5) to 19.9 X 10(-5) M as [Na+] was varied from 12.5 to 62.5 mM. The deacylation rate constant, k3, for p-guanidinobenzoyl-APC hydrolysis was also independent of [Na+], with a value of (3.8 +/- 1.0) X 10(-3) s-1 in the absence of Na+ or in the presence of concentrations of Na+ up to 200 mM. Identical kinetic behavior was observed when Cs+ was substituted for Na+ in the above enzymic reaction. The pre-steady-state kinetic parameters were calculated according to the same methodology as described above.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3913463 TI - Effect of high pN2 and high pD2 on NH3 production, H2 evolution, and HD formation by nitrogenases. AB - We have investigated the effect of the partial pressure of N2 and D2 on HD formation, H2 evolution, and NH3 production by nitrogenase from Klebsiella pneumoniae and Clostridium pasteurianum. By using pressures up to 4 atm, we have been able to extend the concentration range of N2 and D2 in our investigations beyond that used in previous studies. The pN2 dependence of HD formation with constant pD2 ideally shows no HD formation under zero pN2, reaches a peak which depends on the pD2, and then decreases to zero at very high pN2. K. pneumoniae and C. pasteurianum nitrogenases differ in their Ki(D2) for nitrogen fixation. C. pasteurianum nitrogenase had the lower activity for formation of HD. With K. pneumoniae nitrogenase, D2 enhanced H2 evolution from 31% of the electron flux partitioned to H2 in the absence of D2 to 51% of the electron flux partitioned to H2 at 400 kPa of D2. With C. pasteurianum nitrogenase, the equivalent values were 33% and 48% of the total electron flux. Our results support the mechanism for nitrogenase-catalyzed reductions proposed by W. W. Cleland [Guth, J., & Burris, R. H. (1983) Biochemistry 22, 5111-5122]. PMID- 3913464 TI - Methionyl-tRNA synthetase from Escherichia coli: primary structure at the binding site for the 3'-end of tRNAfMet. AB - It was previously shown that when the tryptic fragment of methionyl-tRNA synthetase from Escherichia coli is incubated with periodate-treated initiator tRNA, it is inactivated due to the formation of a covalent 1:1 complex that could be stabilized by reduction with cyanoborohydride [Hountondji, C., Fayat, G., & Blanquet, S. (1979) Eur. J. Biochem. 102, 247-250]. In this work, the residues labeled in the trypsin-modified enzyme have been identified. After chymotryptic digestion of the protein-tRNA complex, two major labeled peptides (A and B) and a minor one (C) were isolated and identified by sequencing. The radioactivity associated with peptides A-C represented 65-75, 20-25, and 2-4%, respectively, of the radioactivity eluted from the peptide maps. Peptides A and B encompassed lysines-335 and -61, respectively. Both these lysines were fully labeled. Peptide C encompassed lysines-142, -147, and -149, each of which was incompletely labeled. The significance of these results is discussed in light of the known crystallographic structure of the enzyme. PMID- 3913465 TI - [Plasminogen activators: general aspects and recent developments]. AB - Considerable interest in plasminogen activators as human thrombolytic drugs has stimulated rapid biotechnologic progresses. These enzymes have been classified in two immunochemically distinct groups: "urokinase-like" activators or u-PA which do not interact with fibrin and "tissue activator-like" activators or t-PA which interact with fibrin. Plasminogen activators are widely distributed in normal and malignant tissues and they are implicated in various physiological and pathological processes. They maintain the functional integrity of the vascular system and their presence may be of importance in tissue remodeling and cell migration. Urokinase and streptokinase are used in human thrombolytic therapy. However, the properties displayed by t-PA suggest that this enzyme may be a superior fibrinolytic agent. The primary structures of urokinase and t-PA are known; both enzymes have been synthesized by DNA technology. In order to produce t-PA in large quantities by gene cloning, intensive studies are conducted by pharmaceutical industries. Clinical trials using t-PA for dissolving thrombi in coronary heart disease, strokes and pulmonary embolism are in progress. This review presents the molecular and structural properties of plasminogen activators, as well as related physiological, pathological and therapeutic aspects. PMID- 3913466 TI - Therapeutic synergism. PMID- 3913467 TI - Sensitivity and specificity of a monitoring test. AB - The usefulness of a diagnostic test is generally assessed by calculating the sensitivity and specificity, or the predictive value positive and predictive value negative of the test. When subjects are monitored periodically for evidence of disease, these calculations must incorporate the varying amounts of information per individual. If in addition, the test results lie on a continuous scale, these quantities vary with the cutoff value (cutpoint) used to define a positive test. They are usually calculated for a spectrum of potential cutpoints in order to produce receiver-operator characteristic curves. In this paper we use a partial likelihood solution to the discrete logistic model in order to obtain estimates of the diagnostic test indices and to provide a significance test when the diagnostic test is administered repeatedly to individuals. PMID- 3913469 TI - Special issue in memory of Rodney Porter. PMID- 3913468 TI - Antigen-induced suppression: the role of class I major histocompatibility antigens. AB - The role of Class I major histocompatibility (MHC) antigens in the induction of specific suppression of graft rejection has been investigated. Two experimental transplantation models have been used - fully vascularized heterotopic cardiac allografts in the mouse and fully vascularized orthotopic renal allografts in the rat. Preparations of cells expressing Class I MHC antigens, for example highly purified preparations of rat erythrocytes or platelets or mouse L cells (H2k) transfected with the D locus Class I gene of the b haplotype, LDb-1 cells, were used to pretreat recipients prior to transplantation. The function of the allograft was monitored in order to assess any beneficial effects induced by Class I MHC antigens. The results obtained implicate Class I MHC as important in the induction of specific immunosuppression of vascularized allograft rejection. PMID- 3913470 TI - Rodney Robert Porter. PMID- 3913471 TI - Studies on N alpha-acylated proteins: the N-terminal sequences of two muscle enolases. AB - A standard procedure for the identification of the N-terminal amino acid in N alpha-acylated proteins has been developed. After exhaustive proteolysis, the amino acids with blocked alpha-amino groups are separated from positively charged, free amino acids by ion exchange chromatography and subjected to digestion with acylase I. Amino acid analysis before and after the acylase treatment identifies the blocked N-terminal amino acid. A survey of acylamino acid substrates showed that acylase will liberate all the common amino acids except Asp, Cys or Pro from their N-acetyl-and N-butyryl derivatives, and will also catalyze the hydrolysis of N-formyl-Met and N-myristyl-Val. Thus, the procedure cannot identify acylated Asp, Cys or Pro, nor, because of the ion exchange step, N alpha-acyl-derivatives of Arg, Lys or His. Whenever the protease treatment releases free acylamino acids, the remaining amino acids should be detected. When applied to several proteins, the procedure confirmed known N terminal acylamino acids and identified acyl-Ser in enolases from chum and coho salmon muscle and in pyruvate kinase from rabbit muscle, and acyl-Thr in phosphofructokinase from rabbit muscle. The protease-acylase assay has been used to identify blocked peptides from CNBr- or protease-treated proteins. When such peptides were treated with 1 N HCl at 110 degrees for 10 min, sufficient yields of deacylated, mostly intact, peptide were obtained to permit direct automatic sequencing. The N-terminal sequences of rabbit muscle and coho salmon enolase were determined in this way and are compared to each other and to the sequence of yeast enolase. PMID- 3913472 TI - Human conglutinin-like protein. AB - The presence in human plasma of a molecule homologous to bovine conglutinin is indicated by the results of biological and immunochemical analysis. The human conglutinin-like protein shows calcium-dependent binding to complement-treated solid phase IgG and immunological cross-reaction with chicken anti-bovine conglutinin. The binding of the human protein to complement-treated IgG was inhibited by N-acetyl-D-glucosamine but not by other sugars. Analysis by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting showed reaction of anti-conglutinin with molecules of similar mobility to the monomer and hexamer of bovine conglutinin. PMID- 3913473 TI - Rod Porter: his gifts to a young scientist. PMID- 3913474 TI - Effects of noradrenaline on 45Ca2+ efflux from isolated rat islets of Langerhans. AB - Noradrenaline caused a prompt but transient increase in the rate of 45Ca2+ efflux from isolated rat islets of Langerhans perifused in Ca2+ depleted medium. The response was modest in size and was unaffected by isosmotic replacement of NaCl with choline chloride or by inclusion of 0.5 mM dibutyryl cAMP in the perifusion medium, suggesting that it was not mediated by Na+: Ca2+ exchange nor by lowered cAMP. Despite its effect on 45Ca2+ efflux, noradrenaline treatment did not alter the kinetics of 45Ca2+ efflux in response to the muscarinic agonist, carbamylcholine, nor did it change the magnitude of the response to this agent. Simultaneous introduction of 20 mM glucose with noradrenaline prevented a rise in 45Ca2+ efflux and indeed resulted in inhibition of 45Ca2+ efflux. The data suggest that noradrenaline does not directly activate the mechanisms which regulate Ca2+ extrusion from islets cells, and they do not support a primary role for the Ca2+ efflux response in mediating adrenergic inhibition of insulin secretion. PMID- 3913475 TI - [Electromyography in subjects with complete denture and approach to the functional evaluation of dental prosthesis]. PMID- 3913476 TI - [Electromyography in the study of temporomandibular joint dysfunction syndromes]. PMID- 3913477 TI - Preparation of a specific high-titer antibody against rat kidney renin. AB - Specific high-titer antibodies to rat kidney renin were raised using pure rat kidney renin conjugated with tetanus toxoid as antigen. The titers of two antisera for 50% inhibition of rat kidney renin activity were 80 000 and 700 000, respectively. The antibody inhibited the enzyme activities of hog kidney renin and mouse submaxillary gland renin at concentrations 1 000 times higher than required for rat kidney renin but did not inhibit human renal renin or rat kidney cathepsin D. The antibody can be used for characterizing the physiological and pathophysiological role of renin in blood pressure regulation, for the histochemical localization of renin in rat tissues and for distinguishing specific renin activity from the nonspecific renin-like activity of cathepsin D. PMID- 3913478 TI - Lack of agreement between the salivary flow and finger-sweat print methods for the determination of the anticholinergic effects of antidepressant drugs. AB - The purpose of the present study was to compare the extent of salivary flow and finger sweating after single acute oral doses of mianserin (30 mg), amitryptiline (75 mg), imipramine (75 mg) and maprotiline (75 mg) and placebo in healthy volunteers in a double-blind assay. Maprotiline and mianserin were less active in reducing salivary flow but were more active than amitryptiline and imipramine in reducing finger sweating. The lack of association between these methods for the measurement of the anticholinergic effect of antidepressant drugs is analyzed in terms of possible mechanisms for the control of palmar sweating. PMID- 3913479 TI - A protein diet initiates oogenesis in Rhodnius prolixus. AB - Oogenesis in R. prolixus females is induced by feeding blood, blood plasma, a suspension of washed erythrocytes, or 5% solutions of egg albumin, bovine serum albumin or hemoglobin. Unfed females and those fed saline, casein hydrolysate, dextran or sucrose do not initiate oogenesis. The juvenile hormone analogue epoxygeranylgeraniol methyl ester induced oogenesis in unfed females as well as in ethoxyprecocene II-treated insects. The results show that a protein meal was sufficient to initiate oogenesis. They also support the view that oogenesis depends on a relationship between protein ingestion and corpus allatum function and that oogenesis is not controlled by hormones released in response to abdominal stretching. PMID- 3913480 TI - Cellular cytotoxicity of Trypanosoma cruzi mediated by different classes of antibody and by lectins. AB - We have investigated the nature of the ligand involved in antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) of human leukocytes to epimastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi. Purified anti-T. cruzi IgG was highly efficient in mediating ADCC whereas IgM mediated the killing of this parasite poorly even at high concentrations. The presence of the Fc portion on the IgG molecule seems to be necessary since F(ab')2 derived from anti-T. cruzi IgG did not mediate ADCC. We also present evidence suggesting that the mediator, aside from promoting the interaction between the effector and target cells, may play a functional role in triggering target destructions by the effector cells. This conclusion is based on results of experiments in which lectins capable of binding to both leukocytes and parasite were used as mediators of cellular cytotoxicity. The lectin concanavalin A could readily replace IgG for human leukocyte killing of T. cruzi. In contrast, lectins from Lens culinaris, Triticum vulgaris, Aaptos papillata and Bandeirae simplicifolia although capable of interacting with leukocytes and T. cruzi, did not mediate the cellular cytotoxicity of the parasites. The specific cellular mechanism of parasite killing, i.e. phagocytosis and or extracellular lysis, remains to be determined. PMID- 3913481 TI - Antibody production in the brain tissue of mice immunized into the central nervous system. AB - Injection of T-dependent antigens into the subarachnoid space and brain parenchyma induced a marked antibody production in the spleen, as detected by plaque-forming cells (PFC). The presence of specific antibody-producing cells in the brain tissue was only observed in those animals which received antigenic challenge into the central nervous system. Local antibody production requires successive antigenic challenges with doses of sheep red blood cells larger than 2 X 10(4). Brain trauma did not influence the background numbers of spleen PFC nor did it induce the appearance of antibody-producing cells in the brains of mice challenged intra-peritoneally. The presence of specific antibody-producing cells in the brain tissue following antigenic challenge within the CNS suggests that a local immune response can be maintained in this organ. PMID- 3913483 TI - [Studies on the enzyme immunoassay of porcine pancreatic kallidinogenase preparations]. PMID- 3913482 TI - [Effects of anti-inflammatory drugs on phagocytosis and intracellular killing of Candida albicans by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes]. PMID- 3913484 TI - [Analysis of material for international standard insulin by high-performance liquid chromatography]. PMID- 3913485 TI - The importance of dosage in prescribing antidepressants. AB - The treatment of depressive disorders was significantly altered by the introduction of the tricyclic antidepressants and the monoamine oxidase inhibitors. One salient factor in determining efficacy is the dose prescribed. The few good dose response studies which are available indicate that patients should receive 300 mg of imipramine or equivalent, and a separate trial of 90 mg of phenelzine or equivalent, before concluding they are treatment refractory. Data are reviewed which suggest many patients receive inadequate doses. PMID- 3913486 TI - The effect of propranolol and thioridazine on positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. AB - Patients with chronic schizophrenia were treated with either propranolol (640 mg daily) or thioridazine (400 mg daily). In a double-blind study lasting five weeks, propranolol was superior to thioridazine on both psychiatrists' and nurses' ratings. Significant improvements were noted with propranolol in both positive (Type I) and negative (Type II) symptoms. PMID- 3913487 TI - Family and individual therapy: comparisons and contrasts. AB - Psychoanalytical and family therapies are contrasted: psychotherapeutic change involves a change of frame. The new frame in family therapy is the system; for analytical therapy it is the unconscious, but there are striking formal similarities between them. To achieve this change, there are two basic modes of therapy, reflective and directive, each containing elements of both. An essential ingredient in therapy is an uncoupling of action from effect, which occurs in play; psychotherapy can be seen as a special type of play. In family therapy, the therapist may useful playful paradox: 'therapeutic double binds'. Transference, the vehicle of psychoanalytical therapy, is a metaphorical relationship that is also essentially playful--serious but not real. Some guidelines for considering the relative indications and contraindications of family and individual psychotherapy are offered. PMID- 3913488 TI - DDAVP as a possible method to enhance positive benefit of behaviour therapy. PMID- 3913489 TI - The effect of Piracetam on ECT--induced memory disturbances. PMID- 3913490 TI - The Northwick Park ECT trial. PMID- 3913491 TI - Brain damage and neuroplasticity: mechanisms of recovery or development? AB - Brain damage may be followed by a number of dynamic events including reactive synaptogenesis, rerouting of axons to unusual locations and altered axon retraction processes. In the present theoretical review, the relationship between these morphological changes and behavioral recovery of function is examined from two perspectives. First, an examination of the research literature reveals that the association between these reorganizational events and recovery of function is inconsistent, and it is proposed that in most cases a causal relationship between neural reorganization and behavioral recovery remains speculative at best. It is further noted that aberrant neural circuitry has been associated with neurological dysfunction in many studies. Second, evolutionary considerations suggest that there is little reason to believe that neural reorganizational events emerged to 'heal' damaged brains. Both experimental and evolutionary orientations support the idea that neuronal circuitry changes in response to injury can be better understood as developmental growth processes that are triggered or potentiated in response to cell loss, rather than as recovery or healing processes. The contribution of 'growth' to behavioral recovery of function may be inconsistent because these growth processes are occurring against the backdrop of a damaged brain and may make connections different from those ordinarily seen. Further, they must be considered in conjunction with phenomena such as diaschisis and compensation which may also influence behavioral changes following neural injury. PMID- 3913492 TI - Assessment of the capacity of human subjects and S-I neurons to distinguish opposing directions of stimulus motion across the skin. AB - The ability of human subjects and the capacities of single S-I neurons of macaque monkeys to distinguish opposing directions of movement over the skin were investigated by employing experimental paradigms and data analyses based on sensory decision theory (SDT). It is shown that these techniques can be utilized to provide behavioral and neurophysiological indices of directional sensitivity which have the same metric, and are amenable to statistical tests for significance. The influences of 3 different paradigms and modes of relative operating characteristic (ROC) curve construction on SDT indices of human cutaneous directional sensitivity were investigated. Response latency (RL) was used as an objective indication of certainty in all 3 paradigms; in one of the 3 paradigms the subject also rated the certainty of each report. The SDT indices of cutaneous directional sensitivity and response bias were shown to be independent of the paradigm and mode of ROC curve construction investigated, and the SDT 'Gaussian-equal variance' hypothesis was concluded to be consistent with the data provided by all 3 paradigms. A considerable amount of inter-subject as well as intra-subject variability in human cutaneous directional sensitivity is demonstrated for all subjects tested. This variability appears to be an attribute of the processes underlying the sensing of stimulus direction since it is present even when stimulus conditions are maintained constant. Experimental designs were developed which account for this variability, thus allowing detection and quantitation of the influence of variations in stimulus conditions on human directional sensitivity. It is demonstrated that for S-I neurons, an ROC curve can be generated from the responses to multiple replications of opposing directions of movement across the receptive field. The large number of stimulus presentations required to estimate directional sensitivity from ROC curves involves a prolonged period of single neuron recording that is difficult to achieve even under ideal experimental conditions. It is shown that one can obtain a reliable estimate of single neuron directional sensitivity (i.e. delta'e) using relatively few stimulus replications when mean firing rate is assumed to represent that aspect of the neural response carrying information about stimulus direction. These indices allow assessment of the selectivity of single S-I neurons for direction as stimulus parameters are varied. Examples are provided which show (utilizing delta'e) that those stimulus conditions evoking maximal firing rates from S-I neurons are often not optimal for signalling direction of movement across the skin. PMID- 3913493 TI - Dysesthesias and self-mutilation in humans and subhumans: a review of clinical and experimental studies. AB - The chronic deafferentation syndrome includes a complex pattern of abnormal self directed behavior and a stress response. Subhuman self-mutilation is a secondary consequence of the chronic deafferentation syndrome. The evidence indicates that the chronic deafferentation syndrome in subhumans is a valid model for the induced and the spontaneous dysesthesias in humans. Objective criteria for the definition of subhuman dysesthesias have been derived from independent sources of evidence, in neurally intact subjects; those criteria are then found to match the subhuman syndrome of deafferentation. Support for the validity of the inference of subhuman dysesthesias derives from the parallels with the various facts of the human dysesthesias. The credibility of this argument is significantly strengthened by reports of morphological and excitatory physiological abnormalities, in central somatosensory structures, in response to deafferentation. There is no independent subhuman evidence in support of alternate interpretations of the deafferentation syndrome, and those interpretations seem to be inadequate in several aspects. Doubts concerning the validity of this animal model have been allayed by reports of dysesthesias in humans with spinal posterior rhizotomies or ganglionectomies, and also those with congenital analgesia. Moreover, the occurrence of this syndrome in hypoalgesic areas as a consequence of anterolateral cordotomy in monkeys, can best be interpreted as a reflection of dysesthesias. This syndrome is released by neuropathological or neurosurgical lesions in the peripheral or central nervous system; lesions which involve small caliber peripheral afferents or the spinothalamic tract. Variability in the release of this syndrome has been associated with several different factors. So far, the chronic syndrome is intractable. Evidence relates the abnormalities of this syndrome to pathophysiological foci in central relays of the somatosensory system, and suggests that the chronic abnormalities of this syndrome can be sustained at brain levels. PMID- 3913494 TI - Immune immobilization of Treponema pallidum: antibody and complement interactions revisited. AB - The Treponema pallidum immobilization test was designed for serodiagnosis of syphilis and is dependent upon specific antibody and a heat labile component of normal serum. Investigators have shown the component to be dependent upon divalent cations and it is presumed to be complement. Experiments were performed to reevaluate the interactions of antibody and complement and the mechanism of immobilization. The loss of treponemal motility was correlated to the loss of complement activity in the reaction mixture. When motility of treponemes incubated with immune serum IgG and complement had dropped to 50% (3.4 h), 72% of the available complement had been consumed. At the same time, treponemes incubated with normal serum IgG and complement were 82% motile and only 51% of the complement had been consumed. C6 deficient rabbit serum and C4 deficient guinea pig serum were used in conjunction with immune serum IgG to determine which components of the complement cascade were necessary for immobilization. Treponemes were not immobilized by either sera. Results suggest that the heat labile factor in normal sera is complement, that both early and late components of the complement cascade are necessary, and that the reaction proceeds via the classical complement pathway. Although T. pallidum is susceptible to the actions of antibody and complement, the organisms must interact with these components for at least 2 h before immobilization will result. PMID- 3913495 TI - Immobilization and neutralization of Treponema pallidum attached to cultured mammalian cells. AB - The in vitro effects of antibodies, complement, and (or) macrophages on Treponema pallidum have been previously characterized using relatively simple systems of organisms incubated with the immune components. In vivo, the more complex environment may alter immune reactivity. Experiments were performed to determine whether immobilizing and neutralizing antibodies retained their effectiveness in a more complex environment involving cultured mammalian cells. Two different protocols were used. In protocol A treponemes and normal or immune serum were mixed and added immediately to the cultured cells. In protocol B treponemes were preincubated for 18 h with cultured cells to maximize treponemal attachment; then normal or immune serum was added. With both protocols, attachment of organisms resulted in less efficient immobilization and neutralization. In further experiments, cultured cells were disrupted with Triton X, leaving cytoskeletal remnants on the vessel surface. Identical immobilization and neutralization experiments were performed in the presence of these remnants. In contrast to the findings with viable cultured cells, treponemal attachment to these nonviable remnants did not effect either antibody reaction. Attached organisms were immobilized or neutralized just as efficiently as unattached organisms. Results are discussed in terms of the altered immune reactivity in more complex in vitro environments. PMID- 3913496 TI - The aging heart. AB - Pathologic studies of the myocardium and valvular structures have failed to provide convincing evidence of gross or microscopic changes that can be ascribed to aging alone. Lipofuscin accumulation and basophilic degeneration in cardiac muscle cells appear to be the most consistent findings associated with aging, but they are found in other conditions. Without doubt, pathologic changes in the myocardium, valves, and coronary arteries are found more frequently in the hearts of elderly persons, but those changes are caused by disease processes associated with an aging population rather than the aging process itself. Both the sinus and atrioventricular nodes decrease in size with age owing to a loss of cellularity. These structures become infiltrated with collagen, elastic tissue, and reticular fibers. Some have found infiltration also with fat. Amyloid deposition, basophilic degeneration of cells, and lipofuscin accumulation occur but probably do not cause functional abnormalities. Similar but less dramatic changes occur in the bundle of His and individual bundle branches. Most of the data suggests that these aging changes are not due to vascular insufficiency. Age-related changes in intrinsic mechanical function have been identified as a prolongation of contraction duration, decreased inotropic responses to catecholamines and cardiac glycosides, and an increase in mechanical refractoriness. Other possible age related changes include alterations in relaxation, which may or may not be independent of the prolongation of contraction, and changes in the viscoelastic properties of cardiac muscle. When examined in the context of the components of a model of excitation-contraction coupling, changes in action potential duration and the function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum emerge as the most likely bases for the changes. The electrical characteristics of sinus, atrioventricular, and His-Purkinje cells as well as atrial and ventricular muscle cells change with age. The sinus rate decreases, as do the escape rates of other automatic cells. The sensitivity and electrical changes produced by cardiac drugs also is affected by aging. Transmembrane electrical aging changes have been attributed to changes in the slow inward current caused by calcium and alterations in potassium conductance as well as other ionic currents. An age-related change in the function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum may be contributory. There appear to be age-related changes in both the anatomy and physiology of major arteries.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3913498 TI - The cell biology of aging. AB - It is only within the past ten years that biogerontology has become attractive to a sufficient number of biologists so that the field can be regarded as a seriously studied discipline. Cytogerontology, or the study of aging at the cellular level, had its genesis about 20 years ago when the dogma that maintained that cultured normal cells could replicate forever was overturned. Normal human and animal cells have a finite capacity to replicate and function whether they are cultured in vitro or transplanted as grafts in vivo. This phenomenon has been interpreted to be aging at the cellular level. Only abnormal somatic cells are capable of immortality. In recent years it has been found that the number of population doublings of which cultured normal cells are capable is inversely proportional to donor age. There is also good evidence that the number of population doublings of cultured normal fibroblasts is directly proportional to the maximum lifespan of ten species that have been studied. Cultures prepared from patients with accelerated aging syndromes (progeria and Werner's syndrome) undergo far fewer doublings than do those of age-matched controls. The normal human fibroblast cell strain WI-38 was established in 1962 from fetal lung, and several hundred ampules of these cells were frozen in liquid nitrogen at that time. These ampules have been reconstituted periodically and shown to be capable of replication. This represents the longest period of time that a normal human cell has ever been frozen. Normal human fetal cell strains such as WI-38 have the capacity to double only about 50 times. If cultures are frozen at various population doublings, the number of doublings remaining after reconstitution is equal to 50 minus the number of doublings that occurred prior to freezing. The memory of the cells has been found to be accurate after 23 years of preservation in liquid nitrogen. Normal human cells incur many physiologic decrements that herald the approach of their failure to divide. Many of these functional decrements are identical to decrements found in humans as they age. Thus it is likely that these decrements are also the precursors of age changes in vivo. The finite replicative capacity of normal cells is never seen to occur in vivo because aging and death of the individual occurs well before the doubling limit is reached. PMID- 3913497 TI - The aging respiratory system. AB - In this review article, the effects of old age on lung structure and function are discussed. Changes in lung morphology and biochemistry are correlated with changes in lung mechanics and gas exchange, as well as with the respiratory system's adaptability to the stresses of exercise and sleep. The effects of aging on the lungs' defense mechanisms are related to pulmonary diseases of the elderly. PMID- 3913499 TI - The aging gastrointestinal tract, liver, and pancreas. AB - This article summarizes the age-related structural and functional alterations in the esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, liver, pancreas, and vermiform appendix. Also considered are the possible relationships of these changes with the disturbance of homeostatic mechanisms and proneness to certain diseases in the aged. PMID- 3913500 TI - The aging kidney. AB - The aging kidney suffers reduction both in mass and in glomerular filtration rate. These changes may be totally or partially due to atherosclerosis and hypertension, which reduce renal blood flow. Superimposed on these processes, and perhaps responsible for primary loss of renal mass irrespective of renal vascular disease, is glomerular damage and involution that is a consequence of adaptive increases in glomerular perfusion pressure that occurs as the number of nephrons decline with age. The data available at this time do not allow us to distinguish between these two potential mechanisms of renal senescence. The decline in GFR is in turn responsible for reduced renal acidification and the reduced renal clearance of drugs that are normally removed by the kidney. Certain renal functions, however, are depressed to a greater extent than is GFR. Both the ability to maximally dilute the urine and to maximally concentrate it are controlled by serum ADH concentrations and by the action of that hormone on the collecting duct. Aged rats do not maximally secrete ADH under conditions of dehydration and the effect of ADH on the kidney is also attenuated. Elderly humans also cannot maximally suppress ADH secretion when serum osmolality is reduced. Likewise, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis is poorly responsive to volume depletion in aging subjects. As a result, elderly individuals cannot maximally retain sodium under conditions of plasma volume contraction out of proportion to reduction in GFR. The kidney is the site of vitamin D1 hydroxylation. Hydroxylation of vitamin D is reduced out of proportion to any reduction in GFR in the rat. There are no data as yet available on the effect of aging and the production of erythropoietin, a principal regulator of red blood cell mass. Neither are there data available on changes that might occur with advancing age in the ability of the aging kidney to metabolize various hormones, such as parathyroid hormone, glucagon, and insulin. The mechanisms and the full biochemical and physiologic consequences of renal senescence remain to be fully elucidated. PMID- 3913501 TI - Age and the endocrine system. AB - The pattern of age-induced changes in each endocrine system is unique. Both hormone levels and target organ responsivity are altered in the aging endocrine cardiovascular system. Serum levels of vasopressor hormones both increase (norepinephrine) and decrease (renin, aldosterone). Target organ responses to beta-adrenergic stimulation in the heart and probably also in vascular smooth muscle decrease due to postreceptor changes. These effects contribute to the clinical problems of hypertension and orthostatic hypotension which characterize the elderly. Aging produces mild carbohydrate intolerance and a minimal increase in fasting serum glucose in healthy, nonobese individuals, primarily due to decreasing postreceptor responsiveness to insulin. Aging decreases the metabolism of thyroxine, including its conversion to triiodothyronine, but clinically significant alterations of thyroid hormone levels do not occur. Changes in the end-organ response to thyroid hormones, however, significantly alter the clinical presentation of thyroid diseases. Aging shifts the serum vasopressin-serum osmolality relationship toward higher serum vasopressin levels probably due to altered baroreceptor input, probably contributing to the tendency toward hyponatremia in the elderly. Aging slows the metabolism of cortisol, but glucocorticoid levels in the human are essentially unaltered by age. However, recent data indicate that delta-5 adrenal steroids decrease markedly in both men and women. Nodules in the anterior pituitary, the thyroid, and the adrenal increase in frequency with aging. Finally, the reproductive system is primarily altered by endocrine cell death, by unknown mechanisms, resulting in decreased estrogen and testosterone levels in women and men. This most obvious age-related endocrine change turns out to be incompletely understood and is not representative of most age-related endocrine changes. Despite characterization of these many age-related alterations in endocrine systems, therapeutic issues often remain unexplored, and more data are needed in many areas. PMID- 3913502 TI - Aging and atherosclerosis. Teasing out the contributions of time, secondary aging, and primary aging. AB - Aging and atherosclerosis are inextricably intertwined, time being required for the expression of both. A multi-dimensional strategy can be formulated whereby atherogenesis may be attenuated, allowing individuals to reach their maximum lifetime potential before atherosclerosis reaches the clinical horizon. Current theory would suggest that primary attention be directed toward conventional risk factor modifications via hygienic lifestyle measures: aerobic exercise, reduction of saturated fat and cholesterol intake, control of blood pressure, and elimination of cigarette smoking. PMID- 3913504 TI - Physiology of aging. AB - Physiologic aging involves changes that tend to be linear with time and are characteristically decremental in nature. A number of the functional changes can be delayed in onset or slowed in their progress by lifestyle. Aging challenges the reserves of function that allow for activity above the resting level and for regulation of the internal environment. PMID- 3913503 TI - The extension of maximum life span. AB - Maximum life span can be increased by dietary modulation in rodents to a degree well beyond what is seen in "normal" laboratory animals, and probably well beyond the "potential" that wildlife animals might achieve if predation could be eliminated. With a fairly high order of probability, the same might be obtained in humans. There is no reason to insist that maximum life span in humans is irretrievably fixed. PMID- 3913506 TI - Fall injuries in the elderly. AB - Injuries are the sixth leading cause of death in the 75-and-over population, with falls the leading cause of injury-related deaths. Hospitals and residential centers for the elderly have high rates of falls and injuries. With increasing age, patients in nursing homes have a corresponding increase in the proportion of fatal falls. The patterns of reduction of injury and mortality in the past two decades are likely to have been the result of our medical and trauma care system's impact on the outcome of less severe injuries. Major improvements in the future will come through prevention. PMID- 3913505 TI - The aging skeleton. AB - The importance of bone loss with aging increases year by year. When Bismarck set the age of retirement at 65, it did not cost Prussia much because few lived to receive pensions. At the turn of the century, only 4.1 per cent of our population was 65 or older. But the present change in demography, called "The Graying of America," means that we now have 13 per cent of the population 65 or older: 35 million people, 20 million women and 15 million men. For the women who are now passing through menopause or who have had oophorectomies, the predictable deformities caused by fractures of the vertebrae, wrists, and hips will make up the single largest cause of hospitalization unless prophylaxis against postmenopausal bone loss is instituted. The best established prophylaxis is now low-dose estrogen-gestagen replacement therapy. Very promising is the combination of very-low-dose estrogen and high-dose oral calcium supplements (Fig. 17). For women who cannot or will not take estrogens, certain progestational agents offer equal protection to bone, though, of course, these agents do not protect against atrophy of the other target organs, most notably the vaginal mucosa. PMID- 3913507 TI - Risk factors for injury after a fall. AB - A major portion of the morbidity, mortality, and social cost due to fall injuries is associated with age-related fractures, especially hip fractures. The risk of such injuries rises as the intensity of trauma increases and as bone resistance to fracture decreases. Both osteoporosis and trauma appear to be necessary but not sufficient causes of most age-related fractures. Future work may identify additional factors that help determine who, among the elderly who fall, is most likely to suffer a fracture. In the interim, however, prophylactic efforts must focus on avoiding falls and delaying the development of osteoporosis. PMID- 3913508 TI - Social and psychologic factors related to falls among the elderly. AB - Studies on falls are reviewed. Little information exists on which social or psychologic factors predispose an older person to fall or to sustain a fall related injury. Risk of falling appears to be greater among females, the cognitively impaired, and those who use hypnotics, tranquilizers, and diuretics. The potential significance of depression and senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type on the risk of falling is explored. It is suggested that because of the associated impaired judgment, distraction, and psychomotor retardation, the presence of either clinical condition may increase an individual's risk of falling. In the final section of the article, directions for future research are discussed. Development of a systematic research program is suggested including epidemiologic studies of all falls and of medically treated falls. Such studies should be multidisciplinary and include assessment of social and psychologic factors as well as physical and functional health status, ambulatory function, perceptual acuity, and the circumstances surrounding the fall. The psychologic consequences of falling, particularly in the absence of a serious fall-related injury, is identified as an important research area. PMID- 3913509 TI - Spatial orientation mechanisms and their implications for falls. AB - Postural stability is only one function on a multisensory system that also subserves spatial orientation and gaze stability. The problem of falling is discussed in the context of understanding the nature and integration of these sensory loops, and the possibility of their modification is discussed. The characteristics of the visual system contributing to spatial orientation are analyzed. The role of gaze stability in postural balance and its modification as a function of age are also discussed. It is suggested that our understanding of the problem of falling will be enhanced by a research strategy that views the problem as a special case of spatial orientation. PMID- 3913510 TI - Maintaining posture and avoiding tripping. Optical information for detecting and controlling orientation and locomotion. AB - In attempting to understand the role of visual perception in falls and their prevention, the relationship between the locomoting individual and the surrounding environment must be considered. Falls will occur when necessary properties of the environment and visual sources of information about them are inadequate, or when the individual is not adequately sensitive to or attentive to them. Body sway and tripping, two major problems contributing to falls, are examined. In regard to the prevention of falls, implications for the design of environments and training of the individuals who must move about in them are discussed. PMID- 3913511 TI - Visual depth illusion and falls in the elderly. AB - This article investigates the relation of vision and the effects of age on the maintenance of posture. This relationship in the elderly is explored within the context of visual depth illusions induced by repeating patterns that occur on escalator treads and elsewhere in the environment. Age does not appear to reduce the susceptibility of the elderly to visual depth illusions. However, if age is coupled with declines in motor control and strength, the elderly are probably more susceptible to falls. PMID- 3913512 TI - The role of drugs in falls in the elderly. AB - Drugs can contribute to falls in the elderly. Older people have more diseases, take more medications, and more frequently have drug side effects. Current studies show that the link between drugs and falls is best illustrated by the barbiturates, and well founded with phenothiazines and tricyclic antidepressants. The more types of drugs a patient receives, the greater the likelihood of a fall. Combining drugs with various diseases adds to the risk. New research should concentrate on naming individual drugs in larger surveys of falling. Much more sophisticated statistical procedures and testing would allow analysis of the specific dangers of drug and drug/disease combinations. PMID- 3913513 TI - Abnormalities in blood pressure homeostasis that contribute to falls in the elderly. AB - Aging is associated with abnormalities in blood pressure homeostasis and may precipitate falls through transient underperfusion of the brain. Age-related declines in baro-reflex sensitivity, cerebral blood flow, and renal sodium conservation threaten normal blood pressure regulation and cerebral perfusion. Common clinical conditions associated with abnormal blood pressure homeostasis and falls in the elderly include postural hypotension, postprandial hypotension, carotid sinus hypersensitivity, and cardiac arrhythmias, all of which are exacerbated by hypertension. Further research is needed to understand the physiologic basis of abnormal blood pressure homeostasis, to explore the potential relationship between hypertension and falling, and to design new therapeutic approaches to this important cause of falls in the elderly. PMID- 3913514 TI - Gait and balance in the elderly. Two functional capacities that link sensory and motor ability to falls. AB - Neuromuscular function, which underlies efficient gait and balance, deteriorates with age and disease. A review of the literature and of data from the current study suggests the presence of poor gait and balance in elderly individuals who have a history of multiple falls. The tests of gait and balance are simple to perform and therefore may be widely applicable in evaluating individuals at risk of falls. Quantitative studies of motor and sensory function, vibratory sensation, and electrophysiologic studies of nerve integrity are discussed. Deteriorating motor and sensory control mechanisms appear to play an important role in falling. PMID- 3913515 TI - Senile gait. A distinct neurologic entity. AB - Neurologic disease may result in a variety of different gait abnormalities. Senile gait is a distinct neurologic disorder and signs of dysfunction of major neuroanatomic systems are absent. The clinical picture is variable. Senile gait is not directly associated with dementing illness and its anatomic basis is unknown. It does not appear related to hydrocephalus. It is a specific clinical entity related to the degeneration of the nervous system. Further studies are needed to better understand this condition and to develop therapeutic approaches. PMID- 3913516 TI - Sensorimotor deficits related to postural stability. Implications for falling in the elderly. AB - The effects of age-related sensorimotor and central processing deficits on postural control are reviewed, and the paucity of knowledge about proprioceptive changes with age is noted. A model of processing stages in the production of responses to postural instability is outlined. Even slight response slowing produces disproportionate increases in clinically slow responses. Many aspects of postural responses are "cognitively penetrable". Research on falls should examine learned as well as automated behaviors. PMID- 3913517 TI - Folate status in the aged. AB - Folate deficiency has become a popular topic in geriatric literature recently. There are two main reasons for this interest: folate deficiency is prevalent among the elderly population, and many chronically ill elderly patients suffer from hematologic or neuropsychiatric disorders of which folate deficiency may be one of the causal factors. This article discusses serum, erythrocyte, and liver folate levels, the neurologic and psychiatric symptoms associated with folate deficiency, folate nutrition and absorption in the elderly, and the interrelationships of folate with vitamins, iron, and zinc. PMID- 3913518 TI - Clinical disorders of iron metabolism in the elderly. AB - When iron deficiency occurs in the elderly, it is usually due to bleeding and not to nutritional lack or malabsorption. Iron deficiency early in life may lead to irreversible changes (for example, gastric achlorhydria) that are troublesome in later life. The nonhematologic effects of iron deficiency still need to be studied in the elderly. In particular, the role of iron in brain metabolism would seem important in geriatrics. Although it is important to prevent iron deficiency, indiscriminate use of iron could conceivably lead to iron overload. As with many beneficial compounds, patients must be cautioned against the prolonged ingestion of large amounts of iron salts. PMID- 3913519 TI - Immune hemolytic anemia in the aged. AB - Anemia is a common finding among the elderly. The clinical evaluation and management of anemia in the older patient is substantially similar to management in the general population. There are, nevertheless, notable differences in the prevalence of certain disorders, in the ability of the patient to tolerate the consequences of anemia, and in the safety of particular therapeutic measures. This article describes the different types of immunologically mediated hemolytic anemia and their underlying mechanisms and reviews the clinical features of each type and the current approach to their management. PMID- 3913520 TI - Acute leukemias, myelodysplasia, and lymphomas. AB - This article reviews the clinical manifestations, diagnostic criteria, and treatment strategies for the acute leukemias, the myelodysplastic syndrome, Hodgkin's disease, and the non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in the elderly. These are relatively common diseases in the elderly, and age is traditionally thought to be a bad prognostic sign. The treatment of these diseases is more difficult in the elderly, but careful attention to concomitant underlying illness and general physical condition and the natural history of the diseases can result in very successful management of otherwise lethal disorders. PMID- 3913521 TI - Multiple myeloma in the elderly. AB - The incidence of multiple myeloma, a monoclonal gammopathy, increases dramatically with age. The disorder involves a malignant proliferation of plasma cells, which results in abnormal production of immunoglobulin, bone-marrow infiltration, destruction of bone, renal failure, and infection. A number of treatment regimens can achieve remissions in approximately 50 per cent of patients. The elderly appear to be able to tolerate such therapy well and with results equivalent to those in younger individuals. PMID- 3913522 TI - Aging immunocytes and immunity. Characteristics and significance. AB - With aging, many aspects of immune function change. Despite the greater complexity of problems and increased numbers of variables that attend research involving aged individuals, certain fundamental alterations in immune reactivity appear associated with aging. These alterations have important biologic implications. The immune changes in "healthy" octogenarians can have significant clinical effects when these individuals suffer stress or disease. PMID- 3913523 TI - [A multicenter study in exertion angina with diltiazem versus propranolol]. PMID- 3913524 TI - Liposomes as carriers of imaging agents. AB - This review discusses the utilization of liposomes as imaging agents or as vehicles for contrast materials. The initial approach was the use of radiolabeled liposomes for scintigraphy. To this end liposomes were either labeled in the lipid membrane or aqueous radiotracers were incorporated inside the lipid vesicles. The lipid labeling provides a more stable association of the radioactive tracer and the lipid vesicles, while the use of water-soluble radiotracers provides a wider selection of compounds. Early attempts at selective tumor imaging using radiolabeled liposomes were unsuccessful. The use of monoclonal antibodies attached to liposomes offers new hopes. Several strategies have been proposed in this respect and several others can be envisioned. The use of liposomes permits the use of several administration routes for imaging agents. Of particular interest is the subcutaneous administration for lymph node visualization. Liposomes offer clear advantages over most radiocontrast agents for prolonged hepatosplenic contrast enhancement. This is particularly relevant in the diagnostic evaluation of the abdomen with computed tomography. Important research efforts are being conducted in this area. Two different approaches have been advanced: the incorporation of contrast agents into liposomes and the preparation of radiopaque liposomes from radiodense lipids. Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging can also benefit from contrast agents. Several centers are investigating this exciting field using liposomes loaded with paramagnetic elements. PMID- 3913525 TI - Erythrocyte carriers. AB - The properties of erythrocytes used as carriers for drugs, enzymes, and DNA will be reviewed. One potential application is delivery of these substances to cells responsible for or capable of erythrophagocytosis and are located primarily in the liver and the spleen. A second potential application depends on the ability of loaded cells to survive for substantial periods of time in the circulation after reinfusion. Circulating cells used as drug carriers may be able to modify the pharmacokinetics of administered drugs and if used as enzyme carriers, they may be able to alter the level of various substances in the plasma. Erythrocytes in vitro may fuse with recipient cells, introducing their contents in a functional form into recipient cells. Nucleic acids, either RNA or DNA, as well as enzymes or other entrapped substances, may be transferred in this manner. PMID- 3913526 TI - Current status of release of fluoride ions and other bioactive agents from dental materials: prospects for controlled release. AB - Many kinds of intraoral systems of bioactive agents have been developed. The cariostatic effect of fluoride ions on enamel caries has been demonstrated through numerous clinical studies. In order to maximize the exposure time of fluoride on enamel for improved prevention of dental caries, fluoride compounds were incorporated into various dental materials and other fluoride-releasing devices were made. The application of fluoride-releasing system is accepted as one of effective caries-preventing procedures. The release of other bioactive agents such as antimicrobial agents (antibiotics, chrorhexidines, eugenols, o ethoxybenzoic acids and nystatins, etc.) and antiinflammatory agents (benzydamine HCl and steroids) from dental materials and devices have also been investigated. In this article, current status of these systems is reviewed and the therapeutic applicabilities are evaluated. PMID- 3913527 TI - Biological effects of soluble synthetic polymers as drug carriers. AB - Soluble synthetic polymers have already, with limited success, found some use medically as plasma expanders and as polymeric drugs. Currently, many other potential biomedical applications are under evaluation, including the use of soluble polymers as targetable drug carriers, as carriers of immunogenic compounds, and as bioadhesives. In order to exploit their undoubted clinical potential to the fullest, it is obviously essential to understand the inter relationship between synthetic polymers and their biological environment. The biological effects of soluble synthetic polymers to be covered include their immunogenicity, the therapeutic potential of polymeric drugs, and polymer-drug conjugates and their biocompatibility. These active responses are discussed in relation to the differential fates of different soluble polymers in the body. PMID- 3913528 TI - Liposomes for oral administration of drugs. AB - In the late 1970s liposome-entrapped insulin was administered by the oral route to both normal and diabetic animals. Results showed that small but significant amounts of insulin could reach the circulation. However, different liposome compositions gave varied results and no mechanism of absorption was elucidated. Subsequent in vitro studies suggested that many liposome compositions used were unstable in the conditions prevailing in the gastrointestinal tract. Using more stable liposomes in an everted gut system, it has been demonstrated that liposomes were pinocytosed by intestinal epithelial cells and transferred to the serosal side of the gut. Recent studies both in vitro and in vivo show that there may be the possibility of enhancing the uptake process to deliver a range of drugs by the oral route. PMID- 3913529 TI - Albumin microspheres as drug carriers. AB - In order to improve the therapeutic index in cancer chemotherapy, it is necessary to deliver antitumor agents to target sites (tumor sites). One of the methods used to deliver those agents to target sites is to employ nontoxic and biodegradable drug carriers. Considerable efforts have been directed toward the development of drug carriers, i.e., DNA complexes, protein-drug conjugates, lactic/glycolic acid polymer, liposomes, emulsion, etc. Albumin microsphere is one of those drug carriers. This review describes the progress which has been made during the last 10 to 15 years in the application of albumin microspheres as drug carriers to cancer chemotherapy. It will cover a wide range of subjects including the preparation and physicochemical properties of microspheres containing antitumor agents, pharmacokinetics of the microspheres in experimental animals, and the antitumor efficacy by intra-arterial use against human primary metastatic liver tumor. PMID- 3913530 TI - Liposomes as targetable drug carriers. AB - The general problem of targeted drug transport is critically reviewed and three principle components of targeted systems are discussed: the target, the vector molecule, and the carrier. Different systems of drug targeting are briefly described: local drug application, chemical modification of the drug molecule, physical targeting under the action of pH, temperature, or magnetic field. The idea of a vector molecule is discussed and different methods of vector molecule coupling with the drug are reviewed (direct coupling, coupling via spacer group or polymer molecule, etc.). It is shown that the most promising approach seems to be the use of a drug-containing microcontainer with the vector molecule immobilized on its outer surface. Different types of microcontainers are briefly described: microcapsules, cell hosts, and liposomes. The advantages of liposomes as drug containers are shown and the main problems of their use for drug targeting in vitro and in vivo conditions are discussed. One of the most important problems is the problem of vector molecule immobilization on liposome surfaces. The principle four different immobilization methods: adsorbtion, incorporation, covalent binding, and hydrophobic binding. Targeted liposome transport is described in model systems, cell cultures, and experimental animals. It is shown that targeted liposomes may release a drug via diffusion, lysis, or endocytosis by appropriate cells. The problems of targeted liposome technology and clinical application are analyzed. PMID- 3913531 TI - Molecular and anatomical correlates of spinal cord injury. PMID- 3913532 TI - Incidence of beta-lactamase producing E. coli in urinary tract infections. AB - This work was intended to study the incidence of beta-lactamase producing Escherichia coli isolated from urinary tract infections. Urine samples from 123 patients suffering from manifestations of urinary tract infection were examined bacteriologically according to Cruickshank et al. The isolated E. coli strains were tested for beta-lactamase production by: rapid microtube iodometric test, rapid slide iodometric test and rapid acidimetric test. The incidence of E. coli strains was 65.94% with a high incidence of beta-lactamase production (69.14%). PMID- 3913533 TI - [Nodules of renal regeneration in children. Presentation of 2 cases and review of the literature]. AB - Although rarely encountered in childhood, renal regenerated nodules present definite characteristics, individualizing this pseudorenal tumor. They appear on kidneys previously affected by infectious or degenerative process. On IVP they do not enlarge the kidney's size, but roll-up the calyces, without amputation. They are homogeneous on ultrasonic investigation, isofixing on radio-isotopic scan., normally vascularized on computerized angiography, if a doubt upon nephroblastoma imposes this investigation. The percutaneous puncture biopsy, aided by sonography, shows normal glomeruli and tubules two or three times wider than usual, without scars of the original disease. Some authors consider them as a peculiar pattern of hypertrophic compensation, starting from remaining healty renal parenchyma. Reasons of their i frequency, and functional value are still unknown. PMID- 3913534 TI - [Testicular exploration by Doppler ultrasonography in children. Importance, indications, limitations. Apropos of 90 cases]. AB - The authors evaluate the testicular blood flow by Doppler stethoscope in 90 infants and children; they tell two indications: In emergency the most common is "acute scrotal swelling": 78 cases, 4 false negative are reported in diagnosis of torsion of the spermatic cord; the limit of the Doppler examination are the possibility of a interepididymo-testicular torsion and, above all, the inflammation of the scrotal wall. If Doppler examination are in agreement, unnecessary surgical explorations must be avoided. Outside emergency, Doppler examination may be help-full to evaluate varicocele and to control some surgical operation involving spermatic cord (12 cases). PMID- 3913536 TI - The South African Nursing Council. Aspects of its development 1944-1984. PMID- 3913535 TI - [Polyp of the posterior urethra. Apropos of 6 cases]. AB - Polyp of posterior urethra is a rare cause of urinary obstruction. Attached by a pedicle to the superior part of the veru montanum, such a polyp is mobile and can move in the bulbar urethra, causing urinary retention. If can also bleed provoking either hematuria or urethrorrhagia. Urinary infection can be present. Vesico-urethral ultrasound examination can show the polyp. But the diagnosis is made on a voiding cystourethrogram either at the end of an intravenous pyelogram or after suprapubic puncture of the bladder. Cystourethroscopy can also diagnose the lesion, and can treat it by electrocoagulation of the pedicle. Surgery by suprapubic incision and cystostomy is another method of treatment. It is perhaps less dangerous that the endoscopic treatment because the pedicle is very close to the ejaculatory ducts. Pathology of polyp of posterior urethra is variable but benign. The most frequent lesion is a fibrous polyp specially in children. Recurrency of such a lesion is very exceptional. PMID- 3913537 TI - [Correlation between echography B and pathological anatomy: apropos of 13 eyeballs enucleated for tumor]. PMID- 3913538 TI - Retrieval of microbiological specimens through the fiberoptic bronchoscope. PMID- 3913539 TI - Computed tomography of the thorax. PMID- 3913540 TI - Noninvasive diagnosis of clinically suspected deep venous thrombosis. PMID- 3913541 TI - Digital subtraction angiography in the diagnosis of arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia. PMID- 3913542 TI - Evaluation of cardiac tumors with digital subtraction angiography. PMID- 3913543 TI - Glucagon-stimulated plasma C-peptide and insulin levels in active and non-active acromegalics. AB - The glucagon-stimulated insulin and C-peptide release in patients with active acromegaly, cured acromegalic patients and healthy controls were studied. There was an elevation of the fasting insulin levels in active acromegalics and the fasting C-peptide levels in both patient groups. After i.v. injection of glucagon the insulin and C-peptide levels increased. The highest levels were recorded in active acromegalics, but cured patients also had higher levels than the control group. The insulin/C-peptide ratio was increased in active acromegalics in comparison with that found for inactive acromegalics and normal controls. In addition, the plasma half-lives (T1/2) of endogenous insulin and C-peptide were measured. It was found that the T1/2 for insulin was increased in active acromegalics only. From this study we conclude that even when the treatment of acromegaly is effective insulin and C-peptide secretion do not normalize due, probably, to increased synthesis and release upon stimulation of the pancreatic beta-cells. In active acromegaly the removal of insulin is probably also reduced. PMID- 3913545 TI - Thyroglossal tract anomalies. AB - Thyroglossal tract anomalies present most frequently before the second decade of life. Investigations should include ultrasound and thyroid isotope scan to demonstrate the presence of other functioning thyroid tissue prior to excision. Cysts demonstrating echogenic material centrally should be considered to be inflamed and surgical exploration carried out under antibiotic cover to minimize postoperative infection. Total excision of the thyroglossal tract anomaly must include the body of the hyoid bone to prevent recurrence and reduce the risk of further symptoms. PMID- 3913544 TI - Autologous ossicle and cortical bone in ossicular reconstruction. AB - The results of tympanoplasty using autologous ossicle or cortical bone were studied in 315 chronic ears. The surgery was for cholesteatoma in 196 (62%) of these ears and the mean follow-up time was 5.4 years. Best results were attained in ears in which the stapes was present. Autologous ossicle or cortical bone is recommended for ossicular reconstruction rather than artificial prostheses because the former do not cause foreign body reactions. PMID- 3913546 TI - The biology of the pigmentary system and its disorders. AB - Melanin is the major determinant of skin color in humans. Abnormalities and diseases affecting pigmentation interrupt the production of distribution of melanin. The authors discuss the many diseases of hyper- and hypopigmentation. PMID- 3913547 TI - Chemotherapy of melanoma. AB - The search for more effective drugs and treatment modalities is being effectively tested by the cooperative oncology groups. The mechanism employed is that of prospective controlled randomized clinical trials. This approach has proved to be a rapid and efficient means of comparing treatments in comparable patients. These clinical trials are the testing grounds for the new discoveries that are expected to improve the treatment of melanoma and other cancers. PMID- 3913548 TI - [Experimental studies into the volume of human cancellous bone deposits. Contribution to the possible uses of autologous compressed cancellous bone]. PMID- 3913549 TI - [The significance of B-scan sonography in head and neck surgery]. PMID- 3913550 TI - [Aspects of biostatistics in adjuvant chemotherapy studies]. PMID- 3913551 TI - [Use of the free bone graft in various surgical procedures for the mandible]. PMID- 3913552 TI - [Clinically controlled prospective treatment studies on carcinoma of the oral mucosa]. PMID- 3913553 TI - [The question of nerve regeneration in pedicled skin grafts]. PMID- 3913554 TI - One- and two-stage procedures for reimplantation of autogenous freeze and warm treated jaw bones. PMID- 3913555 TI - A report on the efficacy of fluoridated varnishes in dental caries prevention. PMID- 3913556 TI - Correlation between ketoprofen plasma levels and analgesic effect in acute lumbar pain and radicular pain. AB - Fourteen patients with acute lumbar pain and cervico-brachial radicular pain were treated with a single oral dose of 100 mg ketoprofen. The analgesic effect of the substance was investigated, using an analog pain scale, in correlation with drug plasma levels. Blood samples were taken at zero, one-half, one, two, three, four, five, six, eight, and ten hours after oral administration of ketoprofen. On an average, pain was at its lowest two hours after the plasma level of ketoprofen was at its highest. Within the ten hour observation period, the maximum reduction in pain increased as the maximum plasma level rose. Five patients with a maximum plasma level greater than 9 microliter/ml experienced pain reduction of at least 50%. PMID- 3913557 TI - Relapsing polychondritis with severe aortic insufficiency. AB - Relapsing polychondritis (RP) is a rare disease characterized by auricular, nasal and respiratory tract chondritis, ocular inflammation, inflammatory polyarthritis and cardiovascular abnormalities. Here we describe a patient with a five-year history of mild nasal and auricular chondritis, which suddenly developed into a severe aortic insufficiency with rest dyspnea. The pathogenesis and the management of this rare connective tissue disease are discussed. PMID- 3913558 TI - Double-blind study of S-adenosyl-methionine versus placebo in hip and knee arthrosis. PMID- 3913559 TI - Standardization and characterization of the procedure for in vitro treatment of human bone marrow with cyclophosphamide derivatives. AB - Thirty human bone marrow (BM) suspensions from patients with acute leukaemia patients in remission were processed with the Haemonetics 30 flow cell separator in order to separate buffy-coats and to treat them in vitro with a derivative of cyclophosphamide (ASTA Z 7557). After processing, the volumes of BM suspensions were reduced to 25%. Recoveries of leucocytes, CFUc and BFUe were respectively 62, 85 and 84%. In vitro treatment with doses of ASTA Z ranging from 50 to 140 micrograms/2 X 10(7) leucocytes (according to the CFUc sensitivity of each patient) destroyed 95 +/- 5% of initial CFUc. After freezing and thawing, recovery of CFUc from treated BM was poor (24%) in comparison to that obtained with untreated BM (79%). PMID- 3913561 TI - [Doppler velocimetric documentation of the effectiveness of prednisone in the treatment of a typical complication of leukosis]. PMID- 3913560 TI - [The principal rheumatologic paraneoplastic syndromes in cancer of the lung. Physiopathologico-clinical correlations and therapeutic approach]. PMID- 3913562 TI - [Telethermography in the study of obliterative arteriopathies of the legs]. PMID- 3913563 TI - [Effectiveness of flunarizine in chronic headache. Double-blind study of placebo and amitriptyline]. PMID- 3913564 TI - [Fat embolism syndrome. Considerations on 233 cases]. PMID- 3913565 TI - The Xenopus homeo boxes. PMID- 3913566 TI - Constitutive and coordinately regulated transcription of yeast genes: promoter elements, positive and negative regulatory sites, and DNA binding proteins. PMID- 3913567 TI - Genetic and molecular analysis of division control in yeast. PMID- 3913568 TI - Detection of the genetic polymorphism of human C2 (native protein and C2a fragment) by immunoblotting after polyacrylamide gel isoelectric focusing. AB - The polymorphism of the second component of human complement (C2) was studied by means of isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gels followed by immunoblotting with a specific antihuman C2 antibody. The polymorphism was studied in native C2 and in the C2a fragment obtained by activation of the classical pathway with heat aggregated human IgG. Serum samples previously typed with the hemolytic overlay technique were analyzed. They comprised samples of homozygous C2*C, C2*B, C2*Q0, heterozygous C2*BC and C2*CQ0 individuals. The patterns obtained by immunoblotting corresponded to those obtained by the hemolytic overlay technique. As expected, the homozygous C2*Q0 sample (complement C2 deficiency) did not show any band pattern. The C2a fragment presented also a polymorphic variation which correlated exactly with the native C2 polymorphism. It appears thus that the polymorphic site of the C2 protein is carried by the C2a fragment for the C2*C and C2*B variants. In addition, this method is easier to perform than the common hemolytic overlay technique and the rare C2-deficient serum is not needed. PMID- 3913570 TI - Pathophysiology of renal prostaglandins. PMID- 3913569 TI - Non-obstructive nephrolithiasis: metabolic and immunopathological studies. PMID- 3913571 TI - Malignant hypertension in end-stage renal failure: hemodynamic and hormone status. PMID- 3913573 TI - The contribution of the primary care doctor to the medical care of the elderly in the community. A selective annotated bibliography. PMID- 3913572 TI - Hormonal abnormalities in renal transplantation. PMID- 3913574 TI - [Experimental studies on the usefulness of carbon fibers in the reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee]. PMID- 3913575 TI - [Reconstruction of defects in the anterior crural surface with a flap from the medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle]. PMID- 3913576 TI - [20-year experience with rheumo-orthopedics at the Institute of Rheumatology]. PMID- 3913577 TI - [Indirect fluorescence antibody test in the diagnosis of idiopathic Addison's disease]. PMID- 3913578 TI - [Ultrasonography in the diagnosis of pancreatic diseases]. PMID- 3913579 TI - [Thalamus abscess: a report of 2 cases]. PMID- 3913580 TI - [Experimental study of pancreas transplantation in rats]. PMID- 3913582 TI - Faecal contamination of urban community water supplies and its public health implications. PMID- 3913581 TI - Subunit interactions of the nerve and epidermal growth factor complexes: protection of the biological subunit from proteolytic modification. AB - The nerve growth factor dimer (beta NGF) can undergo two proteolytic modifications, one near the amino terminus where a unique histidine/methionine bond is cleaved and the other at the carboxy terminus releasing the terminal arginine residue. The modification near the amino terminus, releasing the first eight amino acids as an octapeptide, occurs as the result of the action of a specific endopeptidase present in the submaxillary gland. This same enzyme was found to be present in high concentration in epinephrine-stimulated saliva (20 mM) and was isolated from this source. The subunit interactions in 7S NGF were considered by assessing the protection afforded by each subunit, individually and in combination, against these two proteolytic modifications. Similar experiments were attempted with high molecular weight epidermal growth factor (HMW-EGF), an analogous growth factor complex that can experience a single modification, the release of arginine by carboxypeptidase B from the carboxy terminus of its biological subunit, low molecular weight EGF (LMW-EGF). The amino terminal octapeptide of beta NGF is protected by both the alpha and gamma subunits of 7S NGF and its loss has no effect on 7S NGF complex stabilization by zinc. The carboxy terminal arginine is protected only by the gamma subunit. A scheme depicting the subunit interactions in 7S NGF is presented. PMID- 3913583 TI - [Historical development, current status and future perspectives of medical education in Chile]. AB - This paper is a critical review in three parts. The first part reviews the past development of medical education in Chile in five stages (1833-1883, 1883-1933, 1933-1968, 1968-1973, and from 1973 to the present), in which the salient features and events are cited. The second part describes the present status of the five medical education programs; undergraduate medical training, graduate medical training, research, advanced training of teaching personnel, and planning and administration. The third part considers the prospects of medical education in each of those five programs. In this part the author presents his conclusions, for example, that it is necessary to review the number of vacancies for admission to the schools of medicine and to measure the academic and vocational aptitude of applicants; that the basic objectives of graduate training should be studied and formulated; that new course subjects should be added in response to the demands that will confront graduates in the future; that the objectives in areas of specialization should be revised; that it is urgent to assess the relationship of research to medical instruction; that pedagogical aspects should be incorporated into the advanced technical training of professionals, and, lastly, that the process of university planning in Chile needs to be refined. PMID- 3913584 TI - [Basic learning strategies and programming languages]. AB - The article is based on three facts. One is that at the present day the computer is tending to be used in all fields, including that of education. The second is that, when a new teaching device appears, the first tendency is to add it to the stock of existing devices, which fails to extract the full benefit from the new device. The third is that for the educator, the computer is an alien and in many cases an unintelligible instrument, the mastery of which requires time which he does not have at his disposal. The author proposes a number of teaching strategies for initiation of the educator who wishes to use the computer in support of some teaching-learning process, and as a bridge between the educator and the computer programmer. To this end he proposes routine, formative evaluation, simulation and game strategies. The routine strategies, as their name indicates, use the repetition of a central learning practice. The formative evaluation is based on the principle of providing the subject with immediate information on his performance of a task in order to improve his efficiency. Simulation promotes learning by changing the values of one or more variables in a situation and verifying the effects. The game, apart from its intrinsic purpose, results in learning through the immediate manipulation of objects and the immediate circumstances in which it takes place. PMID- 3913585 TI - [Bonding strength of adhesive to metal after blasting with corundum of varying particle size]. PMID- 3913586 TI - [Adhesiveness of fused-to-metal porcelains]. PMID- 3913587 TI - [Problems with subgingival scaling instruments and root planning]. PMID- 3913588 TI - [Ultrasonic instruments for plaque removal]. PMID- 3913589 TI - [Comparative studies on the sharpness and edge life of hand instruments used for tooth cleaning and root planing]. PMID- 3913590 TI - [Experimental studies on the effect of supra- and sub-gingival scaling with hand or ultrasonic instruments on the reduction of inflammation of the marginal gingiva in various oral hygiene methods]. PMID- 3913591 TI - [Correlation between the incidence of Bacteroides and concentration of elastase in the pocket exudate from diseased periodontium]. PMID- 3913592 TI - [Clinical testing of an experimental cast clasp]. PMID- 3913593 TI - [Dentin adhesive-composites and glass ionomer cements for restoration of cervical lesions. Experimental bond strength studies along with short-term clinical studies]. PMID- 3913594 TI - [Bonding effect of primers]. PMID- 3913595 TI - [Surface adhesion of root canal fillings with heated gutta-percha]. PMID- 3913596 TI - [Fixation of root pins in apicoectomy: phosphate cement or Diaket?]. PMID- 3913597 TI - [Cholinergic hypothesis of depression]. AB - Is acetylcholine implicated in depressive disorders? Biochemical methods studying the cholinergic system are not well set up. Only indirect elements could confirm the cholinergic hypothesis of affective disorders. Cholinergic agonists induce depressive symptomatology. Moreover, a central, cholinergic dysfunction could be an explanation of sleep disturbances and of neuroendocrine abnormalities seen in affective disorders. These observations could be applied in two ways: a more precise choice of antidepressive drugs, and the use of new tests developed to detect population with high depression risk. PMID- 3913598 TI - The relation between growth hormone, cortisol and insulin and plasma levels of free fatty acids and glucose in healthy mothers at delivery and their newborn children. PMID- 3913599 TI - Number of receptor sites and the correction for non-specific binding--facts and figures. PMID- 3913600 TI - [Hormonal regulation of carbohydrate metabolism in chronic alcoholism]. PMID- 3913601 TI - [Effect of smoking on the secretion of immunoreactive insulin (IRI) induced by the administration of L-arginine or glucagon]. PMID- 3913603 TI - Biobehavioral sequellae associated with adrenergic-inhibiting antihypertensive agents: a critical review. AB - Adrenergic-inhibiting antihypertensive drugs, most notably the beta-blockers and alpha-agonists, have been shown to influence a variety of central nervous system (CNS) functions. In some instances the use of these drugs has also been reported to lead to serious psychiatric complications. Despite the clinical significance of these effects and the potential threat to treatment adherence the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. This article critically evaluates the existing research in six major areas: (a) depression, (b) lethargy/fatigue, (c) cognitive and perceptual-motor performance, (d) quantitative electroencephalogram (EEG) changes, (e) sleep, and (f) sexual function. In general, the evidence suggests that a pseudo-depressive state may be a relatively common side effect of treatment, and that associated changes in cognitive, affective, sleep, and sexual function may be frequently encountered. PMID- 3913604 TI - Bed rest and increased diuretic treatment in chronic congestive heart failure. AB - To elucidate the effect of bed rest used as an adjunct to increased diuretic treatment, twelve patients with chronic congestive heart failure (CHF) had a 50% increase in loop diuretic dosage and were allocated to either continuous bed rest or bed rest during nights only. The 24-hour bed rest group reduced their weight significantly (mean +/- SEM: 2.00 +/- 0.79 kg, P less than 0.001), whereas the night bed rest group had no significant weight reduction (1.10 +/- 0.37 kg, 0.1 less than P less than 0.2) during three days of observation. Furthermore, the 24 hour bed rest group had a significantly increased diuresis (P less than 0.05) during the first day of the study and a tendency towards increased natriuresis. The cumulated diuresis for the two groups (24-hour bed rest versus night bed rest) during the three days of study were 7773 +/- 700 ml and 5861 +/- 909 ml (0.05 less than P less than 0.1), respectively. Plasma concentrations of adrenaline, noradrenaline, renin and aldosterone were increased, as measured in the supine position. No significant differences were found between the two groups. Plasma concentrations of antidiuretic hormone were within normal limits. In conclusion, continuous bed rest is a reasonable adjunct to diuretic treatment in patients with CHF. PMID- 3913605 TI - Leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) in rats bearing transplantable syngeneic tumors of different immunogenicity. AB - The tube leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) assay was used to follow the LAI response in inbred BN rats with subcutaneously (s.c.) transplanted syngeneic liposarcoma (LS175) tumor and in inbred WAG rats with s.c. transplanted syngeneic colon (CC531) and skin (1618) tumors. Initially, the tube LAI assay was used to follow the LAI reactivity of peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) from BN rats bearing tumor LS175. Sporadic LAI reactivity was observed in the PBL of these rats when incubated with a specific crude tumor extract for either 2 or 20 hr. No definite conclusion regarding the lack of significant tumor-specific LAI reactivity could be drawn since LS175 is a non-immunogenic tumor. Therefore additional LAI studies were performed with the weakly immunogenic tumor CC531 and the highly immunogenic tumor 1618 in WAG rats. Surprisingly, only sporadic LAI reactivity was observed in the PBL of rats bearing either the CC531 or the 1618 tumors using both the 2 and 20 hr LAI assays. This absence of tumor-specific LAI reactivity was particularly remarkable in the highly immunogenic 1618 tumor bearing rats, since it would suggest that the antigen(s) responsible for its high immunogenicity could not evoke any consistent LAI reactivity. Since oxidative metabolites of arachidonic acid have been shown to be the final mediators of chemoattractant-induced LAI, the adherence inhibition effect of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) on the PBL of BN and WAG rats was also investigated in order to exclude the possibility that the lack of consistent LAI reactivity was due to a lack of responsive cell population in the PBL. PBL of both BN and WAG rats showed a significant increase in the adherence inhibition in the presence of LTB4, suggesting that the sporadic LAI reactivity was not due to a lack of responsive cell population. PMID- 3913602 TI - A chemical perspective on the anthracycline antitumor antibiotics. AB - The anthracycline antitumor antibiotics occupy a central position in the chemotherapeutic control of cancer. They remain, however, antibiotics of the last resort and thus exhibit toxicity both to the neoplasm and to the host organism. As part of the continuing effort to dissociate the molecular processes responsible for these two separate toxicities, attention has been drawn to the intrinsic redox capacity of their tetrahydronapthacenedione aglycone moiety, and to the possible expression of this redox activity against those biomolecules for which anthracyclines have a particular affinity (polynucleotides and membranes). This review is a synopsis of the present trends and thoughts concerning this relationship, written from the point of view of the intrinsic chemical competence of the anthracyclines and their metabolites. While our ignorance is profound--the precise molecular locus of the antitumor expression of the anthracyclines remains unknown--there is now evidence that the relationship of the anthracyclines to the DNA (possibly requiring enzymatic cooperation) and to the membranes, with neither event requiring redox chemistry, may comprise the core of the antitumor effects. The adventitious expression of the redox activity under either aerobic conditions (in which circumstances molecular oxygen is reduced) or anaerobic conditions (in which circumstances potentially reactive aglycone tautomers are obtained) is therefore thought to contribute more strongly to the host toxicity. Yet little remains proven, and the understanding of the intrinsic chemical competence can do little more than lightly define the boundaries within which are found these and numerous other working hypotheses. PMID- 3913606 TI - Morphology of early stages of ENU-induced brain tumors in rats. AB - Tumors were induced in experimental animals in order to investigate early tumor growth with conventional histology and gliofibrillary acid protein (GFAP) demonstration with the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) method. In one experiment, the animals were killed after transplacental ENU administration, when microtumors were suspected; in the second experiment, the animals were followed up to their natural death and microtumors found at random were used for analysis. Conventional histology revealed 3 types of microtumors: growth restricted to the subventricular matrix, growth in the neighbourhood of the ventricles with obvious or probable connection to the ventricular zones and small tumors observed exclusively in the white matter. The latter tumors by conventional staining were composed of small round cells, considered to be oligodendrocytes. They did not contain GFA-protein positive cells within the tumor. The tumor in presumable and visible connection with the ventricular lining did contain GFAP-positive astrocytes. In the very small subventricular tumors, the small round cells (oligodendrocytes) were in continuous contact with the identical interfascicular glial cells, while GFAP positive astrocytes seemed to stem from the subventricular astrocytes (tanycytes, ependymoglia). The ependyma itself was always preserved. A twofold origin of these experimental tumors with probable development into one common cytological glial type is assumed. PMID- 3913607 TI - Alteration of the ultrastructure of the pig liver after a continuous perfusion of six hours in vitro. AB - Livers of mini LEWE pigs were perfused continuously for 6 h on a novel perfusion system through the portal vein (laminar flow from 200 to 300 ml/min, pressure 270 Pa) and through the A. hepatica (pulsating flow from 100 to 200 ml/min, pressure: 10.6/5.5 kPa). The following perfusion media were used for determining the best conservation conditions at 10 to 12 degrees C: Pig blood/Krebs-Henseleit bicarbonate buffer 1:1; Pig blood/Ringer lactate solution 1:1; Pig plasma; Collins C 2 perfusion solution. After perfusion with Collins C 2 solution the hepatocytes show swelling and dilation of the granular endoplasmic reticulum; after perfusion with the other solutions the changes of the hepatocytes are negligible. The alterations of the sinusoidal wall cells depend on the perfusion pressure and flow and the composition of the solution. After continuous perfusion the sinusoidal walls are characterized by vesicles of endothelial cells, dilatation of the Disse space and fragmentation of hepatic microvilli. PMID- 3913608 TI - Etched base-metal alloys: comparison of relief patterns, bond strengths and fracture modes. PMID- 3913609 TI - Bond strengths of resin-bonded metal castings. PMID- 3913610 TI - Increasing the resistance of teeth to fracture: bonded composite resin versus glass ionomer cement. PMID- 3913611 TI - Lysosomal enzyme inactivation associated with defects in post-translational modification during development in Dictyostelium discoideum. AB - The developmental accumulation of lysosomal alpha-mannosidase-1 activity in Dictyostelium discoideum is controlled at the level of de novo enzyme precursor biosynthesis. Aggregation-deficient mutants are defective with regard to the accumulation of alpha-mannosidase-1 activity beyond 8-16 h of development. We used enzyme-specific monoclonal antibodies to show that the activity defect in aggregation-deficient strains is not due to a lack of alpha-mannosidase-1 precursor synthesis or processing, or to preferential degradation of the mature enzyme protein. Instead, the defect is a result of enzyme inactivation: cells of aggregation-deficient strains contain significant amounts of inactive alpha mannosidase-1 protein late in development. The alpha-mannosidase-1 inactivation phenotype is associated with a more general defect in lysosomal enzyme modification. A change in the post-translational modification system occurs during normal slime-mold development, as shown by differences in enzyme isoelectric point, antigenicity, and thermolability. We found that this change in modification does not occur in mutant strains blocked early in development. We propose a model in which pleiotropic mutations in early aggregation-essential genes can indirectly affect the accumulation of alpha-mannosidase-1 activity by preventing the expression of a developmentally controlled change in the post translational modification system, a change which is required for the stability of several lysosomal enzymes late in development. PMID- 3913612 TI - [G.B. Morgagni: De sedibus et causis morborum per anatomen indagatis]. PMID- 3913613 TI - [Beta-interferon modulates the growth of bone marrow progenitors of natural killer cells]. PMID- 3913614 TI - [Immunomodulation by inactivated Candida albicans]. PMID- 3913615 TI - [Effect of various antibiotics on the surface hydrophobicity of bacterial cells]. PMID- 3913616 TI - [Cooperation between gentamycin and netilmicin in sub-inhibitor doses and defensive mechanisms of the host]. PMID- 3913617 TI - [Inducible cephalosporinase: study of Enterobacter hafniae]. PMID- 3913618 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of cis-diammine-1,1-cyclobutane dicarboxylate platinum II (CBDCA) in humans]. PMID- 3913619 TI - [Evaluation of 4-demethoxydaunorubicin toxicity (IMI 30). Preliminary data]. PMID- 3913620 TI - [Consequences of cholecystectomy (1)]. PMID- 3913621 TI - [Interaction of alcohol with the liver, nutrition, drugs and carcinogens]. PMID- 3913622 TI - Pubertal development as a cause of disturbance: myths, realities, and unanswered questions. PMID- 3913623 TI - Family relations in adolescence: myths, realities, and new directions. PMID- 3913624 TI - Characterization of Streptomyces promoter sequences using the Escherichia coli galactokinase gene. AB - A gene fusion system that uses the Escherichia coli galK gene has been developed to characterize Streptomyces transcriptional regulatory sequences. The system consists of galK-deficient Streptomyces lividans mutants and plasmids containing the E. coli galK gene with its natural ribosome-binding site and sites upstream of galK for insertion of transcription signals. Expression of the E. coli galK gene in S. lividans can be quantitated by either an enzymatic or immunoblot assay or detected by genetic complementation of an S. lividans galK- mutant. The utility of the plasmid to select, detect and assess promoter function was examined using the S. lividans XP55 and S. fradiae aph gene promoters. The potential use of the galK fusion system to isolate and characterize Streptomyces transcription signals is discussed. PMID- 3913625 TI - In vivo transfer of chromosomal mutations onto multicopy plasmids by transduction with bacteriophage P1. AB - A technique is presented by which chromosomal mutations may be efficiently transferred onto chimeric multicopy plasmids in vivo. The technique employs the transduction of plasmids using bacteriophage P1 as vector. The utility of this method was demonstrated by cloning a chromosomal ompR mutation of Escherichia coli K-12. The high-frequency transduction of the chimeric plasmid appeared to be dependent on its integration into the chromosome by homologous recombination. The results also suggest that the plasmid was transduced as part of the chromosome and resolved from its integrated state in the recipient cell, resulting in a high yield of mutant plasmid segregants. PMID- 3913626 TI - Immunological detection of cloned antigenic genes of Vibrio cholerae in Escherichia coli. AB - Antibodies have been used as probe to detect cloned genes coding for toxin and surface antigens of Vibrio cholerae El Tor strain KB207. EcoRI-digested chromosomal DNA of KB207 was cloned in plasmid pBR325 and transformed in Escherichia coli HB101(lambda cI857). Transformants were grown at 32 degrees C on plates containing antibodies. Lysogen was induced at 42 degrees C to release expressed antigens. Antigen-antibody reaction produced a halo around positive clones. PMID- 3913627 TI - A review of organ transplantation policy. PMID- 3913628 TI - Refusal of care: evidence from Arizona. PMID- 3913629 TI - Congress, public policy, and the future: a conversation with Bill Gradison. Interview by John K. Iglehart. PMID- 3913630 TI - Health care cooperatives: innovations for older people. PMID- 3913631 TI - Medicare's transition to national payment rates: effects on hospitals. PMID- 3913632 TI - The impact of Medicare prospective payment on central city and suburban hospitals. PMID- 3913633 TI - Melanoma precursor lesions and borderline melanomas. AB - The histopathological interpretation of melanoma precursor and borderline lesions remains difficult. The natural history of naevi is reviewed and, in the light of this, current views on the histological sub-types of melanoma, precursor lesions and benign lesions which may mimic melanoma are presented. As the criteria for these lesions are now becoming defined they should be applicable by most histopathologists, even those who may see only occasional cases. Childhood and minimal deviation variants, however, are likely to remain problems even for the expert. Fortunately such lesions are uncommon. PMID- 3913634 TI - Systemic lymphadenopathy (LAS) in intravenous drug abusers. Histology, immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy: pathogenic correlations. AB - In the present study we have evaluated the histological, immunohistochemical, ultrastructural and cell surface phenotypic features of lymph nodes from 19 intravenous drug abusers and two homosexual men with persistent lymphadenopathy syndrome and from six control patients. Our investigation has demonstrated that the lymphadenopathy of drug abusers is characterized by: (a) specific histological features with evidence of evolution from an initial hyperplastic reactive to a late regressive-destructive stage; (b) T-cell surface phenotype distribution similar to that in the peripheral blood of homosexuals; (c) peculiar infiltration of the germinal centres by T8+ cells and by S-100+, T6+ interdigitating reticulum-like cells; (d) electron microscopic features indicating the presence of virus bodies in lymph node cells and in the intercellular spaces. These data suggest that the lymphadenopathy of drug abusers and homosexuals are similar pathological conditions with characteristic features which allow histological differentiation of this entity from those found in other viral infections. PMID- 3913635 TI - Epithelioid neurilemmoma of the trigeminal nerve: an immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study. AB - A 50-year-old male presented with facial pain due to an extrinsic intracranial tumour involving pontine nerve roots. Biopsy and subsequent partial surgical excision indicated origin from the trigeminal nerve. Histologically the tumour had features of a neurilemmoma but in addition contained a population of epithelioid cells. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated S100 protein in the non-epithelioid component but no reaction in the epithelioid cells, whilst vimentin was present in both cell types. Ultrastructurally the epithelioid cells showed features consistent with a Schwann cell nature and may represent a less well differentiated cell population derived from a Schwann cell precursor. The significance of these findings in relation to the cell of origin of neurilemmomas is discussed. PMID- 3913636 TI - Effects of antigens on mononuclear leukocyte chemiluminescence. AB - Influenza virus and Candida albicans allergenic extract elicit alterations in the oxidative metabolic activity of human mononuclear leukocytes (MNL). MNL preparations (greater than 96% lymphocytes, less than 4% monocytes) exposed in vitro to inactivated influenza virus displayed significantly enhanced oxidative activity, as demonstrated by luminol-amplified chemiluminescence (CL). MNL from donors who had received influenza vaccine and unimmunized donors showed similar levels of virus-stimulated CL. In contrast, MNL exposed to Candida (a macrophage dependent lymphocyte stimulator) displayed significant suppression in oxidative activity. Our findings support the hypothesis that oxidative activity holds an important role in the early events of the immune response. PMID- 3913637 TI - Kinetics and free-radical mechanisms of ageing and carcinogenesis. AB - Kinetic investigations play an important role in gerontology. Basis research on mathematical models of the ageing process in living organisms is described and illustrated by empirical data. The role of free-radical processes in the development of pathological states, including carcinogenesis, and in ageing is considered. The role of free-radical reactions in the conversion of known carcinogens in the organism and the interaction of their active radical forms with the most important biomacromolecules is discussed. It is shown that antioxidants of low toxicity, which inhibit radical processes, are anticarcinogenic, and data are given on their experimental utilization as possible 'geroprotectors'. PMID- 3913638 TI - Cell culture models of multistep carcinogenesis. AB - The cellular and molecular basis for the multistep process of carcinogenesis can be studied in part by the use of cell culture models. A model system for the study of carcinogen-induced neoplastic transformation of cells in culture is described. Different stages in the neoplastic development of Syrian hamster embryo (SHE) fibroblasts can be identified and quantitated. At least two steps are required for the neoplastic progression of these cells. Morphological alterations are observed early after carcinogen treatment; such cells are preneoplastic and, after further growth in culture, acquire the ability to grow in agar and to form tumours in animals. The induction of morphological transformation of SHE cells occurs within one week after carcinogen treatment in a dose-dependent manner consistent with a one-hit mechanism. Furthermore, this change is induced at frequencies (greater than 1% of the surviving cells) that are higher than those of specific locus mutations. Carcinogens that fail to induce measurable gene mutations induce cell transformation (e.g., diethylstilboestrol, asbestos and arsenic). All three of these carcinogens induce chromosomal changes--either numerical and/or structural aberrations--suggesting a role for such changes in the action of these carcinogens. Different preneoplastic cells vary in the rate of their progression to anchorage-independent growth and tumorigenicity. Cells with the ability to grow in agar arise at rates of 10(-4) to 10(-7) variants/cell per generation, depending on the preneoplastic cell line. Different preneoplastic cell lines also vary in their sensitivity to induction of neoplastic transformation by mutagens and by transfection with viral oncogenes. This heterogenicity of response suggests different intermediate states of neoplastic progression. PMID- 3913639 TI - Ageing, DNA repair of radiation damage and carcinogenesis: fact and fiction. PMID- 3913641 TI - BALB/c 3T3 cell transformation: protocols, problems and improvements. PMID- 3913640 TI - Metabolic activation of procarcinogens by subcellular enzyme fractions in the C3H 10T1/2 and BALB/c 3T3 cell transformation systems. PMID- 3913642 TI - Chemical transformation in C3H 10T1/2 Cl 8 mouse embryo fibroblasts: historical background, assessment of the transformation assay, and evolution and optimization of the transformation assay protocol. PMID- 3913643 TI - Malignant transformation of mammalian cells in culture: delineation of stages and role of cellular oncogene activation. PMID- 3913644 TI - Critical review of the use of established cell lines for in-vitro cell transformation. PMID- 3913645 TI - Neoplastic transformation in cell cultures: in-vitro/in-vivo correlations. AB - The behaviour of the C3H 10T1/2 C18 (10T1/2) cell line is reviewed in the context of its ability to reflect accurately events known to occur during carcinogenesis in vivo. It is concluded that, despite their embryonic fibroblastic origin and their infinite life-span in culture, 10T1/2 cells are capable of a wide range of responses to carcinogens and modulators of carcinogenesis that correspond closely to those observed in vivo, for the most part in epithelial tissues. For this and other reasons the 10T1/2 cell line has been widely employed in cancer research. PMID- 3913646 TI - Cellular mechanisms of oncogenic transformation in vitro. PMID- 3913647 TI - Relationship between in-vitro cell transformation and in-vivo carcinogenesis based on available data on the effects of chemicals. PMID- 3913648 TI - Only the bad died young in the ancient Middle East. AB - Biblical writers generally viewed old age as a reward for righteousness and piety. Consequently, they stressed the belief that the elderly were blessed and that they should be venerated. While life expectancy was usually below forty years, there are exceptional cases on record of individuals--men and women- living to advanced old ages. An analysis of these special few cases and a discussion of extra-Biblical texts shows that other ancient Middle Eastern societies held attitudes toward aging and the aged comparable to those expressed in the Hebrew Bible. PMID- 3913649 TI - The Reagan-era shift toward restrictiveness in old age policy in historical perspective. AB - For forty years following the passage of the Social Security Act, the United States experienced a liberalization in public policy toward the aged. In the late 1970's, the momentum of this liberalization began to ebb, and by the early 1980's, a shift toward greater restrictiveness was underway. Scholars and journalists often discuss this Reagan-era shift as if it were a unique policy initiative. A case can be made, however, that this is just a recent example of a recurrent pattern of social policy reform and reaction in the history of American politics. This point is illustrated by placing the current policy shift alongside a historically remote period. PMID- 3913650 TI - Historical essay: Kraepelin's description of Alzheimer's disease. AB - A translation is offered for the first time of Kraepelin's description of Alzheimer's Disease. It is discussed with regard to its context, and the importance that his elaboration gave to the discovery. PMID- 3913651 TI - The "life drawing" as a measure of time perspective in adulthood. PMID- 3913652 TI - Cadaveric renal transplant failure: the short-term sequelae. AB - Quality of life was evaluated in 103 patients initially when each was placed on the waiting list for a cadaveric transplant. Patients who were not transplanted were reassessed six months after being placed on the waiting list. Patients who received a transplant were reassessed six months after the surgery. Cadaveric transplantation was performed in sixty-three patients by the time of follow-up. The mortality rate of 12.7 percent in transplanted patients after six months was more than twice that in patients who remained on the waiting list without a transplant, but this difference was not statistically significant. There was a graft failure rate of 23.6 percent among transplanted patients who survived six months. Graft failures were associated with some deterioration in subsequent physical activity (F = 5.4, p less than 0.03) but not in psychosocial functioning. Successful cadaveric transplants were associated with a marked and significant improvement in psychosocial well-being (F = 10.5, p less than 0.002) after six months even though physical activity did not increase. These findings suggest that 1) a successful cadaveric transplant is associated with an improved quality of life, 2) the graft failure rate of 23 percent with cadaveric transplantation is still appreciable but 3) graft failure is not necessarily associated in the short term with deterioration in psychosocial well-being. PMID- 3913653 TI - Management of an infant with prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of upper airway obstruction. AB - We report a case in which a cervical teratoma was diagnosed antenatally in the mid third trimester. In anticipation of potential upper airway obstruction, resources were mobilized to the operating room at the time of the planned cesarean section. The neonate was unable to breathe, but his airway was secured without delay. There was no evidence of cerebral anoxia initially or at one year follow-up. As prenatal diagnosis by ultrasound becomes more refined, the otolaryngologist will play an increasing role in perinatal decision making and anticipated emergencies at the time of delivery. Airway obstruction of various causes will be the most urgent problem. PMID- 3913655 TI - Metallic ion release and its relationship to oncogenesis. PMID- 3913654 TI - Influence of technical factors and different immunosuppressive regimens on kidney graft survival. Retrospective analysis on 300 kidney transplants. AB - 300 patients underwent kidney transplantation. Uretero-neocystostomy was performed by means of the Politano-Leadbetter technique in the first 185 patients and direct ureterovesical anastomosis in the other 115 patients. Immunosuppression included conventional therapy (steroids, antilymphocyte globulins, azathioprine) and the association cyclosporine A and steroids. Retrospective analysis on these 300 patients indicates that the improved 1 year graft survival rate (85% vs 64%) we observed in the latest years has depended to the same extent, on improved surgical technique and on advent of cyclosporine A in our therapeutic protocols. Cyclosporine A at low starting doses immediately adjusted on whole blood trough levels (200-400 ng/ml) proved to be superior to other therapeutic schedules reported in this study (1-year graft survival rate: 94% vs 84%-73%). Direct ureterovesical anastomosis was characterized by a net reduction of urologic complications (2.5% vs 9.7%). PMID- 3913656 TI - Legg-Calve-Perthes disease: results of long-term follow-up. PMID- 3913657 TI - Two cases of dizygotic twins with androgenetic mole and normal conceptus. PMID- 3913658 TI - A note on the use of 3-section plates for the estimation of the numbers of bacteria and to obtain isolated colonies in 1 day. AB - By streaking with an open loop and then swabbing a 4-5 cm2 area on 3-section agar plates, it is possible to obtain isolated colonies and to estimate bacterial densities from 100 to 10(7)/ml on the swabbed area. PMID- 3913659 TI - A note on antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli in adult man, raw sewage and sewage-polluted River Tigris in Mosul, Nineva. AB - A total of 600 isolates of Escherichia coli were isolated, over a 9 month period during 1984, from healthy human adults, raw sewage and the sewage-polluted River Tigris in Nineva. Over 90% of these organisms were E. coli type 1, but only 8.3% could be serogrouped as enteropathogenic E. coli. Resistance of these organisms to 11 antimicrobial drugs was assessed. Over 40% were antibiotic-resistant and of these 77.1% were resistant to more than one antibiotic. The minimal inhibitory concentration of ampicillin for 193 selected strains from the various sources was determined and ranged from less than 0.625-greater than 160 micrograms/ml. The high incidence of antibiotic-resistant E. coli in this locality and the possible implications to human health are discussed. PMID- 3913660 TI - The persistence of Legionella pneumophila in non-sterile, sterile and artificial hard waters and their growth pattern on tap washer fittings. AB - Simultaneous experiments were performed with sterilized and non-sterile water and an artificial hard water. After seeding with an environmental isolate of Legionella pneumophila numbers in the sterile and hard water decreased rapidly and colonization of various tap washer fittings failed to take place. Adhesion and growth of an environmental isolate of L. pneumophila to washers in non sterile tap water was followed over a 4-month period with fluorescein-labelled antibody and by scanning electron microscopy. After adherence the individual cells appeared to divide to form chains which spread over the surfaces. Organisms other than legionellas were also present and a complex colonization matt was formed which was embedded in a protective coat of slime and debris. The numbers of L. pneumophila recovered from the water were highest between 4 and 7 weeks but they could still be cultivated after 4 months. PMID- 3913661 TI - The lack of therapeutic effects in mice of the combined gamma-irradiated Mycobacterium leprae and viable BCG against Mycobacterium leprae infection. PMID- 3913662 TI - Does the Hansen bacillus harm or benefit the leprous patient? PMID- 3913663 TI - Hemodynamic and hormonal effects of propranolol on patients with essential hypertension during head-up tilting: a comparison between normal and low cardiac index groups. AB - Twelve outpatients with essential hypertension who showed a normal cardiac index (CI) (between 2.5 and 3.6 1/min/m2) or low CI (2.5 and less 1/min/m2) were studied. Head-up tilting (70 degrees) was performed for 15 min before and 2 weeks after treatment with propranolol (90 mg/day). Before treatment, the normal CI group showed a fall in systolic blood pressure (SBP) associated with a decrease in CI and an increase in the total peripheral resistance index (TPRI) during tilting. Conversely, the low CI group showed a rise in SBP associated with an increase in CI and a decrease in TPRI. There was a negative correlation (r = 0.69, P less than 0.05) between the basal CI and the change caused by the tilting. During treatment with propranolol, on the other hand, both groups showed decreases in CI. There was a greater increase in plasma renin activity (PRA) in the normal than in the low CI group before treatment with propranolol. The rise in PRA was significantly (P less than 0.05) suppressed by propranolol in the normal CI group only. It was demonstrated that the low CI group showed a different hemodynamic response to the tilting than the normal CI group. The lower rise in PRA may have partially contributed to the lack of increase in TPRI in the low CI group, compared with the normal CI group. Such hemodynamic differences may be abolished by propranolol which has a cardioinhibitory and/or renin-suppressive effect. PMID- 3913664 TI - Assessment of regional wall motion abnormality without contrast medium by digital subtraction angiography using Fourier analysis. PMID- 3913665 TI - Function of the transplanted canine heart after prolonged preservation by simple immersion. AB - The purpose of this study was to investigate the maximum limits of a simple topical cooling method with preservation of graft viability following orthotopic transplantation. Coronary vascular washout was performed with cold potassium verapamil cardioplegia. The heart was then removed, suspended in the same solution, and stored at 4 degrees C. The experimental material was divided into three groups according to the preservation time: 24 h in group I (six animals), 36 h in group II (five animals), and 48 h in group III (three animals). All six animals in group I and four of five animals in group II maintained a stable recipient circulation after transplantation. No animals in group III could be taken off cardiopulmonary bypass. Contraction band injury after transplantation was more frequently observed in the group II grafts than in those of group I. In conclusion, the combination of coronary vascular washout with cold potassium verapamil cardioplegia and storage at 4 degrees C in the same solution may preserve the canine heart for 24-36 h, as demonstrated by cardiac function immediately after orthotopic transplantation. PMID- 3913667 TI - Diagnostic study of vascular lesions. AB - Detailed diagnostic evaluation of upper extremity vascular lesions is not possible with any single existing test or study. Arteriography and improved arteriographic techniques, including digital subtraction imaging, have increased dramatically the resolution of this procedure. Unfortunately, reactive vasospasm and limited run-off still preclude the provision of complete information about vascular anatomy. Surgical exploration, of course, provides direct access to arterial and venous structures in a limited area, but it has obvious limitations. Indirect information about the structural anatomy can be obtained by Doppler techniques, ultrasound scans, and radionuclide imaging. These techniques also provide limited information about changes in perfusion during stress. Plethysmography, thermography, thermometry, and measurements of segmental arterial pressure, when combined with stress testing, provide excellent indirect evidence of both static and dynamic states. A combination of pressure measurements and intraoperative ultrasound associated with direct surgical measurement will provide quantitative and qualitative analysis of antegrade and retrograde flow and allow the surgeon to look at the intima of vessels without surgically traumatizing the vessel wall. Within the next decade, real-time information with three-dimensional reconstruction of arterial and venous structures as well as quantitative analysis of segmental areas of blood flow will be provided by the use of combinations of these techniques or techniques that have not yet been reported. PMID- 3913666 TI - Pathophysiology of hypertension following coronary artery bypass surgery: an experimental dog model for postoperative hypertension. AB - Immediate postoperative hypertension has been reported to occur during the first 3-6 h in 30%-75% of patients who have undergone aortocoronary bypass operations. Although some causes and potential predisposing factors of this type of hypertension have been cited, the mechanisms involved still remain unclear. Some studies have implicated the involvement of nerve reflexes originating from the heart, great vessels, and coronary arteries, but they do not explain the exact role of such impulses. The paucity of data in humans is, needless to say, due primarily to the invasive nature of the experimental procedure. To further our knowledge on the involvement of nerve reflexes as a factor in initiating immediate postoperative hypertension, we used a dog model and devised a modified form of surgery by inserting a soft catheter into the left coronary artery to form a stenosis; we measured several factors usually involved in hypertension. We succeeded in performing this modified form of surgery in 10 of 81 dogs. Our model showed that the mean aortic pressure significantly increased from 81 +/- 5.5 to 102 +/- 7.0 mmHg (P less than 0.05), systemic vascular resistance from 7604 +/- 833 to 9648 +/- 1101 dyn.s.cm-5 (P less than 0.05), and plasma noradrenaline levels from 0.45 +/- 0.092 to 0.51 +/- 0.087 ng/ml (P less than 0.01) immediately after restoration of blood flow to the distal area behind the stenosis. These dynamic and humoral characteristics are similar to ones documented in current clinical reports. To our knowledge, this is the first experimental animal model of hypertension after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. PMID- 3913668 TI - Laboratory design in preparing for elective microvascular surgery. AB - This article explores the possibility of using an animal model to perform teaching and experimental procedures in microsurgery. The models included range from those for the basic teaching of microsurgery to the more challenging models of ear and limb replantation. Nerve repair, muscle transplantation, and the reason for replant failure in the laboratory are discussed. PMID- 3913669 TI - Vascularized free flap transfer in the upper limb. AB - Free tissue transfer is quite an important and attractive procedure for reconstruction of an injured limb, especially an upper limb. A simple skin flap can be transferred to close an open wound of the limb, but a sensory flap or a special flap such as a nail-skin, tendon-skin, or muscle-skin flap is a much better donor for reconstructing the function of the upper limb. The muscle or muscle-skin transfer procedure should be highly valued as a means of restoration of motor function in those patients in whom all other measures have totally failed in the past. Sensory flap transfer from the foot is also highly valued as a method for reconstructing sensory and cosmetic problems of the hand and fingers. PMID- 3913670 TI - Ulnar artery thrombosis. AB - Management of ulnar artery thrombosis is a complex problem. Diagnosis is confirmed by Allen testing; other special studies are needed for adequate evaluation of circulation, and arteriography is necessary before definitive therapy can be planned. Treatment must be patient oriented and directed at the underlying abnormality. Options for treatment include arterial reconstruction using reversed interposition vein grafting, mechanical sympathectomy performed by surgical resection of the thrombosed segment and ligation of the artery, and nonsurgical treatment. PMID- 3913671 TI - Development of the upper limb. AB - The advances of developmental biology are beginning to unravel the mechanisms behind congenital anomalies and should, in the not too distant future, have an impact upon their treatment. Much of classic developmental biology represents careful descriptions of the developing body form, in this case the upper limb. There is a great deal to be learned from this approach. More recent experimental manipulations of limb development are serving to establish the basic processes by which form is generated in each cycle of life. Such experimental manipulations might also be regarded as potential prototypes for surgical interventions of the future. PMID- 3913672 TI - Upper limb tissue differentiation in the human embryo. AB - The major histologic process throughout the fetal period is differential growth. Most congenital deformities occur in the third through the seventh weeks, when the tissues are rapidly developing. After the seventh week, certain types of insults may result in deformity, but the intricate structures of the limb have been determined in the time between the third and eighth postovulatory weeks. PMID- 3913673 TI - The role of microsurgery in the reconstruction of congenital deformities of the hand. AB - Microsurgical transfers are discussed for pterygium syndrome, congenital pseudarthrosis, aplasia cutis congenita, and transverse absence of the digits. Also reviewed are general considerations for the performance of microsurgical procedures in infants. PMID- 3913674 TI - Congenital ulnar deficiency. Natural history and therapeutic implications. AB - We have reviewed the natural history of congenital ulnar deficiency in 15 limbs in our series and in 185 limbs in the literature. The natural history suggests that there is little progression of deformity. Specific variables for prognosis have not been determined. There are no data that discuss relative ulnar length or relative forearm shortening of the involved extremity. We compared function in our 15 limbs with standards of function in the general population. Based on our findings, treatment must be individualized to maximize function and should be conservative regarding ulnar deviation of the wrist, radial head dislocation, and preservation of forearm pronation and supination. Standard reconstruction of hand anomalies is most rewarding for functional results. PMID- 3913675 TI - Polydactyly. AB - The different etiologies and treatments of preaxial, postaxial, and central polydactyly are reviewed. PMID- 3913676 TI - Symposium on skin and soft tissue coverage of the upper extremity. PMID- 3913677 TI - Historical review of skin and soft tissue coverage of the upper extremity. AB - This review recounts the known historical development of techniques to achieve soft tissue coverage using free skin grafts, pedicle flaps of various types, and composite tissue transfers with immediate revascularization. There is documentation of an incremental emphasis on muscle-containing pedicle flaps and free revascularized composite tissue transfers in the world literature. PMID- 3913678 TI - Local flaps to the hand. AB - In choosing which flap to employ for a particular defect, the surgeon should think again about areas of skin availability. Where insufficient skin is present for a flap design that permits no skin graft, such as a rotation or a rhomboid flap, then a simple transposition flap with a graft on the secondary defect may serve admirably. In planning a local flap, the inexperienced surgeon should always think of an elegant escape should this plan not work--the experienced one always does. In raising the flap, the surgeon should remain aware that he is challenging its blood supply and thereby rendering it more vulnerable to injury; he should take care that he not inflict that injury during dissection. The skin hook and the knife are more precise and less damaging than the forceps and the scissors and should be used in preference. By rendering tissues tense with judicious hook traction, natural planes are revealed. By pursuing such planes much less trauma is inflicted than in creating planes where none exist. The design and execution of a local flap is an intellectual and elegant pursuit worthy of any surgeon. If the surgeon, in turn, is worthy, he or she will appreciate that fact and gain much satisfaction from the practice. PMID- 3913679 TI - The use of skin grafts in the treatment of Dupuytren's contracture. AB - Digital contractures caused by Dupuytren's disease can best be treated by open fasciotomy plus excision of all overlying involved skin and replacement by full thickness skin grafts. Such a procedure results in minimal operative morbidity, early recovery of function, and low incidence of recurrent contractures. PMID- 3913680 TI - Z-plasties and related procedures for the hand and upper limb. AB - The Z-plasty is a useful procedure in surgery of the upper limb for lengthening skin along a selected axis, for breaking up a straight line, and for obliterating webs. At least six geometric variables are considered in designing a conventional Z-plasty, and several modified designs must be considered. Geometrical models are useful guides in design, but biomechanical features are also important and must be incorporated in the plan. PMID- 3913681 TI - Island flaps of the hand. AB - This article discusses the use of vascular island skin and composite flaps in surgery of the hand. The history of the development of island flaps is outlined. The principles, indications, and techniques for several useful island flaps in the hand are presented. PMID- 3913682 TI - Free flap coverage of the hand. AB - The microvascular cutaneous transplant, or "free flap", suitable for hand resurfacing is described in detail. Anatomic and clinical indications are stressed, and the operative steps involved in the preparation and transfer of each flap are outlined. PMID- 3913683 TI - Myocutaneous and fasciocutaneous flaps in the upper limb. AB - The vascular supply to the upper limb is reviewed and several specific myocutaneous and fasciocutaneous flaps are discussed. Also considered is specific coverage of defects in the shoulder, scapula, humerus, elbow, and radial or ulnar bones. PMID- 3913685 TI - Glycosaminoglycan synthesis in dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans. PMID- 3913684 TI - Tampon use in women with endometriosis. AB - This study examines the potential role of vaginal tampons in women with endometriosis. In light of the fact that some medical practitioners view an appliance worn internally as a form of medical device, and in light of the recent knowledge about tampons gained during the crisis surrounding Toxic Shock Syndrome, little published information about women's menstrual patterns and practices was found. The data used here were provided by 470 members of the Endometriosis Association. These respondents' medical, surgical, and fertility case histories are stored in the Association's Data Registry housed at the Medical College of Wisconsin. Cases in this study are white; the average age is 31 +/- 5.2 years and 82 percent report use of tampons routinely. In contrast, general rates of tampon use, derived historically from several published studies using control groups matched to cases of Toxic Shock Syndrome were used for comparison. Results showed that rates of tampon use for women with endometriosis were similar to rates reported for the general population, 75 to 83 percent. We did find that within this group of mature white women, initiation of tampon use varied by age. Supporting Irwin and Millstein's study of tampon use in adolescent girls, an analysis of variance showed these women initiated tampon use at progressively earlier ages (p less than 0.001). PMID- 3913686 TI - Dermatan sulfate is the major glycosaminoglycan synthesized by cultured guinea pig skin fibroblasts. PMID- 3913687 TI - Epidemiological survey of "nylon cloths friction dermatosis" in Japan. PMID- 3913688 TI - mRNA activity of M-type lactate dehydrogenase in dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans. PMID- 3913689 TI - Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical identification of malignant schwannoma of the skin. PMID- 3913690 TI - A case of impetigo herpetiformis with hypercalcitoninemia. PMID- 3913692 TI - Pseudoaneurysm as a complication of angiography. PMID- 3913691 TI - Subungual amelanotic malignant melanoma. PMID- 3913693 TI - Measurement of anti-leishmanial serum antibody titre in Indian kala-azar. PMID- 3913694 TI - Immunodiagnosis of filariasis. PMID- 3913695 TI - Immunological studies in human filariasis. PMID- 3913696 TI - In vitro cultivation of P. falciparum in India. PMID- 3913697 TI - Continuous in vitro cultivation of Plasmodium falciparum and its applications in immunology of malaria. PMID- 3913698 TI - Development of monoclonal antibody against malarial parasite. PMID- 3913699 TI - Role of carbohydrate residues in interaction of human erythrocytes with Plasmodium falciparum merozoites--future prospects. PMID- 3913700 TI - Evaluation of Plasmodium falciparum isolates from different geographical areas by indirect fluorescent antibody test. PMID- 3913701 TI - Immunodiagnosis of kala-azar. PMID- 3913702 TI - Kertbeny and the nameless love. AB - The word homosexuality, in its German form Homosexualitat, was first used in an anonymous pamphlet published in Germany in 1869. Documentary evidence is given here confirming that the writer Karl Maria Kertbeny was its author. A sketch of Kertbeny's life is given, along with a discussion of the historical background and reasons for his introduction of the new terminology. The role that this and rival terminologies played in the changing attitudes toward homosexuality is traced through the following century in Germany, concluding with the reclaiming of the derogatory word schwul by the modern gay movement. PMID- 3913703 TI - The house on Pacific Street: homosexuality, intrigue, and politics during World War II. PMID- 3913704 TI - [Encysted renal tumor in adults. Apropos of an unusual ultrasonographic and anatomo-pathological case]. AB - Ultrasound imaging in a 45 years old man with a one year history of bladder stone colic treated medically detected a partly encysted tumoral mass in the corticomedullary zone of upper pole of right kidney. Extemporaneous examination, requested because of the original macroscopic appearance of this tumor, prevented excision of right kidney. The atypical microscopic appearances, not found during a literature review, justify reporting of this case. PMID- 3913705 TI - Primary dapsone resistance in leprosy. AB - 20 carefully selected untreated patients of bacilliferous leprosy were investigated for primary dapsone resistance by foot pad inoculation. Mice were fed on 0.001 g% and 0.01 g% of dapsone during the period of study. Mice in the control group were given normal rodent feed only. Animals were sacrificed from 6 month onwards at 6 week intervals upto 9 months. In two animals the growth of M. leprae was not inhibited by 0.001 g% concentration of dapsone in diet, but was completely inhibited by 0.01 g% of dapsone. PMID- 3913706 TI - Dapsone resistance in North India. AB - An attempt has been made to screen the resistant strains of M. leprae in lepromatous patients from the eight northern States of India. By using the mouse foot pad technique it was found that in a total of 69 clinically suspected patients 33 (47.8%) harboured M. leprae with some degree of dapsone resistance. A detailed epidemiological study in these parts of the country may reveal the prevalence rate. PMID- 3913707 TI - Levels of the third component of complement in Mycobacterium leprae infected intact and immune compromised mice. AB - Normal and immunosuppressed mice were infected with Mycobacterium leprae and the bacillary counts were made from the footpads at 3, 6 and 9 months post inoculation. A decrease in the serum C3 level was observed in the infected groups of animals compared to controls. PMID- 3913708 TI - [The structure and the evolution of the 5S RNA protein complex]. PMID- 3913709 TI - [Dot-blotting apparatus for quantitative analysis of proteins]. PMID- 3913710 TI - [New wear-resistant hard resins and their clinical use]. PMID- 3913711 TI - Vascular surgery in the U.S.S.R.: a historical outline and the state of art. PMID- 3913712 TI - Modern trends in surgical correction of arterial stenosis of transplanted kidney. AB - In 17 patients at different time after transplantation of the allogenic kidney, artery stenosis of the transplant accompanied by gross hypertension and deterioration of renal function was registered. To diagnose the pathology isotope renography with I131 hippuran, rheography of the transplant, thermometry, thermography and selective angiography were used. Five patients were operated on. They successfully underwent different reconstructive procedures on the affected renal artery of the transplant. As a result arterial pressure returned to normal in all the patients and the transplant's function improved. Four patients underwent balloon dilatation of the stenosed renal artery. The effect was temporary. PMID- 3913713 TI - Direct effects of vasoactive substances on superficial human veins in vivo. AB - Direct effects of vasoactive substances on superficial human veins in vivo can be investigated by measuring changes in the diameter of a superficial hand vein at a standardized congestion pressure before and after local infusion of the drugs. Changes in diameter at a given occlusion pressure reflect changes in venous tone. Experiments have been performed in healthy male volunteers; the diameter of a superficial hand vein was measured by means of a linear variable differential transformer. A series of ergot alkaloids (dihydroergotamine, ergotamine, methysergide and bromocriptine) were found to elicit a direct constrictor action when infused locally. Dihydroergotamine also produced marked and long-lasting venoconstriction after systemic i.v. and after oral administration. Studies on the mode of action of the venoconstrictor effect of ergot alkaloids suggest that alpha- and 5-TH-receptors are involved. Pizotifen and methysergide, both characterized as 5-HT-antagonists, were found to produce a marked, dose-dependent reduction of venous compliance when locally infused into superficial hand veins, suggesting partial agonist activity on 5-HT-receptors. The centrally-acting antihypertensive drug guanfacine was found to produce venoconstriction after local administration, probably due to its alpha-adrenoceptor stimulant effect. The venodilator effect of isoprenaline can be shown in veins preconstricted by noradrenaline. With nitroglycerin, venodilatation was observed by local infusions in veins not preconstricted.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3913714 TI - Identification of peripheral vascular disease with real-time ultrasonic imaging. AB - Real-time ultrasonic imaging can provide useful clinical information in subjects with peripheral vascular disease. This report outlines the technique of imaging the extracranial arterial system and arterial segments that supply the lower extremities. It describes our interpretation of the ultrasonic image as it relates to the pathology of fatty streaks, smooth and complex plaques, occlusions and thrombus formations. Our experience consists of in excess of 2700 patients who were evaluated with real-time ultrasonic imaging in conjunction with noninvasive functional studies over 4 1/2 years. In our hands, real-time ultrasonic imaging performed in conjunction with functional noninvasive studies plays a more important role in the management of patients with cerebrovascular disease than in lower extremity vascular disease. PMID- 3913715 TI - Therapeutic defibrinogenation in peripheral vascular disease. AB - Despite considerable uncontrolled clinical data implying a beneficial effect of defibrinogenation in peripheral vascular disease, this is not supported by double blind placebo controlled trials. A hypothetical explanation for this discrepancy is developed from experimental studies suggesting that in the absence of adequate shear forces defibrinogenation might induce occlusion of the impaired microcirculation and therefore can lead to an aggravation of tissue hypoxia. PMID- 3913716 TI - Effects of verapamil on platelet aggregation and serum thromboxane synthesis in vitro and in vivo. AB - The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro effects of verapamil on platelet aggregation and serum thromboxane formation. We also studied the in vivo effects of verapamil retard on platelet aggregation and serum thromboxane formation. The incubation of verapamil with PRP produced a dose-dependent decrease of in vitro platelet aggregation for all the agents used. Potentiation by verapamil of antiaggregating activity of prostacyclin was also demonstrated; in fact when verapamil and prostacyclin were added simultaneously a synergistic inhibition of platelet aggregation by ADP was observed. In whole blood verapamil partially inhibited thromboxane production only at a higher concentration. In vivo verapamil significantly decreased platelet aggregation induced by ADP and epinephrine while no changes were observed after arachidonic acid. No significant changes occurred in serum TXB2 levels. The observations suggest a potential role for verapamil in antithrombotic therapy as an antiplatelet agent. PMID- 3913717 TI - [Diagnosis and therapy of ankylosing spondylitis]. PMID- 3913718 TI - [Experimental studies of autologous vein grafts for arterial defect, using fibrin glue]. AB - Compared with end-to-end anastomosis, the procedure for veingrafting is time consuming and troublesome. The purpose of this study was to resolve these problems. The common carotid artery of the rats was grafted by the jugular vein. The principle of sleeve anastomosis was applied at the proximal suture site and fibrin glue was used at both suture sites to prevent leakage. This method was performed in 67 rats, and conventional veingrafts were done in 41 rats. A high patency rate of 98% and a shortened operating time were obtained in this method. An advantage of this procedure was a reduction in the number of stitches, which reduced the operating time and ensured good vascular healing. PMID- 3913719 TI - [Separation and establishment of a disease entity--proposal of a disease entity "juvenile type of distal and segmental muscular atrophy of upper extremities"]. PMID- 3913720 TI - [Diagnostic imaging of space occupying lesions of the liver]. PMID- 3913721 TI - [Pulmonary extravascular water volume in heart diseases: the effect of isosorbide dinitrate on hemodynamic pulmonary edema]. PMID- 3913723 TI - [Oncogenes]. PMID- 3913722 TI - [A case of pheochromocytoma of paroxysmal type detected from a paradoxical response in GTT with ten years' clinical course]. PMID- 3913724 TI - The analgesic effects of aspirin and placebo on experimentally induced tooth pulp pain. AB - We examined the relative analgesic potency of aspirin and placebo in a within subject-repeated-measure experiment using a precision tooth pulp stimulation technique with long-term stability (r = 0.93) for more than two months between measures. The attenuation of pain perception was evaluated using a standardized magnitude estimation procedure and constructing an individual psychophysical function for each trial. The data were fit equally well by either a straight line (Y = mX + b) or a power function (Y = mXa + b). Using the line fit and distribution insensitive conservative statistical tests, the effect of each treatment was compared to baseline and the treatments were compared to each other. In randomized, double-blind trials we found reliable effects of both aspirin (p less than 0.001) and placebo (p less than 0.001) but no difference (p = 0.08) between these two treatments. However, on an individual basis, 12 of 17 subjects displayed a larger analgesic response to aspirin than to placebo (p less than 0.05). PMID- 3913725 TI - Fenoprofen calcium versus aspirin in the treatment of acute inflammatory soft tissue injuries. AB - The efficacy and safety of fenoprofen calcium (Nalfon, Dista, Indianapolis, IN) and aspirin for treating acute inflammatory soft tissue injuries were compared in a 3 to 10-day randomized, double-blind, parallel study of 100 patients with bruise (1), bursitis (33), ligamentous strain (8), myofascitis (43), and tendinitis (15). Forty-seven of the 50 aspirin-treated and 48 of the 50 fenoprofen-treated patients were evaluable. Results of the study showed that fenoprofen calcium and aspirin were equally effective in treating acute inflammatory soft-tissue injuries; however, adverse experiences occurred in fewer patients and at a lower frequency with fenoprofen calcium therapy. In global assessments, 73% of the patients rated fenoprofen therapy as very good or good compared to 64% of the patients who received aspirin therapy. There were no significant differences in the clinician's and the patients' global assessments of therapy. The study suggests that fenoprofen calcium is effective for use in treating soft-tissue injuries since it is better tolerated than aspirin when given in equally effective doses. PMID- 3913726 TI - Dose response to fenoprofen calcium using placebo and codeine as controls. AB - This paper evaluates the dose-response relationship of several doses of fenoprofen calcium, between 12.5 and 300 mg, and their relationship to 60 mg of codeine sulfate and placebo. Three separate parallel studies are included in this evaluation, including a total of 867 patients. The types of pain were cesarean section, episiotomy wound, uterine cramping, and general surgery. This paper shows that a significant increasing relationship exists between efficacy and dose of fenoprofen, suggesting that relatively larger doses of fenoprofen will achieve greater amounts of efficacy. PMID- 3913727 TI - Calcitonin and treatment of osteoporosis. PMID- 3913728 TI - Bleeding complications from warfarin anticoagulation in patients with malignancy. AB - Bleeding complications from warfarin anticoagulants were analyzed in 431 patients with carcinoma of the lung, colon, prostate and head and neck who were admitted to a randomized, controlled therapeutic trial of this agent. A total of 215 patients were randomized to the warfarin-treated group and 216 to the control groups. The mean prothrombin time was significantly prolonged (p = 0.0001) for warfarin-treated patients. The duration of warfarin administration was 64.9% of the total followup period providing 101 patient-years of experience with warfarin in cancer. Both the overall incidence of bleeding episodes (58% of warfarin treated versus 30% of control) and the incidence of major bleeding episodes (42% versus 14%, respectively) were significantly increased in the warfarin-treated group (p = less than 0.001). The incidence of major bleeding was 1.86 per patient year on warfarin. The most common sites of bleeding (in descending order) were the gastointestinal tract, the urinary tract, the nasal passages and skin. Hemorrhage occurred in association with the terminal event in 10 warfarin-treated and 12 control patients. Warfarin anticoagulation may have contributed to terminal bleeding in 3 (1.4%) patients. There was no difference in mean hemoglobin or hematocrit values for patients with versus patients without bleeding episodes. PMID- 3913729 TI - Inflammatory and immunological aspects of the pathogenesis of human periapical lesions. PMID- 3913730 TI - Root canal culturing survey: single-visit endodontics. PMID- 3913731 TI - Regional specificity of glycoconjugates in Xenopus and axolotl embryos. AB - This paper reviews work on the presence, synthesis and developmental regulation of glycoconjugates (proteoglycans, glycoproteins and glycolipids) in the early amphibian embryo. In the axolotl there is little regional specificity of protein synthesis until the tailbud stage, but substantial regional specificity of glycoprotein synthesis from the end of gastrulation. Glycolipid synthesis is more uniform although a number of unique species are made in the epidermis. Isolated explants from axolotl early gastrulae show three types of behaviour in terms of glycoprotein synthesis, corresponding to the classical germ layers. Xenopus embryos at this stage show a higher degree of mosaicism. Changes of glycoprotein synthesis in response to mesodermal or neural induction follow the predicted course depending on the regional character of the induced tissue. The regional binding patterns of a number of lectins and monoclonal antibodies specific for particular carbohydrate determinants are presented and their significance discussed. PMID- 3913732 TI - Distribution of nuclear proteins during maturation of the Xenopus oocyte. AB - The internal structure of the Xenopus oocyte is reorganized during the hormone induced egg maturation. A cytological survey of the intracellular movements and changes is described. The behaviour of the nuclear lamina protein and of three nucleoplasmic proteins during these processes was studied by immunocytology. The proteins are finally deposited in the egg in different patterns brought about by their differential behaviour during the process of maturation. PMID- 3913733 TI - A review of the theories of vertebrate neurulation and their relationship to the mechanics of neural tube birth defects. AB - All of the published theories of neurulation, (some of them forgotten but never disproved), are reviewed for the purpose of assessing just where we are in coming to a satisfactory explanation of this critical step in the formation of the brain and spinal cord, whose occasional failure leads to neural tube birth defects. A new approach to evaluating these theories is introduced, namely finite element analysis, along with a discussion of its promise and present limitations. PMID- 3913735 TI - Maturation promoting factor and cell cycle regulation. AB - Cell cycles in early amphibian embryos are characterized by the absence of G1 and G2 phases. The simple cycle of S phase and mitosis does show similarities with other systems, particularly in the presence of cytoplasmic components advancing nuclei into DNA synthesis and mitosis. Maturation-promoting factor induces nuclear envelope breakdown and subsequent chromosome condensation. Cytoplasmic factors appear during maturation which are capable of inducing DNA synthesis, and arrest of the nuclear division cycle in metaphase (cytostatic factor). The timing of appearance of these activities is considered and their relationship in integrating DNA synthesis during early cleavage is discussed. PMID- 3913734 TI - Recent advances in our understanding of the temporal control of early embryonic development in amphibians. AB - Recent studies on temporal control of early amphibian development are reviewed. It is becoming clear that the development of an embryo is not timed by a single clock set in motion at fertilization, instead each developmental event seems to be timed by its own clock-like mechanism. The timing of developmental events is rigidly determined within embryonic cells, and usually can not be altered experimentally. One exception, however, is the timing of midblastula transition in amphibian embryos; recent studies have shown that its timing is regulated by the nucleocytoplasmic ratio. Several developmental events, particularly those associated with transcriptional activities, require DNA replication prior to their occurrence, suggesting an intimate relationship between DNA replication cycles and their onset. On the other hand, there are many other developmental events where timing is not controlled by the number of cell divisions, DNA replication cycles, or the nucleocytoplasmic ratio. Cytoplasmic machinery with autonomous oscillatory properties is thought to be involved in the timing of these events. PMID- 3913736 TI - [Award of the Scherer Medal to Johannes Buttner and Dankwart Stamm]. PMID- 3913737 TI - [Development of clinical chemistry in the interdisciplinary area between medicine and chemistry]. AB - After viewing the rise of "scientific medicine" around the middle of the previous century, it is shown how the new subject of clinical chemistry arose as an interdiscipline by the constant interaction of organic chemistry and medicine. From this historical perspective, certain conclusions are drawn that are relevant to present-day clinical chemistry. PMID- 3913738 TI - Comparison of several atherogenicity indices by the analysis of serum lipoprotein composition in patients with chronic renal failure with or without haemodialysis, and in renal transplant patients. AB - We investigated serum lipoproteins in uraemic and kidney transplant patients, and compared the results with those from normal persons. In uraemic patients, with or without haemodialysis, and in kidney transplant patients, the ratio of HDL cholesterol to total cholesterol minus HDL-cholesterol, the ratio of HDL phospholipids to total phospholipids minus HDL-phospholipids, and the ratio of apolipoprotein A to apolipoprotein B are all decreased, though to different extents, when compared with healthy control subjects. Furthermore, important differences exist in the relative HDL composition between the 3 patient groups and healthy control subjects. Thus, the ratio of apolipoprotein A/HDL-cholesterol and that of HDL-cholesterol/HDL-phospholipids are significantly altered in uraemic haemodialyzed patients, while the ratio of apolipoprotein A/HDL phospholipids is normal. By contrast, the 3 ratios are normal in uraemic undialyzed patients, and the 2 ratios, apolipoprotein A/HDL-cholesterol and apolipoprotein A/HDL-phospholipids are normal in renal transplant patients. The last ratio, HDL-cholesterol/HDL-phospholipids, is increased in this group of patients. Thus, it appears that HDL-cholesterol, HDL-phospholipids, and total apolipoprotein A represent different aspects of the same lipoprotein. The determination of all three parameters could lead to a different approach in the evaluation of the so-called cardiovascular risk, at least for uraemic patients and renal transplant patients. PMID- 3913739 TI - Optimization of the urinary acid alpha-glucosidase determination. AB - The optimization of the method for acid alpha-glucosidase determination (EC 3.2.1.3) in human urines, employing the synthetic substrate 4-nitrophenyl-alpha-D glucopyranoside, is reported. Storage conditions of the specimens and their pretreatment were particularly investigated. The precision of the whole analytical procedure (including gel filtration) is good (within-run CV = 7.4% for normal samples and 3.7% for elevated ones). The correlation with the method using maltose as substrate is excellent (y = -0.01 + 0.13 x; r = 0.9893). PMID- 3913740 TI - Further studies on the subcellular distribution of Cd2+ in Cd-sensitive and Cd resistant strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - When a Cd-resistant strain (301 N) and a Cd-sensitive strain (101 N) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were incubated in medium containing Cd2+, a large proportion of the cellular Cd2+ was found in the cytosol of strain 301 N, but not in that of strain 101 N. Approximately 65% of the cellular Cd2+ was released from strain 301 N after treatment with chitosan, which affects cell membrane permeability. About 80% of the cellular Cd2+ released from strain 301 N by chitosan treatment was detected in a 30 000-10 000 molecular weight fraction prepared by ultrafiltration. The distribution of Cd2+ into the cytosol in strain 301 N was inhibited in the presence of cycloheximide. The proportion of cellular Cu2+ or Zn2+ present in the cytosol after incubation with these ions was similar for the two strains (about 40%). PMID- 3913741 TI - Discrimination by heat and proteinase treatments between flocculent phenotypes conferred on Saccharomyces cerevisiae by the genes FLO1 and FLO5. AB - The effects of elevated temperature and of digestion with a variety of proteinases on the flocforming ability of flocculent strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, both genetically defined (FLO1 and FLO5) laboratory and genetically undefined brewing strains, have been determined. This has permitted classification of the flocculent phenotypes of these strains according to criteria other than quantitative grading of flocculence. The flocculent phenotypes conferred by both the FLO1 and the FLO5 gene were irreversibly lost upon treatment with pronase, proteinase K, trypsin or 2-mercaptoethanol treatments. However, the floc-forming ability of cells of the FLO1 strain ABXL-1D was destroyed by chymotrypsin digestion and was stable to incubation at 70 degrees C, whereas the floc-forming ability of cells of the FLO5 strain ABXR-11A was resistant to the action of chymotrypsin and was heat labile. Tetrad analysis of a cross of these FLO1 and FLO5 strains indicated that the chymotrypsin and heat sensitivity phenotypes were FLO-gene determined. It appears that expression of the FLO1 and FLO5 genes leads to the production of different and characteristic cell-wall proteins underlying their respective flocculent phenotypes. PMID- 3913742 TI - Fosfomycin causes transient lysis in Escherichia coli strains carrying fosfomycin resistance plasmids. AB - Escherichia coli cells carrying fosfomycin-resistance plasmids show high levels of resistance towards this drug. However, the plasmid-carrying strains exhibited a transient lytic phase induced by fosfomycin when grown in rich liquid media. This lytic phase was not observed if the cells were grown in liquid minimal media. Fosfomycin-induced lysis depended on the accumulation of drug inside the bacteria, presumably as a result of the saturation of the fosfomycin modification system. Growth recovery after lysis was not due to drug inactivation in the culture medium and could be explained by selection of mutants showing impaired fosfomycin transport when high concentrations of fosfomycin were used. However, there was no selection of mutants with low drug concentrations. PMID- 3913743 TI - Ethanol-induced germ tube formation in Candida albicans. AB - Ethanol is the first reported compound which can induce germ tube formation in Candida albicans without the addition of any nitrogen-containing nutrients. Conditions controlling induction of germ tubes in C. albicans by ethanol were investigated. Ethanol (17.1 mM) in buffered salts solution containing sodium bicarbonate induced 70 to 80% of yeast phase cells of C. albicans to form germ tubes. Germ tubes could be induced by ethanol (0.08 to 340 mM) at temperatures ranging from 29 to 41 degrees C (optimum 37 degrees C) and at pH values ranging from 3.0 to 8.0 (optimum 5.75). The germ tubes averaged 11 micron in length after 6 h at 37 degrees C. The percentage of cells forming germ tubes decreased as the concentration of cells in the induction solution was increased above 4 X 10(5) cells ml-1. Germ tubes first appeared 45 to 60 min after continuous exposure to ethanol at 37 degrees C and all cells which formed germ tubes did so by 2 h. Germ tube length decreased as the pH was increased but was independent of the concentration of ethanol. Oxygen was required for germ tube formation. In addition to ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol and acetic acid could induce germ tube formation, whereas methanol could not. These results indicate that the cells must mobilize their endogenous nitrogen and probably carbohydrate reserves in order to initiate formation of germ tubes. The evidence is inconclusive as to whether ethanol itself must be metabolized for germ tube induction to occur, although it is not thought to act by a nonspecific interaction with the cell membrane. PMID- 3913744 TI - Damage to chromosomal and plasmid DNA by toxic oxygen species. AB - Bacterial DNA was incubated with xanthine plus xanthine oxidase plus excess iron as an oxygen-species-generating system, and DNA injury was measured by agarose gel electrophoresis and by the ability of the DNA to transform competent bacteria. After 5 to 10 min incubation, the covalently closed circular form of plasmid DNA was converted into the open circular form, and after 30 min, to some extent into the linear form. Biological activity, measured as the number of transformed bacteria, decreased rapidly after 10 min incubation. Incubation of chromosomal DNA with the enzymic oxygen-species-generating system resulted in the degradation of DNA to small fragments within about 1 h. Excess iron was essential for the damaging effect of xanthine plus xanthine oxidase. Damage to DNA could be prevented by oxygen scavengers such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, mannitol and thiourea. Our results suggest that hydroxyl radical is the injurious oxidant for bacterial DNA, and that it can mediate physicochemical as well as biological alterations in DNA. PMID- 3913745 TI - Measurement of ATP generation and decay in Mycobacterium leprae in vitro. AB - The intracellular ATP content of Mycobacterium leprae isolated from armadillo tissue was approximately 1.5 X 10(-16) g per bacillus. During in vitro incubation of bacilli at 4 degrees C, 33 degrees C or 37 degrees C there was an exponential decrease in ATP content, the rate depending on the medium and the temperature. M. leprae incorporated phosphate into ATP and into other nucleotide materials during in vitro incubation. PMID- 3913746 TI - Methodologies of affective classification. AB - Three methodologies to classify the affective domain are reviewed: phenetic, cladistic, and ontological. The merits and seeming deficiencies of these approaches are analyzed, and illustrative applications of these methodologies are presented. A systems analysis of the affective domain is proposed as most adequately performing the classification functions of grouping elements to emphasize their autonomy and homonomy, indicate their nature and degree of relatedness, and structurally represent abstract conceptualizations of this domain. PMID- 3913747 TI - Synaptic terminals in the ventroposterolateral nucleus of the thalamus from neurons in the dorsal column and lateral cervical nuclei: an electron microscopic study in the cat. AB - The afferent fibres to the ventroposterolateral nucleus (VPL) of the contralateral thalamus from neurons in the dorsal column nuclei (DCN) and the lateral cervical nucleus (LCN) were labelled by anterograde transport of wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase conjugate and subsequent histochemical processing with tetramethyl benzidine. In accordance with the results of previous light microscopical studies using the degeneration method or autoradiographic tracing technique, the distribution of the afferents from the DCN and LCN in the VPL differed considerably. Thus the DCN terminals, which were calculated to constitute about 7-8% of the total number of boutons in the VPL, were found throughout the entire VPL, whereas the LCN terminals were mainly located in its dorsal and dorsolateral parts, where they made up about 1% of the total number of boutons. However, the morphology and synaptic organization of the terminals from the DCN and LCN were virtually identical. Thus the synaptic terminals of the two afferent pathways seemed to be represented by large boutons of a similar type, which had large, slightly oval and loosely packed synaptic vesicles and contained numerous mitochondria. Both DCN and LCN terminals synapsed preferentially on medium-sized to large dendrites, but were also presynaptic to other vesicle containing profiles, probably of internuncial origin, which in turn were in synaptic contact with the same dendrites as the labelled ones. It is suggested that the differences in physiological properties between the somatosensory information that is transmitted to the somatosensory cortex via the dorsal column medial lemniscus pathway and the spino-cervico-thalamic tract do not seem to have a counterpart in differences in the synaptic organization of their relay in the VPL. PMID- 3913748 TI - Choline acetyltransferase immunoreactivity is localized to four types of synapses in the rat interpeduncular nucleus. AB - The cholinergic synapses of the rat interpeduncular nucleus (IPN) were demonstrated by immunostaining that utilized a monoclonal antibody directed against choline acetyltransferase. The rostral, central, intermediate and lateral subnuclei of the IPN each contained a single type of immunoreactive terminal. Immunoreactivity was localized to synaptic vesicle membranes (especially at the contact zones), and longitudinal microtubules in preterminal portions of axons. Terminals were identified by comparison to previous studies of the synaptic organization of the IPN. In the rostral subnucleus, the immunoreactive terminals were characterized by their content of spherical vesicles, 45 nm in diameter, intermixed with moderate numbers of dense-cored vesicles, 75-100 nm in diameter. These terminals formed asymmetrical contacts. They correspond to the more numerous of the two types of axodendritic terminals described in this subnucleus, i.e. those which degenerate after lesions of the habenula. The moderate number of immunoreactive terminals in the lateral subnucleus contained pleomorphic vesicles, 30-45 nm in diameter. Up to three of these formed symmetrical contacts with individual dendrites, which ranged in diameter from 0.35 to 0.55 micron. The other types of axodendritic terminal in this subnucleus, which often contacted the same dendrites, were unstained. These latter terminals have been interpreted as being those which contain substance P. The immunoreactive terminals in the diameter, and formed markedly asymmetrical en passant contacts with small dendritic processes or spines. The immunoreactive terminals in the intermediate subnucleus had the same presynaptic and contact morphology. Many were clearly crest synapses. The remainder appeared to be such, but seen only partially within the plane of section. In the intermediate subnucleus there were up to several hundred immunostained terminals per grid square in some sections. These findings are consistent with the existence of a dense cholinergic projection to the IPN. The habenular region, are shown to crest and S synapses, both of which generate after lesions of the cholinergic innervation of other subnuclei of the IPN increases understanding of the relation of cholinergic to other transmitters localized to various portions of this nucleus. PMID- 3913749 TI - History of blood gas analysis. I. The development of electrochemistry. AB - In 1982 Poul Astrup, in writing a history of acid base balance and blood gases, invited me to contribute a chapter about the modern period, from 1950 to the present. Astrup's book is scheduled for publication at the end of 1985 by Radiometer Company of Copenhagen; it will be distributed by Munksgaard (Blackwell). The story of blood gas analysis since 1950 is vast: there are some 420 references to methodology and closely related physiology. This "modern" history will appear in the Journal of Clinical Monitoring as a series of essays. This first essay centers on electrochemistry, the basis of modern blood gas analysis, and accordingly examines its roots in more detail. The 17th and 18th century exploration of electricity and gas laws led to the development of thermodynamic electrochemistry in 1887 through the collaborative efforts of van't Hoff, Arrhenius, Ostwald, and Nernst. The importance of the hydrogen ion in biology and in the body's buffering mechanisms was worked out by Henderson, Van Slyke, Barcroft, and many others in the first quarter of this century. The glass electrode became available after 1925, but practical blood pH measurement was introduced in the 1950s by Astrup and Siggaard Andersen. Succeeding essays will concern micro pH methods and base excess analysis, the discoveries of Stow's CO2 electrode and Clark's O2 electrode, the development of oximetry, and related physiology. PMID- 3913751 TI - Stereotactic radiosurgery of intracranial tumors in childhood. AB - The Authors have developed an original stereotactic technique by which the radiation dose erogated by a 4 MV linear accelerator is focused into the target volume with a steep dose gradient at its borders. The technique has been employed in a series of 30 patients affected by deep seated brain tumors and AVMs. The paper deals with the preliminary results obtained in a series of 10 patients in pediatric age. PMID- 3913750 TI - History of blood gas analysis. II. pH and acid-base balance measurements. AB - Electrometric measurement of the hydrogen ion concentration was discovered by Wilhelm Ostwald in Leipzig about 1890 and described thermodynamically by his student Walther Nernst, using the van't Hoff concept of osmotic pressure as a kind of gas pressure, and the Arrhenius concept of ionization of acids, both of which had been formalized in 1887. Hasselbalch, after adapting the pH nomenclature of Sorensen to the carbonic-acid mass equation of Henderson, made the first actual blood pH measurements (with a hydrogen electrode) and proposed that metabolic acid-base imbalance be quantified as the "reduced" pH of blood after equilibration to a carbon dioxide tension (PCO2) of 40 mm Hg. This good idea, coming 40 years before simple blood pH measurements at 37 degrees C became widely available, was never adopted. Instead, Van Slyke developed a concept of acid-base chemistry that depended on measuring plasma CO2 content with his manometric apparatus, a standard method until the 1960s, when it was displaced by the three-electrode method of blood gas analysis. The 1952 polio epidemic in Copenhagen stimulated Astrup to develop a glass electrode in which pH could be measured in blood at 37 degrees C before and after equilibration with known PCO2. He introduced the interpolative measurement of PCO2 and bicarbonate level (later base excess) using only pH measurements and, with Siggaard-Andersen, developed clinical acid-base chemistry. Controversy arose when blood base excess was noted to be altered by acute changes in PCO2 and when abnormalities of base excess were called metabolic acidosis or alkalosis, even when they represented compensation for respiratory abnormalities in PCO2. In the 1970s it became clear that "in vivo" or "extracellular fluid" base excess (measured at an average extracellular fluid hemoglobin concentration of 5 g) eliminated the error caused by acute changes in PCO2. Base excess is now almost universally used as the index of nonrespiratory acid-base imbalance. PMID- 3913752 TI - Serotonin precursors in chronic primary headache. A double-blind cross-over study with L-5-hydroxytryptophan vs. placebo. AB - Serotonin (5-HT) plays a crucial role in mediating the descending pain inhibitory systems and in the pathophysiology of migraine. Previous studies regarding the use of 5-Hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), the active precursor of 5-HT, in the treatment of Chronic Primary Headache (CPH) have been inconclusive so far. In order to assess the efficacy of the serotonin active precursor in chronic headache prophylaxis, a double-blind cross-over study has been carried out in 31 patients with CPH, comparing L-5-HTP to placebo. Clinical syndromes included: (a) migraine (16 patients); (b) mixed headache (6 patients); (c) psychogenic headache (5 patients); (d) muscle contraction headache (4 patients). L-5-HTP was administered for two months at daily doses of 400 mg p.o. The reduction in severity and frequency of headache in patients taking the active drug and placebo was noted. Mood patterns were also taken into consideration. L-5-HTP proved to be more effective than placebo in reducing both headache frequency and severity, but the difference was not statistically significant. Favourable responses (greater than 50% average reduction in headache symptoms) were obtained in 48% of the cases after the second month of treatment. No significant difference in therapeutic response was observed as related to different clinical syndromes, except for psychogenic headache patients, who responded poorly to the active drug. Side effects, experienced in 19% of the cases, were generally mild and transient. We conclude that L-5-HTP is a medication of moderate efficacy and remarkable safety, providing us with another alternative approach to CPH prophylaxis. PMID- 3913753 TI - Postdate pregnancy. Part I. A literature review. PMID- 3913754 TI - Postdate pregnancy. Part II. Clinical implications. PMID- 3913755 TI - Interactions between the sympathetic nervous system and the kidney: experimental observations. AB - Increasing evidence suggests that the renal nerves may contribute to the pathogenesis of several types of experimental hypertension. It has been demonstrated that renal denervation can either attenuate the severity or delay the development of hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), in DOCA salt treated rats and in renovascular hypertensive rats. On the other hand, intrarenal administration of catecholamines has been shown to elicit an increase in systemic arterial pressure as long as the infusion is continued. The underlying mechanisms by which renal nerves might participate in the regulation of cardiovascular homeostasis have not been entirely clarified. It is known that efferent renal nerve activity, by exerting a direct influence on renal arteriolar tone, renin release and sodium and water excretion, can interfere with the control of arterial pressure by modifying peripheral resistances, circulating angiotensin II and volume balance. In addition, a role of afferent renal nerve activity in cardiovascular control and, possibly, in the pathogenesis of renovascular hypertension, has recently been proposed after the demonstration of mechano- and chemoreceptors inside the kidney. Indeed, blood pressure is reflexly influenced either by several manoeuvres applied to the kidney or by the electrical stimulation of afferent renal nerve fibres. Afferent and efferent renal nerve activity appear to be closely related since recent experiments by our group have provided further evidence of the existence of neural renorenal reflexes by which one kidney exerts a tonic inhibitory effect on the release of renin from juxtaglomerular cells and on tubular sodium and water reabsorption of the contralateral kidney. PMID- 3913756 TI - Clonidine in mild to moderate hypertension: effects on blood pressure and serum lipoproteins. AB - Fifty-nine patients with primary hypertension, WHO stages I and II, participated in a 6-month multicentre, single-blind study to evaluate the effects of small doses of clonidine (75-300 micrograms daily) on blood pressure (BP) and serum lipoproteins. The investigation started with a dose-titration period. The mean BP values when the patients were receiving placebo were 166/104 +/- 14/5 (s.d.) mmHg supine and 162/106 +/- 14/6 mmHg standing. The mean BP values at the end of the study were 151/92 +/- 13/6 mmHg supine and 144/95 +/- 11/6 mmHg standing. A diastolic BP of less than 95 mmHg was achieved in 34 patients with a dose of less than 150 micrograms clonindine daily. Eight patients required a higher dose to achieve this level and in 10 a thiazide diuretic was added. The mean daily dose for the whole series was 148 micrograms clonindine/day. Serum lipoproteins were determined by ultracentrifugation in 23 previously untreated patients with hypertension. Serum cholesterol increased by 6% and a small decrease in low density lipoprotein-serum triglycerides (LDL-TG) was registered. No other significant changes were observed during clonidine treatment compared with placebo in the very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), low density lipoproteins (LDL) and high density lipoproteins (HDL). Adverse side effects were mild and tolerable, and consisted mostly of dryness of the mouth and fatigue. mouth and fatigue. It is concluded that clonidine in small doses significantly lowers the BP with no adverse effect on serum lipoproteins. PMID- 3913757 TI - Cardiovascular and hormonal effects of clonidine in patients with essential hypertension and renal hypertension. AB - The putative role of the central nervous system in the maintenance of elevated blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension (EH) and renal hypertension [unilateral renal parenchymal disease (RPD) and unilateral renal artery stenosis (RAS)] was studied by investigating the cardiovascular and hormonal effects of the predominantly centrally acting sympatholytic agent, clonidine. Oral clonidine lowered blood pressure substantially in all three groups. Levels of plasma renin activity were unchanged in EH and RAS but progressively fell in RPD. Plasma noradrenaline levels fell in all three groups. Clonidine therefore reduced blood pressure to the same extent in three distinct groups of hypertensives, in two of which the initiating cause was undoubtedly renal. This indicates that, although the primary cause differed, a prominent factor sustaining hypertension may have been an increase or an inappropriate maintenance of central pressor mechanisms. PMID- 3913758 TI - Reduced activity of locus coeruleus neurons in hypertensive rats. AB - The effect of blood pressure on the neuronal activity of the locus coeruleus (LC) was investigated by means of electrophysiological techniques in rats anaesthetized with chloral hydrate. The mean neuronal discharge rate of noradrenergic neurons of the LC was reduced by 19% in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and by 25% in deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertensive rats compared with their corresponding controls. The cellular activity of 27 out of 40 neurons was reversibly suppressed by acute, peripherally induced blood pressure increases in normotensive rats. Five neurons were reversibly activated and eight neurons were not affected. Conversely, acute decreases in blood pressure stimulated the neuronal activity of the LC in 10 out of 16 neurons. These findings support the hypothesis of the LC having a role in both short and long term regulation of blood pressure. PMID- 3913759 TI - Prognosis of periodontal disease. PMID- 3913760 TI - Osseointegration with implant prosthodontics. PMID- 3913761 TI - [T lymphocyte subsets and NK cells in patients with malignant head and neck tumors--analysis using the FACS]. PMID- 3913762 TI - Immunohistochemical assessment of melatonin binding in the pineal gland. AB - Melatonin binding in the pineal gland of albino rats is estimated using an immunohistochemical procedure. Binding is saturable, has relatively high affinity (Apparent KD = 2.7 nM), and competition studies indicate binding of indoleamines possessing an N-acetyl group on the terminus of the side chain (N-acetylserotonin and melatonin). These data are consistent with the interpretation that immunohistochemically determined melatonin in unfixed pineal tissue is assessing binding of N-acetylated indolealkylamines to pineal cell components. In albino rats maintained on 12-hour light: 12-hour dark cycles, melatonin binding exhibits a diurnal rhythm with low levels of saturation (30%) early in the light and saturation by endogenous melatonin near the onset of darkness. An annual rhythm of melatonin binding was observed in albino rats with low levels during the summer and high levels during the winter. Other rats were maintained on 12-hour light:dark cycles and fed for 2 hours either early in the light period or early in the dark period. For both morning- and evening-fed animals, melatonin binding was high prior to feeding and dropped immediately after feeding. Changes in melatonin binding that occur in response to alterations of feeding and time of year suggest the possibility that this binding reflects a functional site for melatonin. PMID- 3913763 TI - Postprandial thermogenesis and hormonal release in lean and obese subjects. AB - One group of 10 obese people (1.72 times normal weight) was compared to a control group of 9 normal-weight subjects. Oxygen consumption (VO2), immuno reactive growth hormone (IRGH), and rectal temperature (Tre) were measured every 15 min on an average, during the 5 h following a protein meal composed of 6 egg-whites and 50 g of casein totaling 1 340 kJ. The results show that postprandial thermogenesis (PPT) is the same in both groups: maximum increase in VO2 averages 15% in the obese and 16% in the control groups respectively. Energy expenditure integrated over the 5 h was 129 kJ for the obese and 114 kJ for the control subjects, i.e. 9.6% and 8.5% of the energy meal content. The rise in Tre was identical for both groups (0.4 degrees C over 3 h). For IRGH, the preprandial reference figures were much lower in the obese: 52 pmole.dm-3, as compared to 145 pmole.dm-3. In all control subjects, the protein meal resulted in a IRGH peak of, on average, 455 pmole.dm-3 about 2 h after. This was not observed in 4 of the obese subjects, while in the remaining 6, the mean peak value was 165 pmole.dm-3, occurring after 1 h. The other hormonal or chemical compound simultaneously analysed (glucagon, cortisol, PRL, T3, glucose, lactate, NEFA) do not show any significant variations but insulin blood level for which a postprandial increase was measured in both groups. It is concluded that after a protein test meal: PPT in overweight people is no different from that in people of normal weight.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3913765 TI - Perforated peptic ulcer in North-East Scotland 1972-1981. Part 2: Definitive treatment or oversew? PMID- 3913764 TI - [Nervous regulation of the metabolism]. PMID- 3913766 TI - [Magnetic resonance imaging of the pelvic area. Preliminary results]. AB - Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is chiefly characterized by its natural contrast and by its capability of producing images in the three spatial directions. Although nearly all pathological tumors have prolonged T1 and T2 relaxation times and therefore it seems to be difficult to distinguish them one from another, significant pathological particularities can be obtained by comparing T1 and T2 weighted images. MRI is of particular interest to provide morphologic data and to demonstrate the relationship of tumors to vascular axes. Furthermore information in three dimensions (scans along transaxial, sagittal and coronal planes) is compared to produce a detailed morphological analysis of the tumor and of the adjacent structures. 0,5 T imaging was performed in 25 patients with pathologic pelvis and in 5 normal volunteers. PMID- 3913767 TI - [Comparison between ultrasonic and x-ray computed tomographic measurements of femoral antetorsion in children]. AB - The measurements of femoral torsion by ultrasounds have been performed in both hips of 10 patients according to the technique proposed by Zarate et al. The measurements with CT were done in the same patients according to a technique similar to that used by Hernandez et al. The correlation between US and CT is excellent as far as the minutest particulars of the technique are followed for US examination. The authors recommend ultrasounds, as a non irradiating, non aggressive procedure for the measurement of femoral torsion. US must replace both conventional X-ray and CT for femoral torsion assessment. PMID- 3913769 TI - [Value of the sitting position for studying suprahepatic veins by ultrasonography]. AB - Ultrasound imaging of suprahepatic veins was conducted in 50 patients in the sitting and lying down positions and under the same respiratory conditions. Results showed that the sitting down position was frequently useful during exploration of suprahepatic veins, and it should be performed whenever visibility in the lying down position in unsatisfactory. PMID- 3913768 TI - [Ultrasonic evaluation of the urinary tract in patients with spinal cord injuries. Systematic comparison with intravenous urography in 50 cases]. AB - Intravenous urography and ultrasonography were performed routinely, and at the same time, in 50 patients with spinal cord injuries, to compare diagnostic efficacy. Ultrasound was found to be as reliable as intravenous urography in 92% of renal and bladder explorations and to supply additional data on these regions in 6% of cases. It was also found to be equally effective for ureteral dilatation cases, although the site and nature of the obstacle could not be established except in 66% of patients. Ultrasound imaging should therefore play an important role in the urologic surveillance of these patients. PMID- 3913770 TI - Clinical pharmacology of very low dose methotrexate for use in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - The clinical pharmacokinetics of methotrexate, particularly when the drug is used at low doses for nonmalignant disease, are complicated and require extensive study. Bioavailability of the drug may be influenced--at least in part--by food intake. Biliary excretion can compensate for decreased renal excretion of methotrexate to some degree. However, further studies of the renal excretion of methotrexate are needed. PMID- 3913771 TI - Drug interactions with methotrexate. AB - General mechanisms of drug interactions are reviewed, as well as the effects of various drugs on the absorption, distribution, protein binding, eliminations and cellular transport of methotrexate. Published studies demonstrate that prior or concomitant administration of other drugs can alter the efficacy and toxicity of methotrexate. Nonabsorbable antibiotics can decrease methotrexate absorption. Nephrotoxic drugs can decrease methotrexate renal clearance. Salicylates and probenecid may decrease the plasma protein binding and renal tubular secretion of methotrexate. However, the clinical significance of many of these drug interactions is not known or has not been substantiated by extensive clinical observations. PMID- 3913772 TI - Short term efficacy of methotrexate in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Methotrexate is easily administered, widely accepted by patients, and has a rapid therapeutic effect. With careful attention to known risk factors, such as alcoholism, diabetes, obesity, and renal disease, it is a useful agent for the treatment of refractory rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Although rheumatologists have been using methotrexate in the treatment of RA for some time, controlled studies have been needed to establish the safety and efficacy of this agent. This paper will review the findings of the Cooperating Clinics of the American Rheumatism Association, as well as other studies that have investigated the short term efficacy of methotrexate. PMID- 3913773 TI - Longterm methotrexate therapy in rheumatoid arthritis: a review. AB - A review of the literature on the longterm use of methotrexate in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) showed that many questions on protocol remain unanswered. Although rheumatologists have adopted certain guidelines previously followed by dermatologists for psoriasis patients, rheumatology literature offers no set of rules for using the drug in treating patients with RA. The use of liver function tests and liver biopsy specimens to predict and assess hepatotoxicity associated with methotrexate use is also discussed. PMID- 3913774 TI - Historical perspective on the use of methotrexate for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Aminopterin, a folic acid analogue was first reported in 1948 to produce temporary remission of acute leukemia of children, was also reported in 1951 to produce an important and rapid improvement in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and psoriasis. By 1972, low dose pulse methotrexate was observed to be useful in RA, but it was not until 1980 that additional beneficial effects of methotrexate in the treatment of patients with refractory RA appeared in the literature. Subsequently, both uncontrolled experience and double blind prospective trials have demonstrated efficacy and acceptable tolerability and safety of methotrexate in the treatment of patients with RA. Guidelines for its use in patients with RA still need to be developed. PMID- 3913775 TI - Toxicity of low dose methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - The efficacy and acceptability of low dose weekly methotrexate therapy in rheumatoid arthritis was reviewed in 587 patients in open and randomized trials. Gastrointestinal toxicity was reported most frequently. Bone marrow suppression, stomatitis, alopecia, headaches, and fever also occurred. A review of these adverse reactions, as well as of the effects of this drug on the reproductive, renal, and pulmonary systems, is discussed. PMID- 3913777 TI - Study on the metabolism of volatile hydrocarbons in mice--propane, n-butane, and iso-butane. AB - A study was conducted to establish whether volatile hydrocarbons, such as propane, n-butane and iso-butane, are metabolized in mice or not. In mice having inhaled these gases, isopropanol and acetone were yielded from propane, sec butanol and methyl ethyl ketone from n-butane, and tert-butanol from iso-butane as the respective metabolites. In addition, liver microsomes were found to contain the enzymic system participating in these metabolisms. In vitro reactions with liver microsomes produced isopropanol from propane, sec-butanol from n butane, and tert-butanol from iso-butane. It was assumed that hydrocarbons were first converted to (omega-1)-alcohols by microsomal enzyme system and then to corresponding ketones by alcohol dehydrogenase. PMID- 3913778 TI - Investigation of the 50 S ribosomal subunit by electron microscopy and image analysis. AB - In electron micrographs of 50 S (large) subunits from Escherichia coli ribosomes, the highly preferred crown view is inferred to represent the roughly hemispherical particle lying with its flat or concave face against the carbon film. Single particle averaging allows the reproducible details of the crown view particle to be recognized. Multivariate image analysis shows the most variable morphological features of this view to be the two side protrusions, the L7/L12 stalk and the L1 ridge, both of which show apparent positional variations. The invariance of the features of the particle body implies that the movements of the side protrusions are not merely a result of perspective changes produced by major rotations of the particle body out of its quasistable, flat-lying position. A bending point localized on the L7/L12 stalk is conjectured to represent a functional "hinge" that may be related to the secondary/tertiary structure of the L7/L12 dimeric protein. PMID- 3913776 TI - Stability of transmembrane regions in bacteriorhodopsin studied by progressive proteolysis. AB - Proteinase K digestions of bacteriorhodopsin were carried out with the aim of characterizing the membrane-embedded regions of the protein. Products of digestions for two, eight or 24 hours were separated by high-pressure liquid chromotography. A computerized search procedure was used to compare the amino acid analyses of peptide-containing peaks with segments of the bacteriorhodopsin sequence. Molecular weight distributions of the products were determined by sodium dodecylsulfate-urea polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The structural integrity of the protein after digestion was monitored through the visible absorption spectrum, by X-ray diffraction of partially dried membranes, and by following release of biosynthetically-incorporated 3H leucine from the digested membranes. During mild proteolysis, bacteriorhodopsin was cleaved near the amino and carboxyl termini and at two internal regions previously identified as being accessible to the aqueous medium. Longer digestion resulted in cleavage at new sites. Under conditions where no fragments of bacteriorhodopsin larger than 9000 mol wt were observed, a significant proportion of the digested membranes retained diffraction patterns similar to those of native purple membranes. The harshest digestion conditions led to complete loss of the X-ray diffraction patterns and optical absorption and to release of half the hydrophobic segments of the protein from the membrane in the form of small soluble peptides. Upon cleavage of aqueous loop regions of the protein, isolated transmembrane segments may experience motion in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the membrane, allowing them access to protease. PMID- 3913779 TI - A follow-up study of throat carriers of streptococci among schoolchildren in Otsu City. AB - Studies on the prevalence of beta-hemolytic streptococci in throats among primary school children were performed in Otsu City. In the first study, evidence of streptococcal infections was investigated in 41373 children of first grade of all primary schools for the 13 years from 1970 to 1982. An average of 12.2% of the strains isolated belonged to group A. The order of frequency of the other Groups was B, C and G respectively. The most predominant type of Group A streptococci was Type 12. In the second study, evidence of streptococcal infections was investigated in 87 children of the first grade of one primary school for the 5 years from 1977 to 1982. Throat cultures were repeated four times a year during the period of five years. Entire negative throat cultures over a 5-year period were observed in only 4 children. The prevalence of beta-hemolytic streptococci and Group A streptococci in throats were higher than those observed in the first study. The predominant types of Group A were Types 1, 6 and 28, although the relative predominance of these Types varied at different times during 5 years. High serum ASO titers were observed in the children who harbored Type 6 strains of Group A streptococci in throats. In 5 children Group A streptococci were frequently recovered from throats during the study period, and the same type of strains of Group A streptococci were isolated repeatedly. PMID- 3913780 TI - A new scoring system for diagnosis of streptopharyngitis. AB - From the clinical signs and symptoms of 145 cases of streptococcal pharyngitis and 126 cases of non-streptococcal pharyngitis, a new scoring system for diagnosis of streptococcal pharyngitis was devised. Efficacy of diagnosis for streptopharyngits by this method was 54% if a case had 5 items, 75% if he had 6 items and 93% if he had more than 7 items respectively. PMID- 3913782 TI - [Immunohistological detection of casein in normal skin tissues and vessels]. PMID- 3913781 TI - Estimation of antistreptococcal esterase in rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease. AB - In hemolytic streptococcal infection, a high ASE value in the absence of a rise in ASO has shown to occasionally occur. The relationship between ASO and ASE titers in rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease and the significance of these values was therefore studied. ASE values were measured by ASE Kit "Marupi" in 8 patients during the acute stage of rheumatic fever and in 9 patients with rheumatic heart disease, and then compared with the corresponding ASO values. Among the patients with rheumatic fever, a rise of ASO only was seen in 1 patient and a rise of ASE only was seen in another. In the remaining 6 patients, both ASE and ASO were elevated. Only in 1 patient with rheumatic heart disease was ASE found to be elevated. PMID- 3913783 TI - [Studies on superoxide dismutase in the human skin (1). Content of superoxide dismutase determined by enzyme immunoassay]. PMID- 3913784 TI - [Distribution of fibronectin and laminin in basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma]. PMID- 3913785 TI - [Electron microscopic study of the epidermis in acute graft versus host disease]. PMID- 3913786 TI - [Recent advances in the study of the mechanisms of silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis]. AB - A review was made on the recent advances in the study on the pathogenesis of silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Alveolar macrophages which ingest silica particles liberate a fibrogenic factor, which stimulates the production of collagen of cultured fibroblasts. Silica deposited in the alveoli augments the demand of macrophages, the supply of which is maintained by monocytes recruited from the bone marrow. Attempts to demonstrate in vitro the presence of a fibrogenic factor in the supernatant of macrophages have been made in many laboratories, and an in vivo model utilizing diffusion chambers implanted in mice has been used by some investigators. A fibrogenic factor has been isolated and purified from the medium of silica-treated macrophages. Recent advances in immunological studies have demonstrated that silica stimulates macrophages to release monokines such as interleukin 1 (IL-1) and that IL-1 has chemical properties identical to the fibrogenic factor, which enhances the level of collagen production by modulating the proliferation of fibroblasts. Silica inhibits the suppressive effects of macrophages on fibroblasts. The increased protein synthesis in the fibroblasts is due partly to increase in mRNA. Collagen synthesis is stimulated not only by the fibrogenic factor released from silica treated macrophages but also by the inhibition of macrophage ribonuclease activity. Information on the number of cells, collagen content and protease activity in the lung as well as in the bronchopulmonary lavage fluid has provided us a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis. PMID- 3913787 TI - The results of microbial mutation test for forty-three industrial chemicals. AB - The mutagenicity of 43 industrial chemicals in Salmonella typhimurium (TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537, and TA1538) and Escherichia coli (WP2uvrA) was examined. The output of these chemicals in Japan is more than a million kilograms per year. The mutation test was carried out under the condition of absence and presence of rat microsomal activation. Two chemicals, hexamethylenetetramine and 4,4' methylenediphenyldiisocyanate, showed mutagenic activity in S. typhimurium TA98 and TA100 by metabolic activation. Hexamethylenetetramine also showed mutagenic activity in TA98 without microsomal activation. No mutagenic activity was observed in the 41 chemicals including 4 volatile and gaseous compounds. PMID- 3913788 TI - A light and electron microscopic examination of Ehrlichia sennetsu in cultured human endothelial cells. AB - Umbilical cord-derived human endothelial cells were used for the propagation of Ehrlichia sennetsu. Scanning electron microscopic studies revealed numerous pleomorphic ehrlichiae extending from the surface of infected human endothelial cells. Transmission electron microscopic examination of the cells revealed E. sennetsu-induced cytopathic changes at the ultrastructural level. Ehrlichiae of variable size, shape and density were located individually and in clusters enclosed within membrane lined vacuoles. The cultured human endothelial cell provides an optimal environment for the growth of E. sennetsu and is a suitable in vitro model for the study of the cytopathic effects of this human pathogen. PMID- 3913789 TI - [Clinical studies on nephrotic syndrome after renal transplantation]. PMID- 3913790 TI - [The renin-angiotensin system in critically ill patients--the incidence of hypoaldosteronism and its pathogenesis]. PMID- 3913791 TI - [Exercise-induced renal dysfunction studied by 99mTc-DTPA in hypertensives and normotensive controls]. PMID- 3913793 TI - [The approach to an English monograph. Theoretical framework in experimental research]. PMID- 3913792 TI - [Measurement of split glomerular filtration rate by fractional renal uptake of Tc 99m DTPA]. PMID- 3913794 TI - Microfilaments in preretinal membrane cells of proliferative vitreoretinopathy. AB - Electron microscopy was carried out on 8 preretinal membranes surgically obtained from 8 patients after vitrectomy and on primary culture cell outgrowths from 6 preretinal membranes from 6 patients, with particular attention to the presence of actin. Actin was detected as microfilaments in the cultured cells and in the preretinal membrane cells as well, as confirmed by the arrowhead formation seen after heavy meromyosin treatment. The cultured cells and preretinal membranes were glycerinated, and exposed to ATP and Mg2+. With the ATP treatment the cultured cells were observed to contract, and intracellular microfilaments aggregated and formed contraction bands, which are known to be the product of interaction between actin and myosin. Parts of the preretinal membranes were also observed to contract after treatment; in the cells of the preretinal membranes the contraction bands were observed. It was concluded that the intracellular microfilaments in the cells of the preretinal membranes contain actin capable of contraction, thereby inducing contraction of the membrane which exerts traction on the retina. PMID- 3913795 TI - Developments in liver transplantation. AB - Liver transplantation has gained increasing interest. While liver grafting for tumor is successful over prolonged periods only in its early course, liver grafting for end-stage cirrhosis may lead to a long survival. Liver grafting in children is the most successful indication; in adults the results depend largely on timing and indication. Actual developments are mainly seen in the following points: a. Improvement in immunosuppression by use of Cyclosporin A. The resorption and metabolism of the drug, in relation to liver function, have to be carefully observed. b. The tendency to perform liver grafting electively instead of in emergency. c. Improvement in operative management, particularly the use of veno-venous bypass. d. The best possible anaesthesiological and intensive care management for the patients. It can be expected, that these developments will enable continuous improvement of results, particularly in an elective situation. One hundred and forty liver grafts have been done in our institution and the results are discussed herein. Progress in liver transplantation is marked by steadily growing numbers of liver grafts performed, and of centers performing grafts, as well as by improved success rates and the recommendation of the U.S. National Institutes of Health, based on discussions at a liver transplantation consent meeting, held in June 1983. This interest is also reflected in discussions among the medical and non-medical community. The first section of this paper will deal with the present state and results of liver grafting particularly, at our own institution and some actual developments in this field will be discussed. PMID- 3913796 TI - Modern surgical treatment of breast cancer. AB - Since the 1950's the treatment of breast cancer has changed substantially. This related surgery has become less disfiguring without either impairing survival or increasing recurrences. Adjuvant chemotherapy has also contributed. PMID- 3913797 TI - [Highlights in history of nursing after World War II. 14. Separation of Japanese Association of Midwives from JNA]. PMID- 3913798 TI - [Highlights in nursing history after World War II. 10. The XVIth ICN Congress in Tokyo]. PMID- 3913799 TI - [Isolation and care of leprosy patients--from the history of Europe]. PMID- 3913800 TI - [Highlights of nursing history after World War II. 11. Establishment of a nursing course in high school]. PMID- 3913801 TI - [Book reviews for nurses on death and dying]. PMID- 3913802 TI - [Highlights in nursing history after World War II. 12. Struggle by 2 nurses to win 8 night duties per month]. PMID- 3913803 TI - [History of nursing]. PMID- 3913804 TI - [Future of mankind]. PMID- 3913805 TI - [JNA annual convention and nursing education centennial]. PMID- 3913806 TI - [Highlights in the history of nursing after World War II. 13. Foundation of Japanese Association of Midwives, Nurses and Public Health Nurses and start of journal "Kango"]. PMID- 3913807 TI - [On Armistice Day]. PMID- 3913808 TI - [Minipress in congestive heart failure]. PMID- 3913809 TI - [Calcium and hypertension]. PMID- 3913810 TI - Ancient history of viral diseases in man. PMID- 3913811 TI - Serological O grouping, antibiotic susceptibility and production of enterotoxins in Escherichia coli strains isolated from piglets with diarrhea. PMID- 3913812 TI - Syntheses of selenium labeled compounds. I. The rapid biosyntheses of selenomethionine. PMID- 3913813 TI - [Autoregulation of retinal circulation]. PMID- 3913814 TI - [Experimental studies of tolerance of polyester materials produced in Poland]. PMID- 3913815 TI - [Surgical treatment of myopia. II. Refractive surgery]. PMID- 3913816 TI - [Serendipitous inventions in cataract surgery]. PMID- 3913817 TI - [Surgery of the vitreous body--in the past and today]. PMID- 3913818 TI - Studies on fetal movement and fetal heart rate changes at 20 to 32 weeks' gestation. PMID- 3913819 TI - The observation of pleural opacities by B mode ultrasonogram. PMID- 3913820 TI - Oncogenes. PMID- 3913822 TI - [New castable ceramics and their use]. PMID- 3913821 TI - [For a better fitting cast crown]. PMID- 3913823 TI - [Adjustment of the proximal clasp]. PMID- 3913824 TI - [Bonded bridge: trends and prospects]. PMID- 3913825 TI - Posterior composites. Part II. PMID- 3913827 TI - Hospitals in Lodz in the 19th and 20th centuries. PMID- 3913826 TI - The Auschwitz panels for stained-glass windows. PMID- 3913828 TI - [Factors determining the adherence of S. pyogenes to human epithelial cells]. PMID- 3913829 TI - [Physico-chemical properties of the cell surface of Streptococcus agalactiae]. PMID- 3913830 TI - The PBC-specific antigen. PMID- 3913831 TI - Clinical and prognostic relevance of different mitochondrial antibody profiles in primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). PMID- 3913832 TI - Autoreactivity against biliary tract antigens in primary biliary cirrhosis. PMID- 3913833 TI - The cellular pathology of primary biliary cirrhosis. PMID- 3913834 TI - The pathogenesis of primary biliary cirrhosis. PMID- 3913835 TI - The nonexistence of interpersonal utility scales. A missing link in medical decision theory? AB - Utility scales, as elicited by the usual methods, are personal and cannot be averaged across individuals. Unfortunately, the Maximum Expected Utility principle calls for such averaging whenever medical decisions affect several patients--as they generally do because of budget constraints--and whenever a patient's scale is uncertain, such as for a comatose patient. Interpretation of therapeutic trials is particularly problematic when examined in this light, as are psychiatric decisions involving mental incompetence. To overcome this deficiency, a supplementary equal-right-to-treatment principle seems necessary, but the proposals examined here clash with the patient's right to choose his own utility scale for valuation of prospective treatment outcomes. Perhaps the basic assumption that personal suffering cannot be measured on an interpersonal scale is too radical, but the counterproposal involves too many assumptions to appear convincing. These issues have received remarkably little attention, if any, in the medical decision making literature. PMID- 3913836 TI - Techniques of identifying competencies needed of doctors. PMID- 3913837 TI - The way we teach basic statistics in medicine. PMID- 3913838 TI - [Various aspects of hygienic standardization in the complex and combined effects of chemical compounds and their combinations with other harmful environmental factors]. PMID- 3913839 TI - [The hematopoietic system in laboratory animals exposed to benzene]. AB - The authors analysed, basing on literature, the mechanism of multitoxic effects of benzene and lesions in the peripheral blood of affected animals. The effects of chronic benzene poisoning upon erythrocytes and erythropoiesis, granulocytes and granulopoiesis, lymphocytes and lymphopoiesis, thrombocytes and thrombopoiesis were presented. Differences were pointed out in toxic effects of benzene varying with the kind, concentration and administration route of benzene and quantitative and qualitative differences in the fodder given to animals during the experiment. PMID- 3913840 TI - Cumulative subject index. Volumes 61-74, 76-80. PMID- 3913841 TI - [Detection, isolation and characterization of Bifidobacterium in free surface waters]. PMID- 3913842 TI - [Relation between respiratory stability and resistance to the suppressive effect of rho+ strains of S. cerevisiae]. PMID- 3913843 TI - Kinetics of dark repair inhibition in ultraviolet damaged DNA by substituted quinolines. AB - The effects of chloroquine on the kinetics of the dark repair process were investigated by employing a cellular system. Lineweaver-Burke plots and Dixon plots of chloroquine inhibition, respectively, showed that there was an increase in slope with increasing concentration of inhibitor which followed an enzyme-like pattern. These results are consistent with a model for excision-repair in which chloroquine may block the excision repair pathway. PMID- 3913844 TI - Effect of anaesthetics and dichlorodifluoromethane on the viability of the cells of Escherichia coli and the activities of some of its enzymes. AB - Three anaesthetics (halothane, CF3CHClBr; Ethrane, F2 HCOF2CCHClF; cyclopropane) and one other halogenated, short-chain hydrocarbon (F-12, Cl2F2C) were tested under various conditions to determine their effects on the viability of cells of Escherichia coli and the activities of some of its enzymes. When any of the test chemicals were applied for 60 min at concentrations slightly in excess of saturation, the number of surviving cells decreased substantially, with halothane being the most biocidal of the four chemicals and F-12 the least. Three enzymes (malate dehydrogenase, MD; NADH dehydrogenase; glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, GPD) were tested for activity after treatment of E. coli with the test chemicals. In all instances, GPD was least resistant to inactivation and MD was most resistant. Halothane was most inhibitory followed in order by Ethrane, cyclopropane and F-12. Treatment of E. coli with halothane for 60 min at 23 degrees C and a concentration slightly in excess of saturation, resulted in nearly complete inhibition of all three enzymes. PMID- 3913845 TI - Microcalorimetry studies of energy changes during the growth of Klebsiella aerogenes in simple salts/glucose media: growth in phosphate-limited medium. AB - The power-time traces for cells of Klebsiella aerogenes grown in phosphate limited media were unlike those for cells grown in phosphate-sufficient media. At a phosphate concentration of 18 mumol dm-3 three phases of growth were recognized: the exponential growth phase during which phosphate became exhausted; a slower growth phase to the exhaustion of glucose, and a period of minimal growth when acetate, formed as secondary metabolite, was metabolized. At a concentration of 40 mumol dm-3 only two phases were identified. From the measured values of biomass, carbon dioxide output, glucose and acetate, mass and energy balances were established for each phase of growth and for overall growth. The results are discussed in terms of the energy stored as biomass, that wasted as heat and that required for maintenance and biosynthetic processes when the cells are grown under normal and stressful conditions. PMID- 3913846 TI - Solubilization and partial properties of receptor substance for bacteriophage alpha 2 induced from Clostridium botulinum type A 190L. AB - Bacteriophage alpha 2, one of the two inducible phages from Clostridium botulinum type A 190L, had a latent period of 55 min and an average burst size of 75 in C. botulinum type A Hall used as the host bacterium. The phage particles were adsorbed on the cell walls extracted with hot trichloroacetic acid (TCA-walls). The receptor substance for the phage was solubilized from the TCA-walls with Achromopeptidase and fractionated by gel filtration on Sephadex G-150. The fraction having the highest level of receptor activity for the phage contained large amounts of muramic acid and glucosamine. Both authentic muramic acid and glucosamine significantly inactivated the phage, whereas glucose, galactose, L and D-alanine, diaminopimeric acid, or D-glutamic acid did not exhibit similar activity. There results strongly suggest that the receptor site for phage alpha 2 is closely associated with glycan moieties of the cell wall peptidoglycan. PMID- 3913848 TI - Some problems encountered in obstetric ultrasound scanning. PMID- 3913847 TI - Antifungal activities of N-substituted maleimide derivatives. PMID- 3913849 TI - [Antibiotic susceptibility of E. coli strains isolated from urinary tract infections and the role of metabolically deficient strains in these infections]. AB - In this study; E. coli strains isolated from 100 patients with urinary tract infections were investigated for their antibiotic susceptibility and metabolic deficiencies. The strains were found to be highly susceptible to gentamicin (%97), Bactrim (R) (%77) and resistant to the other antibiotics in changing but important degrees. Study of metabolic deficiencies revealed that 9 of the strains were in accord with the deficiency criteria and only one of them was thymin dependent. PMID- 3913850 TI - Post-oesophagectomy analgesic regimes: a 15-year review of 90 cases at University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur. PMID- 3913851 TI - Australia's medicinal plants. PMID- 3913852 TI - William Harvey and Folkestone Church. PMID- 3913853 TI - A tradition in "the dual role". A century of service in the Medical Corps. AB - Volunteer service in the Royal Australian Army Medical Corps has always been a strong tradition among Australian soldiers--a "worthy tradition" in the words of the Australian historian of military medicine, Colonel A.G. Butler. Outstanding even against this background has been the unique contribution of four doctor soldiers, in three generations of the Marks family from Queensland. Serving in the Queensland Defence Force before Federation, the Australian Army Medical Corps, and the Royal Australian Army Medical Corps, this family group rendered a total of 115 years of service in the sphere of military medicine, in peace and war. This account documents some of the medical service in the Army of the Honourable Dr Charles Ferdinand Marks (senior); Dr (Colonel) Alexander Hammett Marks; Dr (Major) Edward Oswald Marks; and Dr (Colonel) Charles Ferdinand Marks (junior). PMID- 3913854 TI - The first appendicectomy in Australia. PMID- 3913855 TI - Richard III and Elizabeth I. PMID- 3913857 TI - Australian doctors and the visual arts. Part 1. Doctor-artists in New South Wales. AB - Since Europeans first settled in Australia their doctors have been interested in the visual arts. Some have been hobby painters and sculptors, a few with great distinction. Some have been gallery supporters and administrators. A few have written art books. Some have been outstanding photographers. Of the larger number of doctors who have collected art, only those are mentioned who have made their collections public or have made important donations to galleries. The subject of Australian doctors and the visual arts will be discussed in six articles in this and following issues of the journal. The first deals with doctor-artists in New South Wales. PMID- 3913856 TI - Changing clinicopathological concepts of choroidal malignant melanoma. AB - Choroidal malignant melanoma is diagnosed in about 100 Australians annually. It is the most common primary malignant tumour that occurs in the adult eye. The disease is briefly discussed in terms of its epidemiology, histogenesis, histology, diagnosis, management and current research effort. The controversy surrounding the status of enucleation in management is reviewed. PMID- 3913858 TI - Corticosteroid therapy in respiratory disorders. PMID- 3913859 TI - AIDS after renal transplantation. PMID- 3913860 TI - [Psychoneuroendocrinology of pre-puberty with special reference to the hypothalamo-hypophyseal-gonadal axis]. PMID- 3913862 TI - Mississippi Dental Association 1985 roster. PMID- 3913861 TI - [The effect of age on the response of insulin and C-peptide to oral glucose in non-insulin-dependent diabetes]. PMID- 3913863 TI - The time development of direct hemolytic plaques: implications for the binding of IgM to cell surface haptens. AB - We studied the time development of direct hemolytic plaques in thin layers containing either sheep red blood cells (SRBC) directly haptenated (DH) with trinitrophenyl, or SRBC indirectly haptenated (IH) with dinitrophenyl coupled to human serum albumin. The DH-SRBC tend to be sparsely haptenated while the IH-SRBC tend to have very high local hapten densities. We observed marked differences in the growth of plaques for the two differently haptenated SRBC. Plots of the plaque radius squared vs time show that the slope of those curves that developed in a lawn of DH-SRBC tended to be constant while the slope of those curves that developed in a lawn of IH-SRBC tended to decrease with time. These results are what is predicted from theory if: IgM binds to DH-SRBC through attachments that rapidly dissociate, if IgM binds to IH-SRBC through attachments that very slowly dissociate, and if (3) both types of bound IgM can fix and activate complement. PMID- 3913864 TI - Identification of a previously unrecognized polypeptide associated with lymphocyte function associated antigen one (LFA-1). AB - In lymphocyte function associated antigen one (LFA-1) preparations from metabolically labeled lymphocytes we have observed a new polypeptide component of 86-kilodalton additional to the already described alpha- and beta-chains. This chain is cosynthesized with the alpha- and beta-chains and can be covalently cross-linked with them, resulting in a three-chain complex. This complex is recognized by the H35-89.9 anti-LFA-1 monoclonal antibody. Cleveland peptide mapping analysis indicates that the new chain is structurally different from the alpha- and beta-chains of the LFA-1 complex. The chain has been observed in B cells as well as in T-cells. Labeling properties of the 86-kilodalton chain suggest that this molecule is not exposed on the membrane. PMID- 3913865 TI - [Use of composite-etching technics with partial denture frameworks. Creation of retention for anchorage]. PMID- 3913866 TI - [Subperiosteal augmentation of the mandible: a wrong method or a wrong technics?]. PMID- 3913867 TI - Association between indicators of perinatal asphyxia and adverse outcome in the term infant: a methodological review. AB - There are conflicting opinions about the significance of 5 perinatal findings felt to be indicators of asphyxia (meconium staining of the amniotic fluid, abnormal fetal heart rate patterns, acidotic fetal scalp blood gases, low Apgar scores, and acidotic cord blood gases). A review of the literature was undertaken to determine the strength of association of each of these findings with adverse outcomes. Although all studies contained methodological problems, these indicators were found to have strong associations with one or more adverse outcomes such as perinatal death, low Apgar scores or cerebral palsy. The strength of the association (relative risk) was found to vary inversely with the prevalence of the outcome. PMID- 3913868 TI - A review of clinical trials in the surgical treatment of cerebrovascular disease. AB - The major treatable risk factors in thromboembolic stroke are hypertension and transient ischemic attacks (TIA). Two prospective hospital series of TIA provide no evidence that either medical or surgical therapy is superior to the other or to supportive treatment. However, the treated groups were not shown to be comparable. Only the joint cooperative study on extracranial arterial occlusion provided random allocation of TIA patients to surgery or no surgery. The published conclusion comparing course after discharge was that surgery was of significant benefit. However, when the groups were compared from the point of randomization and when later TIA alone were excluded, there was not even a suggestion that the surgery groups did better than the others. Sample size was such, though, that a possible reduction of stroke occurrence by one-half could not be excluded with the data at hand, leaving the ultimate decision as to the potential value of surgery in TIA to the clinician. PMID- 3913869 TI - Multiple sclerosis: Indian experience in the last thirty years. AB - A total of 354 cases of multiple sclerosis (MS) were collected from various published reports from India over the last three decades. MS is definitely an uncommon disease in India. Certain clinical characteristics, previously noted individually, have been confirmed to exist in India. When compared to MS in Western countries, the Indian cases show a relatively high incidence of optic nerve involvement (both at the onset and during the course of the disease). Neuromyelitis optical is also seen more frequently. MS may be more common in northern as compared to southern India. In isolated studies HLA-B12 has been reported to be associated with MS in India and positive CSF oligoclonal bands have been seen in only 30% of the cases. PMID- 3913870 TI - [Disputable problems of astereognosis]. PMID- 3913871 TI - [Chronoelectroencephalography in the diagnosis of neurologic diseases]. PMID- 3913872 TI - [Role of the nervous system in the processes of immunoregulation]. PMID- 3913873 TI - [Tension pneumocephalus as a perioperative complication of neurosurgical procedures]. PMID- 3913874 TI - [A case of glossopharyngeal neuralgia with paroxysmal asystole]. AB - A 74-year-old patients is described who had typical attacks of glossopharyngeal neuralgia associated with very frequent episodes of cardiac arrest. Pacemaker implantation made possible controlling of episodes of cardiac arrest while full remission of attacks was obtained after carbamazepine treatment 900 mg daily. PMID- 3913875 TI - Placebo-controlled study of mianserin in depressed outpatients. AB - Ninety-two outpatients with depressive disorders which met Research Diagnostic Criteria were treated either with mianserin or placebo in a 6-week controlled trial. Twenty-four of 42 (57%) mianserin-treated patients were rated responders to mianserin treatment while 15 of 50 (30%) were rated responders to placebo treatment (chi 2 = 6.89, p less than 0.01). This rate of drug response was comparable to that achieved with a tricyclic antidepressant in a similar study done in our clinic, supporting the use of mianserin in mildly depressed outpatients. PMID- 3913877 TI - [Effect of prostacyclin on changes in basic physiological parameters in total cerebral ischemia]. PMID- 3913876 TI - [Allogeneic transplantation of peripheral nerves]. PMID- 3913878 TI - Brain fine structure in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease with plaques and tangles. II. Neurofibrillary tangles composed of paired helical filaments. PMID- 3913879 TI - [Methods of monitoring: system of acquisition and elaboration of different biophysical parameters]. PMID- 3913880 TI - [Use of a new beta-lactam antibiotic, ceftazidime, in the neurosurgical intensive care unit. Preliminary observations]. PMID- 3913881 TI - [Isolation of the islands of Langerhans of the rat pancreas and evaluation of islet function in vitro]. PMID- 3913882 TI - [Tissue reaction to a new non-absorbable synthetic monofilament: polyether urethane (Maxilene)]. PMID- 3913883 TI - [Tissue reaction to a new non-absorbable synthetic monofilament: polyvinylidene fluoride (Flexamide)]. PMID- 3913884 TI - [Computers and teaching]. PMID- 3913885 TI - The biosynthesis of triterpenoids and steroids. PMID- 3913887 TI - Image subtraction in acute gastrointestinal bleeding studies using 99Tcm-DTPA. AB - 99Tcm-DTPA has been evaluated in our clinical and experimental programme for the detection of acute gastrointestinal bleeding. As an adjunct to this programme, a protocol for image subtraction has been developed. The patient remains still while sequential static images I(i) (i = 1, . . ., N) are taken. They are first normalized to equal total counts and then subtracted images are produced according to the following three methods (a) I(i + 1)-I(i) (b) I(i) - I(mask) (c) I(mask) - I(i) where i not equal to mask and I(mask) denotes a user-selected mask image. Method (a) demonstrates fresh bleeding and sequential movement of blood in the bowel. Methods (b) and (c) demonstrate overall migration of blood and accumulated bleeding depending on the choice of the mask image. PMID- 3913886 TI - The biosynthesis of porphyrins, chlorophylls, and vitamin B12. PMID- 3913888 TI - Measurement of glomerular filtration rate by means of a 99Tcm-DTPA complex and a scintillation camera: a method based on the kinetics of the distribution volume of the tracer in the kidney area. AB - Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) may be computed using the kinetics of the renal distribution volume curve Vt = Rt/Pt and a power fit of the plasma curve Pt = Pot B. It can be demonstrated that GFR = d(Vt)/d(t)(1-B). The method is largely independent of background subtraction, allowing nonequivocal renal function determination in all cases. In a preliminary series of 20 patients, the linear regression coefficient of computed GFR with true clearance measurement by multiple blood samples method was 0.97 with a standard error on the estimate of the clearance of 5.5 ml. PMID- 3913889 TI - Topical use of ceftazidime in gram negative pulmonary pathologies. PMID- 3913890 TI - [Methods of the determination of steroid receptors in breast neoplasms]. PMID- 3913891 TI - [Determination of the receptor state in paraffin sections of breast neoplasms]. PMID- 3913893 TI - [Appendicitis in right-side pneumonia in a 4-year-old girl]. PMID- 3913892 TI - [Immunohistochemical evaluation of several tumor markers (CEA, ferritin, Ca) and their correlation with estro-progestin receptor state in neoplasms]. PMID- 3913894 TI - [Delayed sexual maturation or male hypogonadism?]. PMID- 3913895 TI - [First urinary infection in infants aged less than 3 months. Diagnostic and therapeutic aspects from 44 cases]. AB - While studying retrospectively 44 cases in infants less than 3 months with urinary tract infection, clinical, bacteriological and radiological aspects have been analyzed. Clinical symptomatology were chiefly fever and digestive symptoms (anorexia, vomiting) associated with poor weight gain. Among the causative bacteria, E. coli was the most frequent (88%) with ampicillin resistance in 26% of them. Diagnosis difficulties associated with urine collection with a bag, frequently contaminated, have to be emphasized. It is therefore necessary, except in case of emergency to repeat urine collection before treatment. Among 35 infants investigated radiologically, the urinary tract was abnormal in 46% (48% boys and 40% girls). The localization of the abnormality was upper in 16% and lower (reflux) in 43%. Ampicillin alone or associated with an aminoglycoside was the most common treatment (33 cases). Urine sterilization has always been obtained. PMID- 3913896 TI - [Massive chemotherapy and purged bone marrow autograft in severe neuroblastoma. Preliminary results apropos of 5 cases]. AB - Massive chemotherapy with in vitro purged autologous bone marrow transplantation has benefited from better understanding of massive chemotherapy for solid tumors, and better search for bone marrow involvement; it may now be used for treatment of poor prognosis neuroblastomas. Authors report preliminary results of 5 cases (4 IV and 1 p III b stage of TNM classification) completely treated in one institution (Centre Leon-Berard, Lyon, France). Three patients are in complete remission, and 2 have relapsed (median follow up: 18 months). Authors comment on these results. PMID- 3913897 TI - [Pneumonia and submaxillary cellulitis caused by B group Streptococcus in an infant]. AB - The association of pneumonia and submandibular cellulitis in the case of group B streptococcal LOD (Late Onset Disease) is rare. Concerning the possible nosocomial infection of a 31/2 months infant the authors compare the pulmonary disease with that of the EOD (Early Onset Disease) and like other authors recommend considering GBS as the main cause of any cellulitis for an infant under 4 months. PMID- 3913898 TI - [Exercise-induced asthma]. PMID- 3913899 TI - [Femoral neck fractures in the elderly--a comparison of 3 treatment methods]. PMID- 3913900 TI - Cavity design and mathematics: their effect on gaps at the margins of cast restorations. PMID- 3913901 TI - Individual intracoronal cast restorations. PMID- 3913902 TI - Maillefer and TMS pins compared for retention and penetration. PMID- 3913903 TI - Dental caries prevalence in early Hawaiian children. PMID- 3913905 TI - Tryptophyllin-like immunoreactivity in rat adenohypophysis. AB - A new amphibian peptide family has been isolated from the skin of a South American frog Phyllomedusa rhodei and named Tryptophyllins (TPH) because of their content in tryptophyl residue. Using an antiserum against one of these peptides, namely the pentapeptide Met-5-TPH-5-amide (PHE-PRO-PRO-TRP-MET-NH2), we observed the presence of a set of immunoreactive cells in rat adenohypophysis. These cells were far more numerous in pregnant than in normal male and non-pregnant female rats. Dual immunostainings demonstrated that, with some exceptions, almost all the TPH-like immunoreactive cells were gonadotrophs. At electron microscope both types of gonadotroph cells displayed immunoreactivity and the gold particles strongly labelled both types of granules. The Aa. advance the hypothesis that, besides the hormones themselves, the secretory granules might contain some TPH like sequence. PMID- 3913904 TI - Bombesin effects on human GI functions. AB - In this article some of the actions of amphibian skin peptide Bombesin (BBS) on human gastrointestinal and pancreatic functions are reviewed. BBS causes increases of lower esophageal sphincter pressure, delay of gastric emptying, inhibition of mechanical activity of duodenum and jejunum and gallbladder emptying. BBS also releases in man gastrin and stimulates gastric acid secretion. BBS administration induces release of insulin, glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide from human Islet of Langerhans and causes secretion of pancreatic bicarbonates and enzymes in duodenal juice and release of pancreatic enzymes in blood stream. PMID- 3913906 TI - PYY-like peptides in the central and peripheral nervous system of a frog and a lizard. AB - PYY-immunoreactive material was detected in endocrine cells in the gut of a lizard, Lacerta vivipara, and a frog, Rana temporaria. The findings are consistent with other reports on reptiles, amphibians and higher species. In addition, however, PYY-like material was found in neuronal elements both in the gut and in the brain. High performance liquid chromatography of frog brain extracts showed the PYY-like material to elute in one minor fraction (eluting position similar but not identical to that of porcine synthetic PYY) and two major fractions (distinct from PYY and probably representing smaller and more hydrophobic PYY-like peptides). PMID- 3913907 TI - Presence of neuromedin B-like immunoreactivity in the brain and gut of rat and guinea-pig. AB - A recently developed specific radioimmunoassay for neuromedin B, originally isolated from porcine spinal cord, was used to investigate its distribution in rat and guinea-pig brain and gut. In both species, neuromedin B-like immunoreactivity was present in several regions of brain, and high concentrations occurred in the pituitary. The immunoreactivity was widely distributed throughout the entire length of gastrointestinal tract and pancreas, and relatively high concentrations were found in the oesophagus and rectum. Immunocytochemistry localised neuromedin B-like immunoreactivity to nerve fibers in the rat brain and gut. Immunoreactive fibres were visualized in the medial thalamus and were found very frequently in the circular muscle of the gut. Gel permeation chromatography of pituitary and intestinal extracts from both species revealed presence of two peaks of neuromedin B-like immunoreactivity, the later of which co-eluted with the synthetic porcine neuromedin B standard. Reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatography showed that material corresponding to the later peak was eluted in the exact position of synthetic porcine neuromedin B, whereas the larger molecular size material from the earlier peak was more hydrophobic in nature. PMID- 3913908 TI - The discovery of nonmammalian peptides. PMID- 3913909 TI - Phylogenetical aspects on islet hormone families: a minireview with particular reference to insulin as a growth factor and to the phylogeny of PYY and NPY immunoreactive cells and nerves in the endocrine and exocrine pancreas. AB - A common feature in the phylogeny of the four islet hormones (insulin, somatostatin, glucagon, PP) is that they do not seem to occur in the most primitive metazoan animals investigated so far, namely the coelenterates. However, already in the earliest protostomian invertebrates, such as flatworms and annelids, somatostatin and PP immunoreactive nerve fibres were found. In highly developed forms of protostomian invertebrates, such as insects, all the four islet hormones are represented as immunoreactive nerve cells and nerve fibres in the brain. In deuterostomian invertebrates a brain-gut-axis has evolved as regards somatostatin and PP, whereas insulin and glucagon now seem to occur exclusively as cells of open type in the gut mucosa. This brain-gut-axis for somatostatin and PP persists in all the vertebrates. The insulin cells, however, leave the gut mucosa already in the earliest forms of vertebrates and then appear only as cells in the islet parenchyma and in the mucosa of the bile duct (Agnatha) or in the pancreatic ducts (Gnathostomi). To some extent, glucagon islet cells evolve in a similar manner; here, however, cells immunoreactive with the precursor hormone, glicentin (enteroglucagon), persist in the gastrointestinal tract mucosa. A few PYY immunoreactive cells have been found in the pancreatic islet parenchyma of reptiles and mammals, often as disseminated cells in the acinar tissue. In the pancreas of these phyla NPY only occurs in neurons and nerve fibres. In pilot studies the effects of hagfish insulin as a growth factor have been compared with those of pig insulin on Swiss 3T3 mouse embryonic fibroblasts. PMID- 3913910 TI - Caerulein and its analogues: neuropharmacological properties. AB - The decapeptide from the frog Hyla caerulea, caerulein (caerulein diethylammonium hydrate, ceruletide, CER) is chemically closely related to the C-terminal octapeptide of cholecystokinin (CCK-8). Like CCK-8, CER and some of its analogues produce many behavioural effects in mammals: inhibition of intake of food and water; antinociception; sedation; catalepsy; ptosis, antistereotypic, anticonvulsive and tremorolytic effects; inhibition of self-stimulation. Effects of CER in man comprise sedation, satiety, changes in mood, analgesia and antipsychotic effects. A modulation of central dopaminergic functions appears to be one possible mechanism of CER and its analogues. A common denominator for all effects of CER is, at present, not evident. PMID- 3913911 TI - FMRFamide- and gastrin/CCK-like peptides in birds. AB - Antibodies to the molluscan neuropeptide, Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2 (FMRFamide) react with material in extracts of chicken brain. One of the immunoreactive peptides has the sequence Leu-Pro-Leu-Arg-Phe-NH2 (LPLRFamide). We have now raised antibodies to LPLRFamide and used these to examine the distribution and molecular forms of LPLRFamide-like peptides in the chicken. Several forms can be distinguished on the basis of HPLC retention times. Concentrations are highest (200 pmol X g-1) in hypothalamus, and lowest (less than 10 pmol X g-1) in cerebellum, spinal cord and gut. There are two common residues in FMRFamide and gastrin/CCK related peptides (-Met-X-Phe-amide). However, LPLRFamide is readily distinguishable from avian CCK and gastrin. The latter, like the mammalian gastrins, is a relatively strong stimulant of acid, and a weak stimulant of pancreatic enzyme secretion, in the chicken. The physiological roles of the vertebrate peptides with FMRFamide and LPLRFamide immunoreactivity remain to be elucidated, although evidence is emerging to suggest that they might act as transmitters in CNS regions associated with the input of sensory information (dorsal spinal cord and nucleus tractus solitarius). PMID- 3913912 TI - The gastro-entero-pancreatic system of the turtle, Chrysemys picta. AB - Pancreatic endocrine cells were stained immunocytochemically for insulin, glucagon, somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide by the PAP technique or sequentially for two hormones by the PAP followed by an indirect immunogold procedure. Pancreatic endocrine cells of Chrysemys are found scattered as single cells or small aggregates throughout the exocrine parenchyma; only the splenic region shows islets consisting of a B cell core surrounded by a loose mantle of A cells and occasional D cells. PP cells were not found in this splenic portion but were found scattered throughout the remainder of the pancreas. In contrast to the typical vertebrate islet, Chrysemys pancreatic endocrine cells are characterized by a lack of preferential association of one cell type with another and suggests that paracrine regulatory mechanisms may not be operable in this species. Insulin secretion from pieces of Chrysemys pancreas has been measured in incubation and perifusion systems employing a heterologous radioimmunoassay. Insulin release by Chrysemys B cells is enhanced by elevated levels of glucose (300 mg/dl), however, response appears to be somewhat slower compared to other vertebrate B cells. Gastrin, secretin, neurotensin, motilin, serotonin, PYY, glucagon, gastric inhibitory polypeptide, somatostatin and insulin were demonstrated immunocytochemically in open-type GEP cells of the mucosal epithelium of the Chrysemys intestine. Of these cells, gastrin, neurotensin and insulin cells appear to be the most numerous while the other types appear less frequently. Cells containing PP, bombesin, cholecystokinin and substance P could not be demonstrated. The localization of insulin to GEP cells of the turtle intestine is an unusual finding but has been confirmed by radioimmunoassay of extracts of the intestinal mucosa. PMID- 3913913 TI - Neuropeptides and 5-HT immunoreactivity in the gastric nerves of the dogfish (Scyliorhinus stellaris). AB - The gastric autonomic innervation of the dogfish was examined for regulatory peptides and serotonin by immunochemical techniques. Bouin's-fixed, paraffin embedded or benzoquinone-fixed frozen sections were used for light microscopical immunocytochemistry and glutaraldehyde-fixed resin-embedded sections for electron microscopical immunocytochemistry. Bombesin-, somatostatin-, gastrin/cholecystokinin-, substance P-, peptide histidine isoleucine-, vasoactive intestinal peptide- and serotonin-immunoreactive nerves were found in all layers of the stomach wall. Bombesin and vasoactive intestinal peptide-containing nerves were identified at ultrastructural level. Radioimmunoassay of acetic acid extracts of tissue confirmed the presence of immunoreactivity for bombesin, somatostatin, substance P, peptide histidine isoleucine and vasoactive intestinal peptide. Reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography indicated that the peptides identified were broadly similar to their mammalian counterparts. PMID- 3913914 TI - Two distinct VIP precursors in cartilaginous fish? AB - In the ray gut immunoreactive VIP has a dual localization in endocrine cells and in nerve fibers. Immunoreactive VIP and PHI were found to co-exist in the same nerve fibers. This is predictable, since VIP and PHI derive from the same precursor. However, PHI could not be demonstrated in the VIP immunoreactive endocrine cells. Chromatographic analysis (high performance liquid chromatography) of extracts of the gut revealed two different molecular forms of VIP, one large peak with an elution position similar to that of authentic porcine VIP and a minor peak with a different elution position. The results suggest either the existence of different precursors for VIP in endocrine cells and in neurons, or the different processing of the same precursor in neurons and endocrine cells. PMID- 3913915 TI - CCK-like peptides in the neural complex of a protochordate. AB - The neural complex of the ascidian Styela plicata has been investigated by means of cytochemical and immunocytochemical methods. In the cerebral ganglion, using a mammalian antibody to synthetic CCK-8, immunoreactive neurons and nerve fibers have been localized; at the same time immunofluorescent cells are scattered in some glandular lobules of the neural gland. The possible functions of a CCK-8 like peptide in ascidians is suggested and discussed. PMID- 3913916 TI - Proctolin in the lobster nervous system. AB - The pentapeptide proctolin (Arg-Tyr-Leu-Pro-Thr) is present in high concentrations in neurosecretory organs of the lobster, Homarus americanus. The central nervous system contains ca. 1400 proctolin-immunoreactive neurons, which appear to serve a variety of different functions. Some of these neurons have been specifically identified and analyzed biochemically to determine which classical neurotransmitters coexist with the peptide. These include: serotonin-proctolin cell pairs in the fifth thoracic and first abdominal ganglia; a large dopamine proctolin neuron in the circumesophageal ganglion; and cholinergic-proctolin sensory neurons which innervate a mechanoreceptor in the scaphognathite. With these identified neurons we have begun to investigate the physiological actions of proctolin, the interactions between cotransmitters, and the development of multiple transmitter phenotypes in individual neurons. PMID- 3913917 TI - Neuropeptide immunocytochemistry in protostomian invertebrates, with special reference to insects and molluscs. AB - In some molluscs (Aplysia and Fusitriton) and insects (silkworm and cricket), occurrence and distribution of neuropeptides in the nervous system and gut were studied with following results: in these invertebrates and also in planaria, PP like immunoreactivity is extensively distributed in neurons and (in insects) in gut endocrine paraneurons. These cells are negative for NPY, the mammalian neuropeptide related to PP in molecular structure. PHI-like immunoreactivity is widely distributed in the neurons of those invertebrates; it occurs also in gut endocrine paraneurons in insects. The PHI-immunopositive cells are immunonegative for VIP and the coexistence of both peptides due to the common precursor in mammals cannot be recognized in these invertebrates. Immunoreactivity for urotensin I, the neuropeptide derived from teleostean urophysial neurons, is widely distributed in the neurons of the invertebrates. In insects (cricket) it occurs in gut endocrine cells. PMID- 3913918 TI - Molecular properties of various snail peptides from brain and gut. AB - Attention is focused on the similarities in primary structure of the egg-laying neurohormone of the pulmonate Lymnaea stagnalis and of the opisthobranch Aplysia californica which both consist of 36 amino acid residues. FMRFamide-like peptides have now been isolated and sequenced from six molluscan species. Besides FMRFamide, two closely related peptides were isolated from the central nervous system of L. stagnalis and sequenced. This indicates that a family of FMRFamide like peptides exist not only in the molluscs, but also within one species. A molluscan growth hormone, isolated from the brain of L. stagnalis, has been characterized. This small peptide hormone stimulates in vitro a receptor adenylate cyclase system of mantle edge cells and in vivo the Ca2+-incorporation in the shell edge. The biochemical characterization of three vertebrate-like peptides of L. stagnalis, resembling oxytocin, Arg-vasopressin, and insulin, confirms the immunological findings that gastropods contain peptides which are structurally closely related to mammalian peptides. PMID- 3913919 TI - Immunocytochemistry of peptidergic systems in the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis. AB - Evidence suggests that there exists in the animal kingdom a family of biologically active peptides whose members are related to the molluscan cardio active tetrapeptide FMRFamide (Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2). Immunocytochemical and ultrastructural studies indicate that several family-members occur in the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis. Monoclonal antibodies were raised to whole brain homogenates of the pond snail. Selection of antibody producing hybridomas was carried out by staining sections of the central nervous system of the snail with the supernatants of the hybridomas. Certain antibodies stain selectively known (neuro)endocrine centres of the snail, others are directed against particular groups of neurons. It is argued that these antibodies were raised against biologically active peptides and/or their precursors. The antibodies may be used for the isolation of these peptides. PMID- 3913920 TI - [Radiological image of the sella turcica in pituitary adenomas of the prolactinoma type]. PMID- 3913921 TI - [Acute respiratory insufficiency after extensive operations and injuries. Radiological, clinical and pathological studies]. PMID- 3913922 TI - [Pneumomammocystography]. PMID- 3913923 TI - [Non-invasive methods of evaluating the patency of portacaval anastomosis]. PMID- 3913924 TI - [ULtrasonic diagnosis of testicular pathology]. PMID- 3913925 TI - [Real-time ultrasonography in gynecological oncology. Preliminary observations]. PMID- 3913926 TI - [Evaluation of transrectal and transvaginal ultrasonography in selected gynecologic cases]. PMID- 3913927 TI - [Ultrasonographic determination of fetal sex]. PMID- 3913928 TI - [Preliminary evaluation of the usefulness of ultrasonic examination of the Achilles tendon]. PMID- 3913929 TI - [Collateral venous circulation after partial resection of the inferior vena cava in a patient with renal cancer]. PMID- 3913930 TI - [Methodology of evaluation and indicators of radiological risk]. PMID- 3913931 TI - [Effective dose equivalent and the exposure dose in persons occupationally exposed to roentgen radiation]. PMID- 3913932 TI - [Approximate evaluation of the vital dose in persons occupationally exposed to roentgen radiation]. PMID- 3913933 TI - [18 years' evaluation of individual occupational exposure to roentgen radiation in Poland]. PMID- 3913934 TI - [Alveolar macrophages]. PMID- 3913935 TI - [Ultrasonographic determination of fetal sex]. PMID- 3913936 TI - [Early differentiation of infantile cerebral palsy and other diseases of the central nervous system]. PMID- 3913937 TI - [Prostaglandins in experimental vasorenal hypertension]. PMID- 3913938 TI - [Molecular pathophysiology of familial hypercholesterolemia]. PMID- 3913939 TI - [Role of adrenergic receptors in the regulation of lipolysis and in the pathogenesis of obesity]. PMID- 3913940 TI - [Evaluation of drugs used in geriatric neuropharmacology]. PMID- 3913941 TI - [The placebo: its current status]. PMID- 3913942 TI - [Pharmacotherapy monitored by drug levels in the body]. PMID- 3913943 TI - [Clinico-pharmacological aspects of enzyme induction]. PMID- 3913944 TI - [Preventive pharmacological procedures in peptic ulcer]. PMID- 3913945 TI - [Clinical pharmacology of mitoxantrone]. PMID- 3913946 TI - [Non-ionic contrast media]. PMID- 3913947 TI - Failure of histiocytosis X cells to express i blood group antigen. AB - Expression of HLADR, I, i blood group antigen and T6 antigen were studied in Histiocytosis X cells and pulmonary alveolar macrophages using double labelling immunofluorescence technique or immuno-peroxidase procedure. Alveolar macrophages express simultaneously HLADR and i blood group antigen. Histiocytosis X cells, characterized by HLADR and T6 antigens, and by their ultra-structural marker do not express i antigen. These results confirm the hypothesis that histiocytosis X cells constitute a specialized sub-population of the mononuclear phagocyte system. PMID- 3913948 TI - Lymph node modification in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or with AIDS related complex (ARC). A histological, immuno histopathological and ultrastructural study of 45 cases. AB - The authors present the results of a histopathological study on the lymph-nodes taken from 45 subjects suffering from either an AIDS or from a chronic adenopathy corresponding to the definition of AIDS related complex (ARC). The various aspects observed were classed as type I to type IV. The lymph-node modifications observed in the 29 patients with an ARC could be divided into three principle groups: an extensive follicular hyperplasia associated with other elementary lesions or type IA (25 lymph-nodes from 23 patients); changes resembling a multicentric Castleman syndrome or type IB (1 case); angioimmunoblastic-like (AIL) lesions or type II (2 cases) and an association of lesions of type II (7 lymph-nodes from 6 patients). During AIDS, the adenopathy usually disappears, and the small lymph-nodes removed, especially on autopsy, show an extensive lymphoid depletion (type III) with systematic sclerosis (15 lymph-nodes from 14 patients). When adenopathy persists, it is due to infections complications (tuberculosis, cryptococcosis, avian mycobacteriosis and Whipple's disease like lesions). Of the 10 patients in whom a Kaposi's sarcoma was observed, only 6 showed lymph-node involvement, or type IV. The different histopathological lesions seem to appear according to an evolving succession, proven by certain association of lesions and by successive biopsies. In our series, 17% of subjects with an ARC evolved to AIDS. Lymph-node biopsy allows a possible ARC to be implicated on the association of the following simple lesions: follicular hyperplasia with partial or total destruction of the perifollicular lymphocytic cisterna, infiltration of the germinative centres by streams of small lymphocytes, evolving to an aspect of a "burst" germinative centre and various sinusal reactions with, in particular, the presence of neutrophilic polynuclear cells. The biopsy also allows the forms with bad prognosis to be recognized: those with AIL-like aspect or multicentric Castleman-like syndrome, which seems to represent a particular evolutive form. Finally, it also detects, in certain cases, the localization of a Kaposi syndrome, signalling the passage to AIDS. The immunopathological studies present a double interest. Firstly, they offer arguments in favour of the diagnosis: increase in the number of T8 lymphocytes in the germinative centres with the formation of small clusters and disruption of the network of dendritic reticular cells, and the inversion of the T4/T8 ratio in the extra-follicular cortical regions, by either a decrease in T4 lymphocytes or by an increase in T8 lymphocytes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3913949 TI - Basement membrane in Kaposi's sarcoma: an immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study. AB - Basement membranes were investigated in early angiomatous and late sarcomatoid stages of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). Seven frozen skin biopsies of KS from five elderly Mediterranean people and one renal allograft recipient were labelled, using an immunoperoxidase technique, for basement membrane-specific macromolecules, laminin and type IV-collagen. Twenty-seven other frozen cutaneous lesions including haemangio and lymphangiosarcomas, benign vascular tumours, and various epithelial, melanocytic, fibrohistiocytic, fibrosarcomatous and muscular tumours were processed in the same way. In addition an ultrastructural study was performed in two cases of KS, one haemangiosarcoma and one lymphangiosarcoma. Intense labelling was observed for both type IV-collagen and laminin, which appeared closely co-distributed, in all areas of KS. Staining pattern was often regular and continuous around neoplastic vessels in early lesions of KS, as in benign vascular lesions, whereas in late nodular lesions large amounts of basement membrane components were present in intercellular spaces between densely aggregated spindle cells. In contrast, ultrastructural examination disclosed early disruption of basement membranes around neoplastic vessels, and occasional fragments of external lamina were seen at the interface between KS spindle cells and collagen. Similar results were obtained in angiosarcomas both by immunohistological and ultrastructural study. In the comparative group, laminin and type IV-collagen were present, in significantly fewer quantities and in various distinctive patterns, in epithelial, melanocytic, fibrohistiocytic and muscular tumors. This study deals with basement membrane modifications in early and late lesions of KS and provides further evidence in favour of the endothelial nature of the spindle cells of KS. PMID- 3913950 TI - Acute glomerulonephritis in children. An evolutive morphologic and immunologic study of the glomerular inflammation. AB - This study deals with 80 children showing a clinically typical acute nephritic syndrome with proteinuria and/or hematuria, edema, and hypertension. Their ages ranged between 2 years 5 months and 16 years; 36 cases were female. In 73 cases a streptococcal infection was demonstrated; the remaining 7 cases did not show morphologic differences with the former. No previous renal disease nor familial history of nephropathies were elicited. In every case a renal biopsy was obtained in the first 60 days of clinical disease; in 46 cases a second renal biopsy was obtained sometime between 6 and 45 months since the beginning of the disease. In 3 cases the renal tissue was considered to be normal by light microscopy, immunofluorescence and electron microscopy in both the first and second biopsies. These 3 patients were not considered as cases of morphologic acute glomerulonephritis in spite of showing a typical clinical picture and they are not included in the evaluation of the glomerular inflammatory evolution. In all the remaining 77 cases C3 granular and segmentary intramembranous and mesangial dense deposits were found in the first biopsy. The second biopsy showed morphologic and immunologic normalization in 27% of the cases, slight lesions in 56% and an increase in severity in 17% of the cases. PMID- 3913951 TI - What's new in light and electron microscopic immunocytochemistry? Application of the protein A-gold technique to routinely processed tissue. AB - The protein A-gold technique, a simple and reliable two-step postembedding immunocytochemical method, allows the light and electron microscopic detection of antigens in routinely fixed and embedded tissue. At the light microscopic level a permanent, nonfading stain is obtained. High resolution studies on intracellular antigens can be performed since the particulate nature of the colloidal gold permits accurate determination of the labeled cellular structures. The applicability of the protein A-gold technique for the localization of various peptide and protein antigens by light and electron microscopy is demonstrated. PMID- 3913953 TI - Blood glucose and insulin concentration in rats subjected to physical exercise in acute poisoning with parathion-methyl. AB - Unexercised rats or those subjected to single physical exercise were given parathion-methyl (10 mg/kg p.o. - 0.5 DL50) or oil (vehicle). Blood glucose and serum insulin concentration were assayed 1 h after the treatment. Physical exercise depressed the serum insulin concentration without changes in blood glucose level. In acute poisoning with parathion-methyl hyperglycemia occurred concurrently with hypoinsulinemia. Physical exercise abolished the pesticide induced hypoinsulinemia, but not hyperglycemia. PMID- 3913952 TI - Protective action of ascorbic acid against mutagenicity of aminopyrine plus nitrite. AB - Mutagenicity of aminopyrine and of aminopyrine plus nitrite was tested by the micronucleus test in bone marrow of mice and by host mediated mutagenicity assay with mice as host animals and S. typhimurium strain G 46. In parallel the possibility of the protective action of ascorbic acid was studied. Aminopyrine at the dose of 90 mg/kg po when administered to mice together with potassium nitrite induced a significant increase in the frequency of micronuclei in polychromatic erythrocytes and proved to be mutagenic for a Salmonella strain. In both systems mutagenicity of the combination of aminopyrine at this dose plus nitrite was abolished completely by ascorbic acid (373 or 622 mg/kg po). Ascorbic acid neither induced a significant increase in the frequency of micronuclei nor was mutagenic for the strain G 46. A formulation of aminopyrine with ascorbic acid is proposed. PMID- 3913954 TI - Intrapelvic migration of Knowles pin through external iliac vein. AB - Intrapelvic migration of a Knowles pin is rare. A case is reported of Knowles pin migration into the pelvis and through the external iliac vein. This was caused by a combination of excessive motion of the femoral neck nonunion and osteoporosis of the femoral head which allowed forward migration of the pin. PMID- 3913955 TI - Weightlifting, weight training and injuries. AB - Although millions of men and women in the United States are regularly involved in some form of weightlifting, the average physician knows, and frequently cares, little about the sports involved. As a result, his or her knowledge of the medical and physiological issues involved is limited This article attempts to address this lack by beginning with a brief introductory section outlining some of the similarities differences between the major weight lifting approaches (power lifting, olympic lifting, weight training and body building). Next it reviews major issues and controversies such as age restrictions for lifters, physiological effects, drug use, potential strength gains and hypertrophy. Finally, it discusses some of the more frequent and unique injuries that can occur in lifters. PMID- 3913956 TI - The use of quadratus femoris muscle pedicle bone graft for the treatment of displaced femoral neck fractures. AB - In 1974, Meyers et al advocated the use of the quadratus femoris muscle pedicle bone graft with screw fixation to treat displaced femoral neck fractures. In 1979 he quoted a 95% union rate in 144 patients and a 5% incidence of late segmental collapse. Most authors quote a 60% to 80% union rate and a 25% to 30% incidence of late segmental collapse of the femoral head. From 1974 to 1980 at the University of Rochester, there were 13 patients, ages 20 to 60 years, who underwent the Meyers procedure for displaced femoral neck fractures. Twelve patients were done acutely and one was delayed. Followup averaged 38 months. Average time to bony union was five months. One patient had a nonunion secondary to inadequate fixation. Four patients showed radiographic evidence of late segmental collapse despite fracture union. These patients were between 20 and 28 years old. They had moderate to severe symptoms including pain, limitation of motion, and a limp. Subsequently two of them had total hip replacements and one a valgus osteotomy. To date few if any reports have reaffirmed the results obtained by Meyers et al. Although our series is small, the rate of union was 85% and the rate of late segmental collapse was 23%. These results are the same as or worse than those achieved by several authors using internal fixation alone or in combination with autogenous bone graft. PMID- 3913957 TI - Missile wounds of the extremities: a current concepts review. PMID- 3913959 TI - [Changes in the Rochette splint and its indications]. PMID- 3913958 TI - [Trehalase in human pathology]. PMID- 3913960 TI - [Indirect relining of dentures using a modified stirrup press with a cup base]. PMID- 3913961 TI - Analytical tools for studying the 2-5A system. PMID- 3913962 TI - The role of two interferon-induced enzymatic activities in erythroid differentiation of Friend cells. PMID- 3913963 TI - (p)pp(A2'p)nA is rare in normal mouse tissues while (A2'p)nA but not (p)pp(A2'p)nA appears to be present in E. coli. PMID- 3913965 TI - The value of ultrasonography in the investigation of testicular tumours. PMID- 3913964 TI - Ampligen treatment of renal cell carcinoma: changes in 2-5A synthetase, 2-5A oligomer size and natural killer cell activity associated with antitumor response clinically. PMID- 3913966 TI - Ultrasound diagnosis of testicular tumors. PMID- 3913967 TI - Clinical staging of testicular tumours in 1984. PMID- 3913968 TI - [Comparison of the effects of chlorprothixene and haloperidol on hypothalamic function in patients with paranoid schizophrenia]. PMID- 3913969 TI - [Clinical diagnosis of primary degenerative dementia syndromes]. PMID- 3913970 TI - [The methods of measuring social adaptation in psychiatric and social studies. I. Concepts and definitions]. PMID- 3913971 TI - [Mental disorders in acute intermittent porphyria]. PMID- 3913972 TI - [Structure of the paranoid syndrome in a systematic approach]. PMID- 3913973 TI - [Originality of the scientific views of Maurycy Bornsztajn (on the 110th anniversary of his birth)]. PMID- 3913974 TI - [Hysterical pseudopsychosis in a 12-year-old girl]. PMID- 3913975 TI - [Psychopathological and neurophysiological indicators in endogenous depression and the therapeutic effect of thymoleptics. I. Analysis of the clinical effect of antidepressive drugs with various pharmacological profiles]. PMID- 3913977 TI - [Psychopathological and neurophysiological indicators in endogenous depression and the therapeutic effect of thymoleptics. III. Analysis of the factors affecting the effectiveness of treatment with thymoleptics]. PMID- 3913976 TI - [Psychopathological and neurophysiological indicators in endogenous depression and the therapeutic effect of thymoleptics. II. Comparison of the effects of various thymoleptics on the psychopathological symptoms of endogenous depressive syndromes]. PMID- 3913978 TI - [Results of studies of the social adaptation of patients with psychoses]. PMID- 3913980 TI - [Computerized tomography in schizophrenia]. PMID- 3913979 TI - [Encephalopathy in patients treated by hemodialysis as a psychiatric problem]. PMID- 3913981 TI - [The scientific activities of Prof. Stanislaw Cwynar]. PMID- 3913982 TI - [Prof. Stanislaw Cwynar as a physician, teacher and social activist]. PMID- 3913983 TI - Alexithymia and the split brain. IV. Gottschalk-Gleser content analysis, an overview. AB - A structural explanation of psychosomatic personality structure is proposed, that of a functional or physical deconnection of the two cerebral hemispheres. If the affective and symbolic energies of the right hemisphere cannot be externalized through verbal expressions of the left hemisphere (alexithymia), then they are apt to be directed inward, thereby contributing to psychosomatic personality structure. In an experiment, 8 cerebral commissurotomy patients and 8 precision matched normal control subjects were shown a 3-minute videotaped film symbolically depicting the deaths of a baby and a boy. Gottschalk-Gleser content analysis of the subjects' verbal responses to the film was carried out for anxiety and hostility scales. A complex of shame and total anxiety in combination with hostility directed both inward and outward, was interpreted as an indicator of 'psychosomatic personality structure'. Cerebral commissurotomy patients showed a significantly higher level of psychosomatic personality structure than did normal controls. PMID- 3913984 TI - Cardiac surgical techniques for treating intractable ventricular tachyarrhythmias. AB - Recurrent, sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmias unresponsive to medical therapy are associated with a one-year mortality of 70 to 85%. Patients who are susceptible to these reentrant arrhythmias usually have a history of previous myocardial infarction or chronic myocardial ischemic disease. More specifically, these patients demonstrate both anatomic and electrophysiologic derangements. Experimental work suggests that regions of non-uniform damage render the ventricle more susceptible to ventricular tachyarrhythmias; even relatively large areas of homogeneous myocardial ischemic damage may not display the same susceptibility to these arrhythmias. Surgical techniques are being devised to treat patients with ventricular tachyarrhythmias refractory to medical management. These have provided control of arrhythmias in patients whose disease was previously resistant to all medical treatment. The evolving surgical therapies presently employed share either of two pathophysiologic consequences which render them successful: the homogeneous ablation of previous heterogeneous myocardial ischemic damage or the delimiting of an arrhythmogenic focus by excluding conduction to surrounding myocardium. Finally, antitachycardia and defibrillating devices have also been developed to facilitate the management of patients not controlled satisfactorily with either conventional or investigative drugs. All physicians will need to be familiar with these devices. PMID- 3913986 TI - Periodontal and restorative considerations for crown lengthening. PMID- 3913985 TI - Wound healing in surgical practice. PMID- 3913987 TI - An improved copper band impression technique. PMID- 3913988 TI - [Syphilis and gonorrhea in Poland in the 17th century]. PMID- 3913989 TI - [Milk allergy in prurigo and urticaria]. PMID- 3913990 TI - [Bacteriocin types of Proteus isolated from diagnostic specimens]. PMID- 3913991 TI - [Ultrasonic diagnosis in the study of primary hyperparathyroidism]. AB - Ultrasonography (US) of parathyroid glands was performed in 56 patients with clinic and/or laboratory findings diagnostic or strongly suggesting a primary hyperparathyroidism. In 42 cases CT and in 8 US-guided fine needle biopsy (FNB) were performed. Surgical or autoptic confirmation was obtained in 34 patients. In controlled cases US yielded an overall sensibility of 88.46%, specificity of 95.14% and accuracy of 94.58% in identifying enlarged parathyroid glands. Doubtful US findings can be due to atypical pattern or site and associated thyroid pathology: in these cases, also in our experience, US-guided FNB can be usefully employed. US was more accurate than CT in detecting small size glands. In our opinion CT is mandatory only in negative US and/or scintigraphic cases. According to some clinical and surgical problems US may have a localizing or diagnostic role. PMID- 3913992 TI - [Intravenous digital ventriculography in the evaluation of left ventricular function in patients with acute myocardial infarct]. AB - Thirty patients with myocardial infarction were studied using Digital Subtraction Ventriculography with Intravenous injection (DSVIV) between 3 and 6 days from myocardial infarction and were checked after 30 and 90 days. The variation of ejection fraction in the controls was not important. The wall motion provided precise indications regarding the infarctual regions. Digital subtraction ventriculography seems to be a very interesting tool in the study of the left ventricle in the evolution of myocardial infarction, thanks to a low invasivity, providing data on ventricular function. PMID- 3913993 TI - [Preoperative ultrasonic diagnosis of metastasis to the cervical lymph nodes from otorhinolaryngeal neoplasms]. AB - The results of a study on 30 patients with ear, nose and throat cancers are discussed; a comparison of clinical, ultrasound and histological findings for the preoperatory evaluation of the cervical lymph nodes has been carried out. Ultrasound technique is an excellent method of investigation for the staging "N" of such neoplasms; its contribution is very important for the following therapeutic program. PMID- 3913994 TI - [Ultrasonic diagnosis of neonatal adrenal hemorrhage]. PMID- 3913995 TI - [Decennial index 1973-1982. Volumes 59-68 inclusive]. PMID- 3913996 TI - [Echotomographic diagnosis in complicated abdominal contusions]. PMID- 3913998 TI - [Clinical aspects of depression in children]. PMID- 3913997 TI - [Severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia]. PMID- 3913999 TI - [Our experience in the treatment of complications of Plasmodium falciparum malaria]. PMID- 3914000 TI - [Comparative phagotyping of strains of Mycobacterium habana and Mycobacterium simiae]. PMID- 3914001 TI - [Differential identification of mycobacteria in pneumopathy cases]. PMID- 3914002 TI - [Comparison of growth rate of Helisoma duryi (Wetherby, 1879) and Helisoma scalare (Jay, 1839) (Mollusca: Planorbidae)]. PMID- 3914003 TI - [River mollusks from a locality affected by an outbreak of fascioliasis]. PMID- 3914004 TI - [Study of the schedule of hematophagic activity of Simulium quadrivittatum Loew (1862) (Diptera: Simulidae) on the Island of Youth]. PMID- 3914005 TI - [The search for Dirofilaria immitis in dogs from the Havana City province]. PMID- 3914006 TI - [Application of the thin-layer chromatography technic to 32 strains of Mycobacterium habana]. PMID- 3914007 TI - [Splenic rupture in Plasmodium vivax malaria. Presentation of a case]. PMID- 3914008 TI - [Presentation of an autochthonous case of human coccidiosis in Cuba caused by Isospora belli. Wenyon, 1923]. PMID- 3914010 TI - [Predatory capacity of aquatic hemiptera under laboratory conditions]. PMID- 3914009 TI - [Determination of complement fixation antibodies in patients with dengue hemorrhagic fever]. PMID- 3914011 TI - [Comparative study of the effectiveness of 5 formulations of insectil on Culex quinquefasciatus, Say 1823]. PMID- 3914012 TI - [Bioregulatory activity of Romanomermis (nematoda) culicivorax under laboratory conditions]. PMID- 3914013 TI - [Surveillance of icterohemorrhagic leptospirosis in France (1974-1983)]. AB - In France, between 1974 and 1983, 1 194 diagnoses of L. icterohaemorrhagiae leptospirosis were confirmed serologically at Pasteur Institute (Paris), WHO Reference Center. The number of cases diagnosed each year rose from 74 in 1974 to 277 in 1983. The annual incidence in 1983 was 0.55 per 100 000. The temporal distribution shows that 25% of cases were in August and 63% between July and October. Two areas have a greater incidence: the South West and the East. The departments near the sea of the South East, the North and the West have the lowest incidence. PMID- 3914014 TI - [Clinical trial of an antipneumococcal vaccine in elderly subjects living in institutions]. AB - Pneumococcal vaccine effectiveness was assessed in a randomized trial among 1,686 old people (mean age: 74, standard deviation: 4 years) living in 24 geriatric hospitals and 26 homes for the aged in our district; 937 were vaccinated with Merck-Sharp and Dohme pneumococcal vaccine (14 serotypes). The 749 others composed the reference group. This study was performed during 2 years, since December 1980. Both groups were randomized after a two-criteria stratification: by clinical risk assessed before the study, and by type of homes for the aged. Forty pneumonias were diagnosed, with 13 proved pneumococcal etiology. The incidence of pneumonia was significantly reduced in the vaccinated group (p less than 10(-4) but the mortality rate was not modified. We concluded in favor of the effectiveness of pneumococcal vaccine: etiological fraction 77.1% (51.2%-89.3% confidence limits, 95% risk) in the population we studied. The incidence of pneumococcal-proved pneumonia was not significantly reduced. PMID- 3914015 TI - [Effect of glucocorticoids in chronic dyspneic asthma: histological and immunohistochemical study of the bronchial mucosa]. AB - This prospective study was done in 8 patients with chronic asthma, hospitalised for an exacerbation of their illness without any evidence of airway infection. The intention was to measure both qualitatively and quantitatively the impact of high dosage glucocorticoids on the inflammatory changes of the bronchial mucus in such patients. Biopsies of the proximal bronchi by fibreoscopy were taken before and after 6 to 9 days of Prednisolone (0.5-0.75 mg/kg per day), this treatment led to a relative rise in the FEV1 (VEMS) of at least 15%. These biopsies were fixed in Bouin and Paraffin, and the sections simultaneously processed for qualitative identification (histochemical and immuno-peroxidasic) of cells infiltrating the bronchial mucosa and for a count of these cells in a pre determined sub-epithelial zone. It was noted: In all patients at the entry to the study: an essentially lympho-monocytic cellular infiltrate of the bronchial mucosa, a virtual absence of neutrophils, and various abnormalities of the surface epithelium. After 6 to 9 days of steroids there was a persistence of epithelial lesions and in 6 out of 8 patients a statistically significant fall in the density of the inflammatory infiltrate. In 75% patients suffering from exacerbations of chronic asthma, the improvement in the ventilatory function with dosage corticotherapy was accompanied by a fall in the level of inflammatory infiltrate in the proximal bronchi. PMID- 3914016 TI - [Ceftazidime: review of the microbiological and clinical experience]. PMID- 3914017 TI - [Various pathogenetic and anatomo-clinical aspects of the transplant against host reaction, or GVHD]. PMID- 3914018 TI - [Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction]. PMID- 3914019 TI - [Antihypertensive exercise therapy]. PMID- 3914020 TI - [A quantitative evaluation of left ventricular function by digital subtraction angiography without contrast medium: time-activity curve and Fourier analysis]. PMID- 3914022 TI - [Hyperostotic disease]. PMID- 3914021 TI - [Hormones and lupus]. PMID- 3914023 TI - [Trial treatment of severe Raynaud's phenomenon with prostacyclin (PGI2)]. AB - Severe forms of Raynaud's phenomenon are very disabling. In a randomized, single blind trial, we have evaluated the effects of PGI2, a natural compound with strong vasodilator and anti-platelet activities, in 14 patients presenting with Raynaud's phenomenon. The patients received a 24-hour infusion of either PGI2 in doses of 10 mg/kg.min, or only the solvent (glycine buffer). All patients recorded the frequency and severity of the attacks before and after treatment, and 7 of the 8 patients who received the solvent benefited from a PGI2 infusion 30 to 60 days later. Among the 14 patients (6 men, 8 women), 10 had underlying collagen disease. The number of attacks per week was initially 15.9 +/- 5.3 (mean +/- s.e.). The resulting impairment was pronounced (+ + on a + to + + + scale). Radioimmunoassays of prostaglandins showed a strong increase in 6-keto PGF1 alpha levels during the infusion, without changes in thromboxane levels. A significant (p less than 0.05) reduction was observed in the number of attacks (2.6 +/- 2.5 per week) and in impairment (+ on average after PGI2 but not after the buffer). Improvement after PGI2 lasted from 0.5 to 12 months, and all but one patient regarded the treatment as effective in long-term, despite undesirable side effects (flush, hypotension) which occurred regularly during PGI2 infusion. In all patients with ulcerations of the finger tips, these healed more rapidly after PGI2. It is concluded that in spite of immediate discomfort, PGI2 in 24-hour infusions seems to be of value in the treatment of severe Raynaud's phenomenon. PMID- 3914024 TI - [The neoplastic liver. Scintigraphy or echotomography? Experience in 58 patients with clinically suspected hepatic neoplasm]. PMID- 3914025 TI - [Non-fermentative Gram-negative bacteria of human origin. I. Bacteriological study and clinical significance of 185 strains]. PMID- 3914026 TI - [Absorption characteristics of sulfamethoxazole combined with trimethoprim]. PMID- 3914027 TI - [Treatment of acute parathion poisoning with massive doses of atropine]. PMID- 3914028 TI - [Dr. Hernan Alessandri Rodriguez as teacher]. PMID- 3914029 TI - [Friar Jose Rosauro Acuna Chacon (1766-1817), physician, protomartyr of Chilean emancipation]. PMID- 3914030 TI - [Dr. Ramon Corbalan Melgarejo, a model physician]. PMID- 3914032 TI - [Certification for specialists: the fruit of a consensus]. PMID- 3914031 TI - [Vasodilator agents in chronic asymptomatic aortic insufficiency: echocardiographic study]. PMID- 3914033 TI - [Importance of medico-psychological factors in promoting family health and healing]. PMID- 3914034 TI - [Medico-social relationships of the psychiatrist--a method and working instrument in psychiatric care]. PMID- 3914035 TI - [Clinical psychotherapeutic strategy in a method of autogenic training]. PMID- 3914036 TI - IURES: a computer natural language question-answering system with possible medical applications. PMID- 3914037 TI - [Notes on pharmacies and pharmacists in Moldavia before 1832]. PMID- 3914038 TI - [Significance of the concepts of stress and behavioral type in epidemiologic population research on cardiovascular diseases]. PMID- 3914039 TI - [The generation of 1885, its centenary (II)]. PMID- 3914040 TI - [Figure of consequence in Romanian pediatrics: Ion Nicolau. On the centenary of his birth]. PMID- 3914041 TI - [Prof. Eugen I. Mironescu. On the centenary of his birth]. PMID- 3914042 TI - Pulmonary edema in adult respiratory distress syndrome. PMID- 3914043 TI - [Role of dual path insertion in the esthetics of removable partial dentures]. PMID- 3914044 TI - [Theory and design of fixed dentures to restore the edentulous arch in the anterior region]. PMID- 3914045 TI - [Esthetics and retention in removable partial dentures. 1 solution: slide attachments]. PMID- 3914046 TI - [The use of sliding attachments and anchorage bars]. PMID- 3914047 TI - [Metabolic changes in rats subjected to massive intestinal resection or jejunoileal bypass]. PMID- 3914048 TI - [Acute cholangitis: updating and proposal for its therapeutic management]. PMID- 3914049 TI - [Chlamydia trachomatis: comparative study of isolation with cell culture and direct examination, in the diagnosis of male urethritis]. PMID- 3914050 TI - [Portal hypertension secondary to congenital hepatic fibrosis in children: diagnostic and therapeutic considerations]. PMID- 3914051 TI - [Dr. Bernardo Sepulveda]. PMID- 3914053 TI - [Value of the vital dye rose Bengal as an aid in the diagnosis of conjunctival xerosis in trial tests]. PMID- 3914052 TI - [Initial cerebrospinal fluid in Cryptococcus neoformans meningoencephalitis]. PMID- 3914054 TI - [Theoretical bases of explanation in epidemiology]. PMID- 3914055 TI - [Cervical echography: evaluation of the lymphatic spread of cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract. Preliminary results]. AB - Cervical ultrasound imaging is considered to be a reliable examination for completing clinical investigations of lymphatic extension of cancer of upper respiratory and digestive tracts, although it can in no way predict the histologic appearance of the lymph glands. PMID- 3914056 TI - [Parotid sialadenosis. A histoenzymologic and ultrastructural study]. AB - A case of sialadenosis was studied by means of several morphological methods (light microscopy with micrometric measurement, transmission and scanning electron microscopy, immunopathology, histoenzymology). In that disease, these investigations seem to corroborate the hypothesis of a dyscrinism, true perturbation of the salivary excretion with storage of secretory granules in the cells and consecutive hypertrophy. This dyscrinism should result from a deterioration of branches of autonomic nervous system. In the case reported here, no etiology was proved but the hypothetic part of a recent antiulcerous treatment by Tagamet was suggested. PMID- 3914057 TI - First Eurotransplant summer meeting on infectious diseases after organ transplantation. June 11-13, 1984, Lubeck-Travemunde, Germany. PMID- 3914058 TI - Herpetic stomatitis and acyclovir therapy in cyclosporin A treated renal graft recipients. AB - Out of 80 kidney graft recipients treated with cyclosporin A and low dose steroids 19 (23.8%) developed herpes virus infection and from these 15 (18.8%) herpetic stomatitis. Evaluation of enhancing factors for herpetic stomatitis suggested a role of cyclosporin A rather than of steroids and a probable relation to preceding CMV infection. Acyclovir treatment was effective on the course of stomatitis and pain in 12 of the 15 patients. No serious side effects were observed. Leukopenia as a possible hazard was discussed. PMID- 3914059 TI - The influence of immunosuppressive drugs on human immunocompetence. PMID- 3914060 TI - How to detect bacterial contamination prior to transplantation. AB - The mortality of kidney transplantation generally amounts to 10% due to infections and GIT complications. Once grafting a Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus contaminated kidney the recipient had to undergo emergency surgery four times. Hence it has become our routine to sample the perfusate on blood culture media. Among 145 donor nephrectomies the microbiologic examination of the kidney perfusate in which the graft is stored and transported turned out to be positive in 28%. Four out of five germs isolated after incubation on blood culture media were of the non-pathogenic type seen in the normal flora of the skin. Making use of the CIT (24-30 hours) we cultured the perfusate on blood media. Since the temporary results of the microbiological examination are obtained within 12 hours we can initiate the first choice antibiotic therapy already at the time of transplantation. Though there was proof of highly pathogenic bacteria clinical infection occurred in none of our patients among a total of 114 grafts. The outstanding clinical importance of this diagnostic tool arises from the time sparing information of any contamination and the early hint at the first choice of antibiotics. The distinct application of antibiotics according to the result of the perfusate culture on blood culture media is superior to a general antibiotic cover. PMID- 3914062 TI - Post graft nephrectomy sepsis: results of a trial study. PMID- 3914061 TI - Infections after transplantation of a contaminated kidney. AB - In a retrospective study of 350 consecutive cadaver renal transplants, at least 83 (24%) of the donor kidneys were found to be contaminated. This was associated with three perinephric abscesses, one mycotic aneurysm, one pseudomonas sepsis, and four superficial wound infections. As a result, three patients lost their grafts, and one patient died from septic complications. The one year graft survival of the remainder of the recipients of contaminated grafts did not differ from that of the whole series. It is concluded that contamination of donor kidneys is a frequent event, but serious complications are relatively rare. PMID- 3914063 TI - Nocardial infection in a renal transplant recipient--a case report. AB - Report is given about a 50 year old renal transplant recipient who developed signs of a severe pneumonia 37 days post transplantation. The diagnosis following chest X-ray and physical examination was multifocal nodular pneumonia of unknown origin in an immunosuppressed patient. Although a varying antibiotic chemotherapy was administered at high doses he died 4 weeks later without identification of the infective agent. Post-mortem and microbiological examinations revealed a systemic suppurative infection caused by Nocardia asteroides. Percutaneous or open lung biopsy within the first 10 days after onset of clinical symptoms has to be recommended to secure the diagnosis and treatment with sulphonamides. PMID- 3914064 TI - Experience with 5 cases of Legionnaires' disease at the Department of Transplantation Surgery, Huddinge Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. PMID- 3914065 TI - Therapeutic regimen of septic vascular complications in kidney grafting. AB - In spite of highly sophisticated tissue matching reducing immunogenicity of a graft a high degree of immunosuppression is mandatory to achieve good graft survival. Septic complications such as a rupture of an anastomosis threaten the recipients life. Thorough donor selection, strict asepsis, as well as repeated bacteriologic examination gives the chance to decrease morbidity and mortality of kidney grafting. In the retrospective analysis of 135 kidney transplantations septic vascular complications occurred in 3.7%. The surgical procedure of choice after graft removal is the ligation of the external iliac artery. Only in one out of four cases ischemia of the lower extremity had to be treated by an extra anatomic femoro-femoral bypass. PMID- 3914066 TI - Annual Eurotransplant meeting. September 29, 1984, Leiden, The Netherlands. PMID- 3914067 TI - Organ donor shortage: European situation and possible solutions. PMID- 3914068 TI - Eurotransplant experience with highly immunized patients. PMID- 3914069 TI - Cyclosporin-A experience in Eurotransplant--preliminary data. AB - Since 1981, more and more transplant centres collaborating within the Eurotransplant Organization started to use Cyclosporin-A (CsA) as part of their immunosuppressive protocols. Although these protocols differ from centre to centre it was felt important to study the clinical significance of CsA on renal allograft survival, especially with regard to other relevant but more constant factors such as HLA-A, -B and -DR matching, pretransplant blood transfusions, ischemia times, etc. This study encompasses 3150 transfused kidney transplant recipients of whom 765 have received CsA. Analysis shows that the group of CsA treated patients had a significantly better graft survival as compared to the non CsA treated patients i.e., 71% versus 62% at 2 years respectively. The best kidney graft survival was obtained in the HLA-DR well matched donor-recipients combinations even when CsA was used (79% at 2 years). A significant adverse effect of prolonged cold ischemia times was observed when CsA was administered. PMID- 3914070 TI - A brief review of histopathology in kidney transplant recipients immunosuppressed with cyclosporin A. AB - Kidney transplant biopsies from 54 patients immunosuppressed with Cyclosporin and 38 treated conventional immunosuppression were evaluated by 14 pathologists. As result of the reevaluation of the biopsies during the workshop 6 morphologic reaction patterns in Cyclosporin treated patients were distinguished and possible pathogenetic factors discussed: Classical rejection; Diffuse interstitial fibrosis; Toxic tubulopathy with giant mitochondria, isometric vacuolisation and microcalcification; Intertubular capillary congestion with mononuclear cell accumulation; Arteriolopathy similar to benign/malignant hypertension or hemolytic uremic syndrome; Interstitial fibrosis striped form with tubular atrophy. This preliminary morphologic classification may be helpful in the biopsy interpretation and the selection of therapeutic strategies. PMID- 3914071 TI - Analysis of HLA matching in relation to kidney preservation time. AB - The effect of HLA matching on cadaver kidney graft survival was analyzed in relation to the length of cold ischemic kidney preservation prior to implantation. The best correlation was seen when ischemia was greater than 36 hr, however, even with less than 24 hr ischemia there was a good correlation of matching with graft outcome. Importantly, HLA matched kidneys with greater than 36 hr ischemia performed very well, better than poorly matched kidneys with short ischemia. PMID- 3914072 TI - [Use of mutagenicity test systems in protection of the water supply]. PMID- 3914073 TI - [Chlorinated hydrocarbons in the environment II]. PMID- 3914074 TI - Effects of cadmium on cadmium smelter workers. AB - The effects of cadmium on 65 workers in a cadmium-refining plant in the People's Republic of China were investigated. The average airborne cadmium oxide concentrations ranged from 0.004 to 0.187 mg/m3 at most worksites. Except for some vague symptoms and reports of anosmia, no significant abnormalities were found in the clinical examinations. The level of cadmium in the blood and urine was increased in the majority of the cadmium-exposed subjects. Nine cases (13.8%) with suspected or mild renal tubular damage were found in this study. PMID- 3914075 TI - Clinical observation and comparison of the effectiveness of several oxime cholinesterase reactivators. AB - After passing toxicity and experimental therapeutic tests, four oxime cholinesterase reactivators [PAM (pyridine aldoxime methiodide), PAC (pralidoxime, pyridine aldoxime methylchloride), TMB4 (trimedoxime), and DMO4 (obidoxime, Toxogonin, LuH6)] were compared in clinical trials. All of them proved capable of restoring erythrocyte cholinesterase activity and relieving symptoms and signs of organophosphate insecticide poisoning. Mildly and moderately poisoned patients can be treated by several injections of any one of these drugs alone, but severe cases need the synergistic action of atropine, as well as treatments for two to three consecutive days. Although response to treatment is stronger with TMB4 and DMO4, they are not recommended for routine treatment because of their dangerous adverse side effects. PMID- 3914077 TI - [Prolonged fevers and the radiologist]. PMID- 3914076 TI - Prevention of acute parathion and demeton poisoning in farmers around Shanghai. AB - After the occurrence of poisoning episodes among commune members who handled the insecticides parathion and demeton during the first few years of application in the early 1960s, a series of surveys was conducted and comprehensive regulatory actions were adopted. The surveys showed that the cause of most of the poisoning cases was percutaneous absorption of toxicant as a consequence of skin contamination during careless operating. As a result of a comprehensive program carried out by large numbers of administrators, health workers, and commune members, the incidence of intoxication quickly declined, starting in 1965, to a negligible level and has remained so to the present, even though parathion and demeton use has increased greatly. It is suggested that the experience obtained might be helpful to other areas in the People's Republic of China and in some developing countries. PMID- 3914079 TI - [Anatomy and physiology of computers]. PMID- 3914078 TI - [Insulin and diabetes]. PMID- 3914080 TI - [Pierre Janet, promoter of clinical psychology. Memories...]. PMID- 3914081 TI - [Current effect of Pierre Janet's work on the psychiatry of the Netherlands]. PMID- 3914082 TI - [Analysis of various papers by Pierre Janet]. PMID- 3914083 TI - [Current interest in Pierre Janet]. PMID- 3914084 TI - [The feeling for the demand and ways to respond]. PMID- 3914085 TI - Cervical spine disorders. A comparison of three types of traction. AB - A randomized clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of three commonly employed forms of traction in the treatment of cervical spine disorders. One hundred consenting men and women with disorders of the cervical spine were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups, static traction, intermittent traction, manual traction, or no traction. All patients, regardless of group assignment, were seen twice weekly. The four groups were shown to be similar with regard to age, sex, diagnosis, chronicity, and prescores on the seven outcome measures. Although the entire cohort of neck patients, regardless of group assignment, improved significantly on all the outcome variables over the 6-week period, patients receiving intermittent traction performed significantly better than those assigned to the no traction group in terms of pain (P = 0.03), forward flexion (P = 0.01), right rotation (P = 0.004) and left rotation (P = 0.05). PMID- 3914086 TI - Ultrasound of the spine in focal stenosis and disc disease. AB - In the course of reviewing ultrasound scans of the lumbar spine in 67 symptomatic patients, focal stenosis, either as an isolated finding or in conjunction with diffuse stenosis, was noted in 44 patients. The results of ultrasonograms are compared with findings at myelography and surgery. In addition, using gray-scale technique, we found it possible to examine areas of focal stenosis and to visualize herniated discs with a high degree of accuracy. The finding of focal stenosis alone was associated with disc herniation in 53% of patients who came to surgery. Where ultrasound identified a "triple density" representing soft-tissue protrusion between two bony landmarks within the extradural space resulting in focal stenosis, the sensitivity for indicating disc disease was 89%. PMID- 3914087 TI - Treatment of symptomatic spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis with the modified Boston brace. AB - Sixty-seven persons with symptomatic spondylolysis or grade 1 spondylolisthesis were treated with the modified Boston brace. The average age was 16.0 years, and the average follow-up was 2.5 years. Following treatment, 52 persons (78%) had either an excellent or good result with no pain and returned to full activities. Nine (13%) continued to have mild symptoms, and six (9%) subsequently required fusion in situ. Twelve of the patients showed radiographic evidence of healing of their pars defect(s). This group and those with the best overall results tended to be men with spondylolysis and relatively acute onset of symptoms. Age, delay in treatment, spina bifida, and bone scan result did not correlate with the ultimate clinical result. PMID- 3914088 TI - [The importance of ultrasonic diagnosis in tumors of the internal genital organs in gynecology and obstetrics]. PMID- 3914089 TI - [Plague then and now--significance and diagnostic problems]. PMID- 3914090 TI - [Fibronectin--functions, structure, immunological aspects and relation to collagen disease]. PMID- 3914091 TI - [Castable apatite ceramics--its development and clinical application--3]. PMID- 3914092 TI - [Fabrication of duplicate dentures using the TRIAD denture system]. PMID- 3914093 TI - [Induced abortion: we could do better]. PMID- 3914094 TI - Endocrine therapy for prostate cancer. AB - Prostate cancer consists of epithelial and stromal elements that are heterogeneous with regard to androgen dependence. Nearly 80% of patients with symptomatic metastatic prostate cancer obtain prompt objective and subjective response to androgen deprivation. Surgical castration remains an effective form of therapy, has low morbidity, and obviates compliance problems with medical regimens. New LH-RH analogs offer complete medical androgen deprivation, appear as effective as estrogen therapy at 2-year follow-up, and have significantly lower cardiovascular side effects. Thus, LH-RH analogs may replace estrogen therapy for the medical management of metastatic prostate cancer. Androgen deprivation therapy has not been proved to prolong the survival of patients with prostate cancer. The optimal timing for initiation of endocrine therapy in these patients remains controversial. Techniques for predicting androgen dependence of prostate cancer are still evolving and are not yet applicable on a widespread clinical basis. PMID- 3914095 TI - Prenatal diagnosis and management of endocrine and metabolic disorders. PMID- 3914096 TI - Pathogenesis and management of abnormal puberty. AB - In the prepubertal child, the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (H-P-G) axis is functional and extremely sensitive to negative feedback inhibition by low circulating levels of sex steroids. This feedback system may be under the control of unknown CNS inhibitory mechanisms. Clinical signs of puberty are preceded by increased pulsatile secretion of hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) followed by increased pituitary responsiveness to GnRH. Gonadotropin secretion, particularly LH, increases in both sexes, especially during sleep, resulting in gonadal stimulation, secretion of sex steroids, and progressive physical maturation. When any phase of the H-P-G axis malfunctions, abnormal puberty can result. Abnormal puberty may be precocious or delayed. When puberty is precocious it may be isosexual or heterosexual, complete or partial, intermittent (unsustained), or progressive. True (central) precocious puberty is usually progressive, and hormonally reflective of normal puberty, although occurring at an earlier age, whereas intermittent or unsustained precocious puberty usually is associated with immature patterns of gonadotropin secretion, or with complete gonadotropin suppression as in precocious pseudopuberty (ovarian or adrenal tumors). Cranial axial tomography, gonadotropin response to GnRH, and pelvic ultrasound in girls are useful tools to aid in the differential diagnosis of these conditions. Intermittent, or unsustained, puberty in girls is usually self-limited, requiring no medical or surgical intervention. True progressive central precocity may now be managed with GnRH analogues, which effectively arrest pubertal changes as well as slow rapid linear growth and skeletal maturation. Although a maturation lag usually explains most patterns of delayed puberty, it is often challenging to exclude other conditions that may contribute to slow pubertal progression, such as chronic illness, excessive exercise, emotional stress, anorexia, or drug use. Elevated serum gonadotropin levels direct further evaluation toward etiologies of gonadal failure, including gonadal dysgenesis, Klinefelter syndrome, and chemotherapy/irradiation damage. Both low gonadotropins and absence of or immature gonadotropin response to GnRH administration after a bone age of 11 years in girls and 13 years in boys point toward hypopituitarism or isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Management with administration of gradually incremented amounts of sex steroids at an appropriate psychologic age usually leads to enhanced linear growth, physical maturation, and improved self-esteem. PMID- 3914097 TI - Hypothalamic hypogonadism. AB - The reproductive system consists of a series of feedback loops involving the higher centers, the hypothalamus, the pituitary, and the gonads. The factors involved in physiologic restraint of the hypothalamic pituitary gonadal axis until the time of puberty are complex. The pattern (frequency and amplitude) of GnRH signal is important in regulating pituitary LH and FSH secretion. This signal can be amplified and modulated at the pituitary level at least in part by the sex steroids. Hypothalamic hypogonadism can be considered a disorder of the hypothalamic GnRH pulse generator that results in deficient or dysrhythmic GnRH release. The mechanisms underlying the abnormal GnRH release in acquired, functional disorders such as anorexia nervosa and amenorrhea of joggers remain controversial. Evaluation of patients with hypothalamic hypogonadism involves exclusion of hyperprolactinemia, space-occupying lesions, and other systemic disorders. The pulsatile administration of GnRH for induction of fertility represents a major advance in the treatment of these patients. PMID- 3914099 TI - Alternative routes of peptide hormone administration. PMID- 3914098 TI - Clinical, endocrinologic, and biochemical effects of zinc deficiency. AB - The requirement of zinc for humans was recognized in the early 1960s. The causes of zinc deficiency include malnutrition, alcoholism, malabsorption, extensive burns, chronic debilitating disorders, and chronic renal diseases; use of certain drugs such as penicillamine and, in some cases, diuretics; and genetic disorders such as acrodermatitis enteropathica and sickle cell disease. The requirement of zinc is increased in pregnancy and during growth. The clinical manifestations of severe zinc deficiency include bullous-pustular dermatitis, alopecia, diarrhea, emotional disorder, weight loss, intercurrent infections, and hypogonadism in males; zinc deficiency can be fatal if unrecognized and untreated. A moderate deficiency of zinc is characterized by growth retardation and delayed puberty in adolescents, hypogonadism in males, rough skin, poor appetite, mental lethargy, delayed wound healing, taste abnormalities, and abnormal dark adaptation. In mild cases of zinc deficiency in human subjects, we have observed oligospermia, slight weight loss, and hyperammonemia. Zinc is a growth factor. As a result of its deficiency, growth is affected adversely in many animal species and humans, probably because zinc is needed for protein and DNA synthesis and cell division. The effects of zinc and growth hormone on growth appear to be independent of each other in experimental animals. Whether zinc is required for the metabolism of somatomedin needs further investigation. Thyroid and adrenal functions do not appear to change as a result of zinc deficiency. Glucocorticoids may have an effect on zinc metabolism, although the clinical relevance of this effect is not known at present. In contrast, testicular function is affected adversely as a result of zinc deficiency in both humans and experimental animals. The effect appears to be a direct one since the hypothalamic-pituitary axis is intact, and may relate to the reduction in testicular size as a result of the need for zinc in cell division. In addition, zinc is required for the function of several testicular enzymes, although a specific role in steroidogenesis has not been identified. Zinc appears to have a role in the modulation of prolactin secretion, in the secretion and action of insulin, and in the production and biologic effects of thymic hormones. It is clear that the endocrine consequences of zinc deficiency are multiple, and that continued investigation should provide additional pathophysiologic and therapeutic insights. PMID- 3914100 TI - Effects of rehabilitation with conventional removable partial dentures on oral health--a cross-sectional study. Part II. A comparative study of treatment results at two Public Dental Clinics and the Faculty of Odontology in Gothenburg. AB - Sixty-five patients from two counties, rehabilitated with conventional partial dentures, participated in a clinical study of oral and denture hygiene, periodontal health, incidence of caries, denture retention and frequency of use. The clinical study was supplemented with an anonymous questionnaire. The aim of the study was to describe the consequences of the treatment with respect to the oral tissues and to compare the findings with those in a corresponding study of patients treated at the Faculty of Odontology in Gothenburg. The results show deficiencies in periodontal and cariological pretreatment and follow-up. The subjective results of the prosthodontic treatment seem, however, to be satisfactory, as was the frequency of use of the dentures (92 per cent). The study shows a need to improve the quality of dental care for adults. The current decline in demand for dental care for children should release resources for treatment of adults in the Public Dental Service. PMID- 3914101 TI - Dentistry for celebrities: the Hollywood scene. PMID- 3914102 TI - The Edgar Buchanan story. Dentistry and drama. PMID- 3914105 TI - [Experimental animal studies of the positional effect of chemically denatured compact bone chips]. PMID- 3914104 TI - Influence of pulse-wave ultrasonic irradiation on the prenatal development of mouse. AB - C3H/He mouse embryos in utero were exposed to intensepulsed ultrasound on the 8th day of gestation (VP day = 0). Fetal anomaly was observed in mice exposed for 5 min to 58.6 W/cm2 peak intensity pulsed ultrasound, but not in those of a group exposed to a reduced peak intensity having the same pulse width and repetition frequency. In spite of similar average acoustic intensities, the group exposed to the higher intensity (59.4 W/cm2) exhibited fetal anomaly. There was no fetal anomaly in the lower peak intensity group. No increase in fetal anomay was observed after exposure to ultrasound having a smaller pulse width (3 microseconds), even though the peak intensity was 56.3 W/cm2. It is suggested that teratogenecity may depend on both the peak intensity and the pulse width of the ultrasound. Critical acoustic intensity on the 8th day of pregnancy in mice is estimated to be 60 W/cm2 SATP and 1.2 W/cm2 SPTA values. PMID- 3914103 TI - The intermediate filaments in human hepatocytes. AB - The intermediate filaments (IFs) in human hepatocytes were studied in biopsy specimens from patients with minimal histological changes. They were clearly visualized three-dimensionally by using polyethylene-glycol-embedding method after washing out cellular organelles and other components of cytoskeletons with a solution containing 0.15% Triton X-100 and saponin 0.5 mg/ml. We demonstrated that IFs were distributed throughout the cytoplasm in a meshwork fashion, attached to the junctional complex, encircled the bile canalicular lumen, and were directly attached to nucleus. Even after extensive washout of cytoplasmic structures, hepatocytes did not collapse, with the nuclei situated at due places in the cells. These findings may support the view that IFs play a role in nuclear positioning and in keeping the cytoplasmic space in human hepatocytes. PMID- 3914106 TI - [Bond strength of silanized denture teeth in denture base materials]. PMID- 3914107 TI - [Functional shaping of the occlusal surface of a 1-piece cast bridge]. PMID- 3914108 TI - [Photoelastic model studies on environmental stress of functionally loaded endosseous dental implants]. PMID- 3914109 TI - [Effect of surface properties of fired non-precious metal alloys on the structure and adhesion of metal-ceramics composites]. PMID- 3914110 TI - [Further laboratory studies on the completion of classification criterias for dysplasia in oral precancerous conditions]. PMID- 3914111 TI - [Morbidity analysis in a cross-sectional study of a standard population. 2: Tooth loss--dental prosthesis]. PMID- 3914113 TI - The evolution and vicissitudes of directional scanning. AB - The relationship between Directional Scanning and Eye/Hand Dominance is confused. Both seem to have emerged in the Bronze Age, when patterns of artistry and cursive writing became fixed; but, by the time the alphabet was invented, the patterns became complicated by human perversity and racial rivalries, with an interesting, often damaging, legacy to the civilisations and cultures that followed. PMID- 3914112 TI - Duke-Elder lecture. Prospects for the dry eye. PMID- 3914114 TI - The pros and cons of modelling malaria transmission. AB - The question is approached through three examples. Ross's model, although very simple and formulated a priori, yielded important epidemiological insights: the existence of a threshold contact rate (vectorial capacity); the decreasing sensitivity of the endemic level to changes in the contact rate, as the latter gets larger; the return to the same equilibrium endemic level, as long as the contact rate remains the same; the progressively decreasing impact of a given reduction in the contact rate until a new equilibrium is reached. The second example is Macdonald's model, in particular his sensitivity analysis; two constraints are pointed out: the weakest point, on which to concentrate control efforts, cannot be identified automatically by the sensitivity analysis; the calculation of the expected impact of an intervention commonly assumes too much uniformity (e.g. of human of vector behaviour) and this commonly leads to exaggerated expectations. The third example is the Garki model, briefly considered in terms of its assumptions, of its behaviour, of its actual utilization (only for teaching, so far), and of the cost of its development. Looking forward, three uses of models are discussed. It is suggested that, critically used, they have a place in training, in planning control and in research. With respect to their application to planning, it is argued that the need for new data is not necessarily great, also that some rather difficult direct measurements might be substituted by indirect measurements, a point illustrated by the expected relationships, following the Garki model, between different dimensions of "intensity" of malaria.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3914115 TI - Drug-resistant malaria--changing patterns mean difficult decisions. PMID- 3914116 TI - In vitro assessment of sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine and mefloquine in Ghana. AB - An in vitro study of sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine and mefloquine in Ghana is described. Results of 60 short-term cultures from 36 patients are evaluated. No sign of chloroquine resistance was found as all microtests showed complete inhibition of maturation at a level of 0.8 X 10(-6) M. For mefloquine schizont maturation was seen at higher levels of the drug. However, the estimated EC99, with 2.2830 X 10(-6) M is probably within the range of sensitivity. PMID- 3914117 TI - Leishmania infecting man and wild animals in Saudi Arabia. 1. General survey. AB - Using up to 13 enzymes, biochemical characterization of 75 isolates of Leishmania made from man, wild animals and sandflies from a wide variety of localities in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has revealed the presence of L. major (two similar zymodemes), L. tropica (two zymodemes) and a parasite of the L. donovani-L. infantum complex. Zymodeme LON-4 of L. major has been found in 52 of 53 isolates so far characterized from man, from one specimen of Phlebotomus papatasi, from 15 Psammomys obesus, from one Meriones libycus and from one dog. One isolate from man has been identified as a new variant of L. major. This variant, zymodeme LON 65, varies from zymodeme LON-4 in a single enzyme. While this is the only example of zymodeme LON-65 identified so far, zymodeme LON-4 has also been obtained from Kuwait and Iraq. These are the first reports of L. major in Meriones libycus from Saudi Arabia and the first proven isolate from the dog in any country. L. tropica was identified from only two foci, whereas L. major appears to be widely distributed in the Kingdom. Two infants with kala-azar were found to be infected with a parasite apparently identical to zymodeme LON-42 of L. donovani (sensu lato) which also occurs in the highlands of Ethiopia. PMID- 3914118 TI - Recovery of potential pathogens from feeding bottle contents and teats in Zaria, Nigeria. AB - Pathogens were recovered from the contents of 41 out of 50 feeding bottles and from 32 teats in a survey in Zaria, Nigeria. 39 bottle contents and 30 teats yielded enteric pathogens. Traditional weaning gruels were more contaminated than were commercial feeds. Koko bottles yielded more pathogens than Akamu bottles. Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli was the most common pathogen recovered, seen more in bottle contents than teats. Bottle hygiene was poor and cleaning methods and feeding practices were not satisfactory. Lack of facilities in the home prevented better hygiene. Prolonged pre-cooking preparation, storage of gruels in bulk for the whole day in thermos flasks or enamel bowls, and inadequate hygiene in the preparation of commercial feeds resulted in the large recovery of pathogens. Alternate feeding methods were suggested and the need for the practice of good hygiene by all who are involved in the preparation of infant feeds was emphasized. PMID- 3914119 TI - Hookworm infection in Kweneng District, Botswana, A prevalence survey and a controlled treatment trial. AB - Stool specimens from a sample of schoolchildren at six schools in Kweneng District were examined for hookworm infection, using the brine flotation method. Necator americanus was the only hookworm identified. The western part of the District forms part of the Kalahari Desert, and in four villages here 90%, 88%, 88% and 86% of the children were infected. In two villages in the eastern non desert part, only 13% and 9% were infected. Most infections were light. There was no significant correlation between severity of infection and anaemia. In one school (228 pupils; 86% infected with hookworm), half the children were treated with tetrachloroethylene (0.1 ml/kg, maximum 5 ml) and the other half with placebo. Two weeks after treatment the prevalence of infection were 28% and 75% respectively (p less than 0.001), and five months after treatment 51% and 69% (p less than 0.05). Measured over the five-month period there were no significant changes in haemoglobin and nutritional status (weight/height). Based on the results of the survey, a hookworm mass treatment programme was not recommended. PMID- 3914120 TI - Wuchereria bancrofti in Tanzania: immune reactions to the microfilarial surface, and the effect of diethylcarbamazine upon these reactions. AB - Immune reactions to the surface of microfilariae (mff) of Wuchereria bancrofti were investigated among persons living in an endemic filariasis area of Tanzania. The sera from a proportion of mff-negative persons contained antibodies to the microfilarial sheath, and a clear correlation was seen between presence of anti sheath antibodies and the ability of the sera to mediate leucocyte attack on the mff in vitro. The anti-sheath antibodies were mainly of the IgG class and to a lesser degree of the IgM class. Only in some sera did the binding of antibody to the microfilarial sheath lead to deposition of C3 on the sheath. The cuticle of some of the sheathless mff activated complement without presence of anti-cuticle antibody. Further, the effect of diethylcarbamazine (DEC) administration in vivo (i.e., as full course treatment or as Day Provocative Test) and in vitro (i.e., applied directly to the immune tests) on the reactions to the microfilarial surface was examined. No interference of this anti-filarial drug was, however, observed, neither on the ability of sera to mediate leucocyte attack on mff in vitro, nor on complement activation and C3 deposition on the microfilarial sheath. PMID- 3914121 TI - Exchange transfusion in severe falciparum malaria. AB - Three cases of severe falciparum malaria with high parasitaemia, one of them complicated by disseminated intravascular coagulation, were treated with exchange transfusion in addition to conventional chemotherapy. All three made a good recovery. There are few previous reports of this treatment which deserves wider attention and further assessment. PMID- 3914122 TI - Mystic fevers. PMID- 3914123 TI - Development of Mansonella ozzardi in the Liverpool strain of Aedes aegypti. PMID- 3914124 TI - About the hypnozoites of the vivax-like group of Plasmodia. PMID- 3914125 TI - On the microdistribution and sexuality of Trypanosoma cruzi. PMID- 3914126 TI - Vitamin E in the treatment of viral hepatitis. PMID- 3914127 TI - [Paget's disease of bone]. PMID- 3914128 TI - [Ultrasonic and surgical correlates in abdominal hydatid cysts: apropos of 50 primary cases studied by ultrasonics 1983-84]. PMID- 3914129 TI - Keratomycosis and amphotericin B. PMID- 3914130 TI - Posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy: a disease characterized by epithelial like endothelial cells which influence management and prognosis. AB - This thesis contains a clinical and laboratory summary of findings in PPMD and, for the first time, reports the results of a large series of patients who underwent keratoplasty surgery. Posterior polymorphous dystrophy is bilateral and autosomal dominantly inherited. Slit lamp findings include corneal edema in the more advanced cases, calcific and lipid degenerative changes in severe cases, band-like lesions at the level of Descemet's membrane, localized or diffuse thickenings of Descemet's membrane, posterior corneal vesicular-like lesions, islands of abnormal cells surrounded by normal-appearing endothelial cells. Iridocorneal adhesions ranged in severity from fine or broad-based adhesions seen only on gonioscopy to large iridocorneal adhesions often associated with a glass like membrane that are seen easily by slit lamp examination. All patients with broad-based iridocorneal adhesions have elevated intraocular pressure. Some patients have elevated pressure but no adhesions. Laboratory examination of corneal, iris, and trabecular meshwork tissue from patients undergoing penetrating keratoplasty and filtering operations reveals an abnormal endothelial cell layer covering the posterior cornea and growing across the trabecular meshwork and onto the iris. Although this tissue contains a variety of cells, the most prominent type is an epithelial-like cell. Extensive laboratory studies demonstrate features in common between the epithelial-like cells and normal epithelium. These include a multilaminar pattern, desmosomal junctions, microvillous projections, cytoplasmic keratin, sparse mitochondria, and rapid growth in tissue culture. These cells appear to determine the management and prognosis of patients with PPMD undergoing surgery. Twenty-two corneal transplants were performed on 20 eyes of 13 patients with PPMD. Their ages ranged from 11 to 77 years. The follow-up time after keratoplasty averaged 4.75 years. Nine grafts (41%) failed. Two failed because of an endothelial rejection, three because of glaucoma, one because of a retrocorneal membrane, two from both a retrocorneal membrane and glaucoma, and one from both an endothelial rejection and glaucoma. Thus, glaucoma was involved in six of the nine failures (27% of all grafts). Clinically visible retrocorneal membranes formed in 4 of the 22 grafts. All four eyes had preoperative slit lamp-visible iridocorneal adhesions. The factor that most prominently influences keratoplasty prognosis is the presence of iridocorneal adhesions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3914133 TI - [Wider potentials for determining the circulating blood volume in clinical practice]. AB - Methods of dilution of the dye T-1824 and electroplethysmography with the help of an apparatus for integral rheography of the body were used in 31 parallel determinations of the circulating blood volume. It was shown that in patients without pronounced disorders of hemodynamics and water-electrolytic state the second method is not inferior to the so-called "standard" method. The circulating blood volume was determined by the electroplethysmographic method with the N.M. Shestakov formula modified by the authors in patients with noncomplicated calculous cholecystitis. It was shown that the certain rate of the infusion therapy can maintain the preoperative level of volemia in the patients during operation. PMID- 3914134 TI - [Abdominal hypothermia in the treatment of postoperative peritonitis]. PMID- 3914135 TI - [Surgical treatment of recurrent and acquired fistulae of the rectum and urogenital system in children]. AB - The authors describe methods of surgical treatment of 63 children with recurrent and acquired fistulas of the rectum with genitourinary system, specific features of the surgery depending on the character of the pathologic state. An original method of the abdomino-perineal proctoplasty and improved means of draining the wounds are presented. Questions of preoperative preparation and postoperative management are discussed. PMID- 3914132 TI - Inflammatory mechanisms in corneal ulceration. PMID- 3914136 TI - The effect of selenium deficiency in goats on lymphocyte production of leukocyte migration inhibitory factor. AB - The effect of dietary selenium on caprine leukocyte migration inhibitory factor (LMIF) production was examined in vitro using lymphocytes from goats fed a diet deficient in selenium. Selenium deficiency was determined by decreased plasma glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). The ability of peripheral blood lymphocytes to produce LMIF induced by concanavalin A (Con A) was significantly (P less than 0.05) inhibited when cells from selenium-deficient and selenium-adequate goats were compared. In contrast, no significant (P greater than 0.05) differences were found between lymphocytes from selenium-deficient and selenium-adequate goats for Interleukin-2 (IL-2) production and blastogenesis induced by Con A. These data suggest that selenium deficiency may selectively impair LMIF production and hence the ability of lymphocytes to modulate neutrophil migration. PMID- 3914131 TI - Tear analysis in contact lens wearers. AB - Tear analysis in contact lens wearers was compared with tear analysis in aphakics without contact lens wear and normal phakic patients. Subjects were divided into five groups: group 1, aphakic without contact lens; group 2, phakic with daily wear hard contact lens; group 3, phakic with daily-wear soft contact lens; group 4, phakic with extended-wear soft contact lens; and group 5, aphakic with extended-wear soft contact lens. The experimental groups were compared with age- and sex-matched control groups for statistical analysis of tear variables by means of the Student's t-test. The variables measured were tear osmolarity, tear albumin, and lysozyme and lactoferrin concentrations in basal and reflex tears. Highly significant elevations of tear osmolarity were found in aphakic subjects without contact lenses. Less significant differences in tear osmolarity were found in phakic subjects with hard daily-wear lenses or with extended-wear soft lenses. Tear albumin, lysozyme, and lactoferrin in basal and reflex tears were not significantly different in the different groups of contact lens wearers or in the group of aphakic subjects without contact lenses compared with their control groups. Individual variations in tear albumin, lysozyme, and lactoferrin appeared to be responsible for the inability to demonstrate significant differences in tear composition in association with the wearing of different types of contact lenses. Older and aphakic patients demonstrated a tendency to have increased concentrations of proteins in the tears compared with younger, phakic contact lens wearers and normal controls without contact lenses. PMID- 3914137 TI - [Significance of lead pollution in human intrauterine development]. PMID- 3914138 TI - [Tonometry of the transplanted kidney]. PMID- 3914139 TI - [The Adie-Holmes syndrome]. PMID- 3914140 TI - [In memory of William Withering (1741-1799). On the 200th anniversary of the work, "An account of the foxglove and some of its medical uses"]. PMID- 3914141 TI - Ella P. Stewart, PLG. PMID- 3914142 TI - Christian perspectives for medical education: general concepts of health and education. PMID- 3914143 TI - The Aaron B. Lerner Symposium. June 22, 1985. PMID- 3914144 TI - Melatonin as a hormone in humans: a history. AB - This article describes the history of melatonin's transformation, in the perception of the biomedical community, from a skin-lightening agent in amphibians to a hormone in mammals, which may also exert important behavioral- and physiological--effects in humans. PMID- 3914145 TI - [Operative treatment of hallux varus duplex]. AB - The double great toe is a very rare deformity of the foot. This paper describes two cases with such a bilateral anomaly. In both cases the accessory toe was found lateral and not as described in literature medial. Surgery was done by excision of the rudimentary lateral great toe and correction of the varus position of the hallux by the use of a rotational skin flap. PMID- 3914147 TI - [Before the word was coined and ahead of his time -- the orthopedics of Ambroise Pare (1510-1590)]. AB - In the writings of the famous Renaissance surgeon Ambroise Pare we can find very interesting orthopaedic aspects before Nicolas Andry in 1741 created the word "Orthopedie" and Jean Andre Venel in 1780 the first orthopaedic hospital. Some of these aspects will be presented with regard to their unchanged actuality. PMID- 3914146 TI - [Plastic repair of the acetabular floor for acetabular protrusion in total endoprostheses of the hip joint]. AB - The authors describe the early results of the acetabular floor replacement procedure introduced by them. The surgical technique and the exact method of preparing the autograft are described in detail. The authors consider the use of autologous bone preferable to other methods. This technique results in guaranteed bony consolidation. No complications occurred during the three-year observation period, and none of the patients have any complaints. PMID- 3914148 TI - [5 years' experience with fissure sealants]. PMID- 3914149 TI - [Drug discrimination: methodology and current problems]. AB - The purpose of the drug discrimination experiments is, 1) quantitative description of the stimulus properties of drugs, and 2) qualitative description of the stimulus properties, that is, specification of the site of action (central vs peripheral), identification of substance carrying the stimulus property (the drug itself or its metabolites), measurement of similarity to other drugs, and antagonism of the stimulus properties. Feature of drugs as a discriminative stimulus is, 1) change of dose does not mean monotonic change of intensity, that is, different dose may result in different subjective quality, and 2) some drug seems to be a compound stimulus consisting of different stimulus properties, and asymmetric generalization between two drugs and individual differences in generalization tests can be explained in terms of selective stimulus control by different stimulus elements in the compound stimulus. Tolerance, species difference and relationships between the stimulus properties and other drug effects were also discussed. PMID- 3914150 TI - Immunohistological studies on ABH-activities in secretory cells of human major salivary glands--correlation between ABH-activities in the secretory cells and secretor-nonsecretor. AB - The activities of A, B and H in serous cells (S-cells), mucous cells (M-cells) and excretory duct cells were examined in a large number of paraffin sections of three major salivary glands obtained from 91 corpses, using the immunofluorescence technique. The results are: By taking H activity in S-cells of the submandibular gland or A, B and H activity in M-cells of the sublingual gland as an indicator, the salivary glands were classified as Type I showing activity and Type II showing no activity. No glands corresponding to the intermediate type, as seen in the case of saliva, were noted at all. Among 91 corpses, 70 cases were classified as Type I and 21 as Type II. The results matched well with those of Lewis type tested on blood. The frequencies of the typing (Type I; 76.9%, Type II; 23.1%) were approximately in concordance with those of secretor and nonsecretor in Japanese saliva. From these results, it was assessed that the former corresponded to the secretor type in the case of saliva, and the latter to the nonsecretor type. Even in the same individual, both S-cells and M-cells exhibited different productivities of substances, depending on the glands to which they belonged. Namely, only S-cells in the submandibular gland belonging to Type I showed only H activity independent of the blood group of the individual, but the other S-cells in the other major glands did not show any activity for A, B and H. M-cells exhibited strong activity for H and/or A and/or B in the sublingual and submandibular gland and belonged to Type I, but little activity in the sublingual gland belonged to Type II. In the submandibular gland of Type II, some M-cells showed activity and others did not. On the basis of the above results, we discuss the applicability of the present genetic theory concerning the secretor and nonsecretor type in saliva to salivary glands and cells, and further refer to the reasons for appearance of the weak secretor type or intermediate type in saliva. PMID- 3914152 TI - [Results of the neurosurgical treatment of parasagittal meningiomas]. AB - The author reports a series of 79 parasagittal meningiomas; 38 of them were invading the longitudinal sinus. The results, according to their localisation and grade of invasion, are compared to the results in the literature. Different surgical techniques are described. PMID- 3914151 TI - Growth hormone producing pituitary adenoma and meningioma. AB - A 59 years old woman is presented with acromegaly caused by an adenoma of the hypophysis, mixed cell-type and with a meningioma fibromatosum localized centroparietally. Both tumours were operated successfully, first the meningioma was removed. The hormone levels did not change after the operation of the meningioma, but normalized after the removal of the hypophysis adenoma. The simultaneously occurrence--without previous irradiation--of such tumours is very rare. PMID- 3914153 TI - Blood and surface factors of importance for vascular surgery. PMID- 3914154 TI - Low molecular weight plasmids in a Salmonella typhimurium LT2 strain. PMID- 3914156 TI - Sustained initial remission induced by intensive insulin treatment in type I diabetes. Possible role of the genetic background. AB - A remission defined by the possibility of temporarily discontinuing insulin therapy while blood glucose remains normal is not infrequently observed after intensive insulin therapy in newly diagnosed acute type I diabetes in the South of France. In order to analyze possible factors of such a remission, 47 newly diagnosed ketotic diabetics under 35 years of age and of Caucasian origin were enrolled in a prospective study. They were given continuous s.c. insulin infusion for two weeks and oral agents were introduced on day 8. In 16 patients insulin could not be withdrawn. In 31 insulin was stopped for more than 3 months (mean 12.3, range 3-35) while blood glucose remained below 6 mmol/l fasting (mean 5.3) and 7.8 post-prandial (mean 5.1) and glycosylated Hb below 8.5% (mean 6). At presentation, diabetics who later went into remission and those who did not, showed no difference in age (22.3 vs 23.1 years), sex ratio, apparent duration of symptoms (1.4 vs 1.6 months), glycosylated hemoglobin (12.0 vs 13.1%) and basal or post-prandial C-peptide values or presence of islet cell antibodies. No differences were observed in the frequency of DR3 and DR4 antigens in the two groups but diabetics who developed a remission bore the A 19.2 antigen (9/31 vs 1/16) and the B18 one (11/31 vs 1/16) more frequently, A 19.2 and B18 being associated in 7 cases of this group. This increased frequency in the remission group of HLA antigens, more often observed in diabetics of Mediterranean origin, suggests that differences in the genetic background may be associated with a difference in the evolution of the disease. PMID- 3914155 TI - Failure and efficacy of insulin therapy in insulin dependent (type I) diabetic patients. AB - In order to determine the degree of metabolic control (HbA1c [normal less than 5.8%], mean blood glucose [MBG], glucosuria and lipids) and the prevalence of late diabetic complications in insulin-dependent diabetic patients treated by conventional insulin therapy both patients of a diabetes center (DC: n = 130; age 37.1 +/- 1.4 years) and a rural area (RA: n = 73; age 38.4 +/- 2.4 years) were examined within their local setting. Eighty such insulin-dependent diabetic patients were also taught a technique of near normal glycemic insulin substitution (NIS), which separates basal from prandial insulin replacement and instructs the patients to immediately correct self-controlled (3.8 +/- 0.1/day) aberrant blood glucose values. None of the groups on conventional insulin therapy was able to achieve satisfactory metabolic control or to avoid late diabetic complications, but rural patients were even worse off (BG 240 +/- 10 mg/dl; HbA1c 8.7 +/- 0.2% [normal: 3/73 = 4%]) than those of the DC (MBG 191 +/- 5 mg/dl; HbA1c 7.1 +/- 0.2% [normal: 27/130 = 21%]), while the prevalence of late diabetic complications was almost identical (RA/DC: neuropathy 22%/25%; retinopathy 41%/38%; macroangiopathy 15%/13%; but proteinuria 14%/5.4%). Metabolic control was improved by NIS with twice daily injections of basal (long acting) and separately of prandial (regular) insulin (total: 4.8 +/- 0.1 injections/day; MBG 130 +/- 2 mg/dl; HbA1c 5.8 +/- 0.1% [normal: 41/80 = 51%]. We conclude (1) that conventional insulin therapy just prevents metabolic catastrophe but in more than 79% of insulin-dependent diabetic patients lacks the ability to provide good metabolic control, while (2) NIS, a more physiological form of insulin therapy, improves this deplorable situation 5- to 12.4-fold. PMID- 3914157 TI - Immunohistochemical and electron microscopic changes in the endocrine pancreas after thymectomy. AB - This study showed that six months after adult thymectomy blood glucose level in rats was significantly lower compared to that of control animals. The low glucose level found in thymectomized rats was accompanied by structural changes in the pancreatic islets. Electron microscopy and paraldehyde fuchsin (PAF) stained paraffin sections revealed partial degranulation of B-cells. PMID- 3914158 TI - Spontaneous diabetes-like syndrome in WBN/KOB rats. AB - Spontaneous hyperglycemia, glycosuria, hypoinsulinemia, and glucose intolerance were observed in some WBN/Kob rats, at about 9 months of age, and in all at the age of 17 months. Females did not present this pathology. Histopathologic examination of the pancreas revealed severe changes in male rats at the age of 3 months. Between 3 and 6 months of age a distinct infiltration of inflammatory cells was found around islets and among adjacent acinar cells. At the same time, marked fibrosis was seen around the pancreatic ducts and blood vessels. With advancing age the fibrous tissue gradually invaded extensive areas of the pancreas where also the islets became involved in fibrotic degeneration. At 17 months of age and later, an obvious decrease in islet number and size (less than 50 mu in diameter) was observed, even in relatively unaffected areas of the organ. Frequent bilateral cataracts began to appear at about 15 months of age. Opacities were first observed in the periphery of the lens, then increased rapidly in intensity and extended centripetally. Nineteen-month-old male rats were hypersensitive to exogenous insulin, but showed no significant decrease in blood glucose level when treated with oral tolbutamide. These results suggest that these rats suffered from a decreased insulinogenic response. PMID- 3914159 TI - Starvation-induced insulin resistance: influence on 3-O-methylglucose transport. AB - Starvation causes insulin resistance which is partly due to decrease of insulin action on glucose transport in target cells. Preliminary data from other authors suggest that starvation is associated with an increase of the time necessary for insulin to exert its maximum effect on glucose transport. In order to verify this finding, 3-O-methylglucose (3OMG) transport was studied in isolated rat adipocytes from starved and fed rats. The total intracellular space for 3OMG was not modified by 48h starvation. After 48h starvation, 3OMG transport into fat cells was less responsive to maximum insulin concentration than in controls: 33 +/- 2% (controls) vs 23 +/- 4% (starved) of total glucose space, p less than 0.05; the sensitivity to insulin was normal or even increased in comparison to controls: 50% of maximum effect was reached at 42 microU/ml insulin in controls and at 26 microU/ml insulin in starved animals. We could not find any effect of starvation on the time-response curves of insulin action. PMID- 3914160 TI - In vitro insulin effect on acetylcholine esterase of erythrocyte membranes of normal and diabetic rats. AB - Alloxan induced diabetes in rats was associated with a significant reduction in the acetylcholine esterase activity of the erythrocyte membrane. Preincubation of these membranes with insulin caused a rapid but transient stimulation of this enzyme activity in both normal and diabetic rats, the effect being more marked in the latter group. PMID- 3914161 TI - Treatment of infertile couples by intrauterine artificial insemination homologous (AIH) of motile sperm collected by swim-up in human serum. AB - Twenty six couples with long standing infertility were treated by intrauterine AIH. Seminal and/or cervical factors were responsible for negative or poor coital test (PCT); retrograde ejaculation occurred in one case. A highly concentrated motile sperm suspension was obtained by swim-up procedure into fasting human serum and utilized for intrauterine insemination. Timing of ovulation was checked with the aid of ultrasound monitoring of follicular development. Totally, 120 cycles were treated. The pregnancy rate was 23.3%. Intrauterine AIH with motile sperm recovered by swim-up in human serum appears a valuable approach in the treatment of infertile couples with poor PCT as well as in cases of retrograde ejaculation. PMID- 3914162 TI - Pulsatile Gn-Rh induced ovulatory cycles: echographic and endocrine aspects. AB - Five patients with primary hypogonadotrophic amenorrhea were treated for the induction of ovulation with I.V. pulsatile Gn-Rh doses ranging from 2.5 to 12.5 micrograms/90 min) for 15 cycles. Ovulation occurred during Gn-Rh treatment in 7 cycles (A) or after i.m. HGC administration (5,000-10,000 IU) (B = 6) (ovulation rate = 86%). Four pregnancies (A = 2; B = 2) were obtained (in one case there was a twin pregnancy). Echographic and endocrine patterns were evaluated. Ovulatory follicular diameter was 18.3 +/- 6.0 mm, no difference between A and B (21.8 +/- 5.6 and 16.0 +/- 5.1 mm, respectively) was observed. In addition E2 preovulatary plasma levels were similar in the two groups examined (334 +/- 131 and 300 +/- 89 pg/ml, respectively). Also endocrine and echographic profiles of conceptive (C) and non conceptive (NC) cycles were similar. Furthermore all doses resulted effective in determining the ovarian response and no difference was found at different dosage used. It is concluded that pulsatile GnRh is a "physiological" way of inducing ovulation in PHA patients. By analysis of the present data we consider it advisable to induce ovulation by the enhancement of the endogenous LH peak which occurs during Gn-Rh administration (A group) and then periodic injections of HCG can be used for maintaining the luteal function. PMID- 3914163 TI - [Intra-operative echography in hepato-biliary surgery. Preliminary results]. PMID- 3914164 TI - Gregor Mendel and twins. PMID- 3914165 TI - Acute polyhydramnios complicating twin pregnancies. AB - Acute polyhydramnios in the second trimester is a typical complication in monozygous twin pregnancies. It is caused by a feto-fetal transfusion with anemia on the donor and polycythemia on the recipient twin. Contrary to the chronic hydramnios, there is no increase in malformations. In view of the high mortality rate (100%, according to most authors), the clinical management has to be reconsidered. During the years 1979 to 1983, 10 cases of acute polyhydramnios have been observed at the University Hospital in Zurich. This corresponds to an incidence of 9% in our twin population. All cases investigated were MZ twin pregnancies. With the exception of one patient, who underwent an abortion, all women were hospitalized, had bed rest and received recurrent removals of amniotic fluid and prophylactic tocolysis. The mean gestational age at the time of diagnosis was 23 4/7 weeks and at delivery 30 3/7 weeks. In two cases--one of which is presented in detail--with an unintentional puncture of a placental vessel, the recurrence of the hydramnios did not appear. Eight of 18 newborns survived. No malformations were found. Bed rest, tocolysis and recurrent amniocenteses seem to have a positive influence on the prolongation and outcome of the gestation in acute polyhydramnios. PMID- 3914166 TI - A low rate of perinatal deaths for twin births. AB - A specific prenatal care program is proposed to prevent preterm deliveries in twin pregnancies, with ultrasound scanning, early work leave and home visits by midwives. A four-year study has been conducted on 197 pregnancies (160 early followed and booked and 37 late referred). It can be shown that early preterm births and very low birth weights are less frequent in the followed group than in published data, as well as in the late referred pregnancies. The total perinatal mortality rate is 25.6 per 1000 total births. PMID- 3914167 TI - Management in second stage of labour in term twin delivery. AB - A simple program for management of term twin delivery in the second stage of labor is presented. Provided that given selection criteria are met, twins at term are delivered by the vaginal route. PMID- 3914168 TI - Umbilical waveforms in twin pregnancy. AB - Continuous wave Doppler ultrasound was used to study the twin fetus in 76 multiple pregnancies. The technique is not difficult and allowed the identification of the small for gestational age twin in both intrauterine growth failure and twin to twin transfusion syndrome. PMID- 3914169 TI - [Neoplastic transformation of the pluripotential stem cell. II. Regeneration and differentiation of populations of leukemic blast cells]. PMID- 3914170 TI - [Use of the immunofluorescence method for detecting antibodies against blood platelets and granulocytes in pregnant women]. PMID- 3914171 TI - [Preliminary results of the treatment of non-lymphoblastic leukemia and bone marrow dysplasia with small doses of cytosine arabinoside]. PMID- 3914172 TI - [Neoplastic transformation of the pluripotential stem cell. I. Possible molecular mechanisms of neoplastic transformation]. PMID- 3914175 TI - [The red nucleus--in the foot steps of Dr. Ogawa]. PMID- 3914173 TI - [Therapy with interferon (recombinant IFN-alpha-2C) in myeloproliferative diseases with severe thrombocytoses]. AB - 15 patients with myeloproliferative diseases and thrombocythaemia (7 Polycythaemia vera, 5 essential thrombocythaemia, 3 chronic myelogenous leukaemia) were assigned to a therapy with recombinant interferon (recombinant IFN-alpha-2C) in a prospective, controlled trial. Under therapy all patients showed a significant decrease in thrombocyte values. 51% of the patients revealed thrombocyte values within the normal range after 3 months of IFN therapy. Noted side effects of IFN therapy were dose-dependent and clinically well tolerated by the patients. PMID- 3914174 TI - [Interferon in the treatment of multiple myeloma]. AB - The effect of recombinant interferon-alpha-2C monotherapy was compared with the efficacy of VMCP-polychemotherapy in 42 patients with multiple myeloma in a prospective randomized multicenter trial. IFN-treatment induced remissions (R) in 2 (14%) and partial remissions (PR) in 4 (29%) out of 14 evaluable patients. 7 patients remained stable. Polychemotherapy induced R in 11 (57%) and PR in 6 (32%) of 19 evaluable patients. 2 (11%) patients remained stable. IFN was preferentially active in patients with low tumor burden and patients with IgA paraprotein. The proportion of responders (R + PR) was significantly lower in the IFN-arm (43%) compared to the polychemotherapy group (89%; p less than 0,001). PMID- 3914176 TI - New methods revolutionize assays of polypeptide hormones and proteins. PMID- 3914177 TI - Piroxicam in primary dysmenorrhea. AB - Ninety-two patients with primary dysmenorrhea were included in a double-blind randomized crossover trial to study the efficacy of piroxicam on menstrual pain and associated symptoms, with placebo as control. Ninety patients completed the 4 month study period. Piroxicam afforded a highly significant relief from menstrual pain and reduced the need for the supplementary analgesic paracetamol. Piroxicam also had a significant effect on associated symptoms. The drug was well tolerated, with only a few side effects of a mild nature reported and with no difference between the piroxicam and placebo groups in this respect. PMID- 3914178 TI - Lack of effect of arbaprostil on the human non-pregnant uterus. AB - Arbaprostil ((15R)-15-methyl Prostaglandin E2) is being studied for the treatment of gastrointestinal illness. To determine its effect on the human uterus, eight sterilized pre-menopausal women were studied during the proliferative phase of their menstrual cycle. Using a microtransducer catheter, intra-uterine pressures were recorded for at least 30 minutes prior to and 2 hours after arbaprostil administration. Each subject was studied four times, at 48-hour intervals, receiving in a double-blind manner; 0, 10, 25, and 50 micrograms. Arbaprostil at does up to 50 micrograms was found not to have any clinically significant effects on the non-pregnant human uterus. PMID- 3914179 TI - Human endometrium contains relaxin that is progesterone-dependent. AB - The avidin-biotin immunoperoxidase method using two anti-porcine relaxin antisera was employed to study the occurrence of relaxin in the endometrium of 102 pre- or postmenopausal women. Relaxin was not found in the endometrium in the following conditions: 1. normal proliferative phase (n = 27), 2. cystic glandular hyperplasia (n = 12), 3. early secretory endometrium during 1-3 postovulatory days (n = 12), 4. atrophic endometrium from postmenopausal women not taking hormones (n = 7), and 5. atrophic or proliferative endometrium of women undergoing estrogen replacement therapy (n = 5). Relaxin was invariably present 1. in the secretory endometrium from natural cycles after day 3 postovulation (n = 28), 2. in the secretory endometrium of previously unovulatory premenopausal women taking progestogens (n = 6), and 3. in the secretory endometrium during the latter part of the cycle of postmenopausal women undergoing estrogen-progestogen replacement therapy (n = 5). Our results indicate that the occurrence of relaxin in the endometrium is progesterone-dependent, but the corpus luteum is not required for relaxin synthesis to occur in non-pregnant women. The timing of the appearance of relaxin in the endometrium during natural cycles coincides with implantation, thus suggesting a role for relaxin in the early events of human reproduction. PMID- 3914180 TI - No effect of vitamin B-6 against premenstrual tension. A controlled clinical study. AB - Vitamin B-6 100 mg given daily throughout the menstrual cycle was compared with placebo in a randomized, double-blind crossover trial in 34 women who suffered from premenstrual tension. Vitamin B-6 was no better than placebo. There was a substantial period effect, as the women evidenced a considerable preference for the second drug they received, irrespective of whether this was vitamin B-6 or placebo. Blood magnesium was measured; no significant difference was found between the 34 women with premenstrual tension and 10 healthy women without such complaints. Vitamin B-6 caused a small but statistically significant rise in blood magnesium level. In the individual patients, no correlation was found between changes in blood magnesium and premenstrual symptoms. PMID- 3914181 TI - Intra-uterine infection due to Eikenella corrodens. PMID- 3914182 TI - Current status of infant growth measurements in the perinatal period in India. AB - Analysis of currently available information in the Indian literature on the present status of fetal growth measuring birthweight and gestation distribution, and the intra-uterine growth potential of the fetus has pointed to several interesting findings. The incidence of low birthweight is 24-39% and of preterms, 7-22%. In general the process of labour seems to begin at an stage of earlier gestation. A significant proportion of infants that are born with birth weight between -1 SD and -2 SD show high morbidity and mortality, suggesting the need for them to be categorized as a distinct group. The early neonatal mortality varies between 1.5 and 8.4%. The results show a wide variation between hospital and community care, and between privileged and underprivileged. Logistic problems prevent the recording of birth weight at home or in the community. Recent observations reveal that mid-arm circumference (MAC) of newborns has a strong correlation with birth weight and neonatal mortality. MAC can be reliably used to assess fetal growth and for screening high-risk neonates in community care. PMID- 3914183 TI - Immunologic deficiencies in small-for-dates neonates. AB - Health is dependent upon good nutrition because of the interactions of immunologic function with nutritional status. Full-term neonates--and even more so prematures--present with various immaturities of their humoral and cellular immunologic mechanisms, particularly during the first days of life. Foetal growth retardation causes further deficiencies to the immature neonatal host defence mechanisms by decreasing thymic hormone activity and by reducing the numbers and activity of T and B-lymphocytes in their peripheral blood. Furthermore, very low levels of IgG 1 immunoglobulin and reduced bacteriocidal capacity of polymorphonuclear neutrophils have been found in small-for-dates neonates. Impaired immunocompetence in growth-retarded neonates is probably the main cause of the increased frequency and severity of infections they develop. PMID- 3914184 TI - A perinatal growth chart for international reference. AB - The relation between weight and age in the two years following conception describes a gentle S-shaped curve. Between 28 weeks' gestation and 18 weeks' postnatal age the relationship appears linear, indicating a uniform incremental weight gain. The linear part of this curve has been used to help select an arbitrary reference line to reflect the normal average growth of a healthy population during this period. The flattening in the fetal growth curve usually observed after 40 weeks' gestation is considered to be due to the constraint of fetal growth and is therefore ignored. Arguments are advanced for believing that there is a normal distribution of weight around the central tendency at this time, and that, for practical purposes, normally growing fetuses and infants have an almost identical potential growth velocity during this period and differ for the most part only in the weight they have achieved at 28 weeks' gestation. Using these assumptions a versatile reference chart for international use has been created that is easy to remember and to construct. Allowance may be made for biologic variables such as sex and maternal height. It may be used to categorize groups of infants, to study longitudinal growth following delivery, as well as to compare different populations. PMID- 3914185 TI - Key issues in perinatal growth. AB - The key stages and progression of fetal growth are described, together with the related growth-controlling and influencing fetal, maternal, and feto-maternal factors. Placental and genetic influences are discussed. Perinatal outcome for the fetus is emphasized as the key endpoint, and the need, therefore, of fetal growth curves that have predictive value. This is of particular importance in studying the differing outcomes for pre-term and small-for-gestational-age infants. PMID- 3914187 TI - [The phenomenon of the polymorphism of captopril]. PMID- 3914186 TI - Frequency of foetal growth deviations diagnosed by ultrasonic measurement and analysis of their causes. AB - In a population sample, whose congruity with the country-wide population was verified, the birthweight, menstrual age and gestational age (assessed by repeated ultrasonic foetometry in the course of pregnancy) were mutually correlated. A group of 80% of newborns out of the total population sample, in whom no disturbance of foetal growth rate was found throughout the course pregnancy, served as the basis for preparation of the standard of normal foetal growth. In the interval from the 36th to the 42nd week of pregnancy a highly significant linear relationship between gestational age and birthweight was found, without terminal flattening of the "normal foetal growth curve". In the remaining 20% of the population there was a twofold predominance of growth retardation over growth acceleration. PMID- 3914188 TI - [Current status of the methods of prostaglandin analysis]. PMID- 3914189 TI - [A century of psychoanalysis]. PMID- 3914190 TI - Hemorheology: pathophysiological significance. PMID- 3914191 TI - [Gil Vicente and dermatology]. PMID- 3914192 TI - [Evaluation of warm post-ischemia renal damage in the surgery of complex lithiasis (I)]. PMID- 3914193 TI - [Development of the kidney of a child transplanted to an adult]. PMID- 3914195 TI - [Non-invasive treatment of urinary lithiasis. II. Local chemolysis]. PMID- 3914194 TI - [Non-invasive treatment of urinary lithiasis. I. Systemic chemolysis]. PMID- 3914197 TI - [Spontaneous rupture of the renal graft]. PMID- 3914196 TI - [Anesthesia in renal transplantation]. PMID- 3914198 TI - [Retrospective study of 101 renal transplants. I: Global results]. PMID- 3914199 TI - [Retrospective study of 101 renal transplants. II: Vascular complications]. PMID- 3914200 TI - [Retrospective study of 101 renal transplants. III: Urinary complications]. PMID- 3914201 TI - [Retrospective study of 101 renal transplants. IV: Other surgical complications]. PMID- 3914202 TI - [Determination of the infiltration stage of bladder neoplasms with intravesical echography]. PMID- 3914203 TI - Effects of increases in the inspired oxygen fraction on brain surface oxygen pressure fields and regional cerebral blood flow. PMID- 3914204 TI - Myocardial oxygen pressure: mirror of oxygen supply. PMID- 3914205 TI - Oxygen supply and microcirculation of the brain cortex. PMID- 3914206 TI - Oxygen exchanges between blood and resting skeletal muscle: a shunt-sink hypothesis. PMID- 3914207 TI - Skeletal and cardiac muscle oxygenation. PMID- 3914208 TI - Changes in O2 consumption of multicellular spheroids during development of necrosis. AB - Using O2-sensitive microelectrodes oxygen tension profiles were recorded in EMT6 spheroids either showing no necrosis or having developed a small necrotic area in the center. The profiles obtained were in accordance with those measured in previous investigations under similar conditions. The volume-related O2 consumption rate Q in the viable parts of the spheroids could be determined through theoretical considerations. The results show that there is a steep decrease in Q by a factor of three when the spheroids grow from diameters of 200 micron to diameters larger than 1000 micron. The drop in Q mainly occurs in a size range in which central necrosis develops in EMT6-spheroids cultured under these particular conditions. Among other factors, changes in the proliferative status, in extracellular volume fraction or in physiological parameters of the micromilieu in spheroids, such as accumulation of metabolic waste products or of toxic substances from the necrotic area may contribute to the variation in Q observed. PMID- 3914209 TI - Cocaine update: from bench to bedside. AB - The aim of this paper is to review and explore the psychopharmacology of cocaine from two divergent points of view--the chronic user and the laboratory. Cocaine's behavioral effects will be correlated with neurophysiological, neurochemical events, and reports by users of consequences of chronic use. These studies and reports when pieced together offer considerable promise in the development of a natural history of compulsive cocaine use. Additional neurochemical and neurophysiological research investigations are needed to allow for the development of non-addicting treatments for detoxification (a la clonidine) and prophylaxis (a la naltrexone). In the absence of these data cocaine treatment programs have been developed borrowing heavily from self help, contingency contracting and inpatient programs for working addicts. PMID- 3914210 TI - An unusual replication strategy of an animal iridovirus. PMID- 3914211 TI - The molecular biology of geminiviruses. PMID- 3914212 TI - Mosquito cell cultures and the study of arthropod-borne togaviruses. PMID- 3914213 TI - [PPD, PHA and Su-PS skin tests in genitourinary malignancies]. AB - PPA, PHA and Su-PS skin tests were performed on 152 urogenital malignancy patients and the results obtained were analysed in terms of clinical course. The survival rate of 86 patients showing a positive response to the PPD skin test was significantly higher (P less than 0.005) than that of 65 patients showing a negative response to the PPD skin test. Among the 33 renal tumor patients, the positive rate of the 10 patients with stage I tumors to PPD skin test was significantly higher (P less than 0.05) than that of the 13 patients with stage IV tumors. In 68 bladder tumor patients, the response rate to PPD skin test in 47 patients with a low stage tumor was significantly high (P less than 0.05) compared with that in 21 patients with a high stage tumor. Out of 47 patients who died during the 84-month observation period, 10 (21.7%) and 3 (13.3%) showed a response change from negative to positive, in the PPD test and Su-PS test, respectively. It was assumed that 32 of the 46 patients (69.6%), 4 of the 6 patients (66.7%) and 17 of the 23 patients (73.9%) submitted to the PPD, PHA and Su-PS tests, respectively, showed a negative response at the time of their death. PMID- 3914214 TI - [Immunological studies on renal transplantation in rats. Effects of pretransplant blood transfusion on renal graft survival]. AB - An attempt was made to search the mechanism underlying the beneficial effect of blood transfusion effects using the rat renal transplantation model. The mean survival time of (Sprague-Dawley (SD X Wistar)) F1 renal grafts in untreated SD recipients was 11.3 days. Treatment to SD recipients with 1 ml of Wistar whole blood 7 to 21 days prior to transplantation prolonged the mean survival time of (SD X Wistar) F1 renal grafts and maximum effect of prolongation (greater than 81.3 days) was seen when renal transplantation was performed on the 9th day after the treatment. Treatment with Wistar bone marrow cells, red blood cells and platelets 9 days before transplantation prolonged the mean survival time to greater than 41.0 days, greater than 39.3 days and greater than 46.9 days, respectively, whereas no significant effect was observed in the SD recipients pretreated with Wistar thymocytes or with Wistar plasma. Third party blood transfusion also had moderate effects on the prolongation of renal graft survival, but maximum effects of blood transfusion were obtained by donor specific blood transfusion. Sera taken from SD rats at various times after the treatment with Wistar whole blood were assayed for their ability to suppress the mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR) of SD responder and (SD X Wistar) F1 stimulator cells. Suppressor activity rapidly increased with time up to 7 days after blood transfusion. Potent suppression of the MLR was observed with sera obtained between 7 and 15 days after the treatment. Thereafter, suppressor activity gradually decreased but sera obtained even 21 days after the treatment still suppressed the MLR by more than 50%. The experimental results suggest that MLR suppressor factor(s) generated in the recipients by blood transfusion may play an important role in preventing renal graft rejection. Furthermore, not only class II antigens but also class I antigens in the transfusate may be relevant to the immune response which causes a beneficial effect by pretransplant blood transfusion. PMID- 3914215 TI - [Urinary diversion with the Kock continent ileal reservoir: report of 13 cases]. AB - We tried the new method of urinary diversion via a continent ileal reservoir, reported by Kock in 1982, and now being accepted with great enthusiasm and satisfaction not only by doctors, but also by patients in Europe and in the United States. With this method, continency with storage of urine under low pressure is well maintained so that no external appliances are necessary. Ileorenal reflux is also prevented with this nipple valve forming technique, minimizing impairment of renal function. We report for the first time in Japan 13 cases, in which this method of innovative urinary diversion was used, with special attention paid to its demanding surgical technique and early results with its complications. From November, 1984 to August, 1985, we performed urinary diversion via the Kock pouch in 13 cases: 10 males and 3 females, from 35 to 67 years old (mean age 49 years), 11 bladder cancer patients, and 2 rectal cancer patients. The 2 patients with rectal cancer died from cancer and 1 bladder cancer patient with psychosis died from mental crisis 4 months after the operation. Of the 10 cases followed up long enough, 7 cases were in excellent condition with complete continence, 2 cases were in good condition with minor leak due to intermittent prolapse of the nipple valve, and in one case with failure, due to the postoperative ileus and eversion of the nipple valve, which made it difficult to catheterize into the pouch. Excision of the pouch and conversion to the standard ileal conduit was performed by reoperation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3914216 TI - Mononuclear phagocytic cells in peritoneal exudates of guinea pigs: a comparison of inducing agents. AB - Peritoneal macrophages are used for immunologic assessment of the lymphokine, migration inhibitory factor (MIF). For this purpose, these cells are induced intraperitoneally in animals with inflammatory agents such as mineral oil (MO) and peptone water (PW). Purpose of the present study was two-fold: To assess the changes in biologic properties of guinea pig macrophages induced peritoneally with MO or PW as compared to control cells after administration of normal saline (NS); and to examine the suitability of induced macrophages to respond to MIF in vitro. Peritoneal exudate cells were harvested from guinea pigs 7 days following intraperitoneal injection of MO, PW or NS. They were enumerated in hemocytometers, their differential counts determined by Wright's stain and morphologic characteristics assessed by scanning electron microscopy. Functional activation of peritoneal macrophages was determined by lysosomal enzyme functions, as well as by yeast phagocytosis in vitro. Random cell migration and responses to migration inhibitory factor (MIF) were determined in Mackaness chambers. Mineral oil injection resulted in significantly higher yield of peritoneal macrophages. Greater than 70% of peritoneal exudate cells were macrophages in all three groups. Spread out structures and ruffled borders were seen in electron micrographs of MO induced cells. Such structures were less evident in PW induced cells and were absent in controls. Acid phosphatase (ACP) and beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase (B-NAG) activities as well as yeast phagocytosis significantly increased in MO and PW induced cells. Random migration and responses to MIF in Mackaness chambers remained comparable in the three experimental groups. PMID- 3914217 TI - Freestanding emergency centers: regulation and reimbursement. AB - The freestanding emergency center, which combines the functions of a doctor's office and a hospital emergency room, has emerged as a new provider of health care. These centers have generated considerable controversy over their role in the health care market. Proponents argue that freestanding emergency centers reduce costs by providing care in a more efficient manner and cause other health care providers such as hospital emergency rooms to reduce costs and improve service. Opponents argue that the centers create an additional layer of health care which duplicates existing services and increases total health care costs. This Note examines the controversial issues of licensure, regulation and reimbursement. The Note concludes that freestanding emergency centers can help to reduce health care costs and discusses the steps that should be taken to aid centers in achieving this goal. reduce health care costs and discusses the steps that should be taken to PMID- 3914218 TI - [Double-blind comparative study of ketotifen and a placebo in allergic rhinitis ]. PMID- 3914219 TI - [Bicephalic monstrosities (anterior diplogenesis). Prospects for survival]. PMID- 3914220 TI - [Tribute to the Peruvian martyr of medicine, Dr. Daniel Alcides Carrion, on the centenary of his sacrifice, 1885-1985]. PMID- 3914221 TI - [In memoriam Professor Anton Kiesselbach 1907--1984]. PMID- 3914222 TI - Expression of cathepsin D immunoreactivity in neuroglial cells of rat Corpus callosum cerebri during postnatal development. PMID- 3914223 TI - [Myelodysplastic syndromes]. PMID- 3914224 TI - [Focus on the classification of plasma lipoproteins]. PMID- 3914225 TI - [Vertebral and thoracic osteoarticular manifestations in palmoplantar pustulosis]. AB - Two cases of inflammatory joint disease during attacks of aseptic palmo-plantar pustulosis are reported. Both patients had vertebral involvement: disco-vertebral erosions at several levels in one case and spondylitis and intersomatic ossification in the other. One patient also had sacroiliitis and involvement of the anterior thoracic skeleton (costoclavicular joints, costal cartilages ans xiphoid) confirmed by bone scintigraphy. The relation between this cutaneous articular syndrome and other inflammatory joint diseases, especially ankylosing spondylitis and psoriatic arthropathy are discussed. The very unusual involvement of the anterior thoracic skeleton, the coexistence of aseptic palmo-plantar pustulosis and absence of antigens HLA B27, B13 and B17 suggest a similarity to the pustular osteoarthritis recently described by Japanese workers who grouped this condition with other spondylarthropathies. PMID- 3914226 TI - [Glucose intolerance and post-stimulatory hypoglycemia secondary to a probably congenital intrahepatic portacaval anastomosis]. AB - Recurrent malaise in a 63 year old woman were found to be due to hypoglycaemic episodes. During a 5 hour oral glucose tolerance test, the "impaired glucose tolerance" type initial hyperglycaemic wave was followed by a post-stimulative hypoglycaemia. Serum C-peptide levels were normal during the test, but the insulin response which was initially normal became excessive, with a consequent decrease of the C-peptide/insulin ratio, similar to that usually observed in hepatic malfunction. An hepatic ultrasonography, a cavography and a selective superior mesenteric arteriography showed an intra-hepatic porto-caval anastomosis, probably congenital in origin. This vascular abnormality accounts for the blood glucose problems: the porto-caval shunt explains the early hyperglycaemia by defective liver uptake of glucose and secondary hyperinsulinism occurs because of the reduced hepatic degradation of the insulin secreted in normal quantity. The late hyperinsulinism then leads to secondary hypoglycaemia. PMID- 3914227 TI - [Pulmonary changes caused by cytostatic drugs]. AB - About 80 drugs are known to cause lung disease. Cytostatic agents are the most common cause of this type of iatrogenic disease. In addition to the "intercalating" type of cytostatic, other groups, especially the alkylating (busulfan) and the antimetabolites groups (methotrexate), have also been incriminated. Cytostatic drug-induced lung disease is a difficult diagnosis based on the results of clinical, radiological, respiratory function, histopathological and biological investigations. The results of bronchoalveolar lavage are vital, especially in lung disease due to a drug hypersensitivity reaction; the diagnosis of drug-induced pulmonary fibrosis due to a toxic mechanism is much more difficult and risky. Early diagnosis of these drug-induced lung diseases is obviously important. PMID- 3914228 TI - [Use of information systems in psychiatry]. PMID- 3914229 TI - Collagen fibrillogenesis in human skin. PMID- 3914230 TI - [Cronkhite-Canada disease. Discussion apropos of a case and study of the pigmentation]. AB - In 1955, Cronkhite and Canada described two patients presenting abnormal skin pigmentation, alopecia, onychodystrophy and gastrointestinal polyposis. In the first French case reported here, the skin pigmentation has been the object of a special electron microscope study. M. E..., 48-year old, developed, in 1968, pigmented maculae with a metallic gloss around his pelvic girdle. The melanoderma rapidly expanded, associated with fall of hair, body hairs and eyebrows. Onyxis and perionyxis of the right thumb, milium-like epidermal cysts, tumoral lesions of the keratoacanthoma type on the nose and scrotum and, chiefly, generalized cockade-like bullous erythema associated with buccal erosions soon completed the clinical picture. The bullae were subepidermal, and direct and indirect immunofluorescence tests revealed the presence of antibodies directed against the basal membrane area. A few years later, a gastrointestinal syndrome developed progressively, consisting of liquid diarrhoea (8-10 stools per day) with deterioration of the patient's general condition and loss of weight leading to cachexia and, ultimately, death. During periods when the gastrointestinal symptoms regressed the general condition improved, hair and hairs started growing again and pigmentation was less pronounced. Examinations of the digestive tract discarded a malabsorption syndrome. Endoscopy revealed the presence of false polyps with paved appearance of the colonic and rectal mucosae. The mucosa was congested, inflamed and strewn with ulcerations. Histology showed signs of acute proctitis. The abnormal skin pigmentation was the object of histological and ultrastructural analysis. Under the light microscope the epidermis was thicker than normally with increased melanin content. There was marked pigment leakage with numerous melanophages. At electron microscopy the melanocytes, more numerous, showed increased melanogenic activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3914231 TI - [Recurrence with acute transformation of granulocytic leukemia treated by allogeneic bone marrow graft: specific cutaneous manifestation]. PMID- 3914232 TI - [Basal cell nevus syndrome and ovarian fibroma in 2 sisters: value of systematic abdominal ultrasonic diagnosis]. PMID- 3914233 TI - Polysaccharide vaccines. PMID- 3914234 TI - [Anti-toxin vaccines]. PMID- 3914235 TI - [Vaccines against diarrheal diseases of bacterial origin]. PMID- 3914236 TI - Controlling the bugs. The first decade in the regulation of biotechnology. AB - In late 1984, the Reagan administration proposed a Coordinated Framework for Regulation of Biotechnology. Its proposed regulatory approach appears less constraining than the deep concerns of the 1970s concerning the risk of biotechnology would have suggested. Several distinctive characteristics of the early period of biotechnology, particularly the role of the research community in developing the initial regulatory system and the extent of federal funding, explain this development. The administration's proposal may attract substantial support. However, implementation may lead to conflicts and problems, especially concerning human germ-line gene therapy and environmental release of viable genetically engineered organisms. PMID- 3914237 TI - Food and Drug Administration regulation of medical device biotechnology, and food and food additive biotechnology. AB - The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is facing a flurry of new products coming to market over the next few years that will be based on biotechnology. The agency will have to deal with state-of-the-art drugs and devices utilizing biotechnology as the developmental base. Also, many universities and companies are exploring the potential uses of biotechnology in developing new foods and food additives. This article will examine how the FDA is presently regulating medical device, and food and food additive biotechnology and the challenges confronting the agency in these areas in the future. PMID- 3914238 TI - [Determination of extension in the cancer of the kidney, by echography, computerized axial tomography and arteriography. Comparative study (I)]. PMID- 3914239 TI - Terminolateral arterial microanastomosis. A scanning electron microscopy study. PMID- 3914240 TI - [Erythroblastopenia in a child during treatment of a neuroblastoma]. AB - A 4 year-old child being treated for neuroblastoma developed erythroblastopenia. We used specific erythroid lineage markers (hemoglobin and spectrin) and in vitro erythroid colony assays to characterize this hematologic picture and discuss its relationships with the disease and its treatment. PMID- 3914241 TI - [Hydrocholecystis, unrecognized cause of painful abdominal crises in patients with sickle cell anemia]. AB - The first case of painful abdominal crisis caused by hydrops of the gallbladder during sickle cell disease is reported. The cholecystosonography allowed diagnosis and supervision in a 4 year-old black boy with sickle cell anemia. The persistence of hydrops led to cholecystectomy. Pathophysiology is discussed according to the other etiologies reported in the literature. PMID- 3914242 TI - [Immune relations between mother and child in African endemic malaria]. PMID- 3914244 TI - [Placental lesions in malaria]. AB - Malarial placenta is characterized by the presence of parasites in maternal erythroblasts, by an excess of intervillous macrophages and by an excess of perivillous fibrin deposits stained with malaric pigment. The high frequency of prematures, hypotrophic neonates and still-births in the malarial population is explained by the intervillous macrophages, which decrease the maternal blood output and the perivillous excess of fibrin which reduces the materno-fetal exchanges. PMID- 3914243 TI - [Malarial infection of the placenta. Parasitologic, clinical and immunologic aspects]. AB - Among 1,206 pregnant women tested in Franceville (Gabon), 36.4% showed a positive parasitemia as compared to 21.9% of 154 non pregnant (p less than 0.001). Increase in the incidence of parasitemia appeared at the 4th month of pregnancy with two peaks at the 5th (44.4%) and 9th months (43.6%). Of 741 placenta studied, 33% showed plasmodial pathological changes; placental lesions were associated with a decrease in mean placental weight (26 g; p less than 0.001) and birth weight (220 g; p less than 0.001). Parasitemia during pregnancy and placental changes were more frequent in 1st or 2nd parous women and were associated with a decrease of inhibitory antibody titres in mothers at delivery, and with a synthesis of specific antibodies by the foetus i.e. with a transplacental transmission of plasmodial antigens to the foetus. Maternal inhibitory antibodies were constantly detected in cord blood and this could account for the absence of plasmodium in the 1,128 cord blood samples which have been examined. PMID- 3914245 TI - [Pneumocystis carinii infections]. AB - In children, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonias occur mainly in cases of congenital or acquired immunodeficiencies. Definitive diagnosis rests on the visualization of the parasites, ideally by broncho-alveolar lavage. If the lavage is negative and the patient deteriorates, an open lung biopsy is the next best diagnostic method. Serological methods are unreliable. Treatment with trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole (TMP) should be instituted as early as possible: a serum level of TMP between 5 and 10 micrograms/ml should be attained. If no improvement occurs after three days, pentamidine should be substituted. Systematic chemoprophylaxis should be given to all high-risk patients. PMID- 3914246 TI - [Cryptosporidiosis, isosporiasis, lambliasis in immunologic deficiencies]. AB - Digestive disorders are very frequent in the course of immune deficiencies. Parasitic infestations are often their cause, Giardia lamblia was the first known agent and is chiefly found in deficiencies of humoral immunity. Recent studies allowed a better evaluation of the relationships between the host's immune system and parasite, such as production of anti-Giardia antibodies, presence of non specific anti-Giardia factors in blood and maternal milk and the part played by cellular immunity. Another protozoan of the cryptosporidium species was recently considered as responsible for severe diarrhea in cases with immune deficiencies, especially AIDS and some congenital immune deficiencies (5 cases in children with immune deficiencies and diarrhea during the past 3 years). Children without immune deficiencies may also be contaminated, as shown by several epidemiological studies. Finally, a third type of protozoan, Isospora belli and Isospora hominis was also involved in the occurrence of severe digestive disorders. All these parasitic infestations in children with immune deficiencies were characterized by their difficult treatment, their chronicity and frequent relapse and, overall by the usual association with other bacterial and viral agents. PMID- 3914247 TI - [Malaria chemoprophylaxis. Resistance problems]. AB - Several drugs are used for malaria chemoprophylaxis: 4 amino-quinolines, antifolics, combinations of sulfonamides and antifolics, and new anti-malarial agents, including mefloquine. The indications and contra-indications of their use are reviewed with respect to their tolerance and pharmacokinetics. Severe side effects associated with the administration of sulfonamide + pyrimethamine are discussed. The development of Plasmodium falciparum resistance to chloroquine and other agents creates a new challenge for chemoprophylaxis. The choice of chemoprophylaxis is dictated by the geographical incidence of resistance: in low risk areas (no chloroquine resistance), 4-amino-quinolines should be used because of the good tolerance; in medium risk areas (low frequency of resistant strains), amodiaquine is useful for prophylaxis and presumptive treatment of fevers is indicated; in high risk areas (high incidence of resistant strains), no anti malarial agent but the newly developed mefloquine is effective. PMID- 3914248 TI - Perineuronal glial nets in the rat spinal cord. A Golgi study. AB - Perineuronal glial nets in the rat spinal cord were studied. According to the density of the nets and the thickness of the processes which form them, different types of nets were demonstrated. In addition to nets originating from microglial cells, nets formed by smooth protoplasmic astrocytes are also described. PMID- 3914249 TI - Chlormethine in small doses as immunostimulator--LPS synergism. AB - Normothermic rabbits and rabbits with LPS induced fever were treated with chlormethine (Nitrogranulogen, Ntg) in the doses of 1 microgram/kg and 10 micrograms/kg. The blood was collected 4, 24, 48 hrs and 4, 7, 10 days after Ntg injection. Following indices of immunity were studied: T and B cells number, number of IgM producing cells after immunization with SRBC, serum IgG level, killing activity of neutrophils and number of phagocytized bacteria. It was observed that both doses of Ntg injected intravenously to normothermic rabbits, significantly increased the number of T and B lymphocytes and of IgM producing lymphocytes a well as the level of IgG in the serum, number of phagocytized bacteria and killing activity of neutrophils. Ntg in combination with LPS shortened the period of fever, and through the synergistic effect, significantly increased T lymphocytes number in the blood, IgG level in the serum, number of phagocytized bacteria and killing activity of neutrophils. PMID- 3914250 TI - Migration of isolated rabbit lymphocytes in the course of pharmacological inhibition of pyrogenic fever. AB - The studies concerned in vitro migration of peripheral blood lymphocytes of rabbits given intravenously one dose of E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and antipyretic doses of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), indomethacin (IND) or mefenamic acid (MEFA). In normothermic animals, ASA appeared to inhibit in vitro the spontaneous migration of lymphocytes. Contrary to ASA, MEFA and IND did not produce any significant changes in lymphocytes migration. Four hours after pyrogen injection migration of lymphocytes was slightly enhanced and after 24 h it was significantly inhibited. All non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs examined counteracted this effect. PMID- 3914251 TI - Niridazole as an adjunct to "conventional" immunosuppression in kidney allograft transplantation. Long-term follow up. AB - To assess the value of niridazole as adjuvant immunosuppressant to conventional steroid and azathioprine therapy, a prospective randomized clinical study in 26 cadaver kidney recipients had been performed. No beneficial effect was observed on the kidney graft survival with the addition of niridazole. Neither was there any additional immunosuppressive action demonstrated in the serum of the patients in this group. On the basis of our limited clinical experience niridazole can not be recommended as an adjunct agent for kidney graft recipients. PMID- 3914252 TI - Levamisole treatment of recurrent spastic bronchitis in children--the effect on selected parameters of immunologic and hemostatic systems. AB - 20 children suffering from spastic bronchitis were treated with levamisole, given for 3 consecutive days in two following weeks. Full therapeutic effect was obtained in 16 children and partial effect in 1 child. The clinical improvement was accompanied by an increase of peripheral T lymphocyte number. No significant side effects were observed. PMID- 3914254 TI - [Dura mater bioprosthesis (1971-1982-1985)]. PMID- 3914253 TI - Enhancement by cyclophosphamide of experimental pulmonary metastases formation of Lewis lung carcinoma. II. Reduction of the cyclophosphamide effect by repopulation with cells from lymphoid organs. AB - Cyclophosphamide-induced enhancement of artificial lung metastasis of LL2 could be partly abolished by reconstituting of mice with spleen, lymph nodes or bone marrow cells but not with thymus cells. At cell dose of 10 x 10(6) per mouse the highest reconstituting capacity was found for spleen cells (73%) followed by bone marrow (60%) and lymph nodes cells (22%). Cell dose of 10(6) lymphoid cells per mouse did not reduce the CY-effect. The higher cell number (30 x 10(6) and 50 x 10(6) per mouse) did not abolish completely the CY-effect. The results indicate that in addition to sensitive lymphoid cells there exists another target for CY effect. PMID- 3914255 TI - [100th anniversary of Enjolras Vampre's birth]. PMID- 3914256 TI - [Round table discussion: ultrasound diagnosis of the head and neck]. PMID- 3914257 TI - Acidic pI-alcohol dehydrogenase of mouse liver: purification and characterization. PMID- 3914258 TI - Prevalence of ALDH I isoenzyme among American Indians in Oklahoma. PMID- 3914259 TI - Activities and electrophoretic profiles of alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase in human liver tissues. PMID- 3914260 TI - Open direct ultrasonography: a new useful diagnostic method during gynecologic surgery. PMID- 3914261 TI - Experience with real time ultrasound directed transcervical chorionic villus biopsy. PMID- 3914263 TI - Saving skin for grafting. PMID- 3914262 TI - A huge rapidly growing leiomyoma in the first trimester of pregnancy. PMID- 3914264 TI - Potassium supplements for hypertension. Lessons learned from a trial in general practice. PMID- 3914265 TI - Vaccination: its birth, death and resurrection. Eighth Burnet lecture of the Australian Academy of Science, 1985. PMID- 3914266 TI - A light and electron microscopic study of oxytocin-containing neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the rat. AB - Oxytocin-containing neurons and axon terminals contacting the neurons of the rat paraventricular nucleus were investigated by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique for light and electron microscopy. At the light microscopic level the reaction product was seen to fill the somata, dendrites and axons of the neurons. At the ultrastructural level the immunoprecipitate was localized on cytoplasm (including ergastoplasm) and neurosecretory granules (NSG) of the somata; microtubules, ergastoplasm and NSG of the dendrites; and NSG of the axons. Axon terminals synapsing on the surface of the labelled somata and dendrites were exclusively unlabelled. The somata and dendrites were observed to receive both asymmetrical (Gray's type I) and symmetrical (Gray's type II) synapses with clear, mostly spherical and flattened vesicles, respectively. Frequently, pleomorphic vesicles and a few densecore vesicles occurred in both types of synapses. There also were present some unlabelled bridge-like axon terminals making 'double' synapses either on two labelled dendritic processes or on one unlabelled and one labelled dendrite. The present findings demonstrate that the somata and dendrites of the oxytocin-containing neurons receive diverse innervation. At the same time there was no evidence in this study for synaptic input to the labelled axons of the neurons. PMID- 3914267 TI - E.T.C. Milligan OBE, MD, FRCS, FRACS (1886-1972)-a great Australian. PMID- 3914268 TI - Veterinary education in Victoria. The re-establishment of the Melbourne Veterinary School. PMID- 3914269 TI - Large-scale trials to study competitive exclusion of salmonella in chickens. AB - Competitive exclusion of salmonella by native gut microflora was studied in 24 groups of 100 chickens each started in thoroughly cleaned and sanitized isolation facilities. During 53-day test periods, infection by both Salmonella infantis and S. typhimurium was greatly restricted in groups previously treated with native microflora compared with control groups. Feed and water starvation for 48 hours starting at either 23 or 51 days did not affect the incidence of infection in protected groups. The protective flora spread readily to adjacent untreated groups; infected groups given the protective flora at 11 days exhibited a more rapid elimination of infection than untreated control groups. PMID- 3914270 TI - Chlamydia immunoreactivity in birds with psittacosis: localization of chlamydiae by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. AB - Diagnosis of psittacosis (infection with Chlamydia psittaci) has traditionally been dependent upon culture or demonstration of chlamydiae in tissues by cytochemical stains such as the Gimenez or Macchiavello's stain. In this study, a peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) technique that employs a commercially available monoclonal antibody directed against Chlamydia is used to demonstrate chlamydiae in the necropsy tissues of nine birds. Chlamydiae were identified in air sacs (83%), liver (78%), spleen (78%), small intestines (67%), large intestines (44%), and kidneys (33%). Usually chlamydiae were associated with microscopic lesions, but in 75% of large intestines examined, organisms were identified within the lumen of histologically normal intestine. PAP studies revealed numerous chlamydiae that were inapparent in hematoxylin-and-eosin-stained sections. These results demonstrate the utility and sensitivity of the PAP method in the identification of chlamydiae in microscopic sections. PMID- 3914271 TI - In vitro and in vivo characterization of avian Escherichia coli. I. Serotypes, metabolic activity, and antibiotic sensitivity. AB - Over a 2 1/2-year period (January 1981 to June 1983), 177 Escherichia coli isolates were obtained from 145 field-reared broiler flocks in the Delmarva peninsula, and 20 were obtained from clinically normal day-old hatchery chickens representing an additional 17 flocks in Delmarva. Ninety-one isolates obtained from the field-reared birds between 2 and 8 weeks of age were associated with complicated air-sac disease. Serotyping efforts demonstrated a predominance of O2, O35, and O78 serogroups and a large number of untypable isolates. More than 50% of the isolates in each of the three dominant serogroups were collected from broilers with colibacillosis, but they were never detected in the yolk-sac samples of clinically normal day-old hatchery chickens. In vitro biochemical characterization of the E. coli isolates revealed variable rates of carbohydrate fermentation and amino acid decarboxylation. No common characteristics appeared to be shared by the predominant serogroups isolated from clinically affected birds, although several serogroup-specific reactions were noted. The majority of the isolates were sensitive to chloramphenicol, gentamicin, nalidixic acid, ormethoprim-sulfadimethoxine, spectinomycin, neomycin, and ampicillin. About half of the isolates were sensitive to nitrofurantoin and the sulfa compounds. Less than 25% of the isolates were sensitive to streptomycin, erythromycin, tetracyclines, novobiocin, penicillin, bacitracin, and lincomycin. PMID- 3914272 TI - In vitro and in vivo characterization of avian Escherichia coli. II. Factors associated with pathogenicity. AB - The pathogenicity of 197 Escherichia coli isolates obtained from clinically affected commercially grown broiler chickens and normal hatchery chicks was assessed by inoculating day-old broilers intratracheally. The degree of pathogenicity (high, intermediate, low) was judged according to mortality and lesions occurring within 7 days following inoculation. Serotype, metabolic activity, motility, and in vitro antibiotic sensitivity of each isolate were evaluated and related to pathogenicity. Seventy-five of the isolates of high to intermediate pathogenicity belonged to serogroup O2, O78, or O35. In addition, 51 pathogenic E. coli isolates could not be serotyped, and several had multiple serotypes. Most isolates had similar metabolic activity, as determined by amino acid decarboxylation and carbohydrate fermentation, regardless of pathogenicity. An exception was the fermentation of adonitol, which occurred more frequently with the highly pathogenic strains. Motility and in vitro antibiotic sensitivity were not related to pathogenicity. An age-associated resistance to intratracheal E. coli administration occurred by 15 days of age in uncompromised birds. Relative susceptibility of birds older than 2 weeks to intratracheal and/or intravenous E. coli inoculation could be increased by prior exposure to pathogenic reovirus 1733, adenovirus 3167, or infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). Birds infected with IBDV at 3 weeks failed to clear apathogenic and pathogenic E. coli from circulating blood. PMID- 3914273 TI - In vitro and in vivo characterization of avian Escherichia coli. III. Immunization. AB - Broiler breeder hens were vaccinated once at 20 weeks or twice at 20 and 25 weeks of age with a formalin-inactivated oil-emulsion Escherichia coli bacterin composed of serogroups O2, O78, and O35. Serological responses as assessed by microagglutination documented an increase in serotype-specific antibody in vaccinated birds. Challenge of progeny from vaccinates and nonvaccinates with homologous E. coli demonstrated that maternally derived antibody could protect against mortality and/or lesions for as long as 2 weeks post-hatching. PMID- 3914274 TI - Influence of temperature, social, and dietary stress on development and stability of protective microflora in chickens against S. typhimurium. AB - In the day-old chick, physiological stress in the form of high or low temperatures or feed and water deprivation either interfered with colonization or altered the protection provided by normal intestinal microflora against subsequent challenge with Salmonella typhimurium. The response was more obvious after individual exposure of chicks to salmonella than after exposure to infected seeders. Physiological and dietary stress at 2 weeks of age did not appreciably alter the S. typhimurium excretion pattern in treated chicks. The protective microflora appears to be quite stable under these stress conditions. PMID- 3914275 TI - Effects of hybridoma antibodies on invasion of cultured cells by sporozoites of Eimeria. AB - Hybridoma antibodies (Hab) produced against sporozoites or merozoites of four species of Eimeria were tested for the ability to inhibit the invasion of cultured primary avian kidney cells by sporozoites of Eimeria. Five of 16 Hab that were tested showed inhibitory activity. All five of these Hab were produced against sporozoites and reacted with sporozoite surface antigens or surface/internal antigens. Four Hab produced against merozoites of E. acervulina cross-reacted with sporozoite surface antigens but failed to inhibit invasion. Similarly, Hab reacting with sporozoite anterior tips or refractile bodies had little effect on invasion. Collectively, the data suggest that surface antigens or surface/internal antigens that are unique to the sporozoite stage may influence or be part of the invasion process. Indirect immunofluorescent-antibody tests and ferritin (Fe) labeling combined with electron microscopy indicated differences in binding of two of the Hab to the sporozoite surface membranes. For example, after exposure to Hab 43A6 and a fluorescein-antimouse IgG conjugate, extracellular sporozoites of E. meleagrimitis fluoresced brightly but intracellular sporozoites exhibited little fluorescent label. Sporozoites labeled with Hab 43A6 plus a ferritin-antimouse IgG conjugate that were observed in the process of cell invasion had ferritin on the extracellular portion of the parasite but not on the intracellular portion. Extracellular aggregates of ferritin were observed near the site of invasion. The data suggested that antigens of the sporozoite surface that are recognized by Hab 43A6 are "scraped off" during the invasion of cells. In contrast, after exposure to Hab E5, both extracellular and intracellular sporozoites of E. tenella fluoresced. However, ferritin label was not observed on viable sporozoites, even when they were fixed immediately after the labeling procedure. The antigens recognized by Hab E5 may be associated with parasite secretory products rather than with an integral part of the sporozoite surface membrane. PMID- 3914277 TI - Further studies on competitive exclusion of Salmonella typhimurium by lactobacilli in chickens. AB - Competitive exclusion of Salmonella typhimurium by isolates of lactobacilli was studied in day-old chicks. Protection was evaluated by enumerating salmonella in feces and cloacal swab cultures from test chickens. Neither single nor multiple treatment with six morphologically distinct isolates of lactobacilli resulted in major protection against infection by S. typhimurium. PMID- 3914276 TI - Therapeutic trials with native intestinal microflora for Salmonella typhimurium infections in chickens. AB - Chicks infected with Salmonella typhimurium at 1 day of age were treated with normal intestinal flora starting 3 or 9 days later. Chicks were reared on the floor in isolated pens with wood shavings for litter. Cloacal-swab cultures were the main criteria for determining S. typhimurium infection. A single treatment reduced the infection period, but multiple treatments hastened the process considerably: after 6-8 weeks, birds given multiple treatments yielded sporadic or no isolations of S. typhimurium. It appears that litter from birds colonized by a protective microflora may serve as a vehicle for transmitting the flora to succeeding groups of birds. PMID- 3914278 TI - Differential diagnosis and treatment of panic disorder: a medical model perspective. AB - The authors present a review of existing literature along with new data regarding the phenomenology, differential diagnosis, course and treatment of panic disorder and agoraphobia. Panic attacks are viewed as central to the development of these disorders, and individual cognitive frameworks contribute to the manner in which a patient's symptoms evolve. An apparent though unclear relation to depressive states is described. Substance abuse may also be a consequence of recurrent panic attacks. A scheme towards differential diagnosis of panic disorder from other psychiatric and medical disorders is proposed. Personality characteristics of these patients vary considerably, but certain factors, such as dependency, are common. Family relations are often strained and assume importance in treatment. Data on the longitudinal course of illness is presented implying a relationship of panic disorder to both depression and stressful life events in many patients. Treatments that thus far seem most effective are pharmacological and behavioural approaches. Imipramine, MAO inhibitors, and alprazolam currently appear to be the most useful medications employed, although other agents may at times be useful alternatives. Dietary interventions, family therapy, and group and individual psychotherapy are also reviewed and discussed as adjunctive therapies in the treatment of panic disorder. PMID- 3914279 TI - Social skills training: an effective treatment for unipolar non-psychotic depression? AB - In recent times, social skills training (SST) has been used in the treatment of unipolar non-psychotic depression. We outline the rationale for SST in such treatment, provide definitions of SST, and outline the assessment and training procedures. Published studies are reviewed and their shortcomings discussed. We examine four theoretical issues arising from the review, and guidelines for improvements in future studies are suggested. PMID- 3914281 TI - New developments in diagnosis. PMID- 3914280 TI - Health consequences of youth unemployment. AB - The impact of unemployment on the physical and mental health of adolescents is one of the critical medical and social issues of our age. This paper reviews recent studies examining the link between youth unemployment and physical and mental ill-health. The evidence suggests that youth unemployment is associated with an increased vulnerability to psychiatric disorder. It is more firmly established that unemployment influences the course and prognosis of those with preexisting psychiatric disorders. Psychiatric disorder itself can also lead to reduced employability, particularly during periods of economic adversity. Fruitful areas of further study are identified. PMID- 3914282 TI - Tumor growth and metastasis increases the serum concentration of basement membrane proteins. AB - Serum concentrations of two basement membrane proteins, laminin and collagen type IV, were studied in three spontaneously metastasising experimental tumors: 3LL Lewis Lung and B16 melanoma of the mouse and R3230 adenocarcinoma of the rat. In the Lewis Lung tumor the mass of the primary tumor or the degree of metastasis correlated well with the concentration of serum laminin. In B16 melanoma the level of serum laminin was only significantly raised when the tumor had metastasised to the lung. No correlation between tumor mass and serum laminin was found in the R3230 adenocarcinoma. The serum concentrations of collagen IV, however, were raised to a certain extent during primary tumor growth and metastasis. Immunofluorescent staining for laminin in the Lewis Lung tumor demonstrated positive reactions in the primary tumor and in metastases of the lung. The data indicate the possibility of using similar tests for clinical tumor diagnosis. PMID- 3914284 TI - [Multicystic peritoneal mesothelioma. Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study apropos of a case]. AB - Authors present the case of a 59 years old man in whom an intra abdominal mass was discovered fortuitly. A surgical intervention permitted to remove a retroperitoneal mass. The macroscopic features were similar to those of multicystic mesothelioma. A review of literature of the 31 cases published permits to present the characteristics of cystic mesothelioma. This entity was confound during a long time with cystic lymphangioma, from which it was distinguished in 1979 with the use of electron microscopy. Interest of studies in immunochemistry, already unpublished, is demonstrated here for Factor VIII and cytokeratin. PMID- 3914283 TI - [Immunocytologic diagnosis of leukemia and lymphoma: monoclonal antibodies in the differential diagnosis of hematologic neoplasms]. AB - Malignant lymphomas and leukemias are related to maturation stages of distinct subpopulations of hematopoietic or lymphoid cells as defined by immunocytological methods. We first describe various monoclonal antibodies, and the methodology employed in our investigations and report on recent developments in the standardization of these reagents (part 1). The maturation sequence of normal lymphoid cells and their precursors in the bone marrow, thymus and the peripheral lymphoid organs are discussed in part 2. Typical immunomorphological findings in Non Hodgkin Lymphomas (NHL) are summarized in respect to lymphocytic NHL (CLL, lymphoplasmocytoid NHL, hairy cell and prolymphocytic leukemia, some lymphomas of peripheral T-lymphocytes), to NHL of follicular center cells (centroblastic centrocytic, centrocytic NHL), to "large cell" NHL (centroblastic, immunoblastic NHL, large cell NHL derived from T-lymphocytes or "lymphomas" of macrophage origin) and to lymphoblastic NHL (derived from T-lymphocytes, pre-B lymphocytes and Burkitt-type). Findings in multiple myeloma are also summarized in part 3. Immunocytological features of the normal Myelo-, Mono-, Erythro- and Thrombopoieses are discussed in part 4. The reactivity of some monoclonal antibodies with precursor cells of these cells (CFU-GM, BFU-e and CFU-e, CFU-M) are also described. Finally we summarized the immune phenotype of acute leukemias (part 5) in respect to acute lymphoid leukemias (cALL, T-ALL, O-ALL, B-ALL), to acute non lymphoid leukemias (M1-M6 type according to the FAB-Classification) and to blastic stages of chronic leukemias. PMID- 3914285 TI - [Fibroadenoma of the paraurethral glands. Immunohistochemical study]. AB - A sub-urethral tumour presenting the architecture of a fibroadenoma and of which the tubular structures were lined with a transitional type epithelium, was described under the term of fibroadenoma of the para-urethral glands. The immunohistochemical study described contributes to bring supplementary arguments in favour of this hypothesis, in showing the presence of numerous argyrophil cells, rich in serotonin, as well as some cells marked by an anti-prostatic acid phosphatase serum. We noted also, with surprise, the presence of some rare cells stained by the anti-calcitonin serum. PMID- 3914286 TI - [When you have your hands in the dough]. PMID- 3914287 TI - [From resin to porcelain]. PMID- 3914288 TI - [The long journey of silicones]. PMID- 3914289 TI - [Spirit of gold, body of light]. PMID- 3914290 TI - [For the incisor, a jacket made to measure]. PMID- 3914291 TI - [The metal is there, but is not itself seen]. PMID- 3914292 TI - [To stop and to begin]. PMID- 3914293 TI - [The use of demineralized allogenic bone in jaw defects: preliminary data from various clinical cases. Accelerated graft healing]. PMID- 3914294 TI - [Dentures? Only made-to-measure]. PMID- 3914295 TI - [Caries as a nest for Candida]. PMID- 3914296 TI - [Esthetics in removable dentures. Smile, please. Finding the guide]. PMID- 3914297 TI - [Use of a Maryland bridge in a case of tooth agenesis. A bridge across the void]. PMID- 3914298 TI - [The 10 commandments of alginates]. PMID- 3914299 TI - [Save at any cost the dental abutments]. PMID- 3914300 TI - [Ceramics and metals. A difficult marriage]. PMID- 3914301 TI - [Casting without confusion]. PMID- 3914302 TI - [The fixed bridge in group practice]. PMID- 3914303 TI - [Tricks to overcome the quirks of plaster]. PMID- 3914304 TI - [The double tray divides the sitting]. PMID- 3914305 TI - Nutrition in acute renal failure. AB - An important prognostic factor of acute renal failure (ARF) is the nutritional status of the patient. Malnutrition in ARF is mainly a consequence of profound catabolism, caused by alterations of the hormonal milieu, physical inactivity, infection, an enhanced proteolytic activity and the hemodialysis process. In the management of these patients, optimal nutritional intake must especially be discussed under the aspect of reducing catabolism. In catabolic ARF, an energy intake of about 50 kcal/kg/day provided by hypertonic glucose, may be adequate. The requirement of essential and nonessential amino acid solutions in respect of their composition and quantity is not clearly defined. High doses of amino acids failed to improve negative nitrogen balance in catabolic ARF. Recent approaches in order to reduce net protein breakdown imply new combinations of amino acid formulations or pharmacological trials for instance with antiproteolytic substances. PMID- 3914306 TI - Response of alkaline phosphatase to zinc repletion in hypozincemic hemodialysis patients. AB - The response of serum alkaline phosphatase (AP), a zinc-dependent metalloenzyme, to zinc administration via the dialysate (400 micrograms/l) was examined in 14 hypozincemic (less than 30th percentile of dialysis patients) hemodialysis patients and in 14 placebo-treated matched dialysis control patients. Plasma zinc and serum AP were measured three times: prior to, once weekly during (5 weeks), and 2 weeks after addition of zinc to the dialysate. The serum zinc levels remained stable in placebo-treated controls (initial 87.7 +/- 12.5; final 78.6 +/ 8.3 micrograms/dl) and increased in zinc-treated patients (initial 76.4 +/- 8.3; 5th week 96.9 +/- 13.3; 2 weeks after zinc withdrawal 82.3 +/- 12.2 micrograms/dl). There was a slight increase of AP with time in placebo controls (initial 90.2 +/- 26.5; 5th week 100 +/- 29 U/l) and a more pronounced increase in zinc-treated patients (initial 90.8 +/- 19.9; 5th week 113 +/- 20.9 U/l). The difference between the two groups was marginally significant (p less than 0.05; analysis of variance). It is concluded that zinc repletion via dialysate with documented increase of serum zinc levels in initially hypozincemic dialysis patients causes a reversible increase of serum AP. The result is compatible with some tissue zinc deficiency in hypozincemic dialysis patients. PMID- 3914307 TI - Protein catabolic factors in patients on renal replacement therapy. PMID- 3914308 TI - [Evaluation of mutagenic activity of 9 additives used in the manufacture of plastic containers for food]. PMID- 3914310 TI - Keratoplasty for pseudophakic keratopathy. AB - Penetrating corneal grafts were performed on 15 eyes with keratopathy due to implantation of iris-supported intraocular lenses, on one eye with keratopathy due to an anterior chamber lens, and one eye with keratopathy due to a posterior chamber lens. A systematic meticulous surgical technique, with a softened eye, the use of a Flieringa ring, anterior vitrectomy and sodium hyaluronate (Healon) have resulted in clear grafts in all except in four eyes. Although most grafts have remained clear, the visual results are poor mainly due to glaucoma and/or maculopathy. Every effort was made to retain the implants and some were repositioned and sutured to the iris. Long-term postoperative follow-up, with good patient compliance and the judicious use of topical corticosteroids and timolol, is essential to maintain clear grafts. PMID- 3914311 TI - Clinical use of the wide field specular microscope. AB - The Pocklington (Keeler-Konan) wide field specular microscope has been in use for 18 months at the Corneal Diseases Unit, The Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne. In this study, the microscope has been applied clinically to assess the state of the corneal endothelium and to evaluate comparative endothelial cell density and morphology in certain anterior segment microsurgical procedures. The clinical conditions studied are primary posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation, secondary intraocular lens implantation, intraocular lens exchange, and penetrating keratoplasty. PMID- 3914312 TI - Andrew Sexton Gray (1826-1907). A founder of Australian ophthalmology: his life and times. AB - Andrew Sexton Gray was born in Limerick, Ireland, medically trained in Dublin, and was assistant to William Wilde, the distinguished oculist and aurist. He migrated to Victoria in 1859, was surgeon to a railway's construction company, then in 1862 began practice as a surgeon and oculist in Melbourne. In 1863 he founded a charitable eye and ear hospital, and had a very active, long life devoted mostly to ophthalmology. The hospital progressively expanded and became the centre for training for many ophthalmologists, as well as the nucleus for the cohesion of Victorian ophthalmology. History shows Andrew Sexton Gray to have been a founder of Australian ophthalmology. PMID- 3914309 TI - Ultrasonographic anatomy and diagnosis of fetal uropathies affecting the upper urinary tract. I. Obstructive uropathies. AB - The authors describe the ultrasonographic anatomy and semiology of allowing detection of the main types of fetal uropathies. The results of the author's personal experience in this domain are compared to data from the literature. Differential features of the uropathies are given and the limitations and practical significance of prenatal and postnatal ultrasonography are discussed. PMID- 3914313 TI - Combined behavioral and pharmacological treatment of essential hypertension. AB - Fifty-two pharmacologically treated hypertensive patients were randomized to one of four treatment groups: (1) diastolic blood pressure biofeedback, (2) progressive deep muscle relaxation training, (3) self-directed relaxation training, or (4) medication alone. Data collection occurred during baseline, treatment, and 1-year follow-up phases in a laboratory, a medical clinic, and the patient's own home. Patients from all four groups combined showed mean blood pressure reductions of -10.2/-5.5 mm Hg on clinic recordings and -2.4/-.7 mm Hg on home recordings, which were maintained throughout the follow-up period. There were no significant differences among the four groups in terms of blood pressure reduction. Patients given adjunctive behavioral treatment showed significantly larger reductions in medication usage compared to patients treated with medication alone, but there were no significant differences among the three behaviorally treated groups. Patients who showed medication reductions did not show subsequent blood pressure elevation. The results suggest that combined behavioral and pharmacological therapy may be superior to pharmacological therapy alone in the treatment of essential hypertension. PMID- 3914314 TI - Biofeedback control of migraine headaches: a comparison of two approaches. AB - In order to assess the relative effectiveness of finger warming and temporal blood volume pulse reduction biofeedback in the treatment of migraine, 22 female migraine patients were assigned to one of three experimental conditions: temporal artery constriction feedback, finger temperature feedback, or waiting list. Biofeedback training consisted of 12 sessions over a 6-week period. All patients completed 5 weeks of daily self-monitoring of headache activity (frequency, duration, and intensity) and medication before and after treatment. Treatment credibility was assessed at the end of Sessions 1, 6, and 12. Results showed that temporal constriction and finger temperature biofeedback were equally effective in controlling migraine headaches and produced greater benefits than the waiting list condition. Power analyses indicated that very large sample sizes would have been required to detect any significant differences between the two treatment groups. No significant relationships were found between levels of therapeutic gains and levels of thermal or blood volume pulse self-regulation skills. Likewise, treatment outcome was not found to be related to treatment credibility. Further analyses revealed that changes in headache activity and medication were associated with changes in vasomotor variability. Because blood volume pulse variability was not significantly affected by biofeedback training, questions about its role in the therapeutic mechanism are raised. PMID- 3914315 TI - Urodynamic biofeedback treatment of urinary incontinence in children with myelomeningocele. AB - Eight children with myelomeningocele and chronic neurogenic urinary incontinence were provided urodynamic biofeedback training. During urodynamic biofeedback, six of the eight children demonstrated improved self-regulation of detrusor and/or sphincter functioning. However, substantial improvements in clinical symptomatology (i.e., urinary incontinence) were clearly shown by only one child. Unexpectedly, chronic neurogenic fecal incontinence was reduced in four children. Several methodological modifications are discussed which may improve clinical symptomatology and which may facilitate further urodynamic biofeedback research for these children with congenital neurogenic urinary incontinence. PMID- 3914316 TI - Stress reduction treatment of severe recurrent genital herpes virus. AB - Four individuals with high-frequency recurrences of genital herpes virus of at least 2 years' duration were treated with two behavioral stress-reduction treatments. Subjects were given 10 weekly sessions of frontalis EMG biofeedback (2 subjects) or progressive muscle relaxation treatment (2 subjects). Presession and postsession frontalis EMG measures were recorded for all subjects across treatment. Outcome was measured by daily and weekly symptom charting mailed in weekly over 6 months, or by telephone interview after 6 months. Results demonstrated substantial improvement in reported symptoms with both treatments. Relaxation treatment resulted in a 66% and 100% reduction in frequency of recurrences. Frontalis EMG biofeedback resulted in a 72% and 7% reduction in frequency of recurrences. Follow-up at 1-year posttreatment showed that treatment effects were maintained by one subject, partially maintained by two, and reversed in one subject. The need for controlled investigation is emphasized. PMID- 3914317 TI - [Enzyme immunoassay for mouse EGF]. PMID- 3914318 TI - [Structural analysis of bridges over blade implants]. PMID- 3914319 TI - [Coronary atheroma: value of serum and cutaneous apoprotein B levels in its diagnosis]. PMID- 3914320 TI - [Viral and cellular oncogenes]. PMID- 3914321 TI - [Bioethical considerations concerning the application of our knowledge to human genetics]. PMID- 3914322 TI - [In vivo concentrations of an antimitotic, daunorubicin, in peripheral and bone marrow human leukemia cells]. PMID- 3914323 TI - [Genetics of idiopathic hemochromatosis]. PMID- 3914324 TI - [Reflections on the practice of surgery, what is surgery? who is practicing it today?]. PMID- 3914325 TI - [Contribution of clinical chemistry to the diagnosis and prognosis of myocardial infarction]. PMID- 3914326 TI - [New note on the equivalence of French and German medical education. Results of 15 years of a pilot program between Rennes and Erlangen-Nurnberg]. PMID- 3914327 TI - [Cancer of the pyriform sinus, principles for treatment, therapeutic results]. PMID- 3914328 TI - [Meningo-radiculo-neuropathies as a result of tick bites in the Limousin region]. PMID- 3914329 TI - [Evolution of prolactinomas during and after medical treatment]. PMID- 3914330 TI - [Attitudes of medical students in the 2d cycle toward cancer and cancer patients]. PMID- 3914331 TI - [Apropos of fluorine and dental caries. Implications of using fluoridated table salt]. PMID- 3914332 TI - [Functional exploration of the liver: what remains of it]. PMID- 3914333 TI - [Value of electrocochleography in the diagnosis of Meniere's disease]. PMID- 3914334 TI - [Detection and monitoring of cardiac and arterial thrombosis by platelets labeled with indium-111]. PMID- 3914335 TI - [Steroid anti-hormones: anti-progesterone activity of RU 486 and its contragestational and other applications]. PMID- 3914336 TI - [Alcohol and free radicals]. PMID- 3914337 TI - [A glance at the evolution of ideas in medical mycology]. PMID- 3914338 TI - [New lasers in chorioretinal pathology]. PMID- 3914339 TI - [New lasers and glaucoma]. PMID- 3914340 TI - [Wonders and woes of lens implants]. PMID- 3914341 TI - [Nuclear magnetic resonance in ophthalmology, its future]. PMID- 3914342 TI - [Several recent contributions to the field of ophthalmology]. PMID- 3914343 TI - [The fixed-removable keyed bridge pontic]. PMID- 3914344 TI - [Stabilization of a mandibular complete denture using implantation technics]. PMID- 3914345 TI - [Microdimensional effect of mechanical spatulation under a vacuum on the accuracy of alginate impressions]. PMID- 3914346 TI - [Improvement of ridge-pontic relations with augmentation of the edentulous site]. PMID- 3914347 TI - [Preliminary trials in the cementation of fixed dentures]. PMID- 3914348 TI - [Mechanisms of anchorage and adhesion in bonded bridges. 1: Effect of surface treatment on the strength of bonded joints]. PMID- 3914349 TI - [Bonding: current point of view (1)]. PMID- 3914350 TI - [Bonding of brackets in orthodontics. 1: Bonding brackets using a direct bonding method]. PMID- 3914351 TI - [The "Bondlay" method of anchorage for fixed dentures: 14 years' experience]. PMID- 3914352 TI - [Factors effecting the contour form of bonded retainers]. PMID- 3914353 TI - [Bonded single restorations and the concept of pellicular preparations]. PMID- 3914354 TI - The history of genodermatoses. PMID- 3914355 TI - INTRON A (interferon alfa-2b): clinical overview. PMID- 3914356 TI - Ultrasonographic evaluation of infantile hydrocephalus before and after shunting. A study in 20 children. AB - The authors present the results of a prospective study of 20 children with congenital or acquired hydrocephalus of nontumoral etiology and submitted to ventriculo- (or cyst-) peritoneal shunting with valve. The diagnosis was established by B-mode or real-time brain sonography, in association with another neuroradiological procedure (computed tomography, ventriculography with air or Dimer-X, cerebral angiography). Among the proposed measurements (cortical thickness, lateral ventricle height, III ventricle width and ventricular ratio) for pre- and postoperative comparison, the cortical thickness and the lateral ventricle height were the ones that changed significantly when analyzed by sonography. The routine use of brain sonography allowed the visualization of the ventricular catheter position and the diagnosis of complications, such as subdural collection, progressive enlargement of cysts, isolated IV ventricle, etc, even before symptoms arise. The authors conclude that sonography is easily performed, inexpensive and innocuous, and should be used routinely during the follow-up of children with hydrocephalus. PMID- 3914357 TI - Nonsurgical cure of brain abscess in a neonate. AB - A 7-day-old girl was found to have meningitis due to Staphylococcus aureus and a left parietal brain abscess. Six weeks treatment with intravenous methicillin resulted in resolution of her right hemiparesis and brain abscess. This is one of the youngest patients successfully treated by medical therapy alone. The case suggests that in carefully selected, closely monitored infants, medical therapy alone can be successful. PMID- 3914358 TI - A rare case of infantile meningioma. AB - This paper reports the use of ultrasound and computed tomography in combination to diagnose a case of meningioma in a 3-month-old infant, and also describes the treatment. PMID- 3914359 TI - [Prostaglandins and ischemic cardiopathy]. PMID- 3914360 TI - [Dipyridamole and warfarin in patients with artificial heart valve prosthesis: double-blind tests]. PMID- 3914361 TI - [Applications of computers in cardiology]. PMID- 3914362 TI - [Therapeutic approach to arterial hypertension: comparison and combination of acebutolol with nifedipine and captopril]. PMID- 3914363 TI - Signal averaging methods to select patients at risk for lethal arrhythmias. PMID- 3914365 TI - Electrophysiology of experimental models of sudden death. PMID- 3914364 TI - Pharmacologic therapy for survivors of sudden death based on programmed stimulation. PMID- 3914366 TI - Sudden death in infants, children, and adolescents. AB - Sudden death in infants is rarely due to cardiac disease. Sudden death in children and adolescents is usually associated with cardiac disease. The major congenital lesions associated with sudden death are aortic stenosis, cardiomyopathies, idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis, Eisenmenger's syndrome, and cyanotic congenital defects with pulmonary stenosis or atresia. There is a high incidence of postoperative sudden death, especially associated with repair of tetralogy of Fallot and transposition of the great arteries. Cardiac arrhythmias, including the long Q-T syndrome, sick sinus syndrome, complete heart block, ventricular tachycardia, and pre-excitation are associated with sudden death. It is hoped that identification of high-risk patients along with appropriate intervention and treatment may significantly lower or prevent sudden death in children. PMID- 3914367 TI - Initiating events of sudden cardiac death. PMID- 3914368 TI - Comparative study of desoximetasone ointment 0.25% versus fluocinonide ointment 0.05% in patients with psoriasis. AB - In a multicenter, investigator-blind study, desoximetasone ointment 0.25% was compared with fluocinonide ointment 0.05% in the treatment of patients with psoriasis. Evaluations were made before treatment and after 4, 7, and 14 days of treatment. Both drugs were shown to be safe and effective. Desoximetasone was significantly superior to fluocinonide in improving severity scores from baseline for thickening (days 7 and 14) and erythema (day 14); in numbers of subjects cleared of thickening (day 4); in overall evaluation ratings as compared to baseline (day 14); and in number of patients receiving an overall evaluation of excellent. No side effects were reported for either treatment group during the study. PMID- 3914369 TI - Therapeutic rounds. PMID- 3914370 TI - Oral contraceptives: the state of the art. PMID- 3914371 TI - Clinical assessment of a new triphasic oral contraceptive. AB - One hundred twenty women completed 901 woman-months of birth control with a new triphasic oral contraceptive. No pregnancies occurred, and good cycle control was achieved. Spotting and breakthrough bleeding were minimal, and amenorrhea did not occur. Changes in body weight and blood pressure were not statistically significant. The triphasic compound was well tolerated. Headache and dizziness were frequent complaints during the initial cycles but tended to subside within a few months. PMID- 3914373 TI - [Seroepidemiological survey on dengue virus infection in various areas of Guangdong and Guangxi Provinces]. PMID- 3914372 TI - Infections in immunocompromised patients. I. Pathogenesis, etiology, and diagnosis. AB - Granulocytopenia is the major factor predisposing cancer patients to infection, chiefly by bacteria. Most of the infections are caused by gram-negative aerobic organisms (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella sp) that arise from endogenous gastrointestinal, mucosal, or cutaneous flora (often modified by hospital-acquired pathogens). Some fungi (Candida sp and Aspergillus sp) are also likely to invade granulocytopenic patients. The next most important factor predisposing cancer patients to infection is alteration of anatomic barriers. Mucosal and skin protection is compromised by tumors, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, surgical diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, and intravenous lines and other devices. The pathogens found in cases of altered anatomical barriers are similar to those encountered in patients with granulocytopenia, which is a major cause of alteration of anatomical barriers. The third factor predisposing patients to serious bacterial and nonbacterial infections is immunosuppression, especially in patients with lymphomas, multiple myelomas, and chronic lymphatic leukemia. The pathogens isolated in these patients include Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella sp, Brucella sp, Mycobacterium sp, and Nocardia asteroides, although P aeruginosa and staphylococci may be found as well. Viruses (herpes simplex, herpes zoster, and vaccinia), parasites, fungi, and Pneumocystis carinii and Toxoplasma gondii are involved in many infections in these patients, in whom cell-mediated immunity is impaired. In neutropenic patients, antimicrobial or antifungal therapy should be instituted before the microbiological diagnosis is made; in immunosuppressed patients, therapy is optimally guided by a specific microbiological diagnosis. PMID- 3914374 TI - [Single radial hemolysis of arboviruses]. PMID- 3914375 TI - [Isolation of pathogenic E. coli and its entero-toxin]. PMID- 3914376 TI - [The use of liposomes biotechnology in medical sciences]. PMID- 3914377 TI - Enzyme labeling of steroids by the N-succinimidyl ester method. Preparation of alkaline phosphatase-labeled antigen for use in enzyme immunoassay. PMID- 3914378 TI - Enzyme immunoassay for N alpha-(N-acetylmuramylalanyl-D-isoglutaminyl)-N epsilon stearyllysine. PMID- 3914379 TI - [Surgical therapy of Basedow's disease]. AB - The authors, in the light of the data of the literature, study the problem of the surgical treatment of Basedow disease. Besides those who suggest the total thyroidectomy as an ultimately curative intervention, most of surgeons prefer the subtotal thyroidectomy. However, the result of such operation is doubtful as to postoperative hypo- and hyperthyroidism, due to the operativeness of factors of not only biological, but also technical nature. In order to make the therapeutical result as satisfactory as possible, the literature suggests some particular surgical solutions, such as ligature of thyroid artery, limited subtotal thyroidectomy and modified subtotal thyroidectomy, which seem to obtain satisfactory results from the clinical standpoint. PMID- 3914380 TI - [Diagnostic up-date in thrombosis of the portal vein]. AB - Portal thrombosis is a rare acquired condition with various etiology. Clinical manifestations are portal hypertension or nine. The main technics to diagnostic are: CT, indirect splenoportography and ultrasound examination. The first and the second are reliable but the third only is useful to explore the portal system and to evaluate patients with suspect portal vein thrombosis. PMID- 3914381 TI - Selection of artificial teeth for complete dentures. PMID- 3914382 TI - Adherence of Escherichia coli to epithelial cells in the pathogenesis of urinary tract infection. AB - The role of bacterial adherence in the pathogenesis of recurrent urinary tract infection was investigated using an I125 E. coli-epithelial cell assay. In vitro bacterial adhesion to buccal, vaginal epithelial and uroepithelial cells of periurethral or rectal E. coli isolated from each subject was measured in 21 patients with recurrent urinary tract infection and 10 normal controls. Percent adherence of E. coli to buccal, vaginal, and uroepithelial cells was significantly (p less than .005) greater in patients with recurrent infection, compared with controls (32.9 +/- 4.0 vs. 14.1 +/- 7.3; 32.3 +/- 8.1 vs. 15.4 +/- 6.6; 34.7 +/- 5.6 vs. 17.1 +/- 4.2, mean +/- S.D., respectively). For both patients and controls, correlation in adherence between vaginal, uroepithelial, and buccal cells was observed. There were no differences in adherence between patients with or without periurethral colonization with E. coli, and adherence was not influenced by age. Patients receiving antimicrobial prophylaxis had a significantly (p less than .005) lower mean adherence to vaginal (26.7 +/- 3.7 vs. 35.1 +/- 4.1) and uroepithelial (30.4 +/- 2.8 vs. 34.6 +/- 3.2) cells, but not for buccal epithelial cells, compared with patients not receiving prophylaxis. These data support the hypothesis that increased receptivity of epithelial cells for bacteria plays a role in the increased frequency of vaginal colonization and subsequent infection in women who experience recurrent urinary tract infection. PMID- 3914383 TI - Percutaneous oocyte recovery using ultrasound. AB - A technique for oocyte collection by percutaneous puncture guided by ultrasound is described. The equipment includes a sector scanner with a puncture transducer. A coarse needle (16 gauge) and a syringe constitute the aspiration device. The syringe provides the vacuum and serves as a trap for the follicular fluids. Follicular flushing is performed by syringes containing culture medium. The aspiration is carried out as an out-patient procedure under local anaesthesia after premedication. The spontaneously filled bladder acts as an ultrasonic window and the needle is introduced through the bladder into the ovarian follicles, guided by the screen display. The oocyte recovery rate per follicle exceeds 80% with experience, and the collection can be performed in women with abundant pelvic adhesions. The only complication to the procedure is a short lasting haematuria, observed in 5% of the cases. PMID- 3914384 TI - Embryo donation by uterine flushing and embryo transfer. AB - Ovum transfer (OT) is a new treatment for infertile women that has now resulted in the birth of two healthy children to families that were otherwise destined to remain childless. The OT process is simple in concept and technique and should prove to be highly efficient when introduced on a large scale. PMID- 3914385 TI - Testing for autonomic neuropathy: initial heart rate response to active and passive changes of posture. PMID- 3914387 TI - Intravenous insulin normalizes cardiovascular function and sympathetic activity after oral glucose in insulin-dependent diabetic patients. PMID- 3914386 TI - Testing for autonomic neuropathy: heart rate response to forced breathing. PMID- 3914388 TI - Blood pressure regulation in diabetic autonomic neuropathy. AB - Defective blood pressure responses to standing, exercise and epinephrine infusions have been demonstrated in diabetic patients with autonomic neuropathy. The circulatory mechanisms underlying blood pressure responses to exercise and standing up in these patients are well characterized: In both experimental situations insufficient contraction of resistance vessels has been demonstrated. The vasoconstrictor defects demonstrated are of a magnitude sufficient to account for the prevailing hypotension. Furthermore, during exercise cardiac output is low in patients with autonomic neuropathy, a finding which may contribute to exercise hypotension in these patients. During hypoglycemia, blood pressure regulation seems intact in patients with autonomic neuropathy. This is probably due to release of substantial amounts of catecholamines during these experiments. During epinephrine infusions a substantial blood pressure fall ensues in patients with autonomic neuropathy, probably due to excessive muscular vasodilation. It is unresolved why blood pressure regulation is intact during hypoglycemia and severely impaired--at similar catecholamine concentrations--during epinephrine infusions. PMID- 3914389 TI - Glucose counterregulation in normal and diabetic man. PMID- 3914390 TI - Somatic neurophysiology in diabetes. Basic observations and the effect of treatment. PMID- 3914391 TI - The role of strict control of blood glucose and nerve function. PMID- 3914392 TI - Treatment of orthostatic hypotension. PMID- 3914393 TI - Antidepressive agents in the treatment of diabetic neuropathy. PMID- 3914394 TI - New perspectives in the role of human milk in human development. PMID- 3914396 TI - Physiological changes of pregnancy and their relation to nutrient needs. PMID- 3914395 TI - Gastrointestinal physiologic considerations in the feeding of the developing infant. PMID- 3914397 TI - Nutrition for the diabetic pregnant woman. PMID- 3914398 TI - Nutrition of the placenta and the fetus. PMID- 3914399 TI - Vitamins and neural tube defects. PMID- 3914400 TI - [Value and role of bone transplants in the reconstruction of defects of the acetabulum and femur during alloplasty of the hip joints]. PMID- 3914401 TI - [Echography of neuromuscular diseases]. PMID- 3914402 TI - [Monitoring intrauterine fetal growth with B-mode ultrasound scanning]. PMID- 3914403 TI - [Efficacy of pyronaridine in 510 acute malaria cases]. PMID- 3914404 TI - [Immunoperoxidase assay for the immunodiagnosis of amebiasis]. PMID- 3914405 TI - [CEA content of tissue and body fluids of patients with gastric cancer: relation of tumor tissue, gastric juice and serum levels]. PMID- 3914406 TI - [Pyronaridine--a new antimalarial drug]. PMID- 3914407 TI - Anaerobic infections. Part II. PMID- 3914408 TI - Improvement of composite-enamel bond strength using tooth drying solution. PMID- 3914409 TI - The effect of bone architecture on bone graft. PMID- 3914410 TI - [Inhibitory action of liver extracts on the splenic index and mortality in the graft vs. host reaction]. PMID- 3914411 TI - [Reactive capacity of the immune system of F1 mice with a manifest graft vs. host reaction in relation to sheep erythrocytes]. PMID- 3914412 TI - [Diencephalon-pontine system of the cat]. PMID- 3914413 TI - Hypokalemic myopathy associated with primary aldosteronism and glycyrrhizine induced pseudoaldosteronism. AB - Enzymatic and histological features of muscular disorders associated with primary aldosteronism and glycyrrhizine-induced pseudoaldosteronism were studied. Among 10 patients with primary aldosteronism and 3 patients with pseudoaldosteronism, 5 patients were admitted to our hospital because of muscular weakness. The serum potassium (K) level was 1.86 +/- 0.21 mEq/l in a myopathy group on admission, a value significantly less than that of the 2.74 +/- 0.10 mEq/l in a non-myopathy group (p less than 0.01). Serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK), glutamate oxyloacetate transaminase (GOT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were increased in the myopathy group compared to the non-myopathy group; serum CPK was 1412.6 +/ 902.6 vs. 22.8 +/- 5.0 mU/ml, serum GOT was 186.4 +/- 75.3 vs. 24.2 +/- 5.4 mU/ml (p less than 0.05), and serum LDH was 1133.4 +/- 377.3 vs. 387.6 +/- 42.5 mU/ml (p less than 0.05) in the groups with and without myopathy. Analysis of CPK isozymes revealed that the MM type exceeded 95%. The elevated serum CPK, GOT and LDH rapidly decreased to the normal range and muscular strength completely improved within 6 to 13 days after hospitalization, when the serum K level remained below than normal. Light microscopic finding of damaged muscle showed the diffuse necrosis and vacuolization of muscle fibers. Electron microscopic study clearly demonstrated complete dissolution of myofilaments with disappearance of sarcoplasmic reticulum and T-tubules in the necrotic muscle fibers. These results indicate that muscular lesions may occur in primary aldosteronism and pseudoaldosteronism when the serum K level is decreased to below 2.0 mEq/l. This myopathy is not periodic paralysis but hypokalemic myopathy. The mechanism by which K deficiency causes muscular damage remains unknown. PMID- 3914414 TI - In vivo and in vitro effect of p-chlorophenoxyisobutyrate on insulin binding and glucose transport in isolated rat adipocytes. AB - We studied the in vivo and in vitro effect of p-chlorophenoxyisobutyrate (CPIB) on insulin binding and glucose transport in isolated rat adipocytes. In the in vitro study, adipocytes were incubated with 1mM of CPIB for 2 h at 37 degrees C, pH 7.4, and then insulin binding (37 degrees C, 60 min) and 3-0-methylglucose transport (37 degrees C, 2s) were measured. Incubation with CPIB did not affect either insulin binding or glucose transport in the cells. The addition of insulin (10 ng/ml) with CPIB to the incubation media also did not affect the following insulin binding and glucose transport. In the in vivo study, rats were fed a high sucrose-diet containing 0.25% CPIB for 7 days. Serum cholesterol, plasma free fatty acid, and insulin levels were significantly decreased in the CPIB-treated rats. The treated rats demonstrated an almost 2 fold increased maximal binding capacity for insulin (189,000 sites/cell for treated vs 123,000 sites/cell for control cells). Basal glucose transport (glucose transport in the absence of insulin) significantly decreased in the CPIB-treated rats, although insulin stimulated glucose transport was comparable in treated and control cells. Thus, CPIB might have no direct effect on glucose transport and insulin binding, as determined by the in vitro studies. Furthermore, a relatively short-term in vivo treatment with CPIB, such as 7 days, did not stimulate glucose transport. PMID- 3914415 TI - Surgical treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients with chronic renal failure: reevaluation of indications for parathyroidectomy. AB - On reviewing the preoperative clinical and laboratory findings and the surgical response seen in our series of 32 patients with renal hyperparathyroidism, the indication for parathyroidectomy was reevaluated. During the 5-year period from 1975 to 1979, parathyroid resection was performed in 9 patients who had various conditions for which surgery had been thought indicated. During the following period from January 1980 to March 1985, parathyroidectomy was carried out on 23 patients all of whom had roentgenologic evidence of generalized fibrous osteitis except for two whose indication for surgery was an elevation of the serum alkaline phosphatase level more than 45 KA units. The resected parathyroid glands had increased to 1 g or more in total weight in all the 25 patients who showed distinct postoperative improvement. Laboratory evidence indicating the presence of generalized fibrous osteitis, such as subperiosteal resorption on phalanx roentgenograms and high serum alkaline phosphatase level, along with marked elevation of the plasma immunoreactive parathyroid hormone level, proved to be a good indicator for medically uncontrollable secondary hyperparathyroidism. Fracture, heterotopic calcification, pruritus or persistent hypercalcemia was not a parameter of severe hyperparathyroidism warranting parathyroid resection, unless there was concomitant evidence of fibrous osteitis. The preoperative use of the recently developed noninvasive techniques for parathyroid localization also proved to be useful in detecting the parathyroid glands large enough to fulfill the requirements for parathyroidectomy. PMID- 3914416 TI - Changes in blood glucose and insulin after an oral palatinose administration in normal subjects. AB - Changes in plasma glucose and insulin concentration in response to palatinose ingestion were compared with those to sucrose in eight normal volunteers. When 50 g of palatinose was administered, the plasma glucose gradually increased to its peak of 110.9 +/- 4.9 mg/dl at 60 min after administration and maintained a plateau during the 120 min of the experiment. The peak value of plasma glucose to 50 g sucrose in the same group was 143.3 +/- 8.8 mg/dl at 30 min after administration and then the value sharply decreased to the fasting level. The cumulative increase in plasma glucose (sigma delta PG) to palatinose was significantly smaller than that to sucrose. The changes in the plasma insulin level almost paralleled those in the plasma glucose level. These results indicate that palatinose is more slowly absorbed than sucrose and therefore useful as a sweetener for diabetic patients. PMID- 3914417 TI - [Secretion of pancreatic polypeptide and glucagon in patients with diabetes mellitus after the administration of insulin]. PMID- 3914418 TI - Biopharmaceutic stability of [D-Trp6, des-Gly10]-LHRH ethyl amide in corn oil. AB - When sperm-positive female rats were treated with freshly prepared formulations of [D-Trp6, des-Gly10]-LHRH ethyl amide (LRA) in corn oil, the effects on pregnancy occurred in a dose-related manner. When the same formulation was retested after five-and-a-half years of storage under refrigeration, the results were essentially identical. Therefore, the biopharmaceutic stability of corn oil formulations of LRA appears to be 100% following five-and-a-half years of storage at 4 degrees C. PMID- 3914419 TI - Alterations in insulin and glucagon secretion by monosodium glutamate lesions of the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus. AB - This study was performed to determine the effects of monosodium glutamate (MSG) induced lesions of the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) on glucose tolerance and insulin and glucagon secretion in male golden hamsters. Eight day old hamsters were given a single s.c. injection of 5.8 mg/g BW MSG or hypertonic saline (controls). Studies were initiated when the hamsters were 3 months of age. At this age there were no body weight differences. Glucose (180 mg/100 g BW) was administered via stomach tube to 18 control and 18 MSG-treated hamsters. Animals were anesthetized with ether and a single blood sample from the portal vein was taken either before or at 30 or 60 min after glucose administration (n = 6/group). Glucose concentrations were similar in both groups at all time periods. Insulin concentrations in the MSG group were significantly (P less than 0.05) elevated in MSG-treated hamsters compared to controls at the 60 min time point. Glucose suppressed glucagon (P less than 0.05) in control but not in MSG-treated hamsters. The MSG group had significantly more glucagon (P less than 0.05) in portal vein blood at 30 min after glucose administration than did the control hamsters. Molar insulin/glucagon ratios did not differ between the 2 groups which likely accounts for the lack of differences in blood glucose levels. These results suggest a role for the ARC in regulating pancreatic function. PMID- 3914420 TI - [3-year results of a WHO-supported caries-prevention program, using xylitol, in Hungarian children's homes. I. Clinical caries studies]. PMID- 3914421 TI - [Prevention of bone resorption under dentures by preserving the roots]. PMID- 3914422 TI - Human productivity in agriculture: an indicator for planners. PMID- 3914423 TI - The tongue: 5. Mucocutaneous conditions and localized lesions. PMID- 3914424 TI - Plasmodium falciparum antigen detection with monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 3914425 TI - Serodiagnosis of tropical parasitic diseases with special reference to the standardization of labelled reagent tests. PMID- 3914426 TI - The toxoplasma agglutination antigen as a tool for routine screening and diagnosis of toxoplasma infection in the mother and infant. PMID- 3914427 TI - Pf 155, a candidate for a blood stage vaccine in Plasmodium falciparum malaria. AB - Pf 155 is a Mr 155,000 P. falciparum antigen, which is deposited in the erythrocyte membrane at merozoite invasion. The antigen is detected by a modified immunofluorescence assay giving staining of the surface of ring stage infected erythrocytes. Cell lines producing human monoclonal antibodies to Pf 155 were established and two different antibodies of IgM and IgG class, respectively, were characterized further. Both antibodies gave a strong surface immunofluorescence and in immunoblotting they react strongly with Pf 155, but also with some lower molecular weight material, including polypeptides of Mr 135,000 and 120,000. Both antibodies were efficient inhibitors of P. falciparum reinvasion in vitro. Pf 155 as well as the Mr 135,000 and 120,000 polypeptides were shown to bind with high affinity to human erythrocyte glycophorin. An octapeptide (GluGluAsnValGluHisAspAla) corresponding to a repeated sequence in Pf 155 was synthesized. Rabbit antibodies to the octapeptide gave a distinct surface immunofluorescence and reacted with Pf 155 and the Mr 135,000 and 120,000 polypeptides in immunoblotting. Human antibodies reacting with the octapeptide were isolated by affinity chromatography from the serum of a P. falciparum immune individual. These antibodies showed a strong reaction with Pf 155 as determined by immunoblotting and surface immunofluorescence. Pf 155 reactive antibodies affinity purified on monolayers of P. falciparum infected erythrocytes are very efficient inhibitors of parasite reinvasion. Such antibody preparations depleted of octapeptide reactive antibodies showed a markedly decreased reinvasion inhibitory capacity, while a high inhibitory activity was recovered in the octapeptide reactive antibodies. Pf 155 fulfills several criteria thought to be proper for antigens involved in anti-malarial protective immunity. PMID- 3914429 TI - [Microbiological aspects of ceftazidime]. PMID- 3914428 TI - [Controlled clinical study of ceftezol in the prevention of infections in obstetrico-gynecologic surgery]. PMID- 3914430 TI - [Tolerance of ceftazidime: the Italian experience. Analysis of data from 11,179 patients]. PMID- 3914431 TI - [Treatment with ceftazidime of difficult and severe (hospital and non-hospital) infections]. PMID- 3914432 TI - [Ceftazidime in pneumology]. PMID- 3914434 TI - [Therapeutic evaluation of aztreonam in the treatment of infections of the urinary tract in another 800 patients]. PMID- 3914433 TI - [Evaluation of the therapeutic effects of aztreonam and ceftazidime in the treatment of complicated infections of the urinary tract]. PMID- 3914435 TI - [Comparative study of the effectiveness and renal tolerance of aztreonam (1 daily dosage) and gentamycin (2 daily doses) in the therapy of renal and urinary infections]. PMID- 3914436 TI - [Comparative multicenter study between aztreonam and gentamycin in the treatment of renal and urinary infections]. PMID- 3914438 TI - [Sialic acid, a marker for peptic proteolysis of gastric mucus glycoproteins: physiopathological significance in man]. PMID- 3914437 TI - [Treatment of urinary infections after kidney transplant with ofloxacin (RG 191). Preliminary results]. PMID- 3914439 TI - [Intestinal cytoprotection]. PMID- 3914440 TI - Clinical aspects of gastric cytoprotection. PMID- 3914441 TI - The effect of alcohol, tobacco, and coffee on the gastric mucosa. PMID- 3914443 TI - [DNA diagnosis of genetic disease]. PMID- 3914442 TI - [Possibilities of ovulation induction by pulsatile administration of gonadotropin releasing hormone to women with infertility of hypothalamic origin]. PMID- 3914444 TI - [Mutation and oncogenesis]. PMID- 3914445 TI - [Clinical studies on pancreatic endocrine functions in chronic pancreatitis]. PMID- 3914446 TI - Bigness is in the eye of the beholder. PMID- 3914447 TI - Complete mandibular subperiosteal implant fabricated from model generated from computer tomography data. PMID- 3914449 TI - The Core-Vent implant system. Research update. PMID- 3914448 TI - Biological requirements for biomaterials. I. Cytotoxicity of biomaterials, in vitro. II. Cell adhesion to biomaterials, in vitro. PMID- 3914450 TI - A simple and rapid method for isolating mutator strains in Escherichia coli B. & K-12. PMID- 3914451 TI - Active immunization of female dogs against luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) and its effects on ovarian steroids and estrus suppression. PMID- 3914452 TI - Specificity and affinity characteristics of dog luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) antibodies. PMID- 3914453 TI - Anti-filarial IgG antibodies in patients with bancroftian filariasis and tropical pulmonary eosinophilia. PMID- 3914454 TI - Study of moderate and high altitude stress on plasma renin, aldosterone and electrolytes level in humans. PMID- 3914455 TI - Presumptive identification of group B streptococci by four hour tube CAMP test. PMID- 3914456 TI - Bacteriology & serology of streptococcal pyoderma. PMID- 3914457 TI - Animal models for anaerobic infections. PMID- 3914458 TI - Platelet aggregation test for detection of circulating immune complexes. PMID- 3914459 TI - Treatment of anaerobic infections of the central nervous system. PMID- 3914460 TI - Poly-acrylamide gel disc electrophoresis (PAGDE). Part-I. PMID- 3914461 TI - Rapid identification of Escherichia coli in the diagnostic microbiology laboratory by the spot indole test. PMID- 3914462 TI - Pathogenicity of Nocardia for chorio-allantoic membrane of the chick embryo. PMID- 3914463 TI - Fishmeal extract agar--a new bacteriological medium--preliminary report. PMID- 3914464 TI - Bacterial stress and PMN-function in iron deficiency anaemia. PMID- 3914465 TI - Acute dehydrating diarrhea. Clinical profile in neonates & young infants. PMID- 3914466 TI - Transient diabetes mellitus in early infancy. PMID- 3914467 TI - Neural tube defects. PMID- 3914468 TI - Oral rehydration of low birth weight infants. PMID- 3914469 TI - Antibiotics in E. coli diarrhea. PMID- 3914470 TI - User involvement in the development and use of computer based systems for the health and rehabilitation sciences: reducing protocol test errors. AB - In this study an attempt was made to clarify conflicting results in the learner control literature. The learner control concept was redefined in order to include both choice and self investment variables. The combined effects of choice and self investment variables were considered in this study to be motivational variables which affect the learner's attitudes and performance on a computer assisted instructional task. The results of this investigation indicated overall differences in performance among treatment groups. An interaction effect between choice and self investment was found for the performance measure. The expected interaction and perceived control measures were not found. Various analyses of the postexperimental test protocol scoring errors were conducted in order to investigate the effectiveness of the computer assisted instruction (CAI) task. Completion of the CAI task seemed to decrease the number of scoring errors made on subsequent test protocols as compared to those who did not use the CAI task. Implications for the health and rehabilitation sciences are discussed. PMID- 3914471 TI - Zoonotic disease of occupational significance in agriculture: a review. AB - This manuscript presents an overview of occupational zoonotic diseases of agricultural workers (agricultural zoonoses). The primary intended use of this manuscript is to provide an educational frame work for public health officials in countries where there is a concern to establish or modify agricultural zoonoses control programs. The material is presented in two parts: 1) general concepts, (including definitions, classifications and ecological concepts), and 2) a description of selected agricultural zoonotic diseases. The general concepts and definitions, presented here in narrative form, are common to all agricultural zoonoses, regardless of geographical location. The specific facts for the individual diseases are presented in a tabular format. The tables present the essential features of 40 of the most important agricultural zoonoses, from a worldwide perspective. An extensive reference list is included so the reader may supplement this manuscript with additional readings. PMID- 3914472 TI - Heterotopic liver allograft in acute hepatic failure in pigs. AB - Seven heterotopic liver allotransplantations were performed in pigs with total, acute hepatic necrosis, induced by arterial and portal vein devascularization. Six pigs survived for 4, 6, 7, 7, 23 and 90 days respectively. Good results can be obtained only with intensive perenteral postoperative support lasting the first three days. The viability of the graft is shown by the biochemical indices and the survival of the animals. These results confirm that a heterotopic liver transplantation provides a viable substitute when the host liver is affected by acute irreversible hepatic necrosis. PMID- 3914473 TI - Prophylactic antibiotics in patients undergoing total vaginal or abdominal hysterectomy. AB - A prospective study to evaluate the effect of antibiotic prophylaxis in 57 patients undergoing total abdominal or vaginal hysterectomy was conducted at Arlington Hospital. Patients were assigned randomly to one of two regimens. Group I received a single 1 gram preoperative dose of Cefotaxime (Claforan). Group II received a 2 gram dose of Cefoxitin (Mefoxin) preoperatively and also four 2 gram doses postoperatively. There was no significant group difference in the incidence of postoperative infection or in the mean duration in hospital stay. One dose of Cefotaxime was as effective as five doses of Cefoxitin in preventing infection. PMID- 3914474 TI - Renal allograft rupture and its management. AB - Renal allograft rupture, although a rare complication, was encountered in 11 of our 137 cases of live kidney donor transplants. The commonest finding was an associated acute rejection. Our cases were mainly given conservative treatment with repair of the rupture and antirejection therapy. Eight of our kidneys were saved in this way, thus eight of the 11 patients survived. None of the deaths were related to the graft rupture or its effects. PMID- 3914475 TI - One hundred tenth critical bibliography of the history of science and its cultural influences. PMID- 3914476 TI - The kinetic polarities of spindle microtubules in vivo, in crane-fly spermatocytes. I. Kinetochore microtubules that re-form after treatment with colcemid. AB - In newly formed chromosomal spindle fibres we determined the kinetic polarities of the microtubules, that is, the ends to which tubulin monomers add. Spindles disappeared after cells were continuously immersed in colcemid; then portions of the cells were continuously irradiated with a microbeam of near-ultraviolet light to reverse locally the effect of the colcemid. From the following lines of evidence we conclude: that microtubules are organized by the chromosomes; and that tubulin monomers add to the chromosomal spindle fibres at the kinetochore. When chromosomes were irradiated chromosomal spindle fibres grew in different directions, not necessarily focussed to a common pole; this would not occur if the chromosomal spindle fibres were organized by poles. Chromosomal spindle fibres were sometimes associated with only some of the chromosomes; this would not occur if the fibres were organized by the poles. Thus, chromosomal spindle fibres are organized solely by chromosomes; these spindle fibres are functional since the associated chromosomes moved in anaphase. When chromosomes were irradiated the re-formed spindle fibres grew up to 10 microns past the edges of the irradiating spot. Experimentally, free tubulin did not diffuse more than 4-5 microns from the irradiated spot. Thus we conclude that the tubulin monomers add at the kinetochores and not at the distal ends of the fibres. PMID- 3914477 TI - The extracellular matrix of human amniotic epithelium: ultrastructure, composition and deposition. AB - Ultrastructural comparisons have been made between human amnion extracellular matrix in tissue and cell culture. Immunochemical analysis of matrix deposited by monolayers of cultured amnion epithelial cells has also been undertaken. The basal cell surfaces are highly invaginated with an associated basal lamina that is more electron dense at the distal tips of basal cell processes where hemidesmosomes are frequent. Immediately below the lamina densa is a zone rich in collagen bundles. In the underlying stroma two types of fibril predominate, one striated of 50 nm diameter and one of 18 nm diameter. The observations suggest that at gestational term the epithelial cells are still active in the production of matrix. Secretion appears to occur into invaginations in the basal cell surface where a loosely organized mixture of stromal-type and basal laminal-type aggregates is formed. In culture on plastic, cells also deposit a mixture of basal laminal (type IV collagen + laminin) and stromal (collagens type I + III) components as well as fibronectin. However, segregation into a true basal lamina with underlying stroma does not occur in vitro, suggesting the need for an organized subcellular template to complete matrix morphogenesis. The in vitro and in vivo evidence suggest that the epithelium contributes to the subjacent dense collagenous zone as well as to the basal lamina. PMID- 3914478 TI - Direct transfer of beta-glucuronidase from mouse macrophages to other types of cell. AB - Rabbit polyclonal antibodies were raised against beta-glucuronidase purified from mouse liver. This antiserum immunoprecipitated the beta-glucuronidase secreted by mouse fibroblasts but did not cross-react with the same enzyme isolated from human tissue. The beta-glucuronidase present in mouse 3T3 fibroblasts and mouse peritoneal macrophages was clearly identified by indirect immunofluorescence, using the antiserum and an FITC-conjugated second antibody, while human fibroblasts with normal levels of beta-glucuronidase activity did not fluoresce when tested with the same reagents. A range of human fibroblasts, human neuroblastoma and rat glioma cells did not fluoresce when incubated with the antibody but did fluoresce after they had been co-cultured for 24 h with mouse macrophages, showing that mouse beta-glucuronidase had been transferred from adherent macrophages into adjacent recipient cells. Transfer took place even when receptor-mediated endocytosis was blocked with a suitable competitive ligand, the transferred enzyme being visible mainly as a bright punctate fluorescence with a lysosome-like distribution. Macrophages thus have the potential to act as donors of lysosomal enzymes to a wide range of recipient cells and to transfer enzymes to them during direct cell-to-cell contact. PMID- 3914479 TI - Visualization of changes in ciliary tip configuration caused by sliding displacement of microtubules in macrocilia of the ctenophore Beroe. AB - Macrocilia from the lips of the ctenophore Beroe consist of multiple rows of ciliary axonemes surrounded by a common membrane, with a giant capping structure at the tip. The cap is formed by extensions of the A and central-pair microtubules, which are bound together by electron-dense material into a pointed projection about 1.5 micron long. The tip undergoes visible changes in configuration during the beat cycle of macrocilia. In the rest position at the end of the effective stroke (+30 degrees total bend angle), there is no displacement between the tips of the axonemes, and the capping structure points straight into the stomach cavity. In the sigmoid arrest position at the end of the recovery stroke (-60 degrees total bend angle), the tip of the macrocilium is hook-shaped and points toward the stomach in the direction of the subsequent effective stroke. This change in tip configuration is caused by sliding displacement of microtubules that are bound together at their distal ends. Electron microscopy and two-dimensional models show that the singlet microtubule cap acts as if it were hinged to the ends of the axonemes and tilted to absorb the microtubule displacement that occurs during the recovery stroke. The straight and hooked shapes of the tip are thought to help the ctenophore ingest prey. PMID- 3914480 TI - Xenopus marginal band disassembly by calcium-activated cytoplasmic factors. AB - The marginal band microtubules of isolated Xenopus erythrocyte cytoskeletons possess the stability properties of non-steady-state microtubules. They are unperturbed by low temperatures, a variety of microtubule inhibitors, hypotonic treatment and the direct action of calcium. These microtubules can be rapidly depolymerized by erythrocyte lysis in the presence of calcium or by exposure of cytoskeletons obtained and washed in calcium-free media to calcium-containing supernatants of other cell lysates. Thus, marginal band microtubules are calcium sensitive only in the presence of cytoplasm. The calcium-activated disassembly of the marginal band does not appear to be the result of general or tubulin-specific proteolysis and is prevented by the calmodulin inhibitor, trifluoperazine. On sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide gels, samples of calcium-induced, marginal band disassembled cytoskeletons are always tubulin-depleted and also possess a new high molecular weight polypeptide doublet that is believed to constitute stable partial degradation products of spectrin. In the presence of calcium, addition of calmodulin and ATP to cytoskeletons washed free of cytoplasm does not initiate marginal band disassembly. Therefore, if calmodulin mediates marginal band disassembly, it requires cytoplasmic binding proteins or cytoplasmic cofactors. PMID- 3914481 TI - Intracellular positional control of survival or degeneration of nuclei during conjugation in Paramecium caudatum. AB - The survival or degeneration of nuclei produced after meiosis in Paramecium caudatum depends upon their position in the cytoplasm. The surviving nucleus lies in the paroral region, which is the region around the cytostome. In this study, this was confirmed by quantitative measurements of the location of surviving nuclei in both stained and living conjugating cells. Observation of nuclear behaviour in living cells shows that there is an active mechanism for localizing one of the four meiotic products into the paroral region after the second meiotic division. When this mechanism is inhibited by vinblastine, none of the four nuclei gets into the paroral region and all of them become pycnotic, before degenerating. The results show that migration into the paroral region is essential for survival of the nucleus and that microtubules are involved in this nuclear migration. PMID- 3914482 TI - The behaviour in vitro of epidermal cells from normal and pupoid foetus mutant mouse embryos. AB - Pupoid foetus (pf/pf) is a recessive lethal mutation of the mouse causing epidermal hypertrophy and disorganization of peripheral sensory nerves and mesoderm. The comparative behaviour of epidermal cells from normal and pupoid foetus mutant mouse embryos was studied in vitro. Epidermal explants from the snout region of 12.5- to 13-day embryos were grown in culture for periods of up to 2 weeks. Cultures from both phenotypes were filmed using time-lapse cinemicrography for up to 3 days following explantation. Paths of individual cells were traced as they migrated from the explant, and their rate of locomotion and directional persistence were calculated. Differences in these parameters between the two phenotypes were tested statistically. The overall morphology of the cultures, and the tendency of the cells to detach from the periphery of the cell mass were also compared. The results show that, between 25 and 60 h after explantation, epidermal cells from pupoid foetus embryos move consistently more slowly than normal cells, and follow a more erratic path. This situation is reversed, however, between 16 and 25 h. This suggests that the pf mutation causes an alteration in epidermal cells that affects their locomotion, and which is maintained for a minimum of 3 days in the absence of other influencing factors. PMID- 3914483 TI - The kinetic polarities of spindle microtubules in vivo, in crane-fly spermatocytes. II. Kinetochore microtubules in non-treated spindles. AB - We determined the kinetic polarities of chromosomal spindle fibre microtubules in vivo: either the kinetochore or pole ends of chromosomal spindle fibres were irradiated with near-ultraviolet light to prevent depolymerization by colcemid. Irradiations began either just before or just after colcemid addition; cells were continually irradiated and continuously immersed in colcemid. Irradiations of kinetochore ends of chromosomal spindle fibres prevented depolymerization; irradiations of pole ends did not. Therefore, since colcemid acts by binding to the 'on' (assembly) ends of microtubules, the on ends of chromosomal spindle fibre microtubules are at the kinetochores. That is, in untreated chromosomal spindle fibres in vivo tubulin monomers add to kinetochore microtubules at the kinetochore ends. Tubulin diffused from the irradiation sites: irradiations of the cytoplasm sometimes prevented depolymerization of chromosomal spindle fibres. Prevention of chromosomal spindle fibre depolymerization was dependent on the distance of the irradiated region from the nearest chromosome; the longer the distance the less likely was it that the irradiation prevented depolymerization. On the other hand, prevention of chromosomal spindle fibre depolymerization was not dependent on the distance from the irradiated spot to the nearer pole. This analysis, too, we argue, strongly suggests that the kinetochore ends of the chromosomal spindle fibres are the on ends. PMID- 3914484 TI - Studies on the mechanism of hydrated collagen gel reorganization by human skin fibroblasts. AB - During reorganization of collagen gels by human skin fibroblasts the total protein content of the gels remained approximately constant. Only 5% of the collagen was degraded, although the volume of the gels decreased by 85% or more. It could be concluded, therefore, that gel reorganization required physical rearrangement of pre-existing collagen fibrils rather than degradation of the original collagen and resynthesis of a new matrix. Collagen molecules in the gels were not covalently crosslinked or otherwise modified enzymically during gel reorganization, as determined by sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and collagen repolymerization studies. Serum was required for gel reorganization and, in the absence of serum, cell spreading was predominantly filipodial, i.e. there was little cytoplasmic reorganization. At the electron microscopic level it was found that many more collagen fibrils became associated with the cells in the presence of serum than in its absence. Serum was also found to promote the synthesis and secretion of proteins by the cells, and conditioned medium could take the place of serum in promoting gel reorganization. The involvement of cell-secreted factors was also demonstrated by the ability of cycloheximide to inhibit gel reorganization. Finally, when gel reorganization was stopped by adding cytochalasin D to the incubations or removing cells by detergent treatment, a small but significant re-expansion of the collagen fibrils was observed. Consequently, a portion of the collagen that had been physically reorganized by the gels was unstable and could not hold its position without continued force exerted by the cells. PMID- 3914485 TI - Retraction. Inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme activity in cultured endothelial cells by hypoxia. PMID- 3914486 TI - Retraction. Bradykinin production and increased pulmonary endothelial permeability during acute respiratory failure in unanesthetized sheep. PMID- 3914487 TI - Retraction. Systemic circulatory adjustments to acute hypoxia and reoxygenation in unanesthetized sheep. Role of renin, angiotensin II and catecholamine interactions. PMID- 3914489 TI - Some French contributions to dermatopathology. PMID- 3914488 TI - Fluorescence enzyme immunoassay of 21-deoxycortisol in plasma and dried blood sample on filter paper. AB - An enzyme immunoassay of 21-deoxycortisol (21-DOF) in plasma and dried blood spotted on filter paper has been developed. 21-DOF was conjugated to horseradish peroxidase by the mixed anhydride method. Separation of free and bound fractions was done by the use of insolubilized antibody, prepared by coating polyacetal beads with purified IgG of goat anti-rabbit IgG serum. The enzyme activity was measured by the fluorophotometric method using 3-(p-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid and H2O2 as substrates. The sensitivity of the present method was 0.5 pg/tube for 21-DOF. The intra- and interassay coefficients of variation were 3.2 and 8.2, and 7.9 and 9.2% respectively. The present enzyme immunoassay could be applied to mass-screening for congenital adrenal hyperplasia. PMID- 3914490 TI - Clinical characteristics of subungual melanomas in Japan: case report and a questionnaire survey of 108 cases. PMID- 3914491 TI - Influence of route on the induction and persistence of delayed type hypersensitivity to alloantigens. PMID- 3914492 TI - Bullous dermatosis of hemodialysis. PMID- 3914493 TI - Biochemical studies of experimental porphyria. II. The influence of porphyrinogenic substances in mice treated with low concentrations of griseofulvin. PMID- 3914494 TI - Galactose-reacting agglutinins to Sporothrix schenckii. PMID- 3914495 TI - Cytofluorometric study of epidermal cell proliferation induced by oral administration of aromatic retinoid. PMID- 3914496 TI - Verruciform xanthoma of the scrotum. PMID- 3914497 TI - Successful treatment of ulcerated necrobiosis: lipoidica diabeticorum with prostaglandin E1 and skin flap transfer--a case report. PMID- 3914498 TI - Neutrophil migration in granuloma annulare: comparative study between localized and generalized types and between active and regressive states. PMID- 3914499 TI - Atypical cutaneous hemangioma--a skin sign of aortitis syndrome? PMID- 3914500 TI - [Lamellar refractive keratoplasty]. PMID- 3914501 TI - [Focus on an anatomoclinical entity: Biber-Haab-Dimmer lattice dystrophy]. AB - The present study tries to point out new ideas about lattice corneal dystrophy. From our own observations we distinguish five clinical stages corresponding to each decade of life. We discuss the pathogenesis of the disease and the new histochemical and microscopical methods, and we emphasize on surgical treatment. In fact, surgery must be performed late in life and penetrating keratoplasty has become the treatment of choice. However, some authors describe recurrence of clinical signs of the dystrophy in penetrating grafts. In our study of thirty patients (between 1974 and 1984) including histopathologic evidences (66 procedures including 40 penetrating and 26 lamellar keratoplasties), did not find any single case of recurrence after penetrating keratoplasty. PMID- 3914502 TI - [Schnyder's crystalline dystrophy. I. Study of a case by light and electron microscopy]. AB - Bilateral penetrating keratoplasties were performed in a case of Schnyder's crystalline stromal dystrophy and the buttons were examined by light and electron microscopy. Staining for lipids was negative probably because they had been dissolved during the dehydrating stage of the embedding process. In electron microscopy the deposits were highly suggestive of lipids. These deposits appeared as electron-lucent spaces, either empty and of regular geometrical form suggestive of cholesterol crystals, or smaller, rounded, and containing relative electron-lucent material also believed to be lipids. The crystals randomly accumulated in the superficial stroma, in Bowman's layer and in some basal epithelial cells, and the rounded spaces could be seen in all the layers of the stroma. Bowman's layer exhibited many disruptions. The endothelium and Descemet's membrane were unaffected. Our findings are compared with previous histological and electron microscopical reports. PMID- 3914503 TI - [Use of gases in the technic of internal tamponade of retinal detachment]. PMID- 3914505 TI - Serum thyroglobulin (Tg) in presence of thyroglobulin autoantibodies (TgAb). Clinical and methodological relevance of the interaction between Tg and TgAb in vitro and in vivo. PMID- 3914504 TI - Naloxone increases bioactive LH in man: evidence for selective release of early LH pool. AB - Opioid peptides inhibit LH secretion and the opiate antagonist naloxone provokes increases in plasma LH levels by release of endogenous GnRH from the hypothalamus. To explore the effect of endogenously released GnRH on the mobilization of bioactive LH pools, the bioactive LH response to a single iv bolus dose of 20 mg naloxone has been evaluated and compared to the immunoactive pattern of the hormone in eight young normal male volunteers. Blood samples were withdrawn at 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120 min after naloxone injection and LH levels were measured by RIA and rat interstitial cell testosterone (RICT) bioassay. A significant increase in both bio and immuno active LH was observed in all subjects after 15-30 min (p less than 0.05 to p less than 0.001), reaching maximal levels at 30-60 min for both forms of the hormone. The time course of the bioactive LH response magnified the immunoactive LH pattern, and the maximum fold increases were 1.4 and 1.3 fold (62.4 +/- 5.5 SE and 25.0 +/- 3.7 SE mIU/ml) from basal bio and immuno LH levels of 25.9 +/- 4.3 SE and 11.1 +/- 2.0 SE mIU/ml respectively. An early single peak response of bio and immunoactive LH was observed in six subjects while a biphasic pattern was observed in two subjects with a clearly defined and prominent early pool followed by a second pool of higher magnitude. Both bio and immunoactive LH levels began to decline at 45-60 min, but in most subjects remained significantly elevated by about 30% above the basal values at 120 min.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3914506 TI - [Prenatal echographic diagnosis of fetoplacental anasarca]. AB - Ultrasound is becoming more and more important in the routine care of antenatal patients. It makes it possible to diagnose a certain number of fetal abnormalities and in particular fetoplacental oedema whether it is caused by immunological or other factors. If oedema is associated with fetal cardiac arrhythmic conditions it can in certain cases be treated and cured in utero. This work analyses 11 cases of fetal oedema diagnosed by routine ultrasound in the years between 1977 and 1984. PMID- 3914507 TI - [110 cases of longitudinal septa of the vagina]. AB - A retrospective analysis of 110 longitudinal septa ov the vagina which were seen at the Hotel-Dieu in Paris, demonstrated the following features: They were well tolerated and were discovered by chance in nearly 60% of cases, causing symptoms in 40% of cases. These symptoms were: dyspareunia, apareunia, haemorrhage at the first act of intercourse and more recently signs connected with the increasing use of tampons for the periods. They were complete in 49% of cases and incomplete in 51% of cases mainly in the upper part of the vagina. They were associated: in 26% of cases with a bicornuate-bicervical uterus, in 64% of cases with a septate uterus, the septum being total in 54% of the cases, in almost 10% of cases there was either a normal uterus or communicating uteri. There were fewer than 1% of normal uteri above septa that included the cervix and the vaginal vault. Clinical study of these malformations of the uterus and the vagina lead one to be able to make a hypothesis about the embryology: the fusion of the Mullerian canals and then the absorption of the septum where they join starts at the level of the isthmus. All morphological abnormalities of the uterus occur between the 55th and the 68th day of fetal life. The treatment is surgical, which is simple but has to be carried out very carefully. It consists of division or removal of the septum and should be done when the symptoms make it necessary, or during delivery when it gives rise to a dystocia or to a tear, which occurs but rarely. PMID- 3914508 TI - Epidemiology of Escherichia coli--an important but neglected field. PMID- 3914509 TI - Use of bacteriophage as a marker for identification of freshly-isolated individual Escherichia coli strains. PMID- 3914510 TI - Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli infection in Sudan. PMID- 3914512 TI - [Experimental study on the tissue structures surrounding single-crystal alumina ceramic implants under functional stress loads]. PMID- 3914511 TI - Emergency noninvasive external cardiac pacing. AB - Thirty-seven critical emergency department patients underwent attempts at external cardiac pacing over an 11-month period. Indications for pacing were asystole in 16, complete heart block (CHB) in 4, sinus bradycardia in 2, nodal bradycardia in 1, atrial fibrillation with bradycardia in 2, electromechanical dissociation in 1, idioventricular rhythm (IVR) in 10, and torsades de pointes in 1. Eight patients were successfully paced with improvement in their condition. Two were in asystole, two in CHB, three in sinus rhythm or atrial fibrillation with bradycardia, and one in idioventricular rhythm. Mean systolic blood pressure rise with pacing was 95 +/- 50 mm Hg. Six of these patients were ultimately discharged from the hospital. One asystolic patient survived to discharge. Other survivors presented with either CHB or bradycardia. Of the 29 patients who did not respond to pacing, 5 survived to hospital discharge. Surviving nonresponder presenting rhythms were CHB in one patient, sinus or nodal bradycardia in two, IVR in one, and torsades de pointes in one. External cardiac pacemaking appears to be effective in hemodynamically significant bradycardia. It does not appear to be effective in most instances of asystole or IVR resulting from prolonged cardiac arrest. When applied to patients with a responsive myocardium, it may result in significant hemodynamic improvement and may be lifesaving. PMID- 3914513 TI - [Clinical evaluation of bone grafts in periodontal surgery. 1. Use of autogenous bone grafts in 2- and 3-walled interproximal bone defects]. PMID- 3914514 TI - [Microleakage of adhesive resin cements]. PMID- 3914515 TI - [2 case reports of autogenous bone grafts in advanced infrabony periodontal defects]. PMID- 3914516 TI - Anaerobic bacteria in oro-dental infections. PMID- 3914517 TI - Plasmodium falciparum malaria associated with Guillain-Barre syndrome. PMID- 3914518 TI - Tissue distribution of the Pk antigen as determined by a monoclonal antibody. AB - Using an anti-Pk monoclonal antibody (mAb) designated CPK-1, the expression of the Pk antigen was assessed on normal human tissue from non-Pk individuals. Although the Pk antigen was detected on fibroblasts and blood vessels as previously reported, it was also found on smooth muscle cells of the digestive tract and the urogenital system. Pk was also found on glandular cells of the stomach, oesophagus and prostate. Additionally, CPK-1 reacted weakly with oesophagus squamous cells, and a small number of glomeruli and tubules in the kidney. The mechanism of expression of the Pk determinant in non-Pk individuals is discussed. PMID- 3914519 TI - [Cytoskeleton and actin modulating proteins]. PMID- 3914520 TI - [Analyses of human genomic DNAs with oligonucleotide probes]. PMID- 3914521 TI - [Occlusal height and its technics]. PMID- 3914522 TI - Rationale of the substitute "valve" operation by technique II in the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency. AB - The substitute valve operation by Technique II, using a silicone tendon to produce a valve-like mechanism in the popliteal vein, is described. The results in 34 limbs have been assessed by ambulatory venous pressure measurements and by phlebography. Clinical improvement in 32 limbs was associated with improvement in the ambulatory venous pressure and phlebographic evidence of a functioning substitute valve. The efficacy of the substitute valve was studied in limbs operated on by Technique II without operating on the superficial veins. The ambulatory venous pressure and Doppler ultrasound confirmed the absence of popliteal reflux in limbs treated by Technique II. PMID- 3914523 TI - Late results after venous valve repair. AB - Seventeen patients (18 extremities) with primary deep venous insufficiency underwent femoral vein valve repair. Prior to the valvuloplasty the superficial and perforator systems were treated surgically. Dynamic venous pressure measurement and Doppler examination were done for late objective assessment of the valve repair. At early follow-up the reconstructed valves were competent, and all patients showed symptomatical improvement. Significant improvement in pressure reduction and recovery time was observed at postoperative venous pressure measurements. Good or excellent long-term results were obtained in 67% of the extremities after two to five years. Late recurrence of symptoms and incompetence of the reconstructed valve occurred in five extremities. Valve repair may offer good long-term results, but further studies are required to assess the appropriate place of this procedure in the treatment of primary deep venous insufficiency. PMID- 3914524 TI - Overview of potential benefits of direct venous reconstruction. AB - As methods of direct venous reconstruction have been developed, it has been necessary to define which patients should receive these operations and which procedures are clinically acceptable or frankly experimental. The patient who needs venous reconstruction is one who is prevented by his venous stasis disease from gainful employment and/or a comfortable life. Such patients, in general, should receive conventional ablative venous surgery but, in fact, some reconstructive techniques are less traumatic and less morbid. At this time, the technique of venous valve reconstruction by valvoplasty is a standardized procedure which appears to have durable results. Autogenous venous bypasses, as proposed by Palma, to bypass iliac venous occlusion and superficial femoral venous occlusion also appear to have acceptable long-term patency rates. Among the experimental procedures becoming available are prosthetic replacement of major veins and maintenance of patency of such grafts by complementary arteriovenous fistulas. PMID- 3914525 TI - [Relation between various subgingival bacteria and suppurative periodontal pockets in adult periodontitis]. PMID- 3914526 TI - [Immunohistological study on the movement of immune cells in periodontitis. 1. Difference of immunoglobulin-bearing cell populations in patients' of 3 generations]. PMID- 3914527 TI - [Alveolar bone changes after initial preparation observed by subtraction radiography]. PMID- 3914528 TI - [Effect of antibiotic treatment and non-surgical treatment on generalized juvenile periodontitis]. PMID- 3914529 TI - [Clinical results of osteochondral allografts in the treatment of osteochondral defects]. AB - There have been very few clinical reports on osteochondral allograft in Japan. In the allograft we did for osteochondral defects of the knee, seven fresh grafts and four frozen grafts were used. In six of the seven fresh grafts, the surface presented macroscopically and/or arthroscopically the appearance of almost complete normality. From the histological study of the cartilage for biopsy which was obtained from the fresh graft at postoperative fifteen months, the cell viability, though decreased in the superficial layer, was fairly normal and profusely produced proteoglycan stained with safranin-O in both the middle and the deep layers. The cell viability, however, was decreased remarkably or disappeared in all three layers in the biopsy cartilage taken from the frozen graft at over one year postoperatively. The eight of the eleven knees treated with the osteochondral allograft have preserved the joint space on one foot standing radiogram and revealed good function clinically. PMID- 3914530 TI - Modified LeFort III malar-maxillary midfacial advancement. A report of case. PMID- 3914531 TI - [Longitudinal study on bridges with hypermobile abutments]. PMID- 3914532 TI - An overview of licensure and the North East Regional Board. PMID- 3914533 TI - Induction of cell-cell adhesion by monovalent antibodies in a germ cell culture. AB - Four monoclonal antibodies, XT-I, MT-23, MT-24 and MT-29, that bind the XT-1 differentiation-antigen of male germ cells have been used to investigate the biological role of the XT-1-molecule of germ cells in short-term primary culture. Cultures from 10 days postpartum mice demonstrate increasing numbers of antigen positive germ cells and increased antigen expression per cell with succeeding days of culture. Treatment of the antigen-positive cultures with three of the monoclonal antibodies, XT-I, MT-23 and MT-24, increases germ cell-germ cell adhesion in a dose-dependent fashion. Treatment with the fourth monoclonal antibody, MT-29, does not induce cell adhesion. The monovalent, Fab fragment of XT-I-antibody also elicits tight cell adhesion, thus ruling out antibody cross linking of molecules or cells. Saturating or near saturating amounts of the positive antibodies are required to produce adhesion, a result consistent with perturbation of a function that is performed by the sum of action of many of the XT-1-molecules on the cell. The ability of germ cells to undergo antibody elicited tight adhesion is dependent on germ cell age and/or XT-1-antigen concentration. We hypothesize that the XT-1-molecule is involved in regulation of cell adhesion, an event which must occur in normal development. PMID- 3914534 TI - Myogenic differentiation in early chick wing mesenchyme in the absence of the brachial somites. AB - A controversy exists in the literature over the ability of wing mesenchyme of somatopleural origin to form skeletal muscle. Experimental approaches used in such studies leave open the possibility of postoperative accessibility of the experimental wings to somitic cell invasion. In the present study wing somatopleural tissue was isolated from HH stage-12 to -21 chick embryos and grown either in organ culture (OC) or on the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of host chicks, conditions under which postoperative entry of somitic cells is impossible. In the presence of axial and somitic tissues of the brachial region, the wing territories from all four stages underwent comparable growth and tissue differentiation. However, isolated wing regions showed a stage-dependency in the differentiation of skeletal muscle but not of other limb tissues. The incidence and amount of skeletal muscle was markedly reduced in HH stage-12 and -15 isolated wing regions while myogenesis in HH stage-18 and -21 wing buds was not affected by the absence of the somitic tissues. These results are consistent with reported stages of somitic cell migration into wings with the exception of HH stage-12 explants which should have been muscleless if somitic cells are the sole source of wing myofibres. The possibility that somitic cells had been included in these explants was investigated by testing the myogenic potential of lateral plate tissue adjacent to the wing, altering the dissection procedure for isolating wing territories and using antibodies to skeletal muscle myosin and actin to detect myotubes. The results from this series of experiments illustrate the need for extraordinary care in the isolation of wing regions when investigating limb-somite relationships and suggest that the myogenic capacity attributed to wing somatopleural cells in the past can be accounted for by either postoperative entry of somitic cells into experimental wings or inadvertent inclusion of somitic cells in the primordia when dissected. Overall, the results show that somitic cells are the sole source of wing myofibres for, in their absence, somatopleural cells from all mesodermally-derived wing cell types except skeletal myofibres. PMID- 3914535 TI - Patterns of peanut agglutinin binding within the developing grasshopper central nervous system. AB - The location of peanut agglutinin (PNA) binding was investigated in the segmental ganglia of the developing grasshopper embryo. Neuronal processes were stained but cell bodies were not. The first appearance of PNA binding in development was associated with the first neurons to initiate axon outgrowth, the progeny of the MP2 cells. In the early stages of development the location of PNA binding was congruent with that of antibodies against horseradish peroxidase (HRP), which bind to neurons. In more advanced ganglia only a subpopulation of those neuronal processes that bound auti-HRP also bound PNA. The results suggest that PNA binding sites are present only on those neuronal processes which are still developing and raise the possibility that these molecules may play a role in neurite outgrowth and navigation. PMID- 3914536 TI - Exopeptidase profiles of bifidobacteria. AB - The exopeptidase activities of five different strains of bifidobacteria occurring habitually in healthy human intestinal canal were measured on 61 synthetic substrates. The cluster analysis, based on the results, indicates that four strains, with the exception of Bifidobacterium adolescentis a M101-4, have similar exopeptidase profiles. All CFE from these five strains contained at least three kinds of aminopeptidases (aminopeptidase with broad substrate specificity, aminopeptidase hydrolyzing selectively X-Pro type and aminopeptidase hydrolyzing selectively Pro-X type) and carboxypeptidase. PMID- 3914538 TI - An expert system for designing removable partial dentures. Preliminary report. PMID- 3914537 TI - Shape memory effect on Ti-base Ti-V-Fe-Al alloys. Possibility to apply for dental implant. PMID- 3914539 TI - Longitudinal measurements of vertical forces exerted on overdenture abutment teeth--part 1: Without space between denture-base and abutment. PMID- 3914540 TI - Clinical observations of continual changes of marginal gingiva around overdenture abutments--6-month survey. PMID- 3914541 TI - [Shape retention of casting alloys]. PMID- 3914542 TI - [Clinical study of denture wearers on Aguni Island, Okinawa]. PMID- 3914543 TI - [Clinical survey on denture repair]. PMID- 3914544 TI - [Biomechanical changes in the craniofacial skeleton due to rapid expansion appliances]. PMID- 3914546 TI - [An epithelial-connective tissue-osteoperiosteal flap. ECoP]. PMID- 3914545 TI - A review of metabolite kinetics. AB - The importance of metabolites as active and toxic entities in drug therapy evokes the need for an examination of metabolite kinetics after drug administration. In the present review, emphasis is placed on single-compartmental characteristics for a drug and its primary metabolites under linear kinetic conditions. The determination of the first-order elimination rate constants for drug and metabolite are also detailed. For any ith primary metabolite mi formed solely in liver, kinetic parameters with respect to primary metabolite formation under first-order conditions require a comparison of the areas under the metabolite concentration-time curve after drug and preformed metabolite administrations. These area ratios hold regardless of the number of noneliminating compartments for the drug and metabolite. These parameters include fmi and gmi, the fractions of total body clearance that respectively furnishes mi to the general circulation and forms mi, and hmi, the fraction of hepatic clearance responsible for the formation of mi. Moreover, the fraction of dose dmi converted to form mi is defined with respect to the route of drug administration. The inherent assumption of these estimates, however, requires that the extent of sequential elimination of the generated mi be identical to the extent of metabolism of preformed mi. Discrepancies have been found, and may be attributed mostly to the uneven distribution of drug-metabolizing activities as well as to the presence of diffusional barriers. Other linear systems that involve mi formation from multiple organs are briefly described. PMID- 3914547 TI - Atenolol as an anti-hypertensive drug. PMID- 3914548 TI - Evaluation of some radioprotectors by the survival study of rats exposed to lethal dose of whole body gamma radiation. PMID- 3914549 TI - Anti-sperm antibodies, detected by agglutination, immobilization, microcytotoxicity and immunobead-binding assays. AB - To determine the reliability of tests currently utilized in the detection of sperm-reactive antibodies, sera were provided as unknowns and studied without knowledge of the clinical histories. Four laboratories performed tray agglutination tests (TAT), three complement-dependent immobilization (SIT), and single laboratories sperm cytotoxicity (SCT), passive haemagglutination (PHA) and immunobead binding (IBB). Most investigators demonstrated an excellent correlation between duplicate sample results. Nearly all of the female sera were free of anti-sperm antibodies and positive results did not appear in greater frequency in women with unexplained infertility as compared with other categories. For the male sera, the highest incidence of anti-sperm antibodies in the infertile group (21% positive for sperm-reactive IgGs) was obtained by immunobead binding. The GAT and TAT results gave 7 and 12% positives, except for lower results in one laboratory. Sperm-reactive antibodies were detected most commonly in vasectomized men, with all assays except SCT and PHA. Of the newer techniques studied, IBB results correlated well with TAT, GAT and SIT, while SCT and PHA did not, suggesting that a different group of antibodies, perhaps directed against other sperm-associated antigens, was being detected by the latter procedures. In this light, emphasis was placed on the need to validate whether results of particular methodologies correlated with impaired sperm function and to develop methods that provided evidence for this premise, either on the basis of clinical criteria or altered gamete interaction in vitro. PMID- 3914550 TI - Antibody reactivity with porcine zona pellucida. AB - A comparative study on anti-zona antibody activities in the sera from clinically defined categories of patients registered at the WHO Reference Bank for Reproductive Immunology was performed at five different laboratories with different detection methods. Considerably higher incidences of positive reactions were detected by immunofluorescence on porcine zonae in infertile women (16.3%) than in control subjects (7.1%). A similar proportion of positives was found by radioimmuno-binding assay (RIBA) using porcine zona antigen preparation in the infertile group (13.0%) but not in the female control group (0%), giving an indication of the specificity of this test. It is noteworthy that high incidences of positives were observed by RIBA with sera from male subjects with unexplained sterility, vasectomy and aspermatogenesis. A test system of passive hemagglutination reaction (PHAR) using purified porcine zona substance as antigen gave a low but slightly higher incidence of positives in infertile (3.1%) than in control sera (0.9%). No positive reactions were observed with infertile and control sera by another PHAR or by radioimmunoassay using an antigen preparation common to the two test systems. Anti-zona activities in these sera were therefore seen to vary, depending largely upon the detection systems and the antigen preparations. PMID- 3914552 TI - Classics revisited. On the haschisch or Cannabis indica. By John Bell, 1857. PMID- 3914551 TI - Antibodies to microbial, leukocyte and organ antigens. AB - Hemagglutinating antibodies to Mycoplasma hominis were present in 30 of 83 infertile, 15 of 40 pregnant and 5 of 20 post-partum females and 20 of 82 infertile males in contrast to only 2 of 21 fertile females and 5 of 25 fertile males. Their presence correlated with sperm antibody detection by TAT in Lab. 4, the immunobead-binding assay of Lab. 1 and the SIT of Lab. 11, but not with other sperm antibody assays. Immunofluorescent antibodies to Chlamydia trachomatis, on the other hand, did not correlate with the incidence of sperm antibodies. Among 305 serum samples tested, 12 were positive for testicular antibodies, 8 had antibodies to kidney, 7 to ovary and 15 to endometrium. A majority of serum samples positive for antibodies to testis and ovary, but not endometrium, reacted against sperm in different assays. Eight of 135 samples tested had antibodies to human leukocyte antigenic HLA-Aw19 (Aw19, A28, A29, A30 and A32) and/or B35 (B35, B5 and B15) complexes. Six of these samples were also positive for sperm antibodies by one or more antibody assays. Cross-reactive antigens may be present in sperm, M. hominis, testis, ovary and leukocytes. PMID- 3914553 TI - [Electrofocusing--alloy deposition]. PMID- 3914554 TI - [Paralleling cavity preparations using guide tube technics]. PMID- 3914555 TI - Proceedings of the 30th annual meeting of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine and the 14th annual meeting of the Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonographers. October 8-11, 1985, Dallas, Texas. Abstracts. PMID- 3914556 TI - [The role of PGI2 and TXA2 in the pathogenesis of endotoxin-induced lung injury]. PMID- 3914557 TI - [Cefpiramide]. PMID- 3914558 TI - [The role of HLA in bone marrow transplantation]. PMID- 3914559 TI - [A proposal of new criteria for the selection of patients with severe aplastic anemia]. PMID- 3914560 TI - [Interventional radiology in urinary tract obstruction]. PMID- 3914561 TI - [Renal ultrasound: Part I]. PMID- 3914562 TI - [Total lymphoid irradiation (TLI) in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in aplastic anemia]. PMID- 3914563 TI - [Intramural hematoma of the small intestine due to hemophilia A: report of two cases]. PMID- 3914564 TI - [Recent advances in the study of genophotodermatoses]. PMID- 3914565 TI - [Medico-compensational studies on accident in medical practice]. PMID- 3914566 TI - [Changes in the midwifery functions. 2. History prior to the establishment of the Japanese Society of Midwifery and Public Health Nursing]. PMID- 3914567 TI - [Lessons from predecessors in obstetrics. 2. Ms. Tama Aoyama of Kawasaki-shi]. PMID- 3914568 TI - [Incorporation of fetal movements in prenatal diagnosis by ultrasonic tomography in utero]. PMID- 3914569 TI - Sweet taste receptor mechanisms. AB - Chemicals of diverse structures can elicit sweet response in humans, but marked species difference in response to sweet-tasting compounds exists among mammalinan species. In a number of species a distinct group of chorda tympani nerve fibers predominantly responds to sucrose and Na saccharin. Sweet response in certain mammals can be selectively blocked by a number of compounds, including gymnemic acid and ziziphin. Cu and Zn salts also selectively suppress chorda tympani nerve response to sweet stimuli in rodents. Probably Cu2+ and Zn2+ compete with sweet stimuli for binding to receptor molecules. A recent attempt to isolate a protein from monkey tongues revealed the presence of a thaumatin-binding protein of M.W. of approximately 50,000. This protein was predominantly found in taste papillae, with lesser amounts found in non-taste tissue. PMID- 3914570 TI - [Central neural mechanism of the circadian system and its physiological psychology]. AB - Recent advances on the study of circadian rhythm are reviewed and discussed on the following topics: its phylogeny (the existence of extraretinal photoreceptors, photoreceptors for entrainment, the location of circadian oscillators), its ontogeny and aging, its central neural mechanism (the ablation study of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the electrophysiological study of the SCN in multiple unit activity and single neuron activity in rat hypothalamic slice preparation, the use of 2-DG as a functional marker, the transplantation of the SCN, the afferents and efferents of SCN and its peptides), multiple oscillators theory (the anticipatory activities in rats with SCN lesions in response to the restricted feeding schedule, internal desynchronization, splitting), and its psychological significance. Many lines of evidence have shown that the SCN is a putative circadian pacemaker in mammals. On the other hand, other lines of evidence suggest that there are other oscillators outside the SCN. Finally it is emphasized that the chronobiological viewpoint is necessary for the development of psychology. PMID- 3914571 TI - Beta 2-microglobulin clearance in neonates: index of tubular maturation. AB - Serum and urinary beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2M) were studied by enzyme immunoassay in 28 normal neonates at day 1 and day 4 of life in relation to gestational age (GA) and postnatal age (PNA). The infants were grouped according to GA; 10 with GA ranging from 32 to 35 weeks (mean 33.5 weeks) and 18 with GA ranging from 36 to 41 weeks (mean 38.3 weeks). Serum beta 2M varied directly with both GA and PNA. When values for serum beta 2M were related to conceptional age (CA), a significant positive correlation was present for all the infants studied (r = 0.68, P less than 0.01). Fractional excretion of beta 2M (FE beta 2M) decreased as a function of both GA and PNA. When a comparison of FE beta 2M was made in infants of all CA, a significant inverse correlation was noted for infants with CA less than or equal to 35 weeks (r = -0.89, P less than 0.001). The fall in FE beta 2M reached a plateau by 36 weeks. The highest FE beta 2M (33%) was observed in infants of 32 weeks CA who had the lowest filtered beta 2M (F beta 2M). No statistically significant relationship between changes in FE beta 2M and fractional urine flow rate was observed within each of the CA categories (infants less than or equal to 35 weeks, r = 0.21, P = 0.28; infants greater than or equal to 36 weeks, r = 0.25, P = 0.18).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3914572 TI - Post-transplant acute renal failure in cadaver renal recipients treated with cyclosporine. AB - The outcome of patients with acute renal failure following cadaveric renal transplant has been evaluated in a prospective, controlled trial, comparing treatment with cyclosporine (CSA) to prednisone, azathioprine, and antilymphocyte globulin (AZA). There was a high incidence of acute post-transplant renal failure in both groups: 37 of 51 CSA and 31 of 45 AZA patients, due to the long exposure of kidneys to warm and cold ischemia. Onset of adequate renal function was delayed for three or more weeks in 27 (53%) CSA and only nine (20%) AZA patients, and the only predisposing factor found was donor hypotension. All nine AZA and 18 of the 27 CSA patients with prolonged oliguria subsequently had a spontaneous diuresis. Nine of the CSA patients were changed to azathioprine and prednisone because of suspected CSA toxicity, and eight of these kidneys began functioning within days, even though they had been oliguric for 21 to 83 days. Of these nine patients, five had adequate long-term function on AZA, three developed CMV infections that were fatal to two individuals, and two rejected their grafts. Plasma CSA levels fluctuated widely in all patients, but were not higher in any group, including those with prolonged oliguria. During the oliguric period, biopsy specimens proved rejection was more common in the nine patients who had their CSA stopped than in the other CSA patients, and seven of these nine developed a diffuse interstitial fibrosis that was thought to be a manifestation of CSA toxicity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3914573 TI - Abstracts. The XXIInd Congress of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association--European Renal Association. Brussels, Belgium, June 25-29, 1985. PMID- 3914574 TI - Acquired cystic disease: replacing one kidney disease with another. PMID- 3914575 TI - Clinical studies of treatment of falciparum malaria with artemether, a derivative of qinghaosu. PMID- 3914576 TI - An overview of pharmacological research on Chinese: traditional medicines in new China. PMID- 3914577 TI - [History of the development of outpatient gynecologic and obstetrical care of women in Sarajevo]. PMID- 3914578 TI - The lawyer's perspective on the use of ultrasound in obstetrics and gynecology. PMID- 3914579 TI - New initiatives in financing and delivering health care for the medically indigent: report on a conference. PMID- 3914580 TI - New perspectives on the role of magnesium in the pathophysiology of the cardiovascular system. I. Clinical aspects. AB - Until relatively recently, it was generally believed that hypomagnesemia was a rare entity in clinical practice. It is clear, however, from newer studies that the overall incidence of hypomagnesemia in hospitalized patients can range from 7 to 52%. The greatest association of hypomagnesemia in hospitalized patients appears to be in hypokalemic states and in patients confined to intensive care units. Most of these patients demonstrate cardiovascular abnormalities, ranging from cardiac arrhythmias and atrial fibrillation to hypertension. On the basis of primarily epidemiologic and experimental findings, it has been suggested that there may be a strong association between the dietary intake of Mg (and errors in the Mg metabolism and distribution of Mg in the body), the concentration of this element in the myocardium and blood vessels, and the risk for development of cardiac arrhythmias, sudden death ischemic heart disease, hypertension, transient ischemic attacks, strokes and pre-eclampsia-eclampsia. During the past 5-6 years, a considerable amount of new, quantitative clinical evidence has been found which lends considerable support to these tenets. Clinical trials utilizing Mg as a therapeutic tool to treat refractory arrhythmias, digitalis toxicity-associated arrhythmias, myocardial infarctions, diabetic angiopathy, transient ischemic attacks, cerebral resuscitation, hypertension and 'classical' migraine are under way, and to an extent have been successful. Careful assessment of serum, blood cells, and urine for free versus bound Mg should be done routinely in cardiovascular disease and high-risk patients. PMID- 3914581 TI - New perspectives on the role of magnesium in the pathophysiology of the cardiovascular system. II. Experimental aspects. AB - It has generally been believed that the physiological roles for magnesium ions (Mg2+) in cardiac and vascular smooth muscle are limited to regulation of contractile proteins, sarcoplasmic reticular membrane transport of calcium ions (Ca2+), cofactor in ATPase activities and metabolic regulation of energy dependent cytoplasmic and mitochondrial pathways. In addition, up until recently, it was not thought that small changes in free external ([Mg2+]0) or cytoplasmic Mg2+ could exert any significant effects on cardiac or vascular smooth muscle contractility. It is clear, however, from the newer studies that [Mg2+]0 can affect tension and contractility of these muscle cells by altering membrane and intracellular organelle binding and transport of Ca2+, affecting hormone-receptor interactions, regulating electrolyte content and transport, affecting resting membrane-generated and action potentials, altering excitation-contraction coupling events, and regulate peripheral and cerebral vascular tone and blood flow. In addition, it is also now clear that small changes of free [Mg2+] at the cardiac and vascular muscle membranes can exert significant effects on mechanical and electrical activities of these cells. Considerable new data lend support to the idea that [Mg2+]0 is fundamental in the regulation of cardiovascular homeostasis. Dietary, metabolic or drug-induced changes in Mg2+ levels appear to play important roles in the etiology of cardiac and vascular disorders. Evidence is reviewed and presented to indicate that Mg2+ is important in the pathophysiology and treatment of certain forms of experimental and genetic types of hypertension. This divalent cation may also be important in the etiology of a variety of disorders which have vasospasm in common. Evidence is reviewed to support the concept that Mg2+ is a naturally occurring or mimic weak Ca2+ antagonist, which should be useful in the treatment of several types of cardiac and vascular disorders. PMID- 3914582 TI - Therapeutic effect of a magnesium salt in patients suffering from mitral valvular prolapse and latent tetany. AB - The therapeutic efficacy of Mg lactate in 35 patients (4 men and 31 women) suffering from mitral valve prolapse (MVP) and latent tetany attributed to a primary Mg deficit has been studied. The trial undertaken lasted for 16 weeks. 24 patients took Mg lactate during the entire period. In the remaining 11 patients, the trial was divided into two periods of 8 weeks each. During the first period, a placebo was administered; during the second half the patients took the Mg lactate in the same dosage as the other group. The results appear quite favorable particularly in relation to the functional manifestations and in regard to palpitations, atypical precordialgias, peripheral vascular spasms (Raynaud), muscular cramps, and lipothymias. The sign of Trousseau disappeared in the 10 cases in whom it was positive. The patients who were given a placebo during the first 8 weeks of the trial did not show any improvement. However, in the following 8 weeks during Mg lactate therapy, a regression in the symptomatology was noticed. Out of the 24 patients who underwent 16 weeks of treatment with Mg lactate, 29.2% became asymptomatic between the 4th and 12th weeks, in 45.8% one or two symptoms of a psychic nature persisted (e.g. anxiety, depressive tendency), and the remaining 25% showed an improvement, albeit, a less marked one. The auscultatory signs of MVP did not change. A tendency towards a rise in serum levels was noted during the study and was attributed to the action of Mg lactate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3914583 TI - Normocalcemic tetany and candidiasis. AB - We have observed a high frequency of chronic Candida albicans infection and of allergic sensitization to candida among patients with normocalcemic latent tetany (LT). Among 50 LT patients, 34% suffered from recurrent or chronic candida infection by history, 24% showed evidence of active infection and 48% demonstrated type I hypersensitivity to C. albicans extract on intradermal testing. Treatment with oral antifungal drugs and allergy desensitization to Candida produced complete relief of symptoms in 44% of the patients, with remission occurring for symptoms of depression, irritable bowel syndrome, fatigue, premenstrual tension, headache, anxiety and back pain. The complex relationship between candidiasis and Mg deficit is discussed. Patients with LT, refractory symptoms and a history of prolonged antibiotic exposure or recurrent candida infection should be considered for oral antifungal therapy and candida desensitization. PMID- 3914584 TI - Dupuytren's contracture--contemporary views on the etiopathogenesis and clinic of the disease. PMID- 3914585 TI - Karol Otton Jonscher. PMID- 3914586 TI - [Nevus comedonicus]. AB - Nevus comedonicus is and uncommon abnormality. Clinical and histopathologic characteristics are described. Also the histogenesis is discussed. Eleven new cases are reported. A tretinoin solution or cream produced excellent improvement. PMID- 3914587 TI - [The quenching phenomenon or antigenic extinction]. AB - The new concept of "quenching" is exposed for its diffusion and Knowledge. This phenomenon occurs in nature, industry and in clinic dermatology. Doctors working in contact dermatitis suffer contradictions and paradoxic reactions due to "quenching situations". Most important bibliography on this theme is commented. PMID- 3914588 TI - [Pityriasis versicolor in children]. AB - Four cases of pityriasis versicolor in children from two to five months of age are reported and a bibliographic revision is made in this particular age group. PMID- 3914589 TI - [Cellulitis. Study of microangiopathy in 254 cases]. AB - In a previous work, Segers and adl., the histological and histochemical study of the features of cellulitis is performed, expliciting the importance in this lipodystrophy of microangiopathy PAS positive. As a complement of that work, we study a group of 254 patients, all females, which came to us to be treated for their cellulitis, general clinical and local laser therapy. All of these patients presenting microangiopathy of their dermohipodermic capillary vessel confirmed by biopsy. These cases were divided in four groups according to the existence or not family antecedents of diabetes mellitus, and positivity or negativity to the test of glucose overcharge, sensibilized with corticoid (Fajans-Conn). The results are extensively described and discussed, and considerations are made referring to the aetiopathogenesis of both entities, diabetes and micro-pathological angiopathy, that could be generically and/or immunologically related. PMID- 3914590 TI - [Comparative immunopathologic study of oral aphthae, non-involved mucosa from aphthae patients, healthy mucosa and trauma-induced ulcers]. AB - The presence of IgG, IgA, IgM, C1q, C3c, fibrinogen and properdin has been studied using direct immunofluorescence technique. The same study has been performed in clinically normal mucosa of patients with aphthous ulcers, normal mucosa of healthy volunteers and traumatically induced ulcers. We have also studied the possible presence of reactive serous immunoglobulins with normal mucosa by indirect immunofluorescence. Our findings do not support previous studies which claimed the presence of vasculitis induced by the presence of immunoreactants in the vessel walls. PMID- 3914591 TI - [Occurrence of pterygium inversum unguis in an adult population]. AB - Pterygium inversum unguis (PIU) is a digital anomaly characterized by adherence of the subungueal tissue to the ventral surface of the distal nail plates. Universal medical literature in ten years reported 24 cases. The foresight that this anomaly could be more frequent, although unnoticed, led us to perform a survey through a systematic digital checking of all patients who were examined by us, in a 8 month period. In this period 2,000 clients were examined, 1,000 being of the female sex and 1,000 of the male sex. Eight cases of PIU of hands, with no familiar trait were diagnosed, 6 of them in females and 2 in males. From the cases in males, 1 was of the idiopathic congenital type and the other was of the secondary type (post-traumatic). From the cases identified in females, 5 were of the idiopathic type (4 acquired and 1 congenital) and 1 was of the secondary type (dermatomyositis). PIU was diagnosed in 8 of the 2,000 adult patients examined by us, reaching 0.4% in frequency. The final result was in accordance with our previous opinion that is not uncommon the incidence of the PIU allowing us to assemble in a short period of time a number of cases larger than any other survey found in medical literature. PMID- 3914592 TI - [Myoma of the breast muscle]. AB - A female patient presented with a tumoral lesion of the areola of the left breast; the lesion surrounded the nipple. Histopathologically there was proliferation of smooth muscle fibers of the middle and deep layers of the dermis; the papillary dermis was not affected. Myomas in this site do not present the typical characteristics of other kinds of leiomyomas, including those of the scrotum. Therefore, mamillary muscle myomas should not be considered authentic tumors, but rather smooth muscle hyperplasias. PMID- 3914593 TI - [Furuncular myiasis]. AB - Prior knowledge of foruncular myiasis in Africa and American specially Mexico, is reviewed, leading to current criteria for definitive on of this disease. The Dermatobia genus, species hominis, are parasitic for man. Our cases belong to the latter. Epidemiological studies show the States of Tabasco, Chiapas and Campeche as most heavily affected, specially during the rainy season in which insects proliferate including vectors. Clinical studies confirmed five evolutionary stages of larvae. In the first stage larvae show a wide anterior and a narrow distal ends. The latter curls in. They show noticeable rings and reach up to 1 cm. in length. In the second stage, at 15 days, larvae resemble a segmented dagger. In the third stage, at 30 days, become ovate, showing rings and cyliae, the worms being white and soft. In the fourth stage, at 45 days, the worms are two cms. long and one cm. thick, the cyliae becoming more abundant and black. At 50 days structures suggesting wings appear. Adult Dermatobia are large flies, two cms. in length, with long extremities, a brown thorax, and a purplish blue abdomen, with a metallic sheen. Man becomes infested through arthropod bites or bathing in a pool larvae reach inside follicles, giving rise to erythema, papules and severe pruritus, Papules increase in size, infiltrate subcutaneous tissue, forming bluish red hard nodules, 1-2 cms. in length, which contain one or several larvae. From 10 to 60 days, their tops show an ecchymotic plaque which breaks down. The parasites come out usually dead. Besides pruritus symptoms include pain, a burning sensation, perception of larval motion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3914594 TI - [Treatment of verruca with DNCB]. AB - The authors analyse the use of topical DNCB in the treatment of warts evaluating the influence of lesions duration and its number on the results which were obtained. They came to the conclusion that in the 29 cases which were studied, the number of lesions had no influence at all. The shorter the duration of a lesion was, the better the results obtained were. PMID- 3914595 TI - [Ecology of various tropical dermatoses in Peru]. AB - Special circumstances: Mountains called "Los Andes", the Humbolt maritime current, subtropical region; which makes the peruvian territory present the ecosystem which influence the fauna, flora, and pothology. Contain diseases like parasite dermatosis (mal de Pinto, verruga peruana, leishmaniasis, blastomycosis and pain) have close relation with the different ecosystem of the peruvian territory. This study only includes these dermatosis and are resumed as follows: The disease called, mal del Pinto is only diffused in the arid coast, andean valleys and the virgin forest (it is found in altitudes of 800 to 1,000 m.). The verruga peruvian: Is found in the occidental part of the andean valleys (at 800 and 1,000 m. of altitude). Leishmaniasis exist in two forms: One like bottom of orient with only skin alteration called leishmaniasis andina (uta for the indians), its propagated in the coast and the andean valleys at 200 m. (amount 1,200 to 3,000); the otter form affects the mycosis, called leishmaniasis americana (espundia for the indians), its it propagates general in the virgin forest. The brazilian blastomycosis only exists in the virgin forest. The pain, disease does not exist in the arid coast, nor in the andean valleys. Geographically, for its propagation it is necessary heat, humidity and heavy rainy water, that is why it is only found in the virgin forest. PMID- 3914596 TI - [A case for diagnosis. Sweet's syndrome]. PMID- 3914597 TI - [Ichthyosis X. Clinical review and rapid identification using lipid electrophoresis]. AB - Ichthyoses X as a part of the steroid sulphatase deficiency syndrome are reviewed. The usefulness of lipid electrophoresis is emphasized. PMID- 3914598 TI - [Behavior of the intradermal reaction with lepromin in sarcoidosis patients]. AB - The Lepromin (Mitsuda) skin test was performed in 14 patients with sarcoidosis and in 40 controls. In the sarcoidosis patients results were negative in 85.8% and positive in 14.2%. In the control group, on the contrary, results were negative in 15.0% and positive in 85.0%. Thus it became evident that patients with sarcoidosis produce an impaired reaction to the characteristic granuloma formation of the Mitsuda test. This seems to be a paradoxical response, since sarcoidosis is an essentially granulomatous disease. PMID- 3914599 TI - [Sporadic dysplastic nevus syndrome. ULtrastructural observations]. AB - A case of sporadic dysplastic nevus syndrome is presented, with light and electronic microscopy. The absence of macromelanosomes in the ultrastructural studies of the nevoid lesion supports the nosological identity of the disease (histological marker). PMID- 3914600 TI - [Localized xanthoma in lymphedema]. AB - We report a case of xanthoma and lymphoedema in a patient who has aortic insufficiency. The association of lymphoedema and vascular malformations has been reported and seems to be occasional. The lymphoedema is primary and of early onset. Localized xanthomas follow the ingestion of lipoproteins by local histiocytes. We observed partial regression of xanthomas with alleviation of lymphoedema. There seems to be the ten reports of such association. PMID- 3914601 TI - [Paraneoplastic palmar erythema]. AB - The authors one human case of symmetric palmar erythema with chronic evolution going before subclinical metastasis of gastric adenocarcinoma. Short review of palmar erythema cases associated with others diseases is presented. They point out the similarity of clinical aspect and iconography with another case associated to Hodgkin disease. Considering the few bibliographical references on this topic, they suggest the systematic investigation of neoplastic disease when a palmar erythema is detected without any other etiology. PMID- 3914602 TI - [Tinea manuum. Report of 13 cases]. AB - The authors report 13 cases of tinea manuum and emphasize that this condition is not commonly described in the Brazilian medical literature. Eight males and five females, aged 18 to 72 years, presented an infection ranging from 1 month to 20 years. The main clinical picture was of desquamating type on the palms without fingernails lesions. All patients had associated dermatophytosis of the feet. Trichophyton mentagrophytes, T. rubrum and Epidermophyton floccosum were the species isolated from the hands. The trichophytin test was positive in all cases and treatment with oral griseofulvin and topical clotrimazole and miconazole was rather effective. Clinical evaluation at the end of the treatment and afterwards did not show relapses. PMID- 3914603 TI - [Florid papillomatosis and spinocellular epithelioma in addition to the lesions of chronic lupus erythematosus]. AB - A case of florid papillomatosis lesions overlying manifestations of chronic disseminated lupus erythematosus located on the external ear is reported. Besides, the patient presented an infiltrating semi-differentiated squamous cell epithelioma in the lower lip semimucosa. A description and evaluation are made of the therapeutic plan instituted for both conditions. Besides the infrequent skin localization of florid papillomatosis another point worthy of note is its manifestation on lupus erythematosus lesions. The authors remark that they have found no record of the association reported upon in the literature at their disposal. PMID- 3914604 TI - [Actinic reticuloid and pigmented exuberant conjunctivitis. Report of case]. AB - The authors report the case of a patient showing simultaneously actinic reticuloid (AR) and pigmented exuberant conjunctivitis (PEC), which are frequently encountered separately in the highlands of Bolivia. This pathological association could be in favour of the actinic origin of PEC, whereas for RA this origin is quite obvious. The main characteristics of PEC are described, insisting on differentiation with spring conjunctivitis. As a consequence of this association and the observation of other similar cases of PEC in the course of other photodermatoses, the authors are led to consider PEC as the only extra cutaneous alteration up to now, and one more feature in the clinical picture of photodermatoses of altitude. PMID- 3914606 TI - [Infantile and progressive papular mucinosis]. AB - We comment the histologic and clinical features of a process studied in a 2-year old patient with neither clinical nor laboratory evidence of any other disease, being characterized by the existence of multiple papules, grouped but not confluent, asymptomatic, skin-coloured or slightly erythematous and located on the lumbar area. The outset of the lesions occurred at birth and their number has increased all through the first two years of file. The histologic image is consistent with mucin focus in the middle dermis, relatively well limited but without a perilesional capsule, associated to a fibroblast proliferation. The case is considered to be a reactive modification of fibroblasts with an alteration of their secretory capacity, which causes an increase of mucin with a decrease in the connective fibrillar components. The differences of this process with other primary or secondary cutaneous mucinosis especially with focal mucinosis are discussed. The non-specificity of the clinical features, makes it necessary to carry out the microscopic examination to get the correct diagnosis, being the surgical excision of the lesion the treatment of choice. PMID- 3914605 TI - [Mycetomas with pulmonary dissemination]. AB - Three mycetoma cases with pulmonary dissemination are presented. Two of them caused by N. brasiliensis and one by N. asteroides. The dissemination in one of them was by contiguity and the two other by hematogenous way. We point out the sequence of treatments used, emphasizing the excellent therapeutic result achieved with the association of sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim and amikacin endovenously. We propose a therapeutic trial in a greater number of severe cases of mycetoma with the last antibiotic association in order to evaluate its therapeutic efficacy. PMID- 3914607 TI - [Multiple trichoepitheliomas with genital and paragenital localization. Ultrastructural study]. AB - We report a case of trichoepithelioma papulosum multiplex in a 35 year-old woman. Genital and paragenital lesions were found for the first time. The islands of basaloid cells and horny cysts were studied by electron microscopy. Ultrastructural differences between the trichoepithelioma papulosum multiplex and the basal cell epithelioma are discussed. PMID- 3914608 TI - [Cellulite]. AB - In a group of 130 patients carriers of cellulite, that were subjected to a general clinic treatment and local treatment of laser-therapy, the authors, previous to the therapeutics, made an anatomopathologic study of the skin and the adipose tissue. The biopsies were done on patients of the feminine sex, confirming that all these cases presented the histopathologic and histochemical features of cellulite in their dermo-hypodermic tissue. A full study of intolerance to carbohydrates; lipidic, proteic and hormonal metabolism was also performed in all patients. Comparing the different parameters, the authors emphasize the multiple pathogenic varieties of the illness, and the possibility of future risk of macroangiopathy and coronariopathy. PMID- 3914609 TI - [Piebaldism associated with cancer]. AB - A family in which piebaldism is inherited in a dominant pattern is described. In this kindred the cutaneous signs were associated to a high incidence of cancer. Malignancy usually became apparent in the fourth decade and did not correspond to any fixed histopathologic type. Associated cutaneous alterations were: "cafe au lait" spots in two members and telangiectasias in one. A peculiar distribution of blood vessels in fundus oculi was found in one member. One patient had broad nasal bridge and low implanted ears was found in another. The initial cases were two male brothers who had central nervous system tumours. One had a pituitary adenoma and the other a grade III astrocytoma. As it is important to find biologic markers in familial cancer, we speculate, that may be in this family, the marker could be the cutaneous hypopigmentation. Numerous cutaneous syndromes associated to a predisposition to develop cancer have been described, and may be piebaldism is a new one. More observations are needed to corroborate these findings. PMID- 3914610 TI - [Case for diagnosis. Colloid pseudomilium]. PMID- 3914611 TI - [In search of the truth]. PMID- 3914612 TI - [Hemorrhages from the upper respiratory tract, esophagus and ear]. PMID- 3914613 TI - A study of some species in the Aspergillus niger group. PMID- 3914615 TI - [Diabetes in the tropics. Comparison of the history of medicine and current anatomo-clinical status]. PMID- 3914614 TI - Low renin, low aldosterone hypertension associated with hypokalemia. Report of two cases. PMID- 3914616 TI - [A simple and rapid latex agglutination test for Treponema pallidum antibody]. PMID- 3914617 TI - [Prosthodontic evaluation of clinical experiences in the structural factors of abstruse cases of distal extension removable partial dentures]. PMID- 3914618 TI - [Dentures in clefts of the alveolus and palate using the Dolder Bar attachment 336]. PMID- 3914619 TI - [Use of a micro-focus roentgen system to study undecalcified tooth sections]. PMID- 3914620 TI - A pilot vitamin intervention trial in Linxian, People's Republic of China. AB - A 24-week pilot study of daily or weekly multiple vitamin supplementation among 852 adults in Linxian, where the rate of esophageal cancer is exceptionally high, demonstrated the feasibility of an intervention trial in this population. Compliance, when judged by pill count, was high for both frequencies of pill use. Only 2% of the subjects refused to take any pills, and, among pill takers, over 95% were reported to be taking most of their pills at the end of the study. Biochemical confirmation of high compliance was demonstrated in urine and blood tests, which showed markedly improved vitamin levels after supplementation. Results of the pilot study indicated that a system in which barefoot doctors were used in pill distribution was effective and that established field operating procedures for a full-scale intervention trial in this area were acceptable. PMID- 3914621 TI - Rationale and design of cancer chemoprevention studies in Seattle. AB - Three cancer prevention trials are currently in their early phases at The Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, the University of Washington School of Public Health and Community Medicine, and the Swedish Hospital. All 3 studies are randomized and placebo controlled. One large-scale study involves the daily administration of retinoids to persons with asbestos-related lung disease in an attempt toward reduction of their high risk for bronchogenic carcinomas and mesotheliomas. A second study involves administration of the same agents to long term heavy smokers; a substantial feasibility and toxicity pilot study will precede a full-scale prevention trial. In the third trial, folic acid administration is evaluated in relation to the progression and regression of cervical dysplasia among women with abnormal Pap smears. We report here the rationale and the design for these 3 studies. PMID- 3914622 TI - Some considerations in the design of a nutrition intervention trial in Linxian, People's Republic of China. AB - Various issues pertaining to the design of a nutrition intervention trial in Linxian, a county in North Central China where esophageal cancer rates are extraordinarily high among a population with chronic deficiencies of multiple nutrients, are addressed. Two target populations are identified: One is a group of patients diagnosed with severe esophageal dysplasia, the other is the general population of the high-risk area. Interventions involving the supplementation of each group with vitamins and minerals are described, and a rationale is provided for the selection of nutrients and choice of dose levels. Several potential statistical designs are evaluated, with particular emphasis on the balancing of gains in specificity afforded by full and fractional factorial designs against their potential loss in sensitivity compared with the simplest design involving a placebo versus a multiple vitamin and mineral supplement. PMID- 3914623 TI - A double blind placebo controlled trial of ascorbic acid in obesity. AB - A double blind placebo controlled trial of ascorbic acid was carried out in 41 severely obese subjects. 38 patients completed the 6 week trial. 19 received 3g of ascorbic acid per day, 19 received placebo. The weight loss during the trial was small in both groups but was significantly greater in the ascorbic acid treated group. PMID- 3914624 TI - The Bott family of dentists. PMID- 3914625 TI - A link with the past: John and Arthur Dainty. PMID- 3914626 TI - Cyril Bowdler Henry FDS MRCS RCS Eng., LRCP, LDS and his notes on dentistry. PMID- 3914627 TI - The life of James Robinson, Britain's first anaesthetist. PMID- 3914629 TI - When did Bartholomew Ruspini come to England? PMID- 3914628 TI - Carl Koller--the man and the drug. PMID- 3914630 TI - 19th century toothbrushes. PMID- 3914631 TI - [Flow studies of molten metal in a horizontal centrifuge casting using a 8mm-high speed camera]. PMID- 3914632 TI - [Bourneville's tuberous sclerosis of neonatal disclosure. Apropos of 2 cases]. AB - A cardiac murmur was found in a newborn, after 12 hours of life. It was related to an intracardiac tumor, and we made the diagnosis of tuberous sclerosis. The same diagnosis was made in another patient, with a tumor diagnosed by obstetrical echography. In these two cases, seizures occurred rapidly during the evolution. In one case, the heredity was dominant, in the other one, it was a "de novo" mutation. It is unusual to diagnose tuberous sclerosis during the neonatal period, so we report these two cases. PMID- 3914633 TI - Isomeric fatty acids and tumorigenesis: a commentary on recent work. AB - This article critically reviews the existing, although limited, literature concerning trans fatty acids and tumorigenesis. Neither epidemiological nor experimental studies published to date have demonstrated any valid association between trans fatty acid ingestion and tumorigenesis. A recent study showed that under controlled conditions, a fat with a high content of trans fatty acids did not promote the development of mammary tumors induced in rats by 7,12 dimethylbenz[a]anthracene to any greater extent than did a comparable fat with a high content of cis fatty acids. In addition, in this study a high trans fat was less tumor promoting than was a blend of fats that simulated the dietary fat composition of the United States and had a lower level of trans fatty acids. Another study using comparable cis and trans fats demonstrated that the high trans fat did not affect the growth and metastasis of implanted mammary tumors in mice relative to the high cis fat. Also, two recent studies reported no significant difference in the development of induced colon tumors in rats fed diets high in cis or trans fatty acids. The results of these and other studies are consistent with the conclusion that trans fatty acids are not uniquely related to tumor development. PMID- 3914634 TI - [Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis--individual cases or a problem?]. PMID- 3914635 TI - Neuropeptide Y: direct and indirect action on insulin secretion in the rat. AB - Neuropeptide Y (NPY) was tested for an ability to directly influence the release of insulin using an in vitro isolated rat pancreatic islet system. NPY, at doses ranging from 100 pg/ml to 1 microgram/ml, had no significant effect on the basal release (5.5 mM glucose) of insulin. However, NPY treatment resulted in a significant, dose-dependent (1 ng/ml to 1 microgram/ml) inhibition of glucose stimulated (11 mM) insulin release. When tested in a perfused rat pancreas preparation in situ, NPY administration led to a marked inhibition of both basal and stimulated insulin release followed by a postinhibitory rebound which exceeded the control insulin levels by 3-fold. In contrast, the intracerebroventricular (ICV) microinjection of NPY (5 micrograms) produced a significant but delayed (30 min) elevation of circulating insulin. It is therefore suggested that the direct action of NPY on insulin release is inhibitory while the central action of NPY indirectly results in an increase in plasma insulin. Thus, NPY may be added to the growing list of peptidergic agents which may affect the endocrine pancreas by acting as neurotransmitters and/or neuromodulators. PMID- 3914636 TI - Effects of neuropeptide Y (NPY) on the release of anterior pituitary hormones in the rat. AB - Neuropeptide Y (NPY) has been recently localized in several hypothalamic nuclei in the mammalian brain. In order to investigate the possible role of NPY on neuroendocrine function, we have investigated the effects of the peptide on the release of anterior pituitary hormones in the rat. Both intravenous (300 micrograms) or intraventricular (2 to 15 micrograms) injection of NPY produced in gonadectomized male rats a significant and long-lasting decrease of plasma LH levels. A short duration stimulating effect on prolactin plasma levels was also observed after the intravenous but not after the intraventricular injection of NPY. Plasma levels of the other pituitary hormones were not significantly modified after NPY injection. When incubated in vitro with anterior pituitary cells in monolayer culture, NPY produced no significant change in release of pituitary hormones. Thus NPY seems to exert a selective effect on LH release. Since this effect can be observed after both intravenous and intraventricular injection, it might be hypothesized that NPY could affect LHRH release in two areas which lack blood-brain barrier: the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis (OVLT) which contains LHRH cell bodies and NPY fibers and the median eminence which contains both LHRH and NPY fibers. The effect on prolactin release needs to be carefully evaluated in different experimental conditions. PMID- 3914637 TI - Localization and identification of neuropeptide Y (NPY)-like immunoreactivity in the frog brain. AB - The distribution of neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the central nervous system of the frog Rana ridibunda was determined by immunofluorescence using a highly specific antiserum. NPY-like containing perikarya were localized in the infundibulum, mainly in the ventral and dorsal nuclei of the infundibulum, in the preoptic nucleus, in the posterocentral nucleus of the thalamus, in the anteroventral nucleus of the mesencephalic tegmentum, in the part posterior to the torus semicircularis, and in the mesencephalic cerebellar nucleus. Numerous perikarya were also distributed in all cerebral cortex. Important tracts of immunoreactive fibers were found in the infundibulum, in the preoptic area, in the lateral amygdala, in the habenular region, and in the tectum. The cerebral cortex was also densely innervated by NPY-like immunoreactive fibers. A rich network of fibers was observed in the median eminence coursing towards the pituitary stalk. Scattered fibers were found in all other parts of the brain except in the cerebellum, the nucleus isthmi and the torus semicircularis, where no immunoreactivity could be detected. NPY-immunoreactive fibers were observed at all levels of the spinal cord, with particularly distinct plexus around the ependymal canal and in the distal region of the dorsal horn. At the electron microscope level, NPY containing perikarya and fibers were visualized in the ventral nuclei of the infundibulum, using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase and the immunogold techniques. NPY-like material was stored in dense core vesicles of 100 nm in diameter. A sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay was developed. The detection limit of the assay was 20 fmole/tube. The standard curves of synthetic NPY and the dilution curves for acetic acid extracts of cerebral cortex, infundibulum, preoptic region, and mesencephalon plus thalamus were strictly parallel. The NPY concentrations measured in these regions were (pmole/mg proteins) 163 +/- 8, 233 +/- 16, 151 +/- 12 and 60 +/- 13, respectively. NPY was not detectable in cerebellar extracts. After Sephadex G-50 gel filtration of acetic acid extracts from whole frog brain, NPY-like immunoreactivity eluted in a single peak. Reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and radioimmunoassay were used to characterize NPY-like peptides in the frog brain. HPLC analysis revealed that infundibulum, preoptic area and telencephalon extracts contained a major peptide bearing NPY-like immunoreactivity. The retention times of frog NPY and synthetic porcine NPY were markedly different. HPLC analysis revealed also the existence, in brain extracts, of several other minor components cross-reacting with NPY antibodies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3914638 TI - Co-localization of neuropeptide tyrosine (NPY) and its C-terminal flanking peptide (C-PON). AB - Neuropeptide tyrosine (NPY) is one of the most abundant and widespread peptides in the mammalian nervous system. Recent isolation and sequencing of the DNA encoding NPY has predicted the existence of a 97 amino acid precursor peptide. Proteolytic processing of this precursor could yield three separate peptide products, an N-terminal signal peptide, neuropeptide tyrosine and a 30 amino acid C-terminal flanking peptide (C-PON). Here, we present evidence that the predicted C-flanking peptide of NPY is widely distributed in both the central and peripheral nervous systems of several mammalian species including man, and has an identical distribution to NPY. It was also demonstrated, using correlative light microscopic immunostaining on serial sections and double electron microscopic immunocytochemistry, that C-PON and NPY immunoreactivities are co-localized in neuronal cell bodies of the brain cortex, sympathetic ganglion cells, norepinephrine-containing granules of the adrenal medulla and in human pheochromocytoma tumor cells. PMID- 3914639 TI - [Effect of tobacco smoking on human hematopoietic and immune systems]. PMID- 3914640 TI - [Bacteriophage typing of Klebsiella. II. Bacteriophage typing in the epidemiology of Klebsiella infections]. PMID- 3914641 TI - [Immunoenzyme test ELISA: classification and nomenclature]. PMID- 3914642 TI - Purification of hydrogenase by fast protein liquid chromatography and by conventional separation techniques: a comparative study. AB - Hydrogenase was purified from the photosynthetic bacterium Thiocapsa roseopersicina to homogeneity by various methods. Conventional techniques included separation of the crude protein extract on Phenyl-Sepharose CL 4B, DEAE cellulose DE52, and chromatofocusing columns or on preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The same protein was isolated by fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) in two steps. Comparison of the two different approaches clearly show the superiority of the FPLC method both in enzyme recovery yield and in time requirement. PMID- 3914643 TI - Combination chemotherapy directed at the components of nucleoside diphosphate reductase. AB - It would be expected that drugs directed at the rate-limiting step in a key metabolic pathway in tumor cell proliferation would provide a useful basis for therapy of neoplasms. Ribonucleotide reductase catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the de novo synthesis of dNTP's for DNA synthesis. Further, ribonucleotide reductase is composed of two non-identical protein subunits (non-heme iron and effector-binding subunits) which can be specifically and independently inhibited. As a result, combinations of drugs specifically directed at each of the subunits of ribonucleotide reductase have been shown to cause synergistic inhibition of L1210 cell growth in culture and synergistic cell kill. This approach offers a novel basis for the design of combination chemotherapy. PMID- 3914644 TI - Praziquantel: mechanisms of anti-schistosomal activity. PMID- 3914645 TI - Physiologic pharmacokinetic models and interanimal species scaling. PMID- 3914646 TI - Perspectives for gene therapy: inserting new genetic information into mammalian cells by physical techniques and viral vectors. PMID- 3914647 TI - Surgical intervention in atherosclerosis: partial ileal bypass and the Program on Surgical Control of the Hyperlipidemias (POSCH). PMID- 3914648 TI - Responses of skeletal muscle to unloading--a review. PMID- 3914649 TI - Microprobe analyses of epiphyseal plates from Spacelab 3 rats. PMID- 3914650 TI - Plasma renin concentrations (PRC) of rats orbited for 7 days aboard NASA Spacelab 3. PMID- 3914651 TI - Volume regulating hormones (renin, aldosterone, vasopressin and natriuretic factor) during simulated weightlessness. PMID- 3914652 TI - The effect of stannous fluoride mouthrinses on the accumulation of plaque and gingival inflammation following periodontal surgery. PMID- 3914653 TI - Survey of current therapy 1985-1986. Root treatment--part I. PMID- 3914654 TI - Nutritional aspects of parasitic infection. AB - The nutritional basis of the ecological relationship between parasites and their hosts is reviewed using examples of the parasitic infections of man whenever possible. Two important points are discussed first: the distinction between parasitic infection and parasitic disease, and the concepts of synergism or antagonism between undernutrition and parasitic disease. The effects of parasites on the nutritional status of the host are examined in four ways. First, in terms of the ways in which parasites can disturb nutritive processes by effects on physical activity to obtain food, and by effects on food consumption, digestion and absorption. Secondly, in terms of the nutritional cost of an infection to a parasitised host. Thirdly, in terms of the feeding, nutrition and metabolism of parasites. Finally, in terms of damage to the tissues of the host caused by parasites. Two other sections deal briefly with the transmission of parasites in food and the effects of food on parasites. PMID- 3914655 TI - [The current situation of the studies on the transcription regulation of eukaryotic genes]. PMID- 3914656 TI - [Transcriptional regulation of yeast genes for galactose metabolism]. PMID- 3914657 TI - [Transcriptional regulation of ribulosebiphosphate carboxylase gene by light]. PMID- 3914658 TI - [Expression of bean phaseolin gene after Ti plasmid-mediated transfer to sunflower and tobacco]. PMID- 3914659 TI - [Regulation of rDNA transcription in Xenopus embryogenesis]. PMID- 3914660 TI - [Analysis of promoter function by the use of in vitro genetics]. PMID- 3914661 TI - [Template structure and in vitro transcriptional regulation]. PMID- 3914662 TI - [Analysis of the promoter function of cellular slime mold actin genes in the cell free transcription system]. PMID- 3914663 TI - [Possible role of the upstream region of the fibroin gene in the formation of transcription complexes in vitro]. PMID- 3914664 TI - [delta-Crystallin genes--structure and control of in vitro and in vivo transcription]. PMID- 3914665 TI - [Transcription signals and regulatory factors of mammalian ribosomal RNA genes]. PMID- 3914666 TI - [Analysis of sericin gene expression by organ transplantation]. PMID- 3914667 TI - [Cloning and DNA polymorphisms of the HLA class II antigen genes; regulation of their expression by differential splicing]. PMID- 3914668 TI - Fluid balance in hot climates: sweating, water intake, and prevention of dehydration. PMID- 3914669 TI - The past, present, and future of hypertension control in Israel. PMID- 3914670 TI - Reproductive health of working women: spontaneous abortions and congenital malformations. PMID- 3914671 TI - Epidemiology and community control of hypertension in China. PMID- 3914672 TI - Passive smoking: a public health problem. PMID- 3914673 TI - [Gonococcal and nongonococcal urethritis]. PMID- 3914675 TI - [Root planing--basic considerations]. PMID- 3914674 TI - [Septic leg fractures. Value of cancellous bone grafting without skin closure, aligned on the fibula]. AB - The authors have treated 63 septic fractures of the tibia, 29 of whom were seen less than four months after the injury; the remainder were more long-standing. In both series the surgeon faced three problems--curing of the septic drainage, skin cover and bone union. In 46 cases bone excision was considered necessary: in 18 diaphyseal resection was performed. Immobilisation of the fracture was obtained by plaster cast in 14 cases, an external fixator in 48 cases, and medullary nailing in one. Reconstruction was needed in 11 cases after closed grafting, 9 of them being tibio-fibular, and in 46 after cancellous graft without skin closure. The results in 63 cases were 61 unions: 43 primary unions, 19 additional procedures to reinforce callus and 1 amputation. In two patients union remained particularly tenuous. Two patients are still showing discharge and 9 have poor skin cover. The average time to bone union was nine months and was twelve months in cases of resections greater than 3 cms. The authors are in favour of a technique of massive cancellous bone grafting of the tibia, aligned towards the fibula with partial skin closure. This procedure leads to a firmer and more rapid bone union than the Papineau technique. Secondary bone or skin procedures were needed less often. Tibio-fibular grafting was indicated in cases of limited infection and when the main tibial fragments were still uniting postero laterally. PMID- 3914676 TI - [Initial preparation. Rationale and practice of root planing]. PMID- 3914677 TI - [Rationale and practice for root planing]. PMID- 3914678 TI - [Computerized multicenter study for evaluating the results of surgery of the middle ear]. PMID- 3914679 TI - [Necessity of freeing the hyomandibulopexy in Pierre Robin syndrome]. PMID- 3914680 TI - [Trial of Oropivalone-bacitracin in the local treatment of pharyngitis following the radiotherapy of cancers of the upper respiratory and digestive tract]. PMID- 3914681 TI - [Almitrine dimesylate: ventilatory or vascular action]. PMID- 3914682 TI - [Vectarian international multicenter study (VIMS) in hypoxemic chronic bronchitis patients treated by the double-blind placebo method for 1 year. Follow-up of the monitoring of 490 patients]. PMID- 3914683 TI - [Comparative treatment of gastric ulcer with pirenzepin, cimetidine and placebo]. PMID- 3914684 TI - [Infections in kidney transplant recipients]. PMID- 3914686 TI - [History of ancylostomiasis in Chile]. PMID- 3914685 TI - [Recent advances in thyroid pathology in Chile]. PMID- 3914687 TI - [Surface remineralization following acid etching of human enamel]. PMID- 3914688 TI - [Effect of acid etchants and restorative resin penetration into primary dentin after diammine silver fluoride application (I)]. PMID- 3914689 TI - [Importance of the environment in geriatrics in the fabrication of complete dentures]. PMID- 3914690 TI - [The use of the "Precision Dowel" attachment]. PMID- 3914691 TI - [What can be expected of piezography, in the esthetic rehabilitation of complete edentulousness?]. PMID- 3914692 TI - [Determination of the axis of insertion and the esthetic requirements of removable partial dentures]. PMID- 3914693 TI - [The canine tooth and retention of removable partial dentures]. PMID- 3914694 TI - [Splints and bonded bridges. Clinical cases]. PMID- 3914695 TI - Malaria at Humaita County, Amazonas State, Brazil. XVII--Immune response in patients with Plasmodium falciparum according to gametocytes. PMID- 3914696 TI - [Characterization of P. falciparum strains obtained from relapsed patients]. PMID- 3914697 TI - Treatment of hemophilia. AB - The therapy of hemorrhagic symptoms and the prevention of subsequent chronic disability in patients with hemophilia A and B are based on the appropriate use of specific concentrates of the deficient blood-clotting factors. The proper amount of the factor to infuse is calculated on the basis of the following parameters: patient's weight; type, location and severity of the hemorrhage to be controlled or prevented; biological half-life and yield of the infused factor. The elaboration of the therapeutic regimens to be followed in specific clinical situations is based on the above-mentioned parameters, which are fully discussed in this review. However, in the overall approach to hemophilia care, there are various other aspects, apart from strictly pathophysiological considerations. There are psychological, social and practical aspects which account for a number of specific proposals for therapeutic procedures to be used in certain circumstances (all discussed in the present report) and which should be considered separately. An example of the above is home therapy of hemophilia, which is fundamentally based on the observation that hemarthroses and hematomas account for over 90% of hemorrhagic episodes, with an average frequency of approximately 40 episodes/year/subject. It is therefore clearly understood that only early administration of specific concentrates will effectively prevent chronic joint damage, still the main cause of disability in the life of the hemophiliac. Annual average consumption of concentrates per patient is principally linked to the therapy of this type of hemorrhage and is, in turn, also influenced by the minimum effective dose for treatment of single episodes. Although this problem has not been completely solved, there is sufficient consensus that administration of 250 IU of concentrate (factor VIII or IX) in children and 500 IU in adults is effective, providing that hemarthroses and muscle hemorrhages are of a minor degree and are promptly treated. This approach leads to an average annual individual consumption of approximately 10,000 IU in children and 20,000 IU in adults, only for these episodes. A therapeutic regimen which is being increasingly used consists of treatment of acute synovitis with brief periods of prophylactic administration of concentrates (1-3 months), with the intention of interrupting the hemarthrosis-synovitis vicious circle and to allow for physiotherapy to avoid synovectomy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3914698 TI - Hepatic expression of hepatitis B and delta virus antigens in patients with acute and chronic hepatitis. AB - Delta antigen (delta-Ag), hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) were examined by immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase staining in 106 deparaffinized liver biopsy samples from HBsAg-positive patients with acute and chronic hepatitis. The delta-Ag was present in 15 cases (14%), with nuclear positivity varying greatly in intensity and prevalence. Patients with chronic hepatitis associated with delta infection had a histological picture characterized by foci of intralobular inflammation, many apoptotic bodies and shrunken hepatocytes with no satellite signs of inflammation. The histological pattern of delta antigen-positive acute hepatitis was characterized by the presence of a large number of intralobular apoptotic bodies. The inflammatory reaction mainly involved the portal tracts with piecemeal necrosis, but without collagen production. In the same cases the pattern of expression of HBsAg and HBcAg was unusual: in three cases HBcAg and HBsAg were concomitantly present, whereas in one case none of the hepatitis B virus markers was detectable. PMID- 3914699 TI - Anti-LAV/HTLV-III antibodies in groups of individuals at high risk for infection in Italy. AB - We have studied anti-LAV/HTLV-III antibody prevalence in individuals at high risk for infection, such as intravenous drug addicts, hemophiliacs and homosexual men. Among intravenous drug addicts, LAV/HTLV-III infection was first recognized in 1981 and positive serum reactions for anti-LAV/HTLV-III antibody rose in successive years to 53%. Anti-LAV/HTLV-III antibody prevalence was 13.5% in the group of homosexual men, while in hemophiliacs treated with commercial concentrates it was 37% in 1984 and had increased to 45% in 1985. There was a significant correlation between antibody status and concentrate consumption in these patients. Results of studies of anti-LAV/HTLV-III antibody patterns with the Western blot technique suggest that antibodies against core proteins (mainly p25 and p18) and the envelope protein gp40 are always present in asymptomatic individuals and in patients with the lymphadenopathy syndrome, but usually not in patients with full-blown AIDS. These last patients have typical positive reactions only against the envelope proteins gp110 and gp40. PMID- 3914700 TI - Morphological and functional investigations on macrophages with heterogeneous fluorescent staining. AB - Four heterogeneous colors of fluorescence were demonstrated in macrophages from rabbit lymph nodes and mouse peritoneal exudate using fluorescent staining. They were bright blue, light blue, bluish green and yellow colors of fluorescence respectively. All of these 4 types of macrophages with heterogeneous colors of fluorescence could form EA or EAC rosettes and were able to phagocytose chicken erythrocytes and ink carbon granules. Among them the macrophages with bright blue color of fluorescence could form large EA or EAC rosettes and showed more rapid and stronger activity to phagocytose chicken erythrocytes, while those with bluish green and yellow colors of fluorescence showed stronger activity to phagocytose ink carbon granules. PMID- 3914701 TI - A double-blind comparative study of piroxicam and ibuprofen in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Recommended dosages of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have increased considerably since their introduction. The maximum recommended dosage for ibuprofen, a widely prescribed drug for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, has increased from 400 mg three or four times a day (at the time of its introduction) to 2,400 mg per day at present. Piroxicam at 20 mg per day was compared with ibuprofen at 2,400 mg per day in 20 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Both drugs were found to be effective, with similar side-effect profiles. PMID- 3914702 TI - Double-blind crossover comparison of piroxicam and naproxen in the treatment of active osteoarthritis. AB - Since the initial marketing in the early 1970s of the nonsteroidal anti inflammatory agents of the propionic acid type, there has been a gradual escalation of the dosage recommendation for each of these drugs. In contrast, the dosage recommendation for piroxicam has remained constant. In this 12-week, double-blind crossover study, the standard dose of piroxicam 20 mg/d has been compared with the newly recommended dosage of naproxen 500 mg twice a day in 19 patients with active osteoarthritis. In the piroxicam treatment interval, there was statistically significant improvement in six of nine clinical parameters as compared with five of nine clinical parameters for the naproxen treatment interval. Adverse experiences with both drugs were mild to moderate. Both piroxicam and naproxen resulted in statistically significant improvement in right grip strength, the time to walk 50 feet, daily activity assessment, and in the total joint pain. In addition, piroxicam resulted in statistically significant improvement in both the physician and patient assessment of disease activity. Naproxen treatment was associated with a statistically significant decrease in total joint swelling. PMID- 3914703 TI - The efficacy of piroxicam in comparison with sulindac in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. AB - The efficacy of piroxicam 20 mg/qd was compared with that of sulindac 200 mg twice a day in 49 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Both nonsteroidal anti inflammatory agents showed statistically significant improvement in efficacy variables including duration of morning stiffness, disease activity as judged by the examiner and by the patient, patient assessment of feeling, total joint pain, total joint swelling, and performance of daily activities. The overall frequency of adverse reactions was similar with both treatment regimens, and required discontinuance in three patients in each treatment group. However, the number of moderate/severe adverse reactions in the sulindac-treated patients was greater than that in the piroxicam-treated patients, and there was a trend toward the differences between the two groups being statistically significant (P = .06). Both drugs were effective in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and resulted in comparable improvement in efficacy variables. PMID- 3914704 TI - [Effect of saliva and fluorides on the remineralization of etched enamel]. PMID- 3914705 TI - [Clinical evaluation of the effect of a bonding liner containing an aromatic monocarboxylic acid derivative on the primary teeth]. PMID- 3914706 TI - The link between hyperlipidemia and coronary artery disease. PMID- 3914707 TI - Ranitidine in the acute treatment of duodenal ulcer--a double-blind placebo controlled trial. PMID- 3914708 TI - [Radiology of renal cystic diseases]. PMID- 3914709 TI - [Renal transplant in patients with polycystic kidneys]. PMID- 3914710 TI - [Role of ultrasonographic diagnosis in cystic nephropathies]. PMID- 3914711 TI - [Ultrasonographic study of renal cystic disease]. PMID- 3914712 TI - [Occurrence of extensive intrarenal cystic lesions in a uremic population under periodic hemodialytic treatment]. PMID- 3914713 TI - [Kidney transplant in patients with polycystic nephropathy]. PMID- 3914714 TI - [Renal oncocytoma: a difficult diagnosis]. PMID- 3914715 TI - Environmental physiology. PMID- 3914716 TI - Control and co-ordination of gill ventilation and perfusion. PMID- 3914717 TI - Circulating respiratory pigments in marine animals. PMID- 3914718 TI - Hormones, ionic regulation and kidney function in fishes. AB - Renal osmoregulatory mechanisms in the context of hormones is considered in three types of fish: the Agnatha, the Chondrichthyes and the Osteichthyes. Particular reference is made to endocrine status and hormonal interplay in renal homeostatic mechanisms. Among Agnatha, hagfishes display atypical osmoregulatory characteristics and their endocrine repertoire is poorly understood. Hormonal actions are unclear although the kidney appears to act as a regulator of extracellular fluid volume. Lampreys show many similarities with teleost fish with respect to osmoregulation, but again their endocrine system requires further definition. Chondricthyean fishes have a number of unique hormones, among them 1 alpha-hydroxycorticosterone from the adrenocortical homologue (interrenal gland). Their complex kidneys have not been extensively studied with respect to hormonal regulation, but a key role is certainly the maintenance of high plasma levels of urea and trimethylamine oxide. The importance of the ratio of these two compounds with respect to urea tolerance is discussed. Evidence is presented and discussed that points to 1-alpha-hydroxycorticosterone playing a role in osmoregulation, although its sites and mechanisms of action are not known. The presence of a non hypophysial control of interrenal function (a renin-angiotensin system) is indicated. The largest group of fishes, the Teleostei, are considered with respect to renal mechanisms involved in euryhalinity. Highly selective reference is made to the renin-angiotensin system and arginine vasotocin. In fresh water eels a clear negative feedback relationship exists between angiotensin II and arginine vasotocin, while in seawater-adapted animals the interplay is less clear. It is suggested that the observed increases in both arginine vasotocin and angiotensin II in eels adapted to environments hyperosmotic to their extracellular fluid in some way affects the "setting" of the feedback between the two. The possible interactions with other hormones is considered in outline. PMID- 3914719 TI - Physiological adaptations and the concepts of optimal reproductive strategy and physiological constraint in marine invertebrates. AB - The dominant 'demographic' theory of life history evolution supposes that different lifetime patterns of reproduction are the result of selection of alternative optimal solutions for the allocation of limited resources between somatic and reproductive functions. A number of trade-off possibilities have been recognized--those between current reproductive output and residual reproductive value and between fecundity and initial offspring size being considered especially important. Many theoretical studies assume that natural selection will favour the adoption of optimal solutions, but it has been pointed out that such solutions may not be obtainable due to design constraints and the development of physiological adaptations to specific reproductive traits which limit subsequent evolutionary potential. The validity of this idea is examined in this paper through a review of the major reproductive strategies available to marine invertebrates and the physiological adaptations associated with them. The ecologically important distinction between planktotrophic and lecithotrophic development is not necessarily associated with major physiological adaptations in the adults, but the distinction between strictly semelparous and iteroparous life histories is. This is demonstrated in a survey of the endocrinological and environmental control of reproductive processes in related organisms with contrasting modes or reproduction. Particular reference is made to the Polychaeta, in which the contrast between semelparous and iteroparous life histories is particularly marked. A similar contrast is found between cephalopoda and other mollusca, and the discussion of physiological adaptations is extended to include these groups and the Echinodermata. PMID- 3914720 TI - How to survive in the dark: bioluminescence in the deep sea. AB - Bioluminescent tissues in marine organisms may take the form of point source emitters, internal or external glandular organs or glands containing bacterial symbionts. In many cases additional accessory optical structures have been evolved to increase the efficiency of emission, to restrict the angular direction, to focus or collimate the light, to alter its spectral distribution or to guide it from the source to a distant point of emission. This variety of structure is matched by a variety of locations of luminous tissues and organs over the body of different animals. The time course, intensity and spectral nature of bioluminescence are equally variable. Information can be encoded in the spatial pattern, time course and spectral characteristics of bioluminescent signals and the recognition of this information depends upon the visual abilities of the target organism. The known characteristics of the bioluminescence of certain marine organisms are compared with those that would be predicted for different functional interpretations. It is probable that each type of bioluminescent signal in deep-sea organisms is but one factor in the suite of activities which make up a particular behavioural pattern. PMID- 3914721 TI - Metabolic adaptations of intertidal invertebrates to environmental hypoxia (a comparison of environmental anoxia to exercise anoxia). AB - By comparing environmental anaerobiosis with exercise anaerobiosis it appears that animals with high anoxia tolerance use (partly) different types of metabolic reactions to sustain energy metabolism, whereas low tolerance animals (Arthropoda, Echinodermata, Vertebrata) use the same pathway under both conditions. During exercise anaerobiosis the classical glycolysis (lactate pathway) is a main pathway among all multicellular organisms, although in marine invertebrates--except the Arthropoda and Echinodermata--it mostly does not terminate in lactate. During environmental anaerobiosis Cnidaria, Mollusca, Annelida and Sipunculida first couple additional pathways for energy extraction to the glycolytic pathway (the aspartate--succinate pathway) and later deviate the main carbon flow of glycogen at the level of phosphoenolpyruvate towards succinate, propionate and acetate production. Metabolic adaptations to anoxic cellular conditions in these groups are high fuel stores, increased ATP yield by anaerobic sources, formation of easily excretable (volatile) end products, an aspartate-dependent system for transport of hydrogen through the inner membrane of the mitochondrion and a rapid recovery from anaerobic metabolism. During anaerobic conditions three sources can contribute to the anaerobic power output, endogenous stores of both ATP and phosphagen and catabolism. Anaerobic power output rates have been calculated for a number of Mollusca, Annelida and Crustacea. Extreme anoxia resistance is coupled to a strongly reduced metabolic rate. In animals with high aspartate stores, the aspartate--succinate pathway and phosphagen hydrolysis can provide sufficient ATP during environmental anaerobiosis; however, with exercise anaerobiosis when ATP turnover rates may be increased by a factor of 20, pyruvate derivatives simultaneously accumulate in high amounts relative to succinate. PMID- 3914722 TI - Aspects of photoreception in aquatic environments. AB - Photoreceptors are found in several different parts of the body in addition to the eyes, and as in the eyes, rhodopsin may be one of the photopigments responsible. Visual photoreceptors are photon counters, but at low light levels it is uncertain exactly when and where a photon will arrive. Thus a basic problem of vision is statistical and the maximum number of photons must be sampled to get statistically reliable information about visual contrasts, detail and movement. Sample size can be increased by extending the retinal integration time or the integration area, but this carries the cost of reduced ability to see detail and to resolve moving images. For scotopic vision the spectral absorption of visual pigment may be arranged to maximize sensitivity without greatly increasing physiological noise which reduces the perception of contrast. Photopic vision is usually mediated by from two to four cone types containing different visual pigments which allow the possibility of colour vision. Natural waters differ greatly in colour, and influence both the photopic visual pigments possessed by fishes and their coloration. PMID- 3914723 TI - Chemoreception in the sea: adaptations of chemoreceptors and behaviour to aquatic stimulus conditions. AB - The chemical stimulus environment is pulsed in nature. Mixtures can identify an odour source with great specificity, and (hence) most chemical signals are mixtures, even when initial research may seem to indicate that single compounds are sufficient to release complete behaviour. Information currents are often necessary to receive chemical stimuli. Receptor cell physiology reflects the microenvironment in which the receptor organ operates. Receptor cells interface with the stimulus environment in such a way as to enhance signal-to-noise ratios and to cover the naturally occurring dynamic stimulus range. Different chemoreceptor organs are designed to perform a number of different behavioural tasks. This is equally true for aquatic species that sample one (aqueous) medium as for terrestrial species that sample air and aqueous media. Hence, most of these principles are not unique to aquatic chemoreception. PMID- 3914724 TI - The mechanical senses of aquatic organisms. PMID- 3914725 TI - Feeding currents in calanoid copepods: two new hypotheses. AB - The interaction between planktonic herbivorous calanoid copepods and their food, planktonic algae, is investigated to increase our understanding of the physiological adaptations these small marine animals have acquired in the course of evolution. Emphasis is given to the centimetre -second scale where calanoids encounter algae, select and capture them, or reject them either passively or actively. Most calanoid copepods create feeding currents which can be subdivided into three cores: motion, viscous, and sensory cores. Algae contained in the sensory core are perceived and then re-routed towards the capture area. The perimeter encompassing all the points of these re-routings can be defined as the reactive field of awareness surrounding the calanoid. An analysis of typical biological oceanographic feeding experiments reveals that direct observations are necessary to understand the feeding behaviours and strategies of calanoid copepods. To facilitate further studies, a new experimental set-up has been described and two hypotheses have been formulated. The method allows direct observations, in all three dimensions, of free-swimming herbivorous calanoids and their food in a 6-litre vessel. The two hypotheses are based on the fact that calanoids create feeding currents and orient their bodies within the water column. The first hypothesis states that calanoid copepods create species specific, and maybe even age-specific, feeding currents. The second one proposes that ambient water motions may act as a mechanism for niche separation in herbivorous calanoid copepods. This latter hypothesis is based on the inference that ambient water motions may interfere with the flow field of the feeding current thereby making it more difficult for calanoids to successfully re-route algae contained in the sensory core of the feeding current. PMID- 3914726 TI - Swimming activity in marine fish. AB - Marine fish are capable of swimming long distances in annual migrations; they are also capable of high-speed dashes of short duration, and they can occupy small home territories for long periods with little activity. There is a large effect of fish size on the distance fish migrate at slow swimming speeds. When chased by a fishing trawl the effect of fish size on swimming performance can decide their fate. The identity and thickness of muscle used at each speed and evidence for the timing of myotomes used during the body movement cycle can be detected using electromyogram (EMG) electrodes. The cross-sectional area of muscle needed to maintain different swimming speeds can be predicted by relating the swimming drag force to the muscle force. At maximum swimming speed one completed cycle of swimming force is derived in sequence from the whole cross-sectional area of the muscles along the two sides of the fish. This and other aspects of the swimming cycle suggest that each myotome might be responsible for generating forces involved in particular stages of the tail sweep. The thick myotomes at the head end shorten during the peak thrust of the tail blade whereas the thinner myotomes nearer the tail generate stiffness appropriate for transmission of these forces and reposition the tail for the next cycle. PMID- 3914728 TI - [Bonding of resin cements to metals]. PMID- 3914727 TI - Tidally rhythmic behaviour of marine animals. AB - The best general hypothesis for the control of 'spontaneous' tidal and daily patterns of behaviour in coastal animals postulates an endogenous physiological pacemaker system which generates approximate periodicity, together with environmental adjustment of the clock(s) to local time. Free-running endogenous rhythms of circatidal, circadian, circasemilunar and circalunar periodicity have been demonstrated in a number of species in constant laboratory conditions, in some cases clarifying hitherto poorly understood aspects of the behavioural repertoire of animals in the sea. Entrainment of circatidal rhythmicity has been demonstrated using cycles of simulated tidal variables such as temperature, hydrostatic pressure, salinity and wave action. The crab Carcinus shows increased locomotor activity after changes of salinity (halokinesis); responses to 34% salinity entrain the endogenous clock, but responses to salinities above or below 34% are purely exogenous and do not persist in constant conditions after entrainment. Phase responsiveness of circatidal rhythms to pulses of tidal variables has been demonstrated in several species; phase response curves show marked differences from those of circadian rhythms. The endogenous basis of tidal and diel behaviour in marine molluscs and crustaceans involves matching spontaneous rhythms of neuroelectrical activity. Also, in decapod crustaceans a peptidic neurodepressing hormone (NDH) modulates neuroelectrical and behavioural rhythmicity. NDH is produced rhythmically in the eyestalk neurosecretory complex, perhaps partly under the control of other clock components elsewhere in the CNS. The physiological basis of circasemilunar, lunar (and annual) rhythms of behaviour has not been studied, but studies of synchronization of these rhythms have been undertaken. In some localities it has been shown experimentally that light intensities equivalent to moonlight are sufficient to entrain such rhythms. In other localities where moonlight is a less reliable cue the relative timing of tidal and daily variables has been shown to be important. So far there is no evidence that synchronization is achieved by absolute differences between tidal variables at neap and spring tides. PMID- 3914729 TI - [Aspiration of food in denture wearers]. PMID- 3914730 TI - [Heavy metal framework for a mandibular denture]. PMID- 3914731 TI - [Oral nerve disorders. A literature review]. PMID- 3914733 TI - [Reconstructions by raising the bite]. PMID- 3914732 TI - [Bridges anchored to bone using the Branemark method]. PMID- 3914734 TI - [Problems in color measurement and color reproduction in dental ceramics]. PMID- 3914735 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of Mycoplasma bovis mastitis (MbM) in dairy cows]. AB - The diagnosis of Mycoplasma bovis mastitis (MbM) usually comes too late. Consequently the capital early symptoms are described for a probable diagnosis in order to enable prophylactic measures and to prevent ineffective expensive treatments and loss of time. Following a definite diagnosis of MbM by culture, a repeated application of the CMT milk test combined with bacteriological culture detects infected cows and they should be culled. All cows of exceptional breeding value can be treated by repeated intramammary infusions of specific antimycoplasma antibiotics with a fair chance of healing, by preference during the dryudder period. PMID- 3914736 TI - Treatment of aplastic anemia. PMID- 3914737 TI - Cyclosporin-A in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for leukemia: Basle experience 1979 to 1984. AB - Since July 1979 all patients transplanted in Basle have been treated with Cyclosporin-A (CyA) as prophylaxis against Graft-versus-Host-Disease (GvHD). Currently CyA is given as a continuous infusion for 3-4 weeks, followed by an oral once-daily-therapy for one year. The daily dose is adjusted depending on the serum creatinine. Patients with acute GvHD during CyA therapy are treated with high dose bolus-steroid therapy. 83 patients with leukemia were treated in these 5 years. All were conditioned with 2 X 60 mg/kg Cyclophosphamide and 10 Gy total body irradiation. 78 had an HLA-identical, 5 an HLA-haploidentical family donor. The median age is 28 years (5-42 y). 20 patients had AML in 1. CR, 9 patients AML not in 1. CR (2nd, 3rd CR or relapse), 11 ALL in 1. CR, 19 not in 1. CR, 20 CML in chronic and 4 CML in accelerated phase. 40 patients are actually alive, well and without any signs of their disease; 9 are living in relapse. Major cause of death is relapse and GvHD. CyA does not reduce the incidence, it does reduce the severity of GvHD. The only long-term side-effects of bone marrow transplantation seen are cataracts and sterility. The major factors influencing outcome is the time of transplant. 31/51 patients transplanted in 1. CR or in chronic phase of CML are alive compared to only 9/32 transplanted in later stages. We conclude that bone marrow transplantation should be performed early in the disease and that CyA eases the procedure. PMID- 3914738 TI - Prevention of graft versus host disease following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. PMID- 3914739 TI - Present status of bone marrow transplantation in Japan. AB - One hundred and seventy three bone marrow transplantations (BMT) including 133 allogeneic, 17 syngeneic and 23 autologous BMT were recorded in Japan during the period between September, 1975 and March, 1984. The number of cases of BMT increased rapidly over the years, i.e., 16 cases in 1980, 27 in 1981, 39 in 1982 and 57 in 1983. All cases were treated in clean rooms, many of them receiving intensive gut decontamination containing vancomycin. In 110 cases with acute leukemia, the main causes of death were interstitial pneumonitis, relapse of leukemia, infection and GvHD. Favorable factors determined from 180-day survival were remission, no infection, low dose rate and fractionated total body irradiation (TBI), ABO minor mismatch and positive graft versus host reaction. Long-term survival of patients who received BMT during remission and were without infection amounted to 70% of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) and 40% of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) patients. Cyclosporin A (Cy-A) administered in 21 cases was compared with methotrexate (MTX) given in 20 cases. A statistically significant decrease of stomatitis was observed, while no difference in GvHD or survival was seen. There were seven cases giving a more than good response out of 11 cases treated with cyclosporin because methotrexate or immuran was ineffective or could not be administered due to toxicity. Such data suggest that allogeneic BMT is acceptable as a very promising form of treatment for acute leukemia in Japan. PMID- 3914740 TI - Objective monitoring of graft-versus-host disease: alpha 1-antichymotrypsin concentration changes after bone marrow transplantation in patients developing graft-versus-host reactions. AB - The levels of alpha 1-antichymotrypsin (ACT) was monitored in patients who underwent bone marrow transplantation. Seven received HLA-identical sibling bone marrow grafts, two received transplants from twins and one was given HLA nonidentical marrow from his father. A dramatic increase of ACT was observed in all patients who developed graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). ACT did not rise at all in the case of patients who received marrow from twins, even in a patient who was given three transplants from the same donor. The patient transplanted from his father died from GvHD and the increase of ACT was the greatest fluctuation measured. PMID- 3914741 TI - Gastrointestinal decontamination in the compromised host and its clinical significance. AB - The result documenting the disappearance of obligate anaerobic bacteria as the predominant intestinal organisms with the onset of septicemia from S. marcescens calls for exploration into the clinical significance of anaerobic bacteria in the intestine in relationships between gut flora and host. The finding that no significant difference could be seen between the rates of septicemia under protective isolation and in uncontrolled environments is indicative of the fact that the disease most likely originated as an infection of endogenous nature. In the five cases of leukemia in children with bone marrow transplantation cited in this presentation, not one case of bacterial or fungal infection was recorded. The establishment of endogenous infections surrounding the results presented herein is discussed in terms of the biological phenomena of the interaction between intestinal flora and host, and between the intestinal bacterial flora. PMID- 3914742 TI - Problems and results of selective decontamination in leukemia patients. AB - Infectious complications play a major part during the cytostatic treatment of patients suffering from acute leukemia, as well as in bone marrow transplantations. For infection prevention, the method of selective decontamination (SD) of the digestive tract was used. This procedure eliminates the potentially pathogenic aerobic bacteria and yeasts while leaving the anaerobic intestinal microflora unaffected. The protocol of the Gnotobiotic Project Group was used in treating 33 patients with SD and the results were compared with those from a comparable control group consisting of cases selected from files who had been treated without SD in the past. A statistical difference was obtained in favor of the SD patients regarding frequency and severity of infection, time between admission and the first signs of infection, days febrile, and in the additional necessity of antibiotics (p less than 0.01). SD involves in addition to a scheduled intake of tablets, microbiological surveillance, personal hygiene and an intact hemostasis, and optimal results can be obtained given the help of the patients' compliance. SD has won a secured place in treatment tailored upon the pathophysiological concept of infection prevention, even though there are problems remaining, e.g., gram-positive cocci, yeasts and infection of the oropharynx. PMID- 3914744 TI - Fetal liver transplantation in man. PMID- 3914743 TI - Use of donors sharing one genetic haplotype for bone marrow transplantation. AB - Matched sibling transplants enjoy over 95% survival of the grafting procedure, but are only available for 1:5 patients. A sibling sharing one genetic haplotype is today our next choice of donor (67% survival) faring better than other relatives (50% survival), providing total body irradiation (of the thymus) has been avoided. The latter, without increasing the attack rate (64%) of GvHD more than doubles the deaths (57% as against 27%) attributable to it. Rejection is avoided by (a) suicide of host responders to donor buffy coat; (b) Cyclosporin-A; (c) displacement induction; (d) a higher dose of marrow. Prevention of GvHD is essential, using either Cyclosporin-A or removing donor T-cells from marrow prior to infusion or, probably better, both. Autoblast immunisation should be further explored. Tolerization seems an active process, easier in the very young, and nonirradiation of the thymus is believed important. An assay to assess tolerization (to guide cessation of immunosuppressive measures) is badly needed. Selection of a donor whose lymphocytes can deal with intracellular infections of the host's fibroblasts is now possible. The required increased immunosuppressive measures appear to increase the risk of leukemic relapse, and perhaps should be first improved in the more cost-effective fields of inborn error transplants. PMID- 3914745 TI - Experimental study of fetal liver transplantation. AB - Fetal liver cells function as liver and bone marrow cells. The direct and indirect effects of fetal liver cell transplants on liver and/or bone marrow failure was investigated in rat experiments. Outbred Wistar, inbred Lewis and F344 fetus rats (18-20 days) were used as donors; Wistar and Lewis rats (210 280g) were used as recipients. D-galactosamine (1.0-1.85g/kg) was administered intraperitoneally inducing acute liver failure. TBI, Co60 1000 Rads, was given inducing bone marrow failure. Donor liver cells were prepared using the following four methods: 1) simple liver homogenation; 2) centrifugation by percol gradient into different fractions; 3) arginine deficient culture; and 4) pronase culture. Preliminary observations of the transplant effect of fetal liver cells on liver and/or bone marrow failure is described. PMID- 3914746 TI - Reconstitution of cell-mediated immunity in severe combined immunodeficiency following fetal liver transplantation. AB - A male infant X-linked, adenosine deaminase-positive severe combined immunodeficiency underwent partial immunological reconstitution by fetal liver transplantation at twenty months of age. Reconstitution of T lymphocytes was observed from sixteen weeks after transplantation, in the increase of T lymphocytes, positive delayed-type skin reaction and in vitro responsiveness to mitogens and allogeneic cells, sequentially. Chimerism was defined by chromosomal analysis and HLA typing, in which one haplotype seemed to be shared between the donor and the host by chance. However, defective immunoglobulin production has not yet been corrected. The assay on T-B lymphocyte interaction in vitro suggested that the failure might be attributed to an intrinsic defect of B lymphocytes, which were cells of donor origin after transplantation. Three years following transplantation, the patient is free of severe infections, although he requires regular injections of gamma globulin. PMID- 3914747 TI - Marrow transplantation: the Seattle experience. AB - Marrow transplantation is effective treatment for a number of hematological diseases in patients under the age of 50 who have an HLA-identical sibling donor. It is successful in the treatment of aplastic anemia with 70-85% long-term survival. It offers 10-30% apparent cures for patients with acute leukemia who have relapsed at least once, and for those with chronic myelocytic leukemia in blast crisis. Although still somewhat controversial, it appears to be the treatment of choice for patients with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia in first chemotherapy induced remission, and for those with chronic myelogenous leukemia in the chronic phase since approximately 50-60% of these patients experience long term, disease-free survival. Patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia grafted in second or subsequent remission may expect a 30% "cure" of their disease. Marrow grafting is the only effective treatment for many patients with inherited immunologic deficiencies and certain genetic storage diseases. Cures of congenital Fanconi's anemia, Blackfan-Diamond anemia, osteopetrosis, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria and thalassemia major have been achieved. Marrow transplantation is being explored for the therapy of patients with lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease, preleukemia, multiple myeloma, hairy cell leukemia, small cell lung cancer, testicular cancer, ovarian cancer and neuroblastoma. Marrow transplantation has been limited by the fact that many patients do not have HLA identical siblings and very few have monozygotic twins. More recently, marrow transplants from HLA-nonidentical family members and even from unrelated donors have been successfully explored.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3914748 TI - Transplantation of HLA-mismatched marrow depleted of T-cells by lectin agglutination and E-rosette depletion. PMID- 3914749 TI - [Periodontal health and the crown facial edge position]. PMID- 3914750 TI - Recent advances in the pathology of oral cancer (1982-84). PMID- 3914752 TI - The Dental Research Institute at Wits 1954-1985. PMID- 3914751 TI - Prosthetic dentistry--selected topics from the recent literature. PMID- 3914753 TI - Dental research in the Department of General Physiology: 1978-1985. PMID- 3914754 TI - Internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint: a review of current concepts. PMID- 3914755 TI - Chimaeras, carbon fibres and Khoisan: research in the basic anatomical sciences, 1970-1985. PMID- 3914756 TI - Segaloff memorial issue. PMID- 3914757 TI - Al Segaloff: recollections from England. PMID- 3914758 TI - Acidic metabolites. VI. 20 alpha-isosteroids as intermediates in 20 alpha dihydrosteroid formation. AB - We have previously shown that human subjects metabolize the 20 beta-epimer of isocortisol (11 beta, 17,20 beta-trihydroxy-3-oxo-pregn-4-en-21-al) to both 20 alpha- and 20 beta-hydroxy steroid end products. In this paper we describe the synthesis of tritium labeled 20 alpha-epimers of isocortisol and isoTHF (3 alpha, 11 beta, 17,20 alpha-tetrahydroxy-5 beta-pregnan-21-al) and their metabolic fate in humans. Both steroids yielded 20 alpha-hydroxy urinary neutral end-products (cortols and cortolones) and no 20 beta-hydroxy epimers. Regeneration of 17 ketols from aldols occurred to a small extent with isoTHF, but not with isocortisol. Isocortisol and isoTHF yielded less cortoic acids than did the corresponding ketols. The results provide further evidence that in man the stereochemistry at C-20 of the end-products of corticosteroid metabolism is determined by the configuration of the aldol at C-20 prior to subsequent metabolic events. PMID- 3914759 TI - [Perioprosthetics in everyday practice]. PMID- 3914760 TI - [The human body during the aging process and oral rehabilitation]. PMID- 3914761 TI - [Can the present-day physician be surpassed?]. PMID- 3914762 TI - Third international workshop on the role of aspiration cytology in transplantation. March 4-6, 1986, Mayrhofen, Tyrol, Austria. PMID- 3914763 TI - Percutaneous nephrostomy in renal transplant patients. PMID- 3914764 TI - Management of transplant ureteropelvic junction obstruction by dismembered pyeloplasty. PMID- 3914765 TI - [Outer surface dimensional accuracy of cast crowns]. PMID- 3914766 TI - [The effect of dowel preparation on apical seal]. PMID- 3914767 TI - [Statistical observation of prosthesis (2)]. PMID- 3914768 TI - Reference list of biomedical and clinical publications, Uppsala 1984. PMID- 3914769 TI - Specular reflector noise: effect and correction for in vivo attenuation estimation. AB - After reviewing the usual models proposed for the echographic response of soft tissues, we discuss the interaction between the ultrasonic wave and large size obstacles. Structures of this size, specular reflectors, can be found in tissues. The influence of such reflectors on in vivo attenuation measurements is detailed. We point out the importance of the specular echo noise originating from two kinds of reflectors: plane-like and vessel-like reflectors. We present a complete study of their influence on two different algorithms for attenuation estimates: the spectral centroid shift and the narrow band methods. Results are presented on stimulated data, a tissue-mimicking phantom and in vivo muscle data. Different procedures for minimizing the specular echo noise are also discussed. PMID- 3914770 TI - Quantitative assessment of in vivo backscatter enhancement from gelatin microspheres. AB - Experimental work using a quantitative C-scan technique to measure in situ enhancement of hepatic backscatter resulting from the administration of gelatin microspheres to dogs is reported. We have found that reproducible enhancement of hepatic backscatter on the order of 2 dB followed the peripheral administration of gelatin within minutes, the magnitude of the effect was not sensitive to the rate of infusion, but was likely to be dose dependent, changes in the overlying tissue attenuation had a pronounced effect on the measurement, and the effect was sustained for up to one half hour or longer. PMID- 3914771 TI - Reflection mode diffraction tomography. AB - A reconstruction algorithm is presented which possesses a simple scanning geometry and promises higher resolution than conventional transmission mode diffraction tomography algorithms. This broad-band reflection mode algorithm inherently lacks a certain amount of low frequency information but an estimate of the information is recovered by spectral extrapolation. The resolution of the algorithm will be shown to be limited by the bandwidth and physical size of the single plane wave transducer, as well as the Born approximation. PMID- 3914772 TI - Modelling and restoration of ultrasonic phased-array B-scan images. AB - A model is presented for the radio-frequency image produced by a B-scan (pulse echo) ultrasound imaging system using a phased-array transducer. This type of scanner is widely used for real-time heart imaging. The model allows for dynamic focusing as well as an acoustic lens focusing the beam in the elevation plane. A result of the model is an expression to compute the space-variant point spread function (PSF) of the system. This is made possible by the use of a combination of Fresnel and Fraunhoffer approximations which are valid in the range of interest for practical applications. The PSF is used to design restoration filters in order to improve image resolution. The filters are then applied to experimental images of wires. PMID- 3914773 TI - [Structural aspect of the respiratory syncytial virus genome]. PMID- 3914774 TI - [Compensatory mechanisms in controlled hemodilution]. PMID- 3914775 TI - [Ultrasonographic diagnosis of cancer of the gallbladder]. PMID- 3914776 TI - [Usefulness of ultrasonic examination in the diagnosis of the cause of cholestasis in a case of coexistence of gallbladder cancer and cholelithiasis]. PMID- 3914777 TI - [The first successful transplantation of the kidney--already a part of the history of medicine]. PMID- 3914778 TI - [Traditions and prospects of development of general parasitology]. PMID- 3914779 TI - [Review of the achievements of Polish general parasitology 1980-1983]. PMID- 3914780 TI - [Konstanty Janicki (1876-1932)]. PMID- 3914781 TI - [Current impact of the protozoological discoveries of Konstanty Janicki]. PMID- 3914782 TI - [Janicki's cercomer theory and the current views on the evolution and phylogeny of Platyhelminths]. PMID- 3914783 TI - [Geriatrics]. PMID- 3914784 TI - [Base-metal (non-precious) alloy Dentitan--clinical experiences and technical possibilities]. PMID- 3914785 TI - [Film thickness of synthetic cementation materials]. PMID- 3914786 TI - [ZWR practice test. Micro-Mega Endo MM 3000 Sonic Air]. PMID- 3914787 TI - [Planning removable dentures]. PMID- 3914788 TI - [90 years of dental radiography--history of a diagnostic method]. PMID- 3914789 TI - [Long term maintenance of abutments of partial dentures using SR-ORTHOSIT resin teeth]. PMID- 3914790 TI - [Unusual abdominal apudomas. II. Immunohistochemical detection of glucagon in a primary apudoma of the liver]. AB - An autopsy confirmed, primary malignant APUDoma of the liver is described. Immunohistochemical methods demonstrated the presence of glucagon in some 20% of tumor cells. Clinically the 66 year old patient had presented with an abortive form of the glucagonoma syndrome with diabetes mellitus, anemia and profound weight loss. PMID- 3914791 TI - Comparison of a coagglutination test with the GM1-ELISA and the Y-1 adrenal cell assay for the detection of heat-labile enterotoxin from Escherichia coli. AB - A number of different assay methods has been developed for the detection of the heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) of ETEC strains isolated from humans and animals. In the present study 40 Escherichia coli strains were subject of a comparative study of the staphylococcal coagglutination (Coa-LT) test, the GM1-ELISA and the Y-1 adrenal cell test. All but two of 20 "LT-ST" or "LT-only" producing ETEC strains gave identical results in both the Coa-LT test and the bioassay. None of the 14 "ST only" producing ETEC strains gave false positive results. It is concluded that the Coa-LT test is a simple and rapid assay method for the routine diagnosis of LT producing ETEC strains. PMID- 3914792 TI - Proteins from Salmonella R-mutants mediating protection against Salmonella typhimurium infection in mice. III. Separation and purification of soluble proteins and their use as vaccines and as precipitating antigens. AB - Urea extracts of Salmonella-S-form and R-mutant bacteria were separated into water-soluble and water-insoluble fractions and analysed with respect to their chemical composition. The main portion of proteins which at the same time represented the majority of the different polypeptides, was found in the water soluble fraction. This fraction, in the case of R-mutants, exhibited a considerably lower contamination with LPS and phospholipid than the total urea extract. This facilitated the further purification of proteins which could thus be carried out in urea-free buffer systems. In mice infected with S. typhimurium, the water soluble fraction afforded protection to the same extent as the total urea extract. The purified soluble proteins of Salmonella-R-mutants exhibited protective activity to injection with S. typhimurium and S. heidelberg comparable to that seen with the soluble extract. A species overlapping character of the protection became evident. In the Ouchterlony gel precipitation test, using the water soluble fraction and purified proteins as antigens, antibodies could be detected in rabbit immune sera and in sera of patients with Salmonella infections. PMID- 3914793 TI - Identification and partial characterization of two proteinases from the cell envelope of Candida albicans blastospores. AB - As we have communicated previously, the fungal opportunist Candida albicans produces an angiotensin-1 liberating proteinase and a serine proteinase that acts as a converter of the coagulation factor X in vitro (25). Both enzymes are attached to delipidated cell fragments of fungal blastospores. They copurify upon ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration. The enzymes could be separated by hydrophobic chromatography on Phenylsepharose. According to their substrate and inhibition pattern, the enzymes have been classified as an aspartyl proteinase and a chymotrypsin-like proteinase. Their partial characterization includes estimates of the molecular weight and isoelectric points. PMID- 3914794 TI - Candida albicans proteinase as a virulence factor in the pathogenesis of Candida infections. PMID- 3914795 TI - [Experimental ocular cryptococcosis under the influence of time-limited kidney failure--a pathohistological study]. AB - This animal experiment is characterized by a missing virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans strain A94 (isolated from bird manure) for the immunocompetent mouse after intraperitoneal injection and following hematogenous dissemination into all organs including the central nervous system (CNS) and by the induction of a renal failure of short duration by intramuscular injection of glycerine. In 50% of the group of 80 animals damaged in such a way ocular cryptococcosis was found in association with the selective involvement of the CNS. The involvement of the eyes was dependent on a time-limited interval between the date of infection and the date of induction of the renal failure. The partly extensive pathohistological findings in the eye, with a predominance of mycotic processes in the retina and with some cases of endophthalmitis, were found to be similar to those described in man. The animal experiment described is proposed as a model for experimental studies to resolve problems of the immunology and therapy of the ocular cryptococcosis which are of current interest. PMID- 3914796 TI - A Cryptococcus neoformans strain from the brain of a wildlife fox (Vulpes vulpes) suspected of rabies: mycological observations and comments. AB - A Cryptococcus neoformans strain which in 1983 caused an infection of the central nervous system (CNS) in a wildlife fox with rabies-like symptoms was tested for its strain-specific brown colour effect (BCE) on Guizotia abyssinica creatinine agar and for its ability to assimilate creatinine. Both reactions were found to be positive. These results were found to be largely identical with those of 2 out of 3 strains having caused fatal cryptococcosis in 1970, 1979 and 1983 in persons living in the area where the fox had been found (radius 40-100 km). Some theoretical aspects of the epidemiology and pathogenesis of cryptococcosis in the wildlife fox and rodents are discussed. For further epidemiological investigations into the prevalence of Cr. neoformans in man and animals in this area, the two reactions for detecting and typing, i.e. the BCE on Guizotia abyssinica creatinine agar and the creatinine assimilation are proposed. PMID- 3914797 TI - Festschrift for Hugh Zachariae. PMID- 3914798 TI - Hugh Zachariae, M.D. PMID- 3914799 TI - Ultrasonic A- and B-scanning in clinical and experimental dermatology. PMID- 3914800 TI - Nordisk symposium. Diabetes and diabetes treatment IV. PMID- 3914801 TI - Platelet function and thrombus in diabetes. AB - Patients with diabetes mellitus are several fold more prone to various forms of vascular diseases than are the non-diabetic subjects. Because platelets are in the key position in thrombus formation and possibly in atherogenesis, much interest has focused on the role of platelets in the development of diabetic vascular disease. Most studies on this topic have suggested increased adhesiveness and aggregability of the platelets from diabetic patients. The increased production of von Willebrand factor may account for the enhanced adhesion. The shift of the balance between proaggregatory thromboxane A2 and antiaggregatory prostacyclin to the dominance of thromboxane A2 could explain the increased aggregability of diabetic platelets, but the data available at the moment do not allow the conclusion that such a change really exist in human in vivo. One recent work has suggested that the increased glycosylation of connective tissue proteins in diabetes would increase their aggregating potency, but also this finding needs further confirmation. PMID- 3914802 TI - Association between DNA-sequences flanking the insulin-gene and atherosclerosis. PMID- 3914803 TI - Pharmacokinetics of subcutaneously administrated insulin and its clinical implications. PMID- 3914804 TI - Comparison of insulin regimens in the therapy of type 1 diabetes. AB - The major problems with one or two daily subcutaneous injections of fast and intermediate acting insulins are morning hyperglycaemia and nocturnal hypoglycaemia. These problems can be avoided to a great extent by giving a third injection at bedtime. However, the kinetics of plasma free insulin during these insulin regimens is unphysiological and appropriate meal related plasma insulin peaks cannot be achieved. The new intensified methods of insulin delivery, multiple daily injections (MDI) and continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) are more physiological. Consequently, a near normal glycaemic control can be achieved with these regimens; more often with CSII than with MDI. The risk of complications of CSII is on the other hand slightly greater. The importance and need of intensified insulin therapy in the treatment of insulin dependent diabetes is not yet fully settled. At the present it is not a primary form of treatment and indicated only if the conservative insulin regimens fail. PMID- 3914805 TI - The influence of strict control on diabetic complications. AB - We studied 45 IDDM without c-peptide response, duration 7-22 years, without proliferative retinopathy. After 2 months run-in period, they were randomly assigned to: (P) 15 received CSII: (C) 15 received multiple s.c. injections via butterfly 5-6x daily;: (M) 15 received twice daily mixed rapid and long acting insulin. All groups improved blood glucose control in the run-in period (p less than 0.0001). After change of treatment (P) and (M) improved further (p less than 0.01) but (C) was unchanged. GFR was supranormal and decreased in (P) and (M). No regression of retinopathy was shown in any group. One in (P) had transient florid pre-proliferative retinopathy which regressed spontaneously without laser treatment. We conclude that retinal response to strict control is complex. A transient deterioration may been seen. PMID- 3914806 TI - Role of human insulin in the treatment of diabetes. PMID- 3914807 TI - Beta-cell function and diabetic control in insulin dependent diabetes melletus. AB - Beta-cell function, as evaluated from plasma C-peptide measurements, is found in all insulin dependent diabetic patients the first months of disease and in about 15% of patients with more than 15 years of treatment. The beta-cells are capable of modulating their secretory activity in response to changes in blood glucose. Even a minimal residual insulin secretion is of metabolic significance. PMID- 3914808 TI - Role of plasma C-peptide determination in the management of type II diabetes. AB - The classification of diabetes may be sometimes difficult, particularly in persons with non-ketotic diabetes becoming manifest in middle age. The plasma C peptide concentration, determined either in the fasting state or, preferably, after stimulation with iv. glucagon, gives a reliable estimate of the endogenous insulin secretion capacity of the individual. The C-peptide determination has improved the facilities for classification of diabetes and for appropriate choice of therapy. Patients showing stimulated plasma C-peptide values less than 0.6 nmol/l are definitely insulin-dependent, whereas values above the limit indicate that the patients can probably be managed without exogenous insulin (non-insulin dependent diabetes). The C-peptide determination alone does not definitely indicate the therapy of choice. Conventional indicators of energy balance and glucose control together with regular follow-up of patients are still essential, particularly in the management of patients showing relatively low plasma C peptide levels (between 0.6 and 1.1 nmol/l.). The stimulated plasma C-peptide concentration should be determined always before stopping insulin therapy in any diabetic patient or before instituting insulin therapy in a nonketotic patient. In addition, plasma C-peptide determinations will certainly prove valuable in the classification of adult onset diabetic patients for the purposes of epidemiologic studies. PMID- 3914809 TI - Strategy for self-monitoring of diabetic control. AB - Treatment of diabetes must aim at normal metabolism. Sporadic measurements of any known parameter is not a sufficient guarantee but continous regular self monitoring is necessary. At least in insulin dependent diabetes it seems reasonable that we should monitor the free insulin levels, but that still belongs to the future. As blood glucose gives us a good reflection of the hormonal and metabolic balance, this is a relevant parameter to follow. Glycosylated proteins, mainly hemoglobin, give only retrospective information of moderate value for the practical management of the disease. Furthermore, one should be aware of the different weak points of glycosylated hemoglobin which does not tell the only, total truth about glucose balance. Self-monitoring of blood glucose is a very valuable tool, especially when used in a systematic way. To get information covering the whole day every day tests for glucosuria have still a place, especially among children and young adults with rather short duration of diabetes. With a sensible approach it is possible to get good compliance among most patients. A combination of blood and urine glucose selfcontrol creates opportunities for a good metabolism in diabetes. PMID- 3914810 TI - [Four-dimensional classification of the rat anterior pituitary cells]. PMID- 3914811 TI - Magnesium and zinc in diabetic pregnancy. AB - The concentrations of zinc and magnesium in serum were investigated in 23 non pregnant and 14 pregnant women with insulin-dependent diabetes (IDDM) and 20 with gestational diabetes, and in cord blood from newborns of the latter two groups. These groups were compared with healthy women, non-pregnant as well as parturient, and newborns of the latter. In the non-pregnant state the mean serum concentrations of zinc and magnesium were lower in IDDM patients than in healthy control women. Although a decrease in S-Zn and S-Mg was observed during pregnancy in both IDDM and control subjects, the difference between carefully insulin treated IDDM patients and controls was no longer apparent at term of pregnancy as regards S-Zn, whereas S-Mg was lower at term both in IDDM patients and in insulin treated women with gestational diabetes. Besides the probable importance of a nearly normalized glucose metabolism in IDDM patients during pregnancy, it is postulated that the altered pattern of plasma proteins in diabetes and pregnancy, and possibly also exogenous insulin may influence the serum concentrations of zinc and magnesium seen at the end of pregnancy. PMID- 3914812 TI - Dietary intake in Swedish diabetic children. AB - The energy and nutrient intakes by 14 children with type I diabetes and 13 healthy peers were investigated by the 24-h recall method and the results were compared with current recommendations for the general population and with the guidelines for the dietary management of diabetes mellitus. The diabetic children showed not only good compliance with the recommendations but also a better intake in practically all respects than their healthy counterparts. The total energy intake by the diabetic children was in good agreement with the recommendations, while that of the controls was slightly lower. The protein energy per cent in the diet of the diabetic children was 18%, compared with 14% in the controls. Forty percent of the energy in the diet of the diabetic children was derived from fats, 36% in the controls. With the exception of carbohydrates, ascorbic acid and iron, the diet of the diabetic children had a higher nutrient density than that of the control children and the reverse was true for carbohydrates only. However, because of the generally higher energy intake displayed by the diabetic children, even the intake of these nutrients was at least as good in the diabetic children as in the controls. Eighty-six percent of the diabetic children but only 46% of the control children stated that the day for which intake data were given was a representative day. PMID- 3914813 TI - Dietary intake, trace elements and serum protein status in young diabetics. AB - Dietary intake of energy and nutrients and its relation to trace element and protein status, as observed in 27 diabetic children and 13 healthy controls are discussed. The diabetic children had consistently higher intakes than the healthy controls in nearly all respects, except for carbohydrate and ascorbic acid. In spite of this, the diabetic children had a significantly lower mean serum magnesium than the healthy controls. It is suggested that hypomagnesemia in diabetic children may be the result of increased urinary loss or diversion of magnesium from normal metabolic pathways in this disease. This review also revealed a significantly higher mean serum selenium level in the diabetic children than in the healthy controls. However, no significant correlation was observed between serum selenium concentrations and protein intake, suggesting that a factor other than protein intake underlay the elevated levels of serum selenium. The diabetic children as a group had significantly lower levels of selected serum proteins than the controls, in spite of a significantly higher intake of protein by the diabetic group. It is suggested that both reduced serum proteins and elevated levels of serum selenium in the diabetic children are an expression of altered metabolism in combination with the effects of current modes of insulin treatment in this disease. PMID- 3914814 TI - Vascular reactivity during the first year of diabetes in children. AB - Functional vascular response to hypoxia was studied in 24 children followed up prospectively for one year after diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Postocclusive reactive hyperaemia was detected non-invasively in the skin using a transcutaneous PO2 method at 37 degrees C. Repeated experiments under standardized conditions were performed before institution of insulin treatment and 3, 7, 21, 30, 180 and 360 days after diagnosis. Impaired vascular reactivity was noted at the first experiment as compared with control children and slight but significant improvement was then noted up to the experiment at 180 days (p less than 0.01). At 30 and 180 days no significant difference between diabetic and control children was found. A small decrease in mean postocclusive reactive hyperaemia was observed at the experiment performed after 360 days. Fast normalization of urine glucose excretion, blood glucose and haemoglobin A1 occurred during the first three weeks of treatment but these variables showed no significant correlation to vascular reactivity, either at diagnosis or later. Impaired vascular reactivity can thus be diagnosed even before the institution of insulin treatment and improves during the first months of treatment, reaching the range of controls. Other factors than indicators of carbohydrate control have to be studied in the search for explanations of the abnormal vascular function in newly diagnosed diabetic children. PMID- 3914815 TI - The NovoPen--a practical tool for simplifying multiple injection insulin therapy. PMID- 3914816 TI - Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP): a therapeutic possibility? PMID- 3914817 TI - Ten-year experience of insulin treatment in gestational diabetes. AB - Between 1975-1984, 119 women with gestational diabetes (GDM) were treated with insulin in Uppsala, representing a mean yearly incidence of 4.5/1,000 pregnancies. Women with GDM were older and more obese than the general pregnant population. Insulin treatment was instituted during a 5-7 day stay in hospital. The mean total daily dose of insulin prepartum, when fasting blood glucose had been normalized, was 53 (SD +/- 25) units (34 +/- 15 units of rapid-acting and 20 +/- 11 units of medium-acting insulin), divided into two doses daily. Mean duration of treatment was 6.4 weeks. The perinatal mortality was 0.8%, compared with 7.4% in previous pregnancies in the same women. The perinatal morbidity was generally mild and included hypoglycaemia (10.9%), hyperbilirubinaemia requiring treatment (2.5%), shoulder dystocia (2.5%) and one case of mild respiratory distress syndrome. The rate of macrosomia was reduced in the present pregnancies compared with previous ones in the women with GDM, but not abolished completely, probably because of too short a duration of improved metabolic control. Spontaneous delivery was favoured and the rate of Caesarean section was 13.5%. Thus, treatment with high doses of insulin in an unselected group of women with GDM is feasible. Normal perinatal mortality, reduced macrosomia, and no gross perinatal morbidity was found in the infants. Though the extent to which insulin treatment per se contributed to the favourable outcome is difficult to assess, it is suggested that the case for a high level of ambition for metabolic normalization in GDM should be a subject of further study. PMID- 3914818 TI - Obstetric care in diabetic pregnancy. AB - In diabetic pregnancy near-normalization of maternal blood glucose levels improves the perinatal outcome. Strict metabolic control can be achieved by self monitoring of blood glucose in ambulant praxis. The obstetric supervision may now therefore be organized on an out-patient basis aiming at early recognition of pregnancy complications such as preeclampsia and deviation in fetal growth. For uncomplicated and well-controlled diabetes without vascular complications the obstetric care should be individualized and routine programmes for obstetric surveillance, such as fetal heart rate monitoring and determination of fetal maturity, are usually not necessary. Special attention should, however, be paid to patients with poor metabolic control or vascular complications, particularly in the presence of disturbances of intra-uterine growth. PMID- 3914819 TI - Blocking of antibody complement-dependent effector functions by streptococcal IgG Fc-receptor and staphylococcal protein A. AB - Using haemolysis in gel, two bacterial IgG-binding substances, an Fc-receptor isolated from group A streptococci type M15, and protein A from Staphylococcus aureus, were shown to inhibit complement-mediated lysis of sheep erythrocytes sensitized with rabbit IgG. When the crude alkaline extracts of ten types of group A streptococci were tested to see whether streptococcal components other than Fc-binding material might affect lysis, the degree of inhibition was found to be correlated with Fc-binding activity. In no case was the lysis of IgM-coated cells inhibited. Opsonophagocytosis experiments showed that both purified streptococcal Fc-receptor and protein A impaired antibody complement-dependent killing by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes of each of two strains of group B streptococci (lacking IgG Fc-receptors). Furthermore, the impairment was ascribable to interference with the fixation of complement to the antibodies, as demonstrated in pre-opsonization experiments with one of the strains. Our results suggest that blocking of the binding of complement to IgG is an important virulence mechanism in Fc-receptor-bearing streptococci and staphylococci. PMID- 3914820 TI - Induction of local immunity to group A streptococci type M50 in mice by non-type specific mechanisms. AB - The possibility of inducing immunity in the upper respiratory tract against type M50 group A streptococci was studied in mice. The M50 type exhibited an LD100 a of 10(5) colony-forming units (CFU) when administered intranasally (i.n.), and of 10(7) CFU when introduced intraperitoneally (i.p.). I.n. administered vaccines prepared from M types 12, 18, 30, 49, 50 and 55 were equally efficient in preventing lethal infection after i.n. challenge with type M50. Subcutaneous (s.c.) immunization with type 18 had no effect, whereas s.c. immunization with type 50 was effective against i.n. challenge with type 50. Neither with i.n. nor s.c., did vaccination with type 18 - in contrast to with type 50 - protect against i.p. challenge with type 50. The results strongly suggest that local immunity against M50 group A streptococci can be achieved using a non-type specific mechanism. Once the local barrier had been overcome, protection against systemic infection was type-specific in accordance with classic concepts. PMID- 3914821 TI - Rapid identification of Escherichia coli from routine urine specimens based on macroscopic criteria. AB - In our laboratory, selected strains of Gram-negative rods from urine samples are identified as Escherichia coli on the basis of smell and morphology on lactose agar. To investigate the accuracy of this routine practice, 211 consecutive strains were tested in the urea-indole tube of the Three-tube method (3-TM), in the PGUA test detecting beta-glucuronidase activity and in the Simmons' citrate test, to select the strains that were non-E. coli. Additional 1022 strains were tested by the indole and urease tests of the 3-TM only. The identification of E. coli based on the macroscopic evaluation of colonies on lactose agar gave correct results for 99.1% of the strains. Citrobacter freundii was the most frequent cause of erroneous identification. PMID- 3914822 TI - Spectrofluorometric and microfluorometric quantitation of antibacterial antibodies, using indirect immune fluorescence. Preliminary report. AB - The IgG-fraction of rabbit hyperimune serum raised towards smooth Salmonella typhimurium 395 MS (parent strain) and rough 395 MR10 (Rd-mutant) was used in indirect immunofluorescence with bacteria in suspension or adsorbed to glass microscope slides. In the first case, IgG-mediated fluorescence was determined with a standard cuvette-type spectrofluorometer; in the second case, in epifluorescence mode with a microscope fluorometer. In both assays the IgG solution could be diluted to about 0.1 micrograms per ml protein to allow detection of fluorescent anti-IgG antibodies in the second step. When determined by the spectrofluorometric method, the IgG antibody titres against S. enteritidis in two patients sera were 1/320 and 1/1280, respectively, which was compared to antibody titres determined with ELISA and MrPAH. Either mode of fluorescence measurement appears to give an objective but arbitrary value of the indirect immuno-fluorescence from bacteria and allows detection of antibodies directed towards whole bacteria, i.e. all antigenic determinants exposed. This may be of importance when following infectious processes. Furthermore, no extraction and binding of bacterial envelope components to solid supports is necessary. PMID- 3914823 TI - [New trends in antineoplastic drug research]. PMID- 3914824 TI - [Progress in the optical resolution of enantiomers]. PMID- 3914825 TI - Sodium metabolism in high-altitude hypoxia, primary systemic hypertension and the peripheral arterial chemoreceptors. PMID- 3914826 TI - Influence of intensity of bone marrow erythropoietic activity on radiosensitivity of mice. I. Effects of carbon monoxide induced alterations of erythropoietic activity on regeneration of bone marrow after sublethal whole body irradiation. PMID- 3914827 TI - alpha-Glucosidase inhibition in obesity. AB - Acarbose is an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor which reversibly and competitively inhibits the digestion of oligo- and disaccharides at the brush border of the small intestine. This study evaluates the preventive and therapeutic properties of acarbose in the treatment of obesity. Dose-response experiments were performed during repeated sucrose loads in man in order to investigate the effects of acarbose on plasma insulin and blood glucose levels. After titration of efficient doses, a long-term tolerance test of acarbose was undertaken in a small pilot study. Finally, the relapse preventing effect of acarbose was tested during double-blind cross-over conditions in 24 weight reduced obese women. In growing Sprague-Dawley rats, the effects of acarbose on body weight, lipid depots and adipose tissue cellularity were tested during pair-feeding and ad libitum conditions. Such effects were also studied in adult ad libitum-fed rats. Blood glucose, plasma insulin, body fat, depot lipids as well as fat cell weight and number were determined with established techniques. During a sucrose load, acarbose reduced insulin in a dose-dependent fashion. Glucose was also reduced, but not dose-dependently and only to a moderate extent. During a 200 g sucrose load, 400 mg of acarbose did not necessarily result in a maximal reduction of the insulin response while the glucose response was maximally inhibited after 100 mg. Acarbose reduced the relapse rate after weight reduction. No serious side effects were observed. Flatulence and meteorism occurred frequently. In growing rats, acarbose retarded the development of body weight and of lipid depots not only during pair-feeding conditions but also in ad libitum-fed animals eating considerably more than their controls. The spontaneous food consumption was increased by acarbose also in adult rats but in these animals neither body weight nor lipid depots were significantly reduced by acarbose. It is concluded that acarbose induces a carbohydrate malabsorption. Insulin levels are reduced not only via a decreased glycemic stimulus but also by interference with other insulin releasing mechanism(s). Acarbose is the first drug ever tested with long term relapse reducing effects after weight reduction. Animal experiments suggest that acarbose may be of value in the prevention of obesity, particularly since the drug retards lipid accumulation also during ad libitum-feeding. PMID- 3914828 TI - [Ultrastructural characteristics of stable L forms of some bacterial species]. PMID- 3914829 TI - [Enhanced nonspecific anti-infective resistance to Klebsiella pneumoniae in mice immunostimulated with preparations P-84 and P-85]. PMID- 3914830 TI - [Spanish physicians and the conquest. Guilty or innocent?]. PMID- 3914831 TI - Ions as regulators of protein-nucleic acid interactions in vitro and in vivo. AB - The key feature of the kinetics and equilibria of both specific and non-specific noncovalent interactions of proteins with nucleic acids is their sensitivity to the details of the ionic environment. Investigation of the effects of ion concentrations provides detailed and otherwise unobtainable information about the thermodynamics and mechanisms of these interactions. We discuss the molecular and thermodynamic basis of the contribution to these ion effects from electrolyte nucleic acid interactions, and demonstrate that a simple ion exchange formalism, involving the stoichiometric participation of individual ions, is the appropriate basis for interpreting these profound effects at a thermodynamic level. Since the in vivo ionic environment is both complex and variable, we propose that variations in intracellular concentrations of individual ions play both global and specific roles in the control of the protein-nucleic acid interactions responsible for nucleoprotein structure and gene expression. PMID- 3914832 TI - Effect of amino acid substitutions on conformational stability of a protein. AB - This paper reviews studies on thermostable proteins from thermophilic bacteria and on mutant proteins of human hemoglobin, tryptophan synthase alpha-subunit of E. coli, T4 phage lysozyme, and phage lambda repressor with respect to the role of the constituting amino acid residues in stabilization of conformation. The stability of a protein is easily affected by single amino acid substitutions, by which the protein undergoes change(s) of one or more of the following: a hydrogen bond, a salt bridge, a hydrophobic interaction, the volume of the residue, a disulfide bond, or the relative position of two aromatic rings. PMID- 3914833 TI - Electrostatics and flexibility in protein-DNA interactions. AB - CAP, cro, and lambda repressor represent a class of gene-regulatory proteins that bind specifically to DNA using a common bihelical motif. Examination of these structures suggest a possible mechanism for the binding of protein to DNA. The first step would be the formation of a non-specific protein-DNA complex energetically driven by the electrostatic interaction of asymetrically distributed charges on the surface of the protein that complement the charges on DNA. This attraction keeps the protein near the DNA, limiting diffusion to one dimension. As the protein slides, random thermal fluctuations twist and dip the protein over irregularities in the structure of the DNA. During these excursions, surface complementarity is sampled until the specific binding site is found. At this point the intervening solvent is displaced allowing the two molecules maximize their electrostatic and hydrogen bonding interactions. PMID- 3914834 TI - Development of procoagulant binding sites on the platelet surface. AB - Activation of coagulation factor X by a complex of factors IXa-VIIIa and prothrombin by a complex of factor Xa.Va is markedly enhanced in the presence of a negatively-charged phospholipid surface. A suitable phospholipid surface is provided by a platelet lysate but not by a suspension of intact platelets, due to the internal localization of phosphatidylserine in the platelet membrane. Upon stimulation of platelets with a combination of collagen and thrombin, or calcium ionophore A23187 or treatment with diamide, alterations in the distribution of membrane phospholipids take place resulting in the exposure of significant amounts of phosphatidylserine at the platelet surface. As a consequence, an increased number of intrinsic factor X and prothrombinase complexes can be assembled at the platelet surface thus leading to an acceleration of factor Xa and thrombin formation. Studies with pathological platelets have shown that neither release nor aggregation are essential to provoke prothrombinase activity. The relatively high prothrombinase activity of non-stimulated Bernard-Soulier platelets is in agreement with the slightly altered phospholipid distribution in these platelets, in which more phosphatidylserine is exposed at the outer surface. Disturbances in the membrane bilayer structure as well as changes in the plasma membrane-cytoskeleton interaction are considered as possible explanations for the increased transbilayer movement of phosphatidylserine. PMID- 3914835 TI - Platelet interaction with the contact system of coagulation. PMID- 3914836 TI - Adenosine diphosphate as a mediator of platelet aggregation in vivo. PMID- 3914837 TI - Endothelium as a modulator of platelet reactivity. AB - The pathways through which endothelial cells can modulate platelet reactivity (whether directly via the secretion of agents that affect platelet function or indirectly through the regulation of coagulation or vascular tone) are sufficiently varied and complex that the direction of individual reactions can be altered as the homeostatic balance requires--in other words, the balance can be shifted in favour of activation or inhibition depending on circumstances. For example, endothelium has the capacity to express pro- or anticoagulant activities, and to release or inactivate agents that either promote or inhibit platelet aggregation. The role of endothelial cells in modulating platelet function is important, complex and as yet poorly understood, but our understanding of the processes involved has advanced greatly over the past few years and continues to increase. PMID- 3914838 TI - Radiation therapy alone or in combination with chemotherapy in the treatment of residual or inoperable carcinoma of the rectum and rectosigmoid or pelvic recurrence following colorectal surgery. Radiation Therapy Oncology Group study (76-16). AB - Between 1976 and 1981, 147 patients with residual, inoperable, or locally recurrent carcinoma of the rectum were randomized to receive either radiation (XRT) alone or XRT plus chemotherapy (concomitant 5-FU during XRT and maintenance 5-FU + MeCCNU). An initial field received 4,500-5,100 rad in 5-6 weeks, with a boost field dose to a maximum of 7000 rad/8 weeks (maximum 6,000 rad/7 weeks with chemotherapy), dependent on findings of special small bowel films. One hundred twenty-nine patients were evaluable (65 XRT, 64 XRT + chemo). There were no statistically significant differences between treatments with respect to overall survival, complete remission rate, time to disease progression, local failure rate, or radiation dose distribution. Median survival was 17 months for XRT, 18 months for XRT + chemo; the 2-year survival probability was 36% for XRT, 44% for XRT + chemo. Initial performance status was a significant prognostic factor for both survival and time to disease progression. A trend was observed favoring the combination treatment for patients with residual disease. Treatment complications were greater for the combined modality arm than for radiation alone. Twenty-seven patients (22%) were alive at last data analysis, with no evidence of disease (NED) from 2-51 months (30 months median). Patients with resection of gross disease before or after irradiation had a much better result than those with gross residual or without any resection, but the relative influence of patient selection versus impact of surgery remains unclear. PMID- 3914839 TI - Randomized trial of estrogen vs. tamoxifen therapy for advanced breast cancer. AB - Forty-three postmenopausal females with advanced breast cancer were studied in a prospective comparative trial of estrogen vs. an anti-estrogen (tamoxifen) therapy with a crossover to the alternative hormone with progressive disease. Ten of 19 patients (53%) responded to primary tamoxifen therapy and six of 24 (25%) responded to primary estrogen therapy. Crossover responses were observed in seven of 19 (37%) on the secondary tamoxifen therapy and in two of 10 (20%) on secondary estrogen therapy, and were not related to the response to the primary hormonal maneuver. Responses were related to the presence of estrogen receptor protein (ERP), particularly for tamoxifen therapy, although responses were observed in three of six ERP negative patients receiving estrogen and in seven of 25 (28%) of patients with an unknown ERP status. Complications were observed in 35 instances with estrogen therapy and in only five instances with tamoxifen therapy. Initial hormonal therapy with tamoxifen in postmenopausal patients with advanced breast cancer and ERP status positive or unknown is superior to primary estrogen treatment. Secondary therapy and response to estrogen or tamoxifen is not necessarily predicted by the initial hormone response, and crossover to the alternative therapy is generally indicated. PMID- 3914840 TI - Doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, CCNU, and vincristine with or without cisplatinum in non-small cell lung cancer. AB - To evaluate the role of cisplatinum in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer, 48 patients received either a doxorubicin (adriamycin) 50 mg/m2 I.V., cyclophosphamide 300 mg/m2 I.V., lomustine (CCNU) 50 mg/m2 p.o., vincristine (oncovin) 1.2 mg/m2 I.V. (ACCO) combination or the same drugs plus cisplatinum 50 mg/m2 I.V. (PACCO) in a prospective sequential trial. No patient had received prior chemotherapy. Patients receiving the two regimens were comparable with regard to median age, performance status, histologic subtype, disease extent, and weight loss. Objective response frequency was only 5% in the initial 20 patients receiving ACCO treatment compared to a response frequency of 28% (7% complete) in the 28 patients receiving cisplatinum in the PACCO treatment arm (p less than 0.06). Patients achieving objective response lived significantly longer than nonresponders (9.1 months vs. 3.8 months, p less than 0.05). Although median survival was similar on the two regimens (6.1 months for ACCO vs. 7.6 months for PACCO), more than four times as many patients were alive after 1 year in the PACCO treatment group (24% vs. 5%). Predominant toxicity consisted of moderately severe nausea and vomiting (63% on PACCO vs. 34% on ACCO, p less than 0.05) and myelosuppression with WBC less than 3,000/mm3 occurring in the majority of patients on both regimens. These results suggest cisplatinum addition to a doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, lomustine, and vincristine combination may be associated with increased 1-year survival in the non-small cell lung cancer patient population. PMID- 3914841 TI - Cloning and characterization of mefloquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum from Thailand. AB - Resistance to mefloquine in Plasmodium falciparum has begun to occur along the border of Thailand and Kampuchea. As a means of assessing the natural occurrence of mefloquine resistance, the admission and post-treatment parasite isolates from a mefloquine treatment failure were cloned and characterized. Clones from the admission isolate were susceptible to mefloquine in vitro (ID50 of 3.4 [2-5], G [95% CI] ng/ml) and showed a mixture of isozyme types for glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI types I and II). The post-treatment clones were resistant to mefloquine in vitro (ID50 of 17.3 [13-23] ng/ml) with only one isozyme (GPI type I) detected. These observations suggest that under mefloquine pressure a resistant parasite population was selected in the patient, indicating that the potential for mefloquine resistance already exists in the indigenous P. falciparum gene pool. In addition, the mefloquine-resistant clones showed decreased susceptibility in vitro to halofantrine suggesting possible cross resistance to this new antimalarial drug currently under development. PMID- 3914842 TI - Comparison of Plasmodium falciparum infections in Panamanian and Colombian owl monkeys. AB - Parameters of blood-induced infections of the Vietnam Oak Knoll, Vietnam Smith, and Uganda Palo Alto strains of Plasmodium falciparum studied in 395 Panamanian owl monkeys in this laboratory between 1976-1984 were compared with those reported from another laboratory for 665 Colombian owl monkeys, studied between 1968-1975, and, at the time, designated Aotus trivirgatus griseimembra. The virulence of these strains was less in Panamanian than in Colombian owl monkeys, as indicated by lower mortality rates of the Panamanian monkeys during the first 30 days of patency. Maximum parasitemias of the Vietnam Smith and Uganda Palo Alto strain, in Panamanian owl monkeys dying during the first 15 days of patent infection, were significantly higher than in Colombian owl monkeys. Panamanian owl monkeys that survived the primary attack had significantly higher maximum parasitemias than the surviving Colombian owl monkeys. Peak parasitemias were attained significantly earlier after patency in Panamanian than in Colombian owl monkeys, irrespective of the strain of P. falciparum. More Panamanian than Colombian owl monkeys evidenced self-limited infection after the primary attack of either the Vietnam Smith or Uganda Palo Alto strain. The duration of the primary attacks and recrudescences were significantly shorter in Panamanian than in Colombian owl monkeys. Mean peak parasitemias during recrudescence were usually higher in Panamanian owl monkeys than in Colombian monkeys. Differences of infection parameters were probably attributable, in part, to geographical origin of the two monkey hosts and parasite strains. PMID- 3914843 TI - Isolation and characterization of parasite-inhibitory Plasmodium falciparum monoclonal antibodies. AB - Three mouse hybridomas were isolated that produced IgM monoclonal antibodies (Mab) which reacted with erythrocytic stages of Plasmodium falciparum and inhibited the invasion of erythrocytes in vitro. Those Mab, initially identified by an ELISA screening of hybridoma culture medium, exhibited a strong binding to trophozoite and schizont but not to ring or merozoite stage parasites or to erythrocytes in an indirect immunofluorescence assay. All inhibited the parasite's ability to infect erythrocytes in an in vitro invasion inhibition assay. Western blot analysis of the binding of the Mab to SDS-PAGE-separated parasite antigens isolated from the ring, trophozoite, schizont or spontaneously released merozoite stages, indicated that two of the Mab bound to a Mr 105,000 antigen in trophozoites and schizonts while the third Mab did not. All three Mab also bound to Mr 30,000-40,000 antigens in all stages, however, in all instances binding to these antigens was enhanced in merozoites. It was further observed that the two Mabs that bound to a Mr 105,000 antigen: exhibited a markedly reduced binding to the Mr 105,000 antigen in merozoite preparations; exhibited different relative intensities of binding to the trophozoite and schizont antigens; both bound to the same Mr 105,000 antigen as demonstrated through Western blot analysis of antigens separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The findings suggest that the inhibitory Mab bound to different epitopes of the same antigen and that the antigen may either be processed or degraded at about the time of merozoite release and erythrocyte invasion. PMID- 3914844 TI - Clindamycin for the treatment of falciparum malaria in Sudan. AB - Clindamycin, 5 mg/kg twice a day for 5 days, was used to treat falciparum malaria after clinical and parasitological diagnosis at a health station in Faki Hashim, a suburb of Khartoum, Sudan. Twenty out of twenty-six patients enrolled completed the study. Giemsa-stained thick blood films were negative for asexual parasites by day 7 in 17 patients and by day 8 in the remaining 3. All were examined on days 14 or 28; 2 who had initially been cleared by day 6 had asymptomatic low density asexual parasitemia on day 14, which disappeared without treatment by day 28, and 2 others initially cleared by day 5 were similarly positive at day 28. Reinfection in these patients cannot be ruled out. Of the 6 patients withdrawn from the study, 2 took chloroquine independently, 1 developed vomiting, 1 developed diarrhea, 1 acquired a circumoral maculopapular rash, and 1 had an increasing parasitemia on day 3 and was switched to chloroquine. Generally, the treatment was without toxicity and was well received. Clindamycin proved satisfactory for the treatment of simple cases of falciparum malaria in the field in Africa. PMID- 3914845 TI - Epidemiologic study of visceral leishmaniasis in Honduras, 1975-1983. AB - Between 1975 and 1983, 53 patients with parasitologically proven visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and 16 patients with suspected VL were diagnosed in Honduras. The patients' ages ranged from 3 months to 10 years, but 95% were younger than 3 years old. Since 1978, when 16 patients were reported, the yearly incidence has declined, and in 1982 only 4 patients were reported. We located and interviewed the families of 57 of the 69 patients. At the onset of illness, all 57 patients lived in rural areas, and 55 lived in southern Honduras. All the patients who were discharged from the hospital alive were still living at the time of the interview. A case-control study, using age-matched neighbors as controls, showed that patients were significantly more likely to have lived in poorly constructed, wood-stick houses. We used an indirect immunofluorescence test to analyze blood samples for Leishmania antibodies from 218 family members of patients, 170 family members of controls, and 156 children living on the island of El Tigre, where 4 of the 5 most recently diagnosed patients lived. Although 15 specimens gave a positive reaction to L. donovani antigen, each gave a stronger reaction when tested against Trypanosoma cruzi antigen, suggesting that the reactions to L. donovani were false positives. A serosurvey of 279 dogs of cases and controls and from El Tigre showed that 24 had positive reactions to L. donovani antigen, but only 4 (1.4%) had higher titers to L. donovani than to T. cruzi.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3914846 TI - Transmission of leprosy in nude mice. AB - Nude mice in groups of 10 were exposed to M. leprae by subcutaneous injection and topically through the nose, lungs, mouth, stomach and skin, broken and unbroken. Animals injected subcutaneously and those topically exposed to M. leprae through the nose developed localized disease which in the course of time became generalized. The nose seems to be the site of entry of M. leprae in this model. To the extent that these results can be generalized to humans exposed to M. leprae, it would seem that leprosy bacilli impact topically on the nasal mucosa or are inoculated subcutaneously. PMID- 3914847 TI - Recent advances in malaria research: parasite biology, chemotherapy and host/parasite relationships. PMID- 3914848 TI - Problems in basic biology of Plasmodia. PMID- 3914849 TI - Pharmacokinetics of antimalarial drugs: their therapeutic and toxicological implications. PMID- 3914850 TI - New drugs and their potential use against drug-resistant malaria. PMID- 3914851 TI - Some considerations on contemporary malaria research--contribution to discussion. PMID- 3914852 TI - [Circadian rhythms and depression]. AB - The degree to which nature's cycles influence our body is now obvious, owing to the recent progress of chronobiology. It seems thus that the harmonious internal organization of our circadian rhythms depends on the dual influence of the internal clocks as well as the external temporal informations. These endogenous pacemakers, able to spontaneously generate a rhythmicity the period of which is close to 24 hours, could be triggered by environmental informations, such as light/dark or sleep/Wake cycles, on a 24 hours schedule. The disruption of this entrainment could be involved in major affective disorders. This internal or external desynchronisation seems thus to be the central concept of different models for depression. The internal coincidence model suggests that a phase advance of the strong oscillator in reference to the weak oscillator causes depression. An external coincidence model suggests that depression is caused when light/dark cycle or photoperiod provide too little illumination during a critical photosensitive interval which could be located in the second half of the night. At last, a model comparing the biological rhythms of depressed patients and of healthy volunteers during temporal isolation, suggests that the internal clocks of depressed subjects could be temporarily "blind" to environmental time cues involving internal desynchronisation. These emerging findings should open a new therapeutic approach for depression. PMID- 3914854 TI - Computers and medical decision making. A new elective course in Medical Information Science. PMID- 3914853 TI - [Treatment of mastodynia with synthetic diosmin]. PMID- 3914855 TI - Putting computers to work for curriculum planners. PMID- 3914856 TI - Teaching journal reading skills to first year medical students--results of an immediate and follow-up evaluation. PMID- 3914857 TI - Protein antigens of encapsulated Klebsiella pneumoniae surface exposed after growth in the presence of subinhibitory concentrations of cephalosporins. AB - It recently has been reported by us that cephalosporins, at a concentration below that influencing growth rate, reduced the production of enterochelin and capsule formation of iron-depleted Klebsiella pneumoniae. We now report on the antigenicity of the outer membrane components and surface-exposed protein antigens of iron-depleted cells grown in the presence or absence of cephalosporins. All major outer membrane proteins, including iron-regulated membrane proteins, were immunogenic. Encapsulated K. pneumoniae grown in antibiotic-free media had three protein antigens (60, 35.5, and 32.5 kilodaltons) exposed on the surface that were accessible to antibodies. Growth of the same cultures in the presence of subinhibitory concentrations of cephalosporins resulted in the exposure of a greater number of protein antigenic determinants, including iron-regulated membrane proteins, which become readily accessible to antibodies. It was also found that immunoblotting was generally more sensitive than conventional staining of the acrylamide gel with Coomassie blue in the detection of proteins. PMID- 3914858 TI - Comparison of aminoglycoside resistance patterns in Japan, Formosa, and Korea, Chile, and the United States. AB - The resistance mechanisms of more than 2,000 aminoglycoside-resistant gram negative aerobic bacteria were estimated by a method that assigned a biochemical mechanism based on susceptibility to selected aminoglycosides. Strains from hospitals in Japan, Formosa, and Korea (the Far East) were compared with strains from Chile and the United States. Of the strains from Chile, 90% had an aminoglycoside resistance pattern indicative of the 3-N-acetyltransferase [AAC(3) V] enzyme. Of the strains from the Far East, 78% had susceptibility patterns suggesting the presence of AAC(6') enzymes. In contrast, strains from the United States had a wider variety of resistance mechanisms including 2''-O adenylyltidyltransferase [ANT(2'')], AAC(3), AAC(6'), and AAC(2'). Reflecting these differences in resistance patterns, the frequencies of resistance to gentamicin, tobramycin, dibekacin, and amikacin in strains from the United States were different from those in strains from the Far East. These differences seem to be correlated with different aminoglycoside usage in the two regions. In the United States, where gentamicin was the most widely used aminoglycoside, 92% of the strains were resistant to gentamicin, 81% were resistant to dibekacin, and 8.8% were resistant to amikacin. In the Far East, dibekacin and kanamycin were widely used in the past and more recently amikacin has been frequently used. Of the strains from this region, 99% were resistant to dibekacin, 85% were resistant to gentamicin, and 35% were resistant to amikacin. PMID- 3914859 TI - Randomized, double-blind comparison of ceftazidime and moxalactam in complicated urinary tract infections. AB - Sixty-seven patients with complicated urinary tract infections were randomized in double-blind fashion to ceftazidime or moxalactam (MOX). A total of 54 patients were evaluable, 27 in each group. Patients received 500 mg of antibiotic intravenously every 12 h, except for those with Pseudomonas aeruginosa randomized to MOX who received 2 g intravenously every 12 h. Toxic effects with ceftazidime were experienced by the following number of patients: pain with infusion, one; posttherapy diarrhea, one; liver function test elevations, two; and neutropenia, one. Toxic effects with MOX were experienced by the following number of patients: liver function test elevations, two; and prolonged prothrombin time, one. All resolved. At 1 week posttherapy, bacteriologic results were 74% cured, 11% relapsed, 15% reinfection with ceftazidime and 52% cured, 33% relapsed, and 19% reinfection with MOX. Ceftazidime was effective for infections caused by MOX resistant P. aeruginosa. P. aeruginosa resistant to MOX and other beta-lactams was isolated from one patient after MOX therapy. Enterococcal reinfection was common in both groups. PMID- 3914860 TI - Malaria chemoprophylaxis with chloroquine in young Nigerian children. I. Its effect on mortality, morbidity and the prevalence of malaria. AB - One hundred and ninety-eight Nigerian children who received weekly chemoprophylaxis with chloroquine from shortly after birth until the age of one year or two years and 185 age-matched controls were studied. Chemoprophylaxis with chloroquine was partially, but not completely, effective in controlling malaria. Clinical malaria was documented significantly less frequently in protected children than in control children, and only 9% of random blood films obtained from protected children were positive for Plasmodium falciparum while 41% of random blood films from control children were positive for this parasite. Mean malaria antibody levels were lower in protected than in control children; for ELISA and precipitin antibodies the difference between the two groups was less marked at two years than at one year. Mortality was similar among protected and among control children. No rebound mortality or morbidity was observed after chemoprophylaxis was stopped. PMID- 3914861 TI - Malaria control by chlorproguanil. I. Clinical effects and susceptibility of Plasmodium falciparum in vivo after seven years of monthly chlorproguanil administration to children in a Liberian village. AB - For seven years, chlorproguanil (1.0 to 2.0 mg kg-1) was administered monthly to the children below 15 years of age in a village with holoendemic malaria. Malariometric indices were recorded every six months. Susceptibility in vivo was monitored by the clearance of Plasmodium falciparum parasitaemia after drug intake. Three parasite species were found initially: P. falciparum (52%), P. malariae (8%) and P. ovale (4%). The parasites found during the study were mainly P. falciparum, and parasite rates ranged from 37 to 87% at the different surveys one month after respective drug intake. A fifty-fold decrease of mean parasite density was generally observed seven days after drug intake. Splenomegaly was initially recorded in all two to nine year old children, with a mean size of 2.64 according to Hackett's index. From 18 months onwards as the mean spleen index was 1.15 in the same age group. Chlorproguanil may represent an important alternative drug to groups at risk in malaria control schemes. PMID- 3914862 TI - Susceptibility of Plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine in northern Liberia after 20 years of chemosuppression and therapy. AB - The in vivo and in vitro susceptibility of Plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine was investigated in northern Liberia after 20 years of continuous chemosuppression and therapy with 4-aminoquinolines. In all patients studied (n = 53) parasitaemias were cleared within four days. There were no recrudescences in 16 patients followed-up for 28 days. All isolates of P. falciparum tested in vitro (n = 26) showed sensitive patterns. Schizont maturation was inhibited by a chloroquine concentration of between 0.25 and 0.75 mumol-1. In this area of Liberia no resistance to chloroquine was found in spite of extensive use of 4 aminoquinolines. This may support the view that importation of at least partially resistant strains, rather than local mutation of P. falciparum, precedes selection of resistant strains. Hence, we conclude that regular intake of chloroquine by groups at risk is justified if it is combined with regular monitoring of drug susceptibility. PMID- 3914864 TI - The stability of Babesia microti infections after prolonged passage, a comparison with a recently isolated strain. PMID- 3914863 TI - Corticosteroid stimulation of the growth of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes in vitro. AB - Corticosteroids were found to enhance gametocyte production in vitro in two gametocyte-producing chloroquine-resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum. No significant enhancement was observed in two chloroquine-sensitive strains. Gametocytes were not induced by corticosteroids in a fifth strain which had lost the ability to produce gametocytes. PMID- 3914865 TI - [Fatigue. Relaxation therapy]. PMID- 3914866 TI - Studies on specificity of protection induced by immunization with outer membrane proteins of Shigella. AB - Immunization of C3H/HeJ mice with outer membrane proteins (OMP) and with peptidoglycan associated proteins (PGP) isolated from Shigella flexneri 3a and from Shigella sonnei phase I protected the animals against lethal dose of homologous and heterologous bacteria and against various serotypes of Shigella flexneri. Neither of the protein preparations protected the animals against challenge with Escherichia, Klebsiella, Citrobacter, Salmonella, Serratia, Proteus and Pseudomonas. OMP preparations however, isolated from these species protected the animals not only against challenge with homologous bacteria but also against Shigella flexneri 3a. PMID- 3914867 TI - Transfer of immunity by means of spleen cells from mice immunized with outer membrane proteins of Shigella flexneri. AB - Intraperitoneal immunization of mice with a single dose (5 micrograms) of outer membrane proteins (OMP) of Shigella flexneri was found to evoke in the spleen the appearance of cells by means of which immunity to lethal dose of Shigella could be transferred into other mice. Active cells capable of transferring immunity appeared in the spleen of the animals as early as on day 3, reached the strongest protective activity on day 4 and disappeared on day 8 after immunization. Active cells from animals immunized with two doses of OMP maintained in the spleens for 19 days. The experiments revealed that immunity to Shigella could be transferred only with lymphocytes; macrophages were found to be inactive. PMID- 3914868 TI - Early stages during the development of BCG on solid egg media. PMID- 3914869 TI - Studies on aberrant BCG derived forms. PMID- 3914870 TI - Imported malaria in Paris. PMID- 3914871 TI - Consequences of the spread of drug resistance in Africa. PMID- 3914872 TI - [Pemphigus of the mouth]. PMID- 3914873 TI - [Tuberculosis of the oral cavity]. PMID- 3914874 TI - [Tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis]. PMID- 3914875 TI - [Oral candidiasis]. PMID- 3914876 TI - Studies on the accumulation of putrescine and spermidine in Escherichia coli. AB - The rate of accumulation of the polyamines spermidine and putrescine by E. coli depended on growth rate. Spermidine accumulation was faster in chemostat cultures with high dilution rates than in those with low dilution rates and was slower in bacteria that had been grown for several generations with either putrescine or spermidine, suggesting that the spermidine-uptake system was repressed by exogenous polyamines. The uptake of spermidine required metabolic energy. Thus accumulation occurred in an energy-starved unc strain only upon addition of glucose (or D-lactate to a smaller extent). With glucose present accumulation occurred in an unc, frd strain under anaerobic conditions, suggesting that ATP drives uptake. However, accumulation was generally sensitive to carbonylcyanide m chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP), indicating that the proton motive force was involved in uptake. Unlike spermidine, putrescine accumulation was faster in slow growing than in fast-growing cultures. This may have been due to greater efflux of putrescine at faster growth rates. Accumulation of putrescine was faster following prolonged growth with either putrescine or spermidine, suggesting induction of the putrescine-uptake system by exogenous polyamines. Like spermidine accumulation, putrescine accumulation required metabolic energy. Accumulation was insensitive to CCCP and occurred only when glucose was added to energy-starved unc bacteria, suggesting that high-energy bonds may drive the uptake of putrescine. PMID- 3914877 TI - Digitalis 1785-1985. PMID- 3914879 TI - Failure of intravenous pindolol to reduce the hemodynamic determinants of myocardial oxygen demand or enzymatically determined infarct size in acute myocardial infarction. AB - Pindolol, a beta blocker with intrinsic sympathomimetic activity, was investigated in a randomised controlled trial of 100 patients presenting within 12 hours of uncomplicated acute myocardial infarction. Pindolol was given intravenously for 24 hours and orally for 48 hours to achieve serum levels above 10 ng/ml. Heart rate and arterial pressure, both systolic and diastolic, fell to a similar degree in actively treated and control patients. There was no significant difference between systolic blood pressure-heart rate product in actively treated and control patients during the first 72 hours of therapy. There was no increased incidence of cardiac failure, bradycardia, or AV conduction disturbance among pindolol-treated patients. Infarct size estimated from cumulative enzyme release did not differ significantly from controls regardless of whether pindolol was given within four hours or between four and 12 hours of symptom onset. However, fewer patients given pindolol within four hours required morphine. Use of pindolol during the acute phase of myocardial infarction did not appear to modify clinical course, hemodynamic determinants of myocardial oxygen demand, or enzymatically determined infarct size. PMID- 3914880 TI - Juxtaglomerular tumour: diagnostic renal vein renin measurements obscured by chronic captopril therapy. AB - A case of juxtaglomerular tumour (sometimes called hemangiopericytoma) in a 17 year old boy, presenting with severe hypertension and hypokalemia, is described. Plasma renin activity was markedly elevated in both renal veins and failed to lateralise the tumour. This is attributed to chronic stimulation of renin secretion by Captopril treatment. Removal of the tumour cured the hypertension and hypokalemia. PMID- 3914878 TI - Patient selection for cardiac transplantation. AB - Since February 1984, 27 isotopic cardiac transplants have been performed in 25 patients. These 25 patients were from a pool of 45 patients who were accepted into the Programme. Sixteen patients have died awaiting a transplant, and four patients are presently on the waiting list. All patients accepted for cardiac transplantation were NYHA Class IV. There were 136 referrals during this period for cardiac transplantation, and 14 referrals for heart-lung transplantation. The commonest reason for non-acceptance into the Programme is that patients were considered not to be ill enough and to have a prognosis of more than six months. Patient selection is a key factor in ensuring a successful outcome with cardiac transplantation. PMID- 3914881 TI - Anti-Ro (SS-A) antibodies and congenital complete heart block. AB - Maternal anti-Ro (SS-A) antibodies have been implicated in the pathogenesis of congenital complete heart block. When congenital complete heart block occurs, SS A antibodies are almost always present in maternal and fetal serum, although not all infants of SS-A antibody positive mothers are affected. We describe a situation in which antibodies to SS-A were present in high titre in both maternal and fetal serum, although there was no evidence of heart block in the infant. This is the first report of a normal infant in whom maternally derived SS-A antibodies have been documented in high titre. PMID- 3914882 TI - The myth of spontaneous idiopathic lactic acidosis. PMID- 3914883 TI - Current controversies in child accident prevention. An analysis of some areas of dispute in the prevention of child trauma. AB - The rate of serious child trauma has not been significantly reduced in the last two decades. During this time, both infant mortality rates and the total child death rate have fallen by 30%. Child trauma, as a relative contributor to child mortality in general, continues to increase. Effective prevention depends on a detailed understanding of causes, an appraisal of options, and cost-benefit audit of intervention programmes. Controversial themes are common in accident prevention work; controversies relating to child safety result from both an absence of data about detailed causes, and from philosophical conflicts about whose responsibility it is to prevent child trauma, and who will bear the cost. Five controversial areas have been selected and are discussed to illustrate these current problems. These are the inevitability of accidents, the loss of personal freedom that occurs in the regulation of a safe environment, "drownproofing" of infants, questions of sporting injuries involving children and the progressive upgrading of rules to make sports safer, and problems relating to the assessment of true exposure risks. PMID- 3914884 TI - The resistance to anti-microbial agents of bacteria isolated from pathological conditions of birds in Victoria, 1978 to 1983. AB - The resistance to anti-microbial agents of bacteria isolated from pathological conditions of birds in Victoria, 1978 to 1983, was determined for isolates of Escherichia coli, Salmonella species, Staphylococcus aureus, Pasteurella multocida, P. anatipestifer, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and Haemophilus paragallinarum. The isolates of E. coli had a high prevalence of resistance to tetracycline and sulphonamides, and a lower prevalence of resistance to furazolidone and sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim. The isolates of Salmonella spp commonly had resistance to tetracycline, sulphonamides, furazolidone and sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim. Almost half the isolates of S. aureus showed resistance to lincomysin and many showed resistance to penicillin. Resistance to tetracycline was found in isolates of P. multocida, P. anatepestifer and Y. pseudotuberculosis. Some isolates of H. paragallinarum showed resistance to sulphonamides, streptomycin and sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim. PMID- 3914885 TI - A comparison of intravaginal PGF2 alpha and intravenous oxytocin to stimulate labour after membrane rupture. AB - A prospective randomized controlled trial of 202 patients was set up to examine the efficiency and safety of 40 mg of intravaginal prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) in a tylose gel to stimulate labour after artificial or spontaneous membrane rupture. The control group received a standard intravenous oxytocin regimen. The PGF2 alpha treated group had a significantly shorter length of labour (6.2 +/- 3.6 hours) compared to the oxytocin group (7.5 +/- 4.3 hours) (p less than 0.05). The analgesic requirements were significantly reduced in the PGF2 alpha treated patients. In PGF2 alpha treated patients 46 of 105 required no analgesia whereas 17 of 97 oxytocin treated patients required no analgesia (p less than 0.001). There were similar reductions for epidural (p less than 0.005) and pethidine requirements (p less than 0.005). No differences were found between groups with regards mode of delivery. There were no adverse maternal side-effects associated with PGF2 alpha usage. A significant reduction (p less than 0.05) in the incidence of neonatal jaundice requiring phototherapy occurred in the PGF2 alpha group. Prostaglandin F2 alpha appears to be a safe, efficient and better alternative to intravenous oxytocin to stimulate labour in the presence of ruptured membranes, allowing ambulation, a reduction in length of labour and less need for analgesia and intravenous therapy. PMID- 3914886 TI - An evaluation of three ultrasound equations for fetal weight prediction. AB - Ultrasound fetal weight estimation based on the equations of Shepard et al (1), Warsof et al (2) using biparietal diameter and abdominal circumference, and Campbell et al (3) using abdominal circumference, were evaluated in 92 Chinese patients in labour. Our result shows that Campbell's equation (3), based on the abdominal circumference alone provides a higher accuracy and precision in predicting fetal weight than using a combination of biparietal diameter and abdominal circumference. PMID- 3914887 TI - Comparative studies on surface antigenicity of Trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigotes from infected mouse blood and infected L-cell cultures. AB - Differences in the antigenicities of surface components of blood-form trypomastigotes and trypomastigotes derived from L-cell cultures were studied by agglutination and indirect immunofluorescent tests on living parasites using various antisera from rabbits and mice. Antisera from rabbits immunized with L cell-derived trypomastigotes and antisera obtained from rabbits infected with L cell-derived trypomastigotes showed similar titers in both the agglutination and immunofluorescent test. Moreover, both antisera exhibited higher titers against trypomastigotes derived from L-cell cultures than against blood-form trypomastigotes. No detectable agglutination titer against either blood-form or L cell-derived trypomastigotes was observed with sera from (a) mice infected with blood-form trypomastigotes after previous immunization with blood-form trypomastigotes, (b) mice infected with blood-form trypomastigotes and then treated with Lampit, or (c) mice infected with slightly less virulent trypomastigotes from L-cells. However, detectable and almost equal titers were observed with sera from (a), (b) and (c) in indirect immunofluorescent tests. Mouse sera also exhibited higher titers against trypomastigotes derived from L cells than against the blood-form type. However, mouse sera showed more pronounced differences than rabbit sera. These results suggest that there may be two types of trypomastigotes in infected animals and that the surface components of blood-form trypomastigotes have lower antigenicity. PMID- 3914888 TI - [Is it necessary to retract the gingival margin?]. PMID- 3914889 TI - [Masks: valuable ally for correct ceramics]. PMID- 3914890 TI - [Construction of an inlaid pontic--2. Irregular borders: an "almost" inevitable problem]. PMID- 3914891 TI - [Synthograft: experiments in rats. An alternative to bone implants]. PMID- 3914892 TI - [Re-evaluation of a non-precious metal for construction of a framework. Base but full of virtue]. PMID- 3914893 TI - [Amalgam obturation of a class V cavity in a molar tooth. 2 key points: retention and shaping]. PMID- 3914894 TI - [Etching of the enamel with pyruvic acid. For much more surface]. PMID- 3914895 TI - [The framework in relation to the ceramic]. PMID- 3914896 TI - [Development of dentures in periodontal therapy]. PMID- 3914897 TI - [Crowns compared]. PMID- 3914898 TI - [Determining the root canal. Ultrasound: a friendly technique]. PMID- 3914899 TI - [Electroerosion: new frontiers]. PMID- 3914901 TI - [Gingival retraction using Gingifoam. Inflation exposes the margin]. PMID- 3914900 TI - [Vital amputation in anterior injured teeth in children (Ellis' class III). Pulpotomy: when, how and why]. PMID- 3914903 TI - [For dental abutments retrograde is better]. PMID- 3914902 TI - [Important determinants for the success in complete dentures. Tooth selection using the Pound method]. PMID- 3914904 TI - [Projection of the removable partial denture]. PMID- 3914905 TI - [The model in removable dentures]. PMID- 3914906 TI - [The model in fixed dentures]. PMID- 3914907 TI - [Everyday esthetics]. PMID- 3914908 TI - [The hippopotamus and porcelain: the marvelous history of dental prosthetics through the centuries]. PMID- 3914909 TI - In utero sonographic diagnosis of semilobar holoprosencephaly. AB - Since its early diagnostic application in the study of pregnancy, ultrasonography (US) has been widely employed in the detection of fetal malformations. Head abnormalities, recognized through the evaluation of brain and skull structures, accounted for the majority of these observations. We report here on a case of holoprosencephaly, a rare malformation (incidence is around 1/16,000 live births according to Roach et al. [1975]) diagnosed and monitored up to delivery by multiple US examinations. PMID- 3914910 TI - Endocrine control of inhibin biosynthesis by human placenta. AB - In vitro synthesis of inhibin-like activity was localized in the fetal part of the human placenta. Of the various hormones, hCG stimulated inhibin synthesis while progesterone, estradiol, LHRH and prostaglandin inhibited the synthesis. Prolactin did not significantly alter the inhibin synthesis. PMID- 3914912 TI - Adjuvant radiotherapy in the surgical treatment of the carcinoma of the cervix. AB - Treatment results of 1,092 patients with operated cervical cancer, covered by a cooperative program including the Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology of four universities, were analysed. Standardized surgical procedures and histological processing of the surgical specimens were employed throughout. The indication to postoperative radiotherapy was different in the different university departments. In order to carry out a realistic comparison of the achieved treatment results, not the clinical staging, but the tumour extension histologically determined on the surgical specimen, was taken into account. In cases presenting a continuous tumour growth corresponding to histological Stage Ib, the 5-year-survival rates achieved were 90.5% and 95.6% for patients only operated, or operated and subjected to radiation therapy, respectively. In cases of continuous tumour growth corresponding to histological Stage II, the 5-year survival rates were 79.5% following surgery only, and 83.1% after surgery and radiation. The differences between the corresponding survival rates were not statistically significant. The further proof of tumour parameters and the formation of twin pairs, revealed that the prognosis of patients presenting unfavourable tumour criteria could not be influenced by a postoperative radiation therapy. PMID- 3914911 TI - [Treatment of cancer of the uterine cervix by surgery alone]. AB - The authors report a series of 434 patients with invasive cancer of the uterine cervix treated with primary surgery. The results are equivalent to those reported by others who treated cervix cancer with radiotherapy. Post-operative radiotherapy did not improve the results except in the most advanced forms (pT2b, pN1 or 2) when it increases the disease-free interval without altering the survival probability at 5 years. For the clinical stages I, IIA and IIB proximal (infiltration of the parametrium limited to the proximal part) surgery is the elective treatment. In stage IIB distal and for "operable" Stages III and IV, a combination of chemotherapy-surgery and radiotherapy is suggested. PMID- 3914913 TI - Anti-carcinoembryonic antigen sera acquiring higher tumor specificity by absorption with a plasma factor. AB - A factor reacting with antisera against carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was isolated from healthy donors' plasma. Ten different antiCEA sera were absorbed with this plasma factor (P-factor): the antiCEA activity was mostly, or completely, removed in 8 sera. Only 2 of these absorbed sera (here defined as type A) still presented a high CEA binding activity by radioimmunoassay and, on tissue sections, selectively stained most of the colonic adenocarcinomas and areas of severe dysplasia in neoplastic adenomas. Contrary to the behaviour of the antisera against the P-factor, of the unabsorbed antiCEA sera, of a commercially available antiserum and of a monoclonal antibody, the P-absorbed type A antiCEA sera appeared unreactive with normal colonic mucosa and granulocytes. Absorption with the P-factor allows us to obtain antiCEA sera with higher tumor specificity. PMID- 3914914 TI - Inhibition of cyclophosphamide mutagenicity by beta-carotene. AB - Cyclophosphamide (CP) metabolites, rather than the parent compound, show mutagenic activity towards Salmonella typhimurium TA 1535 tester strain when S9 fraction from phenobarbital (PB)-induced rat liver is used as in vitro metabolizing system. On the other hand, inhibition of CP in vitro mutagenicity was observed by adding increasing amounts of beta-carotene (beta-C) to the system. A typical dose-dependent mutagenic response was observed by assaying 24 h urine samples of PB-induced rats injected i.p. with different amounts of CP. Addition of beta-C to urines of CP-treated rats failed to inhibit their mutagenicity. Conversely, a marked decrease in urine mutagenicity was observed when rats were simultaneously treated with the two drugs. These data show that beta-carotene partially inhibits, in vitro and in vivo, CP metabolism via hepatic mixed-function oxidase enzymes to mutagenic species. PMID- 3914915 TI - Critique of a study on ganja in Jamaica. AB - In the study of "Ganja in Jamaica" by Rubin and Comitas, no significant differences between heavy ganja smokers and controls could be demonstrated in physical and psychological symptoms or social adjustment. This lack of difference may be attributed to methodological limitations in the sampling technique and examinations performed. The number of subjects studied was small (30 in both control and test group). The selection of controls was inadequate: only 12 controls had never smoked ganja, and 8 were current occasional users. Methodological limitations flawed the physical examinations of the lung and cardiovascular system, cytogenetic studies, psychological assessment and psychiatric evaluation. Acceptance by the authors of a positive motivational influence of cannabis smoking and other socially beneficial properties of such smoking was based more on philosophical premises than on objective observations performed by others in Jamaica and other countries. PMID- 3914916 TI - An update on cannabis research. AB - A symposium of over 125 scientists, held in August 1984 at the campus of Oxford University, considered the latest developments concerning cannabis research. Evidence on the mode of tetrahydrocannabinol action on the central nervous system indicates that acetylcholine turnover in the hippocampus through a GABA-ergic mechanism is of major importance, though the role of the dopaminergic or serotoninergic mechanism and involvement of prostaglandins and c-AMP is not ruled out. The use of cannabis causes prominent and predictable effects on the heart, including increased work-load, increased plasma volume and postural hypotension, which could impose threats to the cannabis users with hypertension, cerebrovascular disease or coronary arteriosclerosis. Cannabis or tetrahydrocannabinol has damaging effects on the endocrine functions in both male and female of all animal species tested. Among possible mechanisms of action, it is suggested that tetrahydrocannabinol disrupts gonadal functions by depriving the testicular cells of their energy reserves by inhibition of cellular energetics, and that it stimulates androgen-binding protein secretion, which may account for oligospermia seen in chronic cannabis smokers. In addition to these direct effects on gonads, tetrahydrocannabinol interferes with hormonal secretions from the pituitary, including luteinizing hormones, follicle stimulating hormones and prolactin. Research findings indicate that maternal and paternal exposure to cannabinoids can influence developmental and reproductive functions in the offspring, but it is difficult to separate possible teratogenic effects from subsequent gametotoxic and mutagenic potentials of cannabinoids. PMID- 3914917 TI - [Course and pathology of operated congenital cardiopathies. Methodology of clinical evaluation]. PMID- 3914918 TI - [Diagnostic and therapeutic aspects in renovascular hypertension]. PMID- 3914919 TI - [Evaluation of clinical efficacy and tolerance of bepridil in patients with effort-induced angina pectoris]. PMID- 3914920 TI - Congenital malaria at University of Calabar Teaching Hospital with reference to haemoglobin and immunoglobulin. PMID- 3914921 TI - Spinal cord monitoring: current status and new developments. AB - A review of current techniques and results of monitoring spinal cord function by the intraoperative testing of somatosensory evoked potentials is given. The criteria for an ideal monitoring method are defined: (1) potential alterations occur before the lesion is irreversible, (2) monitoring itself does not harm the patient, (3) there are no false-positive or false-negative results, (4) warning criteria are defined by objective and quantifiable parameters. In recording and stimulation, two different approaches are applied: cortical or spinal recording and peripheral or spinal stimulation. Spinal stimulation techniques are considered more invasive, but an averaged potential is obtained quicker and more reliably by spinal methods. Failure rates in establishing useful monitoring procedures vary between 2.85 and 5%. The N2O-analgesic-relaxant-type of anesthesia is recommended. A precise definition of criteria indicating spinal cord damage has been difficult because of the natural variability of intraoperative evoked potentials. Wide ranges of physiologic, anesthesiologic, and technical and surgical factors have been found to influence intraoperative potential monitoring adversely. The so-called warning criteria drawn from evoked potential changes have so far been set arbitrarily: amplitude reductions of 30 50% for several recordings or at least 15 minutes have mostly been used. It has become clear, however, that warning criteria should be different for healthy or impaired spinal cord function and for cortical and spinal recordings. The value of a lesion-specific spinal cord potential for monitoring remains to be clarified. SEPs are sensitive for demonstrating ischemic changes to the spinal cord, but the limited experience with these lesions does not allow firm conclusions regarding the reversibility of clinical and evoked potential changes in spinal cord ischemia in man. The limited experience with multilevel recording, i.e., simultaneously recording at spinal and cortical level, indicates that epidural recordings are less variable and less failure-prone than cortical recording. Simultaneous multilevel recording also gives more information and allows easier recognition of false-positive or false-negative results. Poor preoperative SEP nearly always preclude useful monitoring. The results obtained so far point out areas where further development is necessary in order to increase the efficacy of this method. Major unsolved problems are (1) definition of warning criteria, (2) incidence of false-positive and false-negative findings, and (3) improvement of data acquisition.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3914922 TI - [Dacryorhinostomy: Aubaret's technic]. PMID- 3914923 TI - [Our experience with the SRK formula for implant power calculation]. PMID- 3914924 TI - Low-density microfilaraemia in subperiodic bancroftian filariasis in Samoa. AB - Among microfilaria (mf) carriers of subperiodic bancroftian filariasis in Samoa, the low-density level of microfilaraemia was defined as 1-20 mf/ml, and the occurrence of low-density carriers (90 in the present study) was analysed by age, sex, and village in relation to the microfilarial prevalence rate. The low density carriers were more numerous among those under 20 years and over 60 years old than in other age groups. The ratio of low-density carriers to the total of mf-positive subjects in a village decreased as the prevalence rate of Wuchereria bancrofti in the village increased.The epidemiological significance of low density carriers was assessed in connection with the infectivity of vector mosquitos (Aedes polynesiensis) produced by them, the possible change of these carriers to carriers of a higher density, and the production of new low-density carriers by diethylcarbamazine citrate (DEC-C) treatment. The mosquito infectivity produced by the low-density carriers accounted for only 2.16% of the total infectivity produced by all the carriers, suggesting that these carriers are of minor importance in the transmission of filariasis. The change of microfilarial count over time among untreated mf-positive subjects was not remarkable during a 60-252-day observation period. However, the low-density carrier group showed a mean increase of 36%, the younger such carriers (under 30 years old) showing a 132% increase. The production of low-density carriers by DEC C single-dose treatment (6 mg/kg body weight) was not as great as expected. PMID- 3914925 TI - The efficacy of annual single-dose treatment with diethylcarbamazine citrate against diurnally subperiodic bancroftian filariasis in Samoa. AB - Treatment of subperiodic bancroftian filariasis, which is endemic in Samoa, with diethylcarbamazine citrate (DEC-C) in single doses of 4 mg/kg, 6 mg/kg, and 8 mg/kg body weight was evaluated using the nuclepore filtration method (with 1 ml blood) and compared in terms of efficacy against the microfilariae (mf) and side reactions produced. The 6 mg/kg single-dose treatment assessed at six months showed that the effect of DEC-C to eliminate microfilariae was closely associated with the pre-treatment microfilarial level. The treatment cured nearly 60% of the low-density carriers with /=501 mf/ml. However, the percentage decrease in the microfilarial count, which averaged 89.3%, did not seem to differ greatly according to the level of the pre treatment count. The age group 20-29 years showed a poorer response to the treatment compared with the other age groups. When the different dosage regimens (4 mg/kg, 6 mg/kg and 8 mg/kg) were compared at 6 and 12 months after treatment, the 6 mg/kg regimen was found to be more effective than the 4 mg/kg regimen in reducing the microfilarial count, and it produced fewer adverse reactions than the 8 mg/kg regimen. The comparison between the annual single-dose treatment at 6 mg/kg and the six-monthly two doses/year treatment at the same dosage (total 12 mg/kg/year) showed that the latter had little advantage over the former, thus indicating the effectiveness of the single-dose treatment for longer than six months. PMID- 3914927 TI - Active and inactive renin-like enzymes in the arterial wall of the spontaneously hypertensive rat. AB - Renin-like enzyme(s) in the arterial wall of the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) were activated markedly by either acidic pH or treatment of proteolytic enzymes (trypsin and glandular kallikrein). The highest concentration of renin like enzyme (active form) was localized in the renal artery (2.51 +/- 0.59 ng angiotensin I generated/mg of protein per h, mean +/- S.D.), followed by the mesenteric (1.58 +/- 0.31), the carotid (1.44 +/- 0.27) and the major aortic trunk (0.20 +/- 0.10), while the highest concentration of the inactive renin-like enzyme was localized in the major aortic trunk (0.97 +/- 0.18), followed by the carotid (0.72 +/- 0.41), the renal (0.71 +/- 0.31) and the mesenteric (0.60 +/- 0.29) arteries. In addition, the active renin-like activity from the mesenteric and the carotid arteries of SHR rats was higher significantly than that of age matched normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats, despite a similar concentration of total renin-like enzyme of the corresponding arteries of both groups. These results suggest that increased interconversion of the inactive to the active renin-like enzymes in the arterial wall of SHR rats may result in local vasospasm through generation of angiotensin II, which may contribute in part at least to systemic hypertension of SHR rats. PMID- 3914928 TI - Active and inactive renin in critically ill patients. AB - The relationship between active (A) and inactive (I) plasma renin concentrations (PRC) was examined in critically ill patients to test for intravascular renin activation in states of shock and tissue damage. Critically ill patients had significantly elevated APRC and lowered IPRC:APRC ratio compared with age and sex matched healthy subjects. IPRC in the critically ill was similar to the control group. During blood donation normal volunteers showed a twofold increase in APRC. The rise in APRC was proportionately greater than for IPRC, with a subsequent fall in IPRC:APRC ratio. In both critically ill patients and blood donors elevated APRC was associated with decreased IPRC:APRC ratio, consistent with either consumption of the inactive renin zymogen or preferential secretion of the active form. Individual critically ill patients displayed markedly depressed ratios but with only moderately elevated APRC, a pattern suggestive of intravascular renin activation. Consistent evidence for intravascular or extravascular activation of renin was not apparent. PMID- 3914929 TI - [The etiology of dental caries according to Scribonius Largus and the Latin physicians]. PMID- 3914926 TI - The efficacy of DPT and oral poliomyelitis immunization schedules initiated from birth to 12 weeks of age. PMID- 3914930 TI - [Improvement in the etching of enamel]. PMID- 3914931 TI - [Pliny and the teeth]. PMID- 3914932 TI - [Use of the immunofluorescent technic in the study of oral diseases and its clinical significance]. PMID- 3914933 TI - [Preliminary study of Nocardia and Streptococcus mutans in a carious oral cavity]. PMID- 3914934 TI - [Prevention of dental caries and the laser]. PMID- 3914935 TI - [Surgery of spontaneous pneumothorax]. PMID- 3914937 TI - The early history of xenobiotic sulfoxidation. PMID- 3914936 TI - History of drug metabolism: the first half of the 20th century. PMID- 3914939 TI - Mortality kinetics in toxicology studies. PMID- 3914938 TI - Biotransformation of phencyclidine. AB - PCP is metabolized extensively in the body via a variety of metabolic routes. Biotransformation is a major mechanism of PCP elimination in humans and termination of PCP action in mice. In general, PCP metabolites are less active pharmacologically than PCP itself. Primary metabolism involves hydroxylation of the alicyclic rings at several carbon atoms by cytochrome P-450-mediated monooxygenase. Hydroxylation of the aromatic ring seems to be less likely and has not been conclusively demonstrated. Hydroxylation of PCP at carbon 2 of the piperidine ring to form the unstable carbinolamine leads to formation of a series of polar, open-ring compounds. Monohydroxylated metabolites are conjugated with glucuronic or sulfuric acid, or are further hydroxylated to dihydroxy derivatives that can also be subject to conjugation. Formation of highly reactive electrophilic metabolites of PCP have been demonstrated in vitro in microsomal preparations. Covalent modification of tissue macromolecules by reactive intermediates can be responsible for suicide inactivation of cytochrome P-450 and can possibly mediate some long-term toxic effects of PCP. PCP inhaled by cigarette smoking is metabolized via similar routes. About 50% of the PCP in cigarette smoke is converted to PC, a major product of thermal degradation of PCP. PC and its hydroxylated and conjugated metabolites appear to contribute little to the pharmacology or acute toxicity of PCP. PMID- 3914940 TI - [The cooling effect of various spray systems in turbines and a high-speed angle handpieces]. PMID- 3914942 TI - [Bone atrophy due to dentures]. PMID- 3914941 TI - [Acid etching characteristics of fluoride-treated teeth]. PMID- 3914943 TI - [Studies of the needs of patients hospitalized in ICUs]. PMID- 3914944 TI - Metabolism in lymphocytes and its importance in the immune response. PMID- 3914946 TI - The ribosome: its evolutionary diversity and the functional role of one of its components. PMID- 3914947 TI - Gap junctions and cell-cell communication. PMID- 3914945 TI - Bioelectrochemistry. PMID- 3914948 TI - Role of the spleen in cell-mediated immunity. I. Abolition of specific sensitization to the H-Y antigen in female C57BL mice. PMID- 3914949 TI - Role of the spleen in cell-mediated immunity. II. The effect of syngeneic spleen cells on transplantation reactivity to the H-Y antigen in splenectomized female mice. PMID- 3914950 TI - [Maimonides and dentistry after eight hundred fifty years]. PMID- 3914951 TI - [New technics for provisional bridge construction in the masticatory quadrants]. PMID- 3914952 TI - [Personal technics for a 3-dimensional implant]. PMID- 3914953 TI - [Paleodontology. III]. PMID- 3914954 TI - [A clinical case resolved by the use of a variation of the Maryland bridge technic]. PMID- 3914955 TI - [Incidence of Candida albicans in removable denture wearers]. PMID- 3914956 TI - [Teeth of younger and older people perfectly copied in metalloceramic]. PMID- 3914958 TI - [The Klammt elastic expansion activator from a clinical and technical viewpoint]. PMID- 3914957 TI - [Mechanical strength of synthetic light-weight veneer frameworks]. PMID- 3914960 TI - [Training dental technicians. 29/2. Managing articulator programming]. PMID- 3914959 TI - [Galvanoplastic work-up. A new era in restorative dentistry?]. PMID- 3914961 TI - Computer-assisted instruction for intraoral radiography. Part I. Description of program. PMID- 3914962 TI - Computer-assisted instruction for intraoral radiography. Part II. Evaluation of program effectiveness. PMID- 3914963 TI - Diagnostic imaging in Sturge-Weber syndrome. PMID- 3914964 TI - Clinical efficacy of the Japanese acellular pertussis vaccine after intrafamiliar exposure to pertussis patients. AB - A major increase in the number of pertussis cases was observed subsequent to the complete discontinuation of mass-immunization against the disease in Aichi Prefecture in central Japan. The discontinuation of DTP vaccine started in 1975 and lasted for five years. Since 1978, epidemics of pertussis were observed in children mainly in the unvaccinated age groups. The outbreaks continued in the following year and subsided in 1980 when vaccination was reintroduced. Since 1981 newly developed acellular pertussis vaccines have been used for mass immunization. The incidence of pertussis has remained low and no epidemics of the disease have been observed among children vaccinated with the new vaccines. During the epidemics in Aichi Prefecture, the protective efficacy of the new vaccines were studied in 21 vaccinees with intrafamiliar exposure to the disease. Clinical observations showed that the vaccine reduced the attack rate of pertussis after household contacts from 85% to 9.5%. It was concluded that the vaccine effectively prevented pertussis. PMID- 3914965 TI - Effect of proteolytic enzymes, storage and reduction on the structure and biological activity of pertussigen, a toxin from Bordetella pertussis. AB - Pertussigen (Ptx), referred to by many different names, including pertussis toxin, was separated into five polypeptide subunits by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) using a discontinuous Tris-glycine buffer system. Under non-reducing conditions, the apparent molecular weights of the polypeptides (mean 10(-3)) were: S1 (26.3), S2 (24.4), S3 (22.7), S4 (12.2), and S5 (11.3). Under reducing conditions, the apparent molecular weights (mean 10(-3)) were: S1 (28.2), S2 (24.8), S3 (24.3), S4 (12.2) and S5 (13.9). The identity of the individual polypeptide subunits was further confirmed by their unique two-dimensional peptide maps. The polypeptides which showed an apparent increase in molecular weight under reducing conditions were those previously found to contain at least two cysteine residues. Reducing conditions also altered the reactivity of S3 and S2 to polyclonal rabbit antibody in electrophoretic transfer (Western) blot analysis. When Ptx was stored in solution at 4 degrees C, S1 and S5 underwent a gradual decrease in apparent molecular weight, as judged by SDS-PAGE. This decrease occurred in three different buffer systems, and was similar to a decrease in apparent molecular weight of S1 and S5 after treatment with the proteolytic enzymes subtilisin or proteinase K. Neither the changes due to storage nor proteolysis affected the activity of Ptx in regard to hemagglutination, lymphocytosis promotion or histamine sensitization. These changes did, however appear to modify the reactivity of S5 in the Western blot. Both the "endogenous" and enzyme-induced changes in S1 and S5 could be stopped by phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride. These data suggest that S1 and S5 have exposed determinants in the intact Ptx molecule which are readily cleaved by proteases, but have little bearing on the biological activity of the intact molecule. Resistance to inactivation by proteolytic cleavage may help explain the long duration of Ptx activity within in vivo biological systems. PMID- 3914966 TI - [The Italian experience on the thrombolysis of myocardial infarct. Considerations on data from the Italian Group for the Testing of Streptokinase in Infarct]. PMID- 3914967 TI - Klebocin typing of Klebsiella pneumoniae. PMID- 3914968 TI - An outbreak of Salmonella typhimurium infection in a paediatric ward. PMID- 3914969 TI - A correlative study of alpha-1-antitrypsin and hepatitis B surface antigen in conventional paraffin sections of chronic liver diseases. PMID- 3914970 TI - Salmonella meningitis in children. PMID- 3914971 TI - Spectrum of inhibitory activity of klebocins. PMID- 3914972 TI - Epidemiology of Klebsiella pneumoniae: post operative wound sepsis. PMID- 3914973 TI - [The tooth in the work of Emile Zola. "Les Rougon-Macquart"]. PMID- 3914974 TI - [Current status of the principle suture materials and technics in periodontics with particular reference to free grafts]. PMID- 3914975 TI - [Inhibition of the growth of Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae with saliva containing miconazole in vitro]. PMID- 3914976 TI - [Bacteriostatic activity and salivary and blood protein interactions of midecamycin, a macrolide of dental importance]. PMID- 3914977 TI - [The Maryland bridge: a conservative denture with a "low biological price"]. PMID- 3914978 TI - [Basocellular carcinoma of the face. II (surgical therapy)]. PMID- 3914979 TI - [Judicious technics for the preparation of threaded dies in fixed dentures]. PMID- 3914980 TI - [Relation of periodontal pocket depth to the level of crevicular fluid measured by the Periotron]. PMID- 3914981 TI - [Origin and development of Patavine dentistry from the Renaissance to the Enlightenment]. PMID- 3914982 TI - [Evaluation of th long-term durability of cast crowns and posts prepared in a general dental practice]. PMID- 3914983 TI - [Evaluation of the long-term durability of pontics and crowns under frameworks prepared in a general dental practice]. PMID- 3914984 TI - Massive incrustation on silicone ureteral stent: a severe complication. AB - We report the first case of unilateral, upper tract obstruction secondary to incrustation and stone formation on a silicone double-J ureteral stent. We believe that the main cause of this complication was the neurological bladder dysfunction of the patient coupled with urinary tract infection. PMID- 3914985 TI - Transient impairment of tubular reabsorption of calcium (TRCa) after renal transplantation. AB - TRCa calculations (using the values of plasma ultrafiltrable Ca and urinary Ca) revealed impaired renal Ca handling in 14/32 patients with transplanted kidneys. TRCa improved in relationship with the increment in renal transplant function, and was within the normal range in all patients with GFR above 50 ml/min. There was a positive correlation between serum Ca and TRCa; hypocalcaemia was found in 9 patients and hypercalcaemia in 3. In the majority of hypocalcaemic patients TRCa impairment was discovered, however, pathologically decreased serum Ca values were found in only one half of the patients with impaired TRCa. In most hypocalcaemic patients the concomitant renal transplant insufficiency, hyperphosphataemia and/or insufficient dietary Ca intake seemed likely to have contributed to serum Ca depletion. PMID- 3914986 TI - Antibiotics Literature Index-- a select bibliography. PMID- 3914987 TI - Microbial transformation of beta-lactam antibiotics: enzymes from bacteria, sources and study--a sum up. PMID- 3914988 TI - Nerve growth factors and molecules of the extracellular matrix in neuronal development. AB - The survival of developing neurons is epigenetically regulated by trophic factors. Only one such protein, the nerve growth factor (NGF) has been shown to act in vivo, where it supports the survival of neural-crest-derived sensory and sympathetic neurons. Recently, however, other proteins have been isolated and shown to support the survival of cultured neurons. Furthermore, in addition to the effects of soluble trophic factors, proteins of the extracellular matrix are also able to modulate neuronal survival. Analysis of the basal lamina protein, laminin, shows that when used as a culture substrate it stimulates neurite outgrowth and potentiates neuronal survival via a site associated with its heparin binding domain. On proteolytic cleavage of laminin, however, a cryptic site is unmasked that can also promote neuronal survival and neurite growth. The properties of this cryptic site indicate that it may be similar to that of the laminin-like molecule synthesized by Schwann cells, which although recognized by anti-laminin antibodies is not inhibited by them. PMID- 3914989 TI - In vivo aspects of urogastrone-epidermal growth factor. AB - Recent evidence indicates that human urogastrone-epidermal growth factor originates in submandibular and Brunner's glands and that serum levels are low (less than 1 ng ml-1). It occurs in many secreted fluids to a much greater extent and many tissues are thus exposed to concentrations greater than 100 ng ml-1. Rapid actions in vivo of URO-EGF include the ability to inhibit gastric acid secretion at low doses (250 ng kg h-1 in humans) and to provide cytoprotective effects against ulcerogenic agents (250 ng kg h-1 in cats). More prolonged exposure of tissues shows increases in parameters related to wound healing, beneficial effects upon ulceration and also the ability to accelerate crypt cell production rate along the gastrointestinal tract. Synthetic material has been prepared with an identical structure to the natural URO-EGF thus enabling detailed studies of the biological effects to be pursued. PMID- 3914990 TI - The LDL receptor and the regulation of cellular cholesterol metabolism. PMID- 3914991 TI - The use of anti-synthetic peptide antibodies to study the v-erb B protein from chicken and rat cells transformed by avian erythroblastosis virus. AB - Two site-specific anti-peptide antisera have been produced that efficiently recognize the native form of the v-erb B protein from avian erythroblastosis virus (AEV)-infected chicken erythroblasts and fibroblasts, and from AEV transformed mammalian cells. Since the antibodies were generated against synthetic sequences, the immunoprecipitations could be performed in the presence or absence of immunizing peptide, permitting the specifically precipitated proteins to be identified from background non-specifically adsorbed proteins. We confirmed that immobilized v-erb B protein from cell lysates of unlabelled AEV infected chicken erythroblasts became labelled upon incubation with [gamma 32P]ATP. In addition we demonstrated for the first time that v-erb B from mammalian cells became labelled under the same conditions. These results suggest that the v-erb B protein may possess intrinsic kinase activity. The reagents described should permit further investigations as to whether this activity plays a role in maintaining cellular transformation. PMID- 3914993 TI - The role of stromal cells and growth factors in haemopoiesis and modulation of their effects by the src oncogene. AB - In the haemopoietic system the mature blood cells have only a finite lifetime. For example, a circulating granulocyte in the peripheral blood has an approximate half-life of 7 h (Cartwright, Athens & Wintrobe, 1964; Dancey, Dubelbeiss, Harker & Finch, 1976) whilst the lifetime of an erythrocyte is approximately 120 days (Wickramasinghe & Weatherall, 1982). This constant 'death' of mature functional haemopoietic cells means that new blood cells must replace those that are removed. The process of haemopoiesis provides the mature functional blood cells to replace those lost as a consequence of performing their biological functions (e.g. lymphocytes and macrophages in the immune response) or through apparent old age and breakdown (e.g. erythrocytes that are 110-120 days old). The major questions that we are required to answer about this process are 'where do all these new cells come from?', 'what regulates their production?' and 'how is this mechanism of control lost in haemopoietic disorders such as leukaemia, hyperproliferative diseases and anaemias?'. Recent work in the field of haemopoiesis has given some clues to the answers to the questions, which provide an intriguing insight into not only haemopoiesis itself but the possible lesions associated with the various blood disorders. PMID- 3914992 TI - The conformation of insulin-like growth factors: relationships with insulins. AB - The insulin-like growth factors and hystricomorph insulins have been modelled by interactive computer graphics on the assumption that their sequence homology to insulin implies that they will have a similar tertiary structure. These studies suggest that, although the insulin-related molecules can adopt the insulin fold, they are unlikely to form hexamers and if they form dimers they will be of reduced stability. The non-suppressibility of insulin-like growth factors by anti insulin antibodies is explained in terms of differences of surface residues in the region A8-A10 and B1-B5. Receptor affinity of insulins and insulin-like growth factors for insulin receptors is explicable in terms of a receptor-binding site in the vicinity of B25 Phe on the insulin surface. An equivalent region around B25 Tyr of insulin-like growth factors may be responsible for their binding to type 1 receptors, although binding type 2 receptors must involve a different surface region not shared by insulin. PMID- 3914994 TI - [Clinical studies of the bonded bridge with special reference to the periodontal tissues of the abutment teeth]. PMID- 3914995 TI - [Clinico-statistical studies of geriatric patients in the Prosthodontic Clinic of Asahi University Hospital]. PMID- 3914996 TI - Implications in the control of malaria vectors with insecticides in tropical countries of South East Asia. Part. I. Insecticide resistance. PMID- 3914997 TI - Malaria transmission studies in Jepara and Wonosobo regencies Central Java, Indonesia, during 1981-82. PMID- 3914998 TI - Lidocaine reduces intravenous diazepam pain. AB - We studied 41 consecutive patients receiving intravenous (IV) diazepam in the preoperative holding area to evaluate whether low-dose IV lidocaine could ameliorate pain of the diazepam injection. In a double-blind trial we found 1 cc of 1% lidocaine effective versus placebo at lowering the incidence of pain from 80% to 5% (P less than .001) and recommend its routine use as an antecedent to IV diazepam. PMID- 3914999 TI - Spontaneous clostridial myonecrosis. AB - Spontaneous clostridial myonecrosis (SCM) is an uncommon but frequently fatal tissue infection. The case report and review of the literature here provide some insight into the pathophysiology of this entity and clinical settings with which it is associated. It is hoped that this discussion will increase the reader's familiarity with SCM and provide clues that will lead to earlier diagnosis and more effective treatment. PMID- 3915000 TI - Hepatic encephalopathy. AB - Hepatic encephalopathy is a disease seen in this country most often secondary to the ravages of alcoholic liver disease. Although its presentation may be acute, fulminant, and obvious, it can also occur in a more subtle and less virulent form. Early recognition and aggressive intervention may alter the course of this disease. PMID- 3915001 TI - [A bead-type retention device for light cured resins]. PMID- 3915002 TI - [A repaired posterior restorative composite resin filling compared to the posterior restorative composite resin]. PMID- 3915003 TI - [Bond strength of laminated alginate impression materials]. PMID- 3915004 TI - [A case of oral dyskinesia induced by dentures]. PMID- 3915005 TI - Effect of repeated lepromin testing on experimental nine-banded armadillo leprosy. AB - Twenty-eight armadillos were lepromin tested and infected with M. leprae; 18 intravenously and 10 intradermally. The lepromin test was repeated after 3 months and at intervals of 6 months thereafter until their death or sacrifice up to 30 months. The one animal with tuberculoid lepromin was resistant and 14 of the 16 with lepromatous lepromin developed generalized disease. Of the 11 with borderline lepromin, 6 developed disseminated disease and 5 were resistant. There is a definite relationship between resistance and tuberculoid lepromin in the armadillo. Repeated lepromin testing had no effect in the rate of infection and the course of the disease in animals infected intravenously. In the intradermally infected animals the results were inconclusive. Whereas all the 20 animals with disseminated disease showed lesions in the liver, spleen and lymph nodes, only 4 animals had sciatic nerve involvement. Peripheral nerve trunk is not necessarily the preferred site in the armadillo. Lung lesions were an important cause of death in lepromatous armadillos. PMID- 3915007 TI - Computerized mathematical model of M. leprae population dynamics during multiple drug therapy. AB - A computerized mathematical model of M. leprae populations during multiple drug therapy (MDT) was constructed. Relevant published information available to date was fed into it, and reasoned assumptions were made. From the model, it seems likely that MDT steadily selects bacteria resistant to the most powerful of the three drugs used: unless the individual bactericidal potencies of the drugs balance one another. If the drugs used have differing potencies, cure probably hinges on treatment being continued until all metabolically active bacteria are killed. Withdrawal of treatment before that could lead to relapse with bacteria resistant to the most powerful of the drugs used. PMID- 3915006 TI - Growth of Mycobacterium leprae in a redox system: II. Further improvements in the system and growth efficiency. AB - Improvement of the Redox System for growth of M. leprae as brought about by modification in the concentration and mode of preparation of individual media constituents, and by addition of newer substances, is being reported. A structural modification in the construction of the Thunberg's tubes and flasks that are used as culture vessels, has been introduced for ease of handling. Vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) has been found to be useful. Concentrations of Liposomes and Gelatin in the medium could be reduced by at least five folds, considerably easing thereby smearing and harvesting of cultures. Dimercaptopropanol British Anti-lewisite or BAL) has been used, but its usefulness or otherwise is yet to be determined conclusively. The basis of intracellular parasitism of M. leprae has been discussed. PMID- 3915008 TI - Studies on healthy contacts of leprosy patients--a preliminary report. AB - 91 healthy contacts of leprosy patients were studied for subclinical infection and possibly the pre-clinical stage of the disease using a battery of tests. It was observed that the test based on competitive inhibition of monoclonal antibody binding to the MY2 a determinant of M. leprae identifies a preclinical stage of the disease. PMID- 3915009 TI - Involvement of tongue in leprosy. PMID- 3915010 TI - Thalidomide in leprosy and some dermatological conditions--a review. PMID- 3915011 TI - The TUTOR, a software package for educational computing. AB - Computer Assisted Instruction (CAI) is an effective method of imparting factual knowledge relating to the practice of medicine. Unfortunately educational software remains scarse and expensive or lacks flexibility. This paper introduces a software package that permits continuing medical education and self assessment by Multiple Choice Question exercises. The questions are first written to a text file with an easy-to-use editor. The programs are written in BASIC and hardware prerequisite are a desk-top computer with 32K of CPU memory and a dual floppy disk drive. PMID- 3915012 TI - Clinical and microbiological evaluation of therapy for juvenile periodontitis. AB - Eight patients (mean age 15.6 yrs) with severe molar-incisor bone loss and pocket formation characteristic of juvenile periodontitis were entered into a clinical protocol of three sequential stages: scaling and root planing (S/RP); S/RP concurrent with systemic tetracycline therapy (1 gm/day for 28 days); periodontal surgery concurrent with systemic tetracycline therapy. Clinical and microbiological examinations were scheduled at baseline, at 1 to 2 months after Stage I, at 1 to 2 months after completion of tetracycline therapy in Stages II and III, and during recall. A decision to progress to the next stage or to place the patient on a 3-month recall was based solely on clinical findings (suppuration, bleeding upon probing and pocket depth) at the deepest site in each patient. Paperpoint subgingival plaque samples from representative affected sites were analyzed for percentage of total cultivable microflora composed of black pigmented Bacteroides species (BPB), surface translocating bacteria (STB) and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (Aa). At baseline, all sites bled to probing, seven of eight sites showed suppuration, and deepest pocket depths averaged 8.0 mm. STB were detected in one and BPB in four sites, respectively, and all sites demonstrated Aa, which constituted approximately 40% of the total cultivable flora. S/RP alone had essentially no effect on either clinical or microbiological findings, and all patients progressed to Stage II. Five went on to Stage III. S/RP with tetracycline was clinically and microbiologically more effective at sites in which Aa was predominant. Surgery was required in all sites containing high levels of both BPB and Aa. These results suggest that microbiological diagnosis may be useful in selecting and monitoring treatment for juvenile periodontitis. PMID- 3915013 TI - Healing of spontaneous periodontal defects in dogs treated with xenogeneic demineralized bone. AB - This study was undertaken to histologically, clinically and radiographically evaluate the sequence of healing following implantation of bovine demineralized bone powder (DBP) into severe, spontaneous periodontal defects in beagle dogs. Eight dogs with documented severe periodontitis were treated surgically following initial debridement. One quadrant in each arch was treated with conventional flap surgery and the others were treated with surgery followed by DBP implantation. Animals received postoperative debridement and clinical and radiographic evaluation. Two dogs were sacrificed at 1, 3, 6 or 12 months postoperatively, and the jaws were evaluated histologically. Clinically, DBP was well tolerated by recipients. No evidence of localized inflammatory response or delayed hypersensitivity reaction was noted. Significant reductions in gingival inflammation were noted in both experimental and control sites at 1 month postoperatively compared to preoperative scores. Equivalent periodontal pocket reduction was noted between test and experimental sites and remained significant at 12 months. Radiographically, no differences were noted in the rate of bone loss between control and test sites. Histologic evaluation demonstrated the presence of DBP at 1 month following implantation, but the material was replaced with new bone by the next sacrifice period. Periodontal ligament fibers of standard orientation were seen extending from DBP-induced bone to the root surface by 1 month after implantation. An intact epithelial attachment appeared to be present 1 month after the implantation of DBP. No differences in root surfaces were detected between test and control groups. Ankylosis was a rare finding, noted equally between test and control sites. DBP did not appear to predispose to external root resorption. In later stages, histologic evidence of advancing periodontitis was noted equally in both control and experimental groups. While DBP successfully induced new bone formation, the inability to adequately maintain the periodontal tissues due to bacterial accumulation in this model combined with recurrent pocket formation, precluded any conclusion regarding long-term advantage. Based on these findings, clinical trials of this or similar materials are recommended. PMID- 3915014 TI - A modification of the "curtain technique" incorporating an internal mattress suture. AB - An internal mattress suture is described for suturing labial papillae to palatal flaps when using the "curtain technique." The suture is simple to perform and does not violate the intact labial sulci. It gives stability to both the labial papillae and palatal flap while maintaining maximum esthetic results. PMID- 3915015 TI - [Nuclear magnetic resonance in biochemistry]. PMID- 3915017 TI - Head injury and diving: a review. PMID- 3915016 TI - Spinal cord decompression sickness: a review of the pathology and some new findings. PMID- 3915018 TI - [An experimental study on the effect of pontic base surfaces of fixed partial dentures on the alveolar mucosa]. PMID- 3915019 TI - [Effect of contact points on the dental arch as seen in Modal analysis]. PMID- 3915020 TI - [Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in a multi-transfused patient with aplastic anemia]. PMID- 3915021 TI - [Multiple liver abscesses in four cases of acute leukemia]. PMID- 3915022 TI - [Plasma exchange and corticosteroid therapy in the treatment of bullous pemphigoid]. PMID- 3915023 TI - [Current studies of the artificial heart in Japan and overseas]. PMID- 3915024 TI - [Progress in artificial liver for blood purification]. PMID- 3915025 TI - [Current status of a hybrid artificial pancreas]. PMID- 3915026 TI - [Microencapsulation of Langerhans cells to be used as an artificial pancreas]. PMID- 3915027 TI - [Possibilities of long-term use of a biohybrid endocrine pancreas]. PMID- 3915028 TI - [personalized dialysis and computer application]. PMID- 3915029 TI - [The development of ultrasonic microscopy and its biomedical application]. PMID- 3915030 TI - Production of potent immunoglobulins by group A streptococcus for antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity in mice. AB - Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) through serum, which was obtained from B6D2F1 mice pretreated with heated group A streptococci, and spleen cells of normal B6D2F1 mice was examined for different kinds of mouse tumor cell line by using methods to estimate specific 51Cr-release from each 51Cr-labeled target cells. Serum obtained from mice 14 days after the injection with heated streptococci was evidently potent to cause ADCC for all tumor cells tested. When the experiments were carried out under the condition which E/T ratio is 50:1, specific 51Cr-release from each target cells were about 32% for L1210 cells, about 12% for MOPC 31C cells, and about 23% for MH 134 and about 10% for P 388 cells, respectively. Meanwhile, serum obtained from either BCG-injected mice or normal mice was not so much potent for these tumor cells. Experiments to identify immunoglobulin subclasses participating in antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxic reactions clearly showed that only IgG2a immunoglobulin was effective to induce cytotoxic reaction. All classes or subclasses of serum immunoglobulins from mice pretreated with group A streptococci were estimated using single radial immunodiffusion plates which were incorporated with monospecific rabbit antiserum for each classes or subclasses. Results showed that either IgM or IgG2a levels were significantly increased 7 days and 14 days after the injection, but other immunoglobulin classes or subclasses did not. A possible consideration on the production of immunoglobulin to cause ADCC in mice treated with heated streptococci was discussed. PMID- 3915031 TI - Separation of hemolytic substances from anticancer preparations of hemolytic streptococci. AB - Preparations 60F and 50F isolated from the cell-free extract of anticancer hemolytic streptococci possessed not only anticancer activity but hemolytic activity. Thus, the experiment to separate hemolytic substances from 60F and 50F were carried out. Three kinds of fractions were obtained from 60F or 50F by dissolving them in ammonium sulfate solutions of various concentrations. These fractions were named 60F-I, 60F-II and 60F-III, and 50F-I, 50F-II and 50F-III, respectively. 60F-I and 50F-I possessed neither anticancer activity nor hemolytic activity. 60F-II and 50F-II possessed only anticancer activity, and 60F-III and 50F-III possessed only hemolytic activity. Thus, hemolytic substances were separated from 60F and 50F, and it was demonstrated that the anticancer activity of hemolytic streptococci was not due to their hemolysins or hemolytic activity. PMID- 3915032 TI - [Jundo Ikoda and the first cesarean section in Japan]. PMID- 3915033 TI - [Lessons from predecessors in midwifery. 3. Ms. Kazue Makita who practiced midwifery for 50 years. Interview by Y. Shirai]. PMID- 3915034 TI - [Changes in midwifery practice. 8. The members of the committee formulating the legislative measure concerning public health nursing, midwifery, and nursing]. PMID- 3915035 TI - [Psychological evaluations of patients with psychogenic impotence]. PMID- 3915036 TI - [Gross-reactivity between various tumors and streptococcus preparation, OK-432]. PMID- 3915037 TI - [Early detection of drug induced nephrotoxicity--cisplatin nephrotoxicity]. PMID- 3915038 TI - [Studies on the detection and resistance transfer of transferable and non transferable plasmids in clinically-isolated strains of Serratia marcescens]. PMID- 3915040 TI - Analysis of the immunological mechanisms in the F1 hybrid anti-parental reactivity, and detection of a new minor histocompatibility 42(H-42) locus by F1 cytotoxic T lymphocytes generated under the condition of graft-versus-host reaction. PMID- 3915039 TI - [The clinical study on living related kidney transplantation: improvement of graft survival]. PMID- 3915041 TI - [Metoprolol in acute myocardial infarction--clinical effect and tolerance]. PMID- 3915043 TI - [Value of echocardiography in ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 3915042 TI - [Hormonal studies in cardiovascular diseases. II]. PMID- 3915044 TI - [Clinical studies of the effectiveness of captopril in the treatment of chronic circulatory insufficiency]. PMID- 3915045 TI - [Evaluation of the effectiveness and tolerance of the preparation Craviten]. PMID- 3915046 TI - [Introduction to the 14th Retinology Symposium]. PMID- 3915047 TI - Dramatic manifestations of filarial infection (W. bancrofti). PMID- 3915049 TI - Ribonucleotide reductase activity during the senescence of normal human diploid fibroblasts in culture. AB - Changes in ribonucleotide reductase occur during the senescence of normal human diploid fibroblasts in culture. Enzyme activity is significantly lower in cells and extracts at high mean population doublings (MPD) as compared to fibroblasts at low MPD. Although many of the kinetic properties of the enzyme remain unaltered in cells at high MPD, changes in the extent and kinetic mechanism of inhibition of CDP and ADP reductase activity by dATP, the overall negative effector of ribonucleotide reductase, were observed. These results and a previous observation that the four deoxyribonucleotide pools are markedly altered during in vitro senescence of human diploid fibroblasts, provide evidence for a link between ribonucleotide reduction, deoxyribonucleotide pools, and the establishment of the non-proliferative or senescent state. PMID- 3915050 TI - Problems arising between physicians in private practice and medicare. PMID- 3915048 TI - Macrophage phagocytosis and membrane fluidity in mice: the effect of age and dietary protein. AB - Male C57BL/6NNia mice were used to investigate the effects of age and dietary protein intake on Fc and C3b receptor-mediated phagocytosis and on membrane fluidity. Six-month-old (adult) and 24-month-old (aged) mice were fed a 6% or 25% protein diet for 3, 5, or 6 weeks at which time thioglycollate elicited peritoneal macrophages were isolated. Both binding of IgG-coated sheep red blood cells to the macrophages and ingestion via the Fc-receptor were identical in all 4 groups after 3 and 6 weeks of feeding but were decreased at 5 weeks in the aged animals fed 6% protein. Phagocytosis via the C3b receptor was not depressed in either age group fed the low protein diet; it was, however, augmented significantly in the aged animals fed the 25% protein diet for 5 and 6 weeks. Membrane fluidity of the plasma membrane outer hemileaflet was monitored with an impermeant fluorescent probe. No changes were observed between adult and aged mice maintained up to 6 weeks on the diets. PMID- 3915051 TI - [The List of Hospital Vagrants. From the history of the State Hospital in Novi Sad]. PMID- 3915052 TI - [Juvenile periodontitis. Critical analysis of the literature]. PMID- 3915053 TI - [The construction of a lower denture from the form of the neutral zone in the edentulous mouth]. PMID- 3915054 TI - [Rochette bridges: clinical results after 5 years]. PMID- 3915055 TI - [Simulation of patient management in dental education. I. Patient management problems]. PMID- 3915057 TI - Sheep consumption: a possible source of spongiform encephalopathy in humans. AB - A fatal spongiform encephalopathy of sheep and goats (scrapie) shares many characteristics with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), a similar dementing illness of humans. To investigate the possibility that CJD is acquired by ingestion of contaminated sheep products, we collected information on production, slaughtering practices, and marketing of sheep in Pennsylvania. The study revealed that sheep were usually marketed before central nervous system signs of scrapie are expected to appear; breeds known to be susceptible to the disease were the most common breeds raised in the area; sheep were imported from other states including those with a high frequency of scrapie; use of veterinary services on the sheep farms investigated and, hence, opportunities to detect the disease were limited; sheep producers in the area knew little about scrapie despite the fact that the disease has been reported in the area, and animal organs including sheep organs were sometimes included in processed food. Therefore, it was concluded that in Pennsylvania there are some 'weak links' through which scrapie-infected animals could contaminate human food, and that consumption of these foods could perhaps account for spongiform encephalopathy in humans. The weak links observed are probably not unique to Pennsylvania. PMID- 3915056 TI - An historical perspective on behavioral teratology. AB - Behavioral Teratology as it exists today is viewed as having developed from the combination of theory and test methods from Developmental Psychology with the principles of morphological examination and an orientation toward public health issues from Teratology. In the recent past, the search for useful screening methods for safety evaluation has used two basic strategies: (1) having tests chosen by the consensus of experts in the field or through surveys of tests actually used in Behavioral Teratology; and (2) exploring the utility of test procedures in small, informal interlaboratory reliability studies. Neither of these approaches succeeded in identifying appropriate screening methods; rather, these attempts have made clear the need for research efforts specifically directed at test selection and interlaboratory reliability. PMID- 3915058 TI - Diclofensine and imipramine. A double-blind comparative trial in depressive out patients. AB - Sixty out-patients with different nosological types of depression were assigned at random to three different treatment groups and were treated under double-blind conditions for 6 weeks. Two groups received diclofensine in capsules of either 15 or 25 mg, and a third group received capsules with imipramine 25 mg. The dosage schedule provided an initial dose of 2 capsules/day which was to be gradually increased up to a maximum dose of 9 capsules/day. The daily mean dosages actually given over the entire trial period were 64.0 mg diclofensine for group I, 97.6 mg diclofensine for group II, and 102.9 mg imipramine for group III. All treatment groups showed a good improvement of the patients' clinical states within the 6 week period, but the imipramine-treated patients improved more slowly than the diclofensine-treated patients. This was demonstrated by the mean total scores of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). Evaluation of different factors of the HDRS yielded differences between the two drugs in favour of diclofensine for the factor 'inhibition' from the end of week 1 until the end of week 3 and for the factor 'somatic complaints' during week 3. Side effects were - dose dependently - less frequent, less severe, and lasted shorter in the diclofensine treated patients than in the imipramine-treated ones. The most frequently reported side effects in the diclofensine-treated patients were dry mouth, insomnia, dizziness, and agitation. In the imipramine group side effects were mainly dry mouth, tremor, dizziness, and sleepiness. In conclusion, this study shows an impressively faster onset of efficacy of diclofensine over imipramine, a finding which should be replicated by further studies. PMID- 3915059 TI - Drugs as research tools in psychology: cholinergic drugs and aggression. AB - A review of studies using cholinergic drugs as tools to investigate the neural mechanisms mediating affective and predatory aggressive behaviour reveals that the same two cholinergic systems are involved with both sorts of behaviour. There is a brain muscarinic system initiating aggression and a nicotinic system which inhibits aggressive behaviour. This evidence suggests that there could be two possible forms of cholinergic therapy for aggression, cholinolytics and nicotinic agonists. These possibilities are discussed. PMID- 3915060 TI - Pennsylvania Medical Society. 1985 membership directory. PMID- 3915061 TI - [25th anniversary of the work of Janusz Ignatowski as chief of the Regional Hospital for Pediatric surgery in Koszalin]. PMID- 3915062 TI - [Closed injuries of the urethra in boys]. PMID- 3915064 TI - [Neural tube defects (spina bifida and anencephaly) in Brittany]. AB - We report a clinical analysis of 327 cases of Spina Bifida and 102 cases of Anencephaly in Brittany. Maternal age, parity, birth weight are not different from random population. Male rate is 0.40 for Anencephaly and 0.50 for Spina Bifida. The study of pregnancies shows an increased frequency of hydramnios during anencephaly pregnancies (0.34) and high rate of abnormalities during the pregnancy of Spina Bifida (0.34) or Anencephaly (0.86). Four mothers of Spina Bifida were taking valproic acid. Thirty children (0.07) had other malformations. PMID- 3915063 TI - [Infantile cortical hyperostosis of the scapula]. PMID- 3915065 TI - [Value of computerized tomocisternography in the diagnosis of progressive internal hydrocephalus]. PMID- 3915066 TI - [Osteopoikilosis--a rare developmental anomaly and its significance in clinical oncology]. PMID- 3915067 TI - [Usefulness of ultrasonic diagnosis with simultaneous hormonal diagnosis of ovulation]. PMID- 3915068 TI - [Effectiveness of morphological urography in neoplasms of the genital organs]. PMID- 3915069 TI - [Combined effect of long-term and acute exposure to ionizing radiation on the proliferation of bone marrow cells in mice]. PMID- 3915070 TI - [Sonographic diagnosis of abdominal diseases--a comparative study with suggestions in regard to diagnostic procedures adapted for health care in developing countries]. PMID- 3915071 TI - [Evaluation of the usefulness of the Planicon, a flat intensifier of the roentgenographic image]. PMID- 3915072 TI - [A model of the heart for radioisotope studies]. PMID- 3915073 TI - [Status of French neuroradiology]. PMID- 3915074 TI - [Advances in the radiologic diagnosis of ameloblastoma with particular reference to computerized tomography]. PMID- 3915075 TI - [Rhabdomyosarcoma of soft tissues in children: personal observations]. PMID- 3915076 TI - [Evaluation of left-ventricular function in mitral valve prolapse syndrome based on hemodynamic and ventriculographic studies]. PMID- 3915077 TI - [Ultrasonic examination of lymph nodes]. PMID- 3915078 TI - [Evaluation of the efficiency of femoral vein valves based on the ascending and descending phlebography]. PMID- 3915079 TI - [Ultrasonography of the transplanted kidney]. PMID- 3915080 TI - [Diagnostic and surgical problems of injuries of the kidneys with double arterial vascularization]. PMID- 3915081 TI - [Evaluation of internal and external exposure to ionizing radiation in nuclear medicine and radiotherapy departments]. PMID- 3915082 TI - [Evaluation of radiological risk related to angiographic examinations]. PMID- 3915083 TI - [A catheter of our design for long-term percutaneous and transhepatic drainage of the bile ducts]. PMID- 3915084 TI - [Radiological and sonographic picture of emphysematous cholecystitis]. PMID- 3915085 TI - [Ultrasonic examination of the thyroid]. PMID- 3915086 TI - [Clinical studies of Gore-Tex vascular prostheses. A review of the literature]. AB - Reconstruction of arterial and venous vessels by means of polyester and teflon vascular prostheses gives unsatisfactory distant results. Three-year long observations show that only 50% are satisfactory. The best results are achieved when autogenous veins are grafted. It is estimated, however, that in 15-30% of cases the veins are useless as prosthetic material because of various pathological changes. New types of vascular prostheses have to be searched for, such that would meet all requirements. In the end of the 1970 the Gore Firm worked out a unique technological process of making vascular prostheses of pure, distensible or reinforced polytetrafluoroethylene, porous in structure. In 1970 such prostheses, named Gore-Tex, were subjected to experimental studies. The present paper discusses first publications on the prostheses, the publications included ample statistic material and discussed perspectives in vascular surgery that the new type of vascular prostheses opens. PMID- 3915087 TI - Diseases causing fetal and neonatal ascites. AB - Causes of fetal ascites are reviewed, and 3 new cases are reported. A protocol is suggested for intrauterine investigation of the spectrum of diseases causing fetal ascites. There is some overlap with causes of hydrops fetalis. PMID- 3915088 TI - Primitive cystic hepatic neoplasm of infancy with mesothelial differentiation: report of a case. AB - A malignant cystic neoplasm in the liver of a 6-month-old girl is reported. The neoplasm has unique clinical and morphological features, and despite ultrastructural and immunohistochemical studies, the tumor could not be clearly classified as any known primary hepatic neoplasm of infancy. A differentiated cystic component of the neoplasm had features of cystic peritoneal mesothelioma. Alpha-1-antitrypsin and alpha-fetoprotein were demonstrated in solid, anaplastic portions of the recurrent tumor by immunohistochemistry. The neoplasm recurred after surgical resection and proved fatal 11 months following diagnosis, despite multiple courses of chemotherapy. PMID- 3915089 TI - [40 years in the service of prophylaxis]. PMID- 3915090 TI - Catecholamine metabolism: basic aspects and clinical significance. PMID- 3915091 TI - Disposition, metabolism and pharmacokinetics of antihyperlipidemic agents in laboratory animals and man. PMID- 3915092 TI - The role of cellular oncogenes in cancers of non-viral etiology. PMID- 3915093 TI - Autonomic mechanisms regulating myocardial contractility in conscious animals. AB - In this review some of the issues and controversies involved in the neural control of the myocardial inotropic response to stress have been discussed. For example, it is surprising that either direct or reflex activation of the sympathetic nerves induces a relatively small increase (20-40%) in the left ventricular inotropic state when compared with the three-five-fold increase associated with maximal dynamic exercise. Studies contrasting the levels of circulating catecholamines with the left ventricular inotropic responses induced by hemorrhage, exercise and exogenously administered catecholamines, suggest that the catecholamine concentration at the synaptic cleft is the primary determinant of the left ventricular inotropic response. Although parasympathetic neural activation alone appears to have little direct influence on the left ventricular inotropic state and central nervous system integration of the autonomic nervous system usually insures there is a reciprocal relationship between sympathetic and parasympathetic neural activity, the potential for parasympathetic inhibition of the response to sympathetic or sympathomimetic augmentation of the intropic response exists. The importance of sympathetic-parasympathetic nervous system interaction in physiologic and pathologic conditions has yet to be defined. It is this type of knowledge of the interactions of reflex pathways which will be critical to the full understanding of autonomic reflex control of myocardial performance under physiologic and pathologic conditions. PMID- 3915094 TI - Aluminum toxicology and the aluminum-containing medications. PMID- 3915095 TI - [Retention ceramic as a protective aid in composite-etched bridges]. PMID- 3915096 TI - [Ceraplatin molar crowns]. PMID- 3915098 TI - [Centric plate system--a rational method for the construction of dentures with a comfortable centric]. PMID- 3915097 TI - [30 years' experience in complete dentures]. PMID- 3915099 TI - [Supra-gingival crowns and bridges in the anterior region]. PMID- 3915100 TI - [Basic principles: prosthetics. Partial dentures (V)]. PMID- 3915101 TI - [Metal-ceramics. Materials, instruments and procedures]. PMID- 3915102 TI - [Art of gold working]. PMID- 3915103 TI - [A year of blood cultures at the Associated Hospitals of Trieste: a critical evaluation of the clinico-laboratory approach to the patient with suspected bacteremia]. AB - The authors evaluated the 2956 blood cultures performed in a multispecialist hospital in Trieste (Italy) during a whole year. A computer assisted analysis of the data pointed out that a single blood culture performed in a bacteremic patient could reveal 93% of positivities, two blood cultures in the same day at least 96.6% and three at least 98.3%. Furthermore, in suspected bacteremic patients who received several blood cultures in subsequent days, the chance for a second day culture to reveal a bacteremia not pointed out in the first day was less than 4%, while it was 0% for the following days. These results assess the importance of a correct approach to the suspected bacteremic patient, and point out the usefulness of performing at most three blood cultures in the first day of clinical suspicion of bacteremia. PMID- 3915104 TI - [Identification of staphylococci of clinical importance: evaluation of available commercial kits and technical notes on the reduction of response time and cost of performance]. AB - A study was carried out on 150 strains of staphylococci of human origin in order to evaluate the possibility of achieving identification that is accurate, swift and perhaps economical, with the following aims in mind: a) the testing of fast systems for the detection of coagulase of Staphyslide and Sero Stat compared with classical coagulase in a test tube with EDTA and citrate; b) the evaluation of the API Staph system by comparing identification obtained through subculturing the strains in agar P, as suggested by manufacturers, with those that have been streaked directly with material on triptose agar. All the experiments were carried out in both laboratories and in double blindness. The strains of Staphylococcus aureus were 88, 90 and 98% respectively, identified by the Staphyslide, Sero Stat and coagulase in a test tube. The same results were obtained by greatly reducing the amount of the kits reactive substance. The facts show that system can take place in the microbiological laboratory to improve screening processes. The API Staph system identified 96% of all the strains and 89% of negative coagulase. The methods used to identify through primary culture in triptose are mirrored with subculture from agar P. Using this medium to streak urine, one can expect to prepare the recognition of the isolated strains the day before. PMID- 3915105 TI - [Detection of bacteremia by biphasic and radiometric methods]. AB - During one year period our laboratory carried out 859 hemocultures. These have been evaluated with two methods: a conventional biphasic method (Castaneda bottles), and the automated radiometric method (Bactec System). 185 cultures were obtained with one or both methods. Of these 3.5% were considered contaminated, therefore the clinically significant isolation rate was 16.2%. Of these 86.4% was recovered by biphasic system and 79.8% by Bactec System. The recovery time to positivity and spectrum of isolates were similar for the two methods. Although there were substantially more contaminants isolated in the Vacutainer-Bactec System. PMID- 3915106 TI - [Differential diagnosis of rejection and cyclosporin nephrotoxicity in organ transplantation using exfoliative urinary cytology]. AB - Although the successful results sealing with Cyclosporin therapy in organ transplantation, side effects such as nephrotoxicity due to drug administration, are still partially solved especially concerning differential diagnosis versus rejection in kidney allograft. On this basis the authors evaluated the application of urinary exfoliative cytology for the monitoring of 110 patients who underwent kidney transplant under Cyclosporin regimen. Among them 33 cases showed direct and/or indirect cytopathic signs of nephrotoxicity induced by Cyclosporin, never observed on over 6000 urinary specimens of renal graphed patients treated with conventional therapy. The authors conclude that urinary exfoliative cytology is a useful, safe and easily repeatable method for the differential diagnosis between rejection and Cyclosporin nephrotoxicity at early stage in kidney transplantation. PMID- 3915108 TI - [Use of spark erosion in construction of friction pins]. PMID- 3915107 TI - [Immunosorbent agglutination assay: comparison with other methods of indirect detection of anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgM]. AB - Results obtained from the use of ISAGA method onto 180 serum samples in order to estimate its sensibility, specificity and reliability in detection of IgM anti Toxoplasma gondii are referred. A comparison between ISAGA and ELISA-IgM or ISAGA and AD-GF/AD-2ME shows that the results coincide and that specificity and sensibility make it reliable in indirect detection of acquired or congenital toxoplasmosis. PMID- 3915110 TI - [New procedures in chewing surface design]. PMID- 3915109 TI - [Preparation of palladium-strengthened ceramic crowns and their use in bridge construction]. PMID- 3915111 TI - [Accurate details and natural reconstruction of a human occlusion--manikin work]. PMID- 3915112 TI - [Applied color science in metal-ceramics (I)]. PMID- 3915113 TI - [Molar restoration with Ceraplatin procedures]. PMID- 3915114 TI - [Ultrasonic power: a laboratory device with various possible uses]. PMID- 3915115 TI - [Use of spark erosion in the preparation of combined attachments]. PMID- 3915116 TI - [Finishing aids for an individually designed swivel-lock]. PMID- 3915117 TI - [Applied color science in metal-ceramics (II)]. PMID- 3915118 TI - [Non-precious metal alloys and polychrome ceramics in everyday practice]. PMID- 3915119 TI - [Problems of double expansion plates with guide brackets]. PMID- 3915120 TI - [Precision attachment investment technics--new possibilities and aspects of telescopic and attachment technics (I)]. PMID- 3915121 TI - [Esthetics and mass-produced finished teeth]. PMID- 3915122 TI - Regulation of calcium transport in rat hippocampal mitochondria during development and following denervation. PMID- 3915124 TI - Mechanisms underlying the neuronal response to ischemic injury. Calcium-activated proteolysis of neurofilaments. PMID- 3915125 TI - Role of vascular factors in regional ischemic injury. PMID- 3915123 TI - Acid-base homeostasis in the brain: physiology, chemistry, and neurochemical pathology. PMID- 3915126 TI - Post-ischemic resuscitation of the brain: selective vulnerability versus global resistance. PMID- 3915127 TI - [Usefulness of the TPI test as a method of verification of doubtful sera]. PMID- 3915128 TI - [Treatment of early syphilis with cyclic erythromycin carbonate (Davercin Polfa)]. PMID- 3915129 TI - [Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis]. PMID- 3915130 TI - [Syphilis in Poland in the 15th and 16th centuries]. PMID- 3915131 TI - [History of vaccination against tuberculosis in Poland]. PMID- 3915132 TI - [Comparative study of the activity of trimethoprim-sulfamethopyrazine and nitrofurantoin in urinary infections of children]. PMID- 3915133 TI - [Nursing work of Cuban women in the wars for independence from Spain]. PMID- 3915134 TI - [Origins of nursing practice by women in Cuba]. PMID- 3915135 TI - [Greetings to Professor Carlos da Silva Lacaz]. PMID- 3915136 TI - [Rooming-in mothers: reflection on the results obtained]. PMID- 3915137 TI - [TEM studies of treated dentin surface. The embedding and adhesion mechanisms]. PMID- 3915138 TI - Comparison of chord length and scleral arc length when placing sutures for episcleral exoplants. AB - We derived a formula to compare the chord length and scleral arc length, when using calipers to measure the distance for suture placement, during retinal reattachment surgery. The scleral arc length is slightly longer than the chord length (caliper setting). The difference is 0.16 mm (2.0%) for an 8mm caliper setting, 0.31 mm (3.1%) for a 10 mm setting, and 0.74 mm (5.7%) for a 13 mm setting. The difference in the chord and arc length is small, but the surgeon can select a slightly reduced caliper setting, if more precise estimation of the arc length is desired. PMID- 3915139 TI - [Immunological study of the Easter Island population to detect Hansen's infection]. PMID- 3915140 TI - [Scale for measurement of socioeconomic level, in the health area]. PMID- 3915141 TI - [The computer in medicine]. PMID- 3915142 TI - [Response of hGH to insulin hypoglycemia and to bromocriptine before and after the administration of L-dopa in primary hypothyroidism]. PMID- 3915143 TI - [Pump failure syndrome]. PMID- 3915144 TI - [Remembrance and praise of Dr. Gregorio Maranon Posadillo (1887-1960)]. PMID- 3915145 TI - [Man and night work. I. The adaptability of human circadian biorhythms]. PMID- 3915146 TI - [Integration of the prophylactic concept in dental prosthesis practice]. PMID- 3915147 TI - [Medical factors disturbing the family structure (medico-prophylactic significance of conjugal pathology)]. PMID- 3915149 TI - [Potentials and limits for using the method of forced selection and characterization of hospitalized patients]. PMID- 3915148 TI - [Comparative clinical study of imipramine and mianserin in depressions]. PMID- 3915150 TI - [Academician Vasile Rascanu. The centenary of his birth]. PMID- 3915151 TI - [Academician Prof. Nicolae Hortolomei. The centenary of his birth]. PMID- 3915152 TI - [How do we handle cytostatics?]. PMID- 3915153 TI - [Contamination by micro-organisms of health interest in the waters of the Imperial Canal of Aragon]. PMID- 3915154 TI - [Mutagenic evaluation of pesticides]. PMID- 3915155 TI - A comparative clinical study of mefloquine and chloroquine in the treatment of vivax malaria. AB - Forty-six patients with Plasmodium vivax malaria were evaluated for their clinical and parasitological response to the two single doses of mefloquine in comparison with the standard 3-day treatment with chloroquine. The patients were randomly distributed into 3 groups. Group 1 with 13 patients were treated with a single dose 250 mg mefloquine, Group 2 with 15 patients were treated with a single dose 500 mg mefloquine and Group 3 with 18 cases were treated with the standard 3-day treatment course of 1,500 mg chloroquine. All patients in the three treatment group showed similar parasite, clearance time, fever clearance time and clearance time of signs and symptoms. There were no statistically significant differences between any of the groups. The age and weight, as well as the initial parasite count of the three groups were comparable. This study shows that mefloquine at the dosages used were as effective as the 3-day standard treatment with 1,500 mg chloroquine. PMID- 3915156 TI - Breaking the lipid barrier in partition chromatography. A steroid memoir. PMID- 3915157 TI - [Secondary caries frequency under complete crowns in relation to the material and design of the crown as well as the crown margin finish]. PMID- 3915158 TI - [The usefulness of various casting materials for extension casts of the edentulous mandible]. PMID- 3915159 TI - [Cancer of the ovary: ultrasonic-surgical comparison]. PMID- 3915160 TI - [Demonstration of a specific enzyme marker: alpha-1,4-glucosidase. Study in normal, oligospermic and azoospermic subjects in relation to the bioclinical context]. PMID- 3915161 TI - Cellular and humoral mechanisms in the pathogenesis of tubulointerstitial nephritis. AB - Brown-Norway (BN) rats immunized with renal medulla from Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats developed a renal lesion characterized by focal interstitial and perivascular mononuclear cell infiltrates without glomerular involvement. The cellular infiltrates were extracted from the affected kidneys and determined to consist of monocytes 64 +/- 4% (mean +/- S.D.) and T cells 2 +/- 9%. IgG antibodies directed at tubular basement membrane and tubular cell antigens were found in the affected kidneys and in circulation. Sera of immunized rats were used in in vitro studies to determine the presence of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC). In the CDC there was cytolysis of SD kidney and spleen cells but not BN kidney cells. In the ADCC there was significant lysis of BN kidney cells as well as SD kidney cells. Antibodies have been raised in the immunized rats against major histocompatibility (MHC) antigens as well as against autologous tubular cells. The finding of monocytes bearing Fc receptors among the infiltrating cells, as well as antibodies that can function in an ADCC indicates the presence of a combined immune effector mechanism that might be operative in tubulointerstitial nephritis. PMID- 3915162 TI - The problems associated with conversion from azathioprine and prednisolone to cyclosporine. AB - Azathioprine and prednisolone may lead to intolerable long-term side effects in some patients with a renal allograft. We have converted 9 patients with stable grafts but severe side effects from conventional immunosuppression to cyclosporine alone. While the steroid side effects largely resolved and there were no problems with acute rejection associated with conversion, the long-term follow up of these patients has demonstrated a number of problems. The average follow-up period since conversion is now 2 years: 2 patients have died, 2 grafts have been lost, and 1 patient required conversion to azathioprine. Chronic nephrotoxicity, gout, indomethacin-induced acute oliguria, and squamous cell carcinomas were the most troublesome effects seen. The disadvantages of conversion outweigh the advantages in most of the patients that we converted. PMID- 3915164 TI - Direct bonded resin used for post, core and veneer. PMID- 3915165 TI - A first look at castable ceramic crowns. PMID- 3915163 TI - Effects of dipyridamole on peritoneal clearances. AB - To see if oral dipyridamole increases peritoneal clearances in humans undergoing peritoneal dialysis, two types of double-blind clinical studies were undertaken. In a single-dose study, 7 patients were randomized to take dipyridamole or placebo early in a peritoneal dialysis with 2 L, hourly cycles; later in the same dialysis a crossover administration was studied. In a multidose study, 17 patients were randomized to take dipyridamole or placebo three times daily and clearance studies were performed on days 1, 4, and 8 during 2 L, hourly peritoneal dialysis cycles. Neither the single dose of dipyridamole or placebo significantly altered drainage volumes, clearances, or dialysate protein from control periods. In the multidose study, mean values on dipyridamole or placebo were not significantly changed from respective baseline predrug values. Mean values with dipyridamole and placebo usually were not significantly different. Dipyridamole did not appear to improve peritoneal clearances even with repeated ingestion. PMID- 3915166 TI - The first forty years. PMID- 3915167 TI - [Possibilities of microsurgery in maxillofacial surgery]. PMID- 3915168 TI - [From hybridization to gene technic: history of a profession]. PMID- 3915169 TI - [Intervention into human heredity must be correctly judged]. PMID- 3915170 TI - [For burial of the fallen, the frozen earth must be opened]. PMID- 3915171 TI - [Surgical aspect in the management of pancreatic pseudocyst]. AB - During the years from 1969 to 1979, 35 patients were operated 36 occasioned by pancreatic pseudocysts in the Department of Surgery of the University Hospital of Goettingen, West Germany. They were utilized as diagnostic methods laboratory exams, especially serial seric and urinary amylase as creatinine and at the same time abdominal echography, upper gastrointestinal tract X-rays, thorax X-rays, Barium Enema and Biliary tract X-rays. Although the great number of transit accidents, the traumatic pancreatic pseudocysts were seldom found and most of them were operated as a result of a chronic pancreatitis. Contrarily the pancreatic pseudocysts as result of an acute pancreatitis and recurrent acute pancreatitis were in a limited number. We observed only 2 cases of acute pancreatitis with biliary etiology. We realized one operation in 31 cases and in one resection, four of the series, was the only occasion that we recurred for a second and a third operation. The external drainage was realized exclusively in 3 cases while internal drainage was performed 28 times. The surgical technic frequently used as internal drainage was the Roux en-Y Cystojejunostomy and was perfomed in 21 patients. This method demonstrated to be the most fit by morphologic as functional reasons. We observed that our mortality was null and our post-operative morbility was minimal, so, we have only 3 patients with complicated post-operative course. The mean hospitalization time was 25 days. We surgical treatment of choice for the drainage of the pancreatic pseudocysts. PMID- 3915172 TI - [Value of echography in acute pancreatitis]. AB - We were evaluated the sensibility in acute pancreatitis with ultrasound method (US). Thus, we were studied 48 cases with clinical and biological table of acute pancreatitis. In all these cases, we had surgical confirmation. US exploration were made before and/or after surgical treatment. US was made once in 27 patients, twice in 14, and more times in 7. Accurate diagnosis we made in the 75% of the cases; 8.3% were false negatives; 16,6% were unexplored ultrasonically. The increase of the pancreatic volume, was the most tiically characteristic ultrasound finding. In agreement with others authors, we had 35.41% of the cases with cysts and abscess formation between the complicated acute pancreatitis, (20.84% were confirmed surgically). Hence, we conclude that US is an high sensitive and specific method to employ when clinical acute pancreatitis is pose. PMID- 3915173 TI - [Practical value of cultured cells of the granulocyte-macrophage line (CFU-GM)]. PMID- 3915174 TI - Toxins as virulence factors of bacterial enteric pathogens (a review). PMID- 3915175 TI - Characterization of R-plasmids coding for ampicillin resistance in Salmonella typhi-murium. AB - Eight Salmonella typhi-murium strains coding resistance to ampicillin were chosen from 38 strains isolated in different counties of Hungary in 1981, and their plasmids were characterized by agarose gel electrophoresis. Incompatibility groups and molecular weights of transferable R-plasmids coding resistance to ampicillin were determined and restriction enzyme analyses were done. The studies showed that among R-plasmids coding for ampicillin resistance in S. typhi-murium strains IncI alpha group plasmids with a molecular weight of 66 Mdal were dominant in Hungary. According to their cleavage patterns, the examined plasmids formed two groups. Both types contained some fragments identical in size, and they are supposed to be connected evolutionarily. PMID- 3915176 TI - Phage types and epidemiological significance of Salmonella enteritidis strains in Hungary between 1976 and 1983. AB - In Hungary, 14 819 human Salmonella enteritidis strains were isolated between 1976 and 1983. Phage type was determined of 10 132 human strains originating from 6852 foci, and of 711 strains isolated from animals and water in this period. The human strains were typable in 99.4% and they belonged into 21 phage types. Five phage types (1, 4, 7, 16 and 17) were more frequent than 1%. Phage type 7 predominated among the strains isolated between 1976 and 1980, including 65.6% 89.3% of the strains. There was a change in the prevalence of phage types from 1980-1981, as phage type 7 was ousted by phage type 1. The date of the change in the predominance of phage types coincided with the considerable increase of S. enteritidis isolates; the number of isolates was nearly fivefold in 1980 of that in 1976. Phage type 7 frequent in the first period proved to be homogeneous; the strains could not be subdivided either by the temperate phages carried by them or by other phages. The incidence of phage types 1 and 7 was nearly the same among the strains derived from animals, food, water and hygienic control examinations, and there was no temporal difference in the frequency of the two phage types as it was observed among the human strains. The human strains originated in 49.5% from outbreaks and in 50.5% from sporadic cases in the country. Of the strains examined for phage type during the eight-year period, 41.9% were isolated from 23 field epidemics, 84 community outbreaks and 757 family infections. Analysing the regional spread of S. enteritidis, the increase in the number of isolates was the highest in counties Tolna, Bacs-Kiskun, Somogy and Gyor-Sopron. The predominance of phage type 1 was observed in counties Bekes, Borsod, Csongrad, Gyor-Sopron, Hajdu-Bihar, Pest and Tolna. It was obvious in the case of county Tolna that the source of infection was contaminated egg and baby chicken. Phage type 7 predominated in counties Komarom, Vas and Veszprem. Phage type 4 circulated in counties Csongrad and Pest, phage type 17 in county Fejer and phage type 2 in county Hajdu-Bihar. PMID- 3915177 TI - Differential translation of virogenic and oncogenic sequences in malignant lymphoproliferative diseases and transfection of coding DNAs into NIH 3T3 cells. AB - The expression of oncoviral p30 polypeptides and onc gene-specific proteins has been examined in different human lymphoid malignancies. The distribution of antigen(s) related to the p30 of BaEV lacked any specificity. Antigen(s) related to the main core polypeptide of GaLV could be detected mainly in B- and O-cell malignancies. The myc-encoded protein was translated at higher levels in malignant than in normal lymphoid cells. An active src gene was identified in three acute lymphoid leukaemias and in one non-Hodgkin lymphoma of T-cell origin. Human DNAs coding oncoviral antigens or onc gene-specific proteins could be transfected into NIH 3T3 cells. These data suggest that the synergistic effect of the myc and src genes would operate in malignant transformation of some progenitors of T-cell lineage. PMID- 3915178 TI - NK-cell stimulating properties of a membrane proteoglycane from non-capsulated Klebsiella pneumoniae biotype a. AB - Upon testing the individual fractions of a composite bacterial vaccine for biological activities, a potent immuno-stimulatory capacity could be demonstrated within a crude membrane proteoglycan preparation from Klebsiella pneumoniae. One of its characteristic features was the capacity to induce alpha-type interferon and increased NK activity in vivo in mice, following intraperitoneal or oral administration. A highly purified fraction from the crude preparation was obtained using alkaline hydrolysis, delipidation and size fractionation. This fraction was shown to be a very potent inducer of NK cells in vivo or in vitro, where in the latter systems concentrations as low as 0.1 microgramme per ml were highly efficient. PMID- 3915179 TI - Opsonization of group B streptococci in properdin deficient serum. AB - Phagocytic killing of group B streptococci serotypes Ia, Ib, IIR- (R protein negative), IIR+ (R protein positive), IIIR- and IIIR+ by human granulocytes was studied after opsonization in properdin deficient serum, pooled normal human serum and in selected sera with high or low concentrations of antibody to group B streptococci. All serotypes were killed by granulocytes after opsonization in normal serum, but serotype IIIR- was comparatively resistant. Properdin deficient serum showed no opsonic activity for type IIIR-. A reduced opsonic capacity of properdin deficient serum for serotypes Ib and IIR+ was demonstrated, whereas the other serotypes were efficiently opsonized. The reduced or absent opsonic activity of properdin deficient serum could be restored by addition of purified properdin. Antibody levels did not appear to be limiting in the assay system. Blocking of C1 activation with MgEGTA in normal serum delayed, but did not abolish opsonization of the various group B streptococcal serotypes, while the opsonic activity in chelated properdin deficient serum was markedly reduced. Taken together, the findings suggest that an intact classical pathway is crucial in group B streptococcal opsonization. However, efficient opsonization of some strains apparently requires that C3 activation on the bacterial surface is amplified through recruitment of the alternative pathway. PMID- 3915180 TI - [Use of 2D-NMR spectroscopy in natural medicinal chemistry]. PMID- 3915181 TI - [Advances in gas liquid chromatography in pharmaceutical analysis]. PMID- 3915183 TI - Protein structures and split genes. AB - Exon-intron structures of eukaryotic genes were examined closely in their relation to primary and tertiary structures of the proteins they encode. Specific attention was given to the introns of genes encoding proteins having no repeats in their amino acid sequences. such introns have been shown to be located at sites corresponding to inter-domain or inter-module junctions of proteins identified in their three dimensional structures. "Modules," compact structural units in globular domains of proteins, are identified by drawing a distance map. Intron positions are found to correspond to intermodule junctions in various proteins whose X-ray crystallographic data are available: the globin family, CEWL, ovomucoid, cytochrome c, ADH, and trypsin-like serine proteinases. The good correspondence between intron positions and intermodule junctions excludes a mechanism of random insertion of introns, because the probability of intron insertion at each intermodule junction is extraordinarily small. Intron positions have been very stable and well conserved during evolution. However, at some inter module junctions no introns are found. Modules in small proteins having no core modules buried in their interior have a character suitable for recruitment through their assembly into a stable domain; one side of them is rich in hydrophobic residues and the other in hydrophilic residues. Functionally important residues are scattered on different modules in the proteins examined. Based on these observations, the role of modules in the precellular period was conjectured: some of them might be functionally active by themselves but most modules might be only segments who could function as an active protein only in an assembly. The origin of introns might be traced back prior to the divergence of prokaryotes and eukaryotes. PMID- 3915182 TI - [The concept of man and alcoholism in ancient Peru]. AB - In the ancient Peru, particularly in the Inca Empire, the review of alcohol use and abuse must be made according to the ethnohistorical and cultural context with special emphasis on ideological and customary aspects. The outstanding research sources of alcohol consume types and characteristics are: a) The examination of chronicles of the Spanish Conquest and related papers on a textual criticism; b) The study of language from its semantic scope; and c) The archaeological and ethnological testimony. The only alcoholic beverage existing in the Inca's times was "chicha", mainly that of corn fermentation which was used under the ceremonial, ritual and convivial modalities. The pathological drinking types are clearly defined in the lexicon of the Pre-Columbian Peru prevailing languages, mainly Quechua. The social control of drinking overindulgence was evident and the repressive and punitive measures were similar to those of the great ancient civilizations. The image conveyed by most of the chroniclers as to alcohol excessive drinking among Inca people belongs to the trauma of Conquest which suppressed the psychopolitical and sociocultural control that supported their universe of values generating all sort of misbehaviors and selfdestructive types of toxic consume. PMID- 3915184 TI - Acivicin in 1985. AB - This review, as its title indicates, views acivicin at a particular point in the ongoing process of its development. There is a large body of biochemical information which permits the formulation of a number of hypotheses regarding the drug's optimal regimen, mechanism of CNS toxicity, and potential role in combination chemotherapy. We have attempted to survey those data and to project some avenues of future research which may circumvent the drug's limitations. Current deficits exist in our information, particularly in the area of the clinical activity spectrum of acivicin. Yet the final definition of the set of human tumors in which acivicin may find clinical utility will probably not occur until we have defined the optimal regimen for the drug, both as a single agent and in combination, and have identified and addressed the toxic effects which limit its use. A coordinated effort between the preclinical pharmacologists and clinicians will be necessary in the next few years, if acivicin is to play an important role in the treatment of human malignancies. PMID- 3915185 TI - Nucleotide and oligonucleotide derivatives as enzyme and nucleic acid targeted irreversible inhibitors. Chemical aspects. AB - Reactive derivatives of nucleic acid components are the promising affinity reagents for specific modification of nucleic acids and nucleic acid-related proteins. Reactive ATP derivatives synthesized using the simple method described in the present chapter are potent specific inhibitors of various enzymes interacting with ATP. Reactive oligonucleotide derivatives bind to complementary nucleotide sequences in nucleic acids and modify them in the neighborhood of the binding area. Modification with these derivatives (complementary addressed modification) may become an efficient approach for specific arrest of certain cellular biopolymer biosynthesis and for site-directed mutagenesis. In this chapter, synthesis of alkylating oligonucleotide derivatives is described in detail and the results of their application for modification of nucleic acids in vitro are summarized. The results allow one to think about future biochemical and biomedical applications of complementary addressed modification. PMID- 3915187 TI - An overview of the role of nucleosides in chemotherapy. AB - A wide variety of nucleosides have been synthesized which interfere with the functions of natural nucleosides at many different loci. These analogues may act as substrates or inhibitors of nucleoside-metabolizing enzymes or may bind to cell membrane receptors. Because of quantitative and qualitative differences in the enzymes and receptors of various tissues and species, the nucleoside analogues have found important uses as antitumor, antiviral, antiparasitic and immunomodulating agents. PMID- 3915186 TI - Methotrexate resistant cells as targets for selective chemotherapy. AB - Strategies that are selective for eradicating methotrexate resistant cells are described. These strategies have been developed based on knowledge of the mechanism of drug resistance encountered in experimental systems and in the clinic. Drug resistance to methotrexate in experimental tumors is commonly due to either gene amplification (dihydrofolate reductase) or to impaired transport of methotrexate. While no effective drugs or methods to prevent gene amplification have been described, the concept of developing "pro drugs", i.e. a drug that is selectively reduced by dihydrofolate reductase to an inhibitor of another critical folate enzyme (thymidylate synthase, methionine synthetase, folylpolyglutamate synthetase) remains worthwhile. Second generation antifolates such as trimetrexate which are effective vs methotrexate transport resistant cells have already been developed and are in clinical trial. PMID- 3915188 TI - Overcoming methotrexate resistance by a lipophilic antifolate (BW 301U): from theory to models to practice. AB - We have provided a rationale for the clinical use of a new lipid-soluble folate antagonist, BW 301U, in terms of its potential for killing several classes of methotrexate-resistant cells. As part of a Phase I evaluation of this agent we studied normal bone marrow from cancer patients and their metabolic susceptibility to either BW 301U or to MTX and then repeated the observations at the end of five days of BW 301U infusions. Both inhibitors were roughly comparable at equimolar concentrations prior to therapy, but a relative resistance developed to MTX after BW 301U treatment. Such findings were replicated in an in vitro HL-60 cell culture system that was exposed to BW 301U. Some possible mechanisms for this unusual collateral resistance are discussed. PMID- 3915189 TI - Drug action on ribonucleotide reductase. AB - Ribonucleotide reductase catalyzes the rate-limiting step in DNA synthesis. It represents a key metabolic site at which specific inhibitors have been directed as potential antitumor agents. Several different classes of ribonucleotide reductase inhibitors have been generated and studied. Because of the nature of the DNA polymerase reaction in which all four dNTPs are required, the initial velocity vs dNTP concentration curve gives sigmoidal rather than hyperbolic kinetics. As a result, a 50 per cent decrease in ribonucleotide reductase activity causes a decrease in DNA polymerase activity of 75 per cent or greater depending on the ratio of [dNTP] to its Km. This has been demonstrated with theoretical calculations, actual DNA polymerase determinations and precursor studies in intact tumor cells. The structural requirements for a compound to serve as a specific inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, either as the non-heme iron or effector-binding subunit, are stringent. Each protein subunit comprising the active enzyme can be specifically and independently inhibited. When combinations of agents, each directed at one of the subunits of ribonucleotide reductase, are used, strong synergistic inhibition of L1210 cell growth and synergistic cytotoxicity result. PMID- 3915190 TI - [The relation between glossopyrosis and the blood flow rate in the deep structure of the tongue]. PMID- 3915191 TI - [The clinical examination of hard cast acrylic resin crowns]. PMID- 3915192 TI - [Adhesive strength of restorative materials used for fractures in porcelain-fused to-metal crowns. 2. Use of dental adhesives]. PMID- 3915193 TI - [Adaptation of dowel-retained cast cores]. PMID- 3915194 TI - [The process of constructing complete dentures--ratio of revelation and inclination of revealed occlusal facets]. PMID- 3915195 TI - [Effects of nitronaphthofurans on the transfer of a plasmid]. PMID- 3915197 TI - [Sequential approach to congenital heart diseases: a two-dimensional echocardiographic approach]. PMID- 3915198 TI - [Effect of carbon monoxide on cardiovascular system]. PMID- 3915196 TI - Some reflections on microbial competitiveness among heterotrophic bacteria. AB - The results of a large number of studies on microorganisms subjected to various degrees of substrate limitation have led to the idea that many species are particularly well adapted to growth at a very low rate at extremely low nutrient concentrations. The possible similarity between this type of bacteria and oligotrophic species is discussed. Some attention is paid to the problem of predicting the competitiveness of microbial species. To this end the apparent specific affinity of an organism for a given substrate is discussed in some detail. It is attempted to bring terminology used in describing this parameter in line with that commonly used in microbial physiology and ecology. Using one particular field study as an example the possible usefulness and limitations of this concept in field studies are discussed. PMID- 3915199 TI - [Treatment of arterial hypertension with a combination metoprolol hydrochlorothiazide]. PMID- 3915200 TI - [Effect of metoprolol duriles in chronic coronary insufficiency]. PMID- 3915201 TI - Current concepts in eustachian tube function as related to otitis media. AB - Two types of Eustachian tube dysfunction can result in otitis media: obstruction and abnormal patency. Obstruction may be either functional or mechanical. Functional obstruction can result from persistent collapse of the Eustachian tube due to increased tubal compliance, an inadequate active opening mechanism, or both. Mechanical obstruction may be the result of either intrinsic or extrinsic factors. Otitis media can result from inadequate ventilation of the middle ear or entry of unwanted nasopharyngeal secretions into the middle ear (by aspiration, insufflation, or reflux), or both. An understanding of these concepts of Eustachian tube function and otitis media can then be related to the rationale for nonsurgical and surgical management and prevention of middle-ear disease. PMID- 3915203 TI - How to remove, process, and study the temporal bone with the entire eustachian tube and its accessory structures: a method for histopathological study. AB - A very important contribution to the study of otitis media, one of the diseases most often seen in pediatric patients, is the collection and study of temporal bone specimens which include the entire Eustachian tube. During the last few years, we have collected, processed, and studied more than 100 such specimens. Through these experiences, our technique has become so refined that we have some important suggestions to make to otologists who are interested in the histological study of otitis media as well as in the pathology of the Eustachian tube and its relation to middle ear abnormalities. This report describes the method we have found to be most successful for the study of Eustachian tube abnormalities and their relationship to middle ear effusion. PMID- 3915202 TI - Lactoferrin in middle ear effusion. AB - Lactoferrin (LF) level in the middle ear effusion of patients with otitis media with effusion (OME) was determined by using an Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to find the information on non-specific immunity in the middle ear cavity. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), an intracellular enzyme, was also measured by spectrophotometer. We investigated cytological findings of middle ear effusion and classified cellular findings into five classes; Neutrophil dominant type, Lymphocytic-monocytic type, Mixed type, Cellular remnants type, and Too few cells type. LF and LDH levels in average: Serum, LF 1.14 microgram/ml, LDH 330.4 IU/l; Few cells type, LF 45.25 micrograms/ml, LDH 2,727.5 IU/l; Lymphocytic-monocytic type, LF 107.11 micrograms/ml, LDH 10,197.8 IU/l; Neutrophil dominant type, LF 99.73 micrograms/ml, LDH 10,580 IU/l; Mixed type, LF 163.71 micrograms/ml, LDH 19,342.9 IU/l; Cellular remnants type, LF 127.6 micrograms/ml, LDH 9,122 IU/l. LF level is high when cellular factors are rich in middle ear effusion. PMID- 3915204 TI - Measurement of young children's total actual speaking time by a newly devised accumulator as an assessment of otitis media with effusion. AB - Aspiration of effusion and insertion of ventilating tubes in children with persistent effusion are effective ways of treating otitis media with effusion. In consequence, an increase in actual speaking time rendered by improving the hearing impairment must surely enrich the lives of children afflicted with this disease. To assess the increase in speaking time following aspiration of effusion and insertion of ventilating tubes, we devised a speech accumulator (RYU et al., 1983) which records the vibration time of the vocal cords by a small contact microphone attached to the neck. Total actual speaking time was measured with this device in children with effusion, and preoperative and postoperative speaking times were compared. Furthermore, an increase in actual speaking time invariably coincided with gain of hearing by middle ear ventilation. Children in whom insertion of the tube and adenoidectomy and/or tonsillectomy were performed were recruited for the study. The placebo group for surgery was made up of children selected at random who underwent adenoidectomy and/or tonsillectomy and suffered no hearing impairment, hence, there was no insertion of the tube. There was no significant difference between preoperative and postoperative total speaking times in patients of the placebo group. PMID- 3915206 TI - Middle ear irrigation during insertion of ventilation tubes. AB - Tympanostomy and insertion of ventilation tubes has become one of the most commonly performed operations in the United States. Most authors reporting complications of this procedure describe a postoperative rate of otorrhea in the range of 10-20% with some reports much higher. This rate of presumed suppuration would generally be considered high by surgeons operating in other areas of the body. It is a commonly accepted surgical practice to follow incision and drainage of a relatively closed space infection with irrigation of that space. This is true in the surgery for the paranasal sinuses, deep space infections of the neck, joint spaces and abscesses in general. However, this practice is not routinely performed when incising and draining the middle ear. We have completed a prospective controlled double blind study on post tympanostomy tube otorrhea utilizing irrigation of the middle ear. In 220 consecutive cases, the use of middle ear irrigation reduced postoperative infections in the first 6 months from 16 to 4%. Irrigation was also found to be useful in removing very thick effusions from the middle ear by displacement, including those effusions localized in the hypo or epitympanum which were not initially identified at the time of incision and suction. A soft plastic, angled irrigation catheter with radial ports was developed for this purpose. PMID- 3915205 TI - Treatment of chronic otitis media with effusion: results of myringotomy. PMID- 3915207 TI - Peroral prednisolone in the treatment of middle-ear effusion in children: a double-blind study. PMID- 3915208 TI - Eustachian tube function in children with tympanostomy tubes. AB - Eustachian tube (ET) function was evaluated in a group of 47 children with tympanostomy tubes who had previously documented persistent otitis media with effusion (OME). Tubal function was assessed using the inflation-deflation and forced-response tests. The study children were between the ages of 2 and 11 years. The passive ET function parameters of these children were within the limits of normal children with negative otologic histories. However, their active tubal function was radically different than normal children; none of them could equilibrate negative pressure, and only four could equilibrate positive pressure. During the forced-response test, further dilation of the ET lumen by swallowing was observed in only five of these 47 children. The findings of the present study suggest that this observed tubal dysfunction is secondary to a defect in the active function. PMID- 3915209 TI - Acquired subepidermal bullous diseases. PMID- 3915210 TI - Double gall bladder. PMID- 3915213 TI - Interpersonal stress and style as predictors of biofeedback/relaxation training outcome: preliminary findings. AB - Although the data base describing clinical outcome following biofeedback/relaxation training is accumulating, there have been relatively few attempts to predict short-term outcome, and even fewer for long-term outcome. Significant short-term outcome predictors have been identified, and they often allude to the level of psychological distress as a major factor affecting outcome. To investigate further the role of psychological variables in outcome prediction, this project presents preliminary findings that demonstrate the relationship involving interpersonal psychological stress, interpersonal style of behavior, and outcome. With a very heterogeneous group of patients (N = 39), measures of interpersonal style of behavior were used to discriminate correctly 80% of cases by outcome at the 3-month postadmission evaluation. With a more homogeneous group having somatic disorders alone (headache, Raynaud's, etc.), the accuracy of prediction at 3 months was 90%. No measures were capable of predicting long-term outcome with accuracies even moderately greater than chance. The results indicate that style of interpersonal behavior (e.g., managerial, dependent) and, to a lesser extent, interpersonal stress is predictive of short term outcome following biofeedback/relaxation training. Individuals who tend to like responsibility and who are more executive and independent generally benefited more than doubtful, obedient, and depressed individuals. While the resulting prediction rates were only slightly more accurate than MMPI D and Pt subscales alone, the procedures provide additional information regarding the personality characteristics of successful and unsuccessful biofeedback clients, and may also provide the clinician with information regarding treatment choice if biofeedback is provided as an adjunct to psychotherapy. PMID- 3915212 TI - [Bacterial invasion and disease activity in human periodontitis (I)]. PMID- 3915211 TI - [Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis. Concepts and current treatment]. PMID- 3915215 TI - Inflammation induced by mycolic acid-containing glycolipids of Mycobacterium bovis (BCG). AB - Mycobacterium bovis (BCG) was submitted to lipid extraction involving gentle and drastic procedures. Neutral lipids, glycolipids as well as phospholipids were detected in the diethyl ether extract, whereas the chloroform and chloroform methanol extracts contained mainly phospholipids. Arabinose mycolates, which represent firmly bound cell wall lipids, were detected in the acidified ether extract. The lipid extracts were adsorbed to charcoal particles and inoculated intravenously into mice. Histological analysis showed that the particles were trapped in the lung microcirculation and strong inflammatory reactions were induced around the charcoal particle coated lipids present in the diethyl ether, chloroform and acidified diethyl ether extracts. Fractionation of these inflammation-inducing extracts by column and preparative thin-layer chromatography led to the isolation of five active mycolic acid-containing glycolipids, identified as glycerol monomycolate, glucose monomycolate, arabinose monomycolate, trehalose monomycolate and trehalose dimycolate on the basis of physical, chemical and spectroscopic analyses. Inflammatory reactions similar to that observed after inoculation of live BCG were induced in the lungs by trehalose monomycolate, trehalose dimycolate or glucose monomycolate. However, the toxic reactions caused by glycerol monomycolate and arabinose monomycolate were characterized by an acute inflammatory process mainly due to the constant and massive presence of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. PMID- 3915214 TI - Emotional stress and diabetic control: a postulated model for the effect of emotional distress upon intermediary metabolism in the diabetic. AB - The findings of a number of clinical investigators across a wide variety of situations and using a wide variety of observational procedures agree on the disruptive effects of emotional distress upon diabetic control. An integrative model of coordinated neural and hormonal reactions to emotional stress and their additive and potentiating effects on intermediary metabolism is proposed. The end result of these effects, as part of a general fight/flight or defense-alarm reaction, is a strong energy mobilization response (namely, a sharp rise in blood glucose and free fatty acid levels resulting in increased levels of serum cholesterol, triglycerides, and ketone bodies), which the diabetic cannot readily counterregulate. It is further proposed that increased diabetic control, together with lower insulin requirements, may result from the inclusion of stress management procedures as an adjunct to traditional medical treatment. The findings of a large number of investigators supporting these propositions are presented and discussed. PMID- 3915217 TI - Advances in rheumatology: 1934-1984. PMID- 3915216 TI - Influence of RP4 plasmid on extracellular protease secretion by Proteus mirabilis. AB - The transference by conjugation of protease genetic information between Proteus mirabilis strains only occurs upon mobilization by a conjugative plasmid such as RP4 (Inc P group). Upon receiving the RP4 plasmid, the level of proteolytic activity of the protease-excreting P. mirabilis is reduced to about 50%. A similar phenomenon occurs when the protease character is mobilized by the RP4 plasmid from the above transconjugant to a non-protease-excreting recipient strain. The molecular mechanism underlying the interference of R plasmids with proteolytic activity remains to be elucidated but there is evidence suggesting that some alteration in the bacterial envelope might be involved. PMID- 3915218 TI - Psychological aspects of arthritis. PMID- 3915220 TI - [Effects of diltiazem and the combination diltiazem + L-carnitine in patients with exertion angina: a double-blind study with placebo]. PMID- 3915221 TI - [Effects of dynamic and static physical exercise on cardiovascular function]. PMID- 3915219 TI - [Contrast ultrasonics: clinical applications and future development of new videodensitometric technics]. PMID- 3915222 TI - [Effects of psychological stress on cardiovascular function]. PMID- 3915223 TI - [Effects of other provoking tests on cardiovascular function]. PMID- 3915224 TI - [Clinico-diagnostic value of metabolic changes in ischemic cardiomyopathy]. PMID- 3915225 TI - [Diagnostic value of radioisotopic angiography]. PMID- 3915226 TI - [Role of echocardiography and radioisotopic scintigraphy during transesophageal atrial pacing]. PMID- 3915227 TI - [Role of the Bayes' theorem in the evaluation of non-invasive diagnostic methods]. PMID- 3915228 TI - [The modern cardiologist between technology and clinical medicine in the evaluation of ischemic cardiopathy]. PMID- 3915229 TI - Streptococcal cell wall arthritis: studies with nude (athymic) inbred Lewis rats. AB - Group A streptococcal cell walls, upon intraperitoneal administration, fail to induce a chronic arthritis in athymic inbred Lewis rats (mu/mu). In contrast, heterozygous euthymic littermates (+/mu) develop a chronic arthritis upon administration of the cell wall material. Chronic arthritis can be readily induced in athymic rats if they are reconstituted intravenously with spleen cells derived from normal heterozygous euthymic littermates. Both athymic and euthymic rats develop the acute arthritis elicited by cell walls. These studies indicate that the requirements in the host for the induction of acute and chronic arthritis are different. Induction of acute arthritis is not dependent on functional T lymphocytes whereas the induction of chronic arthritis is dependent on functional T cells. PMID- 3915230 TI - Large granular lymphocyte (LGL) lymphoproliferative diseases: naturally cytotoxic tumors in man and experimental animals. AB - It has recently become clear that in the spleen and blood of both rodents and man that a unique subpopulation of lymphocyte is the mediator of virtually all of the inherent natural killer (NK) and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxic (ADCC) activity. Because of their large size, eccentric kidney-shaped nucleus and prominent cytoplasmic granules, these cytotoxic cells, termed large granular lymphocytes (LGL), can be readily identified in Geimsa stained cytocentrafuge preparations. Unfortunately, the relatively low numbers of these cells in normal lymphoid tissues has made the detailed analysis of LGL quite difficult. Recently however, a number of investigators have reported both rodent and human leukemias or leukocytosis in which there was an abnormally high number of circulating lymphocytes with either the appearance and/or function of LGL. The present manuscript reviews this literature with an emphasis on the biological and clinical characteristics of this lymphoproliferative disease. Emphasis is also placed on the usefulness of these cells for the detailed analysis of LGL morphology and function. PMID- 3915231 TI - Bone marrow transplantation. AB - Bone marrow transplantation is increasingly used to treat a broad spectrum of human diseases including aplastic anemia, leukemia, solid tumors, immune and genetic disorders. In certain circumstances the role of transplantation is reasonably well established, such as aplastic anemia and resistant leukemia. In other circumstances there is controversey as to the role of transplantation such as leukemia in remission. An increasing number of genetic disorders including severe combined immunodeficiency, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, osteopetrosis, and Thalassemia have been cured by transplantation. Despite substantial progress, with transplantation that remain to be solved including graft-vs.-host disease, interstitial pneumonia, immune deficiency, and the lack of suitable donors for most potential recipients. These problems and potential approaches are discussed in detail Future direction of research include the application of transplantation to other diseases as well as the use of this approach either as a prelude to solid-organ grafts or as a vehicle for the introduction of new genetic information. PMID- 3915232 TI - Utility and sensitivity of anti BrdU antibodies in assessing S-phase cells compared to autoradiography. AB - A rapid and convenient method for estimating S-phase cells in a population was developed which detects bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation into DNA by means of monoclonal anti-BrdU antibodies. This immunofluorescence technique (RPMB technique) was compared to autoradiographic (ARG) detection of tritiated thymidine (3HTdr) grains incorporated into the DNA. Using incubation periods for BrdU and 3HTdr ranging from one minute to one hour and detecting their incorporation by ARG and RPMB techniques, it became apparent that the RPMB technique was far more sensitive than ARG in addition to being extremely easy to perform. Some possible utilities of the RPMB technique are discussed. PMID- 3915233 TI - Fibronectin assays and their clinical application: a review. AB - Cold insoluble globulin (fibronectin) was discovered 30 years ago but recently there has been a remarkable growth of knowledge concerning its interaction with the cell cytoskeleton and its role in cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion. The protein is also a major plasma opsonin with a role in regulating fixed macrophage activity and it is this area in which clinical applications are now beginning to develop. Methods are discussed for measuring the concentration of the protein and its opsonic function in vitro, and for the evaluation of fixed macrophage function in vivo. Also discussed are the metabolism of the protein, the implications of opsonin depletion in patients with serious injury or infection and the attempts to reverse this with plasma protein replacement therapy. PMID- 3915234 TI - The relationship between tissue preparation and function; methods for the study of control of aldosterone secretion: a review. AB - The study of the control of aldosterone synthesis and secretion by the rat adrenal gland has over the past thirty years involved the application of many different in vivo and in vitro techniques. In this review the relationship between the data that each of these methods has produced is compared. There are striking differences in overall steroid production rates, and in the qualitative nature of the steroid profile which the various methods produce. In particular, aldosterone is secreted at higher rates in vivo, and when whole tissue preparations are used in vitro, than in incubations of isolated glomerulosa cells. In addition, while corticosterone is a major product of glomerulosa tissue in vitro, the available evidence suggests that it is not a major glomerulosa product in vivo. PMID- 3915235 TI - The study of fecal-Escherichia coli peritonitis-induced septic shock in a neonatal pig model. AB - Peritonitis-induced septic shock in the neonate is associated with a high mortality. Because there exists no clinically relevant model to study resuscitation of these patients, a model using the neonatal pig was developed. After arterial and central venous cannulation, and placement of a left pulmonary artery thermodilution catheter, 12 anesthetized neonatal pigs were "resuscitated" with fluids (5% albumin in lactated Ringer's solution at 15 ml/kg/hr), antibiotics, and correction of acidemia. The pigs were divided into two groups: a control group (n = 5), which was not subjected to peritonitis and which was killed after 6 hours of monitoring, and a septic group (n = 7), which was inoculated with an intraperitoneal injection of sterile pig feces and Escherichia coli and was monitored until death (mean survival time (S.D.) 546(159) minutes). Serial measurements of hemodynamic and laboratory data were obtained. While pigs in the control group showed no significant changes in these data as measured against time, the pigs in the experimental group showed an early transient rise in cardiac index which was significant (p less than .05) and which was followed by a steady decline in cardiac index until death. These changes in cardiac index were accompanied by a continuous decline in mean arterial pressure, central venous pressure, pulmonary artery pressure, and systemic vascular resistance index, while pulmonary vascular resistance index showed a gradual continuous rise. The observed changes in hemodynamic and laboratory data mimic those anticipated in the human neonate with peritonitis-induced septic shock. This model proves reliable and reproducible, and shows promise as a tool to study the resuscitation of neonates with septic shock. PMID- 3915236 TI - Role of free oxygen radicals in the development of gastrointestinal mucosal damage in Escherichia coli sepsis. AB - Live Escherichia coli were infused into anesthetized cats given 0.6 ml bile/kg and 80 mM HCl into the stomach. Systemic and pulmonary arterial blood pressures, cardiac output, and gastric blood flow were monitored. Gastrointestinal total wall and mucosal blood flow were measured by microspheres. The microscopic mucosal damage was graded 0-4 (stomach) or 0-5 (intestine). One group of cats (N = 8) received 5 mg yeast CuZn superoxide dismutase (SOD) as a bolus before bacteria followed by infusion 50 mg/3 hr. Four of these cats were also given catalase in the same dose. Controls (N = 8) had no treatment. After 3 hr gastric ulceration (grades 2-4) was found in controls but only in 50% of treated cats (P less than 0.1). About 50% and 25% of the cats in both groups developed significant small intestinal and colonic mucosal damage, respectively. SOD or SOD/catalase had no effect on late systemic hypotension, decrease in cardiac output, or transient increase in pulmonary pressure. Total gastric blood flow did not change, while at late sepsis gastric mucosal flow was decreased in the treated group. Small intestinal mucosal flow decreased in both series. It is concluded that free oxygen radicals may be of partial importance in the development of sepsis-induced gastric, but not intestinal, mucosal damage. PMID- 3915237 TI - Thromboxane, prostacyclin, and the hemodynamic effects of graded bacteremic shock. AB - This study investigates the interaction of thromboxane, prostacyclin, and the hemodynamic dysfunction of graded bacteremia. Arterial, venous, and pulmonary artery catheters were inserted into eight adult female pigs under barbiturate anesthesia. After a 60-min control period Aeromonas hydrophila (1.0 X 10(9)/ml) was infused intravenously at 0.2 ml/kg/hr, increasing gradually to 4.0 ml/kg/hr at 4 hr. Hemodynamic measurements, blood gases, and radioimmunoassay of thromboxane B2 (TxB) and prostaglandin 6-keto-F1 (PGI) were performed during the control period, at 10, 20, 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 min of bacteremia and at 30-min intervals thereafter. During the bacterial infusion, cardiac index (CI), mean arterial pressure (MAP), paO2, pvO2, stroke volume (SV), and left ventricular stroke work (LVSW) decreased significantly, and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), pulmonary artery pressure (PAP), and intrapulmonary shunt (Qs/Qt) increased significantly. TxB was significantly increased at 30 min and remained elevated thereafter. PGI did not rise above control levels until after 240 min of bacterial infusion. TxB cross-correlated most frequently with CI, PVR, SV, paO2, and Qs/Qt, changes in TxB preceding the other variables by 0-60 min. PGI cross correlated significantly with MAP, LVSW, CI, paO2, and Qs/Qt, changes in PGI preceding MAP, LVSW, and CI by 0-60 min, but following paO2 and Qs/Qt by 30-60 min. TxB is increased early in graded bacteremia and appears related to cardiorespiratory dysfunction. PGI increases late in graded bacteremia, following the onset of respiratory failure, and may mediate the arterial hypotension of septic shock. PMID- 3915238 TI - Freezing increment in keratophakia. AB - In homoplastic keratomileusis, keratophakia, and epikeratophakia, the corneal tissue that provides the final refractive lenticule undergoes a conformational change when frozen. Because corneal tissue is composed primarily of water, an assumed value of 9.08% (approximate volumic percentage expansion of water when frozen) is frequently used for the increase in thickness, or freezing increment, rather than measuring it directly. We evaluated 32 cases of clinical keratophakia and found the increase in thickness to average 37 +/- 21%. In this series of 32 cases, the percentage of patients with a greater than 4 D residual refractive error was 16%. If an assumed freezing increment of 9.08% had been used, the percentage would have been 28%, with two-thirds of these 28% manifesting a marked undercorrection. Because of a lack of studies documenting the behavior of corneal tissue following cryoprotection and freezing, it is suggested that measurements be taken during homoplastic surgery to minimize the potential for significant inaccuracy in obtaining the desired optic result. PMID- 3915239 TI - Clinicopathologic studies of keratoplasty eyes obtained surgically. AB - Seventy-two keratoplasty eyes obtained surgically from 72 patients were examined histopathologically. The age at the time of enucleation ranged between 2 months and 91 years, with an average of 47.2 years. The 72 eyes were placed in five categories according to the surgical procedures performed: (a) 20 eyes with a penetrating keratoplasty as the only intraocular operation; (b) nine eyes with two or more penetrating keratoplasties; (c) 29 eyes with one or more keratoplasties with other procedures performed at the same time or another time; (d) nine eyes with lamellar keratoplasties; (e) five eyes with tectonic keratoplasties. The corneas were perforated at the time of keratoplasty in 15 eyes (20.8%). The average age at the first keratoplasty was 45.1 years. Overall, the most frequent causes of enucleation were secondary glaucoma (45.8%), melting of the graft (13.9%), exogenous endophthalmitis (12.5%), and trauma (8.3%). An expulsive hemorrhage occurred in 5.6% of eyes. PMID- 3915240 TI - Model of epithelial downgrowth: III. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy of iris epithelialization. AB - Epithelialization of uveal structures is frequently difficult to diagnose clinically and may require scanning and/or transmission electron microscopy to detect histologically. Since the scanning and transmission electron microscopic findings of progressive iris epithelialization have not previously been described, we examined a cat model of epithelial downgrowth for iris findings from 23 days through 4 months post-implantations of epithelium. Features associated with iris epithelialization included direct contact of iris with implanted epithelium, allowing initially rapid epithelialization of anterior iris structures, and slower epithelialization of posterior iris pigmented epithelium. The morphology of the migrating epithelium progressed from spindle shaped cells with small numbers of pseudopodia and microvillae to confluence of up to five layers of stratified epithelium with numerous surface microvilli. Anterior iris epithelial morphology consisted of cuboidal shaped cells with "looser" cell junctional interdigitations, versus a more squamous appearance of posterior iris epithelialization. A monolayer of lead cells or thin sheets of epithelium may be present well before a clinically apparent multicellular sheet of epithelium is seen. PMID- 3915241 TI - [Rupture of the tendons of the finger extensors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 3915242 TI - [Aneurysmal cyst of the ulna]. PMID- 3915243 TI - [Results of a prospective study of acute pancreatitis. Its influence on therapy]. PMID- 3915244 TI - [Anaplastic thyroid cancer. 50 cases over 20 years. A reappraisal]. PMID- 3915245 TI - [Ultrasonic study of the hips in neonatal and infant luxation]. PMID- 3915246 TI - [Aids to wound healing. From empirical tradition to a scientific approach]. PMID- 3915247 TI - Philatelic honors [George Papanicolaou]. PMID- 3915248 TI - Cytologic diagnosis of extravesical malacoplakia. AB - Malacoplakia, a rare form of chronic granulomatous inflammation, most frequently involves the urinary tract of middle-aged women. The disease represents an unusual inflammatory response to bacteria, most commonly Escherichia coli, and probably reflects some dysfunction in the immune system of the host. We describe two cases of malacoplakia involving in one patient the vagina and in the other the perianal subcutaneous tissue and lung. In both cases, the diagnosis was made concurrently by cytology and histologic examination of tissue sections. This, in turn, led to the institution of appropriate therapy with complete resolution of the disease. In smears, the characteristic von Hansemann histiocytes are larger than alveolar macrophages. They have a reticulated granular cytoplasm that is caused by excessive accumulation of lysosomal bodies, some of which upon mineralization give rise to the pathognomonic Michaelis-Gutmann body. The latter, which is usually intracellular, can be distinguished readily from psammoma bodies and should not be confused with yeasts. PMID- 3915249 TI - Concurrent discoveries of the value of vaginal smears for diagnosis of uterine cancer. AB - The history of clinical cytology is analyzed in light of the dependence of discoveries upon their cultural environment and past contributions. Simultaneous reports of George N. Papanicolaou and Aurel Babes and their respective originality are compared. Although glorified for saving countless women from death due to uterine cancer, Papanicolaou tried in vain to convey to his peers the importance of a distinct cellular pattern corresponding to cervical intraepithelial neoplastic lesions. The value of this pattern expressing evolutionary steps in the development of cancer at individual cell levels was not appreciated. His terminology was ignored and replaced by histologic diagnoses already familiar to pathologists as well as clinicians. Papanicolaou was the first to describe this pattern, whereas malignant cells in vaginal smears were recognized and used for cancer diagnosis by others before Papanicolaou's work. It is therefore no wonder that the Nobel Prize Committee was at a loss to identify what he discovered. PMID- 3915250 TI - Sputum cytology by the Saccomanno method in diagnosing lung malignancy. AB - From 1,488 patients, satisfactory sputum was available for cytologic diagnosis. Overall diagnoses were correct in 85.4% of patients, false negative in 193 patients (13.0%), and false positive in 24 patients (1.6%). In patients with a malignant lung process, cytologic diagnoses were correct in 228 patients (54.2%) and false negative in 193 patients (45.8%). In patients with primary lung cancer, the proportion of correct positive diagnoses increased from 0.47 to 0.87 with one to five sputum specimens examined. In patients with metastatic disease, the figures were 0.35 with one specimen examined and 0.38 with two and more sputum specimens. Cytologic typing accuracy was 67% for large-cell carcinomas, 73% for adenocarcinomas, 91% for small-cell lung cancers, and 98% for squamous-cell carcinomas. For the clinically most relevant groups of nonsmall-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer, these figures were 99% and 91%, respectively. PMID- 3915251 TI - Aspiration cytology in Sweden: The Karolinska Group. AB - The method of aspiration biopsy cytology began to receive international attention after publications, innovations, and courses originating at the Karalinska Hospital in Sweden. Sixteen Franzen, Josef Zajieek, Pier Esposti, and Torsten Lowhagen were prime movers of this clinical and scientific development. The history of their arrival at the Karolinska and their seminal contributions is reviewed. PMID- 3915252 TI - Post binding events in insulin action. PMID- 3915253 TI - Insulin action at the cellular level: anatomical considerations. PMID- 3915254 TI - Subcellular translocation of glucose transporters: role in insulin action and its perturbation in altered metabolic states. AB - In this article we have described the hypothesis that insulin stimulates glucose transport through glucose transporter translocation from an intracellular pool to the plasma membrane. In addition, we have shown that changes in the numbers and subcellular distributions of glucose transporters correlate with alterations in insulin-stimulated glucose transport activity in several experimental models of insulin resistance and hyperresponsiveness. However, in experiments with counterregulatory hormones and with hyperresponsive states induced by nutritional repletion following deprivation, changes in insulin responsiveness cannot be fully explained by such alterations in the numbers and/or subcellular distribution of glucose transporters. Thus, evidence has been presented for changes in glucose transporter intrinsic activity that both inhibit and augment insulin-stimulated glucose transport rates. Finally, we have discussed data suggesting that the translocation process is applicable to human tissue and that significant changes in adipose cell glucose transport activity have been correlated with total glucose disposal in various metabolic states in humans. Determining the physiologic factors involved in modulating these events at the cellular level is an important area for further investigation. PMID- 3915255 TI - Neuro-endocrine disorders seen as triggers of the triad: obesity--insulin resistance--abnormal glucose tolerance. PMID- 3915256 TI - Cellular mechanisms in selected states of insulin resistance: human obesity, glucocorticoid excess, and chronic renal failure. PMID- 3915257 TI - Characterization of an insulin degrading enzyme from cultured human lymphocytes. AB - An insulin degrading enzyme from cultured human lymphocytes, IM-9 cells, has been purified and characterized. The biochemical, enzymatic and immunological characteristics of this enzyme were all found to be similar to the characteristics of insulin degrading enzymes previously isolated from rat and pig skeletal muscle. Furthermore, this insulin degrading enzyme was found to have no effect on the structure of the insulin receptor nor to be linked to the insulin receptor either on the plasma membrane of cells or when they are shed into the media. The present studies suggest that the IM-9 lymphocytes, which have been extensively used to study the human insulin receptor, may also be a good system for studying human insulin degrading enzymes. PMID- 3915258 TI - Serum free C-peptide response to oral glucose loading as a parameter for the monitoring of pancreatic B-cell function in diabetic patients. AB - As a parameter for evaluating pancreatic B-cell function, the accuracy of measuring serum free C-peptide immunoreactivity (CPR) was compared with that of measuring plasma immunoreactive insulin (IRI) and urine CPR in diabetic patients during a 100 g oral glucose tolerance test. In 25 non-obese patients receiving oral hypoglycemic agent or diet treatment alone, a positive correlation between the sum of serum free CPR (sigma serum free CPR) and the sum of plasma IRI (sigma plasma IRI) was noted (r = 0.68, P less than 0.001). However, the sum of blood glucose values was found to be negatively correlated to sigma free CPR (r = 0.56, P less than 0.0025), but not to sigma plasma IRI (r = -0.25, NS). In 23 patients receiving diet, oral hypoglycemic agent or insulin treatment, a positive correlation between sigma serum free CPR and urine CPR was noted (r = 0.75, P less than 0.001). However, no significant correlation was found when only insulin treated patients were investigated (r = 0.37, NS, n = 17). In addition, patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus were better differentiated by measuring sigma serum free CPR than urine CPR. Thus, we concluded that the measurement of serum free CPR during OGTT provides an extremely valuable method for monitoring pancreatic B-cell function in diabetic patients, whether they are receiving insulin treatment or not. PMID- 3915259 TI - Guar by-product improves carbohydrate tolerance in healthy human subjects. AB - Guar gum possesses distinct hypoglycemic properties. The other fraction of the guar bean, guar by-product (GBP), was studied to determine if it possesses any hypoglycemic properties. When 25 g GBP or wheat bran were consumed with a carbohydrate test meal by 10 healthy subjects, at 15 and 30 min after the GBP test meal significantly lower normalized plasma glucose responses were measured. Postprandial plasma insulin responses were similar after both test meals. During the first 60 min postprandially, the mean integrated plasma glucose response area was significantly lower after the GBP test meal. These data indicate that GBP, like guar gum, possesses hypoglycemic properties; because of the different chemical characteristics of these 2 guar bean fractions, it seems that their hypoglycemic properties are due probably to different mechanisms. PMID- 3915260 TI - The mechanism of exaggerated glucagon response to arginine in diabetes mellitus. AB - As far as exaggerated arginine-induced glucagon secretion in diabetics is concerned, the authors have shown that both the restoration of blood glucose excursions and physiological insulinemia in response to arginine, obtained from an artificial endocrine pancreas (AEP) could normalize the glucagon secretory responses in diabetes mellitus. To clarify whether or not physiological glycemic excursions and/or plasma insulin profiles contribute to the normalization of the exaggerated glucagon response in diabetes mellitus, the following 4 investigations were conducted on each of 7 non-obese, non-insulin-dependent diabetic (NIDDM), and 8 insulin-dependent diabetic (IDDM) subjects, with the aid of AEP. Arginine was i.v. infused into both diabetic groups (1) in a hyperglycemic state without insulin infusion, (2) in perfect glycemic control with insulin infusion by AEP, (3) in glycemic control with AEP, but with lower plasma insulin profiles (parameters of the insulin infusion algorithm were made smaller than those of (2], (4) in a state where blood glucose levels were clamped at the same levels as obtained in (1) with the aid of glucose infusion controlled by AEP, and where physiological plasma insulin profiles were mimicked by infusing insulin at the same rates used in (2) with a pre-programmable insulin infusion system. The changes in the plasma glucagon (IRG) response in each experiment were compared with those seen in healthy subjects. For both diabetic groups it was found that: in (2) perfect normalization of glucagon response was achieved.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3915261 TI - Inhibition of down regulation by chloroquine in cultured lymphocytes (RPMI-1788 line). AB - We studied the effect of chronic exposure to insulin on insulin receptors of cultured lymphocytes (RPMI-1788 line). The cells treated with insulin (2 micrograms/ml) at 37 degrees C for 12 h, showed a 36.5% decrease in the number of binding sites. Solubilized extract from the cells treated with insulin showed a 35.9% decrease of binding capacity, suggesting that insulin exposure induced the loss of total (cell surface and intracellular) receptors. Insulin-induced loss of receptors was blocked by chloroquine, suggesting that receptor loss is mediated by a chloroquine sensitive pathway. Bacitracin, which inhibited the insulin degradation, had no effect on insulin-induced receptor loss in this cell line. We also found that vitamin K5, one of the insulin mimickers, induced a 31.5% loss of insulin receptors. Therefore, the post-receptor process appeared to mediate down regulation. In cultured lymphocytes, insulin exposure caused a significant loss of total receptors, suggesting that insulin-induced receptor loss may be due to receptor degradation. Insulin-induced receptor loss is mediated by a chloroquine sensitive pathway, and is related to the post-binding process stimulated by vitamin K5. PMID- 3915262 TI - A comparison of serum C-peptide response to intravenous glucagon, and urine C peptide, as indexes of insulin dependence. AB - Serum C-peptide (SCPR) at fasting and after intravenous injection of glucagon was evaluated in diabetic patients with various degrees of insulin dependence, and compared with 24 h urine C-peptide (UCPR). Fasting SCPR did not differ between healthy subjects and sulfonylurea-treated patients (SU) who were considered to have definite non-insulin-dependent diabetes (NIDDM); but was significantly lower in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes (IDDM) (0.24 +/- 0.10 ng/ml in IDDM vs. 1.43 +/- 0.61 ng/ml in SU, P less than 0.001). SCPR reached a peak at 6 min after glucagon injection, except for the IDDM group. The SCPR response at 6 min after 1 mg glucagon injection was significantly lower in the SU (NIDDM) group than in the normal group (2.86 +/- 1.21 v. 4.69 +/- 1.47 ng/ml, P less than 0.001). In the IDDM group, there was no increase of SCPR after glucagon injection. Among diabetic patients, SCPR response to glucagon correlated positively to the amounts of UCPR (P less than 0.001). By analysis of the distribution patterns of SCPR response to intravenous glucagon, SCPR of 1.0 ng/ml and the increment of SCPR of 0.5 ng/ml at 6 min are to be used as cut-off points to differentiate IDDM and NIDDM. These values correspond roughly to the UCPR values below 20 micrograms/day and above 30 micrograms/day, which we previously proposed as indexes to differentiate insulin-dependent and non-insulin-dependent diabetes. PMID- 3915263 TI - The effect of glucocorticoid on 125I-insulin binding to human erythrocytes. Possible postreceptor modulation of receptor binding. AB - To evaluate the role of insulin receptors in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance observed in glucocorticoid excess, we measured 125I-insulin binding to circulating erythrocytes in 7 patients with Cushing's syndrome and 7 patients with adrenal insufficiency. Insulin receptor binding was higher in Cushing's syndrome and was lower in adrenal insufficiency, compared to normal subjects. Insulin binding decreased after transsphenoidal surgery in 2 patients with Cushing's syndrome. In addition, glucocorticoid treatment in 6 patients with adrenal insufficiency resulted in the increase of insulin binding. The biological significance of this phenomenon must await further investigation, but it does suggest that insulin resistance in glucocorticoid excess should be interpreted as an alteration of cellular mechanisms of insulin at a step distal to the insulin receptor. Increased insulin binding to the receptor is probably modulated by postreceptor events. PMID- 3915264 TI - Purification of insulin-binding antibody by affinity chromatography using monocomponent insulin as ligand. AB - Insulin-binding antibody (IBA) was purified by affinity chromatography using porcine monocomponent (MC) insulin as the ligand. The purity of the antibody was compared with that of the antibody extracted using porcine crystalline (Cr) insulin. Comparing the antibody solutions obtained with MC insulin (MC-lig-sol) or Cr insulin (Cr-lig-sol), the content of IBA in Cr-lig-sol was higher than in MC-lig-sol, but the content of proinsulin-binding antibody (PBA) in MC-lig-sol was very small and statistically lower than that in Cr-lig-sol (P less than 0.01). Adding native MC insulin to a competitive radioimmunoassay suppressed the IBA titer obtained with MC insulin more than that obtained with Cr insulin. By adding native proinsulin in a similar assay system, the PBA titer obtained with Cr insulin was suppressed more than that extracted with MC insulin. Scatchard analysis of the 2 solutions showed that the affinity constants of high affinity antibodies were almost identical, but that of low affinity antibody in MC-lig-sol was larger than in Cr-lig-sol. The binding capacity of low affinity antibody in Cr-lig-sol was 15 times as much as that in MC-lig-sol. Using MC insulin, instead of Cr insulin, as the ligand in affinity chromatography increased the purity of recovered IBA. chromatography increased the purity of recovered IBA. PMID- 3915265 TI - Recent trends in prevalence and incidence of diabetes mellitus syndrome in the world. PMID- 3915266 TI - Paradoxical glucagon response in perifused islets of the diabetic Chinese hamster. AB - Dynamic insulin and glucagon response to glucose was examined in the perifusion system to investigate the relationship between pancreatic hormone content and the pattern of hormone secretion in diabetic Chinese hamsters of the Asahikawa colony (CHA). Isolated islets of normals and diabetics from the CHA were perifused. When the medium was changed to high glucose (500 mg/dl), a low insulin response and paradoxical glucagon response were seen in diabetics compared with normals. Positive correlations were found between pancreatic insulin and the amount of perifusate insulin, and glucagon content and glucagon release, respectively. It is suggested, accordingly, that pancreatic hormone content is related to the amount of hormone release in CHA. A negative correlation between the amount of perifusate insulin and glucagon release was found. It is suggested, therefore, that an impaired suppression of glucagon release in the diabetic CHA animals could be attributed at least to insulin deficiency. These findings agree with the histological discovery of decreased B-cells and increased A-cells in the diabetic islets. Both decreased B-cells and islet numbers could be the cause of the low insulin response to glucose. Increased numbers of A-cells with hyperfunction resulting from local insulin deficiency could be the cause of the paradoxical glucagon response. PMID- 3915267 TI - Glycaemic responses to minimal amounts of sucrose and wheat starch in diabetes. PMID- 3915268 TI - Familial aggregation of type 2 diabetes mellitus as an etiological factor in hypertension. AB - Blood pressure (BP) and serum urate concentrations were measured in 22 normoglycaemic, non-obese, middle-aged men with a strong family history of Type 2 diabetes and in 51 controls, taking confounding variables such as sex, age, body weight and life style habits into account. The subjects with a positive family history of diabetes, who were also characterized by impaired physical fitness and insulin secretion, had significantly elevated BP in comparison with the controls, most pronounced for diastolic BP. Serum urate concentration tended to be somewhat higher in the positive family history group than in controls, although not significantly. Blood pressure was positively correlated to plasma insulin concentrations, while negatively correlated to physical fitness, assessed by submaximal exercise tests. The data support the hypotheses that some of the metabolic disturbances and atherosclerosis risk factors associated with Type 2 diabetes mellitus may precede the disturbance of glucose tolerance and that advice on life style habits may be of benefit to certain individuals at risk. PMID- 3915269 TI - Effect of antiserum to monoclonal anti-islet cell surface antibody on pancreatic insulitis in non-obese diabetic mice. AB - Immunotherapeutic intervention has been studied in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. Twenty-five male NOD mice aged 6 weeks were treated with anti-mouse T lymphocyte serum (ATS), N-(2-carboxyphenyl)-4-chloroanthranilic acid disodium salt (CCA); a non-specific immunostimulant which seems to potentiate the suppressor T cell activity, and antiserum raised against previously reported monoclonal antibody 3A4 to the surface of islet cells. Pancreatic islets from NOD mice sacrificed at 12 weeks of age were scored morphologically for the severity and the frequency of insulitis. Both the severity of insulitis in each islet and the frequency of insulitis-positive islets in each pancreas were reduced in the groups treated with ATS (group B), antiserum to 3A4 (group D) and a combination of antiserum plus CCA (group E) in comparison with other groups (control: group A and CCA: group C). At 8 weeks of age, the binding capacities of sera to insulinoma cells measured by protein A radioligand assay were significantly decreased in the groups treated with antiserum to 3A4 (groups D and E) as compared with those in the other groups. These results suggest that both ATS and antiserum to 3A4 prevent the occurrence and the progress of insulitis in NOD mice, but the immunosuppressive mechanisms differ from each other; therefore, combination therapy with these suppressants may be more effective in the prevention of Type 1 diabetes mellitus. PMID- 3915270 TI - Increased insulin binding is not involved in the improved insulin effectiveness of gestational diabetics after hypoenergetic dieting. AB - 125I-Insulin binding to monocytes from 14 gestational diabetics was measured before and after 6 weeks of treatment with a 5500 kJ, low-fat, low-sucrose diet. After the hypoenergetic feeding of gestational diabetics, fasting plasma concentrations of glucose (P less than 0.01) and insulin (P less than 0.05) decreased significantly, whereas insulin binding was unaltered. Provided the monocyte insulin receptor reflects insulin receptors of more determinant tissues for insulin action, our data indicate that an increased insulin receptor binding is not involved in the improved insulin effectiveness of gestational diabetics after hypoenergetic dieting. PMID- 3915271 TI - Gliclazide on long-term therapy increases insulin response to glucose of type II diabetics. AB - Twelve type II diabetics were treated with gliclazide, a potent hypoglycaemic sulfonylurea, for 5 months. Plasma immunoreactive insulin (IRI), connecting peptide (C-peptide) and immunoreactive glucagon (IRG) were measured during a 2 h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) before and during gliclazide therapy. The OGTT improved in 7 patients. In those patients IRI concentrations were significantly more elevated during than before the treatment period. By contrast, gliclazide treatment did not affect the hepatic extraction of insulin (estimated by the molar ratio of C-peptide to IRI) nor the inappropriate glucagon release commonly observed in this type of patients. PMID- 3915273 TI - Cefmetazole: a broad spectrum cephem antibiotic effective on methicillin- and cephem-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. AB - Antibacterial activity of cefmetazole (CMZ) was investigated by the plate dilution method. Since CMZ is stable to any type of bacterial beta-lactamases, it inhibited growth of Escherichia coli carrying R plasmids, Klebsiella spp., Proteus vulgaris, and Bacteroides fragilis at the concentration of less than 0.78 to 25.0 micrograms/ml. The distinct characteristic of CMZ is its anti-MRSA (methicillin- and cephem-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) activity. Exclusively in MRSA, a new fraction of penicillin binding proteins (PBP) with a relative molecular mass of 78 kd apears, and the 78 kd/PBP possesses low binding affinity to beta-lactam antibiotics. By the competitive binding experiment of beta-lactam drugs to the PBPs of MRSA, it was revealed that CMZ and cephaloridine retain binding affinities to the new 78kd/PBP fraction of MRSA. PMID- 3915272 TI - Anthracycline mechanisms in analogue selection. AB - Several simple test methods that revealed alterations in mechanisms of action proved to be useful in the selection of three new anthracycline analogues that are currently in preclinical development. 5-Iminodaunorubicin is a quinone modified analogue, and the resultant suppression of quinone redox cycling appears to correlate with diminished cardiotoxicity rather than with any effect on antitumour activity. N,N-Dibenzyldaunorubicin is an inactive prodrug requiring metabolic activation, a process that appears to give some selectivity of action leading to improved activity. The cyanomorpholino derivative of doxorubicin shows an intense potency against tumours that is not encountered in other closely related analogues, indicating a highly specific mode of action as yet unidentified. Results with these examples suggest that simple tests related to mechanisms of action may be more useful for analogue selection than extended tests to define antitumour activity. PMID- 3915274 TI - Study on the antibacterial activity of ceftazidime in an in vitro pharmacokinetic model. AB - A kinetic model was used to evaluate the activity of ceftazidime against recently isolated bacterial strains. The microorganisms were subjected in vitro to drug concentrations simulating the serum kinetics of ceftazidime after i.v. administration of 1 g of the drug. In these conditions ceftazidime showed a bactericidal effect lasting up to 12 h, even at concentrations below the MICs for some strains. In no case did resistant populations develop after exposure to the drug. PMID- 3915275 TI - Cigarette smoke and N-acetylcysteine: interference with the bactericidal properties of serum. AB - The bactericidal properties of normal serum are an important feature in host defence; it has been suggested that they are depressed by cigarette smoke. The aim of the present study was to investigate the in vitro depressant effect of cigarette smoke on antibacterial activity of rabbit serum and its interaction with the well-known antioxidant agent, N-acetylcysteine. Escherichia coli was used to study the bactericidal activity of the complement-dependent system and Staphylococcus aureus was used to study the thermostable bactericidal system. It was found that exposure of serum and bacteria to cigarette smoke significantly decreased the bactericidal powder of serum; when N-acetylcysteine was added to the incubation mixture, however, a marked inhibitory effect on the toxic action of smoke on rabbit serum was observed. PMID- 3915277 TI - Malaria, the growing medical and health problem. AB - This paper reviews the present situation with regard to malaria: imported and introduced cases; antimalarial compounds and combinations of such compounds for treatment and prophylaxis; world distribution of resistance to antimalarials; malaria in pregnancy; and prospects for new drugs and vaccines. PMID- 3915276 TI - Multicentre clinical and bacteriological study of sulbenicillin in patients with bronchopulmonary infection. AB - In view of the pharmacodynamic and therapeutic properties of a broad-spectrum semisynthetic penicillin recently introduced in Italy, namely sulbenicillin, the authors conducted a multicentre clinical and bacteriological trial of the drug administered by intramuscular or intravenous injection in daily doses of 4, 6 or 8 g given in two or three administrations daily to a group of 66 patients with acute bronchopulmonary infection, mainly exacerbation of chronic infection, hospitalized in four Pneumology Centres of Sardinia. The authors assessed clinical, radiological, microbiological, and biohumoral parameters before and after treatment to provide a basis for assessing test product effectiveness and tolerability. On the strength of their findings, the authors concluded that the clinical and bacteriological activity of sulbenicillin was satisfactory and its local and general tolerability was excellent. The assembled findings indicate that the new antibiotic molecule can be used to advantage in the treatment of nontubercular bronchopulmonary infections, including severe or otherwise "difficult" cases, providing that the drug is administered at adequate dosages and for sufficiently long treatment periods. PMID- 3915278 TI - Urinary tract infections after renal transplantation. AB - From 1980 to 1983, 69 patients (36 male) with end-stage renal disease underwent kidney transplantation (11 from cadaveric donors). Twenty-six out of 69 (17 male) with a mean age of 37 years (range 16-50 years) developed 69 UTI episodes. The standard immunosuppressive regimen consisted of prednisolone and azathioprine and, in selected cases, antilymphocyte globulin or cyclosporin A were given for a short period of time. Thirty-five episodes (50%) occurred within two months of the operation. The most commonly isolated bacteria were E. coli (28 cases), Ps. aeruginosa (16) and Proteus mirabilis (9). Kidney graft dysfunction, diabetes mellitus, urological complications and antirejection treatment were the main predisposal factors. Recurrence or reinfections were finally diagnosed in 19/26 patients (73%). Thirteen patients presented with asymptomatic bacteriuria (55% of episodes). Aminoglycosides, ureidopenicillins and third-generation cephalosporins were found to be very effective for treating severely ill, febrile patients. In addition, trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole and mecillinam were useful for patients on long-term chemotherapy. There were no deaths or impairment of the renal graft function directly attributable to the urinary infection. In conclusion, UTIs are a very common cause of morbidity in kidney graft recipients, with the highest incidence in the early post-transplant period. Recurrences or reinfections occur often and asymptomatic bacteriuria is a common finding which needs not be treated aggressively in the absence of symptoms or obstructive uropathy. Patient and graft survival in the long term remain unaffected by the presence of the urinary infection. PMID- 3915279 TI - Peroperative systemic prophylaxis in colorectal surgery. AB - In an effort to reduce infection rates in elective colorectal surgery to acceptable levels without oral non-absorbable antimicrobials, using only a short course of systemic antimicrobials, 50 patients were studied in a multicentre trial. Each patient received metronidazole for anti-anaerobic coverage. The anti aerobic coverage consisted of netilmicin, cefuroxime or placebo, administered in a double-blind manner. Five out of 36 evaluable patients had an infection at the operation site. Two patients had peritonitis (one metronidazole-netilmicin and one metronidazole-placebo) and three had a wound abscess in the abdominal wall (all metronidazole-placebo). It is concluded that a short course of peroperative systemic prophylaxis with metronidazole and netilmicin or cefuroxime--without the use of oral non-absorbable antimicrobials--gave acceptable results in the centres studied. PMID- 3915280 TI - Aclarubicin: experimental and clinical experience. AB - Aclarubicin, discovered by Umezawa in 1975, is a new cytostatic anthracycline antibiotic. It is one of the anthracyclines with the lowest cardiotoxicity, it is not mutagenic and it stimulates differentiation of tumour cells. The therapeutic index of aclarubicin (efficacy related to toxicity) is higher than that of doxorubicin and daunorubicin, using a proper dose schedule. Single dose therapy of aclarubicin shows only marginal efficacy, whereas multiple divided dose therapy exhibits efficacy comparable to that of doxorubicin and daunorubicin. Thus for clinical trials two dose schedules were designed: 25 mg/m2/day, days 1-7 for acute leukaemia; and 30 mg/m2/day, days 1-4 for solid tumours. Aclarubicin was shown to be highly active in acute leukaemia with 58% complete remissions in first relapse of AML. Good results were also seen in acute leukaemia in combination with cytosine arabinoside and thioguanine. In clinical trials with breast cancer and thyroid cancer the efficacy was in the same range as would be expected for doxorubicin, but side-effects were markedly reduced. Anorexia, mild nausea and infrequent vomiting were observed. Myelosuppression was common but dose reduction was not necessary. There was no alopecia and no congestive heart failure. PMID- 3915281 TI - The new anthracycline 4-demethoxydaunorubicin by oral route in advanced pretreated breast cancer and melanoma. A pilot study. AB - 4-Demethoxydaunorubicin (4-DMDR) was administered orally at the dose of 15 mg/m2 daily for 3 consecutive days at three-weekly intervals to 28 patients with advanced pretreated breast cancer and 9 patients with disseminated pretreated melanoma. A partial remission was observed in 6 out of 20 evaluable breast cancer patients (30%) for a median duration of 6 months and in one out of 7 evaluable patients with melanoma (14%) for a duration of 3 months. Side-effects included leucopenia in 78% of patients (less than 1000 wbc/cmm in 8%), nausea in 32% and mild vomiting in 16%. The preliminary results of this ongoing study on 4-DMDR administered orally show that the regimen is well tolerated in the majority of patients and that it has antitumour activity in advanced breast cancer. PMID- 3915282 TI - Combined polychemotherapy in the treatment of primitive lung cancer of the "non oat cell" type. AB - Forty-one patients (30 males, 11 females; mean age 49.7 years) with diagnosis of the "non-oat cell" type of lung cancer were studied. All patients were included in a randomized treatment design (regimens A and B) and completed six full cycles of polychemotherapy. Only 28 of the 41 patients proved evaluable. The performance status was 0-2 in 20 subjects (71.4%) and 3-4 in 8 (28.6%). The total number of patients achieving partial and complete responses was 20 (71.4%), of whom 14 (70%) received CDDP and the other 6 DDR. A progression of the disease was seen in 8 patients (28.6%), of whom 5 (62.5%) received DDR and the other 3 (37.5%) CDDP. An increase in body weight (3-8 kg) was observed in 15 patients (53.6%). Twenty four of the 28 patients (85.7%) had a subjective feeling of well-being throughout the 6 cycles of chemotherapy. Nausea and vomiting and alopecia were the most frequent side-effects. The most important complications were paralytic ileus in 2 cases and a darkish manifestation in forearm and hand tissue due to vinblastine extravasation in another 2 cases. Haematological toxicity was found to be acceptable: leucopenia (less than 3.000) in 30 patients (73.2%); and thrombocytopenia (less than 100.000) in 12 patients (29.2%), which proved reversible. Some modalities relative to treatment schemes and the incorporation of additional agents are discussed. PMID- 3915283 TI - In vivo and in vitro immunomodulatory ability of streptococcal mitogen: effects on adjuvant disease in the rat; on homograft rejection in the mouse; and on the appearance of Ia antigens on human T lymphocytes. AB - Streptococcal mitogen (SM) is an extracellular product of group A streptococci, nonspecifically mitogenic for both B and T lymphocytes. The mitogenic activity of SM is resistant to digestion with trypsin, to heating at 100 degrees C for 5 min and to treatment with dithiothrietol. The proliferative response of lymphocytes from patients with a history of rheumatic fever is similar to that of lymphocytes from healthy donors when stimulated with optimal concentrations of SM, but is significantly reduced when low doses of SM are used. Rats were treated with s.c. injections of SM for 21 days at various times from the injection with adjuvant: both primary and secondary reactions in the joints were depressed, more so with pretreatment and early treatment. A similar pattern of response was observed in the survival of A tail skin grafts on the flank of CBA mice: a strain combination with strong H-2 incompatibility. Human T lymphocytes stimulated with SM acquired Ia antigens and the ability to stimulate allogeneic and autologous lymphocytes in mixed lymphocyte reactions. An involvement of Ia antigens in these reactions was indicated by the specific block by monoclonal antibodies to human Ia antigens. T lymphocytes may acquire Ia antigens following exposure to an appropriate antigen. If this occurs following a streptococcal infection, our in vitro findings suggest that Ia bearing T cells may play a role in the immunopathological events which can follow a streptococcal infection. This in vitro system may be a useful model to analyse these immunopathological events and to develop therapeutic approaches in autoimmune conditions. The in vitro findings, together with the observed suppressive effects on the in vivo models described, indicate that SM is a valuable means for study and manipulation of a variety of immune responses. PMID- 3915284 TI - The influence of some cephalosporins on immunological response. AB - The effect of cefotaxime and cephradine on the activity of some immune mechanisms was investigated in mice. It was found that cefotaxime in therapeutic doses did not affect the humoral and cellular immune response against sheep erythrocytes, whereas cephradine suppressed the humoral response in doses corresponding to those used for the treatment of patients. The response in vitro of mouse spleen lymphocytes to PHA was suppressed by both cephalosporins; however this occurred at therapeutic concentrations only in the case of cephradine. Neither cephalosporin affected the phagocytic and chemotactic activity of mouse peritoneal macrophages and rabbit microphages. PMID- 3915285 TI - Effect of pH on the morphology of Staphylococcus aureus. AB - Nineteen strains of Staphylococcus aureus (10 sensitive and 9 resistant to oxacillin) were grown for four hours on membranes placed on trypticase soy agar at pH 5, 5.5, 6, 6.5, 7.1, 7.5, 7.8 and 8.3. The morphology was observed by interference phase contrast and by electron microscopy. All strains grown at pH 6 to 7.5 produced cocci of normal size. When grown at pH 5, 5.5, 7.8 and 8.3, however, seven of the oxacillin-resistant strains and seven of the oxacillin sensitive strains produced bacterial cells 1.5 to 2 micron in diameter. These cells consist of a cluster of staphylococci held together by multiple thick cross walls. Their structure is similar to that of staphylococci grown in the presence of subminimum inhibitory concentrations of beta-lactam antibiotics, which inhibit autolysis of cross walls. It appears that autolysis of cross walls of S. aureus is also inhibited by a low or a high pH. PMID- 3915286 TI - Clinical study with cefoxitin in paediatrics. AB - A trial of cefoxitin was performed on 25 children needing urgent and accurate antibiotic therapy before laboratory test results could be made available. Cefoxitin proved to be highly active in the treatment of infections of bacterial origin. It was therefore found suitable for use in the clinical situation where the urgency of the need for treatment differs from theoretical practice. PMID- 3915287 TI - Cefuroxime versus ceftriaxone prophylaxis in cardiovascular surgery. AB - In a randomized, prospective study a 2-day course of cefuroxime prophylaxis (Zinacef, 1.5g every 12 h) was compared with 2-day ceftriaxone prophylaxis (Rocephin, 2g i.v. plus 1g i.v. after 24 h). To date 512 patients undergoing cardiac (n = 418) and major vascular surgery (n = 94) entered the study: 258 in the cefuroxime and 254 in the ceftriaxone group. The one-month lethality rate was 1.0%. The total infection rate was 4.7% (12 patients in the cefuroxime and 12 in the cefuroxime group. Septicaemia occurred in 1-4% (cefuroxime n = 4; ceftriaxone n = 3); pneumonia in 2% (5 vs 5 patients). One patient developed diarrhoea due to Clostridium difficile. Plasma concentrations of ceftriaxone were measured (HPLC method) over the first 24 h in 110 patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Plasma concentrations 24 h post-injection were 25.4 +/- 12.7 micrograms/ml. Prophylaxis with either cefuroxime or ceftriaxone was highly effective. The mean plasma levels of ceftriaxone achieved are far in excess of the MICs for the microorganisms commonly associated with infection following cardiovascular surgery, with the exception of Bacteroides and Pseudomonas. A single dose of ceftriaxone should therefore provide adequate prophylaxis for most patients undergoing major cardiovascular surgery. PMID- 3915288 TI - Position of ceftazidime in respiratory diseases. AB - Twenty patients (10 males and 10 females), ranging in age from 53 to 81 years, were treated with ceftazidime, 2-3 g/day i.m., for 12 to 15 days. All patients were suffering from moderate to severe infections of the lower respiratory tract (6 cases of pneumonia and 14 cases of acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis). In addition, almost all patients presented severe local and general predisposing factors (three patients with lung cancer, two with bronchiectasis and 14 with respiratory insufficiency). The aetiological agents responsible for the infections were mainly Gram-negative bacteria (6 Klebsiella pneumoniae, 4 Haemophilus influenzae, 4 Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 3 Proteus strains). The clinical and microbiological results of the treatment were good. With the exception of one case of maculopapular rash, none of the patients complained of adverse reactions and no toxic effects were observed. PMID- 3915289 TI - Genetically engineered insulin: five years of experience. AB - Genetically engineered insulin is the first application of recombinant DNA technology which has gone into industrial production and wide clinical use. Four years after the first clinical trials, it appears that there are only minor pharmacokinetic differences from purified pork insulin; in particular, a faster subcutaneous absorption for both regular and NPH forms. The hypoglycaemic potency of genetically engineered insulin is identical to that of purified pork insulin but a weaker effect on counterregulatory hormones has been reported. However, the main advantage of biosynthetic human insulin is its species specificity, which reduces its immunogenicity. Convincing results were obtained in patients suffering from insulin-produced adverse reactions such as insulin resistance or allergy, although biosynthetic human insulin does have some immunological properties and crossreacts with beef or pork insulin antibodies. PMID- 3915290 TI - Plasticity of astrocytes in primary cultures: an experimental tool and a reason for methodological caution. AB - Astrocytes in primary cultures constitute an exceedingly useful preparation for studies of astroglial development and function. These cells, however, demonstrate a pronounced plasticity in their reactions to culturing conditions. Thus, species and spatiotemporal region of CNS chosen for source of cells, dissociation procedures used, cell density in culture, culture medium chosen, type and/or concentration of serum used (if any) and exposure to dibutyryl cyclic AMP (dBcAMP) may all markedly affect the epigenotype of the cells. This provides an experimental tool for studies of astroglial development and function, but is at the same time a reason for caution in the interpretation of data when such cultured cells are used as models of their in vivo counterparts. About 95% of the cells in cultures used by the authors are positive for astrocyte-specific markers (glial fibrillary acidic protein and glutamine synthetase), and the cells possess presumably astrocytic characteristics such as high potassium permeability. This latter characteristic may be drastically altered by minor changes in culturing conditions. It is likely that an overwhelming majority of the astrocytes in such cultures are protoplasmic in nature. Addition of dBcAMP to the culture medium results in a pronounced morphological and a more modest functional differentiation. PMID- 3915291 TI - In vitro studies on the maturation of mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons. AB - The use of neural culture is illustrated by the study of the in vitro development of a well defined neuronal system in the brain: the mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons of the rodent species. After a brief survey of its ontogenetic development, the various experimental techniques for its study in vitro are described. Such an approach has allowed the discovery of influences brought by a target area, like the striatum, on the maturation of these neurons. A new kind of local morphogenic interactions between these neurons and their glial partners is also reported. PMID- 3915293 TI - [Possible influence of the delivery route on the size of the lateral ventricles of the brain of newborn infants. Preliminary report]. PMID- 3915292 TI - Gerontological training for speech-language pathologists: an initial assessment of the need and benefits. PMID- 3915294 TI - Steroid sensitivity of chronic uraemic and renal transplant patients measured by the antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity reaction. AB - The steroid (methylprednisolone) sensitivity of chronic uraemic and renal transplant patients was examined on the basis of the extent of inhibition of the antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) reaction, and via the effect on the ADCC capacity test (ADCC-C). Individuals with an inhibition of 30% or more were classified as steroid-sensitive. Immunopharmacological tests and the clinical picture showed 67%, 12 of the 18 renal transplant patients to be steroid sensitive. In 92% of the cases the transplanted kidney was functioning well one year or more postoperatively. In 5 of the 6 steroid-resistant patients rejection necessitated removal of the transplanted kidney. The method is simple to perform and gives reproducible results, and appears suitable for application in clinical practice. PMID- 3915295 TI - [Aggressive surgical treatment of orbital mucormycosis and its complications]. PMID- 3915296 TI - [Teratogenic agents in man]. PMID- 3915297 TI - [Zinc, the immune system and autoimmune diseases]. PMID- 3915298 TI - Neurodegenerative diseases of infancy and childhood. (Part I). PMID- 3915299 TI - Neonatal malaria. PMID- 3915300 TI - Toxoplasmosis in animals and the public health aspects. PMID- 3915302 TI - Oxygen radicals in complement and neutrophil-mediated acute lung injury. AB - The development of experimental acute lung injury following systemic complement activation is closely related to availability of blood neutrophils. Although tissue-destructive neutrophil-derived proteinases may play a supportive role in acute pulmonary injury, it appears that oxygen radical constitute the major neutrophil product responsible for acute damage of lung tissues and cells. Intravascular activation of neutrophils by the chemotactic complement peptide C5a is related to the generation of superoxide anion. Dismutation of superoxide to hydrogen peroxide and its iron-mediated conversion to hydroxyl radical appear to constitute in vivo events that ultimately lead to acute lung microvascular injury. PMID- 3915301 TI - Pathological mechanisms in carbon tetrachloride hepatotoxicity. AB - Liver cell injury induced by carbon tetrachloride involves initially the metabolism of carbon tetrachloride to trichloromethyl free-radical by the mixed function oxidase system of the endoplasmic reticulum. It is postulated that secondary mechanisms link carbon tetrachloride metabolism to the widespread disturbances in hepatocyte function. These secondary mechanisms could involve the generation of toxic products arising directly from carbon tetrachloride metabolism or from peroxidative degeneration of membrane lipids. The possible involvement of radical species such as trichloromethyl (.CCl3), trichloromethylperoxy (.OOCCl3), and chlorine (.Cl) free radicals, as well as phosgene and aldehydic products of lipid peroxidation, as toxic intermediates is discussed. Data do not support the view that an increase in cytosolic free calcium is important in the toxic action of carbon tetrachloride or bromotrichloromethane. In addition, carbon tetrachloride-induced inhibition of very low density lipoprotein secretion by hepatocytes is not a result of elevated levels of cytosolic free calcium. PMID- 3915303 TI - Mechanisms of lipid peroxidation. AB - This article provides an overview of how peroxidation of unsaturated lipids takes place and how it can be measured. Several different aspects of free-radical mediated lipid peroxidation are discussed, including: the catalytic role of chelated iron and other redox metal ions; induction by reducing agents such as superoxide, ascorbate, and xenobiotic free radicals; suppression by antioxidant chemicals and enzymes; and how peroxidation that depends on pre-existing hydroperoxides (lipid hydroperoxide-dependent initiation of lipid peroxidation) can be distinguished from that which does not (lipid hydroperoxide-independent initiation of lipid peroxidation). Attention is also given to non-radical, singlet oxygen-driven peroxidation and how this can be resolved from radical driven processes. PMID- 3915304 TI - Therapeutic benefits of oxygen radical scavenger treatments remain unproven. AB - Pharmaceutical firms and practitioners are rushing to test the medical benefits of oxy radical scavengers in a multitude of clinical situations despite the fact that convincing evidence of oxygen radical tissue damage in vivo is lacking and that properly controlled trials have been few and far between. Analysis of the therapeutic literature reveals disturbing discrepancies: unconvincing animal data, disparities between pharmacologic and enzymatic activity, and prolonged clinical improvements reported in situations where none should be expected. The proper control, inactivated scavenging enzyme, has never been used clinically or in animal models. The results of clinical trials with scavengers have a wider interpretation, since benefits are extrapolated to imply pathophysiologic mechanisms. It is especially important, therefore, no matter how hard we would like to believe that oxygen radical scavenging will be a therapeutic breakthrough, that we insist upon tightly designed clinical trials. PMID- 3915305 TI - Paraquat toxicity and effect of hydrogen peroxide on thermophilic bacteria. AB - Paraquat (PQ++) increased cyanide-resistant univalent respiration in cell suspensions of five strains of obligately thermophilic bacteria. PQ++ was reduced by an NADH: or NADPH:paraquat diaphorase and selectivity for NADH, NADPH, or both electron donors varied among the thermophiles. Superoxide anion production that was dependent on the presence of PQ++ was shown by following the superoxide dismutase-inhibitable reduction of cytochrome c. In addition, the PQ++-dependent formation of hydrogen peroxide from superoxide anion was evident in two of the thermophilic strains. Catalase synthesis was induced by adding hydrogen peroxide to the growth medium of the thermophiles. The induction of catalase to eliminate hydrogen peroxide appears to be an important response of these thermophilic bacteria to oxygen toxicity. PMID- 3915306 TI - Studies on malaria in Bhutan. PMID- 3915307 TI - Mass drug administration in Andhra Pradesh in areas under Plasmodium falciparum containment programme. PMID- 3915308 TI - Prevalence of Salmonella infections in Himachal Pradesh. PMID- 3915309 TI - Host endocrine effect on Setaria cervi. III. Influence of thyroidectomy and pancreatectomy on the microfilaraemia in white rats. PMID- 3915310 TI - Estimation of urine urobilinogen in cases of malarial pyrexia. PMID- 3915311 TI - Eye donation movement. PMID- 3915312 TI - Role of doctors in corneal grafting movement. PMID- 3915314 TI - But what does monitoring do to patient outcome? PMID- 3915313 TI - Calmodulin inhibitors potentiate hyperthermic cell killing. AB - The role of calmodulin (CaM) in cellular heat injury of neuroblastoma N2A and hepatoma H35 cells has been investigated, using specific calmodulin-inhibiting drugs (Trifluoperazine, Compound 48/80 and Calmidazolium). These CaM-specific drugs potentiate hyperthermia-induced cell killing, suggesting CaM to be involved in processes aimed on the repair of heat injury. The CaM inhibitors also prevent hyperthermia-induced cytoskeletal alterations in the cell types studied. The action of CaM inhibitors was dose dependent, and seems to be confined to the first period of the hyperthermic treatment. Neither production of heat shock proteins in heat-shocked cultures, nor the rate of protein synthesis in control cultures were affected by the CaM inhibitors. It was concluded that an inverse correlation exists between hyperthermic cell killing and cytoskeletal alterations. Activation of CaM is suggested to be a fundamental aspect of the cellular heat shock response. PMID- 3915315 TI - Experimental study in scleroma. PMID- 3915316 TI - The relationship between enterotoxin production and serotypes of E coli. PMID- 3915317 TI - Monotherapy with labetalol compared with propranolol. Differential effects by race. AB - The antihypertensive effect of oral labetalol and propranolol were evaluated in 65 black and 75 white patients with mild to moderate hypertension (standing diastolic blood pressure (StDBP) of 90-115 mmHg) in a double-blind multicenter clinical trial. Following a 4-week placebo phase, labetalol (n = 70) or propranolol (n = 70) was randomly assigned. During a 5-week titration phase, labetalol could be increased from 100 mg BID to 600 mg BID to achieve a StDBP of less than 90 mmHg and a decrement of greater than or equal to 10 mmHg. Propranolol could be titrated from 40 to 240 mg BID. A 3-month maintenance phase was followed by an optional 8-month maintenance phase. Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) could be added at any time during the maintenance phase. Supine and standing blood pressures were measured at each visit. Statistical analysis revealed significant (ANOVA, p less than 0.05) treatment by race effects. Therefore, the treatment groups were stratified retrospectively by race. This study demonstrated that labetalol is equally effective in white and black patients, whereas, propranolol is significantly (p less than 0.05) more effective in white than in black patients. Moreover, labetalol is significantly more effective than propranolol in lowering the standing systolic/diastolic blood pressure of black patients (p less than 0.02/p less than 0.001). These blood-pressure effects were accompanied by a significantly greater (p less than 0.04) reduction in heart rate with propranolol. Furthermore, significantly more (p less than 0.05) black patients treated with propranolol compared to those treated with labetalol required the addition of a diuretic for control of their blood pressure. PMID- 3915318 TI - Calcium-channel blockers and systemic hypertension. AB - Calcium-channel blockers selectively inhibit transmembrane flux of calcium in excitable tissues. Their ability to block calcium-mediated electromechanical coupling in contractile tissue produces peripheral vasodilation and has led to interest in their use for systemic hypertension. A postulated involvement of calcium in the development of the increased vascular tone of hypertension makes these agents appear particularly attractive for use as vasodilators. Clinical trials suggest a potentially important role for the calcium-channel blockers in the treatment of systemic hypertension. PMID- 3915319 TI - Dietary sodium intake increases vasopressin secretion in man. AB - Plasma vasopressin concentration and urinary vasopressin excretion were measured in a control situation, during sodium depletion and on days 1, 2, and 7 during high sodium intake in twelve 23-26-year-old men on a free-water intake. Urinary vasopressin excretion decreased from 6.7 +/- 1.0 ng/hr (control) to 3.9 +/- 0.3 ng/hr (p less than 0.01) when sodium excretion decreased from 188 +/ 18 to 16 +/- 2 mmol/24 hr. During the first day of high sodium intake, the urinary vasopressin excretion increased to 10.0 +/- 1.2 ng/hr (p less than 0.01) compared with control and remained high throughout the sodium repletion. Through all collection periods at low, normal, and high sodium intake, vasopressin excretion increased concomitantly with serum sodium concentration and osmolality. After low sodium intake for 7 days, the serum vasopressin concentration averaged 2.7 +/- 0.6 ng/l, and this level was maintained throughout the sodium repletion period. These results are compatible with a stimulatory effect of dietary sodium intake on pituitary vasopressin secretion in man. Dietary sodium may stimulate vasopressin secretion through extracellular osmolality or even by a direct effect of extracellular sodium on periventricular receptors. Plasma renin concentrations or sympathetic nervous activity offered no further explanations. Urinary vasopressin excretion provides more useful information than do plasma concentrations, as the latter can fluctuate rapidly. PMID- 3915320 TI - Glucose tolerance during chronic propranolol treatment. AB - Chronic diuretic therapy in hypertensive patients may be associated with a reversible deterioration in glucose tolerance. There is evidence to suggest that beta-blocker monotherapy may cause a deterioration in glucose tolerance in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus but little information about the effects of chronic beta-blocker treatment in hypertensive patients with normal glucose metabolism. A prospective evaluation of the effects of propranolol monotherapy on glucose tolerance was performed in 13 nondiabetic hypertensive patients. One patient developed diabetes mellitus after 1 month of treatment. Of 11 patients, 4 had a 30% or greater increase in fasting glucose after 1 year of therapy and a significant increase in fasting, and 2-hour postglucose-load venous plasma glucose occurred in the 9 patients completing 18 months of treatment. Although the biologic significance of these changes is questionable, the development of hyperglycemia in a patient receiving beta blockers could represent a side effect of drug therapy. PMID- 3915321 TI - Plasma noradrenaline and blood pressure in uremia. AB - To evaluate a possible correlation between sympathetic activity and blood pressure in uremia, catecholamines and blood pressure were determined in 81 uremic patients. In 34 of these 81 patients, thyroid hormones were also measured. In 16 patients on maintenance dialysis, a longitudinal study was performed to compare long-term blood pressure and catecholamine variations. No correlation was found between mean blood pressure and noradrenaline in the 81 patients as a whole, but when male and female patients were evaluated separately, a significant correlation was found in the former group. In the 34 patients, a correlation between mean blood pressure and noradrenaline was found only when hypothyroid patients were excluded. Variations in mean blood pressure induced by chronic dialysis were related to noradrenaline changes in the 16 patients studied. In conclusion, sympathetic activity seems to be correlated to blood pressure in uremic patients. PMID- 3915322 TI - Intravenous labetalol in the emergency treatment of hypertension. AB - Labetalol is a unique alpha- and beta-adrenergic-receptor blocking agent that has recently been approved for the treatment of hypertensive emergencies and urgencies. This agent lowers peripheral vascular resistance by vasodilatation with little or no effect on cardiac output. The method of administration of labetalol will be determined by the particular hypertensive emergency. Rapid reduction in blood pressure within 5 minutes follows the administration of a bolus injection of 1.0-2.0 mg/kg, whereas smaller minibolus injections of labetalol are associated with a more gradual reduction in blood pressure. Labetalol may also be administered by continuous incremental infusion for smooth control of blood pressure. The convenience and safety of labetalol makes this agent a valuable addition to our therapeutic armamentarium for the treatment of hypertensive urgencies or emergencies. PMID- 3915323 TI - Improved computer-assisted nuclear imaging in renovascular hypertension. AB - Computer-assisted dynamic renal studies using both the 90 second 99mTc-DTPA and the conventional 30 minute 131I-Hippuran methods were performed in nine patients with angiographically proven renal artery stenosis. Time activity curves for both studies were derived from regions of interest selected from the computer-acquired dynamic images. The following parameters were used to assess renal blood flow: differential maximum activity, minimum/maximum activity ratio, and peak width. The computer-assisted DTPA study accurately predicted (9/9) the stenotic side documented angiographically, whereas the conventional Hippuran scan was clearly predictive in only 57% (5/9). The best discriminatory factors for the 90 second 99mTc-DTPA scan, when compared to a normal template synthesized from curves obtained from normal subjects (20), were differential maximum activity and peak width. In conclusion, the computer-assisted 90 second 99mTc-DTPA renal blood flow scan was superior to the conventional 30 minute 131I-Hippuran scan in demonstrating unilateral renovascular disease. The DTPA study was highly predictive of the angiographic findings, and this noninvasive study may prove useful in the diagnosis and serial evaluation following surgery or angioplasty in patients having renal artery stenosis. PMID- 3915324 TI - [Arnold Theiler memorial lecture. Burning torches, old bones, ivory towers and red flags]. PMID- 3915325 TI - [Maxillofacial prosthesis design following hemimaxillectomy]. PMID- 3915326 TI - [Effect of cements and cementing methods on the retention of a new prefabricated screw post]. PMID- 3915327 TI - [Shear bond strength of a composite resin to etched porcelain]. PMID- 3915329 TI - Toxoplasma gondii infection of cats in Beirut, Lebanon. AB - The prevalence of serum antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii was determined by the indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) test in cats of Beirut, Lebanon from September 1980 to July 1983 (35 months). Testing revealed that 253/324 (78.1%) cats had antibodies in the IFA test. While the prevalence of Toxoplasma antibodies in stray cats was considerably greater than in owned cats at the beginning of the study, this difference diminished over time, and prevalence was similar by the end of the study. Faecal shedding of Toxoplasma-like oocysts was found in 31/313 (9.9%) of cats, while 38/313 (12.1%) shed other Isospora spp. oocysts. The occurrence of dual infections was statistically significant. PMID- 3915330 TI - Bacteriology of sore throats in a Sudanese population. AB - One hundred and eighty-six throat swabs were collected from patients with sore throats and 164 throat swabs were collected from healthy controls. All swabs were investigated bacteriologically, and sensitivity tests were performed on all pathogenic isolates. Group A Streptococcus pyogenes was the predominant pathogenic organism (24.7%) and Proteus vulgaris the least predominant organism (0.5%) isolated from patients with sore throats. Streptococcus pyogenes infection was found to be most common among school children between the ages of 9 and 12 (61.5%). The pathogenic organisms were found to be sensitive to erythromycin (92.6%). PMID- 3915331 TI - [Clinical tests in obstetrics. 11. Theory and application of ultrasonic tests]. PMID- 3915332 TI - [Changes in the practice of midwifery. 10. Conditions facing the midwives in the years following the end of the Second World War]. PMID- 3915333 TI - [Clinical tests in obstetrics. 12. Diagnosis of threatened abortion]. PMID- 3915334 TI - Innovative statutory approaches to civil commitment: an overview and critique. PMID- 3915335 TI - Empirical assessment of innovation in the law of civil commitment: a critique. PMID- 3915337 TI - [Gaspar Vianna, on the centenary of his birth]. PMID- 3915336 TI - The finding of Enterobius vermicularis eggs in pre-Columbian human coprolites. AB - Enterobius vermicularis eggs were found in human coprolites collected in the archaeological site of Caserones, Tarapaca Valley, Chile, dating from 400 BC to 800 AD. The human pinworm had already been found in other pre-historic archaeological sites in America, and its introduction in this continent is discussed. PMID- 3915338 TI - [When was Gaspar Vianna born, in 1885 or 1884?]. PMID- 3915339 TI - Reactive hyperemic responses of single arterioles are attenuated markedly after intestinal ischemia, endotoxemia and traumatic shock: possible role of endothelial cells. AB - There is at present no agreement as to why several organs in the body are often compromised very early after either blood and fluid loss or sepsis. Close inspection (utilizing electron microscopy) usually reveals that a great many of the endothelial cells (EC) are either destroyed, transformed, or have undergone morphological changes. Since: the intimal lining of blood vessels, i.e., EC, may be important in mediating vasodilator substances and mechanisms; and early in shock and trauma, the peripheral vasculature often over compensates and results in severe ischemia in the splanchnic tract, we wondered whether or not the ability of the arterioles of the rat mesenteric microvasculature to produce reactive hyperemic responses early after ischemia and shock might not be compromised. Although the normal response of arterioles to temporary occlusion is postocclusion hyperemia and vasodilatation, arterioles of rats subjected to bowel ischemia, circulating S. enteritidis endotoxin, or Noble Collip drum trauma exhibited marked inhibition (70-100%) of these responses early after induction of circulatory shock. We are tempted to speculate that the latter is related to the failure of EC to either produce a vasodilator substance(s) or for the released vasodilator substances (in response to the occlusion) to act appropriately on the microvascular smooth muscle cells. Our results may help to shed light on a rationale for multiple organ failure and on why vasodilator therapies often are ineffective in the treatment of circulatory shock and trauma. PMID- 3915340 TI - Is there evidence for venular large junctional gap formation in inflammation? AB - Inflammatory edema is associated with vascular macromolecular leakage. Various patterns of vascular macromolecular leakage may be produced depending on the severity and nature of the inflammatory stimulus resulting in transient and/or sustained increases in macromolecular permeability. Inflammatory stimuli which cause endothelial cell damage or destruction induces non-specific increases in macromolecular permeability in all injured microvessels. In the absence of endothelial cell injury, macromolecular permeability is increased in inflammation subsequent to the formation of inter-endothelial cell gaps in capillaries and venules. Various inflammatory mediators including histamine-type agents, immune complexes, and activated leukocytes induce venular large junctional gap formation. Individual, simultaneous, or sequential mediator effects could explain the various patterns of venular macromolecular leakage found in inflammation. The formation of endothelial cell junctional gaps in capillaries cannot be attributed to any known inflammatory mediator. The classical static small pore/large pore model of the microvascular membrane cannot explain the increased extravasation of macromolecules in inflammation. A dual static/variable large pore system would best describe macromolecular transport under normal and inflammatory conditions. PMID- 3915341 TI - The study of the lymphatics of the heart: an overview. AB - A good number of studies on the cardiac lymph flow and the results of its impairment have been done, but the potential value of such experimental approaches is far from realized. An overview of the study of the cardiac lymphatics is presented to give perspective to its importance, and hopefully to stimulate the interest of more investigators. PMID- 3915342 TI - The influence of tissue hydrostatic pressure and protein concentration on fluid and protein uptake by diaphragmatic initial lymphatics; effect of calcium dobesilate. AB - Net uptake of fluid and protein by rat diaphragmatic initial lymphatics was observed, at various tissue hydrostatic pressures (-5 to 25 cm water)--using the peritoneal cavity as a huge tissue space. Between -5 and +5 cms, the amount of fluid uptake was much increased as the protein concentration in the tissue fluid rose. This is as predicted by the colloidal osmotic pressure hypothesis of initial lymphatic filling; it is completely contrary to the hydrostatic pressure gradient hypothesis. However at 15 and 25 cm, the protein concentration had no effect on the fluid uptake. The initial lymphatics were acting as simple conduits, rather than as force-pumps. Fluid flowed down a hydrostatic pressure gradient, from the tissues to the collecting lymphatics. Fluid uptake was not directly proportional to the hydrostatic pressure gradient; it increased disproportionately at higher pressures--probably because of the dilatation of the initial lymphatics or their open junctions. Calcium dobesilate had no effect on fluid or protein uptake at the lower pressures, but significantly increased both of these at 25 cm of water. Probably it caused the collecting lymphatics to pump more, removing excess lymph which otherwise accumulated in them. This reduced the intralymphatic pressures in the initial lymphatics so that more fluid entered them. PMID- 3915343 TI - The efficacy of law as a paternalistic instrument. PMID- 3915344 TI - [Immunosuppressive therapy in neurologic diseases and antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii]. PMID- 3915345 TI - [Immunohistology--present-day status and its prospects]. PMID- 3915346 TI - [Epidemiological research on episodes of streptococcal pharyngo-tonsillitis in a circumscribed community]. PMID- 3915347 TI - [Vaginal microscopic evidence in women with symptoms of genital infection]. PMID- 3915348 TI - [Lysate derivates of some common bacterial species found in respiratory tract infections (preparation)]. PMID- 3915349 TI - [The highest concentrations of bacteria obtainable in vitro: their use in the assay of antibiotics and disinfectants]. PMID- 3915350 TI - [The "water Vibrio" of Puntoni in the waters of Castellammare di Stabia]. PMID- 3915351 TI - [Bone marrow transplantation in blood diseases and neoplasms]. PMID- 3915352 TI - [Interactions of complement components with the cells]. PMID- 3915353 TI - [Neuroectomesodermal dysplasias (phacomatoses): clinical and epidemiological problems]. PMID- 3915354 TI - [Selected problems of food contamination by aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons]. PMID- 3915355 TI - [Alkaline phosphatase from human tissues]. PMID- 3915356 TI - Insulin-induced receptor regulation in early gestation and term human placental cell cultures. AB - Human placentae of different gestational ages have been used to investigate the binding and degradation of insulin as well as the regulation of insulin membrane receptors. Bacitracin was found to be an effective inhibitor of insulin degradation in human early gestation and term placental cell cultures. In the presence of bacitracin, [125I]-insulin bound rapidly and reversibly: maximal binding occurred at 4 degrees C, with a sharp pH optimum at 7.5, and exhibited a high degree of specificity. The extent of binding was proportional to cell protein and [125I]-insulin concentrations. Term (38 to 41 weeks; n = 25) placental cell cultures possessed receptors for insulin that were increased three fold compared to early gestation (8 to 18 weeks; n = 17). This was due to an increase in receptor number with no significant alteration in affinity. A decrease in insulin binding in both early gestation and term placental cells was related to both the insulin and bacitracin concentrations present during 12 to 20 h of preincubation at 37 degrees C. The receptor loss was due to a decrease in the number of receptors per mg cell protein with no apparent change in their affinity. We conclude that our in vitro system, which utilizes human placental cells in monolayer culture, will permit a more direct study of the metabolic effects of insulin in both early gestation and term placentae. PMID- 3915357 TI - Amyloid P component in normal human placentae. AB - The presence of tissue amyloid P component was determined by using a direct immunofluorescence technique on frozen sections of normal human placentae and umbilical cords from gestations of various durations. Amyloid P component was first detected at the 16th week of gestation and appeared to increase progressively in amount so as to be present in abundance in the term placenta. Placental amyloid P component was present in the perifetal capillary zone where basement membrane-like material and reticulin fibres are also found. Amyloid P component may be related to the maturation of the placenta. PMID- 3915358 TI - Surgical strategies to prevent death in coronary artery disease: coronary artery by-pass surgery vs. medical treatment. PMID- 3915359 TI - Modern beta-lactam antibiotics. PMID- 3915361 TI - Is the mammalian ribonucleotide reductase really like Escherichia coli's ribonucleotide reductase? PMID- 3915360 TI - The influence of snake venom enzymes on blood coagulation. PMID- 3915362 TI - Distinct effects of pyridoxal phosphate on NAD- and NADP- linked malic enzymes of Escherichia coli. AB - NADP-linked malic enzyme from Escherichia coli W was inactivated by pyridoxal 5' phosphate (PLP) following pseudo-first order kinetics. The inactivation was, however, reversed upon addition of an aminothiol, such as penicillamine and cysteamine, whereas the activity was not restored, when the PLP-inactivated enzyme was treated with NaBH4 prior to the addition of aminothiol. The inactivating effect was specific to PLP and no other structural analogs of PLP tested inactivated the enzyme, except that pyridoxal exhibited a similar effect, though to a lesser extent. In contrast, NAD-linked malic enzyme from the same micro-organism was insensitive to PLP, even in the presence of 0.8 M guanidine hydrochloride. PMID- 3915363 TI - Physico-chemical aspects of cellular NMR water relaxation in normal and pathologic tissues. PMID- 3915364 TI - The chemistry and biochemistry of C-nucleosides and C-arylglycosides. PMID- 3915365 TI - Thalidomide and congeners as anti-inflammatory agents. PMID- 3915366 TI - Medical genetics and clinical neurology: the common ground. PMID- 3915367 TI - The genetics of muscular dystrophies. PMID- 3915368 TI - The genetics of epilepsy. PMID- 3915369 TI - Anomalous insertion of the inferior vena cava in the portal vein. AB - The ultrasonographic findings of anomalous insertion of the inferior vena cava in the portal venous system were evaluated and correlated with angiographic features. The ontogenic development of the relevant venous system is revisited, and the most important anomalies of the inferior vena cava are presented. An attempt is made to integrate our findings into the relevant classifications following the literature available. Possible developmental mechanisms of the malformation are discussed. PMID- 3915370 TI - [Plasmid multiresistance transference in enteropathogenic strains of serogroup 0111 Escherichia coli]. PMID- 3915371 TI - [Infective endocarditis in the 80's. Lessons learned from past and present problems]. PMID- 3915372 TI - [Systemic cryptococcosis]. PMID- 3915373 TI - [Malaria: an infectious disease that threatens us]. PMID- 3915374 TI - [Dentures in patients with deepening of the sulcus]. PMID- 3915376 TI - [Preliminary study of the influence of sanitary conditions on canine filariasis]. PMID- 3915375 TI - [A leptospirosis outbreak in the provinces of Camaguey and Las Tunas: serologic diagnosis, clinical characteristics and isolation of the microorganism]. PMID- 3915377 TI - [Plasmodium falciparum malaria resistant to 4-aminoquinoline drugs. Report of the first imported case from the People's Republic of Angola]. PMID- 3915378 TI - [A syndrome similar to visceral larva migrans in fascioliasis hepatica]. PMID- 3915379 TI - [In vitro maintenance of microfilaria]. PMID- 3915380 TI - [Malaria: a study of late recurrences]. PMID- 3915381 TI - [Malabsorption caused by Giardia lamblia. Correction between histologic changes and the d-xylose test]. PMID- 3915382 TI - [Effectiveness of paromomycin-I against Leishmania garnhami in heterozygote albino mice]. PMID- 3915383 TI - [Chronic pulmonary histoplasmosis. Report of a case]. PMID- 3915384 TI - [Comparative study of Mycobacterium cubense by phagotyping technics]. PMID- 3915385 TI - [Infectiousness of Leishmania garnhami promastigotes for the hamster]. PMID- 3915386 TI - [Lymphocyte membrane markers in patients with dengue hemorrhagic fever]. PMID- 3915387 TI - [Cutaneous diseases in Addis Ababa]. PMID- 3915388 TI - Intimate host-tumor interaction in the spontaneous reticulum cell sarcoma of SJL/J mice: is it an exceptional case? PMID- 3915389 TI - Chromosomal in situ hybridization and the molecular cytogenetics of cancer. PMID- 3915390 TI - Multiparameter analysis of immunohematological disorders by flow cytometry. PMID- 3915391 TI - [Various aspects of Bordeaux dentistry (1895-1935)]. PMID- 3915392 TI - [An indirect bonding technic using a double mixture]. PMID- 3915393 TI - [The ultrasonographic cholecystogram with intramuscular ceruletide]. PMID- 3915394 TI - [Bagassosis. Report of a case]. PMID- 3915396 TI - [New ceiling pedicle in the surgical treatment of pathological dislocations and hip dysplasias. Preliminary results]. PMID- 3915395 TI - [The poet Ronsard's gout: psychosomatic aspects]. PMID- 3915397 TI - Protection of athymic (Nu/Nu) BALB/c mice against Plasmodium berghei by splenocytes from normal (Nu/+) BALB/c mice. PMID- 3915398 TI - Trypanosoma cruzi: cell charge distribution. PMID- 3915399 TI - [Inactivated vaccine against trivalent influenza. Comparative study of the immune response by hemagglutination inhibition and simple radial hemolysis methods]. PMID- 3915400 TI - [Conception and organization of a poison control center]. PMID- 3915401 TI - Circulating immune complexes in patients with glomerulonephritis and in renal transplant patients. PMID- 3915402 TI - Medical research as an instrument to support the "health for all" concept of the World Health Organization. PMID- 3915403 TI - [Corrective periodontal surgery]. PMID- 3915404 TI - [Lymphomas and pseudolymphomas in the digestive system: histopathological and immunohistochemical study of 16 cases in Tucuman (Argentina)]. AB - The authors reviewed all lymphoproliferative lesions involving the gastrointestinal tract diagnosed at the Centro de Salud Zenon J. Santillan Hospital, Department of Pathology, during the period (1963-1985). The histopathology of 16 lymphomas and pseudolymphomas have been studied, comparing the morphological and immunological findings. The lymphomas were reviewed by application of the Int. Working Formulation. The occurrence was 5 in the stomach, 3 in the small intestine, 4 in the large intestine and 2 in Waldeyer's Ring. In one necropsy case, multiple sites in the gastrointestinal tract were involved. In one other case the localization was only esophagic. In every case the various pathological forms of the associated mucosal changes, the localization and the depth of wall invasion were also recorded. In 4 cases (3 lymphomas and 1 pseudolymphoma) we were able to use the sections for immunohistochemical studies, which were found to be very useful as a complement to light microscopy. PMID- 3915405 TI - Monoclonal antibodies and immunodiagnosis of leukemia/lymphoma. PMID- 3915406 TI - Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria: recent advance in the clinical and laboratory studies on the Japanese patients. PMID- 3915407 TI - Recent advances in the study of megakaryocytic leukemia. PMID- 3915408 TI - Autoimmune neutropenia. PMID- 3915409 TI - Differentiation and function of natural killer cells. PMID- 3915410 TI - Correlation of karyotype with clinical features in acute leukemia. PMID- 3915411 TI - Leukemogenesis and chromosomal abnormalities: experimental animals. PMID- 3915412 TI - Oncogenes and chromosome aberrations in human cancer. PMID- 3915413 TI - Structure and function of antithrombin III. PMID- 3915414 TI - Functional abnormalities in hemoglobin variants: abnormalities in oxygen transport function. PMID- 3915415 TI - Allosteric mechanism deduced from the analysis of the variation of structure and function of abnormal hemoglobins. PMID- 3915416 TI - Is wuchereriasis a disappearing disease in Suriname? PMID- 3915417 TI - [Historical evolution of dentistry]. PMID- 3915418 TI - [Exposition of Charles Allen's minor treatise "The operator for the teeth" (1685 1985)]. PMID- 3915419 TI - Pulsatile administration of gonadotropin releasing hormone (Gn-RH) to lactating sows using a portable automatic pump ("Zyklomat"). PMID- 3915420 TI - The patient who refuses medical treatment: a dilemma for hospitals and physicians. AB - This article reviews recent case and statutory law concerning patients who refuse medical treatment. Among the special cases considered are: the competent adult patient who refuses treatment on religious or privacy grounds; the incompetent patient whose own wishes were never expressed, but whose family refuses treatment; the incompetent patient who expressed the wish not to be treated before becoming incompetent; and parents who refuse treatment on behalf of their child. It is pointed out that recent court decisions have blurred the distinctions between "extraordinary" care and "ordinary" care and between withholding and withdrawing life-sustaining treatment. Reference is made to the recent trend toward allowing the family of an incompetent patient to assert the patient's rights without court intervention either in the form of direct court order or through guardianship proceedings. Finally, the implications of these legal developments for health care institutions are discussed. A protocol pertaining to incompetent patients is proposed. Health care institutions are encouraged to develop formal policies for dealing with patients who refuse treatment, and to work with their professional associations in lobbying for legislation which will clarify the law in this area. PMID- 3915421 TI - Nurse practitioner challenges to the orthodox structure of health care delivery: regulation and restraints on trade. AB - Until recently, physicians have been the primary health care providers in the United States. In response to the rising health care costs and public demand of the past decade, allied health care providers have challenged this orthodox structure of health care delivery. Among these allied health care providers are nurse practitioners, who have attempted to expand traditional roles of the registered nurse. This article focuses on the legal issues raised by several major obstacles to the expansion of nurse practitioner services: licensing restrictions, third party reimbursement policies, and denial of access to medical facilities and physician back-up services. The successful judicial challenges to discriminatory practices against other allied health care providers will be explored as a solution to the nurse practitioners' dilemma. PMID- 3915422 TI - [The feminine ideal in the works of Henrik Ibsen]. PMID- 3915424 TI - Institutionalizing practice: historical and future perspectives. PMID- 3915423 TI - [Biphasic action of human growth hormones, of hypophyseal origin or bacterial production, on the lipolysis of rat adipocytes in vitro]. AB - Actions of: human growth hormone resultant from hypophysis: HGH h (contaminated by beta LPH 1%) or produced by bacteria HGH b (pure), beta LPH resultant from human hypophysis, one of the somatomedins: multiplication stimulating activity (MSA), produced from a culture of rat hepatocytes, are considered in lipolysis of rat adipocytes "in vitro": basal, stimulated by epinephrine (0.1 and 1 microgram/ml), and when insulin is present (0.1 and 1 mUI/ml), during two periods I: 0-1 h 30, II: 1 h 30 - 4 h (hormonal addition at time 0). MSA appears to be antilipolytic during the two periods, between 0 and 4 h, with 500 ng/ml. A dose of 200 ng/ml is inactive. Beta LPH is lipolytic: 400 and 230 ng/ml, during phase I. At the ratio of the contaminate of HGH h 1000 ng/ml, resultant from hypophysis: 10 ng/ml, the action is less significant. Human growth hormones HGH h and HGH b appear to be: antilipolytic during the first period 0 1 h 30 with 1000 and 300 ng/ml, and, then lipolytic between 1 h 30 and 4 h with 1000, 300 and 100 ng/ml. The effect is pure with HGH b during the two periods, and, principally, during phase I when there is an absence of lipolytic contaminate. Biphasic action: antilipolytic, lipolytic, ascertained with a pure growth hormone: HGH b "in vitro" represents an effect "per se", non mediated by an eventual "in vivo" action of somatomedins. PMID- 3915425 TI - [Remembrance of Prof. Ignazio Fazzari. Festschrift]. PMID- 3915426 TI - Reconstruction of the carotid artery in radical neck dissection. AB - No permanent cure of head-and-neck cancer can be expected when the cancer infiltrates into the wall of the carotid artery. When the carotid artery was resected, the resultant hemiplegia poses very difficult postoperative rehabilitation problems, even though the cancer is eradicated. The recent development of vascular surgery has made reconstruction of the carotid artery feasible. In this paper, the authors reported the indications of reconstruction of the carotid artery in radical neck dissections and the surgical procedures. The indication of reconstruction of the carotid artery is determined by using of angiography, CT-scan and echography. Especially, echography is useful for determining the possibility of reconstructing the carotid artery. In the case of the infiltration type, we can start to remove tumor after preparing for the reconstruction of the carotid artery. The principle of surgical procedures consists of by-pass shunt with a vascular graft between the common and internal carotid arteries, excision of the artery with tumor and insertion of a vascular graft with end-to-end anatomoses. Concerning the selection of a vascular graft, an auto-vein graft is preferable to a synthetic graft in consideration of the postoperative patency of the vascular flow. Moreover, in the case of reconstructing the artery, preoperative irradiation has often been applied and a wide removal of the soft tissue is required, so it is recommended that the myocutaneous flap be used to cover the reconstructed area. PMID- 3915427 TI - Synthetic diagnosis of parotid tumor. AB - Computed tomography (CT), ultrasounds, and radioisotope scintigraphy (RI scinti) were applied before operation to 156 patients with parotid tumor, and the result of each test and/or the synthetic study of them were compared with the findings during operation and the pathological diagnosis of isolated tissue. CT was found to be a very effective diagnostic aid in determining the location of the tumor. CT and ultrasounds both provided adequately reliable information regarding the tumor content. For diagnosing the malignancy of the tumor, synthetic diagnosis using CT, ultrasounds and RI scinti had a high diagnostic accuracy. By using the above mentioned methods of diagnosis, an accurate preoperative diagnosis of the tumor could be obtained. PMID- 3915429 TI - Some considerations of osseointegration in clinical dentistry. PMID- 3915428 TI - [Root canal obturation: review of technics]. PMID- 3915430 TI - Surgical principles of the Branemark osseointegration implant system. PMID- 3915431 TI - Dental implants: a review of clinical approaches. PMID- 3915432 TI - Further enzyme polymorphism in Trypanosoma cruzi from Colombia. AB - The electrophoretic behavior of eleven soluble enzymes from three Colombian stocks of Trypanosoma cruzi was compared with representative stocks of three reference Brazilian zymodemes. Although separated by geographical barriers, the Colombian stocks showed the same isoenzyme profiles in 7 and 8 out of the eleven enzymes analyzed as the Brazilian reference zymodemes. The genetic distance separating the Colombian from the Brazilian zymodemes ranged from 0.25 to 0.46. However, even for this small sample, six new enzyme patterns and new combinations in enzyme profile were found. The existence of new zymodemes is indicated and a wider variation in T. cruzi isoenzyme types is demonstrated. PMID- 3915433 TI - Synthesis and kinetic parameters of hydrolysis by trypsin of some acyl-arginyl-p nitroanilides and peptides containing arginyl-p-nitroanilide. AB - Four acyl-arginyl-p-nitroanilides, nine acetyl-(or benzoyl)-aminoacyl-arginyl-p nitroanilides and twelve acyl-(or free alpha-amino-)dipeptidyl-arginyl-p nitroanilides were synthesized, and the kinetic parameters for tryptic hydrolysis of these substrates were determined in 100 mM Tris-HCl buffer, pH 8.0, containing 10 mM CaCl2 at 37 degrees C. Among the acyl-arginyl-p-nitroanilides, Octanoyl-Arg pNA was hydrolyzed four times more rapidly by trypsin than the commonly used substrate Benzoyl-Arg-pNa. The best trypsin substrates contain proline and norleucine at subsite P2, indicating that unbranched aliphatic side chain folded as the beta, gamma and delta methylenes are in proline provides the most favorable conditions for S2P2 interaction. Extending the length of the substrates from di- to tripeptidyl-pNA did not have a large influence on the kinetic parameters. However, Phe at the P3 position had a clear favorable effect, in contrast to Pro, which is unfavorable only when the benzoyl group is present at P4. The series Ac-Phe (or D-Phe)-Gly-Arg-pNA and Phe (or D-Phe)-Gly-Arg-pNA were studied. The benzyl side chain of D-Phe has a more favorable interaction at S3 than Phe. A P4 - CO. . .HN-S4 hydrogen bond is proposed to stabilize P3/S3 interaction when an acetyl group is present on the alpha-amino group of the Phe residue, and the reverse would be expected to occur for the corresponding D epimer. PMID- 3915435 TI - The influence of inflammatory agents on giant cell formation. AB - The inoculation of live or dead BCG into the pocket formed by the insertion of glass coverslips into the subcutaneous tissue of mice caused a drastic reduction of giant cell formation on the glass surface. Conversely, when carrageenan was used, the number of polykaria increased. Live BCG also induced a decrease in the number of giant cell nuclei, whereas killed bacteria had no effect. In contrast, carrageenan caused the opposite phenomenon. The transformation of foreign body giant cells into Langhans type cells was almost blocked in the presence of live BCG. These data support the concept that inflammatory giant cell formation depends on the rate of macrophage turnover within the lesion. PMID- 3915434 TI - Amyloid P component is present in cultured human smooth muscle cells but not in cultured skin fibroblasts. AB - Amyloid P component deposition was detected by immunofluorescence with monospecific antibodies to human serum amyloid P in primary cell cultures of human smooth muscle cells isolated from blood vessels and gastric wall. Deposition was not detected in cultures of human skin fibroblasts. PMID- 3915436 TI - Microvascular surgery of the lower limb. AB - Microvascular surgery is now an essential ingredient in the range of reconstructional techniques available in lower limb surgery. It has a particular application in composite problems following trauma but wider applications are becoming apparent. PMID- 3915437 TI - Popliteal artery entrapment syndrome. AB - Popliteal artery entrapment syndrome (PAES) is caused by an abnormal anatomical relationship between vessels and muscle within the popliteal fossa. This may result in compression and ultimately thrombosis of the popliteal artery. Awareness of the condition is probably the most important factor in making the diagnosis. This article reviews the clinical features and management of PAES, with observations from personal experience of several cases. PMID- 3915438 TI - [Mercy killing]. PMID- 3915439 TI - [My compatriot: Guillaume Duchenne]. PMID- 3915440 TI - [Francois Mauriac: a creative old age]. PMID- 3915441 TI - [The 50th anniversary of the discovery of sulfonamides]. PMID- 3915442 TI - [Latent chronic alveolitis in collagen diseases. Diagnosis by bronchoalveolar lavage and its significance]. PMID- 3915443 TI - [Commercialization of a product containing trichlorofluoromethane and dichlorodifluoromethane intended to be used as an aerosol on the surface of kitchen and bakery utensils]. PMID- 3915444 TI - [Epidemiological analysis of the outbreak of bacillary dysentery in Xinjiang]. PMID- 3915445 TI - [Epidemiology of Campylobacter jejuni infection]. PMID- 3915446 TI - [Epidemiology of hydatid cyst in Tunisia. Value of mass serologic surveys of hydatid cyst]. AB - Three serological surveys were conducted for mass detection of hydatidosis in Tunisia. Microtubes were used for sampling of serum and plasma eluates were tested by the E. L. I. S. A. technique. More than 2,500 persons, mainly originating from rural areas (Souks, primary schools, military recruits, village dispensaries) were studied. 2/3 of individuals examined simultaneously underwent abdominal echotomography the findings of which were compared to those of serology. The whole data were discussed with respect to current status of hydatidosis in Tunisia. PMID- 3915447 TI - [Malaria in Tunisia: history and present status]. PMID- 3915448 TI - [Escherichia coli diarrhea of children and adults at the Brazzaville General Hospital]. AB - The high number of the strains of Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolated from faeces, demonstrated that this bacteria takes the first place in diarrhoea. These isolations had the same frequency all the year long. In infants, the enteropathogenic E. coli (E. P. E. C.) (28.57%) are still frequent contrary to developed countries. The E. coli with hemagglutination phenomenon (colonisation factors) but without toxin detected were also responsible (mortality 6%). The E. coli without toxin and not belonging to E. P. E. C. group were also frequent (71.42%). In adults, only the enteroinvasive E. coli (E. I. E. C.) (16.6%) and the E. coli with hemagglutination but without toxin detected (16.6%) were observed. This situation is due to bad hygienic conditions among the people and the tropical climate. PMID- 3915449 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of amodiaquine and prevention of Plasmodium falciparum malaria]. AB - Amodiaquine might appear as an alternative in prophylaxis of chloroquine resistant P. falciparum malaria. In an attempt to explain the discrepancy between its in vivo-in vitro activity, a pharmacokinetic study was conducted in healthy subjects with HPLC assays. The results showed that: amodiaquine was no more detected in the blood, a main metabolite (monodesethyl derivative) appeared as the active form of the drug in vivo, metabolite's half-life had a mean value of 15.6 +/- 5.4 days. This study shows that monodesethylamodiaquine (and not amodiaquine) must be monitored in vitro. Furthermore the high individual variations of blood levels and half-life's values suggest that the weekly prophylactic schedule must be eventually re-evaluated. PMID- 3915450 TI - [Treatment with halofantrine of Plasmodium falciparum malaria imported into France]. AB - Halofantrine is a 9-phenanthrene-methanol effective against multiresistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum. It is extremely effective and well-tolerated in treating cases of malaria imported into France. 1,500 mg in 3 doses at 8 hour intervals produced 100% cure rate in semi-immune patients. This dosage could be repeated after 14 days in order to obtain the same cure rate in non-immune patients. Side-effects are minor and include epigastric pain, nausea and one case of skin rash. PMID- 3915451 TI - [Drug resistance in malaria, what to do? Apropos of 3 cases]. AB - The authors report three clinical observations of drug resistance; two of them have their origin in French Guiana and the third one in East Africa. They note that these cases are linked to bad advice of prevention concerning the risk of malaria, diagnosis carried out sometimes late for these zones of resistance; they recommend: to inform and teach the patient how to use a self-treatment in case of bout of malaria, to give better advice to the Physicians concerning the reality of malaria in 1985 instead of using a complex diagram of chemoprophylaxis. PMID- 3915452 TI - [The intracorneal suture: a simple procedure for correcting astigmatism following cataract surgery]. PMID- 3915453 TI - [Evaluation of forces exerted on the teeth by the elastic rubber bands of orthodontic appliances]. PMID- 3915454 TI - [Bone from the mandibular symphysis in secondary correction of the nose in clefts]. PMID- 3915455 TI - Photic influences on the developing mammal. AB - In adult mammals, the daily light-dark cycle acts via the retinohypothalamic pathway to entrain the circadian clock in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) and to communicate information about daylength to photoperiodic species. Studies in rats show that during late fetal and early neonatal life, before the retinohypothalamic pathway has innervated the SCN, the maternal circadian system entrains the timing of the developing clock to prevailing lighting conditions. Although the nature of the maternal output signal(s) used to entrain the developing clock has not been elucidated, the maternal SCN are a necessary component of maternal entrainment during both prenatal and postnatal life. Maternal entrainment of the fetal and neonatal clock thus ensures that the developing circadian system is synchronized to the outside world until maturation of the retinohypothalamic pathway permits direct photic entrainment. The maternal circadian system is not only necessary for entrainment of the developing circadian system, but recent studies suggest it may also provide the immature mammal with important photoperiodic information. In the montane vole (Microtus montanus) and the Djungarian hamster (Phodopus sungorus), the prenatal photoperiod affects postnatal photoperiodic responses, and cross-fostering experiments show that this information about daylength is perceived by the fetus. This prenatal information, in conjunction with postnatal perception of photoperiod, allows the developing animal to determine which way the season is changing and to modify the rate of reproductive maturation accordingly. PMID- 3915457 TI - [Estrogen receptor (ER) status of breast cancer cells. I. Classification of breast cancer cells bound with fluoresceinate-estrogen]. AB - Based on the location and intensity of fluoresceinate-estradiol or 17 fluoresceinate-estrone bound to breast cancer cells, the estrogen receptor (ER) status of breast cancer cells were classified into A. B. C. D and E types. The type A was the entire cell marked with fluorescent brightness, B was nucleus marked with fluorescence but not the cytoplasm, C was cytoplasm but not the nucleus, D was only the nucleolus concentrated with fluorescence and type E was very faint fluorescence presented in the entire cell. Types A, B and C were taken as positive, and the others negative. Twenty human breast cancer cells bound with fluoresceinate-estradiol were evaluated by computer image processing technique and it was demonstrated that each of the five types of cells could be identified. The instant and contiguous observation after dropped the 17-fluoresceinate estrone demonstrated the simultaneous presence of all these five types of cells. The breast cancer cells bound with fluorescence light the distribution of ER within a cell and, hence, the possibility of morphologic and biologic investigation of ER. PMID- 3915456 TI - [Pulmonary manifestations of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)]. PMID- 3915458 TI - [Radiotherapy of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the nasal cavity--report of 48 cases]. AB - From Mar. 1958 through Dec. 1977, a series of 48 patients with Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in the nasal cavity was treated by radiotherapy in our hospital. The incidence of the disease was only 4.8% (48/983) of all malignant lymphomas during the same interval. The ratio of this tumor with the lymphoma arising for the nasopharynx, tonsil and the base of the tongue is 1:2, 1:3, 9:1. It has an equal chance of locating on the left or right, but was bilateral in 4 patients. In 4, the nasopharynx; 3, the maxillary antrum and 14, the neighboring soft tissues were invaded. The stage IA and IIA lesions as treated by radiotherapy gave 1, 3, 5, 10 and 15 year survival rates of 96%, 82%, 78%, 67% and 44% respectively. Stage IIIA lesions gave a 5 year survival of 25%. All patients with stage IIIB and IV lesions as treated by combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy died within one year. Those involving the neighboring soft tissues and organs could give a 5 year survival of only 25% and 33%. The prognosis was influenced by the stage and radiation technique. The radiation field must be extensive enough to include the whole nasal cavity (cross the middle line by 1 cm), nasopharyx, the ipsilateral maxillary antrum, hard palate and the regional lymphatic areas. An optimum dose of 5000-6000 rad/five-six week is advisable for this kind of tumour. It is suggested that total body or hemibody irradiation be advisable for cases with distant metastases. Late sequela of cataract calls for meticulous protection of the eye during the initial radiotherapy. PMID- 3915459 TI - Comparison of ranitidine, domperidone maleate and ranitidine + domperidone maleate in the short-term treatment of reflux oesophagitis. AB - In the treatment of reflux oesophagitis, either drugs preventing regurgitation of gastric juice in the lower oesophagus or pharmacological agents increasing the pH of the refluxing material are employed. In the present study 45 outpatients with reflux oesophagitis were randomly treated with either ranitidine (150 mg b.i.d.) or domperidone maleate (20 mg t.i.d.) or both drugs for six weeks. Before and after treatment the severity of dyspeptic symptoms and the grade of endoscopic and histological changes were assessed. The three therapeutic regimens were significantly and equally effective in inducing symptomatic relief and promoting endoscopic and histological disappearance or improvement of oesophagitis. The combined use of ranitidine and domperidone maleate failed to show any additional benefit compared with treatment with either drug alone. PMID- 3915460 TI - Efficacy of penbutolol + piretanide combinations in the treatment of arterial hypertension. AB - The efficacy and tolerability of penbutolol alone and in combination with piretanide at two dose levels were investigated in a double-blind parallel group study in patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension. All three treatments were given as a single daily dose. One hundred and eight patients entered the study; 82 completed a 7-day placebo run-in period followed by 3 weeks of active therapy. Penbutolol 20 mg plus piretanide 3 mg and penbutolol 40 mg plus piretanide 6 mg both produced a significantly greater reduction in supine diastolic blood pressure (16% and 19% respectively) than penbutolol 20 mg (9%). The reduction in supine diastolic blood pressure was significant for all three treatments with respects to the baseline reading. Side-effects were generally mild and transient and were similar in type and incidence in the three groups. Six patients did not complete the trial period because of an excessive response to the hypotensive medication: five in the high dose combination group, and one in the low dose combination group. Low doses of penbutolol (20 mg) and piretanide (3 mg) used in combination and in a once-daily administration provide a simple, effective and well tolerated regimen for patients with mild to moderate hypertension. PMID- 3915461 TI - Antipyretic effect of tenoxicam and paracetamol in febrile children. AB - The antipyretic activity of tenoxicam was compared with that of paracetamol. Thirty-eight inpatients aged between 6 months and 16 years, with a rectal temperature of above 38.5 degrees C, were divided into four groups. Patients received tenoxicam (0.3, 0.6 or 1.2 mg/kg) or paracetamol (10 mg/kg) in a single oral dose. Rectal temperatures were recorded before admission, 30 min and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 h after administration of the drug. The fall in temperature was significant in the paracetamol group and in one tenoxicam group with a dose of 1.2 mg/kg. Doses of 0.3 and 0.6 mg/kg of tenoxicam had only a slight effect. It was concluded that tenoxicam has a slight antipyretic effect, but is not an alternative to paracetamol as an antipyretic drug in the treatment of fever in children. PMID- 3915462 TI - Pirprofen in postoperative course following cataract extraction: a controlled trial. AB - In a double-blind, between-patient trial, a new cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor, pirprofen (800 mg/day), was compared with indomethacin (100 mg/day) and placebo in 56 patients undergoing cataract extraction. Treatment started 48 h before operation and continued for eight days. Patients were examined on days 1, 3 and 6 for objective signs of inflammation and pain. Both active drugs proved to have good anti-inflammatory action, clearly superior to placebo. No unwanted effects or modifications in laboratory parameters other than those related to the antiphlogistic effect were reported. PMID- 3915463 TI - Do quinolones really augment the antifungal effect of amphotericin B in vitro? AB - The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for amphotericin B and the quinolones norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin against 30 clinical isolates of Candida albicans were determined in various liquid media. Interaction studies were carried out to investigate a possible synergistic action of the quinolones on the antifungal effect of amphotericin B. No interaction between the drugs studied was observed in any of the media used. PMID- 3915464 TI - Dissociated effect of amphotericin B and desoxycholate on phagocytosis of Escherichia coli by human polymorphonuclear neutrophils. AB - The influence of commercial amphotericin B-desoxycholate (Fungizone) and desoxycholate alone on phagocytosis of Escherichia coli by human polymorphonuclear neutrophils in vitro was studied. A dissociated effect of amphotericin B and desoxycholate was observed. Amphotericin B was shown to stimulate the ingestion of Escherichia coli through an effect on the bacteria as well as on the neutrophils. Desoxycholate inhibited phagocytosis through an effect on the neutrophils and also, at low concentrations (0.08 microgram/ml), through an effect on the bacteria. On the other hand, pretreatment of Escherichia coli with high concentrations (8.2 micrograms/ml) of desoxycholate rendered it more susceptible to phagocytosis. The elimination of bacterial breakdown products from the neutrophils after ingestion of Escherichia coli was also inhibited by desoxycholate and stimulated by amphotericin B. Most of these effects disappeared in the presence of 10% serum. An alteration of bacterial hydrophobicity could only partly explain the effect of amphotericin B. PMID- 3915465 TI - The organospecific activity of metronidazole and azanidazole in the intrasanguineous host-mediated assay. AB - The genotoxicity of nitroimidazoles and, in particular, their potential carcinogenicity has been demonstrated. In order to investigate the specific target organ(s) for these drugs or their metabolites, a method for measuring mutations in microorganisms, with reference to the metabolism of mammals, was used in mice. Metronidazole and azanidazole were tested for their ability to induce genetic effects in a diploid strain (D7) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the Intrasanguineous Host-Mediated Assay. The test compounds showed dose-related increases of point mutation and mitotic gene conversion frequencies in liver, kidney and lung. Azanidazole seemed to favour the kidney and the liver, although increases in genotoxicity were observed also in the lung. Metronidazole was toxic and induced both point mutation and mitotic gene conversion when recovered from the liver. Yeast recovered from the kidney and the lung showed an increase especially in point mutation. This work provides more information about the mechanisms involved in the mutagenicity of nitroimidazoles at the site of action. PMID- 3915466 TI - Molecular aspects of beta-lactamase inhibition and inactivation by clavulanic acid: a review. AB - In this short review paper the authors analyse some molecular aspects of the unusual property of clavulanic acid: beta-lactamase inactivation. After a discussion of beta-lactamase structure, two possible mechanisms of beta-lactamase inactivation are examined: chemical inactivation and physical denaturation. PMID- 3915467 TI - Comparative bactericidal and morphological effects of five cephamycins on cells of three gram-negative bacilli at decreasing drug concentrations. AB - The bactericidal and morphological effects under drug-decreasing conditions of cefminox (MT-141), cefoxitin, cefmetazole, cefotetan and latamoxef were compared on Klebsiella pneumoniae PCl-602, Escherichia coli No. 29 and Serratia marcescens No. 1 cells. A new drug-decreasing method was developed by the use of an antibiotic removal device. Cefminox displayed an earlier onset and a higher rate of bactericidal action than the other cephamycins against the test organisms, although the minimum inhibitory concentrations of cefminox were similar to or higher than those of the other drugs. Morphologically, cefminox caused rapid lysis of the cells without filamentation, whereas the reference cephamycins caused mainly elongation of the cells under the test conditions. Frequent formation of multiple bulges on cells exposed to cefminox was observed in an isotonic medium. PMID- 3915468 TI - Treatment of ear, nose and throat infections with clofoctol. AB - Fifty-two adult patients affected by infectious otorhinolaryngological diseases were treated rectally with clofoctol, a new chemotherapeutic phenol derivative. The clinical diagnoses included tonsillitis, paranasal sinus infections, nose and nasopharyngeal infections, external ear canal and middle ear infections. Evaluation of the results was based on clinical and bacteriological data; the effectiveness of the drug was also confirmed by statistical reference to a control group consisting of 52 adult patients affected by otorhinolaryngological infections treated only with topical agents or not treated at all. In the patients treated with clofoctol, good therapeutic results were obtained in over 90% of cases. Only four patients showed mild adverse reactions. On the whole, results demonstrated that clofoctol is very valuable for the management of most of the infectious diseases common in ENT practice. PMID- 3915469 TI - Cefatrizine: a clinical overview. AB - Cefatrizine, a new oral cephalosporin, proved effective in the treatment of a wide range of bacterial infections in both adult and paediatric patients. Adverse reactions mild and mainly limited to gastrointestinal disturbances. PMID- 3915470 TI - Flumethasone pivalate (Locorten) in the treatment of oral diseases. AB - The combination flumethasone pivalate + iodochlorohydroxychinoline drops was used in 40 patients, 24 males and 16 females, mean age 42.6 years, suffering from infectious enanthema (35%), periodontitis (30%), aphthous stomatitis (25%) and abscess due to prosthesis (10%). After application of 2-3 drops of the combination t.i.d. for 2-7 days, satisfactory results were obtained in all the patients. Tolerance was good; mild unwanted effects occurred in 2 patients (5.0%). Thus the combination flumethasone pivalate + iodochlorohydroxychinoline appears to be very effective in the treatment of oral diseases because its action is more rapid and stronger than that of other currently used drugs. PMID- 3915471 TI - Chromone-2-carboxylic acids: roles of acidity and lipophilicity in drug disposition. PMID- 3915472 TI - The characteristics of an adverse effect: using the example of developing a standard for lead. PMID- 3915473 TI - A comparative dye penetration study for the sealability of silver-percha root canal filling. PMID- 3915474 TI - Microhardness of human enamel and six other experimental animals. PMID- 3915475 TI - [Unilaterally shortened dental arch. Therapeutic solutions]. PMID- 3915476 TI - [Management of the unilaterally shortened dental arch using an implant-anchored prosthesis from the prosthetic viewpoint]. PMID- 3915477 TI - [Pin-anchored crowns from the surgeon's viewpoint]. PMID- 3915478 TI - [Pin-anchored crowns from the viewpoint of tooth retention]. PMID- 3915480 TI - [Canines as abutments--basic principles]. PMID- 3915479 TI - [Pin-anchored crowns from the prosthodontic viewpoint]. PMID- 3915481 TI - [Canines as abutments. Therapeutic aspects]. PMID- 3915482 TI - [Interface corrosion in metalloceramic bonding]. PMID- 3915483 TI - [Bonding strength and corrosive agents]. PMID- 3915484 TI - [Comparative corrosion tests of non-precious metal dental alloys using anodic polarization tests and the Tuccillo-Nielsen test]. PMID- 3915485 TI - [Corrosion studies of pin-crown constructions]. PMID- 3915486 TI - [Micromorphological and analytical studies of non-precious metal alloys used in metal-ceramics]. PMID- 3915487 TI - [Distribution of elements in metal-ceramic bondings in the interface region of precious and non-precious metal alloys]. PMID- 3915488 TI - [The Erlangen root post system. Materials science studies]. PMID- 3915489 TI - [Comparative study of 3 methods for studying the metal-ceramic bond of non precious metal alloys]. PMID- 3915490 TI - [Activity of 3 cephalosporins on gram-negative bacterial flora isolated in a hospital environment]. PMID- 3915491 TI - Comparative trial of mexiletine and lignocaine in the treatment of ventricular arrhythmias. PMID- 3915492 TI - Captopril therapy in chronic congestive heart failure. PMID- 3915493 TI - Application of monoclonal antibodies in the management of hematologic malignancies: the state of the art and future directions. PMID- 3915495 TI - Malaria and ABO blood groups. PMID- 3915494 TI - Recent advances in minimal change nephrotic syndrome. PMID- 3915496 TI - Brain theory and cooperative computation. AB - "Top-down" brain theory, based upon functional analysis of cognitive processes in terms of interacting schemas, is distinguished from "bottom-up" brain theory based on analysis of the dynamics of neural nets. "Cooperative computation" is proposed as the style of interaction of neural subsystems at various levels. Perceptual schemas are introduced as the building blocks for the representation of the perceived environment, and motor schemas serve as control systems to be coordinated into programs for the control of movement. A cooperative computation view of the design of machine vision systems is exemplified both by an algorithm for computing optic flow which offers interesting insights into the evolution of hierarchical neural structures, and by an analysis of knowledge representation for machine interpretation of visual scenes. The interaction between top-down analysis and detailed neural modelling is illustrated by the study of visuomotor coordination in frogs and toads. PMID- 3915497 TI - Learning by statistical cooperation of self-interested neuron-like computing elements. AB - Since the usual approaches to cooperative computation in networks of neuron-like computating elements do not assume that network components have any "preferences", they do not make substantive contact with game theoretic concepts, despite their use of some of the same terminology. In the approach presented here, however, each network component, or adaptive element, is a self-interested agent that prefers some inputs over others and "works" toward obtaining the most highly preferred inputs. Here we describe an adaptive element that is robust enough to learn to cooperate with other elements like itself in order to further its self-interests. It is argued that some of the longstanding problems concerning adaptation and learning by networks might be solvable by this form of cooperativity, and computer simulation experiments are described that show how networks of self-interested components that are sufficiently robust can solve rather difficult learning problems. We then place the approach in its proper historical and theoretical perspective through comparison with a number of related algorithms. A secondary aim of this article is to suggest that beyond what is explicitly illustrated here, there is a wealth of ideas from game theory and allied disciplines such as mathematical economics that can be of use in thinking about cooperative computation in both nervous systems and man-made systems. PMID- 3915498 TI - Infections in renal transplant recipients. PMID- 3915499 TI - Potassium supplementation in essential hypertension--a double blind placebo controlled study. PMID- 3915500 TI - Insulin--the sodium retaining effect. PMID- 3915501 TI - "Pathogenesis of diabetic microangiopathy"--its past, present and future horizon. PMID- 3915503 TI - Aspirin in childhood gastroenteritis. PMID- 3915502 TI - Renal responses to diuretics in the turtle. AB - We administered the diuretics furosemide and ethacrynic acid to conscious freshwater turtles to assess changes in renal function and plasma renin activity (PRA) in an animal which lacks a loop of Henle. Furosemide (2 and 5 mg/kg) produced no changes in blood pressure, hematocrit, plasma electrolytes, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), or PRA. Furosemide doubled urine volume while sodium excretion increased 20-fold and chloride and potassium excretion increased 12-fold (P less than 0.05 in each case). Net potassium secretion was observed. Ethacrynic acid (2 and 5 mg/kg) also produced no changes in blood pressure, hematocrit, plasma electrolytes, or PRA. At the lower dose GFR increased by 40% and urine volume nearly doubled (P Less than 0.05 in each case). Sodium, chloride, and potassium excretion increased roughly 10-fold (P less than 0.05 in each case). At the higher dose, GFR increased by 80% and urine volume more than doubled (P Less than 0.05 in each case). Sodium excretion rose 40-fold, chloride excretion rose 25-fold, and potassium excretion rose 10-fold (P less than 0.05 in each case). At both doses net potassium secretion occurred. The results demonstrate that both drugs inhibit tubular reabsorption in the turtle, acting primarily on distal segments of the nephron. The failure of either drug to alter PRA suggests that the turtle lacks a tubular mechanism for altering renin release. PMID- 3915504 TI - An outbreak of enteritis due to Escherichia coli 0127:B8 in a neonatal nursery. PMID- 3915505 TI - Nasal packing with porcine fatty tissue for epistaxis complicated by qualitative platelet disorders. AB - Medications and renal failure are common causes of qualitative platelet disorders. Epistaxis occurring in these settings may be unresponsive to conventional therapy. Two patients with epistaxis and platelet dysfunction are presented who were successfully treated with porcine nasal packing. The technique, previously shown effective in thrombocytopenic patients, is inexpensive, simple, and effective. The procedure is described and its possible modes of action are discussed. The pathogenesis of platelet disorders induced by uremia and aspirin are also briefly discussed. PMID- 3915506 TI - [Functional reserve of the ischemic left ventricle with ventricular aneurysm to afterload stress: digital subtraction angiographic assessments]. AB - Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) has been confirmed to be an accurate method for determining left ventricular function. It is a relatively non-invasive technique without inducing premature ventricular complexes. The response of left ventricular function to afterload stress was assessed using DSA for eight patients with old anterior myocardial infarction and ventricular aneurysm including that of the anterior wall (averaging 30.3 months after the acute episodes). Their ages ranged from 36 to 65 years and one patient was a woman. Prior to the investigation, we confirmed that a single DSA procedure did not alter left ventricular function in a pilot study of one patient (No. 8). After initial DSA in the basal state, methoxamine was infused intravenously (1 to 2 mg/min). When aortic systolic blood pressure increased by 30 to 50 mmHg, a second DSA was performed for each patient. Left ventricular volumes and ejection fractions were calculated by the area-length method, and regional wall motion was assessed by the visual method according to the AHA classification and the curvature radius of the apical ventricular aneurysm was calculated. Methoxamine induced neither acute heart failure nor angina pectoris in the present series. The heart rates decreased, and there were a significant increase in end-systolic volumes (p less than 0.05), end-systolic radii (p less than 0.05), and a significant decrease in ejection fractions (p less than 0.02) after methoxamine infusion. In 32 of 40 segments, regional wall motion was unchanged by methoxamine as assessed by the visual method; whereas, in the other eight, there was a deterioration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3915507 TI - [Evaluation of left ventricular function by digital subtraction angiography: effect of dose and administration mode of contrast medium, and comparison with direct ventriculography]. AB - Effects of contrast medium doses on left ventriculographic images using intravenous digital subtraction angiography (IVDSA-LVG) were assessed. The validity of IVDSA-LVG in evaluating ejection fraction (EF) and left ventricular regional wall motion was determined by comparison with conventional left ventriculography using direct injection (direct LVG). The advantages of left ventriculography using intraarterial subtraction angiography (IADSA-LVG) performed by injecting small doses of contrast media directly into the left ventricle were stressed. To assess the effects of doses of contrast media on IVDSA-LVG, 10, 20, and 30 ml Urografin-76 were injected into the superior vena cava in 16 patients, and the resulting images were compared in each patient. With only 10 ml contrast medium, left ventricular opacification was fairly good, and regional wall motion was evaluated in many cases, but 30 ml were needed to calculate ventricular volume and EF. To determine the validity of IVDSA-LVG in evaluating EF and regional wall motion, we compared IVDSA-LVG using 30 ml of contrast medium with direct LVG in 18 patients. There was a good correlation between the two methods in determining EF (r = 0.877), and 90% of the interpretations of regional wall motion were in agreement by the two methods. IVDSA-LVG was useful and accurate in evaluating EF and regional wall motion of the left ventricle. IADSA-LVG was performed for five patients, and good quality images were obtained in many cases, even with relatively small doses (10 ml) of contrast media. These results suggested that this method may be used in cases with impaired LV function, to avoid hemodynamic derangement induced by conventional direct LVG using large doses of contrast medium. PMID- 3915508 TI - Myocardial perfusion assessed by digital subtraction angiography. AB - Perfusion of each myocardial portion in ischemic heart disease was assessed by digital subtraction angiography (DSA). There were 45 cases of ischemic heart disease and five normal controls. The contrast medium was 40 ml 76% Urografin which was injected into the central vein at a rate of 16 ml/sec using a 5F thin wall catheter. A myocardial image was extracted, and a time-density curve for the corresponding portion was obtained. In the normal controls, the density was maximum in systole with a gradual decrease in diastole. In all myocardial infarction cases, the wave pattern disappeared. In the group whose infarcted areas were small (26 of the 45 cases), 22 (85% of of the 26 cases) exhibited slowly increasing pattern. In the group whose infarcted areas were large (19 of the 45 cases) 15 cases (79%) had plateau type pattern. Observations of the perfusion of the myocardium using DSA facilitated quantitative diagnoses of the infarcted areas and forecasts of myocardial viability. PMID- 3915509 TI - [Quantitative assessments of regional myocardial perfusion by digital subtraction angiography]. AB - Regional myocardial perfusion was evaluated by computerized washout analysis of digital subtraction angiography (DSA) images. Diatrizoate meglumine (76% Urografin), 2 to 3 ml, was manually injected into the left main coronary artery. For 26 patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD), 14 patients with cardiomyopathy, and eight patients with normal coronary angiograms, DSA images of myocardial perfusions were obtained in the right anterior oblique projection. These were digitized into an image-processing computer. Time-density curves were constructed in four segments of the left ventricle perfused by the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) and the contrast decay half-lives (T1/2) were calculated from the decay phases of the curves, using mono-exponential least square fits. The mean T1/2 was significantly longer in patients with 75% or more LAD narrowing than in those with normal coronary arteries. By contrast, patients with 50% or less LAD narrowing had T1/2 comparable to those with normal coronary arteries. In patients with IHD, there was a significant curvilinear relationship of T1/2 with percent stenosis of the LAD. This indicates that a decrease in regional myocardial flow develops rapidly in coronary stenosis of 70-80% or more. In patients with comparable coronary stenosis, T1/2 was significantly longer in the asynergic regions than in those with normal wall motion, but T1/2 was shorter in regions perfused by collateral vessels. These findings indicate that left ventricular contraction and collateral flow could contribute to regional myocardial perfusion. In addition, patients with hypertrophic and dilated cardiomyopathy had prolonged T1/2 despite normal coronary angiograms, suggesting abnormalities in intramural coronary arteries. Thus, T1/2 derived by computerized washout analysis of DSA myocardial image proved to be a useful index for quantitative evaluation of regional myocardial perfusion. PMID- 3915510 TI - [Double indicator dilution method using heat and dye to measure pulmonary extravascular water volume]. AB - It is widely accepted that extravascular lung thermal volume estimated by the double indicator dilution method with heat as a diffusible indicator reliably reflects pulmonary extravascular water volume. Theoretically, as a premise, the indicator should be preserved during its pulmonary circulation. We therefore investigated the thermal conservation during pulmonary circulation; that is, whether there was good agreement in the cardiac outputs "wherever" the thermodilution curves were recorded; for instance, the pulmonary artery trunk (PAT), giving COPAT,heat and the aortic root (Ao), giving COAo,heat. In the present study, we observed a total of 59 pairs of cardiac outputs in dogs (n = 13), including dogs with overt pulmonary edema, produced either by dextran infusion or by alloxan administration. We also studied a total of 23 pairs of cardiac outputs of human subjects (n = 16) with ischemic heart disease or mild mitral stenosis. A mixture of ice-cold 5% glucose solution and indocyanine green was rapidly injected into the right atrium. The thermodilution curve was immediately recorded in the pulmonary artery trunk, and the thermodilution and dye dilution curves were recorded in the aorta using a conventional Swan-Ganz catheter. The cardiac outputs were calculated manually following the Stewart Hamilton principle. The results were as follows: In dogs, COPAT,heat averaged 2.47 +/- 1.21 L/min (mean +/- SD), COAo,heat averaged 2.44 +/- 1.12 L/min and the difference was not significant (0.3 less than p less than 0.5). The regression equation was COPAT,heat = 1.01 X COAo,heat + 0.02 (n = 59, r = 0.93, p less than 0.001) and the correlation coefficient was excellent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3915511 TI - Deep-heating characteristics of an RF capacitive heating device. AB - An RF capacitive heating device was constructed and its deep-heating characteristics were studied using three mini-pigs. The deep-heating ability of RF capacitive heating was found to be improved by enlarging the electrodes, driving at 8 MHz, cooling the skin under the electrodes, inserting a bolus between the body and the electrodes and considering the anatomical structure of the body. The heating characteristics obtained were as follows. When applicators were placed on both sides of the abdomen of a mini-pig, 7 mm in fat layer thickness and 23 cm in lateral chest thickness, the increase in temperature of the deep part was greater than that of the fat layer. When applicators were placed on the posterior and anterior abdomen, overheating was noted in the fat and muscle near the back. The temperature was highest in a mock tumour, made by blocking blood flow to the spleen. The bio-heat equation revealed that RF capacitive heating accompanied by surface cooling at 10 degrees C could heat the deep portion of the body to 42 degrees C without excessive heating of a 1.6 cm thick fat layer. PMID- 3915512 TI - The changing bacteriology of recurrent pyogenic cholangitis in Hong Kong. AB - When the results of bile cultures of RPC patients, admitted to Queen Mary Hospital in 1973-74 and 1979-80, were analysed together with data obtained from the publication of previous investigators, a change in the bacteriology of the disease was noted. The percentage of RPC patients was affected by E. coli was on the decline while, in contrast, a higher percentage of patients was affected by the other enterobacteriaceae (especially Klebsiella spp. and Proteus spp.) and the non-glucose fermenters. Similarly anaerobes and mixed aerobic cultures were more frequent in our series than in earlier ones. Improvement in anaerobic laboratory methods is postulated to be the most probable reason for the rising incidence of anaerobes, while changes in the use of antibiotics could be a major factor for some of the trends noted among the aerobes. Irrespective of the reason for the change in bacteriology, due consideration should be given to its therapeutic implications in the management of patients with recurrent pyogenic cholangitis. PMID- 3915513 TI - Nocardiosis in pulmonary diseases in parts of Nigeria. I. Preliminary observations on five cases. AB - One hundred specimens of purulent of mucopurulent sputum form patients clinically known to be suffering from a variety of broncho-pulmonary diseases including chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasis, lobar pneumonia, bronchopneumonia and pulmonary tuberculosis, were examined macroscopically, microscopically and by cultures to establish the aetiology of the infections. In the process, five cases of nocardiosis due to Nocardia asteroides were detected. This organism was isolated from purulent sputa in which pulmonary tuberculosis an bronchitis were suspected, but from which no acid-fast bacilli (AFB) were detected by the Ziehl Neelsen's carbol-fuchsin (Z.N.) technique. All the isolates were from the 40-70 years age group among the 24 specimens examined from the Imo State of Nigeria, giving a high incidence of 19% for the State and an overall incidence of 5% in the whole study. This implies that pulmonary nocardiosis is not an uncommon disease in Nigeria. The need for more attention to nocardiosis in the differential diagnosis of lower respiratory tract infections in Nigeria is indicated. PMID- 3915514 TI - Cellular immune competence in bancroftian filariasis. AB - Lymphocyte proliferative responses to homologous and heterologous filarial antigens, mitogens and purified protein derivatives (PPD) were analysed in a group of 37 subjects from an area endemic for bancroftian filarial infection. The majority of the subjects without any clinical or parasitological evidence of filariasis (endemic normals) reacted with homologous microfilarial antigens only. Non-treated patients with patent microfilaraemia, did not respond to homologous of heterologous microfilarial antigens. In contrast, diethylcarbamazine (DEC) treated microfilaraemic patients, reacted with homologous filarial antigens. Patients with elephantiasis reacted to microfilarial and adult worm antigens. Response to PPD was marginally depressed in patent microfilaraemic patients and a rise was observed in elephantiasis cases. Endemic normals exhibited normal response to PPD. Responses to mitogens were depressed throughout the course of the infection. PMID- 3915515 TI - [Ultrasound grading of placental maturity and fetal lung maturity]. AB - In 126 pregnant women of the gestational age from the 28th to the 44th gestational week, the biparietal diameter, the abdomen diameter, and the placental maturity after Granum et al. were determined. Amniocentesis was performed for obstetric indication. Also the L/S ratio and the cytological estimation of the gestational age were recorded. The first degree of the placental maturity was found in 37, the second degree in 3, and the third degree in 36 pregnant women. In the first group, BPP was 8.38 +/- 0.75, the abdomen diameter 8.30 +/- 0.63, and pulmonary maturity in 73% of women according to the L/S ratio and in 91.9% according to cytological estimation. In the second group, BPP was 9.15 +/- 0.65, the abdomen diameter 9.03 +/- 0.83, and in 77.9% of women the L/S ratio was higher than 2 but in 56.6% of women, according to cytological estimation, there was a good pulmonary maturity. At the third degree of placental maturity, BPP was 9.49 +/- 0.60, the abdomen diameter 9.63 +/- 0.92, and a good pulmonary maturity in 94.4% of women. The RDS was not observed in 5.6% of newborns with the L/S ratio below 2. According to cytological estimation, BPP below 9.15 was found in pre-term labour and higher than 9.15 in at-term births when in 94% of women the L/S ratio was higher than 2. PMID- 3915516 TI - [Breast cysts--diagnosis and therapy]. AB - The authors present the results of the diagnosis of 1405 cases of macroscopically evident breast cysts. Only 15% patients were younger than 40 and only 6% older than 55 years. All lesions were cytologically analysed. The results were classified as negative in 1120 (79.9%), suspect in 27 (1.9%) and positive in 6 (0.4%) of cases. In 18% (n = 252) of cases aspirates were not adequate for cytologic evaluation. During a five-year follow-up period no new cyst was confirmed in 69.2% of cases, while in 30.8% of cases new cysts were diagnosed in yearly examinations during the observed period. Five (2.6%) intracystic proliferations were selected from the 190 cysts studied by means of pneumocystography. In the group presented three intracystic cancers were diagnosed by the combination of different diagnostic methods. The authors conclude that the introduction of ultrasound in breast cyst diagnostic work has reduced indications for pneumocystography and the cytologic evaluation of aspirates. PMID- 3915518 TI - The emergence of modern cardiology. PMID- 3915517 TI - [Impetigo herpetiformis-Hebra and pregnancy]. AB - A patient is presented who developed impetigo herpetiformis-Hebra for the first time in her 19th year, one month before a normal delivery. The child is alive and in good health. The second time the disease appeared after three years, in the 20th gestational week of the woman's new pregnancy when because of her bad general condition, pronounced skin changes, and a very high temperature (up to 41 degrees C) the artificial interruption of pregnancy was carried out by using Prostin 15M-Upjohn. She was given a total of 6 ml Prostin in two doses, and the abortion period lasted 17 hours. After abortion, the acrocyanosis of the feet and wrists appeared (after the application of Methergin). A general and symptomatic therapy was applied and the patient recovered in 24 hours. Skin and her general condition improved, and after 10 days she was discharged, and since that time (April 1984) she has had no symptoms of the disease. PMID- 3915519 TI - Moderns and ancients: the "new cardiology" in Britain 1880-1930. PMID- 3915520 TI - The history of vectorcardiography. PMID- 3915522 TI - Ischaemic heart disease, aortic aneurysms, and atherosclerosis in the City of London, 1868-1982. PMID- 3915523 TI - "Soldier's heart": the redefinition of heart disease and specialty formation in early twentieth-century Great Britain. PMID- 3915521 TI - Two hundred years of the foxglove. PMID- 3915524 TI - The origins of the electrocardiograph as a clinical instrument. PMID- 3915525 TI - The development of the understanding of arrhythmias during the last 100 years. PMID- 3915526 TI - The history of bundle branch block. PMID- 3915527 TI - Research at the National Institute on Aging in behavioral training for high blood pressure control. PMID- 3915528 TI - Baltimore awarded a clinical center for the study of systolic hypertension in the elderly. PMID- 3915529 TI - Quantitative assessment of burn wound progress. PMID- 3915530 TI - The miasmatic and microscopic explanations for disease in the European past. PMID- 3915531 TI - Corneal transplant donation. PMID- 3915532 TI - Regulation of the transcript for a lysosomal protein: evidence for a gene program modified by platelet-derived growth factor. AB - Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) stimulates density-arrested BALB/c-3T3 cells to synthesize MEP, a lysosomal protein. This enhanced synthesis appears to be largely regulated by the PDGF-modulated accumulation of MEP mRNA, a 1.8 kilobase species. The increase in the MEP transcript, which is dependent on the PDGF concentration, begins 3 to 4 h after PDGF addition and is maximal at 12 h. The accumulation of the MEP transcript is growth-factor specific: PDGF and the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, an agent which acts like PDGF, induce MEP RNA accumulation, whereas epidermal growth factor, somatomedin C, insulin, and whole plasma do not. A spontaneously transformed BALB/c-3T3 cell line (ST2-3T3), which does not require PDGF for growth, optimally expresses MEP RNA in the absence of PDGF. The PDGF-modulated increase in MEP RNA is unlike PDGF modulated c-myc and c-fos RNA accumulation because it is blocked by cycloheximide, suggesting a requirement for de novo protein synthesis. It appears that PDGF modulates a program of gene expression with the accumulation of some transcripts, typified by MEP, being dependent upon the translation of others. PMID- 3915533 TI - A cDNA clone for a polyadenylated RNA-binding protein of Xenopus laevis oocytes hybridizes to four developmentally regulated mRNAs. AB - Xenopus laevis oocytes contain a unique group of proteins which decrease during oogenesis, bind poly(A) RNA, and possibly play a role in the regulation of translation. A monoclonal antibody generated against one of these proteins was used to screen an expression vector cDNA library. A cDNA clone was isolated and confirmed to code for the binding protein by in vitro translation of hybrid selected RNA followed by immunoprecipitation. This cDNA, when used in RNA gel blots, hybridized to four transcripts of 2.0, 1.7 (two transcripts of similar size), and 1.2 kilobases. All of the transcripts decreased in amount during oogenesis and were not evident in somatic cells. In addition, the fraction of the transcripts associated with polysomes decreased during oogenesis. Digestion of the cDNA insert with PstI generated two fragments of 220 and 480 base pairs which, when used as probes in an RNA gel blot, hybridized to unique as well as common transcripts. Genomic Southern blots suggested the presence of a single gene, indicating that these transcripts arose by alternative processing. PMID- 3915534 TI - Signals for transcription initiation and termination in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae plasmid 2 micron circle. AB - By S1 nuclease protection experiments and primer extension analysis, we determined precisely the cap and polyadenylation sites of transcripts from the four genes of the yeast 2 micron circle plasmid, as well as those of other plasmid transcripts of unknown function. In addition, we used deletion analysis to identify sequences necessary for polyadenylation in plasmid transcripts. Our results indicate that plasmid genes constitute independent transcription units and that plasmid mRNAs are not derived by extensive processing of precursor transcripts. In addition, we found that the D coding region of 2 micron circle is precisely encompassed by a polyadenylated transcript, suggesting that this coding region constitutes a functional plasmid gene. Our identification of the position of plasmid polyadenylation sites and of sequences necessary for polyadenylation provides support for a tripartite signal for polyadenylation as proposed by Zaret and Sherman (K.S. Zaret and F. Sherman, Cell 28:563-573, 1982). Finally, these data highlight salient features of the transcriptional regulatory circuitry that underlies the control of plasmid maintenance in the cell. PMID- 3915535 TI - ras gene Amplification and malignant transformation. AB - Morphologic transformation of NIH 3T3 mouse cells occurs upon transfection of these cells with large amounts (greater than or equal to 10 micrograms) of recombinant DNA molecules carrying the normal human H-ras-1 proto-oncogene. We provide experimental evidence indicating that transformation of these NIH 3T3 cells results from the combined effect of multiple copies of the H-ras-1 proto oncogene rather than from spontaneous mutation of one of the transfected H-ras-1 clones (E. Santos, E.P. Reddy, S. Pulciani, R.J. Feldman, and M. Barbacid, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 80:4679-4683, 1983). Levels of H-ras-1 RNA and p21 expression are highly elevated in the NIH 3T3 transformants, and in those cases examined, these levels correlate with the malignant properties of these cells. We have also investigated the presence of amplified ras genes in a variety of human carcinomas. In 75 tumor biopsies, we found amplification of the human K-ras-2 locus in one carcinoma of the lung. These results indicate that ras gene amplification is an alternative pathway by which ras genes may participate in the development of human neoplasia. PMID- 3915537 TI - Production of human c-myc protein in insect cells infected with a baculovirus expression vector. AB - A cDNA fragment coding for human c-myc was inserted into the genome of the baculovirus Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus adjacent to the strong polyhedrin promoter. Insect cells infected with the recombinant virus produced significant amounts of c-myc protein, which constituted the major phosphoprotein component in these cells. By immunoprecipitation and immunoblot analysis, two proteins of 61 and 64 kilodaltons were detected with c-myc-specific antisera. The insect-derived proteins were compared with recombinant human c-myc encoded proteins synthesized in Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. The c-myc gene product was found predominantly in the nucleus by subcellular fractionation of infected insect cells. PMID- 3915536 TI - p53 cellular tumor antigen: analysis of mRNA levels in normal adult tissues, embryos, and tumors. AB - The relative levels of mRNA specific for the mouse p53 cellular tumor antigen were determined in various normal adult tissues, embryos, and tumors. All tumors studied contained concentrations of p53 mRNA well above those present in most normal tissues. Normal spleen, however, had p53 mRNA levels comparable to those found in some tumors, despite the fact that they contained barely detectable p53 protein. This apparent discrepancy was found to be due to the extremely rapid turnover rate of p53 in the spleen (half-life, approximately equal to 6 min). In developing fetuses, a marked reduction of p53 mRNA levels was manifest from day 11 onwards, whereas the levels during organogenesis (days 9 to 11) were comparable to those found in undifferentiated embryonic stem cells and in some tumors. PMID- 3915538 TI - Activation of c-myb expression by phytohemagglutinin stimulation in normal human T lymphocytes. AB - The expression of c-myb in normal human T lymphocytes directly derived from a normal subject and not adapted to continuous growth in culture was found to be markedly increased after phytohemagglutinin stimulation. In the same cells, the expression of c-myc mRNA is a much earlier event compared with the appearance of c-myb mRNA, which takes place soon after that of histone H3 mRNA. The increase in c-myb expression was not due to a particular T-lymphocyte subset, as shown by in situ hybridization assays. PMID- 3915539 TI - Identification of the ureidoglycolate hydrolase gene in the DAL gene cluster of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - This report describes the isolation of the genes encoding allantoicase (DAL2) and ureidoglycolate hydrolase (DAL3), which are components of the large DAL gene cluster on the right arm of chromosome IX of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. During this work a new gene (DAL7) was identified and found to be regulated in the manner expected for an allantoin pathway gene. Its expression was (i) induced by allophanate, (ii) sensitive to nitrogen catabolite repression, and (iii) responsive to mutation of the DAL80 and DAL81 loci, which have previously been shown to regulate the allantoin degradation system. Hybridization probes generated from these cloned genes were used to analyze expression of the allantoin pathway genes in wild-type and mutant cells grown under a variety of physiological conditions. When comparison was possible, the patterns of mRNA and enzyme levels observed in various strains and physiological conditions were very similar, suggesting that the system is predominantly regulated at the level of gene expression. Although all of the genes seem to be controlled by a common mechanism, their detailed patterns of expression were, at the same time, highly individual and diverse. PMID- 3915540 TI - A hierarchy of trans-acting factors modulates translation of an activator of amino acid biosynthetic genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - The GCN4 gene encodes a positive effector of amino acid biosynthetic genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetic analysis has suggested that GCN4 is regulated by a hierarchy of interacting positive and negative effectors in response to amino acid starvation. Results presented here for a GCN4-lacZ gene fusion support this regulatory model and suggest that the regulators of GCN4 exert their effects primarily at the level of translation of GCN4 mRNA. Both the GCN2 and GCN3 products appear to stimulate translation of GCN4 mRNA in response to amino acid starvation, because a recessive mutation in either gene blocked derepression of GCN4-lacZ fusion enzyme levels but did not reduce the fusion transcript level relative to that in wild-type cells grown in the same conditions. The GCD1 product appears to inhibit translation of GCN4 mRNA because under certain growth conditions, the gcd1-101 mutation led to derepression of the GCN4-lacZ fusion enzyme level in the absence of any increase in the fusion transcript level. In addition, the gcd1-101 mutation suppressed the low translational efficiency of GCN4-lacZ mRNA observed in gcn2- and gcn3- cells. A deletion of four small open reading frames in the 5' leader of GCN4-lacZ mRNA mimicked the effect of a gcd1 mutation and derepressed translation of the fusion transcript in the absence of either starvation conditions or the GCN2 and GCN3 products. By contrast, in a gcd1- strain, the deletion resulted in little additional increase in the translational efficiency of the fusion transcript. These results suggest that GCD1 mediates the translational repression normally exerted by the GCN4 leader sequences and that GCN2 and GCN3 antagonize these negative elements in response to amino acid starvation. The effects of the trans-acting mutations on the translation of GCN4-lacZ mRNA remained intact even when transcription of the fusion gene was placed under the control of the S. cerevisiae GAL1 transcriptional control element. PMID- 3915542 TI - Identification of autonomously replicating circular subtelomeric Y' elements in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - We marked a large number of yeast telomeres within their Y' regions by transforming strains with a fragment of Y' DNA into which the URA3 gene had been inserted. A few of the Ura+ transformants obtained were very unstable and were found to contain autonomously replicating URA3-marked circular Y' elements in high copy number. These marked extrachromosomal circles were capable of reintegrating into the chromosome at other telomeric locations. In contrast, most of the Ura+ transformants obtained were quite stable mitotically and were marked at bona fide chromosomal ends. These stable transformants gave rise to mitotically unstable URA3-marked circular Y' elements at a low frequency (up to 2.5%). The likelihood that such excisions and integrations represent a natural process in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is supported by our identification of putative Y' circles in untransformed strains. The transfer of Y' information among telomeres via a circular intermediate may be important for homogenizing the sequences at the ends of yeast chromosomes and for generating the frequent telomeric rearrangements that have been observed in S. cerevisiae. PMID- 3915541 TI - Plasmid recombination intermediates generated in a Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell free recombination system. AB - We have developed an assay utilizing Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell extracts to catalyze recombination in vitro between homologous plasmids containing different mutant alleles of the tet gene. Electrophoretic analysis of product DNA indicated that a number of novel DNA species were formed during the reaction. These species migrated through agarose gels as distinct bands with decreased electrophoretic mobility compared with the substrate DNA. The DNA from each individual band was purified and shown to be enriched 5- to 100-fold for tetracycline-resistant recombinants by using a transformation assay. The structure of the DNA molecules present in these bands was determined by electron microscopy. Recombination between circular substrates appeared to involve the formation and processing of figure-eight molecules, while recombination between circular and linear substrates involved the formation of molecules in which a circular monomer had a monomer-length linear tail attached at a region of homology. PMID- 3915544 TI - [Growth and chronic bronchopneumopathies]. AB - The relationship between growth and pulmonary disease has been studied mainly in asthma and cystic fibrosis. In asthma, the most frequent chronic pulmonary disease in childhood, results were conflicting, until the degree of severity of the disease and growth phases were taken into account. Research on 683 children has shown that the percentage of underweight was higher in chronic than intermittent asthma. Moreover, the distribution of underweight patients by ages is different in the two types of asthma: uniform in intermittent asthma; two peaks below the age of 2 and above the age of 12 respectively in chronic asthma. Further data of 65 children treated with slow-releasing theophylline for approximately two years corroborates that puberty is a particularly vulnerable period. Indeed, in the most severe asthmatic males, theophylline is able to completely normalize the growth pattern in childhood but not in puberty. In cystic fibrosis malabsorption makes the study of the relationship between growth and pulmonary disease more complex. The pattern of growth in patients with cystic fibrosis is moving away from the normal pattern with ageing, hence the worsening of pulmonary disease is responsible for the worsening in the growth pattern. The growth pattern today is far better than that of 20 years ago. However, puberty, especially in female patients, is a critical period. Often the puberal spurt is delayed for a few years or is even completely absent. In a group of patients with chronic pulmonary disease due to different causes, weight is more implicated than height and the same pattern was observed in cystic fibrosis. Moreover, as in asthma, weight and height are more implicated in females than males. The entity of alteration observed is midway between the minimal in asthma and the maximal in cystic fibrosis. PMID- 3915543 TI - Properties of REP3: a cis-acting locus required for stable propagation of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae plasmid 2 microns circle. AB - Stable propagation of the yeast plasmid 2 microns requires an origin of replication, a cis-active locus designated REP3, and two plasmid-encoded proteins which are the products of the REP1 and REP2 genes. The three REP loci appear to constitute a partitioning system, ensuring equal distribution of plasmid molecules to mother and daughter cells after mitosis. We have localized the REP3 site completely within a segment of five-and-one-half direct tandem repeats of a 62-base-pair unit, bordered by HpaI and AvaI restriction sites within the large unique region of the 2 microns genome. In addition, we find that the repeated elements are functionally distinct. Only a subset of the repeats is necessary to promote full partitioning activity. The other repeats appear to promote plasmid transcription. These results are discussed in the context of a model of plasmid copy control involving titration of a plasmid-specific protein by the repeated elements within REP3. PMID- 3915545 TI - [Anti-influenza vaccination in children]. AB - Due to new methods, including genic recombination, four anti-influenza vaccines are now available: whole inactivated virus vaccine; surface antigen (sub-unit); disrupted virus (split virus); live attenuated virus (used only in the USSR). The safest vaccine at the present time is the split vaccine, as it has been used on large populations (including children) for many years in Japan. Moreover, this is the only vaccine used in the USA on children (over three years of age). Systemic side effects of the split vaccine are exceptional (1 case in 5 million of subjects vaccinated) while local redness or fever are relatively more frequent. The following considerations make vaccination advisable in paediatrics: the increase in number of inpatients with respiratory and other diseases (e.g. febrile convulsions) during influenza epidemics; influenza is a diffuse and highly contagious disease which spreads in the population from children to adults. The split vaccine is not available in Italy, therefore vaccination in our country is limited to children at high risk for influenza related complications. As well as subjects aged over 65, the following children especially need to be vaccinated: patients with chronic disorders of cardiovascular and pulmonary systems (chronic asthma, cystic fibrosis, pulmonary disease due to inhalation) and some metabolic diseases such as diabetes mellitus or Addison's disease. PMID- 3915546 TI - [Are echographic and radioisotopic studies substitutive or complementary to radiology in renal pathology in childhood?]. AB - The role of ultrasound on paediatric renal tract investigation has become established over the last 15 years, showing only with nuclear magnetic imaging the merit of being truly, non invasive and almost certainly free from biological hazards. The information obtained remains mainly static rather than dynamic, anatomical rather than functional. Conversely radioisotopic methods allow functional studies, mainly in cases in which separate functional are requested. Recently some Authors claimed that these two techniques could replace conventional x-ray investigations. Aim of this paper is to report the results of these techniques separately applied in urinary tract abnormalities in pediatric age. Reliability and utility in terms of diagnostic and therapeutic approach are discussed. PMID- 3915547 TI - [Anticholinergic treatment in the therapy of primary enuresis. Effectiveness of oxybutynin chloride in a controlled clinical study of 58 patients]. AB - 2 groups of enuretic children were respectively treated with anticholinergic drugs dicyclomine and oxybutynin chloride. The results of the trial clearly indicate oxybutynin as the most effective drug in the treatment of the disease. PMID- 3915548 TI - [Determination of glomerular filtration during sequential scintigraphy in the evaluation of separate renal function]. AB - The serial renal scan, a rapid series of images obtained with a scintillation camera, is explained; it visualizes the arrival to the kidneys and the passage through the parenchyma and the pelvocalyceal system of 99mTc-DTPA, a tracer cleared by glomerular filtration. Dynamic imaging of the kidneys provides more extensive information regarding anatomical structure and renal function that cannot be obtained by other noninvasive techniques. Computerized data analysis provides a lot of parameters, such as global and parenchymal transit times, useful in differentiating obstructive from non-obstructive uropathy, and total and separate glomerular filtration rate. 99mTc-DTPA computer-assisted scintigraphy is recommended as a routine method in nephro-urologic conditions where an accurate evaluation of separate renal function is required. PMID- 3915549 TI - [Beta-pancreatic function in subjects with thalassemia. A 4-year follow-up]. AB - High Hb level transfusion scheme for treatment of thalassemia mayor has improved life prognosis but has increased also the incidence of Diabetes Mellitus. 10 patients with thalassemia major have been followed with OGTT for a period 4 years long (1979-1982). In 1979 we changed from low to high level transfusion regimen, and we began to use the pump for slow subcutaneous administration of desferrioxamine to treat iron overload. The results we obtained show a progressive increase of the average values in the insulinemic and glycemic plasma concentration from year to year. At the beginning of the follow-up period, insulinemic and glycemic values after OGTT showed a primitive pancreatic damage which evolved towards a better pancreatic function with the appearance of a peripheral insulin resistance. It is probable that both chronic hypoxia (low Hb level) and the iron overload (high Hb level) may cause, with different processes, an impairment of glucose metabolism. PMID- 3915550 TI - [Nutritional requirements of the low birth-weight newborn infant]. AB - The preterm newborn infant for his very high growth rate is especially vulnerable to any deficiency or excess of the nutritional intake. Moreover he differs from the older infant because of the immaturity of many biological function. Such immaturity is temporary in the term newborn, while lasts longer in the preterm newborn infant. In this paper needs for energy, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates and minerals in the preterm newborn are reported. They are based on metabolic balance studies carried out in preterm newborn infants fed either human milk or different formulas. The own mother fresh milk, supplemented with phosphorus, appears to be the best feeding for the preterm infant. Formulas conveniently adapted in carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and minerals content may be used as reasonable substitutes. On the contrary the pooled pasteurized human milk is not advisable. PMID- 3915551 TI - [High-frequency ventilation in the newborn infant]. AB - High-frequency ventilation (HFV), currently under investigation in three categories: high-frequency positive pressure ventilation (HFPPV), high-frequency jet ventilation (HFJV), and high-frequency oscillation (HFO), is a new form of mechanical ventilation that employs small tidal volumes in relation to dead space and extremely rapid rates, ranging from 1 to 40 Hz. It has a number of theoretical advantages when compared with current methods of conventional ventilation, and provides adequate gas exchange using minimal proximal airway pressure with little circulatory interference. Reports of successful application of the principles of the HFV in the treatment of infants with respiratory distress syndrome and particularly those with severe interstitial emphysema have raised hopes that this technique might prevent barotrauma to the lungs and have stimulated physicians and engineers to develop new equipment that might be useful in ventilating small infants. Approximately 80 infants are known to have been treated with HFV, mostly for short periods of time. In some with pulmonary interstitial emphysema, the only means of ventilating the infant have been with HFV. There is evidence that the technique can produce adequate gas exchange in infants, primarily when employed for a short period of time. As more knowledge is gained about the etiology of chronic neonatal lung disorders and as the questions of serious adverse effects of HFV are answered, it seems likely that a controlled, randomized, clinical trial might be needed in the future to determine whether HFV can decrease the incidence of complications such as air leak, lessen the morbidity, shorten the duration of dependency on the ventilator, and decrease the requirement for oxygen. PMID- 3915552 TI - [Non-endocrine growth retardation. Diagnostic and therapeutic indications]. AB - We analyze the most frequent conditions of non endocrine short stature divided into two groups by phenotypic criterion (dysmorphic or not). Furthermore we consider the different causes of short stature in relation to the appearance of stunted growth. The most recent etiopathogenetic advances in knowledge and the main auxologic features of each kind are reported. In the end we evaluate the current therapeutical measures and we analyse the usefulness of non specific treatments. PMID- 3915553 TI - [Kawasaki's syndrome in Italy. Review of the literature and personal contribution]. AB - Clinical outcome, lab examinations, therapy and aetiological theories of Kawasaki disease are discussed. All cases diagnosed in Italy since 1977 to 1984 have been collected (64 patients). This review shows that the disease affected mainly children from 3 months of age to 4 year, with a male to female ratio of 1.5:1 and the outcome was quite always benign, a part from a single case that went to death, with an overall mortality of 1 out of 64. Two cases observed from the AA are extensively described. The outcome was benign and one case showed high level of IgE. We stress that even if the Kawasaki disease is occasionally seen in our country, the physician must know the major features not to oversee the diagnosis. PMID- 3915554 TI - [A case of septic arthritis with a peculiar clinical presentation]. AB - The authors report a case of tibial-tarsal septic arthritis caused by a Group A Beta Haemolytic Streptococcus. The primitive pathologic process was an erysipelas with an unusual localization originally of difficult interpretation. PMID- 3915555 TI - [Methods of measuring social adaptation in psychiatric and sociological studies. III. Methods of measuring work activity, activity in family life and family strain]. PMID- 3915556 TI - [Etiopathogenesis of psychosomatic diseases--its various concepts]. PMID- 3915557 TI - [Marriage and neurosis. Review of the literature]. PMID- 3915558 TI - [A dentist and a dental technician analyse current ceramometal procedures]. PMID- 3915559 TI - [Cast removable partial denture]. PMID- 3915560 TI - [Use of metal intra-alveolar implants in a case of spontaneous exfoliation of the residual teeth in the mandible]. PMID- 3915562 TI - [Complete and removable denture care; clinical case]. PMID- 3915561 TI - [Post crowns. Accidents and failures (2)]. PMID- 3915563 TI - [Needle implants]. PMID- 3915564 TI - [Comparative cost study of various types of impression materials and technics for use in fixed prosthodontics]. PMID- 3915565 TI - [Deformities of the middle third of the face. Presentation of a case]. PMID- 3915566 TI - [Mac Boyle modification of a preparation technic for partial crowns]. PMID- 3915567 TI - [Desquamative gingivitis. Clinical consideration of 3 cases]. PMID- 3915568 TI - [Major post-endodontic reconstruction]. PMID- 3915569 TI - [A new retention method for proximal fillings and fixed dentures]. PMID- 3915570 TI - [Antibacterial and protective functions of salivary proteins in the oral cavity]. PMID- 3915572 TI - [Maxillary displacement with mandibular maxi-propulsion in the treatment of Class II division 1]. PMID- 3915571 TI - [The surgeon-dentist Pierre Fauchard]. PMID- 3915573 TI - [Effects of variable magnetic fields on the growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae]. PMID- 3915574 TI - [Effect of volumetric variations of the alveolar mucosa on upper denture retention]. PMID- 3915575 TI - [Vicente A. Padin: phlebotomy and dentistry]. PMID- 3915576 TI - [Xipamide in arterial hypertension: an open study of 39 patients]. PMID- 3915577 TI - [Organic changes of memory]. PMID- 3915578 TI - [Vicente A. Padin and medical internship]. PMID- 3915580 TI - [Vicente A. Padin and "El Medico Practico"]. PMID- 3915579 TI - [Influence of different transfusion policies on the results of related live transplantation donors sharing a haplotype]. PMID- 3915581 TI - [Effect of long-term hydralazine in dilated myocardiopathies]. PMID- 3915582 TI - [Vicente Padin, a 2d-course student of Dr. Blest]. PMID- 3915583 TI - [Maxillofacial prosthesis and children]. PMID- 3915584 TI - [Dr. Eugenio Bonilla y Cuebas]. PMID- 3915586 TI - [Historiography of Mexican dentistry]. PMID- 3915585 TI - [Formocresol pulpotomy: current status]. PMID- 3915587 TI - The occurrence of human placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) in extracts of normal, benign and malignant tissues of the female genital tract. AB - In addition to its presence in extracts of carcinomatous tissues from the vulva, endometrium and ovary, PLAP can also be found in tissue extracts of benign conditions of the endometrium and myometrium. We detected slightly elevated levels of PLAP in patients with myoma, raised levels in 2/2 patients with endometrial polyps and high values in 2/2 patients with glandulocystic hyperplasia. Moreover, normal endometrium and fragments of normal Fallopian tube also contained fairly high amounts of endogenous PLAP. These results have important implications with regard to the possible use of PLAP as a tumour marker or of anti-PLAP monoclonal antibodies in radioimmunolocalization or radioimmunotherapy. PMID- 3915588 TI - [Current status of cryobiology]. PMID- 3915589 TI - [Electrophysiological study on the functions of the prefrontal cortex]. PMID- 3915590 TI - [The central adrenalinergic system and regulation of systemic blood pressure]. PMID- 3915591 TI - [Mechanism of the antishock action of anisodamine (654-2)]. PMID- 3915592 TI - [Abnormal diastole of the heart and its clinical significance]. PMID- 3915593 TI - [Functions and clinical significances of fibronectins]. PMID- 3915594 TI - [Histamine and the histaminic receptor in the heart]. PMID- 3915595 TI - [Platelet-derived growth factor]. PMID- 3915596 TI - [New methods of the measurements of cardiac monophasic action potentials in human and animals]. PMID- 3915597 TI - The polyhedrin gene of Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus. AB - Cloned SalI fragments of Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus (BmSNPV) DNA were screened with the polyhedrin gene of Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus as a probe. One positive clone, pBN61, with an insert of 1.65 Kb, was obtained. The HindIII, HpaII and AluI maps of the insert were constructed. Part of its nucleotide sequence has been determined. The 46 amino acid sequence, as determined from the nucleotide sequence, was compared with the reported sequence of BmSNPV polyhedrin. Only one amino acid difference has been found. It is likely that clone pBN61 contains the whole BmSNPV polyhedrin gene. PMID- 3915598 TI - The growth of single crystal and the determination of crystallographic parameters of (L-tryptophan)A1-insulin and (D-tryptophan)A1-insulin. AB - The crystal-growing conditions and the results of preliminary X-ray crystallographic analysis of (L-Try)A1-insulin and (D-Try)A1-insulin are reported. The single crystals of this pair of insulin analogue suitable for X-ray diffraction analysis have been grown in the citrate buffer system by still setting method. They both belong to the trigonal system with space group R3. The parameters of the unit cell (L-Trp)A1-insulin are aH = 80.31A, cH = 37.45A and those of (D-Trp)A1-insulin aH = 79.48A, cH = 43.81A. There are two molecules in an asymmetric unit. The obtained results are discussed. PMID- 3915599 TI - [Inhibition of enkephalins degradation in the nucleus accumbens leads to potentiation of acupuncture and morphine analgesia]. PMID- 3915600 TI - [Effect of anordrin on the rat anterior pituitary responsiveness to GnRH in vitro]. PMID- 3915601 TI - Alcohol and heredity: theories about the effects of alcohol use on offspring. PMID- 3915602 TI - [Gray scale ultrasound imaging of the normal pancreas. An analysis of 250 normal pancreas measurements]. PMID- 3915603 TI - [Comparison of insulin binding to insulin receptor for human erythrocytes 30 minutes after glucose load and in fasting condition]. PMID- 3915605 TI - [Application of cellular monolayers for the study of the phagocytic function of human neutrophils]. PMID- 3915604 TI - [The mechanism of the NBG-GMA bonding to human dentine and the examination of the bond strength by physical and chemical methods]. PMID- 3915606 TI - [True histiocytic lymphoma: morphologic, enzyme histochemical and immunologic study]. PMID- 3915607 TI - The future of hepatology. PMID- 3915608 TI - Study of renovascular hypertension in rats. III. Effects of converting enzyme inhibitor (captopril) on the plasma and renal renin activity in two-kidney goldblatt hypertension in rats. AB - Two-kidney, one-clip Goldblatt models were created in Wistar rats by placing a stenotic clip around the left renal artery. A converting enzyme inhibitor, captopril was started just after operation (group 1), 4 weeks (group 2) or 12 weeks after operation (group 3). The plasma and renal renin activity (PRA and RRA) were measured by radioimmunoassay. Group 1 rats, being normotensive during captopril treatment, developed hypertension after cessation of captopril. The PRA was normal, while the RRA of ischemic kidneys was higher than that of the opposite kidneys. In group 3 rats captopril corrected hypertension in 4 of 6 rats. Although after 3 months their PRA was elevated, no difference was found in the renin content of kidneys. Group 2 rats sustained hypertension despite continued captopril treatment. These data suggest that in the early and chronic stage of this type of renovascular hypertension the renin-angiotensin system may play a major role in initiating and maintaining hypertension. In the intermediate stage (group 2), another mechanism may be involved since captopril had no effect while the pattern of the PRA and RRA of group 2 was almost the same as that of group 1. PMID- 3915609 TI - [Applications and laboratory technology of non-precious alloys. 2: Applications and processing properties, laboratory technical procedures]. PMID- 3915610 TI - [Ringless casting technics]. PMID- 3915611 TI - [Abu Bakr ibn Zakaria Er-Razi (Rhazes): the greatest Arabo-Islamic physician and one of the most famous who knew humanity]. PMID- 3915612 TI - [The adult kidney cancer. On 90 cases]. PMID- 3915614 TI - Perspective in review. One group's struggle with development of a pump oxygenator. PMID- 3915613 TI - [A psychiatric poem on hysterical neurosis]. PMID- 3915615 TI - Mechanisms of hypersensitivity reactions during hemodialysis. AB - We suggest that many severe hypersensitivity reactions during dialysis are IgE mediated (classical anaphylaxis). Besides ETO there must be other substances involved which are not extractable from the dialyzer (e.g. heparin). Some severe reactions are not explained by high IgE levels in the serum. However, in vitro complement activation gives no indication of an anaphylatoxin mediated reaction mechanism, at least in the severe cases of hypersensitivity. PMID- 3915616 TI - Canine heart-lung autoperfusion. PMID- 3915617 TI - Long-term percutaneous access device. PMID- 3915618 TI - Platelets modify surface-bound fibrinogen. PMID- 3915619 TI - Long-term nonheparinized left heart bypass (LHB): centrifugal pump or roller pump. PMID- 3915620 TI - Bridging cardiac transplantation with a total artificial heart. PMID- 3915621 TI - Intravenous and ileal loop insulin delivery in pancreatectomized pigs. PMID- 3915622 TI - Effects of plasmapheresis in renal transplant rejection. A controlled study. PMID- 3915623 TI - Esperanza. Presidential address. PMID- 3915624 TI - [Study on the preparation of a gene probe for the detection of heat-labile toxin in enterotoxigenic E. coli]. PMID- 3915625 TI - [Hybridization and selection of yeast. V. Breeding of medical yeast]. PMID- 3915626 TI - [Studies on enterotoxin plasmids. III. Analysis of plasmids in resistant and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli by gel electrophoresis]. PMID- 3915627 TI - [Enzymatic synthesis of cefadroxil by E. coli PN-66]. PMID- 3915628 TI - [History of the International Association for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Allied Professions (IACAP & AP)]. PMID- 3915629 TI - [Functional exploration of the pancreas]. PMID- 3915630 TI - The biological role of thromboxane A2 in the process of hemostasis and thrombosis; pharmacology and perspectives of therapeutical use of thromboxane synthetase inhibitors and receptor PGH2/TXA2 antagonists. AB - The biological role of thromboxane A2 in the process of hemostasis and thrombosis; pharmacology and perspectives of the therapeutical use of thromboxane synthetase inhibitors and receptor PGH2/TXA2 antagonists. Acta physiol. pol., 1985, 36 (3): 153-164. The biology of thromboxane A2 and pharmacology of drugs that selectively inhibit generation and action of this eicosanoid are reviewed. Author's opinion on therapeutical perspectives for thromboxane synthetase inhibitors and receptor PGH2/TXA2 antagonists is also presented. PMID- 3915631 TI - Anti-aggregatory prostanoids. Part I. AB - Properties of several products of cyclo-oxygenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids: prostacyclin, prostaglandins 6-keto E1, E2, D2, D3 are reviewed in relation to their antiplatelet activity. PMID- 3915632 TI - Anti-aggregatory prostanoids. Part II. AB - The mechanism of antiplatelet potency of prostanoids and pharmacological methods that regulate their endogenous release are discussed. In addition the role of antiaggregatory prostanoids in atherosclerosis and some clinical trials with prostanoids are reviewed. PMID- 3915634 TI - [Artificial intelligence and help in diagnosis]. PMID- 3915633 TI - [Controlled study of antibiotic prophylaxis with ceftriaxone in general surgery]. PMID- 3915635 TI - Ernest A. Spiegel 1895-1985. PMID- 3915636 TI - Hartwig Kuhlenbeck 1897-1984. PMID- 3915637 TI - Proceedings of the ninth meeting of the World Society for Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery. Toronto, Ont., July 4-7, 1985. PMID- 3915638 TI - Present and future developments of stereotactic technology. AB - Incorporation of a surgical computer system into stereotactic methodology provides the facility for efficient utilization of the multiple data bases at the disposal of the modern stereotactician. Computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and digital fluoroscopy data gathered in stereotactic conditions are digitized into a stereotactic surgical matrix for surgical planning and interactive surgical procedures. The advantages of this system are illustrated in stereotactic biopsy, interstitial irradiation, and laser resections of intracranial tumors. PMID- 3915639 TI - New CT-guided stereotactic apparatus and clinical experience with intracerebral hematomas. AB - The conventional Sugita stereotactic frame has been improved to perform CT-guided stereotactic surgery both in the CT and operating rooms. The development of our instrument and the software of the scanners' computer are presented. Newly designed equipment produced almost no artifacts on the CT image. Using the improved stereotactic frame, we have operated upon 44 intracerebral hematomas in the CT room. More than 80% of the cases had satisfactory results. Two complications were encountered, and 1 patient died from pneumonia. Our initial experience of the pre- and postoperative cerebral blood flow measurement with 133Xe inhalation method and single photon emission CT is described. PMID- 3915640 TI - Stereotactic interstitial brachytherapy--current concepts and concerns in twenty patients. AB - Recent advances in imaging and stereotactic techniques have resulted in wider application of interstitial brachytherapy (IBT) for brain tumors. The advantages of brachytherapy alone or in combination with teletherapy have been detailed, and may be responsible for increasing survival time. We report the preliminary results of 20 patients who underwent CT stereotactic IBT for malignant brain tumors. Despite both old and recent evidence about the efficacy of IBT, concerns remain about the proper grade neoplasm, the target, the dose, and the timing for treatment. Current usage of IBT should be limited to centers with both stereotactic and radiotherapeutic expertise, and where the risks and benefits are being investigated. PMID- 3915641 TI - Treatment of low malignancy brain neoplasms by means of stereotactic interstitial radiotherapy. AB - The authors report their results of 37 patients with low malignancy brain tumors seated in deep or highly functional areas not amenable to traditional surgery, nor to conventional radiochemotherapy. In the past 5 years these patients were treated by means of stereotactic interstitial radiotherapy. The isotope employed in all cases was 125I. Stereotactic radioisotope implants were always preceded by multiple stereotactic biopsies affording precise histological diagnoses. A 6 month to 5-year follow-up shows a survival rate of 72.6% (29 patients), and of these patients, 80.9% (26 out of 29) had complete social reentry. PMID- 3915642 TI - Stereotactic radiosurgery utilizing a linear accelerator. AB - The authors have developed a radiosurgical technique based on multiple arc irradiations. The target is fixed to the rotational isocenter of a Varian 4 MV linear accelerator. The first irradiation is carried out while the radiating source is rotating on a 100-140 degrees arc. The patient is then rotated around a vertical axis passing through the target, and arc irradiations are repeated in different angular positions. By this technique it is possible to obtain very steep dose gradients at the borders of the target volume. High doses are usually delivered in two shots. 47 patients have been treated so far in a clinical trial that started in November 1982. The paper deals with the preliminary results (more than 6 months' follow-up) obtained in patients affected by nonresectable brain tumors and AVMs. PMID- 3915643 TI - Stereotactic intracavitary irradiation of cystic neoplasms of the brain. AB - Ten patients with intracranial cystic tumors underwent stereotactic intracavitary irradiation using 32P colloidal chromic phosphate. Accurate dosimetry (25,000 30,000 rad to the cast wall) was achieved by volume estimation using computed tomography. Between 1 and 15 months after surgery both craniopharyngioma and astrocytoma cysts regressed. Neurological, visual, and endocrinological deficits either stabilized or improved. Intracavitary irradiation should be the primary method of treating solitary cystic tumors of the brain. PMID- 3915644 TI - CT-guided ablative stereotaxis without ventriculography. AB - A new technique is described which permits all types of stereotactic surgery to be done without ventriculography, with CT guidance only. The present series consists of 42 patients who underwent thalamotomy, posteromedial hypothalamotomy, dentatotomy or anterior capsulotomy for movement disorders, chronic pain, spasmodic torticollis or psychiatric illness. Postoperative lesion control with repeated CT showed that the method was accurate. The clinical results were considered to be better than those after previous ventriculography-guided surgery. It is concluded that ventriculography is no longer needed for stereotactic neurosurgery. PMID- 3915645 TI - Chronic stimulation of the septal area for the relief of intractable pain. AB - Although brain stimulation techniques have changed the treatment of pain, their rationale has not yet been fully proved, and their clinical results are still frequently erratic or contradictory. In an attempt to provide alternate sites for stimulation, 10 patients were, in addition to conventional targets, chronically implanted at the septal area. Satisfactory relief of dysesthetic pain was induced by septal stimulation in 60% of the cases overall, without untoward effects. The follow-up ranged from 1 to 42 months. The available data conceivably suggest other mechanisms than the presumed exclusive activation of opiomimetic structures. They also seem to indicate that the septal area may be a suitable target for chronic stimulation. PMID- 3915646 TI - Enhancement of memory with human ventrolateral thalamic stimulation: effect evident on a dichotic listening task. AB - Previous experience with left ventrolateral thalamic (VL) stimulation during visually presented language and verbal memory tasks has shown that stimulation at the time information enters memory increases the accuracy of subsequent recall. The present study investigated the effects of VL stimulation on an auditory dichotic listening task. A similar effect was identified with significantly more words presented during left VL stimulation subsequently correctly reported, compared to words presented in the absence of stimulation, or with right VL stimulation. No significant effects on the ratios of correct responses from opposite ears were observed. PMID- 3915647 TI - Stimulation of the basal nucleus of Meynert in senile dementia of Alzheimer's type. A preliminary report. AB - The basal nuclei of Meynert are the principal sources of cholinergic innervation of the cerebral cortex. It has been hypothesized that the depressed cortical glucose metabolic activity in senile dementia of Alzheimer's type (SDAT) may result primarily from diminished activity and loss of these cells. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that electrical stimulation of the basal nuclei would bring about clinical improvement and increase cortical glucose metabolic activity in SDAT. An electrode was implanted in September 1984 into the left basal nucleus of a 74-year-old man with SDAT. Repetitive cycles of stimulation for 9 months since have had no definite effect clinically but a follow-up positron emission tomography scan shows that cortical glucose metabolic activity was preserved in the ipsilateral temporal and parietal lobes while it declined elsewhere in the cortex. PMID- 3915648 TI - X-ray and magnetic resonance stereotaxy for functional and nonfunctional neurosurgery. AB - By means of new plastic stereotactic ring and head fixers, stereotactic procedures can be combined with MRI, with stereotactic coordinates obtained from the MRI images. The method was rechecked against CT stereotaxy and shows a good correspondence of the target coordinates. With MRI stereotaxy, structures near bony regions will be more accessible than with CT stereotaxy. Moreover, the MRI procedure seems to have advantages for functional therapy without the necessity of contrast ventriculography. PMID- 3915649 TI - Further experience in stereotactic pontine tractotomy. AB - The problem with percutaneous and even stereotactic cordotomy is the difficulty in obtaining sufficiently high analgesic levels without autonomic complications, although the problem seemed to apply to relatively few patients since percutaneous and stereotactic spinal procedures achieved sufficiently high analgesic levels to encompass most patients' pain. There is a group of patients, however, with high pain in the shoulder and neck where conventional percutaneous and stereotactic spinal procedure are dangerous. From the standpoint of achieving high levels of analgesia with a low incidence of dysaesthesia, pontomedullary lesions appear to have advantages. PMID- 3915650 TI - Woroschiloff's locating device for interventions on the spinal cord and its influence on spinal stereotaxis. AB - 111 years ago the first locating device for the spinal cord was constructed, which became the basis for the contemporary spinal cord stereotaxy. Woroschiloff invented this device to operate stereotactically in different spinal cord segments. Nowadays only the fixation of the spinal cord stereotactic device to the wound retractor has changed from his concept, and control of the surgical instrument has been improved in three perpendicular planes corresponding to the special stereotactic maps of the human spinal cord. PMID- 3915651 TI - Stereotactic pallidotomy in extrapyramidal disorders. AB - The results of stereotactic pallidotomy in 37 patients with extrapyramidal disorders are presented. All patients had the same RF lesions and target coordinates. The patients are classified into 5 groups according to the clinical picture. These results are compared with those obtained by thalamotomy in a similar group of patients. The main indications for pallidotomy are given. The spatial representation of globus pallidus medialis according to Andrews and Watkins, Talairach and the author are shown and their differences discussed. PMID- 3915652 TI - Present role of stereotactic thalamotomy for parkinsonism. Retrospective analysis of operative results and thalamic lesions in computed tomograms. AB - 14 cases of unilateral and 5 cases of bilateral thalamotomy for parkinsonism were reviewed, with 32-144 months' (mean 67.8) and 54-212 months' (mean 110) follow up, respectively, after the initial operation. Rigidity and tremor disappeared in approximately 80% of cases and was reduced in the remaining 20%. 68% improved by one or two grades in the Hoehn-Yahr scale after operation. Thalamotomy abolished dyskinesias and on-off phenomena on the operated sides. 36% of cases discontinued levodopa therapy after operation. CT study of the lesions suggested that destruction of a large part of basal Vop was most important to obtain the best results. PMID- 3915653 TI - Digital image processing to handle neuroanatomical information and neurophysiological data. AB - An application of computer graphics technology to functional stereotactic neurosurgery is presented. Neuroanatomical images derived from a stereotactic atlas and information retrieved from a neurophysiological data base are drawn on a graphic monitor. The pictures are oriented and scaled according to appropriate landmarks. The aim of this work is to add confidence in the surgeon's selection of the probe trajectory and to improve the knowledge of sensory and motor organization within the thalamus. PMID- 3915654 TI - Idiopathic oromandibular dyskinesia treated by Vo complex microstereotactic thalamotomy. AB - Two cases of oromandibular or buccolingual dyskinesia, which did not respond to medical therapy, had lesions produced in the Vo complex of the thalamus by microstereotactic surgery with almost complete relief of symptoms. It was assumed the symptom, as well as levodopa-induced dyskinesia, may depend on the striato pallido-thalamic projection. PMID- 3915655 TI - A new stereotactic instrument for use with computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. AB - The new stereotactic instrument has the advantages of use with computerized tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) without special adaptations of instruments, brain targets transferred directly from CT or MRI to apparatus, and use with conventional stereotactic techniques. The apparatus is designed to meet present demands of neurosurgical facilities of good standards and capabilities, encompassing present and future developments towards more efficient and less invasive brain operations. PMID- 3915656 TI - Changes in cerebral blood flow after stereotactic thalamotomy. AB - Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), a parameter of neuronal activity in the brain, was measured by the 133Xe inhalation method in 43 patients undergoing stereotactic thalamotomy. A postoperative flow reduction of about 2% in the operated hemisphere was found, persisting in further measurements performed after a year. There was no consistent change in the pattern of regional flow distribution. The results indicate a diminished level of activity in the hemisphere subjected to thalamotomy, but the change could not be linked to any specific area or function. PMID- 3915657 TI - Missing pieces in the epilepsy puzzle. AB - Research regarding the basic mechanisms of the epilepsies has been limited and has generated few clues that have led to dramatic improvements in the surgical therapy of epilepsy. It is now known that the epileptic focus is characterized by a population of pacemaker neurons that fire autonomously in bursts. When this high frequency discharge recruits bursting activity in neighboring neurons, a propagating seizure occurs. Such data as well as other recent data in neurobiology indicate that new forms of surgical therapy may be forthcoming including brain transplantation as well as local application of transmitter compounds which may significantly improve the therapy of epilepsy. PMID- 3915658 TI - Computer tomography-controlled stereotactic surgery. AB - In computed tomography (CT)-controlled stereotactic surgery, the coordinate system of the CT scanner is applied to determine the target depth and direction as well as for readjustment of final probe direction. This method can be used for all types of stereotactic surgery for the brain. PMID- 3915659 TI - Dynamic EEG topography and analysis of epileptic spikes and evoked potentials following thalamic stimulation. AB - Dynamic EEG topography is used to study evoked potentials following thalamic stimulation as well as epileptic spikes and spike-wave complexes during stereotactic operations. Dynamic EEG topography is an effective method for displaying the distribution pattern of evoked potentials following thalamic stimulation. This technique makes it possible to observe successive increases in augmenting responses and to define the localization of epileptic foci. PMID- 3915660 TI - CT-guided stereotactic aspiration of intracerebral hematoma--result of a hematoma lysis method using urokinase. AB - CT-guided stereotactic aspiration was performed in the CT room on 97 patients with hypertensive intracerebral hematomas, using a standard ventricular cannula. Residual hematomas were liquefied by urokinase and aspirated through the drainage tube. Major and minor rebleeding were seen in 7 cases. Two out of the 4 major rebleeding cases were followed by craniotomy, while the other cases were treated conservatively. More than 80% of the hematomas were aspirated in 68 cases, 50-70% in 19 cases and 30-40% in 6 cases. Operation in the CT room and hematoma lysis with urokinase is very useful for the aspiration of intracerebral hematomas. PMID- 3915661 TI - CT-guided stereotactic surgery for evacuation of hypertensive intracerebral hematoma. AB - During the last 3 years, 46 cases of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage were treated by CT-guided stereotactic surgery. Our present report is concerned with the evaluation of this procedure in the treatment of hypertensive intracerebral hematoma, in terms of the rate of aspirated hematoma and follow-up study of patients. It is difficult to draw any definite conclusion about the operative indications. CT-guided stereotactic aspiration, however, can be evaluated as a less invasive and more definitive treatment of intracerebral hematoma in the basal ganglia and thalamus. PMID- 3915662 TI - Cryptic vascular malformations diagnosed by stereotactic biopsies--a preliminary study. AB - A series of 14 cryptic vascular malformations (CVM) deeply situated or localized in functional cortical areas were diagnosed by serial stereotactic biopsies. No history was suggestive of hemorrhage, despite a substantial hematoma being evacuated during biopsy procedures in 4 patients. Retrospectively, CVM without hematoma were found to have certain characteristics that should raise the suspicion as to the correct diagnosis. At the time of discharge from the hospital, only 1 patient had mild aggravation of a preexisting motor deficit, which further improved. Serial stereotactic biopsies provided the required histological diagnosis with relatively low risk. PMID- 3915663 TI - Physiological monitoring of stereotactic biopsy. AB - It is helpful to have direct confirmation during a CT-guided stereotactic procedure that the intended target has been reached without operating under imaging. This can be simply accomplished with readily available equipment by serial monitoring of electrical impedance as a probe is directed to the target because the impedance of hematomas, cysts, and most neoplasms is conspicuously below that of normal brain. PMID- 3915665 TI - Experience in the first 100 patients undergoing computerized tomography-guided stereotactic procedures utilizing the Brown-Roberts-Wells guidance system. AB - A series of 100 patients undergoing CT-guided stereotactic procedures for biopsy and/or drainage (n = 87), deep brain electrode placement (n = 9), endoscopy (n = 1), and functional lesioning (n = 3) was reviewed. Only 1 patient required general anesthesia. There were 4 procedural related hematomas, only 1 of which was symptomatic. No other complications were encountered. PMID- 3915664 TI - Correlation between stereo-EEG, CT-scan and stereotactic biopsy data in epileptic patients with low-grade gliomas. AB - Stereo-EEG activity, which was recorded precisely from the same location as stereotactic biopsies, was studied on 11 patients with low-grade glioma and severe partial epilepsy. The volume of the lesions varied from 6 to 72 cm3 (mean 23 cm3). A very depressed activity was recorded in all the 25 specimens of solid tumor and in more than half of infiltrated white matter. The background activity was still conserved in all 'normal' fragments, while it is never found in solid tumor; sometimes it could be found in the infiltrating tumors of white or gray matter. High voltage theta and delta activity was recorded in neither 'normal' nor solid tumors. We emphasize the importance of considering the stage of evolution when we evaluate the significance of the stereo-EEG activity. PMID- 3915666 TI - Use of intraoperative stimulation in the selection of target sites for CT-guided stereotactic biopsies. AB - We have utilized intraoperative stimulation to establish the functional nature of tissue to be biopsied in 20 patients undergoing CT-guided stereotactic biopsies. We have performed from 1-4 stimulations at 2-100 Hz using a monopolar and/or bipolar electrode at the intended target sites. Thresholds for motor and sensory response have been obtained. Stimulation results have ranged from sensory changes to tonic/clonic motor activity of the contralateral body and face. PMID- 3915667 TI - Accuracy of CT scans in identifying tumor tissue. AB - The authors present their experience with stereotactic biopsy of brain tumors. Biopsies were obtained sequentially at different depths from the center of the tumor according to coordinates derived from computerized tomography (CT). Biopsies were obtained from 23 brain tumors: 17 gliomas, 5 metastases, and 1 lymphoma. In all a total of 137 biopsies were studied from both enhancing and nonenhancing areas. The tumor yield from these biopsies was 68 and 73%, respectively. It appears that tumor tissue may be obtained from both the enhancing periphery as well as the nonenhancing center of tumors. PMID- 3915668 TI - Diagnosis and treatment of brainstem mass lesions by CT-guided stereotactic surgery. AB - Current neuroradiographic techniques including computed tomographic scanning (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) when added to the clinical neurologic examination can localize precisely even small lesions within the brainstem. While the clinical-radiographic diagnosis is accurate with respect to locale, it is often in error with respect to the pathologic nature of the solitary brainstem lesion. Therefore, empiric treatment without the benefit of a tissue diagnosis will often be inappropriate. CT-guided stereotactic surgery can safely and reliably provide a tissue diagnosis in such cases. Furthermore, in selected cases, therapeutic interventions can be of substantial and lasting benefit to the patient. PMID- 3915670 TI - Survey of CT-guided stereotactic surgery. PMID- 3915669 TI - Cell kinetics of neuroepithelial tumors in serial stereotactic biopsies. A new combined approach. AB - 33 consecutive patients with brain glial tumors underwent serial stereotactic biopsies and (3H)-thymidine in vitro investigation. The labeling index has been determined in each case and matched with the WHO histological classification. The feasibility and the accuracy of cell kinetics study applied to stereotactic biopsies are discussed in view of future application for prognostic purposes. Particular attention is given to the description of the method. PMID- 3915671 TI - Intracranial tumor biopsy--CT-guided stereotactic surgery. AB - A modification of Gildenberg's technique for brain tumor biopsy is described. Marking the light beam of the gantry on the scalp with a pencil, when the lesion appears on the screen, no ScoutView is necessary. With radiopaque marks on the drawn lines, the levels of the slice are transferred to a lateral conventional X ray, for calculation of the 'Z' coordinate. 'X' and 'Y' coordinates are determined on the CT scanner. PMID- 3915672 TI - A new apparatus for CT-guided stereotactic surgery. AB - Combining whole-body CT scan with a stereotactic system, the authors have developed and applied clinically an apparatus which readily provides intraoperative CT images, making it possible to confirm the location of the target point and ascertain the intraoperative environment. It takes about 9 s to obtain a CT image. Our purpose is to make stereotactic surgery, a kind of blind surgery, as safe and reliable as a visualized procedure by intraoperative CT scanning. By the method, in which there is very little invasion under local anesthesia, evacuation of deep-seated intracerebral hematomas as well as brain abscesses and also biopsy or brachytherapy of brain tumors in the brain can be done with safety and reliability. PMID- 3915674 TI - A true 'advanced imaging assisted' skull-mounted stereotactic system. AB - A stereotactic system has been designed based upon a series of interlocking discs secured to the skull with self-tapping screws. Unlike previous skull-mounted systems, this system is a true, advanced imaging based stereotactic device with the capabilities and accuracy of more traditional, frame based devices. It has been used in a range of applications, from simple biopsies to interstitial radiation implant procedures. Well tolerated by the patient, it allows reaccess to the intracranial target without rescanning. It is convenient for the physician to utilize, both mechanically and timewise, is adaptable to MRI, DSA, and conventional X-ray techniques without modification, and is affordable. PMID- 3915673 TI - Use of the Brown-Roberts-Wells stereotactic frame for functional neurosurgery. AB - The Brown-Roberts-Wells (BRW) stereotactic unit has proven itself to be a highly accurate instrument for biopsying or locating pathologic intracranial lesions based on CT scan information. We utilized the BRW frame to select 18 target sites in 12 patients undergoing functional stereotactic procedures. Two patients had bilateral cingulumotomies, 5 had thalamotomies for movement disorders, and 5 underwent electrode implantations for the treatment of chronic pain. Stereotactic frame settings were determined using a positive contrast ventriculogram, orthogonal radiographs, and a computer program provided with the BRW system. In addition, attempts were made to select targets based on CT scan landmarks alone, and these were compared to those derived using ventriculography. We found the BRW frame to be a satisfactory device for performing functional neurosurgical procedures based on ventriculographic landmarks. Coordinates derived from CT scans were similar to those obtained with ventriculography, but were not accurate enough to permit the use of CT scanning as the sole means of target identification. Although future improvements in imaging techniques and computer software are likely to occur, our experience supports ventriculography as the current method of choice for the precise localization of functional targets with the BRW stereotactic system. PMID- 3915675 TI - Real-time three-dimensional graphic reconstructions using Brown-Roberts-Wells frame coordinates in a microcomputer environment. AB - A desktop microcomputer environment that utilizes Brown-Roberts-Wells (BRW) frame coordinates for creation of three-dimensional depiction of operator-defined intracranial structures has been developed. The system allows direct reading of Siemens CT scan images from a floppy disc, structural edge definition, and reconstruction of defined images. The system is used in the operating room to view scans, perform standard BRW stereotactic functions, and create three dimensional graphics for such tasks as defining tumor margins, conceptualizing positional relationships of intracranial structures, and radiation planning. PMID- 3915676 TI - An applicability study on a CT-guided stereotactic technique for functional neurosurgery. AB - When a CT-guided stereotactic technique for functional neurosurgery is adopted, extremely precise targeting is needed to obtain satisfactory surgical results. In this study the authors have investigated the accuracy of the target points determined by CT-guided techniques and compared with those of conventional roentgenographically controlled stereotactic procedures. Stereotactic surgery, employing the Brown-Roberts-Wells (BRW) system, was performed contemporarily 26 times in 23 patients, that is, 9 times in 8 patients for functional neurosurgery using with the roentgenographic method, and 17 times in 15 patients with the CT guided method only for intracranial neoplasm biopsy. As a result, there were no problems of accuracy of determining the target points by CT-guided stereotactic surgery with the BRW system. When applying this technique for functional neurosurgery, it should be pointed out that there could be a discrepancy within 2 mm from the conventional target determination. PMID- 3915677 TI - Stereotactic system and apparatus for use with magnetic resonance imaging, computerized tomography, and digital subtraction imaging. AB - A light-weight nonmagnetic, nonconductive instrument has been devised for use with magnetic resonance imaging, computerized tomography, and digital subtraction imaging for work in the field of epilepsy, brain tumors and vascular lesions. The apparatus' main characteristic is its ability to use optionally either the lateral orthogonal or the spherical-radial approach. PMID- 3915678 TI - [Design and trial of a simple device for the measurement of abraded sections of calcified tissues]. PMID- 3915679 TI - [Emergence of resistance to antibiotics in enteropathogens. Implications and speculations]. PMID- 3915682 TI - Head posture--an historical review of the literature. PMID- 3915681 TI - [Exercises of clinical reasoning]. PMID- 3915680 TI - Emergence of sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim resistant Shigella flexneri in Northeastern Brazil. AB - In contrast to prior experience in this setting, three of four Shigella flexneri strains recently isolated from patients in Northeastern Brazil with acute inflammatory diarrhea were found to be resistant to sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim and the combination in vitro. We performed mating studies to determine if the resistance was transferable, and then isolated and characterized plasmid DNA from the resistant Shigella isolates, other resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolated simultaneously from the stools of these individuals, and transconjugant strains. Each of the resistant Shigella strains contained a large plasmid. These plasmids were of different molecular weights ranging from 30 to 50 Mdal in size. Two of these plasmids were transferred with sulfamethoxazole trimethoprim resistance to E. coli K-12 recipient strains. These findings of transferable resistance to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim associated with plasmids in Shigella and in other Enterobacteriaceae raises concerns about the potential limitations of this widely used antimicrobial combination. PMID- 3915683 TI - Effect of garlic oil on the pancreas of experimental diabetes in guineapigs. PMID- 3915684 TI - [Clinical evaluation of composite-bonded bridges and a study on the retention effects of various metal designs]. PMID- 3915685 TI - [Anaerobic bacterial growth under cemented fixed dentures]. PMID- 3915686 TI - [A prosthetic approach in cases of severe attrition]. PMID- 3915687 TI - [The effect of separating agents on the surface characteristics of denture base material]. PMID- 3915688 TI - [The retention of metal-reinforced bonded restorations]. PMID- 3915689 TI - [The relation between the palatal contour of the maxillary complete denture and clarity of speech]. PMID- 3915690 TI - [The effect of acid etching on enamel as seen under scanning electron microscopy]. PMID- 3915691 TI - [Experimental comparison of partial dentures in the partially edentulous maxillary arch with a minimal number of teeth remaining in relation to their retentive abilities (II)]. PMID- 3915692 TI - [Photoelastic stress analysis of partial dentures in the partially edentulous maxillary arch with the minimal number of teeth remaining in relation to their force transmission. III]. PMID- 3915693 TI - [Clinical use of a modified intracoronal retainer in removable partial dentures designed for the partially edentulous maxillary arch with the minimal number of teeth remaining. I]. PMID- 3915695 TI - [Bonding of composite resins to etched and nonetched glass ionomer cements]. PMID- 3915694 TI - A new procedure for recording centric relation and taking impressions in older adults with severely resorbed lower jaws. PMID- 3915696 TI - [Mechanical properties of crown-root build-ups for endodontically-treated premolars]. PMID- 3915697 TI - [Thermal response to ultra-high speed cutting in tooth structures]. PMID- 3915698 TI - [Arrangement of the anterior teeth in complete dentures]. PMID- 3915699 TI - Growth and development of biofeedback: a bibliographic analysis. AB - A computerized search was performed, and a bibliography was prepared on the subject of biofeedback covering the years from 1964 to 1985. Growth curves were produced for various publication media. The search produced references to 2,431 journal articles, 102 books, 79 popular magazine articles, and 551 doctoral dissertations. The journal articles were sorted according to the country of publication, language, and primary topic of the journal. Citations were found from 35 countries, written in 18 languages. All the media studied showed a period of rapid growth during the early to middle 1970s, but there was a tendency for leveling off or slight decline during the early 1980s. Publication of articles in medical journals has shown the greatest growth, and more articles are published yearly in medical journals than in journals of any other discipline or all specialty journals combined. Publication in psychological journals has shown a decline since 1977. Dental, nursing, and educational journals have shown a low rate of publication of biofeedback articles, indicating little or no growth. PMID- 3915700 TI - Thermal feedback in Raynaud's phenomenon secondary to systemic lupus erythematosus: long-term remission of target symptoms. AB - Thermal feedback shows promise when applied to Raynaud's phenomenon secondary to systematic lupus erythematosus (SLE). A female subject was followed over an 8 year period that included initial training, 1-year follow-up, and 8-year follow up. Peripheral circulation was initially very poor, as evidenced by low basal fingertip temperatures and trophic lesions at the fingernails. An intensive 5 week training regimen in thermal self-regulation yielded evidence of hand warming, followed by an increase in basal finger temperature. Reported vasospasms were markedly reduced and the lesions healed in the ensuing weeks. As of the 1 year follow-up, the skill was intact. Symptoms remained in substantial remission throughout the 8-year period during which the subject practiced somatic relaxation and hand warming without electronic feedback. Objective temperature measurement at the 8-year juncture yielded results similar to the initial acquisition, gradual manifestation of control over the first 4 days. The subject also reported diminution of vascular headache, another symptom of SLE. While much of the biofeedback literature is focused on stress-related disease, research of this kind affirms the value of self-regulatory technique in illnesses whose causes are primarily physical. PMID- 3915701 TI - Characteristics of stress clinic attendees. AB - Increasing numbers of self-referral stress management programs are using relaxation and biofeedback techniques, but few data are available on the characteristics of the clients upon which one might base the design or improvement of a self-regulation program. The type, duration, and severity of stress problem, medication, and demographic information were obtained from 423 adults who attended a university-based stress clinic. The clients were classified into four symptom groups (anxiety, muscle tension headache, muscle tension, and "other") and one asymptomatic (personal growth) group. Ten sessions of cognitive and somatic relaxation techniques were provided, followed by a posttreatment improvement questionnaire. The asymptomatic group was significantly different from the stress groups, whereas the latter exhibited more similarities than differences. The groups reported an average improvement in well-being of 67%, and the majority of clients equally preferred the autogenic and progressive muscle relaxation therapies. PMID- 3915702 TI - Animals and medicine. The Long Fox memorial lecture. PMID- 3915703 TI - [Bonded retainer for anterior periodontal splinting]. PMID- 3915704 TI - Behavioral side effects of benzodiazepine hypnotics. PMID- 3915705 TI - Nocturnal traffic noise, sleep, and quality of awakening: neurophysiologic, psychometric, and receptor activity changes after quazepam. PMID- 3915706 TI - The role of low-dose benzodiazepines in the management of insomnia. PMID- 3915707 TI - Hypnotic efficacy in acute stress: objective and subjective evaluation. PMID- 3915708 TI - Introduction to clinical electrophysiologic studies. AB - Clinical electrophysiology is an evolving field of increasing complexity. Electrophysiologic testing is an invasive technique requiring proper patient selection, appropriately trained personnel, as well as suitable facilities and equipment for its optimal application. This introductory chapter has addressed several aspects of clinical electrophysiologic studies. The present and evolving status of clinical electrophysiology in the management of patients with rhythm and conduction disorders is reviewed in further detail in subsequent chapters of this book. PMID- 3915709 TI - Electrophysiologic studies for pacemaker selection. AB - Decisions regarding proper pacemaker selection are becoming increasingly complex. With the advances in pacemaker technology it is important to determine not only if permanent pacing is indicated but what type of pacemaker will be most effective. Antitachycardia pacing is becoming a more accepted treatment option in patients with disabling or life-threatening arrhythmias. With all the ongoing changes in cardiac pacing, electrophysiologic testing becomes an increasingly important and necessary tool in the evaluation of patients with complex conduction and rhythm disorders. PMID- 3915710 TI - Surgical management and mapping of cardiac arrhythmias. PMID- 3915711 TI - Update on cardiac pacemakers: description, complications, indications, and followup. AB - Great advances in pacemaker technology have produced devices capable of a vast array of physiologic adaptations formerly unimaginable, opening new possibilities in the pacemaker treatment of almost all rhythm disturbances. Nearly all units in use today are of the inhibited type, except for some antitachycardia applications. The AV-sequential mode (DVI) allows for preservation of AV synchrony, and the universal pacemaker (DDD) allows for a more physiologic response to a range of atrial rates. Programmability of numerous parameters has added a new dimension of adaptability to a variety of changing physiologic needs and pacemaker performance patterns, eliminating the need for surgical revision in many cases. The standard power source of today's pacemaker is the lithium chemistry cell, and the 5-year pacemaker is a reality, with 10 to 15 years of longevity distinctly possible in the near future. Almost all pacemakers use the transvenous route for access to the heart; new positive-fixation electrodes reduce displacement to a minimum; and new polyurethane or silicone-rubber leads have greatly simplified the techniques for implantation. Bipolar pacing systems are preferred, to avoid the oversensing of skeletal muscle interference--a problem that is especially important in triggered systems such as those used for antitachycardia applications. Threshold measurements are performed in millivolts at the time of implantation of most constant-voltage units, and current threshold measurements are useful for troubleshooting when failure to capture exists. Sensitivity parameters should be adjusted to sense the intracardiac signal; its amplitude should be determined in all cases, and measurement of the slew rate is useful when the amplitude is marginal. Recording of AV and VA conduction characteristics should be part of the routine implanting procedure, especially when simple blood pressure measurement during ventricular pacing indicates that this modality will be poorly tolerated and, therefore, implantation of a dual chamber unit is contemplated. Different modalities of pacemaker malfunction have been reviewed, including the "cross-talk" phenomenon encountered with dual chamber pacing. With the introduction of newer techniques, a host of pacemaker mediated tachycardias have appeared, notably the "endless-loop" tachycardia of DDD pacemakers. This and other electrophysiologic phenomena of normal pacemaker function are bound to multiply as technology becomes more complex, but they should not be a problem if the programmable parameters are adapted to the electrophysiology of each particular patient.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3915712 TI - Use of electrical pacemakers in the treatment of ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation. AB - Significant advances have been made in the therapy of ventricular arrhythmias. Many new antiarrhythmic drugs have expanded the medical armamentarium to treat ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation, and the use of intracardiac electrophysiologic studies has aided in predicting long-term drug efficacy. Major advances have also been made in the surgical treatment of arrhythmias. However, there remain a number of patients in whom ventricular arrhythmias remain a major therapeutic problem and, in some of these, electrical devices may aid in treatment. Overdrive pacing may prevent certain cases of ventricular arrhythmias, and antitachycardia devices may be useful in terminating paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia. In certain circumstances, internal cardioversion or defibrillation may be an alternative. At present, antitachycardia pacing and internal countershock must be considered as forms of therapy to be used when medical and surgical therapy are impractical or have failed. Careful selection is necessary to delineate patients in whom these forms of therapy may be indicated. PMID- 3915713 TI - Management of ventricular arrhythmias. PMID- 3915714 TI - Management of arrhythmias in children--unusual features. PMID- 3915716 TI - Electrophysiologic studies of the AV conduction system and AV nodal arrhythmias. PMID- 3915715 TI - Electrophysiologic studies of the sinus node and atria. PMID- 3915717 TI - Invasive electrophysiologic study: its role in the pre-excitation syndromes. PMID- 3915719 TI - Prof. Milroy A. Paul. PMID- 3915718 TI - Identification of functional subpopulations of murine natural killer cells based on their cell surface asialo GM1 phenotype. AB - HSV-1 infection renders a mouse fibroblast cell line (MCN) sensitive to murine splenic NK killing which is independent of interferon (IFN) induction during the assay. This NK (HSV-1) activity is distinctive from conventional NK (YAC-1) in that they cannot be aborted by anti-asialo GM1 (anti-ASGM1) antibody plus complement treatment as NK (YAC-1) does. Further characterization of these two subpopulations was carried out by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) technique based on their cell surface asialo GM1 (ASGM1) phenotype. While almost all NK (YAC-1) activity resides within FACS-positive population, both ASGM1 positive and negative cell populations can kill the virally infected MCN equally well. One interesting observation is that only the ASGM1 positive cells respond significantly to IL-2 NK boosting. Five different mouse strains (CD-1, C57BL/6J, C57BL/6J-BG, SM/J, and SJL) were compared on their FACS profile with anti-ASGM1 antibody as well as their NK function. The differences observed are discussed. PMID- 3915721 TI - [7 years' malaria surveillance in Guidong County, Hunan]. PMID- 3915720 TI - Prof. Milroy A. Paul--a tribute. PMID- 3915722 TI - [Indirect fluorescent antibody test with two different antigens in a single cross sectional survey of malaria]. PMID- 3915723 TI - [Assessment of malaria control by indirect fluorescent antibody test]. PMID- 3915724 TI - [Indirect fluorescent antibody test in a longitudinal survey of malaria]. PMID- 3915725 TI - [Development of piperaquine-resistant line of Plasmodium berghei ANKA strain]. PMID- 3915726 TI - [Microfilarial periodicity of Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi in Sichuan]. PMID- 3915727 TI - [Surveys on filariasis patients with symptoms and physical signs in Tengxian County with filariasis basically eradicated]. PMID- 3915728 TI - [The malaria situation in 1984 in the People's Republic of China]. PMID- 3915730 TI - [Studies on the monoclonal antibodies against Plasmodium falciparum]. PMID- 3915729 TI - [Epidemiologic characteristics and control of filariasis in Guizhou Province]. PMID- 3915731 TI - [Application of ELISA for the detection of malaria antibody]. PMID- 3915732 TI - [Sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum to piperaquine in Baoting County, Hainan Island]. PMID- 3915733 TI - [The sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine in South Henan]. PMID- 3915734 TI - [The fine structure of the blood stages of the piperaquine-resistant line of Plasmodium berghei ANKA strain]. PMID- 3915735 TI - Transhepatic intubation in benign and malignant lesions of the biliary ducts. PMID- 3915736 TI - The physiology of the thyroid gland. PMID- 3915737 TI - [The microbiology laboratory in the strategy of antibiotic therapy]. AB - In the past ten years great progress has been made in the diagnosis and therapy of many infectious diseases. Microbiological techniques have been developed that permit rapid identification of microorganisms and knowledge of susceptibility to antimicrobial agents. This review examines current and future perspectives about the organization of laboratory, the recent and future legislation, the economic implications. PMID- 3915738 TI - Comparative evaluation of IIF and EIA methods for serodiagnosis of toxoplasmosis. AB - A comparative evaluation between IIF and EIA methods for serological diagnosis of Toxoplasmosis has been carried out testing 920 serum samples. Both methods have been considered as equally valuable and accurate. The Authors prefer to utilize the IIF for screening purposes and EIA, which has been more sensitive at intermediate range of values, for the follow-up of the different immunological responses against Toxoplasma gondii. PMID- 3915739 TI - Monoclonal antibodies against laryngeal carcinomas. Preliminary report. AB - Following types of monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) (HMFG 1, 2 and AI 16.9) were used in twenty patients with laryngeal carcinomas (10 pharyngolaryngeal carcinomas, T4 N+ MO, and 10 vestibulo-glottic carcinomas, T1 T2, N+ N-, MO). The demonstration of MoAb's binding was performed with immunoperoxidase technique. The results demonstrate that the HMFG 1 and 2 antibodies fixed to both T and N, mostly good or very good, while the AI 16.9 antibody fixed in a various way. None of these three MoAb's was specific for the tissue of metastasis-free satellite lymph nodes. PMID- 3915740 TI - [Comparative evaluation of 3 tests for the determination of antistreptolysin titer]. AB - We have evaluated three commercial assays for ASLO titer determination Actually a hemolysis inhibition plate micromethod (ASLO Pasteur), an automated method based on kinetic measurement of an haemolytic reaction (TASOMATIC/TASOTEC, Diagnostica Senese), and another automated assays using the nephelometric quantitation of a latex particle agglutination. PMID- 3915741 TI - [Frequency of methicillin resistance varies with conditions, in a population of staphylococci from a hospital environment]. AB - The incidence of methicillin-resistant Strains is increasing in these last years. This increase is particularly evident in Strains isolated from hospital environments. In this work we evaluated the methicillin-resistance of 58 Staphylococcus Strains, isolated from a surgical intensive care ward, in various experimental conditions, which changing in: culture medium, inoculum, incubation period and antibiotic concentration. Besides this we took in consideration various factors which can influence the frequency of methicillin-resistance and can also lead to errors in the evaluation itself. From our study we can conclude that the factors are: survey "in vitro" of the resistance or of the sensitivity, exclusion or inclusion of staphylococci different from Staphylococcus aureus, double count of the same Strains isolated in different times. PMID- 3915742 TI - Comparative antihypoxic effectiveness of drugs and pressure chamber adaptation in man. PMID- 3915743 TI - Pain-linked cutaneous reception of the hand. PMID- 3915744 TI - Applications of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in pathology. PMID- 3915745 TI - The cell of origin in Hodgkin's disease: conclusions from in vivo and in vitro studies. PMID- 3915746 TI - C-reactive protein: binding to lipids and lipoproteins. PMID- 3915747 TI - [Electron microscopic findings in peripheral nerve lesions of nude mouse inoculated with M. leprae--perineural lesion]. PMID- 3915748 TI - Infectivity of a strain of Cryptosporidium found in the guinea-pig (Cavia porcellus) for guinea-pigs, mice and lambs. AB - Cryptosporidiosis was diagnosed in guinea-pigs bred by a commercial laboratory supplier on histological examination of the intestine. Oral transmission to laboratory guinea-pigs aged up to 16 weeks and to infant mice, with gut contents containing oocysts, was successful, but the organism failed to infect adult mice. From day 5 post-inoculation (pi) in guinea-pigs, infection of the ileum was associated with villous stunting and fusion, and with infiltrates of macrophages and other mononuclear cells, and eosinophils. Some guinea-pigs died; others were depressed and anorectic, with diarrhoea or watery caecal contents. Mouse infections were subclinical and caused no significant pathological changes. By contrast, a bovine Cryptosporidium isolate infected infant mice but failed to infect young guinea-pigs. Guinea-pigs and infant mice excreted oocysts in faeces after a prepatent period of 3 to 4 days. Some guinea-pigs excreted oocysts for up to 2 weeks, but excretion in mice lasted only about 4 days. Infection of guinea pigs by contact with a contaminated environment occurred, with excretion of oocysts between 17 and 27 days after exposure. An indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFA) showed that antibody was present by day 17 pi with infected bowel contents, but none was detected in the guinea-pigs exposed to the contaminated environment. The IFA test demonstrated a serological relationship between the guinea-pig isolate and a bovine strain used to infect gnotobiotic lambs. Transmission electron microscopy of intestine from infected guinea-pigs and mice showed that more than one schizont generation occurred. The first consisted of 8 merozoite packets attached to enterocytes, but many packets of 2 or 4 merozoites of the second or subsequent generations were apparently released into the gut lumen. Fixed microgametocytes contained lipid vacuoles and had microneme-like structures in their cytoplasm. Oocysts and sporocysts were also identified, with sporulation occurring within the parasitiphorous vacuole. A sparse infection was established in 1 of 2 12-day-old specific pathogen-free lambs by day 3 pi, but no oocysts were detected in its caecal contents or those of a second lamb killed 4 days later. PMID- 3915749 TI - The incidence of naturally-occurring primary brain tumours in the laboratory rat. AB - Histological analysis of 90 spontaneous primary tumours of the brain observed among 8960 ageing rats (Sprague-Dawley-derived) revealed 55 granular-cell meningiomas, 19 neoplastic reticuloses, 11 neuroglial tumours, 4 pineal tumours, and one pleomorphic, meningeal sarcoma. Although all these tumour types can occur in man and other animal species, the high incidence of granular-cell tumours, and the low degree of differentiation of some neuroglial and pineal tumours, appear to be characteristic attributes of the rat. PMID- 3915750 TI - Detection of immune complexes in sera of dogs with canine transmissible venereal sarcoma (CTVS) by a conglutinin-binding assay. AB - The canine transmissible venereal sarcoma (CTVS) is capable of extended growth in an allogeneic host. Since immune complexes can enhance allograft survival in other animal models, we used an enzyme-linked conglutinin-binding assay to determine the presence and amount of circulating immune complexes in dogs with CTVS. With the conglutinin-binding assay, 23 of 64 dogs (36 per cent) bearing CTVS had concentration of immune complexes 3 standard deviations greater than those detected in normal canine serum. When dogs with circulating immune complexes were separated into 3 groups based on whether the size of CTVS had increased (progressor), decreased (regressor) or remained the same (steady-state) during the week before collection of serum, no significant difference was found in the amounts of immune complexes in sera from progressor dogs. In 3 regressor dogs that received a second transplant of CTVS, the mean concentration of circulating immune complex was significantly greater than the mean for progressor dogs. In progressor dogs, amounts of immune complexes decreased with increasing tumour volume. Following sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation analysis of sera from a normal and progressor dog, 27S complexes containing both IgG and IgM were detected in serum from a progressor dog. Thus, it appears that the conglutinin-binding assay is a useful and sensitive method for detecting immune complexes in canine serum. PMID- 3915751 TI - Systemic mycosis in Scottish red deer (Cervus elaphus). AB - The pathological features of 10 cases of systemic infection of young red deer by fungi morphologically identified as phycomycetes are described. The most frequently affected organs were the kidneys, followed by liver and central nervous system. The fungi stimulated an acute pyogenic inflammatory reaction and a phagocytic giant cell response. Vasculitis with thrombosis and spread of fungi to the surrounding tissue was a common finding. Culture was attempted in 4 cases; one yielded Absidia, 2 Aspergillus and the other an unidentified fungal growth. Analysis of the histories suggests that, in nine of the ten cases, stressful husbandry may have been a predisposing factor. PMID- 3915752 TI - Inhibition of the proteolytic contaminant in commercial xanthine oxidase preparations by serum protein fractions. AB - Commercial xanthine oxidase, widely used for generation of oxygen radicals in vitro, is usually contaminated by proteolytic activity, which limits its utility in studies of oxygen radical damage to protease sensitive substrates. An easily prepared fraction of fetal calf serum was found to inhibit virtually all of the proteolytic contaminant without affecting superoxide generation. The effects attainable with the "purified" enzyme were demonstrated with two protease sensitive targets: proteoglycan subunit from cartilage and fibronectin from human plasma. PMID- 3915753 TI - Calcium requirements and recommended dietary allowances. AB - Calcium plays an essential role in the regulation of many metabolic processes, in neuromuscular events and in bone health. A number of proteins exist that specifically bind calcium, and calcium markedly influences the activities of many enzymes involved in cellular metabolism and differentiation. Recommended dietary allowances or intakes for calcium vary two-fold, in nearly all age categories in various countries throughout the world. The recommended dietary intake in Japan for most ages is somewhat lower than that in the United States. Median intakes of calcium in the United States decrease after 10 to 20 years of age. Whereas the median calcium intake of adult men approximates the RDA in the United States, that of adult women is considerably lower. The absorption and excretion of calcium are markedly affected, both by physiological and by dietary factors. Calcium intakes required to provide a balanced state in adults vary four-fold, depending on age, sex, diet and hormonal status. Dairy products are the best dietary source of bioavailable calcium. Inasmuch as the median calcium intake of elderly women in the United States is only 60 percent of the RDA, and the same group is highly susceptible to osteoporosis, the calcium intake in this group should probably be increased. PMID- 3915754 TI - Changes of vitamin status and calcium metabolism in aging. PMID- 3915755 TI - The role of calcium in osteoporosis. PMID- 3915756 TI - The influence of activity on calcium metabolism. AB - Many studies and observations have shown the bone-losing effects of physical inactivity of various forms. Contrariwise, less precise studies and observations have supported the reasonable premise that mechanical loading of the skeleton via physical activity shifts the balance of bone remodeling in favor of bone formation, and appears to do so at all ages. Some interesting starts have been made in research to discover the mechanisms of the action on bone of mechanical loading, but many pathways remain to be explored. Besides the mechanical forces, we need to know more about the interrelations of muscle function, probably mediated through muscle-tendon pull on periosteum, and more about other likely influences, notably changes in circulation to bones. The practical significance relative to calcium metabolism and aging of what has been learned thus far on the effects of activity, is that prolonged inactivity, either in a chair or in bed, is to be avoided, because of its deleterious effects, and that reasonably energetic gravitational exercise, such as walking or possibly jogging, promotes maintenance of bone health. PMID- 3915757 TI - Effect of vitamin D metabolites on bone metabolism in a rat model of postmenopausal osteoporosis. AB - A rat model of postmenopausal osteoporosis was introduced, using ovariectomized rats on a low Ca diet. CT treatment of these animals for one month prevented the decrease in both mineral contents and physical properties of the femoral bone. Treatment of the animals with 1,25(OH)2D3 was effective in increasing bone mineral contents and maintaining positive mineral balance, but did not increase the physical tolerance of bones. In contrast, 24,25(OH)2D3 increased the breaking force of the femoral bone, with minimal effect on bone mineral contents and mineral balance. These results suggest that 1,25(OH)2D3 and 24,25(OH)2D3 act differently on the matrix phase and mineral phase of bones, but that they act together to maintain mineral balance and structural integrity of bones. The mechanism of how these vitamin D metabolites affect bone metabolism remain to be clarified. PMID- 3915758 TI - [Longitudinal study in 8 human subjects having various gingival inflammation indices]. PMID- 3915759 TI - [Periodontal requirements for semi-rigid clasps in cases of posterior edentulousness with removable partial dentures]. PMID- 3915760 TI - Plasma glucose and plasma insulin values during the 75 g glucose tolerance test (75 g GTT) in pregnancy. PMID- 3915761 TI - The influence of age on glucose tolerance during pregnancy. PMID- 3915762 TI - Glucose tolerance and plasma insulin levels during the last trimester of pregnancy. PMID- 3915763 TI - [The teratogenic and toxic effect of unsaturated short-chain fatty acids in Rhodnius prolixus]. AB - The teratogenic role of two short-chain unsaturated fatty acids, octinoic acid and undecylenic acid on the hemimetabolic metamorphosis of the insect Rhodnius prolixus (Hemipter) is studied. The acids penetrate through the cuticle of the abdomen and tarsi, independently of the amount of distention. The effects are registered equally in satiated or hungry insects, in those treated topically or in those where the treatment was applied to the support paper. The acids apparently do not affect the formation of the cuticle, melanization, nor the metamorphic process. The damage induced by these acids are manifested at random in the locomotor as well as the cephalic appendices, a displacement of the proboscide being observed as the dosage is increased. Octinoic acid acts as a teratogen at doses of undecylenic acid which are lethal for the insect. The malformations of the proboscide include the labium the most dramatically damaged, as well as other bucal appendages, separately or accompanying the damage to the labium. Damage in the locomotor appendages is frequently displaced to the second and third pair of legs, while the first pair is the least affected. PMID- 3915764 TI - [Mansonella ozzardi in the Federal Territory of Roraima, Brazil. Distribution and finding of a new vector in the area of Surumu River]. AB - A survey conducted among the Makuxi Indians from 15 settlements in the northeastern part of the Territory of Roraima, Brazil, revealed the occurrence of Mansonella ozzardi in 3,2% (21/652) of the persons examined. The absence of demonstrable infection--with one exception--in persons under 15 years of age, and the low microfilaria density in adults suggest that mansonelliasis has been acquired by the Makuxi Indians outside their villages. As many Indians from the region pan gold on the Upper Mau (Ireng) river--where black flies occur in great quantity--the mining camps are probably the sites of transmission. Experimental infection with M. ozzardi of Simulium oyapockense s.l. (or Simulium roraimense) showed that this species, at the least in the Surumu river area, is capable of supporting the full development of the microfilariae. Although S. oyapockense has a wide distribution in the extreme north of Brazil, it does not appear to be an efficient vector, since only 20,6% (19/92) of the specimens collected after a blood meal on a naturally infected Indian contained larval stages of M. ozzardi (with an average of 1-2 larvae per fly). The high prevalence rate of infection found, in a previous survey, among the Sanuma and Mayongong, two Indian groups living at the Auaris river area, on the other side of the Territory of Roraima, indicates that a more competent intermediate host should exist in that region. PMID- 3915765 TI - Efficacy of ivermectin against the bloodsucking insect, Rhodnius prolixus (Hemiptera, Triatominae). AB - Ivermectin (0.2 mg/kg body weight) caused a high mortality in nymphs and adults of Rhodnius prolixus following a single meal in mice sub-cutaneously injected with the drug. This effect was more evident in nymphs of 1st-and 2nd-instar than in older nymphs and adults. Third-instar nymphs presented a high mortality when fed on mice treated with ivermectin 24 and 48 hours previously, while mortality was significantly reduced in nymphs fed on mice treated 72 hours before. Surviving 3rd-instar nymphs did not molt. When adult females were fed once on mice treated for 24 hours with ivermectin there was a considerable reduction in egg production. This inhibition was not reversed by a second feeding on normal mice. We concluded that sub-lethal doses of ivermectin caused toxic effects interfering in the neuro-endocrine control of development and reproduction of this bloodsucking insect. PMID- 3915766 TI - The adventures of "In-I-Go" Jones. PMID- 3915767 TI - A history of forensic medicine. PMID- 3915768 TI - Identification and characterization of the centromere from chromosome XIV in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - A functional centromere located on a small DNA restriction fragment from Saccharomyces cerevisiae was identified as CEN14 by integrating centromere adjacent DNA plus the URA3 gene by homologous recombination into the yeast genome and then by localizing the URA3 gene to chromosome XIV by standard tetrad analysis. DNA sequence analysis revealed that CEN14 possesses sequences (elements I, II, and III) that are characteristic of other yeast centromeres. Mitotic and meiotic analyses indicated that the CEN14 function resides on a 259-base-pair (bp) RsaI-EcoRV restriction fragment, containing sequences that extend only 27 bp to the right of the element I to III region. In conjunction with previous findings on CEN3 and CEN11, these results indicate that the specific DNA sequences required in cis for yeast centromere function are contained within a region about 150 bp in length. PMID- 3915769 TI - Growth-dependent synthesis of c-myc-encoded proteins: early stimulation by serum factors in synchronized mouse 3T3 cells. AB - Synthesis of the c-myc gene product was measured during the entire cell cycle of subconfluent mouse 3T3 cells with an antibody raised against a human c-myc synthetic peptide. The antiserum recognized two mouse c-myc-encoded proteins with apparent molecular weights in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels of 62,000 and 60,000. Cell-derived p62 was compared with the mouse c-myc gene product synthesized in vitro. Immunoprecipitation, electrophoretic analyses, and peptide mapping provided evidence that p62 is encoded by the mouse c-myc gene. The rate of synthesis of the c-myc proteins was tightly coupled to the cellular growth state of nontransformed A31 3T3 cells, but not to that of their benzo(a)pyrene-transformed derivative (BPA31). Furthermore, the synthesis of the c-myc proteins was stimulated by the exposure of confluent, density-arrested A31 cells to platelet-derived growth factor or fibroblast growth factor. Tightly synchronized cell populations were obtained on the addition of serum factors to subconfluent, serum-deprived A31 cells, and c-myc expression could be monitored for more than one complete cell cycle. One hour after stimulation the steady state level of the 2.2 kilobase c-myc transcript increased 30-fold relative to that of quiescent cells and decreased thereafter to the level observed during exponential growth. The rate of synthesis of c-myc-encoded proteins was determined by immunoprecipitation after a 2-h labeling period. After an initial sevenfold increase detectable 2 h after serum addition, the rate of synthesis remained constant throughout the rest of the cell cycle. No further changes associated with the late prereplicative period, S phase, G2, or mitosis could be demonstrated. Pulse-chase and long-term labeling experiments revealed different half-lives for the two c-myc-encoded proteins. The half-lives of the c-myc proteins, however, were independent of the cellular growth state. The sustained expression observed throughout the cell cycle suggests that the growth-related function of c-myc may be required during the G0-G1 transition and in all phases of the cycle of the growing cell. PMID- 3915770 TI - General amino acid control and specific arginine repression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: physical study of the bifunctional regulatory region of the ARG3 gene. AB - To characterize further the regulatory mechanism modulating the expression of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae ARG3 gene, i.e., the specific repression by arginine and the general amino acid control, we analyzed by deletion the region upstream of that gene, determined the nucleotide sequence of operator-constitutive-like mutations affecting the specific regulation, and examined the behavior of an ARG3 galK fusion engineered at the initiating codon of ARG3. Similarly to what was observed in previous studies on the HIS3 and HIS4 genes, our data show that the general regulation acts as a positive control and that a sequence containing the nucleotide TGACTC, between positions -364 and -282 upstream of the transcription start, functions as a regulatory target site. This sequence contains the most proximal of the two TGACTC boxes identified in front of ARG3. While the general control appears to modulate transcription efficiency, the specific repression by arginine displays a posttranscriptional component (F. Messenguy and E. Dubois, Mol. Gen. Genet. 189:148-156, 1983). Our deletion and gene fusion analyses confirm that the specific and general controls operate independently of each other and assign the site responsible for arginine-specific repression to between positions -170 and +22. In keeping with this assignment, the two operator constitutive-like mutations were localized at positions -80 and -46, respectively, and thus in a region which is not transcribed. We discuss a hypothesis accounting for the involvement of untranscribed DNA in a posttranscriptional control. PMID- 3915771 TI - Binding of anti-Z-DNA antibodies in quiescent and activated lymphocytes: relationship to cell cycle progression and chromatin changes. AB - Although regions of DNA reacting with anti-Z-DNA antibodies have been identified in the polytene chromosomes of Drosophila spp. and the metaphase chromosomes from a number of different mammalian species, the biological role of this DNA is unknown. Flow cytometry was used in the present studies to quantitate the binding of anti-Z-DNA antibodies in quiescent and activated human peripheral blood lymphocytes; the antibody binding was then correlated with cell cycle phase. The data show that quiescent (G0 or G1Q) lymphocytes are heterogeneous with respect to their reaction with anti-Z-DNA antibodies. The transition from quiescence (G1Q) into the cell cycle (G1), which involves decondensation of chromatin, did not result in any significant change in binding of these antibodies. In contrast, progression of cells from G1 through S and G2 is correlated with a 27% decrease in anti-Z-DNA antibody reactivity relative to total DNA content. No significant change was observed during the transition from G2 to mitosis (M). PMID- 3915772 TI - Antibody of predetermined specificity to a carboxy-terminal region of H-ras gene products inhibits their guanine nucleotide-binding function. AB - The high prevalence of ras oncogenes in human tumors has given increasing impetus to efforts aimed at elucidating the structure and function of their p21 products. To identify functionally important domains of the p21 protein, antibodies were generated against synthetic peptides corresponding to various regions of the protein. Antibodies directed against a synthetic peptide fragment corresponding to amino acid residues 161 to 176 in the carboxy-terminal region of the H-ras encoded p21 molecule specifically recognized H-ras-encoded p21 proteins. This antibody was also shown to strikingly and specifically inhibit the guanine nucleotide-binding function of the p21 protein. The inability of p21 protein to bind guanine nucleotides was associated with a lack of autophosphorylation or GTPase activities. These studies suggest that a region toward its carboxy terminus is directly or indirectly involved in the guanine nucleotide-binding function of the p21 molecule. PMID- 3915773 TI - Diphtheria toxin-resistant mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - We developed a selection procedure based on the observation that diphtheria toxin kills spheroplasts of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Murakami et al., Mol. Cell. Biol. 2:588-592, 1982); this procedure yielded mutants resistant to the in vitro action of the toxin. Spheroplasts of mutagenized S. cerevisiae were transformed in the presence of diphtheria toxin, and the transformed survivors were screened in vitro for toxin-resistant elongation factor 2. Thirty-one haploid ADP ribosylation-negative mutants comprising five complementation groups were obtained by this procedure. The mutants grew normally and were stable to prolonged storage. Heterozygous diploids produced by mating wild-type sensitive cells with the mutants revealed that in each case the resistant phenotype was recessive to the sensitive phenotype. Sporulation of these diploids yielded tetrads in which the resistant phenotype segregated as a single Mendelian character. From these observations, we concluded that these mutants are defective in the enzymatic steps responsible for the posttranslational modification of elongation factor 2 which is necessary for recognition by diphtheria toxin. PMID- 3915774 TI - Pichia pastoris as a host system for transformations. AB - We developed a methylotrophic yeast, Pichia pastoris, as a host for DNA transformations. The system is based on an auxotrophic mutant host of P. pastoris which is defective in histidinol dehydrogenase. As a selectable marker, we isolated and characterized the P. pastoris HIS4 gene. Plasmid vectors which contained either the P. pastoris or the Saccharomyces cerevisiae HIS4 gene transformed the P. pastoris mutant host. DNA transfer was accomplished by a modified version of the spheroplast generation (CaCl2-polyethylene glycol)-fusion procedure developed for S. cerevisiae. In addition, we report the isolation and characterization of P. pastoris DNA fragments with autonomous replication sequence activity. Two fragments, PARS1 and PARS2, when present on plasmids increased transformation frequencies to 10(5)/micrograms and maintained the plasmids as autonomous elements in P. pastoris cells. PMID- 3915775 TI - Cloning and molecular analysis of the HAP2 locus: a global regulator of respiratory genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - We report here the cloning of the HAP2 gene, a locus required for the expression of many cytochromes and respiratory functions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The cloned sequences were found to direct integration of a marked vector to the chromosomal HAP2 locus, and derivatives of these sequences were shown to yield chromosomal disruptions with a Hap2- phenotype. The gene maps 18 centimorgans centromere proximal to ade5 on the left arm of chromosome VII, distinguishing it from any other previously characterized nuclear petite locus. The HAP2 locus encodes a 1.3-kilobase transcript which is present at extremely low levels and which is derepressed in cells grown in media containing nonfermentable carbon sources. Levels of HAP2 mRNA are not reduced in strains bearing a mutation at the HAP3 locus, which is also required for expression of respiratory functions. Models outlining possible interactions of the products of the HAP2 and HAP3 genes are presented. PMID- 3915776 TI - Effect of RP51 gene dosage alterations on ribosome synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - The Saccharomyces cerevisiae ribosomal protein rp51 is encoded by two interchangeable genes, RP51A and RP51B. We altered the RP51 gene dose by creating deletions of the RP51A or RP51B genes or both. Deletions of both genes led to spore inviability, indicating that rp51 is an essential ribosomal protein. From single deletion studies in haploid cells, we concluded that there was no intergenic dosage compensation at the level of mRNA abundance or mRNA utilization (translational efficiency), although phenotypic analysis had previously indicated a small compensation effect on growth rate. Similarly, deletions in diploid strains indicated that no strong mechanisms exist for intragenic dosage compensation; in all cases, a decreased dose of RP51 genes was characterized by a slow growth phenotype. A decreased dose of RP51 genes also led to insufficient amounts of 40S ribosomal subunits, as evidenced by a dramatic accumulation of excess 60S ribosomal subunits. We conclude that inhibition of 40S synthesis had little or no effect on the synthesis of the 60S subunit components. Addition of extra copies of rp51 genes led to extra rp51 protein synthesis. The additional rp51 protein was rapidly degraded. We propose that rp51 and perhaps many ribosomal proteins are normally oversynthesized, but the unassembled excess is degraded, and that the apparent compensation seen in haploids, i.e., the fact that the growth rate of mutant strains is less depressed than the actual reduction in mRNA, is a consequence of this excess which is spared from proteolysis under this circumstance. PMID- 3915777 TI - DNA precursor pools and ribonucleotide reductase activity: distribution between the nucleus and cytoplasm of mammalian cells. AB - Nuclear and whole-cell deoxynucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) pools were measured in HeLa cells at different densities and throughout the cell cycle of synchronized CHO cells. Nuclei were prepared by brief detergent (Nonidet P-40) treatment of subconfluent monolayers, a procedure that solubilizes plasma membranes but leaves nuclei intact and attached to the plastic substratum. Electron microscopic examination of monolayers treated with Nonidet P-40 revealed protruding nuclei surrounded by cytoskeletal remnants. Control experiments showed that nuclear dNTP pool sizes were stable during the time required for isolation, suggesting that redistribution of nucleotides during the isolation procedure was minimal. Examination of HeLa whole-cell and nuclear dNTP levels revealed that the nuclear proportion of each dNTP was distinct and remained constant as cell density increased. In synchronized CHO cells, all four dNTP whole-cell pools increased during S phase, with the dCTP pool size increasing most dramatically. The nuclear dCTP pool did not increase as much as the whole-cell dCTP pool during S phase, lowering the relative nuclear dCTP pool. Although the whole-cell dNTP pools decreased after 30 h of isoleucine deprivation, nuclear pools did not decrease proportionately. In summary, nuclear dNTP pools in synchronized CHO cells maintained a relatively constant concentration throughout the cell cycle in the face of larger fluctuations in whole-cell dNTP pools. Ribonucleotide reductase activity was measured in CHO cells throughout the cell cycle, and although there was a 10-fold increase in whole-cell activity during S phase, we detected no reductase in nuclear preparations at any point in the cell cycle. PMID- 3915778 TI - Mutations in cognate genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae hsp70 result in reduced growth rates at low temperatures. AB - Expression of two Saccharomyces cerevisiae genes (YG101 and YG103) that are related to the gene encoding inducible 70K protein (hsp70) is repressed upon heat shock. Mutations of the two genes were constructed in vitro and substituted into the yeast genome in place of the wild-type alleles. No phenotypic effect of single mutations of either gene was detected. However, cells containing both YG101 and YG103 mutations showed altered growth properties; double-mutation cells possess an optimal growth temperature of 37 degrees C rather than 30 degrees C and grow increasingly poorly as the temperature is lowered. Mutations of two other members of this hsp70-related multigene family, YG100 and YG102, have been analyzed (E. A. Craig and K. Jacobsen, Cell 38:841-849, 1984). Cells containing both YG100 and YG102 mutations cannot form colonies at 37 degrees C. Fusions between the YG101 and YG102 promoter regions and the YG100 and YG101 structural genes, respectively, were constructed. The YG101 promoter-YG100 structural gene fusion was not able to restore normal growth properties to the yg101- yg103- mutant. Also, yg100- yg102- cells containing the YG102 promoter-YG101 structural gene fusion were unable to grow at 37 degrees C. Failure of the protein products of related genes to rescue the relative cold sensitivity of growth suggests that members of the hsp70 multigene family are functionally distinct. PMID- 3915779 TI - Meiotic exchange within and between chromosomes requires a common Rec function in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - We used haploid yeast cells that express both the MATa and MAT alpha mating-type alleles and contain the spo13-1 mutation to characterize meiotic recombination within single, unpaired chromosomes in Rec+ and Rec- Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In Rec+ haploids, as in diploids, intrachromosomal recombination in the ribosomal DNA was detected in 2 to 6% of meiotic divisions, and most events were unequal reciprocal sister chromatid exchange (SCE). By contrast, intrachromosomal recombination between duplicated copies of the his4 locus occurred in approximately 30% of haploid meiotic divisions, a frequency much higher than that reported in diploids; only about one-half of the events were unequal reciprocal SCE. The spo11-1 mutation, which virtually eliminates meiotic exchange between homologs in diploid meiosis, reduced the frequency of intrachromosomal recombination in both the ribosomal DNA and the his4 duplication during meiosis by 10- to greater than 50-fold. This Rec- mutation affected all forms of recombination within chromosomes: unequal reciprocal SCE, reciprocal intrachromatid exchange, and gene conversion. Intrachromosomal recombination in spo11-1 haploids was restored by transformation with a plasmid containing the wild-type SPO11 gene. Mitotic intrachromosomal recombination frequencies were unaffected by spo11-1. This is the first demonstration of a gene product required for recombination between homologs as well as recombination within chromosomes during meiosis. PMID- 3915780 TI - Saccharomyces cerevisiae CYC1 mRNA 5'-end positioning: analysis by in vitro mutagenesis, using synthetic duplexes with random mismatch base pairs. AB - Expression of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae CYC1 gene produces mRNA with more than 20 different 5' ends. A derivative of the CYC1 gene (CYC1-157) was constructed with a deletion of a portion of the CYC1 5'-noncoding region, which includes the sites at which many of the CYC1 mRNAs 5' ends map. A 54-mer double-stranded oligonucleotide homologous with the deleted sequence of CYC1-157 and which included a low level of random base pair mismatches (an average of two mismatches per duplex) was used to construct mutants of the CYC1 gene and examine the role of the DNA sequence at and immediately adjacent to the mRNA 5' ends in specifying their locations. The effect of these mutations on the site selection of mRNA 5' ends was examined by primer extension. Results indicate that there is a strong preference for 5' ends which align with an A residue (T in the template DNA strand) preceded by a short tract of pyrimidine residues. PMID- 3915782 TI - Isolation of monoclonal antibodies specific for human c-myc proto-oncogene product. AB - Six monoclonal antibodies have been isolated from mice immunized with synthetic peptide immunogens whose sequences are derived from that of the human c-myc gene product. Five of these antibodies precipitate p62c-myc from human cells, and three of these five also recognize the mouse c-myc gene product. None of the antibodies sees the chicken p110gag-myc protein. All six antibodies recognize immunoblotted p62c-myc. These reagents also provide the basis for an immunoblotting assay by which to quantitate p62c-myc in cells. PMID- 3915781 TI - Characterization of the multigene family encoding the mouse S16 ribosomal protein: strategy for distinguishing an expressed gene from its processed pseudogene counterparts by an analysis of total genomic DNA. AB - Two genes from the family encoding mouse ribosomal protein S16 were cloned, sequenced, and analyzed. One gene was found to be a processed pseudogene, i.e., a nonfunctional gene presumably derived from an mRNA intermediate. The other S16 gene contained introns and had exonic sequences identical to those of a cloned S16 cDNA. The expression of this gene was demonstrated by Northern blot analysis of nuclear poly(A)+ RNA with cDNA and unique sequence intron probes. Each S16 intron contains a well-preserved remnant of the TACTAAC motif, which is ubiquitous in yeast introns and known to play a critical role in intron splicing. A sequence comparison with two other mouse ribosomal protein genes analyzed in our laboratory, L30 and L32, revealed common structural features which might be involved in the control and coordination of ribosomal protein gene expression. These include the lack of a canonical TATA box in the -20 to -30 region and a remarkably similar 12-nucleotide pyrimidine sequence (CTTCCYTYYTC) that spans the cap site and is flanked by C + G-rich sequences. The nature of the other members of the S16 family was evaluated by three types of experiment: a DNase I sensitivity analysis to measure the extent of chromatin condensation; an analysis of the thermal stability of cDNA-gene hybrids to estimate the extent of divergence of each gene sequence from that of the expressed gene; and a restriction fragment analysis which distinguishes intron-containing genes from intronless processed genes. The results of these analyses show that all genes except the expressed S16 gene are in a condensed chromatin configuration associated with transcriptional quiescence; that most of the genes within the S16 family have sequences greater than 7% divergent from the expressed S16 gene; and that at least 7 of the 10 S16 genes lack introns. We conclude that the ribosomal protein S16 multigene family contains one expressed intron-containing gene and nine inactive pseudogenes, most or all of which are of the processed type. PMID- 3915783 TI - Molecular cloning and characterization of the STE7 and STE11 genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, haploid cells occur in one of the two cell types, a or alpha. The allele present at the mating type (MAT) locus plays a prominent role in the control of cell type expression. An important consequence of the elaboration of cell type is the ability of cells of one mating type to conjugate with cells of the opposite mating type, resulting in yet a third cell type, an a/alpha diploid. Numerous genes that are involved in the expression of cell type and the conjugation process have been identified by standard genetic techniques. Molecular analysis has shown that expression of several of these genes is subject to control on the transcriptional level by the MAT locus. Two genes, STE7 and STE11, are required for mating in both haploid cell types; ste7 and ste11 mutants are sterile. We report here the molecular cloning of STE7 and STE11 genes and show that expression of these genes is not regulated transcriptionally by the MAT locus. We also have genetically mapped the STE11 gene to chromosome XII, 40 centimorgans from ura4. PMID- 3915784 TI - Expression of a cell surface immobilization antigen during serotype transformation in Tetrahymena thermophila. AB - A temperature shift from 40 to 28 degrees C rapidly induced expression of a specific immobilization antigen at the cell surface in Tetrahymena thermophila. This transformation was inhibited by actinomycin D and cycloheximide but not by colchicine or cytochalasin B. The major surface antigen expressed at 28 degrees C in cells homozygous for the SerH3 allele was partially purified, and an antiserum against this preparation was raised in rabbits. Electrophoresis, immunoblot, and [35S]methionine incorporation studies are reported which support the conclusion that the H3 antigen is an acidic protein with an Mr of approximately 52,000 daltons. An induced synthesis of the H3 immobilization antigen was detected within 30 min after a shift from 40 to 28 degrees C. This protein appeared to be synthesized in the microsomal fraction and transferred without cleavage to the cell surface, where it was inserted first into nonciliated regions. PMID- 3915785 TI - Regulation of repressible acid phosphatase gene transcription in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - We examined the genetic system responsible for transcriptional regulation of repressible acid phosphatase (APase; orthophosphoric-monoester phosphohydrolase [acid optimum, EC 3.1.3.2]) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae at the molecular level by analysis of previously isolated and genetically well-defined regulatory gene mutants known to affect APase expression. These mutants identify numerous positive- (PHO4, PHO2, PHO81) and negative-acting (PHO80, PHO85) regulatory loci dispersed throughout the yeast genome. We showed that the interplay of these positive and negative regulatory genes occurs before or during APase gene transcription and that their functions are all indispensible for normal regulation of mRNA synthesis. Biochemical evidence suggests that the regulatory gene products they encode are expressed constitutively. More detailed investigation of APase synthesis is a conditional PHO80(Ts) mutant indicated that neither PHO4 nor any other protein factor necessary for APase mRNA synthesis is transcriptionally regulated by PHO80. Moreover, in the absence of PHO80, the corepressor, presumed to be a metabolite of Pi, did not inhibit their function in the transcriptional activation of APase. PMID- 3915787 TI - History and research in child development. In celebration of the fiftieth anniversary of the Society. PMID- 3915786 TI - Homothallic switching of Saccharomyces cerevisiae mating type genes by using a donor containing a large internal deletion. AB - Homothallic switching of the mating type genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae occurs by a gene conversion event, replacing sequences at the expressed MAT locus with a DNA segment copied from one of two unexpressed loci, HML or HMR. The transposed Ya or Y alpha sequences are flanked by homologous regions that are believed to be essential for switching. We examined the transposition of a mating type gene (hmr alpha 1-delta 6) which contains a 150-base-pair deletion spanning the site where the HO endonuclease generates a double-stranded break in MAT that initiates the gene conversion event. Despite the fact that the ends of the cut MAT region no longer share homology with the donor hmr alpha 1-delta 6, switching of MATa or MAT alpha to mat alpha 1-delta 6 was efficient. However, there was a marked increase in the number of aberrant events, especially the formation of haploid inviable fusions between MAT and the hmr alpha 1-delta 6 donor locus. PMID- 3915788 TI - James Mark Baldwin on the origins of right- and left-handedness: the story of an experiment that mattered. PMID- 3915790 TI - Historical changes in the family and the life course: implications for child development. PMID- 3915789 TI - Secular trends in the study of Afro-American children: a review of Child Development, 1936-1980. PMID- 3915791 TI - "Fasting girls": reflections on writing the history of anorexia nervosa. PMID- 3915792 TI - Hyperphagia induced by 2-deoxy-D-glucose in the presence of the delta-opioid antagonist ICI 174,864. AB - The effect of the selective delta-opioid antagonist ICI 174,864 (N,N-bisallyl-Tyr Aib-Aib-Phe-Leu-OH: Aib=alpha-aminoisobutyric acid) on the hyperphagia induced by 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) was investigated in non-deprived rats. The increase in food intake produced by 2-DG (500 mg/kg i.p.) was not reduced by ICI 174,864 at a dose (3 micrograms/rat i.c.v.) which totally abolished the feeding response to the delta-agonist D-Ala2-D-Leu5-enkephalin (10 micrograms/rat i.c.v.). These findings suggest that the appetitive effects of 2-DG are not mediated by an enkephalinergic/delta-receptor system. They do not, however, preclude the possible involvement of endogenous opioids acting at other sub-types of opioid receptor in this glucoprivic ingestional response, which is suppressed by less specific opioid antagonists such as naloxone. PMID- 3915794 TI - [Supratentorial tumors in children under 2 years of age]. PMID- 3915793 TI - Immunohistochemical investigations of the influence of reserpine on the serotonin neuron system in the rat brain. AB - A peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunohistochemical method with serotonin antiserum was employed to investigate the influence of reserpine on serotonin neurons of rats which were sacrificed at various times after injection (10 mg/kg i.p.). The disappearance of serotonin immunoreactivity induced by reserpine was detected only in the perikarya after 15 min, and then rapidly proceeded to the terminals. Between 2 and 4 h, immunoreactivity completely disappeared throughout the brain. The immunoreactivity reappeared in the perikarya after 6 h, and progressed toward the terminals gradually. However, there was an obvious difference in the rate of recovery of immunoreactivity between areas. After 7 days, the immunoreactivity returned to control levels. PMID- 3915795 TI - [Evaluation of the usefulness of computerized tomography for the detection of neoplasm recurrence in the central nervous system in children]. PMID- 3915796 TI - [Juvenile idiopathic osteoporosis]. PMID- 3915797 TI - [Axial projections in the angiocardiography of congenital heart defects]. PMID- 3915798 TI - [Arteriovenous fistula between the external carotid artery and external jugular vein]. PMID- 3915799 TI - [Aortic coarctation in infants and neonates]. PMID- 3915800 TI - [Value of roentgenological diagnosis for the detection of foreign bodies in the trachea and bronchi in children]. PMID- 3915801 TI - [Double kidney--the radiological picture of 100 cases in children]. PMID- 3915802 TI - [Pediatric ultrasonography]. PMID- 3915803 TI - [Conventional radiology and new imaging technics]. PMID- 3915804 TI - [Academic radiology and the development of new methods of diagnostic imaging]. PMID- 3915805 TI - [Radiology before the III Congress of Polish Sciences]. PMID- 3915806 TI - [New imaging technics and the organization of the diagnostic procedures]. PMID- 3915807 TI - [Teaching current diagnostic organ-visualization methods to students and physicians]. PMID- 3915808 TI - [Experimental studies on the selection of the material for embolization of bronchial arteries]. PMID- 3915809 TI - [Arteriography of bronchial arteries and other systemic arteries in pulmonary hemorrhages]. PMID- 3915810 TI - [Radiological examination of the patello-femoral joint in the diagnosis and establishing the therapeutic tactics in chondromalacia of the patella]. PMID- 3915811 TI - [Value of isotope studies in the location of pheochromocytomas]. PMID- 3915812 TI - [Ultrasonic diagnosis of focal splenic diseases]. PMID- 3915813 TI - [Clinical use of a non-ionic contrast medium Iopamiro]. PMID- 3915814 TI - [Magnetic resonance (MR) in the imaging of internal organs]. PMID- 3915815 TI - Intracranial arachnoid cysts. PMID- 3915816 TI - Tuberous sclerosis: diagnostic and prognostic problems. PMID- 3915817 TI - Abdominal CSF pseudocyst. Clinical features and surgical management. AB - Twenty-six cases of abdominal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pseudocyst have been reviewed and the clinical features identified. Typical presentation includes abdominal pain and/or distention, with nausea or vomiting. Manifest shunt malfunction is not a prominent feature. Diagnosis can usually be confirmed by abdominal ultrasound and/or CT scan. No clear predisposing factors were identified, although a prior shunt infection was found in 62% of the patients. The number of previous shunt revisions ranged from 0 to 51 (average 11.2). This revision rate is significantly higher than in other groups of patients. CSF obtained at the time of surgery was infected 36% of the time. CSF appearance and laboratory value did not reliably indicate infection as a cause of the pseudocyst. Suggested surgical management consists of a contralateral ventriculoperitoneal shunt or a ventriculoatrial shunt. PMID- 3915818 TI - Cerebrospinal fluid pseudocysts: sonographic appearance and clinical management. AB - Eight patients with 10 intraperitoneal cerebrospinal fluid pseudocysts occurring as a complication of ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt procedure were reviewed to determine the sonographic characteristics as well as the etiologic basis for the pseudocysts. An additional 10 patients with VP shunts, being routinely evaluated for genitourinary tract abnormality, were reviewed to determine the sonographic characteristics and the amount of fluid present in the abdomen with a normally functioning VP shunt in place. We found that a small amount or no peritoneal fluid is found in the patient with a normally functioning VP shunt. Larger, localized, simple or loculated fluid collections are abnormal and compatible with pseudocyst formation. Debris was identified in the majority of the fluid collections. We believe that ultrasonography is the method of choice in evaluation of complications of the distal end of the VP shunt. Our series suggests that infection is the principle cause for pseudocyst development despite the frequent absence of systemic signs of infection. Appropriate treatment involves removal of the peritoneal catheter and treatment of the infection. The catheter may later be replaced intraperitoneally. PMID- 3915819 TI - Central nervous regulation of body temperature in vertebrates: comparative aspects. AB - Thermal fluctuations affect, and are responded to by, nearly all forms of life. The basic vertebrate template has guided and shaped the ways that animals in this subphylum cope with thermal challenges. This has led to a situation where there are major similarities in the neuronal mechanisms which sense temperature and control the responses to temperature change in all vertebrates, from fish to mammals. The PO/AH is the most important single integration site for temperature regulation and (except for birds) is also important in the sensing of core temperature. Other portions of the brainstem as well as the spinal cord are also involved in thermal control and can sense, integrate, and produce appropriate efferent signals to varying degrees. Peripheral thermal input to the hypothalamic areas is via the brainstem reticular areas. A number of studies has related the thermal response characteristics of CNS single neurons to the thermoregulatory output of intact animals. These studies have been performed on neurons in whole animal, brain slice, and tissue culture preparation. These neurophysiological studies of central neurons are informative, but are sometimes difficult to interpret because of the chronic lack of definite criteria to differentiate generalized thermal sensitivity from thermal sensitivity utilized for regulating body temperature. Recent neuroanatomical work has illustrated that many areas previously implicated in the thermoregulatory network (such as the septum, various hypothalamic nuclei, the midbrain reticular formation, and the midbrain raphe nuclei) receive direct projections from PO/AH neurons. When compared, the neurophysiological and neuroanatomical characteristics of the preoptic nucleus and anterior hypothalamic area are similar, but not identical. The broad differences in the responses that vertebrates utilize to deal with thermal change is largely determined by the respiratory medium (water or air) and whether metabolic energy (endothermy) or ambient temperature (ectothermy) is of primary importance in the determination of internal temperature. A number of physiological systems are perturbed in water breathing ectotherms when the ambient temperature is altered. In these vertebrates long-term acclimation is very important and has a major effect on temperature selection. Air breathing ectotherms are less adversely affected by temperature change; long-term thermal acclimation is less important and has little effect upon temperature selection; large thermal changes are often initiated by these animals. Endotherms rely on insulation and a high, variable metabolic rate to maintain a constant internal temperature.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3915821 TI - The hematology of hookworm disease. Contribution of Bailey K. Ashford. PMID- 3915820 TI - Changes in deoxynucleoside triphosphate pools induced by inhibitors and modulators of ribonucleotide reductase. AB - Changes in dNTP pools have been studied by a number of investigators, in a wide range of cell types. The in vitro pertubations in dNTP pool levels induced, in particular, by deoxynucleosides which act as allosteric modulators, are not totally consistent with current 'in vitro models' of ribonucleotide reductase function. This problem has also been addressed by Henderson et al. (1980) who stress the profusion of such models. Possible explanations, apart from the technical problems of the range of different experimental conditions (e.g. concentration of modulator used, time of incubation, etc.) for the various cell lines include: Modulators presumably have unpredictable 'network' effects by inhibiting or stimulating many other enzymes involved in the de novo and salvage synthesis of purines and pyrimidines. It is possible there are two separate forms of ribonucleotide reductase, one specifically reducing CDP/UDP, the other ADP/GDP. This, in particular, would explain the lack of decrease in dCTP levels after elevation of the dATP pool. There may be variations in ribonucleotide function which in vivo are cell specific, e.g. in thymic-derived compared with non-T-cell types. Peculiarities of T-cells include: Their ability to elevate their dNTP pools on exposure to very low exogenous concentration of deoxynucleoside. This may reflect very low rates of dNTP catabolism. The biological response of T-cells to elevation of the dATP or dGTP pool is reflected by a G1 block compared to an S phase block in cell-cycle progression in non-T cell lines. The possibility that, in thymic cells, ribonucleotide reduction is restricted to ADP/GDP while pyrimidine dNTPs are synthesized by salvage pathways. As well, possible variation in the pool localization of dNTPs depending on production by either de novo or salvage synthesis could produce dNTP pool changes not clearly in accord with in vitro models. Clearly, the solution to these problems (although not easy) requires systematic comparative study, using cells of various origin (particularly T vs non-T), of dNTP pool responses to deoxynucleoside modulators, with an attempt to explore the factors described above. However, in the detailed pursuit of such an analysis the concept, that these variations in the control of nucleotide metabolism in T and non-T-cell systems may reflect quite significant differences in growth control and cell cycle progression, should not be lost. PMID- 3915822 TI - [Group B streptococci in women admitted to the obstetric and gynecologic division of the hospital of Pistoia, for imminent parturition]. AB - The infections caused by Group B Streptococci (GBS) are particularly serious in newborns. Colonized mothers are responsible for the infection's transmission at delivery. The aim of our work has been to estimate the number of carriers of GBS among women recovered at the Hospital of Pistoia. PMID- 3915823 TI - [Separation and purification of Treponema pallidum by density gradient. Technical note]. AB - The reported possibility of obtaining purified suspension of Treponema pallidum through a Percoll density gradient is evaluated. The maintenance of motility and antigenicity of the purified T. pallidum allows further studies on antigenic structure of treponemes. PMID- 3915824 TI - [Urinary microbial load evaluation: comparison of an agar-colony count method and a colorimetric method]. AB - The quantity of bacteria of 500 urocultures was analyzed in the Laboratory of Clinical Pathology of the "Regina Elena" Institute of Rome (Italy). These evaluations were carried out both by the classic agar colony-count method (CC) and by a new colorimetric system (Dye test, Dt), recently introduced on the market. Using the CC system, 142 (28.6%) positive and 358 (71.8%) negative samples were found, considering the usual 100,000 CFU/ml to be the limit. The results of the colorimetric test were read on a graduated scale of red color. By means of a concordance analysis, a correct relationship between the color grade and the positivity of the samples was established. For this equivalence a more intense color than that suggested by the manufacturer was found. Furthermore an 89.7% rate of concordant and a 10.2% of discordant results were observed. These latter may be divided into two fractions: the first (4.6%) was Dt-positive and CC negative (these samples are characterized by the presence of residual antibiotics in 78.3% of the cases); the second fraction (5.6%) was Dt-negative and CC positive (characterized by a 67.9% of Pseudomonas sp. isolation frequency). PMID- 3915826 TI - Drug interactions in the gut involving metal ions. PMID- 3915825 TI - The application of monoclonal antibodies for studies on cytochrome P-450. PMID- 3915827 TI - Arsenic exposure: health effects and the risk of cancer. PMID- 3915828 TI - The hazards of mercury in dentistry. PMID- 3915829 TI - Effect of heavy metals on fish--a review. AB - Heavy metals are being utilized in a variety of ways in industries, agriculture, food processing and household in many forms. Metals are unique environmental and industrial pollutants in the sense that they are neither created nor destroyed by human beings but are only transported and transformed into various products. The present communication deals with the findings of various investigators on the effect of heavy metals on fresh water fish. PMID- 3915830 TI - Mercury-induced autoimmune glomerulonephritis in inbred rats. II. Immunohistopathology, histopathology and effects of prostaglandin administration. AB - The repeated administration of mercuric chloride to BN rats induces the production of anti-GBM. In the present paper, we describe the immunohistopathology and histopathology of the kidneys from mercuricchloride treated rats. Direct immunofluorescence demonstrated bright linear deposits of immunoglobulins at the level of the GBM of the kidney. Light microscopy failed to reveal substantial glomerular changes, but electron microscopy demonstrated a spectrum of ultrastructural alterations of the glomeruli (including the detachment of endothelial cells from the GBM and the presence of electron-opaque deposits). In the aggregate, these findings are suggestive of membranous glomerulonephritis. We also investigated whether treatment with low doses of PG had any effect on the course of this experimental model of autoimmune renal disease. Two groups of mercuric-chloride-treated BN rats received different doses of DMPGE2. This resulted in significantly lower levels of circulating autoantibodies to the GBM, as well as a decrease in the amounts of rat immunoglobulins bound to the kidneys and an increase in proteinuria. On the other hand, there were no major differences in renal histopathology between rats treated with DMPGE2 and controls. PMID- 3915831 TI - History of a study on insulin, a pancreatic hormone, by a team headed by late professor Taizo Kumagai. PMID- 3915832 TI - Immunomodulation by adriamycin. PMID- 3915833 TI - Principia of cancer therapy. IX. Categorization, symbolization and consecutive integration of principles of cancer radiotherapy. PMID- 3915834 TI - Together, in the name of life and victory. PMID- 3915835 TI - [Bone reconstruction of mandibular defects with and without continuity defects]. PMID- 3915836 TI - [Reconstruction of mandibular atrophy with bone transplantation]. PMID- 3915837 TI - Embedding method for electron microscopy in biology. AB - Transmission electron microscopes were commercially available in some foreign countries in the later 1930s. Sectioning for light microscopy was used for electron microscopic observations of the internal structure of cells and tissues in the early days. Paraffin waxes were tested as embedding media, but they were too soft to enable thin sections. Pease and Baker (1948) (74) achieved an early success with the double-embedding method using the plastic "Parlodion" and paraffin wax. PMID- 3915838 TI - The in vivo role of murine natural killer cells in the development of B cell lineage in bone marrow. AB - Physiological functions of natural killer (NK) cells in the development of bone marrow cells into the cells expressing B cell characteristics were examined in recipient mice expressing different allotype immunoglobulins (Ig) or in mutants defective in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) response. When the irradiated BALB/c nude mice (Igha) were injected with bone marrow cells of C57BL/6N (B6,Ighb), the level of donor-type serum Ig (Ighb) was about 10 fold higher in the mice with NK activity depleted by injecting anti-asialo GM1 compared to that of mice with the normal NK activity on day 21 after bone marrow transplantation. In the irradiated C3H/HeJ (low responder) which received bone marrow cells of C3H/HeN (high responder), augmentation of polyclonal antibody response and of the cell proliferation with LPS was demonstrated in the NK depleted mice. However, the difference in the level of donor-type Ig or LPS response between the NK-depleted and intact mice disappeared in 3 to 4 weeks. In normal mice without irradiation and marrow cell transplantation, NK cell elimination from spleen cells did not give rise to distinctly enhanced responses to in vitro LPS stimulation, whereas mice with augmented NK activity by poly I:C demonstrated a suppressed response to LPS when the mice were immunized with LPS. Collectively, these observations suggested that NK cells are involved in the suppressive regulation of developing B cell lineage as well as activated B cells in vivo. PMID- 3915839 TI - Effects of androgenic steroids on erythropoiesis. PMID- 3915840 TI - Health care for the poor. PMID- 3915841 TI - Adult minimal change nephropathy: experience of the collaborative study of glomerular disease. PMID- 3915842 TI - The dangers of dress: medical hazards in fashion and fads. PMID- 3915843 TI - Viral hepatitis: dogmatism revisited. PMID- 3915845 TI - Partial characterization of subtilisin isoinhibitors from chick peas (Cicer arietinum). PMID- 3915844 TI - Hemopoietic growth factor production by a marrow adherent cell line. PMID- 3915846 TI - [Prevalence of group A beta hemolytic streptococci in a healthy school population of Barquisimeto 1981-1983]. PMID- 3915847 TI - Escherichia coli, strain H10407 (serotype 078:H11) carries genetical determinants for microcin production. PMID- 3915848 TI - Wandering of a black sheep. PMID- 3915849 TI - The significance of Van Limborgh's approach to craniofacial biology. PMID- 3915850 TI - Morphogenesis of the skull. Proceedings of a symposium, held in memory of Prof. J. van Limborgh. Amsterdam (The Netherlands), February 25, 1985. PMID- 3915851 TI - [Developing facial hyperdivergence in rhinopharyngeal insufficiency. Pathogenesis and therapeutic protocol]. PMID- 3915852 TI - [Fungicidal activity against Candida albicans of 2 oral antiseptics]. PMID- 3915853 TI - [Magnetic retention of dental and maxillofacial prostheses]. PMID- 3915854 TI - [The scanning electron microscope in dental research: principles and preparation technics]. PMID- 3915856 TI - [Current status of transplant of the pancreas]. PMID- 3915855 TI - [Asymptomatic cholelithiasis in patients with digestive neoplasms: an epidemiologic study]. PMID- 3915857 TI - [Theories of biological similarities: 30 years of trial and error]. PMID- 3915858 TI - Role of the dianionic form of the GTP gamma-phosphate in the polymerization process of tubulin. AB - To determine whether tubulin polymerization requires the bivalent metal-GTP complex with the gamma-phosphate in the dianionic form, the effect of GTP(gamma F) on the polymerization process was studied, in the presence of either magnesium or manganese. P3-fluoro P1-5'-guanosine triphosphate (GTP(gamma F)) was a competitive inhibitor (Ki = 1.8 X 10(-4) M) of the GTPase activity of tubulin colchicine complex, stopped the polymerization process during the course of reaction and no depolymerization occurred. This indicates that GTP(gamma F) has access only to the nucleotide exchangeable site of the free tubulin dimer. Tubulin has one mole of magnesium tightly bound per mole of dimer. In order to know whether the inhibitory effect of GTP(gamma F) was due to the release of the metal, magnesium was replaced for manganese (a paramagnetic ion) and the paramagnetic effect of manganese on the fluorine NMR signal from the GTP(gamma F) tubulin-metal complex was followed. Longitudinal and transversal relaxation rates measurements of the 1 degree F-NMR signal allowed to determine that the upper distance from the manganese site to the fluorine atom was between 6 and 8 A. These studies demonstrate that the dianionic form of the terminal phosphate of the metal-GTP complex, at the nucleotide exchangeable site, is essential to stimulate tubulin polymerization. PMID- 3915859 TI - Immunostimulative action of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Klebsiella pneumoniae subcellular fractions. I. Determination of "in vivo" toxicity and of some non specific immunostimulative properties. PMID- 3915860 TI - [Acute hemodynamic effect of verapamil, used intravenously, in patients with primary dilated cardiomyopathy]. PMID- 3915861 TI - [Determination of EVI antibodies in chronic Chagas' cardiopathy]. PMID- 3915862 TI - [Myocardial revascularization in patients with renal transplantation. Report of 2 cases]. PMID- 3915863 TI - Intraoperative ultrasound during carotid artery surgery. AB - Intraoperative B-mode ultrasound (OPUS) has been used to scan 155 carotid bifurcations during endarterectomy. Intimal flaps, residual plaque and suture line stenosis were detected by this method. Most defects were found in the external carotid artery (11%) and the importance of adequately clearing this vessel is stressed. The internal carotid artery had defects in 8% of cases, most of which were of a minor nature (less than 30% encroachment on luminal diameter). The presence of minor technical defects at operation was not significantly associated with the development of postoperative bruits or restenosis. Major defects were corrected at the time of surgery. OPUS is a useful adjunct in ensuring a technically satisfactory endarterectomy. PMID- 3915864 TI - Effects of verapamil in the prevention of warm ischaemia induced acute renal failure in dogs. AB - Acute renal failure in the immediate postoperative period remains a significant complication of renal transplantation. A major factor in the pathogenesis may be warm ischaemia (WI). Recent evidence implicates a calcium mediated mechanism as a final common pathway in certain models of acute renal failure. This study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of Verapamil, a calcium antagonist, in the prevention of warm ischaemia-induced acute renal failure following renal autotransplantation in the dog. Twenty-one mongrel dogs were randomly allocated to three groups. Group 1 (control, 8 dogs) received 20 ml normal saline before a standardized 60 min warm ischaemic insult to the left kidney. Group 2 (6 dogs) received Verapamil (0.3 mg/kg) by intravenous injection and Group 3 (7 dogs) received Verapamil (0.3 mg/kg) by intra-arterial injection into the left renal artery prior to the same ischaemic insult. The left kidney was heterotopically grafted to the right iliac fossa in the warm ischaemic period. Contralateral nephrectomy was performed. The dogs were followed up to 7 days after operation by serial creatinine estimation. Histological examination of some autografts was performed. Of the eight controls, six showed marked renal impairment (serum creatinine greater than 800, or death in renal failure). Three of the six dogs given intravenous Verapamil showed marked renal impairment. None of the seven dogs receiving intra-arterial Verapamil showed marked renal impairment (P = 0.013, chi 2 test). The mean rate of serum creatinine rise for each group was analysed by multivariate analyses of variance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3915865 TI - Abdominal wound closure comparing the proximate stapler with sutures. AB - Proximate staple closure of transverse and vertical abdominal wounds is compared with suture closure in a prospective, blind, randomized trial. Fifty-seven wounds were randomly allocated to 3/0 Prolene or Proximate staple closure. Each wound was photographed after removal of staples or sutures and again in the sixth postoperative week. The photographic slides were independently assessed by eight observers, who graded the cosmetic result of each wound on a scale from 1 to 10. The cosmetic score in transverse wounds closed with sub-cuticular sutures was better than with staples. Cosmetic scores in vertical wounds were almost equal for staples and sutures. Staple closure was faster than suture closure. Proximate staple closure is considered a suitable and faster method for vertical abdominal wounds. PMID- 3915866 TI - Non-invasive tests for carotid artery disease. PMID- 3915867 TI - Integral membrane protein translocations in the mechanism of insulin action. AB - The subcellular distributions of insulin and insulin-like growth factor type II (IGF-II) receptors, and glucose transporters, have been examined in basal and insulin-stimulated rat adipose cells. Plasma membranes (PM), high-density microsomes (HDM) and low-density microsomes (LDM) were prepared by differential ultracentrifugation. Insulin receptors were quantified by 125I-insulin binding or lactoperoxidase 125I-iodination and immunoprecipitation, IGF-II receptors by 125I IGF-II binding, and glucose transporters by specific D-glucose-inhibitable [3H]cytochalasin B binding. In the basal state, more than 90% of the cells' insulin receptors are localized to PM, and approximately 90% of the cells' glucose transporters and IGF-II receptors are associated with LDM. In the maximally insulin-stimulated state, the number of insulin receptors in PM is decreased by approximately 30%, of which approximately half are recovered in LDM and the remainder in HDM in an inverted configuration. Concomitantly, the numbers of glucose transporters and IGF-II receptors in LDM are decreased by approximately 60% and approximately 22%, respectively, with stoichiometric numbers appearing in PM. All three redistribution processes are rapid (t1(2) = 2 3 min), achieving new steady states in 5-10 min. The redistributions of glucose transporters and IGF-II receptors are half-maximal at approximately 0.1 nM insulin, whereas insulin receptor redistribution correlates with receptor occupancy (1/2max approximately equal to 3 nM). Thus, insulin stimulates the rapid and simultaneous subcellular translocations of its own receptors and, in the opposite direction, IGF-II receptors and glucose transporters. PMID- 3915868 TI - Secondary active nutrient transport in membrane vesicles: theoretical basis for use of isotope exchange at equilibrium and contributions to transport mechanisms. AB - A detailed and quantitative analysis of secondary active transport mechanisms in membrane vesicles is complicated by heterogeneity of the vesicles. Functional heterogeneity can be demonstrated by the time-dependence of isotope exchange of any solute at equilibrium. The need for more than one rate constant in the fit proves functional heterogeneity. To treat the heterogeneity quantitatively, it is suggested to subject entire time curves of exchange to inverse Laplace transformations that yield the corresponding distribution of rate constants. The computer program CONTIN by Provencher (1982a, b, c) can be used to carry out such a transformation. The distribution of rate constants under a particular set of conditions can be used to calculate a highly reliable initial rate. In addition, for spherical vesicles a mean, surface area-averaged permeability constant can be calculated if the size distribution of the vesicle population is known by other measurements and this size distribution is independent of the permeability distribution. Kinetic measurements under equilibrium conditions on the rabbit intestinal Na-glucose transporter indicate (using Cleland's nomenclature) an ordered iso-bi-bi mechanism with glide symmetry for substrate and co-substrate binding to the transporter at one interface and release at the other (first-in first-out) (Hopfer & Groseclose, 1980). The kinetics are consistent with a gated pore mechanism of coupled Na-glucose cotransport. A similar mechanism seems to hold for renal Na-lactate cotransport (Mengual et al., 1983). PMID- 3915869 TI - Entry mechanisms of protein toxins and picornaviruses. AB - The mode of entry into cells of a number of protein toxins with intracellular sites of action and of three picornaviruses is discussed. Of the different toxins in this group, diphtheria toxin has been most thoroughly studied with respect to its uptake mechanism. This toxin binds to cell surface receptors which are possibly part of the major anion-transport system in the cells. The bound toxin is then endocytosed and, when the pH drops below pH 5, a normally hidden hydrophobic domain is exposed and inserted into the membrane. By a process which, in addition to low pH, requires chloride transport and a proton gradient across the membrane, the toxin A fragment is translocated to the cytosol. When diphtheria toxin is bound at the cell surface, rapid entry through the surface membrane can be induced by treatment with low pH. Modeccin and Pseudomonas exotoxin A also require low pH for entry, but low pH is not able to induce rapid entry of these toxins from the cell surface. Another group of toxins, abrin, ricin and viscumin, is characterized by the fact that low pH in the medium prevents the toxins from entering the cytosol, but not from entering endocytic vesicles. However, when the pH is subsequently returned to neutrality the endocytosed toxins are able to enter the cytosol. In the picornaviruses the entry of a single hydrophilic macromolecule per cell is also sufficient to induce maximal biological effect. Poliovirus, like diphtheria toxin, appears to enter the cytosol from an acidic intracellular compartment which may be the endosome. Also human rhinovirus 2 requires low pH for entry, whereas encephalomyocarditis virus does not enter at low pH. The similarities and differences between the uptake mechanisms of toxins and viruses are discussed. PMID- 3915870 TI - [Transport of immunoglobulins in the gingival epithelium. I. In diphenylhydantoin induced hyperplasia]. PMID- 3915871 TI - The overbridge: an alternate treatment. PMID- 3915872 TI - [Adaptation of 6 different composite filling materials to the enamel margins of cavities]. PMID- 3915873 TI - Microencapsulation and controlled release of insulin from polylactic acid microcapsules. AB - Insulin has been encapsulated in biodegradable polylactic acid microcapsules and non-biodegradable ethylcellulose microcapsules by using an emulsification-solvent evaporation process. Gelatin and polyvinylalcohol were used as protective colloids. The concentrations and types of protective colloids affecting the micromeritic properties and release behavior of insulin microcapsules were studied. The higher the concentration of protective colloids the smaller the particle size of microcapsules. The median diameter of microcapsules decreased with the increase of the viscosity of protective colloids. Scanning electron microscopic observations suggested that microcapsules prepared from higher concentrations of polyvinylalcohol solution resulted in a nonporous and compact surface on the microcapsules, compared to the porous microcapsules prepared from gelatin solution. The residual crystals and porous structure of microcapsules affected the release rate of microcapsules. After the initial burst effect the release rate of insulin from microcapsules was found to be constant, so that prolonged release was obtainable. Three percent of polyvinylalcohol was the best choice for the preparation of polylactic acid microcapsules. PMID- 3915874 TI - Immunoregulatory properties of some heavy metals in physiology and pathology conditions. Part I. AB - The paper presents literature review dealing with the role of some trace metals in immunological processes of the body. The author took into consideration iron, zinc, magnesium, selenium, lithium and vanadium. They take part in the control of immunity processes nonspecifically potentializing the immunological response of modifying it in the presence of mitogens and antigens. The place where this interaction probably undergoes are the membrane receptors of lymphocytes and macrophages for mito- and antigens. The trace metals seem to control and reproduce their activity, taking part in the transport through the membranes of immunologically competent cells. PMID- 3915875 TI - Immunoregulatory properties of some heavy metals in physiology and pathology conditions. Part II. AB - The author carried out literature review concerning the effect of toxic metals as lead, cadmium, mercury, chromium, nickel, cobalt, tin and beryllium on immunological system of the body. Immunomodifying role of those metals concerned both the antigen preformation phase and multiplication of competent cells, and effector phase of lymphokins or antibody production. The most known so far is the effect of metal ions on the biological affinity, activity and reproduction of specific lymphocyte membrane receptors in the presence of mitogens. This disturbs the function of individuals lines and populations of the lymphoid system cells and their efficient cooperation, in consequence leading to the suppression of the full immunological response. PMID- 3915876 TI - [Homage to M.M.G. Shepherd]. PMID- 3915877 TI - [Withering in 1985]. PMID- 3915878 TI - Expectations and limitations of endomyocardial biopsy. AB - Endomyocardial biopsy represents an attempt at applying tissue examination to the diagnosis of primary myocardial disease. The right ventricular septum is biopsied from either the internal jugular or femoral venous approach. Left ventricular endomyocardial biopsy has not gained widespread acceptance in North America. A complication rate of 1-4% has been reported. Clinical indications for endomyocardial biopsy include acute cardiac allograft rejection, adriamycin cardiotoxicity and the differentiation of restrictive myopathy from constrictive pericardial disease. The biopsy of patients with idiopathic dilated congestive myopathy to find a treatable form of myocarditis remains controversial and principally a research tool. Only 5-25% of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy are found to have myocarditis and immunosuppressive therapy in these patients has yet to be proven beneficial. PMID- 3915879 TI - Educational opportunities. PMID- 3915880 TI - [Suspension of the ciliary body. Surgical treatment of cyclodialysis]. PMID- 3915881 TI - [Controlled clinical study of Novodil in the treatment of senile macular lesions]. PMID- 3915882 TI - [Orbital localizations disclosing hematologic disease: discussion apropos of 4 cases]. PMID- 3915883 TI - Ro 12-0068 (tenoxicam) in the treatment of extra-articular inflammatory processes. AB - Tenoxicam is a thienothiazine derivative with anti-inflammatory properties. Due to its long half-life (40-90 hours) the drug can be administered once daily. One hundred patients with tendinitis or bursitis were allocated in a double-blind study comparing 20 mg of tenoxicam to 20 mg of piroxicam. Both drugs were administered once daily for a period of 15 days. Clinical evaluations were performed before, on the third and seventh days of therapy and after treatment. The parameters evaluated were: spontaneous pain, tenderness, pain on movement, swelling and functional limitation. Laboratory examinations were performed prior to and at the end of the therapy. Efficacy was considered excellent or good in 42 patients of each group, moderate in six treated with tenoxicam and in four with piroxicam and poor in two with tenoxicam and four with piroxicam. Statistical evaluation was based on the Wilcoxon and U-test. No significant differences were observed between the groups. Nausea of mild intensity occurred in four cases of the tenoxicam group and in one of the piroxicam group. PMID- 3915884 TI - A comparison of tenoxicam and piroxicam in a long-term clinical study in patients with osteoarthritis of hip or knee joints. PMID- 3915885 TI - Clinical evaluation of tenoxicam in osteoarthrosis, rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. AB - A series of double-blind, parallel, clinical trials was carried out to assess the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of tenoxicam and to compare the efficacy and tolerance of this compound with those of piroxicam in patients suffering from osteoarthrosis, rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. In equivalent once-daily dosage (20 mg), tenoxicam was found to be at least as effective as piroxicam in combating the symptoms of the above arthritic disorders and, even in relatively high dosages of 30 and 40 mg exhibited excellent tolerance, producing fewer adverse reactions than piroxicam. It is concluded that tenoxicam represents a valuable addition to the spectrum of anti-inflammatory agents. PMID- 3915887 TI - Tenoxicam in the treatment of osteoarthrosis. AB - The efficacy and tolerability of tenoxicam, given as a 20 mg tablet once daily for 24 months, were studied in two groups of patients. Group I (N = 29) with gonarthrosis and coxarthrosis, and Group II (N = 30) with lumbarthrosis. Parameters of pain were measured at each monthly and subsequent two-monthly consultations. In Group I, there was improvement in all parameters, especially nocturnal and end-of-day pain, and after 24 months pain had diminished in 82% of patients. Group II also showed improvement in all parameters, especially nocturnal pain and pain on waking, and although no patient's symptoms completely disappeared, 90% showed a clinical effect. Few side effects were observed; seven patients discontinued therapy for reasons unconnected with tenoxicam. Tenoxicam is well-suited to the long-term treatment of these degenerative diseases. The dose was sufficient to produce a beneficial effect in most cases, and even higher doses did not produce side effects. PMID- 3915886 TI - Long-term study with Ro 12-0068 (tenoxicam) in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Thirty patients were allocated in a double-blind study comparing piroxicam 20 mg to tenoxicam 20 mg. Both drugs were administered once daily, before breakfast, for a period of 6 months. Clinical evaluations were performed weekly during the first 6 weeks and then monthly. The following parameters were evaluated: Ritchie articular index, pain on movement, pain at rest, grip strength, functional status, and morning stiffness. Laboratory examinations were performed before, on the 42nd day and on the 6th month of therapy. Efficacy was considered favourable in 10 cases treated with tenoxicam and in 12 with piroxicam and poor in five treated with the former and in three with piroxicam. Three patients of each group presented side effects of slight intensity. Considering the good results seen in the patients receiving tenoxicam, the treatment was maintained in nine cases for a further period of 6 months. Eleven other patients from the piroxicam group also received tenoxicam for a further period of 6 months. The efficacy was maintained in all 20 patients. Regarding adverse reactions, one patient complained of abdominal pain in the twelfth month of therapy and another patient had a brief episode of meteorism in the ninth month. PMID- 3915888 TI - A double-blind parallel study of tenoxicam and piroxicam in patients with osteoarthrosis. AB - Tenoxicam (TILCOTIL, MOBIFLEX) 40 mg/day has been compared to piroxicam 40 mg/day in a double-blind, parallel group study of 4 weeks duration in 30 patients with osteoarthrosis. Both drugs were well tolerated, tenoxicam slightly better than piroxicam. Both drugs improved general pain, improvement being greater with tenoxicam. Little improvement of other symptoms was seen with either treatment. At the end of the study, 12 tenoxicam-treated patients and seven piroxicam treated patients elected to remain on their respective treatment. PMID- 3915890 TI - Index of biochemical reviews 1984. PMID- 3915889 TI - Rectal administration of tenoxicam for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and arthrosis. AB - Seventy-nine patients with arthrosis (40) or rheumatoid arthritis (39) were included in an open, non-comparative multicentric study. All the patients were treated by rectal route with a suppository form of tenoxicam (20 mg/day) during 6 weeks (in the first 3 days the dose was increased to 40 mg). The drug was administered once daily at evening. Clinical evaluation was performed before treatment and thereafter every 2 weeks. In the patients with arthrosis the parameters evaluated for efficacy were: pain on movement, pain at rest, tenderness, spontaneous pain, pain after 1 day of normal activity, flexion, functional status, and time to walk 10 metres. For patients with rheumatoid arthritis the parameters were: articular index, duration of morning stiffness, functional status, spontaneous pain and pain when moving. Efficacy was considered excellent or good in 22 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and moderate or poor in 17. In the group of patients with arthrosis the results were excellent or good in 28 and moderate or poor in 12. Side effects occurred in five cases. PMID- 3915891 TI - [Dental abrasion and prosthodontic treatment. 1. Etiology, problems, therapy]. PMID- 3915892 TI - [Silicones. Impression technics]. PMID- 3915893 TI - [Problems of removable partial dentures due to incorrect fabrication of the metal frameworks in the dental laboratory]. PMID- 3915894 TI - [Occlusion rims formed according to anatomical landmarks of the jaws in complete denture construction]. PMID- 3915895 TI - [Degree of polymerization of complete dentures. Effect of their shape and position in the flask]. PMID- 3915896 TI - [The pathogenesis of odontogenic cysts]. PMID- 3915897 TI - [The hygiene of the pontics of fixed partial dentures as a determining factor in the periodontal status of abutment teeth]. PMID- 3915898 TI - Endowed chairs in nursing: state of the art. PMID- 3915899 TI - [Special issue dedicated to Dr. Alfredo Lanari]. PMID- 3915900 TI - [Insulin portable pump vs. intensified conventional injections in diabetes]. PMID- 3915901 TI - [Development of sodium dependence in the prolonged treatment of essential hypertension with propranolol]. PMID- 3915902 TI - [Renal graft, liver disease and acute abdomen]. PMID- 3915903 TI - [Various considerations on the subject of implantology]. PMID- 3915905 TI - Academic enhancement of nursing education in Nigeria. PMID- 3915906 TI - [Tissue reaction to cotton and silk suture materials, comparative study in rats]. PMID- 3915907 TI - [Historical research as a need in nursing]. PMID- 3915908 TI - [The phenomenon of social participation and its implications]. PMID- 3915909 TI - [Bonded bridges: a hope and a danger]. PMID- 3915911 TI - [Outpatient nursing care program for diabetics]. PMID- 3915910 TI - [The nurse in family planning]. PMID- 3915912 TI - [Titration of antibodies against the camel poxvirus by the plaque seroreduction method on IB-RS2 cells]. PMID- 3915913 TI - Open-labeled phase III clinical trials with vinpocetine in Japan. PMID- 3915914 TI - Recovery after bone-marrow transplantation performed without previous radiotherapy in blastic phase of chronic granulocytic leukaemia. PMID- 3915915 TI - The 100-year old phagocyte theory in the light of recent investigations. PMID- 3915916 TI - [Complete denture construction and flat residual ridges]. PMID- 3915917 TI - [The problem of complete dentures (presuppositions of acceptance)]. PMID- 3915918 TI - [Genetic concepts in the ancient Greek tragedies]. PMID- 3915920 TI - Reliability of single kidney glomerular filtration rate measured by a 99mTc-DTPA gamma camera technique. AB - The reliability of a previously published method for determination of single kidney glomerular filtration rate (SKGFR) by means of technetium-99m diethylenetriaminepenta-acetate (99mTc-DTPA) gamma camera renography was evaluated. The day-to-day variation in the calculated SKGFR values was earlier found to be 8.8%. The technique was compared to the simultaneously measured renal clearance of inulin in 19 unilaterally nephrectomized patients with GFR varying from 11 to 76 ml/min. The regression line (y = 1.04 X -2.5) did not differ significantly from the line of identity. The standard error of estimate was 4.3 ml/min. In 17 patients the inter- and intraobserver variation of the calculated SKGFR values was 1.2 ml/min and 1.3 ml/min, respectively. In 21 of 25 healthy subjects studied (age range 27-29 years), total GFR calculated from the renograms was within an established age-dependent normal range of GFR. PMID- 3915919 TI - Urinary kidney-derived antigens determined by tests built on monoclonal antibodies: new markers for kidney damage. AB - We have developed a series of sandwich ELISA for the quantitation of kidney derived urinary antigens (UA) utilizing monoclonal antibodies specific for antigens localized in cells of defined subunits of the nephron of human kidney. Antigens derived from the distal and proximal parts of the tubular system as well as antigens localized over its entire length can be detected and quantified in urine samples. Antigen excretion was measured in the urine of healthy individuals, patients with various diseases with and without kidney involvement, kidney transplant recipients, and healthy volunteers after receiving antibiotics. Low antigen excretion values were found in healthy individuals, patients with diseases primarily affecting the glomerulus, and inactive phases of chronic diseases. Toxic side effects of drugs were reflected by slightly (antibiotic drugs) or strongly (cytostatic drugs) enhanced antigenuria. Excretion of some or all of the antigens was always indicative of massive alteration of tubular structures, such as in acute phases of tubulointerstitial disease or during rejection episodes in kidney transplant recipients. The results obtained indicate that it is possible to obtain information on the location and extent of acute primary processes in the kidney with these tests. PMID- 3915921 TI - Validation of a simple isotopic technique for the measurement of global and separated renal function. AB - Schlegel and Gates described an isotopic method for the measurement of global and separated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) based on the determination by scintillation camera of the fraction of the injected dose (99mTc-DTPA-[131I]hippuran) present in the kidneys 1-3 min after its administration. This method requires counting of the injected dose and attenuation correction, but no blood or urine sampling. We validated this technique by the simultaneous infusion of inulin and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) in patients with various levels of renal function (anuric to normal). To better define individual renal function we studied 9 kidneys in patients either nephrectomized or with a nephrostomy enabling separated function measurement. A good correlation between inulin, PAH clearance, and isotopic GFR ERPF measurement for both global and separate renal function was observed. PMID- 3915922 TI - Urinary kallikrein activity is not altered in human essential hypertension. AB - Urinary kallikrein excretion was evaluated in 85 normal subjects and in 149 uncomplicated and recently diagnosed essential hypertensive patients. Moreover, the possible interrelationships between urinary kallikrein excretion and age, sex, electrolyte excretion, and plasma renin activity were examined. In patients with essential hypertension, urinary kallikrein excretion was similar to that of normal subjects. In these patients the enzyme was weakly and positively related to urinary potassium and plasma renin activity; no correlation was found with blood pressure, urinary sodium, age, or sex. In normal subjects and in patients with essential hypertension, the variables studied account for only 25% and 17%, respectively, of the variability of urinary kallikrein excretion. We conclude that the relatively short duration of hypertension in our patients may explain the unaltered values of urinary kallikrein excretion with respect to controls. PMID- 3915923 TI - Kidney scintigraphy after ACE inhibition in the diagnosis of renovascular hypertension. AB - Suppression of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) by angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition may induce renal failure in patients with bilateral renal artery stenosis. Recent scintigraphic studies with the glomerular tracer technetium-99m-diethylenetriaminepenta-acetate (99m-Tc DTPA) indicate that in patients with unilateral renal artery stenosis, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) may be markedly reduced in the affected kidney after inhibition of ACE. This finding reflects the important role of the RAS in maintaining GFR (by increasing postglomerular resistance) in states of low renal perfusion pressure. Preliminary observations suggest that this scintigraphic test might be useful in the detection of renovascular hypertension. PMID- 3915925 TI - Investigations for vesicoureteric reflux in children: ultrasound vs. radionuclide voiding cystography. AB - In this study, 53 children suffering from recurrent urinary tract infections were investigated both by ultrasound and direct radionuclide voiding cystography (RNVC). The findings were: Most high-grade vesicopelvic refluxes were detected by both methods consistently. Discrepant results of high-grade vesicopelvic refluxes were seen in 6 kidneys from 4 children. Main advantages of RNVC are the quick results and the ease of interpretation of these results. In RNVC the whole urinary tract can be observed during the filling phase as well as during the voiding and postvoiding phase. In sonography, the different parts of the urinary tract must be explored one after another during the filling, voiding, and postvoiding phase. The investigation by sonography is time consuming and a strongly investigator-dependent procedure. PMID- 3915924 TI - Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and other noninvasive methods for evaluation of renal circulation and hypertension. PMID- 3915926 TI - A modified bladder washout test to improve diagnostic results in chronic urinary tract infections. AB - Bladder washout (BWO) and antibody-coated bacteria (ACB) tests were performed on 25 patients with radiological and/or clinical evidence of chronic upper urinary tract infection (UTI) and 12 patients with asymptomatic bacteriuria. Using a traditional single-washout procedure, the BWO test gave equivocal results in many cases of chronic pyelonephritis; this seemed mainly due to the lack of complete bladder sterilization. A modified procedure, including double sterilization and irrigation, biochemical typing of isolated bacteria, and evaluation of temporal pattern of bacteriuria recurrence, was then introduced. Although preliminary results of the modified BWO test demonstrated a general improvement in the diagnosis of the infection site, it seemed rather difficult, at least in chronic UTI, to establish localizing criteria based on definite numeric changes in bacterial counts after washout. PMID- 3915927 TI - Evaluation of proteinuria by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis after kidney transplantation. AB - Urinary proteins were studied in patients after kidney transplantation during various functional states (normal function, acute rejection, chronic rejection) by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In the first dimension, the proteins were separated according to their electric charge by isoelectric focusing, and in the second dimension according to their molecular weight by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. After electrophoresis the proteins were visualized using a highly sensitive silver stain technique. The combination of these methods allowed the discrimination of up to 250 protein spots in human urine, most of them unidentified up to now. Functional changes of the kidney transplants were accompanied by complex changes of the protein pattern in urine. These changes cannot be simply compared to the tubular and glomerular pattern of proteinuria which can be identified by one-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate electrophoresis. The 2D electrophoresis of urinary proteins may develop into a useful tool in localizing of kidney damage and in the evaluation of renal disease. PMID- 3915928 TI - Posttransplantation monitoring of high-density lipoprotein-associated serum amyloid A protein: a new diagnostic aid in the detection of renal allograft rejection. AB - The concentrations of serum amyloid A protein, a high-density lipoprotein associated protein synthesized in the liver, were monitored in 66 recipients of cadaveric renal allografts. Acute graft rejection episodes were associated with dramatic elevations of serum amyloid A. Electrofocusing and immunoblotting of rejection sera showed a polymorphic serum amyloid A pattern similar to that obtained with control (apo) serum amyloid A isolated from the high-density lipoprotein fraction of plasma. Rejections in patients receiving cyclosporine alone as posttransplantation immunosuppressive medication were characterized by significantly higher serum amyloid A levels than in those receiving cyclosporine in combination with methylprednisolone. Due to the dramatic rejection-induced serum amyloid A elevation, limit values could be used which combined high sensitivity (87-96%) with reasonably high predictive value of a positive test (82%). The serum amyloid A test was applicable also in patients with initially nonfunctioning or poorly functioning grafts. It is concluded that monitoring of the serum amyloid A concentrations offers a valuable noninvasive aid in the early diagnosis of acute renal allograft rejection, including patients with acute tubular necrosis of the graft. PMID- 3915929 TI - Prognosis of renal transplant function by renography with radioactive hippuran. AB - The relation of the functional prognosis of a kidney graft to the results of renography with radioactive hippuran (OIH-RG) was assessed in 96 patients after renal allograft transplantation in 1982. By October 1, 1984 26 of these kidneys had lost their function. The curves obtained from the gamma-camera OIH-RG are classified into six different curve patterns (curve types 1 to 6) as published earlier. For the evaluation of the long-term prognosis, the survival times of the kidneys were related to the curve types. The distribution of the curve types obtained in patients with a kidney survival longer than 144 weeks differs significantly from the curve type distribution when the kidney survival is shorter than 144 weeks. The individual survival times in the collective 26 lost kidneys show a relation to the different curve types. All kidneys with curve type 4 in the last examination before hospital discharge are lost within the first 20 weeks while curve types 1 and 2 promise a functional survival up to 144 weeks. Serum creatinine time courses and their relation to the OIH-RG curve patterns are analyzed by analyses of variance and covariance with repeated measurement. These statistical analyses reveal significant differences between the creatinine courses in the single curve types and, in addition, a significant interaction of the curve types with the creatinine courses. In curve type 1, a rapid normalization of an elevated creatinine level can be predicted, while in curve type 4 no improvement of the creatinine level and thus of kidney function can be expected at least within the five days following discharge.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3915930 TI - Role of ultrasound in renal transplantation. AB - Ultrasound examination of a renal transplant was performed in 27 patients over a period of 28 months; there were kidneys from 12 living and 15 cadaveric donors. The ultrasonic scans were performed over a period ranging from 2 days to 12 years following transplantation. We were able to observe and describe the echographic findings of the normal evolution of a well functioning renal transplant, acute tubular necrosis, acute and chronic rejection, perirenal fluid collection, and obstructive uropathy. Ultrasound evaluation of renal transplant was accurate in the diagnosis of postoperative complications together with clinical and laboratory findings. Ultrasound imaging is independent of renal function and can be performed quickly as often as necessary. Percutaneous procedures, including fine needle aspiration, biopsy, aspiration of fluid collection, and positioning of the pyelostomy catheter can be performed under ultrasonic guidance. PMID- 3915931 TI - Ultrasonically continuously guided renal biopsy. AB - Since 1980 we have refined a procedure for renal needle biopsy with continuous ultrasonic guidance (USRNB) which facilitates control of the needle progression through the soft tissues to the lower pole of the kidney. The advantage of this method is evident in a selected population (major obesity, small kidneys). We compared this procedure to the conventional blind biopsy in a series of 32 nonselected patients. Tissue samples with more than 10 glomeruli were obtained in 87% of patients with 2.8 punctures using USRNB, the difference was significant when compared to a blind technique (56%, 4.0, respectively, p less than 0.05). USRNB has been performed in 108 patients with 2 failures due to a poor echographic contrast. Reasons why this procedure should be substituted for the blind technique include: (i) Less morbidity, (ii) improvement of the quality of renal tissue, (iii) better comfort for both patient and physician, and (iv) less technical restriction of the biopsy indication when compared to blind renal needle biopsy. PMID- 3915932 TI - Noninvasive diagnosis and follow-up of childhood renal vein thrombosis by ultrasound, Doppler, and renal scintiscan. AB - Childhood renal vein thrombosis (RVT) usually occurs in infants less than one year of age, and in recent years, more RVTs are diagnosed with the help of various diagnostic imaging modalities. RVT produces immediate physiologic, anatomic, and functional changes within the involved kidney or kidneys and these changes can be detected readily and noninvasively by Doppler ultrasound, ultrasound scan, and renal scintiscans. Childhood RVTs are associated with substantial morbidity, and the earlier the diagnosis and treatment, the better the prognosis. The most important factor in the diagnosis of childhood RVT is a high clinical index of suspicion. With a high degree of clinical suspicion, one can make the specific diagnosis of RVT using the noninvasive methods. Such methods can also be used for follow-up of patients with RVTs. PMID- 3915933 TI - Microalbuminuria: an early marker of renal involvement in diabetes. PMID- 3915934 TI - [Augmentation of the edentulous alveolar ridge of the mandible using rotated horizontal osteotomy]. PMID- 3915935 TI - [Acid etching patterns in human dental enamel. In vitro scanning electron microscopy study]. PMID- 3915936 TI - An immunofluorescent analysis of lectin binding to normal and regenerating skeletal muscle of rat. AB - Ten different fluorescein-conjugated lectins of various known sugar specificities were used to study cell surface glycoconjugates of normal and regenerating rat skeletal muscle. In normal muscle, Canavalia ensiformis agglutinin, Triticum vulgaris agglutinin (wheat germ agglutinin, WGA), Ricinus communis agglutinin-I, and Maclura pomifera agglutinin bound strongly to the endomysial region of the myofibers. No binding was observed in the cytoplasm of the myofibers. Other lectins (Dolichos biflorus agglutinin, Griffonia simplifolia agglutinin I and II, Ulex europaeus agglutinin, Arachis hypogaea agglutinin, Glycine max agglutinin) bound very poorly or not at all in the normal muscle. Skeletal muscle degeneration and regeneration was induced by autotransplantation of the extensor digitorum longus muscle. In the transplanted muscles, the endomysial lectin binding of the degenerating myofibers became weak and lacked continuity, indicating a breakdown of the endomysium. Of all the lectins tested, only WGA revealed intense binding in the myogenic zone of regenerating muscle. As the regeneration progressed, this WGA binding became restricted to the new endomysium. In completely regenerated muscle, binding of all lectins was similar to that seen in normal muscle. The specific binding of WGA to the myogenic zone may be important in identifying factors or glycoconjugates, which constitute a favorable environment for skeletal muscle regeneration. PMID- 3915938 TI - Number and size of rat thyroid C cells: no effect of pinealectomy. AB - A method for the estimation of the size and total number of calcitonin-containing cells (C cells) in the rat thyroid gland has been devised. The total area, the number of C cells per unit area, and the areal fraction of C cells were determined for the C cell region using step serial sections. From these data it was estimated that from 0.3 X 10(6) to 1.0 X 10(6) C cells were evenly divided between the two thyroid lobes. Approximately 150 micron3 of cytoplasm were associated with each of these cells. In comparison with sham-operated rats, pinealectomy had little effect on the number of C cells. In an experiment terminated in the summer, there was a statistically insignificant decrease 6 weeks postsurgery; no effect was seen at 12 weeks. On the other hand, a slight increase in the number of C cells was seen in January, 12 weeks postsurgery. The volume of cytoplasm per cell was not altered by pinealectomy. PMID- 3915937 TI - The renin-angiotensin system in the rat anterior pituitary: colocalization of renin and angiotensin II in gonadotrophs. AB - Discovery of components of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in the adenohypophysis of several species has prompted speculation concerning the location and possible function of a pituitary RAS. Although both renin and angiotensin II have been localized within the rat adenohypophysis, their colocalization has not been previously demonstrated within the same cells. In the present study, immunohistochemical staining by the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex technique was used to demonstrate the coexistence of renin and angiotensin II in adenohypophyseal cells identified morphologically and immunocytochemically as gonadotrophs. These results support the existence of an adenohypophyseal RAS, at least part of which is under intracellular control. The influence of this system on control of fluid balance, blood pressure, and the secretion of other hypophyseal hormones is discussed. PMID- 3915939 TI - [Clinical experience using mezlocillin in acute and chronic broncho- pneumonia]. PMID- 3915940 TI - [Electrical resistance of hard tissue and pulp sensitivity of intact teeth after etching and bonding]. PMID- 3915941 TI - [Actinomycosis of the face and mouth]. PMID- 3915942 TI - [Clinical note: use of the transpalatal bar in orthodontic treatment]. PMID- 3915943 TI - [Clinical indications for use of the Quad-Helix]. PMID- 3915944 TI - Essential metal co-ordination in biochemistry. PMID- 3915945 TI - Classification of amyloidosis: immunohistochemistry versus the potassium permanganate method in differentiating AA from AL amyloidosis. AB - As systemic AA and Al amyloidosis differ considerably with regard to prognosis and therapeutic approach, it is of importance to make an accurate histochemical classification with regard to the amyloid protein involved. In the present study the results of the potassium permanganate (KMnO4) method, an indirect histochemical procedure based on differences in cross-beta-potential of different amyloid fibril proteins, were compared with the results of an immunohistochemical method utilizing anti-AA and anti-AP antibodies. Renal biopsy sections of patients with systemic amyloidosis related to inflammatory conditions, systemic amyloidosis associated with plasma cell dyscrasia, idiopathic systemic amyloidosis, and nonamyloidotic controls were studied. Positive reaction of anti AA was observed on all KMnO4-sensitive amyloid deposits, whereas the KMnO4 resistant amyloid deposits remained unstained, provided that highly purified anti AA antiserum was used. Anti-AP produced not only comparable staining of both KMnO4-sensitive and -resistant amyloid deposits, but also of glomerular basement membranes and elastin layers of blood vessels in amyloid and control biopsies. The intensity of anti-AP reactivity was comparable with the reaction of anti-AA on KMnO4-sensitive amyloid deposits. The present results confirm the specificity of the KMnO4 method, which is a simple method available to every laboratory, in differentiating between AA and AL amyloidosis. Furthermore, the results indicate that, at least in renal biopsy specimens, anti-AP may serve as a general marker for AA and AL amyloid deposition; this finding is in contrast to the results of a recently published report. PMID- 3915946 TI - Production of monoclonal antibody against amyloid fibril protein and its immunohistochemical application. AB - An autopsy case of multiple myeloma (IgA-lambda) with extensive amyloid arthropathy of the systemic joints was described. Heavy deposits of amyloid (amyloidoma) were observed in the articular cavities of the joints. Furthermore, numerous amyloid deposits were found in the walls of small blood vessels in the general organs. Incubation of the paraffin sections of amyloid with potassium permanganate produced little loss of Congo red affinity and apple-green birefringence under polarized light. A crude preparation of amyloid protein was isolated from a frozen intra-articular mass, which had been obtained at necropsy, and injected into the footpads of BALB/c mice with complete Freund's adjuvant. The immune spleen cells were fused with myeloma cells (P3 X 63-Ag8.653) under the presence of polyethylene glycol. Hybridoma cell lines, producing supernatants which reacted not only with amyloid substances but also with normal human tissues, were omitted from the subjects of recloning, and one hybridoma cell line (Am-1) producing a specific monoclonal antibody (MAb) against the immunized amyloid substance was finally obtained. Using the indirect immunoperoxidase method, the specificity of MAb Am-1 was confirmed in the cryostat sections as well as in the formalin-fixed paraffin sections of various organs of the case from which the crude amyloid protein was obtained and used for immunization. Amyloid deposits in 25 cases with amyloidosis or amyloid deposits were examined with MAb Am-1, and 2 cases showed positive reactivity with Am-1. These 2 cases presented primary amyloidosis and focal amyloid deposits in the oral cavity, respectively; Congo red staining of amyloid in these cases showed resistance to treatment with potassium permanganate, as observed in the amyloid of the original case used for immunization. Trypsin treatment of the sections resulted in a loss of positive reactivity with MAb Am-1 in all these cases. This result indicates that Am-1 recognizes a substance composed of protein molecules. Furthermore, the immunohistochemical distribution of Am-1 positive reaction was consistent with the histological distribution of substance which could be stained by Congo red and showed apple-green birefringence under polarized light. These results have suggested that Am-1 reacts with a portion of amyloid protein which is resistant to treatment with potassium permanganate followed by Congo red staining. PMID- 3915947 TI - Experimental amyloidosis. Role of the hepatocytes and Kupffer cells in amyloid formation. AB - Using an electron-microscopic, enzyme-labeled antibody method and cytochemical method in addition to conventional electron microscopy, we investigated the mechanism by which serum amyloid A protein (SAA) and amyloid fibrils were formed in the liver of mice with experimental amyloidosis. After induction, SAA was found initially on the rough endoplasmic reticulum of hepatocytes followed sequentially by the Golgi apparatus and secretory granules of hepatocytes. Shortly afterwards, SAA was observed in Disse's spaces, hepatic sinusoids and Kupffer cells. Amyloid fibrils appeared to accumulate predominantly extracellularly in the cytoplasmic invaginations of Kupffer cells or hepatocytes. However, they seemed to be partially formed by lysosomal enzymes in the cytoplasm of Kupffer cells. PMID- 3915948 TI - Amyloidosis of the joints: evidence that human hip capsules have a unique predisposition for amyloid of the senile systemic type. AB - Amyloid-containing tissues were sampled from 19 capsules and 10 cartilages from hip, knee and sternoclavicular joints of 16 elderly patients. Heart ventricles from 3 of these patients were also studied. Histochemistry and immunofluorescence were performed and amyloid fibrils extracted from one hip capsule. The results indicate that 9 of 13 hip capsules contained prealbumin-like amyloid fibril protein ASc1, a finding characteristic of senile systemic amyloidosis. The amyloid of 16 out of 17 other joint structures showed no reaction with anti-ASc1 or antisera to 3 other systemic forms of amyloid, indicating that they represent localized forms of amyloid. PMID- 3915949 TI - Pepsinogens I and II in carcinoma of the stomach: an immunohistochemical study. AB - Pepsinogen I is normally produced by the chief and mucus neck cells of the fundic glands, while pepsinogen II is produced by these cells and by the cardiac and pyloric glands. In this study we used antisera specific for human pepsinogen I and II to identify these antigens in tumor tissue from 64 patients with gastric carcinoma. In addition, we examined the relationship between tumor positivity and preoperative serum levels of pepsinogens I and II. Histologically, 44 of the 64 cancers were of the intestinal type (gland forming) and 20 were of the diffuse type. Of the intestinal type tumors, 16 (36.4%) contained pepsinogen II, while only 2 (4.5%) contained pepsinogen I; one tumor contained both antigens. Pepsinogen II-positive cells were found in undifferentiated and in moderately well-differentiated intestinal type tumors, but not in intestinalized gastric mucosa or in tumors arising from intestinalized glands. This suggests that tumors containing PG II arise from antral gland mucosa even when most of the antrum has undergone intestinal metaplasia. None of the 20 diffuse tumors was positive for pepsinogen I and only 3 (15%) were positive for pepsinogen II. Serum pepsinogen II levels were available in 35 patients. The mean (+/- SE) level in 6 patients with pepsinogen II-positive tumors was 29.1 +/- 3.3 micrograms/l. This was higher than the mean level of 16.0 +/- 2.1 micrograms/l in the 29 patients with pepsinogen II-negative tumors (p = 0.011). Serum pepsinogen I was elevated to 152 micrograms/l in 1 of 2 patients with a pepsinogen I-positive tumor. The results suggest that tumor pepsinogen I and II enter the circulation and contribute to their respective serum levels. PMID- 3915950 TI - HLA and complement studies in Alzheimer's disease. PMID- 3915951 TI - Cholinergic markers in the early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. PMID- 3915952 TI - Neurologic complications of vitamin E deficiency: case report and review of the literature. AB - A well-defined degenerative neurological condition has been associated with cholestatic liver disease in children. This syndrome, heralded by gait and limb ataxia, areflexia, and proprioceptive and vibratory sensory loss, has also been observed in abetalipoproteinemia (Bassen-Kornzweig syndrome), cystic fibrosis, and intestinal malabsorption states. A significant body of evidence suggests that vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) deficiency is in large part responsible for this condition. In this article, a patient manifesting this syndrome is reported, and the current status of the vitamin E deficiency state is reviewed. PMID- 3915953 TI - Homage to a healer. PMID- 3915954 TI - Musings relating to skin diseases. PMID- 3915955 TI - Dialysis encephalopathy. AB - Dialysis encephalopathy is a progressive neurological disease which usually causes death in six to eight months. Although primarily occurring in hemodialyzed uremic patients, it is being seen with increasing frequency in non-dialyzed uremic patients and patients on peritoneal dialysis. Based on strong biochemical and epidemiological data, aluminum has been implicated in the pathogenesis of this disease. Although the source of the aluminum loading was initially felt to be from aluminum-contaminated dialysate, it has more recently become apparent that aluminum loading can occur from the orally administered, aluminum containing, phosphate-binding gels. In view of the known toxicity of aluminum, the minimum amount of aluminum-containing, phosphate-binding gels should be administered to control serum phosphorus levels, and alternate methods of phosphate control should be sought. PMID- 3915956 TI - Progressive dialytic encephalopathy and the problem of aluminum neurotoxicity. AB - Some clinical, epidemiological, and pathological aspects of the progressive dialytic encephalopathy have been considered with the aim to clarify the nature of the disease as well as to identify factors that possibly favor the neurotoxic effect of aluminum in uremic patients. The role of the blood-brain barrier has been outlined. The concept of a delayed neurotoxicity of aluminum has been introduced to face the problem of the risk of mental deterioration and neuromyopathies in patients on oral aluminum administration. A comparison has been made with the dementias of the Alzheimer type and with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in which aluminum is regarded as a possible etiologic factor. Finally, a proposal has been made of monitoring aluminum levels in blood serum and cerebrospinal fluid as well as the results of electrodiagnostic tests, CT scan, and language and psychometric examinations, that may help in clarifying the problem of aluminum neurotoxicity in uremic patients. PMID- 3915957 TI - Dialysis osteomalacia: clinical aspects and physiopathological mechanisms. AB - Dialysis osteomalacia is characterized by distinctive, although not pathognomonic, clinical and biochemical features. Symptoms and signs may include musculoskeletal pain, arthralgias, proximal muscle weakness, and spontaneous fractures. Biochemical characteristics may be hypercalcemia and normal serum alkaline phosphatase activities. Vitamin D administration may induce early severe hypercalcemia. Plasma phosphate and immunoreactive parathyroid hormone concentrations may be at any level. Only bone histology allows to establish the diagnosis of dialysis osteomalacia with certainty. Diphosphonate bone scan, however, enables to distinguish between severe osteitis fibrosa and dialysis osteomalacia. The diagnostic value of desferrioxamine administration with subsequent measurement of plasma aluminium remains to be determined. The complex interactions existing between parathyroid hormone and aluminium are not yet fully understood. PMID- 3915958 TI - Aluminium-induced osteomalacia in severe chronic renal failure (SCRF). AB - In patients with severe chronic renal failure (SCRF), especially in those undergoing chronic dialysis, aluminium may accumulate in the body. The aluminium is derived from the dialysate and/or from orally-administered, aluminium containing phosphate binders. Accumulation preferentially occurs in the bone causing aluminium-induced osteomalacia. The physiopathological mechanisms of the disease still have to be elucidated. It has been suggested that aluminium accumulates at the osteoid/calcified-bone boundary (OCBB) inhibiting the influx of calcium there, and also that aluminium directly suppresses the secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH). A third factor inducing the mineralization defect may be the presence of aluminium within the mitochondria of the osteoblast. In accordance with these hypotheses, hypercalcemia and relatively low iPTH levels are frequently found in aluminium-induced osteomalacia. Histologic methods are essential for demonstrating the actual existence of aluminium-induced osteomalacia. A large bone biopsy is desirable. When the biopsy is not decalcified and embedded in plastic, excellent histologic pictures are obtained wherein mineralized and non-mineralized bone (i.e. osteoid) can be distinguished clearly. Furthermore, the un-decalcified sections can be stained for aluminium, iron or both, and they are suitable for evaluation of the bone marrow status. Several features, like irregularly distributed osteoid with variable thickness, a relatively low number of cubic osteoblasts, and the absence of marrow fibrosis, are suggestive of aluminium-induced osteomalacia. However, the latter can only be proven by histochemical methods, e.g. by the aluminon staining. The treatment of aluminium-induced osteomalacia is quite different from that of other types of renal bone disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3915959 TI - Aluminum in tissues. AB - Patients with aluminum accumulation show a heterogeneous distribution of the element throughout the body which is different from normals. In chronic renal failure, aluminum has been implicated in dialysis encephalopathy, vitamin D resistant osteomalacia and microcytic hypochromic anemia. Disparities are observed between aluminum distribution and organ dysfunction. In patients with severe renal failure and aluminum overload, aluminum shows a heterogeneous distribution throughout the brain. The mechanisms of aluminum toxicity remain largely unknown. Desferrioxamine administration results in decreases of tissue aluminum levels and in regression of aluminum-associated pathology. PMID- 3915960 TI - Aluminum in the dialysis fluid. AB - The major source of aluminum in patients with chronic renal failure treated by hemodialysis is the hemodialysis fluid. The aluminum is derived from both the water and the chemical concentrate used in the preparation of the hemodialysis fluid. Due to the complex physico-chemistry of aluminum in water and dialysis fluid, both the total aluminum concentration and the proportion of aluminum species able to cross the hemodialysis membrane may vary from water supply to water supply and from day to day within a supply. A "safe" level of aluminum in dialysis fluid, which will prevent aluminum transfer from dialysis fluid to blood, and promotes aluminum removal from blood, has yet to be determined. PMID- 3915961 TI - Gastrointestinal absorption of aluminum. AB - It has recently been documented that a small amount of aluminum is absorbed from a variety of different orally administered aluminum compounds. A variety of factors including gastric acidity, fluoride ingestion, parathyroid hormone, vitamin D and the quantity of aluminum ingested could theoretically modulate aluminum absorption from the gastrointestinal tract. However, partially because of the unavailability of an aluminum isotope, knowledge regarding factors which modify aluminum absorption is quite limited. In healthy individuals the absorbed aluminum is largely eliminated from the body by the kidneys. However, with renal failure the absorbed aluminum is retained and can markedly alter the body aluminum burden with resulting toxicity. In view of this finding, it is suggested that uremic patients receive the smallest amount possible of aluminum-containing, phosphate-binding gels consistent with the control of serum phosphorus levels and that alternate methods for the control of the serum phosphorus should be sought. PMID- 3915962 TI - Aluminium in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and post dilutional hemofiltration. AB - Aluminium (Al) has been shown to be a constant contaminant of sterile apyrogenic solutions used in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) or post dilutional hemofiltration (HF). The Al content of these solutions varied widely from 1 to 50 micrograms/l. The clinical significance of such an Al contamination was difficult to ascertain. However, the available information suggests little clinical toxicity from these low Al levels, except in those patients who ingest large amounts of aluminium hydroxide as a phosphate binder. In view of the well known consequences of long-term Al exposure of dialysis patients, it is suggested that Al concentration in CAPD solutions and HF substitution fluids should not exceed 10 micrograms/l. PMID- 3915963 TI - Antiepileptics. PMID- 3915964 TI - Therapeutic monitoring of antiarrhythmic drugs. PMID- 3915965 TI - The effects of age on therapeutic response. PMID- 3915966 TI - Digoxin. PMID- 3915967 TI - The tricyclic antidepressants. PMID- 3915968 TI - Oral anticoagulants. PMID- 3915969 TI - Antibiotics. PMID- 3915970 TI - Antitumour agents. AB - Pharmacokinetic studies are invaluable in understanding the effects of cytotoxic drugs on the body and in defining the distribution of drug to various tumours at different sites in the body. In individual patients pharmacokinetic studies may be a more sensitive indicator for dose adjustment or for a change of therapy than liver function tests or increased creatinine levels. However, many more studies are required to define relevant indicators of impending toxicity or, with more difficulty, response. Pharmacokinetic studies have become an important aspect of chemotherapy and will play an increasing role. Efforts to increase the amount of drug available for tumour uptake by, for example, delayed release preparations, the administration of prodrugs, liposome entrapped drugs and antibody targetted drugs will rely heavily on pharmacokinetic studies. Now that sensitive specific methods of analysis such as HPLC and RIA are available, pharmacokinetic studies are likely to become increasingly used in both clinical and research studies. Because of the complex interactions of the tumour and the host, it will be necessary for such studies to be interpreted alongside studies of the biochemistry and cell kinetics of tumour cells. PMID- 3915971 TI - Lithium. PMID- 3915972 TI - Drug assays in the assessment of the clinical value and safety of new compounds. PMID- 3915973 TI - Theophylline. PMID- 3915974 TI - Prions--infectious pathogens causing the spongiform encephalopathies. AB - The novel properties of the scrapie and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) transmissible agents readily distinguish them from viruses and viroids; thus, they have been labeled "prions". The scrapie prion contains a protein(s) which is required for infectivity; recently a 27,000 to 30,000 MW protein which purifies with the prion has been identified. The similarities between the scrapie and CJD agents suggest that CJD is also caused by a prion. Recent studies show that the time courses of both scrapie and CJD are determined by an autosominal dominant gene denoted PID (prion incubation determinant). In congenic mice infected with CJD, PID appears to be located on chromosome 17 in the major histocompatibility complex (H-2) in the D-subregion. Further studies indicate that replication of the scrapie and CJD prions precedes the development of pathological change. These changes share many similarities with those found in a variety of degenerative neurological disorders of unknown etiology. PMID- 3915975 TI - Neuropeptides in the autonomic nervous system. AB - This review will concern itself with recent advances in our knowledge about the anatomy, cellular distribution, and proposed function of neuropeptides in the peripheral nervous system. In particular, the concept of co-storage and co release of neuropeptides with conventional neurotransmitters will be dealt with in regard to their known distribution in the three broad divisions of the autonomic nervous system: sensory neurons, autonomic neurons, and the adrenal medulla. The proposed physiological functions of the peptides in these three systems will be reviewed. PMID- 3915976 TI - Emotional correlates of structural brain injury with particular emphasis on post stroke mood disorders. AB - This article reviews the emotional disorders which have historically been associated with brain injury and hypotheses about the nature of the relationship between emotional symptoms and neuropathology. Although a causal connection between emotional disorders and neurophysiological changes in the brain has been proposed, most clinicians have attributed the emotional disorders to a psychological response to the lesion-induced impairments. Relatively recent studies utilizing measurement of emotions, however, have suggested that emotional symptoms are not explained by severity of impairment. Studies of lateralization of emotional response to brain injury are discussed which exemplify the development of neurobiological theories for post-brain injury mood disorders. The importance of lesion size and location, time since injury, as well as physical and intellectual impairments and social factors on post-brain injury emotional disorders, are all reviewed in relation to recent findings. Results of a recent double-blind drug study suggest that post-stroke depressive disorders may be treatable with antidepressants. PMID- 3915977 TI - The kindling model of epilepsy: a critical review. AB - Kindling is an animal model of epilepsy induced by electrical stimulation of the brain. This model has attracted the interest of many neuroscientists, in part because it involves a robust, permanent modification of brain function. This report will describe the kindling phenomenon and critically review current understanding of the underlying mechanisms. The review will carefully consider whether this model accurately reflects analogous processes in humans. The review will consider some hypotheses inspired by the kindling studies which may be relevant to human epilepsy. PMID- 3915978 TI - Production of serum-opacity factor by Streptococcus pyogenes strains isolated from pharyngitis in children. Prevalence of "rheumatogenic" M types among OF negative strains. AB - Two hundred ten S. pyogenes strains isolated in 1979, 1980 and 1984 from children with pharyngitis were here examined for properties which might be relevant to their rheumatogenic potential. Strains were first tested for the production of streptococcal serum-opacity factor and, among those scored as OF-negative, the presence was then verified of M types which have been epidemiologically related to rheumatic fever. Members of "rheumatogenic" M types are present among strains causing pharyngitis in children, which, however, also include a considerable proportion of OF-positive, probably non-rheumatogenic, strains. The results are discussed in the light of the low incidence of rheumatic fever in this country. PMID- 3915979 TI - Epidemiologic implications of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in a 19 year-old girl. AB - A histopathologically-verified, clinically typical case of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is described in a 19 year-old girl. Only 3 previous cases of CJD have been reported in adolescents, and one of these was iatrogenically transmitted, while another was familial. Epidemiologic investigation of the present case excluded a familial component, and provided no evidence for iatrogenic or natural case-to-case transmission, or of other environmental sources of viral contamination. Young patients such as this one serve to emphasize the obscurity that still surrounds the epidemiology of CJD, and invite serious reconsideration of the possibilities of transmission by undetected virus carriers, or of the agent as a natural resident of human cells, replication of which might be triggered by non-infective (e.g., traumatic or mutational) environmental events. PMID- 3915980 TI - Occurrence of moulds in modern living and working environments. AB - The occurrence of saprophytic moulds in indoor environments and their potential hazards to human health are discussed. In addition to mesophilic species, xerophilic moulds appear to be common, often developing together with mites. Allergic and non-allergic symptoms are reported when patients are exposed to moulds in homes, schools and working places. Air-conditioning systems are consistently involved with mould development. Complaints of eye-, nose- and throat-irritation as well as fatigue seem to be correlated with unpleasant odours produced by abundant mould growth, but the relationship between the symptoms and the odours is not understood. The role of air-borne mycotoxins is discussed. Methods to detect moulds in indoor environments are described. Because no single method or cultivation medium is sufficient to detect all the various indoor moulds, a combination of air sampling, direct microscopic examination and cultivation on both standard and low water activity media is recommended. PMID- 3915981 TI - Neurophysiological aspects of tetanus toxin effects on the motor system. AB - The action of tetanus toxin on the motor system in experimental tetanus relating to the clinical one was reviewed. Special attention was paid to several controversial results in recent years. PMID- 3915983 TI - Prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria and comparison between different screening methods for its detection in infants. AB - Urine was cultured from 441 healthy children, aged 3 to 36 months, simultaneously by standard pour plating and by dip-slide. Significant bacteriuria (greater than or equal to 10(5) colony-forming units/ml in two successive specimens) was found in 13 children (2.9%): 11 boys, 2 girls. Proteus mirabilis was the most frequently isolated organism. Of the 13 infants, 2 had malformations on intravenous pyelography. All 13 had a negative antibody-coated bacteria test. Nitrite test (N-Multistix) and microscopic examination were also performed. The results suggest that asymptomatic bacteriuria cannot be accurately predicted either by microscopic examination or by the nitrite test, and that the quantitative urine culture by dip-slide is the easiest and most reliable way of diagnosing urinary tract infections. However the criteria of Kass were found to be too strict. PMID- 3915984 TI - The pathologic consequences of foreign materials in tissue. PMID- 3915985 TI - [Gyrocasting and the testing of formed metal slurries in the Gircast technic]. PMID- 3915986 TI - [The effect of the thickness of a paint-on die spacer on the retention of cast elements]. PMID- 3915987 TI - [The effect of argon laser radiation on the polymerization of photocomposites: bonding of orthodontic brackets]. PMID- 3915988 TI - [Titanium alloys for dental castings]. PMID- 3915982 TI - Recent advances in Chlamydia trachomatis. AB - Chlamydia trachomatis is an obligate intracellular energy parasitic bacterium with a genome of 660 X 10(6) daltons, possessing a plasmid and unique life cycle which includes the differentiation of the infective elementary body to a replicative reticulate body. C. trachomatis is the etiological agent of trachoma, which affects approximately 500 million people in developing countries. Recently it became evident that in industrialised Western nations certain strains of C. trachomatis are the most common cause of sexually transmitted infections such as non-gonococcal urethritis, cervicitis, endometritis, salpingitis and subsequent ectopic pregnancies or infertility, perihepatitis, neonatal conjunctivitis and pneumonia, adult conjunctivitis and epididymitis. Since C. trachomatis infections are often asymptomatic, widespread screening of sexually active young people is needed in order to initiate early antibiotic treatment which may prevent serious complications such as ectopic pregnancies and infertility. Development of sensitive and simple techniques for mass screening for detection of Chlamydia in excretions as well as techniques for detection of specific markers of chronic internal infections (such as Chlamydia specific IgA antibodies) is of great importance. PMID- 3915989 TI - [3-dimensional approximation of the variations in surface conditions between the casting mold and the cast piece]. PMID- 3915990 TI - [Mechanical properties of composite resins: changes over time]. PMID- 3915992 TI - [Application of fracture mechanics to the strength of bonded joints]. PMID- 3915991 TI - [Mechanical behavior of identical metal surfaces bonded together. Positive or negative retention?]. PMID- 3915993 TI - [The role of zinc in the ceramometal bond]. PMID- 3915994 TI - Protease inhibitors of human plasma. Alpha 1-antichymotrypsin. PMID- 3915995 TI - Protease inhibitors of human plasma. Alpha 1-antitrypsin. PMID- 3915996 TI - Protease inhibitors of human plasma. Protein-C. PMID- 3915997 TI - Protease inhibitors of human plasma. C1-inhibitor (C1-INH). PMID- 3915998 TI - Protease inhibitors of human plasma. Antithrombin-III. "The heparin-antithrombin system". PMID- 3915999 TI - Influence of anti-endothelial cell antibodies on the interactions of leukocytes with vascular endothelial cells in vitro. AB - The role of mononuclear cells in antibody-mediated endothelial cell damage and vascular diseases is not well understood when compared to our understanding of the role of neutrophil-mediated endothelial injury in vascular diseases. Thus we initiated these in-vitro studies to investigate the interactions of leukocytes (neutrophils and mononuclear cells) with vascular endothelial cells in the presence and absence of antiendothelial cell antibodies (anti-red blood cell antiserum-anti-RBC). Cultured endothelial cells were isolated from bovine pulmonary artery. The effects of unfractionated and fractionated human leukocytes (neutrophils, mononuclear cells, or lymphocytes) on endothelial cell viability was examined both quantitatively (51Cr release) and qualitatively (electron microscopy). Results from these studies indicated that the interactions of mononuclear cells and lymphocytes with antibody-coated endothelial cells resulted in a significant endothelial cell lysis within 1 to 6 hours of reactions. Neutrophils, on the other hand, failed to induce significant endothelial cell damage compared to mononuclear cells and lymphocytes when tested under similar conditions. In the absence of anti-RBC antibodies, all cell types (neutrophils, mononuclear cells, or lymphocytes) did not produce detectable endothelial damage. Additionally, the effectiveness of mononuclear cells to injure antibody-labeled endothelial cells was confirmed by ultrastructural examination. Similar studies, utilizing leukocytes obtained from patients with atherosclerosis disease, were also undertaken. In these studies we found that, again, only mononuclear cells and lymphocytes wer capable of inducing damage to endothelial cells precoated with antibodies. In summary, our results demonstrate the ability of mononuclear cells and lymphocytes to induce significant damage to antibody-coated endothelial cells. This finding suggests a major role of mononuclear leukocytes in vascular endothelial destruction in diseases that are characterized by the presence of circulating autoantibodies in serum and the adhesion of mononuclear cells to the vascular wall. Such diseases include vasculitis, allograft rejection, serum sickness, and perhaps atherosclerosis particularly in patients with autoimmune diseases. PMID- 3916001 TI - [History of the smooth muscle research in Japan]. PMID- 3916000 TI - [Ruggero Oddi and sphincter of Oddi: the retrospective and prospective views]. PMID- 3916002 TI - Charlton Henry Leland, M.D. 1829-1894. PMID- 3916004 TI - South Carolina medical reconstruction. PMID- 3916003 TI - Louis A. Buie, M.D. 1890-1975. PMID- 3916005 TI - Thomas Pearce Bailey, M.D., 1832-1904. PMID- 3916006 TI - Cornelius Kollock, M.D. 1824-1897. PMID- 3916007 TI - Hospitals during the Confederate period in South Carolina's medical history. PMID- 3916008 TI - South Carolina medicine and the sea. PMID- 3916009 TI - Charles R. Taber, M.D. 1837-1898. PMID- 3916010 TI - Joseph Hinsen Mellichamp, M.D. PMID- 3916011 TI - An historical sketch of proctology from ancient Egypt to modern South Carolina. PMID- 3916012 TI - Peter Gourdin Desaussure, 1857-1904. PMID- 3916013 TI - James Evans, M.D., 1831-1909. Engineer, physician, scholar and servant. PMID- 3916014 TI - Arrhythmias associated with myocardial ischaemia and infarction. PMID- 3916015 TI - [Serotonergic mechanisms in arterial hypertension. Physiological aspects]. PMID- 3916016 TI - [Prolonged treatment with ketanserin in essential hypertension and comparison with metoprolol]. PMID- 3916017 TI - [Fine needle aspiration puncture and renal puncture biopsy as complementary methods in the monitoring of renal transplantation]. PMID- 3916018 TI - [Immunohistochemical studies in thyroid follicular lesions. Thyroglobulin and thyroxine demonstration]. PMID- 3916019 TI - [Some historical and medical aspects of the assassination of Facundo Quiroga in Barranca Yaco]. PMID- 3916021 TI - The conventional crown and the RBR: a creative combination. PMID- 3916020 TI - Application of the newly devised transesophageal echocardiography during positive end-expiratory pressure. PMID- 3916022 TI - The Forest City Dental Society: an historical review. PMID- 3916023 TI - [Chemical structure of neuropeptides]. PMID- 3916024 TI - [Distribution of neuropeptides in the brain and spinal cord]. PMID- 3916025 TI - [Non-enzymatic glycosylation of proteins]. PMID- 3916026 TI - [DNA sequences necessary for the regulation of transcription by glucocorticoid hormones in eukaryotic cells]. PMID- 3916027 TI - An impromptu journey into history (M.E. Reade). PMID- 3916028 TI - ASORN: a historical sketch. PMID- 3916029 TI - Methods for detecting pulmonary edema. AB - Pulmonary edema appears to develop in three phases: after an initial injury to the lung, permeability of the air-blood barrier to water increases; a subsequent increase in movement of extra-vascular fluid; and finally, there is a significant increase in extravascular fluid volume (interstitial and alveolar). Ideally, early detection should monitor the initial phases of pulmonary edema, namely, the injury and the increased permeability. All established clinical and most of the research methods, however, monitor only the final or volume phase of the edema process. The chest radiograph is perhaps the most commonly used method for clinical detection of pulmonary edema, although it lacks the sensitivity for assessment of edema much before clinical signs are apparent. This paper reviews some of the clinical and research methods for detecting pulmonary edema with special emphasis on radiographic methods. PMID- 3916030 TI - Review of clinical experience in handling phosgene exposure cases. AB - In summary, we have described our method of treating phosgene inhalation injury. We have presented two serious cases in detail which demonstrate that survival was associated with aggressive therapy. Several points should be mentioned. The pulmonary edema and resulting fluid and foam production can be so copious as to overwhelm efforts to place an endotracheal tube. The solution is early intubation by the nearest experienced person at the first hint of edema or pulmonary failure. Adequate support of the patient's blood volume is imperative to avert hypovolemic shock and renal failure. A balloon flotation catheter is desirable to monitor pulmonary wedge pressure and avoid overload. Follow-up pulmonary function studies and chest x-rays are recommended 2-3 months after hospital discharge. We have not yet found a reliable test to determine which cases will progress to pulmonary edema. The LDH appears to be the only consistently elevated sign in more serious cases. Finally, we would like to make a plea for the sharing of information from instances of fatal phosgene injury so that the facts can be studied and applied to future cases. PMID- 3916031 TI - Therapeutic strategy in phosgene poisoning. AB - For the treatment of phosgene poisoning, glucocorticoids and positive pressure ventilation can be recommended as well as supporting measures such as physical rest, antitussives, buffers, sedatives, antibiotics, antispasmodics and possibly diuretics. Roentgenological evaluation of the lungs is advisable. A therapeutic strategy is presented which is based on the phosgene exposure intensity. PMID- 3916032 TI - Proceedings of the First Italy-U.S.A. Joint Conference on New Trends in Transplantation. May 30-June 1, 1985, Rome, Italy. PMID- 3916033 TI - The George M. Kober lecture. The legacy of John Hageman: new dividends. PMID- 3916034 TI - Presentation of the George M. Kober medal to Donald W. Seldin. PMID- 3916035 TI - Association of American Physicians. Directory. PMID- 3916036 TI - Direct inhibition of gonadotroph function by opiates. PMID- 3916037 TI - The evaluation of sensibility and the role of patient collaboration in clinimetric indexes. PMID- 3916038 TI - The role of membrane knobs in microvascular obstruction induced by Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes. PMID- 3916039 TI - The MLCu375 intrauterine contraceptive device. AB - Reports in the contraceptive literature and our own data concerning the MLCu375 intrauterine device indicate that the high-load ML model is effective, safe, and well tolerated. It is more effective than the MLCu250 without increase in the other cardinal event rates. Consequently, we consider the MLCu375 an improved ML model. PMID- 3916040 TI - Pelvic inflammatory disease, intrauterine contraception, and the conduct of epidemiologic studies. AB - Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) has been described in the medical literature for more than a century as a specific entity. Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, and Mycoplasma hominis, along with Bacteroides fragilis and other anaerobic bacteria, have been most frequently associated with PID. Factors affecting the occurrence of PID have been extensively studied during the past two decades and include number of sexual partners, age, race, socioeconomic status, education, and contraceptive method. As knowledge concerning factors that contribute to PID increases, epidemiologic studies addressing such issues must become increasingly sophisticated, and the literature needs to be re-evaluated in light of present knowledge. Various risk factors for PID, types of epidemiologic studies, methods for conducting such studies, and data interpretation are reviewed. PMID- 3916041 TI - Study of 16,16'-dimethyl-trans-delta 2 prostaglandin E1 methyl ester vaginal suppository for cervical dilatation in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. AB - In a double-blind placebo-controlled comparative study, 180 female patients were randomly assigned to groups and treated approximately 3 h before dilatation and curettage with either a single 1 mg vaginal suppository of Gemeprost or a matching placebo. The patient population included premenopausal non-pregnant or postmenopausal patients presenting at four participating centers in West Germany. Patients were monitored from the time of drug administration to approximately 24 h after the operation. A marked response to treatment with Gemeprost was noted at the general cervical assessment performed immediately prior to dilatation. A significant increase in diameter of the cervical canal was observed and subsequent mechanical dilatation was found to be significantly easier as a result of Gemeprost treatment. No differences between the response to treatment in premenopausal and postmenopausal patients were found in our interim analysis of 113 patients. The incidence of preoperative uterine pain increased with time as a result of Gemeprost treatment but it was predominantly mild and no analgesics were required. Gastrointestinal side-effects were rare and well tolerated in both treatment groups. This study indicates that Gemeprost is an effective, well tolerated preoperative cervical dilator/softener in non-pregnant patients. PMID- 3916042 TI - Hormonal indices of ovulation and the fertile period. PMID- 3916043 TI - Function of vitamin A in the respiratory tract. AB - Solid old and more recent evidence reviewed here suggests strongly that vitamin A (retinol) functions as a necessary factor for the initiation and maintenance of proper differentiation of tracheal and bronchopulmonary epithelium. Recent examinations of the vitamin A status of children born prematurely may help to design an improved nutritional management of these patients. PMID- 3916044 TI - Clinical uses of vitamin E. AB - Early administration of vitamin E to low birth weight (less than 1500 g) infants results in alleviation of the symptoms of retinopathy of prematurity and a lowered incidence of intraventricular hemorrhage. If vitamin E is given to children with cholestatic liver disease (orally or parenterally) before 3 years of age, neurological symptoms such as areflexia, ataxia, and sensory neuropathy are prevented or reversed. Restitution of neurological function is more limited in children ages 5-17 years even after prolonged therapy. Vitamin E is also useful in prevention of neuropathy and retinopathy associated with abetalipoproteinemia and cystic fibrosis. Blood levels of tocopherol are often low in subjects with hemolytic anemias. Administration of vitamin E to G-6-P-D deficient subjects increased hemoglobin levels, and decreased the number of irreversibly sickled cells in sickle-cell anemia subjects. Most trials have indicated that administration of vitamin E for 6 months or more to subjects with intermittent claudication results in longer walking distance and improved blood flow. Vitamin E reduces platelet aggregation, platelet adhesion to collagen, and platelet thromboxane production. Prostacyclin production is generally enhanced. The significance of these effects to thrombotic diseases. Epidemiological studies have indicated that subjects with higher blood levels of vitamin E have lower risk of death from ischemic heart disease and cancer, a lower risk of breast cancer, and a lower incidence of infections. PMID- 3916045 TI - Vitamin A deficiency and sensory function. AB - Morphological investigation of tongue, olfactory epithelia, trachea and inner ear in vitamin A deficiency are reported. The results support assumptions concerning the loss of sensory function as been at least a secondary effect of alterations of the neighbourhood of the sensory cells caused by vitamin A deficiency. Taste buds are hindered in function by a dense layer of squamous cells and olfaction is decreased by atrophy of the surrounding respiratory epithelium. Inner ear functionality seems to be affected by vitamin A status via a stabilizing effect on the endolymph-perilymph barrier. PMID- 3916046 TI - The biochemical and physiological role of vitamins A and E and their interactions. AB - The therapeutic applications of vitamin A and vitamin E are reviewed, with special references to their role in the retinal functions, epithelial differentiation and maintainance, deficiency due to liver diseases and malabsorption, antioxidant activity, membrane protection, and antiatherogenic function. The interference between the two vitamins and their synergism is discussed on the basis of the protective role of tocopherol on retinol. From experimental studies on chicken, a mathematical model linking the optimal plasma value of the two vitamins is obtained. PMID- 3916047 TI - [Vitamin A and vitamin E in dermatology]. AB - Vitamin A is necessary to maintain the integrity and the differentiation of epithelia of the skin and adnexa. Evident deficiency of vitamin A in chronic diseases, malabsorption and liver affections may result in skin xerosis, follicular keratosis, and metaplasia of mucous membranes. The remarkable toxicity of vitamin A in high doses does not recommend its usage in dermatology. On the contrary the employ of retinoids, synthetic derivatives of vitamin A, brings to excellent results. These vitamin A compounds are much more effective, even if they show important side-effects. Etretinate and isotretinoin are widely used in psoriasis, keratinization disorders, and severe acne. Vitamin E functions in skin biology are not totally known. Vitamin E is used in the treatment of dermolytic recessive epidermolysis bullosa, with controversial results. PMID- 3916048 TI - Effect of beta-carotene on mutagenic activity of some antineoplastics. AB - Mutagenic activity on Salmonella typhimurium strains of some cytostatic drugs in the absence and in the presence of beta-carotene was evaluated. Cyclophosphamide mutagenicity was reduced by the retinoid both in vitro and in vivo. Conversely, its metabolite 4'-hydroxy-cyclophosphamide, which does not require enzymatic transformation to exert genotoxic activity against bacteria, was not affected by the presence of beta-carotene. Moreover, the mutagenic activity of cis-Platinum, Adriamycin and 4'Epiadriamycin, which are typical direct-acting mutagens, was not affected by beta-carotene. Data obtained confirm that beta-carotene is able to prevent mutagenic activity of cyclophosphamide by interfering with its metabolic activation but failed to inhibit the interaction of genotoxic compounds with bacterial DNA. PMID- 3916049 TI - [Clinical use of vitamin A and E in gynecology]. AB - Dysplasia is an alteration of organ and tissues cellular composition. It means quantitative and qualitative variations (differentiation) of the cells. More recently many Authors have investigated about epithelial neoplasia (breast, cervix, lung, respiratory tract, bladder, colon) and dysplastic epithelial processes and about their medical treatment and prevention of potentially transformative lesions. The view that certain vitamins such as vitamin A (in the form of retinol or its precursor beta-carotene) and vitamin E may protect against the risk of cancer has recently attracted much scientific attention. The potential use of retinoids (and alpha tocopherol) for chemoprevention has been demonstrated by numerous recent experiences. In gynaecology there are no evidence of therapeutical investigations about endometrial and ovarian dysplastic lesions, and then about protective role for consequent neoplasia development. Regarding cervical cancer there are only epidemiological retrospective data about dietary intake of vitamin A. The clinical trial is insufficient, perhaps for technical difficulties of administration, but we hope to obtain satisfactory results in the future. Benign breast disease, instead, so present in woman's life (in particular in fertile phase) is the most common clinical syndrome encompassing several distinct histopathological varieties. BBD is associated with an increase in breast cancer risk, particularly related to the presence of epithelial hyperplasia. In our study (collaborative study; University of L'Aquila- University of Rome) we have treated a group of women (double-blind trial) affected by breast dysplasia, with vitamin A and E association to evaluate the effectiveness of retinoids and alpha-tocopherol in reducing or resolving clinical palpable breast findings (with pain, tension, nodularity and instrumental patterns).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3916051 TI - Bioassays. Patents and literature. PMID- 3916052 TI - [Construction of an onlay core using a direct technic with an autopolymerizing resin]. PMID- 3916050 TI - Affinity separation. Patents and literature. PMID- 3916053 TI - The role of the prostacyclin-thromboxane system in the genesis of coronary spasm. PMID- 3916054 TI - Follow-up studies after streptokinase for acute coronary thrombosis: status in 1983. PMID- 3916055 TI - Transrectal ultrasonography of the prostate and prostate cancer--an update. AB - Accurate clinical staging of localized prostate cancer is hampered by limited visualization of the prostate with conventional techniques of diagnostic imaging. Palpation of the prostate is also notoriously poor as a staging procedure. Since its first clinical use in the late 1960s transrectal ultrasonography has become a useful and practical means of determining the presence and nature of diseases of the prostate. The purpose of this discussion is the review of recent advances in the application and results of transrectal ultrasonography in the diagnosis, staging, treatment, and determination of response to treatment in prostate cancer. PMID- 3916056 TI - Treated prostatic carcinoma. Histological, immunohistochemical and cell kinetic studies. AB - Classification, histological and cytological grading of prostatic carcinomas, as well as the exact determination of the tumor stage, are the decisive criteria for the therapy to be followed. 163 morphological control examinations were analyzed for a period of 5 years on 97 patients before, under and after hormonal or radiotherapy. 57% of the controlled prostatic carcinomas were uniformly glandular, or predominantly glandular, i.e., of pluriform structure, malignity grade Ib/IIa. 41% corresponded to cribriform and solid trabecular carcinomas with grade IIa, IIb and III. Under hormonal therapy, the typical epithelial and stromal changes were evident, like coarse vacuolization of cytoplasm, progressive nuclear pyknosis, stroma edema, as well as stroma sclerosis and hyalinosis. Under radiotherapy, the degree of stroma sclerosis and nuclear changes was even more evident. Polynuclear, bizarre tumor cells predominated. With responsiveness of the carcinomas to hormonal or radiotherapy, the immunohistochemical markers (prostate-specific antigen, acid prostate phosphatase) were markedly reduced or missing. Glandular carcinomas, up to 5 years after therapy, showed regression grade I in 30.1%, II in 18.3, III in 43.0% and X in 8.6%. In cribriform/solid trabecular carcinomas, the regression was less marked. Grade I was observed in 42.9%, grade II in 21.4%, and grade III in 35.7% of the cases. There was no regression grade X. The results have shown that responsiveness of carcinomas to therapy can well be analyzed by use of certain histological and cytological criteria for grading and regressional grading. The experiences so far have shown that concerning radiation, 12-18 months after conclusion of therapy is a favorable moment for posttherapy controls. Under hormonal therapy, the therapy control should be performed 6 months after beginning. The same applies for cytological therapy controls. PMID- 3916057 TI - Effect of hyperthermia on the radiation response of Chinese hamster small intestine. AB - The Chinese hamster small intestine was surgically exteriorised from the ligament of Trietz to the ileocaecal junction and heated for 8 min at 44.3 degrees C (a non-lethal dose) at various intervals before or after whole-body 60Co irradiation. Hyperthermia exposure immediately after irradiation reduced the LD50/7 from the control of 1,230 cGy to 798 cGy (thermal enhancement ratio, TER, of 1.5). At an interval between irradiation and hyperthermia of 2 h the LD50/7 was 935 cGy, and it remained at that value for intervals of 2-24 h. The increase in the LD50/7 by 2 hours after irradiation probably represents the repair of radiation damage that can interact with hyperthermia, and after two hours the two modalities interact independently. When the small intestine was exposed to 44.3 degrees C hyperthermia immediately prior to irradiation, the LD50/7 was reduced to 658 cGy (TER = 1.8). As hyperthermia and radiation treatments were separated the LD50/7 returned to the control value by 24 h and was unchanged over 24-72 h. This indicates that by 24 h, recovery from hyperthermia damage that could interact with radiation damage was complete. For the sequence hyperthermia--- radiation, 33% of the hyperthermia damage was repaired by 1 h; whereas for radiation----hyperthermia, 85% of the radiation damage was repaired by 1 h. The sequence-dependent interaction of hyperthermia and radiation damage in normal tissues is complex, but the kinetics of interaction for the sequence radiation--- hyperthermia seem to be predictable for several normal tissues in different species. PMID- 3916058 TI - Hepatic artery aneurysm following pancreatitis diagnosed by ultrasound. PMID- 3916059 TI - A case of adult polycystic and multicystic dysplastic kidney in a child. PMID- 3916060 TI - Proceedings of the British Institute of Radiology. Radiology '85: Forty-third annual congress and scientific exhibition. Manchester, April 17-19, 1985. Abstracts. PMID- 3916061 TI - Iohexol versus iopamidol for cervical myelography: a randomised double blind study. AB - A randomised double blind trial of iohexol and iopamidol in cervical myelography by both lumbar puncture and direct puncture techniques is reported in one hundred consecutive patients. All patients had EEG examination before and 6-8 h after the myelogram and for each a questionnaire regarding adverse reactions was completed at set intervals. The side effects, radiographic quality of the examination and production of sharp wave activity on EEG were equivalent in the iohexol and iopamidol series. Contrary to previous reports, we consider that iohexol and iopamidol are equally acceptable for all forms of myelography. PMID- 3916062 TI - Excision biopsy of the spleen by ultrasonic guidance. AB - Excision biopsy of the spleen was performed in 32 patients, using a recently invented instrument, which consists of a spring-trigger system for firing the two parts of a Tru-Cut needle. The biopsies were carried out under the guidance of an ultrasonic scanner. This technique yields sufficient material of high quality for a proper evaluation both of individual cells and the internal structure of the spleen. Eight patients had parenchymal abnormalities found by ultrasonic scanning: five had multiple abnormalities whereas three had a single abnormal area. Seven of these eight patients had a pathological spleen biopsy, consisting of Hodgkin's disease (four patients), "high-grade" malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (two patients) or tuberculosis (one patient). In the other 24 patients with a normal ultrasonic picture of the splenic parenchyma five biopsies were pathological (3 cases of hairy-cell leukaemia, 1 of Gaucher's disease and 1 of Hodgkin's disease). Side-effects were: slight to moderate pain (16/32 patients) and bleeding requiring transfusion (4/32 patients). In one of these patients splenectomy was performed because of the bleeding. Two of the patients with bleeding complications suffered from hairy-cell leukaemia. It is concluded from this study that excision biopsy of the spleen is a diagnostic method which in some patients can replace splenectomy. The method seems to be valuable especially in patients with parenchymal abnormalities shown by ultrasonic scanning. PMID- 3916063 TI - Real time ultrasonic evaluation of the paediatric abdomen: technique and anatomical variations. A personal view. AB - Most of the paediatric abdomen can be evaluated ultrasonically by a real-time subcostal approach. A basic technique is given using four standard sites. The anatomy that is visualised at these sites is described in simple detail. The major differences between adults and children are listed. Problems of recognition between normal and paediatric variations are commented on, and size measurements of various organs at different ages are tabulated. PMID- 3916064 TI - A clinical trial of automatic gain control in abdominal ultrasound. AB - Large errors can occur with time gain compensation which is set up manually. These errors occur since basic time gain compensation usually assumes that the tissues being scanned are uniform. Automatic gain control has been somewhat neglected, probably due to a lack of clinical confirmation of its value and reliability. The trial of a commercial automatic gain control system in routine abdominal work has demonstrated that for 90% of patients it is capable of producing images as good as, or better than, the basic gain controls while involving the operator in fewer control manipulations. PMID- 3916065 TI - The removal of a "cupping" artefact from brain images produced by the EMI 7070 CT scanner. AB - Brain images produced on the EMI 7070 scanner exhibit a "cupping" artefact due to a combination of beam hardening and scatter effects. The magnitude of the artefact is assessed by statistically analysing a series of concentric regions of interest in the final image. Once the magnitude has been determined it can be subtracted from the image. While the result of the technique does not modify the clinical analysis of images it does increase the observer's appreciation of the image. Both the technique and clinical results are presented, and the implications of this type of reconstruction artefact removal discussed. PMID- 3916066 TI - Anti-lipopolysaccharide toxin therapy for whole body X-irradiation overdose. AB - Death in humans from ionising radiation overexposure in the 3-8 Gy (300-800 rad) range is in part due to the toxaemia caused by the entry of gram-negative bacteria and/or their lipopolysaccharide toxin (LPS) into the blood circulation through the walls of partially denuded gut. Anti-LPS hyperimmune equine plasma was evaluated for its ability to lower irradiation-induced lethality. Mice were irradiated with 6.3 Gy (630 rad) and six days later received equine Anti-LPS hyperimmune plasma, control plasma or saline. Mortalities in the three groups were 58%, 92% and 79% (p less than 0.01) respectively. Thus Anti-LPS may prove useful as an adjunct to conventional therapy in treating radiation sickness. PMID- 3916067 TI - False and true aneurysms of the renal artery after kidney transplantation. A report of two cases. PMID- 3916068 TI - Haemorrhagic cystitis emphysematosa. PMID- 3916069 TI - Ultrasound and CT demonstration of primary angiosarcoma of the spleen. PMID- 3916070 TI - Sonographic changes of hydatid cyst of the liver after treatment with mebendazole and albendazole. PMID- 3916071 TI - Ultrasound in the diagnosis of granulomatous orchitis. PMID- 3916072 TI - Ultrasound imaging for radiotherapy computer treatment planning and the serial measurement of tumour response. PMID- 3916073 TI - Irradiation depresses prostacyclin generation upon stimulation with the platelet derived growth factor. AB - Experimental and clinical findings demonstrated rather severe arterial lesions occurring in irradiated arteries. It is suggested that a local haemostatic imbalance might be one causative factor. Liberation of PDGF causes smooth-muscle cell proliferation and PGI2 formation by the arterial wall cells, inhibiting in turn further release of PDGF from the alpha granules of the platelets. A decreased ability of irradiated vascular segments to generate PGI2 upon PDGF stimulation described here might cause haemostatic imbalance and subsequent radiation-induced lesions. PMID- 3916074 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance tomography of the orbit at 3.4 MHz. AB - The significantly different signals from the various structures within the orbit suggest that NMR tomography will prove to be a valuable method for the diagnosis of both ocular and orbital disease. The resolution of the technique is initially illustrated by the demonstration of the signal patterns from the normal globe and orbit. The characteristic features of some pathological conditions, including vitreous haemorrhage and retinal detachment, are then shown. The value and limitations of the technique in differentiating conditions such as choroidal haemorrhage from malignant melanoma, and intra-orbital lymphoma from pseudo tumour, are illustrated and discussed. The absence of artefact from bone, synthetic lens implants and non-ferromagnetic metallic foreign bodies is stressed. PMID- 3916075 TI - The value of the Radial Head-Capitellum view in radial head trauma. AB - The value of the Radial Head-Capitellum view has been assessed in a series of 28 consecutive cases of radial head fracture. Additional useful information was obtained in 21% of cases. The Radial Head-Capitellum view may be a valuable additional view in assessing radial head trauma. PMID- 3916076 TI - Spontaneous rupture of renal angiomyolipoma with perinephric haemorrhage: sonographic findings. AB - The sonographic findings observed in four patients with spontaneous rupture of a renal angiomyolipoma and perinephric haemorrhage are presented. In all cases, a hyperechoic renal mass surrounded by a large hypoechoic haematoma was identified. Furthermore, the actual site of rupture of the tumour could be seen in one case as a wedge-shaped hypoechoic structure extending from the periphery to the centre of the mass. CT has been suggested as the method of choice in the assessment of both the presence and extent of haemorrhagic complications of angiomyolipomas. However, since such lesions can be demonstrated and identified by ultrasound, which is often used as the first imaging procedure in abdominal complaints, the technique may also prove of value in planning further diagnostic tests and in choosing the appropriate therapeutic approach to these patients. PMID- 3916077 TI - A preliminary investigation of dynamic transmission computed tomography for measurements of arterial flow and tumour perfusion. AB - An assessment of the meaning and accuracy of CT numbers in dynamic CT has been made using data obtained from both phantom and patient investigations. Following an injection of contrast material, a series of 5-s scans (at 125 kVp, 230 mAs) were taken of the same slice at a rate of 6 scans min-1 using a Siemens Somatom 2 scanner. In order to study rapid changes of CT number, each 5-s scan was split into three segmented and overlapping images of 3-s duration. The variation of the mean CT number within small regions of interest (ROIs) were displayed as density time curves and the errors associated with the artery and tumour curves were studied. In order to investigate the errors in the arterial curve which are associated with the timing sequence, blood flow through a large vessel was simulated in an experimental model. The results show that the largest error is associated with the peak CT value but this error can be reduced by a factor of approximately 2 if the images are split. Dynamic CT has been carried out on six patients with retroperitoneal or pelvic lesions in a preliminary study to investigate its use as a tool for monitoring the effectiveness of therapy. The results demonstrate that this technique can provide useful information regarding tumour vascularity and perfusion. In the studies on patients, a large spread in the CT numbers within a ROI was found to be a useful indicator of an uneven iodine distribution. For example, in two tumours, necrotic centres which were not apparent on the pre-contrast scan were identified from the dynamic study. PMID- 3916078 TI - The output of pulse-echo ultrasound equipment: a survey of powers, pressures and intensities. AB - A survey of the powers, pressures and intensities generated by ultrasonic pulse echo equipment in clinical use has been carried out. Three conventional B scanners, four linear-array scanners and four mechanically sectored scanners were included in the study. Measurements were made on a total of 22 transducers covering the nominal frequency range 2.25-7.5 MHz. On those instruments where an output power control was provided, two measurements were made: one at the maximum available power and a second at a lower power. On arrays with a variable transmit focus control, measurements were made at all available focus settings. In all, measurements were made on 38 separate focused pulsed ultrasonic fields. The measurements were carried out using a calibrated ultrasonic force balance, and a calibrated polyvinylidene difluoride (PVdF) membrane hydrophone. A very wide range of maximum powers, pressures and intensities were found. Powers from 0.5-80 mW were measured; spatial-average temporal-peak positive pressures at the transducer varied between 30 kPa and 1.15 MPa, and spatial-peak pulse-average intensities were in the range 3.6 X 10(3)-1.1 X 10(7) Wm-2. PMID- 3916079 TI - The diagnosis of human tumours with monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 3916080 TI - Surface immunoglobulin of B-lymphocytic tumours as a therapeutic target. AB - The surface immunoglobulin of B-lymphocytic tumours is well characterized at the molecular level and in its idiotypic determinants offers antigenic targets which are effectively tumour-specific. Anti-idiotype antibodies raised individually for each tumour have been used for passive serotherapy in animals and man. The advent of monoclonal technology has added further precision, and can readily provide the large quantities of antibody which might sometimes be necessary. However, the therapeutic use of unmodified anti-idiotype has yielded a significant remission in only a minority of cases. Some factors thwarting the antibody can be readily identified; prominent among these are extracellular idiotypic immunoglobulin and antigenic modulation. Another major factor is our ignorance of appropriate effector mechanisms to be recruited, with one candidate mechanism being the activation of immunological suppressor circuits. Without such knowledge there is a large arbitrary element in the selection of antibody isotype, doses and schedules. Some groups suspect that antibody derivatives will eventually prove more effective than the native molecules. Univalent, chimeric univalent and toxin bearing antibodies are among those being investigated. Monoclonal and molecular genetic technologies may play an increasing role in the engineering of such derivatives. The fast-growing animal lymphomas presently available as models cannot mimic more than a tiny fraction of human lymphomas. So the arena in which antibody therapy of B lymphoma will be decided is the clinic. Here the relatively innocuous nature of antibody treatment is a tremendous boon. However, with the mechanisms involved being multiple, complex and only partially understood we are unlikely to be favoured with rapid answers. PMID- 3916081 TI - Carbohydrate antigens in human cancer. AB - Studies with naturally occurring and hybridoma-derived monoclonal antibodies have shown that surface and secreted antigens which distinguish human tumour cells from their normal counterparts are predominantly carbohydrate structures. Many of these belong to a family which includes the major blood-group antigens. In fact, the blood-group genes and the related secretor gene account for the individual and tissue-specific patterns of expression of several carbohydrate antigens as normal or as tumour-associated antigens. The biochemical basis of the tumour associated changes requires investigation. In particular, it will be important to determine whether they are the result of aberrant expression of the glycosyltransferase genes. Their contribution to the disordered growth regulation in tumour cells will also be important to assess, particularly as the blood group family of oligosaccharides are among major antigenic components of the receptor for epidermal growth factor. Monoclonal antibodies to carbohydrate structures have opened new avenues of research into the biochemistry of tumour cells. PMID- 3916082 TI - Human tumour-associated antigens: targets for monoclonal antibody-mediated cancer therapy. PMID- 3916083 TI - The immunobiology of ultraviolet-radiation carcinogenesis. PMID- 3916085 TI - Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. PMID- 3916084 TI - Henry S. Kaplan 1918-1984: a physician, a scientist, a friend. PMID- 3916086 TI - The concept, evolution and preliminary results of the current Stanford clinical trials for Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 3916087 TI - Endomyocardial biopsy. AB - Endomyocardial biopsy is an accepted, useful invasive tool for the analysis of human endomyocardium at the cellular and subcellular levels. It is applicable in the evaluation of specific diseases including cardiac allograft rejection, myocarditis, anthracycline cardiotoxicity, and infiltrative cardiomyopathies. The procedure can be performed in a cardiac catheterization room on an outpatient basis. The technique is quite safe when performed by trained cardiologists. Left ventricular biopsies are also safe but require systemic heparinization to prevent thromboembolization. The clinical indications for performing an endomyocardial biopsy include routine followup and suspected rejection of cardiac allograft, suspected myocarditis, monitoring or diagnosis of suspected anthracycline cardiotoxicity, and suspected secondary cardiomyopathies. Left ventricular endomyocardial biopsy is indicated for diseases that predominantly involve the left side of the heart, including left heart irradiation, cardiac fibroelastosis in infants, endomyocardial fibrosis, and scleroderma heart disease, and when right ventricular biopsy is unsuccessful. Endomyocardial biopsy is increasingly being used for research in the areas of tissue biochemistry, primary and valvular cardiomyopathies, immunology, beta receptor enzymology, drug interactions, and myocardial fibrosis. Endomyocardial biopsy has not been shown to be clinically useful in the evaluation of primary, dilated, hypertrophic, or alcoholic cardiomyopathies. These disease processes all lack pathognomomic microscopic abnormalities, and subclassification has neither been successful nor therapeutically useful. In addition, this technique is limited in diagnosing any cardiac abnormality that is not diffuse, inasmuch as only a few samples of the endomyocardial layer are obtained for evaluation. Therefore, a negative biopsy result is not 100 percent specific in excluding certain diseases. A further limitation of this technique is the need for an experienced cardiac pathologist who is well versed in interpretation of biopsy specimens. Finally, there should be a sufficiently large case load to train and to maintain skilled practitioners so that the procedure can be performed with little risk. The role of endomyocardial biopsy will continue to expand as research continues to find more uses for the technique and as more clinicians become skilled in its use. PMID- 3916088 TI - Evaluation of valvular heart disease by invasive methods. AB - The need for and the design of invasive procedures in patients with valvular heart disease should be based on the careful evaluation of the patient with history, physical examination, and appropriate noninvasive testing. The number of parameters measured, angiograms performed, and interventions performed during catheterization is determined by the suspected pathology and the clinical status of the patient. The ability to amend the planned sequence and number of measurements as the study progresses must be preserved, so that the most useful data to be used in patient management can be obtained. Knowledge of the limitations as well as the advantages of each technique is necessary to obtain the most accurate data and to interpret the results obtained. It must be recognized that invasive procedures will not always answer all the questions and, in fact, may raise new ones. They are, however, an indispensible part of the evaluation of patients with valvular heart disease, as most surgical and many medical decisions cannot be made without them. PMID- 3916089 TI - Percutaneous intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation. PMID- 3916090 TI - Digital subtraction angiography in the evaluation of cardiac disease. PMID- 3916091 TI - Provocative testing for coronary artery spasm. PMID- 3916092 TI - Patient, specimen and analysis as potential sources of error. PMID- 3916093 TI - The renal unit. PMID- 3916094 TI - Serum IgG and IgA antibodies specific for Chlamydia trachomatis in salpingitis patients as determined by the immunoperoxidase assay. AB - The feasibility of applying elevated Chlamydia trachomatis specific IgG antibody and serum IgA antibodies as a non-invasive screening test for C. trachomatis associated salpingitis was analysed in 54 salpingitis patients and 294 apparently healthy women by the single antigen (L2) immunoperoxidase assay (IPA). The prevalence rate of C. trachomatis IgG antibody (titre greater than or equal to 64) was significantly higher in the salpingitis patients in comparison to control (67% versus 23%). The prevalence rate of elevated C. trachomatis IgG titres (greater than or equal to 128, greater than or equal to 256 and greater than or equal to 512) was significantly higher in the salpingitis patients as compared to the controls. For example, at an IgG titre of greater than or equal to 128 the prevalence rate was 57% in the salpingitis patients and 8% in the healthy controls (p less than 0.0001). The prevalence of C. trachomatis IgA antibodies (titre greater than or equal to 16) was significantly higher in salpingitis patients in comparison to controls (37% versus 4%). The prevalence of elevated IgA titres (greater than or equal to 32 and greater than or equal to 64) was found to be significantly higher in salpingitis patients as compared to controls. All the IgG seropositive salpingitis patients were also found to have C. trachomatis IgG antibodies. It appears that testing for IgG antibodies at a serum dilution of 1:128, and for IgA antibodies at a dilution of 1:16 by the IPA test comprises the best combination for the differentiation between the salpingitis patients and apparently healthy controls, and it is suggested that this be used as a marker of active C. trachomatis infection. PMID- 3916095 TI - Incidence of Mediterranean spotted fever in Sardinia in the years 1982-1984. AB - In this work the incidence of Mediterranean spotted fever in the Borough of Cagliari (Sardinia) over the years 1982-1984 is evaluated. Our data show both an overall decrease of the incidence of the disease during this period of time with respect to the year 1980 and a significant reduction in the last year. In addition, the present study confirms the greater reliability of Immunofluorescence respect to the Weil-Felix reaction in revealing Mediterranean spotted fever. Finally we show a marked incidence of significant anti-Rickettsia conori antibodies in apparently healthy individuals, which stresses the not uncommon occurrence of subclinical infection. PMID- 3916096 TI - Fascioliasis in Spain: a review of the literature and personal observations. AB - The fascioliasis induced by Fasciola hepatica is a syndrome which has still not been fully clarified in this country, though the different peninsular regions are suitable for completion of the life cycle of the worm; infested animals may found throughout these regions and in almost all of them human fascioliasis has been diagnosed, with the greatest incidence in the Basque Country, Navarra and La Rioja. This greater appearance is probably related to the dietary habits in those areas, since the consumption of water cress is undoubtedly the principal source of contamination and is entirely responsible for the rest of the epidemiology of the diseases in humans. In the cases studied, the clinical symptoms did not differ from those habitually found in this syndrome. Serological methods have resolved the diagnosis in the acute phase of the disease and furthermore are of great use for monitoring post-treatment evolution. The cases studied by this Department were diagnosed with immunodiffusion, haemagglutination and immunoelectrophoresis techniques and the evolution of the patients was also followed by immunodiffusion and haemagglutination. PMID- 3916097 TI - Cryptosporidiosis in humans: review of recent epidemiologic studies. AB - Since 1976, when Cryptosporidium was first recognized as a human pathogen, understanding of the epidemiology of this protozoan parasite has increased substantially. This review discusses 14 recently published studies of the occurrence of cryptosporidiosis in developed and developing countries and compares their findings with those of previous epidemiologic reports. These studies show that cryptosporidiosis is an important public health problem worldwide. Although cryptosporidiosis was first recognized as a problem in immunosuppressed patients, persons with normal immunologic function are also affected. This appears to be especially true for children in developing countries; of 1035 children with diarrhea reported in several surveys, 79 (7.6%) had Cryptosporidium. Findings from studies that included both asymptomatic as well as symptomatic persons have demonstrated that Cryptosporidium infections are rare in persons without symptoms, suggesting that Cryptosporidium should not be thought of as an opportunistic parasite. Early studies documented the potential for animal-to-human transmission of Cryptosporidium, but it is now clear that many, perhaps most, Cryptosporidium infections in humans are not acquired directly from infected animals. Although alternate modes of transmission are just beginning to be explored, evidence indicates that person-to-person spread is important. PMID- 3916098 TI - A study on the incidence of nosocomial infections in a large university hospital. AB - The results of a study on the incidence of nosocomial infections in a 1800 bed University hospital are reported. The study, carried out over a 9 months period, included: continuous microbiological surveillance, and a clinical and epidemiological survey. On the basis of the microbiological data collected and analyzed by a computer data system, developed and employed for the control of nosocomial infections, a weekly bed-to-bed survey was carried out by the staff of the Institute of Infectious Diseases. Among 2777 suspected nosocomial infections, as revealed by microbiological monitoring, 701 were confirmed after the bed-to bed survey. The nosocomial infection rate was 6.75 per 100 discharges. It was higher in the surgical than in the medical wards (7.3 and 6 per 100 discharges, respectively). Nosocomial urinary tract infections were the most frequent (74.2%). The urinary infection rate was higher in the surgical than in the medical wards (5.3 and 4.6 per 100 discharges, respectively). Escherichia coli (19.4%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (19.3%), Proteus spp. (18.4%) were the pathogens most frequently associated with nosocomial infections. They were followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (7.8%) and Staphylococcus aureus (6.5%) in frequency. Among the risk factors, involved in nosocomial infections, the importance of catheterization was confirmed: among our patients with nosocomial urinary tract infections, 73.4% and 79.5%--in the medical and surgical wards, respectively- underwent urological instrumentation, mainly catheterization. An analogous and more detailed study is now in progress and will be extended in the next years. PMID- 3916099 TI - [Profile of the Mexican physician]. PMID- 3916100 TI - [Medicine in Mexico]. PMID- 3916101 TI - [Profile of the teaching physician]. PMID- 3916102 TI - [Physicians and the arts in the 19th century]. PMID- 3916103 TI - Cranial deformations in prehistoric populations of Kentucky. PMID- 3916104 TI - The rod or staff of Asclepius. PMID- 3916105 TI - Cell sorting of lymphocyte subpopulations by biotinylated antibody and avidin Sepharose beads. AB - A method has been developed to divide lymphocyte populations into subsets based on the affinity of avidin for biotinylated antibodies. Murine splenic lymphocytes were mixed with biotin-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin, Thy-1 or anti-Lyt antibodies. Cells bound by these reagents were adsorbed to avidin-sepharose beads and by this negative selection procedure effluent cell populations enriched for T cells, B cells or Lyt subsets were prepared reproducibly and rapidly. PMID- 3916106 TI - [Shortening of recovery time by postanesthetic use of doxapram HCL]. PMID- 3916107 TI - [Anesthetics and cerebral blood flow]. PMID- 3916109 TI - Physician characteristics and organizational factors influencing use of ambulatory tests. AB - A number of studies have suggested that there is considerable variation in the frequency with which physicians order particular tests. This paper reviews the relationship of variations in ambulatory testing to characteristics of physicians' training and practice; and organizational factors such as physician group size, method of reimbursement, and ease of access to technical services. Results from previous investigations suggest that specialty training, more recent physician graduation, and large group practice settings are associated with significantly higher test use. Information available about other physician characteristics and organizational factors is equivocal. The extent of variations in practice has important implications for the cost and quality of medical care. Greater effort should be made to document the effects of nonmedical factors and to clarify how those effects are mediated and how they might be modified to improve the use of medical resources. PMID- 3916108 TI - [The pathogenesis of adult respiratory distress syndrome]. PMID- 3916111 TI - MEDLARS and EXCERPTA MEDICA. PMID- 3916110 TI - A structural method to guide test evaluation. AB - This paper describes a conceptual framework to guide the evaluation of diagnostic tests in medicine. The framework systematically generates questions about possible test uses and factors that can modify their value. PMID- 3916112 TI - A few weeks with an on-line retrieval service. PMID- 3916113 TI - Computer-assisted instruction for physicians. PMID- 3916114 TI - PaperChase: a program to search the medical literature. PMID- 3916115 TI - Minimycin: a miniature rule-based system. PMID- 3916116 TI - A directory of medical software companies. PMID- 3916117 TI - Basic history misrepresented? PMID- 3916118 TI - [Amrinone in the treatment of severe cardiac insufficiency]. PMID- 3916119 TI - [Hemodynamic effect of a calcium channel blocker agent (nifedipine) in arterial hypertension]. PMID- 3916120 TI - [Renal osteodystrophy: considerations on its etiopathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment]. PMID- 3916121 TI - [Renin secreting tumor and urinary excretion of kallikrein]. PMID- 3916122 TI - Autoimmune response against myocardial tissue in Chagas' disease. PMID- 3916123 TI - [Intestinal hemorrhage due to tuberculosis in a patient with a kidney transplant]. PMID- 3916124 TI - [Cyclosporin A: a new immunosuppressive agent in renal transplantation]. PMID- 3916125 TI - Ultrastructural and metabolic alteration in dyskinetoplastic Trypanosoma cruzi. PMID- 3916126 TI - A century of early development and supply of nurses in Nigeria 1850-1950: concluding series. PMID- 3916127 TI - Ligand--receptor interactions: facts and fantasies. PMID- 3916128 TI - [The role of intermolecular forces in the retention of complete dentures]. PMID- 3916130 TI - [A survey of the methods of posterior palatal seal preparation for complete upper dentures]. PMID- 3916129 TI - [Psychological aspects of the physician-patient relations in denture treatment]. PMID- 3916131 TI - [Purpose and basis for prosthetic treatment in periodontal disease]. PMID- 3916132 TI - Results of the development of a procedure for molecular coupling of tooth-shaded plastics to alloy surfaces in crown and bridge technology. PMID- 3916133 TI - [The loading of the periodontium in prosthetic treatment]. PMID- 3916134 TI - [Objective critical trials of clinical research]. PMID- 3916135 TI - [Discussion with the patient of the prosthetic treatment strategy]. PMID- 3916137 TI - [Cytological and histological preparations without cover slips]. PMID- 3916136 TI - [Intraoperative echography]. PMID- 3916138 TI - Guinea pig allergy tests: an overview. PMID- 3916140 TI - Development of pediatric oncology in Australia. PMID- 3916139 TI - [An echographic, serologic and radiologic register of human hydatidosis. Contributions to a control program]. AB - Between June and November 1984, 904 asymptomatic people from endemic areas of hydatidosis in Rio Negro, Argentina, were studied by means of ultrasonography (U.S.) and double diffusion for arc five (dd5). The population included 272 inhabitants from Pilcaniyeu, 55 patients from the Zonal Bariloche Hospital admitted for diseases other than hydatidosis and 577 recruits from different departments of the Rio Negro Province. A chest X-ray was performed in every recruits. 47 (5.20%) cases of hepatic hydatidosis were detected by U.S.; 11 (1.22%) were detected by dd5 (p 0.01); 2 (0.34%) were detected by chest X-ray. Due to the low sensitivity of dd5 a presumptive diagnosis of hydatidosis should be made in every patient proceeding from an endemic area with a liver cyst diagnosed by ultrasound, even if dd5 is negative. U.S. must be incorporated as an elective method associated with chest X-ray and dd5 in epidemiological yielding and monitoring of control programs for hydatidosis. PMID- 3916141 TI - [Morphogenesis of the tubo-uterine junction in the human fetus]. AB - The utero-tubal junction morphology has been analysed by means of the uterus and tubes study of 37 human foetuses and new-born infants between the 15th gestational week and the 3rd life week. Being difficult to identify it before the 20th gestational week, it is possible to recognize the uterotubal junction by the muscular fibers traject, as well as by the arrangement of the reticuline fibers and mesenchymal cells of the submucosa. During the previously reported period we haven't observed any sphincterian structure at the utero-tubal junction level; thus, we believe that the closure mechanism is purely functional one. PMID- 3916142 TI - [Dimensions of the human scapula]. AB - The study of human scapula dimensions is carried out on 110 scapulas of european adults. The statistical analysis of the results concerning the maximum height of the scapula, as well as those of the supraspinous and infraspinous fossa, and also the medial angle, show the absence of statistically significant difference between right and left sides. PMID- 3916143 TI - [Vascularization of the tela choroidea of the prosencephalon in the cat (Felis domestica)]. AB - The tela choroidea of the prosencephalon in cat is vascularized by an anterior choroidal artery arising from the carotid system and by a posterior choroidal artery arising from the vertebral basilar system. The first essentially supplies the tela and the choroid plexus of the lateral ventricle. The second above all supplies the tela choroidea of the third ventricle. Both, the anterior and posterior choroidal arteries anastomose with their terminal branches. The choroidal branches which arise from these arteries nourish the capillary networks of the tela. These vessels drain into venules and veins which are tributary of the venous circle of the base and of the internal cerebral veins. PMID- 3916144 TI - Sensory nerve endings in the peroneus tertius muscle of the ass and horse: a functional hypothesis. AB - The various types of sensory nerve endings found in the peroneus tertius muscle in the ass and in the horse have been studied with Ruffini's gold chloride method. Free nerve endings have been described as well as encapsulated receptors. These corpuscles are classified as Pacini-like, Ruffini's terminations and also Golgi's tendon-organs. The authors have pointed out the morphology, topography and structural characteristics of the above named nervous terminations and have hypothesized that a probable functional relation existed between these nervous corpuscles and the considered tendinous structure. PMID- 3916145 TI - Effects of metopirone on the pars distalis, the interrenal gland and the testis of the frog, Rana cyanophlyctis (Schn.). AB - Administration (i.m.) of metopirone (2.5 mg/frog/day for 10 days) to adult male frog, R. cyanophlyctis, resulted in marked degranulation and hypertrophy of B3 cells and a moderate degranulation of B2 cells of the pars distalis. Concomitantly, there was hypertrophy of the interrenal cells and regression of the Leydig cells, however spermatogenesis was not affected. The results suggest a functional correlation between pituitary B cells and the interrenals in R. cyanophlyctis. PMID- 3916146 TI - [Effects of castration on the development of the juxtaglomerular apparatus in the albino rat during growth]. AB - With the purpose to show a possible sexual difference in the evolution of the juxtaglomerular granular cells during the albino rat post-natal development, the authors have compared groups of male and female animals of crescent ages from 2 to 90 days old. During the first 30 days, the granulation indexes, which express the secretory activity of the Ruyter cells, are regularly increasing as the body and renal weights. On and after the 30th day, the growth becomes more important for males than for females but, in spite of these weight differences, the granulation indexes are not significantly different in terms of sex, at the same age. In order to control these results, castrations have been performed during the period of granular cells increase, on the 17th day of life. The comparison of castrated and uncastrated animals on the 35th day shows that castration causes repercussions on the body and renal growth. On the other hand, no significant modification of the granulation indexes occurs, which brings the demonstration that the Ruyter cells development is independent of the animal sex. PMID- 3916147 TI - [Nerve receptors in pulmonary vessels]. AB - In this work the morphological types of the nervous receptors in the pulmonary vessels of the Wistar rat are studied with the Koelle-Friedenwall, Champy-Maillet and Jabonero techniques. Different types of corpuscules are described. Some are simple and some are more complex (tree-like terminals of Seto type). The localization of these corpuscules is variable. Sometimes they are located in the pulmonary vessels and sometimes in the conjunctive tissue. These receptors are interpreted as baro-receptors i.e. receptors of change of pressure. PMID- 3916148 TI - Anatomo-surgical study of the human parieto-occipital artery (angular artery). AB - The parieto-occipital artery, angular artery or "du pli courbe" artery was injected with Batson's resin, and thus it was possible to study its point of origin, diameter, length and superficial course. An assessment was made of the possibility of this vessel functioning as receptor artery in the surgical anastomoses between the superficial temporal artery and cortical branches of the middle cerebral artery in the cerebral revascularization neurosurgical technique. PMID- 3916149 TI - Spacers and processing of large ribosomal RNAs in Escherichia coli and mouse cells. PMID- 3916150 TI - Evolution of resistance to penicillin and cephalosporin antibiotics. PMID- 3916151 TI - Human p53 and human tumours. PMID- 3916152 TI - Early explorations of the pathways of uridine diphosphate galactose in man and in microorganisms. PMID- 3916153 TI - Regulation of the methionine regulon in Escherichia coli. PMID- 3916154 TI - The Lister Institute of Preventive Medicine. PMID- 3916155 TI - The development and application of biosensing devices for bioreactor monitoring and control. AB - Presently, few of the reported (bio)chemical sensor devices have found application in fermentation monitoring and control. Although many devices with desirable selectivities have been reported, few have demonstrated reliability sufficient to encourage significant and widespread application. Chemical sensors (ion-selective electrodes, amperometric detectors, piezoelectric, field-effect transistors, semiconductor, Optrode and optoelectronic sensors), biosensors (based on potentiometric, amperometric, field-effect transistor and conductiometric detectors) and physical detection methods are reviewed with the aim of highlighting the problems of their application in this area. Physical detection principles appear to show promise as reliable and direct monitoring principles. However, even the more reliable discrete (bio)chemical sensor devices require the development of on-line flow sampling and autocalibration methods to demonstrate the necessary reliability. Biosensor devices appear most problematical and it is concluded that continued development of more direct biosensing principles is likely to prove most fruitful. PMID- 3916156 TI - Opto-electronic immunosensors: a review of optical immunoassay at continuous surfaces. AB - Optical techniques for monitoring immunological reactions on continuous surfaces are reviewed. Initially Langmuir-Blodgett film techniques and ellipsometry are discussed, followed by internal reflection spectroscopy (IRS) systems. The latter includes attenuated total reflection (ATR) and total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF). Finally, light scattering and surface plasmon resonance methods are presented. Overall, it was considered that the IRS systems and ellipsometric approaches offered the most promise for the design of a specific immunosensor device. Of these two, the ellipsometric methods are the most sensitive but also the most vulnerable to non-specific signal interference. Although lacking in extreme sensitivity, the IRS approaches reviewed were more specific in signal generation and were considered to have considerable potential for the future. PMID- 3916157 TI - Conjoined twins. Antenatal ultrasound diagnosis and a review of the literature. AB - Three sets of conjoined twins recently diagnosed by us in the antenatal period are presented. From these cases and a review of the literature we present the ultrasound diagnostic features of the various forms of this rare condition. We discuss the importance of associated anomalies and shared organs with their relevance to subsequent antenatal management and delivery. The importance of excluding this condition whenever twins are diagnosed on ultrasound is stressed. PMID- 3916158 TI - Possibilities and pitfalls of indium-111 platelet scintigraphy in the monitoring of renal transplant recipients. AB - During the last four years, we have performed two studies on the clinical application of 111In-platelet scintigraphy after renal transplantation. In the first study, we collected 75 patients who were treated with prednisolone and azathioprine. The platelet deposition in the graft was expressed as a platelet uptake index (PUI). The results suggested that the platelet scan was a valuable tool for early detection of acute graft rejection, which was indicated by an increase in PUI. Quite different results were obtained in 50 patients immunosuppressed with cyclosporin A (CSA) and prednisolone. Acute interstitial rejection escaped detection by this diagnostic procedure. Significant elevations of PUI were observed in acute vascular rejection and microvascular CSA nephrotoxicity, resembling the haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS) only. Therefore, platelet deposition in the graft can be regarded as a non-specific phenomenon, occurring in two entities which require completely different therapeutic approaches. In spite of the monitoring by means of the platelet scan, percutaneous biopsy is still necessary for differential diagnosis of graft dysfunction. PMID- 3916159 TI - Chromosome aberration frequencies after partial-body irradiation of Syrian hamsters. AB - Graded X-ray doses up to 6.0 Gy were delivered to the rear 1/3 of body length (congruent to 1/3 body mass) of Syrian hamsters and 24 h later, peripheral blood lymphocytes were sampled, set up in culture together with bromodeoxyuridine and first post-stimulation mitotic cells were scored for chromosome-type aberrations. Very few aberrations were found at any dose and the response curve for centric exchanges ("dicentrics + centric rings") had no significant curvature or slope. Single irradiations of 3.0 Gy delivered to the whole body and sampled by identical protocol produced yields identical to, or slightly exceeding, those found for blood irradiated with the same dose in vitro. The same dose delivered to the front 2/3 or front 1/3 (head) or localised to the spleen area, and aberrations scored from blood or spleen-pulp lymphocytes, gave variable yields, but always higher than those obtained from the rear 1/3 irradiations. The results are consistent with dose-dependent interphase death of irradiated cells, coupled with a non-uniform distribution of lymphocytes within body tissues. It is estimated that some 80-90% of the lymphocytes are resident within the anterior 2/3. Detailed studies of the between-cell aberration distributions give evidence that positive selection against cells with high aberration frequencies has also occurred in these experiments. PMID- 3916161 TI - "Ball of wool" or "yarn" sign: a new ultrasonographic sign for the diagnosis of hydatid cysts. A preliminary report. PMID- 3916160 TI - Percutaneous ultrasound guided needle aspiration of the brain. PMID- 3916162 TI - Diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in neuroradiology. The Mackenzie Davidson memorial lecture, February 1985. PMID- 3916163 TI - Solitary eosinophilic granuloma of sternum: case report with review of the literature. AB - A solitary lesion in the distal sternum in a 30-year-old woman caused by eosinophilic granuloma (EG) is reported. Bone scan with 99Tcm was negative. Laboratory tests were completely normal. Although EG bone lesions have been discussed extensively in the literature only one similar case of solitary EG of the sternum has been published to date. A comprehensive summary of the literature is presented. PMID- 3916164 TI - Demonstration of nodules in the normal thyroid by echography. AB - An ultrasound examination was performed of the normal thyroid in 300 patients (164 males and 136 females). Small echoic nodules were demonstrated in 19% of the patients and fluid-filled masses in 6%. Echoic nodules occurred frequently (greater than 40%) in the seventh decade. 71% of the nodules were situated in the right lobe. PMID- 3916166 TI - The development of acquired renal cystic disease and neoplasia in a chronic haemodialysis patient. PMID- 3916165 TI - Patient doses received during whole body scanning using an Elscint 905 CT scanner. PMID- 3916167 TI - Acute lobar nephronia. PMID- 3916168 TI - [Dilated cardiomyopathy. Endomyocardial biopsy]. PMID- 3916169 TI - Relationships between myocardial metabolism and coronary blood flow regulation. PMID- 3916170 TI - [Preferential therapeutic indications for calcium antagonists]. PMID- 3916171 TI - Lymphocyte traffic and the skin. AB - Lymphocyte migration patterns into and within lymphoid organs and nonlymphoid organs such as the skin as highly regulated and controlled by a variety of factors, some of which we are beginning to understand at a basic cellular and molecular level. In the case of lymphocyte migration into lymphoid organs, recirculatory patterns and preferences appear to be mediated by selective recognition via lymphocyte membrane receptors of distinctive determinants expressed by specialized endothelial cells in different organ sites. A similar model in which endothelial cells in the skin share common determinants with endothelial cells in peripheral lymph nodes can be developed to explain the migration patterns of lymphocytes from the blood into the skin. Cells that have undergone blast transformation in the microenvironment of the skin or peripheral lymph nodes, or both, appear to recirculate selectively within this particular sphere of immunologic influence, whereas other cells that undergo this transformation in the microenvironment of the gastrointestinal tract and its draining mesenteric lymph nodes selectively recirculate within that sphere of immunologic influence. This preferential recirculation increases the probability that the immunologic defense needs of a given region or tissue such as the skin will be met efficiently and appropriately. Finally, some of the phenotypic characteristics favoring the movement of lymphocytes from the bloodstream into the dermis (such as recent stimulation and the presence of T-cell surface markers) also seem to favor lymphocyte migration into or retention in the epidermis. However, under appropriate circumstances, epidermotropism can be exhibited by both major subsets of T cells as well as a variety of non-T cells. PMID- 3916172 TI - Premycotic eruptions. AB - Virtually any longstanding, recalcitrant inflammatory dermatosis may evolve into a cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Although several entities within the parapsoriasis group can undergo malignant degeneration, most cases of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma are not preceded by parapsoriasis; a preceding inflammatory dermatosis that is not a parapsoriasis may be much more common. Among the parapsoriasis, lymphomatoid papulosis and large-plaque parapsoriasis and its variant, retiform parapsoriasis, have a variable tendency to undergo malignant degeneration. For any dermatosis deemed to have a significant premalignant potential, a plan of aggressive management with relatively non-aggressive modalities (for example, topical steroids, UVB light, and psoralen plus UVA light) should be considered. PMID- 3916174 TI - Treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. AB - Intensive treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma with modalities directed only at skin manifestations appears to cure up to 40 per cent of patients with early, limited skin involvement. For patients with widely disseminated skin lesions, the dermatologist often must choose a treatment regimen with both cutaneous and systemic effects in order to provide effective long-term control. Although vigorous combined-modality therapy results in improved disease-free survival intervals, it also has significant associated morbidity. When compared with less intensive treatment regimens, it is not clear at this time whether such combined modality therapy improves either the cure rate or overall survival intervals of patients with early disease. For this reason, the authors recommend a conservative treatment program initially for most patients unless there is clinical evidence that the patient has biologically aggressive disease. PMID- 3916173 TI - New techniques in the evaluation of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. AB - The prognosis of mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndrome can be improved when antitumor therapies such as total skin electron beam irradiation, topical nitrogen mustard, or systemic cytostatic agents are given as soon as the diagnosis is established. However, differentiation of early lesions of mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndrome from chronic benign dermatoses remains very difficult. To aid in the differential diagnosis, more objective techniques have been developed, including DNA cytophotometry, chromosome analysis, quantitative electron microscopy, and monoclonal antibody staining. Using these methods, skin infiltrates and lymph nodes can be classified more precisely as malignant or benign at an earlier stage of the disease. It must be stressed that these methods can be used only in conjunction with other clinical and histomorphologic criteria. They should never be used alone, however, because reactive processes may sometimes cause problems in interpreting the results. PMID- 3916175 TI - Cutaneous B-cell lymphoma. AB - The various morphologic and functional subtypes of nodal B-cell lymphomas can also be found in the skin. These reflect the various steps of lymphocyte differentiation including maturation from the pre-B lymphocyte to the well differentiated B2 lymphocyte or plasma cell in the peripheral blood. The subtypes of cutaneous B-cell lymphomas have been discussed (Kiel classification); the percentages indicate the frequencies of the subtypes among a total of 736 cutaneous lymphomas of both T-cell and B-cell origin: Lymphocytic lymphoma (7 per cent). Immunoglobulin-producing lymphomas, including the rate plasmacytoma of the skin, lymphoplasmacytoid immunocytoma, which represents the largest group of cutaneous B-cell lymphoma (12 per cent), and immunoblastic lymphoma, which is the most aggressive form in this group (8 per cent). Cutaneous B-cell lymphoma arising from or related to follicular center cells, including centrocytic lymphoma (7 per cent), mantle-cell lymphoma, centroblastic/centrocytic lymphoma (6 per cent), the highly malignant centroblastic lymphoma (4 per cent), and lymphoblastic lymphoma, Burkitt type. The Ann Arbor staging system is not applicable to cutaneous B-cell lymphoma; therefore, a TNM staging system has been proposed. The diagnosis of cutaneous B-cell lymphoma is based primarily on cytomorphologic features. Differentiation of cutaneous B-cell lymphoma from pseudolymphoma of the skin cannot be based on a single criterion; a spectrum of characteristic features must be evaluated. Analysis of the infiltrating cells in cutaneous B-cell lymphoma using monoclonal antibodies demonstrates that the proliferation of the neoplastic clone is accompanied by a mixture of accessory cells of various origins, including T cells, macrophages, and dendritic reticulum cells. As in nodal B-cell lymphomas, several factors may be involved in the generation of cutaneous B-cell lymphoma, including persistent antigenic stimulation and loss of regulatory mechanisms for lymphocyte proliferation and differentiation in conjunction with environmental and other factors. PMID- 3916176 TI - Cutaneous histiocytic proliferations. AB - The classification of histiocytic proliferations in the skin is confusing, largely due to faulty use of terms such as reticulum-cell sarcoma and reticulosis. Immunohistochemical staining procedures and ultrastructural studies have made it possible to differentiate the different cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system. The proliferations discussed here were those of the mononuclear phagocyte system that are associated with characteristic skin manifestations. They include proliferations of monocytes (acute monocytic leukemia), proliferations of tissue macrophages or histiocytes (histiocytic sarcoma and its disseminated form, malignant histiocytosis; familial histiocytoses; and multicentric reticulohistiocytosis), proliferations of Langerhans' cells (histiocytosis X), and proliferations of as yet undefined cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system (sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy). Clinical features were presented, and special emphasis was placed on incidence, form, localization, histopathology, and marker profile of the proliferating cells in the skin lesions. The close relationship of the different entities was discussed, as was the importance of immune dysfunction. PMID- 3916177 TI - Cutaneous pseudolymphomas. AB - Pseudolymphomas of the skin form a heterogeneous and complex group of disorders. A deep knowledge of the different entities is required to make a correct diagnosis and to administer proper treatment. The group includes a wide range of disorders from banal lymphocytic infiltrations to diseases with guarded prognosis. The clinical and histologic characteristic of each disorder are discussed in the context of new diagnostic methods. PMID- 3916178 TI - Lymphomatoid papulosis. AB - Lymphomatoid papulosis is an unusual chronic skin disease characterized by the continuous appearance of papulonecrotic, nodular, and occasionally larger tumorous or plaque-like lesions showing histologic features suggestive of malignant lymphoma. The recognition of two histologic types of lymphomatoid papulosis, which are not distinct entities but represent the ends of a spectrum, has provided an explanation for the clinical and histologic variation and many of the current controversies in this disorder. These two types of lymphomatoid papulosis, called type A (or "histiocytic" type) and type B (or lymphocytic type), have been shown to be related to Hodgkin's disease and mycosis fungoides, respectively. Current evidence suggests that these conditions result from abnormal immune reactions to persistent and as yet unidentified antigens. This concept does not resolve the question of whether lymphomatoid papulosis is an inflammatory or malignant disease. In most patients, lymphomatoid papulosis runs a protracted but benign course. In others, however, it is associated with or develops into malignant lymphoma. Because reliable clinical and histologic criteria predictive of such a transition are lacking, all patients with lymphomatoid papulosis require close long-term follow-up. PMID- 3916179 TI - Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy. AB - Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy often begins with constitutional symptoms, such as fever, malaise, and weight loss. Most patients have generalized lymphadenopathy, and about 40 per cent have skin lesions with maculopapular erythema, purpura, urticaria, or exfoliative erythroderma. Lymph-node biopsy specimens demonstrate the most characteristic histopathologic features: extensive effacement of lymph nodal architecture; a pleomorphic population of immunoblasts, plasma cells, lymphocytes, and eosinophils; interstitial deposits of eosinophilic material; and prominent vascular proliferation, with "arborization" of small vessels. The pathogenesis of angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy is still unknown, but its histopathologic features and laboratory findings strongly suggest that it is an immunologically mediated disorder. Some clinical and laboratory evidence supports the possibility that angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy is a benign reactive or proliferative process, whereas other studies suggest that it might be a malignant disease. In some patients, it can develop into immunoblastic sarcoma or other types of malignant lymphoma or leukemia. It is probably reasonable to consider angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy a prelymphomatous state of immunoblastic sarcoma. PMID- 3916180 TI - School-based health clinics: a new approach to preventing adolescent pregnancy? AB - In an increasing number of U.S. communities, comprehensive health services- including family planning services--are being offered in clinics located in or near public high schools and junior high schools. Fourteen such programs operating in 32 schools are described here; they have caseloads ranging from about 500 to around 5,000 students per year and handle up to 20,000 patient visits annually. These clinics usually are staffed by teams consisting mainly of nurse practitioners, clinic aides and part-time physicians, as well as social workers, nutritionists and other professionals. Patients at school-based clinics generally are from low-income families, a reflection of the neighborhoods in which programs are located. Most school-based clinics serve only current students, but a few also serve former students. Most of these programs were originated by an individual from outside the school system. However, the cooperation and support of principals and teachers for student health services have been vital factors in gaining approval for in-school clinics. The programs also appear to enjoy the support of their local communities. However, their long term funding remains uncertain. So far, private foundations have helped these programs become established, but they cannot be expected to provide continuing aid. Donations from schools, health providers and other groups have played an important part in keeping the cost of school-based programs low. Public funds, particularly from state departments of maternal and child health, social services and education, are being sought in order to expand existing programs to more schools and to start new clinics in other communities.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3916181 TI - Teenagers talk about sex, pregnancy and contraception. PMID- 3916182 TI - Paying for maternity care. PMID- 3916185 TI - Antiprogestins: prospects for a once-a-month pill. PMID- 3916183 TI - The provision of sterilization services by private physicians. AB - Obstetrician-gynecologists are 4-5 times more likely to perform female sterilizations, and urologists are 2-3 times more likely to perform vasectomies, than are general surgeons or general or family practitioners. Catholics are less likely to perform either procedure than are non-Catholics. Participation in a group practice and having a practice in the North Central region of the country are associated with carrying out a larger average number of both male and female sterilizations. More than half of female sterilizations are performed as inpatient hospital procedures, and most of the remainder are done in hospitals on an outpatient basis. Two-thirds of vasectomies, on the other hand, are performed in doctors' offices, while most of the rest are performed as hospital outpatient procedures. About one vasectomy in 12, however, is performed on an inpatient basis--possibly because general anesthesia is used, or the procedure is performed along with other surgery. The average cost for an inpatient female sterilization in 1982 was $1,335. The cost for a hospital outpatient sterilization was not much less than that. The total cost of a vasectomy ranged from an average of $511 for an inpatient procedure to $240 for one performed in the office. The average cost is higher when the sterilization is performed by an obstetrician-gynecologist or a urologist than when the service is provided by a general surgeon or general/family practitioner. Fifty-eight percent of physicians performing female sterilizations accept Medicaid reimbursement, and 12 percent reduce their fees to accommodate low-income patients. The proportions for doctors who perform vasectomies are 51 percent and 12 percent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3916184 TI - The IUD after 20 years: a review. PMID- 3916186 TI - Development of clinical pharmacology in the People's Republic of China. PMID- 3916187 TI - Helmut-P. Kuemmerle, 60 years, April 13, 1925-April 13, 1985. PMID- 3916188 TI - [Established dermatoses--new observations]. PMID- 3916189 TI - Mutagenic nitropyrenes in foods. AB - Identification of mutagenic factors in foods is of concern because they may represent carcinogens to man. Cooked foods, especially their basic fractions containing heterocyclic amines, have high mutagenicity; the neutral fractions containing mutagenic nitropyrenes, however, have not been studied in detail. The mutagenicity of various grilled foods--10 vegetables, 4 fish, and 4 kinds of meat with and without sauce--was studied. The concentration of 1-nitropyrene was measured after reduction by a specific nitroreductase purified from Bacteroides fragilis. 1-Nitropyrene was detected in grilled corn, horse-mackerel, and mackerel, and accounted for less than 10% of the total mutagenicity of the crude extracts in the Salmonella mutation test using strain TA98 in the absence of S9 mix. The mutagenicity of the diethyl ether-soluble basic fractions of meat grilled without a marinating sauce was very high. However, the sauce decreased the mutagenicity of the basic fractions and increased the mutagenicity of the neutral fractions. Moreover, considerable amounts of 1-nitropyrene were detected in pork and yakitori (grilled chicken) grilled with the sauce. The neutral fractions of yakitori grilled for 3, 5, and 7 min contained 3.8, 19, and 43 ng, respectively, of 1-nitropyrene per gram of yakitori, accounting for 3.0, 2.7, and 1.3%, respectively, of the total extract mutagenicity. We conclude that formation of 1-nitropyrene in the yakitori is due to pyrene produced by incomplete combustion of fat in the chicken, its nitration at acidic pH by nitrogen dioxide emitted by burning of cooking gas, and some components of the marinating sauce. Antimutagenic activity of edible mushrooms against 3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H pyrido[4,3-b]indol (Trp-P-1) was also studied. PMID- 3916190 TI - Nakahara memorial lecture. Application of the mechanisms of nutritional carcinogenesis to the prevention of cancer. AB - Historically, the field of experimental chemical carcinogenesis began in Japan with Yamagiwa and has been a traditional subject of study since that time. In Prof. Nakahara's lifetime, he and his disciples have contributed much to an understanding of the basic mechanisms of carcinogenesis. Most types of human cancer are likely associated with chemical carcinogens. In part, we understand the mechanisms whereby carcinogens lead to neoplasia. The overall process involves agents with distinct properties, 1) those modifying the genome with specific consequences, and 2) those controlling the growth and development of latent tumor cells with such an abnormal genome. The genotoxic pathway and the subsequent promoting process proceed by distinct mechanisms and thus have different consequences as regards health risk, especially with respect to dosage and time requirements for effective carcinogenesis. Through multidisciplinary approaches, it has been established that cancer of the stomach and esophagus, prevalent in certain parts of the world, depend on the presence in salted, pickled, or smoked foods of specific chemicals, that are genotoxic and the structure of which is a function of local conditions. Salt can have a cocarcinogenic or promoting role. In much of the Western World, cancers of the colon, pancreas, breast, ovary, endometrium, and prostate are linked to nutritional traditions. The genotoxic carcinogens for several of these neoplasms may be formed during cooking, especially broiling or frying. There is evidence for extensive promoting process, in turn, a function of the total dietary fat intake, through partially understood mechanisms. Additional modifying factors include cereal (bran) fiber, but perhaps not other types of fibers, that reduce the risk for colon cancer. Further modifying elements are discussed in this Symposium. Fair understanding has been achieved of the underlying basic mechanisms, relative to the formation of carcinogens during food preparation and processing, and on the role of certain promoting or inhibiting elements such as fat, fiber, or components of fruits and vegetables. Certain of these elements are sufficiently well established for application to the prevention of specific cancers in various parts of the world. PMID- 3916191 TI - Occurrence and detection of natural mutagens and modifying factors in food products. AB - Various food products of plant origin were investigated for the occurrence of natural mutagens using the Salmonella/microsome assay. In general, food plants were freeze-dried and subsequently extracted with a number of solvents. Solvents were evaporated and the residues obtained were tested for mutagenicity. In addition to S9-mix, gut flora extracts were applied for metabolic activation. From bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum) a novel mutagen, designated Aquilide A, was isolated and its chemical structure was identified. Aquilide A requires activation to become mutagenic. This activation occurs spontaneously at pH levels above 6-7. Activated Aquilide A was found to be genotoxic in cultured mammalian cells. Natural mutagens were detected in 4 out of 6 vegetables investigated. In addition, broad beans (Vicia faba) were found to be mutagenic after treatment with nitrite. All mutagenic vegetables showed marked intercultivar variations. From lettuce and string beans quercetin was isolated (after chemical hydrolysis) and in rhubarb emodin, an anthraquinon, was detected. The mutagenic activity of these two compounds was further investigated using cultured mammalian cells. Quercetin and emodin responded negative or weakly positive in the systems applied. The genotoxic properties of a number of pyrrolizidin alkaloids, which are reported to occur in various flowering plants and as a result occur in honey and some herbal preparations, were studied using a cocultivation system of V79 Chinese hamster cells and primary cultures of chick embryo hepatocytes (PCCEH/V79). All four pyrrolizidine alkaloids investigated were found to be potent inducers of SCEs in this test system. Anti-mutagenic effects of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and indole-3-carbinol (I3C) were detected using the PCCEH/V79 cocultivation system. This indicates that the cocultivation system described can be a valuable tool for the screening of various products for potential anti-carcinogenic properties. Extracts of lettuce and string beans, and a number of natural chemicals were found to reduce the mutagenic activity of cigarette smoke condensate and benzo (a) pyrene (BaP) as detected in the Salmonella/microsome assay. Intercultivar variation with respect to the antimutagenic activity observed was less pronounced than the variation noted for the mutagenic activity of these vegetables. Measures which may result in a reduction of the exposure to a number of natural mutagens are discussed. PMID- 3916192 TI - Human carcinogenic risk in the use of bracken fern. AB - Young bracken fern is used as a human food in Japan and other countries. However, it has been demonstrated that bracken is carcinogenic to cattle and laboratory animals such as rats, mice, and guinea pigs. Rats fed a diet containing bracken fern developed tumors of the ileum and urinary bladder. Mammary cancer was also induced in Sprague-Dawley rats fed a bracken diet. Study of the human cancer risk of this plant is thus of great importance. The fern is usually used as a food stuff in Japan after it is treated with plain boiling water or boiling water containing wood ash or sodium bicarbonate; sometimes, bracken is pickled in salt. Although the carcinogenic activity of processed bracken thus prepared was reduced markedly, weak activity was still retained. This paper deals with the carcinogenicity of unprocessed and processed bracken fern to laboratory animals and its human cancer risk. PMID- 3916194 TI - Enhancing effects of dietary salt on both initiation and promotion stages of rat gastric carcinogenesis. AB - Relatively short-term treatment (8 weeks) of rats with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) in the drinking water (100 mg/l) was shown to adequately initiate gastric carcinogenesis when 10% NaCl was simultaneously administered in the diet. Utilizing this MNNG plus high salt diet as the initiation stage of a two-step protocol, it was also established that subsequent dietary administration of NaCl (10% of the diet) for 32 weeks tended to enhance tumor development in the glandular stomach. Similar tumor promoting activity was demonstrated for other mucosal damaging agents, such as potassium metabisulfite and formaldehyde. Biological changes of the gastric mucosa were examined after chronic administration or a single oral intubation of NaCl. Morphological lesions observed included diffuse mild erosions, atrophy of the glands, and hyperplasia of the foveolar epithelium when given 10% NaCl diet chronically. After a single oral intubation of NaCl, increased tritiated thymidine labeling index and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity were observed in both pyloric and fundic mucosa. No remarkable effects of NaCl were observed on the forestomach or duodenal mucosa. These results suggest that NaCl exerts an enhancing effect at both initiation and promotion steps within the two stage model system of the gastric carcinogenesis, and that these effects of NaCl are possibly related to its mucosal damaging activity. PMID- 3916193 TI - Suppression of carcinogenesis by retinoids: interactions with peptide growth factors and their receptors as a key mechanism. AB - To understand the molecular mechanism of action of retinoids in control of differentiation and carcinogenesis, it is now necessary to consider the interactions of retinoids with oncogenes, as well as with peptide growth factors and their receptors. Experimental studies in these areas are described. In particular, it is shown that retinoic acid inhibits the proliferative effects of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) on fibroblasts that have been transfected with the c-myc oncogene. The ability of retinoic acid to induce differentiation in several types of human and murine tumor cells also is associated with the ability of retinoic acid to suppress the expression of either the c-myc oncogene, or the related N-myc gene. PMID- 3916196 TI - Vitamin A and selenium intake in relation to human cancer risk. AB - The possibility that dietary intake of certain vitamins and minerals may influence the occurrence of human cancer is receiving considerable scientific attention. One prominent hypothesis, that increased dietary intake of vitamin A reduces the occurrence of cancer, has received support from a large number of epidemiologic studies in which an inverse association was observed. The largest body of evidence relates to lung cancer. However, when examined in further detail, this apparent protective effect appears primarily attributable to higher intakes of green and yellow vegetables, which contain the carotenoid precursors of vitamin A. In contrast, there is little evidence to support an association between preformed vitamin A intake and cancer risk. In several studies based on prospectively collected sera, retinol levels were inversely related to subsequent cancer risk. However, these have not been supported by further investigations and appear to be the result of methodologic artifact. Available evidence thus suggests that factors associated with green and yellow vegetables provides modest protection against certain forms of cancer; beta-carotene is a likely candidate and is the focus of considerable research activity. Stimulated by the results of many animal studies and ecologic comparisons, we and other investigators have examined the association of serum selenium levels with subsequent risk of cancer. In the three published prospective studies an inverse association was observed, with a 2-to 5-fold increase in overall cancer risk among those with lowest selenium levels. As would be predicted by animal studies, the combination of low selenium and low vitamin E appears to be particularly deleterious.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3916195 TI - Inhibition of carcinogenesis by some minor dietary constituents. AB - Previous work has shown that food contains a large number of minor dietary constituents that can inhibit the occurrence of cancer. Additional inhibitors from four different natural sources will be the subject of this presentation. 1. Citrus fruit oils. Orange, tangerine, lemon, and grapefruit oils given p.o. induce increased glutathione (GSH) S-transferase activity in tissues of the mouse. When fed in the diet prior to and during the course of administration of benzo(a)pyrene (BP), the four citrus fruit oils inhibit formation of tumors of both the forestomach and lungs of mice. When fed either before or after the administration of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) orange oil inhibits mammary tumor formation. 2. Garlic oil. Allyl methyl trisulfide (AMT), a constituent of garlic oil, has been synthesized recently. When given p.o. 96 and 48 hr prior to BP, AMT inhibits the occurrence of forestomach tumors in mice. 3. Green coffee beans. Two diterpene esters, kahweol palmitate and cafestol palmitate, which are potent inducers of GSH S-transferase activity have been isolated from coffee beans. When administered p.o. prior to DMBA the two diterpene esters inhibit mammary tumor formation. 4. Cruciferous vegetables. Several glucosinolates occur in cruciferous vegetables. Efficient procedures for the isolation of these compounds have been developed recently. The inhibitory effects of three of these i.e. glucobrassicin, glucotropaeolin, and glucosinalbin were studied in several animal models. Glucobrassicin caused substantial inhibition of BP-induced neoplasia of the lung and forestomach of the mouse and DMBA-induced neoplasia of the breast in rats. Glucosinalbin and glucotropaeolin are less active in these systems. In addition to protective effects, indoles derived from the hydrolysis of glucobrassicin have potential harmful properties. The implications of multiple properties and factors which may determine their consequence will be discussed. PMID- 3916197 TI - Dietary fat in relation to mammary carcinogenesis. AB - The first evidence that dietary fat influences mammary carcinogenesis was provided by Tannenbaum, who showed that mice fed a high-fat diet developed spontaneous tumors more readily than those fed a low-fat diet. Similar observations have been made with various other animal models. Polyunsaturated vegetable oils enhance carcinogenesis more effectively than saturated fats, because of their higher linoleate content. Diets containing high levels of polyunsaturated fish oils do not stimulate carcinogenesis, however, perhaps because their polyunsaturated fatty acids belong mainly to the linolenate family. Dietary fat acts primarily as a promoting agent, but the exact mechanism is still unclear. The requirement for linoleate and the fact that the fat effect can be blocked by prostaglandin biosynthesis inhibitors suggests that it may be mediated by biologically-active compounds derived from linoleate. Other possibilities include changes in hormonal balance, alterations in the fatty acids of membrane lipids, effects on the immune system, modulation of intercellular communications, and metabolic alterations related to differences in fat and caloric intake. Interest in the role of dietary fat in mammary carcinogenesis has been greatly stimulated by epidemiological evidence of a strong, positive correlation between breast cancer and dietary fat. In these epidemiological data, total dietary fat shows a better correlation than fat from either plant or animal sources individually, and there is no apparent correlation with the polyunsaturated fatty acid content of the diet. Further studies are needed to investigate more thoroughly this apparent difference between experimental and epidemiological data.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3916198 TI - Cancer risk in relation to fat and energy intake among Hawaii Japanese: a prospective study. AB - This study assesses the impact of fat and energy consumption upon cancer risk in a prospective study of 8,006 Japanese men, who have developed 885 incidence cancers since initial examinations were completed between 1965 and 1968. Energy intake was not related to any incidence cancer. The mean total fat intake was unrelated to the risk of developing cancers in the stomach (n = 130), lung (n = 145), urinary bladder (n = 51), pancreas (n = 25), prostate (n = 141), liver (n = 22). There was a weak inverse association between mean fat intake and colon cancer. There was a statistically significant inverse relation between mean daily fat intake and all other cancers (n = 118). There was a weakly positive association between fat intake and rectal cancer (n = 71). When assessed on the basis of quartiles of fat intake, there was a statistically significant negative association with colon cancer risk (p = 0.03); and weaker negative trends for lung cancer (p = 0.076) and all other cancers (0.076). These findings are in essential agreement with the results of a 10-year mortality study of the cohort. The fat intake of men who have developed cancer is substantially lower than that of men who have developed coronary heart disease. These findings cast doubt upon the importance of fat intake as a risk factor for cancer at sites other than the rectum. PMID- 3916199 TI - Dietary influences upon colon carcinogenesis. AB - A succession of case-control studies of diet and colon cancer, predominantly in developed countries, has produced varied and generally inconsistent findings. The somatic mutation theory of carcinogenesis has dominated much of cancer research for the past 30 years, encouraging emphasis on exogenous genotoxic agents capable of inducing malignant transformation via heritable damage to DNA. Increased risks of human cancers due to various potent chemical carcinogens (found in certain occupations), ionizing radiation, and sunlight have corroborated this "toxicological" view of cancer. Recently, however, greater emphasis has been paid to cancer as a disorder of growth control. The stimulation or derepression of cell growth, via hormones or proto-oncogene activation respectively, is likely to reflect "metabolic" disturbances--such as can be caused by diet. If diet influences large bowel carcinogenesis via mediating metabolic or biochemical factors such as intracolonic pH, production of bile acid metabolites, and fermentative production of volatile fatty acids (which appear to influence mucosal cell stability), then a variety of configurations of diet may have an equivalent net effect upon bowel carcinogenesis. Further, non-specific aspects of diet (such as total energy intake and frequency of eating) may be important; indeed, those two factors were found to be positively and independently associated with large bowel cancer (LBC) risk in our Adelaide case-control study. The accumulating evidence that other factors that alter sex hormonal status and/or hepatobiliary metabolism, and physical aspects of bowel function, are also associated with altered risk of LBC adds further credence to this metabolic model. Such factors are: gender, reproductive history and oral contraceptive usage in women, cholecystectomy, and physical activity. PMID- 3916200 TI - Multiethnic studies of diet, nutrition, and cancer in Hawaii. AB - Epidemiologic studies of diet and cancer have been facilitated in Hawaii by the multiethnic composition of its population and the consequent heterogeneity in dietary intakes. Studies of migrant populations, particularly the Japanese, have firmly supported the conclusions that environmental factors are of predominant etiologic significance for most major sites of cancer, and that these factors may exert their influences at particular periods of life. Recent observations on Filipino migrants reproduce most of the findings in the Japanese, although they do not show the same abrupt increase in colon cancer rates to the high levels found in Caucasians. Data on dietary intakes in these populations support several of the prevailing hypotheses regarding the etiology of certain gastrointestinal and hormone-dependent cancers. Several case-control studies of diet and cancer have been completed or are ongoing in Hawaii. Some of these have included comparable studies in Japan, but the findings in Hawaii have generally not been reproduced in Japan. Weak associations with dietary fat have been found in Hawaii for breast cancer (particularly in Japanese women) and for prostate cancer (particularly in men greater than or equal to 70 years of age). Vitamin A (especially carotene) has been shown to be inversely associated with lung cancer risk in men, but positively associated with prostate cancer risk in older men. Vitamin C may be inversely related to bladder cancer risk, but has shown no relationship to lung or prostate cancer risk. These and other findings are discussed in terms of future needs for epidemiologic research in this field. PMID- 3916201 TI - The effect of calcium on the pathogenicity of high fat diets to the colon. AB - The pathogenicity of lipid components and dietary fats on the colonic epithelium have been studied with five model systems in experimental animals, with rectal perfusion of bile acids, colonic perfusion of bile acid solutions, dietary supplementation with cholic acid, oral boluses of fat, and diets with various levels of fats. The lipid or fat led to colonic epithelial cell cytotoxicity and/or an increase in cell proliferation which was inhibited by supplementary calcium. These results could mean that calcium may reduce the toxicity of high fat diets to the colon and reduce the colonic cancer risk associated with high fat diets. PMID- 3916203 TI - Diet, nutrition and cancer: concluding remarks and future perspectives. AB - Several dietary exposures may increase the risk of cancer, while others may have a protective effect. The degrees of evidence for a casual relationship between these exposures and human cancer vary considerably, as do their suitability for prevention. Investigations on the mechanisms by which food components contribute to either increase or decrease cancer risks therefore deserve priority, as their results would allow a quantitative evaluation of risks and of their preventability. Dietary factors are likely to contribute directly or indirectly to the induction of cancer in a variety of organs--namely, oesophagus, stomach, colon and rectum, liver, breast and endometrium, as well as the oral cavity and larynx. In addition, certain dietary factors may contribute to the prevention of cancer at other sites, as, for instance, the lung and prostate. Dietary interventions may therefore have a very considerable impact on prevention. This is certainly not the least reason for the attraction that intervention studies exert on scientists. Attractive as they may be, however, they should not encourage short-cuts, in the belief that understanding of the means for the prevention of cancer might be easier than understanding of the mechanisms of its induction. This very timely symposium has exposed the controversies that still exist about certain basic assumptions on the role of dietary factors in human cancer, and has underlined the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to understanding of the underlying mechanisms. PMID- 3916202 TI - Risk evaluation of tumor-inducing substances in foods. AB - Carcinogenic risk assessment of chemicals consists of four phases, namely, 1) hazard identification, 2) exposure assessment, 3) hazard assessment or dose response assessment, and 4) risk characterization. The third phase of risk assessment is the evaluation of both hazard and exposure information to estimate the mathematical probability that the carcinogenic potential associated with an agent will be realized in the human population under defined conditions of exposure. The estimation of virtually safe dose (VSD) is regarded as a component of the third phase. Carcinogenic risk assessment is still at an embryonal stage of development, and there remains a number of problems to be clarified. With regard to the estimation of VSD, it is an important task to establish the principle for selection of appropriate mathematical models. The intention of this paper is to illustrate the estimation of VSD of two tumor-inducing chemicals, N ethyl-N-nitrosourea and potassium bromate based on the dose-response data in animals and to discuss the biological implication of the estimated VSD in relation to the risk assessment of the chemicals in humans. PMID- 3916204 TI - A large scale cohort study on cancer risks by diet--with special reference to the risk reducing effects of green-yellow vegetable consumption. AB - Using materials obtained in a large scale cohort study of 265,118 adults in Japan from 1966 to 1982, effects of diet and nutrition on cancer mortality were reviewed. Daily consumption of green-yellow vegetables (GYV) rich in beta carotene, vitamin C, calcium, and dietary fiber was observed to lower risks for selected cancers such as lung, stomach, prostate, and cervix. The risk reducing effect appeared more striking in cigarette smokers. Risks for cancer of the stomach in males and females and cancer of the breast in females were observed to be lower with the increase in frequency of soybean paste soup consumption which frequently contains GYV. In daily meat consumers risks were higher for cancer of the lung in both sexes and for cancer of the breast in females. The habit of cigarette smoking was found to confound the apparently elevated risk in daily meat consumers for lung cancer. For breast cancer daily smoking interacted with daily meat consumption in raising the risk. The extent of risk elevation by daily meat consumption was limited when GYV was taken daily. Those who do not consume GYV daily with habits of daily smoking, daily drinking and daily meat intake were found to carry the highest risks for cancer of all sites and for cancers of selected sites such as the mouth and pharynx, esophagus, stomach, liver, larynx, lung, and urinary bladder. When GYV were consumed daily, considerably lower risk was observed for each of these cancers, even if other habits remained unchanged.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3916205 TI - Diet and exposure to N-nitroso compounds. AB - The hypothesis linking nitrate and increased risk of cancer rests on the proposition that nitrate is endogenously reduced to nitrite by bacteria and that carcinogenic N-nitroso compounds are formed. A large number of foods and biological material have been examined for their ability to generate mutagens or carcinogens under simulated gastric conditions in the presence of nitrite. Only a limited number of foods qualify under these conditions for consideration as potential sources of genotoxic agents. Foods that have generated mutagens following nitrosation include beans, salt-preserved fishery products, fermented soy products, and certain moldy foods. In each case there appears to be a potential link between formation of the nitroso compound and epidemiological evidence of increased risk for specific cancers. The present state of knowledge is reviewed and the chemistry of the nitrosation of specific chemicals of interest is discussed. A major problem for the future will be to demonstrate that these N-nitroso compounds form in the population at risk and react with cellular nucleophiles to produce genetic damage. PMID- 3916206 TI - Nitrosatable precursors of mutagens in vegetables and soy sauce. AB - Nitrosatable precursors of mutagens that show mutagenicity to Salmonella typhimurium TA100 without S9 mix after treatment with nitrite at pH 3 were found in various foods. From Chinese cabbage, three indole compounds, indole-3 acetonitrile, 4-methoxyindole-3-acetonitrile, and 4-methoxyindole-3-aldehyde, were identified as mutagen precursors. 1-Methylindole and 2-methylindole, which are present in cigarette smoke showed strong mutagen precursor activity. Escherichia coli WP2 uvrA/pKM101 is more sensitive than S. typhimurium TA100 to nitrosatable precursors in soy sauce after treatment with 1-3 mM nitrite. The mutagenicity of soy sauce towards E. coli WP2 uvrA/pKM101 is partly explained by 1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid (MTCA) and tyramine reported previously. Oral administration of soy sauce and nitrite to male Fischer 344 rats for 2 years induced basal cell proliferation of the forestomach and intestinal metaplasia of the glandular stomach, but did not induce cancers in any organ. 3-Diazotyramine, a mutagenic nitrosation product of tyramine that is present at high concentrations in various foods induced squamous cell carcinomas of the oral cavity of rats when given in their drinking water. The carcinogenesis by N-benzylmethylamine, a nitrosatable precursor and nitrite was prevented by thioproline. PMID- 3916207 TI - Effects of meat composition and cooking conditions on the formation of mutagenic imidazoquinoxalines (MeIQx and its methyl derivatives). AB - In recent years it has been shown that certain methyl derivatives of 3H imidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline-2-amine are responsible for a major part of the mutagenicity formed during frying, broiling or baking of meat, and also formed in the preparation of meat extracts. The present study describes the precursors of these compounds and their formation with participation of Maillard or nonenzymatic browning reactions. The formation of these IQ-type mutagens was shown to occur when model systems of creatin(in)e, reducing monosaccharides, and certain amino acids were heated at 128 degrees C for 2 hr. In meat experiments, the mutagenicity was found to be significantly correlated with the presence of creatin(in)e in the meat samples. The same conditions that are favorable for Maillard reactions, such as supply of starting materials, high temperature, and a suitable water concentration, also increased the yield of mutagenicity during cooking. Fats seemed to act as regulators of the amount of heat transferred into the product rather than as reactants in the formation of mutagenicity. PMID- 3916208 TI - Factors influencing autograft taking in burns. PMID- 3916209 TI - Genetic diseases and antenatal diagnosis. PMID- 3916210 TI - Child health in Malaysia: 1870-1985. PMID- 3916211 TI - Retrospective study of anaesthesia for renal transplantation during the years 1979 till 1984. PMID- 3916212 TI - [The role of outer membrane proteins of E. coli K12 in the cell wall permeability for plasmid DNA]. AB - The Escherichia coli K12 mutant having the increased efficiency for plasmid DNA transformation has been shown to possess the different protein composition of the outer membrane of the cellular wall, as compared with that of the wild type strain. Correlation between the level of calcium-dependent plasmid transformation and the portion of infections DNA bound with cytoplasmic membranes is demonstrated for the Escherichia coli cells mutant for outer membrane structure and ability to be transformed by plasmid DNA. PMID- 3916213 TI - [The use of immunosorption for the analysis of influenza virus RNA in intracellular viral ribonucleoproteins]. AB - Protein A-containing formaldehyde-fixed S. aureus (strain Cowan) was incubated with an antiviral serum or with a monospecific serum against NP protein, washed, and used as immunosorbent in order to isolate viral ribonucleoproteins (nucleocapsids) containing intact viral RNA from the extracts of influenza virus infected [3H]-uridine-labelled cells. PMID- 3916214 TI - [Cloning of the hemagglutinin gene of influenza virus of subtype H3 in E. coli]. AB - dsDNA of the influenza virus subtype A/Leningrad/385/80/R (H3N2)-recombinant A/Leningrad/385/80 (H3N2) and RR/8/34 (H1N1) has been synthesized using polyadenylated viral RNA as a template. This dsDNA has been cloned on plasmid pUC19. A clone has been selected harbouring the plasmid with included proximal fragment of hemagglutinin gene that contains the main antigenic determinants. The hybrid plasmid is hybridizable with RNA of the hemagglutinin gene and with oligonucleotide CATGCAAAACCTTCCC that is complementing the sequence coding for the proximal fragment of the mature hemagglutinin. PMID- 3916215 TI - [Specific modification of DNA at E. coli RNA-polymerase binding sites]. AB - Specific modification of promoter regions of DNA has been studied. Plasmid pK56B1 DNA has been used as a model to test RNA-polymerase binding with DNA under various conditions. RNA-polymerase is shown to form specific complexes with DNA which are stable in solutions with a moderate ionic strength (0.1-0.2 M NaCl), under pH 5-8 in the presence of 0.5 M O-methylhydroxylamine of O-delta aminooxybutylhydroxylamine. Escherichia coli JM103 cells have been transfected with DNAs treated with 0.5 M O-methylhydroxylamine at 37 degrees C, pH 5.2. The inactivation effects of the mutagen on single-stranded DNA of bacteriophage M13 m p1, double-stranded form of this bacteriophage (replicative form-RF) and on the complex of RNA-polymerase with RF DNA have been compared. The obtained data confirmed the specificity of reagent action with DNA sites binding with the enzyme. Selectivity of promoters modification has been confirmed also by the analysis of M13 m p1 DNA mutations induced in lacZ' gene by delta aminooxybutylhydroxylamine effect on the DNA complex with DNA-polymerase. PMID- 3916216 TI - [The role of surface structures of recipient cells in bacterial conjugation]. AB - Previously, while studying conjugation process in bacteria, the main attention was given to donors of plasmids. The aim of this review is to show that recipient cells indeed play an important role in this process too. The main attention is given to the structure of recipient cell walls, which is necessary for the recognition of donor cell pili and the establishment of the contact between the cells, i. e. to the first steps of conjugation between gram-negative microorganisms. The evidence concerning the influence of recipient cell walls defects on transmission of some plasmids is presented. The significant role of defects in lipopolysaccharide structure and of the intrinsic features of protein components of the outer membrane is considered. To the author's mind, the diversity in the cell wall structure creates the "outer barriers" for the plasmid exchange between different bacteria. Like the "inner barriers" (restriction, transcription, mistakes, plasmid incompatibility, etc) these "outer barriers" seem to be crucial for genetic isolation of bacterial species. Postulating this process, the author puts forward the idea of applicability of the conception of the biological species to prokaryotes. PMID- 3916218 TI - [Isolation and characteristics of the thermolabile enterotoxin from Escherichia coli strain H74-114]. AB - The modified method for isolation and purification of LT-enterotoxin from Escherichia coli strain H74-114 has been proposed. Modification is based on exclusion of concentration of bacterial cell lysates by 3-5 fold dilution and changing PH during chromatography. The proposed modification permitted to increase the yield of purified and active product 8-10 fold. The obtained preparations are homogenic due to PAAG-SDS data and immunochemical analysis. B component of TL-enterotoxin is shown to consist of 4 subunits B in contrast to B component of choleragen, consisting of 5 subunits. The mol mass of A component of both toxins is identical but in contrast to choleragen the component of LT enterotoxin is not subject to proteolysis. PMID- 3916217 TI - [Hybrid plasmid with bacterial and fungal markers carrying the denV gene of T4 phage and restoring the UV-resistance of E. coli uvrA]. AB - The hybrid plasmid pYBP2 with bacterial (ampR), yeast (LEU2) and bacteriophage T4 (denV) genes has been constructed. The plasmid transformed Escherichia coli CSR603 uvrA recA ampS leuA phr- to ampicillin resistance, leucine independence, UV-resistance similar to the one of uvrA+ recA strain. Cell-free extracts of transformed Escherichia coli cells contain low level of ultraviolet-endonuclease activity in contrast to nontransformed cells containing no enzyme. PMID- 3916219 TI - [Gene transfer using fusion of isolated cell nuclei with protoplasts of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae]. AB - Hybrid clones of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with different genotypes have been obtained by polyethyleneglycol induced fusion of isolated cellular nuclei with protoplasts. The genetic instability of complete nuclei after fusion results in formation of different genotypes. PMID- 3916220 TI - [The use of immunosorbent chromatography for isolation of alkaline phosphatase from Escherichia coli]. PMID- 3916221 TI - [Characteristics of replication of small colicinogenic plasmids]. AB - Specificity of small multicopy colicinogenic plasmids ColA, ColD, ColE2 and ColK replication has been compared with the one of ColE1 plasmid. Copy number for these plasmids per host cell has been estimated under the normal conditions of cellular growth and under the conditions of chloramphenicol-inhibited growth. DNA polymerase I and dnaB protein, an obligatory component for elongation step in replication, have been shown to be necessary for the plasmids replication. Initiation of plasmids replication has been demonstrated to be independent of dnaA and dnaC proteins. Replication of plasmid ColE2, being similar in its main features to replication of other plasmids from this group, has an important distinction. It requires de novo protein synthesis implying that ColE2 replicon may be different from ColA, ColD, ColK, ColE1 replicons. Thus study of the inducible A, D, K, El colicin synthesis coded by the corresponding plasmids has revealed the similarity regulation of genes, determining the synthesis of each of the mentioned colicins. PMID- 3916223 TI - [Determination of toxigenicity of Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholerae strains by radioimmunologic method]. AB - A solid phase variant of radioimmunoassay has been elaborated for screening toxin producing strains of E. coli and V. cholerae grown on agar plates. The method is based on the ability of cholera-like toxins to be absorbed on nitrocellulose filters and their further identification with the use of homologous sera and [125I]-A protein from staphylococci. Sensitivity of the method reaches 20 pg. The proposed technique permits identification of intracellular enterotoxin and is aimed at a massive screening of E. coli strains, NAG-vibrios and V. cholerae strains for toxin production. PMID- 3916222 TI - [Genetic control of Actinomycetes resistance to antibiotics]. AB - The results of studies on genetic control of resistance to antibiotics in Streptomyces strains are discussed. Cloning and sequence analysis of resistance genes yield information concerning their expression in homo- and heterologous systems, allow analysis of signal sequences responsible for initiation of transcription and translation. Cloning of genes coding for resistance to neomycin,viomycin, thiostrepton in Streptomyces and Bac. licheniformis ermD gene made them convenient selective markers for constructing vector molecules, useful for identification of homology regions in S. fradiae aph gene and TnS of E. coli; the site homologous to ermD gene has been thus revealed in S. erythreus chromosome. Possibilities of the studies aimed at elucidation of instability of many actinomycete characters using determinants of natural multiple resistance to antibiotics as a model are demonstrated. It has been shown that genetic instability is not related to the loss of plasmids and is associated with genes having chromosomal location. Simultaneous high frequency loss of a number of resistance characters determined by non-linked genes suggests the participation in gene activity regulation of actinomycete genome rearrangements. This is confirmed by evidence for such rearrangements found in strains with mutant phenotypes, including deletions in tyrosinase and streptomycin phosphotransferase genes in Mel- and StrS strains of S. reticuli and S. glaucescens. PMID- 3916224 TI - [Biochemical and genetical study of Rickettsia]. AB - The review deals with the phenomenology in the studies on characteristics of surface antigenic and immunogenic structures of Rickettsia, their cellular membranes, the processes of metabolic cooperation and interaction with the host cells, and the structure of Rickettsia genome. The data on active antigenic and immunogenic proteins distribution in inner and outer membranes and on osmotically active functioning cellular membrane, including the specific substrate carriers, are discussed. The materials, are presented on the specific ADP-ATP transport system, slightly different from the mitochondrial one, in evidence that Rickettsia utilize ATP in two pathways: endogenous and exogenous. The metabolic regulatory processes, controlled by adenine nucleotides are discussed that could be used as a means of fitting to constantly changing conditions of Rickettsia ecological niche. The Rickettsia deficiency in AMP catabolism enzyme could be used for allosteric-regulation of citrate synthase, the key enzyme in the Krebs cycle. The data on the mol mass of Rickettsia DNA (1 x 10(9)) and the characteristics of plasmids are presented. In conclusion new data on molecular cloning of Rickettsia genes in vector plasmids and the restriction analysis of specific DNA sequences are discussed. PMID- 3916225 TI - [The contribution of medical scientists to infection control during World War II]. PMID- 3916226 TI - [Recombinant plasmids carrying multiple markers: isolation during yeast co transformation]. AB - Cotransformants of yeast cells by two partially homologous plasmids, one of which is incapable of autonomous replication, has been used to construct multiply marked recombinant plasmids. Only simultaneous elimination of three yeast markers was registered when episomal plasmid, carrying Ade2 gene, and integrative plasmid, carrying yeast genes LEU2 and URA3, were cotransformed. Transformants, in which yeast genes LEU2, URA3 and HIS3 are linked, have been isolated by analogous technique. The genetic analysis has confirmed existence of plasmid cointegrates in the transformant cells, which carry three yeast genes, bacterial DNA fragment and 2 micrometers DNA fragment, coding for replicative functions. Recombination in the region of bacterial plasmid pBR322 might have resulted in formation of such plasmids. Plasmid recombination in cotransformants has been used to construct multiply marked circular chromosomes, having included yeast genes LEU2, URA3 and TRP1, centromere of the IV yeast chromosome and the sequence coding for their replication in yeast as well as in E. coli cells. PMID- 3916227 TI - [Increased transformation ability of Escherichia coli strains carrying the plasmid pLD4]. AB - The effect of resident plasmid pLD4, a derivative of plasmid Hly241, on transformability of the host bacteria cells has been studied. Plasmid pLD4 was transferred into the different strains of E. coli subsequently transformed by the DNA of plasmids pBR322, pBR325, pAL-R2, pMB9. The majority of strains harbouring pLD4 obtain the increased ability to be transformed as compared with the ability of isogenic plasmidless strains. The similar but less expressed effect was conferred by the plasmid Hly241. Another hemolytic plasmid Hly195 and its derivatives, carrying the different transposons, as well as plasmid F' tet Hly did not increase the transformability of host bacteria. The optimal parameters for transformation of the strains harbouring pLD4 and plasmidless strains coincide, but the number of competent cells is considerably higher for plasmid containing strains, due to preliminary results. PMID- 3916228 TI - [The use of immunoenzyme methods in virology]. AB - Data on the development of theoretical basis of immunoenzyme (IE)method s (EMIT analysis and ELISA) and on using these methods in virology are presented. The problems arising in the use of most popular version of IE analysis. ELISA, are elucidated: the schemes for different variants of ELISA; the demands to adsorbent, enzyme and substrate for achieving the maximum of sensitivity of the technique; comparison of the advantages of different ELISA variants in identification of various antigens and antibodies. The data on using ELISA for indication and identification of viral antigens and virus specific antibodies are analyzed. The respiratory viruses have been used to demonstrate the possibilities of IE technique for rapid diagnostic of viral diseases and for studies in viral reproduction and structure. PMID- 3916229 TI - [The role of the gene umuC and plasmid muc genes in mutagenesis induced by dioxidine in E. coli K12]. AB - The mutability induced by dioxidine in E. coli cells has been shown to be stringently dependent on a function of chromosomal umuC+ gene. Suppression of an umuC mutation by plasmids pKM101 or ColIb, restoring the dioxidine induced mutability, proves the possibility of umuC gene functional complementation by the plasmid muc+ genes. PMID- 3916230 TI - [Effect of mutations damaging cyclic adenosine-3',5'-monophosphate receptor protein on the expression of catabolic operons in Escherichia coli delta ptsH K12]. AB - Effectivity of expression of catabolite operons is repressed in bacteria with altered cytoplasmic components of the sugar, transport system (pts mutants). Mutation crp* changing the ability of the cyclic adenosine-3',5'-monophosphate receptor protein to activate transcription leads to suppression of the pts mediated disturbance of the enzyme inducible synthesis. This suppression manifests in ability of double delta ptsH crp* mutants to utilize different substrates and in restoration of the rate of beta-galactosidase synthesis and L tryptophanase synthesis up to the levels in wild type bacteria. PMID- 3916231 TI - [Liposomes as a carrier of genetic information]. AB - Incorporation of genetic material into the bilayer lipid vesicles (liposomes) and the subsequent transfer of liposomal content into cells or protoplasts appear to be a promising technique for transfer of genetic information. The following three methods are most frequently used to incorporate DNA into liposomes lipid microinjection into aqueous phase, multistep treatment of the lipid suspension by ultrasonication, Ca2+ ions and EDTA, reverse phase evaporation. Viral particles, chromosomes, nuclei, viral nucleic acids, plasmids and chromosomal DNA can be successfully transferred into animal and plant protoplasts by the described technique. Successful transformation of a number of microorganisms (Neurospora, E. coli, B. subtilis, Streptomyces, Mycoplasma) with the liposome incorporated DNA has also been reported. Transformation frequency can be considerably increased by optimizing the conditions of liposome formation or of liposome protoplasts interaction. PMID- 3916232 TI - [Structural separation of the functional loci of bacteriophage T4 short fibrillae]. AB - Short-tail fibers (STF) of bacteriophage T4 are a polyfunctional protein. STF appears to be a trimer of gene 12 product. The modified trimers, consisting of fragments of gene 12 product with mol mass 45 and 50 Kd, respectively, were isolated by limited proteolysis with trypsin and papain. The isolated trimers retained their bactericidal activity but were unable to complement the fiberless phage particles. The results obtained suggest that STF loci responsible for bactericidal effect are separated from the loci involved in interaction with the base plate. PMID- 3916233 TI - [The effect of methylnitronitrosoguanidine on DNA synthesis in human and animal cells. Inhibition of DNA synthesis in asynchronous and synchronous cultured cells]. AB - Methylnitronitrosoguanidine (MNNG) is reported to inhibit DNA synthesis in intact human cells, in the cells from patients with ataxia telangiectasia (AT) or the cells from two rodent species. DNA synthesis in different cell lines exhibits varying sensitivity to MNNG inhibitory effect. 4-5-fold higher concentrations of MNNG are required for 50% inhibition of DNA synthesis in AT cells or in field vole cells as compared with the concentration required for human cells or Chinese hamster. The different compactness of two chromatin fractions might possibly result in lower sensitivity of DNA synthesis in heterochromatin to MNNG-induced inhibition as compared with the sensitivity of euchromatin. The genetic expression of AT defect on the cellular level is supposed to be connected with changes in supramolecular packaging of chromatin in interphase nuclei. PMID- 3916234 TI - [Purification of plasmid DNA by chromatographic methods]. AB - Chromatographic methods have been used to purify the DNA of plasmid RP1. DNA was purified in two stages. DNA was precipitated by ethanol and separated from RNA and proteins in Sepharose 4B column after lysis of plasmid containing cells by alkaline solution of sodium dodecylsulphate. Separation of the total DNA preparation and isolation of plasmid DNA was achieved at the second stage by chromatography on the hydroxyapatite column. The resulting purified plasmid DNA was free of RNA, protein and linear fragments of chromosomal DNA. The plasmid DNA kept intact native structure and possessed the transforming activity. The DNA of RP1 yield after purification by the described technique presented 70-80 micrograms per g of wet biomass. PMID- 3916235 TI - Application of the Directigen Group B Strep-test kit to the rapid identification of group B Streptococcus strains. PMID- 3916236 TI - Mass spectrometry of lipids labeled with stable isotopes. PMID- 3916237 TI - Insect lipids and lipoproteins, and their role in physiological processes. PMID- 3916238 TI - Lipids of nervous tissue: composition and metabolism. AB - As indicated in the Introduction, the many significant developments in the recent past in our knowledge of the lipids of the nervous system have been collated in this article. That there is a sustained interest in this field is evident from the rather long bibliography which is itself selective. Obviously, it is not possible to summarize a review in which the chemistry, distribution and metabolism of a great variety of lipids have been discussed. However, from the progress of research, some general conclusions may be drawn. The period of discovery of new lipids in the nervous system appears to be over. All the major lipid components have been discovered and a great deal is now known about their structure and metabolism. Analytical data on the lipid composition of the CNS are available for a number of species and such data on the major areas of the brain are also at hand but information on the various subregions is meagre. Such investigations may yet provide clues to the role of lipids in brain function. Compared to CNS, information on PNS is less adequate. Further research on PNS would be worthwhile as it is amenable for experimental manipulation and complex mechanisms such as myelination can be investigated in this tissue. There are reports correlating lipid constituents with the increased complexity in the organization of the nervous system during evolution. This line of investigation may prove useful. The basic aim of research on the lipids of the nervous tissue is to unravel their functional significance. Most of the hydrophobic moieties of the nervous tissue lipids are comprised of very long chain, highly unsaturated and in some cases hydroxylated residues, and recent studies have shown that each lipid class contains characteristic molecular species. Their contribution to the properties of neural membranes such as excitability remains to be elucidated. Similarly, a large proportion of the phospholipid molecules in the myelin membrane are ethanolamine plasmalogens and their importance in this membrane is not known. It is firmly established that phosphatidylinositol and possibly polyphosphoinositides are involved with events at the synapse during impulse propagation, but their precise role in molecular terms is not clear. Gangliosides, with their structural complexity and amphipathic nature, have been implicated in a number of biological events which include cellular recognition and acting as adjuncts at receptor sites. More recently, growth promoting and neuritogenic functions have been ascribed to gangliosides. These interesting properties of gangliosides wIll undoubtedly attract greater attention in the future.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3916239 TI - Lipophilic xenobiotic conjugates: the pharmacological and toxicological consequences of the participation of drugs and other foreign compounds as substrates in lipid biosynthesis. PMID- 3916240 TI - Why fatty acids flow in cell membranes. PMID- 3916241 TI - Metathesis reactions of fatty acid esters. PMID- 3916242 TI - [Clinical study of the role of adhesion, cohesion and suction in the retention of complete upper dentures]. PMID- 3916243 TI - [Types and preparation methods for acid etched technic (AET) bridges]. PMID- 3916244 TI - [Linear contraction and accuracy of impressions of an imprinted alginate material in comparison with a silicone material for consistent finishing]. PMID- 3916245 TI - Problems of retention of resin facings in metal crowns. PMID- 3916246 TI - [Automated epidemiological surveillance ]. PMID- 3916247 TI - [Non-tuberculous mycobacteria in symptomatic patients in Havana City province]. PMID- 3916248 TI - [Use of radial hemolysis in the diagnosis of dengue]. PMID- 3916249 TI - [Use of monoclonal antibodies for the identification, by the indirect immunofluorescence technic, of several strains of dengue isolated during the hemorrhagic fever epidemic, Cuba, 1981]. PMID- 3916250 TI - [Mycobacteriosis caused by M. szulgai. Microbiological diagnosis using thin-layer chromatography]. PMID- 3916252 TI - [Comparison of ELISA with the technics of indirect immunofluorescence and complement fixation in the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis]. PMID- 3916251 TI - [Retrospective sero-epidemiological survey of dengue virus in the town of Cerro. Methodology]. PMID- 3916253 TI - [Isolation of dermatophytes from dogs without clinical lesions]. PMID- 3916254 TI - [Detection of immune complexes in lepromatous leprosy. I. Evaluation of the polyethylene glycol precipitation technic]. PMID- 3916255 TI - [Morphometric studies of 3 species of Drepanotrema]. PMID- 3916257 TI - [Virologic diagnosis: its usefulness and necessity]. PMID- 3916256 TI - [Complicated tropical pyomyositis simulating acute abdomen]. PMID- 3916258 TI - [Isolation of Leptospira in conventional animals, Mus musculus (albino variety) obtained from a traditional breeding center]. PMID- 3916259 TI - [Immunologic identification of Histoplasma capsulatum using counterimmunoelectrophoresis]. PMID- 3916260 TI - [Biological control of mosquito larvae using aquatic beetles under laboratory conditions]. PMID- 3916262 TI - On the safety of diagnostic ultrasonography in obstetrics and gynecology. AB - Considering the safety of diagnostic ultrasound in obstetrics and gynecology we reviewed data from experimental studies as well as human data. It is concluded that when performed for specific medical indications, diagnostic ultrasonography is safe. PMID- 3916261 TI - Decision making in thermally stressful environments. AB - The literature on investigations into effects of thermal stress of psychological performance is reviewed in order to hypothesize ways in which functions of a decision-making process may be affected by exposure of a decision maker to hot and cold environmental conditions. A theoretical model is described relating psycho-physiological strain, associated with exposure to environmental thermal stress, to efficiency of performance of psychological tasks, categorized in terms of demands made on the human operator. From the evidence available, it appears that three aspects of decision making may be vulnerable to adverse effects of thermal stress. The initiation of the process of decision making may occur less reliably when cold or heat stress leads to signals, which may be serving as decision-making process prompts, being missed. Cognitive operations relating to information processing and evaluative procedures may be subject to decrements in efficiency when conducted in thermally stressful conditions. Thirdly, actions intending to implement decisions taken may be less effectively performed in thermally extreme environments. PMID- 3916263 TI - Prescription frequency, iatrogenesis and economic evaluation. AB - Iatrogenesis is classified into two broad types: direct and indirect. By indirect iatrogenesis is meant the accidental or deliberate misuse of prescribed medication. Deliberate indirect iatrogenesis is explored through an analysis of deliberate non-fatal self-poisoning. A statistically significant relationship, previously found, between deliberate non-fatal self-poisoning and the frequency of prescription of psychotropics is used to evaluate the economic consequences of self-poisoning to the hospital sector. In the decision to use or not to use a particular drug, the importance of risk-benefit analysis is stressed. This analysis is used to distinguish between a drug's safety and efficacy. In general, no one criterion should be used to choose between alternative drugs. Finally, some policy implications of the analysis for psychotropic prescriptions are considered. PMID- 3916264 TI - Caffeine and human reproduction. AB - The widespread use of caffeine justifies its being thoroughly investigated for signs of any adverse effects it might have in relation to human reproduction. The present review surveys a range of potential adverse influences of caffeine, including its pharmacological effects on the fetus and neonate, its teratogenicity, its possible effect on intrauterine growth, and its possible involvement in reproductive loss. While evidence of adverse effects does exist, the quality of the research conducted to date does not permit any firm conclusions. In general, the relevant research has been characterized by significant methodological inadequacies, including: extensive reliance on retrospective questionnaire and/or interview data; inadequate control and quantification of the independent variable of caffeine use; lack of control over potentially confounding factors (especially alcohol and nicotine use); and the absence of adequate control groups. PMID- 3916265 TI - Photochemical processes of drugs and dyes. AB - The physicochemical properties of light and their interaction with organic material are reviewed. The photochemical reactions of a selected number of organic structures are appraised with the intention of facilitating prediction of likely degradation products from irradiation of drugs, dyes and mixtures thereof with solar and artificial light. There is a brief assessment of the problems associated with photochemical spoilage and some suggested means of remedy. PMID- 3916266 TI - The man behind the eponym. Paul Langerhans. A genius at observation. PMID- 3916267 TI - Does a Pre-Raphaelite painting by Ford Madox Brown depict a case of systemic sclerosis? PMID- 3916268 TI - Smollett and Newman. Travelers in travail. PMID- 3916269 TI - Interpretations of citations from the Bible. PMID- 3916270 TI - Thomas Hodgkin in Jewish history. PMID- 3916271 TI - The estimation of microbial biomass. AB - Methods that have been used to estimate the content, and in some cases the nature, of the microbial biomass in a sample are reviewed. The methods may be categorised in terms of their principle (physical, chemical, biological or mathematical/computational), their speed (real-time or otherwise) and the amount of automation/expense involved. For sparse populations, where the output signal is to be enhanced by growth of the organisms, physical, chemical and biological approaches may be of equal merit, whilst in systems, such as laboratory and industrial fermentations, in which the microbial biomass content is high, physical methods (alone) can permit the real-time estimation of microbial biomass. PMID- 3916272 TI - Diabetes mellitus: biosensors for research and management. AB - The condition of diabetes mellitus is described with particular reference to the parameters that it would be desirable to monitor in order to improve management and understanding of the disease. Previous attention has largely focused on analysis of glucose, but many other intermediates of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism are deranged in diabetes and may be alternative measures of control. The need for laboratory analysers, self-monitoring, closed-loop devices and alarms are detailed and the problems associated with implantable sensors discussed. Progress in the development of biosensors is reviewed using glucose sensors as the main example. Electrochemical, optoelectronic and calorimetric approaches to sensing are considered and it is concluded that configurations based either on hydrogen peroxide detection or on mediated electron transfer are most likely to provide a raid route to in vivo monitoring. The extension of biosensor technology to tackle other important substrates is discussed, the principal hurdle to success being seen as the lack of long-term stability of the biological component. PMID- 3916273 TI - [Intraosseous dental implants]. PMID- 3916274 TI - [Scanning microscopy of the enamel surface prepared for the bonding of adhesive materials]. PMID- 3916275 TI - [Pathology of bus drivers. I]. AB - A short synthesis of data available on bus-drivers' pathology has been made and several features, related to work conditions, have been discussed taking in account their influence on health. PMID- 3916276 TI - In-vitro adherence of Candida albicans to conjunctival epithelial cells of patients using topical steroids. PMID- 3916277 TI - Physiological characteristics of Streptococcus dysgalactiae and Streptococcus uberis and the effect of the lactoperoxidase complex on their growth in a chemically-defined medium and milk. AB - Aerobic or anaerobic degradation of glucose by Streptococcus dysgalactiae and Streptococcus uberis yielded products qualitatively similar to those observed previously for Streptococcus agalactiae. There were, however, quantitative differences. Though acetoin was formed during aerobic growth of Streptococcus uberis, there was none with Streptococcus dysgalactiae. Differences between Streptococcus dysgalactiae and Streptococcus uberis in their aerobic metabolism of glucose was in lower oxygen consumption (.5 mol/mol of glucose), greater conversion of glucose to lactic acid, and lower molar growth yields with Streptococcus uberis. Cell suspensions of Streptococcus uberis had strong peroxidase activity, and no hydrogen peroxide accumulated during the respiration on glucose. With Streptococcus dysgalactiae, there was more oxygen consumed during growth (1.5 mol/mol of glucose used), greater conversion of glucose to acetic and formic acids and carbon dioxide, and a cell yield of about 6 g of dry cells more per mole of glucose than with Streptococcus uberis. This increase in molar growth yield with Streptococcus dysgalactiae over Streptococcus uberis could be nearly all accounted for by differences in the amount of substrate level adenosine triphosphate generated. Cell suspensions oxidizing glucose accumulated hydrogen peroxide and showed no peroxidase activity. Streptococcus dysgalactiae showed the same growth relationships in three milk media as Streptococcus agalactiae, although growth and acid formation values were much lower. Growth inhibition by the lactoperoxidase complex was reversed with cystine. Acid formation by Streptococcus uberis was decreased by the lactoperoxidase complex and increased by the addition of cystine; however, neither appeared to affect the growth of the organism. PMID- 3916278 TI - Thrombin-endothelial interactions: role in lung vascular permeability. PMID- 3916279 TI - [Medical diagnostic help through information storage]. PMID- 3916280 TI - [Attritional occlusion, the basis of the Begg technic]. PMID- 3916281 TI - [Surgery of the sequelae of labionasomaxillary clefts at the end of adolescence]. PMID- 3916282 TI - [Treatment by multiple lingual attachments]. PMID- 3916283 TI - [Critical study of the placement of attachments]. PMID- 3916284 TI - [Root status of stress-breaker abutment teeth (topographic observation of the surfaces and mineralization study using scanning electron microscopy with a solid detector]. PMID- 3916285 TI - [The Sandiforts and craniofacial pathology at the dawn of the 19th century]. PMID- 3916286 TI - An update on the identity crisis of monoamine oxidase: new and old evidence for the independence of MAO A and B. PMID- 3916287 TI - Current ideas on the chemical mechanism of ribonucleotide reductases. PMID- 3916288 TI - [Treatment of abutment teeth and importance of gingival sulcus retraction in the process of making fixed denture restorations]. PMID- 3916289 TI - [Antireflux mechanism in jejuno-ileal bypass in the surgical treatment of pathologic obesity. An experimental study]. PMID- 3916291 TI - Lymphoid tumors of the orbit. A clinico-pathological study of eleven cases. PMID- 3916290 TI - Treatment of choroidal melanomas. PMID- 3916292 TI - Clinical aspects of ocular reticulum cell sarcoma. PMID- 3916293 TI - An unusual case of ocular phthisis. PMID- 3916294 TI - How to surmount Listing? PMID- 3916295 TI - [Inoculation of Mycobacterium leprae into beige mice]. PMID- 3916296 TI - [On leprosy control policy in Okinawa]. PMID- 3916297 TI - Interactive development and evaluation of an independently accessible video education system for rehabilitation. PMID- 3916298 TI - The challenge to the VA health care system: portents of the FY'86 medical care budget. PMID- 3916299 TI - [Changes in erythrocyte membrane protein in congenital dyserythropoietic anemia type II (C.D.A.II, HEMPAS)]. PMID- 3916300 TI - [Prevalence of cholelithiasis in thalassemia major evaluated with echotomography. Results and statistical correlations]. PMID- 3916301 TI - [Prenatal results in genetic osteochondrodysplasia. Diagnostic protocol]. PMID- 3916302 TI - Medical use of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). AB - DMSO is a clear odorless liquid, inexpensively produced as a by-product of the paper industry. It is widely available in the USA as a solvent but its medical use is currently restricted by the FDA to the palliative treatment of interstitial cystitis and to certain experimental applications. Cutaneous manifestations of scleroderma appear to resolve (albeit equivocally) following topical applications of high concentrations of DMSO. A limited number of small clinical trials indicate that intravenous DMSO may be of benefit in the treatment of amyloidosis, possibly by mobilizing amyloid deposits out of tissues into urine. Dermal application of DMSO seems to provide rapid, temporary, relief of pain in patients with arthritis and connective tissue injuries. However, claims for antiinflammatory effects or acceleration of healing are currently unwarranted. There is no evidence that DMSO can alter progression of degenerative joint disease, and, for this reason, DMSO may be considered for palliative treatment only and not to the exclusion of standard antiinflammatory agents. The safety of DMSO in combination with other drugs has not been established; neurotoxic interactions with sulindac have been reported. In experimental animals, intravenous DMSO is as effective as mannitol and dexamethasone in reversing cerebral edema and intracranial hypertension. An initial clinical trial in 11 patients tends to support this latter application. DMSO enhances diffusion of other chemicals through the skin, and, for this reason, mixtures of idoxuridine and DMSO are used for topical treatment of herpes zoster in the UK. Adverse reactions to DMSO are common, but are usually minor and related to the concentration of DMSO in the medication solution. Consequently, the most frequent side effects, such as skin rash and pruritus after dermal application, intravascular hemolysis after intravenous infusion and gastrointestinal discomfort after oral administration, can be avoided in large part by employing more dilute solutions. Most clinical trials of DMSO have not incorporated the components of experimental design necessary for objective, statistical evaluation of efficacy. Randomized comparisons between DMSO, placebo and known active treatments were rarely completed. Final approval of topical DMSO for treatment of rheumatic diseases in particular will require a multi-center, randomized comparison between high and low concentrations of DMSO and an orally-active, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3916303 TI - Pharmacology and therapeutics of congestive heart failure. PMID- 3916304 TI - Calmodulin: structure-function relations and inhibitors. PMID- 3916305 TI - Cardiovascular function and amine metabolism in liver disease. PMID- 3916306 TI - The antimalarial mode of action of chloroquine. PMID- 3916308 TI - [Orthotopic transplantation of the liver in dogs]. PMID- 3916307 TI - Role of adenosine in sleep in rats. AB - The effects on sleep of N6-L-(phenylisopropyl) adenosine, cyclohexyladenosine and adenosine-5'-ethylcarboxamide were studied in rats. Also, the effects on sleep of deoxycoformycin, a potent inhibitor of adenosine deaminase, and adenosine were examined. In addition, we determined the effects of 48 h of REM sleep deprivation on adenosine (A1) receptors in specific brain structures. N6-L-(phenylisopropyl) adenosine and cyclohexyl-adenosine increased deep slow wave sleep and REM sleep whereas adenosine-5'-ethylcarboxamide increased only deep slow-wave sleep. At the dose of 0.9 mumol/kg all three adenosine analogs suppressed REM sleep and except for adenosine-5-ethylcarboxamide, were without an effect on deep slow-wave sleep. In accordance, administration of deoxycoformycin increased REM and deep slow-wave sleep. Intracerebroventricular administration of 1, 10 and 100 nmoles of adenosine to rats decreased waking, increased deep slow-wave sleep and increased total sleep. In addition, REM sleep deprivation significantly increased the number of A1 receptors (Bmax) in cerebral cortex and corpus striatum which correlates with the increased pressure for REM sleep and the onset of REM sleep rebound. When these data are taken together, they indicate a role for adenosine in the regulation of sleep and, in contrast to barbiturate and benzodiazepine hypnotics, increase in behaviorally deep and REM sleep. PMID- 3916309 TI - [Ultrasonic diagnosis in gallbladder diseases]. PMID- 3916310 TI - 38 years' experience in scoliosis treatment. PMID- 3916311 TI - [Amputations and loss of cutaneous substance of the digits. The choice of the appropriate surgical treatment]. PMID- 3916312 TI - [Joint prosthesis of the hip with a bone graft in acetabular protrusion]. PMID- 3916313 TI - 1985 index issue. Cumulative indexes for Volumes 126-133. PMID- 3916314 TI - Bibliography on arctic medical research in the USSR. PMID- 3916315 TI - Protein localization and membrane traffic in yeast. PMID- 3916316 TI - Microtubule organizing centers. PMID- 3916317 TI - Organization, chemistry, and assembly of the cytoskeletal apparatus of the intestinal brush border. PMID- 3916318 TI - Chromosome segregation in mitosis and meiosis. PMID- 3916319 TI - Using recombinant DNA techniques to study protein targeting in the eucaryotic cell. PMID- 3916320 TI - Progress in unraveling pathways of Golgi traffic. PMID- 3916321 TI - Biogenesis of peroxisomes. PMID- 3916322 TI - Stabilizing infrastructure of cell membranes. PMID- 3916324 TI - Cell migration in the vertebrate embryo: role of cell adhesion and tissue environment in pattern formation. PMID- 3916323 TI - Molecular biology of fibronectin. PMID- 3916325 TI - [Volume of the spine in the post-somite stage: morphometric quantification]. AB - The volume of the spine was measured in 9 embryos from 8 to 31 mm Crown-Rump length (complete series of cross-sections). Spine morphometry was performed by planimetric point counting of horizontal projection on a 5 mm square grid. Total spine volume was integrated by multiplication of the thickness by the area. The integrated volumes (including the base of the skull around the foramen magnum) were aligned on the diagram : linear length v.s. semi-logarithmic volume. The correlation between the spine volume and the total length is very high (r = 0.94; p less than 0.01). There was no significant variation of the whole spine curvature during this period (angular value and curve radius). Linear measurements of the maximal width on the entire embryos and their spine were expressed with the crown-rump length, drawing linear curvatures with slight irregularity, emphasized by plotting the values of indices. These variations could be due both to the imprecision in section thickness and to the individual variation during the spinal growth for this embryonic phase. PMID- 3916326 TI - [The kidney collecting system in man: systematization and morphometry based on 100 polyester resin casts]. AB - This study was made on 100 polyester casts of human rena cavities. Four morphological types were founded on the basis of the superior, middle and inferior great calices drainage. Types AI and AII showed two great calices, types BI and BII showed an independent middle drainage. The number of small calices were not statistically correlationed to number of great calices and morphometrical renal data. The inter-pelvis-calices space was described (IPC, type AII) as well as the pelvis perpendicular small calice. PMID- 3916327 TI - [The spermatic artery of the albino rat. Spiral segment]. PMID- 3916328 TI - Command and the neural causation of behavior: a theoretical analysis of the necessity and sufficiency paradigm. AB - The command concept is the prevalent explanation for initiation of behavioral acts. We review the theory and methods used to show the existence of neurons mediating command function according to a major approach, which we call the Command Neuron Experiment (CNE). The CNE claims that command neurons are the cause of, or are necessary and sufficient for, the execution of behavioral acts. In the CNE, command function is unequivocally localized to a structure, the command neuron. However, findings from an archetypal command neuron, the Mauthner cell, produce anomalous interpretations in the context of this theory. This conflict is the cumulative result of faulty causal, operational and behavioral themes in the CNE. These themes readily lead to false-positive or false-negative conclusions when its operational procedures are applied. We conclude that this concept must be abandoned. In a companion paper we propose a re-formulation of command as a dynamic system property that is intermediate to neurophysiological and behavioral contexts and independent of methods, structures, or preconceived causal schemes. PMID- 3916329 TI - Multipoint identification. Experience with an established technique. AB - The introduction and use of a multipoint inoculation identification scheme in a diagnostic laboratory processing approximately 60,000 specimens per years is described. PMID- 3916330 TI - Interaction of human T lymphocytes with E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS). AB - We have examined the interaction of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) labeled E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) with human T lymphocytes by means of cell flow cytometry, in an effort to establish the type and the conditions of this interaction. Our results indicate that the interaction of LPS with human T lymphocytes is optimal at 37 degrees C. This interaction is rapid and reaches the maximum after 5 minutes and is followed by endocytosis. Our results show that sodium azide and trypsin treatment does not affect LPS- human T cell interaction, suggesting a nonspecific lipid-lipid interaction. PMID- 3916332 TI - Radiotherapy prostheses. PMID- 3916331 TI - Human mononuclear phagocytic cell interaction with some Paramyxoviridae. AB - In consideration of the peculiar relationship between Paramyxoviridae and immunocompetent system, we studied interactions of measles virus, Newcastle disease virus and respiratory syncytial virus with human monocytes and macrophages differentiated "in vitro". Mononuclear cells were challenged with three different Paramyxovirus at different multiplicities of infection. Infected cells were then checked for expression of specific viral antigens by immunofluorescent test (FA). Moreover, we have evaluated the intrinsic antiviral activity and single cycle growth curves. PMID- 3916333 TI - Malignant lymphoma of the uterine cervix--a report of two cases with review of literature. PMID- 3916334 TI - [The Maryland bridge: scanning electron microscopy evaluation of an etching technic for the metal]. PMID- 3916335 TI - [Oral status and eventual digestive disturbances in the aged]. PMID- 3916336 TI - Studies on the antigenicity of the eggs of Schistosoma japonicum collected from an unearthed ancient corpse of the Western Han dynasty (167 B.C.). PMID- 3916337 TI - Circulatory implications of exercise and heat stress. PMID- 3916338 TI - Isolation and purification of O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase from human leukemic cells. Prevention of chloroethylnitrosourea-induced cross-links by purified enzyme. PMID- 3916339 TI - Quantitation of DNA repair capacities of human tumor cells by estimation of transfer of DNA adducts to repair proteins. AB - The repair of O6-methylguanine produced in DNA by alkylating agents is accomplished by a unique lesion reversal mechanism which recognizes the methyl group and transfers it to itself in a suicide reaction. Much of what we know about the importance of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase repair in human cells comes from the study of Mer- tumor cell strains which are deficient in transferase activity. The human transferase has a preference for repair of methyl groups, but will also act on other substrates. Assays for transferase activity detect either the loss of O6-methylguanine from DNA or the appearance of methylated protein. A new assay detects the recovery of a restriction site in a synthetic polymer following demethylation. Inhibition of transferase activity can be produced in cells by several methods. PMID- 3916340 TI - The Hofmeister effect and the behaviour of water at interfaces. AB - Starting from known properties of non-specific salt effects on the surface tension at an air-water interface, we propose the first general, detailed qualitative molecular mechanism for the origins of ion-specific (Hofmeister) effects on the surface potential difference at an air-water interface; this mechanism suggests a simple model for the behaviour of water at all interfaces (including water-solute interfaces), regardless of whether the non-aqueous component is neutral or charged, polar or non-polar. Specifically, water near an isolated interface is conceptually divided into three layers, each layer being I water-molecule thick. We propose that the solute determines the behaviour of the adjacent first interfacial water layer (I1); that the bulk solution determines the behaviour of the third interfacial water layer (I3), and that both I1 and I3 compete for hydrogen-bonding interactions with the intervening water layer (I2), which can be thought of as a transition layer. The model requires that a polar kosmotrope (polar water-structure maker) interact with I1 more strongly than would bulk water in its place; that a chaotrope (water-structure breaker) interact with I1 somewhat less strongly than would bulk water in its place; and that a non-polar kosmotrope (non-polar water-structure maker) interact with I1 much less strongly than would bulk water in its place. We introduce two simple new postulates to describe the behaviour of I1 water molecules in aqueous solution. The first, the 'relative competition' postulate, states that an I1 water molecule, in maximizing its free energy (--delta G), will favour those of its highly directional polar (hydrogen-bonding) interactions with its immediate neighbours for which the maximum pairwise enthalpy of interaction (--delta H) is greatest; that is, it will favour the strongest interactions. We describe such behaviour as 'compliant', since an I1 water molecule will continually adjust its position to maximize these strong interactions. Its behaviour towards its remaining immediate neighbours, with whom it interacts relatively weakly (but still favourably), we describe as 'recalcitrant', since it will be unable to adjust its position to maximize simultaneously these interactions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3916341 TI - Constraints on the accuracy of messenger RNA movement. PMID- 3916342 TI - The production and absorption of heat associated with electrical activity in nerve and electric organ. PMID- 3916343 TI - [The life and work of Gaspar Vianna (1885-1914)]. PMID- 3916344 TI - Sarcoidosis of the thyroid gland. AB - A case of thyroid gland sarcoidosis is reported, which mimicked a tumour at scintiscan, ultrasound investigation and operation. PMID- 3916345 TI - In memoriam Robert Willan (1757-1812). PMID- 3916346 TI - [Clinico-laboratory characteristics of mixed Escherichia coli infections in children under a year old]. PMID- 3916347 TI - [Pseudotuberculosis in young children]. PMID- 3916348 TI - [Etiology of the respiratory syndrome in patients with salmonellosis typhimurium]. PMID- 3916349 TI - [Intestinal infections in children caused by a combination of Shigellae, Salmonellae and Escherichiae]. PMID- 3916350 TI - [Shigellemia in a patient with the septic variant of the course of dysentery (clinical case)]. PMID- 3916351 TI - [Efficacy of antibacterial therapy in salmonellosis typhimurium in children]. PMID- 3916352 TI - [Clinical study of the antiviral preparation ML-76 in influenza]. PMID- 3916353 TI - [The most important questions concerning the epidemiology of viral hepatitis A]. PMID- 3916354 TI - An annotated bibliography to suicide and life-threatening behavior. Volumes 1-13 (1971-1983). PMID- 3916355 TI - [The beginning and development of oral medicine in the USSR (1885-1965)]. PMID- 3916356 TI - [Intraocular implantation of dermo-fat grafts, technic, indications, results]. PMID- 3916357 TI - [Dermo-fat grafts in the reconstruction of the orbital cavity. Indications- results]. PMID- 3916358 TI - [Echographic and clinical correlations in orbito-ocular pathology in children]. PMID- 3916359 TI - [Echography and intraocular tumors]. PMID- 3916360 TI - Duchenne de Boulogne and human facial expression. PMID- 3916361 TI - [Gingival recession: treatment of exposed root surfaces. II]. PMID- 3916362 TI - [Progress in conservative dentistry: dentin adhesives. II. Treatment of vital teeth]. PMID- 3916363 TI - [Virologic diagnosis: why? A partially prejudiced viewpoint]. PMID- 3916364 TI - Intra-abdominal cysts detected at prenatal ultrasound screening. AB - This report describes the ultrasonographic findings in 2 fetuses with intra abdominal tumours. Both were detected in the 32nd week of gestation and could be visualized throughout the pregnancy. Postnatally, the findings were verified at repeated examinations of the infants, and successful operations undertaken at 4 and 8 months of age, respectively. The tumours represented cysts, probably derived from bleeding in diffuse haemangiomas. PMID- 3916365 TI - Transient obstruction of the kidney and hypertension due to neonatal adrenal hemorrhage. Case report. AB - A case of neonatal adrenal hemorrhage associated with transient obstruction of the kidney and hypertension is reported. Sonography demonstrated a mass in the right suprarenal area, consistent with hemorrhage into the adrenal gland. DTPA renal scan showed prolonged retention of the injected material in the right kidney, consistent with obstructed outflow from the renal collecting system. Gradual decrease in the size of the suprarenal mass was associated with relief of the renal obstruction as evidenced by a normal repeat renal scan, and a return to normal of the blood pressure. It appears that the cause for the hypertension was the acute renal obstruction, which was due to either direct pressure on the proximal ureter by a large adrenal mass or secondary to displacement of the kidney by the mass resulting in kinking of the proximal ureter. PMID- 3916366 TI - The classification of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. PMID- 3916367 TI - Benign extra-axial collections of infancy. AB - The clinical histories, physical examinations and results of head computed tomography and head ultrasound scans were reviewed in a group of 15 infants who had macrocrania, excessive extra-axial fluid and normal development. Diagnostic evaluations demonstrated mild ventriculomegaly and extra-axial fluid collections. No treatment was undertaken. All infants continued to exhibit normal development during a period of extended follow-up. In this select group of infants exhibiting these findings, treatment appears to be unnecessary and the prognosis for continued normal development is excellent. PMID- 3916368 TI - Perinatal cerebral insults: hemorrhage and ischemia. AB - The incidence of major neurodevelopmental handicaps in the survivors of newborn special care has remained essentially unchanged over the past decade despite the development of sophisticated perinatal care. Preterm infants with parenchymal involvement of intraventricular hemorrhage and neonates of all gestational ages with cerebral infarction are believed to be at higher risk for both neurologic and developmental abnormalities than infants without these problems. Both lesions are thought secondary to alterations in cerebral blood flow to the developing brain, and many infants demonstrate evidence for both hemorrhage and ischemic insult. PMID- 3916369 TI - The antilipemic effectiveness of pentaerythritol tetranicotinate on hyperlipidemic patients with or without diabetes mellitus--a double-blind, randomized and two-period change-over experiment. AB - Pentaerythritol tetranicotinate (Perycit), at an oral dosage of 750 mg daily, was given to 12 patients with idiopathic hyperlipidemia and to 12 patients with hyperlipidemia superimposed with diabetes mellitus (DM). With 2 months off-drug period as the baseline, each patient then received 3 months of placebo and 3 months of Perycit. The sequence of treatment was randomized and balanced in frequency. Blood glycosylated hemoglobin (Hb A1) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) were used as indices of diabetic control. Serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and TC/HDL-C ratio were measured and calculated in order to compare the antilipemic effectiveness of Perycit with that of placebo. The non-parametric Wilcoxon test was used for the statistical analysis. The results showed that in the idiopathic group, Perycit significantly lowered the serum level of TG and the ratio of TC/HDL-C, and elevated the serum level of HDL-C. In the diabetic group, although there was a similar improvement in diabetic control in both periods of placebo and Perycit treatments, there was no change in the serum levels of TG and HDL-C. There was a slight increase of the serum levels of TC in the periods of Perycit treatment, whereas a small increase of HDL-C resulted in a mild decrease of the TC/HDL-C ratio. There was mild and transient facial flushing during the Perycit treatment in 6 out of 12 diabetic patients. Otherwise, there was no side effects in either group. Pooling the two groups' data together, Perycit increased the serum levels of HDL-C and decreased the TC/HDL-C ratio. It is concluded that Perycit has antilipemic effects in patients with idiopathic hyperlipidemia, and may be helpful in reducing the atherogenic risks in these patients. In patients with hyperlipidemia superimposed with DM, although the serum lipids composition was not significantly changed after Perycit, the atherogenic risks might also be reduced as demonstrated by the decrease of the TC/HDL-C ratio. PMID- 3916370 TI - [Prenatal echographic diagnosis of prune belly syndrome]. PMID- 3916371 TI - [Cranial ultrasound in the study of the asphyxia neonatorum infant and later developments]. PMID- 3916372 TI - [Prospective study on the growth of the fetal femur]. PMID- 3916373 TI - [Solemn session completing on 15 October 1985, 50 years since the establishment of the Chilean Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology]. PMID- 3916374 TI - The effects of pesticides on algae. AB - This paper reviews the effect on algae of organochlorine, carbamate, organophosphorus and other groups of pesticides, but excluding herbicides and general metabolic inhibitors. Existing data are often fragmentary and contradictory. Possible reasons for contradictory data are explored and discussed and the value of existing standard algal toxicity tests for environmental impact assessment is seriously questioned. PMID- 3916375 TI - Rapid detection and counting of spoilage fungi. PMID- 3916376 TI - Clinical ecology in environmental health. AB - Clinical Ecology is a practical application of results in research into allergy, adaptation, nutrition and toxicology to those types of illness precipitated mainly by environmental factors. In varying degrees these factors may operate at both the physical and psychological levels, therefore, in some respects, clinical ecology may bridge the gap between conventional and complementary medicine. In a Hi-tech society of increasing complexity, many clinical conditions will continue to arise which must be viewed and diagnosed in terms of individual susceptibility to agents with which they come into contact directly or by inhalation or ingestion. Treatment must fall within the total concepts of environmental health. PMID- 3916377 TI - Oxides of nitrogen and their impact upon vegetation. AB - Annual and daily levels of the two major oxides of nitrogen (NOX), nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) are still rising in the atmosphere of the urban environment and in close proximity to automobile and airport traffic. Although oxides of nitrogen give rise to other phytotoxic pollutants such as ozone they are also in their own right damaging to plant health. This injury is not normally visible but is reflected in poorer growth and loss of productivity in terms of value and amenity. Few if any reviews have considered the effects of atmospheric concentrations of NOX as separate phytotoxic agents especially at the metabolic level. This paper is an attempt to remedy this deficiency and to promote an understanding of the problem. PMID- 3916379 TI - The use of computers in cardiology. PMID- 3916378 TI - Nicotine and the smoker. AB - In spite of the considerable publicity about the health hazards of smoking, people continue to smoke. Smokers must consider that the risks are outweighed by smoking's benefits. This highly selected review of nicotine and the smoking habit reveals that nicotine does have positive effects. Nicotine releases hormones which reduce fatigue and acts on the central nervous system to produce more efficient processing of information. The increased efficiency produced by nicotine enables both smokers and nonsmokers to perform better in work situations. In addition, nicotine has a sedative action reducing anxiety and anger. Smokers titrate their nicotine intake so that they obtain the appropriate dose of nicotine for these kind of effects. The pharmacokinetic properties of nicotine make smoking doses remarkably safe for normal healthy adults in comparison with other available stimulant and sedative substances and so there is a high benefit-risk ratio for nicotine versus other comparable agents. If the other components of cigarette smoke could be made less active, the unique pharmacological properties of nicotine make it an ideal substance for self medication by inhalation. PMID- 3916380 TI - Kupffer cells in liver injury and regeneration. PMID- 3916381 TI - The nature and role of antigen processing in T-cell activation. PMID- 3916382 TI - The prothymocyte and commitment to T-cell differentiation. PMID- 3916383 TI - Tolerance: facts and views--1984. PMID- 3916384 TI - [Reinsertion of the periodontal ligament]. PMID- 3916385 TI - Stereotyped behavior and diabetes mellitus in rats: reduced behavioral effects of amphetamine and apomorphine and reduced in vivo brain binding of [3H]spiroperidol. AB - Rats made diabetic with streptozotocin showed decreased stereotyped behaviors following administration of amphetamine or apomorphine. Spontaneous activity in an open field was lower in diabetics than in controls, but a low dose of apomorphine produced equivalent fractional decreases in activity in both groups. In vivo accumulation of amphetamine and apomorphine was generally similar in both groups: Reduced tissue access did not appear to be responsible for the decreased behavioral effects of these agents. The in vivo accumulation of spiroperidol in several brain regions was generally less in diabetics than in controls. These data are discussed in terms of altered catecholamine biochemistry and behavior in diabetics. PMID- 3916386 TI - Further studies on salt appetite following lateral hypothalamic lesions: effects of preoperative alimentary experiences. AB - Lateral hypothalamic lesions impair salt appetite, but rats with lesions show enhanced saline ingestion following natrorexigenic treatments if given preoperative salt drive experiences. In this study, the preoperative drive to ingest salt (without the consummatory experience of saline ingestion) was found to be necessary for this effect. Exposure to saline, or the treatments of water deprivation or insulin-induced feeding, when given preoperatively were not protective. PMID- 3916387 TI - Keratoplasty and intraocular lenses. AB - This paper describes the surgical results in 163 patients in whom intraocular lenses (IOL) had been implanted, exchanged, or removed during penetrating keratoplasty (PKP). They were divided into the following groups: PKP, cataract extraction, and IOL implant; PKP in aphakia and IOL implant; PKP and IOL exchange; PKP and IOL removal. In all groups clear transplants were obtained in over 92% of the cases, with best optical and visual results obtained in cases of Fuchs' dystrophy with cataract extraction and IOL implant (98% clear grafts and vision better than 20/40 in most cases). There were no significant differences in graft transparency and in the magnitude of visual acuity improvement between cases of pseudophakic edema with IOL replaced or removed at the time of surgery, and cases of aphakic edema with secondary IOL implant. Good surgical results are attributed to the use of young donor tissue with short time of storage, microsurgical techniques, and the use of sodium hyaluronate (Healon) for the protection of graft endothelium. PMID- 3916390 TI - Index of selected rehabilitation research and development literature (1979-1985). PMID- 3916389 TI - Noninflammatory bacterial infiltration of a corneal graft. AB - A multifocal progressive infiltration of a corneal graft, which simulated a mycotic keratitis but was repeatedly negative on culture and unresponsive to antibacterial and antifungal therapy, was found upon regrafting to consist primarily of Gram-positive cocci. This bacterial colonization of the corneal graft was associated with epithelialized suture tracks and minimal inflammatory response. The immunosuppressive and bacteriostatic effects of chronic postsurgery low dose steroid and antimicrobial therapy may have played a role in the development of this atypical bacterial infiltrate. PMID- 3916388 TI - Expression of ABO blood group, hematopoietic, and other cell-specific antigens by cells in the human cornea. AB - Because of controversy surrounding the expression of ABO blood group (ABH) antigens (which may act as transplantation antigens) in human cornea, we examined the expression of these antigens in a panel of normal corneas using a highly sensitive avidin-biotin complex immunoperoxidase technique. ABH antigens were expressed by the corneal epithelium from all donors in a pattern consistent with their red blood cell phenotype, but were absent from stroma and endothelium. We also examined the same corneas for cells expressing hematopoietic cell markers in an effort to determine which marrow-derived cells may be contributing (as "passenger leukocytes") to the immunogenicity of corneal allografts. Scattered cells positive for a pan-hematopoietic cell marker (T29/33) were present throughout all corneas, but no consistent expression was noted of markers for B lymphocytes, monocytes, or NK cells. Adult corneas showed occasional T lymphocytes, predominantly in the limbus. Finally, we looked for the expression by these corneas of a variety of cell-specific and structural antigens, to identify possible relationships between corneal cells and analogous cell populations. We found that corneal endothelial cells expressed one vascular endothelial antigen, (HuEE12), but not another (Factor VIII related antigen), suggesting a possible relationship between corneal endothelium and its immunologically important vascular counterpart. Various structural antigens were found in predicted associations with corneal endothelial, stromal, and epithelial cells. These findings cast new light on the antigens involved in corneal allograft reactions and the immunologic nature of some constituent corneal cells. PMID- 3916391 TI - Effect of plant sterols on serum lipids and atherosclerosis. PMID- 3916392 TI - Roles of lipoproteins in the initiation and development of atherosclerosis. PMID- 3916393 TI - [Campylobacter fetus ssp. jejuni, Aeromonas hydrophila, helicoidal bacteria and coronavirus in the murine intestine]. AB - Intestinal contents of 28 laboratory-bred white mice and 6 wild-caught rats were extracted and observed with phase-contrast and transmission electron microscopy; cultures were made in Butzler agar and aeromonas, incubated in microaerobiosis, at 37 degrees C for 5 days. In three mice and two rats, helicoidal bacteria were observed, with 8 to 11 periplasmic fibers and terminal branches of 8 to 11 structures, similar to flagella. In one of the rats, coronavirus-like particles were observed. Campylobacter fetus ssp. jejuni was isolated in cultures from two mice and Aeromonas hydrophila from two rats. PMID- 3916394 TI - [EEG spectral analysis in chronic renal insufficiency]. PMID- 3916395 TI - [Phase contrast study of cytopathic changes in living cells of the HeLa and L fibroblast cell line after the administration of alkaline cements]. PMID- 3916396 TI - Burn injury. AB - The pathophysiologic changes demonstrated by a burn patient basically cover the entire spectrum of surgical critical care. Management of the particular disease state is based more on the principles of prevention rather than on the treatment of complications, as the latter are frequently fatal. Although extremely complex, most of the physiological, biochemical, metabolic and immunological changes leading to these complications are predictable with reasonable knowledge of the time course of burn injury and repair. The objective of this review was not to present a detailed treatment plan, but rather knowledge of the mechanism behind postburn pathology so as to allow one to predict and in turn prevent mortality and morbidity. PMID- 3916397 TI - Cerebral edema. PMID- 3916398 TI - Simple pressure monitor for CPAP systems. PMID- 3916399 TI - 'Do not resuscitate' policies. PMID- 3916400 TI - Clarification of the effects of changes in P50 on oxygen transport. AB - In summary, a shift to the right in the O2-Hb curve in patients with anemia and decreased cardiac output and normal PaO2 will increase PvO2. This shift is mediated through increases in red cell 2,3-DPG. The stimulus for the increase in 2,3-DPG is most likely due to the decrease in SvO2. In hypoxemia caused by a decreased PAO2 (altitude), an increase in P50 may have no effect on PvO2 and in fact if the PaO2 is low enough, a left shift may increase the PvO2. Animals and man most successful at adapting to high altitudes reflect this fundamental physiological effect and have a left-shifted curve. This decrease in P50 is probably related to an intrinsic property of the hemoglobin and not to changes in 2,3-DPG. In hypoxemia caused by shunt, an increase in P50 increase the PvO2 regardless of the PaO2. Patients with congenital cyanotic heart disease have an increased P50 mediated through an increase in 2,3-DPG. PMID- 3916401 TI - Idiotypes in autoimmune diseases. PMID- 3916402 TI - Autoimmunity and self-antigens. PMID- 3916403 TI - Autoimmune aspects of systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 3916404 TI - Autoimmunity in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 3916405 TI - Autoimmune diseases of the blood. PMID- 3916406 TI - Autoimmunity and the skin. PMID- 3916407 TI - Autoimmunity--historical perspective. PMID- 3916408 TI - Multiple functions of natural killer cells, including immunoregulation as well as resistance to tumor growth. PMID- 3916409 TI - Autoimmune endocrine diseases. PMID- 3916410 TI - Autoimmune aspects of human reproduction. PMID- 3916411 TI - Experimental autoimmune tubular and glomerular nephritis. PMID- 3916412 TI - Autoimmune reactions in the eye. PMID- 3916413 TI - Cell-mediated immunity in type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes of man and the BB rat. PMID- 3916414 TI - Humoral autoimmune aspects of insulin-dependent (type I) diabetes mellitus. PMID- 3916416 TI - [Ultrasound diagnosis and management of pregnancies with fetuses suffering from urinary tract malformations]. PMID- 3916415 TI - Autoimmune aspects of myasthenia gravis. PMID- 3916417 TI - [Universal dual-chamber pacemakers]. PMID- 3916418 TI - [Trauma in pregnancy]. PMID- 3916419 TI - [Hormonal therapy in prostatic carcinoma]. PMID- 3916420 TI - Management of head and neck burns. PMID- 3916421 TI - The papoose: device for positioning the burn child's axilla. PMID- 3916422 TI - The pathophysiology of severe thermal injury. PMID- 3916423 TI - The delayed hypersensitivity skin test response, granulocyte function and sepsis in surgical patients. PMID- 3916424 TI - Stress and the human immune response: a critical review. PMID- 3916425 TI - Immunologic and hematologic perturbations in models of combined injury. PMID- 3916426 TI - A response to trauma and infection: metabolic changes and immunologic consequences. PMID- 3916427 TI - Granulocyte function: current knowledge and methods of assessment. PMID- 3916428 TI - Skin banking in the United States. PMID- 3916429 TI - Skin bank directory. PMID- 3916430 TI - Glucose metabolism in burn injury: a review. PMID- 3916431 TI - Cryopreservation of skin: an assessment of current clinical applicability. PMID- 3916432 TI - Computed axial tomography of the heart. AB - CT scanning provides useful cardiac imaging but has not become a routine clinical tool for heart disease due to long exposure times (2-5 seconds) and the limitation of single slice acquisition. A revolutionary high speed (Cine) CT electron beam scanner was designed at UCSF, with multilevel millisecond scanning speed at rates of 17 scans per second. Table tilt and swivel permits direct imaging in various planes including the half axis view. Images can be analysed as closed loop movies, and quantitation of wall thickening, wall mass and ejection fractions are being validated. High resolution imaging without the need for gated acquisition is a significant advantage over nuclear medicine and magnetic resonance imaging, and physiology can be studied with exercise of other interventions. Fast CT can measure vessel blood flow and has great potential for estimating myocardial perfusion using indicator dilution theory and small peripheral intravenous injection of contrast medium. Cine CT could become the noninvasive modality of choice in cardiovascular diagnosis - the scanner has universal application for all organ systems. PMID- 3916434 TI - Echocardiographic detection of anomalous course of the left innominate vein. AB - Anomalous course of the left innominate vein beneath the aortic arch is a rare congenital anomaly. We report the case of a 3 year old child in whom this defect was detected by two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography. The echocardiographic appearance of the anomalous course of the left innominate vein is illustrated and the importance of identifying this rare systemic venous anomaly is discussed. PMID- 3916433 TI - Cardiac single photon emission computerized tomography: the critical period. PMID- 3916436 TI - Non-selective intra-arterial digital subtraction angiography for the assessment of coronary artery bypass grafts. AB - Non-selective intra-arterial digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was performed immediately before selective coronary and bypass angiography in 33 consecutive symptomatic patients 48 +/- 30 months after coronary surgery, for the assessment of 75 coronary bypass grafts. Forty ml of non-ionic, low-iodine content contrast medium (iohexol) were injected into the ascending aorta at 10-20 ml/sec through a 7 or 8 F femoral pigtail catheter. Electrocardiogram-triggered images were acquired on a Siemens Digitron II apparatus in multiple projections in 24 patients and in a single projection in 9 patients. The results of this technique were compared by two independent angiographers with those of selective graft angiography in the same patients. Patency was shown by DSA in 45 of 54 grafts confirmed to be open by selective angiography (sensitivity 83%). Of 21 occluded grafts, stumps were clearly visible at selective angiography in 18 and at DSA in 9 (sensitivity for graft stumps = 50%, p less than 0.01). Of 54 patent grafts with selective angiography, the distal anastomosis could be visualized by DSA in 28 (52%), but the resolution was comparable to selective angiography in 20 grafts (37%) only. A non-significant difference in the sensitivity of DSA was observed between patent saphenous grafts to the left anterior descending coronary artery versus all other coronary arteries (95 vs 85%, respectively), while only 1 of 5 patent left internal mammary artery grafts to the left anterior descending coronary artery was visualized. In 16 of 50 grafts (32%) visualized in a second projection substantial additional diagnostic information was obtained. In conclusion, non-selective intra-arterial electrocardiogram-triggered DSA can visualize patent saphenous grafts with a high sensitivity and may be a useful screening tool for bypass grafts patency; false negatives, however, and poor visualization of distal anastomoses limit its routine clinical use. PMID- 3916435 TI - Echocardiography in mitral valve disease: a review. AB - Echocardiographic evaluation of the mitral valve has attracted much attention and generated much discussion since its beginnings, some thirty years ago. Echocardiography affords the physician a detailed assessment of mitral valve integrity unequalled by any other non-invasive test. Aside from the normal appearance of the valve, a variety of pathological conditions have been studied in detail; mitral stenosis was the first and over the years the state-of-the-art has evolved from simply looking at the EF slope as an indicator of severity to the accurate quantification utilizing planimetry and 'pressure half-time.' Mitral regurgitation, although not as well quantified as mitral stenosis, can be detected and its etiology usually determined. Mitral valve prolapse may easily be overdiagnosed by echocardiography, however together with auscultation, ultrasound remains the best way to evaluate this common condition. Echocardiography is also invaluable in the evaluation of endocarditis and prosthetic mitral valves. PMID- 3916437 TI - Digital subtraction angiographic assessment of the coronary arteries and coronary flow reserve. AB - Although intravenous digital subtraction angiography was originally intended as a means of performing less invasive peripheral angiography, this less invasive approach has not proven feasible for coronary artery studies. Digital imaging has, however, proven helpful for the immediate replay, enhancement and quantification of coronary arteriography and enables the performance of regional blood flow (coronary flow reserve) analysis. Flow analysis is clinically helpful in determining the hemodynamic significance of individual coronary stenoses, which cannot always be assessed even using quantitative stenosis measurements. One method of assessing flow reserve by digital means uses parametric images to display the timing (color coded) and density (intensity coded) of the contrast bolus as it transverses the regional myocardial circulation. Analysis of baseline and hyperemic condition parametric images provides quantitative regional flow reserve information. PMID- 3916439 TI - Compliance: the case for objective measurement. AB - This paper evaluates the current status and importance of methods for measuring patients' compliance with medical regimens. Studies are cited on the inaccuracy of subjective measures (patients' statements) and one study, presented in detail, demonstrates that the magnitude of error can be large. However, research has generally failed to use or develop valid quantitative measures of compliance. One review finds only 31% of compliance studies using objective measures prior to 1978; 50 more recent studies were only slightly better. Although it appears that inaccurate measurement of compliance may jeopardize research and clinical practice, major reviewers of the compliance literature have not provided clear guidelines. Investigators should develop methods appropriate to their own research question before commencing a project, or else should restrict themselves to measurable compliance variables, e.g. attendance. Improved measurement may come from blood tests, from medication monitoring (counting) and perhaps ultimately from research to enhance the validity of interview procedures. PMID- 3916440 TI - Compliance in hypertension: facts and concepts. AB - The management of hypertension is still far from optimal, although safe and effective drugs are available and the effectiveness of antihypertensive therapy in reducing cardiovascular morbidity is well established. Today, low patient compliance is one of the most important therapy-limiting factors in hypertension. Although patient care seems to have improved, possibly due to increased knowledge about patient compliance in recent years, 10-15% of hypertensives are still lost from follow-up in the first year of therapy, and 20-40% of patients comply insufficiently with prescribed antihypertensive therapy. In this article the magnitude of the problem of drop-outs and non-compliance with medication, the determinants of compliance in hypertension, and the models used to understand patients' health behaviour are reviewed. PMID- 3916438 TI - Cardiac applications of digital subtraction angiography. AB - Recent developments in digital computer technology have enabled direct digital acquisition of radiographic images at spatial and temporal resolutions similar to that of cineradiography. Initially intended as a means of performing peripheral angiography, digital subtraction angiography has been increasingly applied to cardiac catheterization procedures. Advantages of cardiac digital subtraction angiography include the capabilities to: immediately replay, magnify and enhance angiographic studies during coronary artery interventions, perform left ventriculography with peripheral contrast injections and direct left ventriculography with substantially reduced contrast doses, perform bypass graft visualization using aortic root contrast injection, assess relative regional coronary blood flow and facilitate the quantification of ventriculographic and coronary stenosis parameters. Clinical comparisons of standard cineradiographic and digital angiographic studies have demonstrated very similar results. PMID- 3916441 TI - The role of home and ambulatory blood pressure recording in the management of hypertension. AB - A review of the literature shows that doctor-recorded measurement (DRM) of blood pressure is higher than patient-recorded measurement (PRM) by either home recording or ambulatory measurement. The role of home-recording and ambulatory measurement as a means of supplementing doctor-recorded measurement is discussed. The results of two studies comparing home-recording with clinic and ambulatory blood pressure showed that home-recording of blood pressure did not lower blood pressure. PMID- 3916442 TI - Social support and compliance: update. AB - This paper presents an update of a selective review and critique of the literature on social support as a factor in the enhancement of patient compliance with medical regimens, with hypertension and hypertension risk factors as a particular focus. Three problem areas in the social support literature are cited: inconsistent and/or low levels of specificity in using the social support variable, inconsistent and/or inadequate outcome measures and inattention as to whether independent variables are carried out as planned in an experiment. This paper presents several studies which provide examples of these problems and some solutions to them. It is suggested that social support research utilize compliance enhancement strategies both as a measure of social support behaviours and also to ensure greater compliance with experimental manipulations. PMID- 3916443 TI - Doctor-patient communication: some quantitative estimates of the role of cognitive factors in non-compliance. AB - Patients frequently fail to understand what they are told. Further, they frequently forget the information given to them. These factors have effects on patients' satisfaction with the consultation. All three of these factors- understanding, memory and satisfaction--have effects on the probability that a patient will comply with advice. The levels of failure to understand and remember and levels of dissatisfaction are described. Quantitative estimates of the effects of these factors on non-compliance are presented. PMID- 3916444 TI - Compliance with salt restriction as a limiting factor in the primary prevention of hypertension. AB - It is an important but still unresolved question whether reduction of salt intake in the offspring of hypertensives (a high risk group) prevents the development of the disease. Therefore, 178 offspring (14-26 years old) of hypertensives were enrolled in a 2-year pilot trial aimed mainly at a reduction in salt consumption. For the intervention group (n = 99) a behavioural approach was chosen with extensive counselling by experienced dietitians. The controls (n = 79) received no continuous dietary advice. Both groups showed a small decline in sodium intake over time, but the differences between the two groups were not significant. Division into subgroups with and without sodium reduction revealed no differences in blood pressure. We conclude that the inherent resistance to any change of lifestyle among healthy subjects may require new and more comprehensive motivational approaches. PMID- 3916445 TI - The nature and efficacy of intervention studies in the National High Blood Pressure Education Research Program. AB - Results from seven research projects funded by the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute are reviewed. These methodologically advanced studies employed a variety of intervention strategies intended to improve blood pressure control and patient adherence to therapeutic recommendations. The strategies are categorized as representing four themes. The 'active patient' theme emphasizes the need to increase patient responsibility for self-care. The 'social support' theme is represented in interventions in which another person provides various resources for meeting the illness challenge. The 'fear arousal' theme is seen in manoeuvres that attempt to heighten patient concern about the dire consequences of illness. Finally, the 'patient instruction' theme is expressed as transmittal of information about the nature of the illness or therapeutic regimen. Studies using the 'active patient' theme, especially contingency contracting, and those employing 'social support' approaches, especially those involving home visitation of patients by members of the health care team, were found to be most effective. PMID- 3916446 TI - Digital imaging of the chest. AB - The development of effective methods for producing digital chest radiographs is essential if the totally digital radiology department of the future is to evolve. Digital radiography of the chest is now possible with a variety of techniques. The most promising approach currently in clinical use involves the use of large area detectors composed of photostimulable phosphors read with a laser to produce high-quality digital chest images. Image processing to modify contrast and latitude of the image display as well as enhancement of selected spatial frequencies and energy subtraction is possible with digital chest radiography. The wide exposure latitude of digital image receptors may allow useful images to be obtained with significantly smaller exposure doses than those required in conventional techniques and may also be used to compensate for inadvertent overexposure, eliminating the need for repeat examinations because of errors in exposure technique. Limitations of many current systems result from inadequate resolution provided by CRT display monitors. The production of hard copy images by laser printer on small format film overcomes this problem, allowing application of digital techniques for chest radiology to be incorporated into clinical practice with images comparable in spatial resolution to those of film screen systems. PMID- 3916447 TI - Digital subtraction angiography of the pulmonary arteries. AB - With current high-resolution equipment and proper case selection, intravenous digital subtraction angiography (IVDSA) can consistently demonstrate pulmonary emboli greater than 2.0 mm in size. IVDSA is less traumatic than conventional pulmonary angiography and is preferable for high-risk cases such as patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. For successful IVDSA studies patients should be able to hold their breath for 10 to 20 seconds. IVDSA should not be used in patients who are extremely dyspneic, who cannot suppress a cough, or who have a low cardiac output. In these instances selective intraarterial DSA is preferable. PMID- 3916448 TI - Computed tomography of the pulmonary parenchyma. Part 1: Distal air-space disease. AB - Because of greatly enhanced contrast resolution and the advantages of cross sectional visualization of lung anatomy, computed tomography (CT) has the potential to add significantly to the conceptualization of parenchymal lung disease. Although the value of CT has been well documented in the detection and characterization of lung nodules, the role of CT has been less clearly defined for other types of lung disease. This report describes the CT appearance of distal air-space disease. As demonstrated by the use of inflated and contrast injected lungs obtained at autopsy, air-space disease is definable by the following: poorly marginated nodules ranging up to 1 cm in size; coalescence of nodules; air-bronchograms and air-alveolograms; ground-glass opacification; and distinct zonal patterns of distribution, including central and peripheral configurations. These patterns of air-space abnormalities are further refined by review of case material, including examples of air-space disease secondary to aspiration and primary intraalveolar disease, evaluated by the authors over a five-year period. PMID- 3916449 TI - Magnetic resonance imaging of the mediastinum, hila, and lungs. AB - Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) takes advantage of physical properties of matter that are radically different from those that result in radiographic contrast, and therefore, has the potential to provide unique diagnostic information. During the last three years, the author's experience with MRI has suggested that this technique can be advantageous in evaluating some patients with chest disease. Although results to date remain somewhat preliminary, they serve to illustrate some of the strengths as well as weaknesses of this technique. PMID- 3916450 TI - Positron emission tomography in the lung. AB - Positron emission tomography using the ECAT II scanner to image and measure regional lung function is outlined. The combined use of transmission and emission imaging provides quantitative information about regional lung structure (density, extravascular density, and vascular volume) and function (ventilation, perfusion, ventilation-perfusion ratios, glucose metabolic rate). Clinical applications in asthma, chronic obstructive lung disease, pulmonary vascular disease, interstitial lung disease, and squamous cell carcinoma are presented. Future prospects for PET are discussed. PMID- 3916451 TI - Indications for ultrasound of the chest. AB - Although ultrasound of the thorax has been used mainly for studying the heart, it is also of value for the examination of pathologic conditions in the chest other than cardiac disease and can be used to complement the diagnostic information obtained by other imaging techniques. In addition, ultrasound of the lower thorax is frequently performed "inadvertently" when the upper abdomen, the liver, and the heart are being examined sonographically. Pathologic lesions in the chest may be seen during such examinations and it is therefore important to be familiar with their appearances. PMID- 3916452 TI - Stability of 99Tcm-DTPA injection: effect of delay after preparation, dilution, generator oxidant, air and oxygen. AB - 99Tcm-DTPA injection is widely used in different activity concentrations and the parent solution may require dilution to achieve the correct activity and dose volume. We have studied the stability after dilution of six makes of commercially available DTPA kits and have demonstrated that levels of free pertechnetate may reach as high as 95%. We have also demonstrated that levels are increased by subdivision of the parent solution into vials containing air or high quantities of oxygen, by reconstitution with generator eluate containing oxidant, and by delay between preparation and injection into patients. Out of six makes tested only two were stable over a wide variety of conditions. PMID- 3916453 TI - Excretion of radioactivity in breast milk following injection of 99Tcm-DTPA. AB - Measurements were made of the concentration of radioactivity in the breast milk of a patient following a 2 mCi (74 MBq) 99Tcm-DTPA dynamic renal scan. The concentration of activity was 0.88 nCi-1 ml at 2.75 h after injection and it decreased exponentially with an effective halflife of 4.3 h. The potential radiation dose to a breast-fed infant was small enough to conclude that breast feeding need only be interrupted for 4 h after injection. PMID- 3916454 TI - Regional lung epithelial leakiness in smokers and nonsmokers. AB - In order to measure regional lung 'leakiness' we have adapted a method developed by Jones et al., to correct for background in the estimation of regional lung transfer of DTPA. It is clear from our study that the half time transfer values (T50) alter from the apex to the base of the lungs in both smokers and nonsmokers. The mean apical T50 values are 56.0 and 56.7 min for the right and left lung respectively in nonsmokers and 12.5 and 12.6 min in smokers. The basal T50 values are 77.5 and 76.9 min for the right and left lung respectively in nonsmokers and 24 and 24.2 min in smokers. These figures suggest that cigarette smoke affects all lung regions and that the transfer values in the apices are more rapid than in the bases in both smokers and nonsmokers. PMID- 3916455 TI - Chemical thermodynamics of bacterial growth reaction. PMID- 3916456 TI - [Annual evaluation of urine cultures of the obstetric-gynecologic patients at the USL Hospital of Isernia, from November 1984 to October 1985]. PMID- 3916457 TI - Comparison of ketoconazole and griseofulvin for treatment of tinea capitis in childhood: a preliminary study. AB - Treatment of children with tinea capitis currently consists of griseofulvin given orally for 1 to 3 months. Ketoconazole, a newer antifungal, is effective therapy for a variety of systemic mycoses. A randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study was undertaken to compare ketoconazole and griseofulvin treatments of children with tinea capitis. Twenty-two patients were enrolled, and 14 completed the protocol. All patients had positive initial mycologic cultures. Seven evaluated patients received each drug. The treatment groups were comparable in terms of age, weight, sex, race, duration of infection, length of therapy, and initial disease severity. Adverse reactions occurred in three ketoconazole treated patients and in none receiving griseofulvin. After 6 weeks of therapy, ketoconazole-treated patients had improved as much as griseofulvin-treated patients and were as likely to have negative mycologic cultures. Ketoconazole shows promise as an alternative to griseofulvin for treating children with tinea capitis. PMID- 3916458 TI - Has Medicaid promoted needless pediatric emergency department use? AB - The possibility that Medicaid has encouraged pediatric emergency department (ED) use was explored as part of a study of 8470 ED visits to a pediatric teaching hospital in the period from 1975 to 1976. The proportion of the population on Aid to Dependent Children (proportion on ADC) was taken as a reasonable proxy for prevalence of Medicaid coverage of children in an area. Visit subgroups were compared using mean proportions on ADC in the census tracts of origin to measure relative rates of ED use by poor children. If Medicaid has promoted use of the ED instead of other facilities, the data would be expected to indicate relatively heavy ED use by residents of tracts with a high prevalence of Medicaid: (1) during the week when other facilities are most available; and (2) for minor problems which do not result in admission. The data show no differences in the mean proportion on ADC in the census tracts of origin of ED visits on weekdays as compared to weekends or for visits which resulted in admission as compared with those which did not. The data challenge the idea that Medicaid has encouraged pediatric ED use. PMID- 3916459 TI - Pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a review and a proposal. PMID- 3916460 TI - Salmonella vertebral osteomyelitis and epidural abscess in a child with sickle cell anemia. AB - A case of Salmonella vertebral osteomyelitis with epidural abscess in a child with sickle cell anemia is presented. Spinal osteomyelitis is a rare event in children. Although osteomyelitis in sickle cell anemia may occur in any bone, it has most often been documented as beginning in the medullary cavity of the long and tubular bones. This is in contrast to the clinical presentation of osteomyelitis in the normal individual, who is likely to have infection beginning in and restricted to the metaphyseal regions of bones. Nonspecific or constitutional symptomatology may obscure the diagnosis of vertebral infection with ensuing cord compression. This case stresses the rapidity of development of paralysis or other neurologic complications, as well as the difficulty and emergent nature of the diagnosis of epidural abscess in this situation. PMID- 3916461 TI - Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal vulvovaginitis: a recurring problem. AB - Differential diagnosis of purulent vulvovaginitis in prepubertal girls should include infection caused by group A beta-hemolytic streptococci. Cultures should be obtained not only for N. gonorrhoeae but also for respiratory and skin pathogens such as streptococci. While a specific diagnosis of group A streptococcal vulvovaginitis does not exclude child abuse or a vaginal foreign body, the child's symptoms and parental anxiety and concern can usually be rapidly alleviated with oral antibiotics effective against streptococci. Further investigation beyond culturing and treatment with antibiotics can be reserved for cases where history, physical findings, and response to therapy indicate such a need. PMID- 3916462 TI - Emergency department evaluation and management of chickenpox. PMID- 3916463 TI - Salmonella infection in the community. PMID- 3916464 TI - The role of the laboratory in patient management. PMID- 3916465 TI - The vital reaction and timing of the wound. PMID- 3916466 TI - Immobilized biocatalysts. Patents and literature. PMID- 3916467 TI - [List of members of the Belgian Society of Ophthalmology]. PMID- 3916468 TI - [Humanism and the eye. First Jules Francois Memorial Lecture]. PMID- 3916469 TI - Ultrasound in prenatal diagnosis. PMID- 3916470 TI - Choledochal cyst. PMID- 3916471 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of hereditary microcephaly. PMID- 3916473 TI - Chagas' heart disease: experimental models. AB - An experimental model embodies an evaluation procedure that helps the investigator to choose between possible alternatives. In this paper, consideration is given to a variety of aspects related to the host-parasite relationship in Trypanosoma cruzi infection and disease. Although several animal species have been used, there is still a lack of consistent experimental studies. A few examples of investigations mainly in dogs, monkeys, and rabbits are briefly described, showing the diversity of methodological approaches and, therefore, the difficulty experienced in comparing results and interpretations. Emphasis was given to the need for a suitable model presenting all possible stage of the infection as seen in man, as well as the functional and organic disorders commonly seen in this disease. The alterations of the autonomic nervous system involving the heart and other organs in Chagas' disease was stressed. PMID- 3916472 TI - Viral and idiopathic myocarditis in Japan: a questionnaire survey. AB - In order to study the current clinical status of viral and idiopathic myocarditis in Japan, we conducted a questionnaire survey and collected data for 218 cases from 62 institutions. The diagnosis was based on clinical and laboratory findings alone in 45% of the cases, and it included endomyocardial biopsy in 24% and autopsy in 9% of the patients. Endomyocardial biopsies were available in 40% of the patients; definite cellular infiltrations were identified in half the cases. Regardless of the biopsy findings or availability of biopsy, males predominated in the patient population; the mean age range was 30-39 years for both sexes. Cardiac symptoms and signs were common in addition to "common cold" symptoms; ECG abnormalities, leukocytosis, accelerated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, positive CRP, and increased cardiac enzyme levels were also very common in the acute phase of the disease. Serologic tests for virus titers, performed in 80% of the cases, were positive in 21%. There was no apparent correlation between serologic results and endomyocardial biopsy findings. In this survey, complete recovery occurred in 43%, cure with sequelae in 40%, recurrences in 3%, and death in 13% of the total patient population. PMID- 3916474 TI - Eosinophilic disorders affecting the myocardium and endocardium: a review. AB - A wide range of disorders give rise to eosinophil counts greater than 1.5 X 10(9)/l (hypereosinophilia) and cardiac injury. The best known of these is eosinophilic endomyocardial disease (Loffler's endomyocardial fibrosis), which occurs as a major complication of the idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome. Here the heart damage appears to be a direct result of tissue injury produced by toxic eosinophil granule proteins within the heart. However, it is not known what causes the eosinophilia in these patients, why the eosinophils degranulate, or why the endocardium is especially susceptible to this type of injury. A number of parasitic infections may give rise to eosinophilic myocarditis. This is usually the result of the presence of the parasites within the myocardium where they die within inflammatory lesions, which may be extensive. Occasionally, drug reactions and rejection of a transplanted heart may produce eosinophilic myocarditis. Allergic granulomatosis and vasculitis (the Churg-Strauss syndrome), which gives rise to granulomas involving the myocardium, and eosinophilic (hypersensitivity) myocarditis usually respond rapidly to treatment with steroids. However, diffuse myocardial involvement may lead to heart failure, and some of these patients may later develop dilated cardiomyopathy. It is concluded that the heart may be affected by a variety of diseases in which eosinophils are a prominent component in the inflammatory cell infiltrates. Eosinophils themselves may contribute to some of the myocardial cell injury which occurs in these diseases, and attempts to limit this with steroids may be worthwhile in some patients. PMID- 3916475 TI - Electron-microscopic and immunohistochemical studies on endomyocardial biopsies from a patient with eosinophilic endomyocardial disease. AB - Light- and electron-microscopic studies and immunohistochemical procedures were carried out on blood eosinophils and left ventricular endomyocardial biopsies from a 68-year-old man with an eosinophilia of 8.2 X 10(9)/l and congestive cardiac failure due to eosinophilic endomyocardial disease. Some blood eosinophils were vacuolated and degranulated, and reversal of the normal staining pattern of eosinophil granules was seen by means of electron microscopy. The biopsies showed degenerative changes in the cardiac myocytes, with interstitial fibrosis and infiltration by numerous eosinophils, mast cells, and macrophages. Eosinophils infiltrating the myocardium showed a decrease in the number of granules, many of which were indistinct or contained dissolving crystalloids, which occasionally were seen to be discharged onto the surface of adjacent cardiac myocytes. Immunohistochemical studies of the endomyocardial biopsies with a monoclonal antibody, which is specific for activated eosinophils and binds to the secreted forms of eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) and eosinophil protein-X (EP-X), demonstrated that the lesions contained numerous activated eosinophils and secreted ECP and EP-X. These findings support the concept that in eosinophilic endomyocardial disease, activated eosinophils infiltrate and degranulate in the myocardium, releasing eosinophil cationic proteins which then damage adjacent myocardial cells. PMID- 3916476 TI - Cardiovascular lesions in collagen-vascular diseases. AB - In this review, the cardiac lesions which develop in association with the various collagen-vascular diseases are described. In rheumatoid arthritis, the most frequent lesions are: fibrous obliterative pericarditis, with pericardial deposits of calcium, fibrin, cholesterol, and rheumatoid granulomas; granulomatous or nonspecific myocarditis; valvulitis, vasculitis, and amyloid deposits. In ankylosing spondylitis, the lesions involve mainly the valves (aortic and mitral valves) and the aorta. In systemic lupus erythematosus, the predominant cardiovascular lesions are: pericarditis, Libman-Sacks endocarditis, nonspecific myocarditis, vasculitis with fibrinoid necrosis, and acceleration of atherosclerosis. In scleroderma, the main cardiac lesion is fibrosis with only scanty inflammatory cells; pericarditis and nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis also occur. In dermatomyositis/polymyositis, fibrous or fibrinous pericarditis can occur, as well as myocarditis with infiltrates of lymphocytes and plasma cells and with degeneration and necrosis of myocytes; valvulitis is uncommon except when the disease is related to mucinous adenocarcinoma. In polyarteritis nodosa, various stages of necrotizing vasculitis involve all layers of the arterial walls; foci of myocardial necrosis of various sizes can occur in association with these lesions; cardiac hypertrophy related to hypertension and pericarditis related to uremia, may also be found. In Wegener's granulomatosis, pericarditis, inflammatory infiltrates, necrotizing granulomas, and vasculitis have been observed in the heart. PMID- 3916477 TI - Granulomatous inflammation of the heart. AB - Morphologic characteristics of granulomatous inflammation in the heart and pericardium are discussed. In rheumatic fever, two types of myocardial lesion are present--a nonspecific myocarditis and a specific lesion characterized by granulomas known as Aschoff's nodules. The latter undergo a cycle of development and resolution; in their mature stage, they contain Aschoff's cells which are uni or multinucleated histiocytes with a serrated nuclear chromatin bar. Ultrastructural studies do not suggest a relationship between these cells and cardiac or smooth muscle cells. In metabolic disorders, granulomas occur in Farber's disease (lipogranulomatosis), gout (in which tophi are associated with calcific deposits and with a foreign body cellular reaction), the various syndromes of oxalosis (in which oxalate deposits also lead to a foreign body reaction), and in chronic granulomatous disease of childhood. Foreign body giant cells can also be found in association with calcification of necrotic myocytes and in the syndromes of "cholesterol pericarditis." Well-developed granulomas occur in sarcoidosis, giant cell myocarditis, as a reaction to foreign bodies and devices implanted within the cardiovascular system, and in certain diseased caused by infective agents (tuberculosis, fungal and parasitic disorders). Infiltration of the heart by nongranulomatous masses of histiocytes can occur in Whipple's disease, Niemann-Pick disease, the hyperlipoproteinemias, Gaucher's disease, and in proliferative disorders of the mononuclear phagocyte system (juvenile xanthogranuloma, Chester-Erdheim syndrome, and malignant histiocytosis). PMID- 3916478 TI - Clinical application of NMR-CT for idiopathic cardiomyopathy. AB - The accuracy of a newly developed nuclear magnetic resonance-computed tomography (NMR-CT) technique in diagnosing idiopathic cardiomyopathy was assessed and compared with other procedures such as echocardiography, coronary angiography, left ventriculography, myocardial biopsy, and electrocardiography. In case 1, the NMR-CT clearly revealed thickening of the lateral ventricular free wall and ventricular septum, which strongly suggested hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Catheterization showed a pressure gradient of 54 mm Hg and this patient was diagnosed as having hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. In case 2, the NMR CT showed dilatation of the ventricular cavity indicative of dilated cardiomyopathy. This was confirmed by echocardiography, which revealed the enlarged cavity of the ventricle and poor movement. In case 3, the patient had marked hypertension; the cardiac silhouette was enlarged, but the NMR-CT revealed that the ventricular free wall and septum were of normal thickness. This study shows that NMR-CT is of value in the differential diagnosis of idiopathic cardiomyopathy. PMID- 3916479 TI - Four years of experience in endomyocardial biopsy--an immunohistologic approach. AB - Left ventricular biopsies from 376 patients (including 78 patients undergoing bypass surgery) were analyzed by light microscopy (necrosis, infiltration with or without fibrosis) and by immunohistology (bound antibodies). Circulating antisarcolemmal antibodies (ASA) were determined at the time of biopsy using a double-sandwich technique. Circulating antimyolemmal antibodies were assessed in intact rat and human cardiocytes. Histologic findings, heart catheterization, and echocardiography together with the patient's history established the diagnosis of perimyocarditis, myocarditis, postmyocarditic dilated cardiomyopathy, healed myocarditis, and healed perimyocarditis. Both bound and circulating ASA were found in up to 100% of cases in acute inflammatory heart disease and postmyocarditic cardiomyopathy, indicating a secondary immunopathogenesis of the myocardial disease. Analysis of immunoglobulin subclasses revealed: IgG-binding does not discriminate between acute/healing/healed carditis and postmyocarditic dilated heart disease (61.1%-91.7% positive); IgM binding is diagnostic for acute or healing perimyocarditis but has a relatively low incidence (33.3%); IgA binding occurs in acute or healing myocarditis (45.5%), perimyocarditis (33.3%), and in postmyocarditic heart disease (39.4%), but not in controls; complement fixation was never seen in controls, but was seen in acute myocarditis (45.4%), perimyocarditis (25%), and postmyocarditic heart disease (46%). Pretreatment of cryostat sections with collagenase to avoid "nonspecific" binding of antibodies to collagen considerably reduced the sensitivity but increased the specificity. Thus, endomyocardial biopsy proved a safe and valuable method for the further analysis of patients with carditis and myocardial disease of unknown origin. PMID- 3916480 TI - Endomyocardial biopsy detection of acute rejection in cardiac allograft recipients. AB - Endomyocardial biopsy provides a safe, reliable, morphologic index of acute rejection and has an important role to play in the management of patients in whom acute rejection occurs. Repeated endomyocardial biopsies are well tolerated, permitting monitoring of acute rejection in cardiac recipients. Some patients have undergone over 30 serial biopsies. Adequate sampling requires at least four pieces of tissue. The biopsies are graded in the following manner: Mild acute rejection is characterized by a perivascular and mild interstitial infiltrate of pyroninophilic lymphoblasts without myocyte necrosis. Moderate acute rejection has an increased infiltrate extending into the interstitium and causing focal myocyte necrosis. This requires augmentation of immunosuppression. Severe acute rejection, which is more difficult to reverse, includes a more prolific infiltrate with the addition of neutrophils, hemorrhage, and increased myocyte necrosis. Ongoing acute rejection implies that the degree of acute rejection is the same, or worse, than the previous biopsy. Resolving or resolved acute rejection shows reparative changes with diminishing or absent inflammatory infiltrate following treatment. Recipients treated with Cyclosporin-A develop rejection and respond to treatment more slowly than with conventional treatment. This group also develops endocardial infiltrates and a dose-related fine perimyocytic cardiac fibrosis. The endomyocardial biopsy is also useful in identifying infectious agents, for example, toxoplasmosis in cardiac recipients. PMID- 3916481 TI - Recent developments of cardiac digital radiography. AB - Digitization in cardiovascular radiology is on the verge of its realization. Since its introduction digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is gradually replacing conventional angiography in several areas of the body. The initial tendency to avoid the arterial catheterization by intravenous injection is somewhat reversed in favor of smaller intraarterial amounts of contrast medium injected through smaller catheters at reduced rates. However, left ventriculography by intravenous route has gained widespread acceptance at rest and with exercise: motion artifacts are less crucial for ventriculography than for small arteries, in which the same motion artifacts cause a more important relative deterioration of the image, so that it has to be corrected by pixel shift. DSA is only the first step towards functional imaging, where time and other parameters are condensed in one single color coded picture. Biharmonic Fourier analysis for quantitative analysis of regional left ventricular contraction and relaxation and digital coronary radiography for evaluation of contrast progression in the coronary circulation are two areas of cardiology where parametric imaging can help to detect functional abnormalities, especially in coronary heart disease. PMID- 3916483 TI - Digital processing in cardiac imaging. AB - In recent years, imaging modalities have realized the potential for digitizing images of the heart. These modalities include nuclear cardiology, echocardiography, digital subtraction angiography, computed tomography, positron emission tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. Once the cardiac images have been digitized by the computer and formatted in a pixel array of data, the computer can perform mathematical operations on the input (original) images for the purpose of providing improved output (processed) images. The computer can also analyze the original (or processed) images for the purpose of extracting global, regional, or temporal measurements of cardiac perfusion and function. These processes include the restoration, enhancement, analysis, manipulation, and coding of images. These basic processes are implemented by a combination of image processing operations. These operations include pixel point processing, pixel group processing, frame processing, geometric processing, and information extraction. This article describes how these operations are used to perform processes, and how these processes are applied to cardiac imaging, currently and in the future. PMID- 3916482 TI - Echocardiography: current status and future prospects. PMID- 3916485 TI - Heart transplantation in Arizona. AB - From January 1, 1979 through October 31, 1984, 58 heart transplantations have been performed in 57 patients. Conventional immunosuppression was utilized in the first 32 patients. Since January 1, 1983 cyclosporine and a low dose of prednisone have been the immunosuppressive agents of choice. The annual survival rates were 75% in 1979, 67% in 1980, 75% in 1981, 57% in 1982 and 60% in 1983. Patients whose age ranged from 50 to 57 years had similar survival to the younger recipients. Early deaths resulted from infection in 3 patients, acute rejection in 4, acute failure of the donor heart in 2 and renal failure in 2. Late deaths resulted from infection in 5 recipients, acute rejection in 2, chronic rejection in 4, arrhythmia in l and lymphoma in l. Of 31 patients alive, three months to five years after the operation, 28 are NYHA Class I or II. Heart transplantation is thus an effective therapy for selected patients. PMID- 3916484 TI - The character of transient myocardial ischemia: clinical studies and progress using positron emission tomography. PMID- 3916487 TI - Cyclosporine induced myocardial fibrosis: a unique controlled case report. AB - Many patients treated with cyclosporine in the Stanford Heart Transplant Program have exhibited perimyocytic fibrosis in the donor heart, seen on endomyocardial biopsy specimen. Although restrictive hemodynamic effects have not been observed up to three years after transplantation, there is a possibility that such changes could become a problem. With the increasing use of cyclosporine in non-cardiac organ transplantation, it is of interest to examine the effect of this drug upon the non transplanted heart. This was possible in a man who underwent a heterotopic heart transplantation 3 1/2 years ago, and who has been followed with serial endomyocardial biopsies from both hearts. Although there were no episodes of rejection the donor heart developed significant perimyocytic fibrosis which was not seen in the native heart. This study suggests that cyclosporine induced fibrosis only occurs in the transplanted heart. PMID- 3916486 TI - The significance of left ventricular volume measurement after heart transplantation using radionuclide techniques. AB - Multigated equilibrium blood pool scanning using Technetium 99m labeled red blood cells was used to measure left ventricular volumes in three heterotopic and one orthotopic heart transplant recipient(s). Simultaneously, an endomyocardial biopsy was performed and the degree of acute rejection was assessed by a histological scoring system. The scores were correlated to changes in ejection fraction and heart rate. Technetium 99m scanning data were pooled according to the endomyocardial biopsy score: no rejection; mild rejection; moderate rejection, and severe rejection. In each group, the median of the left ventricular volume parameters was calculated and correlated with the endomyocardial biopsy score, using a non-parametric one-way analysis of variance. A decrease in stroke volume correlated best with the endomyocardial biopsy score during acute rejection. A decrease in end-diastolic left ventricular volumes did not correlate as well. Changes in the end-systolic left ventricular volumes were not statistically significant, but using a simple correlation between end systolic left ventricular volumes and endomyocardial biopsy the correlation reached significance. Changes in left ventricular volumes measured by Technetium 99m scanning may be useful to confirm the presence or absence of acute rejection in patients with heart grafts. PMID- 3916488 TI - The lymphocyte subpopulations in cyclosporine-treated human heart rejection. AB - Monoclonal antibodies are being used as specific therapeutic agents for treating organ rejection. This type of treatment requires that the pattern and type of infiltrating cells in the graft during acute rejection be defined. In this study 24 endomyocardial biopsies from cyclosporine-treated human heart allograft recipients were obtained during acute rejection. The biopsies were stained with immunological markers to define the infiltrating cells. The biopsies were divided into three groups; mild, moderate and resolving acute rejection. In all groups T lymphocytes (marked with the monoclonal Leu-4) were the predominant cells with absence of B-lymphocytes (marked with T015). The results of this study showed that cyclosporine-treated heart transplant recipients have a mixed suppressor/cytotoxic (Leu-2a) and helper/inducer (Leu-3) myocardial infiltrate in contrast to the biopsies of recipients treated with azathioprine, in which suppressor/cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (Leu-2a) were predominant. A clear sequential pattern of changes in the T-cell subpopulations did not emerge, although macrophages became more prevalent with resolving rejection. PMID- 3916490 TI - Teaching the transplant recipient. PMID- 3916489 TI - Is cyclosporine's nephrotoxicity related to its immunosuppressive effectiveness? AB - A fatal early acute rejection occurred in a heart allograft recipient immunosuppressed with Cyclosporine. This failure to prevent rejection in spite of satisfactory plasma levels of Cyclosporine was associated with total absence of renal impairment. The latter has always been present in our experience. The absence of immune and nephrotoxic effects raises the question of a biological defect in this patient, possibly a lack of specific receptors for Cyclosporine. PMID- 3916491 TI - Psychological and social aspects of heart transplantation. AB - During the past three years, some 180 patients were assessed as potential candidates for a heart transplantation at Papworth Hospital. One hundred of them underwent the operation. This report presents the views of a social worker about the psychological and social aspects of heart transplantation based on personal experience with these patients. The different stages through which a heart transplant patient progresses, from the onset of his illness until resumption of a normal life will be considered, focusing on what this author believes to be some of the important aspects of these stages. PMID- 3916492 TI - Psychological aspects of heart transplantation. AB - In the past, psychological problems associated with HTx have not been well documented. We have identified six stages of psychological adjustment associated with the initial hospitalization and eight problem areas that develop after the initial hospitalization. Our approach has been to utilize psychiatric services for the initial evaluation and for intervention on an individual basis. This approach was extended in June, 1983, to include a family members support group, and we are now planning a support group for the HTx patients. The data from our multicenter survey indicates that other centers in the United States and England have had similar experience with their HTx recipients. The approach has been a "traditional" one, and there are no support groups like the ones we created at this time, although several centers are in the planning stages of this type of therapy. This inquiry represents the first attempt to address the psychological problems associated with HTx. It is a first step in learning to treat these patients as a whole. However, many issues remain unaddressed because the methods of this investigation were subjective. The patient population has yet to be studied intensely to identify how it perceives its own problems, and how those problems evolve during prolonged survival, one to five years after HTx. Are these latter problems the same as those experienced during that first post-operative year? Lastly, if other centers organize support groups, it would be useful to form a network that would allow a patient to attend the group closest to his home when he leaves the HTx center. PMID- 3916493 TI - Twenty years of lung preservation--a review. AB - Preservation of the lung remains a major challenge and hinders the development of distant lung and heart-lung block procurement, limiting the clinical application of these modalities. The progress made in the field of lung preservation is reviewed and the many unanswered problems are presented here. PMID- 3916494 TI - The intramyocardial pressure: a parameter of heart contractility. AB - A method of monitoring was developed to directly measure the intramyocardial pressure and to objectively assess the viability and contractility of a heart allograft before it is harvested, during its period of preservation and following its implantation. Intramyocardial pressure was measured in the subendocardial and subepicardial regions using implantable solid state sensors. The data demonstrated that a normally contracting in situ heart exhibits a transmural intramyocardial pressure gradient, the systolic subendocardial pressure being consistently greater than the left ventricle and subepicardial pressures. Subendocardial pressure markedly changes during inotropic stimulation or myocardial ischemia. In three canine allografts and in an isolated, perfused and vented beating heart similar responses were observed during pharmacologic and hemodynamic testing. The intramyocardial pressure measurement proved to be relatively insensitive to preload and afterload changes provided coronary perfusion remained unaltered. Ventricular fibrillation produced an elevated and oscillating intramyocardial pressure while cardioplegic arrest reduced it to near zero. Diastolic pressure measurements were most sensitive to detect myocardial contracture ("stone" heart) during which intramyocardial pressure increased significantly. The "stone" heart exhibited persistent mechanical activity despite no visible contraction. The edematous heart's response to inotropic stimulation was reduced. Ischemia induced by inadequate perfusion was detected by a rapid drop in systolic intramyocardial pressure, preferentially affecting the endocardial region. This study establishes that the change in diastolic intramyocardial pressures in response in inotropic stimulus is a reliable indicator of myocardial contractility and viability and could be used during the procurement and preservation of the heart for transplantation. PMID- 3916495 TI - Multiple organ procurement from one donor. AB - To maximize organ utilization, we assessed the feasibility of retrieving the heart and two single lungs or the heart and a separate bilateral lung block for transplantation into multiple recipients. In eight dogs the excision of the heart lung block or of the left lung was followed by six hours of lung preservation. Four of these lungs and all eight hearts were transplanted successfully. In addition, satisfactory retrieval of the three separate organs or of the heart and a separate bilateral lung block was done in six human cadavers. An appropriate division of the left atrial wall provided suitable cuffs for individual transplantation of the three organs or for the heart and bilateral lung block. This study demonstrates the feasibility of multiple organ donation from a single donor followed by separate organ transplantation. PMID- 3916496 TI - Lung transplantation in the rat: histopathology of left lung iso- and allografts. AB - The histopathology of pulmonary isografts and allografts in rats was investigated. During the first three days after transplantation the isografts showed scattered areas of exudate, containing polymorphonuclear leukocytes and macrophages, and a large number of type II alveolar cells with a highly pyroninophylic cytoplasm. One to two months later these pathological findings had completely disappeared. In contrast, the allografts were rapidly infiltrated with predominantly mononuclear leukocytes, from the second postoperative day onwards, eventually resulting in a more or less hemorrhagic and necrotic graft eight days after transplantation. Rat lung allografts are rejected faster than canine lungs, and more uniformly because of the use of inbred rat strains with defined histocompatibility mismatches. The rat model offers an advantageous model to study immunologic aspects of lung and heart-lung transplantation. PMID- 3916497 TI - The International Society for Heart Transplantation: fifth annual scientific session. March 8-9, 1985, Anaheim, California. Abstracts. PMID- 3916498 TI - The International Heart Transplantation Registry. The 1984 report. PMID- 3916499 TI - Vascular endothelial cell HLA-DR antigen and myocyte necrosis in human allograft rejection. AB - Endomyocardial biopsies were obtained from patients who had received a human heart allograft. The biopsies were stained with a monoclonal antibody to the HLA DR framework structure and the presence of HLA-DR was determined by an immunoperoxidase staining procedure. An increase in the concentration of HLA-DR on the vascular endothelium was detected shortly after transplantation. Low concentrations of endothelial DR were rarely (1/13) associated with myocyte necrosis. Eleven of 36 biopsies having an increased concentration of vascular endothelial cell DR antigen had myocyte necrosis. This study established that rejection is associated with an increase in HLA-DR antigens on the vascular endothelial cells. PMID- 3916500 TI - Histologic pattern of early heart allograft rejection under cyclosporine treatment. AB - The histologic abnormalities associated with early heart rejection in cyclosporine-treated patients are not fully characterized. To study these abnormalities, Lewis rats received ACI heart-lung allografts and two weeks of cyclosporine treatment. Then the therapy was discontinued. Controls were sacrificed at that time; other animals were sacrificed three, six, and nine days later. The rejection score was determined solely by the percentage of necrotic myocardium, while 13 other histologic parameters were semi-quantitatively graded to identify parameters of early rejection of the heart. There was no evidence of myocardial necrosis or significant inflammation three days after discontinuation of therapy. At six and nine days, despite the absence of myocyte necrosis, there were significant increases in the grades for interstitial and endocardial inflammation, venous cuffing, perivascular inflammation with intermyocyte extension and arterial vasculitis. Our quantitative and semi-quantitative histologic analysis identified abnormalities of the early stage of heart rejection that may provide clues in defining rejection prior to the development of myocyte necrosis. PMID- 3916501 TI - Effect of betablockade on dynamic exercise in human heart transplant recipients. AB - We evaluated the tolerance of heart transplant recipients to acute betablockade during maximal dynamic exercise. Although the increase in rate and systolic blood pressure were attenuated, exercise tolerance was reduced by only about 15%, which is similar to that previously reported in normal individuals. Betablockade attenuated the increases in heart rate of the denervated donor hearts to a greater extent compared to the increases in the innervated recipient hearts in patients with heterotopic heart transplantation. Therefore, betablockers may be safely used in heart transplantation for appropriate indications such as hypertension. PMID- 3916502 TI - Improved immunosuppression for heart transplantation. AB - Since 1981, at the University of Minnesota, and more recently at Washington University in St. Louis, cyclosporine has been used as the main immunosuppressive agent for heart transplantation. It was initially combined with prednisone and given in a manner similar to that described at Stanford. In late 1983, concern regarding the nephrotoxic side effects of cyclosporine were heightened due to the fact that a potential recipient had chronic renal insufficiency secondary to renal damage suffered during previous heart surgery. In this patient it was decided to use lower doses of cyclosporine and to add azathioprine to maintain adequate immunosuppression. Initially, the same prednisone therapy was employed. This patient had an uncomplicated course following heart transplantation and was discharged with a normal renal function. This experience was the origin of a trial consisting of using cyclosporine, azathioprine, and prednisone as immunotherapy for heart transplantation. This report describes the results of this therapy in 17 patients. PMID- 3916503 TI - Improved myocardial preservation by control of the oxidation-reduction potential. AB - Simple cold storage remains the current method of preservation of human heart allografts between removal and transplantation, but this technique is not adequate for prolonged periods of preservation. An alternative to cold storage is machine perfusion of the isolated organ. Although this technique has yielded promising results in kidney preservation, there is limited experience with the heart. One factor limiting the effectiveness of perfusion preservation is the toxicity of oxygen free radicals generated during the perfusion. The generation and reduction of these radicals results in an electron transfer, producing an electrochemical potential known as the redox potential. This study examines the role of machine perfusion in heart preservation with and without the use of a new electrochemical cell that is able to control the redox potential during the perfusion. Hearts were preserved for twenty-four hours by either simple cold storage (Group I), or by machine perfusion with redox monitoring (Group II), or redox control (Group III). Control of the oxidation-reduction potential of the perfusate during machine perfusion of isolated hearts resulted in significantly improved systolic and diastolic function after perfusion compared to hearts that underwent machine perfusion without redox control or simple cold storage. PMID- 3916504 TI - Twenty-four hour lung preservation by hypothermia and leukocyte depletion. AB - In lung preservation, as well as in other forms of pulmonary disease, injury is associated with sequestration of leukocytes. We hypothesized that leukocyte depletion could prevent reperfusion injury and prolong the period of safe lung preservation. The heart-lung block from 39 New Zealand white rabbits were harvested, flushed with 100 ml of a modified Collins solution, stored at 4 degrees C in a 30% inflation state, and reperfused with either whole blood or leukocyte depleted blood. Leukocyte depletion was accomplished using a blood filter and verified with selected leukocyte counts. Leukocyte readdition specimens were obtained from whole blood, the separation being done with hydroxyethyl starch and centrifugation at 4,000 rpm for five minutes. Six groups of rabbit lungs were studied. Group 1 consisted of control lungs that were not preserved and were reperfused with whole blood. Lungs in Group 2 underwent five hour preservation and whole blood reperfusion. Lungs in Group 3 underwent five hour preservation and leukocyte depleted blood reperfusion. Lungs in Group 4 underwent 24-hour preservation and leukocyte depleted blood reperfusion. Lungs in Group 5 also underwent 24-hour preservation, leukocyte depleted blood reperfusion, but with leukocyte readded at the onset of reperfusion. Lastly, lungs in Group 6 underwent 24-hour preservation, leukocyte depleted blood reperfusion, with leukocyte readdition after one hour of reperfusion. Group 5 showed pulmonary edema and complete reservoir emptying within the first hour of reperfusion. Group 2 had comparable poor results. Groups 3, 4, and 6 showed no significant differences from the control lungs in regard to pressure or reservoir loss.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3916505 TI - An autoperfused heart-lung-preparation: metabolism and function. AB - The number of heart transplantations performed in the United States is increasing, and better preservation techniques are needed for distant transport and improved organ viability. Earlier experiments demonstrated that the autoperfused heart-lung preparation maintains adequate function for six to seven hours without exogenous substrates or medications. The present study evaluated the metabolic alterations at normothermia in an autoperfused heart-lung preparation and if its longevity can be extended by satisfying metabolic requirements. Thirty autoperfused heart-lung preservations were tested with an elevated buffer-bag that maintained left ventricle pressure between 75 mm Hg and 80 mm Hg. The entry and exit ports of the buffer-bag were fitted with one-way valves to insure blood circulation. Left ventricle and arterial pressure, blood pH, PCO2, PO2, glucose, free fatty acids, pyruvate and lactate were measured at regular intervals. In a first series of experiments, myocardial biopsies were taken for ATP determinations. The autoperfused heart-lung preparations were found to consume preferentially free fatty acids until their arterial level dropped to 350 +/- 24 microEq/L. Glucose then became the perferred substrate. After six to seven hours, when the glucose level dropped to 10 mg/dL, the cardiac activity stopped. In a second series, a 10% glucose solution containing 25 IU/dL of insulin was infused at a rate of 0.1 mL/min, extending the longevity of the preparation up to 18 hours. Then, the heart dilated and abruptly stopped. Massive bacterial contamination was found. When aseptic techniques were used in conjunction with antibiotics, the longevity was extended to 24 hours.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3916506 TI - Mechanical assistance for biventricular failure following coronary bypass operation and heart transplantation. AB - From September 1983 to March 1985, five patients who could not be weaned from extracorporeal circulation or who deteriorated in the recovery room have been treated with biventricular mechanical support using two vortex pumps, standard cannulas and tubing. One patient was supported for six hours following heart transplantation and acute graft failure until another donor heart could be found. Intraaortic balloon pumping was utilized in each patient to augment the circulation and produce pulsatile flow. Four of the five patients were weaned from the device. Only one patient is currently a long-term survivor. Although long-term survival has been low, the ability of the myocardium to recover was impressive and warrants the efforts at assisting the heart in biventricular failure. PMID- 3916507 TI - Heart transplantation at a private institution: a two year experience. AB - Since October 1982, 45 patients were referred and 15 underwent orthotopic heart transplantations. Eleven patients are presently alive. The donor heart ischemic time averaged 104 minutes for locally procured hearts and 183 minutes for hearts harvested in distant cities. Ninety-three percent of the patients survived the perioperative period. Survival rate at six months was 84%, at one and two years 72% and 52%, respectively. The one year survivors spent 80% of their time out of the hospital. The average cost for the transplant admission was $58,023. Four patients died 11 days, 57 days, 8 and 12 months after the operation. During the first three months there were 0.75 rejection episodes, 1.13 infections and 1.40 other complications per patient. We conclude that heart transplantation can be successfully carried out at a private institution, with excellent survival rates and at reasonable costs. In spite of progress, infection and rejection still account for most of the mortality and morbidity. PMID- 3916508 TI - Cardiac function following prolonged preservation and orthotopic transplantation. AB - Donor dog hearts perfused with whole blood were preserved ex vivo, beating, for 12 hours before orthotopic implantation. Twenty-four to 48 hours following implantation, ventricular function was studied using sonomicrometric techniques and compared to that of acutely denervated and conventionally preserved transplanted hearts. Hearts preserved ex vivo for 12 hours and then implanted in an orthotopic position had ventricular function statistically equal to or better than acutely denervated or conventionally preserved transplanted hearts. PMID- 3916509 TI - Preformed lymphocytotoxic antibodies disappear following cyclosporine therapy. PMID- 3916510 TI - The case for de-centralization. PMID- 3916511 TI - Comparison of immunosuppression therapy following heart transplantation: pretransfusion/azathioprine/ATG/prednisone versus cyclosporine/prednisone. AB - Since the introduction of cyclosporine in heart transplantation, the search for the ideal combination of immunosuppressive agents continues. Between January 1983 and February 1985, 32 patients have been randomized prospectively to either one of two immunosuppressive regimens: one includes pretransplant transfusion, prednisone, azathioprine and rabbit anti-thymocyte globulin [Group I, n = 14], the other includes cyclosporine and prednisone [Group II, n = 18]. There were no differences between Group I and II in relation to age distribution, indications for transplantation, preoperative serum creatinine, length of follow-up, mortality or number of rejection episodes per patient. However, there was a statistically significant increase in the incidence of serious infections in Group I compared to Group II patients, and also in Group II of the incidence of systemic hypertension (p less than 0.001), of symptomatic pericardial effusion (p less than 0.05) and impaired renal function (p less than 0.02). Adding cyclosporine to azathioprine immunosuppression is effective in treating ongoing rejection in patients not previously treated with cyclosporine. In conclusion, patients treated with azathioprine and prednisone (Group I) develop a greater number of serious infections, but both groups had a similar incidence of rejection. The development of renal dysfunction and hypertension in patients treated with cyclosporine continues to be of concern and may preclude its use as an effective long-term immunosuppressive agent in heart transplant recipients. PMID- 3916512 TI - Cytoimmunological monitoring in acute rejection and viral, bacterial or fungal infection following transplantation. AB - This study assessed the ability of immunomonitoring to differentiate between acute cardiac rejection and viral, bacterial or fungal infections, using data of thirty-five cyclosporine treated heart and heart-lung transplant recipients. Peripheral blood samples were analyzed daily for 20 days, then three times weekly until the patient's discharge. Later, peripheral blood was examined every fourteen days on an outpatient basis. White blood cells were counted and differentiated. A mononuclear concentrate was obtained by the Ficoll-Hypaque gradient and centrifugation method, and cytocentrifuged onto slides. The cells were stained by a five minute method. Percentages of lymphocytes, prelymphoblasts, lymphoblasts, large granular lymphocytes and monocytes were calculated. When activated cells were detected, aliquots of the mononuclear concentrate were labeled using monoclonal antibodies. In these thirty-five patients, more than 60 acute rejection episodes were diagnosed by the cytoimmunological method. Acute rejection was characterized by a significant rise of the number of leukocytes, lymphocytes, prelymphoblasts and lymphoblasts. The T lymphocyte population increased while the B-cells remained normal. Ninety-five percent of all acute rejection episodes were diagnosed using cytoimmunological parameters. During viral infection more than 20% of the mononuclear cells were large granular lymphocytes and the OKT4/OKT8 ratio was less than one. During bacterial and fungal infections the B-lymphocytes increased to 40% of the mononuclear cells. In addition, juvenile polymorphs appeared in the mononuclear concentrate and the OKT4/OKT8 ratio was within normal limits (1.5 to 2.5).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3916513 TI - Acute renal failure after heart transplantation and cyclosporine therapy. AB - Five of 23 (22%) patients receiving cyclosporine immunosuppression following heart transplantation developed postoperative acute renal failure, whereas none of 17 patients treated with azathioprine had this complication (p = 0.05). Two pre-operative risk factors for acute renal failure in cyclosporine treated patients were identified: a serum creatinine greater than 2 mg/100 mL during the year prior to the transplantation and a need for inotropic support in the week prior to operation. A protocol of low dose cyclosporine and rabbit antithymocyte globulin was developed for patients with risk factors for acute renal failure. Among patients with one or both risk factors, five of nine receiving cyclosporine developed acute renal failure (56%) whereas of seven patients receiving the cyclosporine and rabbit antithymocyte globulin protocol, none developed acute renal failure (p = 0.02). The reduction in acute renal failure, using the cyclosporine/rabbit antithymocyte globulin protocol has been accomplished without an increase in early rejection or infection. PMID- 3916514 TI - Effects of cyclosporine on renal function following orthotopic heart transplantation. AB - The early and late nephrotoxicity of cyclosporine was examined in 23 orthotopic heart transplant recipients and two heart-lung transplant recipients up to four years after the operation. Cyclosporine was given orally pre-operatively and intravenously for the first two to five days after the operation. Subsequent daily oral therapy, in two divided doses, was adjusted to maintain serum trough levels in the range of 150 vg/ml to 200 vg/ml. By six months after the transplantation, the trough level was reduced to approximately 100 vg/ml. The mean pre-operative creatinine was 119 +/- 27 microM/L. After the operation there was transient oliguria in all patients, the mean peak creatinine (251 +/- 104 microM/L) occurring on days two to five. By day eight, creatinine (138 +/- 68 microM/L) was not significantly different from the pre-operative value. The maximal cyclosporine trough level (479 +/- 216 vg/ml) was also seen on days two to five and declined (195 +/- 53 vg/ml) on day ten. Despite the temporal association, linear regression analysis demonstrated no correlation between the early increase in creatinine and the cyclosporine level. There was, however, a correlation between the pre-operative creatinine and the peak post-operative creatinine. Two patients required dialysis but no death could be attributed to renal failure. By six months after the operation, serum creatinine had increased to 145 +/- 53 microM/ml and thereafter, with gradual reduction in cyclosporine dosage serum creatinine levels stabilized at 197 +/- 97 mu/mL at two years.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3916515 TI - Renal function and blood pressure in heart transplant recipients treated with cyclosporine. AB - Cyclosporine, a cyclic endecapeptide of fungal origin, has been used for nine years in clinical transplantation to suppress allograft rejection. Nephrotoxicity represents the most frequent and severe complication associated with its use and may ultimately define the limits of its utility as a drug for long term immunosuppression. However, this nephrotoxicity cannot be truly assessed in kidney transplant recipients for obvious reasons. It has recently been reported in heart transplant recipients. In addition, cyclosporine therapy is responsible for a persistent elevation of blood pressure requiring intensive and combined anti-hypertensive regimens. This hypertension develops within the first weeks post-transplantation in 60% to 90% of heart allograft recipients. This study analyzes the renal function and blood pressure of patients operated on in our department where cyclosporine was introduced in 1981. PMID- 3916516 TI - Management of cyclosporine toxicity by reduced dosage and azathioprine. AB - While cyclosporine immunosuppression has improved the results of heart transplantation, nephrotoxicity and hypertension occurred in a large percentage of surviving patients. The potential irreversibility of these toxicities was noted in patients chronically exposed to cyclosporine. The immunosuppressive protocol was modified in those patients with a serum creatinine greater than 2.5 mg/100 mL. Azathioprine was added to the immunosuppressive regimen, and the dose of cyclosporine was steadily decreased until the creatinine was lowered. The combination of low-dose cyclosporine and azathioprine provided effective immunosuppression and was associated with a significant decrease in serum creatinine level, in systolic and diastolic blood pressures. Although it is premature to assess the long-term results of this immunosuppressive protocol, the early results are encouraging. PMID- 3916517 TI - Why are lung allografts more vigorously rejected than hearts? AB - The fact that lungs are more prone to rejection than hearts was studied in a fully allogeneic rat strains combination. Between these strains, lung rejection was significantly faster than that of the heart (mean survival time of 4.0 versus 6.8 days). The mucosal immune system transplanted within the lung allograft was found to intensify the recipient's immune response in several ways. First, it facilitates the infiltration of the graft by recipient lymphocytes. Secondly, it provides a strong stimulus for the local immune response in the graft itself, and lastly, the dissimination of donor lymphocytes from the graft into the recipient generates a systemic immune response. PMID- 3916518 TI - Heart transplantation in children. PMID- 3916519 TI - Life satisfaction following heart transplantation. AB - This study investigated perceived life satisfaction and quality of life reported by heart transplant recipients. The impact of life change following transplantation and problems associated with side-effects of the immunosuppressive therapy were also examined. Questionnaires were mailed to one hundred heart transplant recipients. All had survived at least six months after the operation. Seventy-five completed the questionnaire. Eighty-nine percent of those reported good to excellent quality of life. Life satisfaction was reported as good to very satisfactory by 82%. The considerable change in life style following transplantation was mostly perceived as positive. All recipients experienced some side-effects from the immunosuppressive therapy. However, these physical symptoms had little impact upon the overall positive evaluation of life quality and life satisfaction. PMID- 3916520 TI - The role of nursing in a support group for heart transplantation recipients and their families. AB - Heart transplantation, an increasingly accepted intervention to prolong life, involves specific nursing interventions, not only in the area of patient physical care but also in areas of health teaching and psychosocial assessment. This study discusses data collected from a support group created in September 1984 for heart transplant recipients and their families. The major concerns of patients and families were identified and translated into implications for nursing care. Fourteen sessions were voice-recorded and analyzed, identifying common, recurring topics. A total of 24 potential candidates for transplantation and recipients, ranging in age from 19 to 52 years, and eight wives participated in at least one of the weekly sessions. The average attendance per session was eight patients and three wives. The major areas of concern related to; health maintenance, role relationships, self perception/self concept, values/beliefs regarding health, and coping/stress tolerance. Preoperative patients had greater concern for health maintenance, whereas patients in the post-transplant period were more concerned about role-relationships, sexual function and activity-exercise patterns. Nursing implications in these areas included in-depth health teaching about procedures, medications and their side effects, self-care regarding signs and symptoms of infection or rejection, and dietary requirements and limitations. Other aspects involved psychosocial adjustments following discharge from the hospital.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3916521 TI - Complete isolation: is it necessary? PMID- 3916522 TI - Heart transplantation in Paris, at "La Pitie" Hospital. PMID- 3916523 TI - Clinical spectrum of mechanical circulatory assistance. AB - Mechanical blood pumps can provide effective circulatory support in a variety of clinical settings. Ventricular assist devices are single ventricle blood pumps designed to work in parallel with the natural heart. These devices can be powered by air pulses or an electric motor to provide temporary or permanent circulatory assistance, respectively. Unlike ventricular assist devices, artificial hearts replace the natural heart. In doing so, they provide complete support of both the systemic and pulmonary circulation. Air-driven artificial hearts will primarily support patients with profound biventricular failure prior to heart transplantation. Electrically assisted artificial hearts with their implantable energy converters are in the earliest stages of development. These devices will ultimately serve as permanent heart replacements in patients who do not qualify for heart transplantation. PMID- 3916525 TI - Replacement of the heart. PMID- 3916524 TI - Five years of heart transplantation in Pittsburgh. AB - Looking over the five years of HTx experience in Pittsburgh we conclude that a reasonable success has been achieved and that the promise of Cy superiority has been realized. Although certain naivete about the likely panacea property of Cy occurred early, major adjustments in the original immunosuppressive protocol were required and included the use of rescue ATG, the measurement of Cy levels in the blood, the use of less Cy, and the perioperative avoidance of Cy. We anticipate a continued 80% one year survival with a likely survival in excess of 66% at five years. Furthermore, it is believed that the avoidance of early nephrotoxicity combined with the use of less Cy chronically will result in far fewer problems with nephrotoxicity. While we have been conservative with our immunosuppression, we have aggressively broadened the criteria for candidacy to include patients mortally ill, patients with elevated pulmonary vascular resistances, and those in their sixth decade. We believe that challenges for the future will include the development of selective immunosuppressants and coordinated networks for donor procurement so that more patients will have the opportunity for cardiac replacement. PMID- 3916526 TI - Heart transplantation, the Tucson perspective. PMID- 3916527 TI - Interim heart replacement with a mechanical device: an adjunct to management of allograft rejection. AB - Acute heart rejection; unresponsive to immunosuppressive therapy, results in cardiogenic shock and death. In the absence of another donor heart, a total artificial heart can be used as a suitable bridging device to re-transplantation. A thirty-three year-old man rejected his allograft forty-eight hours after transplantation. A total artificial heart was used for eleven hours until another donor heart became available and was transplanted. During the bridging period, the hemodynamic performance of the mechanical prosthesis was satisfactory. The patient died forty-eight hours after re-transplantation of donor right heart failure due to pulmonary edema. This edema was felt to be related to the long periods of cardiopulmonary bypass. This unique experience illustrates the need for a prompt decision to proceed with cardiac replacement, avoiding long periods of cardiopulmonary bypass, the need for a suitable mechanical device availability, technical expertise in device implantation and allograft transplantation. PMID- 3916528 TI - Role of cardiac replacement in the neonate. AB - Since January 1978, orthotopic heart transplantation has been investigated in the Surgical Research Laboratories of Loma Linda University. The encouraging results obtained and the release of cyclosporine for use in heart recipients stimulated our interest in heart transplantation in newborns with hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Institutional approval of the investigational protocol for clinical trials of orthotopic cardiac transplantation in newborns was obtained for a first cross-species (baboon to human) heart transplant in a neonate. This report summarizes our experience in this area. PMID- 3916529 TI - Left ventricular function of heart allografts during acute rejection: an echocardiographic assessment. AB - Left ventricular function was evaluated in nine patients during biopsy proven acute rejection of heart allografts using computer-assisted analysis of echocardiograms. The results were compared with data obtained during their non rejection state and with data obtained from 10 normal subjects. Left ventricular dimensions and parameters of diastolic and systolic function of non-rejecting hearts were similar to those of normals. Acute rejection was associated with increased left ventricular mural thickness and mass, and abnormal diastolic function characterized by a prolongation of the rapid filling period from 155 msec +/- 14 msec to 183 msec +/- 16 msec (p less than 0.05, mean +/- SE), and decreased normalized peak rates of left ventricular lengthening (from 5.3 sec-1 +/- 0.8 sec-1 to 3.9 sec-1 +/- 0.4 sec-1, less than 0.05) and posterior wall thinning (from 7.4 sec-1 +/- 1.0 sec-1 to 3.8 sec-1 +/- 0.6 sec-1, p less than 0.05). Parameters of systolic function as defined by fractional shortening, peak normalized rates of left ventricular shortening and posterior wall thinning were not altered by acute rejection. We conclude that the left ventricular function of non-rejecting hearts is similar to that of normals; however, acute rejection is associated with abnormal left ventricular diastolic dynamics without adverse effect on systolic function. PMID- 3916530 TI - Experience and early results following heart transplantation at the Humana Heart Institute. AB - Five elective and one emergency orthotopic heart transplantation were performed in six patients, 32 to 54 years of age. Postoperative complications included transient renal failure in four patients with need for dialysis in one, seizure in one, and herpes infections in four. Immunosuppression of the first three patients consisted of cyclosporine and prednisone. The last three received cyclosporine and azathioprine, with prednisone added later for control of rejection. All six patients are home and well. PMID- 3916531 TI - The effect of cyclosporine, total lymphoid irradiation, and cobra venom factor on hyperacute rejection. AB - Transplantation into sensitized recipients is contraindicated due to the potential for hyperacute rejection. In order to study the mechanism of hyperacute rejection and the role of immunosuppression in the face of presensitization, we evaluated the effect of total lymphoid irradiation, cyclosporine, and cobra venom factor, alone and in combination, on hyperacute rejection of heterotopic rat heart allografts. Lewis rats were sensitized to strongly RT-1-incompatible ACI rats by three successive skin grafts. Heart allografts were then performed, and survived for a mean period of 15.7 +/- 7.4 hours. Neither preoperative treatment of hypersensitized rats with total lymphoid irradiation alone nor with cyclosporine (5 mg/kg/day) resulted in a prolongation of survival (20.4 +/- 16.6 hours and 35.6 +/- 6.2 hours, respectively). However, complement depletion using cobra venom factor significantly prolonged mean graft survival time to 114.4 +/- 31.0 hours (p less than 0.05). Cyclosporine (10 mg/kg/day) also significantly prolonged survival to 149 +/- 29 hours (p less than 0.01), but did not lower the antibody or complement levels. The addition of total lymphoid irradiation or cyclosporine to treatment with cobra venom factor did not result in longer survival than cobra venom factor alone. In conclusion, cobra venom factor and cyclosporine delay but do not prevent hyperacute rejection, while total lymphoid irradiation has no observable effect on hyperacute rejection. PMID- 3916532 TI - Does the electrocardiogram detect early acute heart rejection. AB - Changes in electrocardiographic parameters, particularly a reduction of the voltage of the QRS complex, have been held to indicate acute rejection of a transplanted heart. In a series of heterotopic heart recipients, changes in electrocardiographic parameters were correlated with histopathological evidence of acute rejection seen on endomyocardial biopsies obtained by the percutaneous transvenous technique. No statistically significant correlation was found between the electrocardiographic changes and the histopathological features. The electrocardiogram appears to be an unreliable predictor of early acute rejection in patients with heterotopic heart transplants. PMID- 3916533 TI - The International Society for Heart Transplantation: sixth annual scientific session. April 26-27, 1986, New York, New York. Abstracts. PMID- 3916534 TI - A comprehensive analysis of renal DTPA studies. I. Theory and normal values. AB - Gamma camera renograms, using DTPA, were analysed to obtain flow rates and transit times during the initial arterial phase (0-36 s) and the later glomerular phase (37 s onwards). This paper outlines the underlying theory, and the effect of age on all the variables, calculated from patients with normal renal function. PMID- 3916535 TI - A comprehensive analysis of renal DTPA studies. II. Renal transplant evaluation. AB - Renal transplant radionuclide studies, using DTPA, were analysed to produce flow and transit time measurements in both the initial arterial phase, and the later glomerular phase. Results are presented for transplanted kidneys which are normal, infarcted, obstructed, or suffering from rejection or acute tubular necrosis. Sequential studies of the vascular flow and transit time indices showed considerable promise in the detection of acute rejection, even in the presence of acute tubular necrosis. Of the six numerical indices to demonstrate acute rejection, five had accuracies of 74% or more, and all three of the indices which compared a study with a previous one had accuracies of 83% or more. PMID- 3916536 TI - Where is high technology taking nuclear medicine? PMID- 3916537 TI - Glycosaminoglycans and outflow pathways of the eye and brain. AB - The etiology of the majority of defects of the outflow pathways of aqueous humor (glaucoma) and cerebrospinal fluid absorption (hydrocephalus) is unknown. A considerable amount of evidence indicates that glycosaminoglycans have a role in regulating fluid movement through connective tissues such as the trabecular meshwork of the eye and the arachnoid of the brain. Both the eye and the brain outflow pathways have hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate within the filtration barrier. The physiological significance of glycosaminoglycans in the outflow pathways may be their ability to form highly viscous and elastic gel-like solutions that function as a selective biological gel filtration system, which maintains normal intraocular and intracranial pressure. We suggest that glycosaminoglycans may act to maintain the unidirectional character, low-flow fluid movement, and pressure gradient between the trabecular lamellae and the drainage channels of the eye and the brain. This review of the outflow pathways of the eye and the brain discusses the cell biology of glycosaminoglycans in regulating normal aqueous outflow and cerebrospinal fluid absorption. PMID- 3916538 TI - The neuro image quiz. Case 2: choroid plexus cyst. PMID- 3916539 TI - Genesis of the Percival Bailey-Cushing classification of gliomas. PMID- 3916540 TI - The use of ultrasound in computerized radiation treatment of the mammary region. PMID- 3916541 TI - Radiotherapy teaching by simulation: the computerized treatment plan. PMID- 3916542 TI - Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis: echographic and CT patterns. PMID- 3916543 TI - Ultrasound diagnosis in hepatorenal polycystic disease in children. PMID- 3916544 TI - Relationships between angiographic and ultrasonographic findings in the study of aortic arch derivatives: 4 case reports of an unusual anomaly. PMID- 3916545 TI - Ultrasound in abdominal masses in children. PMID- 3916546 TI - Intradiaphragmatic cyst: diagnostic value of sonography. PMID- 3916547 TI - Mullerian duct cyst. Clinical evaluation and role of ultrasonography and computed tomography in diagnosis. PMID- 3916548 TI - The management of risk: application to the welding industry. AB - The management of health risk in the welding industry is considered based on a discussion of the major sources of harm to welders arising from their employment (e.g., accidents and inhalation of fumes and gases). It is shown that present methods neither enable the assessment of the societal and human costs involved, nor permit the specific association of delayed health effects to occupational fume exposures. Reported accidents usually occur early in the working experience and contribute to a large number of working days lost, while fume exposures may contribute to a reduction in life quality which is poorly defined. It is concluded that risk management can only be attempted after much more information is made available concerning the origin, nature, and duration of health effects, especially as related to individual welding technologies and applications. PMID- 3916550 TI - Risk assessment of laboratory rats and mice chronically exposed to formaldehyde vapors. AB - Experimental data from the Chemical Industry Institute of Toxicology (CIIT) are used to estimate the risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal cavity in Fischer 344 (F344) rats over a range of ambient air concentrations of formaldehyde that includes current exposure guidelines for the workplace and home. These values are presented as a best estimate envelope obtained from five mathematical dose-response formulation. The response of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats dosed at 15 ppm in a separate study at New York University is consistent with the predicted lifetime response for F344 rats at a slightly lower concentration (13 14 ppm). A dose-related mortality effect beyond what is attributable to the occurrence of nasal carcinomas is found in F344 rats at all CIIT exposure levels (2, 6, and 15 ppm). There is no evidence of a mortality effect in B6C3F1 mice of the CIIT study, and data for SD rats of the NYU experiment are inconclusive. In the CIIT study, rats exposed to 15 ppm exhibited a high incidence of nasal cavity squamous cell carcinomas and polypoid adenomas. Polypoid adenomas were also observed with increased incidences at 2 ppm and 6 ppm. Statistical comparisons with matched controls, and the low historical rate of spontaneous occurrence both suggest that polypoid adenomas may be a risk to F344 rats at exposure levels below the current Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) standard of 3 ppm. Squamous cell carcinomas were observed in two mice exposed to 15 ppm. This finding may be biologically significant since this tumor is rare and has not been previously reported in 4932 untreated B6C3F1 mice from recent National Toxicology Program (NTP) feeding studies. PMID- 3916549 TI - Ambiguous carcinogens and their regulation. AB - Examination of five animal and one human studies suggest that certain agents increase the incidence of some cancers but simultaneously reduce the incidence of other cancers. Yellow die #3, for example, sharply increases the incidence of liver tumors but practically eliminates naturally occurring leukemia/lymphoma in F-344 male rates. Such ambiguity in the action of presumed carcinogens suggests that caution must be used by regulatory bodies in proscribing suspected carcinogens, or even in recommending changes in lifestyle or dietary habits as a means of reducing incidence of cancer. PMID- 3916551 TI - The extranodal lymphoid infiltrate: a diagnostic dilemma. AB - Lymphoid infiltrates that originate outside of the major lymphoid tissue-bearing sites have often represented a difficult diagnostic problem, and the histopathologic criteria employed to distinguish between benign and malignant extranodal lymphoid infiltrates have not always resulted in accurate prognostication. In part, this has been due to the failure to recognize the existence of primary, extranodal, well-differentiated, small lymphocytic (WDL) lymphoma unassociated with systemic lymphoma or chronic lymphocytic leukemia, the presence of pseudofollicular proliferation centers within WDL lymphoma, and the existence of intermediate differentiated and mantle zone lymphomas that contain residual, atrophic, benign-appearing germinal centers. More recently, the determination of the mono- or polyclonality of extranodal lymphoid infiltrates has given us a new perspective on these lesions. Revisions of the histopathologic criteria and advances in immunology have increased our comprehension of the lymphoid proliferations that originate in the ocular adnexa, skin, lung, and gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 3916552 TI - Histologic criteria for distinguishing between benign and malignant extranodal lymphoid infiltrates. AB - The diagnosis of extranodal malignant lymphomas, as well as their distinction from extranodal lymphoid hyperplasias, depends on the evaluation of specific histopathologic criteria that were described originally for lymph nodes. The major criteria traditionally include architectural effacement, cellular monomorphism, and cytologic atypia. Although these criteria may be applied directly to extranodal lymphoid lesions, there are limitations that may lead to morphologic ambiguity. Part of the problem may be technical, but difficulties also ensue because benign reactive lymphoid hyperplasias may coexist with extranodal lymphomas, and because extranodal lymphomas may be focal, exhibit cellular polymorphism, and be cytologically mature. Awareness of the histologic exceptions, combined with prudent application of the conventional criteria, should improve the accuracy of diagnosis of extranodal lymphocytic infiltrates. PMID- 3916554 TI - Pulmonary lymphoid neoplasms. AB - The majority of pulmonary lymphomas have a distribution that follows lymphatic routes and a monomorphous (in the case of lymphocytic and large-cell lymphomas) cell population. Mixed-cell lymphomas show a similar distribution and a cytologic composition identical to mixed-cell lesions in lymph nodes. The term homogeneous may be preferable to monomorphous for lymphoplasmacytic lymphomas (such as Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia) and mixed cell lymphomas, as their composition is similar from field to field in contrast to inflammatory lesions, which show geographic cellular heterogeneity and variable scarring. PMID- 3916555 TI - Gastrointestinal lymphoid neoplasms. AB - Primary gastrointestinal lymphomas (PGLs) are the most frequent extranodal non Hodgkin's lymphomas and involve stomach more commonly than small bowel in Western countries. PGLs need to be differentiated from a variety of tumor-like hyperplastic lymphoid lesions; this may be facilitated by immunotyping of lymphoid cells. In PGLs, large-cell types predominate. Our study of 76 PGLs utilizing the ABC immunoperoxidase technique has led us to conclude that the majority are of B cell origin and that, while true histiocytic PGLs do indeed exist, their incidence is not greater than in nodal lymphomas. An important observation was that 26% of the cases showed an intense admixture of muramidase positive reactive histiocytes, a feature that could result in an erroneous impression of a histiocytic derivation of the neoplasm. The prognostic significance of immunologic subtypes is currently not known. However, survival in PGL is determined by the clinical stage of the disease and to a lesser extent by the histologic type. Current optimal therapy includes resection of tumor-bearing bowel followed by radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy. PMID- 3916553 TI - Malignant lymphomas of the skin: their differentiation from lymphoid and nonlymphoid cutaneous infiltrates that simulate lymphoma. AB - Malignant lymphomas of the skin, excluding mycosis fungoides, are pathologically, immunologically, and clinically heterogeneous. Varying patterns and degrees of cutaneous infiltration are encountered in all histologic subtypes of non Hodgkin's lymphomas. Immunologic studies have shown relatively equal numbers of cases with B and T cell phenotypes, but true histiocytic lymphomas of the skin also occur. Patients may be of any age, and they may have lymphoma in any clinical stage. A low clinical stage and a low-grade histologic subtype are significant factors for long survival. The differential diagnosis includes a variety of lymphoid infiltrates that are referred to as a group as cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia; it also includes lymphomatoid papulosis as well as nonlymphoid cutaneous infiltrates such as myeloid leukemias, histiocytosis X, malignant histiocytosis, regressing atypical histiocytosis, and neuroendocrine (Merkel) cell carcinoma. Distinction of cutaneous lymphomas from these entities requires comprehension of multiple variables, including immunologic as well as morphologic and clinical factors. PMID- 3916556 TI - Squamous cell carcinoma of the lung: an update. AB - Squamous cell carcinoma of the lung has been well studied and can be characterized as having a precancerous, preclinical, and clinical phase. In the precancerous phase, it is now known that the development of carcinoma may parallel that of squamous metaplasia, but is fundamentally different and only related by virtue of similar cytoplasmic differentiation. Precancer progresses through dysplastic phases to carcinoma in situ and these changes can be documented by aneuploidy in the abnormal cells. Some of all these degrees of dysplasia, including carcinoma in situ, have been shown to be reversible. In the preclinical (occult) phase, 146 cases have been reported. They range in stage from superficial carcinoma in situ to invasive and metastatic unresectable carcinoma because of their close association with the hilar structures. Even though the best opportunity to cure squamous cell carcinoma is during the preclinical phase and despite the advanced stage it may reach during this phase, squamous cell carcinoma is the most curable of the bronchogenic carcinomas during its clinical phase. It appears that local spread of this tumor (T2) is of greater significance than hilar node metastases (N1) in the absence of local spread by the primary (T1). PMID- 3916558 TI - The role of flow cytometry in urologic disease. PMID- 3916557 TI - Computed tomography in the diagnosis and staging of renal cell carcinoma. PMID- 3916559 TI - Scrotal sonography. PMID- 3916560 TI - Monoclonal antibodies in urology: review of reactivities and applications in diagnosis, staging, and therapy. PMID- 3916561 TI - Radionuclide imaging of the genitourinary tract. PMID- 3916562 TI - Urologic aspects of digital subtraction angiography. PMID- 3916563 TI - The practical evaluation and selective medical management of nephrolithiasis. PMID- 3916564 TI - Medical treatment of male infertility. AB - None of the previously described treatments for idiopathic infertility have been shown to be effective (Table). Controlled clinical trials may indicate that certain treatments are effective in carefully selected subsets of infertile men. The key to rational therapy will be basic research leading to the elucidation of the pathophysiology of what is presently "idiopathic infertility." Our policy is to present the facts honestly and invite our patients to participate in controlled clinical trials with therapies of uncertain value. PMID- 3916565 TI - Evaluation and treatment of unconventional genitourinary tract infections. AB - It is fashionable to treat infections ascribed to unusual organisms, particularly in patients who don't improve following conventional antibacterial drug therapy. Unfortunately, all patients who meet this commonly used clinical definition are not infected with unusual organisms. Therefore, every effort should be made to actually identify a pathogen prior to initiating therapy. Specialized culture media or methods for direct identification of organisms in clinical specimens are necessary for accurate diagnosis. Fortunately, increased understanding of the microbiology of these organisms and improvement in diagnostic techniques should greatly improve the accuracy of clinical diagnosis. Precise diagnosis is important as a guide to specific therapy. In addition, many "unusual" infections are caused by organisms that are transmitted by sexual contact. The concept of sexually transmitted diseases is primarily clinical and not microbiologic in nature. The concept of sexually transmitted diseases represents a common mode of transmission for a wide variety of infectious diseases. The pathogens span the full spectrum of medical microbiology. From the biologic standpoint these organisms have few common characteristics aside from the ability to colonize and, on occasion, invade particular anatomic sites. Many sexually transmitted pathogens are fastidious organisms with exacting growth requirements. Such pathogens are susceptible to death in conditions outside of their usual habitat. Thus, diagnosis of many sexually transmitted pathogens requires both a high index of clinical suspicion and careful processing of clinical specimens. The concept of sexually transmitted diseases has important epidemiologic implications. Patients with one sexually transmitted disease are frequently infected with other sexually transmitted pathogens. Therefore, it is important to evaluate patients for multiple organisms transmitted by a similar mechanism.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3916566 TI - Modification of drug doses in renal failure. PMID- 3916567 TI - Management of postoperative pain. PMID- 3916568 TI - Nonsurgical management of neuropathic voiding dysfunction. PMID- 3916569 TI - Chemotherapy of urologic malignancies. PMID- 3916570 TI - Urinary tract infection and vesicoureteral reflux in children: a review and management plan. PMID- 3916571 TI - Patent medicines in nineteenth-century America. PMID- 3916573 TI - The doctor's tools: from saddlebag to hospital. PMID- 3916572 TI - The human figure in modern painting. PMID- 3916574 TI - Medicine through the lens of the museum. PMID- 3916575 TI - The Bernard Becker, M.D. Collection in Ophthalmology. PMID- 3916576 TI - Women in health care delivery: the histories of women, medicine and photography. PMID- 3916577 TI - Glimpses of the body's interior. PMID- 3916578 TI - [Treatment technics and current therapeutic indications]. PMID- 3916579 TI - Histamine and the gut. AB - The role of histamine in the gut is reviewed in relation to gastric secretion of acid, pepsin and intrinsic factors. Species-dependence of some of these actions are also discussed. Interactions with other agonists and antagonists in intact and isolated systems provide the basis for models of the role of histamine in control of gastric secretion. This review deals further with histamine H1 and H2 effects on gastrointestinal circulation and musculature including sphincters. The most dramatic application of the development of histamine H2 antagonists has been in the treatment of duodenal ulcer. The use of H2 antagonists in the treatment of duodenal and gastric ulcer, gastrinoma, gastritis, and esophagitis is critically evaluated. PMID- 3916580 TI - The 1984 Nobel laureates in medicine (immunology): J. F. Kohler, C. Milstein, N. K. Jerne. PMID- 3916581 TI - Publications of Francis M. Rackemann, M.D. and Lewis Webb Hill, M.D. PMID- 3916583 TI - Arthur F. Coca, M.D. (founder of the Journal of Immunology). PMID- 3916582 TI - Immunotherapy--state of the art. AB - Immunotherapy for hay fever due to ragweed, grass, birch, and mountain cedar pollens and for asthma due to ragweed, grass, house dust mite, and cat dander allergens relieves symptoms in controlled studies. Clinical improvement is specific for the allergen employed, depends on the dose administered, and may relapse six months to a year after injections are stopped. Immunological changes include a rise in IgG antibodies, an early rise and later decline in IgE antibodies, sometimes a rise in secretional antibodies, reduced basophil reactivity and sensitivity, and reduced lymphocyte responsiveness to allergens. PMID- 3916584 TI - The Allergy Round Table Discussion Group: Arthur F. Coca, M.D. PMID- 3916585 TI - Firsts in allergy: IV. The contributions of Arthur F. Coca, M.D. (1875-1959). PMID- 3916586 TI - Reflections and reminiscences. Arthur F. Coca, M.D. PMID- 3916587 TI - Bibliography of Arthur F. Coca. PMID- 3916588 TI - Arthur F. Coca, distinguished mentor, colleague and friend. PMID- 3916589 TI - I remember Arthur F. Coca. PMID- 3916590 TI - Eosinophils and cellular injury: the Gordon phenomenon as a model. AB - Three eosinophil proteins, eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), eosinophil protein X (EPX), and eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN), have neurotoxic properties. EDN and EPX may be identical. ECP is by far the most potent neurotoxic eosinophil derived protein. The damaging effect of the three proteins have been claimed to be selective. This selectivity can, at least in part, be explained by way of the experimental injections. Several observations are in favour of a selectivity through accumulation. Immunocytochemical localization of intraventricular injected ECP supports this hypothesis and indicates furthermore that ECP has an immediate reactivity towards and possible toxic effect against nervous tissue in general. PMID- 3916591 TI - The in vitro culture studies of eosinophils. AB - Techniques for the in vitro culture of eosinophils from marrow and peripheral blood have been available since the early 1970's. Concepts of hematopoiesis and techniques for in vitro culture are reviewed. Insights into eosinophilpoiesis from the relatively few studies reported are discussed. Areas for future study are outlined. PMID- 3916592 TI - Why? Polymerized ragweed is safe and effective. PMID- 3916593 TI - Salivary lipids in health and disease. PMID- 3916595 TI - Utility of urinary cytology in renal diseases. PMID- 3916594 TI - Autoradiographic studies with fatty acids and some other lipids: a review. AB - In this review, we have mainly included studies in which whole-body autoradiography was used. In lipid research, most studies have been done with fatty acids. These studies showed some common characteristics in the pattern of tissue distribution. A major uptake was seen in the brown fat, liver and adrenal cortex but also to some extent in other tissues with a high metabolic activity or high cell turn-over, e.g. the gastric and intestinal mucosa, diaphragm, kidney cortex and bone marrow. Low levels of radioactivity were generally found in the brain, testes, thymus, white fat, skeletal muscles, lungs and spleen. Most fatty acids showed some specific features, e.g the strong uptake of erucic, arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acid in myocardium and of eicosapentaenoic acid in the adrenal cortex. Studies with PGE1 and LTC3 showed that the liver and kidney and to a lesser degree the lungs were the major sites of metabolism. The distribution of free cholesterol and triolein emulsion labelled in the fatty acid moieties did show some similarities with respect to the general pattern found with most fatty acids. Specific for cholesterol was a very strong uptake in the adrenal cortex. There was also a significant uptake in the spleen whereas the uptake in the brown fat was not as marked as for most fatty acids. Specific for triolein was a marked uptake in the spleen and myocardium, in fed animals also in the white adipose tissue. These studies show that whole-body autoradiography can give much valuable information of the uptake and distribution of lipids that would be rather difficult to obtain with conventional methods. Combined with electron-microscopy, autoradiography can be used to study cellular and even subcellular distribution, and thus given further data on the metabolism of lipids in the body. PMID- 3916596 TI - Physiologic aspects of diagnostic renal imaging. PMID- 3916597 TI - Morphologic findings in the renal allograft biopsy. PMID- 3916598 TI - Origins of education for nurses. PMID- 3916599 TI - A comparative study of nursing in China and the United States. PMID- 3916600 TI - Sophocles' Antigone as a source for understanding reverence for the dead. PMID- 3916601 TI - [Nuclear medicine in osteoarticular pathology]. AB - The author writes about some facts related to the use of 99m-Tc-phosphate in skeletal scanning, specially to recognize cancer metastases, and vascular and inflammatory osseous diseases, and indicates some conditions to carry out the study. PMID- 3916602 TI - [Action of radiation on the lung. Classic concepts and current interpretations]. AB - The effects of irradiation on the pulmonary system are analyzed according to the classical radiobiological theories and the new ones. Special emphasis is put on the lineal-quadratic model which predicts the possibility of a greater tumor control without increasing the damage to the normal lung tissue, based on the differences between the survival curves for acute and late effects of irradiation. The clinical applications of the new radiobiological concepts can be carried out in the treatment of lung cancer and other neoplasms, especially those using total body irradiation. PMID- 3916603 TI - Incest and sexual abuse. PMID- 3916604 TI - Adolescent prostitution. PMID- 3916605 TI - The phenomenon of teenage marriage. PMID- 3916606 TI - Adolescent pregnancy: critical review for the clinician. AB - Adolescent pregnancy is a major health and socioeconomic problem with unique medical and psychosocial consequences for the patient and society. Consequently, it demands our attention and understanding of the problem and its causative factors. Survey data have documented that a majority of adolescents are sexually active, and that currently, almost 1 in 10 adolescents become pregnant each year. Over the last 2 decades, comprehensive adolescent pregnancy programs have shown that the high frequency of adverse obstetric and neonatal outcomes are closely associated with low socioeconomic status, poor prenatal nutrition and general health, and chemical use, but not maternal age. These adverse medical consequences and the psychosocial problem of the parents and infant are treatable with programs that adapt to the patient population and provide extensive support, education, and counseling in addition to continuity obstetric care initiated early in the pregnancy. One of the greatest needs of the adolescent is a competent and caring adult to serve as an advocate to guarantee access to medical and support services. To this end, responsible and qualified professionals who can relate to adolescents should resume this role in the coordination of a comprehensive care approach. This approach will not only reduce the medical risks associated with adolescent pregnancy, but it will decrease the number of repeat teenage pregnancies, promote school retention, increase compliance with health care regimens for the parent and child, and stimulate personal growth and development. All communities should develop programs to promote optimal medical care, psychosocial support, necessary financial support, and accessible education, since adolescent pregnancy occurs in all social, racial, ethnic, and economic groups in all parts of our country. Finally, the role of the adolescent father should be continually emphasized as a potential source of support to the adolescent mother and their infant and a stabilizer in the teenage family unit. In accord with such emphasis, recognition should be afforded to the psychologic and interpersonal needs of the adolescent father. PMID- 3916607 TI - Abortion in adolescence. AB - This article reviews the difficult but complex subject of abortion in adolescents. Methods of abortion are outlined and additional aspects are presented: psychological effects, counseling issues, and legal parameters. It is our conclusion that intense efforts should be aimed at education of youth about sexuality and prevention of pregnancy, utilizing appropriate contraceptive services. When confronted with a youth having an unwanted pregnancy, all legal options need to be carefully explored: delivery, adoption, or abortion. The decision belongs to the youth and important individuals in her environment. Understanding developmental aspects of adolescence will help the clinician deal with the pregnant teenagers. If abortion is selected, a first trimester procedure is best. Finally, physicians are urged to be aware of the specific, ever changing legal dynamics concerning this subject which are present in their states. Abortion is a phenomenon which has become an emotional but undeniably important aspect of adolescent sexuality and adolescent health care, in this country and around the world. PMID- 3916608 TI - Evoked potentials in uremia: basal and follow-up data. AB - Various EPs have been employed to disclose even early-stage central and peripheral nervous system damage in uremia. This approach also gives the possibility to follow up alterations of many sensory functions during the sequential stages of uremia. Fifty-three subjects (35 male and 18 female, mean age 42.20 +/- 5.50 yrs, conventionally low nitrogen diet treated, on dialysis or transplanted) were followed-up by recording the EPs every year for seven years. The P100 wave latency and amplitude of VEPs were recorded and found abnormal in about 70% of the examined visual systems. The auditory EPs were abnormal in 53% of the cases for the peak latencies, interpeak times and peak ratios. The somatosensory EPs showed in 75% of the cases an altered latency and morphology of the waves registered in the lumbar, cervical and cranial loci. There is evidence suggesting that evoked cerebral biorhythms may provide sensitive and objective indexes of cerebral function in uremia. The persistence of abnormalities disclosed by EPs follow-up confirm the reliability of this technique in evaluating neuro-pathologic uremic situations and in supplying optimal uremia therapies. PMID- 3916609 TI - Alternative therapy for the infections of the peritoneal catheter tunnel during C.A.P.D. PMID- 3916610 TI - The artificial heart, state-of-the art. PMID- 3916611 TI - Preischemic conditions affecting myocardial ischemic tolerance. A nuclear magnetic resonance study (31P NMR). PMID- 3916612 TI - Plasmapheresis related to organ transplantation. PMID- 3916613 TI - Elimination of IgG subclasses of anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies in myasthenic plasma by immunoadsorption to protein A. PMID- 3916614 TI - Reconstruction in vitro of a human living skin equivalent. PMID- 3916615 TI - Combined haemoabsorption-haemodialysis (HA-HD) treatment in chronic uraemia. PMID- 3916616 TI - Critical evaluation of concepts of insulin therapy. PMID- 3916617 TI - Ultrastructural observations on myelinated fibres in the tibial nerve of streptozotocin-diabetic rats: effect of insulin treatment. AB - Four groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats aged 11 weeks and weighing approximately 450 g were studied over 16 weeks: onset and end controls, untreated diabetics and diabetics treated with a daily subcutaneous injection of Ultralente insulin. Good metabolic control was achieved in the insulin-treated group as judged by daily blood glucose estimations, glycosylated haemoglobin levels (HbA1c) and body weight. Cross-sectional myelinated fibre area significantly increased between onset and end controls; growth thus occurred. In the untreated diabetic rats the values were significantly less when compared with age matched controls and not different to onset controls. The values for the insulin-treated diabetic group did not show a significant increase when compared with untreated diabetics and onset controls and were intermediate between end controls and untreated diabetics without any significant difference when compared with either group. Cross sectional axonal area was significantly less in the untreated diabetic group as compared with age matched controls and this was corrected by insulin therapy, as there was no difference between end controls and insulin-treated diabetic group. Insulin treatment corrects the reduction in axon size but total myelinated fibre size is not normalised. It seems that in addition to the axon, the myelin sheath and Schwann cells are also affected and these may be less influenced by insulin therapy. PMID- 3916618 TI - Multicomponent system for normoglycemic insulin substitution in type 1 diabetic outpatients. PMID- 3916619 TI - Progress in the testing of surfactant stabilized neutral insulin (Hoe 21 PH) in various dispensing systems. PMID- 3916621 TI - Computer assisted conventional insulin therapy. AB - Considerable interest has recently been focused on the computer as a new method to improve outpatient treatment of insulin dependent diabetics. Different ways of programming procedures have been proposed to simulate an experienced physician's capability to adjust insulin dosage in a mathematical form. We report here the results of a controlled study with a program for conventional insulin therapy in in- and outpatient treatment. Eleven inpatient type-I-diabetics could be well controlled after 8 days, and 6 outpatient treated type-I-diabetics improved all relevant metabolic parameters after 30 days compared to a control period of the same duration. So, computer assisted therapy promises to be a worthful aid in the treatment of diabetes. PMID- 3916620 TI - Controlled study on the use of hand-held insulin dosage computers enabling conversion to and optimizing of meal-related insulin therapy regimens. AB - We developed a program for a pocket computer (Sharp PC-1500) enabling conversion to and optimizing of meal-related insulin injection regimens. The dosage of regular insulin injected at meal times by a penshaped device (Novo Pen) was calculated in dependence of the carbohydrate content of the ingested meal, daytime, difference of actual and target blood glucose, 4 daily glucose levels of the last 2 or 4 days and physical activity. Long-acting insulin was proposed in dependence of morning blood levels of the preceding days. The response to elevated levels was additionally determined by night values. All quantifications were based on equivalent factors reflecting relations between insulin need and blood glucose changes and carbohydrate intake, respectively. This permits a so called "quantified adaptation", where all these factors are individually defined and steadily actualized by the computer according to the data processed during adaptation. In a controlled cross-over study 12 type 1 diabetics were treated with conventional therapy (CT = 2-3 injections daily) and computer-assisted meal related insulin therapy (CAMIT = 3-4 injections daily), each for a 6 weeks period. Although the number of meals was reduced from 6-7 to 3-5 and carbohydrate intake was allowed to vary from day to day, parameters of metabolic control were significantly improved by CAMIT compared to CT: mean blood glucose decreased from 9.10 +/- 2.96 to 6.22 +/- 0.65 mmol/l with CAMIT and only from 8.86 +/- 1.83 to 6.91 +/- 0.90 mmol/l with CT (p less than 0.05) and HbA1 from 10.2 +/- 1.5 to 8.6 +/- 0.8% with CAMIT and only from 9.8 +/- 1.3 to 9.1 +/- 1.0% with CT.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3916622 TI - Control of a pregnant diabetic with daily insulin changes by insulin dosage computer (IDC). PMID- 3916623 TI - Diabetes self-adjustment by a computerized program--first experiences in inpatient and outpatient treatment. AB - Blood glucose self-monitoring is essential to stabilize diabetes on a normoglycemic level. However, patients often do not find the correct insulin adaptation. Therefore, we developed a computer system to adapt insulin doses using a control matrix. During a first inpatient and outpatient period, we attained a very satisfactory blood glucose normalization and stabilization. During the outpatient period the HbA1c values decreased. Stopping the program in some patients blood glucose levels and HbA1c values increased again. PMID- 3916624 TI - Long-term application of wearable artificial endocrine pancreas--closed-loop intravenous vs subcutaneous insulin infusion. AB - For closed-loop glycemic control on IDDM, closed-loop sc insulin infusion algorithm has developed by analysing the pharmacokinetics of sc insulin absorption. With the algorithm, daily glycemic excursion in IDDMs was controlled to near-normal levels. These data suggested that the closed-loop sc insulin infusion algorithm might be feasible to regulate glycemia in diabetic patients for a long-term period by wearable artificial endocrine pancreas. PMID- 3916625 TI - A new desk-top artificial pancreas (Betalike) utilizing extracorporeal hemofiltration: realization and clinical trials. AB - We present in this work a new artificial endocrine pancreas (BETALIKE), smaller than the available ones, transportable and fully automated. In the clinical trials performed this device showed good blood glucose controls and glycemic measurements were highly correlated with other automatic analyzer assays. No side effect was reported. PMID- 3916626 TI - Current status of transplantation of the pancreas. PMID- 3916627 TI - Long-term functional evaluation of simultaneous kidney and pancreas transplantation in the rat. AB - There is still no reliable early indicator of pancreatic rejection. This constitutes the main reason why many groups favor simultaneous kidney and pancreas transplantation on the assumption that pancreatic rejection may be treated in time by monitoring the renal allograft course. To provide an experimental model to investigate this problem, we have developed a technique of simultaneous kidney and pancreas transplantation in the rat. In isografts functional evaluation of the grafted organs was performed by testing blood glucose, serum insulin, blood urea and intravenous GTT. Our results demonstrated that functional and histological evaluations of kidney and pancreas simultaneously grafted in rats were well maintained up to 9 months and were similar to those revealed in kidney or pancreas isografted alone. The experimental model of simultaneous kidney and pancreas transplantation here described appears useful to study pancreatic rejection in allograft combinations as well as for testing immunosuppressive treatments. PMID- 3916629 TI - Does normal glucose tolerance after transplantation of the duct obliterated pancreas reflect normal beta cell function? PMID- 3916628 TI - Xenograft transplantation of encapsulated canine pancreas into chemically induced diabetic rats. PMID- 3916630 TI - Combined renal and pancreatic transplantation: effects on advanced diabetic neuropathy and retinopathy. AB - In this study of 24 uremic diabetic patients treated with combined kidney and pancreas transplantation, the one year patient, kidney and pancreas graft survival was 96, 78 and 55%, respectively. In recipients followed for three months or more, a regression of neuropathy was registered in all patients, whereas improvement in visual acuity was seen only in two patients with simplex type retinopathy. The advanced proliferative retinopathy observed in most recipients at the time of transplantation, was not significantly altered after pancreas and kidney transplantation. PMID- 3916631 TI - Reversal of osteopenia in streptozotocin diabetic rats by pancreatic transplantation. PMID- 3916632 TI - Effect of warm and cold ischemia on functional survival of canine pancreatic grafts. PMID- 3916633 TI - Beta-cell response and insulin sensitivity after segmental pancreatic autotransplantation with systemic venous drainage. AB - It is hypothesized that heterotopic segmental pancreatic autotransplantation with removal of the remaining segment compromises glucose tolerance in dogs in the long run. In 10 dogs the left lobe of the pancreas was heterotopically autotransplanted, in 5 dogs the left lobe remained in situ, after denervation. Duct drainage was provided by a pancreaticoileostomy. Six months after transplantation, decreased beta-cell response, combined with increased insulin sensitivity was observed in the heterotopically transplanted dogs. Five dogs in this group developed an insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. These results are explicable by the diversion of insulin from the liver and the late effects of continuous endocrine pancreatic stimulation on the beta-cell function. PMID- 3916634 TI - Evidence for suppression of beta cell function by cyclosporin A. PMID- 3916635 TI - Isolation and cryopreservation of human pancreatic islets. AB - The outlined methods were able to isolate relatively large number of intact pancreatic islets from human cadaver pancreata. Confirmation of the nature of the endocrine and exocrine tissue was provided by electron microscopy. The islets were able to tolerate a 14 day period of storage in liquid N2 when frozen and thawed by the protocol given. Viability of the islets both before and after the freeze-thaw sequence was established by secretion of insulin in response to stimulation with both theophylline and high glucose in a dynamic perifusion system. The ability of the islets to survive a 24 hr. period of tissue culture after the freeze/thaw sequence and again respond with insulin secretion in response to hyperglycemia or theophylline stimulation confirms their viability and metabolic activity. PMID- 3916636 TI - Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD): eight years after its introduction. PMID- 3916637 TI - Quinoline, quinazoline, and acridone alkaloids. PMID- 3916638 TI - Olefinic microbial metabolites, excluding macrocyclic compounds. PMID- 3916639 TI - Steroids: reactions and partial syntheses. PMID- 3916640 TI - [Importance of the cytotaxonomic identification of species of the Simulium damnosum complex in onchocercosis control]. PMID- 3916641 TI - Studies on the molecular biology of Plasmodium falciparum polypeptide antigens related to the immunoprotective response. PMID- 3916642 TI - Ploidy, 'heterozygosity' and antigenic expression of South American trypanosomes. PMID- 3916643 TI - Modulation of the epidermal growth factor receptor by mitogenic ligands: effects of bombesin and role of protein kinase C. AB - The binding of 125I-epidermal growth factor (EGF) to cellular receptors is rapidly and acutely modulated by a set of structurally unrelated tumour and growth promoting factors. These ligands interact with specific receptors which do not recognize EGF but, through an indirect mechanism, decrease the apparent affinity of the EGF receptor population. This novel mechanism of receptor regulation, named transmodulation, should be distinguished from the reduction in total receptor number caused by the homologous ligand (downregulation) and from the change in affinity produced by the binding of agonists or antagonists to the same receptor site. There is strong evidence that protein kinase C is directly involved in the mediation of EGF receptor transmodulation. Mammalian peptides structurally related to the amphibian tetradecapeptide, bombesin, are potent mitogens for Swiss 3T3 cells, and their mitogenic effects are mediated by specific, high-affinity receptors which do not recognize other mitogens for these cells. We have used this family of novel mitogenic peptides to test rigorously the fundamental features of EGF receptor transmodulation. The results presented here demonstrate that peptides of the bombesin family cause a rapid, highly temperature-dependent decrease in the affinity of 125I-EGF for its receptor in Swiss 3T3 cells. This effect is elicited through specific receptors for these peptides. Our findings further indicate that the decrease in 125I-EGF binding caused by bombesin-related peptides is mediated by protein kinase C. The role of protein kinase C as a point of convergence in the action of all transmodulating agents is discussed. PMID- 3916644 TI - The colony-stimulating factors and myeloid leukaemia. AB - The production of granulocytes and macrophages is under the control of at least four well defined haemopoietic growth factors or colony-stimulating factors (CSF's) which differ in their actions within the hierarchical organization of haemopoietic progenitor cells and in the different cell lineages they affect. Multi-CSF has an extremely broad haemopoietic specificity, GM-CSF stimulates all granulocyte and macrophage progenitor cells and G-CSF and M-CSF have actions essentially restricted to the granulocyte or macrophage cell lineages, respectively. They are each, however, required for cell survival, proliferation, differentiation and mature cell activation within the cell lineages they act on. They each exert their actions through specific high-affinity cell surface receptors which show no direct cross reactivity with each other and which are structurally distinct. However, at physiological temperatures the CSF's show a specific pattern of receptor co-down-modulation which might reflect their cell lineage specificities. A major defect in myeloid leukaemias is a block to differentiation so that cell divisions result in self-renewal of the leukaemic stem cells rather than terminal differentiation to non-dividing cells. In murine models such a defect does not result in malignancy until it is accompanied by autonomy from external CSF growth control but in human myeloid leukaemias there is no evidence for autonomy from CSF growth control and CSF's may play a permissive role in the emergence of myeloid leukaemias. The possibility of using CSF's to override the differentiation block in leukaemias and cause suppression of leukaemic growth by differentiation induction has been examined for the action of G-CSF on murine leukaemic WEHI-3B D+ cells. G-CSF induces differentiation in these cells, strongly suppresses cell divisions leading to self-renewal and increases the survival time of mice injected with treated cells. The possible importance of this factor in cell differentiation is indicated by the loss of G CSF receptors in a differentiation-defective mutant of WEHI-3B, the conservation of G-CSF and its receptor from mouse to man and the observation that all primary human myeloid leukaemias exhibit specific receptors for this factor. PMID- 3916645 TI - Treatment of brain tumors in babies and very young children. AB - Approximately 13% of brain tumors in childhood occur in children less than 2 years of age. Although the survivals of older children with certain forms of brain tumors have increased over the past 20 years, this treatment has been least effective in very young children with brain tumors. These poor survival rates may be due in part to the highly malignant nature of the neoplasms; the delay in diagnosis because of low index of suspicion; the large bulk of tumor found at presentation, and the reduction in radiation dosage to the central nervous system. Since standard treatment has produced both poor results and severe neurotoxicity, new approaches have been sought. A conservative approach is recommended in some children with optic gliomas and low-grade supratentorial astrocytomas. Radiation is deferred until the child reaches 3-4 years of age when he can better tolerate its effects on the CNS. Current therapy of malignant brain tumors of infancy is not only toxic, but inadequate. There are several centers which currently use postoperative chemotherapy and delayed radiation. Early results have been encouraging and neurotoxicity has been low. PMID- 3916646 TI - [Characterization of strains of Escherichia coli isolated from calves with neonatal diarrhea]. AB - Thirty fecal samples of diarrheic calves from a beef herd with previous history of neonatal diarrhea were cultured for isolation of Escherichia coli K99 (+) and for enterotoxigenic tests. The age distribution of sampled calves was: 1 animal less than 6 days old, 21 between 7-15 days old and 8 between 16-30 days old. Although most strains were classified as Isaacson et al (16) biotype four, they were negative for detection of K99 antigen by slide agglutination test. The assay for heat-stable (ST) and heat-labile (LT) enterotoxins by intragastric infant mouse inoculation and ELISA tests, respectively, were negative. More than 93% of the E. coli strains were sensitive to ampicillin, colistin, gentamycin and nitrofurantoin . PMID- 3916648 TI - Presidential address. Red between the gold. PMID- 3916647 TI - The fellows of The Medical Society of London (corrected to March 1987). PMID- 3916649 TI - Annual oration on peptic ulcer--in perspective. PMID- 3916650 TI - Lettsomian lecture. The diagnostic scope of magnetic resonance imaging in medicine. PMID- 3916651 TI - The identification of Josef Mengele. A triumph of international cooperation. AB - In recent weeks, world attention has been focused on the identification of skeletal remains suspected of being those of the most widely sought Nazi war criminal still at large--Josef Mengele. Several important turns in the investigation of his whereabouts led to a small city south of Sao Paulo, where he had been living until 1979. Mengele was reported to have drowned and to have been buried in a country cemetery near his last residence. The initial processing of the remains was done at the Medicolegal Institute of Sao Paulo by police officials in consultation with anthropologists and dentists as well as Dr. Wilmes Teixeira of Mogi das Cruzes, a suburb of Sao Paulo. Dr. Teixeira coordinated the team of authorized international forensic experts officially representing the governments of West Germany and the United States, as well as the Simon Wiesenthal Center of Los Angeles, who joined Brazilian scientists in completing identification. The success of the investigation was due to complete cooperation among members of the team, resulting in verification, within a reasonable scientific certainty, that these were the remains of Josef Mengele. PMID- 3916652 TI - Brain injury in boxing. AB - This lecture on activism via forensic medicine for the public good was given in honor of Milton Helpern. Boxing dates from antiquity but is now being re evaluated as a viable part of civilized society. Chronic brain damage caused by repetitive subconcussive blows to the head has been shown to be present in 70-87% of boxers who had had many fights. A broad international medical consensus supports the view that boxing is medically and morally wrong and should be banned in civilized countries. PMID- 3916653 TI - SEM study of dermal surface. A new approach to forensic traumatology. AB - We describe a method of enzymatic digestion of the dermo-epidermal junction, that allows an observation with a SEM of the finest details of the dermal surface covered by the reticular fibrils of the basement membrane. By means of this technique, we have made a panoramic review of the traumatology and have observed typical characteristics in all types of examined lesions. It seems that the method can constitute a new approach for medicolegal study, in all those cutaneous lesions that involve, even superficially, the dermis. PMID- 3916654 TI - Direct and inducible mutagenesis in mammalian cells. AB - The understanding of mutagenic mechanisms in mammalian cells is based on extrapolations of results obtained in prokaryotes and simple eukaryotes. The use of animal viruses as targets for mutagenesis suggests that these extrapolations may be valid: recent data indicate that mutagenesis of ultraviolet-damaged templates in mammalian cells seems to occur at similar sites to that observed in prokaryotes; furthermore, nuclear replicating animal viruses are subject to the phenomenon of ultraviolet-enhanced reactivation, called SOS reactivation in bacteria. In experiments analogous to Weigle mutagenesis of phage, several groups have shown that animal cells appear to respond to DNA damage by induction of mutagenic pathways which can act upon infecting viral genomes. Recent experiments with shuttle vectors that can replicate both in animal cells and in bacteria have confirmed these conclusions. These vectors now make possible the rapid recovery of mutant genes for direct sequence analysis. PMID- 3916655 TI - Nucleotide excision repair of DNA in eukaryotes: comparisons between human cells and yeast. AB - Little is known about the molecular mechanism of nucleotide excision repair in eukaryotes. Studies on human cells have been stimulated by the availability of excision repair-defective cell lines from patients suffering from the autosomal recessive disease xeroderma pigmentosum. Such studies have contributed appreciably to an understanding of the genetic complexity of excision repair in human cells. However, to date no human excision repair genes or gene products known to complement the repair defect in xeroderma pigmentosum cells have been isolated. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an interesting model for exploring the molecular mechanism of nucleotide excision repair in eukaryotic cells. As is true in human cells, multiple yeast genes are involved in this phenomenon and at least five genes are required for the specific incision of ultraviolet-irradiated DNA in vivo. These five genes have been isolated by molecular cloning and the nucleotide sequences of four of them have been determined. Each of these cloned genes will be used for overexpression of protein and it is anticipated that the purification and characterization of these proteins will provide insight into the biochemistry of nucleotide excision repair in eukaryotes. PMID- 3916656 TI - Mechanisms for changing gene expression and their possible relationship to carcinogenesis. AB - Several genetic or epigenetic events can alter gene expression and we assess their importance in multistage carcinogenesis. Mutation and chromosome rearrangement can produce changes in DNA sequence which have been identified in some cancer cells. Recombination and non-disjunction can lead to the expression of recessive alleles. Overexpression of genes by amplification has also been observed in certain tumours. Heteroploidy, resulting from karyotypic instability, is a common feature of tumorigenicity. Although the pattern of DNA methylation is heritable, there is considerable evidence that genes can be activated by loss of methylation or inactivated by de novo methylation. Hypomethylation is frequently observed in tumour cells. Mutation and chromosome translocation can produce rare specific changes which may be important as initiating events. In contrast, the extent of karyotypic instability and hypomethylation shows some correlation with the stage of tumour progression, and these changes may be important in generating the phenotypic diversity which allows the selection of variants during neoplasia and metastasis. The striking differences between the frequencies of cellular transformation in rodents and man may be more easily explained by differences in the epigenetic controls of gene activity, than by abnormalities in DNA sequence. PMID- 3916658 TI - [Cloning of genes in yeast]. PMID- 3916657 TI - DNA repair and resistance to chemotherapy. AB - DNA repair is an important mechanism of chemotherapy resistance in common human tumours. The normal tissues tolerate the drugs also, hence elucidation of normal pathways, rather than markedly resistant mutants, is more likely to be relevant. Specific repair mechanisms may deal with certain lesions (eg O6-methylguanine) but other more general mechanisms (excision repair, poly ADP ribose) can handle a wide range of lesions. The response of human cells to DNA damage is more complex than simply removing lesions. Interactions with growth factors, induction of receptors for growth factors, production of soluble mediators and secretion of plasminogen activator are parts of a cellular and tissue response. These processes may be more active in earlier, less differentiated cells which are more resistant to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The genetic instability of cancer cells may be related to inappropriately activated DNA repair pathways. PMID- 3916659 TI - [Recent aspects of yeast genetics]. PMID- 3916660 TI - Spermiogenesis and spermatozoa in mammals. AB - This is a summarizing review about some aspects of the morphogenesis and characteristics of mammalian spermatozoon. The morphology, biogenesis and function of the different spermatozoon structures are analysed, as well as different aspects, like immunology and endocrine control. Comparative morphology, fate and function of the male gamete during its passage through the epididymis and female tract are commented. The fact, that the phenomenon of spermiogenesis continues with the maturative changes in the epididymis, and that modifications occur in the female genital tract is put forward; this idea seems to be basic for understanding the role of many spermatozoon structures, as well as many biochemical and molecular changes that take place in the gamete. On the other hand, all these changes (spermiogenesis, maturation, capacitation and acrosomal reaction in the female tract), as well as the interaction sperm/egg are sequentially dependent, and are focussed on the sperming capacity of reaching and fertilizing the egg. Many gaps exist in regard to the functional role of different spermatozoon structures, and three important questions are emphasized with a view to solving these problems: a) The importance of the comparative analysis of spermatozoon and egg structures in different mammalian species. b) The necessity to develop ample studies using in vivo situations, particularly in reference to the changes occurred in the female tract. In this regard, the majority of studies have been developed in the in vitro situation, which is very different from the natural environment. c) The importance of using and compiling the different data (morphological, biochemical, molecular, etc.) about spermiogenesis, spermatozoon and fertilization. In the future, the use of new technologies appears as a promising idea to clarify doubts about spermatozoa biogenesis and function in mammals. PMID- 3916661 TI - Cells responsible for tumor surveillance in man: effects of radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and biologic response modifiers. AB - Currently, the most probable theory of tumor surveillance is neither the existence of any tumor-specific, antigen-dependent, T-cell-mediated cytotoxic effect that could eliminate spontaneous tumors in man and that could be used for some kind of vaccination against tumors, nor the complete absence of any surveillance or defense systems against tumors. What is probable is the cooperation of a number of antigen-independent, relatively weakly cytotoxic or possibly only cytostatic humoral and cellular effects, including nutritional immunity, tumor necrosis factor, certain cytokines, and the cytotoxic effects mediated by macrophages, NK cells, NK-like cells, and certain stimulated T-cells. One question remaining to be solved is why these antigen-independent effects do not attack normal cells. A number of plausible hypotheses are discussed. The hypothetical surveillance system is modulated both by traditional cancer treatment and by attempts at immunomodulation. Radiotherapy reduced the T-helper cell function for almost a decade, but not those of macrophages or NK cells. T cell changes have no prognostic implication, supporting, perhaps, the suggestion of a major role for macrophages and NK cells. Cyclic adjuvant chemotherapy reduces the peripheral lymphocyte population and several lymphocyte functions but not NK activity. Most of the parameters were normalized some years following treatment, but NK activity remained elevated and Th/Ts cell ratio was still decreased. This might possibly be taken to support the surveillance role of NK cells. Bestatin increases the frequency of lymphocytes forming rosettes with sheep red blood cells (but not their mitogenic responses), enhances NK activity, and augments the phagocytic capacity of granulocytes and monocytes (but not their cytotoxic activity). Improved survival with Bestatin treatment following chemotherapy has been observed in patients with melanoma Stages 1b and II and in patients with acute nonlymphatic leukemia, where BCG also seems active, although possibly only in patient groups with less than 49% complete remissions. PMID- 3916662 TI - Complement and cancer: activation of the alternative pathway as a theoretical base for immunotherapy. AB - Activation of the APC is pointed out as the common factor in all sufficiently studied cancer treatments employing nonspecific, active immunotherapy. This chapter outlines the molecular biology of both APC and classical pathway of complement, summarizes the alternative pathway's biologic activities especially in relation to the C3/C5 convertase C3b,Bb, and its implications in the mechanism of host defense against malignancies, particularly relating to the activated macrophage. The many involvements of the APC in the various agents used for nonspecific active immunotherapy are reviewed, and possible clinical implications outlined. It is concluded that activation of the APC can be proposed as the specific theoretical basis so far lacking for this treatment modality and that it is accordingly feasible to attempt to monitor clinical application of this principle by fine-tuning of APC activation in cases of human cancer. PMID- 3916663 TI - Role of carcinoembryonic antigen assay in the management of cancer. AB - CEA is a molecule produced by a large number of malignant and benign tissues. Measuring levels of CEA circulating in the blood by radioimmunoassay can be used in the management of cancer patients. Because of high false positive and false negative percentages in normal populations, it has not been useful in screening for malignancy. However, in several types of cancer patients the test has been shown to be of considerable clinical value. Elevated CEA levels indicate a poor prognosis in patients with primary colorectal cancer, primary pancreatic cancer, primary breast cancer, and primary lung cancer. Serial CEA titers obtained following cancer treatments can be used to monitor the therapy. CEA can assess the adequacy of surgical removal of a primary colon or rectal cancer, monitor responses to chemotherapy, and assess response to radiation therapy. The greatest clinical impact of CEA has been in the detection of recurrent colon or rectal cancer following surgical resection of the primary malignancy. Early detection of recurrence, when combined with reoperative second-look surgery, may result in 30% long-term survivors. PMID- 3916664 TI - Active specific immunotherapy as an adjunct to the treatment of metastatic solid tumors: present and future prospects. PMID- 3916666 TI - Immunologic methods of diagnostic and prognostic value in tumor bearers. PMID- 3916665 TI - Immunity and its role in conventional cancer therapy. PMID- 3916667 TI - Bacterial leaf spot of Zinnia elegans, a new disease in Argentina. AB - A bacterial disease of Zinnia elegans (Compositae), caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. zinniae is recorded for the first time in Argentina. The identification of the causal organism was based on disease symptoms, pathogenicity and morphological and physiological characteristics of the cultures isolated from material collected at La Plata, Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. PMID- 3916668 TI - [A new oxygen-labile hemolysin in Klebsiella pneumoniae]. AB - The hemolytic activity of sixty K. pneumoniae strains was investigated in tryptic soy agar with rabbit, dog, sheep, human, chicken and mouse blood. All of them were lytic only for rabbit red cells. In liquid medium it was necessary a 2 mercaptoethanol treatment to detect a good degree of hemolysis. Cultures in tryptic soy broth gave 100% hemolysis in assays with rabbit erythrocytes and only when hemolysin was concentrated by purification was it active on dog and sheep but in a lesser degree (7.5% hemolysis). Supernatants of cultures were precipitated at different saline concentrations; the fraction obtained with 30 50% (NH4)2SO4 had hemolytic activity after dialysis and 2 mercaptoethanol treatment. Then this fraction was eluted in a Sephadex G-100 column, but electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel showed that the hemolytic molecules obtained by gel filtration were contaminated with protein structures which had different electrophoretic migration. Ion-exchange chromatography showed best purification index and the recovery of activity was over 100%, it was possible to explain this good recovery once an inhibitor was detected. Two rabbit red cell lysins were purified, both shared several properties: SH-activation, pH optimum, thermolability, selectivity for rabbit red cells, mechanism of action, inhibition by cholesterol and divalent cations. PMID- 3916669 TI - [Trypanosoma cruzi: differences in the requirement for protein protectors presented by 2 Argentinian strains]. AB - The protein protector requirements for CA-I and RA T. cruzi trypomastigotes were standardized. The CA-I trypomastigotes needed a supplement of 5% serum or 5% bovine albumin in the washing and/or resuspending solutions to preserve their viability. For RA trypomastigotes, requirements were in the order of 1%. Trypomastigotes viability was determined by motility at the fresh microscopic observation and by mouse inoculation. This is a further demonstration of the particular behaviour reported for the CA-I bloodstream forms compared with those of RA. PMID- 3916670 TI - [Existence of 2 sites of oxidative phosphorylation in Trypanosoma cruzi]. AB - Phosphorylating mitochondrial preparations were obtained from T. cruzi culture (epimastigote) forms by grinding the cells with glass - beads and differential centrifugation. Using ADP as phosphate acceptor and succinate, L-malate or ascorbate + tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine (TMPD) as oxidizable substrates, the respiratory control (R.C.) values were (mean +/- S.D.; n = 4, in parenthesis, the substrate): 2.8 +/- 0.10 (succinate): 2.3 +/- 0.13 (L-malate) and 2.0 +/- 0.12 (ascorbate + TMPD). The ADP:O values were 1.68 +/- 0.08, 1.42 +/- 0.08 and 0.66 +/- 0.66 +/- 0.12, respectively. The uncoupler CCCP stimulated substrate oxidation somewhat more than ADP. Succinate oxidation was by malonate and also by oxaloacetate but the latter was effective only after sonicating the mitochondrial preparation. The mitochondrial membranes oxidized also NADH but this oxidation was not subjected to control by the phosphate acceptor. Our results support the existence of two energy-conserving sites in T. cruzi respiratory chain (sites 2 and 3) and confirm previous observations by Stoppani et al. (Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 2:3-21, 1980) with intact epimastigotes. PMID- 3916672 TI - [Trypanosoma cruzi: solubilization and partial characterization of antigenic components with Triton X-100]. AB - A new antigenic fraction to be used in the immunodiagnostic of Chagas' disease was obtained by treating Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes with Triton X-100. The method comprises the following steps: a) Epimastigotes grown in a modified LIT medium were harvested at the initial stage of the stationary phase (cell population near 200 x 10(6)/ml; pH 7) and were centrifuged during 15 min at 2500 rpm., at 4 degrees C. b) The pellet was washed and then resuspended in a medium free of proteins (470 m Osmolar), composed of NaC1, KC1, Na2HPO4 and glucose, (GSM). c) To preserve cell breakage, as well as cell motility and viability, the best relationship between cell population and Triton X-100 concentration was determined (300 x 10(6) cells/ml and 162 microM). Cells were kept at 4 degrees C during 1 h, and vigorously mixed every 10 min. d) Cell suspension was centrifuged during 60 min at 2.500 rpm at 4 degrees C. e) The soluble extract was passed through a 0.22 mu filter Millipore. 0,42 to 0,44 mg proteins/ml were always detected in the recovered supernatant. The sensibility of this proteic fraction (F1) to detect anti-T. cruzi antibodies was studied by the complement-fixation (C'FH50) and the indirect hemagglutination (IHA) tests. The antigen used by the Instituto de Medicina Tropical, from the Universidad Central de Venezuela, M(PM), was employed as reference. The F1 showed a four to eight greater sensibility using the C'FH50 reaction while with IHA test F1 capability to detect antibodies against T. cruzi was eight times greater than the reference antigen. The immunoelectrophoretic analysis of the isolated fraction showed at least five protein components. PMID- 3916671 TI - [Cytochromes in different stages, strains, and populations of Trypanosoma cruzi]. AB - Differential reduced minus oxidized (Red-Ox) or reduced. CO minus reduced (Red. CO-Red) spectra of Trypanosoma cruzi metacyclic trypomastigotes (Tulahuen strain), revealed the presence of cytochromes aa3, b, c5 5 8, o and possibly d (Fig. 1). Mitochondrial membranes from the epimastigote form of the parasite showed similar cytochrome spectra (Fig. 2A). Extraction of the mitochondrial membranes with guanidine and cholate, and spectroscopy of the cytochrome o cyanide derivative proved that this cytochrome is an integral constituent of the mitochondrial membranes (Figs. 2B and 4, and Table 1). Contamination of the investigated samples with hemoglobin, peroxidase, catalase, cytochrome P-420, cytochrome P-450 or culture medium hemoproteins was ruled out by filtering the cells and mitochondrial membranes on Sephadex G-50, or by differential spectroscopy of pigments, or by differential centrifugations of samples. Investigation of pyridine-hemochromes revealed hemes A, B, C and D (Fig. 3), thus confirming the presence of the postulated cytochromes. Comparative spectroscopy of a series of T. cruzi stocks (including Tulahuen and Y strains), many of them obtained from acute or chronic forms of Chagas disease, revealed significant variability in the cytochrome content (Table 2). Taking cytochromes o and b as standard for comparison, the epimastigotes samples could be grouped as follows (in parenthesis number of passages through the culture medium): 1) stocks with a relatively high content of cytochromes b and o, prevailing the former (stocks Y (116), RA (114), AF, FN, TN and MG (14 y 16); 2) stocks with a relatively low content of both cytochromes: Y (119), AWP and UP; 3) stocks with a low content of cytochrome b, without cytochrome o: CA-I and CA-I (V); 4) stocks without cytochromes: Y(117 and 118) and RA(113). In some strains (e.g. Y and RA), significant variation of cytochrome content in different stocks of the same isolate was observed (Table 2), but the Tulahuen strain proved to be less variable. Comparison of cytochrome distribution and other properties of parasites, namely, lethality for mice and morphology, did not allow to establish positive correlations. PMID- 3916673 TI - Medical problems associated with marijuana abuse. PMID- 3916674 TI - Diagnosing and managing drug-induced psychiatric emergencies. PMID- 3916675 TI - Commitment of non-criminal addicts: where does it stand? PMID- 3916676 TI - Chronic medical complications of drug abuse. AB - The wide array of chronic medical and dental complications of drug abuse make a thorough working knowledge mandatory for the physician treating patients with addictive illness. The patients must be examined with these disorders in mind and when any drug related illness is found, it must be treated immediately. Detection and treatment of the chronic medical disorders of drug abuse is one critical part of the complex procedures necessary for the comprehensive evaluation of the chronically drug-abusing patient. The other procedures must include: control of the patient's environment; detection and treatment of acute medical complaints; laboratory testing; stabilization of medications; detoxification; and complete psychiatric evaluation before final treatment decisions are made and the patient is triaged to the most appropriate treatment unit. PMID- 3916677 TI - Interpretation of drug abuse testing: strengths and limitations of current methodology. PMID- 3916678 TI - Drug abuse: implications and trends. PMID- 3916679 TI - Diagnosis and treatment of adolescent substance abuse. AB - This paper has demonstrated the persistence of drug abuse as a problem among adolescents and describes cocaine abuse particularly, profiling the typical cocaine abuser. The stagewise progression of drug use has been described. Factors that make youngsters vulnerable to progression to further stages of drug abuse have been suggested. In treatment strategies, the appeal to fear and moral and religious arguments has for the most part necessarily been replaced by an appeal to reason and an educational approach. The coexistence of drug abuse and psychopathology occurs with sufficient frequency to require full medical and psychiatric evaluation in every adolescent who presents with a history of substance misuse. Inpatient and residential treatment, family involvement, and urine monitoring with sufficient aftercare programs seem to be important components of treatment approaches. PMID- 3916680 TI - Clinical management of iatrogenic drug dependence. PMID- 3916681 TI - Substance abuse as an attempt at self-medication. PMID- 3916682 TI - Treatment of narcotic addicts. PMID- 3916683 TI - Current gene mapping methods. PMID- 3916684 TI - [Antibiotic prophylaxis in elective abdominal surgery by peroperative systemic administration of cefuroxime. Findings in 191 treated cases]. PMID- 3916685 TI - [Intraoperative ultrasonic diagnosis: verification of potential applications]. PMID- 3916686 TI - [Diagnostic possibilities of intraoperative echography in cancer surgery: personal experiences]. PMID- 3916687 TI - Atypias, dysplasias, and neoplasias of the esophagus and stomach. AB - Our understanding of the origin and evolution of gastrointestinal mucosal dysplasias and neoplasias has been greatly expanded in recent years by the marked increase in the number of endoscopic biopsies, which are facilitated by the use of flexible instruments with a remarkable safety record. The availability of specimens and the development of special procedures to examine them allows the detailed study of the normal and abnormal gastrointestinal mucosa, as determined by histochemical procedures. Similarly, immunocytochemistry has been used to determine the presence of oncofetal antigens as an expression of neoplastic transformation and/or evolution. Finally, the ease of repeat endoscopic procedures has permitted close observation of the natural or therapeutically modified history of mucosal lesions. The majority of the pathologic findings were in specimens obtained during endoscopic procedures ("grasp or pinch biopsies"), which generally yield superficial fragments of mucosa. Suction biopsies have been recently proposed as an alternative since such specimens contain portions of the whole mucosal layer and part of the submucosa. Our institution performs over 3,000 endoscopic procedures per year; the experience gathered with this material constitutes the basis for this review of esophageal and gastric preneoplastic and neoplastic mucosal lesions obtained by endoscopic and suction biopsies. Data obtained from conventional surgical specimens are also included. PMID- 3916688 TI - Borderline and atypical melanocytic lesions. AB - The importance of correct diagnosis of melanocytic lesions cannot be overemphasized. Prognosis and treatment of these patients are based on the pathological diagnosis. The superficial melanocytic lesions are difficult to diagnose and pose frequent diagnostic dilemmas. Benign, dysplastic, and early malignant melanocytic tumors can be diagnosed based on more or less characteristic features. The pattern of growth, cytology of the melanocytes, and the lymphocytic, and stromal reaction are the histological cornerstones for diagnosis. Another diagnostic problem is the so called "borderline" melanocytic neoplasm. These lesions are characterized by a distinctive nodular growth phase. The difficulty in distinguishing some of these neoplasms from atypical fibroxanthoma is emphasized. PMID- 3916689 TI - Pulmonary hypertension (a critical review--1984). PMID- 3916690 TI - Retinoids and retinoid-binding proteins. PMID- 3916691 TI - Structural basis of protein stability and DNA-protein interaction. PMID- 3916692 TI - Autoantibodies and normal antibodies: two sides of the same coin. PMID- 3916693 TI - A master regulatory locus that determines cell specialization in yeast. PMID- 3916694 TI - Congenital granular cell epulis causing polyhydramnios. AB - We report a case of an extremely large granular cell epulis situated on the maxillary alveolar ridge of a newborn. It obstructed the infant's mouth and caused polyhydramnios. The lesion was detected in utero by ultrasonography and removed after birth in the delivery room, with satisfactory results. It is evident that the epulis increased in size during the last phase of pregnancy. The literature concerning this peculiar lesion is reviewed and theories of histogenesis are discussed. PMID- 3916695 TI - Diet, butyric acid and differentiation of gastrointestinal tract tumours. AB - Butyric acid has two contrasting functional roles. As a product of fermentation within the human colon, it serves as the most important energy source for normal colorectal epithelium. It also promotes the differentiation of cultured malignant cells. A switch from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism accompanies neoplastic transformation in the colorectum. The separate functional roles for n-butyrate may reflect the different metabolic activities of normal and neoplastic tissues. Relatively low intracolonic levels of n-butyrate are associated with a low fibre diet. Deficiency of n-butyrate, coupled to the increased energy requirements of neoplastic tissues, may promote the switch to anaerobic metabolism. The presence of naturally occurring differentiating agents, such as n-butyrate, may modify the patterns of growth and differentiation of gastrointestinal tumours. PMID- 3916696 TI - Modification of platelet adhesion by antiplatelet drugs helps prevent cardiovascular complications of diabetes mellitus. AB - If it could be shown that: The abnormal platelet function in diabetes contributes to the development of cardiovascular complications of diabetes, the abnormal platelet function is a consequence of the diabetic state, the level of blood sugar control or insulin administration, antiplatelet drugs improve the abnormal platelet function independent of the diabetic state and its treatment, the altered platelet function induced by antiplatelet drugs diminishes the evolution of cardiovascular complications, the addition of antiplatelet drugs to the management of diabetes may be reasonable. Specifically designed animal experiments are necessary to provide the scientific basis for designing appropriate clinical trials. PMID- 3916697 TI - Systemic lupus erythematosus and human development. AB - The symptoms of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) suggest that the manifestations of the disorder are related to known or plausible control mechanisms in embryogenesis. It is suggested that homo sapiens has, in the course of evolution, developed novel processes controlling development. PMID- 3916698 TI - The extra-cellular-matrix in hypertension: the link between renal function, autoregulation and sodium metabolism, a review and hypothesis. AB - In this paper the nature of the extra-cellular-matrix (ECM) is outlined briefly. Changes in the ECM in hypertension have been reviewed as has their possible involvement in the pathophysiological process of hypertension. It appears that significant and widespread changes occur in the ECM in hypertensive states. Such changes may alter the characteristics of (1) the renal perfusion pressure/sodium excretion curve (2) autoregulation and (3) sodium metabolism, all of which have been implicated in the pathogenesis of hypertension. The ECM may well be the link between these three. The ECM changes will also contribute to many of the differences, e.g. altered fluid distribution, altered handling of a sodium load, altered electrolyte and water content of vascular tissue, and altered passive and active mechanical properties of vascular tissue seen in hypertensive states. The ECM changes are unlikely to be the root cause of hypertension but are a more fundamental difference than altered renal perfusion/excretion characteristics, altered fluid distribution etc. Indeed the perfusion/excretion characteristics, fluid distribution etc. appear to be dependent upon the properties of the ECM. What now requires to be done is to determine what controls the properties of the ECM and to determine what fault in the control may lead to the changes which could ultimately manifest themselves as hypertension. PMID- 3916699 TI - The relative importance of other infections. Toxoplasmosis. PMID- 3916701 TI - Chronobiological studies on the nucleolus. AB - Chronobiological studies on the nucleolus were performed, using stereological analysis at the electron microscopic level, on different cell types in permanent interphasic state, in rats submitted to various lighting regimen. During the dark span (12L/12D): (1) in sympathetic neurons of superior cervical ganglion circadian changes in nucleolar organization were characterized by an increase in volumes of the nucleolus and each of its components, namely, fibrillar centres, dense fibrillar, granular and vacuolar components; (2) concerning the fibrillar centres, regarded as the interphasic counterpart of nucleolar organizing regions (NORs), the most striking fact, only observed in sympathetic neurons, is the occurrence of a single large-type fibrillar centre, accompanied by small-type fibrillar centres which are present throughout the 24-hr period; (3) the overall increase in volume of fibrillar centres was shown to correspond to a marked drop in the number (up to 4 fold) of small-type fibrillar centres, the unit volume of which (0.01 mum3) remaining unchanged over the 24-hr period and to an increase in size of a large-type fibrillar centre, the volume of which is 100 fold greater than the latter and (4) cytochemical studies showed that the Ag-NOR proteins exhibit a marked increase in amount, suggesting a circadian rhythmicity of these nucleolar proteins. These results, discussed in the light of our current understanding of the nucleolus, briefly summarized in this paper, suggest that the circadian rhythm of the nucleolus and of its components is correlated with circadian rhythms in both transcriptional activity and processing of preribosomes. Analogies between sympathetic neurons and the two other cell types studied, namely, chromaffin cells of adrenal medulla and vagal sensory neurons of nodose ganglion, led to the conclusion that rhythmicity is a fundamental characteristic of the nuclear structure devoted to ribosome biogenesis. Attention is focused on the superior cervical ganglion in which amplitude of nucleolar rhythms are greater and in which fibrillar centres exhibit a particular pattern. These results are discussed with regard to the role played by this sympathetic paravertebral ganglion which is known to regulate circadian rhythmic activities of the rat pineal gland. The persistence of these nucleolar rhythms in continuous lighting, as demonstrated in sympathetic superior cervical ganglion neurons, provide evidence that they are endogenously generated. The intrinsic factors underlying these rhythms in morpho-functional organization of the nucleolus are yet unknown.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3916700 TI - Diurnal sensitivity of the neuroendocrine-reproductive axis to the antigonadotrophic influence of melatonin in male Syrian hamsters with experimentally altered cortisol rhythms. AB - Two different experimental models were used to test if a temporal relationship exists between the rhythm of adrenal steroid secretion and the vulnerability of the hamster reproductive system to short photoperiod exposure or to the daily afternoon injection of melatonin. In the first experiment adrenalectomized hamsters were implanted with a cortisol pellet to provide a sustained, rather than rhythmic, level of the hormone. The animals were either placed in short photoperiod or given a daily afternoon melatonin injection. In both cases the gonads underwent atrophy. In the second experiment adrenalectomized hamsters were given a cortisol injection either in the morning (approx. 8 hr before the subsequent afternoon injection of melatonin) or in the afternoon (approx. 1 hr before the subsequent melatonin injection). Measurements of testicular and accessory organ weights 7 weeks later indicated regression of the reproductive system in both the groups when compared with their appropriate controls. Depressed levels of plasma LH, PRL, testosterone and thyroxine (T4) in these animals confirmed the melatonin induced gonadal collapse. The results suggest that apparently there is no temporal correlation between the rhythm of secretion of the adrenal steroids and the responsiveness of the reproductive system to late afternoon injection of melatonin. Interestingly, all the adrenalectomized cortisol injected control animals (not receiving melatonin) had depressed plasma LH and PRL while the testicular weights and plasma testosterone titers remain unaffected. PMID- 3916703 TI - Circadian rhythms of plasma renin activity and aldosterone: changes related to age, sex, recumbency and sodium restriction. Chronobiologic specification for reference values. AB - Plasma renin activity (PRA) and aldosterone (PA) levels are characterized by a circadian rhythmicity (CR). The present study revealed that this rhythmicity is influenced by several factors including posture, sodium intake and age. Time qualified PRA and PA reference intervals can reduce the incidence of false positives and false negatives in a diagnostic work-up. The circadian rhythmicity of PRA and PA have been quantified in relation to posture, sodium intake and age. The cosinor procedure has been applied to quantify the properties of the circadian rhythmicity under these conditions. Chronograms and circadian parameters can be used to optimize the use of PRA and PA measurements in clinical practice. The chronobiological specification of reference values for PRA and PA is of valuable importance since the assessment of PRA and PA circadian rhythmicity has a diagnostic interest for a certain type of clinical disorder. It should be noted that several studies have described circannual variations for renin and aldosterone. The next step in the optimation of laboratory time qualified reference values is the assessment of changes induced by the deterministic factors on a circannual domain. PMID- 3916704 TI - [Oral prosthetic rehabilitation in adult patients with secondary sequelae of congenital clefts of the lip and hard and soft palate]. PMID- 3916702 TI - Hormonal modulation of cyclic melatonin production in the pineal gland of rats and Syrian hamsters: effects of thyroidectomy or thyroxine implant. AB - Night-time pineal levels of tryptophan, 5-hydroxytryptophan, serotonin, N acetylserotonin, melatonin, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and the activities of the two enzymes N-acetyltransferase and hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase involved in the cyclic production of melatonin were determined in male albino rats and Syrian hamsters that were implanted with thyroxine or thyroidectomized two weeks earlier. Both treatments depressed nocturnal pineal melatonin content in rats and hamsters. The cause of this depression is not known, although minor alterations in the substrates and the enzymes involved in melatonin production were observed. The data suggest that alterations in thyroid hormone levels may increase the release of nocturnal melatonin from the pineal, thereby allowing less to accumulate in the gland. PMID- 3916705 TI - [Ultrasonographic evaluation of the dynamics of growth in emmetropic eyes in children from 1 to 14 years of age]. PMID- 3916706 TI - [Incidence of enterovirulent Escherichia coli in acute diarrheal diseases in preschool children in the area of Novi Sad]. PMID- 3916707 TI - The tetracycline repressor of pSC101. AB - We have determined the nucleotide sequence of the gene for the repressor of the pSC101 tetracycline resistance element (tetR). The repressor gene is transcribed divergently from the gene that encodes the resistance protein and encodes a putative protein of 219 amino acids. The genetic organizations of the three major types of bacterial tetracycline resistance elements thus appear to be equivalent, even though they do not show substantial nucleic acid similarity. The pSC101 repressor protein is 80% identical with the Tn 1721 repressor over its N-terminal 150 residues, whereas the C-termini of the two species are only 35% identical. Examination of the nucleic acid sequences of the regions between the two divergent promoters suggests a model in which two dimers of the tetracycline repressor molecule interact at two adjacent dyad repeats. The dimers may interact with each other, thus strengthening their grip on the operator, and affect transcription of the repressor gene. Comparison of the tetracycline (Tet) repressor with the lambda repressor suggests that the N-terminal region of the Tet repressor forms a helix-turn-helix structure and interacts with DNA in the major groove. The region of the Tet repressor implicated in DNA binding shows significant sequence similarity to a region of histone H4, suggesting that the histone may bind to DNA by means of a similar structural motif. PMID- 3916708 TI - Codon usage and tRNA content in unicellular and multicellular organisms. AB - Choices of synonymous codons in unicellular organisms are here reviewed, and differences in synonymous codon usages between Escherichia coli and the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae are attributed to differences in the actual populations of isoaccepting tRNAs. There exists a strong positive correlation between codon usage and tRNA content in both organisms, and the extent of this correlation relates to the protein production levels of individual genes. Codon-choice patterns are believed to have been well conserved during the course of evolution. Examination of silent substitutions and tRNA populations in Enterobacteriaceae revealed that the evolutionary constraint imposed by tRNA content on codon usage decelerated rather than accelerated the silent-substitution rate, at least insofar as pairs of taxonomically related organisms were examined. Codon-choice patterns of multicellular organisms are briefly reviewed, and diversity in G+C percentage at the third position of codons in vertebrate genes--as well as a possible causative factor in the production of this diversity--is discussed. PMID- 3916709 TI - A new method for estimating synonymous and nonsynonymous rates of nucleotide substitution considering the relative likelihood of nucleotide and codon changes. AB - A new method is proposed for estimating the number of synonymous and nonsynonymous nucleotide substitutions between homologous genes. In this method, a nucleotide site is classified as nondegenerate, twofold degenerate, or fourfold degenerate, depending on how often nucleotide substitutions will result in amino acid replacement; nucleotide changes are classified as either transitional or transversional, and changes between codons are assumed to occur with different probabilities, which are determined by their relative frequencies among more than 3,000 changes in mammalian genes. The method is applied to a large number of mammalian genes. The rate of nonsynonymous substitution is extremely variable among genes; it ranges from 0.004 X 10(-9) (histone H4) to 2.80 X 10(-9) (interferon gamma), with a mean of 0.88 X 10(-9) substitutions per nonsynonymous site per year. The rate of synonymous substitution is also variable among genes; the highest rate is three to four times higher than the lowest one, with a mean of 4.7 X 10(-9) substitutions per synonymous site per year. The rate of nucleotide substitution is lowest at nondegenerate sites (the average being 0.94 X 10(-9), intermediate at twofold degenerate sites (2.26 X 10(-9)). and highest at fourfold degenerate sites (4.2 X 10(-9)). The implication of our results for the mechanisms of DNA evolution and that of the relative likelihood of codon interchanges in parsimonious phylogenetic reconstruction are discussed. PMID- 3916710 TI - Gene regulatory divergence among species estimated by altered developmental patterns in interspecific hybrids. AB - Disturbances in the schedules of gene expression in developing interspecific fish hybrids have been used to draw inferences about the extent of gene regulatory divergence between species and about the degree to which this gene regulatory divergence is correlated with structural gene divergence, as estimated by genetic distance. Sperm from each of 10 different species representing six genera within the family Centrarchidae was used to fertilize eggs of the Florida largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides floridanus). The genetic distances (D; Nei 1978) between the parental species used to form the hybrids ranged from 0.133 to 0.974. The developmental success and temporal patterns of gene expression of each of the hybrids were compared with those of the Florida largemouth bass. As the genetic distance between the paternal species and the Florida largemouth bass increased, there was a general decline in developmental success in the hybrid embryos as demonstrated by the observed reductions in the percentage of hatching and by progressively earlier and more extensive morphological abnormalities. Concomitantly, progressively more marked alterations in developmental schedules of expression of 15 enzyme loci occurred in the hybrids as the genetic distance between parental species increased. However, observed deviations from this trend for a few species may represent an uncoupling of the rates and modes of evolution of structural genes from those for genes regulating developmental processes. PMID- 3916711 TI - California's use of health statistics in child health planning. AB - The California Health Plan for Children, 1979, compiled by the Committee on Health Planning of California, District IX of the American Academy of Pediatrics, is an extensive report on health problems unique to the children of California. Since its publication, many local and state health agencies have been using it as a guide and source of data in their planning efforts for child and youth health. The creation of the plan demonstrated a successful working relationship between health care practitioners and biostatisticians, the acceptance by health professionals of the use of health statistics in planning, the different uses of health statistics in formulating recommendations, and an approach to organizing and summarizing large bodies of data. Nevertheless, our experience indicates that although collection systems for data on population, mortality, natality, morbidity, and health services statistics abound, their use in community health planning for subpopulations is still limited by problems in the definition, validity, and completeness of the data elements. The establishment of an individualized data system for the entire population, to be developed, coordinated, and controlled by one central agency, could be a significant step toward solving these long-standing problems in our data systems. PMID- 3916712 TI - Separating heredity and environment. AB - The problems of separating highly confounded heredity and environmental factors are reviewed from an epidemiological point of view. Once the fact rather than the appearance of familial aggregation is established, one can search for and analyze strong indicators of either genetic or environmental effects, and ultimately attempt their separation by strong design. Indicators of genetic effects are classified according to the presence or absence of family recurrence. In the presence of family recurrence, three analytic approaches are available: segregation analysis, linkage, and heritability estimates. In the absence of family recurrence, biological markers and endogamous groups can be used. Indicators of environmental effects are also classified according to the presence or absence of family recurrence of a disorder. In the presence of family recurrence, three environmental indicators are considered: non-Mendelian clustering, such as time of onset versus age in family clusters, and sex clusters; cohabitational effects; and maternal transmission. In the absence of family recurrence, environmental indicators include secular trends, migration, time and place clusters, family size, and birth order. Designs that aim to separate heredity and environment include twin studies, fixed clusters that include a variety of degrees of relatedness (particularly the family set-design), and comparisons of separately reared relatives. The strengths and weaknesses of twin studies and family set designs are reviewed. Separately reared relatives provide the most cogent tests of genetic and environmental hypotheses. Among these, separated twin pairs, half-sibs, and relatives separated through institutional placement or adoption are considered. Adoption strategies are illustrated by the Danish adoption studies of schizophrenia, criminality, and alcoholism, and these studies are reanalyzed from the perspective of epidemiological case-control and cohort studies. Finally, the potential uses of multiple family settings as they occur in the general population are briefly considered. PMID- 3916713 TI - Occult-blood screening for colorectal carcinoma: the benefits. AB - Preventive medical interventions directed at the general population require rigorous evaluation of the associated benefits, risks, and costs. This paper, the first of a three-part series, assesses the current evidence for the effectiveness of occult-blood (Hemoccult) screening for colorectal carcinoma. When judged by explicit methodologic criteria for the effectiveness of screening, that evidence demonstrates no clearcut benefits to patients found to have colorectal cancer through testing for occult blood. In contrast, there may be substantial risks and costs associated with the widespread use of this preventive maneuver. These are considered in two companion papers. PMID- 3916714 TI - Total serum cholesterol and ischemic heart disease risk in clinical trials and observational studies. AB - Despite compelling evidence that elevated plasma total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol plays a causal role in ischemic heart disease (IHD) (evidence derived from molecular biologic, genetic, animal experimental, and human observational studies), the results of individual clinical trials testing the lipid hypothesis have not been regarded as conclusive. Analyzed in aggregate, however, the trials results indicate a dose-response relationship between amount of cholesterol lowering and reduction of ischemic heart disease risk. This summary analysis predicted the quantitative measure of efficacy in the recently completed Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial (LRC-CPPT). There was a quantitatively similar relationship between the amount of IHD risk reduction associated with amount of total plasma cholesterol reduction within the active drug (cholestyramine) treated group. Further, the risk function relating baseline level of total plasma cholesterol to ischemic heart disease incidence in community-based studies such as Framingham was so similar to the risk function of the LRC-CPPT placebo group that it accurately predicted the ischemic heart disease events in the trial. These findings in aggregate provide strong confirmation of the lipid hypothesis, indicate that lowering total plasma cholesterol in middle-aged hypercholesterolemic men will reduce ischemic heart disease risk, and suggest that some extrapolation of the results to lower levels of plasma cholesterol is appropriate. However, aggregate evidence that supports the lipid hypothesis should be distinguished from that required for intervention and treatment programs. Instituting the latter requires the review and evaluation of the evidence relating cholesterol levels and cholesterol reduction not only to ischemic heart disease, but also to other outcomes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3916715 TI - Behavior, lifestyle, and socioeconomic variables as determinants of health status: implications for health policy development. AB - Health promotion has become an official health policy of this country, and it is being pursued through efforts to change individuals' health-related behavior. This approach is based on the assumption that it is in fact an individual's behavior that most directly determines his or her health status. But how good is the evidence that supports this assumption? Specifically, is the evidence sufficient for this assumption to outweigh the long-standing finding that social and economic conditions have a strong relationship to health status? The major support for the behavior approach derives from the coronary heart disease risk factor studies and the Alameda County Study. In a series of reports over time, the relationship between individuals' health practices and their health status generally, as well as that between heart disease and cancer specifically, have been established by these studies. These observations, however, have not been confirmed when deliberate efforts have been made to change those practices. The evidence in support of the importance of social and economic conditions to health status has been documented through a long series of studies in this country, which have found a direct relationship between individuals' socioeconomic status and their health status. This relationship, however, has not in this country been tested by intervention. Only a few studies have examined the interrelationship between these two approaches to health promotion, but the evidence to date has failed to suggest that either one is the mediator of the other. We must, therefore, conclude that pursuing a policy of health promotion based on either approach to the exclusion of the other would indeed be short-sighted health policy. PMID- 3916716 TI - The efficacy of screening for carcinoma of the prostate by digital examination. AB - Screening for carcinoma of the prostate by digital examination has been frequently advocated. In the United States prostate cancer is an important health problem for which current treatment is unsatisfactory; most patients with progressive disease die of the condition. While the pattern of spread of prostate cancer is understood, rates of progression of early disease are unknown. There has been no randomized clinical trial of digital examination in screening for prostate cancer; and thus, whether prognosis is definitely improved by early detection is unknown. Measures of test performance--test sensitivity and specificity--are unknown for an asymptomatic screened population. Interpreting the results of treatment for asymptomatic cases diagnosed by screening is difficult because of selection bias, lead time bias, and possible overdiagnosis of nonprogressive cancers. The limited cost-efficacy of routine digital examination of the prostate should be compared with the cost-efficacy of other routine health care in deciding about the use of this procedure. PMID- 3916717 TI - The Aspergillus nidulans mitochondrial genome. AB - A brief description is provided of the overall organisation of the Aspergillus nidulans mitochondrial genome, as revealed by DNA sequence analysis. PMID- 3916718 TI - Rapid alkaline preparation for yeast circular covalently closed DNA molecules. AB - The alkaline preparation of prokaryotic plasmids (Birnboim and Doly, 1979) has been here adapted to yeast. By simple denaturation and renaturation steps we recovered, from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe, a population of nucleic acid molecules highly enriched in circular forms. In S. cerevisiae killer strains it is possible to copurify double stranded RNA molecules. The overall recovery was estimated to be 10-30% of the total circular molecules. PMID- 3916719 TI - UV-induced instability in Candida albicans hybrids. AB - Auxotrophic variants were obtained following UV-irradiation of Candida albicans hybrids which were heterozygous (+/+/-/-/) for various genetic markers (met, ade, his, lys). Some variants contained less DNA (per cell) than did the hybrids from which they originated; such variants were considered to arise in a process which resulted in generalized reduction in ploidy. These results provide the basis for a cyclic parasexual system (2n X 2n----4n----2n) for genetic analysis in this amictic diploid species. PMID- 3916720 TI - Characterization of blasticidin S-resistant mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - Blasticidin S-resistant mutants of S. cerevisiae were isolated and characterized. Resistant mutations were found to fall into two complementation groups. A single recessive nuclear gene was responsible for each group, donated as bls1 and bls2, respectively. A gene bls1 was linked to an ilv3 gene located on the right arm of chromosome X. The resistant phenotypes from both genes were not associated with ribosomes known to be target sites of Blasticidin S, when analyzed by poly(U) directed polyphenylalanine synthesis. The resistant mechanisms of the mutations are discussed in this paper. PMID- 3916722 TI - Cloning and mapping of CDC40, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene with a role in DNA repair. AB - The cdc40 mutation has been previously shown to be a heat-sensitive cell-division cycle mutation. At the restrictive temperature, cdc40 cells arrest at the end of DNA replication, but retain sensitivity to hydroxyurea (Kassir and Simchen 1978). The mutation has also been shown to affect commitment to meiotic recombination and its realization. Here we show that mutant cells are extremely sensitive to Methyl-Methane Sulfonate (MMS) when the treatment is carried out at restrictive temperature. Incubation at 37 degrees C prior to, or after MMS treatment at 23 degrees C, does not result in lower survival. It is concluded that the CDC40 gene product has a role in DNA repair, possibly holding together or protecting the DNA during the early stages of repair. The CDC40 gene was cloned on a 2.65 kb DNA fragment. A 2 mu plasmid carrying the gene was integrated and mapped to chromosome IV, between trp4 and ade8, by the method of marker loss. Conventional tetrad analysis has shown cdc40 to map 1.7 cM from trp4. PMID- 3916721 TI - Transformation of Candida maltosa and Pichia guilliermondii by a plasmid containing Saccharomyces cerevisiae ARG4 DNA. AB - Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida maltosa and Pichia guilliermondii have been transformed by the plasmid pYe(ARG4)411, which contains the S. cerevisiae ARG4 gene inserted into pBR322. In all transformants argininosuccinate lyase as well as beta-lactamase were detected. The ARG+ phenotype of transformants is mitotically unstable. Closed circular pYe(ARG4)411 DNA was detected in transformant DNA preparations by hybridization to pBR322 DNA and by transformation of E. coli to ampicillin resistance. PMID- 3916723 TI - Conserved sequences upstream of yeast ribosomal protein genes. AB - Computer analysis has previously revealed the presence of a 12-nucleotide common sequence element (AACATCTGCATGACA; HOMOL1) in the upstream regions of several yeast ribosomal protein genes. By extending the sequence analysis of the 5' flanking regions of a number of other ribosomal protein genes (including those encoding S10-1, S10-2, S33 and L16-2) we could establish that HOMOL1 occurs upstream of most but not all yeast ribosomal protein genes. Apart from HOMOL1 an additional conserved sequence (ACCCATACATTTA; RPG-box) was detected in front of nearly all yeast ribosomal protein genes, although in some cases it is present in the opposite orientation in the other strand. There seems to be no correlation between the occurrence of one box and that of the other. However when both boxes are present the RPG-box is always located 3' to the HOMOL1-sequence mostly at a distance of only a few nucleotides. A further one-to-one comparison of the upstream regions of several yeast ribosomal protein genes revealed extensive additional sequence homologies that are suggested to be involved in the coordinate control of ribosomal protein gene expression in yeast. PMID- 3916724 TI - Molecular cloning of the 3-phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) gene from Aspergillus nidulans. AB - The Aspergillus nidulans 3-phosphoglycerate kinase gene (PGK) has been isolated from a phage lambda genomic library, using the equivalent yeast gene as a hybridization probe. The location of the PGK gene within the cloned DNA has been physically mapped. The DNA sequence of a small region of the putative PGK has been determined and found to code for amino acids corresponding to the N-terminal end of the PGK protein. In contrast to the yeast PGK gene the Aspergillus gene contains a 57 base pair intron occurring between the coding sequences for amino acid 22 and 23. A DNA fragment encompassing the PGK gene was shown to hybridize a 1,700 base poly(A) mRNA, sufficient to encode the PGK polypeptide. PMID- 3916725 TI - The product of the regulatory gene of the proline catabolism gene cluster of Aspergillus nidulans is a positive-acting protein. AB - Eight new deletion mutations in the prn gene cluster involved in L-proline catabolism in Aspergillus nidulans have been characterised and mapped. Three of these are located within prnA, the regulatory gene mediating proline induction, and confirm the positive nature of the action of the prnA product. In addition, four prnA- alleles which are phenotypically suppressible by aminoglycoside antibiotics have been identified. Of these four phenotypically suppressible prnA- mutations, two have been tested for suppression by translational suppressors. Both are genotypically suppressible, showing that the prnA product must be a protein. PMID- 3916726 TI - Cloning and characterization of the three enzyme structural genes QUTB, QUTC and QUTE from the quinic acid utilization gene cluster in Aspergillus nidulans. AB - Heterologous DNA probes from the quinic acid gene cluster (QA) in Neurospora crassa (Schweizer 1981) have been used to isolate the corresponding gene cluster (QUT) from Aspergillus nidulans cloned in a phage lambda vector. N. crassa probes for each of the three enzyme structural genes in the cluster have been used to identify the corresponding genes within the A. nidulans cloned DNA. The three genes are in the same relative sequence [dehydrogenase (1), QA-3 = QUTB; dehydratase (3), QA-4 = QUTC; dehydroquinase (2), QA-2 = QUTE] though contained within a 3.4 kb DNA sequence in Aspergillus compared to a 5.4 kb sequence in Neurospora. The A. nidulans dehydroquinase (2) gene QUTE has been shown to complement an auxotrophic mutant aroD6 of Escherichia coli lacking biosynthetic dehydroquinase when tested for growth at 30 degrees C. A mutant of A. nidulans lacking catabolic dehydroquinase (2) and designated qutE208 has been isolated and shown to be tightly linked to the gene cluster, which maps between the ornB and fwA loci in linkage group VIII. PMID- 3916727 TI - Regulation of ureaamidolyase synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, RNA analysis, and cloning of the positive regulatory gene DURM. AB - In S. cerevisiae, the synthesis of ureaamidolyase is subject to at least two different forms of regulation: nitrogen catabolite repression and induction by allophanate. Two positive regulatory genes DURM and DURL are involved in the induction process. We have measured the levels of mRNA homologous to the DUR2,1 gene in conditions of ureaamidolyase induction and in regulatory mutants. The amounts of DUR2,1 enzyme and messengers are well coordinated; moreover, the half life of DUR2,1 messengers is identical in the presence or absence of inducer. These data suggest that the ureaamidolyase production is probably controlled at the level of transcription. From a pool of hybrid plasmids carrying Sau3A fragments representing the entire yeast genome, a 13 kb DNA fragment containing the regulatory gene DURM was cloned by complementation of a durM mutation which prevents the growth on allantoin as sole nitrogen source. Cells containing the cloned DNA recover the inducibility of ureaamidolyase by allophanate. Four RNA transcripts have homology to this 13 kb DNA fragment but the study of subcloned restriction endonuclease fragments allowed us to map the DURM regulatory gene within a 4 kilobase pair region. This fragment encodes a 1 kb transcript. The level of this RNA is the same in induced and non-induced cells. PMID- 3916728 TI - Gene amplification in Aspergillus nidulans by transformation with vectors containing the amdS gene. AB - Conidial protoplasts of an A. nidulans amdS deletion strain (MH1277) have been transformed to the AmdS+ phenotype with a plasmid carrying the wild type gene (p3SR2). Optimalisation of transformation and plating conditions now has resulted in frequencies of 300-400 transformants per microgram of DNA. Analysis of DNA from AmdS+ transformants of MH1277 showed that transformation had occurred by integration of vector DNA sequences into the genome. In virtually all these transformants multiple copies of the vector were present in a tandemly repeated fashion, not preferentially at the resident, partially deleted amdS gene. It is suggested that the observed integration phenomena are dependent on the genetic background of the A. nidulans strain, used for transformation. A model to explain the tandem type of integration is proposed. PMID- 3916729 TI - Formation and stability of linear plasmids in a recombination deficient strain of yeast. AB - Natural termini from macronuclear DNA of the ciliated protozoans Tetrahymena thermophila and Oxytricha fallax can support telomere formation yeast. However, plasmids carrying these ciliate termini are modified by the addition of DNA which hybridizes to the synthetic oligonucleotide poly [d(C-A]), a sequence which also hybridizes to terminal restriction fragments from yeast chromosomes but not to Tetrahymena or Oxytricha macronuclear DNAs. Thus, in yeast, the creation of new telomeres on ciliate termini involves the acquisition of yeast-specific terminal sequences presumably by either recombination or non-templated DNA synthesis. The RAD52 gene is required for the majority of yeast mitotic and meiotic recombination events. Moreover, the absence of an active RAD52 gene product results in high rates of chromosome loss. Here we demonstrate that terminal restriction fragments from Tetrahymena macronuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) support the formation of modified telomeres in a yeast strain carrying a defect in the RAD52 gene. Moreover, linear plasmids bearing these modified ciliate termini are stably propagated in rad52- cells. PMID- 3916730 TI - Extragenic revertants of rad50, a yeast mutation causing defects in recombination and repair. AB - The RAD50 gene in yeast is required for recombination-repair (i.e., the double strand break repair pathway) in mitosis, and for meiotic recombination and sporulation. Both of these processes are complex and seem likely to require a relatively large number of gene products. In order to help define other genes required for recombination and repair processes in yeast, we have isolated extragenic revertants of rad50-4 which restore the ability to grow in the presence of MMS. Evidence from segregation indicates the extragenic revertants fall into at least five loci. Two of them reduce sporulation and spore viability at high temperature; another mutation confers a spontaneous hyperrec phenotype on mitotic cells. Thus, at least three revertants are candidates for mutations which affect recombination functions. PMID- 3916731 TI - UV-inducible transcripts in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - Differential colony hybridisation has been used to identify DNA sequences in Saccharomyces cerevisiae corresponding to RNA transcripts whose levels increase 5 10 fold following UV-irradiation. Four sequences have been identified, three of which share sequence homology and hybridize to the same set of genomic DNA fragments. The fourth sequence appears to be distinct, however each DNA sequence hybridizes to a similar sized RNA transcript which is approximately 4.0 kb long. The relationships between these DNA sequences and their potential protein products is discussed. PMID- 3916732 TI - The origin of mutant cells: mechanisms by which Saccharomyces cerevisiae produces cells homoplasmic for new mitochondrial mutations. AB - Haploid yeast cells have about 50 copies of the mitochondrial genome, and a mutational event is unlikely to affect more than one of these at a time. This raises the question of how such cells, or their progeny, become fixed (homoplasmic) for the mutant alele. We have tested the roles of six hypothetical mechanisms in producing erythromycin-resistant mutant cells: (i) random partitioning of mitochondrial genomes at cell division; (ii) intracellular selection for mtDNA molecules of one genotype; (iii) intracellular random drift of mitochondrial allele frequencies; (iv) intercellular selection for cells of a particular mitochondrial genotype; (v) induction of mitochondrial gene mutations by the antibiotic used to select mutants; and (vi) reduction in the number of mitochondrial genomes per cell by the antibiotic. Our experiments indicate that intracellular selection plays the major role in producing erythromycin-resistant mutant cells in the presence of the antibiotic. In the absence of the antibiotic, the combined effects of random drift and random partitioning are most important in determining the fate of new mutations, most of which are lost rather than fixed. Our experiments provide no evidence for mutation induction or ploidy reduction by erythromycin. PMID- 3916733 TI - Mitochondrial suppression of a yeast nuclear mutation which affects the translation of the mitochondrial apocytochrome b transcript. AB - We describe a mitochondrial suppressor mutation, which restores respiratory competence to the nuclear pet- -mutant MK2. This mutant lacks the message of the mitochondrial cob-gene and instead accumulates a partially spliced pre-mRNA which is not translated. Complete processing and translation of the cob-RNA is restored by a rearrangement of the mitochondrial DNA, leading to a fusion of the cob coding sequences with the leader of oli1, the mitochondrial gene coding for subunit IX of the ATPase. We conclude that the nuclear gene affected in MK2 is essential to allow translation of transcripts which contain the cob-leader sequence. PMID- 3916736 TI - [List of members of the Medical Society of French-Speaking Black Africa as of 1 January 1985]. PMID- 3916734 TI - Efficient expression of the Escherichia coli leuB gene in yeast. AB - Efficient expression of the Escherichia coli leuB (beta-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase) gene occurred in yeast after in vitro DNase digestion and religation of plasmid bound leuB and the yeast HIS3 DNA which placed the 5' end of the yeast HIS3 gene immediately adjacent to the coding region of the E. coli leuB gene. Two structurally distinct classes of gene fusions were constructed, each involved portions of the yeast HIS3 gene which contributed DNA sequences responsible for leuB expression in yeast. The first class involved fusion of the HIS3 coding region to bacterial DNA resulting in the production of a fusion protein with beta-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase activity. The second class consisted of bacterial DNA, including the leuB coding region, fused to the HIS3 promotor region with the absence of any portion of the HIS3 coding region. In both constructions the HIS3 promotor region is required for transcription, however, translation of the class two fusion is initiated at a bacterial DNA coded AUG, and the 5' end of the mRNA coded by the leuB gene mapped predominantly at bacterial DNA sequences. The DNA sequence responsible for the 5' end of the HIS3 mRNAs remain in the class two gene fusions but this did not preclude the initiation of transcription at bacterial DNA sequences. The pattern of mRNA initiation at bacterial DNA suggests that DNA sequences at, or adjacent to, the site of transcription initiation are involved in the determination of the sites of initiation, and perhaps the frequency at which initiation occurs. PMID- 3916737 TI - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and Kaposi's sarcoma: clinical relationship between immunodeficiency disease and cancer. PMID- 3916735 TI - Either one of the two yeast EF-1 alpha genes is required for cell viability. AB - Two genes, TEF1 and TEF2, encode the protein elongation factor EF-1 alpha in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We have generated yeast haploid strains containing either TEF1 or TEF2 interrupted by insertion of a large piece of foreign DNA. Cells which contain either one functional copy of the EF-1 alpha genes are viable. In contrast, attempts to isolate a yeast haploid strain with both TEF1 and TEF2 inactivated have failed suggesting that the double gene disruption is a lethal event. PMID- 3916738 TI - Tumor promoters in human carcinogenesis. PMID- 3916739 TI - Potential clinical utility of monoclonal antibodies in the management of human carcinomas. PMID- 3916740 TI - Complete androgen blockade for the treatment of prostate cancer. PMID- 3916741 TI - The use of intraperitoneal chemotherapy. AB - The i.p. route of drug administration has a clearly defined theoretical basis. Detailed information is now available on the i.p. pharmacology and toxicity of most drugs active in ovarian cancer. In addition, there are clearly defined clinical situations in which use of this form of therapy would be rational. The major remaining task is to conduct well-designed clinical trials to determine the actual value of this approach. PMID- 3916742 TI - Intraoperative radiation therapy. PMID- 3916743 TI - Limited surgery and radiation as primary local treatment for carcinoma of the breast. PMID- 3916744 TI - Adjuvant systemic therapy of breast cancer. PMID- 3916745 TI - Adjuvant chemotherapy of adult patients with soft tissue sarcomas. AB - Although various nonrandomized evaluations of adjuvant chemotherapy have suggested that chemotherapy with doxorubicin-containing regimens is valuable in the adjuvant treatment of patients with high-grade soft tissue sarcomas, the varied nature of this disease makes it extremely difficult to draw definite conclusions from these studies. Recently several prospective randomized trials on the efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy in these patients have been performed. Although trends toward improved disease-free survival were seen in several trials, these did not achieve statistical significance. Follow-up in these trials is short, however, and patients with sarcomas at diverse anatomical sites were combined in the analyses. In a series of prospective randomized trials conducted in the Surgery Branch of the NCI in conjunction with the Radiation Oncology and Medical Oncology Branches of the NCI, it appears that adjuvant chemotherapy with doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide is of major benefit in improving disease-free and overall survival in patients with high-grade soft tissue sarcomas of the extremities. Patients with truncal lesions occurring on the trunk wall also had a significant improvement in disease-free survival with adjuvant chemotherapy. We could, however, demonstrate no benefit for adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with retroperitoneal sarcomas, probably because of the extensive intra-abdominal spread of this tumor and the inability to excise these tumors with negative surgical margins. Toxicity due to the adjuvant chemotherapy is substantial, however, especially cardiomyopathy due to high cumulative doses of doxorubicin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3916746 TI - The role of oncogenes in human neoplasia. PMID- 3916747 TI - In vitro assays of chemotherapeutic sensitivity. AB - The concept of designing an in vitro assay to predict in vivo antineoplastic drug activity that would provide the medical oncologist with the necessary data to define beneficial drug regimens is appropriate; however, the optimal assay has been elusive over the last 3 decades. It is hoped that information gained from attempts to design such an assay has provided further refinements that will bring the goal in reach. The initial studies of drug-induced cell cytotoxicity employing changes in cell metabolism or the cell's ability to exclude supravital dye or reduction in the incorporation of radiolabeled precursors into DNA, RNA, or proteins provided the starting point for developing such an assay. Although initial enthusiasm existed with each of these assays, it soon became apparent that their predictive value was not sufficiently specific to warrant broad application. Modification of the dye exclusion assay or the combination of the clonogenic assay with radio precursor incorporation may provide better predictability. Confirmation of these assays awaits completion of randomized clinical trials. More recently, led by the appreciation of a subset of self renewing cells--that is, "stem cells" present in the bone marrow--Salmon and colleagues reported on the pertinent applications of the clonogenic assay in predicting in vivo patient responses to chemotherapy. Since this report, considerable advances in development, improvement, and application of the clonogenic assay have occurred. This assay has been applied to preclinical screening of new antineoplastic agents, cytogenetic analysis of human tumor specimens, and the identification of growth factors and hormones for different tumor types. Despite these major advances in applying and solving technical problems associated with the assay, major problems continue to exist, the foremost being the overall poor growth of most tumor specimens in the assay such that in vitro chemosensitivity data can be obtained only in 30% to 40% of specimens. Indeed, because only this fraction grows, it is important to demonstrate that "growth itself" in the assay is not an independent prognostic factor. Further, pharmacologic considerations will have to be completed for each drug such that in vitro studies of drug exposure and drug/drug interaction will mimic the clinical situation. Constant critical analysis of this and other assays will no doubt lead to improvements, particularly their use as tools for biologic studies. Currently, insufficient data on prospective trials evaluating in vitro assays in predicting clinical responses are available.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3916748 TI - Anterior segment and intraocular pressure measurements of the unanesthetized premature infant. AB - Thirty-seven premature infants were examined without anesthesia to determine intraocular pressure (I.O.P.) and corneal diameter (C.D.) measurements. The anterior segment of the premature infant was examined and the presence of Bell's phenomenon was recorded. Measurements were done with a Perkin's applanation tonometer, calipers and clear corneal diameter templates. The systolic blood pressure, weight, length and postconceptional age were also recorded. Correlations of these factors were done to determine interdependency of these parameters. The mean values for I.O.P. were 18.04 mmHg for O.D. and 18.62 mmHg for O.S. The mean difference was statistically significant. Mean values for corneal diameters were 8.18 mm O.D. and 8.15 mm O.S. Statistically significant correlations occurred between I.O.P. with C.D. and between C.D. with weight, length and postconceptional age. Techniques for accurate measurement in this age group require particular attention to adequately-sized instrumentation to accommodate small palpebral fissures and corneas. PMID- 3916749 TI - Attempt to arrest eye growth by means of ocular hypotony. AB - Attempt to retard growth of the eye in 4 young rabbits by means of prolonged ocular hypotony maintained by timolol-maleate were not successful. The eyes treated with 0.5 timolol twice a day showed a sustained hypotensive response of 4 5 mm Hg which lasted for the 4 months experimental period. No significant differences in size and on rate of growth in the treated and the untreated eyes were noted. In fact, over the 4 months postnatal period, both groups of eyes increased 0.5 mm per week in axial length. Our experiment suggests that in developing rabbit eyes, at least reduction of IOP is not a factor in effecting a smaller globe. PMID- 3916750 TI - Adaptions in the life cycle of Dermacentor variabilis (Say) and Ixodes dammini (Spielman, Clifford, Piesman, and Corwin) marginal populations (Acari: Ixodidae). AB - Both the Dermacentor variabilis and Ixodes dammini adult diapause seasons are followed by a breeding period. At the edge of the ticks' range, where diapause and breeding occur under adverse climatic conditions, the species still conserves its fixed response for the onset of diapause. As a result, most of the following breeding effort is wasted; the population can only be maintained by an aberrant breeding period during the normal diapause season. When the diapause and breeding periods are suitable for the climate at the edge of the ticks' range, the rate of immature development versus the temperature regime can result in the appearance of the immature stages out of phase with the timing for the optimal life cycle in the marginal climate. The ticks are limited to minor adjustments of their development rates but, if this is all that is required for an optimum life cycle, this response can preadapt the species to the foreign climate. PMID- 3916751 TI - [Effects of immunoregulatory factors on the tumor incidence and the non-specific immunity in mice]. PMID- 3916752 TI - [Reproducibility of real-time ultrasonography in measurement of extrahepatic bile duct]. PMID- 3916753 TI - Determination of arsenic in urine and whole blood by hydride atomic absorption spectrophotometry. PMID- 3916754 TI - Future directions of anesthesiology. PMID- 3916755 TI - Review of air pollution control: approach in the United States and selected European countries. PMID- 3916756 TI - [Experimental and clinical study of ultrasonic diagnosis of pneumobilia]. PMID- 3916757 TI - [Survey of biliary stones with ultrasound in Kaohsiung area]. PMID- 3916758 TI - Melanocyte distribution in normal epidermis of Chinese people in the Kaohsiung area. PMID- 3916759 TI - [Different gain-setting affects measurement of extrahepatic bile duct by real time ultrasound]. PMID- 3916760 TI - [The etiology of juvenile periodontitis]. PMID- 3916761 TI - [Effect of postural change on measurement of extrahepatic bile duct]. PMID- 3916762 TI - Pathology of the mycoses in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). PMID- 3916763 TI - Dermatophyte antigens and cell-mediated immunity in dermatophytosis. PMID- 3916764 TI - Natural cell-mediated resistance against Cryptococcus neoformans: a possible role for natural killer (NK) cells. PMID- 3916765 TI - Biotyping of medically important fungi. PMID- 3916766 TI - Characterization of protein and mannan polysaccharide antigens of yeasts, moulds, and actinomycetes. AB - Antigens in coccidioidin were compared with purified subfractions via tandem immunoelectrophoresis (IEP) and by a combination of advancing line and crossed IEP. Rocket IEP was suitable for titrating the reactions and showing the relationship between column fractions. These techniques required multicomponent antisera produced by hyperimmunization over many months and by the use of known standard migration pairs. The IEP variations were used to chart the development of antisera against coccidioidin factors, to monitor antigen purifications, and to test the immunochemical homogeneity of an isolated antigen. Mannose-based heteroglycans of Cryptococcus neoformans were recovered from the culture filtrate. After precipitation of the major viscous glucuronoxylomannan (GXM) with ethanol or cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, the supernate is reserved because it contains a galactoxylomannan (GalXM). After removal of glucuronic acid from the GXM, the resulting xylomannan of serotype A was amenable to 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometry; it revealed nonreducing xylose, alpha-1,3-mannose, and alpha-1,2/1,3 disubstituted mannose, thus confirming by an independent means what was previously known. The characterization sequence of GalXM included: (1) gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) of neutral sugars as peracetylated aldononitriles; (2) methylation-fragmentation GLC mass spectrometry to determine the glycosidic linkages; and (3) 13C-NMR showing similarities to mannan of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Affinity chromatography of the GalXM on concanavalin A separated the galactoxylo component from an adsorbed mannoprotein. Selection of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) relies on presumptive enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) or radioimmunoassays for rapid screening of clones and for determination of isotypes; however, higher resolution confirmatory tests are needed to obtain MAbs of desired specificity. MAbs against Candida tropicalis mannan were labeled with horseradish peroxidase to use for detecting mannan in serum. MAbs against the partially purified "m" factor of histoplasmin were characterized by the enzyme linked immunoelectro-transfer blot technique (EITB), revealing unsuspected complexity in the antigen. Secreted proteins of Nocardia asteroides were isoelectrically focused; three proteins, identified by EITB as promising to be specific for that actinomycete, were cut out of gels and used to immunize mice for production of MAbs. The fimbriae of Actinomyces viscosus and A. naeslundii that mediate lactose-reversible coagglutination with Streptococcus sanguis have been used to evoke MAbs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3916767 TI - The changing epidemiology and emerging patterns of dermatophyte species. AB - The anthropophilic agents of tinea capitis are being eradicated from their historic areas in developed and developing nations. The one exception is T. tonsurans in the United States and Canada. In these nations, the infections are increasing among black children, probably because of hair style and hygiene habits. Elsewhere in the world, M. canis has become or is becoming the dominant agent of tinea capitis. Tinea corporis reflects either the dominant agent of tinea capitis or the sphere of T. rubrum. Trichophyton rubrum is the most common agent worldwide of crural and pedal disease and often tinea corporis. The other anthropophilic species, T. mentagrophytes var. interdigitale and E. floccosum, are also firmly established, but as a distant second and third. These five species account for most ringworm worldwide. Other species are of lowlevel infection, are rare, are locally endemic, or--in the case of some anthropophiles- are dying out. The only evidence of active evolution among the dermatophytes is seen in M. canis and T. mentagrophytes. In both, host-specific strains have emerged and will probably separate as species. This probably has happened already in the case of the variety interdigitale of T. mentagrophytes. PMID- 3916768 TI - Paracoccidioides brasiliensis: cell wall glucans, pathogenicity, and dimorphism. PMID- 3916769 TI - Composition and structure of yeast cell walls. PMID- 3916770 TI - The role of zinc in Candida dimorphism. AB - By analyzing the effects of zinc on growth and dimorphism, it has become clear that there exists at least two modes, or "pathways," of mycelium formation in C. albicans (7). Paradoxically, even though the characteristics for the two modes appear to be opposite in nature, the mycelium that form appear to be superficially similar. Unfortunately, it may be difficult to compare the two modes unambiguously at the molecular level for two reasons. First, the physiology of cells resuming growth after release from stationary phase will undoubtedly differ drastically from the physiology of cells exiting from the growth cycle, regardless of phenotype. Therefore, most molecular or physiologic differences probably will represent differences in growth rate or position in the cell cycle, rather than alternate molecular mechanisms that are basic to the alternate modes of mycelium formation. Second, it has been observed that during release from stationary phase, a prescribed program of gene expression accompanies commitment to the mycelial and budding forms (11). This program was demonstrable because of the excellent synchrony and homogeneity of released cultures (60), which is a characteristic lacking in cultures entering stationary phase in the M10 mode. Even so, a comparison at the molecular level between the two modes of mycelium formation should be undertaken with the above reservations in mind. Perhaps the most attractive aspect of alternate modes of mycelium formation in Candida is at the genetic level of analysis. The hypothesis of homozygosis in the expression of the M10 phenotype is testable, as is the possible role of the M10 phenotype in tissue penetration. If the hypothesis is true and if the M10 phenotype predominates in infected tissue, it would represent a new mechanism of opportunism in infectious fungi that may be used by other systems as well as Candida. If it is not true, a detailed analysis of the differences between the two modes of mycelium formation will still be valuable in our understanding of both the mechanisms regulating phenotypic transitions in Candida and the more general question of cell divergence in developing systems. PMID- 3916771 TI - Killer yeasts. PMID- 3916772 TI - Biochemical targets for antifungal azole derivatives: hypothesis on the mode of action. AB - The selective interaction of low concentrations of azole derivatives and other nitrogen heterocycles with cytochrome P-450 may be at the origin of the inhibition of ergosterol biosynthesis. From the depletion of ergosterol and the concomitant accumulation of 14 alpha-methylsterols, alterations in membrane functions, the synthesis and activity of membrane-bound enzymes, mitochondrial activities, and an uncoordinated activation of chitin synthase may result. Since chitin synthesis is more important in the hyphal form than in the budding form of C. albicans, the uncoordinated activation of chitin synthesis may be more trouble for the hyphal growth than for yeast budding. The assumption is made that from this difference the greater sensitivity of hyphal growth to azole antifungal agents may originate. It is also assumed that the higher degree of lipid unsaturation may be related to an inhibition of ergosterol biosynthesis. The inhibition of fatty acid desaturation and elongation induced by higher doses of miconazole and ketoconazole and the longer contact times might be related to interference with membrane fluidity, or it might due to chelation of the iron used in the oxidation reduction sequence during desaturation. The decreased availability of ergosterol and the accumulation of 14 alpha-methylsterols also may provide the environment needed to inactivate membrane-bound enzymes; e.g., cytochrome c peroxidase. However, it is still too speculative to correlate effects on membrane components with miconazole-induced changes in properties of all oxidases; e.g., the NADH-dependent, cyanide-insensitive oxidase. The accumulation of toxic concentrations of hydrogen peroxide, resulting from an increased NADH-oxidase activity and disappearance of the peroxidase and catalase activity, may contribute to the degeneration of subcellular structures. The complete disappearance of catalase observed at concentrations of miconazole greater than or equal to 10(-5) M may originate from direct effects on the cell. At these high concentrations reached only by topical application, direct membrane damage resulting from interaction of miconazole with lipids was observed. These direct interactions result in an inhibition of membrane-bound enzyme and mitochondrial activities and in leakage of intracellular components. The direct interactions were much less pronounced in cells treated with ketoconazole. This correlates with the smaller area occupied in the membrane per ketoconazole molecule (30 A2), compared with that occupied in the membrane per miconazole molecule (90 A2).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3916774 TI - Hyperbaric oxygen in the treatment of burns. AB - This article presents the rationale and methods used to employ hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) treatment for patients with burns at the Sherman Oaks Community Hospital. It is based upon an expanded concept of burn injury formation and healing. We believe that new knowledge of oxygen transport and storage in the tissues in the presence of HBO will alter our understanding of the process of wound healing and the application of HBO in treatment. PMID- 3916773 TI - Animal models for candidiasis. PMID- 3916775 TI - Burns. Prostaglandins and thromboxane. AB - This article attempts to delineate the role of the prostanoids in thermal injury, based on clinical and experimental trials. It also describes the authors' concept of the cause of progressive dermal ischemia in the thermal injury and possible therapeutic measures to prevent or reduce this detrimental effect. PMID- 3916776 TI - Pulmonary injury in burned patients. AB - 1. With improvements in treatment of burn shock and wound sepsis, inhalation injury has emerged as the number one cause of fatality in the burn patient; it accounts for 20 to 84 per cent of burn mortality. 2. Only steam is capable of inflicting direct thermal damage; most injury is caused by incomplete products of combustion, the most important being aldehydes. 3. More accurate diagnostic techniques, including fiberoptic bronchoscopy and 133Xe scanning, have been added to the traditional clinical signs of inhalation injury, such as facial burns, singed nasal vibrissae, and closed space injury, and have led to a new estimation of a 30 per cent incidence among patients with major burns. 4. Patients with inhalation injury typically pass through three stages, those of acute pulmonary insufficiency, pulmonary edema, and bronchopneumonia. 5. The major early pathophysiologic changes seen in the lungs of burned patients related to edema. With inhalation injury this is probably mediated by the products of activated neutrophils. Later changes are the result of the reduction of surfactant and thus lung compliance. 6. Treatment consists of intubation at the first hint of respiratory distress; the issue of tracheostomy versus endotracheal intubation has not been scientifically resolved, but most centers employ prolonged nasotracheal intubation. Prophylactic antibiotics or steroids are not of benefit. Further care is only supportive and includes CPAP, PEEP, vigorous pulmonary toilet, humidification of inspired air, and antibiotics for documented infection. 7. Further advances await the development of pharmacologic methods of affecting the lung's response to injury, which includes altered capillary permeability and decreased immune function. PMID- 3916777 TI - Metabolism and nutrition in the thermally injured patient. AB - Following severe thermal injury, the metabolic rate increases to a level often exceeding twice that of the uninjured individual. This hypermetabolic response necessitates a corresponding increase in nutritional support, which must be maintained until the wound has closed and fully matured. Nutrient composition and administration techniques are determined by the patient's ongoing physiologic response to injury. PMID- 3916778 TI - Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, brain blood flow, and neurologic recovery. AB - A review of survival rates and neurologic outcome after cardiac resuscitation indicates the importance of rapid initiation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and of finding ways to further improve cerebral blood flow during CPR. Mechanisms for generating blood flow to the brain during CPR and experimental strategies for enhancing cerebral viability are discussed. PMID- 3916779 TI - Neurologic intensive care unit monitoring. AB - Monitoring modalities unique to the neurologic intensive care unit include intracranial pressure monitors and neuroelectrophysiologic monitors. Each modality fullfills criteria for accuracy, responsivity during clinical change, and stability over time for trend analysis. Intracranial pressure monitoring may be accomplished by any of three approaches--ventricular catheter, subarachnoid bolt, or epidural pressure transducer. Intracranial pressure control has proved beneficial in at least three different illnesses--acute closed head injury, acute noncommunicating hydrocephalus, and Reye's syndrome. Other illnesses, such as cerebral hemorrhage, near drowning, meningitis, encephalitis, and cerebral mass lesions, are often associated with ICP elevations. Neuroelectrophysiologic monitoring encompassing electroencephalography (EEG), signal-processed EEG, and evoked potentials has proved to be most beneficial to the intensive care setting. Evoked potentials are most useful for monitoring patients in drug-induced coma or muscle paralysis in whom a clinical neurologic examination is unreliable. Focal neurologic deficits, incipient brainstem ischemia, and possibly brain death can be deduced from multimodality-evoked potentials (brainstem auditory and somatosensory). Evoked potential apparatus can be used to record sequential stimuli and trend changes. Signal-processed EEG apparatus (compressed spectral array and cerebral function monitor) are used to assess global or regional EEG activity for longer periods of time. Interpretation of signal-processed EEG recording requires some experience with this technique, but it is much easier to interpret than a standard 16-lead EEG. These monitors are useful in evaluating some forms of abnormal EEG activity and in monitoring gross changes in global or regional electrical activity. Currently available technology offers dynamic insight into the management of acute neurologic illnesses. The technology in evoked potential and signal processed EEG monitoring will eventually reduce the size and complexity of the instrumentation, making its application routine. Intracranial pressure monitoring is already routine in many intensive care units, although its use is occasionally sporadic. We believe that application of appropriate neurologic monitors improves therapy and outcome in neurologically injured and ill patients. PMID- 3916780 TI - Acute cervical spinal injury. AB - The epidemiology, biomechanics, physiopathology, emergency medical systems, diagnostic criteria, and therapy related to acute cervical spinal cord injury are discussed in this article. PMID- 3916781 TI - Management of Reye's syndrome. AB - Reye's syndrome is a potentially devastating neurologic illness seen predominantly in children following a viral prodrome. The cause is unknown. The clinical history and laboratory presentation are stereotypical and easy to recognize if the clinician considers the diagnosis. Neurologic dysfunction is characterized by lethargy, obtundation, persistent vomiting, agitated delirium, and coma. Death is secondary to severe cerebral swelling with elevation of intracranial pressure. Although no specific therapy has been clearly demonstrated to be superior in terms of outcome, most clinicians have adopted a management scheme aimed at lowering and controlling the elevated ICP. We have described the management protocol in use at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. The protocol is summarized in the Appendix for the convenience of the reader. PMID- 3916782 TI - Hepatic encephalopathy. AB - In summary, then, it can be said that hepatic encephalopathy is a process caused by the underlying inability of the certain products to be metabolized in a damaged liver. These products lead to altered neurotransmission with the resulting neurologic finding of altered affect, confusion, somnolence, or coma. Augmentation of the neurologic deficit occurs when the patient suffers additional metabolic insults. Treatment of the patient with hepatic encephalopathy requires careful monitoring and aggressive therapy for those factors known to precipitate encephalopathy, as well as treatment of the underlying hepatic process and encephalopathy. PMID- 3916783 TI - Cerebral vascular diseases. AB - Strokes remain an important cause of mortality and morbidity despite recent advances in neurologic intensive care. Although support of ventilation and circulation improves the outcome for stroke patients, the efficacy of cerebral resuscitative measures such as hyperventilation, osmotherapy, fluid restriction, steroids, intracranial pressure control, and barbiturates remains unproven. Current specific therapies (anticoagulation, surgery) are useful in carefully selected patients. New therapies now being researched include fluorocarbons, narcotic antagonists, and calcium blockers. PMID- 3916784 TI - Status epilepticus. AB - Status epilepticus represents a true medical emergency that can affect all age groups. Failure to adequately treat this problem can lead to potentially serious systemic and neurologic complications. Management strategies should include stabilization of the cardiovascular and respiratory status of the patient, use of anticonvulsants intravenously and in proper doses, search for a cause, and maintenance therapy. PMID- 3916785 TI - Intraoperative care of patients at risk of neurologic injury. AB - The pathophysiology of disease states that place the patient at risk are reviewed and specific management schemes are developed. Additionally, anesthetic drugs and adjuvants are discussed with regard to their use in patients at risk of neurologic injury. PMID- 3916786 TI - Brain death: physiologic definitions. AB - Brain death describes the clinical state of totally absent central nervous system function in a hemodynamically stable, normothermic, nonintoxicated patient, which is followed inevitably by cardiovascular collapse. This article outlines the evolution of the concept of brain death and its current definition and legal status. PMID- 3916787 TI - Defining death. Developments in recent law. AB - The authors trace the progress among courts, legislatures, and professional and advisory bodies toward the acceptance of legal standards that define death by reference to neurologic criteria. Competing legal formulations and medical proposals are examined, and those standards ultimately adopted in various jurisdictions are set forth. PMID- 3916788 TI - Regulation of myocardial function in health and critical illness. AB - The function of the human heart relies on the complex interplay of preload, afterload, and contractility. Alterations of all three variables occur in disease states. New developments in monitoring allow assessment of cardiac function at the bedside and contribute to patient care. PMID- 3916789 TI - Regulation of the peripheral vasculature and tissue oxygenation in health and disease. AB - The evidence has become convincing that in certain critical illnesses such as ARDS, there is pathologic disturbance in O2 delivery to the tissues. This disturbance is marked by an abnormal dependency of O2 uptake upon total O2 delivery. Although this has been attributed to mitochondrial dysfunction in the past, current belief is that such apparent dysfunction is secondary to derangement of the microcirculation that causes an impairment in tissue oxygenation. Microembolization and other disturbances in the local regulation of perfusion have been postulated to be responsible for this derangement. The net effect is to increase the diffusion pathway for oxygen from the tissue capillary. Our ability to deal conceptually with this kind of alteration in tissue oxygenation is dependent upon the mathematical model that is applied. We have discussed two generic models for tissue oxygenation to show the constraints imposed upon quantifying the effects of alteration in any single factor upon tissue PO2. The salient factor that has emerged is that creation of greater than normal heterogeneity in flow or its distribution in the peripheral microcirculation has the inevitable consequence of making tissue hypoxic. PMID- 3916790 TI - Pharmacologic principles of cardiovascular drug administration to the critically ill. AB - The critically ill patient presents a pharmaceutical dilemma, with the clinical condition often necessitating the administration of potent medications. The underlying disease process often includes or produces multi-system failure, which will subsequently alter the response to drugs, with the potential to further compromise the acutely ill patient. In summary, the interplay of patient and drug provides a challenge to the medical staff in the provision of effective pharmacotherapy. Several steps can be followed to facilitate the achievement of optimal drug therapy at minimal toxicity. These include the following. 1. Drug Choice. The agent to be administered must be assessed by the practitioner with respect to efficacy in the particular disease state. 2. Patient Variables. Patients must also be evaluated for the presence of factors such as cardiovascular compromise, renal or hepatic dysfunction, pulmonary disease, gastrointestinal integrity, and hypoalbuminemia, all of which are known to alter drug kinetics or dynamics. Concurrent drug therapy must be reviewed to identify those drugs with the potential to interact with the agent to be administered. 3. Dose of the Selected Agent. The dose of the drug must be altered commensurate with those diseases observed. In the presence of multiple organ involvement, further alterations in dosage may be required. 4. Route of Administration. The drug in the selected dose must be given by a route that will result in reliable blood concentrations. Intravenous therapy is usually the route of choice. 5. Monitoring of Therapy. Therapeutic endpoints of the individual agents must be clearly defined and will include variables such as control of arrhythmias, determination of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, and so forth. Dose-related toxicity serves as a warning sign of excessive drug doses. Patients must be monitored carefully to insure early detection of adverse effects and subsequent dose reduction by the practitioner. The monitoring of serum concentrations of drugs that possess a well defined therapeutic or toxic range is useful, if the limitations of this practice are remembered. Determinations of plasma concentration must be readily and routinely available to the practitioner to be useful in guiding dosage alterations, especially in emergency situations. The availability of this laboratory service is often a limiting factor. Additionally, standard methods of quantifying serum levels of drugs measure both free and bound drug together, providing one value. Changes in the pharmacologically active free fraction may therefore be undetected.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3916791 TI - Specific cardiovascular drugs utilized in the critically ill. AB - The ability to pharmacologically manipulate cardiovascular function is important in caring for critically ill patients. Catecholamines have been the primary agents used for this purpose. Opiate receptor antagonists, neuropeptides like glucagon, and prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors provide new pharmacologic possibilities for physicians in the critical care unit. The cardiovascular actions of these and other agents are reviewed and their potential clinical indications are listed. PMID- 3916793 TI - Clinical investigation of the cardiovascular system in the critically ill. Invasive techniques. AB - Invasive monitoring of the cardiovascular system is typically performed by systemic arterial and pulmonary artery catheterization. The indications for and the complications and clinical applications of invasive monitoring are reviewed. PMID- 3916792 TI - Noninvasive clinical investigation of the cardiovascular system in the critically ill. AB - An understanding of fundamental principles of various modes of noninvasive cardiovascular monitoring is important in the investigation and management of acute cardiac illnesses found in the critically ill. The clinical application of electrocardiography, radiology, echocardiography, and nuclear medicine will be discussed as it applies to investigation and management of the cardiovascular system in these patients. PMID- 3916794 TI - Myocardial infarction shock. AB - Shock syndrome results from severe depression of cardiac function due to loss of a large mass of functioning myocardium. The resulting hemodynamic abnormalities need to be monitored for appropriate therapy. PMID- 3916795 TI - The systemic septic response: multiple systems organ failure. AB - Sepsis, which is the host response to one or more microorganisms, is probably best understood within the concept of activator-mediator-responder. The various forms of metabolic support work in all three areas. The best treatment is still prevention. The mortality rate has progressively fallen and is now in the range of 35 to 40 per cent. Appropriate nutritional support seems to have been an important factor in this reduction in mortality. There are many new areas of research that need to be evaluated, and many of these areas are now directed at regulatory aspects of the metabolic response. PMID- 3916796 TI - Hypovolemic shock. AB - Hypovolemic shock is the most common form of shock seen clinically and has attracted the greatest laboratory interest. It is caused by a sudden decrease in the intravascular blood volume relative to the vascular capacity, to the extent that effective tissue perfusion cannot be maintained. The authors of this article discuss the pathophysiology of hypovolemic shock, the assessment of the patient in shock, the immunologic consequences of shock, impairment of cardiac function in hypovolemic shock, and the management of hypovolemic shock. PMID- 3916797 TI - Acute right heart failure. AB - The pathophysiology of acute right heart failure, determined largely from experimental animal studies, is outlined. The authors also discuss clinical settings in which acute right ventricular failure may occur and methods for assessing right ventricular function. A physiologic approach to the treatment of acute right heart failure in patients is provided. PMID- 3916798 TI - Blunt traumatic myocardial injury. AB - This article reviews the cardiac sequelae of blunt chest injury. Major cardiac injuries of blunt chest trauma involve damage to the myocardium, although pericardial disease, valvular heart disease, and coronary artery disease may result. Recognition of the various syndromes associated is discussed, and a synthesis of diagnostic and management strategies for speculation is provided. PMID- 3916799 TI - Pathophysiology and management of atrial and ventricular arrhythmias in the critically ill. AB - The general principles that apply to treatment of arrhythmias in the critically ill include, first, an immediate correction of arrhythmias that result in hemodynamic deterioration. This more frequently necessitates DC cardioversion, pacing, or intravenous therapy than is seen in an otherwise healthy patient. Second, having resuscitated the patient and treated the arrhythmia, the physician should be acutely aware of any precipitating factors, which should then be corrected in order to prevent recurrence of the arrhythmia. Third, the physician should also be aware of the potential proarrhythmic effects of his or her antiarrhythmic drug therapy and be prepared to withdraw therapy when it appears that the arrhythmia has worsened following drug treatment. In the future, new technologic developments, including improved defibrillation systems, intracardiac catheters for defibrillation, and automatic arrhythmia detectors using intravascular catheters, may aid in the diagnosis and treatment of recurrent arrhythmias in the critically ill. PMID- 3916800 TI - The influence of positive-pressure ventilation on cardiovascular function in the critically ill. AB - In this review, the various interactions between heart and lung that occur during positive-pressure ventilation are contrasted with spontaneous ventilation. Based on this analysis, appropriate ventilator management directed at optimizing oxygen delivery to the tissues can be employed in the treatment of the critically ill. PMID- 3916801 TI - Sleep apnea and related disorders in infants and children. AB - Interruption of normal ventilation during sleep may underlie a variety of disorders seen in infants and children and mounting evidence indicates a relationship between these episodes and later development of more serious physical problems. The anatomy and physiology of ventilation during sleep and the diagnosis and treatment of sleep- related disorders is discussed. Preliminary information on the prognosis for patients with these disorders is reviewed. PMID- 3916802 TI - Surgically correctible causes of respiratory distress in the neonate involving the mediastinum, thorax, and abdomen. AB - Surgically correctible causes of respiratory distress are seen infrequently, but the pediatrician and surgeon should know when surgical intervention is mandated. Surgically correctible conditions arising in the mediastinum, thorax, and abdomen are reviewed. PMID- 3916803 TI - Short-term effects of scaling and root planing on periodontitis in humans. PMID- 3916804 TI - Mitochondrial integrity and maltose utilization in yeast. AB - Strains of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae able to utilize maltose only in the presence of functional mitochondria have been described. Two such strains Z104-4B and Z109-1C were isolated as revertants from parental strains unable to utilize maltose. These strains are unique in the sense that although they produce inducible maltase for normal growth on maltose agar plates in the presence of functional mitochondria, they are very poor fermenters of maltose under anaerobic condition. Glycerol negative mutants isolated from these strains simultaneously lose the ability to utilize maltose. One of the manganese induced glycerol negative mit- mutants Z104-4B-Mn1, reverts concomitantly to growth on glycerol and maltose agar plates. On the basis of results presented in this paper, we propose the possibility of existence of two alternate mechanisms for maltose utilization in yeast. An oxidative mechanism for which mitochondrial functions are indispensable, and a fermentative pathway for which mitochondrial integrity is not required. PMID- 3916805 TI - Identification of the aciA gene controlled by the amdA regulatory gene in Aspergillus nidulans. AB - The amdA gene is one of a number of transacting regulatory genes controlling expression of the amdS gene in A. nidulans. A polypeptide of approximately 42,000 molecular weight has been found to be synthesized constitutively in amdA mutant strains and to be acetate inducible. A lambda clone containing a gene, called aciA, coding for this polypeptide has been isolated using differential screening with cDNA probes. Two acetate inducible RNA species have been identified by probing Northern blots with aciA containing probes. It is suggested that the amdA gene is a regulatory gene involved in acetate induction of aciA and amdS expression. The function of the aciA gene is not yet known. PMID- 3916807 TI - Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains sensitive to inorganic mercury. I. Effect of tyrosine. AB - From a cross of two strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, both of which had the same (wild type or normal) level of resistance to inorganic mercury, segregants having three distinguishable resistance levels, normal, sensitive and semi sensitive, were obtained. Genetic analyses of the parents and the progeny indicated that the levels of inorganic mercury sensitivity were determined by three distinct loci, HGS1, HGS2 and MSM1. The recessive allele of the HGS1 locus, hgs1-1, and the codominant allele of the HGS2 locus, HGS2-1, were necessary for the sensitive phenotypes, and alleles in the MSM1 locus, MSM1-1 and msm1-2, were responsible for the different sensitivity levels. In short, the strains of genotypes hgs1-1 HGS2-1 msm1-2 and hgs1-1 HGS2-1 MSM1-1 were sensitive and semi sensitive, respectively, while the strains of all other genotypes were normal. Although the hgs1-1 allele was identified as the aro7-1 mutation which confers deficiency of tyrosine and phenylalanine, mutations such as aro1B (deficiency of tyrosine, phenylalanine and tryptophan) and tyr1 (deficiency of tyrosine) had similar effects as aro7-1 on inorganic mercury sensitivity. From these results we conclude that the HGS2-1 allele causes inorganic mercury sensitivity when the cells are defective in the tyrosine biosynthesis. In fact, addition of tyrosine to the growth medium containing inorganic mercury resulted in increase of colony forming ability of the sensitive strains. PMID- 3916806 TI - Nuclear mutations affecting the stability of the mitochondrial genome in S. cerevisiae. AB - We have studied a pleiotropic mutation petD in S. cerevisiae which both confers the inability to grow on glycerol (Gly-) and greatly increases the frequency of cytoplasmic petites (Het). The first phenotype, Gly-, is recessive, whereas the second, Het, is dominant. Genetic and biochemical analysis showed that the majority of the petites in petD strains are not of the rho degree type (completely lacking mit-DNA), but of the rho- type (containing partially deleted mit-DNA). This finding and the fact that the phenotype Het is dominant argue in favour of the involvement of the petD product in the excision process of the mit DNA. Another nuclear mutation, mod, was shown to exhibit a dominant epistasy with respect to the Het phenotype of the mutation petD. Two types of Gly+ revertants from petD mutants were isolated: rpa revertants, which restore completely the wild-type phenotype, and rpb revertants, which restore only the growth on glycerol, but still allow the production of high frequencies of cytoplasmic petites. Thus the mutations mod and rpb permit the genetic uncoupling of two phenotypes induced by the mutation petD. PMID- 3916808 TI - Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains sensitive to inorganic mercury. II. Effect of glucose. AB - Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains sensitive to inorganic mercury (Ono and Sakamoto 1985) did not grow well on the medium rich in glucose and poor in peptone. This growth inhibition, like growth inhibition caused by inorganic mercury, was relieved by exogenous tyrosine. Sugars such as fructose and mannose were as inhibitory as glucose, but glycerol was not at all. Galactose was inhibitory but not so much as glucose. A gal2 mutation (defective in galactose uptake) partly relieved growth inhibition caused by excess galactose. Moreover, it was found that some of revertants which gained ability to grow well in the presence of excess glucose were defective in the glucose uptake. From these observations, we conclude that growth inhibition of the inorganic mercury sensitive strains by excess sugar is a consequence of the catabolite regulation. In other words, the inorganic mercury sensitive strains are hyper-sensitive to the catabolite regulation due to the presence of the HGS2-1 allele. PMID- 3916809 TI - Differences in the cytochrome P-450 enzymes of sterol C-14 demethylase mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - A number of nystatin-resistant strains of S. cerevisiae have been isolated which are defective in lanosterol C-14 demethylation, a reaction normally catalysed by cytochrome P-450. In this paper two of these strains have been compared and found to have differences in their reduced-CO difference spectra indicating different distortions in the enzyme molecule. Nystatin resistance in the C-14 demethylation deficient SG1 in shown to be determined by a single gene, and a sterol 5,6 desaturase defect does not appear to be required for viability of SG1, was reported for the C-14 demethylase deficient isolate JR4 by Taylor et al. (1983). There are at least two discernable mutant phenotypes for the yeast cytochrome P 450 structural gene which give a C-14 demethylase defect. PMID- 3916810 TI - Deletions in the cob gene of yeast mtDNA and their phenotypic effect. AB - Two cob- deletion mutants are characterized. One of them, M9410, is deleted for 911 bp of the noncoding sequences only which separate tRNAGlu and cob exon 1; it thus lacks most of the sequence encoding the 957 bp long cob leader (Bonitz et al. 1982) and some 20 bp 5' to it. The end points of this deletion coincide with 31 bp long direct repeats in wild type mtDNA. The other mutant, M9391, is deleted for all cob coding sequences and most of the cob leader sequence but it retains the 5' terminal 261 bp of this leader. Northern analysis revealed that M9410 totally lacks cob mRNA or pre-mRNA. The large deletion M9391 in contrast accumulates a 13S RNA which probably results from transcription through the junction, which ligates sequences of the cob leader to sequences of the cob-oli1 intergenic spacer. PMID- 3916811 TI - Student wearing of partial denture frameworks to teach removable prosthodontics. PMID- 3916812 TI - Application of functional monomers for dental use (Part-9). Syntheses of succinoxy methacrylates and their adhesion to polished and etched tooth surfaces. PMID- 3916813 TI - Influence of dentin on bonding of composite resin. Part 1. Effect of fresh dentin and storing conditions. PMID- 3916814 TI - Dental casting of superelastic Ni-Ti alloy. PMID- 3916815 TI - Fundamental study on porcelain-fused-to-metal high-temperature oxidation behavior of Sn and In in gold alloys under various oxygen partial pressures. PMID- 3916816 TI - Bond strength and marginal closure of newly developed adhesive cements. PMID- 3916817 TI - Adhesive behavior of the alloys "ALBABOND E" containing large percentage of Pd after various surface treatments. PMID- 3916818 TI - Clinical application of pure titanium crowns. PMID- 3916819 TI - Mechanism of distortion of precious alloy restoration at high temperatures (Part 2). Effect of addition of Fe, In and Sn on the deflection at high temperatures. PMID- 3916820 TI - A new method of deflasking the working casts using static splitting agent after curing. PMID- 3916821 TI - Focal fatty infiltration of the liver: diagnostic imaging. AB - The authors here describe a number of imaging features which together are distinctive and may be diagnostic of focal fatty infiltration of the liver. PMID- 3916822 TI - Ultrasonography of the rotator cuff. AB - The authors suggest that sonography may be the best screening study for the diagnosis of rotator cuff tears. PMID- 3916823 TI - Ultrasound mammography: effects of focal zone placement. AB - In order to avoid serious pitfalls in the diagnosis of breast masses by sonography, it is important to understand the effects of technical factors such as focal zone placement and time gain compensation. PMID- 3916824 TI - The retrospectoscope. Egas Moniz 1874-1955. PMID- 3916826 TI - Lupus band test: clinical applications. PMID- 3916825 TI - Lupus erythematosus. Historical perspectives. PMID- 3916828 TI - Lupus erythematosus panniculitis. PMID- 3916827 TI - Antinuclear and anticytoplasmic antibodies in lupus erythematosus. PMID- 3916829 TI - Cutaneous disease in systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 3916830 TI - Cutaneous vasculitis in the LE patient. PMID- 3916831 TI - [Recent advances concerning the origin of brain stem auditory evoked potentials]. PMID- 3916832 TI - Porphyria. Festschrift to Professor Lennox Eales. PMID- 3916833 TI - Porphyria. Introduction--historical background. PMID- 3916834 TI - Porphyrin-sensitized cutaneous photosensitivity: pathogenesis and treatment. PMID- 3916835 TI - Hematologic and hepatic manifestations of the cutaneous porphyrias. AB - This chapter has dealt with five photocutaneous forms of human porphyria. The forms are a diverse group of disorders with many different hematologic, hepatologic, and neurologic manifestations. In essence, most photocutaneous porphyrias occurring in childhood will relate to congenital erythropoietic porphyria or protoporphyria. The nature of the skin lesions and a study of the heme precursor profile in red cells, plasma, urine, and feces should easily distinguish these two conditions. CEP is a disease wherein photomutilation is a dominant concern and aggressive new approaches of therapy also have been discussed. In protoporphyria, the dermatologic problem is less severe and the dermatologist should be aware that a subset of patients could develop active liver disease that may lead to fatal cirrhosis. Novel approaches of therapy have been briefly alluded to. With regard to postpubertal photocutaneous porphyria, the classic porphyria cutanea tarda syndrome is associated with liver disease, usually alcoholic with siderosis, and the treatment by phlebotomy to reduce hepatic iron is highly effective. The potential danger of liver carcinoma has been discussed. In subsets of porphyria cutanea tarda, this can be an endemic disease relating to environmental factors, ie, ingestion of polyhalogenated hydrocarbons. The biochemical diagnosis can be attained by fairly straight forward solvent extraction analyses of urine and feces, showing the dominance of uroporphyrin excretion in the urine and coproporphyrin in the feces. Chromatographic techniques in plasma, bile, and feces reveal a PCT-specific porphyrin: isocoproporphyrin. Rare subtypes with hematologic manifestations, ie, hepatoerythropoietic porphyria and CEP, indicate the wide spectra of disorders that might be associated with a spontaneous deficiency of uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase activity. These latter syndromes are, however, rare. Two hereditary hepatic porphyrias, ie, autosomal dominantly inherited VP and HCP, have been briefly discussed. The hepatic lesion is metabolic, not morphologic, and its expression by the liver relates to its adaptive response to induction of microsomal hemoproteins by a variety of exogeneous and endogeneous compounds, eg, drugs and hormones. Photocutaneous lesions of HCP and VP are identical to PCT, the latter having no neurologic sequelae. In the former two, however, exposure of persons to drugs, such as the hydantoins and barbiturates, can lead to potentially fatal acute porphyric attacks.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3916836 TI - Double-blind study with liposteroid in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - A multicentre double-blind comparative trial was performed in 138 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) after biweekly intravenous or intramuscular injections of liposteroid (containing 2.5 mg of dexamethasone), which had been developed as a drug for targeting therapy of RA, and Decadron (containing 3.3 mg of dexamethasone) as a reference drug. The results showed a tendency to a significantly higher rate of improvement with lower frequency of side-effects in the liposteroid group than in the Decadron group. This study indicates that liposteroid is more useful for RA and that the separation of the efficacy and side-effects of steroids could be clinically confirmed to some extent. PMID- 3916837 TI - Effect of ketanserin on Raynaud's phenomenon in progressive systemic sclerosis: a double-blind trial. AB - Ketanserin was used in a randomized double-blind trial in 15 patients with Raynaud's phenomenon in progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS). Its effect on Raynaud's phenomenon was evaluated by IR-radiometry, Doppler ultrasound, nailfold capillaroscopy, frequency of finger ulcerations and patient complaints before and after a 3-month course of treatment with oral ketanserin in the dosage of 60 mg daily in the first month and 120 mg in the second and third months. Of the 8 patients treated with ketanserin, 5 showed improvement. In the other 2 patients with progression of skin sclerosis and multiorgan involvement, the peripheral vascular disorder was unchanged. Ketanserin treatment was discontinued in one patient owing to dizziness and anxiety. In one patient ketanserin was reduced to 60 mg daily because of fluid retention. There were no other adverse effects. In 7 control patients on placebo there was no significant improvement in Raynaud's phenomenon. Ketanserin, a selective, specific and pure antagonist of 5 hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) appears to be an effective agent in the treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon and digital ischaemic ulcers in PSS. Moreover, ketanserin could contribute to the understanding of the role of 5-hydroxytryptamine in PSS pathogenesis. PMID- 3916838 TI - Attempt to treat acute type B hepatitis with an orally administered thymic extract (thymomodulin): preliminary results. AB - A double-blind trial with thymomodulin (TM) was performed in a consecutive series of 50 inpatients affected with acute type B hepatitis. Twenty-six randomly selected patients received TM (Leucotrofina, Ellem), 1 ampoule b.i.d. per os for 30 days, and 24 patients received the same amount of placebo for the same period. TM-treated patients showed accelerated AST and ALT decrease and an earlier HBsAg clearance. However, only the difference in ALT decrease was statistically significant in comparison with the controls (p less than 0.02). Before the treatment was started, lymphocyte subsets, as determined by monoclonal antibodies, showed a different pattern in the two groups despite strict randomization. Nevertheless, by the end of the trial, mean T4+/T8+ ratios were increased in the treated group, but remained unchanged in the control group. The trends in the two groups were significantly different (p less than 0.005). Further information is expected from a long-term follow-up. PMID- 3916839 TI - Neonatal polygraphy in full-term and premature infants: a review of normal and abnormal findings. PMID- 3916840 TI - Cortical potentials associated with movement: a review. AB - Cortical potentials both preceding and following movement have been studied now for 20 years, since the advent of efficient averaging techniques. They have shed light on the physiology of movement initiation, have provided some insight into certain disease states, and may help our understanding of movement disorders in the future. The pertinent literature is reviewed. PMID- 3916841 TI - Magnetoencephalography. AB - Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is the recording of magnetic fields generated by the brain. Since 1968, when the first observations of alpha rhythm were made, there have been occasional reports of neuromagnetic measurement. It was not until a few years ago, however, that a rather abrupt explosion of neuromagnetic investigation occurred. Most work has been done in the area of evoked magnetic responses. Magnetic measurement of spontaneous cerebral activity has been scanty, but the recent application of MEG for localizing epileptic foci has brought about renewed interest in the method. The claim that MEG can provide three-dimensional information suggests that this technique may replace depth recording. It has not been proved, however, that MEG is superior to EEG in localizing a current source. Whether MEG will supplement or replace EEG is still an open question. Because its usefulness is yet to be demonstrated realistically, continuous endeavor in this field is appropriate. PMID- 3916842 TI - The normal EEG of the human newborn. AB - In the early premature, the EEG is mostly discontinuous. Discontinuity becomes limited to quiet sleep periods by the 36th week of conceptional age (CA). Temporal theta bursts, or the "sawtooth" pattern, come and go between 27 and 32 weeks' CA. Delta brushes attain their maximum about 32 to 34 weeks' CA and disappear about 40 to 44 weeks' CA. Frontal sharp transients have their peak occurrence at 35 or 36 weeks' CA and are still present at 44 to 48 weeks' CA. The background activity is essentially symmetric but transient patterns are less symmetric and frequently asynchronous. Lack of variability in the record is abnormal after 34 weeks' CA. Responses to isolated light flashes are prominent from very early prematurity through full-term. On the other hand, photic driving is frequent in early prematures (29-32 weeks' CA), but it then declines and is difficult to detect in the full-term neonate. Nonspecific responses to stimulation occur from early prematurity. Sleep--waking cycles are clearly discernible about 37 weeks' CA. Active sleep (rapid eye movement) goes from 60% at 34 weeks' CA to the 25% of adulthood at about 8 months of age. The EEG of the full-term newborn has four patterns, corresponding to three states: the low voltage irregular for wakefulness, high voltage slow and trace alternant for quiet sleep, and the mixed for either wakefulness or active sleep. PMID- 3916843 TI - Intensive monitoring in the epileptic child. AB - Techniques for intensively monitoring epileptic seizures are being increasingly applied to childhood seizure problems. This article reviews the salient features of the past and present monitoring methodologies and discusses their relevance for studying the pediatric age group. Clinical applications of intensive monitoring presently include differential diagnosis and characterization of attacks, topographic localization of paroxysmal discharges, spike frequency studies, therapeutic re-evaluation, and neuropsychological testing. Petit mal, infantile spasms, and pseudoseizure disorders have been studied in greatest detail. The particular problems associated with studies of infants and children are noted. To date, intensive monitoring has primarily been carried out in adult populations. However, pediatric applications are likely to become more prevalent as monitoring studies continue to demonstrate that new information can be generated that would otherwise be unobtainable by conventional recording techniques. PMID- 3916844 TI - Applications of intensive monitoring in epilepsy. AB - Intensive monitoring may be required in the diagnostic evaluation and therapeutic management of patients with intractable epilepsy. This article discusses the indications for intensive monitoring, including the differential diagnosis of seizures, their characterization and classification, the quantitative evaluation of therapy, critical appraisal of medical therapy, and evaluation for surgical therapy. The advantages and disadvantages of the available monitoring modalities are reviewed for each indication. By recognizing which patients could benefit from intensive monitoring and by selecting the appropriate monitoring modality, the physician helps to assure the correct diagnosis and optimal therapy of epilepsy. PMID- 3916845 TI - Automatic recognition and characterization of epileptiform discharges in the human EEG. AB - Methods proposed for the automatic identification and quantification of epileptiform EEG activity are reviewed, and the potential role of this technology in clinical electroencephalography is assessed. Techniques developed for the detection of spikes, sharp waves, and spike and wave complexes are described. Emphasis is placed on the problems associated with artifact rejection and the need for establishing context-based decision-making processes. PMID- 3916846 TI - Practical use of computer-assisted EEG interpretation in epilepsy. AB - Computer methods can automatically recognize interictal spikes and seizures quite reliably, but they still make a large number of false detections because of physiological or artifactual nonepileptiform transients. In the context of long term monitoring, these methods can be used efficiently and safely despite their imperfection. They allow considerable data reduction, by selecting epileptiform activity and discarding the largest part of the recording. In addition to data reduction, computer methods can be useful in refining the analysis of epileptic seizures, revealing information not available from visual inspection of the paper tracing. Recent technological advances make these applications affordable in a clinical EEG laboratory. PMID- 3916847 TI - Methods of analysis of nonstationary EEGs, with emphasis on segmentation techniques: a comparative review. AB - Methods for analysis of nonstationary EEGs, that is, EEGs whose patterns undergo changes with time (e.g., alpha blocking, paroxysmal slow waves, onset of drowsiness/sleep, but excluding spikes/sharp waves) are reviewed. The concepts of stationarity and nonstationarity, and general techniques for their evaluation, are discussed. Simpler methods for monitoring for nonstationarity include running determinations of average amplitude and average period or interval. Piecewise stationary analysis includes characterization, by spectra obtained by fast Fourier transform or by autoregressive modeling, of sections of EEGs preselected to be stationary. In Kalman filtering, the autoregressive model itself becomes time-varying. Segmentation of the EEG into stationary lengths can be carried out on a fixed-interval basis (i.e., of successive, e.g., 1-s intervals), with clustering (grouping) or classification according to the features (e.g., spectra) of each interval, and concatenation of adjacent similar intervals. Alternatively, in adaptive (variable-interval) segmentation, the EEG is continuously monitored automatically for any significant departure from stationarity, and segment boundaries are placed accordingly. A number of applications of the various methods are included, with examples of succinct summary displays. Problems and prospects are discussed. PMID- 3916848 TI - A synopsis of recent developments in antiglaucoma drugs. AB - Open-angle glaucoma is treated primarily with drugs, some of which have been used clinically for years. These drugs include: 1) cholinergic agonists that increase aqueous humor outflow, 2) adrenergic agonists and antagonist that affect both aqueous humor formation and outflow, and 3) carbonic anhydrase inhibitors that decrease aqueous humor formation. Several new classes of drugs are being tested for efficacy and mechanism of action. They include: 1) the D-isomer of timolol that reduces aqueous humor formation without producing adrenergic blockade, 2) dopaminergic agonists and antagonists, including bromocriptine and butyrophenones that reduce intraocular pressure, and 3) cannabinoids that reduce aqueous humor formation and increase outflow. In addition, several other types of drugs, such as prostaglandins, diuretics, Na+,K+-ATPase inhibitors, and adenyl cyclase stimulators are just now beginning to be studied. PMID- 3916849 TI - Cholinergic systems and multiple cholinergic receptors in ocular tissues. AB - Acetylcholine (ACh), choline acetyltransferases and cholinesterases occur in cornea, iris-ciliary body complex and retina of several vertebrates. In cornea, ACh may serve as a sensory transmitter as well as a local hormone, the function of which is not delineated. The function of ACh as the parasympathetic neurotransmitter at the iris and ciliary body is well established. The muscarinic receptors on the iris smooth muscle are similar to the muscarinic receptors (M2 type in two way classification) at other smooth muscles towards their interaction with agonists and antagonists. Binding studies using radiolabeled antagonists and their displacement by agonists indicate that muscarinic receptors in membranes of iris-ciliary body complex are heterogeneous indicating more than one subtype of muscarinic receptors. A subtype other than M2 receptors may occur at the presynaptic sites of parasympathetic nerves, which have yet to be investigated using specific agonists and antagonists. Cholinergic markers, choline acetyltransferase and acetylcholinesterase, differ quantitatively and qualitatively in retinas of different species. However, amacrine cells are cholinergic in all vertebrate species. Although they make up 1% of retinal neurons, they influence the activity of a majority of ganglion cells. Cholinergic effects in ganglia are mediated through nicotinic and muscarinic receptors. Both of these types of cholinergic receptors are heterogeneous. They have yet to be investigated for their subtypes using specific agonists and antagonists. Although the role of cholinergic retinal neurons in the processing of visual information is not known, their input to ganglion cells generally increases the rate of spontaneous activity or the number of action potentials in light-evoked responses. Thus, the cholinergic input seems to modify the overall neuronal input to the ganglion cells from the receptive fields. Endothelial cells of blood vessels contain muscarinic receptors, which are activated by ACh to cause relaxation. Although retinal blood vessels provide recognizable characteristic signs in diabetes mellitus and hypertensive disease, no information is available on the muscarinic receptors of these vessels. PMID- 3916850 TI - Interaction of timolol and caffeine on intraocular pressure. AB - The clinical interaction of 0.5% timolol maleate and 400 mg of oral caffeine on the intraocular pressure of 20 normotensive volunteers was studied. Caffeine administration did not significantly alter the reduction in intraocular pressure in timolol treated eyes. An antagonism, however, was observed in the fellow timolol untreated eyes with caffeine. The crossover reduction in intraocular pressure noted in the control group was significantly depressed in the caffeine group. A proposed mechanism for these observations is discussed. PMID- 3916851 TI - Corneal penetration and ocular bioavailability of drugs. AB - This article reviews the objectives which must be considered in producing optimal formulations for topical ophthalmic use. The effects of preservatives, vehicles, and adjunct agents are described. Anatomical considerations which impact bioavailability of the drug at the desired target site are discussed in detail. Model systems that can aid in determining the best formulations for preclinical and clinical testing are also reviewed. The long term objective of this review is the development of formulations for optimal efficacy and safety, considering all the requirements of the patient. PMID- 3916852 TI - Vascularized bone transfer: evaluation of viability by postoperative bone scan. AB - Postoperative assessment of the viability of vascularized bone transfer was done in 23 patients by using radionuclide imaging within the first postoperative week. Follow-up ranged from six to 45 months. The results of bone scans in the region of the vascularized bone transfer were positive in 16 patients. Of these, over 60 percent went on to uncomplicated union and a successful clinical outcome, with no frank failures. The results of scans were negative or equivocal in seven patients. Only 1 of these went on to uncomplicated healing and two cases (almost 30 percent) resulted in frank failure, necessitating removal of the transferred bone. Radionuclide imaging in the first postoperative week after vascularized bone transfer appears to be a useful monitor and prognostic indicator of the subsequent clinical course. PMID- 3916853 TI - [The etiology of cancer: from mouse to man. A 25-year experience in virological and immunological studies of experimental oncology]. PMID- 3916854 TI - [Nobel Prize in medicine, 1984]. PMID- 3916855 TI - The value of Tc-DTPA transit times and NMR T1 measurements in monitoring the progress of renal transplants. AB - The value of 99Tcm-DPTA transit times and NMR T1 measurements in monitoring the progress of renal transplants has been investigated. Renal transit times were calculated from 182 renograms performed on 29 patients and from 22 of these patients 67 proton spin-lattice relaxation time (T1) measurements were obtained using the Aberdeen Mk 2 NMR Imager. The clinical status of each patient at the time of investigation was defined in retrospect. The principal value of the mean transit time (MTT) was in differentiating between acute rejection and other causes of raised plasma creatinine. During a rejection episode the MTT is raised out of the normal range of 227 +/- 26 s but with chronic rejection or other causes of raised plasma creatinine the MTT remains within normal limits. NMR T1 values appeared to be of little diagnostic value as the normal range was found to be very wide ranging from 340 to 640 ms. PMID- 3916856 TI - Value of hepatobiliary scintigraphy and ultrasonography in the differential diagnosis of jaundice. AB - In order to compare the reliability of hepatobiliary scintigraphy using DISIDA (DHS) and ultrasonography (US) in the diagnosis of obstructive jaundice, 36 consecutive patients clinically suspected for obstruction were examined with both methods. Sixteen patients who were definitively shown to have obstruction, were all correctly detected with DHS; US was positive in 15 cases, revealing the cause of the obstruction in four cases. The site of obstruction was predicted in eight cases by DHS and in 11 cases by US. Associated gallbladder diseases were evaluated better by US than by DHS, but a perforation was only demonstrated clearly by DHS. In the 20 patients with nonobstructive disease the false positive results were found in one case using DHS and in two cases using US. In this series of patients DHS and US showed high sensitivity and specificity, which were further increased when the two techniques were combined. PMID- 3916857 TI - The yeast ARS element, six years on: a progress report. PMID- 3916858 TI - Partial restoration of meiosis in an apomictic strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: a model system for investigation of nucleomitochondrial interactions during sporulation. AB - In an apomictic strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ATCC 4117-H2) which undergoes a single nuclear division during sporulation and consequently forms asci containing two uninucleate diploid spores, a study was undertaken to investigate the effects of cultivation in three presporulation media (YPA; YNB; SMM) on nuclear division and ascosporogenesis in sporulation medium. Comparison of effects of presporulation culture in these media on the number of spores formed per ascus showed that a marked induction (30 +/- 4.3 per cent) of three- and four spored asci could occur in sporulation medium following cultivation in a defined YNB medium supplemented with a 1 per cent solution of vitamins and containing decreased ammonium sulphate and increased glucose levels. Experiments in which the concentrations of glucose and of ammonium sulphate were varied simultaneously indicated that the initial presporulation carbon to nitrogen source ratio is an important factor in determining tetrad formation in sporulation medium. Nuclear staining demonstrated two classes of asci: binucleate (one- and two-spored) and tetranucleate (three- and four-spored). Genetic evidence and data concerning effects of inclusion in sporulation medium of a meiotic inhibitor (glucose) indicated spores in tetrads were haploid rather than diploid. This ability to condition a significant number of cells for meiotic rather than apomictic differentiation made possible investigation of effects of mitochondrial inhibitors on both developmental processes simultaneously. It was found possible to selectively inhibit meiotic development by inclusion in sporulation medium of appropriate concentrations of specific inhibitors. Moreover, the data suggest meiotic sporulation is more strictly dependent than apomictic sporulation on mitochondrial function. PMID- 3916859 TI - Expression of the Drosophila 70,000 Dalton heat shock protein is translationally controlled in yeast. AB - Plasmid pPW229, containing the 2.25 kilobase transcribed sequence for the 70,000 Dalton heat shock protein of Drosophila, was integrated into plasmid CV13 and used to transform Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Upon a heat shock, at 41 degrees C for 20 min, a new 70,000 Dalton protein appeared in the transformants. This protein was not detected in transformants grown at 23 degrees C, nor in transformants carrying the hybrid plasmid from which the structural gene for the 70,000 Dalton protein had been deleted. RNA was isolated from transformants grown at 23 degrees C and from transformants heat shocked at 41 degrees C. RNA complementary to the Drosophila heat shock gene was present in the transformants, grown either at 23 degrees C or heat shocked. No complementary RNA was detected in yeast cells transformed with the hybrid plasmid from which the structural gene had been deleted. The Drosophila heat shock gene in yeast appears to be transcribed constitutively but translated only under heat shock conditions. PMID- 3916860 TI - On the mechanism of exclusion of M2 double-stranded RNA by L-A-E double-stranded RNA in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - L-A-E double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), when introduced into cells carrying L-A-H and M2 dsRNAs, does not eliminate the L-A-H dsRNA, but (i) L-A-E does lower the copy number of L-A-H dramatically and (ii) L-A-E eliminates M2 dsRNA from the cell. That these two effects of L-A-E are related is shown by the fact that mutants of a strain carrying L-A-H and M2 selected for their resistance to exclusion of M2 by L-A-E [effect (ii)] have an altered L-A-H whose copy number is not lowered by L-A-E [effect (i)]. Although the L-A in K1 strains (L-A-HN in all cases examined) differs significantly both genetically and physically from the L-A in the K2 strain studied (L-A-H), the L-A-HN from the K1 strains can maintain M2 dsRNA, and the L-A-H from the K2 strains can maintain M1 dsRNA. PMID- 3916861 TI - Proteinases, proteolysis and biological control in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PMID- 3916862 TI - The PET18 locus of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: a complex locus containing multiple genes. AB - The basis of pleiotropy shown by the pet18 mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (rho-0,KIL-0 and temperature sensitive growth) was examined by cloning the fragment which complements the defect in growth at 37 degrees C of the pet18 mutants. The cloned DNA could complement the defect in the maintenance of the killer plasmid but did not give the cell the ability to maintain mitochondrial DNA. Sequence analysis of the cloned DNA revealed the presence of four open reading frames, at least two of which are necessary for the complementation activity. By using the cloned DNA as a probe, we found that two independent pet18 mutants have a deletion covering the entire sequence contained in the probe. From these results we predict that the traits of the pet18 mutants that concern temperature sensitivity and killer of the pet18 mutants are controlled by a separate gene(s) from that which participates in the maintenance of mitochondrial DNA. PMID- 3916863 TI - Vector systems for the expression, analysis and cloning of DNA sequences in S. cerevisiae. PMID- 3916864 TI - [Mooren's ulcer treatment with conjunctivo-scleral excision and lamellar scleral keratoplasty]. PMID- 3916865 TI - [A- and B-scan in diagnosis of retinoblastoma--a preliminary analysis of ultrasonic examination in 113 patients]. PMID- 3916866 TI - Pathophysiology of uveitis and therapeutic intervention. PMID- 3916867 TI - [Changes in indications for keratoplasty]. PMID- 3916868 TI - [Our results in the treatment of infiltrating carcinoma of the cervix]. AB - The authors analyze the past history, evolution and results of therapy in 71 cases of invasive cervical carcinoma seen between 1980 and 1984. They are comparable to those published in the world literature. PMID- 3916869 TI - [Etiology and epidemiology of cancer]. PMID- 3916870 TI - Insecticide formulations--types and uses: a review. AB - This review paper contains a brief discussion of the composition, preparation and use of the various types of insecticide formulations and is presented as an aid to persons presently engaged in mosquito control. A glossary of common formulation has also been added for the benefit of those persons not familiar with the vocabulary. PMID- 3916871 TI - The 1985 memorial lecture honoree. Thomas J. Headlee, 1877-1946. PMID- 3916872 TI - Issue dedicated to Thomas D. Mulhern. PMID- 3916873 TI - New Jersey mechanical trap for mosquito surveys. 1942. PMID- 3916874 TI - Jean K. Miller. President, Medical Library Association 1985/86. PMID- 3916875 TI - Transition metals potentiate paraquat toxicity. AB - The involvement of transition metal ions in paraquat toxicity was studied in bacterial model system. We show that the addition of micromolar, or lower, concentrations of copper dramatically enhanced the rate of bacterial inactivation. In contrast, the addition of chelating agents totally eliminated the killing of E. coli. No inactivation was observed under anaerobic exposure to paraquat, both in the absence and presence of copper. However, in the presence of copper, the anaerobic addition of hydrogen peroxide resulted in complete restoration of inactivation as under aerobiosis. Paraquat either produces superoxide ions or directly reduces bound copper ions in a catalytic mode. The reduced cuprous complexes react with hydrogen peroxide to locally form hydroxyl radicals (OH.) which are probably responsible for the deleterious effects. This study indicates the involvement of a site-specific metal-mediated Haber-Weiss mechanism in paraquat toxicity. It is in agreement with earlier observations that copper unusually enhance biological damage induced by either superoxide or ascorbate. PMID- 3916876 TI - [Management of an inquiry on a collective endemic poisoning]. PMID- 3916877 TI - [Behavioral changes in workers exposed to organic solvents]. PMID- 3916878 TI - [Arterial hypertension in pregnancy]. PMID- 3916879 TI - [3-year trial of preventing recurrence of peptic ulcer with ranitidine]. PMID- 3916880 TI - [Effect of naloxone on plasma renin activity and aldosteronemia in patients with chronic renal failure]. PMID- 3916881 TI - [Exercise tests in ischemic heart disease. I. Factors affecting the sensitivity and specificity of exercise tests]. PMID- 3916882 TI - [Exercise tests in ischemic heart disease. II. Use of the exercise test in the diagnosis and clinical evaluation of ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 3916883 TI - [Granulocyte defects in atopic asthma]. PMID- 3916884 TI - [The sympathetico-adrenal system in functional disorders of various endocrine glands]. PMID- 3916885 TI - [Dimensional changes in metaloceramic prostheses of precious and non-precious alloys, as a function of the number of firings]. PMID- 3916886 TI - [Dimensional changes in dies as a function of the impression technic and the time before pouring]. PMID- 3916887 TI - [Median mandibular cysts: a critical review]. PMID- 3916888 TI - [Scintigraphic examinations used in the diagnosis of diseases of the digestive system]. PMID- 3916889 TI - Nucleic acid and protein sequence databases. AB - Nucleic acid and protein sequences contain a wealth of information of interest to molecular biologists. The advent of molecular sequence databases provides a unique opportunity for the computer analysis of all available sequences. Sequence databases serve two main functions: (i) to facilitate comparisons with newly determined sequences, and (ii) to act as a source of data for the generation and testing of hypotheses concerning molecular sequence organisation and evolution. The large amounts of sequence data now becoming available require that algorithms for database searching be fast and efficient and considerable progress is being made in this area. PMID- 3916890 TI - Microcomputer assisted identification of Bacillus species. AB - A microcomputer based system for the identification of unknown isolates of Bacillus species is described. The identification matrix includes 78 test probabilities for 38 recognised species and other groups in the genus Bacillus and it is based on the work of Logan and Berkeley (1984). Morphological characters together with the results of tests using API 20E and API 50CHB, read after 24 and 48 h incubation, are used to obtain a probabilistic identification of an unknown aerobic endospore forming rod. Any differences between the observed and expected results for any identified organism are listed. Identification can be attempted on the basis of a limited set of test results, although this is rarely if ever done with this largely API based system, and if the unknown cannot be successfully identified then a set of additional tests can be selected which should permit identification. The computer system can store and recall test results entered for any isolate. This feature allows the accumulation of data on isolates which could be used to update the identification matrix in future taxonomic studies. PMID- 3916891 TI - Computer-based learning of cooperativity and allostery. AB - The aim of this article is to facilitate the understanding of enzyme cooperativity and allostery by undergraduate and postgraduate students with the aid of a graphic microcomputer. For this purpose the molecular models of Monod Wyman-Changeux (MWC) and of Koshland-Nemethy-Filmer (KNF) are tested by showing how the different plots, direct, reciprocal, Scatchard and Hill, vary as do the parameters considered in these models. The programs used (one for each model) progress from easy aspects to complicated ones without the intervention of the user (student). Nevertheless, ultimately, with the MWC model, after the introduction of heterotropic effectors, the users can select the parameters in order to further their knowledge. This can be useful also for testing the kinetic behavior of multisubunit enzymes which present cooperativity and which have been extensively described in the literature. PMID- 3916892 TI - Microcomputers and neurobiology: a short review. AB - A brief history of the application of computing techniques emphasizes the two part development with expensive minicomputers available in a few laboratories being added to by inexpensive microcomputers ubiquitously available. Computers are used for microscope control and plotting, serial section reconstruction, morphometric measurement, stereology, video image analysis, photometry and fluorescence microscopy. Basic principles are exemplified by considering nerve cell reconstruction. General principles of computerized electrical measurement including filtering, averaging and stimulus generation are discussed. Computerized waveform selection as used for spike discrimination, when considered along with computer control of electrode position and the growing availability of multichannel recording arrays, suggests a possible advance in automatic analyses. With the ability to process more complex waveforms successfully, electrophysiological data such as compound extracellular potentials may usefully replace the cleaner, but more limited intracellular data. Success with multichannel feedback controlled stimulators making paraplegics stand and walk point to a developing application with much potential. PMID- 3916893 TI - [Anthracycline drugs]. PMID- 3916894 TI - [Inhibitors of proteolysis in the pathogenesis and clinical course of acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 3916895 TI - [ AIDS--clinical picture and views on the mechanisms of pathogenesis]. PMID- 3916896 TI - [Reye's syndrome--clinical and diagnostic aspects]. PMID- 3916897 TI - [Mucormycosis of nasal sinuses in a patient after kidney transplantation]. PMID- 3916898 TI - [Platelet inhibitors and their mechanism of action]. PMID- 3916899 TI - Current therapy of acute bacterial meningitis in children: Part I. AB - The therapy of acute bacterial meningitis is changing rapidly because of the introduction of new antimicrobial agents and new techniques of vital function support. Proper spinal fluid examination, anticonvulsant drug administration, management of increased intracranial pressure, and correct choice of antibiotics are essential to achieve optimal therapy. PMID- 3916900 TI - Electrocardiographic abnormalities in pediatric neuromuscular disease: a review. AB - Cardiac abnormalities, often heralded by electrocardiographic alterations, at times may become a serious problem in patients with neuromuscular disorders and occasionally lead to death. Electrocardiographic monitoring can identify patients whose conduction defects will benefit from the use of demand pacemakers. PMID- 3916901 TI - The role of neurologists in pediatric neuro-oncology. AB - Because of advances in the diagnosis and management of brain tumors, the opportunity for neurologists to participate in the care of children with central nervous system neoplasms has greatly increased. Data developed by various study groups has allowed a more systematic approach to childhood brain tumors. Much more information will become available. New data must be reviewed and recommendations for therapy made by individuals with clinical neuroscience experience and training. The training needs of such individuals must be met in neurology training programs. PMID- 3916902 TI - The inherited ataxias. AB - Clinical, biochemical, and genetic studies have brought clarity to many issues concerning the inherited ataxias. The classification, diagnosis, and therapy of hereditary ataxias are now better understood although many questions remain. Basic defects are identified in some disorders. PMID- 3916903 TI - Myoadenylate deaminase deficiency in children. AB - Myoadenylate deaminase (MADA) is an enzyme which participates in the purine nucleotide cycle necessary for energy production in human skeletal muscle. Approximately 35 patients with deficiency of this enzyme have been reported; one half experienced their initial difficulties in childhood. Children with "primary" MADA deficiency typically have symptoms including muscle cramps, stiffness, and post-exercise myalgia and weakness. In "secondary" MADA deficiency, the clinical findings have been variable with delayed motor development, hypotonia, cardiomyopathy, delayed speech development, and generalized weakness. In most cases creatine kinase determinations, nerve conduction velocity studies, and routine muscle histopathology have been normal. Diagnosis has been established by demonstrating an absence of MADA activity by either direct muscle enzyme assay or histochemical staining. In this report we describe a 12-year-old boy with primary MADA deficiency and contrast his symptoms with those of previously described pediatric patients. PMID- 3916904 TI - Current therapy of acute bacterial meningitis in children: Part II. AB - Despite many advances in the past decade in the development of new antimicrobials, acute bacterial meningitis continues to have significant morbidity and mortality in infants and children. Regardless of the effectiveness of the antibiotic preparations, future improvements in outcome is most likely to occur because of more rapid diagnosis and initiation of therapy. The standard penicillins, chloramphenicol, and the aminoglycosides continue to hold an important place in treatment. The recent introduction of new extended spectrum penicillins, including piperacillin and mezlocillin, in addition to the development of the third generation cephalosporins, have expanded alternatives for treating bacterial meningitis. The most appropriate and effective antibiotic or combination of antibiotics must first be selected; thereafter, its use must be monitore to identify its beneficial effects as well as possible adverse effects. PMID- 3916905 TI - Management of generalized seizures in childhood. AB - The management of generalized seizures, the most common in childhood, depends upon accurate diagnosis, choice of appropriate antiepileptic drug, and attention to detail in the choice of diagnostic and therapeutic modalities. Most patients with generalized seizures can achieve control but the long-term prognosis may be less favorable than is widely believed. PMID- 3916906 TI - The moyamoya syndrome associated with irradiation of an optic glioma in children: report of two cases and review of the literature. AB - We report two cases of the moyamoya syndrome which became clinically apparent after irradiation of an optic glioma during childhood. A summary of 14 cases of this syndrome following irradiation of intracranial tumors is also presented. Nine of these cases were optic gliomas; five were found in children with neurofibromatosis, another disorder that has a strong association with the moyamoya syndrome. The effectiveness of irradiation of optic gliomas in childhood is not definitely established. The possibility of inducing serious vascular disease is a further reason for caution when considering irradiating these tumors. PMID- 3916907 TI - Lactic acidosis in childhood: Part I. AB - Lactic acidosis accompanies many acquired and inherited metabolic diseases. The role of lactic acid in anaerobic glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and acid-base balance is key to the understanding of these disorders. Because lactic acid can be formed only from pyruvic acid, disorders which increase pyruvate production, inhibit its catabolism, or shift the equilibrium toward lactic acid formation cause lactic acidosis. Lactic acidosis results from systemic diseases and toxins which produce tissue hypoxia or mitochondrial injury. Abnormalities of other metabolites such as glucose, pyruvate, amino acids, and organic acids may provide clues to inborn metabolic errors. Treatment must first be directed toward removing precipitating causes of the acquired disorders and then toward correcting the acidosis and other metabolic complications such as hypoglycemia. Some of the inborn errors respond to specific therapies. PMID- 3916909 TI - [Computers in ophthalmology]. PMID- 3916908 TI - Bobble-head doll syndrome: review of the pathophysiology and CSF dynamics. AB - The bobble-head doll syndrome is a rare movement disorder; fewer than 40 cases have been reported. It is usually associated with cystic abnormalities in the region of the anterior third ventricle. Various physiologic mechanisms have been proposed but none of them has been substantiated. We report a patient with this syndrome produced by a suprasellar arachnoid cyst. The CSF dynamics were investigated with CT cisternography. The phenomenon was apparently the result of intermittent obstruction at the foramina of Monro, a feature which has not previously been reported in this condition. The head movement served to partially relieve intraventricular obstruction, by both a posterior displacement of the cyst away from the foramina of Monro and a reduction in cyst size. This finding supports the concept that the bobble-head syndrome may be a "learned" behavior which lessens the symptomatology of hydrocephalus related to foramina of Monro obstruction. PMID- 3916910 TI - Interaction of mouse submaxillary gland renin with a statine-containing, subnanomolar, competitive inhibitor. AB - The interaction between mouse submaxillary gland renin and a statine-containing, iodinated substrate analog inhibitor was studied. The compound, 1 (Boc-His-Pro Phe-(4-iodo)-Phe-Sta-Leu-Phe-NH2, Sta = (3S,4S)-4-amino-3-hydroxy-6-methyl heptanoic acid), a statine-containing analog of the renin substrate octapeptide, was a competitive inhibitor of cleavage of synthetic tetradecapeptide renin substrate by mouse submaxillary gland renin, with a Ki of 6.2 x 10(-10) M (pH 7.2, 37 degrees C). Titration of the partial quenching of the tryptophan fluorescence of the enzyme by 1 revealed tight binding with a dissociation constant less than 3 nM and a binding stoichiometry of one mole 1 per mole enzyme. The time course of tight binding of 1 to mouse renin appeared to be fast, with kON greater than or equal to 1.3 x 10(6) s-1 M-1. The UV difference spectrum generated upon binding of 1 to mouse renin had two prominent features: a strong, broad band that had a minimum at 242 nm with delta epsilon (242) = -19,500 cm-1 M 1, and a triplet of enhanced bands centered at 286 nm with delta epsilon (286) about +1100 cm-1 M-1. The strong, broad, negative band was similar to the difference between the UV absorbance of 1 in methanol and in 0.1 M citrate phosphate pH 7.2. A structure-activity correlation for analogs of 1 showed some moieties of 1 that are important for potent inhibition of mouse renin. The inhibition data for these compounds versus human kidney renin suggested that the solution of the crystal structure of 1 bound to mouse renin will provide useful information for the design of inhibitors of human kidney renin. PMID- 3916911 TI - Interaction of yeast alcohol dehydrogenase with protoberberine alkaloids. AB - Oxidation of ethanol and reduction of aldehyde catalysed by yeast alcohol dehydrogenase is inhibited by several naturally occurring as well as semi synthetic protoberberine alkaloids. The affinity of these compounds for the enzyme depends essentially on their hydrophobicity. Corysamine and coptisine are the most potent inhibitors among the natural alkaloids of this group. The kinetics of yeast alcohol dehydrogenase inhibition with coptisine were analysed and equilibrium measurements using optical methods were carried out. The results suggest that the binding site of the enzyme for protoberberines is not identical with those for coenzyme and substrate though it should be located near the nicotinamide ring of bound NAD. The binding of protoberberines seems to be limited to rather superficially located hydrophobic groups in the vicinity of the active site of the enzyme. The inability of these alkaloids to protrude deeply into the molecule of yeast alcohol dehydrogenase at the catalytically important region is the main difference in their behaviour towards alcohol dehydrogenases from yeast and horse liver. PMID- 3916912 TI - Inhibition of adenosine deaminase from several sources by deaza derivatives of adenosine and EHNA. AB - Deaza analogues of adenosine and EHNA were tested as inhibitors of the enzyme adenosine deaminase (ADA) obtained from several sources including human erythrocytes, calf intestine, Saccaromices cerevisiae, Escherichia coli and Takadiastase. Ki values of the inhibitors suggest differences among the enzymes both at purine and erythro-nonyl binding site. Among the ribofuranosyl derivatives, 1-deazaadenosine is the best inhibitor, its Ki ranging between 3.5 x 10(-7) and 4 x 10(-5) M for ADA from erythrocytes and Takadiastase respectively. Only ADA from erythrocytes and calf intestine bind EHNA and some of deazaEHNA analogues; 3-deazaEHNA behaves very similarly to EHNA both in affinity and slow binding mechanism, whereas 1-deazaEHNA, though less potent, is a good inhibitor. PMID- 3916913 TI - The interaction of aspartic proteinases with naturally-occurring inhibitors from actinomycetes and Ascaris lumbricoides. PMID- 3916914 TI - [The medical history of vertigo from Hippocrates to the modern interpretation of Meniere's disease]. PMID- 3916915 TI - [Static compliance of the normal ear: study of the interaural differences and ratios]. PMID- 3916916 TI - Beaver, bluestem, and bluegrass: human health and the changing ecology of the Des Moines River Watershed. PMID- 3916917 TI - An unrepentant confusion of Art and Science: William Carlos Williams and Julian Tudor Hart. PMID- 3916918 TI - Foundation years of Gladesville Hospital--a medical coup. Part one. PMID- 3916919 TI - Foundation years of Gladesville Hospital--a medical coup. Part two. PMID- 3916920 TI - The archives of the NSWNA. PMID- 3916921 TI - Cardiac transplantation. PMID- 3916922 TI - Balmain: a community hospital. PMID- 3916923 TI - Oncogene expression in autoimmune mice. AB - Systemic autoimmune disease states are known to be associated with abnormal cell growth or differentiation. In the murine models of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), specific genotypes result in dysregulated growth of certain lymphocyte subpopulations. Although genes underlying autoimmune syndromes have been characterized by mendelian genetics, it has not yet been possible to characterize them at the molecular level. Recently, it has become clear that cellular proto oncogenes can regulate cell growth and differentiation. Therefore, we have studied the expression of five different proto-oncogenes; myc, myb, abl, bas, and raf, in organs and cells of various autoimmune strains. These genes were selected because each has previously been associated with abnormal hemopoietic cell growth, and because each has been at least partially characterized at the molecular and functional level. We have found selective abnormal proto-oncogene expression associated with the characteristic abnormal cell growth or differentiation of lymphocytes of autoimmune mice. The lymph nodes of MRL-lpr/lpr mice are packed with unusual T cells. These had a marked increase in myb expression. There was a 20-40-fold increase in myb RNA in lymph nodes of lpr/lpr mice on several different genetic backgrounds. The gld/gld mouse has a very similar unusual T cell in the lymph nodes: it also had a comparable increase in myb RNA in the nodes. In contrast, myb expression was not elevated in the other autoimmune mouse strains lacking these abnormal T cells. Whereas such lpr/lpr mice had increased myb expression in the lymph nodes and splenic T cells, they had markedly subnormal myb expression in the thymus, an organ with high myb in normal and in the other autoimmune strains. These results suggest that one phase of intrathymic differentiation in other mice occurs in the periphery of lpr/lpr mice. The spleens of NZB and male BXSB mice had increased myc expression which was found to be associated with B cells upon cell separation. Similarly, increased bas and abl expression was associated with autoimmune B cells. The xid gene, which retards or prevents the expression of murine lupus by retarding B cell maturation, was associated in BXSB.xid, NZB.xid, and MRL-lpr/lpr.xid congenic mice with marked reduction in expression of myc, bas, and abl in the spleens containing B cells, but not of myb in the lpr/lpr.xid nodes containing primarily the unusual T cells. Raf expression was found to be associated in lpr/lpr and gld/gld mice with both the unusual T cells and splenic B cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3916924 TI - The human beta-globin genes. PMID- 3916925 TI - U snRNA gene families in Xenopus laevis. PMID- 3916927 TI - Viral and cellular transcription enhancers. PMID- 3916926 TI - The promotion of ribosomal transcription in eukaryotes. PMID- 3916928 TI - Structure and function of Saccharomyces cerevisiae centromeres. PMID- 3916929 TI - Xenopus vitellogenin genes. PMID- 3916930 TI - Microparticulate feeds for marine suspension-feeders. AB - The development of microparticulate food particles for marine suspension-feeders is discussed with respect to the difficulties of nutrient delivery in the aquatic environment and to feeding and digestion in crustacea and bivalve molluscs. Loss of nutrients from particles suspended in seawater must be minimized by either trapping nutrients in gel particles or by encapsulation of the nutrients within impermeable walls. The gel matrix or capsule wall must be readily broken down by the animal so as to release the trapped dietary components. PMID- 3916931 TI - Evidence for defects in accessory and T cell subsets in mice expressing the xid defect. AB - Mice expressing the X-linked recessive CBA/N genetic defect xid lack a subpopulation of B cells which appears late in normal B cell ontogeny and is characterized by expression of the cell surface antigens Lyb3, Lyb5, and Lyb7. In adult mice with the xid defect, responses to Type 2 antigens such as TNP-ficoll are entirely absent and responses to Type 1 antigens such as TNP-LPS are somewhat reduced. Primary in vitro responses to the T dependent antigen sheep red blood cells (SRBC) are defective but secondary responses are normal. These and other findings have led to the hypothesis that one effect of the xid defect is the inability of a subset of B cells to respond to nonspecific signals from T cells or accessory cells. The cellular basis of the xid defect is not well understood. The simplest explanation is that it reflects a primary lesion in the development of a subpopulation of B cells responsible for the types of immune responses described above. An alternative notion is that the xid defect is expressed primarily in a non-B cell population (e.g., T cells or accessory cells) which are necessary for the development and/or function of this B cell subset. A direct approach to this problem depends on the availability of homogeneous populations of B cells, T cells, or accessory cells. Recently we have described a cloned dendritic cell, Den-1, which is a potent stimulator of some B and T cell responses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3916932 TI - Torsional and bending rigidity of the double helix from data on small DNA rings. AB - We have calculated the variance of equilibrium distribution of a circular wormlike polymer chain over the writhing number, [Wr)2), as a function of the number of Kuhn statistical segments, n. For large n these data splice well with our earlier results obtained for a circular freely jointed polymer chain. Assuming that [delta Lk)2) = [delta Tw)2) we have compared our results with experimental data on the chain length dependence of the [delta Lk)2) value recently obtained by Horowitz and Wang for small DNA rings. This comparison has shown an excellent agreement between theory and experiment and yielded a reliable estimate of the torsional and bending rigidity parameters. Namely, the torsional rigidity constant is C = 3.0.10(-19) erg cm, and the bending rigidity as expressed in terms of the DNA persistence length is a = 500 A. The obtained value of C agrees well with earlier estimates by Shore and Baldwin as well as by Horowitz and Wang whereas the a value is in accord with the data of Hagerman. We have found the data of Shore and Baldwin on the chain length dependence of the [delta Lk)2) value to be entirely inconsistent with our theorectical results. PMID- 3916933 TI - Modification of ColE1 DNA with osmium tetroxide generates positively supercoiled molecules. AB - Covalent binding of osmium tetroxide to negatively supercoiled DNA in vitro initially induces its relaxation, accompanied by a formation of a single denaturation "bubble" per molecule. Binding of further osmium results in DNA overwinding and the appearance of positive supercoils as demonstrated by gel electrophoresis and electron microscopy. PMID- 3916934 TI - The dependence of the surface electrostatic potential of B-DNA on environmental factors. AB - The electrostatic potential of B-DNA is calculated on its surface envelope for two homopolymeric base pair sequences using models representing the effects of both counterion binding and of aqueous solution. The influence of these two factors on the resulting potentials is established and the significance of calculations which omit such effects is discussed. PMID- 3916935 TI - Monte Carlo simulation of myoglobin primary to helical structure. AB - A Monte Carlo simulation is presented of the formation of the individual helices of myoglobin from their primary to their helical structures. A simplified model in which each amino acid residue is replaced by a single interaction center is used. The small helices formed are in good agreement with experiment, while the larger helices are moderately well reproduced. PMID- 3916936 TI - Studies on hydrogen bonds. Part V--Hydrogen bonding in energy minimization studies of peptides. AB - An energy term, representing the N-H...O type of hydrogen bond, which is a function of the hydrogen bond length (R) and angle (theta) has been introduced in an energy minimization program, taking into consideration its interpolation with the non-bonded energy for borderline values of R and theta. The details of the mathematical formulation of the derivatives of the hydrogen bond function as applicable to the energy minimization have been given. The minimization technique has been applied to hydrogen bonded two and three linked peptide units (gamma turns and beta-turns), and having Gly, Ala and Pro side chains. Some of the conformational highlights of the resulting minimum energy conformations are a) the occurrence of the expected 4----1 hydrogen bond in all of the burn-turn tripeptide sequences and b) the presence of an additional 3----1 hydrogen bond in some of the type I and II tripeptides with the hydrogen bonding scheme in such type I beta-turns occurring in a bifurcated form. These and other conformational features have been discussed in the light of experimental evidence and theoretical predictions of other workers. PMID- 3916937 TI - Methylated poly(L-lysine): conformational effects and interactions with polynucleotides. AB - Methylated lysine, arginine and histidine residues are found in a number of proteins (for example, histones, non-histone chromosomal proteins, ribosomal proteins, calmodulin, cytochrome C, etc.). We are studying the effects of methylation on the conformations of poly(lysine) and of the effects of methylation of poly(lysine) and poly(arginine) on interactions with polynucleotides. The conformational properties of epsilon-amino-methylated poly(lysine) differ from those of unmodified poly(lysine). Methylation increases resistance to thermally-induced and NaCl-induced changes in the CD spectrum. Guanidinium chloride increases (proportional to the degree of methylation) the extent of approach to the conformation in dispute as to its being a random coil or an extended helix. Methylation enhances aggregation in the helix-inducing solvent 0.5 M Ca(ClO4)2. With increasing methylation of poly(lysine), the conformation in dodecyl sulfate changes from beta, to 50% alpha, to random coil at the maximum methylation. Increasing methylation of poly(lysine) weakens the interaction with polynucleotides in respect to dissociation by salt, linearly with methyl content. Complexes of (dAdT)n.(dAdT)n with the polypeptides are increasingly stabilized to heat denaturation by progressive methylation. However, with a series of synthetic double-stranded RNA's and DNA's a more complex situation exists, Tm increasing or decreasing, depending on the base composition, sequence and type of sugar. Methylation of poly(lysine) and poly(arginine) can have opposite effects on Tm based on results with complexes with (dI)n.(dC)n. Methylated poly(lysine) affects the CD spectrum of polynucleotides, in a manner dependent on base composition and sequence. In some cases large positive or negative psi-spectra are induced, which, in the case of (dGdC)n.(dGdC)n, can be positive or negative depending on the degree of methylation of the polypeptide and the salt concentration. It is suggested that the biological effects of methylation proteins may be evoke by salt changes in the cell cycle, and that methylation can affect local interactions with nucleic acids and larger scale structure, and interactions with lipids. PMID- 3916938 TI - Dependence of the electrophoretic mobility of DNA in gels on field intermittency. AB - The electrophoretic mobility of double helical DNA in agarose and polyacrylamide gels increases as a function of time after the electric field is applied to the gel and decreases after the field is terminated. The changes are large for long (more than 10 kb) molecules. The effects of other variables are indicated. PMID- 3916939 TI - Osmotic pressure of DNA solutions and effective diameter of the double helix. AB - A simple osmometer with nuclear filters (polymer films with pores of a preset diameter) were used to measure the osmotic pressure of Col E1 plasmid DNA solutions in the concentration range of 1-4 mg/ml DNA. Linear and open circular DNA forms proved to have the same osmotic pressure within the experimental accuracy. The results of the measurements were used for calculating the second virial coefficient A2 of the solution of DNA segments and the effective chain diameter d eff in the ionic strength range of 10(-2)-0.1 M. As the ionic strength is lowered from 0.1 to 10(-2) M the effective diameter of DNA increases from 80 to 220 A. The results are in rather good agreement with theory and with other experimental data. PMID- 3916940 TI - Flexibility of DNA and RNA upon binding to different metal cations. An investigation of the B to A to Z conformational transition by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. AB - The interaction of DNA and RNA with Cu(II), Mg(II), [Co(NH3)6]3+ [Co(NH3)5Cl]2+ chlorides and, cis- and trans-Pt(NH3)2Cl2 (CIS-DDP, trans-DDP) has been studied by Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and a correlation between metal-base binding and conformational transitions in the sugar pucker has been established. It has been found that RNA did not change from A-form on complexation with metals, whereas DNA exhibited a B to Z transition. The marker bands for the A-form (C3'-endo-anti conformation) were found to be near 810-816 cm-1, while the bands at 825 and 690 cm-1 are marker bands for the B-conformation (C2'-endo, anti). The B to Z (C3'-endo. syn conformation) transition is characterized by the shift of the band at 825 cm-1 to 810-816 cm-1 and the shift of the guanine band at 690 cm-1 to about 600-624 cm-1. PMID- 3916942 TI - Untenability of the heteronomous DNA model for poly(dA).poly(dT) in solution. This DNA adopts a right-handed B-DNA duplex in which the two strands are conformationally equivalent. A 500 MHz NMR study using one dimensional NOE. AB - 1D NOE 1H NMR spectroscopy at 500 MHz was employed to examine the structure of poly(dA).poly(dT) in solution. NOE experiments were conducted as a function of presaturation pulse length (50, 30, 20 and 10 msec) and power (19 and 20 db) to distinguish the primary NOEs from spin diffusion. The 10 msec NOE experiments took 49 hrs and over 55,000 scans for each case and the difference spectra were almost free from diffusion. The spin diffused NOE difference spectra as well as difference NOE spectra in 90% H2O + 10% D2O in which TNH3 was presaturated enabled to make a complete assignment of the base and sugar protons. It is shown that poly(dA).poly(dT) melts in a fashion in which single stranded bubbles are formed with increasing temperature. PMID- 3916941 TI - X-ray structure of the nucleosome core particle. AB - Two monoclinic crystal forms (P2(1),C2) of chicken erythrocyte nucleosomes have been under study in this laboratory. The x-ray structure of the P2(1) crystal form has been solved to 15 A resolution. The B-DNA superhelix has a relatively uniform curvature, with only several local distortions observed in the superhelix. The individual histone domains have been localized and specific contacts between each histone and the DNA can be observed. Histone contacts to the inner surface of the DNA superhelix occur predominantly at the minor groove sites. Most of the histone core is contained within the inner surface of the superhelical DNA, except for part of H2A which extends between the DNA gyres near the terminus of the DNA. No part of H2A blocks the DNA terminus or would prevent a smooth exit of the DNA into the linker region. A similar extension of a portion of histone H4 between the DNA gyres occurs close to the dyad axis. Both unique nucleosomes in the P2(1) asymmetric unit demonstrate good dyad symmetry and are similar to each other throughout the histone core and DNA regions. PMID- 3916943 TI - High field 1H-NMR analysis of the 1:1 intercalation complex of the antitumor agent mitoxantrone and the DNA duplex [d(CpGpCpG)]. AB - Complete 1H-nmr assignment has been achieved of the stoichiometric 1:1 complex of the antitumor agent mitoxantrone with the duplex oligomer [d(CpGpCpG)]2. The techniques used included 2D-COSY, 1D-NOE and 2D-HH-INADEQUATE. Comparisons of 1H and 13C chemical shift changes upon addition of drug suggest symmetrical intercalative binding to the center of the tetramer. NOE difference measurements and 31P studies suggest binding of the terminal OH groups of the side chains to the central phosphate groups such that the methylene groups are proximate to C(3)6, C(3)6 and G(4)8 base protons all in the major groove. The data suggest that the side chains bind to the neighboring base pairs from the intercalation site. This is in accord with independent evidence of G,C base preference for binding from spectroscopic and electron microscopy studies. PMID- 3916944 TI - Complete 1H assignments of the non-exchangeable protons of the non self complementary heptadeoxyribonucleotide d[(GTCGTCA).(TGACGAC)] and its component strands by high field NMR. AB - The non self complementary heptadeoxyribonucleotides d(GTCGTCA) and d(TGACGAC) were synthesized by the phosphotriester method. While complete 1H-NMR assignments of the former were obtained by a combination of one and two-dimensional techniques at room temperature, extensive stacking of the latter under these conditions dictated analysis at 50 degrees C when the lines were sharply resolved. The duplex form of the annealed strands under the conditions of the 1H NMR experiment was established independently of the NMR evidence by 32P end labeling with T4 polynucleotide kinase followed by butt end joining using the absolute specificity of T4 ligase for double strand DNA. Analysis of the resulting ladder of polymers was performed using gel electrophoresis and autoradiography. Complete 1H-NMR assignments of the non-exchangeable protons in the self complementary heptamer was achieved. The assignments were confirmed using NOE differences, and two-dimensional COSY, and HH-INADEQUATE experiments at 400 and 500 MHz. The assignments are in accord with a conformation for the heptamer belonging to the B family of structures. PMID- 3916945 TI - cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) induced distortion of a single and double stranded deoxydecanucleosidenonaphosphate studied by nuclear magnetic resonance. AB - The structural distortion of a single- and a double-stranded decadeoxynucleotide upon binding of cis-PtCl2(NH3)2 was studied by 1H-NMR. After selective platination of d(T-C-T-C-G-G-T-C-T-C) (I) at the central d(-GpG-) site (resulting in I-Pt), several non-exchangeable base protons as well as H1', H2', H2" and H3' protons could be assigned by means of conventional NMR double-resonance techniques. Addition of the complementary decamer strand to I and I-Pt yielded the double-stranded III and III-Pt, respectively. All non-exchangeable base, H1', and most of the H2' and H2" protons in the two double stranded compounds could be assigned using 2D-chemical shift correlation (COSY) and nuclear Overhauser enhancement (NOESY) techniques. The double stranded compound III appears to adopt a B-DNA like structure. Comparison of NOEs and proton-proton coupling constants in the d(-GpG-).cisPt part in I-Pt and III-Pt reveals that their structure displays large similarity. Significant chemical shift changes (i.e. larger than 0.1 ppm) between III and III-Pt are restricted to the central four base pairs. It follows that the outer three base pairs, located on either side of the central four base pairs in III-Pt are likely to adopt a regular B-DNA type helix. The observed large upfield and downfield chemical shifts in the d(-CpGpG-) part of III with respect to III-Pt can be rationalized by describing the distortion of the double helix as a kink. A discussion of the observed physical effects upon platination of a double-stranded oligonucleotide is presented. PMID- 3916946 TI - A theoretical model for the binding of cis-Pt(NH3)2(+2) to DNA. AB - The binding of cis-Pt(NH3)2B1B2 to the bases B1 and B2, i.e., guanine (G), cytosine (C), adenine (A), and thymine (T), of DNA is studied theoretically. The components of the binding are analyzed and a model structure is proposed for the intrastrand binding to the dB1pdB2 sequence of a kinked double helical DNA. Quantum mechanical calculations of the ligand binding energy indicates that cis Pt(NH3)2(+2) (cis-PDA) binds to N7(G), N3(C), O2(C), O6(G), N3(A), N7(A), O4(T) and O2(T) in order of decreasing binding energy. Conformational analysis provides structures of kinked DNA in which adjacent bases chelate to cis-PDA. Only bending toward the major groove allows the construction of acceptable square planar complexes. Examples are presented for kinks of -70 degrees and -40 degrees at the receptor site to orient the base pairs for ligand binding to B1 and B2 to form a nearly square planar complex. The energies for complex formation of cis-PDA to the various intra-strand base sites in double stranded DNA are estimated. At least 32 kcal/mole separates the energetically favorable dGpdG.cis-PDA chelate from the dCpdG.cis-PDA chelate. All other possible chelate structures are much higher in energy which correlates with their lack of observation in competition with the preferred dGpdG chelate. The second most favorable ligand energy occurs with N3(C). A novel binding site involving dC(N3)pdG(N7) is examined. Denaturation can result in an anti----syn rotation of C about its glycosidic bond to place N3(C) in the major groove for intrastrand binding in duplex DNA. This novel intrastrand dCpdG complex and the most favored dGpdG structure are illustrated with stereographic projections. PMID- 3916947 TI - The conformation of single stranded oligonucleotides and of oligonucleotide oligopeptide complexes from their rotation relaxation in the nanosecond time range. AB - The conformation of single stranded oligonucleotides is analysed by measurements of their rotation time constants. The oligomers are aligned to some degree by short electric field pulses; after pulse termination the transition to a random orientation is followed by measurements of the linear dichroism. An efficient deconvolution procedure is developed for evaluation of the experimental data obtained in the ns-time range. The increase of rotation time constants observed for chain lengths in the range from 14 to 22 residues are interpreted according to a weakly bending rod model providing a persistence length and a Stokes' diameter. The Stokes' diameters obtained for ribo- and deoxyriboadenylates are about 13A, in approximate agreement with the expectation for a single stranded helix. The persistence length L = 53A corresponding to approximately 16 nucleotide residues found for riboadenylates at 2 degrees C appears to reflect relatively strong stacking interactions at this temperature. However, a comparison with the average length of stacked residues evaluated from available thermodynamic parameters of base stacking indicate that unstacked residues are not completely flexible. Apparently the ribose-phosphate chain provides an essential contribution to the stiffness of oligomers and polymers, even when the bases are unstacked. Addition of 100 microM Mg2+ leads to an increase of the persistence length to 88A. Corresponding measurements with deoxyriboadenylates show a slightly lower value of the persistence length than that found for riboadenylates. Addition of LysTrpLys and LysTyrLys to A(pA)19 leads to an increase of the rotation time constant, which corresponds approximately to a length increment by one residue per bound peptide. Since controls performed with LysLeuLys do not show any similar effect, the increase of the time constants induced by LysTrpLys and LysTyrLys is attributed to intercalation of the aromatic amino acids. PMID- 3916948 TI - Z-DNA is formed by poly (dC-dG) and poly (dm5C-dG) at micro or nanomolar concentrations of some zinc(II) and copper(II) complexes. AB - We report studies on the interaction of some zinc(II) and copper(II) complexes of amines and amino acids with poly(dC-dG) and poly(dm5C-dG). Of the zinc complexes the species zinc-tris(2-aminoethyl) amine is found to be the most efficient for inducing Z-DNA giving a mid point at low ionic strength of 1.4 microM (poly(dC dG] and 44nM (poly(dm5C-dG). While an antagonistic effect on raising the ionic strength is observed, the transition occurs at only 2 microM for poly(dm5C-dG) at 150mM NaCl. The most efficient copper(II) complex is that of diethylene triamine, though copper(II) complexes are generally less efficient than zinc(II) complexes. We also report kinetic and thermodynamic studies upon the B-Z transition induced by these complexes. A model is proposed for the interaction of one of the zinc complexes which involves not only direct zinc-DNA binding but also the formation of hydrogen bonds between the metal bond amine groups and the residues adjacent to the coordination site. PMID- 3916949 TI - Perturbation of hydrogen bonds in the adenine ... thymine base pair by Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+ and NH4+ cations. AB - Perturbation of the hydrogen bonds in the adenine ... thymine base pair by Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+ and NH4+ cations has been investigated by means of ab initio SCF calculations with the STO-3G basis set. The geometry of adenine...thymine, as well as those of the perturbed pairs were optimized. Approach of any cation to thymine at O6 leads to destabilization of the adenine...thymine pair; divalent cations (Mg2+, Ca2+) have a profound effect on the structure of the base pair. The approach of a cation to other available sites (thymine: O2, adenine N1 and N3) leads, on the other hand, to stabilization of the base pair. If a water molecule is placed between the cation and the base pair, the structure and stability of the base pair are changed only negligibly. PMID- 3916950 TI - [The photoreactivation capacity of UVS+ and UVS-strains of Streptomyces olivaceus VKX]. PMID- 3916951 TI - [The dynamics of the microorganism count of active sludge during the aerobic treatment of sewage]. AB - Dynamics of the active sludge microorganism quantity is studied under different cultivation regimes. It is shown that quantity of microorganisms in different physiological groups depends on the specific growth rate, micro, determined by the dilution rate and biomass recirculation level. The results may be used for selecting optimal regime of the sewage treatment system functioning. PMID- 3916953 TI - [A method for calculating the rate of biopolymer synthesis based on data from the chemical analysis of the biomass of microorganism cells]. PMID- 3916952 TI - [Comparative antigenic analysis of the hemagglutinin from influenza B viral strains isolated in 1980-1981]. PMID- 3916954 TI - [A rapid method for determining carotenoids in mycoplasmas]. PMID- 3916955 TI - [Changes in the morphologic cellular indices of methanol-assimilating yeasts in synchronous culture]. PMID- 3916956 TI - [The biological characteristics of coagulase-positive staphylococci isolated from hamadryas baboons]. PMID- 3916957 TI - [Phagocytic reaction of the leukocytes in relation to chloramine-resistant opportunistic microbes]. PMID- 3916958 TI - [The antimicrobial properties of the polyacetylene antibiotic phenylheptatriyne]. PMID- 3916959 TI - [Comparative study of the antimicrobial activity of natural and synthesized phenylheptatriyne and its derivatives]. PMID- 3916960 TI - [The adsorption of specific phages on the cells and lipopolysaccharides of Pseudomonas phaseolicola]. PMID- 3916961 TI - [The biological properties of bacteria of the genus Bacillus isolated from the human body]. PMID- 3916962 TI - [Purification of the DNA-dependent RNA-polymerase of Yersinia pestis and its characteristic properties]. PMID- 3916963 TI - [An inhibitor of influenza virus neuraminidase isolated from Staphylococcus aureus]. PMID- 3916964 TI - [Inventions of biological character: classification and definition]. PMID- 3916965 TI - [Study of the nutritional value of culture mycelium of higher edible basidiomyocetes]. PMID- 3916966 TI - [Hyaluronidase activity of spore aerobic bacteria, isolated from various ecological sources]. PMID- 3916967 TI - [Electron-microscopic study of the antigen-antibody complex in hepatitis B]. PMID- 3916968 TI - [Effect of botulinum toxin on the immune response]. PMID- 3916969 TI - [The effect of various biological substrates on the antimicrobial activity of salvin]. PMID- 3916970 TI - [Fatty acid composition of some species of the Pseudomonas genus]. PMID- 3916971 TI - [Synthesis of B group vitamins by lactobacilli in chick digestive tract in an industrial environment]. PMID- 3916972 TI - [Formation and physico-chemical characteristics of exopolysaccharides from various bacteria of the Bacillus genus]. PMID- 3916973 TI - Estimation of risk of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficient red cells to ozone and nitrogen dioxide. PMID- 3916975 TI - Carbohydrate stability during ageing in Penicillium expansum cell wall. AB - Cell walls were obtained from Penicillium expansum mycelia of different ages. The yield of walls increased up to the 13th day of incubation and then remained almost constante. Cell walls from 13 day-old mycelia consisted of neutral sugars (65%), chitin (10%) and protein (10%). The neutral sugars released by hydrolysis of the cell wall, identified and quantified by gas-liquid chromatography were mannose (3-4%), galactose (3-4%), glucose (37%) and trace amounts of arabinose and xylose. The contents of chitin remained constant during ageing. Alkali treatment at 20 degrees C of the cell wall released and alpha-glucan amounting to about 30% leaving an insoluble residue formed by chitin and a beta-glucan containing mannose and galactose. PMID- 3916974 TI - [Importance of cellular homogenization for the posterior isolation of plasma membranes of the Candida utilis yeast]. AB - Candida utilis plasma membranes were isolated from different homogenized, either whole cells or spheroplasts, by centrifugation and aggregation of mitochondrial and internal membranes at pH 4.0. As judged by electron microscopy, chemical analysis, disc electrophoresis and enzymatic assays, membrane preparations with different degrees of purity were obtained. The purest plasma membranes were those prepared by homogenization of spheroplasts in the Omnimixer Sorvall followed aggregation at mitochondrial isoelectric point as described above. PMID- 3916976 TI - Isolation and characterization of moderately halophilic nonmotile rods from different saline habitats. AB - A total of 736 strains were isolated from samples taken from three different saline habitats: solar saltern, saline soils and the sea, near Alicante (Spain). For a further study 60 moderately halophilic nonmotile rods were selected and studied for 57 phenotypic characteristics. The highest proportion of moderately halophilic nonmotile rods were isolated from saline soils and in media with 10 or 20% salts, being very scarce in sea water samples. All were Gram-negative rods and were included in two groups: 33 oxidase positive strains could be assigned to the genus Flavobacterium and 24 oxidase negative strains to the genus Acinetobacter. PMID- 3916977 TI - [Campylobacter in gastric pathology]. AB - The incidence of Campylobacter pyloridis in the stomach of patients with chronic gastritis, peptic ulceration and in normal subjects, has been studied. Seventy one biopsy specimens were taken from affected and normal gastric mucosa of 61 patients and 10 normal subjects, respectively. In 54 (88.5%) out of the 61 patients and in 1 (10%) out of the 10 normal subjects, C. pyloridis was observed. In addition, in 39 samples this microorganism was successfully cultured. PMID- 3916978 TI - Metabolism of 2-acetylaminofluorene by Clara cells, type II cells and alveolar macrophages isolated from rabbit lung, and use of a new chamber incubation mutagenicity test system. AB - Clara cells, alveolar type II cells and pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAM) were isolated in high yield from rabbit lung. The purity of the cell fractions was 80 90%, 98% and above 99%, respectively. Cytochrome P-450 total content was determined in microsomes from freshly prepared cells. The Clara cells contained significantly more cytochrome P-450 than was found in whole lung microsomes. Furthermore, the cytochrome content of the Clara cells was 2-fold higher than in the type II cells and 4-fold higher than in the macrophages. 2-aminofluorene (AF) was the major metabolite in all preparations when intact cells were incubated with 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF). The PAMs produced AF in the highest rates, while the Clara cells showed the largest rates of cytochrome P-450-dependent, ring hydroxylation of AAF. Mutagenic activation of AAF by isolated lung cells was assayed with a chamber-incubation method. The Clara cells were far more active than the type II cells in this respect, while the macrophages were inactive. PMID- 3916979 TI - Exogenous glutathione induces sister chromatid exchanges, clastogenicity and endoreduplication in V79-E Chinese hamster cells. AB - Glutathione (GSH) dissolved in Eagle's MEM and added to cultures of V79-E cells in concentrations between 2.5 X 10(-4) and 10(-3) moles/l for 1 h induces a dose dependent cell cycle delay, sister chromatid exchanges and clastogenic damage. 7 8% of the metaphases showed endoreduplication at a recovery phase of 25 and 30 h after treatment with 10(-3) moles/l GSH. Higher concentrations were lethal. The highest tolerated dose corresponds to the intracellular GSH level in V79-E cells. In the same range of concentrations, glutathione disulfide was inactive. Endoreduplication induction by GSH is G2-phase specific and endoreduplication metaphases show a reduced occurrence of single SCEs when extrapolated to the diploid complement. The adverse effects of GSH are independent of the presence of serum in the culture fluid but completely abolished when the treatment is performed in Hank's solution instead of MEM. The mechanism of genotoxicity of exogenous GSH is discussed but, at present, no pertinent explanation can be given. PMID- 3916980 TI - The effect of tumor promoters and antagonists on in vitro directional migration of 10T1/2 mouse embryo cells. AB - In vitro directional migration of 10T1/2 fibroblasts is partially inhibited by TPA but not by its non-promoting analogues. Other tumor promoters, e.g., phenobarbital, saccharin, and benzoylperoxide had no measurable effect when added in concentrations known to affect in vitro two-step transformation or intercellular communication. Inhibitors of in vitro transformation do not affect migration, except for dexamethasone, which inhibited it. Hence, there is no evidence for a general correlation between tumor promoting potential and inhibition of in vitro directional migration. PMID- 3916981 TI - DNA single-strand breaks, double-strand breaks, and crosslinks in rat testicular germ cells: measurements of their formation and repair by alkaline and neutral filter elution. AB - This work describes a neutral and alkaline elution method for measuring DNA single-strand breaks (SSBs), DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), and DNA-DNA crosslinks in rat testicular germ cells after treatments in vivo or in vitro with both chemical mutagens and gamma-irradiation. The methods depend upon the isolation of testicular germ cells by collagenase and trypsin digestion, followed by filtration and centrifugation. 137Cs irradiation induced both DNA SSBs and DSBs in germ cells held on ice in vitro. Irradiation of the whole animal indicated that both types of DNA breaks are induced in vivo and can be repaired. A number of germ cell mutagens induced either DNA SSBs, DSBs, or cross-links after in vivo and in vitro dosing. These chemicals included methyl methane sulfonate, ethyl methane sulfonate, ethyl nitrosurea, dibromochlorpropane, ethylene dibromide, triethylene melamine, and mitomycin C. These results suggest that the blood-testes barrier is relatively ineffective for these mutagens, which may explain in part their in vivo mutagenic potency. This assay should be a useful screen for detecting chemical attack upon male germ-cell DNA and thus, it should help in the assessment of the mutagenic risk of chemicals. In addition, this approach can be used to study the processes of SSB, DSB, and crosslink repair in DNA of male germ cells, either from all stages or specific stages of development. PMID- 3916982 TI - Glutathione pool size affects cell survival after hyperthermic treatment. AB - Intracellular glutathione (GSH) concentrations were titrated in Chinese hamster ovary cells by exposure to various concentrations of diethylmaleate (DEM). The various steady state levels of GSH obtained were maintained throughout the experimental time course. Cells were incubated at 42 degrees after DEM addition in order to produce thermal dose response curves using colony formation as the end point. The slope of the dose response curve was subsequently determined and compared to the intracellular GSH concentration. This comparison indicated Chinese hamster ovary cells contain multiple reservoirs of GSH which in turn regulate thermal toxicity in a stepwise manner. Removal of 50% or less of the GSH did not affect thermal sensitivity. A small increase in sensitivity occurred when 50 to 80% of the GSH was removed. Removal of greater than 80% of the GSH increased thermal toxicity significantly. The facts that 10 and 20 microM DEM produce extensive GSH depletion and only small changes in survival imply that a threshold concentration of GSH must be removed before thermal toxicity is affected. PMID- 3916984 TI - Vanadium accumulation and subcellular distribution in relation to vanadate induced cytotoxicity in vitro. AB - A bovine kidney cell culture system was used to assess the relationship of vandium uptake and subcellular distribution to orthovanadate induced cytotoxicity. Twenty-four hr incubations with 20-1000 microM vanadium elicited 15 75% cytotoxicity. Concentration-related morphological changes from the control polygonal shape to the treated biopolar appearance were detected. Vanadium accumulated in cells via a multiphasic process; peak accumulation was achieved by 1 hr post-treatment and was followed by apparent decline, completed by 3 hr. A slower second phase of accumulation occurred during the remainder of the 24 hr incubation period. A concentration-dependent accumulation resulted in a 50-fold increase in cellular vanadium content. Near maximum toxicity was achieved at a cellular vanadium burden of approximately 5 nmoles/10(6) cells; further accumulation (up to 35 nmoles/10(6) cells) resulted in only a slight increase in the degree of toxicity. Subcellular distribution studies indicated 90% accumulation of vanadium in the soluble supernatant fraction (105,000xg supernatant) at varying stages of cytotoxicity. It was concluded that the multifaceted dependency of vanadium cytotoxicity on its cellular content may have resulted from a cellular balancing between proposed regulatory functions for vanadium and the interactions incurred with an excessive content. PMID- 3916983 TI - Effects of harman and norharman on the metabolism and genotoxicity of 2 acetylaminofluorene in cultured rat hepatocytes. AB - Monolayers of rat hepatocytes metabolize 0.25 mM 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF) to various ether-extractable, water-soluble as well as covalently bound products. The major ether-extractable metabolite formed is 2-aminofluorene (AF), followed by 7-OH-AAF and 9-OH-AAF. Pretreatment of rats with the inducer Aroclor 1254 (PCB) increased the metabolism of AAF and caused an increased DNA repair synthesis in hepatocytes exposed to AAF or AF. With N-OH-AAF, a decreased genotoxic response in PCB-treated cells compared to control cells was seen. The addition of harman and norharman decreased the metabolism of AAF to ether extractable metabolites, water-soluble metabolites and metabolites covalently bound to macromolecules. In contrast, the DNA-repair synthesis caused by the same concentrations of AAF was increased by harman. One explanation for this apparent discrepancy could be that the aromatic amines changed the metabolism of harman and norharman in such a way that these compounds were converted into genotoxic metabolites. PMID- 3916985 TI - Effects of phorbol myristate acetate, phorbol dibutyrate, ethanol, dimethylsulfoxide, phenol, and seven metabolites of phenol on metabolic cooperation between Chinese hamster V79 lung fibroblasts. AB - The effect of phorbol myristate acetate, phorbol dibutyrate, ethanol, dimethylsulfoxide, phenol, and seven metabolites of phenol on metabolic cooperation were assessed as a function of mutant cell recovery from populations of cocultivated hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase-deficient mutant (HGPRT-) and wild-type (HGPRT+) Chinese hamster V79 lung fibroblasts. Phorbol myristate acetate and phorbol dibutyrate, two established tumor promoters, were potent inhibitors of metabolic cooperation. Ethanol and dimethylsulfoxide, solvents commonly used to prepare chemicals for testing, weakly inhibited metabolic cooperation. Phenol and phenylglucuronide had no effect on metabolic cooperation. Four oxidative metabolites (1,4-benzoquinone, catechol, hydroxyquinol and quinol) inhibited metabolic cooperation. Phenylsulfate weakly inhibited metabolic cooperation. Conversely, 2-methoxyphenol, a methylated derivative of catechol, appeared to enhance metabolic cooperation. These results generally support the hypothesis that tumor promoters inhibit metabolic cooperation and illustrate the importance of considering metabolites when testing this hypothesis. The weak capacity of five metabolites of phenol to inhibit metabolic cooperation correlates with the weakness of phenol as a tumor promoter. Interpretation of these results is complicated because two metabolic cooperation inhibiting metabolites (catechol and quinol) are nonpromoting when tested individually in the same assay where phenol shows promoting activity. Such metabolites may be incomplete (stage) promoters, and exposure to two or more may be required for a promoting effect. The significance of enhanced metabolic cooperation requires further investigation, particularly in relation to antipromoting effects. PMID- 3916986 TI - Enzyme leakage due to change of membrane permeability of primary cultured rat hepatocytes treated with various hepatotoxins and its prevention by glycyrrhizin. AB - Various hepatotoxins were added to the medium of primary cultures of adult rat hepatocytes and the release of the cytosolic enzymes lactic dehydrogenase, glutamic-oxaloacetic and glutamic-pyruvic aminotransferases were measured 24 h later. CCl4 at low concentrations caused dose-dependent release of soluble enzymes into medium without appreciable cytolysis of the hepatocytes. Mitochondrial enzymes were not released under these conditions. At 5 mM CCl4, both soluble and mitochondrial glutamic-oxaloacetic aminotransferase were found in the culture medium. Glycyrrhizin, a triterpenoid glycoside of licorice roots, prevented the enzyme release caused by CCl4. PMID- 3916988 TI - Unscheduled DNA synthesis correlated to alkylation of hemoglobin in individuals occupationally exposed to propylene oxide. AB - Exposure to propylene oxide was determined previously by the degree of alkylation of hemoglobin measured on the histidine residue as N-3-(2-hydroxypropyl) histidine, using blood samples from 8 propylene oxide-exposed employees and 13 unexposed referents. Mononuclear leukocytes isolated from the same blood samples were used to quantify DNA repair proficiency following an in vitro challenge with the carcinogen, N-acetoxy-2-acetylamino-fluorene. Decreases in the DNA repair proficiency index correlated significantly to in vivo exposure levels to propylene oxide (r = -0.64, p less than 0.03). These data suggest a possible short-term biological assay for monitoring the in vivo genotoxic effects of propylene oxide exposure in the human population. PMID- 3916987 TI - Mixed-function oxidase activity in enriched populations of ciliated cells freshly isolated from rabbit tracheas. AB - A method is described for the preparation of enriched populations of ciliated cells from rabbit tracheas. Following protease digestion of tracheal lumen tissue, cells were subjected to centrifugal elutriation. This produced two cell fractions of interest: an 8 micron diameter fraction believed to be composed largely of basal cells, and a 15 micron diameter fraction containing a mixture of ciliated cells and Clara cells. Further treatment of the 15 micron cells with a dextran/polyethylene glycol/phosphate buffer system resulted in separation of a highly enriched ciliated cell fraction (84.3 +/- 2.7% ciliated cells with 6.5 +/- 1.5% Clara cells) from a fraction containing both ciliated cells (42.0 +/- 2.1%) and Clara cells (27.0 +/- 3.5%). The yield of cells in the enriched ciliated cell fraction was 0.68 +/- 0.09 X 10(6) cells/trachea. Analysis of mixed-function oxidase activity in tracheal cells showed 7-ethoxycoumarin deethylase and coumarin hydroxylase activities to be present in the 8 micron cells as well as in ciliated cells and Clara cells. Enzyme activities measured in the ciliated cells (152 +/- 66 pmol/min/mg protein or 51.2 +/- 20.5 pmol/min/10(6) cells for 7 ethoxycoumarin deethylase and 31.7 +/- 15.4 pmol/min/mg protein or 10.5 +/- 4.8 pmol/min/10(6) cells for coumarin hydroxylase) were not attributable to contamination with Clara cells. PMID- 3916989 TI - Reversibility of phorbol diester-induced macrophage spreading. AB - Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and phorbol 12, 13-dibutyrate induced spreading of mouse macrophages with 50% effective concentrations of 3 nM and 35 nM, respectively. Macrophages treated with 100 or 1000 nM phorbol 12, 13- dibutyrate showed a time related decrease in spreading after washout. Spreading induced by 1, 10, or 100 nM phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate was irreversible; however, washed phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate-treated cells respread after a second exposure to this compound. Washout of 3[H]phorbol diesters corroborated these observations in that 5% of 3H-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and only 0.1% 3[H]phorbol, 12,13 dibutyrate remained associated with washed cells. Since phorbol 12-myristate 13 acetate is much more lipophilic than phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate, the reversibility of phorbol diester-induced macrophage spreading may depend upon the lipophilicity of the derivative utilized. PMID- 3916992 TI - Oogenesis. PMID- 3916990 TI - Cocarcinogenesis in vitro using Balb/3T3 cells and aromatic hydrocarbon cocarcinogens. AB - The mouse skin cocarcinogens fluoranthene, pyrene, and undecane were used with the indirect-acting carcinogen, benzo(a)pyrene (BP), and the direct-acting alkylating carcinogen, beta-propiolactone (BPL), in an in vitro transformation assay. Dose response, cytotoxicity, and transformation studies with these compounds were performed with a subclone (A31-1-1) of the Balb/3T3 cell line. Transformation frequencies were found to increase with increasing concentrations of BP used up to 1.0 micrograms/ml or when BPL was used up to 4.0 micrograms/ml. A significant increase (P less than 0.05) in the transformation frequency over that seen with carcinogen alone was observed when cells were exposed to a combination of fluoranthene (4.0 micrograms/ml) and BP (0.063 micrograms/ml) or pyrene (5.0 micrograms/ml) and BP (0.063 micrograms/ml). Thus, the transformation frequency obtained with BP + fluoranthene was 3.8 x 10(-4) compared to 1.2 x 10( 4) when BP was tested alone. Similarly, the transformation frequency using BP + pyrene was 2.8 x 10(-4) vs. 1.2 x 10(-4) when BP was tested alone. Undecane did not exert any cocarcinogenic effect with BP in the dose range tested. In this in vitro assay, no cocarcinogenic effect was observed when BPL was used with any of the above mouse skin cocarcinogens. All cells isolated from transformed foci showed characteristics of transformed cells including anchorage-independent growth. PMID- 3916991 TI - Analysis of sister chromatid exchanges in lymphocytes cultured from 71 healthy men. AB - Sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) were analyzed in peripheral blood lymphocytes from a select group of 71 healthy men, 56 nonsmokers and 15 cigarette smokers. In addition to estimating baseline SCE, data were examined to seek relationships of SCE frequencies to age and smoking. The baseline value of 7.53 SCE per cell from the 56 nonsmokers was within the range (5.60 to 9.10 SCE/cell) reported for other human populations. No relationship was found between the mean SCE frequency per cell and age. However, a significant increase in the SCE mean value was observed in smokers as compared to nonsmokers. The results of this study are compared with those of other reports on SCE effects of age and smoking. PMID- 3916993 TI - Middle mesial canal of a mandibular first molar--a case report. AB - The mandibular first molar usually has only two mesial canals, a mesiolingual and a mesiobuccal. Cases of a third canal described as the middle mesial canal has been reported and is found to be uncommon. In this case report, three canals in the mesial root of a mandibular first molar were located, prepared and filled. The third canal presented as a fin when during instrumentation the instrument could pass freely between the mesiolingual canal and the middle mesial canal. PMID- 3916994 TI - Laminate veneer restoration. A treatment for discoloured and malformed anterior teeth. AB - The restoration of fractured, malformed or badly discoloured teeth and teeth with diastema or malposition usually presents an aesthetic and functional problem. Such defects were usually treated by full crown coverage. The disadvantages of these techniques were discussed and an alternative treatment with laminate veneers was provided. The technique was illustrated with a case report. PMID- 3916995 TI - Accuracy of tooth length measurements from periapical radiographs. AB - This study was undertaken to investigate and assess two radiographic techniques for measuring tooth length. The result of this study demonstrated the inadequacy of determining tooth lengths using radiographs alone without the introduction of instruments into the canal as close as possible to the root apex. Neither of the techniques proved ideal, however, the Paralleling Extension Tube Technique seemed relatively more accurate and reliable than the Bisecting-Angle Technique. PMID- 3916996 TI - Use of antidepressants in aphthous ulceration--a clinical experience. AB - The aetiology of recurrent aphthous ulceration (RAU) is not known with certainty. An association between emotional stress and the condition exists in susceptible patients. Twelve patients with RAU with histories of severe emotional stress were treated with flupenthixol and melitracen. The majority derived benefits from it. It might be recommended in the treatment of emotionally disturbed patients due to its effectiveness and freedom from serious side-effects. PMID- 3916997 TI - Dental decay in pre-school Chinese children aged 3-6 years in Petaling Jaya. AB - The problem of dental decay was studied in a sample of 495 Chinese preschool children in Petaling Jaya. The children; 253 males and 242 females ranged in age from 3-6 years. 18.6% of the children was observed to suffer from rampant caries. Only 18.8% were caries free. The dft values ranged from 2.9 +/- 3.12 at 3 years to 5.85 +/- 3.41 at 6 years. The overall mean dft for this group was 4.99 +/- 3.81. Dental treatment was very inadequate. The decayed filled tooth ratio was 6.5:1. PMID- 3916998 TI - Endodontic treatment for traumatized immature permanent incisors. AB - Endodontic treatment of traumatized permanent incisor teeth in young children may often present special problems not encountered in the adult patient. They are determined primarily by (a) the pulpal response of an immature tooth to trauma, and (b) the mechanical difficulties encountered when attempts are made to obturate the root canal of a tooth with a widely patent apical foramen. The most appropriate intermediate and long term treatment will only be possible in individual cases if the tooth response is continuously monitored from the time of the initial injury to the point where the definitive treatment has been judged as successful. Thus at each attendance, clinical examination including pulp testing should be supplemented by the taking of routine periapical radiographs. Essentially three main pulpal responses are possible: i) Recovery ii) Calcification iii) Necrosis. The outcome in each case may be influenced by treatment procedures. PMID- 3916999 TI - An approach to the diagnosis and management of oral mucosal abnormalities. I. Introduction. AB - It is customary in traditional textbooks on oral pathology to classify and discuss diseases according to etiology. While this is a convenient and logical method to present basic material it does not always lend itself to the clinical situation. When a patient is examined, the clinician is most concerned with appearances, i.e. colour, shape, and size. These are some of the parameters which become a part of the thought process that is utilised in the diagnosis of lesions. In this approach oral diseases are to be classified according to their clinical appearance rather than by cause. Each grouping of lesions listed under a particular heading can be looked at then, as forming a basis for a differential diagnosis. It is important to remember that some redundancy exists in this type of approach, since there are lesions which characteristically have different clinical appearances. Squamous cell carcinoma is an excellent example of such a condition. The lesion may be red or white, exophytic or flat and ulcerated or non ulcerated, which necessitates its consideration in a number of clinical categories. PMID- 3917000 TI - An approach to the diagnosis and management of oral mucosal abnormalities. II. Evaluation of oral lesions with an intact surface. AB - Lesions of the oral mucosa which have an intact surface configuration are often without symptoms and rarely cause patient concern. This is especially true of lesions which have a relatively flat surface. The number of conditions which present in this fashion, of course, are great so only a few of these will be discussed in any detail. The importance of this type of lesion should not be underestimated, as they often represent an early stage of a condition which could cause problems if permitted to progress. These lesions can be conveniently separated into groups by the color variations noted during clinical examinations. White, red, blue, and brown lesions will be discussed. PMID- 3917001 TI - An approach to the diagnosis and management of oral mucosal abnormalities. III. Evaluation of oral lesions with an ulcerated surface. AB - Ulcerated lesions of the oral cavity are extremely common. It is with these lesions that a systematized approach to evaluation be taken. As with previous group of lesions with an intact surface layer, ulcers are caused by a wide variety of agents. Since there are often painful symptoms with ulcerated lesions, patients usually seek treatment. Vesiculo-bullous lesions usually appear clinically as ulcers so they will be included with the more typical lesions. A notable difference with the vesiculo-bullous diseases, however, is a history of a blister or fluid filled sac prior to the appearance of the ulcer. PMID- 3917002 TI - Toothbrushing effectiveness of a group of six-year-old uninstructed schoolchildren. AB - The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of toothbrushing in 124 six year-old uninstructed schoolchildren. The toothbrushing conditions were made to closely simulate the toothbrushing procedure carried out at home. The amount of plaque before and after toothbrushing was assessed using the Modified Personal Hygiene Performance Index. An overall reduction of 54.0 per cent in plaque score was observed following toothbrushing. This reduction was much more favourable than other reported studies using subjects of similar age group. However most of the plaque that remained following brushing were accumulated in the gingival areas. The highest prebrushing score and the least effective toothbrushing ability was observed among the Malay schoolchildren. The pre and postbrushing scores among the Chinese and Indians were comparable. There was no statistically significant difference in toothbrushing ability between boys and girls at this age. The children brushed their anterior teeth better than their posterior and the facial surfaces better than the lingual. The greatest percentage reduction in plaque score was observed in the occlusal/incisal areas with the gingival areas being the least accessible. The conclusions of this study points to the lack of manual dexterity of children of this age group to effectively brush their teeth and the need for proper parental supervision in assisting them to carry out the toothbrushing procedure. PMID- 3917003 TI - Enamel hypoplasia--a transitional form of treatment with custom-made laminate veneers: a case report. AB - A 17-year old school boy with enamel hypoplasia of the upper and lower anterior teeth was treated with custom-made laminate veneers bonded on to the labial surfaces of the involved teeth by utilising a light-cured microfill resin-dentine adhesive system and the acid-etch technique. The heat-cured acrylic laminates were fabricated from a wax overlay of the labial surfaces of the anterior teeth on stone models. The laminate veneers satisfy the aesthetic requirements of the patient without the risks and sacrifice of tooth structure in full crown coverage. PMID- 3917004 TI - Surgical correction of skeletal III jaw deformity. AB - Ten cases of Skeletal III jaw deformity were treated surgically. The specific criteria used in the clinical assessment are emphasised. Preoperative workup consisting of clinical assessment, cephalometric studies, model surgeries and photographic slides are presented. The rationale for selecting the type of osteotomy in each case is given. Preoperative and post operative patient management is discussed. Results are presented and the management of complications encountered are discussed. PMID- 3917005 TI - Flupenthixol and Melitracen in the management of trigeminal neuralgia. AB - Twelve patients with trigeminal neuralgia were treated with a daily dose of 2 mg Melitracen and 40 mg Flupenthixol. The majority of patients derived benefit from it. The former drug is a bipolar thymoeleptic and the latter a neuroleptic. There was no adverse side effects. The regime of treatment is recommended in cases that do not respond to conventional treatment. PMID- 3917006 TI - Dental analgesia by jet injection. AB - Jet injection is a procedure of introducing anaesthetic solution into the tissues without the use of the hypodermic needle. This is accomplished by forcing the solution under high pressure from a minute orifice in the form of a high velocity jet. PMID- 3917007 TI - The differential diagnosis of periodontal disease in childhood and adolescence. AB - Periodontal disease has been described as "the disease states which arise in the periodontium to the exclusion of other primary sites, and whose direct aetiology appears to be local or unknown". PMID- 3917008 TI - Anterior restorations in the adolescent patient. AB - During the 30 years that have elapsed since the original report by Buonocore (1955), which demonstrated the increased retention of acrylic resins to an acid etched enamel surface, the development of composite restorative materials in particular has enabled the clinician to offer a wider range of treatment alternatives to patients who present initially with problems directly related to their anterior teeth. Whilst the problem may be immediately apparent when the teeth erupt, professional advice is most often sought during adolescence. The provision of crowns for patients in this age group is contraindicated for many reasons, including compliance with extensive restorative procedures, large pulp cavities with the possibility of traumatic exposure during tooth preparation and inadequate crown height associated with an immature gingival margin. PMID- 3917009 TI - Effects of DNA sequence and conformation on nucleosome formation. AB - A simple theoretical analysis of the free energy balance controlling nucleosome formation shows that the specific effects of different DNA sequences and/or conformations observed in vitro are mainly due to their different elastic properties. A calculation of the elastic free energy required to fold DNA on histone octamers yields quantitative results rationalizing the experimental findings provided that: (i) the average helical repeat of DNA on nucleosomes is greater than 10.2 bp per turn, and (ii) poly[dG.dC] adopts an A-type conformation. PMID- 3917010 TI - Macromolecular design, nucleic acid junctions, and crystal formation. AB - The simplest form of macromolecular design involves the ligation of nucleic acids. Recent results on the concatenation of nucleic acid junctions show that these molecules can act as fairly rigid macromolecular valence clusters on the nanometer scale. These clusters can be joined to form closed stick figures in which each edge is double helical DNA or RNA and each vertex is a nucleic acid junction. The geometrical criteria for forming discrete-closed and periodic structures from these components are established. The helicity of each edge limits the possible structures that can be formed. The formation of a periodic array from nucleic acid junction building blocks is compared with the crystallization of molecular systems. This comparison leads to a new interpretation of the nature of order in the solid state for molecular crystals. The suggestion is made that the structure of a solid molecular system described by the fewest unique orthogonal (Fourier) components is the one which will be entropically favored, since it contains the least information. This is the crystalline state, with a small number of molecules per asymmetric unit. The free energy from the proposed entropic driving force responsible for this behavior is available, in principle, to correct small deviations from ideality in forming covalent crystals from nucleic acid junction components, as well as in non-bonded molecular systems. Nucleic acid junction periodic arrays provide an appropriate vehicle with which to test this interpretation. PMID- 3917011 TI - Backbone conformation in nucleic acids: an analysis of local helicity through heminucleotide scheme and a proposal for a unified conformational plot. AB - A relationship has been established to express the local helicity of a polynucleotide backbone directly in terms of the virtual bonds spanning the conformationally equivalent heminucleotide repeats, with a view to provide a better understanding of the cumulative effects of all the chemical bond rotational variations on local helicity. Using this, an analysis made with a few oligodeoxynucleotide crystal structures clearly brings forth that it is the concerted movements manifested in the near neighbour correlations between the pair of chemical bonds C4'-C5' and P-O5' and C4'-C3' and P-O3' of the 5' and 3' heminucleotides respectively that are primarily responsible for the observed non uniform helical twists both in A and B type helical backbones. That these need not be restricted to oligodeoxynucleotides but may be a feature of oligoribonucleotides backbone also is shown from an analysis of helical segments of yeast tRNA(Phe). A proposal of a unified or a grand two dimensional conformational plot which would help visualise succinctly the overall effect of the variations in all the repeating six chemical bonds of a polynucleotide backbone is made. Apart from considerable simplification, the plot affords identification on it regions characteristic of helical, and loop and bend conformations of nucleic acid backbone chain. PMID- 3917012 TI - Ab-inito quantum mechanical calculations of NMR chemical shifts in nucleic acids constituents. II. Conformational dependence of the 1H and 13C chemical shifts in the ribose. AB - The magnetic shielding constant of the different 13C and 1H nuclei of a deoxyribose are calculated for the C2' endo and C3' endo puckerings of the furanose ring as a function of the conformation about the C4'C5' bond. For the carbons the calculated variations are of several ppm, the C3' endo puckering corresponding in most cases to a larger shielding than the C2' endo one. For the protons the calculated variations of chemical shifts are all smaller than 1.3 ppm, that is of the order of magnitude of the variation of the geometrical shielding produced on these protons by the other units of a DNA double helix, with a change of the overall structure of the helix. The computations carried out on the deoxyribose-3' and 5' phosphates for several conformations of the phosphate group tend to show that the changes of conformation of the charged group of atoms produce chemical shift variations smaller than the two conformational parameters of the deoxyribose itself. The calculations carried out for a ribose do give the general features of the differences between the carbon and proton spectra of deoxynucleosides and nucleosides. The comparison of the measured and calculated phosphorylation shifts tend to show that the counterion contributes significantly, for some nuclei of the deoxyribose, to the shifts measured. The calculated magnitude of this polarization effect on carbon shifts suggests a tentative qualitative interpretation of carbon spectra of the ribose part of DNA double helices. PMID- 3917013 TI - The detailed conformational study of a leukotriene antagonist, FPL-55712, using high-field nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. AB - High-field proton magnetic resonance measurements at 400 MHz and 600 MHz allowed the evaluation of the preferred conformations of a leukotriene antagonist, FPL 55712. The experiments involved an analysis of proton-proton coupling constants, longitudinal relaxation time data and nuclear Overhauser effect experiments. The NMR parameters confirm the conformational features expected from X-ray and microwave data for related substances, such as rotational freedom about C14-C15 and C15-C16, synperiplanar arrangements for C7-C8-O-C14 and C16-O-C17-C18 and segmental motion in the propyl side chains. PMID- 3917014 TI - On the correlation of S-S and C-S raman bands frequencies and intensities with conformations of disulfide bridges in proteins. AB - We have studied dependence of the S-S and C-S raman bands frequencies and intensities on the conformation of disulfide bridges. These correlations have been analyzed on the basis of the normal coordinates treatment in the valence force field and from comparison of the raman and X-ray data for the model compounds and proteins. The found regularity of the intensity variations with conformation make it possible to distinguish these spectral perturbations from those associated with the change in the number of disulfide bridges in proteins. Particularly, this was demonstrated on the gamma-irradiated insulin solutions spectra. We also present some data appropriate for estimation of the content of disulfide bridges in proteins using internal intensity standards. PMID- 3917015 TI - Solvent structure and enzyme activity. AB - Enzymes are fluctuating particles in thermal equilibrium with their solvent environment. A variety of models of enzyme action have postulated selective excitation of enzyme vibrational modes or triggering of correlated motion of catalytic groups through collisions with solvent particles as the basis of catalytic activity. Solvent composition and structure are expected to influence such interactions. Solutes such as p-dioxane, t-butanol, and tetraalkylammonium chlorides are known to be strong perturbants of the structure of water. However, when the kinetic parameters of two enzymes, carboxypeptidase A and alpha chymotrypsin, were examined carefully in aqueous mixtures containing these solutes, no significant influence of solvent structure or mass composition on the catalytic rate constant was found. The results indicate, furthermore, that, within the low viscosity limit, fluctuations in enzyme structure that are responsible for activated processes in the catalytically rate limiting step appear not to be significantly influenced by dynamic processes in the bulk solvent. PMID- 3917016 TI - Application of polyelectrolyte theory to the study of the B-Z transition in DNA (1). AB - We have used the polyelectrolyte theory to study the ionic strength dependence of the B-Z equilibrium in DNA. A DNA molecule is molded as an infinitely long continuously charged cylinder of radius a with reduced linear charge density q. The parameters a and q for the B and Z forms were taken from X-ray data: aB = 1nm, qB = 4.2, aZ = 0.9 nm and qZ = 3.9. A simple theory shows that at low ionic strengths (when Debye screening length rD much greater than a) the electrostatic free energy difference FelBZ = FelZ - FelB increases with increasing ionic strength since qB greater than qZ. At high ionic strengths (when rD much less than a) the FelBZ would go on growing with increasing ionic strength if the inequality qB/aB greater than qZ/aZ were valid. In the converse case when qZ/qB greater than aZ/aB the FelBZ value decreases with increasing salt concentration at high ionic strength. Since X-ray data correspond to the latter case, theory predicts that the FelBZ value reaches a maximum at an intermediate ionic strength of about 0.1 M (where rD approximately a). We also performed rigorous calculations based on the Poisson-Boltzmann equation. These calculations have confirmed the above criterion of nonmonotonous behaviour of the FelBZ value as a function of ionic strength. Different theoretical predictions for the B-Z transition in linear and superhelical molecules are discussed. Theory predicts specifically that at a very low ionic strength the Z form may prove to be more stable than the B form.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3917017 TI - Three-state diagram for DNA. AB - Experimental phase diagrams (A form, B form, Coil) were built in the coordinates (a, alcohol fraction: T, temperature) for the natural DNAs and poly d(A-T). The main parameter of the B-A transition,-cooperativity length, nu o, was estimated by the slopes of the branches A-B, A-Coil, B-Coil in the vicinity of the triple point: nu o = 10-20 base pairs, which corresponds to the energy for the B/A junction of 1.2-1.8 kcal/mol. We discovered two new effects which are due to the coexistence of the three different conformations in one polymeric molecule: an increase in the melting temperature above that for the 'ideal' triple point (i.e. for the case of the ideal phase transitions); a widening of the melting curve within the B-A transition range. PMID- 3917018 TI - The effect of methylation of the 6 oxygen of guanine on the structure and stability of double helical DNA. AB - The effect of methylation of the O-6 position of guanine in short segments of double helical DNA has been investigated by molecular mechanical simulations on the sequences d(CGCGCG)2, d(CGC[OMG]CG)2, d(CGT[OMG]CG)2, d(CGC[OMC]CG/(CGCGCG), d(CGC[OMG]CG/d(CGTGCG), d(CGCGAATTCGCG)2 and d(CGCGAATTC[OMG]CG)2. Guanines methylated at the O-6 position are found to form hydrogen bonds of roughly equal strength to cytosine and thymine. The optimum structure of these modified base pairs are not dramatically different from normal GC pairs, but both involve some bifurcation of the proton donors of cytosine (4NH2) or thymine (3NH) between the guanine N3 and O6 groups. PMID- 3917019 TI - Conformational studies of nucleic acids. I. A rapid and direct method for generating furanose coordinates from the pseudorotation angle. AB - The greatest difficulty in modeling a nucleic acid is generating the coordinates of its furanoses. This difficulty arises from constraints imposed by the closed ring geometries of these sugars. We have developed a new method for modeling these furanose rings. Using this method, the coordinates of a sugar can be obtained quickly and unambiguously for any point on the pseudorotational pathway from one parameter: the phase angle of pseudorotation P. The significant difference between this and previous sugar modeling schemes is that here the endocyclic bond lengths of the five-membered sugar ring are allowed to vary a small amount according to simple, explicit, and experimentally reasonable analytic functions of P. The coefficients of these functions follow from the empirical behavior of the endocyclic bond angles and from geometrical constraints due to ring closure. The ability to model the sugars directly from one parameter greatly facilitates carrying out the global conformational studies on nucleic acid constituents which will be attempted in subsequent papers of this series. PMID- 3917021 TI - Structural studies of DNA fragments: the G.T wobble base pair in A, B and Z DNA; the G.A base pair in B-DNA. AB - The crystal structures of five double helical DNA fragments containing non-Watson Crick complementary base pairs are reviewed. They comprise four fragments containing G.T base pairs: two deoxyoctamers d(GGGGCTCC) and d(GGGGTCCC) which crystallise as A type helices; a deoxydodecamer d(CGCGAATTTGCG) which crystallises in the B-DNA conformation; and the deoxyhexamer d(TGCGCG), which crystallises as a Z-DNA helix. In all four duplexes the G and T bases form wobble base pairs, with bases in the major tautomer forms and hydrogen bonds linking N1 of G with O2 of T and O6 of G with N3 of T. The X-ray analyses establish that the G.T wobble base pair can be accommodated in the A, B or Z double helix with minimal distortion of the global conformation. There are, however, changes in base stacking in the neighbourhood of the mismatched bases. The fifth structure, d(CGCGAATTAGCG), contains the purine purine mismatch G.A where G is in the anti and A in the syn conformation. The results represent the first direct structure determinations of base pair mismatches in DNA fragments and are discussed in relation to the fidelity of replication and mismatch recognition. PMID- 3917020 TI - Conformational studies of nucleic acids. II. The conformational energetics of commonly occurring nucleosides. AB - We have examined the conformational energetics of the eight most commonly occurring nucleosides--A, U, G, C, dA, dT, dG, dC--as monitored by a semi empirical energy force field. These are the first reported calculations to completely explore the entire conformational spaces available to all eight major nucleosides using experimentally consistent furanose geometries and an appropriate force field. Central to our approach is the ability to model an experimentally reasonable furanose for each nucleoside directly from only one parameter, the phase angle of pseudorotation P, as described in the previous paper (D.A. Pearlman, and S.-H. Kim, preceeding paper in this issue). This allows us to specify the conformation of a nucleoside by three variables: torsion angle gamma (O5'-C5'-C4'-C3'); torsion angle chi (O4'-C1'-N9/N1-C4/C2); and P. In our study each of these parameters was allowed to vary independently and in small increments over the range 0-360 degrees. The empirically observed preferences for C3'-endo and C2'-endo sugar conformations, for anti and syn values of chi and for staggered (g+, t, g-) values of gamma can be explained on the basis of the energy maps so obtained. Finer details, such as the different conformational preferences of ribonucleosides and deoxyribonucleosides and of purines and pyrimidines, can also be extracted from these maps and are consistent with experiment. The calculations support previous descriptions of pseudorotation as hindered. Statistical Boltzmann population factors for different conformational ranges in gamma, chi, and P, as predicted by the calculations, are consistent with factors obtained from crystallographic data. The excellent results here provide additional support for the suitability of the new sugar modeling technique used. PMID- 3917022 TI - Orientation of DNA molecules in agarose gels by pulsed electric fields. AB - The electric birefringence of DNA restriction fragments of three different sizes, 622, 1426, and 2936 base pairs, imbedded in agarose gels of different concentrations, was measured. The birefringence relaxation times observed in the gels are equal to the values observed in free solution, if the median pore diameter of the gel is larger than the effective hydrodynamic length of the DNA molecule in solution. However, if the median pore diameter is smaller than the apparent hydrodynamic length, the birefringence relaxation times increase markedly, becoming equal to the values expected for the birefringence relaxation of fully stretched DNA molecules. This apparent elongation indicates that end-on migration, or reptation is a likely mechanism for the electrophoresis of large DNA molecules in agarose gels. The relaxation times of the stretched DNA molecules scale with molecular weight (or contour length) as N2.8, in reasonable agreement with reptation theories. PMID- 3917023 TI - The twist, writhe, and linking number distributions in closed circular DNA. AB - We discuss the predictions which follow from the assumption of statistically independent twist and writhe distributions of given variances in circular DNA with single-strand nicks. The nature of the topoisomer distribution produced upon covalent closure of the nicks is described, as well as the nature of the twist and writhe distributions in the fully-closed molecules. In particular, we show how the distributions depend on the magnitudes of the given variances, and how the relative magnitudes of the variances can be deduced from experiment. One additional consequence of the theory is the prediction of a necessary difference between the temperature coefficient of the twist in nicked versus fully-closed circular DNA. The ratio of the two twist coefficients turns out to depend only on the ratio of the twist and writhe variances in nicked DNA. PMID- 3917024 TI - A pH-dependent structural transition in the homopurine-homopyrimidine tract in superhelical DNA. AB - We have inserted the 509-bp-long fragment of sea urchin P. miliaris histone gene spacer region into plasmid pUC19. The fragment contains the 60-bp-long homopurine homopyrimidine tract that is known to be hypersensitive to the S1 endonuclease. Using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis we have observed a sharp structural transition in the insert with increasing DNA superhelicity. As in the cases of cruciform and Z form formation, the observed transition partly relaxes the superhelical stress. In contrast with the other two well documented transitions, the observed transition strongly depends on pH. At pH7 and above the transition occurs at negative superhelicities exceeding the physiological range (- sigma greater than 0.08). For pH6 the transition occurs at -sigma = 0.055, whereas for pH4.3 it takes place at -sigma = 0.001. A comprehensive analysis of the obtained data has made it possible to define the nature of the observed transition. We conclude that under superhelical stress or/and at low pH homopurinehomopyrimidine tracts adopt a novel spatial structure called the H form. PMID- 3917025 TI - Hybrid oligomer of cyclonucleotides and deoxynucleotides. A high anti left-handed double helical DNA structure. AB - It has been shown by us that oligonucleotides containing cyclonucleosides with a high anti glycosidic conformation take left-handed, single and double helical structures (S. Uesugi, J. Yano, E. Yano and M. Ikehara, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 99,2313 (1977) and references therein). In order to see whether DNA can adopt the high anti left-handed double helical structure or not, a self-complementary hexanucleotide containing 6,2'-O-cyclocytidine (C 0). 8,2'-O-cycloguanosine (G 0), deoxycytidine and deoxyguanosine, C 0 G 0 dCdGC 0 G 0, was synthesized. Corresponding hexanucleotide containing only cyclonucleosides, C 0 G 0 C 0 G 0 C 0 G 0, was also synthesized. Their conformation was examined by UV, CD and 1H NMR spectroscopy. C 0 G 0 C 0 G 0 C 0 G 0 forms an unusually stable, left-handed duplex. Imino proton NMR spectra and the results of nuclear Overhauser effect experiments strongly suggest that C 0 G 0 dCdGC0 G 0 take a left-handed double helical structure where the deoxynucleoside residues are involved in hydrogen bonding and take a high anti glycosidic conformation. Thus it is revealed that DNA could form a high anti, left-handed double helix which is different from that of Z-DNA under some constrained conditions. PMID- 3917026 TI - The predicted presence of large helical structural variation in yeast HIS4 upstream region is correlated with general amino acid control on the CYC1 gene. AB - A series of CYC1 constructions in which the upstream promoter portion has been replaced by a variety of HIS4 synthetic fragments has demonstrated that the 5' TGACTC 3' repeat is crucial for conferring amino acid general control. Efficient regulation, however, is obtained only with fragments containing both the repeat and flanking sequences. Analysis of the flanks shows the presence of a 16 nucleotide long sequence composed of alterations of two purines and two pyrimidines between the upstream and downstream repeats. Such a sequence has very large twist angle variations. Homologous sequence are observed in HIS1, HIS3, and in TRP5 upstream regions between copies of the repeat. Sequences which confer special structural characteristics may aid in protein recognition of the promoter region. PMID- 3917027 TI - Comparison between poly(dG-dC).poly(dG-dC) and DNA modified by cis diamminedichloroplatinum (II): immunological and spectroscopic studies. AB - The importance of the base composition and of the conformation of nucleic acids in the reaction with the drug cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) has been studied by competition experiments between the drug and several double-stranded polydeoxyribonucleotides. Binding to poly(dG).poly(dC) is larger than to poly (dG dC).poly(dG-dC). There is no preferential binding in the competition between poly(dG-dC).poly(dG-dC), poly(dA-dC).poly(dG-dT) and poly(dA-dG).poly(dC-dT). In the competition between poly(dG-dC).poly (dG-dC) (B conformation) and poly(dG br5dC).poly(dG-br5dC) (Z conformation), the drug binds equally well to both polynucleotides. In natural DNA, modification of guanine residues in (GC)n.(GC)n sequences by the drug has been revealed by the inhibition of cleavage of these sequences by the restriction enzyme BssHII. By means of antibodies to platinated poly(dG-dC), it is shown that some of the adducts formed in platinated poly(dG dC) are also formed in platinated pBR322 DNA. The type of adducts recognized the antibodies is not known. Thin layer chromatography of the products after chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis of platinated poly(dG-dC) suggests that interstrand cross-links are formed. Finally, the conformations of poly(dG-dC) modified either by cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) or by trans-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) have been compared by circular dichroism. Both the cis-isomer and the trans isomer stabilize the Z conformation when they bind to poly(dG-m5dC) in the Z conformation. When they bind to poly(dG-m5dC) in the B conformation, the conformations of poly(dG-m5dC) modified by the cis or the trans-isomer are different. Moreover, the cis-isomer facilitates the B form-Z form transition of the unplatinated regions while the trans-isomer makes it more difficult. PMID- 3917028 TI - Molecular structure, stereochemistry and interactions of steffimycin B, and DNA binding anthracycline antibiotic. AB - The crystal and molecular structure of anthracycline antibiotic steffimycin B(C29H32O13) has been determined by X-ray diffraction and the stereochemistry revealed. The orthorhombic crystals belong to space group P2(1)2(1)2(1), with the dimensions; a = 8.253 (2), b = 8.198 (2), c = 40.850 (8) A and Z = 4. Intensity data were collected for 2518 independent reflections. The structure was solved by direct methods and refined to an R value of 0.066 for 1410 reflections. The configuration in ring A is 7R,8S,9S. Ring A adopts half chair conformation, while the sugar ring has the regular chair conformation. The molecule most probably binds to double helical DNA through intercalation and hydrogen bonding. PMID- 3917029 TI - Temperature jump relaxation studies on the interactions between transfer RNAs with complementary anticodons. The effect of modified bases adjacent to the anticodon triplet. AB - We have used the temperature-jump relaxation technique to determine the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters for the association between the following tRNAs pairs having complementary anticodons: tRNA(Ser) with tRNA(Gly), tRNA(Cys) with tRNA(Ala) and tRNA(Trp) with tRNA(Pro). The anticodon sequence of E. coli tRNA(Ser), GGA, is complementary to the U*CC anticodon of E. coli tRNA(Gly(2] (where U* is a still unknown modified uridine base) and A37 is not modified in none of these two tRNAs. E. coli tRNA(Ala) has a VGC anticodon (V is 5-oxyacetic acid uridine) while tRNA(Cys) has the complementary GCA anticodon with a modified adenine on the 3' side, namely 2-methylthio N6-isopentenyl adenine (mS2i6A37) in E. Coli tRNA(Cys) and N6-isopentenyl adenine (i6A37) in yeast tRNA(Cys). The brewer yeast tRNA(Trp) (anticodon CmCA) differs from the wild type E. coli tRNA(Trp) (anticodon CCA) in several positions of the nucleotide sequence. Nevertheless, in the anticodon loop, only two interesting differences are present: A37 is not modified while C34 at the first anticodon position is modified into a ribose 2'-O methyl derivative (Cm). The corresponding complementary tRNA is E.coli tRNA(Pro) with the VGG anticodon. Our results indicate a dominant effect of the nature and sequence of the anticodon bases and their nearest neighbor in the anticodon loop (particularly at position 37 on the 3' side); no detectable influence of modifications in the other tRNA stems has been detected. We found a strong stabilizing effect of the methylthio group on i6A37 as compared to isopentenyl modification of the same residue. We have not been able so far to assess the effect of isopentenyl modification alone in comparison to unmodified A37. The results obtained with the complex yeast tRNA(Trp)-E.coli tRNA(Pro) also suggest that a modification of C34 to Cm34 does not significantly increase the stability of tRNA(Trp) association with its complementary anticodon in tRNA(Pro). The observations are discussed in the light of inter- and intra-strand stacking interactions among the anticodon triplets and with the purine base adjacent to them, and of possible biological implications. PMID- 3917030 TI - The effect of spermine binding on the reactivity of DNA towards carcinogenic alkylating agents. AB - The effect of spermine binding on the electrostatic potential of DNA is evaluated. The calculations are performed for the essential reactive sites, atoms N7 and O6 of guanine, N3 and N7 of adenine, of the nucleic acid and for its surface envelope. An important weakening of the potential is found affecting all the important reactive sites in both grooves and spreading moreover along the polynucleotide chain far away from the site of binding of the ligand. These results are discussed in connection with the experimentally observed inhibitory effect of spermine binding on DNA methylation by carcinogenic agents. PMID- 3917031 TI - A theoretical investigation on the sequence selective binding of daunomycin to double-stranded polynucleotides. AB - Theoretical computations are performed on the structural and energetical factors involved in the sequence selective binding of daunomycin (DNM) to six representative self-complementary double-stranded hexanucleotides: d(CGTACG)2,d(CGATCG)2,d(CITACI)2, d(TATATA)2, d(CGCGCG)2 and d(TACGTA)2. The conformational angles of the hexanucleotides are fixed in values found in the representative crystal structure of the d(CGTACG)2-DNM complex. The intermolecular DNM-hexanucleotide interaction energies and the conformational energy changes of DNM upon binding are computed and optimized in the framework of the SIBFA procedure, which uses empirical formulas based on ab initio SCF computations. Among the two regularly alternating hexanucleotides, d(TATATA)2 and d(CGCGCG)2, a stronger binding is predicted for the former, in agreement with experimental results obtained with poly(dA-dT).poly(dA-dT) and poly(dG dC).poly(dG-dC). Altogether, however, among the six investigated sequences, the strongest complexes are computed for the mixed hexanucleotides d(CGATCG)2 and d(CGTACG)2, containing the intercalation site between two CG base pairs and an adjacent TA base pair. This situation may be related to the increased affinity of DNM for GC rich DNA's and to the situation in the crystal structure of the DNM d(CGTACG)2 complex. Analysis of the intrinsic base sequence preferences expressed by the individual constituents of DNM, namely the daunosamine side chain, the chromophore ring and its two 9-hydroxyl and 9-acetoxy substituents, reveals that the overall sequence preference found is the result of a rather intricate interplay of intrinsic sequence preferences, in particular at the level of daunosamine and the 9-hydroxyl substituent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3917032 TI - Recognition of the structural distortions at the junctions between B and Z segments in negatively supercoiled DNA by osmium tetroxide. AB - It has been shown for the first time that conformational junction between contiguous right-handed B and left-handed Z segments can be recognized by a chemical probe. Plasmid pRW751 containing (dC-dG)13 and (dC-dG)16 blocks was treated with osmium tetroxide, pyridine (a reagent known to be single-strand selective) at physiological ionic conditions (0.1 and 0.2 M NaCl) and neutral pH. Mapping of the osmium binding sites by restriction enzyme digestion followed by nuclease S1 cleavage has revealed selective binding of osmium at, or near to, the end of the (dC-dG)n segments proximal to the 95 bp lac sequence. The junction of the shorter (dC-dG)13 segment was modified to a substantially greater extent than that of the longer segment. Partial inhibition of DNA cleavage by BamHI was observed at the restriction sites neighbouring to the both (dC-dG)n segments as a result of DNA modification by osmium tetroxide. The site-selective modification occurred only in supercoiled and not in relaxed molecules. Differences in the sensitivity of the B/Z junctions in pRW751 to the osmium tetroxide were explained by different structural features of these junctions. PMID- 3917033 TI - The structure of yeast tRNA(Asp). A model for tRNA interacting with messenger RNA. AB - The anticodon of yeast tRNA(Asp), GUC, presents the peculiarity to be self complementary, with a slight mismatch at the uridine position. In the orthorhombic crystal lattice, tRNA(Asp) molecules are associated by anticodon anticodon interactions through a two-fold symmetry axis. The anticodon triplets of symmetrically related molecules are base paired and stacked in a normal helical conformation. A stacking interaction between the anticodon loops of two two-fold related tRNA molecules also exists in the orthorhombic form of yeast tRNA(Phe). In that case however the GAA anticodon cannot be base paired. Two characteristic differences can be correlated with the anticodon-anticodon association: the distribution of temperature factors as determined from the X-ray crystallographic refinements and the interaction between T and D loops. In tRNA(Asp) T and D loops present higher temperature factors than the anticodon loop, in marked contrast to the situation in tRNA(Phe). This variation is a consequence of the anticodon-anticodon base pairing which rigidifies the anticodon loop and stem. A transfer of flexibility to the corner of the tRNA molecule disrupts the G19-C56 tertiary interactions. Chemical mapping of the N3 position of cytosine 56 and analysis of self-splitting patterns of tRNA(Asp) substantiate such a correlation. PMID- 3917034 TI - RNA structural dynamics: pre-melting and melting transitions in E. coli 5S rRNA. AB - The temperature dependent transition from duplex to a single strand in E. coli 5S ribosomal RNA is a multistep process, and it involves intermediate states. We have analyzed these structural dynamics by chemical modification of cytidines and by single strand specific nuclease digestions. This combined approach led to the characterization of premelting and melting transitions within individual structural segments of the native macromolecule, which we feel may find general application to the structure of biological polyribonucleotides: 1) G-C base pairs at the termini of helices are relatively unstable and they readily undergo premelting transition. 2) Internal G-U/A-U rich stretches of helices exhibit dynamic premelting properties. 3) Hairpin loops have a relatively stronger destabilizing effect than internal loops. 4) Bulge loops destabilize the neighbouring base pairs. 5) Melting of helical segments occurs starting from the destabilizing structures listed above, preferentially from the helix termini. E. coli 5S rRNA has been shown to adopt different conformations. The presence of urea leads to induction of enhancement in the sensitivity for nuclease S1 at several nucleotide positions. The possibility of structural rearrangements will be discussed. PMID- 3917035 TI - On the toroidal condensed state of closed circular DNA. AB - The influence of double helix torsional elasticity on the compaction and structure of circular DNA compact form is studied theoretically in the case when the compact (globular) form has torus shape. For closed circular DNA the topological invariant, the linking number, yields a strict connection between conformation of the double helix considered as unifilar homopolymer and elastic energy of torsional twisting. The contribution of torsional elasticity to the free energy of the toruslike globule is calculated. This contribution is shown to be proportional to the square of superhelical density. Allowance of the torsional elasticity decreases the equilibrium radius of the toruslike globule formed by circular DNA. Closure of linear DNA into a ring widens the stability range of the relatively short DNA compact form and tightens it for long DNA. PMID- 3917036 TI - Delineation of coding areas in DNA sequences through assignment of codon probabilities. AB - Codon usage tables have been produced for E. coli, yeast, human, and mouse. The nonrandom employment of codons allows assignment of probability values to trinucleotides in any DNA sequence. These values represent the probability that a given trinucleotide is used as a codon in the organism from which the table is derived. For the graphical delineation of coding areas in DNA sequences, a probability is assigned to each trinucleotide equal to its frequency in the codon table. Averaging and smoothing procedures then greatly enhance the detectability of areas of high average codon probability and better represent the mean codon probability. These manipulations increase graphical clarity without altering the overall magnitude of probabilities. Averaging introduces an error of less than 0.5% between "raw" and smoothed data. This graphical delineation of coding sequences does not depend on the presence of punctuation, ribosomal binding sites, etc: moreover the delineation of introns and exons is also possible. PMID- 3917037 TI - Conformational changes in DNA and soft modes. AB - In this paper we explore the applicability of the soft mode approach to study the conformational transitions of DNA. It is believed that the A-B conformation change is a first order transition. Soft mode theories only apply to the initial stages of a first order transition. However the mode softening in such a case can be the initiating factor which ultimately leads to the transition. The first order transition is, then, a breakdown of what otherwise would have been a true second order transition. The mode softening is causally connected to onset of the transition. We use the eigenvectors obtained from lattice dynamics calculations to identify the softmode. We use the eigenvector projections to form a force constant matrix that is required to drive a mode soft. We explore the methods by which this force constant matrix can be formed. We suggest that the breaking of specific "water bridges" between phosphate groups in the two single strands can drive the conformation change. PMID- 3917038 TI - A method for the determination of furanose ring coordinates in its pseudorotation circuit for different amplitudes of pucker. AB - Interconversion between energetically favored molecular conformations must proceed through less favored intermediate states. Thus, a knowledge of the nucleotide furanose ring conformations, other than the crystallographically well determined ones, are of interest in investigating nucleotide conformational energies and dynamics. The sugar ring flexibility affects the conformation and dynamics of the monomer and determines the range of feasible nucleic acid secondary and tertiary structures. We have generated furanose geometries for varying amplitudes of pucker over its entire range of pseudorotation by making use of a ring closure procedure and the empirical dependence of endocyclic bond lengths and bond angles on sugar pucker. Atomic coordinates are tabulated here for the furanose ring at pseudorotation phase angle intervals of 9 degrees for the average amplitude (tau m) of pucker of 39 degrees as well as for decreased (20 degrees and 30 degrees) and increased (44 degrees) values of tau m. However, the coordinates for any values of P and tau m can be readily calculated. PMID- 3917039 TI - Structural model for the trialkyltin binding site on cat hemoglobin. AB - The binding site for trialkyltin complexes on the alpha- chain of cat oxyhemoglobins is proposed to involve the SG and NE2 atoms of Cys-13 and His-113 respectively. On deoxygenation, the conformation of this region changes substantially, allowing complexation only through the ND1 nitrogen atom of His 113, a much less favorable interaction. Thus the model presented explains the preferential binding of trialkyltin complexes to R-state cat hemoglobin and suggests the type of interaction that is likely to occur between these compounds and a variety of less well-characterized enzymes to produce the metabolic effects that trialkyltin complexes are known to produce in vivo. PMID- 3917040 TI - Molecular structure of peptaibol antibiotics: solution conformation and crystal structure of the octapeptide corresponding to the 2-9 sequence of emerimicins III and IV. AB - The infrared absorption and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance analyses of chloroform solutions of the terminally-blocked segment corresponding to the 2-9 sequence of emerimicins III and IV, -(Aib)3-L-Val-Gly-L-Leu-(Aib)2-, are consistent with the presence of a 3(10)-helical structure of high thermal stability. The crystal structure of the octapeptide, obtained by X-ray diffraction indicates the formation of a right-handed 3(10)-helix, stabilized by six consecutive intramolecular N-H....O:C H-bonds, slightly distorted at the level of the L-Leu residue. PMID- 3917041 TI - Computer simulation of aqueous biomolecular systems. AB - Computer simulation techniques are increasingly being used to predict structural and thermodynamic properties of large heterogeneous macromolecule and solvent assemblies. We discuss, with examples from our own studies, some problems we and others have experienced in using these techniques, which were originally devised for simple liquids. In particular, we consider the problems which arise from the large size and heterogeneity of macromolecule water systems, comparisons with experimental data and equilibrium and sampling procedures. PMID- 3917042 TI - [The effects and activity of essential phospholipids]. PMID- 3917043 TI - [Echocardiographic evaluation of pericardial effusion in chronic kidney insufficiency]. PMID- 3917044 TI - [Echinococcosis of the greater omentum]. PMID- 3917045 TI - [A familial epidemic of Q-fever in Herzegovina]. PMID- 3917046 TI - [Clinical significance of a study of T and B lymphocytes in children with systemic lupus erythematosus and chronic juvenile arthritis]. PMID- 3917047 TI - [Psychological changes after kidney transplantation]. PMID- 3917048 TI - [Gastrin in gastric and duodenal ulcer disease]. PMID- 3917049 TI - [The mitral valve prolapse syndrome (echocardiographic diagnosis and case reports from clinical practice)]. PMID- 3917050 TI - [Justification for the use of the vasculator in the treatment (rehabilitation) of post-traumatic edema of the lower extremities]. PMID- 3917052 TI - [The importance of the determination of immunoglobulins and albumin in the aqueous humor in patients with uveitis]. PMID- 3917051 TI - [Determination of antiepileptic serum levels in patients with mono- and polytherapy in correlation with the clinical picture of the disease]. PMID- 3917053 TI - [Acute abdomen in infancy]. PMID- 3917054 TI - [Drug therapy of ulcer disease in ambulatory care]. PMID- 3917055 TI - [Disorders of cardiac rhythm in coronary disease in the elderly]. PMID- 3917056 TI - [Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty]. PMID- 3917057 TI - [The importance of adenoidectomy in the treatment of latent types of middle ear diseases in children]. PMID- 3917058 TI - [Therapy of resistant depression]. PMID- 3917059 TI - [Radiotherapy planning in malignant cerebral tumors using computer tomography]. PMID- 3917060 TI - [Serum immunoglobulin levels and bacteriologic status of the tonsils in children with tonsillectomies]. PMID- 3917061 TI - [Radiographic characteristics of gynecomastia]. PMID- 3917062 TI - [Granulomatous orchitis]. PMID- 3917063 TI - [Pregnancy and labor in 2 patients with artificial heart valves (case reports)]. PMID- 3917064 TI - [Pharmaceutical availability of cortisone acetate ointment]. PMID- 3917065 TI - [The influence of gonadectomy on histochemical responses of epithelial cells in the duodenum of the white rat. I]. PMID- 3917066 TI - [Cytostatic activity of the lactone fraction of Alchemilla pastoralis B u s]. PMID- 3917067 TI - [Epidemiologic position of viral hepatitis occurrence in the Lublin district in the years 1971-1980]. PMID- 3917068 TI - The influence of Biseptol 480 on histochemical reactions in the testicle of the rat after surgical removal of a kidney or a liver lobe. PMID- 3917069 TI - [Synthesis of 1-dialkylaminoalkyl-2-methyl-5-phenyl-imidazoline]. PMID- 3917070 TI - Some pharmacokinetic parameters of amoxycyline (amoxycyline--a preparation at the stage of preproductive examinations). PMID- 3917071 TI - Some pharmacokinetic parameters of ampicyline. PMID- 3917072 TI - [Radiologic diagnosis of lumbar spinal stenosis]. PMID- 3917073 TI - The effect of DCCD, HQNO or Cd2+ on glutamate oxidation in Staphylococcus aureus. PMID- 3917074 TI - Diagnosis and treatment of female infertility on the basis of material from the Ist Clinic of Operative Gynecology of Medical Academy in Lublin in 1975-1982. PMID- 3917075 TI - [Procedures in preneoplastic conditions of the vulva based on a personal case load]. PMID- 3917076 TI - [Pharmacologic properties of new 5-benzylidene derivatives of 3-m-nitrophenyl-2 thiohydantoin]. PMID- 3917077 TI - [Evaluation of lead content in the urine of women during pregnancy and the puerperium]. PMID- 3917078 TI - [Fascicles of deep branches of the radial nerve in the post-fetal life of man]. PMID- 3917079 TI - [Myelin fibers of deep radial nerve branches during the post fetal life of man]. PMID- 3917080 TI - On the problem of usefulness of angiography in the diagnosis of intracranial aneurysms. PMID- 3917081 TI - [Evaluation of diagnostic accuracy in laryngeal cancer in the Lublin region in 1983]. PMID- 3917082 TI - [Anal suppositories containing antiphlogistic and analgesic substances. III. Stability of anal suppositories containing mefenamic acid prepared on selected hydrophobic bases]. PMID- 3917083 TI - [Effect of propranolol on the response of baroreceptor reflexes during stimulation of the aortic nerve in rabbits]. PMID- 3917084 TI - [Solutions for injecting in plastic containers. II]. PMID- 3917085 TI - [The value of tomographic cholangiography in diagnosing the non-visualized gall bladder]. PMID- 3917086 TI - [Selected problems in the biological treatment of dental pulp]. PMID- 3917087 TI - Experimental studies on the influence of Cephradine on the duodenum mucous membrane. PMID- 3917088 TI - [Treatment of psoriasis with cocarboxylase made by Polfa]. PMID- 3917089 TI - [Experimental study of the vascular prosthesis "Dallon" with velour on both sides]. PMID- 3917090 TI - [Behavior of ketone bodies and some carbohydrate metabolism indicators in the blood of patients with various features of paralytic stroke]. PMID- 3917091 TI - [Behavior of ketone bodies and some carbohydrate metabolism indicators in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with various features of stroke]. PMID- 3917092 TI - [Behavior of ketone bodies and some carbohydrate metabolism indicators in the blood of patient with various features of stroke after intravenous glucose loading]. PMID- 3917093 TI - [Behavior of ketone bodies and some carbohydrate metabolism indicators in the blood of patients with cerebral infarction in the earliest and later stages after intravenous glucose loading]. PMID- 3917094 TI - [A technique for preparing oral suspensions with sulfaguanidine]. PMID- 3917095 TI - [Concentrations of glucose, lactic and pyruvic acids in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with cerebral infarction after intravenous glucose loading (further studies)]. PMID- 3917096 TI - Balance of nurses' working time as exemplified by the nurses employed in intensive cardiological care units and cardiological wards. PMID- 3917097 TI - Utilization of working time by nurses in intensive cardiological care units. PMID- 3917098 TI - [Experimental examination of the influence of Imuran (azathioprine) on the content of hydroxyproline in perfusion fluid of isolated liver in healthy rats and after chronic CCl4 poisoning]. PMID- 3917099 TI - [Experimental examination of the interaction and inducing influence of Imuran (azathioprine) on healthy and injured parenchymatous cells of rat liver]. PMID- 3917100 TI - [The influence of enzymatic induction on the content of hydroxyproline in perfusion fluid of isolated liver in healthy rats and in rats after chronic intoxication with CCl4]. PMID- 3917101 TI - [Dynamics of change in the status of peripheral blood during radical treatment with irradiation in patients with cervical cancer]. PMID- 3917102 TI - [Radiation load of patients under maximum dose radiotherapy (Ra226 and Co60) of cervical cancer. Comparison of three techniques of external field irradiation]. PMID- 3917103 TI - [Treatment of infected fractures with external fixation]. PMID- 3917104 TI - [Solutions for injection in plastic containers]. PMID- 3917105 TI - [Eye pellets with pilocarpine hydrochloride]. PMID- 3917106 TI - [Gallbladder measurements in the green monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops) and their dependence on liver and body weight]. PMID- 3917107 TI - [Enuresis; an approach]. PMID- 3917108 TI - [Incidence of dental caries in students after topical application of acidulated phosphate fluoride with or without fluoride mouthwashes; comparative study]. PMID- 3917109 TI - [Introduction of modifications in teaching-apprenticeship methodology in complete dentures. 1]. PMID- 3917110 TI - [Regionalization of basic dental services: the importance of interinstitutional integration]. PMID- 3917111 TI - [Reimplantation of avulsed teeth]. PMID- 3917112 TI - [Papilloma in bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana, Shaw, 1802)]. PMID- 3917113 TI - [Physical education; critique of acritical training]. PMID- 3917114 TI - Interactions of poly-N6-methyladenylic acid and N6-substituted-9-methyladenines with poly-5-bromouridylic acid: a novel base-pairing. AB - The interaction of poly-N6-methyladenylic acid (poly(m6A) with poly-5 bromouridylic acid (poly(BU) was studied by the mixing curve method. A.1 m6A: 2 BU stoichiometry was clearly indicated over a wide range of ionic strengths at neutral pH, while the binding of poly(m6A) to poly(U) is known to occur with 1 m6A:1 U. Digestion by nuclease S1 confirmed this stoichiometry, indicating the absence of single strands in a 1:2 mixture. Heating profile analysis and hydroxyapatite column chromatography provided further confirmation of this finding. To determine whether 1:2 stoichiometry holds in a monomer-polymer system, the interaction of N6-methyl-9-methyladenine (m6m9A), a corresponding monomer of poly(m6A), with poly(BU) was investigated. Equilibrium dialysis experiments showed the stoichiometry of the interaction to be 1 m6A:2 BU. Thus, we would describe some structural studies of the above complexes using c.d. and i.r. spectroscopy. Poly (m6A).2poly(BU) and m6m9A.2poly(BU) are helical and analogous to each other in structure, and the bases in the complexes are all bound by hydrogen-bonding. N6-(delta 2-isopentenyl)- and N6-allyl-9-methyladenine were also found to form complexes with poly(BU), giving similar c.d. spectra with that of m6m9A.2poly(BU). The melting experiments indicated the Tms to be substantially decreased, compared to the parent unmodified complexes, even though the Tm dependence of the polymer complex on salt concentration conforms to the typical triple strand. In the following, the biological significance of this novel pairing will be discussed. PMID- 3917115 TI - Flexibility of 3',5' deoxyribonucleoside diphosphates. AB - In 3',5' deoxyribonucleoside diphosphates, in addition to the nature of the base and the sugar puckering, there are six single bond rotations. However, from the analysis of crystal structure data on the constituents of nucleic acids, only three rotational angles, that are about glycosyl bond, about C4'-C5' and about C3'-O3' bonds, are flexible. For a given sugar puckering and a base, potential energy calculations using non-bonded, electrostatic and torsional functions were carried out by varying the three torsion angles. The energies are represented as isopotential energy surfaces. Since the availability of the real-time color graphics, it is possible to analyse these isopotential energy surfaces. The calculations were carried out for C3' exo and C3' endo puckerings for deoxyribose and also for four bases. These calculations throw more light not only on the allowed regions for the three rotational angles but also on the relationships among them. The dependence of base and the puckering of the sugar on these rotational angles and thereby the flexibility of the 3',5' deoxyribonucleoside diphosphates is discussed. From our calculations, it is now possible to follow minimum energy path for interconversion among various conformers. PMID- 3917116 TI - The flexibility of alternating dA-dT sequences. AB - The flexibility of alternating poly (dA-dT) has been investigated by the technique of transient electric dichroism. Rotational relaxation times, which are very sensitive to changes in the end-to-end length of flexible polymers, are determined from the field free dichroism decay curves of four, well defined fragments of poly (dA-dT) ranging in size from 136 to 270 base pairs. Persistence lengths, calculated from the results of Hagerman and Zimm (Biopolymers (1981) 29, 1481-1502), are in the range 200-250 A. This makes alternating dA-dT sequences about twice as flexible as naturally occurring, "random" sequence DNA. Considering a bend around a nucleosome, for example, this difference in persistence length translates to an energy difference between poly (dA-dT) and random sequence DNA of 0.17 kT/base pair or 1 kcal per 10 base pair stretch. This energy difference is sufficiently large to suggest that dA-dT sequences could serve as markers in DNA packaging, for example, at sites where DNA must tightly bend to accommodate structures. PMID- 3917117 TI - Fibre X-ray and conformational study of the binding of metal ions on DNA. AB - Results obtained from X-ray diffraction as well as from conformational analysis of Ag-DNA fibres are presented. For small percentages of Ag+ bound and high humidity, the B-DNA form is maintained. As the percentage of Ag+ is increased, the helical parameters of the B-DNA are modified. These modifications are directly related to the percentage of G-C bases. The periodicity of the DNA fibres are perturbed as Ag+ is mainly bound to G-C pairs and, thus, only the equatorial diffracted intensities can be compared to values calculated from molecular models. It is shown, by this way, that the first binding site is located on N7 of G. A second site is situated between N3 and N1 of the G-C pair, at the place of a hydrogen bond. A molecular model of the Ag-DNA complex is proposed and shown to be in agreement with experimental data. Results obtained allow to get some information on the binding of other ions such as Cu2+ and Hg2+ which give very little modification of the fibre X-ray patterns. PMID- 3917118 TI - A model of the strain-induced B-Z transition. AB - The B-to-Z transition in supercoiled circular DNA is modeled as a strain-induced nonlinear excitation process. Using a model, in which DNA is regarded as a chain of units with a bistable energy function along the twisting coordinate together with a harmonic inter-unit interaction, we show that a Z region and the accompanying two B-Z junctions of finite width appear naturally as a solution of nonlinear equations, when the strain exceeds a critical value. We examine the B-Z transition behaviour as a function of twist under various situations. We also analyse available experimental results on B-Z transition in supercoiled plasmid with G-C insertions by this mechanistic model in order to estimate the magnitude of model parameters. The energy barrier of the B-Z transition is estimated to be of the order of 1 kcal/mole per base pair. The analysis shows that if the length of the insertion is less than a certain value, the entire insertion converts to Z form at a transition point, but if the insertion is much longer, the B-Z transition exhibits a different behavior, in which part of the insertion flips to Z form and the Z region expands linearly upon changing linking number. PMID- 3917119 TI - Sequence-dependent bending of DNA and phasing of nucleosomes. AB - Conformational analysis has revealed anisotropic flexibility of the B-DNA double helix: it bends most easily into the grooves, being the most rigid when bent in a perpendicular direction. This result implies that DNA in a nucleosome is curved by means of relatively sharp bends ("mini-kinks") which are directed into the major and minor grooves alternatively and separated by 5-6 base pairs. The "mini kink" model proved to be in keeping with the x-ray structure of the B-DNA dodecamer resolved later, which exhibits two "annealed kinks", also directed into the grooves. The anisotropy of B DNA is sequence-dependent: the pyrimidine-purine dimers (YR) favor bending into the minor groove, and the purine-pyrimidine dinucleotides (RY), into the minor one. The RR and YY dimers appear to be the most rigid dinucleotides. Thus, a DNA fragment consisting of the interchanging oligopurine and oligopyrimidine blocks 5-6 base pairs long should manifest a spectacular curvature in solution. Similarly, a nucleotide sequence containing the RY and YR dimers separated by a half-pitch of the double helix is the most suitable for wrapping around the nucleosomal core. Analysis of the numerous examples demonstrating the specific alignment of nucleosomes on DNA confirms this concept. So, the sequence-dependent "mechanical" properties of the double helix influence the spatial arrangement of DNA in chromatin. PMID- 3917120 TI - Energy minimization for tertiary structure prediction of homologous proteins: alpha 1-purothionin and viscotoxin A3 models from crambin. AB - Homologous proteins may fold into similar three-dimensional structures. Spectroscopic evidence suggests this is true for the cereal grain thionins, the mistletoe toxins, and for crambin, three classes of plant proteins. We have combined primary sequence homology and energy minimization to predict the structures alpha 1-purothionin (from Durum wheat) and viscotoxin A3 (from Viscum album, European mistletoe) from the high resolution (0.945 A) crystal structure of crambin (from Crambe abyssinica). Our predictions will be verifiable because we have diffraction-quality crystals of alpha 1-purothionin whose structure we are have predicted. The potential energy minimizations for each protein were performed both with and without harmonic constraints to its initial backbone to explore the existence of local minima for the predicted proteins. Crambin was run as a control to examine the effects of the potential energy minimization on a protein with a well-known structure. Only alpha 1-purothionin which has one fewer residue in a turn region shows a significant difference for the two minimization paths. The results of these predictions suggest that alpha 1-purothionin and viscotoxin are amphipathic proteins, and this character may relate to the mechanism of action for these proteins. Both are mildly membrane-active and their amphipatic character is well suited for interaction with a lipid bilayer. PMID- 3917121 TI - Calculations of the conformations of Iturin A in relation with NMR studies. AB - Iturin A is an antifungal antibiotic which was isolated from a strain of Bacillus subtilis, and contains a lipophilic beta amino acid closing an heptapeptide cycle with polar L and D residues. Iturin A belongs to a lipopeptide family of which the LDDLLDL sequence is kept constant. NMR spectroscopy and semi-empirical energy calculations are combined to design the conformations of Iturin A in pyridine solution. J coupling constants and nOes (nuclear Overhauser enhancements) are used as guiding line for energy calculations. This preliminary study shows that Iturin A in pyridine appears as rather rigid, especially in the L Pro 5-D Asn 6 region, probably involved in a beta turn. The polar side chains can form different networks of intramolecular hydrogen bonds. The Tyr side chain, relatively mobile, could be involved in interactions with an hydrophobic environment as the beta amino acid side chain found away from the peptide cycle. PMID- 3917123 TI - Progression of spontaneous malignant transformation of epithelial rat liver cell lines. AB - Cultured epithelial cell lines from normal rat livers were shown to undergo gradual transformation and malignancy which increased with time. Morphological changes appeared both before and after cells had attained a malignant state, as detected by agar tests. The progression of the degree of malignancy was determined by the morphological appearance of the cells, the increase in the number and size of cell colonies in soft agar, the expression of gamma glutamyl transferase (gamma GT) and the shortening of the latency period necessary for tumor formation after transplantation to syngeneic rats of cells from sequential passages. PMID- 3917122 TI - Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of xenoclauxin and desacetyl duclauxin from Penicillium duclauxii (Delacroix). AB - The duclauxin derivatives xenoclauxin and desacetylduclauxin were examined for their effects on the growth of L-1210 murine leukemia cells, on the induction of DNA repair in the rat and mouse hepatocyte primary culture (HPC/DNA repair test), and on oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria from rat livers in comparison to duclauxin. Both derivatives inhibited the growth of L-1210 culture cells as strongly as duclauxin. Duclauxin derivatives were negative in the HPC/DNA repair test. Xenoclauxin exhibited a potent uncoupling effect accompanying a marked depression of state 3 respiration of mitochondria in a similar fashion to that of duclauxin. Desacetylduclauxin significantly inhibited the state 3 respiration without causing uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria. These results strongly suggest that xenoclauxin and desacetylduclauxin from Penicillium duclauxii are not genotoxic but are cytotoxic mainly due to their potent inhibition of ATP synthesis in mitochondria. PMID- 3917124 TI - Cell detachment and growth of fibroblasts as parameters for cytotoxicity of inorganic metal salts in vitro. AB - Eight inorganic metal compounds (AlCl3, Al(OH)3 gel, Al(OH)3 salt, SnCl2, ZnSO4, K2Cr2O7, CdCl2, HgCl2) were tested for their cytotoxic effect on an established hamster fibroblast line (BHK-21/C13) in vitro using a cell detachment assay and two different growth assays, the cloning efficiency and the cell number after 2 days subconfluent culture as parameters. The test conditions for these assays were optimized, including incubation period, application of test substance, growth conditions and data analysis. Aluminum, zinc and tin compounds showed low cytotoxic effects when compared to potassium, cadmium and mercuric compounds. Potassium dichromate was highly toxic in both growth assays (0.0001-0.01 mM, with a clear dependency on the incubation time), whereas it proved to be only slightly toxic in the detachment assay (0.1-5 mM). Cadmium and mercuric chlorides were the most toxic compounds in the growth (0.00001-0.001 mM) and the cell detachment assays (0.01-0.1 mM). Variable incubation periods barely affected the cytotoxicity of mercuric chloride. Ranking of these cytotoxicity data was found to be identical to the ranking of LD50 values (oral, rat) as well as to the ranking according to threshold limit values for human workroom environment, and of human eye irritation data. PMID- 3917125 TI - In vitro microsome- and cytosol-mediated binding of 1,2-dichloroethane and 1,2 dibromoethane with DNA. AB - Metabolic activation of 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE) and 1,2-dibromoethane (DBE) to forms able to bind covalently with DNA occurs in vitro either by way of microsomal or cytosolic pathways. The involvement of these two pathways is variable with respect to species or compound tested. Rat enzymes are generally more efficient than mouse enzymes in bioactivating haloalkanes and DBE is more reactive than DCE. This parallels both the previous report on in vivo comparative interaction and the higher genotoxicity of DBE. PMID- 3917126 TI - Cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase, epoxide hydrolase and flavin monooxygenase activities in Clara cells and alveolar type II cells isolated from rabbit. AB - The activities of several enzymes which metabolize xenobiotics were measured and compared in freshly isolated rabbit Clara cells (50-70% purity) and alveolar type II cells (80-95% purity) or microsomal preparations from the isolated cell fractions. The presence of 1 mM nicotinamide in protease and cell isolation buffers increased significantly 7-ethoxycoumarin (7-EC) deethylase and epoxide hydrolase activities in the isolated Clara and type II cells. Isolated Clara cell fractions metabolized 7-EC to umbelliferone at a rate of 241 +/- 27 pmoles/mg prot/min (mean +/- S.E., N =5), while the 7-EC deethylation rate in type II cells was 111 +/- 15 pmoles/mg prot/min. Coumarin hydroxylation activity, however, was more than ten times greater in the Clara cells than in the type II cells on a per mg cellular protein basis. N-oxidation of N,N-dimethylaniline, catalyzed by a flavin monooxygenase, was about 2 times as great in microsomes of Clara cells as in microsomes of type II cells. Epoxide hydrolase activity with benzo(a)pyrene 4,5-oxide as substrate was about 10 times higher in Clara cells than in type II cells. Because of the greater cellular, structural and functional heterogeneity in lung, differential distribution of enzymes responsible for xenobiotic metabolism in this tissue may contribute to cell selective chemical toxicity and carcinogenesis. PMID- 3917127 TI - Toxicity of 6-thioguanine and 8-azaguanine to non-dividing liver cell cultures. AB - 8-azaguanine and 6-thioguanine were both toxic to non-dividing liver cells in primary cultures. In addition, these agents were toxic to an established line of liver-derived epithelial cells brought to growth arrest by serum deprivation. These observations demonstrate that the toxicity of 8-azaguanine and 6 thioguanine can occur at least in part through mechanisms that do not involve effects on DNA synthesis or incorporation of the analogs into DNA. PMID- 3917129 TI - Formation of DNA-adducts and induction of DNA-crosslinks and chromosomal aberrations by the new potent anthracycline antitumor antibiotics: morpholinodaunomycin, cyanomorpholinodaunomycin and cyanomorpholinoadriamycin. AB - The DNA-interaction of three newly developed semisynthetic anthracyclines with high antitumor potency MoDNM3, CNMoDNM, and CNMoADM, was investigated. When primary rat hepatocytes were incubated with tritium labeled MoDNM and CNMoDNM and their DNA was purified and enzymatically hydrolized, the formation of DNA-adducts could be demonstrated by the HPLC chromatography of the resulting mononucleoside mixtures. The parent compound, daunomycin (DNM), also formed covalent adducts with hepatocyte DNA, but to a lesser extent. These findings correlate well with earlier observations that MoDNM and CNMoDNM are potent inducers of DNA-repair in primary rat hepatocytes, whereas DNM is only weakly active in this regard. Alkaline elution studies were performed with L 1210 mouse leukemia cells and V79 Chinese hamster fibroblasts. The cyanomorpholinyl derivatives showed dose dependent DNA crosslinking activities in both cell lines at concentrations greater than or equal to 5 nMol/l. The formation of crosslinks began a few minutes after treatment of the cells and reached a maximum after 1 hr. In contrast, MoDNM, at concentrations of up to 10 muMol/l, had only a limited capacity to induce single strand breaks in L 1210 cells but did not induce DNA crosslinks. In addition, chromosomal aberrations (chromatid breaks and translocations) were induced by the treatment of Friend and L 1210 leukemia cells with CNMoADM at concentrations between 0.07-0.6 nMol/l. At higher doses, chromosome clumping was observed. These results indicate that the high capacity of MoDNM, CNMoDNM and CNMoADM to induce DNA repair in primary rat hepatocytes is due to the formation of covalent adducts with DNA. The cyanomorpholino compounds have alkylating capacities also in cell lines such as L 1210 and V79, whereas MoDNM requires rat hepatocytes for activation. The ready formation of DNA crosslinks and chromosomal aberrations could be responsible for the high cytotoxicity of these compounds. PMID- 3917130 TI - [The value of graphic methods: thrombodynamoelastography, resonance thrombography and coagulography in the detection of hemostasis disorders in patients with liver cirrhosis]. PMID- 3917128 TI - Elevation of dCTP pools in xeroderma pigmentosum variant human fibroblasts alters the effects of DNA repair arrest by arabinofuranosyl cytosine. AB - DNA excision repair inhibition by arabinofuranosyl cytosine (ara-C) or by ara C/hydroxyurea (HU) was measured in log phase and confluent cultures of normal and xeroderma pigmentosium (XP)-variant human fibroblasts following insult by ultraviolet (UV) light (20 J/m2). Repair inhibition was determined by measuring the accumulation of DNA single-strand breaks/10(8) daltons following cell culture exposure to ara-C or ara-C/HU in a series of 3 hr. pulses up ro 24 hr. after UV insult. Both normal and XP-variant derived cells showed a wide range of sensitivity to ara-C in log phase cells (0.2-9.4 breaks/10(8) daltons DNA), although strand break accumulation was constant for each specific cell line. The same cells were more sensitive to ara-C/HU with a 2-14 fold increase in DNA strand breaks depending upon the cell line assayed. In confluent cultures of normal cells, maximum sensitivity to ara-C and ara-C/HU was achieved with similar levels of repair inhibition observed (16.1 and 16.5 breaks/10(8) daltons, respectively). The same level of repair inhibition was observed in confluent XP variants receiving ara-C/HU, but was reduced by 62-68% in cells treated with ara C alone. Ara-C repair arrest was more rapidly reversed by competing concentrations of exogenous deoxycytidine (dCyd) in XP-variant compared to normal cells, especially in confluent cell cultures. In ara-C/HU treated cells, the level of dCyd reversal was reduced in the XP-variant when compared to cells exposed to ara-C alone. However, the same addition of HU had relatively little effect on dCyd reversal in normal cells. The measurements of dNTP levels indicate an elevated level of intracellular deoxycytosine triphosphate in XP-variant vs normal cells. The implications of these results are discussed as they relate to possible excision repair anomalies in the XP-variant. PMID- 3917131 TI - [Levels of inorganic and organic substances in the femur of Fisher rats treated with derivatives of vitamin D]. PMID- 3917132 TI - [Intracranial arachnoid cysts--incidence, clinical aspects and indications for surgery]. PMID- 3917133 TI - [Ambulatory treatment of malignant lymphoma in comparison with treatment of other neoplasms]. PMID- 3917134 TI - [Modern radiologic treatment of gynecologic carcinoma at the Institute of Radiology and Oncology]. PMID- 3917135 TI - [Hiatal hernia and lower esophageal sphincter insufficiency in our data]. PMID- 3917136 TI - [Case report of isolated injury of the oculomotor nerve due to a traffic accident and its therapy]. PMID- 3917137 TI - [Echocardiographic diagnosis of tricuspid valve stenosis--2 case reports]. PMID- 3917138 TI - [Dynamic biliscintigraphy--a diagnostic radionuclide method using computers]. PMID- 3917140 TI - Infection and immunity in farm animals. PMID- 3917139 TI - Malnutrition and Alzheimer's dementia. PMID- 3917141 TI - HLA antigens in brucellosis. AB - 106 patients diagnosed as having brucellosis were typed for HLA class I and class II antigens. The number of healthy controls was 272 and 102 for classes I and II, respectively. 17 HLA-A, 31 HLA-B, 7 HLA-C and 8 HLA-DR specificities were studied. The most important finding was a highly significant decrease of the HLA Cw2 antigen frequency in the patient group compared with the controls. The corrected p value was p less than 0.0001 (Fisher's test). This finding is compatible with the idea that HLA-Cw2 antigen could be a protective factor. No other positive or negative association was observed. There was no significant difference in HLA antigen frequencies between patients with and without joint manifestations. In addition, we did not find an HLA-B27 increase in the group of patients with brucellosis associated spondylarthritis when compared with healthy individuals. PMID- 3917142 TI - HLA sharing in couples with recurrent abortion. AB - To investigate the interactions between HLA region and recurrent abortion we examined the HLA-A and HLA-B antigen frequencies, the degree of HLA sharing, and the incidence of anti-HLA antibodies in 18 recurrent abortion and in 23 control couples. HLA antigens with low distribution (less than 25% of phenotype frequencies in the general population) represent 38.5% of the HLA antigens shared between recurrent abortion partners. No antibodies against partners' HLA antigens were detected in recurrent abortion women, while such antibodies were present in 39.1% of control women (p = 0.002). PMID- 3917143 TI - Interaction between adenosine deaminase and ABO system polymorphisms: effects on intrauterine survival and reproduction. AB - Adenosine deaminase (ADA) phenotype and ABO blood groups have been determined in 572 consecutive newborn infants, in 770 schoolchildren, in 139 women delivering a liveborn infant, and in 87 women with habitual abortion. ABO-incompatible newborn infants showed a higher proportion of ADA2 carriers as compared to compatible newborns. The incidence of clinically relevant neonatal jaundice among incompatible infants carrying ADA2 was lower as compared to compatible infants carrying this gene. In newborn infants, schoolchildren, and women with habitual abortion the proportion of A, B, and AB among ADA2 carriers was higher as compared to ADA1/ADA1 individuals. In fertile women, on the contrary, the proportion of A, B, and AB among ADA2 carriers was lower as compared to ADA1/ADA1 women. This suggests that non-O ADA2 carrier genotypes may lose in the reproductive stage the selective advantage accumulated during the early stages of development. PMID- 3917144 TI - Immunogenetic studies of recurrent spontaneous abortions in humans. AB - 31 clinically defined couples suffering between 3 and 17 consecutive idiopathic spontaneous abortions have been studied. The female partners demonstrated a lower frequency than expected of serum lymphocytotoxic antibodies. Sharing of HLA-A, B or DR antigens was not significantly increased overall within these couples compared with controls, although two couples did show marked HLA sharing (greater than or equal to 4 antigens shared at HLA-A, B and DR loci). There was increased apparent HLA-A and HLA-B locus homozygosity in these women compared with controls (p less than 0.02 and p less than 0.005, respectively), with no significant apparent homozygosity either at HLA-DR or in the males. An increased prevalence of HLA-A, B and DR antigen phenotypes characteristic of various extended haplotypes was also observed in these couples. PMID- 3917145 TI - Expression of sperm antigens during spermatogenesis and maturation detected with monoclonal antibodies. AB - The expression of hamster sperm antigens was investigated during spermatogenesis and sperm maturation with the use of monoclonal antibodies generated in culture from mice immunized with hamster cauda epididymal spermatozoa or sperm heads. Antigens were localized by immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase techniques which were first visualized on isolated spermatids over the developing acrosome. In one case, antibody inhibited fertilization in vitro although localization on testicular or epididymal spermatozoa was minimal compared with the early spermatid. Antibodies also recognized surface antigens first expressed in the epididymis whose localization on the spermatozoon altered during epididymal transit or incubation in capacitating medium. The results were discussed in relation to the expression and function of surface determinants on the haploid germ cell. PMID- 3917146 TI - Antiacetylcholine receptor and antinuclear antibodies in myasthenia gravis. Correlation with HLA, sex and Gm. AB - Sera from 27 subjects with myasthenia gravis (MG) were examined by immunoassay for antibodies to double-stranded DNA (ds-DNA), RNA-nucleoprotein complexes (ENA) and acetylcholine receptor (ACHR). The prevalence of the genetic markers of sex, HLA and Gm were analyzed in relation to various parameters of these autoantibodies. The highest levels of ds-DNA antibodies were associated with HLA B8 as compared to other HLA antigens (p less than 0.05), females as compared with males (p less than 0.05), and females with HLA B8 (p less than 0.05) when both sex and HLA were analyzed concurrently. An association between low titers and HLA B7 (p less than 0.05), with a significant difference between the B8 females and B7 males (p less than 0.05) was also noted. By contrast, no Gm association was noted for antinuclear antibody parameters, but was observed in females between high ACHR antibody titers and the homozygous phenotype (3; 5, 13) (p less than 0.05). This study of MG implicated HLA and sex factors in the production of a broad spectrum of antinuclear antibodies, while the contrasting Gm association noted with ACHR antibody titers was indicative of distinctive immunogenetic influences over autoantibody production in MG. PMID- 3917147 TI - Antibodies against surface antigens common to spermatogenic and F9 teratocarcinoma cells in mice immunized with blood group substances from human saliva. AB - Significant inhibition of spermatogenesis and production of antibodies against membrane antigens of spermatogenic and F9 teratocarcinoma cells were observed in mice of the strain 129/Sv after immunization with human blood group substances from saliva of A, B or H secretors. Absorption of the mouse anti-ABH sera with appropriate human erythrocytes did not change their reactivity with testicular and F9 cells, whereas absorption with F9 cells eliminated the reactivity with both F9 and spermatogenic cells. This pattern of reactivity, together with higher binding of the anti-ABH sera to the cells expressing stage-specific embryonic antigen 1 (SSEA-1), suggests that these antisera contain antibodies against developmentally regulated carbohydrate antigens. SSEA-1 was found in the blood group substances used for immunization. The results support the hypothesis that the oncofetal F9 antigens and spermatogenic differentiation antigens are similar carbohydrate structures. PMID- 3917148 TI - Immunoglobulin allotypes and the immune response to wheat gliadin in a Finnish population with celiac disease. AB - Several immunoglobulin allotypes were determined for 42 Finnish children with celiac disease (CD) and for 42 normal controls. The CD patients had been previously HLA typed; all but 2 were positive for HLA B8, DR3 or both. The incidence of HLA B8, DR3 and DR7 was found to be significantly higher in patients than in a control group. No significant association was found between any of the immunoglobulin allotypes and CD either when patients were grouped as a whole or when grouped according to sex. In addition, no association was found between levels of antigliadin antibody and the G2m(23) allotypic marker. This latter finding is in sharp contrast with the report of a significant association in American Caucasians between G2m(23) and the level of antigliadin antibodies by Weiss et al. [J. clin. Invest. 72: 96-101, 1983]. PMID- 3917149 TI - New H-2-linked cell and serum antigens. AB - A system of two public serum antigens, alpha and delta, whose distribution in inbred strains of mice is different from that of all serum antigens known, is described. Their distribution in the H-2 congenic and in the recombinant inbred HTG strain indicates that they are determined by a gene(s) tightly linked to H-2. Backcross tests confirmed this; only 1.1-cM recombinants were found. The gene(s) is located at the D side of H-2. The immunogenicity of the serum specificities in A/Sn animals, but not in other strains, is sex-limited. These serum antigens are also present in most tissues and, in high amounts, in red blood cells. No sex differences in the absorbing capacity of tissues or the agglutinability of red blood cells were found. All these findings indicate that alpha and delta antigens belong to a new H-2-linked system. A relationship with the recently found new class I genes is suggested. PMID- 3917151 TI - [Color selection]. PMID- 3917150 TI - H-2K and H-2D antigens are independently regulated in mouse embryo fibroblasts. AB - The concentration of MHC class I (H-2K and H-2D) antigens on stimulating cells and target cells may influence the induction of responses in cytotoxic T-cell precursors, and the efficiency of cytotoxicity mediated by activated T cells, respectively. Using FACS analysis, we found that exposure of BALB/c mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEF) under different culture conditions to the supernatant from concanavalin A(Con A)-stimulated splenocyte cultures (CS) could result either in H-2K antigens increasing significantly more than H-2D antigens or in H-2D antigens increasing significantly more than H-2K antigens. Furthermore, we observed that the concentrations of H-2K antigens on MEF that were not exposed to CS in vitro could vary independently of H-2D antigen concentration during a period of several days in vitro. Thus we propose that the cell surface concentration of H-2K and H-2D antigens may be independently regulated, and we discuss how such regulation may be biologically advantageous during protective T cell responses. PMID- 3917152 TI - [Morphological data that facilitate mounting of anterior teeth in the edentulous upper jaw]. PMID- 3917153 TI - [Illumination of the work area in the dental laboratory]. PMID- 3917154 TI - [Diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 3917155 TI - An inventory of alcohol, drug, and mental health data available from the National Center for Health Statistics. PMID- 3917156 TI - The lay midwifery controversy. PMID- 3917157 TI - Children with AIDS: a special dilemma. PMID- 3917158 TI - Bioethics. PMID- 3917159 TI - Living will: Louisiana's law and what it means to you. PMID- 3917160 TI - Cancer risk factor identification in a campus community. PMID- 3917161 TI - Know your act: delegation of nursing functions. PMID- 3917162 TI - Imaging with a permanent magnet system. PMID- 3917163 TI - Principles of magnetic resonance. PMID- 3917164 TI - [Anemia in childhood]. PMID- 3917165 TI - [Acute tonsillitis (angina)]. PMID- 3917166 TI - [Acute inflammations of the larynx in children]. PMID- 3917167 TI - [Acute inflammation of the bronchi in children]. PMID- 3917168 TI - [Chronic inflammation of the bronchi in children]. PMID- 3917169 TI - [Inflammation of the lungs in children]. PMID- 3917170 TI - [Bronchial asthma in childhood]. PMID- 3917171 TI - [Cystic fibrosis]. PMID- 3917172 TI - [Diarrheal disease in childhood]. PMID- 3917173 TI - [Constipation in childhood]. PMID- 3917174 TI - [Obesity in children and adolescents]. PMID- 3917175 TI - [Diabetes in children and adolescents]. PMID- 3917176 TI - [Urinary infections in children]. PMID- 3917177 TI - [Cardiac insufficiency in childhood]. PMID- 3917178 TI - [Arterial hypertension in children and adolescents]. PMID- 3917179 TI - [Neural seizure disorders in children]. PMID- 3917180 TI - [Acute inflammation of the nasopharynx in children]. PMID- 3917181 TI - [Pyoderma in childhood]. PMID- 3917182 TI - A structural transition in d(AT)n.d(AT)n inserts within superhelical DNA. AB - We have constructed plasmids carrying d(AT)n.d(AT)n inserts of different lengths. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis patterns show that an increase in the negative superhelicity of these DNAs brings about a structural transition within the inserts, resulting in a reduction of the superhelical stress. However, this reduction corresponds to the expected values neither for cruciform nor the Z form. Those DNA topoisomers in which the structural transition had occurred proved to be specifically recognizable by single-strand-specific endonuclease S1, with the cleavage site situated at the centre of the insert. These data, as well as kinetic studies, suggest that the cloned d(AT)n.d(AT)n sequences adopt a cruciform rather than the Z-form structure. We discuss plausible reasons of the discrepancy between the observed superhelical stress release and that expected for the transition of the insert to the cruciform state. PMID- 3917183 TI - [Effect of sulfonamides on the fatty acid composition of enterobacterial lipids]. PMID- 3917184 TI - [Effect of cotransformation on the growth rate of yeasts and the expression of the beta-lactamase gene of Escherichia coli]. PMID- 3917185 TI - [The toxin-forming capacity of natural isolates of Aspergillus fumigatus]. PMID- 3917186 TI - [A method for assessing the degree of synchronization of microorganism cultures]. PMID- 3917187 TI - [Half a century of searches and accomplishments (on the 50th anniversary of the Department of Micromycete Physiology and Systematics)]. PMID- 3917188 TI - [Medical microbiology has brought victory closer]. PMID- 3917189 TI - [Microbiologists of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences during World War II]. PMID- 3917190 TI - [Kinetics of the suppression of Escherichia coli growth by silver]. PMID- 3917191 TI - [Demonstration of Escherichia coli phages in the seashore zone and the use of this index in microbiological monitoring]. PMID- 3917192 TI - [The etiologic role of influenza A and B viruses in acute respiratory infections and the status of population immunity to them in residents of Kharkov]. PMID- 3917193 TI - [Microbiological and pathomorphologic characteristics of experimental intestinal Proteus infections]. PMID- 3917195 TI - [Hyperproduction of L-proline in Escherichia coli]. AB - The proA and proB genes from Escherichia coli have been cloned using the plasmids pBR322 and pBR325 as vectors. The episome F128 (proAB, lac) was used as cloning DNA source. Both genes were firstly located within a 10 kilobases EcoRI DNA fragment of the episome. Subcloning experiments showed that both proteins were coded by a 3 kilobases PstI DNA fragment. Although, th recombinant plasmids containing the proA and proB genes were able to complement the Pro- phenotype of different E. coli strains, bacteria harboring these plasmids did not excrete L proline to the culture medium. Nevertheless, an operon, proAB, able to confer to E. coli cells the property of excreting L-proline, was isolated from an UV-mutant of E. coli E5014 [F' (proAB, lac)] resistant to the L-proline analogue, thioproline. E. coli HB101 cells transformed with the plasmid pJABP (UV) carrying the mutated proAB operon excreted up to 5 g/l of L-proline, after 40 hours of fermentation at 37 degrees C in a modified M63 minimal medium. The production of L-proline was not increased when the proC gene was inserted in the plasmid pJABP (UV). PMID- 3917194 TI - [Enteropathogenicity of Proteus mirabilis bacteria and pathogenesis of experimental intestinal infections caused by them]. PMID- 3917196 TI - A survey of buoyant density of microorganisms in pure cultures and natural samples. AB - Values of buoyant density of microorganisms reported in literature are widely divergent because of techniques used. Many of these involve centrifugation in density gradients formed by substances with high osmolarity which dehydrate the cells. In order to better understand the ranges of variation of density of microbial cells several approaches were taken. Firstly, samples from several natural aquatic habitats were taken and the densities of the microorganisms present determined. Secondly, experiments were performed with selected microorganisms to maximize density changes by forcing them to accumulate intracytoplasmic inclusions of dense materials or to loose their capsules. Finally, the relevant literature was reviewed. It could be demonstrated that most microorganisms have a density around 1.080 pg microns-3 when measured in low osmolarity media such as Percoll. However, many species are able to modify their density by as much as 7% (for instance, from 1.097 to 1.022 pg microns-3 in Thiocapsa roseopersicina, and similar variations in other bacteria), by incorporating substances into inclusions (sulfur, carbon, phosphorous storage materials, etc.), or by making capsules and/or gas vesicles. The relevance of buoyant density determinations for several aspects of microbial ecology and physiology is discussed. PMID- 3917198 TI - [Hemodilution and autotransfusion]. PMID- 3917199 TI - [Surgery of a cicatricial stenosis of the common bile duct]. PMID- 3917200 TI - Vitellogenesis and oocyte growth in nonmammalian vertebrates. PMID- 3917197 TI - Activities of chlorinated ethane and ethylene compounds in the Salmonella/rat microsome mutagenesis and rat hepatocyte/DNA repair assays under vapor phase exposure conditions. AB - Three chlorinated ethane and ethylene solvent products were examined for their genotoxicity in the Salmonella/microsome mutagenesis and hepatocyte primary culture DNA repair assays using vapor phase exposures. The positive control in this study, monochloroethylene (vinyl chloride), induced reversion mutation of Salmonella tester strains TA100 and TA1535 with enhancement by an exogenous activation system and elicited unscheduled DNA synthesis in rat hepatocytes in culture. Exposures to 1,1,1-trichloroethane (methyl chloroform) or 1,1,2 trichloroethylene samples which contained stabilizers resulted in increased recovery of revertant colonies of Salmonella at concentrations causing greater than 96% cell killing. However, these stabilized materials did not induce DNA repair and low-stabilized trichloroethylene did not induce reversion mutation or DNA repair. Exposure of Salmonella tester strains and hepatocytes to highly toxic vapor concentrations of technical grade 1,1,2,2-tetrochloroethylene, low stabilized and stabilized, increased reversion mutation and elicited DNA repair. Tetrachloroethylene of high purity was not genotoxic. With all of these test products, the presence of an Aroclor-induced rat liver subcellular enzyme preparation in the mutagenesis assay did not have any effect on the results. These observations suggest that stabilizers or unknown impurities normally present at low concentrations in these products are responsible for the positive responses observed at the high exposure concentrations achievable under in vitro test conditions. PMID- 3917201 TI - Annulate lamellae (porous cytomembranes): with particular emphasis on their possible role in differentiation of the female gamete. PMID- 3917202 TI - Egg envelopes in vertebrates. AB - As the material presented in this chapter was being collated, our existing perceptions about the basic similarities of vertebrate (and indeed most, if not all, invertebrate) egg envelopes became increasingly strengthened. Perhaps without exception, all vertebrate and invertebrate eggs acquire a "vitelline" envelope. Interestingly, its filamentous ultrastructure and chemical composition- basically protein and carbohydrate--is similar in all species as is its permeability to large molecules. Furthermore, many (if not all) of its functions are shared among the animal phyla as is its potential to become altered at the time of fertilization and, in its altered state, to provide a new set of modi operandi. It provides sperm receptors that are generally species specific and helps prevent polyspermy; it protects the developing embryo yet yields at the time of hatching. In most vertebrate eggs (including some mammals), a jelly or albumen coat is added to the vitelline envelope. These components may vary immensely in thickness, but again their basic chemical composition is common to all. The functions of these envelopes, while perhaps somewhat less clear than those of the vitelline envelope, are related to species-specific fertilization and to embryonic protection. Albumen serves a nutritional role--most clearly shown in the birds. Finally, the shell membrane and shell present in diverse groups contribute additional adaptations for embryo protection. Vertebrate egg envelopes, then, are basically similar; the modifications, including the addition of shell membranes and shells in some groups, reflect adaptations to differing reproductive strategies and to the environmental exigencies with which the egg must cope. With the growth of our understanding about the structure, chemistry, function, and evolution of egg envelopes new questions will continually be formulated. Many will be the same as those asked years ago but they will be answered with newer techniques and with greater insight. PMID- 3917203 TI - Local control mechanisms during oogenesis and folliculogenesis. PMID- 3917204 TI - Oocyte-somatic cell interactions during oocyte growth and maturation in the mammal. PMID- 3917205 TI - 5 S ribosomal gene transcription during Xenopus oogenesis. PMID- 3917206 TI - Genetic analysis of oogenesis and the role of maternal gene expression in early development. PMID- 3917207 TI - Vitellogenesis in insects. PMID- 3917208 TI - An unusual reaction to a broken surgical bur in the oral cavity. AB - A case is described of a broken surgical bur that was left behind in the oral soft tissue after an oral surgical procedure. It was associated with an unusual soft tissue reaction. PMID- 3917209 TI - Oral candidiasis--its pleomorphic clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment. AB - Up to 60% of the population carry Candida albicans as part of the oral flora without having evidence of candidiasis. The pleomorphic clinical manifestations of oral candidiasis viz. thrush, denture stomatitis, angular cheilitis, median rhomboid glossitis, speckled leukoplakia, and chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis and its variants are briefly discussed. Current diagnostic techniques of oral candidiasis (OC) are reviewed. A simple and quick method of helping the clinician in the diagnosis of OC by taking a direct smear of the lesion is emphasized. OC is a 'disease of the diseased'. As a routine a full blood picture, serum iron and serum folate levels should be looked at. Several predisposing causes of OC need to be investigated. An up-date on the treatment of OC with nystatin, amphotericin B lozenges, clotrimazole and miconazole is made. PMID- 3917210 TI - Dentistry in Britain--a lesson for the future? AB - Modern dentistry is a relatively young profession in Malaysia. The development of dentistry in Britain has a major influence on dentistry in Malaysia. Not only does it offer a historical perspective, it serves as a crystal ball to provide an insight into what dentistry will be like in the future. A brief review of dentistry in Britain follows. PMID- 3917211 TI - Conformational variability of poly(dA-dT).poly(dA-dT) and some other deoxyribonucleic acids includes a novel type of double helix. AB - The article reviews data indicating that poly(dA-dT).poly(dA-dT) is able of adopting three distinct double helical structures in solution, of which only the A form conforms to classical notions. The other two structures have dinucleotides as double helical repeats. At low salt concentrations poly(dA-dT).poly(dA-dT) adopts a B-type alternating conformation which is exceptionally variable. Its architecture can gradually move in the limits demarcated by the CD spectra with inverted long wavelength CD bands and the 31P NMR spectra with a very low and a 0.6 ppm separation of two resonances. Contrary to Z-DNA, the 31P NMR spectrum of the limiting alternating B conformation of poly(dA-dT).poly(dA-dT) is characterized by an upfield shift of one resonance. We attribute the exceptional conformational flexibility of the alternating B conformation to the unequal tendency of bases in the dA-dT and dT-dA steps to stack. However, by assuming the limiting alternating B conformation, the variability of the synthetic DNA is not exhausted. Specific agents make it isomerize into another conformation by a fast, two-state mechanism, which is reflected by a further deepening of the negative long wavelength CD band and a downfield shift of the 31P NMR resonance of poly(dA dT).poly(dA-dT) that was constant in the course of the gradual alterations of the alternating B conformation. These changes are, however, qualitatively different from the way poly(dG-dC).poly(dG-dC) behaves in the course of the B-Z isomerization. Poly(dG-dC).poly(dG-dC) displays purine-pyrimidine (dGpdC) resonance in the characteristic downfield position, while the downfield resonance of poly(dA-dT).poly(dA-dT) belongs to the pyrimidine-purine (dTpdA) phosphodiester linkages. Consequently, phosphodiester linkages in the purine pyrimidine steps play a similar role in the appearance of the Z form to the pyrimidine-purine phosphodiesters in the course of the isomerization of poly(dA dT).poly(dA-dT). This excludes that the high-salt structures of poly(dA dT).poly(dA-dT) and poly(dG-dC).poly(dG-dC) are members of the same conformational family. We call the high-salt conformation of poly(dA-dT).poly(dA dT) X-DNA. It furthermore follows from the review that synthetic molecules of DNA with alternating purine-pyrimidine sequences of bases can adopt either the Z form or the X form, or even both, depending on the environmental conditions. This introduces a new dimension into the DNA double helix conformational variability. The possible biological relevance of the X form is suggested by experiments with linear molecules of natural DNA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3917212 TI - Use of "loss-of-contact" substitutions to identify residues involved in an amino acid-base pair contact: effect of substitution of Gln18 of lac repressor by Gly, Ser, and Leu. AB - A procedure to identify which base pair of lac operator (lacO) a suspected contacting amino acid of Lac repressor (LacR) interacts with is presented. The procedure is to eliminate the ability of the amino acid under study to contact DNA, and then to determine at which base pair--if any--specificity is eliminated. To implement this procedure, four sets of Escherichia coli K-12 strains have been constructed. These strains permit: (i) the substitution of a selected amino acid of LacR by, respectively, Gly, Ser, Leu, or Gln, and (ii) the analysis of the specificity of the resulting substituted LacR with respect to base pairs 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 of lacO. This procedure has been applied to Gln18 of LacR. The preliminary data indicate that LacR (Gln18----Gly) is unable to distinguish between the O+ base pair G:C and the Oc base pair T:A at position 7 of lacO (KDOc/KDO+ = 0.93). In contrast, LacR(Gln18----Gly) discriminates O+ from Oc by a factor of 13 to 23 at each other position. The same qualitative pattern of results was obtained with LacR(Gln18----Ser) and LacR (Gln18----Leu). Therefore, I propose that Gln18 contacts base pair 7 of lacO. This proposal is consistent with the contact predicted in Ebright, R. in Protein Structure, Folding, and Design. D. Oxender ed., Alan R. Liss, New York (1985), in press. PMID- 3917213 TI - [Use of ultrasound in the diagnosis of gynecologic diseases in our data]. PMID- 3917214 TI - [Wladyslaw Bieganski (1857-1917). A subject bibliography for the years 1885 1980]. PMID- 3917215 TI - [The Doctoris Medicinae Universae (Doctor of General Medicine) diploma from the year 1892]. PMID- 3917216 TI - [Intraosseous mucoepidermoid carcinoma: review and report of a case]. PMID- 3917217 TI - Higher order structure of chromatin: influence of ionic strength and proteolytic digestion on the birefringence properties of polynucleosomal fibers. AB - Effects of ionic strength and proteolytic digestion on the conformation of chromatin fibers were studied by electric birefringence and relaxation measurements. The results confirm that at low ionic strength chromatin presents structural features reflecting those observed in the presence of cations. Soluble chromatin prepared from rat liver nuclei by brief nuclease digestion exhibits a positive birefringence. As the salt concentration is increased, the transition to a compact solenoidal structure is deduced from changes in electro-optical properties: the positive birefringence gradually decreases and the observed reduction in 40 mM NaCl is nearly 95%; the relaxation time decreases dramatically and the character of the kinetic changes since the decay of birefringence described initially by a spectrum of relaxation times becomes monoexponential. On digestion with proteases at low ionic strength we observe at first a rapid increase of the positive birefringence concomitant with an increase of the relaxation time. Then the birefringence decreases and becomes negative. Chromatin undergoes two successive transitions: the first transition is explained by a lengthening of nucleosomal chains without modification of the orientation of nucleosomes within the superstructure and the second one by the unwinding of the DNA tails and internucleosomal segments. When chromatin is digested at 30 mM NaCl we find a single unfolding transition characterized by the decrease of birefringence and a slight increase in the relaxation time. The results imply that the positive birefringence of chromatin does not depend on the presence of whole histone H1 and that a salt concentration of 30 mM NaCl is sufficient to modify the initial site or/and the effects of proteolytic attack. PMID- 3917218 TI - [Detection of antinuclear antibodies using chicken erythrocytes in lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, rheumatoid arthritis and juvenile chronic arthritis]. PMID- 3917219 TI - [Italian physicians in Dubrovnik in medieval Bosnia]. PMID- 3917220 TI - Immunology and immunopathology of malignant catarrhal fever. PMID- 3917221 TI - Rinderpest in the 1980s. PMID- 3917222 TI - Border disease: a congenital infection of small ruminants. PMID- 3917223 TI - Aetiology of pneumonias of young sheep. PMID- 3917224 TI - Mucosal immune interactions in intestine, respiratory tract and mammary gland. PMID- 3917225 TI - Chromosomal and genic sterility of hybrid type in mice and men. AB - Three mouse models of male-limited, hybrid-type sterility are available: the sterility controlled by the T-t genetic complex, the hybrid sterility system including the Hst-1 gene, and the sterility of carriers of various chromosomal anomalies. A large body of experimental evidence has been gathered on the nonrandom attraction between X chromosome and rearranged autosomes in meiosis of carriers of various male-sterile chromosomal rearrangements in mice and men. A hypothesis is evaluated relating the X-autosomal interaction to spermatogenic breakdown. New data on the structure of t haplotypes indicate the presence of chromosomal inversions, and this might point to a chromosomal type of sterility of tx/ty hybrids. Gene hybrid sterility-1 is responsible for different fertility of male hybrids between certain laboratory and wild mice. The availability of wild mice (Mus musculus) derived inbred strains PWB, PWD, and PWK may facilitate further study of the hybrid sterility phenomenon in the mouse. PMID- 3917226 TI - Possible human analogs of the murine T/t complex. AB - After a short description of the T-t complex of the mouse, a comparison between the MHCs of mouse and man and HLA marker-disease associations, possible candidates for human t-analogs are discussed. The hypothesis is put forward that some extended MHC haplotypes might be human analogs of murine t-mutants. PMID- 3917227 TI - Heterochromatic chromosome variation and reproductive failure. AB - The literature on the association of heterochromatic chromosome variants and reproductive failure, manifesting as infertility or recurrent spontaneous abortion, is critically reviewed. Many methodological problems confound attempts to interpret the data. The weight of evidence is against autosomal variants having any significant effect. Although conflicting, reports on the effect of Y heterochromatin variants on both infertility (Yq-) and recurrent abortion (Yq+) are mainly positive, and further data are required in both these areas. PMID- 3917228 TI - [Position of the lingual bar]. PMID- 3917229 TI - [Cast ceramic-apatite with a new biocompatible restoration material]. PMID- 3917230 TI - [Gnathology, yesterday and today]. PMID- 3917231 TI - A call from the past. PMID- 3917232 TI - Magnetic resonance imaging of the posterior fossa. PMID- 3917233 TI - Magnetic resonance imaging of cerebral neoplasms. PMID- 3917234 TI - Magnetic resonance imaging of the genitourinary tract. PMID- 3917236 TI - Site planning design: influences and implementation. PMID- 3917235 TI - Magnetic resonance imaging at high-strength magnetic fields. PMID- 3917237 TI - Magnetic resonance imaging of the cardiovascular system. PMID- 3917238 TI - Principles and applications of phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy. PMID- 3917239 TI - Lipid solvation of the aqueous form of the myelin proteolipid apoprotein: evidence and characterization of two lipid populations by fluorescence polarization, differential calorimetry, and sucrose gradient centrifugation. AB - The interaction between dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and the aqueous form of the myelin proteolipid apoprotein (PLA) has been investigated. Lyophilization was found to be an efficient and nonperturbing method for membrane reconstitution. Mixtures of different lipid/protein ratios were analyzed by means of differential calorimetry, fluorescence polarization, and sucrose gradient centrifugation. The presence of two coexisting lipid populations, termed "bulk" and "interacting" lipids, was demonstrated by these three techniques. By differential calorimetry, 23 DPPC molecules per molecule of protein (30 kDa) were shown to be excluded from the lipid phase transition. By fluorescence polarization, we detected above the phase-transition temperature a large perturbation of the lipid acyl chain dynamics induced by the aqueous form of PLA. Increasing the protein content above 35% by weight within the recombinants caused drastic changes in both delta H values and the fluorescence anisotropy parameter, which could stem from protein aggregation. PMID- 3917240 TI - Efficacy of the tris-salt of 2 [(methoxycarbonylamino)-[2-nitro-5-(n-propylthio) phenylimimo] methylamino] ethane sulfonic acid against inhibited larvae of Ostertagia ostertagi. AB - The tris-salt of 2-[(methoxy-carbonylamino) - [2-nitro-5-(n-propylthio) phenylimimo] methylamino] ethane sulfonic acid (MCA) was evaluated against naturally acquired gastrointestinal parasitism in cattle during spring in Louisiana to determine efficacy of the compound against inhibited early 4th-stage larvae (EL4) of Ostertagia ostertagi. Forty-three crossbred yearling beef heifers were grazed together on contaminated pastures between Mar 1 and Apr 18, 1984. On April 17, 3 of the 43 heifers were slaughtered. Analysis of worm population characteristics in the 3 cattle indicated sufficient numbers of O ostertagi EL4 and other worm genera and species in these cattle to pursue a valid evaluation of the anthelmintic efficacy of MCA. The remaining 40 heifers were removed from pasture on April 18. On April 24, they were allotted into 4 treatment groups (10/group) based on an equal distribution of body weights and on whether they were spring- or autumn-born cattle. On April 25, the cattle were treated as follows: group 1, nontreated controls; group 2, treated with MCA at 7.5 mg/kg of body weight by oral drench; group 3, treated with MCA at 15.0 mg/kg by oral drench; and group 4, treated with MCA at 20.0 mg/kg by oral drench. The cattle were then confined in drylot pens until May 7. Similar numbers of cattle from each group were killed over a 3-day period from May 8 to May 10 (13 to 15 days after treatment). Mean numbers of O ostertagi recovered from nontreated controls were: adults, 8,279; developing 4th-stage larvae, 2,806; and inhibited EL4, 12,070.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3917241 TI - Defucogilvocarcin V, a new antibiotic from Streptomyces arenae 2064: isolation, characterization, partial synthesis and biological activity. PMID- 3917242 TI - Application of gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer-computer system to evaluation of 14C-labelled compounds. AB - Usefulness of gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer-computer system (GC-MS-CPU) not only for measurement of specific activities of 14C-labelled compounds in a mixture but also for evaluation of 14C-labelled compounds in terms of examining their purities and elucidating chemical structures of the impurities was proved. A sample of methyl 2-(p-chlorophenyl-14Cn)-3-methylbutylate (III) synthesized from p-chlorophenyl-14Cn-acetonitrile (VI) was analyzed by GC-MS-CPU, and it was found that the labelled compound was contaminated with a small amount of the corresponding m-isomer (IV) having a very high specific activity. Further examination suggested that the contaminating m-isomer (IV) originated from m chlorophenyl-14Cn-acetonitrile (IX) which had already contaminated in the starting material (VI), and also that cyanomethylation of p-dichlorobenzene-14Cn (VIII) by benzene-type reaction resulted in producing a mixture of p- and m chlorophenyl-14Cn-acetonitriles (VI, IX). PMID- 3917243 TI - Total synthesis of 3-O-demethylsporaricin A. AB - The novel, semisynthetic pseudodisaccharide antibiotic, 3-O-demethylsporaricin A, was synthesized via 3-O-demethylsporaricin B obtained by glycosidation of its aminocyclitol part. The aminocyclitol part was synthesized as D,L-form from D,L (1,2,3/4,5,6)-1,4-bis(benzyloxy-carbonylamino)-5,6-O-isopropyl idene-2,3,5,6 cyclohexanetetraol via three key steps, namely, deoxygenation, inversion of a hydroxyl group, and N-methylation. The physical and biological properties of synthetic 3-O-demethylsporaricin A and an authentic sample derived from sporaricin B were identical. PMID- 3917244 TI - [Case report of an asthma family based on projective test procedures with special reference to the psychological status of the "healthy" sibling]. PMID- 3917245 TI - Nitrates and endothelial prostacyclin production: studies in vitro. AB - The hypothesis that nitrates evoke prostacyclin production by vascular endothelium has been reevaluated on cultured umbilical vein endothelial cells and in vascular fragments, both obtained from humans. Endothelial cell monolayers (passages 1 and 2) were washed free of culture medium and exposed for 3 to 5 min to buffer or nitroglycerin (NTG), isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN), or isosorbide-5 mononitrate (ISMN) over a range of concentrations (10(-9)M to 10(-6)M) encompassing those usually attained in vivo, with or without 25 microM sodium arachidonate. Basal prostacyclin production, measured by radioimmunoassay of the stable metabolite 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, depended on cell density in the endothelial monolayer (being higher in preconfluent cultures) and on incubation time. Basal prostacyclin, however, was not altered by incubation with NTG (3.3 +/- 2.0 pg/1000 cells without drug vs 3.9 +/- 3.8 pg/1000 cells with drug, mean +/- SD), ISDN (3.1 +/- 1.9 vs 3.1 +/- 2.2), or ISMN (2.0 +/- 0.9 vs 2.3 +/- 1.5) at 10( 7)M (all differences NS). Also, long-term incubation (2, 6, and 24 hr) with ISDN and ISMN did not alter prostacyclin production over control. Over a 30-fold increase (p less than .001) in prostacyclin production was obtained with arachidonate stimulation, but incubation with nitrates did not significantly modify the stimulated production. Saphenous vein, mesenteric artery, and atrial appendage fragments incubated at 37 degrees C for 20 min in a shaking water bath with a control buffer produced 27.8 +/- 13.9, 189.7 +/- 75.2, and 662.3 +/- 390.6 pg 6-keto-PGF1 alpha/mg tissue, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3917246 TI - Cromolyn sodium. AB - Cromolyn sodium is a valuable agent in the pharmacologic management of asthma. In addition to its established effects of inhibiting mediator release, it now appears that it is a useful drug for diminishing the effects of reflex-mediated asthma, nonspecific bronchial hyperreactivity, and diurnal swings of bronchial lability. Because of these unique prophylactic properties, the availability of a nebulized aqueous solution delivery system and recent clinical reports showing that its efficacy is comparable to theophylline, cromolyn sodium should be reconsidered as a first-line antiasthmatic drug in the United States. PMID- 3917247 TI - Time course of induction of prolactin-secreting pituitary tumors with diethylstilbestrol in male rats: response of tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic neurons. AB - 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine (Dopa) accumulation and dopamine (DA) and noradrenaline levels were measured in the median eminence (ME) of Fisher 344 derived inbred male rats. These animals had been treated with Silastic capsules containing 8-9 mg diethylstilbestrol (DES) or with empty capsules for 3, 7, 14, or 30 days and had the pellets removed 22 days before killing. In an additional group of rats, the DES pellets were continuously present until killing. Blood was collected before treatment was started, at pellet removal, 2 days before killing, and at killing. All rats received 50 mg/kg hydroxybenzylhydrazine (NSD-1015), an L-aromatic amino acid decarboxylase inhibitor, iv 30 min before killing, and the subsequent accumulation of Dopa provided an indirect measure of DA synthesis. Treatment with DES for 7, 14, or 30 days produced an elevation of circulating PRL. Although this elevation of PRL levels was substantially reduced after pellet removal, this parameter was still elevated in the 30-day DES-treated rats at the time of killing. Pituitary levels of PRL and PRL secretion in vitro were elevated in both the 14- and the 30-day DES-treated rats. Rats treated continuously with DES had markedly elevated circulating PRL levels, and the pituitary content and in vitro release of this hormone were also enhanced. DA synthesis, as evidenced by the accumulation of Dopa after NSD-1015 treatment, was significantly elevated in the ME of rats treated with DES for 14 or 30 days while the concentration of DA was reduced in the 30-day treated rats. DA synthesis in the ME was not different from controls in rats treated continuously with DES, although DA levels were markedly suppressed. Pituitary weights were elevated, and BWs were reduced in rats continuously treated with DES. Pituitary weights were also elevated in rats treated with DES for 30 days although not as much as in rats treated continuously with DES. A progressive reduction in seminal vesicles and testes weights was observed with longer periods of DES treatment. Testosterone levels were suppressed in rats treated continuously with DES. In a second study in which rats received DES pellets for 2 months and then the pellets were removed for 4 months, 1 mg bromocriptine sc markedly suppressed the elevated levels of circulating PRL. Collectively, these results show that 14 to 30 days of DES treatment are sufficient to induce PRL-secreting adenohypophysial tumors in adult male rats, although considerable involution of the tumor appears to occur after pellet removal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3917249 TI - In vitro luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone release from superfused rat hypothalami: site of action of progesterone and effect of estrogen priming. AB - The study examined the effect of estrogen priming on progesterone (P4)-induced LHRH release, the tissue site of action of P4, and the effect of 5 alpha dihydroxyprogesterone (5 alpha-DHP) on LHRH release from hypothalamic fragments superfused in vitro. Immature female rats were ovariectomized (OVX) and, at 28 days of age, Silastic capsules containing estradiol (E2) were implanted. Two days later, animals were killed and hypothalamic fragments were removed and transferred to superfusion chambers. The hypothalamic units received P4 or 5 alpha-DHP delivered in an intermittent mode (10-min on, 20-min off). LHRH was determined in perfusates by RIA. After the input characteristics of different infusion modes (single pulses, intermittent, and continuous) of P4 infused into superfusion chambers were assessed, an intermittent infusion mode (10-min on, 20 min off) was selected for further examinations. In the mediobasal hypothalamic anterior hypothalamic-preoptic area (MBH-AHA-POA) tissue preparations, we observed: 1) an infusion of 5 alpha-DHP was ineffective in stimulating LHRH release; 2) the release pattern of LHRH in response to three different P4 doses (10, 20, and 50 ng/ml) was similar in terms of percent changes (202% to 219% over control values); and 3) E2 priming was absolutely required for P4-stimulated LHRH release, and this requirement appeared to be dose dependent. Upon an examination of three hypothalamic tissue boundaries [the MBH, the POA-suprachiasmatic nuclei (POA-SCN), and the median eminence (ME)] to better delineate the in vitro site of action of P4 on LHRH release, it was demonstrated that the MBH responded upon P4 infusion, whereas the POA-SCN was unable to do so. The ME also responded upon P4 infusion, and LHRH release followed closely the pulsatile administration of P4 since upon each challenge of the steroid at the concentration of 10 or 20 ng/ml, a significant rise in LHRH release occurred. However, the temporal patterns of LHRH release from the ME appears to be different from those obtained from the MBH as well as the MBH-AHA-POA. These observations demonstrate that an intermittent infusion of P4, but not 5 alpha-DHP, is effective in activating the neural LHRH apparatus. Estrogen is an obligatory requirement for this P4-stimulated LHRH release, and the neural site of action of P4 resides within the MBH. However, this steroid also can act directly upon the ME nerve terminals to release LHRH. PMID- 3917248 TI - The role of cholesterol esterification in ovarian steroidogenesis: studies in cultured swine granulosa cells using a novel inhibitor of acyl coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase. AB - We have used a novel competitive inhibitor of acyl coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT), Sandoz compound 58-035 [3-(decyldimethyl-silyl)N-[2-(4 methyl-phenyl)1-phenylethyl propanamide], to assess the importance of the cholesterol esterification reaction in ovarian steroidogenesis. Compound 58-035 markedly (greater than or equal to 96%) inhibited ACAT activity of swine ovarian microsomes in a dose-dependent (0.1-3.5 micrograms/ml) fashion. In addition, treatment of cultured granulosa cells with this fatty acylamide effectively (greater than or equal to 98%) suppressed hormonally stimulated cholesterol esterification, as assessed by the incorporation of [3H]oleic acid into cholesteryl ester. Accordingly, we used this inhibitor to test the role of cholesterol esterification in ovarian cells. In cultures with limited or no serum supplementation, long term (2- to 6-day) treatment of granulosa cells with compound 58-035 significantly increased basal progesterone production and amplified by 2- to 10-fold the stimulatory actions of trophic hormones, such as estradiol, FSH, estradiol combined with FSH, or insulin. The amplifying effect of ACAT inhibition on hormone-stimulated progesterone production could be mimicked by providing exogenous cholesterol substrate in the form of low density lipoprotein (LDL). Cotreatment with compound 58-035 and LDL resulted in no further augmentation of steroidogenesis. In contrast to the facilitative effects of compound 58-035 in longer term cultures, this ACAT inhibitor did not alter progesterone biosynthesis acutely (2-20 h) in swine or hamster ovarian cells. These observations suggest that there is an obligatory partitioning of some sterol into the ester pool in granulosa cells. In times of diminished availability of cholesterol, inhibition of the esterification pathway can make additional cholesterol available for use in steroid hormone biosynthesis. Thus, in the intact Graafian follicle, where LDL cholesterol delivery to granulosa cells and intracellular cholesteryl ester stores are limited, regulation of the ACAT reaction may significantly modulate rates of progesterone biosynthesis. The present results indicate that the use of a selective inhibitor of cholesterol esterification can permit one to probe the functional significance of the esterification reaction in steroidogenic cells. PMID- 3917250 TI - Regional distribution of rat growth hormone releasing factor-like immunoreactivity in rat hypothalamus. AB - A heterologous RIA for rat GH-releasing factor (rGRF) was established using synthetic rGRF-(1-43)OH for both standard reference and radioiodination with the antiserum produced against human GRF-(1-44) NH2. The regional distribution of rGRF-like immunoreactivity (LI) in rat hypothalamus was examined according to the Palkovits microdissection method and compared with that of somatostatin (SRIF) LI. Both rGRF- and SRIF-LI contents (mean +/- SE; nanograms per mg protein) were highest in the median eminence (rGRF, 32.28 +/- 11.42; SRIF, 109.9 +/- 19.2) and next most abundant in the arcuate nucleus (rGRF, 3.50 +/- 0.47; SRIF, 12.88 +/- 0.60). Only a small amount of rGRF-LI was found in the ventromedial (1.41 +/- 0.51) and dorsomedial (1.16 +/- 0.15) nuclei and the anterior hypothalamic area (1.29 +/- 0.42), whereas rGRF-LI was not detected in the other nuclei of the hypothalamus. A considerable amount of SRIF-LI was contained in the periventricular, ventromedial, and paraventricular nuclei and the anterior hypothalamic area, in accordance with other reports. Gel filtration chromatography revealed that hypothalamic extracts contained a major peak of rGRF LI corresponding to rGRF-(1-43)OH and two peaks of SRIF-LI equivalent to SRIF-(1 28) and SRIF-(1-14), respectively. These findings indicate that rGRF-LI is localized in the median eminence and arcuate nucleus in the rat and that rGRF-, SRIF-(1-28)-, and SRIF-(1-14)-LI are present in a 1:2.10:6.29 ratio on a molar basis. PMID- 3917251 TI - Inhibitory effect of hypothalamic stimulation on growth hormone (GH) release induced by GH-releasing factor in the rat. AB - The object of the present experiments was to clarify the topography of hypothalamic areas related to the suppression of GH release induced by human pancreatic GH-releasing factor (hpGRF). One week before the experiments, bipolar concentric stimulating electrodes were implanted in the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis (OVLT), the periventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (Pe), the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMH), the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA), or the ventral premammillary nucleus (PMV). At the same time, the jugular vein was cannulated for blood sampling, and lesion of the anterior Pe was performed with a cathodal current. One and one half hours before the first blood sampling the rats were anesthetized with pentobarbital to prevent spontaneous GH bursts. One minute after the first blood sampling, 10 micrograms hpGRF dissolved in 0.3 ml saline was injected iv through the cannula. The blood samples were collected at 10, 20, 30, and 60 min after the zero-time sample. The above mentioned hypothalamic nuclei were electrically stimulated for the first 10 min. Injection of hpGRF increased the plasma GH level from 44.2 +/- 7.3 ng/ml (mean +/ SE) to 981.4 +/- 59.8 ng/ml in 10 min, and the plasma GH level gradually decreased to 50.8 +/- 8.8 ng/ml by 60 min. The hpGRF-induced GH release was most effectively suppressed by the stimulation of the Pe. After the stimulation of the OVLT, the VMH, the LHA, or the PMV, the suppression of hpGRF-induced GH release was weaker than that of the Pe. This stimulation-induced suppression was fully or partly prevented in Pe-lesioned animals. These results indicate that the stimulation of the Pe, the OVLT, the VMH, the LHA, or the PMV exerts an inhibitory effect on GH release. For this inhibitory effect, the Pe was essential. The results are discussed with regard to the topography of immunoreactive SRIF neuronal cell bodies and processes in the hypothalamus. PMID- 3917252 TI - Testicular function and pelage color have different critical daylengths in the Djungarian hamster, Phodopus sungorus sungorus. AB - Testicular function and pelage color are regulated by photoperiod in the Djungarian hamster. To investigate the critical daylengths of these functions, adult male hamsters were exposed to one of four photoperiods: 16 h of light, 8 h of darkness (16L:8D), 14L:10D, 12L:12D, or 10L:14D. 10L:14D and 12L:12D induced the winter molt and testicular regression, in contrast to 14L:10D which induced only the latter response, and 16L:8D which maintained the summer pelage and large testes. Melatonin injections administered 4, 2, or 0 h before lights-off to hamsters exposed to 16L:8D mimicked the effects in hamsters exposed to 10:14D, 12L:12D or 14L:10D, respectively, on pelage color and testicular weight. Based on previous observations, the elevated circulating melatonin levels resulting from these injections were expected to extend the endogenous melatonin peak. Thus, this finding suggests that the duration of circadian melatonin elevation is the critical parameter determining its effect not only on the gonads, but also on the pelage. Since 14L:10D induced testicular regression but not the winter molt, this study also investigated whether circulating FSH levels, known to affect testicular function, and PRL levels, which have been shown to affect pelage color, might be affected differently by 14L:10D. Both FSH and PRL levels were found to be suppressed in 14L:10D hamsters compared to those in 16L:8D hamsters, although the interval between the initial decrease and eventual recovery was less than that in 10L:14D hamsters. Thus, the differential responses of the pelage and gonads to 14L:10D do not appear to be based on selective suppression of FSH in this photoperiod. However, different responses to 14L:10D compared to 10L:14D may be related to the shorter period of suppression of both PRL and FSH by the 14L:10D daylengths. PMID- 3917253 TI - Cortisol suppresses the LH, but not the FSH, response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone after orchidectomy. AB - Castration leads to a rapid increase in LH and FSH secretion, and exogenous gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) elicits supernormal secretion of LH and FSH after orchidectomy. Superimposition of adrenalectomy or pretreatment with cortisol prevents the acute castration-induced LH and FSH response seen within 24 h. The gonadotropin response to exogenous GnRH is not suppressed by adrenalectomy, indicating that adrenalectomy acts by preventing hypothalamic GnRH secretion and not by diminishing pituitary responsiveness to GnRH. Cortisol treatment severely reduces the response of LH to injected GnRH after castration, suggesting that cortisol suppression is at the pituitary level. Surprisingly, FSH secretory response to GnRH after orchidectomy is not suppressed by cortisol treatment, indicating a striking point of separate regulation of the two gonadotropins. PMID- 3917254 TI - Serum-free medium enhances growth and differentiation of cultured pig granulosa cells. AB - We have developed new serum-free culture techniques for swine granulosa cells from immature (1-3 mm) follicles. These methods have allowed more detailed examination of factors regulating both replication and cytodifferentiation of these cells. For optimal replication, collagen-coated culture dishes and a highly supplemented nutrient medium (a 1:1 mixture of Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium and Ham's F-10), containing 5 micrograms/ml transferrin, 300 mU/ml insulin, 40 ng/ml hydrocortisone, 4 mg/ml BSA, and 2.5% (vol/vol) of a platelet extract (PE) was found to be essential. Cultures maintained in this serum-free complete medium (SFCM) grew to confluence and contained as many or more cells than replicate cultures maintained in 10% fetal calf serum (10% FCS) (e.g. SFCM: 1.89 +/- 0.17; 10% FCS: 1.12 +/- 0.02 cells per well X 10(-5) on day 6). In the absence of albumin, PE, or without collagen coating, the cell numbers were, respectively 4.5%, 9.8%, and 5.0% of that observed with complete SFCM. The mitogenic effect of the PE was due to heat-labile as well as heat-stable components and could not be replaced by platelet-derived growth factor. To evaluate cytodifferentiation, cells grown in SFCM were compared with those grown in 10% FCS with regard to progesterone secretion and FSH responsiveness. Basal progesterone levels were higher in SFCM at all stages in culture. FSH stimulated progesterone secretion in both 10% FCS and SFCM. However, FSH responsiveness was diminished after 4 days with 10% FCS, whereas cells in SFCM remained responsive for 10 days. Thus, this system seems to be highly suitable for the study of the regulation of growth and differentiation of granulosa cells. PMID- 3917256 TI - Growth hormone (GH)-releasing factor (GRF) pretreatment enhances the GRF-induced GH secretion in rats with the pituitary autotransplanted to the kidney capsule. AB - The long term in vivo effects of the recently characterized human pancreas GH releasing factor, hpGRF (1-44) were studied in chronically cannulated unrestrained rats. In order to minimize the influence of endogenous hypothalamic GRF and somatostatin on the pituitary, the experiments were carried out in rats with the pituitary autotransplanted to the kidney capsule. The integrated GH release (mean +/- SE) in response to an iv injection of hpGRF (4 micrograms/kg) was markedly enhanced (P less than 0.01) by iv pretreatment with hpGRF every 8 h for 3 days (182 +/- 47 h X ng/ml) as compared to saline-pretreated controls (36 +/- 4 h X ng/ml). TRH pretreatment did not potentiate the effect of hpGRF (47 +/- 9 h X ng/ml). It is concluded that multiple administrations of hpGRF enhance the GH response to a subsequent hpGRF injection in the rat. Moreover, autotransplantation of the pituitary to the kidney capsule may supply a useful in vivo model for further studies on the effects of different modes of GRF administration on GH secretion. PMID- 3917255 TI - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone rapidly stimulates a biphasic secretion of prolactin and growth hormone in GH4C1 rat pituitary tumor cells. AB - The characteristics of TRH-induced acute PRL and GH secretion were studied in GH4C1 cells, a clonal rat anterior pituitary tumor cell line which secretes PRL and GH. The experiments were carried out both in a flow system in which microcarrier (Cytodex)-attached cells were perifused at a constant rate and in a conventional static culture system. In both systems, cells responded to TRH in a qualitatively similar manner. TRH significantly stimulated PRL and GH secretion within 5 sec without a detectable lag period. The secretion rate was highest during the initial 1 min, declined sharply thereafter despite the continuous presence of TRH, and plateaued at a lower level. The maximum dose of TRH caused 250-700% of basal secretion during the early period (approximately 8 min; first phase) and about 150% of basal secretion thereafter (second phase). The sustained lower secretion (second phase) was maintained as long as cells were exposed to TRH (up to 2.5 h), and the secretion rate returned to the basal level within 30 min of removal of TRH from the medium. The half-maximal doses for the first and second phase secretion were 2-3 and 0.5-1 nM, respectively, in both the perifusion and static culture systems. Over a 2-day period, TRH stimulated PRL synthesis and inhibited GH synthesis. The dose-response curves for these long term effects on hormone synthesis were similar to the dose-response curves for the first phase of release. [N3-methyl-His2]TRH gave similar results, but was more potent than TRH. [N3-methyl-His2]TRH stimulated first phase release with an ED50 of 0.4-0.8 nM, second phase release with an ED50 of 0.1-0.2 nM, and hormone synthesis with an ED50 of 0.7-0.8 nM. Preincubation of the cells with Ca+2-free medium significantly depressed both first and second phase secretion. Preexposure of the cells to cycloheximide (10 micrograms/ml) had little effect on the first phase of secretion, but reduced second phase secretion. The acute effects of TRH on GH and PRL were identical, except that the secretory response tended to be greater for PRL. We conclude that 1) TRH causes hormone secretion very rapidly in a biphasic manner; 2) the first phase of secretion consists primarily of the release of stored hormone, whereas the second phase includes the release of newly synthesized hormone; 3) the dose-response curve of second phase secretion is shifted to the left compared with that of first phase secretion; and 4) both phases of secretion are at least partially dependent on extracellular Ca+2. PMID- 3917257 TI - Reversal of diabetic cataract by sorbinil, an aldose reductase inhibitor. AB - Aldose reductase is implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic cataracts; therefore, inhibition of this enzyme subsequent to cataractogenesis may represent a therapeutic approach for restoration of lens physiology. In the present study, the effect of aldose reductase inhibition subsequent to stage I cataract formation was investigated in the streptozocin-induced diabetic rat. Our results indicated that the aldose reductase inhibitor sorbinil, a spirohydantoin, arrested further progression and promoted a reparative process despite continuation of hyperglycemia and elevated lens glucose. Quantitative analysis of scanning electron micrographs indicated that the afflicted lens regions were contained and their cellular components stabilized with regard to fiber hydration and interdigitation. The reparative process included: normalization of lens sorbitol, gradual recovery of existing fiber contour and interdigitation, production of new fibers, and partial restoration of lens myo-inositol content. PMID- 3917258 TI - Studies on the possible involvement of prostaglandins in insulin generation of pyruvate dehydrogenase activator. AB - Insulin-exposed liver particulate fraction supernatants from control rats stimulated mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activity by 26%, while the stimulation by similar preparations from indomethacin-injected rats (5 mg/kg twice daily, i.p., for 2 days) was 4%. In vitro addition of indomethacin to the particulate fraction during insulin exposure also inhibited stimulation of PDH by insulin. This inhibitory effect of indomethacin was completely overcome by the in vitro addition of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) to the liver particulate incubation mixture. Intact adipocytes showed a similar (62%) decrease in insulin activation of PDH in the presence of indomethacin. In a cell-free adipocyte system (co incubation of mitochondria and plasma membrane), indomethacin addition resulted in 90% decrease in insulin-stimulated PDH response. PGE2 addition completely reversed this inhibition. In contrast to its effects on PDH activation, indomethacin had no effect on insulin-stimulated glucose oxidation. In vitro incubation of fat cells with dexamethasone (1 microM) also resulted in decreased insulin activation of PDH. Inclusion of arachidonic acid during dexamethasone exposure of fat cells resulted in partial restoration of the insulin effect on PDH in fat cells and in cell-free preparations. However, addition of PGE2 during insulin exposure of plasma membranes from dexamethasone-treated preparations showed no significant restoration of the insulin effect on PDH. These studies suggest that: (1) PG metabolism is involved in insulin's generation of the second messenger, and (2) the mechanism of dexamethasone-induced inhibition of insulin effect on PDH is a complex phenomenon involving the synthesis and action of eicosanoids. PMID- 3917259 TI - The effects of cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase inhibitors on the collagen abnormalities of diabetic rats. AB - The importance of cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways in the determination of collagen abnormalities in diabetes was investigated. Pharmacological agents with antiprostaglandin activity, such as indomethacin, naproxen, and aspirin, were able to prevent the rise in thermal rupture time of tail collagen in diabetic rats. Paracetamol was without effect. The action of indomethacin on diabetic collagen was abolished by concurrent administration of sodium benoxaprofen, an inhibitor of lipoxygenase, to the diabetic rats. Collagen abnormalities in diabetes may be regulated by a balance of the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways. Antiprostaglandin agents may have a role in the prevention of some diabetic complications. PMID- 3917260 TI - Colonic mucin composition in primates. Selective alterations associated with spontaneous colitis in the cotton-top tamarin. AB - Heterogeneity of colonic mucin glycoprotein was examined in rectal mucosal biopsy specimens from a variety of primate species (Saguinus oedipus, n = 18; Macaca mulatta, n = 2; Macaca fascicularis, n = 2; Aotus trivirgatus, n = 2; Saimiri sciureus, n = 2; and Callithrix jacchus, n = 2). After initial separation of radiolabeled mucin and nonmucin glycoproteins solubilized from mucosal biopsy specimens, at least five labeled mucin components were found in monkey rectal mucosa in contrast to the six mucin fractions observed in the human colon. Although primates consistently lacked the earliest eluting component present in human colonic mucin, other mucin components cochromatographed with comparable fractions previously identified in human colonic biopsy specimens. The relative proportions of each fraction were consistent throughout all species except the cotton-top tamarin (S. oedipus), an animal that develops a chronic colitis. The cotton-top tamarin was found to have a markedly reduced amount of one mucin component (IV) in a manner analogous to the reduction in a human mucin fraction previously noted in patients with ulcerative colitis. Sequential evaluation of mucin profiles in cotton-top tamarins (n = 12) treated with sulfasalazine (50 mg/kg X day) or placebo in a 10-wk double-blind crossover study demonstrated the persistence of the selective reduction in tamarin species IV unrelated to disease activity. In contrast, the relative amount of tamarin mucin III was greater in association with increased disease activity than that observed in association with reduced disease activity (46% +/- 11% total mucin vs. 19% +/- 7% total mucin posttreatment). PMID- 3917261 TI - Metabolism of arachidonic acid in acetic acid colitis in rats. Similarity to human inflammatory bowel disease. AB - We recently reported that human inflammatory bowel disease mucosa contains large amounts of leukotriene B4, a potent chemotactic agent formed from arachidonic acid through the lipoxygenase pathway. To more fully evaluate the role of arachidonic acid metabolites in the mediation of intestinal inflammation, we studied arachidonate metabolism in an animal model: acetic acid colitis in the rat. Incubation of acetic acid colitis mucosa with arachidonic acid resulted in the production of leukotriene B4 and a series of monohydroxy fatty acids, all products of the lipoxygenase pathway, plus much smaller amounts of cyclooxygenase products including prostaglandin E2. All of these metabolities were made in significantly greater quantities by mucosa from acetic acid-treated rats than by controls. The pattern of arachidonate metabolism in acetic acid colitis was strikingly similar to that in human inflammatory bowel disease. Moreover, the concentration of leukotriene B4 in acetic acid-treated mucosa was almost identical to that in human inflammatory bowel disease mucosa and was 50 times greater than that in normal rat colonic mucosa. These data indicate that lipoxygenase products, including leukotriene B4, may be important mediators of intestinal inflammation in a wide variety of inflammatory conditions. Moreover, the similarities in the metabolism of arachidonate by human inflammatory bowel disease and by acetic acid colitis may allow the use of this model, and perhaps other animal models of intestinal inflammation, in the screening of potential therapeutic agents for inflammatory bowel disease. PMID- 3917262 TI - Requirements for restitution of the surface epithelium of frog stomach after mucosal injury. AB - In frog fundic mucosae mounted in Ussing chambers, exposure to luminal 1 M NaCl for 10 min caused a sharp immediate decrease in potential difference, resistance, short circuit current, and acid secretion, but within 4-6 h these readings had returned toward control values. After initial severe destruction of surface epithelial cells, gradual morphologic restitution occurred within 4-6 h. A Ca2+ free nutrient solution and 4 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid administered after injury prevented both physiologic and morphologic restitution. A Ca2+-free nutrient solution administered alone after injury prevented physiologic recovery, but although narrow gaps and lack of tight junctions were found between some cells, there was near-complete epithelial cell coverage. The addition of 2 mM Ca2+ to these tissues 3 h after injury effected rapid recovery of electrophysiologic parameters and a complete closure of the intercellular spaces. Cytochalasin B (3 X 10(-3) M nutrient) prevented physiologic recovery and mucosal restitution. Neither cycloheximide nor colchicine had any effect on the normal process of restitution. Autoradiography of [3H]thymidine incorporation showed no increase in labeling within 4 h of hyperosmolar injury. We conclude that adequate Ca2+ is required for complete restitution of gastric mucosa after hyperosmolar injury, and that restitution occurs by migration of persisting viable gastric pit cells. PMID- 3917264 TI - Protection against aspirin-induced antral and duodenal damage with enprostil. A double-blind endoscopic study. AB - Prostaglandins protect against aspirin-induced damage to the gastrointestinal tract. This study tested the ability of enprostil, a synthetic analog of prostaglandin E2, given concurrently to prevent gastroduodenal injury. Twenty four healthy subjects were randomly assigned to one of three groups. All received aspirin 650 mg q.i.d. for 5 days. One group received placebo and the other groups were given either 7 or 70 micrograms of enprostil b.i.d. for 5 days. Upper endoscopy was performed at entry and 2 h after the final dose of aspirin. Enprostil 70 micrograms b.i.d. afforded significant protection of both the antral and duodenal mucosa. The 7-micrograms dose protected only the antral mucosa. Side effects were not observed with the lower dose of enprostil. Serum salicylate levels did not differ significantly between the groups. PMID- 3917263 TI - Properties of gastric and duodenal mucus: effect of proteolysis, disulfide reduction, bile, acid, ethanol, and hypertonicity on mucus gel structure. AB - Small deformation oscillatory rheologic measurements have been used to investigate the structure of human and pig gastric mucus and pig duodenal mucus. All three secretions had viscoelastic properties characteristic of water insoluble, viscoelastic gels. Mucus will flow and anneal if damaged, due to the making and breaking of its elastic structure, the measured lifetime of which was 10-120 min. Mucus reconstituted by concentration of the purified glycoprotein (pig gastric and duodenal mucus) had the same viscoelastic properties as the fresh mucus, giving evidence that the glycoprotein alone will reproduce the rheologic characteristics of the mucus. The structure of fresh mucus gel was unaffected by prolonged exposure to the following mucosal damaging agents: undiluted pig bile, 20 mM sodium taurocholate or 20 mM sodium glycocholate (all at pH 2, 6, and 8), HCl at pH 1, 2 M NaCl, and ethanol less than 40% (vol/vol). Higher concentrations of ethanol greater than 40% (vol/vol), caused dehydration and denaturation of mucus. Proteolysis by pepsin and other enzymes resulted in solubilization of the mucus gel with a complete change in the properties from an "elastic" gel to those of a "viscous" liquid. A similar collapse of mucus gel structure was observed after reduction of disulfide bonds in 0.2 M mercaptoethanol, but only after incubation for at least 50 min. This study demonstrates the stability of mucus to several mucosal damaging agents. It is proposed in vivo that although adherent gastroduodenal mucus allows penetration of these agents to the underlying mucosa, it can remain in situ and continue to protect against acid (with HCO3-) and pepsin, thus minimizing mucosal damage and maximizing repair. PMID- 3917265 TI - Multifactorial low remodeling bone disease during cyclic total parenteral nutrition. AB - The physiopathology of metabolic bone disease described during long term total parenteral nutrition is poorly understood. We therefore prospectively assessed bone status of seven adult patients [mean age, 42 +/- 16 (SD) yr] treated with cyclic total parenteral nutrition for a period of 7 +/- 2 (SD) months. All patients had hypercalciuria (381 +/- 96 mg/day) associated with negative calcium balance in six of seven patients (-49 +/- 120 mg/day). A correlation was found (r = +0.74, P less than 0.01) between protein intake and calciuria. Two patients developed slight transient hypercalcemia. Serum magnesium and phosphate levels remained within the normal range. A high aluminum load due to the added phosphate solution (253 +/- 84 micrograms/day) was associated with increased serum aluminum levels (52 +/- 38 micrograms/liter). Normal serum levels of 25 hydroxyvitamin D (12 +/- 7 ng/ml) and low normal 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D levels (21 +/- 8 pg/ml) were found. Serum PTH was normal in five and increased in two of the seven patients. However, in these two patients skeletal unresponsiveness to the action of PTH was found. A new histomorphometric picture of bone was observed; it consisted of a markedly reduced bone formation with subnormal osteoclastic activity leading to a low trabecular bone volume. No osteomalacia was found. The aluminum load may have played a role in these bone defects. The hypercalciuria with negative calcium balance was attributed to the cyclic amino-acid delivery during TPN. PMID- 3917266 TI - Evidence for decreased luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone pulse frequency in men with selective elevations of follicle-stimulating hormone. AB - To examine the hypothesis that the frequency of endogenous pulsatile LHRH stimulation controls the relative secretion of FSH and LH from the pituitary, we studied men with elevated FSH levels and normal LH levels to determine whether they have an altered frequency of pulsatile LHRH secretion compared to normal men. Because peripheral blood measurements of LHRH do not reflect the pulsatile characteristics of hypothalamic LHRH secretion, and it is generally accepted that the pulse frequency of LH secretion is an index of the frequency of endogenous LHRH pulsation, we used LH pulse frequency as the indicator of LHRH pulse frequency. Frequent blood sampling was performed to characterize LH pulse patterns in five men with selective elevations of FSH and seven age-matched normal men. Beginning at 0800-0930 h, blood samples were obtained every 10 min for 24 h through an indwelling iv catheter. Serum LH and FSH levels were measured by RIA in each sample, and the pattern of LH secretion was determined. Testosterone (T), estradiol, sex hormone-binding globulin, and free T were measured in a pooled serum sample from each man. Men with selective elevations of FSH had fewer LH pulses per 24 h (mean +/- SEM, 10.6 +/- 0.5) than the control group (12.9 +/- 0.6; P less than 0.01). There was no statistically significant difference in LH pulse amplitude (23 +/- 4 vs. 17 +/- 3 ng/ml). There were no statistically significant differences in T (4.9 +/- 0.5 vs. 6.1 +/- 0.5 ng/ml), estradiol (23 +/- 7 vs. 31 +/- 5 pg/ml), sex hormone-binding globulin (7.7 +/- 1.4 vs. 7.7 +/- 1.2 ng bound dihydrotestosterone/ml), or free T (0.16 +/- 0.02 vs. 0.23 +/- 0.04 ng/ml) in these men vs. normal subjects. We conclude that 1) compared to normal men, men with selectively elevated FSH levels have decreased LH pulse frequency, which suggests decreased LHRH pulse frequency; and 2) the relative secretion rates of LH and FSH by the pituitary may be regulated by the frequency of pulsatile LHRH secretion from the hypothalamus. PMID- 3917267 TI - Suppression of plasma testosterone leads to an increase in serum total and high density lipoprotein cholesterol and apoproteins A-I and B. AB - Men have lower high density lipoprotein (HDL) and higher low density lipoprotein (LDL) levels than women. To dynamically evaluate the role of endogenous testosterone on the lipoprotein profile, eight normal men received a long-acting gonadotropin releasing hormone analog (LHRHA) for 10 weeks by SC injection. Plasma testosterone levels were acutely lowered below 1 ng/ml after 4 weeks of LHRHA treatment and remained depressed at this level for the duration of administration of the analog. There were prompt increases in total cholesterol [baseline vs. peak (milligrams per dl) mean +/- SEM, 177 +/- 18 vs. 208 +/- 22; P less than 0.005], apoprotein B (apo B; 69 +/- 12 vs. 97 +/- 13; P less than 0.05), HDL-cholesterol (23 +/- 2 vs. 33 +/- 2; P less than 0.005), and apo A-I (80 +/- 7 vs. 112 +/- 5; P less than 0.005), but not in apo A-II (40 +/- 3 vs. 40 +/- 4; P = NS) levels. The peaks occurred after 10 weeks of treatment and were followed by a fall in these values after discontinuing LHRHA. These changes were largely prevented in a second study (six men) in which LHRHA was administered together with im testosterone enanthate, which was given every 2 weeks. These results show that suppression of endogenous testosterone leads to increases in HDL and LDL, demonstrating that testosterone has an important effect on lipoprotein metabolism and plays a key role in defining the lipoprotein profile in men. PMID- 3917268 TI - Response of the prepubertal ovary to acute chorionic gonadotropin administration: absence of modulation by growth hormone. AB - Twenty-five short term hCG stimulation tests were performed in seven prepubertal girls, aged 3-11 yr, who were being evaluated for short stature. Provocative testing revealed GH deficiency in all patients, but reevaluation of one girl at a later date showed normal somatotropin levels. The study protocol lasted 18 months and included testing before, during, and after 1 yr of GH therapy. Delta 4 Androstenedione, testosterone, estrone, and estradiol were determined 0, 24, 48, and 72 h after initiation of a two-injection course of CG. Significant responses (approximately 2-fold over baseline) to the stimulation tests occurred for all steroids except testosterone, though no augmented effects were found in the presence of human GH. The results indicate functional capability of the prepubertal ovary when exposed acutely to a LH-like material, but no role for somatotropin in gonadal steroid production in the prepubertal female. PMID- 3917269 TI - A reappraisal of the binding characteristics of human thyroxine-binding globulin for 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine and thyroxine. AB - The binding characteristics of T4 and T3 to dilute plasma were studied separately in five normal euthyroid subjects with normal levels of thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG). Scatchard analyses of these data revealed similar mean affinity constants for T4 [2.0 +/- 0.7 (SD) X 10(9) M-1] and T3 (2.0 +/- 0.7 X 10(9) M-1), but a 5-fold higher capacity for T4 (0.75 +/- 0.18 mol T4/mol TBG) than for T3 (0.14 +/- 0.06 mol T3/mol TBG). Similar results were obtained using various assay buffers, pH concentrations, or separation methods. This characteristic pattern of T4 and T3 binding was retained by thyroid hormone free plasma, with the only difference being a slight parallel shift to the left of the Scatchard plots for both T4 and T3. The calculated affinities (Ka) for T4 and T3 were 5.2 X 10(9) M-1 and 5.2 X 10(9) M-1, respectively. High affinity T4 and T3 binding was abolished in plasma selectively depleted of TBG, but was retained after selective depletion of either prealbumin or albumin. Highly purified TBG, prepared from normal serum, demonstrated binding characteristics for T3 and T4 similar to dilute plasma. Displacement of [125I]T4 from dilute plasma by unlabeled T3 or T4 revealed a binding potency of T3 relative to T4 of 9%. Binding affinities derived from analog displacement studies appear invalid as these calculations assume equal binding capacities of TBG for T4 and T3. It seems clear from these studies, that the binding characteristics of human TBG are inconsistent with a single competitive binding site for thyroid hormones. PMID- 3917270 TI - Changes in growth hormone (GH) secretion induced by human pancreatic GH releasing hormone-44 in acromegaly: a comparison with thyrotropin-releasing hormone and bromocriptine. AB - We studied the effects of 100 micrograms human pancreatic GH releasing hormone-44 (GRH) in 35 acromegalic patients. Plasma GH levels significantly increased [basal, 30 +/- 10 (SE) ng/ml; peak, 82 +/- 21 ng/ml; P less than 0.01], but a wide intersubject variability of the responses was found (range, 20-1602%). No relationship was found between the percentage GH increase after GRH and basal values of GH, PRL, or somatomedin-C. All patients also underwent an acute test with bromocriptine (2.5 mg orally) and TRH (200 micrograms iv). When dividing the patients according to their GH responsiveness to bromocriptine (Br), an inverse correlation (r = -0.42, P less than 0.05) was found between percentage of GH changes after GRH and after Br; moreover Br responder patients had a lesser (P less than 0.001) GH increase after GRH (124 +/- 27%) than nonresponders (562 +/- 116%). No relationship was found between the GH response to TRH and GRH, and no differences were found between the percentage GH increase after TRH (513 +/- 117%) and after GRH (349 +/- 71%). We conclude that the tumoral somatotrophs are sensitive to their specific releasing hormone and we suggest that the presence in the adenoma of cells with surface membrane receptors similar to those on the lactotropes may explain the lower sensitivity to GRH of Br responders compared to nonresponders. PMID- 3917272 TI - Effect of nitroglycerin on the pulmonary venous gradient in patients after mitral valve replacement. AB - Because the equality of the pulmonary artery wedge pressure and left atrial pressure has been questioned in patients with mitral valve disease and pulmonary hypertension, this study examined how vasomotor activity in the pulmonary capacitance vessels might contribute to a discrepancy between these pressures. The difference between the pulmonary wedge and left atrial pressures (designated as the pulmonary venous gradient) was measured after nitroglycerin administration in nine patients who had pulmonary hypertension (mean pulmonary artery pressure 40 mm Hg) after mitral valve replacement. Five minutes after sublingual nitroglycerin, 0.4 mg, the mean pulmonary wedge pressure decreased from 19 +/- 2 to 13 +/- 2 mm Hg (p less than 0.005), exceeding the decrease in left atrial pressure (15 +/- 2 to 11 +/- 2 mm Hg; p less than 0.005). Pulmonary blood flow increased from 4.6 +/- 0.4 to 4.9 +/- 0.4 liters/min (p less than 0.005). The decrease in mean pulmonary venous gradient from 4.0 +/- 0.8 to 1.7 +/- 0.6 mm Hg (p less than 0.025) was attributed to nitrate-mediated pulmonary venodilation. The ratio of venous gradient to blood flow, an index of pulmonary venous tone, decreased after nitroglycerin from 0.9 +/- 0.2 to 0.4 +/- 0.1 (p less than 0.01). These data indicate that reversible pulmonary vasoconstriction contributes to elevation of the pulmonary wedge pressure above the left atrial pressure in patients with chronic mitral valve disease and pulmonary hypertension and that nitroglycerin may produce pulmonary venodilation decreasing the pulmonary venous gradient. PMID- 3917271 TI - Follicular fluid steroid levels in dysmature and mature follicles from spontaneous and hyperstimulated cycles in normal and anovulatory women. AB - Follicular maturity and atresia have been defined previously, both hormonally and microscopically, in normal ovulatory women. Ovarian hyperstimulation with clomiphene citrate and human menopausal gonadotropins in normal women is carried out for the purpose of aspirating oocytes from several large follicles for in vitro fertilization. Alterations in follicular fluid (FF) hormone levels occur with hyperstimulation regimens, and some of these large follicles (greater than 18 mm) appear morphologically atretic. We have used the term dysmature to describe those large follicles that have an abnormal oocyte morphological appearance and cannot be fertilized in vitro. Mature follicles have been defined by their size, their oocyte morphological appearance, and their ability to be fertilized in vitro. FF from small (2-3 mm) and large (greater than 18 mm) mature and dysmature follicles were obtained from 10 untreated ovulatory women. Mature and dysmature follicles also were obtained from clomiphene and human menopausal gonadotropin-treated normal (n = 11) and anovulatory (n = 5) women. In untreated cycles, the FF steroid content of the small follicles characterized these follicles to be atretic. FF from dysmature follicles from spontaneous untreated cycles had higher concentrations of dihydrotestosterone, 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha,17 beta-diol, and 17 beta-estradiol (E2) and lower progesterone (Prog) and Prog to E2 ratios (P less than 0.05). Compared to mature follicles from untreated patients, hyperstimulated mature follicles from ovulatory women had higher FF E2 concentrations and lower Prog to E2 ratios (P less than 0.05). In ovulatory patients, the FF concentrations of testosterone were higher and FF Prog and Prog to E2 ratios were lower (P less than 0.05) in the dysmature than in the mature follicles. Mature follicles from hyperstimulated ovulatory patients and those from hyperstimulated anovulatory patients were similar except for lower FF Prog, higher FF E2, and lower Prog to E2 ratios in the anovulatory group. Dysmature follicles from hyperstimulated anovulatory patients had lower FF androstenedione and dihydrotestosterone, but were generally similar to mature follicles. The percentages of dysmature follicles occurring among all large (greater than 18 mm) follicles that were aspirated were similar in ovulatory (34%) and anovulatory (45%) patients. FF steroid concentrations did not correlate with serum levels of testosterone and E2 at the time of follicle aspiration in any patient group. In conclusion, FF androgen concentrations in hyperstimulated follicles were unrelated to morphological maturity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3917273 TI - Inhibition of recombinant interferon-gamma-induced Ia antigen expression by shed B16 F10 melanoma cell membrane vesicles. AB - The expression of immune region-associated (Ia) antigens by macrophages is a prerequisite for antigen presentation, which is necessary for the activation of T helper cell function. A decrease in macrophage Ia expression is associated with a decrease in immune function in vitro. However, the effect of diseases accompanied by immunosuppression, such as cancer, on macrophage Ia expression has not been studied. The expression of Ia antigen was induced by the culture of murine peritoneal macrophages with recombinant interferon-gamma (IFN). Maximal expression was achieved after 4 days of culture. Membrane vesicles shed from the murine B16 F10 melanoma cell line inhibited the in vitro induction of Ia expression by 40 to 90% in allogeneic and syngeneic systems. Inhibition was not due to toxicity, a reduction in IFN activity, phagocytosis or contamination of the vesicle preparation with endotoxin, which is an inhibitor of Ia expression. Inhibition exerted by vesicles was prostaglandin-dependent and was over-come by increasing concentrations of IFN. It is possible that the reduction of macrophage Ia antigen expression by tumor cell products, such as shed membrane vesicles, contributes to the immunosuppression of tumor-bearing hosts. Employing IFN to reverse the inhibition provides a strategy for improving the therapy of patients with cancer. PMID- 3917274 TI - Defective IFN-gamma production in the human neonate. I. Dysregulation rather than intrinsic abnormality. AB - Cord blood leukocytes (CBL) stimulated with PHA, Con A, or with the monoclonal antibody OKT3 proliferate normally but produce very low titers of IFN-gamma. This defect was not observed with maternal leukocytes collected at the time of delivery, indicating that the defective production of IFN-gamma in CBL is not a mere consequence of a hormonal change associated with labor. CBL produced large amounts of IFN-gamma (comparable to those observed in adult control and in mothers) after stimulation with staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA). Furthermore, gamma-irradiation with as little as 500 or 1000 rad, or incubation at 37 degrees C for 24 hr, reversed the defect in PHA-induced IFN-gamma secretion. This finding indicates that the defective secretion of IFN-gamma of CBL is not intrinsic, but rather is the consequence of a subtle dysregulation. We could not find evidence for a defective accessory function with cord blood monocytes, because the addition of adherent cells from adult donors did not reverse the defect. In co cultures of adult leukocytes and CBL, PHA-induced IFN-gamma secretion was comparable to that of adult cultures tested alone. Nonirradiated CBL were not able to suppress IFN-gamma secretion by irradiated autologous leukocytes. Together, our results suggest that the defective PHA-induced IFN-gamma secretion of CBL is the result of an original type of dysregulation and is associated with an excessive sensitivity to suppressive signals rather than excessive suppressor function. PMID- 3917275 TI - Characterization of T lymphocyte subpopulations responsible for deficient interleukin 2 activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Normal immunoregulation depends on a complex set of cellular interactions in which interleukin 2 (IL 2) appears to play an important role. We have examined the IL 2 activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). IL 2 production by phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated T cells for 48 hr was measured by the ability of their culture fluid to induce proliferation of normal human T cells that had been activated for more than 20 days by PHA plus IL 2. To measure IL 2 responsiveness, T cells were blasted by preincubation with concanavalin A for 96 hr and stimulated for another 72 hr with lectin-free standard IL 2. SLE T cells failed to produce normal levels of IL 2 in vitro compared with normal control T cells. This failure resided in both OKT4+ and OKT8+ cells. Furthermore, the abnormality was due neither to soluble inhibitory factors produced by SLE T cells nor to active suppressor cells that might be induced by PHA-stimulation. Responsiveness to IL 2 of T cells from some, but not all, SLE patients was decreased significantly from that of normal controls. Absorption studies as well as studies with anti-Tac antibody demonstrated that the impaired responsiveness of T cells in the specific patients with SLE was due to inadequate expression of IL 2 receptors on the T cells upon activation. This defect was exclusively ascribed to the dysfunction of OKT4+, but not OKT8+, cells. The above defects in production of and responsiveness to IL 2 observed in patients with SLE were present at all times regardless of the disease activity or of corticosteroid therapy. Thus, the deficient IL 2 activity may be intrinsic to SLE lymphocytes and may contribute to impaired immunoregulation and to the development of SLE. PMID- 3917276 TI - OKT3 monoclonal antibody induces production of colony-stimulating factor(s) for granulocytes and macrophages in cultures of human T lymphocytes and adherent cells. AB - OKT3 monoclonal antibody (mab) recognizes a membrane antigen associated with the T cell antigen recognition receptor, and is known to be mitogenic and to induce lymphokine production. Our studies demonstrate the ability of OKT3 mab to induce from cultures of human T lymphocytes supplemented with adherent cells the production of colony-stimulating factor(s) for granulocytes and macrophages (GM CSF) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), an inhibitor of clonal growth of hematopoietic progenitor cells. As has been shown for the mitogenic and IFN-gamma inducing activity of OKT3 mab, the induction of GM-CSF release in cultures of T cells is strictly dependent on the presence of adherent cells. However, the concentrations of OKT3 mab required for optimal GM-CSF production (50 ng/ml) were found to be 80-fold higher than those sufficient for maximal IFN-gamma production, proliferation, and interleukin 2 production. IFN-gamma activity induced by OKT3 mab partially inhibited colony and cluster formation from progenitor cells of granulocytes and macrophages in vitro. Therefore, neutralization of the IFN-gamma by monoclonal anti-human-IFN-gamma antibody before assay of conditioned medium in bone marrow cultures significantly enhanced the detection of GM-CSF. Kinetic studies demonstrated maximal cumulative GM-CSF production in response to optimal OKT3 mab concentrations on days 4 through 6 in cultures of T cells supplemented with 15% adherent cells. Highly enriched OKT4+ and OKT8+ T cell subsets co-cultured with adherent cells in the presence of OKT3 mab both produced GM-CSF and IFN-gamma and showed similar dose-response curves to OKT3 mab. The requirement for the presence of adherent cells could not be overcome by the addition of purified interleukin 1 or macrophage supernatants. Studies using irreversible inhibitors of DNA (mitomycin C) or protein biosynthesis (emetine-HCl) revealed the necessity of intact DNA synthesis and translation in mononuclear cells to produce GM-CSF in response to OKT3 mab. Loss of GM-CSF production was observed when either adherent cells or T lymphocytes were treated with emetine before co-culture with untreated cells of the other population in the presence of OKT3 mab. In contrast, mitomycin C reduced GM-CSF production significantly when T cells, but not adherent cells, were pretreated. These results suggest that T lymphocytes and adherent cells closely cooperate in the production of GM-CSF induced by OKT3 mab. PMID- 3917277 TI - MIF-like activity of natural and recombinant human interferon-gamma and their neutralization by monoclonal antibody. AB - By utilizing elutriation-purified human monocytes, we found that human interferon (IFN) inhibits monocyte migration in a manner similar to migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and does it without demonstrable cytotoxicity. We observed that human IFN-gamma is 10 to 300 times more potent in its MIF activity than is IFN alpha and that monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) can be used to distinguish between them. Studies with recombinant IFN-gamma indicate that the migration inhibition seen with natural IFN-gamma is due to IFN-gamma itself and is not due to co purification of another lymphokine with the natural IFN-gamma. Although interferons exhibit MIF activities, there are apparently other cytokines, without antiviral activity, that also have MIF activities. MIF from the lymphoblastoid cell line RPMI 1788 was not neutralized by MoAb to IFN. However, MIF activity in supernatant fluid from human peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures stimulated with Con A-Sepharose was completely neutralized with MoAb anti-IFN-gamma. These data indicate that MIF is really a family of cytokines that inhibit macrophage/monocyte migration and that the major portion of MIF activity associated with crude supernatant of mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes is due to IFN gamma. PMID- 3917278 TI - Effect of wheat germ agglutinin on the interleukin pathway of human T lymphocyte activation. AB - Wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) inhibits proliferation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) induced by mitogens and antigens. We investigated the mechanism by which WGA inhibits PHA-induced human lymphocyte proliferation with regard to the interleukin pathway. Our data revealed that although PBMC proliferation was markedly suppressed by WGA, levels of IL 2 activity in WGA inhibited cultures were not reduced, but instead were increased, suggesting failure to utilize IL 2. Furthermore, the addition of exogenous IL 2 failed to overcome the suppression. Consistent with these observations, culturing PBMC with PHA plus WGA markedly decreased the number of high-affinity IL 2 receptor per cell, as determined by binding of purified [3H]IL 2, relative to cultures containing PHA alone. WGA immobilized on support beads bound detergent solubilized IL 2 receptors from PHA-activated T cells, but did not bind human IL 2. However, WGA did not competitively block the binding of [3H]IL 2 to PHA induced lymphoblasts. These results suggest that WGA inhibits lymphocyte proliferation by binding to and decreasing the number of high-affinity IL 2 receptors displayed on T cells, without impairing IL 2 production. PMID- 3917279 TI - T cell-derived B cell growth factor(s) can induce stimulation of both resting and activated B cells. AB - The effects of a preparation containing partially purified, EL4-derived B cell growth factor(s) (BCGF) on B cell growth and proliferation have been examined by using B lymphocyte subpopulations separated on the basis of size. BCGF was found to maintain and enhance proliferation of a significant proportion of large activated B cells. In contrast, small resting B cells required the presence of BCGF and a second stimulus such as anti-IgM antibody (anti-mu) to be induced to proliferate. This disparity was not due to a lack of an effect of BCGF on small resting B cells. A factor contained within the partially purified EL4 supernatant produced time-dependent increases in cell size and RNA content in all subpopulations. These effects were independent of possible effects due to contaminating lymphokines such as interleukin 2 (IL 2), concanavalin A (Con A), and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). Nonmitogenic doses of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) failed to show similar effects. Our data suggest that B cells at all levels of in vivo activation are responsive to stimulation by a growth factor present in EL4 supernatant, as manifested by cell growth and RNA synthesis. This activity has not previously been described for BCGF preparations. However, because the partially purified, EL4-derived supernatant used as BCGF in these studies has not been purified to homogeneity, we cannot conclude whether the factors that induce resting B cells to increase in size are the same as the growth factors that synergize with anti-mu to induce B cell proliferation or that maintain the proliferation of activated B cells. PMID- 3917280 TI - Lymphokine-mediated induction of cytolytic activity in a T cell hybridoma. AB - Functionally inducible CTL hybridomas were constructed by fusing alloantigen specific T cells (C57BL/6 alpha-DBA/2) with cells from the rat thymoma line W/FU (C58NT)D. A cloned hybridoma line (KSH.4.13.6) that was specifically cytolytic in the presence of activated rat spleen cell supernatant fluid (rat Con A SN) lost activity when transferred to normal medium. However, a cytolytic activity could be reinduced by culturing KSH.4.13.6 cells in medium containing rat Con A SN or secondary mixed leukocyte culture SN. By using various sources of SN, it was found that cytolytic induction required two different factors. PMA-induced EL-4 SN and SN from antigen-activated cloned T cells, neither of which were capable of inducing cytolytic activity alone, were able to synergize in the cytolytic induction of KSH.4.13.6 IFN-gamma and IL 1 failed to induce cytolytic activity even in the presence of EL-4 SN. Furthermore, this hybridoma produced macrophage activating factor (MAF) upon culture in rat Con A SN, although MAF production could not be induced by either specific antigen or lectins. The kinetics of induction and loss of cytolytic activity mediated by rat Con A SN were similar to those of the induction of MAF production. However, EL-4 SN, which by itself was incapable of inducing cytolytic activity, was able to induce MAF production in the KSH.4.13.6 hybrid to an extent similar to that induced by rat Con A SN. These results suggest that the induction of cytolytic activity and of MAF production in this cloned hybridoma cell line are regulated by different mechanisms. Such a functionally inducible T cell hybrid may provide a tool for biochemical and molecular analysis of T cell function and regulation, and of the characterization of cytokines required for CTL differentiation. PMID- 3917281 TI - The murine plasma cell antigen PC-1: purification and partial amino acid sequence. AB - The murine plasma cell alloantigen PC-1 is selectively expressed on B lymphocytes in their terminal phase of differentiation into antibody-secreting cells. Previous work on an analytical scale has shown that PC-1 consists of two apparently identical disulfide-bonded polypeptides, each of Mr 115,000. In this paper, we describe the generation of a monoclonal antibody to PC-1 and its use in the preparative isolation of PC-1 by affinity chromatography. Final purification to apparent homogeneity was achieved by preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. It was estimated that NS-1 myeloma cells possess 1 to 4 X 10(5) PC-1 monomers per cell on their surface. The yield of PC-1 after purification was approximately 10(5) monomers per cell. Purified PC-1 was digested with trypsin, and the resulting peptides were separated by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Purified peptides were sequenced with a gas-phase sequencer. PMID- 3917282 TI - Activation of the human classical complement pathway by a mouse monoclonal hybrid IgG1-2a monovalent anti-TNP antibody bound to TNP-conjugated cells. AB - A mouse hybridoma selected and cloned for anti-TNP specificity produced three distinct monoclonal antibody species that were separated on protein A-Sepharose by stepwise acid elution. The IgG1 kappa product of the parental myeloma was eluted at pH 6.0. An IgG2a kappa bivalent anti-TNP antibody was eluted at pH 4.5, whereas elution at pH 5.0 yielded a hybrid IgG1-2a kappa monovalent anti-TNP antibody. The IgG2a molecules agglutinated TNP-conjugated sheep erythrocytes (TNP ES) and lysed TNP-ES in the presence of normal human serum (NHS). Hybrid IgG1-2a antibody was also capable of lysing the cells in NHS, although it did not agglutinate TNP-ES. A threshold in monovalent antibody input was necessary for the lysis of TNP-ES, indicating a requirement for a minimal density of bound monovalent IgG to trigger complement activation. Lysis occurred in NHS-VBS++ but not in NHS-MgEGTA, and it was associated with a dose-dependent consumption of C1, C4, and C2 hemolytic activities. Quantitation of the antibody bound to TNP-ES when using radiolabeled rabbit anti-mouse Fab antibody demonstrated that for similar inputs, 5.4 times as much bivalent as monovalent antibody bound to TNP ES. When similar amounts of antibody were effectively bound to TNP-ES, monovalent hybrid IgG1-2a was five times less efficient than bivalent IgG2a to yield 50% cell lysis in the presence of NHS. These results indicate that neither bivalent binding nor the presence of two identical heavy chains are necessary requirements for antibody-dependent activation of the classical complement pathway. PMID- 3917284 TI - Localization of the human MHC-linked complement genes between HLA-B and HLA-DR by using HLA mutant cell lines. AB - A C4 cDNA clone has been used to localize the C4 genes within the human major histocompatibility complex (MHC). The clone, pC4AL1, detects a DNA polymorphism of the C4 genes in Southern blot hybridization experiments and established the genotype of a lymphoblastoid cell line, LCL 721, as heterozygous for the C4 DNA patterns. Subclones of LCL 721 that had gamma-ray-induced lesions of the MHC were analyzed with pC4AL1. Loss or retention of chromosome-specific C4 DNA patterns relative to the loss or retention of other MHC genes on the same chromosome was assessed. This permitted the mapping of the C4 genes, and the other MHC-linked complement genes, between the HLA-DR and HLA-B loci. PMID- 3917283 TI - Arachidonic acid metabolism by murine peritoneal macrophages infected with Leishmania donovani: in vitro evidence for parasite-induced alterations in cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways. AB - Leishmania donovani is an obligate intracellular protozoan that resides within mononuclear phagocytes of infected mammals. Affected human and rodent hosts commonly show abnormalities of T cell function, which may be related to altered macrophage physiology resulting from intracellular parasitism. To examine this possibility, we studied the metabolism of endogenous arachidonyl-phospholipids and [3H]-arachidonyl-phospholipids by murine peritoneal exudate macrophages infected with amastigotes of L. donovani. Our results indicated that infected cells synthesized increased amounts of both cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase metabolites of arachidonic acid. Increased synthesis of immunoreactive prostaglandin (PG)E2 was evident as early as 1 to 4 hr after infection, was correlated with the fraction of cells infected, and was inhibited by sodium meclofenamate (0.2 and 20 microM) but not nordihydroguaiaretic acid (3 microM). As determined by thin-layer chromatography, infected cells also produced markedly increased amounts of prostaglandin F2 alpha (also inhibited by sodium meclofenamate) with insignificant increases in thromboxane B2 and the stable metabolite of prostacyclin, 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha. In contrast, stimulation of cells with opsonized zymosan resulted in significantly increased synthesis of all four eicosanoids. L. donovani infection was also found to induce marked increases in synthesis of lipoxygenase metabolites of arachidonic acid by infected cells. This was evidenced by increased amounts of [3H]-labeled material in cell extracts that co-migrated with authentic standards of 5 and 12/15-hydroxy-eicosate-traenoic acids in thin-layer chromatograms. Increased synthesis of these products was largely inhibited by both NDGA (3 microM) and sodium meclofenamate (20 and 0.2 microM). Additional evidence for augmentation of 5-lipoxygenase by Leishmania was provided by the demonstration of increased leukotriene-C4 in conditioned medium from infected cells. These results indicate that macrophages infected with L. donovani produce increased amounts of arachidonic acid metabolites with the potential for influencing cellular immune function and the inflammatory response to infection. PMID- 3917285 TI - Induction of IA antigens in murine renal transplants. PMID- 3917286 TI - Development and distribution of B lineage cells in the domestic cat: analysis with monoclonal antibodies to cat mu-, gamma-, kappa-, and lambda-chains and heterologous anti-alpha antibodies. AB - To trace the development and distribution of B lineage cells in the domestic cat (Felis catus), we have produced monoclonal antibodies against mu-, gamma-, kappa , and lambda-chains of feline immunoglobulins (Ig). Goat antibodies against human mu-, alpha-, and lambda-chains, which are reactive with shared determinants on their feline counterparts, were used in conjunction with the panel of mouse monoclonal antibodies. Cytoplasmic mu+ pre-B cells and surface IgM+ B lymphocytes were observed in 42 day fetal liver in which pre-B cells were more abundant than IgM+ B cells. Pre-B cells also were found in bone marrow in young cats, and continued to be generated in the marrow throughout life. In the spleen, adult levels of B cells were attained by 12 wk of age, at which time the frequencies of surface IgM+, IgG+, and lambda+ cells were 49, 3, and 40%, respectively. The distributions of Ig isotypes also were determined among plasma cells as a function of age and tissue localization. IgM plasma cells were predominant in the bone marrow of 1-wk-old cats, whereas IgG plasma cells were the prevalent isotype in adult bone marrow. In the mesenteric lymph nodes of adult animals, the frequency distributions of IgM, IgG, and IgA plasma cells were similar to the frequency distributions of IgM, IgG, and IgA isotypes among bone marrow plasma cells. IgA+ plasma cells predominated in the intestinal lamina propria, in which IgG+ and IgM+ plasma cells were relatively infrequent. In the tissues of both young and adult animals, the ratio of lambda:kappa expression was approximately 3:1. We conclude that the pattern of B cell development in the cat resembles that found in other mammals, except that the kappa to lambda ratio is reversed. PMID- 3917287 TI - Simultaneous determination of 5-hydroxytryptophan and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine in rat brain by HPLC with electrochemical detection following electrical stimulation of the dorsal raphe nucleus. AB - HPLC coupled with electrochemical detection was used to make concurrent measurements of the rate of accumulation of 5-hydroxytryptophan and 3,4 dihydroxyphenylalanine in selected brain regions (striatum, nucleus accumbens, septum, medial periventricular hypothalamus) and thoracic spinal cords of rats treated with NSD 1015, an inhibitor of aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase. 5 Hydroxytryptophan and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine accumulated in all brain regions 30 min after the intravenous infusion of various doses of NSD 1015; there were no significant differences in the responses to 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg. After the intravenous administration of 25 mg/kg NSD 1015 the concentrations of 5 hydroxytryptophan and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine increased linearly with time in all brain regions for at least 30 min. Electrical stimulation of 5 hydroxytryptamine neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus for 30 min at 5 or 10 Hz increased 5-hydroxytryptophan accumulation in all brain regions but not in the spinal cord. Unexpectedly, this stimulation also increased the accumulation of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine in the hypothalamus and spinal cord. These results suggest that 5-hydroxytryptophan accumulation following the administration of NSD 1015 is a valid index of 5-hydroxytryptamine neuronal activity in the brain. PMID- 3917289 TI - Radioactive N,N-dimethylphenylethylamine: a selective radiotracer for in vivo measurement of monoamine oxidase-B activity in the brain. AB - N-[methyl-14C]N,N-dimethylphenylethylamine (DMPEA) was synthesized and its availability as a selective radiotracer for in vivo measurement of mouse brain monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity was examined. Relatively high incorporation of labelled DMPEA into brain (about 10% of the injected dose/per gram of brain) was observed just after its injection; however, radioactive dimethylamine, a metabolite produced from labelled DMPEA in the brain 1 h after DMPEA injection, was reduced in a dose-dependent manner by pretreatment with various doses of a specific MAO-B inhibitor, 1-deprenyl, but was not reduced appreciably by pretreatment with a specific MAO-A inhibitor, clorgyline. Pretreatment with 1 deprenyl did not affect significantly the rate of incorporation of the radiotracer DMPEA into the brain, suggesting that reduction of the radioactivity in brain by this compound might be due to a decrease in the rate of production of the radioactive metabolite dimethylamine by brain MAO-B. The amount of the radioactive metabolite trapped in the brain was found to be proportional to the brain MAO-B activity remaining after pretreatment with 1-deprenyl. In vitro deamination of DMPEA by mouse brain MAO showed a higher sensitivity to inhibition by 1-deprenyl than that by clorgyline. These results indicate that DMPEA is a selective substrate for mouse brain MAO-B both in vivo and in vitro and that the positron emitter [11C]DMPEA might be used instead of [14C]DMPEA as a radiotracer for in vivo measurement of MAO-B activity in human brain. PMID- 3917288 TI - Hydrolysis of endogenous phospholipids by rat brain microsomes. AB - Phosphatidylcholine of rat brain microsomes was labeled in vivo by intracerebral injection of either [3H]oleic acid or [methyl-3H]choline chloride. These labeled microsomes served both as the enzyme source as well as a source of endogenously labeled substrate. Phospholipase D (PLD) activity was detected with these particles only in the presence of exogenous oleate, its activator. Ca2+ and the ionophore A 23187 inhibit PLD activity of oleate-labeled microsomes. In oleate labeled particles, besides phosphatidic acid the product of PLD action radioactivity was also detected in diglyceride as a result of resident phosphatidate phosphohydrolase, which hydrolyzed the phosphatidic acid. The phosphatidate phosphohydrolase could not be completely inhibited by KF and propranolol. The release of endogenous fatty acids from labeled phospholipid by a mellitin-stimulated phospholipase A2 also present in these particulates produced minimal stimulation of endogenous PLD. Phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) are hydrolyzed by 50% in the presence of mellitin and 90% of the radioactivity was found in the lyso-compounds. Mellitin and oleate together reduced the radioactivity found in lyso-PC and increased that in lyso PE. PMID- 3917290 TI - The subcellular distribution of peptide histidine isoleucine amide-27-like peptides in rat brain and their release from rat cerebral cortical slices in vitro. AB - The subcellular distribution of peptide histidine isoleucine amide (PHI)-27-like peptides (PLP) was investigated in rat cerebral cortex and whole rat brain in comparison with the distribution of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). The highest content of PLP was found in the crude mitochondrial fraction (P2) and was also detected in the microsomal pellet. PLP was recovered in synaptosomes when further fractionation of P2 was performed. This distribution of PLP closely follows that of VIP and is suggestive of possible storage in vesicles at the nerve terminal. Basal release of PLP from rat cerebral cortical slices was below the detection limit of the PHI radioimmunoassay. However, depolarization by 55 mM potassium induced measurable PLP release. This release was calcium-dependent. These findings support the hypothesis that PLP could play a role in neurotransmission. PMID- 3917291 TI - Arachidonic acid release and catecholamine secretion from digitonin-treated chromaffin cells: effects of micromolar calcium, phorbol ester, and protein alkylating agents. AB - The relationship between catecholamine secretion and arachidonic acid release from digitonin-treated chromaffin cells was investigated. Digitonin renders permeable the plasma membranes of bovine adrenal chromaffin cells to Ca2+, ATP, and proteins. Digitonin-treated cells undergo exocytosis of catecholamine in response to micromolar Ca2+ in the medium. The addition of micromolar Ca2+ to digitonin-treated chromaffin cells that had been prelabeled with [3H]arachidonic acid caused a marked increase in the release of [3H]arachidonic acid. The time course of [3H]arachidonic acid release paralleled catecholamine secretion. Although [3H]arachidonic acid release and exocytosis were both activated by free Ca2+ in the micromolar range, the activation of [3H]arachidonic acid release occurred at Ca2+ concentrations slightly lower than those required to activate exocytosis. Pretreatment of the chromaffin cells with N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) or p bromophenacyl bromide (BPB) resulted in dose-dependent inhibition of 10 microM Ca2+-stimulated [3H]arachidonic acid release and exocytosis. The IC50 of NEM for both [3H]arachidonic acid release and exocytosis was 40 microM. The IC50 of BPB for both events was 25 microM. High concentrations (5-20 mM) of Mg2+ caused inhibition of catecholamine secretion without altering [3H]arachidonic acid release. A phorbol ester that activates protein kinase C, 12-O tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), caused enhancement of both [3H]arachidonic acid release and exocytosis. The findings demonstrate that [3H]arachidonic acid release is stimulated during catecholamine secretion from digitonin-treated chromaffin cells and they are consistent with a role for phospholipase A2 in exocytosis from chromaffin cells. Furthermore the data suggest that protein kinase C can modulate both arachidonic acid release and exocytosis. PMID- 3917292 TI - beta-Glucosidase and beta-galactosidase in primary cultures of rat astrocytes: comparison to the brain enzymes. AB - In primary astrocyte cultures beta-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21) and beta galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23) showed pH optima and Km values identical to rat brain enzymes, using methylumbelliferyl glycosides and labeled gluco- and galactocerebrosides as substrates. The activities of both glycosidases increased in culture up to 3-4 weeks. In rat brain only galactosidase increased; glucosidase activity declined between 12-20 days after birth. The specific activities were two- to sixfold higher in astrocyte cultures than in rat brain. These activities were not due to uptake of enzymes from the growth medium. Secretion of beta-galactosidase, but not beta-glucosidase nor acid phosphatase could be demonstrated. These results support the suggestion of a degradative function for astrocytes in the brain. PMID- 3917293 TI - 5-Hydroxytryptamine innervation of vessels in the rat cerebral cortex. Immunohistochemical findings and hydrogen clearance study of rCBF. AB - The role of the central 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) neuron system in cerebral microcirculation of the rat was examined by immunohistochemical and hydrogen clearance methods. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated 5-HT-immunoreactive nerve fibers along intraparenchymal blood vessels (arterioles, capillaries, and venules). Ultrastructural observation revealed that 5-HT-immunoreactive terminal boutons (0.3 to 1.0 micron in diameter) made contact with the basement membrane of the capillaries. After an intracerebral injection of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT), a neurotoxin to the 5-HT neuron system, no 5-HT-immunoreactive nerve fibers were found around the injection site with immunohistochemical techniques. With the hydrogen clearance method, the 5,7-DHT-injected cortex showed no significant change in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in the presence of normocapnia, but a significant increase in rCBF with hypercapnia, compared with the untreated cortex. These facts strongly suggest that the central 5-HT neuron system has an important role in carbon dioxide reactivity of the cerebral blood vessels. PMID- 3917294 TI - Cerebrovascular reactivity in patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms. AB - The cerebral vasomotor reactivity to arterial hypotension and hypocapnia was studied in 34 patients between the 3rd and 13th day after rupture of an intracranial saccular aneurysm. Using the intra-arterial xenon-133 injection method, regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) were measured. The intraventricular pressure and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lactate and pH levels were determined. The degree of vasospasm was measured on angiograms taken immediately following the rCBF study. The patients were graded clinically according to the system of Hunt and Hess. Cerebral autoregulation was intact in patients in good clinical condition, but was impaired in patients in poor clinical condition. There was a close correlation between the degree of vasospasm and the degree of autoregulatory impairment, which varied from focal disturbances to global impairment. Intracranial hypertension and CSF lactic acidosis were commonly found in association with vasoparalysis. Cerebrovascular response to hyperventilation was generally preserved, although often reduced. During hyperventilation, the cerebral perfusion pressure became elevated, and increases in CMRO2 were often found, even in patients with severe diffuse spasm and cerebral ischemia. The clinical significance of the results in relation to the treatment of delayed cerebral ischemia and to the use of intraoperative induced hypotension is discussed. PMID- 3917295 TI - Salvage surgery following radical radiotherapy for adenocarcinoma of the prostate. AB - The development and proliferation of modern radiotherapy techniques, and their application in the 1970s to the treatment of localized adenocarcinoma of the prostate have led to substantial improvement in therapy of this disease. However, treatment failures occur. Among these patients is a small subset who have local recurrence of disease confirmed by biopsy without evidence of metastatic disease, and who still are relatively young and healthy. We report on 7 patients who satisfy these criteria. All 7 patients underwent a salvage operation with removal of the prostate gland following attempted curative radiotherapy: 3 underwent cystoprostatectomy and urinary diversion, and 4 underwent radical prostatectomy. Operating times averaged 4.9 hours and average blood transfusion was 5.3 units. Postoperative hospital stay averaged 13 days. Significant morbidity included 2 patients with rectal lacerations (1 of whom suffered a rectourethroperineal fistula that closed spontaneously), 2 with temporary urinary incontinence, and 1 with idiopathic thrombocytopenia and pseudomembranous colitis. As illustrated by these patients salvage surgery is difficult and there is substantial morbidity. However, this treatment option with its potential for cure can be offered to patients as a reasonable and rational approach to the problem. PMID- 3917297 TI - Myxoid fibroepithelial polyp in caliceal diverticulum. AB - A 58-year-old woman was found to have a myxoid fibroepithelial polyp in a pyelocaliceal diverticulum. This is the first report of such a lesion. PMID- 3917296 TI - Kidney stone removal: percutaneous versus surgical lithotomy. AB - Percutaneous removal of most urinary tract calculi may be performed as a 1-stage effort with techniques and skills developed recently in the specialties of urology and radiology. Ultrasonic fragmentation of most calculi was done to permit their extraction. Percutaneous ultrasonic lithotripsy was performed on 250 consecutive (a single exception) patients bearing stones that required removal. Targeted calculi were removed successfully from 97 per cent of these patients. One patient required surgical lithotomy. The previous 100 patients with stones underwent surgical lithotomy with 96 per cent success. Complications of percutaneous ultrasonic lithotripsy appeared equitable with those of surgical lithotomy. Of the patients who underwent percutaneous ultrasonic lithotripsy 6 (6 per cent) required extended hospital days or additional procedures for management of complications. None of these patients required a surgical incision. Anesthesia times were similar for both groups--average 159 plus or minus 4 (standard error) minutes for percutaneous ultrasonic lithotripsy and 193 plus or minus 8 minutes for surgical lithotomy. Hospital recovery days averaged 5.5 plus or minus 0.3 for percutaneous ultrasonic lithotripsy and 8.4 plus or minus 0.5 for surgical lithotomy (p less than 0.01). Associated costs averaged $7,203 plus or minus 55 for lithotripsy and $8,849 plus or minus 660 for lithotomy (p less than 0.01). The number of narcotic administrations per patient (days 1 to 5 postoperatively) averaged 9.88 plus or minus 0.70 for lithotripsy and 16.82 plus or minus 0.78 for lithotomy (p less than 0.01). The average patient who underwent percutaneous ultrasonic lithotripsy felt capable of full activity 2.0 plus or minus 0.2 weeks following stone removal, whereas no patient who underwent previous surgical lithotomy recalls a recovery period of less than 3 weeks (p less than 0.01). We believe that most upper urinary tract calculi may be removed cost-effectively with a percutaneous approach. Compared to surgical lithotomy, percutaneous ultrasonic lithotripsy may result in rapid convalescence with diminished pain. PMID- 3917298 TI - Percutaneous management of a pyelocaliceal diverticular abscess. AB - A renal abscess secondary to obstruction and infection of a pyelocaliceal diverticulum was managed successfully percutaneously. The diverticulum spontaneously re-established communication with the renal collecting system. No surgery was required and the patient was well 2 years later. PMID- 3917300 TI - Rh immunization caused by osseous allograft. PMID- 3917299 TI - Acceleration of growth in two children treated with human growth hormone releasing factor. AB - Two growth hormone-deficient children were treated with growth hormone-releasing factor for six months. The pattern of administration--1 to 3 micrograms per kilogram of body weight, given subcutaneously over one minute every three hours by infusion pump--was chosen to simulate growth hormone secretion in normal children. During the first week of therapy, both children had evidence of the metabolic effects of increased growth hormone secretion--i.e., nitrogen retention, demonstrated by decreased nitrogen excretion (P less than 0.05), and increased urinary calcium excretion (P less than 0.01). Growth hormone secretion was increased after pulses of growth hormone-releasing factor during the entire six-month period, and growth was accelerated. One child grew at a rate of 7.1 cm per year, as compared with 4.6 cm per year before therapy; the other grew at a rate of 13.7 cm per year, as compared with 2.1 cm per year before therapy, and had increased serum levels of somatomedin C. Growth hormone--releasing factor can restore growth hormone secretion and its biologic effects, including an increase in nitrogen retention, an increase in serum somatomedin C, and acceleration of linear growth in children with growth hormone deficiency. It is premature to speculate how useful this agent will prove to be in the treatment of children with growth hormone deficiency. PMID- 3917301 TI - Puberty without gonadotropins. A unique mechanism of sexual development. AB - Recent evidence suggests that a group of children exists in whom premature sexual maturation occurs in the absence of pubertal levels of gonadotropins; that is, they have gonadotropin-independent precocious puberty. We compared six boys and one girl with this disorder with four boys and five girls with central precocious puberty, in which there is a pubertal pattern of gonadotropin release. The two groups were similar in age of onset, degree of sexual development, growth velocity, and rate of skeletal maturation. A family history of precocity was noted in four of the boys with gonadotropin-independent precocity, and the girl had McCune-Albright syndrome. Children with central precocious puberty demonstrated a pulsatile release of gonadotropins, pubertal responses to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone, and complete suppression of gonadarche after exposure to an analogue of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRHa). In contrast, children with gonadotropin-independent precocity demonstrated an absence of gonadotropin pulsations, variable responses to luteinizing hormone releasing hormone, lack of suppression of puberty in response to LHRHa, and cyclic steroidogenesis. Tissue from testicular biopsies performed in five of six boys with gonadotropin-independent precocity showed a range from incipient pubertal development of the tubules with proliferation of Leydig cells to the appearance of normal adult testes. We conclude that gonadotropin-independent precocious puberty is a distinct syndrome, of unknown cause, that may be familial and may have been responsible for many previously reported cases of precocious puberty. PMID- 3917302 TI - Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease prion proteins in human brains. AB - Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease is caused by a slow infectious pathogen, or prion. We found that purified fractions from the brains of two patients with Creutzfeldt Jakob disease contained protease-resistant proteins ranging in apparent molecular weight from 10,000 to 50,000. These proteins reacted with antibodies raised against the scrapie prion protein PrP 27-30. Rod-shaped particles were found in the brain tissue of the patients that were similar to those isolated from rodents with either scrapie or experimental Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. After being stained with Congo red dye, the protein polymers from patients with Creutzfeldt Jakob disease exhibited green birefringence when examined under polarized light. Our findings suggest that the amyloid plaques found in the brains of patients with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease may be composed of paracrystalline arrays of prions similar to those in prion diseases in laboratory animals. PMID- 3917303 TI - Jejunal intubation via gastrostomy catheters in pediatric patients. AB - We describe a technique wherein an endotracheal tube is used as a sheath for a feeding tube, which has been placed through the wall of a gastrostomy catheter, to allow selective intubation of the duodenum. PMID- 3917304 TI - Prospective randomized controlled study of prophylaxis with cefamandole in high risk patients undergoing operations upon the biliary tract. AB - In this study, 52 high risk patients who underwent operations upon the biliary tract were assigned to receive either antibiotic prophylaxis or no treatment with antibiotics. Twenty-seven patients were given 2 grams of cefamandole intramuscularly 30 minutes before operation and 2 grams every eight hours for two days postoperatively. The remaining patients were in the control group and did not receive antibiotics. Surgical wounds were inspected daily by a surgeon while the patients were in the hospital and a follow-up revision was done four weeks after discharge from the hospital. Samples of exudate or pus were taken when the wound appeared infected and cultures of aerobic and anaerobic organism done. Chi square affinity test with Yate's correction was used for statistical results; only p values more than or equal to 0.5 were considered significant. Seven patients (28 per cent) in the control group had complications develop postoperatively; seven surgical wound infections, one of which included a subphrenic abscess. Postoperatively, there were no septic complications in the group who received cefamandole as a prophylaxis. The incidence of infection was higher for females than males. The organisms most frequently isolated were Escherichia coli and Klebsiella; only in one instance was Clostridum sporogenes found. Polymicrobial infections accounted for 42.8 per cent of the infections. No incidences were reported with the use of cefamandole in those patients who were treated prophylactically. In view of these results, we believe that cefamandole is an ideal antibiotic to be used in the prophylactic treatment of infections of high risk patients who undergo operations upon the biliary tract. PMID- 3917305 TI - A technique for long term continent gastrostomy. AB - The use of the continent gastrostomy described herein offers several advantages: 1, the elimination of an indwelling catheter; 2, prevention of soiling at skin level; 3, long term access to the normal gastrointestinal track for alimentation without fear of tube erosion; 4, little compromise to gastric volume, and 5, ease of stoma care. We recommend this operation in instances when long term tube feedings are indicated either because of damage to the central nervous system or as a palliative treatment for patients with higher obstructing gastrointestinal malignant disease. The procedure may also be useful for patients in whom esophagogastric continuity has been interrupted (surgically or traumatically) and in whom reconstruction of the gastrointestinal tract would not seem feasible within a three to six month interval. PMID- 3917306 TI - A simple technique for enteral feedings in patients on ventilators. AB - The pediatric Cantor tube is a simple and safe method to provide enteral nutrition in patients requiring ventilatory support. The tube does not become dislodged when patients gag or cough while undergoing suctioning. PMID- 3917308 TI - Serine metabolism, psychosis, and coeliac disease. PMID- 3917307 TI - Exposure to glyceryl trinitrate during gun powder production: plasma glyceryl trinitrate concentration, elimination kinetics, and discomfort among production workers. AB - Plasma glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) concentration was studied in 12 volunteers producing gun powder. Serial blood samples were obtained from the cubital vein before and during work at two sites of production; high concentrations of GTN were detected in the plasma. Control specimens from a femoral vein contained much less GTN, indicating that blood in the cubital vein was enriched by dermally absorbed GTN. In the roll mill area concentrations of GTN in the cubital vein were higher than in the press area, but individual factors were also important since some workers consistently had higher concentration of GTN than others. Differences in absorption were more important than differences in the metabolism of GTN since only a small variation in disappearance rate was found after a sublingual test dose of GTN. Moderate changes in pulse rate and blood pressure were noted during the day. The major discomfort experienced was a headache that increased during working hours, but this was not significantly related to GTN concentrations in the air or in the blood from the cubital vein. The observations imply that major efforts should be made to reduce dermal contact with GTN during production work. PMID- 3917309 TI - Studies on the role of brain cholinergic systems in the therapeutic mechanisms and adverse effects of ECT and lithium. AB - Brain cholinergic systems are thought to play an important role in memory function and mood regulation. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and lithium (Li) have substantial therapeutic effects on abnormal mood and may adversely affect cognitive processes. The effects of chronic electroconvulsive shock (ECS) and Li administration on brain muscarinic cholinergic receptors (MCR), and on functional correlates of altered brain cholinergic activity, were therefore studied. ECS reduced MCR number in the cerebral cortex and diminished cataleptic responses to the muscarinic agonist, pilocarpine. MCR down-regulation may have therapeutic implications in depression which has been putatively linked to central cholinergic supersensitivity. Alternatively, ECS effects on brain cholinergic function may be involved in the pathogenesis of ECT-induced memory deficits. Both ECS-induced MCR subsensitivity and a clinically equivalent model of ECT-induced anterograde amnesia were not demonstrable after a single ECS, were cumulatively induced by repeated treatments, and may be reversible by administration concurrently with ECS of a muscarinic antagonist. Li increased MCR binding marginally in the cortex and hippocampus and significantly in the corpus striatum. Li substantially enhanced cataleptic and hypothermic responses to pilocarpine. Combined Li-scopolamine pretreatment had an additive effect on these cholinergically mediated responses. Effects of Li and scopolamine on MCR binding were not additive, a finding supporting the conclusion that Li enhances brain cholinergic function by its presynaptic effects on acetylcholine turnover and release. Possible implications for the therapeutic mechanisms and adverse effects of Li are considered. PMID- 3917310 TI - Metabolism of an ingested serine load in psychotic and nonpsychotic subjects. AB - Our previous studies have shown that in psychotics, the plasma serine level is abnormally high and that plasma serine hydroxymethyltransferase (which cleaves serine to glycine) activity is abnormally low as compared with that in nonpsychotic subjects. In this study, psychotic and nonpsychotic subjects ingested a large bolus of L-serine (4 mM/kg) at breakfast and blood was drawn before breakfast, 2 hr, 4 hr, and 6 hr after serine ingestion. Baseline serine and SHMT activity differentiated between psychotics and nonpsychotics with high degrees of significance (p less than 0.0001) and p less than 0.01, respectively). Plasma serine levels 2 hr after serine ingestion were significantly higher (p less than 0.01) in nonpsychotics as compared with psychotics. Elimination of serine in psychotics was bimodal and was significantly different from that of nonpsychotics (p less than 0.0079, Moses test). These findings provide additional evidence for abnormal serine metabolism in psychotic patients. PMID- 3917312 TI - Poor response to danazol in hemophilia. AB - We gave danazol (600 mg/day orally for 14 days) to eight adults with mild or moderate hemophilia A, one with severe hemophilia A, and one with moderate hemophilia B. In the patient with severe hemophilia A, the levels of factor VIII two to four days after an infusion of factor VIII concentrate were higher than expected, suggesting a prolonged half-life. In one patient with mild hemophilia A, a questionable slight increase in factor VIII was noted at the end of the study. No change was seen in factor levels of other subjects. Therapy was terminated early, at eight days, in a patient who developed severe muscle cramps, and at ten days in a patient with a severe rash. Another patient developed hepatic dysfunction three days after completing the 14-day trial. In this trial, the side effects of danazol outweighed its meager and questionable benefits. PMID- 3917311 TI - Human acute leukemia cell line with the t(4;11) chromosomal rearrangement exhibits B lineage and monocytic characteristics. AB - A cell line, designated RS4;11, was established from the bone marrow of a patient in relapse with an acute leukemia that was characterized by the t(4;11) chromosomal abnormality. The cell line and the patient's fresh leukemic cells both had the t(4;11)(q21;q23) and an isochromosome for the long arm of No. 7. Morphologically, all cells were lymphoid in appearance. Ultrastructurally and cytochemically, approximately 30% of the cells possessed myeloid features. The cells were strongly positive for terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase. They were HLA-DR positive and expressed surface antigens characteristic for B lineage cells, including those detected by anti-B4, BA-1, BA-2, and PI153/3. Immunoglobulin gene analysis revealed rearrangements of the heavy chain and kappa chain genes. The cells lacked the common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen and antigenic markers characteristic of T lineage cells. The cells reacted with the myeloid antibody 1G10 but not with other myeloid monoclonal antibodies. Treatment with 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate induced a monocyte-like phenotype demonstrated by cytochemical, functional, immunologic, and electron microscopic studies. The expression of markers of both early lymphoid and early myeloid cells represents an unusual phenotype and suggests that RS4;11 represents a cell with dual lineage capabilities. To our knowledge, RS4;11 is the first cell line established from t(4;11)-associated acute leukemia. PMID- 3917313 TI - The effect of interleukin 3 and GM-CSA-2 on megakaryocyte and myeloid clonal colony formation. AB - Two separate helper T cell-derived lymphokines, interleukin 3 and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating activity-2, were found to stimulate a broad and similar range of hemopoietic colonies in in vitro soft agar cultures including granulocyte, macrophage, granulocyte-macrophage, megakaryocyte, and mixed megakaryocyte colonies. Both lymphokines were potent stimulators of in vitro megakaryocyte colony formation. At plateau levels of IL-3, megakaryocyte colony formation was increased by biologic activity in pokeweed mitogen spleen conditioned media. PMID- 3917314 TI - Von Willebrand factor in the vessel wall mediates platelet adherence. AB - A monoclonal antibody directed against the von Willebrand factor moiety (vWF) of factor VIII-von Willebrand factor (FVIII-vWF), which blocks ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation as well as the binding of FVIII-vWF to platelets in the presence of ristocetin, inhibited platelet adherence to human artery subendothelium when present in normal flowing blood. This monoclonal antibody, CLB-RAg 35, inhibited platelet adherence as a function of the shear rate. At wall shear rates below 500 s-1, platelet adherence was not affected, but at higher shear rates platelet adherence was gradually inhibited, reaching an average of 11% of the normal value at 2,500 s-1. Indirect immunofluorescence established the reactivity of CLB-RAg 35 with vWF present in artery subendothelium. Pretreatment of normal vessel walls with this antibody inhibited adherence of platelets in blood from a patient with severe homozygous von Willebrand's disease and in blood from normal individuals. The inhibition was shear-rate dependent and significant at high shear rates (2,500 s-1). By adding increasing amounts of purified FVIII vWF to normal blood, the inhibition was gradually overcome. These data indicate that vWF present in the vessel wall contributes appreciably to platelet adherence. At high wall shear rates, platelet adherence is mediated virtually completely by both plasma FVIII-vWF and vWF in the vessel wall. At low wall shear rates (below 500 s-1), platelet adherence occurs independent of FVIII-vWF in plasma and vWF in the vessel wall. PMID- 3917315 TI - Thyroxine, methimazole, and thyroid microsomal autoantibody titres in hypothyroid Hashimoto's thyroiditis. AB - Ten hypothyroid patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis were treated with methimazole 30 mg in addition to thyroxine 0.15 mg daily. Another 10 hypothyroid patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis were given thyroxine 0.15 mg alone. After 22 weeks of treatment significant decreases in thyroid microsomal autoantibody titres were observed in both groups (p less than 0.01). There was no difference in the mean change in titre between the two groups. When the patients treated with methimazole were subsequently given thyroxine 0.15 mg alone for a further 22 weeks no additional change in titre was observed. The data suggest that thyroxine, by normalising serum thyroid stimulating hormone concentrations, may reduce the autoantigenic properties of the thyrocytes with a subsequent decrease in autoantibody titres. PMID- 3917316 TI - Natural progesterone and antihypertensive action. AB - In a placebo controlled, double blind crossover study natural progesterone was given by mouth, in increasing doses, to six men and four postmenopausal women with mild to moderate hypertension who were not receiving any other antihypertensive drugs. When compared with values recorded before treatment and during administration of placebo progesterone caused a significant reduction in blood pressure, suggesting that progesterone has an antihypertensive action rather than a hypertensive one as has been previously thought. This possible protective effect of progesterone should be investigated further. PMID- 3917317 TI - Impaired antipneumococcal antibody production in patients without spleens. AB - Fifteen splenectomised and 15 normal subjects were studied, in absence of any intentional immunisation, for pokeweed mitogen induced synthesis of antipneumococcal capsular polysaccharide antibodies in vitro by peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Results showed that removal of the spleen had caused a persistent immune deficiency of circulating B cells capable of synthesising IgM antipneumococcal capsular polysaccharide. In vitro synthesis of polyclonal IgM and IgG by peripheral blood mononuclear cells of subjects without spleens was also depressed. These defects were due to an abnormality of the B cell compartment. These data are evidence of the major role of the spleen in the control and production of a consistent part of pokeweed mitogen responsive circulating B cells and add another facet to the complex immune dysfunction of splenectomised subjects. The findings, moreover, may help in understanding the susceptibility of splenectomised people to pneumococcal sepsis and the delayed and impaired antibody response to pneumococcal vaccine. PMID- 3917318 TI - Overview of randomised trials of diuretics in pregnancy. AB - Over the past 20 years at least 11 randomised trials of the prevention with diuretics of pre-eclampsia and its sequelae have been undertaken. Nine of these were reviewed. Reliable data from the remaining two were not available. The nine reviewed had investigated a total of nearly 7000 people. Significant evidence of prevention of "pre-eclampsia" was overwhelming, even when oedema was not included as a diagnostic criterion. But as the definitions of pre-eclampsia that had been used depended heavily on increases in blood pressure this evidence may simply have reflected the well known ability of diuretics to reduce blood pressure. When the data on perinatal death were reviewed a little difference was seen in postnatal survival. The incidence of stillbirths was reduced by about one third with treatment, but, perhaps owing to small numbers (only 37 stillbirths), the difference was not significant. Thus these randomised trials failed to provide reliable evidence of either the presence or the absence of any worthwhile effects of treatment with diuretics on perinatal mortality. The implications of this for current and future trials of beta blockers and other agents in the prevention of pre-eclampsia and its sequelae are that extremely large, ultra simple randomised trials are needed, of a size sufficient to permit direct assessment of the effects of treatment not on pre-eclampsia but on perinatal mortality itself. This may require the study of tens of thousands of pregnancies. PMID- 3917319 TI - Some rare medical complications of pregnancy. PMID- 3917320 TI - Clinical importance of enteric communication with abdominal abscesses. AB - The dynamics of leucocytes in abdominal abscesses were studied using indium-111 autologous leucocyte scanning in 30 patients. Thirteen patients showing enteric drainage of leucocytes on delayed scans were characterised by a lack of abdominal localising signs and a low detection rate by ultrasound (25%). By contrast, 16 of 17 patients without enteric drainage had abdominal signs, and in these patients ultrasound was associated with a higher detection rate (58%). Despite the presence of an enteric route of drainage for the abscess 10 of the 13 patients needed surgical intervention. These results help explain the wide variation in clinical presentation of abdominal abscesses; suggest that 111In leucocyte scanning should be the initial investigation in those patients without focal signs; and show that formal surgical drainage is needed in patients recognised as having enteric communication with abscesses. PMID- 3917321 TI - Premature loss of bone in chronic anorexia nervosa. PMID- 3917322 TI - Suspected myocardial infarction: early diagnostic value of analgesic requirements. PMID- 3917323 TI - Audit of control of heparin treatment. PMID- 3917324 TI - Is communication improving between general practitioners and psychiatrists? AB - General practitioners and psychiatrists communicate mainly by letter. To ascertain the most important items of information that should be included in these letters ("key items") questionnaires were sent to 80 general practitioners and 80 psychiatrists. A total of 120 referral letters sent to psychiatric clinics in 1973 and 1983 were studied, together with the psychiatrists' replies, and these were rated for the inclusion of "key items." General practitioners' letters contain less information about the family but more about psychiatric history than they did a decade ago. Overall, psychiatrists' letters have not changed. Registrars, however, now include noticeably more "key items" than they did 10 years ago, but their letters remain twice the length of those written by consultants. It is suggested that letter writing skills are vital to good patient management and should be taught to postgraduate trainees in general practice and psychiatry. PMID- 3917325 TI - Drug users in contact with general practice. AB - A group of heroin users who are in contact with a general practice in north west Edinburgh are described. The study group was younger and included more women than previous studies. These people used a large variety of drugs and mainly purchased them locally. Frequent and often prolonged abstinent periods occurred with no prescribed opiate treatment. The group had experienced a high rate of drug related medical disorders. All these points raise the possibility that opiate users who are known to general practitioners may be a distinctly different population from those who attend drug dependency clinics. The frequency of remission and the prevalence of polydrug use have profound implications for planning and evaluating an effective medical response. PMID- 3917326 TI - Do advertisements help in the appointment of a new partner? AB - Seventy five advertisements placed in five consecutive issues of the BMJ by general practices for vacancies for doctors were analysed for the amount of information given. Fifteen pieces of information were sought and scored. The maximum score was 20, and one advertisement had no indication of how to reply. PMID- 3917327 TI - Minimum Standards for Training: A consumer viewpoint. PMID- 3917328 TI - Current issues in the design and interpretation of clinical trials. AB - Though there have been considerable improvements in the use of statistical methods for clinical trials in recent years, there remain major practical difficulties in the design and interpretation of many trials. This paper concentrates on problems relating to randomisation, the overemphasis on significance testing, and the inadequate size of many trials. Each topic is illustrated by examples from recent trials. PMID- 3917329 TI - New concepts in incontinence. PMID- 3917330 TI - Introduction and a look at some short term orthopaedic rehabilitation. PMID- 3917331 TI - "Inflammatory" bowel disease. PMID- 3917332 TI - Current results with orthotopic liver grafting in Cambridge/King's College Hospital series. AB - In the 12 months from 1 August 1983 to 31 July 1984, 29 orthotopic liver transplant operations were performed in 26 patients, 10 of whom were aged 20 or under. Results in this younger age group were very satisfactory, nine of the patients being alive at review, giving an actuarial predicted one year survival of 75%. In the older age group seven of the 16 patients were alive, perioperative bleeding and infection in association with malnutrition being major factors in the nine who died. Two patients in whom a blocked portal vein required disobliteration at the time of the operation made excellent recoveries. An increase in availability of donor organs made possible a greater use of retransplantation, and for the first time transplantation for severe liver failure due to subacute hepatic necrosis was successful. PMID- 3917333 TI - The world cancer burden: prevent or perish. PMID- 3917334 TI - The little used defence of insanity. PMID- 3917336 TI - How hard do general practitioners work? PMID- 3917337 TI - Metabolic effects of bicarbonate in the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis. PMID- 3917335 TI - Long term follow up of untreated primary hyperparathyroidism. PMID- 3917338 TI - Distribution of adipose tissue and risk of impaired glucose tolerance in pregnancy. PMID- 3917339 TI - A sensitive immunoradiometric assay for serum thyroid stimulating hormone. PMID- 3917341 TI - Doctors, drugs, and the DHSS. PMID- 3917342 TI - Fine bore enteral feeding and pulmonary aspiration. PMID- 3917340 TI - Treatment of pulmonary hypertension in chronic bronchitis and emphysema. PMID- 3917343 TI - Return of splenic function after splenectomy. PMID- 3917344 TI - Hypertension in women. PMID- 3917346 TI - Failure of the cervical cytology screening programme. PMID- 3917345 TI - Increases in platelet and red cell counts, blood viscosity, and arterial pressure during mild surface cooling. PMID- 3917347 TI - Screening for small for dates fetuses. PMID- 3917348 TI - Exercise heart rates at different serum digoxin concentrations in patients with atrial fibrillation. AB - Heart rate at rest and during increasing workloads was measured in a double blind study of 12 patients with chronic atrial fibrillation when serum concentrations of digoxin were nil and at low and high therapeutic values. Twelve normal subjects were studied for comparison. The heart rate at all levels of exercise in most patients with atrial fibrillation was not adequately controlled by any serum digoxin concentration tested despite a reduction in heart rate with increasing serum digoxin concentrations. Control of the resting heart rate, even in patients with high serum digoxin concentrations, did not ensure adequate control of the heart rate during work rates equivalent to regular daily activities. PMID- 3917349 TI - Tuberculous pseudotumour of the liver developing during antituberculous chemotherapy. AB - A 29-year-old Chinese woman presented with a liver mass 2 months after initiation of chemotherapy for disseminated tuberculosis. A percutaneous liver biopsy revealed tuberculous pseudotumour. Although acid-fast bacilli were seen in the biopsy specimen, no organism could be cultured. No changes were made in the antituberculous chemotherapy, and the mass subsequently resolved. The patient was still well 18 months after presentation. To the authors' knowledge, the features of tuberculous pseudotumour seen with ultrasonography and computerized tomography have not previously been described, nor has this condition previously been reported in patients already receiving antituberculous chemotherapy. PMID- 3917350 TI - Fever of unexplained origin, biochemical Cushing's disease and cerebral dysrhythmia corrected by valproate sodium. AB - A patient with cerebral dysrhythmia and fever of unexplained origin for 2 years is described. She had elevated and nonsuppressible levels of urinary 17 hydroxycorticosteroids but no clinical features of hypercortisolism. Treatment with valproate sodium corrected all the abnormalities. It is postulated that cerebral dysrhythmia can affect the hypothalamic mechanisms of body temperature and regulation of adrenocorticotropic hormone levels. PMID- 3917351 TI - Clinical evaluation of neutron beam therapy. Current results and prospects, 1983. AB - Some 9000 patients throughout the world have been treated by some form of neutron beam therapy. These include patients with advanced nonresectable tumors in many different sites treated with a variety of neutron beam generators varying widely in beam energy. Protocols were largely nonrandomized and included both mixed beam studies (neutrons + photons) and neutrons alone in varying doses. In spite of wide variation in equipment, treatment technique, and philosophy, some consistent trends have been identified: (1) in general, the neutron results have been at least as good as those of the photon controls measured in terms of local control, although the incidence of significant side effects have been higher; (2) in none of the randomized studies conducted so far, largely comprising epidermoid carcinomas of the head and neck, has a clear survival advantage for neutrons over photon controls been demonstrated at a statistically significant level; (3) results with mixed beam studies have been uniformly equivocal, with marginally significant differences in favor of the experimental groups compared with the photon controls; (4) adenocarcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract (GI) tract, including tumors of the salivary gland, pancreas, stomach, and bowel, appear to be responsive to high linear energy transfer (LET) radiation; (5) nonepidermoid, radioresistant tumors (sarcoma of bone and soft tissue and melanoma) yield a consistantly high local control rate, with neutron irradiation strikingly superior to those reported with photon therapy; and (6) in the central nervous system, both normal tissues and tumors appear to be exceptionally sensitive to neutron irradiation, therapeutic ratios are small, and the prospect of cure remains remote. It is concluded that neutrons are efficacious for certain specific tumor types, but that essentially new study designs, based on nonrandomized matched case comparisons, will be required to prove the merit of the new modality. PMID- 3917352 TI - A randomized comparison of cyclophosphamide, Adriamycin, and 5-fluorouracil with triethylenethiophosphoramide and methotrexate, both as sequential and as fixed rotational treatment in patients with advanced ovarian cancer. AB - The combinations of triethylenethiophosphoramide and methotrexate (TM) and cyclophosphamide, Adriamycin (doxorubicin), and 5-fluorouracil (CAF) were compared, both as sequential and fixed rotational treatments for advanced ovarian cancer, with L-phenylalanine mustard (L-PAM). Treatment with CAF produced a higher response rate (25% complete responses plus 31% partial responses) than treatment with L-PAM (15% complete responses plus 18% partial responses). A fixed rotation of TM and CAF resulted in longer survival (median of 15 months and 75th percentile of 27 months) than sequential treatment with TM initially, followed by CAF upon failure (median of 12 months and 75th percentile of 22 months). The fixed rotation of TM and CAF also increased progression-free survival (median of 12 months and 75th percentile of 24 months) over that achieved by initial treatment with TM (median of 6 months and 75th percentile of 15 months) or L-PAM (median of 9 months and 75th percentile of 21 months). Most patients (96%) on the fixed rotation were treated with both TM and CAF. Fewer patients (62%) on the sequential schedule with TM actually received both combination regimens, and even fewer patients (37%) beginning on CAF ever crossed over to TM. Patient age of 50 years or younger was a favorable prognostic factor for response, survival, and time to first treatment failure (progression-free survival). Disease Stage IIIA or IIIB, surgery including a bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy plus hysterectomy, and treatment within 6 months of initial diagnosis were favorable predictors for both survival and time to first treatment failure. Ambulatory performance status and well-differentiated disease were favorable prognostic factors for survival. Patients with unevaluable disease failed later than those with evaluable disease who, in turn, failed later than patients with measurable disease. PMID- 3917353 TI - Renal complications of mitomycin C therapy with special reference to the total dose. AB - One hundred forty-two patients with gastrointestinal cancer were treated with combination chemotherapy containing mitomycin C. The mitomycin C dose was less than or equal to 15 mg/m2 every 53rd day and the total cumulative dose was between 25 and 250 mg. Ten of the evaluable 118 patients (8.5%) developed renal toxicity due to mitomycin C. Five of these ten patients had microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, too. Six of them died 2 to 4.5 months after the last mitomycin C dose and four are alive 14 to 30 months after the last dose. Only 1 of the 63 patients (1.6%) who received less than 50 mg/m2 mitomycin C developed renal toxicity. Four of the 37 patients (10.8%) who received 50 to 69 mg/m2 and 5 of 18 (27.8%) who received more than 70 mg/m2 of mitomycin C developed nephrotoxicity. The toxicity of mitomycin C seems to be dose related, the safe total dose being less than 50 mg/m2 if delivered in doses of 10 to 15 mg/m2 at 8-week intervals. PMID- 3917354 TI - Renal failure and hemolytic anemia associated with mitomycin C. A case report. AB - The authors report a case of renal failure and microangiopathic hemolytic anemia associated with the administration of mitomycin C in a 62-year-old man. Examination of the renal biopsy specimen revealed glomerular sclerosis and necrosis with interstitial fibrosis on light microscopy. Electron microscopic findings revealed deposits of fibrin within the glomeruli and interstitial tissue and separation of glomerular epithelial cells from the underlying lamina densa. Following plasma exchange, the hemolytic process improved, but renal failure persisted. PMID- 3917356 TI - Body composition of patients with malnutrition and cancer. Summary of methods of assessment. AB - Body composition is determined, by multiple isotope dilution, to obtain an accurate and precise measure of the nutritional state and to evaluate the response to specialized nutritional therapy. Malnutrition results in a loss of body cell mass (BCM) accompanied by an expansion of the extracellular mass (ECM). Thus, in 75 malnourished patients the BCM was 40.5% less and the ECM was 24.6% greater than that of 25 normal volunteers, resulting in a body weight difference of only 16.3%. In 19 normally nourished patients undergoing major elective surgery, by the fifth postoperative day the BCM decreased by 13.9% and the ECM increased by 9.6%, resulting in a 3.9% loss of body weight. During an 18-month period, body composition was determined in 43 patients with cancer. Eighteen patients were nutritionally normal, whereas 25 were malnourished. In 17 of the malnourished patients, body composition was determined at 2-week intervals while they were receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Body composition remained unchanged in nine but improved in eight, with a BCM increase from 14.6 +/- 1.1 to 18.4 +/- 1.2 kg. These data demonstrated that an improvement in the nutritional state can be achieved in patients with cancer. PMID- 3917355 TI - Aspects of amino acid and protein metabolism in cancer-bearing states. AB - Overt malnutrition is seen in about 40% of patients hospitalized for treatment of cancer. In patients whose primary treatment modality is surgical, morbidity and mortality is twice as high in the malnourished group as in the normally nourished patients. This clinically important malnutrition is a consequence of obligatory parasitism by the tumor, which grows at its own genetically determined rate and which competes effectively with the host for the limited available nutrients. Administration of extra nutritional support as total parenteral nutrition (TPN) can alter the tumor-host nutritional balance so that host repletion may occur. Provision of a significant proportion of TPN calories as fat diminishes the incidence of glucose intolerance and reduces the incidence of abnormal liver function. In vitro and in vivo studies both show that leucine is the significant controlling branched-chain amino acid in the TPN mixture, and adequate leucine content is a crucial component of effective TPN. Variations in TPN content of large neutral amino acids have important effects on brain tyrosine and tryptophan availability and hence may also effect neurotransmitter activity. Although the usefulness of TPN for correcting malnutrition in cancer patients is clear, the optimal choices of constituents for the TPN mixture continue to evolve. PMID- 3917357 TI - The role of preoperative parenteral nutrition in cancer patients. AB - The observations that malnutrition frequently affects cancer patients, that it adversely affects postoperative prognosis, and that it is amenable to intensive nutrition therapy, lead logically to the hypothesis that preoperative parenteral nutrition should have a salutary effect on many patients undergoing oncologic surgery. Available studies evaluating this hypothesis suggest that adequate preoperative intravenous feedings improve the postoperative course of malnourished patients and patients initially well nourished but in whom oral nutrition may be interrupted prior to operation. PMID- 3917358 TI - Preoperative identification of the surgical cancer patient in need of postoperative supportive total parenteral nutrition. AB - In the absence of specific therapy, nutrition was the mainstay of medicine in ancient times. Because of the current emphasis on modern treatment modalities in the fight against cancer, the provision of adequate nutrition is frequently overlooked. Because of the inconsistent results obtained from randomized trials of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy and radiation therapy, ambivalence about the usefulness of TPN as an adjunct to cancer therapy (particularly as it pertains to surgical patients) is further confused by the lack of appropriate criteria for the use of TPN postoperatively. The incidence of malnutrition in relation to certain cancer types is high. Malnutrition is associated with a higher incidence of both postoperative complications and mortality when compared to the well nourished patient. Consequently, preoperative criteria were developed to identify that group of cancer patients requiring abdominal operation who are at high risk and in whom planned nutritional support should be initiated postoperatively. Use of these criteria provides a rational basis for the use of TPN postoperatively. PMID- 3917359 TI - Critical evaluation of the role of nutritional support for radiation therapy patients. AB - Nutritional intake or absorption may be compromised by radiation therapy (RT) when large portions of the gastrointestinal tract are treated. Dietary counseling, oral supplements, tube feedings and intravenous hyperalimentation (IVH) have been employed to limit weight loss and lessen intestinal RT side effects. Unfortunately, no prospective study reviewed has shown improved tumor control or patient survival. Special diets and IVH have also been employed in select patients to relieve chronic malabsorption from severe radiation enteritis. PMID- 3917360 TI - Critical evaluation of the role of nutritional support with chemotherapy. AB - Although weight loss has an adverse impact on cancer patient survival, the ability of caloric provision via total parenteral nutrition (TPN) to favorably influence outcome in chemotherapy-treated populations is not established. In randomized trials, no significant improvement in either response or survival was associated with TPN addition to chemotherapeutic treatment of adult patients with lymphoma, sarcoma, colon cancer, adenocarcinoma and small cell carcinoma of the lung, or testicular carcinoma. In two instances, TPN addition was associated with decreased survival, again raising the concern that caloric support in the absence of effective antitumor therapy might stimulate cancer growth. In any event, the hypothesis that nutritional repletion of a malnourished cancer patient receiving chemotherapy will improve clinical outcome remains to be critically tested, as studies demonstrating sequential improvement in lean body mass have not been reported. Most recently, consideration of potential mechanisms underlying the development of cancer cachexia has led to new strategies for nutritional intervention. For example, hypogonadism or low testosterone levels have been described in male patient populations with advanced cancer and correlated with weight loss and adverse outcome, leading to trial of replacement therapy with nandrolone decanoate. Similarly, the frequent identification of abnormal glucose metabolism in the patients with cancer cachexia has stimulated clinical trials with agents such as hydrazine sulfate and insulin designed to reverse the metabolic abnormality. Whether such efforts designed to alter metabolic abnormalities associated with cancer cachexia will improve clinical outcome will be determined in ongoing clinical trials. PMID- 3917361 TI - The delivery of nutritional support. A potpourri of new devices and methods. AB - With continued interest and increasing awareness of nutritional support to patients, both hospitalized and at home, many new developments in the field of devices and methods of delivering nutritional support have occurred. The indications, methods of use, and the associated complications related to feeding via nasogastric tube, tube esophagostomy, gastrostomy, and jejunostomy in the light of new devices and methods are outlined. The authors' experience shows that postoperative enteral feeding is a reliable and efficient method of providing supportive nutrition, provided the appropriate patients are selected. Home enteral nutritional support via gastrostomy allows stable cancer patients to maintain their nutritional status and enjoy life independent of the hospital setting for an extended period of time. When feeding via the gastrointestinal tract is neither feasible nor desirable, for both short-term and long-term nutritional support, access to the central venous system becomes necessary because peripheral vein feeding has limited cost-effectiveness. Delivery of nutrients into the superior vena cava by long antecubital catheters has been advocated, and the use of Hickman/Broviac catheters, instead of conventional subclavian catheters, is becoming an increasingly common practice. Experience with the use of arteriovenous fistulae and the Infuse-A-Port (Infusaid Corp.) are reviewed; the method used for declotting infected and thrombosed catheters is outlined. Current trends in the use of three-liter bags containing a fat emulsion with glucose and amino acids are mentioned. PMID- 3917362 TI - Micronutrient requirements of cancer patients. AB - Several major factors may influence the micronutrient requirements of the patient with cancer. These factors include the metabolic state of the malignancy and its effects on host metabolism, the catabolic effects of antineoplastic therapy, and other physiologic stresses commonly associated with the treatment of cancer, i.e., surgery, fever and infection. Although the nutritional importance of vitamins, minerals and trace elements is recognized, the optimal daily dose that will preserve lean body mass without enhancing tumor growth, is not known. Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs), where established, are based on populations with nonmalignant diseases. However, supplementation with vitamins, minerals, and certain trace elements is recommended for the cancer patient who requires prolonged parenteral support, since clinically relevant deficiency states have been described. The effect of malignancy on the metabolism of several of these micronutrients (iron, ascorbic acid, alpha tocopherol, selenium, zinc, copper) is discussed. PMID- 3917363 TI - Psychosocial aspects of artificial feeding. AB - Artificial feeding can have an impact on the patient's quality of life. The psychosocial problems commonly reported in relation to parenteral nutrition are distress from loss of normal eating ability, depression, body image changes, fear of problems with apparatus, and decreased sexual activity. The psychosocial problems most commonly reported in relation to enteral nutrition include gustatory distress , some physical distress , and tube-related distress . Results of teaching approaches to reduce patient discomfort during tube feeding indicate that sensory rather than coping behavior information is more likely to be associated with higher levels of perceived control over enteral feeding, and that perceived control rather than perceived coping ability is more likely to be associated with willingness to repeat the experience. In general, the studies reviewed suggest that enteral feeding may be less stressful and produce fewer psychosocial problems than parenteral nutrition. PMID- 3917364 TI - Adverse metabolic consequences of total parenteral nutrition. AB - Recently described metabolic complications of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) are discussed. Included are descriptions of disorders affecting the hepatobiliary system and the musculoskeletal system. The effects of TPN on the hepatobiliary system include cholestatic hepatitis and cholelithiasis; the complications affecting the musculoskeletal system include acute polymyopathy and low-turnover, osteomalacic bone disease. With the exception of the acute polymyopathy, which is probably due to essential fatty acid deficiency, the other systemic disorders may have multiple etiologies. Also summarized are the relatively recent findings of iatrogenic micronutrient deficiencies, including chromium, selenium, and molybdenum. These trace element deficiencies appear to have multisystem manifestations. Recommendations for management are discussed. PMID- 3917365 TI - Effects of intra-arterially infused biodegradable microspheres containing mitomycin C. AB - We prepared biodegradable microspheres containing about 5% mitomycin C (MMC) and of 45 +/- 8 microns in diameter. These preparations were infused into the rat hepatic artery as a preclinical model of intra-arterial infusion treatment for patients with inoperable hepatic tumor. The leaked MMC levels in the hepatic vein decreased below the assay limitation 2 hours after conventional MMC injection, whereas in the case of MMC microsphere the leaked drug levels were maintained at almost the same concentration for over 2 hours after infusion. The entrapped period of MMC microspheres within the hepatic artery was at least 2 weeks, and the necrobiotic foci due to antitumor effects of the condensed MMC released from the microspheres were observed in the area fed by these entrapped arterioles. This phenomenon was never observed in the case of conventional MMC and placebo microspheres. Intra-arterial infusion of MMC microspheres may be a promising clinical treatment for patients with malignant hepatic tumor. PMID- 3917366 TI - Mitomycin C and vindesine associated pulmonary toxicity with variable clinical expression. AB - A patient receiving mitomycin and vindesine chemotherapy for lung cancer developed abrupt onset of shortness of breath following vindesine administration. Pulmonary function tests both before and after rechallenging him with vindesine showed an acute obstructive pattern, which resolved with bronchodilator therapy; persisting lung damage was evident by arterial blood gas analysis. A record review of the 126 patients placed on the same chemotherapy regimen uncovered an additional 6 patients with possible lung toxicity. These seven patients (5.5%) had a variable clinical picture, from acute, reversible shortness of breath temporally related to vindesine administration to a progressive, fatal interstitial infiltrate. Physicians administering the combination of mitomycin and a vinca alkaloid should be aware of potential lung toxicity with variable clinical expression and be prepared to take appropriate action should they encounter it. PMID- 3917367 TI - Spontaneous and induced sister chromatid exchange frequencies and cell cycle progression in lymphocytes of patients with carcinoma of the uterine cervix. AB - Thirteen healthy females and thirteen untreated patients with carcinoma of the uterine cervix were studied for spontaneous and mitomycin C (MMC)-induced rates of sister chromatid exchange (SCE) and cell cycle progression. The mean values of spontaneous as well as MMC-induced SCE rates showed no statistically significant difference between groups. For studying cell cycle progression, cells in the M1, M2, and M3 stages were scored from the same samples. The percent values of cells in these stages, identified by the nature of differential sister chromatid staining, were found to be almost identical in normal as well as MMC-treated cultures in controls and patients. It was concluded that the presence of carcinoma of the uterine cervix in human females has no bearing either on spontaneous and MMC-induced SCE rates or on cell cycle progression in PHA stimulated cultures of peripheral blood lymphocytes. PMID- 3917368 TI - Is cancer of the colon familial in cotton-top tamarins? AB - Ten cases of spontaneous adenocarcinoma of the colon were observed in first generation Saguinus oedipus oedipus born and raised under defined colony conditions. In this series of 10 cases, 3 animals had a wild parent (caught and imported) that also died of cancer of the colon and 4 of the remaining 7 were two unrelated sets of siblings (one a set of fraternal twins). This somewhat unexpected familial association or clustering of these malignancies suggests the possibility of a significant hereditary component to the development of cancer in these tamarins. The histopathology of the tumors in S. o. oedipus is compatible with a genetic influence, as it is strikingly similar to a dominantly inherited mucoid adenocarcinoma of the colon in humans. PMID- 3917369 TI - Immunogenicity and immunosensitivity of a guinea pig B-cell leukemia subline lacking cell surface Ia antigens. AB - L2C is a transplantable B-cell leukemia of strain 2 guinea pigs. Transplantation protection experiments were performed with L2C sublines expressing or lacking cell surface antigens coded for by the I region of the major histocompatibility complex (Ia). A subline (BZ-L2C) that lacked cell surface Ia antigens was immunogenic but relatively resistant to immunological attack. The data suggest that rejection of this B-cell leukemia may be influenced by expression of cell surface Ia antigens. PMID- 3917370 TI - Renal reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate:cytochrome c reductase mediated metabolism of the carcinogen N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2 thiazolyl]acetamide. AB - N-[4-(5-Nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]acetamide (NFTA) metabolism was examined in vitro using microsomes prepared from rat liver and renal cortex and from rabbit liver and renal cortex and outer and inner medulla. NFTA nitroreduction was observed with each tissue. Three mol of NADPH were used per mol of NFTA reduced. Substrate and inhibitor specificity suggested that the microsomal nitroreduction was due to NADPH:cytochrome c reductase. Metabolite(s) formed bound to protein, RNA, DNA, and synthetic polyribonucleotides. Maximum covalent binding was seen with polyguanylic acid. A guanosine-NFTA adduct was isolated. Binding was inhibited by sulfhydryl compounds and vitamin E. The [14C]NFTA:glutathione or [3H]glutathione:NFTA conjugates obtained from microsomal incubations showed identical chromatographic properties as the product obtained by the reaction of synthetic N-hydroxy-NFTA with [3H]glutathione. Structures of synthetic N-hydroxy NFTA and the microsomal reduction product 1-[4-(2-acetylaminothiazolyl)]-3-cyano 1-propanone were established by mass spectrometry. The latter reduction product did not bind macromolecules. These results suggest that renal NADPH:cytochrome c reductase reduces NFTA to an N-hydroxy-NFTA intermediate that binds nucleophilic sites on macromolecules. PMID- 3917371 TI - Comparison of the effectiveness of (+/-)-1,2-bis(3,5-dioxopiperazinyl-1 yl)propane (ICRF-187) and N-acetylcysteine in preventing chronic doxorubicin cardiotoxicity in beagles. AB - This investigation examined the potential of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and ICRF-187, alone and in combination, to protect against chronic doxorubicin cardiotoxicity. Adult beagles of either sex (7.3 to 12.5 kg) were given doxorubicin (1.75 mg/kg i.v.) either alone or 30 min after either ICRF-187 (25 mg/kg i.p.), NAC (200 mg/kg i.p.), or ICRF-187 (25 mg/kg i.p.) and NAC (200 mg/kg i.p.) at 3-week intervals. Control dogs received ICRF-187 (25 mg/kg i.p.), NAC (200 mg/kg i.p.), ICRF-187 (25 mg/kg i.p.) and NAC (200 mg/kg i.p.), or 0.9% NaCl solution without doxorubicin. The experiment was terminated 3 weeks after the seventh injection (total doxorubicin dose, 12.25 mg/kg). Three animals pretreated with NAC and one pretreated with ICRF-187 before receiving doxorubicin died or were in poor condition and were killed before the end of the study. The frequency and extent of myocardial lesions (vacuolization and myofibrillar loss) were assessed on a scale of 0 to 4+. Such lesions were present in all six dogs given doxorubicin alone and were marked to severe (3+ to 4+) in five of these dogs and moderate (2+) in one. Lesions of comparable severity (2+ to 4+) were also apparent in the hearts of dogs given the combination of NAC and doxorubicin. In contrast, no abnormalities (lesion score 0) were found in the hearts of three of six dogs given doxorubicin and ICRF-187 and in four of six dogs given doxorubicin following the combination of ICRF-187 and NAC; the remaining animals in these two groups had minimal lesions. At the dosage regimen used in the present experiments, doxorubicin, NAC, or ICRF-187 alone or in combination did not cause alterations in lungs, liver, kidney, or small intestine. Decreases in WBC count, RBC count, and hemoglobin occurred in dogs given doxorubicin with or without the various pretreatments. Thus, pretreatment with ICRF-187 was effective and pretreatment with NAC was ineffective in reducing chronic doxorubicin cardiotoxicity. PMID- 3917372 TI - Evaluation of the in vivo antitumor activity and in vitro cytotoxic properties of auranofin, a coordinated gold compound, in murine tumor models. AB - The coordinated gold compound, 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-1-thio-beta-D glucopyranosato-S-triethyl phosphine gold (auranofin; Ridaura), was evaluated for antitumor activity in a variety of mouse tumor models. Of the 15 tumor models evaluated, auranofin was found to be active only against i.p. P388 leukemia. A number of dose schedules was used to measure activity against P388 with optimal activity observed at 12 mg/kg given daily, i.p., on Days 1 to 5. Auranofin was active against i.p. P388 leukemia only when administered i.p.; the drug was completely inactive when administered i.v., s.c., or p.o. on Days 1 to 5. Evaluation of the effects of auranofin in vitro demonstrated that survival curves for B16 melanoma cells as measured by the clongenic and dye exclusion assays were exponential and monophasic; cell cycle distribution was not altered, and auranofin displayed no preferential cytotoxicity to logarithmic or plateau growth phase cell populations; auranofin inhibited DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis at cytotoxic concentrations but showed no selective effect; the cytotoxic activity and cellular association of gold from auranofin were dose, time, and temperature dependent; and binding of auranofin gold to serum proteins markedly decreased cellular uptake of gold and cytotoxicity of auranofin in vitro. PMID- 3917373 TI - Selective isolation of domains of chromatin proximal to both carcinogen-induced DNA damage and poly-adenosine diphosphate-ribosylation. AB - Poly-adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribosylation of nuclear proteins has been demonstrated previously to be activated in vivo by the presence of DNA single strand breaks and has thus been implicated to play an important role in altering chromatin structure during cellular recovery from DNA damage. Based upon these considerations, a novel immunofractionation method, using antipoly(ADP-ribose) coupled to Sepharose, has been used to enrich for those limited domains of chromatin undergoing poly-ADP-ribosylation. We have used three independent methods to verify the presence of significant levels of single-strand DNA breaks adjacent to polynucleosomes engaged in ADP-ribosylation. PMID- 3917374 TI - Control of VX2 carcinoma cell growth in culture by calcium, calmodulin, and prostaglandins. AB - Based on our in vivo observation that growth of VX2 carcinoma transplanted in rabbits paralleled development of hypercalcemia, we studied the regulation of VX2 tumor growth using a clonal cell line isolated from VX2 tumor (VX2-L). VX2-L cell growth was dependent on prostaglandins released by the cultured cells into the medium, since indomethacin suppressed VX2-L growth, and prostaglandins A2, E1, E2, F1 alpha, and F2 alpha stimulated VX2-L proliferation. In contrast, prostaglandins D2 and I2 inhibited VX2-L proliferation. In contrast to previous reports, increases in extracellular calcium concentration promoted VX2-L growth not only directly but indirectly through augmentation of prostaglandin E synthesis. Antagonists of the intracellular calcium binding protein calmodulin inhibited cell replication. Increases in extracellular calcium also stimulated production of a nonprostaglandin macromolecular bone-resorbing factor. This factor may account for the hypercalcemia which we were unable to block by indomethacin. These results suggest a close relationship between VX2-L growth, prostaglandin production, and hypercalcemia. It is proposed that calcium blockers and anticalmodulin drugs might be powerful anticancer and/or antihypercalcemic agents for malignant cells such as VX2-L. PMID- 3917375 TI - Effects of selenium on 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced mammary carcinogenesis and DNA adduct formation. AB - The purpose of the present investigation was to determine the effects of dietary selenium deficiency or excess on 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced mammary neoplasia in rats and to delineate whether selenium-mediated modification of mammary carcinogenesis was associated with changes in carcinogen:DNA adduct formation and activities of liver microsomal enzymes that are involved in xenobiotic metabolism. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups from weaning and were maintained on one of three synthetic diets designated as follows: selenium deficient (less than 0.02 ppm); selenium adequate (0.2 ppm); or selenium excess (2.5 ppm). For the DMBA binding and DNA adduct studies, rats were given a dose of [3H]DMBA p.o. after 1 month on their respective diets. Results from the liver and the mammary gland indicated that neither selenium deficiency nor excess had any significant effect on the binding levels, which were calculated on the basis of total radioactivity isolated with the purified DNA. Furthermore, it was found that dietary selenium intake did not seem to affect quantitatively or qualitatively the formation of DMBA:DNA adducts in the liver. Similarly, in a parallel group of rats that did not receive DMBA, the activities of aniline hydroxylase, aminopyrine N-demethylase, and cytochrome c reductase were not significantly altered by dietary selenium levels. Concurrent with the above experiments, the effect of dietary selenium intake on carcinogenesis was also monitored. Results of this experiment indicated that selenium deficiency enhanced mammary carcinogenesis only when this nutritional condition was maintained in the postinitiation phase. Likewise, an excess of selenium intake inhibited neoplastic development only when this regimen was continued after DMBA administration. In either case, deficient or excess selenium at the time of carcinogenic insult failed to produce a significant effect on subsequent tumor yield, if selenium intake was returned to normal during the proliferative phase of tumor growth. Based on the results of these studies, it is suggested that selenium-mediated modification of mammary tumorigenesis is not exerted via alterations in carcinogenic initiation (i.e., metabolism or DNA adduct formation). PMID- 3917376 TI - Treatment of plasma cell neoplasm with recombinant leukocyte A interferon and human lymphoblastoid interferon. AB - Thirty cases of plasma cell neoplasms (24 multiple myeloma, one plasma cell leukemia, and three primary macroglobulinemia) were treated with two kinds of highly purified alpha-interferons, recombinant human leukocyte interferon (rIFN alpha A) (16 cases) and human lymphoblastoid interferon (HLBI) (14 cases). Partial remission (PR) was obtained in two of 16 evaluable cases treated with rIFN-alpha A and in two of 12 evaluable cases treated with HLBI. If minor response (MR) was included, responses were observed in seven (31.3%) and six (50%), respectively. Response (PR + MR) was noted in 38% of 21 previously treated patients and 71% of seven previously untreated patients. Side-effects were noted in more than two-thirds of the patients. They included fever, malaise, nausea/anorexia and myelosuppression. Thus, these two kinds of highly purified alpha-interferon were effective in plasma cell neoplasm, producing unequivocal response in 14.3% of the cases without unacceptable side-effects. PMID- 3917377 TI - Sensitive enzyme immunoassay for the quantification of aclacinomycin A using beta D-galactosidase as a label. AB - A sensitive enzyme immunoassay method (EIA) for an anticancer drug, aclacinomycin A (ACM), has been developed. With a double-antibody technique, ACM at a concentration as low as 100 pg/tube can be detected. An antibody to ACM was obtained by immunizing rabbits with an antigen prepared by coupling ACM with mercaptosuccinylated bovine serum albumin via N-maleoyl aminobutyric acid (MABA) as a coupling agent. Enzyme labeling of ACM was performed with beta-D galactosidase (beta-Gal; EC 3.2.1.23) via m-maleoyl benzoic acid (MBA). The standard curve of the assay was linear on a logit-log plot over a concentration range of 30 pg to 10 ng. The antibody detected ACM and its metabolites, MA144 M1 (M1), MA144 N1 (N1), MA144 S1 (S1), and aklavin (T1) equally well, but was only minimally reactive with aklavinone (D1) and 7-deoxyaklavinone (C1), thus suggesting that this EIA can detect the total amounts of ACM and its biologically active glycosides among metabolites of ACM. This EIA is practically free from interference by any other anticancer drugs. Using this assay, serum levels of ACM equivalents can be determined accurately after administration of the drug to rats at a single dose of 10 mg/kg. Since ACM is now undergoing clinical trial, the EIA of the drug will be a valuable tool in clinical pharmacological studies. PMID- 3917379 TI - Liquid-chromatographic study of fluorescent compounds in hemodialysate solutions. AB - We have separated and identified three endogenous, naturally fluorescent substances in uremic hemodialysate by using reversed-phase liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Co-chromatography with authentic standards, monitoring peak shifts after enzymic treatment, and spectrofluorescence measurements were used to confirm the identity of indican, tryptophan, and indole 3-acetic acid. Concentrations of indican were about 1.5 those of tryptophan and considerably greater than those of indole-3-acetic acid in hemodialysate samples from 12 renal patients. These three compounds, as well as eight unidentified components, were consistently present in dialysate samples from each of the 12 patients. PMID- 3917378 TI - Inhibition by diphosphonate compounds of calcification of porcine bioprosthetic heart valve cusps implanted subcutaneously in rats. AB - Calcification limits the long-term success of heart valve bioprostheses fabricated from glutaraldehyde cross-linked porcine aortic valves. The pathophysiology of calcification of bioprostheses has been studied experimentally with subcutaneous implants of the valve cusps in rats; in this preparation, the accumulation of calcific deposits is biochemically and morphologically identical to that occurring in clinical specimens. The objective of the present study was to determine whether mineralization of bioprosthetic valve cusps (BC) subcutaneously implanted in 3-week-old male rats could be inhibited through the use of diphosphonate compounds. Ethanehydroxydiphosphonate (EHDP), administered by daily subcutaneous injection (25 mg/kg/24 hr) for 21 days inhibited calcification (BC Ca++ = 154.9 +/- 4.1), but caused somatic growth retardation and disruption of epiphyseal development. However, local administration of EHDP by osmotic pump (5 mg/kg/24 hr) implanted in direct contact with the cuspal tissue for 14 days prevented BC calcification (BC CA++ = 4.3 +/- 0.7) without adverse effects. Furthermore, EHDP given by osmotic pump had a prolonged effect on reducing calcification, as demonstrated by implants harvested 21 days (BC CA++ = 12.2 +/- 6.4) after the drug supply was exhausted. Finally, BC preincubated in aminopropanehydroxydiphosphonate for 24 hr before 21 day implantation underwent less calcification (CA++ = 24.2 +/- 7.4) than control valves (BC CA++ 126.6 +/- 7.5) with no adverse effects. We conclude that diphosphonates inhibit BC calcification, and that adverse effects of systemic therapy can be avoided by local administration. PMID- 3917380 TI - Fluorescence polarization immunoassay and enzyme immunoassay compared for free valproic acid in serum ultrafiltrates from epileptic patients. PMID- 3917381 TI - A further comment on measurement of thyrotropin. PMID- 3917382 TI - Direct measurement of antigens in serum by time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay. AB - A long-lived fluorescence label (Tb3+) has been attached to the antigen of interest by using a bifunctional chelating agent 1-(p-benzenediazonium)-EDTA. A nonequilibrium competitive-binding immunoassay protocol, in conjunction with time resolved detection of the long-lived fluorescence label, allows the antigen to be analyzed directly in samples containing diluted human serum. Results obtained for immunoglobulin G with this simple and rapid procedure correlated well (r = 0.93) with those by a commercially available fluorescence immunoassay method. PMID- 3917383 TI - Equilibrium dialysis, ultrafiltration, and ultracentrifugation compared for determining the plasma-protein-binding characteristics of valproic acid. AB - Equilibrium dialysis, ultrafiltration, and ultracentrifugation were compared to determine their reliability and applicability in the study of binding of an anticonvulsant drug, valproic acid, by plasma proteins. We studied drug binding with pooled serum and with solutions of human serum albumin at physiological concentrations. We compared binding characteristics such as number of binding sites, affinity constants, and percent of binding as measured by each method in the therapeutic range for valproic acid. Results by ultracentrifugation differed from those by equilibrium dialysis and ultrafiltration, which agreed reasonably well with each other. PMID- 3917384 TI - Indican interference with six commercial procedures for measuring total bilirubin. AB - We have studied the effect of indican on six commercial procedures for the measurement of total bilirubin in serum. Total bilirubin measured by the Bilirubin A-Gent (Abbott) 2,4-dichlorophenyl diazonium procedure increased by 50 mg/L for each 1 mmol/L of added indican. Similarly, total bilirubin measured by the Bilirubin C-System (Boehringer Mannheim) 2,5-dichlorophenyl diazonium procedure increased by 33 mg/L per mmol/L of indican. Indican also interfered with the Micro Bilirubin Reagent Set (Harleco) Malloy-Evelyn procedure, but to a much lesser extent. The Jendrassik Bilirubin Reagent System (American Monitor) and a modified Jendrassik-Grof procedure (Hoffmann-LaRoche) adapted to the Cobas Bio analyzer were unaffected by the presence of indican. The amount of interference with the 2,5-dichlorophenyl diazonium procedure increased significantly with color development time and was twice the initial amount after 30 min. Concentrations of indican as high as 0.38 mmol/L have been found in sera of patients with renal failure, which would increase total bilirubin values measured by the first two procedures above by 19 and 12 mg/L, respectively. Users of these procedures should therefore be suspicious of unexpectedly high bilirubin values obtained with sera from patients with chronic renal disease. PMID- 3917385 TI - Subdural collection of intravenous fat emulsion in a neonate. Complication of central venous catheterization for total parenteral nutrition. AB - An infected subdural collection of intravenous fat emulsion (Intralipid) was diagnosed in a 5-week-old premature infant who was receiving total parental nutrition (TPN) through a facial vein cutdown. This fluid was successfully drained and the infection, due to Staphylococcus epidermidis, was treated with vancomycin. We postulate that the subdural collection occurred as a result of septic thrombosis of the internal jugular vein with subsequent retrograde flow and infiltration of Intralipid from the bridging veins into the subdural space. This complication of central TPN has not been reported previously. PMID- 3917386 TI - Intramuscular ergotamine: plasma levels and dynamic activity. AB - Ergotamine tartrate (0.5 mg) was injected intramuscularly into 10 subjects with migraine. The effect on peripheral arteries, measured as a decrease in toe-arm systolic gradients, developed slowly and was well sustained after 29 hr. In contrast, ergotamine was quickly absorbed (t1/2 = 3 min) and plasma levels (measured by HPLC) declined, with a biologic t1/2 of 2.5 hr. A hypothetic effect compartment model was adopted and kinetic and dynamic data were simultaneously fitted on a computer. Calculated from mean data, the rate constant for equilibration of the drug between plasma and effector site was 0.07 hr-1, with a t1/2 of 9.9 hr, and the steady-state plasma concentration resulting in 50% of maximal effect (Cpss50) was 0.24 ng/ml. The largest variability for the estimated kinetic and dynamic parameters among subjects was found for Cpss50 (coefficient of variation = 110%), indicating that, in addition to some kinetic variability, dynamic variability (difference in sensitivity) should be anticipated in the therapeutic use of ergotamine. PMID- 3917387 TI - Cyclooxygenase inhibition, platelet function, and metabolite formation during chronic sulfinpyrazone dosing. AB - The inhibitory effects of sulfinpyrazone are more marked ex vivo than in vitro, suggesting biotransformation to potentially active metabolites such as the sulfide and sulfone metabolites. As a platelet inhibitor, the sulfide metabolite is 10 times as potent as the parent and because of its long t1/2, the former may lead to cumulative inhibition of platelet function in vivo during chronic sulfinpyrazone dosing. In our study, healthy subjects received sulfinpyrazone, 200 mg four times a day, for 6 days. Plasma levels of the sulfide metabolite rose slightly from 2.1 +/- 0.8 micrograms/ml 12 hr after the fourth dose to 2.8 +/- 0.8 microgram/ml 12 hr after the twenty-fourth dose. This was associated with increasing inhibition of ex vivo platelet aggregation induced by platelet activating factor during the dosing period, but inhibition of arachidonic acid induced aggregation did not increase cumulatively during dosing and collagen induced aggregation was not inhibited. Inhibition of platelet aggregation was no longer evident 24 hr after the final dose of sulfinpyrazone. The effects of sulfinpyrazone on cyclooxygenase activity were assessed by measurement of thromboxane B2 production by thrombin-stimulated platelets ex vivo and urinary excretion of the major prostacyclin metabolite 2,3-dinor-6-keto-PGF1 alpha. During sulfinpyrazone dosing, thromboxane formation and prostacyclin biosynthesis were correspondingly lowered 50% to 60%. The extent of this depression was of the same order on days 2 and 5 of dosing.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3917388 TI - Chylothorax review. AB - Chylous leakage from the thoracic duct into the pleural space may occur after any type of thoracic surgery; however, there are few reports of this condition after coronary artery bypass grafting. A case of chylothorax after combined coronary bypass and mitral valve replacement is reported to illustrate a discussion of its pathologic basis, diagnosis and management. PMID- 3917389 TI - Recurrent high-permeability pulmonary edema associated with diabetic ketoacidosis. AB - Delayed-onset pulmonary edema complicating severe diabetic ketoacidosis was observed twice in one patient. Hemodynamic measurements during the second episode showed normal transmural pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, suggesting an alteration in alveolocapillary permeability. Hyperventilation and acidosis may underlie this alteration. Vigorous fluid therapy, while decreasing oncotic pressure, may also contribute to the pulmonary edema. The two episodes in one patient suggest that pulmonary microvascular diabetic angiopathy may predispose some diabetics with severe ketoacidosis to increased-permeability pulmonary edema. PMID- 3917391 TI - Monitoring intrapulmonary hemorrhage in Goodpasture's syndrome. AB - Diffusing capacity of carbon monoxide (Dco) was measured frequently in a patient with recurrent intrapulmonary hemorrhage secondary to Goodpasture's syndrome. This simple test was found to be a sensitive and useful indicator of the presence or absence of recurrent intrapulmonary hemorrhage. As this is now the major cause of mortality in this disease, we recommended that frequent measurements of the Dco be an important part of its management. PMID- 3917390 TI - Simultaneous monitoring of transcutaneous blood gases and heart-rate variability in neonates. AB - Instantaneous heart rate, indices of long-term and short-term heart-rate variability (HRV), and transcutaneous O2 (PtcO2) and CO2 (PtcCO2) tensions were recorded simultaneously on 164 occasions in 16 neonates. There was significant inverse correlation between PtcCO2 and both HRV indices, while no linear correlation was detected between HRV and PtcO2. The heart rate was positively related to PtcCO2 and inversely correlated with PO2. It is suggested that increasing PCO2 decreases medullary pH, thus increasing heart rate and decreasing HRV. We conclude that each of these monitoring variables is unique: the transcutaneous measurements display the efficiency of respiration, whereas the heart-rate patterns reflect the dynamic condition of the autonomic nervous system. PMID- 3917392 TI - Nasotracheal intubation and pulmonary parenchymal perforation. An unusual complication of naso-enteral feeding with small-diameter feeding tubes. AB - If not used cautiously, the rigid guide wire used with small-diameter feeding tubes can promote nasotracheal intubation in patients with diminished tracheobronchial sensation. Patients with endotracheal tubes are also at risk. To prevent pulmonary complications with small-diameter feeding tubes, the wire introducer should not be advanced beyond the nasopharynx, and x-ray verification of catheter location should be mandatory. PMID- 3917393 TI - Respiratory drive in nonsmokers and smokers assessed by passive tilt and mouth occlusion pressure. Response to rebreathing carbon dioxide. AB - The purpose of the present investigation was to assess respiratory center function in smokers using (1) measurement of mouth occlusion pressure during carbon dioxide rebreathing and (2) noninvasive measurement of breathing pattern during passive upright tilt. The breathing patterns of 20 normal nonsmokers and 20 smokers without major obstruction of the airways were monitored noninvasively with respiratory inductive plethysmography for 15 minutes in the supine position and then after 90 degrees head-up passive tilt to the standing position. In nonsmokers, significant increases from supine to standing positions included the following: (1) minute ventilation from 6.22 +/- 1.47 to 7.32 +/- 1.16 L/min (p less than 0.05); (2) tidal volume from 368 +/- 93 to 462 +/- 108 ml (p less than 0.01); and (3) mean inspiratory flow from 263 +/- 61 to 320 +/- 43 ml/sec (p less than 0.01). Responses of smokers to tilt were variable; 14 showed changes similar to nonsmokers, but six showed no increase of ventilation and respiratory drive upon tilting. The latter also showed blunted response to rebreathing carbon dioxide in the supine position as estimated by plotting mouth occlusion pressures against end-tidal carbon dioxide tension. These data suggest that disturbances of respiratory center control are common in smokers without major obstruction of the airways. PMID- 3917394 TI - Influence of caloric intake on the respiratory mode during mandatory minute volume ventilation. AB - Mandatory minute volume ventilation has been proposed as a method for weaning patients from ventilators. The purpose of this study was to delineate the influence of caloric intake on spontaneous ventilation in patients receiving mandatory minute volume ventilation. While the value of such ventilation remained unchanged, eight patients were studied at the following three different levels of daily caloric intake: (1) level A, mean of 223 kcal/sq m; (2) level B, mean of 1,380 kcal/sq m; and (3) level C, mean of 2,100 kcal/sq m. We performed gas exchange measurements and a 24-hour recording of ventilation with a monitoring system providing distinction between spontaneous and mechanical cycles. We found that the ventilatory mode was markedly dependent upon the nutritional intake; the percentage of spontaneous ventilation over 24 hours increased from 11 +/- 7 percent (+/- SE) during diet A to 50 +/- 9 percent during diet B and 79 +/- 8 percent during diet C. This increment paralleled the increase in production of carbon dioxide with caloric intake. We suggest therefore that the patient's ability to breathe spontaneously when receiving mandatory minute volume ventilation should be interpreted according to caloric intake. PMID- 3917395 TI - Long-term home oxygen therapy. PMID- 3917396 TI - [Effect of almitrine and oxygen on arterial blood gases in chronic respiratory insufficiency]. AB - In patients with respiratory failure, almitrine causes an increase in arterial O2 partial pressure (paO2) by stimulating peripheral chemoreceptors. Since such patients often require long-term O2 therapy inhibiting peripheral chemoreceptor activity, the effect on arterial blood gases by almitrine (100 mg orally) and increasing amounts of nasally supplied O2 was studied. In ten patients with severe chronic airways obstruction and pulmonary emphysema, almitrine produced a mean increase of paO2 by 5.2 mm Hg both while breathing normal air and during nasal administration of O2 (0.5-2.0 l/min), whereas paCO2 levels remained constant. In 4 patients with pulmonary fibrosis almitrine did not change the paO2. These results show that patients with chronic airways obstruction and pulmonary emphysema respond to a single dose of 100 mg almitrine by an increase of paO2 equivalent to that achieved by administering 1.0 l/min of O2 via the nose. PMID- 3917397 TI - [Explosion of transdermal nitroglycerin during defibrillation]. PMID- 3917398 TI - ABO and rhesus blood-type frequencies in data from hospitals and the Red Cross in Ethiopia. PMID- 3917399 TI - Micro-heterogenous expression of peanut agglutinin-binding sites in the extracellular matrix of cultured cells. AB - Using double-label techniques with fluorochrome-conjugated peanut agglutinin (PNA) and indirect immunofluorescence with rabbit species-specific anti fibronectin antibodies and a mouse monoclonal anti-fibronectin, the extracellular matrix (ECM) of cultured human and mouse fibroblasts (Hell7 and 3T3K) and human bladder epithelial cells (T24) was studied. The antibodies and PNA co-localized extensively. However, a small but consistent degree of micro-heterogeneity was revealed insofar as both PNA-positive fibronectin-negative fibrils as well as PNA negative fibronectin-positive fibrils were observed. Fibronectin production by T24 cells (but not fibroblasts) was influenced by the growth medium, but this did not affect the heterogeneity. Trypsin removed most cell-surface fibronectin and all PNA-binding sites, but did not account for the observed phenomenon. Intracellular fibronectin, whether present naturally or induced to accumulate by culture in presence of Monensin, was PNA-negative. These data suggest that PNA binding sites appear on fibronectin as a consequence of incorporation into the extracellular matrix, and that the resultant heterogeneity of spatial expression of beta-galactose-like residues may offer a mechanism whereby mesenchymal cells could modulate the behaviour of overlying cell-types. PMID- 3917400 TI - Inhibition of ornithine decarboxylase by retinoic acid and difluoromethylornithine in relation to their effects on differentiation and proliferation. AB - Murine embryonal carcinoma F9 cells can be induced to differentiate by 2 difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), an irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC). The differentiated phenotype is similar to that of retinoic acid (RA)-treated F9 cells. In contrast to F9 cells the differentiated cells secrete plasminogen activator and express keratin intermediate filaments. Both DFMO and RA reduce ornithine decarboxylase activity, polyamine levels and inhibit cell proliferation of F9 cells. These compounds also reduce ODC, polyamine levels and proliferation of mouse BALB/c 3T6 fibroblasts. RA inhibits the induction of ODC by insulin, serum and to a lesser extent that of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). The action of DFMO and RA can be distinguished by their response to putrescine. The induction of differentiation and the inhibition of cell proliferation by DFMO can be totally abolished upon the addition of putrescine, whereas the actions of RA are not affected at all. These results suggest that the inhibition of ODC and reduction of polyamines are not causal in the induction of differentiation and the inhibition of proliferation by RA. PMID- 3917402 TI - Complete amino acid sequence of gamma-subunit of the GTP-binding protein from cattle retina. AB - The complete amino acid sequence of the gamma-subunit of the GTP-binding protein from cattle retina has been established. The polypeptide chain of the gamma subunit consists of 69 amino acid residues and contains the unusual sequence Cys35-Cys36. The Mr of the gamma-subunit is 8008.7. PMID- 3917401 TI - Expression of meta-vinculin associated with differentiation of chicken embryonal muscle cells. AB - We confirmed the existence of meta-vinculin, which cross-reacts immunologically with vinculin and has a slightly higher molecular weight than the latter. The immunological cross-reactivity between meta-vinculin and vinculin was confirmed with monoclonal antibodies against vinculin. Furthermore, we found that this protein is present only in either smooth or striated muscle, but is absent in non muscular tissues and that the expression of this protein is associated with a differentiation of muscle cells either in vivo or in vitro. Microinjection experiments of fluorescently labelled vinculin and/or meta-vinculin into the cytoplasm of cultured myotubes suggested that meta-vinculin may be localized at sites similar to vinculin in muscle cells. PMID- 3917403 TI - Superoxide dismutase in Drosophila melanogaster. Mutation site difference between two electromorphs. AB - Two electrophoretically distinguishable variants of superoxide dismutase (SOD) are common in natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster. We have earlier comparatively characterized these two electromorphs, SODF and SODS. By peptide mapping in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), we now show that the difference between the two electromorphs is due to the replacement of Asn-96 (SODF) by Lys-96 (SODS). It is far from clear how this replacement causes the biochemical differences (in thermostability, specific activity, and others) observed between these two forms of the enzyme. PMID- 3917404 TI - Antibody production in rhesus monkeys following prolonged administration of human chorionic gonadotropin. AB - Recently, a model for early pregnancy in the rhesus monkey was developed which involved administration of a 10-day treatment regimen of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). The current studies were designed to determine whether monkeys produced antibodies in response to this hCG regimen and, if so, to characterize the specificity of the antibodies and their effects on subsequent menstrual cycles. Based on Sephadex chromatography and immunoglobulin precipitation with protein A, serum collected from hCG-treated monkeys contained binding components for 125I-hCG. Binding was specific for human gonadotropins (hCG, human luteinizing hormone [LH], human follicle-stimulating hormone [FSH]) and did not cross-react with macaque LH/FSH. Shortening the hCG regimen to less than or equal to 6 days did not result in significant binding. The 10-day hCG regimen did not alter subsequent menstrual cycles, but attenuated 17 beta estradiol production in response to human menopausal gonadotropin. In conclusion, the 10-day regimen of hCG treatments used to simulate early pregnancy in rhesus monkeys induced the production of serum components with characteristics of hCG antibodies. These antibodies did not alter the regulation of the menstrual cycle, but attenuated the response to exogenous human gonadotropins. PMID- 3917405 TI - Effects of human serum and plasma on development of mouse embryos in culture media. AB - Mouse embryos were cultured in Ham's F-10 medium (unsupplemented) and Ham's F-10 medium supplemented with either 15% fetal cord serum, 15% fetal cord plasma, 15% maternal serum, or 15% maternal plasma. None of the blood supplements significantly increased the numbers of embryos that developed to blastocysts, and the last three of the blood supplements inhibited embryo development. The cause of the inhibition was not identified. Estradiol concentrations of blood samples used as media supplements were found not to correlate with inhibition of embryo. PMID- 3917406 TI - Specific prolactin release refractoriness to thyroid-stimulating hormone releasing factor in an obese infertile man. AB - A specific PRL unresponsiveness to TSH-releasing factor was uncovered during the workup of an obese man with infertility due to oligozoospermia. Normal PRL responses were demonstrated in response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia, MTC, and sleep. Borderline-low circulating T without elevated baseline LH levels which rose in response to clomiphene citrate and normal LH and FSH responses were noted after LH-RH administration, indicating normal pituitary responsiveness, even though occurring in the presence of hypothalamic dysfunction, affecting pituitary gonadal relations, appears located in the pituitary and limited to a single stimulus: TSH-releasing factor. PMID- 3917407 TI - Ovulation induction in clomiphene nonresponsive patients: the place of pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone in clinical practice. AB - Seventy-three treatment courses of pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) were given to 19 patients with clomiphene nonresponsive anovulatory infertility. Fifty cycles were given by the subcutaneous route, and 23 were given intravenously. Doses varied between 1 and 40 micrograms per pulse given at 60- or 90-minute intervals. Luteal support was either by continuation of the pulsatile GnRH or by human chorionic gonadotropin injections. In 16 cycles, potentially fertile ovulation occurred, and three pregnancies resulted, of which one continues normally. Only one of the three pregnancies occurred during intravenous GnRH treatment, and it is likely that this patient would have responded to subcutaneous treatment. The optimum dosage to induce ovulation ranged between 10 and 20 micrograms per pulse at a frequency of 60 to 90 minutes. Those patients who responded to treatment were all of normal or low body weight for their age and frame. Conversely, those who failed to respond to pulsatile GnRH with ovulation were obese except for one patient with the polycystic ovary syndrome. Because pulsatile GnRH treatment is simple and potentially safe to administer, a therapeutic trial is indicated in patients of low to normal body weight who fail to respond to clomiphene. Where patients are responsive to pulsatile GnRH, the ovulations produced are likely to be fertile, possibly because of the endogenous nature of the ovulatory luteinizing hormone surge. PMID- 3917408 TI - Ultrasonographic assessment of luteinized unruptured follicle syndrome in unexplained infertility. AB - Ultrasound can be used to monitor the growth and rupture of the dominant follicle. Thirty-three patients with unexplained infertility underwent serial sonography (mean, 3.2 scans/cycle) for luteinized unruptured follicle syndrome (LUFS). The incidence of LUFS was 9% (three patients) in the initial scan cycle. Three patients (9%) demonstrated rupture of a follicle significantly smaller than the mean (22.1 mm) (z less than 0.01) in the initial scan cycle. At standard radiology fees ($7000 +/ diagnosed LUFS) the cost/benefit ratio of this method of diagnosis will be controversial. It is suggested that scanning at reduced fees in the gynecologist's office, particularly in conjunction with postcoital tests, would decrease cost and increase the potential benefit. PMID- 3917409 TI - Prolactin response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) in patients with hypothalamic-pituitary disease. AB - The prolactin (PRL) response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) was evaluated in 686 patients over a 4-year period. Of the 170 control subjects tested, none had a blunted PRL response to TRH. Eighty patients with prolactinomas documented by surgery were tested. Ninety-five percent (76 of 80) of these patients had an abnormally blunted PRL response to TRH. Of the 87 patients with a prolactinoma who did not undergo surgery, 98% (85 of 87) had a blunted PRL response to TRH. Many patients with other pituitary and hypothalamic diseases (pituitary tumors other than prolactinomas [Cushing's disease, acromegaly, chromophobe adenoma], craniopharyngioma) also had an abnormal PRL response to TRH (79 of 153, 52%). In the majority of patients with hyperprolactinemia due to dopamine antagonist medications, TRH stimulation did not produce a normal rise in PRL. The TRH test may be helpful in confirming the diagnosis of prolactinoma, but it is not a decisive factor in the diagnosis or management of this entity. PMID- 3917410 TI - Developmental interactions between the peripheral and central nervous system in Drosophila melanogaster: analysis of the mutant, two-faced. AB - A genetically complex mutant, two-faced (tfd), which causes the production of extra eye and antennal tissue on the dorsal head cuticle, has been analyzed for connectivity to and projection patterns in the central brain of nerves derived from these extra structures. It has been found that the extra antennal nerves frequently connect to and achieve normal projections in the brain, whereas no convincing connectivity between the nerves from the extra eye tissue and the brain, has been found. This suggests that the mechanisms by which the nerves derived from normal eyes and antennae achieve central connections may differ. PMID- 3917411 TI - Transient expression of a neurofilament protein by replicating neuroepithelial cells of the embryonic chick brain. AB - An immunohistochemical survey was carried out on frozen sections of the early embryonic chick brain between 1 and 6 days of incubation, with antisera to the three neurofilament proteins (NF-L, NF-M, NF-H). Large numbers of replicating neuroepithelial cells were found to express one of these proteins, NF-M, generations before the existence of any postmitotic neuroblasts (Days 1-2 1/2 of incubation). NF-L and NF-H could not be detected. Not all primordial brain regions contained NF-M-positive cells, but in those that did, every cell was positive. These regions included the dorsal forebrain, optic vesicles, and dorsal hindbrain, but not the dorsal midbrain. All cells in all regions of the cephalic neural tube contained vimentin, whether or not they also contained NF-M. This NF M expression was transient in the sense that later generations of these NF-M positive neuroepithelial cells became NF-M negative, before finally giving rise to some descendents that ultimately express all three NF proteins. This transient NF-M expression was found in certain other cells of early embryos, including cardiac myoblasts. The identity of the component in these early neural and nonneural tissues, that bound the antibody, was demonstrated to be identical to adult brain NF-M by one- and two-dimensional immunoblots. These findings demonstrate an unusual kind of biochemical heterogeneity among neuroepithelial cells, and they are relevant to considerations regarding lineage analysis and lineage "markers" in the vertebrate central nervous system. PMID- 3917413 TI - The morphology, physiology, and neural projections of supernumerary compound eyes in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Supernumerary compound eyes in Drosophila melanogaster produced by the extra eye (ee) mutation were analyzed with regard to their morphology, physiology, and neural projections. Electron and light microscopy revealed that large extra eyes often possess the normal complement of compound-eye cell types and that these cells usually have standard fine structure. In addition, the array of photoreceptor cell rhabdomeres within individual supernumerary ommatidia is standardly trapezoidal, and ommatidial subpopulations having mirror-image configurations of their rhabdomeric trapezoids are separated by an equator in extra eyes. Light stimulation of supernumerary eyes can elicit photoreceptor depolarization potentials as evidenced by electroretinographic recordings from them. In addition, extra-eye photoreceptor cells have a functional pupillary response to light stimulation. Although the supernumerary eyes can be functionally and anatomically standard, examination of serial, silver-stained sections of extra-eye heads has shown that their photoreceptor axons seldom innervate the brain. This situation obtains even in a case in which the normal, ipsilateral compound eye was removed by the eyeless mutation. In contrast, rare supernumerary antennae occasionally found in ee stocks have receptor cells whose axons innervate ventral brain. In addition to duplications of cuticular epithelia, extra glial cells, muscle fibers, and ocellar interneurons are sometimes found in extra-eye bearing flies. Discussion of these results focuses on a polarity guidance hypothesis which models the growth of adult photoreceptor axons into the brain during normal development. PMID- 3917412 TI - An analysis of dopa decarboxylase expression during embryogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Dopa decarboxylase (DDC) activity appears near the end of embryogenesis in Drosophila. High titers of 20-OH-ecdysone on the other hand are found at midembryogenesis. Several explanations for this lag were investigated, since this hormone has been shown to induce a rapid increase in DDC activity at pupariation (G. P. Kraminsky, W. C. Clark, M. A. Estelle, R. D. Gietz, B. A. Sage, J. D. O'Connor, and R. B. Hodgetts, 1980, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77, 4175-4179). Using immunological and genetical criteria, it was shown that the same structural gene encodes DDC in embryos, mature larvae, and young adults. This rules out the existence of a distinct embryonic DDC gene unresponsive to 20-OH-ecdysone. Second, no evidence was found to support the hypothesis that a delay in the translation of DDC transcripts, produced in response to the elevated titer of 20 OH-ecdysone at midembryogenesis, caused the lag. Northern analysis of the RNA molecules homologous to cloned genomic sequences revealed that DDC transcripts were present at two different times during embryogenesis. A transcript was found in both ovaries and 0- to 2-hr embryos. However, this species disappeared by 4 hr and DDC transcript levels remained low until late in embryogenesis, when a significant increase occurred. This increase was presumably responsible for the appearance of the enzyme at this time. The northern blotting revealed nine DDC transcript species were present during embryogenesis and hybridization to intron specific probes indicated that five of these contained at least part of one (or both) of the two introns. Three putative mature mRNA species were identified by their small size, relative abundance, apparent lack of intron sequence, and their presence on polysomes. The two mature species found during the late stages were postulated to differ in the length of their poly(A)+ tails. The third mature species was found only in ovaries and very young embryos and may well be of maternal origin. Data are examined in light of the possibility that this species is derived from a precursor initiated at a novel promotor. PMID- 3917414 TI - Transdetermination in the homeotic eye--antenna imaginal disc of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - The effects of homeotic mutations on transdetermination in eye-antenna imaginal discs of Drosophila melanogaster were studied. After 12 days of culture in vivo, antenna discs transformed to ventral mesothorax by AntpNs or AntpZ, transdetermined to notum and wing structures four to five times more frequently than the corresponding wild-type antenna discs. Likewise, eye discs transformed to dorsal mesothorax by eyopt transdetermined to leg structures, also extremely frequently (90%). It seems that, during culture, homeotic antenna as well as homeotic eye discs tend to complete the structural inventory of the mesothoracic segment. Transdetermination in the homeotic disc parts is interpreted as a regeneration process which reestablishes an entire segment, i.e., the ventral mesothoracic portion (leg) in the antenna disc regenerates dorsal mesothoracic parts, and the dorsal mesothoracic portion in the eye disc (wing) regenerates ventral mesothoracic parts, respectively. This implies that antenna and leg discs (ventral qualities) as well as eye and wing discs (dorsal qualities) are serially homologous. The transdetermination frequency of the untransformed eye disc to notum and wing structures is enhanced by Antp to the same extent as is the transdetermination frequency of the antenna disc. The first allotypic wing disc structure formed by the eye disc is notum, followed by structures of the anterior wing compartment and finally by posterior wing structures. No evidence for such a sequence was found in the transdetermination pattern of the antenna disc. PMID- 3917415 TI - Characterization of a Ca2+-stimulated lipid peroxidizing system in the sea urchin egg. AB - Addition of calcium chloride to an egg homogenate of Strongylocentrotus purpuratus stimulates O2 consumption which is not inhibited by millimolar cyanide. Results strongly suggest that Ca2+-stimulated O2 consumption is at least partially the result of polyunsaturated fatty acid oxidation. First, addition of arachidonic acid (AA), or other polyunsaturated fatty acids, to the homogenate enhance Ca2+-stimulated O2 consumption; this enhancement, by AA, being coupled to its oxidation to a hydroxy fatty acid. Second, calcium stimulates a lipase activity in the homogenate that is capable of releasing free fatty acids. Third, Ca2+-stimulated O2 consumption and AA oxidation have virtually identical calcium requirements and pH optima. The sequence of events then is that upon calcium addition to the homogenate, lipase activity is increased which liberates free fatty acids. At the same time calcium also activates a polyunsaturated fatty acid oxygenase, possibly lipoxygenase, that converts the free fatty acids to hydroxy fatty acids. The possible physiological importance of this reaction is underscored by the high affinity for Ca2+ [approximately 10(-7)M], an ion known to increase above the required levels at fertilization. The pH activity profile also suggests possible physiological modulation because a pH change of 6.8 increasing to 7.2, as suggested to occur after fertilization, yields almost a twofold increase in O2 consumption. Egg homogenates from many other invertebrate species have the ability to oxidize AA in a Ca2+-dependent fashion. For the investigated species, the presence of Ca2+-stimulated O2 consumption and AA oxidation correlates with the presence of cyanide insensitive respiration in the intact egg. PMID- 3917416 TI - Fertilization stimulates lipid peroxidation in the sea urchin egg. AB - Arachidonic acid is rapidly taken-up by Strongylocentrotus purpuratus eggs and eventually incorporated into cellular lipids. During the first few minutes following fertilization the arachidonic acid that has not been incorporated into other lipid forms is oxidized to a hydroxy-fatty acid. In vivo, the time of arachidonic acid conversion coincides with the transient period of increased intracellular free calcium after fertilization. In vitro, this lipid peroxidizing activity has been shown to be initiated by micromolar calcium. Taken together with the presence of Ca2+-stimulated lipase, these results suggest that calcium regulates both the release of polyunsaturated fatty acids from cellular lipids and their subsequent oxidation. The physiological function of lipid hydroxides or hydroperoxides in sea urchin fertilization is unknown. A possibility is that they may be important in regulating the many membrane permeability changes occurring within minutes after fertilization. PMID- 3917417 TI - Expression of a neurofilament protein by the precursors of a subpopulation of ventral spinal cord neurons. AB - The expression of neurofilament proteins (NF-H, NF-M, and NF-L) in replicating neuroepithelial cells and postmitotic neuroblasts in the embryonic chick trunk neural tube was examined by immunohistochemistry. Anti-NF-M, in particular, resulted in bright staining of some mitotic cells, which were found to be strictly localized to a midventral and an extreme dorsal position in the neural tube. Those in the midventral position were observed with greatest frequency during Days 3 and 4 of incubation and became increasingly rare thereafter. During the same period of time, and in the same small ventral region, NF-M-positive interphase cells, presumably migrating postmitotic neuroblasts, were also present. In contrast, NF-L-positive mitotic cells were rarely seen. NF-L-positive migrating and differentiating neuroblasts were observed throughout the ventral half of the neural tube except in the midventral area containing NF-M-positive mitotic cells and NF-M-positive migrating neuroblasts. These results, together with known temporal and spatial patterns of neurogenesis in the spinal cord, suggest that the expression of NF-L and NF-M, in the form recognized by our antibodies, may not be initiated coordinately, or even in the same sequence, in different types of neuroblasts, and that only the immediate precursors of a specific subpopulation of ventral spinal cord neurons begin expressing NF-M in the terminal cell cycle. In addition, the NF-M-positive mitotic cells, when observed in anaphase and telophase, had NF-M-positive material associated with both emerging daughter cells and the migrating neuroblasts were frequently found in closely associated pairs, consistent with the suggestion that these precursor cells undergo a symmetrical terminal division to yield two daughter postmitotic neuroblasts. PMID- 3917418 TI - Patterns of gastrointestinal hemorrhage in hemophilia. AB - Peptic ulcer has been reported to be the cause of bleeding in 53%-85% of hemophiliacs with gastrointestinal hemorrhage (GIH). The management of GIH in hemophiliacs during the past decade has been affected by the availability of plasma concentrates, an increasing occurrence of chronic liver disease, and widespread use of endoscopic procedures. To determine the present patterns of GIH, we reviewed our experience at the Hemophilia Center of Western Pennsylvania during the last 10 yr. Twenty-five (10.3%) of 243 hemophiliacs experienced 41 episodes of GIH. The severity of hemophilia and a history of retroperitoneal hemorrhage were significant risk factors for GIH. Duodenal ulcer (22%), unknown site (22%), and gastritis (14%) were the three most common diagnoses. The use of fiberoptic endoscopy resulted in the recognition of diagnoses such as gastritis, esophagitis, Mallory--Weiss syndrome, and esophageal varices. Red cell transfusion requirements of hemophiliacs with GIH were no different than those of nonhemophiliacs with GIH (p greater than 0.05). The amount of factor VIII replacement used by hemophiliacs with GIH correlated with the severity of gastrointestinal bleeding (p less than 0.01), but not with the cause of gastrointestinal bleeding (p greater than 0.05). In conclusion, hemophiliacs develop GIH secondary to a variety of causes as do nonhemophiliacs. Fiberoptic endoscopy, after correction of factor VIII level to 0.40 U/ml, is a safe and valuable diagnostic procedure in hemophiliacs. The specific etiology of GIH in hemophiliacs should be aggressively sought and appropriate specific therapy provided. PMID- 3917419 TI - Synthesis and intracellular processing of sucrase-isomaltase in rat jejunum. AB - To examine directly the synthesis and intracellular processing of rat intestinal sucrase-isomaltase, [3H]leucine-labeled enzyme was solubilized from purified microsomal and microvillus fractions, immunoprecipitated, and analyzed. Immunologic identity between the microsomal and microvillus forms of the enzyme was demonstrated. Time-course studies using both intravenous and intraluminal labeling demonstrated an initial peak of microsomal sucrase-isomaltase labeling at 30 min followed by a sharp decline, and a subsequent rise in microvillus sucrase-isomaltase labeling, suggesting a precursor-product relationship. Fluorography and quantitative analysis of electrophoresed immunoprecipitates confirmed these results, and revealed the presence of two high molecular weight proteins in the microsomes. Susceptibility of the smaller high molecular weight precursor to cleavage with endo-beta-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase H indicated that this was the initially synthesized form of the glycoprotein. These data are consistent with the membrane flow hypothesis and the single polypeptide model suggested for sucrase-isomaltase synthesis. PMID- 3917422 TI - Washington in 1985: focus on saving Medicare. PMID- 3917420 TI - Concentration of selenium in plasma and erythrocytes during total parenteral nutrition in Crohn's disease. AB - Plasma- and erythrocyte-selenium concentrations were determined in five consecutive patients with Crohn's disease given preoperative total parenteral nutrition - nil per os - for a mean period of 34 days per patient. No blood components were administered during the total parenteral nutrition. Before the total parenteral nutrition the plasma-selenium level and, to a less extent, the erythrocyte-selenium levels were below the reference values. After three weeks of total parenteral nutrition both concentrations had fallen. There were, however, clinical and biochemical signs of improvement during the total parenteral nutrition, as indicated by an increase in body weight, P-albumin and P transferrin. In one female patient given 39 days of preoperative total parenteral nutrition containing 0.06 mumol (5 micrograms) selenium per 24 h the decreasing levels of plasma-selenium and erythrocyte-selenium were both correlated to the duration of the total parenteral nutrition (r = 0.87 and 0.96, respectively). The results suggest that total parenteral nutrition patients may be at risk for selenium deficiency, and that a supplementary administration of selenium via total parenteral nutrition may be required. PMID- 3917421 TI - The cyclophosphamide, hexamethylmelamine, 5 fluorouracil (CHF) regimen in the treatment of advanced and recurrent ovarian cancer. AB - Fifty-one patients with advanced ovarian carcinoma were treated with a combination of cyclophosphamide, hexamethylmelamine, and 5-fluorouracil, CHF. Compared to the hexamethylmelamine, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and 5 fluorouracil (Hexa-CAF) regimen, the omission of methotrexate in CHF did not detract from its antitumor activity and it was well tolerated with only mild to moderate toxicity. The CHF combination was as effective as Hexa-CAF and was particularly active in patients who had nonmeasurable/residual disease, classified as less than 2 cm in its greatest diameter at the initiation of chemotherapy. In future studies, CHF should be prospectively compared to other combination using Adriamycin and cis-platinum that with extended use can cause renal and cardiac damage in long-term survivors. PMID- 3917423 TI - Donald Young, M.D.: assessing PPS. PMID- 3917424 TI - Ranks of DRG coordinators on the rise. PMID- 3917425 TI - Interaction of Mycoplasma pneumoniae with erythrocyte glycolipids of I and i antigen types. AB - The role of sialoglycolipids (gangliosides) as receptors for the human pathogen Mycoplasma pneumoniae was investigated by using purified gangliosides of known carbohydrate structures as inhibitors of the binding of 51Cr-labeled erythrocytes to sheet cultures of M. pneumoniae. We found that sialoglycolipids with long carbohydrate backbones of the poly-N-acetyllactosamine type were more potent inhibitors of M. pneumoniae binding than those with short carbohydrate chains. This is in accord with earlier inhibition data for glycoproteins and oligosaccharides. Thus, the inhibitory activity of a fraction of bovine erythrocyte gangliosides containing long backbone structures of I antigen type was approximately 200 times greater than that of the short chain gangliosides GM3 and GT1b. The binding of M. pneumoniae to erythrocytes of I and i antigen types was found to be comparable, indicating that M. pneumoniae in its adhesive specificity may not distinguish between the branched carbohydrate backbones of I type and the linear structures of i type. Thus, the production of autoantibodies to the backbone structures of I type rather than i type after infection with this agent may simply reflect a greater abundance of branched carbohydrate receptors of I type on the surface of host cells with which the mycoplasma forms immunogenic complexes. PMID- 3917426 TI - Cytotoxicity of human serum for Leishmania donovani amastigotes: antibody facilitation of alternate complement pathway-mediated killing. AB - Mechanisms that mediate recovery from leishmanial infection have not been fully characterized but are generally believed to involve interactions between T lymphocytes and macrophages. A major role for serum-mediated effector mechanisms in the protection of humans from reinfection with Leishmania, however, has not been ruled out. In this report, amastigotes of L. donovani were incubated with dilutions of serum from normal subjects and from patients with kala-azar. Normal serum was cytotoxic for parasites at a dilution of greater than or equal to 1:20. Cytotoxicity did not occur in the presence of EDTA, was abolished by heating serum to 56 degrees C for 30 min, and was not diminished by prior adsorption of normal serum with parasites at 0 degree C. Killing proceeded normally in the presence of magnesium-ethylene glycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N, N-tetraacetic acid, however, and was fully effected by C2-deficient serum. These studies indicated that killing of amastigotes, unlike that of promastigotes, was mediated via the alternate pathway of serum complement. In further studies, cytotoxicity of normal serum was enhanced three- to fivefold by factors in patient serum. This enhanced cytotoxicity also proceeded via the alternate complement pathway. Factors that enhanced cytotoxicity were characterized as parasite-specific immunoglobulin G: they eluted with immunoglobulin G on column chromatography, were adsorbed by immobilized staphylococcal protein A, and were not removed from the parasite surface by extensive washing. Thus, infection of individuals with L. donovani resulted in the production of a new, qualitatively and quantitatively distinct immune mechanism directed against the amastigote form of the parasite, namely, antibody-directed, alternate complement pathway-mediated cytotoxicity. These results provide a mechanistic framework for a role of humoral factors in human resistance to reinfection with L. donovani. PMID- 3917427 TI - Effects of anthrax toxin components on human neutrophils. AB - The virulence of Bacillus anthracis has been attributed to a tripartite toxin composed of three proteins designated protective antigen, lethal factor, and edema factor. The effects of the toxin components on phagocytosis and chemiluminescence of human polymorphonuclear neutrophils were studied in vitro. Initially, it was determined that the avirulent Sterne strain of B. anthracis (radiation killed) required opsonization with either serum complement or antibodies against the Sterne cell wall to be phagocytized. Phagocytosis of the opsonized Sterne cells was not affected by the individual anthrax toxin components. However, a combination of protective antigen and edema factor inhibited Sterne cell phagocytosis and blocked both particulate and phorbol myristate acetate-induced polymorphonuclear neutrophil chemiluminescence. These polymorphonuclear neutrophil effects were reversible upon removal of the toxin components. The protective antigen-edema factor combination also increased intracellular cyclic AMP levels. These studies suggest that two of the protein components of anthrax toxin, edema factor and protective antigen, increase host susceptibility to infection by suppressing polymorphonuclear neutrophil function and impairing host resistance. PMID- 3917429 TI - Non-lithium-induced renal failure with secondary lithium toxicity: case reports. AB - Two manic-depressive patients are described who presented with acute renal failure and concurrent lithium toxicity. In both cases the etiology of the renal failure was not a direct result of the use of lithium. Controversy concerning the nephrotoxicity of lithium is discussed, and recommendations for the evaluation of renal failure during lithium therapy are provided. PMID- 3917428 TI - Competitive exclusion of uropathogens from human uroepithelial cells by Lactobacillus whole cells and cell wall fragments. AB - Previous studies have shown that indigenous bacteria isolated from cervical, vaginal, and urethral surfaces of healthy women are able to adhere to human uroepithelial cells in vitro. Furthermore, these organisms were found to block the adherence of uropathogenic bacteria to uroepithelial cells from women with and without a history of urinary tract infections. In the present study, complete or partial inhibition of the adherence of gram-negative uropathogens was achieved by preincubating the uroepithelial cells with bacterial cell wall fragments isolated from a Lactobacillus strain. Competitive exclusion was most effective with whole viable cells and less effective with cell wall fragments obtained by sonication, extraction with sodium dodecyl sulfate, and treatment with sodium dodecyl sulfate and acid. Analysis of the Lactobacillus cell wall preparations suggested that lipoteichoic acid was responsible for the adherence of the Lactobacillus cells to uroepithelial cells but that steric hindrance was the major factor in preventing the adherence of uropathogens. This conclusion was also supported by blockage studies with reconstituted lipoteichoic acid peptidoglycan, which was more effective at blocking adherence than lipoteichoic acid or peptidoglycan alone. The results suggest that the normal flora of the urinary tract may be used to protect against the attachment of uropathogens to the surfaces of uroepithelial cells. The long-term implications of these findings may lead to alternative methods for the management and prevention of recurrent urinary tract infections in females. PMID- 3917430 TI - Elevated serum bromide in patients taking lithium carbonate. AB - Serum bromide levels were determined for 20 patients receiving lithium carbonate for manic depressive illness. Bromides averaged 17.06 +/- 8.15 mg/dl, which exceeded the control average of 3.22 +/- 3.2 mg/dl. Elevated serum bromide in patients taking lithium may reflect altered renal function. PMID- 3917431 TI - Monoclonal antibodies against human DNA polymerase-alpha inhibit DNA replication in permeabilized human cells. AB - Monoclonal neutralizing antibodies against DNA polymerase-alpha substantially inhibit nuclear DNA replication in lysolecithin-permeabilized cultured human fibroblasts. The degree of inhibition of DNA synthesis is proportional to antibody concentration, and the effect is specific in that RNA synthesis measured under the same experimental conditions is unperturbed. Autoradiographic data demonstrate that the magnitude of the inhibition measured in the mass culture reflects the uniform response of all the constituent cells in the target population. These observations confirm the participation of DNA polymerase-alpha in replicative DNA synthesis and identify a versatile, novel approach to the dissection of mammalian processes of DNA replication and repair. PMID- 3917432 TI - A membrane-bound phospholipase C with an apparent specificity for lysophosphatidylinositol in porcine platelets. AB - A membrane preparation from porcine platelets catalyzed the hydrolysis of [2 3H]glycerol-labeled lysophosphatidylinositol to form monoacylglycerol and inositol phosphates. The hydrolysis was optimal at pH 9. The addition of Ca2+ did not enhance the hydrolysis, but the enzyme was inhibited completely by EGTA. The EGTA-inactivated enzyme was partially reactivated by Ca2+; Mn2+, Mg2+, and Zn2+ were much less effective or ineffective for the reactivation. The phospholipase C was apparently specific for lysophosphatidylinositol; phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, lysophosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidic acid, and lysophosphatidic acid were not hydrolyzed at significant rates under the conditions used. Phospholipase C with these properties has not been reported previously. PMID- 3917433 TI - Insulin action in denervated skeletal muscle. Evidence that the reduced stimulation of glycogen synthesis does not involve decreased insulin binding. AB - The motor nerves to rat soleus and epitrochlearis muscles were sectioned 1-3 days before the muscles were incubated in vitro to assess insulin action and binding. The hormonal stimulation of [U-14C]glucose into glycogen in both muscles was decreased by over 80% after 3 days of denervation. Associated with the reductions in glycogen synthesis were losses in the ability of insulin to activate glycogen synthase. Even so, denervated and control muscles bound the same amounts of 125I labeled insulin over a wide range of insulin concentrations. Scatchard analysis indicates that denervation changed neither receptor numbers nor affinities. The results presented strongly suggest that the loss of the ability of insulin to stimulate glycogen synthesis following denervation is the result of a postreceptor defect. PMID- 3917435 TI - Chromosomal assignments of genes coding for components of the mixed-function oxidase system in mice. Genetic localization of the cytochrome P-450PCN and P 450PB gene families and the nadph-cytochrome P-450 oxidoreductase and epoxide hydratase genes. AB - Filter-hybridization studies show that major phenobarbital and pregnenolone 16alpha-carbonitrile-inducible cytochrome P-450 mRNAs in rats were encoded by members of separate, distinct gene families. These gene families are genetically divergent from each and show no cross-hybridization, even under low-stringency conditions. Furthermore, sequences contained in the P-450PB and P-450PCN gene families map to separate chromosomes of the mouse genome. Using mouse X Chinese hamster somatic cell hybrids (EBS cell lines), all distinguishable P-450PCN sequences were found to map to chromosome 6, whereas all P-450PB sequences were located on chromosome 7. Our data support the proposition that the region of the Coh locus on chromosome 7 is the site of the cytochrome P-450PB gene family. The presence of gene families for the cytochromes P-450 occurs in many mammalian species and is likely an important part of the mechanism by which the mixed function oxidase system is capable of recognizing and metabolizing such a wide array of endogenous and foreign compounds. Conversely, NADPH-cytochrome P-450 oxidoreductase appears to be encoded in many vertebrate species by a single gene and is located on chromosome 6 of the mouse. Corroboratory data are presented to show that the Eph-1 locus on chromosome 1 is the site of at least one microsomal epoxide hydratase gene. PMID- 3917434 TI - Synthesis of apolipoprotein A1 in skeletal muscles of normal and dystrophic chickens. AB - We recently observed that, around the time of hatching, chick skeletal muscles synthesize and secrete apolipoprotein A1 (apo-A1) at high rates and that reinitiation of synthesis of this serum protein to high levels occurs in mature chicken breast muscle following surgical denervation (Shackelford, J. E., and Lebherz, H. G. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 7175-7180; 14829-14833). In the present work we investigate the effect of avian muscular dystrophy on the synthesis of apo-A1 in chicken muscles. The relative rate of synthesis of apo-A1 and levels of apo-A1 RNA in mature dystrophic breast (fast-twitch) muscle were about 6-fold higher than normal, while synthesis of apo-A1 in breast muscles derived from 2 day-old dystrophic chicks was close to normal. These observations suggest that the elevated apo-A1 synthetic rate in mature dystrophic breast muscle results from a failure of the diseased tissue to "shut down" apo-A1 synthesis to the normal level during postembryonic maturation. Apo-A1 synthesis in the "slow twitch" lateral adductor muscle of dystrophic chickens was found to be normal. Our work is discussed in terms of the apparent similarities between the effects of surgical denervation and muscular dystrophy on the protein synthetic programs expressed by chicken skeletal muscles. PMID- 3917436 TI - Biosynthesis of cholestanol from bile acid intermediates in the rabbit and the rat. AB - Biliary 7 alpha-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one (an intermediate in bile acid biosynthesis) may be 7 alpha-dehydroxylated in the gut and further metabolized to cholestanol (Skrede, S., and Bjorkhem, I. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 8363-8367). We have now evaluated the quantitative importance of pathway(s) to cholestanol with 7 alpha-hydroxylated C27 steroids as intermediates. After feeding conventionally fed rabbits or rats or germ-free rats with [7 alpha-3H]cholesterol and [4-14C]cholesterol, tissue cholestanol could be isolated with about a 20% lower 3H/14C ratio than present in cholesterol. We conclude that there is a pathway to cholestanol involving 7 alpha-hydroxylated intermediates. Intestinal microorganisms are not essential for this pathway, which accounts for at most 20% of the cholestanol formed in these species. In bile fistula rats, there was also a significant conversion of intraperitoneally injected [7 beta-3H]7 alpha hydroxycholesterol and [4-14C]7 alpha-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one into cholestanol. The enzymes involved in the 7 alpha-hydroxylation/dehydroxylation pathway for the biosynthesis of cholestanol are probably located in the liver. Both 7 alpha hydroxycholesterol and 7 alpha-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one may be intermediates. PMID- 3917437 TI - Immunocytochemical demonstration of ecto-galactosyltransferase in absorptive intestinal cells. AB - Galactosyltransferase immunoreactive sites were localized in human duodenal enterocytes by the protein A-gold technique on thin sections from low temperature Lowicryl K4M embedded biopsy specimens. Antigenic sites detected with affinity purified, monospecific antibodies were found at the plasma membrane of absorptive enterocytes with the most intense labeling appearing along the brush border membrane. The lateral plasma membrane exhibited a lower degree of labeling at the level of the junctional complexes but the membrane interdigitations were intensely labeled. The labeling intensity decreased progressively towards the basal part of the enterocytes and reached the lowest degree along the basal plasma membrane. Quantitative evaluation of the distribution of gold-particle label proved its preferential orientation to the outer surface of the plasma membrane. In addition to this membrane-associated labeling, the glycocalyx extending from the microvillus tips was heavily labeled. Occasionally, cells without plasma membrane labeling were found adjacent to positive cells. The demonstration of ecto-galactosyltransferase on membranes other than Golgi membranes precludes its general use as a marker for Golgi membrane fractions. The possible function of galactosyltransferase on a luminal plasma membrane is unclear at present, but a role in adhesion appears possible on the basolateral plasma membrane. PMID- 3917438 TI - The response of several murine embryonal carcinoma cell lines to stimulation of differentiation by alpha-difluoromethylornithine. AB - In an attempt to better establish the relationship between polyamine levels and the differentiation of embryonal carcinoma cells, we have examined the ability of alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), a known inducer of differentiation in one embryonal carcinoma cell line, to stimulate the differentiation of embryonal carcinoma cells from a variety of cell lines. Differentiation was monitored using a variety of criteria including morphological alterations and changes in biochemical and antigenic parameters. Depending on their response to difluoromethylornithine, three classes of cell lines could be identified, those which 1) differentiate extensively, 2) differentiate poorly, and 3) fail to differentiate. Three different classes of embryonal carcinoma cell lines reflect differential changes in polyamine levels resulting from inhibition of ornithine decarboxylase enzyme activity by DFMO. The specific cell lines which exhibit large decreases in both ornithine decarboxylase activity and polyamine levels also show extensive differentiation. The cell lines which show only moderate decreases in enzyme activity and polyamines differentiate poorly while the cell lines which fail to respond to DFMO in that polyamines do not drop below the threshold level necessary to induce differentiation fail to differentiate. These studies suggest that decreases in intracellular polyamines induce EC cell differentiation in vitro. PMID- 3917439 TI - Distribution of insulin receptors between plasmalemma and intracellular compartments: effect of amino acids. AB - Insulin receptor regulation was studied in the rat erythroblastic leukemic (EBL) cell in primary culture. After 1-2-hr incubations in medium containing 12 essential amino acids, glutamine, and serine, EBL cell protein synthesis and insulin receptor concentrations were increased compared to cells incubated without serine. Deficiency of medium isoleucine in the presence of serine rapidly decreased protein synthesis and insulin binding to intact cells. Supplementation of deficient media with serine or isoleucine had no effect on total insulin receptor numbers measured in solubilized cell preparations. Increased insulin binding following serine exposure was seen with binding assays at both 4 and 37 degrees C. Dissociation experiments to quantitate intracellular ligand after 37 degrees C binding assays showed increased in both surface binding and intracellular [125I]insulin accumulation. These data combined with previous observations suggest that amino acids essential for this cell are required for the rapid synthesis of a labile regulatory protein which facilitates the redistribution and/or recycling of insulin receptors. PMID- 3917440 TI - Newer imaging techniques in pediatric practice. PMID- 3917441 TI - DRGs, cost containment, and our vocation. PMID- 3917442 TI - 'Virtue from beyond the seas'. PMID- 3917443 TI - Approach to the patient with constipation. PMID- 3917444 TI - Penile carcinoma. PMID- 3917446 TI - An elderly man with a swollen elbow and fever. PMID- 3917445 TI - Girth increase, sudden pain in a cardiac patient. PMID- 3917447 TI - Anorgasmy in diabetic women. PMID- 3917448 TI - Chromosomal translocations, oncogenes, and B-cell tumors. PMID- 3917449 TI - ST-segment elevation in a heart transplant recipient. PMID- 3917450 TI - Developmental considerations in neonatal failure. PMID- 3917451 TI - A problem that should not have happened. PMID- 3917452 TI - An AIDS patient who died too soon. PMID- 3917453 TI - Parkinson disease. Individualizing therapy. PMID- 3917454 TI - Effects of growth hormone-releasing factor on growth hormone secretion in acromegaly. AB - Twenty-nine patients with acromegaly (8 untreated and 21 previously treated in various ways) and 16 normal men were given iv bolus doses of human pancreatic tumor GH-releasing factor (hpGRF-40). Twenty-five of the 29 patients responded to hpGRF-40 with elevations of plasma GH. The magnitude of the responses varied widely. Responses of untreated patients were generally similar to those of the normal subjects. Previously treated patients had a significantly lower response than normal individuals [change in GH, 7.5 +/- 1.8 vs. 42.0 +/- 11.0 ng/ml (mean +/- SEM); P less than 0.01], and 4 patients who had received radiation therapy failed to respond to hpGRF-40. There was no significant correlation between the magnitude of the response and patients' age, sex, baseline GH levels, GH responsiveness of TRH, or GH suppression after oral glucose administration. Patients studied both pre- and postoperatively were responsive to hpGRF-40 at all times tested, but the magnitude of the response decreased after successful surgical removal of the adenoma. Thus, most patients with treated or untreated acromegaly respond to hpGRF-40, but their responses do not clearly distinguish them from normal subjects. GH-releasing hormone testing is unlikely to replace other endocrine tests available for the diagnosis and evaluation of acromegaly. PMID- 3917455 TI - Gonadotropin-releasing hormone pulsatile administration restores luteinizing hormone pulsatility and normal testosterone levels in males with hyperprolactinemia. AB - Hyperprolactinemia in men is frequently associated with hypogonadism. Normalization of serum PRL levels is generally associated with an increase in serum testosterone (T) to normal. To determine the mechanism of the inhibitory effect of hyperprolactinemia on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, we studied the effect of intermittent pulsatile GnRH administration on LH pulsatility and T levels in four men with prolactinomas. All patients had high PRL values (100-3000 ng/ml), low LH (mean +/- SEM, 2.2 +/- 0.1 mIU/ml), and low T values (2.3 +/- 0.3 ng/ml), with no other apparent abnormality of pituitary function. GnRH was administered iv using a pump delivering a bolus dose of 10 micrograms every 90 min for 12 days. No LH pulses were detected before treatment. Pulsatile GnRH administration resulted in a significant increase in basal LH levels (6.7 +/- 0.6 mIU/ml; P less than 0.001) and restored LH pulsatility. In addition, T levels increased significantly to normal values in all patients (7.8 +/- 0.4 ng/ml; P less than 0.001) and were normal or supranormal as long as the pump was in use, although PRL levels remained elevated. These data, therefore, suggest that hyperprolactinemia produces hypogonadism primarily by interfering with pulsatile GnRH release. PMID- 3917456 TI - Idiopathic growth hormone (GH) deficiency, and GH deficiency secondary to hypothalamic germinoma: effect of single and repeated administration of human GH releasing factor (hGRF) on plasma GH level and endogenous hGRF-like immunoreactivity level in cerebrospinal fluid. AB - Plasma GH responses to iv administered synthetic human GH-releasing factor-(1-44) NH2 (hGRF) and the concentration of endogenous hGRF-like immunoreactivity (hGRF LI) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were examined in 16 children with GH deficiency (GHD). Ten patients had idiopathic GHD, and six had GHD secondary to germinoma. An iv bolus hGRF (1 microgram/kg BW) injection test was performed the day before and the day after treatment, with a daily 1-h iv infusion of hGRF (2 micrograms/kg BW) for 3 days. Plasma GH increases (greater than 5 ng/ml) after the first iv bolus injection of hGRF occurred in 2 of the 10 idiopathic GHD children and in 4 of the 6 GHD patients with germinoma whereas the first bolus hGRF injection failed to elicit GH release in the remaining 10 patients. The mean +/- SEM peak plasma GH level after the first bolus hGRF dose in the patients with germinoma (8.2 +/- 2.2 ng/ml) was significantly higher than that in the idiopathic GHD patients (2.9 +/- 0.9 ng/ml; P less than 0.05), but significantly lower than that in normal children with short stature (18.5 +/- 2.5 ng/ml; P less than 0.05). In the 2 patients with germinoma and in 5 of the 8 idiopathic GHD children who did not respond to the first hGRF bolus dose, a significant plasma GH response to hGRF occurred during a daily iv infusion of hGRF for 3 consecutive days, whereas the remaining 3 idiopathic GHD children failed to respond to the daily hGRF infusions. The plasma GH response after the second hGRF bolus dose given after treatment with daily hGRF infusions for 3 days was not different from that after the first hGRF bolus in patients with germinoma or that in the idiopathic GHD children. hGRF-LI was not detected (less than 5.8 pg/ml) in the CSF in any of 5 patients with germinoma, whereas it was present in 5 idiopathic GHD patients (mean, 17.5 +/- 0.9 pg/ml), 3 of whom were nonresponders to daily hGRF infusions. From these results, GHD secondary to destruction of hypothalamic GRF neurons might be defined by the following findings: 1) lack of a GH response to the standard provocative tests acting through the hypothalamus; 2) significant increase in plasma GH after a single bolus and/or repetitive iv administration of hGRF; and 3) undetectable or extremely low levels of endogenous hGRF-LI in the CSF. Most of the idiopathic GHD patients responded to the repetitive hGRF infusion, suggesting insufficient secretion of hypothalamic hGRF as the primary defect. However, since hGRF-LI was detectable in the CSF in some of the idiopathic GHD patients, its pathogenesis must be multifactorial. PMID- 3917457 TI - The effect of free fatty acids on growth hormone (GH)-releasing hormone-mediated GH secretion in man. AB - The effect of FFA on GH-releasing hormone (GHRH)-mediated secretion of GH was examined in six normal young men. Three of the men were infused with 250 ml of a lipid-heparin solution at 1.67 ml/min for 150 min, and the other three were given an equivalent volume of saline in the same manner. Thirty minutes after the start of infusion, 100 micrograms GHRH (the 44-amino acid form) were injected iv, and plasma GH and FFA were measured. One week later, the same men participated in an identical experiment, but the ones who had received lipid-heparin previously were given saline and vice versa. In both experiments, plasma FFA increased to 2.25 +/ 0.16 meq/liter (mean +/- SEM) 60 min after the start of lipid-heparin infusion, whereas FFA levels did not change significantly in the saline-treated group. Mean plasma GH levels reached peak concentrations in both groups 30 min after GHRH treatment. However, the peak GH response when lipid-heparin was given was significantly diminished (8.4 +/- 1.7 ng/ml), compared with the peak response when saline was given (28.9 +/- 7.1 ng/ml). These data suggest that plasma FFA elevations induced by lipid-heparin infusion inhibit GH secretion induced by GHRH. PMID- 3917458 TI - Effect of dexamethasone on growth hormone (GH) response to growth hormone releasing hormone in acromegaly. AB - The effect of dexamethasone on the GH response to GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) was studied in vivo in six patients with acromegaly as well as in vitro in monolayer cultures of GH-secreting pituitary tumor cells obtained from three of these patients. Oral administration of 9 mg/day dexamethasone for 2 days decreased plasma GH responses to iv injection of 100 micrograms GHRH-(1-44 amide) in all six patients. Blood glucose levels were significantly increased, while plasma somatomedin-C levels were significantly decreased by this regimen of dexamethasone treatment. On the other hand, 2-day pretreatment with 50 nM dexamethasone of monolayer cultures of pituitary adenoma cells potentiated GH release basally and/or in response to 100 pM to 1 nM GHRH in vitro. These results indicate that the potentiating action of 2-day treatment of dexamethasone in vitro is overwhelmed in vivo by some extra-pituitary action, probably on the central nervous system, of glucocorticoids in patients with acromegaly. PMID- 3917459 TI - X-chromosome-linked inheritance of the variant thyroxine-binding globulin in Australian aborigines. AB - The inheritance of quantitative changes in serum T4-binding globulin (TBG; reduced or elevated serum levels) and electrophoretic variants of TBG have been shown to be X-chromosome linked. However, it recently was suggested that another TBG variant, widely distributed in the Australian Aborigine population, may be inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. This communication deals with studies directed to the elucidation of the mode of inheritance of the Aboriginal variant TBG. By measuring the rate of denaturation of TBG at 56 C, we identified three distinct types of TBG in Australian Aborigines. One was a relatively heat-stable TBG (mean t1/2, 58.0 min; range, 68-53 min; group A), indistinguishable from TBG in caucasians (mean t1/2, 55.1; range, 67-43); another was a heat-labile TBG (mean t1/2, 20.8 min; range, 23.7-18.4 min; group C); and a third had intermediate values (mean t1/2, 35.7 min; range, 39.5-30.6 min; group B). Serum samples from the latter group belonged exclusively to women. Assuming that individuals from group A were homozygous for the caucasian type TBG (TBGCC), those from group C were homozygous for the Aboriginal variant of TBG (TBGAA), and individuals from group B were heterozygous (TBGCA), gene frequencies were calculated for the product of TBGC and TBGA, and the incidence of expected genotypes was compared to that observed. The results are compatible with X chromosome, but not autosomal, inheritance, with a gene frequency of TBGC of 0.4118 and of TBGA of 0.5882. The ability to identify individuals who are heterozygous for the Aboriginal variant TBG confirmed that the structural gene of TBG in man is located on the X-chromosome. PMID- 3917460 TI - Evidence for a limited growth hormone (GH)-releasing hormone (GHRH)-releasable quantity of GH: effects of 6-hour infusions of GHRH on GH secretion in normal man. AB - Human GH-releasing hormone [hGHRH-40 (GHRH)] stimulates GH release in a dose dependent fashion when administered as single iv bolus doses or as continuous 90 min infusions. However, there has been variability in the GH responses, and it appears that there are waxing and waning effects of GHRH. To address whether these are a result of the dose of GHRH, time, or intermittent changes in sensitivity of the somatotrophs, we administered 6-h infusions of vehicle and different doses of GHRH to six normal men. In addition, an iv bolus injection of GHRH was given after 5.5 h of infusion to evaluate residual GH secretory capacity. The subjects were given infusions of either vehicle or GHRH (1, 3.3, and 10 ng/kg X min), followed by an iv bolus injection of 3.3 micrograms/kg on four separate occasions. GHRH infusions stimulated GH secretion compared to basal secretion. The changes from basal GH secretion (mean +/- SEM) were 2.0 +/- 1.6, 4.6 +/- 1.5, 12.7 +/- 5.1, and 8.2 +/- 1.8 ng/ml X h during the vehicle and GHRH (1, 3.3, and 10 ng/kg X min) infusions, respectively. The changes from basal GH secretion for 2 h after the iv bolus dose (after 5.5 h of infusion) were 33.3 +/- 8.7, 22.4 +/- 3.8, 14.0 +/- 3.6, and 10.5 +/- 2.0 ng/ml X h on the vehicle and GHRH (1, 3.3, and 10 ng/kg X min) infusion days, respectively. The magnitude of the GH response was inversely related to the GHRH infusion dose. The total amount of GH released during the 7.5-h study periods was not different among the vehicle and 3 GHRH infusion days. Thus, it appears that a finite amount of GH is released by GHRH. There was variability in the degree of responsiveness to the continuous infusions of GHRH. Surges of GH release occurred during the GHRH infusions, which may be attributed to intermittent secretion of a GH inhibitor, such a somatostatin. PMID- 3917461 TI - Presence of growth hormone-releasing factor-like immunoreactivity in human cerebrospinal fluid. AB - Immunoreactive human growth hormone-releasing factor (I-hGRF) in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was measured by radioimmunoassay using antiserum specific to the C-terminal portion of hGRF(1-44)NH2. Dilution curves of I-hGRF in the CSF were completely parallel to that of synthetic hGRF(1-44)NH2 standard. On Sephadex G-50 column chromatography a single peak of I-hGRF in the CSF was eluted at the position of synthetic hGRF(1-44)NH2. I-hGRF was present in the CSF of all control patients without any endocrine disease (mean +/- SE, 29.3 +/- 2.0 pg/ml) whereas I-hGRF in the CSF was not detectable (less than 5.8 pg/ml) in any of the patients with hypothalamic germinoma. In all patients with idiopathic GH deficiency, I-hGRF in the CSF was measurable but its concentration (15.1 +/- 1.0 pg/ml) was significantly (p less than 0.05) lower than that in the control subjects. No difference in I-hGRF levels of the CSF was observed between patients with acromegaly and control subjects. These findings demonstrate for the first time that I-hGRF is present in human CSF. Measurement of I-hGRF in the CSF may be useful for understanding the pathophysiology of hypothalamo-pituitary diseases. PMID- 3917463 TI - Rehabilitating the severely malnourished infant and child. AB - The failure of public health measures to control protein-energy malnutrition means that continued therapeutic, curative programs for the rehabilitation of severely malnourished infants and children will be needed for the foreseeable future. Successful rehabilitation requires an understanding of the biology of malnutrition and of the dietary guidelines for provision of appropriate formulas. It is important to recognize that protein-energy malnutrition represents a metabolically and physiologically adapted state but that full recuperation entails compensatory weight gain for recovery of the expected weight for height and body composition. Overzealous early feeding is to be avoided; protein- and energy-rich diets must be introduced gradually and sustained to provide the nutrients necessary for rapid catch-up growth. Therapy involves a three-stage process of addressing acute problems, restoring nutrient balance, and ensuring nutritional rehabilitation. Despite intestinal changes due to malnutrition, intact milk provides a suitable protein source for formulation of recovery diets. As long as protein-energy malnutrition remains prevalent, research to improve its treatment will remain a high investigative priority. PMID- 3917462 TI - Dynamics of interaction between complement-fixing antibody/dsDNA immune complexes and erythrocytes. In vitro studies and potential general applications to clinical immune complex testing. AB - Soluble antibody/3H-double-stranded PM2 DNA (dsDNA) immune complexes were briefly opsonized with complement and then allowed to bind to human erythrocytes (via complement receptors). The cells were washed and subsequently a volume of autologous blood in a variety of media was added, and the release of the bound immune complexes from the erythrocytes was studied as a function of temperature and time. After 1-2 h, the majority of the bound immune complexes were not released into the serum during blood clotting at either 37 degrees C or room temperature, but there was a considerably greater release of the immune complexes into the plasma of blood that was anticoagulated with EDTA. Similar results were obtained using various conditions of opsonization and also using complexes that contained lower molecular weight dsDNA. Thus, the kinetics of release of these antibody/dsDNA immune complexes differed substantially from the kinetics of release of antibody/bovine serum albumin complexes that was reported by others. Studies using the solution phase C1q immune complex binding assay confirmed that in approximately half of the SLE samples that were positive for immune complexes, there was a significantly higher level of detectable immune complexes in plasma vs. serum. Freshly drawn erythrocytes from some SLE patients exhibiting this plasma/serum discrepancy had IgG antigen on their surface that was released by incubation in EDTA plasma. Thus, the higher levels of immune complexes observed in EDTA plasma vs. serum using the C1q assay may often reflect the existence of immune complexes circulating in vivo bound to erythrocytes. PMID- 3917464 TI - Efficacy of prenatal nutrition counseling: weight gain, infant birth weight, and cost-effectiveness. AB - A retrospective study on the effect of intensive nutrition counseling on weight gain of pregnant women and birth weight of their infants was conducted at an outpatient clinic by comparing one group of 86 women who attended only a nutrition class with another group of 114 women who attended the class plus multiple counseling sessions on appropriate weight gain and nutrient intake. The women receiving the counseling on an average gained 2.5 kg more weight, had fewer low-birth-weight infants (4% vs. 13%), and had infants weighing 100 gm more at birth. That indicates that intensive nutrition counseling results in a superior outcome of pregnancy. When the cost of intensive neonatal care for six infants was compared with the cost of nutrition counseling, a benefit-to-cost ratio of 1:5 was found. PMID- 3917465 TI - Management of urinary incontinence in Veterans Administration nursing homes. AB - Nursing Home Care Units in Veterans Administration Medical Centers across the country were surveyed to determine methods of management of urinary incontinence (UI) in the nursing home (NH) setting. Information was obtained from 90 of the VA NHs on demographic aspects of the NH population, prevalence and severity of urinary and fecal incontinence, common problems encountered, and specific strategies and techniques. Written guidelines for bladder training and catheter care from many of the NHs were analyzed. The results of the survey reinforce the need for research designed to improve the care of the incontinent NH patient. PMID- 3917466 TI - An analysis of the heterogeneity of U.S. nursing home patients. AB - Research has shown that the nursing home patient population is quite heterogeneous in terms of both individual patient characteristics and service needs. Furthermore, existing administrative classifications do a poor job of representing this heterogeneity. As a consequence we have conducted an analysis of the individual and service characteristics of two types of patients represented in the National Nursing Home Survey of 1977 (i.e., patients whose primary source of payment was Medicare and patients whose primary payment source was not Medicare). In this analysis we identified patterns of individual characteristics within the two patient groups and showed how these patterns related to their service needs. The logic of the model permitted us both to establish patterns of characteristics within the two payment types and to examine the implications of individual heterogeneity remaining in the classification. This makes the methodology useful both as a research tool for understanding the nature of the nursing home population and as a tool for studying the consequences of various classification schemes for questions of identifying service patterns and needs as well as the evaluation of policy options. PMID- 3917467 TI - Immunocytochemical localization of carbonic anhydrase in the spinal cords of normal and mutant (shiverer) adult mice with comparisons among fixation methods. AB - The peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique was used for immunocytochemical localization of carbonic anhydrase in the mouse spinal cord to detect whether this antigen was normally present in myelinated fibers, in oligodendrocytes in both white and gray matter, and in astrocytes, and to determine where the carbonic anhydrase might be localized in the spinal cords of dysmyelinating mutant (shiverer) mice. The most favorable methods for treating tissue were: 1) immersion in formalin-ethanol-acetic acid followed by paraffin embedding, or 2) light fixation with paraformaldehyde and preparation of vibratome sections. Carnoy's solution, followed by paraffin embedding, extracted myelin from the tissue, while aqueous aldehydes, when used before paraffin embedding, reduced staining everywhere except at sites of compact myelin. The latter conclusion was based, in part, on the almost complete loss of this antigen from the shiverer cord, where compact myelin is known to be virtually absent but where membrane bound carbonic anhydrase was demonstrated enzymatically. When the optimal methods were used with normal mouse cords, carbonic anhydrase was found throughout the white matter columns and in the oligodendrocytes in gray and white matter. The staining of the white matter was attributed to myelinated fibers because of the similarity in distribution to both a histological myelin stain and the immunocytochemical staining for myelin basic protein. In the mutant mice the oligodendrocyte cell bodies and processes, which were stained in all areas of the spinal cord, were particularly numerous at the periphery of the sections. In contrast to the oligodendrocytes, the fibrous astrocytes appeared to lack carbonic anhydrase, or to have lower than detectable levels, since the astrocyte marker, glial fibrillary acidic protein, had a very different distribution from that of carbonic anhydrase. Even finer localization was obtained in vibratome sections, where the antibody against carbonic anhydrase permitted visualization of the processes connecting oligodendrocytes to myelinated fibers in the normal adult spinal cord. PMID- 3917468 TI - Stimulated rat T cell-derived inhibitory factor for cellular DNA synthesis (STIF). I. Isolation and characterization. AB - A lymphokine inhibitory for cellular DNA synthesis (termed STIF) was isolated from the culture supernatants of concanavalin A (Con A)-stimulated SD rat spleen cells. STIF inhibited the DNA synthesis of mouse bone marrow cells as well as mouse leukemia cells. STIF has an apparent m.w. of 45,000 to 50,000 and is separable from IL 2, m.w. 20,000 to 25,000, by Sephacryl S-200 gel filtration, but not from immune interferon (IFN) having the same m.w. as STIF. Con A Sepharose chromatography of the fraction containing STIF and IFN could separate these lymphokines into Con A-unbound and Con A-bound fractions, respectively. Further fractionation of the STIF fraction by DEAE-Sephadex A-50 or Mono Q-FPLC anion exchange chromatography indicated that the STIF fraction contained two components of STIF activity, both showing the same pI value (5.1 to 5.6) on flat bed isoelectric focusing. STIF was characterized as a sugar-free lymphokine of trypsin-sensitive protein nature. PMID- 3917469 TI - Serologic and topographic characterization of idiotopes on murine monoclonal anti streptococcal group A carbohydrate antibodies. AB - We have employed five spectrotypically distinct monoclonal anti-variable region antibodies in the definition and characterization of a set of idiotopes expressed on murine monoclonal antibodies specific for streptococcal group A carbohydrate (GAC). By evaluating which of a panel of monoclonal anti-GAC antibodies were bound by the various anti-idiotopes, we observed four distinct reactivity profiles for the five anti-idiotopes ranging from highly restricted (binding of the homologous anti-GAC monoclonal antibody only) to broadly cross-reactive (binding of 18 of the 38 IgG3 anti-GAC antibodies). With N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and soluble GAC used as haptens, this spectrum of reactivity profiles was paralleled by a gradient of susceptibility to hapten inhibition of anti-idiotope binding to idiotope. The degree of cross-reactivity exhibited by a given anti idiotope was found to be inversely related to its susceptibility to hapten inhibition. The topographic relationships among the idiotopes, defined by the results of competitive binding assays, were suggestive of a linear idiotope map spanning the variable region from the antigen-binding site to the vicinity of the constant region. Additional data from competitive inhibition assays with isolated and recombined H and L chains from a prototype monoclonal anti-GAC antibody (HGAC 39), and from isoelectric focusing of whole or reduced and alkylated HGAC 39, suggested that one of the idiotopes was located, at least primarily, on the VL domain. PMID- 3917470 TI - Molecular species of platelet-activating factor generated by human neutrophils challenged with ionophore A23187. AB - Two species of platelet-activating factor (PAF), 1-hexadecyl- and 1-octadecyl-2 acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (C16 = 0 AGEPC and C18 = 0 AGEPC) were detected in ionophore A23187-stimulated human neutrophils. The amount of AGEPC in 1 x 10(7) neutrophil cells was 80 +/- 26 pmol (mean +/- standard error) with a range of 14 to 223 pmol (n = 8), and it consisted of 80% of the C16 = 0 species and 20% of the C18 = 0 species. Most of the AGEPC derived from ionophore-treated neutrophils remained cell associated rather than being secreted into the medium, even when the medium contained ample albumin protein, which can trap AGEPC. These results were obtained by a technique of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry coupled with selected ion monitoring. PMID- 3917471 TI - Activation of the 5-lipoxygenase pathway in E-mast cells by peanut agglutinin. AB - Mouse E-mast cells were differentiated and grown by culturing bone marrow cells in medium containing WEHI-3-conditioned medium. These cells possess surface receptors to the following agglutinins: peanut (PNA), concanavalin A (Con A), and soybean (Sb). One to 200 micrograms of PNA/10(6) E-mast cells selectively stimulated the generation of leukotriene C4 (LTC4) in the absence of beta hexosaminidase release. Exposure of 10(6) E-mast cells to 1 to 200 micrograms Con A or Sb had no effect either on preformed mediator release or on the generation of leukotrienes. LTC4 was quantitated by integrated UV absorbance after resolution by reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatography. The optimum release of LTC4 (13.2 ng/10(6) cells) was achieved by 50 micrograms of PNA/10(6) cells. The response is characterized by the inhibition by excess amounts of PNA. The amount of LTC4 generated during optimal PNA stimulation is lower than the amount produced after stimulation by IgE-antigen or by calcium ionophore A23187 (19.8 ng and 148 ng, respectively). The release of LTC4 began within 5 min after PNA stimulation, and reached a plateau within 45 to 60 min at 37 degrees C. This kinetic pattern is similar to that observed after calcium ionophore A23187 stimulation of these cells. The results suggest that PNA is capable of selectively activating the 5-lipoxygenation of arachidonic acid without affecting beta-hexosaminidase secretion. Apparently, separate biochemical events may serve to mobilize each class of mediators. PMID- 3917472 TI - The association of various D elements with a single-immunoglobulin VH gene segment: influence on the expression of a major cross-reactive idiotype. AB - A large fraction of the anti-p-azophenylarsonate antibodies of strain A/J mice share a major cross-reactive idiotype (IdCR). Structural analysis of monoclonal antibodies expressing this idiotype (IdCR+) indicates that a particular combination of variable region gene segments (Vk, Jk, VH, D, and JH) encodes the variable regions of the light and heavy chains of these IdCR+ antibodies. With the use of serologic methods, hybridoma cell lines have been isolated that produce monoclonal antibodies lacking IdCR determinants (IdCR-), but that are derived from most of the same combination of variable region gene segments that encode IdCR+ monoclonal antibodies. Structural analysis of these IdCR- monoclonal antibodies demonstrates that they are very homologous to each other and to IdCR+ monoclonal antibodies with respect to VH and VL sequences, but are markedly different from IdCR+ monoclonal antibodies in their utilization of D region segments. Comparisons of antigen avidity of these IdCR+ and IdCR- antibodies indicates that conservation of D region structure is not crucial for effective antigen binding. These results indicate the importance of the D region in idiotypy in the IdCR system and demonstrate the variation permitted in D region structure while maintaining antigen recognition. PMID- 3917473 TI - Mouse IgD half molecules with shortened IgD heavy chain result from alterations within C delta locus. AB - An unusually small (51 KD) IgD myeloma protein was isolated from secretions of TEPC 1017 generation (gen) 24. The delta-chain mRNA and the delta-chain gene in this tumor were compared with those of TEPC 1017 of earlier generations. The gen 24 protein contained one normal-sized kappa-type light chain (21 KD) and one unusually short delta-heavy chain (30 KD). The delta-heavy chain was 15 KD shorter than that of TEPC 1017 of earlier generations, owing to a delta-mRNA (1.15 kb) which was 600 bp shorter than that of TEPC 1017 of earlier generations. TEPC 1017 is a tetraploid tumor, and the gen 24 appears to contain at least two different deletions on different chromosomes. The short mRNA was produced from one of these altered delta-chain genes which had a productive VDJ rearrangement but which had lost the C delta 3 domain and perhaps the C delta H domain as well. Despite these genetic insults, RNA splicing produced delta-mRNA with secreted termini and mRNA with membrane-binding termini. It is suggested that the mouse C delta gene has an unusual predilection for deletions because it normally lacks any vestige of C delta 2 and, during i.p. passage, it suffered further deletions or alterations. PMID- 3917475 TI - Leu-11+ lymphocytes with natural killer (NK) activity are precursors of recombinant interleukin 2 (rIL 2)-induced activated killer (AK) cells. AB - Precursors of activated killer (AK) cells cytotoxic for human noncultured metastatic melanoma and colon carcinoma were characterized. These cells required 3 days incubation with recombinant interleukin 2 (rIL 2) and DNA synthesis for the induction of AK activity. Both negative and positive cell purification methods were used to identify the subpopulation of cells containing AK precursors. By complement-mediated cell depletion studies, AK precursors were largely present in the Leu-11+ fraction, and to a much lesser extent in the Leu 7+ and Leu-2a+ fractions; they were absent in Leu-3a+ and Leu-4+ cells. Lymphocyte subpopulations were then purified with a cell sorter to positively select for the subset containing AK precursors. Leu-11+ cells had the highest level of AK activity and proliferative response when cultured for 3 days with rIL 2 as well as the highest level of NK activity before culture. Leu-7+ cells had neither AK activity nor a proliferative response when cultured with rIL 2, although they still possessed high NK activity. The same levels of AK and NK activity were found in Leu-2a+ and Leu-2a- fractions, but both activities were absent among Leu-4+ and Leu-3a+ cells. Further fractionation with a two-step sorting technique showed that the highest AK activity resided in the Leu-7-Leu 11+ cell fraction. Morphologically, this subfraction was granular lymphocytes. Titration experiments or rIL 2-responsive cells showed that the number of cells required to achieve a comparable level of rIL 2 proliferative response were as follows: 35 X 10(3) cells from unseparated PBL, 10 X 10(3) cells from Leu-11+ cells, 3.3 X 10(3) from Leu-7-Leu-11+ cells, and 640 X 10(3) cells from Leu-7+ cells. These results indicate that the lymphocyte subpopulation that proliferates in the presence of rIL 2 and then develops AK activity was a subpopulation of Leu 11+ granular lymphocytes, which also possessed the highest NK activity. These Leu 11+ cells lacked the antigens defined by the Leu-7, Leu-3a, or Leu-4 antibodies. Although Leu-7+ cells did not respond to rIL 2 by themselves, they may play a role in the induction of AK activity. PMID- 3917474 TI - Induction of proliferation in vitro of resting human natural killer cells: expression of surface activation antigens. AB - In this report, we show that resting human peripheral blood NK cells, positively enriched with antibody B73.1, can be induced to proliferate in vitro in short term cultures, and newly express membrane activation antigens. B73.1+ NK cells, cultured for 6 days in the presence of conditioned medium containing IL 2 and irradiated B lymphoblastoid cells, show significant [3H]TdR incorporation beginning on day 4. At that time, a large proportion of the cells express HLA-DR and 4F2 antigens, and transferrin and IL 2 receptors, all detectable at high density by indirect immunofluorescence with the use of monoclonal antibodies. These cells maintain their ability to lyse target cells spontaneously or in the presence of antibodies. By two-color immunofluorescence and cell cycle analysis combined with indirect immunofluorescence, we demonstrate directly that the activation antigens are expressed on all NK (B73.1+) cells in the S/G2/M phases of the cell cycle, and on only a proportion of those in the G0/G1 phases. PMID- 3917476 TI - Isolation and functional analysis of human B cell populations. I. Characterization of the B1+B2+ and B1+B2- subsets. AB - Distinct populations of human B lymphocytes can be identified by their expression and/or co-expression of the B cell-restricted antigens B1 and B2. Dual fluorochrome staining and flow cytometric cell sorting permitted the isolation of the B1+B2+ and B1+B2- cells to homogeneity. In contrast, very few B1-B2+ cells were obtainable from normal lymphoid organs. Virtually all B1+B2+ cells expressed IgM and IgD, but lacked IgG and the plasma cell antigens PCA-1 and PC-1, whereas the B1+B2- cells more frequently expressed IgG, PCA-1 and PC-1. Both populations were noncycling and were composed of similar percentages of small and large cells. The B1+B2+ cells proliferate to anti-mu or to anti-mu + PHA-LCM, but not to PHA-LCM alone. They require both T cells and PWM to produce Ig. In contrast, B1+B2-cells do not significantly proliferate to anti-mu, PHA-LCM, or anti-mu and PHA-LCM. They produce Ig in response to T cells alone without PWM. These phenotypic and functional observations provide preliminary evidence that these populations are distinct and that the B1+B2+ cell may be a "resting" B cell, whereas the B1+B2- cell appears to be more "differentiated." The present studies further suggest that they will also be helpful in characterizing B cells in some human disease states. We believe that the identification and isolation of these and similar subsets of B cells defined by differing cell surface phenotype should aid our understanding both of normal B cell differentiation and of B cell disease states. PMID- 3917477 TI - Three distinct antigen systems on human B cell subpopulations as defined by monoclonal antibodies. AB - Three novel antigen systems (L22, L23, and L24) expressed on human B cell subpopulations were identified by using TB1-2C3, TB1-2B3, and TB1-3C1 monoclonal antibodies, respectively. L22 was expressed on a minor subpopulation of B cells in human lymphoid tissues and in the peripheral blood. These B cells associated with L22 were resting small B cells mainly located in the mantle zone of lymphoid follicles, most of which also expressed IgM and IgD on their cell membrane. This antigen was absent from all cultured hemopoietic cell lines including B cell derived cell lines as well as from all human B cell malignancies, except for B cell-type chronic lymphocytic leukemia and hairy cell leukemia. L23 and L24, on the other hand, existed on approximately two-third of B cells in blood and lymphoid tissues. These L23 and L24 antigens were expressed largely on small lymphocytes located in the mantle zone of lymphoid follicles and to a lesser extent on large blastic cells within lymphoid germinal centers. L23 and L24, like L22, seem to disappear from B cells during their differentiation into antibody secreting cells, because they were not expressed on normal and neo-plastic plasma cells. This is additionally confirmed by the observation that L23 and L24 were expressed little or not at all on pokeweed mitogen-activated and Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B cells, and were absent from some of B cell malignancies that have been thought to correspond to the later stages of B cell development. Although L23, but not L22 and L24, was faintly expressed on mature granulocytes and monocytes, none of L22, L23, or L24 existed on human thymus and T cells. Immunoprecipitation studies showed that L23 and L24 were different molecular species consisting of a single glycoprotein with m.w. of 205,000 and 145,000, respectively. L22 antigen is presently under study. PMID- 3917479 TI - Epidermal cells synthesize a cytokine with interleukin 3-like properties. AB - Interleukin 3 (IL 3) is produced by T lymphocytes and T cell lines (EL 4), as well as by a monomyelocytic cell line (WEHI 3), and it activates lymphocytes as well as mast cells. Recently we have demonstrated that epidermal cells (EC) perform monocyte/macrophage-like functions through the release of an interleukin 1-like immunomodulating mediator (EC-derived thymocyte activating factor; ETAF. Because mast cells predominantly are located in the skin, in the present study we investigated whether EC in addition to ETAF may produce IL 3. Normal as well as transformed keratinocytes were able to secrete an IL 3-like mediator (EC IL 3) that induces the proliferation of IL 3-dependent cell lines. Furthermore, both EC IL 3 and WEHI IL 3 have a similar m.w. of 30,000. In addition, an antibody against IL 3 also blocked EC IL 3 activity, suggesting that these molecules appear to be very similar. EC IL 3 production was greatly enhanced by the addition of concanavalin A, phorbol myristate acetate, lipopolysaccharide, and silica. Factor production was completely blocked by inhibiting protein synthesis. These findings demonstrate that keratinocytes synthesize an additional cytokine with the biologic and biochemical properties of IL 3, but distinct from ETAF. Thus, through the production of EC IL 3, EC may participate in the activation of mast cells and thereby mediate inflammatory as well as hypersensitivity reactions. PMID- 3917478 TI - Enhanced response to Con A and production of TCGF by lymphocytes of obese strain (OS) chickens with spontaneous autoimmune thyroiditis. AB - The mitogenic response to Con A and the production of T cell growth factor or interleukin 2 (IL 2) by splenic and peripheral blood lymphocytes of obese strain (OS) chickens with spontaneous autoimmune thyroiditis have been investigated. By using an optimized method with Con A-coated chicken erythrocytes (MRC), lymphocytes of OS chickens were found to exhibit significantly elevated mitogenic responses as compared with cells from either Normal White Leghorn chickens (NWL) or animals of the Cornell C-Strain (CS), from which the OS has originally been developed. This difference was observed throughout ontogeny up to 15 mo of age, and was associated with increased levels of IL 2 activity in the culture supernatants. The elevated responsiveness of OS T lymphocytes was also found to be manifested in the expression of receptors for IL 2, because Con A-stimulated lymphocytes of OS birds were significantly more effective than those from normal controls in absorbing IL 2 activity from conditioned media (CM) of stimulated spleen cells. High concentrations of CM were suppressive in IL 2 assays, signaling the presence of an inhibitory factor(s) in addition to IL 2. An additional indication for defective immunoregulation was that CM from OS lymphocyte cultures showed significantly less of this suppressive activity in comparison with CM of normal (NWL and CS) lymphocyte cultures. Finally, the spontaneous uptake of 125IUdR of embryonic and early post hatching OS spleen lymphocytes was consistently and significantly enhanced. This difference, however, in contrast to the one observed in Con A responses, was found to decrease with age. The data are discussed in view of the contradictory results concerning T cell functions reported for several autoimmune states in mammals. PMID- 3917481 TI - Interleukin 2-mediated events in gamma-interferon production are calcium dependent at more than one site. AB - Both leukotrienes and dibutyryl cyclic GMP can replace the interleukin 2 (IL 2) requirement for gamma-interferon (gamma-IFN) production. In this study, the Ca dependence of the IL 2 help was demonstrated by blockage of gamma-IFN production by the Ca blocker Mn, and the competitive reversal of this block by Ca. Neither leukotriene C4 nor dibutyryl cyclic GMP could reverse the Mn block, which suggests that arachidonic acid release from phospholipids is not the only Ca dependent event in IL 2 help for gamma-IFN production. A role for calmodulin or protein kinase C in the IL 2-mediated events was suggested by the blockage of gamma-IFN production by chlorpromazine. Relatively high concentrations of Ca were able to replace the IL 2 helper effects. Consistent with this were Ca influx experiments that showed that IL 2 helper signals for gamma-IFN production involved activation of a Ca channel. PMID- 3917482 TI - Effect of B cell differentiation factor (BCDF) on biosynthesis and secretion of immunoglobulin molecules in human B cell lines. AB - Stimulation of human B lymphoblastoid cell lines, CESS and SKW6-CL4 with BCDF induced an increase in IgG- and IgM-secreting cells, as well as a slight increase in IgG and IgM expression on their respective surfaces. Biosynthetic labeling demonstrated that BCDF stimulation induced an increase in synthesis of secretory gamma- and mu-chains, as well as their precursors. A slight but significant increase in synthesis of membrane-bound gamma- and mu-chains and their precursors was also observed by BCDF stimulation. However, an increase in synthesis of secretory heavy chains was much higher than that in membrane-bound heavy chains in both cell lines. Pulse-chase experiments showed that increased synthesis of secretory heavy chains was not due to a decrease in degradation. BCDF stimulation induced a preferential increase in mRNA specific for secretory gamma- and mu chains in CESS and SKW6-CL4 cells, respectively. These results suggest that BCDF induces an increase in the level of mRNA specific for secretory heavy chains, and then induces final maturation of B cells into immunoglobulin-secreting cells. PMID- 3917483 TI - Point-source outbreak of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in a family unit. PMID- 3917480 TI - Activation of virus specific CTL clones: antigen-dependent regulation of interleukin 2 receptor expression. AB - Interleukin 2 (IL 2) is a lymphocyte-specific growth hormone, whose effect on lymphocyte proliferation is exerted through a cell surface receptor expressed on activated lymphocytes. In this report we have used monoclonal antibodies directed to the murine IL 2 receptor to examine the regulation of the IL 2 receptor expression on cloned populations of influenza virus-specific CTL. The CTL clones, which are dependent on both specific antigenic stimulation and exogenous IL 2 for continuous in vitro propagation, express high levels of the IL 2 receptor shortly after antigenic stimulation (day 2 or 3). Over the next 5 to 8 days of in vitro cultivation in IL 2-containing medium, these cloned CTL cells express decreasing levels of IL 2 receptor. Concomitant with this fall in IL 2 receptor expression, the cells become refractory to the IL 2 proliferative stimulus. The cloned cells remain refractory to IL 2 until specifically stimulated by antigen, which induces high levels of the IL 2 receptor on the cells and renders the cells sensitive to IL 2 once again. These results support the concept that IL 2 receptor expression on activated T lymphocytes is transitory and that receptor expression is endogenously regulated in the activated T lymphocytes. These results also suggest that antigen plays a primary role in regulating T lymphocyte proliferation by maintaining IL 2 receptor levels. PMID- 3917485 TI - The effects of hypothermia on neutrophil function in vitro. AB - Hypothermia may be associated with compromised host defenses and serious bacterial infections in man. We have examined the effects of moderate hypothermia (29 degrees C) on neutrophil function in vitro. At 29 degrees C, neutrophil phagocytosis of Staphylococcus aureus was impaired. In contrast, neutrophil killing of Streptococcus faecalis was most affected by hypothermia. Phagocytosis, as measured by neutrophil ingestion of opsonized oil-red-O-particles, was reduced at 29 degrees C over the 15 min of observation. Neutrophil metabolism linked to bactericidal pathways dependent on oxidative metabolism was reduced at 29 degrees C. Hexose monophosphate pathway (HMP) activity in neutrophils early after stimulation with latex particles was reduced. After 2 hr HMP activity was similar at 29 degrees C and 37 degrees C. Neotetrazolium dye reduction was reduced early after latex stimulation of neutrophils and after 30 min it was similar to cells at 37 degrees C. Leukocyte migration under agarose to bacterial-derived and formyl-methionyl-phenylalanine chemotactic factors was reduced by 50% and 70%, respectively. Migration to serum-derived chemotactic factor was reduced by only 20%. When cells were cooled to 29 degrees C for 30 to 90 min and rewarmed, neutrophil function was normal. These effects of hypothermia on neutrophil function may explain, in part, the increased incidence of serious and frequently fatal bacterial infections in man. PMID- 3917484 TI - Opsonophagocytosis of Neisseria gonorrhoeae: interaction of local and disseminated isolates with complement and neutrophils. AB - The phagocytosis of serum-sensitive (SS) and serum-resistant (SR) gonococci by neutrophils was examined. SS strains were more rapidly and completely ingested and killed than were SR strains (8.8% +/- 3.4% vs. 64.4% +/- 7.7% survival at 30 min [P less than .005]) in C8-deficient serum or C8-depleted normal serum. Opsonic requirements of the two types of isolates differed. Heat-labile and stable serum factors played an important role in the phagocytosis of SS but not SR strains. Indeed, killing of SR strains by polymorphonuclear neutrophils did not vary over a 1,000-fold change in serum concentration. SS strains consumed and fixed C3 more rapidly and in greater amounts than did SR strains (83.3% +/- 17.4% vs. 20.8% +/- 5.0% at 10 min [P less than .01]). However, this difference in C3 consumption and fixation did not completely account for the difference in phagocytosis because killing of SS strains was still greater than that of SR strains under conditions of equal C3 fixation. PMID- 3917486 TI - A solid-phase enzyme immunoassay in detection of cervical gonorrhea in a low prevalence population. AB - An evaluation of a solid-phase enzyme immunoassay (Gonozyme) for detection of gonococcal antigen in cervical swab specimens was undertaken in 504 asymptomatic women undergoing routine gynecologic examination. The immunoassay was positive in all seven women with culture-proven gonorrhea. Negative immunoassay results were obtained in 482 of the 497 women with negative cultures (97.0 percent specificity). The enzyme immunoassay's performance equals or exceeds that of other rapid alternative methods of diagnosing cervical gonorrhea such as Gram stain or limulus lysate assay. Its usefulness, however, is limited by less than 100 percent specificity, particularly in low-prevalence populations. More studies are needed to ascertain the performance of both this immunoassay and modified Thayer-Martin culture techniques in diagnosing cervical gonorrhea in low prevalence populations. PMID- 3917488 TI - Depolarisation-dependent protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation in rat cortical synaptosomes is modulated by calcium. AB - The effect of calcium on protein phosphorylation was investigated using intact synaptosomes isolated from rat cerebral cortex and prelabelled with 32Pi. For nondepolarised synaptosomes a group of calcium-sensitive phosphoproteins were maximally labelled in the presence of 0.1 mM calcium. The phosphorylation of these proteins was slightly decreased in the presence of strontium and absent in the presence of barium, consistent with the decreased ability of these cations to activate calcium-stimulated protein kinases. Addition of calcium alone to synaptosomes prelabelled in its absence increased phosphorylation of a number of proteins. On depolarisation in the presence of calcium certain of the calcium sensitive phosphoproteins were further increased in labelling above nondepolarised levels. These increases were maximal and most sustained after prelabelling at 0.1 mM calcium. On prolonged depolarisation at this calcium concentration a slow decrease in labelling was observed for most phosphoproteins, whereas a greater rate and extent of decrease occurred at higher calcium concentrations. At 2.5 mM calcium a rapid and then a subsequent slow dephosphorylation was observed, indicating two distinct phases of dephosphorylation. Of all the phosphoproteins normally stimulated by depolarisation, only phosphoprotein 59 did not exhibit the rapid phase of dephosphorylation at high calcium concentrations. Replacing calcium with strontium markedly decreased the extent of change observed on depolarisation whereas barium decreased phosphorylation changes even further. Taken together these data suggest that an influx of calcium into synaptosomes initially activates protein phosphorylation, but as the levels of intrasynaptosomal calcium rise protein dephosphorylation predominates. Other phosphoproteins were dephosphorylated immediately on depolarisation in the presence of calcium. The fine control of protein phosphorylation levels exerted by calcium supports the idea that the synaptosomal phosphoproteins could play a role in modulating events such as neurotransmitter release in the nerve terminal. PMID- 3917487 TI - Biological markers for schizophrenia and the biological high-risk approach. AB - This review examines two putative biological markers for schizophrenia: reduced blood platelet monamine oxidase (MAO) activity and impaired smooth pursuit eye movements. Studies of these biological markers among patient samples are presented, including their theoretical background, measurement, genetics, validity, and specificity of the markers for schizophrenia, and the artifacts that might lessen their utility. These results are then compared with those from the biological high-risk research strategy, which selects nonpatient volunteers solely on the basis of a deviant marker, and then examines the clinical, psychological, and biological correlates of the marker. The results of these studies suggest that low platelet MAO activity is not an adequate marker for schizophrenia but is associated with characteristics related to hypomanic behavior and sensation seeking. Smooth pursuit eye tracking impairment, in contrast, seems to be directly associated with schizophrenia-related traits, such as the negative symptoms found among chronic schizophrenics, or with the characteristics observed in the biological relatives of schizophrenics. Finally, the implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 3917489 TI - Alkenylhydrolase: a microsomal enzyme activity in rat brain. AB - Rat brain microsomes have the capacity to liberate radioactive free aldehydes from 1-[1-14C]alk-1'-enyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (lysoplasmalogen). Glycerophosphoethanolamine was found using 1-alk-1'-enyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho [3H]ethanolamine. The ratio of both products released by lysoplasmalogenase action was 1:1. Another enzymic activity could be demonstrated, which hydrolyzes lysoplasmalogen at the hydrophilic part of the molecule, a lysophospholipid phosphodiesterase. Thus, 1-[1-14C]alk-1'-enylglycerol was detected as well as [3H]ethanolamine, again in a molar ratio, from the respective labeled substrates. This enzyme possesses nearly the same affinity toward the substrate as lysoplasmalogenase. Whereas the lysophospholipid phosphodiesterase is totally inhibited in the presence of NaF or EDTA, lysoplasmalogenase activity is not affected by these reagents. 1-[1-14C]Alk-1'-enylglycerol acts also as substrate for lysoplasmalogenase, which liberates radioactive aldehydes at the same rate as from lysoplasmalogen. Because the apparent Km and Vmax values are nearly identical for both substrates, the enzyme activities are inhibited in the same way, and the pH optimum is about 7.2 in both cases, it is concluded that both substrates were attacked by the same enzyme. The enzyme does not differentiate between a substrate substituted at the sn-3 position of glycerol and one that is not. It requires only a free OH group at the sn-2 position. Phosphoethanolamine phosphatase activity was also determined under our experimental conditions. PMID- 3917490 TI - Desipramine binding: relationship to central and sympathetic noradrenergic activity. AB - We examined the effects of treatments affecting norepinephrine release on the number of norepinephrine reuptake recognition sites as reflected by desipramine binding. To do this, we used manipulations having similar presynaptic but contrasting postsynaptic effects. Presynaptic inhibition by 6-hydroxydopamine lesion or by clonidine, and postsynaptic receptor stimulation by isoproterenol, reduced desipramine binding. Presynaptic stimulation by d-amphetamine and postsynaptic receptor blockade by prazosin increased desipramine binding. Similar effects and binding properties were seen in cerebral cortex, heart, and soleus muscle. After unilateral noradrenergic lesions, reduction in desipramine binding correlated with reduction in norepinephrine uptake. These results show that norepinephrine reuptake appears to be regulated by transmitter release regardless of effects on postsynaptic transmission, and that this regulation is analogous in the central and sympathetic nervous systems. PMID- 3917491 TI - Endogenous inhibitor of ligand binding to the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor. AB - An endogenous inhibitor of L-[3H]quinuclinidinyl benzilate binding to the brain muscarinic acetylcholine receptor was identified. [3H]Quinuclinidinyl benzilate binding to rat brain synaptosomes was measured using a filtration assay. The inhibitor was prepared from several calf tissues and was found in highest specific activity in thymus. The loss of binding activity was slow, requiring a 30-40 min preincubation of the synaptosomes with the inhibitor, and reversed by removing the inhibitor by washing the membranes. Scatchard analysis of the binding data showed that the inhibition was noncompetitive resulting from both a decrease in affinity and a decrease in the number of binding sites. Zn2+ was required in low concentrations for this effect. Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor in synaptic membranes and in membranes free of most peripheral membrane proteins was still sensitive to inhibition. Preliminary characterization of the inhibitory molecule showed that it is of low molecular weight, moderately heat-stable, and acidic. The inhibitor was inactivated by reagents that are nonspecific for nucleophiles, but not by reagents specific for primary amine or thiol groups. PMID- 3917492 TI - Synchronous neuroblastoma and von Recklinghausen's disease: a review of the literature. AB - We report an unusual case of progressive disseminated neuroblastoma occurring in a child with a family history and stigmata of von Recklinghausen's disease. A review of the literature confirms the extreme rarity of finding these two neurocristopathies in a single individual and thus undermines the widely held notion of an association--genetic or otherwise--between these two entities. We propose that synchronous neuroblastoma and von Recklinghausen's disease is accounted for by chance alone and therefore represents a randomly occurring phenomenon. PMID- 3917493 TI - Pyruvate participation in the low molecular weight trophic activity for central nervous system neurons in glia-conditioned media. AB - Conditioned media from glial cell cultures contain low molecular weight agents which can support survival of CNS neurons in the absence of recognized protein neuronotrophic factors. A similar support is provided to CNS neurons by selected basal media, and pyruvate is the critical medium constituent responsible for their trophic competence. Eagle's basal medium, which contains no pyruvate, acquires pyruvate when conditioned over astroglial cell cultures. Enzymatic degradation of the pyruvate in the astroglia-conditioned medium leads to corresponding losses in its low molecular weight trophic activity for CNS neurons. Quantitative correlations between pyruvate content and CNS trophic activity demonstrate that pyruvate is the main trophic ingredient of the glia conditioned medium, and other low molecular weight substances, acquired during conditioning, reduce the pyruvate concentration required for its trophic effect. The "pyruvate-sparing" substances, as yet unidentified, are not the serine and Fe3+ which have pyruvate-sparing competence for peripheral, ciliary ganglionic neurons. These findings, together with previous observations, propose that prenatal neurons fail to generate or retain endogenous pyruvate at the levels for their survival-sustaining activities. PMID- 3917494 TI - Formulating a managerial strategy for part-time nurses. AB - The implementation of the federal Medicare Diagnosis Related Groupings (DRGs) based prospective payment system (PPS) has caused nursing administrators to examine staffing policies and strategies closely. A critical component under nursing management's control is the use of part-time nurses to solve scheduling, cost, and quality-of-care problems. This article analyzes past and future use of part-time nurses. PMID- 3917495 TI - Use of sodium nitroprusside in neonates: efficacy and safety. AB - Sodium nitroprusside was administered to 58 neonates, including 11 with severe respiratory distress syndrome, 15 with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn, 28 with clinical shock, three with systemic hypertension, and two with pulmonary hypoplasia, all refractory to conventional intensive therapy. Nitroprusside was infused at 0.2 to 6.0 micrograms/kg/min for periods of 10 minutes to 126 hours. Infants with severe respiratory distress syndrome had increased PaO2 and decreased PaCO2 or peak inspiratory pressure, and nearly all (82%) survived. Infants with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn had variable responses; improvement did not correlate with survival, but survival (47%) was identical to that in an earlier series of infants given tolazoline. Infants in shock had improved perfusion, urine output, and serum bicarbonate levels, and these responses were significantly related to survival. Hypertension was controlled in all three hypertensive infants. Adverse effects were very uncommon. Toxic effects were not observed. Sodium nitroprusside is effective and can be used safely in circulatory disorders in the neonate. PMID- 3917496 TI - Effect of amino acid composition of parenteral solutions on nitrogen retention and metabolic response in very-low-birth weight infants. AB - To evaluate the influence of amino acid preparations on the metabolic response of parenterally fed immature newborn infants, nitrogen retention and plasma amino acid concentrations were compared in very-low-birth-weight infants given two parenteral regimens differing only by the composition of the infused amino acids (Travasol 10% blend B and Vamin 7%). The intakes of fluid, nitrogen, and calories were comparable. The nitrogen retention was 72% +/- 7% with Vamin and 65% +/- 6% with Travasol. The differences in plasma amino acid concentrations were consistent with the composition of the amino acid solutions. During the infusion of Vamin the increased intake of aromatic amino acids resulted in high plasma levels of tyrosine (256 +/- 233 mumol/L, range 67 to 894 mumol/L). The infusion of Travasol resulted in high plasma levels of methionine (114 +/- 39 mumol/L, range 53 to 260 mumol/L) and an elevated load of glycine, which was accompanied by an abnormally high urinary loss of this amino acid. Despite these metabolic imbalances, the growth rate over the whole study was adequate. These results emphasize the importance of the composition of amino acid solutions on the metabolic response of the very immature preterm infant. PMID- 3917497 TI - Influence of intravenous fat therapy on tracheal effluent phospholipids and oxygenation in severe respiratory distress syndrome. PMID- 3917498 TI - Neonatal thyroid function: comparison between breast-fed and bottle-fed infants. PMID- 3917499 TI - A newborn infant with bilious vomiting and jitteriness. PMID- 3917500 TI - Pituitary gonadotropin-independent male-limited autosomal dominant sexual precocity in nine generations: familial testotoxicosis. AB - A recently described, distinct form of male sexual precocity is characterized by premature Leydig and germinal cell maturation in the absence of pituitary gonadotropin stimulation. Analysis of a nine-generation kindred with at least 28 affected males supports sex-limited autosomal dominant transmission. Three boys, with precocious sexual development at 1 to 4 years of age, had low basal plasma gonadotropin values without pubertal-type pulsatility and a minimal rise in luteinizing hormone after acute stimulation with luteinizing hormone releasing factor or its potent analog D-Trp6-Pro9-NEt-LRF, distinguishing them from boys with true precocious puberty. Two affected adults had a mature luteinizing hormone response to LRF. Testicular biopsies showed a progression of abnormalities in the seminiferous tubules from childhood to maturity; in one adult this disorder was associated with marked oligospermia and selective elevation of plasma follicle-stimulating hormone. The findings are consistent with an inherited intratesticular defect. Furthermore, the majority of cases of familial male sexual precocity seem to be examples of this disorder rather than central or true precocious puberty. PMID- 3917501 TI - Cardiac involvement in diseases characterized by beta-galactosidase deficiency. PMID- 3917502 TI - Furosemide decreases ventilation in young rabbits. AB - To test the hypothesis that furosemide would cause metabolic alkalosis and thus alveolar hypoventilation, normal rabbit pups were given either furosemide (4 mg/kg/day) or saline solution for the first 8 to 10 days of life. Pups given furosemide developed primary metabolic alkalosis and reduced ventilation, which resulted in secondary respiratory acidosis. Lung compliance was improved by furosemide, and the ventilatory response to CO2 was unaffected. KCl injection in alkalotic pups increased ventilation and decreased pH. The data show that conventional doses of furosemide can (1) cause metabolic alkalosis and reduce ventilation; (2) increase the PaCO2, which reflects changes in acid-base status and not changes in lung function; and (3) increase lung compliance, perhaps by decreasing lung water. When these effects occur in infants with chronic lung disease, the beneficial effect of furosemide may be obscured. PMID- 3917503 TI - Continuous positive airway pressure selectively reduces obstructive apnea in preterm infants. AB - Apnea in preterm infants has been classified as obstructive, central (nonobstructive), and mixed, based on the presence or absence of upper airway obstruction. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is widely used in apneic infants, although its mechanism of action is still unclear. To determine whether CPAP is equally effective in obstructive and nonobstructive apnea, we compared the types of apnea observed in 14 preterm infants during sequential 45-minute periods with and without CPAP. CPAP markedly decreased the incidence of both mixed and obstructive apnea episodes of greater than or equal to 5 seconds (P less than 0.01 and less than 0.03, respectively). In contrast, central apnea episodes of greater than or equal to 5 seconds were entirely unaffected by CPAP. Although minute ventilation was unchanged, transcutaneous PO2 increased by 11 +/- 11 mm Hg during CPAP whether or not apnea was present. We postulate that CPAP reduces apnea in preterm infants by relief of upper airway obstruction, possibly via splinting of the pharyngeal airway. PMID- 3917504 TI - Cardiac, coronary and peripheral vascular effects of acetyl glyceryl ether phosphoryl choline in the anesthetized dog. AB - Acetyl glyceryl ether phosphoryl choline (AGEPC) is a potent vasodilator, platelet activator and inflammatory agent. The cardiac and peripheral vascular effects of AGEPC were assessed in anesthetized dogs in order to gain additional insight into the mechanism of action of this lipid. Injection of AGEPC (0.1-3.2 micrograms) directly into the femoral vasculature produced a dose-related vasodilation in the innervated and sympathetically denervated hindlimb. Vasodilator responses in the denervated limb were at least as great as those in the innervated limb, which indicates that the response is not due to inhibition of sympathetic vasoconstrictor tone. Vasodilator responses to AGEPC (1 microgram) were not significantly affected by theophylline (5 mg/kg), indomethacin (5 mg/kg) or BW755C (10 mg/kg), which implies that the effect is independent of purinergic P1 receptors, cyclooxygenase products and lipoxygenase products. Intracoronary injection of AGEPC (0.032-3.2 micrograms) reduced blood pressure, myocardial contractile force and coronary blood flow in a dose-related manner. Coronary vascular resistance was unchanged. In contrast, intracoronary injection of another activator of platelets, ADP (10 micrograms), increased blood flow. Responses of blood pressure, heart rate, contractile force and coronary flow to AGEPC were not affected by bilateral vagotomy or hexamethonium, which indicates that they are independent of reflexive mechanisms. Indomethacin attenuated the hypotension and coronary flow reductions to AGEPC. BW755C reduced the hypotensive response. Mechanical reduction of coronary flow by 30 to 40% did not affect blood pressure, heart rate or contractile force, which suggests that AGEPC-induced changes are not secondary to flow reduction. The data suggest that AGEPC produces direct myocardial depression and distinct effects on the coronary and femoral vasculature. The peripheral vascular effects are independent of the autonomic nervous system, purinergic mechanisms and arachidonic acid metabolites, whereas some coronary effects may be mediated through metabolites of arachidonic acid. PMID- 3917505 TI - Disposition of acetaminophen in protein-calorie malnutrition. AB - The influence of dietary protein deficiency on the pharmacokinetics, metabolism and disposition of acetaminophen was investigated in male Sprague-Dawley rats fed for 4 weeks on a 23% (control) or a 5% (low) protein diet ad libitum. Acetaminophen and its two major metabolites, acetaminophen glucuronide and acetaminophen sulfate in plasma and urine, were determined by a sensitive and specific high-performance liquid chromatography assay. After an i.v. dose of 100 mg/kg of acetaminophen, the average mean residence time was 40% higher in the protein-deficient rats, whereas the total plasma clearance per kilogram of body weight and elimination rate constant were both decreased by approximately 36% when compared to rats on a normal protein diet. No significant differences were found in the two groups of animals with respect to the apparent steady-state volume of distribution. Rats on a low protein diet excreted a larger percentage of the administered dose as the glucuronide conjugate (34.6 vs. 12.3%) and a smaller percentage as acetaminophen sulfate (41.0 vs. 70.1%). In addition, there was a reduction in the partial metabolic clearance to acetaminophen sulfate and a concomitant 2-fold increase in the partial metabolic clearance to acetaminophen glucuronide. PMID- 3917506 TI - Effect of the synthetic prostanoid Ro 22-6923 on gastric secretion and blood flow in Heidenhain pouch dogs. AB - The synthetic trimethyl prostanoid Ro 22-6923 was studied for its effects on histamine-stimulated gastric acid secretion in Heidenhain pouch dogs. The prostanoid (at a p.o. dose as low as 0.05 mg/kg) produced significant inhibition of gastric acid secretion induced by 12 micrograms/kg/h of histamine for 5 h. A dose of 0.5 mg/kg p.o. produced a significant antisecretory effect within 45 min that lasted for 8.5 h. Cimetidine (5 mg/kg p.o.) produced an inhibitory effect on acid output equivalent to the 0.5-mg/kg dose of Ro 22-6923, but the duration of the cimetidine effect was less than 6 h. Administration of Ro 22-6923 i.v. (0.25 mg/kg) inhibited acid output for longer than 8 h. Against a 25-micrograms/kg/h histamine challenge, Ro 22-6923 (0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg) inhibited acid output to an equal degree but for a longer duration than cimetidine (5 mg/kg). Pepsin output was totally inhibited by 0.5 mg/kg of Ro 22-6923, whereas 5 mg/kg of cimetidine inhibited pepsin output by approximately 60%. Pepsin activity in the gastric juice was reduced by Ro 22-6923 and was increased by cimetidine. Blood flow, as estimated by the aminopyrine clearance technique, was reduced slightly by Ro 22 6923 and cimetidine. However, the ratio of clearance to acid secretory rate increased with both compounds, suggesting a direct effect of Ro 22-6923 and cimetidine on acid secretion at the parietal cell level. The results suggest that Ro 22-6923 may be a useful therapeutic agent for peptic ulcer disease in humans. PMID- 3917508 TI - Effects of encainide on the determinants of cardiac excitability in sheep Purkinje fibers. AB - Encainide is a benzanilide derivative that is effective against ventricular arrhythmias but, at times, may be arrhythmogenic. The microelectrode technique of intracellular current application and transmembrane voltage recording was used to study the effects of encainide, in a concentration equivalent to a clinically effective antiarrhythmic plasma level, on the determinants of cardiac excitability in sheep Purkinje fibers. A rapid, on-line computerized data analysis system was used to track the alterations in the active and passive membrane properties relevant to excitability in time. Cardiac excitability was defined experimentally in terms of the current required to attain threshold and/or the shift in strength- or change-duration curves. Encainide produced multiphasic changes in cardiac excitability, the final state of excitability depended on the balance between altered passive and active membrane properties. Encainide could enhance excitability by increasing membrane and slope resistance without altering the nonlinearities of the current-voltage relationship despite an actual depression of the sodium system. Encainide could decrease excitability by 1) depressing the sodium system; 2) decreasing membrane resistance without altering the nonlinearities of the subthreshold current-voltage relationship; 3) altering the nonlinearities of the current-voltage relationship; and 4) by a combination of these actions. During washout, excitability could remain altered despite a return of descriptive parameters such as the maximal rate of rise of phase 0, overshoot and action potential duration to normal. The study demonstrated the importance of time-related changes of an antiarrhythmic drug at a constant concentration. The results explain, in part, the antiarrhythmic actions and arrhythmogenic potential of encainide. PMID- 3917507 TI - Biochemical basis of enhanced drug bioavailability by piperine: evidence that piperine is a potent inhibitor of drug metabolism. AB - Piperine, a major active component of black and long peppers, has been reported to enhance drug bioavailability. The present studies were aimed at understanding the interaction of piperine with enzymatic drug biotransforming reactions in hepatic tissue in vitro and in vivo. Piperine inhibited arylhydrocarbon hydroxylation, ethylmorphine-N-demethylation, 7-ethoxycoumarin-O-deethylation and 3-hydroxy-benzo(a)pyrene glucuronidation in rat postmitochondrial supernatant in vitro in a dose-dependent manner. Piperine inhibition of these reactions in postmitochondrial supernatant from 3-methylcholanthrene- and phenobarbital treated rats was similar to the controls. Inhibition by piperine of arylhydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) from 3-methylcholanthrene-treated rats was comparable to that observed with 7,8-benzoflavone. Piperine caused noncompetitive inhibition of hepatic microsomal AHH from the untreated and 3-methylcholanthrene treated rats with a Ki of 30 microM which was close to the apparent Km of AHH observed in the controls. Similarly, the kinetics of inhibition of ethylmorphine N-demethylase from control rat liver microsomes exhibited noncompetitive inhibition with an apparent Km of 0.8 mM and Ki of 35 microM. These studies demonstrated that piperine is a nonspecific inhibitor of drug metabolism which shows little discrimination between different cytochrome P-450 forms. Oral administration of piperine in rats strongly inhibited the hepatic AHH and UDP glucuronyltransferase activities. The maximal inhibition of AHH observed within 1 hr restored to normal value in 6 hr. Pretreatment with piperine prolonged hexobarbital sleeping time and zoxazolamine paralysis time in mice at half the dose of SKF-525A. These results demonstrate that piperine is a potent inhibitor of drug metabolism. PMID- 3917509 TI - Conformational properties of central nervous system active thyrotropin releasing hormone analogues: probing structure-activity relationships at the molecular level. AB - Crystal structure determinations have been carried out for the following seven thyrotropin releasing hormone analogues: I, (3R,6R)-6-methyl-5-oxothiomorpholin-3 ylcarbonyl-L- histidinyl-L-proline amide; II, (3R,6S)-6-methyl-5-oxothiomorpholin 3-ylcarbonyl-L-histid inyl-L-proline amide; III, (4R)-2-oxothiazolidin-4 ylcarbonyl-D-histidinyl-L-prol ine amide; IV, 5-ethylorotyl-L-histidinyl-L proline amide; V, 5-n-propylorotyl-L-histidinyl-L-proline amide; VI, 5 bromoorotyl-L-histidinyl-L-proline amide; and VII, Phe2-TRH. A surprising degree of conformational similarity has been observed for the peptide backbone. All peptide bonds are found to be trans. A composite hydrogen-bonding environment has been constructed for the TRH analogue system and examined for its inference with respect to receptor binding. A comparison of the conformations of these analogues with those displayed by Leu5-enkephalin has also been made, and unexpected similarities have been revealed. PMID- 3917510 TI - Health care delivery system changes: a special challenge for teaching hospitals. AB - Changes in the method of financing health care in the United States in order to gain better control over escalating costs are receiving considerable attention. If major changes are made in the system, the nation's teaching hospitals are particularly vulnerable and must be given special consideration. The attributes of teaching hospitals and the special role which they play in the health care delivery system are delineated. Since responsiveness to system changes by teaching hospitals is key to their survival, several short-term and long-term strategies are identified. Teaching hospitals will need to be as innovative in their management and organizational approaches as they are clinically. PMID- 3917511 TI - 1984 A.B.A. presidential address: burn unit success--a problem of management. AB - In summary, the burn unit succeeds or fails on the basis of managerial capability. Managers are responsible for accumulating resources, educating personnel, maintaining morale, and integrating the burn unit with the rest of the hospital. Moreover, it has become apparent that burn unit managers must become financial managers as well, if we are to: 1) maintain reasonable resources for the conduct of research; 2) participate in a variety of health delivery systems; 3) curtail health delivery costs; 4) maintain the current excellence of clinical care in an efficient manner; and 5) guarantee access of patients to the burn care delivery system at a cost that the country can afford. PMID- 3917512 TI - Synergistic action of silver sulfadiazine and sodium piperacillin on resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro and in experimental burn wound infections. AB - Silver sulfadiazine-resistant organisms are arising at an irregular rate and may eventually interfere with wound management. To counter this problem several new antibacterial agents were tested in combination with silver sulfadiazine. Only sodium piperacillin (Pipracil, Lederle) exhibited synergism with silver sulfadiazine both in vitro (against various species of organisms) and in burned animals. The MIC of AgSD and Pipracil was 50 nmole/ml and 250 nmole/ml, respectively, but a combination of 6 nmole/ml of AgSD and 7.5 nmole/ml of Pipracil inhibited the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In burned mice infected with either AgSD-resistant or sensitive strains, the mortality in groups receiving combinations of topical Pipracil and silver sulfadiazine was 0-10%; in contrast, treatment with Pipracil or silver sulfadiazine alone resulted in much higher mortality. Thus it would appear that a combination of silver sulfadiazine and Pipracil, each of which have long been used in patients topically and parenterally, may prove valuable in patients with burn wound infections related to or caused by organisms resistant to silver sulfadiazine. PMID- 3917513 TI - Use of porcine Factor VIII concentrate. PMID- 3917514 TI - Drug use and expenditures in 1982. AB - This article provides national estimates of drug use and drug expenditures in 1982. Total outpatient drug exposure increased 5% from 1981 to 1982 and 28% from 1971 to 1982. Hydrochlorothiazide was the most frequently dispensed drug chemical and was contained in more than 5% of all 1982 prescriptions. Sixteen major therapeutic classes accounted for about 80% of drugstore and hospital expenditures for ethical pharmaceuticals. Hospitals spent around +3.0 billion and a third of this total was for anti-infectives administered for systemic effects. The prescription drug component of the consumer price index increased 11.7% in 1982, and consumers spent about +14.5 billion on prescriptions from retail pharmacies alone. PMID- 3917516 TI - Human leukocyte antigen matching in renal transplantation: review and current status. PMID- 3917515 TI - Glutaraldehyde preparation of coronary artery bypass bioprostheses. AB - A method for glutaraldehyde (GA) fixation of canine carotid arteries has been developed for the preparation of small caliber biologic prostheses for coronary artery bypass. The biologic grafts were preserved by a static inflation technique that proved to be more advantageous than the standard stenting method. The most suitable static inflation pressure was found to be 120 mm Hg. By means of colorimetric measurements the minimal tanning time and the amount of GA required for complete fixation for canine vascular tissue were established. Stabilization of the vessel collagen and confirmation of GA-collagen cross-linking were verified by evaluation of the elastic properties and shrinkage temperature of the grafts. Stress-strain measurements were evaluated to determine the number of cross-links introduced in the vascular tissue by GA. This number was shown to be proportional to the inflation pressure. Ethyl alcohol was chosen as the storage solution because it maintained the best physical, chemical, and histologic characteristics of the grafts. Biological evaluations were performed with carotid implants that were examined following acute low flow studies and implantations up to 112 days. All implantations have yielded 100% patencies. PMID- 3917518 TI - Euthyroid hyperthyroxinemia. PMID- 3917517 TI - Long-term hemodynamics following combined heart and lung transplantation in primates. AB - To assess the long-term hemodynamic consequences of combined heart and lung transplantation, we investigated six rhesus monkeys 2.6 to 4.6 years (mean 4.0) after operation. Total follow-up was 24.0 primate-years. Autotransplantation had been carried out in four animals and allotransplantation in two, and the hemodynamic results were compared with those in three normal monkeys of similar size. Each animal underwent simultaneous right and left heart catheterization and pulmonary arteriography. Hemodynamic measurements were made at three levels of inspired oxygen. Arterial oxygen tension was within normal limits in all animals, and pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance index did not change significantly with changes in the levels of inspired oxygen. Indices of left ventricular systolic function were normal in all animals. Values for pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance index were similar in the autograft and normal groups: in the allograft group, the average pressure was 30/17 mm Hg (mean 24) and the index was 5.6 units . m2--both levels significantly higher than normal (pressure was 16/10 mm Hg, mean 13, [p less than 0.001] and index was 2.5 units . m2 [p less than 0.02]). Pulmonary arteriography in the allograft group with the highest pulmonary vascular resistance index (6.1 units . m2) was compatible with pulmonary vascular disease. Pulmonary arteriograms in the remaining eight monkeys were normal. Prolonged survival following combined heart and lung transplantation is possible in primates. Autotransplantation (and probable persisting denervation of the cardiopulmonary axis) does not necessarily result in abnormal long-term hemodynamics. The elevation in pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance index in the allograft group may be related to previous episodes of pulmonary rejection, infection, or drug reaction. PMID- 3917519 TI - Dysphagia due to simultaneous laryngocele and Zenker's diverticulum. AB - A case is reported of an elderly woman, a resident in a nursing home, who developed dysphagia over a short period. Clinical and radiological examination disclosed that she had a large laryngocele and a moderate sized consideration of her social circumstances, and careful ranking of the medical priorities. Both the laryngocele and the Zenker's diverticulum were excised at a single operation and she was successfully returned to her nursing home environment. PMID- 3917521 TI - Pseudomonas aeruginosa in chronic maxillary sinusitis. AB - Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Ps. Au.) infection of the maxillary sinus has been reported as an incidental finding on routine antrostomy; however, it has also been noted in several studies as the significant organism in the etiology of chronic sinusitis. Four case reports of culture verified Ps. Au. maxillary sinusitis are presented. The therapeutic modality used in two of the cases was a Caldwell-Luc operation and in two, an intranasal antrostomy. In all cases, multiple irrigations through the surgically created nasoantral windows were done postoperatively, as was the instillation of gentamicin ophthalmic drops intranasally. In all four cases the infection cleared with this combined surgical and medical therapy. PMID- 3917520 TI - Osteoradionecrosis of the maxilla and skull base. AB - Osteoradionecrosis of the maxilla and base of skull are rare phenomena, usually seen after combined therapy for malignancies of the maxillary sinus. While the mandible is most commonly affected by osteoradionecrosis, the maxilla and skull base may also be affected when preoperative or postoperative radiotherapy is combined with surgery. Contributing factors may be: high radiation dosage delivered to the treatment volume (greater than 6000 rads), loss of tissue protective effects due to surgery, decreased vascularity caused by surgery and radiation, and proximity of a contaminated field. Onset of symptoms may vary. One patient presented 25 years after postoperative radiotherapy. Major symptoms were pain, trismus, and purulent discharge. The best diagnostic modality remains the history and physical exam, as the area is readily accessible. CT scans may be helpful in diagnosis and treatment planning. Therapy should follow time honored principles of local wound care. Home irrigations and hyperbaric therapy have been helpful in encouraging early sequestration and rapid healing. PMID- 3917522 TI - Basic metabolic rate in emotional stress: its potential influence on cochlear function. AB - Using a model previously described, prolonged emotional stress was induced in guinea pigs. Under this condition, arterial blood gases, blood glucose level, PO2 and PCO2 in the expired air, and the heat irradiated by the animals were measured and compared to those of the anesthetized guinea pigs. From the present study, two important findings should be mentioned. First, the metabolic rate of the animals under stress was 30% higher than in the anesthetized group. Second, the arterial PO2 level of the animals under stress was significantly lower than that in the anesthetized ones. Evaluating the noxious effect of severe and/or prolonged emotional stress, one should not neglect the increased oxygen demand resulting from the high metabolic rate of the subject. This factor, together with the decreased arterial blood PO2 level, reinforce the hypoxic effects on the cochlear function, caused by the vasoconstriction of the labyrinthine vessels. PMID- 3917523 TI - A new inhibitor of the long-chain fatty acid transfer across the mitochondrial membrane: 2-(3-methylcinnamylhydrazono)-propionate (BM 42.304). AB - Using two different assay systems to distinguish between overt and inner forms of carnitine palmitoyl transferase (CPT, EC 2.3.1.21) of intact guinea-pig liver mitochondria, we have shown that the hypoglycemic agent 2-(3 methylcinnamylhydrazono)-propionate (BM 42.304) inhibits the activity of carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase of liver mitochondria. The results offer an explanation for the inhibitory effect of the compound on ketogenesis with oleate but not with octanoate in the perfused guinea-pig liver, previously reported by us (Biochem. Pharmacol. 32, 3405-3412, 1983). PMID- 3917524 TI - Indomethacin and meclofenamate potentiation of skeletal muscle active hyperemia. AB - The effects of indomethacin and meclofenamate on active hyperemia following sustained, maximal isometric contractions were studied in free-flowing dog gracilis muscles. Muscles were stimulated to contract in situ for 1, 4, 7, and 10 s durations in the absence and presence of indomethacin (62.5 micrograms/ml blood), meclofenamate (50 micrograms/ml blood), or appropriate vehicles. Drugs were administered by continuous intra-arterial infusion into the muscle. Cyclo oxygenase inhibition was verified by intra-arterial injection of arachidonic acid. Resting vascular conductance decreased by 28% with meclofenamate but not with indomethacin. Meclofenamate and indomethacin increased active hyperemia excess flows by 49% and 101%, respectively, following 10 s of contraction. These results differ markedly from previous studies. We suggest that non-specific actions of both drugs, unrelated to their effect on prostaglandin synthesis, result in potentiation of normal vasodilator responses to muscle contraction. PMID- 3917525 TI - Dopaminergic neurotoxicity of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) in the mouse: relationships between monoamine oxidase, MPTP metabolism and neurotoxicity. AB - Mice treated with MPTP had a marked decrement in their neostriatal content of dopamine and its metabolites compared to controls and a severe loss of nerve cells in the zona compacta of the substantia nigra. Furthermore, neostriatal synaptosomal preparations from MPTP-treated mice had a greatly diminished capacity to take up 3H-dopamine compared to control. These biochemical and histological changes seen in MPTP-treated mice are similar to those observed in Parkinson patients. In mice treated with the specific MAO-B inhibitor deprenil prior to MPTP, these changes were not observed. It thus follows that deprenil is able to protect against the MPTP-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity in mice. These data suggest a critical role for MAO-B in MPTP-induced neurotoxicity. PMID- 3917526 TI - Studies on the mechanism of action of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6 tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). AB - Explants of embryonic rat substantia nigra in organotypic culture are sensitive to 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) at concentrations approximating the doses given in vivo to monkeys. Fluorescence microscopy and 3H dopamine uptake measurements reveal that the toxicity is selective for dopamine neurons, whereas other neurons and cells in the culture appear normal by phase contrast microscopy. Reduced MPTP (piperidine analog) is inactive in the tissue culture model, while fully oxidized MPTP (pyridinium analog) destroys dopamine neurons. Pargyline and deprenyl, two monoamine oxidase inhibitors, inhibit the neurotoxic action of MPTP. Pargyline and deprenyl also protect monkeys in vivo. The results implicate monoamine oxidase in the mechanism of action of MPTP. Two possible mechanisms for protection by monoamine oxidase are discussed. PMID- 3917527 TI - Lysosomal enzyme activities in pancreatic islets from normal and obese hyperglycemic mice. AB - Lysosomal enzyme activities in pancreatic islets of obese hyperglycemic ob/ob mice aged 3 to 6 months were investigated and compared with those of normal lean NMRI mice of the same age. It was observed that the glycogenolytic glucose producing hydrolase acid amyloglucosidase displayed a fivefold higher activity in the islets of obese mice than in the islets of normal NMRI mice. However, other islet lysosomal enzyme activities measured, such as N-acetyl-beta-D glucosaminidase and beta-glucuronidase, were of the same magnitude in both obese and lean mice. A starvation period of 24 hours induced a significant depression of islet acid amyloglucosidase activity in obese as well as lean mice, whereas the activities of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase and beta-glucuronidase were unaffected. Further, the activities of other types of islet lysosomal enzymes, such as acid phosphatase and cathepsin D, were also measured in obese mice. These activities were not found to be affected by the actual fasting period. A good correlation (r = 0.815; P less than 0.01) was observed between islet acid amyloglucosidase activity and plasma insulin concentrations in obese mice, whereas no such relationship was apparent with regard to other islet lysosomal enzyme activities recorded. Acid amyloglucosidase activity in liver tissue of the obese mouse was about 30 times lower than that of islet tissue. Further, the activity of liver amyloglucosidase was of the same order of magnitude in obese and lean mice. Similarly, other lysosomal enzyme activities in the liver of obese and lean mice were not strikingly different.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3917528 TI - Regulation of hepatic glycogen metabolism: effects of diabetes, insulin infusion, and pancreatic islet transplantation. AB - Insulin-deficient diabetes mellitus results in diminished capacity of the liver to accumulate glycogen. One site of metabolic lesion in the diabetic liver is at the level of the synthase-activating enzyme, synthase phosphatase. This activity is progressively diminished with increasing severity of chemically induced diabetes in both soluble and smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) associated subfractions. Insulin administration via an implanted miniosmotic pump or via intrahepatic islet transplantation increased synthase phosphatase activity, particularly in SER. Hepatic glycogen synthesis and accumulation was enhanced as well. The data support a role for insulin in maintenance of the ability of the liver to synthesize and accumulate glycogen mediated either directly or indirectly through SER-synthase phosphatase activity. PMID- 3917529 TI - Pancreatic islet allograft function in nonimmunosuppressed conscious mice. AB - CBA/H (H-2k) male mice were made diabetic by giving Streptozotocin 300 mg/kg intravenously. They were transplanted beneath the renal capsule with seven clusters of BALB/c (H-2d) adult islets, cultured for seven days in 95% O2 and 5% CO2. Basal blood glucose and weight gain returned to normal within 7 to 10 days. Blood glucose and serum insulin responses to intragastric glucose, intraperitoneal arginine and intraperitoneal theophylline were assessed after restoration of normoglycemia and compared with the responses in a control group of CBA mice. The animals were pretreated with intraperitoneal phentolamine and propranolol to reduce the stress of these procedures. Essentially normal carbohydrate tolerance was maintained in the transplanted animals but the insulin responses were markedly reduced, suggesting an increased sensitivity to insulin. The insulin content of the grafted tissue was also found to be considerably lower than that in the normal pancreas. This study demonstrates that in the mouse, adult pancreatic islet allografts can respond to stimuli that require functional adaptation by the islets. Further studies are required in larger animals before islet transplantation can be applied to the management of insulin dependent diabetic patients. PMID- 3917530 TI - Factor VIII. PMID- 3917531 TI - Norwegian scabies in Australian Aborigines. AB - Norwegian scabies is a rare, but distinctive, variant of scabies. The infestation by the parasite is massive, and the lesions consist of hyperkeratotic plaques affecting the skin of the whole body. Predisposition to this form of scabies occurs in association with a variety of conditions. Three cases of Norwegian scabies, which occurred in full-blood Australian Aborigines, and were managed in the Royal Darwin Hospital, are reported. PMID- 3917532 TI - Cromolyn sodium for allergic conjunctivitis. PMID- 3917534 TI - Compendium of animal rabies vaccines, 1985 prepared by: the National Association of State Public Health Veterinarians, Inc. PMID- 3917533 TI - Adverse reactions to Fansidar and updated recommendations for its use in the prevention of malaria. PMID- 3917536 TI - Poliomyelitis--Finland. PMID- 3917535 TI - Reye syndrome--United States, 1984. PMID- 3917537 TI - Update: influenza activity--United States. PMID- 3917538 TI - Changes in premature mortality--United States, 1982-1983. PMID- 3917539 TI - Update: influenza activity--United States. PMID- 3917540 TI - Hemolytic-uremic syndrome associated with Escherichia coli O 157:H7 enteric infections--United States, 1984. PMID- 3917541 TI - Update: acquired immunodeficiency syndrome--Europe. PMID- 3917542 TI - Multiple outbreaks of Kawasaki syndrome--United States. PMID- 3917543 TI - Recent trends in illicit drug use among young people--Canada. PMID- 3917544 TI - Update: influenza activity--United States. PMID- 3917545 TI - Inactivation of prostaglandin H synthase and prostacyclin synthase by phenylbutazone. Requirement for peroxidative metabolism. AB - Phenylbutazone (PB), a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, is an efficient reducing cofactor for the peroxidase activity of prostaglandin H synthase (PHS). Most reducing cofactors for the peroxidase protect PHS and prostacyclin synthase from inactivation by hydroperoxides. PB, however, does not protect these enzymes, but rather augments their hydroperoxide-dependent inactivation. Using ram seminal vesicle microsomes as a source of PHS and prostacyclin synthase, we have examined the interaction of PB and exogenous hydroperoxides. Chromatographic analysis of the metabolism of 14C-labeled arachidonic acid in this system revealed that PB dependent inactivation of PHS is markedly increased in the presence of 100 microM H2O2. This inactivation is a linear function of PB concentration between 10 and 250 microM, with a half-maximal effect in this range at about 100 microM PB. Prostacyclin synthase is even more sensitive to inactivation by the combined PB and H2O2 treatment, with a corresponding half-maximal effect at PB concentrations near 25 microM. This PB- and H2O2-dependent inactivation is demonstrable whether PGH2 is generated in situ from arachidonic acid or is added exogenously, supporting a direct effect of the treatment on prostacyclin synthase. As PB undergoes peroxide-dependent co-oxygenation catalyzed by PHS, we propose that it is an oxygenated derivative of PB, rather than the parent compound, which is responsible for the inactivation of PHS and prostacyclin synthase. Nafazatrom, a competitive inhibitor of PB co-oxygenation, blocks the effects of the PB and H2O2 treatment, supporting our proposal. PMID- 3917546 TI - The effect of tryptophan modification on the structure and function of a sea snake neurotoxin. AB - A neurotoxin has been isolated from the venom of the sea snake Lapemis hardwickii. This neurotoxin contains only one tryptophan residue which was chemically modified with two different reagents, 2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl bromide and N-bromosuccinimide. Following modification, the neurotoxin almost completely lost its acetylcholine receptor-binding activity. To examine the effect tryptophan modification had on the conformation of the neurotoxin, circular dichroic and Raman spectra were taken of the modified neurotoxin and compared with those of the native toxin. The overall conformation of the modified neurotoxin was very similar to the native conformation. The Raman data also indicated some side chain conformations in the modified toxin were very similar to those of the native toxin. These data suggest that the tryptophan in sea snake venom short chain neurotoxins may have a direct role in the acetylcholine receptor binding process as well as a role in stabilizing the neurotoxin's active site in the proper conformation for optimum binding. PMID- 3917547 TI - Nutritional requirement for taurine in patients receiving long-term parenteral nutrition. AB - Animals fed diets lacking the amino acid taurine have low plasma and tissue levels of taurine and ultimately have retinal dysfunction. Since parenteral nutrition does not ordinarily provide taurine, we looked for evidence of taurine deficiency in 21 children and 23 adults undergoing long-term parenteral nutrition at home for an average of 27 +/- 23 (S.D.) months. The fasting plasma taurine level was reduced in children as compared with controls (26 +/- 13 vs. 57 +/- 16 mumol per liter, P less than 0.001). In adults with less than 25 per cent intestinal absorption of the recommended caloric intake, the plasma taurine level was also significantly reduced and correlated inversely with the duration of parenteral nutrition. Electroretinograms were abnormal in each of eight children who were examined. Addition of taurine to the intravenous solutions restored plasma levels to normal in four children; the electroretinograms of three of these children also became normal. The plasma taurine level became abnormally low again in two of three children one year after the intravenous taurine was discontinued. We conclude that children and possibly adults receiving long-term parenteral nutrition have a nutritional requirement for taurine. PMID- 3917548 TI - Access to care and the evolution of for-profit medicine. PMID- 3917549 TI - The risks of excessive water drinking in epileptic patients. PMID- 3917551 TI - Law's influence on medicine and medical ethics. PMID- 3917550 TI - Lysinuric protein intolerance presenting as childhood osteoporosis. Clinical and skeletal response to citrulline therapy. PMID- 3917552 TI - Molecular genetics of Kruppel, a gene required for segmentation of the Drosophila embryo. AB - Kruppel is a member of the 'gap' class of segmentation genes of Drosophila melanogaster, mutations of which cause contiguous groups of segments of the fruitfly embryo to fail to develop. In the case of Kruppel mutant embryos, thoracic and anterior abdominal segments are deleted. The molecular cloning of the Kruppel locus will lead to an understanding of the crucial role that gap genes seem to have in early embryonic development. It has already allowed the identification of a blastoderm-specific Kruppel transcript and the phenotypic rescue of mutant embryos by injected cloned DNA. PMID- 3917553 TI - Hadar AL 162-28 endocast as evidence that brain enlargement preceded cortical reorganization in hominid evolution. AB - On the basis of a description of an endocast from Hadar early hominid AL 162-28, it has been suggested that cerebral organization towards a human pattern occurred as early as 3-4 Myr ago. I have studied a cast of the AL 162-28 calvaria and a copy of an endocast prepared from the original fossil, and report here observations regarding cranial capacity, the relationship between endocast and skull, sulcal pattern, brain shape and cranial venous sinuses. Contrary to the earlier report, all of these features appear to be consistent with an ape-like external cortical morphology in Hadar early hominids and in my view there is no evidence for expansion or reorganization of parietal/occipital regions. Cranial capacity of AL 162-28 is at least 10% and 29% smaller than respective mean capacities of subsequently living gracile and robust australopithecines, who also exhibit ape-like cortical patterns. Thus palaeoneurological evidence from the entire early hominid record suggests that the trend towards brain enlargement preceded cortical reorganization. PMID- 3917554 TI - Calcitonin gene-related peptide is a potent vasodilator. AB - A novel peptide, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), has been predicted to result from alternative processing of the primary RNA transcript of the calcitonin gene in the rat. Several lines of evidence suggest that CGRP is a transmitter in the central and peripheral nervous system. Human CGRP has been isolated and characterized, and shown to have potent effects on the heart. The observations presented here indicate that human and rat CGRP also have potent effects on blood vessels. Intradermal injection of CGRP in femtomole doses induces microvascular dilatation resulting in increased blood flow, which we have detected in the rabbit by using a 133Xe clearance technique. In human skin, CGRP induces persistent local reddening. Microscopic observation of the hamster cheek pouch in vivo revealed that topical application of CGRP induces dilatation of arterioles. Furthermore, CGRP relaxes strips of rat aorta in vitro by an endothelial cell-dependent mechanism. Therefore, we suggest that local extravascular release of CGRP may be involved in the physiological control of blood flow and that circulating CGRP may contribute to hyperaemia in certain pathological conditions. PMID- 3917555 TI - Genetic organization of Drosophila bithorax complex. AB - The Drosophila bithorax complex is subdivided into three major genes: Ultrabithorax+, abdominal-A+ and Abdominal-B+. Each of these genes plays its principal part in a particular anatomical domain of the body, where it is specifically required to determine the correct segmental pattern. PMID- 3917556 TI - A zone of non-proliferating cells at a lineage restriction boundary in Drosophila. AB - The use of X-ray-induced mitotic recombination to genetically mark individual cells and their descendants during development has led to the discovery of lineage restriction boundaries in Drosophila imaginal disks, dividing the disks into areas called compartments. Clones of cells initiated after a given developmental stage are unable to grow across these boundaries, even if provided with a growth rate advantage over the remaining cells. It has been suggested that cells within compartments are distinguished by the differential activation of selector genes and that the lineage restrictions are maintained by adhesivity differences between the cells in different compartments, but other mechanisms have not been ruled out. Recently a discrete population of cells with unusual permeability properties has been described along an intersegmental lineage restriction boundary in Oncopeltus, suggesting that a lineage restriction could be maintained by a zone of cells which present a barrier to clone growth. Here we demonstrate by autoradiography the presence of a narrow zone of non-proliferating cells (ZNC) coincident with the presumptive wing margin in the Drosophila wing disk, and suggest that this could account for the observed lineage restriction between presumptive dorsal and ventral surfaces of the wing. As the anterior/posterior compartment boundary does not coincide with a ZNC, the results indicate that different lineage boundaries may be maintained by different mechanisms. PMID- 3917557 TI - A hypersensitive site in hsp70 chromatin requires adjacent not internal DNA sequence. AB - Nuclease-hypersensitive sites in chromatin exist at the 5' side of many eukaryotic genes. To gain some understanding of the molecular basis of these hypersensitive sites, we have now examined the pair of sites upstream of the Drosophila hsp70 gene in a series of plasmids that contain deletions in the hypersensitive region and have been transformed into yeast cells. Hypersensitive sites 5' to a Drosophila hsp70 gene are preserved when this gene is introduced into yeast by transformation. We find that a yeast strain containing a plasmid in which the deletion extends through the first hypersensitive site still displays the normal pair of hypersensitive sites, so DNA sequences over which the first hypersensitive site is centred are not required for hypersensitivity at this position and the site can form over a foreign DNA sequence juxtaposed against this deletion end point. Deletions progressing further into the region bracketed by the pair of 5' hypersensitive sites eliminate the first hypersensitive site and alter the downstream site. We propose that the hypersensitive sites are generated through the binding of a protein that renders flanking sequences more accessible to nucleases, perhaps by preventing normal chromatin packaging. PMID- 3917558 TI - Abdominal gene organization. PMID- 3917559 TI - Sodium valproate in Sydenham's chorea. AB - Five patients with a moderate to severe degree of Sydenham's chorea were treated with sodium valproate for their involuntary movements. Within a week of commencement of treatment, the choreic movements disappeared completely. Sodium valproate appears to be a promising drug in the management of Sydenham's chorea. PMID- 3917560 TI - Subcortical degeneration in Alzheimer's disease. AB - Although Alzheimer's disease is generally considered a degenerative disease that primarily affects the cerebral cortex, subcortical structures such as the substantia innominata and certain brainstem nuclei may be involved. In 28 patients with progressive dementia and pathologically confirmed Alzheimer's disease, we found senile (neuritic) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the thalamus in 25 patients, in the hypothalamus in 22, and in the mamillary body in 17. The severity of these lesions seemed to be greater in those with presenile onset of dementia, but was not related to the duration of dementia. Alzheimer's disease is a much more diffuse disorder than is usually appreciated. PMID- 3917561 TI - Standardization in VPA-induced hyperammonemia. PMID- 3917562 TI - Cortical excitability after myoclonus: jerk-locked somatosensory evoked potentials. AB - Cortical excitability after myoclonus was investigated by electrically stimulating the median nerve just at the time of, or at intervals after, the onset of myoclonus and by averaging the EEG and EMG, using the myoclonus onset pulse as a trigger (jerk-locked somatosensory evoked potential technique). In a patient with "cortical reflex" myoclonus, cortical excitability was relatively enhanced for 20 msec just after the myoclonus, although it was suppressed throughout the postmyoclonus period. In a patient with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, cortical excitability was suppressed between periodic myoclonic jerks. In a patient with oculopalatal-somatic myoclonus, there was no change of cortical excitability in relation to myoclonus. PMID- 3917563 TI - DRGs: making them work for you. PMID- 3917564 TI - 20 ways to prevent tube-feeding complications. PMID- 3917565 TI - Vulvar surgery for neurofibromatosis. AB - Von Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis is an unusual disorder with a wide variety of manifestations. The initial findings may at times involve the female genitalia. When the vulva is affected, the obstetrician-gynecologist has an opportunity for the establishment of an accurate diagnosis as well as for cosmetic correction. Two cases are presented which illustrate these concepts. PMID- 3917566 TI - Partitioning of heat losses and gains in premature newborn infants under radiant warmers. AB - The partition of heat loss into convective and evaporative components, and heat gain into metabolic rate of production and radiant heat needed to maintain thermal equilibrium was determined in ten premature neonates (weight 1.39 +/- .08 [SEM] kg, gestation 31 +/- 1 weeks) who were nursed naked and supine on open radiant warmer beds. Warmer beds were servocontrolled to maintain each infant's abdominal skin temperature at three different levels: 35.5, 36.5, and 37.5 degrees C. The quantity of radiant heat delivered by the warmer in vivo was measured directly and compared with the heat need calculated from the partition. Convective heat loss comprised the major component of net heat loss and increased significantly with servocontrol temperature from 2.86 +/- .24 to 3.27 +/- .23 kcal/kg/h (P less than .01), and to 3.72 +/- .26 kcal/kg/h (P less than .001). Evaporative heat loss increased with servocontrol temperature from .96 +/- .13 to 1.41 +/- .33 kcal/kg/h, and to 1.35 +/- .32 kcal/kg/h, but this increase was not significant. Metabolic rate decreased from 2.08 +/- .17 to 1.90 +/- .14 kcal/kg/h, and to 1.78 +/- .16 kcal/kg/h with increased servocontrol temperature, but this decrease was not significant. Radiant heat needed to maintain infants at higher temperatures increased from 1.73 to 2.80 kcal/kg/h, and to 3.32 kcal/kg/h. The radiant heat delivered by the warmer to infants was directly proportional to the heat need calculated from the partition (r = .68, P less than .001). PMID- 3917567 TI - Impact of digestion and absorption in the weaning period on infant feeding practices. AB - Weaning is a transition period in which solid and table foods replace milk or formula. Such a shift involves not only a change in the texture but also the nutrient constituents in the diet of the infant. Appropriate dietary changes, although known to affect the physiologic and biochemical function of the gastrointestinal tract in adults, have not been established clearly in infants. The relationship between diet and gastrointestinal development during the weaning period is explored. New concepts such as alternate pathways for digestion and absorption during infancy and the possible effects of new feeding modalities such as total parenteral nutrition and elemental diet are discussed. The influence of exogenous factors such as malnutrition and diseases on the development of the gastrointestinal function, particularly that of the small intestinal brush border hydrolytic enzymes and exocrine pancreatic enzymes, are also reviewed because of their potential influence on the weaning process. PMID- 3917568 TI - Management of the diabetic surgical patient. A systematic but flexible plan is the key. AB - Diabetes control is especially important when the patient is undergoing surgery, as the trauma can result in major metabolic changes. Complications of diabetes must be assessed preoperatively, since they themselves can lead to the need for surgery or can predispose to increased surgical or anesthetic risk. The preoperative blood glucose status of diabetics can be assessed by use of standard laboratory methods, self monitoring devices, urine glucose testing, or measurement of glycohemoglobin level. Blood glucose control can be maximized by designation of one physician on the health care team to be in charge of fluid, electrolyte, and insulin administration on perioperative days. This physician should follow a definite protocol of subcutaneous insulin administration guided by appropriate monitoring of blood glucose response. In special cases, such as surgery in the pregnant diabetic, a more complex scheme of management using low dose insulin infusion may be required. Coexistence of another endocrine disease with diabetes should be recognized, since it may lead to otherwise unexpected changes in insulin requirements. A systematic and comprehensive yet flexible approach to the treatment of diabetes before, during, and after surgery puts a successful outcome well within the reach of the modern clinician. PMID- 3917569 TI - Inhibition by antiserum to rat growth hormone-releasing factor of growth hormone secretion induced by a met5-enkephalin analog, FK33-824, in rats. AB - A Met5-enkephalin analog, FK33-824 (5, 10 and 20 micrograms/100 g body wt, iv) caused a dose-related increase in plasma growth hormone (GH) in urethane anesthetized male rats. Pretreatment with cysteamine (30 mg/100 g body wt, sc), a depletor of hypothalamic somatostatin, increased the plasma GH response to FK33 824 (10 micrograms/100 g body wt, iv). Antiserum specific for rat GH-releasing factor (GRF) (0.5 ml/rat, iv) blunted GH release induced by FK33-824 (10 micrograms/100 g body wt, iv) in rats with or without cysteamine pretreatment. These results suggest that GH secretion induced by the opioid peptide is mediated, at least in part, by hypothalamic GRF in the rat. PMID- 3917570 TI - Benefits of the CO2 laser in oral hemangioma excision. AB - Twenty-one patients with small localized oral cavity hemangiomas of the lips, tongue, and buccal mucosa are reported in this series. Although the lesions were not massive or high-flow/high-pressure vascular tumors, the simultaneous cutting and coagulation capabilities of the CO2 laser were demonstrated, rendering such excisional surgery more precisely and easily accomplished with a great deal less bleeding and a marked reduction in postoperative pain and edema. Many of the patients in this series were done as outpatients under local anesthesia. Results were acceptable and complications were minimal. Thus this laser is recommended both for the patient care and comfort aspects and the ability to render oral cavity hemangioma excisional surgery much more safely and easily done with a significant decrease in hospital utilization and overall medical expenses. PMID- 3917571 TI - Heart-lung transplantation: the postoperative chest radiograph. AB - The postoperative chest radiographs of 10 patients who had undergone heart-lung transplantation at Stanford University Medical Center were evaluated and compared with those of 10 consecutive cardiac transplantation patients and 10 consecutive coronary artery bypass graft patients. In the second week after surgery, we observed an interstitial radiographic pattern in the heart-lung transplantation patients but not in the other two patient populations. This pattern, which did not correspond with any clinical evidence of infection, rejection, fluid overload, or oxygen toxicity, may represent the reimplantation response described in dogs and primates following transplantation of a single lung. This response may be related to the interruption of bronchial circulation, the denervation of both lungs, and the lymphatic interruption that occur during transplantation. It may also be related to the obligatory period of ischemia that is incurred during implantation. PMID- 3917572 TI - Accidental Cs-137 contamination. AB - Widespread use of radionuclides in medicine and industry poses the possibility of radiation accidents. We describe such an occurrence involving three industrial workers. The accident resulted from careless handling of a Cs-137 source. Evaluation of the Cs-137 whole body burden was carried out using stationary and scanning whole body counters. In addition, regional and whole body activity from contamination was assessed using an uncollimated gamma camera. This report emphasizes the value of the gamma camera for detection of radionuclide contamination in radiation accidents. PMID- 3917573 TI - Trypanosomiasis research. PMID- 3917574 TI - B lineage--specific interactions of an immunoglobulin enhancer with cellular factors in vivo. AB - The mouse heavy chain immunoglobulin gene contains a tissue-specific enhancer. The enhancer and flanking sequences were studied in vivo by carrying out dimethyl sulfate protection experiments on living cells, in combination with genomic sequencing. Relative to reactions on naked DNA, there are changes (protections and enhancements) in the reactivity of guanine residues to dimethyl sulfate within the enhancer sequence in myeloma, B, and early B cells, whereas virtually no alterations appear in cells of non-B lineage. Most of the affected residues are in four clusters, in sequences homologous to the octamer 5'CAGGTGGC 3' (C, cytosine; A, adenine; G. guanine; T, thymine). The alterations in the pattern of G reactivity are consistent with the tissue-specific binding of molecules to the mouse immunoglobulin heavy chain enhancer. PMID- 3917575 TI - Immunoglobulin heavy-chain enhancer requires one or more tissue-specific factors. AB - Enhancer sequences are regulatory regions that greatly increase transcription of certain eukaryotic genes. An immunoglobulin heavy-chain variable gene segment is moved from a region lacking enhancer activity to a position adjacent to the known heavy-chain enhancer early in B-cell maturation. In lymphoid cells, the heavy chain and SV40 enhancers bind a common factor essential for enhancer function. In contrast, fibroblast cells contain a functionally distinct factor that is used by the SV40 but not by the heavy-chain enhancer. The existence of different factors in these cells may explain the previously described lymphoid cell specificity of the heavy-chain enhancer. PMID- 3917576 TI - Amino terminal myristylation of the protein kinase p60src, a retroviral transforming protein. AB - The transforming protein of Rous sarcoma virus, p60src, was shown to be acylated at its amino terminus with the long-chain fatty acid myristic acid by isolation of a tryptic peptide with the following structure: myristylglycylserylseryllysine. The occurrence of this unusual posttranslational modification in the cyclic adenosine monophosphate-dependent protein kinase and in several transforming protein kinases of mammalian retroviruses suggests that myristylation of the amino terminal glycyl residue may be critical for the function of certain proteins related to cell transformation and growth control. PMID- 3917577 TI - Experimental leprosy in three species of monkeys. AB - Eleven mangabey monkeys inoculated with Mycobacterium leprae developed lepromatous-type leprosy. Nine of the mangabeys were inoculated with M. leprae isolated from a mangabey with naturally acquired lepromatous leprosy. Immune function was depressed in some of these animals after dissemination of the disease. Two mangabeys developed lepromatous leprosy after inoculation with human M. leprae passaged in an armadillo. Three rhesus and three African green monkeys inoculated with mangabey-derived M. leprae also developed lepromatous leprosy. Mangabeys may be the first reported nonhuman primate model for the study of leprosy. Rhesus and African green monkeys may also prove to be reproducibly susceptible to the disease. PMID- 3917578 TI - Insulin mediators from rat skeletal muscle have differential effects on insulin sensitive pathways of intact adipocytes. AB - The effects of partially purified insulin-generated mediators from rat skeletal muscle were compared to those of insulin on intact adipocytes. Insulin and insulin mediator stimulated both pyruvate dehydrogenase and glycogen synthase activity of intact adipocytes. In contrast, insulin stimulated glucose oxidation and 3-O-methylglucose transport, whereas insulin-generated mediators had no effect. Insulin-generated mediators cannot account for all the pleiotropic effects of insulin, especially membrane-controlled processes. PMID- 3917579 TI - Anemia, renal insufficiency, and hypercalcemia in a man with hyperthyroidism. PMID- 3917580 TI - Mucorsinusitis in diabetes. PMID- 3917581 TI - Neuron-specific enolase and neurofilament protein as markers of differentiation in medulloblastoma. AB - Immunocytochemical localization of neuron-specific enolase was performed attempting evaluation for neuronal cell differentiation in medulloblastoma. Twenty-seven cases of human medulloblastomas were stained with anti-neuron specific enolase and antineurofilament protein serum using the peroxidase antiperoxidase technique. All medulloblastomas showed neuron-specific enolase immunoreaction but only few had neurofilament protein-positive cells. These results suggest that a practically universal tendency towards neuronal cell differentiation occurs in medulloblastomas and that synthesis of neuron-specific enolase takes place before sufficient amounts of neurofilament protein are produced to become immunocytochemically detectable. PMID- 3917582 TI - S-9 metabolic activation enhances aflatoxin-mediated transformation of C3H/10T1/2 cells. AB - The use of a rat liver S-9 metabolic activation system to enhance aflatoxin B1 mediated transformation of C3H/10T1/2 cells was studied. Under conditions of metabolic activation, the cytotoxicity of Aflatoxin B1 (AFB) was increased approximately 10-fold over that observed in the absence of activation. Similarly, activation increased the transformation of these cells treated with 1 microgram/ml AFB1 greater than 10-fold when cells were treated in the absence of activation with 1 microgram/ml AFB1 for 3 hr, and four-to-fivefold over the transformation observed when cells were treated for 48 hr with 1 microgram/ml AFB1. This same activation procedure also induced the transformation of these cells treated with 10 and 20 micrograms/ml cyclophosphamide in the absence of activation. The use of S-9 metabolic activation greatly increased the sensitivity of AFB1-mediated transformation of C3H/10T1/2 cells, and should expand the range of chemical carcinogens, requiring metabolic activation, in particular mycotoxins related to AFB1, that can be effectively detected and studied in the C3H/10T1/2 cell transformation assay. PMID- 3917583 TI - [Action of low doses of ionizing radiation on DNA repair processes]. PMID- 3917584 TI - A non-intensive stroke unit reduces functional disability and the need for long term hospitalization. AB - In a prospective controlled trial we compared the clinical outcome for unselected acute stroke patients in a non-intensive stroke unit (n = 110) and in general medical wards (n = 183). The patients were comparable in age, marital state and functional impairment on admission. Case fatality rates over the first year after the stroke were similar in the two groups. By three months after the stroke, 15% of the survivors initially admitted to the stroke unit and 39% of those admitted to general medical wards remained hospitalized (p less than 0.001). The corresponding figures by one year after the cerebrovascular accident were 12% and 28%, respectively (p less than 0.05). A greater proportion of surviving stroke unit patients was independent in walking (0.10 greater than p greater than 0.05), personal hygiene (p less than 0.05) and dressing (p less than 0.001). Essential features of the stroke unit are team work headed by a stroke nurse, staff, patient and family education and very early onset of rehabilitation. We conclude that this strategy improves functional outcome and reduces the need for long-term hospital care. PMID- 3917585 TI - Cerebral distribution of 133-Xe and blood flow measured with high purity germanium. AB - Distribution of cerebral blood flow was measured with an array of 200 ultra-pure germanium radiation detectors and 133-Xe by inhalation. The array "sees" the head as a composite of different subvolumes and enables measurement of the concentration history of tracer every 1-10 sec in each subvolume simultaneously. Subvolume mean flows, (fm), and partition coefficients, lambda m, are derived by compartmental analysis of tissue concentration washout curves. Errors from "cross talk," scalp radiation, "look through," and assumed partition coefficients are eliminated. Average fm adjusted for 40 mm Hg PACO2 in 14 cortical subvolumes (7 right, 7 left) of four normal 21-24 year old controls ranged from 50 to 60 ml/100 cc tissue/min, and lambda m ranged from 0.97 to 1.14. Average fm and lambda m in white matter was 24 ml/100 cc/min and 1.42 - 1.14 respectively. During CO2 inhalation, right and left hemispheric fm increased 6.4% and 5.7%/mm Hg respectively, whereas white matter fm increased 2.2% and 3.4% mm Hg respectively. There was no systematic difference between front and back or dominant vs non dominant sides. Three 73-84 year old controls had reduced fm and CO2 reactivity in all subvolumes, lambda m was in the same range as in younger controls. Two patients with intracranial cerebrovascular disease showed excellent localization of ischemic subvolumes. One patient with asymptomatic unilateral 98% stenosis of the internal carotid artery had a similar distribution of blood flow in both hemispheres. PMID- 3917586 TI - Pretreatment of islets with anti-Ia monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 3917587 TI - The genetics of bone marrow transplantation in the rat. AB - We have used a variety of standard inbred, recombinant, and congenic rat strains to establish the effect of MHC and non-MHC genetic incompatibilities on bone marrow transplantation. The role of these loci in the successful establishment of bone marrow engraftment was first determined by examining the potential of donor marrow to protect recipient rats from a lethal dose of the myeloablative drug busulfan. Similar donor/recipient combinations were then used to examine the effects of the same incompatibilities on the induction of fatal graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in recipients conditioned with a combination of busulfan and cyclophosphamide. The data obtained indicate that: (1) a difference for the entire MHC of the rat is sufficient to prevent marrow engraftment and to produce fatal GVHD; (2) the class I RT1.A locus of the rat MHC has a differential effect on bone marrow transplantation, since disparity for this locus prevents successful marrow engraftment, while this gene has little effect on the development of fatal GVHD; (3) disparity for the class I RT1.E locus has no effect on bone marrow engraftment and does not stimulate GVHD; (4) disparity for the class II locus, RT1.D, can prevent marrow engraftment and elicit fatal GVHD; and (5) incompatibility for non-MHC genes can prevent the establishment of bone marrow engraftment and elicit fatal GVHD. PMID- 3917588 TI - Portal blood pressure after intrahepatic megaislet allotransplantation in rats. PMID- 3917589 TI - Carbon dioxide laser microsurgical vasovasostomy. AB - Microsurgical carbon dioxide (CO2) laser vasovasostomy was successfully achieved by fusion coagulation of protein under similar laboratory conditions as those seen in the operating room. Speed of performance, patent lumen, and lack of granuloma formation support the CO2 laser's ability to simplify this technique. PMID- 3917590 TI - Antiviral activity of natural and recombinant human leukocyte interferons in tobacco protoplasts. AB - Several purified species of human leukocyte interferon, including recombinant interferons, inhibit the multiplication of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) in tobacco protoplasts derived from various cultivars. Viral RNA accumulation was determined by dot-blot hybridization to specific cDNA probes, and virus antigen was determined serologically. Interferon apparently inhibited both TMV-RNA replication and its expression into coat protein. However, these effects were of limited duration. Maximum effect was obtained when interferon was applied to the cells either prior to inoculation or within the first hour after inoculation. Antibodies to interferon abolished its antiviral activity in protoplasts. Tobacco protoplasts were about 1000 times more responsive to interferon than the reference animal viral-cell system and showed an "antiviral state" at a ratio of 1 molecule of interferon per cell. PMID- 3917591 TI - Another look at comparable worth: paycheck challenge of the 80's. PMID- 3917592 TI - Chemical dependency. Part III. Rehabilitation: recovery is a lifelong journey. PMID- 3917593 TI - Our right to know. PMID- 3917594 TI - Percutaneous transhepatic hyperalimentation for patients with biliary drainage catheters. PMID- 3917595 TI - Urinary milk of calcium in children and adults: use of gravity-dependent sonography. AB - Fifteen cases with urinary milk of calcium (UMC) are presented, all of them secondary to urinary obstruction: ureteropelvic junction stenosis (three cases), staghorn calculus (two), caliceal diverticulum (five), and pyelogenic cyst (five). Four patients (aged 7-19) are the youngest with this affliction reported to date. Milk of calcium proximal to a staghorn calculus has not been described previously. Gravity-dependent sonography was the most efficient and sensitive method of diagnosis. Follow-up of 1-16 years showed the formation and gradual increase in the quantity of UMC without evidence of gross calculus formation within the milk. In two patients, there was spontaneous, partial drainage of UMC. PMID- 3917596 TI - The role of imaging in infertility management. AB - In a retrospective review of 211 female infertility patients receiving ovulation induction agents, the role of sonography in infertility management is defined. Sonography is used to determine imminence of ovulation for timing of insemination and in vitro fertilization. It is also used to diagnose ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. To identify characteristics of the ovarian follicles of women able to conceive that might differentiate them from those unable to become pregnant, patients were assigned to "pregnant" (30.8%) or "nonpregnant" subgroups. In 259 sonographically monitored cycles reviewed, follicular size and configuration were not different for the two groups. The cumulus oophorus was seen in 28% of pregnant patients (8/28) and in only two nonpregnant patients. Low-level echoes were seen in the mature follicles of 11 patients but not in the large follicles of nonpregnant patients. Low-level intrafollicular echogenicity may be a prognostic indicator of fertility and may represent a periovulatory state, optimal, in the appropriate clinical setting, for artificial insemination or in vitro fertilization. PMID- 3917597 TI - Association of methemoglobinemia and intravenous nitroglycerin administration. AB - Significant elevation of arterial methemoglobin levels has been reported with the administration of intravenous (i.v.) nitroglycerin (NTG). To determine the incidence and clinical significance of this side effect of i.v. NTG, serial arterial methemoglobin levels were determined in 50 consecutive patients receiving i.v. NTG for 48 hours or longer. The mean i.v. NTG infusion rate was 290 +/- 13 micrograms/min (4.1 +/- 0.2 micrograms/kg/min) and the mean duration of infusion was 7.1 +/- 0.5 days. The mean methemoglobin level for the 141 samples was 1.57 +/- 0.08%, which differs from the control mean value in our laboratory of 0.44 +/- 0.01%. Although no patient had clinical symptoms from methemoglobin, 20 patients had elevated (greater than 1%) levels on at least 1 measurement. Seventy-eight of the 141 samples analyzed were in the normal range; 63 determinations were between 2 and 5%. Patients with normal methemoglobin levels differed from those with abnormal levels in the dose of i.v. NTG (mean infusion rate 244 +/- 16 vs 351 +/- 17 micrograms/min; total cumulative dose 1,612 +/- 153 vs 3,398 +/- 308 mg). Age, weight, renal and hepatic function, and arterial oxygen saturation were not different between the groups. In conclusion, clinically significant methemoglobinemia is uncommon with i.v. NTG infusion; however, when large doses of NTG are administered, this complication is more likely. PMID- 3917598 TI - Incomplete and delayed bioavailability of sublingual nitroglycerin. AB - Eight healthy male volunteers received 16 doses of sublingual nitroglycerin tablets (0.4 mg). After 8 minutes, each subject rinsed out his mouth to halt the drug absorption process. The mouth rinses were assayed by high-performance liquid chromatography for residual nitroglycerin content. Each subject also received intravenous infusions of nitroglycerin so that the absolute bioavailability could be evaluated. Plasma nitroglycerin concentrations were determined using a specific and sensitive capillary gas chromatographic method capable of quantifying 25 pg/ml of nitroglycerin. The mean bioavailability (+/- standard deviation) of sublingual nitroglycerin, estimated from plasma concentrations, was 36.2 +/- 24.9% (range 2.6 to 113%). The amount of drug not absorbed after 8 minutes, as determined from the analysis of the mouth rinses, varied from 2.7 to 65.8% (mean 31.4 +/- 18.9%) of the administered sublingual dose. Mean nitroglycerin peak concentrations of 1.89 +/- 1.64 ng/ml were obtained at a mean peak time of 5.3 +/- 2.3 minutes. Thus, sublingual absorption is not instantaneous and can be relatively slow, with peak times of as long as 10 minutes. These data indicate that nitroglycerin pharmacokinetic values should not be estimated only from sublingual doses. Additionally, attempts to correlate pharmacodynamic measurements to sublingual doses must take into account the low and variable bioavailability and the potentially long peak times after sublingual nitroglycerin administration to patients. PMID- 3917600 TI - Hyperalimentation-associated jaundice: an example of a serum factor inducing cholestasis in rats. AB - A patient receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN) at home following emergency resection of the small intestine was studied over a two year interval. Cholestatic jaundice developed after 6 months. A factor in serum was found to produce cholestatic changes in the bile flow of rats on intravenous infusion. Normal human serum and saline infusion did not produce this cholestasis. Endotoxin infusion in the rat produced a similar impairment in bile flow. The hypothesis was proposed that endotoxin might be an occult factor contributing to cholestasis in this case. An antiserum prepared to an endotoxin isolated from a sequestered E. coli infection in this patient, ameliorated the cholestatic effects of the patients' serum in rats. The possible role of endotoxin in the cholestasis of the TPN-induced jaundice in this patient is presented and discussed. PMID- 3917599 TI - Thirty years of fluoridation: a review. AB - Fluoride contributes to stability of both teeth and bones and to reduction of caries, especially if ingested before eruption of teeth. Reduction of caries continues at about 60% in persons drinking fluoridated water only as long as fluoride washes over teeth. One-half the population of the US does not have access to water with an optimal fluoride concentration of about 1 mg/L. Misinformation about fluoridation contributes to reluctance of communities to supplement the natural but inadequate fluoride of those water supplies. Fluoridation of water has no positive or negative effect on incidence or mortality rates due to cancer, heart disease, intracranial lesions, nephritis, cirrhosis, mongoloid births, or from all causes together. The collective decision to increase the natural fluoride content of water supplies is not an infringement of civil rights, nor does it establish a precedent in the binding sense of the law. Supplemental fluoride in water makes it available to all members of the community in a safe, practical, economical and reliable manner. Fluoridation saves money in dental costs and time lost from work. Fluoridation is an appropriate action of government in promoting the health and welfare of society. PMID- 3917601 TI - Clinical and nutritional implications of radiation enteritis. AB - The clinical and nutritional significance of radiation enteritis was assessed in eight patients with chronic diarrhea which followed curative doses of radiotherapy for pelvic malignancies. Steatorrhea, found in seven malnourished patients, was ascribed to ileal disease or previous surgery, or to bacterial contamination of the small intestine. Lactose intolerance, assessed by breath hydrogen excretion after oral lactose and by jejunal lactase levels, was found in six patients. In a subgroup of five patients, the administration of two different defined formula liquid diets by nasoduodenal infusion decreased fecal fluid and energy losses by about one-half. Compared to Vivonex-HN, the infusion of Criticare-HN was associated with greater likelihood of intestinal gas production but a three-fold greater utilization of protein. Intestinal malabsorption and malnutrition in radiation enteritis has diverse etiologies. Whereas nutritional support by liquid diet limits fecal fluid and energy losses, these diets differ significantly in clinical tolerance and biologic value. PMID- 3917602 TI - A long-term study of hemophilic arthropathy of the knee joint on a program of Factor VIII replacement given at time of each hemarthrosis. AB - Because there is little available data to demonstrate whether demand therapy is adequate to prevent progression of hemophilic arthropathy, a cohort of 64 patients with severe Hemophilia A (Factor VIII level less than 1%) and no inhibitor were studied with respect to the progression of knee arthropathy over a period of 6 years. Both degree of disease in flexion and extension and progression of disease were rated on an arbitrary scale. At the outset of the study, the majority of knees were either not restricted or mildly restricted as to motion. Of those knees that were not restricted at the outset, 96% remained not restricted. Of the knees that were mildly restricted, only 58% remained stable or improved over the 6 years, and of the knees that were moderately to severely restricted, 75% improved or remained stable. It thus appears that a demand therapy program can maintain normal range of motion in a knee joint. However, if the patient's joint has progressed to mild disease, the ability to maintain or improve the joint with demand therapy appears to be decreased. PMID- 3917603 TI - Cancer and malnutrition--a critical interaction: a review. PMID- 3917604 TI - Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis and monoclonal gammopathy. AB - A case of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis associated with nephrotic syndrome, hematuria, and edema is reported. Monoclonal IgG-lambda was found in the serum and urine. Renal biopsy revealed diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis with crescent formation. Immunofluorescent study revealed IgG and lambda in a focal segmental distribution. Subepithelial humps were found on electron microscopic examination. A spectacular feature of the deposits was the presence of organized linear fibrils within the humps. Similar fibrils were found in the mesangium and urinary space. Renal function deteriorated rapidly, necessitating hemodialysis in eight months. In addition to the present case, 24 cases of glomerulonephritis associated with "benign" monoclonal gammopathy reported since 1970 are reviewed, and the potential causal relationship between monoclonal gammopathy and glomerular involvement is stressed. PMID- 3917605 TI - Recurrent diabetic ketoacidosis. AB - This report presents and analyzes certain clinical and laboratory findings in 17 patients who were hospitalized repeatedly for diabetic ketoacidosis on a municipal hospital medical service during the early 1970s and the early 1980s. The 17 patients had a total of 92 hospitalizations for ketoacidosis during the survey periods. During the 1970s, most of the frequent recurrences occurred in young women, as has often been noted by others. In recent years, however, the number of patients with frequent recurrences hospitalized at Bronx Municipal Hospital Center has declined, and most of the patients have been young men. There is no obvious explanation for the latter trend. The laboratory findings were analyzed in order to learn whether they were similar in each patient during his or her recurrent admissions. In a few patients, blood pH, hemoglobin concentration, serum glucose level, anion gap, and osmolarity tended to be similar during their repeated hospitalizations. In the majority of the patients, however, there was significant variation in most of these laboratory indexes, except for the serum osmolarities and blood hemoglobin concentrations. The similarity of the serum osmolarities and hemoglobin concentrations in sequential episodes in most of the patients suggested that a certain severity of dehydration may have been the main factor that led them to seek hospitalization. PMID- 3917606 TI - Comparison of the therapeutic efficacy of cromolyn sodium with that of combined chlorpheniramine and cimetidine in systemic mastocytosis. Results of a double blind clinical trial. AB - Both antihistamines and cromolyn sodium have been suggested for the treatment of systemic mastocytosis. To determine if one drug regimen was superior to the other, eight patients with systemic mastocytosis were admitted to a double-blind, double-crossover study in which the therapeutic efficacy of cromolyn sodium was compared with that of a combination of chlorpheniramine and cimetidine. Response to therapy was assessed by the patients using symptom scores and by the attending physicians during clinic examinations in addition to sequential plasma and urinary histamine determinations. In the six patients who completed the trial, the patient symptom scores and the physician evaluations indicated that there was no advantage of one drug regimen over the other. Plasma and urinary histamine levels, markedly elevated in most of the patients, were not consistently altered by administration of either cromolyn sodium or the combined antihistamines. Thus, cromolyn sodium and the combined antihistamines were indistinguishable when used for the symptomatic treatment of systemic mastocytosis, and neither regimen altered systemic histamine levels. PMID- 3917607 TI - Burn care. The nutrition factor. PMID- 3917608 TI - Adhesion formation and histologic reaction with polydioxanone and polyglactin suture. AB - A suture material associated with a minimal inflammatory response might be expected to induce less frequent and less severe peritoneal adhesions. A comparison between polydioxanone and polyglactin 910 suture was performed in a rabbit model. Ten sexually mature virgin female New Zealand white rabbits underwent laparotomy and bilateral incisions into the distal uterine cavities. The serosa of the left uterine horn was always reapproximated with polyglactin 910 suture whereas the right uterine horn was repaired with polydioxanone suture. All animals were put to death 28 days later. An adhesion score was given for each uterine horn. Representative sections were obtained for histologic review. Similar histologic responses were found in both groups. No significant difference was noted in adhesion scores between the two sutures. The present study cannot justify the use of one of these sutures over the other with regard to adhesion formation or tissue reaction. PMID- 3917609 TI - Carbon dioxide laser for combination excisional-vaporization conization. AB - Extensive cervical intraepithelial neoplasia may simultaneously involve large areas of the ectocervix, even extending to the vaginal fornices, as well as the endocervical canal. In such instances conventional sharp knife conization would result in virtual removal of the cervix if the surgeon wished to completely circumscribe the entire lesion. By combining a narrow carbon dioxide laser excisional conization with ectocervical vaporization, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia may be eradicated by a virtually bloodless surgical procedure and fertility may be preserved. Sixty-one combination conizations with 6 months to 4 years of follow-up are reported. In 95% of the cases biopsy demonstrated cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in three or more ectocervical quadrants, and 16% had extension of disease into the vagina. The technique of combination conization uses 20 to 30 W of power and 1/2 to 1 mm spots for excision and 10 to 15 W and 1 to 1.5 mm spots for vaporization. The average time to complete the entire procedure was 21 minutes. In three of 61 cases endocervical margins were positive; there were no instances of persistence of neoplasia at either the ectocervical or the vaginal margins. Four complications were observed, all related to delayed bleeding; however, only two patients required the placement of a suture. The volume of tissue removed by a large excisional conization is more than two times greater than that of a laser combination conization. PMID- 3917610 TI - Ocular findings in a new heritable syndrome of brain, eye, and urogenital abnormalities. AB - We studied the clinical and histopathologic ocular findings in four related males with a newly recognized syndrome consisting of microphthalmos, microencephaly, mental retardation, agenesis of the corpus callosum, hypospadius, and cryptorchidism with X-linked recessive inheritance. The ocular abnormalities include microphthalmos, corneal pannus and hypoplasia, cataracts, uveal hypoplasia, retinal dysplasia, optic nerve hypoplasia, and congenital blepharoptosis. In case 4, a female twin who died in utero (at 15 weeks' gestation) showed none of the ocular abnormalities. PMID- 3917611 TI - Differential stimulation of PGE2 synthesis in mesangial cells by angiotensin and A23187. AB - The mechanism of arachidonic acid release and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) synthesis was studied in cultured mesangial cells from rat kidneys. Both the ionophore A23187 and angiotensin II stimulated radioimmunoassayable PGE2 synthesis. The effect of angiotensin occurred within minutes, with half-maximal stimulation around 10(-9) M. In cells prelabeled with [14C]arachidonate, A23187 caused release of [14C]-arachidonate from all phospholipids. In contrast, angiotensin II caused preferential release of [14C]arachidonate from phosphatidylinositol, associated with a significant increase in 14C-labeled phosphatidic acid, mono- and diacylglyceride, and arachidonate. These results indicate that angiotensin preferentially, but not exclusively, stimulates a phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C, whereas A23187 results in unspecific stimulation of phospholipases. The tight coupling between an angiotensin-responsive phospholipid arachidonate pool and cyclooxygenase may be responsible for the specificity of the response to angiotensin. PMID- 3917612 TI - Staphylococcal alpha-toxin-induced PGI2 production in endothelial cells: role of calcium. AB - Studies in erythrocytes indicate that staphylococcal alpha-toxin generates discrete transmembrane channels with an effective diameter of 2-3 nm. In cultured, confluent, pig pulmonary arterial endothelial cells we studied the triggering of the arachidonic acid cascade and its dependence on calcium influx, possibly through toxin-created pores. In endothelial cells alpha-toxin time dependently (5-30 min) and dose dependently (0.1-8 micrograms/ml) stimulated the release of radiolabeled arachidonic acid and prostacyclin (PGI2) production in similar amounts as the calcium ionophore A23187 (10 microM). Preincubation of alpha-toxin with neutralizing antibodies abolished the effect. The toxin response was strictly dose dependent on extracellular calcium but not on magnesium. The toxin effect was accompanied by an up to 10-fold increased passive permeability of pulmonary arterial endothelial cells for 45Ca. Interference with calcium calmodulin function (trifluoperazine, W7) dose dependently reduced production of PGI2, but blockers of physiological calcium channels (verapamil, nimodipine, nisoldipine, and diltiazem) did not. In contrast to the effect of the ionophore A23187, the toxin effect was accompanied by a release of potassium, but in neither system was there a release of lactate dehydrogenase. In addition, alpha toxin but not ionophore-exposed endothelial cells showed an increased passive influx of small radiolabeled markers (45Ca and [3H]sucrose) but not of large markers [( 3H]inulin and [3H]dextran). These data are consistent with the concept that alpha-toxin triggers the arachidonic acid cascade in pulmonary arterial endothelial cells by calcium influx and suggest that this calcium influx may proceed through toxin-created transmembrane channels. PMID- 3917613 TI - "On" and "off" responses of guinea pig ureter. AB - The in vitro guinea pig ureter responds to 5-s trains of electrical stimuli with two contractions: the first, an "on" response, occurs within 0.1-0.3 s after the onset of the stimulus train; the second, an "off" response, occurs 0.2-1.0 s after the termination of the stimulus train. Force decreases between the two responses during a time when the stimulus is still being delivered. Longer duration and/or higher frequencies of stimuli within the train are required to elicit the off response than the on response. Neither the on nor the off response appears to be neurally mediated, since both responses are unchanged by tetrodotoxin, phentolamine, atropine, and pyrilamine. Decreasing temperature from 37 to 22 degrees C decreases the amplitude of the on response and increases the amplitude of the off response. Calcium-free solution, 2 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), 1 mM Mn2+, and 1 microM verapamil abolish the on response at a time at which the off response continues to persist. Conversely, 0.5 mM caffeine and 0.1 mM theophylline abolish the off response, whereas they only slightly reduce the on response. These data suggest that the on response depends on extracellular free calcium, whereas the off response is more dependent on bound or stored calcium. PMID- 3917614 TI - TRH-induced membrane hyperpolarization in rat clonal anterior pituitary cells. AB - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) induces biphasic membrane potential changes, a transient hyperpolarization followed by a prolonged enhancement of the generation of action potentials in the clonal GH3 pituitary cell. The nature of the TRH-induced hyperpolarization was studied in Cl--free solutions. Among various test substances, only TRH and its analogue, which stimulates the release of prolactin from the GH3 cells, were capable of inducing the transient membrane hyperpolarization. The Ca2+ ionophore A23187 also caused a transient hyperpolarization accompanied by an increase in the membrane conductance, although it failed to mimic the late facilitation of spike generation. The reversal potential of the TRH-induced hyperpolarization was identical with that induced by A23187. Reduction of the K+ concentration of the bathing medium caused a similar shift of both these reversal potentials toward a more hyperpolarized level. Injection of the Ca2+-chelator EGTA into the cell suppressed both TRH and Ca2+ ionophore-induced hyperpolarizations. These results suggest that TRH mobilizes the cellular-bound Ca, which in turn activates Ca2+-mediated K+ channels, thus causing the transient membrane hyperpolarization. The relationship between the membrane hyperpolarization and the TRH-stimulated hormone release is discussed. PMID- 3917615 TI - Contribution of prostaglandins to dopamine actions in the pancreas of anesthetized dogs. AB - We investigated the effect of dopamine and arachidonic acid on pancreatic blood flow and exocrine secretion in the isolated blood-perfused pancreas of pentobarbital sodium-anesthetized dogs without or with pretreatment with indomethacin or sodium meclofenamate in the absence and during infusion of prostaglandins I2 or E2 (PGI2 or PGE2). Intra-arterial administration of dopamine (50-500 ng/kg) produced an initial vasoconstriction followed by vasodilation and enhanced flow rate of pancreatic exocrine secretion. Arachidonic acid (0.5-5 micrograms/kg) produced vasodilation without altering the flow rate of pancreatic exocrine secretion. In animals pretreated with indomethacin or sodium meclofenamate (10 mg/kg iv), the magnitude and the duration of the biphasic vascular response but not the increase in flow rate of pancreatic exocrine secretion elicited by dopamine were reduced. Arachidonic acid-induced vasodilation was abolished by the cyclooxygenase inhibitors. During infusion of PGI2 or PGE2 (10 ng X kg-1 X min-1 ia), the inhibitory effect of indomethacin or sodium meclofenamate on the vasodilator phase of the response to dopamine was diminished. These data suggest that prostaglandins, presumably PGI2 and PGE2, contribute to the effect of dopamine to increase pancreatic blood flow but not to increase pancreatic exocrine secretion in anesthetized dogs. PMID- 3917616 TI - Increased TSH response to TRH in refractory depressed women. PMID- 3917617 TI - Weight reduction at the work site: a promise partially fulfilled. AB - Three consecutive studies of weight reduction at the work site were conducted with 172 female union members, who participated in 16-week behavioral group programs. There was no significant difference in weight loss over the three studies, but attrition decreased from 57.5% to 33.8% and weight loss maintenance improved. Groups that met three to four times weekly had less attrition than those which met once a week, but had no more weight loss. These behavioral weight reduction programs were as effective as self-help and commercial groups, and lay leaders produced results equivalent to those produced by professional therapists at one-third the cost. PMID- 3917618 TI - Neuroendocrine and personality variables in dysthymic disorder. AB - In an attempt to characterize a subgroup of depressed patients diagnosed as having dysthymic disorder, the authors gave them two commonly used biological tests for depression and several personality inventories and compared the results with those from age- and sex-matched normal control subjects. There were no significant differences between the 11 early-onset dysthymic disorder patients and the 11 controls on the dexamethasone suppression test or the thyrotropin releasing hormone test. The personality questionnaires, however, showed that the dysthymic disorder patients were significantly more neurotic, extrapunitive, and intrapunitive and had significantly lower self-esteem than the control subjects. PMID- 3917619 TI - Benefit-cost analysis of active surveillance of primary care physicians for hepatitis A. AB - We identified two random samples of 216 primary care physicians each. In one sample, we made weekly telephone contact for active hepatitis A (HA) surveillance; in the other, we made no such contact (passive surveillance). Appropriate county health departments were notified whenever we identified a HA case by active surveillance. Active surveillance was associated with a 2.8-fold increase in reported HA cases compared to passive surveillance. The estimated benefit: cost ratio active/passive surveillance was 2.5:1. PMID- 3917620 TI - Percutaneous approaches to enteral alimentation. AB - Feeding gastrostomy and jejunostomy provide effective access for long-term enteral nutrition. Traditional operative techniques for the performance of these procedures requires laparotomy and often, general anesthesia. This report describes our experience with two relatively new methods, percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy and percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy. Results of percutaneous gastrostomy and jejunostomy to date in 323 cases include a morbidity of 5.9 percent and a 0.3 percent operative mortality. Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy and jejunostomy should become the procedures of choice for the establishment of enteral access in patients requiring long-term enteral alimentation. PMID- 3917621 TI - Postoperative enteral versus parenteral nutritional support in gastrointestinal surgery. A matched prospective study. AB - The effects of an elemental-enteral diet administered by a needle catheter jejunostomy or central total parenteral nutrition were prospectively studied in 15 patients undergoing abdominal operations. Infusions were started 1 day after operation and continued for 7 to 10 days. The two nutrient modalities were matched to deliver equal amounts of nitrogen and calories. Both promoted positive nitrogen balance and preserved body weight and serum proteins (albumin, transferrin, thyroxine-binding prealbumin, and retinol-binding protein). Both enteral and parenteral nitrogen caused a similar increase in plasma insulin levels. Pancreatic glucagon, total glucagon, gastrin, and pancreatic polypeptide were also maintained at similar levels in both groups. Plasma vasoactive intestinal polypeptide levels declined in patients receiving total parenteral nutrition but remained stable in the patients who were fed enterally. Both routes caused modest, inconsequential elevations in liver enzymes, but were otherwise equally safe. Patients tolerated total parenteral nutrition far better in the early postoperative period. Patients whose needs are great are probably better treated by total parenteral nutrition. Needle catheter jejunostomy feeding, however, is much less expensive. These studies do not support the commonly held belief that enteral nutrition is a more efficient route for administration of calories and protein. PMID- 3917622 TI - Unifying concepts in treatment of esophageal leaks. AB - We treated 75 patients with esophageal trauma, perforation, or anastomotic leak. Several factors were shown to be associated with an increased mortality, including delayed treatment, presence of severe underlying esophageal disease, total parenteral nutrition catheter infection, the necessity for major extirpative procedures to treat the perforation, and the use of exclusion and diversion in the continuity procedure. The use of local muscle flaps to buttress suture line closure has led to excellent results in the 19 patients so treated. Delayed treatment of perforation or an anastomotic leak is a major problem, but the treatment protocol described herein has led to the survival of 12 of 16 patients treated. The use of primary muscle flap closure for extensive esophageal defects or delayed treatment of nonhealing leaks was evaluated in five patients. All five had healing of the defect, with one resultant esophageal stricture. PMID- 3917623 TI - Dose-related prolongation of the bleeding time by intravenous nitroglycerin. AB - The effects of intravenous nitroglycerin (NTG) upon the bleeding time, platelet aggregation response, and plasma 6-keto-PGF1 alpha concentration were measured in 17 patients about to undergo coronary bypass grafting. NTG produced a dose related prolongation of the bleeding time that correlated with the accompanying decrease in systolic blood pressure. Platelet aggregation was not affected and measurements of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha failed to reveal detectable levels (less than 10 pg/ml) either before or after NTG infusion. This suggests that the prolonged bleeding time associated with NTG infusion may be due to vasodilation and increased venous capacitance, rather than altered vascular-platelet interaction. PMID- 3917624 TI - Intraoperative use of verapamil for nitroglycerin--refractory myocardial ischemia. PMID- 3917625 TI - Further comments regarding drug disposition in the surgical patient. PMID- 3917626 TI - Unit leaders tell where cost cutting hurts. PMID- 3917627 TI - Cost issues spur health care organizing. PMID- 3917628 TI - Acute, long-term care merger needed to aid elderly. PMID- 3917629 TI - Effects of changing inspiratory to expiratory time ratio on carbon dioxide elimination during high-frequency jet ventilation. AB - Clinical observations indicate that gas exchange during high-frequency ventilation can be improved by decreasing the inspiratory to expiratory time ratio (I/E). Decreasing I/E at a fixed frequency may therefore allow a reduction of tidal volume (VT) without affecting gas exchange. This decreased VT may result in lower airway pressures, and thereby reduce the incidence of barotrauma. In order to quantify the effects of I/E on gas exchange, the relationship between carbon dioxide elimination and VT was studied in 6 mongrel dogs at I/E of 1/2, 1/1, and 2/1. Ventilation was provided by a jet-type high-frequency ventilator using a frequency of 5 Hz and VT of 17 to 100% of the anatomic dead space. Carbon dioxide elimination was found to vary inversely with (I/E)0.9, corroborating the clinical observations. These data add further evidence that I/E may be a useful parameter in optimizing high-frequency ventilation and provide a quantitative relationship that can be used to predict the effect that altering I/E will have on gas exchange. PMID- 3917630 TI - Relation of arachidonate metabolites to abnormal control of the pulmonary circulation in a child. AB - To evaluate the role of arachidonate metabolites in regulating pulmonary vascular tone, we performed multiple studies on a 17-month-old girl with idiopathic pulmonary hypertension, systemic arterial hypoxemia (due to ventilation-perfusion mismatching), and an elevated thromboxane A2 (TXA2) to prostacyclin (PGI2) ratio due to increased TXA2 (measured as their stable metabolites, TXB2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, respectively). Intravenous infusions of PGI2 reduced mean pulmonary arterial pressure (from 80 to 47 mmHg), increased cardiac output (from 3.43 to 3.97 L/min), increased systemic arterial oxygen saturation (from 60 to 72 percent), and decreased the TXB2 to 6-keto-PGF1 alpha ratio (from 5.9 to 0.2); mean systemic arterial pressure was unchanged. Pharmacologically decreasing the TXB2 to 6-keto-PGF1 alpha ratio with administration of nifedipine or diltiazem also reduced pulmonary hypertension and increased systemic arterial oxygen saturation in this patient. Nifedipine and diltiazem decreased the ratio by decreasing TXB2. Prostacyclin decreased the ratio by increasing 6-keto-PGF1 alpha. These studies support the hypothesis that the balance between TXA2 and PGI2 is an important influence on pulmonary vascular tone. PMID- 3917631 TI - Eucapnic voluntary hyperventilation of compressed gas mixture. A simple system for bronchial challenge by respiratory heat loss. AB - Eucapnic voluntary hyperventilation (EVH) of cold, dry air has been shown to be an effective stimulus for bronchoconstriction in people with reactive airways. The system for respiratory heat exchange (RHE) challenge can be greatly simplified from what is presently used. A relationship was derived which predicts that a single fraction of inspired CO2 (0.0489) will produce near normal alveolar CO2 over a wide range of voluntary hyperventilation. This relationship was verified in 19 normal subjects who performed a total of 110 periods of hyperventilation with minute ventilation (VE) randomly distributed between 40 and 105 L/min. The experimentally determined CO2 production of the voluntary hyperventilation was found to be 3.72 ml/min per L/min over a range of VE from 40 to 105 L/min. Next, a group of 10 patients with exercise-induced asthma (EIA) were challenged with a standard exercise protocol, ventilating ad libitum from a source of dry air at room temperature. On another day, the same pattern of VE, and hence RHE, was required of them using the simplified EVH scheme. The average decreases in forced expiratory volume in one second and specific airway conductance were 32 +/- 10% and 66 +/- 13%, respectively, after the exercise challenge, and 33 +/- 12% and 73 +/- 12% after EVH. The difference between corresponding mean values was not significant. We conclude that a simplified EVH challenge can be done using a single dry gas mixture without the need for cooling inspired gas or monitoring end-tidal fraction of CO2. This test can be used to identify and study patients with EIA without the requirement for an exercise challenge or the need for elaborate gas conditioning and monitoring equipment. PMID- 3917632 TI - A portable oxygen system corrects hypoxemia without significantly increasing metabolic demands. AB - Some patients with chronic cor pulmonale have hypoxemia only during normal daily activity. This can be corrected by portable oxygen. Whether or not the weight of the apparatus (4.2 kg) adds an additional metabolic demand of sufficient magnitude to cancel or outweigh the advantages of portable oxygen is the subject of this report in 6 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and 2 with kyphoscoliosis. All received standardized treadmill exercise while breathing room air, and the same exercise with a portable liquid oxygen system sitting on the floor or carried by the patients. The additional load created only a 6.7% increase in CO2 production and did not reverse the supplemental oxygen benefit to arterial oxygen saturation under the experimental conditions of the study. PMID- 3917633 TI - Effects of alveolar hypoxia during partial mitral valve obstruction in unanesthetized sheep. AB - The effects of elevated left atrial pressure (Pla) on the pulmonary hemodynamic responses to hypoxia and infused prostaglandin-H2 analog (PGH2-A) were studied in 10 chronically instrumented unanesthetized sheep. Sheep were studied with isocapnic hypoxia (fraction of inspired O2, 0.12) or infused PGH2-A (0.2 to 1.0 micrograms X kg-1 X min-1 adjusted to increase pulmonary artery pressure (Ppa) by approximately 15 cm H2O) when Pla was normal or elevated to 10 or 20 cm H2O. The Pla was elevated by inflating a Foley catheter positioned in the mitral valve orifice. Elevation of Pla did not block the increase in Ppa or cardiac output (CO) caused by hypoxia but did block the increase in pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR). When Pla was elevated to 10 or 20 cm H2O, hypoxia caused Pla to increase further, and PGH2-A caused Ppa and PVR to increase whether Pla was elevated or not; PGH2-A did not cause CO to increase or Pla to increase further under any experimental condition. Neither hypoxia nor PGH2-A had any effect on left ventricular end-diastolic pressure under any experimental condition. We hypothesize that when Pla is elevated, the increase in CO may dilate the pulmonary circulation, obscuring hypoxic vasoconstriction. When Pla is elevated, the direct effects of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction cannot overcome the increased intraluminal pressure, and PVR does not increase. The pulmonary vessels are still able to respond to a potent vasoconstrictor such as PGH2-A when Pla is elevated. We conclude that the further increase in Pla caused by hypoxia when Pla is elevated is primarily due to increased flow across a mitral valve behaving as a relatively fixed resistor. PMID- 3917634 TI - The effect of short-term oxygen supplementation on oxygen hemoglobin affinity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. AB - In 12 hypoxemic patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, the partial pressure of oxygen at which hemoglobin is 50% saturated (P50) and levels of 2,3 diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) were determined under 3 study conditions: (1) while breathing room air, (2) during oxygen supplementation for 72 h sufficient to increase PaO2 above 70 mmHg, and (3) at 72 h after the period of oxygen supplementation. The data showed that in the control period in hypoxemic (PaO2, 52 +/- 6 mmHg), mildly hypercapnic (PaCO2, 47 +/- 6 mmHg) patients with a borderline elevation of pH (7.42 +/- 0.03), there was an increase in P50 (28.6 +/ 1.6 versus a normal value of 26.5 +/- 1; p less than 0.005), and a concomitant increase in 2,3-DPG (19.02 +/- 1.77 mg/g Hb versus a normal value of 13.52 +/- 1.27; p less than 0.005). Nine patients received oxygen for 24 h, and 5 received oxygen for 72 h. In these 5 patients, oxygen supplementation resulted in a shift in P50 to a normal value of 26.7 +/- 1.8 (this value was different from the patients' level while breathing room air and not different from that of the normoxemic control subjects) and a decrease in 2,3-DPG toward but not to a normal value (16.34 +/- 1.92; p less than 0.01). This shift in P50 to the left could be related to the decrease in 2,3-DPG. Accordingly, in patients with COPD who are treated with supplemental oxygen, the net effect on oxygen transport would be a function of the changes produced in PaO2 versus those in hemoglobin-oxygen affinity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3917635 TI - Determination of cardiac output at rest and during exercise by carbon dioxide rebreathing method in obstructive airway disease. AB - We evaluated the accuracy of the CO2 rebreathing method (CO2rb) for measuring cardiac output at rest and during steady-state exercise in 15 patients (mean +/- SD age, 59.7 +/- 7.5 yr) with obstructive airway disease. At rest, there was a significant correlation between direct Fick and CO2rb methods using measured arterial PCO2 (r = 0.70; p = 0.002), but not with using end-tidal PCO2 (r = 0.38; p = NS). During exercise, there was greater correlation with CO2rb using arterial PCO2 (r = 0.79; p = 0.001) than using end-tidal PCO2 (r = 0.63; p = 0.007) compared with the direct Fick determination. Correlation between the CO2rb and direct Fick methods was greater with moderate air-flow obstruction (n = 6) than with severe airway disease (n = 9), and the CO2rb method was more accurate during exercise than at rest. The CO2rb method using either end-tidal or arterial PCO2 underestimated the direct Fick measurement in 13 of 15 patients at rest, which may reflect inadequate equilibration between alveolar and oxygenated mixed venous PCO2. However, no consistent error was observed during exercise when higher CO2 production and an increased venoarterial PCO2 difference would diminish potential inaccuracies. We concluded that the CO2rb technique is an acceptable method for measuring cardiac output during exercise in patients with moderate and severe obstructive airway disease as long as arterial PCO2 is directly measured rather than estimated from end-tidal PCO2. PMID- 3917636 TI - Solvent intoxication with parenteral nitroglycerin. PMID- 3917637 TI - Wernicke's encephalopathy and high-dose nitroglycerin. PMID- 3917639 TI - Endoscopy in the evaluation of dyspepsia. Health and Public Policy Committee, American College of Physicians. PMID- 3917638 TI - Gonococcal infections. AB - Gonorrhea may be the most extensively studied infection of the past 20 years. The gonorrhea epidemic in the United States began in the early 1960s and peaked in 1975. Ironically, since 1976 the declining overall incidence has been offset by the advent of plasmid-mediated beta-lactamase production by Neisseria gonorrhoeae and by a growing problem with outbreaks due to strains with chromosomally mediated penicillin and tetracycline resistance. This new antimicrobial resistance, coupled with the frequency of concurrent chlamydial infection in developed countries and concurrent syphilis in some developing countries, has created a need for new approaches to gonorrhea therapy. With the introduction of certain new antimicrobial agents, highly effective forms of therapy are again available. New approaches to rapid diagnosis are also becoming available, but require critical appraisal. Unfortunately, in most of the world's population, gonorrhea remains epidemic, diagnosis of gonorrhea in women is extremely difficult, and highly effective antimicrobial agents are no longer affordable. Thus, vaccine development remains an extremely important goal. Although no candidate gonococcal vaccine currently holds high promise, the increasing understanding of the biology of the gonococcus and the pathogenesis of gonorrhea will serve to focus future research on vaccine development. PMID- 3917640 TI - Intravenous nitroglycerin and ethanol intoxication. PMID- 3917641 TI - Three years' experience with an intestinal failure unit. AB - The work of a purpose-built unit for the treatment of intestinal failure is described. In the 3 years following its opening the 4-bed unit treated 83 patients who were admitted for a mean of 35 days. Major indications for admission were difficult cases of Crohn's disease, intestinal fistulae and short bowel syndrome. Since the unit opened the mortality rate in this type of patient has fallen from 42% to 20%. The principal treatment used was total parenteral nutrition (TPN) although 52 of the 83 patients also required major surgery. Repeated experience with the same type of clinical problem has led to more efficient patient management and has reduced the complication rate associated with TPN. The unit has acted as a centre for the management of patients needing Home Parenteral Nutrition and has an active role in training nursing and medical staff in intravenous therapy. A plea is made for the establishment of regional intestinal failure units. PMID- 3917642 TI - Lillian Wald at Henry Street, 1893-1895. AB - This article presents historical research into the origins of the Henry Street Settlement on the lower East Side of New York City. It is about Lillian D. Wald and her contributions. Wald used techniques and approaches to deal with problems that exist today: health care equity and financial support from public and private sources. Keys to her success include effective leadership, assertive management, and knowledge of the power structure. The Henry Street Settlement, from its humble origins, set precedents for innovations in public health nursing that have profoundly affected health care in the United States. PMID- 3917643 TI - The nurse registration movement in Great Britain. AB - This historical investigation focuses on the early nurse registration movement in Great Britain and the problems encountered by British nurses involved in the movement. Events in Great Britain enlightened American nurse leaders and guided their struggle for registration and licensure. Although the registration movement in the United States began 16 years after the British movement, American nurses were successful in achieving their goals well in advance of their British counterparts. PMID- 3917644 TI - The American Journal of Nursing and the socialization of a profession, 1900-1920. AB - The editorial position and content of each issue of the first 20 years of the American Journal of Nursing were explored in relation to the emergence of nursing as a profession. Themes identified reflect professional issues, socialization of nurses, and the influences between other major social/political movements. The evidence of the study reveals strong nursing leadership toward (1) legitimatizing nursing as a self-controlled profession and (2) generating reform in nursing and society at large. The evidence of this study contradicts many prevalent popular views about the history of nursing. PMID- 3917645 TI - Emergence of training programs for asylum nursing at the turn of the century. AB - The transition of psychiatric nursing's position during its development from custodial caretaking to a legitimate and unique segment within nursing reveals the interplay of influential social and professional forces. Current renegotiations of professional boundaries in the field of psychiatric care require a historical awareness of previous attempts in defining each discipline's scope of concern. Documentation provided by this article is a contribution to that endeavor. PMID- 3917646 TI - The Nurse Training Act: a historical perspective. AB - In response to a national cry of nursing shortage, the federal government passed the Nurse Training Act of 1964. This article traces the history of this critical nursing legislation, examines its outcomes, and analyzes the effect of the Act on nursing in the future. PMID- 3917647 TI - Florence Nightingale: yesterday, today, and tomorrow. AB - Nurses today continue to incorporate in their practice the insight and foresight of Florence Nightingale, although her clinical acumen and the historical tie are seldom recognized or documented. Qualitative research data that describe good nursing practice from the perspectives of nurses and physicians reflect the relevance and timeliness of Nightingale's century-old yet visionary works to the practice of nursing as it exists in contemporary hospitals. In both eras, the patient is the focal point of nursing care, as nurses concern themselves with disease prevention, health promotion, the physical environment, and psychosocial processes. PMID- 3917648 TI - Microsomal monooxygenase system in Morris hepatoma: purification and characterization of cytochromes P-450 from Morris hepatoma 5123D of 3 methylcholanthrene-treated rats. AB - Two forms of cytochrome P-450 (hepatoma P-450MCI and P-450MCII) were purified from hepatoma 5123D microsomes of tumor-bearing rats treated with 3 methylcholanthrene. Hepatoma P-450MCI had a specific content of 18.4 nmol/mg protein and showed a main protein band with a minimum molecular weight of 56,000 on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel. Hepatoma P-450MCII had a specific content of 7.38 nmol/mg protein and a minimum molecular weight of 50,000. The carbon monoxide-reduced difference spectral peak of hepatoma P-450MCI was at 446.5 nm, whereas the peak of hepatoma P-450MCII was at 451 nm. In the reconstituted system, hepatoma P-450MCI catalyzed 3-hydroxylation of benzo[a]pyrene and O-deethylation of 7-ethoxycoumarin, but showed low activities for N-demethylation of benzphetamine and aminopyrine, O-demethylation of p nitroanisole, and p-hydroxylation of aniline. On the other hand, hepatoma P 450MCII did not catalyze hydroxylation of any of the substrates tested. By Ouchterlony double-diffusion analysis, hepatoma P-450MCI was immunologically indistinguishable from rat liver cytochrome P-450c, but hepatoma P-450MCII was distinct from hepatoma P-450MCI and rat liver cytochrome P-450c. Peptide maps of hepatoma P-450MCI and rat liver cytochrome P-450c after proteolysis with Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease demonstrated the similarity of the two cytochromes P-450. PMID- 3917649 TI - Analysis of the fate of platelet-bound thrombin. AB - The thrombin-platelet interaction was investigated by analysis of the changes in the nature of platelet-associated thrombin during incubations for as long as 30 min. Washed human platelets were incubated with 125I-labeled human alpha-thrombin at either 22 or 37 degrees C. The saturably bound thrombin (total bound minus that bound in the presence of hirudin) was measured after collection of the platelets by centrifugation through a nonaqueous fluid. The rate of dissociation of bound thrombin was measured by addition of hirudin at intervals before centrifugation of the thrombin-platelet mixtures. Four states of thrombin platelet complexes were identified: an initial rapidly equilibrating state; a more slowly dissociating state that formed within 5 min; and a nondissociable state and a large sodium dodecyl sulfate-stable complex that formed within 30 min. Transition from the rapidly equilibrating to the slowly dissociable state required a period of occupancy of activated platelets, but it did not require catalytically active thrombin. The nondissociable state represented 50-80% of the total saturably bound thrombin after a 30-min incubation at 37 degrees C. It formed only slightly at 22 degrees C or with inhibited thrombin. Formation of the sodium dodecyl sulfate-stable complex represented about 50% of platelet associated thrombin after 30 min at 37 degrees C; only slight amounts were detected after incubation at 22 degrees C or with inhibited thrombin. The sodium dodecyl sulfate-stable complex was also found in the supernatant solution, with only about 20% of the total complex bound to platelets. Immunoprecipitation revealed that the complex included the platelet alpha-granule protein glycoprotein G (thrombin-sensitive protein, thrombospondin). It was concluded that only the initial rapidly equilibrating thrombin-platelet association could include binding necessary for platelet activation; transition to the other states requires platelet activation. By better describing the changes that occur in the nature of the binding of thrombin to platelets, this study explains most of the large discrepancies among published descriptions of the binding of thrombin to platelets. PMID- 3917650 TI - Marked differences in the swainsonine inhibition of rat liver lysosomal alpha-D mannosidase, rat liver Golgi mannosidase II, and jack bean alpha-D-mannosidase. AB - Swainsonine, a plant toxin, strongly inhibits certain alpha-D-mannosidases but has no effect on others [D. R. P. Tulsiani, T. M. Harris, and O. Touster (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 7936-7939]. The reversible inhibition of jack bean and lysosomal alpha-D-mannosidases has previously been suggested to be similar in nature but quite complex. Specific differences in the action of swainsonine on these two enzymes and on Golgi mannosidase II are reported. (a) The inhibition of the jack bean mannosidase, but not rat liver lysosomal alpha-D-mannosidase or Golgi mannosidase II, is increased by preincubation with the alkaloid. (b) The inhibition of the jack bean and lysosomal enzymes, but not mannosidase II, is competitive at inhibitor concentrations of less than or equal to 0.5 microM. (c) The inhibition of jack bean alpha-mannosidase is largely irreversible, its very limited reversibility being partially dependent upon the swainsonine concentration used and on the time of preincubation with the inhibitor. On the other hand, the inhibition of lysosomal alpha-mannosidase is largely reversible, as shown by dilution experiments and by the use of [3H]swainsonine. Golgi mannosidase II shows intermediate reversibility, the results indicating two modes of binding; one rapid and irreversible, the other much slower and reversible. PMID- 3917651 TI - [Clinical study on the permeability of FT-207 and 5-FU in primary lung cancer]. AB - Distribution of the FT-207 and 5-FU between plasma and lung tissue as well as tumor tissue was studied in 28 patients with lung cancer after administration of FT-207 preoperatively. Two methods of administration were employed, one is intravenous drip infusion (IV Group) (800 mg/day for three days) and the other is suppository (Supp Group) (750 mg 2/day for three days). The level of FT-207 was higher in plasma than in normal lung tissue or tumor tissue in IV Group. There was no difference in the level of FT-207 between plasma, normal lung tissue and tumor tissue in Supp Group. The level of 5-FU was higher in tumor tissue than in plasma both in IV Group and Supp Group. Furthermore, intravenous drip infusion was more effective method to give FT-207 because of higher level of 5-FU in tumor tissue than in normal tissue. Comparison of the tissue level in IV Group between two histologic types of tumor, i.e. squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma, disclosed that there was no significant difference in the concentration of FT-207 and 5-FU both in normal lung tissue and in tumor tissue. PMID- 3917653 TI - [Randomized controlled trial of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy with bestatin for gastric cancer]. AB - The effectiveness of Bestatin on the prognosis of gastric cancer patients was investigated in a randomized controlled trial of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. One hundred and sixty-two cases of gastrectomized patients were divided into two groups; a Bestatin group (83 cases, 1/2MF'C [mitomycin C 2 mg and cytosine arabinoside 20 mg i.v. twice a week for 3 weeks, FT-207 400 mg/day i.v. for 3 weeks] followed by Bestatin 30 mg/day and FT-207 0.6 g/day p.o.) and a control group (79 cases, 1/2MF'C followed by FT-207 alone). No significant differences in background factors between the two groups were found. Bestatin was slightly effective in improving the three-year survival rates of gastric cancer patients, but this was not significant. However, survival rates in the Bestatin group in Stage II, curatively operated cases, and n (-) ps (+) cases were significantly higher than those of the control group during the same postoperative period. Bestatin prolonged the disease-free interval in curatively resected cases. Thus, efficacy of Bestatin in improving survival rates was observed in the early stages of disease, but it is suggested that combination a stronger chemotherapeutic regimen may be effective in advanced cases. PMID- 3917652 TI - [Preliminary report of adjuvant chemo-endocrine therapy for breast cancer]. AB - Preliminary analysis of adjuvant chemo-endocrine therapy for 193 breast cancer patients was performed. The patients consisted of 38 cases of Stage I, 124 cases of Stage II and 31 cases of Stage III. Therapeutic regimen was randomly divided into three groups; (1) Tamoxifen (TAM), (2) TAM + ftorafur (FT-E) and (3) TAM + FT-E + Adriamycin. Side effects among the three therapeutic groups were comparatively studied. Anorexia and nausea were observed in 1.4%, 17.1% and 60% of the patients, respectively. Leucopenia of less than 3,000 and alopecia were remarkably seen in the patients treated with regimen 3. Liver dysfunction was observed in 10.9% of group 1, 29.5% of group 2 and 13.3% of group 3, respectively. Gastrointestinal symptoms and liver dysfunction were important side effects. PMID- 3917654 TI - [Case report of meningeal carcinomatosis of gastric cancer successfully treated with intrathecal and systemic chemotherapy]. AB - A 36-year-old housewife in the U.S.A. was diagnosed as having gastric cancer with meningeal carcinomatosis and admitted to our hospital in September, 1982. She had severe headache, nausea, vomiting, diplopia and neck stiffness. She was treated by intrathecal chemotherapy using methotrexate, cytosine arabinoside and prednisolone, and by systemic chemotherapy using adriamycin and ftorafur, resulting in complete disappearance of cancer cells from the cerebrospinal fluid and partial response for the primary tumor. She lived for more than 1 year following the first symptoms of her disease and for 10 months following the initiation of chemotherapy. This case suggested the usefulness of employing an intrathecal chemotherapy using methotrexate and cytosine arabinoside with simultaneous systemic chemotherapy for meningeal carcinomatosis of gastric cancer. PMID- 3917655 TI - [The role of radiation therapy in the treatment of lung cancer]. AB - An analysis of the effectiveness of radiotherapy was performed in 165 patients with non-small cell carcinoma of the lung who received more than 4500 cGy as a definitive treatment between April 1980 and March 1983 and survived longer than 2 months after the start of radiotherapy. Of patients with inoperable malignancy, 38.8% for stage II survived 3 years and 27.7% for stage III, while 4.1% of patients with stage IV disease were 2 year survivors. Median survivals of patients for each stage were 24.7, 18.7 and 5.9 months, respectively. As for further analysis of stage III, better results for year-survival rates and median survivals were observed in T1-2 N2 M0 than in T3 N0-1 M0. Based on these results, the role of radiotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer was discussed. PMID- 3917656 TI - Failure of lysine? PMID- 3917657 TI - Thyroid hormones in conditions of chronic malnutrition. A study with special reference to cancer cachexia. AB - Circulating levels of thyroid hormones (T4, free T4, T3) and reverse tri-iodo thyronine (rT3) and thyroid-hormone binding globulin were related to the nutritional state of patients with cancer cachexia, patients with malnutrition due to other reasons and to well-nourished patients with acute illness. Hospitalized weight-stable and well-nourished patients served as controls. Malnourished patients with or without cancer and acutely ill patients had a low T3 syndrome involving both peripheral metabolism of thyroid hormones and the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid gland axis. T3 levels were correlated to altered protein metabolism and protein nutritional state. There were pronounced elevations of circulating rT3 concentrations in patients with serum albumin concentration less than 35 g/l irrespective of diagnosis. The results indicate that the low T3 syndrome in our patients is secondary to insufficient caloric intake. It seems to be maintained by the abnormal nutritional state and is related closely to protein metabolism. The authors found no differences between the low T3 syndrome in cancer patients suffering from cachexia compared with that of patients with malnutrition caused by other factors. PMID- 3917658 TI - Cholecystokinin prophylaxis of parenteral nutrition-induced gallbladder disease. AB - Recent studies indicate that long-term total parenteral nutrition (TPN) induces gallstone formation and acalculous cholecystitis in humans. Cholecystectomy is hazardous for these patients because they frequently have multiple medical problems and have undergone numerous abdominal operations. The present study was designed to develop a method to prevent TPN-induced gallbladder disease. The authors tested the hypothesis that a single daily intravenous infusion of cholecystokinin-octapeptide (CCK-OP) will prevent TPN-induced gallbladder stasis. Eleven prairie dogs received TPN for 10 days. Six of these animals were given a daily infusion of CCK-OP. Control animals were fed ad lib. Each animal's bile salt pool was labeled with intravenous 3H-cholic acid 16 hours prior to acute terminal experiments. The ratio of gallbladder to hepatic bile 3H-cholic acid specific activity (Rsa) provides an index of gallbladder stasis. A Rsa of less than 1.0 indicates gallbladder stasis. TPN animals had a Rsa of 0.54 +/- 0.13 (p less than 0.01 vs. controls), indicating stasis of bile in the gallbladder. Daily CCK-OP infusions resulted in a Rsa of 0.92 +/- 0.10 (p less than 0.05 vs. TPN without CCK-OP), indicating that TPN-induced gallbladder stasis is prevented by daily CCK-OP. Control animals had a Rsa of 1.03 +/- 0.06. The cholesterol saturation indices of gallbladder and hepatic bile were not increased by TPN or CCK-OP. These data indicate that 1) TPN induces gallbladder stasis but does not increase bile lithogenic index; and 2) daily injections of CCK-OP prevent TPN induced gallbladder stasis. PMID- 3917659 TI - A comparison of nitroglycerin and nitroprusside: I. Treatment of postoperative hypertension. AB - Nitroglycerin improves perfusion to ischemic myocardial regions and therefore has theoretical advantages over sodium nitroprusside to treat hypertension (mean arterial pressure [MAP] greater than 95 mm Hg) following coronary bypass operation. Thirty-three hypertensive patients were randomized to an initial infusion of either nitroglycerin or nitroprusside in a crossover trial designed to reduce MAP to 85 mm Hg. Thermodilution cardiac output measurements permitted calculation of left ventricular stroke work index (LVSWI), and nuclear ventriculograms permitted estimation of left ventricular ejection fraction, left ventricular end-diastolic volume index (LVEDVI), and left ventricular end systolic volume index (LVESVI). Coronary sinus blood flow was measured by the continuous thermodilution technique, and arterial and coronary sinus lactate measurements permitted calculation of myocardial lactate flux (MVL). Both nitroglycerin and nitroprusside reduced MAP (-25 +/- 12 mm Hg and -20 +/- 10 mm Hg, respectively; not significant [NS]). Nitroglycerin reduced LVSWI more than did nitroprusside (-15 +/- 13 gm-m/m2 and -7 +/- 9 gm-m/m2, respectively; p less than 0.01). Both agents increased left ventricular ejection fraction (nitroglycerin, +8 +/- 8%, and nitroprusside, +10 +/- 7%; NS), and decreased LVEDVI (-20 +/- 22 ml/m2 and -11 +/- 17 ml/m2, respectively; NS) and LVESVI (-13 +/- 14 ml/m2 and -10 +/- 12 ml/m2, respectively; NS). Coronary sinus blood flow decreased with both drugs (NS), but MVL increased with nitroglycerin (+0.02 +/- 0.14 mmol/min) and decreased with nitroprusside (-0.02 +/- 0.02 mmol/min) (p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3917660 TI - A comparison of nitroglycerin and nitroprusside: II. The effects of volume loading. AB - The treatment of postoperative hypertension with nitroglycerin or nitroprusside reduces cardiac filling, and volume loading is required to maintain hemodynamic and metabolic stability. Postoperative hypertension (mean arterial pressure greater than 95 mm Hg) developed in 33 patients who were randomized to an initial infusion of nitroglycerin or nitroprusside in a crossover trial. Volume loading (a rapid infusion of 250 to 500 ml of colloid to raise the left atrial pressure 2 to 4 mm Hg) was instituted prior to hypertension and again following the crossover trial during the infusion of nitroglycerin (11 patients) and nitroprusside (13 patients). Volume loading increased left ventricular end diastolic volume index (LVEDVI) as documented by nuclear ventriculography, cardiac index (CI), and left ventricular stroke work index (LVSWI). Although CI was higher (p less than 0.01) with nitroprusside at any level of LVEDVI, myocardial performance (the relation between LVSWI and LVEDVI) was not different. Diastolic compliance (the relation between left atrial pressure and LVEDVI) was increased (p less than 0.01) with nitroglycerin. Myocardial metabolism was assessed by calculating myocardial lactate flux (MVL), the product of myocardial lactate extraction and coronary sinus blood flow by the thermodilution technique. Volume loading increased MVL during nitroglycerin therapy and decreased (p less than 0.01) MVL during nitroprusside therapy. Volume loading restored preload and increased CI with both nitroglycerin and nitroprusside. Only nitroglycerin improved myocardial lactate utilization. Nitroglycerin is the preferred vasodilator when ischemia is suspected after coronary bypass operations. PMID- 3917662 TI - Rehabilitation of the severely brain-injured patient: a community-based, low-cost model program. AB - Survival from severe traumatic head injury requires long-term, comprehensive rehabilitation services. While acute, hospital-based rehabilitation services are becoming plentiful, low-cost community educational and socialization services are still rare. Cognitive impairments and behavioral disinhibitions frequently are so severe that traditional community agencies cannot effectively serve them. A unique low-cost program model has been developed and successfully implemented to prepare the most severely head injured for more traditional programs. Individualized programming is provided in a highly structured social setting by a professional teacher and many trained volunteers. PMID- 3917661 TI - Medical problems encountered during rehabilitation of patients with head injury. AB - In the past few years patients having severe head trauma have survived in growing numbers, and it is likely that they will be more frequently seen on rehabilitation units. They display, in addition to direct structural damage, medical and neurologic problems which may be encountered during their rehabilitative phase. The purpose of this study will be to identify those medical and neurologic problems of consequence and describe their frequency of occurrence within a population of head injured patients. A consecutive series of 180 patients with head trauma undergoing rehabilitation were therefore reviewed, and the type and frequency of medical problems were noted. Neurologic, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, respiratory, cardiovascular, skin, musculoskeletal, and endocrinologic problems were encountered most frequently. Of these, ventricular dilatation, posttraumatic seizures, abnormal liver function tests, hypertension, thrombophlebitis, respiratory infections, periarticular heterotopic ossification, and pituitary-hypothalamic dysfunction are discussed in terms of their morbidity, clinical significance, and therapeutic approach. In many instances, these problems were not identified in the acute care hospital. Awareness of these potential conditions during the rehabilitation period can result in early detection and treatment. PMID- 3917663 TI - Mechanisms of action of two new immunomodulators. AB - Despite antibiotics, infection remains a significant problem in surgical patients. The reasons are multiple, and include acquired immunologic deficiencies that are seen in malnutrition, sepsis, trauma, and burns. Two immunomodulators, thymopentin (TP-5) and CP-46,665, have been shown to improve survival in infectious animal models of such deficiencies. We investigated the mechanism of action in guinea pigs subjected to a burn of 30% of the total body surface area. These animals received 0.3 mg/kg of thymopentin, 0.3 mg/kg of CP-46,665, or saline solution. Neutrophils, macrophages, and serum samples were obtained from the animals and tested for their ability to phagocytose and kill Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The serum was tested for its ability to opsonize Escherichia coli. Thymopentin was found to improve neutrophil function on postburn days 2 and 4 and to improve macrophage function on postburn day 4. CP-46,665 was found to improve both macrophage function and opsonization on postburn day 2. PMID- 3917664 TI - Enhanced survival during murine gram-negative bacterial sepsis by use of a murine monoclonal antibody. AB - We developed a murine monoclonal antibody (5B10 MAb) that reacted in vitro specifically to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) obtained from Escherichia coli 0111:B4. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) titers to a variety of gram-negative bacterial whole cell and LPS antigens demonstrated that this antibody may react with the O antigen portion of 0111:B4 LPS. We then examined the ability of this antibody to protect mice in vivo against a challenge of either viable bacteria or purified LPS. One milligram of 5B10 MAb was administered intraperitoneally (IP) and protected against a lethal challenge of either viable E coli 0111:B4 or 0111:B4 LPS, but no other type of bacterial or LPS challenge. Protection occurred in an antibody dose-dependent manner, and as little as 0.01 mg of 5B10 MAb enhanced survival. We concluded that IP pretreatment with a single MAb would protect against lethal sepsis or endotoxemia in this animal model and that anti LPS specificity was a sufficient condition for an antibody to protect during bacteremia, confirming the importance of LPS in the pathogenesis of gram-negative bacterial sepsis. PMID- 3917665 TI - Failure of local immunity. A potential cause of burn wound sepsis. AB - Destruction of the skin barrier by thermal injury removes the major local defense barrier to bacteria. To determine whether a local defect in immunity also existed, the opsonic activity of blister fluid against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa as well as neutrophil chemotaxis were measured. The results of these studies indicated that blister fluid could not opsonize Pseudomonas. A series of repletion experiments indicated that the opsonic defect for Pseudomonas was not due to the presence of inhibitors but was due to the lack of normal serum factor(s). Although both the level of immunoglobulins and complement components in the blister fluid was depressed, the cause of the opsoninopathy appeared to be due to local consumption of complement in the burn wounds. In addition to the opsoninopathy, both neutrophil chemotaxis and random migration were also depressed. In conclusion, a burn injury appears to cause severe impairment of both cellular and humoral local immunity, which could predispose these patients to burn wound sepsis. PMID- 3917666 TI - Oxidation and glucuronidation of valproic acid in male rats--influence of phenobarbital, 3-methylcholanthrene, beta-naphthoflavone and clofibrate. AB - The influence of phenobarbital, clofibrate, 3-methylcholanthrene and beta naphthoflavone on omega- and beta-oxidation as well as on glucuronidation of valproic acid (n-dipropylacetic acid) was evaluated in male Sprague-Dawley rats by determination of urinary excretion of its metabolites by GC-MS after administration of 100 mg/kg. In controls 12% of the dose was excreted within 24 hours, primarily as glucuronides; metabolites formed by oxidation amounted to about 4%. Phenobarbital treatment led to stimulation of 4-hydroxyvalproic acid [(omega-1)-oxidation], 5-hydroxyvalproic acid and n-propylglutaric acid (omega oxidation) excretion. Clofibrate enhanced the excretion of 4-hydroxyvalproic acid and 3-keto-valproic acid, a product of peroxisomal beta-oxidation. beta Naphthoflavone slightly increased the excretion of 5-hydroxyvalproic acid. The most specific effect was found for 3-methylcholanthrene, which was effective in stimulating the formation of 3-hydroxyvalproic acid which might be formed by (omega-2)-oxidation. The addition of fatty acids (olive oil in which 3 methylcholanthrene and beta-naphthoflavone were suspended) led to increased excretion of 3-keto-valproic, 4-hydroxyvalproic and n-propylglutaric acid. The excretion of 3-hydroxyvalproic acid was completely suppressed by olive oil. Such specific effects were not observed for glucuronidation of valproic acid and its metabolites, although stimulation was attained after phenobarbital, clofibrate and 3-methylcholanthrene treatment, because of instability of glucuronide conjugates. Stimulation of valproic acid metabolism was also shown by increased plasma clearance after treatment with phenobarbital. In contrast, clofibrate given once 1 hr before valproic acid inhibited excretion of valproic acid, possibly by competition during renal tubular secretion. Determination of valproic acid metabolites in urine provides a useful tool for evaluation of inducer specificity of short chain fatty acid metabolism and differentiation between microsomal and peroxisomal enzyme activity. PMID- 3917667 TI - Energy metabolism of cardiac cell cultures during oxygen deprivation: effects of creatine and arachidonic acid. PMID- 3917668 TI - Lipid peroxidation, protein synthesis, and protection by calcium EDTA in paracetamol injury to isolated hepatocytes. AB - Hepatocytes from rats treated with phenobarbitone were exposed to 10 mM paracetamol for 1 hr and then incubated in buffered Ringer solution. Enzyme leakage and trypan blue entry became severe in the paracetamol treated cells some 2 hr after the end of exposure. These signs of cell injury could be blocked by 4 mM CaEDTA added during or after paracetamol exposure. CaEDTA did not alter covalent binding of [14C]paracetamol. Ca2+ free media did not prevent paracetamol injury. Lipid peroxidation was observed in cells but could be blocked without protecting the cells. Protein synthesis was depressed early on in cells previously exposed to paracetamol, CaEDTA did not protect against this inhibition. These observations suggest that an early cytoplasmic lesion develops into a later lethal lesion at the cell surface. PMID- 3917669 TI - Metabolism of a potential 8-aminoquinoline antileishmanial drug in rat liver microsomes. AB - The metabolism of the 8-aminoquinoline, 8-(6-diethylaminohexylamino)-6-methoxy lepidine dihydrochloride (WR 6026 X 2HCl), was studied in a rat hepatic microsomal system. The results show that WR 6026 X 2HCl was metabolized into two more polar compounds. The structures of these metabolites as proven by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, ultraviolet absorption, and high performance liquid chromatography were: 8-(6-ethylaminohexylamino)-6-methoxy-lepidine (metabolite 1) and 8-(6-diethylaminohexylamino)-6-methoxy-4-hydroxymethyl quinoline (metabolite 2). The formation of both metabolites was NADPH dependent and also linearly dependent on incubation time and microsomal protein concentration at 0.24 mM WR 6026 X 2 HCl. Studies on the effects of pretreatment of animals with either phenobarbital or Aroclor 1254 suggest that cytochrome P 450 isozymes catalyzed both N-deethylation and hydroxylation reactions. N deethylase activity was induced by either pretreatment: however, hydroxylase activity was unaffected by phenobarbital pretreatment and significantly elevated by Aroclor 1254 pretreatment. These results suggest that these two reactions are catalyzed by different cytochrome P-450 isozymes. The formation of these two metabolites in vivo may play an important role in the antileishmanial activity of WR 6026 X 2HCl. PMID- 3917670 TI - Pulmonary hypertension and chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus: association with the lupus anticoagulant. PMID- 3917671 TI - Lupus pregnancy. II. Unusual pattern of hypocomplementemia and thrombocytopenia in the pregnant patient. AB - To explore the causes of complications in pregnant women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), we prospectively evaluated 34 pregnancies in 28 SLE patients, and 2 additional pregnancies in patients with lupus anticoagulant and positive antinuclear antibody, but no other manifestations of SLE. Nineteen pregnancies (55%) were complicated by marked proteinuria, thrombocytopenia, and/or lupus anticoagulant. Hypocomplementemia occurred in 18 pregnancies (52%). Neither thrombocytopenia-anticoagulant nor proteinuria was accompanied by an increase in antibody to double-stranded DNA or by clinical signs of active SLE. Antibody to Ro antigen did not predict fetal death. Both thrombocytopenia and proteinuria appeared abruptly during pregnancy and disappeared quickly after delivery. Fetal death was the result in 7 of 9 (77%) pregnancies in patients with anticoagulant, 6 of 10 (60%) in patients with thrombocytopenia, 6 of 18 (33%) in patients with hypocomplementemia, and 3 of 11 (27%) in patients with proteinuria. Twenty of 29 (68%) children were identified as male. The pathogenesis of hypocomplementemia was evaluated by a new assay, C1s-C1 inhibitor complex, which is thought to measure rate of complement activation by the classical pathway. Most pregnant patients with low CH50 levels and proteinuria had normal levels of C1s-C1 inhibitor complex, whereas nonpregnant patients with equivalent proteinuria and hypocomplementemia had high levels, as did pregnant patients with hypocomplementemia who did not have SLE. Pregnant and nonpregnant hypocomplementemic patients with proteinuria had similar levels of C3 and C4. In pregnant patients with SLE, C1s-C1 inhibitor complex was independent of CH50; in nonpregnant patients a linear relationship between C1s-C1 inhibitor complex and CH50 was seen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3917672 TI - The lupus anticoagulant. A disease marker in antinuclear antibody negative lupus that is cross-reactive with autoantibodies to double-stranded DNA. AB - The lupus anticoagulant (LA) was demonstrated in 37% of 52 consecutive systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and patients with lupus-like syndromes, who were referred to our unit. The LA was found to be associated with a biologic false-positive VDRL (P less than 0.005), and the apparently paradoxical association of LA with vascular thromboses was confirmed (P less than 0.05). The presence of LA and a biologic false-positive VDRL defined a group of 7 antinuclear antibody negative patients with characteristic features of recurrent thromboses, spontaneous abortions, neurologic involvement, and renal disease. Further studies on 6 selected sera demonstrated LA in all 6 IgM fractions and in 3 of 6 IgG fractions. Inhibition of LA was shown in 6 of 9 Ig fractions after absorption with double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). Anticardiolipin antibody was shown by immunodiffusion in 3 LA positive IgG fractions from VDRL negative sera. Cardiolipin micelles partially inhibited anti-dsDNA binding of 4 IgG fractions, 3 of which were LA negative. In this report we discuss the overlapping specificities due to cross-reactivity between LA, anticardiolipin, and anti-dsDNA antibodies in human SLE, and we suggest that LA be considered equivalent to the biologic false-positive VDRL as a criterion for the diagnosis of SLE. PMID- 3917673 TI - Characterization of T cells bearing HLA-DR antigens in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - It has been demonstrated that T cells bearing HLA-DR antigens on their surface are actively involved in an immune response. In diseases of disordered immunoregulation, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), there are elevated numbers of circulating HLA-DR+ T cells. In this study, we examined the cellular physiology of these T cells in RA patients. Using tritiated thymidine incorporation, we found that, in most patients, HLA-DR+ cells do not account for a significant amount of spontaneous proliferation found in peripheral blood T cells. RNA hybridization studies, using a cloned HLA-DR alpha chain gene probe, indicate that the T cells actively synthesize HLA-DR antigens rather than passively adsorbing them. The cell surface phenotype of the HLA-DR+ T cells was analyzed using double immunofluorescence and a variety of monoclonal antibodies. The expression of T cell differentiation antigens T4, T6, T8, and T10 varied markedly from patient to patient. In some patients, a significant number of cells expressed both T4 and T8 antigens. Most HLA-DR+ cells also express antigens defined by the following antibodies: anti-Tac (the interleukin-2 receptor), J2 (a glycoprotein found on T cell blasts), and ILR-1 (a class II major histocompatibility complex antigen). Activated T cells bearing HLA-DR antigens may play a role in the development of RA. Our data demonstrate that although these cells are not lymphoblasts, they possess a distinct cell surface phenotype. PMID- 3917675 TI - Reactive pulmonary hypertension after a switch operation. Successful treatment with glyceryl trinitrate. AB - After an arterial switch operation (anatomical correction for transposition of the great arteries) in a 6 month old child reactive pulmonary hypertension developed six hours after cardiopulmonary bypass. Intravenous glyceryl trinitrate was the only means by which the pulmonary hypertension could be reversed. PMID- 3917674 TI - Oral labetalol in the management of stable angina pectoris in normotensive patients. AB - The efficacy of labetalol, an alpha and beta receptor antagonist, was evaluated in 12 normotensive patients with stable angina pectoris in a single blind dose ranging study. After a two week period of placebo treatment, labetalol was given in doses of 100, 150, 200, and 300 mg twice daily, each for two weeks. Frequency of angina attacks decreased from 9.4 (SEM 2.3)/week in the control period to 7.3 (2.8), 5.2 (2.6), 3.8 (1.8), and 3.3 (1.9)/week in the four successive treatment periods. In the same periods the number of glyceryl trinitrate tablets consumed decreased from 7.0 (2.6)/week to 5.8 (3.3), 3.9 (2.9), 2.7 (1.8), and 2.6 (2.1)/week. Maximal symptom limited treadmill exercise tests were performed three and 12 hours after dosage at each dose. Exercise tolerance (expressed as seconds of the Bruce protocol) increased from 266 (44) with placebo to 306 (44), 369 (50), 396 (48), and 413 (51) in the four treatment periods. This improvement was accompanied by a significant blunting of the heart rate and blood pressure responses to exercise. Trough point exercise tolerance did not differ significantly from that at three hours after dosage. Thus labetalol is effective as an antianginal agent at doses of 150-300 mg twice daily and is well tolerated by the normotensive patient with angina. PMID- 3917676 TI - Cerebral metabolism in ischaemia: neurochemical basis for therapy. PMID- 3917677 TI - Studies on interleukin 2 receptor expression and IL-2 production by murine T cell lymphomas. AB - In order to study the possible role of the T-lymphocyte growth factor, Interleukin 2 (IL-2), and/or of the IL-2 receptor in the autonomous growth of leukaemic cells, 15 mouse leukaemic cell lines of various aetiology were analyzed for (i) IL-2 receptor expression and (ii) for the capacity to secrete IL-2. Several but not all of the cell lines tested were IL-2 receptor positive. The cells constitutively expressing IL-2 receptors at their surface could not be stimulated to secrete IL-2. Cell producing and secreting IL-2 did not express detectable amounts of IL-2 receptors at their surface. It has been demonstrated that proliferation of the leukaemic cells was independent of exogenous IL-2. The monoclonal anti-IL-2 receptor antibody AMT-13 inhibited IL-2 dependent proliferation of activated normal T-lymphocytes but failed to inhibit the growth of IL-2 receptor expressing leukaemic cells. The results argue against the autocrine stimulation hypothesis but do not exclude the possibility of involvement of functionally altered IL-2 receptors on autonomous cell growth. PMID- 3917678 TI - Recombinant DNA human interferon alpha 2 in advanced breast cancer: a phase 2 trial. AB - Effectiveness of recombinant DNA (rDNA) human interferon alpha 2 (IFN alpha 2) in advanced breast cancer was evaluated in 14 patients who had received prior endocrine and/or cytotoxic therapy. After randomization, 7 patients received IFN alpha 2 two million IU m-2 day-1, s.c., 3 times a week (schedule 1) and 7 patients received 50 million IU m-2 day-1, i.v., for 5 consecutive days, every 3 weeks (schedule 2). Treatment duration was 4-21 weeks in schedule 1 and 6-24 weeks (2-8 courses) in schedule 2. Regressions were not achieved with either schedule. Treatment was associated with significant toxicity and was more severe in schedule 2. Dose limiting toxicities were leukopenia, elevation of liver enzymes, hyperglycemia and fatigue. Serum IFN activity was low or undetectable in patients on schedule 1 and high in patients on schedule 2. At 24 h, serum IFN activity was detectable in only 1/6 patients on schedule 1 as compared to 3/7 patients on schedule 2. IFN neutralizing factors were detected in the serum of only 1 patient prior to treatment but none were detected in any of the patients during or after discontinuation of treatment (4-24 weeks). IFN alpha 2 increased the expression of both HLA class 1 antigens and beta 2 microglobulin in peripheral blood lymphocytes in vivo. This effect was dose related. PMID- 3917679 TI - High-density lipoprotein and its apolipoproteins inhibit cytolytic activity of complement. Studies on the nature of inhibitory moiety. AB - Human high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and its apolipoproteins A-I and A-II inhibit complement-mediated lysis of human and sheep erythrocytes. This inhibitory activity under study is exerted after C9 is bound to membrane-associated C5b-8 complexes but prior to completed assembly and insertion of the C5b-9 complex. In this paper, we define some structure-activity relationships of the inhibitory moiety. With the exception of weak lytic inhibitory activity found in LDL/VLDL pools and in some unconcentrated minor fractions of plasma obtained by hydrophobic chromatography, all inhibitor activity was found in fractions which contained either apolipoprotein A-I, apolipoprotein A-II, or both. Intact HDL has a high level of inhibitor activity but delipidation by chloroform-methanol extraction was associated with an increase in activity on a protein-weight basis. Purified apolipoprotein A-I and apolipoprotein A-II exhibited equal inhibitory activity, greater than that exhibited by intact HDL. Nevertheless, ultracentrifugal fractions in which no free apolipoproteins could be demonstrated still possessed inhibitory activity. These experiments suggest that delipidation of HDL is not necessary for expression of inhibitor activity, although we could not rule out the possibility that apolipoproteins in dynamic equilibrium with HDL are responsible for the inhibitor activity observed in whole serum and plasma and in HDL preparations. Limited proteinase digestion completely abolished the inhibitory activity of partially delipidated HDL. Phospholipase C had little or no effect on the inhibitory activity of delipidated HDL, apolipoprotein A-I or apolipoprotein A-II, but reduced the inhibitory activity of intact HDL. These data suggest that the phospholipid polar headgroups are not necessary for inhibitory activity. However, the loss of these headgroups is associated with decreased activity, possibly due to increased hydrophobicity of HDL, or increased association among HDL micelles, and subsequent decrease in effective molar concentration of the inhibitory moiety. PMID- 3917680 TI - Change in the physical state of platelet plasma membranes upon ionophore A23187 activation. A fluorescence polarization study. AB - Human platelets were isolated and fluorescence-labelled by 1,6 diphenylhexatriene. Diphenylhexatriene was essentially localized in the plasma membrane, as indicated by trinitrobenzenesulfonate-quenching experiments. A decrease of the fluorescence polarization of diphenylhexatriene was observed upon ionophore A23187 addition in the absence of aggregation. 0.3 microM ionophore allowed to reach the maximum rate of the decrease of fluorescence polarization; it also maximally stimulated the light transmission change, the serotonin release and the thromboxane B2 synthesis. The amplitude of the fluorescence polarization decrease was maximum at platelet concentrations between 4 X 10(7) and 7 X 10(7)/ml. The presence of Ca2+ in the medium increased the rate constant of the polarization change. Chlorpromazine (60 microM) completely inhibited this transition, but at 30 microM its inhibitory effect was reversed by Ca2+. The membrane events implied in platelet activation very likely lead to fluidization of the plasma membrane, perhaps by its fusion with the membranes of internal granules which are relatively depleted of cholesterol. Ca2+ plays a central role in the triggering of the observed effects at the membrane level. PMID- 3917681 TI - Furosemide-sensitive Na+-K+ cotransport and cellular metabolism in human erythrocytes. AB - Metabolic depletion of human red cells with 2-deoxy-D-glucose in the presence of EGTA decreased ATP to about 4% of the initial value and increased total ouabain- and furosemide-resistant Na+ and K+ effluxes by 20% and 100%, respectively, and furosemide-sensitive Na+ and K+ effluxes by 100% and 60%, respectively. When ATP was restored, all the components of Na+ and K+ fluxes measured returned to baseline levels suggesting a metabolic dependence. PMID- 3917682 TI - Interaction of hexane phosphonic acid diethyl ester with phospholipids in hepatic microsomes and reconstituted liposomes as studied by 31P-NMR. AB - By use of 31P-NMR, quasi-elastic light scattering and freeze-fracture electron microscopy it is shown that hexane phosphonic acid diethyl ester (PAE) is incorporated in hepatic microsomes without any alteration of the bilayer structure at two different sites. These findings proved that PAE can be used as molecular 31P-NMR probe in microsomes to get information about lipid-protein interactions. Extensive studies on reconstituted liposomal systems which contained cytochrome P-450 and cytochrome P-450 reductase showed that both proteins influence the localization of incorporated PAE. The results indicate a specific interaction of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) with cytochrome P-450 in microsomes. PMID- 3917683 TI - Calcium alters the acyl chain composition and lipid fluidity of rat hepatocyte plasma membranes in vitro. AB - Calcium ion decreases the lipid fluidity of isolated rat hepatocyte plasma membranes by modulating the activity of membrane enzymes which alter the lipid composition. To explore the mechanism of the effect of the cation, eight fluorophores were used to assess lipid fluidity via estimations of either steady state fluorescence polarization or excimer fluorescence intensity. The results demonstrate that the reduction in fluidity occurs in the hydrophobic interior of the bilayer and that both the dynamic and static (lipid order) components of fluidity are affected by treatment with calcium. Analysis of the membrane lipids demonstrates that calcium treatment decreases the arachidonic acid content of the polar lipid fraction and, thereby, reduces the double-bond index of the fatty acids. This change in composition, which is expected to reduce the lipid fluidity, may result from activation by calcium of the endogenous hepatocyte plasma membrane phospholipase A2. PMID- 3917684 TI - Effect of membrane fluidity upon binding of Electrophorus acetylcholinesterase to lipid vesicles. AB - A previous report (Watkins, M.S., Hitt, A.S. and Bulger, J.E. (1977) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 79, 640-647) has indicated that the asymmetric forms of Electrophorus acetylcholinesterase bind exclusively to sphingomyelin vesicles through interaction with the collagen-like 'tail' portion of the enzyme. We report here that acetylcholinesterase also binds to phosphatidylcholine vesicles containing saturated fatty acyl chains and to egg phosphatidylcholine vesicles containing cholesterol. This suggests preferential binding of acetylcholinesterase to membranes of lower fluidity. Surface charge of vesicles and density of zwitterionic lipid headgroups do not significantly affect binding of native acetylcholinesterase. The presence of chondroitin sulfate or hyaluronic acid slightly increases the binding of native acetylcholinesterase to sphingomyelin vesicles, while the presence of 1 M NaCl, bovine serum albumin, or tissue fractions enriched in basement membrane diminish binding. The dissociation constant for native acetylcholinesterase and sphingomyelin vesicles is (1.0-1.5) X 10(-7) M, as measured by a flotation binding assay. The globular, 11S form of acetylcholinesterase also binds to lipid vesicles, although not to the same degree as native acetylcholinesterase. This suggests that the collagen tail of the enzyme enhances binding, but is not essential for binding to occur. These results are consistent with the location of acetylcholinesterase on the surface of the postsynaptic plasma membrane in vivo. PMID- 3917685 TI - Isolation of tyrosinase-mRNA by affinity chromatography of polysomes. AB - We present a method whereby some mRNAs which code for enzymes can be isolated by affinity chromatography of newly synthesized polypeptides bound to their polysome complexes. Using this method we have isolated tyrosinase-mRNA from Xenopus laevis oocytes and have analysed the translation products from the RNAs thus obtained. In vitro translation reveals the presence of two mRNAs coding for polypeptides of molecular weights of 20 000 and 32 000, respectively. The larger molecule corresponds to the molecular weight of nascent tyrosinase. Furthermore, microinjection of the mRNA into Xenopus oocytes results in the synthesis of active tyrosinase. Since this isolation method is dependent on the ability of nascent enzymes to bind to their substrate analogue, it is thought that this approach may be appropriate for obtaining mRNAs coding for other enzymes. PMID- 3917686 TI - Essential fatty acid interconversion during gestation in the rat. AB - The synthesis of arachidonic acid has been investigated in fetal and pregnant rat liver microsomes in the course of the gestation. The delta 5-desaturase activity decreased 2-3 times in rat liver between the 19th and 22nd day of the pregnancy. During this period the delta 5-desaturate activity increased 3-fold in the fetal liver, exceeding the activity of the maternal liver. In contrast, the activity of the fetal delta 6-desaturase was in the same range as in pregnant rat liver and the liver of control animals and did not change between these two stages of the gestation. The elongation rate of linoleic acid in fetal liver was 2-3 times lower than in maternal liver but this increased during the pregnancy. The fatty acid activate rate was always higher than the activity of the desaturases. At the 19th day, the activity of the delta 5-desaturase was apparently the rate limiting step of arachidonic acid synthesis in fetal liver. We did not find any delta 5- and delta 6-desaturase activities or linoleic acid elongation in the placenta microsomes. PMID- 3917687 TI - In vitro incorporation and metabolism of some icosaenoic acids in platelets. Effect on arachidonic acid oxygenation. AB - Three icosaenoic acids (20:3(n-6), 20:5(n-3) and 20:3(n-9)) which may arise in platelet phospholipids under certain dietary conditions and which may affect platelet functions have been taken up by human platelets. Each acid was pre coated onto delipidated albumin and then incubated with platelets isolated from their plasma. The distribution study of each acid in cellular lipids revealed that around 80% of the acid taken up was located in phospholipids, of which the bulk was in phosphatidylcholine. The percentage incorporation of each acid into the different glycerophospholipids was similar to their endogenous percentage profiles, therefore simulating the in vivo situation. The icosaenoic acids then incorporated were liberated from phospholipids when platelets were incubated with thrombin or calcium ionophore A23187 and subsequently oxygenated through the cyclooxygenase and/or lipoxygenase pathway. Whereas 20:3(n-6) was readily converted into cyclooxygenase products, 20:5(n-3) was more specifically converted into lipoxygenase products, and this latter conversion was comparable to that of 20:3(n-9) which is not a prostanoid precursor. Finally, only 20:3(n-6)- or 20:5(n 3)-rich platelets exhibited a reduced availability of endogenous arachidonic acid from phospholipids when induced by thrombin. It is concluded that inhibitory polyunsaturated fatty acids (20:3(n-6) and 20:5(n-3)) could act both by reducing prostaglandin H2/thromboxane A2 production from endogenous arachidonic acid and in generating platelet inhibitory substances (cyclooxygenase and/or lipoxygenase products of 20:3(n-6) and 20:5(n-3)). On the other hand, 20:3(n-9), a fatty acid which potentiates platelet aggregation through its lipoxygenase end product, could produce sufficient amounts of this compound to enhance the aggregation when platelets are triggered with inducers of phospholipase activity such as thrombin or calcium ionophore. PMID- 3917688 TI - Retinoids and synovial factor(s) stimulate the production of plasminogen activator by cultured human chondrocytes. A possible role for plasminogen activator in the resorption of cartilage in vitro. AB - Agents such as retinol, interleukin 1 and catabolin stimulate resorption of cultured cartilage. This process seems to be mediated by chondrocytes, but the mechanism by which breakdown occurs remains unknown. We have found that (10(-6) 10(-8) M) retinoic acid and (1 X 10(-6) M) retinol, in the presence or absence of a factor derived from cultured synovium (synovial factor), stimulate the degradation of fibrin by human chondrocytes in culture. Plasminogen was required for the enhancement of fibrinolysis, suggesting that the breakdown depended upon the production of plasminogen activators and subsequent liberation of plasmin. However, the chondrocytes did not release significant amounts of plasminogen activator, and the effects of the synovial factor and retinoids resulted from augmentation of the production or activity of enzymes which remained bound to the cell layer. The role of plasminogen in the resorption of cultured cartilage was also investigated. In the presence of plasminogen, (1 X 10(-8) M) retinoic acid or synovial factor stimulated the breakdown of cultured bovine nasal cartilage, but in the absence of plasminogen, the effect of synovial factor was abolished and that of retinoic acid reduced. However, in cultures containing both retinoic acid and synovial factor the resorption process was not affected by removal of plasminogen. Thus, the resorption of cartilage matrix in vitro may be partially mediated by plasminogen activators and plasmin. PMID- 3917689 TI - A minor species of a type I casein kinase from yeast phosphorylating threonine residues of protein substrate. AB - Protein kinase of Mr 23 000 was isolated from yeast and purified to apparent homogeneity. The enzyme preferentially phosphorylated casein and phosvitin in the presence of ATP as a phosphoryl donor. Its activity was neither affected by cyclic nucleotides nor by heparin. The kinase displayed practically the same substrate specificity as a typical casein kinase I from yeast (Kudlicki, W., Szyszka, R., Palen, E. and Gasior, E. (1980) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 633, 376-385) except that it phosphorylated threonine instead of serine residues in protein substrates. PMID- 3917690 TI - Differential association of the different brain microtubule proteins in different in vitro assembly conditions. AB - Microtubule protein was assembled in vitro for different time periods and at different protein concentrations near and far from the critical concentration needed for assembly. When the isolated polymers were characterized by electrophoresis, a higher association of high-molecular-weight microtubule associated proteins, particularly of the larger microtubule-associated protein, was found in the polymers assembled close to the critical concentration, while tau factor polypeptides are predominantly present in those polymers assembled at higher protein concentration. Also, a higher proportion of high-molecular-weight microtubule associated proteins MAP1 and MAP2 was observed in microtubules assembled for short time periods, compared with those obtained after the monomer polymer equilibrium was reached. When the assembled protein was further characterized by isoelectric focusing, no differences were found in the proportion of the different isotubulins present in the polymers assembled under different conditions tested. PMID- 3917691 TI - Phosphorylated high mannose-type and hybrid-type oligosaccharide chains of human thyroglobulin isolated from malignant thyroid tissue. AB - Structures of anionic oligosaccharides released by endo-beta-N acetylglucosaminidase H from human thyroglobulin (19 S) purified from normal and malignant (papillary carcinoma) thyroid tissues were studied by sequential exoglycosidase digestion and lectin affinity chromatography. It was revealed that sialylated hybrid-type oligosaccharides were present in thyroglobulin from normal thyroid tissue, whereas, in the case of thyroglobulin from malignant thyroid tissue, phosphorylated high-mannose type and hybrid-type oligosaccharides each containing one phosphate group in a diester linkage were present instead of sialylated oligosaccharides. The possible meaning of the phosphorylated oligosaccharides was discussed in relation to the low thyroglobulin content in malignant thyroid tissue. PMID- 3917692 TI - Effects of cycloheximide on inverse regulation of phenolic and nonphenolic ring deiodinases in monkey hepatocarcinoma cells. AB - Both phenolic and nonphenolic ring deiodinase activities in monkey hepatocarcinoma cells (NCLP-6E) were increased by addition of serum in a concentration-dependent manner: the stimulatory effect of serum was evident at a concentration as low as 1.5%, and was maximal at 5%. Lineweaver-Burk analysis showed that the increases in the deiodinase activities are due to the increase in Vmax, but not in Km. The addition of cycloheximide at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 50 micrograms/ml inhibited the stimulatory effect of serum on phenolic ring deiodinase activity progressively. On the other hand, nonphenolic ring deiodinase activity was increased as much as 4-fold by the addition of 0.5-5 micrograms/ml cycloheximide together with 0.5% serum; a high concentration of the drug, 50 micrograms/ml, however, did not elicit such an increase. Actinomycin D at 5 micrograms/ml completely abolished the increase in nonphenolic ring deiodinase activity by serum or cycloheximide. In addition, actinomycin D inhibited the increase in phenolic ring deiodinase activity by serum in a dose dependent manner at concentrations ranging from 0.05 to 5 micrograms/ml. It is concluded that phenolic and nonphenolic ring deiodinases are regulated by different mechanisms in monkey hepatocarcinoma cells (NCLP-6E). PMID- 3917693 TI - [Effect of acupuncture on the activity of experimental epileptogenic foci in the hippocampus of rabbits]. AB - Experiments were performed on rabbits with electrochemotrodes implanted into the left and right dorsal hippocamp. The evidence was obtained for the first time as to the marked inhibitory effect of acupuncture on epileptogenic foci created by penicillin microinjections into the hippocamp. The most effective was stimulation of the Min-Men point. The antiepileptic effect was potentiated on combined stimulation of the Min-Men and Yao-Yan-Guan points. The efficacy of the procedure was significantly decreased on stimulation of the points of another acupunctural canal. The epileptiform activity was potentiated by affecting the knowingly inactive points. The antiepileptic effect of acupuncture was significantly reduced with an increase in the number of acupunctures. This might be connected with the development of tolerance to enkephalins by which the effect of acupuncture is most likely mediated. PMID- 3917694 TI - Prognostic significance of immunoglobulin phenotype in B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. AB - Seventy-six consecutive untreated patients with B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) and classified according to Binet's staging system were studied at the clinical presentation. Several immunologic parameters (number of total and T circulating lymphocytes and their surface membrane immunoglobulin [Smlg] phenotypes and levels of serum Ig) were evaluated with the aim of identifying a biologic marker of prognostic relevance. In this series of persons, Binet staging confirmed its usefulness as a prognostic index (P less than .001). With regard to Smlg, they were mu-type in 41 cases (53.9%), mu-type plus delta-type in 29 cases (38.2%), alpha-type in one case, and not detectable in five cases. No correlations were found between clinical stage and immunoglobulin phenotype, although all but one patient in stage C showed mu-type Smlg alone. On analyzing the survival curves of our patients according to different Smlg phenotypes, we found that patients with only mu-type Smlg had a poorer prognosis (P less than .05) than those with mu-type plus delta-type; this difference was even more significant (P less than .01) in patients in stage A, whereas there were no statistical differences in those in stages B and C. Because the appearance of surface heavy chain of delta-type could be an expression of cell maturation, these results suggest that in B-CLL the presence of phenotypically more mature leukemic cells may correlate with better clinical prognosis, particularly in the early phase of the disease. PMID- 3917695 TI - The E rosette-associated antigen of T cells can be identified on blasts from patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia. AB - Monoclonal antibody T-11, considered specific for the sheep erythrocyte rosette associated antigen of T cells, reacted with leukemic blasts from four of 23 patients with morphologic and cytochemical criteria for acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML). Although 83%, 87%, 88%, and 96% of the blasts from these patients reacted with T-11, only one patient demonstrated a small percentage of heat stable E rosettes (5%). Antibody 9.6, which also reacts with the E rosette associated antigen, was tested on blasts from two of the T-11-positive patients and was also strongly reactive (96% and 98%). Dual staining of blasts from these two patients demonstrated a small number of cells that simultaneously expressed the E rosette-associated antigen and myeloid-associated cytochemistries (myeloperoxidase [MPO] and Sudan black B). Additionally, leukemic blasts were identified that simultaneously expressed the E rosette-associated antigen and contained Auer rods. Antibody OKT-11 immunoprecipitated a 48,100-dalton glycoprotein from these leukemic blasts that is similar in molecular weight to that previously determined for the T cell surface protein (Tp50), thus providing strong evidence that this molecule can be found in some cases of AML. Because cells simultaneously expressing both the E rosette-associated antigen and MPO were identified, it would appear likely that leukemic blasts with only the E rosette-associated antigen or only MPO arose from the same progenitor. Our findings further demonstrate that the epitopes identified by antibodies OKT-11, T 11, and 9.6 are not always associated with, or sufficient for, 37 degrees C E rosette formation and can be found on blasts from patients with AML. PMID- 3917697 TI - The use of heat-treated Factor VIII-concentrates in von Willebrand's disease. AB - In vitro investigations have demonstrated a high F VIII:Rcof potency and a high F VIII:Rcof/F VIII R:Ag ratio of two heat-treated F VIII concentrates. We therefore studied the in vivo effectiveness of these preparations (F VIII HSR, Behringwerke Marburg and F VIII HTR, Travenol) in five patients with von Willebrand's disease (vWd). In the steady state in vivo recoveries of F VIII:Rcof ranged from 73-153% after transfusion of F VIII HSR and from 11.5-17% after F VIII HTR respectively. The gain of F VIII-complex after F VIII HS was comparable to cryopecipitate (KryobulinR SP, Immuno AG Wien). All three products shortened the bleeding-time. Three of our five patients underwent surgery (Billroth I, papillotomy, laparatomy, open heart surgery) under F VIII HS cover without bleeding complications. The dose applied ranged from 20 to 40 U/kg at 8 or 12 h intervals for a period of approx. 14 days. Serum-transaminase elevations were observed in two of four patients after F VIII HT treatment. Although the risk of hepatitis of heat-treated F VIII concentrates remains to be determined, these products proved to be effective in vWd. The major advantages of these preparations are stability, rapid solubility, a low content of contaminating proteins, and a rapid, general availability. PMID- 3917696 TI - Activated protein C decreases plasminogen activator-inhibitor activity in endothelial cell-conditioned medium. AB - Confluent cultures of endothelial cells from human umbilical cord were used to study the effect of activated human protein C (APC) on the production of plasminogen activators, plasminogen activator-inhibitor, and factor VIII-related antigen. Addition of APC to the cells in a serum-free medium did not affect the production of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) or factor VIII-related antigen; under all measured conditions, no urokinase activity was found. However, less plasminogen activator-inhibitor activity accumulated in the conditioned medium in the presence of APC. This decrease was dose dependent and could be prevented by specific anti-protein C antibodies. No decrease was observed with the zymogen protein C or with diisopropylfluorophosphate-inactivated APC. APC also decreased the t-PA inhibitor activity in endothelial cell-conditioned medium in the absence of cells, which suggests that the effect of APC is at least partly due to a direct effect of APC on the plasminogen activator-inhibitor. High concentrations of thrombin-but not of factor Xa or IXa--had a similar effect on the t-PA inhibitor activity. The effect of APC on the plasminogen activator inhibitor provides a new mechanism by which APC may enhance fibrinolysis. The data suggest that activation of the coagulation system may lead to a secondary increase of the fibrinolytic activity by changing the balance between plasminogen activator(s) and its (their) fast-acting inhibitor. PMID- 3917698 TI - Catheter-related sepsis in patients on intravenous nutrition: a prospective study of quantitative catheter cultures and guidewire changes for suspected sepsis. AB - One hundred and ninety-five central venous catheters used for intravenous nutrition in 113 patients were studied prospectively. Catheter-related sepsis (CRS), defined by recovery of the same organism from the catheter tip and peripheral blood cultures, occurred with only 3.3 per cent of catheters or 2.3 per 1000 days of therapy. In contrast, CRS was suspected with 30 per cent of catheters and catheter contamination occurred in 37 per cent. Contamination was defined by a positive catheter tip culture without recovery of the same organism from the blood. CRS was present in 4 of 12 cases (33 per cent) with greater than 1000 colony forming units on the catheter tip but in only 2 of 54 (4 per cent) with fewer organisms. Thirty-eight cases suspected of having CRS were randomized to have catheter removal and later replacement, or replacement over a guidewire. There were no significant differences in the catheter contamination rate but there were significantly fewer problems of insertion in the guidewire group. However, transfer of Klebsiella sp., during the guidewire procedure, resulted in subsequent sepsis in one case. It is concluded that replacement of catheters over a guidewire is a safe and convenient way of establishing whether sepsis is catheter-related. Because organisms may be transferred, the procedure is not an appropriate treatment for catheter-related sepsis. PMID- 3917699 TI - On the reputed decline in gastric carcinoma: necropsy study from western Norway. AB - Carcinoma of the stomach is said to be decreasing in many countries, Norway included. About 10% of all cases in Norway occur in the county of Hordaland. They do not differ in any known respect from cases in the rest of the country. A series of 575 cases coming to necropsy from Hordaland over 25 years was examined and the findings compared with the total number reported to the Norwegian Cancer Registry from the same district. Although the incidence of histological verification rose over the period from 49 to 85%, the number of histologically confirmed cases remained relatively constant, the considerable decline being confined to cases without such documentation. The results suggest that increased diagnostic effort has led to the exclusion of cases previously classified clinically as gastric carcinoma and that the incidence of the disease itself has not changed radically in the county of Hordaland. PMID- 3917700 TI - Interval between insulin injection and eating in relation to blood glucose control in adult diabetics. AB - In a survey of 225 diabetics treated with insulin 24 (10.6%) claimed never to have received advice concerning the interval between insulin injection and eating. Of the remainder, 67 (33%) admitted disregarding advice and using shorter intervals. There was a significant (p less than 0.01) difference between the reported frequencies of clinical hypoglycaemia in patients using different intervals. The effects on glucose control of intervals between insulin injection and breakfast of zero, 15, 30, and 45 minutes were studied for periods of one week in 11 patients with type I diabetes who were receiving twice daily injections of monocomponent porcine insulins and high fibre, high carbohydrate diets, using standard home blood glucose monitoring techniques to measure blood glucose concentrations each morning. The delay of 45 minutes resulted in the lowest frequency of hypoglycaemia and the most acceptable pattern of glucose concentrations measured one and two hours after breakfast and before lunch. Combining results obtained at these three times, the mean increment in blood glucose concentration was smaller after allowing a delay of 45 minutes than after delays of zero (p less than 0.001), 15 (p less than 0.03), and 30 (NS) minutes. A delay of 30 minutes resulted in smaller mean increments in blood glucose concentration than did delays of zero (p less than 0.001) and 15 (NS) minutes. These results suggest that this aspect of diabetic management may be neglected, with important consequences for blood glucose control. An increase in delay between insulin injection and eating to 45 minutes would be a simple and safe way of improving blood glucose control in at least the 37% of the diabetic population surveyed in this study who currently allow less than 15 minutes. PMID- 3917701 TI - Progression of addiction careers in young adult solvent misusers. AB - Four case histories of a representative sample of young adult glue sniffers who had progressed to using illicit drugs or abusing alcohol or both contained several common factors that may have been relevant in the transition. For example, all had suffered parental deprivation or rejection in childhood leading to a state of chronic stress, and all had progressed from sniffing glue to inhaling heroin and thence to "snorting" and injecting heroin. The exact reason for the transition from glue sniffing to misusing other substances was not clear. Nevertheless, although these cases represent only a minority of glue sniffers, the problem of transition may be more common than hitherto supposed. PMID- 3917703 TI - Water intoxication and oxytocin. PMID- 3917702 TI - Moderate potassium chloride supplementation in essential hypertension: is it additive to moderate sodium restriction? AB - Twenty patients with mild or moderate essential hypertension and not receiving any drug treatment, who had been moderately restricting their sodium intake to around 70 mmol(mEq) a day for at least one month and whose mean blood pressure was then 163/103 mm Hg, were entered into a double blind, randomised crossover study to compare one month's treatment with slow release potassium chloride tablets (64 mmol potassium chloride a day) with one month's treatment with a matching placebo. Mean (SEM) urinary sodium excretion on entry to the study was 68 (6.8) mmol/24 h. Mean urinary potassium excretion increased from 67 (6.9) mmol(mEq)/24 h with placebo to 117 (4.6) mmol/24 h with potassium chloride. Supine and standing systolic and diastolic blood pressures did not change significantly with potassium chloride supplementation when compared with pressures while receiving placebo or before randomisation. In patients who are able moderately to restrict their sodium intake doubling potassium as a chloride salt has little or no effect on blood pressure. PMID- 3917704 TI - Cryptosporidiosis in Bangladesh. PMID- 3917705 TI - Relation between dentition and dyspeptic disorders. PMID- 3917706 TI - Vascular occlusion and disseminated intravascular coagulation in falciparum malaria. PMID- 3917707 TI - Atopy after bone marrow transplantation. PMID- 3917708 TI - Peptic ulcers induced by piroxicam. PMID- 3917709 TI - Long term suppression of prolactin concentrations after bromocriptine induced regression of pituitary prolactinomas. PMID- 3917710 TI - Role of the occupational health service in screening and increasing the uptake of rubella immunisation. AB - An occupational health department in a district general hospital in Newcastle upon Tyne screened 487 women of childbearing age for rubella immunity who were prospective employees and whose immunity state was unknown. Ninety per cent of these women were immune. Of the 51 who were found to be susceptible, 29 accepted vaccination. PMID- 3917711 TI - Does closing branch surgeries affect home visiting? AB - Home visiting rates in a rural general practice were compared for 12 months before and 12 months after five branch surgeries were closed. In villages whose surgeries were closed no statistically significant change occurred in the new or repeat visiting rates. The consulting rate at the main surgery remained constant over the two years. Although visiting rates to villages that had had a branch surgery did not change after the closures, the pattern of visiting to these villages became more rational. PMID- 3917712 TI - Changing trends in gynaecological surgical workload. AB - A reduction has been recorded in National Health Service gynaecological bed occupancy in Winchester and Wessex. At least part of this change may be explained by an increase in private hospital practice. NHS managers should plan for similar changes elsewhere in the United Kingdom. PMID- 3917715 TI - Why do our hospitals not make more use of the concept of a trauma team? PMID- 3917714 TI - Rehabilitation in rheumatic diseases. PMID- 3917713 TI - Why do patients with lupus nephritis die? AB - Over 20 years 42 of 138 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus "died"--that is, suffered actual death or went into terminal renal failure, or both; data from 41 were available for analysis. In most patients the causes of death were multiple. Twenty seven patients went into terminal renal failure, of whom 25 were offered dialysis treatment. Three regained renal function later, 12 survived on dialysis or with functioning kidney allografts--almost all with inactive lupus- but 13 died after starting dialysis, most within a few weeks or months. The principal causes were active lupus or infection. In those patients with renal failure after rapid deterioration in renal function (n = 14) there were nine deaths, while of 10 patients with a slow evolution into renal failure, only four died. Four patients with impaired and 10 with normal renal function died, again most often from complications of lupus or from infection. Vascular disease was a major cause of death in seven patients, all but two of whom were young; of 15 postmortem examinations, eight showed severe coronary artery atheroma, and three surviving patients required coronary bypass operations. Analysis of the timing of death or entry into renal failure showed that in 12 out of 13 patients who died within two years of onset the lupus was judged to be active, while this was true in only eight out of 19 patients who died later. Six of the seven vascular deaths occurred later than two years from onset, while only nine of 26 renal "deaths" occurred before two years; deaths from infections (n = 13) were distributed equally. Despite this and aggressive treatment of active disease, the principal cause of actual death was uncontrolled lupus. PMID- 3917716 TI - Convulsions associated with cyclosporin A in renal transplant recipients. PMID- 3917718 TI - What it is like to lose a lung. PMID- 3917717 TI - Infertility. PMID- 3917719 TI - Teenage confidence and consent. PMID- 3917720 TI - Wasting blood. PMID- 3917721 TI - Noradrenaline: a circulating inhibitor of sodium transport. PMID- 3917722 TI - Lymphocytes are rhythmic: is this important? PMID- 3917723 TI - Consensus development conference: coronary artery bypass grafting. PMID- 3917724 TI - Algorithm for modified alkaline diuresis in salicylate poisoning. PMID- 3917725 TI - Value of follow up in testicular cancer. PMID- 3917726 TI - Trimethoprim resistance in Gram negative urinary pathogens. PMID- 3917727 TI - Calcium supplementation and postmenopausal bone loss. PMID- 3917729 TI - Can we have safer cigarettes? PMID- 3917728 TI - Acute diarrhoea in children. PMID- 3917730 TI - "Tobacco teabags". PMID- 3917731 TI - Plasma theophylline concentrations, six minute walking distances, and breathlessness in patients with chronic airflow obstruction. PMID- 3917732 TI - Cardiac arrest after treatment with intravenous domperidone. PMID- 3917733 TI - Reliability of cardiotocography in predicting baby's condition at birth. PMID- 3917734 TI - Hypoglycaemia in acute myelomonoblastic leukaemia. PMID- 3917735 TI - Is unemployment a cause of parasuicide? PMID- 3917736 TI - Sudden cardiac death and acute coronary thrombosis. PMID- 3917738 TI - Hypercarotenaemia. PMID- 3917737 TI - Solvent misuse. PMID- 3917739 TI - Mesangial IgA nephropathy. PMID- 3917740 TI - Lung biopsy. PMID- 3917741 TI - Selective increase in plasma luteinising hormone concentrations in drug free young men with mania. AB - The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal system was investigated in drug free young men with either mania or acute schizophrenia and in age matched controls by measuring, at frequent intervals during a 17 hour "neuroendocrine day," plasma concentrations of luteinising hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone, prolactin, testosterone, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), and cortisol. Plasma LH in mania was significantly increased compared with the control value at all time periods and increased in the morning and evening samples compared with values in the schizophrenic patients. Plasma prolactin and cortisol concentrations were significantly greater in mania and schizophrenia compared with control values at several times during the day, but there were no significant between group differences in plasma testosterone or SHBG. These results show that in young men with mania there is a major disturbance in the central mechanisms that control the release of LH, the control of prolactin and cortisol secretion is abnormal in mania and acute schizophrenia, and plasma LH concentrations may provide a useful hormonal diagnostic test for mania. PMID- 3917742 TI - Clinical use of acyclovir. PMID- 3917743 TI - Care of the acutely injured hand. PMID- 3917744 TI - Ruptured aortic aneurysm: an avoidable disaster. PMID- 3917745 TI - Prolactinomas. PMID- 3917746 TI - Long term effects of cryosurgery on cutaneous sensation. AB - In a study of the time course and nature of the sensory loss after cryosurgery the forearms of nine normal subjects were treated with liquid nitrogen using freeze times currently employed in clinical practice in Britain. Ability to appreciate touch, pinprick, and cold in the treated areas was tested at regular intervals and biopsy samples taken to investigate the pathogenesis. Appreciation of all three modalities of sensation was initially reduced in all nine subjects for all freeze times, yet complete recovery occurred in the seven patients completing follow up. This recovery, however, took up to one and a half years for the longest freeze, with even a 10 second freeze taking up to 10 months. Patients may be reassured that sensory loss after cryosurgery for up to two periods of 30 seconds will almost certainly recover, though it may take up to 18 months to do so. PMID- 3917748 TI - Value of computed tomography in patients with stroke: Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project. AB - The usefulness of computed tomography (CT) was assessed in 325 consecutive patients with a "clinically definite first stroke" from a community stroke register. CT detected five "non-stroke" lesions (two cerebral gliomas, one cerebral metastasis, and two subdural haematomas), a frequency of 1.5%. Five patients were identified with cerebellar haemorrhage, but only one survived long enough to have a CT scan. CT was useful in excluding intracranial haemorrhage as the cause of the stroke in four patients receiving anticoagulants and seven receiving antiplatelet treatment; it showed intracranial haemorrhage in one patient taking aspirin. Forty six patients were in atrial fibrillation at the time of their stroke; four had intracranial haemorrhages and three had haemorrhagic cerebral infarcts. Nineteen patients with presumed ischaemic minor stroke were considered suitable for carotid endarterectomy; CT showed small haemorrhages in two. The CT scan provides very useful information in a minority (up to 28%) of patients with first stroke, who can be selected on quite simple criteria: (a) doubt (usually because of an inadequate history) whether the patient has stroke or a treatable intracranial lesion; (b) the possibility of cerebellar haemorrhage or infarction; (c) the exclusion of intracranial haemorrhage in patients who either are already taking or likely to need antihaemostatic drugs or are being considered for carotid endarterectomy; (d) if the patient deteriorates in a fashion atypical of stroke. PMID- 3917747 TI - Measurement of autoantibodies against human eye muscle plasma membranes in Graves' ophthalmopathy. AB - Antibodies that reacted with plasma membranes of human eye muscle but showed no binding to plasma membranes of human skeletal muscle were identified in serum of patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy. Rabbit antithyroglobulin serum at a dilution of 1 X 10(-3) to 20 X 10(-3) had no effect on the binding of these antibodies to eye muscle membrane antigens. There was no correlation between antihuman eye muscle plasma membrane antibodies and antihuman thyroid membrane antibodies or antibodies against thyroglobulin. It is suggested that specific antibodies against eye muscle membranes are present in Graves' ophthalmopathy and that this disease might represent a distinct autoimmune disorder. PMID- 3917749 TI - Smoking and coronary artery disease assessed by routine coronary arteriography. AB - The association between extent and duration of smoking habit and severity of coronary atheroma was examined in 387 patients undergoing routine coronary ateriography before valve replacement surgery. Total number of cigarettes smoked in life correlated significantly with severity of coronary artery disease (p less than 0.001) and number of coronary arteries with stenoses of 50% or more (p less than 0.001). Severity of coronary artery disease in current smokers was similar to that in former smokers. Multiple regression analysis showed diastolic blood pressure, cigarette consumption, age, ratio of total cholesterol to high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and history of angina to be the important predictors of severity of coronary artery disease. An estimate of the number of cigarettes smoked in life can be useful in identifying patients with coronary artery disease if used in conjunction with data on other important risk factors. PMID- 3917751 TI - Support hose and varicose veins. PMID- 3917750 TI - Interaction of smoking and atopy in producing specific IgE antibody against a hapten protein conjugate. AB - A survey was carried out of a population of workers exposed to tetrachlorophthalic anhydride, an acid anhydride epoxy resin curing agent known to cause asthma. Using a radioallergosorbent test with a tetrachlorophthalic anhydride human serum albumin conjugate, specific IgE antibody was detected in serum from 24 out of 300 factory floor workers exposed to tetrachlorophthalic anhydride. Of these 24, 20 (83.3%) were current smokers compared with 133 (48.2%) of 276 without antibody (p less than 0.01), and there was a weaker association with atopy, defined by skin tests with common allergens. Smoking and atopy interacted, the prevalence of antibody being 16.1% in atopic smokers, 11.7% in non-atopic smokers, 8.3% in atopic non-smokers, and nil in non-atopic non-smokers (p less than 0.025). Smoking may predispose to, and interact with atopy in, the production of specific IgE antibody to this hapten protein conjugate. PMID- 3917752 TI - Mixing short and intermediate acting insulins in the syringe: effect on postprandial blood glucose concentrations in type I diabetics. PMID- 3917753 TI - Necrotising glomerulonephritis associated with cholesterol microemboli. PMID- 3917754 TI - Micro-organisms isolated from skin under wedding rings worn by hospital staff. PMID- 3917755 TI - Frontal sinusitis caused by Myriodontium keratinophilum. PMID- 3917756 TI - Why patient participation groups stop functioning: general practitioners' viewpoint. AB - Out of the 87 patient participation groups that were known to the National Association for Patient Participation as having been established by the end of 1983, 17 (25%) are not functioning. The general practitioners concerned with these non-functioning groups were interviewed to identify problems that they had had in keeping the group going and to seek possible explanations for the problems. Fourteen of the groups had stopped functioning in part owing to lack of interest by patients. Groups become non-functioning often in the first year of starting up, and this may be because of the nature of the practice population that they seek to represent. PMID- 3917757 TI - Lifestyle assessment: applying microcomputers in family practice. AB - A randomised trial of assessment by computer was conducted with 180 patients in a family practice clinic. Histories of alcohol, tobacco, and drug use were obtained by computer (n = 60), interview (n = 60), or self completed questionnaire (n = 60). The results of previous research suggest that some patients may provide more accurate information about "sensitive" problems to a computer. No significant differences, however, in levels of consumption or problems were reported for the three methods of assessment. Patients gave differential ratings about the method of assessment, with the computer rated as more interesting but also more mechanical, cold, and impersonal. Although the interview was initially preferred by most, patients who completed the assessment by computer showed a significant increase (13% to 43%) in their preference for the computer after the assessment. The results of our study indicate that patients' acceptance of computers in family practice may be favourably influenced by direct experience with a microcomputer. PMID- 3917758 TI - Lifestyle assessment: just asking makes a difference. AB - A 10 minute assessment of 180 family practice patients showed that 11% indicated a problem with drinking alcohol, 20% with cigarette smoking, 36% with consumption of coffee or tea, and 3% with non-medical drug use, while 11% wanted to discuss their use of medications. Moreover, being asked questions resulted in a twofold or threefold increase in the patients' intentions of discussing such a problem with their doctor. Although there was good overall agreement in recognising a problem between the patient and doctor, in roughly 40% of instances where the patient indicated a problem the doctor was unaware of it. These patients tended to be young, well educated, and employed in professional occupations, and were on their first visit to the doctor. Such brief assessments of lifestyle should be routinely conducted in family practice for both case finding and prevention. PMID- 3917760 TI - Kilimanjaro expedition. PMID- 3917761 TI - Effects of a water supply system on local health attitudes in Nepal. PMID- 3917759 TI - Can preliminary screening of dyspeptic patients allow more effective use of investigational techniques? AB - A total of 1041 patients with undiagnosed dyspepsia were interviewed to determine whether they required investigation for organic disease. The interviewer, a research assistant without medical qualifications, used a standard data sheet. The information obtained was analysed by computer, and, according to the results, patients were predicted to be at high, medium, or low risk. They were then followed up and the final diagnosis was compared with the risk predicted by computer. Patients predicted to be at low risk had a 10% chance of having ulcer disease and a 0.3% chance of having cancer, whereas patients predicted to be at high risk had a 20% chance of having ulcer disease and a 10% chance of having cancer. Appropriate preliminary screening of patients with acute dyspepsia can separate a group at low risk who will require investigation only if their symptoms do not resolve and a group at high risk requiring urgent outpatient consultation. PMID- 3917762 TI - Dr Gee's cross examination continues. PMID- 3917763 TI - Death or dialysis. PMID- 3917764 TI - Severe hypophosphataemia during recovery from acute respiratory acidosis. PMID- 3917765 TI - Screening for small for dates fetuses. PMID- 3917766 TI - High mean platelet volume after myocardial infarction. PMID- 3917767 TI - Further developments in psychogeriatrics in Britain. PMID- 3917768 TI - Domperidone. PMID- 3917769 TI - Defibrillators in general practice. PMID- 3917770 TI - The link with zinc. PMID- 3917771 TI - Scandinavian model for eliminating measles, mumps, and rubella. PMID- 3917772 TI - Design and interpretation of clinical trials. PMID- 3917773 TI - Hypoglycemia during illness in children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. PMID- 3917774 TI - Blood lead concentration and blood pressure. PMID- 3917775 TI - Health care USA: economic product or social good? PMID- 3917777 TI - Ketoconazole: a reappraisal. PMID- 3917776 TI - Talking points in child abuse. PMID- 3917778 TI - Risk of leukaemia associated with cancer chemotherapy. PMID- 3917779 TI - Why keep hospital clinical records? PMID- 3917780 TI - Road safety report: brickbats and bouquets. PMID- 3917781 TI - Circulating catecholamines in acute asthma. AB - Plasma catecholamine concentrations were measured in 15 patients (six male) aged 14-63 years attending the casualty department with acute severe asthma (peak expiratory flow 27% (SEM 3%) of predicted). Nine patients were admitted and six were not. The plasma noradrenaline concentration, reflecting sympathetic nervous discharge, was two to three times normal in all patients and was significantly higher in those who required admission compared with those discharged home (mean 7.7 (SEM 0.6) v 4.7 (0.5) nmol/l (1.3 (SEM 0.1) v 0.8 (0.08) ng/ml); p less than 0.001). Plasma adrenaline concentration, however, was not increased in any patient. This surprising failure of the plasma adrenaline concentration to increase during the stress of an acute attack of asthma was unexplained and contrasts with the pronounced rise in plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline concentrations in acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, and septicaemia. The failure of plasma adrenaline concentration to increase in acute asthma is unlikely to be explained by adrenal exhaustion, but it may be another example of impaired adrenaline secretion in asthma. PMID- 3917782 TI - Who gets renal bone disease before beginning dialysis? AB - To identify patients at risk from renal bone disease we compared the demographic characteristics of 243 patients with end stage renal failure grouped according to the presence (97 (40%] or absence of severe renal bone disease as judged by histological criteria. Youth, female sex, tubulointerstitial types of nephropathy, and a long duration of uraemia were all identified as significant independent risk factors for the development of bone disease. The relative risks from being female and having tubulointerstitial renal disease were separately identifiable when the estimated observation of renal failure was short (less than four years). The identification of patients at high risk from bone disease may clarify the pathogenesis and treatment strategies of renal osteodystrophy. PMID- 3917783 TI - Height at diagnosis of diabetes in children: a study in identical twins. AB - The height at diagnosis of 16 insulin dependent diabetics aged under 19 was compared with that of their unaffected identical cotwins measured at the same time. In eight pairs the diabetic was shorter, and in the remainder the cotwins were the same height. In those diabetics who were shorter than their cotwins at diagnosis the average period of growth delay before diagnosis was at least 35 weeks; by contrast, the mean duration of symptoms was only six weeks. No cause for the growth delay other than the diabetes was known in any of the twins. These findings show that the onset of insulin dependent diabetes may be a slow process, with growth delay occurring several months before symptoms appear. PMID- 3917784 TI - Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in postmenopausal women with negative cervical cytology. PMID- 3917785 TI - Single dose vitamin D treatment for osteomalacia in the elderly. PMID- 3917786 TI - Proliferation of IgD kappa plasma cells after agranulocytosis induced by dapsone. PMID- 3917787 TI - Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in the elderly. PMID- 3917788 TI - Ultrasonically guided fine needle aspiration of suspect parathyroid tissue to determine parathyroid hormone concentration. PMID- 3917789 TI - Intermediate filaments in the retina and retinoblastoma. PMID- 3917790 TI - Simplifying infusion calculations. PMID- 3917791 TI - Can we afford screening for neural tube defects? The South Wales experience. AB - Clinical and financial gains and losses accruing from five different options for screening for open neural tube defects were estimated, based principally on the results of detailed monitoring of inputs and outcomes and of process costs in the South Wales Anencephaly and Spina Bifida Study. As well as estimating the overall clinical costs of a screening service it was shown that if the prevalence, including terminations, of open neural tube defects is between 1.25 and five per 1000 births the financial cost of avoiding the birth of a seriously handicapped child who would survive for more than 24 hours is in the range 9000 pounds- 54000 pounds depending on the option adopted and the prevalence of the condition in the target population. Prevalence is the biggest determinant of cost. The data should provide a basis for assessment and discussion of resource priorities in the National Health Service. PMID- 3917792 TI - In memory of a brain tumour. PMID- 3917793 TI - Prescribing for sportsmen in training. PMID- 3917794 TI - Multiple subaxial subluxation of cervical spine: a side effect of corticosteroids? PMID- 3917795 TI - Deaths from abuse of volatile substances: a national epidemiological study. AB - A survey of the United Kingdom detected 282 deaths from abuse of volatile substances during 1971-83. Deaths appeared to have increased in the most recent years, reaching 80 in 1983. Age at death ranged from 11 to 76 years but most deaths (72%) occurred under 20 years. Ninety five per cent of the subjects were male, and in 1983 deaths from volatile substance abuse accounted for 2% of all deaths in males aged 10-19. All areas of the United Kingdom were affected, the rates being highest in Scotland and urban areas. All social classes were affected, though rates were highest in social class V and the armed forces. The volatile substances abused were gas fuels (24%), mainly butane; aerosol sprays (17%); solvents in glues (27%); and other volatile substances, such as cleaning agents (31%). In 51% of cases death was attributed to the direct toxic effects of the substance abused, in 21% to plastic bag asphyxia, in 18% to inhalation of stomach contents, and in 11% to trauma. Deaths associated with the abuse of glues were more likely to be traumatic, but all substances appeared capable of killing directly by their toxic effects, probably by a cardiac mechanism. Only a small proportion of deaths (6%) were due to the abuse of glues among children under 16; hence current attempts to limit access of children to glues will probably have little impact on overall mortality. PMID- 3917797 TI - Treating drug misuse. PMID- 3917796 TI - Surrogate mothers. PMID- 3917798 TI - Failure of single dose amoxycillin as prophylaxis against endocarditis. PMID- 3917799 TI - Factors affecting development of peritonitis in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. PMID- 3917800 TI - Morbidity and mortality of car occupants: uses of the injury severity score. PMID- 3917801 TI - Respiratory depression after alfentanil infusion. PMID- 3917802 TI - Admission to medical school. PMID- 3917803 TI - Fine bore enteral feeding and pulmonary aspiration. PMID- 3917804 TI - The sick building syndrome. PMID- 3917805 TI - Do antihypertensive drugs precipitate diabetes? PMID- 3917806 TI - Falls from trees and associated injuries. PMID- 3917807 TI - Aseptic rituals unmasked. PMID- 3917808 TI - Mental Health Act. PMID- 3917809 TI - Stagnation and despair in medical research. PMID- 3917810 TI - Radical cystectomy. PMID- 3917811 TI - Preventing infant deaths. PMID- 3917812 TI - Circadian changes in anticoagulant effect of heparin infused at a constant rate. AB - Six patients with venous thromboembolism were treated with heparin, administered intravenously by a constant infusion pump. The initial daily dose of heparin was adjusted to keep the activated partial thromboplastin time, sampled at 0800, between 1.5 and 2.5 times the control level. Once that level was obtained, this dose was kept constant. Anticoagulation was thereafter measured, every four hours for 48 hours, by activated partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time, and coagulation factor Xa inhibition assay. The results of all three coagulation tests showed a circadian variation in the six patients. Maximum values were achieved at night and minimum values in the morning. These circadian variations were reproduced for two consecutive days. Differences between night and morning values reached almost 50% for activated partial thromboplastin time, 60% for thrombin time, and 40% for factor Xa inhibition assay. This circadian variation resulted from two rhythms, a circadian rhythm lasting 24 hours and an ultradian rhythm lasting 12 hours, which were detected by cosinor analysis for each coagulation test (p less than 0.01). A circadian rhythm was detected individually in most of the patients for each coagulation test (p less than 0.05). All patients had a nocturnal peak in activated partial thromboplastin time on both days. In four patients this peak exceeded the upper desired limit of activated partial thromboplastin time. These rhythms should be taken into account when evaluating the dosage of heparin to be administered. PMID- 3917813 TI - Results of surgical treatment for extrahepatic biliary atresia in United Kingdom 1980-2. Survey conducted on behalf of the British Paediatric Association Gastroenterology Group and the British Association of Paediatric Surgeons. AB - A postal survey identified 114 infants with biliary atresia (roughly one in 21 000 live births). Biliary operations were performed on 107. Of the 105 infants who were followed up, 35 were free of jaundice at 10 months to 3 1/2 years. Good results occurred most often in those operated on by 12 weeks and were also related to the number of cases operated on in each centre. Only two of 18 infants treated in centres dealing with one case a year were free of jaundice compared with 11 of 38 at centres treating two to five cases a year and 22 of 49 in a centre treating more than five cases a year. Jaundice in an infant of more than 2 weeks associated with yellow urine or pale stools is never physiological and requires urgent investigation to identify causes for which effective treatment may be possible. Identification of suspected cases by 4 weeks of age and a greater concentration of investigative and surgical skills should improve the short term results of surgery and the long term prognosis of biliary atresia. PMID- 3917814 TI - Use of anti-inflammatory drugs by patients admitted with small or large bowel perforations and haemorrhage. AB - The intake of anti-inflammatory drugs by 268 patients with colonic or small bowel perforation or haemorrhage was compared with that by a group of patients, matched for age and sex, with uncomplicated lower bowel disease. Patients with perforation or haemorrhage were more than twice as likely to be takers of anti inflammatory drugs, but no association was detected with the intake of other types of drugs, particularly cardiovascular drugs. The association between complicated lower bowel disease and intake of anti-inflammatory drugs may be causal. PMID- 3917815 TI - Cerebral haemorrhagic infarction in young patients with hereditary protein C deficiency: evidence for "spontaneous" cerebral venous thrombosis. AB - Among 53 patients with hereditary protein C deficiency belonging to 20 families three women were encountered who, aged 27, 34, and 38 respectively, had had cerebral haemorrhagic infarction, probably due to intracranial venous thrombosis. All three had also had venous thrombosis of the leg and pulmonary embolism either before or after their cerebral infarction. One patient sustained cerebral infarction while receiving an oral contraceptive, but infarction in the two others occurred "spontaneously." One patient also had an intraventricular and subarachnoid haemorrhage during the induction phase of coumarin treatment, which was assumed to have resulted from haemorrhagic infarction of the chorioid plexus, analogous to coumarin provoked haemorrhagic skin necrosis in protein C deficiency. Hereditary protein C deficiency should be considered in young patients with acute or subacute cerebral symptoms, especially if they have a family or personal history of venous thromboembolism. PMID- 3917816 TI - Serum fructosamine concentration as measure of blood glucose control in type I (insulin dependent) diabetes mellitus. AB - Serum fructosamine activity was studied in 42 patients with type I (insulin dependent) diabetes mellitus and 30 non-diabetic volunteers as an index of blood glucose control. There was a significant correlation both between fructosamine and glycosylated haemoglobin values (r = 0.82) and between fructosamine and the fasting C peptide concentration (r = -0.81). Test results in 14 of the diabetics reflected the mean plasma glucose concentration calculated from 25 serial estimations in a single 24 hour period (r = 0.75; p less than 0.01) but not the mean amplitude of glycaemic excursion (r = 0.23; p greater than 0.05). Fructosamine concentrations measured in these multiple blood specimens did not change significantly throughout the day (mean coefficient of variation 4.1%) despite wide variability of the respective plasma glucose concentrations (mean coefficient of variation 36.2%). It is concluded that a single random serum sample analysed for fructosamine concentration provides a simple and reliable assessment of glucose homoeostasis in patients with type I diabetes mellitus. PMID- 3917817 TI - High sensitivity assay of thyroid stimulating hormone in patients receiving thyroxine for primary hypothyroidism and thyroid carcinoma. PMID- 3917818 TI - Factors contributing to delay in diagnosis of testicular tumours. PMID- 3917820 TI - Tamoxifen as primary treatment of breast cancer in elderly or frail patients: a practical management. PMID- 3917819 TI - Obstructive jaundice caused by corrosive injury to the duodenum. PMID- 3917821 TI - Effect of distance from surgery on consultation rates in an urban practice. AB - Introducing a microcomputer into a general practice provides an opportunity to consider how different population groups use the services offered. In a study of the effect that distance has on consultation rates the results showed that patients who lived close to the surgery consulted a third more than those who lived over two and a half miles from the surgery. Further analysis showed that patients who might be expected to have transport difficulties were particularly low users. PMID- 3917822 TI - Bereavement counselling after sudden infant death. AB - Of 14 families who suffered a sudden infant death, eight were followed up intensively over several months and offered individual counselling, parents' group meetings, and interviews with doctors as a way of helping them come to terms with their feelings of loss. Five couples accepted short term support from their health visitor, and one refused help. Many families experienced considerable stress including marital conflict, difficulties with surviving children, and anxiety about future children becoming victims of the sudden infant death syndrome. It was concluded that medical social workers, health visitors, hospital paediatricians, general practitioners, and parent self help groups are in key positions to help. The success of such help is likely to depend on the confidence that each helper has that his or her contribution will be valued by the bereaved family. PMID- 3917823 TI - Product liability in respect of drugs. PMID- 3917824 TI - Dr Gee leaves the witness box, and patients are called. PMID- 3917825 TI - Rationing of resources. PMID- 3917826 TI - Are we failing our teenagers? Value of a family planning service for teenagers within the sexually transmitted disease clinic. AB - Out of 100 teenage girls attending a sexually transmitted disease clinic for the first time, 77 were found to be using a reliable method of contraception and had similar characteristics to teenage girls attending a family planning clinic. The 23 girls not using any reliable contraception exhibited a different pattern of sexual behaviour and were at high risk of unplanned pregnancy. Subsequently, another group of 23 girls not using contraception when seen at the sexually transmitted disease clinic were actively encouraged to attend a family planning clinic. Their risk of unplanned pregnancy was much reduced, although their pattern of sexual activity was unchanged. Ready availability of contraceptive advice for unprotected teenagers in sexually transmitted disease clinics would reduce their high risk of unplanned pregnancy. PMID- 3917827 TI - Hypercalcaemia. PMID- 3917828 TI - Self poisoning in 1984: a prediction that didn't come true. PMID- 3917829 TI - Why do our hospitals not make more use of the concept of a trauma team? PMID- 3917830 TI - Diagnosis by postmortem blood sampling. PMID- 3917831 TI - NHS theek hai? PMID- 3917832 TI - 'Tissue thyrotoxicosis'. PMID- 3917833 TI - Fast neutron treatment for malignant tumors of the facial area. PMID- 3917834 TI - Luteinising hormone releasing hormone analogue for prostatic cancer. PMID- 3917835 TI - New concepts in incontinence. PMID- 3917836 TI - First clinical use of penicillin. PMID- 3917837 TI - Pathology laboratories, management, and the future. PMID- 3917838 TI - Financial Information Project: message for the NHS. PMID- 3917839 TI - Cancer statistics, 1985. PMID- 3917840 TI - Cancer of the exocrine pancreas: the pathologic aspects. PMID- 3917842 TI - Does "multimodal" therapy for cancer really work? PMID- 3917841 TI - Probabilities of eventually developing or dying of cancer--United States, 1985. AB - The usual measures of the magnitude of the cancer problem are annual incidence and mortality data. We present another measure of the magnitude of the cancer problem. We computed the probabilities at birth and at various ages of developing or dying of the disease within 10 years, 20 years, or total lifetime and show the trends that have occurred in these data since 1975. These probabilities were computed for males and females and among whites and blacks for 1975 and 1980, and projected to 1985. The data indicate a continuing, albeit modest, increase in the probabilities of eventually developing cancer in each of the four sex-race groups, both excluding and including carcinoma in situ. White males now show the highest probability at birth of eventually developing cancer, and black females, the lowest, with the figures for the other two groups being intermediate. Larger increases were seen for males between 1980 and 1985 (more than three percent) than for females (two percent or less). A child born in the US in 1985 has more than one in three chances of eventually developing invasive cancer (exclusive of epidermoid skin cancer). By site, for males the largest probabilities and the largest increases in the probabilities are for eventually developing lung and prostate cancer. For women, the largest eventual probabilities are for breast cancer, almost one in 10 for white females and one in 14 for black females. The largest increases are seen for lung cancer and cancer of the colon-rectum. The probability of eventually dying of cancer is increasing among the four sex-race groups and is now greater for males of both races than for their female counterparts. For males born in 1985, the chances of eventual death from cancer are almost one in four, and for females, almost one in five. With the long-term, downward trends in terms of other causes of death--most specifically, decreases in mortality from cardiovascular diseases--the effect on the population at large is greater longevity. This situation, in turn, leaves more people longer time to be exposed to cancer risks. Thus, while the probabilities of developing or dying of cancer are seen to increase, the increases should be viewed in light of the increasing numbers of people available for such an occurrence.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3917843 TI - Medication for the flight deck. PMID- 3917844 TI - Primary gastrointestinal malignant lymphomas. A morphologic and immunohistochemical study. AB - Thirty-nine primary gastric and 22 intestinal malignant lymphomas collected from 1969 to 1980 have been studied morphologically and immunohistochemically. Eighteen of the 61 gastrointestinal lymphomas were of low-grade malignancy (9 lymphoplasmacytoid/cytic, 3 centrocytic, 6 centroblastic/centrocytic) and 43 were of high-grade malignancy (14 centroblastic, 7 lymphoblastic, 22 immunoblastic malignant lymphomas) according to the Kiel classification. The peroxidase antiperoxidase (PAP) method was used in 53 of the 61 cases. Twenty-seven of them revealed a monoclonal positivity for intracytoplasmic IgS: kappa light chains in 18 and lambda light chains in 7 cases. Two cases represented alpha chain disease, revealing only a heavy chain positivity. The most frequent staining pattern of the lymphoma cells was that of kappa/mu. Cells with a mixed centrocytic and plasma cell configuration (centrocytoid plasma cells) proved to be positive for intracytoplasmic IgS. Lymphoma cells of all tested cases proved to be negative for all histiocytic markers. Histologically and immunohistochemically, the Greek cases of primary gastrointestinal malignant lymphomas seem to resemble "western" type lymphomas. PMID- 3917845 TI - Immunoblastic lymphoma involving the bone marrow in a patient with alpha chain disease. Clinical and immunoelectron microscopic study. AB - A patient is reported who had disseminated immunoblastic proliferation that emerged during the course of alpha chain disease. This proliferation was characterized by overt marrow invasion together with osseous and neurologic manifestations. On immunoelectron microscopic study, the malignant immunoblasts displayed varying degrees of cytoplasmic maturation and constituted a morphologic spectrum of alpha-chain-synthesizing cells, ranging from immature blasts without endoplasmic reticulum development to relatively mature plasmablasts; alpha chain was not expressed at the surface of these cells. The general features of the overt malignant stage of alpha chain disease are reviewed in reference to this unusual case. The implications of the cellular findings are discussed with regard to the maturation stage of malignant immunoblasts. PMID- 3917846 TI - Gamma heavy chain disease: report of a case associated with trisomy of chromosome 7. AB - A case of gamma heavy chain disease is reported in a 52-year-old white male who presented with fever and generalized lymphadenopathy. A lymph node biopsy showed malignant lymphoma. A partial transient response was obtained with cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisone, and doxorubicin. He died 3 months after diagnosis from disease progression and infectious complications. Chromosome analysis of cells from an involved lymph node showed the presence of trisomy 7. Chromosome abnormalities have been reported in three of ten previously published cases of gamma heavy chain disease. Trisomy of chromosome #7 has not previously been reported. PMID- 3917847 TI - Modification of uptake and antiproliferative effect of methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) by treatment with alpha-difluoromethylornithine in rodent cell lines with different sensitivities to methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone). AB - Uptake characteristics and growth-inhibitory effects of methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) (MGBG), a competitive inhibitor of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase, were investigated in 9L rat brain tumor cells and in V79 hamster lung cells. Proliferation of 9L cells was only slightly inhibited by treatment with 40 microM MGBG alone, but when used in combination with 0.5 mM alpha difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), an irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase, proliferation was much more effectively inhibited. The intracellular concentration of MGBG was approximately 2-fold higher 4 days after cells were treated with both DFMO and MGBG, either simultaneously or when MGBG was added after a 48-hr DFMO pretreatment, than that in cells treated with MGBG alone. Polyamine levels in DFMO- and MGBG-treated cells correlated with the antiproliferative effects of the drugs. Used either alone or in combination with 1 mM DFMO, 0.5 microM MGBG inhibited the growth of and eventually killed V79 cells. Simultaneous or sequential treatment with DFMO and MGBG increased intracellular concentrations of MGBG at 4 days by 2- and 3-fold, respectively, compared to treatment with MGBG alone. Intracellular polyamine levels did not correlate with the antiproliferative effect of the two drugs in V79 cells. In both cell lines, polyamines and MGBG share a common transport system. The net transport of polyamines and MGBG was more temperature dependent and up to 10-fold more active in V79 cells than in 9L cells. The Km and Vmax values for spermidine and MGBG measured 10 sec after addition (initial permeation) were not affected by DFMO pretreatment in either cell line. However, 1 hr after administration, the Vmax values for spermidine and MGBG uptake were doubled in V79 cells pretreated for 48 hr with DFMO; no significant change occurred in 9L cells. Mitochondrial function, assessed by pyruvate oxidation, was substantially impaired by MGBG in V79 cells but not in 9L cells when the intracellular concentrations of MGBG were equal in each cell line. Pretreatment with DFMO did not increase MGBG-induced inhibition of pyruvate oxidation in V79 cells. These results show that, compared with V79 cells, the decreased sensitivity of 9L cells to MGBG may be related to decreased intracellular MGBG accumulation but not to cellular permeation such as carrier transport. Results of measurements of both polyamine levels and mitochondrial function indicate that V79 cells may be more susceptible to nonpolyamine-dependent effects of MGBG than are 9L cells. PMID- 3917848 TI - Adducts from in vivo action of the carcinogen 4-hydroxyaminoquinoline 1-oxide in rats and from in vitro reaction of 4-acetoxyaminoquinoline 1-oxide with DNA and polynucleotides. AB - In vivo 4-hydroxyamino[2-3H]quinoline 1-oxide-modified DNA and in vitro 4 acetoxyamino[2-3H]quinoline 1-oxide-modified DNA were enzymatically hydrolyzed, and the hydrolysates were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. The two patterns were compared, and we showed that all of the high-performance liquid chromatography peaks which were recovered from in vivo-modified DNA were present in the hydrolysate of in vitro-modified DNA. Therefore, we used the in vitro 4 acetoxyamino[2-3H]quinoline 1-oxide-modified DNA to investigate the quinoline purine adducts which are characteristics of the mode of action of the carcinogen 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide. By comparison with the enzymatic hydrolysates of 4 acetoxyamino[2-3H]quinoline 1-oxide-modified covalent poly(deoxyadenylate deoxythymidylate) X poly(deoxyadenylate-deoxythymidylate) and covalent poly(deoxyguanylate-deoxycytidylate) X poly(deoxyguanylate-deoxycytidylate) three nitroquinoline adducts were enumerated on the modified DNA. One of them was previously characterized as a C8-guanyl adduct. We proved that the two other are a guanine and an adenine adduct, respectively. A quinoline derivative was identified in the hydrolysates of the in vivo- and in vitro-modified DNAs as 4 aminoquinoline 1-oxide, the origin of which was postulated to be a degradation compound of one (or more) adduct(s). Moreover, the presence of two degradation compounds of the C8-guanyl adduct was shown in mild alkaline conditions. We suspected an imidazole ring-opened form. PMID- 3917849 TI - Tissue-specific induction patterns of cancer-protective enzymes in mice by tert butyl-4-hydroxyanisole and related substituted phenols. AB - Some of the anticarcinogenic effects of 2(3)-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole (BHA) are attributable to the induction of detoxifying enzymes in the liver and peripheral tissues. This study was designed to determine if the tissue specificity of enzyme induction could be manipulated by structural modification of BHA. The induction of glutathione S-transferases and quinone reductase (EC 1.6.99.2) by the component isomers of commercial BHA (major isomer, 3-BHA and minor isomer, 2-BHA), the methyl ether of BHA, tert-butylhydroquinone, and 4 hydroxyanisole was examined in the cytosols of liver, four regions of the gastrointestinal tract, lung, and kidney of female CD-1 mice. Induction patterns showed specificity with respect to chemical nature of inducer, target tissue, and enzymes elevated. Thus, 3-BHA and methyl-BHA induced both enzymes primarily in liver and upper small intestine but were inactive in forestomach; 2-BHA was a much less potent inducer than were 3-BHA and methyl-BHA in the liver and inactive in upper small intestine, but it produced a 2-fold elevation of enzymes in the forestomach, as did tert-butylhydroquinone and 4-hydroxyanisole. Only tert butylhydroquinone raised transferases in the glandular stomach where all other compounds were ineffective. No compound examined raised enzymes significantly in the colon. 3-BHA and methyl-BHA induced quinone reductase of lung and kidney, where the other compounds were relatively less effective. The marked hepatomegaly associated with administration of 3-BHA and methyl-BHA was characterized by elevations of total DNA, RNA, and protein content suggesting a combination of hypertrophy and hyperplasia. PMID- 3917850 TI - Inhibition of human malignant neuroblastoma cell DNA synthesis by lipoxygenase metabolites of arachidonic acid. AB - In vivo studies have shown that inhibitors of cyclooxygenase metabolism of arachidonic acid may diminish growth and metastasis of certain tumors. Because cyclooxygenase inhibition may increase the production of lipoxygenase products of arachidonic acid metabolism, we have investigated the effect of two such products, 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE) and 15 hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE) on tumor cell proliferation in vitro. When neuroblastoma cells (SK-N-SH) in culture were treated with 12-HETE for 18 hr, incorporation of [3H]thymidine was inhibited up to 64% at concentrations from 20 to 50 microM. Under the same conditions, 15-HETE resulted in inhibition of up to 46%, while arachidonic acid had no apparent effect. When evaluated in the presence of serum, 12-HETE at a concentration of 120 microM produced a 20.6 +/- 2.8% (S.E.) inhibition of the increase in total DNA content over 48 hr, while 15 HETE at this concentration produced a 16.5 +/- 5.3% inhibition. We conclude that 12-HETE, the product of platelet lipoxygenase, and 15-HETE, a product of neutrophil and lymphocyte lipoxygenases, can inhibit human neuroblastoma cell growth in vitro and may play a role in the effect of cyclooxygenase inhibitors on tumor growth in vivo. PMID- 3917851 TI - Covalent binding of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene and 10-fluoro-7,12 dimethylbenz(a)anthracene to mouse epidermal DNA and its relationship to tumor initiating activity. AB - 10-Fluoro-7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (10-F-DMBA) is a more potent skin tumor initiator in SENCAR mice when compared with the parent hydrocarbon 7,12 dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA). To elucidate the mechanism for this difference, the covalent binding of these two hydrocarbons to the DNA of mouse epidermal cells in vivo and in vitro was compared. The quantity of 10-F-DMBA covalently bound to mouse epidermal DNA in vivo was greater than that of DMBA at all doses tested over the range of 4 to 200 nmol/mouse. The magnitude of this binding difference between 10-F-DMBA and DMBA was greater at the higher doses (e.g., 1.5 fold at 4 nmol/mouse versus 3.4-fold at 200 nmol/mouse). These results correlated closely with the dose-response relationships for tumor initiation by the two hydrocarbons. Analysis of the isolated DNA samples by Servacel DHB chromatography revealed the relative proportion of syn-diol-epoxide:DNA adducts derived from DMBA increased dramatically as a function of dose (approximately 30% at 4 nmol/mouse versus approximately 55% at 200 nmol/mouse). Conversely, the relative proportion of syn-diol-epoxide adducts derived from 10-F-DMBA was low and remained essentially constant over the same dose range. High-pressure liquid chromatographic analyses of the DNA adducts derived from DMBA- and 10-F-DMBA treated mice revealed qualitatively similar profiles. However, as expected, there was a marked reduction in the relative proportion of syn-diol-epoxide:DNA adducts in the profiles of epidermal samples from 10-F-DMBA-treated mice. The major syn diol-epoxide:deoxy-adenosine adduct was present at a level only 30% that found in high-pressure liquid chromatographic profiles of DMBA samples. Similar results were obtained when primary cultures of mouse epidermal cells were treated with the hydrocarbons. The results suggest that the increased total binding and possibly the decreased proportion of syn-diol-epoxide:DNA adducts confer greater tumor-initiating potency on 10-F-DMBA. PMID- 3917852 TI - Activity of the new antifolate N10-propargyl-5,8-dideazafolate and its polyglutamates against human dihydrofolate reductase, human thymidylate synthetase, and KB cells containing different levels of dihydrofolate reductase. AB - The action of N10-propargyl-5,8-dideazafolate (PDDF) and its gamma-polyglutamyl analogues against human thymidylate synthetase and dihydrofolate reductase was examined. PDDF inhibited thymidylate synthetase in a noncompetitive fashion with respect to 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate and dihydrofolate reductase in a competitive fashion with respect to dihydrofolate. Ki values were estimated to be 20 and 250 nM, respectively. The addition of glutamyl moieties through gamma linkage enhanced the inhibitory activity of PDDF against thymidylate synthetase without significant effect on dihydrofolate reductase. PDDF inhibited human KB cell growth, and its potency was found to be influenced less than that of methotrexate by the amount of cellular dihydrofolate reductase. PMID- 3917853 TI - Inhibition of carcinogenesis by alpha-difluoromethylornithine in heterotopically transplanted rat urinary bladders. AB - Inhibitory effects of alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) on urinary bladder carcinogenesis were examined using the heterotopically transplanted rat urinary bladder (HTB) model. Male Fischer rats with an HTB were arbitrarily divided into four groups. Group 1 rats received into the HTBs 0.25 mg of N-methyl-N nitrosourea (MNU) once a week for 3 weeks, followed by instillation twice a week of 0.5 ml of 2% DFMO dissolved in normal rat urine. Group 2 rats received the same amount of MNU, followed by instillation of urine without DFMO. Group 3 rats received a single dose of 0.25 mg of MNU, followed by instillation twice a week of urine containing 2% DFMO. Group 4 rats were treated as those in Group 3 but without DFMO. At 8, 14, and 20 weeks after the last MNU administration, urothelial polyamine levels and [3H] thymidine incorporation by the urothelium of HTBs were determined in nine rats of Groups 1 and 2. The remaining animals of Groups 1 and 2 were killed 25 weeks after the beginning of MNU injection, while those of Groups 3 and 4, 30 weeks after the MNU treatment. The contents of 3 polyamines (putrescine, spermidine, and spermine) in urothelial cells were significantly lower in Group 1 as compared with Group 2. The incidences of carcinoma were significantly lower in the groups treated with DFMO (p less than 0.001, Group 1 versus Group 2; p less than 0.005, Group 3 versus Group 4). These observations indicate that administration of DFMO inhibits (or retards) bladder carcinogenesis in HTBs. A possible mechanism for this effect is suppression of polyamine biosynthesis and proliferation of bladder epithelial cells. PMID- 3917854 TI - Enhancement of the antiproliferative activity of human interferon by polyamine depletion. AB - Recombinant leukocyte type A human interferon and human lymphoblastoid interferon in combination with alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), an inhibitor of polyamine biosynthesis, have synergistic antiproliferative activity against colony formation in vitro by human tumor cells differing greater than 1000-fold in their intrinsic sensitivity to inhibitory effects of interferon. Interferon and DFMO in combination with doxorubicin have greater antiproliferative activity than is expected on the basis of additive effects based on the activity of doxorubicin alone and the synergistic activity of interferon plus DFMO. The addition of the polyamine putrescine to the cell cultures eliminates the synergistic interactions of interferon and DFMO and does not inhibit the activity of interferon itself. Aspirin and indomethacin at concentrations in vitro greater than those required for anti-inflammatory activity in vivo did not inhibit the antiproliferative activity of interferon alone and did not inhibit the synergistic activity of the combination of interferon and DFMO. Combination regimens including interferon and DFMO merit clinical evaluation for therapeutic activity against advanced cancers. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents should be studied for their ability to ameliorate symptomatic toxicity from interferon. PMID- 3917855 TI - The engrailed locus of Drosophila: structural analysis of an embryonic transcript. AB - cDNA clones originating from the engrailed gene of Drosophila have been isolated from recombinant phage libraries that were made using poly(A)+ RNA extracted from early embryos. The DNA sequence of one of these clones includes a homeo box, a 180 bp sequence present in several other Drosophila genes important in formation of body pattern during development. The homeo boxes found in the other Drosophila genes, as well as in cognate sequences from a wide range of segmented animals, including higher vertebrates, are highly conserved. By contrast, the homeo box within the engrailed gene diverges substantially and, unlike the other homeo boxes, is interrupted by an intervening sequence. The engrailed homeo box is located near the 3' end of a 1700 bp open reading frame. If translated, this sequence would produce a protein of unusual composition. We also show that a neighboring gene has a large region with strong homology to engrailed, and that it also contains a homeo box. PMID- 3917856 TI - The engrailed locus of Drosophila: in situ localization of transcripts reveals compartment-specific expression. AB - The engrailed locus plays a unique and critical role in organizing the segmented body plan of Drosophila. Embryos lacking engrailed function die with fused, abnormal segments. Adult mosaics with patches of engrailed cells similarly suffer defects in all of their segments, but only with mutant cells that are in the posterior developmental compartment of each segment. The non-uniform requirement for engrailed function reflects the position-dependent expression of the engrailed locus and we demonstrate it here unambiguously by directly visualizing engrailed transcripts in frozen sections of embryos and larvae and in whole imaginal discs. These results demonstrate that developmental compartments subdivide the embryonic insect segments. In these and in the compartments of the later developmental stages the engrailed locus is expressed in the posterior but not the anterior compartments. With its role in controlling the developmental pathway of the posterior compartment cells, the engrailed locus may be an example of a binary developmental switch. PMID- 3917857 TI - T cell antigen receptors and the immunoglobulin supergene family. PMID- 3917858 TI - Structure, organization, and somatic rearrangement of T cell gamma genes. AB - We present the initial characterization of a novel family of genes that rearrange in T cells, but do not encode either of the defined (alpha/beta) subunits of the clone-specific heterodimer of the T cell receptor. The family comprises at least three variable (V) gene segments, three constant (C) gene segments, and three junction (J) gene segments. In a cloned cytolytic T lymphocyte, 2C, one of each of these fragments has productively rearranged to yield an expressed VJC transcription unit, which shows no evidence for somatic mutation. Short sequences similar to those implicated in immunoglobulin gene and T cell receptor beta chain gene rearrangement flank the V and J segments of this family. The linkage of two of the three V gene segments has been determined: the segments lie approximately 2.5 kb apart, and are arranged head-to-head. The inverted arrangement may cast light upon the mechanisms utilized by lymphocytes for gene rearrangement. PMID- 3917859 TI - A single rearrangement event generates most of the chicken immunoglobulin light chain diversity. AB - The chicken immunoglobulin lambda locus contains a single C lambda gene with a unique J lambda element, 1.9 kb upstream. The same V lambda gene (V lambda 1) is rearranged in most cells of the Bursa of Fabricius. This V lambda 1 gene is located, in germ-line configuration, 1.7 kb upstream from J lambda and in the same transcriptional orientation. Eight to twelve variable genes of the same set are found adjacent to the V lambda 1 gene, indicating that V-gene amplification did occur. Three of these genes were sequenced and proved to be pseudogenes, one of them having an inverted polarity. Data suggesting extensive somatic diversification of the V lambda 1 sequence are reported, including the possible use of nonfunctional V elements in a somatic gene-conversion-like process. PMID- 3917860 TI - Molecular genetics of the achaete-scute gene complex of D. melanogaster. AB - The achaete-scute gene complex (AS-C), involved in differentiation of the sensory chaetes of D. melanogaster, and the yellow locus have been cloned. The yellow locus is the most distal and is followed, proximally, by the achaete and the scute loci. In the scute locus (75 kb), three transcription units separated by long stretches of DNA give rise to poly(A)+ RNAs of 1.6, 1.2, and 1.6 kb. Most DNA lesions associated with scute mutations map within the presumably untranscribed DNA. Their mutant phenotypes are stronger the closer the lesions are to the structural gene of one transcript (T4 RNA). Genetic and developmental data suggest that only this RNA is fundamental for the scute function. Its transcription might be perturbed by far removed DNA lesions. A second transcript is probably implicated in the lethal of scute embryonic function, while the third transcript is unnecessary for the differentiation of most macrochaetes. Two additional polyadenylated RNAs are transcribed from the achaete (1.1 kb) and yellow (1.9 kb) loci. PMID- 3917861 TI - The Tetrahymena rRNA intron self-splices in E. coli: in vivo evidence for the importance of key base-paired regions of RNA for RNA enzyme function. AB - We have developed an in vivo RNA splicing assay for the self-splicing rRNA intron of Tetrahymena thermophila using E. coli as the host. A DNA fragment containing the intron sequence has been cloned into M13mp83 so that expression of the beta galactosidase alpha-fragment is dependent upon intron excision from the mRNA precursor. Plaque phenotypes correlate well with levels of excised intron RNA. Point mutations were made by oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis in conserved sequences P, Q, and S. All showed reduced splicing, agreeing with mitochondrial genetic data for S and providing the first direct evidence that P and Q are functionally important. The results support the hypothesis that base-pairing of R with S and P with Q is important for intron structure and function. PMID- 3917862 TI - Calcium ionophore (A23187) increases interleukin 1 (IL-1) production by human peripheral blood monocytes and interacts synergistically with IL-1 to augment concanavalin A stimulated thymocyte proliferation. AB - The effects of calcium ionophore, A23187, on production of interleukin 1 (IL-1) by human peripheral blood monocytes (PEMo) and on murine thymocyte proliferation were examined. A23187 induced IL-1 production by human PBMo. The optimal dose was 10(-6) M. Although IL-1 production induced by A23187 was less than that by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or silica, A23187 together with LPS had a synergistic effect on induction of IL-1. A23187 also had a more marked synergistic effect in concert with Concanavalin A and/or IL-1 on murine thymocyte proliferation. The optimal dose was also 10(-6) M. This represents the first report suggesting that monocytes or the monocyte product, IL-1, may contribute to the mitogenic effect of A23187 for thymocytes. PMID- 3917863 TI - Proliferative capabilities of T3-positive thymocytes. AB - The proliferative responses to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and to OKT3 monoclonal antibody of various human thymocyte subsets were studied. Unfractionated thymocytes are very poorly responsive cells, as assessed by both PHA and OKT3 stimulation. The mitogen responsiveness is confined to the T3-enriched (T3+) subset, the T6-positive (T6+) cells being almost completely devoid of proliferative capacity. The addition of exogenous IL-2 increases the proliferative responses to PHA and OKT3 of both unfractionated and T3+ thymocytes. This implies that the endogenous IL-2 production by thymocytes is inadequate to fully support the intrinsic proliferative capacity of these cells. Even in the presence of an optimal amount of IL-2, T3+ thymocytes exhibit proliferative responses of lower magnitude as compared to those of peripheral T counterpart (PBT). These observations indicate that the maturative level attained by the T3+ subpopulation within the thymus is considerably inferior to that of T3+ fully immunocompetent peripheral T lymphocytes. Macrophages are activated to produce IL-1 following the stimulation by OKT3-pulsed T lymphocytes. T3+ thymocytes are markedly less efficient than PBT in inducing IL-1 secretion. These data suggest that T3+ lymphocytes within the thymus are relatively immature in terms of cooperative capacities with accessory cells. In conclusion, T3+ cells constituting the more mature intrathymic pool do not reach a complete functional differentiation as compared with the T3+ peripheral counterpart. PMID- 3917864 TI - Down-regulation of Ia expression on macrophages by sea star factor. AB - Sea star factor (SSF), a protein of 39,000 Da isolated from the coelomocytes of Asterias forbesi, was found to inhibit the induction of Ia expression on murine macrophages by concanavalin A supernatants. Addition of SSF to cultured macrophages at the same time as the lymphokine preparation significantly reduced the percentage Ia+ cells after 5 days culture, compared to cultures given lymphokine only. Intraperitoneal injection of SSF also reduced the percentage Ia+ peritoneal exudate macrophages by three-fourths in Listeria-infected mice. Addition of the cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor, indomethacin, to macrophage cultures reversed this Ia-suppressive effect of SSF. Since macrophages from endotoxin unresponsive and endotoxin-responsive mice were both sensitive to the Ia inhibitory effect of SSF, the induction of arachidonic acid metabolism and the inhibition of Ia appear to be independent of the action of endotoxin. The SSF induced down regulation of Ia expression may be a major factor in the suppression of primary immune responses to T-dependent antigens previously noted in studies with SSF. PMID- 3917865 TI - Impaired lymphocyte functions in heterozygous rabbits recovering from neonatal allotype suppression. AB - Lymphocytes from heterozygous rabbits suppressed for an allotypic determinant on kappa light chains by exposure to maternally derived antibodies specific for the paternal gene product were analyzed for their capacity to express membrane-bound and secreted immunoglobulin (Ig). Individual cells displaying allotypic membrane Ig (mIg) were enumerated by a rosette test, while Ig-secreting cells were assessed by means of a hemolytic plaque assay. In a group of suppressed rabbits varying in age from 3 to 19 months, the proportion of cells with mIg of the paternal type was markedly higher than that of cells secreting that type of Ig. The same high proportion of lymphocytes displaying mIg of the suppressed type was observed whether lymphocytes from blood, spleen, or lymph nodes of suppressed rabbits were examined. In contrast, similar analyses performed with cells of normal heterozygous rabbits showed no discrepancy between mIg expression and secretion of either allotype. Lymphocytes synthesizing Ig of the paternal type were also defective in responses to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which stimulates differentiation to Ig secretion in normal B lymphocytes. These results support the idea that B lymphocytes capable of synthesizing the suppressed type of Ig have functional impairments affecting secretion and responses to environmental stimuli. PMID- 3917866 TI - Glycolipid receptor for human migration inhibitory factor: fucose and sialic acid are important for the human monocyte response to migration inhibitory factor. AB - The role of carbohydrate in the interaction of human migration inhibitory factor (MIF) with human peripheral blood monocytes was investigated by studying the effects of different exoglycosidases on the cellular response to MIF. When monocytes were pretreated with neuraminidase, an exoglycosidase specific for sialic acid, they became unresponsive to MIF. Other glycosidases, such as beta galactosidase and alpha-mannosidase, were inactive in this respect. The effect of neuraminidase was reversible since the response to MIF was restored to normal levels after 24 hr. In parallel studies, a glycolipid-enriched extract from U937 cells, a human macrophage-like cell line, known to enhance the monocyte response to MIF, lost this activity when treated with neuraminidase and alpha-L fucosidase, but not with beta-galactosidase. This suggests the importance of terminal sialic acid and fucose residues for the interaction between monocyte membrane glycolipids and MIF. PMID- 3917867 TI - Cordycepin reduces the sensitivity of BALB/Mo mouse lymphocytes to the induction of sister chromatid exchanges. AB - Lymphocytes from the spleen of BALB/Mo mice, which carry endogenous Moloney murine leukemia virus (M-MuLV), show in vitro frequencies of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) significantly higher than lymphocytes from control (M-MuLV free) BALB/c mice. In vitro treatment of lymphocytes with the antiviral antibiotic cordycepin (10 micrograms/ml) lowers the level of SCEs in BALB/Mo cells to the same value of BALB/c cells. M-MuLV yield is also markedly reduced in BALB/Mo lymphocytes cultured in the presence of cordycepin. The drug also abolishes the increased sensitivity of BALB/Mo lymphocytes to the induction of SCEs by mitomycin C (MMC) either in vitro (3 X 10(-8)/10(-7)M) or in vivo (0.3/3 mg/kg). Since cordycepin is known to inhibit poly(A)synthesis thus blocking RNA maturation, it is suggested that M-MuLV proviral integration is not per se the sole factor responsible for the more pronounced susceptibility of BALB/Mo lymphocytes to SCE induction, but most likely viral gene expression and amplification are needed for this effect to occur. PMID- 3917868 TI - Involvement of the exocyclic amino group of deoxyguanosine in DNA-catalysed carcinogen detoxification. AB - The interactions of 7r,8t-dihydroxy-9t,10t-oxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a] pyrene (BPDE-I) with purified DNAs and synthetic polynucleotides of varying base composition have been studied. The ability of these polynucleotides to catalyse BPDE-I hydrolysis is strongly base-composition dependent, increasing with increasing (% G + C). Covalent binding of [3H](+)-BPDE-I to DNA shows a similar, linear dependence on base composition. Association constants for non-covalent binding exhibit no clear base-composition dependence. Poly(dI-dC) is relatively ineffective in catalysing hydrolysis, suggesting that the exocyclic amino group of deoxyguanosine is involved in catalysis. Several plausible models for this dependence are presented, ranging from conformational changes with changing base composition to general acid catalysis by the exocyclic amino group of deoxyguanosine. PMID- 3917869 TI - alpha-Difluoromethylornithine inhibits cell growth stimulated by a tumor promoting rat urinary fraction. AB - The growth stimulating activity of a tumor-promoting rat urinary fraction (Fraction I), and its inhibition by alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) were examined in vitro using a rat bladder carcinoma cell line, 804G cells. Cell growth was markedly stimulated by Fraction I when added to the basic medium containing 0.2% fetal calf serum (FCS). The increased proliferative activity was associated with an increase in ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity and intracellular polyamine content. DFMO effectively inhibited the growth of 804G cells stimulated by Fraction I or by 10% FCS, and the inhibition was associated with suppression of ODC activity and partial depletion of intracellular putrescine and spermidine. Growth inhibition was reversed by exogenous putrescine. These results show that (i) urinary Fraction I, both a tumor promoter in bladder carcinogenesis and an ODC inducer in 804G cells, has potent mitogenicity in 804G cells, and (ii) the mitogenicity is inhibited by DMFO, an irreversible inhibitor of ODC. PMID- 3917870 TI - Irreversible depression in the ratio of tetraploid:diploid liver nuclei in rats treated with 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene (3'M). AB - A reduction in the ratio of tetraploid to diploid liver nuclei has been investigated as an early indicator of hepatocarcinogenesis in the rat using the liver carcinogen 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene (3'M). In a dose ranging study 3'M was administered by gavage to rats at 5, 12.5 and 25 mg/kg for up to 10 weeks and the following parameters studied: bodyweight gain, dye binding to hepatic protein, nuclear ploidy in liver and histopathology. Significant reduction in bodyweight occurred only with 25 mg/kg; dye binding to protein occurred in a dose-related manner; depression of the percentage of tetraploid nuclei compared with diploids was dose-related and effects were detected even at the lowest dose. These observations were consistent with those from previous studies by other investigators. In a separate experiment 3'M was administered at the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of 25 mg/kg for 3 weeks, during which time there was a significant reduction in bodyweight gain and a reduction in the ratio of tetraploid:diploid liver nuclei. After cessation of dosing the rate of bodyweight gain returned to normal but there was no corresponding recovery of the ratio of tetraploid:diploid nuclei in the liver. A long-term continuous gavage study at 2.5 mg/kg revealed a time dependent reduction in the ratio of tetraploid:diploid liver hepatocyte nuclei and histopathological changes that included hepatocarcinoma were also observed. There was no correlation between the severity of pathological changes and the change in nuclear ploidy ratio in this experiment and it is concluded that the changes in ploidy ratio are related to the carcinogenic effect of 3'M and are independent of its gross toxicity. PMID- 3917871 TI - Influence of isopropylvaleramide and allylisopropylacetamide on transformation of C3H/10T1/2 cells induced by benzo[a]pyrene derivatives. AB - We examined the effect of aliphatic amides isopropylvaleramide (IVA) and allylisopropylacetamide (AIA) on the oncogenic transformation of C3H/10T1/2 cells induced by benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) or its proximate and ultimate metabolites (+/-) trans-7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P-7,8-diol) and (+/-)-7 beta,8 alpha-dihydroxy-9 alpha,10 alpha-epoxy-7,8,9, 10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P diol-epoxide), respectively. IVA and AIA given prior to, simultaneously with, or for 24 h intervals beginning up to 48 h after removal of carcinogens significantly suppressed transformation induced by B[a]P or the 7,8-diol metabolite. Both modifiers were most effective when added for 24 h immediately following carcinogen exposure. IVA and AIA were also very potent inhibitors of B[a]P-diol-epoxide transformation; however they were most effective when added for 24 h simultaneously with the B[a]P-diol-epoxide. No significant difference in B[a]P-diol-epoxide binding to DNA in C3H/10T1/2 cells was observed during 1 or 24 h exposure to this carcinogen in the presence or absence of IVA or AIA. Neither modifier affected X-ray transformation when added for 24 h immediately following X-irradiation of C3H/10T1/2 cells. These results suggest that AIA and especially IVA might be important tools in studies directed at non-metabolic aspects of B[a]P carcinogenesis. PMID- 3917872 TI - Glutathione conjugation of the carcinogenic and mutagenic electrophile (+/-)-7 beta, 8 alpha-dihydroxy-9 alpha, 10 alpha-oxy-7,8,9,10-tetra hydrobenzo[a]pyrene catalyzed by purified rat liver glutathione transferases. AB - The kinetics of the enzyme-catalyzed conjugation of (+/-)-7 beta, 8 alpha dihydroxy-9 alpha, 10 alpha-oxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]-pyrene [(+/-)-anti BPDE] with glutathione (GSH) by the following purified soluble rat liver GSH transferases: 1-1, 1-2, 2-2, 3-3, 3-4 and 4-4 have been studied. When BPDE concentration was varied while GSH concentration remained constant (1 mM), linear Lineweaver-Burk plots were obtained: maximum rates of conjugation mediated by GSH transferases 1-1, 1-2, 2-2, 3-3, 3-4 and 4-4 were 105, 72, 83, 35, 179 and 357 nmol/min/mg protein, respectively. When GSH concentration was varied while BPDE concentration remained constant (40 microM), biphasic Lineweaver-Burk plots were obtained in each case with a break point of 0.2 mM GSH below which the affinity of these enzymes for GSH was apparently greater. These results are discussed with respect to the detoxication of benzo[a]pyrene (BP) in vivo. PMID- 3917873 TI - The role of free radical-mediated processes in oxygen-related damage in cultured murine myocardial cells. AB - A new approach to quantifying myocyte cell death utilizing fluorescence-activated sorting of antimyosin antibody-labeled cells was used to study the effects of oxygen-generated free radicals on cell survival. Uptake of antimyosin, reflecting sarcolemmal damage, increased under conditions which promoted elevated free radical formation and decreased in the presence of increased levels of free radical-scavenging agents. Superoxide dismutase decreased antimyosin uptake at pH 6.7 and 7.5. Mannitol decreased antimyosin uptake at pH 6.5 and 6.7 but not at pH 7.5, and dimethyl sulfoxide decreased antimyosin uptake at pH 6.4 but not at pH 7.5. These data suggest that a greater portion of hydroxyl radicals are produced at higher concentrations of hydrogen ion. Mannitol, a scavenger of hydroxyl radicals, was effective in reducing antimyosin uptake at pH 7.5 in the presence of ferrous sulfate, but had no effect on antimyosin uptake in the absence of ferrous sulfate, suggesting possible iron-mediated catalysis of hydroxyl radical formation. The data suggest that oxygen-derived free radicals can cause significant loss of membrane integrity in cultured myocytes, that the species of radical formed is dependent both on pH and the concentration of iron salts, and that this injury is, at least in part, preventable by the administration of exogenous radical scavenging agents. PMID- 3917874 TI - Mechanism of action of angiotensin II and bradykinin on prostaglandin synthesis and vascular tone in the isolated rat kidney. Effect of Ca++ antagonists and calmodulin inhibitors. AB - We have studied the effect of angiotensin II and bradykinin on prostaglandin output and vascular tone during extracellular calcium depletion and administration of calcium antagonists and calmodulin inhibitors to elucidate the mechanism of action in the isolated rat kidney perfused with Tyrode's solution. Administration of angiotensin II (0.028-0.28 nmol) or bradykinin (0.28-2.8 nmol) enhanced the output of prostaglandin E2 and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha in a dose-dependent manner. Angiotensin II, but not bradykinin, produced renal vasoconstriction. Omission of calcium from the medium or infusion of calcium entry blockers, diltiazem (60 microM), or nimodipine (47 microM), failed to alter prostaglandin output elicited by angiotensin II or bradykinin; however, the effect of angiotensin II to produce renal vasoconstriction was inhibited. If calcium was omitted from the medium, the intracellular calcium antagonists, 8 (diethylamino)octyl 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate hydrochloride (23 microM), dantrolene sodium (31 microM), or ryanodine (2 microM), attenuated prostaglandin output caused by angiotensin II but not bradykinin. Calmodulin inhibitors, trifluoperazine (2 microM), napthalene sulfonamide hydrochloride (2 microM), or calmidazolium (2 microM), diminished prostaglandin output elicited by angiotensin II, but not that caused by bradykinin. Trifluoperazine, but not naphthalene sulfonamide or calmidazolium, attenuated the renal vasoconstrictor effect of angiotensin II. Prostaglandin output induced by angiotensin II and bradykinin were inhibited by mepacrine and indomethacin, whereas, the prostaglandin output caused by exogenous arachidonic acid (33 nmol) was abolished by indomethacin but was unaltered by mepacrine, calcium antagonists, and calmodulin inhibitors. From these data, we conclude that angiotensin II produces renal vasoconstriction by a mechanism dependent on extracellular calcium but not calmodulin, whereas angiotensin II-induced prostaglandin output depends on intracellular calcium and calmodulin. In contrast, bradykinin appears to stimulate prostaglandin synthesis by a calcium/calmodulin-independent mechanism. PMID- 3917875 TI - International survey of apolipoproteins A1 and B measurements (1983-1984). AB - We report here results of a worldwide survey of apolipoprotein (apo) A1 and B measurements. A lyophilized pool of human serum was developed for the survey to test its suitability as a candidate Reference Material. Seventy-five laboratories from 18 countries responded to invitations to participate. Using several methods, they evaluated the mass concentration of apo A1 and B in the proposed Reference Material. The bias between laboratories and between analytical methods was then characterized. Fifty-five laboratories reported results before the deadline on measurement of at least one apolipoprotein by one method. Variation in apo A1 and B among collaborators constituted the largest source of error in the study (68% of the total variation for apo A1, 73% for apo B). Variation among method means was not significant for apo A1, but for apo B it constituted 20% of the total variation. Differences due to vials or in replicate measurements within vials were found to constitute 6% or less of the total variability. Within-laboratory, among-vial, and among-replicate CV values were less than 5% for the study. These results suggest that future standardization efforts can be successful. PMID- 3917876 TI - Quantification of human serum apolipoprotein AI by enzyme immunoassay. AB - We developed a quantitative assay for apolipoprotein AI (apo AI) in human serum, using a "sandwich"-type enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Diluted serum samples were pipetted into the wells of polystyrene microtiter plates that had been previously coated with purified rabbit anti-human apo AI antibodies. After incubation for 2 h and washing, antibodies conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7) were added and incubated for 2 h; after further washing, the bound enzyme was assayed by oxidation of o-phenylenediamine. Assay conditions were optimized for the incubation time and the amounts of coating antibodies and conjugate. Assay sensitivity is about 0.5 ng of apo AI, with a working range of 1 to 14 ng, similar to that of radioimmunoassays for human apo AI. The standard curves for apo AI in serum or HDL and for purified apo AI were parallel. Delipidation, heat treatment, or addition of detergents did not affect the amount of immunoassayable apo AI in human serum. The intra- and interassay CVs were 4 and 8%, respectively. Results for 100 serum samples compared well with those by immunonephelometry (r = 0.94). PMID- 3917877 TI - Detection of thyroid disorders by use of basal thyrotropin values determined with an optimized "sandwich" enzyme immunoassay. AB - To measure the concentrations of thyrotropin (thyroid-stimulating hormone), we used the components of a commercially available two-step "sandwich" enzyme immunoassay (Enzymun-Test TSH, Boehringer Mannheim) based on the specific binding of the beta-subunit of thyrotropin by monoclonal antibodies coated on polystyrene tubes. By modifying the original assay protocol, we lowered the limit of detection to 0.18 milli-int. units/L, using a total incubation period of 22 h. With this modification we could differentiate between patients responsive to administration of thyroliberin (thyrotropin-releasing factor) and those who were non-responders, by measuring only the basal concentration of thyrotropin. Furthermore, we demonstrated a correlation between the basal concentration of thyrotropin and its increase after administration of thyroliberin (r = 0.77, n = 48). PMID- 3917879 TI - Thyroid-function indices in an analbuminemic subject being treated with thyroxin for hypothyroidism. PMID- 3917878 TI - Mixed acid-base disorders. AB - Mixed acid-base disorders, the occurrence of two or more primary acid-base disturbances in the same patient, are common in the hospital population, but are usually misdiagnosed because of lack of knowledge of the consequences of the primary disturbances. This paper describes seven examples of these disorders recently seen in the authors' hospital, and provides a logical approach to their diagnosis. PMID- 3917880 TI - Quantification of monoclonal human IgM. PMID- 3917881 TI - Exacerbation of ventricular tachycardia by tocainide. AB - Exacerbation of ventricular arrhythmias by antiarrhythmic drugs the lignocaine type has not been reported previously. In this paper we describe three patients with a variety of ventricular arrhythmias who were treated with tocainide and developed worsening of the ventricular arrhythmias. In one patient, frequent ventricular ectopic beats were converted to sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) in another, nonsustained VT was converted to sustained VT, and in a third, monomorphic VT was converted to multimorphic VT. These patients illustrate the need for careful supervision of antiarrhythmic therapy for VT, even when lignocaine-like drugs are being used. PMID- 3917882 TI - Total knee arthroplasty. AB - Over the past 15 years, total knee arthroplasty has evolved to a substantial degree with respect to both design and technique. Although initially it lagged well behind the "state of the art" for total hip arthroplasty, it now appears to have surpassed the older procedure, particularly with respect to durability. The management of severe deformities and the improvement of the eventual range of motion remain challenges, but both are being met with increasing success. PMID- 3917883 TI - The effect of airway anaesthesia on the control of breathing and the sensation of breathlessness in man. AB - The effect on ventilation of airway anaesthesia, produced by the inhalation of a 5% bupivacaine aerosol (aerodynamic mass median diameter = 4.77 micron), was studied in 12 normal subjects. The dose and distribution of the aerosol were determined from lung scans after the addition to bupivacaine of 99mTc. Bupivacaine labelled in this way was deposited primarily in the central airways. The effectiveness and duration of airway anaesthesia were assessed by the absence of the cough reflex to the inhalation of three breaths of a 5% citric acid aerosol. Airway anaesthesia always lasted more than 20 min. Resting ventilation was measured, by respiratory inductance plethysmography, before and after inhalation of saline and bupivacaine aerosols. The ventilatory response to maximal incremental exercise and, separately, to CO2 inhalation was studied after the inhalation of saline and bupivacaine aerosols. Breathlessness was quantified by using a visual analogue scale (VAS) during a study and by questioning on its completion. At rest, airway anaesthesia had no effect on mean tidal volume (VT), inspiratory time (Ti), expiratory time (Te) or end-tidal PCO2, although the variability of tidal volume was increased. On exercise, slower deeper breathing was produced and breathlessness was reduced. The ventilatory response to CO2 was increased. The results suggest that stretch receptors in the airways modulate the pattern of breathing in normal man when ventilation is stimulated by exercise; their activation may also be involved in the genesis of the associated breathlessness. A hypothesis in terms of a differential airway/alveolar receptor block, is proposed to explain the exaggerated ventilatory response to CO2. PMID- 3917884 TI - The effect of intravenous sodium cromoglycate on the bronchoconstriction induced by sulphur dioxide inhalation in man. AB - Ten healthy subjects received, on separate occasions, intravenous infusions of 0.9% NaCl solution (saline) and of sodium cromoglycate given in a double-blind cross-over fashion. After 20 min of infusion the specific airway conductance (sGaw) of each subject was measured in a body plethysmograph. The subject then breathed first a low (1-20 p.p.m.) and then a higher (4-40 p.p.m.) concentration of sulphur dioxide (SO2) for 2 min while the infusion continued. Measurements of sGaw were repeated after each inhalation of SO2. Sodium cromoglycate infusion did not affect the sGaw measured before challenge with SO2. During the infusion of sodium cromoglycate, the falls in sGaw in response to both concentrations of SO2 were significantly less than those which occurred during saline infusion. Plasma concentrations of sodium cromoglycate were found to be 209 +/- 22 nmol/l at the end of the drug infusion. This is about one-hundredth of lowest dose required to stabilize mast cells in vitro. We conclude that sodium cromoglycate acted by a mechanism which did not involve mast cells. Other possible modes of action are discussed. PMID- 3917885 TI - Use of the BACTEC system for drug susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, M. kansasii, and M. avium complex. AB - A total of 199 Mycobacterium tuberculosis, 182 M. kansasii, and 32 M. avium complex isolates were tested for susceptibility to either three or 10 color-coded drugs in a four-phase study using the conventional 7H10 plate method and the BACTEC system. Agreement between the two test systems for M. tuberculosis isolates against isoniazid, ethambutol, and rifampin was 96%; it was 93.6% against all 10 drugs. Disagreement was highest for ethionamide and cycloserine. M. kansasii data were encouraging, with 88.9% drug agreement against 10 drugs, but M. avium complex agreement was only 51.6% against 10. Average time required for reportable results was 4.8 days for M. tuberculosis, 4.3 days for M. kansasii, and 3.4 days for M. avium complex. Growth for 3 days in an enrichment medium yielded suspensions of the organisms in a logarithmic growth phase and reduced problems of clumps of cells in inocula. PMID- 3917886 TI - Evaluation of GonoGen coagglutination test for serodiagnosis of Neisseria gonorrhoeae: identification of problem isolates by auxotyping, serotyping, and with a fluorescent antibody reagent. AB - GonoGen (Micro-Media Systems, Potomac, MD) is a commercially available coagglutination test for the identification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. We tested 84 strains of Neisseria spp. and Branhamella catarrhalis, including 50 clinical isolates of N. gonorrhoeae. Eighty-six percent (51/59) of N. gonorrhoeae, including 86% (43/50) of clinical isolates of N. gonorrhoeae, were identified correctly in the GonoGen test. In contrast, all N. gonorrhoeae isolates reacted with a fluorescent antibody research reagent composed of monoclonal antibodies. Both reagents were specific for N. gonorrhoeae. Clinical isolates were classified by auxotyping and were serotyped with research monoclonal antibody reagents in coagglutination tests to characterize problem isolates; two auxotype/serovar classes, prototrophic/IA-4 and proline-requiring/IA-4, accounted for 71% (5/7) of GonoGen-negative clinical isolates. Five of the seven isolates that were missed with the first GonoGen lot we tested did react with a second lot of GonoGen reagent. Investigators from different cities in the U.S. have reported different rates of success with GonoGen. Our results indicate that certain N. gonorrhoeae serovars may account for the difference in performance observed with serological tests. PMID- 3917887 TI - Orthopedic problems in athletes. AB - Physicians and patients must recognize the demands of the sport involved, as well as the individual's ability to meet those demands. Careful analysis of the sport and examination of the patient to assess recovery and chances of reinjury are mandatory, if he is to enjoy sports after injury. Physicians should become familiar with padding, shoes, warm-up programs, preparticipation examinations, and protective equipment and devices, all of which are helpful in preventing sports injuries. We have touched only briefly on the epidemic problem of quality of life trauma that is part of our society. Because injuries result in punishment to the soul as well as to the body of a person, the sports participant deserves a comprehensive, scientific, multidisciplinary approach in order to return to the state of physical and emotional well-being he enjoyed before the injury. For this reason a physician must examine each patient carefully and with regard for the individual's ability to be sure of the diagnosis for subsequent treatment. PMID- 3917888 TI - Distribution of dopa-oxidase isozymes among mosquito vectors of viral encephalitis. AB - Distribution of DOPA-oxidase isozymes in larval Culex pipiens pipiens, Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus and their hybrids was determined by agarose gel electrophoresis. Three zones of enzyme activity were detected in the subspecific and hybrid populations. Zone I was cathodic whereas Zones II and III were anodic. Electrophoretic variability was evident only in Zone II which was dimorphic for enzyme activity. Zones I and III were monomorphic. The subspecific and hybrid populations were distinguishable from one another only in Zone II. In all three populations, melanization was most intense in Zone II, less in Zone I, and least in Zone III. PMID- 3917889 TI - Induction and treatment of metabolic acidosis: a study of pH changes in porcine skeletal muscle and cerebrospinal fluid. AB - Metabolic acidosis was induced in 18 piglets of Swedish native breed by prolonged iv infusion of lactic acid, which decreased both blood and muscle pH. A two- to three-fold increase in muscle lactate content was related to the decrease in muscle pH. Treatment of the induced metabolic acidosis with either sodium bicarbonate or a tris buffer mixture re-established normal or near-normal arterial pH, but PaCO2 remained elevated after sodium bicarbonate infusion. The pH in muscle and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) normalized only in the group treated with the tris buffer mixture. Thus, the tris buffer mixture was more effective than traditional sodium bicarbonate in correcting the acid-base disturbance in the CSF and the muscle intracellular compartment. PMID- 3917891 TI - DRG dilemmas in intensive care. Financial and medical. PMID- 3917890 TI - Effect of chest-tube suction on gas flow through a bronchopleural fistula. AB - Suction applied to a chest-tube drainage system produces subambient pressure within the chest tube and may increase or decrease the flow of gas passing from the airway through a bronchopleural fistula. Such gas may have participated in gas exchange and contain more CO2 and less O2 than inspired gas. Calculated or measured variables dependent upon exhaled CO2 and O2 will be erroneous unless the fistula gas values are considered. A device easily assembled from standard measuring instruments was used to titrate suction, thereby facilitating fistula closure and allowing more accurate physiologic assessment of gas content. PMID- 3917892 TI - Reduction of the single breath CO diffusing capacity in cystic fibrosis. AB - The single breath diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (Dsb) was measured using three equations to describe CO uptake separately during inhalation, breath holding, and exhalation in 24 patients with cystic fibrosis and 30 control subjects with similar age and height distributions. Using the control group, we developed two prediction equations for Dsb: one based on height, age, and sex; and another based on alveolar lung volume (VA) to the 2/3 power. We also developed a prediction for Dsb/VA (Kco) based on height. The Dsb as percent predicted (% pred) using either prediction equation decreased with increasing age and height as well as with decreasing % pred maximal midexpiratory flow rate (FEF25-75) in cystic fibrosis patients but not in controls. The Kco (% pred) also decreased in cystic fibrosis with increasing age and decreasing percent pred FEF25-75. We conclude that in patients with cystic fibrosis, Dsb decreases with variables that relate to increasing disease severity (age, height, and increasing airflow obstruction). PMID- 3917893 TI - Technology under Medicare diagnosis-related groups prospective payment. Implications for medical intensive care. AB - Medicare prospective payment by diagnosis-related groups (DRGs) has intensified the debate over the use and costs of medical technology. In this study, we examine the financial impact of DRG payment for medicare patients receiving medical intensive care. During a one-year period, payment for 446 Medicare patients receiving medical intensive care at a large teaching hospital was calculated to be +4.7 million below costs, representing an average loss per discharge of +10,567. Patients stayed an average of 21.6 days including an average of 5.0 days in the medical intensive-care unit--23 percent of the total stay. Twenty-eight percent of the MICU patients died during hospitalization. For this group, the average payment per discharge was projected to be +21,651 below the average per discharge cost. We conclude that the results send strong financial messages to hospitals providing medical intensive care to severely ill, elderly patients. Further exploration and research must occur to ensure hospital responses will be consistent with public policy expectations. PMID- 3917894 TI - Chelation clinics. PMID- 3917895 TI - Disease due to Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare. PMID- 3917896 TI - Exaggerated response of thyrotropin to thyrotropin-releasing hormone in patients resected for Crohn's ileitis. AB - We have studied the response of thyrotropin to exogenous thyrotropin-releasing hormone in 13 patients who had previous intestinal resection for Crohn's disease, and in 42 healthy controls. An exaggerated and prolonged response curve was found in eight of the patients and one control (P less than 0.01), while baseline hormone levels were normal in all. These results may be related to the state of iodine deficiency known to develop in inflammatory bowel disease, but the pathophysiology requires further elucidation. PMID- 3917897 TI - [Infections caused by intravascular catheters]. AB - Microbiological investigations showed a positive culture in 430 out of 1540 venous catheters and shunts for dialysis. In 21 cases, a mixed culture with two different specific organisms was present. Of the total of 451 isolated organisms, 362 were gram-positive cocci and only 56 gram-negative bacillaceae. Staphylococcus epidermidis was by far the most frequent pathogen (n = 228), staphylococcus aureus in second place (n = 94). Among the gram-negative organisms, germs of the Klebsiella-Enterobacter group and Pseudomonas aeruginosa dominated. Staphylococcus aureus represented 31% of all germs isolated from Scribner shunts and Brescia fistulas. On the other hand the causative organism could be isolated in only 18% of the infected venous catheters. Staphylococcus aureus was the most frequent pathogen in septicemia due to catheters; in 16 out of 24 patients this microorganism was found in both cultures drawn from the blood and from the catheter. In 16 cases, a venous catheter led to septicemia, a shunt for chronical dialysis in 2 cases only. The frequency of infections caused by catheters can be significantly lowered by prudent care of the site of insertion, sterile handling and short indwelling time. PMID- 3917898 TI - [Basic therapy of rheumatoid arthritis with auranofin]. PMID- 3917899 TI - [Carrier systems for drugs--a new principle in drug therapy?]. PMID- 3917900 TI - [Anti-anginal effect of transdermally applied nitroglycerin as dependent on the size of the plaster]. AB - Nitroglycerin plaster (in 5 cm2, 10 cm2 or 20 cm2 sizes) was applied to 12 patients with coronary heart disease, angina and exercise-induced ischemic reactions in the course of a simple-blind trial with intra-individual crossover in a randomized sequence over one week each. A 15 cm2 plaster served as a placebo. In the placebo phase the mean number of angina attacks was 9.3 per week. It decreased to 6.2 with the 10 cm2 plaster (P less than 0.05), to 2.6 per week with the 20 cm2 plaster (P less than 0.001). The ischemia reaction in the exercise ECG (sum of ST segment depressions), recorded on day 7 of the treatment phase, was improved three hours after plaster application, dependent on the size of the plaster: placebo 6.0 +/- 1.2 mm; 5 cm2 plaster 5.1 +/- 1.0 mm; 10 cm2 4.6 +/- 1.0 mm (P less than 0.05); 20 cm2 3.4 +/- 0.9 mm (P less than 0.001). The angina-free period during ergometry showed dose-dependent improvement 3 and 24 hours after application. Arterial blood pressure was decreased only after 20 cm2 plaster by 8% after three hours, as compared with the placebo (P less than 0.05). There was no effect on heart rate, at rest or on exercise, after any plaster. The results indicate that significant decrease in ischemia reaction occurred with a plaster of 10 cm2 or larger. A 24-hour effect was demonstrable only with respect to the duration of symptom-free exercise. PMID- 3917901 TI - [Diagnosis of Crohn disease with 111In-oxine-labeled leukocytes]. PMID- 3917902 TI - Follicular plasminogen activator: involvement in ovulation. AB - Production of plasminogen activator (PA) by granulosa cells (GC) and its stimulation by gonadotropins led to the suggestion that PA is involved in ovulation. However, whereas only LH may be regarded as the ovulation-inducing hormone in the rat, FSH was found to be much more potent than LH in enhancing PA production by GC. Assuming that the entire follicular wall, rather than isolated GC, is involved in follicular rupture, we have examined activity of PA in intact follicles. LH (NIH-LH-S23) was 5-fold more potent than FSH (NIH-FSH-S14), and purified ovine LH and FSH were equally potent in enhancing follicular PA activity. Furthermore, injection into the ovarian bursa of proestrous rats of epsilon-amino-caproic acid and benzamidine (0.05-0.25 mmol), inhibitors of serine proteases, including PA and plasmin, resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of ovulation without causing changes discernible by histological examinations of the ovaries. Whereas steroids did not change basal follicular PA production in culture, addition of estradiol-17 beta [(E2) 1 microgram/ml] but not progesterone or testosterone, further enhanced LH-stimulated PA. Aminoglutethimide phosphate (10(-3) M) and 17 beta-formamidoandrost-4-en-3-one inhibited LH-induced increase in follicular PA and this inhibition was reversed by addition of E2. Intrabursal injection of indomethacin, an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase, and of nordihydroguaiaretic acid, an inhibitor of lipoxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism at doses which effectively blocked ovulation (0.3 mg/bursa) had no effect on PA content of the follicles. Likewise, indomethacin (10 microM) and nordihydroguaiaretic acid (100 microM) did not affect LH-stimulated PA in vitro. In conclusion, LH, the physiological trigger of ovulation is, at least, as potent as FSH in stimulating follicular PA activity. The role of serine proteases, most probably of PA and plasmin, in ovulation is further corroborated by a pharmacological approach. LH stimulation of follicular PA appears to be enhanced by E2 but is not mediated by arachidonic acid metabolites. PMID- 3917904 TI - Evidence of direct thyroid-stimulating action of thyrotropin-releasing hormone by perifusion of rat thyroid fragments. AB - The possibility that TRH has a direct thyroid-stimulating action has never been reported. A number of studies have shown a rise in serum concentrations of thyroid hormone after stimulation with TRH, without a rise in TSH secretion. This has led us to test TRH with rat thyroid fragment perifusion. Significant T4 release was observed for TRH concentrations as low as 1.7 X 10(-11) M. A dose response curve was determined. The response was immediate, reaching a peak after the sixth minute and continuing for 15 min after the stimulation had ceased. This kinetic pattern is different from the one observed with TSH and with theophylline and suggests that a different mechanism may be involved. TRH seems to be capable of directly stimulating both the secretion of the pituitary hormone (TSH) and the corresponding peripheral gland, like LHRH, which also acts directly on the Leydig cells of the testis. PMID- 3917903 TI - Differences in microsomal steroid metabolism between the inner and outer zones of the guinea pig adrenal cortex. AB - Previous investigations established that cells isolated from the outer zone (zona fasciculata + zona glomerulosa) of the guinea pig adrenal cortex produced far more cortisol and androstenedione than those from the inner zone (zona reticularis). Studies were done to determine whether differences in microsomal metabolism might contribute to the zonal differences in steroid secretion. Cytochromes P-450 and b5 concentrations were greater in inner zone microsomes as were the magnitudes of the type I difference spectra produced by progesterone and 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone. Basal NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase activity was greater in the outer zone, but steroid substrates (progesterone, 17 alpha hydroxyprogesterone) increased reductase activity in the inner zone and decreased activity in the outer zone. 21-Hydroxylase activity was far greater in inner than outer zone microsomes, but 17 alpha-hydroxylase activity was greater in the outer zone. As a result, progesterone was converted primarily to 17 alpha hydroxyprogesterone by outer zone microsomes, but 11-deoxycorticosterone was the major metabolite produced by inner zone preparations. In addition, with 17 alpha hydroxyprogesterone as substrate, the major product produced by outer zone microsomes was androstenedione, indicating relatively high C17-20-lyase activity. Inner zone microsomes by contrast, converted 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone primarily to the 21-hydroxylated metabolite, 11-deoxycortisol, with little production of androstenedione. The rate of conversion of pregnenolone to progesterone was also greater with outer than inner zone microsomes. The results suggest that differences in the patterns of microsomal steroid metabolism contribute to the greater secretion of cortisol and androstenedione by adrenocortical outer zone cells than by inner zone cells. PMID- 3917905 TI - Human pancreatic growth hormone (GH)-releasing hormone stimulates GH synthesis and release in infant rats. An in vivo study. AB - Administration of human pancreatic GH-releasing factor 1-40 (hpGRF-40) at doses of 1, 10, 20, 100, and 500 ng/100 g BW sc induced in 10-day-old rats a clear-cut rise in plasma GH 15-min post-injection, although the effect was not dose-related and peak GH levels were already present after the lowest GRF dose. In 25-day-old rats, hpGRF induced only a slight rise in plasma GH at the dose of 500 ng/100 g BW sc, whereas it was completely ineffective at the lower doses. In 5-day-old rats, hpGRF (20 ng/100 g BW sc twice daily), administered for 5 days, induced a marked rise in pituitary GH content and plasma GH levels determined 14 h after the last hpGRF injection. In these rats, at the end of treatment, a challenge hpGRF dose (20 ng/100 g BW) induced a rise in plasma GH significantly higher than in infant rats receiving only the challenge hpGRF dose. These data show that: 1) pituitary responsiveness to hpGRF is strikingly higher in infant than in post weaning rats; 2) in infant rats, subacute administration of hpGRF stimulates GH synthesis and release. PMID- 3917906 TI - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) stimulates biphasic elevation of cytoplasmic free calcium in GH3 cells. Further evidence that TRH mobilizes cellular and extracellular Ca2+. AB - TRH stimulation appears to be coupled to PRL secretion, at least in part, by elevation of the concentration of Ca2+ free in the cytoplasm [( Ca2+]i). We employed an intracellularly trapped fluorescent probe of Ca2+, Quin 2, to measure [Ca2+]i in GH3 cells, cloned rat pituitary tumor cells. Basal [Ca2+]i in GH3 cells incubated in medium containing 1.5 mM Ca2+ was 148 +/- 8.6 nM (mean +/- SE). TRH caused a biphasic elevation of [Ca2+]i to 517 +/- 29 nM at less than 10 sec after TRH addition, followed by a decline towards the resting level over 1.5 min (first phase) and then a sustained elevation to 261 +/- 14 nM (second phase). We attempted to determine whether mobilization of cellular calcium or enhanced influx of extracellular Ca2+, or both, were involved in the elevation of [Ca2+]i during each of the two phases. In all experiments, the elevation of [Ca2+]i stimulated by TRH was compared with that induced by depolarization of the plasma membrane with high extracellular K+, which enhances Ca2+ influx. In medium with 1.5 mM Ca2+, K+-depolarization caused an elevation of [Ca2+]i to 780 +/- 12 nM. When the concentration of Ca2+ in the medium was lowered to 0.1 mM and 0.01 mM, basal [Ca2+]i was lowered to 114 +/- 3.4 and 110 +/- 11 nM, respectively. In medium with 0.1 and 0.01 mM Ca2+, peak K+ depolarization-induced elevation of [Ca2+]i was lowered to 30 +/- 3.9% and 7.3 +/- 2.0% of control, respectively. The peak second phase increase caused by TRH was reduced to 33 +/- 2.8% and 16 +/- 5.6% of control, respectively, whereas the peak first phase elevation of [Ca2+]i was lowered only to 79 +/- 5.5% and 52 +/- 10% of control in medium with 0.1 mM and 0.01 mM Ca2+, respectively. When cells were incubated in medium with 1.5 mM Ca2+ containing the Ca2+-channel blocking agents, nifedipine and verapamil, basal [Ca2+]i was not affected. Nifedipine plus verapamil, each at a maximally effective dose, lowered K+ depolarization-induced elevation of [Ca2+]i to 6.5 +/- 1.0% of control, the peak second phase increase caused by TRH to 28 +/- 4.3% of control, but the peak first phase elevation only to 64 +/- 3.7% of control. The decrease in the first phase response to TRH caused by the channel blockers appeared to be secondary to partial depletion of an intracellular, nonmitochondrial calcium pool.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3917907 TI - Gonadal status influences developmental patterns of serum prolactin in female rhesus monkeys housed outdoors. AB - Although estradiol (E2) is thought to facilitate PRL secretion under certain conditions in female primates, the role of E2 or other ovarian products in the control of PRL secretion during puberty is unknown. The present study examined the influence of gonadal status on serum PRL levels in prepubertal monkeys housed in an outdoor environment. Basal levels of PRL were examined in three groups of spring-born females that were studied from 12 to 28 months of age (May 1982 to September 1983): gonadally intact (INT; n = 8), ovariectomized (OVX; n = 5), and ovariectomized and treated chronically with E2 (E2OVX; n = 5). All groups exhibited a significant annual rhythm in PRL levels with peaks (10-20 ng/ml) at 14 and 26 months (June to July) and a nadir (less than 2 ng/ml) at 19 months (November to December). Basal PRL levels were significantly higher from 12 to 15 months (May to August) in E2OVX subjects, with OVX having significantly greater concentrations than INT females. Group differences were not evident during the period of minimal secretion from 16 to 20 months (September to January). Finally, levels were again significantly higher in both E2OVX and OVX subjects during the subsequent period from 21 to 27 months (February to August). Although serum levels of E2 were lower in INT (30.9 +/- 2.3 pg/ml) than E2OVX females (51.4 +/- 4.0 pg/ml), group differences in PRL could not be attributed to E2 since OVX females, with no measurable levels of E2 (less than 15 pg/ml), had intermediate levels of PRL. These data suggest that during primate maturation serum PRL levels are dampened by some product of the ovary. Furthermore, whether age specific or environmentally mediated, this rhythm indicates an annual alteration in PRL release, with absolute levels enhanced by E2 replacement after ovariectomy, for prepubertal monkeys housed outdoors. In addition, a significant maturational increase in PRL levels was observed only in INT females when serum levels of PRL were compared for the ages 12-16 months to 24-28 months corresponding to the period between May and September for 2 successive years. These changes in PRL were not related to age-dependent changes in serum E2. Acute treatment of both E2OVX and OVX females with a single injection of E2-benzoate at three different ages did not induce any changes in serum PRL.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3917908 TI - Mechanisms subserving insulin's differentiating actions on progestin biosynthesis by ovarian cells: studies with cultured swine granulosa cells. AB - To characterize the nature of insulin action on ovarian cells, an in vitro system of swine granulosa cells was developed in which 3- to 50-fold stimulation of progesterone production was observed in response to insulin under serum-free or sparsely (1%) serum-supplemented conditions. These studies demonstrate that optimal cell density is critical for the full expression of insulin action, and that the dose-dependent responses of granulosa cells to insulin are also significantly influenced by the maturational status of the parent follicle. The striking (greater than 30-fold) responses of medium-sized and healthy preovulatory follicles to insulin were not attributable to the presence or absence of atresia or to a selective inhibition of progesterone's catabolism to 20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone, since 20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone production was also markedly increased in response to insulin. The mechanisms subserving insulin action were explored further by testing the capacity of insulin to 1) increase progesterone accumulation in response to exogenously provided pregnenolone, and 2) stimulate pregnenolone biosynthesis in the presence of trilostane, an inhibitor of pregnenolone metabolism. The effects of insulin were to increase the biosynthesis of progesterone from available pregnenolone and increase the production of pregnenolone from endogenous sterol substrate. The physiological relevance of these differentiative actions of insulin is suggested by insulin's ability to significantly enhance the stimulatory effects of FSH, LH, epinephrine, prostaglandin E2, and cAMP effectors, cholera toxin and 8-bromo-cAMP. In summary, the present studies delineate culture conditions in which swine granulosa cells exhibit a high degree of responsiveness to the stimulatory actions of insulin on progestin biosynthesis. The effects of insulin are critically influenced by cell density, stage of follicle maturation, and the presence or absence of classical ovarian effector hormones with which insulin can interact synergistically. Moreover, our studies indicate that insulin exerts significant actions at several levels of progestin biosynthesis, including the production of pregnenolone, progesterone, and 20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone by granulosa cells. In view of the high concentrations of insulin-like growth factors and somatomedins attained in porcine Graafian follicles, we suggest that trophic actions of insulin or insulin like peptides and the synergism of insulin with classical ovarian effector hormones are likely to be of physiological importance to the differentiation of granulosa cells in the developing ovarian follicle. PMID- 3917909 TI - Direct pituitary effects of testosterone and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone upon follicle-stimulating hormone: analysis by radioimmuno- and radioreceptor assay. AB - The present studies examine the effects of testosterone (T) and LHRH, alone or in combination, on the amount of FSH secreted by pituitary cells in culture. FSH was quantified by RIA and radioreceptor assay (RRA). Half of the cultures were exposed to T for 3 days. The remainder served as controls. Each of these two groups was divided in half and exposed to medium only or LHRH (10(-8) M) for 4 h. Medium was collected from all cultures after 3 days +/- T (medium 1) and after 4 h +/- LHRH (medium 2). After medium 2 collection, cell homogenates were prepared. In a second study, T-treated cell cultures also received 0, 0.5, or 5.0 micrograms/dish tunicamycin for the last 16 h of the 3-day incubation. During the 3 days of culture, the T-treated group secreted greater amounts of immunoactive FSH than controls. However, LHRH-induced FSH release measured by RIA was blunted as a result of T exposure compared with untreated controls. T treatment elevated intracellular immuno-FSH stores. Each sample was quantitated for FSH activity by RRA, and the FSH RRA/RIA was calculated. T and/or LHRH treatment, while eliciting FSH hypersecretion, caused a reduction in the RRA/RIA of secreted FSH. Changes in the RRA/RIA are thought to occur as a result of alterations in the glycosylation of FSH. To test this hypothesis, T-treated cells were exposed to tunicamycin, a drug that reduces the rate of glycosylation of secreted proteins. Exposure of cells to this drug prevented the reduction in the RRA/RIA of secreted FSH caused by T and/or LHRH. FSH secreted from control, T-treated, or T-treated plus tunicamycin-exposed cells was examined by isoelectric focusing. T-Treated cells released a greater proportion of FSH forms with lower isoelectric points (indicative of a greater degree of glycosylation) compared with controls. Tunicamycin exposure reversed T's effect upon the isoelectric profile. These studies demonstrate a direct pituitary action of LHRH and T upon the type of FSH released. During times of hormonally induced increases in the rate of FSH secretion, the pituitary releases FSH forms that are more heavily glycosylated, exhibit a lower isoelectric point, and show a reduced RRA/RIA. FSH secreted after T treatment would be expected to have an increased plasma half-life due to the protective effects of the sugar residues. Thus, the existing hormonal milieu exerts a multidimensional effect upon FSH released by pituitary cells in culture that cannot be appreciated by RIA assessment alone. PMID- 3917910 TI - Direct and indirect inhibition of ovulation in rats by an antagonist of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone. AB - The importance of a central or peripheral site of action in the blockade of ovulation induced by LHRH antagonists was investigated. To determine if hCG could induce ovulation in cycling animals given antiovulatory doses of 10 or 100 micrograms [N-Ac-D-p-Cl-Phe1,D-p-Cl-Phe2,D-Trp3,D-Arg6,D-Ala10] LHRH, the antagonist was injected at 1200 h of proestrus followed by varying doses of hCG at 1600 h. hCG did induce ovulation in animals given the analog, which suggested that the antagonist acted primarily at the hypothalamus-pituitary level to inhibit ovulation; however, 20 IU hCG induced ovulation in all animals given 10 micrograms antagonist, but 40 IU were required for the same effect in animals injected with 100 micrograms. To test whether hormone secretion was differentially affected by the two doses of antagonist, animals were injected with antagonist at 1200 h of proestrus, and groups were killed at 1- or 2-h intervals through 2100 h. Both 10 and 100 micrograms antagonist suppressed serum LH, FSH, progesterone, and estradiol levels to the same degree. Therefore, no differences in these hormones were detected that could account for the increased hCG required to induce ovulation in the 100 micrograms-treated animals. We next examined the ability of the antagonist to inhibit ovulation in animals hypophysectomized at day 24 of age and injected with 25 IU PMSG 7 days later and 30 or 50 IU hCG 48 h after PMSG. When the antagonist was given 4 h before 50 IU hCG, the antagonist did not completely inhibit ovulation even at 100 or 1000 micrograms/rat. When hCG was reduced to 30 IU, 100 micrograms antagonist induced a partial inhibition of ovulation, and 1000 micrograms induced a complete blockade. These results suggest that the LHRH antagonists primarily act centrally to inhibit ovulation, but they make the ovaries less responsive to hCG stimulation and can directly inhibit ovulation at high doses. PMID- 3917911 TI - Chemical mutagenesis testing in Drosophila. II. Results of 20 coded compounds tested for the National Toxicology Program. AB - Results are presented from mutagenesis testing in Drosophila of 20 coded compounds. Two compounds were positive in the sex-linked recessive lethal test, and two were inconclusive. The positive compounds were calcium chromate in adult feeding experiments and ferrocene after adult injection. The two inconclusive compounds were 2,4-diaminophenol dihydrochloride and hexachlorocyclopentadiene. Compounds that produced a positive response were assayed for chromosome breakage using the conventional translocation test. Calcium chromate was negative in the translocation test, and ferrocene was positive. Many of the test compounds were poorly soluble in water, raising questions regarding the effective concentration to which the flies were exposed. PMID- 3917912 TI - Heavy metal toxicity to microbe-mediated ecologic processes: a review and potential application to regulatory policies. AB - Microorganisms are sensitive to heavy metal pollution as are other components of the biota. However, most studies on the interactions between microbes and heavy metals have been conducted in synthetic media or in altered (e.g., sterilized) environmental samples and usually have used only single species. Few studies have evaluated the effects of heavy metals on the activities of natural heterogeneous microbial populations, both autotrophic and heterotrophic, in terrestrial and aquatic environments. These latter studies have shown that heavy metals inhibit primary productivity, nitrogen fixation, the mineralization of carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus, litter decomposition, and enzyme synthesis and activity in soils, sediments, and surface waters. The potential adverse effects of heavy metals on such microbe-mediated ecologic processes need to be incorporated into the methodologies used by regulatory agencies, such as the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, to prepare environmental risk assessments which, in turn, are used to formulate environmental criteria, such as the Water Quality Criteria, and to evaluate the safety to the environment of exposure to "new chemical substances," as mandated by the U.S. Toxic Substances Control Act of 1976. To provide appropriate data that can be assimilated into regulatory policy, it is essential that microbial ecotoxicity tests be standardized, are neither costly nor difficult to train personnel to conduct, and produce data that can be quantitated. PMID- 3917913 TI - Physical aspects of the inhibition of enzymes by hydrocarbons: the inhibition of alpha-chymotrypsin by chlorinated aromatics and alkanes. AB - The inhibition of alpha-chymotrypsin by a series of chlorinated hydrocarbons, including polychlorinated biphenyls, has been studied. The solubility of the hydrocarbons was determined by autocorrelation analysis of light scattering. Kinetic analysis indicated that inhibition of the enzyme occurs when 1-2 molecules of inhibitor bind per molecule of enzyme. Chlorinated aromatics including polychlorinated biphenyls were more potent than monochloroalkanes in inhibition of the enzyme. Considerable inhibition was seen when some compounds were present as micelles. Molar volume correlations suggest that chlorinated hydrocarbons exert effects on soluble enzymes similar to their effects on membrane-bound enzymes, and that a membrane lipid phase is not essential for this type of inhibition. PMID- 3917914 TI - Investigations on the mutagenicity of two organomercurial pesticides, Ceresan and Agallol 3, in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Two organomercurial fungicides, Ceresan containing phenyl mercury acetate and Agallol 3 containing methoxyethyl mercury chloride, were investigated for their mutagenicity in Drosophila melanogaster. The fungicides, administered by both larval and adult feeding techniques, were evaluated for their efficacy in inducing dominant lethals, sex-linked recessive lethals, and II-III translocations in the male germ cells. Both fungicides failed to induce significant dominant lethals, sex-linked recessive lethals, and II-III translocations when administered in the larval diet (P greater than 0.05). But Ceresan in the adult diet brought about a significant increase in the frequency of sex-linked recessive lethals (P less than 0.05). Broodwise analysis revealed that spermatids and spermatocytes were more sensitive than others to all the concentrations of Ceresan and Agallol 3 used. The mutagenic implications of such fungicides in the human environment are discussed. PMID- 3917915 TI - 4-Aminobutyrate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase of Streptomyces griseus: purification and properties. AB - 4-Aminobutyrate: 2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase of Streptomyces griseus was purified to homogeneity on disc electrophoresis. The relative molecular mass of the enzyme was found to be 100 000 +/- 10 000 by a gel filtration method. The enzyme consists of two subunits identical in molecular mass (Mr 50 000 +/- 1000). The transaminase is composed of 486 amino acids/subunit containing 10 and 12 residues of half-cystine and methionine respectively. The NH2-terminal amino acid sequence of the enzyme was determined to be Thr-Ala-Phe-Pro-Gln. The enzyme exhibits absorption maxima at 278 nm, 340 nm and 415 nm with a molar absorption coefficient of 104 000, 11 400 and 7280 M-1 cm-1 respectively. The pyridoxal 5' phosphate content was calculated to be 2 mol/mol enzyme. The enzyme has a maximum activity in the pH range of 7.5-8.5 and at 50 degrees C. The enzyme is stable at pH 6.0-10.0 and at temperatures up to 50 degrees C. Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate protects the enzyme from thermal inactivation. The enzyme catalyzes the transamination of omega-amino acids with 2-oxoglutarate; 4-aminobutyrate is the best amino donor. The Michaelis constants are 3.3 mM for 4-aminobutyrate and 8.3 mM for 2-oxoglutarate. Low activity was observed with beta-alanine. In addition to omega-amino acids the enzyme catalyzes transamination with ornithine and lysine; in both cases the D isomer is preferred. Carbonyl reagents and sulfhydryl reagents inhibit the enzyme activity. Chelating agents, non-substrate L and D-2 amino acids, and metal ions except cupric ion showed no effect on the enzyme activity. PMID- 3917916 TI - Formation of carbon monoxide from CO2 and H2 by Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum. AB - Cell suspensions of Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum were found to reduce CO2 with H2 to CO at a maximal rate of 100 nmol X min-1 X mg protein-1. Half-maximal rates were obtained at a H2 and a CO2 concentration in the gas phase of 10% and 30%, respectively. The CO concentration in the gas phase surpassed the equilibrium concentration by a factor of more than 15 which indicates that CO2 reduction with H2 to CO was energy-driven. This was substantiated by the observation that the cells only formed CO when they also generated methane and that CO formation was completely inhibited by uncouplers. CO formation by cell suspensions and by growing cells was inhibited by cyanide. Neither methane formation nor the electrochemical proton potential were affected by this inhibitor. Cyanide was shown to inactivate specifically the carbon monoxide dehydrogenase present in M. thermoautotrophicum. It is therefore concluded that reduction of CO2 to CO is catalyzed by this enzyme. CO production by growing cells was 5-10-times slower than by resting cells. This is explained by effective CO assimilation in growing cells; when CO assimilation was inhibited by propyl iodide the rate of CO production immediately increased more than tenfold. PMID- 3917917 TI - Expression in mammalian cells of the diaminopimelic acid decarboxylase of Escherichia coli permits cell growth in lysine-free medium. AB - The lysA gene of Escherichia coli encodes for a diaminopimelic acid decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.20) which allows the conversion of diaminopimelic acid into lysine in bacteria. It has been cloned in an eukaryotic expression vector containing upstream the SV40 early promoting sequence, and downstream mouse alpha-globin maturating sequences. The recombinant plasmid pSB99 (4800 base pairs) has been introduced into several mammalian cell lines by cotransfection with a second selectable marker i.e. the polyoma-transforming DNA. Selection for morphologically transformed rat cells which contained the intact lysA sequences, allowed the determination of the concentration of diaminopimelic acid in the lysine-free medium that permitted cell growth. lysA-expressing clones were directly selected in a medium containing 10 mM diaminopimelic acid, after transfection with pSB99 alone. Southern blot analysis on selected clones have shown that they contain up to 30-50 integrated copies of the plasmid in tandem arrangement. Finally, we demonstrated that lysA-expressing clones incorporate a significant amount of radiolabelled [3H]diaminopimelic acid in acid-insoluble material. The recombinant plasmid can serve as a selectable marker, in growth medium in which lysine was replaced by its direct bacterial precursor. PMID- 3917918 TI - Kinetics of activation of L-lactate dehydrogenase from Streptococcus lactis by fructose 1,6-bisphosphate. AB - A lag is observed before the steady state during pyruvate reduction catalysed by lactate dehydrogenase from Streptococcus lactis. The lag is abolished by preincubation of enzyme with the activator fructose 1,6-bisphosphate before mixing with the substrates. The rate constants for the lag phase showed a linear dependence on fructose-1,6-bisphosphate concentration, with a second-order rate constant of 2.0 X 10(4) M-1 s-1, but were independent of enzyme concentration. Binding of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate produces a decrease in the protein fluorescence of the enzyme. The second-order rate constant for the fluorescence change is twice that for the lag in pyruvate reduction. The results suggest that binding of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate induces a conformational change in the enzyme, producing a form with reduced protein fluorescence and increased activity towards pyruvate reduction. PMID- 3917919 TI - Time course of polynucleosome relaxation and ADP-ribosylation. Correlation between relaxation and histone H1 hyper-ADP-ribosylation. AB - Isolated rat pancreatic polynucleosomes were poly(ADP-ribosylated) with purified calf thymus poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. A time course study was performed using an NAD concentration of 200 microM and changes in nucleosomal structure were investigated by means of electron microscopy visualization and sedimentation velocity determinations. In parallel, analyses of histone H1 poly(ADP ribosylation) and determinations of DNA polymerase alpha activity on ADP ribosylated polynucleosomes were done at different time intervals. A direct kinetic correlation between ADP-ribose incorporation, polynucleosome relaxation amd histone H1 hyper-ADP-ribosylation was established. In addition, DNA polymerase alpha activity was highly stimulated on ADP-ribosylated polynucleosomes as compared to control ones, suggesting increased accessibility of DNA to enzymatic action. Because of the strong evidence implicating histone H1 in the maintenance of higher-ordered chromatin structures, the present study may provide a basis for the interpretation of the involvement of the histone H1 ADP ribosylation reaction in DNA rearrangements during DNA repair, replication or gene expression. PMID- 3917921 TI - Mechanisms of activation and secretion of a cell-associated precursor of an exocellular protease of Pseudomonas aeruginosa 34362A. AB - An inactive precursor to the active exocellular protease 1 of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is cell-associated and located primarily in the periplasmic space. We have studied factors that bring about activation of the precursor in vitro in order to shed some light on the process of its activation and secretion in vivo. A variety of diverse procedures were shown to effect irreversible activation. Several mild non-enzymatic procedures were effective, such as dialysis of an ammonium sulfate precipitate against neutral buffers, gel filtration (Sephadex G 100), and ion-exchange chromatography (DEAE-cellulose). Activation also resulted following treatment with anionic detergents (sodium dodecyl sulfate, N-lauroyl sarcosine) and deoxycholate. Limited exposure to any of several proteases with different specificities also resulted in activation. The kinetics of detergent catalyzed activation reveals a long lag followed by rapid activation, suggesting at least a two-stage process. The precursor and the mature protease 1 have indistinguishable molecular masses (33 kDa), as measured by sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of these proteins purified by immunoabsorbance chromatography under denaturing conditions. Further, both precursor and protease have identical N-terminal alanine. Our results suggest that it is improbable that activation is the result of proteolytic processing of the precursor itself, but rather that it may involve the removal of a non covalently associated inhibitor molecule. Hydrophobic interaction chromatography on octyl-Sepharose revealed that activation was accompanied by a significant change in the hydrophobicity, pointing to a significant change in the conformation of the precursor and the mature protease. A mutant has been studied which accumulates activatable precursor in the periplasm but releases no active enzyme into the culture medium, supporting the hypothesis that secretion through the inner and outer membranes proceed by different mechanisms. Comparison of outer membranes of protease-secreting strains (34362A and PAKS 1) and a protease negative mutant (PAKS 18) which accumulates precursor has shown that there is a change in the outer membrane protein profile in the latter. PMID- 3917920 TI - Resolution by high-pressure liquid chromatography and partial characterization of multiple forms of cytochrome P-450 from hepatic microsomes of phenobarbital treated rats. AB - Seven cytochromes P-450 (A, B, C, D, E1, E2 and F) were isolated from hepatic microsomes of phenobarbital-induced rats by a modification of the procedure of Guengerich and Martin [Arch. Biochem. Biophys. (1980) 205, 365-379]. The modification consisted of replacing DEAE-cellulose column by two DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B columns connected in tandem, changing the elution scheme and monitoring the resulting fractions by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Cytochrome P 450 forms D, E1, E2 and F having molecular masses of 52.5 kDa, 52.5 kDa, 53.3 kDa and 53.2 kDa, respectively were resolved from the major form of cytochrome P-450 'peak B2' of Guengerich and Martin (above reference). These four cytochromes P 450 were immunologically identical by Ouchterlony double-diffusion analysis. Slight but significant differences were evident in the partial peptide digest maps of these four cytochromes P-450 and catalytic properties of these four forms, though qualitatively similar, demonstrated distinct quantitative differences. Furthermore, HPLC retention times of these four cytochrome P-450s were quite different. Cytochrome P-450 forms A, B and C were distinctly different from each other and from the forms D, E1, E2 and F in the following respects: partial peptide digest maps, catalytic activities, and HPLC retention times. The present results show that cytochromes P-450 considered homogeneous by sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis may be heterogeneous and contain multiple forms of cytochromes P-450 with different net charges but similar molecular-masses. These studies also demonstrate the capability of HPLC in providing a simple and effective tool for monitoring the separation of cytochromes P-450 showing charge heterogeneity. PMID- 3917922 TI - The NADP+-binding site of ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase. Sequence of the peptide containing the essential lysine residue. AB - The flavoprotein ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase is inactivated and loses its ability to bind NADP+ during covalent modification of a lysine by 5 dimethylaminonaphthalene-1-sulfonyl chloride (dansyl chloride) [Zanetti, G. (1976) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 445, 14-24]. The substrate NADP+ gives almost complete protection against inactivation and modification. These observations are extended in this report by the characterization of an octapeptide containing the dansyl-lysine which was isolated by high-performance liquid chromatography from tryptic digests of protein modified with radiolabeled reagent. The amount of this peptide was severely reduced in protein modified in the presence of NADP+. The sequence of the dansyl-peptide, only partially obtained by Edman degradation, was completed by analysis of the fragments resulting from thermolysin digestion of the purified tryptic dansyl-peptide. Thus, the octapeptide containing the essential lysine residue has the following sequence: H2N-Ser-Val-Ser-Leu-Cys-Val Lys-Arg-COOH. A comparison with corresponding sequences of other known NADP+ dependent dehydrogenases is attempted. PMID- 3917923 TI - The cellulase of Trichoderma viride. Purification, characterization and comparison of all detectable endoglucanases, exoglucanases and beta-glucosidases. AB - Six endoglucanases (Endo I; II; III; IV; V; VI), three exoglucanases (Exo I; II; III) and a beta-glucosidase (beta-gluc I) were isolated from a commercial cellulase preparation derived from Trichoderma viride, using gel filtration on Bio-Gel, anion exchange on DEAE-Bio-Gel A, cation exchange on SE-Sephadex and affinity chromatography on crystalline cellulose. Molecular masses were determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. One group of endoglucanases (Endo I, Endo II and Endo IV) with Mr of 50 000, 45 000 and 23 500 were more random in their attack on carboxymethylcellulose than another group (Endo III, Endo V and Endo VI) showing Mr of 58 000, 57 000 and 53 000 respectively. Endo III was identified as a new type of endoglucanase with relatively high activity on crystalline cellulose and moderate activity on carboxymethylcellulose. Exo II and Exo III with Mr of 60 500 and 62 000 respectively showed distinct adsorption affinities on a column of crystalline cellulose and could be eluted by a pH gradient to alkaline regions. These enzymes were cellobiohydrolases as judged by high-pressure liquid chromatography of the products obtained from incubation with H3PO4-swollen cellulose. It was concluded that these exoglucanases are primarily active on newly generated chain ends. Exo I was essentially another type of exoglucanase which in the first instance was able to split off a cellobiose molecule from a chain end and then hydrolyse this molecule in a second step to two glucose units beta-Gluc I was a new type of aryl-beta-D-glucosidase which had no activity on cellobiose. The enzyme had a Mr of 76 000 and was moderately active on CM-cellulose, crystalline cellulose and xylan and highly active on p nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucose and p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-xylose. PMID- 3917924 TI - Activation of macrophage tumor cytotoxicity by the synergism of two T cell derived lymphokines: immune interferon (IFN-gamma) and macrophage cytotoxicity inducing factor 2 (MCIF2). AB - This report describes the role of T cell-derived lymphokines in induction of macrophage (M phi) tumor cytotoxicity. M phi tumor cytotoxicity was tested with the murine M phi-like tumor PU5-1.8. This M phi-like tumor reacts to stimulation with T cell-derived lymphokines and shows tumor cytotoxicity comparable to resident peritoneal M phi. The experiments demonstrate that immune interferon (IFN-gamma) secreted by T cell clones in limiting dilution microcultures was insufficient to induce M phi tumor cytotoxicity. Induction of M phi tumor cytotoxicity by T cell-derived supernatants with quantities of IFN-gamma undetectable in the IFN assay, however, was completely inhibited by an antiserum raised against recombinant IFN-gamma. Taken together, these results could be thus explained: (a) a T cell-derived lymphokine distinct from but serologically cross reactive with IFN-gamma induces M phi tumor cytotoxicity, and (b) IFN-gamma activity in supernatants positive for induction of M phi tumor cytotoxicity escapes detection in the IFN assay but can still be inhibited by the anti-IFN gamma antiserum in the M phi tumor cytotoxicity assay. The latter explanation requires positive evidence for another T cell-derived lymphokine inducing M phi tumor cytotoxicity together with IFN-gamma. This lymphokine was found in the supernatant of T cells in limiting dilution cultures and a long-term T cell clone and was called M phi cytotoxicity-inducing factor 2 (MCIF2). MCIF2 synergizes with IFN-gamma in induction of M phi tumor cytotoxicity; IFN-gamma and MCIF2 alone were ineffective. PMID- 3917925 TI - The regulatory locus r lambda 1 affects the level of lambda 1 light chain synthesis in lipopolysaccharide-activated lymphocytes but not the frequency of lambda 1-positive B cell precursors. AB - Several strains of mice, most notably the SJL strain, have a greatly reduced level of circulating lambda 1 immunoglobulins (r lambda 1 lo phenotype) compared with other mice. The locus responsible for this phenotype has been shown to be closely linked to the structural C lambda 1 gene. Functionally this locus has been said to reduce the number of lymphocytes expressing surface lambda 1 molecules. In order to gain a better understanding of this phenomenon we compared the functional properties of activated B cells secreting lambda 1 immunoglobulins in the splenocytes of both BALB/c and SJL mice. Our results indicate that regulatory T cells, as well as regulatory ontogenetic processes, are not responsible for the r lambda 1 lo phenotype. In addition, limiting dilution analyses revealed that the number of lipopolysaccharide-sensitive precursors of lambda 1-secreting B cells was similar in the splenocytes of the two strains of mice tested. The quantity of lambda 1 molecules produced by a B cell clone, however, was found to be lower in SJL than in BALB/c mice. As the level of lambda 1 mRNA is greatly reduced in lipopolysaccharide blasts of SJL mice, as compared to the mRNA detected in BALB/c blasts, we conclude that the impairment responsible for the r lambda 1lo phenotype is probably transcriptional. We tentatively propose that sequences 5' to the C lambda 1 region are defective in their capacity to enhance the lambda 1 transcripts in SJL mice. PMID- 3917926 TI - Significant non-S-phase DNA synthesis visualized by flow cytometry in activated and in malignant human lymphoid cells. AB - The development of a monoclonal antibody to the deoxynucleoside bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), combined with two parameter flow cytometry, has allowed us to examine large numbers of cells for non-S-phase DNA synthesis. Three human lymphoid cell populations were studied to determine the level of deoxynucleoside (dN) incorporation as a function of DNA content. In each population, non-S-phase DNA synthesis was observed. In a rapidly growing human T-lymphoblastoid cell line (CCRF-CEM), 53% of dN incorporation occurred in G0/G1 plus G2 + M. In chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells stimulated with tetradecanoylphorbol acetate (TPA), 45% of the observed burst in thymidine incorporation was found to be localized to G0/G1 cells. Non-S-phase incorporation was not, however, limited to neoplastic cells. Normal human peripheral blood B cells treated with the Cowan strain of Staphylococcus aureus (CSA) undergo a transient burst in thymidine incorporation, but do not go on to divide in the absence of other stimuli. Flow cytometric analysis showed that 80% of this CSA-stimulated dN incorporation was into G0/G1 cells. These data are consistent with a more dynamic state of DNA synthesis than usually envisioned. Furthermore, the data show that although thymidine incorporation levels are related to incorporation of dN into DNA, they can be unrelated to cell proliferation. PMID- 3917927 TI - Collagenous substrata regulate the nature and distribution of glycosaminoglycans produced by differentiated cultures of mouse mammary epithelial cells. AB - We have investigated the influence of culture substrata upon glycosaminoglycans produced in primary cultures of mouse mammary epithelial cells isolated from the glands of late pregnant mice. Three substrata have been used for experiments: tissue culture plastic, collagen (type I) gels attached to culture dishes, and collagen (type I) gels that have been floated in the culture medium after cell attachment. These latter gels contract significantly. Cells cultured on all three substrata produce hyaluronic acid, heparan sulfate, chondroitin sulfates and dermatan sulfate but the relative quantities accumulated and their distribution among cellular and extracellular compartments differ according to the nature of the culture substratum. Notably most of the glycosaminoglycans accumulated by cells on plastic are secreted into the culture medium, while cells on floating gels incorporate almost all their glycosaminoglycans into an extracellular matrix fraction. Cells on attached collagen gels secrete approx. 30% of their glycosaminoglycans and assemble most of the remainder into an extracellular matrix. Hyaluronic acid is produced in significant quantities by cells on plastic and attached gels but in relatively reduced quantity by cells on floating gels. In contrast, iduronyl-rich dermatan sulfate is accumulated by cells on floating gels, where it is primarily associated with the extracellular matrix fraction, but is proportionally reduced in cells on plastic and attached gels. The results are discussed in terms of polarized assembly of a morphologically distinct basal lamina, a process that occurs primarily when cells are on floating gels. In addition, as these cultures secrete certain milk proteins only when cultured on floating gels, we discuss the possibility that cell synthesized glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans may play a role in the maintenance of a differentiated phenotype. PMID- 3917928 TI - Efficacy of phenytoin, procainamide, and tocainide in murine genetic myotonia. AB - A newly described single locus mutation in the mouse, myotonia (mto), features classical myotonia with autosomal recessive inheritance. Phenytoin, procainamide, and tocainide (drugs considered effective in the human myotonias) produced dose dependent improvement in the behavioral myotonia of mto homozygotes. PMID- 3917929 TI - Schistosoma mansoni: eicosanoid production by cercariae. AB - Cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni are stimulated to penetrate skin by certain free fatty acids. The cercariae have an active arachidonate cascade, presumably using host skin essential fatty acids as cascade precursors. Exposing cercariae to 3.3 mM linoleate for 1, 10, and 60 min resulted in production of a wide variety of eicosanoids. Using high-performance liquid chromatography, eicosanoids coeluting with prostaglandin E2, D2, and A2, leukotriene B4, and 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid standards were identified, as well as unidentified peak positions. Radioimmunoassay confirmed the presence of immunoreactive prostaglandin E1, and E2, and 5- and 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids in cercarial extracts. No eicosanoid production occurred when cercariae were exposed to 3.3 mM oleate and 1 or 330 microM linoleate. Both high-performance liquid chromatography and radioimmunoassay data indicated that cercariae regulate the production of eicosanoids through time. It is postulated that arachidonate metabolism and subsequent eicosanoid production are required for successful cercarial penetration. PMID- 3917930 TI - Tuftsin stimulates thyrotropin secretion in rats. AB - Tuftsin acts at the hypothalamus level to stimulate thyrotropin-releasing hormone and thyrotropin secretion in rats. PMID- 3917931 TI - Intraocular 6-hydroxydopamine prevents the persistent estrus induced by continuous light. AB - Following the intraocular injection of 6-hydroxydopamine, which can destroy the retinal dopaminergic neurons, female rats showed a normal estrous cycle in LD 12:12 but not a persistent estrus in continuous light. PMID- 3917933 TI - Proliferation, morphology, and low-density lipoprotein metabolism of arterial endothelial cells cultured from normal and diabetic minipigs. AB - Aortic endothelial cells from control and streptozotocin diabetic minipigs were cultured. Both groups of cells exhibited the typical cobblestone-like appearance and gap junction formation. Endothelial cells derived from diabetic minipigs differed, however, from those from control animals by a higher rate of proliferation and a higher percentage of large and often multinucleated cells. In these cells the specific binding of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) to coated pits on the cell surface, the LDL uptake, and the intracellular transport of LDL to lysosomes were visualized by gold-labeled LDL complexes. The binding, internalization, and degradation of LDL by subconfluent, non-contact-inhibited endothelial cells was quantified using 125I-labeled LDL. The LDL metabolism of endothelial cells derived from diabetic animals was increased by about 40% compared to endothelial cells derived from nondiabetic animals. PMID- 3917934 TI - Partial purification of a factor from human synovium that possesses interleukin 1, chondrocyte stimulating and catabolin-like activities. AB - Human synovial explants in culture release material that stimulates the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and several extracellular enzymes by human chondrocytes. Fractionation of conditioned medium by gel filtration revealed a protein of approx. 15 kDa, which in addition to stimulating production of PGE2 and plasminogen activator by human articular chondrocytes, possessed interleukin 1 activity and induced cartilage degradation. Further purification using iso electric focussing again showed co-elution of these activities with a major pI of 6.9 and a minor pI of 5.1-5.3. This study indicated that human synovium releases a factor that is closely related to or identical with interleukin 1 and suggests that this protein may participate in cellular interactions that occur within the rheumatoid joint. PMID- 3917932 TI - Differential binding of conA and WGA on the cell surface, the role of sialic acid in their expression and the increased activity of sialidase after cis-Platin treatment. AB - It is reported that concanavalin A (conA) and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) have a differential binding pattern on normal mouse spleen lymphocytes and the surface of Dalton's lymphoma cells. It is suggested that sialic acid on the cell surface controls the expression of lectin binding sites. Further, it has been observed that the increased release of sialic acid from cell surfaces after cis dichlorodiammine platinum (II) (cis-Platin) treatment is due to the increased activity of sialidase. PMID- 3917936 TI - The effect of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonate on mercuric reductase, glutathione reductase and lipoamide dehydrogenase. AB - Among the three closely related enzymes, lipoamide dehydrogenase, mercuric reductase, and glutathione reductase only the latter is inhibited by 2,4,6 trinitrobenzenesulfonate (TNBS). On the other hand, all three enzymes exhibit high rates of TNBS-dependent NADPH oxidation. In the case of glutathione reductase and mercuric reductase this TNBS-dependent activity displays substrate inhibition by excess of NADPH and is strongly stimulated by NADP+. The stimulation is especially pronounced with mercuric reductase, 25-fold under some conditions. Neither substrate inhibition nor stimulation by NAD+ is observed with lipoamide dehydrogenase. PMID- 3917937 TI - Immune interferon inhibits collagen synthesis by rheumatoid synovial cells associated with decreased levels of the procollagen mRNAs. AB - Recombinant immune interferon, (interferon-gamma, IFN-gamma) inhibits types I and III collagen synthesis by rheumatoid synovial fibroblast-like cells in culture. This decrease is associated with a decrease in the levels of types I and III procollagen mRNAs in these cells as measured by dot blot hybridization. In the control synovial cells the level of alpha 2(I) mRNA is disproportionately high compared with that of alpha 1(I) or alpha 1(III) mRNA, and IFN-gamma suppresses the level of alpha 1(I) and alpha 1(III) mRNA to a greater extent than that of alpha 2(I) mRNA. The lymphokine, IFN-gamma, may thus have a role in the regulation of collagen synthesis in inflammatory joint disease and other conditions. PMID- 3917935 TI - An abundant ubiquitous glycoprotein (GP100) in nucleated mammalian cells. AB - Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis with the 125I-Con A overlay and affinity purification with Con A-agarose revealed the presence of an abundant ubiquitous 100-kDa glycoprotein (GP100) in nucleated mammalin cells. The amount in cultured human and murine cells varies from 3 to 20 X 10(6) molecules per cell making GP100 the most abundant glycoprotein in nucleated cells. Peptide mapping shows that it is different from erythrocyte Band III protein. Several properties of GP100 suggest that it could play a structural role in nucleated cell membranes. PMID- 3917938 TI - Diacylglycerol lipase activity in human platelet intracellular and surface membranes. Some kinetic properties and fatty acid specificity. AB - Diacyl glycerol lipase activity has been examined of intracellular and surface membranes isolated from human blood platelets by free flow electrophoresis. Enzyme activity is present on both membranes but is activated at different substrate concentrations (Km 14 microM and 140 microM for intracellular and surface membrane, respectively). Both enzyme activities are stimulated by EGTA and GSH, and inhibited by added Ca2+. The specificity of the intracellular membrane enzyme has been investigated using a range of diacylglycerol substrates differing only in their '2' position fatty acid. Arachidonic acid is clearly the preferred '2' position moiety with activities towards eicosatrienoic, linoleic, oleic and palmitic acid-containing substrates, all substantially lower. PMID- 3917939 TI - Evidence that adrenaline activates key oxidative enzymes in rat liver by increasing intramitochondrial [Ca2+]. AB - The effects of intramitochondrial Ca2+ on the activities of the Ca2+-sensitive intramitochondrial enzymes, (i) pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) phosphate phosphatase, and (ii) oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (OGDH), were investigated in intact rat liver mitochondria by measuring (i) the amount of active PDH (PDHa) and (ii) the rate of decarboxylation of alpha-[l-14C]oxoglutarate (at non saturating [oxoglutarate]), at different concentrations of extramitochondrial Ca2+. In the presence of Na+ and Mg2+, both PDH and OGDH could be activated by increases in extramitochondrial [Ca2+] within the expected physiological range (0.05-5 microM). When liver mitochondria were prepared from rats treated with adrenaline, and then incubated in Na-free media containing EGTA, both PDH and OGDH activities were found to be enhanced. Evidence is presented that the activation of these enzymes by adrenaline is brought about by a mechanism involving increases in intramitochondrial [Ca2+]. PMID- 3917940 TI - Arachidonate cyclooxygenase metabolites as mediators of complement-initiated lung injury. AB - The pulmonary effects of intravascular complement activation can be divided into those that are initial events of activation and those that depend on the duration of intravascular activation. Pulmonary leukostasis is both an initial event and one that persists as long as intravascular complement activation is ongoing. This event is independent of synthesis and release of cyclooxygenase products of arachidonic acid. Initial events include synthesis and release of thromboxane and development of pulmonary hypertension and hypoxemia. Cyclooxygenase products are mediators of these initial pathophysiological events in part or in total. Complement-initiated increases in lung microvascular permeability are dependent on the duration of intravascular complement activation. Activation must be either prolonged or repeated to produce significant microvascular injury. This process is unrelated to synthesis and release of cyclooxygenase products, but is related to release of toxic oxygen metabolites. PMID- 3917941 TI - Corticotropin-releasing factor: central action to influence gastric secretion. AB - Ovine or rat corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) injected intracisternally (0.1 2.1 nmol) equipotently inhibited gastric acid secretion in pylorus-ligated rats. CRF given intracisternally in rats or into the third ventricle in dogs suppressed gastric secretion stimulated by thyrotropin-releasing factor, 2-deoxy-D-glucose, or pentagastrin, whereas the gastric response to histamine was unmodified. Microinfusion of CRF in the the paraventricular nucleus or the ventromedial or lateral hypothalamus suppressed gastric acid concentration and increased the volume of gastric secretion. CRF delivered to the caudate putamen nucleus or the frontal cortex had no effect. Vagotomy, adrenalectomy, cervical cord transection, and ganglionic blockade reversed the inhibitory effect of CRF on gastric acid secretion. In rats, peptide action appears to be independent of prostaglandin pathways or changes in blood levels of gastrin and pituitary-derived substances. In dogs, the release of opioid peptides and vasopressin induced by CRF may contribute in part to mediating the gastric response. These results demonstrate that CRF injected into the cerebrospinal fluid suppressed gastric acid secretion in rats and dogs. The action of CRF appears to be mediated through modulation of the autonomic nervous system. PMID- 3917942 TI - Opioids and neuropeptides: mechanisms in circulatory shock. AB - Endogenous opioid systems are activated in stressful situations such as circulatory shock. The opiate antagonist naloxone improves cardiovascular function in several models of shock caused by endotoxemia, hypovolemia, anaphylaxis, and spinal trauma. The ergotropic neuropeptide, thyrotropin releasing hormone, in supraphysiological doses, also improves cardiovascular function in these shock models, but this effect does not result from action at the opiate receptor. For both these agents a central nervous system (CNS) site of action has been partially characterized. A variety of neuropeptides, including the opioids, seem capable of modulating autonomic function through their CNS actions. In addition, they may play a role in peripheral integration and transmission of autonomic nervous activity by actions at the ganglia and/or at nerve endings. Some neuropeptides also have direct autacoid effects on cells, including those of the microvasculature. This raises new questions concerning possible peripheral functions of neuropeptides during circulatory shock, and the nature of their interactions with other potential shock mediators such as monokines and arachidonic acid derivatives. PMID- 3917943 TI - Synthesis and structure of proteoglycan core protein. AB - Studies of the structure and synthesis of cartilage proteoglycan core protein have been carried out. Deglycosylation of completed, secreted proteoglycan by HF pyridine treatment yielded an intact homogeneous core protein of approximately 210,000 daltons, with a blocked amino-terminus. Greater than 95% of chondroitin sulfate chains and 80% of N- and O-linked oligosaccharides were removed by the procedure, which made the product an excellent xylosyltransferase acceptor. Little alteration of core protein structure occurred during the HF-pyridine treatment as shown by complete immunoreactivity with antiserums prepared against hyaluronidase-digested proteoglycan. In other studies, the initially synthesized precursor for proteoglycan core protein was found to be approximately 376,000 daltons and localized to the rough membrane fractions. This precursor already contained N-linked oligosaccharides, and was also able to accept xylose, thereby initiating chondroitin sulfate chains. The precursor was translocated intact in an energy-dependent manner to smooth membrane-Golgi fractions where further processing of high mannose type of oligosaccharides and addition of glycosaminoglycan chains occurred. The subcellular distribution pattern of the chondroitin sulfate-synthesizing enzymes corroborated the proposed topological modifications of the proteoglycan core protein precursor. PMID- 3917944 TI - Mechanisms of chain initiation in the biosynthesis of connective tissue polysaccharides. AB - Carbohydrate-protein linkages of three types are found in the connective tissue proteoglycans; these linkages involve the following monosaccharide-amino acid pairs: xylose-serine; N-acetylglucosamine-asparagine; and N-acetylgalactosamine threonine (or serine). The biosynthesis of carbohydrate groups containing linkages of the latter two types presumably occurs by the same pathways that have been well established for many glycoproteins, but details of these processes as they pertain to proteoglycans are not yet known. Initiation of polysaccharide chains linked by the xylose-serine linkage takes place by direct transfer of xylose from UDP-xylose to the hydroxyl groups of specific serine residues in the core proteins of the respective proteoglycans, and the xylosyltransferase catalyzing these reactions has been detected in the rough endoplasmic reticulum of embryonic chick chondrocytes. Although the completed or nascent core proteins are the natural substrates for xylose transfer in the intracellular assembly of proteoglycans, a survey of potential exogenous substrates has shown that small peptides containing alternating serine and glycine residues may also serve as acceptors in this reaction. Nevertheless, larger substrates are preferred, such as chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan, which has been deglycosylated by Smith degradation or HF treatment, or silk fibroin, which contains Ser-Gly pairs. In contrast to the sulfated polysaccharides, which are synthesized by carbohydrate transfer to protein in the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus, hyaluronic acid is formed in the plasma membrane by a different mechanism. The reaction by which chains are initiated is not yet known, but recent work by Prehm suggests that this process occurs either by transfer of the glucuronosyl component of UDP-glucuronic acid to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine or by the converse reaction, i.e., transfer of the N-acetylglucosaminyl unit of UDP-N acetylglucosamine to UDP-glucuronic acid. PMID- 3917945 TI - Close and focal contact adhesions of fibroblasts to a fibronectin-containing matrix. AB - The fibroblast cell line Balb/c 3T3 makes both close and tight-focal adhesive contacts with the plasma fibronectin (pFn)-coated tissue culture substratum. Detachment of these cells mediated by ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethyl ether) N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid leaves tight-focal contacts and a subset of close contacts as substratum-attached material (SAM). The enrichment of heparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycan (HS-PG) in SAM under specific attachment conditions, as well as the recent demonstration of HS binding to pFn or cellular Fn, has evolved a series of experiments with the selective HS-binding protein platelet factor-4 to analyze the requirement of the HS-binding activity of pFn in the formation of these two types of adhesive contacts. In addition, the cell-binding domain (CBD) of pFn, which recognizes an unidentified cell surface receptor, has been isolated free of HS-binding domains after proteolytic cleavage of pFn. These functional studies indicate that the binding of pFn on the substratum to cell surface HS-PG is necessary and sufficient to generate close contacts with transmembrane signaling of this proteoglycan to reorganize lengthy microfilament bundles in the cytoplasm. Cells spread incompletely on CBD alone, form only close contacts, and reorganize highly concentrated actin filaments only in their spiky projections. Furthermore, the formation of tight-focal contacts with associated stress fibers appears to require both reactions of pFn, binding to cell surface HS-PG and to its unidentified receptor. The importance of HS-PG in these functional studies has led to its better biochemical characterization in SAM. Initially formed close contacts of these cells contain principally a large HS-PG that aggregates into high-molecular-weight complexes by some unknown mechanism. With time, there are two different mechanisms of catabolism of HS-PG, one of which includes the liberation of single-chain HS. The importance of these changes in the HS-PG in SAM are now being analyzed with regard to the formation and disappearance of close and tight-focal adhesions. PMID- 3917946 TI - The effects of single-dose luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone on ovulatory menstrual function: support for a single luteinizing hormone- and follicle stimulating hormone-releasing factor. AB - Ten ovulatory women were followed with gonadotropin and steroid determinations through two cycles. They were given 500 micrograms of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LH-RH) during the periovulatory period of the second cycle to determine whether ovulation could be facilitated without altering corpus luteum function. Successive cycles demonstrated concordance for patterns of gonadotropin and steroid secretion when studied as group means. Two control cycles and one treatment cycle were consistent with luteal phase defects. The use of a supramaximal dose of LH-RH in these women neither facilitated ovulation nor adversely affected luteal function. A significant linear correlation was noted between peak LH and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) values for the spontaneous surges. This same linear relationship was maintained for the LH and FSH responses to 500 micrograms LH-RH. The present data produce further evidence demonstrating that the secretion of LH and FSH appears to be modulated by gonadal steroids and under the permissive control of a single gonadotropin-releasing hormone. PMID- 3917947 TI - Male transmission of the gene for isolated gonadotropin-releasing hormone deficiency. AB - Three black women, daughters of the same father but three unrelated mothers, presented with isolated gonadotropin deficiency (IGD). Clinically, the patients had no midline defects and intact smell and taste senses. Biochemically, the essential feature was very low unstimulated and stimulated follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone levels, even after priming with gonadotropin releasing hormone over a 5-day period. Growth hormone response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia was somewhat blunted, but prolactin, cortisol, and thyroid stimulating hormone responses were quite normal. All three patients had the 46,XX karyotype; clinical or biochemical aberrations could not be demonstrated in any of the remaining family members. The disorder was, apparently, transmitted by the deceased father, who manifestly did not have an IGD deficiency nor any of the midline stigmata associated with IGD. The mode of inheritance seems most likely to be autosomal dominant with variable penetrance. PMID- 3917948 TI - Factors influencing pregnancy rates following in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. AB - In 831 patients having 1533 in vitro fertilization treatments, pregnancy rates were examined in relation to clinical and laboratory factors. Pregnancy rates were significantly affected by the month and year of treatment, the age of the patient, the type of ovarian stimulation, the use of human chorionic gonadotropin, the number of eggs collected, the number of eggs fertilized, the number of embryos developed, and the number of embryos transferred. The most important factors determining pregnancy rates were the number of oocytes collected and the number of embryos transferred. The low pregnancy rate when only one egg was collected raises the problem of how to predict and manage such a patient in a current or future treatment cycle. PMID- 3917949 TI - Selection of superior stimulation protocols for follicular development in a program for in vitro fertilization. AB - Classification of stimulated controlled follicular development cycles in programs for in vitro fertilization by the likelihood of culminating in a pregnancy would allow for increased efficacy in patient management and the distribution of care provider services. Analysis of human menopausal gonadotropin stimulations by the estradiol (E2) patterns identified trends suggesting superiority of one pattern, but no statistically significant difference was identified. Similarly, trends were identified in the Norfolk data for the height and pattern of E2 response, but no statistical significance was identified. While these observations may become significant with larger numbers, until that time, criteria for altering patient management based on the rise of follicular phase E2 levels should be reconsidered. PMID- 3917950 TI - Sequential use of clomiphene citrate, human menopausal gonadotropin, and human chorionic gonadotropin in human in vitro fertilization. I. Follicular growth and oocyte suitability. AB - Sequential treatment with clomiphene citrate, human menopausal gonadotropin, and human chorionic gonadotropin was successfully applied to 149 women in the framework of an in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer program and led to the birth of normal children. An average of 3.5 follicles was promoted at each cycle. Oocyte maturity was evaluated at recovery either histologically or with respect to cumulus-oocyte complexes (COC) and correlated to oocyte fertilizability. Three types of COC are described according to cell dissociation and mucification. The most expanded cumulus mass (type I) was highly fertilizable, compared with granular and poorly dissociated cumulus complexes (types II and III, respectively). No improvement in the type II and III oocyte fertilizability was obtained when type I follicular fluid was added to the incubation medium. Moreover, incubation of type III oocytes in medium containing type III follicular fluid seemed to decrease their fertilizability. PMID- 3917951 TI - Ceruloplasmin and transferrin in human seminal plasma: are they an index of seminiferous tubular function? AB - Transferrin and ceruloplasmin have been measured by a solid-phase chemiluminescent method in seminal fluid and circulating blood of normal and vasectomized subjects (1 year after operation). This study has confirmed that approximately 80% of seminal transferrin comes from the testis, while seminal ceruloplasmin was not found different in the two groups. In patients affected by azoospermia due to seminiferous tubular damage (n = 15) in whom an obstruction was previously excluded, seminal transferrin was always below the normal range. On the contrary, seminal ceruloplasmin was always in the normal range, and circulating follicle-stimulating hormone was found above the normal range only in nine cases. No correlation was found between seminal transferrin and circulating follicle-stimulating hormone in such groups. In an unselected group of infertile patients with decreased sperm concentration and/or sperm motility, seminal transferrin was found correlated with the sperm count. These studies seem to suggest that seminal transferrin is a reliable index of seminiferous tubular function. PMID- 3917953 TI - Severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome from treatment with urinary follicle stimulating hormone: two cases. PMID- 3917952 TI - Progesterone and 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone advance the estrogen-induced bioassayable luteinizing hormone surge in castrate monkeys. AB - Recent studies have demonstrated marked disparities between bioassayable (BIO) versus radioimmunoassayable concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH) at midcycle. Other studies in intact women and monkeys have indicated that progesterone (P) may facilitate estrogen induction of the preovulatory gonadotropin surges. We have combined the study of these observations as follows: long-term castrate female monkeys were given estradiol benzoate with and without subsequent P or 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) injections. Plasma was collected during a selected 24-hour interval via a chronic indwelling femoral vein cannula. Initially, estrogen-negative feedback decreased the pulsatility and circulating levels of gonadotropins. P and 17-OHP treatment (after estradiol) hastened initiation of the BIO-LH surge by up to 8 hours. Although estrogen positive feedback alone enhanced the biologic activity of LH, P and 17-OHP expedited the midcycle-like BIO-LH surges. PMID- 3917954 TI - EDTA separation and recombination of epithelium and connective tissue of human oral mucosa. Studies of tissue transplants in nude mice. AB - A possible epithelial-mesenchymal interaction in determining epithelial histologic features of human oral mucosa was examined. The study comprised 74 biopsies of normal buccal mucosa and 54 biopsies of normal palatal mucosa. Epithelium was separated from connective tissue by the use of 1 mM ethylenediamine tetraacetate dihydrate. Self-recombined and cross-recombined epithelial and connective tissues and connective tissue sheets alone were transplanted to subcutaneous sites of nude mice. Histologic examination of cross recombined palatal epithelium/buccal connective tissue transplants showed a change in keratinization pattern but no major change in number of epithelial cell layers as the result of connective tissue influence. Transplanted sheets of connective tissue after growth for 14 days showed that complete separation of biopsies from buccal mucosa had been obtained. However, palatal mucosa had been incompletely separated as evidenced by re-epithelialization of most of the connective tissue transplants. The consequences of the incomplete palatal epithelium-connective tissue separation are discussed. PMID- 3917955 TI - Elevation of Factor VIII coagulant activity over Factor VIII coagulant antigen in diabetic children without vascular disease. A sign of activation of the Factor VIII coagulant moiety during poor diabetes control. AB - To investigate whether the elevation of factor VIII coagulant activity observed in children with poor control of diabetes is due to increased levels of the factor VIII coagulant moiety of the factor VIII complex or reflects activation of the factor VIII coagulant moiety, factor VIII coagulant activity (VIII C), factor VIII coagulant antigen (VIII C:Ag), and factor VIII-related antigen (VIII R:Ag) were determined in 75 insulin-dependent children. All children were without signs of vascular disease based on negative funduscopy, negative fluorescein angiography, normal serum creatinine levels, and absence of proteinuria. Children with poor actual control of diabetes had significantly higher VIII C values than did children with good actual control of diabetes based on HbA1 values, but VIII C:Ag values did not differ in children with good or poor actual control of diabetes. A significant elevation of VIII C over VIII C:Ag values was observed in children with poor actual control of diabetes, but no elevation of VIII C over VIII C:Ag was found in children with good actual control. VIII R:Ag values were higher in children with poor actual control. VIII C, VIII C:Ag, and VIII R:Ag did not differ significantly in children with short or long duration of clinical diabetes. Our observation of significantly higher VIII C values than VIII C:Ag levels strongly suggests intravascular activation of the factor VIII coagulant moiety during poor diabetes control. The process leading to activation of the coagulant moiety seems to be different from the process leading to the elevation of the other moiety of the factor VIII complex, the factor VIII-related antigen, in diabetic subjects. PMID- 3917956 TI - Sucralfate prevents experimental peptic esophagitis in rabbits. AB - Sucralfate was tested in a rabbit model for its ability to prevent experimental esophagitis. Esophagitis was assessed by gross appearance and microscopic examination by an uninformed observer. In addition, the permeability of the esophagus to a number of probe molecules was measured to assess barrier function. Animals were exposed for 1 h to either acid alone (HCl at pH 2), acid plus pepsin (0.8 mg/ml), or acid plus taurocholic acid (5 mM), as well as to the same injurious agents with the addition of 1 g of sucralfate. At the completion of this hour, the perfusate was removed and all animals were again perfused for 1 h with HCl at pH 2 while mucosal permeability was assessed by measuring erythritol, glucose, potassium, and sodium fluxes. The animals were then killed. Sucralfate significantly diminished esophagitis and the attendant mucosal permeability changes induced by pepsin. The viscous sucralfate gel was shown to adhere tenaciously to the esophageal mucosa, but this characteristic of sucralfate was found not to be critical for its protective action because a clear sucrose sulfate solution with no gel present was also protective. Hence, it was not necessary for the gel to be present for the drug to be effective. Several in vitro tests suggested that the clear sucrose sulfate solution, like the sucralfate gel, probably acts through a topical protectant effect, rather than through pepsin inactivation. Although the degree of esophagitis induced by the bile acid was significantly less than that observed with pepsin, the mucosal permeability changes were comparable. Sucralfate did not significantly reduce the flux rates of glucose, potassium, and sodium nor did it affect the morphology of the mucosa after exposure to taurocholic acid. In conclusion, the binding of sucralfate to pepsin substrates in tissue results in this agent being very effective in preventing experimental peptic esophagitis. PMID- 3917957 TI - Activated charcoal: in vivo and in vitro studies of effect on gas formation. AB - It has been reported that activated charcoal reduces intestinal gas production after ingestion of beans as evidenced by decreased breath hydrogen excretion and decreased passage of flatus. In the present study we assessed the ability of activated charcoal to reduce intestinal gas production by in vitro and in vivo methods. In vitro studies were performed using human fecal homogenates incubated with or without additional carbohydrate. In all studies hydrogen and carbon dioxide production and consumption occurred at similar rates in the charcoal treated homogenate as compared with the untreated control. The influence of activated charcoal on gas production, in vivo, was studied by double-blind assessment of breath hydrogen excretion and flatus excretion after ingestion of a baked bean meal. No significant difference was observed in breath hydrogen concentration or number of passages of flatus in subjects who ingested 16 capsules of activated charcoal (4 g) as opposed to the placebo. We conclude that activated charcoal does not influence gas formation in vitro or in vivo. PMID- 3917958 TI - Human intestinal mucosal mononuclear cells exhibit lymphokine-activated killer cell activity. AB - Previous investigations have shown that mononuclear cells present in human intestinal mucosa possess cytotoxic properties that are unique and different from those of cells circulating in the peripheral blood. We have further explored the cytolytic capacity of human intestinal mucosal mononuclear cells using both phenotypic and functional criteria. Using an immunoperoxidase technique on gut frozen sections, we failed to identify cells bearing surface markers displayed by natural killer cells and recognized by the monoclonal antibodies Leu7, Leu11, and Leu15. Freshly isolated human lamina proprial mononuclear cells (LPMC) were unable to lyse K562 target cells, even after using a variety of experimental conditions which included depletion of adherent cells, fractionation by Percoll gradients or panning with monoclonal antibodies, and treatment with a prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor or interferon-gamma. In contrast, when LPMC were cultured in the presence of the lymphokine interleukin 2 (IL 2), they displayed high levels of cytotoxicity against both K562 and Daudi target cells. Such cytolytic activity appeared after 1 or 2 days of culture, was dependent on the amount of IL 2 added to the cultures, was independent of plastic adherent cells, and could be inhibited by agents that block proliferation. Interferon gamma, when used under experimental conditions identical to those adopted for IL 2, was unable to induce any significant cytotoxicity by LPMC or enhance the level of killing obtained by stimulation with IL 2 alone. This IL 2-induced, nonspecific cytotoxicity of LPMC probably represents a form of lymphokine activated killer cell function similar to that recently described for human peripheral blood lymphocytes. In view of the absence of morphologic and functional evidence for natural killer cells in human intestinal mucosa, the phenomenon of lymphokine-activated killer cell activity displayed by LPMC may represent an alternate cytotoxic function potentially relevant to intestinal mucosa immunity. PMID- 3917959 TI - Electron microscopy of the intestine and rectum in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. AB - To provide a better understanding of the morphologic changes that take place in the intestine and colon in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), electron microscopy was performed on intestinal or colonic biopsy specimens obtained from 6 patients with AIDS and from 2 patients with AIDS-related lymphadenopathy syndrome. Cryptosporidia were attached to the plasma membrane of epithelial cells in 2 patients and were noninvasive. An invasive protozoan organism identified as Microsporidia was found in 1 patient. Evidence for epithelial cell injury was limited. Unusually prominent secretory granules in colonic epithelial cells (a morphologic counterpart of secretion) was found in 2 patients. Tubuloreticular structures were observed in 7 patients. The structures were found in endothelial cells, lymphocytes, monocytes, intraepithelial lymphocytes, and free in the capillary lumen. Tube- and ring-shaped forms were observed in 2 patients, prominent intraepithelial mast cells in 4 patients, rectal spirochetosis in 1 patient, and pseudomembranous colitis in 1 patient with intestinal and systemic shigellosis. Vesicular rosettes, retroviruses, other viruses, and Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare were not observed. These observations expand our knowledge of morphologic changes in the colonic and intestinal mucosa in patients with AIDS. Tubuloreticular structures are so prominent, in contrast to our previous electron-microscopic observations in other disease and normal states of the intestine and colon, that their finding (though clearly nonspecific) may be a clue to the diagnosis of AIDS in an otherwise equivocal situation. PMID- 3917960 TI - Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Evidence for a transfallopian route of infection. AB - We describe the clinical and laboratory features of a case of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae in a sexually active woman with Laennec's cirrhosis, ascites, and asymptomatic cervical gonorrhea. Treatment of the infection with high-dose parenteral penicillin was associated with resolution of the infection. This first report of spontaneous gonococcal peritonitis provides highly suggestive evidence that the transfallopian route is a mechanism whereby bacteria may enter the peritoneal cavity. Appropriate cultures for this organism should be included when a woman with chronic liver disease, who is sexually active, presents with spontaneous peritonitis. PMID- 3917961 TI - Occult blood screening for colorectal carcinoma: a critical review. AB - The author reviews the literature on occult blood surveillance for colorectal carcinoma. The guaiac-based Hemoccult (SmithKline Diagnostics, Sunnyvale, Calif.) test is the most reliable and widely used. However, testing is complicated by several technical issues that can affect clinical results, and even successful screening programs will miss a high proportion of tumors. Public compliance is often poor, and a number of indirect and "hidden" costs make surveillance programs much more expensive than is usually claimed. Almost all published screening trials are uncontrolled. They generally detect about 3-20 colorectal malignancies for every 10,000 people enrolled, but only about 5%-10% of occult blood reactions are due to cancer. Though screen-detected tumors tend to be at a relatively early stage, this does not imply any benefit of surveillance because of lead time and length biases inherent in the screening process. Only controlled trials can answer the central question of whether screening decreases mortality from bowel cancer. Two such trials are underway, but mortality data are not yet available from either. PMID- 3917962 TI - Screening for colorectal cancer: the issues. PMID- 3917963 TI - Shortvein, a new component of the decapentaplegic gene complex in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Our laboratory has been concerned with the structure and function of the decapentaplegic gene complex (DPP-C) in Drosophila melanogaster. To define the boundaries of the complex, we have studied the genetics of mutations allelic to a previously discovered mutation shortvein (shv), known to reside near decapentaplegic. We found that shortvein resides distal to Hin-d and dpp within the same polytene chromosome doublet, 22F1-2. Lesions in shv can affect not only the formation of the wing veins but also can interfere with normal development of parts of the adult and/or be lethal. Like those of dpp mutants, the shv associated adult abnormalities affect distal epidermal structures. Some shv lesions cause a larval lethal syndrome which is associated with an unusually long larval stage (ca. five to six times its normal duration). Lesions in shv exhibit an involved pattern of complementation with dpp mutations, indicating that both shv and dpp are parts of a single gene complex. A subset of the array of mutant phenotypes displayed by shv/dpp trans-heterozygotes appear to be dpp-specific phenotypes; we interpret these as reflecting an inactivation effect of certain shv alleles on dpp functions. The other abnormalities displayed by these trans heterozygotes appear to be shv-specific defects; we view these as indicating an inactivation effect of certain dpp mutations on shv functions. Furthermore, embryonic lethal (EL) mutations within the DPP-C exhibit allelic interactions with all shv mutations. We conclude that the shortvein region represents a newly identified integrated portion of the DPP-C. PMID- 3917964 TI - Acute gluten challenge in treated adult coeliac disease: a morphometric and enzymatic study. AB - Using a Quinton hydraulic biopsy tube, jejunal biopsies were obtained from 10 patients with adult coeliac disease in remission and four healthy volunteers before and after administration of gluten fraction III into the proximal duodenum. The biopsies taken at hourly intervals for four hours, were analysed for changes in brush border enzymes, light microscopic appearances, and villous and crypt population counts. The results indicate that mucosal damage occurs within three to four hours of gluten administration with significant falls in brush border enzyme concentrations and villous population counts. The absence of any change in control biopsies indicates that gluten sensitivity is specific to the mucosa of patients with coeliac disease, the timing of the changes being consistent with a type III immune response or direct toxicity. Some recovery of the brush border enzymes but not the villous population was evident 24 hours after gluten administration while the crypt population showed evidence of a compensatory hyperplastic reaction. PMID- 3917965 TI - Effect of glyceryl trinitrate on the sphincter of Oddi motility and baseline pressure. AB - It is widely accepted that glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) effectively dilates the smooth muscles of blood vessels. A similar effect has been postulated on the smooth muscles in the gastrointestinal tract. In this study the motility of the sphincter of Oddi and the common bile duct pressure as determined by endoscopic manometry was investigated in nine patients before and after sublingual application of 1.2 mg GTN (nitro group). Eight untreated patients served as controls. Three minutes after application of GTN the papillary contraction amplitude decreased from 69.3 +/- 4.3 mmHg to 36.8 +/- 5.1 mmHg (p less than 0.005) and the papillary baseline pressure fell from 8.9 +/- 0.6 mmHg to 2.9 +/- 0.2 mmHg (p less than 0.005) respectively. The contraction frequency in the nitro group and all motility parameters in the control group remained unchanged. These results indicate that GTN does not influence the sphincter of Oddi motility, but it relaxes very effectively the sphincter of Oddi muscle. Thus, GTN should be taken into account for the treatment of biliary colic. In our endoscopic unit GTN proved to be useful as premedication for endoscopic examinations, particularly for the removal of small and medium size common bile duct stones through the intact papilla. PMID- 3917966 TI - Naloxone does not interfere with the dopamine-induced decrease in gonadotropin secretion in women with polycystic ovarian disease. AB - Dopamine infusion 4 micrograms/kg/min over 4 h, administered to six subjects with diagnosis of polycystic ovarian disease laparoscopically confirmed, produced a significant decrease in serum LH, FSH and PRL, suggesting a reduced dopamine activity in these subjects. The addition of naloxone 4 mg iv bolus plus 4 mg/h over 2 h, a specific opiate antagonist, does not interfere with the well established dopaminergic inhibitory influence on LH, FSH and PRL secretion. This suggests that opiatergic pathways are not directly involved in the dopamine induced suppressive effect on LH secretion in subjects with LH-dependent polycystic ovarian disease. PMID- 3917967 TI - Abnormal pattern of LH-release in patients with germinal epithelium damage. PMID- 3917968 TI - Effect of parenteral amino acid supplementation in alcoholic hepatitis. AB - A controlled randomized study was performed in 15 patients with biopsy-proven alcoholic hepatitis to determine the effect of the administration of a parenteral amino acid-glucose solution for 1 month on nutritional, clinical, biochemical and histological parameters. All patients were allowed ad libitum consumption of a hospital diet. Five patients received the amino acid-glucose solution, while 10 received the glucose solution without amino acids. There was more improvement in nitrogen balance in the treated group than the control group. However, amino acid therapy was no more beneficial than control therapy in improving creatinine height index, arm muscle area, arm fat area, and plasma levels of retinol binding proteins, prealbumin and pyridoxal-5'-phosphate. Clinical and biochemical markers of liver disease improved in both groups. This improvement in composite clinical index was more rapid in the treated than in the control group, but this early advantage was no longer apparent at the end of one month. Hepatocellular necrosis, inflammation and fat improved in the entire group. Amino acid treatment resulted in a greater resolution of fatty infiltration, but did not otherwise affect hepatic histology. Hepatocellular necrosis and inflammation in both the initial and final liver biopsies were highly correlated with nitrogen balance on admission. Initial clinical index correlated with the quantity of ethanol consumption prior to admission but not with liver injury on biopsy. However, by the end of the study, clinical index correlated with hepatocellular necrosis and inflammation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3917970 TI - DRGs pose problems for pediatric hospitals. PMID- 3917969 TI - Pattern and prognosis of liver function test abnormalities during parenteral nutrition in inflammatory bowel disease. AB - The pattern of liver function test abnormalities was examined during total parenteral nutrition (TPN), using both dextrose and fat emulsions as caloric sources, in 92 patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Seventy-two patients had completely normal tests before TPN while 20 had one or more abnormal liver function tests before TPN was started. Serum bilirubin levels were normal in all patients before TPN; within 2 weeks on TPN, 25% of patients had elevated bilirubin levels. Serum alkaline phosphatase rose to values above normal in 25% of patients with normal starting values but did not change in those with abnormal baseline liver function tests. Elevations of SGPT were characteristically more pronounced than were elevation of SGOT. After 2 weeks of TPN, mean serum SGOT rose from 15 to 26 IU per liter (p less than 0.01) in patients with normal baseline values and from 28 to 50 IU per liter in those with abnormal baseline values. Elevations of serum SGPT were most common, affecting 25% of patients with normal baseline. The mean SGPT value rose from 13 to 38 IU per liter (p less than 0.01) at 1 week of TPN. In patients with abnormal tests before TPN, the mean SGPT value rose from 45 to 102 IU per liter (p less than 0.05). Liver biopsies performed in four patients with substantial elevations of aminotransferases revealed only minor nonspecific changes and no fatty infiltration. Elevated liver function tests promptly returned to baseline after TPN was discontinued, and progressive liver disease was not observed in any patient.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3917971 TI - Medicare turns 20 as America grays. PMID- 3917972 TI - The VKIIIb light chain sub-subgroup: restricted association with mu heavy chain in normal human serum. AB - The VKIII human kappa light chain subgroup has been serologically and structurally divided into two sub-subgroups, VKIIIa and VKIIIb. VKIIIb has been shown by others to be strikingly prevalent in IgM autoantibodies, but no studies have been performed to determine heavy chain isotype association with VKIIIb light chain in normal human serum. The VKIIIb sub-subgroup was shown here to be associated with mu heavy chain in normal human serum, but was not detected in association with gamma or alpha heavy chain. Approximately 25 +/- 15% of IgM kappa was determined to be VKIIIb. Both intact IgG and purified light chains from pooled IgG did not bind monoclonal anti-VKIIIb, indicating that the determinants recognized by anti-VKIIIb are not merely masked in intact IgG. These results are the first report of a light chain sub-subgroup showing preferential association with a heavy chain isotype. PMID- 3917973 TI - Mutation at I-A beta chain prevents experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis. AB - Immune response (Ir) gene(s) at the I-A subregion of the mouse H-2 complex influence susceptibility to experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG). To determine the importance of the Ir gene product, the Ia antigens, in EAMG pathogenesis, we studied the degree of EAMG susceptibility of an I-A mutant strain, the B6.C-H-2bm12 (bm12), and its parent B6/Kh. According to the cellular, humoral, biochemical, and clinical manifestations of EAMG, the I-A mutation converted an EAMG susceptible strain (B6/Kh) into a relatively resistant strain (bm12). The relative resistance to EAMG induction in bm12 may be due to the lack of Ia.8 and/or Ia.39 determinants and/or quantitative expression of Ia antigens. PMID- 3917974 TI - Structure of a functional rabbit class I MHC gene: similarity to human class I genes. AB - Studies of rabbit major histocompatibility complex proteins have suggested that rabbits express only a single class I antigen, in contrast to most mouse strains (H-2K, D, and L) and man (HLA-A, -B, and -C), which express three. To explore the significance and the molecular basis of this apparent species difference, we have characterized the expressed class I protein and a corresponding cDNA clone from the rabbit cell line RL-5, which is derived from the inbred B/J rabbit strain. As an extension of these analyses, this report documents the genomic sequence of a gene, designated 19-1, which encodes the same histocompatibility antigen expressed in RL-5. The availability of the corresponding full-length cDNA and amino-terminal protein sequence indicates the fully functional nature of the 19-1 gene and allows presumptive assignment of the transcription start site and delineation of exon/intron boundaries. Comparisons of the rabbit gene with homologous human and mouse sequences reveal a striking similarity between 19-1 and human genes in both exon/intron organization and specific nucleotide sequences; this close similarity allows tentative identification of previously unrecognized transcriptional start sites in the human genes. PMID- 3917975 TI - Effects of Clostridium difficile toxins given intragastrically to animals. AB - We examined the activities of Clostridium difficile toxin preparations given intragastrically to hamsters, mice, and rats. The culture filtrate from a highly toxigenic strain of C. difficile caused hemorrhage and accumulation of fluid in the small intestine and cecum, diarrhea, and death in hamsters and mice. In rats, the culture filtrate caused only a small amount of fluid accumulation and slight hemorrhage along the small intestine. When toxin A was removed from the culture filtrate, the filtrate lost its activity. Preparations of homogeneous toxin A caused a response similar to that observed after the administration of culture filtrate. Hamsters were more sensitive to toxin A than mice or rats were. When hamsters were given multiple low doses of toxin A 1 week apart at a concentration which singly caused no response, they became ill and died, indicating that the toxin may have long-term effects. High amounts of toxin B did not cause any significant response when given intragastrically, unless initially mixed with low amounts of toxin A or given to hamsters with bruised ceca. These results suggest that toxins A and B act synergistically and that the action of toxin B may occur via the tissue damage caused by toxin A. PMID- 3917976 TI - Anaerobiosis increases resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to O2-independent antimicrobial proteins from human polymorphonuclear granulocytes. AB - We investigated the in vitro resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae FA19 to the O2 independent antimicrobial systems of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Acid extracts of polymorphonuclear leukocyte granules (crude granule extracts) and a purified granule protein (57 kilodaltons) were, at low concentrations, bactericidal for gonococci under aerobic conditions that permitted growth. However, they were less effective under anaerobic conditions that imposed bacteriostasis. We found that adding sodium nitrite to reduced growth media permitted the growth of strain FA19 in an anaerobic environment. Under these conditions with nitrite, anaerobic cultures of strain FA19 were no more resistant to the crude granule extract and the 57-kilodalton protein than aerobic cultures. In contrast, Salmonella typhimurium SL-1004, a facultative anaerobe, was readily killed by both the crude granule extract and the 57-kilodalton antimicrobial protein regardless of the presence or absence of free molecular oxygen. This is the first demonstration that an isolated antimicrobial protein from polymorphonuclear leukocyte granules is active against bacteria under anaerobic conditions. Our results also indicated that the efficacy of human polymorphonuclear leukocyte O2-independent killing of N. gonorrhoeae may, in part, be inhibited by bacteriostatic conditions imposed by hypoxia. PMID- 3917977 TI - Effect of immune complexes from mastitic milk on blocking of Fc receptors and phagocytosis. AB - Fc receptors on the surface of milk leukocytes from normal glands, bronchial leukocytes, mastocytoma P-815 cells, and murine leukemia L1210 cells were blocked significantly (P less than 0.01) by cavian and bovine milk collected from inflamed glands (mastitic milk), their wheys, and in vitro-prepared immune complexes composed of the whey from normal milk and serum. Blocking of Fc receptors indicated the presence of immune complexes in the mastitic milk and was detected by inhibition of rosette formation with sensitized erythrocytes or attachment of the aggregated immunoglobulin G. The binding of immune complexes to these cells was also determined by staining with fluorescein isothiocyanate labeled protein A. As the mastitis subsided, the blocking effect of the mastitic milk also declined markedly. There was no significant difference in blocking capacity between mastitic milk and its whey. The blocking capacity of normal cavian or bovine milk and their wheys was insignificant. Whey from mastitic milk also inhibited phagocytosis of opsonized staphylococci by alveolar macrophages. We suggest that the blocking of Fc receptors on phagocytic cells adversely affects phagocytosis. PMID- 3917978 TI - Lactate dehydrogenase from Streptococcus mutans: purification, characterization, and crossed antigenicity with lactate dehydrogenases from Lactobacillus casei, Actinomyces viscosus, and Streptococcus sanguis. AB - A cytoplasmic fructose-1,6-diphosphate-dependent lactate dehydrogenase (LDH; EC 1.1.1.27) from Streptococcus mutans OMZ175 was purified to homogeneity as judged by sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis. The purification consisted of ammonium sulfate precipitation of the cytoplasmic fraction, DEAE-Sephacel and Blue-Sepharose CL.6B chromatography, and Sephacryl S200 gel permeation. The catalytic activity of the purified enzyme required the presence of fructose-1,6 diphosphate with a broad optimum between pH 5 and 6.2. The concentration of fructose-1,6-diphosphate required for half-maximal velocity was around 0.02 mM and was affected by the pyruvate concentration. The enzyme seemed to have at least two binding sites for the activator which interact in a cooperative manner. Increasing concentrations of fructose-1,6-diphosphate up to 2 mM enhanced the relative affinity of the enzyme for pyruvate and modified the pyruvate saturation curve from sigmoidal to hyperbolic. The enzyme activity showed also a sigmoidal response to NADH, exhibiting two binding sites for the cofactor with a Hill coefficient of about 1.9. The molecular weight of the native enzyme was 150,000 as determined by gel permeation on Sephacryl S200. Monomers (38,000 daltons) and dimers (85,000 daltons) were observed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis; the latter form was dissociated after reduction with 2 mercaptoethanol, and the enzyme could be considered a tetramer. Antibodies obtained against the purified S. mutans OMZ175 LDH cross-reacted with the sodium dodecyl sulfate-dissociated forms of LDHs from different S. mutans serotypes, Streptococcus sanguis OMZ9, Lactobacillus casei ATCC 4646, and Actinomyces viscosus NY 1. A competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay allowed us to detect a very close relationship between the native states of L-LDHs from S. mutans serotypes and S. sanguis. Cross-reactions were also observed with the LDHs from A. viscosus and L. casei, the latter being the least related. A very weak immunological relationship was obtained between the L-LDH from S. mutans OMZ175 and the D-LDH from Lactobacillus leichmannii, whereas no cross-reaction could be detected with mammal LDHs. PMID- 3917980 TI - In vitro evidence that human airway lysozyme is cleaved and inactivated by Pseudomonas aeruginosa elastase and not by human leukocyte elastase. AB - The in vitro effects of Pseudomonas aeruginosa elastase (P. aeruginosa E) and of human leukocyte elastase on human airway lysozyme (HAL) were investigated. P. aeruginosa E inactivated and cleaved HAL, whereas human leukocyte elastase had no effect. Total inactivation of HAL by P. aeruginosa E was observed after 120 min of incubation at 37 degrees C, for an elastase-to-lysozyme molar ratio of 1:5. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of reaction mixtures containing HAL and P. aeruginosa E in an elastase-to-lysozyme molar ratio of 1:10 showed a progressive disappearance of the HAL band upon increasing the incubation time with P. aeruginosa E. Gel filtration chromatography indicated that HAL was cleaved into at least three peptide fragments. The cleavage of HAL by P. aeruginosa E was accompanied by parallel losses of its bacteriolytic activity and its immunoreactive property. PMID- 3917981 TI - Blastogenic response of bovine lymphocytes to Brucella abortus lipopolysaccharide. AB - Brucella abortus lipopolysaccharide was tested in a blastogenesis assay with unfractionated and nylon wool-separated peripheral blood lymphocytes of Brucella naive cattle and cattle immunized with B. abortus. Our results indicated that in cattle the lipopolysaccharide of B. abortus is not a B-cell mitogen. In immunized animals it stimulated predominantly nylon wool-adherent cells. The lipopolysaccharide of Escherichia coli O128:B12, in contrast, induced a substantially greater proliferative response in circulating lymphocytes, predominantly those adherent to nylon wool, of the Brucella-naive cattle. PMID- 3917979 TI - Immunity and protection of mice against Neisseria meningitidis group B by vaccination, using polysaccharide complexed with outer membrane proteins: a comparison with purified B polysaccharide. AB - A methodology for preparing outer membrane proteins (type specific) complexed to group B polysaccharide of Neisseria meningitidis is described. These complexes, low in nucleic acid and lipopolysaccharide content, were immunogenic in mice with induction of humoral antigroup B and antiprotein responses. Immunized mice were also protected against challenge with N. meningitidis group B strains of the same or a different type from that used for vaccination. Both immunity and protection were enhanced when the mice received a secondary immunization with the protein polysaccharide complex. Additional data have shown the capacity of purified B polysaccharide to induce immunological memory, even though it is incapable of inducing a humoral response when given alone. PMID- 3917982 TI - Characteristics of the anti-sheep red blood cell heterophile antibodies produced during Schistosoma japonicum infection in mice. AB - Heterophile antibodies (Ab) against sheep red blood cells were shown to have developed in mice experimentally infected with Schistosoma japonicum (SJ). Incidence of the elevated Ab levels was markedly high in the period of 6-10 weeks following infection. By means of absorption tests, the heterophile Ab could be distinguished from classical human heterophile Ab of Paul-Bunnell, Hanganutzui Deicher, and Forssman types. Antigen(s) cross-reactive with the heterophile Ab was found only in goat red blood cells (RBC) but absent on RBC of other species, in various tissue homogenates of syngeneic mice, or in SJ parasites and their eggs. The Ab activity seems to be mainly localized in immunoglobulin classes other than IgM. PMID- 3917983 TI - The topical effects of Wy-41,195 [2-cyano-3-(methylamino)phenylamino] oxoacetic acid, sodium salt and disodium cromoglycate in the rat passive eyelid anaphylaxis. AB - Wy-41,195 demonstrated significant inhibitory effects (54-60%) when administered topically at 0.25-2% concentrations in a rat passive eyelid anaphylaxis assay. In contrast, topically applied disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) showed non significant inhibition at these concentrations. The potency of Wy-41,195 was more than 8 times greater than DSCG, and this compound may be an effective topical agent in man in preventing allergic and associated conditions. PMID- 3917984 TI - Hapten-specific prophylaxis of murine contact sensitivity by DNP-amino acid derivatives. AB - In mice, the elicitation of DNFB contact skin reaction was suppressed by the intravenous injection of relatively small amounts of DNP-amino acid conjugates when given at the same time of challenge test. Maximal suppression achieved was around 70% when optimal doses of DNP-amino acid were administered. The suppressive activity of 4 different amino acids, i.e., DNP-L-lysine, DNP-S cysteine, DNP-alanine, and DNP-glycine, was nearly the same, respectively. This inhibitory effect was hapten-specific, and it failed to suppress the strong skin reaction elicited in cyclophosphamide-pretreated mice. Using the lymphocyte culture system, low doses of DNP-amino acid also suppressed the antigen-specific proliferation of sensitized lymph node cells (T prlf). Preincubation of sensitized cells with DNP-amino acid eliminated the transfer activity of T-DH cells as demonstrated previously. The mixture of lymph node cells and spleen cells from DNP-L-lysine-treated mice in vivo also suppressed the elicitation of skin reaction when transferred to recipient mice sensitized 5 days previously. Transfer studies demonstrated that this suppression was mediated by Lyt 1.2 (+), Thy 1.2 positive cells in vivo. PMID- 3917985 TI - The anti-allergic effects of FPL 52694. AB - The substituted chromone carboxylic acid FPL 52694 inhibited models of IgE mediated immediate hypersensitivity reactions in the rat by a mechanism similar to that of sodium cromoglycate. The compound was more potent than sodium cromoglycate but unlike cromoglycate was active following oral administration. PMID- 3917987 TI - Neisseria meningitidis. AB - N. meningitidis continues to be a worldwide cause of human disease, usually in otherwise healthy individuals. The natural habitat and reservoir for meningococci are the mucosal surfaces of the human nasopharynx and to a lesser extent, the urogenital tract and anal canal. In most instances meningococcal colonization of mucosal surfaces is asymptomatic but may produce local infection. In those individuals who lack serum bactericidal activity against the meningococcus, colonization of mucosal surfaces and bloodstream invasion by N. meningitidis can lead to devastating meningitis and septicemia. Recent studies on the ultrastructure of the meningococcus and on the mechanisms of pathogenesis have given us new insight into meningococcal infections and suggest ways for improved immunoprophylaxis. Currently, penicillin is the drug of choice for the treatment of meningococcal meningitis and septicemia. However, the report of meningococci with antibiotic resistant plasmids is alarming and in the future may alter traditional treatment regimens. PMID- 3917986 TI - Anti-tumor effect of inflammatory neutrophils: characteristics of in vivo generation and in vitro tumor cell lysis. AB - Inflammatory neutrophils elicited by intraperitoneal injection of Corynebacterium parvum, thioglycollate or proteose peptone were capable of lysing different murine and human tumor targets in a short-term chromium-release assay. A single cell cytotoxicity assay, which evaluated effector-target cell interactions at the single-cell level, confirmed a PMN-mediated tumor-lytic effect. Optimal lysis was achieved by PMNs obtained 6 hr after injection of C. parvum and 16 hr after injection of thioglycollate. In vitro, loss of tumor cell membrane integrity occurred extremely rapidly following conjugation with inflammatory PMNs (beginning within 15 min of the binding step). By 45 min, the lytic event was completed. Addition of catalase or superoxide dismutase to the cytotoxicity assays prevented tumor lysis in a concentration-dependent fashion, indicating that hydrogen peroxide and superoxide, products of the PMN respiratory burst, are mediators of the lytic reaction. PMID- 3917988 TI - Effects of calcium chelating agents on corneal permeability. AB - Corneal penetration studies have been conducted in unanesthetized albino rabbits using various organic compounds representing both polar and nonpolar species. In the presence of calcium chelating agents, polar compounds generally demonstrate an increase in corneal penetration. Evidence that this corneal effect is reversible is presented. Concomitant with an increase in both corneal and aqueous humor drug levels was a decrease in drug concentration in both iris and conjunctival tissues tentatively attributed to chelation effects on vascular permeability of these tissues. EDTA, a known calcium chelator, was shown to penetrate the cornea, conjunctiva, and iris/ciliary body from a topically applied dose. The implications of this observation pertain to both toxicity effects, when EDTA is incorporated into ocular drug products for stability purposes, and novel strategems for improving ocular bioavailability of topically applied drugs. PMID- 3917989 TI - Plutonium in gonads: a summary of the current status. AB - A review of the literature was carried out to investigate the following: the fraction of Pu in the body that was in the gonads; the necessity for a localization factor in calculating the genetic dose to humans; and the possibility that an unexpectedly high relative biological effectiveness (RBE) causing genetic effects could occur for alpha particles. Human autopsy data from both occupationally exposed persons and the public were relied on to determine the amount of Pu in the gonads. It was found that an average fraction of 3 X 10( 3) of the Pu in the body was in the ovaries and testes but there was a wide variation among individuals. While a localization factor over the average of 2.5 4 is needed to calculate the dose to the sensitive cells for rodents, no such factor is required for the human. Information on the RBE for various genetic effects shows RBEs for Pu alpha's about as would be expected from neutron irradiation. The usual quality factor applied in calculating dose equivalent is appropriate and may be conservative, particularly for females. PMID- 3917990 TI - Low P50 in deer mice native to high altitude. AB - Whereas it is widely believed that animals native to high altitude show lower O2 partial pressures at 50% hemoglobin saturation (P50) than do related animals native to low altitude, that "fact" has not been well documented. Consequently, P50 at pH 7.4, PCO2(7.4), the CO2 Bohr effect, and the buffer slope (delta log PCO2/delta pH) were determined via the mixing technique in Peromyscus maniculatus native to a range of altitudes but acclimated to 340 or 3,800 m. PCO2(7.4) and buffer slope were substantially lower at high altitude. The change in P50(7.4) between acclimation altitudes was minimal (0.8% increase at 3,800 m), because of counterbalancing changes in PCO2, 2,3-diphospho-D-glycerate concentration, and perhaps other factors. At both acclimation altitudes there was a highly significant negative correlation between P50(7.4) and native altitude. Since pH in vivo probably increases slightly at high altitude, the data on P50 corrected to pH 7.4 are probably underestimates of the difference in in vivo P50 at low vs. high altitude. Hence these results corroborate theoretical predictions that low P50 is advantageous under severe hypoxic stress. PMID- 3917991 TI - Effects of arachidonate on permeability and resistance distribution in canine lungs. AB - In this study, 14 canine lung lobes were isolated and perfused with autologous blood at constant pressure (CP) or constant flow (CF). Pulmonary capillary pressure (Pc) was measured via venous occlusion or simultaneous arterial and venous occlusions. Arterial and venous pressures and blood flow were measured concurrently so that total pulmonary vascular resistance (RT) as well as pre- (Ra) and post- (Rv) capillary resistances could be calculated. In both CP and CF perfused lobes, 5-min arachidonic acid (AA) infusions (0.085 +/- 0.005 to 2.80 +/ 0.16 mg X min-1 X 100 g lung-1) increased RT, Rv, and Pc (P less than 0.05 at the highest dose), while Ra was not significantly altered and Ra/Rv fell (P less than 0.05 at the highest AA dose). In five CP-perfused lobes, the effect of AA infusion on the pulmonary capillary filtration coefficient (Kf,C) was also determined. Neither low-dose AA (0.167 +/- 0.033 mg X min-1 X 100 g-1) nor high dose AA (1.35 +/- 0.39 mg X min-1 X 100 g-1) altered Kf,C from control values (0.19 +/- 0.02 ml X min-1 X cmH2O-1 X 100 g-1). The hemodynamic response to AA was attenuated by prior administration of indomethacin (n = 2). We conclude that AA infusion in blood-perfused canine lung lobes increased RT and Pc by increasing Rv and that microvascular permeability is unaltered by AA infusion. PMID- 3917992 TI - Role of tracheal and bronchial circulation in respiratory heat exchange. AB - Due to their anatomic configuration, the vessels supplying the central airways may be ideally suited for regulation of respiratory heat loss. We have measured blood flow to the trachea, bronchi, and lung parenchyma in 10 anesthetized supine open-chest dogs. They were hyperventilated (frequency, 40; tidal volume 30-35 ml/kg) for 30 min or 1) warm humidified air, 2) cold (-20 degrees C dry air, and 3) warm humidified air. End-tidal CO2 was kept constant by adding CO2 to the inspired ventilator line. Five minutes before the end of each period of hyperventilation, measurements of vascular pressures (pulmonary arterial, left atrial, and systemic), cardiac output (CO), arterial blood gases, and inspired, expired, and tracheal gas temperatures were made. Then, using a modification of the reference flow technique, 113Sn-, 153Gd-, and 103Ru-labeled microspheres were injected into the left atrium to make separate measurements of airway blood flow at each intervention. After the last measurements had been made, the dogs were killed and the lungs, including the trachea, were excised. Blood flow to the trachea, bronchi, and lung parenchyma was calculated. Results showed that there was no change in parenchymal blood flow, but there was an increase in tracheal and bronchial blood flow in all dogs (P less than 0.01) from 4.48 +/- 0.69 ml/min (0.22 +/- 0.01% CO) during warm air hyperventilation to 7.06 +/- 0.97 ml/min (0.37 +/- 0.05% CO) during cold air hyperventilation. PMID- 3917993 TI - Thromboxane-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction: involvement of calcium. AB - Infusion of tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-bu-OOH) or arachidonic acid into rabbit pulmonary arteries stimulated thromboxane B2 (TxB2) production and caused pulmonary vasoconstriction. Both phenomena were blocked by cyclooxygenase inhibitors or a thromboxane synthase inhibitor. The increase in pulmonary arterial pressure caused by either t-bu-OOH or arachidonic acid infusion correlated with the concentration of TxB2 in the effluent perfusate. The concentration of TxB2 in the effluent perfusate, however, was always 10-fold greater after arachidonic acid infusion. In the rabbit pulmonary vascular bed lipoxygenase products did not appear involved in the vasoactive response to t-bu OOH or exogenous arachidonic acid infusion. Calcium entry blockers or a calcium free perfusate prevented the thromboxane-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction. Calmodulin inhibitors also blocked the pulmonary vasoconstriction induced by t-bu OOH without affecting the production of TxB2 or prostacyclin. These results suggest that thromboxane causes pulmonary vasoconstriction by increasing cytosol calcium concentration. PMID- 3917994 TI - Mechanisms of respiratory response to isoproterenol in glomectomized cats. AB - Effects of intravenous isoproterenol (2-3 micrograms) on arterial pressure, end tidal CO2 partial pressure (PCO2), medullary extracellular fluid (ECF) pH, and phrenic activity were studied in 13 anesthetized paralyzed cats whose vagi and carotid sinus nerves were cut. The cats were servo-ventilated to keep PCO2 relatively constant. Injections of Ringer solution were without effect. Isoproterenol caused arterial pressure to fall, a transient small (1 Torr) increase of PCO2, increased venous CO2 return to the lungs, a medullary ECF acidosis, and a stimulation of respiration that continued to be elevated after arterial pressure, PCO2, and medullary ECF pH had returned to control. We show that the ECF acidosis is minimally due to the hypotension and to the small transient rise of PCO2. We also show that the respiratory response cannot be explained solely by the ECF acidosis. We conclude that, in addition to its known stimulation of peripheral chemoreceptors, isoproterenol causes medullary ECF to become acidic probably due to metabolic effects on neural tissue and has a separate direct stimulating effect on neurons in the brain. PMID- 3917995 TI - Aberrant regulation of methylesterase activity in cheD chemotaxis mutants of Escherichia coli. AB - The adaptation process in several cheD chemotaxis mutants, which carry defects in tsr, the serine transducer gene, was examined. cheD mutants are smooth swimming and generally nonchemotactic; the defect is dominant to the wild-type tsr gene (J. S. Parkinson, J. Bacteriol. 142:953-961, 1980). All classes of methyl accepting chemotaxis proteins synthesized in unstimulated cheD strains are overmethylated relative to the wild type. We found that the steady-state rate of demethylation in cheD mutants was low; this may explain their overmethylated phenotype. In addition, all cheD mutants showed diminished responsiveness of methylesterase activity to attractant and repellent stimuli transduced by either the Tsr or Tar protein, and they did not adapt. These results suggest that the dominant nature of the cheD mutations is manifested as a general defect in the regulation of demethylation. Some of these altered properties of methylesterase activity in cheD mutants were exhibited in wild-type cells that were treated with saturating concentrations of serine. The mutant Tsr protein thus seems to be locked into a signaling mode that suppresses tumbling and inhibits methylesterase activity in a global fashion. We found that the Tar and mutant Tsr proteins synthesized in cheD strains were methylated and deamidated at the correct sites and that the mutations were not located in the methylated peptides. Thus, the signaling properties of the transducers may be controlled at sites distinct from the methyl-accepting sites. PMID- 3917996 TI - Energy-dependent cell cohesion in myxobacteria. AB - Cohesion in the myxobacterium Stigmatella aurantiaca was characterized. Two classes of cohesion were revealed, termed class A and class B. Class A cohesion is a characteristic of vegetative cells grown in tryptone or casitone (Difco Laboratories, Detroit, Mich.), whereas class B cohesion requires the addition of calcium ion for induction. Class A cohesion occurs in the presence of any cation and is temperature independent. Class B cohesion requires the presence of a cation in the calcium group and is energy dependent. We conclude that S. aurantiaca responds to calcium ion by synthesizing the molecular components of a system of cell cohesion (class B) and that the functioning of this system requires the expenditure of metabolic energy. PMID- 3917997 TI - Internal promoter in the ilvGEDA transcription unit of Escherichia coli K-12. AB - Segments of the ilvGEDA transcription unit have been cloned into the promoter tester plasmid pMC81. This vector contains cloning sites situated upstream of the lacZ gene coding for beta-galactosidase. Using this method we have quantitatively evaluated in vivo (i) the activity of previously described promoter, pG, preceding ilvG; (ii) the relative activity of pE promoter, previously postulated to be located between ilvG and ilvE; and (iii) the effect of the frameshift site present in the wild-type ilvG gene by comparison with mutant derivatives lacking this frameshift site. Isogenic derivatives of strain MC1000 were constructed by transduction with phage P1 grown on rho-120, delta(ilvGEDA), delta(ilvED), and ilvA538 hosts. The potential effects of these alleles that were previously postulated to affect ilvGEDA expression were assessed in vivo by monitoring beta galactosidase production directed by ilv DNA fragments. Cloned ilv segments were also tested for activity in vitro with a DNA-directed coupled transcription and translation system. The production in vitro of ilv-directed ilv gene expression and beta-galactosidase expression with ara-ilv-lac fusions paralleled the in vivo activity. PMID- 3917998 TI - Posttranscriptional regulation of the inducible nonenzymatic chloramphenicol resistance determinant of IncP plasmid R26. AB - The inducible nonenzymatic chloramphenicol resistance (Cmr) determinant of the IncP plasmid R26 was cloned on a 1,900-base-pair restriction endonuclease HindIII fragment. Transposon Tn5 mutagenesis revealed that at least 1,400 base pairs is required for expression of Cmr. There was no increase in the level of Cmr when the copy number of the determinant was raised by cloning in pBR322 or pUB5572. Expression of Cmr by cells carrying a lower-copy-number pUB5572cml+ plasmid was inducible and thus indistinguishable from those with R26 itself. However, pBR322cml+-carrying cells expressed Cmr constitutively, possibly due to the activity of vector promoters or an elevated copy number. Transcriptional and translational cml-lac fusions were constructed. The operon (transcriptional) cml lac fusion carried by the low-copy-number plasmid pUB5572 caused a low level of constitutive beta-galactosidase activity, which could not be elevated by induction with chloramphenicol and was not affected by a coresident R26cml+ element. In contrast, the gene (translational) cml-lac fusion expressed low-level beta-galactosidase activity, which was elevated fivefold by prior exposure to chloramphenicol. We conclude that the regulation of Cmr occurs posttranscriptionally. PMID- 3917999 TI - Restoration of vegetative penicillin-binding proteins during germination and outgrowth of Bacillus subtilis spores: relationship of individual proteins to specific cell cycle events. AB - The order in which the vegetative penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) are first synthesized and the rate of their return to normal levels during germination and outgrowth of Bacillus subtilis spores were determined. The rate of synthesis of most of the PBPs was much faster than that of the majority of other membrane proteins, which is consistent with the involvement of PBPs in biosynthesis of the rapidly expanding peptidoglycan. The pattern of PBP changes that occurred during the cell cycle, including sporulation, suggests a likely role for PBP 2A in cell elongation and a unique requirement for PBP 2B during both symmetric and asymmetric septum formation. PBP 3 is the only PBP that appears to be equally necessary for vegetative and cortical peptidoglycan synthesis. PMID- 3918000 TI - Cloning of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa phosphomannose isomerase genes and their expression in alginate-negative mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - The phosphomannose isomerase (pmi) gene of Escherichia coli was cloned on a broad host-range cosmid vector and expressed in Pseudomonas aeruginosa at a low level. Plasmid pAD3, which harbors the E. coli pmi gene, contains a 6.2-kilobase-pair HindIII fragment derived from the chromosome of E. coli. Subcloning produced plasmids carrying the 1.5-kilobase-pair HindIII-HpaI subfragment of pAD3 that restored alginic acid production in a nonmucoid, alginate-negative mutant of P. aeruginosa. This fragment also complemented mannose-negative, phosphomannose isomerase-negative mutants of E. coli and showed no homology by DNA-DNA hybridization to P. aeruginosa chromosomal DNA. By using a BamHI constructed cosmid clone bank of the stable alginate producing strain 8830, we have been able to isolate a recombinant plasmid of P. aeruginosa origin that also restores alginate production in the alginate-negative mutant. This new recombinant plasmid, designated pAD4, contained a 9.9-kilobase-pair EcoRI-BamHI fragment with the ability to restore alginate synthesis in the alginate-negative P. aeruginosa. This fragment showed no homology to E. coli chromosomal DNA or to plasmid pAD3. Both mucoid and nonmucoid strains of P. aeruginosa had no detectable levels of phosphomannose isomerase activity as measured by mannose 6-phosphate-to-fructose 6-phosphate conversion. However, P. aeruginosa strains harboring the cloned pmi gene of E. coli contained measurable levels of phosphomannose isomerase activity as evidenced by examining the conversion of mannose 6-phosphate to fructose 6 phosphate. PMID- 3918001 TI - A mutation in Escherichia coli K-12 results in a requirement for thiamine and a decrease in L-serine deaminase activity. AB - Mutants of Escherichia coli K-12 deficient in L-serine deaminase (L-SD) activity have been isolated. These strains required thiamine and grew normally when it was provided. The decrease in L-SD activity caused no obvious metabolic deficiency. A study of revertants and transductants showed that a single mutation was responsible for the thiamine requirement and for the decrease in L-SD activity. PMID- 3918002 TI - Structure of the linkage units between ribitol teichoic acids and peptidoglycan. AB - The structure of the linkage regions between ribitol teichoic acids and peptidoglycan in the cell walls of Staphylococcus aureus H and 209P and Bacillus subtilis W23 and AHU 1390 was studied. Teichoic acid-linked saccharide preparations obtained from the cell walls by heating at pH 2.5 contained mannosamine and glycerol in small amounts. On mild alkali treatment, each teichoic acid-linked saccharide preparation was split into a disaccharide identified as N-acetylmannosaminyl beta(1----4)N-acetylglucosamine and the ribitol teichoic acid moiety that contained glycerol residues. The Smith degradation of reduced samples of the teichoic acid-linked saccharide preparations from S. aureus and B. subtilis gave fragments characterized as 1,2 ethylenediol phosphate-(glycerolphosphate)3-N-acetylmannosaminyl beta(1----4)N- acetylxylosaminitol and 1,2-ethylenediolphosphate-(glycerol phosphate)2-N acetylmannosaminyl beta(1----4)N-acetylxylosaminitol, respectively. The binding of the disaccharide unit to peptidoglycan was confirmed by the analysis of linkage-unit-bound glycopeptides obtained from NaIO4 oxidation of teichoic acid glycopeptide complexes. Mild alkali treatment of the linkage-unit-bound glycopeptides yielded disaccharide-linked glycopeptides, which gave the disaccharide and phosphorylated glycopeptides on mild acid treatment. Thus, it is concluded that the ribitol teichoic acid chains in the cell walls of the strains of S. aureus and B. subtilis are linked to peptidoglycan through linkage units, (glycerol phosphate)3-N-acetylmannosaminyl beta(1----4)N-acetylglucosamine and (glycerol phosphate)2-N-acetylmannosaminyl beta(1----4)N-acetylglucosamine, respectively. PMID- 3918003 TI - DNA-directed in vitro synthesis and assembly of the form II D-ribulose-1,5 bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase from Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. AB - A biochemical analysis of the in vitro assembly of the form II ribulose-1,5 bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase from Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides after transcription and translation from cloned DNA is presented. The predominant enzymatically active oligomeric forms of the in vitro-synthesized and -assembled ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase are tetramers and hexamers. Assembly of the monomeric subunits to form active enzyme appears to be dependent on the presence of a minimum number of subunits in the cell extract. Assembly of ribulose-1,5 bisphosphate carboxylase also was observed when the protein-synthesizing extracts were prepared from cells which were partially derepressed for ribulose-1,5 bisphosphate carboxylase expression. PMID- 3918004 TI - Transport of AMP by Rickettsia prowazekii. AB - Rickettsia prowazekii possesses an exchange transport system for AMP. Chromatographic analysis of the rickettsiae demonstrated that transported AMP appeared intracellularly as AMP, ADP, and ATP, and no hydrolytic products appeared in either the intracellular or extracellular compartments. The phosphorylation of AMP to ADP and ATP was prevented by pretreatment of the cells with 1 mM N-ethylmaleimide without inhibiting the transport of AMP. Although no efflux was demonstrable in the absence of nucleotide in the medium, the intracellular adenine nucleotide pool could be exchanged with external unlabeled adenine nucleotides. Both ADP and ATP were as effective as AMP at inhibiting the uptake of [3H]AMP. Although this transport system was inhibited by low temperature (0 degrees C) and partially inhibited by the protonophore carbonyl cyanide-m-chlorophenyl hydrazone (1 mM), it was relatively insensitive to KCN (1 mM). The uptake of AMP at 34 degrees C had an apparent Kt for influx of 0.4 mM and a Vmax of 354 pmol min-1 per mg. At 0 degrees C there was a very rapid and unsaturable association of AMP with these organisms. Correction of the uptake data at 34 degrees C for the 0 degrees C component lowered the apparent Kt to 0.15 mM. Both magnesium and phosphate ions are required for optimal transport activity. Chemical measurements of the total intracellular nucleotide pools demonstrated that this system was not a net adenine nucleotide transport system, but that uptake of AMP was the result of an exchange with internal adenine nucleotides. PMID- 3918005 TI - Synthesis of sigma 29, an RNA polymerase specificity determinant, is a developmentally regulated event in Bacillus subtilis. AB - Using an immunological probe, we have determined that the synthesis of the Bacillus subtilis RNA polymerase promoter specificity determinant sigma 29 is a developmentally regulated event. sigma 29 is absent from vegetatively growing cells but is abundant in sporulating cells for a restricted (2-h) period during differentiation (hour 2 to hour 4 into the sporeforming process). The narrowness of this period suggests that sigma 29 is a regulatory factor that directs the transcription of a subpopulation of genes at a precise, intermediate stage of spore formation. This view predicts that sigma 29 should be dispensable for early sporulation events. We verified this prediction by an analysis of sigma 29 accumulation in mutants that are blocked at different stages of sporulation in which we show that cells can advance to at least an intermediate point in development (stage III) in the absence of detectable sigma 29. Lastly, our anti sigma 29 antibody probe detected a second, previously unrecognized protein in Bacillus cell extracts that may be a precursor to sigma 29. This protein, P31 (molecular weight, 31,000) is synthesized earlier in sporulation than is sigma 29. It has a peptide profile that is similar to sigma 29 and is present in all Bacillus subtilis Spo- mutants that were tested and found to still be able to accumulate sigma 29. PMID- 3918006 TI - Isolation and characterization of antisuppressor mutations in Escherichia coli. AB - Nonsense mutations in lacI have been shown to be useful as indicators of the efficiency of nonsense suppression. From strains containing supE and a lacI nonsense mutation, selection for LacI- mutants has resulted in the isolation of four antisuppressor mutations. Tn10 insertions linked to these mutations were isolated and used to group the four mutations into three loci. The asuA1 and asuA2 mutations are linked to trp, reduce suppression by supE approximately twofold, and affect a variety of suppressors. The asuB3 mutation was mapped by P1 cotransduction to rpsL but does not confer resistance to streptomycin. The asuC4 mutation reduced suppression by supE by 95% and was shown biochemically to result in the loss of two pseudouridine modifications from the 3' side of the anticodon stem and loop of tRNA2Gln. This mutation is linked to purF, suggesting that it is a new allele of hisT. PMID- 3918007 TI - Isolation and properties of beta-glucosidase from Ruminococcus albus. AB - An enzyme active against p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucoside was purified from logarithmic-phase cells of Ruminococcus albus cultivated in a medium containing ball-milled cellulose. The purification yielded homogeneous enzyme after an approximately 520-fold increase in specific activity and a 9% yield. The enzyme was identified as a beta-glucosidase because it can hydrolyze cellobiose and cellooligosaccharides to glucose from the nonreducing ends. PMID- 3918009 TI - Mapping of a mutation affecting regulation of iron uptake systems in Escherichia coli K-12. AB - The site of a mutation resulting in constitutive derepression of iron uptake systems has been localized at 15.7 min on the genetic map of Escherichia coli K 12. PMID- 3918008 TI - Fermentation mechanism of fucose and rhamnose in Salmonella typhimurium and Klebsiella pneumoniae. AB - An equimolar amount of 1,2-propanediol was detected in the medium when Salmonella typhimurium or Klebsiella pneumoniae fermented L-fucose or L-rhamnose. These metabolic conditions induced a propanediol oxidoreductase that converted the lactaldehyde formed in the dissimilation of either sugar into the diol. The enzyme was further identified by cross-reaction with antibodies against Escherichia coli propanediol oxidoreductase. This indicates that L-fucose and L rhamnose fermentation takes place in these species by 1,2-propanediol production and excretion. PMID- 3918010 TI - Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase activity is essential for synthesis of alginate from glucose by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - We have isolated a mutant of Pseudomonas aeruginosa deficient in fructose 1,6 bisphosphate aldolase activity. This mutant, similar to the mutants deficient in any of the Entner-Doudoroff pathway enzymes, does not allow appreciable alginate formation from glucose and gluconate, but allows alginate synthesis from mannitol and fructose. This suggests that glucose and gluconate must be converted to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate via the Entner-Doudoroff pathway enzymes and fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase. PMID- 3918011 TI - Evidence for an internal promoter in the Escherichia coli threonine operon. AB - We constructed plasmids carrying the two first genes of the threonine operon from which the major promoter was deleted in vitro by digestion with BAL 31 nuclease. These plasmids continued to express the second gene (thrB) of the operon as judged by their ability to complement a threonine auxotroph. These data indicate that, in addition to the major promoter thrP, there was an internal promoter, thrBp, which could be used for the transcription of the thrB, the second gene of the operon. Additional evidence was given by subcloning a 230-base-pair segment of the operon in a plasmid suitable for detection of translation initiation signals and promoters. The thrBp promoter was thus shown to lie within a 61-base pair fragment at the 3' end of the first gene, thrA, of the threonine operon. PMID- 3918012 TI - Biosynthesis of novel acidic phospholipid analogs in Escherichia coli. AB - When cultured in the presence of 600 mM D-mannitol, Escherichia coli K-12 cells synthesized two novel phospholipids. The identities of these compounds are postulated to be phosphatidylmannitol and diphosphatidylmannitol, the sugar alcohol analogs of phosphatidylglycerol and cardiolipin, respectively. The nonacylated glycerol moieties of the normal acidic phospholipids were substituted by D-mannitol. The formation of the analogs was significantly enhanced when strains harboring the pss-1 allele, a temperature-sensitive mutation in phosphatidylserine synthase (Ohta and Shibuya, J. Bacteriol. 132:434-443, 1977), were grown at 42 degrees C, and the accumulation of the analogs was maximum in late stationary phase; more than 90% of the total cellular lipids were these novel phospholipids. Strains with a defective cardiolipin synthase (Pluschke et al., J. Biol. Chem. 253:5048-5055, 1978) failed to form the analog lipids, whereas cells with increased cardiolipin synthase activity due to the presence of a pBR322-derived recombinant plasmid containing the structural gene for cardiolipin synthase produced more mannitol lipids than wild-type strains. These observations and the structures of the analog lipids indicated that cardiolipin synthase participates in the formation of these novel phospholipids. We suggest that reversible alcoholysis and condensation, in addition to low substrate specificity of the enzyme, are the mechanisms involved in this process. Addition to the medium of other straight-chain alditols, D-arabitol, ribitol, xylitol, erythritol, and L-threitol also yielded pairs of novel phospholipids, whereas sorbitol or galactitol produced only one analog in small quantities. These acidic phospholipid analogs have not been reported in any living system. They should be useful in the study of structure-function relationships of phospholipids and in manipulating the structures of various membrane systems. PMID- 3918014 TI - Isolation of Bacillus subtilis mutants altered in expression of a gene transcribed in vitro by a minor form of RNA polymerase (E-sigma 37). AB - To develop a technique for identifying Bacillus subtilis genes whose products affect transcription from promoters recognized by sigma 37-containing RNA polymerase (E-sigma 37), we cloned the promoter region of a gene (ctc) that is actively transcribed in vitro by E-sigma 37 into a plasmid (pPL603B) so that a transcriptional fusion was created between ctc and a plasmid-borne chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene. CAT levels in B. subtilis carrying the ctc/CAT fusion plasmid varied in a manner that was consistent with the known pattern of ctc RNA synthesis. Mutagenesis of cells harboring the ctc/CAT plasmid led to the isolation of bacterial clones which displayed altered chloramphenicol resistance. Analysis of the mutants demonstrated that CAT activity was substantially changed in the mutant cells. Several of the B. subtilis mutants, both CAT overproducers and underproducers, also had acquired a sporulation deficient phenotype. The mutations responsible for altered CAT expression were not carried on the plasmid. Analysis of RNA synthesized by mutant cells indicates that at least a portion of the mutants may be altered in the level of transcription from the ctc promoter and, hence, are likely to define B. subtilis genes which influence this process. PMID- 3918013 TI - Confocal scanning light microscopy of the Escherichia coli nucleoid: comparison with phase-contrast and electron microscope images. AB - The nucleoid of living and OsO4- or glutaraldehyde-fixed cells of Escherichia coli strains was studied with a phase-contrast microscope, a confocal scanning light microscope, and an electron microscope. The trustworthiness of the images obtained with the confocal scanning light microscope was investigated by comparison with phase-contrast micrographs and reconstructions based on serially sectioned material of DNA-containing and DNA-less cells. This comparison showed higher resolution of the confocal scanning light microscope as compared with the phase-contrast microscope, and agreement with results obtained with the electron microscope. The effects of fixation on the structure of the nucleoid were studied in E. coli B/r H266. Confocal scanning light micrographs and electron microscopic reconstructions showed that the shape of the nucleoid remained similar after OsO4 or glutaraldehyde fixation; however, the OsO4 nucleoid appeared to be somewhat smaller and more centralized within the cell. PMID- 3918015 TI - Transfer of plasmid RP4 to Myxococcus xanthus and evidence for its integration into the chromosome. AB - The broad-host-range plasmid RP4 and its derivative R68.45 were transferred to Myxococcus xanthus DK101 and DZ1; RP4 was maintained integrated in the chromosome. Loss of plasmid markers occurred during the growth of the transconjugants, which could be prevented by selective pressure with oxytetracycline. The integrated plasmid was transferred back to Escherichia coli often as RP4-prime plasmids carrying various segments of the M. xanthus chromosome. It also mediated chromosomal transfer between M. xanthus strains. PMID- 3918016 TI - Sequence analysis of the spo0B locus reveals a polycistronic transcription unit. AB - A 2.3-kilobase pair EcoRI fragment containing the spo0B locus has been sequenced. The spo0B locus was shown to code for a protein of 22,542 daltons. Promoter distal to the spo0B locus, an open reading frame was uncovered which was preceded by a strong ribosome-binding site. S1 nuclease protection experiments revealed that both the spo0B locus and this open reading frame were part of the same transcript. A portion of the middle of the open reading frame was cloned in the integrative vector pJH101. Transformation of this plasmid into Bacillus subtilis 168 was only rarely successful, and those few colonies that arose consisted of cells that had lost the plasmid. The results suggested that the product of this open reading frame is essential for the growth of the bacterium. The regulation of the spo0B locus was studied by using translational spo0B-lacZ fusions in an integrative vector. These studies revealed that the spo0B locus was maximally expressed during vegetative growth. It was estimated that 50 to 100 copies of the protein are present during this period. Sequence analysis of the region upstream from the spo0B locus revealed another operon that contained a gene coding for a protein homologous to ribosomal protein L27 of Escherichia coli. PMID- 3918017 TI - Nucleotide sequence of the extracellular glucoamylase gene STA1 in the yeast Saccharomyces diastaticus. AB - The complete nucleotide sequence of the extracellular glucoamylase gene STA1 from the yeast Saccharomyces diastaticus has been determined. A single open reading frame codes for a 778-amino-acid protein which contains 13 potential N glycosylation sites. In the 5'- and 3'-flanking regions of the gene, there are striking sequence homologies to the corresponding regions of ADH1 for alcohol dehydrogenase and MAT alpha 2 for mating type control in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The putative precursor begins with a hydrophobic segment that presumably acts as a signal sequence for secretion. The presumptive signal sequence showed a significant homology to that of Bacillus subtilis alpha-amylase precursor. The next segment, of ca. 320 amino acids, contains a threonine-rich tract in which direct repeat sequences of 35 amino acids exist, and is bordered by a pair of basic amino acid residues (Lys-Lys) which may be a proteolytic processing signal. The carboxy-terminal half of the precursor is a presumptive glucoamylase which contains several peptide segments showing a high degree of homology with alpha-amylases from widely diverse organisms including a procaryote (B. subtilis) and eucaryotes (Aspergillus oryzae and mouse). Analysis of both the nucleotide sequence of the STA1 gene and the amino acid composition of the purified glucoamylase suggested that the putative precursor is processed to yield subunits H and Y of mature enzyme by both trypsin-like and chymotrypsin-like cleavages. PMID- 3918018 TI - Polymorphic extracellular glucoamylase genes and their evolutionary origin in the yeast Saccharomyces diastaticus. AB - DNA coding for extracellular glucoamylase genes STA1 and STA3 was isolated from DNA libraries of two Saccharomyces diastaticus strains, each carrying STA1 or STA3. Cells transformed with a plasmid carrying either the STA1 or STA3 gene secreted glucoamylases having the same enzymatic and immunological properties and the same electrophoretic mobilities in acrylamide gel electrophoresis as those of authentic glucoamylases. Southern blot analysis of genomic DNA from S. diastaticus and a glucoamylase-non-secreting yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, revealed that the STA1 and STA3 loci of S. diastaticus showed a high degree of homology, and that both yeast species (S. diastaticus and S. cerevisiae) contained DNA segments highly homologous to those of the extracellular glucoamylase genes. Restriction maps of the homologous DNA segments suggested that the extracellular glucoamylase genes of S. diastaticus may have arisen from recombination among the resident DNA segments in S. cerevisiae. PMID- 3918019 TI - Amplification of a major membrane-bound DNA sequence of Bacillus subtilis. AB - A membrane-bound DNA sequence from Bacillus subtilis was subcloned into a plasmid which can replicate in Escherichia coli but not in B. subtilis. This plasmid hybridized with an 11-kilobase HindIII fragment which is the major particle-bound fragment in lysates treated with HindIII. The plasmid integrated into the B. subtilis chromosome at the region of homology, conferring chloramphenicol resistance on the recipient. The inserted resistance was mapped close to purA by using the generalized transducing phage AR9. In one chloramphenicol-resistant strain, the pMS31 region was repeated at least 20 times. A large proportion of the copies of the cloned region were present in the particle fraction, indicating that the capacity to bind this region of the chromosome was substantially in excess of the normal dose of the region. The structure of the particle-bound region was sensitive to ionic detergents and high salt concentrations but was not greatly affected by RNase or ethidium bromide. The basis of a specific DNA membrane interaction can now be studied by using the amplified region, without the complications of sequences required for autonomous plasmid replication. PMID- 3918020 TI - Correlation between degradation and ultrastructure of peptidoglycan during autolysis of Escherichia coli. AB - The kinetics of peptidoglycan degradation were examined under different conditions of autolysis of Escherichia coli. With cephaloridine- or moenomycin induced autolysis, degradation did not exceed 25 to 35%, whereas in EDTA-induced autolysis it rapidly reached 65 to 70%. When nonautolyzing cells were fixed overnight with glutaraldehyde, followed by an osmium fixation, and thin sections were stained by the phosphotungstic acid method, a dark, 15-nm-thick layer of uniform appearance and constant width occupied the whole area between the inner and outer membranes of the envelope. The stained material was tentatively identified with peptidoglycan. Ultrastructural changes in this phosphotungstic acid-stained periplasmic space were investigated at different time intervals after induction of autolysis. In all cases, breakdown proceeded over the whole cell surface. During antibiotic-induced autolysis a progressive thinning down limited to the inner side of the layer was observed. During EDTA-induced autolysis, the rapid decrease in thickness correlated well with the important loss of material labeled with [3H]diaminopimelic acid. Considering these changes and the insufficient amounts of peptidoglycan (1.3 U/nm2) necessary to account for a regularly structured polymer occupying the whole 15-nm layer, it was speculated that peptidoglycan might be unevenly distributed throughout the periplasmic space. PMID- 3918022 TI - Oxygen regulation in Salmonella typhimurium. AB - Regulation by oxygen of the peptidase T (pepT) locus of Salmonella typhimurium was studied by measuring beta-galactosidase levels in strains containing a pepT::Mu d1(Apr lac) operon fusion. beta-Galactosidase was induced in anaerobic cultures and late-exponential and stationary-phase aerated cultures. Peptidase T activity also was induced under these growth conditions. pepT+ but not pepT strains will utilize as amino acid sources the tripeptides Leu-Leu-Leu and Leu Gly-Gly only when grown anaerobically. Mutations at two loci, oxrA and oxrB (oxygen regulation) prevent induction of the pepT locus. The oxrA locus is homologous to the fnr locus of Escherichia coli. We have isolated 12 independent Mu d1 insertions (oxd::Mu d1, oxygen dependent) that show induction of beta galactosidase in anaerobic cultures and stationary-phase aerated cultures. These insertions fall into nine classes based on map location. All of the oxd::Mu d1 insertions are regulated by oxrA and oxrB and therefore define a global regulon that responds to oxygen limitation. PMID- 3918021 TI - Induction of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene cat-86 through the action of the ribosomal antibiotic amicetin: involvement of a Bacillus subtilis ribosomal component in cat induction. AB - The plasmid gene cat-86 and the cat gene resident on pC194 each encode chloramphenicol-inducible chloramphenicol acetyltransferase activity in Bacillus subtilis. Chloramphenicol induction has been proposed to result from chloramphenicol binding to ribosomes, which then permits the drug-modified ribosomes to perform events essential to induction. If this proposal were correct, B. subtilis mutants containing chloramphenicol-insensitive ribosomes should not permit chloramphenicol induction of either cat-86 or pC194 cat. However, we and others have been unable to isolate chloramphenicol-resistant ribosomal mutants of B. subtilis 168. We therefore developed a simple procedure for screening other antibiotics for the potential to induce cat-86 expression. One antibiotic, amicetin, was found to be an effective inducer of cat-86 but not of the cat gene on pC194. Amicetin and chloramphenicol each interact with the 50S ribosomal subunit, and the mechanism of cat-86 induction by both drugs may be similar. Amicetin-resistant mutants of B. subtilis were readily isolated, and in none of six mutants tested was cat-86 detectably inducible by amicetin, although the chloramphenicol-inducible phenotype was retained. The ami-1 mutation which is present in one of these amicetin-resistant mutants was mapped by PBS1 transduction to the "ribosomal gene cluster" adjacent to cysA. Additionally, ribosomes from cells harboring the ami-1 mutation contained an altered BL12a protein, as detected in two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Lastly, an in vitro protein-synthesizing system that uses ribosomes from an ami-1 containing cell line was more resistant to amicetin than a system that uses ribosomes from an amicetin-sensitive but otherwise isogenic strain. These results indicate that the host mutation, ami-1, which effectively abolished the inducibility of cat-86 by amicetin, altered a ribosomal component. PMID- 3918023 TI - Evidence that the 5' end of lac mRNA starts to decay as soon as it is synthesized. AB - By monitoring the decay of the first 16% of the beta-galactosidase message, we showed that the 5' end started to decay before the 3' end was completed and at a rate equivalent to that of the whole molecule. Thus, decay was neither from 3' to 5' nor from random internal fragmentation but rather proceeded in a net 5' to 3' direction. PMID- 3918024 TI - Accuracy and safety of a priori lithium loading. AB - A 30 mg/kg loading dose of slow-release lithium carbonate (Lithobid) was given in three divided doses to 38 patients to evaluate the accuracy and safety of achieving a therapeutic level in 12 hours. No patient experienced any adverse effects during the loading procedure or in the 12 hours after loading was completed. Prediction error (actual minus predicted level) for males was -0.11 mEq/L +/- 0.03 (SEM) with a mean absolute error of 0.16 mEq/L +/- 0.09 (SEM). Prediction error for females was -0.04 mEq/L +/- 0.07 (SEM) with a mean absolute error of 0.28 mEq/L +/- 0.14 (SEM). Lithium loading is safe and slightly overestimates the level actually achieved, except in obese females. PMID- 3918025 TI - Lipid-protein interaction at solid-water interface. Adsorption of human apo-high density lipoprotein to amphiphilic interfaces. AB - Hydrophobic glass beads with well characterized physical properties were used as a model system to study at the amphiphilic interface the properties of apolipoproteins A-I and A-II from human serum high density lipoproteins. In this study, spherical glass beads with known diameter were coated covalently with a film of silicone to varying surface density. The decrease in surface tension induced by coating was directly related to the increase in silicone film density and likely to the hydrophobicity of the glass surface. The adsorption of apo-A-I and apo-A-II to the hydrophobic glass bead surface was determined by following the decrease of 1) the radioactivity of preparations of 125I-iodinated proteins from the solution, 2) the UV absorbance of the solution at 206 nm, and 3) the fluorescence emitted by the complex formed between free protein and Fluram II in solution. All of the three measurements gave identical results. Both proteins adsorbed rapidly and reversibly to the hydrophobic glass surface. The adsorption isotherms followed the Langmuir equation with apo-A-II showing a higher surface affinity; delta Gaff = RT ln Kd has a value of -9.1 kcal/mol and -10.5 kcal/mol for apo A-I and apo A-II, respectively. The addition of canine serum high density lipoprotein (HDL) to the above system caused a rapid desorption of apolipoproteins from the beads into the aqueous phase and adsorption onto the HDL surface with no detectable structural changes of this lipoprotein. The results indicate that apo-A-I and apo-A-II can reversibly be adsorbed at a solid hydrophobic surface and that these apoproteins are capable of moving into a HDL particle if added to the system via a solution phase. The data suggest that the rate limiting aspect of the desorption-adsorption processes is the concentration of the apoproteins in solution. PMID- 3918026 TI - Mitochondrial and extramitochondrial Ca2+ pools in the perfused rat liver. Mitochondria are not the origin of calcium mobilized by vasopressin. AB - A nondisruptive technique developed by Bellomo et al. (Bellomo, G., Jewell, S. A., Thor, H., and Orrenius, S. (1982) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 79, 6842 6846) has been used to examine the distribution of calcium ions between mitochondrial and extramitochondrial compartments in the perfused rat liver. The amount of calcium released by the uncoupler 2,4-dinitrophenol from the mitochondrial compartment was 19 +/- 2 nmol X g-1, wet weight, which is equivalent to a total calcium concentration of 3.5 X 10(-4) M in the mitochondria and is by several orders of magnitude smaller than the concentration thought to be present in these organelles. The amount of calcium released from the liver in the presence of the divalent cation ionophore A 23187 was 96 +/- 7 nmol X g-1, wet weight, which is of the same order of magnitude as the amount released by the calcium-dependent hormone vasopressin (97 +/- 11 nmol X g-1, wet weight). Experiments with different sequential combinations of hormone with uncoupler or ionophore reveal that in the perfused liver, in contrast to isolated hepatocytes or isolated mitochondria, the amount of calcium attributable to the mitochondria is too small to account for the calcium released during hormonal stimulation. Consequently extramitochondrial calcium stores are the main source of cellular calcium mobilized under this condition. In addition these findings imply that in the liver several mitochondrial enzymes, e.g. alpha-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase, can be effectively regulated by calcium and that the role of mitochondria in buffering the cytosolic free calcium in vivo has to be reconsidered. PMID- 3918027 TI - The effect of swainsonine and castanospermine on the sulfation of the oligosaccharide chains of N-linked glycoproteins. AB - MDCK (Madin-Darby canine kidney) cells infected with the NWS strain of influenza virus incorporate 35SO4 into complex types of oligosaccharides of the N-linked glycoproteins. On the other hand, when these virus-infected MDCK cells are incubated in the presence of swainsonine, an inhibitor of the processing mannosidase II, approximately 40-80% of the total [35S]glycopeptides were of the hybrid types of structures. Thus, these sulfated, hybrid types of glycopeptides were completely susceptible to digestion by endoglucosaminidase H, whereas the sulfated glycopeptides from infected cells incubated without swainsonine were completely resistant to endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H. When virus-infected MDCK cells were incubated in the presence of castanospermine, an inhibitor of the processing glucosidase I, the N-linked glycopeptides contained mostly oligosaccharide chains of the Glc3Man7-9GlcNAc2 types of structures, and these oligosaccharides were devoid of sulfate. Structural analysis of these abnormally processed oligosaccharides produced in the presence of swainsonine or castanospermine indicated that they differed principally in the processing of one oligosaccharide branch as indicated by the structures shown below. They also differed in that only the swainsonine-induced structures were sulfated. These data indicate that removal of glucose units and perhaps other processing steps are necessary before sulfate residues can be added. (Formula: see text). PMID- 3918028 TI - Type I procollagen N-proteinase from whole chick embryos. Cleavage of a homotrimer of pro-alpha 1(I) chains and the requirement for procollagen with a triple-helical conformation. AB - Procollagen N-proteinase, the enzyme which cleaves the NH2-terminal propeptides from type I procollagen, was purified over 15,000-fold from extracts of chick embryos by chromatography on columns of DEAE-cellulose, concanavalin A-agarose, heparin-agarose, pN-collagen-agarose, and a filtration gel. The purified enzyme had an apparent molecular weight of 320,000 as estimated by gel filtration and a pH optimum for activity of 7.4 to 9.0. The enzyme was inhibited by metal chelators and the thiol reagent dithiothreitol. Addition of calcium was required for maximal activity under the standard assay conditions, and the presence of calcium decreased thermal inactivation at 37 degrees C. The purified enzyme cleaved a homotrimer of pro-alpha 1(I) chains, an observation which indicated that the presence of pro-alpha 2(I) chain is not essential for the enzymic cleavage of NH2-terminal propeptides. Previous observations suggesting that the enzyme requires a substrate with a native conformation were explored further by reacting the enzyme with type I procollagen at different temperatures. Type I procollagen from chick embryo fibroblasts became resistant to cleavage at about 43 degrees C. Type I procollagen from human skin fibroblasts, which was previously shown to have a slightly lower thermal stability than chick embryo type I procollagen, became resistant to cleavage at temperatures that were about 2 degrees C lower. The results suggested that the enzyme is a sensitive probe for the three-dimensional structure of the NH2-terminal region of the procollagen molecule and that it requires the protein substrate to be triple helical. PMID- 3918029 TI - Evidence for a role of calmodulin in the regulation of prolactin gene expression. AB - Epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulates prolactin (PRL) gene expression in GH3 cells in a Ca2+-dependent manner (White, B. A., and Bancroft, F. C. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 4618-4622). The present report shows that the phenothiazine, calmidazolium (compound R 24571), blocks the ability of EGF plus Ca2+ to increase levels of PRL mRNA. Calmidazolium inhibition of this response is dose dependent in the range of 0.05-1.00 microM. Total inhibition of the response was consistently obtained at a level of calmidazolium (0.5 microM) that had no effect on total cytoplasmic RNA synthesis, total cytoplasmic protein synthesis, cell viability, or extent of EGF plus Ca2+-induced cell aggregation. The drug inhibited the increase in PRL mRNA when given immediately before or 48 h after treatment with EGF plus Ca2+. Another calmodulin inhibitor, W13, similarly blocked the ability of EGF plus Ca2+ to stimulate PRL mRNA, whereas the less active analog, W12, had little effect. These results implicate Ca2+-binding proteins such as calmodulin in the mechanism of action of EGF in GH3 cells, and, therefore, provide further evidence for a role of intracellular Ca2+ in the regulation of the expression of a specific eukaryotic gene, the PRL gene. PMID- 3918030 TI - Processing of Bacillus cereus 569/H beta-lactamase I in Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. AB - The gene for Bacillus cereus 569/H beta-lactamase I, penPC, has recently been cloned and sequenced (Mezes, P. S. F., Yang, Y. Q., Hussain, M., and Lampen, J. O. (1983) FEBS Lett. 161, 195-200). A typical prokaryotic signal peptide but with no lipoprotein modification site, as present in the Bacillus licheniformis 749/C beta-lactamase, was indicated by the DNA sequence for this secretory protein. We have here purified the beta-lactamase I products found in Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis carrying penPC and have determined the first 20 NH2-terminal amino acids of each of the forms. Processing of the beta-lactamase I in E. coli occurs at a single site which is characteristic for cleavage by a signal peptidase. B. subtilis secreted two distinct products to the culture medium which were both smaller than the single product formed in E. coli. Sequencing of [35S]Met-labeled pre-beta-lactamase I from phenylethyl alcohol-treated cells of B. cereus 569/H indicated that UUG is being utilized as the initiation codon for penPC. The same result was obtained for the pre-beta-lactamase I from similarly treated cells of the closely related B. cereus 5/B strain. PMID- 3918031 TI - Arachidonic acid inhibits thyrotropin-releasing hormone-induced elevation of cytoplasmic free calcium in GH3 pituitary cells. AB - We have shown that arachidonic acid stimulates 45Ca2+ efflux from prelabeled rat pituitary mammotropic (GH3) cells resuspended in "Ca2+-free" medium (Kolesnick, R. N., Mussachio, I., Thaw, C., and Gershengorn, M. C. (1984) Am. J. Physiol. 246, E458-E462). In this study, we further characterize the effects of arachidonic acid on Ca2+ homeostasis in GH3 cells and demonstrate its antagonism of changes induced by thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). At below 5 microM, arachidonic acid stimulated intracellular for extracellular Ca2+ exchange without affecting cell Ca2+ content. Above 5 microM, arachidonic acid decreased membrane bound Ca2+, as monitored by chlortetracycline, and decreased total cell 45Ca2+ content by depleting nonmitochondrial and mitochondrial pools. However, arachidonic acid did not elevate cytoplasmic free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i). Arachidonic acid inhibited TRH-induced 45Ca2+ efflux, loss of membrane-bound Ca2+, mobilization of nonmitochondrial Ca2+, and elevation of [Ca2+]i. Arachidonic acid also lowered elevated [Ca2+]i caused by release of mitochondrial Ca2+ with an uncoupler or by influx of extracellular Ca2+ stimulated with K+ depolarization. Hence, arachidonic acid stimulates Ca2+ extrusion from and depletes Ca2+ stores within GH3 cells. We suggest that arachidonic acid may be an important regulator of cellular Ca2+ homeostasis which may inhibit TRH-induced elevation of [Ca2+]i. PMID- 3918032 TI - Uptake of high-density lipoprotein-associated apoprotein A-I and cholesterol esters by 16 tissues of the rat in vivo and by adrenal cells and hepatocytes in vitro. AB - The uptake of high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-associated apolipoprotein A-I and cholesterol esters was estimated in 16 tissues of the rat using rat HDL doubly labeled with nondegradable tracers; covalently attached 125I-tyramine-cellobiose traced apo-A-I, and [3H]cholesteryl linoleyl ether traced cholesterol esters. Both labels remained associated with the HDL fraction in the plasma, adequately traced their unlabeled counterparts, and were well trapped at their sites of uptake. Cholesteryl ether was taken up at a greater fractional rate than apo-A-I by adrenal, ovary, and liver: 7-fold, 4-fold, and 2-fold greater, respectively. The rates of uptake of cholesteryl ether and apo-A-I were about equal in the other tissues (except kidney). The disproportionate uptake of HDL cholesteryl ether relative to HDL apo-A-I was also observed in primary cultures of rat adrenal cells and hepatocytes. Uptake of both moieties in both cell types showed saturability. Both the absolute rate of uptake of [3H]cholesteryl ether and the ratio of ether uptake to apo-A-I uptake were greater in adrenal cells than in hepatocytes, consonant with the in vivo observations. Very similar results were obtained using HDL biologically labeled with [3H]cholesterol esters. The disproportionate uptake of [3H]cholesteryl ether was not significantly decreased by depletion of apo-E from the HDL nor by reductive methylation of the apo-E to block its recognition by receptors. However, apo-A-I uptake was decreased, suggesting that apo-E mediates the uptake of particles containing apo-A-I but does not contribute to the disproportionate uptake of [3H]cholesteryl ether. PMID- 3918033 TI - Identification and characterization of a variant of the third component of complement (C3) in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) serum. AB - A rainbow trout serum protein that is cross-reactive with the third complement component of rainbow trout (C3-1) was purified to homogeneity and its structural and functional properties compared with those of C3-1. This protein (termed C3 related protein: C3-2) bears a close structural resemblance to C3-1, although C3 2 apparently shows no hemolytic activity. Like C3-1, C3-2 consists of two disulfide-linked polypeptide chains (128,000 alpha and 72,000 beta) and retains the unique thiol ester site in the alpha-chain. C3-2 shares some antigenicity with C3-1, but it also displays distinctive antigenic determinants of its own. Comparison of tryptic peptide maps revealed that about 20% of the peptides was specific to either C3-1 or C3-2, and about 80% of the peptides were common to both proteins. Amino acid compositions of the alpha- and beta-chains of C3-2 were similar to those of C3-1. Furthermore, amino acid sequence analysis of the NH2 termini of the alpha- and beta-chains of C3-2 revealed a high degree of homology with those of C3-1, 24 of 26 residues in the alpha-chain and all 20 in the beta chain of C3-2 were identical with those found in C3-1. Both C3-1 and C3-2 were detected in all the adult rainbow trout tested and in first generation offspring randomly bred from them. PMID- 3918034 TI - Pyridoxal(5')diphospho(1)-alpha-D-glucose. A potent R-state inhibitor of glycogen phosphorylase. AB - Pyridoxal(5')diphospho(1)-alpha-D-glucose has been tested as an inhibitor of native glycogen phosphorylases a and b. Its inhibition patterns with respect to substrate, glucose 1-phosphate, and activator, adenosine monophosphate, show it to be a potent (Ki = 40 microM) R-state inhibitor of phosphorylase b, mimicking the binding of glucose-1-phosphate, and, as predicted for an R-state inhibitor, its binding to AMP-activated phosphorylase a is even tighter (Ki = 10 microM). Moreover, it is demonstrated that its binding does not involve covalent imine formation from the pyridoxal aldehyde to an active-site lysine residue. It thus represents the tightest binding R-state inhibitor reported to date, and a 31P NMR study of the effects of binding of this inhibitor upon 31P resonances for the coenzyme phosphate and that of the nucleotide activator is presented. Results obtained are essentially identical to those obtained previously using glucose cyclic 1,2-phosphate, corroborating the previous conclusions. A rationale for the tightness of the binding is presented, as are other possible uses of this compound in studies on glycogen phosphorylase and other similar enzymes. PMID- 3918035 TI - Concerted metabolism of steroid hormones produced by cocultured ovarian cell types. AB - Ovaries of immature, intact rats were dispersed by collagenase-DNase treatment and cultured in serum-free medium (ovarian cell culture). The hormonal responsiveness of the ovarian cell was compared to that exhibited by pure granulosa cells isolated via needle puncturing. Surprisingly, despite the fact that the majority of the cultured cells should have been comprised of granulosa type, no follicle-stimulating hormone-inducible progesterone or 20 alpha-OH progesterone (20 alpha-OH-P) could be detected by radioimmunoassay, as typically occurs in cultures of pure granulosa cells. Therefore, in order to unravel the cause for the different responsiveness between the granulosa and the ovarian cell, we applied thin-layer chromatography analysis to follow the metabolic fate of added radioactive pregnenolone to intact monolayers in culture. Such TLC analysis revealed that, after priming with follicle-stimulating hormone, added [3H]pregnenolone was converted to progesterone which was rapidly reduced and finally accumulated as 5 alpha-pregnane-3 alpha,20 alpha-diol(pregnanediol). In addition to pregnanediol, a second class of steroid hormones accumulated in the coculture medium, namely androsterone and 5 alpha-pregnane-3 alpha,17 alpha,20 alpha-triol (pregnanetriol). These latter two were specific products of the ovarian coculture, indicating the presence of theca-interstitial cells bearing 17 alpha-hydroxylase and 17,20-lyase activities. Pregnanediol, rather than progesterone, was found to be the progestin precursor for androgen formation. We thus conclude that due to exchange of steroid metabolites between the cocultured cell types, the final steroid products are different by far from the expected contributions of each individually cultured cell type. Moreover, these findings reveal an additional aspect of the "two-cell theory," suggesting a granulosa thecal concerted metabolism of progestin steroids, rather than exchange of aromatizable androgens. PMID- 3918036 TI - Partition kinetics of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase from Rhodospirillum rubrum. AB - When the enzymatically generated intermediate 2-carboxy-3-keto-D-arabinitol-1,5 bisphosphate (II) was used as a substrate with fresh enzyme, 70% reacted to produce 3-phosphoglycerate (3PGA). When a reaction mixture of enzyme plus [1 32P]ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) was quenched in the steady state with the tightly bound inhibitor 2-carboxyarabinitol-1,5-bisphosphate, 30% of the enzyme bound species was released as 3PGA and 70% as RuBP. The major source for this partition was the ternary substrates Michaelis complex. The level of carboxylated intermediate in the steady state was determined to be 8% of active sites under the conditions of substrate saturation. No burst was seen in the appearance of product when 6.5 eq of [1-32P]RuBP was mixed with enzyme plus saturating CO2 and the reaction followed in the steady state. From these data plus the steady-state Vmax and Km of RuBP it is possible to derive the five bulk rate constants represented in the scheme ECO2 + RuBP in equilibrium ERuBPCO2 in equilibrium E X II----E + 2(3PGA). PMID- 3918037 TI - The metabolic transformations of columbinic acid and the effect of topical application of the major metabolites on rat skin. AB - The metabolism of columbinic acid by various fatty acid oxidizing enzyme systems was studied. A cyclooxygenase product, 9-hydroxy-(5E,10E,12Z)-octadecatrienoic acid, was formed nearly quantitatively by ram seminal vesicle microsomes and in small amounts by washed human platelets. The major lipoxygenase product from washed human platelets, soybean lipoxygenase, and neonatal rat epidermal homogenate was 13-hydroxy-(5E,9Z,11E)-octadecatrienoic acid, although lesser quantities of other isomers differing in the double bond configurations were also identified by ultraviolet spectrophotometry and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. Topical application of the major lipoxygenase product to paws of essential fatty acid-deficient rats resulted in nearly as complete resolution of the scaly dermatitis as did the application of columbinic acid itself; the cyclooxygenase product was not at all effective. PMID- 3918038 TI - Cell cycle-dependent changes in arachidonic acid and glycerol metabolism in Swiss 3T3 cells stimulated by platelet-derived growth factor. AB - Quiescent Swiss 3T3 cells stimulated to divide by human platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) were used to investigate cell cycle-dependent changes in arachidonic acid, stearic acid, and glycerol metabolism. PDGF at 12 ng/ml stimulated incorporation of labeled arachidonic and stearic acid into phosphatidic acid and phosphatidylinositol within 60 min. With similar kinetics PDGF stimulated glycerol incorporation into phosphatidic acid and phosphatidylinositol indicating early growth factor-dependent stimulation of de novo phosphatidylinositol synthesis. This early effect of PDGF was specific for the phosphatidylinositol synthesis pathway since no comparable changes were noted in other glycerolipids. After a lag of 4-6 h, PDGF strongly stimulated arachidonic acid incorporation into triacylglycerol: at 6 h, arachidonate radioactivity in triacylglycerol exceeded that in phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylinositol. This effect of PDGF was not associated with de novo triacylglycerol synthesis since no increase in the rate of glycerol incorporation into this lipid was noted. Finally, PDGF stimulated incorporation of glycerol into all major phospholipids and triacylglycerol during S-phase. These results disclose three novel effects of PDGF on glycerolipid metabolism in Swiss 3T3 cells: 1) early selective activation of the phosphatidylinositol synthesis pathway; 2) delayed strong stimulation of arachidonic acid incorporation into triacylglycerol; and 3) late induction of de novo phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and triacylglycerol synthesis. These PDGF effects are likely to play important roles in phosphatidylinositol metabolism, membrane biosynthesis, and fatty acid turnover in rapidly growing cells. PMID- 3918039 TI - Purification and properties of an ethanolamine-serine base exchange enzyme of rat brain microsomes. AB - The activity of an ethanolamine and serine base exchange enzyme of rat brain microsomes was copurified to near homogeneity. The purification sequence involved detergent solubilization, Sepharose 4B column chromatography, phenyl-Sepharose 4B column chromatography, glycerol gradient sedimentation, and agarose polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under non-denaturing conditions. The ratio of the ethanolamine and serine base exchange activities remained almost constant during purification, and both enzyme activities were enriched 25-fold over the initial microsomal suspension. The final enzyme preparation which contained both enzyme activities showed a single protein band on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel, having an apparent molecular mass of about 100 kDa. Serine inhibited the ethanolamine incorporation by this preparation and ethanolamine inhibited the serine incorporation. The competitive nature of this inhibition was apparent from Lineweaver-Burk plots, suggesting that the enzyme catalyzes the incorporation of both ethanolamine and serine into their corresponding phospholipids. The Km and Ki values for ethanolamine were quite similar, being 0.02 and 0.025 mM, respectively. The Km and Ki values for serine were also quite similar being 0.11 and 0.12 mM, respectively. The pH optimum was the same at 7.0 with both substrates. The optimum Ca2+ concentration was 8 mM for serine incorporation. PMID- 3918040 TI - N-Acetylneuraminic acid and N-glycolylneuraminic acid in the O-linked oligosaccharides of a tumor cell glycoprotein. Incorporation and distribution. AB - The MAT-B1 and MAT-C1 ascites sublines of the 13762 rat mammary adenocarcinoma, which differ in several cell surface properties, contain a major mucin-type glycoprotein, termed ASGP-1. The sialic acid content of MAT-C1 ASGP-1 is 2-3-fold greater than MAT-B1 ASGP-1 (Sherblom, A. P., Buck, R. L., and Carraway, K. L. (1980) J. Biol. Chem. 255, 783-790). Sialic acid analysis demonstrated that, whereas MAT-C1 ASGP-1 contained approximately equal amounts of N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuAc) and N-glycolylneuraminic acid (NeuGl), MAT-B1 ASGP-1 was devoid of NeuGl. MAT-B1 microsomes also did not contain NeuGl. MAT-B1 cells incubated with [3H]N-acetylmannosamine did not synthesize either labeled CMP-NeuGl or free NeuGl, even though the CMP-sialic acid synthetase was active with the substrate NeuGl. Thus, MAT-B1 cells may be deficient in the enzyme N-acetylneuraminate monooxygenase. The O-linked oligosaccharides from both MAT-B1 and MAT-C1 ASGP-1 have been shown to contain a core tetrasaccharide Gal(beta 1-4)GlcNAc(beta 1 6)(Gal(beta 1-3]GalNAc in which both galactose residues may be linked to additional sugars (Hull, S. R., Laine, R. A., Kaizu, T., Rodriquez, I., and Carraway, K. L. (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 4866-4877). The distribution of NeuAc and NeuGl between the two galactose termini of the core tetrasaccharide was examined for MAT-C1 ASGP-1. Oligosaccharides were released by alkaline borohydride treatment of MAT-C1 ASGP-1 which had been labeled with [14C]glucosamine and galactose oxidase/B3H4. Following fractionation by Bio-Gel P 4, DEAE-Sephadex, and high-performance liquid chromatography, oligosaccharides were analyzed for NeuAc and NeuGl and for susceptibility to digestion with beta galactosidase. Three disialylated oligosaccharides were identified containing 2 mol of NeuAc (5.5% recovery), 2 mol of NeuGl (4.5%), or 1 mol each of NeuAc and NeuGl (11.1%). For monosialylated oligosaccharides, NeuGl appeared preferentially associated with the Gal(beta 1-4)GlcNAc terminus (9.0%), whereas significant amounts of oligosaccharide containing NeuAc at both the Gal(beta 1-3)GalNAc (2.6%) and Gal(beta 1-4)GlcNAc (4.5%) termini were detected. Each of the major qualitative differences between MAT-B1 and MAT-C1 oligosaccharides, including the presence of NeuGl (MAT-C1), sulfate (MAT-B1), and alpha-linked galactose (MAT B1), occurs at the Gal(beta 1-4)GlcNAc terminus. PMID- 3918042 TI - The formation of aminopyrine cation radical by the peroxidase activity of prostaglandin H synthase and subsequent reactions of the radical. AB - The oxidation of aminopyrine to an aminopyrine cation radical was investigated using a solubilized microsomal preparation or prostaglandin H synthase purified from ram seminal vesicles. Aminopyrine was oxidized to an aminopyrine cation radical in the presence of arachidonic acid, hydrogen peroxide, t-butyl hydroperoxide or 15-hydroperoxyarachidonic acid. Highly purified prostaglandin H synthase, which processes both cyclo-oxygenase and hydroperoxidase activity, oxidized aminopyrine to the free radical. Purified prostaglandin H synthase reconstituted with Mn2+ protoporphyrin IX, which processes only cyclo-oxygenase activity, did not catalyze the formation of the aminopyrine free radical. Aminopyrine stimulated the reduction of 15-hydroperoxy-5,8,11,13-eicosatetraenoic acid to 15-hydroxy-5,8,11-13-eicosatetraenoic acid. Approximately 1 molecule of 15-hydroperoxy-5,8,11,13-eicosatetraenoic acid was reduced for every 2 molecules of aminopyrine free radical formed, giving a stoichiometry of 1:2. The decay of the aminopyrine radical obeyed second-order kinetics. These results support the proposed mechanism in which aminopyrine is oxidized by prostaglandin H synthase hydroperoxidase to the aminopyrine free radical, which then disproportionates to the iminium cation. The iminium cation is further hydrolyzed to the demethylated amine and formaldehyde. Glutathione reduced the aminopyrine radical to aminopyrine with the concomitant oxidation of GSH to its thiyl radical as detected by ESR of the glutathione thiyl radical adduct. PMID- 3918041 TI - Inactivation of platelet activating factor by rabbit platelets. Lyso-platelet activating factor as a key intermediate with phosphatidylcholine as the source of arachidonic acid in its conversion to a tetraenoic acylated product. AB - [3H]PAF (platelet activating factor or 1-alkyl-2-acetyl-GPC) is converted to 1 alkyl-2-lyso-GPC and 1-alkyl-2-acyl-GPC by rabbit platelets (GPC is sn-glycero-3 phosphocholine). The deacetylation reaction does not involve the transfer of the acetate of PAF to any other lipid class and added exogenous lyso-PAF readily mixes with the cellular pool of the [3H]lyso-PAF intermediate formed from [3H]PAF. [3H]1-Alkyl-2-acyl-GPC produced during the inactivation of [3H]PAF contained primarily the tetraenoic acyl species (approximately 80% of the 3H in this fraction). The source of the arachidonic acid used for the reacylation of the lyso-PAF intermediate is the diacyl species, phosphatidylcholine. PMID- 3918043 TI - The role of intramembrane Ca2+ in the hydrolysis of the phospholipids of Escherichia coli by Ca2+-dependent phospholipases. AB - Ca2+-dependent phospholipases A require Ca2+ concentrations in the millimolar range for optimal activity toward artificial substrates. Because Ca2+-dependent phospholipases A2 degrade the phospholipids of Escherichia coli, treated with the membrane-active antibiotic polymixin B equally well with and without added Ca2+ (Weiss, J., Beckerdite-Quagliata, S., and Elsbach, P. (1979) J. Biol. Chem. 254, 11010-11014), we have examined the possibility that intramembrane Ca2+ can provide the Ca2+ needed for phospholipase action. We studied the effect of Ca2+ depletion on the hydrolysis of the phospholipids of polymixin B-killed E. coli by 1) added pig pancreas phospholipase A2 in E. coli S17 (a phospholipase A-lacking mutant) and 2) endogenous Ca2+-dependent phospholipase A1 in the parent strain E. coli S15. Transfer of E. coli from nutrient broth (Ca2+ concentration approximately 3 X 10(-5) M) to Ca2+-depleted medium (Ca2+ concentration less than 10(-6)M) reduced polymixin B-induced hydrolysis by 50-75%, in parallel with a reduction of bacterial Ca2+ from 19.6 +/- 2.8 to 3.9 +/- 0.6 nmol (mean +/- standard error) per 3 X 10(10) bacteria. The bacterial Ca2+ content was repleted and the sensitivity of the bacterial phospholipids to hydrolysis by both exogenous phospholipase A2 (E. coli S17) and endogenous phospholipase A (E. coli S15) was restored by adding Ca2+ back to the suspensions. Complete restoration occurred at low Ca2+ levels in the reaction mixture (3 X 10(-5) - 10(-4) M) and required time, suggesting that hydrolysis was restored because bacterial Ca2+ stores were gradually replenished and not because extracellular Ca2+ concentrations were raised to levels that were still at least 10X lower than needed for optimal phospholipase A activity. This conclusion is supported by the finding that Ca2+ depletion or addition caused respectively decreased and increased release of lipopolysaccharides by EGTA (ethylene glycol bis(beta aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid), suggesting that the bacterial Ca2+ pool bound to lipopolysaccharides in the outer membrane shrinks or expands depending on extracellular Ca2+ levels. Thus, the cationic membrane-disruptive polymixin B, thought to compete with Mg2+ and Ca2+ for the same anionic sites on lipopolysaccharides, may liberate the Ca2+ near where the phospholipids are exposed to phospholipase. PMID- 3918044 TI - Use of active site-directed inhibitors to study in situ degradation of glycoproteins by the perfused rat liver. AB - Use was made of the asialoglycoprotein receptor system in a perfused rat liver in order to study lysosomal degradation and subsequent metabolism of radioactive derivatives of asialo-ovine submaxillary mucin and asialo-alpha 1-acid glycoprotein. A trace of N-acetyl-D-[6-3H]galactosamine-labeled asialo-ovine submaxillary (4 micrograms) was completely taken up by the tissue in less than 20 min. After 3 h 24% of the radioactivity from the mucin reappeared on newly synthesized serum glycoproteins that were secreted into the perfusate. [6-3H] Galactose asialo-alpha 1-acid glycoprotein was also rapidly cleared by the liver; however, after 3 h greater than 60% of the radioactivity derived from this sugar labeled glycoprotein was secreted back into the perfusate as [3H]glucose. Rat livers perfused with 0.15 mM beta-D-galactopyranosylmethyl-p-nitrophenyltriazene lost 90% of their beta-D-galactosidase activity within 1 h while other representative glycosidases showed no change as followed by hydrolysis of p nitrophenylglycosides. Livers pretreated with this triazene compound metabolized [3H]GalNAc asialo-ovine submaxillary mucin normally but were unable to process [3H]Gal asialo-alpha 1-acid glycoprotein as evidenced by a complete inhibition of [3H]glucose release following addition of the latter substrate. Metabolism of N acetyl[14C]glucosamine asialo-alpha 1-acid glycoprotein was similarly inhibited by 70%. 125I-labeled asialo-alpha 1-acid glycoprotein catabolism was not affected by the chemically induced beta-D-galactosidase deficiency. Subcellular fractionation of inhibitor-treated livers accumulating radioactive carbohydrate showed the majority of the label was associated with a fraction enriched in lysosomes. Analysis of the trapped radioactivity by high resolution Bio-Gel P-4 chromatography revealed nearly intact oligosaccharides minus only the reducing N acetylglucosamine of the chitobiose core. Direct comparison of these sugar chains with those isolated from human and canine GM1 gangliosidosis liver by silicic acid thin layer chromatography showed those isolated from rat liver to be identical to the major subset of oligosaccharides found in the human disease. In similar experiments in which the galactosyl triazene was replaced by swainsonine, an alpha-D-mannosidase inhibitor, catabolism of [14C]GlcNAc asialo-alpha 1-acid glycoprotein resulted in the accumulation of a single oligosaccharide of the structure. Man3[14C]GlcNAc1. These results demonstrate an endo-N-acetyl-beta-D glucosaminidase is active in rat liver lysosomes. PMID- 3918045 TI - Mitogen-independent activation of Na+/H+ exchange in human epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells: regulation by medium osmolarity. AB - Previous studies have documented the activation of Na+/H+ exchange in A431 cells by the addition of epidermal growth factor or serum (Rothenberg et al., 1983b). Here we show that exposure of A4 31 cells to medium of increased osmolarity also leads to activation of Na+/H+ exchange and to an increase in intracellular pH (pHi), which under a variety of conditions displays similar kinetics to that observed upon addition of mitogens to the cells. Measurements of cell volume using the 3-0-methylglucose equilibration technique clearly show that mitogens do not activate Na+/H+ exchange by an osmotic mechanism (i.e., a decrease in cell volume). In fact, mitogens can induce further intracellular alkalinization if added to cells which have been shrunken in hypertonic medium. Activation of the Na+/H+ antiport does not lead to an obligatory change in pHi. Addition of epidermal growth factor of hypertonic solution to A431 cells in bicarbonate buffer activates Na+/H+ exchange without a concomitant increase in pHi. Under these conditions the increased proton efflux via Na+/H+ exchange must therefore be compensated by other mechanisms that control cytoplasmic pH. PMID- 3918046 TI - The osmotic response of human erythrocytes and the membrane cytoskeleton. AB - The volumes of human erythrocytes suspended in solutions of varying concentrations of sodium chloride and sucrose were measured by a Coulter Channelyzer Model H4 with appropriate corrections. The cells showed greatly restricted volume changes at osmolarities between 200-700 mOsm. At osmolarities outside this limit, on the other hand, the cells showed nonrestricted volume changes following essentially the predictions of an ideal osmometer. This unexpected volume response was not spuriously due to changes in shape or to a changing orientation of the cells as they traversed the aperture. The restricted volume change observed was abolished when the cells had previously been treated with diamide or had been heated for 60 minutes at 50 degrees C, conditions that are known to disturb the spectrin-actin network. The possibility must be considered that the osmotic behavior of human erythrocytes may be nonideal and that this nonideal behavior is primarily due to mechanical restriction provided by the spectrin-actin network of the membrane cytoskeleton. PMID- 3918048 TI - Candidiasis and depression. PMID- 3918047 TI - Requirement of spermidine for induction of both heme synthesis and globin transcription in murine erythroleukemia cells. AB - We have previously demonstrated that spermidine is required for proliferation and differentiation of murine Friend erythroleukemia (MEL) cells. Other studies have indicated that inhibition of MEL differentiation by dexamethasone (DEX) and 12-0 tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) is reversed by the addition of exogenous polyamines. The present work has thus monitored the requirements of polyamines for induction of MEL hemoglobin synthesis by dimethyl sulfoxide. The results demonstrate that spermidine depletion inhibits induction of both heme synthesis and transcription of alpha- and beta-globin mRNA. In contrast, the results also demonstrate that polyamines are not involved in the inhibition of MEL differentiation by DEX and TPA. Thus, spermidine is required at a transcription level for induction of MEL hemoglobin synthesis, but DEX and TPA act by mechanisms other than polyamine depletion. PMID- 3918049 TI - Fever, seizures in a full-term newborn. PMID- 3918050 TI - Carotid sinus massage. PMID- 3918051 TI - Chronic pancreatitis and exocrine insufficiency. PMID- 3918052 TI - When to leave well enough alone--two cases. PMID- 3918053 TI - The dog that bit the hand that led it. PMID- 3918054 TI - Unmasking clinical depression. PMID- 3918055 TI - Generalized bleeding. Interpreting clinical findings. PMID- 3918057 TI - A new medical genetics series. PMID- 3918056 TI - A 30-year history of respiratory problems. PMID- 3918058 TI - Proposed: cardiac catheterization should be routine after acute myocardial infarction to evaluate prognosis and plan therapy. PMID- 3918059 TI - No ideas but in things. PMID- 3918060 TI - Cimetidine effects and side effects. PMID- 3918061 TI - A young Chinese man with severe weakness. PMID- 3918062 TI - A 16-week-old fetus with severe hydrops. PMID- 3918063 TI - A young woman with muscle cramps and periodontal disease. PMID- 3918064 TI - Hypnosis and the management of pain. PMID- 3918065 TI - Irregular tachycardia with wide complexes. PMID- 3918066 TI - The nature of mutation. PMID- 3918068 TI - Cholestasis: medical or surgical? PMID- 3918067 TI - Ocular manifestations of connective tissue disease. PMID- 3918069 TI - Menopausal hormone replacement. PMID- 3918070 TI - The super-marvel (and other marvelous instruments). PMID- 3918071 TI - Bilirubin metabolism and congenital jaundice. PMID- 3918073 TI - Comparison of the effect of refrigerated versus room temperature media on the isolation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae from genital specimens. AB - We evaluated the effect of medium temperature at the time of inoculation on the isolation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae from urethral and cervical swabs. There were no major differences in the isolation rates of 176 positive cultures on cold or warm media. Colonies tended to be larger and more numerous on room temperature plates after 24 h; however, colonies on most refrigerated plates were easily recognized at 24 h, and growth was essentially the same on both plates after 48 h. PMID- 3918072 TI - Rapid microimmunodiffusion method with species-specific antiserum raised to purified antigen for identification of Vibrio vulnificus. AB - An antigen common to Vibrio vulnificus strains, designated VVA, was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel filtration, ion-exchange column chromatography, and preparative gel electrophoresis. The molecular weight of VVA was 64,000 when estimated by gel filtration and 40,000 when measured by denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Antiserum prepared against purified VVA (anti-VVA serum) did not agglutinate whole cells of V. vulnificus. Therefore, VVA was considered a possible internal antigen. By using anti-VVA serum, a microimmunodiffusion method was designed to detect the antigen VVA in bacterial cell lysates prepared from a single colony. This simple method allowed the specific identification of V. vulnificus as soon as 10 h after antigen preparation and therefore can be a useful tool in the identification of V. vulnificus from environmental or clinical specimens. VVA was not detected as a line of complete identity in some 20 other Vibrio species or in 7 other bacterial genera. VVA was present in all 63 isolates of V. vulnificus obtained from clinical and nonclinical sources. PMID- 3918074 TI - Enzyme immunoassay of teichoic acids from Listeria monocytogenes. AB - Amino groups were introduced into Listeria monocytogenes teichoic acids by reductive amination, and the product was coupled to biotin. Teichoic acids were assayed by their binding to specific antibody adsorbed to a solid phase, followed by detection of the antigen-antibody complex by horseradish peroxidase-avidin. Less than 20 ng of teichoic acid was detectable. PMID- 3918075 TI - Serological analysis of dermatophyte isolates with monoclonal antibodies produced against Microsporum canis. AB - Hybridoma cells produced by fusing myeloma cells with spleen cells from mice immunized with a soluble antigen of Microsporum canis yielded 30 antibody producing clones. Six of these clones, propagated as ascites tumors in mice, showed two different types of monoclonal antibodies. The type 1 monoclonal antibody reacted with 17 heterologous and 10 homologous dermatophyte antigens. Type 2 monoclonal antibodies were unable to precipitate three antigens from different isolates of M. canis, thus suggesting the occurrence of different serotypes within the species. PMID- 3918076 TI - Demonstration of a common antigen in sonicated cells for identification of Vibrio vulnificus serotypes. AB - Ouchterlony immunodiffusion of sonicated Vibrio vulnificus cells illustrated a single major precipitation line with antiserum prepared from whole cells of the same species. Antigenic analysis by two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis verified the presence of a single dominant precipitation line. Tandem two dimensional immunoelectrophoretic analyses of V. vulnificus antigens from various strains revealed one fused precipitation line of identity. No fused precipitation lines were seen with other Vibrio species tested. This dominant antigen, designated VVA, was not dialyzable, lost antigenicity by heating at 100 degrees C but not at 70 degrees C, and was precipitated by 70%, but not by 50%, saturated ammonium sulfate. VVA was not present in concentrated (20X) spent culture medium. VVA is possibly an intracellular protein specific to V. vulnificus species and may be useful in the serological identification of this important human pathogen. PMID- 3918077 TI - An immunoperoxidase study of epithelial marker antigens in ulcerative colitis with dysplasia and carcinoma. AB - An immunoperoxidase technique was applied to formalin and Helly fixed paraffin wax sections from cases of ulcerative colitis complicated by dysplasia and carcinoma for carcinoembryonic antigen and components of the colonic secretory immunoglobulin system--namely, secretory component, IgA, and J chain. Sections from both resection specimens and mucosal biopsies were available. Intensity of immunostaining was assessed qualitatively. There was appreciable variation in expression of carcinoembryonic antigen and secretory component antigens. Carcinoembryonic antigen stained heavily in dysplasia and carcinoma while these tissues showed only focal light staining for secretory component. Normal tissue stained heavily for secretory component. The variation in staining intensity for both carcinoembryonic antigen and secretory component in inflamed and regenerative mucosa precluded their use as a reliable diagnostic aid in discriminating these tissues from true dysplasia. Loss of secretory component production or transport or both may be incurred during malignant change, but it should not be assessed as an isolated index of epithelial maturity. The relation with mucosal plasma cells warrants further study to determine more fully the factors affecting tissue secretory component expression. PMID- 3918079 TI - Bone marrow expansion of the thyroid cartilage: a source of confusion with malignant invasion in CT studies. AB - A patient with asymmetrical widening of the thyroid cartilage with decreased ossification of the inner thyroid lamina simulating tumor invasion on CT is described. Histologically, no tumor was identified. A review of the pertinent literature and implications are discussed. PMID- 3918080 TI - Computed tomography of a benign mesenchymoma of soft tissue. AB - Computed tomography of a benign mesenchymoma in a 7-year-old boy demonstrated bone and fat intermingled with nonspecific soft tissue. PMID- 3918078 TI - Kinetics, distribution, and sites of destruction of indium-111 oxine labelled red cells in haemolytic anaemia. AB - The survival of red cells labelled with indium-111 oxine in the circulation was determined. In vivo distribution at equilibrium and sites of deposition at the T50In--that is, the half life of labelled red cells--were quantitated with a scintillation camera and computer assisted image analysis. Although the rate of elution. Of 111In from the red cells was higher than that of chromium-51-disodium chromate, estimates of T50In and T50Cr corresponded reasonably well and were shortened in haemolytic anaemia. In normal subjects red cells were sequestered mainly in the liver and spleen. In five patients with different types of haemolytic anaemia two distinct patterns of red cell sequestration could be recognised: mainly splenic sequestration, and destruction of red cells in the liver, spleen, and the bone marrow. These patterns were expected for the particular disease studied. PMID- 3918081 TI - Iowa nurses' attitudes toward mandatory continuing education: a two-year follow up study. PMID- 3918082 TI - A model for marketing continuing education in a recession. PMID- 3918083 TI - Faculty continuing education: teaching methods. PMID- 3918084 TI - Dorothy del Bueno, RN, EdD. PMID- 3918085 TI - Beliefs and intentions to participate in continuing professional education: a study of nonparticipant nurses in Rockford, Illinois. PMID- 3918086 TI - Business ethics: implications for providers and faculty of continuing education programs. PMID- 3918087 TI - Iowa nurses' attitudes toward mandatory continuing education. PMID- 3918088 TI - Oral colonization and susceptibility testing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa oral isolates from cystic fibrosis patients. AB - Microbial samples from the oral cavities of cystic fibrosis (C.F.) patients and 20 age-matched normal control subjects were characterized. Mucoid variant Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated from the tongue, buccal mucosa, and saliva of C.F. patients only. Analysis of the data suggests that the oral cavity is a potential reservoir for this organism. Aspiration and cross-contamination from this reservoir may be important in perpetuating chronic pulmonary infection in C.F. patients. Susceptibility testing was performed on 20 mucoid variant P. aeruginosa oral isolates obtained from the patients according to standardized broth dilution procedures. The in vitro antimicrobial effects of sodium fluoride, stannous fluoride, and chlorhexidine were measured. Analysis of the data suggests that clinically safe and achievable levels of chlorhexidine and stannous fluoride may be antimicrobial. PMID- 3918089 TI - On surviving diagnosis-related groups. PMID- 3918090 TI - New Medicare nutrition reimbursement policy threatens patient health. PMID- 3918091 TI - Oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide elimination after acetazolamide in the critically ill. AB - Acetazolamide, which reversibly inhibits carbonic anhydrase, is a useful diuretic in alkalotic and over-hydrated patients. In two earlier investigations we have consistently found increases in the arterial and venous oxygen saturation and tension when patients were treated with acetazolamide 15 mg . kg-1. A plausible explanation of this phenomenon is that acetazolamide diminishes oxygen consumption. In the present study we measured oxygen uptake in 10 critically ill patients. We found a minor and statistically insignificant decrease in oxygen consumption. Nevertheless SVO2 increased from 0.77 to 0.83 and PVO2 from 5.9 kPa to 6.8 kPa. It is still not possible from this investigation to determine the origin of the improvement in blood oxygenation. The inhibition of carbonic anhydrase caused a CO2 retention of 5.8% of the total CO2 production. An increase in body stores of CO2 of this magnitude is without clinical significance. PMID- 3918092 TI - Effect of dexamethasone on de novo IgE synthesis by human blood lymphocytes. AB - The effect of dexamethasone (DM) on de novo in vitro total IgE synthesis by blood mononuclear cells (MNC) was studied in atopic patients with eczema and in nonatopic control subjects. Unfractionated blood MNC were cultured at 1 X 10(6) cells per milliliter for 7 days in RPMI 1640 with 10% fetal calf serum with or without decreasing concentrations of DM (10(-7) to 10(-11). Net IgE synthesis was calculated by subtracting preformed (+ cycloheximide at day 0) from total IgE in 7-day supernatants. Supernatant IgE was measured by use of a modified PRIST assay. A significant increase in net IgE synthesis occurred in the presence of DM in 11 of 11 atopic patients with eczema (mean percent increase = 68%; p less than 0.05) and five of five atopic patients without eczema (mean percent increase = 53%; p 0.05) but not in seven of seven nonatopic controls. This increase in de novo IgE synthesis could not be explained by a significant change in cell viability. In five of five experiments, a mean increase of 78% was still noted when DM was added to atopic blood MNCs depleted of T cells by sheep red blood cell rosetting. The addition of 10(-9)M of DM to eczema B+ T cell recombinations enriched for suppressor cells (depleted of Leu 3a+ helper T cells) resulted in a loss of suppressor-T cell activity and maximal augmentation of IgE synthesis. Enhancement of IgE synthesis was also noted when DM was added to eczema B+ T cell recombinations enriched for helper T cells (depleted of suppressor Leu 2a+ T cells).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3918093 TI - Therapeutic effects of drug-nutrient interactions in the elderly. AB - The elderly are the major drug users both because they need specific prescription drugs for control of chronic diseases and because they make excessive use of over the-counter (OTC) drugs. Therapeutic drugs that are required may be discontinued because the individuals suffer side effects or because the drug is ineffective. Adverse drug reactions in the elderly may result from drug overuse or misuse, slowed drug metabolism or elimination secondary to aging or to age-related chronic disease, intake of alcohol, food-drug incompatibilities, or nutrient-drug interactions. The timing of drug intake in relation to food intake is an important determinant of therapeutic efficacy in the elderly. Food-drug interactions in the gastrointestinal tract may reduce drug absorption. Enteral formula feeding may also interfere with drug absorption. Conversely, absorption of certain drugs (e.g., thiazides) may be promoted by meal-induced slowing of gastric emptying time. Therapeutic diet prescription can influence drug responses in the elderly because the protein composition of the diet influences the rate of drug metabolism. Nutrient depletion secondary to the effect of drugs may be recognized as an important and often avoidable type of adverse drug reaction. PMID- 3918094 TI - Carbonic anhydrase activity of peripheral nerves. PMID- 3918095 TI - Studies on the cell surface of zoospores and cysts of the fungus Phytophthora cinnamomi: The influence of fixation on patterns of lectin binding. AB - The study of the surface properties of zoospores and cysts of the fungus Phytophthora cinnamomi required a fixation regime that would preserve the cells adequately and not interfere with binding and detection of probes on the cell surface. When they were fixed in 4% formaldehyde (F), specific binding of concanavalin A-fluorescein isothiocyanate and rhodamine-labeled soybean agglutinin was obtained. However, electron microscopy showed that preservation was so poor that intracellular binding sites had become exposed. By contrast glutaraldehyde (G), even at concentrations as low as 0.05%, gave good preservation of the zoospores but induced high levels of nonspecific fluorescence, making its use impractical for studies using fluorescent probes. Addition of 1-4% F to 0.05-0.8% G reduced the level of G-induced fluorescence while not diminishing the quality of ultrastructural preservation. This effect was evaluated quantitatively and an optimum fixation regime for the fungal cells, namely, 0.2% G and 2-4% F in 50 mM PIPES buffer, was determined. This combined fixative facilities correlated fluorescence and ultrastructural labeling with lectins and immunocytochemical probes. PMID- 3918096 TI - Analysis of cell surface light chain immunoglobulin expression by flow cytometry in normal controls: a new mathematical approach. AB - It has been observed in flow cytometric studies that in normal individuals there are proportionally more kappa+ than lambda+ bearing light chain B-cells. Overt predominance of one type of light chain bearing cell over the other is a characteristic of B-cell neoplasias, a phenomenon called clonal excess (CE). A mathematical model using the Weibull distribution is proposed for studying such an excess. The new approach is desirable for two reasons: First, it is parametric and hence offers a more sensitive and versatile analysis than its nonparametric counterparts. Second, it utilizes only the relevant information from the upper tails of the distributions of the fluorescence intensity of the kappa+ and lambda+ cells. Two measures of CE based on the Weibull model are proposed, and a normal range of variability was determined for each measure using a random sample of 48 normal controls. Such normal ranges are particularly useful in detecting cancer patients with minimal B-cell neoplasias. A comparative study of the new measures, Ault's maximum difference measure, and a measure based on Ligler's method showed that the parametric approach provides much more sensitivity than both the nonparametric ones. PMID- 3918097 TI - A fast screening method for histochemical localization of carbonic anhydrase. Application to kidney, skeletal muscle, and thrombocytes. AB - A simple method for histochemical localization of carbonic anhydrase using 5 dimethyl-amino-naphthalene-1-sulfonamide (DNSA) is described. Cryosections of tissues, or cell smears, are incubated in 3 to 10 X 10(-5) M DNSA and viewed in a fluorescence microscope. Upon excitation with ultraviolet light, sites of carbonic anhydrase localization can be identified by an intense blue fluorescence, which is due to the emission of blue light (lambda max = 470 nm) by carbonic anhydrase-DNSA complexes. This fluorescence can be largely suppressed by simultaneous incubation with 1 X 10(-4) to 2 X 10(-3) M concentrations of nonfluorescent carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, displacing DNSA from its binding site on the enzyme. Application of the method to kidney, skeletal muscle, and thrombocytes yields patterns of carbonic anhydrase localization that are in good agreement with results that have been obtained with a variety of other techniques. PMID- 3918098 TI - T alpha cell subsets in human peripheral blood. PMID- 3918099 TI - Activity of rheumatoid factors of different molecular sizes: comparison of autologous monomeric and polymeric monoclonal IgA rheumatoid factors. AB - Differences in rheumatoid factor (RF) activity among the molecular species of IgA were investigated with the use of monomeric and polymeric monoclonal IgA RF paraprotein from the serum of a patient (PS) with idiopathic hyperviscosity syndrome. After fractionation by gel chromatography in acidic buffer, RF activity as determined by latex fixation and solid-phase radioimmunoassay (RIA) specific for IgA RF was confined to the high m.w. (greater than 7S) fractions. However, after adsorption into polystyrene wells, fractions containing monomeric (7S) IgA, as well as those containing polymeric IgA, bound 125I-labeled heat-aggregated human IgG. These observations were confirmed after further purification of the IgA fractions by passage through a protein A-Sepharose CL-4B column followed by precipitation of the IgA proteins with ammonium sulfate at 50% saturation. After "cross-linkage" by a hybridoma anti-human alpha-chain antibody, the activity of the monomeric IgA preparation in the IgA RF RIA approached that of the polymeric IgA preparation. Gel filtration studies verified that this activity was not due to contamination by polymeric IgA RF. Further, classic RF specificity was confirmed for both the monomeric and polymeric IgA RF by reaction with human Fc coated but not Fab-coated wells. A control monomeric IgA myeloma protein and normal serum IgA did not react in the RF RIA when analyzed in the presence or absence of the hybridoma anti-alpha-chain antibody. Moreover, the activity of the polymeric IgA RF preparation from patient PS in the RIA was minimally influenced by the hybridoma antibody. These results indicate that IgA RF can coexist in both polymeric and monomeric forms, demonstrate that monomeric IgA RF may escape detection by previously described RIA techniques, and suggest an approach for its detection. PMID- 3918100 TI - Impaired production of gamma-interferon by newborn cells in vitro is due to a functionally immature macrophage. AB - The decreased production of gamma-(PHA-induced) interferon (IFN) by leukocytes of normal newborns could be due to functionally immature T cells, macrophages, or both. We studied gamma-IFN production by macrophages and T cells, alone and in combination, obtained from 50 cord blood samples and 14 adult blood samples in a series of experiments. Adherent macrophages were cultivated for 7 days before the addition of T cells. After 48 hr, PHA-stimulated macrophage-T cell supernatants were harvested and assayed for IFN by a microassay. Macrophage-T cell cultures of autologous and nonautologous cells in 14 adults showed enhanced IFN production (GMT 121 +/- 5 IU) as compared with Ficoll-Hypaque mononuclear cells (GMT 42 +/- 5 IU). No IFN was detected in supernatants from PHA-stimulated Ficoll-Hypaque cord cells alone or macrophage-T cord combined cultures. Combined cord macrophages and adult T cells produced minimal IFN (GMT 13 +/- 3 IU); however, cord T cells combined with adult macrophages showed enhanced IFN production (GMT 195 +/- 47 IU). This cord macrophage dysfunction was not due to an inhibitor and improved with the time of in vitro cultivation. These results indicate that the neonatal macrophage is primarily responsible for the impaired gamma-IFN response by the newborn cells. PMID- 3918101 TI - Failure of OKT3 monoclonal antibody to induce lymphocyte mitogenesis: a familial defect in monocyte helper function. AB - Monoclonal antibodies to the T3 molecule on human T cells have mitogenic activity. Although anti-T3 antibodies of the IgG1 subclass (e.g., UCHT1) induce mitogenesis in lymphocyte cultures from only 60 to 70% of normal donors, antibodies of Ig2a subclass (e.g., OKT3) invariably have been found to be mitogenic in all subjects tested up to the present. This paper describes a family (a mother, six daughters, and one son) in which five members failed to respond mitogenically to OKT3 although the proportion of OKT3-reactive cells in their peripheral blood was normal. Mitogenic responses to PHA, Con A, and PWM were normal. Five members comprising four OKT3 nonresponders were also unresponsive to UCHT1. Unresponsiveness to OKT3 and unresponsiveness to UCHT1 were not absolutely linked to each other, nor were they linked to an HLA haplotype inherited from the mother. Upon stimulation by OKT3, lymphocyte preparations from OKT3-nonresponders failed to produce interleukin 2 (IL 2) and to display IL 2 receptors. OKT3 unresponsiveness was due to defective monocyte help: thus, responsiveness to OKT3 of T cells from an OKT3-nonresponder was restored by the addition of monocytes from an HLA-identical sister who had a normal response to OKT3. Inversely, T cells from the OKT3 responder had no reactivity to OKT3 when cultured in the presence of monocytes from an HLA-identical, OKT3-nonresponsive sister. Unresponsiveness to OKT3 could not be overcome by the addition of phorbol myristate acetate to the cultures. These data on a familial, non-HLA-linked deficiency of monocytes to exert their auxiliary function provide better insight into the mechanism of anti-T3-induced T cell activation. PMID- 3918102 TI - Interleukin 2 enhances the natural killer cell activity of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients through a gamma-interferon-independent mechanism. AB - Patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) exhibit a variety of disorders of cellular immunity, including a deficient ability to generate cytotoxic T cells and depressed levels of natural killer (NK) cell activity. Interleukin 2 (IL 2) in vitro can markedly augment these depressed immune functions. Because IL 2 can induce the release of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) from normal peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL), and because IFN-gamma may play a role in the regulation of NK cell activity, this study was performed to determine if the IL 2 enhancement of the NK cell activity of patients with AIDS was an IFN gamma-dependent effect. PBL from eight healthy heterosexual donors and from nine patients with AIDS were studied for their ability to release IFN-gamma in response to IL 2 at a concentration of 100 U/ml. After 60 hr of culture, the PBL of all eight healthy donors produced IFN-gamma with a mean titer of 113 U/ml (range 40 to 320 U/ml). In contrast, the PBL from only two of nine patients with AIDS released measurable amounts of IFN-gamma (40 U/ml each) in response to IL 2 with a mean titer of 13.5 U/ml for all nine. Although the PBL from patients with AIDS were deficient in their capacity to produce IFN-gamma in response to 100 U/ml of IL 2, significant enhancement of NK cell activity could be obtained after only 1 hr of PBL treatment with 10 U/ml of IL 2, with an optimal NK enhancing effect occurring at doses of 50 to 100 U/ml of IL 2. The use of an anti-IFN-gamma monoclonal antibody resulted in complete neutralization of the IFN released from the normal PBL cultured with IL 2, but failed to inhibit the IL 2 enhancement of NK cell activity. Exogenous IFN-gamma exhibited different kinetics of enhancement of NK cell activity when compared to IL 2, requiring substantially more than 1 hr of pretreatment of PBL. These results indicate that the PBL from patients with AIDS usually do not release IFN-gamma when cultured with IL 2, and that IL 2 enhancement of the depressed NK cell activity of these patients may be an IFN gamma-independent event. These results may have important implications for the therapy of AIDS. PMID- 3918103 TI - Human B cell development. I. Phenotypic differences of B lymphocytes in the bone marrow and peripheral lymphoid tissue. AB - The phenotype of B lineage cells (TdT+, pre-B, IgM+, IgD-, and IgM+,IgD+) in infant and adult human bone marrow was compared with that of B cells seen in peripheral tissues such as tonsil and blood. The range of B cell-associated antibodies used included four reagents with greater than 90% reactivity on peripheral B cells: RFB4 and To15 (both p135, corresponding to CD22), RFB6 (p140 corresponding to CD21), and Y29/55, a unique B cell-specific antibody. In addition, AL-1, an antibody with virtually no reactivity against peripheral B cells was also used. The BM cell subpopulations were heterogeneous in respect of antibody reactivity. The TdT+, pre-B and IgM+, IgD- cells were AL-1+ but did not express membrane antigens recognized by the antibodies To15, RFB4 (CD22), and RFB6 (CD21). TdT+, pre-B cells, and 50% of IgM+, IgD- BM B cells were also unreactive with antibody Y29/55, the other 50% being Y29/55+. In contrast, the IgM+,IgD+ BM B cells, like peripheral B cells, were positive with antibodies To15, RFB4, RFB6, and Y29/55, but reacted only in small numbers with AL-1. The orderly differentiation-linked display of these antigens was also suggested by the findings that normal TdT+, pre-B, and IgM+,IgD- cells expressed the To15 and RFB4 (CD22) antigens in their cytoplasm (in the Golgi region). This observation was confirmed in malignant common acute lymphoblastic and pre-B blast cells, as well as in the corresponding permanent cell lines KM3 and NALM-6. In these lines the membrane expression of To15 and RFB4 could be induced by phorbol ester during a 48 to 72 hr culture period. PMID- 3918104 TI - Development and distribution of a human B cell subpopulation identified by the HB 4 monoclonal antibody. AB - Monoclonal antibodies have been successfully used to identify B cell differentiation antigens, few of which mark discrete B cell subpopulations. We have produced a monoclonal antibody, HB-4, against a cell surface antigen on the human B cell line, BJAB, which has an unusual distribution on normal lymphoid cells. HB-4, an IgM antibody, was found to react with an antigen that is expressed by a subpopulation of B cells, approximately 50% of natural killer cells, and not by other types of cells in bone marrow, blood, and lymphoid tissues. In two-color immunofluorescence assays, the HB-4-reactive antigen was found on less than 5% of immature IgM+ B cells in fetal liver and bone marrow and on 25% of B cells in fetal spleen. The HB-4 antibody reacted with 40% of IgM+ cells in newborn blood and 60% of B cells in adult blood. In contrast, only 2 to 26% of IgM+ B cells in the peripheral lymphoid tissues of adults were HB-4+. HB 4+ B cells could be induced to proliferate by cross-linkage of their surface immunoglobulins but not by T cell-derived growth factors. The subpopulation of activated B cells that is responsive to T cell-derived differentiation factors was HB-4-, as were plasma cells. The HB-4 antibody was reactive with some but not all B cell malignancies and cell lines, and not with malignancies or cell lines of other lineages. The HB-4 antigen may therefore serve as a useful nonimmunoglobulin marker for the identification of a subpopulation of mature resting B cells that are present in the highest frequency in the circulation. PMID- 3918105 TI - Activation of a human T cell line: a two-stimulus requirement in the pretranslational events involved in the coordinate expression of interleukin 2 and gamma-interferon genes. AB - In the resting state, the T3-positive, human T cell line Jurkat does not synthesize detectable amounts of either interleukin 2 (IL 2) or gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma). Activation of Jurkat as measured by the secretion of substantial amounts of both lymphokines requires two distinct signals. One signal is produced by the phorbol ester, phorbol myristate acetate, and the other by either phytohemagglutinin or antibodies to T3. To elucidate the molecular events by which these activation signals lead to the synthesis of IL 2 and IFN-gamma activity we used cDNA probes to follow the appearance of IL 2 and IFN-gamma specific transcripts after activation of Jurkat. These studies demonstrate that both signals are required for the appearance of IL 2 or IFN-gamma-specific transcripts and that the appearance of IL 2 and IFN-gamma RNA is coordinate with regard to a) the signals required for their production, b) the kinetics of their appearance, and c) the inhibition of their appearance by cyclosporin A. These studies suggest that distinct T cell-activation signals may operate through a common regulatory pathway involved in the expression of both IL 2 and IFN-gamma genes. PMID- 3918106 TI - Interferon-gamma enhances induction of lymphotoxin in recombinant interleukin 2 stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. AB - Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were induced by recombinant human interleukin 2 (rIL 2) to secrete lymphotoxin (LT) and interferon-gamma (IFN gamma). Induction of both LT and IFN-gamma by rIL 2 is regulated at the transcriptional level. Treatment of PBMC with rIL 2 in combination with recombinant human IFN-gamma (rIFN-gamma) resulted in an earlier appearance of LT mRNA and an augmented production of LT than did rIL 2 treatment alone. IFN-gamma alone had no effect on production of either LT or its mRNA. PBMC cultured in the presence of rIL 2 plus anti-rIFN-gamma resulted in decreased LT production. Only a 15-min incubation of PBMC with rIL 2 is needed to stimulate LT production, whereas 3 hr is necessary for IFN-gamma production. These results suggest that rIL 2, in addition to being a T cell growth factor, may exhibit other activities through induction of LT and IFN-gamma. PMID- 3918107 TI - Activation of mouse peritoneal macrophages in vitro and in vivo by interferon gamma. AB - To determine the role of IFN-gamma in the activation of resident mouse peritoneal macrophages, crude macrophage-activating lymphokines were incubated with a monoclonal anti-murine IFN-gamma antibody. This treatment abolished the capacity of mitogen-induced lymphokines to enhance either H2O2 release or activity against the intracellular protozoa Toxoplasma gondii and Leishmania donovani. All macrophage-activating factor detected by these assays was also removed by passing the lymphokines over a Sepharose column to which the monoclonal anti-IFN-gamma antibody had been coupled. Therefore, pure murine rIFN-gamma was tested both in vitro and in vivo as a single activating agent. After 48 hr of pretreatment in vitro with 0.01 to 1 antiviral U/ml, macrophage H2O2-releasing capacity was enhanced an average of 6.4-fold; half-maximal stimulation was induced by 0.03 U/ml. Resident macrophages infected with T. gondii half-maximally inhibited parasite replication after 24 hr of preincubation with 0.14 U/ml of rIFN-gamma, and near complete inhibition was achieved by pretreatment with 100 U/ml. Half maximal leishmanicidal activity was induced by 0.08 U/ml of rIFN-gamma, and 67 to 75% of intracellular L. donovani amastigotes were killed after macrophages were preincubated with 10 to 100 U/ml. Eighteen hours after parenteral injection of rIFN-gamma, peritoneal macrophages displayed a dose-dependent enhancement of H2O2 releasing capacity and antiprotozoal activity. Half-maximal enhancement required 85 to 250 U or rIFN-gamma given i.p. Peritoneal macrophages were also activated by rIFN-gamma injected i.v. and intramuscularly. These results suggest that, in the mouse model, IFN-gamma is likely to be a primary factor within mitogen induced lymphokines responsible for activating macrophage oxidative metabolism and antiprotozoal activity, and indicate that rIFN-gamma is a potent activator of these effector functions both in vitro and in vivo. These findings provide a rationale for evaluating rIFN-gamma in the treatment of systemic intracellular infections, and indicate that murine models are appropriate for such studies. PMID- 3918108 TI - Increase in cytosolic free calcium concentration is an intracellular messenger for the production of interleukin 2 but not for expression of the interleukin 2 receptor. AB - Activation of lymphocytes by mitogenic lectins results in the production of a group of soluble factors, the lymphokines. Proliferation of activated T cells requires interaction of one of these lymphokines, interleukin 2 (IL 2), with its receptor. The induction of IL 2 receptor expression and IL 2 production may involve different activation signals; some mitogens or antigens may activate both, whereas others may activate only one. An increase in cytosolic free calcium concentrations [( Ca++]i) is one of the signals involved in cellular activation by lectins. By using the fluorescent indicator quin-2, we have demonstrated that increases in [Ca++]i accompany phytohemagglutinin induced proliferative responses of human T lymphocytes. Preventing the increase in [Ca++]i also prevents proliferation. We demonstrate that an increase in [Ca++]i is not required for the expression of the IL 2 receptor, which is expressed even in the presence of extremely low external calcium concentrations. In contrast, IL 2 production requires an increase in [Ca++]i and does not occur in the absence of extracellular free calcium. IL 2 production appears to be the critical step requiring transmembrane calcium flux. In the absence of transmembrane calcium flux and subsequent IL 2 production, lectins are not able to trigger DNA synthesis and cell proliferation. PMID- 3918109 TI - Anti-My-26: a monoclonal antibody inhibiting human phagocyte chemiluminescence. AB - Anti-My-26, a mouse monoclonal IgG1 antibody, was raised against human granulocytes and has been shown to inhibit luminol-enhanced, glucose-independent chemiluminescence (CL) of human granulocytes (or monocytes) responding to the soluble secretagogues A23187 or ionomycin (calcium ionophores) and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). Anti-My-26 inhibition of CL was reversible and was dependent on both secretatogue and monoclonal antibody concentration. This inhibition appeared to be directed at the component of granulocyte CL that is independent of NAD(P)H-oxidase-catalyzed formation of superoxide anion, because neither opsonized zymosan-stimulated CL nor the PMA-induced decrease in NAD (P)H associated autofluorescence was affected by anti-My-26. In addition, ionomycin, over a wide concentration range, failed to generate any decrease in granulocyte autofluorescence. The A23187-induced CL inhibited by anti-My-26 was correlated with its depression of oxygen consumption. Furthermore, anti-My-26 was not cytotoxic and did not itself induce oxidative metabolism when used as a stimulant. Binding of anti-My-26 to phagocytic cells was not decreased by pre exposure of cells to either A23187 or PMA. Evidence is presented to suggest that the binding of anti-My-26 to the granulocyte surface inhibits the oxidative response to calcium ionophore and PMA by blocking a common pathway(s) stimulated by these different secretagogues. PMID- 3918110 TI - Human eosinophil peroxidase: purification and characterization. AB - Human eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) was isolated from granules from granulocytes of a patient with hypereosinophilia. The granules were extracted by means of 0.2 M NaAc, pH 4.0. The purification steps included gel filtration chromatography on Sephadex G-75 superfine and ion-exchange chromatography on CM-Sephadex G-50. The purified protein showed one band on agarose-electrophoresis, a high peroxidase activity, and a 415-nm/280 nm ratio of 1.15. After reduction, EPO showed two bands on SDS-PAGE of m.w. 52,000 and 15,000, respectively. On gel filtration, the unreduced protein had a m.w. of approximately 77,000. Amino acid analyses showed a high content of arginine and aspartic acid. Monospecific antibodies to EPO were prepared in rabbits, and a specific radioimmunoassay was developed. There was an almost linear correlation between the content of EPO measured by the radioimmunoassay and the number of eosinophils in a mixed cell extract from reference material, indicating the eosinophil origin of EPO. The content of EPO was estimated to be 15.0 micrograms/10(6) eosinophils. PMID- 3918111 TI - A fish oil diet rich in eicosapentaenoic acid reduces cyclooxygenase metabolites, and suppresses lupus in MRL-lpr mice. AB - Dietary supplementation of fish oil as the exclusive source of lipid suppresses autoimmune lupus in MRL-lpr mice. This marine oil diet decreases the lymphoid hyperplasia regulated by the lpr gene, prevents an increase in macrophage surface Ia expression, reduces the formation of circulating retroviral gp70 immune complexes, delays the onset of renal disease, and prolongs survival. We show that a fatty acid component uniquely present in fish oil but not in vegetable oil decreases the quantity of dienoic prostaglandin E, thromboxane B, and prostacyclin normally synthesized by multiple tissues, including kidney, lung, and macrophages, and promotes the synthesis of small amounts of trienoic prostaglandin in autoimmune mice. We suggest that this change in endogenous cyclooxygenase metabolite synthesis directly suppresses immunologic and/or inflammatory mediators of murine lupus. PMID- 3918112 TI - Bactericidal but not nonbactericidal C5b-9 is associated with distinctive outer membrane proteins in Neisseria gonorrhoeae. AB - In this study, we examined the bacterial constituents associated with the complement C5b-9 complex in detergent extracts from serum-treated Neisseria gonorrhoeae (GC). 125I surface-labeled GC were incubated in 10% serum, were washed, and were solubilized in the zwitterionic sulfobetaine detergent SB12. Immunoprecipitation of 125I-GC from the extract with anti-C5 Sepharose was followed by 12.5% sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis autoradiography of immunoprecipitated material. Polyacrylamide gel analysis of surface-labeled 125I-GC showed prominent bands for proteins I and III for both serum-resistant GC strain 6305 and serum-sensitive GC strain 7189. These same bands were visible with similar intensity in the SB12 extracts from presensitized and non-presensitized 6305 and 7189 after serum incubation. For those organisms bearing bactericidal C5b-9 (6305 + IgG and 7189 +/- IgG), additional distinctive bands immunoprecipitated with antibody to C5 Sepharose. These components were of 93,000, 44,000 40,000, and 15,000 daltons for 6305 + IgG, and were of 90,000, 50,000, 44,000, and 19,000 daltons for 7189 +/- IgG. Nonbactericidal C5b-9 extracted from the surface of 6305 incubated in serum, but not sensitized with antibody, was not associated with these distinctive proteins. However, this nonbactericidal C5b-9 did have a different pattern of associated bacterial surface constituents from that observed in control samples incubated with antibody to human serum albumin, which were similar to those with nonserum incubated organisms. These studies support our earlier experiments which demonstrated that C5b-9 is in a different molecular configuration on the surface of serum-resistant GC from that on the surface of serum-sensitive GC or resistant GC rendered sensitive with bactericidal antibody. PMID- 3918113 TI - Nonphagocytic dendritic cells are effective accessory cells for anti mycobacterial responses in vitro. AB - The accessory cell requirements for a given T cell response may be examined in vitro by using highly purified lymph node T cells. We have examined the capacity of different antigen-presenting cells to stimulate proliferation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-primed T cells when the antigenic challenge is either soluble or particulate in nature. By titrations of cell number and antigen concentration, it was shown that dendritic cells are not only extremely efficient at presenting soluble mycobacterial antigen compared with various macrophage populations, but also that they are capable of presenting whole mycobacteria. Because phagocytosis of mycobacteria does not occur with these cells, we suggest that processing of antigen by dendritic cells may be initiated at the plasma membrane. Because macrophages are not essential for this in vitro response, a role for dendritic cells in antibacterial immunity in vivo is implicated. PMID- 3918114 TI - Glycopeptides in soluble egg antigen of Schistosoma mansoni: isolation, characterization, and elucidation of their immunochemical and immunopathological relation to the major egg glycoprotein (MEG). AB - The major egg glycoprotein (MEG) of Schistosoma mansoni was purified by ion exchange chromatography of glycoprotein fraction obtained from soluble egg antigen (SEA) by lectin affinity chromatography. Small carbohydrate-rich fragments (CRF) contained in the glycoprotein fraction of SEA were isolated by ultrafiltration followed by dialysis (10 to 13 kd). Comparison of MEG and CRF yielded the following results: purified MEG (70 kd) contains about 77% carbohydrate, and CRF contains 92.5% carbohydrate. When radioiodinated and run by SDS-PAGE, each yielded a single band with respective Rf values of around 0.33 and 1.0 CRF is capable of inhibiting, in a Farr-type RIA, the binding of 125I-MEG to serum from chronically infected mice. Furthermore, CRF and MEG exhibit a single and continuous line of radioimmunodiffusion. CRF, unlike SEA, SEA glycoproteins, or purified MEG, is incapable of eliciting delayed footpad swelling in egg sensitized mice or of inducing granulomatous hypersensitivity, when given at amounts equivalent to or higher than MEG by protein or carbohydrate content. Thus, whereas SEA, SEA glycoproteins, or MEG elicited in a representative test net swelling of 0.28 mm, 0.34 mm, and 0.29 mm, respectively, CRF gave net swellings of 0.06 mm, similar to the control value (0.07 mm) in unsensitized mice. Also, mice sensitized to viable eggs, SEA, or purified MEG exhibited, after i.v. challenge with viable eggs, a mean area of granulomas in the lungs of 12,389 micron2, 16,412 micron2, and 12,354 micron2, respectively, as compared with 7940 micron2 in CRF-sensitized mice and 8428 micron2 in unsensitized control mice. Thus, CRF appears to contain fragments of MEG that are serologically active but immunopathologically inactive at the concentrations used. PMID- 3918115 TI - The expression of major histocompatibility antigens under metallothionein gene promoter control. AB - A model system has been developed that provides insights into the mechanisms that control the amount of H-2 antigen on the cell surface. Hybrid genes have been constructed by using the metallothionein gene promoter to replace the H-2 gene promoter. The hybrid genes have been introduced into murine L cells and their expression has been studied. Cells containing the hybrid genes contain 20- to 60 fold more H-2 mRNA than nontransfected L cells, since the metallothionein gene promoter is much more active than the H-2 promoter. However, the total amount of H-2 antigen on the surface of the transfected L cell is similar to the amount of H-2 antigen on the normal L cell. Even after transcription from the metallothionein promoter is induced by the addition of cadmium to the cell culture medium, the amount of H-2 antigen on the surface of cells containing the hybrid genes does not increase. We conclude that the amount of H-2 antigen is controlled by events that occur after gene transcription. Evidence is presented that suggests that these post-transcriptional mechanisms may cause the expression of threefold more H-2Dd than H-2Ld on the surface of BALB/c cells. Furthermore, we suggest that the 5' untranslated portion of the H-2 mRNA is not important for directing the growing H-2 polypeptide to the cell surface. PMID- 3918116 TI - The generation of major and minor idiotype-bearing families of anti-p azophenylarsonate antibodies; stochastic utilization of VH gene segments. AB - An average of 50% of anti-p-azophenylarsonate (Ars) antibodies bear a cross reactive idiotype, IdCR, and an average of 15% bear a relatively minor idiotype, Id, in A/J mice. To begin to investigate the processes that influence the expressed levels of these idiotype-bearing antibodies in serum, we have examined the frequency among preimmune B cells of cells that utilize the heavy chain variable region gene segment (VH) needed for IdCR and that which is needed for Id anti-Ars antibody expression. Our results indicate these VH gene segments are functionally rearranged at frequencies one would expect for random usage. The frequency of VH gene segment utilization is similar to, if not higher than, that of VHCR, arguing that the predominance of IdCR-over Id-bearing antibodies is not due to preferential usage of the VHCR gene segment. In addition to the analysis of Ars-immune sera pooled from several mice, we have examined 20 individual A/J mice to determine whether the relative serum levels of IdCR- and Id-bearing antibodies are strictly regulated relative to each other. Among individuals, we find that IdCR and Id antibody levels fluctuate over a 28-fold and a 120-fold range, respectively. The ratio of IdCR to Id antibody levels was found not to be strictly regulated, varying over a 300-fold range. Linear regression analysis of IdCR relative to Id concentrations shows a correlation coefficient of only 0.093. Indeed, rare mice can be found that generate greater levels of Id-bearing antibodies than those bearing IdCR. These results are indicative of a stochastic process involved during the generation of these IdCR-and Id-bearing antibody families. Models accounting for the generation of this highly variable serologic response derived from a preimmune repertoire in which VH gene segments are equivalently utilized are discussed. PMID- 3918117 TI - The use of alkaline-phosphatase conjugated second antibody for the enhancement of immunoprecipitation techniques on cellulose acetate membranes. AB - A technique is described using alkaline phosphatase (ALP) conjugated second antibodies on cellulose acetate membrane (CAM) for enhancement of immunoprecipitation techniques. The method is extremely sensitive, detecting as little as 0.1 mg/l of protein and has particular application in the investigation of monoclonal immunoglobulins in human serum or urine and in hybridoma supernatants or ascitic fluids. PMID- 3918118 TI - The coating of erythrocytes with detergent-solubilized molecules: a general method for improved coupling of antigens and antibodies. AB - A method is described by which different antigens and antibodies in solutions containing deoxycholate (DOC) may be coated to glutaraldehyde (GA)-fixed erythrocytes. This method, based on the use of CrCl3, yields erythrocytes which preserve the antigenicity and antibody activity of the coated molecules and can thus be applied to various assays in which indicator red cells are required. The sensitivity of the assays increases when these red cells are used. The cells form rosettes with the appropriate receptor positive cells. They sediment in Ficoll Isopaque as do native erythrocytes and do not aggregate spontaneously even when coated at very high or low concentrations of CrCl3 or antigen. This coupling method, which is performed in the presence of DOC, and which requires only a small amount of antigen, is proposed for the coupling of cell membrane dissolved antigens. PMID- 3918120 TI - Search for a sensitive stage for aposymbiosis induction in Culex pipiens pipiens by antibiotic treatment of immature stages. PMID- 3918119 TI - Variants of lymphoid lines produced with ricin A-chain monoclonal antibody conjugates. AB - Conjugates of ricin A-chain with monoclonal anti-light chain antibodies specifically killed cells hearing kappa or lambda immunoglobulin (Ig) light chains. Exposure of cells from B-lymphoblastoid cell lines (B-LCL) to conjugate for less than 30 h had only a slight effect on cell growth, but on 48 h exposure a marked killing effect was achieved. After recovery of growth, cells were re exposed to conjugate for 9-14 days. Treatment of cells from the EB4 line (sIgG lambda) in this way yielded 4 variants which showed a marked reduction in levels of surface Ig lambda and secreted Ig lambda with slight, or no, reduction in MHC class II expression and similar growth rates to the parent line. Variant lines retained their phenotype over long periods of culture. PMID- 3918121 TI - Outbreak of endocarditis caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa serotype O11 among pentazocine and tripelennamine abusers in Chicago. AB - At Cook County Hospital (Chicago), before 1977, the incidence of endocarditis caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa was one or two cases per year. The frequency of P. aeruginosa as an etiologic agent of endocarditis among drug abusers increased steadily from five (23%) of 22 patients in 1977 to 15 (68%) of 22 in 1980. P. aeruginosa serotype O11 accounted for 34 (76%) of 42 of the strains serotyped. The total increase in incidence of P. aeruginosa endocarditis that we observed can be attributed to disease caused by serotype O11. We serotyped 152 strains of P. aeruginosa obtained from hospital inpatients without endocarditis. Serotype O11 was the most frequently isolated type, accounting for 27% of the total. Incidence of serotype O11 in drug addicts with endocarditis is significantly higher than the incidence in patients with nonendocarditis infections (chi 2 = 32.89; P less than .001). There was a high degree of correlation between pentazocine and tripelennamine ("T's and Blues") abuse and endocarditis caused by P. aeruginosa (chi 2 = 36.71; P less than .001). PMID- 3918122 TI - Selective survival in pentazocine and tripelennamine of Pseudomonas aeruginosa serotype O11 from drug addicts. AB - The growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, particularly serotype O11, in pentazocine and tripelennamine ("T's and Blues") was evaluated as a possible explanation for the association of deep-seated infection with this organism and abuse of these drugs. The mean reduction of growth caused by the drugs was 1,000-fold greater for 49 Pseudomonas strains from normal subjects than for 32 strains from drug addicts (4.2 vs. 1.3 logs of reduction at 2 hr, P less than .0005). A common phenotypic subset of the serotype O11 strains from drug addicts was especially resistant to the inhibitory effects. Twelve strains of Staphylococcus aureus (a frequent cause of infection in heroin, but not in pentazocine and tripelennamine, addicts) were completely inhibited by the drug combination. Dose-response curves (derived from the results of using the tablets as well as pure powders) showed that tripelennamine was responsible for the inhibitory activity, which was partially antagonized by pentazocine. We conclude that an ability of some P. aeruginosa serotype O11 strains, but not S. aureus, to survive in pentazocine and tripelennamine may explain in part a shift from S. aureus to P. aeruginosa as common pathogens of drug addicts in areas where abuse of this combination of drugs has increased. PMID- 3918123 TI - Immune globulin for intravenous use: enhancement of in vitro opsonophagocytic activity of neonatal serum. AB - Neonates born with less-than-protective levels of transplacentally derived specific antibody are at risk for the development of disease due to type III, group B Streptococcus (III-GBS). The effect of immune serum globulin modified for intravenous use (MISG) on in vitro opsonophagocytosis of III-GBS was evaluated. Cord blood was obtained from 13 healthy, full-term neonates, and bactericidal activity for III-GBS was measured. Before the addition of MISG, one of three serum specimens with moderate levels of antibody to III-GBS, and eight of 10 specimens with low antibody levels demonstrated no bactericidal activity. The mean bactericidal index increased from 27.1% before the addition of MISG to 96.5% with MISG added in a volume equal to that of serum. The effect of MISG on opsonophagocytosis decreased with its dilution in buffer, and no effect was shown at dilutions greater than or equal to 1:4. Thus, MISG can substantially increase in vitro opsonophagocytosis of III-GBS in sera from newborns. PMID- 3918124 TI - Amikacin-resistant gram-negative bacilli: correlation of occurrence with amikacin use. AB - The incidence of amikacin resistance among gram-negative bacilli isolated at the New York V.A. Medical Center increased from 2.0% to greater than 7% during an 18 month period from January 1980 to July 1981. This increase coincided with a threefold increase in amikacin use at this institution. The amikacin-resistant (AKR) isolates most frequently recovered in 1981 were species of Klebsiella, Serratia, and Pseudomonas. These organisms were recovered from multiple sites, including urine, sputum, wounds, blood, peritoneal fluid, and pleural fluid. The amikacin-modifying enzyme 6'-N-acetyltransferase was detected in 27 (67.5%) of 40 randomly selected AKR isolates. These data indicate that resistance to amikacin in this hospital is enzymatically mediated in most strains of AKR Klebsiella and Serratia and in about one-third of AKR strains of P. aeruginosa. This finding supports the conclusion that amikacin resistance is enhanced by the pressure of increased amikacin use. PMID- 3918125 TI - Serological evidence of subclinical Rocky Mountain spotted fever infections in Texas. PMID- 3918126 TI - Rocky Mountain spotted fever in children in Kansas: the diagnostic value of an IgM-specific immunofluorescence assay. PMID- 3918127 TI - Persistence of Neisseria meningitidis in the upper respiratory tract after intravenous antibiotic therapy for systemic meningococcal disease. PMID- 3918128 TI - Responses of adult volunteers to a Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxoid-A vaccine. PMID- 3918129 TI - Prostacyclin production by cultured endothelial cell monolayers exposed to step increases in shear stress. AB - While fluid shear stress is an important cardiovascular factor in vivo, it has generally been ignored in in vitro assays of endothelial cell function. We quantified the influence of shear stress on the production of prostacyclin by confluent monolayers of bovine aortic endothelial cells placed in a lucite flow chamber and exposed to flowing culture medium at constant shear stress at 37 degrees C and pH 7.4. Continuous inverted-phase microscopy (x 300) of the monolayers showed no significant contraction or detachment of cells under these conditions. Step increases in shear stress from zero to 14 dyne/cm2 caused rapid rises in prostacyclin production, from a baseline (n = 4) of 0.17 +/- 0.062 ng/cm2.min (mean +/- SEM) to peak values within 2 minutes, followed by a decline over several minutes. Peak prostacyclin production increased (p less than 0.005) with shear stress, from 0.60 +/- 0.13 ng/cm2.min at 0.9 dyne/cm2 (n = 14) to 2.33 +/- 0.67 ng/cm2.min at 14 dyne/cm2 (n = 10). The time integral of production or total production, however, did not significantly change with shear stress at least for shear stresses above 0.9 dyne/cm2. Once stressed, cell monolayers produced additional prostacyclin in response to stimulation by Na arachidonate or the calcium ionophore A23187, but not to repeat mechanical stimulation. We conclude that endothelial cells produce bursts of prostacyclin in response to suddenly imposed arterial-like shear stress, and that the peak rate, but not the time integral, of this production increases with shear stress. PMID- 3918131 TI - Histopathological studies of the temporal bones in Hurler's disease [mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) IH]. AB - The structural basis of the combined conductive and sensorineural deafness has been described in two patients with Hurler's disease. All parts of the ear contained numerous large vacuolated Hurler cells, the vacuoles being distended lysosomes from which accumulated glycosaminoglycans had been dissolved during fixation of the tissue. The external and middle ears also showed chronic inflammation. There was resorption of the bone in the mastoid process by masses of Hurler cells and abnormal new bone with prominent cement lines. The blood vessels were surrounded by a 'blue mantle' of osteoid tissue similar to that which is usually associated with otosclerosis. The stapes appeared deformed and was covered by thickened mucosa and granulation tissue. The bone structure of the ossicles resembled that of the mastoid process. The organ of Corti was degenerate and the Reissner's and tectorial membranes were adherent to one another and covered by haemorrhagic material near the vascular striae. The blood vessels in the striae were congested and the scalae media and tympani contained some blood. The neurons in the basal coil of the spiral ganglion were replaced by Hurler cells. The vestibulo-cochlear nerves were disrupted by numerous Hurler cells. These pathological findings adequately explain the combined conductive and sensorineural deafness in these cases. They are also discussed in relation to some other clinical and pathological aspects of these two specific patients. PMID- 3918130 TI - Platelet cytoskeleton alpha-actinin in normal and thrombasthenic platelets: distribution and immunologic characterization. AB - The subcellular localization of alpha-actinin (Mr 100,000) in human skeletal muscle is restricted to the Z line, in which it is believed to anchor actin filaments. Recently, this protein was identified in normal and thrombasthenic human platelets by its antigenic cross-reaction with antibodies to chicken gizzard alpha-actinin. In our study, the biochemical interaction between purified platelet alpha-actinin and striated muscle F-actin was examined by electron microscopy of negatively stained preparations. Like its muscle counterpart, platelet alpha-actinin promotes the cross-linking and bundling of actin filaments. Antibodies prepared to human platelet alpha-actinin cross-reacted with chicken gizzard alpha-actinin as shown by immunoelectrophoresis and the western blotting technique. Immunoblots prepared with normal and thrombasthenic platelets with antibodies to human platelet alpha-actinin revealed that this protein is susceptible to proteolysis. Extracts of freshly drawn platelets showed a protein band of 100 K. When the platelet extracts were incubated at 37 degrees C for various times, the immunoblots showed protein bands of 100 and 80 K. The proportion of the 80 K protein band increased with incubation time. This proteolysis can be prevented by chelating agents such as EDTA or the protease inhibitor leupeptin. Indirect immunofluorescent studies of human skin fibroblasts with antibodies to chicken gizzard actin and human skeletal muscle, chicken gizzard, and platelet alpha-actinin revealed the staining pattern characteristic of each protein. The distribution of alpha-actinin in normal and thrombasthenic platelets was assessed by ferritin-labeled immunoelectron microscopy. Ferritin particles were found in the cytoplasm immediately below the membrane and in some granules. There was no labeling associated with the mitochondria. PMID- 3918132 TI - Effects of essential fatty acid deficiency and indomethacin on histologic, ultrastructural, and phagocytic responses of hepatic macrophages to glucan. AB - Glucan administration in the rat induces a hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the reticuloendothelial system (RES) and a concomitant leukocytosis. Increased phagocytic function and lysozymal immunoreactivity of macrophages are also characteristic of the glucan effect. The potential role of arachidonic acid metabolites in mediating this hepatic inflammatory response induced by the RES stimulant glucan was assessed in the present study by two experimental approaches. In one study, rats were depleted of arachidonic acid by rendering them deficient in essential fatty acids (EFA). In another study, rats were pretreated with the fatty acid cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin. Both treatment interventions markedly attenuated the hepatic Kupffer cell proliferative and granulomatous response to glucan and the associated leukocytosis. Lysozyme immunoreactivity of the Kupffer cells and rates of colloidal carbon clearance (T/2), however, were enhanced by the above treatments. Supplementation of EFA-deficient rats with ethyl arachidonate restored their glucan response to an extent that was not significantly different from nondeficient rats. Marked hepatic proliferative responses were apparent only in those treatment groups characterized by leukocytosis, which suggests that extrahepatic recruitment is an important component of the glucan response in normal, nutritionally adequate rats. Collectively these data suggest that arachidonic acid metabolites may play a role in modulating this extrahepatic recruitment and the associated cellular proliferative and granulomatous responses following glucan administration of the rat. PMID- 3918133 TI - Effects of hyperprolactinaemia and testosterone on the release of LH-releasing hormone and the gonadotrophins in intact and castrated rats. AB - We have investigated the effect of hyperprolactinaemia on the secretion of LH releasing hormone (LHRH), LH and FSH in male rats of the PVG strain which were left intact, castrated or castrated and then implanted with either a 10 or 30 mm silicone elastomer capsule containing testosterone (T10 and T30 respectively). Hyperprolactinaemia was produced by pituitary grafts under the kidney capsule. Pituitary stalk blood, for LHRH estimation, and peripheral blood, for LH, FSH and prolactin, were collected under alphaxalone anaesthesia. Pituitary stalk blood was collected during three consecutive periods of 30 min each before, during and after the application of an electrical stimulus to the median eminence (ME). Hyperprolactinaemia significantly reduced the plasma concentrations of FSH in intact rats and the post-castration increase in the plasma concentrations of both LH and FSH. Neither hyperprolactinaemia nor castration had any significant effect on the spontaneous output of LHRH, but castration alone or castration plus implantation of a T30 capsule did significantly reduce the increment in LHRH output produced by ME stimulation, an effect not seen in rats bearing pituitary grafts. The T30, but not the T10 capsules suppressed the post-castration increase in the gonadotrophins, and the inhibitory effect of testosterone was not significantly affected by hyperprolactinaemia. An incidental but important finding was that the presence of pituitary grafts under the kidney capsule reduced the anaesthetic dose of alphaxalone by 63%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3918134 TI - Differential effects of gonadectomy on sensitivity to testosterone of brain centres associated with gonadotrophin negative feedback and with mating behaviour in rams. AB - Castrated sheep were used to study the effects of gonadectomy on sensitivity to testosterone of brain centres associated with gonadotrophin negative feedback and with mating behaviour. In the first experiment serum LH and FSH concentrations were determined in intact rams, recently castrated (2 days and 3 weeks) and long term castrated animals (greater than 2 years, wethers) during intravenous testosterone infusion at physiological and supraphysiological levels. In intact rams, testosterone infusions effectively suppressed serum LH whilst FSH levels were suppressed only after prolonged infusion at the supraphysiological dose. Recently castrated sheep, which had higher gonadotrophin levels than intact rams, were less sensitive to testosterone feedback. Neither rate of testosterone infusion had any effect on the raised gonadotrophin levels in wethers. In a second experiment gonadotrophin concentrations and mating behaviour were determined in wethers bearing subdermal polydimethylsiloxane implants of testosterone, dihydrotestosterone and oestradiol. Testosterone implants stimulated mating behaviour in all wethers but suppressed gonadotrophins in only a proportion (three out of seven) of the animals. Both oestradiol and dihydrotestosterone suppressed LH and FSH in all wethers, whilst oestradiol, but not dihydrotestosterone, also stimulated mating behaviour. The present findings indicate that testosterone imposes continuing negative feedback on gonadotrophin secretion and that changes in the gonadotrophin regulatory system, which lead eventually to a loss in sensitivity to testosterone feedback, develop soon after gonadectomy. The results also provide the first direct evidence that longterm gonadectomy in male sheep has differential effects on sensitivity to testosterone of brain centres associated with gonadotrophin negative feedback and with mating behaviour.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3918135 TI - Thyroxine treatment facilitates prolactin secretion and induces a state of photorefractoriness in thyroidectomized starlings. AB - Sexually immature male starlings were radiothyroidectomized while held under short day-lengths. They were then subjected to long (18-h) photoperiods and the testes developed rapidly and apparently normally to full maturity. As expected, thyroidectomy prevented an onset of photorefractoriness and after 140 days the testes were still fully developed (testicular width 6.5 +/- 0.8 mm). Half of the birds were then given thyroxine (0.011 mmol/l) in the drinking water for 14 days while the others were maintained as controls. At the end of this time the birds still had fully developed gonads (testicular width 7.8 +/- 0.3 mm) but after a further 14 days testicular regression began in the thyroxine-treated birds. The testes of all individuals in this group were fully regressed (width 1.8 +/- 0.1 mm) by 56 days after the end of thyroxine administration and moulting of the flight feathers had begun. No recrudescence of the gonads was subsequently noted in the next 2 months and the birds were apparently photorefractory. The short period of thyroxine treatment also caused a rapid and prolonged increase in plasma prolactin levels from 2.0 +/- 0.3 to 16.8 +/- 2.6 micrograms/l. No testicular regression or moulting was observed in the control birds and their plasma prolactin levels remained very low (below 4.0 micrograms/l) throughout the experiment. In thyroidectomized and castrated starlings held on 18-h daylengths, 14 daily injections of thyroxine (100 micrograms/bird per day) caused a rapid and permanent decrease in circulating FSH to basal levels (reached about 36 days after thyroxine treatment began, at which time the birds moulted). The treatment also caused a marked increase in plasma prolactin lasting for about 50 days. PMID- 3918136 TI - Monosodium L-glutamate administration: effects on gonadotrophin secretion, gonadotrophs and mammotrophs in prepubertal female rats. AB - We have studied gonadotrophin secretion and immunocytochemically stained gonadotrophs and mammotrophs in 35-day-old female rats which had been treated with monosodium glutamate (MSG) as neonates. We also compared our morphometric data in the saline-treated controls with those we have previously obtained in normal adult female rats. The size of the anterior pituitary glands was reduced but the serum levels, the pituitary gland concentrations and contents, and the in vitro basal release rates of LH and FSH were not significantly altered by MSG treatment. The size of the LH and FSH cells was reduced by MSG administration, but the volume and numerical densities of LH and FSH cells, and the percentage of LH and FSH cells in the pars distalis were not affected. The results suggest that in spite of the smaller size of LH and FSH cells and of the anterior pituitary glands in the MSG-treated rats, the cells contain normal amounts of hormone and the basal LH and FSH secretion rates of the glands are not significantly depressed, contributing to the maintenance of normal serum gonadotrophin concentrations. The volume density of prolactin cells was not increased by MSG treatment. The volume density of gonadotrophs and the percentage of cells which are gonadotrophs in anterior pituitary glands of prepubertal female rats were greater than those in adult female rats, but the reverse was true for the volume density of prolactin cells, suggesting a reciprocal relationship between the relative numbers of gonadotrophs and mammotrophs in prepubertal and adult female rats. PMID- 3918137 TI - Phenytoin and thyroid hormone action. AB - Circulating free thyroid hormone concentrations are reduced in subjects taking long-term phenytoin, a finding at variance with their euthyroid clinical state and normal serum TSH concentration. It is suggested, therefore, that phenytoin may modify the cellular effects of thyroid hormones. In order to examine the influence of phenytoin on thyroid hormone action in the pituitary gland we studied its effect on the binding of tri-iodothyronine (T3) to isolated nuclei prepared from rat anterior pituitary tissue. Phenytoin inhibited the nuclear binding of T3 in a dose-dependent fashion. Phenytoin also partially inhibited thyrotrophin-releasing hormone-stimulated TSH release from cultured rat anterior pituitary cells. These studies provide evidence for a direct effect of phenytoin on the thyrotroph mediated via nuclear T3 receptor binding. PMID- 3918138 TI - Effects of antiserum to thyrotrophin-releasing hormone on the concentrations of plasma prolactin, thyrotrophin and LH in the pro-oestrous rat. AB - The possible role of thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) in causing the pro oestrous surge of prolactin was investigated in conscious female rats by passive immunization with a specific anti-TRH serum raised in sheep. Blood samples were withdrawn through a previously implanted intra-atrial cannula. The i.p. injection of 1 ml anti-TRH serum, but not non-immune sheep serum, at 13.00 h of pro-oestrus delayed by about 1 h the onset of the prolactin surge, but the peak of the surge was similar to that in animals injected with the non-immune serum. The plasma concentrations of TSH were significantly reduced by the anti-TRH serum, but plasma concentrations of LH were not significantly affected. These results show that TRH may play an important role in the timing and initiation, but not the maintenance of the prolactin surge in the pro-oestrous rat. PMID- 3918139 TI - A phylogenetic study of the structural and functional characteristics of corticosteroid binding globulin in primates. AB - A monospecific antiserum against human corticosteroid binding globulin (hCBG) has been used to identify structural similarities between hCBG and CBG in the blood of other primates and representative species of different vertebrate classes. Double immunodiffusion analysis indicated that only CBG in Old World monkeys and apes cross-react with the hCBG antiserum. This was confirmed by a solid-phase radioimmunoassay for hCBG which also demonstrated that CBG in apes is immunologically identical to hCBG and that Old World monkey CBG comprises most, but not all, of the hCBG epitopes. The electrophoretic mobilities of human, gorilla and gibbon CBG were similar (RF 0.50-0.51), but differed from Old World monkey CBG (RF 0.44-0.49) and chimpanzee CBG (RF 0.47). Although serum/plasma cortisol binding capacities were similar in Old World primates, the dissociation half-times (t 1/2) of cortisol were higher from human and ape CBG (18-25 min) than from Old World monkey CBG (14-18 min). The steroid binding specificities of human and ape (CBG corticosterone greater than cortisol greater than progesterone greater than or equal to testosterone) were also different from those of Old World monkey CBG (corticosterone much greater than cortisol approximately equal to progesterone greater than testosterone). Lemur plasma cortisol binding capacity and CBG dissociation t 1/2 of cortisol were similar to hCBG, but its steroid binding specificity was different (cortisol greater than corticosterone greater than progesterone greater than or equal to testosterone) and it did not cross-react with the hCBG antiserum.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3918140 TI - Induction of precocious puberty in the female rat after chronic naloxone administration during the neonatal period: the opiate 'brake' on prepubertal gonadotrophin secretion. AB - Studies were undertaken using the opiate receptor antagonist naloxone to examine the hypothesis that endogenous opiates may have a restraining effect on prepubertal gonadotrophin secretion and may be involved in the maturation of the central nervous system mechanisms regulating the onset of puberty in the female rat. Naloxone (2.5 mg/kg) administered intraperitoneally every 6 h to female rats from day 1 to day 10 of postnatal life significantly (P less than 0.001) advanced the age of onset of puberty assessed in terms of the day of vaginal opening and first oestrus (32.3 +/- 0.2 vs 40.8 +/- 0.4 days in control saline-treated animals). Animals so treated with naloxone showed significantly (P less than 0.001) higher levels of FSH (761.4 +/- 87.6 vs 483.8 +/- 57.2 micrograms/l in control animals) and LH (562.8 +/- 57.4 vs 351.3 +/- 43.3 micrograms/l in control animals) at the first late pro-oestrus and a significantly (P less than 0.001) higher number of ova released at first oestrus (12.4 +/- 0.4 vs 8.1 +/- 0.3 in controls). Body weight at first oestrus was significantly (P less than 0.001) lower in the naloxone-treated animals, an indication that these animals were much younger. The weights (per 100 g body wt) of the ovaries and uteri at the first oestrus were significantly (P less than 0.01) higher in the naloxone-treated rats than in the controls. However, there were no significant differences in the weights of the adrenals and anterior pituitary glands between the two groups of animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3918142 TI - Ultrastructural and biochemical study of frog virus 3 uptake by BHK-21 cells. AB - Ultrastructural studies of the uptake of enveloped and naked frog virus 3 (FV 3) particles by BHK-21 cells have shown that enveloped viruses are internalized by adsorptive endocytosis via coated pits. The enveloped particles then appear to move through endosomes and finally lysosomes. Naked viruses may also follow the same pathway but only rarely. Their more frequent mode of entry is by fusion between the virus shell and the cellular membranes, thus allowing the virus to shed its nucleoprotein content directly into the cytoplasm. This difference in the mechanism of penetration has been confirmed by the use of lysosomotropic agents: the inhibition of viral growth being far more drastic for enveloped FV 3 than for naked virus implies that a lysosomal step is required for the multiplication of enveloped viral particles. PMID- 3918141 TI - Importance of immunoglobulin isotype in human antibody-dependent, cell-mediated cytotoxicity directed by murine monoclonal antibodies. AB - Using the fluorescence activated cell sorter to select rare IgG2a- and IgG2b producing variants, we developed switch variant families of hybridomas from IgG1 producing hybridomas, ME1 and MA2.1. The IgG2a and IgG2b antibodies produced by such switch variants have the same binding activities for HLA as the IgG1 antibodies produced by the parent hybridomas. Using these antibodies, we directly compared the IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b murine Ig isotypes for their capacities to direct human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) in antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) against a B lymphoblastoid cell line. We demonstrate that, for antibodies of identical binding affinity and specificity, the murine IgG2a isotype is the most effective in directing ADCC by human effector cells. The murine IgG2b directs intermediate levels of ADCC activity while IgG1 is inactive. We identified the effector cells in human PBL that mediate IgG2a or IgG2b ADCC as nonadherent killer (K) cells. These cells express the C3bi receptor and have cytolytic activity which is specifically blocked by a monoclonal antibody (anti-Leu-11a) that binds the Fc receptor (FcR) of such cells. Finally, FcR-bearing K cells bind to target cell-bound, rather than free, IgG2a or IgG2b molecules. PMID- 3918143 TI - Treatment of chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis wih acyclovir: pilot study. AB - Five patients with chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis were entered into a pilot therapeutic study of the antiviral agent acyclovir [9-(2 hydroxyethoxymethyl)guanine]. Each patient received acyclovir by slow intravenous infusion in a dosage of 5 mg/kg every 8 hr for 10 days. During therapy, serum aminotransferase levels decreased by more than 50% in two patients, remained unchanged in two patients, and rose (by 32%) in the final patient. The two patients whose serum aminotransferase levels decreased during acyclovir treatment subsequently received a second course of drug using a higher dose (10 mg/kg every 8 hr for 10 days). Serum aminotransferase levels rose in both patients (by 54% and 121%) during the second course of therapy. Acyclovir was well tolerated in these patients, and there were no symptoms or signs attributable to drug toxicity during or after treatment. During a subsequent 12-month follow-up period, none of the five patients has manifested either a clinical or serum biochemical improvement in their chronic liver disease. Spontaneous fluctuations in serum aminotransferase levels unrelated to acyclovir therapy were noted in three of the five patients. These findings suggest that a short course of acyclovir does not have any appreciable long-term beneficial effect on the course of chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis. PMID- 3918144 TI - Unexpectedly severe toxicity from intensive early treatment of childhood lymphoblastic leukemia. AB - In early 1984, we treated 13 consecutive patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) using an induction regimen of rapidly rotated combinations of prednisone, vincristine, asparaginase, teniposide (VM-26), cytosine arabinoside, and high-dose methotrexate (MTX) followed by leucovorin rescue. The intent of this clinical trial, designated Total Therapy Study XI, is to test the hypothesis that greater initial leukemia cell kill will decrease opportunities for the development of drug-resistant mutants, with resultant improvement in the length of disease-free survival. Five patients experienced life-threatening gastrointestinal toxicity within three weeks of the start of treatment. One died. Three other patients had severe abdominal pain, abdominal distention, diarrhea, and weight loss, but not gastrointestinal bleeding. In the remaining five patients, toxicity was rapidly reversible, and each child was able to complete the planned course of chemotherapy. The study was then amended to switch high dose MTX from the induction phase to the consolidation phase, allowing at least one week for mucosal recovery. Among the next 28 patients who were treated, none showed evidence of severe gastrointestinal toxicity. Patients now receive high dose MTX alone as consolidation therapy and are tolerating it adequately. Drug timing should be examined critically when intensified multiple-agent regimens are being devised for initial treatment of ALL. PMID- 3918146 TI - Hypothalamic hamartoma successfully treated by operation. Case report. AB - An 18-month-old boy was diagnosed as having a hypothalamic hamartoma. When he was 1 year old, he developed precocious puberty, and at 18 months old, endocrinological tests revealed abnormally high follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and testosterone levels. The center of the hamartoma was subtotally excised, as confirmed on the postoperative computerized tomography scan. Precocious puberty subsided after the operation. PMID- 3918145 TI - Enteral hyperalimentation in head injury. AB - The objectives of this study were to determine the ability of enteral hyperalimentation to meet the caloric and protein requirements in acute severe head injury, and to study the effect of increasing protein intake on nitrogen balance. This consecutive series of 20 patients suffered acute severe head injury and remained comatose for at least 24 hours. They were all without other major injuries, and were treated with steroids. These patients were randomly placed in two comparable treatment groups: one group was fed with an enteral formula containing 14% of its calories as protein and the other group received a formula containing 22% protein calories. Feedings were advanced to replace 140% of caloric expenditure measured by indirect calorimetry, averaging 3500 kcal/24 hr. Balance periods of the targeted intake were 7 days in duration, and were begun during the 1st week after injury for 65% of patients and in the 2nd week after injury for 35% of patients. The lower protein group received an average of 26.8 gm/24 hr of nitrogen, equivalent to 188 gm of protein, and the higher protein group 34.3 gm/24 hr, equivalent to 231 gm of protein. Nitrogen balance was -9.2 +/- 6.7 gm/24 hr in the lower protein group and -5.3 +/- 5.0 gm/24 hr in the higher protein group, but the difference did not reach statistical significance because of sample size and variability in extent of catabolism among patients. Despite the hyperalimentation, there was a mean negative cumulative nitrogen balance of 200 gm by the 2nd week after injury, and only three patients achieved net nitrogen equilibrium for the 7-day balance period. Despite enteral hyperalimentation, the patients' weight fell by 15% in the 2nd week, serum albumin was often decreased, and creatinine-height index decreased over time but remained in a normal range. Monitoring urinary urea nitrogen, which has been advocated as a generally available technique for measuring urinary nitrogen concentration, was found to be a poor measure of urinary nitrogen excretion. This work has demonstrated: 1) that high caloric and protein feedings may be delivered for prolonged periods enterally for most patients in the acute phase of head injury with few metabolic complications, and 2) that increasing the nitrogen content of feedings from 14% to 22% may somewhat improve nitrogen retention, although nitrogen equilibrium is seldom achieved. PMID- 3918147 TI - Heterotopic bone formation: clinical, laboratory, and imaging correlation. AB - The clinical findings, laboratory data, radiographs, and radionuclide studies of 50 patients referred for evaluation of possible heterotopic bone formation (HBF) were reviewed. HBF begins approximately 17 days following injury or neurologic insult, heralded by an acute rise in serum alkaline phosphatase (SAP), and increased vascularity on three-phase radionuclide bone imaging (RNBI). RNBI soft tissue uptake is evident at 24 days and radiographic calcification is visible 1 wk later. Clinical signs and symptoms occur relatively late in the course of disease. HBF mimics thrombophlebitis and should be considered in all patients referred for venography if the clinical situation is appropriate. Serial SAP measurements and three-phase RNBI should allow early diagnosis in virtually all cases. PMID- 3918148 TI - Chemotoxicity of indium-111 oxine in mammalian cells. AB - We have studied the uptake and toxicity of [111In]oxine in Chinese hamster V79 lung fibroblasts. The incorporation of the radionuclide into these cells reached a plateau within 2 hr. Uptake was proportional to the extracellular radioactive concentration. Both radioactive and "decayed" [111In]oxine exhibited similar toxicities, indicating that the observed toxicity was chemical in nature. These results are discussed in terms of the present status of this radiolabeling agent. PMID- 3918149 TI - Epithelial jaw cysts: 10 years of the WHO classification. AB - Numerous papers on epithelial jaw cysts have appeared in the decade since the publication in 1971 of the WHO histological classification of odontogenic tumours, jaw cysts, and allied lesions. Despite clarification of certain cyst varieties no major revisions are necessary. The following minor modifications are proposed. In the developmental odontogenic group, the terms keratocyst and follicular are preferred to primordial and dentigerous. The alveolar cyst of infants is categorised separately from the gingival cyst of adults. The developmental lateral periodontal cyst is included as a distinctive new type. In the non-odontogenic group the globulomaxillary is deleted as a unique entity, whereas the midpalatal cyst of infants is a new inclusion. To the inflammatory category are added the inflammatory follicular and inflammatory lateral periodontal varieties. PMID- 3918150 TI - Ultrastructural features of the dental follicle associated with formation of the tooth eruption pathway in the dog. AB - The dental follicle is a loose connective tissue layer that surrounds the developing and erupting tooth. The follicle is necessary for tooth eruption in dogs and specific cellular changes occur in the follicle at the onset of tooth eruption. In particular, within the coronal region of the follicle next to areas of subsequent bone resorption there is an increase in mononuclear cells which have the ultrastructure features of monocytes and contain specific granules characteristic of preosteoclasts. The follicle has an extensive microvasculature and monocytes are often seen adjacent to capillaries and venules. Monocytes increase in number in direct proportion to the increase in osteoclasts that form the eruption pathway and decrease in number as soon as this activity is completed. It is postulated that monocytes enter the follicle from the microvasculature and then migrate to the walls of the bony crypt to participate in the formation of the eruption pathway. PMID- 3918151 TI - Maxillary sinus cancer: a study of 33 cases. AB - A retrospective analysis of 33 cases of maxillary sinus cancer seen at R.P.M.I. between 1970 and 1979 was performed. The age of the patients ranged from 18-88 years, with a median age of 60.3. The male to female ratio was 2:1.3. Twenty seven (81.8%) of the cases were squamous cell carcinomas. Of the 33 cases, there were no cases in Stage 1, 2 cases in Stage 2, 8 and 23 in Stages 3 and 4, respectively. The 5-year survival among the patients who were available for a long-term follow-up was 36.4% (8 of 22). The 5-year survival was best for Stage 3 disease (75%) and Stage 4, without local and/or distant metastasis (57.14%). No patient with metastasis lived for more than 3 years. While poorer diagnosis could be related to the degree of local involvement and presence of metastasis, it could not be related to site of involvement, previous treatment, histological findings or delay in diagnosis. Correlation of treatment with prognosis is difficult because selection of treatment is based on a variety of factors, including stage of disease and patient acceptance of treatment. Of the 4 patients treated with surgery alone, all 4 survived for 5 years. Of the 8 patients treated with combined surgery and radiation, 4 survived for 5 years and 2 died without evidence of tumor before 2 years. Other treatments were far less successful. PMID- 3918152 TI - Effects of hypothyroidism on the DNA, carbohydrate, soluble protein and sialic acid contents of rat submandibular glands. AB - Submandibular glands are a target organ of thyroid hormones. This study examined the effects of hypothyroidism on the biochemical characteristics of these glands in the rat. There were no effects on the neutral sugar and DNA contents. However, soluble protein concentrations (micrograms/mg wet weight) were significantly decreased and sialic acid concentrations micrograms/mg soluble protein) were significantly elevated. PMID- 3918154 TI - International Association of Oral Pathologists. Second scientific meeting, Noordwijkerhout, The Netherlands, June 4th to 7th, 1984. Abstracts of free communications. PMID- 3918153 TI - Cysts of the jaws: recent advances. PMID- 3918155 TI - Oral lesion in a patient with calcinosis and arthritis: case report and differential diagnosis. AB - Calcinosis, the process whereby calcium salts are deposited in soft tissues, may be idiopathic, metastatic or dystrophic. Metastatic calcinosis develops in a variety of systemic diseases characterized by either hypercalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, or both. Dystrophic calcinosis refers to calcification of previously damaged or necrotic tissue. It may be found accompanying inflammatory or degenerative conditions and is frequently associated with connective tissue diseases. When pathologic calcification is widespread, an attempt must be made to determine the underlying cause. A case is presented in which there was multifocal calcium deposition in soft tissues, including an intra-oral site. The patient also exhibited severe arthritis, sicca syndrome, focal alopecia and vitiligo. In view of this clinical spectrum, one of the "collagen diseases" (dermatomyositis, lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and scleroderma) was suspected as a predisposing factor for disseminated calcinosis. When diagnostic workup failed to reveal a specific connective tissue disease, it was concluded that "undifferentiated connective tissue disease" was responsible for dystrophic calcinosis. PMID- 3918156 TI - Control of ventilation in subsequent siblings of victims of sudden infant death syndrome. AB - To learn whether the ventilatory responses to hypoxia (17% O2) and hypercapnea (4% CO2) differ in the subsequent siblings of sudden infant death victims (SIDS), we studied seven normal control infants, nine infants who had had a prolonged apneic spell (apneic infants), and 10 subsequent siblings of SIDS (mean ages 10.4 weeks, 15 weeks, and 10 weeks, respectively). With inhalation of 17% O2, one of seven controls, two of nine apneic infants, and seven of 10 siblings of SIDS breathed periodically (controls vs siblings, P less than 0.04). Heart rate and end-tidal PCO2 did not change, but respiratory rate decreased in the siblings (45 to 31 breaths per minute, P less than 0.001). Arousal occurred during 25% of the hypoxic challenges in the controls and apneic infants but was not seen in the siblings of SIDS (control vs siblings P less than 0.08, apneic vs siblings P less than 0.05). With inhalation of 4% CO2 there was a similar increase in estimated ventilation among the three groups. Arousal occurred 33% of the time in all three groups. Our findings show that, after 5 weeks of age, siblings of SIDS have a normal response to hypercapnea but respond to mild hypoxia with periodic breathing. PMID- 3918157 TI - Estimation of PaCO2 by two noninvasive methods in the critically ill newborn infant. AB - Simultaneous measurements of arterial, transcutaneous, and peak expired carbon dioxide were obtained in 24 newborn infants receiving mechanical ventilation during the first week after birth. Two calibration algorithms designed to estimate PaCO2 from the noninvasive measurements were then examined. Both approaches entailed finding a statistical relationship by which future noninvasive measurement could be used to estimate the arterial value rather then measuring it directly. The first utilized the difference between the initial paired measurements (an in vivo calibration); the second used the mean difference between all measurements in the population. Adjusted tcPCO2 measurements by either the in vivo calibration or by the population-based factor led to estimates of PaCO2 with 95% confidence limits of +/- 6 to +/- 8 torr. In contrast, this degree of precision for the peak expired CO2 measurement was only possible using the in vivo calibration method. The use of an airway adaptor for PCO2 measurement led to CO2 retention in more than half of the infants. Transcutaneous monitoring had no significant effects on the infants, but was hampered by excessive drift and erratic sensitivity of the electrodes. PMID- 3918158 TI - Distribution of copper in the serum of the parenterally fed premature infant. PMID- 3918159 TI - Treatment of status epilepticus in children with rectal sodium valproate. PMID- 3918160 TI - Taurine modulation of calcium binding to cardiac sarcolemma. AB - A sarcolemma-enriched membrane fraction (SL) was prepared from the hearts of Sprague-Dawley rats and its ability to bind Ca++ was measured by equilibrium dialysis. We found that the effect of taurine on SL Ca++ binding varied with the buffer and with Na+ concentration. In Tris, in the presence of Na+ (140 mM), taurine (10 mM) increased the affinity but decreased the maximal binding of Ca++ (0.5-7 mM). In the absence of Na+, taurine decreased the affinity without altering the maximal binding. These effects on Ca++ binding were absent in bicarbonate or Krebs-Henseleit buffers. However, incubations with A23187, a Ca++ ionophore, and lanthanum, a Ca++ antagonist, indicated that SL membranes incubated in Tris, but not in buffers containing bicarbonate, were sealed vesicles with internal environments low in Ca++. High-affinity binding of Ca++ (10(-6)-10(-4) M) was measured in modified Krebs-Henseleit buffers. Taurine decreased Ca++ binding in a high-Na+ (145 mM), low-K+ (4.7 mM) buffer. Taurine increased Ca++ binding in both 4.7 mM Na+-145 mM K+ and 25 mM Na+-4.7 mM K+ buffers. Taurine also increased Ca++ binding in the presence of ATP. Thus, taurine increased high-affinity Ca++ binding in "intracellular" buffers, but it did not affect low-affinity Ca++ binding in "extracellular" buffers. These results suggest taurine may exert its cardiotonic actions through modulation of the high-affinity Ca++ binding sites on the internal aspect of the SL. PMID- 3918161 TI - Evidence for the secretion of immunoreactive neurophysin I in addition to oxytocin from the ovary in cattle. AB - In Exp. I, blood samples were collected simultaneously from the posterior vena cava and jugular vein or aorta from 7 heifers every 5-20 min for 2-5 h. Concomitant pulsatile secretion of oxytocin and immunoreactive neurophysin I was detected in the vena cava, but not in the jugular vein or aorta. Concentrations of oxytocin and immunoreactive neurophysin increased earlier and were higher in the vena cava than in the jugular vein or aorta after the injection of a luteolytic dose of prostaglandin F-2 alpha analogue during the mid-luteal phase of the oestrous cycle, demonstrating its ovarian but not pituitary origin. In Exp. II, blood samples were collected from the jugular vein every 12 h during 1 week after oestrus. Follicular growth had been stimulated during the preceding oestrous cycle with PMSG (10 heifers and cows) or with FSH (5 animals); 6 heifers served as controls. There was a high correlation between the number of follicles or CL and the increase in oxytocin and immunoreactive neurophysin I. Although PMSG had a greater luteotrophic effect than did FSH on progesterone secretion, a similar stimulation of oxytocin and immunoreactive neurophysin I was not observed. It is concluded that immunoreactive neurophysin I and oxytocin are secreted from the ovary in concentrations dependent upon the number of corpora lutea (and of follicles) present. During the mid-luteal period the secretion occurs in a concomitant pulsatile fashion. PMID- 3918162 TI - Ram-induced growth of ovarian follicles and gonadotrophin inhibition in anoestrous ewes. AB - Southdown ewes in mid-seasonal anoestrus were exposed to rams for 0 h (control group), 2 h, 24 h, 40 h, 3 days, 10 days or 20 days. Serial blood samples were then taken to determine LH and FSH levels. Ewes with greater than 24 h ram exposure were ovariectomized immediately after bleeding, and all follicles greater than 1 mm diameter were dissected from the ovaries and measured. LH basal concentrations and pulse frequency increased significantly within 2 h of ram introduction, but by 24 h fell, and then remained low. FSH concentrations fell within 2 h of ram introduction and remained low. Control group ewes (isolated) had no follicles greater than 4 mm diameter, whereas all ewes exposed to rams had large follicles, with CL or preovulatory follicles present at 40 h after ram introduction. Ram introduction was also associated with follicle recruitment (antrum formation to less than 2 mm). Follicular recruitment and development to the large follicle stage therefore occurred during a period of low plasma gonadotrophin levels and suppressed LH pulsing. PMID- 3918163 TI - Neonatal androgen abolishes clock-timed gonadotrophin release in prepubertal and adult female hamsters. AB - Testosterone propionate (100 micrograms) or oil was injected within 24 h of birth. At 25 days of age blood samples were obtained at 14:00, 17:00 and 20:00 h. There was a significant increase in serum LH, FSH and progesterone concentrations between 14:00 and 17:00 h in the controls, followed by a decrease at 20:00 h. These rhythms were absent in testosterone propionate-injected animals. Ovariectomy of adults was followed by similar increases of LH and FSH in androgenized and oil-injected females (gonadectomy response) but the large surge of gonadotrophins observed in controls 1 day after implantation of an oestradiol containing capsule (positive feedback) was not detectable in androgenized females. These results show that the initial effects of neonatal androgenization on cyclic gonadotrophin release in the female are present before puberty and are separable from effects on steroid modulation of gonadotrophin secretion. PMID- 3918164 TI - Effect of constant-release implants of melatonin on seasonal cycles in reproduction, prolactin secretion and moulting in rams. AB - Seasonal cycles in the size of the testes, blood plasma concentration of testosterone, FSH and prolactin, intensity of the sexual skin flush, timing of rutting behaviour and moulting of the body coat were recorded in Soay rams after s.c. implantation of melatonin contained in a Silastic envelope which increased the circulating blood levels of melatonin to 200-600 pg/ml for many months. Two groups of 8 adult rams were held under alternating periods of short days (8L:16D) and long days (16L:8D) to drive the seasonal cycles and the treatments with melatonin were initiated during the long or short days, and one group of 8 ram lambs was kept out of doors and given implants during the long days of summer (4 melatonin-implanted and 4 control (empty implants) rams per group). The treatments demonstrated that melatonin implants during exposure to long days resulted in a rapid 'switch on' of reproductive redevelopment similar to that produced by exposure to short days melatonin implants prevented the rams from showing the normal responses to changes in the prevailing photoperiod rendering them nonphotoperiodic; and long-term cyclic changes in testicular activity, prolactin secretion and other characteristics occurred in the melatonin-implanted rams; the pattern was similar to that previously observed in rams exposed to prolonged periods of short days. The overall results are consistent with the view that melatonin is the physiological hormone that relays the effects of changing photoperiod on reproduction and other seasonal features, and that continuous exogenous melatonin from an implant interferes with the normal 'signal' and produces an over-riding short-day response. PMID- 3918165 TI - Effect of trifluoperazine, a calmodulin antagonist, on prostaglandin output from the guinea-pig uterus. AB - Trifluoperazine, a calmodulin antagonist, inhibited the A23187-induced increase in outputs of prostaglandin (PG) F-2 alpha and 6-oxo-PGF-1 alpha from the Day 7 and Day 15 guinea-pig uterus superfused in vitro. The basal outputs of, and the arachidonic acid-induced increase in outputs of PGF-2 alpha, PGE-2 and 6-oxo-PGF 1 alpha from the guinea-pig uterus were not inhibited by trifluoperazine. In contrast, indomethacin inhibited A23187-stimulated, arachidonic acid-stimulated and the basal outputs of PGs from the guinea-pig uterus, indicating that trifluoperazine was not inhibiting cyclo-oxygenase. Since the action of A23187 is dependent upon extracellular Ca2+, the present findings provide evidence that calmodulin is involved in Ca2+-induced increases in uterine PG output from the guinea-pig uterus. Trifluoperazine, but not indomethacin, inhibited A23187 induced contraction of the guinea-pig uterus, which is consistent with calmodulin being involved in smooth muscle contraction. Arachidonic acid treatment did not contract the guinea-pig uterus. These findings indicate that PGs are not involved in the contraction induced by A23187. Other findings of interest were (i) trifluoperazine caused a small, sometimes significant (P less than 0.05), increase in uterine PG output, (ii) exogenous arachidonic acid failed to increase PGF-2 alpha output from the Day 15 uterus in contrast to the stimulant action of A23187, and (iii) exogenous arachidonic acid caused a fairly large increase in uterine PGE-2 output in contrast to the small effect with A23187. PMID- 3918166 TI - Effects of gonadotrophins on progesterone production by isolated granulosa cells of the adenohypophysectomized domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus). AB - Ovine LH and ovine FSH stimulated progesterone production in granulosa cells isolated from the F1, F2 and F3 follicles of hypophysectomized and control (sham operation) hens when they were collected 6 h after operation, but the steroidogenic response to LH was greater for granulosa cells from hypophysectomized hens. At 15 h after operation progesterone production by granulosa cells was stimulated by LH in all 3 follicle types of control hens, but only in the F1 follicles of hypophysectomized hens. The response to FSH at 15 h was similar for control and hypophysectomized hens. The time after hypophysectomy therefore appears to affect the LH-stimulated progesterone production by granulosa cells of the F2 and F3 follicles. PMID- 3918167 TI - Effects of melatonin implants in ram lambs. AB - Sixteen pinealectomized and 19 unoperated ewes were exposed to constant light for about 4 weeks before and 4 weeks after lambing. Six ram lambs born to unoperated ewes were implanted s.c. with melatonin sachets while 8 ram lambs were implanted with empty sachets. The 8 ram lambs born to pinealectomized dams also received empty implants. Ewes and lambs were then returned to the field. Analysis of weekly blood samples indicated that prolactin secretion was significantly decreased in the ram lambs with empty implants between 44-51 weeks of age whereas lambs treated with melatonin failed to show a significant change during development. All 3 groups of rams had elevated LH levels between 7 and 17 weeks of age, and a second period of high LH between 27 and 40 weeks. There were no significant differences between groups in the patterns of FSH secretion; FSH was highest between 7 and 17 weeks of age, and again between 27 and 40 weeks of age. Plasma testosterone levels in all groups increased gradually between 4 and 35 weeks. Between 38 and 48 weeks of age testosterone concentrations were markedly elevated in all groups. Growth was not affected by melatonin treatment. These results indicate that neonatal melatonin treatment has subtle endocrine effects; whether these effects are sufficient to compromise fertility in the ram, however, remains to be established. PMID- 3918169 TI - Imidazo[1,5-a]pyridines: a new class of thromboxane A2 synthetase inhibitors. AB - The synthesis and structure-activity profile of a new class of potent and highly specific thromboxane A2 synthetase inhibitors is described. The most potent member of this series in vitro is determined to be imidazo[1,5-a]-pyridine-5 hexanoic acid (9). PMID- 3918170 TI - Structure-activity studies on the N-terminal region of growth hormone releasing factor. AB - In previous reports illustrating the effects of conformational restriction of the N-terminal region of human pancreatic growth hormone releasing factor, we demonstrated that D-amino acid substitutions in either of positions 1, 2, or 3 resulted in greatly increased growth hormone releasing activity both in vivo and in vitro. The most active compound, [D-Ala-2]GRF(1-29)NH2, was 51 times more active than the parent 29 amino acid peptide in the sodium pentobarbital anesthetized rat. These observations have now been extended to analogues containing multiple D-amino acid replacements in these three positions. Once again, peptides with superagonist potencies ranging from 1200% to 3800% were obtained after solid-phase synthesis and purification by medium-pressure reverse phase liquid chromatography. In addition, it was found that [D-Asn-8]- and [D-Ala 4]GRF(1-29)NH2 were, respectively, 2.43 and 1.1 times more active than GRF(1 29)NH2 itself. In contrast, [D-Phe-6] and [D-Thr-7] analogues were virtually inactive. Chou-Fasman structural predictions suggest that the first three residues of the peptide assume no fixed type of conformation but that a reverse turn could be present between residues 6 and 10. Attempts are made to rationalize the biological results with these calculations. The effects of other side chains on the D-amino acid in position 2 were also investigated. Both the Ac-[D-Phe-2]- and Ac-[D-Arg-2]peptides had very low activity. Several of the inactive peptides were tested as possible antagonists of GRF; however, none was able to block the stimulatory effects of GRF(1-29)NH2 after combined administration. PMID- 3918168 TI - Treatment of respiratory failure: a review. PMID- 3918171 TI - Synthesis and antitumor activity of a series of ftorafur analogues: the effect of varying electronegativity at the 1'-position. AB - To test the effect of changes in electronegativity within the alicyclic N-1 substituent 5-fluorouracil analogues on cytotoxic activity, a series of derivatives of ftorafur, 1-(2'-tetrahydrofuranyl)-5-fluorouracil, was synthesized and tested for antitumor activity in the P388 lymphocytic leukemia screen and cytotoxic activity in the L1210 cell culture screen. Two compounds of N-1 substituent with high electronegativity, the 2'-tetrahydrothiophene 1'-oxide and the 2'-tetrahydrothiophene 1',1'-dioxide derivatives, demonstrated the highest in vitro L1210 cell inhibition (84.5% and 92.0%, respectively). Furthermore, against P388 lymphocytic leukemia in vivo, the 2'-tetrahydrothiophene 1'-oxide derivative showed significant activity (T/C = 143). Other compounds of similar or lower electronegativity within the N-1 cyclic substituent were inactive against P388 lymphocytic leukemia and less active against L1210 cells. PMID- 3918172 TI - PSE-4 beta lactamase: a serotype-specific enzyme in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - PSE-4 enzyme is the most common plasmidic beta lactamase in Pseudomonas aeruginosa but its production is invariably non-transferable by conjugation. Of 20 PSE-4+ isolates from 10 separate sources, 16 were serotype O:16 and two belonged to the related O:2(b) serotype. One of the two remaining organisms was not O-typable and the other was agglutinated by several unrelated antisera. Examination of additional O:16 strains confirmed the unusual frequency of PSE-4 enzyme in this serotype. None of the PSE-4+ strains was able to transfer carbenicillin resistance in mating experiments and none contained extrachromosomal DNA. Two explanations of the relationship between enzyme production and O antigenicity are proposed. PSE-4 production may be transmissible, perhaps by transduction, between strains of O:16 or related serotypes, or PSE-4+ P. aeruginosa may represent a disseminated subtype. A third hypothesis, that the PSE-4 coding element carried serotype determinants, was discounted. PSE-4+ and PSE-4- P. aeruginosa strains of O:16 and related serotypes were found to represent a definite cluster by their phage-susceptibility pattern and pyocin type (type 1). The only characters linked to PSE-4 production were resistance to spectinomycin, streptomycin and sulphonamide and the genes responsible for these characters seemed to occur on the PSE-4 coding element. PMID- 3918173 TI - Evaluation of stabilised cells in the indirect haemagglutination test for echinococcosis. AB - We have evaluated the use of sheep red-blood cells stabilised in various ways in indirect haemagglutination tests on the sera of 21 surgically confirmed cases of echinococcosis, and on control sera. Tests with Double-Aldehyde-Stabilised cells treated sequentially with pyruvic aldehyde, tannic acid and glutaraldehyde-were more sensitive than tests with the cells treated only with formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde or pyruvic aldehyde, and subsequently tanned. PMID- 3918174 TI - Polymer-level synthesis of oxopyrimidine deoxynucleotides by Bacillus subtilis phage SP10: characterization of modification-defective mutants. AB - Bacillus subtilis phage SP10 DNA has two oxopyrimidines, thymidine 5' monophosphate (dTMP) and its hypermodified analog (YdTMP). Published data suggest that both are synthesized by postreplicational modification of 5 hydroxymethyldeoxyuridylate (HOMedUMP) in nascent DNA by the following pathway: HOMedUMP----PPOMedUMP----dTMP (85%) or YdTMP (15%); PPOMedUMP is 5-(hydroxymethyl O-pyrophosphoryl)deoxyuridylate, the pyrophosphoric acid ester of the C5CH2OH function of HOMedUMP. This paper describes aberrant DNAs synthesized at nonpermissive temperatures by a complementary series of heat-sensitive, modification-defective (mod) mutants. Collectively, these mutants encompass the major steps in the complete modification of nascent SP10 DNA. DNA produced by modA phage retains HOMedUMP as its sole oxopyrimidine, implying that (i) this mutant is defective in the pyrophosphorylation step and (ii) formation of PPOMedUMP is required for any further modification. Furthermore, studies with double mutants indicated that modA is epistatic for all other mod mutants, which supports the hypothesis that modA controls the earliest step in the modification pathway. Since their DNAs contain no YdTMP, modC and modD are defective in hypermodification (i.e., PPOMedUMP----YdTMP). However, dTMP occupies the entire oxopyrimidine fraction of modC DNA, whereas modD DNA has a normal dTMP content, but the now-missing YdTMP is replaced by either PPOMedUMP or a byproduct of abortive hypermodification. It is proposed that the modD mutants are defective in the catalytic aspects of hypermodification and that modC are defective in some regulatory function that promotes hypermodification at the expense of reductive modification (i.e., PPOMedUMP----dTMP). Reductive modification is defective in modB phage, as evidenced by the absence of dTMP. In contrast to the others, modB DNA has a complex oxopyrimidine content: HOMedUMP, ca. 30%; PPOMedUMP, ca. 40%; and YdTMP, ca. 30%. The expanded level of YdTMP suggests that at certain sites, reductive modification and hypermodification are competing reactions. Interestingly, the PPOMedUMP content of modB DNA seemingly reflects the maximum degree to which phage DNA can be pyrophosphorylated, since the loss of YdTMP from modBmodC and modBmodD DNAs results in a unilateral increase in HOMedUMP content. PMID- 3918175 TI - Biology of cloned cytotoxic T lymphocytes specific for lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: clearance of virus and in vitro properties. AB - We have generated lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus-specific, H-2-restricted cytotoxic thymus-derived lymphocyte (CTL) clones. By using these reagents in several in vitro assays with infected target cells, we show that CTLs by themselves prevent the release of infectious virus into culture fluids and significantly lower the titers of infectious virus previously produced. This ability of cloned CTLs is not influenced by monensin. However, monensin does abrogate the ability of CTLs from spleens of mice primed 6 to 8 days previously with virus to kill virus-infected syngeneic targets. When tested for the participation of lymphokines in this system, the CTLs proliferate when reacted with syngeneic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus-infected macrophages but fail to make interleukin-2. These CTLs make gamma interferon when reacted with syngeneic virus-infected targets. However, the production of interferon does not directly correlate with CTL-mediated killing. The number of H-2K and D molecules expressed on the target cell surface is not altered during the course of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection. Electron microscopy shows finger like projections of the CTL clone thrust into the infected cell and lesions bearing an internal diameter of approximately 15 nm in those membranes, illustrating the lytic process. PMID- 3918177 TI - Long-term intravesical thiotepa treatment in patients with superficial bladder tumors and vesicoureteral reflux. AB - We studied the incidence of myelosuppression and renal function in 33 patients treated by repeated resections of bladder tumors and thiotepa instillations for at least 26 months in the presence of vesicoureteral reflux. Of the 33 patients 28 had unilateral and 5 had bilateral reflux. Transient myelosuppression occurred in 5 patients (15.1 per cent), including 2 with bilateral reflux. Renal function remained stable in all but 2 patients who had decreased renal function when thiotepa was started. Our experience has shown that long-term thiotepa instillation in the presence of vesicoureteral reflux is relatively safe, with no significantly increased incidence of myelosuppression and no detrimental effect on renal function. PMID- 3918176 TI - Scrapie PrP 27-30 is a sialoglycoprotein. AB - The major scrapie prion protein, designated PrP 27-30, exhibited both charge and size heterogeneity after purification from infected hamster brains. Eight or more discrete charge isomers of PrP 27-30 with isoelectric points ranging from approximately pH 4.6 to 7.9 were found by using non-equilibrium pH gradient electrophoresis in the first dimension followed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the second dimension. The charge isomers were detected by silver staining as well as by radioiodination. The procedures used to disaggregate PrP 27-30 before electrophoresis in the first dimension do not appear to be responsible for the charge heterogeneity. However, heating PrP 27-30 to 100 degrees C for 15 min in 0.1 N NaOH or 0.1 N HCl resulted in modification of the protein and alteration of its electrophoretic pattern. A PrP 27-30 fragment (molecular weight, 17,100 to 21,900) obtained by cyanogen bromide cleavage also exhibited charge and size heterogeneity. Periodic acid-Schiff staining of PrP 27-30 electrophoresed into sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels demonstrated that carbohydrate residues are attached to the protein. Digestion of PrP 27-30 with neuraminidase and endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H resulted in significant changes in the isoelectric pH of PrP 27-30 isomers, whereas digestion with alkaline phosphatase had no effect. Our results demonstrate that PrP 27-30 is a sialoglycoprotein; this is consistent with several properties of this protein and of the scrapie prion. PMID- 3918178 TI - Evaluation of sperm parameters in clinical trial with clomiphene citrate of oligospermic men. AB - A randomized group of 101 oligospermic men, with low or normal serum follicle stimulating hormone levels and infertile marriages of more than 2 years were studied with and without clomiphene citrate. For 6 to 9 months 56 patients were treated with 50 mg. clomiphene citrate daily and 45 men were given no treatment. Significant improvement in volume, sperm density and sperm motility was observed in the treated group but not in the control group. Sperm density greater than 20 times 10(6) per ml. was obtained in 18 men and there were 7 pregnancies in the treated group. In the control group 3 men had a sperm count greater than 20 times 10(6) per ml. and there was no pregnancy. This study showed statistically significant improvement in sperm parameters in the treated group but not in the untreated patients. PMID- 3918179 TI - Neonatal bladder rupture: case report and review of literature. AB - Neonatal bladder rupture is rare. A review of the literature revealed less than 16 cases. A case of posterior urethral valves and associated neonatal ascites due to bladder perforation is presented. PMID- 3918180 TI - The effect of an aldose reductase inhibiting agent on limited joint mobility in diabetic patients. AB - Improvement in range of motion and in strength of digital flexion and extension is reported in three diabetic subjects with the syndrome of limited joint mobility. Therapy was accomplished with sorbinil, an inhibitor of the enzyme aldose reductase, which inhibits the polyol pathway. We propose that reduction in collagen hydration secondary to reduced tissue content of polyols may participate in the clinical response. PMID- 3918181 TI - Immunization of US children with Hemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide vaccine. A cost-effectiveness model of strategy assessment. AB - Hemophilus influenzae type b (HIB) is the leading cause of bacterial meningitis in the United States. Efforts are under way to develop vaccines immunogenic in children younger than 18 months, but clinical efficacy of a previously developed HIB polysaccharide vaccine has already been established in children aged 18 months or older. We developed a cost-effectiveness model to evaluate immunizing US children with this HIB polysaccharide vaccine pending development of a more immunogenic product. The model permitted comparison of the impact of alternative strategies for use of the vaccine, including universal use at 18 or 24 months of age, use of a second dose after primary immunization, and use in high-risk groups such as day-care-center attendees. Universal vaccination at 18 or 24 months of age resulted in similar estimates of disease prevented, as a consequence of the higher expected efficacy and duration of immunity for the vaccine when given at 24 months. Overall, the implementation of routine childhood immunization against HIB at 18 months of age was the most cost-effective strategy. Universal vaccination at 18 months of age combined with a second dose for day-care-center attendees would substantially increase the number of cases prevented, with a minimal increase in costs. Universal vaccination with a two-dose schedule beginning at 18 months of age could prevent the most disease. PMID- 3918182 TI - The hospital transfusion committee. Guidelines for improving practice. PMID- 3918183 TI - Is Hemophilus influenzae type b disease preventable? PMID- 3918184 TI - Laboratory devised prostaglandin derivatives offer antiulcer promise. PMID- 3918185 TI - The need for Diagnosis-Related Group 471. Protection for clinical research. PMID- 3918186 TI - The impact of prospective payment on clinical research. PMID- 3918187 TI - Immune status of blood product recipients. AB - Persons with hemophilia are at risk of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), and clinically asymptomatic hemophiliacs have shown a high incidence of AIDS-like immune abnormalities, facts leading to speculation that many hemophiliacs have been exposed to the AIDS agent through their blood products. We therefore evaluated the immune status of three groups of blood product recipients without AIDS in New York City, including 47 persons with hemophilia A receiving factor VIII concentrate, 50 persons with homozygous beta-thalassemia, and 27 persons with sickle cell anemia receiving frozen-packed RBCs and 20 healthy persons who had not received a transfusion. Hemophiliac participants had significantly lower lymphocyte counts (median, 1,826/cu mm) than did the thalassemic (6,110/cu mm) or anemic (4,443/cu mm) participants, had lower numbers of T-helper lymphocytes (median, 533 cells/cu mm v 1,733 cells/cu mm and 1,554 cells/cu mm), and had a lower T-helper/suppressor ratio (median, 0.8 v 1.8 and 2.1). These differences remained after adjustment for age and sex. Thus, AIDS like immune abnormalities were found in patients receiving factor concentrate, but not in those receiving RBCs. These defects could be due to both an immunosuppressive effect of the lyophilized factor itself and to contact with the AIDS agent. PMID- 3918188 TI - Benefits of danazol treatment in patients with hemophilia A (classic hemophilia). AB - Danazol, an attenuated androgen, was given intermittently in three patients with hemophilia A. The rise in factor VIII activity with danazol treatment was associated with a fivefold decrease in hemorrhagic episodes and plasma concentrate product utilization when compared with similar periods without the drug. Four other patients with moderate hemophilia A who received danazol for 14 days had an increase of 400% to 850% in their factor VIII levels. Of four patients without detectable levels of factor VIII who were treated with danazol, two had elevations of the factor VIII level, to 3% and 4%, respectively. Danazol appears to be an effective treatment for patients with hemophilia A. PMID- 3918189 TI - Pseudomonas dermatitis associated with a swimming pool. AB - One hundred forty-seven (66%) of 224 scouts and chaperons were interviewed after a weekend visit to a dude ranch in upstate New York. One hundred seventeen (80%) complained of papular rashes or eye and ear inflammation. Onset of illness occurred within 24 to 48 hours of arrival at the ranch. After controlling for participation in other available activities, only swimming was found to be associated with illness. Pseudomonas aeruginosa serotype 0 11 grew from a culture of pool water and from 17 cultures of skin, eye, and ear lesions in visitors to the ranch. Follow-up was obtained for 76 of the affected persons for whom initial information was available. Mean duration of illness was 14.5 days (range, one to 40+ days). The recurrence rate was 24%. PMID- 3918190 TI - Streptococcal pharyngitis. Placebo-controlled double-blind evaluation of clinical response to penicillin therapy. AB - Forty-four children with a clinical diagnosis of streptococcal pharyngitis had throat cultures performed at the initial evaluation and were assigned by randomization to receive either oral penicillin or a placebo for 72 hours. The treating physician, who remained blind to the treatment regimen, recorded the child's temperature and assessed the presence and severity of other signs and symptoms initially and at 24, 48, and 72 hours. The throat culture was positive for group A beta-hemolytic streptococci in 26 (59%) of the initial study group, and most of these children developed a fourfold or greater titer rise in antistreptococcal antibodies in their serum, confirming the diagnosis of streptococcal pharyngitis. Statistically significant clinical improvement was observed in the group of 11 children who were later shown to have been taking penicillin compared with the group of 15 who had taken the placebo. Significant differences in the presence and degree of fever and severity of symptoms persisted in the placebo-treated group for 48 hours. We conclude that early penicillin treatment of children with streptococcal pharyngitis significantly alters the acute clinical course of the disease. PMID- 3918191 TI - Hematologic management of hemophilia A for surgery. AB - From mid-1967 to mid-1983, three hundred fifty surgical operations were performed on 163 patients with hemophilia A, without factor VIII inhibitor. One death occurred, in a patient with a serious head injury. Postoperative hemorrhages occurred after 23% of operations, but the incidence after surgery on the knee, 40%, was decidedly higher than the 15% incidence after operations at other sites. Concurrent plasma factor VIII levels were over 0.40 units/mL in 72% of instances and under 0.30 units/mL in only 15% of instances. The incidence of postoperative hemorrhage did not change over the study period despite a threefold increase in typical dosage of factor VIII (from 600 to 2,000 units/kg per operation) and doubling of typical trough factor VIII levels (from 0.37 units/mL to 0.70 units/mL). Circulating factor VIII levels apparently are not the sole determinants of postoperative bleeding in hemophilia A. PMID- 3918193 TI - 9th Clinical congress proceedings: American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, Inc. January 21-24, 1984, Aspen. Abstracts. PMID- 3918192 TI - The implications of industry moving into the field of home parenteral nutrition. PMID- 3918194 TI - Does long-term home parenteral nutrition in adult patients cause chronic liver disease? AB - Sixty patients with gut failure were treated with home parenteral nutrition for 2000 patient months. Fifty-one of these 60 patients had either no abnormalities or mild and transient elevations of their liver chemistries and did not have liver biopsies. Nine (15%) of 60 patients had abnormalities of liver tests that persisted from 8 to 95 months (median, 18 months) which prompted one or more liver biopsies per patient. Three patients had prolonged jaundice, one died of hepatic encephalopathy, and another with protracted intrahepatic cholestasis died following a biliary tract exploration. A third patient remains ill with signs and symptoms of chronic liver disease. Steatohepatitis was found in eight of the nine patients and was characterized by centrilobular and midzonal microvesicular and macrovesicular fatty changes with fat cysts, focal necrosis, and mixed inflammatory infiltrates. Centrilobular fibrosis was present in three patients and evidence of nodular regeneration in one. In the three patients demonstrating cholestasis, bile pigment was identified both in hepatocytes and canaliculi. Ceroid pigment in Kupffer cells was a consistent finding and much more severe than expected from the mildness of the hepatitis. Persistent abnormalities of liver chemistries in nine patients and progressive liver disease while receiving home parenteral nutrition in three patients are quite worrisome and suggest that home parenteral nutrition-associated steatohepatitis with or without cholestasis may progress to chronic liver disease. PMID- 3918195 TI - Intestinal consumption of intravenously administered fuels. AB - Total parenteral nutrition has been extensively used to feed patients with a variety of gastrointestinal diseases, but little attention has focused on the nutritional requirements of the gut. To investigate intestinal consumption of intravenously administered nutrients, uptake of three principal fuels determined from in vitro studies was quantitated in seven awake, unrestrained dogs. Portal blood flow was measured by a dye dilution technique and, simultaneously, substrate samples were obtained from chronic indwelling arterial and portal venous catheters. Studies were performed during a postabsorptive basal period and during separate infusions of glutamine (0.10 mmol/kg X min), glucose (0.10 mmol/kg X min), and beta-hydroxybutyrate, (0.40 mmol/kg X min). During the basal period there was a significant arterial-portal vein gradient for glucose (144 +/- 26 mumol/liter) and glutamine (49 +/- 11 mumol/liter). These substances were taken up by the gut at rates of 4.11 +/- 1.23 and 1.43 +/- 0.19 mumol/kg X min, respectively. No significant uptake of beta-hydroxybutyrate was determined in the basal studies (0.27 +/- 0.10 mumol/kg X min). During substrate infusion, gut glucose uptake was unchanged (2.68 +/- 1.67 mumol/kg X min, NS), but consumption of glutamine (4.60 +/- 0.66 mumol/kg X min, p less than 0.001) and beta hydroxybutyrate (4.33 +/- 0.71 mumol/kg X min, p less than 0.001) increased significantly. During parenteral feedings in patients with gastrointestinal disorders, circulating levels of beta-hydroxybutyrate and glutamine are often low, and glutamine is absent from standard amino acid solutions. Current parenteral formulation may not provide appropriate fuels for the gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 3918196 TI - Immune function during intravenous administration of a soybean oil emulsion. AB - The effect of a continuous infusion of a soybean oil emulsion on immune function was evaluated in 40 malnourished patients who were randomized to receive preoperatively either a 25% glucose-5% amino acid solution (group G) or a 15% glucose-3.3% Intralipid-5% amino acid solution (group G-F). Average length of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) was 10.3 +/- 0.9 days for group G and 9.0 +/- 0.8 days for group G-F. Initial nutritional status and response to TPN were similar for both groups. Immune function was assessed before TPN and after nutritional repletion prior to surgery for each patient. The levels of immunoglobulins, C3, C4, circulating B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes, suppressor T lymphocytes, natural killer cell activity, and monocytes were normal before TPN and after nutritional therapy. However, the total number of T cells and helper T cells were low before TPN and remained so after TPN. In addition, lymphocyte function measured by the lymphocyte blastogenic response to phytohemagglutinin and pokeweed mitogen was depressed prior to TPN and was not improved by either regimen. Neutrophil chemotaxis and bactericidal activity were not affected by either nutritional regimen while neutrophil phagocytosis was enhanced before TPN and remained elevated throughout TPN with either regimen. There were no differences in infection rates during TPN. The addition of Intralipid to the TPN regimen did not alter immune function in these patients who showed depressed cell mediated immunity before TPN compared with the standard glucose TPN regimen. PMID- 3918197 TI - Effect of injury, sepsis, and parenteral nutrition on high-energy phosphates in human liver and muscle. AB - This study examined the effect of varying degrees of resting hypermetabolism and total parenteral nutrition on muscle and hepatic high-energy phosphates. Twelve severely injured patients, five critically ill patients with normal blood pressure, and six severely ill patients on 1 wk of total parenteral nutrition were investigated, and the results were compared with those in 14 normal controls. High-energy phosphates were not significantly changed in liver and muscle after severe injury; lactate and pyruvate levels in both tissues were increased; glycogen levels in the liver were decreased. In critical illness, muscle and hepatic adenosine triphosphate as well as adenosine diphosphate were decreased significantly; energy charge potential dropped; adenosine monophosphate, lactate, and the ratio of lactate to pyruvate were increased. Liver glycogen, but not muscle glycogen, dropped remarkably. The correlation coefficient between hepatic and muscle adenosine triphosphate was 0.61. In patients on 1 wk of total parenteral nutrition, hepatic and muscle high-energy phosphates were not significantly changed before or during total parenteral nutrition. Alterations in the adenosine triphosphate-adenosine diphosphate adenosine monophosphate system in liver and muscle suggest a low-energy charge in severe injury and critical illness. This would indicate a decreased capacity for biosynthetic reactions and production of storage compounds. The changes of high energy phosphates in liver are always parallel to changes in muscle. PMID- 3918198 TI - Cost-effectiveness of nutritional support. PMID- 3918199 TI - Serial measurement of plasma cholesterol and lecithin:cholesterol acyl transferase activity in adults receiving total parenteral nutrition. AB - The effect of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) containing approximately 800 ml Nutralipid daily on plasma cholesterol and lecithin:cholesterol acyl transferase (LCAT) activity was studied in 11 adult hospital patients. LCAT was assayed using an endogenous (S/N) and an artificial (ASA) substrate to differentiate between altered plasma substrate composition (which would influence the S/N method) and enzyme quantity (measured by the exogenous ASA method). Total cholesterol levels increased significantly during TPN, but generally remained within normal range. In comparison to laboratory reference values, free cholesterol was elevated and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and ASA LCAT activity was reduced in patients before the start of TPN and remained unaltered by the TPN regime. S/N LCAT activity was normal and not altered by TPN. Since changes in plasma high density lipoprotein and free cholesterol and ASA LCAT were present in patients before TPN, it must be concluded that they resulted from the underlying disease rather than the TPN per se. Longitudinal analyses showed that during the first 21 days of TPN nine patients showed a further fall in ASA LCAT and a rise in free cholesterol, thereafter ASA LCAT activity rose and free cholesterol fell despite continuation of TPN. It is suggested that ASA is a more reliable indicator of cholesterol esterification than S/N and that change in LCAT activity, although not caused by TPN, was related to the altered plasma lipid profile in the patients studied. PMID- 3918200 TI - Multipurpose central venous access in the immunocompromised pediatric patient. AB - During a 21-month period, 50 consecutive pediatric oncology patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation and/or cytoreductive chemotherapy had 61 silastic central venous catheters placed to facilitate their therapy. All catheters were used for medications, routine blood sampling, and transfusions, with 45% also used for hyperalimentation and 57% used for bone marrow transplantation. Catheters were utilized during both inpatient and outpatient therapy periods. Total catheter days numbered 8455, an average of 139 days per catheter. Forty seven catheters (77%) were removed electively or were in place at time of patient death. Seven were removed for mechanical complications (1/1409 catheter days). Four additional episodes of presumed catheter sepsis were managed with antibiotics and did not require catheter removal (40% of septic episodes). One catheter is still in place after 585 days. Complication rates were not influenced by this multiple use protocol. With standardized catheter care and surveillance, multipurpose, long-term central venous access can be safely utilized in the immunosuppressed pediatric patient. PMID- 3918201 TI - Influence of total parenteral nutrition on protein metabolism following acute injury: assessment by urinary 3-methylhistidine excretion and nitrogen balance. AB - The use of total parenteral nutrition after acute injury, either surgical or accidental, is widely accepted for its important benefits, although it is not yet completely understood whether a reduction of body protein catabolism can be effectively achieved. We applied total parenteral nutrition to 14 critically ill patients after either trauma or major surgery. Their daily nitrogen balance, urinary 3-methylhistidine and creatinine excretion, and molar 3 methylhistidine/creatinine ratio, during initial 24-hr fasting period, were respectively -0.19 +/- 0.01 (SEM) g kg-1, 5.46 +/- 0.47 mumol kg-1, 27 +/- 4 mg kg-1, and 0.030 +/- 0.005. Daily nonprotein calorie intake of 31.11 +/- 0.58 kcal kg-1, as glucose, and administration of nitrogen 0.350 +/- 0.004 g kg-1, as 10% crystalline L-aminoacids solution, and insulin 1 IU every 5.03 +/- 0.14 g of glucose, resulted in progressive decline of urinary 3-methylhistidine (4.21 +/- 0.43 mumol kg-1, p less than 0.001), creatinine (22 +/- 2 mg kg-1, NS), and their molar ratio (0.022 +/- 0.002, NS). Mean nitrogen balance resulted in 0.032 +/- 0.008 g kg-1. Since urinary 3-methylhistidine role as a marker of protein catabolism is well established, its decrease under total parenteral nutrition together with greatly improved nitrogen balance, demonstrates that our treatment can effectively quench protein catabolism, meanwhile enhancing protein synthesis. PMID- 3918202 TI - Total parenteral nutrition with different ratios of fat/carbohydrate at two energy levels: an animal study. AB - Different regimens of total parenteral nutrition were evaluated in 64 growing rats, during a 10-day period. Thirty-two rats were kept at a low energy regimen (270 kcal/kg body weight per day), and the remaining rats were infused with a high energy solution (350 kcal/kg/day). At each energy level, four fat/carbohydrate (CHO) nonprotein energy ratios were tested: 0% fat/100% CHO (no fat); 6% fat/94% CHO (low fat); 30% fat/70% CHO (medium fat); 60% fat/40% CHO (high fat). A daily supply of 0.9 g nitrogen/kg of a well balanced amino acid solution was administered to all rats. Growth, nitrogen balance, net nitrogen utilization, and blood status were evaluated. Carcass, liver, and muscle composition were investigated with respect to protein, fat, and water content. Liver and body composition was similar between groups at the same energy level. At the higher energy level the fat deposition was increased. At the low energy level, rats from no fat and low fat groups lost weight during the first 3 days of the experimental period. The medium fat groups showed the highest weight gain at each energy level. This suggests the importance of the presence of fat in total parenteral nutrition programs. During the last days of the experimental period, all rats gained weight, and showed a positive nitrogen balance. All groups given 350 kcal/kg/day gained weight more rapidly and showed a better nitrogen balance and utilization than the corresponding group given 270 kcal/kg/day. This study emphasizes that a well-balanced proportion of energy and substrates is important. PMID- 3918203 TI - Intranasal retraction of nasogastric feeding tube: case report and suggestion for design modification. AB - A 61-year-old black woman was admitted with intermittent small bowel obstruction following multiple therapies for recurrent ovarian carcinoma. Conservative enteric therapy with central hyperalimentation was begun prior to surgical intervention. After approximately 3 wk without resolution, surgical bypass of the obstructed area was performed for palliation. With the return of bowel function, continuous enteral feeding was utilized. During placement of enteral feeding tube, the proximal end spontaneously retracted into the patient's nasal cavity with associated patient distress. After some difficulty, the feeding tube was removed. Simple design modification of the proximal portion of the nasogastric feeding tube should prevent such complication. The addition of "wings" to the proximal end should be considered as a modification to prevent similar occurrences. PMID- 3918204 TI - Successful fibrinolytic therapy for superior vena cava thrombosis secondary to long-term total parenteral nutrition. AB - Thrombosis of the superior vena cava and other major central veins is an unusual and infrequent complication of total parenteral nutrition. When it does occur, it may be life threatening and prompt therapy is indicated. A case of superior vena cava thrombosis secondary to an indwelling Broviac catheter for long-term parenteral nutrition is presented, which was successfully treated with Streptokinase with reestablishment of flow through the catheter and veins. PMID- 3918205 TI - Selenium responsive myositis during prolonged home total parenteral nutrition in cystic fibrosis. AB - The need for routine supplementation of total parenteral nutrition solutions with selenium (Se) has not been clearly defined. Although clinical selenium deficiency in patients on prolonged total parenteral nutrition has been reported, it is rarely observed in the United States. We report a 19-year-old woman with cystic fibrosis who developed muscle pain and weakness after 3 months on total parenteral nutrition which was not supplemented with Se. Coincident with her onset of symptoms, markedly elevated serum creatine kinase values were observed compared to baseline levels. Subsequent evaluations revealed undetectable (less than 0.02 microgram/ml) serum and urine Se levels in this patient. In addition, electromyographic evidence of myositis and nonspecific membrane irritability was documented. Therapy with oral Se rapidly reversed her symptoms and normalized with serum creatine kinase values over a 10-day period. Prolonged treatment with Se was required to achieve normal values of Se in the serum. Patients with severe pancreatic insufficiency, such as cystic fibrosis, may be at risk for clinical Se deficiency if on prolonged total parenteral nutrition without supplementation. Elevated creatine kinase levels should alert physicians to the possibility of Se deficiency in such patients. PMID- 3918206 TI - Guidelines for evaluating and categorizing enteral feeding formulas according to therapeutic equivalence. AB - Because of the current rapid proliferation of commercially prepared formulas for use in supporting the nutritional status of patients, choosing among them is becoming progressively more difficult. There has been no unified discussion in the literature to date to help the clinician distinguish the important parameters of enteral feeding formula composition from the unimportant ones. Herein we stratify these parameters into three categories of relative importance, and classify the currently available formulas into categories of therapeutic equivalence. Together, the stratified parameters and the classification scheme may be used to evaluate new products in the future and establish a hospital enteral feeding formulary, which can simplify the clinician's choice of formulas and decrease patient costs. PMID- 3918207 TI - Percutaneous needle pharyngostomy. AB - Pharyngostomy is a technique of proven usefulness in patients requiring extra oral enteric access. Techniques to perform this have required an operating room, general anesthesia, and the associated risks. We have developed a technique for needle pharyngostomy that can be performed at the bedside of an awake patient. We utilize a central venous catheter tray and a small bore feeding tube to do this procedure. We have performed this on 17 patients without a procedural complication. This form of enteric access has allowed total nutritional support for up to 2 yr. Two late infections at the pharyngostomy site have occurred; both were easily controlled with oral antibiotics. This technique is recommended for patients who repeatedly pull out feeding tubes or are planning home enteral nutrition. PMID- 3918208 TI - Metabolic bone disease in long-term total parenteral nutrition. PMID- 3918209 TI - Plasma ammonia levels in preterm infants receiving parenteral nutrition with crystalline L-amino acids. PMID- 3918210 TI - Isolation and initial characterization of tumoricidal monokine(s) from the human monocytic leukemia cell line THP-1. AB - A cloned subline of the human monocytic leukemia cell line, THP-1, was induced to produce high levels of cytotoxic activity following an 18-hour phorbol myristate acetate (CAS: 16561-29-8) stimulation in vitro. This activity, termed monocyte cell line cytotoxin(s) (MCCT), was tested in vitro on different human continuous cell lines (Chang, ESH-7, GM3104A, HeLa, HT-1080, K562, Mel, T-24) and on primary human fibroblasts (GM3468, Manz). The continuous cell lines exhibited a spectrum of sensitivity to MCCT-containing supernatants whereas the primary fibroblasts were resistant to lysis. Enzymatic degradation and heat denaturation studies indicate that MCCT is a protein. Its bioactivity can be resolved into three lytic peaks after molecular sieving on Ultrogel AcA 44. The major peak, designated alpha MCCT, eluted with a molecular weight of 100,000-140,000 daltons. A minor peak, beta MCCT, was seen at 60,000-80,000 daltons, and a third, unstable minor peak, gamma MCCT, eluted at less than 10,000 daltons. The alpha-lytic peak was examined further and was found to migrate as a single peak in 7% native polyacrylamide gel electrolysis tube gels with an rf of 0.25-0.30. None of the MCCT forms were immunologically cross-reactive with human alpha-lymphotoxin. Various protease inhibitors known to inhibit monokine- and macrophage-mediated direct cell lysis in vitro were tested for their inhibitory effects on alpha MCCT activity. The irreversible binding inhibitor N alpha-p-tosyl-L-lysyl chloromethyl ketone inhibited the biologic activity of alpha MCCT. The reversible binding inhibitors N alpha-p-tosyl-L-arginine methyl ester and soybean trypsin inhibitor were able to block in vitro lytic activity when added to alpha MCCT in the presence of the target cell. In contrast, the inhibitors phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, L-1-tosylamide, 2-phenylethyl chloromethyl ketone, and N alpha-acetyl-L lysine methyl ester were not effective in blocking cytolysis. Finally, the hydrogen peroxide scavenger catalase inhibited alpha MCCT lytic activity in vitro; however, the hypochlorous acid scavengers alanine, serine, and valine were without effect. PMID- 3918211 TI - Response of Walker 256 carcinosarcoma cells to 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13 acetate: possible regulation by endogenous cyclooxygenase metabolites. AB - Walker 256 carcinosarcoma cells (Walker cells) maintained in suspension culture responded to stimulation with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate [(TPA) CAS: 16561-29-8] by becoming temporarily adherent to the substratum. Both the control and treated cells produced very low levels of cyclooxygenase metabolites as detected by radioimmunoassay procedures. Levels of prostaglandin F2 alpha, 6-keto prostaglandin F1 alpha (6-keto PGF1 alpha) (a prostacyclin metabolite), and thromboxane B2 were virtually the same as background, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels were only slightly higher. Studies employing high-performance liquid chromatography also failed to detect significant quantities of cyclooxygenase products in the supernatants from either the control or the stimulated Walker cells. Although the Walker cells maintained in culture failed to produce significant amounts of cyclooxygenase metabolites, they produced much greater amounts of these products, particularly PGE2 and 6-keto PGF1 alpha when they were maintained as an ascites tumor. Concomitant with the production of these metabolites was a loss in responsiveness to TPA in the adherence assay. Upon reestablishment in culture, the cells gradually reacquired the ability to respond to TPA. Over the same period, synthesis of cyclooxygenase products was curtailed. If the cells taken from ascites tumors were incubated with indomethacin so as to inhibit the production of cyclooxygenase metabolites, they rapidly regained responsiveness to TPA. These findings suggest that stimulus-coupled responses in the Walker cells may be regulated, at least in part, through the production of endogenous cyclooxygenase metabolites. PMID- 3918212 TI - Biologic effects of prolonged melphalan treatment of murine long-term bone marrow cultures and interleukin 3-dependent hematopoietic progenitor cell lines. AB - The mechanism of alkylating agent-induced leukemia is unknown. For the determination of whether chronic alkylating agent treatment of hematopoietic stem cells in vitro was detectably leukemogenic, murine long-term bone marrow cultures (LTBMC) and clonal interleukin 3 (IL-3)-dependent multipotential hematopoietic progenitor cell lines [B6SUtA clone (cl) 27 and Ro cl 3-1] derived from LTBMC were chronically pulse treated in vitro with the alkylating agent melphalan [L phenylalanine mustard (L-PAM)]. Weekly treatment of C3H/HeJ or CD-1 Swiss mouse LTBMC with 3 X 10(-6)M L-PAM significantly decreased cumulative production of nonadherent granulocytes and granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells responsive to L-cell or WEH1-3 cell colony-stimulating factor compared to the production seen in untreated control cultures; it also significantly reduced the hematopoietic longevity (13 wk compared to greater than 20 wk for untreated control cultures). Weekly, twice weekly, or daily (3 X 10(-6)M) L-PAM treatment of IL-3-dependent cell lines induced gradual L-PAM adaptation in the absence of a detectable change in the maximum binding capacity of 125I-labeled IL-3. No leukemogenic variants of line B6SUtA cl 27 were detectably induced. However, 3 stably expressed marker chromosomes were induced after 12 months of L-PAM treatment of line B6SUtA cl 27. Thus IL-3-dependent hematopoietic progenitor cells slowly adapt to L-PAM when in suspension culture in vitro. Physiologic expression of drug toxicity in LTBMC may prevent this hematopoietic cell gradual adaptation. PMID- 3918213 TI - Metabolism, covalent binding, and mutagenicity of aflatoxin B1 by liver extracts from rats of various ages. AB - The ability of S-9 fractions isolated from the livers of 4-, 12-, and 26-month old male inbred F344 rats to activate and metabolize the hepatocarcinogen aflatoxin B1 [(AFB1) CAS: 1162-65-8] was studied. The following observations were made: The activation of AFB1 to compounds that are mutagenic in the Ames Salmonella-microsome test and to compounds that covalently bind DNA in vitro was similar for liver S-9 from 4- and 12-month-old rats. A 30-50% decrease in the activation of AFB1 occurred in rats between 12 and 26 months of age. The in vitro metabolism of AFB1 to chloroform-soluble and water-soluble metabolites was similar for 4- and 12-month-old rats and decreased significantly in rats after 12 months of age. The proportion of most of the chloroform-soluble metabolites of AFB1 formed by liver S-9 from 4-, 12-, and 26-month-old rats was similar. However, the proportion of aflatoxicol (CAS: 29611-03-8) produced by liver S-9 increased approximately twofold in rats between 12 and 26 months of age. The cytochrome P450 content and the NADPH cytochrome c reductase activity of liver microsomes decreased 40-45% in rats between 12 and 26 months of age. However, the activities of UDPglucuronyltransferases and most forms of glutathione S transferase did not change significantly with increasing age in liver microsomes and cytosol, respectively. PMID- 3918214 TI - Chemotactic activity of plasma and lung lymph in sheep with endotoxemia: effect of hydroxyl radical scavengers. AB - The formation and release of circulating chemoattractants has been considered to be responsible for the initial pulmonary leukostasis and subsequent pulmonary vascular injury seen with endotoxemia. Oxygen radicals released from granulocytes can produce these factors. Our purpose was (1) to determine whether chemotaxins are released with endotoxemia and whether the lung is the source of these factors and (2) if there is a cause and effect relationship between the release of chemoattractants and the lung injury. Lung lymph flow, QL, lymph protein clearance, and vascular pressures were used to monitor lung vascular integrity. Escherichia coli endotoxin was infused into 12 sheep. Six sheep were pretreated with dimethyl thiourea (DMTU), a scavenger of hydroxide ion radicals. Chemotactic activity (CA) of plasma and lung lymph was determined during baseline, the pulmonary hypertensive phase, and the permeability phase of the lung injury. It was found that endotoxemia was associated with generation of a granulocyte chemotactic factor in plasma but not in lung lymph. The peak increase in plasma CA occurred after the early pulmonary leukostasis. Pretreatment with DMTU eliminated the increased CA but had no effect on the initial leukopenia or the lung injury. It was concluded that (1) the lung is not the major source of increased CA after endotoxin and (2) increased plasma CA occurs but does not appear to be causative of the initial pulmonary leukostasis or the granulocyte induced lung injury. PMID- 3918215 TI - Mitomycin C extravasation ulcers. AB - In a four-year period, eight patients with mitomycin C extravasation ulcers were encountered. Mitomycin C extravasation produces a painful indolent ulcer that does not have any tendency to heal. If extravasation of the drug is recognized, infusion should be stopped immediately, and the site of infusion should be changed. The ulcers should be excised, and primary closure is recommended; if it is not possible then the defect is covered by a partial thickness skin graft. PMID- 3918216 TI - A reevaluation of bone scans in breast cancer. AB - A retrospective analysis of 151 patients with breast cancer over 2 years was performed to assess laboratory values as predictors of metastatic disease demonstrated by technetium-99 bone scan. In 105 patients with normal alkaline phosphatase (AP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) values, only one positive bone scan (0.95%) was obtained. If either the AP or LDH value was abnormal, 15 of 29 scans (51.7%) were positive. If both values were abnormal, six of nine patients (66.7%) had positive bone scans. Of 41 patients with either an elevated AP or LDH, 26 (63.4%) were shown to have metastatic breast disease. In our subgroup of 120 consecutive admissions for primary evaluation and treatment of breast cancer, the 95 patients with normal AP and LDH values had 41 negative bone scans and no evidence of distant metastases in any patient. According to these results, we recommend that breast cancer metastatic screening be done by alkaline phosphatase and LDH determinations, and that isotope scans should be reserved for those patients having normal values or symptoms that suggest metastases. PMID- 3918217 TI - Detection of recurrent cancer of the colon and rectum. AB - Outpatient follow-up in patients operated upon due to carcinoma of the colon and rectum is usually performed, due to a high rate of recurrence and with the aim of finding a curable recurrence. Due to the enormous cost of an extended follow-up system, a careful evaluation of the benefit is needed. The aim of the present investigation was to study the efficacy of the different tools in an extended follow-up. One hundred ninety patients with carcinoma of the colon and rectum were--apart from traditional clinical follow-up--followed with an extensive laboratory battery including carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), hemoglobin (Hb), electrophoresis, ALP, and GT. Forty seven recurrences were found. Thirty-one of these recurrences were first detected by a rise in CEA. Seven cases were detected at clinical follow-up and six cases due to symptoms suggestive of recurrence. The predictive value of a positive test was 79.4% for CEA but very low for the other tests studied. A negative value for any of the tests in the battery was usually accurate. Follow-up after colorectal carcinoma should include CEA as the only laboratory parameter. Postoperative colonoscopy for removal of missed synchronous lesions, chest X-ray, and endoscopic investigations of the anastomotic region also seem to be of value. PMID- 3918218 TI - Multidisciplinary pretreatment cancer planning. AB - One can estimate that 60% or more of cancer patients stand to benefit from the multidisciplinary treatment of cancer. Different treatments given in sequence mean real benefit in terms of absolute cure or length of disease-free life for many. While the details of treatment techniques can usually be worked out for each patient in expert fashion, the process of planning to fit the three main modalities together into a single plan presents complex problems. To obtain optimum results someone must assemble and coordinate the opinions of the oncologists who are consulted in each case; and someone must do it before treatment begins. Benefit is significantly reduced if the planning process is delayed until recurrence occurs. Those who act as primary physicians in caring for cancer patients have a newly defined major role to play: they must select the oncology team, coordinate the various opinions, and continue to supervise the course of the cancer throughout in order that the patients receive the best care. When a physician prepares for, and accepts, this role of leader-coordinator, and outlines in broad general terms a properly integrated plan from the first, details of therapy fall easily into place. PMID- 3918219 TI - Neonatal back-transport. Cost-effectiveness. AB - This study examines the cost-effectiveness of returning previously ill neonates to community hospitals after treatment in a tertiary center, a concept known as "back-transport." The authors compared the charges for medical care during convalescence of a group of back-transported infants (BT infants; n = 20) with a similar group of infants who remained in a tertiary center for convalescence (NT infants; n = 20). The total charges for convalescent care (inpatient plus transport charges) for 20 representative BT infants was $61,840, compared with $68,240 for 20 matched NT infants, an average savings of $320 per BT infant. The average daily bed charge and charges for laboratory tests and medications were significantly less for BT infants compared with NT infants, and these reductions offset the transport charges for BT infants. The authors conclude that back transport decreases the charges for medical care for most infants. Therefore, the decision to back-transport an individual infant usually can be based on factors other than cost. PMID- 3918220 TI - The continuity of care provided to primary care patients. A comparison of family physicians, general internists, and medical subspecialists. AB - The authors compared the continuity of care that family physicians, general internists, and medical subspecialists provided to their adult primary care patients. The 40 study physicians came from large, private multispecialty practices in the San Francisco Bay Area. The three physician types did not differ significantly in the degree of continuity provided, measured by the proportion of total visits to a patient's primary provider (usual provider continuity (UPC) score). Each type provided approximately 80% of its primary care patients' visits. In contrast, the continuity scores of individual physicians ranged widely, from 57% to 98%. Proxy measures of case mix and physician expertise were found to be associated with differing UPC scores. A more detailed exploration of the subspecialists revealed that the lowest levels of continuity were afforded patients with high utilization rates who did not carry a diagnosis in their primary physician's area of subspecialty expertise. The "generalist versus subspecialist" debate assumes that a physician's training background is a major determinant of the quality of primary care delivered. This was not true in this study for the provision of one aspect of quality, a high level of continuity. If factors other than specialty or subspecialty designation are generally found to be the important determinants of continuity, isolated changes in the proportion of physicians receiving generalist versus subspecialty training may have relatively little impact on the level of continuity afforded adult medical patients. PMID- 3918221 TI - The efficacy of the CO2 laser in the sterilization of skin seeded with bacteria: survival at the skin surface and in the plume emissions. AB - A quantitative study on the survival of bacteria following exposure to the CO2 laser was determined at the skin surface and in the plume. Known quantities of bacteria were inoculated onto the surface of fresh pig skin and exposed to timed bursts of the radiation. Results indicate that the bacterial population at the skin surface was reduced by several orders of magnitude while the potential for spread of bacteria by the plume of smoke was negligible. PMID- 3918222 TI - Histopathology of the temporal bone in osteogenesis imperfecta congenita: a report of 5 cases. AB - The histopathologic findings in 8 temporal bones from 5 patients with osteogenesis imperfecta congenita are reported. The otic capsule, bony walls of middle ear, and ossicles showed evidence of both deficient and abnormal ossification. Microfractures were found in the otic capsule and in the anterior process and handle of the malleus, in addition to their common location at the crura of the stapes. The cochlear and vestibular end-organs appeared normal. Pathologic changes compatible with otosclerosis were not seen. The possible implication of these changes on hearing and balance is discussed. PMID- 3918223 TI - Mass spectrometric measurements of norepinephrine synthesis in man from infusion of stable isotope-labelled L-threo-3,4-dihydroxyphenylserine. AB - The kinetics of stable isotope-labelled L-threo-3, 4-dihydroxyphenylserine(L threo-DOPS), an immediate precursor of (-)-norepinephrine, was studied to investigate the pharmacologic mechanism of its therapeutic effect on orthostatic hypotension in familial amyloid polyneuropathy(FAP) and on akinesia and freezing in parkinsonism. [13C,D]-L-threo-DOPS was synthesized, and 100 mg of the compound was infused for 2 h into two normal subjects, two FAP patients and two patients with the degenerative diseases of the central nervous system. Labelled and endogenous norepinephrine in urine and plasma was assayed simultaneously by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The results indicate that the increase in norepinephrine in biological fluids after administration of L-threo-DOPS is attributable mostly to norepinephrine derived from L-threo-DOPS, not to pre formed endogenous norepinephrine released by L-threo-DOPS. PMID- 3918224 TI - Implication of acidic lipids in 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor mechanisms. AB - To establish the possible involvement of acidic lipids in 5-HT receptor mechanisms, we subjected whole rat brain synaptic plasma membranes to treatment with several kinds of lipid-modifying reagents and examined the [3H]5-HT and [3H]spiperone binding properties of the membranes. [3H]5-HT binding was decreased by treatment with Azure A, while [3H]spiperone binding was not altered. Similarly, prior treatment with arylsulphatase reduced the former binding, but had no effect on the latter binding. On the other hand, neither [3H]ligand binding was sensitive to phospholipases C and D. In contrast, prior treatment with phospholipase A2 (unheated) drastically decreased the [3H]5-HT binding and also affected the [3H]spiperone binding to some extent. Chelation of Ca2+ by EGTA (5 mM) prior to incubation of membranes with the unheated phospholipase A2 did not completely prevent the inhibitory effect of this enzyme on [3H]5-HT binding, while in the heated enzyme (at 100 degrees C for 10 min) EGTA exhibited this preventive effect perfectly. Furthermore, it was an interesting find that at least a low concentration of the heated phospholipase A2 (0.01 U) had no effect on the [3H]spiperone binding, as contrasted with the case of [3H]5-HT binding. In addition, the reduction of [3H]5-HT binding capacity in membranes treated with phospholipase A2 (heated and unheated) was restored only slightly by treatment with BSA (1%). Scatchard analysis of the [3H]5-HT binding showed that Azure A and phospholipase A2 (heated) decreased the Bmax values with no significant alteration in the KD values, whereas arylsulphatase increased only the KD value. All these observations infer that certain acidic lipids may play a role as the recognition site(s) or modulator(s) of 5-HT1 receptor molecules. PMID- 3918225 TI - Characterization of extracellular phospholipase A2 in rheumatoid synovial fluid. AB - Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity has now been identified in rheumatoid synovial fluids. This PLA2 is a calcium-requiring protein of MW 11,000 with a neutral pH optimum. Its activity was inhibited by high concentrations of Mg2+, and by the active site-directed histidine reagent p-bromophenacyl bromide. Ionic and nonionic detergents, or the sulfhydryl reagent dithiothreitol caused loss of enzyme activity. Synovial fluid PLA2 did not interact with sulphated mucopolysaccharides such as heparin or chondroitin sulphate. Release and sequestration of PLA2 in the joint space may contribute to the characteristic rheumatoid inflammatory changes. PMID- 3918226 TI - Effects of pregnancy on seizure threshold and the disposition and efficacy of antiepileptic drugs in the mouse. AB - The effects of pregnancy on seizure excitability as well as antiepileptic drug disposition and efficacy were studied in the mouse during late gestation. Phenytoin and carbamazepine concentrations in brain were increased in pregnant animals, which was related to increased free concentrations in plasma. Little changes were observed for valproic acid and phenobarbital. The seizure threshold in untreated pregnant mice was significantly higher than in the nonpregnant group. The efficacy of carbamazepine and valproic acid in the pregnant animals was increased as compared to the control group; little changes were observed for phenobarbital and phenytoin. Our study indicates that - in contrast to the general clinical opinion - pregnancy has little influence or even a slight beneficial effect on the seizure propensity as well as the efficacy of antiepileptic drugs. PMID- 3918227 TI - Central dopaminergic activity influences rats ability to exercise. AB - Rats were run to exhaustion on a motor driven treadmill. Apomorphine given to intact rats prolonged the time to exhaustion. Apomorphine given to 6 hydroxydopamine lesioned rats also prolonged the time to exhaustion. Intracerebroventricular 6-hydroxydopamine alone reduced the time to exhaustion. Clonidine given to these animals had no effect. We suggest that central dopaminergic activity influences rats ability to exercise. PMID- 3918229 TI - Reflections on the first decade on MCN. PMID- 3918228 TI - Lipids of dermatophytes II. Effect of growth condition on the lipid composition and membrane transport of Microsporum gypseum. AB - Supplementation of glucose-containing medium with ethanol and replacement of glucose by glycerol in the Sabouraud's growth medium of Microsporum gypseum altered the levels of total phospholipids as well as their apolar and polar head groups. The levels of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) increased under these growth conditions; also, the ratio of unsaturated/saturated phospholipid fatty acids decreased on ethanol supplementation but increased in the presence of glycerol. Steady state accumulation of labelled amino acids (glycine, lysine and aspartic acid) was affected under these conditions. PMID- 3918230 TI - Megavitamins and pregnancy: a dangerous combination. PMID- 3918231 TI - Selecting equipment vendors for children on home care. PMID- 3918233 TI - Blending the art and the science of nursing. MCN keys to research. PMID- 3918232 TI - Pneumothorax, chest tubes, and the neonate. PMID- 3918234 TI - MCN pharmacopoeia. Pancuronium bromide. PMID- 3918235 TI - Taking a baby's temperature: is it common knowledge? PMID- 3918236 TI - [Effect of Na3Zn- and Na3Ca-DTPA on the behavior and biological action of 239Pu on rats]. AB - The effect of a complexon therapy scheme including early (in 1 h) administration of Na3Ca DTPA and subsequent (in 1 day) administration of Na3Zn DTPA or Na3Ca DTPA at a dose of 25 mu Cimol/kg/day by three 2-week courses (5 times a week) with 2-week interruptions was studied in experiments on 541 male rats after intraperitoneal administration of 239Pu citrate complex (95 kBq/kg). The treatment resulted in a 3-fold lessening of the content of 239Pu and absorbed doses in the skeleton, a significant prolongation of the mean survival time (MST) from 452 to 593 days (Na3Zn DTPA) and 643 days (Na3Ca DTPA), and in a decrease of the osteosarcoma incidence from 76.4 to 32.6-41.2%. The ratio of osteosarcomas per 1 Gy retained in rats (0.076-0.083%) did not differ from that in untreated animals (0.067%) and varied within the ranges of established values (0.072 0.119%). The involvement of Na3Zn DTPA in the therapeutic scheme prolongs the MST of rats to a somewhat lesser degree than Na3Ca DTPA. No negative effects of Zn DTPA therapy were revealed. PMID- 3918237 TI - Effect of nifedipine on TRH stimulation of TSH and PRL release by the pituitary gland. AB - Studies in vitro and in vivo have shown that thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) induced calcium ion changes in the adenohypophysial cells play an important role in release of hormones by the anterior pituitary. To determine the effect of the calcium blocker nifedipine on TRH-induced thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and prolactin (PRL) release, TRH stimulation tests were performed before and after 74 hours of nifedipine therapy in ten patients. Although the magnitude of the TSH and PRL mean peak increase above baseline was slightly lower during calcium blocker administration (TSH 14.1 +/- 4.8 SEM v 16.4 +/- 4.5 SEM; PRL 37.7 +/- 4.5 SEM v 41.7 +/- 5.4 SEM), this was not statistically significant. Use of nifedipine in clinically effective doses does not appear to significantly interfere with TRH-stimulated release of TSH or PRL, in vivo. PMID- 3918238 TI - Mucosal protective agents in the long-term management of gastric ulcer. PMID- 3918239 TI - Rh antibodies in pregnancy. PMID- 3918240 TI - Tocainide for arrhythmias. PMID- 3918241 TI - Elimination of rubella and congenital rubella syndrome--United States. PMID- 3918242 TI - Hepatitis B among dental patients--Indiana. PMID- 3918243 TI - Update: influenza activity--United States. PMID- 3918244 TI - Dental caries and community water fluoridation trends--United States. PMID- 3918245 TI - Tuberculosis--United States, 1984. PMID- 3918246 TI - Update: influenza activity--United States. PMID- 3918247 TI - Update: prospective evaluation of health-care workers exposed via the parenteral or mucous-membrane route to blood or body fluids from patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome--United States. PMID- 3918249 TI - Measles on a college campus--Ohio. PMID- 3918248 TI - Diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine shortage. PMID- 3918250 TI - Rabies postexposure prophylaxis with human diploid cell rabies vaccine: lower neutralizing antibody titers with Wyeth vaccine. PMID- 3918251 TI - Update: influenza activity--United States. PMID- 3918252 TI - Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever--Republic of South Africa. PMID- 3918253 TI - Carbon monoxide poisoning--South Dakota. PMID- 3918254 TI - Update: influenza activity--worldwide, United States. PMID- 3918255 TI - Update: Reye syndrome pilot study--United States, 1984. PMID- 3918256 TI - Target cells for the polychlorinated biphenyl metabolite 4,4'-bis(methylsulfonyl) 2,2',5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl. Characterization of high affinity binding in rat and mouse lung cytosol. AB - When a tritium-labeled metabolite of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), 4,4'-bis[( 3H]methylsulfonyl)-2,2',5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl [(3H-MeSO2)2TCB] is administered intraperitoneally to rats, a selective labeling is registered in the apical cytoplasm of the nonciliated bronchiolar (Clara) cells of the lung as determined by microautoradiography of sections of methacrylate-embedded tissue. In vitro, (3H-MeSO2)2TCB binds with high affinity (Kd = 2.5-15 nM) and high capacity (Bmax = 30-70 pmol/mg of protein) to rat lung cytosol. Binding of (3H-MeSO2)2TCB to the high affinity sites is temperature dependent, reversible, and saturable. The sites seem to reside within a protein-like component, since proteolytic enzymes significantly reduce the binding. Physiochemical characterization of the (3H MeSO2)2TCB-binding protein indicates a Stokes radius of 22 A and a sedimentation coefficient of 1.7 S and, on the basis of these parameters, an apparent molecular weight of 16,000 may be calculated. The binding entity has an apparent pI of 5.3 and elutes as a single radioactive peak from CM-Sepharose at 75 mM acetate. Binding with similar affinities (IC50 values, 4-65 nM) is shown to occur also with other PCB methyl sulfones, whereas only one PCB, 2,2',4,4'5,5' hexachlorobiphenyl, competes for (3H-MeSO2)2TCB binding, but with a lower affinity (IC50 = 3 microM). Among other compounds tested, only progesterone and some derivatives thereof display an affinity for the (3H-MeSO2)2TCB-binding protein (IC50 values ranging from 1 to 10 microM). Lung cytosol shows by far the highest amount of specific (3H-MeSO2)2TCB binding. However, low but detectable amounts are also found in cytosolic preparations from prostate, kidney, and large intestine. Finally, (3H-MeSO2)2TCB also binds to an entity in mouse lung cytosol with the same physicochemical characteristics as that in rat lung cytosol and to a progesterone-binding protein purified from rabbit uterus (uteroglobin). It is concluded that rat lung contains a uteroglobin-like macromolecule with a pronounced affinity for at least certain PCB methyl sulfones, and it is suggested that this binding entity is responsible for the striking accumulation of such metabolites in lung tissue following administration of PCB to rats and mice. PMID- 3918257 TI - Factors affecting the mutagenic activity of quercetin for Salmonella typhimurium TA98: metal ions, antioxidants and pH. AB - The mutagenic activity of quercetin for Salmonella typhimurium TA98 was inhibited by addition of metal salts. MnCl2 was a potent inhibitor, followed by CuCl2, FeSO4, and FeCl3, the probable mechanism being facilitated catalytic oxidation of quercetin. With quercetin incorporated at a level of 100 nmoles/plate, approximate doses (nmoles/plate) to give 50% inhibition of mutagenic activity were: MnCl2 less than 10 (-S9), 18 (+S9); CuCl2 65 (-S9), greater than 100 (+S9); FeSO4 190 (-S9), greater than 300 (+S9); or FeCl3 275 (-S9), greater than 300 (+S9). Ascorbate, superoxide dismutase, and, to a lesser extent, NADH and NADPH, all enhanced the mutagenic activity of quercetin in the absence of the mammalian microsome (S9) system, but had no significant effect in the presence of the S9 mix. The maximum enhancement of activity by ascorbate or superoxide dismutase was approximately 87% of the increase achieved by addition of the S9 mix. Tyrosinase (catechol oxidase) substantially reduced the mutagenic activity of quercetin in the absence of the S9 mix. At lower levels of tyrosinase, activity was restored by incorporation of the S9 mix. It is proposed that the S9 mix enhances the mutagenic activity of quercetin by scavenging superoxide radicals, thus inhibiting the autoxidation of quercetin, and possibly by reducing quinone oxidation products of quercetin. The mutagenic activity of quercetin increased substantially when the pH of the media was decreased. This may be due in part to a decrease in ionization of quercetin at lower pH, thereby increasing its absorption by the tester strain, to a decrease in the rate of autoxidation of quercetin at lower pH, or to a combination of these. PMID- 3918258 TI - Comparative studies of the induction of somatic eye-color mutations in an unstable strain of Drosophila melanogaster by MMS and X-rays at different developmental stages. AB - An unstable white locus in Drosophila melanogaster originally described by Rasmuson and Green (1974) and further by Rasmuson et al. (1978, 1980) contains an IS element. This constellation interacts with the zeste mutation and forms a mutationally unstable system that is sensitive to a variety of mutagens. Mutational shifts between zeste and wild-type eye color as well as deletions and transpositions of the white locus are frequently occurring in the unstable X chromosome in germ line and in somatic tissue. Germinal mutations from zeste to wild-type eye color are associated with an insertion of a piece of DNA, proximal to the wsp site, and the shifts from red to zeste are caused by an excision of the same piece (Rasmuson, in preparation). Mutations to pigmentless phenotype are interpreted as deletions of the white locus, while they always are irreversible and show non-complementation with wsp. The somatic system can be used as a screening test for potential mutagens, described by Rasmuson et al. (1984). This survey is an attempt to correlate the size of the mutated area of the eyes with the age of the larvae at mutagen treatment. X-Rays and MMS were used to give an indication of the mechanism of the instability, according to the different kinds of DNA damage induced. The results show that the mean size of red spots decreased with increasing age of larvae at treatment, while the mutation frequencies were increased because of the multiplication of the cells in the eye anlage susceptible to the mutagens. This is contradictory to the hypothesis maintained by Fahmy and Fahmy (1980) that the somatic shifts are not mutagenic but epigenetic events, due to altered regulation of the gene expression. Red spots induced with MMS are smaller in size than X-ray-induced red spots, indicating a delay in the establishment of mutations from chemically-induced lesions compared to irradiation damage. White spots on the other hand were equally large in size, irrespective of inducing agent and about twice the size of the chemically-induced red spots, implying a faster and more direct action for fixation of deletions than for the production of MMS induced shifts in eye color from zeste to red. PMID- 3918259 TI - The effect of donor age on spontaneous and induced micronuclei. AB - The spontaneous micronucleus yield in lymphocyte cultures from healthy donors aged 0-82 years was estimated at 72 h and 96 h of culture. At both 72 and 96 h there was a positive correlation of micronucleus expression with increasing age (p less than 0.001), with an approximately 4-fold increase in micronuclei in cultures from 80-year-old donors when compared to cultures from newborn donors. Since there is some evidence that the effect of DNA-damaging agents may increase with age, lymphocytes from individuals of various ages were exposed to X-rays and mitomycin C and micronuclei were scored after 72 and 96 h of culture. Micronucleus formation after exposure to these agents was, however, decreased in cells from elderly individuals, most likely due to kinetic differences between the lymphocytes of old and young individuals. PMID- 3918260 TI - Mutagenicity of methyl bromide in a series of short-term tests. AB - Methyl bromide is commonly used as a soil fumigant in greenhouses. In the framework of a toxicological evaluation, it was tested for possible genotoxic properties in two bacterial test systems (the fluctuation test using Klebsiella pneumoniae and the plate test using Salmonella typhimurium TA100 and TA98), two systems using mammalian cells in vitro (forward mutations at the TK and HPRT loci in L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells and unscheduled DNA synthesis in primary rat-liver cells) and in the sex-linked recessive lethal test using Drosophila melanogaster. Methyl bromide was active in all tests except the DNA-repair assay. The results indicate a relatively low mutagenic efficiency of the compound, as expected from its alkylating properties. PMID- 3918261 TI - No insurance, no admission. PMID- 3918262 TI - Measurement of viable ADSOL-preserved human red cells. PMID- 3918263 TI - Pasteurized milk as a vehicle of infection in an outbreak of listeriosis. AB - Between June 30th and August 30th, 1983, 49 patients in Massachusetts acquired listeriosis. Seven cases occurred in fetuses or infants and 42 in immunosuppressed adults; 14 patients (29 per cent) died. Of 40 Listeria monocytogenes isolates available for testing, 32 were serotype 4b. Two case control studies, one matching for neighborhood of residence and the other for underlying disease, revealed that the illness was strongly associated with drinking a specific brand of pasteurized whole or 2 per cent milk (odds ratio = 9, P less than 0.01 for the neighborhood-matched study; odds ratio = 11.5, P less than 0.001 for the illness-matched study). The association with milk was further substantiated by four additional analyses that suggested the presence of a dose response effect, demonstrated a protective effect of skim milk, associated cases with the same product in an independent study in another state, and linked a specific phage type with the disease associated with milk. The milk associated with disease came from a group of farms on which listeriosis in dairy cows was known to have occurred at the time of the outbreak. Multiple serotypes of L. monocytogenes were isolated from raw milk obtained from these farms after the outbreak. At the plant where the milk was processed, inspections revealed no evidence of improper pasteurization. These results support the hypothesis that human listeriosis can be a foodborne disease and raise questions about the ability of pasteurization to eradicate a large inoculum of L. monocytogenes from contaminated raw milk. PMID- 3918264 TI - Listeriosis and milk. PMID- 3918265 TI - Gamma interferon and AIDS. PMID- 3918266 TI - Acquired C1-inhibitor deficiency associated with antiidiotypic antibody to monoclonal immunoglobulins. AB - The syndrome of acquired angioedema and C1-inhibitor deficiency is associated with B-cell lymphoproliferative disease. It is characterized by accelerated consumption of C1q and C1 inhibitor in vivo and by low levels of serum C2 and C4. Four patients with B-cell malignant diseases (IgA myeloma, macroglobulinemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and B-cell lymphoma, respectively) and acquired C1 inhibitor deficiency were found to have circulating antiidiotypic antibodies to the monoclonal immunoglobulin expressed on the surface of their B cells (three patients) or in the cytoplasm of their bone-marrow cells (one patient). Two of the four patients had circulating M components, and their antiidiotypic antibodies reacted with the M components. In three patients studied the percentage of B cells bearing C1q was 18, 24, and 35 per cent, as compared with 2.3 +/- 1.7 per cent (mean +/- S.D.) in six normal controls. These results suggest that an interaction between the idiotype of monoclonal immunoglobulins and antiidiotypic antibodies causes increased consumption of C1q and C1 inhibitor in patients with acquired angioedema and C1-inhibitor deficiency. We propose that the subsequent activation of the early components of complement leads to increased vascular permeability and to angioedema and that these patients have a disease caused by antiidiotypic antibodies. PMID- 3918267 TI - The quality of life of patients with end-stage renal disease. AB - We assessed the quality of life of 859 patients undergoing dialysis or transplantation, with the goal of ascertaining whether objective and subjective measures of the quality of life were influenced by case mix or treatment. We found that 79.1 per cent of the transplant recipients were able to function at nearly normal levels, as compared with between 47.5 and 59.1 per cent of the patients treated with dialysis (depending on the type). Nearly 75 per cent of the transplant recipients were able to work, as compared with between 24.7 and 59.3 per cent of the patients undergoing dialysis. On three subjective measures (life satisfaction, well-being, and psychological affect) transplant recipients had a higher quality of life than patients on dialysis. Among the patients treated with dialysis, those undergoing treatment at home had the highest quality of life. All quality-of-life differences were found to persist even after the patient case mix had been controlled statistically. Finally, the quality of life of transplant recipients compared well with that of the general population, but despite favorable subjective assessments, patients undergoing dialysis did not work or function at the same level as people in the general population. PMID- 3918268 TI - Possible functions of the homoeobox. PMID- 3918269 TI - Requirement for ras proto-oncogene function during serum-stimulated growth of NIH 3T3 cells. AB - Human tumours often contain DNA sequences not found in normal tissues which are able to transform cultured NIH 3T3 cells. In some tumours the gene responsible for this transformation belongs to the cellular ras gene family. A specific type of mutation is responsible for converting the cellular proto-oncogene into a ras oncogene capable of inducing transformation. In a study of the function of a cellular ras gene, its protein product (produced in a bacterial cell) was microinjected into NIH 3T3 cells; the recipient cells became morphologically transformed and were induced to initiate DNA synthesis in the absence of added serum, but only when cellular ras protein was injected at much higher concentrations than required with protein of the transforming ras gene. To further analyse the function of the cellular ras gene, we have now injected monoclonal antibodies against ras proteins into NIH 3T3 cells. We report here that NIH 3T3 cells induced to divide by adding serum to the culture medium are unable to enter the S phase of the cell cycle after microinjection of anti-ras antibody, showing that the protein product of the ras proto-oncogene is required for initiation of the S-phase in NIH 3T3 cells. PMID- 3918270 TI - Early steps of lymphocyte activation bypassed by synergy between calcium ionophores and phorbol ester. AB - Although it has been proposed that the activation of T lymphocytes is mediated by an early rise in cytosolic calcium concentration, it has not been possible to mimic antigen- or mitogen-induced mouse lymphocyte activation by calcium ionophores that bypass receptor-mediated processes. There is now evidence from other systems that the rise in cytosolic calcium which follows receptor triggering is preceded by the breakdown of phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate into 1,2-diacylglycerol and inositol trisphosphate. The latter is known to cause release of calcium from intracellular stores. The cellular target for the former is now widely accepted to be protein kinase C. Therefore, ligand-induced cellular response follows a rise in cytosolic calcium concentration and protein kinase C activation. Here we confirm that the calcium ionophores A23187 and ionomycin do not activate mouse T lymphocytes. However, either one in combination with the phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA), which is structurally related to 1,2-diacylglycerol, induces in lymphoid cell populations the expression of receptors for interleukin-2 (IL-2), the secretion of IL-2 and cell proliferation as measured by 3H-thymidine uptake. The growth-promoting effect of IL-2 on an exogenous IL-2-dependent clone could not be substituted for by ionomycin either alone or with TPA. Thus, the combination of calcium ionophores and TPA bypasses the requirement for antigen- or lectin-induced signal at the onset of lymphocyte activation. PMID- 3918271 TI - Preferential binding of imaginal disk cells to embryonic segments of Drosophila. AB - Cell recognition and selective adhesion may be important in pattern formation; such processes in Drosophila melanogaster could be responsible for the maintenance of segment boundaries, the morphogenesis of metamorphosing imaginal disks, and the paths of axon outgrowth during neurogenesis. As cells from different imaginal disks of Drosophila are able to recognize and sort out from one another, we decided to investigate whether these larval cells could recognize and bind to the epidermis of intact embryos. We report here that imaginal disk cells bind preferentially to the epidermis of the embryonic segments from which they are derived: thoracic disk cells to thoracic segments and genital disk cells to abdominal segments. Furthermore, thoracic disk cells recognize and bind, without preference, to all segments of the homoeotic mutant Df(3R)P9 (ref. 6). We conclude, therefore, that cells of the same segmental origin have similar recognition properties at different developmental stages. PMID- 3918272 TI - A common sequence of calcium and pH signals in the mitogenic stimulation of eukaryotic cells. AB - When normal quiescent (G0) cells are stimulated by mitogens to enter the cell cycle, the metabolic derepression which occurs is similar in a variety of cells. The mechanisms initiating these responses and their relationship to subsequent progression through G1 to DNA synthesis in S phase, however, are generally undefined. The clearest evidence has been obtained in sea urchin eggs, where fertilization by sperm causes a rapid, transient increase in the concentration of free cytoplasmic Ca2+ [(Ca]i), followed by a sustained increase in cytoplasmic pH (pHi). It has been demonstrated clearly that these ionic responses are obligatory for progression to DNA synthesis by the normal pathway after fertilization, although the Ca2+ signal can be bypassed by parthenogenetic agents which elevate directly pHi (for example, NH+4 ions). These observations raise the questions of whether other eukaryotic cells show the same sequence of ionic responses when stimulated by mitogens and whether such signals are an obligatory component of their mitogenic pathways. We show here that a common sequence of [Ca]i and pHi responses occurs in both quiescent mouse thymocytes and Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts stimulated by appropriate mitogens. Furthermore, 'opportunistic' mitogens (those that do not act on the cells in vivo, such as concanavalin A (Con A), the Ca2+ ionophore A23187 and 12-o-tetradecanoyl phorbol 13-acetate CTPA] that are mitogenic for both mouse thymocytes and 3T3 fibroblast, each produce characteristic ionic responses that are the same in both types of cell. PMID- 3918273 TI - Primate and human phylogeny. PMID- 3918274 TI - Segmental distribution of bithorax complex proteins during Drosophila development. AB - The Ubx and bxd transcription units comprise a single functional domain in the bithorax complex of Drosophila melanogaster. The segmental distributions and nuclear localization of proteins encoded by the Ubx unit have been determined by immunofluorescence staining with antibodies raised against a fusion protein containing Ubx coding sequences. Wild-type and mutant distributions are consistent with a model in which the protein-coding functions of the domain derive from the Ubx unit and are regulated by the bxd unit. PMID- 3918275 TI - Crisis in long-term care: Part 1, the problems. PMID- 3918276 TI - Measuring nursing productivity. PMID- 3918277 TI - [The Hickman central venous catheter for the treatment of patients with cancer]. PMID- 3918278 TI - TRH stimulation of in vivo GH release in the domestic fowl. Influence of TRH metabolites and effect of age on in vitro degradation of TRH. AB - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) stimulated in vivo growth hormone (GH) release in conscious and anesthetized young domestic fowl. The administration of the presumed metabolites of TRH, deamido-TRH (TRH-OH) and histidyl-proline diketopiperazine (HPD), was followed by small but significant (p less than 0.05) increases in the plasma concentrations of GH in both conscious and anesthetized chicks. However, the ability of TRH-OH or HPD to stimulate GH secretion was less than that observed with a 100-fold lower dose of TRH. The administration of either TRH-OH or HPD with TRH increased the GH response over that observed with TRH alone. The ability of chicken plasma to degrade exogenous TRH in vitro was determined by measuring immunoreactive TRH (IR-TRH) content and by assessing the ability of the incubated samples to increase the plasma concentration of GH when administered to young fowl. The in vitro half-life of TRH was estimated to be 9.8 (by immunoassay) and 9.6 (by a biological index) min for plasma from adult male chickens and 23.9 (by immunoassay) and 20.2 (by biological index) min for plasma from 6-week-old chicks. This difference in degradation may account, at least in part, for the observed age-related decrease in the plasma concentration of GH in birds and for the diminished GH responsiveness of adult birds to exogenous TRH. PMID- 3918279 TI - Stimulation of growth hormone release by vasoactive intestinal peptide and peptide PHI in rat anterior pituitary reaggregates. Permissive action of a glucocorticoid and inhibition by thyrotropin-releasing hormone. AB - In superfused rat anterior pituitary cell reaggregates, cultured for 5 days in serum-free defined medium, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) concentration dependently stimulated prolactin (Prl) release but had only a marginal effect on growth hormone (GH) release. When reaggregates were cultured in the presence of 80 nM dexamethasone (Dex) VIP strongly stimulated GH release from a concentration as low as 0.1 nM. VIP did not stimulate LH release. Peptide PHI also stimulated GH release but thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) or angiotensin II did not. In fact, TRH slightly but transiently inhibited basal GH release and strongly inhibited VIP-stimulated GH release. GH-releasing factor (GRF) stimulated GH more potently and with higher intrinsic activity than VIP but GRF did not increase Prl release. The present data indicate that under defined hormonal conditions VIP and PHI are capable of stimulating GH release and that TRH can antagonize this effect by a direct action on the pituitary. PMID- 3918280 TI - DRG's and home care. PMID- 3918281 TI - A PPS for Medicaid: one state's approach. PMID- 3918282 TI - Opioid peptides in pseudocyesis. AB - Five women with pseudocyesis were evaluated during a two-year period. A random, nontimed blood sample was obtained from each woman at the time of initial encounter that revealed a hormone pattern most consistent with polycystic ovarian disease; mean (+/- SE) concentration of luteinizing hormone (LH) was 14.2 +/- 2.1 mIU/mL, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) was 3.3 +/- 0.7 mIU/mL, prolactin (PRL) was 23.5 +/- 1.3 ng/mL, estrone was 74.7 +/- 15.0 pg/mL, and estradiol was 54.7 +/- 13.0 pg/mL. In four of these patients, serum progesterone concentration was elevated over expected follicular phase values. The opiate antagonist, naloxone, was administered to four women before disclosure of their diagnosis. Naloxone treatment failed to induce LH or PRL release. Because naloxone did not cause a change in hormone concentration, naloxone-sensitive opioid mechanisms are apparently not involved in this disorder. After resolution of pseudocyesis, naloxone-induced LH release was appropriate for the phase of the cycle in which the narcotic blocking agent was administered. PMID- 3918283 TI - Management of Bartholin duct cysts with the carbon dioxide laser. AB - Fourteen women with Bartholin duct cysts were treated by creating a neostoma with the carbon dioxide laser at the time of cyst drainage. No catheters, packs, or other materials were left in the treated gland. All but one patient were treated in the author's office under local anesthesia. All patients were managed using the same operative technique. Twelve of the 14 patients required only one treatment. One patient required three operations and another two procedures. General anesthesia was necessary in only one patient. All patients conformed to long-term follow-up. All patients are now free of disease and apparently have normal glandular function. It is concluded that this technique, when used in selected patients, may offer benefits over conventional approaches and has little or no morbidity. PMID- 3918284 TI - Hazard to endotracheal tubes by CO2 laser beam. Experimental report. AB - Ignition or combustion of the endotracheal tube during CO2 laser microlaryngo surgery may cause fatal lung disorders. We undertook an experiment on ignition and combustion of endotracheal tubes by CO2 laser beam and came to the following conclusions: (a) the silicon endotracheal tube was nonflammable; (b) the spiral endotracheal tube was also nonflammable; (c) a pulse wave was recommended and 3 second intervals were necessary; (d) four sheets of moist gauze were necessary to prevent cuff trouble, and (e) it was advisable to set the O2 concentration below 25% when using the silicon endotracheal tube. PMID- 3918285 TI - Synthesis of prostaglandin E2 and F2 alpha in human tonsillar lymphocytes. AB - Although prostaglandins (PGs), especially PGE2 and PGF2 alpha, are thought to be associated with inflammation, there have been no papers dealing with the synthesis of PGE2 and PGF2 alpha in human tonsillar lymphocytes. The features of PG synthesis in lymphocytes were investigated by incubating cells with radiolabelled precursors. Synthesis of PGE2 was greater than that of PGF2 alpha in tonsillar lymphocytes. PGE2 was the predominant product in the tonsillar lymphocytes of the recent infection group. There was no significant difference between T and B lymphocytes in the ratio of PGE2 and PGF2 alpha formed. A significant increase in PGE2 formed with bradykinin was found in the tonsillar hypertrophy group. The possible role of PGs in the pathogenesis and mechanism of releasing free fatty acid PG precursors from cell membranes was discussed. PMID- 3918286 TI - Ultrasound in congenital intracranial haemorrhage secondary to isoimmune thrombocytopaenia. AB - Three cases of congenital intracranial haemorrhage, diagnosed post-natally by ultrasound, are presented. The ultrasound findings of intracranial haemorrhage secondary to thrombocytopaenia are discussed. The haematomas were partly organised at birth and the ventricular systems were dilated in two cases. This type of haemorrhage is a different entity from post-natal intracranial haemorrhage in the preterm infant. PMID- 3918287 TI - Fatty acid abnormalities in cystic fibrosis. AB - Fatty acids were measured by gas chromatography in lipid extracts of plasma and tissues obtained from three categories of 46 patients with cystic fibrosis. Low levels of the major essential fatty acid linoleate were found in plasma total lipids of patients who had malabsorption but not in those without evidence of steatorrhea. Circulating arachidonic acid was only slightly decreased, and the unusual triene reflecting pathologically altered fatty acid metabolism (20:3 omega 9) was generally not detected, nor was the triene/tetraene ratio abnormal except for in two patients. There was no correlation between plasma linoleate and age, clinical severity score, or vitamin E status. Decreased linoleate did correlate with two indices of malabsorption, namely plasma carotene (r = 0.64) and fecal fat excretion (r = 0.76). Our data therefore indicate that the abnormality in linoleate is associated with (secondary to) malabsorption of dietary fat despite pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy and consumption of a regular diet. The frequency of this alteration was determined to be quite high in 40 patients with steatorrhea, 85% of whom showed values below the lower limit of normal for plasma linoleate. It was of interest to find markedly decreased levels of linoleate in adipose tissue, cardiac muscle, and lung and lesser reductions in liver and psoas muscle taken at autopsies. Tissue arachidonic acid percentage was normal, however, and 20:3 omega 9 was rarely present. Thus, the physiological significance of this common abnormality in CF patients with malabsorption remains to be determined. PMID- 3918288 TI - Evidence for decreased secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone in pubertal boys during short-term testosterone treatment. AB - Information about the site(s) of action as well as the age-dependent effects of sex steroids on gonadotropin-releasing hormone and gonadotropin secretion during human puberty is limited. To begin to address these questions, we evaluated the effects of a depot preparation of testosterone (testosterone enanthate) on gonadotropin secretion and pituitary responses to synthetic GnRH in 10, early to mid-pubertal boys who had either isolated GH deficiency (n-2) or delayed adolescent maturation (n-8). Chronological and bone age ranges were 13 1/12-16 1/12 and 11-14 yr, respectively. Frequent blood withdrawal studies (every 20 min for 20 consecutive h) were performed in the Clinical Research Center over two consecutive weekends. Following each study, gonadotropin responses to GnRH (0.25 microgram/kg iv bolus) were determined. During the initial study, all boys showed a sleep-entrained increase in luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone (T) secretion; mean nocturnal concentrations of LH and T were 2.3-fold greater than daytime values. At the end of the first study, testosterone enanthate was given im (0, 25, 50, or 75 mg/m2). Six days later, mean plasma T concentrations were in the pubertal to mid adult male range and were constant throughout the day: 25 mg/m2, 3.7 +/- 0.4 (SE) ng/ml; 50 mg/m2, 4.6 +/- 0.2 ng/ml; and 75 mg/m2, 6.7 +/- 0.4 ng/ml. T treatment had no effect on pituitary responses to GnRH: mean LH increment was 8.5 mIU/ml before and 10.0 mIU/ml after T treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3918289 TI - Lipid clearing in premature infants during continuous heparin infusion: role of circulating lipases. AB - The nature of the lipases released into the circulation during low level continuous infusion of heparin (1 unit/ml total parenteral nutrition) and after bolus heparin injection (10 units/kg) was investigated in a group of 11 low birth weight infants (gestational age 27-34 wk, and postnatal age of 7-26 days) receiving total parenteral nutrition with Intralipid (0.5 g/kg). Hepatic lipase and extra-hepatic lipoprotein lipase were differentiated with the aid of an antibody specific for human hepatic lipase. The data show that continuous low level heparin infusion leads to a constant baseline postheparin lipolytic activity of 0.77 +/- 0.18 mumol free fatty acids released per milliliter serum per hour. Bolus heparin injection leads to peak lipolytic activity levels of 3.77 +/- 0.46 mumol free fatty acids per milliliter serum per hour, 10 min after injection. About two-thirds of the total postheparin lipolytic activity was of the hepatic type during low level continuous infusion or after bolus injection of heparin. PMID- 3918290 TI - Serum diamine oxidase activity in acute gastroenteritis in children. AB - Serum diamine oxidase (DAO) activities were measured in 20 control patients and in 24 patients with gastroenteritis. Results (mean +/- SE) were as follows: 1) control patients (n = 20), 36.2 +/- 5.7 pmol h-1 ml-1; 2) gastroenteritis (acute phase) (n = 11), 31 +/- 4.9 pmol h-1 ml-1; 3) gastroenteritis (healing phase) (n = 21), 18 +/- 1.9 pmol h-1 ml-1. Patients with gastroenteritis in the healing phase had significantly lower DAO values when compared to control patients (p less than 0.001) and to gastroenteritis patients in the acute phase (p less than 0.05). In eight patients where both acute and healing phase values could be measured, a significant decrease between acute and healing phase was found (p less than 0.001). Patients with severe gastroenteritis tended to have lower DAO activity values than patients with moderate gastroenteritis (p = 0.10). Our results support the hypothesis that serum DAO activity is a marker of the total mass of functional enterocytes, the decrease of which during gastroenteritis is reflected in a decrease of serum DAO activity values. PMID- 3918291 TI - Incorporation of [14C]glucose into alpha-1,4 bonds of glycogen by leukocytes and fibroblasts of patients with type III glycogen storage disease. AB - In two patients assay of alpha-1,6-amyloglucosidase activity by incorporation of [14C]glucose into glycogen revealed normal activity in leukocytes, erythrocytes, and fibroblasts, whereas no activity was detected in liver and muscle. No activity in any tissue was found when enzyme activity was assayed by following the release of glucose from a phosphorylase limit dextrin. Labeling of glycogen by incubation with crude tissue homogenates according to the protocol used for the [14C]glucose method and subsequent degradation of the outer portion of the polysaccharide molecule with beta-amylase showed that with tissues from normal controls more than 90% of the label of the glycogen was retained in the limit dextrin. When fibroblasts or leukocytes of the patients served as enzyme source up to 80% of the label was released after incubation with beta-amylase or phosphorylase a. Addition of Tris to the assay inhibited enzyme activity in fibroblast homogenates of the patients and of controls to the same extent and had no effect on the distribution of the label between supernatant and limit dextrin after beta-amylolysis of the labeled glycogen. A pH curve performed with fibroblast preparations from the patients and a normal control did not reveal differences in the effect of changes in pH on [14C]glucose incorporation. We propose that incorporation of [14C]glucose into glycogen by the enzyme present in the patients' cells was into alpha-1,4 linkages in glycogen. PMID- 3918292 TI - Utilization of galactose in cultured brain cells of neonatal mice. AB - Metabolism of galactose was examined in dissociated brain cells from neonatal mice after 10-13 days in culture. Consumption of galactose at levels up to 26 mM was much less than consumption of glucose at corresponding concentrations. Lactate was consumed from the media at all galactose levels, in contrast to experiments with glucose in which lactate was formed and released into the media. Generation of CO2 from 4 mM glucose was 9-fold greater than from an equimolar level of galactose. Relatively low concentrations of glucose could reduce uptake of galactose, whereas galactose at levels up to 11.6 mM failed to inhibit consumption of glucose or formation of lactate. In glucose-deficient states, galactose supplementation of the media led to a marked increase in sulfatide synthesis by oligodendrocytes in the culture with a maximum effect at 2.3 mM. Under these conditions, [1-14C]galactose was incorporated directly into the carbohydrate portion of sulfatide, although most of the label was found in phospholipids and in the nonlipid fraction of the cellular homogenate. These data suggest that galactose is poorly metabolized by brain cells, but does not exhibit toxic effects. PMID- 3918293 TI - Pituitary-gonadal function in Klinefelter syndrome before and during puberty. AB - Serum concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, testosterone, and estradiol were determined at intervals before and during puberty in 40 individuals with Klinefelter syndrome (47,XXY karyotype), of whom 27 had been detected in neonatal cytogenetic screening programs. Prior to the appearance of secondary sexual changes, basal serum hormone concentrations and acute responses to stimulation with gonadotropin-releasing hormone and human chorionic gonadotropin were normal. The timing of the onset of clinical puberty was normal. Early pubertal boys showed initial testicular growth and normal serum testosterone levels, while serum follicle-stimulating hormone and estradiol concentrations were significantly elevated. By midpuberty, the Klinefelter subjects were uniformly hypergonadotropic and their testicular growth had ceased. Serum testosterone concentrations after age 15 remained in the low-normal adult range. Serum estradiol levels remained high, irrespective of the presence or absence of gynecomastia. Exaggerated responses to gonadotropin-releasing hormone are seen in pubertal subjects with elevated basal gonadotropin values. PMID- 3918294 TI - Cardiovascular and catecholamine changes after administration of pancuronium in distressed neonates. AB - Heart rate, blood pressure, transcutaneous gases, and catecholamine changes following intravenous injection of pancuronium were evaluated in seven ill newborn infants (birth weight: 1,280 to 4,500 g; gestational age, 29 to 42 weeks). Each infant was monitored continuously for 30 minutes before and 50 minutes after infusion of the paralyzing agent. There were no significant changes in transcutaneous gases, whereas significant increases in heart rate; systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressures; and blood norepinephrine and epinephrine levels were found. The increase in heart rate lasted for 30 minutes, and the increase in blood pressure persisted for 50 minutes after administration of the drug. Because of the potential relationship between increased blood pressure and intraventricular hemorrhage and myocardial dysfunction, heart rate and blood pressure must be monitored during infusion of pancuronium in distressed newborns. These data suggest that pancuronium stimulates sympathetic activity in distressed newborns. PMID- 3918295 TI - Management: where does the money go? PMID- 3918296 TI - Home parenteral nutrition: a viable alternative for patients with cancer. PMID- 3918297 TI - Brain abscess in a patient with cystic fibrosis. PMID- 3918298 TI - Efficacy of (D-Leu6)-des Gly-NH2 10-LHRH ethylamide against prostatic cancer. AB - Twenty-two patients with prostatic cancer were treated for 12 to 52 weeks with the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist, (D-Leu6)-des Gly-NH2 10-LHRH ethylamide (leuprolide). The clinical efficacy of leuprolide was evaluated at 12 weeks according to NPCP criteria. All seven patients with Stage B and C disease demonstrated a partial objective regression. The objective response rate in 12 previously untreated Stage D patients was 92% (partial regression: 5; stable disease: 6). In three relapsing Stage D patients, one demonstrated stable disease and two failed to respond to leuprolide therapy. Even though the dose of leuprolide used in this study was high, no serious side effects were observed in any patients. There was a large increase in serum FSH and LH levels during the first few days of treatment, but serum FSH and LH levels fell below the initial levels by 1 and 2 weeks, respectively. Serum testosterone fell to less than 1 ng/ml within 3 weeks, and at 12 weeks it was 7.99% of the initial level. The present study shows that chronic administration of leuprolide in high doses can safely and effectively reduce the level of serum testosterone in patients with prostatic cancer. PMID- 3918299 TI - Outpatient intravenous antibiotic therapy. Ten years' experience. AB - The experience within the past ten years at Methodist Hospital and Park Nicollet Medical Center, Minneapolis, has clearly demonstrated that outpatient intravenous (IV) antibiotic therapy can be undertaken with relative ease and results in substantial cost savings. During this time, no significant morbidity and no mortality associated with this modality have occurred. Patients of all ages with bone, joint, skin, or soft-tissue infection and other infectious diseases such as meningitis have participated. Patient compliance and enthusiasm have been high. Necessary elements for such a program include an enthusiastic medical staff, a central admixture service, and a team of nurses or other health care professionals available for IV cannula care. Careful patient selection, education, and follow-up are also essential. We believe use of outpatient IV antibiotic therapy will continue to grow in the future, in part because of changes in the financing of medical care. PMID- 3918300 TI - Coronary artery bypass surgery. An HMO perspective. PMID- 3918301 TI - Interferon is a mediator of hematopoietic suppression in aplastic anemia in vitro and possibly in vivo. AB - We have investigated interferon as a mediator of hematopoietic suppression in bone marrow failure. Interferon production by stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with aplastic anemia was significantly higher than that observed in controls; spontaneous interferon production by these cells was also high for more than half of aplastic anemia patients. Circulating interferon, not detectable in normal individuals, was detected in 10 of 24 patients. Interferon is a potent inhibitor of hematopoietic cell proliferation and, therefore, may be the mediator of suppression in many in vitro models employing patients' cells and sera. The possible pathogenic importance of interferon in aplastic anemia was suggested by an increase in hematopoietic colony formation in vitro after exposure of bone marrow cells to antiinterferon antisera (277 +/- 71% increase for patients compared to 1.6 +/- 1.6% for normal individuals). Interferon levels in the bone marrow sera of aplastic anemia patients were high (mean = 203 international units (IU)/ml, n = 8), even in comparison to circulating levels in the same patients. Normal bone marrow sera also contained measurable interferon but at lower levels (41 IU/ml, n = 16), indicating that interferon may be a normal bone marrow product. High concentration of bone marrow interferon, possibly due to abnormal immunologic activity or a reaction to virus infection of the bone marrow, may mediate hematopoietic suppression in aplastic anemia patients. PMID- 3918302 TI - Glucose increases the synthesis of lipoxygenase-mediated metabolites of arachidonic acid in intact rat islets. AB - Previous studies suggested that products of a 12-lipoxygenase pathway in the pancreatic islet may promote insulin release. To determine whether glucose augments the production of such metabolites, intact rat islets prelabeled with [3H]arachidonate were stimulated with glucose, and 12-hydroxy-5,8,10,14 icosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE) release was measured by using HPLC. D-Glucose (16.7 mM) augmented the enzymatic synthesis of 12-HETE by 271% above that seen with 0-1.7 mM glucose. The glucose effect was stereospecific and preferential for the alpha anomer; it was modestly potentiated by the cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor ibuprofen. Glucose-stimulated 12-HETE accumulation was abrogated by mannoheptulose and was reproduced by the trioses glyceraldehyde or dihydroxyacetone, suggesting that the metabolism of glucose to glucose 6 phosphate or triose phosphates (or both) is critical. Glucose also augmented [3H]arachidonate labeling of islets, suggesting an action at the level of substrate release or re-uptake (or both). These features of islet 12-HETE synthesis accord well with other known effects of glucose on beta cell function and suggest that lipoxygenase-mediated metabolites of arachidonate may be suitable candidates to mediate or amplify glucose's effects on insulin release. PMID- 3918303 TI - Apolipoprotein E mRNA is abundant in the brain and adrenals, as well as in the liver, and is present in other peripheral tissues of rats and marmosets. AB - The relative amount of apolipoprotein (apo-) E mRNA in 12 different tissues of the rat and marmoset was examined by dot blot hybridization using cloned cDNA probes. As expected, it was found to be most abundant in the liver. However, substantial amounts of apo-E mRNA were found in the brain and adrenals at relative levels about one-third of that found in the liver. Significant quantities of apo-E mRNA were detected in all of the other peripheral tissues as well. The apo-E mRNA levels in these tissues were 2-10% of that found in the liver of the rat and 10-30% of that found in the liver of the marmoset. Apo-E mRNA was also abundant in human brain and in each species examined; it was distributed throughout all major areas of this organ. In contrast, apo-A-I mRNA was detected in abundant amounts only in the small intestine and in the liver. Extrahepatic apo-E mRNA appears to be functional, generating a translation product similar or identical to that generated by the liver. During fetal and neonatal development, apo-E mRNA is rapidly induced from low levels to approximately equal to 60% of adult levels in liver at parturition. The fetal yolk sac contains more apo-E mRNA than the fetal liver, suggesting a significant role for the yolk sac as a source of apo-E during gestation. PMID- 3918304 TI - Effects of two major activating lesions on the structure and conformation of human ras oncogene products. AB - ras oncogenes are frequently activated in human tumors by mutations at codon 12 or 61 in their coding sequences. To investigate how these subtle alterations exert such profound effects on the biologic activities of these genes, we studied structural and conformational properties of human ras-oncogene-encoded 21-kDa proteins (p21s). We observed striking differences in the electrophoretic mobilities of the proteins under reducing and nonreducing conditions. These findings imply that intramolecular disulfide bonds affect native p21 conformation. The two activating lesions were shown to induce distinctly different alterations in p21 electrophoretic mobility that were unmasked only under reducing conditions. These results suggest that regions of the molecule containing such alterations are either not exposed or under conformational constraints in the native p21 molecule. We confirmed the opposing effects on protein mobility induced by the two activating lesions by using a recombinant gene containing both lesions. The recombinant gene's high-titer transforming activity further established that the two lesions do not negatively complement one another with respect to transforming-gene function. Our findings of distinct alterations in electrophoretic mobilities of position-12- and position-61-altered p21 molecules should be applicable to the rapid immunologic diagnosis of ras oncogenes in human malignancies. PMID- 3918305 TI - Gene encoding human growth hormone-releasing factor precursor: structure, sequence, and chromosomal assignment. AB - We have isolated and characterized overlapping clones from phage lambda and cosmid human genomic libraries that predict the entire structure of the gene encoding the precursor to human growth hormone-releasing factor. The gene includes five exons spanning 10 kilobase pairs of human genomic DNA. There appears to be a segregation of distinct functional regions of the GRF precursor and its mRNA into the five exons of the gene. The DNA sequences of all exons, intron/exon boundaries, and 5' and 3' flanking regions are presented. Dot-blot analysis of DNA from high resolution dual-laser-sorted human chromosomes indicates that the single-copy growth hormone-releasing factor gene is located on human chromosome 20. PMID- 3918306 TI - Use of a cDNA expression vector for isolation of mouse interleukin 2 cDNA clones: expression of T-cell growth-factor activity after transfection of monkey cells. AB - A cDNA sequence coding for mouse interleukin 2 (IL-2) has been cloned from a cDNA library prepared from mRNA derived from a concanavalin A-activated mouse T-cell clone. The library was constructed by using the pcD vector system, which permits the expression of cDNA inserts in mammalian cells. Screening of the library was performed by transfecting COS-7 monkey cells with pools of cDNA clones in order to express the products encoded by full-length cDNA inserts. By assaying the supernatant fluid, IL-2 cDNA clones that express T-cell growth-factor (TCGF) activity were identified. The DNA sequence codes for a polypeptide of 169 amino acid residues including a putative signal peptide. The mouse IL-2 amino acid sequence deduced from the nucleotide sequence of its cDNA shares extensive homology with the human IL-2 amino acid sequence reported previously. These results demonstrate that identification of full-length cDNA clones for many lymphokines may be achieved entirely on the basis of detection of the functional polypeptides in mammalian cells. PMID- 3918307 TI - Phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 on serine after microinjection of the Abelson murine leukemia virus tyrosine-specific protein kinase into Xenopus oocytes. AB - Phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts is dependent on the presence of serum, but after transformation of these cells by Abelson murine leukemia virus (Ab-MuLV), S6 remained highly phosphorylated on serine residues either in the absence or the presence of serum. To investigate whether S6 phosphorylation in this system was a consequence of the action of the Ab-MuLV tyrosine-specific protein kinase, purified Ab-MuLV kinase made in Escherichia coli was microinjected into Xenopus oocytes and was observed to cause a 7- to 15 fold increase in the phosphorylation of S6 on serine residues. Two-dimensional phosphopeptide maps of S6 phosphorylated in Ab-MuLV-transformed NIH cells in the absence of serum were identical to those of S6 isolated from normal cells grown in the presence of serum. In addition, S6 from oocytes injected with Ab-MuLV kinase yielded an S6 phosphopeptide map indistinguishable from that of serum stimulated NIH 3T3 cells, whereas S6 from control oocytes lacked several phosphopeptides. Ab-MuLV kinase did not phosphorylate S6 directly in vitro, and microinjection of a mutant Ab-MuLV protein lacking kinase activity had no effect. These results indicate that the Ab-MuLV kinase interacts with a cellular pathway to enhance S6 phosphorylation by directly or indirectly activating an S6 protein kinase and/or inactivating an S6 protein phosphatase. PMID- 3918308 TI - Structure of the chromosomal gene for murine interleukin 3. AB - We have isolated the mouse interleukin 3 (IL-3) gene from a mouse sperm DNA library based on homology with the mouse mast-cell growth-factor (MCGF) cDNA sequence. The nucleotide sequence determined for the gene and its flanking regions reveals that the IL-3 gene is composed of four introns and five exons. The nucleotide sequence of the exons agrees with that determined for the MCGF cDNA. A "TATA"-like sequence preceded by a G + C-rich region is found in the 5' flanking region. At the 3' region of the second intron are nine repeats of a closely related 14-base-pair (bp) sequence. These repeated sequences share extensive homology with a 20-bp repeated sequence found in the human genome, which was shown to have enhancer activity. Eight out of nine repeats form a 73-bp duplicated sequence and each 73-bp repeat contains sequences homologous to the core sequence suggested for enhancer elements. These sequences may play a role in the expression of the IL-3 gene in concanavalin A- or antigen-stimulated T lymphocytes. Stable transformants of L cells generated by co-transformation of the IL-3 gene with pSV2neo constitutively express MCGF activity indicating that the isolated gene is functional in vivo. PMID- 3918309 TI - A selenium-containing nucleoside at the first position of the anticodon in seleno tRNAGlu from Clostridium sticklandii. AB - In previous studies, the single selenonucleoside component of a selenium containing tRNAGlu isolated from Clostridium sticklandii has been shown to be 5 methyl-aminomethyl-2-selenouridine. Here, we show that this selenonucleoside is most likely located at the "wobble" position of the anticodon of the clostridial seleno-tRNAGlu. Nuclease T1 digestion of this seleno-tRNAGlu generated one major selenium-containing oligonucleotide (25 bases long). The selenium-containing residue within this oligonucleotide was located by sequence analysis of the oligonucleotide before and after removal of selenium by treatment with cyanogen bromide. The sequence of this oligonucleotide, A-A-C-C-G-C-C-C-U-U+-U-C-A+C-G-G-C G-G-U-A-A-C-A-G, is homologous to that of the Escherichia coli tRNAGlu2 from residues 27 to 50, including the anticodon region and the variable loop, except that the E. coli tRNA has 5-methylaminomethyl-2-thiouridine instead of the selenonucleoside. PMID- 3918311 TI - Hypothalamic-adenohypophyseal origin of reproductive failure in mice following chronic infection with Toxoplasma gondii. AB - Mice chronically infected with Toxoplasma gondii exhibited reproductive failure characterized by a constant diestrous vaginal cytology and ovarian and uterine atrophy. Chronically infected mice were treated with 20 ng of D-Leu6-des-Gly-NH2 Pro-ethylamide (D-Leu6), a structural analog of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH), every 4 hr over a 12-hr period daily, for 3 days. Infected animals treated with D-Leu6 had greater pituitary weight (P less than 0.01), ovarian weight (P less than 0.01), and uterine weight (P less than 0.025), than did infected control mice treated with saline. In addition, a change in vaginal cytology to estrus, metestrus, and proestrus of the D-Leu6-treated animals was observed, although a contiguity of normal estrous cycles and reproductive function was not determined. Comparable basal levels of serum luteinizing hormone (LH) were seen in infected mice and uninfected normal mice. However, the infected animals demonstrated a decreased pituitary responsiveness to D-Leu6 when monitored at 60 (P less than 0.025) and 120 min (P less than 0.010) following intraperitoneal administration of a bolus of 200 ng of the analog. Thus, the observed reproductive failure involves the readily releasable pool of pituitary LH, since basal LH is similar in both groups, and appears to be due to a dysfunction of the hypothalamic-adenohypophyseal axis. PMID- 3918310 TI - Hypermutation at the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus in a pre-B-cell line. AB - Most cells in the well-known pre-B-lymphocyte line 18-81 have correctly assembled genes for both alleles at the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus. Only one allele is "active"; the other, "silent" allele contains an amber termination codon. The rate of reversion of this amber codon was determined to be 0.3-1 X 10(-4) per cell generation. This high rate is termed hypermutation. PMID- 3918313 TI - Processed antigen and MHC molecules. PMID- 3918312 TI - Salicylic acid blocks indomethacin-induced cyclooxygenase inhibition and lesion formation in rat gastric mucosa. AB - Salicylic acid has been shown to decrease gastric mucosal lesions induced by indomethacin in the rat. In vitro, it has also been shown to counteract the inhibitory effect of indomethacin and aspirin on the cyclooxygenase enzyme system in seminal vesicle microsomes and in platelets and vascular tissue. The hypothesis that the mechanism of salicylic acid "protection" against indomethacin induced gastric lesions involves interference with indomethacin-induced mucosal cyclooxygenase inhibition was tested. Male, fasted rats were treated with intragastric salicylic acid in doses of 50, 100, 200, 300, or 400 mg/kg concomitantly with a sc injection of 20 mg/kg of indomethacin. Gastric mucosal lesions and mucosal cyclooxygenase activity (as measured by ex vivo prostaglandin F2 alpha synthesis) were examined 3 hr later. Intragastric salicylic acid, 200 400 mg/kg, significantly reduced indomethacin-induced lesion formation, while counteracting significantly indomethacin inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis. Salicylic acid alone did not significantly change cyclooxygenase activity. It is concluded that topical salicylic acid can decrease indomethacin-induced gastric mucosal lesion in the rat, in part, by counteracting the inhibitory effect of indomethacin at the cyclooxygenase level. PMID- 3918314 TI - HLA class-II immune response genes and products in leprosy. PMID- 3918315 TI - Extensive distal subcutaneous metastases of a "benign" giant cell tumor of the radius. AB - A case of distant metastases of a giant cell tumor of the radius is presented. The tumor within the radius was excised, followed by arthrodesis of the wrist and bone grafting with tibia. At the time she came to us, the patient presented distal dissemination, so we performed curettage of each one of the multiple metastases of soft tissues of the hand. After 9 months, a local recurrence in the radius was resected, and reconstruction was done with a vascularized graft of fibula. Later treatment consisted of intraarterial chemotherapy. The patient is in satisfactory condition 1 year after surgery. PMID- 3918316 TI - National Children and Youth Fitness Study: its contribution to our national objectives. PMID- 3918317 TI - Cardiovascular fitness program: factors associated with participation and adherence. AB - Despite the proliferation in the last 10 to 15 years of cardiovascular fitness programs, little is known about who uses them. Who joins such a program and who adheres after enrollment were examined in this study. The first issue was addressed by comparing clients who came to the Coronary Detection and Intervention Center of the 92nd Street YM-YWHA in New York City to obtain a CHD risk assessment with those who, after being evaluated for coronary heart disease, enrolled in the center's fitness program. Joiners were found to be in poorer physical condition than nonjoiners. In addition, they were more concerned about their health and more likely to see improved health as being beneficial to other areas of their lives. The issue of adherence was investigated by comparing the joiners who attended less than 50 percent of the exercise sessions with those who attended 50 percent or more of the sessions. Those who adhered to the program were found to be more fit than those who did not adhere. These results, in conjunction with those of other researchers, have several useful implications for the administration of cardiovascular fitness programs. PMID- 3918318 TI - Drugs in fatally injured young male drivers. AB - One or more drugs were detected in 81 percent of 440 male drivers, aged 15-34, killed in motor vehicle crashes in California; two or more drugs were detected in 43 percent. Alcohol, the most frequently found drug, was detected in 70 percent of the drivers, marijuana in 37 percent, and cocaine in 11 percent. Each of 24 other drugs was detected in fewer than 5 percent. Except for alcohol, drugs were infrequently found alone; typically, they were found in combination with high blood alcohol concentrations. The causal role of drugs in crashes was assessed by comparing drivers with and without drugs in terms of their responsibility for the crash. Alcohol was associated with increased crash responsibility; the role of other drugs could not be adequately determined. PMID- 3918319 TI - Community-oriented primary care: a promising innovation in primary care. PMID- 3918320 TI - Estimates of pregnancies and pregnancy rates for the United States, 1976-81. PMID- 3918321 TI - Age variation in use of a contraceptive service by adolescents. AB - During the past decade, much has been written about adolescents' use of contraception and their experience of pregnancy. Few researchers, however, have distinguished between the experiences of older and younger adolescents. The purpose of this paper is to provide such a comparison. The data were collected during more than 7,000 visits made by 4,318 patients during almost 5 years of operation of an adolescent contraceptive service in the Washington Heights area of New York City. Characteristics of four groups--14 years and younger, 15-17 years, 18-19 years, and 20-21 years--were examined. The youngest teens initiated sexual intercourse 4 years earlier than the oldest group. Among those 14 or younger, 87 percent had never used contraception, and 9 percent had been pregnant. In the oldest group, more than two-thirds had used a contraceptive method, and three-fifths had already experienced a pregnancy. Results of multivariate analyses indicate that older teens are more likely to come to the clinic for contraception and to be consistent users of the first method of contraception that they select. On the other hand, younger teens are significantly more likely to revisit the clinic and to be pregnant at a second or later visit. PMID- 3918322 TI - The Cuban immigration of 1980: a special mental health challenge. AB - The 124,769 Cubans who entered the United States from Cuba in a boatlift in 1980 included a small minority of people who needed mental health care. Some had been taken involuntarily from psychiatric hospitals, mental retardation facilities, jails, and prisons. The National Institute of Mental Health, Public Health Service (PHS), was responsible for mental health screening, evaluation, and treatment of the Cuban Entrants. Bilingual psychiatrists and psychologists found that many Entrants given preliminary evaluations showed evidence of transient situational stress reactions, not psychiatric illnesses. Entrants who had not yet been sponsored were consolidated into one facility in October 1980, and about 100 of those with severe problems were transferred to an Immigration and Naturalization Service-PHS evaluation facility in Washington, DC. Between March 1, 1981, and March 1, 1982, a total of 3,035 Entrants were evaluated at both facilities. Among the 1,307 persons who presented symptoms, there was a primary diagnosis of personality disorders for 26 percent, schizophrenic disorders for 15 percent, adjustment disorders for 14.5 percent, mental retardation for 8.6 percent, chronic alcohol abuse for 8.6 percent, and major depression for 7.2 percent. Only 459 Cubans with symptoms were found to be in need of further psychiatric care. As of October 1984, many Entrants with psychiatric illnesses remained under inpatient or community-based halfway house psychiatric care as a direct Federal responsibility. A PHS program for further placement in community based facilities is underway. PMID- 3918323 TI - Analysis of county-level data concerning the use of Medicare home health benefits. AB - A multiple regression analysis was undertaken of variables identified in the literature as underlying the relationship between community characteristics and the availability and use of home health services. The literature on social science and health care administration was reviewed to identify the variables that theoretically underlie different rates of home health care use among communities. County statistics then were used to quantify many of those variables that, when considered in combination, should explain much of the use of home health services. Three categories of variables--general community characteristics, health sector characteristics, and service availability- contribute roughly equal amounts to the total explained variance of 25 percent. Viewed from the opposite perspective, 75 percent of the use of Medicare home health benefits remains unexplained despite the purported strong association between the variables employed in this analysis and the use of home health services. These findings abase the long-held belief that substitution of inpatient services for home care is commonplace, and they suggest the potential effectiveness of community-level strategies to promote the use of home health services, particularly efforts to increase their availability. PMID- 3918324 TI - Cardiovascular disease and diet: the public view. AB - A national probability sample of the public was asked questions dealing with perceived relationships between diet (especially sodium, cholesterol, and saturated fats) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). More than half of the respondents were aware of the suspected relationship between sodium and hypertension, and nearly half were aware that saturated fats and cholesterol may be factors in other types of CVD. Majorities expressed concern about these substances, and substantial minorities claimed to be making efforts to reduce consumption of them. The data provide a baseline against which future developments may be measured. PMID- 3918325 TI - Severe attacks by dogs: characteristics of the dogs, the victims, and the attack settings. AB - Sixteen incidents involving dog bites fitting the description "severe" were identified among 5,711 dog bite incidents reported to health departments in five South Carolina counties (population 750,912 in 1980) between July 1, 1979, and June 30, 1982. A "severe" attack was defined as one in which the dog "repeatedly bit or vigorously shook its victim, and the victim or the person intervening had extreme difficulty terminating the attack." Information from health department records was clarified by interviews with animal control officers, health and police officials, and persons with firsthand knowledge of the events. Investigation disclosed that the dogs involved in the 16 severe attacks were reproductively intact males. The median age of the dogs was 3 years. A majority of the attacks were by American Staffordshire terriers, St. Bernards, and cocker spaniels. Ten of the dogs had been aggressive toward people or other dogs before the incident that was investigated. Ten of the 16 victims of severe attacks were 10 years of age or younger; the median age of all 16 victims was 8 years. Twelve of the victims either were members of the family that owned the attacking dog or had had contact with the dog before the attack. Eleven of the victims were bitten on the head, neck, or shoulders. In 88 percent of the cases, the attacks took place in the owner's yard or home, or in the adjoining yard. In 10 of the 16 incidents, members of the victims' families witnessed the attacks. The characteristics of these attacks, only one of which proved fatal, were similar in many respects to those that have been reported for other dog bite incidents that resulted in fatalities. On the basis of this study, the author estimates that a risk of 2 fatalities per 1,000 reported dog bites may exist nationwide. Suggestions made for the prevention of severe attacks focus on changing the behavior of both potential canine attackers and potential victims. PMID- 3918326 TI - A civilian-military partnership to reduce the incidence of gonorrhea. AB - To reduce the incidence of gonorrhea in the Colorado Springs, Colo., area, casefinding measures (interviewing of patients and tracing of contacts) were conscientiously applied by the local health department, in cooperation with the U.S. Army, to more than 90 percent of reported cases during a 3-year period. Nearly 4,000 cases of gonorrhea--2,127 civilian and 1,811 military--were interviewed; they named 7,399 contacts. A total of 1,141 cases of gonorrhea were newly identified and patients brought to treatment in Colorado Springs as a result. Implementation of these measures was associated with a 12.9 percent overall decline in gonorrhea incidence. This decline was most pronounced in the civilian population (20 percent), while little change in incidence occurred in the military population. The data presented suggest that the orderly application of casefinding epidemiology, allied with other control program initiatives, can interrupt transmission of, and prevent, disease. PMID- 3918327 TI - Agreement of occupation and industry data on Rhode Island death certificates with two alternative sources of information. AB - There is increasing interest in documenting the putative health effects of occupational hazards, prompting Federal and State efforts that rely primarily on occupational information obtained from the death certificate. Previous studies have assessed the agreement of occupational data on death certificates with actual lifetime employment by using current employment data from census records for comparisons. Such analyses have largely been confined to males. We compared lifetime occupational information obtained from a panel survey for both sexes with death certificate data for 446 deceased panel members. After adjusting for inadequate information, the occupation recorded on the death certificates of the men agreed with the occupation recorded in the survey 66 percent of the time. The comparable percentage for the industry where the deceased had been employed was 78 percent. Among the women's records, agreement on occupation was 65 percent, and on industry, 69 percent. Using another sample of death certificates, comparisons of the information for 322 decedents with city directory data produced similar results. The higher level of agreement for women was due in part to the large number who were reported as "housewives." In a separate analysis, the agreement rate for nonhousewives declined. Suggestions for improvements in the recording of occupational data and the constraints imposed by the use of death certificate data in occupational epidemiology are presented. PMID- 3918328 TI - Women's health. Report of the Public Health Service Task Force on Women's Health Issues. PMID- 3918329 TI - Do inhibitor studies demonstrate a role for poly(ADP-ribose) in DNA repair? AB - 3-Aminobenzamide, an inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribose) synthesis, has been commonly used in attempts to demonstrate a regulatory role for the polymer during a late stage of repair. When a range of inhibitor concentrations was used paradoxical results were obtained. Up to 1 mM, 3-aminobenzamide appeared to reduce DNA break frequencies in cells damaged by methyl methane sulfonate; at doses of 2 mM and above, it appeared to increase break frequencies. In the high concentration range, many nonspecific side effects and cellular toxicity predominate. Evidence used to assert a role for poly(ADP-ribose) synthesis during ligation has usually been derived from experiments using high concentrations of 3-aminobenzamide, but these may be attributed to toxic side effects. 3-Aminobenzamide stimulates a large increase in repair replication which does not result from increased excision of damaged sites or an increased patch length but may be attributable to other cellular effects such as endogenous nuclease attack on DNA. The cellular effects of 3-aminobenzamide are therefore complicated by nonspecific effects over a commonly used concentration range and evidence for a specific regulatory role of poly(ADP-ribose) in DNA repair is weak. PMID- 3918330 TI - Proportional counter dosimetry and microdosimetry for radiotherapy with multiple pion beams. AB - At the Swiss Institute for Nuclear Research (SIN) cancer patients are irradiated with negatively charged pi mesons using a 60-beam medical pion generator, the Piotron. A low-pressure tissue-equivalent proportional counter was used to measure absorbed dose and microdosimetric spectra. A method was developed to allow discrimination of events from different beam components, i.e., beam contamination (electrons and muons), pions in flight, and stopping pions. Measurements were performed along the axis and at lateral distances off one of these identical pion beams. The marked changes of total microdosimetric spectra with depth in phantom detected in earlier measurements are mainly due to large variations in the dose contributions of the beam components and much less to changes in the shapes of the individual microdosimetric spectra. The single beam measurements were used to calculate three-dimensional distributions of absorbed dose and of dose mean lineal energy, yD, for dynamic patient irradiations. Within the whole target volume yD remains nearly constant when irradiated with all 60 beams, whereas considerable changes were found for irradiations with 31 beams coming from a semicircle. Both size and shape of target volumes influence yD, the maximum values ranging from 30 to 45 keV/micron. PMID- 3918331 TI - Poly(ADP-ribose) and the response of cells to ionizing radiation. AB - The activity of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase is stimulated by DNA damage resulting from treatment of cells with ionizing radiation, as well as with DNA-damaging chemicals. The elevated polymerase activity can be observed at doses lower than those necessary for measurable reduction in cellular NAD concentration (less than 20 Gy). Several nuclear proteins, including the polymerase itself, are poly(ADP ribosylated) at elevated levels in irradiated Chinese hamster cells. The addition of inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase to irradiated cells has been found to sensitize the cells to the lethal effects of the radiation, to inhibit the repair of potentially lethal damage, and to delay DNA strand break rejoining. Because of the nonspecificity of the inhibitors, however, it is as yet unknown whether their effects are directly related to the inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, to interference with the poly(ADP-ribosylation) of one or more chromosomal proteins, or to effects unrelated to the poly(ADP-ribosylation) process. The data are consistent with the involvement of poly(ADP-ribose) in the repair of radiation damage, but the nature of this involvement remains to be elucidated. PMID- 3918332 TI - The stylohyoid ligament in Hurler syndrome and related conditions: comparison with normal children. AB - The stylohyoid ligament is seen on lateral radiographs of the neck to be normally calcified to some extent in approximately 25% of all children between ages 1 1/2 and 15. When it appears, the ossification pattern is a relatively thin configuration in 90% of children. In 8 out of 9 children with Hurler syndrome, the stylohyoid was calcified, and was thicker than in normal children. This finding illustrates the nature of the stylohyoid ligament as a bone analogue, and its participation in the skeletal deformation pattern of dysostosis multiplex. PMID- 3918333 TI - Postinflammatory ossicular fixation: CT analysis with surgical correlation. AB - Postinflammatory ossicular fixation is a common problem encountered by the otologic surgeon upon exploration because of conductive hearing loss in patients with chronic otitis media. These nonotosclerotic noncongenital lesions take three pathologic forms: fibrous tissue fixation (chronic adhesive otitis media), hyalinization of collagen (tympanosclerosis), and new bone formation (fibro osseous sclerosis). Fibrous tissue fixation appears on CT as nonbony, noncalcific soft-tissue debris encasing some or all of the ossicular chain. Tympanosclerosis appears as unifocal or multifocal punctate or weblike calcifications in the middle ear cavity or on the tympanic membrane. This debris may be in direct apposition to the ossicular chain or may replace the suspensory ligaments in symptomatic patients. New bone formation has been identified only in the attic and is the least common manifestation. Thick bony webs or generalized bony encasement may be present at CT. More than 300 patients with the clinical diagnosis of chronic otitis media have been examined. This study encompasses 23 proved cases. PMID- 3918334 TI - The CO2 flush: a new technique for percutaneous extraction of ureteral calculi. AB - A new technique for the percutaneous extraction of ureteral calculi is described. A jet of CO2 is injected through a retrograde ureteral catheter to dislodge ureteral stones. This safe and simple technique has been successfully used in ten patients. PMID- 3918335 TI - Ethanol and cardiac protein synthesis. AB - Acute exposure of the heart to ethanol does not appear to alter the rate of young guinea pig cardiac protein synthesis when assayed in vitro. In contrast, the primary metabolite of ethanol, acetaldehyde, markedly diminishes synthesis despite its chronotropic and inotropic effects. On the other hand, after 11-13 weeks of ethanol-drinking during growth and maturation, the synthetic capacity of the working right ventricle was decreased when measured in vitro with normal perfusate. Assay of synthesis of the contractile proteins myosin heavy and light chains, actin and tropomyosin suggests a change in synthesis or pool size of actin reflected in an alteration of relative synthesis of this protein compared to that of heavy chains. The relative synthesis of the other proteins remained at control levels. When hearts from ethanol-drinking and matched control animals were perfused under conditions of severe ischemia, there was a profound fall in protein synthesis in all hearts, and ethanol did not enhance the inhibition of synthesis. However, the hearts from ethanol-drinking animals showed a more marked and significant impairment of maintaining ejection pressure with a marked increase in coronary resistance as the perfusion progressed. It is postulated that some impairment of protein metabolism may occur during prolonged ethanol exposure, which may influence the cardiac response of another induced stress, e.g., ischemia. PMID- 3918336 TI - The role of actin-binding proteins vinculin, filamin, and fibronectin in intracellular and intercellular linkages in cardiac muscle. AB - The localization in cardiac muscle and the biochemical properties of fibronectin, filamin, and vinculin were studied. Fibronectin was localized between cardiomyocytes. Filamin was identified in the Z-line region of sarcomers and in the intercalated disks of heart muscle. Vinculin was found to be present in intercalated disks and near the plasma membrane at the cell periphery between external myofibrils and sarcolemma. It was suggested that fibronectin, filamin, and vinculin play an important role in intercellular and intracellular linkages in cardiac muscle. PMID- 3918337 TI - [Further developments in pancreatic islet transplantation I. Induction of selective morphological changes in the exocrine pancreas]. AB - For pancreatic islet transplantation to become clinically applicable, chemical agents are needed which cause selective morphological alterations in the exocrine part of the organ within a few hours after application. DL-ethionine (Aet), cerulein (Cd), seleno-DL-methionine (SeMet) and seleno-DL-ethionine (SeAet) were given to rats during various time periods. At 4 h after i.p. injection, 40 mg/kg SeMet caused the greatest selective morphological alterations in the exocrine pancreas. Acinar structure disappeared, the exocrine cells were abnormal and their nuclei had various dimensions and forms. There were, however, no alterations in the islet cells. At this time, neither Aet, Cd, nor SeAet produced similar changes. SeMet was the most toxic substance and was taken up in the shortest time and in the greatest amount. This selective destructive SeMet effect allows better isolation of the islets from exocrine tissue thereby increasing islet yield and decreasing transplantation volume. Better islet purification may prevent an early rejection. PMID- 3918338 TI - Remission of acquired pure red cell aplasia following plasma exchanges. AB - A 22-year-old woman had an idiopathic pure red cell aplasia that failed to respond to high doses of corticosteroids. After a series of 10 plasma exchange procedures, bone marrow erythropoiesis and reticulocyte blood count returned to normal; the haematological remission has been now persistent for 12 months. The place of plasma exchange in the management of pure red cell aplasia and its mode of action will be discussed. PMID- 3918339 TI - Immunological markers in acute leukaemia. AB - 61 acute leukaemias were classified by both immunological and morphological criteria. In 58 (95%) of the cases correlation was found between the immunological and morphological diagnosis. In 3 (5%) cases, no correlation was found between the immunological subclasses and the FAB-subgroups in ALL. Neither was a correlation found between FAB-subclasses in AML and reaction with myeloid antibodies other than MY-7 which did preferentially react with M4 and M5 leukaemia. PMID- 3918340 TI - Kinetic evaluation of four Factor VIII concentrates by model-independent methods. AB - Single-dose kinetics of 4 Factor VIII concentrates (Kryobulin, Hemofil T, Koate, cryoprecipitate) were studied in 41 patients with haemophilia-A. Model independent methods were adopted for calculating the kinetic parameters (area under the curve, clearance, area under the moment curve, mean residence time, volume of distribution at steady-state). No substantial difference was observed in the kinetic characteristics of the 4 Factor VIII concentrates. A considerable interindividual variability of the calculated kinetic parameters was demonstrated for all concentrates. Our findings support the need to individualize Factor VIII dosage. PMID- 3918341 TI - Kinetics and in vivo distribution of 111-In-labelled autologous platelets in chronic hepatic disease: mechanisms of thrombocytopenia. AB - The kinetics and distribution in vivo of autologous 111-In-labelled platelets were studied in 20 patients with chronic hepatic disease. The patients, 16 of whom were thrombocytopenic, exhibited a shortened platelet mean life time, a reduced platelet recovery and a normal platelet turnover, the latter 2 of which were positively correlated to the platelet count. Platelet in vivo recovery was negatively correlated to the spleen volume. In accordance with this, scintigraphic studies revealed that the spleen was the major organ of platelet sequestration and destruction, the role of the liver being almost negligible. Signs of platelet destruction in the bone marrow were also found. Our results indicate that splenic platelet pooling and accelerated platelet destruction, accompanied by inability of the bone marrow to compensate for the thrombocytopenia are the main causes of the thrombocytopenia accompanying chronic hepatic disease. PMID- 3918342 TI - Kinetics and distribution in vivo of 111In-labelled autologous platelets in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. AB - The kinetics of autologous 111In-labelled platelets were studied in 26 patients with ITP. The platelet mean life time (MLT) was considerably shortened, the platelet in vivo recovery slightly lowered and the platelet turnover normal. Comparative studies of the kinetics of simultaneously injected 111In- and 51Cr labelled platelets in 10 patients showed the MLT and turnover of 51Cr-platelets to be shorter and higher, respectively, than those of 111In-platelets, suggesting that 51Cr-labelling in ITP may underestimate platelet MLT and overestimate platelet turnover. Our results confirm that accelerated platelet destruction is an important pathogenetic factor in ITP, and that the platelet concentration may be influenced by increased splenic platelet pooling and by inability of the bone marrow to respond adequately to the low platelet count. Our scintigraphic studies showed that the spleen played an important role for platelet destruction in most patients, with the liver contributing in some patients. PMID- 3918343 TI - The role of negative charge in the complement-dependent dissociation of IgG mediated aggregation. AB - The IgG-mediated aggregation of yeast particles was used as a model to study the dissociating effect of human serum complement on immune aggregates. A 92% decrease in non-aggregated particles was obtained by coating particles with IgG. After incubation of the aggregates in normal human serum (NHS) at 37 degrees C the number of free particles increased almost 10 times. The effect could be obtained with ethyleneglycol-bis-(beta-aminoethylether)-N,N'-tetraacetic acid containing serum but not ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid-containing serum, indicating the importance of the alternate pathway of complement activation. Treatment with NHS did not release anti-yeast IgG from the particles, indicating that disruption of antigen-antibody bonds did not explain the phenomenon. The negative charge of the different particles was studied by measuring the interaction to diethylaminoethyl-Sephacel beads. Compared with non-coated and IgG coated particles, the NHS-treated particles were not released until the ionic strength increased to 200 mM NaCl or the pH decreased to 4.4, indicating a strong negative charge of NHS-treated particles. We propose that complement increases the negative charge of immune complexes, thereby inducing repulsive forces that counteract Fc-Fc interactions and increase the solubility of the complexes. PMID- 3918344 TI - [Epidemic listeriosis. Report of 25 cases in 15 months at the Vaud University Hospital Center]. AB - 25 cases (14 adults, 11 neonates) of Listeria monocytogenes infection were observed during a 15-month period (1983/1984) at the University Medical Center (CHUV) in Lausanne (Switzerland), in contrast to a mean of only 3 cases per year during the period 1974-1982. Eleven of 14 adults had neuromeningeal disease (3 meningitis, 7 meningoencephalitis, 1 encephalitis), and 3 patients had septicemia, two of whom were pregnant women. Among 8 adults with CNS parenchymal infection, 6 had involvement of the brainstem (rhombencephalitis), none of whom had an underlying disease characteristically predisposing to L. monocytogenes infection. Prominent clinical features in all patients with neuromeningeal disease included altered consciousness, headache and fever, and in 7 out of 8 patients with parenchymal CNS involvement an influenza-like illness was present prior to the development of neurological symptoms. Among the neuromeningeal cases the mortality rate was 45% (5 of 11), and 4 out of 6 survivors had severe neurological sequelae. During this 15-month period L. monocytogenes had become the leading cause of adult bacterial meningitis in this hospital. This is the first report on epidemic listeriosis in Switzerland, although sporadic cases have been described for 20 years. In contrast to previous years, analysis of the seasonal variation of the cases shows a peak of L. monocytogenes infections during the winter months of 1983/84. The high incidence of human listeriosis was not associated with an increase in animal cases. The human cases were uniformly distributed over the area, apparently in relation to population density.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3918345 TI - Vitamin E reversal of the effect of extracellular calcium on chemically induced toxicity in hepatocytes. AB - Isolated rat hepatocytes were incubated in the presence or absence of extracellular calcium and alpha-tocopherol succinate with three different toxic chemicals; namely, adriamycin in combination with 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1 nitrosourea, ethyl methanesulfonate, and the calcium ionophore A23187. In the absence of extracellular calcium these three compounds were far more toxic to the cells than in its presence. The addition of vitamin E to calcium-free medium, however, protected hepatocytes against toxic injury, whereas cells incubated in medium containing calcium were not protected. Hepatocyte viability during each toxic insult correlated well with the cellular alpha-tocopherol content but not with the presence or absence of extracellular calcium. These results suggest that cellular alpha-tocopherol maintains the viability of the cell during a toxic insult and that the presence or absence of vitamin E in the incubation medium probably explains the conflicting reports on the role of extracellular calcium in toxic cell death. PMID- 3918346 TI - Immunoprecipitation of insulin receptors from cultured human lymphocytes (IM-9 cells) by antibodies to pp60src. AB - The family of tyrosine-specific protein kinases includes proteins encoded by retroviral oncogenes as well as receptors for insulin and several growth factors. Antibodies to pp60src, the protein encoded by the src oncogene of Rous sarcoma virus (RSV), can specifically immunoprecipitate affinity-labeled insulin receptors from cultured human lymphocytes (IM-9 cells). This precipitation is specifically inhibited by the src gene product purified from RSV-transformed rat cells. These observations provide evidence that there is structural homology between the insulin receptors and pp60src. PMID- 3918347 TI - Chromosomal locations of the murine T-cell receptor alpha-chain gene and the T cell gamma gene. AB - Two independent methods were used to identify the mouse chromosomes on which are located two families of immunoglobulin (Ig)-like genes that are rearranged and expressed in T lymphocytes. The genes coding for the alpha subunit of T-cell receptors are on chromosome 14 and the gamma genes, whose function is yet to be determined, are on chromosome 13. Since genes for the T-cell receptor beta chain were previously shown to be on mouse chromosome 6, all three of the Ig-like multigene families expressed and rearranged in T cells are located on different chromosomes, just as are the B-cell multigene families for the Ig heavy chain, and the Ig kappa and lambda light chains. The findings do not support earlier contentions that genes for T-cell receptors are linked to the Ig heavy chain locus (mouse chromosome 12) or to the major histocompatibility complex (mouse chromosome 17). PMID- 3918349 TI - Progress toward understanding self-tolerance. PMID- 3918348 TI - Phenotypic and functional characterization of human malignant T cells. AB - Malignancies of thymus-derived (T) lymphocytes can be divided into two major groups: diseases of T cells expressing immature T cell markers (T-ALL, T cell lymphoblastic lymphoma) and diseases of malignant T cells expressing markers in a pattern similar to normal mature T cells (T cell CLL, ATL, various forms of CTCL, and T-PLL). Until specific pathways of normal cell maturation are known, the relationship of phenotypic expression of various T cell markers by malignant T cells to a particular stage of normal T cell differentiation must remain speculative. However, phenotypic characterization of malignant T cells is an important first step in the study of events that transpire in the development of T cell malignancies. Future parallel study into the mechanisms of normal and aberrant T cell maturation will undoubtedly lead to greater understanding of the pathogenesis of the T cell malignancies, and therefore pave the way for specific therapies for these difficult-to-treat syndromes. PMID- 3918350 TI - Guinea-pig inoculation and culture for Mycobacterium tuberculosis in infertile women. A study of cost-effectiveness. AB - Endometrial biopsy (EB) specimens obtained from infertile women at Natalspruit Hospital are routinely subjected to histological examination, culture for tubercle bacilli and guinea-pig inoculation (GPI). A retrospective analysis of 103 EB specimens from Natalspruit Hospital and 255 specimens from private patients (in the Greater Johannesburg area) examined during January 1981 - August 1983 revealed a 1,96% overall incidence of endometrial tuberculosis (TB). The incidence of endometrial TB in infertile Black women attending Natalspruit Hospital during this period was 4,85%. Confirmed cases of endometrial TB yielded positive cultures in 57% of cases; GPIs were positive in 71% of cases and histological findings were positive in 42% of cases. Statistical comparison of culture and GPI was difficult because of the small number of cases involved. Cost analysis of culture and GPI suggested that culture of EB specimens as a routine screening procedure for infertile patients is more cost-effective and that GPI tests should be reserved for cases in which TB is highly probable. The literature on symptoms, pathology and diagnostic investigation of pelvic TB is briefly reviewed. PMID- 3918351 TI - Energy expenditure in acute trauma to the head with and without barbiturate therapy. AB - The increased energy expenditure associated with severe trauma to the head appears genuine but exhibits wide variation in its magnitude. Patients with severe acute trauma to the head without barbiturate treatment are hypermetabolic with an average energy expenditure 26 per cent over predicted. Barbiturate therapy abolishes this hypermetabolism and decreases energy expenditure to 14 per cent below predicted. In the individual patient, there appears to be a close relationship between the degree of suppression of energy expenditure and the serum barbiturate level. However, this relationship would appear to be different in each patient, and therefore, for this group, a significant correlation between energy expenditure and serum barbiturate level does not exist. The wide variability of energy expenditure in individual patients makes the estimation of energy expenditure by population predictive formulas imprecise. This may lead to incorrect estimates of caloric requirements and inappropriate provision of exogenous energy substrates. Although for those patients receiving energy expenditure and serum barbiturate levels in the individual may further aid in estimating the caloric expenditure for each individual, in order to provide appropriate amounts of calories to the patient with trauma to the head, energy expenditure should be measured in each instance. PMID- 3918352 TI - Streptococcal bacteremia in hepatobiliary operations. AB - The incidence of fecal streptococci in bile is between 5 and 15 per cent of all positive culture findings. Fecal streptococci are not susceptible to the aminoglycoside or cephalosporin antibiotics, although these drugs are widely favored for prophylaxis during surgical treatment of the biliary tract. Over a three year period, 64 episodes of bacteremia have been identified in patients undergoing treatment for obstructive jaundice. Fifteen (23 per cent) of these episodes were due to fecal streptococci. The implications of this finding are discussed and the role of acylureidopenicillin antibiotics for prophylaxis considered. PMID- 3918353 TI - Endoscopic jejunal feeding tube through decompressing gastrostomy. AB - A simple technique is presented to provide rapid, accurate placement of a jejunal feeding tube through a decompressing gastrostomy using readily available supplies. Transgastrostomy feeding tube placement avoids prolonged nasal intubation and this endoscopic technique allows easy changing of the feeding tube should the need arise. PMID- 3918354 TI - Financial criteria, medical care, and your patient--the role of hospital medical staffs. PMID- 3918355 TI - Newly diagnosed cystic fibrosis in middle and later life. AB - Four patients with cystic fibrosis diagnosed in middle and later life are presented. All had chronic bronchopulmonary infection with a high sweat sodium concentration, and chest radiographic evidence of upper zone bronchiectasis. Two patients had pancreatic dysfunction. Sputum culture grew mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa in three patients and Haemophilus influenzae in one. Ages at diagnosis were 63, 42, 40, and 35 years. These patients confirm the possibility of occasional longevity in cystic fibrosis and emphasise the need to consider the diagnosis at all ages. They also provide encouragement for younger patients. PMID- 3918356 TI - Dose-response effect of sodium cromoglycate pressurised aerosol in exercise induced asthma. AB - The effects of 2, 10, and 20 mg of sodium cromoglycate delivered by aerosol were compared with those of placebo in a double blind study in 11 patients with extrinsic and exercise induced asthma. The effect of nebulised sodium cromoglycate delivered through a Wright nebuliser (estimated dose 12 mg) was also studied. Patients exercised on a treadmill for six to eight minutes at submaximal work loads on five days, 30 minutes after inhaling placebo or sodium cromoglycate. The FEV1 was recorded before treatment, before exercise, and up to 30 minutes after exercise. Mean baseline values of FEV1 before and after placebo or sodium cromoglycate did not differ significantly on the five days. After exercise the mean (SEM) maximal percentage fall in FEV1 after placebo; 12 mg sodium cromoglycate nebuliser solution; and 2, 10, and 20 mg sodium cromoglycate aerosol were 31.1 (3.8); 9.4 (2.1); and 19.4 (4.6), 13.7 (3.5), and 9.4 (1.9). Sodium cromoglycate inhibited exercise induced asthma at all doses used; the protective effect of the aerosol increased from 2 to 20 mg. The protective effect of 20 mg sodium cromoglycate aerosol was similar to that seen with 12 mg nebulised solution. Our results suggest that the effect of sodium cromoglycate aerosol in exercise induced asthma is dose related. PMID- 3918357 TI - The neurotoxicity of radiosensitizing drugs: a biochemical assessment of desmethylmisonidazole (DMM) in the rat. AB - This study evaluates a major metabolite of misonidazole, desmethylmisonidazole, for its potential to induce peripheral nerve damage using the lysosomal enzyme correlates of neuropathological change, namely beta-glucuronidase and beta galactosidase. The results showed that desmethylmisonidazole like misonidazole had a similar potential for inducing peripheral nerve damage as measured biochemically, but the dosing regimen had to be maintained for 10 consecutive days as opposed to the 7 days required for misonidazole. PMID- 3918358 TI - Effects of three proteins on absorption of cadmium in rats. AB - The effects of 3 proteins on the gastrointestinal absorption of cadmium were studied. Glycinin and ovalbumin significantly decreased cadmium in liver and the total cadmium in the tissues of rats following a single oral administration of cadmium. In addition, in rats fed continuously with the experimental diets containing cadmium together with proteins, glycinin and ovalbumin significantly decreased the contents of cadmium in the tissues. These results show that the proteins depressed the gastrointestinal absorption of cadmium. Moreover, the effects of cadmium on various digestive enzymes for proteins and the pepsin or pepsin-pancreatin digestion of the proteins were examined. As a result it is likely that the inhibitory effect of cadmium on the intestinal digestion of these proteins is one of the causes of the inhibitory effects of the proteins on the intestinal absorption of cadmium in rats. The undigested oligopeptides may decrease the amount of free cadmium available to be absorbed from the intestine by binding cadmium itself, resulting in decreased intestinal absorption of cadmium. PMID- 3918359 TI - [Quantification of the biological effect of photons and electrons. 2. Probability of tumor destruction]. AB - The study comprises two subjects: the probability of destruction of the irradiated tumor and the tumor immunogenicity and its changes in the course of radiotherapy. The distribution of Poisson was adopted in order to describe the tumor destruction. The probability of tumor destruction is analysed under consideration of the "critical cell number". The other part of the study deals with the immune system and its radiosensitivity. It is demonstrated that the patient's immune reaction can contribute to the tumor destruction if the irradiation planning is made in an adequate manner. Furthermore, different irradiation techniques are compared to one another. Pendulum therapy, especially with large fields, seems to be no superior method despite its geometric advantages. PMID- 3918360 TI - Solid-phase ABO grouping and Rh typing. AB - A solid-phase adherence method (SPAM) for ABO grouping and Rh typing of red cells (RBCs) has been developed. Adherence reactions were read spectrophotometrically and interpreted by a computer. The SPAM had a 99.6 percent correlation with conventional microplate agglutination methods for ABO grouping and Rh typing. The increased sensitivity of the SPAM was demonstrated because it directly detected Du-positive RBCs and weak subgroups of A and B. PMID- 3918361 TI - Test cells for use with anti-IgG sub-typing antisera in the antiglobulin test. AB - The preparation of test cells coated with specific IgG of known subclass is described. Such cells are required in the standardization of IgG subtyping reagents. At present, these test cells usually are prepared by coating cells with IgG myeloma paraproteins. However, these paraproteins may not be generally available and an alternative method is presented using more readily obtainable materials. Quantification of cell-bound IgG showed that the subclass did not affect the sensitivity of the antiglobulin test when using broad-spectrum anti IgG and that the test cells produced had an optimal IgG coating. Reactions with subclass-specific antisera were however, considerably weaker that those obtained with broad-spectrum anti-IgG. A modified spin-layering technique for use with subclass-specific antisera is described. PMID- 3918362 TI - The A1B genotype expressed as A2B on the red cells of individuals with strong B gene-specific transferases. Results from two paternity cases. AB - Two paternity cases involving black persons are reported in which possible paternal exclusions existed if the A2B red cell phenotype represented the genotype A2B. ABH transferase assays were performed to determine if the A2B phenotypes arose from the genotype A1B or A2B. These assays confirmed that all group A members carried the A1 gene and not the A2 gene. Therefore, the alleged father was not excluded in either case. The B transferase showed increased activity in both AB individuals, possibly accounting for the observed A2B red cell phenotypes. Therefore, in the presence of a B gene, accurate assignment of A subtypes using standard serological methods may not be possible. PMID- 3918363 TI - Long-term in vivo survival of Rh(D)-negative donor red cells in a patient with anti-LW. AB - The present study documents immediate and long-term survival of crossmatch incompatible Rh(D)-negative donor red cells in a patient with anti-LW. A 67-year old group A Rh(D)-positive man was admitted for urgent coronary artery bypass surgery. The direct antiglobulin test (DAT) was weakly positive in two of five laboratories. His serum contained anti-LW (two laboratories); his red cells were LW negative (three antisera). Two siblings were LW-positive. Surgery was delayed, and 3 ml Rh(D)-negative crossmatch-incompatible red cells stored in citrate phosphate-dextrose-adenine-one were labeled with 25 microCi of 51Cr and injected. Immediate survival was approximately 100 percent with 92 percent survival at 20 hours. Six daily blood samples showed a decreased red cell lifespan, (T 1/2 = 14 days). Because of medical complications, 4 units of Rh(D)-negative crossmatch incompatible blood were then transfused without clinical or hemolytic reaction. The anti-IgG DAT became stronger. In vivo survival of the remaining 51Cr-RBCs became normal (T 1/2 28 days over the succeeding 20 days). Following transfusion, no change in serum antibody strength was demonstrated by double-blind titration of seven coded samples. The observations support modest reduction of lifespan for 3 ml of LW-positive red cells, but normal survival following subsequent transfusion of approximately 700 ml of LW-positive red cells. PMID- 3918364 TI - Transfusion significance of anti-Cra. PMID- 3918365 TI - Successful operation on a haemophiliac with Factor VIII inhibitor treated by plasmapheresis and Factor VIII infusions. PMID- 3918366 TI - Anti-C as a sole autoantibody in autoimmune hemolytic anemia. PMID- 3918368 TI - Organ transplantation. Heart and lung. PMID- 3918367 TI - Influence of in vivo immunosuppressive drugs on production of lymphokines. AB - The influence in vivo of immunosuppressive drugs (cyclosporine, azathioprine, and corticosteroids) on the production of various lymphokines (alpha and gamma interferon, interleukin 2), both in organ transplant recipients and in normal volunteers taking 100 mg hydrocortisone orally has been studied. To avoid interference with the rejection process or viral infection, patients were studied in a steady state with low maintenance immunosuppression consisting of prednisolone combined with azathioprine or with cyclosporine. In patients treated with both drug regimens, significant depression of production of the three lymphokines was found. Normal volunteers challenged with 100 mg hydrocortisone showed inhibition of production of interleukin 2 and alpha and gamma interferon in 4 hr, a time corresponding to the nadir of T cell lymphopenia, affecting the OKT4 subset preferentially. The percentage of OKT8 cells remained unchanged. Percentages of large granular lymphocytes increased, but their absolute number was not significantly modified. Changes in lymphocyte markers were fully reversible after 24 hr, but interleukin 2 production remained markedly depressed, showing that the redistribution patterns induced by corticosteroids on lymphocyte subsets may be dissociated from functional consequences. PMID- 3918369 TI - Clinical effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue in metastatic carcinoma of prostate. AB - Leuprolide is a new, potent analogue of gonadotropin-releasing hormone which, after an initial transient stimulation, causes a profound suppression of serum gonadotropins and testosterone. One hundred eighteen patients with advanced carcinoma of the prostate have undergone treatment with leuprolide in a multi institutional trial. Minimal evidence of objective response was seen in patients who had failed prior endocrine therapy with orchiectomy or estrogens. In patients without previous hormonal treatment, leuprolide induced an objective disease response (72%) comparable to alternative primary endocrine therapy. Considering the lack of significant side effects seen with long-term GnRH agonists, compounds such as leuprolide may prove to be the preferred initial endocrine therapy for selected patients with metastatic carcinoma of the prostate. PMID- 3918370 TI - Clinical experience with carbon dioxide laser in renal surgery. AB - Our clinical experience in renal surgery utilizing the CO2 laser is presented. The inherent characteristics of precision and hemostasis of this modality were found to be useful in the performance of three anatrophic nephrolithotomies and three partial nephrectomies. Operative time ranged between 110 and 120 minutes, with an average estimated blood loss of 160 cc per case. Surgery on the kidney parenchyma with CO2 laser appears to be a safe and effective modality, reducing blood loss, shortening operative time, and preserving functional integrity on remaining renal tissue. PMID- 3918371 TI - Preoperative irradiation with and without chemotherapy as adjunct to radical cystectomy. AB - Between 1949 and 1974, 449 patients with bladder cancer were treated by radical cystectomy alone or after three planned preoperative radiation regimens in sequential studies at MSKCC. In these clinical studies integrated irradiation and surgery seems to have improved local disease control and survival rates, especially in deeply invasive bladder cancers. PMID- 3918372 TI - Case profile: ureterocele in vesical diverticulum. PMID- 3918373 TI - Radiotherapy of prostatic carcinoma: long- or short-term efficacy (Stanford University experience). AB - Results of a study that began at Stanford in 1956 demonstrate that long-term, disease-free survival can be achieved following appropriate irradiation in patients with prostatic carcinoma. However, the investigation has also uncovered several powerful prognostic indicators, such as the extent of anatomic involvement, histologic pattern, particularly as described by Gleason; and presence or absence of lymphnode metastases. To illustrate the importance of these parameters, the author presents data that correlate survival with the anatomic extent of the primary tumor and the Gleason pattern scores. Of the staged patients, 64 have been subjected to post-therapeutic biopsy of the prostate 18 months or more following therapy. A correlation also seems to exist among clinical stage, lymph node involvement, and subsequent biopsy status. The implication of this finding in the development of more aggressive therapeutic approaches will be discussed. PMID- 3918374 TI - Surgical management of Stage B or C prostatic carcinoma: radical surgery vs radiotherapy. AB - Radical prostatectomy provides an excellent degree of disease control for the longest period of time in patients with localized prostatic cancer. Although advocates of radiation therapy point to nearly identical survival curves for patients treated with either interstitial or external techniques, an analysis of disease-free survival suggests that radical prostatectomy yields the best long term "cure." Crude fifteen-year survival rates of 50 per cent may be achieved with radical prostatectomy, compared with 20 per cent to 25 per cent associated with radiation therapy. Additional experience with long-term survival data is necessary before a final conclusion can be drawn from comparison of the two treatment modalities. PMID- 3918375 TI - Prostatic biopsy after irradiation therapy for prostatic cancer. AB - To determine the prognostic significance of a routine needle biopsy of the prostate performed six to thirty-six months after the completion of definitive radiotherapy, biopsy results were analyzed in 146 patients who had no evidence of disease at the time of biopsy and who received no other therapy before proved recurrence of the tumor. Patients were followed up a mean of 3.9 years after radioactive gold seed implantation and external beam irradiation. The total dose was 8,000 rad. Among 146 patients, 56 (38%) had one or more positive biopsy results within this time interval. The positive biopsy rate correlated with the clinical stage ranging from 17 per cent in Stage B1N to 59 per cent in Stage C1. The risk of developing local recurrence or distant metastases at any given time after irradiation therapy was markedly greater in those patients with a positive biopsy result (p less than 0.0005). Prostatic biopsy is an accurate means of measuring the success of radiotherapy. A positive postirradiation biopsy result carries grave prognostic implications for the patient and indicates that the treatment has failed. PMID- 3918376 TI - Management of metastatic prostatic cancer. AB - Current management techniques for metastatic prostatic cancer have given rise to controversies regarding the optimal timing, form, and degree of androgen deprivation. Low-dose diethylstilbestrol (DES) or orchiectomy decrease serum testosterone levels while posing less cardiovascular risk than high-dose DES. LH RH analogues, such as leuprolide or buserelin, also inhibit testosterone production. Some studies suggest that some tumor cells may be relatively, rather than absolutely, androgen dependent. This has been the rationale for the combined use of a pure antiandrogen and an LH-RH agonist. Unfortunately, while this combination has been found effective in previously untreated patients, it has not been equally effective in those who have undergone prior therapy and demonstrated disease progression. PMID- 3918377 TI - Evaluation of synthetic agonist analogue of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (leuprolide) on testicular androgen production in patients with carcinoma of prostate. AB - Leuprolide (Lupron, TAP Pharmaceuticals), a potent agonist analogue of GnRH, has been shown to suppress testicular androgen production in animals. In order to determine the potential of leuprolide as an alternative to surgical castration in human males with prostatic cancer, this agent was administered to castrate and noncastrate males with carcinoma of the prostate. Baseline and treatment levels of LH, FSH, testosterone and dihydrotestosterone were determined serially. Leuprolide suppressed pituitary production of LH and FSH and, consequently, testicular production of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone. This agent simulates the results achieved with surgical castration. PMID- 3918378 TI - [The effect of age, weight and the breed of heifer on the concentration of thyroxine during insemination]. AB - We determined the thyroxine (T4) concentration in 63 heifers on 0th (day of insemination), 6th and 21st day after first and in repeat-breeder cows after second and third insemination in relation with the breed, age and weight of animals. The examination was carried out with a feed ration balanced according to the Czechoslovak State Standard CSN 46 7070, with all-the-year-round housing, with keeping the uniform time of insemination (8.00--9.00 a. m.) as well as the time of blood sampling (10.00--12.00 a. m.). The animals were inseminated from August to November. The average T4 concentrations, with a successful insemination, fluctuated on 0th day after first, second and third insemination at levels of 56.15 +/- 13.6; 84.6 +/- 10.66 and 89.75 +/- 13.62 nmol X l-1 of serum. As the results show, the lowest T4 concentrations (P less than 0.001; P less than 0.001) on 0th day were recorded in animals becoming pregnant in first insemination. The comparison with non-pregnant animals did not show any statistically significant difference in T4 concentrations. On 0th day of the second insemination, the T4 concentrations in pregnant animals were higher (P less than 0.01) as compared with non-pregnant. On 6th and 21st day after successful first insemination the T4 content increased significantly (P less than 0.001). After second and third successful insemination we recorded in T4 concentrations a moderate decrease on 6th day (P less than 0.01 for third insemination), with insignificant increase on 21st day.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3918379 TI - [Biometric parameters of ovaries in the Tsigai strain of sheep and their changes after administration of cloprostenol]. AB - The weight, length, width and volume of ovaries were determined as well as the number of follicles visible on the surface in relation to the presence of corpus luteum on the ovary in autumn period after Cloprostenol application. The ovaries of 43 sheep of the Tsigai breed were examined at the age of 2--4 years. The animals were divided into five groups. First group (I) was the control (n = 6). In the luteal phase of sexual cycle the animals of groups II to V were applied i. m. 125 micrograms of cloprostenol in Oestrophan inf. Spofa preparation. According to groups II (n = 8), III (n = 10), IV (n = 9), V (n = 10) the animals were killed at intervals of 24, 48, 72 and 120 hours (h) from the preparation application. The removed ovaries were fixed in 10% neutral formalin; after a 48 hour fixation they were weighed and their length and width were measured. Tertiary follicles visible on the surface were counted and measured. In group I we demonstrated the significantly higher weight of ovaries with corpus luteum (CL) as compared with ovaries without CL (P less than 0.001). The weight of ovaries with CL dropped significantly within 48 hours after cloprostenol application as compared with control (P less than 0.001) and the difference in the ovary weight according to CL incidence disappeared almost completely. In comparison with groups III and IV, the weight of ovaries in ewes of group V increased statistically significantly (P less than 0.01) on 5th day from the cloprostenol application. This finding is a result of development of new CL after a passed ovulation. The alterations in length, width and volume of ovaries were not so significant as those in weight. The number of surface follicles was very variable and the changes were not significant. The changes in the average size of follicles larger than 1 mm and of the largest follicles have shown that both parameters achieved significantly higher values in ovaries of the control group with present CL in comparison with ovaries without CL. The reduction of surface follicles after cloprostenol application seems to be connected with a possible operation on contractile structures of the external theca folliculi. PMID- 3918380 TI - [Lysozyme in the colostrum and blood of calves and dairy cows]. AB - During examination of lysozyme concentration we have found out that 90.3% of calf sera had the lysozyme concentration to 0.5 microgram . ml-1, 5.7% of sera showed zero values and only 4.0% of sera values from 0.5 to 1.4 microgram . ml-1. A higher lysozyme content was recorded in sera of calves up to the age of ten days in comparison with sera of calves after the second week post natum. The lysozyme concentration showed in calves a two-phase increase in the age dynamics up to the seventh to eighth week of life with a peak in second and fifth to eighth week of age. The increase rate in the first phase and the time onset of increase in the second phase were in negative, and/or positive relation to the level of immunity obtained through colostrum. The lysozyme concentration in serum of dairy cows was on fourth day post partum as much as ten times higher than in serum of their progenies 48 hours after parturition. In first colostrum the lysozyme concentration fluctuated within the range of 0.15 to 0.65 microgram X ml-1, with an average of 0.30 microgram X ml-1. The concentration of lysozyme and immunoglobulins of the IgG and IgM class in colostrum showed a contrary trend in first and second milk yield, with a tendency towards increase for lysozyme and towards decrease for immunoglobulins. PMID- 3918381 TI - [Development of sarcocystosis in experimentally infected calves]. AB - In seven calves we studied experimental invasions by sporocysts of the Sarcocystis cruzi (S. bovicanis) species, isolated from faeces of dingo dogs. Out of clinical changes, an increase in body temperature to 39.6 to 40.5 degrees C is characteristic in the fourth to the eighth week of disease, relaxed attitude of animals, progressive thinning down, anaemia of mucous membranes, diarrhoea and total dehydration. The post-mortem examination completes this observation with generalized hyperplasia of lymphatic nodes to haemorrhagic lymphadenitis and small petechial haematomata on serous coats, particularly on epicardium. Schizonts in the endothelium of capillaries in various organs were evaluated as specific lesions, demonstrated within 26 days from invasion in one calf. From 46 days after invasion we found muscular cysts in three other calves. The titres of sera in all experimental calves obtained with the NFR method are also evaluated as specific. Invaded calves died gradually between the 26th and 59th day, control calves were slaughtered and no sarcocysts were found. PMID- 3918382 TI - [Changes in neurosecretory activity in the hypothalamus of sheep after administration of PMSG]. AB - By means of histological methods of histochemical nature we examined the qualitative alterations in neurosecretory cells of anterior (nucl. paraventricularis - NPV. nucl. preopticus medialis - NPM), medial (nucl. arcuatus s. infundibularis - NARC), and posterior (nucl. tuberomamillaris - NTM) hypothalamus of sheep with a simultaneous caryometric analysis of neurons of the same nuclei after administration of various PMSG doses. The examination was performed on the brain samples of 23 two- to three-year-old sheep, of the Slovak Merino breed, at the live weight of 30 to 40 kg. in the period of physiological anoestrus (June-July). The animals were divided into three experimental groups and were instilled agellin sponges (20 mg). On the 13th day the sponges were removed and the first group was applied 1000 i. u. PMSG, the second group 750 i. u. PMSG. The sheep were killed within 30 to 36 hours after the oestrus determination with a teaser ram. After bleeding of animals the brains were perfused with 2% buffered paraformaldehyde and after taking out the brains from the crania their fixation was finished in buffered picroformol. Paraffin slices were stained with haematoxylin-eosine and crotonaldehyde-fuchsin to neurosecretions. Caryometric analysis was carried out with a 1000 fold magnifying and with a measuring of 200 cells from one sample. We recorded the neurosecretion increase in all hypothalamic nuclei under study. The caryometric analysis has shown a moderate shift to the right, it means the volume increase of nuclei of neurosecretory cells, which demonstrates a stimulation of the function of hypothalamic structures. PMID- 3918383 TI - [Antagonistic effects of naloxone in analgesia and neuroleptanalgesia in the dog]. AB - Antagonistic effect of naloxone was tested in two kinds of total anesthesia. In one group the preparation was tested in ten experimental dogs with neuroleptanalgesia induced by the simultaneous intramuscular application of chlorpromazine (3 mg/kg) and piritramide (4 mg/kg). After 60 minutes naloxone was applied i. m. at a dose of 0.2-0.4 mg pro toto to reverse the anesthetic effect. In another group of 15 dogs - clinical patients - the effect of naloxone was evaluated in analgesia induced by i. m. application of piritramide at a dose of 3 mg per kg with atropine premedication (0.05 mg per kg). After a surgical operation, lasting in particular cases 20-45 minutes, the same dose of naloxone was applied i. m. as in the first group to reverse the anesthetic effect. In both groups of animals naloxone application caused a reverse of the anesthetic effect of piritramide and in the first group a statistically significant reverse of the inhibition of breathing and heart action. PMID- 3918384 TI - Ultrastructure of pigment in adrenocortical pigmented adenomas of Cushing's syndrome and in non-functioning pigmented nodules with respect to tissue steroid analyses. AB - Ultrastructural and morphometrical analysis of brown pigment in pigmented (black) and non-pigmented adrenocortical adenomas of Cushing's syndrome and non functioning pigmented adrenocortical nodules was performed in reference to tissue concentrations and in vitro production of steroids by the adenoma tissue. Pigment in pigmented adenomas was of membrane-bound lysosomal nature, while that of pigmented nodules contained membrane-unbound droplets of lipoid character. The morphometrical study showed little difference among individual adenomas. There was no difference between pigmented and non-pigmented adenomas in the amount of production and tissue concentrations of steroids. The steroid concentrations in a pigmented nodule were lower than those in an adenoma of Cushing's syndrome, but not significantly. Discussion is focused on the difference of pigment of lysosomal nature and of lipoid peroxidation. PMID- 3918387 TI - Histopathology of the bone marrow in toxic myelopathy. A study of drug induced lesions in 57 patients. AB - Following the introduction of numerous highly effective drugs in recent decades, haematologists are confronted with a panmyelopathy or "toxic myelopathy" originating from the exhibition of certain therapeutic regimens. Among 16,711 trephines referred to us in the last 5 1/2 years, 57 cases or 0.34 percent were found to have clear evidence of lesions caused by the ingestion of potentially toxic agents. The evaluation of the histopathology shows two groups of alterations which concern the haematopoietic parenchyma as well as the mesenchyme of the bone marrow. Different degrees of cellularity ranging from aplasia to regenerative hyperplasia and a pronounced mesenchymal reaction with proteinaceous oedema, perivascular plasmacytosis and frequent necrobiosis of neutrophilic granulocytes or cellular debris are the most conspicuous features. However, the histopathology of the bone marrow described gives no indication of the specific drug responsible and no specific suggestion of any group of drugs. Generally the histopathology allows the recognition of lesions which are induced by the toxicity of these agents. Therefore a bone marrow biopsy should be included in the diagnostic procedures whenever a toxic lesion is suspected of causing haematological disorders, particularly in all cases of uncertain pancytopenia. PMID- 3918385 TI - Aortic intimal monocyte recruitment in the normo and hypercholesterolemic baboon (Papio cynocephalus). An ultrastructural study: implications in atherogenesis. AB - The ultrastructural features of peripheral blood monocyte margination, migration, and aortic intimal accumulation have been described in the normo- and mildly hypercholesterolemic baboon. Intimal monocyte-macrophage recruitment over fatty streaks and fibro-fatty plaques was enhanced by dietary cholesterol-fat supplementation, resulting in an 8-fold increase in monocyte-macrophages and macrophage-derived foam cells in the subendothelial space. Margination or attachment observed over both plaques and normal areas was not associated with morphologic evidence of endothelial injury. Migration through continuous aortic endothelium was principally between endothelial cells via junctions. Transitional sequences from the typical morphology of the blood monocyte to the lipid containing macrophage or foam cell were discerned. The intimal accumulation of monocytes and macrophages reinforces our view of atherosclerosis as an inflammatory process, in which monocyte attachment is likely to reflect changes in the endothelial surface-membrane complex and surface charge, while migration to and accumulation in the SES may result from one or more chemoattractants originating in the intima or media. PMID- 3918386 TI - Nuclear polymorphism in osteosarcomas as a prognostic factor for the effect of chemotherapy. A quantitative study. AB - A current strategy for osteosarcoma treatment is neo-adjuvant chemotherapy prior to the resection of the tumour. It appears that some tumours respond very well to the cytostatic therapy, while others show little or no effect. It is desirable to be able predict the response of the tumour before starting chemotherapy. 16 biopsy specimens from patients with osteosarcoma who had been treated according to the protocol of the study COSS-80 and COSS-82 were examined. 100 tumour cells from each biopsy have been measured by an electronic interactive image analysis system (IBAS II; Kontron/ZEISS). After completion of chemotherapy en bloc resection of the tumour was performed. The entire surgical specimen was completely examined at two levels by means of undecalcified sections, and assigned a grade for the effect of chemotherapy analogous to the grading of Salzer-Kuntschik et al. (1983). The quantitative analysis of tumour cell nuclei revealed two different patterns of nuclear sizes, which were correlated significantly with the chemotherapy response (P less than 0.002). Tumour cell nuclei of well responders were significantly larger and showed a greater variance in size (mean value 66 + 41 micron 2), than those of poor responders (mean value 38 + 18 micron 2). We conclude from our results that quantitative analysis and classification of nuclear size of osteosarcoma cells may be useful for predicting chemotherapy response in patients with osteosarcoma. PMID- 3918388 TI - Qualitative and quantitative ultrastructural alterations in hepatocytes of rats prenatally exposed to ethanol with special reference to mitochondria, golgi apparatus and peroxisomes. AB - To assess the effect of ethanol on the liver of the offspring of alcohol-fed rats, the hepatocytes of newborn rats whose mothers were fed: a) a liquid diet containing alcohol, b) the same diet isocalorically balanced, or c) a chow diet, were analyzed using both quantitative and qualitative electron microscopy as well as cytophotometric and biochemical methods. Hepatocytes of chow-fed and pair-fed controls showed differences in the amounts of glycogen and lipids as well as in several stereologically measured variables including mitochondria, Golgi apparatus and smooth endoplasmic reticulum. These differences are probably due to the composition of the diet. Rats prenatally exposed to alcohol showed increases in the hepatocyte and mitochondria volumes and in the number of peroxisomes. Moreover, the Golgi apparatus of these cells appeared disorganized and composed exclusively of small size vesicles, suggesting an impairment of their function. PMID- 3918389 TI - Atypical lipomatous hamartoma of the lung. AB - An unusual lipomatous tumour discovered accidentally in the right middle lobe of a 34-year old woman is described. The tumour was associated with an intrapulmonary typical chondromatous hamartoma in the same lobe but separate from the first lesion. The lipomatous tumour was primarily an intrapulmonary lipoma but in a few of the numerous sections made minute islands of cartilage and bone were discovered along with a few epithelial-lined clefts. These justify the diagnosis of a lipomatous hamartoma. Dispersed among the mature fat cells were a few immature cells with atypical nuclei. Cellular atypia in predominantly lipomatous hamartomas has not previously been reported. As the occurrence of atypical lipoblast-like cells might lead to an erroneous diagnosis of liposarcoma, this case is thought worthy of reporting. PMID- 3918390 TI - The ultrastructural immunohistochemistry of oncofoetal antigens in large bowel carcinomas. AB - Seven large bowel carcinomas were examined by light and electron microscopy for the presence of five oncofoetal antigens. Ultrastructural investigations involved a novel method whereby thick sections of gluteraldehyde-fixed material were cut on a vibratome and then labelled using slight modifications of a standard unlabelled antibody-enzyme (PAP) technique, before further processing. Ultrastructural preservation, staining properties and the retention of antigen activity was seemingly better than that achieved by other investigators. Specific, positive labelling for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), colon specific antigen (CSA) and pregnancy-specific beta-1-glycoprotein (SP1) was seen in every case. Clear positive labelling for placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) was seen in two cases. Extracellular labelling was found in areas of cell debris, free lying or in phagocytic cells and on tumour cell brush borders. The pattern of intracellular labelling, however, was different for each antigen and reflected the probable sites of synthesis and release from the cells. Thus CEA, a complex glycoprotein, was localised within the golgi apparatus, small apical cytoplasmic vesicles and mucous droplets in relatively well differentiated tumour cells. CSA, a chemically related glycoprotein, had a similar, but less dense distribution. SP1, by contrast, was localised within basally-located vesicles associated with the ribosomal endoplasmic reticulum and appeared to be released and persist as debris or taken up by phagocytic cells below the basal lamina. PLAP and HCG, both proteins, were found within simple single membrane-bound vesicles within relatively undifferentiated cells. PMID- 3918391 TI - Histomorphometry of spherical tumors using holoptical cross-sections. AB - A new morphometric method for quantifying tumour regression on holoptical cross sections is described which permits assessment of the extent and distribution of viable tumour tissue and necrosis in spherical tumours. The value of the method is demonstrated by comparing tumour regression in the liver metastases of a colorectal adenocarcinoma before and after regional chemotherapy. The practicability of the method for clinicopathological therapeutic studies is emphasized. PMID- 3918392 TI - [Biometric analysis of the effect of prednisone on biochemical indicators in non A, non-B hepatitis]. PMID- 3918393 TI - Evidence for sialylated type 1 blood group chains on human erythrocyte membranes revealed by agglutination of neuraminidase-treated erythrocytes with Waldenstrom's macroglobulin IgMWOO and hybridoma antibody FC 10.2. AB - Haemagglutination studies have been performed with untreated and neuraminidase treated human erythrocytes of the three Lewis antigen types Le(a-b-), Le(a+b-) and Le(a-b+) using two monoclonal antibodies, IgMWOO and FC 10.2, which were previously shown to recognize the type 1 based blood group chains: Gal beta 1--- 3GlcNAc beta 1----3Gal beta 1----4Glc/GlcNAc (for explanation of abbreviations see table IV legend). Both antibodies behaved as cold agglutinins with neuraminidase-treated but not with untreated erythrocytes of the three Lewis antigen types. Neuraminidase-treated erythrocytes of i antigen type were similarly agglutinated. This haemagglutination was specifically inhibited by the type 1 based milk oligosaccharide lacto-N-tetraose. Thus, there is strong evidence for the occurrence of sialylated type 1 chains on human erythrocyte membranes of I and i antigen types. In addition, evidence for the presence of type 1 chains which are both sialylated and fucosylated was obtained by (1) haemagglutination of Le(a+b-) erythrocytes with the monoclonal antibody 19.9; (2) increased haemagglutination of neuraminidase-treated erythrocytes with anti-H antibodies of Bombay serum; (3) increased haemagglutination of neuraminidase treated Le(a+b-) cells with anti-Lea antibodies, and (4) the appearance of Lea antigen activity on neuraminidase-treated erythrocytes of Le(a-b+) type. PMID- 3918394 TI - Influence of heparin and calcium chloride on assay, stability, and recovery of factor VIII. AB - The influence of heparin alone or in conjunction with calcium chloride on the coagulation assay for factor VIII, on the stability of factor VIII in blood and in plasma, and on the recovery of factor VIII in cryoprecipitate and in an intermediate purity concentrate was investigated. A stabilizing effect of heparin and calcium on factor VIII activity in blood and plasma could be confirmed. We were, however, unable to make use of the higher activity that can, under certain circumstances, be recovered in the cryoprecipitates; this was mainly due to the poor solubility of cryoprecipitates prepared from heparinized blood. Heparin (or the absence of a calcium chelator) also interferes with the recovery of plasma components other than factor VIII. PMID- 3918395 TI - Aspiration biopsy cytology of malignant schwannoma metastatic to the lung. AB - The aspiration biopsy cytologic features of a malignant schwannoma metastatic to the lung in a 39-year-old black female with von Recklinghausen's disease are reported. Cytologic features of malignant sarcomas having a spindle-cell pattern are described along with a discussion of the cytologic differential diagnosis. This is believed to be the first reported case of a malignant schwannoma involving the lung diagnosed by aspiration cytology and demonstrates the usefulness of the technique in evaluating patients with metastatic sarcomas. PMID- 3918396 TI - Effect of insulin on porcine granulosa cells: implications of a possible receptor mediated action. AB - The mechanism of direct action of insulin on porcine granulosa cells cultured in vitro was investigated. Specific receptors for insulin with two classes of binding sites were present. No significant difference in receptor characteristics was observed between granulosa cells obtained from small (1-2 mm), medium (3-5 mm) or large (6-11 mm) follicles. Insulin (25 mIU/ml) augmented both basal and hCG-stimulated progesterone secretion. Insulin was also essential for hCG stimulated morphological luteinization of cultured porcine granulosa cells obtained from small follicles. Furthermore, 2 h pre-incubation with insulin (100 mIU/ml) increased glucose incorporation by cultured porcine granulosa cells as determined by pulsing with D-[14C](U)-glucose. The same dose of insulin also stimulated the glucose-6-phosphate independent form of glycogen synthase. These results suggest that porcine granulosa cells possess insulin receptors and that insulin, mediated by its specific receptors, enhances glucose metabolism by stimulating glycogen synthase. Thus, insulin may play a pivotal role in morphological and functional differentiation of porcine granulosa cells. PMID- 3918397 TI - Plasma growth hormone (GH) responses to single and repetitive subcutaneous administration of GH releasing factor (hpGRF-44) in normal and GH deficient children. AB - Synthetic human pancreatic GRF (hpGRF-44) was administered sc to 8 normal children with short stature and 11 patients with GH deficiency. After a dose of 100-200 micrograms hpGRF-44, mean plasma GH levels reached a peak at 15 min of 27.2 +/- 6.4 (+/- SE) ng/ml in normal children. However the responses were variable and peak plasma GH varied from 10.1 to 56.5 ng/ml. Eight of 11 patients with idiopathic GH deficiency did not respond to sc administration of 100-300 micrograms hpGRF-44. However, a plasma GH increase of more than 5 ng/ml occurred in 2 patients and to twice the basal level in 1 patient. Their GH values were 14.3, 5.2 and 3.4 ng/ml, respectively. After repetitive administration of hpGRF 44 (200 micrograms, twice a day) sc for 5 consecutive days, 2 of 8 patients restored their responsiveness, but the remaining patients did not show GH rise in response to both sc and iv bolus administration of hpGRF-44. Repetitive hpGRF-44 administrations for 5 days had no effect on somatomedin-C production. PMID- 3918398 TI - Bombesin inhibits thyrotrophin secretion in rats. AB - The effects of peripheral administration of bombesin on thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) and thyrotrophin (TSH) secretion in rats were studied. Bombesin (200 micrograms/kg) was injected iv, and the rats were serially decapitated. TRH, TSH and thyroid hormone were measured by radioimmunoassay. The hypothalamic immunoreactive TRH (ir-TRH) content increased significantly after bombesin injection, whereas plasma concentrations tended to decrease, but not significantly. Plasma TSH levels decreased significantly in a dose-related manner with a nadir at 40 min after the injection. Plasma thyroid hormone levels did not change significantly. Plasma ir-TRH and TSH responses to cold were inhibited by bombesin, but the plasma TSH response to TRH was not affected. In the pimozide- or para-chlorophenylalanine pre-treated group, the inhibitory effect of bombesin on TSH levels was prevented, but not in the L-Dopa- or 5-hydroxytryptophan pre treated group. These drugs alone had no effect on plasma TSH levels in terms of the dose used. The inactivation of TRH immunoreactivity in plasma or hypothalamus in vitro after bombesin injection did not differ from that of the controls. These findings suggest that bombesin acts on the hypothalamus to inhibit TRH release, and that its effects are at least partially modified by amines of the central nervous system. PMID- 3918399 TI - Reversal of insulin resistance in adipose tissue of non-insulin-dependent diabetics by treatment with diet and sulphonylurea. AB - The effect of conventional treatment on insulin action in subcutaneous adipose tissue was studied in 6 patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Insulin receptor binding and the effect of the hormone on glucose oxidation were determined before and after 6-14 months of treatment with diet plus sulphonylurea. Glycaemic control and in vivo insulin sensitivity were significantly improved by the treatment. Before treatment, the adipocyte insulin receptor binding and the sensitivity to insulin stimulation of adipose tissue glucose oxidation were normal and did not change after treatment. In contrast, the maximum insulin-induced glucose oxidation was markedly decreased before treatment, whereas it was totally normalized after treatment. The conclusion is that insulin resistance in adipose tissue of NIDDM subjects is solely due to post receptor defects in insulin action. This resistance is completely off-set by conventional treatment with diet plus sulphonylurea. PMID- 3918400 TI - Differential effects of extracellular matrix on secretion of prolactin and growth hormone by rat pituitary tumour cells in vitro. AB - Two types of rat pituitary tumour cells secreting both prolactin (Prl) and growth hormone (GH) were cultured in vitro either on plastic dishes or on surfaces coated with an extracellular matrix (ECM) derived from bovine corneal endothelium. The presence of ECM caused an increase in Prl but a decrease in GH. On one cell line the Prl response to thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH) was increased by ECM. There was an increase in the rate of spread of the cultures, an increase in cell protein, and DNA synthesis and a change in cell morphology when ECM was used. It is suggested that these observations can be explained by a sensitizing action of ECM to growth factors present in serum. PMID- 3918401 TI - Effects of oestradiol and prolactin on progesterone production by rhesus monkey luteal cells in vitro. AB - The effects of oestradiol and prolactin (Prl) on progesterone production by dispersed monkey luteal cells were examined. Corpora lutea were recovered from monkeys 5-7 days following ovulation induction during the puerperium. The tissue was dispersed by collagenase and mechanical disruption. The resulting cells were incubated in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium, containing the hormones to be tested, for 3 h at 37 degrees C. The medium was removed and assayed for progesterone by RIA. Human luteinizing hormone (hLH) produced a significant, dose related increase in progesterone secretion that was comparable to that produced by dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate. Human follicle stimulating hormone (hFSH) had no effect upon progesterone production by the luteal cells. Oestradiol (100-10 000 pg/ml) produced a significant, dose-related decrease in both basal and hLH-stimulated progesterone production. Ovine Prl (oPrl) had neither a stimulatory nor an inhibitory effect upon basal progesterone secretion at doses up to 1000 ng/ml. Further, oPrl did not affect hLH-stimulated progesterone production. We conclude that oestradiol is a potent inhibitor of luteal progesterone secretion in vitro and that Prl does not inhibit progesterone production in the primate corpus luteum under these experimental conditions. PMID- 3918402 TI - Distribution of parasympathetic motoneurones in the oculomotor complex innervating the ciliary ganglion in the marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). AB - Parasympathetic motoneurones in the oculomotor complex which innervate the ciliary ganglion were identified using the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) retrograde axonal tracer technique. The ciliary ganglion was located behind the eye by a lateral orbital approach and injected with HRP pellets mounted on the tips of microelectrodes. Most of the labelled cells were distributed throughout the whole Edinger-Westphal nucleus (EW). Outside the EW, only a small number of labelled cells were found, and most of these were located in the median zone ventral to the EW. There was no evidence of a division of the EW into rostral and posterior subnuclei, nor for separate cell populations in the EW and the anterior median nucleus (AM), respectively. At rostral levels labelled cells were confined to the EW with no overlap into the AM. In contrast to most previous studies no labelled cells were found in the AM. The possible physiological functions of the EW and the ventral components of the EW are discussed. PMID- 3918403 TI - A case of solute diuresis erroneously diagnosed as lithium-induced polyuria. PMID- 3918404 TI - Acoustic neuromas: evaluation by magnetic resonance imaging. AB - Proton magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations were performed in six patients with seven acoustic neuromas, and the results were compared with conventional tomography of the internal auditory canals, contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT), and air CT cisternography. All tumors were identified with MRI. The three largest tumors (greater than 1 cm diameter) looked similar to the tumors seen on CT scans, although the extent of the tumor was better seen with MRI in two cases. The four small (less than or equal to 1 cm diameter) cerebellopontine angle and intracanalicular tumors were well seen with MRI, with appearances corresponding to those seen with air CT cisternography. No side effects were encountered with the MRI examinations. MRI is an accurate, noninvasive alternative to contrast-enhanced CT and air CT cisternography in the diagnosis of acoustic neuromas. PMID- 3918405 TI - New CT finding in aggressive meningioma. PMID- 3918406 TI - Vertebral arteriovenous fistula: an unusual complication of Swan-Ganz catheter insertion. PMID- 3918407 TI - Internal carotid artery occlusion by DSA: "diagnostic trap" relearned. PMID- 3918408 TI - Early CT detection of intracranial seeding from medulloblastoma. AB - Since 1975, intracranial subarachnoid metastases of medulloblastoma have been detected in seven of 23 initial contrast-enhanced computed tomographic (CT) scans in children with proven medulloblastoma. Furthermore, four of the seven cases with subarachnoid seeding were diagnosed after the introduction of high resolution contrast-enhanced CT. Only three cases of seeding had been detected in the previous 17 low-resolution cases studied with CT. Thus, it is quite likely that the incidence of subarachnoid metastases may be substantially more than the overall figure of 30% indicated by this series. This may have an impact on the treatment of these patients, since the frequent appearance of metastases may indicate the need for more vigorous chemotherapeutic regimens. One should be aware of the possibility of early intracranial subarachnoid seeding and that it can be demonstrated by contrast-enhanced CT. This is particularly true when using high-resolution scanners in conjunction with 5 mm sections through the posterior fossa. PMID- 3918409 TI - Arteriovenous fistula after hair transplantation. PMID- 3918410 TI - Intracerebral hemorrhagic dissemination of acute myelocytic leukemia. PMID- 3918411 TI - Sonography of a hemorrhagic cerebral contusion. PMID- 3918413 TI - Sonography and neurodiagnosis (neurosonography). AB - Sonography is a necessary part of neuroradiology. Its relative importance will increase as the sonographic images improve and the funds provided for diagnostic imaging decrease. We urge the incorporation of neurosonographic training into our neuroradiology fellowship programs and more widespread use of sonography in neurodiagnosis. PMID- 3918412 TI - Intradural disk herniation with CT appearance of gas collection. PMID- 3918414 TI - Aging brain and skull. PMID- 3918415 TI - Detection of intracranial bleeding by 99mTc sulfur colloid scintigraphy. PMID- 3918416 TI - Experimental production of superior sagittal sinus thrombosis in the dog. AB - Prior efforts at experimental production of superior sagittal sinus (SSS) thrombosis generally have been unsuccessful. An experimental method was devised of inducing SSS thrombosis in the dog by use of double-lumen balloon catheters. Two balloon catheters, introduced into each internal jugular vein, are finally positioned at the torcular Herophili. The resulting stasis in the SSS, initiated by the inflated balloons, is augmented by injecting thrombin into the SSS. The stasis and the intraluminal thrombin cause thrombosis, which can be visualized on computed tomography (CT). This method may be used to study the natural history of SSS thrombosis as well as establish its CT and magnetic resonance imaging characteristics. PMID- 3918417 TI - Unruptured intracranial arteriovenous malformations do cause mass effect. AB - Sixty patients with clinically unruptured intracranial arteriovenous malformations were studied with high-resolution computed tomography. In 33, local and distant mass effects were evidenced by compression, distortion, and displacement of normal anatomic structures by the malformation, its afferent and efferent vessels, and the surrounding edema. PMID- 3918418 TI - External carotid-vertebral artery anastomosis for vertebrobasilar insufficiency. AB - Surgical treatment of vertebrobasilar insufficiency has long lagged behind that of carotid disease. However, as more aggressive microsurgical techniques have been developed, surgical intervention in vertebrobasilar occlusive disease is seen with increasing frequency. The authors describe three cases of external carotid vertebral artery anastomosis, a rarely reported operative procedure, in which blood flow was successfully restored to the diseased vertebral artery. Awareness of this new technique will be useful to the radiologist servicing an active neurosurgery practice. The clinical, radiologic, and pathologic manifestations of vertebrobasilar insufficiency are also briefly reviewed. PMID- 3918419 TI - Transsphenoidal canal (large craniopharyngeal canal) and its pathologic implications. AB - A vertical conduit in the basisphenoid extending from the floor of the sella to the undersurface of this bone was observed in two children. There was no associated nasopharyngeal mass. A review of the literature on this defect and related subjects suggests a close relation between this lesion and transsphenoidal meningoencephalocele. PMID- 3918420 TI - Evaluation of the infant spine by direct sagittal computed tomography. AB - Direct sagittal computed tomography (CT) and metrizamide myelography, in addition to standard axial CT, have proven most useful in evaluation of complex anomalies of the infant spine. Direct sagittal CT was performed by placing the entire infant sideways and supine within the gantry after metrizamide was injected. This technique was performed in six infants with diagnoses of lipoma with dysraphism, lipomyelomeningocele, lipomyelocystocele, lumbosacral agenesis with cord regression, capillary hemangioma, and vertebral osteomyelitis. The technique showed the relation and/or extension of lesions in the dorsal ventral plane, particularly the presence or absence of subarachnoid, enteric, or genitourinary communication. Spinal and paraspinal anatomic detail was also demonstrated beautifully. PMID- 3918421 TI - Otosclerosis: comparison of complex-motion tomography and computed tomography. AB - A prospective computed tomographic and complex-motion tomographic evaluation was performed in 18 suspected or proven cases of otosclerosis. Although there was good agreement between both methods, there was no greater diagnostic accuracy with computed tomography. However, computed tomography demonstrated the changes better than complex-motion tomography. PMID- 3918423 TI - Transovale trigeminal cistern puncture: modified fluoroscopically guided technique. AB - A simple, safe, and rapid radiologic technique is described for trigeminal puncture via the foramen ovale. A radiopaque marker is placed 3 cm lateral to the labial commissure. Then, under fluoroscopic guidance, the patient's head is turned until the marker is projected vertically, over the foramen ovale. The needle can be advanced along the anatomically safe line determined by the foramen ovale and the lateral labial puncture site. Needle or patient misalignment is detected readily and can be corrected using fluoroscopic guidance. The technique is learned easily, obviates multiple needle passes, and takes less than 5 min. PMID- 3918422 TI - Calibrated-leak balloon: accurate placement of the leak. PMID- 3918424 TI - Spinal cord tumor imaging with CT and sonography. PMID- 3918425 TI - Rotational vertebral artery occlusion at C1-C2. PMID- 3918427 TI - Transdermal nitroglycerin disc efficacy data: two years too late. PMID- 3918426 TI - Intracoronary thrombolytic therapy in acute myocardial infarction: a prospective, randomized, controlled trial. AB - A prospective, randomized trial was designed to assess the efficacy of intracoronary thrombolytic therapy with streptokinase (STK) in acute myocardial infarction. Sixty-four patients with acute myocardial infarction were randomized within 6 hours of onset of symptoms to 1 of 3 groups. Sixteen patients were treated by conventional means (control group). Nineteen patients underwent coronary arteriography and received corticosteroids and intracoronary and intravenous nitroglycerin (NTG group). Twenty-nine patients received management identical to that of the NTG group, with the addition of intracoronary STK therapy (STK group). Recanalization was demonstrated in 21 of 29 patients (72%) in the STK group. Global and regional ejection fraction (EF) was determined by radionuclide ventriculography before any intervention and 7 to 10 days later. No significant improvement in global EF was achieved in the control and NTG groups. In STK patients as a group, global EF did not increase significantly; however, in patients recanalized with STK, EF improved from 42 +/- 17% to 49 +/- 16% (p = 0.023). All groups showed wide variability of response. Improvement in global EF of more than 5% was noted in 44% of patients recanalized with STK. When subgrouped on the basis of initial global EF of 45% or less or more than 45%, only patients recanalized with STK with an initial EF of 45% or less had an improved global EF (from 30 +/- 10% to 42 +/- 10%, p = 0.015).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3918428 TI - Prevention of diminished activity of glyceryl trinitrate by use of an aerosol. PMID- 3918429 TI - Use of plasma somatomedin-C/insulin-like growth factor I measurements to monitor the response to nutritional repletion in malnourished patients. AB - Changes in plasma somatomedia-C/insulin-like growth factor I (Sm-C/IGF-I) concentrations are a sensitive indicator of the anabolic response of normal human volunteers to alterations in nutritional intake. To determine if measurement of this peptide could be used to monitor the response to nutritional repletion in malnourished patients, six patients were studied while receiving nutritional support for periods of 10-16 days. Plasma Sm-C/IGF-I increased from a mean basal level of 0.67 +/- 0.15 U/ml (+/-1 SD) to a peak of 1.80 +/- 0.44 U/ml on day 10, then declined to a concentration of 1.28 +/- 0.49 U/ml by day 16. All patients entered positive nitrogen balance by day 2 and nitrogen accretion continued throughout the study. Changes in serum concentrations of prealbumin, transferrin, and retinol-binding protein were compared to changes in Sm-C/IGF-I during nutritional support. Prealbumin increased to a posttreatment mean of 121 +/- 23% of control by the end of the study (p greater than 0.05, NS). Likewise, there was minimal change in retinol-binding protein, a peak value of 118 +/- 21% of control being reached by day 12 of treatment (p greater than 0.05, NS). Transferrin also showed minimal change, increasing to a mean value of 110% +/- 13% of control by day 12 (p greater than 0.05, NS). Measurement of plasma Sm-C/IGF-I concentrations appears to be a much more sensitive index of acute directional changes in nutritional status than other plasma proteins commonly used to monitor nutritional responses. The increase of Sm-C/IGF-I correlated temporally with entry into positive nitrogen balance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3918431 TI - Effective in vivo hydrolysis of milk lactose by beta-galactosidases in the presence of solid foods. AB - The feasibility of enzyme replacement therapy with exogenous, food-grade, microbial enzymes at mealtime to effect intragastrointestinal hydrolysis of the lactose from 360 ml of cow's milk consumed with a solid food meal (breakfast cereals) was investigated in adult Guatemalan lactose-malabsorbers using a hydrogen breath-analysis procedure to quantify the completeness of postprandial carbohydrate absorption. Adding 2 g of a commercial preparation of beta galactosidase from Kluyveromyces lactis at mealtime to milk taken with a refined cereal (cornflakes) and an unrefined cereal (bran) reduced the production of excess breath H2 attributable to lactose maldigestion to a level not significantly different from that achieved with lactose-prehydrolyzed milk. Sucrase, as expected, had no effect on H2 production. A beta-galactosidase from Aspergillus niger was less effective that the K. lactis enzyme for in vivo hydrolysis. Thus, exogenous betagalactosidases can eliminate lactose malabsorption in lactase-deficient individuals even in the presence of solid foods, allowing lactose intolerant persons to consume milk and dairy products without gastrointestinal discomfort. PMID- 3918430 TI - Dietary manipulation of postprandial colonic lactose fermentation: II. Addition of exogenous, microbial beta-galactosidases at mealtime. AB - The feasibility and efficacy of adding microbial beta-galactosidase enzymes directly to milk at the time of consumption was explored in adult lactose malabsorbers. The hydrogen breath test, and on one occasion, the rise in blood glucose, were used as indices of the completeness of intraintestinal hydrolysis and absorption of milk lactose. When added to 360 ml of cow milk containing 18 g of lactose, empirical dosages of three beta-galactosidases--one from Kluyveromyces (yeast) and two from Aspergillus (fungal)--had some effectiveness in reducing postprandial H2 excretion, although no in vivo treatment at the dosages chosen was as effective as pre-incubation of the milk in vitro. The yeast enzyme also reduced symptom frequency as compared to intact milk and enhanced postprandial rises in blood glucose. The replacement therapy with exogenous, food grade beta-galactosidases may provide a useful intervention to reduce lactose malabsorption and milk intolerance in individuals with primary lactase deficiency. PMID- 3918432 TI - Weaning: enzymatic adaptation. PMID- 3918433 TI - Metabolic and endocrine interrelations in the human fetus and neonate. PMID- 3918434 TI - Nutrition and dental decay in infants. AB - This review has cited evidence which indicates that a significant amount of human dental decay represents a specific infection due to S. mutans. The manner in which S. mutans colonizes the teeth, particularly the fissure surfaces, and the role that dietary sucrose plays in this process was discussed. The transmission of this infection from adults, usually the mother, to infants occurs shortly after the teeth erupt. This time period, which coincides with weaning, would be ideal for the introduction of preventive strategies that would involve both reduction in the usage of sucrose and the judicious usage of fluorides. A model was described which indicated that if the caries susceptible surfaces on the teeth are occupied by a noncariogenic bacterial flora, then these tooth surfaces may be able to resist a S. mutans infection in later life. If so, then the weaning period is extremely important for future dental health, and great efforts should be made to provide food choices that are not innately cariogenic. In this regard, the decisions and practices of pediatricians and the manufacturers of infant food products can be extremely important determinants of the subsequent dental health of an individual. PMID- 3918435 TI - The prolonged bleeding time in hemophilia A: comparison of two measuring technics and clinical associations. AB - The authors simultaneously performed the Ivy (IBT) and the Simplate I (SBT) bleeding time in 17 volunteers with classic hemophilia A to determine whether a prolonged Simplate bleeding time was indeed indicative of impaired primary hemostasis, as has been postulated recently, or whether the technic itself accounted for the observed changes. They also assessed platelet function and Factor VIII-related activities on blood drawn that day. The SBT was prolonged in 11 patients, while the IBT was consistently normal. The platelet aggregation studies and the levels of Factor VIII-related antigen (VIII R:Ag) and ristocetin cofactor (VIII R:Rc) were normal, providing no evidence of von Willebrand's disease. The patients with a prolonged SBT were all younger than 20 years of age, bled two to three times more often than those with a normal SBT, and consumed more Factor VIII concentrate. A prolonged SBT with depressed VIII:C therefore is not indicative of von Willebrand's disease but is shared by a substantial proportion of hemophiliacs, who may be a greater risk of bleeding. PMID- 3918436 TI - Comparison of two simple tests for the lupus anticoagulant. AB - Mixtures of various patient lupus inhibitor-containing plasmas and normal plasma were tested concurrently with the dilute tissue thromboplastin inhibition (DTTI) test and the kaolin clotting time (KCT). The KCT was found to be more sensitive to the presence of the lupus inhibitor than the DTTI. The principle of reducing the platelet phospholipid content in the KCT test plasma to enhance sensitivity for the lupus inhibitor was extended by using plasmas filtered through 0.22 micron cellulose acetate filters. PMID- 3918437 TI - Solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma of the breast with serum monoclonal protein: a case report and review of the literature. AB - A case of a solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma of the breast in a 73-year-old woman is reported. This is the second case of solitary breast plasmacytoma reported in the world literature. Plasmacytomas of the breast are extremely rare, especially those that are not associated with myelomatosis or disseminated disease. An associated monoclonal protein was present in the serum and was immunologically identical to the immunoprotein found in the tumor cells. The subject of extramedullary plasmacytomas in the breast is reviewed and discussed. PMID- 3918438 TI - Surgonomics: the cost of gastrointestinal hemorrhage, the identifier concept. AB - The Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act will pay hospitals a set price for Medicare patients by one of 467 Diagnostic Related Groups (DRGs). The purpose of this study was to examine one DRG and perform indepth financial analysis in order to develop strategies for cost containment. In addition, we tested the hypothesis that an entity called an identifier (here, the presence or absence of transfusions) could be used to group patients within a specific DRG and demonstrate differences in costs. All patients (n = 46) with gastrointestinal hemorrhage under 70 years old without complications and not requiring surgery (DRG 175) treated at the Long Island Jewish-Hillside Medical Center during 1983 had their hospital charges examined. Total charges (hospital charges exclusive of physician fees) were $3891 +/- 2128 (mean +/- SEM)/patient. Patients requiring transfusion (n = 26) had total charges of $4707 +/- 2292, whereas those not requiring transfusion (n = 20) had total charges of $2765 +/- $1300. Findings in this study are: 1) within a given DRG there is a wide variance of hospital charges, 2) identifiers (in this case transfusion) may be used to clinically aggregate patients with similar resource consumption within a DRG, 3) patients receiving transfusion had 170% greater total charges, 165% greater hematology charges, and 526% greater total blood charges than those not receiving transfusion. PMID- 3918439 TI - Microbial contamination potential of sterile disposable plastic syringes. AB - The contamination potential of sterile disposable plastic syringes was evaluated after subjecting the syringes to both simulated in-use conditions and an intentional microbial challenge. Lots of 20 Luer-lock syringes in 10 or 12-cu cm and 20- or 30-cu cm sizes from three manufacturers were tested. Sampling was conducted using 30-ml vials of sterile aerobic culture media containing 14C labeled substrates. Microbial contamination was confirmed by both visual observation of the turbidity caused by colonization and instrumental detection of 14CO2 caused by the microbial metabolism of 14C-substrates. No contamination of 120 samples was found after the ribbed plunger shaft was grasped by a bare, unprepared dry hand during five cycles of filling and injecting the medium into the vials without removing the needles from the stoppers. When this sampling technique was applied to the syringes inoculated on the upper piston surface with Bacillus subtilis suspension, a 100% contamination rate was observed in 120 samples each under both positive and negative in-vial pressure. Grasping the ribbed plunger shaft of disposable plastic syringes with a dry bare hand did not compromise the sterility of the syringe contents in this study; however, this practice should be avoided when possible. Personnel should absolutely avoid introducing fluid-borne microbial contaminants into the distal barrel end of these syringes because the contents are readily labile to contamination under these conditions. PMID- 3918440 TI - Morbidity impact of rheumatoid arthritis on society. AB - Classic and definite rheumatoid arthritis affects from 0.5 to 1 percent of the United States' population between the ages of 20 and 80. In the age group of 55 to 75 years, this figure increases to 4.5 percent. In addition to the pain and suffering produced by this disease, family structure is dramatically affected- the divorce rate for patients with rheumatoid arthritis is 70 percent above that for the general population. Rheumatoid arthritis also results in serious economic loss to society. In 1983, the direct cost (out-of-pocket expense for medical care) was $777 million, and the indirect cost (loss of productivity) was $215 million, with a total of approximately $1 billion. The average person with stage III rheumatoid arthritis suffers a 60 percent decline in earnings during the first six years after onset of the disease. Recent studies have indicated that the ability to remain employed depends at least as much on job-related factors as on the extent of disease or success of medical treatment. Job autonomy or the ability to control one's working conditions is the most important factor. Other important variables are education, seniority, and work that is not excessively physically demanding. Good transportation between home and job is also an essential requirement for remaining employed. There are few data available on the cost/benefit ratio of the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. An 18-month study showed a trend toward greater improvement in patients given optimal care by a team of experts in a medical center as compared with average treatment provided in the community. A study in Scotland on cost of hospitalization of 366 patients (about one half underwent surgery) showed cost benefits of xi 14,000 to xi 131,000 over a five- to 10-year period for those who returned to work. Patients who did not return to work incurred medical costs of xi 100,000. There is little question that more effective medical treatment and better rehabilitation strategies for people with rheumatoid arthritis would provide significant benefits for patients, their families, and society. PMID- 3918441 TI - Cancer of the anal canal. Model for preoperative adjuvant combined modality therapy. AB - An analysis of preoperative multimodality adjuvant therapy with 5-fluorouracil, mitomycin-C, and radiation therapy revealed that 38 of 45 patients (84 percent) treated were rendered free of cancer after chemotherapy/radiation therapy. No recurrence of tumor has been noted in those patients rendered free of disease by the preoperative treatment. Seven patients (15 percent) with residual macroscopic or microscopic cancer after preoperative therapy have had recurrence, all in distant sites. These seven patients have died from the disease. The prognosis for patients in this series depended on the success of the preoperative therapy in eradicating all tumor prior to surgery. Mitomycin-C and 5-fluorouracil are cytotoxic for local disease and for microscopic distant disease as well. Abdomino perineal resection is unnecessary for patients whose primary tumor is eradicated by the preoperative therapy. The role of the relatively low dose of radiation therapy needs to be further defined. PMID- 3918442 TI - Nutrition and somatomedin. XIII. Usefulness of somatomedin-C in nutritional assessment. AB - Malnutrition is common in hospitalized patients, but current measures of nutritional status are limited. Because levels of somatomedins are regulated by nutrition, the utility of somatomedin-C measurement in nutritional assessment was studied. Thirty-seven malnourished patients had measurement of somatomedin-C and conventional nutritional indexes. In 28 patients seen before therapy, the somatomedin-C level was reduced (38 percent of normal) and was lower than the albumin level (66 percent, p less than 0.01), transferrin level (59 percent, p less than 0.05), and lymphocyte count (43 percent, p = NS). Somatomedin-C level was lowest with combined "kwashiorkor-marasmus" (25 percent of normal) and also reduced with "kwashiorkor" (51 percent) or "marasmus" (57 percent) alone. Somatomedin-C was correlated with albumin, transferrin, and lymphocyte count (p less than 0.02 for each). In six patients given nutritional therapy, somatomedin C levels rose by more than 70 percent in each (mean increase 181 percent), whereas lymphocyte counts rose in four (increase 78 percent for all patients), transferrin levels rose in four (increase 33 percent), and albumin levels rose in one (-6 percent). In 20 patients with detailed dietary analysis, only somatomedin C was correlated with intake of protein and calories (p less than 0.005 for each). Somatomedin-C may be a sensitive marker of malnutrition and the response to nutritional therapy. PMID- 3918443 TI - Macroprolactinemia presenting like a pituitary tumor. AB - A serum prolactin level greater than 200 ng/ml is almost pathognomonic of a pituitary tumor in a nonpregnant woman. A patient with a three-year history of documented serum prolactin levels of 350 to 400 ng/ml and no evidence of a pituitary adenoma on computed axial tomographic scanning was recently studied. Detailed evaluation included a 24-hour prolactin profile that revealed blunting of the nocturnal augmentation of prolactin release, low-dose dopamine infusion resulting in normal inhibition of prolactin secretion, and a thyrotropin releasing hormone bolus that showed a blunted stimulation of prolactin release. Analysis of circulating prolactin by column chromatography of her serum revealed that greater than 85 percent of her circulating immunoreactive prolactin had a molecular weight greater than 100,000 daltons (macroprolactin). This contrasts with other hyperprolactinemic states in which 85 percent of the serum prolactin elutes in a 22,000-dalton peak. Hence, macroprolactinemia is apparently a nonprogressive condition and a novel cause of massive hyperprolactinemia. PMID- 3918444 TI - Aztreonam therapy for gram-negative pneumonia. AB - Nineteen patients with community- or hospital-acquired gram-negative pneumonia were treated with aztreonam. Other gram-negative antibiotics were withheld. Thirteen patients (68 percent) had clinical cures and 15 (79 percent) had microbiologic cures with aztreonam. No adverse reactions or drug toxicity occurred in this population. PMID- 3918445 TI - Antimicrobial combinations in the therapy of infections due to gram-negative bacilli. AB - Antimicrobial combinations are used most frequently to provide broad-spectrum coverage; however, they are also frequently employed to enhance antimicrobial activity (synergism). Although there is extensive in vitro documentation of synergism for many antibiotic combinations, a clear advantage for these combinations has been difficult to demonstrate in clinical studies. Several types of combinations have been useful in clinical medicine and frequently result in synergism. These include combinations of a cell wall-active agent with an aminoglycosidic aminocyclitol, combinations of a beta-lactamase inhibitor with a beta-lactam, and combinations of agents that inhibit sequential steps in a metabolic pathway. Given its spectrum of activity, aztreonam will often be used with clindamycin or a beta-lactam antibiotic. Combinations of beta-lactams may be synergistic via several mechanisms. However, these combinations also exhibit significant potential for antagonism when used against gram-negative bacilli and, therefore, require careful evaluation prior to clinical use. PMID- 3918446 TI - Fetal plasma carbonic anhydrase III in prenatal diagnosis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. AB - Carbonic anhydrase III (CAIII), a skeletal-muscle-specific enzyme which is elevated in the plasma of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients, was measured by radioimmunoassay in fetal plasma in order to evaluate its application to prenatal diagnosis of DMD. Using fetoscopy, pure fetal blood samples were taken at 17-24 weeks gestation from 25 fetuses at risk for DMD and from 78 control fetuses. Care was taken in the handling and storage of all samples. Normal sons were born in eight cases at risk for DMD. The CAIII levels in the infants were not significantly different from those of the control infants. Pregnancies were terminated in the remaining 17 at-risk cases. The CAIII levels in the fetuses were significantly different (p = 0.0034) from those of the control fetuses, although the distributions overlapped. Based on prior maternal risk, seven affected fetuses were expected in the terminated group; five had CAIII levels at or above the 95th centile of the control range. It is suggested that measurement of CAIII achieves partial discrimination between affected fetuses and their normal at-risk brethren. PMID- 3918447 TI - Hairbulb tyrosinase activity in oculocutaneous albinism: suggestions for pathway control and block location. AB - Hairbulb tyrosinase activity was determined in 72 individuals with five types of oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) and 64 obligate heterozygotes. Type IA (tyrosinase negative) and type IB (yellow mutant) individuals had low or no measurable tyrosinase activity, and heterozygotes for these two types could be detected with this assay. Type II (tyrosinase-positive) individuals had moderate to high activity, and the heterozygotes for this type could not be detected. Type III (minimal pigment) individuals had low activity, and heterozygote levels were useful in detecting this type of OCA. Type VI (Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome) individuals had moderate to no measurable activity, and heterozygotes for this type could not be detected. The implication of the tyrosinase assay results in light of the phenotype and the possible location of the pigment block in these forms of OCA are discussed. PMID- 3918448 TI - IgM monoclonal gammopathy accompanied by nodular glomerulosclerosis, urine concentrating defect, and hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism. AB - A 54-year-old male had monoclonal IgM-kappa light chains in the serum and free monoclonal kappa light chains in the urine. Renal biopsy revealed nodular glomerulosclerosis associated with the accumulation of kappa light chains. Isolated microscopic hematuria was present for over 1 year. He also showed a defect in urine concentration for which the light chains deposited along the basement membrane in the inner medullary tubules were judged to be responsible. When the glomerular filtration rate fell to 30 ml/min, the syndrome of mild renal failure, decreased potassium excretion, and hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism developed, suggesting that kappa light chain nephropathy is a cause of this syndrome. Chemotherapy appeared to have some beneficial effects in maintaining renal function. PMID- 3918449 TI - Comparison of the outcome of ovulation induction therapy in an in vitro fertilization program employing a low-dose and an individually adjusted high-dose schedule of human menopausal gonadotropins. AB - A low-dose "nonsuperovulation" scheme of ovulation induction (schedule 1: 15 treatment cycles in 13 women) was compared to a high-dose, individually adjusted "controlled-superovulation" scheme of human menopausal gonadotropin administration (schedule 2: 18 treatment cycles in 17 women, with four women also having been treated under schedule 1). In schedule 2 more human menopausal gonadotropin was employed, 17 beta-estradiol plasma levels were higher, and more ova were retrieved per treatment cycle (p less than 0.01) with a higher rate of mature ova (p = 0.001). Also, under this schedule all treatment cycles resulted in successful retrieval of ova, whereas under schedule 1, four cycles (27%) were abandoned before laparoscopy because the follicles had ovulated (p = 0.03). Furthermore, the proportion of embryos cleaving to the two- to four-cell stage were higher under schedule 2 (38 of 53, or 72%) as compared to schedule 1 (13 of 25, or 52%), but this was not statistically significant (p = 0.07). Two pregnancies were conceived under schedule 2 giving a rate of 11% per treatment cycle. It was concluded that schedule 2, the individually adjusted controlled superovulation scheme of human menopausal gonadotropin administration, was the superior technique of ovulation induction in an in vitro fertilization program. PMID- 3918450 TI - Prostaglandins mediate postoperative pain in Falope ring sterilization. AB - To test the hypothesis that prostaglandins mediate the high incidence of postoperative pain in patients undergoing mechanical tubal occlusion, we studied the effect of premedication with a prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor in patients having Falope ring sterilization. Fifty-two women were randomly divided into two groups in which 19 (study group) received a preoperative indomethacin rectal suppository (100 mg) while 33 (control group) received nothing. Postoperative narcotic analgesics were administered as required, and for persistent pain an indomethacin suppository was given in the recovery room. Twenty-four percent of the control group required a postoperative indomethacin suppository because of persisting pain compared to none of the study group (p less than 0.02). These results suggest that prostaglandins mediate, and premedication with a prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor may lessen, postoperative pain in patients having Falope ring sterilization. PMID- 3918451 TI - Decreased serum reverse triiodothyronine levels with major weight loss in obese women. AB - Anorexia nervosa is accompanied by increased serum reverse triiodothyronine levels and decreased serum triiodothyronine levels. We observed 28 women undergoing gastric plication for morbid obesity and found serum reverse triiodothyronine levels to be significantly decreased (p = 0.018) from a preoperative mean (+/- SD) of 0.30 (+/- 0.17) to 0.21 (+/- 0.06) ng/ml after weight loss. As all of our subjects were on semistarvation diets and had a significant weight loss (p less than 0.001), the observed decrease in reverse triiodothyronine rather than increase (as reported in anorexia nervosa) suggests factors other than weight loss or a semistarvation diet are important in the reverse triiodothyronine increase observed in anorexia nervosa. PMID- 3918452 TI - The effect of a prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor on the hormonal profile and the endometrium in women. AB - A prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor, naproxen, was given continuously throughout the menstrual cycle at a dose of 250 mg twice daily to 10 healthy fertile women (group 1) and at a dose of 1000 mg per day to eight women in the secretory phase (group 2). Blood samples were withdrawn three times a week during a control cycle and during the treatment cycle. Luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, prolactin, estradiol, and progesterone were analyzed. Endometrial biopsies were taken in the secretory phase of the control cycle and in the treatment cycle of group 1 and on the first day of menstruation of group 2. Naproxen treatment did not suppress ovulation in any cycle and did not affect the corpus luteum function either in group 1 or in group 2. In only one of the endometrial samples taken in the secretory phase (group 1) was the density of the lysosomes increased in the treatment cycle compared to the control cycle. The specimen taken during the early menstrual period (group 2) showed an increase in glandular epithelium and height following naproxen treatment. Furthermore, a significant increase in the number of plasmolemmal vesicles per square micrometer was observed in the capillary endothelial cells after the administration of 1000 mg of naproxen per day. This suggests that the transcellular exchange of water soluble molecules in the endothelial cells was more active after the administration of a prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor than in the control group. In spite of the significant morphologic changes observed in the naproxen-treated material the onset of menstrual bleeding could not be prevented. The mechanism of the onset of menstruation needs to be further investigated. PMID- 3918453 TI - Ocular abnormalities in mucolipidosis IV. AB - Systemic findings in a 23-year-old white man with mucolipidosis type IV included early delayed psychomotor development, mental retardation, and mild facial dysplasia. There was urinary excretion of chondroitin sulfate. Ophthalmologic examination showed corneal haze, pigmentary retinopathy, and severe optic atrophy. Light microscopy showed massively engorged superficial and intermediate epithelial cells of both the cornea and the conjunctiva. By transmission electron microscopy these contained fine granular material consistent with acid mucopolysaccharide and concentric lamellar bodies presumably representing phospholipids. This storage phenomenon was also found in macrophages, plasma cells, ciliary epithelial cells, Schwann cells, retinal ganglion cells, and vascular endothelial cells. Light microscopy also disclosed early cataract formation, marked outer retinal degeneration, and optic atrophy. PMID- 3918454 TI - Glomerular capillary aneurysms in light-chain nephropathy. An ultrastructural proposal of pathogenesis. AB - The occurrence of glomerular capillary aneurysms in light-chain nephropathy and a morphologic pattern of development as determined by electron microscopy are described. Renal biopsies from 4 patients with nodular glomerulopathy were evaluated. Light-chain deposition in mesangium and capillary walls was associated with monocyte accumulation in capillaries. Loss of endothelial cell lining and disruption of mesangial anchoring points of basement membranes ensued, resulting in aneurysmal dilatation of the capillaries. The walls collapsed, and the aneurysms healed as a result of mesangial interposition, a process which, in combination with enlarging nodules, led to thickening and collapse of the walls and narrowing of the lumens. This study, in conjunction with review of photographs from previously published reports, indicates that glomerular aneurysms are a common feature of nodular light-chain glomerulopathy. It also emphasizes additional light-microscopic similarities between this glomerulopathy and nodular diabetic glomerulosclerosis. PMID- 3918455 TI - Synthesis of prostaglandin E2 in different segments of isolated collecting tubules from adult and neonatal rabbits. AB - Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) inhibits the action of the antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in isolated collecting tubules. A negative feedback loop has been postulated whereby ADH stimulates PGE2 synthesis. Furthermore, lysyl-bradykinin (LBK) inhibits the antidiuretic effect of ADH, probably via PGE2. Enhanced PGE2 synthesis has also been implicated as contributing to the inability to maximally concentrate urine during the neonatal period. We investigated PGE2 synthesis in microdissected cortical (CCT), medullary (MCT), and branched cortical (BCT) collecting tubules from adult and in corticomedullary collecting tubules (CT) from newborn rabbits. Isolated BCT produced significantly less PGE2 (12 +/- 2 pg X mm-1 X 20 min-1) than CCT (65 +/- 9) or MCT (76 +/- 8) from kidneys of adult rabbits. CT from newborn rabbits produced only 19 +/- 3 pg/mm, significantly less than either CCT or MCT from adults. A large variability in basal PGE2 production and hormonal response was observed from tubule to tubule. Under either basal conditions or in the presence of 2 microM arachidonic acid, LBK enhanced PGE2 synthesis in CCT and MCT from adults. ADH enhanced PGE2 production in MCT under basal conditions and in CCT in the presence of arachidonic acid. Neither LBK nor ADH stimulated PGE2 synthesis in neonatal CT. A23187 consistently stimulated PGE2 synthesis in CCT and MCT from adults and, to a lesser extent, in CT from newborn rabbits. Our results support the hypothesis that ADH and LBK enhance PGE2 synthesis in the collecting tubule. This response is, however, subject to large variations from tubule to tubule and depends on the in vitro incubation conditions. PMID- 3918456 TI - Bradykinin stimulates Cl secretion and prostaglandin E2 release by canine tracheal epithelium. AB - Bradykinin increased mean short-circuit current (Isc) when added either to the mucosal (KD = 1.1 nM; delta Imaxsc = 29.8 +/- 4.4 microA/cm2) or submucosal bath (KD = 108 nM; delta Imaxsc = 27.1 +/- 4.9 microA/cm2). Bumetanide or replacement of Cl reduced the maximal change in Isc. In paired tissues, the increase in net 36Cl flux toward the mucosa equaled the change in Isc. Net 22Na flux toward the submucosa was unchanged. Involvement of intramural nerves was ruled out because bradykinin-induced increases in Isc were not inhibited by phentolamine, propranolol, atropine, or tetrodotoxin. A direct action of bradykinin on the epithelium was also made probable by the autoradiographic demonstration of specific bradykinin binding sites. The antagonists of arachidonic acid metabolism, indomethacin and eicosa-5,8,11,14-tetraynoic acid, inhibited the increase in Isc induced by bradykinin. Finally, prostaglandin E2 release was significantly increased by submucosal addition of bradykinin, and this effect was abolished by pretreatment with indomethacin. We conclude that bradykinin stimulates Cl secretion in canine tracheal epithelium by increasing prostaglandin release. PMID- 3918457 TI - Urea and Na+ permeabilities in toad urinary bladder: one or two solute pathways? AB - It has been reported that toad urinary bladder amiloride not only reversibly blocks Na+ transport, but it also reversibly inhibits urea permeability (Pu). This finding prompted some queries: 1) Does Na+ transport rates and/or the cytosolic Na+ pool regulate Pu? 2) Does amiloride inhibit two different solute pathways or one pathway through which both Na+ and urea permeate? The following results were obtained in toad bladder. 1) The absence of mucosal Na+ does not interfere with basal or ADH-induced Pu. 2) Amiloride inhibits Pu in the absence of apical Na+. 3) The concentration of amiloride that produces half-maximal inhibition (K1/2) of the ADH-induced Na+ transport is 7 X 10(-7)M with 110 mM mucosal Na+, 7 X 10(-8)M with 1 mM apical Na+, and 2 X 10(-6)M in the absence of mucosal Ca2+; K1/2 of ADH-stimulated Pu is 9 X 10(-5)M and is not altered by lowering the mucosal Na+ concentration to 1 mM or deleting apical Ca2+. 4) Mucosal La3+ (10(-3)M): i) reversibly increases Na+ transport by 75%, potentiating the natriferic effect of ADH by 51%; ii) does not affect basal Pu and irreversibly blunts the ADH-mediated increase in Pu by 72%; and iii) has no effect on basal or ADH-induced osmotic flow. Identical results were obtained with Tm3+. These results suggest that the inhibitory effect of amiloride on amide permeation is not mediated by its effect on Na+ transport. There are three separate operational pathways for water, Na+, and urea; amiloride reversibly blocks those through which Na+ and urea permeate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3918458 TI - Acute reduction of plasma vasopressin levels by rehydration in sheep. AB - Sheep were depleted of water by restricting water intake to 500 ml/day for 7-9 days and were then rehydrated by three treatments: voluntary intake of water, administration of water by tube into the stomach, or voluntary intake of 0.9% NaCl solution (saline). The volumes of fluids drunk within 2-3 min, or administered by tube, were approximately equal to the animal's weight loss. Plasma vasopressin rose from 4.4 +/- 0.6 to 16.8 +/- 1.0 pg/ml during water restriction. After drinking water plasma vasopressin fell from 19.0 +/- 1.9 to 7.5 +/- 0.4 pg/ml (P less than 0.001) in 15 min and gradually fell to 3.2 +/- 0.4 pg/ml over 6 h. Plasma osmolality fell from 302.4 +/- 0.9 to 301.0 +/- 1.1 mosmol/kg (NS) 15 min after water drinking and then gradually fell to subnormal levels. Sheep given water by stomach tube showed a similar decline in plasma osmolality, but the fall in plasma vasopressin was attenuated. The fall in plasma vasopressin in the first 30 min after drinking saline was almost identical with the fall after drinking water, but plasma osmolality was unaltered. Plasma vasopressin fell so rapidly after drinking water or saline as to suggest that the act of drinking caused almost complete inhibition of vasopressin release without a change in plasma osmolality. The results are consistent with earlier evidence that oropharyngeal receptors initiate the inhibition of vasopressin release after drinking. PMID- 3918459 TI - Ca2+ metabolism during cholinergic stimulation of acid secretion. AB - Carbachol-induced changes in 45Ca fluxes and cytosolic free Ca2+ were characterized in rabbit gastric glands and isolated dog parietal cells. Cholinergic stimulation was expressed as changes in the membrane permeability of the parietal cell to Ca2+ without Ca2+ release from intracellular stores. The changes in the membrane permeability to Ca2+ were sustained as long as the cells were exposed to carbachol, independent of extracellular Ca2+, and had the properties of a passive pathway across which Ca2+ distributed according to its chemical gradient. As a consequence of the changes in membrane permeability to Ca2+, carbachol caused a sustained increase in free cytosolic Ca2+ from a resting level of 134 +/- 11 to 533 +/- 81 nM (n = 14). After carbachol stimulation, calcium ions were sequestered in mitochondrial and probably nonmitochondrial compartments. When cell stimulation was terminated by atropine or La3+, the cells restored the resting level of the intracellular Ca2+ activity ([Ca2+]in), independent of uncoupling of mitochondrial oxidation phosphorylation. Reduction in [Ca2+]in was mainly through Ca2+ efflux across the plasma membrane of the parietal cell. Manipulation of intracellular Na+ ion activity in intact cells and studies with basal-lateral membrane vesicles from gastric mucosa indicated the absence of extracellular Na+-intracellular Ca2+ exchange activity in the plasma membrane of the parietal cell. A calmodulin-regulated, ATP-dependent Ca2+ pump that could maintain active Ca2+ extrusion from parietal cells was found in the basal-lateral membrane of the parietal cells. PMID- 3918460 TI - Vasoconstrictor-evoked prostaglandin synthesis in cultured human mesangial cells. AB - We examined the influence of angiotensin II (ANG II), arginine vasopressin (AVP), and platelet activating factor (PAF) on prostaglandin (PG) synthesis and cell contractility in human glomerular mesangial cells in culture. Addition of sodium butyrate to the culture medium for 40 h significantly increased synthesis of both 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and PGE2 in the presence of exogenous arachidonic acid and of PGE2 under basal conditions. To optimize conditions in all further experiments, cells cultured with butyrate were studied. Under basal conditions, cultured mesangial cells produced predominantly 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and much less PGE2. Addition of either ANG II, AVP, or PAF all resulted in a rapid (within minutes) two- to threefold stimulation of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and PGE2. Threshold stimulations were obtained at 10 pM for ANG II, 1 nM for AVP, and 10-100 pM for PAF. Preincubation of the cells with [Sar1,Ala8]ANG II, an antagonist of ANG II, inhibited ANG II-enhanced PG production, and preincubation with 1-desamino-8-D arginine vasopressin, an antidiuretic analogue, blunted AVP-enhanced PG production. Under phase-contrast microscopy, PAF, ANG II, and, to a lesser degree, AVP caused decrease in cell surface area of mesangial cells cultured without butyrate at concentrations similar to those stimulating PG synthesis. Only PAF contracted cells cultured with butyrate, indicating attenuation of the vasoactive effects of ANG II and AVP when synthesis of PG was increased. However, a lower dose of PAF was only active when PG synthesis was inhibited, suggesting the same feedback mechanism for the three agonists. PMID- 3918461 TI - Regulation of water permeability in toad urinary bladder at two barriers. AB - The effects of prostaglandin synthesis inhibition by naproxen were studied in toad bladder. Luminal membrane water permeability was evaluated both by the frequency of intramembranous particle aggregates in granular cell luminal membrane and by direct assessment of the rate of change of cell volume during perfusion of an anisosmotic solution. Total tissue water permeability was assessed by transbladder osmotic water flow. Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis caused luminal membrane water permeability to increase much more than expected from tissue permeability measurements. The addition of a very low dose of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) (0.125 mU/ml) during prostaglandin synthesis inhibition increased luminal membrane water permeability to the same level as maximal stimulation with ADH, while tissue water permeability failed to increase proportionately. The results imply the presence of a regulatable barrier to water movement across toad bladder that is distal to the luminal membrane and subject to control by either prostaglandins or ADH. PMID- 3918462 TI - Effects of oxygen radicals on cerebral arterioles. AB - Xanthine oxidase and xanthine, a combination that produces hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion radical, applied topically in anesthetized cats equipped with cranial windows caused arteriolar dilation during application, sustained dilation 1 h after washout, and reduced reactivity to the vasoconstrictive effects of arterial hypocapnia, discrete lesions of the endothelium, and morphological abnormalities of the vascular smooth muscle by electron microscopy. Similar effects were seen in small, but not in large, arterioles during topical application of hydrogen peroxide or hydrogen peroxide plus ferrous sulfate, a combination that produces free hydroxyl radical. The functional changes caused by xanthine oxidase plus xanthine were inhibited completely by superoxide dismutase plus catalase. Superoxide dismutase or catalase, each by itself, eliminated the residual effects seen after washout and reduced the dilation during application of xanthine oxidase. The results show that superoxide anion radical and hydrogen peroxide produce reversible arteriolar dilation and that consistent vascular damage is produced in the presence of both superoxide anion radical and hydrogen peroxide. PMID- 3918463 TI - Effects of intragastric hyperalimentation on pair-fed rats with ventromedial hypothalamic lesions. AB - The present study was undertaken to determine the relative contributions of altered metabolic responses and excess food intake to the obesity and hyperinsulinemia of the ventromedial hypothalamic (VMH) syndrome. This experiment, employing an intragastric hyperalimentation protocol, was also designed to address the related issue of whether altered energy utilization serves as a compensatory strategy for reducing energy retention in the face of excess intake. Separate groups of VMH-lesioned and sham-lesioned female rats were fed, either orally or intragastrically, up to 200% of the calories ingested by a normally feeding intact rat. Both VMH-lesioned and intact rats became obese and hyperinsulinemic when hyperalimented for 30 days, but rats with lesions deposited 25% more fat than intact animals receiving an identical number of calories. Estimates of total carcass energy indicated that rats with lesions required 11% less calories than intact rats to retain identical levels of energy. Furthermore, intact hyperalimented rats failed to evidence the caloric wastage that has been reported to occur in orally fed rats that overeat cafeteria diets. PMID- 3918464 TI - Cardiovascular responses to elevation of intra-abdominal hydrostatic pressure. AB - Intra-abdominal fluid volume and hydrostatic pressure were elevated by positive pressure infusion of Tyrode solution into the peritoneal cavity of anesthetized dogs. The compliance of the peritoneal cavity fell from 10.8 to 0.56 ml X mmHg-1 X kg-1 of body wt as intra-abdominal pressure increased from 0 to 40 mmHg. Intrathoracic pressure also increased as elevated peritoneal pressure caused diaphragmatic bulging. Cardiac output and stroke volume were reduced by 36% after an intra-abdominal pressure rise of 40 mmHg; in contrast, heart rate did not change. Flow in the celiac, superior mesenteric, and renal arteries was reduced by 42, 61, and 70%, respectively. Pressure in the femoral vein increased to 46 mmHg, while flow in the femoral artery decreased by 65%. Whole-body O2 consumption, pH, and arterial PO2 decreased as intra-abdominal pressure rose. The peritoneal cavity, with its high initial compliance, affords the body an ideal location for the temporary accumulation of small to moderate volumes of fluid during episodes of increased vascular pressure or permeability. The marked alterations in the hemodynamic properties of the cardiovascular system are indicative of the physiological changes that occur when intra-abdominal fluid accumulation becomes excessive and peritoneal pressure rises to high levels. PMID- 3918465 TI - Plasma vasopressin response to peripheral administration of angiotensin in conscious rats. AB - To assess a role for peripherally administered angiotensin II (ANG II) in regulating vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone, ADH) release, the effects on plasma ANG II and ADH of intraperitoneal injections of ANG II dissolved in various solutions were examined in conscious rats. Plasma ANG II and ADH were determined by radioimmunoassay using the trunk blood collected after decapitation. Injections of 150 mM NaCl containing ANG II (6, 12, or 24 micrograms X 2 ml-1 X 100 g body wt-1) caused dose-related increases in plasma ANG II 15 and 30 min after, but plasma ADH remained unchanged. The lack of effect on plasma ADH of the ANG II dissolved in isotonic saline was also confirmed in another series of experiments in which the solution with a higher ANG II concentration was loaded by much smaller injection volume (14.3 micrograms X 0.1 ml-1 X 100 g-1). However, when given together with 600 mM NaCl, ANG II (8 micrograms X 2 ml-1 X 100 g-1) significantly potentiated the plasma ADH response to the vehicle at 15, 30, and 60 min, without affecting those of plasma osmolality, sodium, and hematocrit. The elevations of plasma ANG II and osmolality brought about by the treatment were comparable with those previously observed in rats deprived of water for 46 h. ANG II was without effect on the plasma ADH responses to the intraperitoneal injections of hypertonic sucrose or mannitol solution that did not alter plasma sodium, although these solutions were equipotent to 600 mM NaCl in augmenting plasma ADH and osmolality.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3918466 TI - The industrialization of American psychiatry. AB - Physician surpluses and escalating medical care costs have fostered an alliance among government, corporate America, and health insurers that has inspired medicine's industrialization. These same forces will transform psychiatry into an industry where prospective payment, automation, salaried employment, and central control of clinical activities threaten to become the dominant form of medical practice. Emerging trends suggest that both patients and health professionals will gravitate to various forms of alternative provider organizations in an effort to shield themselves from the economic uncertainties of seeking and providing care. The chronically mentally ill and others requiring extensive treatment risk exclusion from this new system, where cost consciousness may supplant compassion. PMID- 3918467 TI - Reductions in coverage for mental and nervous illness in the Federal Employees Health Benefits Program, 1980-1984. AB - After nearly 15 years of nondiscriminatory coverage, the largest plan in the Federal Employees Health Benefits Program cut its coverage of care for mental illness disproportionately to coverage for other health care in 1981 and 1982. "Catastrophic" coverage for inpatient mental illness care was introduced by many of the plans in 1984. The authors review the reductions in coverage from economic and clinical perspectives, highlighting the impact of the disparity between the coverage for mental illness and other medical conditions. The model of catastrophic protection for treatment of mental illness set forth in the Federal Employees Health Benefits Program does not bode well for the patient and family who must cope with such a financial contingency. PMID- 3918468 TI - Rapid response to the addition of lithium in iprindole-resistant unipolar depression: a pilot study. AB - The authors administered lithium carbonate, 900 mg/day, in an open study to seven patients with a major unipolar depression refractory to 3-week treatment with iprindole, 90 mg/day, a tricyclic antidepressant devoid of any action on monoaminergic reuptake. All patients showed clinically significant improvement within 48 hours. Since iprindole induces in the animal a sensitization of forebrain neurons to serotonin (5-HT), as do other tricyclic antidepressants, and lithium enhances the activity of 5-HT neurons, the authors propose that an enhanced release of 5-HT on sensitized target neurons might underlie the rapid antidepressant effect in tricyclic-refractory depression when lithium is added to the treatment regimen. PMID- 3918469 TI - Predicting length of hospital stay of psychiatric patients. AB - Data from 105 psychiatric patients in the adolescent, young adult, and older adult age ranges and in various diagnosis-related groups confirmed the hypothesis that patients' length of stay in a hospital for a psychiatric disorder is increased by greater amounts of stress and decreased by higher levels of functioning. The authors propose a formula, length of stay = function of axis IV score/axis V score, to test this relationship. The findings point to a potentially useful approach for making decisions on length of stay, i.e., the use of more reliable scales than the global rating scale of axis V in DSM-III. PMID- 3918470 TI - Development of a cost-efficient psychogeriatrics service. AB - Various cost-efficient and space-efficient methods were used to expand outpatient services to the elderly at a teaching hospital's psychiatry clinic over a 2-year period. During this time the active treatment census of elderly patients more than doubled, to 185 patients. Only one enrolled patient required psychiatric hospitalization, and none required nursing home placement in the 2 years. Except for the geriatrics service director, no new paid staff and no extra space were required to form the service. The authors review the methods that seemed most beneficial to the service. PMID- 3918471 TI - Patient-predicted length of stay and diagnosis-related-group reimbursement. AB - Comparing patient-predicted to actual length of stay of 127 general psychiatric inpatients, the authors found excessive length of stay among demented geriatric patients and young patients with personality disorders. They recommend altering treatment provision to reduce stays to diagnosis-related-group standards. PMID- 3918472 TI - Growth of two phleboviruses after experimental infection of their suspected sand fly vector, Phlebotomus perniciosus (Diptera: Psychodidae). AB - Phlebotomus perniciosus were infected by intrathoracic inoculation and membrane feeding techniques with two phleboviruses (Toscana and Arbia) isolated in Italy from this sand fly species. Low levels of multiplication of both viruses were detected after intrathoracic inoculation of the sand flies. Only some insects were found infected after oral ingestion of the two viruses. The percentage of flies infected orally was related to the amount of virus ingested. Toscana virus was transovarially transmitted to two larvae of the F1 progeny of orally infected sand flies. No signs of infection were observed after oral infection when unnatural virus-vector combinations were tested, e.g., Toscana virus-P. papatasi or Naples sand fly fever virus-P. perniciosus. The virus concentrations recorded in P. perniciosus experimentally infected with both Toscana and Arbia viruses were similar to those found in naturally-infected sand flies. PMID- 3918473 TI - Experimental studies on the replication and dissemination of Qalyub virus (Bunyaviridae: Nairovirus) in the putative tick vector, Ornithodoros (Pavlovskyella) erraticus. AB - A study was undertaken to determine if the argasid tick, Ornithodoros (Pavlovskyella) erraticus, can serve as a biological vector of Qalyub (QYB) virus. The suckling mice used as viremic vertebrate hosts were acceptable hosts for all feeding stages of this tick and developed relatively high titered viremias (4.4-6.5 log10PFU/ml) 24-120 hr post intracerebral inoculation. Larval, nymphal, and adult ticks became orally infected with QYB virus after ingesting 4.4-6.4 log10PFU/ml. The overall infection rate for all experiments was 67/205 and virus was recovered up to day 179 postfeeding. Incubation of known quantities of QYB virus with uninfected triturated tick tissues did not result in any appreciable virus inactivation. QYB viral antigen was detected by immunofluorescence primarily in the tick midgut posterior diverticula cells. First and second instar nymphs orally infected as larvae did not individually transmit QYB virus to suckling mice; however they successfully transmitted the virus when feeding in groups of 11-20 per mouse. Three out of fourteen of the orally-infected male and female ticks individually transmitted QYB virus orally to suckling mice. Organ titrations of ticks orally exposed to QYB virus demonstrated virus primarily in midgut tissues; dissemination to other organ systems was discovered in only 1 tick after 142 days extrinsic incubation. Vertical transmission of virus from infected female ticks to progeny was not demonstrated. Four of the 39 ticks in our colony were infected with a spirochete; presumably, Borrelia crocidurae. O. (P.) erraticus apparently satisfies the conditions that would implicate this species as a biological vector of QYB virus and is the only known arthropod from which this virus has been isolated in nature. PMID- 3918474 TI - The systemic pathology of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus infection in humans. AB - The histopathology of fatal Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) in humans has not been well documented. To evaluate the spectrum of disease in man, the histologic slides of the 21 autopsied patients who died with documented VEE infection during the 1962-63 VEE epidemic in Zulia, Venezuela were reviewed. The main histopathologic lesion observed in multiple organs and tissues, especially the brain, gastrointestinal tract, and lungs, was moderate to marked diffuse congestion and edema with hemorrhage. In the central nervous system (CNS), mild or focal mixed inflammatory cell infiltrates were present in the leptomeninges and perivascular spaces (65%). Meningoencephalitis associated with intense necrotizing vasculitis was observed in 2 patients (10%), and cerebritis was observed in 5 cases (25%). There was a striking depletion of lymphocytes with vascular thrombosis and necrosis of follicles in lymph nodes (77%), spleen (69%), and the gastrointestinal tract (90%). Widespread hepatocellular degeneration and individual cell necrosis was observed in 61% of the cases. Most patients (90%) had interstitial pneumonia, frequently complicated by acute bronchopneumonia (33%). Overall, the lesions observed in the CNS and reticuloendothelial tissues are comparable to what is observed in experimental animals; however, extensive hepatocellular degeneration and interstitial pneumonia are not prominent pathologic features of VEE in animals. The findings are consistent with the hypothesis that lymphoid and reticuloendothelial tissues are the targets in VEE virus infection in humans, and that many of the histopathologic changes are attributable to primary lymphoid and endothelial cell injury. PMID- 3918475 TI - Use of a branched chain amino acid enriched solution in patients under metabolic stress. AB - The metabolic response to stress results in proteolysis, increased gluconeogenesis, and negative nitrogen balance. Infusion of BCAA has been shown experimentally to decrease protein degradation and stimulate protein synthesis. Such infusion may modify the response of patients to metabolic stress. An amino acid solution containing 45 percent BCAA as a component of central vein parenteral nutrition was infused into 20 moderately to severely stressed postoperative patients in a prospective, nonrandomized fashion. Infusion was begun within 24 hours postoperatively and continued for 7 to 14 days. Patients received 1.6 g protein equivalents per kg body weight daily and 30 kcal/kg body weight daily. Nutritional indexes as measured by albumin and transferrin values were maintained during the study period. Nitrogen balance became increasingly positive over the period of infusion without an increase in the urinary excretion of 3-methylhistidine. There were no serious clinical or biochemical side effects of the BCAA infusion, although a statistically significant increase in alkaline phosphatase was observed. These results suggest that central vein parenteral nutrition utilizing a 45 percent BCAA enriched solution can promote nitrogen retention without serious side effects in moderately to severely stressed patients. PMID- 3918476 TI - Ventilatory response during halothane and enflurane anaesthesia. AB - In six children with body weights between 11.4-18.7 kg, minute ventilation, tidal volume, respiratory rate, end-tidal CO2 concentration and CO2 elimination were measured during both CO2 free breathing and CO2 breathing due to low fresh gas flows (maximal inspired CO2 about 2%) or the addition of CO2 from Rotameters (mean inspired CO2 about 1.5%) during both halothane and enflurane anaesthesia. All patients were undergoing hypospadias repair, received caudal analgesia prior to surgery and were intubated and allowed to breathe halothane/enflurane in O2/N2O (FIO2 0.5) spontaneously through a modified T-piece system (Mapleson F). End-tidal CO2 concentrations were similar with both agents during CO2-free breathing and did not increase during CO2 breathing because of increased minute ventilation, of the same magnitude with both agents, which was achieved by larger tidal volumes. Respiratory rates were unchanged. No differences were found between halothane and enflurane at the light levels of general anaesthesia made possible by combination with caudal block. PMID- 3918477 TI - Controlled ventilation in dental outpatients. Controlled ventilation with atracurium and alfentanil analgesia compared with halothane. AB - This study compares anaesthesia with controlled ventilation of the lungs with atracurium and alfentanil analgesia with halothane anaesthesia. Recovery time, the incidence of dysrhythmias and postoperative morbidity were evaluated. Anaesthesia with controlled ventilation was found to reduce significantly the incidence of cardiac dysrhythmias during dental surgery, and to produce a significantly more rapid recovery than halothane anaesthesia. The incidence of subjective postoperative complications is similar. It is concluded that controlled ventilation with atracurium and alfentanil is a suitable outpatient dental technique. PMID- 3918478 TI - High-frequency jet ventilation for tracheal surgery. AB - The anaesthetic requirements for tracheal resection include a clear airway, adequate ventilation and good surgical access. Many techniques have been described, none of which is entirely satisfactory. This case reports on the use of high-frequency jet ventilation with 10Fg catheter combined with muscle relaxants and intravenous anaesthesia in a patient with tracheal stenosis. PMID- 3918479 TI - Anesthesia for hepatic transplantation: cardiovascular and metabolic alterations and their management. AB - We studied the cardiovascular and metabolic changes occurring during orthotopic liver transplantation in nine patients. The operative management of these patients can be divided into an initial dissection phase, an anhepatic phase when the hepatic artery, portal vein, and inferior vena cava are cross-clamped, and the phase after the release of these clamps. On clamping the inferior vena cava, the systolic arterial pressure decreased from 134 +/- 9 to 104 +/- 8 mm Hg, the pulmonary artery pressure decreased from 25 +/- 4 to 17 +/- 4 mm Hg, the mean pulmonary wedge pressure decreased from 11.9 +/- 1.9 to 6.8 +/- 1.2 mm Hg, and cardiac index decreased from 5.3 +/- 0.3 to 2.7 +/- 0.2 L X min-1 X m-2. There were compensatory increases in systemic vascular resistance from 806 +/- 52 to 1448 +/- 109 dyne X cm X sec-5 and in pulmonary vascular resistance from 78 +/- 13 to 122 +/- 25 dyne X cm X sec-5. Removal of these clamps was followed by an initial depression in cardiac output that returned to preclamping values. Profound metabolic alterations were encountered during these phases. Hydrogen ion concentration increased from a mean of 39 +/- 2 to 45 +/- 2 nmol/L during cross clamping, with a further increase to 55 +/- 3 nmol/L after the initial perfusion of the new liver. Serum potassium levels increased significantly only on release of the clamps, from a mean of 3.8 +/- 0.3 to a peak of 5.3 +/- 0.6 mmol.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3918480 TI - Membrane disordering effects of anesthetics are enhanced by gangliosides. AB - The effects of anesthetic drugs on lipid order were evaluated by the fluorescence polarization of the probe molecule, 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) incorporated into vesicles of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) and DMPC with 10 mol% ganglioside (GD1a). Anesthetics (enflurane, chloroform, diethylether, pentobarbital, ethanol, butanol, hexanol) decreased the fluorescence polarization of DPH in vesicles of DMPC, but relatively large concentrations were required. Addition of gangliosides to DMPC enhanced the lipid disordering effects of anesthetics by several fold. The potencies of these anesthetics in decreasing fluorescence polarization of DPH in DMPC-ganglioside was well correlated with their potencies as anesthetics, and significant decreases in fluorescence polarization occurred at pharmacologically relevant concentrations. These results indicate that gangliosides can enhance the sensitivity of membrane lipids to the disordering effects of anesthetics and suggest that the large ganglioside content of the outer leaflet of the lipid bilayer of neuronal membranes may render this membrane region unusually sensitive to anesthetic agents. PMID- 3918481 TI - The influence of halothane and isoflurane on pulmonary collateral ventilation. AB - The effects of halothane and isoflurane on hypocapnic increases in pulmonary collateral resistance were studied in dogs. A bronchoscope with a double lumen catheter in the suction port obstructed a peripheral airway and allowed gas to flow out of the isolated segment of lung only via collateral channels. The collateral gas flow (Vcoll) was measured with a flowmeter and delivered through one lumen of the catheter, while the other lumen measured distal pressure (Pb). At FRC, the resistance to collateral ventilation (Rcoll) was calculated as Rcoll = Pb/Vcoll. The rest of the lung was ventilated with air, while air (hypocapnia), 10% CO2 in air, or air and halothane or isoflurane were delivered to the isolated segment. A measurement of resistance was made after 4 min of test gas flow. For each segment, when air replaced 10% CO2, the average increase in Rcoll was calculated and called Rmax. When 10% CO2 in air was infused into segments the mean Rcoll (n = 50) was 0.0196 +/- 0.0022 cmH2O X ml-1 X min. This increased to 0.0285 +/- 0.0031 cmH2O X ml-1 X min (mean +/- E) when air was infused, a mean increase in resistance of 52 +/- 3%. When halothane or isoflurane was added to air the hypocapnic increase in Rcoll was attenuated with a 50% decrease at 1.3% (1.4 MAC and 0.8 MAC, respectively). These two inhalational anesthetics reduce active changes in the flow resistance to collateral ventilation. When collateral resistance acts to adjust ventilation perfusion deviations, this action of halothane and isoflurane may make this regulation less effective. PMID- 3918482 TI - Antimicrobial activity of bupivacaine and morphine. AB - Antimicrobial activity of bupivacaine and morphine against 10 microbial strains was studied with an agar dilution method. The strains tested were Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), and one of each of the clinical isolates of Staphylococcus epidermidis (a multiresistant strain), Staphylococcus epidermidis (a sensitive strain), Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes (A), Streptococcus faecalis, Bacillus cereus, and Candida albicans. The antimicrobial effect of bupivacaine was tested at concentrations of 0.5, 1.25, 2.5, and 5 mg/ml (0.05% 0.125%, 0.25%, and 0.5%). Bupivacaine at a concentration of 2.5 mg/ml inhibited the growth of the sensitive S. epidermidis strain, S. pyogenes, and S. pneumoniae, and all of the others except P. aeruginosa at a concentration of 5 mg/ml. Morphine 0.2 and 2 mg/ml (0.02 and 0.2%) did not inhibit any of the strains. PMID- 3918483 TI - Concerning the possible nature of reported fentanyl seizures. PMID- 3918484 TI - Grand mal seizures following fentanyl-lidocaine. PMID- 3918485 TI - Arachidonic acid metabolism and inhibition of cyclooxygenase in platelets from asthmatic subjects with aspirin intolerance. AB - Exaggerated inhibition of cyclooxygenase has been proposed as a mechanism of drug induced bronchospasm in aspirin-intolerant patients. This study, using platelets, shows that inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis by aspirin is unmodified in patients when compared with healthy subjects. The ratio of cyclooxygenase:lipoxygenase products is similar in platelets from patients and control subjects. We conclude that the cyclooxygenase alteration observed in cells from the respiratory tract is not generalised to other cells such as platelets. We also propose that the major abnormality in NSAID-intolerant patients would affect receptivity to lipoxygenase products more than their biosynthesis. PMID- 3918486 TI - Histamine antagonists in the treatment of shock hyperglycemia in the rat. AB - The present study was undertaken to determine the effect of exogenous histamine and histamine blockers on blood glucose and hepatic glycogen in the rat. Forty one nonfasted male Sprague-Dawley rats that had been anesthetized with intraperitoneal injections of urethane were injected intravenously (femoral) with histamine (10 mg/kg) five minutes after pretreatment with Ringer's solution (control), diphenhydramine (1 mg/kg) (H-1 blocker); metiamide (1 mg/kg) (H-2 blocker); or a combination of these blockers. Mean arterial pressure (carotid), blood glucose, and hepatic glycogen were measured. Within 30 minutes, histamine evoked a significant increase in blood glucose, and a decrease in hepatic glycogen, and a reduction in blood pressure. However, rats treated with the H-2 blocker metiamide or with a combination of H-1 and H-2 blockers did not show as significant a hypotensive response as rats treated with the H-1 blocker diphenhydramine alone. The hyperglycemic-glycogenolytic response to histamine was modified by diphenhydramine as well as by a combination of blockers, but not by metiamide alone. These results suggest that a) the hypotension did not initiate the hyperglycemic and glycogenolytic response; b) the H-2 blocker metiamide has little effect on the hyperglycemic response to exogenous histamine; and c) the H 1 blocker diphenhydramine may have antihyperglycemic properties. PMID- 3918487 TI - Identification of common antigens in ribosome-rich extracts from Fusobacterium necrophorum. AB - Ribosome-rich extracts (RRE) were prepared by differential and ultracentrifugation from 25 bovine and 6 ovine isolates of Fusobacterium necrophorum (FN) including both biotypes A and B. A pooled rabbit antiserum was prepared against whole-cell and sonicated whole-cell bacterins of F necrophorum isolate FN 3080, and a 2nd pooled rabbit antiserum was prepared against a RRE of FN 3080. The RRE of the 25 bovine isolates were tested against the FN 3080 whole cell antiserum, using Ouchterlony double-immunodiffusion procedures. One to 3 precipitin lines were observed with the 25 isolates. The individual bovine isolates were found to have lines of identity with 5 to 21 of the other 24 isolates. The 25 bovine isolates and the 6 ovine isolates were then compared, using the FN 3080 RRE antiserum. One to 3 precipitin lines were observed for the 31 isolates with the RRE antiserum, and lines of identity were observed between all 31 of the isolates. These results indicated that common antigens are present in the RRE from a wide variety of F necrophorum isolates including both A and B biotypes. PMID- 3918488 TI - Detection of Corynebacterium equi-specific antibody in horses by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. AB - An enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay was developed to measure naturally occurring Corynebacterium equi specific antibody in horse serum. Antibody against C equi was demonstrated in normal adults and was passively transferred to foals. Adult levels of specific antibody were reached by 5 to 6 months of age in healthy foals. Decreased early antibody levels were demonstrated in a limited number of foals with confirmed C equi infection. PMID- 3918489 TI - Effect of Escherichia coli endotoxin and thyrotropin-releasing hormone on prolactin in lactating sows. AB - Primiparous gilts were given subcutaneous injections of saline solution or 8 mg of Escherichia coli endotoxin (055:B5 strain) in saline solution on postpartum days (PPD) 2 and/or 6 and saline solution at the same site on PPD 1, 3, 5, and 7 at 1000 hours. On PPD 1 to 3 and on PPD 5 to 7, pigs were given 100 micrograms of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) IV at 1300 hours to evaluate TRH-induced prolactin (PRL) release. Blood samples were analyzed for PRL, cortisol, triiodothyronine (T3), and tetraiodothyronine (T4) concentrations. Rectal temperatures were monitored at hourly intervals between 0800 and 1500 hours on PPD 2 and 6. The PRL declined after endotoxin administration on PPD 2, but a similar decline was not seen after saline solution administration on PPD 1, 2, or 3. The PRL concentrations remained unchanged on PPD 5, 6, and 7 in gilts exposed to endotoxin for the 1st or 2nd time on PPD 6 and to saline solution on PPD 5 and 7. The TRH injection caused increases in PRL in all animals, but the PRL increase after TRH injection was significantly lower (P less than 0.05) in gilts treated with endotoxin on PPD 2. Cortisol concentrations increased after endotoxin exposure on PPD 2 and 6. Rectal temperatures increased after endotoxin exposure on PPD 2 and 6 with peak temperatures of 41.8 C and 41.6 C seen 4 and 3 hours, respectively, after endotoxin injection. The T3 and T4 response, used as an indicator of TRH perfusion of the adenohypophysis, was unchanged after endotoxin or saline solution administration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3918490 TI - Comparative evaluation of a commercial microdilution method and a conventional disk diffusion method for determination of antibiograms of gram-positive cocci. AB - A commercial broth microdilution system for testing the antimicrobial susceptibility of gram-positive cocci was compared with the standardized disk agar-diffusion method by testing 254 clinical strains of staphylococci and streptococci using both methods. A total of 2,794 parallel determinations were made with 92.3% complete agreement between the 2 methods; of the discrepancies encountered, 3.0% were minor, 2.5% were major, and 2.1% were very major. The results indicate that the commercial microdilution system may provide a reliable quantitative method for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of clinical isolates from animals. PMID- 3918491 TI - Anesthetic potency of nitrous oxide in young swine (Sus scrofa). AB - Determination of nitrous oxide (N2O) potency was accomplished by extrapolation using the concepts of minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) and additivity among inhalation anesthetics. Halothane and isoflurane anesthetic requirement (alveolar concentration) necessary to achieve MAC in 9 pigs decreased with each successive increase in the percentage of inspired N2O (25%, 50%, 75%). Halothane and isoflurane MAC was determined to be 0.94 +/- 0.03 and 1.75 +/- 0.01 volumes percent, respectively. Halothane and isoflurane requirements decreased to 0.74 +/ 0.02, 0.66 +/- 0.02, and 0.58 +/- 0.02; and to 1.56 +/- 0.02, 1.38 +/- 0.02, and 1.08 +/- 0.03 volumes percent with 25%, 50%, and 75% N2O, respectively. The line of best fit derived from regression analysis of the combined data (isoflurane and halothane MAC values) had a correlation coefficient of 0.987 and an X intercept equivalent to 195% N2O. The potency of N2O in pigs was similar to that of other domesticated mammals and reduced halothane and isoflurane anesthetic requirements by approximately 50% of the reduction observed in human beings. PMID- 3918492 TI - The effects of acute bronchoconstriction on respiratory activity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. AB - Attacks of acute airway obstruction often complicate the course of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In asthmatic subjects, bronchospasm triggers an increase in respiratory drive, which results in hyperventilation and hypocapnia. In the present study, we assessed the effects of acute bronchoconstriction induced by aerosolized methacholine on breathing and lung mechanics in 12 patients with stable COPD. Even low doses of methacholine markedly increased airway resistance and caused hyperinflation and decreased inspiratory muscle performance in the patients. Increasing airway obstruction produced a progressive rise in PCO2 despite an increase in minute ventilation. Breathing frequency and average inspiratory flow were greater, but tidal volume decreased because of shortening of the inspiratory duration. The magnitude of CO2 retention during acute bronchoconstriction was inversely related to the changes in tidal volume and inspiratory time (p less than 0.01 for each). In subjects with COPD, the occlusion pressure response to progressive hypercapnia failed to increase during bronchoconstriction. These results show that patients with COPD retain CO2 during acutely increasing airway obstruction induced by bronchoconstriction partly because of a rapid shallow breathing pattern that reduces alveolar ventilation. PMID- 3918493 TI - Redistribution of retained particles. Effect of hyperpnea. AB - We examined the effect of postexposure hyperpnea on clearance of particles deposited in the lungs of adult male beagle dogs. Sedated dogs inhaled an insoluble 67Gg2O3 (T 1/2 = 78 h) aerosol (0.12 micron AMD) for one half hour on three separate occasions. Following aerosol exposures 1 and 2, dogs were assigned to either an eupneic (EUP) or hyperpneic (HYP) group and clearance was followed noninvasively for 9 days by whole body counting and gamma camera analysis. After exposure 2, EUP and HYP assignments were interchanged so that each dog was studied under both conditions. Hyperpnea was induced by housing dogs in an atmosphere of 7% CO2 in air, 6 h per day. Carbon dioxide inhalation increased VE a factor of 3.7 +/- 0.9 (SD). We found that pulmonary clearance was retarded by CO2-stimulated hyperpnea in 7 of 8 dogs. Following aerosol exposure 3, dogs were divided between EUP and HYP and subsequently were killed in pairs at 3 h, 1 day, 3 days, and 7 days. Distribution of activity in body organs was examined, and translocation to the hilar lymph nodes was followed. Both retention distribution and removal of activity by saline lavage were measured in postmortem lungs. The percentage of lavaged activity associated with pulmonary macrophages increased from 44% at 3 h after exposure to 91% at 4 and 7 days after exposure. Examination of dried lung slices by autoradiography showed clearance of particles from airways and formation of a more punctate distribution in the retained activity at increasing times after exposure. Distinctive differences between HYP and EUP dogs were not seen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3918494 TI - Renovascular hypertension complicating neurofibromatosis. AB - Three patients, ages 13 months, 13 years, and 16 years, with renovascular hypertension complicating neurofibromatosis underwent vascular reconstruction with good results. A review of these patients, plus 47 additional patients from the literature, constitutes the basis of this report. The standard intravenous pyelogram revealed abnormalities in only 46 per cent of the patients. Definitive diagnosis required angiography and selective renal vein renin determinations. Unilateral and bilateral lesions were seen with equal frequency. Associated arterial abnormalities were common. Medical treatment and balloon angioplasty failed to control the blood pressure in all patients. Surgical therapy, either nephrectomy or vascular reconstruction, cured or significantly improved 95 per cent of the patients. Although one primary goal of operation is renal salvage, 40 per cent of the patients in this review underwent nephrectomy to control their hypertension. PMID- 3918496 TI - Recent advances in otitis media with effusion. Report of research conference. Fort Lauderdale, May 20-21, 1983. PMID- 3918495 TI - Inefficacy of penicillin V in acute laryngitis in adults. Evaluation from results of double-blind study. AB - Patients with acute laryngitis following an upper respiratory tract infection are often treated with antibiotics for their voice complaints, although, to our knowledge, the effect of such therapy has not been examined. In the present study, comprising 100 adults with laryngitis, the rate of resolution of vocal symptoms, as estimated from voice recordings or subjectively by the patients, was the same in patients who received penicillin V (pcV) as in those who received placebo. Similarly, the degree of rhinorrhea/nasal congestion and cough was not significantly influenced by pcV treatment. At the acute visit, nasopharyngeal cultures revealed Branhamella catarrhalis in 50%, Hemophilus influenzae in 15% and Streptococcus pneumoniae in 1% of the patients; the rate of elimination of these bacteria was the same in the pcV as in the placebo group. Thus, while suggesting that B catarrhalis and H influenzae are important for the pathogenesis of the disorder, our results do not provide support for the use of pcV in acute laryngitis. PMID- 3918497 TI - The mechanism of factor VIII inactivation by human antibodies. II. The effect of factor VIII R: antigen on the rate of interaction. AB - Factor VIII R:Ag by binding to the procoagulant component (VIII:C) inhibits the extent and rate of interaction of human antifactor VIII antibodies with VIII:C. When this reaction is examined under ionic strength conditions (0.24M CaCl) which dissociate the two factor VIII components, the extent of the reaction is increased approximately two fold and the initial rate of interaction is increased three to four fold for both intact IgG antibody and its Fab' derivative. With isolated procoagulant component, increased ionic strength conditions only influence the rate of interaction. These studies further explain the peculiar time-dependence of this interaction. PMID- 3918498 TI - Subunit dissociation and reconstitution of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase from Chromatium vinosum. AB - The large and small subunits of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase from Chromatium vinosum were dissociated and separated at pH 9.6 by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. After further purification by gel filtration, the small subunit fraction contained no carboxylase activity. The large subunit fraction was highly depleted of small subunit based on analysis by denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Carboxylase activity of the large subunit fraction was approximately 1% of the untreated native enzyme. Addition of purified small subunit to the large subunit fraction yielded increases of up to 67-fold in carboxylase activity, further indicating that both subunit types are required for catalysis by this enzyme. The isolated large subunit was fully capable of high affinity activator 14CO2 binding in the presence of Mg2+ and 2-carboxyarabinitol bisphosphate, indicating that the activator and catalytic sites were not grossly denatured by the depletion of small subunit. Kinetic constants of the native C. vinosum enzyme defined a new class of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase, which permits the detection of possible kinetic differences if the large and small subunits can be favorably reassembled with those of another kinetic class. From experiments with the enzymes from tobacco and spinach leaves it is concluded that the enzyme from higher plant sources is not suitable for such dissociation/reconstitution-type experiments. PMID- 3918499 TI - Isolation and characterization of fatty acid-binding protein from rat brain. AB - A fatty acid-binding protein has been identified and isolated from the cytosol fraction of rat brain. The fatty acid-binding protein was purified to homogeneity by gel filtration and preparative isoelectric focusing. The binding protein was different from Z protein from rat liver in its isoelectric point and immunological reactivity, in spite of its similar molecular weight of 12,000. Rabbit antibodies against rat liver Z protein were used to demonstrate that the fatty acid-binding proteins from rat liver and brain are immunologically unrelated, and that no Z protein is present in rat brain cytosol. PMID- 3918500 TI - Galactosylsphingosine inhibition of the broad-specificity cytosolic beta glucosidase of human liver. AB - Glucosylsphingosine is a potent inhibitor of lysosomal glucocerebrosidase and the broad-specificity, cytosolic beta-glucosidase of human liver. In the present study, it was demonstrated that the broad-specificity beta-glucosidase was also inhibited by galactosylsphingosine. The inhibition was observed when the enzyme was assayed for beta-glucosidase, beta-galactosidase, beta-xylosidase, and alpha arabinosidase activities. Inhibition was of the mixed-type and the degree of inhibition depended on the substrate. For example, galactosylsphingosine was a more potent inhibitor of beta-glucosidase activity (I0.5 = 0.3 mM) than beta xylosidase activity (I0.5 = 1.2 mM). In addition, the observation that the broad specificity, cytosolic beta-glucosidase was inhibited by hydrophobic glycosphingolipids prompted the definition of a revised purification procedure which took advantage of hydrophobic affinity chromatography. This revised purification scheme employed Octyl-Sepharose and yielded the largest (68,000 Da) and most active (470,000 nmol h-1 mg protein-1) beta-glucosidase preparation yet described. The beta-glucosidase preparation contained 19% serine and 17% glycine, while 24% of the total amino acids were hydrophobic. The results of this study document the presence of a sphingolipid binding site on the broad-specificity beta-glucosidase. The implications of galactosylsphingosine inhibition of cytosolic beta-glucosidase and the possible role of the enzyme in glycosphingolipid metabolism are discussed. PMID- 3918501 TI - Fatty acid chain elongation by microsomal enzymes from the bovine meibomian gland. AB - The composition of meibomian gland lipids suggested that fatty acid chain elongation might play a major role in the synthesis of such lipids. A fatty acid synthase preparation from the bovine meibomian gland catalyzed the formation of C16 acid and the enzyme was immunologically quite similar to that in the mammary gland. The microsomal fraction from the gland, on the other hand, catalyzed elongation of endogenous fatty acids in the presence of ATP and Mg2+ and of exogenous C18-CoA using malonyl-CoA and NADPH as the preferred reductant. The elongated products, ranging up to C28 in chain length, were found mainly as CoA esters and products derived from them. With C18-CoA as the exogenous primer, the elongation rate was linear with incubation time up to 20 min but the rate changed in a sigmoidal manner with increasing protein concentration. The elongation rate was maximal at a pH around 7.0. Typical Michaelis-Menten-type substrate saturation patterns were observed with both malonyl-CoA and NADPH. From linear double-reciprocal plots, the Km values for the two substrates were calculated to be 52 and 11 microM, respectively, with a V of about 340 pmol min-1 mg protein-1 with respect to malonyl-CoA. Exogenous CoA esters of C16 to C22 fatty acids were elongated to give products up to C28 without exhibiting any preference for the primer. The present elongation system could account for the formation of most of the very long chains found in meibomian lipids. PMID- 3918502 TI - [Current status of clinical results of new antitumor drugs]. AB - This review describes the current clinical results of phase I and II trials of new antitumor drugs such as the new anthracyclines: epirubicin, idarubicin, esorubicin, carminomycin and marcellomycin; the second generation cisplatin: carboplantin, CHIP, TNO-6, DACCP and JM-40; mitoxantrone, AMSA, AZQ, Tiazofurin, DFMO and others. PMID- 3918503 TI - [A fibrin clot containing of anticancer drug for intra-arterial chemo embolization therapy. (1) Experimental study on basic characteristics in dogs]. AB - A new embolus consisting of a fibrin clot containing an anticancer drug (mitomycin-C) was devised. An experimental study was then performed using the new embolus in dogs and several interesting characteristics were observed. The fibrin clot containing mitomycin-C was in a fluid from when infused and its action as an embolus did not occur until it reached a target artery. The fibrin clot containing mitomycin-C formed a mold within of the arteries in which it was embolized and was soluble with urokinase during a ten-hour period. The release of mitomycin-C from the fibrin clot was sustained over sixty hours. The intraarterial occlusion formed by fibrin clot was temporary, and recanalization was observed over forty-eight by hours by both angiography and pathological examination. PMID- 3918504 TI - [A fibrin clot containing of anticancer drug for intra-arterial chemo embolization therapy. (2) Chemotherapeutic effects on a model hepatoma using VX-2 carcinoma in rabbits]. AB - The chemotherapeutic and ischemic effects of a fibrin clot containing mitomycin-C were observed on a model of primary hepatoma using VX-2 carcinoma inoculated in to the subcapsule of the liver of rabbits. The results of antitumor effect suppression of pulmonary and intrahepatic metastases and survival time using the fibrin clot containing mitomycin-C were better than with other treatments, namely a one-shot infusion of MMC or embolization with fibrin clot only. A synergistic antitumor effect was obtained using embolization with the fibrin clot incorporating mitomycin-C. Using direct subcapsular inoculation with a VX-2 carcinoma block a solitary hepatic tumor was obtained which was hypervascular and resembled human primary hepatoma. These results suggested that a fibrin clot containing an anticancer drug is safe a and effective modality for hepatic or other arterial embolization therapies. PMID- 3918505 TI - [Intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy using a subcutaneously implanted silicone reservoir--with reference to the chemotherapy protocol]. AB - Sixty patients with advanced cancers were treated with intraarterial infusion chemotherapy using a subcutaneously implanted silicone reservoir. Forty-five patients received a low dose-intermittent intraarterial infusion chemotherapy employing either combination MFC (MMC 4 mg, 5-FU 500 mg, Ara-C 40 mg) at intervals of two weeks or MMC 4 mg weekly. The results were as follows. (1) Among 30 cases, where objective evaluation of the initial response was possible, partial responses (PR) were observed in 15 cases (50%). (2) No severe complication was observed using this protocol. Only one case out of the 45 needed to discontinue the medication because of bone marrow suppression. (3) Among 28 cases, where follow-up data were available, the average hospital-free interval was 207 days. The average ratio of hospital-free interval to survival period was 56.4%. The results indicate that our method is beneficial as a maintenance chemotherapy for patients with advanced cancers, because it is effective, safer and improves the quality of life. PMID- 3918506 TI - [Effects of combination chemotherapy of MCNU with various anti-cancer agents]. AB - Combination chemotherapy using the water-soluble nitrosourea MCNU with various anti-cancer agents was studied using L1210 leukemia and P388 leukemia. In titration experiments MCNU showed remarkable antitumor effects at doses from 5 mg/kg to 80 mg/kg, producing numbers of 60-day survivors with L1210 leukemia. In L1210 leukemia, respective combinations of MCNU with the antimetabolites, MTX, 6 MP, 6-TG, MCNU, 5-FU and Cyclo-C showed enhanced antitumor effects. MCNU combined with each of ADR, MMC and CPM also showed marked anti-tumor effects with 60-day survivors. In P388 leukemia MCNU combined with each of ADR, MMC, VDS and CPM produced strong anti-tumor effects with numbers of 60-day survivors. In the results of these combinations, especially the combinations of MCNU + 5-FU in L1210 leukemia and MCNU + CPM in both L1210 and P388 leukemia, a significant increase in mean survival time was achieved. These combinations also produced many 60-day survivors which were considered to be due to the synergistic antitumor effects of the combined drugs. PMID- 3918507 TI - [5-FU concentration in blood and tissue of patients with renal cell carcinoma after administration of UFT]. AB - UFT (3 capsules; 300mg FT) was administered to five of 10 patients with renal cell carcinoma, and concentrations of FT, 5-FU and uracil in the serum and tissues (normal renal tissues, renal tumor tissues and liver) were determined 5.2 hours on average, after administration. The levels were also compared with these in the five patients administered 300 mg of FT. There was no difference in FT concentration between the serum and the tissues in the group administered UFT, but the concentration of 5-FU in tumor tissues was significantly higher (25.6 times) than that in the serum. The level was also higher (3.2 times) than that in normal renal tissues. There was a positive correlation between the concentration of 5-FU in the tissues and the concentration of uracil in the tissues. Although there was no difference in the concentration of FT between serum and tissues in patients administered UFT or FT, the concentration of 5-FU in patients administered UFT was definitely higher than that in patients administered FT; the concentration of 5-FU in the tumor tissues of patients given UFT was 3.9 times higher than in those given FT. Thus, UFT induced a concentration of 5-FU in tumor tissues that was maintained at a high level, suggesting that an excellent antitumor effect on renal cell carcinoma can be expected with UFT. PMID- 3918508 TI - [Clinical study of UFT in renal cell carcinoma]. AB - A clinical study of UFT, a mixture of FT and uracil in a molar ratio of 1 : 4, was conducted on 12 patients with renal cell carcinoma. UFT was continuously administered at doses of 300, 400 or 600 mg per day. CR was recorded in 2 patients, PR in 2, NC in 7 and PD in 2, respectively. The overall response rate was 33.3%. Concerning side effects, 2 of the 12 patients suffered from anorexia and stomatitis, but no hepatic disorders or bone marrow suppression was observed. We concluded that UFT therapy was effective for renal cell carcinoma. PMID- 3918509 TI - [A cooperative study of alternating immunochemotherapy with futraful and PSK (second report)--3-year survival rate]. AB - Patients who had undergone gastrectomy for stomach cancer were placed on adjuvant chemotherapy two weeks after surgery. They were divided into three groups according to the following regimen in order to compare the 3-year survival rate : in the first group, administration of futraful was carried out for 3 consecutive months and followed by administration of PSK for 2 consecutive months. This course was repeated for more than 2 courses. Administration of futraful in the second group was repeated for 3 consecutive months with 2 months of withdrawal and repeated for more than 2 courses. The third group received surgery alone. When all the patients of each group were compared, there was no difference in 3 year survival rate, but the group receiving alternating therapy with futraful and PSK showed a significantly high survival rate for the first year only. Further, among patients having stage III carcinoma, those with n2 + n3 or poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma had a remarkably high survival rate. PMID- 3918510 TI - [Results of phase III study of lentinan]. AB - A follow-up survey of survivals (Oct. 1 '80 to May 1, '84) in a randomized controlled study (Aug. '79 to Sept. 30' 80) of lentinan in combination administration with chemotherapeutic agents such as 5FU + mitomycin C or tegafur on patients with advanced or recurrent gastrointestinal cancer has shown that lentinan has been effective in such cases with regard to the following facts: 1) A life span prolongation effect at the end-point has been observed with statistical significance in lentinan treated patients as was found in the phase III study. 2) Using the life table analysis method, a higher rate of survival has been observed in the lentinan treated group, especially in combination with tegafur for gastric cancer, clearly showing such high survival rates as 12.97% (P less than 0.05) at two years after, and 9.51% (P less than 0.05) and 3.81%, at three and four years after respectively, and for colorectal cancer, 9.10% and 4.55% at two years and three years after, respectively. PMID- 3918511 TI - Medical management of raised intracranial pressure after severe birth asphyxia. AB - The effects of dexamethasone and 20% mannitol infusion in reducing raised intracranial pressure were assessed in severely asphyxiated newborn infants. Intracranial pressure was measured continuously by a percutaneously placed subarachnoid catheter, and cerebral perfusion pressure was calculated from this and blood pressure data. Dexamethasone treatment, assessed in seven infants, produced an overall fall in intracranial pressure which was sustained for at least six hours, but this was coincident with a simultaneous reduction in systemic blood pressure with no change in the cerebral perfusion pressure. Mannitol, studied on nine occasions, produced a fall in intracranial pressure in each case, together with an overall rise in cerebral perfusion pressure 60 minutes after starting the infusion; this was sustained for a further four hours. We can find little to support the routine use of dexamethasone in severe perinatal asphyxia but mannitol infusion seems of value in treating raised intracranial pressure associated with cerebral oedema. PMID- 3918512 TI - Immunocytoma of the skin simulating lymphadenosis benigna cutis. AB - We report a case of primary cutaneous lymphoma, of the lymphoplasmacytoid type (immunocytoma), in which a small neoplastic component was obscured by a dominating reaction exhibiting characteristic features of lymphadenosis benigna cutis. This abnormal cell population was identified because of the unusual cytomorphology of the tumor cells, which showed deeply indented nuclei in combination with a distinctly plasmacytic cytoplasm. Monoclonality was revealed by the cytoplasmic positively of the tumor cells for lambda chains only. This case strongly suggests that in at least a number of cases of lymphadenosis benigna cutis, a low-grade malignant lymphoma may be present. PMID- 3918513 TI - Clinical experience with the use of two diphosphonates in the treatment of Paget's disease. AB - The effects of EHDP (20 mg/kd/day) and APD (4.5 mg/kg/day) given for three months to patients with severe symptomatic Paget's disease have been compared in an open trial of 17 patients. Both drugs were equally effective in producing a prompt reduction in pair scores, urine hydroxyproline, and serum alkaline phosphatase levels. The remission was maintained for a variable period after stopping treatment. Both drugs were well tolerated, and a one-month course of either drug was not effective. Comparison with published responses from previous studies indicates that EHDP given at this dose as a relatively short course is more effective than a lower dose for a longer period of time; the present study does not suggest that APD has significant advantages. PMID- 3918514 TI - Surgical streams in the flow of health care financing. The role of surgery in national expenditures: what costs are controllable? AB - The dollar flow in United States medical care has been analyzed in terms of a six level model; this model and the gross 1981 flow data are set forth. Of the estimated $310 billion expended in 1981, it is estimated that $85-$95 billion was the "surgical stream", i.e., that amount expended to take care of surgical patients at a variety of institutional types and including ambulatory care and surgeons' fees. Some of the determinants of surgical flow are reviewed as well as controllable costs and case mix pressures. Surgical complications, when severe, increase routine operative costs by a factor of 8 to 20. Maintenance of high quality in American surgery, despite new manpower pressures, is the single most important factor in cost containment. By voluntary or imposed controls on fees, malpractice premiums, case mix selection, and hospital utilization, a saving of $2.0-$4.0 billion can be seen as reachable and practical. This is five per cent of the surgical stream and is a part of the realistic "achievable" savings of total flow estimated to be about +15 billion or 5 per cent. PMID- 3918515 TI - Tube gastrostomy. Techniques and complications. AB - For prolonged gastrointestinal decompression or enteral nutrition, gastrostomies are preferable to nasogastric tubes. To assess the safety of tube gastrostomy, the authors reviewed 424 gastrostomies systematically selected from a total of 3,359 done from 1975 through 1980. Feeding gastrostomies composed 22% of the total; the remaining 78% were done for decompression. Complications were rare (6.6% major, 6.6% minor) and were not influenced by patients' age. Perioperative steroid therapy promoted laparotomy wound infections. External and internal leakage of stomach contents, as well as bleeding from the gastrostomy site, were independent of the method of gastrostomy and the type of catheter used. Feeding gastrostomies were more likely to leak internally than were decompression gastrostomies. Unless the gastrostomy site was sutured to the anterior abdominal wall, there was a 7% incidence of extravasation of stomach contents into the peritoneal cavity after removal of the tube. The low complication rate justifies use of gastrostomies as an alternative to prolonged nasogastric intubation. Problems are minimized by employing the Stamm technique with a straight catheter and anterior gastropexy. PMID- 3918516 TI - Cerebral air embolism resulting from invasive medical procedures. Treatment with hyperbaric oxygen. AB - The introduction of air into the venous or arterial circulation can cause cerebral air embolism, leading to severe neurological deficit or death. Air injected into the arterial circulation may have direct access to the cerebral circulation. A patent foramen ovale provides a right-to-left shunt for venous air to embolize to the cerebral arteries. The ability of the pulmonary vasculature to filter air may be exceeded by bolus injections of large amounts of air. Sixteen patients underwent hyperbaric oxygen therapy for cerebral air embolism. Neurological symptoms included focal motor deficit, changes in sensorium, and visual and sensory deficits. Eight patients (50%) had complete relief of symptoms as a result of hyperbaric treatment, five (31%) had partial relief, and three patients (19%) had no benefit, two of whom died. The treatment of cerebral air embolism with hyperbaric oxygen is based upon mechanical compression of air bubbles to a much smaller size and the delivery of high doses of oxygen to ischemic brain tissue. PMID- 3918517 TI - Prevention of acute tubular necrosis in cadaveric kidney transplantation by the combined use of mannitol and moderate hydration. AB - Recent studies have indicated that maximal hydration of the transplant recipient can substantially reduce the incidence of acute tubular necrosis (ATN). However, this policy requires invasive hemodynamic monitoring, prolonged mechanical ventilation, and bears the risk of overhydration. In a prospective trial we studied the incidence of ATN in recipients of cadaveric kidneys after restricted fluid infusion (Group 1, N = 21), after restricted fluid infusion along with 250 ml of mannitol 20% (Group 2, N = 19), and after a moderate hydration policy together with 250 ml mannitol 20% (Group 3; N = 21). Donor- and preoperative recipient parameters were comparable in all three groups. The total amount of fluid administered and the incidence of ATN were as follows: Group 1-1059 +/- 371 ml and 43%; Group 2-1548 +/- 622 ml and 53%; and Group 3-2529 +/- 675 ml and 4.8%. The moderate hydration policy in Group 3 resulted in a significantly higher peroperative systolic blood pressure compared to Groups 1 and 2. We did not observe any problems related to overhydration. The reduction of ATN incidence led to a substantial decrease in the number of hemodialysis treatments, radionuclide scans, ultrasound investigations, transplant biopsies, and rejection episodes in the first 3 months after transplantation. It is concluded that moderate fluid administration of 2.5 liters during the transplant procedure together with infusion of 250 ml of mannitol 20% immediately before vessel clamp release reduces the incidence of postoperative ATN below five per cent. The procedure is safe, simple, and does not require invasive hemodynamic monitoring. PMID- 3918518 TI - Ionescu-Shiley pericardial xenografts: follow-up of up to 6 years. AB - The results of valve replacement with the Ionescu-Shiley pericardial xenograft compare favorably with results obtained with other bioprostheses. From March, 1977, to July, 1983, 497 Ionescu-Shiley pericardial valves were implanted in 463 patients at the University of Ottawa Heart Institute. There were 292 patients who had aortic valve replacement (AVR), 140 with mitral valve replacement (MVR), 28 with double valve replacement, and 3 with triple valve replacement. The survivors were followed regularly. Actuarial analysis of late results indicates an expected survival of 71% at 6 years for patients who underwent AVR and 72% at 3 years for patients who had MVR. The only valve-related deaths were due to endocarditis, which occurred at a rate of 3.9% per patient-year for aortic valves and 0.6% per patient-year for mitral valves. Despite a low usage of formal anticoagulation, embolic complications occurred at a rate of 1.4% per patient-year for aortic valves and 4.0% per patient-year for mitral valves. Five valves were removed for intrinsic failure after 36 to 72 months of follow-up. New York Heart Association Functional Class improved an average of 1.28 classes per patient. PMID- 3918519 TI - Ethics, law, and nutritional support. PMID- 3918520 TI - Legal aspects of withdrawing nourishment from an incurably ill patient. PMID- 3918521 TI - Against the emerging stream. Should fluids and nutritional support be discontinued? PMID- 3918522 TI - Risk stratification. A cost-effective approach to the treatment of patients with chest pain. PMID- 3918523 TI - Diagnostic value of kidney biopsy in heterozygous Fabry's disease. AB - We studied a case of abnormal renal pathologic findings in a female patient that were suggestive of Fabry's disease. Except for corneal clouding, no other clinical findings were consistent with this diagnosis. The serum and urinary enzyme levels were all within normal limits; the ceramide trihexoside level was slightly increased in the urine. We examined the pathologic changes in the context of the present knowledge of renal lesions in storage diseases. PMID- 3918524 TI - Diagnostic Related Groups (DRGs) and rehab medicine in the Veterans Administration. PMID- 3918525 TI - Day hospital service in rehabilitation medicine: an evaluation. AB - The purpose of this study was to evaluate Day Hospital care in rehabilitation medicine as an alternative to intensive inpatient care. The study design called for two groups of randomly selected patients who met all admission criteria for intensive inpatient rehabilitation, who had Medicare or Medicaid insurance coverage, and who had a responsible other person living in the home. Those in the Day Hospital group were sent home after a short period of family training and then were taken to the hospital for treatment five days a week. The control group remained in the hospital on the rehabilitation service as inpatients and received the routine care provided to all other inpatients on that service. Data on utilization of health services, both during and after rehabilitation, cost of services, medical, functional, psychologic and social outcomes were collected for all study participants and analyzed. Findings showed no essential difference between the two groups in physical or functional outcome; however at full capacity with the research costs removed, the Day Hospital method proved the more cost effective. PMID- 3918526 TI - Detection and prevalence of serotypes of feline syncytial spumaviruses. AB - Three serotypes of feline syncytial virus (FSV) were detected by neutralisation tests: 906, a serotype of low prevalence and 702 and 951 which were serotypes of higher prevalence, between which a minor one-way antigenic difference was detected. Serum antibody in naturally-infected cats in some cases neutralised 951 but not 702 or 906 which suggested that 951 could be considered as a major distinct serotype. An increase in prevalence of antibody to FSV in cats over a 5 year period from 1977-1981 was detected by neutralisation, agar gel immunodiffusion, and fluorescent antibody techniques. Over the 5 year period the prevalence of antibody to the 951 serotype increased and the overall increase in prevalence of antibody to FSV during this period appeared to relate to dissemination of the 951 serotype. PMID- 3918527 TI - Some properties of a liver protein that activates glycogen synthase b. AB - A soluble protein has been identified in rat liver that increases the activity of glycogen synthase without causing synthase b to a conversion. The effect of the activator is to increase synthase b activity in the presence of saturating amounts of UDP-Glc and Glc-6-P. The activator is heat sensitive and does not have protease activity. The effect of the activator is linearly proportional to the amount assayed to a saturable level and its effect is not mimicked by other proteins associated with the control of glycogen metabolism (e.g., phosphorylase). PMID- 3918528 TI - Amino acid sequence of an invertebrate FBP aldolase (from Drosophila melanogaster). AB - The complete amino acid sequence of FBP aldolase from Drosophila melanogaster has been determined. The enzyme contains four identical subunits of 360 amino acid residues. The primary structure of the monomer was established using automated Edman degradation on fragments prepared by CNBr-cleavage, by partial acid cleavage at the unique Asp-Pro bond and by oxidative cleavage at the three tryptophan residues. Manual Edman-Chang degradation was used on smaller peptides obtained by digestion with Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease, trypsin or chymotrypsin. The primary structure of Drosophila aldolase exhibits very extensive homology with the sequence of rabbit muscle aldolase (71% identity), thus explaining the early observation that Drosophila and mammalian aldolases form active interspecies hybrid quaternary structures (Brenner-Holzach, O. and Leuthardt, F., Eur. J. Biochem. (1972) 31, 423-426). PMID- 3918529 TI - Isolation of inhibin from bovine follicular fluid. AB - Bovine follicular fluid was used as a source for the isolation of gonadal inhibin, the activity of which was monitored by the dose dependent suppression of the FSH content of cultured pituitary cells. The procedures presented result in over 3000-fold purification of the starting material and the purified inhibin has an apparent molecular weight of 56000. The purified inhibin can be dissociated under reducing conditions into two subunits with molecular weights of 44000 and 14000 daltons. PMID- 3918530 TI - Quantitation and significance of 125I-calmodulin binding to myosin light chain kinase and phosphorylase distributed on polyacrylamide gels. AB - Glycogen phosphorylase (a or b) binds 125I-calmodulin in a Ca2+-dependent manner, in the 125I-calmodulin overlay technique. This binding is quantitatively identical to 125I-calmodulin binding to myosin light chain kinase. In an in vitro assay, calmodulin stimulates phosphorylase activity at limiting concentrations of either glucose-1-phosphate or glycogen, but the Ka is 1000 fold higher than for the kinase, and is not Ca2+-dependent. Activation of phosphorylase, but not myosin light chain kinase, by calmodulin can be mimicked by troponin C or bovine serum albumin. These results demonstrate that the properties of calmodulin interaction with proteins can vary between the 125I-calmodulin technique and a functional assay of calmodulin effect on the same protein. PMID- 3918531 TI - Cyclosporin A inhibits biological effects of tumor promoting phorbol esters. AB - The antilymphocytic and antiphlogistic agent cyclosporin A (CsA) inhibits in vivo various effects induced by the tumor promoting phorbol ester 12-0 tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). These include the edema of the mouse ear, the alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity and the ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity in mouse epidermis as well as the generation of a specific arachidonic acid (AA) metabolite in mouse epidermis. AA metabolism in an epidermal cell-free system of mouse epidermis was not suppressed by CsA. According to thin layer chromatography the TPA-induced and as yet unidentified AA metabolite exhibits a polarity between that of 5-HETE and 12-/15-HETE. Studies with inhibitors indicate it to be a lipoxygenase product. PMID- 3918532 TI - Irreversible inhibition of carbonic anhydrase by the carbon dioxide analog cyanogen. AB - Cyanogen (C2N2), a molecule with properties remarkably similar to carbon dioxide, differentially inhibits three of the four carbonic anhydrases reported here. Bovine carbonic anhydrase II shows 97% loss of esterase activity with no concommitant loss in hydratase activity. The hydratase and esterase activities of human carbonic anhydrase I are decreased by 80% and 55% respectively. Canine carbonic anhydrase shows similar results to human carbonic anhydrase I, retaining 29% hydratase and 62% esterase activity. Rabbit carbonic anhydrase sustained no loss of either hydratase or esterase activity. This inhibition occurs by an irreversible modification of the enzymes. The kinetic parameters for modified and unmodified enzymes were altered in a way that reflects the characteristic effect for each carbonic anhydrase. PMID- 3918533 TI - Effects of calcium antagonists and calmodulin inhibitors on angiotensin II induced prostaglandin productions in the isolated dog renal arteries. AB - Angiotensin II markedly potentiated both PGE2 and PGI2 productions in the isolated dog renal arteries. This angiotensin II-induced response was significantly reduced by the treatments of EGTA and calcium antagonists such as verapamil, nifedipine and 8-(N,N'-diethylamino)-octyl-3,4,5,-trimethoxybenzoate (TMB-8). Calmodulin inhibitors, trifluoperazine and W-7 also inhibited the angiotensin II-induced PG productions while an inactive analogue of W-7, W-5 did not have any effect. The results suggest that angiotensin II may enhance the intracellular Ca2+ level through the influx of extracellular Ca2+ and then, calmodulin activated with Ca2+ will stimulate both PGE2 and PGI2 productions via its activation of phospholipase A2 in the dog renal arteries. PMID- 3918534 TI - Effect of oral treatment with a new hypoglycemic agent, AS-6, on the metabolic activities of adipocytes in db/db mice: a comparative study. AB - The mechanism of a new hypoglycemic agent, AS-6, was comparatively studied using the adipocytes from AS-6 treated and untreated genetically obese diabetic mice, db/db. the db/db mice were treated for 1 week with a diet admixture of AS-6 (0.1%). The treatment resulted in the following alterations in metabolic activities; AS-6 treatment increased 125I-insulin binding by 1.4-3.3 fold over the insulin range of 1-1000 microU/ml, the treatment increased the basal activities in 2-deoxyglucose uptake, and in CO2 generation and lipogenesis from U (14C)-glucose compared with the db/db controls, the treatment partially restored insulin responsiveness in 2-DG uptake and CO2 generation, and 1 mU/ml of insulin greatly stimulated lipogenesis by 5.6 fold above the basal in the control adipocytes while AS-6 treatment changed the lipogenic response less stimulative to the insulin. The results suggest that AS-6 treatment significantly increases insulin binding to the adipocytes associating with an enhancement in glucose metabolism under basal and physiological concentrations of insulin. PMID- 3918535 TI - A human neuroblastoma cell line with a stable ornithine decarboxylase in vivo and in vitro. AB - A human neuroblastoma cell line (Paju) grew in 10 mM difluoromethyl-ornithine, which at this concentration normally stops the growth of all mammalian cells. Ornithine decarboxylase from Paju was resistant to inhibition in vitro by difluoromethylornithine, and required 10 microM of the compound for 50% inhibition, whereas ornithine decarboxylase from SH-SY5Y cells (another human neuroblastoma) and from rat liver needed only 0.5 microM difluoromethylornithine. Paju ornithine decarboxylase also exhibited a long half-life (over eight hours) in vivo. The half-life of immunoreactive protein was significantly longer than that of the activity. The long half-life of ornithine decarboxylase in Paju cells leads to its accumulation to a specific activity of 2000 nmol/mg of protein per 30 min during rapid growth (the corresponding activity in SH-SY5Y cells was about 2.5). When partially purified ornithine decarboxylase from Paju cells was incubated with rat liver microsomes it was inactivated with a half-life of 75 min. This inactivation was accompanied by a fall in the amount of immunoreactive protein. In the same inactivating system partially purified SH-SY5Y ornithine decarboxylase had a half-life of 38 min and its half-life in vivo was 50 min. The corresponding values for rat liver ornithine decarboxylase were 45 min and 40 min, respectively. Rat liver microsomes also inactivated rat liver adenosylmethionine decarboxylase. These results suggest that Paju ornithine decarboxylase has an altered molecular conformation, rendering it resistant to (i) difluoromethylornithine and (ii) proteolytic degradation both in vivo and in vitro. PMID- 3918537 TI - Regulation of renal cytochrome P-450. Effects of two-thirds hepatectomy, cholestasis, biliary cirrhosis and post-necrotic cirrhosis on hepatic and renal microsomal enzymes. AB - The possibility of a relationship between hepatic and renal cytochrome P-450 contents was assessed in rats with liver disease. In rats killed 3 days after two thirds hepatectomy (a model for hepatocellular insufficiency), the total microsomal cytochrome P-450 content of the whole liver was decreased by 60% as compared to that in control rats; renal cytochrome P-450 was increased by 30% while the 7-ethoxycoumarin deethylase activity of kidney microsomes was increased by 80%. In rats killed 7 days after bile duct ligation (a model for cholestasis) or 35 days after bile duct ligation (a model for biliary cirrhosis), hepatic cytochrome P-450 was decreased by 60% and 45%, respectively, while renal cytochrome P-450 content was increased by 50% and 150%, respectively. In contrast, in rats killed 15 days after the last dose of carbon tetrachloride, 1.3 ml/kg twice weekly for 3 months (a model for post-necrotic cirrhosis), both hepatic and renal cytochrome P-450 contents remained unchanged. Phenobarbital (80 mg/kg daily for 3 days) was a poor inducer of renal cytochrome P-450 in sham operated rats but became a potent inducer of renal cytochrome P-450 in rats with two-thirds hepatectomy. We conclude that renal cytochrome P-450 is increased in three models in which hepatic cytochrome P-450 contents are decreased (two-thirds hepatectomy, cholestasis and biliary cirrhosis), but remains unchanged in a model of severe liver pathology, in which hepatic cytochrome P-450 content is not modified (late, post-necrotic cirrhosis). The hypothetical role of endogenous inducer(s) is discussed. PMID- 3918536 TI - Prostaglandins and human platelet aggregation. Implications for the anti aggregating activity of thromboxane-synthase inhibitors. AB - Selective pharmacological blockade of thromboxane-synthase in human platelets by dazoxiben resulted in the reorientation of cyclic-endoperoxides towards PGE2, PGD2 and PGF2 alpha. At concentrations which can be reached when thromboxane synthase is inhibited, PGE2 (100-500 nM) exerted a marked, concentration dependent pro-aggregatory effect. This required the formation of endogenous or the addition of exogenous endoperoxides and was prevented by PGD2 or 13-aza prostanoic acid, a selective antagonist of PGH2/TxA2 receptors. The anti aggregating effect of PGD2 was evident at concentrations lower than those obtained in dazoxiben-treated platelets. It is proposed that in the absence of TxA2 generation, a combination of endoperoxides and PGE2 may result in normal aggregation. The latter may be inhibited by PGD2. No interference of PGF2 alpha on platelet function could be shown. PMID- 3918538 TI - Solubilisation, purification and reconstitution of hepatic microsomal azoreductase activity. AB - Microsomal NADPH-cytochrome c (P-450) reductase and cytochrome P-450 were purified from the livers of phenobarbitone-treated rats. Purified NADPH cytochrome c (P-450) reductase effected the NADPH-dependent reduction of FMN and FAD under anaerobic conditions in a non-enzymic manner, but was unable to reduce directly the azo dye, amaranth. In the presence of FMN, the purified reductase effected reduction of amaranth through the production of reduced FMN. Incorporation of NADPH-cytochrome c (P-450) reductase into the microsomal fraction increased the azoreductase activity of liver preparations from phenobarbitone-treated rats, but had no effect on azoreductase activity in preparations from control animals. Azoreductase activity was reconstituted into dilauroyl phosphatidylcholine vesicles containing purified cytochrome P-450 and purified NADPH-cytochrome c (P-450) reductase. In the absence of supplementary FMN, amaranth reduction was completely dependent upon all three components, but in the presence of FMN, the omission of any one component failed to abolish completely azoreductase activity. PMID- 3918540 TI - Effect of pentylenetetrazol on carbaryl-induced changes in striatal catecholamines. AB - Administration of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) (60 mg/kg, s.c.) to normal or carbaryl (200 mg/kg, p.o.) treated adult male albino rats produced characteristic changes in the steady-state levels of striatal dopamine (DA), noradrenaline (NA) and homovanillic acid (HVA) at different time intervals (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 hr). The elevation of striatal NA level was found to be more pronounced with PTZ than that produced by carbaryl. Treatment of rats with PTZ alone caused a significant elevation of DA levels only at 2.0 hr without any significant change in the level of HVA at any time interval. Carbaryl which did not have any significant effect on striatal DA level produced an elevation of HVA at 0.5 hr and 1.0 hr in striatum. The simultaneous administration of PTZ and carbaryl, under similar conditions, caused a marked reduction in the level of NA at 0.5 hr and DA at 1.0 hr without any significant effect on (i) both the amine levels at 2.0 hr and (ii) HVA level at any of the time intervals. Measurement of (a) alpha-methyl-p tyrosine (alpha-MpT) (250 mg/kg, i.p.) induced depletion of striatal DA and NA, (b) FLA-63 (25 mg/kg, i.p.) induced disappearance of NA, (c) pargyline (75 mg/kg, i.p.) induced reduction and probenecid (200 mg/kg, i.p.) induced accumulation of striatal HVA in the presence or absence of PTZ and/or carbaryl revealed that: (1) PTZ or carbaryl alone caused a significant increase in the turnover of striatal DA; (2) the turnover of striatal NA was significantly increased after PTZ treatment but not after carbaryl administration; (3) the simultaneous administration of carbaryl and PTZ, on the other hand, attenuated (a) PTZ- or carbaryl-induced increase in metabolic activity of the striatal dopaminergic system, and (b) the enhanced anabolic activity of striatal noradrenergic system caused by PTZ, but failed to affect the enhanced utilization of striatal NA induced by PTZ alone. PMID- 3918539 TI - 5'-Deoxy-5'-methylthioadenosine phosphorylase--III. Role of the enzyme in the metabolism and action of 5'-halogenated adenosine analogs. AB - 5'-Deoxy-5'-halogenated adenosines are alternative substrates for 5'-deoxy-5' methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAPase), an enzyme responsible for the metabolism of 5'-deoxy-5'-methylthioadenosine (MTA), a by-product of polyamine biosynthesis. The relative reactivity of these nucleosides with MTAPase from HL 60 human promyelocytic leukemia cells is MTA greater than 5'-deoxy-5' fluoroadenosine (5'-FlAdo) greater than 5'-chloro-5'-deoxyadenosine (5'-ClAdo) greter than 5'-bromo-5'-deoxyadenosine (5'-BrAdo) greater than 5'-deoxy-5' iodoadenosine (5'-IAdo). In MTAPase-containing cells, the adenine released from the 5'-halogenated adenosine was incorporated into adenine nucleotide pools; cleavage by (MTAPase appeared to be the rate-limiting step in this process. 5' BrAdo and 5'-IAdo were growth inhibitors (EC50 values less than 10 microM) of MTAPase-containing cell lines (HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia and the L5178Y murine lymphoblastic leukemia) but were much less active (EC50 values greater than 65 microM) against MTAPase-deficient cell lines (the CCRF-CEM human T cell leukemia and the L1210 murine leukemia). The full cytotoxicity of these compounds, therefore, appeared to be related to their phosphorolysis by MTAPase. Indirect evidence suggests that 5-halogenated ribose-1-phosphate derivatives of 5'-BrAdo or 5'-IAdo produced by the MTAPase reaction were the active metabolites of these 5'-halogenated adenosines. PMID- 3918541 TI - Comparison of glycine metabolism in mouse lymphoma cells either sensitive or resistant to L-asparaginase. AB - Previous work suggested a relationship between glycine metabolism and the effect of L-asparaginase upon tumor cells. Therefore, L5178Y (sensitive) or L5178Y/L-ASE (resistant) ascites lymphoma cells were incubated with 14C-labeled glyoxylate, glycine, serine, or asparagine, and the metabolism to other amino acids was measured by high performance liquid chromatography. Metabolic differences between the two cells lines were found. Under control conditions, the interconversion rate of glycine and serine via serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT) was higher in sensitive than in resistant cells. The transformation rate of glyoxylate to serine was also higher in sensitive cells. These results may indicate a difference in the activity of SHMT. An alternate explanation would be that transport or diffusion of serine and glycine into sensitive cells is greater than into resistant cells. Several crucial metabolic differences were observed between the two cell types when L-asparaginase was added. A key difference is the decrease of glycine synthesis from glyoxylate observed in the sensitive cells compared to resistant cells which show no change. This suggests that asparagine is used for transamination of glyoxylate. Also, only sensitive cells appear to compensate for L-asparaginase-induced loss of glycine formation from glyoxylate by increasing glycine synthesis from serine. Alterations in sensitive tumor glycine metabolism may be an important function of L-asparaginase anticancer activity. PMID- 3918543 TI - Immunohistochemical studies of interleukin-2 and gamma-interferon in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Synovial tissues were studied, using immunofluorescence techniques, for localization of lymphocytic infiltrates and immune reactants, including C3, C5b 9, C9, and Ia antigen. Tissue distribution of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and gamma interferon was also determined, using mouse monoclonal antibodies. IL-2 was found in association with OKT8 and OKT4 T cells, and gamma-interferon was noted in association with T cells, B cells, and macrophages. Staining both for IL-2 and for gamma-interferon was surprisingly faint in view of the intensity of lymphocytic infiltration. PMID- 3918542 TI - Plasma follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and sex hormones in patients with gout. AB - Plasma levels of follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, testosterone, progesterone, 17 beta-estradiol, and cortisol were examined in normal subjects and gout patients under baseline conditions and after clomiphene stimulation. A significant decrease in follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and 17 beta-estradiol was observed both in male and female gout patients; in the same patients, the plasma testosterone: 17 beta-estradiol ratio was found to be significantly higher than in control subjects. The changes observed suggest a possible role played by 17 beta-estradiol in the regulation of purine biosynthesis and uric acid metabolism. PMID- 3918544 TI - Arthroscopy in septic arthritis. Lidocaine- and iodine-containing contrast media are bacteriostatic. AB - Puncture of septic foci is usually performed to determine the responsible bacteria. If contrast medium is used instead of saline to rinse the lesion and to withdraw an adequate bacteriologic specimen, the opacification provides valuable information about the extent of the changes. Since lidocaine is usually used as a local anesthetic when patients undergo this procedure, we tested the in vitro antibacterial effects of lidocaine 1%, as well as those of 2 contrast media- meglumine amidotrizoate and metrizamide--on several bacteria. In particular, we looked at the influence of the concentration of inoculum used and the duration of contact before culture. The contrast media did not significantly affect bacterial growth when contact before culture did not exceed 3 hours. In contrast, lidocaine had a significant antibacterial effect, indicating that it should not enter into contact with the bacteriologic specimen. PMID- 3918545 TI - Diagnosis-related group regulations. Implications for the practicing rheumatologist. AB - Data from our university hospital on the 2 most common rheumatologic diseases that require hospitalization indicate that total charges for patients admitted with rheumatoid arthritis or systemic lupus erythematosus break down as follows: room, board, and nursing, 55%; tests/procedures, 30%; drugs, 5%; physical and occupational therapy, 5%; and miscellaneous, 5%. Thus, shortening the length of stay would be the most effective mechanism to reduce total charges. We also found marked heterogeneity in the single diagnosis-related group containing rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus inpatients under 70 years old who had no comorbid conditions. Planners should be sensitive to this as prospective reimbursement is extended beyond Medicare patients. PMID- 3918546 TI - Nucleolar localization of the PM-Scl antigen. PMID- 3918547 TI - Venous and arterial blood gases during and after cardiopulmonary resuscitation in dogs. AB - This study was undertaken to characterize blood gas, pH, and lactate changes during and after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in arterial and venous samples. Blood samples were withdrawn from the brachial artery, aortic arch, pulmonary artery, coronary sinus, and either the right or left cardiac ventricle of 24 anesthetized dogs. Ventricular fibrillation (VF) was induced electrically, and mechanical CPR was begun. Blood samples were withdrawn before CPR, at 2, 5, 7, and 9 minutes during CPR, and at 1, 3, 10, 30, and 60 minutes after defibrillation. Control arterial and venous samples indicated mild metabolic acidosis. During CPR, there was a significant arteriovenous difference in pH, PCO2, and PO2. With ventilation onset, arterial pH increased 0.25 units, PCO2 decreased 22 mm Hg, and PO2 increased 200 mm Hg. Venous blood gases exhibited gradual changes during the CPR period. With the re-establishment of circulation and spontaneous respirations, both the arterial and venous pH levels decreased to nearly 7.1, and PCO2 approached 40 mm Hg. Lactate increased to 32 mg/dl during 9 minutes of CPR and did not significantly differ after defibrillation. Blood gases and pH returned to control values within an hour. This study suggests that arterial blood gases are sensitive to rapid changes occurring in the pulmonary capillary bed, while venous blood gases reflect changes occurring in the systemic capillary bed. PMID- 3918548 TI - Expired PCO2 as an index of coronary perfusion pressure. AB - Presently, there is no reliable noninvasive method of assessing the adequacy of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Studies of animals have shown that during prolonged arrest the coronary perfusion pressure (CPP) is correlated with successful resuscitation. During previous studies it appeared that expired PCO2 correlated with CPP. To investigate this relationship, eight mongrel dogs (mean weight, 22.7 +/- 5.8 kg) were anesthetized with pentobarbital. Catheters were placed in the thoracic aorta and right atrium of each dog. Each animal was electrically fibrillated, and CPR was started using mechanical resuscitator. The PCO2 was determined at end expiration using a Hewlett Packard 47210A Capnometer with the electrode attached to the endotracheal tube. After 10, 15, 20, or 25 minutes of ventricular fibrillation and closed-chest massage, a thoracotomy was performed, and internal massage was begun. Coronary perfusion pressure was calculated at least each minute and correlated with the PCO2 values. A correlation coefficient of 0.78 was calculated based on 368 data points for eight dogs (P less than 0.01). The results of this study indicate that expired PCO2 is positively correlated with CPP in the canine model of CPR. Inasmuch as CPP correlates with survival in prolonged CPR, the noninvasive measurement of PCO2 may be a useful method of assessing the adequacy of CPR. PMID- 3918549 TI - [Intermittent use of an oral catheter for feeding dysphagic children]. PMID- 3918550 TI - [Combination of sodium valproate and clonazepam in the treatment of symptomatic West syndrome and Lennox syndrome]. PMID- 3918551 TI - Use of nitroglycerine to produce controlled decreases in mean arterial pressure to less than 50 mm Hg. AB - The cardiovascular effects of nitroglycerine (TNG) were studied in 30 patients requiring controlled hypotension for intracranial aneurysm surgery. In patients "resistant" to TNG (n = 9), sodium nitroprusside (SNP) was used to supplement the TNG. With TNG alone at a total dose of 31 mg and a mean hypotension duration of 28 min, mean arterial pressure (MAP) decreased by 43%, from 78.3 to 44.4 mm Hg as a result of decreases in cardiac index (Cl) (18%) and systemic vascular resistances (SVR) (21%). Simultaneously, a moderate increase in (Cao2 - Cvo2) (21%), and a significant increase in plasma renin activity (90%) were observed. In patients "sensitive" to TNG, the MAP decreased by 54%, Cl by 27% and SVR by 35%; HR remained stable. In patients "resistant" to TNG, the decreases in Cl and SVR were less marked: 2% and 22% respectively; the observed increase in HR was 12%. When non-toxic doses of SNP were used (less than 2 micrograms kg-1 min-1), hypotension was caused by decreased SVR (31%) and increased Cl (8%). TNG alone can be used to produce controlled decreases in MAP to around 50 mm Hg, and in patients "resistant" to TNG, SNP can be added to increase the hypotensive effect. PMID- 3918552 TI - Segmental neurofibromatosis. AB - A child with segmental neurofibromatosis is reported. The clinical, histopathological and ultrastructural characteristics of this rare condition are described. This entity is considered to be a localized form of von Recklinghausen's disease. The aetiology is not clear, but somatic mutation in early embryonic development may be important. PMID- 3918553 TI - Antinuclear antibodies in the relatives of patients with systemic sclerosis. AB - Antinuclear antibodies were studied by indirect immunofluorescence and double immunodiffusion in 21 patients with systemic sclerosis and 35 of their relatives. When HEp-2 cells were used as the substrate, the frequency of antinuclear antibodies in the patients' sera was 100% and that in the relatives was 26%. When rat liver sections were used, the values were 86% and 17%, respectively. Anticentromere antibody was detected in the serum from the mother of one patient whose serum had anti-Scl-70 antibody. Antibody to n-RNP was positive in the sera from the brother and daughter of another patient whose serum was positive for anti-n-RNP and anti-Scl-70 antibodies. The high frequency of antinuclear antibodies in the sera from the relatives of systemic sclerosis patients suggests that immunological abnormalities play a part in the pathogenesis of this condition. PMID- 3918554 TI - Male sex hormone status in dermatitis herpetiformis. AB - In twenty-eight men with dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) the mean serum testosterone levels were within normal limits, but high levels were found in three patients with partial villous atrophy and two who had normal jejunal biopsies. The introduction of a gluten-free diet in patients with villous atrophy produced a statistically significant fall in the testosterone level in those able to discontinue their drug treatment but not in those noticing no change or only a reduction in drug requirements. The serum levels of luteinizing hormone or follicle-stimulating hormone were increased in nine patients; only one of these had a raised testosterone level and six were over 60 years of age. Four out of twenty married males with DH had no children, a figure higher than expected. Three of these men had elevated gonadotrophin levels although none had an increased serum testosterone. Thus, raised levels of testosterone and gonadotrophin were found in only a minority of men with DH, in contrast to the more marked changes previously reported in males with coeliac disease. PMID- 3918555 TI - Malignant angiosarcoma of the scalp: a case report with immunohistochemical studies. AB - A case of angiosarcoma of the scalp is reported. The histogenesis of this tumour is discussed in terms of the ultrastructural and immunohistochemical findings. This type of angiosarcoma is uncommon and carries a poor prognosis: the therapeutic alternatives are discussed. PMID- 3918556 TI - The effect of 1-deamino 8 D-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP) in a nonhaemophilic patient with an acquired type II factor VIII inhibitor. AB - DDAVP (1-deamino 8 D-arginine vasopressin) was administered on two occasions to a patient with an acquired factor VIII inhibitor. Because the patient's autoantibody was low titre (1.8 Bethesda units) and had type II kinetic properties, it was expected that endogenous factor VIII/VWF released by DDAVP would be inactivated at a slow enough rate to permit satisfactory haemostasis during dental procedures. In both instances there was a 7-9-fold increase in factor VIII above the baseline level (13 units/dl), and factor VIII activity remained above 35 units/dl for 5 h after the infusion. The inhibitor could not be detected in his plasma during this period and the activated PTT was shortened into the normal range. Our experience with this patient suggests that DDAVP has a role in the management of some patients with low titre autoantibodies that inactivate factor VIII. PMID- 3918557 TI - Low haematocrit and prolonged bleeding time in uraemic patients: effect of red cell transfusions. AB - This study demonstrates that a low haematocrit is the main determining factor of the prolonged bleeding time often encountered in uraemic haemodialysed patients. Thirty-three patients submitted to regular haemodialysis and having a platelet count greater than 100 X 10(9)/l were investigated with the following tests: simplate bleeding time, blood cell count, platelet aggregation induced by ADP, collagen and sodium arachidonate, arachidonate induced MDA synthesis, tests for detection of an acquired storage pool disease, and factor VIII complex level. The results were compared to two other groups; one of uraemic patients not yet subjected to haemodialysis and another of healthy volunteers. The results were basically identical in the two groups of uraemic patients. The only consistent abnormality was a 30-35% reduction in the platelet MDA synthesis in comparison with control subjects. There was a negative correlation between the log bleeding time and the haematocrit (r = 0.78, P less than 0.01). Fourteen uraemic patients having a prolonged bleeding time were submitted to a red cell transfusion programme and were investigated a second time under identical conditions. There was no change in any of the platelet function tests or in the factor VIII complex level, but the bleeding time was normalized when the post-transfusion haematocrit was over 26% (nine patients). This study emphasizes the role of anaemia in the pathogenesis of the prolonged bleeding time in uraemia and suggests that red cell transfusion can be a long-term efficient therapeutic measure to stop bleeding in these patients. PMID- 3918558 TI - IgA inhibitor to factor VIII/von Willebrand factor. AB - A 60-year-old Black female presented with a haemorrhagic diathesis and an acquired factor VIII/von Willebrand factor (VIII/vWf) inhibitor. This inhibitor was classified as an IgA immunoglobulin and was active not only against factor VIII coagulant (VIII:C) activity but also against plasma von Willebrand factor (vWf). The purified IgA also interacted with normal platelets to inhibit ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation (RIPA). In contrast, studies with haemophilia A plasma and platelets revealed that the inhibitor did not react significantly with these plasmas or platelets. The significant differences in the inhibition of vWf assay both of the plasma and the platelets of the haemophilia A patients suggests that part of the haemorrhagic diathesis may be related not only to the inhibition of VIII:C but also to interference with platelet function. In addition, these studies suggest that there may be significant differences in the factor VIII-related antigen (VIII R:Ag) on platelets in haemophilia A patients compared to normal. PMID- 3918559 TI - AIDS surveillance in haemophilia. AB - We suspected a patient attending our Haemophilia Centre had developed Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and therefore immunological evaluation was performed on 43 patients with haemophilia and von Willebrand's disease attending the Centre. The index patient died of Pneumocytis carinii pneumonia. Thirty-one patients had either abnormal T cell subsets or helper/suppressor ratios. Thirty two patients had hypergammaglobulinaemia. There was no direct correlation between these immunological abnormalities and the total amount or type of treatment received. T cell abnormalities were not confined to the 13 patients who had received the same batches of concentrate as the index case. The index case simultaneously contracted hepatitis B. He was the only patient to receive a large amount of the suspect batches of concentrate, not previously immune to hepatitis B. PMID- 3918560 TI - Differentiation of patients with subtype IIb-like von Willebrand's disease by means of perfusion experiments with reconstituted blood. AB - Four unrelated patients with a bleeding diathesis (bleeding time longer than 30 min), some spontaneous platelet aggregation, thrombocytopenia and large platelets, had decreased levels of factor VIII-von Willebrand factor (FVIII-VWF) related properties and impaired platelet adherence to human artery subendothelium. The largest multimers of plasma FVIII-VWF were absent and enhanced ristocetin induced platelet aggregation in platelet-rich plasma was observed. 'Pseudo-von Willebrand's disease' was excluded, because FVIII-VWF from normal subjects did not initiate platelet aggregation. Perfusion studies with reconstituted blood, consisting of respectively patient platelets in normal plasma or normal platelets in patient plasma, yielded evidence for an intrinsic platelet abnormality in two out of the four patients and a plasma defect in the other two patients. Similar experiments with platelets and plasma from four patients with von Willebrand's disease (VWD) subtype I and four patients with VWD subtype IIa showed that the impaired platelet adherence in blood from these patients was caused by a plasma defect. These experiments indicate that patients with laboratory findings in many respects similar to those originally reported for patients with VWD subtype IIb may represent a heterogeneous group of individuals. The data derived from our study imply that perfusion experiments with reconstituted blood offer a new approach in characterization of these patients, which may be more relevant for the treatment of the patients than characterization by ristocetin induced adsorption of FVIII-VWF to platelets. PMID- 3918561 TI - Investigation of a coagulation accelerating factor (CAF) in glomerulonephritis. AB - A coagulation accelerating factor was purified from the plasma of two patients with glomerulonephritis (GN) who suffered from thrombotic complications. The factor co-purified with factor VIII/von Willebrand factor complex (FVIII/vWf) and under dissociating conditions remained associated with the factor VIII coagulant activity (FVIII). Control purified FVIII/vWf showed no coagulation accelerating activity under the experimental conditions used. The levels of coagulation accelerating factor, FVIII and von Willebrand factor (vWf) were reduced by incubation with rabbit anti-human FVIII/vWf or human anti-FVIII serum indicating a close association of these three activities. Multimeric analysis of the plasma FVIII/vWf complex from the two patients demonstrated a reduction in the high molecular weight multimers and the presence of an additional band not present on analysis of normal FVIII/vWf. It is suggested that the coagulation accelerating factor represents an active form of FVIII which has different in vitro properties to thrombin activated FVIII. PMID- 3918562 TI - Comparative study of the effects of biphenyl and Kanechlor-400 on the respiratory and energy linked activities of rat liver mitochondria. AB - A comparative study of the effects of biphenyl and Kanechlor-400 (KC-400) on the respiratory and energy linked activities of rat liver mitochondria was made, and some differences in effects caused by the chlorination of biphenyl were clarified. The inhibition of state 3 respiration with succinate by biphenyl was less than that observed with alpha-ketoglutarate/malate. By contrast, KC-400 exhibited the opposite trend; state 3 respiration with succinate was more sensitive to inhibition than that observed with alpha-ketoglutarate/malate. Thus the inhibition of state 3 respiration with NAD+-linked substrate was decreased, whereas the inhibition of state 3 respiration with succinate was increased by the chlorination of aromatic rings. Biphenyl also instantaneously stimulated state 4 respiration. The extent of stimulation with succinate by biphenyl was larger than with alpha-ketoglutarate-malate. On the other hand, there was about a 1-2 minute lag period before stimulation of state 4 respiration by KC-400 became obvious. Furthermore, state 4 respiration in the presence of alpha-ketoglutarate/malate was more intensely stimulated by KC-400 than by succinate. Biphenyl and KC-400 dissipated the membrane potential across the mitochondrial membranes. The dissipation of membrane potential by biphenyl was instantaneous whereas that caused by KC-400 was preceded by a lag period (1-2 min). Biphenyl and KC-400 altered the permeability properties of mitochondrial membranes as evidenced by the release of endogenous K+. The release of K+ due to biphenyl was instantaneous but KC-400 induced K+-release was preceded by a lag period (1-2 min). Thus membrane perturbation by biphenyl was faster than that induced by KC-400. Therefore, it is clear that the chlorination of aromatic rings delays the perturbation in the state of membrane lipids. PMID- 3918563 TI - Fluorescence energy transfer between ionophore, A23187, and membrane proteins of isolated outer and cytoplasmic membranes of a Gram-negative bacterium. AB - When tryptophan residues of the proteins of outer and cytoplasmic membranes of a moderately halophilic bacterium, Pseudomonas halosaccharolytica ATCC 29423, were excited at the wavelength 270 nm, tryptophan emission was observed at 330 nm. Adding the calcium ionophore, A23187, to both suspensions, the tryptophan emission at 330 nm decreased and the ionophore emission at 430 nm increased. Thus, when the calcium ionophore was increased in both suspensions, the ionophore emission increased with excitation of membrane tryptophan, that is, the fluorescence energy was transferred from tryptophan to the calcium ionophore. Using the Forster equation the critical distance was calculated to be 52 A. As this distance is considerable compared with the diameter of the membrane protein molecules, the ionophore cannot be bound to the membrane proteins. It is probably located in the lipid bilayers. PMID- 3918564 TI - Specific binding of dexamethasone to plasma membranes from skeletal muscle. AB - A procedure was developed to isolate plasma membranes from rabbit skeletal muscle. K+-dependent phosphatase activity was used as marker enzyme for plasma membranes and was determined in the presence of CHAPS (3-( (3 cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio)-1-propanesulfonate), a zwitterionic detergent. Ca2+-ATPase and succinate dehydrogenase activities were used as marker enzymes for sarcoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria, respectively. Electron-microscopy revealed that plasma membranes were in the form of vesicles. Significant proteolysis of membrane proteins was observed during extraction, which was inhibited by EGTA and 20 mM molybdate. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed the disappearance of an intense 96 kDa protein band when membranes were purified in the absence of EGTA and molybdate. Specific binding sites for [3H]dexamethasone were identified in plasma membranes after freezing and incubation with CHAPS. Dithiothreitol was essential for steroid binding and ATP increased it. Under standardized assay conditions, binding was complete with 50 min a 37 degrees C. No binding occurred at 0 degrees C, nor if EGTA and molybdate were absent from the extraction medium. PMID- 3918565 TI - Differential interaction of cations with the thiamine and biotin transport proteins of Lactobacillus casei. AB - Lactobacillus casei cells contain separate and specific binding proteins which mediate the cellular uptake of thiamine and biotin. In buffered salt solutions, these proteins exhibit a very high affinity for their vitamin substrate. Dissociation constants (Kd values) at pH 7.5 are 0.03 and 0.15 nM for thiamine and biotin, respectively. Optimal binding of biotin requires the presence of cations. This cation dependence is substantial since the Kd for biotin is 60-fold higher in a buffer containing 0.1 mM K-Hepes, compared with a buffer composed of 50 mM K-Hepes and 5 mM MgCl2. Measurements of Kd versus cation concentration showed that Mg2+ is 300-fold more effective than K+ in promoting biotin binding. The extent of cation dependence decreases as the pH is reduced from 7.5 to 5.0, suggesting that protons can partially fulfill the cation requirement. In contrast, binding of thiamine to the thiamine transport protein shows no dependence on the ionic composition of the medium. These results suggest that the transport protein for the anionic vitamin, biotin, contains a binding site for cations. Cotransport of both the vitamin and cation into the cell might then occur during the normal transport cycle, allowing the cellular uptake of the vitamin to occur against the membrane potential. Conversely, the cationic vitamin, thiamine, does not appear to be transported into the cell as a complex with other ions. PMID- 3918566 TI - Permeability of alkylamines across phosphatidylcholine vesicles as studied by 1H NMR. AB - The exchange rate and enthalpy and entropy of activation of the diffusion of the first five n-alkylamines across egg phosphatidylcholine vesicles has been measured by 1H-NMR spectroscopy employing the 1:2 Gd3+-EDTA complex as a relaxation reagent. The permeability determined from the exchange rate of the ethyl through the pentyl derivatives increased sequentially with increasing chain length from 7.10(-7) to 4.10(-4) cm/s, respectively, at 25 degrees C. The permeability of methylamine was similar to that of ethylamine (1.10(-6) cm/s at 25 degrees C) and exhibited a relatively smaller entropy increase. The enthalpy of activation for the transfer reaction was high for all amine derivatives (20 kcal/mol). The entropy of activation increased with increasing chain length. The results indicate that the rate of diffusion is dominated by the partition into the membrane. Methylamine, being the smallest molecule in this series, can probably diffuse also through vacancies formed by the internal motions of the lipid chains. PMID- 3918567 TI - Influence of liposome charge on the association of liposomes with Kupffer cells in vitro. Effects of divalent cations and competition with latex particles. AB - We studied the interaction of large unilamellar liposomes carrying different surface charges with rat Kupffer cells in maintenance culture. In addition to 14C labeled phosphatidylcholine, all liposome preparations contained either 3H labeled inulin or 125I-labeled bovine serum albumin as a non-degradable or a degradable aqueous space marker, respectively. With vesicles carrying no net charge, intracellular processing of internalized liposomes caused nearly complete release of protein label into the medium in acid-soluble form, while phospholipid label was predominantly retained by the cells, only about one third being released. The presence of the lysosomotropic agent, ammonia, inhibited the release of both labels from the cells. At 4 degrees C, the association and degradation of the vesicles were strongly reduced. These results are very similar to what we reported on negatively charged liposomes (Dijkstra, J., Van Galen, W.J.M., Hulstaert, C.E., Kalicharan, D., Roerdink, F.H. and Scherphof, G.L. (1984) Exp. Cell Res. 150, 161-176). The interaction of both types of vesicles apparently proceeds by adsorption to the cell surface followed by virtually complete internalization by endocytosis. Similar experiments with positively charged vesicles indicated that only about half of the liposomes were taken up by the endocytic route, the other half remaining adsorbed to the cell-surface. Attachment of all types of liposomes to the cells was strongly dependent on the presence of divalent cations; Ca2+ appeared to be required for optimal binding. Neutral liposomes only slightly competed with the uptake of negatively charged vesicles, both at 4 degrees and 37 degrees C, whereas negatively charged small unilamellar vesicles and negatively charged latex beads were found to compete very effectively with the large negatively charged liposomes. Neutral vesicles competed effectively for uptake with positively charged ones. These results suggest that neutral and positively charged liposomes are largely bound by the same cell-surface binding sites, while negatively charged vesicles attach mainly to other binding sites. PMID- 3918568 TI - Coregulation of dihydrofolate reductase and thymidylate synthase B in bacillus subtilis. AB - A 2.0-kb fragment of Bacillus subtilis 168 chromosomal DNA has been shown to contain both the dihydrofolate reductase (dfrA) and thymidylate synthase B (thyB) genes. In addition to the close proximity of dfrA and thyB, the expression of these genes seems to be regulated coordinately. Mutations that map near or within the dfrA gene resulted in coordinate increases in both dihydrofolate reductase and thymidylate synthase B activities. Also, when trimethoprim, a specific inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase and thymidylate synthase B activities. Also, when trimethoprim, a specific inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, was added to growing cells, both dihydrofolate reductase and thymidylate synthase B activities increased coordinately. PMID- 3918569 TI - Intracellular and oligomeric forms of surfactant-associated apolipoproteins(s) A in the rat. AB - Sulfhydryl-dependent oligomeric forms of the surfactant-associated apolipoprotein(s) A, obtained from particulate preparations of adult rat lung lavage, were characterized by immunoblot analysis and by silver staining of proteins separated by one- and two-dimensional SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Under non-reducing conditions, these proteins migrated as oligomers, Mr approx. 50-70, 115, 160 kDa and greater. The large oligomers were reduced to the apolipoprotein(s) A subunits by treatment with beta mercaptoethanol; Mr 38 (A3), 32 (A2) and 26 kDa (A1), pI 4.2-4.8. Mr 50 kDa protein was composed of sulfhydryl-dependent homo-dimers of protein(s) A1 (Mr 26 kDa). 55 kDa protein was a hetero-dimer composed primarily of A1 and A2 (Mr 26 and 32 kDa). 62 kDa protein was composed of hetero-dimers of A3 and apolipoprotein A2 (Mr 38 and 32 kDa). 70 kDa protein was a homodimer composed of apolipoprotein A3 A3 (38 kDa). Larger molecular forms were composed primarily of 38 and 32 kDa and lesser amounts of 26 kDa. Treatment with endoglycosidase F reduced A2 and A3 to 26 kDa. Apolipoprotein A1 co-migrated with a protein of Mr 26 kDa immunoprecipitated from [35S]methionine-labelled Type II epithelial cells. Chymotryptic-tryptic peptide maps of apolipoproteins A1, A2 and A3 were identical, suggesting that apolipoproteins A3 and A2 arise through extensive glycosylation of apolipoprotein A1. PMID- 3918570 TI - Bovine aorta actin. Development of an improved purification procedure and comparison of polymerization properties with actins from other types of muscle. AB - Crude actin extracts from acetone-dried powder of the muscle layer of bovine aorta contain an actin-modulating protein which promotes nucleation of actin monomers and decreases the average length of actin filaments in a Ca2+-dependent manner. This observation has allowed the development of an improved purification procedure for aorta actin which increases the yield 2- to 3-times. The actin obtained with this procedure consists of 77% alpha- and 23% gamma-isoelectric species. Pure aorta actin is indistinguishable from actins from skeletal, cardiac and chicken-gizzard smooth muscle in its polymerization rate, critical concentration, and reduced viscosity when polymerized with KCl at 25 degrees C. It differs from sarcomeric actins, but not from chicken-gizzard smooth muscle actin, in the temperature dependence of polymerization equilibria in KCl. This difference correlates with the amino acid replacements Val-17----Cys-17 and Thr 89----Ser-89, supporting a conclusion drawn from other studies that the N terminal portion of actin polypeptide chain contains sites important for polymerization. PMID- 3918571 TI - Characterization of an arachidonic acid-selective acyl-CoA synthetase from murine T lymphocytes. AB - Evidence is presented that the murine thymoma EL4 and cytotoxic T lymphocyte clones possess two distinct long-chain fatty acyl-CoA synthetase activities. One enzyme shows activity toward a broad spectrum of fatty acid substrates, similar to the long-chain fatty acyl-CoA synthetase from rat liver. The other enzyme is selective for arachidonic acid and related fatty acids. Fatty acid competition studies using EL4 microsomes demonstrate that [14C]palmitoyl-CoA synthesis (Km = 13 +/- 1 microM, Vmax = 7 +/- 1 nmol/mg per min) is inhibited by unlabeled palmitate, oleate, linoleate or linolenate (Ki = 15-25 microM) and weakly by arachidonate (Ki greater than 100 microM). Similar inhibition is observed for the activation of [14C]oleate (Km = 31 +/- 3 microM, Vmax = 6 +/- 2 nmol/mg per min). On the other hand, [14C]arachidonyl-CoA synthetase (Km = 15 +/- 3 microM, Vmax = 13 +/- 2 nmol/mg per min) is inhibited by unlabeled arachidonic acid (Ki = 20 microM) but not by unlabeled palmitate, oleate, linoleate and linolenate. The description of arachidonoyl-CoA synthetase in cytotoxic T lymphocyte clones represents the first example of a cell with little or no capacity to synthesize arachidonic acid metabolites, yet which possesses a selective esterification mechanism for the fatty acid. Studies on the specificity of the arachidonic acid selective acyl-CoA synthetase utilized arachidonic acid metabolites and structurally related fatty acids and yielded two points of interest: (1) metabolism of arachidonic acid to monohydroxy fatty acids (HETEs) resulted in compounds with significantly decreased ability to be activated by the arachidonate-selective acyl-CoA synthetase; (2) arachidonate was a much better substrate than was 5,8,11-eicosatrienoic acid (Km = 41 microM), the fatty acid which accumulates during essential fatty acid deficiency. The possible role of an arachidonic acid-selective acyl-CoA synthetase in lymphocyte activation and as a homeostatic mechanism during essential fatty acid deficiency is discussed. PMID- 3918572 TI - Metabolism of 7,10,13,16-docosatetraenoic acid to dihomo-thromboxane, 14-hydroxy 7,10,12-nonadecatrienoic acid and hydroxy fatty acids by human platelets. AB - Human platelets metabolize 7,10,13,16-docosatetraenoic acid (22:4(n - 6)) into dihomo-thromboxane B2 and 14-hydroxy-7,10,12-nonadecatrienoic acid at about twenty percent of the rate they convert arachidonic acid to thromboxane B2 and 12 hydroxy-5,8,10-heptadecatrienoic acid. 14-Hydroxy-7,10,12,16-docosatetraenoic was the major metabolite produce via the lipoxygenase pathway. Several other hydroxy acids were also produced in small amounts via an indomethacin-insensitive pathway. Incubation of 20 microM arachidonic acid with various levels of 22:4(n - 6) resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of both thromboxane B2 and 12-hydroxy 5,8,10-heptadecatrienoic acid production. Conversely, 12-hydroxy-5,8,10,14 eicosatetraenoic acid synthesis was stimulated because of substrate shunting to the lipoxygenase pathway. These results show that 22:4(n - 6) may modify platelet function both by serving as a precursor for a 22-carbon thromboxane and by suppressing the synthesis of thromboxane A2 from arachidonic acid. In addition, our results suggest that simultaneous release of 22:4(n - 6) and arachidonic acid from platelet phospholipids will result in an elevation of both 12-hydroxy 5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid levels as well as simultaneous synthesis of 14 hydroxy-7,10,12,16-docosatetraenoic acid. PMID- 3918573 TI - Cholesterol exchange in platelets, erythrocytes and megakaryocytes. AB - Cholesterol exchange between plasma and human platelets and erythrocytes and guinea pig platelets, erythrocytes and megakaryocytes was studied. The characteristics of exchange of cholesterol between [3H]cholesterol-labeled plasma and human platelets and erythrocytes were similar: exchange per cell was independent of cell concentration in whole plasma, decreased only 2-fold over a wide range of cell concentrations in low concentrations of plasma and approached a plateau at 1/3 normal plasma cholesterol concentration, and there was no net change in the cholesterol content of either cell. The activation energy for exchange for both cells was 47 kJ/mol. In all experiments, erythrocyte cholesterol was labeled to approximately twice the specific activity of platelet cholesterol. Guinea pig megakaryocyte cholesterol exchanged at 25-33% of the rate of guinea pig platelet cholesterol in vitro. Similarly, when guinea pigs were fed [3H]cholesterol, erythrocyte cholesterol specific activity after 24 h was 90%, platelet 50-65%, and megakaryocyte 20-26% that of plasma. Guinea pig platelets incubated with plasma radiolabeled in free and esterified cholesterol incorporated radioactivity from free but not esterified cholesterol. The similarity of free cholesterol exchange in platelets and erythrocytes in vitro and in vivo and the apparent inability of platelets to take up cholesterol esters from lipoproteins suggest that the interaction between normal platelets and normocholesterolemic plasma is limited to cholesterol exchange. PMID- 3918574 TI - A simple binding assay for the determination of low-density lipoprotein receptors in cell homogenates. AB - A convenient binding assay has been developed for the determination of low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors in homogenates of cultured and freshly isolated normal and malignant human cells. Cell homogenates were incubated with 125I-labeled LDL and the ligand bound to the homogenate particulates was separated from the unbound ligand by filtration. When the particulates of the homogenates were subsequently incubated with heparin, a fraction of the bound 125I-LDL was released. Previous studies on intact cells have shown that heparin exclusively releases LDL bound to its cell surface receptor. The heparin sensitive binding of 125I-LDL to cell homogenate particulates represents LDL bound to its cell surface receptor as judged from the following criteria: (a) it was quantitatively similar to the heparin-sensitive binding of 125I-LDL to intact cells, (b) it showed a direct correlation to the receptor-mediated degradation of 125I-LDL by intact cells, (c) no heparin-sensitive binding could be detected in homogenates prepared from normal erythrocytes or from cultured fibroblasts from a patient with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (two types of cell lacking LDL receptors), (d) it was dependent on calcium and inhibited by EDTA, (e) it was susceptible to treatment with pronase, and (f) it was heat-labile. The assay developed should be of value in determining the number of LDL receptors in tissues, since it is far less time-consuming and requires less material than currently available methods. PMID- 3918575 TI - Metabolism of unique diarachidonoyl and linoleoylarachidonoyl species of ethanolamine and choline phosphoglycerides in rat testes. AB - Selected molecular species of rat testicular 1,2-diradyl-sn-glycero-3 phosphocholines and 1,2-diradyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamines were quantitated as their diradylglycerobenzoate derivatives, using a recently developed high-performance liquid chromatographic method. Increased amounts of docosapentaenoic acid were found in glycerophospholipids containing ether moieties compared with the diacyl phospholipids (e.g., docosapentaenoate containing species comprised more than 80% of the alkylacyl subclass of the ethanolamine phosholipids as opposed to 29.3% of the diacyl subclass). Within 2 h after intratesticular injections of [5,6,8,9,11,12,14,15-3H]arachidonic acid, the 20:4-20:4 and 18:2-20:4 molecular species of the diacyl subclass of both the choline and ethanolamine glycerophosphatides had the highest specific radioactivities. These unique molecular species (20:4-20:4 and 18:2-20:4) also exhibited the largest percentage decrease in specific radioactivity 24 h after the intratesticular injections of [3H]arachidonic acid, which indicates these two species possess a high metabolic turnover. Two of the arachidonate-containing molecular species (18:1-20:4 and 18:0-20:4) in the ethanolamine plasmalogens showed only a small decrease in specific radioactivity, whereas a third species (16:0-20:4) actually had a 44% increase in specific radioactivity 24 h after the intratesticular injections of [3H]arachidonate. These data indicate that the 20:4 20:4, 18:2-20:4 and 18:1-20:4 species of phosphatidylcholine and/or phosphatidylethanolamine are most rapidly labeled after administration of [3H]arachidonic acid and that they appear to serve as the source of the [3H]arachidonate that is ultimately transferred to ethanolamine plasmalogens. PMID- 3918576 TI - Endogenous stimulant of prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase activity in human amniotic fluid. AB - In this study we describe the discovery and characterization of a substance in human amniotic fluid that stimulates prostaglandin biosynthesis by a microsome enriched preparation of bovine seminal vesicles. The stimulatory activity is not retained substantially upon anisotropic ultrafiltration through a filter with a molecular weight exclusion limit of 500. Stimulation of prostaglandin biosynthesis by this substance is time- and concentration-dependent; maximal stimulation of approx. 200% being observed within 20 min of commencing incubation with 1 ml-equivalent of stimulant fraction. Stimulatory activity is demonstrable both in the presence of reduced glutathione (1.3 mM) and L-tryptophan (20 mM), either separately or combined, and in the presence of exogenous arachidonic acid (5-120 microM). In the absence of added cofactors, the stimulatory substance increases the rates of biosynthesis of prostaglandin E2 and prostaglandin F2 alpha to equal extents. The amount of stimulatory substance added to incubations is correlated positively with increased oxygen consumption during incubations. The stimulatory substance is stable to heating at 100 degrees C for 10 min but is inactivated substantially (to less than 20% of original activity) by treatment with pronase. It is concluded that human amniotic fluid contains a substance of relatively low molecular weight, which is proteinaceous in character, that stimulates prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase activity. PMID- 3918577 TI - Calcium translocation by fatty acid derivatives in a two-phase partition model. Structure-activity relationships. AB - The relationship between structures of fatty acid derivatives, long-chain fatty alcohols, phospholipids and their calcium-transporting activity was investigated using the two-phase model system in which 45Ca is transported from an aqueous to an immiscible organic phase. Calcium translocation by all saturated and unsaturated fatty acids was significant only at 10 mM concentrations, but minimal or negligible below 1 mM; the corresponding methyl esters and alcohols were inactive at 10 mM. Polyunsaturated fatty acid derivatives, prepared by incubation with lipoxygenase (linoleate: oxygen oxidoreductase; EC 1.13.11.12) or by autoxidation in air, showed a markedly increased potency over the parent compounds. The oxidation products of linoleic and arachidonic acids were most potent. For example, the equieffective concentrations were 10 mM for linoleic acid, 0.4 mM for its lipoxygenase metabolites and 0.094 mM for its autoxidation products. Similarly, for arachidonic acid and its derivatives, equieffective concentrations were 10, 0.104 and 0.112 mM, respectively. The potency of the autoxidized fatty acid derivatives varied with both duration of autoxidation and the specific structure. Methyloleate and oleyl alcohol remained inactive even after a prolonged oxidation, whereas methyllinoleate and linoleyl alcohol were very potent only after 4 weeks but not after 1 week autoxidation. The potency of esters and alcohols with three or more double bonds increased significantly even after a short-term autoxidation, reflecting the differences in both the rate of formation and the contribution to calcium-transporting properties of the primary and secondary oxidation products. All phospholipids tested, with the exception of phosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylcholine, showed considerable calcium transporting activities at 0.01 mM or greater concentrations; some members were of similar or greater potencies than the classical calcium ionophores, X537A and A23187. PMID- 3918578 TI - The biosynthesis of phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine from L-[3 14C]serine in isolated rat hepatocytes. AB - Incorporation of L-[3-14C]serine into phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) has been studied in isolated rat hepatocytes. Ethanolamine inhibited the incorporation, indicating competition with serine in the base-exchange reaction. Choline, monomethylethanolamine, dimethylethanolamine and dimethyl-3-aminopropan-1-ol had no such effect. The observed rate of PS biosynthesis corresponded to 7-17 nmol/min per liver at 0.55 mM L-serine. The results indicate that only a small fraction (1/25 to 1/70) of the PS pool equilibrates with the base-exchange enzyme, and that decarboxylation to PE occurs preferentially from this pool. The rate of PS synthesis and decarboxylation can therefore not be calculated by methods which assume random, homogeneous labelling of the total PS pool. The apparent rate of PS decarboxylation increased approx. 4 fold when L-serine increased from 0.5 to 2.25 mM, suggesting that decarboxylation of PS to PE might be regulated by the concentration of L-serine or by the amount of PS present in the hepatocyte cell membranes. Lauric, palmitic, stearic, oleic and linoleic acid decreased the rate of PS synthesis. At 0.5 mM, lauric and palmitic acid were most inhibitory. At 1.0 mM, linoleic acid was the least inhibitory fatty acid. The saturated hexaenoic and saturated tetraenoic species of PS contained 51 and 29%, respectively, of the incorporated L-[3-14C]serine. The combined monoene dienoic/diene dienoic fraction had the highest rate of synthesis judged by its relative specific activity. At 0.9 mM concentration, linoleic acid doubled the relative specific activity of the combined monoene dienoic/diene dienoic fraction of PS. Incorporation of L-[3-14C]serine into molecular species of PE resembled that into PS, both in the absence and presence of linoleic acid, suggesting that the phosphatidylserine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.65) has a low specificity towards the fatty acid composition of PS. The results indicate that biosynthesis of PS from L-serine occurs mainly by the base exchange with only negligible contribution from direct incorporation of phosphatidic acid or diacylglycerol. Furthermore, the deacylation-reacylation pathway seem to contribute only little to the determination of the fatty acid composition of hepatocyte PS. Active PS turnover seems to be confined to a small fraction of the PS pool. PMID- 3918579 TI - Isolation and specificity of rat lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase: comparison with the human enzyme using reassembled high-density lipoproteins containing ether analogs of phosphatidylcholine. AB - Rat plasma lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase, a 68 kDa glycoprotein, has been purified 14 000-fold by a modification of a procedure used for the human enzyme. The activity of lecithin: cholesteryl acyltransferase in human and rat plasma are the same, although activation of both enzymes by human apolipoprotein A-I is greater than that produced by rat apolipoprotein A-I. Using reassembled high density lipoproteins composed of human apolipoprotein A-I, phosphatidylcholine ethers and a series of different phosphatidylcholines, the separate effects of molecular species specificity and microenvironment on the rate of cholesteryl ester formation was determined. Substitution of a fluid lipid, 1-palmityl-2-oleyl sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine, for a solid lipid, 1,2-dipalmityl-sn-glycero-3 phosphorylcholine, produced an 8-fold increase in the activity of all molecular species of phosphatidylcholine. With either solid or fluid lipid environments, the activity decreased as a function of increasing chain length of saturated acyl groups. Addition of one or more double bonds greatly increased the activity of a given saturated homologue. One major difference between the molecular specificity of rat and human lecithin: cholesteryl acyltransferase was that the latter had a two-fold preference for phosphatidylcholines containing arachidonate at the sn-2 position. PMID- 3918580 TI - Formation of 11-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid and 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid in human umbilical arteries is catalyzed by cyclooxygenase. AB - Human umbilical arteries convert arachidonic acid into three hydroxy eicosatetraenoic acids as well as 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha, prostaglandins E2, F2 alpha and D2 and thromboxane B2. Two of these hydroxy derivatives of arachidonic acid were purified by reverse-phase HPLC and identified by GC-MS as 11-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (11-HETE) and 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15 HETE) while a third, presumed dihydroxy derivative has not yet been identified. Both the cyclooxygenase and HETE synthesizing activities were found to be localized mainly in the microsomal fraction (100 000 X g pellet) (51 and 61% of total, respectively), and approx. 25% of both activities was found in the 10 000 X g pellet. The formation of these HETEs was inhibited by the cyclooxygenase inhibitors indomethacin and aspirin but not by the lipoxygenase inhibitor nordihydroguaiaretic acid. Production of immunoreactive 15-HETE as well as 6 ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha were also decreased significantly when arterial segments were incubated in the presence of either indomethacin or aspirin. Indomethacin inhibited the formation of both prostanoids and HETEs by microsomes in a concentration-dependent and time-dependent manner. The ID50 values for indomethacin against HETE synthesizing activity and against cyclooxygenase were 4.5 and 3.8 microM, respectively. The inactivation constants were found to be 0.09 and 0.08 min-1 for HETE synthesizing activity and cyclooxygenase, respectively. These two microsomal activities were solubilized in parallel with Tween-20. Incubation with three distinct monoclonal antibodies against different epitopes on cyclooxygenase precipitated both cyclooxygenase and HETE synthesizing activity. Each of these activities was recovered in the immune pellets. These studies demonstrate that in human umbilical arteries 11-HETE, 15-HETE and a presumed di-HETE are the products of cyclooxygenase. PMID- 3918581 TI - Purification and characterization of pentobarbital-induced cytochrome P-450BM-1 from Bacillus megaterium ATCC 14581. AB - When Bacillus megaterium ATCC 14581 is grown in the presence of barbiturates, a cytochrome P-450-dependent fatty acid monooxygenase (Mr 120000) is induced (Kim, B.-H. and Fulco, A.J. (1983) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 116, 843-850). Gel filtration chromatography of a crude monooxygenase preparation from pentobarbital induced B. megaterium indicated that not all of the induced cytochrome P-450 present in the extract was accounted for by this high-molecular-weight component. Further purification revealed the presence of two additional but smaller cytochrome P-450 species. The minor component, designated cytochrome P-450BM-2, had a molecular mass of about 46 kDa, but has not yet been completely purified or further characterized. The major component, designated cytochrome P-450BM-1, was obtained in pure form, exhibited fatty acid monooxygenase activity in the presence of iodosylbenzenediacetate, and has been extensively characterized. Its Mr of 38000 makes it the smallest cytochrome P-450 yet purified to homogeneity. Although it is a soluble protein, a complete amino acid analysis indicated that it contains 42% hydrophobic residues. By the dansyl chloride procedure the NH2 terminal amino acid is proline; the penultimate NH2-terminal residue is alanine. The absolute absorption spectra of cytochrome P-450BM-1 show maxima in the same general regions as do P-450 cytochromes from mammalian or other bacterial sources, but they differ in detail. The oxidized form of P-450BM-1 has absorption maxima at 414, 533 and 567 nm, while the reduced form has peaks at 410 and 540 nm. The absorption maxima for the CO-reduced form of P-450BM-1 are found at 415, 448 and 550 nm. Antisera from rabbits immunized with pure P-450BM-1 strongly reacted with and precipitated this P-450, but showed no detectable affinity for either the 46 kDa P-450 or the 120 kDa fatty acid monooxygenase. PMID- 3918582 TI - The intracellular localisation of proteoglycans and their accumulation in chondrocytes treated with monensin. AB - Pig laryngeal chondrocytes incubated in the presence of monensin showed inhibition of [35S]sulphate incorporation and decreased secretion of proteoglycan into the culture medium, but no large decrease in protein synthesis. This lead to the intracellular accumulation of proteoglycan protein core, which was detected in immunoprecipitates of cell extracts. Using the same antiserum protein core was localised by electron microscopy with protein A-coated gold. In control chondrocytes, it was detected only in elements of the Golgi and in secretory vesicles, but following monensin treatment labelling was more intense in the Golgi and extended into the distended cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. The results suggest that monensin blocks proteoglycan protein core translocation between different elements of the Golgi and that this occurs prior to the major site of chondroitin sulphate synthesis on proteoglycan. PMID- 3918583 TI - The effects of chemical modification of calmodulin on Ca2+-induced exposure of a hydrophobic region. Separation of active and inactive forms of calmodulin. AB - Native calmodulin binds four calcium ions per molecule and exhibits strong Ca2+ dependent binding to phenyl-Sepharose. In contrast, calmodulin inactivated by oxidation of methionine residues or by deamidation binds fewer calcium ions (two per molecule) and shows relatively weak interaction with phenyl-Sepharose. Calmodulin inactivated by modification of lysine residues still is able to bind four calcium ions per molecule and shows strong binding to phenyl-Sepharose similar to native calmodulin. The results suggest that complete exposure of calmodulin's hydrophobic region occurs only after the binding of four ions of calcium to the calmodulin molecule. Thus, phenyl-Sepharose hydrophobic interaction chromatography might be used to separate active calmodulin from inactive forms of calmodulin obtained by oxidation or heat treatment for prolonged periods. As an example, phenyl-Sepharose chromatography can be used to separate free iodide and inactivated species of calmodulin readily from the active, iodinated form of calmodulin following iodination. PMID- 3918584 TI - Differential regulation of polyamine synthesis and transmethylation reactions in methylthioadenosine phosphorylase deficient mammalian cells. AB - The consumption of S-adenosylmethionine during polyamine synthesis and transmethylation reactions yields stoichiometric amounts of 5'-deoxy-5' methylthioadenosine and S-adenosylhomocysteine, respectively. Information concerning the regulation of the two routes of S-adenosylmethionine metabolism in viable cells under changing growth conditions is limited. The present experiments have measured the time-dependent accumulation of 5'-deoxy-5'-methylthioadenosine and L-homocysteine in the medium of four malignant human and murine cell lines deficient in 5'-deoxy-5'-methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (5' methylthioadenosine: orthophosphate methylthioribosyltransferase). Included in this group were anchorage-independent and anchorage-dependent cells. The enzyme deficient cells did not detectably cleave 5'-deoxy-5'-methylthioadenosine, and did not appreciably metabolize homocysteine. A comparison of 5'-deoxy-5' methylthioadenosine and homocysteine excretion therefore provided a noninvasive method for estimating the relative rates of polyamine synthesis and transmethylation. Early after the release of human CEM lymphoblasts from density dependent growth arrest, 5'-deoxy-5'-methylthioadenosine production increased, and exceeded homocysteine synthesis. 5'-Deoxy-5'-methylthioadenosine formation reached a maximum of 0.9 nmol/12 h per 10(6) cells prior to the onset of exponential growth. The kinetics of homocysteine synthesis were different. Homocysteine accumulation was proportional to the specific growth rate, and achieved a peak of 3.1 nmol/12 h per 10(6) cells during mid-exponential phase, at which time 5'-deoxy-5'-methylthioadenosine production was falling. Similar patterns of 5'-deoxy-5'-methylthioadenosine and homocysteine excretion were observed in other 5'-deoxy-5'-methylthioadenosine phosphorylase deficient cell lines. These data show that polyamine synthesis and transmethylation are differentially regulated during the growth cycle of mammalian cells. PMID- 3918585 TI - The hepatic response to Ca2+ is inhibited by Mg2+ and enhanced by phenylephrine or ouabain. AB - Net hepatic Ca2+ efflux, K+ uptake and glycogen breakdown in response to the alpha 1-adrenergic agonist phenylephrine were studied. Rat livers were perfused with CO2/bicarbonate-buffered solutions containing 10 microM Ca2+ and different amounts of Mg2+. K+-free medium and/or ouabain were used to block (Na+ + K+) ATPase-dependent K+ uptake. In some experiments a sharp increase in extracellular Ca2+ concentrations was produced by infusing CaCl2 into the medium entering the liver. Perfusion with K+-free medium and ouabain enhanced the phenylephrine induced Ca2+ efflux and diminished the glycogenolytic response, indicating a dissociation of Ca2+ release and glycogenolysis. Exogenous Ca2+ had practically no effect if livers were perfused with regular medium containing 1.2 mM Mg2+. In the presence of phenylephrine and if extracellular Mg2+ concentrations were lowered by omitting Mg2+ from the medium or by preperfusion with EGTA, exogenous Ca2+ was glycogenolytically effective and also produced a transient K+ uptake. Increased extracellular concentrations of Mg2+ inhibited the effects of exogenous Ca2+. In the presence of phenylephrine, higher concentrations of Mg2+ were needed than in the absence of alpha 1-adrenergic agonist to achieve a similar degree of inhibition. In one respect ouabain effects were comparable to those of phenylephrine: the glycoside also increased the metabolic response to exogenous Ca2+ and diminished the sensitivity towards Mg2+. Phenylephrine and ouabain may both enhance the permeability of plasma membranes for Ca2+. PMID- 3918586 TI - Effects of prostaglandin E2, indomethacin and adenosine deaminase on basal and insulin-stimulated glucose metabolism in human adipocytes. AB - The effects of prostaglandin E2 were studied on glucose metabolism (3-O methylglucose transport, CO2 production and lipogenesis) in human adipocytes. Initially, the effects of endogenously produced adenosine and prostaglandins were indirectly demonstrated by using adenosine deaminase and indomethacin in the incubations. From these studies it was found that adenosine deaminase (5 micrograms/ml) had a pronounced effect on adipocyte glucose metabolism in vitro. In the basal (nonhormonal-stimulated) state, glucose transport, CO2 production and lipogenesis were inhibited by about 30% (P less than 0.05). Furthermore, adenosine deaminase significantly inhibited the isoproterenol- and insulin stimulated CO2 production and lipogenesis (P less than 0.01). Indomethacin (50 microM) had a consistently inhibitory effect on the insulin-stimulated CO2 production (P less than 0.05), whereas indomethacin had no significant effects on basal or isoproterenol-stimulated glucose metabolism. In contrast to the relatively minor effect of endogenous prostaglandins, the addition of exogenous prostaglandin E2 significantly stimulated the glucose transport, glucose oxidation and lipogenesis in human adipocytes, especially in the presence of adenosine deaminase. Half-maximal stimulation was obtained at prostaglandin E2 concentrations of 2.2, 0.8 and 0.8 nM, respectively. The effect of prostaglandin E2 was specific, since the structurally related prostaglandin, prostaglandin F2 alpha, had practically no effect on glucose metabolism. The maximal effect of prostaglandin E2 (1 microM) on glucose metabolism was 30-35% of the maximal insulin (1 nM) effect. When insulin and prostaglandin E2 were added together, the effect of prostaglandin E2 on glucose metabolism was additive at all insulin concentrations tested. PMID- 3918587 TI - Effect of insulin on ketogenesis and fatty acid synthesis in rat hepatocytes incubated with dichloroacetate. AB - In parenchymal liver cells isolated from fed rats, insulin increased the formation of 14CO2 from [1-14C]pyruvate (and presumably the flux through pyruvate dehydrogenase) by 14%. Dichloroacetate, an activator of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, stimulated this process by 133%. As judged from the conversion of [2-14C]pyruvate to 14CO2, the tricarboxylic acid cycle activity was not affected by insulin, but it was depressed by dichloroacetate. In hepatocytes from fed rats, incubated with glucose as the only carbon source, dichloroacetate caused a stimulation (31%) of fatty acid synthesis, measured as 3H incorporation from 3H2O into fatty acid, and an increased (134%) accumulation of ketone bodies (acetoacetate + D-3-hydroxybutyrate). Dichloroacetate did not affect ketone body formation from [14C]palmitate, suggesting that the increased accumulation of ketone bodies resulted from acetyl-CoA derived from pyruvate. Insulin stimulated fatty acid synthesis in hepatocytes from fed rats. In the combined presence of insulin plus dichloroacetate, fatty acid synthesis was more rapid than in the presence of either insulin or dichloroacetate, whereas the accumulation of ketone bodies was smaller than in the presence of dichloroacetate alone. Although pyruvate dehydrogenase activity, which is rate-limiting for fatty acid synthesis in hepatocytes from fed rats, is stimulated both by insulin and by dichloroacetate, the reciprocal changes in fatty acid synthesis and ketone body accumulation brought about by insulin in the presence of dichloroacetate suggest that insulin is also involved in the regulation of fatty acid synthesis at a mitochondrial site after pyruvate dehydrogenase, possibly at the partitioning of acetyl-CoA between citrate and ketone body formation. PMID- 3918588 TI - A placebo-controlled trial of valproate in tardive dyskinesia. PMID- 3918589 TI - Effect of valproic acid on behavior and plasma amino acid concentrations in chronic schizophrenic patients. PMID- 3918590 TI - Effect of follicular fluid treatment on follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone and compensatory ovarian hypertrophy in prepuberal gilts. AB - Prepuberal 130-day-old gilts were treated with 10 ml of charcoal-stripped porcine serum (PS), whole porcine follicular fluid (WpFF) or charcoal-stripped pFF (CpFF) twice daily beginning the day before and continuing 8 days after unilateral ovariectomy (ULO). Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) declined for the first 14 h after ULO in WpFF and CpFF gilts and then by 24 h returned to values observed at or before ULO, whereas FSH was increased nearly twofold at 14 h in PS gilts. At 8 days after ULO the remaining ovaries from PS-treated gilts were heavier than ovaries from follicular fluid-treated gilts. In a second experiment, ovariectomized 130-day-old gilts were assigned to either a group infused with PS, a group infused with 5 ml CpFF, or a group infused with 10 ml Cpff at 18 and 2 h before a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) challenge. Porcine follicular fluid had no effect on luteinizing hormone (LH) response to GnRH, depressed the FSH response to a 10-micrograms challenge of GnRH, but had no effect on FSH response to a 50-micrograms challenge of GnRH. In a third study, gilts were subjected to sham ovariectomy (Sham) or ULO at 130 days of age. GnRH (10 micrograms) was given on Days 1, 2 or 8 after surgery. The response to GnRH in ULO versus Sham gilts did not differ for FSH or LH on any day.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3918591 TI - [Effect of phosphate and acidosis on the calcium sensitivity of the cardiac myofibrils]. AB - The treatment of the bundles of rat myocardial fibers with ethyleneglycol bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N-tetraacetate (EGTA) made the sarcolemma permeable for ions and small molecules. At the incubation medium pH 7.0 the EGTA-treated fibers developed a half-maximal tension at pCa 5.4, and the maximal tension at pCa 4.8. Inorganic phosphate (10 mM) reduced the maximal tension by 18 +/- 3% and decreased the calcium sensitivity of the myofibrils so that there was a shift of the pCa/tension curve by 0.3 unit to the right. Acidosis (pH 6.6) also decreased significantly the calcium sensitivity, while the presence of 10 mM phosphate produced additional depression of the calcium sensitivity. It is concluded that phosphate accumulation by the ischemic myocardium combined with acidosis may depress the contractility not only due to depletion of the free calcium concentration in the myoplasm but also as a result of the reduced calcium sensitivity of myofibrils. PMID- 3918592 TI - [Immunochemical identification and study of an interspecific thymus antigen (AgT 1)]. AB - A new interspecific human and animal thymic antigen (AgT-1) was identified immunochemically. It was shown that AgT-1 is a protein with a molecular mass about 40000 dalton, electrophoretic mobility of alpha 1-globulins and isoelectric points 4.0 and 4.5. Heating of the protein to 80 degrees C led to the loss of its immunochemical activity. Antisera to AgT-1 were obtained by immunization of rabbits by conjugated extract of bovine thymus in complete Freund's adjuvant. AgT 1 was identified immunochemically in bovine embryonal thymus, spleen and liver. In addition to these organs, AgT-1 was discovered in lung extracts of adult animals. Identical antigen was identified in the embryonal thymus and extracts of human small intestine. AgT-1 antibodies inhibited the biological activity of the active thymic fraction (AFT-6) in recovering the sensitivity of spleen fRFC from thymectomized mice to the inhibitory action of azathioprin. The data indicate that the biological activity of AFT-6 is partly due to the molecules having antigenic determinants of AgT-1. PMID- 3918593 TI - Leukocyte-endothelial interactions. PMID- 3918595 TI - Abnormal VIII-vWF patterns and hemolytic-uremic syndrome. PMID- 3918594 TI - Rearrangement of immunoglobulin heavy chain genes in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. AB - We studied the arrangement of the immunoglobulin heavy chain genes by Southern blot analysis of DNA freshly obtained from marrow blast cells of 14 children with T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) using probes to the C mu and JH gene segments: At least one of the C mu-gene alleles was rearranged in three cases. In two of these, one C mu gene had the germ-line configuration and one was rearranged, whereas both alleles were rearranged in the third case. In one case, a rearranged heavy chain gene hybridized to the C mu-region probe, but not to the JH probe, indicating that the entire JH region had been deleted. These results demonstrate that immunoglobulin heavy chain gene rearrangements are not restricted to B lineage lymphoproliferative diseases in humans. PMID- 3918596 TI - A study of zinc distribution in erythrocytes of normal humans. AB - The assignment of zinc bound to carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes (CA-I and CA-II) and Cu2 Zn2 superoxide dismutase (SOD1) was investigated in the hemolysates from 21 normal male subjects. Sufficient care was taken to remove leukocytes and platelets. The following values of zinc distribution were obtained: total zinc, 113.8 +/- 22.7 (mean +/- S.E.) micrograms X 100 ml-1; CA-I-derived zinc, 866.6 +/ 26.2 micrograms X 100 ml-1; CA-II-derived zinc, 99.9 +/- 3.9 micrograms X 100 m 1; SOD1-derived zinc, 60.3 +/- 1.9 micrograms X 100 ml-1; the other zinc, 87.0 +/ 12.6 micrograms X 100 ml-1. Namely, 7.6% of the zinc in human erythrocytes is not bound to the carbonic anhydrases and Cu2Zn2 superoxide dismutase, but present in available form or attached to other enzymes. PMID- 3918597 TI - Wright (a + b-) human erythrocytes and Plasmodium falciparum malaria. AB - We find Wr(a + b-) erythrocytes of donor M. Fr., which appear to carry a rare glycophorin A variant, to be fully susceptible to invasion by nine isolates of Plasmodium falciparum. Thus we fail to confirm the previous publication on the refractoriness of these erythrocytes. In addition the serum of donor M. Fr., which is known to contain anti-Wrb directed against an epitope located on glycophorin A in close proximity to the erythrocyte membrane, was not found to inhibit P. falciparum invasion of blood group O Rh- red blood cells. Despite this, different lines of evidence still indicate that glycophorin A is one of the receptors for erythrocyte invasion by P. falciparum. The Wrb epitope, however, does not appear to represent a distinct receptor site, which is in contrast to previous suggestions. PMID- 3918598 TI - Structure-toxicity relationships of selected naphthalene derivatives II. Principal components analysis. PMID- 3918599 TI - Alcohol-induced suppression of the humoral immune response. PMID- 3918600 TI - Effect of Aroclor 1254 on the biological fate of 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene in coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). PMID- 3918601 TI - Organo-chlorine insecticides and PCBs in River Nile water, Egypt. PMID- 3918603 TI - Hospitals. PMID- 3918602 TI - PCB congener analysis of water and caddisfly larvae (Insecta:Trichoptera) in the upper Hudson River by glass capillary chromatography. PMID- 3918604 TI - New health service economics. PMID- 3918605 TI - Intravesical mitomycin C therapy for superficial bladder cancer. Report of a multicentre phase II study. AB - Twenty-five patients with early transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder (Tis Ta T1) received intravesical instillations of 40 mg mitomycin C in 40 ml water weekly for 7 weeks. The overall response rate was 70% (complete response 40%). In patients with Ta tumours the response rate was 86%. Minor toxic side effects occurred in four patients and only one patient was unable to complete the course of treatment because of side effects. PMID- 3918606 TI - Bile bacteria and sepsis in biliary surgery. PMID- 3918607 TI - T cells and viral infections. PMID- 3918608 TI - Platelets and coronary disease, round three. PMID- 3918609 TI - Cochlear implants. PMID- 3918610 TI - Media drug campaigns may be worse than a waste of money. PMID- 3918612 TI - Reducing errors in the accident department: a simple method using radiographers. AB - The assessments by radiographers of 1628 consecutive patients referred for radiography in the casualty department were analysed. The radiographers missed abnormalities in the radiographs in 68 of the cases. Casualty officers missed abnormalities in 63 cases, but only 35 patients were common to both groups. Twenty eight of the radiographs interpreted wrongly by casualty officers were interpreted correctly by radiographers; 16 of these 28 were thought by the accident and emergency consultant to be clinically important. It is suggested that a system whereby radiographers signal abnormalities should be standard practice. PMID- 3918611 TI - Risk of cancer in relation to serum concentrations of selenium and vitamins A and E: matched case-control analysis of prospective data. AB - The independent and joint associations of serum selenium and vitamin A (retinol) and E (alpha tocopherol) concentrations with the risk of death from cancer were studied in 51 case-control pairs--that is, 51 patients with cancer, each paired with a control matched for age, sex, and smoking. Case-control pairs came from a random sample of some 12000 people aged 30-64 years resident in two provinces of eastern Finland who were followed up for four years. Patients who died of cancer during the follow up period had a 12% lower mean serum selenium concentration (p = 0.015) than the controls. The difference persisted when deaths from cancer in the first follow up year were excluded. The adjusted risk of fatal cancer was 5.8 fold (95% confidence interval 1.2-29.0) among subjects in the lowest tertile of selenium concentrations compared with those with higher values. Subjects with both low selenium and low alpha tocopherol concentrations in serum had an 11.4 fold adjusted risk. Among smoking men with cancer serum retinol concentrations were 26% lower than in smoking controls (p = 0.002). These data suggest that dietary selenium deficiency is associated with an increased risk of fatal cancer, that low vitamin E intake may enhance this effect, and that decreased vitamin or provitamin A intake contributes to the risk of lung cancer among smoking men with a low selenium intake. PMID- 3918613 TI - Are low cholesterol values associated with excess mortality? AB - The relation between cholesterol concentration and mortality was studied prospectively over 17 years in 630 New Zealand Maoris aged 25-74. The dead or alive state of each person was determined in 1981. The causes of death were divided into three categories: cancer, cardiovascular disease, and "other." Using univariate and both linear and non-linear multivariate methods of analysis for survivorship data, significant inverse relations with serum cholesterol were found for total mortality in women, for mortality from cancer in men and women, and for other causes of mortality in both men and women. The inverse and non linear association with total mortality in women remained significant when deaths in the first five years of follow up were excluded. This suggests that the association was not explained by undetected illness causing low cholesterol concentrations at the time of initial examination. PMID- 3918614 TI - Deaths of drug addicts in the United Kingdom 1967-81. AB - A search of the Home Office index of notified drug addicts identified 1499 deaths during 1967-81, of which 226 (15%) were of therapeutic addicts--that is, patients who had become addicted during medical treatment with a notifiable drug--and 1273 (85%) were of non-therapeutic addicts. The crude mortality fell from 23.5/1000/year for the period 1968-70 to 18.4/1000/year for 1978-80. Altogether 416 addicts aged under 50 at notification died after 1972, which was 16 times the number of deaths expected in a population with a similar age and sex composition. A more detailed examination of the cohorts of addicts notified each year showed little variation between them in the first two years of follow up. Nineteen addicts (1.6%) had died by 31 December of the year of their notification and 39 (3.3%) one year later. These figures may be an indication of the clinical course of addiction. Most deaths of non-therapeutic addicts in which a drug was implicated (939 cases (74%] were due to medically prescribed drugs--barbiturates at first and later opiates such as dipipanone hydrochloride and dextromoramide. Heroin was implicated in only 65 (7%) of these deaths. The Home Office index is a valuable source for identifying drugs of abuse and serious problems of addiction. The fact that prescribed drugs are causing the death of so many addicts demands a response from the medical profession. PMID- 3918615 TI - Epidemiological characteristics of platelet aggregability. AB - The epidemiological characteristics of platelet aggregability were established in 958 participants in the Northwick Park Heart Study. The main analyses were based on the dose of adenosine diphosphate at which primary aggregation occurred at half its maximum velocity. Aggregability increased with age in both sexes, was greater in whites than blacks (particularly among men), and tended to decrease with the level of habitual alcohol consumption. Aggregability was, however, greater in women than men and in nonsmokers than smokers. There was no relation between aggregability on the one hand and obesity, current or past oral contraceptive use, menopausal state, or blood cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations on the other. Aggregability was somewhat, though not significantly, higher in men with a history of ischaemic heart disease and in those with electrocardiographic evidence of ischaemia than in those without. There was a strong association between the plasma fibrinogen concentration and aggregability. The widely held concept of platelet aggregability and its implications is probably an oversimplification. In the prevention of thrombosis it may be as useful to consider modifying external influences on platelet behaviour, such as plasma fibrinogen concentration or thrombin production, as it is to rely solely on platelet active agents. PMID- 3918616 TI - Falsely raised plasma digoxin concentrations in liver disease. PMID- 3918617 TI - Leishmania braziliensis braziliensis infection of the nipple. PMID- 3918618 TI - Partial mastectomy alone in early breast cancer. PMID- 3918619 TI - Cost effectiveness of general practice. PMID- 3918620 TI - Family practice. A Danish view. PMID- 3918622 TI - Deaths from measles in England and Wales, 1970-83. PMID- 3918621 TI - The rapid transit system for patients with fractures of proximal femur. AB - The rapid transit system for patients with fractures of the proximal femur consists of immediate internal fixation or replacement of the fractured bone under spinal anaesthesia, without any sedation. Patients are mobilised within hours of surgery and sent home as soon as they can walk. They are supervised at home by both an experienced physiotherapist and a visiting nurse. Sixty nine patients admitted to a metropolitan teaching hospital were considered for the system and 50 were accepted. Their age distribution and level of general ill health were comparable with those in other series. The rapid transit system resulted in 90% of patients accepted being discharged to their homes within the first five days, with a lower morbidity and a mortality at three months of 7%. Using the rapid transit system rehabilitation in the original environment is difficult only if the patient lives alone, and even then temporary support is often enough to allow them to return home. PMID- 3918623 TI - Problems with inactivation of drugs used in Parkinson's disease. PMID- 3918624 TI - Booze on the telly. PMID- 3918625 TI - Mentally ill offenders in prison. PMID- 3918626 TI - Doctors and the drug industry in Sweden. PMID- 3918627 TI - Prescribing: the power to set limits. AB - This paper discusses drawing up a restricted list of 245 drugs for use in an inner London group practice, based on a review of prescribing patterns in November 1982. The likely impact of the recent proposals by the Department of Health and Social Security to limit drugs available for prescription under the National Health Service on this project and on patient care is considered. We conclude that generic prescribing and a limited list of drugs may improve the quality of prescribing and be the only way to curb prescribing costs but that a limited list should be flexible, responsive to patients' needs, and applied to all prescribing. There should also be a mechanism for consumer feedback and regular revision of the list. PMID- 3918628 TI - PEARLS (personally arranged learning sessions): an alternative to presentations of free papers. PMID- 3918629 TI - Rehabilitation of the elderly: 1--Settings and services. PMID- 3918630 TI - AIDS for all by the year 2000? PMID- 3918631 TI - Coronary bypass surgery for the reduction of mortality: an analysis of the trials. PMID- 3918632 TI - Death or dialysis. PMID- 3918633 TI - Plasma theophylline concentrations, six minute walking distances, and breathlessness in patients with chronic airflow obstruction. PMID- 3918634 TI - ABC of poisoning: psychoactive drugs. PMID- 3918635 TI - Prevalence of migraine in patients with diabetes. PMID- 3918637 TI - Tuberculosis in health service staff. PMID- 3918636 TI - Leptospirosis? PMID- 3918638 TI - Design and interpretation of clinical trials. PMID- 3918639 TI - Trimethoprim resistance in gram negative urinary pathogens. PMID- 3918640 TI - Prevention of meningitis in head injury. PMID- 3918641 TI - How soon after myocardial infarction should plasma lipid values be assessed? PMID- 3918642 TI - General practitioners and the Griffiths report. PMID- 3918643 TI - Cardiac arrhythmias: theory and practice. PMID- 3918644 TI - Containing the use of diagnostic tests. PMID- 3918645 TI - Electromagnetic induction of bone? PMID- 3918646 TI - Antibiotics in hand infections. PMID- 3918647 TI - New hepatitis B vaccines. PMID- 3918648 TI - Respiratory and heart rate patterns in infants destined to be victims of sudden infant death syndrome: average rates and their variability measured over 24 hours. AB - From a prospective study in which 24 hour recordings of the electrocardiogram and respiratory activity (abdominal wall movement) were made on a population of full term infants, 22 recordings were obtained from 16 infants who later were victims of the sudden infant death syndrome. The average heart rate, average heart rate variability, average breath to breath interval, and average breath to breath interval variability over the whole of each recording for the 22 recordings were compared with those from a control group of 324 infants selected at random from the rest of the population. No significance was found in the number of recordings from those infants who suffered the sudden infant death syndrome which lay outside the 5th-95th percentile range of the control group for the four variables studied. In a group comparison no difference was found between the sudden infant death syndrome group and the controls either in terms of the respiratory variables studied or in terms of the average heart rate variability. The results did, however, suggest that there may be a group difference in terms of the average instantaneous heart rate. PMID- 3918649 TI - Brain shrinkage in chronic alcoholics: a pathological study. AB - A quantitative neuropathological necropsy study of 22 control and 22 chronic alcoholic subjects showed a statistically significant loss of brain tissue in the chronic alcoholic group. The loss of tissue appeared to be from the white matter of the cerebral hemispheres rather than the cerebral cortex. This may reflect a primary alteration in the composition or structure of the white matter or it may be secondary to loss of nerve cells from the cortex with subsequent degeneration of the axons in the white matter. Further morphometric analyses including cortical neuronal counts will be necessary to clarify this issue. PMID- 3918650 TI - Pneumococcal bacteraemia: 325 episodes diagnosed at St Thomas's Hospital. AB - Three hundred and twenty five episodes of pneumococcal bacteraemia occurred at St Thomas's Hospital during 1970-84, accounting for 13.3% of all episodes of bacteraemia. Twice as many cases occurred in male as in female patients, and common predisposing factors included chronic chest disease, alcoholism, haematological malignancies, cirrhosis, and sickle cell anaemia. Mortality was 28.6% overall but only 11.8% among patients who received antibiotic treatment for at least 24 hours. Most patients (261) had pneumonia, 26 had meningitis, and eight were children with occult bacteraemia. The commonest serotype of pneumococcus in adults was type 3 (39 episodes), and these strains were associated with a high mortality. Other factors determining a fatal outcome included underlying disease (such as cirrhosis, malignancy, and chronic chest disease) and extrapulmonary infection. Almost half the survivors were treated for 10 days or less and became afebrile within 48 hours. PMID- 3918651 TI - Long term effects of exposure to viral infections in utero. AB - An analysis was conducted of the major findings of a long term follow up study of 3076 subjects who were exposed to viral infections in utero and who at the time of analysis were up to 40 years of age. Mortality and morbidity were compared with those in a control population matched for sex and date and area of birth. An excess of cancers (16 cases against seven) appeared to be clustered among those exposed to herpes viruses (varicella or cytomegalovirus). There was evidence of an increased risk of diabetes among those exposed to mumps during the first trimester (four cases among 128 subjects against none in 148 controls). The most surprising finding was a decrease of diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue and of the nervous system among subjects exposed to antenatal varicella zoster infection. The mechanism for the association may include production of fetal anti idiotype antibodies in response to transplacentally acquired maternal autoantibodies. PMID- 3918652 TI - Is therapeutic ultrasound effective in treating soft tissue lesions? AB - Of 76 patients with lateral epicondylitis, 38 were randomly allocated to receive ultrasound treatment and 38 placebo. All 76 were given 12 treatments each over four to six weeks. The conditions of 24 patients (63%) treated with ultrasound and 11 (29%) given placebo improved, the difference being significant at the 1% level. Improvement in particular clinical variables (pain score, weight lifting, grip strength) also showed an advantage for the patients given ultrasound treatment. A simple underwater radiation balance showed considerable fluctuation in ultrasonic output, and frequent checks of output were shown to be necessary. Ultrasound enhances recovery in most patients with lateral epicondylitis. PMID- 3918653 TI - Assessment of dermal glyceryl trinitrate and isosorbide dinitrate for patients with angina pectoris. AB - Dermal nitrate preparations are claimed to be useful in the treatment of angina, as their slow absorption by-passing the liver leads to a sustained action. Ten patients with angina were exercised on a treadmill after dermal application of 16.64 mg glyceryl trinitrate or 100 mg isosorbide dinitrate or placebo. Exercise duration was significantly increased at one and three hours for both nitrate preparations but not at six hours after application. The calculated workload achieved was significantly increased (p less than 0.01) at one and three hours for both preparations and at six hours (p less than 0.05) for isosorbide dinitrate. Headaches were common with glyceryl trinitrate cream. The dermal nitrate preparations studied had a duration of antianginal action similar to that of oral nitrate tablets. Aside from their value when the oral route cannot be used or absorption may be delayed, dermal nitrate preparations have no advantage over oral preparations for angina pectoris. PMID- 3918654 TI - Persistent nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, hyperparathyroidism, and hypothyroidism after lithium treatment. PMID- 3918655 TI - Severe leucopenia in fatal lithium poisoning. PMID- 3918656 TI - Maintaining the accuracy of a computer practice register: household index. AB - In this practice, with a family practitioner committee list of 9726 patients, we use a computer register for recall, screening, morbidity data, audit, and repeat prescribing. The computing techniques used to achieve accuracy in maintaining the register are described. After one year of full use the register was validated by using the computer to select a random sample of 200 patients from patients' computer records that had not been updated recently. Two patients were untraceable, and in only 11 records were errors of information found, none of which was important. We think that it is feasible and valuable to have a household index. PMID- 3918657 TI - Giving advice about welfare benefits in general practice. AB - Many people do not receive the full state welfare benefits to which they are entitled. Roughly two thirds of the population consult their general practitioners at least once a year. General practitioners and community nurses are exceptionally well placed to detect those who are suffering genuine financial hardship but they are not well equipped to give advice about the complex system of state social security benifits. Imparting such advice in suitable cases, particularly where the lack of it is detrimental to health, might be regarded as a proper function of general practitioners and health centres. A method of providing such advice in a health centre with the help of a computer is described. PMID- 3918658 TI - Provision for maternity leave for general practitioners. PMID- 3918660 TI - Standards in Soviet medical institutes. PMID- 3918659 TI - Role of the CT scanner in the management of cancer. AB - Although the diagnostic scope of computed tomography has widened considerably in recent years, assessment of patients with suspected or known malignant disease remains the major reason for body CT referrals in the United Kingdom. This paper sets out to define important advantages and limitations of CT in cancer diagnosis, addressing the topics of primary diagnosis, staging, and patient follow up. There is relatively little information on the influence of CT on patient management in oncology but reported studies indicate that CT directly alters clinical decisions in 14-30% of patients. This aspect requires further evaluation and is of particular relevance when considering the appropriate use of high cost technology. PMID- 3918661 TI - Limited lists of drugs: lessons from abroad. PMID- 3918662 TI - Hyperlipidaemia. PMID- 3918663 TI - Medical education and practice in Britain 150 years ago: a verbatim testimony. PMID- 3918664 TI - Rehabilitation of the elderly: 2--Mind and body. PMID- 3918665 TI - The Gee case: first expert witness. PMID- 3918666 TI - Can preliminary screening of dyspeptic patients allow more effective use of investigational techniques? PMID- 3918667 TI - Convulsions associated with cyclosporin A in renal transplant recipients. PMID- 3918668 TI - Risk of leukemia associated with chemotherapy. PMID- 3918669 TI - Secondary hyperparathyroidism and bone density. PMID- 3918670 TI - Premature loss of bone in chronic anorexia nervosa. PMID- 3918671 TI - Clinical importance of enteric communication with abdominal abscesses. PMID- 3918672 TI - Role of the occupational health service in increasing the uptake of rubella immunisation. PMID- 3918673 TI - Hypercarotenaemia. PMID- 3918674 TI - Teenage confidence and consent. PMID- 3918675 TI - Peptic ulcers induced by piroxicam. PMID- 3918676 TI - Wide variations in hospital waiting times and lists. PMID- 3918677 TI - Threat to the PHLS. PMID- 3918678 TI - The antiprogesterones are coming: menses induction, abortion, and labour? PMID- 3918679 TI - Who should have an intraocular lens? PMID- 3918680 TI - AIDS and the gay community: the doctor's role in counselling. PMID- 3918681 TI - Lectins. PMID- 3918682 TI - A bill that should be stopped. PMID- 3918683 TI - Effect on clinical outcome of breast feeding during acute diarrhoea. AB - The effects of oral rehydration fluid alone and of oral rehydration fluid plus breast feeding on the course and outcome of acute diarrhoea were assessed in two groups of 26 children aged under 2 years. Children who continued to be breast fed during treatment with oral rehydration solutions passed significantly fewer diarrhoeal stools. They also passed, on average, a smaller volume of diarrhoeal stools and recovered from diarrhoea sooner after the start of treatment. Their requirement for oral rehydration fluid was significantly reduced. Breast feeding exerts a beneficial effect on the course and outcome of acute diarrhoea by reducing the number and volume of diarrhoeal stools. PMID- 3918684 TI - Effect of long term hormone replacement on plasma prolactin concentrations in women after oophorectomy. AB - Plasma prolactin concentrations were studied in 88 oophorectomised women who had been receiving mestranol or placebo for three to 11 years. Thirty one of them were also studied under basal conditions and by tests with thyrotrophin releasing hormone. Under basal conditions the mean prolactin concentration was higher in the oestrogen treated group but under non-rested, clinic conditions the difference was lost because of a rise in prolactin value in the placebo group only. Hence the groups showed a different prolactin response to the mild stress of clinic attendance but the same proportionate responsiveness to thyrotrophin releasing hormone. The data suggest that long term hormone replacement has no significant effect on circulating prolactin concentrations under non-rested, everyday conditions and that the prolactin stimulating effects of minor stress and oestrogen may share a similar mechanism. PMID- 3918685 TI - Abortion due to infection with Chlamydia psittaci in a sheep farmer's wife. AB - A farmer's wife who had helped with lambing aborted spontaneously in March after a short febrile illness in the 28th week of her pregnancy. She developed disseminated intravascular coagulation post partum with acute renal failure and pulmonary oedema. Recovery was complete after two weeks of hospital care. A strain of Chlamydia psittaci, probably of ovine origin, was isolated from the placenta and fetus. The patient's serum showed rising titres of antibody against chlamydia group antigen; the placental and fetal isolates; and a known ovine abortion, but not a known avian, strain of C psittaci. IgG against both ovine abortion and enteric strains of C psittaci was detected, but IgM against only an abortion strain was detected. Histological examination showed pronounced intervillus placentitis with chlamydial inclusions in the trophoblast but no evidence of fetal infection or amnionitis. Laboratory evidence of chlamydial infection was found in an aborting ewe on the farm in January and in remaining sheep and lambs in July. Doctors should recognise the possible risk to pregnant women in rural areas where chlamydial infections in farm animals are widespread. PMID- 3918686 TI - Children with asthma: will nebulised salbutamol reduce hospital admissions? AB - To find out how many children with acute asthma responded to one or two doses of nebulised salbutamol and whether this response could be predicted 100 children were studied prospectively from two district hospitals. Twenty three children needed only one nebulised dose and 19 responded to two. Significant factors differentiating these responders from the remainder were age (24 (63%) of those aged 6 or more responded compared with only six (19%) of those aged 3 or less); regular treatment with a beta 2 sympathomimetic; and use of a rotahaler or aerosol. Those requiring more intensive treatment had faster pulse and respiratory rates on admission and one hour after the first nebulised dose. Another useful clinical sign was persistent supraclavicular indraw. Pulsus paradoxus and peak expiratory flow rate were of limited value in the younger children who had worse asthma. Of 29 children receiving intravenous treatment, 18 (62%) were aged 3 or less, whereas only two (7%) were aged 6 or over. The older children who responded initially to nebulised salbutamol could have been safely reassessed at home, which would have considerably reduced hospital admissions. PMID- 3918687 TI - Morbidity and survival in neonates ventilated for the respiratory distress syndrome. AB - In a retrospective analysis the records of all (210) infants ventilated to treat the respiratory distress syndrome over three years were reviewed. A mortality of 19% was found. Intraventricular haemorrhage was associated than a significant increase in mortality in infants of less with 30 weeks' gestation (p less than 0.001) and was the commonest cause of death. Pneumothoraces developed in one third of babies regardless of gestational age but were significantly associated with an increase in mortality only in infants of 27-29 weeks' gestation. Patent ductus arteriosus was present in 31 infants and was commoner in babies of very low birth weight. The presence of a patent ductus arteriosus was not associated with decreased survival but was significantly related to an increased need for prolonged respiratory support (p less than 0.001). Thirty six infants developed chronic lung disease, three of whom died. Comparison with data from earlier studies indicated a steady improvement over the past decade in outcome for infants ventilated for the respiratory distress syndrome. PMID- 3918688 TI - Double blind comparative study of omeprazole 10 mg and 30 mg daily for healing duodenal ulcers. AB - Healing of duodenal ulcers was assessed in 66 patients who received omeprazole either 10 mg or 30 mg daily for four weeks in a double blind study. Healing was rapid in both groups. At two weeks the ulcers in 15 of the 30 patients taking 10 mg daily had healed compared with 28 of the 36 (78%) taking 30 mg daily (p less than 0.03). At four weeks the respective proportions had risen to 83% (25/30) and 94% (33/35) (p greater than 0.05). In non-smokers the proportion of ulcers healed did not differ significantly with the two doses, although there was a trend for less healing at two weeks with 10 mg daily; in smokers significantly fewer ulcers (p less than 0.05) were healed with 10 mg than 30 mg daily at two weeks (7/16 (44%) v 17/21 (81%] and at four weeks (12/16 (75%) v all 21 (100%]. Adverse reactions were few and transient and were considered unlikely to be due to omeprazole. PMID- 3918689 TI - Absence of response of prolactin to hypoglycaemia induced by insulin in obese children. PMID- 3918690 TI - Cutaneous manifestations of zinc deficiency during treatment with anticonvulsants. PMID- 3918691 TI - Randomised trial of intravenous high dose metoclopramide and intramuscular chlorpromazine in controlling nausea and vomiting induced by cytotoxic drugs. PMID- 3918692 TI - Family practitioner committee independence: what will it mean? PMID- 3918693 TI - Universal claim form for items of service payments in general practice. AB - A universal claim form was designed to replace 12 different forms currently in use by general practitioners in the National Health Service to claim payment for items of service. This form was evaluated over a period of three months in a group practice. It was acceptable to doctors, staff, and the staff of the family practitioner committee. Considerably more claims were made during the trial period than during the same period the previous year. PMID- 3918694 TI - Child health in ethnic minorities. The difficulties of living in Britain. PMID- 3918695 TI - Requests for late termination of pregnancy: Tower Hamlets, 1983. AB - The case histories of all women seeking late (more than 20 weeks' gestation) abortion in the NHS district of Tower Hamlets in 1983 were assessed. Of 12 women requesting late abortion, seven underwent termination of pregnancy. All the women had severe social or psychological problems, or both. The main reasons for late presentation were denial of pregnancy, youth, and mental disorder. In a small group of atypical women late abortion seems to be justified for reasons other than fetal abnormality. PMID- 3918696 TI - Measles matters, but do parents know? AB - Two hundred and one parents attending three child health clinics were questioned about both measles and immunisation against measles. Most parents were unaware of the symptoms and possible complications of measles and did not believe immunisation to be effective in preventing measles. They did not remember having talked to health professionals about immunisation. PMID- 3918697 TI - Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Cleft lip and palate. PMID- 3918698 TI - Precipitation of laryngeal obstruction in acute epiglottitis. PMID- 3918699 TI - On the reputed decline in gastric carcinoma: necropsy study from western Norway. PMID- 3918700 TI - Water intoxication and oxytocin. PMID- 3918701 TI - Trimethoprim resistance in gram negative urinary pathogens. PMID- 3918702 TI - Playing with fire: an experiment in clinical budgeting. PMID- 3918703 TI - Pros and cons of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion. PMID- 3918704 TI - Deaths of athletes. PMID- 3918705 TI - Management of delayed puberty. PMID- 3918706 TI - Graft versus host diseases: new versions of old problems? PMID- 3918707 TI - Hepatitis B virus DNA and e antigen in serum from blood donors in the United Kingdom positive for hepatitis B surface antigen. AB - Serum samples from 214 blood donors in the United Kingdom who were carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) were examined for hepatitis B virus deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) by DNA:DNA hybridisation and for hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and its antibody. One fifth of the donors carried infectious virus in their circulation. The presence of hepatitis B virus DNA correlated well with that of HBeAg, although hepatitis B virus DNA was found in five serum samples that were negative for HBeAg. It is concluded that analysis of serum samples for hepatitis B virus DNA by hybridisation should be the method of choice for determining whether carriers of HBsAg are infectious. PMID- 3918708 TI - Is bile acid malabsorption underdiagnosed? An evaluation of accuracy of diagnosis by measurement of SeHCAT retention. AB - The cause of intractable chronic diarrhoea was found to be malabsorption of bile acid in five out of 42 patients thought to have the irritable bowel syndrome, six out of 29 patients with persistent diarrhoea after surgery for peptic ulcer, 23 who had undergone small bowel resection, and two others. Specific treatment brought symptomatic relief. The diagnosis was established by measuring the proportion of SeHCAT, a synthetic bile salt, retained one week after oral administration of a tracer dose of less than 100 micrograms of the compound labelled with 40 kBq (1 microCi) of selenium-75. These results indicate that malabsorption of bile acid is a more common cause of chronic diarrhoea than is generally appreciated. Measurement of retention of SeHCAT is a simple, accurate, and acceptable means of establishing the diagnosis of this debilitating but treatable condition. PMID- 3918709 TI - Older women's attitudes towards breast disease, self examination, and screening facilities: implications for communication. AB - Qualitative research techniques were used in two studies in Edinburgh to explore older women's attitudes and motivations towards breast disease, self examination, and screening, with a view to identifying appropriate strategies for communication. The results indicated that knowledge of breast disease and screening facilities was poor and that many psychological and emotional issues inhibited self examination. Increasing information about self examination and clinics is unlikely to influence uptake unless it is presented together with emotional support rather than through conventional mass media channels. Such support may best be provided by setting breast screening within general health screening rather than emphasising the single disease. PMID- 3918710 TI - Blood group as a prognostic indicator in breast cancer. AB - A retrospective analysis of 1001 patients with invasive breast cancer showed a difference in survival between patients with different blood groups. Analysis of time from operation to local recurrence and to general recurrence reinforced this finding. The difference between blood groups became increasingly significant after accepted prognostic factors were allowed for. Patients at particularly high risk of early death or general recurrence were those with blood groups B and AB, those with group AB having a greater relative local recurrence rate. PMID- 3918711 TI - Unithiol in Wilson's disease. PMID- 3918712 TI - Hydralazine induced lupus syndrome with eye disease. PMID- 3918713 TI - Cortical blindness complicating Wegener's granulomatosis. PMID- 3918714 TI - Shuttle case records: link between general practice and the specialist unit. AB - General practitioners have participated in the long term follow up of 367 patients who have undergone treatment with potent antirheumatic drugs at this hospital. Over the past two and a half years we have used the "shuttle case record" system, whereby patients' records are mailed back and forth between our department and general practitioners. This seems to work well. It is safe for the patients, and they save time and money in travel. The general practitioners like it, it improves communication between them and the specialist unit, and it enables the specialist unit to use its resources and manpower more effectively. The system may also be used to monitor patients with other chronic disorders, and it may be a valuable tool for doing research in general practice. PMID- 3918715 TI - Prometheus the impostor. AB - The problem of scientific fraud has been used to indict the whole system of science. The response of the scientific community has been understandably heated but insufficient. The discussion seems to have reached an impasse as both parties in the dispute share mistaken views. A switch is needed to a framework in which the democratic foundation of the scientific society and the free spirit of scientific inquiry can be preserved. PMID- 3918716 TI - A narrow escape from splenectomy. PMID- 3918717 TI - Paediatrics among ethnic minorities. Contact with the health services. PMID- 3918718 TI - Control of diarrhoeal disease in Tonga 1978-83. AB - Tonga, like many developing countries, suffers from a shortage of medical staff and a high morbidity and mortality from paediatric diarrhoeal disease. In 1980 a programme was started to train medical assistants and village administrators in the correct use of oral rehydration salt solution for rehydration. The effect on morbidity, mortality, and admission to hospital over the six years 1978-83 was assessed. After the introduction of the scheme the number of deaths due to diarrhoea fell considerably and the state of hydration in children admitted to hospital with diarrhoea greatly improved. It is recommended that similar programmes be adopted where clinical problems of diarrhoea with dehydration persist. Instruction in the use of oral rehydration fluid was most effectively given by non-medical staff to groups of mothers, rather than by paediatricians in their inevitably brief, although important, explanation given in hospital. PMID- 3918719 TI - Craniofacial surgery. PMID- 3918720 TI - Tetanus surveillance: England and Wales, 1981-3. PMID- 3918721 TI - The Gee case: judge rules on meanings of words. PMID- 3918723 TI - AIDS guidelines too stringent. PMID- 3918722 TI - Rehabilitation after stroke: 1--What is the potential? PMID- 3918724 TI - Limited lists of drugs: lessons from abroad. PMID- 3918725 TI - The world cancer burden. PMID- 3918726 TI - Preventing infant deaths. PMID- 3918727 TI - Failure of a single dose amoxycillin as prophylaxis against endocarditis. PMID- 3918728 TI - Value of computed tomography in patients with stroke. PMID- 3918729 TI - Media drug campaigns may be worse than a waste of money. PMID- 3918730 TI - Syringes for diabetics. PMID- 3918731 TI - Measuring serum calcium. PMID- 3918732 TI - Blood pressure measurement: current practice and future trends. PMID- 3918733 TI - Clinical validation of dialysable calcium in relation to other methods of serum calcium measurement. AB - Dialysable calcium (CaD) values were measured by a simple technique not interfered with by protein bound calcium and validation attempted by comparison with concentrations of ionised calcium (CaI) and clinical categorisation. CaD values were also compared with total calcium (CaT) and albumin adjusted calcium (CaA) concentrations. The normal ranges for CaD, CaT, CaA, and CaI were calculated from the results in healthy blood donors. In 50 normal subjects CaD was more highly correlated with CaI than CaT or CaA. The effects of lying down and of venous stasis in 10 normal subjects showed that CaD was slightly influenced by posture only, whereas CaT was noticeably affected by posture and venous stasis; CaA reduced but did not abolish these effects on CaT. The correlation coefficient of CaD and CaI in patients with chronic renal failure was 0.81. CaD was compared with CaT and CaA values in 293 consecutive hospital patients; discrepant results were obtained in 14.3% and 13.0% of cases respectively and there were some clinical grounds for accepting CaD as correct in 86% and 74% of these cases. Measurement of CaD is a simple, reliable method for estimating accurately the calcium concentration free from biologically inactive protein bound calcium. PMID- 3918734 TI - The role of endogenous opiates in thermal regulation of the body during exercise. AB - Naloxone abolished the rise in body temperature seen after bicycle ergometer tests performed by 10 healthy men. This suggests that endogenous opiates play a part in thermal regulation during muscular exercise. PMID- 3918735 TI - Dihydrocodeine in renal failure: further evidence for an important role of the kidney in the handling of opioid drugs. AB - The pharmacokinetics of a single oral dose of dihydrocodeine were studied in nine patients with chronic renal failure treated by haemodialysis and nine subjects with normal renal function. In the patients the mean peak plasma dihydrocodeine concentration occurred later and the area under the curve was greater than in the normal subjects. Furthermore, the drug was still detectable after 24 hours in all the patients but only three of the normal subjects. These data, together with those obtained from previously published clinical case reports, contradict the traditional view that the body's ability to cope with opioid drugs is not altered in renal failure. PMID- 3918736 TI - Low iron intakes among young women in Britain. AB - A large survey by the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food of people aged 15 to 25 showed that the women, and especially the participants "on a diet" or "watching their weight," generally had iron intakes well below the recommended daily allowance. Reduced iron intake appeared to result from diets of reduced iron concentration as well as from energy restriction. Further research is needed to establish whether this population is compromised or whether the current recommended daily allowances are unnecessarily high. PMID- 3918737 TI - Hepatic sequestration in sickle cell anaemia. AB - Several episodes of acute hepatic enlargement associated with a dramatic fall in haemoglobin concentration were observed in two patients with sickle cell anaemia. No appreciable disturbances of liver function or signs of cardiac failure were evident. The most likely mechanism was sequestration of sickled erythrocytes in the liver. This complication, which may have a basis similar to that of splenic sequestration and the sickle lung syndrome, may be easily overlooked unless the size of the liver is regularly monitored in patients with sickle cell crisis. PMID- 3918738 TI - Outbreak of systemic Candida albicans in intensive care unit caused by cross infection. AB - The first documented outbreak of systemic candidosis shown to be due to cross infection with a particular strain of Candida albicans is reported. Over nine months in an intensive care unit 13 patients developed definite and one probable systemic candidosis. Twenty five further patients had superficial candidal infections. The strain that caused the outbreak (serotype A, morphotype A1, biotype 0/(1)5 5/7) was responsible for all the cases of systemic candidosis acquired in the intensive care unit, 11 (44%) of the superficial candidal infections in the unit, and 17% of candidal infections outside the unit but in the same hospital. The strain was also isolated from oral swabs taken from four nurses working in the unit and the hands of one of these nurses. Two out of 17 nurses were shown to have acquired the strain on their hands when examined immediately after nursing systemically infected patients. No environmental source could be identified. The strain also showed enhanced survival in handwashing experiments and was relatively resistant to Hibiscrub. Management of patients with systemic candidosis might include measures to prevent cross infection and handwashing with disinfectants that are active against candida. PMID- 3918739 TI - Blood donors at high risk of transmitting the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. PMID- 3918740 TI - Ultrasound in first trimester shows no difference in fetal size between the sexes. PMID- 3918741 TI - Screening for schistosomiasis among the Yemeni population in Eccles. AB - A population of Yemenis living in the north of England was screened for schistosomiasis. Schistosome ova were found in the urine of five of the 104 patients who were screened, but only two received treatment, owing mainly to the mobility of the population. The results of the screening programme showed that it is possible to obtain the enthusiastic cooperation of many individuals, and organisations, most of whom do not normally work together as a team. PMID- 3918742 TI - Women doctors in urban general practice: the patients. AB - A large study from a representative sample of general practitioners in Manchester showed that women doctors saw more women patients than men doctors, especially in the childbearing age group. They saw a similar range of diagnoses as men doctors, though they saw more women patients for cervical smears, contraception, and breast disorders. Preventive health care may not be adequately provided for these in practices without a woman partner. PMID- 3918743 TI - Women doctors in urban general practice: the doctors. AB - A large study of general practitioners in Manchester showed that women doctors were younger than men doctors, and few were single handed or worked in deprived inner city areas. They had closely similar patterns of care to their male colleagues, and although they worked slightly fewer hours in surgery, they had almost identical consultation times per patient. Women general practitioners were less active in politics and education than men. PMID- 3918745 TI - Paediatrics among ethnic minorities. Asian families I: cultures. PMID- 3918746 TI - Skin cover. PMID- 3918744 TI - Sigmoidoscopy/proctoscopy service with open access to general practitioners. AB - Many hospitals now offer barium enema examinations to general practitioners on an open access basis, so bypassing the traditional sequence of first carrying out a sigmoidoscopy. An open access sigmoidoscopy/proctoscopy service was therefore opened with requests for a barium enema being denied unless preceded by sigmoidoscopy. During the first three and a half years 1458 patients referred direct from their general practitioners were examined using a rigid sigmoidoscope. Patients were also examined with a proctoscope if thought appropriate. After the first year of the service a subsequent examination with a fibreoptic sigmoidoscope was also carried out if the presenting symptom was bleeding for which no cause could be found with the rigid instruments. A total of 516 abnormalities were found to account for symptoms in 506 patients giving a diagnostic rate of 35%. The most common lesion was piles (307 cases). Other relatively common disorders included inflammatory bowel disease (107 cases), benign tumours (44), and malignant tumours (38). Of 41 patients subsequently undergoing fibreoptic sigmoidoscopy a cause for the bleeding was found in 32, the most common being a malignant tumour (16). Most general practitioners in the district used the service and a questionnaire survey indicated that most found it very helpful. Requests from general practitioners for a barium enema fell substantially over the period. PMID- 3918747 TI - Rehabilitation after stroke--2: Language and memory training and the requirements of rehabilitation services. PMID- 3918748 TI - The need for sexual assault centres in the United Kingdom. PMID- 3918749 TI - How many medicines are there? PMID- 3918750 TI - Neonatal meningitis: a review of routine national data 1975-83. PMID- 3918751 TI - Medicolegal. What should a doctor tell? PMID- 3918752 TI - Mentally ill offenders in prison. PMID- 3918753 TI - New hepatitis B vaccines. PMID- 3918754 TI - Threat to the PHLS. PMID- 3918755 TI - Anti-inflammatory drugs and bowel perforations and haemorrhage. PMID- 3918756 TI - Domperidone. PMID- 3918757 TI - Overview of randomised trials of diuretics in pregnancy. PMID- 3918758 TI - Peptic ulcers induced by piroxicam. PMID- 3918759 TI - Royal Liverpool Hospital. PMID- 3918761 TI - Deaths of drug addicts in the United Kingdom 1967-81. PMID- 3918760 TI - Plasma theophylline concentrations. PMID- 3918762 TI - Mixing short and intermediate acting insulins: effect on postprandial blood glucose concentrations. PMID- 3918763 TI - Atopy after bone marrow transplantation. PMID- 3918764 TI - Circadian changes in anticoagulant effect of heparin infused at a constant rate. PMID- 3918765 TI - Thyrotropin releasing hormone but not histidyl-proline diketopiperazine is depleted from rat spinal cord following 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine treatment. AB - Histidyl-proline diketopiperazine (His-Pro DKP) has been proposed as a metabolite of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH). Since spinal cord TRH arises from serotoninergic (5-HT) neurons in the brainstem, a 5-HT neurotoxin, 5,7 dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT), was injected into the lateral ventricle of 7 rats, and the levels of TRH and His-Pro DKP in the spinal cord were studied 5 weeks later. In comparison to the saline treated controls, 5,7-DHT treated animals showed marked depletion of TRH throughout the spinal cord, especially in the lumbosacral area where almost 90% disappeared, (0.28 +/- 0.02 vs. 2.46 +/- 0.01 ng/mg protein; P less than 0.0001). In contrast, His-Pro DKP showed no significant change in any region. Since 5,7-DHT lowers spinal cord TRH by destroying TRH perikarya in the medulla, we conclude that spinal cord His-Pro DKP is not derived from the same neurons as TRH. PMID- 3918766 TI - The use of Synapsin I as a biochemical marker for neuronal damage by trimethyltin. AB - The content of Synapsin I (Protein I) was examined in brain regions of adult rats exposed to trimethyltin (TMT), and in control animals. Long Evans hooded rats were intragastrically dosed with 4 mg TMT hydroxide/kg body weight for 4 days. No perturbations in Synapsin I levels were evident by 24 h following the fourth dose; however, by 36 h, a significant decrease of 28% in Synapsin I level was present in the hippocampus of TMT treated animals. This decrease was selective, no other brain region examined was affected. As determined by regional analysis of inorganic tin, this specificity was not due to a profound preferential accumulation of tin in the hippocampus. Despite the absence of an alteration in Synapsin I levels at 24 h, morphological examination revealed perturbation in the normal uniform arrangement of granule cell neurons, with dead neurons diffusely distributed throughout the facia dentata. At 36 h, these changes were only slightly more extensive. In contrast, examination of the terminal projection area of these cells, the mossy boutons, showed to be unaffected at 24 h after the 4th dose of TMT. However, by 36 h, many of the mossy boutons contained dense bodies and showed signs of degeneration. This result suggested that the loss of Synapsin I coincides with degeneration of the nerve terminal region. In order to better establish the temporal correlation, a less severe dosing regimen (only 3 days of exposure to 4 mg TMT/kg body wt) was utilized to attenuate the time course of necrosis. Again, necrotic changes were visible in the perikaryon by 1 day after termination of toxicant dosing.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3918767 TI - The effect of acetylcholine on neurones of the amphibian nucleus isthmi. AB - In the bird, histochemical and biochemical data suggest that the tectal input into nucleus isthmi is of a cholinergic nature. In the present study the response of toad (Bufo bufo gargarizans) isthmic neurones to acetylcholine was investigated using conventional extracellular recording techniques and ionophoresis. The results show isthmic cells to be strongly excited by acetylcholine (ACh), whereas neurones in the neighbouring areas show minimal sensitivity. Atropine sulphate completely blocked the response to acetylcholine and greatly decreased activity induced by visual stimulus. The present data show that acetylcholine mimics one of the physiological transmitters in the nucleus isthmi. PMID- 3918768 TI - [Possibilities of Neisseria gonorrhoeae ascending into the upper parts of the uropoietic tract]. PMID- 3918769 TI - Relationship between the concentration of myoglobin and parvalbumin in various types of muscle tissues from chickens. AB - The concentration of parvalbumin was determined in various types of chicken muscle by immunological analysis and was compared with that of myoglobin. Parvalbumin was present specifically in skeletal muscle and absent in cardiac and gizzard muscle; exceptionally, neither parvalbumin nor myoglobin was detected in white breast muscle. The wing and leg red muscles, which had larger amounts of myoglobin, contained smaller quantities of parvalbumin. In these muscles, the concentration of parvalbumin was inversely related to that of myoglobin (correlation coefficient = -0.69). Both myoglobin and parvalbumin were observed in the legs of 18-d-old embryos; the parvalbumin content exceeded that of myoglobin until the birds were 4 to 6 weeks old, but the relationship was reversed thereafter. Myoglobin in gizzard muscle was present in 18-d-old embryos and increased markedly at hatching; it was already present in cardiac muscle at an early embryonic stage, increasing gradually until 14 weeks after hatching. PMID- 3918770 TI - Broiler aflatoxicosis with recovery after replacement of the contaminated diet. AB - Broiler chickens were fed a diet containing 2057 and 1323 micrograms/kg feed of aflatoxins B1 and B2, respectively, for 35 d. Effects of aflatoxins on growth, food consumption, efficiency of food utilisation and manifestations of aflatoxicosis were compared with control birds at the end of the feeding trial and at 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 d after replacing the contaminated feed. No difference in food consumption was observed between the controls and the aflatoxin-fed chickens, but efficiency of food utilisation was decreased from 2.2 for the controls to 2.4 g food/g gain for the group fed aflatoxins. Aflatoxins caused depressed growth and enlargement of the kidney, liver, heart and gall bladder. Haemorrhagic spots were present on the surface of the muscles and some of the livers. Most livers from aflatoxin-fed birds were pale and infiltrated with lipid. After withdrawal of the food containing aflatoxins, all apparent gross lesions of aflatoxicosis disappeared, with no evidence of any lesions 8 d after removal of the contaminated diet. PMID- 3918771 TI - Current attitudes of oncologists regarding hormonal mineral and nutritional support during cancer chemotherapy. PMID- 3918772 TI - Human interleukin 2: biochemistry, physiology, and possible pathogenetic role in immunodeficiency syndromes. PMID- 3918773 TI - Biologicals and biological response modifiers: new approaches to cancer treatment. PMID- 3918774 TI - [Demonstration of silver and lead contamination of oysters (Crassostrea gigas) and mussels (Mytilus edulis) in French coastal waters. Microanalytical study by secondary ion emission]. AB - The Oyster Crassostrea gigas and the marine Mussel Mytilus edulis collected from French coastal waters of the Channel, Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea were shown to contain silver and lead. For the Oysters, the highest silver and lead levels were detected in the Marennes Oleron samples; for the Mussels, the highest silver levels were detected in the Seine Bay samples and the lead ones in the Boulogne samples. Target organs for uptake, storage and excretion, including macrophage haemocytes, were established. Ecotoxicological effects of both heavy metals are evaluated. PMID- 3918775 TI - [Effect of the fetal testis on the number of germ cells in the fetal ovary of rats in vitro]. AB - When ovaries from 13.5-day-old fetuses are explained and cultured in vitro for 4 days in a synthetic medium, the number of germ cells increases 6 fold, on average. This increase is only approximately 2 fold if a pair of 16.5-day fetal testes is cultured together with the ovaries or if the ovaries are cultured in a medium in which testes have previously been grown for 4 days. The effect of the latter medium persists if it is dialysed against fresh medium, which suggests that the conditioned medium contains one or several substance(s) of molecular weight superior to the cut-off of the membrane. The testicular effect seems to be effective mainly during the final phase of intense multiplication of the germ cells. PMID- 3918776 TI - [Immunofluorescence localization of corticoliberin neurons in the brain of pigeons]. AB - With immunofluorescence techniques using one anti-rat or two different anti-ovine CRF, the localization of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) producing neurons was characterized in frozen sections of pigeon brain. Colchicine was administered intraventricularly at various day hours. The CRF neurons were localized in the telencephalon: lobus parolfactorius, nucleus (n.) accumbens, anterior commissure; in the diencephalon: n. dorso-medialis and lateralis thalami and in different structures of the hypothalamus: n. praeopticus periventricularis and medialis, paraventricularis, supraopticus medialis, lateralis, ectomamillaris and in the stratum cellulare externum. Concerning the hypothalamic localizations, results are discussed in the light of physiological studies on corticotropic regulations in pigeons. Additional populations of CRF neurons were also located in various brainstem areas substantia grisea centralis, locus caeruleus, n. tegmenti dorsalis, sensorius principalis nervi trigemini, vestibularis latetalis, solitarius, nervi hypoglossi, in the dorsal area of the n. pontis lateralis and in the n. paramedianus paragiganto--cellularis, raphes, nervi facialis, subcaeruleus and the area ventralis. These particular localizations may lead to the assumption that CRF might be involved in nervous regulations other than those related to the corticotropic function. PMID- 3918777 TI - [Electrophysiological maturation of neurons of the lateral geniculate nucleus after lesion of ponto-geniculo-occipital pathways in kittens]. AB - Bilateral mesencephalic lesions, which suppress the PGO activity in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), were performed at two weeks of age in the kitten, and the effects on the electrophysiological development of this nucleus were analyzed at 6 weeks of age. The latencies of LGN cells after electrical stimulation of the optic chiasma were larger, and the number of the differentiated X cells was smaller than those of age paired controls. However, the response of the ganglion fibers was not modified. These results, compared to those obtained on 30 days old kittens, and on animals with a unilateral lesion, suggest that the suppression of PGO inputs to the LGN induced a delay in the electrophysiological maturation of this nucleus. PMID- 3918778 TI - Relaxation of tracheomotor tone by PEEP: influence of hypocapnia and acidemia. AB - The effect of PEEP on airway smooth muscle tone is difficult to assess using standard lung resistance and compliance techniques. In this study we isolated the extrathoracic trachea from lower airway pressure by performing a low cervical tracheostomy in dogs. We then measured the pressure (PTE) within a water-filled cuff of an endotracheal tube which was placed in the isolated extra-thoracic tracheal segment above the tracheostomy as a measure of tracheomotor tone. Sudden application of 10 cm H2O PEEP in normocapneic animals (PaCO2 = 5.6 +/- 0.2 kPa) caused an immediate dilation in this extrathoracic tracheal segment (PTE decreased from 5.7 +/- 0.3 kPa to 2.4 +/- 0.4 kPa). This decrease in tracheomotor tone was transient, returning to control level by four minutes in spite of 10 cm H2O PEEP maintained on the lower airway. With zero end-expiratory pressure the respiratory rate was increased from 9 to 19 breaths per minute and PaCO2 reduced to 3.9 +/- 0.2 kPa. No detectable tracheomotor dilation was observed after the application of 10 cm H2O PEEP to the lower airway. When exogenous CO2 was added to the inspired gas mixture at a respiratory rate of 19/min, the PaCO2 increased from 4.2 +/- 0.2 kPa to 6.7 +/- 0.4 kPa and a tracheomotor dilation in response to PEEP was again detectable. Finally, a 0.1 N infusion of HCl was infused into hypocapneic animals (PaCO2 = 3.7 +/- 0.3 kPa; pH = 7.47 +/- 0.02). After 30-70 minutes, pH decreased to 7.26 +/- 0.02 and PaCO2 remained 3.5 +/- 0.3 kPa.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3918780 TI - [Comparison of the metabolic response of the premature child fed parenterally, and then with mother's milk of prematurity]. AB - The nitrogen retention and plasma amino acid concentration were determined in eight preterm infants (mean birth weight 970 +/- 130 g; mean gestational age 28 +/- 1 weeks) receiving successively total parenteral nutrition and their own mother's milk. The nitrogen retention during both regimens was comparable to the fetal accretion rate. Plasma amino acid concentrations were lower during the enteral phase of the study than during parenteral nutrition. The metabolic response of small preterm infants is related to the quality of amino acids as well as to the route of intake. PMID- 3918781 TI - Invasive external otitis: review of 12 cases. AB - Invasive external otitis is an infection caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa that often occurs in elderly people with diabetes. Twelve cases that illustrate the problems associated with the clinical recognition and successful outcome of the condition were reviewed. The patients' average age was 62.5 years, and they had been ill for an average of 1.8 months before admission to hospital. Predisposing factors included diabetes, swimming in a warm climate and the use of a hearing aid. Radionuclide bone scanning and surgical exploration revealed pathognomonic findings. Initial therapy was often suboptimal: one or more relapses occurred in seven of the patients. All of the patients were cured without relapse after a minimum of 4 weeks of therapy with tobramycin plus an anti-Pseudomonas penicillin. The average duration of the illness was 3.9 months. The outcome in invasive external otitis should be excellent if the condition is diagnosed early and appropriate therapy is instituted. PMID- 3918779 TI - A clinical approach to common electrolyte problems: 4. Hypomagnesemia. AB - Magnesium plays a critical role in many cell functions. Hypomagnesemia may occur because of decreased intake or absorption, internal redistribution or increased loss of this element through either renal or nonrenal routes. Manifestations of magnesium deficiency include alterations in calcium, phosphate and potassium homeostasis along with cardiac disorders such as malignant ventricular arrhythmias refractory to conventional therapy, enhanced sensitivity to digoxin and, possibly, coronary artery vasospasm and sudden death. Other features of magnesium deficiency include a host of neuromuscular and neuropsychiatric disorders. In this review we detail mechanisms that may lead to magnesium deficiency, summarize the clinical features of the deficiency and provide a clinical approach to the diagnosis and treatment of this electrolyte disorder. PMID- 3918782 TI - The efficacy of total parenteral nutrition in malnourished tumor-bearing rats. AB - The current study was designed to compare the efficacy of total parenteral nutrition (TPN), provided either before or after tumor removal, in replenishing protein stores in the malnourished tumor-bearing (TB) host. Fisher 344 rats bearing a transplantable methylcholanthrene (MCA)-induced sarcoma were used. After the animals were cachectic from their tumor, a central venous catheter was inserted. At the time of catheter insertion, the animals were randomized into two groups. Group I rats had the TB hindlimb amputated whereas Group II rats had the nontumor bearing (NTB) hindlimb amputated. After amputation, all animals were given TPN for 10 days then sacrificed. The results demonstrated that TB rats (Group II) had a significantly decreased tumor-free carcass weight in contrast to nontumor bearing rats (Group I). Furthermore, the TB animals had a significantly increased body weight gain after completion of TPN. This difference in body weight proved to be due almost entirely to the weight of the growing tumor. Compositional analysis revealed a significantly decreased protein stores and significantly increased fat stores of both the carcass and liver of the TB animals compared to those which the tumor had been resected. The results of the data suggest that TPN given to the sarcoma-bearing animal after tumor removal is better utilized for replenishing protein stores than when it is provided before removal of the tumor. PMID- 3918783 TI - Results from use of 826 vascular access devices in cancer patients. AB - Vascular access technology is rapidly improving. Over the last 7 years we evaluated 826 access devices in 681 patients with neoplastic disease. The devices included 103 polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) arteriovenous (A-V) grafts, 358 Broviac 2.2-mm and 135 Hickman 3.2-mm right atrial catheters, 161 2.2-mm and 44 4.5-mm dual-lumen right atrial catheters, 12 venous infusion ports, and 13 large bore staggered-tip dual-lumen catheters. All devices provided satisfactory venous access. Twenty-eight percent of the PTFE A-V grafts eventually thrombosed, versus 0.7% of Silastic right atrial catheters (P less than 0.005). Because of its low long-term complication rate (only 7% removed or lost because of a complication) and its simplicity of insertion and use, the Silastic right atrial catheter is now our preferred device. Most patients receive a 2.2-mm dual-lumen catheter, the second channel of which can provide a route for parenteral nutrition or blood sampling, and is a form of "insurance" if the first lumen becomes occluded. In over 95% of patients with chemotherapy-induced neutropenia and fever or bacteremia, their right atrial catheters were not removed, rather they were used for intravenous antibiotic infusions. The new larger bore dual-lumen catheters provided effective access for acute hemodialysis or plasmapheresis, as well as for routine venous access. The infusion port was particularly suitable for administration of adjuvant chemotherapy in the outpatient department, although the complexity of its use challenged the professional staff. PMID- 3918784 TI - Effects of synthetic analogues of teleocidin, indolactam-V, on the differentiation of murine pre-adipose cells. AB - The ability of 4 steric isomers of indolactam-V, the synthetic analogues of the tumor promoter teleocidin, to affect the adipose conversion of ST-13 murine pre adipose cells was investigated. The isomers share the common skeleton with teleocidin A and B, but unlike teleocidins, none of them possess the terepenoid chain in the molecule. We found that only one of the isomers, (-)-indolactam-V, was biologically active and produced up to 70% inhibition of adipose conversion, while the other 3 isomers were without effect. We propose that the biological activity of indolactam-V isomers as inhibitors of adipose conversion requires the indole- and 9-membered lactam-rings with proper chiral substituents, but does not require the terpenoid chain. PMID- 3918785 TI - Plasma estradiol and prolactin levels and their response to stress in two strains of rat with different sensitivities to 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced tumors. AB - Number and development of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced tumors are higher in Sprague-Dawley (SD) than Long-Evans (LE) rats and restraint retards tumor development in SD rats. Prolactin levels in LE hooded and SD rats were similar at ages 62 and 93 days whereas estradiol levels were considerably lower in the LE strain at the early age only. After chronic restraint of SD rats, corticosterone levels were unaffected while estradiol levels increased and prolactin levels decreased. The low levels of estradiol, indicative of delayed maturation in the LE rats at the time of DMBA exposure, might be the cause of the resistance of this strain to DMBA-induced tumors. The effects of stress might be mediated by increased levels of estradiol and decreased levels of prolactin in the stressed rats. PMID- 3918786 TI - Attenuation of the anticarcinogenic action of selenium by vitamin E deficiency. AB - The present study showed that in the dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced mammary tumor model in rats, the anticarcinogenic efficacy of selenium was much attenuated when the intake of vitamin E was deficient. Selenium supplementation at 2.5 mg/kg in the diet reduced the total tumor yield by 45% and 25%, respectively, in rats with an adequate or low vitamin E intake. Measurements of selected hepatic phase I and phase II detoxifying enzymes indicated that they were not responsive to changes in dietary vitamin E or selenium levels. However, a low vitamin E intake significantly increased lipid peroxidation in the mammary fat pad regardless of selenium status, suggesting that selenium supplementation was less effective under this nutritional condition and might be associated with the higher degree of oxidant stress in the cellular environment. PMID- 3918787 TI - The metabolism and cellular interactions of some aliphatic nitrogenous carcinogens. AB - The alkylation of nucleic acids of the liver of rats and Syrian hamsters was measured in relation to carcinogenesis by a number of nitrosamines and azoxyalkanes, most of which induce tumors of the liver in both species following chronic treatment. Two compounds, nitroso-2,6-dimethylmorpholine and nitrosobis(2 hydroxypropyl)amine were not liver carcinogens in rats, but did induce liver tumors in hamsters; there was much less alkylation by these compounds in the rat than in the hamster. In both rats and hamsters, azoxymethane produced a greater extent of alkylation, both at N-7 and O-6 guanine, than did nitrosodimethylamine, although the former is no more potent than the latter as a carcinogen in either species. Both methyl groups of azoxymethane gave rise to N-7 methylation. Nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine (BOP) and nitroso(2-hydroxypropyl) (2 oxopropyl)amine (HPOP) produced considerable methylation of liver nucleic acids in both species, comparable with that by nitrosodimethylamine, and they induce liver tumors in both rats and hamsters. However, in male rats the extent of alkylation by BOP was much smaller than in females and no O-6-methylation was detected in the former; this correlates with the failure of BOP to induce liver tumors in male rats by gavage, whereas liver tumors are induced in females. PMID- 3918788 TI - Metabolic activation of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene in rat mammary tissue: fluorescence spectral characteristics of hydrocarbon-DNA adducts. AB - The hydrocarbon-deoxyribonucleoside adducts present in DNA isolated from the mammary glands of rats that had been treated with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) were separated by Sephadex LH20 column chromatography, purified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and examined by photon-counting spectrophotofluorimetry. The adducts were found to have anthracene-like fluorescence spectra which is consistent with the reaction of diol-epoxides formed in the 1,2,3,4-ring of DMBA with mammary gland DNA. PMID- 3918789 TI - Oxidative metabolism of 7-methylbenz[a]anthracene, 12-methylbenz[a]anthracene and 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene by rat liver cytosol. AB - Earlier studies from this laboratory demonstrated that benz[a]anthracene (BA), 7 methylbenz[a]anthracene (7-MBA) and 12-methylbenz[a]anthracene (12-MBA) undergo a bio-alkylation substitution reaction in the meso-anthracenic position(s) or L region leading to the biosynthesis of the potent carcinogen 7,12 dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (7,12-DMBA). These results support the hypothesis that for most, if not all, unsubstituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon carcinogens, the chemical or biochemical introduction of an alkyl group in the meso anthracenic position(s) or L-region is a structural requirement for strong carcinogenic activity. Here we report that the L-region methyl derivatives 7-MBA, 12-MBA and 7,12-DMBA are oxidized to hydroxymethyl derivatives by a rat liver cytosol preparation without any apparent oxidation of the ring positions. PMID- 3918790 TI - Effect of concentration of D,L-2-difluoromethylornithine on murine mammary carcinogenesis. AB - The appearance of chemically induced mammary gland carcinomas in virgin female Sprague-Dawley rats was blocked by the administration of D,L-2 difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) in drinking water during the stage of tumor promotion. Rats were given injections s.c. at 50 days of age with either 35 mg of 1-methyl-1-nitrosourea (MNU) per kg of body weight or the 0.9% NaCl solution in which the carcinogen was dissolved. At 57 days of age, the rats were each randomly allocated to one of 14 treatment groups. Ten groups (five solvent treated and five MNU treated) were assigned to treatments consisting of 0.00, 0.0625, 0.125, 0.25, or 0.50% (w/v) solution of DFMO in their drinking water; two MNU-treated groups were placed on or removed from DFMO treatment (0.5%; w/v) at 90 days post-carcinogen exposure; and two carcinogen-treated groups received either putrescine (0.5-g/kg diet) or putrescine and DFMO (0.5%; w/v) throughout the experiment. The study was terminated 183 days after carcinogen treatment. All doses of DFMO exerted a protective effect against the induction of mammary cancer; however, only the feeding of the 0.125% and the 0.5% solutions of DFMO resulted in a significant reduction in cancer incidence. The average number of cancers per rat was reduced, and cancer-free time was extended at all concentrations of DFMO. The protective effect of DFMO was sustained following withdrawal of treatment at 90 days post-MNU injection. Feeding putrescine in conjunction with DFMO treatment partially blocked the inhibitory activity of DFMO. DFMO treatment did not affect food or water intake; body weight gain; the weight of ovaries, uterus, adrenal glands, liver, kidney, or spleen; or the periodicity of the estrous cycle. These data provide evidence of an inhibitory effect of DFMO against mammary cancer induced by MNU which cannot be attributed to a systemic toxic effect of this compound. PMID- 3918791 TI - Immunohistochemical localization of cytochrome P-450 and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate:cytochrome P-450 reductase in the rat ventral prostate. AB - Rabbit antibodies raised against the major isozymes of cytochrome P-450 isolated from hepatic microsomes of beta-naphthoflavone- (BNF) and phenobarbital-treated rats (cytochrome P-450 BNF-B2 and cytochrome P-450 PB-B2, respectively) and against rat liver NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase were used to localize these enzymes immunohistochemically in the rat ventral prostate. Using the unlabeled antibody peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique, NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase was detected exclusively in the epithelial cells of the gland to the same magnitude in untreated, phenobarbital-, and BNF-treated rats. Cytochrome P-450 BNF-B2-like immunoreactivity was exclusively present in the glandular epithelium in BNF-treated rats, whereas staining could not be visualized in untreated or in phenobarbital-treated rats. The staining for NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase was more uniformly distributed within the epithelium than was the cytochrome P-450 BNF-B2-like immunoreactivity. Cytochrome P-450 PB-B2-like immunoreactivity was not found, regardless of animal pretreatment. These findings support our previous results (Haaparanta, T., Halpert, J., Glaumann, H., and Gustafsson, J-A., Cancer Res. 43: 5131-5137, 1983) demonstrating the presence of constitutive NADPH cytochrome P-450 reductase in the prostate and that an isozyme of cytochrome P 450 is highly inducible by BNF in this gland. The significance of these findings are discussed in view of the essentially unknown etiology of human prostatic cancer. PMID- 3918792 TI - First-pass metabolism of pentamethylmelamine in the rat liver. AB - The disposition of pentamethylmelamine (PMM) was studied in the male Wistar rat. PMM (5 mg/kg) was administered intraarterially, i.v. (5 and 10 mg/kg), via the portal vein, and into the duodenum to cannulated and unanesthetized rats (n greater than or equal to 4) via infusion. Parent compound and metabolites were quantified by gas chromatography. The areas under the plasma concentration-time curves of PMM after intraarterial and i.v. administration were equal and twice as large as the areas after portal vein and intraduodenal administration. This indicated insignificant lung metabolism for PMM; the low bioavailability of PMM when given via the portal vein or intraduodenally (in both cases, some 50% of an i.v. dose) was the result of presystemic metabolism in the liver. PMM was completely absorbed after intraduodenal administration, and no intestinal metabolism was observed. Linear kinetic behavior of i.v. PMM was observed in the 5- to 10-mg/kg dose range. The area under the plasma concentration-time curve of the first metabolite N2,N2,N4,N6-tetramethylmelamine was significantly greater when PMM was given via the portal vein or intraduodenally than when given intraarterially or i.v. This indicated either extrahepatic elimination/renal excretion of PMM or the existence of an additional metabolic pathway. However, experiments with adrenalectomized rats and rats with ligated blood flow to the kidneys did not alter the area for the first metabolite. These findings may be explained by the formation of unknown metabolites and/or reactive intermediates of PMM. PMID- 3918793 TI - Mitomycin and methotrexate: negative experience in untreated colorectal carcinoma. PMID- 3918794 TI - Effect of mitochondrial inhibitors on metaphase-telophase progression and nuclear membrane formation in Chinese hamster cells. AB - Chinese hamster Don cells in log-phase were exposed to Colcemid during the G2 period with and without a combination of divalent cation chelators and mitochondrial inhibitors. Isolated metaphase cells were incubated as follows: (i) without Colcemid but with other agents and the progression was monitored from metaphase (M) to telophase (Tel) and to cell division; (ii) with Colcemid and other agents and the rate of micronuclei formation in the absence of anaphase was studied. Both EDTA and EGTA accelerated the progression from M to Tel, but did not affect the overall rate of cell division. Chloramphenicol (CAP), an inhibitor of mitochondrial protein synthesis, blocked the effect of the chelators and also retarded the progression. An inhibitor of mitochondrial respiration, Antimycin A (AA), also retarded the progression in the absence of the chelators and prevented the promoting effect of the chelators. A stimulator of ATPase for ATP breakdown. 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP), accelerated the M to Tel progression. Chloramphenicol (CAP) and AA, as well as DNP, appeared to have little effect on the formation of micronuclei in the presence of Colcemid. EGTA, which affects cell surface Ca2+, stimulated the formation of micronuclei. This study indicates that Ca2+ ions and mitochondrial function are involved in the regulation of a certain segment of mitosis beyond metaphase, with Ca2+ sequestration in the mitochondria and chelation of Ca2+ by EGTA as dominant factors. PMID- 3918795 TI - Kinetic analysis of drug-induced G2 block in vitro. AB - The data on cell-cycle effects of two prospective antitumour agents, (+)-1,2, bis(3,5-dioxopiperazine-1-yl)propane (soluble ICRF; NSC 169780) and 1,4 bis(2'chloroethyl)-1,4-diazabicyclo [2.2.1] heptane diperchlorate (CBH; NSC 57198) were used to determine whether a modified stathmokinetic experiment could predict the effects of continuous, long-term (0-48 hr) drug exposure in an in vitro L1210 murine leukaemia cell system. Generally, continuous drug exposure of exponentially growing cells does not provide sufficient quantitative information concerning cell-cycle-phase-specific mechanisms of drug action. Alternatively, stathmokinetic experiments, which are usually limited to some fraction of one cell doubling time, provide little information about long-term drug effects. By using mathematical models constructed for this purpose, however, stathmokinetic data can predict the overall proportion of cells affected by a drug though failing to discern between various kinds of drug action (e.g. reversible v. irreversible block, blocking v. killing action, etc.), especially when it occurs in G2 phase. In addition, it can be shown that for at least one of the drugs (soluble ICRF) the stathmokinetic experiment fails to predict 'after-effects' of drug treatment which extend into the following cell cycle(s). It also becomes clear that the degradation of exponential growth characteristics of quickly dividing cells during long-term, continuous drug exposure makes prediction of cell-cycle kinetic perturbations uncertain when derived from short-duration stathmokinetic experiments. However, with care, the joint application of 'short term' (e.g. stathmokinesis) and 'long term' (e.g. continuous exposure) techniques allow adequate quantitative insight into drug-perturbed cell-cycle kinetics. The applicability of modelling techniques is discussed: in the present instance it is limited to lower drug concentrations. For higher drug concentrations, effects like increased ploidy, ineffective division, etc., make it impossible in the present study to obtain a clear picture of the kinetics. PMID- 3918796 TI - The T cell differentiation antigen Leu-2/T8 is homologous to immunoglobulin and T cell receptor variable regions. AB - Leu-2/T8 is a cell surface glycoprotein expressed by most cytotoxic and suppressor T lymphocytes. Its expression on T cells correlates best with recognition of class I major histocompatibility complex antigens, and it has been postulated to be a receptor for these proteins. We have determined the complete primary structure of Leu-2/T8 from the nucleotide sequence of its cDNA. The protein contains a classical signal peptide, two external domains, a hydrophobic transmembrane region, and a cytoplasmic tail. The N-terminal domain of the protein has striking homology to variable regions of immunoglobulins and the T cell receptor. The membrane-proximal domain appears to be a hinge-like region similar to that of immunoglobulin heavy chains. The superfamily of immunologically important surface molecules can now be extended to include Leu 2/T8. PMID- 3918797 TI - Interferon-gamma accelerates immune proliferation via its effect on monocyte HLA DR expression. AB - The effect of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) on antigen-induced and autologous proliferative responses has been investigated. The enhanced proliferative response, which resulted in the presence of IFN-gamma, was found to be the consequence of the increased density of HLA-DR induced on the accessory cells. The enhanced proliferation was at least partly due to a shift in the proliferation time course. The response to tetanus toxoid peaked 1-2 days earlier when IFN-gamma-treated monocytes acted as accessory cells than when untreated monocytes presented the antigen. Modulation of the level of DR by preincubation of the monocytes with anti-DR antibody with and without IFN-gamma demonstrated that both autologous and antigen-driven proliferation was influenced in proportion to the level of DR expressed at the time of stimulation. These experiments point to the importance of IFN-gamma in inducing an accelerated immune response via its effect on the density of DR expression on the accessory cell. PMID- 3918798 TI - [Chondro-osteoplastic tracheopathy]. AB - Two autoptic cases of chondroosteoplastic tracheopathy yielded features defining the lesion: continuous shrubby proliferation of the inner surface of tracheal cartilages developed bony lamellae in connection with cells of mucosa. PMID- 3918799 TI - [Methods of objective breakdown of costs in health care]. PMID- 3918800 TI - Pharmacokinetics of 5-fluorouracil infusions in the rat: comparison with man and other species. AB - Saturable elimination of 5-FU is exhibited in rats during constant infusions. Over the range of 3-480 mg/m2/h, total-body clearance of 5-FU decreases from 600 ml/min/m2 to less than 90 ml/min/m2. Previously published values for catabolism of 5-FU by rat hepatocytes can be used to simulate the plasma concentrations of 5 FU that were measured over this range of infusions. The qualitative pattern of nonlinear pharmacokinetics for 5-FU is similar in rats, dogs, monkeys, and humans. However, there are major quantitative differences in total-body clearance values, expressed in terms of surface area (ml/min/m2) or as a fraction of cardiac output. Rat and monkey have substantially lower 5-FU clearance values than dog and man. Although 5-FU clearance values were similar in dogs and humans, total body clearance values for thymidine are 18-fold higher in humans than in dogs. The selection of an appropriate animal model to pursue the clinical observations of high total body clearance of pyrimidines remains uncertain. PMID- 3918801 TI - Quantitation by electron microscopy of the binding of highly specific antibodies to benzo[a]pyrene-DNA adducts. AB - Highly specific antibodies bound to carcinogen adducts in DNA modified with (+/ )7 beta,8 alpha-dihydroxy-9 alpha, 10 alpha-epoxy-7,8,9,10 tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene (BPDE I) were quantitated by electron microscopy (EM) visualization and these observations were compared with quantitation of adducts by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The antiserum, elicited in rabbits following inoculation with BPDE I-modified DNA, has been found to be highly specific in its recognition of BPDE I-deoxyguanosine moieties. Parallel DNA samples prepared for analysis by ELISA and EM quantitation were randomized, encoded, and analyzed to determine extents of carcinogen modification in double blind studies. After levels of modification were determined by immunoassays, DNA samples were prepared for EM analysis by incubation with amounts of anti-BPdG-DNA serum in excess of that necessary for complete binding of antibody to antigenic sites. At equilibrium, samples were enzymatically digested with papain in order to cleave anti-BPdG-DNA IgG molecules into Fab fragments in situ. Following column exclusion chromatography, BPdG-DNA-Fab complexes were incubated with ferritin-labeled Fab' fragments of goat [anti-rabbit F(ab')2] IgG in amounts in excess of those necessary for complete binding. When DNA samples were modified to between 0 and 40 fmol adduct/micrograms DNA, excellent agreement was obtained between ELISA quantitation and visualization by EM of antibodies bound to adducts. PMID- 3918802 TI - Inhibition of the mutagenicity of bay-region diol-epoxides of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by tannic acid, hydroxylated anthraquinones and hydroxylated cinnamic acid derivatives. AB - Tannic acid and several hydroxylated anthraquinone and cinnamic acid derivatives inhibited the mutagenic activity of (+/-)-7 beta,8 alpha-dihydroxy-9 alpha,10 alpha-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo [a]pyrene (B[a]P 7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide-2), an ultimate mutagenic and carcinogenic metabolite of benzo [a]pyrene. The mutagenic activity of 0.05 nmol of B[a]P 7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide-2 towards strain TA 100 of Salmonella typhimurium was inhibited 50% by incubation of the bacteria and the diol-epoxide with tannic acid (0.5 nmol), anthraflavic acid (7 nmol), rufigallol (7 nmol), quinalizarin (10 nmol), alizarin (30 nmol), purpurin (60 nmol), and danthron (88 nmol). Dose-dependent, but weaker antimutagenic activity was observed for quinizarin, and a number of hydroxylated cinamic acid derivatives. Gallic acid and m-digallic acid, major components of tannic acid, possessed less than 1% of the anti-mutagenic activity of tannic acid, although m digallic acid was over 3 times more active than gallic acid. The anti-mutagenic activity of tannic acid was a result of its interaction with B[a]P 7,8-diol-9,10 epoxide-2 since the rate of disappearance of the diol-epoxide from cell-free solutions in 1:9dioxane:water was markedly stimulated by the polyphenol. Tannic acid was a highly potent inhibitor of the mutagenic activity of the bay-region diol-epoxides of benzo[a]pyrene, dibenzo[a,h]pyrene and dibenzo[a,i]pyrene, but higher concentrations of tannic acid were needed to inhibit the mutagenicity of the chemically less reactive benzo[a]-pyrene 4,5-oxide and the bay-region diol epoxides of benz[a]-anthracene, chrysene and benz[c]phenanthrene. PMID- 3918803 TI - Neurogenic muscarinic vasodilation in the cat. An example of endothelial cell independent cholinergic relaxation. AB - Nerve-mediated and acetylcholine-induced dilator behavior of feline posterior auricular arteries was studied in vitro. We evaluated the muscarinic nature and endothelial cell-dependence of the vasodilations and attempted to determine if there are inhibitory muscarinic receptors located directly on the smooth muscle cells in this artery. Transmural nerve stimulation of arteries which were pretreated with guanethidine (5 X 10(-6)M) and constricted with prostaglandin F2 alpha (3 X 10(-6)M) caused a frequency-dependent, tetrodotoxin-sensitive relaxation of up to 50% of induced tone. Atropine (10(-7)M) blocked more than 95% of this response at all frequencies. Removal of the endothelium by rubbing the intimal surface did not affect the magnitude of the response, but prolonged it slightly. Neurogenic relaxations in rubbed preparations were atropine-sensitive, although less so than control at higher stimulation frequencies. Relaxation of this artery to the calcium ionophore A23187 was completely endothelial cell dependent. However, exogenous acetylcholine caused dose-dependent relaxations both in control and rubbed preparations. We conclude that the posterior auricular artery is an example of a blood vessel which has muscarinic receptors located directly on its smooth muscle cells which, when activated by acetylcholine released from perivascular nerves, mediate a smooth muscle cell relaxation. This finding contrasts with models of the vascular smooth muscle cell which indicates an excitatory role for muscarinic receptors. PMID- 3918804 TI - Influence of ribose, adenosine, and "AICAR" on the rate of myocardial adenosine triphosphate synthesis during reperfusion after coronary artery occlusion in the dog. AB - Recovery of adenosine triphosphate after myocardial ischemia is limited by the slow adenine nucleotide de novo synthesis and the availability of precursors of the nucleotide salvage pathways. We determined the adenine nucleotide de novo synthesis in the dog by infusion of [14C]glycine and the acceleration of adenine nucleotide built up by intracoronary infusion of ribose together with [14C]glycine or radiolabeled 5-amino-4-imidazolcarboxamide riboside or adenosine in the same animal model and with the same dosage of substrates (9 mmol) in postischemic and nonischemic myocardial tissue. After 45 minutes of occlusion of a side branch of the left coronary artery, the ischemic area was reperfused for 3 hours, and needle biopsies were taken for biochemical analysis. Adenine nucleotide de novo synthesis was found to be very slow (1.5 nmol/g wet weight per hour). The rate was doubled after ischemia. Adenine nucleotide synthesis was accelerated 5-fold by ribose, the basic substrate of the adenine nucleotide de novo synthesis, 9-fold by 5-amino-4-imidazolcarboxamide riboside, an intermediate of the adenine nucleotide de novo synthesis and 90-fold by adenosine, a substrate of the nucleotide salvage pathway. Therefore, only adenosine infusion resulted in a measurable increase of adenosine triphosphate levels after 3 hours of reperfusion, but over a longer time period, ribose or 5-amino-4-imidazol carboxamide riboside also can be expected to replenish reduced myocardial adenosine triphosphate faster than adenine nucleotide de novo synthesis. Studies with radiolabeled 5-amino-4-imidazol-carboxamide riboside showed significant incorporation of radioactivity into 5-amino-4-imidazol-carboxamide ribose triphosphate which had also risen measurably during 5-amino-4-imidazol carboxamide ribose infusion, and which is not normally found in heart muscle. PMID- 3918805 TI - Academic-industrial relationships. AB - In conclusion, it is obvious that the delivery system for medical care is changing much faster than anticipated. Technology is the agent in this process and economics is both the driving and the limiting force: driving because it is the impetus to change the sites of medical practice, limiting because of the constrained number of dollars to allocate to technology acquisition and operation. As we move into the future, it cannot be emphasized too strongly that hospitals and industry should be complementary in this process. To do so successfully requires an understanding of the mission each seeks to pursue and of what each can do for the other. PMID- 3918806 TI - Associations of resting heart rate with concentrations of lipoprotein subfractions in sedentary men. AB - In major prospective studies it has been reported that high heart rate at rest predicts the development of coronary heart disease (CHD) or cardiovascular disease (CVD) in men, but the mechanisms producing these relationships are unknown. Since lipoprotein levels contribute strongly to the risk of CHD and CVD, we examined the relationship of resting heart rate to plasma concentrations of high-density (HDL), low-density (LDL), and very low-density (VLDL) lipoproteins, apolipoprotein (apo) A-I and A-II, and serum concentrations of lipoprotein subfractions in 81 men to determine if atherogenic lipoproteins could potentially induce the reported association of heart rate with development of CHD or CVD. The significant (p less than or equal to .05) Spearman's correlations for resting heart rate vs HDL2 mass (rs = -.24), HDL3 mass (rs = -.40), HDL cholesterol (rs = -.36), apo A-I (rs = -.29), triglycerides (rs = .31), VLDL cholesterol (rs = .24), VLDL mass (rs = .27), and LDL mass of Sof 0-7 subfraction (rs = .30) lend support to our hypothesis of lipoprotein-induced relationships of CHD with heart rate. The correlations for resting heart rate vs triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, HDL3 mass, VLDL mass, and LDL mass of Sof 0-7 subfraction remain significant when adjusted for adiposity, age, smoking habits, diet, and physical fitness as measured by maximum aerobic power (VO2 max) or submaximal heart rate during a graded exercise test. PMID- 3918807 TI - The potential impact of prospective payment plans on the academic cardiologist. PMID- 3918808 TI - Late phase of nitroglycerin-induced coronary vasodilatation blunted by inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis. AB - In chloralose-anesthetized dogs with the left circumflex coronary artery perfused at constant flow, the effects of increasing doses of indomethacin or naproxen on the coronary and systemic hemodynamic responses to a 5 microgram intracoronary injection of nitroglycerin (NTG) were evaluated. The integrated areas of NTG induced coronary vasodilatation were reduced after administration of indomethacin or naproxen. The extent of this reduction was increased progressively by augmenting the dose of indomethacin and naproxen up to 1.5 and 7 mg/kg, respectively. We also assessed the extent of cyclooxygenase inhibition induced by indomethacin or naproxen through the radioimmunoassay of thromboxane B2, which reflects thrombin-induced activation of platelet thromboxane A2 production during whole blood clotting. The level of inhibition progressively increased and complete inhibition was attained with 1.5 mg/kg indomethacin and 7 mg/kg naproxen. Further increase in dosage failed to induce further reduction of integrated areas of coronary vasodilatation, and a correlation was found between the extent of the reduction of the integrated areas of coronary vasodilatation and the dose of indomethacin (r = .828, n = 35, p less than .001) or naproxen (r = .729, n = 35, p less than .001). Finally, the NTG-induced maximum fall in coronary perfusion pressure remained unmodified after inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis, but there was a faster return of the perfusion pressure to the basal value.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3918809 TI - The Technicon RA-1000 evaluated for measuring sodium, potassium, chloride, and carbon dioxide. AB - We evaluated the Technicon RA-1000 "random-access" analyzer for the measurements of sodium, potassium, and carbon dioxide by an indirect potentiometric method (ion-selective electrode) and for chloride by a colorimetric method (mercuric thiocyanate). For various concentrations of control materials the total precision (CV) ranged from 0.9 to 1.2% for sodium, 1.1 to 1.3% for potassium, 1.0 to 1.2% for chloride, and 2.8 to 3.8% for carbon dioxide. The system demonstrated acceptable performance in linearity and carryover. Patients' results from the RA 1000 correlated well with those from the Beckman ASTRA-8. In a study on potential interferences, we found that high concentrations of salicylate and bromide significantly affected measurements of carbon dioxide and chloride, respectively. The RA-1000 requires only 30 microL of sample for all four tests and it offers a high throughout (30 specimens analyzed for the four tests in 25 min). This precise, easy-to-use, random-access analyzer requires minimal maintenance. PMID- 3918810 TI - Choriogonadotropin measured with the Tandem-E immunoenzymetric assay system. AB - We evaluated the Hybritech Tandem-E procedure for quantifying choriogonadotropin (hCG) in human serum. In this "sandwich"-type assay, two monoclonal antibodies directed against different regions of the hCG molecule are used, one coated on a plastic bead, the second conjugated to alkaline phosphatase. The assay can detect as little as 1.0 int. unit of the hormone per liter, shows a linear response up to at least 200 int. units/L, and has good precision. By prolonging the incubations for formation of the sandwich and for substrate hydrolysis, one can achieve higher sensitivity at the expense of a narrower linear range. Correlation with a conventional radioimmunoassay for the beta subunit of hCG was generally excellent, but in one instance the Tandem-E gave an apparently false positive result. PMID- 3918811 TI - Light chain disease and massive proteinuria. AB - We describe the case of a 64-year-old man with lambda type light chain disease, in whom panhypogammaglobulinemia was associated with anemia, massive Bence Jones proteinuria (24.6 g/L), and renal failure. Lambda type light chains were present in the serum. PMID- 3918812 TI - An albumin dimer in urine. AB - An albumin dimer (approximately 134 000 Da) was present, along with monomeric albumin, in freshly voided urine but not in serum from a 53-year-old man with alcoholic liver disease and chronic renal failure. The dimerization, evidently via disulfide bonds, resulted in a loss of [125I]thyroxin-binding capacity. This suggests that the S--S bridging is at a site different from that previously reported. The dimer was unstable at all storage temperatures studied. PMID- 3918813 TI - Altered metabolic profiles of valproic acid in a patient with Reye's syndrome. AB - Urinary valproate metabolite and endogenous organic acid profiles in a 6-yr-old girl with Reye's syndrome were investigated by means of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. 2-n-Propyl-3-oxovaleric acid, normally the major metabolite of valproate in man, was undetectable, while 2-n-propylglutaric acid, the end product via omega-oxidation was markedly increased. Polyunsaturated valproate was not found. Valproate-glucuronide was still found as the major metabolite. The clinical findings coupled with a greatly increased excretion of lactate and adipate was compatible with Reye's syndrome. Ketone bodies were not detectable. This case study shows that Reye's syndrome causes altered valproate metabolism, consistent with the defective mitochondrial beta-oxidation of medium chain fatty acids, and suggests that valproic acid should not be used in the treatment of seizures in patients with this syndrome. PMID- 3918814 TI - Rapid differential diagnosis of carboxylase deficiencies and evaluation for biotin-responsiveness in a single blood sample. AB - We have developed a method for rapid differential diagnosis of isolated or multiple deficiencies of the 3 mitochondrial biotin-dependent carboxylases: propionyl-CoA (PCC), 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA (MCC) and pyruvate carboxylase (PC), and for simultaneous evaluation of biotin-responsiveness using a single blood sample. Lymphocytes were isolated from heparinized blood and preincubated without and with 10(-5) mol/l biotin in medium before determination of PCC, MCC and PC activities. Plasma was used for estimation of biotin concentration and biotinidase activity. A definitive diagnosis could be made in 7 of 9 patients studied up to now: 4 patients suffered from biotin-nonresponsive isolated PCC deficiency, and 3 patients from biotin-responsive multiple carboxylase deficiency caused by deficient biotinidase activity. In two patients, a carboxylase deficiency was excluded. These results were confirmed in studies using fibroblasts. In addition, a simple method for detection of deficiency in holocarboxylase synthesis is described. PMID- 3918815 TI - Defect in alpha-ketobutyrate metabolism: a new inborn error. AB - A pair of siblings with clinical symptoms of cyclic vomiting and ketoacidosis were found to have a biochemical triad of normoglycemia, ketoacidosis and elevated levels of alpha-hydroxy- and alpha-aminobutyrate in plasma and urine. Methionine loading studies in both sibs produced prompt rises in plasma methionine and alpha-aminobutyrate levels, with a subsequent increase in urinary alpha-hydroxybutyrate, as well. Leukocytes from both siblings showed normal oxidation of [3-14C]propionate. Increased inorganic sulfate excretion after methionine loading implied an intact transsulfuration pathway in both siblings. On the basis of the studies detailed in this report, we conclude that these siblings suffer from a defect in alpha-ketobutyrate oxidation, a newly described defect of organic acid metabolism. PMID- 3918816 TI - Studies on the role of the lpr gene in the development of immunological abnormalities and lupus nephritis. Analyses in F2 mice. AB - In order to clarify role of lpr gene of MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr (MRL/l) mice in the development of immunological abnormalities and lupus nephritis, F2 mice were obtained from crosses of (MRL/1 X AKR) F1 mice and examined with regard to lymph node enlargement, numbers of immunoglobulin (IgM and IgG) producing cells (PC) in the spleen, serum levels of anti-trinitrophenyl (TNP) and anti-DNA antibodies, amounts of circulating immune complexes (IC) and histopathological findings of the kidney. Out of total numbers of 234 F2 mice, 54 mice (F2[+]mice) (23.1%) were with lymphoproliferation and 180 mice (F2[-]mice) (76.9%) without it. As parental controls, 39 MRL/1, 27 AKR and 21 F1 mice were also checked. There were significant differences in the all of the parameters tested between F2 (+) and F2 (-) mice. Significant differences were also observed between F2 (+) and MRL/l mice in the weight of mesenteric lymph nodes, numbers of IgGPC, levels of IgG antibodies and amounts of IC, but not in the numbers of IgMPC and levels of IgM antibodies. All of F1 mice tested mimicked AKR mice in the values of various parameters described above. In MRL/l and F2 (+) mice, there were no significant correlations between the weight of mesenteric lymph nodes and other parameters. These data seem to show that the lpr gene behaves as a single recessive trait and there exists gene(s) which suppresses expression of the lpr gene. PMID- 3918817 TI - The effect of Pseudomonas alginate on rat alveolar macrophage phagocytosis and bacterial opsonization. AB - Alginate obtained from a mucoid strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was shown to inhibit the phagocytosis of an isogenic non-mucoid revertant by rat alveolar macrophages. Phagocytosis of Staphylococcus albus, binding of sensitized sheep erythrocytes to Fc receptors and uptake of latex particles were also inhibited. These results suggest that the alginate acts as a barrier, surrounding the macrophage preventing the attachment of bacteria or other particles to the plasma membrane. This conclusion was supported by showing that alginic acid, a polysaccharide from seaweed structurally similar to alginate also inhibited the phagocytosis of non-mucoid Ps. aeruginosa. The alginate also inhibited opsonisation of the non-mucoid revertant by a non-agglutinating hyperimmune serum. It is proposed that alginate confers a selective advantage on mucoid producing forms of Ps. aeruginosa by impairing the host immune response by its action on alveolar macrophages and opsonization of bacteria. PMID- 3918818 TI - The concentrations of IgA and free secretory piece in the nasal secretions of patients with recurrent respiratory infections. AB - The concentrations of total IgA, 11S IgA, total and free secretory piece (SP) were measured in the nasal secretions of 39 patients with recurrent upper and lower respiratory tract infections during an infection free period. In all of eight patients who had selective serum IgA deficiency (less than 0.05 g/l) IgA was also undetectable in their nasal secretions and the mean concentration of free SP was significantly raised. However, the mean concentrations of 11S IgA, SP and free SP in nasal secretions of patients with normal or low (greater than 0.05 g/l but below the normal range) serum IgA were not significantly different from those of 10 healthy normal subjects. In patients with detectable nasal secretory IgA, 11S IgA concentrations correlated significantly (r = 0.57; P less than 0.001) with concentrations of free SP. One patient with normal serum IgA was found to have a large excess of free SP and therefore may have had a relative defect in local IgA production. PMID- 3918819 TI - Immunohistochemical localization of cells reacting with monoclonal antibodies directed against the interleukin-2 receptor of murine, rat and human origin. AB - Recently, species specific monoclonal antibodies, directed against the interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor of murine, rat and human origin, have been produced. In this study we demonstrate with immunohistological methods that cells reacting with these antibodies are present in normal primary and secondary lymphatic organs. The cells are exclusively localized in T cell-dependent areas, and their number increased as a result of immunization. PMID- 3918820 TI - The tumor disappearance reaction: an in vivo effect of a noncytotoxic lymphokine active against tumor cells. AB - A lymphokine, tumor migration inhibition factor (TMIF), that can inhibit the migration of tumor cells in vitro without cytotoxic effect has been described. TMIF can be produced in vitro or in vivo. In the present study, it is demonstrated that administration of TMIF can lead to a transient decrease in recoverable tumor cells from the peritoneal cavities of otherwise untreated mice. This result, which appears to be due to a direct effect of the mediator, rather than a consequence of inflammatory cell accumulation, is analogous to the effect of macrophage migration inhibition factor (MIF) on macrophages in the well known macrophage disappearance reaction. These findings demonstrate that TMIF can exert an effect in vivo predicted from its in vitro properties, and raise the possibility that this effect can be exploited in an appropriate therapeutic model. PMID- 3918821 TI - Reduced false positive reactions in the Dot-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for human visceral leishmaniasis. AB - Specificity of the Dot-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Dot-ELISA) for visceral leishmaniasis was significantly improved through the use of enzyme-conjugated antisera specific for IgG heavy chains. Of sera from Kenyans with visceral leishmaniasis, 97% (29/30) were positive using horseradish peroxidase (HRP) conjugated anti-IgG (heavy and light chain specific) which detected bound IgG and IgM. False positive reactions occurred in 80% of sera from both trypanosomiasis infected patients (8/10) and apparently healthy Africans (24/30). HRP-conjugated anti-IgG (heavy chain specific), which detected only bound IgG, significantly reduced false positive reactions among trypanosomiasis-infected (2/10, P less than 0.02) and healthy Africans (6/30, P less than 0.001), without reducing test sensitivity in leishmaniasis patients. No false positives occurred when either HRP-conjugated antiserum was used to assay sera from 30 North Americans. Application of enzyme-conjugated antisera specific for IgG improves the serodiagnostic value of the Dot-ELISA for individual patient evaluation and epidemiologic investigations. PMID- 3918822 TI - An update on the submerged-root concept. Evolution and current knowledge. PMID- 3918823 TI - Total-body scintigraphy with 131I-meta-iodobenzylguanidine for detection of neuroblastoma. AB - Total-body scintigraphy with 131I-meta-iodobenzylguanidine (131I-MIBG) was performed in 20 patients with neuroblastoma. In patients who were in complete remission no pathological concentration of 131I-MIBG was found. In 16 patients with residual, recurrent or metastatic neuroblastoma the tumor localizations were correctly identified by 131I-MIBG-scintigraphy In 5 patients additional tumor sites were found. In most patients an inverse relationship between myocardial and tumoral concentration of 131I-MIBG was noted. Dosimetric assessment of 131I-MIBG uptake in patients with metastatic disease revealed cases with considerable tracer concentration and long effective half lives in tumor localizations. It is concluded that 131I-MIBG total-body scintigraphy is useful in the diagnosis and follow-up of neuroblastoma and that therapeutic use of this agent is feasible, if patients are selected upon the merits of dosimetry. PMID- 3918824 TI - Apparent compartmentation of body nitrogen in one human subject: its consequences in measuring the rate of whole-body protein synthesis with 15N. AB - The rate of protein synthesis in the whole body was measured in one fed subject with seven 15N-labelled amino acids (intravenous and oral doses) and two 15N protein mixtures (oral doses only). The rates were determined individually from the urinary excretion of ammonia and total urea over a 12 h experimental period. Except with oral glycine and alanine, the synthesis rates given by ammonia and urea were appreciably different within each study when calculated on the assumption of a single pool of metabolic nitrogen in the body. In general, intravenous administration of the tracers gave higher rates with urea and the oral route gave higher rates with ammonia. The differences between intravenous and oral doses of 15N could be reduced significantly by calculating synthesis rates from either the arithmetic or harmonic average of flux rates given by ammonia and urea. The averages correspond to estimates of the total flux in a two pool model of metabolic nitrogen when it is assumed either that both pools receive an equal amount of tracer (arithmetic) or that both have the same rate of nitrogen turnover (harmonic). By so reducing the effect of physical separation of nitrogen in the body, the metabolic aspects of compartmentation of the tracer could be examined. The results show that the absolute value obtained for protein synthesis depends on the source of labelled nitrogen. The data are discussed in this empirical context. PMID- 3918826 TI - Arterial oxygen desaturation during treadmill and bicycle exercise in patients with chronic obstructive airways disease. AB - Nine men with severe chronic obstructive airways disease (COAD), known to desaturate on exercise, performed a 6 min self-paced walk on a treadmill, followed by a bicycle exercise with workloads adjusted to mimic the oxygen consumption achieved on the treadmill. During both exercises, ventilation, oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, PaO2, PaCO2, pH and arterial lactate were measured and subjective breathlessness recorded. A reasonable match of oxygen consumption between the two exercises was achieved. In all subjects PaO2 fell to a lower level during treadmill compared with bicycle exercise. Ventilation, carbon dioxide production and arterial lactate were higher during bicycle exercise. Subjective breathlessness was greater during bicycle exercise, in proportion to the higher ventilation on the bicycle. The greater anaerobiosis occurring on the bicycle led to acidosis and an increased ventilation, minimizing the exercise fall in PaO2. Bicycle testing may seriously underestimate exercise desaturation occurring during level walking in patients with severe COAD. PMID- 3918825 TI - Selective dietary potassium depletion and acid-base equilibrium in the rat. AB - K+ depletion of two kinds was induced in two groups of rats by selective dietary restriction for up to 5 weeks. Complete metabolic studies for H+, K+, Na+ and Cl- were carried out daily during weeks 1, 3 and 5. In control rats of group A (receiving K+ with sodium chloride), plasma pH (7.47) and HCO3- (25 mmol/l), as well TA (titratable acid)--HCO3- and NH+4 urinary excretion rates, were stable, while balances were nil for K+ and slightly positive for Cl-. In K+-deprived rats of group A receiving sodium chloride, a progressive metabolic alkalosis developed (plasma pH reached 7.57 and HCO3- 35.8 mmol/l by 5 weeks), and TA--HCO3- and NH+4 urinary excretion rates were not different from controls. Plasma K+ fell progressively from 4.20 to 2.20 mmol/l, with negative K+ balance. Balances for Na+ and H2O were highly positive and plasma renin activity and aldosterone decreased by week 5. Hypochloraemia developed with positive Cl- balance. In control rats of group B (receiving K+ with neutral sodium phosphate), a slight metabolic alkalosis developed, and TA--HCO3- excretion rate was increased compared with control rats of group A.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3918827 TI - Amyloid 'degrading factor activity': a non-specific calcium-mediated effect. AB - The clarification of turbid AA-amyloid-fibril-containing agarose gels by serum has been ascribed to degradation of the fibrils and designated as 'amyloid degrading factor'. In the present study, sera of 32 healthy blood donors and 32 patients with rheumatoid arthritis all showed 'degrading factor activity' against both AA amyloid fibrils and a non-fibrillar reticulin preparation of normal liver in an agarose plate assay. AL amyloid fibrils were not affected. The 'degrading activity' of serum was correlated with the serum albumin concentration, and the effect was also given by purified human and bovine serum albumin, although it was not seen with other serum proteins. The 'degrading activity' of serum against AA amyloid and reticulin was significantly correlated: both substrates showed low levels in a chronic disease such as rheumatoid arthritis, and reticulin inhibited 'degrading activity' against AA amyloid and vice versa. These results suggest the same process involves both substrates. 'Degrading activity' was also given by EDTA and a specific calcium chelator, and was inhibited by calcium and magnesium. An enzyme inhibitor showed only partial inhibition of the 'degrading activity' of serum, purified albumin, and EDTA. These results suggest that serum 'degrading factor activity' is a non-specific calcium-mediated effect against AA amyloid and reticulin preparations dispersed in agarose. It may represent a change in the degree of aggregation of these proteins rather than being an effect of proteolytic degradation. This confirms the conclusions of other workers that amyloid 'degrading factor activity' is an phenomenon in vitro of doubtful pathophysiological significance. PMID- 3918829 TI - Cost-benefit analysis of water fluoridation in Townsville, Australia. AB - The purpose of this paper is to quantify the economic costs and benefits of water fluoridation in the city of Townsville, Australia. The study has been undertaken in such a way as to overcome the problems associated with hypothetical cohort analysis in the economic analysis of health projects. The method utilised involves analysing the economic effects on the total population subject to water fluoridation, through the systematic disaggregation and valuation of demographic, dental and economic data. The study indicates that significant economic benefits will accrue to the Townsville community through water fluoridation, under a wide range of conditions and assumptions. PMID- 3918828 TI - Histamine-induced asthma in children: effects on the ventilation-perfusion relationship. AB - Asthma was provoked by histamine inhalation in five children in order to study the hypoxaemia that might ensue and the underlying ventilation-perfusion (VA/Q) mismatching. The distribution of the VA/Q ratios was measured by a multiple inert gas technique before the provocation, during the asthmatic attack and after salbutamol inhalation. All children displayed a unimodal distribution of ventilation and perfusion under baseline conditions. During asthma they all developed a bimodal distribution, one mode lying within normal VA/Q regions but with increased perfusion to regions with VA/Q ratios of 0.1-1, which correlated with the observed hypoxaemia; the other mode was centered on a VA/Q ratio of approximately 10 and the magnitude of this mode correlated with FEV1 in percent of the predicted value. Salbutamol improved the VA/Q distribution and restored the blood gases to normal. We hypothesize that histamine-induced asthma causes a state of hyperinflation which compromises regional ventilation and blood flow, resulting in a VA/Q mismatching with one normal and one high VA/Q mode, and hypoxaemia. PMID- 3918830 TI - The rising cost of health care: an issue brief. PMID- 3918831 TI - Responsibility for quality health care in an age of cost containment. PMID- 3918832 TI - Measured and predicted caloric expenditure in the acutely ill. AB - Predicted energy requirements calculated from the Harris-Benedict basal energy expenditure (BEE) formulas, and caloric allowances recommended by the Food and Nutrition Board National Research Council, were compared to metabolic expenditures measured by indirect calorimetry, using a feedback-controlled gas replenishment technique with a prototype device for the continuous determination of oxygen consumption (VO2) and carbon dioxide production (VCO2). In a group of 50 acutely ill surgical patients, predicted metabolic requirements based on ideal body weight (1.75 BEE) averaged 59% greater than metabolic expenditures measured by indirect calorimetry. Metabolic requirements based on actual body weight averaged 52% greater; recommended caloric allowances averaged 39% greater. Thus, accepted methods of predicting metabolic requirements significantly overestimated the caloric needs of these acutely ill patients. These results should encourage the development of new bedside equipment for measuring VO2 and VCO2, so that indirect calorimetry can be used to guide nutritional support in the clinical setting. PMID- 3918834 TI - IV nitroglycerin vs. nitroprusside treatment of myocardial ischemia. PMID- 3918833 TI - Conventional and high-frequency ventilation in dogs with bronchopleural fistula. AB - Seven anesthetized dogs with bronchopleural fistulas were subjected to a sequence of continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV), volume-controlled high frequency positive-pressure ventilation (HFPPV), and high-frequency vibratory ventilation (HFVV). Adequate short-term ventilation and oxygenation were possible with all three ventilatory modes. During HFPPV and HFVV, PaCO2 was unchanged, but hypercarbia developed during CPPV. PaO2 decreased during each mode of ventilation, but HFPPV maintained PaO2 at a sufficient and constant level during the 30-min test period. HFPPV was the most efficient technique with respect to delivery of minute ventilation, the relation between fistula flow and delivered ventilation, and maintenance of both ventilation and oxygenation. PMID- 3918835 TI - Osteoma cutis: computed tomography appearance. AB - Subcutaneous ossification of the lower extremities and chronic venous stasis has been described in the radiologic literature. The computed tomography appearance has been recently described. We present a case of osteoma cutis presenting as a discrete inflammatory mass of a lower extremity with correlation of plain radiographic, computed tomographic, and histologic findings. PMID- 3918836 TI - The effect of route of nutrient administration on the secretory immune system. PMID- 3918837 TI - Impact of profound reductions of PaO2 on O2 transport and utilization in congenital heart disease. AB - A group of eight adult patients with congenital cyanotic heart disease (CCHD) with PaO2 values of less than 32 mm Hg at rest and/or exercise were studied. Four of the patients were re-studied after heart-lung transplantation and restoration of PaO2 to normal values. All eight patients showed increased red cell counts (polycythemia), whereas frankly elevated hemoglobin concentrations were found in only one patient. There was no impressive change in the affinity of hemoglobin for O2 as compared to normal subjects. Blood lactate concentrations were normal at rest before transplantation, rose very modestly during moderate exercise, and were normal following transplantation indicating that the concept of anaerobic threshold is not valid in the present group of patients. Cardiac index was not elevated in the pretransplantation period, indicating that an elevated cardiac output is not an essential adaptive mechanism for dealing with hypoxia. In the pre-transplant period, O2 consumption was elevated as compared to normal values and almost doubled during exercise despite a further decline in PaO2 and SaO2; this establishes that the rate of mitochondrial O2 utilization is maintained despite profound reduction in PaO2. These patients are capable of moderate exercise and normal brain function despite severe hypoxia and the absence or attenuation of various adaptive mechanisms for dealing with hypoxia. Further study of the specifics of O2 transport and utilization in similar patients should prove rewarding. PMID- 3918838 TI - Aspirin-sensitive asthma. AB - Aspirin intolerance is particularly common in asthmatic patients who additionally have chronic rhinitis and/or nasal polyps. These individuals differ in several respects from patients who experience urticaria and/or angioedema after aspirin administration, and differing mechanisms may be involved. Data regarding the latter are indirect and incomplete, but suggest that ASA-sensitive asthma is most likely to be related in some manner to the capacity of ASA to inhibit cyclooxygenases, enhanced lipoxygenase metabolism perhaps playing a crucial role. Current research employing ASA "desensitization" may help to elucidate these enigmas. PMID- 3918839 TI - [Peritoneal gas cyst in sigmoid diverticulosis]. PMID- 3918840 TI - Preoperative radiation therapy with sensitizers in the management of carcinoma of the rectum. AB - There is enough evidence to show that adjuvant radiation therapy contributes to the management of patients with carcinoma of the rectum. In an effort to improve resectability and possibly survival rates, the use of chemosensitizers, combined with moderate doses of radiation used presurgically, was introduced for carcinomas larger than 5 cm in diameter requiring abdominoperineal resection. Based on our experience and that of others, it is believed that the method of administration of 5FU and mitomycin-C is an important factor in obtaining an increased therapeutic ratio. Because of the locoregional pattern of spread of rectal cancer, this adjuvant approach would appear suitable. A series of approximately 60 patients is discussed and the surgical findings and five-year survival is reported. PMID- 3918841 TI - Biliary and pancreatic secretions influence experimental duodenal ulcer without affecting gastric secretion in the rat. AB - The effect of the absence of biliary and/or pancreatic secretions in the duodenum or the enhanced presence of bile at the proximal duodenum on the incidence, severity, number, and location of cysteamine-induced duodenal ulcers was investigated in the rat. Cysteamine produced ulcers on the anterior wall of the duodenum in 75% and on the posterior wall ("kissing ulcers") in 50% of the animals. Diversion of biliary and/or pancreatic secretions from the duodenum increased both the severity and the incidence of the posterior duodenal ulcers. Diversion of bile to the proximal duodenum, on the other hand, decreased the severity as well as the incidence of the anterior duodenal ulcers. Mortality in rats receiving cysteamine correlated with the severity of ulcers. Taurocholic acid at nontoxic doses given subcutaneously or orally to nonoperated rats and rats which had bile diverted to the proximal duodenum aggravated the cysteamine caused duodenal ulcers. Neither proximal nor distal diversion of bile had a major effect on gastric secretion of acid and pepsin in normal or cysteamine-treated rats. We conclude that both bile and pancreatic secretions may directly influence the development of cysteamine-induced duodenal ulcers in the rat. PMID- 3918842 TI - Endoscopic excision of intraluminal duodenal diverticulum. PMID- 3918843 TI - [Genetic control of biphenyl and naphthalene catabolism in Pseudomonas fluorescens PfE1 and PfE2]. PMID- 3918844 TI - Use of essential amino acid/dextrose solutions in the nutritional management of patients with acute renal failure. AB - A review of the literature on the effectiveness of essential amino acid and hypertonic dextrose in the nutritional management of patients with acute renal failure is evaluated critically. Earlier case reports and studies published indicated that the administration of these solutions could lead to lower blood urea nitrogen concentrations, positive nitrogen balance, and various other clinical and metabolic improvements. Recent studies, however, show that various combinations of essential and nonessential amino acids can provide similar results. Some investigators have suggested increasing the concentration of branched-chain amino acids in these solutions to decrease protein catabolism in muscle. Unfortunately, patients with complications such as sepsis, burns, and shock may not benefit from any of these therapies. Further research is needed to elucidate fully the optimal composition of these solutions in severely stressed hypercatabolic patients with this disorder. PMID- 3918845 TI - Angiotensin effects on calcium and steroidogenesis in adrenal glomerulosa cells. AB - We investigated the role of cellular calcium pools in angiotensin II-stimulated aldosterone synthesis in bovine adrenal glomerulosa cells. Angiotensin II decreased the size of the exchangeable cell calcium pool by 34%, consistent with previous observations that angiotensin II causes decreased uptake of 45Ca+2 into cells and increased efflux of 45Ca+2 from preloaded cells. Atomic absorption spectroscopy showed that angiotension II caused a decrease of 21% in total cellular calcium. Angiotensin II caused efflux of 45Ca+2 in the presence of EGTA and retarded uptake of 45Ca+2 when choline was substituted for sodium, suggesting that hormone effects on calcium pools do not involve influx of trigger calcium or sodium. Cells incubated in calcium-free buffer and 0.1 mM or 0.5 mM EGTA synthesized reduced (but still significant) amounts of the steroid in response to hormone. Cells incubated in increasing concentrations of extracellular calcium contained increasing amounts of intracellular calcium and synthesized increasing amounts of aldosterone in response to angiotensin II. These results point to the participation of intracellular calcium pools in angiotensin II-stimulated steroidogenesis and the importance of extracellular calcium in maintaining these pools. PMID- 3918846 TI - The effects of thyroid hormone deprivation in vivo and in vitro on growth hormone (GH) responses to human pancreatic (tumor) GH-releasing factor (1-40) by dispersed rat anterior pituitary cells. AB - Anterior pituitary cells from euthyroid and hypothyroid male rats have been cultured as monolayers for 3 days with or without 5 nM T3 and stimulated with either human pancreatic GH-releasing factor 1-40 (hpGRF), TRH, or the Ca2+ channel ionophore A23187. Basal GH secretion was reduced in the hypothyroid cultures (P less than 0.001) and basal TSH secretion increased (P less than 0.001). Culture with T3 increased GH secretion and intracellular GH content in euthyroid and hypothyroid cultures but suppressed TSH secretion with no effect on intracellular TSH content in either euthyroid or hypothyroid cultures. hpGRF released more GH from euthyroid [3.52 +/- 0.2 (SE) micrograms/6 h X 10(5) cells] than hypothyroid cultures of (0.17 +/- 0.01 micrograms/6 h X 10(5) cells, P less than 0.001) without a change in ED50 (approximately 0.02 nM). The reduction in hpGRF-induced GH release remained significant when corrected for the reduced intracellular GH content in the hypothyroid cultures. hpGRF-induced GH release also declined relative to A23187-induced GH release in hypothyroid cultures. Culture with 5 nM T3 doubled maximum hpGRF-induced GH release in euthyroid cultures and increased maximum release 10-fold in hypothyroid cultures without altering the ED50 of hpGRF action. In contrast, T3 suppressed TRH-induced TSH release in euthyroid cultures but was without effect on TRH-induced TSH release in the hypothyroid cultures. T3 did not effect the ED50 of TRH action (2-5 nM). In summary, hypothyroid rat anterior pituitary cells in culture have a reduced maximal GH response to hpGRF, but the same ED50. hpGRF activity can be partially restored by physiological concentrations of T3 in vitro. PMID- 3918847 TI - Control of granulosa cell lactate production by follicle-stimulating hormone and androgen. AB - Lactate accumulation in granulosa cell cultures (prepared from estrogen pretreated immature rat ovaries) increased with human FSH (hFSH) concentration in the culture medium. In 48-h cultures, maximal stimulation (approximately 25%) occurred in the presence of more than or equal to 100 ng hFSH/ml. Human CG (hCG) (3-1000 ng/ml) had no effect. Testosterone and 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (10( 8)-10(-6) M) did not affect basal lactate accumulation but they enhanced (dose dependent) the response to hFSH: lactate levels after 48 h of treatment with 10( 7) M testosterone plus 100 ng/ml hFSH were 100% higher than those in untreated control cultures. Lactate was refractory to estradiol and progesterone (10(-8) 10(-6) M) even in the presence of hFSH. Progesterone accumulation showed a qualitatively similar pattern of response to the gonadotropins and sex steroids. As expected, the progesterone response to hFSH (100 ng/ml) plus testosterone (10( 7) M) was progressively suppressed in the presence of 10(-7)-10(-5) M nonsteroidal antiandrogen (SCH16423). Lactate accumulation was also reduced. However, maximal inhibition did not exceed 18% in the presence of SCH16423 at 10( 6) or 10(-5) M as compared with the 80% inhibition of progesterone accumulation observed at 10(-5) M. In the absence of androgenic steroid, the lactate response to hFSH was increased approximately 30% by the high dose of SCH16423. A corresponding synandrogenic action of the drug on FSH-sensitive progesterone accumulation was not observed. These results are evidence that carbohydrate metabolism in differentiating granulosa cells is subject to direct and specific control by FSH and androgenic steroid. PMID- 3918848 TI - Differential effects of thyrotropin-releasing hormone, vasoactive intestinal peptide, phorbol ester, and depolarization in GH4C1 rat pituitary cells. AB - The sequence of PRL and GH release from GH4C1 cells was studied in perifusion and static culture systems. The secretory pattern elicited by TRH differed from those caused by depolarizing concentrations of KCl (Ca2+-initiated secretion), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), 8-bromo-cAMP, and forskolin (cAMP-mediated secretion), and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) (protein kinase C activation). TRH, K+, VIP, and TPA all caused secretion within 1 min in the perifusion system but the peak response to TRH and depolarization occurred earlier than the peak responses to TPA and VIP. PRL and GH release in response to a pulsatile application of TRH (0.4-min pulse every 5 min for 25 min) did not decline with a low dose, indicating that acute desensitization does not occur, but did decrease with a high concentration. When cells in the perifusion system were subjected to continuous stimulation, TRH caused a biphasic response with a 2 to 3-min period of high secretion followed by a second phase in which GH and PRL secretion were 60-70% the rates in the first phase. KCl caused predominantly first-phase secretion, and TPA caused a biphasic secretory pattern with a delay in its peak of action. VIP caused a modest but prolonged response whether administered in a pulsatile or sustained manner. When GH-cells were exposed to 100 nM TRH for 2 days, [3H] [N3-methyl-His2]TRH binding was decreased (down regulation), intracellular PRL was increased (170% of control), and intracellular GH was decreased (65% of control). In these down-regulated cells, baseline PRL and GH secretion were changed in proportion to the relative intracellular hormone content. The responsiveness to TRH, KCl, and TPA during the initial 10-min period (first phase) was reduced; however, the responsiveness to these substances in the subsequent 50-min period (second phase) was unchanged. The ED50 for TRH stimulation of hormone release was increased 2- to 4-fold in down-regulated cells, but the dose-response curves for other secretagogues were not shifted. These data suggest that the initial burst of hormone release caused by TRH is mediated by Ca2+, and that prolonged exposure to TRH causes homologous desensitization. PMID- 3918849 TI - Parallel studies of His-DTrp-Ala-Trp-DPhe-Lys-NH2 and human pancreatic growth hormone-releasing factor-44-NH2 in rat primary pituitary cell monolayer culture. AB - His-DTrp-Ala-Trp-DPhe-Lys-NH2 (GH-RP-6) is a synthetic hexapeptide that specifically releases GH both in vivo and in vitro in pituitary incubates. In this study, for the first time, GH-RP-6 was studied in primary pituitary cell monolayer culture. Parallel studies were performed with human pancreatic GH releasing factor-44 (hpGRF-44). Culture conditions optimal for GH-RP-6 were not optimal for hpGRF-44. Both peptides released GH in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In this assay system, the ED50 for GH-RP-6 was 9 nM, and the ED50 for hp GRF-44 was 1.6 nM. Calcium-blocking agents inhibited the GH responses of both peptides as well as basal GH release. Pretreatment with GH-RP-6 decreased the subsequent response to both GH-RP-6 and hpGRF-44. hpGRF-44 down regulated itself but not GH-RP-6. Rat sera potentiated the GH response of hpGRF-44 but not that of GH-RP-6. GH-RP-6 and hpGRF-44 GH responses were additive. These results suggest that GH-RP-6 and hpGRF-44 stimulate GH release via different somatotroph receptors. PMID- 3918850 TI - Growth hormone-releasing factor desensitization in rat anterior pituitary cells in vitro. AB - Preincubation of rat pituitary cells in primary culture with rat GH-releasing factor (rGRF) resulted in substantial desensitization to subsequent GRF stimulation. rGRF-directed GH release and intracellular cAMP accumulation decreased in the desensitized cells. Whereas prior treatment of rat pituitary cells caused partial depletion of intracellular GH levels, diminished cellular reserves could not entirely account for the decreased GH release. Cells that had been preexposed to 10 nM rGRF for 4 h demonstrated at 30-50% depletion of intracellular GH; subsequent stimulation of those cells with 10 nM rGRF elicited GH release which was only 5% of that seen in cells that were not desensitized [control, 112 +/- 3.2 ng/well (+/- SEM); GRF-stimulated, 435 +/- 32 ng/well; GRF pretreated, control, 63 +/- 3 ng/well, GRF-pretreated, GRF-stimulated, 73 +/- 3.4 ng/well]. Despite the marked depletion of cellular GH stores and the greatly diminished rGRF-stimulated GH release in cells that had been preexposed to rGRF, both forskolin and (Bu)2cAMP were able to induce a 2-fold stimulation of GH release. Incubation of the rGRF-pretreated cells with fresh medium which lacked rGRF resulted in gradual recovery of the ability of rGRF to stimulate GH release without complete reconstitution of the intracellular GH stores. These results indicate that exposure of rat pituitary cells to rGRF results in 1) partial depletion of intracellular GH stores; 2) a diminished ability of a subsequent rGRF challenge to elicit GH secretion and intracellular cAMP accumulation, and 3) a sustained ability of forskolin and (Bu)2cAMP to stimulate GH release, indicating that rGRF desensitization occurs in vitro. PMID- 3918851 TI - The membrane-bound spermatozoal adenylyl cyclase system does not share coupling characteristics with somatic cell adenylyl cyclases. AB - Membrane-bound adenylyl cyclases from ram, dog, and human sperm are unresponsive to fluoride and guanylylimidodiphosphate [GMP-P(NH)P], two agents that stimulate the adenylyl cyclases of somatic cells by an action on the stimulatory guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory (Ns) component of adenylyl cyclase. We have investigated whether this is because the sperm cell catalytic unit is functionally uncoupled from Ns but, nevertheless, capable of interacting with it, or because the sperm cell adenylyl cyclase system is unique and regulated differently from that of somatic cells. Sperm cells were found to be deficient in Ns, as evidenced by the inability of detergent extracts from sperm cell membranes and fractions to reconstitute Ns-mediated regulation of the adenylyl cyclase of cyc- S49 cells. In addition, attempts to label Ns in sperm cell membranes by [32P]ADP ribosylation with cholera toxin revealed that, if present, Ns is less than 1% of that found in human erythrocyte membranes. This, however, was not the only reason for the unresponsiveness of sperm cell adenylyl cyclase, since fluoride stimulation of the sperm cell enzyme could not be induced by reconstituting it with Ns purified from human erythrocytes (hRBC). When intact hRBC membranes were added to sperm cell fractions in the presence of fluoride, the activities that resulted were greater than the sum of the individual activities. This apparent reconstitution of fluoride regulation of sperm cell adenylyl cyclase could be blocked by lima bean trypsin inhibitor and appears to have resulted from proteolytic activation of the hRBC adenylyl cyclase by sperm proteases. Sperm cell membranes also appear to lack a functional inhibitory regulatory protein of the adenylyl cyclase system (Ni), since they did not contain an ADP-ribosylatable substrate for pertussis toxin action. These results suggest that the sperm cell adenylyl cyclase system is unique and different from that of somatic cells. Sperm cells appear to neither contain Ns or Ni nor possess the ability of their adenylyl cyclase system to interact with Ns from an exogenous source. PMID- 3918852 TI - Evidence for a physiological role of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) or GnRH-like material in the ovary. AB - The possibility that GnRH or a GnRH-like material of ovarian origin may play a physiological role in follicular development was explored in immature hypophysectomized rats by testing whether a potent synthetic antagonist of GnRH action [( N-acetyl-dehydro-Pro1,D-p-chloro-Phe2,D-Trp3,6]GnRH), would potentiate FSH-induced maturation of ovarian follicles to an ovulable stage. Rats were hypophysectomized on day 25 of their life and implanted with a Silastic capsule containing diethylstilbestrol. On day 30, they were started on injections of 10 micrograms NIH FSH-S12 twice daily alone (control) or in combination with 10 micrograms of either native GnRH or GnRH antagonist. On day 35, all rats received 30 IU hCG to trigger ovulation and luteinization of mature follicles. Rats were killed 25.5-28 h later and inspected for number of ova in Fallopian tubes, ovarian weight, number of corpora lutea (CL) on ovarian surface, and appearance of hematoxylin-eosin-stained ovarian slices. In control animals (n = 6), we found some ovulations (mean +/- SEM, 3.2 +/- 1.1/rat), many more CL (16.5 +/- 4.5/rat), and ovarian weights of 37.7 +/- 1.1 mg/rat. In GnRH-treated rats (n = 5), there were no CL formed, no ova were found, and ovarian weights were 16.0 +/- 1.5 mg/rat. In contrast, in GnRH antagonist-treated rats (n = 5), 16.4 +/- 1.6 ova/rat were recovered from the Fallopian tubes, and ovaries contained 20.8 +/- 2.5 CL/rat and weighed 52.7 +/- 3.2 mg/rat. All changes were statistically significant. We conclude that an antagonist of GnRH action is able to potentiate the action of FSH on ovarian follicle development and suggest that it does so by inhibiting the action of an endogenous GnRH or GnRH-like substance that may play a role as a physiological atretic signal. PMID- 3918853 TI - In vitro conditions modify immunoassayability of bovine pituitary prolactin and growth hormone: insights into their secretory granule storage forms. AB - The amount of immunoassayable intracellular bovine (b) PRL and GH varies depending on treatment conditions. The present studies were designed to characterize the mechanisms involved and to compare immunoassayability of both hormones under similar conditions. Pituitary homogenate and secretory granule hormones displayed both time- and temperature-dependent increases when incubated at pH 10.5 with reduced glutathione; for example, 180 min values were 156% (GH) and 439% (PRL) at 22 C compared with control homogenate values. Under these conditions, PRL in granule cores (the sedimentable fraction after hypotonic lysis of granules) increased the most, changing 120-fold from 2.9 +/- 0.25 micrograms/ml (pH 8.3 control) to 349 +/- 22.8 micrograms/ml. Isolated oligomeric PRL increased significantly after exposure to mercaptoethanol, indicating that changes in assayability do not require nonhormonal granule components. No change in monomeric PRL, or GH in either form, was observed. Pretreatment with iodoacetamide resulted in a 33% decrease in maximal PRL values, indicating the presence and functional importance of granule thiols. Cysteamine inhibition of bPRL values in cores was modulated by urea, EDTA, and iodoacetamide. Though 5 M urea or 0.5% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) increased granule PRL at pH 8.3, maximal values required thiols at pH 10.5. In contrast, maximal GH values were obtained with SDS at pH 8.3 without thiols. Changes in immunoassayability seem to reflect conversion from poorly immunoactive tissue hormone oligomers to monomeric hormone. The data indicate that oligomeric bPRL is stabilized primarily by intermolecular disulfide bonds, although it is also susceptible to urea, SDS, and EDTA; granule thiols may also influence the conversion to monomer. The storage form of bGH appears to be stabilized differently. Maneuvers demonstrated in these studies to influence immunoassayability correlate very well with their previously established effects on hormone release and secretion, strengthening the likelihood that a functional link exists between assayability and secretion. PMID- 3918854 TI - Thyroxine (T4) release from thyroglobulin and its T4-containing peptide by thyroid thiol proteases. AB - Two thiol proteases, TP-1 and TP-2, were purified 500- and 400-fold, respectively, from hog thyroid lysosomal extracts and examined for their activities as releasers of T4 1) from hog thyroglobulin, 2) a fragment (mol wt, approximately 15,000) prepared therefrom, and 3) a T4-containing peptide (19 amino acid residues) derived from the fragment, by measuring the liberation of free T4 with reversed phase HPLC. TP-1 released 8%, 55%, and 95% of the bound T4 present in thyroglobulin, the fragment, and the peptide, respectively, after incubation for 8 h. TP-2, on the other hand, released only 2% of the bound T4 in thyroglobulin and liberated no T4 from the fragment and the peptide. The release of T4 from thyroglobulin by the action of TP-1 was increased approximately 2-fold by the addition of TP-2. This synergistic effect suggested that TP-1 can release T4 from thyroglobulin much more efficiently after the protein has been partially degraded by the action of TP-2, which has only a poor T4-releasing activity. It also suggested that the T4-releasing activity of TP-1 markedly increases as the size of protein substrate is decreased. The amino acid composition of the T4 containing peptide was identical with that previously isolated from bovine thyroglobulin, and this peptide sequence has been shown to be derived from the NH2-terminal portion of the thyroglobulin. This suggests that TP-1 can release T4 at least from the NH2-terminal region of thyroglobulin. PMID- 3918855 TI - Priming procedure and hormone preparations influence rat granulosa cell response. AB - The FSH activity in equine (e) FSH, eLH, eCG, and ovine LH were examined and compared to that in the standard reference preparation NIH FSH-S13 by three types of assay: the FSH radioreceptor assay with rat testicular homogenate and the stimulation of plasminogen activator production and steroidogenic activity in granulosa cells from diethylstilbestrol (DES)- or eCG-primed donor rats. The difference in the two types of granulosa cells was that the eCG-primed cells have already acquired significant aromatase activity. With the exception of oLH, which showed very little FSH activity (approximately 0.03-0.08 X NIH FSH-S13) throughout the three assays, the equine gonadotropins exhibited great variations in activity with respect to each assay. eFSH, the most active molecule in these assays, had an activity of 44 X NIH FSH-S13 in the receptor binding assay, 8.75 X NIH FSH-S13 in plasminogen activator production, and 4-5 X NIH FSH-S13 in steroid production when assayed in the DES-primed granulosa cells. In the eCG-primed cells, eFSH showed an activity of 4.2 X NIH FSH-S13 in plasminogen activator production and 8.2 X NIH FSH-S13 in progesterone production. eLH had an activity of 10 X NIH FSH-S13 in FSH radioreceptor assay, but showed very little activity and behaved like oLH in stimulation of the cellular responses of DES-primed granulosa cells. However, when eLH was assayed in the eCG-primed cells, it did show stimulating activity with respect to the production of plasminogen activator and progesterone; however, the dose-response curves were not parallel to those of eFSH and eCG. eCG had much less FSH receptor-binding activity (0.29 X NIH FSH S13) than eLH. It behaved like a LH molecule in DES-primed granulosa cells, but did show activity (approximately 1 X NIH FSH-S13) in stimulating the production of plasminogen activator and progesterone in eCG-primed granulosa cells. From these results, we conclude that under our culture conditions, neither eLH nor eCG was active in the DES-primed granulosa cells, but both were active in the eCG primed cells, and that the choice of assay conditions and reference standards is very important. Different types of assay may give rise to completely different comparisons for the same molecules. The equine gonadotropins provide a particularly dramatic example of such differences. PMID- 3918856 TI - Evidence supporting a correlation between arachidonic acid release and prolactin secretion from GH3 cells. AB - In this study, pharmacological agents that alter phospholipase A2 activity were examined for their effects on PRL release and arachidonic acid mobilization in GH3 cells, a pituitary tumor cell line. Stimulators of phospholipase A2 activity, melittin and mastoparan, increased PRL release during short term incubation. This stimulation was reduced by carbachol, a cholinergic receptor ligand that inhibits PRL release from GH3 cells. Melittin also caused release of [3H]arachidonic acid that had previously been incorporated into phospholipids. Increased levels of free [3H]arachidonic acid in the medium were associated with a loss of radiolabel from the phospholipid fraction of the cells. The [3H]arachidonic acid in phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, and phosphatidylinositol was reduced during melittin exposure. In contrast, two inhibitors of phospholipase A2, dibromoacetophenone (BAP) and U10029A, inhibited spontaneous PRL release. BAP also decreased basal release of [3H]arachidonic acid, blocked melitin-induced PRL secretion, and inhibited melittin-induced [3H] arachidonic acid release. Exogenous arachidonic acid at doses from 10 nM to 1 microM stimulated PRL secretion. The phospholipase A2 inhibitor BAP blocked TRH- and vasoactive intestinal peptide-induced PRL release, whereas U10029A blocked cAMP-induced and blunted TRH- and vasoactive intestinal peptide-induced PRL release. The hydrolysis of membrane phospholipids generating free arachidonic acid and lysophospholipid under our experimental conditions correlated with PRL secretion in GH3 cells. Addition of arachidonic acid to the culture medium stimulated PRL secretion. These data suggest that release of arachidonic acid and its subsequent actions may participate in the intracellular regulation of PRL secretion. PMID- 3918857 TI - Multiple forms of human pancreatic growth hormone releasing factor-like immunoreactivity in teleost brain and pituitary. AB - Two anatomically distinct neuronal GRF systems in the brain-pituitary of the teleost codfish (Gadus morhua), immunohistochemically localized by use of antisera directed against hpGRF1-44NH2 and hpGRF1-40OH are described. Chromatographic analysis additionally revealed the presence of three molecular variants of immunoreactive hpGRF1-44NH2, two of which differ from the authentic human material. However, all three forms released GH from rat pituitary cells in dispersed culture. These findings indicate that hpGRF is highly conserved in nature and suggest that peptides closely related to this human hypothalamic releasing hormone regulate the teleost pituitary. PMID- 3918858 TI - Cultured granulosa cells produce two plasminogen activators and an antiactivator, each regulated differently by gonadotropins. AB - Although treatment of cultured granulosa cells with gonadotropins increases their fibrinolytic activity, the biochemical nature of this effect is unclear. We have used sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and fibrin autography techniques to characterize the fibrinolytic components secreted by granulosa cells. The fibrinolytic activity of these cells results from the production of both a tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) and a urokinase like activator (u-PA). The cells also produce an inhibitor of fibrinolysis (antiactivator). FSH and LH stimulate t-PA activity and suppress antiactivator activity, while u-PA activity is not affected by the gonadotropins. The differential regulation of these molecules by the gonadotropins may be essential for ovulation. PMID- 3918859 TI - Intelligence test performance of patients with partial and generalized seizures. AB - The intellectual performance of 350 patients with seizures was examined. Seizures were classified according to the revised International Classification of Epileptic Seizures as partial (simple or complex), generalized, or partial secondarily generalized. Performance on the Wechsler Intelligence subtests served to measure intellectual ability. Patients with partial seizures performed better on Digit Span, Digit Symbol, Block Design, and Object Assembly than those with either generalized or partial secondarily generalized seizures. These subtests are functionally associated with abilities such as attention, visuospatial problem-solving, and sequencing ability. PMID- 3918861 TI - Linear relationship between lethal mutation yield and intake of ethyl methanesulfonate in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Males of Drosophila melanogaster were fed sucrose solutions containing various concentrations of EMS (from 0.25 to 10 mM) for 24 hr. To measure the intake of an EMS solution, 3H-labeled sucrose was added to the feeding solution, and the 3H activity inside the flies was used as a measure for the intake volume of EMS solution. Each absorbed dose of EMS was estimated from the intake volume of an EMS solution multiplied by its EMS concentration in the feeding solution in a way similar to that described in a previous report [Ayaki et al, 1984]. The relationship between the estimated absorbed dose and the exposure concentration was almost linear in a low concentration range but became concave with a downward curvature in a high concentration range. The dose-response relationship between the frequency of sex-linked recessive lethals and the estimated absorbed dose showed no deviation from linearity at all the five absorbed doses tested. It may be concluded that the absorbed doses thus estimated were very close to true absorbed doses, indicating the usefulness of the present method for dosimetry of chemicals to be given to flies. PMID- 3918860 TI - Effects of sodium valproate on diazepam: kinetic profiles in plasma, erythrocytes, and different brain areas in the rat. AB - The kinetic profiles of diazepam (DZP) were investigated in plasma, erythrocytes, and discrete brain areas in the rat, and the effects of valproic acid (VPA), given as sodium valproate, on kinetic parameters were analyzed. The experiments were performed on two groups of rats treated daily for 15 days, the first receiving only DZP (5 mg/kg/day i.m.), the second treated with DZP (5 mg/kg/day i.m.) and VPA (200 mg/kg/day i.p.). Our results indicate that VPA influences the plasma-protein binding and erythrocyte levels of DZP, as well as its kinetic profile. These data are discussed with regard to the modifications observed in the different brain areas (cerebellum, hippocampus, whole cortex, and pons medulla) during administration of VPA and DZP. The results presented in this study offer evidence that VPA exerts a peculiar action on the "impregnation" and kinetics of DZP in the CNS, and therefore these findings may be of importance in clinical pharmacology and treatment of epilepsies. PMID- 3918862 TI - Characterization of a novel linkage unit between ribitol teichoic acid and peptidoglycan in Listeria monocytogenes cell walls. AB - The structure of the linkage unit between ribitol teichoic acid and peptidoglycan in the cell walls of Listeria monocytogenes EGD was studied. A teichoic-acid- glycopeptide preparation isolated from lysozyme digests of the cell walls of this strain contained mannosamine, glycerol, glucose and muramic acid 6-phosphate in an approximate molar ratio of 1:1:2:1, together with large amounts of glucosamine and other components of teichoic acid and glycopeptides. A teichoic-acid-linked sugar preparation, obtained by heating the cell walls at pH 2.5, also contained glucosamine, mannosamine, glycerol and glucose in an approximate molar ratio of 25:1:1:2. Part of the glucosamine residues were shown to be involved in the linkage unit. Thus, on mild alkaline hydrolysis, the teichoic-acid-linked sugar preparation gave a disaccharide characterized as N-acetylmannosaminyl(beta 1--- 4)-N-acetylglucosamine [ManNAc(beta 1----4)GlcNAc] in addition to the ribitol teichoic acid moiety, whereas the teichoic-acid - glycopeptide was separated into disaccharide-linked glycopeptide and the ribitol teichoic acid moiety by the same procedure. Furthermore, Smith degradation of the cell walls gave a characteristic fragment, EtO2-P-Glc(beta 1----3)Glc(beta 1----1/3)Gro-P-ManNAc(beta 1--- 4)GlcNAc (where EtO2 = 1,2-ethylenediol and Gro = glycerol). The results lead to the conclusion that in the cell walls of this organism, the ribitol teichoic acid chain is linked to peptidoglycan through a novel linkage unit, Glc(beta 1--- 3)Glc(beta 1----1/3)Gro-P-(3/4)ManNAc-(beta 1----4)GlcNAc. PMID- 3918863 TI - Monoclonal antibodies against species-specific cephalosporinase of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - Ten hybridomas which produced monoclonal antibodies against species-specific cephalosporinase of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were constructed by somatic cell fusion of SP-2/0 myeloma cells with spleen cells from hyperimmunized BALB/c mice and intraperitoneally injected into mice. Monoclonal antibodies were partially purified from ascites fluids. All ten antibodies thus prepared were IgG immunoglobulins. In a solid-phase immunoassay the antibodies gave positive reactions which could be prevented by the presence of free cephalosporinase. When the antibodies were precipitated with anti-(mouse IgG), the cephalosporinase activity was co-precipitated. Also, these antibodies were co-eluted with cephalosporinase activity in gel filtration. Nine of the monoclonal antibody preparations elevated the cephalosporinase activity by about 6-40% and only one inhibited it by about 50%. All the monoclonal antibodies were highly specific to P. aeruginosa cephalosporinase and showed no cross-reaction with nine cephalosporinases and four penicillinases of other gram-negative bacteria. PMID- 3918864 TI - Electron transfer reactions in the soluble methane monooxygenase of Methylococcus capsulatus (Bath). AB - Aerobic stopped-flow experiments have confirmed that component C is the methane monooxygenase component responsible for interaction with NADH. Reduction of component C by NADH is not the rate-limiting step for component C in the methane monooxygenase reaction. Removal and reconstitution of the redox centres of component C suggest a correlation between the presence of the FAD and Fe2S2 redox centres and NADH: acceptor reductase activity and methane monooxygenase activity respectively, consistent with the order of electron flow: NADH----FAD----Fe2S2--- component A. This order suggests that component C functions as a 2e-1/1e-1 transformase, splitting electron pairs from NADH for transfer to component A via the one-electron-carrying Fe2S2 centre. Electron transfer has been demonstrated between the reductase component, component C and the oxygenase component, component A, of the methane monooxygenase complex from Methylococcus capsulatus (Bath) by three separate methods. This intermolecular electron transfer step is not rate-determining for the methane monooxygenase reaction. Intermolecular electron transfer was independent of component B, the third component of the methane monooxygenase. Component B is required to switch the oxidase activity of component A to methane mono-oxygenase activity, suggesting that the role of component B is to couple substrate oxidation to electron transfer, via the methane monooxygenase components. PMID- 3918865 TI - Effects of various amino acid replacements on the conformational stability of G actin. AB - Circular dichroic spectra of native, EDTA-treated and heat-denatured G-actin from chicken gizzard smooth muscle are virtually the same as those of rabbit skeletal muscle actin. The rates of changes produced by EDTA or heat in the secondary structure are, however, higher in the case of gizzard actin. Similar differences were found in the rates of inactivation as measured by loss of polymerizability during incubation with EDTA or Dowex 50. The results are explicable in terms of local differences in the conformation at specific site(s) important for maintaining the native state of actin monomer. Involvement of the ATP binding site was shown by measuring the equilibrium constant for the binding of ATP to the two actins. Difference in the conformation of some additional site(s) is indicated by a higher rate constant of inactivation of nucleotide-free actin observed for gizzard actin. No significant difference was found in the equilibrium constant for the binding of Ca2+ at the single high-affinity site in gizzard and skeletal muscle actin. Comparison of inactivation kinetics of actin from chicken gizzard, rabbit skeletal, bovine aorta, and bovine cardiac muscle suggests that the amino acid replacements Val-17----Cys-17 and/or Thr-89----Ser 89 have a destabilizing effect on the native conformation of G-actin. The results indicate that deletion of the acidic residue at position 1 of the amino acid sequence has no effect on the conformation of the ATP binding site and the high affinity site for divalent cation as well. PMID- 3918866 TI - Intracellular calcium fluxes in human platelets. AB - Fluorescence changes and secretory responses have been measured on addition of various excitatory agonists to platelets loaded with the cytosolic Ca2+ probe, Quin 2 or with chlortetracycline as a probe for membrane-associated Ca2+. When extracellular [Ca2+] is decreased to less than 0.1 microM by addition of EGTA a linear correlation is observed between the extent of increase in cytosolic [Ca2+] and the extent of mobilisation of membrane-associated Ca2+ on stimulation by maximal doses of five excitatory agonists. A similar linear correlation between the increase in cytosolic [Ca2+] and the extent of ATP secretion is observed over the thrombin dose/response curve. Similar EC50 values are observed for ATP secretion, the increase in cytosolic [Ca2+] and the decrease in chlortetracycline fluorescence induced by thrombin. However, the decrease in chlortetracycline fluorescence shows a sigmoidal relationship with the increase in cytosolic [Ca2+] and a hyperbolic relationship with ATP secretion over this dose/response curve. Addition of prostaglandin D2 prior to thrombin causes parallel inhibition of the increase in cytosolic [Ca2+] and the decrease in chlortetracycline fluorescence induced by this agonist. However, addition of prostaglandin D2 after thrombin reverses the increase in cytosolic [Ca2+] induced by this agonist but fails to cause a similar reversal of the decrease in chlortetracycline fluorescence. The data provide further evidence supporting the proposal that chlortatracycline can be used as a probe to monitor mobilisation of membrane-associated Ca2+ but suggest that, in platelets stimulated in the effective absence of extracellular Ca2+, both Ca2+ mobilisation and Ca2+ removal can under some conditions involve sites which are not monitored by this probe. PMID- 3918867 TI - Respiratory and haemodynamic effects of lateral thoracotomy or sternotomy in mechanically ventilated rats. AB - We compared left lateral thoracotomy and sternotomy in rats which were mechanically ventilated for at least 1 h in order to perfect the technique and the surveillance of thoracic opening. Lateral thoracotomy proved to be superior to sternotomy as it was associated with a lower mortality within the first 24 h (20% compared with 50%; p less than 0.05). Lateral thoracotomy causes a smaller reduction in mean blood pressure (104 +/- 11 vs. 71 +/- 7 mm Hg; mean +/- SD; p less than 0.05). Furthermore, following lateral thoracotomy, the rats had a higher postoperative PaO2 (77 +/- 16 vs. 72 +/- 7 Torr) and a lower PaCO2 (29.5 +/- 1.5 vs. 35 +/- 4.3 Torr), although these differences were not statistically significant. PMID- 3918868 TI - Effect of tourniquet ischaemia on carbohydrate metabolism of dog skeletal muscle. AB - Metabolic changes in blood and skeletal muscle of dogs before, during and after tourniquet ischaemia were investigated to obtain further information on cellular metabolic abnormalities and restitution during and following long-lasting blood flow interruptions. Total carbohydrate and glycogen contents in the muscle tissue fell during ischaemia and remained significantly decreased even 1 h after recirculation due to inhibition of glycogen synthetase activity. Muscle glucose concentration remained stable during ischaemia and was significantly elevated 1 h after tourniquet release. In contrast, muscle lactate concentration was elevated during ischaemia and normal after recirculation. Blood lactate, pyruvate and serum inorganic phosphate concentrations increased markedly after tourniquet release and were still significantly elevated 1 h after recirculation, whereas ketone bodies and citric acid cycle intermediates remained unchanged. Tourniquet ischaemia had no effect on muscle phosphate concentration or on the activities of proteases, protease inhibitors or hydrolases in the blood. Nevertheless, our results clearly indicate metabolic abnormalities in the blood and skeletal muscle during 5 h of tourniquet ischaemia and even after 1 h of recirculation. PMID- 3918869 TI - Recombinant interferon-gamma can induce the expression of HLA-DR and -DC on DR negative melanoma cells and enhance the expression of HLA-ABC and tumor associated antigens. AB - Recombinant interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) induced the expression of HLA-DR when added to the culture medium of HLA-DR- melanoma cell lines. In addition, IFN gamma induced the expression of another class II antigen, HLA-DC, on a HLA-DR+ and -DC-melanoma cell line and to a lower level on a -DR- and -DC-melanoma line. IFN-gamma also enhanced the expression of HLA-ABC and beta 2-microglobulin, as well as HLA-DR on DR+ melanoma cells. In contrast, IFN-alpha gave no induction of expression of HLA-DR and DC on two DR- melanoma lines, while it did enhance the expression of HLA-ABC and of beta 2-microglobulin. The expression of 3 out of 6 melanoma-associated differentiation antigens was enhanced by IFN-gamma treatment. The modulation of antigens by IFN-gamma was both dose and time dependent. A minimum incubation time of 48 h was necessary for the appearance of HLA-DR on the two HLA-DR- melanoma lines, whereas HLA-ABC and beta 2-microglobulin were already increased after 24 h. A dose of 20 U/ml IFN-gamma started to induce the expression of HLA-DR and DC on melanoma cells GLL-19 and Me-43 and a plateau of maximum antigen expression was reached with 100 U/ml. Analyses of IFN-gamma treated cells by flow microfluorometry showed a homogeneous distribution of increased staining intensity rather than the appearance of two cell populations. Immunoprecipitation experiments using detergent-solubilized 125I-labeled membrane proteins of IFN-gamma-treated melanoma cells and a monoclonal anti-HLA-DR antibody confirmed the presence of HLA-DR antigens. When IFN-gamma-treated cells were cultured without IFN the induced or enhanced expression of HLA antigens was reversible. Eight days after removal of IFN, the HLA-DR level was reduced by more than 90% and the level of HLA-ABC and beta 2-microglobulin by more than 50%. The demonstration of the ability of HLA-DR- melanoma cells to express HLA-DR after IFN-gamma treatment was extended to cells from other types of tumor such as gliomas, colon carcinomas and one cervical carcinoma cell line. PMID- 3918870 TI - Genetic control of B cell function. III. IgVH-controlled polymorphism in the frequencies of B cells that recognize xenogeneic red blood cells. AB - Previous work has shown that the primary IgM plaque-forming cell response of inbred mice to xenogeneic red blood cells (RBC) including sheep, horse and chicken RBC is under the control of two polymorphic genes or sets of genes, one linked to the Igh linkage group and the other of unknown linkage but unlinked to H-2 and a variety of other known genetic markers. Both genes together control B cell function but do not influence the function of T cells and macrophages. Thus, this system permits the study of two polymorphic loci that control B cell responsiveness. In this study we analyze the role of the Igh region in further detail. In bulk cultures and limiting dilution experiments, we confirm its exclusive influence on B cells also when analyzed separately from the background gene, i.e. in Igh-congenic strains. Moreover, we find in the majority of experiments 4-5-fold differences in sheep RBC-specific B cell precursor frequencies among lipopolysaccharide-reactive cells from 3 pairs of Igh-congenic high and low-responder strains. Similar frequency differences exist for horse RBC and chicken RBC-specific B cells but not for B cells with specificity for (4 hydroxy-5-iodo-3-nitrophenyl)acetyl (NIP)-gelatine. These differences are independent of the frequencies of B cells responding to lipopolysaccharide which are shown to be equal between Igh-congenic pairs of strains. Since the differences in RBC-specific B cell frequencies closely resemble the differences in bulk culture responses to the corresponding RBC, we conclude that the role of the Igh linkage group in controlling responsiveness to RBC lies in a selective influence on the B cell repertoire concerning precursor cells for RBC specificity. In addition, we find that the VH part of Igh is responsible for the observed frequency differences, suggesting that VH germ-line genes directly influence the composition of the mature B cell repertoire. PMID- 3918872 TI - Tumor promoter phorbol esters induce unresponsiveness to antigen and expression of interleukin 2 receptor on T cells. AB - The tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate induces the expression of the interleukin 2 receptor and the disappearance of the T3 complex in a T cell hybridoma, T cell clones, thymic and peripheral T cells and T cell tumors. These changes are accompanied by an increased sensitivity to interleukin 2 and antigen specific unresponsiveness in T cell clones. PMID- 3918871 TI - Immunologic memory to phosphorylcholine. VI. Heterogeneity in light chain gene expression. AB - BALB/c mice immunized with phosphorylcholine-conjugated keyhole limpet hemocyanin (PC-KLH) produce two types of anti-PC antibodies, designated group I and group II, which differ in their fine specificity and idiotype expression. Group II hybridomas can utilize VH genes and VL genes (in particular, V kappa 1-3) distinct from those expressed in the group I-like anti-PC myelomas. Here we have analyzed additional anti-PC hybridomas from BALB/c and (CBA/N X BALB/c)F1 male mice and also anti-PC antibodies purified from BALB/c and C57BL/6N antisera. Isoelectric focusing indicates that one of the group II hybridomas utilizes V kappa 1-3 and that related L chains are expressed in a major portion of group II serum antibodies. Other group II antibodies in antisera express different L chains, some of which are presently unidentified. However, isoelectric focusing analysis also indicates that the L chains of some group II hybridomas and serum antibodies are related to those found in the group I anti-PC myelomas and group I hybridoma and serum antibodies. In addition, one hybridoma was found to utilize lambda 2. Thus, it appears that the anti-PC antibodies with group II-like fine specificity can utilize a variety of VL genes related to, or distinct from, those expressed in group I antibodies. PMID- 3918873 TI - Very large and isotypically atypical polyclonal plaque-forming cell responses in mice infected with Trypanosoma cruzi. AB - Normal C3H/HeJ mice, acutely infected with T. cruzi, develop large numbers of splenic Ig-secreting plaque-forming cells (PFC). IgG2a, IgG2b and IgG1 PFC account for over 90% of all PFC, while the numbers of IgG3- and IgA-secreting PFC are lower than in normal animals. These effects appear to be due to both T helper dependent regulation and to a mitogenic activity associated with the parasites themselves. PMID- 3918874 TI - Cyclosporin A inhibits antigen- and lectin-induced but not constitutive production of interleukin 3. AB - Cyclosporin A (CyA) strongly inhibited production of interleukin 3 (IL3) by normal mouse spleen cells and by the T lymphoma LBRM-33 clone 1A5 induced by alloantigens and by the lectins concanavalin A or phytohemagglutinin. At the same concentrations at which CyA exerted this suppressor activity, it did not affect the growth of the Ea3.15 pre-B cell clone supported by recombinant mouse IL3 (the read-out for IL3 activity used in this study) nor did it show significant inhibitory effect on the spontaneous secretion of IL3 by WEHI-3 cells and by the LD1 T helper line. Taken together, these observations indicate that CyA does not interfere with translation, synthesis or secretion of IL3. CyA most likely interferes with the process by which antigens and lectins induce transcription of genes coding for lymphokines. PMID- 3918875 TI - Actomyosin organization in stationary and migrating sheets of cultured human endothelial cells. AB - We used immunofluorescence microscopy to study the organization of actin, myosin and vinculin in confluent endothelial cells and in cells migrating into an experimental wound and interference reflection microscopy to assess the cell substratum adhesion pattern in these cells. In confluent stationary endothelial cell monolayers actin showed a distinct cell-to-cell organization. Myosin, on the other hand, was diffusely distributed and was clearly absent from cell peripheries. Vinculin was confined as linear arrays to cell-cell contact areas. Interference reflection microscopy revealed areas of close and distant adhesion but no focal adhesion sites in these cultures. Twelve hours after experimental wounding a distinct zone of advancing cells was seen at the wound edge. These cells showed a spreadout morphology and, in contrast to stationary cells, had a stress fibre-type organization of both actin and myosin. Vinculin was in the migrating cells seen as plaques at the ventral cell surface. In interference reflection microscopy numerous focal adhesions were seen. The results indicate that the actomyosin system forms the structural basis for monolayer organization of endothelial cells and responds by reorganization upon cell migration. PMID- 3918876 TI - Cell cycle oscillators. Temperature compensation of the circadian rhythm of cell division in Euglena. AB - The effects of different constant temperatures ranging from 16 degrees to 32 degrees C on the free-running, circadian rhythm of cell division were examined in axenic, photoautotrophic batch cultures of the unicellular algal flagellate Euglena gracilis Klebs. A comparative study was undertaken on the wild-type (Z strain) and a diuron-(DCMU)-resistant (ZR) strain. Although the overall growth rate (g) of both strains was rather dependent on temperature, lengthening increasingly at temperatures both higher and lower than the optimum range (about 23 degrees-29 degrees C), the free-running period (tau) of the oscillator hypothesized to underlie the overt rhythmicity in the cell division cycle (CDC) was found to be temperature-compensated over at least a 10 degrees C range. The degree of temperature compensation was most striking in the Z strain (Q10 = 1.05) over the permissive temperature interval of 22 degrees-32 degrees C, where periodic growth could occur. This Z strain had a slightly faster growth rate and displayed a higher degree of synchrony than that observed in the ZR strain, whose circadian clock was not as well compensated (Q10 = 1.23) over the permissive temperature interval of 18 degrees-28 degrees C. These results imply that the CDC is regulated by a circadian oscillator sharing the same features as those generating the many other overt biochemical and physiological circadian periodicities that have been documented for Euglena. PMID- 3918877 TI - Electron-microscopical evidence that ribosomal chromatin of human circulating lymphocytes is devoid of histones. AB - We have studied the distribution of histones in the nucleolus of human circulating lymphocytes in situ, using thin sections, either treated with antibodies against the core histones revealed by colloidal gold, or stained with the acrolein-silver methenamine technique for basic proteins. Gold particles were not found in the fibrillar centre, nor were silver-stained structures visible in this nucleolar component. Since the fibrillar centre contains the bulk of the ribosomal chromatin which is in a completely extended, non-nucleosomal configuration, our results indicate that this chromatin is devoid of histones. PMID- 3918878 TI - Development of specific surface receptors recognizing mannose-terminal glycoconjugates in cultured monocytes: a possible early marker for differentiation of monocyte into macrophage. AB - Surface receptors for mannose-terminal glycoconjugates have been reported in various macrophage populations and are thought to be involved in specific binding and internalization of mannose-rich substances. They thereby may serve a function in such phenomena as phagocytosis of yeast and tumor cell recognition. Little is known of mannosyl receptors in blood monocytes. We synthesized a probe by covalently linking D-mannose to bovine serum albumin (BSA). Using this probe in fluoresceinated or latex minibead-derivatized forms, we searched the surface of human monocytes for the presence of mannosyl receptors. 125I-labeled probe was further used to quantify the number of receptors and the kinetics of the binding. Freshly isolated monocytes did not bind the probe, indicating the absence of mannosyl receptors. When placed in a culture system that preserves functional and morphological homogeneity of the cells, surface receptors for D-mannosyl glycoproteins developed within four days, reached a peak after one week, and then remained fairly stable. Binding parameters (Kd, Bmax, and receptor number) also remained stable and were not dissimilar to those reported for macrophages, although the Kd was consistently larger in cultured monocytes. When studied at 37 degrees C, the ligand-receptor complex was internalized through a system of coated pits and vesicles. The development of these receptors before evidence of morphological or functional differentiation suggests that these receptors may constitute an early marker for differentiation of monocytes into macrophages. PMID- 3918880 TI - Leishmania braziliensis: cell surface differences in promastigotes of pathogenic and nonpathogenic strains. AB - A comparative study of cell surface characteristics of pathogenic and nonpathogenic promastigotes of Leishmania braziliensis, NR and LBY strains, respectively, was carried out by means of concanavalin A agglutination and labeling with concanavalin A-fluorescein isothiocyanate, concanavalin A-ferritin, and cationized ferritin. Cytochemical examination showed cell surface differences in lectin receptors and negative charge moieties in the two strains of L. braziliensis. The pathogenic NR strain agglutinated with low concentrations of concanavalin A and presented abundant lectin-binding and cationized ferritin binding surface labeling. The nonpathogenic LBY strain neither agglutinated when incubated with concanavalin A, bound lectins, or cationized ferritin at the cell surface. PMID- 3918879 TI - Megakaryocyte thromboxane production induced by platelet stimuli during in vitro culture. AB - Megakaryocytes isolated from guinea pigs produced thromboxane (assayed by radioimmunoassay as thromboxane B2) in response to the platelet aggregatory stimuli arachidonic acid, thrombin, and the calcium ionophore A23187. The relative responses to these stimuli were similar in megakaryocytes and platelets from the same animals. When the megakaryocytes were maintained in short-term in vitro culture, all three stimuli still elicited thromboxane production. Following overnight in vitro culture, thromboxane production in response to thrombin decreased, overall, to under 60% of control values, increased approximately threefold in response to A23187, but did not show any alteration in response to arachidonic acid. Requirements for calcium were virtually unchanged. These results demonstrate that megakaryocytes contain all of the pathways needed for arachidonic acid mobilization from phospholipids in response to thrombin or A23187 and conversion of that arachidonate to thromboxane. These pathways are retained by the cells in short-term in vitro culture. PMID- 3918881 TI - Fasciola hepatica: interaction of the tegument with poly-L-lysine and enzymes. AB - The tegument of Fasciola hepatica was treated with 0.5% pepsin (EC 3.4.4.1), 0.5% alpha-amylase (EC 3.2.1.1), and 0.5% sheep bile solutions both without and following preincubation in poly-L-lysine. Without poly-L-lysine preincubation, pepsin appeared to be breaking down limited areas of the tegumental surface but had no other marked effects on tegumental structure. alpha-Amylase and bile had no major effects on the tegument except for a reduction in matrix density by the latter. Incubation in poly-L-lysine alone resulted in some changes in surface morphology of the tegument and a limited amount of swelling of the basal infolds. When poly-L-lysine was followed by pepsin treatment, blebbing, microvillus formation, and swelling of the basal infolds was greatly enhanced and led to surface destruction in some areas. alpha-Amylase following poly-L-lysine resulted in complete destruction and loss of the tegument, and left the basal lamina as the external surface, Incubation in bile after poly-L-lysine preincubation resulted in little change in tegumental morphology. PMID- 3918882 TI - Trypanosoma cruzi: kinetics of metacyclogenesis in adult and nymphal Panstrongylus megistus. AB - Adult triatomine insects, Panstrongylus megistus, naturally infected with the protozoa, Trypanosoma cruzi, contained significantly more metacyclic trypomastigote forms in their digestive tracts than did P. megistus nymphs. Metacyclics were scarce in all stages of triatomines fed once on infected mammalian hosts and subsequently starved. In contrast, triatomines fed repeatedly on infected mammalian hosts developed prolific T. cruzi infections. Repeatedly fed adults contained 14 X more metacyclics than similarly fed nymphs. Nutritional factors appear to play a key role in regulating metacyclogenesis. Control campaigns designed to alter the age structure of populations of triatomines must take notice of the high transmission potential of the adult stage. PMID- 3918883 TI - Effects of beta-hydroxybutyrate on rat embryos grown in culture. AB - In order to investigate further the relationship between maternal diabetes and fetal malformation, rat embryos were grown in vitro in the presence of beta hydroxybutyrate, one of the ketone bodies produced by diabetics. At 10 mM, beta hydroxybutyrate produced minor abnormalities and at 20 mM it produced major abnormalities in rat embryos. PMID- 3918884 TI - Reciprocal biological activities of the cyclic tetrapeptides chlamydocin and HC toxin. AB - Chlamydocin, a potent cytostatic agent against cultured mammalian cells, and HC toxin, a host-specific phytotoxin, are cyclic tetrapeptides containing the same epoxide alpha-amino acid. We show here that these compounds have reciprocal biological activity; HC-toxin is cytostatic against cultured mastocytoma cells, and chlamydocin has host-specific toxin activity against maize. Chlamydocin and another related cyclic peptide, Cyl-2, are less host-specific than HC-toxin because maize tolerant to HC-toxin is more sensitive to chlamydocin and Cyl-2. PMID- 3918885 TI - Effects of gastric secretagogues on tissue glycerol in the isolated amphibian gastric mucosa. AB - Histamine and theophylline, two gastric secretagogues, significantly increased tissue glycerol content by 121 and 66%, respectively, in the isolated toad gastric mucosa. This is new evidence in favor of the hypothesis that gastric secretagogues may act via lipid mobilization. PMID- 3918886 TI - Prostaglandin E2-like activity of 20:3n-9 platelet lipoxygenase end-product. AB - 5,8,11-Icosatrienoic acid (20:3n-9), a fatty acid associated with platelet hyperactivity, was oxygenated by platelet lipoxygenase. The end-product of this pathway was purified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and characterized as 12-hydroxy-5,8,10-icosatrienoic acid [12-OH-20:3(5,8,10)] by capillary gas-liquid mass spectrometry. When tested upon platelet aggregation, 12 OH-20:3(5,8,10) exhibited a biphasic effect. At low concentrations (below 5 X 10( 7) M) it potentiated aggregation but inhibited it at higher levels, a pattern similar to that obtained with prostaglandin E2. However, since the amounts of 12 OH-20:3(5,8,10) generated under thrombin stimulation are in the range of concentrations with potentiating effects, it seems that the 12-OH derivative is responsible for the hyperaggrebility of 20:3n-9-rich platelets. PMID- 3918887 TI - beta 2-Inhibin contains the active core of human seminal plasma beta-inhibin: synthesis and bioactivity. AB - The complete synthesis of the C-terminal 28 residues segment 67-94 of human seminal plasma beta-Inhibin, called beta 2-Inhibin, is reported. The Inhibin-like activity of the native 94 amino acids beta-Inhibin is compared to that of the synthetic replica of beta 2-Inhibin. In all assays used both peptides effectively suppress the FSH release induced by LHRH but have little effect on the LH release. In the mouse both peptides are equipotent on a mole basis. In the rat the synthetic beta 2-Inhibin is 3-10 times more potent than beta-Inhibin. Both peptides are active in rat anterior pituitary primary culture assays where maximum suppression of FSH release induced by LHRH occurs around 300 pmol/ml of beta 2-Inhibin. In contrast, maximum suppression of FSH release in the mouse pituitary assay occurs at 10-15 pmol/ml of either Inhibin. PMID- 3918888 TI - Demonstration of chondroitin sulfates degrading endo-beta-glucuronidase activity in rabbit liver. AB - Reduced chondroitin sulfate was incubated with rabbit liver extracts followed by reduction once more with sodium [3H]borohydride, and then passed through a Sephadex G-100 column. Chondroitin sulfate obtained from the incubation medium at pH 4 was only slightly depolymerized and was highly radioactive. Paper chromatographic analyses showed that glucuronic acid residues became exposed at the reducing terminal of chondroitin sulfate after incubation with the liver extracts. These results suggest that endo-beta-glucuronidase activity which degrades chondroitin sulfate is present in the rabbit liver. PMID- 3918889 TI - Fluorescent and radiolabelling of pepsin-digested human glomerular basement membrane with a newly developed hydroxy-coumarin derivative (CASE). AB - The labelling of pepsin-digested human glomerular basement membrane (pHGBM) with a newly developed fluorescent iodine acceptor 7-hydroxy-coumarin-3-acetic acid N hydroxysucciniimydyl ester (CASE) is described. The binding of a monoclonal antibody to pHGBM was assessed by radiobinding assays, and when directly iodinated pHGBM was used there was no apparent binding. When CASE was conjugated to pHGBM prior to iodination 11% binding was achieved. CASE acting as an iodine acceptor may be useful for proteins containing few or inaccessible tyrosine residues or which are destroyed by introduction of 125I. Since CASE is fluorescent, small amounts of material can be detected during isolation prior to iodination. PMID- 3918890 TI - Purification of a 175-kDa membrane protein, its localization in smooth and cardiac muscles. Interaction with cytoskeletal protein - vinculin. AB - A new 175-kDa membrane protein was isolated from chicken gizzard smooth muscle. Antibodies to 175-kDa protein were used for localization of this protein in smooth and cardiac muscles. In both types of muscle 175-kDa protein was localized near plasma membrane. 175-kDa protein was able to interact specifically with vinculin immobilized on polysterene surface. It is suggested that this 175-kDa protein may be involved in physical connection between microfilaments and cell membrane. PMID- 3918891 TI - Reactions of the semiquinone free radicals of anti-tumour agents with oxygen and iron complexes. AB - The rates of reaction of the semiquinone radicals of adriamycin and mitomycin C with oxygen and several iron (III) complexes have been determined. These rates have been used to explain enhanced free radical damage produced by semiquinone radicals in a model system and to assess the feasibility of these types of reactions occurring in hypoxic cells. PMID- 3918892 TI - 17 beta-Estradiol regulates prolactin secretion but not cell proliferation of GH3B6 cells in chemically defined medium. AB - The effects of 17 beta-estradiol on proliferation and prolactin secretion by a clonal rat pituitary cell, GH3B6, have been investigated in a chemically defined medium (Ham's F12, transferrin, insulin and parathyroid hormone). Under these conditions, 17 beta-estradiol alone (5 X 10(-14)-5 X 10(-9) M) was not a mitogen for GH3B6 cells as shown by cell counts and DNA measurements. However, it slowed down the drop in prolactin production induced by culture in this chemically defined medium. After 3 and 7 days it stimulated PRL production up to 5 times in a dose-dependent manner. This secretory response was abolished by tamoxifen, and not mimicked by progesterone, testosterone or dexamethasone. The thyroliberin induced stimulation of prolactin production occurred more rapidly (24 h) than and was additive to the 17 beta-estradiol response, suggesting that these two factors act through independent mechanisms. PRL neosynthesis in culture was attested to by the incorporation of [35S]methionine (5 h) into immunoprecipitable prolactin. Neither 17 beta-estradiol nor thyroliberin increases specifically prolactin radioactivity, although they strongly decreased the specific activity of prolactin in both cells and medium. This suggests that they mostly acted by decreasing PRL turnover rate. PMID- 3918893 TI - Adhesiveness and distribution of vinculin and spectrin in retinal pigmented epithelial cells during growth and differentiation in vitro. AB - Colonies of chick retinal pigmented epithelial (RPE) cells offer an excellent model system for studying the organization of cytoskeleton in sheets of differentiating epithelial cells. The cells occupying the center of the colony resemble RPE cells in vivo and are cuboidal, pigmented, and relatively nonadherent while those toward the periphery gradually become flatter, nonpigmented, motile, and strongly adherent to the substratum. Immunofluorescence microscopy with antiserum against chicken erythrocyte alpha-spectrin reveals that this protein is present in the cortex of RPE cells in all parts of the colony. It is neither concentrated in, nor excluded from the regions occupied by the major microfilament bundles, and its distribution is not related to the adhesion patterns visualized by surface reflection interference microscopy. In contrast, the distribution of vinculin is closely correlated with the adhesiveness of RPE cells in different parts of the colony. Immunofluorescence microscopy reveals that in the RPE cells vinculin may be diffusely distributed in the cytoplasm; present in a cortical band outlining the cell borders; and present in focal contacts and adhesions. The distribution of vinculin is affected by the length of time the colonies grow in culture, by the degree of cell packing and by the adhesiveness of cells to the substratum. In RPE cells grown in vitro for short periods (less than or equal to 3 days) vinculin is found in focal contacts and adhesions in both the undifferentiated, well spread peripheral cells as well as in the differentiated, polygonally packed central cells of the colony. In RPE cells cultured for longer periods (greater than or equal to 14 days) vinculin is present in focal contacts and adhesions only in strongly adherent, undifferentiated cells at the edge of the colony. In packed central cells of both short- and long-term cultures vinculin is found in the cortical band which circumscribes the apical ends of cells at the level of the adherens type intercellular junctions. Its appearance in the cortical bands does not depend on the length of time the colonies are grown in vitro but on the presence of cell cell contacts resulting from an increased degree of cell packing within the central part of the colony. These results are discussed in relation to the development and the role of extracellular matrix in determining the adhesiveness of RPE cells in vitro. PMID- 3918894 TI - Intrinsic growth control in the imaginal primordia of Drosophila, and the autonomous action of a lethal mutation causing overgrowth. AB - Cell proliferation in Drosophila imaginal discs appears to be regulated by a disc intrinsic mechanism involving local cell interactions that also control the formation of patterns of differentiation. This growth-control mechanism breaks down in animals homozygous for the mutation lethal (2) giant discs (l(2)gd) which remain as larvae for up to 9 days longer than normal. During this time cell proliferation continues in the imaginal discs as well as in the imaginal rings for the salivary glands, foregut, and hindgut, so that these tissues become greatly overgrown. When wild-type wing discs from mid-third instar larvae were removed and cultured for up to 28 days in wild-type female adult hosts, they grew and terminated growth at a cell number close to that which would be attained in situ by the time of pupariation. On the other hand, wing discs from l(2)gd homozygotes grew rapidly and continuously when cultivated in wild-type hosts, reached an enormous size, and acquired abnormal folding patterns. Overgrowth of mutant imaginal rings also continued during culture of these tissues in wild-type hosts. We conclude that overgrowth in this mutant is due to an autonomous defect in the imaginal primordia, which requires an extended larval period for its expression in situ. PMID- 3918895 TI - Synthesis of the major adult cuticle proteins of Drosophila melanogaster during hypoderm differentiation. AB - Differentiating imaginal hypodermal cells of Drosophila melanogaster form adult cuticle during the second half of the pupal stage (about 40 to 93 hr postpupariation). A group of proteins with molecular weights of 23,000, 20,000, and 14,000 is identified as putative major wing cuticle proteins with the following biological properties: These proteins are abundant components of cuticle and are major synthetic products of cuticle-secreting hypodermal cells. They are leucine-rich and methionine-free and are the most prominent proteins of this type synthesized by wing hypoderm at 65 hr, during the period of procuticle formation. Electron microscopic autoradiography shows that leucine-rich, methionine-free proteins specifically localize to the apical cell surface and newly secreted cuticle of 65-hr wing cells. This strongly suggests the export of these proteins to the cuticle. Lastly, these proteins undergo a reduction in extractability just after eclosion, during the period of cuticle protein crosslinking (sclerotization). The synthesis of these major hypoderm proteins is temporally regulated in development. In wing cells, the 14-kDa proteins are synthesized first, from 53 to 78 hr, and the 20- and 23-kDa proteins are synthesized from 63 to 93 hr. The pattern of synthesis for these proteins is similar in abdominal cells but delayed by 6 to 10 hr. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis shows that each of the 23-, 20-, and 14-kDa size classes contains at least two component polypeptides. Patterns of protein synthesis in cells of the imaginal hypodermis are regulated in a precise temporal sequence during the production of adult cuticle. Their study yields a useful system for the analysis of molecular events in gene control and cell differentiation. PMID- 3918896 TI - Developmental changes in the modification of lysosomal enzymes in Dictyostelium discoideum. AB - Evidence has been found for a generalized change in the post-translational modification of lysosomal enzymes during development of Dictyostelium discoideum. The physical and antigenic properties of four developmentally regulated lysosomal enzymes, N-acetylglucosaminidase, beta-glucosidase, alpha-mannosidase, and acid phosphatase, have been examined throughout the life cycle. In vegetative cells, a single major isoelectric species is detected for each enzymatic activity on native nonequilibrium isoelectric focusing gels. Between 6 and 10 hr of development, all activities, including the preformed enzyme, become less negatively charged, resulting in a modest but reproducible shift in the isoelectric focusing pattern. This alteration is not detected by native gel electrophoresis at constant pH. As development continues, the specific activity of beta-glucosidase, alpha-mannosidase, and acid phosphatase continues to increase and coincidentally, new, less acidic isozymic bands of activity can be observed on both gel systems. Some of these new isozymes accumulate preferentially in anterior cells, while others accumulate preferentially in posterior cells of migrating slugs. N-Acetylglucosaminidase does not increase in specific activity late in development and no new isozymic species appear. Using a monoclonal antibody that reacts with sulfated N-linked oligosaccharides shared by vegetative lysosomal enzymes in D. discoideum, the antigenicity of the developmental isozymes has been characterized. All of the enzymatic activity present during vegetative growth and early development is immunoprecipitable. However, the less negatively charged isozymes that accumulate after aggregation are not recognized by the antibody. Nonantigenic acid phosphatase and alpha mannosidase are found in both anterior and posterior cells from migrating pseudoplasmodia. Since each enzyme is coded by a single structural gene, these results suggest that the isozymes present late in development arise from the synthesis of the same polypeptides with altered post-translational modifications. The appearance of anterior and posterior specific isozymes is likely to be the result of cell type specific changes in the glycoprotein modification pathway for newly synthesized proteins. PMID- 3918897 TI - The molecular genetics of the Notch locus in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - The Notch locus of Drosophila melanogaster profoundly affects differentiation of the central nervous system in the early embryo. Previous molecular studies suggested that the locus spans 40 kb of DNA and encodes a 10.5-kb poly(A)+ RNA. The results of genetic, cytogenetic, and molecular studies of newly induced and preexisting Notch alleles are reported. Molecular analysis of 5' flanking mutations defines a distal limit for the locus, and transcriptional activity of Notch in relation to that of flanking transcription units provides evidence regarding the proximal limit. Examination of a set of mutable alleles implicates a foldback transposable element as the basis of chromosomal instability, and shows that insertion sequences within the locus do not necessarily result in a mutant phenotype. The results are discussed with regard to existing developmental and genetic analyses, and a molecular model is proposed that attempts to explain the pleiotropic action of Notch. PMID- 3918898 TI - Developmental analysis of Drosophila position-specific antigens. AB - The distributions of three position-specific (PS) antigens have been examined in different Drosophila tissues and at various developmental times, using both immunofluorescence and affinity purification procedures. In the imaginal discs the PS antigens show nonuniform and nonhomologous distributions, and the expression of the antigens in a particular disc region can vary during development. In general, PS antigen expression appears to correlate with morphogenetic events in the disc epithelia, suggesting that the antigens are involved in cell-cell recognition and/or adhesion processes. PS antigens are also found in many other tissues, and in embryos as early as the cellular blastoderm stage. Affinity-purified PS antigens from different tissues or stages appear to be similar, as judged by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The results are discussed in relation to Drosophila developmental events, with particular regard to the dorsoventral cell lineage restriction in the wing disc. PMID- 3918899 TI - Activation of Na+-dependent transport at fertilization in the sea urchin: requirements of both an early event associated with exocytosis and a later event involving increased energy metabolism. AB - Transport of glycine, phosphate, and thymidine has been studied in parallel in eggs and embryos of Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. Uptake of each of these substrates is shown to be sodium dependent and expressed at fertilization in this species. The data indicate that activation of unfertilized eggs by ammonia does not result in significant expression of any of these transport systems compared to fertilized eggs. Activation of unfertilized eggs by sperm or by ionophore A 23187 in seawater results in complete development of these transport systems. However, if eggs are activated by ionophore in sodium-free seawater or fertilized by sperm in complete seawater and transferred to sodium-free seawater, Na+ dependent transport does not develop. Ammonia reverses the inhibitory effect of sodium-free seawater on development of these transport systems. This reversal is sensitive to 2,4-dinitrophenol. The data suggest that transport of glycine, phosphate, and thymidine share a common mechanism of activation. Moreover, this activation requires both an early event (less than 5 min postinsemination) and a later event involving increased energy metabolism. PMID- 3918900 TI - Specificity of gene action during central nervous system development in Drosophila melanogaster: analysis of the lethal (1) optic ganglion reduced locus. AB - A newly defined genetic locus designated lethal (1) optic ganglion reduced (l(1)ogre: 1-18.8, 6E1/2-6E4/5) is characterized. Four alleles have been isolated, one organismal viable and three organismal lethals. Histological analyses of these mutants at the light microscopic level have detected defects only in the developing and adult central nervous system (CNS). Examination of genetic mosaics suggests that the wild-type product of this locus may function specifically in the CNS. Analyses of staged material show that abnormalities first become apparent early in the larval period, indicating that the l(1)ogre+ gene product normally acts at or before this stage. No maternal effects were detectable. Determination of the temperature-sensitive period for lethality, of a temperature-sensitive heteroallelic combination, indicates that the l(1)ogre+ gene product also acts late in the larval period. These results show that the time of l(1)ogre+ gene action overlaps the period during which growth and assembly of the imaginal CNS occurs and are consistent with the hypothesis that l(1)ogre may act specifically in the imaginal CNS during its morphogenesis. PMID- 3918901 TI - Insulin-like and insulin-enhancing effects of the sulfonylurea glyburide on rat adipose glycogen synthase. AB - The effects of long-term exposure of cultured rat adipose tissue to glyburide were examined on glycogen synthase activity. Glyburide alone caused an increase in the activity ratio (low glucose-6-P/high glucose-6-P) of glycogen synthase, and enhanced insulin's activation of the enzyme. The glyburide effects were time dependent, requiring fat pieces to be exposed to the drug for at least 10-20 h. The glucose concentration in the culture medium was also important: optimal concentrations of glucose were 10-20 mM. Glyburide acted to shift the insulin dose-response curve to the left by a factor of 2.5, but did not enhance the effects of maximal concentrations of the hormone. The Ka of the glyburide effects was about 2.0 microM. If glucose was omitted during the 20-min incubation with or without insulin, the increase in the activity ratio of glycogen synthase by glyburide was unaffected, but the enhancement of insulin action was reduced. Because these data indicate that glyburide's actions are glucose dependent, we propose that the sulfonylurea is probably acting to increase glucose transport, thus allosterically increasing the activity of a synthase phosphatase by glucose 6-P. The net result of this would be increased dephosphorylation and activation of glycogen synthase. PMID- 3918902 TI - Prevention of kidney graft diabetic nephropathy by pancreas transplantation in man. AB - Kidney graft biopsies were performed 2-3 yr after transplantation in eight type I (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients who had previously been subjected to kidney transplantation (six patients) or combined kidney and segmental pancreas transplantation (two patients). In five of the six patients that had undergone only kidney transplantation, light microscopic examination of the graft biopsy revealed changes compatible with diabetic nephropathy, and electron microscopic morphometry showed a thickening of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM). In the two patients who had been subjected to combined pancreas and kidney transplantation, the kidney graft biopsy showed no light microscopic changes suggestive of diabetic nephropathy, and electron microscopy showed no thickening of the GBM. Thus, it appears to be possible to prevent the recurrence of diabetic nephropathy in human kidney allografts by simultaneous pancreas transplantation. PMID- 3918903 TI - Ketone body production and disposal in diabetic ketosis. A comparison with fasting ketosis. AB - This work compares the metabolism of total ketone bodies in 13 insulin-deprived, type I diabetic subjects and 26 control subjects fasted for 15 h to 23 days, with the two groups showing a similar range of ketone body levels (1-12 mM). Ketone turnover rate was measured using a primed, constant infusion of either 14C acetoacetate or 14C-beta-hydroxybutyrate, both tracers yielding comparable results. The major conclusions of this study are the following: the kinetics of ketone bodies are comparable in the two groups within the range of concentrations tested. The hyperketonemia of fasting and diabetes is primarily caused by an increased production of ketone bodies, but the phenomenon is amplified by a progressive limitation in the ability of tissues to remove ketones from blood as the concentration rises. The inverse relationship between the metabolic clearance and the plasma levels of ketones, which underlies this process, represents a general characteristic of ketone body metabolism that applies to both types of ketosis. A maximal metabolic disposal rate of about 2.3 mmol/min/1.73 m2 is attained in both groups at concentrations of 10-12 mM, which correspond to the highest ketone body levels encountered during prolonged fasting. Thus, up to these levels, there is no evidence for the existence of a ketone body removal defect specific to diabetes. PMID- 3918904 TI - Characteristics of insulin receptors and insulin action in human myelogenous leukemia cell line K-562. AB - Specific binding sites for insulin have been identified and characterized for the human erythroleukemia cell line K-562. The binding of [125I]-insulin to the cells increased as a function of time, reaching a maximum at 20 min when incubation was performed at 37 degrees C. The binding of [125I]-insulin was dose-dependently inhibited by insulin or proinsulin. Scatchard plot of the binding data was curvilinear, and the number of insulin receptors was approximately 39,000. Insulin at concentrations of 0.05-10.0 ng/ml stimulated CO2 production and DNA and protein synthesis in K-562 cells in a dose-dependent manner, indicating that the insulin binding sites are functionally important in mediating these biochemical events induced by insulin. Maximal insulin responses were elicited at concentrations of less than 5 ng/ml, when (at most) 10% of the insulin receptors were occupied. After binding to the cells, [125I]-insulin was degraded in a time- and temperature-dependent manner. As reported for other types of cells, unlabeled insulin also downregulated insulin receptors in K-562 cells. When the cells were incubated with 1 X 10(-7) M unlabeled insulin for 24 h, the number of insulin receptors decreased by 50% without a change of affinity. K-562 cells may be useful in studying the role of insulin receptors in cell functions induced by insulin. PMID- 3918905 TI - A protein cross-reacting immunohistochemically with rat glutathione S-transferase placental form as a marker for preneoplasia in Syrian hamster pancreatic and hepatocarcinogenesis. AB - Immunohistochemical staining using antirat glutathione S-transferase placental form (GST-P) rabbit antibody demonstrated marked binding to cells of putative preneoplastic lesions induced in both the liver and pancreas of Syrian hamsters by dihydroxy-di-n-propylnitrosamine treatment, whereas background normal appearing tissue was negative. Thus, a protein showing immunological cross reaction with rat GST-P is also elevated during pancreatic carcinogenesis and hepatocarcinogenesis in the hamster, suggesting its usefulness as a marker with potential relevance to the mechanisms underlying the neoplastic process. PMID- 3918906 TI - Establishment of a new human lymphoma line that secretes plasminogen activator. AB - A new cell line, designated RC-K8, was established from the peritoneal effusion of a patient with histiocytic lymphoma. The RC-K8 had human male karyotype with 14q+ and was found to have B-cell (B1) and monocyte/macrophage (intracytoplasmic alpha subunit of S-100 protein) markers. A fibrin plate method demonstrated that RC-K8 cells release plasminogen activator in culture. PMID- 3918907 TI - Synergistic effect of radiation and N-nitrosoethylurea in the induction of lymphoma in mice: cellular kinetics and carcinogenesis. AB - The effect of a combined treatment with radiation and N-nitrosoethylurea (NEU), or a split administration of NEU in inducing lymphoma was studied in female C57BL/6N mice. A single intragastric administration of 5 mg of NEU was only slightly lymphomagenic, inducing thymic lymphomas in 20% of mice, while the incidence was elevated to 92% if the NEU treatment was preceded (by 5 days) by 400 rad of total-body X-irradiation, which alone is seldom lymphomagenic. A high yield of lymphoma (84-93%) was also obtained if 5 mg of NEU was delivered in two split doses of 4 mg and 1 mg with a 4 day interval. Drastic injury to both the thymus and bone marrow caused by either 400 rad total-body X-irradiation or the first dose of NEU (4 mg) was followed by a vigorous regeneration within a few days. The maximum induction rate of lymphoma was obtained when the subsequent dose of NEU (1 mg) was given at the peak of DNA synthesis in the bone marrow and thymus following the first treatment. The data indicate that the principal effect of the irradiation or the first dose of NEU was to provide a susceptible cell population, and that a high yield of lymphoma was brought about through the action of the subsequent dose of NEU on a sufficient number of target cells engaged in heightened DNA synthesis. PMID- 3918908 TI - In vitro metabolism of N-nitrodialkylamines. AB - The in vitro metabolism of N-nitramines was investigated in order to compare it with that of N-nitrosamines and to elucidate the mode of mutagenic action. N Nitrodibutylamine (NO2DBA) and N-nitrodiethylamine (NO2DEA) were incubated with liver microsomes and hepatocytes prepared from rats treated with phenobarbital, and the products were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography and gas liquid chromatography. The in vitro metabolic pattern of these nitramines was similar to that of the corresponding nitrosamines, except that N-nitro-N alkylamines (produced via alpha-hydroxylation) were identified after incubation of the nitrodialkylamines. In the case of NO2DBA, besides N-nitro-N-butylamine, several nitramines produced by omega, omega-1, and omega-2 oxidations were identified as metabolites. NO2DBA and NO2DEA were mutagenic to Escherichia coli WP2 hcr- but not to Salmonella typhimurium TA1535. They were mutagenic only in the presence of hepatic microsomes, whereas their metabolites, N-nitro-N butylamine and N-nitro-N-ethylamine, were direct mutagens. Thus, N nitrodialkylamines are also metabolically activated to mutagens through alpha hydroxylation. PMID- 3918909 TI - Monoclonal antibody-dependent murine macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity against human tumors is stimulated by lentinan. AB - The beta (1----3) glucan lentinan was tested for its capacity to increase the cytotoxic effect of murine peritoneal macrophages for human tumor cells in the presence of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). Activity was maximum in macrophages obtained on day 5 following intraperitoneal injection of CBA mice with 2.5 mg of lentinan per kg body weight. Macrophages stimulated by lentinan were cytotoxic in conjunction with IgG1, IgG2a and IgG3 MAbs, but not with IgG2b, IgM, or IgA MAbs. The demonstration of a similar enhancing effect by lentinan on human macrophages might have implications for potentiating the tumoricidal effect of these macrophages in the presence of tumor antigen-specific MAbs. PMID- 3918910 TI - Cytotoxic lymphocytes in rat tumor in situ: effect of intraperitoneal injections of Propionibacterium avidum. AB - In vitro cytotoxicity against tumor cells of lymphocytes in sc implanted BC47 bladder tumor of ACI/N rats with or without Propionibacterium avidum (P. avidum) treatment was studied. Tumor-associated lymphoid cells (TAL) were obtained from tumor tissues by mechanical treatment (NDi fraction) and by enzymatic treatment with Dispase I, a proteolytic enzyme (Di fraction), followed by passage through glass wool columns to deplete tumor cells. NDi fraction of TAL from P. avidum treated animals showed a significant cytolytic activity against BC47 cells, but not against other ACI/N bladder tumor cell lines, BC12 and BC50. These TAL lost the cytolytic activity on treatment with anti-rat thymocyte serum or anti-rat T cell monoclonal antibodies, R1-3B3 and R1-10B5, and complement. Natural killer activity determined with YAC-1 cells was low in the cells of NDi fraction and scarcely detectable in the cells of Di fraction from both P. avidum-treated and untreated rats. These results indicate that the antigen-specific cytotoxic T cells in the tumor in situ are induced by in vivo P. avidum treatment. On the other hand, P. avidum treatment augmented nonspecific cytolytic activity of peripheral lymphoid cells such as plastic-nonadherent peritoneal cells, spleen cells and blood lymphocytes in normal and BC47-bearing rats. However, the antigen specific cytolytic T cells were predominantly induced and recovered in the plastic nonadherent peritoneal cells of BC47-bearing rats by the treatment with P. avidum. PMID- 3918911 TI - Therapeutic effects of PS-K and busulfan on the recurrent and metastatic diseases after the surgical removal of 3-methylcholanthrene-induced autochthonous tumors in C57BL/6 mice. AB - The effectiveness of a protein-bound polysaccharide, PS-K, and an immunoaugmenting antileukemia agent, busulfan (BU), was investigated for the treatment of autochthonous tumors induced by 3-methylcholanthrene in C57BL/6 mice. PS-K and BU were found to be effective in dealing with recurrence and pulmonary metastasis when applied in conjunction with the surgical removal of the primary tumor. The survival time of mice to which PS-K (300 mg/kg/day X 5 or X 2/week for 7 weeks, ip) or BU (50 mg/kg X 3, po) was administered was significantly prolonged when compared with that of mice treated by surgery alone. Moreover, the incidence of the local recurrence of tumors was significantly lower in mice treated with PS-K or BU after the surgical removal of the primary tumor. The effectiveness of the treatment on metastasis was also shown by the prolongation of mean survival time in groups of mice which showed no local recurrence of tumors. The timing-dependency of the treatment with PS-K did not seem to be an important factor and no additive therapeutic effects of PS-K and BU were observed in the present study. PMID- 3918912 TI - Antitumor activity and toxicity of serum protein-bound platinum formed from cisplatin. AB - When cisplatin was incubated with mouse serum, its cytotoxicity towards P388 leukemia cells decreased with the formation of non-ultrafiltrable or protein bound platinum. The cytotoxicity of prepared mouse serum protein-bound platinum at 100 microgram/ml (as the cisplatin-equivalent concentration) was less than that of cisplatin at 0.125 microgram/ml. The prepared protein-bound platinum exhibited antitumor activity against colon adenocarcinoma 26 in mice, when administered iv daily for 9 consecutive days at 32 and 64 mg/kg (as the cisplatin equivalent dose). Cisplatin similarly administered exhibited antitumor activity at daily doses of only 1 and 2 mg/kg. Administration of the protein-bound platinum at such high doses as 32 and 64 mg/kg (as the cisplatin-equivalent dose) caused elevation of serum BUN and reduction of bone marrow cells in mice. After iv administration of cisplatin to mice at 6 mg/kg, ultrafiltrable platinum was detected in the plasma for the first 30 min. Thereafter platinum was found only in protein-bound form. When mice were iv inoculated with colon adenocarcinoma 26 more than 30 min after cisplatin administration, no prolongation of the life span was observed. From these results, it is concluded that mouse serum protein-bound platinum does not contribute significantly to cisplatin antitumor activity and toxicity in mice. PMID- 3918913 TI - Activated eosinophils in familial eosinophilic gastroenteritis. AB - Two siblings with eosinophilic gastroenteritis who presented with severe iron deficiency anemia and hypoalbuminemia associated with varying degrees of mucosal damage are described. Using a monoclonal antibody to the secreted form of eosinophil cationic protein, we demonstrated activated degranulating eosinophils in the gastrointestinal mucosa that correlated with the degree of histologic damage. This finding suggests that eosinophils may have a primary role in the tissue damage in this condition. Oral disodium cromoglycate (Nalcrom) failed to alter the clinical, radiologic, and histologic abnormalities. Prednisolone, however, was beneficial in 1 case but did not completely reverse the abnormalities. PMID- 3918914 TI - Involvement of the immune system in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease. Expression of the T9 antigen on peripheral immunocytes correlates with the severity of the disease. AB - Peripheral lymphocyte cells from patients suffering from Crohn's disease were analyzed for the expression of the "activation" antigens T9 and HLA-DR on their cell surface. It was found that high numbers of "activated" lymphocytes, the majority of which have proven to be T cells, could be detected in patients with active Crohn's disease, whereas in healthy controls and inactive disease only a small subfraction of lymphocytes was positive for these antigens. This difference was highly significant (p = 0.0001). Within the subpopulation of T9-positive cells the ratio between T4- and T8-positive cells is about 1.8 (compared with 2.0 in the total T-cell subset). All HLA-DR-positive, non-B and non-glass-adherent cells could be detected in the T9-positive cell fraction. The presence of T9 antigens was found to correlate with the grade of severity of the disease as assessed by a Crohn's disease activity index. The presence of high amounts of T cells exhibiting this antigen is not restricted to Crohn's disease but is thought to be of importance as a marker for the involvement of the immune system in other maladies as well. Nevertheless, the determination of T9 antigen is expected to provide objective data reflecting the severity of Crohn's disease. PMID- 3918915 TI - Altered jejunal permeability to macromolecules during viral enteritis in the piglet. AB - We studied the macromolecular permeability of segments of jejunum from 2-wk-old piglets after the animals had been experimentally infected with an invasive enteric virus, transmissible gastroenteritis virus. Jejunal segments were mounted in Ussing chambers at stages of the infection, and permeability was measured using three probe molecules of differing molecular weights. In control tissue, permeability to horseradish peroxidase was 2.6 times higher across segments with Peyer's patches than across segments without Peyer's patches, whereas polyethylene glycol 4000 and mannitol permeabilities were the same in patch and nonpatch segments. Twelve hours after infection, when virus had invaded the mucosa causing a structural lesion, and before diarrhea had begun, horseradish peroxidase permeability increased in non-patch-containing segments to equal that across patch-containing tissue. At this early 12-h stage, polyethylene glycol 4000 and mannitol permeation were unchanged in patch-containing segments compared with controls. Ninety-six hours after transmissible gastroenteritis infection, when diarrhea was severe, horseradish peroxidase permeability in patch-free segments had returned to normal and patch-containing tissue permeability was diminished below control levels. Increased macromolecular permeability appears to occur only in the very early invasive stage of this viral enteritis and only in patch-free segments. Any consideration of the immunologic relevance of these complex phenomena must take into account the specialized function of the Peyer's patch regions of the small intestine. PMID- 3918916 TI - Hypothalamo-adenohypophyseal-thyroid interrelationships in the developing chick embryo. VII. Immunocytochemical demonstration of thyrotrophin-releasing hormone. AB - Thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) was demonstrated immunocytochemically in the infundibulum of the chick embryo as early as Day 4.5 of incubation. From Days 4.5 through 19.5 of embryonic development there is a gradual increase within the developing hypothalamus in the number of TRH-positive perikarya as well as the amount of immunoreactive-TRH (IR-TRH) per cell. There are no abrupt changes in either parameter during the critical time period (Days 10.5-13.5 of incubation) in the maturation of the pituitary-thyroid axis. Thus, although TRH is probably not directly responsible for the dramatic increase in the number of thyrotrophin producing cells which occurs in the pars distalis of 10.5- to 11.5-day-old embryos (R. C. Thommes, J. B. Martens, W. E. Hopkins, J. Caliendo, M. J. Sorrentino, and J. E. Woods (1983). Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 51, 434-443) the marked change in the activity of the pituitary-thyroid unit at this time may well reflect the response of these newly differentiated thyrothrophs to low levels of plasma TRH. This hypothesis is supported by the observations that between Days 10.5 and 11.5 the hypothalamic-adenohypophyseal-thyroid (HAT) axis is first responsive to cold (R. C. Thommes, J. B. Martens, J. B. Hopkins, D. A. Griesbach, D. J. Williams, M. J. Sorrentino, P. Wernke, and J. E. Woods. In "Proceedings, Ninth International Symposium on Comparative Endocrinology Hong Kong, 7-11 December 1981" (B. Lofts, ed.). Hong Kong Univ. Press, Hong Kong, in press) and also that the pituitary-thyroid unit exhibits a marked increase in its sensitivity to exogenous TRH (R. C. Thommes, D. J. Williams, and J. E. Woods (1984). Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 55, 275-279). PMID- 3918917 TI - The effects of estradiol and triiodothyronine on protein synthesis by hepatocytes of juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). AB - A method was developed for studying the in vitro metabolism of radiolabeled amino acids by dispersed salmon hepatocytes. Radioactivity accumulated in trichloroacetic acid (TCA)-precipitable and -soluble fractions of cells and in TCA-precipitable fractions of incubation medium was measured. Estradiol (E2) or triiodothyronine (T3) stimulated the amount of radioactivity in the TCA precipitable fraction of cells in a dose-dependent manner. T3 caused an increase in TCA-soluble radioactivity of cells that were incubated with [14C]serine, [14C]glycine or the nonmetabolizable amino acid [14C]cycloleucine. E2 had either no effect or caused a decrease in TCA-soluble radioactivity in cells that were incubated with [14C]serine or [14C]glycine. E2 increased TCA-soluble radioactivity in cells that were incubated with [14C]cycloleucine. E2 but not T3 caused an increase in TCA-precipitable radioactivity in the medium from incubation of hepatocytes with metabolizable radioactive amino acids. These results suggest that protein metabolism by salmon hepatocytes is stimulated by both E2 and T3 with differing kinetic patterns. PMID- 3918918 TI - Targeted selection experiments and enzyme polymorphism: negative evidence for octanoate selection at the G6PD locus in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Published studies have reported significant selection with respect to the G6pd locus for Drosophila melanogaster reared on Na-octanoate food. We have reexamined the selective effects of Na-octanoate on egg to adult viability with respect to the G6pd polymorphism using specially constructed X chromosomes. Four experiments were carried out using different 6Pgd backgrounds in two recombinant sets of chromosomes segregating for the G6pd locus but constructed so as to minimize variation over most of the X chromosome. In addition, two measures of viability were used, and the size of the experiments and their associated degrees of freedom are approximately double those reported in the former studies. Our results find no evidence for differential selection on G6pd genotypes (males and females) by Na-octanoate and, therefore, do not corroborate the positive results of selection reported by other investigators. The reasons for our different results are discussed. PMID- 3918919 TI - [Isolation and analysis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO mutants resistant to nonlysogenic bacteriophages]. AB - Nonlysogenizing Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO bacteriophages were studied. According to morphology of the plaques, they were distributed into three groups: phi k, phi m and phi mn. The mutants of P. aeruginosa PAO resistant to these bacteriophages were selected. On the basis of cris-cross resistance analysis of the mutants, a formal scheme of the receptor sites on the P. aeruginosa PAO bacterial cell surface is drawn. It is shown that bacteriophages phi k and phi m use different receptors for their adsorption. The receptors of phi m and phi mn phages are specifically interconnected. Thus, the receptor for phi k phages is connected with the receptor for phage phi 11. It appears that the receptor for bacteriophage E79 is identical to those of phi m phages. The phi m receptor is of a composite structure: it includes two different receptors used by phi mn phages. PMID- 3918920 TI - [Hip sonography in infancy. Procedure and clinical significance]. PMID- 3918921 TI - [Side effects of anticonvulsants on the peripheral nervous system and vestibulo ocular functions]. AB - Clinical findings of patients with polyneuropathy during treatment with anticonvulsant drugs are referred and cases are demonstrated concerning differential diagnosis of subclinical polyneuropathy as well as phenytoinophthalmoplegia. PMID- 3918922 TI - An insurance executive looks at changing patterns of health care. Interview by John A. Talbott. PMID- 3918923 TI - Direct costs and expenditures for mental health care in the United States in 1980. AB - Estimates of direct costs and expenditures for mental health care in 1980 are presented in this analysis. Besides estimates for the specialty mental health sector, the general medical sector, and the human service sector (schools and the criminal justice system), the authors include transportation costs and expenditures for transfer payments. They obtained a low total estimate of $19.2 billion and a high total estimate of $22 billion. Comparisons with previous estimates indicate an annual growth rate in real costs for mental health care of about 1.7 percent since 1971. PMID- 3918924 TI - Automation in the medical records department. PMID- 3918925 TI - Hospitals and PPS: exemplary beginnings. PMID- 3918926 TI - Angiosarcomas arising in edematous extremities: immunostaining for factor VIII related antigen and ultrastructural features. AB - Immunostaining for Factor VIII-related antigen was seen in deparaffinized sections from 19 of 20 postmastectomy angiosarcomas and from four of four sarcomas that arose in chronically edematous tissue unrelated to breast carcinoma. Staining was also seen in sections from two malignant hemangioendotheliomas, four capillary hemangiomas, and one granulation tissue specimen. Sections from two lymphangiomas were immunonegative for Factor VIII related antigen in the endothelium of lymphatic channels, whereas staining was observed in the surrounding normal blood vessels. Electron microscopic study of four postmastectomy angiosarcomas disclosed ultrastructural features (fenestrae, intense pinocytotic activity, cell junctions, and Weibel-Palade bodies) supporting the blood vascular endothelial nature of the neoplastic cells. It is concluded that a neoplastic blood vessel component is present in sarcomas that arise in chronically edematous tissues. It is questionable whether a lymphatic component is also present. These tumors, therefore, should be regarded as angiosarcomas rather than lymphangiosarcomas. PMID- 3918927 TI - Neoplastic B cells with cerebriform nuclei in follicular lymphomas. AB - Three cases of follicular lymphoma in which the follicular center cells exhibited pronounced nuclear irregularities, i.e., convoluted and cerebriform shapes, are described. The cytoplasm in B5-fixed sections was scanty to abundant and showed pale to clear staining, with interlocking cell borders. Although the architectural pattern in these cases suggested B-cell lymphoma, the cytologic features suggested a T-cell phenotype. Immunologic studies of frozen sections by immunohistochemical techniques in all three cases, as well as cell suspension studies in two cases, showed that the follicular center cells, including those with convoluted and cerebriform nuclei, were clearly monoclonal B cells, as evidenced by the presence of only one immunoglobulin light chain on the surfaces. The results of this study suggest that the follicular architectural pattern is a more reliable predictor of the immunologic phenotype than are the cytologic features. PMID- 3918928 TI - Glycogen storage disease confined to the heart with deficient activity of cardiac phosphorylase kinase: a new type of glycogen storage disease. AB - The case of a male infant with marked deposition of glycogen, confined to the heart, is presented. Clinically, prominent cardiomegaly had been evident from immediately after birth until the infant's death due to heart failure. There were no significant clinical manifestations in other organs, including liver and skeletal muscle, during the clinical course. Autopsy revealed abnormal deposition of normally structured glycogen in the heart, but no deposition in the liver, skeletal muscle, or other systemic organs. This unusual pattern of glycogen deposition was also confirmed by measurement of the glycogen content of each organ. This is the first report of glycogen storage disease confined to the heart. Enzymatic analysis revealed no decrease in the activities of acid maltase, amylo-1,6-glucosidase, and phosphorylase in the heart or in the liver or skeletal muscle. However, phosphorylase kinase activity was not detectable in the heart, although high activity levels were observed in the liver and skeletal muscle. In this case the inborn error of metabolism responsible for the isolated deposition of glycogen in heart muscle may have been due to a deficiency of cardiac phosphorylase kinase. PMID- 3918929 TI - Endocrine changes associated with the human aging process: II. Effect of age on the number and size of thyrotropin immunoreactive cells in the human pituitary. AB - The thyrotropin immunoreactive cells in the pituitaries of 40 patients of varying ages were quantified after immunocytochemical staining. Thyrotroph hypertrophy and relative hyperplasia were both present in aged pituitaries. No consistent relation with the histologic features of the thyroid or adrenal, or with the cause of death, was demonstrable. PMID- 3918930 TI - Single light chain subclass (kappa chain) immunoglobulin deposition in glomerulonephritis. AB - Renal glomerular disease characterized by the deposition of immunoglobulin light chains or monoclonal immunoglobulins was demonstrated by immunofluorescence microscopy in 11 patients. The most common histopathologic findings were those of mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis, but considerable variability was observed. Lesions resembling diabetic glomerulosclerosis and amyloidosis were seen in some patients. Immunofluorescence findings in seven patients showed concomitant, equally intense staining for kappa light chain and immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgG or IgA), indicative of monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition. Specimens in the remaining cases stained predominantly for kappa light chain alone. In six cases the histologic and ultrastructural pattern was similar to that of type I mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis. In three cases linear deposits were present, predominantly in subendothelial and inner glomerular basement membranes and, to a lesser degree, in mesangial locations, as in type II mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis. In one of the latter cases dense deposits were intermixed with aggregates of amorphous fibrillar material indistinguishable from amyloid. In two cases involving IgA kappa chain deposition the histologic and ultrastructural appearance was that of mesangial glomerulonephritis. Considerable heterogeneity was found in the clinical features of the patient population. Specific clinical or serologic parameters for this disease could not be identified. Only one patient had an associated lymphoplasmacytic disorder. After follow-up periods ranging from six months to 17 years, all of the patients were alive, including four who had progressed to end-stage renal disease and required dialysis. Two of the latter patients underwent successful renal transplantation; one had been alive for five years and the other for three months without evidence of recurrence of the renal disease at the last follow-up examination. PMID- 3918931 TI - Uncertainty in identification of blood group A subtypes by agglutination test. AB - Identification of the blood group A subtypes, i.e. A1, A2, and A1-A2 intermediate (Aint), by agglutination test, particularly in AB red cells, is ambiguous. The expressions of A subtypes in red blood cells are the consequences of diverse formations of the A substances by the action of three types of blood group N acetyl-galactosaminyl-transferases controlled by A1, A2, and Aint genes. Therefore, the A subtypes are more directly identified by examining the kinetic characters of A-enzymes existing in plasma. Several Black AB subjects classified as non-A1 by the agglutination test were identified as A1B and AintB on the enzyme basis. A subject serologically classified as A1 had A2-enzyme in her plasma, i.e. she is genetically A2O or A2A2. The present and previous studies indicate that red cell A2 status is occasionally expressed as a result of the combination of Aint and B, and of A1 and superactive B. The imbalance between A1/A2 and A1B/A2B observed in some Black populations could be attributed to high frequencies of the Aint and B. sup. genes in Blacks. PMID- 3918932 TI - Research priorities in gerontologic nursing for long-term care. PMID- 3918933 TI - Activation of non-specific cytotoxic cells in Listeria-susceptible and -resistant mouse strains. AB - An increase in macrophage tumouricidal activity in the spleen was demonstrated following intravenous infection of genetically resistant C57BL/10 mice with Listeria monocytogenes, but not after infection of BALB/c mice. However, tumouricidal macrophages appeared in the peritoneal cavity of both strains after infection, while NK cell activity was generally higher in BALB/c mice. The activation of tumouricidal macrophages and NK cells in the C57BL/B10 mice was T independent and, at least in the peritoneal cavity, radioresistant (600 rads). The relevance of these results to the genetic control of resistance to Listeria is discussed. PMID- 3918934 TI - The antibody-containing cell response of the lamina propria of the sheep and the uptake of soluble antigen into afferent ileal lymph following intra-intestinal infusion of soluble or particulate antigen. AB - Experiments were carried out in sheep to determine the isotype distribution of antibody-containing cells (ACC) produced by the lamina propria of the intestine. Soluble or particulate antigen was infused intra-intestinally and the isotype specificity of the subsequent ACC response was monitored in afferent lymph collected from ileal lymphadenectomised sheep. Infusion with Brucella abortus cells+5% DEAE-dextran for 3 days elicited a peak lymph-borne ACC response of 5 X 10(5) ACC/hr on day 7, and a second 3-day infusion elicited a somewhat reduced response with a peak output of ACC of 2.9 X 10(5)/hr on day 12. Brucella-specific ACC were of either IgM or IgA isotype, and a percentage of cells apparently contained both isotypes during the primary response. Following continuous intra intestinal infusion of ovalbumin with DEAE-dextran, peak levels of ACC in lymph occurred on day 9 when 10.7 X 10(5)/hr ACC were present in lymph, and on day 15 when 16.5 X 10(5) ACC/hr were discharged into lymph. IgA-ACC comprised 70-90% of ACC throughout the response, with 5-25% IgM-ACC produced in the early stages. IgG1-ACC assumed a greater proportion of the total ACC as the response progressed. A solid-phase radioimmunoassay was used to measure the long-term absorption of ovalbumin from the ileum. The cumulative uptake was similar, whether ovalbumin was infused with or without DEAE-dextran, although following infusion with DEAE-dextran, measurable amounts of ovalbumin were present in lymph for a longer period. These results confirm that the intestinal epithelium is permeable to minute amounts of macromolecules, and the prolonged permeability may contribute to the immunopotentiating effect of DEAE-dextran. PMID- 3918935 TI - Neutralization of cholera toxin by rat bile secretory IgA antibodies. AB - IgA-antibody (AB) activities have been elicited in rat bile against several antigens such as bacteria, erythrocytes, tumour cells, haptens and proteins (Lemaitre-Coelho, Jackson & Vaerman, 1978; Hall et al., 1979; Montgomery, Lemaitre-Coelho & Vaerman, 1980; Peppard et al., 1982). However, their biological significance, except for plasma clearance of immune complexes (Peppard et al., 1982) and bacterial agglutination, remains conjectural, despite their possible major contribution to rat intestinal immunity. The importance of local intestinal immunity in protection against cholera is today widely admitted (Jertborn, Svennerholm & Holmgren, 1984). Intraintestinally given cholera toxin (CT) is a potent immunogen in rats whose intestinal mucosa then harbours numerous anti-CT IgA plasma cells (Pierce, 1978). Since bile IgA in rats is largely, but not entirely, derived from intestinal synthesis (Vaerman, Lemaitre-Coelho & Jackson, 1978; Manning et al., 1984), rats intestinally immunized with CT could display high levels of anti-CT IgA AB in their bile, and these AB might neutralize CT in the biologically relevant intestinal loop assay (Lange & Holmgren, 1978). PMID- 3918937 TI - Quantitation of adherence of mucoid and nonmucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa to hamster tracheal epithelium. AB - Adherence of mucoid and nonmucoid isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to tracheal epithelium was quantitated by using hamster tracheas mounted in a perfusion chamber. The strains of P. aeruginosa used were clinical isolates from cystic fibrosis patients and a series of laboratory strains. Aseptically excised hamster tracheas were mounted in perfusion chambers and embedded in minimal essential medium containing 1.5% agarose. The tracheas were infected with various numbers of bacteria for various periods, rinsed, homogenized, and plated on Trypticase soy agar. A 4-mm segment from each trachea was prepared for quantitation, and the other segment was prepared for examination by scanning electron microscopy. Adherence increased with time and with increasing concentrations of inoculum. Standard conditions of inoculation were set at an inoculum of 10(7) CFU/ml and a 2-h incubation. Under these conditions, the mucoid organisms adhered to the ciliated epithelium 10- to 100-fold better than did the nonmucoid organisms. Adherence of the mucoid isolates did not appear to be pilus mediated and did not involve hydrophobic interactions. The mucoid P. aeruginosa isolates could be seen adhering to the epithelium in the form of microcolonies embedded in an extracellular matrix which attaches the organisms to the cilia and to each other. The adherence may be involved in the establishment of infection of the lungs of these patients and in the inability to clear the organisms from the lungs. The model will be useful in determining the mechanism of adherence of the bacteria to the ciliated epithelium of the respiratory tract. PMID- 3918936 TI - Depressing hepatic macrophage complement receptor function causes increased susceptibility to endotoxemia and infection. AB - Previous work has demonstrated that in vivo hepatic macrophage complement receptor clearance function is depressed after thermal injury. To determine whether impairment of complement receptor function is important in host defense, the present study evaluated the effect of the depression of complement receptor function in uninjured animals on susceptibility to endotoxin shock and bacterial infection. Hepatic complement receptor clearance function was evaluated by measuring the hepatic uptake of a test dose (2.9 X 10(8)/100 g) of rat erythrocytes coated with anti-erythrocyte immunoglobulin M (EIgM) or EIgG in rats. Depression of hepatic complement receptor function was induced by the injection of EIgG. The hepatic uptake of the test dose of EIgM or EIgG was depressed after the injection of 8.7 X 10(8) EIgG per 100 g and 17.4 X 10(8) EIgG per 100 g but not after the injection of 2.9 X 10(8) EIgG per 100 g. This effect was shown not to be due to a decrease in hepatic blood flow or a depletion of serum C3 and was, therefore, due to a depression in hepatic macrophage complement receptor clearance function. Susceptibility to endotoxin shock was increased with the dose of 8.7 X 10(8) EIgG per 100 g, and susceptibility to infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa was increased with the dose of 17.4 X 10(8) EIgG per 100 g. Therefore, depression of hepatic macrophage complement receptor clearance function with EIgG is associated with depressed host defense. PMID- 3918938 TI - Production of Listeria-specific rat T-cell clones and role of interleukin-2 receptors in regulation of Listeria-dependent T-cell clone growth in vitro. AB - Splenic T lymphocytes from rats immunized with the facultative intracellular bacterium Listeria monocytogenes were cloned by the limiting-dilution technique in the presence of accessory cells, heat-killed L. monocytogenes as antigen, and conditioned medium containing interleukin-2. The cloned rat T-cells were Listeria specific cells, and their proliferation depended on class II-restricted antigen presentation by accessory cells. As demonstrated by their reactivity to the monoclonal antibody W3/25, the clones were of helper cell phenotype. Cloned-cell proliferation depended on repeated (or continuous) exposure to antigen. When antigen was omitted from the system, cell growth subsided over time, and cells finally ceased to grow. By the use of the monoclonal antibody ART-18, which recognizes the interleukin-2 receptor, it was shown that cessation of growth was accompanied by the disappearance of interleukin-2 receptors from the cell surface. The addition of antigen to the culture resulted in the reexpression of interleukin-2 receptors and concomitant resumption of proliferation. PMID- 3918939 TI - Decreased delayed-type hypersensitivity and increased protection to Listeria monocytogenes seen in mice infected with mucoid and nonmucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - Infection of mice with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, washed and unwashed, mucoid and nonmucoid, altered subsequent immunity to Listeria monocytogenes. Mice were protected against lethal doses of L. monocytogenes yet exhibited decreased delayed-type hypersensitivity footpad swelling to sublethal doses. The mucoid coating of mucoid P. aeruginosa, an important pathogen in chronic bronchopulmonary disorders, imparted no additional immunomodulating capabilities to P. aeruginosa. PMID- 3918940 TI - Effect of different sulfonamides on the human serum complement system. AB - Incubation of normal human serum with different sulfonamides led to a dose dependent inactivation of total hemolytic complement activity. A decrease of the activities of C1, C2, C3, C5 and one or several of the components C6-9 was observed after treatment of normal human serum with the sulfonamide sulfisomidine. Inactivation of complement components by sulfonamides seems to result from direct interaction with the drug as well as, to a minor extent, from activation of the alternative pathway. At relatively high concentrations, sulfonamides caused a conformational change in C3 and C4. The observed structural change is equivalent to that induced by cleavage of the internal thiolester bond in these molecules. The generation of such structurally altered C3 (C3b-like C3) as well as an antagonizing effect of sulfonamides towards the action of the regulatory protein factor I might be responsible for alternative pathway activation. The physiological relevance in vivo of the observed effects of sulfonamides remains to be assessed. PMID- 3918941 TI - Detection of immunoglobulin E in feces by immunoprecipitation, and characterization of associated non-immunoglobulin precipitins. AB - All concentrated human fecal extracts tested formed precipitates in double immunodiffusion with goat antiserum to IgE, as well as with normal goat sera. However, no such precipitates were formed by fecal extracts and rabbit sera. IgE precipitates obtained with both goat and rabbit antisera to IgE showed reactions of non-identity with the former precipitates which seemed to represent complexes of trypsin or chymotrypsin in feces and an alpha-protein in goat sera. This alpha protein, which was responsible for the non-immunoglobulin precipitations, was different from human alpha 1-antitrypsin. The trypsin-like components in feces had low molecular weights, and might represent degradation products of trypsin or chymotrypsin. After using a second labelled antiserum, precipitates between rabbit antiserum to IgE and extracts of feces could be visualized by means of autoradiography. They were seen in fecal extracts in which IgE could also be determined by a double-antibody paper radioimmunoassay technique (paper radio immunosorbent test; PRIST). Since the concentrations measured by a radioactive single-radial immunodiffusion method correlated to some extent with the PRIST concentrations, the latter precipitates were likely to represent IgE in feces. PMID- 3918942 TI - Antigenic competition in the induction of contact sensitivity in the guinea pig. AB - The antigen-presenting capability of macrophage modified with a single hapten (dinitrofluorobenzene) is partially or totally abolished by an additional haptenation with a second related (picryl chloride) or unrelated (oxazolone) hapten. This effect, 'antigenic competition', is only partially mediated by suppressor cells. There also seems to be an inhibition of the association of the hapten with particular Ia antigens. The prerequisite for antigenic competition is that both hapten responses are controlled by the same immune response gene. Hapten responses which are controlled by different genes, e.g., dinitrofluorobenzene, picryl chloride, and oxazolone on the one hand and benzilidene acetone on the other, do not compete. The pattern of competition thus varies with the strain of guinea pig. PMID- 3918943 TI - The dissociation of some 111In chelates in the presence of transferrin and haemoglobin studied by PAC. AB - The interaction of [111In]Tris-chelates with protein molecules in aqueous solution at room temperature has been studied using time-integral and time differential PAC. Increasing amounts of apo-transferrin were added to solutions of [111In]tropolonate, -acetylacetonate, -oxinate and -oxine sulphate, and of haemoglobin to [111In]tropolonate. The transfer of 111In from chelate to protein was monitored by time-integral PAC measurements. Analysis of these data in erms of stability constants showed that with added transferrin complete dissociation of each 111In chelate occurred with increasing protein concentration, the radiolabel being sequestered by the protein molecules. Confirmation of this was provided by time-differential PAC measurements at four tropolone:transferrin relative concentrations, and in the pure systems. A value for the first stability constant of transferrin is presented. Analysis of time-integral PAC data showed that added haemoglobin did not cause complete dissociation of [111In]tropolonate, a [111In]tropolone-haemoglobin complex being formed. Time-differential PAC studies of the [111In]tropolonate:haemoglobin and [111In]haemoglobin systems at 77 K and 295 K supported this conclusion, revealing quadrupole frequencies of 14.0 +/- 0.6 MHz in [111In]haemoglobin and 9.1 +/- 1.1 MHz in the mixed system. PMID- 3918944 TI - Acute renal failure. PMID- 3918945 TI - Infiltrating mononuclear cells in human breast carcinoma: predominance of T4+ monocytic cells in the tumor stroma. AB - Frozen sections of 52 breast carcinomas were examined for the presence and nature of a leukocytic infiltrate. The number of "common leukocyte (T200-) antigen" bearing cells was remarkably high in the stromal compartment of the carcinomas, whereas the tumor foci themselves were usually infiltrated only sparsely. Approximately 80% of these T200+ stromal cells carried the myelomonocyte lineage associated antigens M-M522 and 63D3 and exhibited "non-specific esterase" activity. More than 2/3 of the stromal monocytic cells expressed the T4 antigen as verified by monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) directed against different T4 associated epitopes. A T-cell analysis showed that T4+ cells clearly outweighed the total number of T cells as defined by anti-T3 and anti-TII antibodies. In addition, a correlation became apparent between the HLA-DR phenotype and the T lymphocyte content of tumor cell areas in the sense that densely infiltrated tumor areas were invariably HLA-DR+. PMID- 3918946 TI - Induction of HLA class-II antigen expression on human carcinoma cell lines by IFN Gamma. AB - The effects of recombinant interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) on HLA antigen expression were examined in various human carcinoma cell lines: carcinomas of the lung (ChaGo, Oat 75, SK-LC-LL), colon (HT-29, WiDr), larynx (HEp-2), cervix (ME-180) and mammary gland (AlAb). Surface expression of HLA antigens was determined using monoclonal antibodies directed against monomorphic determinants of HLA class II (HD II, 2.06) and HLA class I (W6/32) by several techniques including indirect immunofluorescence, immunoperoxidase assay, radioimmunoassay of cells, and immunoprecipitation of radioiodinated cells. Without previous exposure to IFN gamma, HLA class-II antigen was surface-expressed on a small subpopulation of HEp 2 only. All cell lines examined, except AlAb, could be induced to cell-surface expression of HLA class-II antigen after 48 hr incubation in the presence of IFN gamma (10 units/ml). HLA class-I antigen was present on all cell lines even without treatment, and it was increased after IFN-exposure. Incorporation of 3H thymidine and 3H-leucine and expression of the transferrin receptor were not significantly altered by IFN-gamma application, indicating a specific regulatory effect of IFN-gamma on HLA antigen expression. Our data demonstrate that HLA class-II surface expression is inducible by IFN-gamma in a variety of epithelial tumor lines. This may have implications for the host immune system defense mechanisms against tumors. PMID- 3918947 TI - Alterations in the phosphoprotein composition of tumor cell clones induced by cell culture techniques used routinely in assessing metastatic behavior in vivo. AB - To investigate whether the cell dispersion techniques commonly employed to harvest monolayer cultures of tumor cells for injection into experimental animals might induce alterations in cellular biochemistry, we compared the phosphoprotein profiles of 6 B16 melanoma clones of distinct metastatic potential using 2-D gel electrophoresis after growth in monolayer culture, after suspension by treatment, with trypsin/EDTA and after injection of suspended cells into syngeneic mouse plasma. Trypsin/EDTA treatment and subsequent exposure to syngeneic mouse plasma induced significant alterations in phosphoprotein composition in all clones. Most alterations were quantitative, involving either enhanced or diminished expression of specific phosphoproteins, but qualitative changes involving expression of novel phosphoproteins were also observed. None of the changes in phosphoprotein composition correlated with metastatic potential. The principle alteration induced in all clones by trypsin/EDTA involved enhanced phosphorylation of an NP 40-soluble component with a molecular weight of 79,000 and an isoelectric point of 6.3 [pp79 (6.3)]. This determinant was detected in extracts of B16 monolayer cultures but its level of phosphorylation was enhanced significantly by trypsin/EDTA treatment and by exposure of the harvested cells to syngeneic mouse plasma. These data indicate that procedures commonly employed to harvest tumor cells for assay of tumorigenic and metastatic potential may provide extensive alterations in phosphoprotein composition and that biochemical investigations of tumor cells grown in monolayer culture may not accurately reflect the metabolic status of the same cells immediately prior to and following i.v. injection into experimental animals. PMID- 3918948 TI - Effects of diazoxide-induced reversible diabetes on chemically induced autochthonous mammary carcinomas in Sprague-Dawley rats. AB - The effect of oral administration of diazoxide on rats bearing mammary carcinomas induced by dimethylbenzanthracene (7,12-DMBA) or methylnitrosourea (MNU) was investigated. Administration of 300 mg/kg diazoxide caused mild reversible diabetes with maximum glucose levels of 305 +/- 74 (control: 119 +/- 12) mg/dl and related insulin levels of 15 +/- 5 (control: 24 +/- 11) microU/ml after 4 hr in tumor-bearing animals. Following the same dose of diazoxide a more than 90% inhibition of tumor growth was observed in 7,12-DMBA- and MNU-induced autochthonous rat mammary carcinomas as well as remission of the median total tumor volume per group in 7,12-DMBA-induced lesions. Frequently, onset of remissions and median remission duration proved to be dose-dependent in 7,12-DMBA induced mammary carcinoma and, with the exception of the median remission duration, in MNU-induced tumors too. After cessation of diazoxide application, 30% rebound responses were observed in 7,12-DMBA-induced tumors of animals that had had a first remission due to diazoxide. Application of insulin (2 IU per rat) together with diazoxide (300 mg/kg) reversed the tumor-inhibiting effect of diazoxide in MNU-induced tumors. The diazoxide effect might in part be due to a decrease in the percentage of proliferating cells caused by insulin depletion as indicated by a lower amount of cells in S-phase, as measured by DNA-flow cytometry. Marked toxicity was observed after effective doses of diazoxide; the experiments indicate that induction of reversible diabetes might be a useful tool in the treatment of hormone-dependent mammary carcinoma. PMID- 3918949 TI - Genesis of lithium-induced T wave flattening. AB - We studied the effect of oral potassium supplement alone and with spironolactone on the lithium-induced T wave change in rabbits. T wave flattening produced by lithium was not affected by oral potassium supplementation. Oral spironolactone therapy effectively reverted as well as prevented lithium-induced T wave flattening. PMID- 3918950 TI - Recombinant human interferon alpha D in HSV-1 recurrence in the rabbit. AB - Recombinant human interferon alpha subtype D (RIFN alpha D) was effective in reducing the shedding of herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) induced by 6 hydroxydopamine iontophoresis followed by topical epinephrine application in previously infected rabbit corneas. A treatment schedule of RIFN alpha D, two drops QID was superior to one drop BID. RIFN alpha A also appeared to be effective in reducing viral shedding. Rabbits treated with RIFN alpha D during two episodes of adrenergically induced HSV-1 shedding, but not during anticipated episodes of spontaneous shedding, did not show a significant reduction in shedding of virus. Interferon was present in significantly higher concentration in tear samples following treatment with RIFN alpha D as compared with RIFN alpha A. PMID- 3918951 TI - Intrathecal toxicity of iohexol vs. metrizamide. Survey and current state. AB - Arachnoiditis, a common finding in patients who have had previous myelograms or spinal surgery, can cause pain, paresis, and can slow elimination of contrast medium from the subarachnoid space. The role of contrast media in producing arachnoiditis has not been well defined but can be studied in a primate model. This study compared incidence of arachnoiditis in monkeys after myelograms using two nonionic contrast media, iohexol and metrizamide. Conditions were chosen to produce the greatest possible effect of contrast medium on the arachnoid. Animals were sacrificed 12 weeks after the myelogram and the dural sac was removed for examination by light microscope. Under adverse conditions, high doses and high concentrations of iohexol produced little arachnoiditis, while metrizamide produced mild to moderate arachnoiditis. Iohexol was shown to have a greater margin of safety then metrizamide, which is considered an important clinical advantage. PMID- 3918952 TI - Organic gold compounds in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 3918953 TI - Gold induced colitis: case report and literature review. PMID- 3918954 TI - Underutilisation of prophylactic drugs in asthmatic children. PMID- 3918955 TI - Prolactin and the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis in cimetidine-treated men. PMID- 3918956 TI - Plasmid prophiles and auxotrophy of Neisseria gonorrhoeae from Israel. PMID- 3918957 TI - Medicaid recipient lock-in program--Hawaii's experience in six years. PMID- 3918958 TI - [Oral glucocorticosteroid therapy in psoriasis vulgaris: pro and con]. AB - Our experience with the treatment of psoriasis with systemic glucocorticosteroids is reviewed. The results have been completely disappointing. Oral glucocorticoids are not up to the standards of a useful antipsoriatic drug when the therapeutic advantages versus the side effects are compared. PMID- 3918959 TI - [Photochemotherapy (PUVA): pro and con]. AB - Photochemotherapy (PUVA) clears severe psoriasis in 90% of cases and is therefore the most effective treatment available for this disease. Stringent criteria are required with regard to patient selection, dosimetry and follow-up. Therefore PUVA should only be performed by appropriately trained and experienced dermatologists who are sufficiently qualified to weigh the severity of the disease against potential side-effects, and to consider the respective risk/benefit ratio of other alternative treatment methods before initiating treatment. As is the case with other forms of chemotherapy, PUVA also carries the risk of long-term side-effects (particularly actinic carcinogenesis) similar to those of long-term, high-intensity ultra-violet radiation. As yet it is not sufficiently clear whether PUVA acts as a true carcinogen or as a promoter and whether the immunosuppression exerted by PUVA under experimental conditions is clinically relevant. For these reasons and because PUVA requires continuous monitoring of patients, it is neither suitable for minor cases, nor for mass therapy or treatment at home. It is, however, the treatment of choice for severe psoriasis and for those forms of psoriasis which represent a decisive professional and social handicap for the patient. Before a decision is made to employ PUVA as a treatment for psoriasis, its benefits and risks should be compared with those of alternative forms of treatment, which should be subjected to equally stringent evaluation criteria. PMID- 3918960 TI - Hospital expenses in a sector model. AB - This review summarizes the capabilities and contributions of quantitative sector models for understanding trends in hospital expenses and the effects thereon of various public policies. After some brief historical notes on the use of analogous models in other policy areas, the general classes of national, partial, and narrow health sector models are introduced with special attention to method of validation and behavioral structure. Fourteen published models, described and critically reviewed with regard to these criteria, are assessed for their individual application to important policy and behavioral issues. Suggestions are offered for improvements and new initiatives in the use of sector models both in forecasting and in the study of procompetitive policies and reimbursement rule changes. PMID- 3918962 TI - History of microwave electron linear accelerators for radiotherapy. AB - Some of the far reaching contributions of Henry S. Kaplan are described which helped launch the development, improvement, and widespread use of microwave electron linear accelerators in radiotherapy. These are presented in historical relationship to the fundamental inventions and developments upon which modern medical accelerator technology is based. PMID- 3918963 TI - The Piotron: II. Methods and initial results of dynamic pion therapy in phase II studies. AB - Negative pi-meson (pion) therapy employing dynamic scanning with a focused spot of convergent beams has been in use since 1981 at SIN. Three-dimensional conformation of the treatment volume to the target volume can thus be achieved. Following previously reported Phase I and Ib clinical trials, a Phase II trial was initiated with the goal of treating primary deep-seated tumors in a dose optimization schedule which included stepwise increase of total pion dose and of target volume. Patients with multicentric superficial bladder tumors who were cystectomy candidates were initially selected. Since then, more invasive cases have been treated. A graded scoring of acute tissue reactions was employed. Follow-up periods were from 10 to 20 months. The pion dose escalation ranged from 3000 rad (minimum) to 3600 rad (minimum) in 20 fractions over 5 weeks. The treatment volumes encompassed 190 cc for local to 1,820 cc for extended volume therapy. Treatment reactions ranged from a faint erythema and increase of bladder frequency to dry desquamation, mild nausea, moderate dysuria, and moderate proctitis or diarrhea with mucus. These reactions were closely related to treatment volume and site. One severe late cystitis has occurred in a patient treated with 2 courses of pions (4475 rad). Mild to moderate late proctitis has been seen in 4 patients. Ten of 13 bladder cancer patients had local control of disease while all 3 pancreas or biliary tract cancer patients had microscopic residual disease locally at time of death from metastasis. A total of 11 of 17 patients are thus clinically or pathologically free of local tumor to time of last observation. PMID- 3918964 TI - Unexpected lambda chain expression in lymphocytic malignancy. AB - Specific chromosome changes occur in the initiation and progression of cancer. A translocation between chromosomes 14 and 18 arises as a primary cytogenetic event in the formation of non-Hodgkin, non-Burkitt lymphomas (BL), while a translocation between chromosomes 2 and 8 is seen in BL and BL-type acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL-L3) with expression of kappa (kappa) light immunoglobulin chains. These two translocations were detected in a lymphocytic malignancy expressing not kappa, but lambda (lambda) light chains. The anomalous light chain expression, it appears, provides the key clue indicating that the translocation between chromosomes 14 and 18 arose first during lymphoma formation in a cell committed to lambda chain synthesis and the translocation between chromosomes 2 and 8 occurred in the transformation to ALL. This sequence of cytogenetic events is consistent with the clinical course from lymphocytic lymphoma to ALL, the immunologic phenotype of the malignancy, and the concept of a cascade of chromosome changes eventuating in aggressive cancer. PMID- 3918961 TI - Prevention and the elderly: risk factors. PMID- 3918965 TI - Radiotherapeutic management of primary thyroid lymphoma. AB - The purpose of this study was to evaluate the radiotherapeutic management of 38 patients, with malignant lymphoma of the thyroid, seen at the Mayo Clinic between 1965 and 1979. There were 8 males and 30 females with ages ranging from 34 to 90 years (mean age of 65 years). A tissue diagnosis was made in all patients and tissue was available for reclassification under the "Working Formulation" in 31 of the 38 patients. Twenty-six patients had intermediate grade histology, four low grade and one indeterminate. Twenty patients were clinical Stage IE, 14 patients Stage IIE, one patient Stage IIIE, one patient Stage IV and two patients were unstaged. All patients were treated with approximately 4000 rad megavoltage irradiation (range 2400-6000 rad) to the neck only (10 patients) or neck and mediastinum (28 patients). Twenty patients received subdiaphragmatic radiotherapy and four patients received adjuvant chemotherapy. Median follow-up was 56 months with minimum follow-up of 30 months. Overall disease-free survival at five years was 59%. Of 14 patients who experienced a recurrence, 10 (71%) failed in two or more sites. The most common site of failure was in para-aortic lymph nodes. One year survival following recurrence was 29%; however, four of six patients receiving salvage therapy survived at least two years. Patients receiving radiation treatment to the neck and mediastinum and those with no gross residual disease at the initiation of radiotherapy were less likely to develop a recurrence. Patients receiving a planned break during the course of therapy did not have reduced overall disease-free survival. However, 4 of 20 patients (20%) who received split course therapy failed within the radiation fields compared to 2 of 18 patients (11%) who had no treatment break. Only 1 of 4 patients (25%) receiving adjuvant chemotherapy survived one year. Side effects of radiotherapy were minimal. We believe the radiotherapeutic management of clinical Stage IE and IIE primary thyroid lymphoma should include treatment of the neck, axillae and mediastinum to a dose of approximately 4000 rad using a continuous course technique. Additionally, gross total removal of the disease surgically may be beneficial. PMID- 3918966 TI - Radiotherapy of lymphoid diseases of the orbit. AB - Thirty-two patients with orbital pseudotumor (18), reactive lymphoid hyperplasia (2), atypical lymphoid infiltrate (4) or malignant lymphoma (8) were treated in the Division of Radiation Therapy at Stanford University between January 1973 and May 1983. Of the 20 patients with pseudotumor or reactive lymphoid hyperplasia, 10 had unilateral lesions and 10 had bilateral lesions. Biopsy samples were obtained in 15 patients; in five patients with bilateral disease the diagnosis was made on the basis of computed tomography (CT) and clinical findings. The majority of patients were referred because of disease refractory to treatment with corticosteroids. The patients were given a mean dose of 2360 rad using complex, individualized megavoltage techniques including lens shielding. Radiotherapy was well tolerated with no significant acute or late complications. Fifteen patients had complete resolution of symptoms after treatment; five had continued symptoms. Of the 12 patients with malignant lymphoma or atypical lymphoid infiltrate, four had systemic lymphoma with orbital involvement and eight had orbital involvement only. The diagnosis was made by biopsy in all patients and immunophenotyping was done in six cases, of which 5 were monoclonal. Patients were evaluated with a chest radiograph, lymphogram or abdominal CT, bone marrow biopsy and orbital CT. A mean dose of 3625 rad was delivered to the orbit only. Most of the patients received complex megavoltage treatment using bolus. All patients in this group had a complete response and local control. There were no relapses in those with localized disease. Two patients developed cataracts. Carefully planned orbital radiotherapy provides local control without symptomatic sequelae for orbital masses ranging from pseudotumor to malignant lymphoma. PMID- 3918967 TI - Combination of external beam irradiation and multiple-site perineal applicator (MUPIT) for treatment of locally advanced or recurrent prostatic, anorectal, and gynecologic malignancies. AB - We have devised a single after-loading applicator, the Martinez Universal Perineal Interstitial Template (MUPIT), which has been used in combination with external beam irradiation to treat 104 patients with either locally advanced or recurrent malignancies of the cervix, vagina, female urethra, prostate, or anorectal region. Twenty-six patients treated for prostate cancer are excluded because of their short follow-up. Local failure developed in 13 of the 78 remaining patients (16.6%)--major complications developed in 4 patients (5.1%). Follow-up has been 1 year to 7 1/2 years; 60/78 patients have been followed for more than 2 years. All local recurrences and complications occurred before 18 months. The device consists of two acrylic cylinders, an acrylic template with an array of holes that serve as guides for trocars, and a cover plate. In use, the cylinders are placed in the vagina and/or rectum or both and then fastened to the template so that a fixed geometric relationship among the tumor volume, normal structures, and source placement is preserved throughout the course of the implantation. Appropriate computer programs have been developed to calculate the dose from these implants. The advantages of the system are (a) greater control of the placement of sources relative to the tumor volume and critical structures, as a result of the fixed geometry provided by the template and cylinders, and (b) improved dose-rate distributions obtained by means of computerized optimization of the source placement and strength during the planning phase. We conclude that the local control rate (83.4%) with low morbidity (5.1%) achieved with the combination of external beam irradiation and MUPIT applicator in these patients with locally advanced malignancies represents an improvement over previous published results with other applicators. PMID- 3918968 TI - Results of radiotherapy alone in 581 patients with Stage II carcinoma of the uterine cervix. AB - From January 1976 to December 1978, 581 previously untreated patients with Stage II carcinoma of the uterine cervix were treated by radiotherapy alone in nine departments of radiotherapy in France. This retrospective analysis was undertaken in an attempt to evaluate the therapeutic results and prognostically significant factors. The initial clinical staging and the therapeutic guidelines were as outlined at the U.T. M. D. Anderson Hospital in Houston; all our patients were treated by standardized protocols combining external beam irradiation and intracavitary irradiation with cesium sources. The overall locoregional control rate was 83.2%, with total disease control of 74.5%. Uncorrected actuarial survival rates are 76% at 3 years and 68% at 5 years. The incidence of severe posttherapeutic complications is 7.2%. Clinical substaging, patient's age at the time of the diagnosis, lymphangiogram findings, and tolerance to external irradiation were all found to have prognostic significance. According to those findings, the possibilities of improving the results are discussed. PMID- 3918969 TI - Is dose/time fractionation important in treating rectal cancer? AB - In a study to evaluate the effect of increasing dose per fraction on radiation response in rectal cancer, two groups of 29 patients each, matched for extent and size of disease, were evaluated. Group A was treated with conventional dose/fraction (180-200 cGy) X 5 days/week and Group B was treated with 250 cGy/fraction X 4 days/week. Total dose was reduced by 10% in Group B patients to allow comparison of biologically equivalent doses. Two categories of patients were analyzed in each group: patients receiving planned high dose preoperative radiation (4000-4500 cGy); and patients receiving high dose radiation for post surgical recurrent tumors or locally advanced inoperable tumors (5500-6000 cGy). Tumor regression was markedly better in patients treated with the 250 cGy/fraction. Overall response (greater than 50% regression) was 35% (10/29) in Group A and 62% (18/29) in Group B. Nine of 10 patients in Group B, treated preoperatively, had greater than 50% regression in tumor size, with two patients having no evidence of disease on surgico-pathological evaluation. Six of 10 similar patients in Group A had greater than 50% tumor regression. PMID- 3918970 TI - Eye sparing in high energy X ray beams. AB - Treatment of cancer of the antrum and nasopharynx often includes the radiation of tissues close to an uninvolved eye. One treatment method consists of using an anterior high energy X ray beam directed to the tumor through the eye. To maintain a high dose adjacent to and behind the eye while reducing the entrance dose to the eye, build-up material is placed on the skin and a tunnel cut through to the eye. When the build-up material is tissue-like, the tunnel can be several centimeters in height and scattered radiation from the tunnel walls will largely offset the build-up properties of the beam. Using higher density build-up material, the dose to the superficial layers of the eye can be reduced almost to the limit set by the open beam characteristics. This technique has been used successfully for 8 years. PMID- 3918971 TI - Phase I and pharmacologic study of oral ftorafur and X ray therapy in advanced gastrointestinal cancer. AB - We have treated 15 patients with advanced gastrointestinal carcinoma with a cyclical regimen of combined Ftorafur (N1-((2-furanidyl-))-5-Fluorouracil, a 5-FU pro-drug) and external beam radiation. The Ftorafur (FT) was administered orally in daily doses of between 1.0 and 2.5 g/m2/day in 3 divided doses in a Phase I format. The drug was given daily for 5 days along with conventional X ray treatment portals and daily radiation doses of 250 rad on each of the first 4 days of each treatment cycle. The patients were then rested for a minimum of 10 days or until all significant side effects had passed. The total number of 1,000 rad cycles and radiation dose were dictated by tolerance and by normal organ dose limitations. The most common toxicity in general, and the most common limiting toxicity was nausea and vomiting, in contrast to oral FT alone where diarrhea is more prominent. Stomatitis was seen only once and no other form of serious toxicity was encountered. Two-thirds of the patients responded in subjective terms (pain relief). There was 1 partial response to FT alone (pulmonary metastases outside the treatment field). The sole patient whose treatment field was outside the abdomen (chest portals for esophageal carcinoma) developed pneumonitis which contributed to his death. No other delayed effects were noted. Serum FT levels were related to the ingested dose and in the microgram range while serum 5-FU levels were in the nanogram range indicating slow decomposition of FT into 5-FU. The therapy was reasonably well tolerated at doses of 2.0 g/m2/day or lower with abdominal radiation. FT offers the potential for replacing intra-venous infused 5-FU as a clinical radiosensitizer. PMID- 3918972 TI - Implications of lung corrections for dose specification in radiotherapy. AB - The influence of taking into account the lung density in the calculation of the dose distributions was examined for a group of 23 patients with bronchus carcinoma. Anatomical information and electron densities were available by means of CT scans. All calculations were made for cobalt-60 gamma rays using a patient specific multiple field irradiation technique. The effect of lung tissues for the dose distributions was calculated using a generalization of Batho's method. All patients entered into this study were planned to receive a minimum tumor dose of 60 Gy, calculated without correction for lung density. The actual dose in each patient was recalculated with lung correction. In the group of patients the corrected minimum tumor dose varied between 63 Gy and 77 Gy (105-128%). The calculated homogeneity of the dose in the target area and the dose to surrounding normal tissues are also affected by lung correction. For different radiation techniques and different methods of dose specification, the interrelation between corrected and uncorrected dose is presented in tables. The impact of lung correction on the uncorrected dose schedules that are commonly used in the treatment of patients with lung cancer is discussed. PMID- 3918973 TI - A test object for evaluation of portal films. AB - A test object has been designed for evaluation of the image quality of portal films in high energy photon radiation therapy. It consists of a pattern of notched polyvinyl chloride cylinders, fastened to a plastic sheet and immersed in water during exposure. In a pilot experiment, films produced with the test object were evaluated by a panel of observers. The results indicate that the use of the test object simulates the clinical application of portal films well. It is concluded that the test object can simplify studies of the efficacy of various methods to produce and view portal films. PMID- 3918974 TI - A diagnostic X ray field verification device for a 10 MV linear accelerator. AB - The quality of portal films taken at megavoltage energies is frequently poor, despite the use of various techniques such as lead screens to improve the image. When critical structures, such as the spinal cord, are to be blocked out of the treatment field, it is frequently difficult to determine whether the block is correctly placed. To solve this problem, a diagnostic X ray source has been mounted on the side of a 10 MV linear accelerator to provide accurate verification of patient positioning and location of shielding blocks. The coincidence between the mechanical, 10 MV and diagnostic X ray isocenters is about 1 mm. The system has been designed so that procedures to monitor this coincidence, and adjustment procedures to maintain it, are easily performed. PMID- 3918975 TI - The new AAPM protocol for the determination of dose from high-energy photon and electron beams. PMID- 3918976 TI - Atypical findings in 16 cases of canine ehrlichiosis. AB - Sixteen cases of clinically and serologically diagnosed canine ehrlichiosis were studied retrospectively. Findings not previously reported included diffuse, pulmonary interstitial radiopacities; weak-positive results for blastomycosis, using agar gel immunodiffusion; normal platelet counts; hemorrhage despite platelet counts greater than 100,000/mm3, and positive results for platelet factor 3 and antinuclear antibody assays. These atypical findings showed that the differential diagnosis of canine ehrlichiosis, blastomycosis, immune-mediated thrombocytopenia, and primary nasal lesions may be confusing, warranting careful assessment. The increased release of platelet factor 3 and the finding of antinuclear antibodies supported an immune mechanism in the pathogenesis of canine ehrlichiosis, as suggested by previous experimental studies. PMID- 3918977 TI - Cisplatin, a new antineoplastic drug in veterinary medicine. PMID- 3918978 TI - Rate of rise of arterial carbon dioxide tension in the halothane-anesthetized horse. AB - The rate of rise of arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) was determined in 49 apneic halothane-anesthetized horses following controlled ventilation. Drugs given for induction of anesthesia did not affect the rapid rate of rise of PaCO2 during the first minute after controlled ventilation, the PaCO2 at 1 minute after controlled ventilation, or the PaCO2 at which spontaneous ventilation began. Horses given xylazine-ketamine for induction of anesthesia had a significantly (P less than 0.05) faster rate of rise of PaCO2 after 1 minute following controlled ventilation than did horses receiving xylazine-thiamylal for induction. PMID- 3918980 TI - Molecular structure and glycosidase-inhibitory activity of nojirimycin bisulfite adduct. PMID- 3918979 TI - Congenital absence of the vasa deferentia presenting with infertility. AB - Congenital absence of both vasa deferentia is not an infrequent cause of sterility. Between April 1975 and December 1981, 11 men out of a total of 749 presenting with infertility were diagnosed as having congenital absence of both vasa deferentia. Subsequent clinical investigations showed that FSH levels were within the normal range (2-10 mIU/ml), blood karyotype (XY) was normal, and testicular histology demonstrated normal spermatogenesis. Seminal volume was markedly reduced in nine patients (range 0.25-1.0 ml). In three out of four patients tested, seminal fructose was found to be completely absent. Of the 11 patients, eight subsequently had exploratory surgery. In four men, the whole epididymis was present on both sides, while the other four had varying parts of one or both epididymides absent. In six of the eight patients explored surgically, no trace of the vasa deferentia could be found, while one other patient had thin fibrous cords in the anatomical site of the vasa deferentia. A possible cause for the abnormality and the importance of seminal fructose estimation are discussed. PMID- 3918981 TI - Isolation and characterization of bulgecins, new bacterial metabolites with bulge inducing activity. AB - Bulgecins A, B and C, new bacterial metabolites which induce the formation of bulges by cooperation with beta-lactam antibiotics, were isolated from the culture broth of Pseudomonas mesoacidophila. The three components, separated by column chromatography on QAE-Sephadex A-25, are water-soluble acidic compounds containing a sulfate group in the molecule. Acid hydrolysis showed that D glucosamine and a new proline derivative are common constituents of the three components. In addition, taurine and beta-alanine are constituents of bulgecins A and B, respectively. PMID- 3918982 TI - Binding of latamoxef (moxalactam) and its decarboxylated derivative to Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa penicillin-binding proteins. AB - The binding of latamoxef (moxalactam) and of a decarboxylated derivative to Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) was measured by competition experiments with 125I-radiolabelled penicillin X. Latamoxef and the decarboxylated derivative were highly bound to most of the PBPs, with the exception of PBP-2. As the two compounds possess a phenolic side chain, they also could be radiolabelled with 125I. The proteins thus labelled by these derivatives were qualitatively the same as those labelled by 125I penicillin X, except for PBP-2 which was not labelled by the iodo derivatives of latamoxef and its decarboxylated derivative, and PBP-1c (in E. coli) which is labelled only poorly by the radioactive penicillin. No important difference between latamoxef and its decarboxylated derivative was found, and the same observation was made for penicillin G and carbenicillin. Thus, it was concluded that the carboxylic group of latamoxef does not play an important role in affinity for the targets. PMID- 3918983 TI - Effect of heat shock on protein synthesis in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 6301. AB - The response to heat shock at 47 degrees C was examined in the cyanobacterium (blue-green alga) Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 6301. On heat shock, the growth of the cells decreased and they preferentially synthesized a limited number of polypeptides. The rate of synthesis of these proteins increased markedly in the early period of temperature shift up and gradually decreased afterwards. Among the proteins greatly affected by temperature shift up were those with apparent molecular weights of 91,000 (91K), 79K, 78K, 74K, 65K, 64K, 61K, 49K, 45K, 24K, 22K, 18K, 16K, 14K, 12K, and 11.4K, based on their mobilities in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. From these initial studies on Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 6301 we conclude that in cyanobacteria a heat shock response similar to that known to occur in other eucaryotes and procaryotes might exist. PMID- 3918984 TI - Differential expression of protein S genes during Myxococcus xanthus development. AB - Protein S, the most abundant protein synthesized during development of the fruiting bacterium Myxococcus xanthus, is coded by two highly homologous genes called protein S gene 1 (ops) and protein S gene 2 (tps). The expression of these genes was studied with fusions of the protein S genes to the lacZ gene of Escherichia coli. The gene fusions were constructed so that expression of beta galactosidase activity was dependent on protein S gene regulatory sequences. Both the gene 1-lacZ fusion and the gene 2-lacZ fusion were expressed exclusively during fruiting body formation (development) in M. xanthus. However, distinct patterns of induction of fusion protein activity were observed for the two genes. Gene 2 fusion activity was detected early during development on an agar surface and could also be observed during nutritional downshift in dispersed liquid culture. Gene 1 fusion activity was not detected until much later in development and was not observed after downshift in liquid culture. The time of induction of gene 1 fusion activity was correlated with the onset of sporulation, and most of the activity was spore associated. This gene fusion was expressed during glycerol induced sporulation when gene 2 fusion activity could not be detected. The protein S genes appear to be members of distinct regulatory classes of developmental genes in M. xanthus. PMID- 3918986 TI - Effect of nitrogen starvation on the morphology and ultrastructure of the cyanobacterium Mastigocladus laminosus. AB - The effects of nitrogen starvation on the morphology and ultrastructure of the branching, filamentous cyanobacterium Mastigocladus laminosus were examined with light and electron microscopy. The internal ultrastructural characteristics of vegetative cells changed markedly during nitrogen starvation. Carboxysomes were degraded, while polyphosphate bodies and lipid bodies accumulated. The ultrastructure of mature heterocysts was also affected by nitrogen starvation; their intracytoplasmic membranes vesiculated to form vacuolelike structures and, eventually, large empty regions in the cytoplasm. Nitrogen starvation stimulated extensive heterocyst differentiation in M. laminosus, producing heterocyst frequencies of 17.5% in narrow filaments and 28.3% in wide filaments within 44 h after transfer to N-free conditions. Cells in wide filaments differentiated so extensively that only 16.8% of them failed to initiate the differentiation process within 44 h. PMID- 3918985 TI - Cloning and expression in Escherichia coli of the regulatory sacU gene from Bacillus subtilis. AB - The regulatory wild-type locus sacU, which has a pleiotropic effect in Bacillus subtilis, notably on the synthesis of secreted proteins, was obtained from a colony bank of Escherichia coli harboring recombinant cosmids representative of the B. subtilis genome. It was shown that the sacU gene is located on a 2.4 kilobase KpnI-EcoRI fragment and that the cloned sequence is homologous to the corresponding chromosomal DNA fragment. The wild-type phenotype was recovered after transformation of SacU-, SacUh, and SacU- Rec- strains with the recombinant cosmid, indicating that the sacU locus has been cloned in totality. The sacU gene was expressed in a minicell-producing E. coli strain, and it was shown that it coded for a 46-kilodalton protein. In addition to the hypersecretion of proteins, SacUh mutants were characterized by the presence of a 46-kilodalton protein in the membrane fraction in higher amounts than were found in the wild-type strain. These mutants were also devoid of a 36-kilodalton polypeptide corresponding to the flagellin subunit. Analysis of the mRNA content of a secreted protein (levansucrase) in SacU- and SacUh mutants strongly suggested that the pleiotropic action of the sacU gene on the synthesis of levansucrase is exerted at a posttranscriptional level in B. subtilis cells and is probably correlated with the mechanism of secretion of exoenzymes. PMID- 3918987 TI - Monovalent cations enable cell wall turnover of the turnover-deficient lyt-15 mutant of Bacillus subtilis. AB - A lyt-15 mutant reported to be unable to turn over the cell wall exhibited the same rate of wall turnover as the standard strain if the medium contained 0.2 M NaCl, which did not affect growth. Cell wall autolysis was also optimal at 0.2 M NaCl. PMID- 3918988 TI - Type III 5-methylcytosine modification of DNA in Neisseria gonorrhoeae. AB - We present here the first report of a type III methyltransferase that modifies a cytosine. Neisseria gonorrhoeae 82409/55 (pJD1) modifies the first cytosine on only one strand from the 5' end of the nonpalindromic sequence: (Formula; see text). We have called this modifying activity M X NgoVIII. PMID- 3918989 TI - Bacillus subtilis mutants deficient in the adaptive response to simple alkylating agents. AB - Three mutant strains exhibiting hyper-sensitivity to N-methyl-N'-nitro-N nitrosoguanidine, but not to methyl methanesulfonate, were selected by a replica method from mutagenized spores of Bacillus subtilis. All three were totally deficient in the adaptive response to N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine with regard to both lethality and mutagenesis. The activity to destroy O6 methylguanine residues in the methylated DNA was not elevated in the mutant cells by the pretreatment with sublethal concentrations of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N nitrosoguanidine. This deficiency corresponded to the persistence of O6 methylguanine residues in the DNA of both control and pretreated mutant cells challenged with the drug. The lethal and mutagenic sensitivity of the mutant strains were observed only for methyl- or ethyl-nitroso compounds that are thought to be active as inducers and are also active in O-alkylation. Except for the insensitivity to methyl methanesulfonate, the phenotypes of these mutants look very similar to those of ada mutants isolated previously in Escherichia coli. PMID- 3918990 TI - Role of lipid intermediate(s) in the synthesis of serogroup B Neisseria meningitidis capsular polysaccharide. AB - Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B strain M986 was examined for the involvement of lipid intermediate(s) participating in the biosynthesis of the sialic acid capsular polysaccharide. The addition of exogenous undecaprenyl phosphate, phosphatidylethanolamine, or phosphatidylglycerol to particulate membranes, in the presence of cytidine 5'-monophosphosialic acid, resulted in the stimulation of sialyltransferase activity specifically by undecaprenyl phosphate. Sialyltransferase activity, after delipidation of particulate membrane proteins, was specifically reconstituted by undecaprenyl phosphate. After the addition of 14C-labeled cytidine 5'-monophosphosialic acid to particulate membranes, the level of labeled lipid intermediate(s), extracted by chloroform-methanol (2:1), increased up to a maximum level between 3.75 and 5.0 min, which subsequently decreased to a lower steady-state level. Pulse-chase experiments revealed a transient, solvent-extractable, lipid-linked component. The extracted N acetylneuraminic acid was in polymeric form. Sequential oxidation and reduction of the extracted radioactivity followed by neuraminidase treatment revealed an average degree of polymerization of four or five N-acetylneuraminic acid residues. Bacitracin-sensitive peptidoglycan was synthesized in vitro by particulate membranes. Cross-competition experiments between peptidoglycan and capsular polysaccharide synthesis by preincubation of precursors of one pathway during synthesis of the other revealed a competitive effect for a common component. This component was believed to be a common pool of undecaprenyl phosphate. A model for the production and regulation of the capsular polysaccharide is proposed. PMID- 3918992 TI - Funeral mania and lithium prophylaxis. PMID- 3918991 TI - Isolation and characterization of a cis-acting mutation conferring catabolite repression resistance to alpha-amylase synthesis in Bacillus subtilis. AB - Bacillus subtilis 168GR10 was shown to contain a mutation, gra-10, which allowed normal temporal activation of alpha-amylase synthesis in the presence of a concentration of glucose that is inhibitory to activation of amylase synthesis in the parent strain, 168. The gra-10 mutation was mapped by phage PBS-1-mediated transduction and by transformation to a site between lin-2 and aroI906, very tightly linked to amyE, the alpha-amylase structural gene. The gra-10 mutation did not pleiotropically affect catabolite repression of sporulation or of the synthesis of extracellular proteases or RNase and was unable to confer glucose resistance to the synthesis of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase encoded by the cat-86 gene driven by the amyE promoter region (amyR1) inserted into the promoter probe plasmid pPL603B. It therefore appears that gra-10 defines a cis-regulatory site for catabolite repression, but not for temporal activation, of amyE expression. The evidence shows that temporal activation and glucose-mediated repression of alpha-amylase synthesis in B. subtilis 168 are distinct phenomena that can be separated by mutation. PMID- 3918993 TI - A double-blind placebo-controlled study of fluvoxamine and imipramine in depression. AB - Outpatients with major affective disorder, unipolar depressed type (N=101), were treated in a 4-week placebo-controlled double-blind study to compare the efficacy and safety of fluvoxamine, a new serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressant, with imipramine and placebo. Therapy was initiated at 50 mg/day; thereafter, dosage ranged between 100 and 300 mg/day for both drugs. Results indicate statistically significant efficacy, measured by both patient and physician rating scales, for both active drugs over placebo. Fluvoxamine showed some evidence of earlier onset of action. Anticholinergic side effects were more common in the imipramine-treated patients, while fluvoxamine produced more gastrointestinal distress and insomnia. PMID- 3918994 TI - Isolation by ion-exchange high performance liquid chromatography of rabbit liver cytochrome P-450 with regioselectivity for omega-hydroxylation of prostaglandins. AB - Previous studies suggested that rabbit liver microsomes contain cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase(s) with low affinity for (omega-1)-hydroxylation and high affinity for omega-hydroxylation of prostaglandins (Theoharides, A. D., and Kupfer, D. (1981) J. Biol. Chem. 256, 2168-2175). The current investigation describes the isolation from livers of untreated rabbits of a cytochrome P-450 catalyzing, with regioselectivity, the omega-hydroxylation of prostaglandins E1 and E2. The isolation of the enzyme involved enrichment of the omega-hydroxylase activity by polyethylene glycol 8000 fractionation, followed by ion-exchange high performance liquid chromatography. Based on Mr of 59,000-60,000 from sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the isolated enzyme is referred to as P-450 form 7. This P-450 exhibits a low spin spectrum (lambda max = 417 nm) and a difference spectrum of the CO-reduced complex versus reduced (lambda max = 451 nm). For catalytic activity, the P-450 form 7 was reconstituted with NADPH-P-450 reductase, cytochrome b5, and lipid. There was no activity in the absence of the reductase, and deletion of cytochrome b5 yielded a minimal amount of product (heme could not substitute for cytochrome b5), demonstrating an absolute requirement for these components. PMID- 3918995 TI - Bacillus subtilis sigma 28 and Escherichia coli sigma 32 (htpR) are minor sigma factors that display an overlapping promoter specificity. AB - Bacillus subtilis sigma 28-specific promoters (P28) are utilized by a minor form of B. subtilis RNA polymerase (sigma 28RNA polymerase) and not by the predominant RNA polymerases of B. subtilis (sigma 43 RNA polymerase) or Escherichia coli (sigma 70 RNA polymerase). However B. subtilis P28 are effective promoters in E. coli. This transcription depends on the E. coli htpR+ gene. Similarly, the E. coli rpoD heat shock promoter which is under control of htpR is used in vitro by B. subtilis sigma 28 RNA polymerase. These observations are explained by the fact that E. coli htpR is a minor sigma factor (sigma 32) which shares an overlapping promoter specificity with B. subtilis sigma 28 RNA polymerase. Hence control of bacterial regulons by minor sigma factors is not restricted to Bacilli, or bacteria that carry out a complex differentiation process, but is probably a general, regulatory mechanism in prokaryotes. Transcription from B. subtilis P28 in E. coli does not depend on a heat shock. This suggests that the sequences that control E. coli sigma 32 action are separate from those that control the heat shock regulon. Hence the action of polymerases controlled by minor sigma factors in both B. subtilis and E. coli appears to be controlled by a separate set of regulatory factors. PMID- 3918997 TI - Cytotoxicity of benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide is associated with premature arrest of nascent strand elongation in serum-stimulated monkey kidney cells. AB - The relationship between the density of adducts on the DNA of monkey kidney cells caused by benzo[a] pyrene diol epoxide (BaP-DE) and the amount of cytotoxicity and DNA synthesis inhibition was examined. Above 1.7 microM, BaP-DE was maximally cytotoxic; whereas, at concentrations below 0.8 microM, colony-forming efficiency was the same as controls even though DNA adducts and DNA synthesis inhibition could be seen at these lower concentrations. Adduct analysis showed a linear relationship between DNA binding and applied BaP-DE concentration with no evidence of parental strand nicking over the concentrations at which adducts were measured. Analysis of nascent DNA synthesis following BaP-DE treatment showed that premature arrest of strand elongation and inhibition of DNA segment maturation were both factors contributing to the decreased level of DNA synthesis caused by BaP-DE. Above 1.7 mM, BaP-DE arrested strand elongation at subreplicon sizes which correlated with the average interadduct distances estimated from DNA binding studies. Lower, nontoxic concentrations permitted the completion of replicons, but inhibited the maturation of these nascent segments. Flow cytometric analysis of the cell cycle distributions of cells after BaP-DE treatment at concentrations which inhibited proper maturation of newly synthesized DNA showed that cells did progress through the G2 phase of the cell cycle and did divide with fragmented newly synthesized DNA. The results of these studies suggest that growth-dependent toxicity is not simply proportional to template adduct level but rather that major toxicity results when adduct levels exceed one/strand/replicon due to the inability of the replication apparatus to complete genome segments containing multiple adducts with replicons. PMID- 3918996 TI - Measurement of ionized calcium in blood platelets with the photoprotein aequorin. Comparison with Quin 2. AB - The Ca2+-sensitive photoprotein aequorin (Mr = 20,000) was introduced into human blood platelets by incubation with 10 mM EGTA and 5 mM ATP. Platelet cytoplasmic and granule contents were retained during the loading procedure, and platelet morphology, aggregation, and secretion in response to agonists were normal after aequorin loading. Luminescence indicated an apparent resting cytoplasmic ionized calcium concentration [( Cai2+]) of 2-4 microM in media containing 1 mM Ca2+ and of 0.8-2 microM in 2-4 mM EGTA. The Ca2+ ionophore A23187 and the enzyme thrombin produced dose-related luminescent signals in both Ca2+-containing and EGTA containing media. Peak [Cai2+] after A23187 or thrombin stimulation of aequorin loaded platelets was 2-10 microM, while peak [Cai2+] determined using Quin 2 as the [Cai2+] indicator was at least 1 log unit lower. In platelets loaded with both aequorin and Quin 2, the aequorin signal was delayed but not reduced in amplitude. Aequorin loading of Quin 2-loaded cells had no effect on the Quin 2 signal. Ca2+ buffering by Quin 2 (intracellular concentration greater than 1 mM) is also supported by a reciprocal relationship between [Quin 2] and peak [Cai2+] stimulated by A23187 in the presence of EGTA. Parallel experiments with Quin 2 and aequorin may identify inhomogeneous [Cai2+] in platelets and give a more complete picture of platelet Ca2+ homeostasis than either indicator alone. PMID- 3918998 TI - Acyl chain and headgroup specificity of human plasma lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase. Separation of matrix and molecular specificities. AB - To determine how substrate fluidity and molecular structure independently regulate cholesteryl ester formation, the substrate specificity of lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase with respect to a number of model reassembled high density lipoproteins (R-HDLs) is reported. The R-HDLs are composed of 1 mol % apolipoprotein A-I, 89 mol % of sphingomyelin or a nonhydrolyzable diether analog of phosphatidylcholine (PC) plus 10 mol % of test lipids that are potential acyl donors; a trace of [3H]cholesterol, which permits quantification of cholesteryl ester formation is also included. With respect to the lipid class of the acyl donor, the rate of ester formation decreases in the order phosphatidylethanolamine greater than phosphatidylcholine greater than N,N, dimethylphosphatidylethanolamine greater than phosphatidylglycerol - phosphatidic acid greater than phosphatidylserine greater than dipalmitin greater than tripalmitin. Within an R-HDL composed of 90% PC ether or sphingomyelin, the relative rates of ester formation are greatest for dipalmitoyl and dimyristoyl PC, with distearoyl PC being almost unreactive; in a solid lipid environment, the rate with respect to unsaturation of the PC is greatest for oleate. In a fluid lipid environment, all unsaturated PCs were utilized nearly equally. All lipids tested were most reactive within an R-HDL composed of an unsaturated PC ether and least reactive within an R-HDL composed mostly of sphingomyelin. These results suggest that the rates of ester formation by lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase are separate functions of the identity and the microscopic environment of the acyl donor. This is the first example of the use of diether analogs for the separation of the effects of macromolecular and molecular structure on the specificity of lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase. PMID- 3918999 TI - Activation of lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase by human apolipoprotein A-IV. AB - Human plasma apoproteins (apo) A-I and A-IV both activate the enzyme lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.43). Lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase activity was measured by the conversion of [4-14C] cholesterol to [4-14C]cholesteryl ester using artificial phospholipid/cholesterol/[4 14C]cholesterol/apoprotein substrates. The substrate was prepared by the addition of apoprotein to a sonicated aqueous dispersion of phospholipid/cholesterol/[4 14C]cholesterol. The activation of lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase by apo-A I and -A-IV differed, depending upon the nature of the hydrocarbon chains of the sn-L-alpha-phosphatidylcholine acyl donor. Apo-A-I was a more potent activator than apo-A-IV with egg yolk lecithin, L-alpha-dioleoylphosphatidylcholine, and L alpha-phosphatidylcholine substituted with one saturated and one unsaturated fatty acid regardless of the substitution position. When L-alpha phosphatidylcholine esterified with two saturated fatty acids was used as acyl donor, apo-A-IV was more active than apo-A-I in stimulating the lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase reaction. Complexes of phosphatidylcholines substituted with two saturated fatty acids served as substrate for lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase even in the absence of any activator protein. Essentially the same results were obtained when substrate complexes (phospholipid-cholesterol-[4-14C]cholesterol-apoprotein) were prepared by a detergent dialysis procedure. Apo-A-IV-L-alpha-dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine complexes thus prepared were shown to be homogeneous particles by column chromatography and density gradient ultracentrifugation. It is concluded that apo A-IV is able to facilitate the lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase reaction in vitro. PMID- 3919000 TI - The fate of glucosylceramide (glucocerebroside) in genetically impaired (lysosomal beta-glucosidase deficient) Gaucher disease diploid human fibroblasts. AB - Diploid human infant skin fibroblasts cultured from normal infants and Gaucher disease infants, with genetically defective lysosomal glucosylceramide:beta glucohydrolase activity, had a full range of homologous glycosphingolipids from the simplest (glucosylceramide) to higher neutral derivatives (lactosyl-, trihexosyl- and tetrahexosylceramide) and anionic sialo derivatives (gangliosides) (sialosyllactosyl-, disialosyllactosyl-, sialosylgangliotriaosyl-, and mono- and disialosylgangliotetraosylceramide). Although excessive storage of glucosylceramide in histiocytes is pathognomonic for Gaucher disease, we found that Gaucher disease fibroblasts contained 1.23 +/- 0.08 nmol of glucosylceramide/mg cell protein; normal infant cells, 1.11 +/- 0.48. When we aged infantile Gaucher disease fibroblasts for 20 days beyond their confluency state, we found no increased accumulation of glucosylceramide, but a 1.5-2-fold increase in trihexosylceramide, sialosylgangliotetraosylceramide, and disialosyllactosylceramide. Gaucher disease fibroblasts took up and could not degrade but, instead, effectively converted pulse-chase 3-O-[3H]glucosylceramide supplied in the growth medium in liposomes into higher glycosphingolipids, especially the plasma membrane ganglioside, sialosyllactosylceramide. When grown with extracellular particulate [3H]glucosylceramide, infantile Gaucher fibroblasts localized it and higher labeled homologues in the plasma membrane; glucosylceramide did not accumulate in the lysosomes. These findings indicate that fibroblasts that are genetically deficient in lysosomal glucosylceramide:beta-glucosidase avoid pathological lysosomal accumulation by relegating undegradable glucosylceramide to an anabolic compartment where glucosylceramide is converted into more highly glycosylated glycosphingolipids. PMID- 3919001 TI - Primary structure of the reactive site of human C1-inhibitor. AB - Human C1-inhibitor (C1-Inh) forms an equimolar complex with complement proteinase C1s that is resistant to dissociation by sodium dodecyl sulfate. The formation of this stable complex results in the cleavage of a peptide bond near the carboxyl terminus of the inhibitor and, whereas the bulk of C1-Inh remains covalently bound to the light chain of C1s, the postcomplex inhibitor peptide can be isolated under denaturing conditions. We have sequenced the amino-terminal region of this peptide and deduced that it represents the carboxyl-terminal side of the reactive site of C1-Inh. Limited proteolysis of C1-Inh by Crotalus atrox protease results in an active derivative lacking an amino-terminal peptide of 36 residues. Further proteolysis of this derivative with Pseudomonas aeruginosa elastase inactivates the inhibitor and a peptide is released. The amino-terminal sequence of this peptide overlaps with that of the postcomplex peptide and indicates that the residue imparting primary specificity to the inhibitor is arginine. PMID- 3919002 TI - Asparagine-linked oligosaccharides on formyl peptide chemotactic receptors of human phagocytic cells. AB - Formyl peptide chemotactic receptors affinity-labeled with N-formyl-Nle-Leu-Phe Nle-[125I]iodo-Tyr-Lys (where Nle represents norleucine) and ethylene glycol bis(succinimidyl succinate) consist of two isoelectric forms with cell type differences in both apparent size and charge (neutrophils: 55-70 kDa, pI 5.8, and 6.2.; monocytes: 60-75 kDa, pI 5.6 and 6.0; differentiated HL-60 cells: 62-85 kDa, pI 5.6 and 6.0). Endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase F (endo F) cleavage of N linked oligosaccharides from formyl peptide receptor generates 40-50- and 33-kDa products that can be affinity-labeled. Whereas both pI forms of this receptor from neutrophils are cleaved by endo F to 33-kDa final products, this cleavage does not eliminate pI differences. Tunicamycin decreases expression of formyl peptide receptor on differentiating HL-60 and causes a dose-dependent decrease in size of the major product seen after affinity labeling (0.5 micrograms/ml: 38-48 kDa; 2 micrograms/ml: 32 kDa). Thus, the formyl peptide receptor polypeptide backbone from all three cell types contains at least two N-linked oligosaccharide side chains which contribute to the cell type differences in Mr and are not required for ligand binding. Papain treatment of intact cells generates a membrane-bound formyl peptide receptor fragment that can be affinity-labeled and is of similar size (29-31 kDa) in all three cell types. Endo F treatment of the affinity-labeled papain fragment of formyl peptide receptor does not alter its size, suggesting that this fragment does not contain the N-linked oligosaccharide cleaved by endo F from intact receptor. The results indicate that at least two N linked oligosaccharide chains are located on the distal 1-3-kDa portion of the receptor polypeptide backbone. PMID- 3919003 TI - Sulfonylurea potentiates insulin-induced recruitment of glucose transport carrier in rat adipocytes. AB - Sulfonylureas potentiate the insulin-induced stimulation of glucose transport in adipocytes. In order to elucidate the molecular mechanism of this potentiation, effects of a long-term (48-h) incubation with glyburide (2 micrograms/ml) on the relative sizes of the plasma membrane, the microsome, and the total membrane pools of the glucose-sensitive cytochalasin B binding were studied for basal and insulin-stimulated adipocytes. The drug treatment potentiated an insulin-induced stimulation of 3-O-methyl-D-glucose flux by 31 to 45%, with little effect on the basal flux. The same drug treatment increased the plasma membrane pool size of the glucose-sensitive cytochalasin B binding in the insulin-stimulated adipocytes with a concomitant decrease in the microsomal pool size. This effect was minimal, if any, in basal adipocytes. The drug treatment did not affect the total glucose sensitive, cytochalasin B binding capacity of adipocyte membranes. These results indicate that the drug treatment increases the insulin-induced recruitment of the glucose carrier from the microsome to the plasma membrane by 27-31%. It is concluded that potentiation of the insulin-induced stimulation of the hexose transport by sulfonylureas is mainly due to a potentiation of the insulin-induced recruitment of the glucose carrier. PMID- 3919004 TI - Analysis of the structure of the human T cell surface antigen T8 by limited proteolysis and chemical cleavage. AB - The structure of the human T lymphocyte surface antigen T8 (Leu 2) has been explored utilizing limited proteolysis on viable cells and cellular lysates. The positions of the cleavage sites of trypsin and papain were placed relative to the single CNBr cleavage point. Additional data allowed the location of the amino and carboxyl termini relative to the enzymatic and chemical cleavage sites. This information, together with earlier evidence concerning the position of a membrane binding site, allowed the construction of a model illustrating the vectorial orientation of the molecule on the cell. Within this model, the approximate positions of disulfide linkages were indicated based on the results of nonreduced/reduced two-dimensional sodium sulfide-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Carbohydrate moieties were localized using cleavage with trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, a reagent which cleaves both N-linked and O-linked oligosaccharides. Finally, the implications of the proteolysis experiments in relation to the function of T8 were discussed. PMID- 3919005 TI - Use of 6-fluoroderivatives of pyridoxal and pyridoxal phosphate in the study of the coenzyme function in glycogen phosphorylase. AB - 6-Fluoropyridoxal phosphate (6-FPLP) has been synthesized. Its properties were studied, and it was used, along with 6-fluoropyridoxal (6-FPAL), to reconstitute apophosphorylase b. Kinetic studies of the resulting enzymes showed that phosphorylases reconstituted with 6-FPLP and 6-FPAL have characteristics similar to those of native and pyridoxal enzymes, respectively, except that the former two enzymes have lower Vmax values. 19F NMR and UV spectra of 6-FPLP phosphorylase showed that the coenzyme forms a neutral enolimine Schiff base. Because the UV and fluorescence spectra of 6-FPLP phosphorylase are comparable to those obtained with native phosphorylase, it further confirms the postulate that pyridoxal phosphate forms a neutral enolimine Schiff base in phosphorylase. The results suggest that the 3-OH group is protonated and the pyridine nitrogen unprotonated in both 6-FPLP phosphorylase and native enzyme. 19F NMR study of 6 FPLP- and 6-FPAL-reconstituted phosphorylases in the inactive and active states indicates that the protein structure near the coenzyme binding site undergoes certain changes when these enzymes are activated by the substrates and AMP. The comparison of the properties of 6-FPLP-reconstituted and native phosphorylases implies that the ring nitrogen of the coenzyme PLP in phosphorylase may interact with the protein during catalysis, and this interaction is important for efficient catalysis by phosphorylase. PMID- 3919006 TI - Cytosolic Ca2+ homeostasis in Ehrlich and Yoshida carcinomas. A new, membrane permeant chelator of heavy metals reveals that these ascites tumor cell lines have normal cytosolic free Ca2+. AB - The intracellularly trappable fluorescent Ca2+ indicator quin-2 was used to measure free cytosolic Ca2+, [Ca2+]i, in the two highly dedifferentiated tumor cell lines, Ehrlich and Yoshida ascites carcinomas. It was found that these carcinoma cells can trap quin-2 similarly to normal cells, but [Ca2+]i was apparently significantly lower than in any normal cell tested previously with this method. By using a new lipid-soluble heavy metal chelator TPEN (N,N,N',N' tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine), which crosses artificial and natural membranes, it was found that endogenous heavy metals are responsible for partially quenching quin-2 fluorescence trapped inside the cells. Although the quenching of intracellular quin-2 fluorescence is quantitatively more relevant in these ascites carcinomas, TPEN was effective also in normal cells like lymphocytes and granulocytes. Both in the normal and especially in the malignant cell lines [Ca2+]i can be grossly underestimated at low intracellular quin-2 concentrations. Endogenous heavy metal quenching is thus a potential source of artifact when [Ca2+]i is measured with quin-2. When corrected for quin-2 fluorescence quenching by intracellular heavy metals, [Ca2+]i and basic regulatory mechanisms of [Ca2+]i homeostasis in Ehrlich and Yoshida carcinomas are similar to those of nontransformed cells. PMID- 3919007 TI - The influence of dolichol, dolichol esters, and dolichyl phosphate on phospholipid polymorphism and fluidity in model membranes. AB - The effect of dolichols, polyprenols, dolichol esterified with fatty acids, and dolichyl phosphate on the structure and fluidity of model membranes was studied using 31P NMR, small-angle x-ray scattering, differential scanning calorimetry, and freeze-fracture electron microscopy. These studies suggest that dolichol and dolichol derivatives destabilize unsaturated phosphatidylethanolamine containing bilayer structures and promote hexagonal II phase formation; high concentrations of dolichol induce lipid structures characterized by "isotropic" 31P NMR and particulate fracture faces; dolichol, contrary to cholesterol, has no effect on the thermotropic behavior of membranes consisting of phosphatidylcholine, while dolichyl-P incorporation abolishes the transition from the gel to liquid crystalline phase in 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine; both dolichol and dolichyl-P increase the fatty acid fluidity in phosphatidylethanolamine mixtures; the effect of dolichol on bilayer structure and fluidity is more pronounced with increasing number of isoprene residues; dolichol esters are only soluble to a limited extent in the bilayer and segregates into domains at low concentrations; the results are consistent with a localization of dolichyl-P in which the phosphate group is oriented to the water interphase. The induction of hexagonal II phase by dolichyl-P may elicit the transmembrane movement of glycosylated lipid intermediate. PMID- 3919008 TI - Kinetics of lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase reaction with discoidal complexes of apolipoprotein A-I.phosphatidylcholine.ether phospholipid.cholesterol. AB - Discoidal substrates for purified human lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase were prepared with human apolipoprotein A-I, cholesterol, and egg phosphatidylcholine (PC) or dipalmitoyl PC, including dihexadecyl PC in various proportions as an enzymatically inert dilutor of the interfacial PC substrate. All the complexes, prepared by the sodium cholate dialysis method, were found to be very similar in size, lipid/apolipoprotein stoichiometry, and apolipoprotein spectral properties to the small discoidal complexes without any dihexadecyl PC, described previously (Jonas, A., and Matz, C.E. (1982) Biochemistry 21, 6867-6872; Jonas, A., and McHugh, H. T. (1984) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 794, 361-372). The kinetic results presented in the form of double reciprocal plots of initial velocity against bulk PC or interfacial PC concentration were linear according to the Verger et al. kinetic model (Verger, R., Mieras, M. C. E., and de Haas, G. H. (1973) J. Biol. Chem. 248, 4023-4034) for an initial enzyme binding via an interfacial recognition site followed by interfacial substrate binding and catalysis, in the presence of a competitive interfacial inhibitor. The results indicate, furthermore, that the affinity of the active site for the substrate and inhibitor is quite similar. PMID- 3919009 TI - Pyruvoyl-dependent histidine decarboxylases. Mechanism of cleavage of the proenzyme from Lactobacillus buchneri. AB - When Lactobacillus buchneri was grown in the presence of [hydroxyl-18O]serine and pyridoxamine, no 18O was found in its histidine decarboxylase (HisDCase). However, when pyridoxamine was omitted from the growth medium, the labeled serine was incorporated into the HisDCase without dilution. Internal serine residues of the enzyme contained 18O only in their hydroxyl group, while the COOH-terminal serine of the beta chain of HisDCase contained equal amounts of 18O in both its hydroxyl and carboxyl group. This enzyme, like the HisDCase from Lactobacillus 30a (Recsei, P. A., Huynh, Q. K., and Snell, E. E. (1983) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 80, 973-977), therefore, arises by nonhydrolytic serinolysis of its proenzyme. This result, together with comparative sequence data (Huynh, Q. K., and Snell, E. E. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 2798-2803), makes it highly probable that all of the pyruvoyl-dependent HisDCases arise by a similar mechanism from inactive proenzymes. PMID- 3919010 TI - Measurement of distance between the active serine of the thioesterase domain and the pantetheine thiol of fatty acid synthase by fluorescence resonance energy transfer. AB - Fatty acid synthase from the uropygial gland was inactivated by treatment with pyrenebutyl methanephosphonofluoridate by specific modification of the "active serine" at the thioesterase domain. Treatment of fatty acid synthase with 3-(4 maleimidylphenyl)-7-diethylamino-4-methylcoumarin resulted in the loss of the condensation activity and overall synthase activity. Acetyl-CoA and malenyl-CoA protected the enzyme from inactivation by this reagent suggesting that the pantetheine thiol was modified. In support of this conclusion was the finding that modification of the primer-binding thiol with iodoacetamide prior to the modification with the coumarin derivative resulted in no change in the binding of the coumarin to the enzyme. Furthermore, the presumptive active site peptide isolated after proteolysis released its attached coumarin upon treatment with alkali under beta-elimination reaction conditions. Graphical analysis of the binding data suggested that binding of one coumarin derivative/subunit of the synthase would result in complete loss of the synthase activity. When the synthase was modified with the coumarin and pyrene derivatives, fluorescence resonance energy transfer occurred from the pyrene at the thioesterase site to the coumarin attached to the pantetheine thiol. Dissociation of the enzyme to monomers did not decrease the efficiency of transfer, but limited trypsin treatment, which released the thioesterase domain, abolished the fluorescence resonance energy transfer. These results suggested that the energy transfer occurred between intrasubunit sites. The distance between the pyrene at the thioesterase active site and the coumarin attached to pantetheine thiol on the same subunit of fatty acid synthase was estimated from the efficiency of energy transfer to be 37 A. PMID- 3919011 TI - Discrimination of Na+-independent transport systems L, T, and asc in erythrocytes. Na+ independence of the latter a consequence of cell maturation? AB - On the basis of inhibition analysis two bicyclic amino acid analogs appear to enter human red blood cells by much the same Na+-independent mediation, whereas striking differences are apparent in the routes for tryptophan and leucine, confirming a role for System T, but also suggesting the participation of a third system of low affinity somewhat selective for weakly basic amino acids. System T of the human cell is specifically inhibited by 4-azidophenylalanine, and is highly sensitive, relative to System L, to N-ethylmaleimide inhibition. Uptake by System T approaches its steady state much more slowly than does System L, and its participation in trans-stimulation is questionable, whereas that of System L is as usual strong. A different added transport system became apparent in the slow approach of the Na+-independent mediation of uptake of 3- and 4-carbon dipolar amino acids by the nucleated pigeon red cell to its steady state. In that cell System T makes at most a minor contribution. The patterns of trans-stimulation of fluxes among selected pairs of amino acids in the pigeon cell correspond to a usual participation in transmembrane exchange by System L, and also by the new transport system. An important but not the sole source of the heterogeneity in the pigeon cell is the participation of the system conspicuously involved in the transport of alanine, serine, and threonine, among other amino acids. This route of transport of these amino acids is made conspicuous by their small transport by other Na+-independent agencies, notably System L. Reactivity with this system is enhanced by a side change hydroxyl or sulfhydryl group. Uptake by this route as tested by threonine showed little inhibition by cysteinesulfinate under conditions inhibitory to System asc; also a sensitivity to lowering of pH unlike that seen with System asc. The new Na+-dependent transport system appears to be a species variant of quite similar Na+-independent systems discovered by Young et al. (Young, J. D., Ellory, J. C., and Tucker, E. M. (1975) Nature (Lond.) 254, 156-157; Fincham, D. A., Mason, D. K., and Young, J. D. (1982) Biochem. Soc. Trans. 11, 776-777) in sheep and horse erythrocytes on the basis of their absence in phenotypes. These authors have emphasized several similarities in these two cases to Na+-dependent System asc, and they propose that Na+ dependence has specifically been lost on maturation of the red cells without major changes in amino acid selectivity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3919012 TI - The utilization of ethanolamine and serine for ethanolamine phosphoglyceride synthesis by human Y79 retinoblastoma cells. AB - Phospholipid synthesis was investigated in human Y79 retinoblastoma cells, a cultured cell line of retinal origin that retains many neural characteristics. Ethanolamine is taken up by Y79 cells through a high-affinity transport system and is utilized to synthesize ethanolamine and choline phosphoglycerides. High affinity ethanolamine uptake has a K'm of 40.6 microM and a V'max of 1.06 nmol/min/mg protein, and the process is Na+ dependent. Choline is the only compound tested that reduced ethanolamine uptake, and very high choline concentrations were required to produce this effect. The cells incorporate ethanolamine into phosphatidylethanolamine and ethanolamine plasmalogen at equivalent rates, and the rates of catabolism of these phospholipids are similar. Only a small quantity of ethanolamine is incorporated into phosphatidylcholine, but the amount is not reduced by the addition of choline. Serine is incorporated into phosphatidylserine, which then is converted to phosphatidylethanolamine. Ethanolamine reduces but does not abolish this conversion. Unlike ethanolamine, only a small amount of serine is incorporated into ethanolamine plasmalogen. It is possible that the ethanolamine high-affinity uptake system is necessary to provide a neural cell with enough free ethanolamine for ethanolamine plasmalogen synthesis. PMID- 3919013 TI - The enzymatic conversion of dihydroneopterin triphosphate to tripolyphosphate and 6-pyruvoyl-tetrahydropterin, an intermediate in the biosynthesis of other pterins in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - The enzyme, previously called "sepiapterin synthase A," has been purified by approximately 700-fold from the heads of Drosophila melanogaster. This enzyme catalyzes the Mg2+-dependent conversion of 2-amino-4-oxo-6-(D-erythro-1',2',3' trihydroxypropyl)-7,8-dihydrop teridine triphosphate (dihydroneopterin triphosphate or H2-NTP) to two products, one of which we have identified as tripolyphosphate. The other product is a phosphate-free, unstable compound which is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of several other naturally occurring pterins in Drosophila. This product is stable enough under anaerobic conditions to allow it to be characterized as 6-pyruvoyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin (6 pyruvoyl-H4-pterin). The 3-carbon side chain was identified as a pyruvoyl group on the basis of the susceptibility of the enzymatic product to reduction with tritiated sodium borohydride and the determination of the amounts and the sites of incorporation of tritium resulting from this reduction. From these observations, we suggest that this enzyme be renamed "6-pyruvoyl-H4-pterin synthase." PMID- 3919014 TI - Structure and assembly of the endoplasmic reticulum. The synthesis of three major endoplasmic reticulum proteins during lipopolysaccharide-induced differentiation of murine lymphocytes. AB - Monospecific rabbit antibodies have been prepared against ERp72, ERp99, and ERp60, major protein components of a detergent-solubilized extract of endoplasmic reticulum purified from mineral oil-induced plasmacytoma 315 tissue. When subcellular fractions of mineral oil-induced plasmacytoma 315 tissue were assayed by an immunoprecipitation procedure, all three endoplasmic reticulum proteins (ERps) were found to be enriched in the rough endoplasmic reticulum. In murine lymphoid cells, the three ERps represent two major structural classes of protein. Both ERp72 and ERp60 contain no endoglycosidase H-sensitive, N-linked oligosaccharides. On the other hand, ERp99 is glycoprotein containing, in all likelihood, one endoglycosidase H-sensitive oligosaccharide. Immunologically cross-reacting proteins of similar molecular weight have also been detected in other eukaryotic cell lines. The anti-ERp antibodies were used to quantitate the synthesis and accumulation of the three ERps in splenic lymphocytes cultured in the presence and absence of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (Escherichia coli serotype B5:055) (LPS). In the presence of LPS, lymphocytes differentiate from resting cells into actively secreting cells. The synthesis of ERp72 and ERp99 increased 3- and 10-fold, respectively, in response to LPS. The synthesis of ERp60 does not change significantly. The turnover rates for these three proteins are similar in both control and LPS-treated lymphocytes. As a result, membranes isolated from LPS-treated cells are enriched in ERp72 and ERp99. PMID- 3919015 TI - Phorbol ester, calcium ionophore, or serum added to quiescent rat embryo fibroblast cells all result in the elevated phosphorylation of two 28,000-dalton mammalian stress proteins. AB - Rat embryo fibroblast cells grown under stress (e.g. heat shock, arsenite, or amino acid analogue treatment) show elevated levels of a number of proteins with apparent molecular masses between 28,000-110,000 daltons (i.e. stress proteins). It is shown that the smaller 28,000-dalton stress proteins, which do not contain methionine, are comprised of at least four isoforms, all of which appear related as determined by one-dimensional peptide mapping. [32P]H3PO4 labeling of normal and stressed cells demonstrates that three of the four 28-kDa isoforms are phosphoproteins. In the course of other studies phosphorylation of two 28,000 dalton proteins was observed in quiescent rat embryo fibroblasts following the addition of either the phorbol diester, phorbol-12-myristate-13 acetate, a calcium ionophore, A23187, or simply fresh serum. It is shown here that these two 28,000-dalton proteins are in fact two of the 28 kDa mammalian stress proteins. PMID- 3919016 TI - Euglena gracilis chloroplast elongation factor Tu. Purification and initial characterization. AB - The chloroplast protein synthesis elongation factor Tu (EF-Tuchl) has been purified to near homogeneity from Euglena gracilis. Chromatography of the postribosomal supernatant of light-induced Euglena on DEAE-Sephadex reveals two forms of EF-Tuchl. Further purification has shown that one species consists of a complex between EF-Tuchl and a factor that stimulates its activity. The other species consists of free EF-TUchl. The factor has been purified from both chromatographic forms by taking advantage of the molecular weight shift that occurs upon disruption of the complex between EF-Tuchl and the stimulatory factor. EF-Tuchl consists of a single polypeptide chain with a molecular weight of about 50,000. EF-Tuchl is as active on Escherichia coli ribosomes as it is on its homologous ribosomes but displays no detectable activity on eukaryotic cytoplasmic ribosomes. It is stimulated in polymerization by E. coli EF-Ts and will form a complex with the prokaryotic factor that can be isolated by gel filtration chromatography. Like E. coli EF-Tu, it is sensitive to modification by N-ethylmaleimide and is inhibited by the antibiotic kirromycin. Thus, the chloroplast factor has many features that reflect the close relationship between prokaryotic and chloroplast translational systems. PMID- 3919017 TI - Fusion of low density lipoproteins with cholesterol ester-phospholipid microemulsions. Prevention of particle fusion by apolipoprotein A-I. AB - Little is known about the mechanism and control of lipoprotein particle fusion, although apoproteins are presumed to be important in maintenance of particle structure. This study characterizes the interaction of apo-B-containing low density lipoproteins (LDL) with cholesterol ester microemulsions (CEME) in the presence and absence of apo-A-I to determine if a role for these apoproteins in particle integrity could be ascertained. CEME are an apoprotein-free analog of LDL formed by sonication of radiolabeled phospholipid (surface) and cholesterol ester (core). Incubation of CEME with LDL followed by precipitation of LDL with MnCl2 resulted in coprecipitation of CEME with LDL that was time-, temperature-, and concentration-, but not pH (pH 6-9)-, dependent and occurred over a wide range of CEME and LDL particle compositions. Particles from the incubation were larger than the unincubated particles and intermediate in density and electrophoretic mobility between the starting LDL and CEME. Differential scanning calorimetry experiments suggested that CEME surface and core lipids had mixed with those of LDL. When particles from incubations were exposed to an anti-apo-B column, radiolabeled surface and core molecules originating from the CEME particles bound to the column. Particles eluted at low pH from the anti-apo-B column were irregularly shaped and had excess surface material as judged by electron microscopy. Incubation of CEME with LDL in the presence of 3 M KBr or 4% bovine serum albumin did not alter the interaction of the particles. However, incubation of CEME with LDL in the presence of apo-A-I (2:1 CEME cholesterol-to apo-A-I mass ratio) greatly reduced the interaction of the LDL and CEME particles. We conclude that the incubation of CEME with isolated LDL resulted in particle fusion that was prevented by apo-A-I. PMID- 3919018 TI - Monoclonal antibodies prepared against the major Drosophila nuclear Matrix-pore complex-lamina glycoprotein bind specifically to the nuclear envelope in situ. AB - A high molecular weight glycoprotein found associated with a nuclear matrix-pore complex-lamina (NMPCL) preparation obtained from Drosophila melanogaster embryos has been shown by in vitro analyses to be largely confined to this subcellular fraction. In contrast with several of the NMPCL proteins, this glycoprotein remains completely insoluble after treatment with 5 M urea. It has, therefore, been possible to separate the glycoprotein from other NMPCL components by differential urea extraction. The glycoprotein in the 5 M urea-extracted pellet has been solubilized by boiling in sodium dodecyl sulfate and purified to near homogeneity by sequential steps of chromatography on hydroxylapatite and Sephacryl S-300 (both run in the presence of 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate), followed by affinity chromatography on lentil lectin-Sepharose. Over 30 hybridoma cell lines producing antibodies against this glycoprotein have been obtained. Monoclonality has been established for two of these lines (designated AGP-26 and AGP-78), and the antibodies they secrete have been further characterized. Western blot analysis has shown both antibodies to be monospecific (with respect to other Drosophila embryo polypeptides) for the major NMPCL glycoprotein; in addition, antibody AGP-78 has been shown to be weakly cross-reactive with glycoproteins of similar or identical molecular weight found associated with isolated nuclear fractions obtained from Xenopus oocytes, as well as chicken, opossum, and rat livers. Finally, both antibodies AGP-26 and AGP-78 react exclusively with the Drosophila nuclear periphery (nuclear envelope) in situ as demonstrated by indirect immunofluorescence analysis of larval cryosections. Based on these results as well as upon those of biochemical studies reported previously (Berrios, M., Filson, A. J., Blobel, G, and Fisher, P. A. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 13384-13390), we conclude that the major Drosophila NMPCL glycoprotein is the specific homolog of the high molecular weight glycoprotein recently shown using immunoelectron microscopy to be a distinct component of the rat liver nuclear pore complex (Gerace, L., Ottaviano, Y., and Kondor-Koch, C. (1982) J. Cell Biol. 95, 826-837). PMID- 3919019 TI - Glucagon-stimulated phosphorylation of rat liver glycogen synthase in isolated hepatocytes. AB - Addition of glucagon (20 nM) to the isolated hepatocytes from 24-h starved male rats results in an inactivation of glycogen synthase. The A0.5 for glucose-6-P is increased 2-fold over the control but the S0.5 for UDP-glucose is not significantly affected. The glucagon-stimulated inactivation of glycogen synthase is also accompanied by a 60-120% increase in the phosphorylation of the synthase. Glycogen synthase labeled with 32P by incubation of the hepatocytes with [32P] PO4(3-) was recovered by immunoprecipitation and the resulting immunoprecipitate was subjected to tryptic digestion. Analysis of the 32P-labeled peptides reveals that the sites corresponding to those phosphorylated by cAMP-dependent protein kinase and glycogen synthase (casein) kinase-1 (Itarte, E., and Huang, K.-P. (1979) J. Biol. Chem. 254, 4052-4057) are rapidly phosphorylated in response to glucagon. These results demonstrate that glucagon not only triggers the activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase through an increase in the intracellular level of cAMP but also, by an unknown mechanism, activates a Ca2+- and cAMP-independent protein kinase. PMID- 3919020 TI - Differential effects of phorbol ester on phenylephrine and vasopressin-induced Ca2+ mobilization in isolated hepatocytes. AB - Receptor-mediated breakdown of PtdIns(4,5)P2 produces two cellular signals, Ins(1,4,5)P3, which can release intracellular Ca2+, and diacylglycerol, which activates a Ca2+- and phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C). This study assesses the significance of protein kinase C in relation to phenylephrine- and vasopressin-induced Ca2+ mobilization in hepatocytes. Phorbol ester (4 beta-phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate), which can directly activate protein kinase C, had no effect either on Ca2+ efflux from the cell (measured with arsenazo III) or on Ca2+ influx (measured with Quin-2), processes which are inhibited and stimulated, respectively, by both phenylephrine and vasopressin. No evidence of synergism between phorbol ester pretreatment of hepatocytes and the Ca2+ ionophore (ionomycin)-mediated effects on the increase of cytosolic free Ca2+ and phosphorylase activation could be obtained. These findings suggest that protein kinase C is not obligatorily involved in the regulation of hepatocyte Ca2+ fluxes. Pretreatment of hepatocytes with phorbol ester (PMA) or 1-oleoyl-2 acetylglycerol totally inhibited the effects of phenylephrine in elevating the cytosolic free Ca2+; half-maximal inhibitory effects occurred at PMA and 1-oleoyl 2-acetylglycerol concentrations of 1 ng/ml and 12 micrograms/ml, respectively. In contrast, pretreatment with PMA had a much smaller effect on Ca2+ mobilization induced by vasopressin. These observations suggest that protein kinase C may be involved in "down-regulation" of the alpha 1-receptor in hepatocytes and may thus exert a negative influence on the Ca2+-signalling pathway. PMID- 3919022 TI - Effect of C-reactive protein on platelet-activating factor-induced platelet aggregation and membrane stabilization. AB - C-reactive protein (CRP) is an acute phase reactant which humoral concentration rises drastically following tissue injury or inflammation. CRP of all species binds to phosphorylcholine residues. In the present studies CRP was found to inhibit platelet-activating factor-induced platelet aggregation, and to stabilize platelet membranes against the lytic effect of lysophosphatidylcholine. Inhibition of platelet aggregation by CRP is accompanied by an inhibition of arachidonic acid release from both phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylinositol. This suggests that phospholipases are inhibited. Hydrolysis of multilamellar dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine liposomes by purified phospholipase A2, was also inhibited by CRP. These results suggest that CRP can stabilize membranes from the detergent-like effects of lysolipids and from potentially toxic materials such as platelet-activating factor. By inhibition of phospholipases, production of inflammatory mediators would be blocked. CRP might thus act as an early protective recognition mechanism in acute inflammatory states. PMID- 3919021 TI - Bacillus subtilis dnaE encodes a protein homologous to DNA primase of Escherichia coli. AB - Bacillus subtilis dnaE encodes a protein essential for DNA replication and is tightly linked to rpoD, the gene for the major sigma factor of RNA polymerase. We have now determined the 1809-base pair sequence of the dnaE coding region, which precedes rpoD and is transcribed in the same counterclockwise direction on the chromosome. From the DNA sequence, we found that the dnaE protein comprised 603 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 68,428 daltons. This protein had significant and extensive regions of homology with Escherichia coli DNA primase, the polymerase that synthesizes short RNA primers during discontinuous DNA replication. Features of the coding and flanking regions that may modulate dnaE expression include a relatively weak ribosomal binding site (delta G' = -13.8 kcal), the use of uncommon codons in the reading frame, and no obvious promoter sequence for either dnaE or rpoD. Together, these results suggest that dnaE codes for B. subtilis DNA primase and, in light of the similarities to the organization of the E. coli sigma operon, that expression of dnaE may be coregulated with rpoD in B. subtilis. PMID- 3919023 TI - Adenosine and 5'-chloro-5'-deoxyadenosine inhibit the phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol and myosin light chain in calf aorta smooth muscle. AB - Smooth muscle from calf aorta is homogenized and centrifuged. The insoluble material is subjected to sucrose density gradient centrifugation. When the heaviest fraction so obtained is incubated with radioactive ATP, two components incorporate most of the acid-insoluble radioactivity. One is a phosphoprotein with a molecular weight of 21,000. It has been identified as myosin light chain by its molecular weight, isoelectric point, and precipitation by antibody to calf aorta myosin. Its phosphorylation is strongly inhibited by EGTA, in agreement with published reports that myosin light chain kinase of smooth muscle is Ca2+ dependent. The other product is of low molecular weight, is extracted into acidic chloroform-methanol, and has been identified as phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate. Adenosine and 5'-chloro-5'-deoxyadenosine, which are vasodilators, inhibit the phosphorylation of both substrates. Phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol is inhibited at lower concentrations of the nucleosides than is the phosphorylation of myosin light chain. The inhibitory effects of the two nucleosides are not associated with changes in the concentration of cyclic AMP. The precise function of phosphatidylinositol phosphorylation in smooth muscle is not known, but correlations between smooth muscle contraction and increased turnover of phosphatidylinositol and its mono- and diphosphates have been reported. Myosin light chain is phosphorylated under conditions which favor smooth muscle contraction. We conclude that the inhibitory effects of adenosine described here are consistent with their physiological action as vasodilators. PMID- 3919024 TI - Reconstitution of resolved muscarinic cholinergic receptors with purified GTP binding proteins. AB - The association of agonists with muscarinic receptors in membranes from bovine brain was affected only slightly by guanine nucleotides. However, solubilization of these membranes with deoxycholate and subsequent removal of detergent resulted in a preparation of receptors with increased affinity for agonists and a large increase in response to guanine nucleotides. Chromatography of deoxycholate extracts of membranes on DEAE-Sephacel resulted in the separation of receptors from 95% of the guanine nucleotide-binding activity. Guanine nucleotides had no effect on the binding of agonists to these resolved receptors. The effect of guanine nucleotides was restored after the addition of either of two purified guanine nucleotide-binding proteins from bovine brain. One of these proteins, presumably brain GI, is composed of subunits with the same molecular weights (alpha, 41,000; beta, 35,000; gamma, 11,000) and functions as the inhibitory guanine nucleotide-binding protein isolated from liver. The other protein, termed Go, is a novel guanine nucleotide-binding protein that possesses a similar subunit composition (alpha, 39,000; beta, 35,000; gamma, 11,000) but whose function is not yet known. Addition of either protein to the resolved receptor preparation increased agonist affinity by at least 10-20-fold, and low concentrations of guanine nucleotides specifically reversed this effect. Reconstitution of receptors with the resolved subunits of Go demonstrates that the beta subunit alone had no effect on agonist binding, but that this subunit does appear to enhance the effects observed with the alpha subunit alone. PMID- 3919025 TI - Inhibition of the hydration of CO2 catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase III from cat muscle. AB - Using stopped flow methods, we have measured the steady state rate constants and the inhibition by N3- and I- of the hydration of CO2 catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase III from cat muscle. Also, using fluorescence quenching of the enzyme at 330 nm, we have measured the binding of the sulfonamide chlorzolamide to cat carbonic anhydrase III. Inhibition by the anions was uncompetitive at pH 6.0 and was mixed at higher values of pH. The inhibition constant of azide was independent of pH between 6.0 and 7.5 with a value of KIintercept = 2 X 10(-5) M; the binding constant of chlorzolamide to cat carbonic anhydrase III was also independent of pH in the range of 6.0 to 7.5 with a value Kdiss = 2 X 10(-6) M. Both of these values increased as pH increased above 8. There was a competition between chlorzolamide and the anions N-3 and OCN- for binding sites on cat carbonic anhydrase III. The pH profiles for the kinetic constants and the uncompetitive inhibition at pH 6.0 can be explained by an activity-controlling group in cat carbonic anhydrase III with a pKa less than 6. Moreover, the data suggest that like isozyme II, cat isozyme III is limited in rate by a step occurring outside the actual interconversion of CO2 and HCO3- and involving a change in bonding to hydrogen exchangeable with solvent water. PMID- 3919026 TI - A disulfide-bonded short chain collagen synthesized by degenerative and calcifying zones of bovine growth plate cartilage. AB - Studies of collagen synthesis by specific sections of individual fetal bovine costochondral junction growth plates were conducted and histologically related to the zones from which the sections were derived. Sections were metabolically labeled in organ culture to examine the synthesis of collagen and its precursors. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that Type II collagen was the major species synthesized in all tissue sections; 1 alpha, 2 alpha, 3 alpha collagen chains were synthesized in all growth plate sections and to a small extent in the fetal structural cartilage. A short chain collagen was synthesized predominantly in the zones of degeneration and provisional calcification and accounted for 8-12% of the radioactivity in this section. This short chain collagen has 63-kDa subunits which are converted to 46-kDa species by limited proteolysis with pepsin. Two-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis demonstrated that both the pepsin- and non pepsin-treated forms of short chain collagen are disulfide-bonded. Digestion with bacterial collagenase showed that the 46-kDa and a major portion of the 63-kDa forms are collagenous. Pulse-chase studies in organ culture did not demonstrate an obvious precursor to the 63-kDa form, and there was no conversion to the 46 kDa after 20 h. Synthesis of short chain collagen appears to be specific to the process of endochondral ossification in the growth plate; its appearance may be critical to this transition process. PMID- 3919027 TI - Establishment of the antiviral state in alpha, beta-interferon-resistant Friend cells treated with gamma-interferon. Induction of 67-kilodalton protein kinase activity in absence of detectable 2-5A synthetase. AB - Treatment with murine gamma-interferon (IFN) preparations of variant sublines of Friend leukemia cells resistant to the alpha, beta IFN-induced antiviral state (Affabris, E., Jemma, C., and Rossi, G.B. (1982) Virology 120, 441-452; Affabris, E., Romeo, G., Belardelli, F., Jemma, C., Mechti, N., Gresser, I., and Rossi, G. B. (1983) Virology 125, 508-512) results in the establishment of a bona fide antiviral state. In fact, gamma IFN preparations are able to induce a dose dependent reduction of endogenous virus release and of vesicular stomatitis or encephalomyocarditis viruses yields (up to 1.5 log). Under these experimental conditions, no inducible 2-5A synthetase activity is detectable in cell extracts. The 67-kDa protein kinase, uninducible by treatment with alpha, beta IFN (up to 13,000 units/ml), is instead induced upon treatment with gamma IFN at a similar rate of activity as in wild-type Friend leukemia cells, both when assayed in solution and after immobilization on poly(rI) X poly(rC)-agarose. PMID- 3919028 TI - Results of the administration of diphosphonate for the prevention of heterotopic ossification after total hip arthroplasty. AB - We evaluated the results in 177 patients with 200 total hip arthroplasties that had been performed for primary osteoarthritis. Severe postoperative heterotopic bone formation (grades III and IV according to the classification of Brooker et al.) was found in thirty-six hips (18 per cent). The incidence of heterotopic bone formation was found to be slightly higher in the patients who had received diphosphonate than in the control group of patients who had received either a placebo or no drug therapy. The postoperative range of motion of the hips as well as ratings for pain, walking, and function did not differ significantly between the treated and untreated groups. The results of this study were consistent with those of previously published reports that demonstrated that while diphosphonates did not prevent heterotopic bone formation in laboratory animals they did result in a delay of mineralization of osteoid. This delay did not, as was hoped, significantly improve the range of motion of the involved hips in our series. PMID- 3919029 TI - Comparison of indium-labeled-leukocyte imaging with sequential technetium-gallium scanning in the diagnosis of low-grade musculoskeletal sepsis. A prospective study. AB - We prospectively compared sequential technetium-gallium imaging with indium labeled-leukocyte imaging in fifty patients with suspected low-grade musculoskeletal sepsis. Adequate images and follow-up examinations were obtained for forty-two patients. The presence or absence of low-grade sepsis was confirmed by histological and bacteriological examinations of tissue specimens taken at surgery in thirty of the forty-two patients. In these thirty patients, the sensitivity of sequential Tc-Ga imaging was 48 per cent, the specificity was 86 per cent, and the accuracy was 57 per cent, whereas the sensitivity of the indium labeled-leukocyte technique was 83 per cent, the specificity was 86 per cent, and the accuracy was 83 per cent. When the additional twelve patients for whom surgery was deemed unnecessary were considered, the sensitivity of sequential Tc Ga imaging was 50 per cent, the specificity was 78 per cent, and the accuracy was 62 per cent, as compared with a sensitivity of 83 per cent, a specificity of 94 per cent, and an accuracy of 88 per cent with the indium-labeled-leukocyte method. In patients with a prosthesis the indium-labeled-leukocyte image was 94 per cent accurate, compared with 75 per cent accuracy for sequential Tc-Ga imaging. Statistical analysis of these data demonstrated that the indium-labeled leukocyte technique was superior to sequential Tc-Ga imaging in detecting areas of low-grade musculoskeletal sepsis. PMID- 3919030 TI - Rupture of the posterior tibial tendon in closed ankle fractures. Possible prognostic value of a medial bone flake: report of two cases. PMID- 3919031 TI - Suppression of natural killer activity in patients treated with cisplatin and methylprednisolone. AB - The achievable concentrations of 1-(4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl-3-(2 chloroethyl-3-nitrosourea (ACNU), adriamycin, mitomycin C, vindesine, and epipodophyllotoxin suppressed the natural killer (NK) activity of human peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro, whereas NK activity was not decreased 24 h after incubation with the maximum achievable concentration of cisplatin (cDDP). NK activity of patients treated with 80 mg per square meter of cDDP alone was not decreased for 3 weeks after cDDP administration. In contrast, NK activity of patients treated with the same dose of cDDP and methylprednisolone was significantly decreased 1 week after cDDP administration. It was concluded that methylprednisolone, used as an antiemetic agent, had an immunosuppressive effect. PMID- 3919032 TI - Isolation and partial characterization of human platelet vinculin. AB - A 130,000 Mr protein was isolated from human platelets by sequential DEAE Sephacel and Sepharose Cl-4B chromatography. Low shear viscometric measurements showed that the enriched protein after DEAE-Sephacel chromatography inhibited actin polymerization. This effect was somewhat greater in the presence of EGTA than in the presence of calcium. Further purification by Sepharose Cl-4B chromatography resulted in a complete loss of this inhibitory effect. Studies with fluorescent actin detected no nucleation or "+" end capping activity in either the DEAE-Sephacel- or Sepharose Cl-4B-purified vinculin. Antibodies raised in mice against the 130,000-mol-wt protein were shown to cross-react with chicken gizzard vinculin and a similar molecular weight protein was detected in WI38 cells and, Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. Lysis experiments with the Madin Darby canine kidney cells indicated that most of the vinculin was soluble in Triton X-100, although some was found associated with the insoluble cytoskeletal residue. By immunofluorescence, vinculin in WI38 cells was localized to adhesion plaques as described by others. Discrete localization in platelets was also detected and appeared to depend on their state of adhesion and spreading. The results of these experiments suggest that human platelets contain a protein similar to vinculin. It is not clear if platelet vinculin is associated with structures analogous to adhesion plaques found in other cell types. The data indicate that the previously reported effects of nonmuscle vinculins on actin polymerization may be due to a contaminant or contaminants. PMID- 3919033 TI - Genetics, evolution, and expression of the 68,000-mol-wt neurofilament protein: isolation of a cloned cDNA probe. AB - A 1.2-kilobase (kb) cDNA clone (NF68) encoding the mouse 68,000-mol-wt neurofilament protein is described. The clone was isolated from a mouse brain cDNA library by low-stringency cross-hybridization with a cDNA probe encoding mouse glial fibrillary acidic protein (Lewis et al., 1984, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA., 81:2743-2746). The identity of NF68 was established by hybrid selection using mouse brain polyA+ mRNA, and cell-free translation of the selected mRNA species. The cell-free translation product co-migrated with authentic 68,000-mol wt neurofilament protein on an SDS/polyacrylamide gel, and was immunoprecipitable with a monospecific rabbit anti-bovine neurofilament antiserum. In addition, DNA sequence analysis of NF68 showed 90% homology at the amino acid level compared with the sequence of the porcine 68,000-mol-wt neurofilament protein. At high stringency, NF68 detects a single genomic sequence encoding the mouse 68,000-mol wt neurofilament protein. Two mRNA species of 2.5 kb and 4.0 kb are transcribed from the single gene in mouse brain. The level of expression of these mRNAs remains almost constant in postnatal mouse brains of all ages and, indeed, in the adult. At reduced stringency, NF68 detects a number of mRNAs that are expressed in mouse brain, one of which encodes the 150,000-mol-wt neurofilament protein. The NF68 probe cross-hybridizes at high stringency with genomic sequences in species as diverse as human, chicken, and (weakly) frog, but not with DNA from Drosophila or sea urchin. PMID- 3919034 TI - Cationic amino acid transport by two renal epithelial cell lines: LLC-PK1 and MDCK cells. AB - LLC-PK1 and MDCK cells take up cationic amino acids (lysine and arginine) by a specific sodium independent transport system. Uptake is inhibited by ornithine in LLC-PK1 and MDCK cells either in the presence or absence of sodium and by glutamine or homoserine in MDCK cells in the presence of sodium. Trans stimulation of uptake occurs in the presence of intracellular cationic amino acids. Experiments with valinomycin or with different extracellular potassium concentrations suggest that uptake is dependent on the membrane potential of these cells. These transport features are similar to those previously ascribed to a transport system denominated y+ in other cells. Further experiments suggested that this carrier system is localised to the basolateral membrane in each cell type. PMID- 3919035 TI - Kinetics of long-term (72 hr) calcium content during mitogen activation of cultured human T lymphocytes. AB - In vitro stimulation of human blood lymphocytes with mitogen resulted in an increased intracellular content of Ca2+ per unit cell volume. This increase in Ca2+ content of lectin-activated cells reached a maximum after 24 hr of culture and thereafter slowly declined. Brief treatment of cells at 24 hr of culture with the Ca2+ ionophore A23187 in combination with EGTA resulted in a larger release of Ca2+ from cells in mitogen-stimulated cultures than from cells in control cultures. This indicates that the Ca2+ is accumulated intracellularly but is readily exchangeable. At 24 hr of culture the increase in cellular Ca2+ correlated well with the proliferative response as measured by 3H-thymidine incorporation. Ca2+ influx at 24 and 48 hr of culture was markedly enhanced in the mitogenically stimulated cells as compared either to cells cultured for 1 and 72 hr or cells cultured without mitogen. PMID- 3919036 TI - Pseudomonas aeruginosa cytotoxin stimulates prostacyclin production in cultured pulmonary artery endothelial cells: membrane attack and calcium influx. AB - The effects of highly purified Pseudomonas aeruginosa cytotoxin were investigated on cultured pulmonary artery endothelial cells. This toxin dose-dependently (7.5 60 micrograms/ml) and time-dependently (20-75 minutes) stimulated the release of radiolabeled arachidonic acid and metabolites and the synthesis of prostacyclin in the absence of overt cell damage (no enhanced lactate dehydrogenase [LDH] release). Preincubation of the toxin with neutralizing antibodies abolished the effect. The toxin response on endothelial cells required extracellular calcium but not magnesium and was accompanied by a calcium influx. Interference with intracellular calcium function by TMB 8 or with (calcium)-calmodulin function by trifluoperazine and W7 dose-dependently reduced the cytotoxin mediated synthesis of prostacyclin. Calcium channel blockers (nimodipine, diltiazem, verapamil, D 888), however, were ineffective in this system. Following addition of cytotoxin to endothelial cells, an increased passive permeability for small marker molecules (potassium, 45calcium, 3H-sucrose), but for large ones (3H-inulin, 3H dextran, LDH) was noted, suggesting that cytotoxin creates discrete hydrophilic transmembrane lesions of about 0.5-1.5 nm in diameter. These data are compatible with the notion that Pseudomonas aeruginosa cytotoxin triggers the arachidonic acid pathway in cultured pulmonary artery endothelial cells by calcium influx and suggest that this calcium influx may proceed through toxin created transmembrane lesions. PMID- 3919037 TI - Age-related reductions in cerebral vasomotor reactivity and the law of initial value: a 4-year prospective longitudinal study. AB - A group of 51 neurologically normal, middle-aged and elderly volunteers (aged 35 86 years; mean age 63.24 years) with and without risk factors for stroke were given annual tests of cerebral vasomotor reactivity to assess any changes in the cerebral vascular capacitance associated with advancing age that might alter cerebral vasomotor reactivity. Cerebral vasomotor reactivity was estimated as the difference in bihemisphere gray matter CBF measured by the 133Xe inhalation method in the steady state breathing room air, followed by a second measurement during inhalation of 100% oxygen. There were significant and progressive reductions in cerebral vasomotor reactivity during the 4-year longitudinal study. Positive linear correlations were apparent between initial steady-state mean bihemisphere gray matter CBF levels and degrees of vasomotor reactivity, suggesting that the Law of Initial Value plays an important role. This should be borne in mind when analyzing scores of cerebral vasomotor reactivity. In the present communication, analysis of covariance was used to correct for influences of initial CBF levels on vasomotor responses tested while breathing pure oxygen. PMID- 3919038 TI - [Determination of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, G2 and M1 by high pressure thin layer chromatography]. PMID- 3919039 TI - Rapid ion-exchange chromatography for preparative separation of proteins. Application to porcine and bovine carbonic anhydrases. AB - A method of rapid ion-exchange chromatography of DEAE-cellulose for preparative purposes is described. Basically, the flow-rate is increased by applying an air pressure on the column. By this technique it is possible to purify gram quantities of protein in 2-4 h with acceptable resolution. In preparations of bovine and porcine carbonic anhydrases the elution times were reduced by a factor of about ten compared to those of conventional methods. The enzymes purified in this way showed a high degree of homogeneity. The method should be generally applicable in protein purification, and especially advantageous in purification of unstable proteins where time-consuming separations often give rise to low yields of active material. PMID- 3919040 TI - Physical exercise-induced changes and season-associated differences in the pituitary-ovarian function of runners and joggers. AB - The hormonal responses to energetic chronic exercise and to seasonal shift from autumn to spring were evaluated by measuring concentrations of serum FSH, LH, PRL, estradiol (E2), progesterone (P), testosterone (T), and sex hormone-binding globuline (SHBG) during 1 menstrual cycle in the autumn (light training season) and 1 in the spring (hard training season) in 18 endurance runners and 12 age matched nonrunning women, and in 13 joggers and 11 age-matched nonjogging women. The appearance, growth, and maximal size of the ovarian follicles were monitored by ultrasonography. The high intensity training of the runners was associated with decreased concentrations of FSH on cycle days 7-8 in the autumn, E2 on cycle days 12-13 in the spring and days 22-23 in both seasons, P on cycle days 20-21 in both seasons and days 22-23 in the autumn, and T on cycle days 12-13, 14-15, and 22-23 in the spring. Jogging, however, did not alter the concentrations of these hormones. Using as criteria the presence of 2 or 3 abnormal values of the 3 indicators used for evaluation of folliculogenesis (midfollicular E2 lower than 0.09 nmol/liter, luteal phase P lower than 7 nmol/liter, and peak diameter of the largest ovarian follicle less than 15 mm), seriously disturbed folliculogenesis was found in 50% of the 32 study cycles of the runners and 9% of the 23 cycles of their controls (P less than 0.01). In all four study groups, there was a significant seasonal difference in the concentrations of ovarian hormones, with lowered E2, P, and T levels in the autumn. There were no differences in the serum concentrations of SHBG between the study groups or between the autumn and the spring. High training activity and a dark photoperiod appeared to independently suppress ovarian activity and were not associated with chronic changes in anterior pituitary hormone or SHBG concentrations. PMID- 3919041 TI - Immunohistological localization of growth hormone-releasing hormone in human tumors. AB - Two forms of GH-releasing factor (GHRH), which play a role in the regulation of GH secretion, have been isolated from pancreatic endocrine tumors in two patients with acromegaly. We examined formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded human tissues from autopsies and surgical specimens for the presence of human pancreatic GHRH-40 using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex technique to assess the prevalence of tumors containing GHRH, to define their primary sites and cellular derivations, and to correlate clinical and pathological features. Immunopositivity was demonstrated in 4 of 24 pancreatic endocrine tumors, 1 of 5 bronchial and 2 of 15 gut carcinoids, 1 of 2 thymic carcinoids, 2 of 20 medullary carcinomas of the thyroid, 1 of 12 pheochromocytomas, and 5 of 20 small cell carcinomas of the lung. Of the GHRH-containing tumors, only 2 of the pancreatic endocrine tumors and the bronchial carcinoid were associated with acromegaly. No GHRH was found in 35 tumors derived from cells that are not known to produce peptide hormones. Immunoreactivity was not detected in the nontumorous tissues from which GHRH containing tumors were derived. It can be concluded that GHRH may be found in a variety of tumors arising from and composed of peptide hormone-producing endocrine cells. The significance of immunoreactive GHRH detected in tumors unassociated with clinical evidence of acromegaly remains to be established. PMID- 3919042 TI - Transient hypogonadotropic hypogonadism caused by critical illness. AB - The effects of acute severe illness on pituitary-gonadal function were determined in 35 men and 19 women, including 12 who were postmenopausal. Seventeen men and 5 women had traumatic brain injury which resulted in coma. Twelve postmenopausal and 2 premenopausal women had intracranial vascular accidents. Eleven men had myocardial infarctions, while 7 men underwent elective surgery. Serial plasma samples were examined for testosterone (men), percentage of ultrafiltrable testosterone (men), estradiol (women), sex hormone-binding globulin, LH, and FSH. In men, mean testosterone levels fell by 271 +/- 72 (+/- SE), 202 +/- 63 and 195 +/- 75 ng/dl within 24 h of brain injury, myocardial infarction, or elective surgery, representing decreases of 55%, 43%, and 58%. Further declines occurred in the first and third groups to mean nadirs of 93 +/- 16 and 117 +/- 5 ng/dl, respectively. During recovery of neurological function there was no correlation between the testosterone level and the degree of neurological impairment; testosterone levels eventually returned to normal (627 +/- 77 ng/ml). The percentage of ultrafiltrable testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin did not change in any group. Although significant decreases in mean immunoreactive LH and FSH levels were found after head trauma, and decreases in FSH were found in the men after surgery, these changes occurred after the decline in testosterone. Despite the fall in basal gonadotropin levels in the head trauma group, there were no significant differences in the gonadotropin responses to GnRH (100 micrograms) in 4 patients during their acute illness or recovery. LH, FSH, and estradiol levels in the premenopausal women were significantly lower on the second day of brain injury (LH, 10.3 +/- 4.7 vs. 3.5 +/- 0.6 mIU/ml; FSH, 3.8 +/- 1.9 vs. 1.4 +/- 0.8 mIU/ml, estradiol, 200 +/- 41 vs. 102 +/- 16 pg/ml) and remained suppressed for 7 days. Gonadotropin levels also fell in the postmenopausal women within 24 h; reductions in LH of 74% and in FSH of 62% were present by day 7 of study. We conclude that both men and women who are critically ill uniformly develop temporary hypogonadotropic gonadal insufficiency regardless of their illness. In men, it is manifested by low testosterone levels, while a comparable decrease in estradiol is present in women. The low testosterone concentrations are not due to reduced sex hormone-binding capacity. Based upon our data in postmenopausal women, hypogonadotropism also occurs in the presence of nonfunctioning gonads. Although our studies do not completely establish the pathophysiology of this disorder, they suggest a suprapituitary origin. PMID- 3919043 TI - Heterogeneity of thyroxine binding by serum albumins in normal subjects and patients with familial dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia. AB - The nature and properties of the T4-binding albumins in the sera of normal subjects and patients with the syndrome of familial dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia (FDH) were investigated by means of isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gels. Albumins isolated from normal sera and sera of patients with FDH displayed multiple protein bands, with isoelectric points between 4.65 and 5.75, and protein patterns were the same in the two groups. In normal albumin, [125I]T4 was consistently localized in two bands, termed B1 and B2, whose isoelectric points (pIs) were 5.44 +/- 0.03 and 5.31 +/- 0.02 (mean +/- SE), respectively. Occasionally, binding of far smaller proportions of [125I]T4 was seen in two additional bands of lower pI (5.22 +/- 0.03 and 4.97 +/- 0.07), termed B3 and B4, respectively. In FDH albumin, [125I]T4 was also localized in four bands whose PIs were almost identical to those of B1-B4 in normal albumin. In FDH albumin, however, bands corresponding to B1 and B2 bound only a minor fraction of [125I]T4, the great majority being bound by bands corresponding to B3 and B4, especially the latter. Identity of the four T4-binding albumins in normal and FDH albumin was suggested by their virtually identical pIs in both types of albumin, by the emergence or intensification of the B3 band in both after extraction of endogenous T4, and by the finding that an 125I-labeled derivative of T4 used in a commercial one-step assay for serum free T4 was bound by the B4 band in both normal and FDH albumin, though more intensely in the latter. Treatment of FDH albumin with increasing concentrations of dithiothreitol (DTT; 0.1-5.0 mM) caused a progressive loss of [125I]T4 binding by B3 and B4, leaving [125I]T4 bound by B1 or B2, and had little effect on the binding of [125I]T4 by B1 and B2 in normal albumin. These effects of DTT appeared to correlate well with earlier dialysis studies at physiological pH which revealed that the same concentrations of DTT decreased or abolished the high affinity binding of T4 in FDH albumin but had little effect on the residual lower affinity binding of T4 in FDH albumin or that characteristic of normal albumin. These findings suggest that T4 binding patterns evident during isoelectric focusing of albumin at low pH have relevance to binding of T4 by albumins at physiological pH.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3919044 TI - Gonadotropin determinations and thyrotropin-releasing hormone and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone testing in critically ill postmenopausal women with hypothyroxinemia. AB - Critically ill patients often have altered serum levels of thyroid hormones. The present study was undertaken to further define hormonal changes in such patients. Since postmenopausal women have normally elevated gonadotropin levels, this group was chosen as the study population. Thirteen critically ill patients with serum T4 concentrations below 5 micrograms/dl (group I), 16 critically ill patients with T4 concentrations of 5 micrograms/dl or greater (group II), and 19 normal subjects (group III) were studied. Basal gonadotropin levels (FSH and LH) were significantly lower (P less than 0.01) in both critically ill groups. The LH level in group I was 36.5 +/- 39.3 (+/- SD) mIU/ml, in group II it was 45.3 +/- 30.4, and in group III it was 75.3 +/- 24.4. The FSH level in group I was 43.0 +/ 39.7 (+/- SD) mIU/ml, in group II it was 78.0 +/- 37.9, and in group III it was 133.0 +/- 38.2. Most group I patients had LH and FSH concentrations far below the normal postmenopausal range. The response to dynamic testing with TRH and LRH revealed a significantly lower incremental TSH response to TRH in group I (8.0 +/ 5.6 mIU/ml) compared to that in group III (13.7 +/- 2.8; P less than 0.05). However, the maximal responses of FSH and LH to LRH were not different between groups I and III, despite the fact that 2 of 10 group I patients had no response. These data indicate that a subset of patients with the low T4 syndrome have hypogonadotropism, inappropriate to their menopausal state. This suggests that acute critical illness may cause hypothalamic or pituitary dysfunction, only part of which is recognized as the low T4 syndrome. The mechanism for this dysfunction and its importance in contributing to the overall mortality in this group is unknown. PMID- 3919045 TI - The influence of transient hyperprolactinemia on in vitro fertilization in humans. AB - Hormonal stimulants of ovarian follicular maturation and anesthesia/surgery were examined for their effects on the concentration of plasma and follicular fluid PRL. Forty-seven patients undergoing in vitro fertilization for the treatment of infertility were selected at random for this prospective study. Patients given human menopausal gonadotropin and clomiphene citrate had significantly higher levels of plasma PRL compared to those given clomiphene only. Anesthesia/surgery elevated plasma PRL levels in all patients, by as much as 50-fold and to as high as 7878 mIU/liter. Follicular fluid PRL levels were correlated with preanesthetic plasma PRL concentrations, but the latter were not correlated with plasma 17 beta estradiol. Elevated plasma or follicular fluid PRL concentrations had no effect on in vitro fertilization of oocytes or embryonic development. Although not significant, the incidence of pregnancy was highest in the group of patients with the lowest preanesthetic plasma PRL levels. PMID- 3919047 TI - Pituitary and thyroid hormone levels before and after orthotopic hepatic transplantation and their responses to thyrotropin-releasing hormone. AB - Basal and TRH-induced responses of T3, T4, TSH, GH, and PRL were determined before and 1 month after orthotopic hepatic transplantation in 41 patients (22 with primary biliary cirrhosis and 19 with primary sclerosing cholangitis). The responses of these patients before and after transplantation were compared to those of age-matched normal subjects. The results demonstrate that 1 month after successful hepatic transplantation, basal and TRH-induced TSH, GH, and PRL levels had decreased toward, but not completely to, normal levels. PMID- 3919046 TI - The effect of glucose on growth hormone (GH)-releasing hormone-mediated GH secretion in man. AB - The effect of glucose on GH-releasing hormone (GHRH)-mediated GH secretion was examined in six normal young men. In two paired experiments, the six men drank a 75-g glucose solution or an equal volume of water 30 min before receiving, iv, 100 micrograms of the 44-amino acid form of human pancreatic GHRH (hGHRH-44). One week later, the same men underwent an identical experimental protocol in a cross over trial. Basal plasma GH concentrations before hGHRH-44 administration were not statistically different in the two experiments [glucose experiment, 2.1 +/- 0.1 (+/- SE) ng/ml; water experiment, 2.6 +/- 0.6 ng/ml]. The mean peak plasma GH level occurred 30 min after hGHRH-44 administration in both experiments. However, the mean GH response was significantly diminished when the men received glucose (8.12 +/- 1.12 ng/ml) compared to that when they received only water (23.70 +/- 8.46 ng/ml; P less than 0.01). Thus, hyperglycemia may exert an inhibitory effect on the plasma GH response to hGHRH-44. PMID- 3919048 TI - In vivo effects of progestins on prolactin secretion. AB - To assess a possible inhibitory effect of progestins on PRL secretion, serum PRL and estradiol levels were determined in 13 women with hyperprolactinemia due to a pituitary microadenoma before and after 3 months of treatment with a potent progestin, lynestrenol. PRL levels also were assessed during a TRH challenge test before and after treatment. Results were compared to those obtained in 10 normal women studied during the early follicular phase of their menstrual cycle and at the end of 3 months of treatment. The PRL response to TRH was blunted in patients before lynestrenol therapy. After therapy, basal serum PRL levels were significantly decreased, and the response to TRH was almost abolished. No change occurred in the normal women. The estradiol level was 80.5 +/- 7.5 (+/- SEM) pg/ml in patients before treatment and decreased to 29.2 +/- 5.0 pg/ml after therapy. Therefore, lynestrenol, a potent 19-nortestosterone derivative, exhibits in vivo an anti-PRL effect that could be related to its antiestrogenic and/or androgenic activities. PMID- 3919049 TI - Suppression of follicular maturation by infusion of a luteinizing hormone releasing hormone agonist starting during the late luteal phase in the stumptailed macaque monkey. AB - The effect of continuous administration of an LHRH agonist for 14 days on follicular estradiol secretion was studied in adult female stumptailed macaque monkeys. The infusion was started either during the early follicular phase or during the late luteal phase. Both treatments resulted in a rise in serum concentrations of LH and FSH for 2-3 days, after which time values returned to basal levels. Infusion during the early follicular phase induced a rapid rise in serum concentrations of estradiol, which declined after 7-10 days. The normal rise in serum progesterone after midcycle failed to occur, indicating that ovulation had been inhibited. Infusion during the late luteal phase of the cycle prevented the normal rise in serum concentrations of FSH and estradiol at the end of the luteal phase, and there was no indication of follicular estradiol production during the subsequent infusion period. Removal of the minipumps after 14 days was followed promptly by normal cycles, regardless of when the infusion had been started. In a second experiment, infusion of LHRH agonist was started during the luteal phase and extended for 90 days. This resulted in marked and sustained suppression of estradiol secretion and total absence of progesterone rises. These findings show that in the monkey, a rapid and sustained suppression of estradiol production can be obtained if a long term infusion of LHRH agonist is started during the luteal phase of the cycle. Such an approach in women using infusion pumps or sustained delivery preparations may be the most effective way of achieving a medical ovariectomy for the treatment of endometriosis, leiomyomata, and other estrogen-dependent pathological conditions. PMID- 3919050 TI - Reduction in pituitary desensitization and prolongation of gonadotropin release by estrogen during continuous administration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone in women: its antagonism by progesterone. AB - The present study was designed to elucidate gonadal steroid influences on gonadotropin release and subsequent pituitary desensitization to GnRH. Sixteen women, 10 of whom were normal and 6 of whom had hypogonadism, were infused with GnRH at rates ranging from 0.313-10 micrograms/h via an indwelling iv catheter for 66 h. Blood samples obtained throughout the GnRH infusion were analyzed for LH, FSH, estradiol, and progesterone. A prompt and substantial release of gonadotropin occurred in women with ovarian failure or during the luteal phase in normal women compared with that during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. Thereafter, a gradual decrease in gonadotropin secretion occurred due to pituitary desensitization, which was slower in the follicular phase than in other groups. A dose-related increase in integrated LH release occurred during GnRH infusion, but this response tapered off with administration of large doses of GnRH to women with ovarian failure or during the luteal phase. In contrast, it increased linearly up to the maximum dose of GnRH in the follicular phase. These data suggest that 1) basal levels of estrogen suppress the early rapid release of gonadotropin in response to GnRH and reduce subsequent pituitary desensitization, resulting in the prolonged release of LH; 2) estrogen widens the range of dose related increases in gonadotropin in response to GnRH; and 3) these effects of estrogen are antagonized by progesterone. PMID- 3919051 TI - Components of the total serum thyroid hormone concentrations during pregnancy: high free thyroxine and blunted thyrotropin (TSH) response to TSH-releasing hormone in the first trimester. AB - The distribution of thyroid hormones between free solution and their several protein-binding sites during pregnancy was studied under physiological conditions of temperature and pH. Single serum specimens were obtained from individual women at different stages of pregnancy. During the first 5 weeks of pregnancy, mean serum free T4 and free T3 concentrations were 50% higher than in nonpregnant women or women during the third trimester. Free T4 was increased significantly throughout the first trimester, but because of wide variance, free T3 was significantly above control values only during the first 5 weeks. Free T4 and free T3 concentrations decreased to control levels in the third trimester. These changes in free T4 concentrations are consistent with a weak thyrotropic action of hCG, which attained maximal concentrations early in the first trimester and then decreased markedly in the second and third trimesters. TRH testing of women scheduled for abortion in the first and second trimesters revealed marked inhibition of TSH response to TRH in those first trimester women who had elevated free T4 concentrations. The percent free T4 did not decrease during the first 5 weeks, but then declined progressively to term as T4-binding globulin (TBG) affinity, defined as the product of the capacity and affinity constant, progressively increased. T4 bound to TBG (T4-TBG) increased from early in the first trimester to term, and then decreased in postterm pregnancy and postpartum. T4 bound to prealbumin (T4-PA) and to albumin (T4-Alb) decreased significantly in the third trimester compared with either control or first trimester concentrations. The concentration of free T3 was positively correlated with T4-PA (r = 0.25) and T4-Alb (r = 0.31), but not with free T4 (r = 0.18) or T4-TBG (r = 0.30) concentrations. These results suggest that 1) only the high concentrations of hCG present in the first trimester of pregnancy have a thyrotropic effect in excess of normal levels of TSH, and this can be sufficient to suppress the TSH response to TRH; 2) hepatic TBG secretion continues to respond to the continuously rising estrogen levels throughout pregnancy; and 3) T4-PA and T4 Alb, but not free T4 or T4-TBG, are possible precursors for the extrathyroidal generation of T3. PMID- 3919052 TI - Bromocriptine treatment of microprolactinomas: evidence of stable prolactin decrease after drug withdrawal. AB - Thirty-six women with PRL-secreting pituitary microadenomas [mean PRL, 114 +/- 12.5 (+/- SE) ng/ml] were treated with bromocriptine (BRC; 2.5-10 mg/day) for 12 months. During BRC treatment, serum PRL decreased in all patients. After termination of treatment, mean serum PRL levels, evaluated at 15, 30, and 45 days, were significantly decreased (-41.6%, -43.0%, and -40.2%, respectively) compared to pretreatment values. The patients were arbitrarily divided into 3 groups: 12 responders, in whom the PRL persistent posttreatment decrease was greater than 50%, 8 hyporesponders, in whom the PRL decrease was between 30% and 50%, and 16 nonresponders with absent or negligible PRL decrease. Four patients had normal PRL levels and clinical remission for 14-30 months after BRC withdrawal. In 18 women, BRC treatment was repeated for another 12 months. After termination of treatment, 11 patients were responders, 1 was a hyporesponder, and 6 were nonresponders. Four of these 18 patients still had normal PRL levels 8-28 months after drug discontinuation. The responses of PRL to TRH and domperidone were compared before and after termination of treatment at 30 and 45 days, respectively. Both mean peak values of PRL and absolute increases after TRH treatment were similar before and after BRC administration; however, a PRL response to TRH was present in 15% of 26 patients before treatment and in 42% after treatment. The mean peak values after domperidone were similar before and after BRC treatment, but the absolute increase over the basal value was much higher after BRC; PRL response to domperidone was present in 16% of 19 patients before BRC treatment and in 74% after BRC. These data suggest that BRC is effective in the treatment of some microprolactinomas; BRC effectiveness improves after prolonged periods of administration. The variations in PRL responses to TRH and domperidone suggest profound modification of PRL secretion after BRC treatment. PMID- 3919053 TI - The effects of the aromatase inhibitor delta 1-testolactone on gonadotropin release and steroid metabolism in polycystic ovarian disease. AB - This study was designed to examine the importance of aromatization in the gonadotropin secretory dynamics of polycystic ovarian disease (PCOD) by using the aromatase inhibitor delta 1 testolactone (TL) as a probe and to determine the effects of TL on steroid metabolism in vivo and in vitro. The pulsatile patterns of gonadotropin secretion and peripheral steroid levels were studied in eight women with PCOD before and during TL administration. There was a significant fall in peripheral estrone (E1) levels, a rise in peripheral androstenedione levels, and an increase in the androstenedione/E1 ratio during TL administration in these women. Isotopic determinations of androgen and estrogen production and metabolism before and during TL administration in two women confirmed a 90-95% decrease in the overall rate of aromatization. One patient also had an increase in the production and clearance rates of estradiol and E1 during TL administration, suggesting resistance to TL of the ovarian aromatase enzyme system. There were significant increases in both mean LH pulse amplitude [1.2 +/- 0.3 (SE) mIU/ml LER-907 before vs. 1.7 +/- 0.3 mIU/ml LER-907 during TL, P less than 0.05, paired t test] and frequency per 6 h (median: 3 before vs. 4 during TL, P less than 0.05, Wilcoxon signed rank test). Mean levels of LH and FSH did not, however, change significantly during TL administration. TL maximally inhibited neonatal rat hypothalamic aromatase in vitro at concentrations of 200 microM, a level theoretically obtainable during pharmacological therapy. These data suggest that: 1) in humans TL is a potent inhibitor of peripheral but not ovarian aromatase, and of hypothalamic aromatase in rats; 2) TL administration increases LH pulse amplitude and frequency in PCOD, either directly via hypothalamic aromatase inhibition, or indirectly by alterations in gonadal steroid metabolism; and 3) because of the multiple potential actions of TL, its usefulness as a probe in studies of gonadotropin secretion in PCOD is limited. PMID- 3919054 TI - Blunted prolactin response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone stimulation in cystinotic children receiving cysteamine. AB - We investigated whether long term cysteamine therapy in cystinotic children altered their basal and stimulated serum PRL levels. Five subjects who had normal plasma PRL responses to TRH stimulation before cysteamine treatment each had a lower basal PRL level and a blunted PRL response during long term (19-59 months) cysteamine therapy. A blunted PRL response was not found in 12 cystinotic subjects of the same age and stage of disease who had not received cysteamine. The effect on PRL release was not found in 2 subjects who received short term (1 2 weeks) treatment with full-dose cysteamine (50 mg/kg . day). The TSH response to TRH stimulation was not blunted during long term cysteamine therapy. These findings suggest that cysteamine alters PRL secretion in humans. PMID- 3919055 TI - Addition of NaCl to MS-2 system clinical cuvettes for combined salt tolerance and susceptibility testing for group D streptococci. AB - Sodium chloride was added directly to individual wells of MS-2 system clinical cuvettes for evaluating the feasibility of simultaneous susceptibility and salt tolerance testing for group D streptococcal isolates. Salt tolerance was correctly detected for all 177 enterococci tested; there was no false-positive results for 29 group D nonenterococcal or 45 viridans streptococcal isolates. PMID- 3919056 TI - Recurrent intraabdominal abscess caused by Salmonella paratyphi C. AB - We describe a patient who suffered from recurrent intraabdominal abscesses. The last two of the three abscesses were certainly caused by Salmonella paratyphi C. The time interval between the first and the second abscess was 25 years, and that between the second and the third abscess was 20 years. Single infection with this microorganism is very rare in Israel, with only four known cases in the last 20 years. The annual frequency in the United States is 0 to 2 cases per year. In recent years, this infection has also been very rare in other parts of the world. Our case is unique as it recurred two or three times. The infection was probably dormant for a very long time. During the dormant years, the patient was clinically healthy. To our knowledge a recurrent infection with this microorganism has not previously been reported in the literature. PMID- 3919057 TI - Interferon-gamma induces the expression of H-2 and Ia antigens on brain cells. PMID- 3919058 TI - A novel pathway for biosynthesis of cholestanol with 7 alpha-hydroxylated C27 steroids as intermediates, and its importance for the accumulation of cholestanol in cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis. AB - A mixture of 7 alpha-3H- and 4-14C-labeled cholesterol was administered intravenously to rats. Cholestanol with 20-30% lower ratio between 3H and 14C than in cholesterol could be isolated from different organs. In a healthy human control, cholestanol isolated from feces had a 3H/14C ratio which was 28% lower than in administered cholesterol. Cholesterol and coprostanol reisolated in these experiments had the same ratio between 3H and 14C as in the precursor. A previously unknown pathway for formation of cholestanol, involving 7 alpha hydroxylated intermediates, may explain these results. Under normal conditions, this pathway is responsible for at most 30% of the cholestanol synthesized from cholesterol. Intravenous administration of the 7 alpha-3H- and 4-14C-labeled cholesterol to a patient with cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX) resulted in formation of cholestanol which had 70-75% lower 3H/14C ratio. It is concluded that the novel pathway involving 7 alpha-hydroxylated intermediates is accelerated in patients with CTX. This acceleration may contribute essentially to the accumulation of cholestanol, which is a predominant feature of this disease. 7 alpha-Hydroxycholesterol and 7 alpha-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one might be intermediates in the novel pathway to cholestanol. After intravenous administration of 7 beta-3H-labeled 7 alpha-hydroxycholesterol in a patient with CTX, significant amounts of 3H were incorporated into plasma and fecal cholestanol. Only small amounts of 7 alpha-hydroxycholesterol and 7 alpha-hydroxy 4-cholesten-3-one are excreted into the intestine, and we therefore conclude that the 7 alpha-dehydroxylation step mainly occurs in the liver. In CTX, the synthesis of cholestanol may be accelerated because the concentrations of 7 alpha hydroxylated bile acid intermediates in the liver are increased. A possible mechanism for the conversion of a minor fraction of 7 alpha-hydroxycholesterol into cholestanol is suggested. PMID- 3919059 TI - Role of the thymus in induction and transfer of vaccination against adjuvant arthritis with a T lymphocyte line in rats. AB - Adjuvant arthritis is an experimental disease of rats induced by immunization to antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Our observation that arthritis could be induced in irradiated rats by the A2 line of T lymphocytes in the absence of mycobacterial antigens suggested that adjuvant arthritis is an autoimmune disease. Moreover, the A2 line could be used to vaccinate unirradiated rats against the subsequent induction of adjuvant arthritis by active immunization to Mycobacteria. In the present study we found that thymus cells obtained from A2 vaccinated rats could transfer resistance to adjuvant arthritis to naive rats. This indicates that the mechanism of resistance induced by A2 vaccination is probably immunological and involves thymus-derived lymphocytes. PMID- 3919061 TI - Bile acid synthesis during development. Mitochondrial 12 alpha-hydroxylation in human fetal liver. AB - Hydroxylation of 5 beta-[7 beta-3H]cholestane-3 alpha, 7 alpha-diol was studied in mitochondrial preparations from human fetal livers. The livers were obtained at legal abortions between weeks 14 and 24. In addition to hydroxylation in the 26-position, 5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha, 7 alpha-diol was hydroxylated in the 12 alpha-position. In one experiment, mitochondrial protein was solubilized and partially purified. Material with such chromatographic properties as those of cytochrome P450 showed 12 alpha-hydroxylase activity when combined with adrenodoxin and adrenodoxin reductase from bovine adrenal mitochondria. Because adrenodoxin and adrenodoxin reductase are components specific for mitochondrial hydroxylase systems, the results exclude microsomal contamination as the origin of this 12 alpha-hydroxylase activity. Further, there was no hydroxylase activity when NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase from rat liver microsomes was added instead of adrenodoxin and adrenodoxin reductase. The microsomal fraction of fetal liver was also shown to possess 12 alpha-hydroxylase activity. Microsomal and mitochondrial hydroxylase activities per milligram of protein towards 5 beta cholestane-3 alpha, 7 alpha-diol were of the same order of magnitude. The occurrence of an efficient sterol nucleus hydroxylase activity in liver mitochondria appears to be unique for fetal liver. PMID- 3919060 TI - Role of factor VIII-von Willebrand factor and fibronectin in the interaction of platelets in flowing blood with monomeric and fibrillar human collagen types I and III. AB - Platelet adhesion to monomeric collagen types I and III, which were purified from human umbilical arteries, was studied in a perfusion chamber under well defined flow conditions. For this purpose, glass coverslips were coated with 20-30 micrograms/cm2 of collagen types I and III by spraying a solution of these collagens with a retouching air brush. Platelet deposition increased with the time of perfusion. Adhesion to both collagen types was similar in the first 3 min, but increased platelet deposition occurred on collagen type III after 3 min due to thrombus formation. Adhesion at a shear rate of 800 s-1 was strongly impaired with plasma of a patient with von Willebrand's disease or with fibronectin-free plasma. Addition of purified fibronectin to fibronectin-free plasma restored adhesion to the level obtained with normal plasma. Platelet deposition in normal plasma increased with increasing shear rates. Platelet deposition in VWD-plasma was normal at 490 s-1, but there was no increase at higher shear rates. Platelet deposition in fibronectin-free plasma was diminished at all shear rates studied from 490 to 1,300 s-1. Perfusion with a human albumin solution (HAS) to which purified Factor VIII-von Willebrand factor complex (FVIII VWF) and fibronectin had been added gave similar platelet deposition as with normal plasma. Preincubation of collagen with FVIII-VWF and perfusion with HAS containing fibronectin, or, conversely, preincubation with fibronectin and perfusion with HAS containing FVIII-VWF, also resulted in adhesion similar to that observed in normal plasma. Similar adhesion was also observed after preincubation with both FVIII-VWF and fibronectin and subsequent perfusion with HAS alone. Sequential preincubations with first FVIII-VWF and then fibronectin, or with first fibronectin and then FVIII-VWF followed by perfusion with HAS, also gave a similar adhesion as observed with normal plasma. These data indicate that platelet adhesion to monomeric collagen types I and III is dependent on both FVIII-VWF and fibronectin. FVIII-VWF is only required at relatively high shear rates; fibronectin also at relatively low shear rates. Their complementary role in platelet adhesion suggests separate binding sites for FVIII-VWF and fibronectin on collagen. Platelet deposition on performed fibrils of collagen types I and III was also studied. Initial adhesion expressed as percentage surface coverage was similar to that found with monomeric collagen, but thrombus formation was much enhanced. Adhesion on fibrillar collagen at 800 s(-1) was impaired in VWD-plasma and fibronectin-free plasma, and was restored by addition of purified fibronectin to fibronectin-free plasma. When perfusions were performed with HAS, only addition of FVIII-VWF was required for optimal adhesion to fibrillar collagen; addition of fibronectin had no effect. These data are in contrast to the studies with monomeric collagens described above, in which the addition of both FVIII-VWF and fibronectin was required. These data are also in contrast to the observation that in plasma both FVIII-VWF and fibronectin are required for optimal adhesion to fibrillar collagen. PMID- 3919062 TI - Presence of lipid hydroperoxide in human plasma. AB - Using purified prostaglandin (PG) H synthase, which synthesizes PGG2 and PGH2 from arachidonic acid, we were able to assay for the presence of peroxide activators in biological tissues. This assay system, capable of detecting both hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and lipid hydroperoxides, detected a significant amount of synthase activator in plasma. Treatment of the active preparations with catalase and glutathione peroxidase showed that the principal activator in normal human plasma was a lipid hydroperoxide rather than H2O2. PMID- 3919063 TI - Modulation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and poly(adenosine diphosphoribose) metabolism by the synthetic "C" nucleoside analogs, tiazofurin and selenazofurin. A new strategy for cancer chemotherapy. AB - Tiazofurin (2-beta-D-ribofuranosylthiazole-4-carboxamide) and selenazofurin (2 beta-D-ribofuranosylselenazole-4-carboxamide) are synthetic "C" nucleosides whose antineoplastic activity depends on their conversion to tiazofurin-adenine dinucleotide and selenazofurin-adenine dinucleotide which are analogs of NAD. The present study was conducted to determine whether these nucleoside analogs and their dinucleotide derivatives interfere with NAD metabolism and in particular with the NAD-dependent enzyme, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. Incubation of L1210 cells with 10 microM tiazofurin or selenazofurin resulted in inhibition of cell growth, reduction of cellular NAD content, and interference with NAD synthesis. Using [14C]nicotinamide to study the uptake of nicotinamide and its conversion to NAD, we showed that the analogs interfere with NAD synthesis, apparently by blocking formation of nicotinamide mononucleotide. The analogs also serve as weak inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, which is an NAD-utilizing, chromatin bound enzyme, whose function is required for normal DNA repair processes. Continuous incubation of L1210 cells in tiazofurin or selenazofurin resulted in progressive and synergistic potentiation of the cytotoxic effects of DNA-damaging agents, such as 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea or N-methyl-N'-nitro-N nitrosoguanidine. These studies provide a basis for designing chemotherapy combinations in which tiazofurin or selenazofurin are used to modulate NAD and poly(ADP-ribose) metabolism to synergistically potentiate the effects of DNA strand-disrupting agents. PMID- 3919064 TI - Functional and structural changes of the human proximal small intestine after cytotoxic therapy. AB - The effects of cytotoxic therapy on the structure and function of the proximal jejunum were studied in six patients receiving intravenous cyclophosphamide (300 mg/m2), methotrexate (40 mg/m2), and 5-fluorouracil (600 mg/m2) as adjuvant therapy for breast cancer. Using a steady state, triple lumen tube perfusion system the absorption of water and electrolytes was measured before and 48 h after administration of the cytotoxic agents. Jejunal biopsies were obtained at each perfusion. Median (range) water absorption fell from 126 (40-142) to 84 (46 142) ml/h/30 cm, with parallel changes for electrolytes; none of the changes was significant. Brush border disaccharidases did not change at 48 h after chemotherapy, while mature enterocytes appeared normal by both light and electron microscopy. Crypt cells and immature enterocytes, however, showed focal vacuolation by light microscopy, corresponding to the occurrence of large residual bodies (secondary lysosomes) containing partially degraded fragments of damaged crypt cells. The confinement of ultrastructural changes to the immature cell population may explain the failure of this study to show a consistent change in the absorptive function of the jejunum 48 h after chemotherapy. PMID- 3919065 TI - Enhanced luminescence enzyme immunoassay for factor VIII related antigen. AB - A sandwich enzyme immunoassay for plasma factor VIII related antigen has been developed which exploits a para-iodophenol enhanced chemiluminescent reaction to detect the horseradish peroxidase label. The assay entailed 15 min incubations with sample and with conjugate and had a detection limit of 0.12 mU. It showed good within batch precision (coefficient of variation = 2.95-5.8%) and results on a series of 57 specimens agreed with results obtained by immunoelectrophoresis (correlation coefficient = 0.97). PMID- 3919067 TI - Value of factor VIII related antigen as a means of demonstrating extramedullary haemopoiesis. PMID- 3919066 TI - Familial abnormalities of thyroxine binding proteins: some problems of recognition and interpretation. AB - A three generation family study was carried out after inappropriate treatment with radioactive iodine of a 50 year old woman with a raised serum total thyroxine concentration and free thyroxine index. Subsequent investigations showed that she and five members of her family had raised thyroxine binding globulin concentrations. Free thyroxine and free triiodothyronine concentrations were normal. Problems encountered in the recognition of this thyroxine binding protein disorder are discussed. Clinicians and clinical biochemists should be aware of these pitfalls and thus avoid further incorrect treatment on the basis of biochemical findings, even though free hormone estimations are now becoming readily available. PMID- 3919068 TI - Treatment of anorexia nervosa with antidepressants. AB - Nine patients with anorexia nervosa were treated with antidepressant medications from three classes: tricyclics, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, and triazolopyridines. A tenth patient was treated with the combination of lithium carbonate and carbamazepine. With either the initial or a subsequent medication trial, four patients had displayed significant improvement in weight and in other anorexic and bulimic symptoms. Three additional patients had a marked or moderate improvement in bulimic symptoms, one with moderate and two without any weight gain. Two other patients had moderate weight gain. Side effects were a significant problem in many of the patients. These preliminary results suggest that antidepressants may be of benefit in the treatment of some patients with anorexia nervosa. PMID- 3919069 TI - Bupropion--an antidepressant without sexual pathophysiological action. AB - Bupropion, a new nontricyclic antidepressant, was administered clinically on an open basis to 40 male outpatients at doses of 300 to 600 mg/day for 4 to 26 months. Of these, 12 patients had no history of sexual dysfunction, whereas 28 patients reported a history of significant sexual dysfunction (impaired libido, partial erection) while receiving tricyclic, monoamine oxidase inhibitor, maprotiline, and trazodone antidepressants. The adverse sexual effects resolved in 24 of the 28 patients (p less than 0.001) when they were transferred to bupropion. Of the four patients who failed to improve sexually on bupropion, two were diabetic and the other two had lifelong impairments in sexual functioning that were probably unrelated to drugs or depression. The 12 patients who had a negative history of sexual dysfunction continued to have normal sexual functioning during bupropion treatment. Based upon bupropion's lack of anticholinergic and antiadrenergic effects and the clinical observations in this study, this antidepressant appears to have a very low propensity for inducing adverse sexual side effects. PMID- 3919070 TI - 6-OHDA-induced ectopia of external granule cells in the subarachnoid space covering the cerebellum. III. Morphology and synaptic organization of ectopic cerebellar neurons: a scanning and transmission electron microscopic study. AB - The present report describes the ultrastructure, surface morphology, and synaptic connectivity of ectopically placed cerebellar neurons after treatment of newborn rats with 100 micrograms 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), administered intracisternally. In addition to granule cells which form the majority of ectopic neurons, neurons exhibiting the ultrastructure of basket/stellate cells are found in the subarachnoid space over the cerebellum. The ectopic neurons present an almost complete spectrum of homologous efferent and afferent connections. Parallel fiber synapses are found on thorns of spiny branchlets of Purkinje cell dendrites which also have grown out into the subarachnoid space, and on the somata and dendrites of basket/stellate cells. Many ectopic parallel fibers are seen to pass into the molecular layer of the underlying cerebellar cortex through defects in the pial surface, presumably connecting with intracortical postsynaptic partners. Synapses between ectopic Purkinje cell dendrites and basket/stellate cell axons are also observed; however, the source of these axons remains uncertain. Granule cell dendrites are engaged in glomeruli with mossy fibers. Moreover, ectopic granule cell colonies are densely innervated by noradrenergic fibers. Our results show that the technique of generating ectopia of external granule cells provides an additional model for investigating influences of epigenetic factors on the development of nerve cells. PMID- 3919071 TI - Direct and indirect immunofluorescent findings in dermatomyositis. AB - Three skin biopsies (proximal nailfold, extensor forearm and buttock) and serum samples were studied by direct and indirect immunofluorescence, immunodiffusion and radioimmunoassay techniques in 6 patients with dermatomyositis. A variety of serologic and immunopathologic abnormalities was observed in the patients. Three of 6 patients had antinuclear antibodies (ANA) of a speckled pattern mixed with a peculiar dot pattern. Epidermal intercellular deposits of immunoglobulins were seen in the nailfold biopsies of 2 patients; one of them also had IgG deposits in the cytoplasm of epidermal cells. Forearm and buttock biopsies were negative. PMID- 3919072 TI - Is it time for a computer in your practice? V. How to evaluate if a computer is appropriate for your practice. AB - In this article, a strategy for evaluating your practice in terms of its potential for computerization has been outlined. The rules that have been presented are general guidelines and exceptions may exist in any practice due to its specific needs. The use of a medical office computer consultant may help you to make this evaluation in a more effective manner. Once you have determined that your practice may benefit by the use of a computer, the next step is to select between the myriad of currently available systems. The next article in the series will be devoted to describing a method to help you select the system most appropriate for your setting. PMID- 3919073 TI - Lasers in dermatology--1985. AB - Since the introduction of medical lasers in 1960, the skin has been a major site for applied laser research and therapy. Argon and carbon dioxide lasers have been the most widely used in clinical practice, and many diseases that were impossible or difficult to manage are now being effectively treated with these. Exciting developments today involve other systems, including tunable dye, ruby, neodymium YAG, and low-energy lasers. Photodynamic therapy for cancer may provide a selective method of destroying clinically inapparent malignant cells. Lasers now seem to have become an integral part of the dermatologic surgeon's armamentarium. PMID- 3919074 TI - Neural mechanisms of scanned and stationary touch. AB - The neural mechanisms subserving the sense of touch set the limits for the acquisition of information regarding the spatial and temporal characteristics of stimuli impinging on the skin surface. The results of three different psychophysical experiments imply that the skin of the finger pad can resolve the elements of a stimulus separated by 0.9 mm when the stimulus is applied to the skin and held stationary. This resolution limit is only slightly improved (to about 0.7 mm) when movement between the stimulus and skin is allowed. Single-unit recordings from three classes of primary mechanoreceptive afferents in anesthetized monkeys shows that only one class, the slowly adapting afferents, resolve spatial detail of stationary stimuli near the resolution limit. In addition, slow adaptors appear to resolve moving stimuli (e.g., Braille-dot patterns) more effectively than do the other two classes. However, these observations do not explain the extraordinary capacity of the finger-pad skin for discriminating between fine textures. Neurophysiological evidence suggests that information about such textures (i.e., surfaces with spatial details below the resolution limit) may be conveyed by a code based on the relative engagement of the three receptor populations. PMID- 3919075 TI - Cost-effectiveness of sealants in private practice and standards for use in prepaid dental care. Council on Dental Research. AB - Whether sealants are more cost-effective than restorative dentistry in reaching dental health goals for patients of private practitioners will depend on the relative excellence of materials and techniques, and on the values of prevention per se held by practitioner and patient. Given this heavy dose of subjectivity in the equation, it is doubtful if experimental cost-effectiveness studies of sealants in private practice will be fruitful. A more likely approach to answering questions on cost-effectiveness would be empirical testing of sealant reimbursement in prepayment programs under the standards suggested. PMID- 3919076 TI - Bronchial hyperreactivity after treatment with sodium cromoglycate in atopic asthmatic patients not exposed to relevant allergens. AB - The bronchial hyperreactivity, measured as the responsiveness to histamine, was studied in 14 atopic patients before, during, and after 4 wk of treatment with sodium cromoglycate (SCG) and placebo in a double-blind, randomized, crossover study. The patients were not exposed to relevant allergens during the study. The variations in provocation concentrations corresponding to 20% decrease in FEV1 (PC20) were small during both placebo and active drug treatment. After SCG treatment, PC20 increased (less responsiveness) in nine of the 14 patients, especially in those with low PC20 values. The difference between placebo and active drug treatment was not statistically significant. Although SCG has a mediator-inhibiting effect, this study gave no support for the assumption that inhibition of mediator release leads to a reduction of the bronchial hyperreactivity in atopic asthmatic subjects who are not exposed to relevant allergens. PMID- 3919077 TI - Teaching nursing homes: prospects for improving long-term care. PMID- 3919078 TI - Effectiveness of lasers on plantar papillomas: a preliminary study. AB - Laser beams are capable of producing an intense, nearly parallel beam of electromagnetic energy with a specific wavelength. Their use in medicine has proliferated rapidly in recent years. The authors report on the results of a study of 63 plantar verrucae in 20 patients who had previously been treated with various other methods. PMID- 3919079 TI - An avulsion fracture at the extensor digitorum brevis muscle origin. AB - This paper attempts to familiarize the podiatrist with the pathologic entity of avulsion fracture at the extensor digitorum brevis muscle origin and its mechanism of injury, clinical presentation, and treatment. It can be seen on routine radiograms and the problem it presents is one of diagnosis rather than treatment. PMID- 3919080 TI - The cost of residential care homes serving elderly adults. AB - Given increasing expenditures for long-term nursing home care costs, the residential care home (RCH) provides a viable alternative for elderly Americans requiring daily supervision but not extensive care. Purposive and random sampling procedures were used to select 181 RCHs serving the elderly in five states in order to analyze their expenditures. Home operator interviews yielded facility and patient descriptors as well as expenditure data. Analyses of these data revealed total expenditures per resident month to be $330 in 1980 dollars. Based on multivariate analyses, measures of resident case mix were significantly related to food costs but not to staffing costs. Findings suggest that small homes commit more resources to resident care since operator labor is not an expenditure. PMID- 3919081 TI - Health expenditures and elderly adults. AB - The purpose of the study was to examine how health expenditures vary among elderly households and how expenditure patterns across other commodity groups are influenced by various factors, including higher medical expenditures. Household expenditure data for five different age groups of elderly households included in the 1972-1973 Consumer Expenditure Survey were used in the analysis. Multiple regression procedures were used to estimate a complete set of budget share equations with and without health expenditures as an independent variable. Results indicate readjustments in expenditure patterns resulting from higher direct medical payments are likely to lead to significant reductions in food, housing, transportation, and taxes under current policy. This could have important long-run implications for elderly adults as well as for the entire economy. The research also indicated the importance of controlling for age differences when studying expenditure patterns of elderly adults. PMID- 3919082 TI - Reducing public expenditures for physician services: the price of paying less. AB - The purpose of this paper is to examine how physicians respond to changes in payment levels from government insurers. Our analysis focuses on two issues: controlling overall program expenditures, and assuring full access to care for program clients. We review evidence from natural experiments in which payment levels were increased, frozen, or decreased. These studies show that freezing or reducing payment levels is not effective in controlling program expenditures, because physicians responded by increasing the quantity and complexity of services provided. Furthermore, when government programs freeze or reduce their payment levels, physicians are less likely to treat the clients of these programs. We conclude that policymakers must seek alternative strategies for controlling program expenditures. PMID- 3919083 TI - Medicare revisited: a look through the past to the future. AB - This paper examines the elderly's out-of-pocket health care expenditures by category of expense, before and after the inception of Medicare. It describes the shifting of out-of-pocket expenses from hospital care to nursing-home care, while physician services and drugs have remained prominent components of out-of-pocket expenditures. Recent corrosive trends in the protection against out-of-pocket liability are discussed and analyzed. The author contends that the raging debate over the Medicare program must include and recognize the concerns of the elderly consumer. PMID- 3919084 TI - Regulating motor vehicle safety maintenance: can we make it cost-effective? AB - Our analysis suggests that a properly designed and implemented safety inspection program for motor vehicles would probably produce benefits in excess of costs, whereas most existing state programs probably produce costs well in excess of benefits. That these findings are somewhat inconclusive is both regrettable and unnecessary: the data required to carry out a satisfactory evaluation of alternative safety inspection program designs are obtainable. Unfortunately, serious policy-relevant empirical research is costly; for that reason, more conclusive findings may never be available. PMID- 3919085 TI - Reservoir animals for nephropathia epidemica in Norway: indications of a major role for the bank vole (C. glareolus) in comparison with the woodmouse (A. sylvaticus). AB - Small rodents were collected live in two different locations within a nephropathia epidemica (NE) endemic area, and tested for both antiviral serum antibodies and viral antigens in lung sections. In one location, only Apodemus sylvaticus (woodmice) were found in the traps, in the other, both A. sylvaticus and Clethrionomys glareolus (bank voles) were collected. Among the woodmice from the former location the prevalence of NE virus markers was significantly lower than for either woodmice or bank voles from the other location, and no NE antigen positive animals was found. The woodmice co-existing with bank voles had a lower prevalence of NE antigen and antibodies than the bank voles, and fewer woodmice had both antibodies and antigen. The results emphasize the important role of bank voles as a major NE virus reservoir and probable source of human infections. PMID- 3919086 TI - Microbiological aspects of goat's milk. A Public Health Laboratory Service survey. AB - In a 12-month survey (June 1982-May 1983) 41 laboratories examined 2493 samples of goat's milk for colony counts and the presence of pathogens. The statutory tests for cow's milk were also applied. Surface counts of less than 10(5) organisms per ml of raw milk were given by 79% of samples at 37 degrees C and by 76% at 22 degrees C. There were less than 100 coliforms per ml in 71% of samples, less than 10 Escherichia coli per ml in 91%. Staphylococcus aureus was not detected in countable numbers in 96% of samples. Only one isolation of campylobacter was made and two of Yersinia enterocolitica. Salmonella was not detected in 2462 samples. The methylene blue test was carried out on 2368 samples and 86.7% were deemed satisfactory. No sample was Brucella ring-test-positive. Experiments on the survival and growth of six food poisoning organisms in stored goat's milk showed that Bacillus cereus, Staph. aureus, Salmonella typhimurium and Y. enterocolitica survived quite well and multiplied at the higher storage temperature of 30 degrees C. Clostridium perfringens only increased 10- to 100 fold while Campylobacter jejuni did not grow. The results of the survey indicate that any problems with goat's milk relate to poor hygiene during production rather than transmission of organisms from the goat herself. PMID- 3919087 TI - Subdivision of Mycobacterium tuberculosis for epidemiological purposes: a seven year study of the "Classical' and 'Asian' types of the human tubercle bacillus in South-East England. AB - Human strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were divided into the 'Classical' and 'Asian' types according to their sensitivity to thiophen-2-carboxylic acid hydrazide. The isolation of these two types in South-East England was studied during a seven-year period (1977-1983). The 'Asian' type was more prevalent among ethnic Asian patients than among ethnic Europeans. Among Europeans there was a decline in the isolation rate of 'Classical' strains and a small but significant increase in 'Asian' strains during the study period, so that the proportion of the latter type in this group is increasing. The type of bacillus was unrelated to the site of isolation except that the incidence of lymphadenitis due to the 'Asian' type among European females was significantly higher than expected. In general, European patients tended to be older than Asian patients, and the differences in age distribution according to site of isolation and type of bacillus in each ethnic group were small. A notable exception occurred with European females infected with the 'Asian' type, whose age distribution was similar to the Asians. In view of the differences in behaviour of the two types of human tubercle bacilli in this country there is a need to continue a bacteriological surveillance and also to determine whether the nature of the host pathogen interaction varies according to the type of bacillus. PMID- 3919089 TI - Functional characterization of human thymocytes: a limiting dilution analysis of precursors with proliferative and cytolytic activities. AB - In this report we have analyzed the pool size of human thymocytes capable of proliferating or mediating cytolytic activity. Furthermore, the relationship between these functional capabilities and cell surface antigen expression was studied. Graded numbers of human thymocytes were plated under limiting dilution conditions with irradiated human spleen cells (as a source of feeder cells) and phytohemagglutinin (PHA) in the presence of a saturating concentration of interleukin 2. Cell proliferation, which was evaluated after 20 days of culture, was usually compared with the proliferation of peripheral blood T cell populations cultured under identical conditions. Although essentially all peripheral blood T cells were clonogenic, only 3 to 8% of thymocytes proliferated. Of proliferating microcultures, 48 to 86% showed cytolytic activity in a PHA-dependent assay, whereas 26 to 83% killed the NK-sensitive target cell K 562 in the absence of added lectin. Similar frequency analysis of functional precursors was performed on thymocyte subsets selected according to their expression of T3, T6, T4, and T8 antigens. All precursors of proliferating cells (PTL-P) were found in the T3+ subset. From the comparison of the percentages of total thymocytes capable of proliferation and the proportion of cells brightly stained with anti-T3 antibody, it was evident that only a fraction of T3+ cells was clonogenic. Although the large majority of PTL-P was found in the T6- subpopulation, a small fraction of functional precursors was detected in the T6+ subset. When thymocytes were fractionated according to T4 or T8 antigen expression, it was found that 80 to 90% of the recovered PTL-P were confined to the T4+ fraction, whereas only 20 to 28% of the recovered PTL-P were present in the T8+ subset. Analysis of the precursors of cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL-P) in thymocyte populations fractionated according to T4 or T8 antigen expression showed that 70 to 90% of the recovered CTL-P were found in the T4+ fraction and 17 to 30% were in the T8+ subset. Because approximately 80% of proliferating T4+ thymocytes had CTL activity (as compared with less than 5% in peripheral blood T4+ lymphocytes), it appears that the subset distribution of thymic CTL-P differs from that of peripheral blood T cells. PMID- 3919088 TI - AKR/J gene(s) unlinked to H-2 determines dominant inheritance of lymphocyte hyporesponsiveness to acetylcholine receptor. AB - Mice with the H-2b major histocompatibility complex haplotype are high immune responders to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (AChR), whereas mice with the H 2k haplotype are generally low responders. F1 progeny of C57BL/6 (H-2b) mice crossed with mice of most H-2k strains are high responders to AChR in standard conditions of testing helper T cell proliferation in vitro (4 X 10(5) lymph node cells/microwell, 1 wk after primary challenge in vivo). In contrast, the F1 progeny of AKR/J (H-2k) crossed with high responder (H-2b) strains (B6, A.BY, or C3H.SW) were all hyporesponsive to AChR when lymphocytes were tested at 4 X 10(5) cells/well. However, at a density of 1 X 10(6) or greater/well, a high level of antigen-specific responsiveness was demonstrable in the F1 hybrid lymphocytes. A shift from low to high responsiveness to AChR at high cell densities was observed also in the H-2b strain AKR.B6. Other strains previously demonstrated to be low responders to AChR did not become responsive to AChR when lymphocyte numbers were increased to 1.4 X 10(6)/well. The N2 generation yielded by backcrossing (AKR X B6)F1 mice to AKR/J were all low responders, whereas N2 progeny derived by backcrossing F1 to B6 were high or low responders in a ratio of approximately 1:1 (independent of their H-2 phenotype). Results consistent with this observation were obtained in (AKR X B6) F2 mice. These data suggest that at least one AKR/J gene outside of the H-2 complex exerts a hyporesponsive influence on the I-A dependent helper T cell response to AChR in H-2b mice. PMID- 3919090 TI - Immune attack on pancreatic islet transplants in the spontaneously diabetic BioBreeding/Worcester (BB/W) rat is not MHC restricted. AB - Spontaneous diabetes mellitus in the BB/W rat is preceded by lymphocytic insulitis that destroys pancreatic beta cells. Cultured pancreatic islets and adrenal cortex from inbred rats of variable MHC were transplanted to RT1/u BB/W rats without allograft rejection. Islet grafts from RT1/u and non-RT1/u rats evidenced lymphocytic insulitis in BB/W recipients that became diabetic or evidenced lymphocytic insulitis within endogenous islets. These findings suggest that BB immune insulitis is not MHC restricted and may be directed against islet transplants from non-RT1/u animals. PMID- 3919092 TI - The murine IL 2 receptor. III. Cellular requirements for the induction of IL 2 receptor expression on T cell subpopulations. AB - The accessory cell requirements for the induction of the IL 2 receptor by the lectin Con A on murine T cell subsets were directly assayed with anti-IL 2 receptor monoclonal antibodies. Substantial levels of IL 2 receptor expression were induced on T lymphocytes of the MHC class I-restricted, suppressor/cytotoxic phenotype (L3T4-, Ly-2+) in the presence and absence of accessory cells. In contrast, high levels of IL 2 receptor expression could only be induced on T cells of the MHC class II-restricted, helper/inducer phenotype (L3T4+, LY-2-) in the presence, but not in the absence, of accessory cells. Ia- cells such as the P388D1 macrophage line or cultured fibroblasts (DAP X 3) were as efficient as the Ia+ B cell hybridoma LB in providing accessory cell function for the L3T4+, Ly-2- subset. PMA, but not purified human IL 1, could substitute for accessory cells for both IL 2 receptor expression and IL 2 secretion by the L3T4+, Ly-2- subset. These data suggest that IL 2 receptor induction on the L3T4+, Ly-2- subset is complex, possibly requiring a T cell-accessory cell interaction, whereas the lectin may directly trigger IL 2 receptor expression on L3T4-, Ly-2+ T cells. PMID- 3919091 TI - Structural and functional characterization of IL 2 receptors on activated human B cells. AB - After activation, B cells express the IL 2 receptor as determined by their reactivity with monoclonal anti-IL 2 receptor antibodies. In this report we show that anti-IL 2 receptor antibodies precipitated comparable 60,000 to 65,000 dalton proteins from highly purified B and T cells. Limited peptide mapping suggested that the receptors on B and T cells were identical. Moreover, activated B cells could be induced to proliferate by IL 2, but not to secrete Ig. Anti-IL 2R antibody blocked the effect of IL 2 but not the proliferative response induced by B cell growth factor (BCGF), suggesting independent growth factor receptors. Investigation of the kinetics of the B cell response to growth factor indicated that BCGF acts within 24 hr, whereas IL 2 was virtually devoid of activity for 48 hr. Nevertheless, after 72 to 96 hr, the effect of IL 2 was equal to or greater than that obtained with BCGF. These studies suggest that the initial stages of B cell proliferation involves a sequential interaction of BCGF and IL 2 with their respective receptors. PMID- 3919093 TI - Production and response to interleukin 2 in vitro and in vivo after bone marrow transplantation in mice. AB - Lymphoid cells from bone marrow radiation chimeras do not produce normal levels of IL 2 but are capable of responding to IL 2 in mitogenic and cytotoxic assays in vitro. The administration of recombinant human IL 2 into host mice that have received allogeneic, H-2-compatible marrow did not enhance mortality. PMID- 3919094 TI - Interleukin 2-induced lymphocyte proliferation is independent of increases in cytosolic-free calcium concentrations. AB - Activation of lymphocytes by mitogenic lectins initiates a sequence of events that culminates in DNA synthesis and cell proliferation. The mitogenic effects of lectins on T lymphocytes leads to the production of a group of lymphokines including the interleukins. The binding of interleukin 2 (IL 2) to its receptor results in activation of the cell leading to DNA synthesis. An increase in cytosolic-free Ca++ ([Ca++]i) is associated with activation of lymphocytes by mitogenic lectins and also appears to be a prerequisite for induction of DNA synthesis and cell proliferation. We have determined whether the proliferative response triggered by IL 2 binding to its receptor is associated with or requires an increase in [Ca++]i. Using human and murine IL 2-sensitive cell lines, we have demonstrated that the IL 2-induced proliferative response, in contrast to that induced by mitogens such as phytohemagglutinin or concanavalin A, is not accompanied by an increase in [Ca++]i as monitored by the fluorescent indicator quin-2. Furthermore, IL 2-dependent triggering of lymphoblasts occurs in the presence of extremely low extracellular calcium concentrations that prevent transmembrane calcium flux. Activation of IL 2 receptor-bearing T cells, therefore, does not appear to be associated with or to require an increase in [Ca++]i as part of the activation and signaling process. The critical step requiring calcium flux in cell signaling by mitogenic lectins must therefore occur elsewhere in the activation cascade. PMID- 3919095 TI - Interferons as macrophage-activating factors. III. Preferential effects of interferon-gamma on the interleukin 1 secretory potential of fresh or aged human monocytes. AB - Human peripheral blood adherent leukocytes incubated with interferon (IFN) of three different species (alpha, beta, or gamma) show an enhanced potential of IL 1 synthesis and secretion that can be revealed by a second signal provided by endotoxins or Poly IC. We have shown that recombinant IFN-gamma, compared with recombinant IFN-alpha or purified IFN-beta, has preferential effects on IL 1 secretion in fresh monocyte cultures. We have observed a progressive and profound loss of the ability of adherent cell cultures to secrete IL 1 upon aging for 4 to 12 days in vitro. IFN-gamma was found to be more efficient than IFN-alpha or beta at maintaining (when added at the onset of the cultures) or reversing the loss (when added on the fourth day of culture) of the IL 1 secretory function. These observations suggest that the secretion of IFN-gamma during the course of immune responses may have a critical role in feeding back the cascade of interleukins in a loop of amplification, and may thereby regulate macrophage-T lymphocyte interactions. PMID- 3919096 TI - Induction of interferon-gamma production by human natural killer cells stimulated by hydrogen peroxide. AB - Interferon (IFN)-inducing activity of hydrogen peroxide in human peripheral mononuclear cells was investigated. Among the mononuclear cells, purified nonadherent cells produced IFN, but not B cells and monocytes. The maximal titer of IFN by purified nonadherent cells was observed after a 72-hr cultivation in the presence of 10(-2) mM H2O2 without affecting their viability. Furthermore, the purified nonadherent cells, but not the unpurified mononuclear cells, showed an augmented cytotoxicity to K562 when stimulated with hydrogen peroxide. By using Percoll discontinuous density gradient centrifugation, peripheral blood nonphagocytic and nonadherent mononuclear cells were divided into the low and high density fractions for which natural killer (NK) cells and T cells were enriched, respectively. The NK-enriched low density fractions, but not the T cell enriched high density fractions, showed IFN production by the stimulation of hydrogen peroxide. IFN production as well as large granular lymphocytes and HNK 1+, Leu-11+ cells of the NK-enriched fractions were abrogated by treatment of the cells with monoclonal antibody against human NK cells (HNK-1+) but not against T cells (OKT3) in the presence of complement. Moreover, hydrogen peroxide-inducing IFN production seems to be regulated by monocytes. The antiserum neutralizing IFN alpha and IFN-beta failed to neutralize substantially IFN-produced NK cells. The treatment with either pH 2 or antiserum-neutralizing human IFN-gamma resulted in marked reduction, indicating that a major part of IFN was IFN-gamma. The purified nonadherent cells showed IFN production and augmented cytotoxicity when cultured separately from activated macrophages by opsonized zymosan; furthermore, both IFN production and enhancement of cytotoxicity were abrogated by catalase. These results suggest that both exogenous and endogenous hydrogen peroxide might be responsible for a part of immunoregulation. PMID- 3919097 TI - Opposing effects of glucocorticoids on interferon-gamma-induced murine macrophage Fc receptor and Ia antigen expression. AB - Two macrophage markers associated with differentiation are the Fc receptor (FcR) and the Ia antigen. Expression of these markers is increased with IFN-gamma treatment, although some evidence suggests that the induction pathway for Fc receptor and Ia antigen expression may be dissociable. In this study, the effect of glucocorticoids on basal and IFN-induced levels of Fc-mediated phagocytosis and Ia antigen expression was investigated. Macrophages incubated for 2 days with glucocorticoids alone showed no change in basal levels of Fc-mediated phagocytosis. However, incubation with glucocorticoids plus IFN-gamma resulted in increased Fc-mediated phagocytosis and binding to a much greater extent than IFN gamma treatment alone. This enhancement was specific for IFN-gamma, because the IFN-beta-induced increase in Fc-mediated phagocytosis and binding was not affected by glucocorticoids. In contrast to the expression of Fc receptor capacity, both basal and IFN-gamma-induced levels of Ia antigen expression were inhibited by glucocorticoids. The glucocorticoid effect on these two markers was not observed with other steroid hormones, nor was it altered by inhibitors of the arachidonic acid pathway. The findings of this study provide additional evidence that induction of Fc receptor and Ia antigen by IFN-gamma occurs by different mechanisms. PMID- 3919098 TI - Expression of 20-alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in mouse macrophages, hemopoietic cells, and cell lines and its induction by colony-stimulating factors. AB - The enzyme 20-alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (20 alpha SDH) has been proposed as a T lymphocyte marker that is specifically induced by interleukin 3. We have examined the expression of 20 alpha SDH and its relationship to interleukin 3 responsiveness in other hemopoietic lineages. The enzyme is expressed at high levels in the bone marrow of athymic nu/nu mice, but only at low levels in nu/nu spleen and normal adult bone marrow. 20 alpha SDH is induced in nu/nu spleen and in normal fetal liver cells by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) as well as by interleukin 3. In longer term cultures of fetal liver and adult marrow, macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) also induces the enzyme, which is expressed in proliferating adherent macrophages. The high levels of 20 alpha SDH in purified bone marrow-derived macrophages are maintained by M CSF, GM-CSF, or interleukin 3. Expression of 20 alpha SDH in these cells is associated with resistance to growth inhibition by progesterone. Additional evidence against the restriction of 20 alpha SDH to T lymphocytes is found in its presence in peritoneal macrophages, myelomonocytic and macrophage-like cell lines, and the L929 fibrosarcoma line. We conclude that 20 alpha SDH is a normal enzyme of proliferating hemopoietic cells irrespective of their lineage or growth factor responsiveness. PMID- 3919100 TI - IgA isotype-restricted idiotypes associated with T15 Id+ PC antibodies. AB - Idiotypes are believed to be due to the structural conformation of the variable region of immunoglobulins (Ig). We have found an idiotype (C3-24) that requires both variable and constant regions of the heavy chain to be expressed. C3-24 Id is associated with both the T15 variable region from anti-phosphorylcholine (PC) antibodies and the constant region for the alpha-heavy chain. High titer anti-PC serum from a variety of inbred strains of different Ig haplotypes failed to express C3-24 Id. However, when IgA but not IgG or IgM fractions were isolated from a pool of anti-PC serum from BALB/c mice, more than 70% of the molecules expressed C3-24 Id. The high frequency of the expression of C3-24 Id in IgA anti PC hybridoma proteins from mice of different Ig haplotypes and in the IgA fraction of normal anti-PC antibodies from BALB/c and presumably other strains of mice suggests that idiotypic determinants produced by the three-dimensional product of VH and CH regions may not be unusual. PMID- 3919099 TI - Co-immunoprecipitation of the Ly-5 molecule and an endogenous protease: a proteolytic system requiring a reducing agent and Ca2+1. AB - Sodium [3H]borohydride- and [35S]methionine-labeled Ly-5 molecules from mouse thymocytes and T lymphoma cells were isolated with specific antibody and Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I (SaCI) strain; after extensive washing of the complexes, elution with Laemmli's reducing buffer (0.05 M Tris [pH 6.8 or 6.0], 4% sodium dodecyl sulfate [SDS], and 2% 2-mercaptoethanol [2-ME]) resulted in partial breakdown of the isolated Ly-5 molecules from a Mr = 175,000 to 150,000. Other proteins present during the elution step showed no evidence of proteolysis. 2-ME and SDS were required for proteolysis; although addition of exogenous Ca2+ during elution was not necessary, both EDTA and EGTA inhibited breakdown of the molecule that could be overcome by excess Ca2+. Of a variety of protease inhibitors and thiol-reactive agents tested, only TAME and oxidized glutathione blocked proteolysis almost completely. SaCI, serum, and contaminating antibodies were ruled out as the source of the proteolytic activity. More stringent preclearing and washing conditions did not eliminate endogenous proteolysis of the Ly-5 molecule. The endogenous proteolytic fragment had a Mr distinct from the tryptic fragment of the Ly-5 molecule. We conclude that the Ly-5 molecule may be autolytic or tightly associated with a distinct cellular protease. PMID- 3919101 TI - In vivo and in vitro studies of the binding of antibody/dsDNA immune complexes to rabbit and guinea pig platelets. AB - The in vivo and in vitro binding of prepared antibody/dsDNA immune complexes to rabbit and guinea pig cellular blood components was examined. The in vitro binding in these two nonprimates was almost entirely due to platelets, and required homologous, intact complement; furthermore, no appreciable binding was observed for neutrophils, mononuclear cells, or erythrocytes at normal blood concentrations. The in vivo binding reaction occurred quite rapidly (less than 1 min for maximal binding) and the majority of the injected counts were cleared from the circulation in 3 to 5 min. Over this time period, however, a large fraction of the counts remaining in the circulation also remained bound to the animals' cells (presumably platelets), and this result was most pronounced for complement-fixing immune complexes prepared with high m.w. dsDNA. In vitro studies confirmed that immune complexes prepared with such dsDNA are rather slowly released from the animal platelets in the presence of homologous serum, and this result is in marked contrast to the considerably greater lability of bovine serum albumin/anti-bovine serum albumin immune complexes that are bound to complement receptors on animal and human cells. These observations suggest that the fate of immune-complexed dsDNA in the circulation may be very different from that of free dsDNA, and in the case of nonprimates may involve a platelet mediated immune complex clearance mechanism analogous to the erythrocyte-mediated immune complex clearance mechanism which is believed to be operative in primates. PMID- 3919103 TI - An anti-human mu chain monoclonal antibody: use for detection of IgM antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii by reverse immunosorbent assay. AB - A precipitating anti-human mu chain monoclonal antibody (designated Tibi 82 McAb) was produced by the cell fusion technique. This McAb (isotype: IgG1 kappa) reacted by radioimmunoassay with all 10 human IgM proteins tested. In contrast, no reactivity was observed with IgG, IgA, IgE, lambda and kappa chains. 19 S IgM proteins were precipitated by Tibi 82 McAb using the Ouchterlony method under standard conditions. Hence specificity of this McAb for the C mu 2 domain was characterized by inhibition of precipitin reactions using human IgM fragments. Despite its narrow specificity for the C mu 2 domain, such a McAb could be used for IgM capture in the detection of specific IgM to Toxoplasma gondii employing the IgM immunosorbent agglutination assay (IgM-ISAGA). Tibi 82 McAb was compared with 3 anti-human IgM polyclonal reagents in the routine analysis of 117 sera. With 2 of them, a correlation coefficient of 0.976 was obtained and Tibi 82 McAb was more sensitive than the third polyclonal reagent tested. The IgM-ISAGA technique was shown to be reproducible using Tibi 82 McAb and similar anti-human mu chain McAbs could permit the wider development of reverse immunosorbent methods for the detection of specific IgM in various infectious diseases. PMID- 3919104 TI - Use of 'single shot' intrasplenic immunization for production of monoclonal antibodies specific for human IgM. AB - We report here the use of 'single shot' intrasplenic injection of human IgM for immunization of mice to obtain splenocytes for use in the production of hybridomas secreting antibodies against human IgM. Fusion was performed 3 days after intrasplenic injection of 20 micrograms of myeloma IgM. IgM-specific antibodies were found in 12% of the fusion wells; only 1 well contained antibodies which cross-reacted with other immunoglobulin classes. Two monoclonal antibodies (McAbs) have been fully characterized as specific for different epitopes on Fc mu. These antibodies can be used to detect IgM on the surface of human B cells by immunofluorescence and in solution by solid-phase radiobinding assay or single radial immunodiffusion. Both McAbs can also detect IgM fragments by immunoblotting from non-reducing SDS-polyacrylamide gels. PMID- 3919102 TI - gamma-Interferon enhances the secretion of arachidonic acid metabolites from murine peritoneal macrophages stimulated with phorbol diesters. AB - Macrophage activation in vivo has been associated with qualitative and quantitative alterations in the release and metabolism of arachidonic acid. In the present study, we examined the effect of in vitro macrophage activation with recombinant gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma) on arachidonic acid secretion induced by exposure to a variety of stimulating agents. Secretion stimulated by challenge with unopsonized zymosan, insoluble immune complexes, the calcium ionophore A23187, or combinations thereof was unaltered in IFN-gamma-treated macrophages. However, when phorbol diesters active as tumor promoters were employed as challenge agents, arachidonate secretion was enhanced as much as 10-fold over that seen in nonactivated controls. The enhanced secretory response to PMA was detectable as early as 1 hr after exposure to IFN-gamma, reached a maximum within 3 to 6 hr, and subsequently declined to control levels even in the continued presence of the agent. Treatment with IFN-gamma did not alter the pattern of individual metabolites produced by macrophages challenged with either zymosan or PMA. Finally, the sensitivity to phorbol diesters was also increased by treatment with IFN-gamma (ED50 reduced from 35 ng/ml to 4 ng/ml). Thus, IFN-gamma could prime macrophages for a substantially amplified response to phorbol esters. Because the cellular mediator of PMA action has been identified as a Ca++, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase, a role for this enzyme in macrophage functional development is indicated. PMID- 3919105 TI - The serum capacity to solubilize immune complexes (ICSC) measured by an enzyme anti-enzyme complex probe. AB - The capacity to solubilize immune complexes can be readily measured by incubating the test serum with a suspension of an immune precipitate formed by beta galactosidase and anti-beta-galactosidase antibody, and then reading the enzyme units (EU) liberated in the clear supernatant. Our method is rapid and inexpensive; it can be performed in plates and read in scanning colorimeters. Although on large numbers of observations the ICSC is significantly correlated with the CH50, a few discordant cases suggest that solubilization and haemolysis are functions of the alternative and classical pathways of complement respectively. PMID- 3919106 TI - Preparation of a monoclonal antibody against human lactase. AB - A simple procedure for screening for anti-enzyme monoclonal antibodies is described. The properties of our first antibody identified this way, directed against human lactase, are reported. PMID- 3919107 TI - Epidermal growth factor stimulates release of arachidonic acid in pig epidermis. AB - Epidermal growth factor (EGF) at physiologic concentrations (0.001-0.1 microgram/ml) stimulated the release of [14C] arachidonic acid [14C-AA] from pig epidermis. Although EGF stimulated the release of AA in the absence of exogenously added calcium to some extent, the addition of calcium (0.3-1.2 mM) significantly potentiated the release of AA stimulated by EGF. Ionophore A23187, which is known to stimulate phospholipase A2 activity by opening the calcium gates, potentiated the EGF-stimulated release of AA. The stimulatory effect of EGF was partially inhibited by the addition of mepacrine (70% inhibition at 10 microM) and by the pretreatment of hydrocortisone (60% inhibition at 1.0 microM). The loss of 14C-labeled phospholipids in pig epidermis was mainly due to the degradation of 14C-labeled phosphatidylcholine. Present results and recent reports by other workers suggest that EGF stimulates phospholipase A2 activity and result in the increased release of AA. PMID- 3919108 TI - Percutaneous absorption of nitroaromatic compounds: in vivo and in vitro studies in the human and monkey. AB - The percutaneous absorption of 2-nitro-p-phenylene-diamine, 4-amino-2 nitrophenol, nitrobenzene, p-nitroaniline, and 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene was measured through human and monkey skin. Human studies were performed with excised skin in diffusion cells. Absorption through monkey skin was measured by in vivo and in vitro techniques. Results were compared with those from previously reported human in vivo studies on 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene and nitrobenzene. Rapid penetration was observed with all compounds, with maximum absorption occurring the first few hours. No significant differences in absorption were found in values obtained by the different procedures except for the highly volatile (and therefore difficult to compare) compound nitrobenzene. A comparison of the human and monkey in vitro data showed a trend toward increased absorption through monkey skin, but the increase was not statistically significant. The monkey in vivo and in vitro results showed that absorption of all compounds except nitrobenzene was slightly less in the in vitro studies; however, the values were not significantly different. The relative volatility of these nitroaromatic compounds was measured by the loss of compound from epidermal discs at various time intervals. The greatest loss of applied material occurred with nitrobenzene; however, substantial amounts of the other compounds were lost, particularly during the first minute after application as the acetone vehicle evaporated. Monkey skin was found to be a good model for human skin for the determination of the percutaneous absorption of these compounds, and in vitro measurements of absorption agreed reasonably well with values obtained by in vivo techniques. A good correlation was not observed between the absorption of these compounds and their solubility properties. PMID- 3919109 TI - Depletion and repopulation of epidermal dendritic cells after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in humans. AB - We have observed marked depletion of epidermal dendritic cells, defined by monoclonal antibodies directed against HLA-DR (Ia-like) and T6 antigens, after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. To more precisely characterize this observation, we examined a total of 39 sequential biopsies from 15 patients both before and after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Profound depletion of HLA-DR and T6-positive epidermal dendritic cells was observed early after transplantation (1-4 weeks), followed by gradual and variable repopulation. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed absence of dendritic cells in selected biopsies. Depletion of dendritic cells did not appear to be related to development of clinical or histologic evidence of graft-versus-host disease, suggesting that depletion may relate to pretransplant conditioning regimens. The rate of return of these cells, however, may be influenced by the presence or persistence of clinical disease. Repopulation of epidermal dendritic cells after initial depletion in bone marrow transplantation represents a human model relevant to studies concerned with the origin and kinetics of Langerhans cells. PMID- 3919110 TI - A new enzyme in the pigment pathway? PMID- 3919111 TI - The social evolution of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. PMID- 3919112 TI - Humoral response to disseminated infection by Mycobacterium avium-Mycobacterium intracellulare in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and hairy cell leukemia. AB - Antibody to Mycobacterium avium-Mycobacterium intracellulare antigen was measured by immunodiffusion, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and indirect immunofluorescence in sera from 30 patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), 10 patients with hairy cell leukemia, and 33 hospitalized and healthy controls. Ten patients with AIDS and three patients with hairy cell leukemia in the study population had disseminated M. avium-M. intracellulare infection. Patients with AIDS and disseminated infection had antimycobacterial antibody levels, demonstrated by ELISA, that did not differ significantly from those in uninfected patients with AIDS or controls. Infected patients with hairy cell leukemia had significantly higher levels of antimycobacterial antibody, demonstrated by ELISA, than did uninfected patients with hairy cell leukemia or controls (P less than .001). One patient with hairy cell leukemia, studied serially, showed a greater than 100-fold rise in antibody titer with the onset of infection. These results further demonstrate that AIDS involves a functional defect in humoral immunity, in addition to impairment of cellular immune function. PMID- 3919114 TI - Studies on the ability of alginate to act as a protective immunogen against infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in animals. AB - Most patients with cystic fibrosis become colonized and infected with mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The major component of the mucoid material has been identified as the polysaccharide alginic acid. The present work was undertaken to determine whether antibody to alginate is protective in a model of chronic lung infection with P. aeruginosa in rats. Bacterial clearance was associated with a rise in titers of antibody to alginate. In a number of animals a rise in antibody titers was not seen, and in fact a decrease was noted at 30 days compared with 10 days. This observation suggested the possibility of immune complex formation due to antigen excess. Evidence for immune complex deposition in tissues was obtained by immunofluorescence studies. Thus antibody to alginate may offer strain dependent protection against chronic lung infection with P. aeruginosa in rats; however, immune complex formation should be considered as a possible consequence of immunization with alginate. PMID- 3919113 TI - Pulmonary disease associated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis: current status of the host-bacterium interaction. PMID- 3919115 TI - IgG proteolytic activity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis. AB - To study how fragmented IgG antibodies might arise within the respiratory secretions of individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF), we screened protease extracts from CF polymorphonuclear leukocytes and mucoid and nonmucoid transformants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from patients with CF for IgG proteolytic activity. All strains of P. aeruginosa tested exhibited IgG proteolytic activity. Incubation for 7 hr at 37 C was required to demonstrate generation of free Fc gamma immunoreactivity. Further analysis of these cleavage products of CF IgG demonstrated generation of Fc gamma polypeptides with 4S sedimentation coefficients and F(ab')2 fragments with 5S coefficients. Bacterial IgG proteolytic activity was inhibited by EDTA and was associated with levels of bacterial elastase exceeding 5 micrograms/mg of total protein. Pseudomonas elastase was significantly more active on IgG1 and IgG3; IgG2 and IgG4 were more resistant. This bacterial exoproduct appears to digest IgG molecules into Fab gamma, F(ab')2 fragments, and a free Fc gamma piece with a molecular weight of 40,000. PMID- 3919116 TI - Non-A, non-B hepatitis: is there more than a single blood-borne strain? AB - Fourteen chimpanzees were challenged with the Hutchinson strain inoculum that has been shown by many workers to produce non-A, non-B (NANB) hepatitis associated with characteristic cytoplasmic ultrastructural changes observable by electron microscopy. Nine of these animals had a history of definite NANB hepatitis induced by seven different human viral isolates; all of these animals resisted rechallenge. The five animals without a history of NANB hepatitis all developed definite histological changes associated with NANB hepatitis after challenge. Homologous rechallenge with a 100-fold higher infectivity titer was carried out in five of the nine chimpanzees. Cytoplasmic ultrastructural changes developed after challenge in two of these animals; the remaining three had evidence of possible mild reinfection on the basis of liver histopathology or mild elevations of transaminase or both. We conclude that most, if not all, blood-borne NANB isolates belong to a single class of agents and that this virus produces immunity to rechallenge, but this immunity may be overwhelmed by high-dose inocula. PMID- 3919117 TI - Neisserial antigen H.8 is immunogenic in patients with disseminated gonococcal and meningococcal infections. AB - Antigenic diversity among and within strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Neisseria meningitidis has complicated studies of the pathogenesis of these strains and obstructed vaccine development. We previously described a distinct surface antigen (H.8) common to pathogenic Neisseria. We have now demonstrated in vivo expression of the H.8 antigen by detecting antibody responses to the antigen in 13 patients with disseminated neisserial infections. Each serum sample from a convalescent patient blocked the binding between the infecting meningococcal or gonococcal strain and a monoclonal antibody directed to the H.8 antigen, as demonstrated by binding-inhibition studies in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (P less than .005). Testing by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and western blotting demonstrated an IgG response in each convalescent serum to an antigen co-migrating with the H.8 antigen. Specificity of this antibody response was confirmed by probing recombinant bacteriophage that expressed the H.8 antigen. The commonality and the immunogenicity of the H.8 antigen indicate its possible role in the pathogenesis of, and its potential as a vaccine component for, gonococcal and meningococcal diseases. PMID- 3919118 TI - Phagocytosis and killing of Brucella by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. AB - Although cellular immunity involving activated macrophages is important in resistance to Brucella, serum factors and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs) play some role in the initial response to infection. The interaction between human PMNLs and virulent and attenuated strains of Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis was studied by in vitro techniques. Virulent and attenuated strains of both species were rapidly phagocytosed after opsonization with normal human serum (NHS); nonopsonized bacteria were not phagocytosed. In contrast, NHS devoid of detectable antibodies was bactericidal for strains of B. abortus but not of B. melitensis. In addition, intracellular killing of ingested bacteria was shown for virulent B. abortus but not for B. melitensis. Ultrastructural studies revealed morphological alterations in about one-half of phagocytosed B. abortus and B. melitensis after incubation for 10 min; thereafter, nearly 100% of B. abortus showed some degree of degeneration, whereas B. melitensis remained intact during 120 min of observation. PMID- 3919119 TI - Differential effects of iron on the growth of Listeria monocytogenes: minimum requirements and mechanism of acquisition. AB - The differential effects of iron on the growth of virulent and avirulent Listeria monocytogenes were examined. We found that virulent strains exhibited faster rates of growth as a function of iron than did the avirulent strains. We also noted that serum was microbiostatic, but this microbiostasis was overcome either by saturating the serum transferrin with iron or by increasing the number of organisms initially inoculated into the serum. We were unable to identify any component of a high-affinity iron transport system. We did find, however, that this microorganism removes iron from Fe -transferrin-CO3-- by a reductive pathway, and we propose that this pathway is a nonspecific mechanism of iron acquisition. PMID- 3919120 TI - [Effects of delivery positions on the onset of first cry and umbilical blood gas parameters]. AB - Physiological evaluation of sitting delivery position has not been well demonstrated. We measured the duration of 'the first cry occurrence time' both in supine (n = 54) and in sitting (n = 128) delivery positions. Umbilical blood gas analysis data were obtained from 130 pregnant women in sitting and 50 in supine delivery positions. To elucidate the mechanism of fetal blood gas differences due to posture, we also analyzed the maternal arterial blood gas during delivery (n = 145) and prior to labor (n = 100) in both positions. The first cry occurrence time was significantly shorter (p less than 0.01) in the sitting group. A weak negative correlation (r = -0.355, p less than 0.01) was found between the umbilical pH and the first cry occurrence time. Blood gas values for the umbilical vein and artery in the sitting group were significantly higher in pH, Po2, BE and Sao2, and lower in Pco2. Maternal blood gas values not only at delivery but also before labor did not elicit any significant differences between the two groups. It is suggested that the infants who have a high pH in their umbilical vessels cry sooner than those with a low pH. The cause of umbilical blood gas improvements induced by sitting delivery position is not directly due to the maternal blood gas difference, but may be mediated through other factors. PMID- 3919121 TI - Intrasplenic grafting of 7,12-dimethylbenz (a) anthracene-treated ovarian piece. AB - Immediately after a direct application of a chemical carcinogen, 7,12 dimethylbenz (a) anthracene (DMBA), the ovarian piece containing DMBA was implanted into the spleen of Wistar strain rats with or without gonadectomy. Six months after these treatments, an intrasplenic neoplasm was found in four of nine gonadectomized rats and in two of ten rats without castration. The volume of the induced tumor in the former group was 1.85 cm3 in average and that in the latter was 0.25 cm3. Histologic examination indicated that all of the induced tumors were not in the sex cord-stromal category, but adenocarcinomas. No morphological differences between the tumors in the castrated group and those in the noncastrated group could be detected by light microscopy. From the difference in the volume and the incidence of the induced tumors in the two groups, it appears that the hyperstimulation of the pituitary gonadotropins in the castrated rats promoted the tumorigenic process of the induced 'epithelial' ovarian cancer caused by the DMBA application to the grafted ovarian pieces. PMID- 3919122 TI - [Serum hormone level and Kupperman menopausal complaints in sexually mature women with disturbance of ovulation]. AB - In 103 sexually mature women with disturbance of ovulation, a possible relationship between Kupperman menopausal complaints and endocrinological status was investigated to find the cause of climacteric syndrome. The Kupperman index was increased as the disturbance of ovulation was advanced from the stage of anovulatory cycle to amenorrhea I and further to amenorrhea II. In parallel with the advance in disturbance of ovulation, serum FSH and LH levels rose significantly, and serum estrone (E1) and estradiol (E2) levels dropped. Prolactin (PRL) showed a tendency to decrease. There were some hormonal patterns characteristic of individual complaints; hot flush was associated with increased FSH and LH, and decreased E1 and E2; difficulty in falling asleep, excitability, and fatigability, with increased FSH and LH, and decreased E2; nervousness, with increased LH and decreased E2; headache, with increased LH and PRL, and decreased E2; feeling of cold, with decreased E2 and PRL; and numbness and shoulder stiffness, with decreased E2. In sexually mature women, the complaints associated with abnormal levels of two or more kinds of hormones seemed to be most specifically related with decreased E2, followed by increased LH. Fatigability and headache developed specifically in the ovulatory phase of women with normal menstrual cycles (105 subjects), suggesting that these two complaints are closely related to increased LH. These results indicate that the majority of Kupperman menopausal complaints have their individually specific endocrinological cause, and that they may develop even in sexually mature women if those specific conditions exist. In climacteric syndrome in a narrow sense (i.e., dysautonomic type), each complaint may also have its specific endocrinological cause. PMID- 3919123 TI - [Correlation of prolactin-secreting-capacity to circadian profile of prolactin in euprolactinemic women with ovulatory disturbances]. AB - Circadian profile and responsiveness of prolactin to TRH administration were examined in 21 women with ovulatory disturbances. The data were analyzed with reference to the clinical effectiveness of bromocriptine administration. Resting levels of serum prolactin in the patients studied were lower than 25 ng/ml. 14 patients out of 16 cases (Group A) responded to bromocriptine, whose prolactin levels were more than 30 ng/ml during the night in the circadian studies. On the other hand, none of 5 patient (group B) responded to bromocriptine, whose prolactin levels were not more than 30 ng/ml during the night. Group A showed hyper-responsiveness of prolactin to TRH higher than that of Group B. These results suggested that 1) In euprolactinemic ovulatory disturbances there are cases with nocturnal hyperprolactinemia, whose prolactin levels are normal during the day time. These cases will be referred to as occult hyperprolactinemia. 2) Those with occult hyperprolactinemia show increased prolactin-secreting-capacity, which is able to be diagnosed by the hyper-responsiveness of prolactin to TRH administration. 3) The effectiveness of bromocriptine in treating euprolactinemic ovulatory disturbances is due to the suppressive effect of bromocriptine on the hyperprolactinemic states of occult hyperprolactinemia. PMID- 3919124 TI - Urinary C-peptide measurements in patients receiving continuous and cyclic total parenteral nutrition. AB - Urinary C-peptide excretion has been found to be an accurate index of insulin secretion under a variety of physiologic conditions, such as acute starvation and exercise, and after oral and intravenous glucose administration. We investigated urinary C-peptide responses in a group of patients who were receiving all of their nutrient intake by intravenous administration. In these patients receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN), we were able to monitor changes in insulin secretion when the same nutrients were infused at different rates, for example, during cyclic vs. continuous TPN administration, and to observe changes in the insulin secretory response as the pattern of nutrient delivery was altered in the same individual. We found that increasing the TPN infusion rate by 50% during cyclic TPN caused a 65% increase in serum insulin levels over levels observed during continuous TPN administration (93 vs. 60 microU/ml), whereas a 100% increase in the cyclic TPN infusion rate above the continuous TPN rate increased insulin levels by 147% (147 vs. 60 microU/ml). The molar ratio of insulin to C peptide was increased by increasing rates of TPN infusion, from 0.116 during fasting periods to 0.151 during maximum rates of TPN administration. An additional finding of this study is that 24-hour insulin secretion, estimated by urinary C-peptide measurements, was equivalent in all treatments regardless of the pattern of insulin response elicited. PMID- 3919125 TI - The role of the fibrinolytic system in deep vein thrombosis. AB - Some aspects of the function of the fibrinolytic system have been investigated in 37 patients with a recent incident of symptomatic and confirmed deep vein thrombosis and compared with findings in 20 healthy persons. New specific methods to measure tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) activity and antigen before and after venous occlusion and the recently discovered fast inhibitor to t-PA were employed. Thirteen of the patients with deep vein thrombosis (35%) had t-PA activity less than 0.5 IU/ml after venous occlusion, whereas the lowest activity found among the healthy individuals was 0.56 IU/ml. The t-PA inhibitor level in the total patient group was 3.8 +/- 3.7 U/ml (range 0 to 15.0 U/ml; median 2.9 U/ml) as compared with 0.7 +/- 0.7 U/ml in the healthy (median 0.5, range 0 to 2.4 U/ml). In the 13 patients with low t-PA activity in postocclusion plasma samples the inhibitor level was 6.0 +/- 4.4 U/ml. Furthermore, in this group of patients a significantly lesser release of t-PA antigen (3.7 +/- 2.8 micrograms/L) was found as compared with that in the healthy individuals (9.5 +/- 6.0 micrograms/L). Thus, two months after their first incident of symptomatic deep vein thrombosis many of the patients (35%) were found to have decreased fibrinolytic activity. This is the result of highly increased plasma levels of a novel fast inhibitor toward t-PA in combination with a poor ability to release t PA. Possibly the decreased fibrinolytic activity did play a role in the pathogenesis of deep vein thrombosis in these patients. PMID- 3919127 TI - Comparison of endoscopic diathermy and resection in the surgical treatment of pharyngeal diverticula. PMID- 3919126 TI - Biosynthesis of plasminogen by the perfused rat liver. AB - We investigated synthesis of plasminogen by the isolated rat liver perfused in vitro for 10 hours. Studies were performed under basal conditions as well as under conditions of hormone stimulation known to augment synthesis of acute-phase reactant proteins by the isolated perfused rat liver. In six control perfusions, mean cumulative synthesis of plasminogen after 10 hours of perfusion was 1.61 +/- 0.11 mg/300 cm2 body surface area of the rat liver donor, and in six "acute phase" experiments, mean cumulative synthesis was 1.55 +/- 0.07 mg. When cycloheximide was added to the liver perfusate at the outset to inhibit protein synthesis, production of plasminogen was greatly reduced. Synthesis of fibrinogen in these same perfusions was characteristic of the known acute-phase reactant proteins. In control perfusions, 68.85 +/- 6.19 mg fibrinogen was produced in 10 hours compared with 106.20 +/- 6.93 mg in acute-phase perfusions. These studies indicate substantial synthesis of plasminogen by the isolated perfused rat liver, but suggest that synthesis of this protein is not affected by those conditions that enhance synthesis of known acute-phase reactant proteins. PMID- 3919128 TI - Carcinomatous changes in pharyngeal diverticula. AB - This paper presents a 10-year review of 70 patients treated for pharyngeal diverticula at Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester. The presenting symptoms, diagnosis and the different methods used to treat them are discussed. The incidence of carcinomatous changes occurring in these pouches is noted and three such cases are documented. PMID- 3919129 TI - Tracheopathia osteoplastica in the larynx. AB - Reports of tracheopathia osteoplastica localized to the larynx are few. Such a rare case is reported in a 66-year-old male with life-long symptoms resulting in tracheotomy and resection of some of the osteoplastic tissue. A review of the disease and a discussion about aetiology are described. PMID- 3919130 TI - The strain of mouse and assay conditions influence whether MuIFN-gamma primes or activates macrophages for tumor cell killing. AB - Investigators from two different laboratories have compared several variables in the short-term macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity assays used by each group to study the role of MuIFN-gamma in macrophage activation. The findings suggest that the capacity of MuIFN-gamma to activate macrophages without the need for a second triggering stimulus is related to assay conditions and, most especially, the strain of mouse used to provide the macrophages. PMID- 3919131 TI - Distribution of apolipoproteins A-I and B among intestinal lipoproteins. AB - Chylomicrons and very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) are produced by the intestine and these nascent particles are thought to be similar to their counterparts in intestinal lymph. To study the relationship between these lipoproteins within the cell and those secreted into the lamina propria and lymph, we have isolated enterocytes, lamina propria, and mesenteric lymph from rats while fasted and after corn oil feeding. Apolipoprotein A-I and B content were measured by radioimmunoassay in cell, lamina propria, and lymph fractions separated by Sepharose 6B and 10% agarose chromatography, and by KBr isopycnic density centrifugation. ApoA-I in the cell and the underlying lamina propria was found partly in those fractions in which chylomicron and very low density lipoproteins (chylo-VLDL) and high density lipoproteins (HDL) elute, but more abundantly where unassociated 125I-labeled apoA-I was eluted. In the lymph, however, 74% of apoA-I eluted in the HDL region and no peak of free apoA-I was found. ApoB and apoC-III within the enterocyte were found distributed in the position of particles eluting not only with chylomicrons and VLDL, but also in the regions corresponding to LDL and HDL. In the lamina propria and lymph, on the other hand, most of the apoB was found in the region of VLDL and chylomicrons. These results indicate that the patterns in lymph lipoproteins and the lamina propria do not exactly mirror the distribution of apoA-I and B among lipoproteins inside the cell. This may be because intracellular apoproteins may be unassociated with lipoproteins, or they could be associated with lipoproteins in various stages of assembly of protein with lipids. Furthermore, the apoprotein composition of intestinal lipoproteins is altered after secretion from the enterocyte. Finally, not all apoproteins seem to be secreted in association with identifiable lipoprotein particles from the enterocyte. PMID- 3919132 TI - Subcellular localization of the phospholipases A of rat heart: evidence for a cytosolic phospholipase A1. AB - During myocardial ischemia increased levels of lysoglycerophospholipids have been reported which may be deleterious to myocardial function. Phospholipases are presumed to be important in the regulation of this process. To further quantify and characterize the activity of heart phospholipases, we carried out a systematic analysis of phospholipase A activity in rat heart subcellular fractions isolated by the method of Palmer et al. (J. Biol. Chem. 1972. 262: 8731 8739). Neutral phospholipase A was recovered predominately in the cytosolic (soluble) fraction which represented 46% of recovered activity, while the microsomal and subsarcolemmal mitochondrial fractions represented 15% and 12% of the total recovered activity, respectively. Cytosolic phospholipase A differed from the two principal membrane-bound phospholipases A in its pH dependence and apparent Km for substrate. The cytosolic enzyme had a Km (apparent) for dioleoylphosphatidylcholine of 0.07 mM versus 0.28-0.33 mM for the membrane associated phospholipases A. Acid phospholipase A activity had a subcellular distribution consistent with a lysosomal localization. Lysophospholipase was found principally in the cytosolic, microsomal, and the subsarcolemmal and interfibrillar mitochondrial fractions where it represented 46, 17, 6.3, and 6.9% of the recovered activity, respectively. The positional specificity of the respective phospholipases was assessed. This analysis was complicated by the fact that in heart, lysophospholipase has an observed Vmax 3.6- to 4.5-fold greater than that of phospholipase A in the various subcellular fractions. Equations were derived to obtain corrected values for the activity of phospholipases A1 and A2. Using this method we found that the cytosolic and lysosomal fractions contained phospholipase A1, while the mitochondrial fractions contained primarily phospholipase A2. In heart microsomes, the positional specificity of phospholipase A could not be determined because lysophospholipase activity was very high and lysophosphatidylcholine did not accumulate. PMID- 3919133 TI - Distribution of apolipoprotein A-IV in human plasma. AB - Human apoA-IV was purified from delipidated urinary chylomicrons. Monospecific antibodies were raised in rabbits and used to develop a double antibody radioimmunoassay (RIA). Displacement of 125I-labeled apoA-IV by plasma or purified chylomicron apoA-IV resulted in parallel displacement curves, indicating that apoA-IV from both sources share common antigenic determinants. The apoA-IV level in plasma from normal healthy fasting male subjects (n = 5) was 37.4 +/- 4.0 mg/dl, while fat-feeding increased the level to 49.1 +/- 7.9 mg/dl (P less than 0.05) at 4 hr. The apoA-IV level in plasma from abetalipoproteinemic fasting subjects was 13.7 +/- 3.1 mg/dl (n = 5). Plasma from a single fasting Tangier subject showed a reduced apoA-IV level of 21.1 mg/dl. The distribution of apoA-IV in fasting and postprandial plasma was determined by 6% agarose gel chromatography. Fifteen to 25% of plasma apoA-IV eluted in the region of plasma high density lipoprotein (HDL), with the remainder eluting in subsequent column fractions. In abetalipoproteinemic plasma this HDL fraction is reduced and lacks apoA-IV, suggesting that at least some of the apoA-IV on these particles is normally derived from triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. Lipemic plasma from a fat fed subject showed a small rise (3%) in chylomicron-associated apoA-IV. Gel filtered HDL and subsequent apoA-IV-containing fractions were subjected to 4-30% polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis (4/30 GGE), and apoA-IV was identified by immunolocalization following transfer of proteins to nitrocellulose paper. In normal plasma apoA-IV was localized throughout all HDL fractions. In addition, normal plasma contained apoA-IV localized in a small particle (diameter 7.8-8.0 nm). This particle also contained apoA-I and lipid. A markedly elevated saturated to unsaturated cholesteryl ester ratio was present in gel-filtered plasma fractions containing small HDL, suggesting an intracellular origin of these particles. In abetalipoproteinemic plasma apoA-IV was absent from all HDL fractions except for the small HDL particles, suggesting that they are not derived from the surface of triglyceride-rich particles. All plasmas contained free apoA-IV. In contrast to gel-filtered plasma, lipoprotein subfractions of fasted normal plasma prepared in the ultracentrifuge primarily contained apoA-IV in the d greater than 1.26 g/ml fraction, suggesting an artifactual redistribution of the apolipoprotein during centrifugation. Overall, these data suggest that apoA-IV secretion into plasma is increased with fat feeding, and that apoA-IV normally exists as both a free apolipoprotein and in association with HDL particles. PMID- 3919134 TI - Restoration of prostacyclin synthase in vascular smooth muscle cells after aspirin treatment: regulation by epidermal growth factor. AB - Prostacyclin is a potent vasodilator and inhibitor of platelet aggregation and plays an important role in maintenance of vascular homeostasis. Aspirin irreversibly inactivates prostacyclin synthetase by acetylating the enzyme. Recovery of the enzyme following inactivation by aspirin was studied in rat aorta smooth muscle cells in tissue culture. Confluent cultures superfused with [14C]arachidonic acid, synthesized prostacyclin (PGI2) together with prostaglandins E2, D2, and F2 alpha. Brief treatment with physiological levels of aspirin (0.2 mM) completely inactivated prostacyclin synthesis. Following aspirin removal and addition of fresh growth medium, PGI2 synthesis recovered rapidly with a T 1/2 of only 30-40 min, compared to a doubling time of 24-30 hr for the cells. Recovery of PGE2, PGD2, and PGF2a synthesis paralleled that of PGI2, confirming that cyclooxygenase rather than endoperoxide-prostacyclin isomerase was the labile component. Recovery of PGE2 synthesis after aspirin was blocked by cycloheximide but not by actinomycin D. Recovery of aspirin-inactivated cells required a non-dialyzable component present in serum. All samples tested, including fetal bovine, new-born calf, human, and guinea pig, showed the activity. Fresh serum also induced a cycloheximide-sensitive 2- to 3-fold increase in cyclooxygenase levels in resting confluent cells within 1 to 2 hr. Serum factor was also required to restore PG synthesis after aspirin-inactivation in other cells, including 3T3 mouse fibroblasts, SV40-3T3 and K-Balb 3T3 transformed mouse fibroblasts, NRK rat kidney cells, and REF-9 rat embryonic fibroblasts. The activity was thermolabile, and was completely removed from the medium by growing cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3919136 TI - Management of intracranial arteriovenous malformations. PMID- 3919135 TI - Alteration of high density lipoprotein subfraction distribution with induction of serum amyloid A protein (SAA) in the nonhuman primate. AB - Overnight chair restraint results in a dramatic increase in serum amyloid A protein (apoSAA) of nonhuman primate high density lipoprotein (HDL). To determine whether apoSAA induction resulted in a displacement of indigenous HDL protein or a change in the subfraction distribution of HDL, we analyzed the characteristics of HDL subfractions in eight vervet monkeys before and 24 hr after apoSAA induction. Blood was taken from each animal before and after chair restraint to induce apoSAA. HDL was isolated from the plasma by ultracentrifugation and agarose column chromatography. The isolated HDL was subfractionated by density gradient centrifugation and five resulting subfractions were analyzed for protein and lipid content. With apoSAA induction there was a significant increase in d less than 1.09 g/ml protein, phospholipid, and free and esterified cholesterol which resulted in a 44% increase in the total mass of this subfraction. Concomitantly, there was a significant decrease in d 1.10-1.11 g/ml protein, total cholesterol, and cholesteryl ester, which resulted in a 16% decrease in the total mass of the subfraction. The response of the d 1.10-1.11 and d greater than 1.12 g/ml subfraction protein, cholesterol, and phospholipid concentrations to chair restraint for individual animals was directly proportional to their plasma HDL concentrations. Although there was a change in the HDL subfraction concentrations after chair restraint, there was no change in the lipid composition of the HDL subfractions nor in the total amount of HDL protein. However, the apoSAA/A-I ratio was significantly increased with induction while the apoA-II + C's/A-I ratio remained unchanged. The apoSAA/A-I ratio progressively increased with the density of the HDL subfraction. The protein composition of the d greater than 1.12 g/ml subfraction was changed from an average of three apoA-I and two apoA-II (or C's) molecules per particle to an average of two apoA-I, one apoA-II (or C's), and three or four apoSAA molecules per particle after chair restraint. Thus, apoSAA was predominantly associated with the denser HDL subfractions even though the lighter HDL subfractions were the most responsive in terms of changes in concentration. These data suggest that chair restraint of nonhuman primates induces apoSAA which displaces apoA-I and apoA-II or C's from HDL without altering the overall lipid and protein composition of the particle. In addition, chair restraint alters the concentration of HDL subfractions in ways that may be independent of apoSAA induction. PMID- 3919137 TI - Administration of synthetic human pancreatic growth hormone-releasing factor for five days sustains raised serum concentrations of growth hormone in steers. AB - Serum GH concentrations in steers were examined during extended treatment with synthetic GH-releasing factor(1-44)NH2 (GRF). The results indicate that GRF given as frequent microinjections stimulate and sustain raised serum GH concentrations for at least 5 days in steers. The GH secretory pattern remained episodic and was characterized by a significant increase in the amplitude of the GH pulses without a change in the number of GH pulses per day. In the first of two experiments, young Holstein steers received 0, 0.05, 0.5 or 5.0 mg GRF during a 24-h period as microinjections every 3.75 min. The 5.0 mg GRF/24h dose significantly increased baseline GH, amplitude of GH pulses and area under the GH curve compared with the other treatments. The number of GH pulses/24 h was similar for all doses of GRF. In a second experiment with Holstein steers, administration of 3.6 mg GRF/day for 5 days increased serum GH concentrations throughout the duration of the treatment without altering the temporal GH secretory pattern. The GH response to GRF did not diminish from days 1 to 5 of treatment suggesting that there was no pituitary desensitization. PMID- 3919138 TI - Preliminary report on the effect of the CO2 laser beam on the dental pulp of the Macaca mulatta primate and the beagle dog. PMID- 3919139 TI - Characterization of an epibody. An antiidiotype that reacts with both the idiotype of rheumatoid factors (RF) and the antigen recognized by RF. AB - Recently, an antiidiotype to human monoclonal IgM anti-IgG autoantibodies (rheumatoid factors) was found to react also with human IgG. This peculiar antiidiotype was called an 'epibody'. We describe the induction of a similar epibody by immunization with a synthetic peptide (corresponding to one hypervariable region of the IgM-RF Glo). The results confirm the existence of epibodies, and provide the possible molecular basis of the epibody phenomenon. PMID- 3919140 TI - Differential expression of H-2Dd and H-2Ld histocompatibility antigens. AB - To determine why the H-2Dd antigen is expressed on the surface of transfected cells at a rate several-fold higher than an analogously transfected H-2Ld molecule, we analyzed both previously described and new H-2 hybrid genes. These genes were constructed by exchanging domains between H-2 genes. Quantitative radioimmunoassay indicates that the region of the H-2Dd molecule responsible for its enhanced expression resides in the polymorphic N domain, the first domain of the mature class I molecule. PMID- 3919141 TI - Successful treatment of autoimmunity in NZB/NZW F1 mice with monoclonal antibody to L3T4. AB - Autoimmune NZB/NZW mice were treated with weekly injections of monoclonal antibody (mAb) to L3T4, an antigen expressed on a distinct subpopulation of T cells that respond to class II major histocompatibility antigens. Treatment with anti-L3T4 depleted circulating target cells, reduced autoantibody production, retarded renal disease, and prolonged life relative to control mice treated either with saline or with purified nonimmune rat IgG. These findings establish that autoimmune disease in NZB/NZW mice is regulated by T cells. In contrast to mice treated with nonimmune rat IgG, mice treated with rat anti-L3T4 mAb developed little or no antibody to rat Ig. Thus, the benefits of treatment with anti-L3T4 were achieved while minimizing the risks associated with a host immune response to therapy. This study raises the possibility that treatment with mAb against Leu-3/T4, the human homologue for L3T4 might be effective in the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases in people. PMID- 3919142 TI - Gene for the human T cell differentiation antigen Leu-2/T8 is closely linked to the kappa light chain locus on chromosome 2. AB - We have mapped the gene encoding the T cell differentiation antigen Leu-2/T8 to human chromosome 2 by hybridization of a Leu-2/T8 complementary DNA clone to DNA from a panel of mouse-human cell hybrids. In situ hybridization further localizes the gene to the 2p1 region in close proximity to the Ig kappa light chain gene. The Leu-2/T8 gene translocates with C kappa to chromosome 8 in a Burkitt lymphoma line carrying a t(2;8) translocation. These data support the hypothesis that Leu 2/T8 is the human homologue of the mouse Lyt-2,3 antigen. PMID- 3919143 TI - Transmembrane signalling by the T cell antigen receptor. Perturbation of the T3 antigen receptor complex generates inositol phosphates and releases calcium ions from intracellular stores. AB - Antibodies against the T3-antigen receptor complex can activate the human T cell line, Jurkat, to produce interleukin 2 (2-5). This activation is initiated by a receptor-mediated increase in the concentration of free cytoplasmic calcium ions [Ca2+]i (3, 4). In this communication, we investigate the mechanism by which the receptor complex increases [Ca2+ )i in Jurkat cells. The initial receptor mediated change in [Ca2+]i can occur when extracellular Ca2+ is depleted by EGTA. Perturbation of the T cell antigen receptor, therefore, generates a signal which mobilizes Ca2+ from intracellular stores. As inositol trisphosphate appears to function as such a signal for certain hormone receptors, we measured the levels of inositol trisphosphate and of the other inositol phosphate compounds in Jurkat. Antibodies to either the antigen receptor heterodimer or T3 determinants result in marked elevations of all three inositol phosphates. These changes in inositol phosphates are not secondary to the receptor-mediated increases in [Ca2+]i as demonstrated by the inability of the Ca2+ ionophore, ionomycin, to affect the levels of any of these compounds. In concentrations between 0.1 and 1 microM, purified inositol trisphosphate releases Ca2+ from permeabilized Jurkat cells. Taken together, these data indicate that, during activation, perturbation of the T3-antigen receptor complex generates inositol trisphosphate. This compound functions as an intracellular signal to release Ca2+ from intracellular stores, leading to increases in [Ca2+]i. PMID- 3919145 TI - Blocks to polyspermy in Chaetopterus. AB - Blocks to polyspermy may act either at the level of the egg plasma membrane to prevent gamete fusion or at the level of egg surface coats to prevent gamete attachment. The present study was undertaken to determine what type(s) of block(s) to polyspermy exist in Chaetopterus. The results showed the existence of both types. A rapid block acts at the plasma membrane level based on independence from detectable changes in the vitelline layer and is dependent on external sodium ions. A vitelline layer block had been predicted on morphological evidence and is supported here by demonstrating an increase in polyspermy following chemical disruption of the vitelline layer. However, the vitelline layer of the fertilized egg retained its ability to initiate the acrosome reaction in sperm and attach sperm which had undergone the acrosome reaction. The vitelline layer block resulted from the retraction of egg microvilli from the vitelline layer, and not from elevation of the vitelline layer per se. Thus the vitelline layer of the fertilized egg could be involved in preventing sperm penetration into the egg without being altered structurally or functionally. PMID- 3919144 TI - Major histocompatibility complex-restricted antigen receptor on T cells. VIII. Role of the LFA-1 molecule. AB - We show that the LFA-1 molecule on T cells does not play a role in the stimulation of T cell hybridomas by certain targets, namely antigen presented by L cell derivatives or polyvalent anti-receptor antibody. These results suggest that LFA-1 may act by binding to ligands that are not present on all cells. We hope this result will help us and others to establish the true role of LFA-1 in T cell responses. PMID- 3919146 TI - Amino acid metabolism in euryhaline bivalves: regulation of glycine accumulation in ribbed mussel gills. AB - Glycine levels in isolated ribbed mussel (Modiolus demissus) gill tissue increased slightly and decreased markedly when incubated at high and low salinities, respectively. Low levels of the enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of serine from triose phosphate intermediates, the serine hydroxymethyltransferase, and serine dehydrase were detected in gill tissue homogenates. Experiments using gill tissue incubated with (U-14C)-glycine and (U 14C)-serine indicated interconversion between serine and glycine and transfer of label to alanine, asparate, glutamate, CO2, organic acids, and protein. Glyoxylate was metabolized more slowly than glycine and was probably converted to glycine for catabolism. Studies using (1-14C)-glycine and (2-14C)-glycine with isolated gill tissue and mitochondria indicated that the mitochondrial glycine cleavage enzyme was the major route of glycine catabolism. Metabolic controls activating or inhibiting the glycine cleavage enzyme regulate tissue glycine accumulation and catabolism during hypersalinity or hyposalinity stress. PMID- 3919147 TI - Development of sucrase in the chick small intestine. AB - Development of sucrase in the chick small intestine was studied biochemically and immunologically using antiserum prepared against purified chick intestinal sucrase. Sucrase activity was first detectable at 10 days of incubation and increased with age. After a transient drop at 20 days, the activity rapidly increased to the adult level. Immunodiffusion and polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic studies suggested that the sucrase of the embryonic and hatched chick intestines was identical except for a difference in the content of sialic acids. In immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy, sucrase was found to appear on the luminal surface of epithelial cells at 8-10 days of incubation, soon after the start of morphological differentiation from an undifferentiated thick epithelium to a thin simple epithelium. PMID- 3919148 TI - Effects of exposing Drosophila melanogaster parents to ethanol on expression of vestigial in their progeny. AB - When parental Drosophila melanogaster were chronically exposed at 28 degrees C or 24 degrees C to ethanol during their larval and pupal stages of development, their progeny, produced when parents were 5-16-day-old adults, showed modified expression of vestigial alleles in heterozygous and homozygous combinations. Parental alcohol effects were dependent on parental rearing temperature. We conclude that parental environment (alcohol, temperature) causes heritable but transitory changes in progeny phenotype that are elicited by exposure of germ cells to alcohol. PMID- 3919149 TI - Respiratory syncytial virus polypeptides. IV. The oligosaccharides of the glycoproteins. AB - The cell-associated glycoproteins of respiratory syncytial (RS) virus included GP1 (90K), VP70 (70K), VGP48 (48K) and GP26 (26K). Although present in infected cells, there was no VP70 in purified virus. Trypsin treatment of infected cells removed 80 to 90% of VP70 as well as its products VGP48 and GP26. This suggested that most of the VP70 in the cell is located on the plasma membrane. The glycoproteins of purified RS virus (GP1, VGP48 and GP26) contain mannose, galactose and fucose as well as glucosamine, but the quantity of mannose in GP1 is low when compared to that of the other three sugars. The effects that follow the treatment of infected cells with the glycosylation inhibitors tunicamycin and monensin, and the treatment of the immunoprecipitated product of pulse-chase experiments with endonuclease H demonstrated that VP70 and its products contained N-linked oligosaccharides, and that the oligosaccharides of the mature VGP48 subunit were of the complex type, while GP1 contained both N- and O-linked oligosaccharides. The non-glycosylated forms of VP70 and GP1 have estimated mol. wt. of 50K and 33K respectively. Therefore, the carbohydrate contribution to the mol. wt. of VP70 and GP1, as determined by PAGE, was equivalent to 20K for the former and 57K for the latter. The majority of the GP1 oligosaccharides were O linked, a form of sugar linkage not previously found among paramyxoviruses. PMID- 3919150 TI - Effect of Borna disease virus infection on athymic rats. AB - Homozygous athymic nude rats (rnu/rnu) infected intracerebrally with Borna disease virus produced relatively high titres of infectious virus in the central nervous system. However, no clinical signs of disease or pathological alterations could be found during a 100 day observation period. In contrast, heterozygous euthymic albino littermates (rnu/+), which were used as controls, reacted in a similar manner to immunocompetent Lewis rats. They developed behavioural alterations which coincided with encephalitis and retinitis. The results obtained confirm our previous concept that the genesis of Borna disease, at least in rats, is attributed to a cellular immune response. PMID- 3919151 TI - Ca2+, calmodulin-dependent regulation of microtubule formation via phosphorylation of microtubule-associated protein 2, tau factor, and tubulin, and comparison with the cyclic AMP-dependent phosphorylation. AB - Isolated microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2), tau factor, and tubulin were phosphorylated by a purified Ca2+, calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (640K enzyme) from rat brain. The phosphorylation of MAP2 and tau factor separately induced the inhibition of microtubule assembly, in accordance with the degree. Tubulin phosphorylation by the 640K enzyme induced the inhibition of microtubule assembly, whereas the effect of tubulin phosphorylation by the catalytic subunit was undetectable. The effects of tubulin and MAPs phosphorylation on microtubule assembly were greater than that of either tubulin or MAPs phosphorylation. Because MAP2, tau factor, and tubulin were also phosphorylated by the catalytic subunit of type-II cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase from rat brain, the kinetic properties and phosphorylation sites were compared. The amount of phosphate incorporated into each microtubule protein was three to five times higher by the 640K enzyme than by the catalytic subunit. The Km values of the 640K enzyme for microtubule proteins were four to 24 times lower than those of the catalytic subunit. The peptide mapping analysis showed that the 640K enzyme and the catalytic subunit incorporated phosphate into different sites on MAP2, tau factor, and tubulin. Investigation of phosphoamino acids revealed that only the seryl residue was phosphorylated by the catalytic subunit, whereas both seryl and threonyl residues were phosphorylated by the 640K enzyme. These data suggest that the Ca2+, calmodulin system via phosphorylation of MAP2, tau factor, and tubulin by the 640K enzyme is more effective than the cyclic AMP system on the regulation of microtubule assembly. PMID- 3919153 TI - Glycosaminoglycans of rat cerebellum: I. Quantitative analysis of the main constituents at postnatal day 6. AB - Isolated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) were quantified biochemically in the cerebella of 6-day-old rats. 14C-Labeled hyaluronic acid (HA) and chondroitin-4-sulfate (C 4-S), added prior to isolation of GAGs from tissue, served as internal standards to allow correction for unknown losses during the purification procedure and exact quantification of GAGs in the intact tissue. Three main constituents--HA, chondroitin sulfate (CS), and heparan sulfate (HS)--were found at concentrations of 1.82, 1.52, and 0.76 micrograms/mg protein amounting to 44%, 37%, and 19% of the total GAG fraction, respectively. Incorporation of [3H]glucosamine precursor into GAGs was higher for HS (56% of incorporated precursor) and lower for HA (29%) and CS (15%). The specific activities of individual GAGs were 64.7 nCi/micrograms for HS, 14.2 for HA, and 8.3 for CS. PMID- 3919152 TI - Effect of light on the metabolism of lipids in the rat retina. AB - The effect of light on the in vitro incorporation of a variety of radioactive precursors into glycerolipids was tested in isolated retinas of albino rats. There was an increase in the incorporation of [2-3H]myo-inositol, 32Pi, [2 3H]glycerol, and [methyl-3H]choline into retinal phospholipids in light compared to that in darkness. [2-3H]myo-Inositol was incorporated primarily into phosphatidylinositol. 32Pi was incorporated primarily into the phosphoinositides, although there were significant increases in the specific activities of all retinal phospholipids in light compared to those in darkness. Likewise, [2 3H]glycerol incorporation into all retinal phospholipids and diglycerides was greater in light than in the dark. There was no effect of light on the incorporation of [2-3H]ethanolamine into phosphatidylethanolamine or of [3 3H]serine into phosphatidylserine, although these phospholipids were labeled to a greater extent in light with [2-3H]glycerol. There was no effect of light on the incorporation of [3H]palmitic acid into diglycerides and phospholipids, with the exception of phosphatidylinositol. Light also had no effect on the uptake of [2 3H]glycerol, [2-3H]inositol, or [methyl-3H]choline into the retina. We conclude from these studies that light stimulates the phosphoinositide effect in the rat retina. Although some of the results are consistent with a stimulation of de novo synthesis of all lipid classes, our studies with [3H]palmitate, [2 3H]ethanolamine, and [3-3H]serine do not support this conclusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3919154 TI - Purification of astroprotein (astrocyte-specific cerebroprotein) by reversed phase C-1 HPLC. AB - A method for purification of astroprotein (an astrocyte-specific cerebroprotein) with HPLC is described. A linear gradient from 30 to 70% acetonitrile in 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid (pH 2.2) was applied to the reversed-phase C-1 (particle size 10 micron) column. Cerebroproteins from the crude extract from human glioma were clearly separated by this procedure. Highly purified astroprotein was homogeneous by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and has immunoreactivity to antiserum against astroprotein. Reversed-phase C-1 HPLC offers advantages over previously available preparative techniques in the higher purity and better separation time of the products. PMID- 3919155 TI - Ethanol's effects on cortical adenylate cyclase activity. AB - The effects of ethanol on beta-adrenergic receptor-coupled adenylate cyclase (AC) of mouse cerebral cortex were examined. The addition of ethanol (20-500 mM) to incubation mixtures containing cortical membranes demonstrated that ethanol could increase AC activity and potentiate the stimulatory effects of guanylyl imidodiphosphate [Gpp(NH)p] on AC activity. Ethanol increased the rate of activation of AC by guanine nucleotides and concomitantly decreased the EC50 for magnesium required to achieve maximal stimulation of cortical AC. The EC50 values for Gpp(NH)p and isoproterenol stimulation of AC activity were also altered by ethanol. Ethanol was capable of stimulating AC extracted by use of digitonin. The AC activity in the digitonin extract was no longer sensitive to the addition of Gpp(NH)p or NaF, but was still stimulated by ethanol. We propose multiple sites of action for ethanol in stimulating cortical AC activity. These sites include actions at the beta-adrenergic receptor, at the G/F coupling proteins, and at the catalytic unit of cortical AC. Comparison of ethanol's actions on cortical beta receptor coupled AC activity with prior reported actions of ethanol on striatal dopamine (DA)-sensitive AC indicated differential sensitivities of these two AC systems to ethanol. These differences may be determined by specific coupling characteristics of the striatal and cortical AC systems or by differences in the plasma membranes in which striatal and cortical AC systems are located. PMID- 3919156 TI - Characterization of neutral and acidic glycosphingolipids in brains of two patients with GM1 gangliosidosis type 1 and type 2. AB - Brains of two patients with GM1 gangliosidosis type 1 and type 2, together with the age-matched control brains, were analyzed for glycosphingolipids. Six species of neutral glycolipids, eight species of gangliosides, and sulfatide were isolated from the diseased brains and identified. In addition to GM1 ganglioside and its asialo derivative, the diseased brains accumulated considerable amounts of gangliotriaosylceramide and glycolipids belonging to the globo series, the accumulation of which cannot be explained by deficient beta-galactosidase activity in this disease. GM4 ganglioside was detected in the type 2 brain, but not in type 1. As to fatty acid composition of monohexosylceramides and sulfatide in the two diseased brains, stearic acid was more predominant in the type 1 brain than in the type 2 brain. In light of our previous observations on a Tay-Sachs brain and present results, it appears that metabolism of the globo series glycolipids, which is active in normal brain at early infancy but inactive thereafter, remains in brains with GM1 gangliosidosis (types 1 and 2) and Tay Sachs disease, reflecting a disturbance in development of the brain. PMID- 3919157 TI - Selective neurotoxic lesions of descending serotonergic and noradrenergic pathways in the rat. AB - The ability of neurotoxic substances to induce selective lesions of the descending monoaminergic pathways in rats was investigated. Saline, 6 hydroxydopamine, 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine, or 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine were administered into the lumbar subarachnoid space through a chronically indwelling catheter. The lesions were evaluated 2-3 weeks later by in vitro uptake of [3H]noradrenaline and [14C]5-hydroxytryptamine into synaptosomal preparations from the frontal cortex, brainstem, cervical spinal cord, and lumbar spinal cord of each animal. There was no difference in uptake between saline-injected and noncatheterized controls and no significant changes in cortical uptake after any of the treatments (dose range of neurotoxins: 0.6-80 micrograms). In the lumbar spinal cord, 6-hydroxydopamine (5-80 micrograms) reduced the [3H]noradrenaline uptake by approximately 90% with no effects on [14C]5-hydroxytryptamine uptake, whereas 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine reduced the uptake of [14C]5-hydroxytryptamine by 90% (20-80 micrograms). [3H]Noradrenaline uptake was unaffected by lower doses of 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine but fell by 45-55% after 40-80 micrograms. 5,7 Dihydroxytryptamine (10-80 micrograms) reduced [3H]noradrenaline uptake by 90-95% and [14C]5-hydroxytryptamine uptake by approximately 80% (5-80 micrograms) in the lumbar cord. It is concluded that intrathecal administration of suitable doses of neurotoxins may produce extensive selective lesions of descending noradrenergic and serotonergic pathways. PMID- 3919158 TI - Antisera against the indolealkylamines: tryptophan, 5-hydroxytryptophan, 5 hydroxytryptamine, 5-methoxytryptophan, and 5-methoxytryptamine tested by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. AB - Antisera were raised against tryptophan, 5-hydroxytryptophan, 5 hydroxytryptamine, 5-methoxytryptophan, and 5-methoxytryptamine, by conjugating each molecule to bovine serum albumin and to human serum albumin via glutaraldehyde, in such a way as to preserve the original part. Antibody specificity was tested with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. The specificity of each anti-indolealkylamine-glutaraldehyde antibody was established with competition experiments by using an adsorbed immunogenic conjugate and indolealkylamines either free or conjugated with poly-L-lysine. The nonconjugated compounds were poorly recognized. In the same way, the nonreduced conjugates always appeared less immunoreactive than the reduced ones. Calculated from the specificity study of each antiserum, the cross-reactivity ratios were found to be smallest for the most immunoreactive conjugates. Thus, a specific immune response was defined for each compound belonging to the same metabolic pathway. PMID- 3919159 TI - Increased activity of Ca2+-dependent enzymes of membrane lipid metabolism in synaptosomal preparations from ethanol-dependent rats. AB - In synaptosomal fractions of rat brain the activities of phospholipase A2 and the phospholipid base-exchange enzymes are highly dependent on external Ca2+ concentrations. Their activity is inhibited by the presence of 50 mM ethanol in vitro. Administration of ethanol to rats by inhalation causes a progressive increase in the activity of these enzymes in synaptosomal preparations at all Ca2+ concentrations studied. The increased activity of these enzymes persists in preparations from rats undergoing a physical syndrome of withdrawal from ethanol. The addition of ethanol in vitro to preparations from animals that had received ethanol in vivo had no significant effect on enzyme activity. The results are discussed in relation to the possible roles of membrane lipid metabolism and synaptic Ca2+ sensitivity in ethanol tolerance and physical dependence. PMID- 3919160 TI - Ganglioside GM1 does not initiate, but enhances neurite regeneration of nerve growth factor-dependent sensory neurones. AB - An enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay (ELISA) for neurofilament protein was utilised to quantify the effect of exogenous ganglioside on neurite regeneration in cultures of dorsal root ganglion neurones. In contrast to nerve growth factor (NGF), ganglioside GM1 (100 micrograms/ml) failed to support neuronal survival and neurite regeneration as quantified by the ELISA assay and confirmed by morphological criteria. However, the simultaneous presence of GM1 (100 micrograms/ml) and NGF (0.5-5 ng/ml) throughout a 5-day period of culture resulted in an enhancement of previously reported NGF-induced increases in the expression of neurofilament protein. Further, the addition of GM1 (0-200 micrograms/ml) at 48 h in vitro to cultures initially established in the presence of 5 ng/ml NGF substantially increased the subsequent expression of neurofilament protein, this response being both independent of and not potentiated by NGF. The results in the present system suggest that GM1 cannot initiate a programme of neurite regeneration; however, GM1 can enhance this process with the response being secondary to the effect of NGF. PMID- 3919161 TI - Relapse of benign partial epilepsy of children in adulthood: report of a case. PMID- 3919162 TI - Multifocal neuropathy with vasculitis in hypereosinophilic syndrome. An entity or drug-induced effect? AB - A 56-year-old male with a 2-year history of bronchial asthma, together with pulmonary infiltration and marked eosinophilia, developed a subacute multifocal sensorimotor neuropathy. Electrodiagnostic studies demonstrated both multifocal and generalized nerve involvement. Sural nerve and muscle biopsies revealed axonal degeneration with almost complete loss of myelinated fibres, lymphomononuclear vasculitis of interstitial vasa nervorum without eosinophils, and neurogenic atrophy of muscle without angiitis. Although eosinophilia decreased drastically with corticosteroid treatment, neuropathy rapidly progressed to total disability. The patient died from pulmonary embolism 4 months after the onset of neurological signs. Autopsy disclosed vasculitis of epineurial vessels of peripheral nerves and severe axonal neuropathy, particularly of the lower limbs, without vasculitis or other inflammatory lesions in any other organ system, including the lungs. Retrospective analysis revealed that the onset of pulmonary infiltration and eosinophilia coincided with the administration of cromolyn sodium (Intal), which is known to produce PIE syndrome (pulmonary infiltration and eosinophilia), vasculitis and allergic granulomatosis, while multifocal neuropathy with vasculitis appears not to have been reported in connection with this substance. PMID- 3919163 TI - Neoplasia and the erythron. AB - Neoplasms may affect the erythroid system in a variety of ways. By far the most common abnormality associated with neoplastic disorders is anemia. It is important to recognize that there are multiple causes of anemia associated with neoplasms, because therapy of the anemia varies according to the causative mechanism. Less commonly, the paraneoplastic syndrome of erythrocytosis may occur in some patients with neoplasia. More subtle abnormalities of the erythrocytes associated with malignant disease include modification of the RBC membrane, changes in erythrocyte enzymes, and abnormalities in hemoglobin production. Clinical awareness of the multiple effects of neoplasms on the erythron will lead to better patient management and may also improve our understanding of erythropoiesis. PMID- 3919164 TI - Uptake of gallium-67 citrate and [2-3H]deoxyglucose in the tumor model, following chemotherapy and radiotherapy. AB - Uptake of 67Ga and [3H]DG after radiation and chemical therapy was measured in a tumor model. Uptake of both agents in treated viable tumors did not differ significantly from the uptake in viable control tumors. However, when tumors showed, after therapy, partial or complete fibrosis, there was a significant decrease in uptake. Viable tumors showed the whole range of weight response to therapy, and the mean weight of viable tumors did not differ significantly from the mean weight of partially viable tumors. The results indicate that, in the tumor model used in this study, 67Ga and [3H]DG could be used to monitor tumor response to therapy. Tumor weight was not a reliable indicator of the effect of therapy at early stages when the tumor is partially viable. PMID- 3919165 TI - Cost effectiveness of computerization in nursing practice and administration. AB - Are computer systems in nursing cost effective? The question is appropriate for some types of systems, specifically those that are circumscribed and well defined. But most automated systems that impact nursing practice are large and diffuse, and do not lend themselves to cost effectiveness analysis. The author contends that cost benefit analysis is the more appropriate technique. This paper provides definitions of the terms used, and reviews documented examples of each type of evaluation. Nurses should learn when cost effectiveness analysis is appropriate and when it is not. They should also recognize that the more sophisticated a clinical system is in terms of data manipulation/management capabilities, the more expensive it will be, and the harder it will be to assign a dollar value to the benefits that accrue. PMID- 3919166 TI - Decreased prolactin secretion in childhood obesity. AB - Twelve obese patients and 7 control subjects, age and sex matched, whose weights were greater than 200% of ideal weight and 100% of ideal body weight, respectively, underwent intravenous insulin and thyroid releasing hormone (TRH) tests. Serial prolactin growth hormone, insulin, blood sugar, cortisol, glucagon, thyrotropin stimulating hormone, thyroxine, and triiodothyronine were obtained by RIA. Obese patients showed no significant differences from controls in basal and nadir glucose, basal and peak glucagon, cortisol, and thyroid responses to both tests. Basal insulin levels were higher (36 +/- 9.4 vs 10 +/- 2.3 microU/ml, P less than 0.05) and peak growth hormone responses after insulin were lower in the obese group (6.1 +/- 1.1 vs 12.7 +/- 3.7 ng/ml, P less than 0.05) than in controls. Whereas all control subjects had prolactin responses to both tests, five of 12 obese patients had no responses to insulin. Obese patients had lower prolactin responses at 30 minutes after insulin (5.4 +/- 0.7 vs 12.9 +/- 3.7 ng/ml, P less than 0.05) and lower prolactin responses at 60 minutes after TRH (9.9 +/- 1.7 vs 20.4 +/- 5.9 ng/ml, P less than 0.05). Maximum prolactin responses after TRH were lower in obese patients (9.9 +/- 2.0 vs 28.8 +/- 10.9 ng/ml, P less than 0.05). Maximum prolactin responses after insulin were lower in obese patients (6.2 +/- 4.1 vs 28.9 +/- 18.3 ng/ml). Thus prolactin secretion in childhood obesity is decreased after both stimuli, but more so after IV insulin that TRH, and suggests that, as in adult hypothalamic obesity, neuroendocrine regulation of prolactin release in obese children is impaired. PMID- 3919167 TI - Ontogeny modifies manifestations of cystinuria genes: implications for counseling. AB - Among 339,868 newborn infants screened at 3 weeks of age (91% compliance rate), 730 had elevated rates of excretion of cystine and the dibasic amino acids lysine, ornithine, and arginine; 191 infants had persistent "infantile cystinuria" on follow-up screening (100% compliance). Apparent incidence of the phenotype was 562 per million infants; this rate is seven times higher than for classic cystinuria in the adult segment of the Quebec population. We studied longitudinally 26 probands 2 to 4 months of age. Initially, each excreted cystine and dibasic amino acids at much higher levels than did normal infants or either parent. From parental phenotypes (heterozygous or homozygous normal) and urine amino acid excretion values at 6 months of age in probands, the infants were classified as either heterozygous for the various classic cystinuria genotypes- type I ("silent"), eight infants; type II (high excretor), three; type III (moderate excretor), nine--or homozygous (and genetic compound), six. Urine amino acid excretion diminished steadily with age, to reach the variant parental value in heterozygous infants but not in homozygotes. Cystinuria heterozygotes, with the possible exception of some type I individuals, could not be distinguished reliably from homozygotes in early infancy, although homozygotes had significantly higher excretion values as a group. We deduce that renal ontogeny amplifies phenotypic expression of cystinuria alleles, thus influencing correct classification of genotype (heterozygote vs homozygote, and type of allele). These findings have implications for counseling and the need for follow-up of infantile cystinuria. PMID- 3919168 TI - Gastric acid secretory function in preterm infants. AB - To establish normal values for gastric secretory function in preterm infants, we studied 34 healthy preterm infants once a week during hospitalization. Basal acid output, pentagastrin-stimulated acid output, fasting serum gastrin, and fasting serum pancreatic polypeptide were measured during each study. Basal acid output at 1 week of age was 12 mumol/kg/hr, increasing over the first 4 weeks to 30 mumol/kg/hr. Administration of pentagastrin 6 micrograms/kg subcutaneously increased acid output in all age groups. Pentagastrin-stimulated acid output at 1 week was 21 mumol/kg/hr, increasing over the first 4 weeks to 44 mumol/kg/hr. Acid secretion did not change significantly over the next 4 to 6 weeks. Fasting serum gastrin concentration was stable over the first 6 weeks of life, but doubled during the end of the second month. Pancreatic polypeptide was found at low levels throughout the study. These studies confirm that the majority of healthy preterm infants secrete acid in quantity sufficient to maintain the gastric pH less than or equal to 4, providing a barrier to bacteria and protein antigens. PMID- 3919169 TI - Perinatal factors underlying neonatal cholestasis. PMID- 3919170 TI - Hypoxia associated with helium-oxygen therapy in neonates. PMID- 3919171 TI - Penicillin V and rifampin for the treatment of group A streptococcal pharyngitis: a randomized trial of 10 days penicillin vs 10 days penicillin with rifampin during the final 4 days of therapy. AB - To improve the bacteriologic and clinical cure rates of streptococcal pharyngitis, 79 children were randomly assigned to receive penicillin V alone for 10 days (39 patients) or penicillin for the same duration and rifampin during the last 4 days of penicillin therapy (40 patients). Eleven patients given penicillin had evidence of bacteriologic failure (including eight with relapse of clinical illness) on repeat cultures done 4 to 7 days after treatment, whereas there were no failures in children given combination therapy (P = 0.0015). All eight symptomatic children improved with penicillin-rifampin therapy and subsequent cultures were negative, whereas three asymptomatic children continued to harbor group A streptococci even after combination therapy. Antibody response by antistreptolysin O or antideoxyribonuclease B assay was seen in 50.6% of patients; the antibody responses in both groups were comparable. These results show that addition of rifampin to the penicillin regimen improves the clinical and bacteriologic cure rates in children with streptococcal pharyngitis. PMID- 3919172 TI - Successful management of central sleep hypoventilation in an infant using enteral doxapram. PMID- 3919173 TI - Biosynthesis of prostaglandins in gingiva of patients with chronic periodontitis. AB - This study was undertaken to determine the ability of inflamed and normal gingival tissues to synthesize prostaglandins (PGs) from the precursor arachidonic acid. Thirteen samples of inflamed human gingival tissue and six samples of normal human gingival tissue were studied. The inflammation was characterized histologically. After incubation of the tissue with [14C]arachidonate, PG metabolites were separated by thin-layer chromatography and identified by comparison with co-chromatographed standards. Inflamed gingival tissue synthesized significantly larger amounts, compared to normal tissue, of 6 keto-PGF1 alpha (P less than 0.05), thromboxane B2 (P less than 0.01), PGD2 (P less than 0.05), and PGA2 (P less than 0.001). Some unidentified metabolites, possibly lipoxygenase products were detected in significantly (P less than 0.001) larger amounts in inflamed than in normal tissue. PMID- 3919174 TI - Effect of stimulus intensity on the profile of anticonvulsant activity of phenytoin, ethosuximide and valproate. AB - The relative ability of phenytoin, ethosuximide and valproate to prevent minimal (clonic) threshold, maximal (tonic extension of the hindlimbs) threshold and supramaximal (tonic extension of the hindlimbs) seizures elicited by electrical and chemical (Metrazol, bicuculline, and picrotoxin) stimulation was determined. Ethosuximide and valproate were effective against minimal (clonic) threshold seizures, whereas phenytoin was ineffective and even activated them. All three anticonvulsants were effective against maximal (tonic extension of the hindlimbs) threshold seizures. Phenytoin and valproate, but not ethosuximide, were effective against supramaximal (tonic extension of the hindlimbs) seizures. The results suggest that the specificity of experimental models of epilepsy used in the evaluation of potential antiepileptic drugs is primarily due to the intensity rather than the nature of the stimulus used or the kind of seizure component evoked. Models based only on maximal (tonic extension of the hindlimbs) threshold seizures may identify anticonvulsant activity, but do not differentiate between substances that prevent seizure spread and those that increase seizure threshold. PMID- 3919175 TI - Action of 5-thio-D-glucose on D-glucose metabolism: possible mechanism for diabetogenic effect. AB - The effect of 5-thio-D-glucose (5-TG) on the hexosemonophosphate shunt (HMS) and on aerobic glycolysis was studied in the mouse small intestine. A time- and dose dependent inhibition of 14CO2 production from D-[1-14C] or D-[6-14C]glucose was observed by 5-TG in vitro. Using everted rings of intestine, the HMS (measured by the C-1/C-6 ratio of 14CO2 produced) was inhibited approximately 60% relative to control by 11.0 mM 5-TG. The 14CO2 produced from D-[6-14C]glucose was not inhibited markedly until incubations were lengthened to 45 min or longer. The HMS in everted rings from mice treated with 5-TG at 50 mg/kg or 1.5 g/kg i.p. increased 200 or 130%, respectively, compared to saline-treated controls. In contrast, 14CO2 produced from D-[6-14C]glucose was inhibited at both doses. Plasma D-glucose levels were measured 2 hr after treatment and were increased 100% at the low dose or 360% at the high dose, relative to controls (84.1 +/- 3.8 mg/100 ml). This study demonstrated that 5-TG inhibits D-glucose utilization in the mouse small intestine, which may contribute to the diabetogenic effect observed in vivo. PMID- 3919176 TI - The use of prophylactic drugs for asthma in general practice. PMID- 3919177 TI - Metroplasty and myomectomy with the CO2 laser for maximizing the preservation of normal tissue and minimizing blood loss. AB - A study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of the CO2 laser in performing conservative uterine surgery, metroplasty and myomectomy; to determine blood loss using this technique; and to ascertain how much normal uterine tissue was preserved. To assess the effectiveness of this new surgical technique, 22 patients underwent metroplasty, myomectomy or both utilizing the CO2 laser. The blood loss via microlaser surgery was compared to that in a group of 14 patients who underwent conventional surgery. The initial findings indicated that the CO2 laser is a viable surgical instrument for myomectomy and metroplasty and that its use yields less blood loss and greater preservation of normal tissue. PMID- 3919178 TI - Nutritional requirements. PMID- 3919179 TI - Family planning and culture. PMID- 3919180 TI - Control of food poisoning risks associated with shellfish. PMID- 3919182 TI - Pediculosis humanus capitis among primary school children in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. PMID- 3919181 TI - Attitude towards abortion among teenagers in Bendel State of Nigeria. PMID- 3919183 TI - Mortality data of ambulancemen. PMID- 3919184 TI - Prevention and health: the concern of nursing. PMID- 3919185 TI - Oral contraceptives and breast cancer: the current controversy. PMID- 3919186 TI - Molecular interactions of toxic chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans with thyroxine binding prealbumin. AB - The interactions of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and related compounds with prealbumin, a model for the nuclear thyroid hormone receptor, have been studied with use of computer graphics and predictions made regarding relative binding affinities for such structures. These modeling predictions were tested by experimentally measuring the binding affinities of dioxin and furan analogues. The results were in general agreement with the modeling predictions and demonstrated that such compounds could be effective competitive binding ligands for thyroxine-specific binding sites in prealbumin. The computer modeling work also demonstrates the importance of lateral chlorine substitution in the binding of these toxic compounds. The prealbumin interaction model should be of use in investigating the structure-toxicity relationships of these classes of toxic compounds. Thus, if prealbumin is a model for the nuclear thyroid hormone receptor, this work would also have major implications bearing on the mechanism of dioxin toxicity and the potential of these compounds to function as potent and persistent thyroxine agonists. A new cooperative receptor mechanism for dioxin toxic action is proposed. PMID- 3919187 TI - Morphogenesis of bacteriophage phi 29 of Bacillus subtilis: prohead restoration for DNA-gp3 packaging and assembly. AB - The DNA-protein complex DNA-gp3 of phi 29 is efficiently packaged into purified proheads with the aid of plasmid-derived gp16. The filled heads can be assembled to phage by addition of an extract providing the products for neck-tail assembly (Bjornsti et al., J. Virol. 50:766-772, 1984). However, purified proheads lost their competence to package DNA-gp3 upon storage for 2 months at 4 degrees C. Competence was restored by complementation with extracts of certain mutant infected cells, and these experiments demonstrated that late proteins were not involved; restoration obtained with 4-8-14--infected cells was indistinguishable from that obtained with 7-8-14--infected cells. 2-8-14- and 3-8-14- extracts restored about one-third of the capacity to package exogenous DNA-gp3. A 1-8-14- extracts restored activity to package 20.6% of the DNA-gp3 added, but phage were not produced. PMID- 3919188 TI - Identifying costs of medical care. An essential step in allocating resources. AB - Financial constraints are imposing an urgent requirement on American medicine to control the increasing costs of medical care. Valid data on "true" costs are required to make optimum trade-offs between quality-availability and cost of medical services; unfortunately, these data are generally lacking. Standard accounting procedures provide information on expenditures for items such as utilities, pharmaceuticals, and payroll; however, these procedures cannot identify personnel costs related to a specific medical service. The Laboratory Workload Recording Method developed by the College of American Pathologists offers a proved method for calculating personnel costs in performing each type of procedure in the clinical laboratory as well as projected costs of alternative management actions. Similar principles could be applied in other areas of health care. PMID- 3919190 TI - On herds, border guards, and ambulatory infection control. PMID- 3919189 TI - Pseudopheochromocytoma and cardiac arrest associated with phenylpropanolamine. PMID- 3919191 TI - Pro-UK: another entry in the thrombolytic arena. PMID- 3919192 TI - Total parenteral nutrition in obstetrics. AB - Total parenteral nutrition was provided to ten patients during pregnancy. No obstetrical or fetal complications attributable to the nutrition therapy occurred. All infants were at or above the tenth percentile in weight for gestational age. Total parenteral nutrition appears to be safe for the mother and fetus when given after the first trimester; the safety of total parenteral nutrition in the first trimester requires further study. PMID- 3919193 TI - Parasite screening and treatment among Indochinese refugees. Cost-benefit/utility and the General Health Policy Model. AB - The General Health Policy Model and the Quality of Well-being scale are used to describe a "cost-benefit/utility" evaluation of a screening and treatment program for intestinal parasites among indochinese refugees in the United States. Cost benefit/utility analysis subsumes conventional cost-effectiveness by explicitly adding social utility factors to the dollar dimension. Using actual data on parasite prevalence and program costs from one screening project and estimated figures for other factors, this article demonstrates calculation of the cost benefit/utility outcome measure, dollars per well-year. Dollars per well-year for parasite screening are calculated for a number of examples. Further analysis and final conclusions on the worth of parasite screening and treatment programs await more reliable data for some terms of the developed model. PMID- 3919194 TI - Court responses to withholding or withdrawing artificial nutrition and fluids. PMID- 3919195 TI - Progressive myelopathy in a 32-year-old man. PMID- 3919196 TI - Effects of diltiazem and nitroglycerin on prostaglandin F2 alpha-induced periodic contractions of isolated human coronary arteries. AB - This study characterizes the inhibiting effect of diltiazem and nitroglycerin on periodic contractions of isolated human coronary arteries. Isometric force of coronary ring segments from sixty-nine cadavers was recorded in a muscle bath. To quantify the experimental results, we used 3 X 10(-6) M prostaglandin F2 alpha to induce the periodic contractions of a certain force. When diltiazem was added during the periodic contractions, the amplitude of oscillations gradually decreased until eventually oscillations ceased completely. The process prior to the cessation of the oscillations was characterized mainly by the inhibition of the contraction phase. The inhibition rate at the time of the complete cessation of oscillations was 49.3 +/- 6.3% at 5 X 10(-7) M. The time required for complete disappearance of oscillations was dependent on the diltiazem concentration. When nitroglycerin was added during periodic contractions, the oscillations did not disappear. Compared to the contraction phase, the relaxation phase was appreciably inhibited. With only 10(-7) M diltiazem, the rate of inhibition of the contraction phase was 22.0 +/- 7.7%, whereas the preliminary treatment with 5 X 10(-8) M nitroglycerin led to a complete cessation of the oscillations, and suppression of the level of the contractions to a significantly greater extent, viz. 58.7 +/- 5.8% (p less than 0.001). Therefore, it is considered more effective in the treatment and prevention of coronary spasm to use diltiazem and nitroglycerin simultaneously rather than individually. PMID- 3919197 TI - Effects of nonsteroidal antiestrogens, analog II and tamoxifen, on a metastatic transplantable rat mammary tumor. AB - This study was designed to determine whether treatment with the nonsteroidal antiestrogens analog II and tamoxifen given three times per week, 2 weeks before and 2 weeks after tumor cell transplantation, influenced the metastasis of a transplantable, metastatic rat mammary tumor, DMBA-4. Following transplantation of 2,000 viable tumor cells into the fifth and sixth mammary fat pads of 50-day old inbred, female WF rats, all rats in all 3 groups displayed primary tumors by 5 weeks post tumor transplant. Analog II delayed the primary tumor development when compared to the time of the primary tumor development in either the control (untreated) or tamoxifen-treated groups. No metastatic tumors were found in the analog II-treated group 5 weeks after tumor transplantation, and only 1 animal in the tamoxifen-treated group had a secondary tumor, whereas 50% of the control animals had metastatic tumors. Six weeks after tumor implantation, palpable secondary tumors had developed in 40% of the analog II-treated group and 80% of the tamoxifen-treated group, whereas 60% of the control animals had developed secondary tumors. By the end of the study (7 wk) no differences existed between primary or secondary tumor incidences or between control and antiestrogen-treated groups. Both antiestrogens were effective in delaying the development of secondary tumors, especially during the time of treatment. Following cessation of treatment, analog II prevented metastatic tumor development for up to a month and tamoxifen, for 3 weeks. Further studies are indicated to determine if continuous treatment can effectively inhibit metastatic tumor development indefinitely. PMID- 3919198 TI - Stimulation of proliferation in mixed cultures of mouse tumor cells and nonimmune peritoneal cells. II. Stimulation of tumor cells by macrophages and of lymphocytes by a tumor cell product. AB - Stimulation of [methyl-3H]thymidine incorporation in mixed cultures of mouse peritoneal cells (PC) and tumor cells required a large adherent PC. Flow cytometric analysis, as well as autoradiography, showed that the stimulation involved increased proliferation of tumor cells. The stimulation required contact between tumor and PC; it was partly inhibited by Trasylol (aprotinin) and potentiated by dexamethasone. In addition, there was minor stimulation of PC by a soluble product of tumor cells; this stimulation was not affected by Trasylol or dexamethasone. It is suggested that macrophages can stimulate tumor cell proliferation and that such stimulation may be an important factor in host-tumor relationships. PMID- 3919199 TI - [Transduodenal papillosphincteroplasty in repeat operations on the biliary tract]. PMID- 3919200 TI - [Traumatic injuries of the extrahepatic biliary tract]. PMID- 3919201 TI - [Behavior of the concentration of triiodothyronine, thyroxine, thyrotropin and thyroxine-binding globulin in the serum of children with nephrotic syndrome]. AB - Concentrations of triiodothyronine, thyroxine, thyrotropin, thyroxine-binding globulin, urea, creatinine, cholesterol and total protein were determined in serum of six children (ages from 4 to 16 years) with nephrotic syndrome undergoing therapy. The results showed that with decreasing concentration of serum protein and increasing concentration of cholesterol the concentrations of thyroxine and thyroxine-binding globulin decreased whereas the concentration of thyrotropin was elevated. Improvement in the concentration of serum protein lead to an improvement of serum levels of thyroid hormones and thyroxine-binding globulin; concentrations of thyrotropin and cholesterol returned to values close to normal. Although triiodothyronine was decreased slightly it remained in the normal range thus preventing overt hypothyroidism. PMID- 3919202 TI - [Cerebral angiography in complicated migraine--reactions, incidents]. AB - Seventy-one patients (ages: 15-58 years) suffering from complicated migraine were investigated by means of cerebral angiography which was not performed during an attack. Angiography was carried out to exclude stenoses or occlusions of the cranio-cervical vessels and above all vascular malformations (arterial aneurysms, arteriovenous angiomas). In 18 cases (25.4%) organic lesions were found, including three vessel malformations (4.2%). Thirty-one patients (43.7%) suffered from headache reactions or other complications during or within 24 h following angiography. In 15 cases (21.1%) attacks of complicated migraine were observed, three patients (4.2%) suffered from headache and bilateral flickering visual disturbances, another 11 patients (15.5%) developed headache and vegetative symptoms requiring therapeutic management. One patient (1.4%) got an epileptic seizure, another patient (1.4%) developed a generalized urticaria exanthema. There were more headache reactions in women than in men. However, the highest percentage of reactions was observed in patients in whom migraine headache had occurred clearly set off from the transient cerebral functional disturbances. Neurological complications (transient functional disturbances) occurred in 16 of 71 patients (22.5%). The neurological complication rate was significantly (P less than 0.001) higher than that in an unselected group of patients (3.0%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3919203 TI - [Effect of a space diet on valine concentrations in the blood]. AB - The content of valine was measured in plasma of 6 healthy male test subjects who were either on a normal or Salyut-5 space diet for 30 days. The measurements were performed with the aid of a Hitachi KLA-3B amino acid analyzer. Unlike other studies, blood samples were withdrawn every 5 days. The results suggest that the postflight decrease of the valine content is associated with the food composition. This makes it necessary to improve the amino acid composition of space diets and the technology of their manufacture. The foodstuffs used in the recovery period should be supplemented with amino acids, particularly valine, to compensate for enhanced anabolic processes. PMID- 3919204 TI - [Methods of measuring the parameters of external respiration and gas exchange in rhesus monkeys]. PMID- 3919205 TI - [Study of the growth rate of methane-assimilating bacteria in weightlessness]. PMID- 3919206 TI - [Islam--the religion, its laws and its effects on the behavior, the experience and the needs of religious Muslims in the hospital. 2]. PMID- 3919207 TI - [Management and communication in the nursing field]. PMID- 3919208 TI - [Computers for the improvement of professional practice]. PMID- 3919209 TI - [Continued education--continued development. Observations on professional continuing education at the Agnes Karll nursing college]. PMID- 3919210 TI - [A piece of history. Contribution to the closing of the school for nursing assistants in the Stuttgart Public Hospital]. PMID- 3919211 TI - [Judgment of the Essen Labor Tribunal. Complaint by a male nurse against the hospital about the demand for preparatory and subsequent work in autopsies]. PMID- 3919212 TI - [The status of nursing service administration in hospitals in Switzerland]. PMID- 3919213 TI - [Stress on the passenger's seat is greater than that at the wheel]. PMID- 3919214 TI - Plasma aminotransferase measurements in the marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). AB - Plasma aminotransferase values were measured in a large number of samples from male and female marmosets. There were no differences due to age or sex for either AST or ALT. Haemolysis affected values for both enzymes, though the effect on ALT was greater. PMID- 3919215 TI - Ultrastructural documentation of M241 glycoprotein on dendritic and endothelial cells in normal human skin. AB - M241 is a glycoprotein that recently has been demonstrated to be present in human thymus in a distribution similar to T6. Studies in skin, however, suggest that M241, in contrast to T6, is detected only on a subset of Langerhans cells and on a population of dendritic cells in the superficial dermis. We compared the reactivities of monoclonal antibodies to M241 and T6 with dendritic cells in normal human skin using immunoelectron microscopy. Our findings indicate that M241 is present on a minority of Langerhans cells and on a substantial number of other predominantly dermal dendritic cells with morphologic features of indeterminate cells. Anti-M241 reactivity was generally restricted to the cell membrane, although cytoplasmic reactivity was detected in some Langerhans cells. Dermal endothelial cells, which like dendritic cells are capable of antigen presentation, were also reactive with anti-M241 antibody. M241 is a glycoprotein, different from T6, with a tissue distribution potentially relevant to the understanding of antigen-presenting cells in the skin. PMID- 3919216 TI - RNase A effects on sedimentation and DNA binding properties of dexamethasone receptor complexes from HeLa cell cytosol. AB - Dexamethasone-receptor complexes from HeLa cell cytosol sediment at 7.4S in low salt sucrose gradients, and at 3.8S in high salt gradients. If cytosol is heated at 25 degrees C, receptor complexes sediment at 6.9S in low salt, and at 3.6S in high salt gradients. RNase A treatment at 25 degrees C, instead, results in receptor complexes which sediment in low salt gradients as two major forms at 6.5 and 4.8S. Receptor complexes from RNase A-treated cytosols sediment as their counterparts from untreated cytosols in high salt gradients. Although the shift in sedimentation properties of receptor complexes at 2 degrees C is induced by RNase A, and not by other low molecular weight basic proteins or RNase T1, the effect can be also obtained by inactive RNase A. The catalytically active enzyme, however, is required to observe 6.5 and 4.8S complexes after cytosol incubations at 25 degrees C. Placental ribonuclease inhibitor prevents the appearance of RNase A-induced receptor forms at 25 degrees C, but not at 2 degrees C. Moreover, this inhibitor can prevent the 7.4 to 6.9S shift in sedimentation coefficient of receptor complexes caused by cytosol heating. Dexamethasone-receptor complexes from HeLa cell cytosol show low levels of binding to DNA-cellulose, and heating at 25 degrees C is required to observe a six-fold increase in DNA binding levels. RNase A treatment of cytosols at 2 degrees C does not result in significant enhancement in receptor complex binding to DNA. If RNase A treatment is carried out at 25 degrees C, however, DNA binding levels of receptor complexes increased by 25% over the values observed with control heated cytosol. This effect cannot be observed if RNase T1 substitutes for RNase A. Placental ribonuclease inhibitor can prevent the temperature-dependent increase in DNA binding properties of dexamethasone-receptor complexes either in the presence or absence of exogenous RNase A. These findings indicate that exogenous RNases can perturb the structure of dexamethasone-receptor complexes without being involved in the transformation process. PMID- 3919217 TI - Administration of GnRH in vivo stimulates progesterone and inhibits androgen accumulation by ovarian follicles isolated from pubertal rabbits. AB - A single i.v. injection of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) to pubertal female rabbits led to an ovulatory pulse of LH but no ovulations resulted. By contrast, 5 i.v. injections over 6 h led to 1-3 ovulations in 5 of 8 animals treated. Twenty-four hours after the initial injection animals were killed and follicles isolated. Large follicles greater than 1 mm dia, from both GnRH treated groups released more progesterone during the control incubation period than those from saline treated. Small follicles less than 1 mm dia, from the same GnRH groups accumulated 3-6 times more progesterone than those from saline treated when stimulated with luteinizing hormone (LH). Testosterone accumulation by small and large follicles was not affected by one injection of GnRH but was depressed in follicles from rabbits treated with 5 injections of GnRH. A single injection of GnRH enhanced the ability of small and large follicles to release estradiol which was depressed 30% in the presence of LH. Multiple GnRH injections depressed estradiol accumulation by small and large follicles. These data suggest the administration of GnRH in vivo can have stimulatory as well as inhibitory effects on subsequent follicular steroid release and accumulation in vitro. PMID- 3919218 TI - A technique for postoperative application of a newly designed temporary bipolar dual-chamber pacemaker electrode. PMID- 3919219 TI - Intraoperative autologous transfusion. AB - Intraoperative autologous transfusion is a technique that was first used almost 2 centuries ago but that has realized its potential only in the past 5 years. A growing national awareness of transfusion-related morbidity, of the need for alternative blood sources, and of improved methods for red blood cell recovery has led to an increased frequency of use of autologous transfusion. Most hospital programs use semicontinuous flow centrifugation or canister technology for the intraoperative salvage and reinfusion of shed blood. This technique is particularly valuable for cardiovascular surgical procedures but has been useful in many other types of surgical procedures as well. Deleterious effects formerly attributed to this technique have been eliminated by methodologic improvements. Concerns about use of autologous transfusion in patients who have an infection or a malignant lesion persist. Most hematologic aberrations are related to massive transfusions and should not be considered a contraindication to the general use of autologous blood. PMID- 3919220 TI - Glycosaminoglycan distribution in substratum adhesion sites of aging human skin fibroblasts, including papillary and reticular subpopulations. AB - Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) distribution has been analyzed in the adhesion sites, left substratum-bound after EGTA-mediated detachment, of various human skin fibroblast populations grown in vitro in the presence (asc+) or absence (asc-) of ascorbate. Examination of these skin fibroblasts during the EGTA treatment by scanning electron microscopy reveals that (a) asc+ cells detach much more rapidly than asc- cells, but (b) asc- or asc+ cells leave the same two types of structures in longterm culture-generated substratum-attached material (L-SAM)- long linear retraction fibers and "footpad-like" structures. Most of the [3H]glucosamine-radiolabeled polysaccharides in L-SAM were shown to be GAGs. Fibroblasts from a full-thickness skin sample from a very young patient (AG4449) have similar distributions of the GAGs in both the EGTA-suspended cell and L-SAM fractions; however, asc+ cell and L-SAM fractions contain relatively more heparan sulfate than the asc- fractions. In contrast, full-thickness skin fibroblasts from an elderly patient (AG2261) generate GAG distributions in their L-SAMs (with greatly elevated levels of hyaluronate and chondroitin sulfate) that are very different from those of the cell fractions and from those of AG4449; furthermore, these distributions in AG2261 fractions do not change when shifted from asc- to asc+ medium. These studies led to analyses of the two major fibroblast subsets- papillary (PAP) or reticular (RET)--that can be isolated from the dermis of a newborn infant (patient 5). The GAG distributions in the RET fractions were different from those in PAP fractions; of special note was the greater length of heparan sulfate chains from all RET fractions examined when compared to PAP fractions. There was a remarkable similarity in the GAG distributions of asc+ RET fractions when compared to the full-thickness AG2261 cell fractions. In summary, these studies demonstrate that asc- or asc+ "young" cells generate different GAG distributions in their substratum adhesion sites, whereas "old" cells from a full thickness skin sample do not alter their distribution when shifted from asc- to asc+ (this distribution is different from that of "young" cells). Furthermore, analyses of GAGs in papillary and reticular cell fractions reveal significant differences between the two, with considerable similarity of asc+ reticular fractions to the full-thickness AG2261 fibroblasts, which is consistent with the enrichment of reticular fibroblasts in the skin of aging individuals. PMID- 3919221 TI - Iron accumulation during development and ageing of Drosophila. AB - We examined Drosophila melanogaster fruit flies to determine whether iron accumulates with ageing as it does in mice. Iron concentrations were measured by atomic absorption for flies maintained at 11, 20, 25 and 30 degrees C where the average lifespans were 152, 81, 62 and 25 days, respectively. Iron was found to accumulate with ageing during both the adult and developmental stages with an overall increase of 186% at 25 degrees C. A similar increase was found at 20 degrees C and 30 degrees C. At 11 degrees C the increase was less than half that at 25 degrees C. The rate of iron accumulation also varied with environmental temperature with the logarithm of the rate proportional to temperature (log R = 0.0509T-0.384). The rate of iron accumulation with ageing was, thus, found to be proportional to the rate of ageing, suggesting that excess dietary iron may be an initiator of senescence. PMID- 3919222 TI - Resource utilization groups. A patient classification system for long-term care. AB - The ability to understand, control, manage, regulate, and reimburse nursing home care has been hampered by the unavailability of a classification system of long term care patients. A study of 1,469 patients in Connecticut nursing homes has resulted in such a classification system that clusters patients with similar relative needs for resources, in particular, for nursing time. The nine groups formed can be used to develop a case-mix profile of the relative care needs of these patients, and their development demonstrates that only a few measures of the functional status of patients, rather than diagnosis or psychosocial/behavioral problems, are sufficient to form such a system. PMID- 3919223 TI - Validation and use of resource utilization groups as a case-mix measure for long term care. AB - A companion article describes the development of a patient classification system for long-term care patients, Resource Utilization Groups (RUGs). Three potential limitations of this system and its development are addressed here: the use of a subjectively determined dependent variable, geographic limitation of the data to Connecticut skilled nursing facilities, and limited assessment of the quality of the facilities studied. Additional systems of Resource Utilization Groups were derived, using the same clustering technique but employing two separate data sets from the Battelle Human Affairs Research Center. These data bases provided an objective dependent variable, wide geographic distribution of both skilled nursing facilities and intermediate care facilities, and homes specifically selected on the basis of quality. The RUGs derived from the two sets of Battelle data and the initial RUG system showed remarkable similarity in their patient groupings and in the case-mix indexes developed for nursing homes. The concurrence of the results obtained for these three systems greatly strengthens the basis for the use of this classification system as a case mix measure for long-term care. PMID- 3919224 TI - Comparative costs versus symptomatic and employment benefits of medical and surgical treatment of stable angina pectoris. AB - For patients who underwent cardiac catheterization for stable angina pectoris at the authors' hospital, initial treatment charges including the cardiac catheterization were approximately $28,000 for coronary surgery and $6,000 for medical therapy. Even after controlling for disease severity and after including medical patients who crossed over to surgery, the slightly increased 3-year follow-up costs of medical therapy offset only approximately 11% of the far higher initial costs of surgery. Surgical patients were more likely to have sustained, substantial symptomatic improvement at 3 years (68% vs. 53%, P less than 0.05) but were no more likely to have, maintain, or regain a job. Although the cost-effectiveness of coronary surgery may compare favorably with other modern therapies for other conditions, coronary surgery did not pay for itself at 3-year follow-up in our patients. PMID- 3919225 TI - DRGs and elective surgery. What's best for the provider? What's best for the patient? PMID- 3919226 TI - [Changes in the monocyte Fc receptor (IgG) in diabetic ketoacidosis and non ketotic hyperosmolar coma]. PMID- 3919227 TI - [Leukocytes labeled with indium-111-oxine. Our clinical experience in the localization of postsurgical abdominal abscesses]. PMID- 3919228 TI - [Leukocytes labeled with 111-In in the localization of abscesses]. PMID- 3919229 TI - [Pharmacologic therapy of arteriosclerosis. II. New directions]. PMID- 3919230 TI - Idiopathic ulceration of the hypopharynx. AB - At least three clinical variations of idiopathic ulceration of the oropharyngeal cavity are recognized. Major (or giant) aphthous ulceration is uncommon but may affect the hypopharynx producing severe pain, dysphagia, and severe scarring. Healing with systemic prednisolone may require large and prolonged dosage. In 7 out of 14 patients with hypopharyngeal ulceration gastrostomy was performed to assist nutrition and by-pass the cricopharyngeal region in an attempt at reducing subsequent scarring. PMID- 3919231 TI - Prostaglandins in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: a preliminary study. AB - It has already been demonstrated in human and animal systems that PGE2 is a suppressor signal for many immune functions. These include T-lymphocyte blastogenesis, natural killer cell activity, and cytolytic T-lymphocyte activity. These functions are important for destruction of tumor cells. Conceivably, suppression of these functions by excessive PGE2 restricts tumor cell kill, and reversal of suppression by an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis such as indomethacin could increase tumor cell kill. The purpose of this study was to determine the kind of prostaglandins (PGs) produced by tissues with squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck and to measure the concentrations of PGE2, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, and thromboxane (Tx) B2 in the tumor tissue and in the corresponding control tissue. Tumor and normal control tissues at the margin of the resection were obtained from surgical specimens. The production of PGs was determined by incubation of tissue homogenates with 14C-arachidonic acid, by thin layer chromatography, autoradiography, and scintillation counting. Concentrations of PGs were measured by radioimmunoassay. Tumor tissues produced PGD2, E2, TxB2, F2 alpha, and 6-keto-F1 alpha, and 15-, 12-, and 5-monohydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE). Concentrations of PGE2 were four times higher in the tumor tissues compared to those in control tissues. There was no difference between the levels of TxB2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha in the tumor tissues and those in control tissues. The results of this study will serve as basic information necessary for the potential use of inhibitors of PG-synthesis in the treatment of head and neck carcinoma. PMID- 3919232 TI - Diacylglycerol lipase and pituitary prolactin release in vitro: studies employing RHC 80267. AB - We studied the possible involvement of diacylglycerol lipase in the regulatory mechanisms governing the release of prolactin by primary cultures of anterior pituitary cells. This was accomplished by studying the effect of a selective inhibitor of diacylglycerol lipase activity, RHC 80267, on basal prolactin release and that stimulated by TRH and elevated potassium concentrations. RHC 80267 produced a concentration-dependent reduction in basal prolactin release and abolished its increase produced by TRH and potassium. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the production of arachidonate from lipids via the diacylglycerol lipase pathway is an important event in the governance of prolactin release. PMID- 3919233 TI - Blood pressure response to Ro15-1788, a benzodiazepine antagonist. AB - The effects of Ro15-1788, a benzodiazepine antagonist, on heart rate and blood pressure were studied in chloralose anesthetized cats. In previously untreated controls, Ro15-1788 lowered both systolic and diastolic arterial pressure about 15 mm Hg, and slightly decreased heart rate. In cats that had been given a single acute dose of diazepam or flurazepam, Ro15-1788 increased blood pressure about 40 mm Hg. A similar increase was measured in cats that were tolerant and physically dependent after 5 weeks of chronic flurazepam treatment. High spinal (C-1) section abolished all Ro15-1788 effects. It is suggested that the observed drug actions occur within the CNS rather than in the periphery, and that it might be useful to study further the cardiovascular actions of benzodiazepine agonists and antagonists. PMID- 3919234 TI - Anesthetic-resistant spontaneous mutant of drosophila melanogaster: intensified response to 60Cobalt radiation damage. AB - Accumulating evidence suggests that the extent of acute damage by ionizing irradiation is closely related to the state of membrane orderliness. Decreased orderliness apparently protects organisms from ionizing irradiation. Because anesthetics decrease membrane orderliness, anesthesia is expected to affect damages caused by ionizing irradiation. The present study compared the effects of 60Co irradiation on Drosophila melanogaster between an anesthetic-resistant spontaneous mutant and an anesthetic-sensitive strain. We have previously established an anesthetic-resistant mutant strain, Eth-29, of Drosophila melanogaster. Eth-29 is resistant to diethylether, chloroform and halothane. The anesthetic-resistant strain was found to be radiosensitive when evaluated by survival at the eighth day after irradiation or by dyskinesia (knock-down) at the second day. The results indicate that anesthetic resistance may be related to an increase in orderliness. The findings in reciprocal crosses between Eth-29 and the control strain indicate that the mechanism of survival is different from that of knock-down. Presumably, knock-down is the direct sequela of irradiation, and the present result suggests that membrane damage may be involved in inducing knock-down. PMID- 3919235 TI - The stimulatory effects of prostaglandins on the melanophores of the lizard, Anolis carolinensis. AB - The melanosome dispersing activity of prostaglandins PGE1, PGE2, PGF1 alpha, PGF2 alpha, PGI2 and 6 beta PGI, was tested on the melanophores of Anolis carolinensis. Only PGE2 and PGE1 were active and while PGE2 was the most potent and acted synergistically with alpha-MSH, PGE1 was additive with alpha-MSH. Arachidonic acid also stimulated melanosome dispersion but its effect was blocked by indomethacin suggesting an action through its conversion to PGE1 or PGE2. The effect of alpha-MSH, on the other hand, was unaltered by indomethacin which suggests that alpha-MSH stimulated melanosome dispersion does not depend upon prostaglandin synthesis. Thus, while some prostaglandins may interact with alpha MSH to stimulate melanosome dispersion they are unlikely to mediate its action. PMID- 3919236 TI - A role for inhibin in the control of follicle-stimulating hormone secretion in male rats. AB - We examined the relationship of testosterone (T) and porcine follicular fluid (pFF) in the negative feedback control of FSH and LH secretion in adult male rats. Either at the time of castration (acute) or at least 30 days after castration (chronic), we implanted T-filled Silastic capsules, which were 2 mm, 10 mm, or 30 mm long; empty capsules (30 mm) served as controls. Seven days later, we injected either 0.15 ml of pFF or saline (i.v.), decapitated the rats 6 hours later, and collected trunk blood for subsequent serum analysis of FSH, LH, and T by RIA. In the acute groups, T implants suppressed the postcastration rises in plasma FSH and LH levels in a dose-dependent manner, with only the largest implant, 30 mm, able to return them to intact levels. PFF injection significantly suppressed FSH levels in intact and acute rats but had no effect on serum LH. In chronic rats, T therapy for 7 days suppressed plasma LH levels in a dose dependent relationship, yet did not do so to plasma FSH levels. FSH levels were significantly higher in rats with the 30 mm T implants than in intact rats, but were significantly suppressed as compared to chronic controls. PFF significantly suppressed serum FSH levels in all chronic groups with the chronic controls showing the greatest amount of suppression. We conclude that the role for inhibin in the normal control of FSH secretion is that of a secondary modulator which is superimposed on, yet independent of, the steroid feedback mechanism. At any given moment this modulation is dependent upon the secretory activity of the FSH gonadotrope. PMID- 3919237 TI - A program for preventing sexual abuse of children. PMID- 3919238 TI - Interviewing the sexually abused child. PMID- 3919239 TI - Maternal phenylketonuria: an unexpected challenge. PMID- 3919240 TI - Pinworms: a persistent pediatric problem. PMID- 3919242 TI - A program for helping grieving parents. PMID- 3919241 TI - Unwed and pregnant: nurses' attitude toward unmarried mothers. PMID- 3919243 TI - The telephone as stethoscope. PMID- 3919244 TI - Nurse practitioners and primary care in schools. PMID- 3919245 TI - Alphaprodine hydrochloride for obstetrics. PMID- 3919246 TI - MCN keys to research. Planning the analysis. PMID- 3919247 TI - Health care costs: every nurse's problem. PMID- 3919248 TI - The nightmare of a child. PMID- 3919249 TI - Radiation protection aspects of a new high-energy linear accelerator. AB - The Therac-25 is a new 25-MeV linear accelerator manufactured by Atomic Energy of Canada, Ltd. The first two units have recently been installed in Toronto, Ontario and Halifax, Nova Scotia. Calculations and measurements of primary and secondary radiation levels were made. Neutron dose-equivalent rates were measured inside and outside the room. The maximum leakage rate at 1 m from the accelerator target was 0.4% Sv per peak photon Gy. The tenth value layer for neutrons from the Therac-25, at the entrance to a one-legged maze was found to be 5.5 cm of polyethylene. Measurements were done to estimate daily technologist exposure due to induced activity in the treatment room. PMID- 3919250 TI - Choice of material for HVL measurements in megavoltage x-ray beams. AB - The relative sensitivity of the half-value layer (HVL) method as a quality index for megavoltage x-ray beams is examined by theoretical calculation and experimental measurements for 4-, 6-, 10-, and 25-MV x-ray beams. It is shown that lower atomic number materials are more sensitive to beam quality changes than higher atomic number materials, and that aluminum is a reasonable choice of material for HVL measurements in megavoltage x-ray beams. Further, it was found that the HVL in aluminum or polystyrene is a more sensitive index of spectral quality than the ionization ratio method, recommended by recent dosimetry protocols. PMID- 3919251 TI - Digital processing of high-energy photon beam images. AB - The potentialities of digital megavoltage radiation field images for image quality improvement and evaluation of patient treatment setup errors are investigated. A treatment verification film is digitized with a densitometer and a treatment planning computer. The 256 X 256 picture matrix is displayed on a viewing console of a computer tomograph. The results of some processed pictures show an improved visibility of anatomical structures, which is of importance for comparison of the treatment beam images with the corresponding localization radiograph made on the simulator. In addition, automated techniques for comparison of irradiation and simulation setup are now possible. PMID- 3919252 TI - Comments on "A protocol for the determination of absorbed dose from high-energy photon and electron beams". PMID- 3919253 TI - Pheochromocytoma, renal artery stenosis, and lymphocytic lymphoma associated with von Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis. Case report and literature review. PMID- 3919254 TI - Physicians' perception of the prospective payment plan using DRGs. PMID- 3919255 TI - PRO review of hospital admissions of Medicare patients. PMID- 3919256 TI - Multiple measles outbreaks on college campuses--Ohio, Massachusetts, Illinois. PMID- 3919258 TI - Update: influenza activity--United States. PMID- 3919257 TI - Fatal occupational injuries--Texas, 1982. PMID- 3919259 TI - Intestinal myiasis--Washington. PMID- 3919260 TI - Detection of elevated levels of coliform bacteria in a public water supply- Connecticut. PMID- 3919261 TI - Occupational fatality associated with a robot--Michigan. PMID- 3919262 TI - Update: acquired immunodeficiency syndrome--Europe. PMID- 3919264 TI - Update: influenza activity--Europe, United States. PMID- 3919263 TI - Botulism from fresh foods--California. PMID- 3919265 TI - Surveillance and assessment of alcohol-related mortality--United States, 1980. PMID- 3919266 TI - Quarantine measures. PMID- 3919267 TI - Measles--Puerto Rico. PMID- 3919268 TI - Contact spread of vaccinia from a National Guard vaccinee--Wisconsin. PMID- 3919269 TI - Update: influenza activity--United States. PMID- 3919270 TI - Rocky Mountain spotted fever--United States, 1984. PMID- 3919271 TI - Infertility--United States, 1982. PMID- 3919272 TI - Milk-borne salmonellosis--Illinois. PMID- 3919274 TI - Update: childhood poisonings--United States. PMID- 3919273 TI - Reported measles cases--United States, past 4 weeks. PMID- 3919276 TI - Pseudo-outbreak of intestinal amebiasis--California. PMID- 3919275 TI - Epidemic meningococcal disease: recommendations for travelers to Nepal. PMID- 3919277 TI - Update: influenza activity--United States. PMID- 3919278 TI - [Studies on an antigen strongly associated with human bronchogenic squamous cell carcinoma (1)--studies by immuno-diffusion method]. AB - Insoluble extracts of human squamous cell carcinoma were solubilized by desoxycholate. The soluble extracts, after partial purification, were used to prepare antisera in guinea pigs. These antisera which were absorbed with insoluble extracts of lung, liver, kidney, spleen, carcinoembryonic antigen and non-specific cross-reacting antigen were commonly detected in all of the 7 squamous cell carcinomas. These antisera failed to reacted with adult organ extract, fetal organ homogenates or extracts from tumors of other histologic types by the methods of immuno-diffusion technique. PMID- 3919279 TI - Phenobarbital induces rat liver apolipoprotein A-I mRNA. AB - The effect of phenobarbital on the level of rat liver apolipoprotein A-I (apo-A I) mRNA was studied. Poly(A+)-RNA isolated from livers of control or phenobarbital-treated rats was translated in vitro in the rabbit reticulocyte lysate system and immunoprecipitated with rabbit antiserum against rat apo-A-I. The immunoprecipitate was analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The translational activity of apo-A-I mRNA was estimated from the incorporation of [35S]methionine into the apo-A-I band. It was found to be elevated 4-fold by 16 hr after rats received a single injection of phenobarbital. To study the effect of phenobarbital on the level of rat liver apo-A-I mRNA, a recombinant plasmid which contained a cDNA insert corresponding to rat liver apo A-I mRNA was isolated and used to hybridize total liver poly(A+)-RNA from control and phenobarbital-treated rats. There were 4.8- and 10-fold increases in the amount of hybridization to mRNAs from rats after they were treated with phenobarbital for 8 and 16 hr, respectively. Thus, phenobarbital increases the level of rat liver apo-A-I mRNA. PMID- 3919280 TI - Accessible intrachain disulfide bonds in hybrids of light chains. AB - The three-dimensional structure of the Mcg lambda-type Bence-Jones dimer crystallized in ammonium sulfate is known at 2.3-A resolution. A series of nine other human lambda-chains and two kappa-chains did not crystallize under the same conditions. After these proteins were hybridized with the Mcg light chain by the method of Peabody et al. [Biochemistry, 19, 2827 (1980)], however, crystals of six heterodimers were produced. Two of these (Mcg X Weir and Mcg X Hud) were suitable for X-ray analysis. The non-Mcg parental molecules in four of the crystallizable hybrids showed aberrant electrophoretic behavior after treatment with mild reducing agents. The results suggest that the intrachain disulfide bond in at least one domain (probably the variable domain) was susceptible to mild reductive cleavage in a significant proportion of light chains. Moreover, the loosening of the domain structure resulting from such disulfide cleavage in one parent appeared to promote the tendency of a hybrid molecule to crystallize. PMID- 3919281 TI - Unexpected similarities in the crystal structures of the Mcg light-chain dimer and its hybrid with the Weir protein. AB - The covalently linked hybrid of two human lambda-type light chains (Mcg and Weir) crystallizes as trigonal bipyramids in ammonium sulfate [Ely et al., Molec. Immun. 22, 85-92 (1985)]. While markedly different in appearance from the barrel shaped crystals of the parental Mcg dimer, the bipyramids of the hybrid have the same space group: trigonal P3(1)21. Moreover, the unit cell dimensions are practically identical: a = 72.3 A in both proteins; c = 188.1 A in the hybrid and 185.9 A in the Mcg dimer. These observations imply that the crystal packing and the main features of the three-dimensional structures are closely similar in the Mcg X Weir hybrid and the Mcg dimer. The "constant" domains of the Mcg and Weir proteins belong to the same genetic subclass and were expected to interact in comparable ways in hybrids and parental dimers. However, the overall similarities in the "variable" domain pairs in the hybrid and Mcg dimer were completely unpredicted, since the amino acid sequences of the heterologous variable domains differ by 36 residues. By difference Fourier analysis the Weir light chain has been tentatively identified as monomer 1 (heavy-chain analogue) and the Mcg protein as monomer 2 (light-chain analogue) in the hybrid dimer. Substitutions in key positions in the hypervariable loops explain the differences in binding activity of the Mcg and Weir dimers. In the Mcg dimer bis(dinitrophenyl)lysine spans two relatively spacious subsites (A and B), with primary contacts involving tyrosines 34 and 38 of monomer 2. The Weir dimer, which does not bind dinitrophenyl ligands, has serine and phenylalanine in homologous positions. Moreover, the bilateral replacement of valine 48 and serine 91 in Mcg by leucine and methionine in the Weir dimer should effectively block access to subsite B. In the hybrid binding activity for bis(dinitrophenyl)lysine is restored because the Mcg light chain is present as the monomer 2 subunit. PMID- 3919282 TI - [Significance of pCO2 for cerebral blood flow in neonatology. A Doppler sonographic study]. AB - Range-gated pulsed Doppler-ultrasonographic blood flow measurements of 3 cerebral arteries (a. cerebri anterior, a. carotis interna, a. basilaris) were performed during acute pCO2-changes in 16 neonates treated in an intensive care unit. Pulsatility index, peak systolic and end diastolic flow velocity, and mean velocity were evaluated. Mean velocity in the a. carotis interna and the a. basilaris depends on the pCO2, and increases resp. decreases by 5.6% per mm Hg of rise resp. fall of the pCO2. Assuming no pCO2-dependent diameter changes of the large cerebral arteries volume flow would increase resp. decrease by a proportional amount. When obtaining qualitative or semiquantitative informations about volume flow by Doppler-ultrasonography anatomic conditions must be considered carefully. PMID- 3919283 TI - Protein-calorie malnutrition, immunologic function, and total parenteral nutrition in the surgical patient. PMID- 3919284 TI - The resistance of E. coli cultivated in low concentrations of dichlorvos to N methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine induced mutagenesis. AB - Cultivation of E. coli B/r strain WP2 in low concentrations of either 4 nitroquinoline N-oxide (4NQO) or N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) had no effect on the mutagenic or cytotoxic consequences of subsequent challenge with dichlorvos (DCV). However, although the sensitivity of E. coli cells taken from cultures grown in low concentrations of DCV to the effects of 4NQO was unchanged, the cells were more resistant to the mutagenic (but not cytotoxic) consequences of MNNG challenge. This phenomenon was not observed in WP2 derivatives deficient in either error-free (uvrA-) or error-prone (lexA-) DNA-repair, suggesting that a factor common to both these repair pathways may be involved. PMID- 3919285 TI - Trenimon-induced sex chromosome loss in Drosophila: different dose-responses for ring-X loss as compared to rod-X loss and Y-marker loss. AB - Drosophila melanogaster males carrying either a ring- or a rod-shaped X chromosome were injected or fed with Trenimon (triaziquone) at concentrations ranging from 5 X 10(-5) to 2 X 10(-2) mM. The F1 generation was assayed for the occurrence of total sex chromosome loss and of Y-chromosome markers. Sex-linked recessive lethal tests were carried out simultaneously. The data show that significant induction of ring-X loss occurs already at very low treatment concentrations (5 X 10(-5) -10(-4) mM) whereas rod-X loss or Y-marker loss is only seen at 2-5 X 10(-3) mM and higher. Induction of sex-linked recessive lethals is observed from 10(-4) -10(-3) mM on. These results add to existing evidence that loss of ring-X chromosomes, induced by some chemicals, may proceed by a mechanism different from the kind of events leading to chromosome breakage, as measured by rod-X loss and Y-marker loss. PMID- 3919287 TI - The effect of quercetin on the mutagenicity of 2-acetylaminofluorene and benzo[alpha]pyrene in Salmonella typhimurium strains. AB - The comutagenic and desmutagenic effect of quercetin on the mutagenicity of typical mutagens e.g. 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF), 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO) and benzo[alpha]pyrene (B[a]P), in Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100 and TA98/1,8 DNP6 were examined. In the mixed application of AAF with quercetin in the presence of mammalian metabolic activation system (S9 mix), the numbers of revertants in TA98 increased by as much 2.2-5.0-fold compared with the sum of those in the separate applications of AAF and quercetin. A 1.4-2.7-fold increase was observed in TA100. Quercetin did not affect the mutagenicity of 4NQO, and depressed that of B[a]P. Dose-response curves for mutagenicity of quercetin with or without AAF (5 micrograms/plate) were examined. The results suggest that quercetin, present in a molarity of up to 1.5 times that of AAF, is apparently effective in enhancing the mutagenicity of AAF, because a linear dose-response curve was observed in the range of 0-5 micrograms/plate quercetin with AAF although quercetin alone was not mutagenic in the same range. Dose-response curves for mutagenicity of quercetin with or without 5 micrograms/plate B[a]P did not increase compared with that for quercetin alone. The mutagenicity of the mixed application of B[a]P with quercetin was reduced to about 60% of the sum of separate application at doses ranging from 25 to 100 micrograms/plate of quercetin. Since enhancement and depression of mutagenicity by quercetin were observed for indirect mutagens, AAF and B[a]P, respectively, in the presence of S9 mix, quercetin may affect the metabolic pathway of these mutagens. PMID- 3919288 TI - Weak mutagenicity to Salmonella of the formaldehyde-releasing anti-tumour agent hexamethylmelamine. AB - Hexamethylmelamine (HEMLA) is a metabolism-dependent formaldehyde-releasing agent related in structure to hexamethylphosphoramide (HMPA). Both compounds are known to be mutagenic to Drosophila. HMPA, in common with the other formaldehyde releasing agents studied, is non-mutagenic to Salmonella. The present paper describes the mutagenicity of HEMLA to strain TA100 of Salmonella typhimurium. Activity is dependent upon both the use of a pre-incubation assay protocol and on high concentrations of Aroclor-induced rat liver in the S9 mix. HMPA was inactive under similar conditions of test. PMID- 3919286 TI - Investigation of the cytotoxic effects of DNA damaging agents on neurofibromatosis cells. AB - Cells cultured from individuals with neurofibromatosis, a genetic syndrome associated with a predisposition to malignancy, were studied. We examined survival as measured by colony formation in skin fibroblasts from 5 patients with neurofibromatosis after exposure to X-rays, ultraviolet light and an alkylating agent. We did not observe mutagen hypersensitivity in neurofibromatosis cells as compared to normal controls. PMID- 3919289 TI - Sensitivity of carcinogen-treated DNA to inactivation by ultraviolet radiation. AB - The DNA of bacteriophage SPO2c12 was treated with methylmethane sulfonate (MMS), beta-propiolactone (BPL), 2-anthramine (AA) or benzo[a]pyrene (BP) and then exposed to 254-nm radiation. Competent Bacillus subtilis host cells were transfected with DNA subjected to the carcinogen-UV treatment or with DNA treated with carcinogen only. Survival curves were obtained for loss of plaque-forming ability as a function of UV dose. The UV sensitivity of DNA treated with MMS, BPL or AA was not significantly different from that of untreated DNA. The results indicate that in competent B. subtilis the pathways for repair of alkylating agent damage and for repair of UV damage are probably different. PMID- 3919290 TI - Differential response to mitomycin-C- and cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) induced damage in normal human fibroblasts during confluent holding. AB - Confluent cultures of normal human fibroblasts were treated with the chemotherapeutic agents, mitomycin C (MMC) and cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (cis-Pt(II]. This treatment induced a decrease in clonogenic cell survival. Recovery of the cytotoxic effect was observed in the case of cis-Pt(II)-treated cultures maintained at confluence for 1-5 days. No such recovery was observed after treatment with MMC. These data suggest that contrary to potential lethal damage induced by cis-Pt(II) which is repaired in confluent cells, DNA damage induced by MMC is not repaired in confluent cells. PMID- 3919291 TI - A comprehensive exercise in comparative mutagenesis with exciting outcome or how good are mutation assays in predicting carcinogens? PMID- 3919292 TI - Bio-antimutagenic effects of tannic acid on UV and chemically induced mutagenesis in Escherichia coli B/r. AB - Tannic acid suppressed the mutagenesis in E. coli B/r WP2 trp- induced by UV or 4 nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO), but not that induced by gamma-rays or N-methyl-N' nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG). The depression of mutations induced by UV was most remarkable in the DNA-repair-proficient strain (WP2). Tannic acid, however, showed no bio-antimutagenic effect in the excision repair-deficient strain (WP2s uvrA- or ZA159 uvrB-) under the test conditions where no cellular toxicity was observed. The effect ceased within 30 min after UV irradiation. The inhibition of the expression of Trp+ phenotype and the delay of the first cell division after UV irradiation were not observed in the presence of tannic acid. From these results we conclude that tannic acid may enhance the excision-repair system probably by activating the repair enzymes or by interacting with DNA. PMID- 3919293 TI - Mitomycin C effects on cell cycle progression, including inhibition of very late prophase, as seen in living neuroblasts of Chortophaga viridifasciata, with some observations on mitomycin C purity. AB - Observations were made on living neuroblasts (Nbs) of the grasshopper (Chortophaga viridifasciata) embryo during a 4-h recovery period following 1-h in vitro exposure to 10(-8), 10(-6), and 10(-4) M mitomycin C (MMC). None of these concentrations affected the duration of mid-mitosis (prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase), but one as low as 10(-8) M causes a small reduction in the rate at which Nbs move through the remainder of the cell cycle, primarily by retarding their progress through S. As the concentration is increased there is slower movement through S and also prophase (there are no true G1 and G2 periods in the rapidly dividing Nb: 4-h cell cycle at 38 degrees C). A significant proportion of the cells exposed to 10(-4) M are blocked for 1 or more h at very late prophase, i.e., just before nuclear membrane breakdown. In such retarded prophases the chromosomes resemble c-metaphase chromosomes even though the nuclear membrane remains intact. Mass spectrometry data revealed that one lot of the MMC used contained one or more impurities. PMID- 3919295 TI - Free care, cholestyramine, and health policy. PMID- 3919294 TI - Institutional responses to prospective payment based on diagnosis-related groups. Implications for cost, quality, and access. PMID- 3919296 TI - DRGs and hospital readmissions. PMID- 3919298 TI - The Medicare debate. PMID- 3919297 TI - A trial of vancomycin for prophylaxis of infections after neurosurgical shunts. PMID- 3919299 TI - Federal support of graduate medical education. PMID- 3919300 TI - Plasma therapy for thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Sometimes it works, but why? PMID- 3919301 TI - Development of antibody to growth hormone-releasing factor. PMID- 3919302 TI - Clearing of cornea after perforating keratoplasty in mucopolysaccharidosis type VI (Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome) PMID- 3919303 TI - Parasegments and compartments in the Drosophila embryo. AB - One of the first steps in segmentation of the Drosophila embryo seems to be not the formation of segments, but instead the definition of 14 domains, each of which encroaches into adjacent segments. We call these domains parasegments and discuss their developmental significance. PMID- 3919304 TI - Critical test of a sister chromatid exchange model for the immunoglobulin heavy chain class switch. AB - B lymphocytes may switch from producing an immunoglobulin heavy chain of the mu class to that of the gamma, epsilon or alpha class. To maintain the specificity, the new heavy chain must keep the original variable (V) region; this is achieved by deleting DNA sequences so that the V (consisting of joined VH, diversity (DH) and joining (JH) gene segments) and C (constant) gene segments coding for the new heavy chain are brought into close proximity (reviewed in ref. 5; we do not consider here the mu-delta situation). There are, in principle, three types of chromosomal rearrangements that yield a deletion: rearrangement within a chromatid; unequal sister chromatid exchange (as suggested by Obata et al.); and unequal recombination between chromosomal homologues. We have analysed the arrangement of C mu DNA in clones of the pre-B-cell line 18-81 that switches in vitro from mu to gamma 2b. The clones examined produce either mu, gamma 2b or no immunoglobulin chain. We report here that all the gamma 2b clones had lost at least one copy of C mu and no clones contained three copies of C mu. These findings formally exclude both unequal sister chromatid exchange and recombination between homologues as mechanisms for creating a gene encoding the gamma 2b chain. PMID- 3919306 TI - Crossroads for archaebacteria. PMID- 3919305 TI - Yeast and mammalian ras proteins have conserved biochemical properties. AB - Mammalian ras oncogenes encode polypeptides of relative molecular mass (Mr) 21,000 (p21) which bind GTP and GDP. Oncogenic ras-encoded proteins differ from their normal homologues by an amino acid substitution for Gly 12, Ala 59 or Gln 61. Recently, we and others have observed that normal p21, encoded by the Ha-ras gene, has a GTP hydrolytic activity that is reduced by the oncogenic substitutions Val 12 or Thr 59. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae contains two ras-related genes, RASsc1 and RASsc2, the expression of either of which is sufficient for viability. RASsc1 and RASsc2 encode proteins of 309 (SC1) and 322 (SC2) residues which are 62% homologous to mammalian p21 in their 172-amino acid N-terminal sequences. We report here that the N-terminal domain of SC1 binds GTP and GDP and has a GTP hydrolytic activity that is reduced in the variants SC1[Thr 66] and SC1[Leu 68] which are analogous to oncogenic Ha[Thr 59] and Ha[Leu 61], respectively. These results suggest that yeast and mammalian ras proteins have similar biochemical and possibly biological functions. PMID- 3919307 TI - Two contrary modes of chemolithotrophy in the same archaebacterium. AB - Sulphur-dependent archaebacteria, which are found around nearly boiling continental solfataric springs and mud holes, can be assigned to two distinct branches: the aerobic, sulphur-oxidizing Sulfolobales and the strictly anaerobic sulphur-reducing Thermoproteales. Here, we report the isolation of a group of extremely thermophilic solfataric archaebacteria that are able to grow either strictly anaerobically by reduction, or fully aerobically by oxidation of molecular sulphur, depending on the oxygen supply. We have also established that the ability to grow in these two ways is shared by Sulfolobus brierleyi, a well known less thermophilic sulphur-oxidizing archaebacterium capable of ore leaching. The phenomenon may be dependent on a fundamental switch in genome expression. These organisms might represent the primitive fore-runners of sulphur oxidizing archaebacteria, meeting their energy requirements either by oxidation or by reduction of the same element. PMID- 3919308 TI - Cell-type-specific contacts to immunoglobulin enhancers in nuclei. AB - The introns separating the variable and constant regions of active immunoglobulin genes contain tissue-specific transcriptional enhancer elements, DNA segments which act in cis in an orientation- and distance-independent (up to a few kilobases (kb)) manner to enhance transcription initiation at adjacent promoters. The immunoglobulin heavy-chain enhancer is active only in lymphoid cells: in transfection assays it is capable of controlling in cis transcription from the simian virus 40 (SV40) T-antigen, rabbit beta-globin and immunoglobulin gene promoters up to at least 2 kb away. Genetic deletion analysis suggests that a region of as few as 140 base pairs (bp) is sufficient for the enhancement effect. These functional characteristics and DNA sequences are conserved between mouse and man. However, it is not known whether tissue-specific proteins bind to the enhancer. Proteins that interact with DNA at specific sequences can prevent or enhance the reactions of individual guanines or adenines with dimethyl sulphate (DMS), and this property has been used to display the DNA contacts of various regulatory proteins. Here we apply this DMS strategy in experiments involving single-copy genes within intact mammalian nuclei using genomic sequencing. PMID- 3919309 TI - Expression and function of interleukin-2 receptors on immature thymocytes. AB - T-cell differentiation represents a unique system for studying mechanisms of lymphoid development because it occurs in a segregated site, the thymus, in which distinct subpopulations of thymocytes at various stages of differentiation can be defined on the basis of the differential expression of T-cell surface antigens as well as topography. There is particular interest in thymocyte differentiation because the genotype of radioresistant thymus cells influences the specificity repertoire of the pool of T cells that mature therein: that is, the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens expressed by thymus cells bias the pool of maturing T cells towards recognition of antigens in the 'context' of the products of that MHC haplotype ('thymus education'; refs 1-3). Immature T cells with affinity for thymus MHC antigens are generally thought to undergo a stage of positive selection in the thymus. Here we report that 30% of cells in the least mature adult thymocyte subpopulation yet defined, as well as 50% of immature fetal thymocytes, express receptors for interleukin-2 (IL-2, the T-cell growth factor) without in vitro induction, and will proliferate vigorously in an IL-2 dependent fashion if provided with co-stimulating mitogen. PMID- 3919310 TI - Perspectives on prions. PMID- 3919311 TI - Control of T-cell development. PMID- 3919312 TI - Expression of interleukin-2 receptors as a differentiation marker on intrathymic stem cells. AB - The thymus is regarded as the primary site for T-cell lymphopoiesis, but very little is known about the lineage inter-relationships of cells within that organ. At least four subpopulations of mouse thymocytes can be defined on the basis of staining with monoclonal antibodies directed against the T-cell differentiation antigens Lyt-2 and L3T4 (ref. 2). Thus immunocompetent (medullary) thymocytes, like peripheral T cells, express either Lyt-2 (cytotoxic phenotype) or L3T4 (helper phenotype) but not both, whereas non-functional (cortical) thymocytes express both markers. In addition, a small subpopulation comprising 2-3% of cells in the thymus and expressing neither Lyt-2 nor L3T4 has recently been described. The latter cells have the properties of intrathymic 'stem cells' in that they are the first to appear in the embryonic thymus and at least some can be shown to give rise, both in vivo (ref. 4. and our unpublished data) and in vitro, to other thymocyte subpopulations. We show here that 50% of Lyt-2-/L3T4- cells in the adult thymus express receptors for the polypeptide growth hormone interleukin-2 (IL-2) whereas other cells in the thymus do not. Furthermore, immunohistochemical localization studies on frozen sections indicate a disperse distribution of IL-2 receptor-positive cells in both the cortex and medulla. These novel findings have potential implications in the context of current models of differentiation pathways within the thymus. PMID- 3919313 TI - Complementary genes for an adrenal enzyme deficiency. PMID- 3919314 TI - Stimulation of food intake in rats by centrally administered hypothalamic growth hormone-releasing factor. AB - Hypothalamic growth hormone-releasing factors (GRFs) have been purified recently from human pancreatic (hp) tumours and from rat hypothalamus (rh). GRF peptides have strong homology with peptides of the glucagon, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and PHI-27 family. Aside from their potent actions on release of somatotropin, no other biological actions of GRFs have been reported. GRF has been localized in neurones bordering the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus, a region associated frequently with experimental analysis of feeding behaviour. We now report that intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.)-administered rhGRF and hpGRF(1 40) in doses of 0.2, 2.0 and 20.0 pmol, produced an increase in food intake in hungry rats. This effect seemed to be specific to GRF as i.c.v. injections of a structurally related but physiologically inactive peptide in the same doses had no effect on feeding. In addition, peripheral injections of rhGRF or growth hormone had no effect on food intake, suggesting that the present effects may be mediated centrally. Injections (i.c.v.) of rhGRF (0.2, 2.0 and 20.0 pmol) had no effect on general activity, suggesting that GRF does not produce nonspecific arousal. PMID- 3919315 TI - Action potential mutations stop a biological clock in Drosophila. AB - The Drosophila melanogaster male produces a species-specific courtship song by wing vibration. The most conspicuous feature of the song is a series of pulses with a 30-40-ms interpulse interval (IPI) which oscillate in wild-type males with a period of 50-60 s. This short-term biological rhythm in IPI is influenced by several gene mutations at the period (per) locus, which alter the normal 24-h free-running period of the circadian clock and have corresponding effects on the song cycle. The present study reveals that, under restrictive conditions, temperature-sensitive mutations which affect neuronal membrane excitability seem to stop the biological clock underlying the fruitfly's song rhythm. PMID- 3919316 TI - Comparative chromosome mapping of a conserved homoeo box region in mouse and human. AB - Specific genes are assumed to regulate pattern formation in the mammalian embryo, but as yet none has been identified unequivocally. It is possible that such genes in mammals may be identified by virtue of a conserved coding sequence, because many of the Drosophila melanogaster homoeotic and segmentation genes, which have crucial roles in the regulation of segmental pattern formation during embryonic development, contain a 180-base pair (bp) DNA sequence, the homoeo box, and that sequences homologous to the Drosophila homoeo box are also present in 6-10 copies in higher animals, including mammals. Although the assumption that the homoeo box identifies genes responsible for pattern formation in mammals remains to be validated, it is a particularly attractive hypothesis given the strong conservation of homoeo boxes over vast evolutionary distances. Here we report the localization of a human homoeo box region, previously cloned and shown to contain two homoeo boxes within a sequence of 5-kilobases (kb), to the long arm of chromosome 17. We show that two single-copy homoeo box-flanking probes derived from this region strongly hybridize to single-copy restriction fragments in mouse genomic DNA and that these conserved homoeo box-flanking sequences map to mouse chromosome 11. This may be significant as several genes that map to chromosome 17 in human also map to chromosome 11 in the mouse, implying that a segment of mouse chromosome 11 is homologous to a region of human chromosome 17. Taken together, these data suggest that the homoeo box region detected with our probes is highly conserved in human and mouse. PMID- 3919318 TI - Sponsor-dependent drug resistance in B. subtilis reappears at high antibiotic concentrations. PMID- 3919317 TI - Utilization of one promoter by two forms of RNA polymerase from Bacillus subtilis. AB - Bacillus subtilis possesses several forms of RNA polymerase, each differing in its sigma subunit and its specificity of promoter recognition. The sequential appearance of sigma subunits, which change the promoter recognition specificity of RNA polymerase, may have a key role in controlling the temporal pattern of gene expression required for endospore development in B. subtilis. Several genes that are expressed over relatively long periods of time during the developmental cycle are transcribed by more than one form of RNA polymerase, which initiate transcription from either tandem or overlapping promoter. The promoter region for the ctc gene is interesting because transcription is initiated at or near the same position by both sigma 37 RNA polymerase (E sigma 37), a minor form in growing cells, and sigma 29 RNA polymerase (E sigma 29), a form which appears approximately 2 h after the initiation of sproulation. Here we report that several base substitutions in the ctc promoter differentially affect the utilization of the promoter by E sigma 37 or E sigma 29. PMID- 3919319 TI - Committee report upholds College's view: support for a better deal in the community. PMID- 3919321 TI - [Laminar distribution of neurons with different types of receptive fields in the visual cortex of the rabbit]. AB - 232 neurons of rabbit visual cortex were classified as cells with simple (34.1%), complex (16.4%), hypercomplex (18.5%), non-oriented (21.1%) receptive fields and other (9.9%). Some quantitative characteristics of cellular responses (background activity, velocity and tuning of orientation selectivity) correlated with these receptive field properties. Cells with non-oriented receptive fields were predominant in layer IV and occurred very rarely in layer VI. Cells with simple receptive fields were found in all layers, but were predominant in layer VI. Cells with complex receptive fields occurred with greater frequency in layer V and VI and less commonly in layer IV. Cells with hypercomplex receptive fields occurred frequently in layers II + III and IV but very rarely in layers V and VI. The rate of the background activity of layer II + III cells was the lowest and that of layer V cells--the highest. Tuning of orientation selectivity of simple and complex cells was narrower in layers II + III and V than in layers IV and VI. PMID- 3919320 TI - [Induction of slow membrane potential oscillations and burst activity in neuron PPa1 of Helix pomatia by a calcium ionophore and serotonin]. AB - The nonbursting pattern of activity of the neuron RPa1 in preparations from dormant snails Helix lucorum was reversibly transformed into the bursting one by addition of Ca-ionophore A23187 (10(-6)-10(-5) M) or serotonin (10(-5)-10(-4) M) into the saline. The slow waves underlying bursts disappeared in presence of quinine (10(-4) M) thus suggesting involvement of Ca-dependent K-conductance in the mechanism of burst generation. PMID- 3919322 TI - [Clinical indications for the use of mobile long-term EEG]. PMID- 3919323 TI - Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors and the regulation of serum LDL levels. PMID- 3919324 TI - Diabetes mellitus and insulin receptors. PMID- 3919325 TI - Receptors in immunology. PMID- 3919326 TI - Haemodynamic state in severe chronic renal failure. Pathophysiological aspects of cardiovascular function and the importance of bicarbonate dialysis. AB - Patients with chronic renal failure were investigated, immediately before dialysis and during haemodialysis for central and systemic haemodynamic parameters. The treatment used was changed from acetate to bicarbonate dialysis. Additionally, acid-base values were assessed and continuous long-time electroencephalographic monitoring was performed. As the severity of the cardiac dysfunction is a decided contributory determinant of the quality of dialysis, we have turned our attention to the changes in cardiac and circulatory function during the predialysis phase and the best method of treating them. PMID- 3919327 TI - Serum alpha-1-acid glycoprotein in chronic renal failure. AB - We measured the serum concentration of alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AAG) in 30 healthy subjects (controls), in 54 patients with various degrees of residual renal function (group I), and in 98 patients in the terminal phase of chronic renal failure (CRF) on both conservative and dialytic therapy (group II). A positive correlation between the logarithm of serum AAG and serum creatinine levels was found in group I. Serum AAG increased significantly when serum creatinine rose above 10 mg/dl. This fact would indicate that a retention of the substance occurs as the renal function falls. The mean serum concentration of AAG was significantly higher in group II patients, with no difference between those on conservative therapy and those on maintenance hemodialysis. However, levels above normal were present in only a minority of cases. We conclude that the serum AAG measurement maintains its diagnostic value as an acute phase reactant also in the terminal phase of CRF. PMID- 3919328 TI - Atresia of the foramen of Monro resulting in severe unilateral hydrocephalus with subfalcial herniation and infratentorial diverticulum. AB - A case of severe unilateral hydrocephalus associated with ventricular diverticulum and subfalcial herniation secondary to likely atresia of the foramen of Monro is presented. Both atresia of the foramen of Monro and ventricular diverticulum are rare conditions in hydrocephalus. The case presented here is the third reported case with both unique entities. PMID- 3919329 TI - Diagnosis of brain abscesses with indium-111-labeled leukocytes. AB - Sixteen patients with intracerebral mass lesions where computed tomography (CT) was not fully conclusive with respect to the differential diagnosis between brain tumor and abscess were examined with leukocyte brain scintigraphy (LBS). Autologous leukocytes were labeled with indium-111 oxinate and were reinjected intravenously; registration with a gamma camera was performed after 24 and 48 hours. In 10 of 11 patients with the final diagnosis of a brain tumor, no accumulation of radiolabeled leukocytes could be detected in the brain. In 4 of 5 patients with the final diagnosis of brain abscess, scintigraphy showed a pronounced increase of focal activity corresponding to the lesion demonstrated with CT. The reasons for the one false-positive and the one false-negative result are discussed, and it is concluded that LBS (a) can be used to detect intracranial infection and (b) may be a useful diagnostic tool for distinguishing between brain abscess and brain tumor. PMID- 3919330 TI - Experimental carbon dioxide laser brain lesions and intracranial dynamics: Part 1. Effect on intracranial pressure, systemic arterial pressure, central venous pressure, electroencephalography, and gross pathology. AB - Experimental brain lesions were created in the left parietooccipital cortex of the albino rabbit through the intact dura mater with high radiating carbon dioxide laser energy (40-watt impacts of 0.5-second duration for a total of 4 seconds on a 12.5-mm surface). Behavior, intracranial pressure (ICP), systolic arterial pressure (SAP), central venous pressure (CVP), electroencephalography (EEG), and gross pathology were studied at 2, 6, and 24 hours after the insult at a constant PaCO2 (38-42 torr). Disruption of the blood-brain barrier (Evans blue extravasation) was uniformly seen extending from the impact crater into the surrounding white matter in all groups. The ICP was elevated in sham-operated animals at 2 hours after the impact, and it remained elevated at 6 and 24 hours. The EEG revealed severe slowing with high voltage waves in the insulted left hemisphere. There was no change in mean SAP or CVP when compared to the sham operated group. In the dexamethasone-pretreated group, there was a reduction of ICP when compared to the untreated group at 24 hours after the insult (P less than 0.005), but no changes in the gross pathology were noted. PMID- 3919331 TI - Postictal pulmonary edema in children. AB - Pulmonary edema complicating generalized tonic-clonic seizures has rarely been reported in children, although it has been well documented in adults. We report two patients, aged 8 and 9 years, who developed clinical and radiographic evidence of the condition. Fever, leukocytosis, and arterial hypoxemia are seen in the absence of cardiac dysfunction or infection. Rapid and complete recovery is to be expected if supportive therapy is instituted. Since these patients had no underlying cardiac pathology, control of the seizures will prevent further episodes. PMID- 3919332 TI - Vascular complications of parametrial radioactive gold treatment for cervical cancer. PMID- 3919333 TI - A program for pediatric intern orientation. PMID- 3919334 TI - Stability of epinephrine in dental anesthetic solutions: implications for autoclave sterilization and elevated temperature storage. PMID- 3919335 TI - Dental identification and the P-3 crash in Hawaii. PMID- 3919336 TI - The geriatric patient on an acute psychiatric service: a case study. PMID- 3919337 TI - Orthopedic management of wartime trauma patients. PMID- 3919338 TI - Psychiatric disturbances among Australian Vietnam veterans. PMID- 3919339 TI - Anxieties incidental to normal pigmentations of the oral mucosa. PMID- 3919340 TI - The prevalence of lip injury during U.S. Army cold-weather exercises. PMID- 3919341 TI - Preparing Army physicians for practice: II. A transition to practice seminar. PMID- 3919343 TI - Helping your patient "settle in' with TPN. PMID- 3919342 TI - A combat casualty course for increasing the operational readiness of reserve component health care professionals. PMID- 3919344 TI - DRGs: now all eyes are on you. PMID- 3919345 TI - Amalgam of nursing acuity, DRGs and costs. PMID- 3919346 TI - Acidosis in the vigorous newborn. AB - Simultaneous measurements of maternal arterial and umbilical cord blood pH, PCO2, and base deficit at delivery were studied in 168 live-born infants and their mothers. The correlations between maternal and umbilical parameters were highly significant (P less than .001) and were greater in vigorous than in depressed newborns. Mothers of vigorous acidotic infants had a lower pH and a higher base deficit than those of vigorous nonacidotic infants (P less than .001). However, the maternal-fetal differences were wider in the vigorous acidotic than in the vigorous nonacidotic newborns for all three parameters, and in both umbilical vein and umbilical artery (P less than .001). The data indicate that maternal acidosis accounts only partially for the acidosis observed at the time of delivery in the apparently normal fetus. With neonatal depression, the degree of acidosis is not dependent on maternal pH but on other factors. These factors may be influenced by maternal acidosis, but they are the major reasons for the neonatal depression, not the maternal acidosis. PMID- 3919347 TI - Spurious thrombocytopenia during pregnancy. AB - Thrombocytopenia in four healthy pregnant women proved to be spurious and caused by in vitro clumping of platelets (three) or adherence of platelets to granulocytes (one) in the presence of edetic acid used to anticoagulate the blood. All had normal vaginal deliveries without unusual bleeding. One of the newborns transiently exhibited the phenomenon of platelet clumping in vitro, probably due to transplacental transfer of the platelet agglutinin from the mother. Recognition of these laboratory artifacts is important to avoid unwarranted investigations and inappropriate management of the mother and infant. Careful examination of a blood smear in all thrombocytopenic patients is the best safeguard against being misled by spurious thrombocytopenia. PMID- 3919348 TI - Intrauterine transfusion in an Rh-immunized twin pregnancy: a case report of successful outcome and a review of the literature. AB - Fifteen sets of twins have been reported among 2331 pregnancies complicated by Rh alloimmunization of sufficient severity to warrant intrauterine transfusions. Four of the 15 sets were managed in Winnipeg, Canada. One of the four is described in detail in the present report. Serial amniocenteses (N = 15) and intrauterine transfusions (N = 8) were used in the management of the dizygous affected twin fetuses with a favorable outcome. Factors contributing to the survival of the twins are described. PMID- 3919349 TI - Management of Landry-Guillain-Barre syndrome in pregnancy. AB - The criteria for Landry-Guillain-Barre syndrome are reviewed and a case of a patient requiring respirator support during pregnancy is presented. Based on a current review of the literature, a total of 29 cases have been reported with an estimated fetal survival rate of 96% (26 of 27). The syndrome is not affected by pregnancy or pregnancy termination. Respirator support has the highest risk of maternal morbidity and mortality but should be minimized with modern pulmonary treatment. Additional management considerations are discussed. PMID- 3919350 TI - Pregnancy complicated by rhesus sensitization and the May-Hegglin anomaly. AB - The authors describe a pregnancy complicated by rhesus sensitization and the May Hegglin anomaly. The principal objective in caring for the patient was prevention of maternal and fetal hemorrhage. Transfusion of type-specific platelets corrected the patient's abnormal bleeding time. Cesarean section resulted in delivery of a healthy, but thrombocytopenic, infant who subsequently was shown to have the May-Hegglin defect. PMID- 3919351 TI - Pneumatosis intestinalis associated with enteral feeding by catheter jejunostomy. AB - Pneumatosis intestinalis is an unusual, but potentially serious, postoperative complication. The differential diagnosis includes life-threatening conditions, such as intestinal necrosis, that may require immediate surgical intervention. The authors describe a case of pneumatosis intestinalis occurring postoperatively in a seriously ill patient with advanced ovarian cancer. The cause of pneumatosis intestinalis was attributed to enteral feeding by catheter jejunostomy, and a successful outcome is reported after conservative management. As the use of enteral feeding through catheter jejunostomies will likely increase, this cause of pneumatosis intestinalis must be recognized. PMID- 3919352 TI - Effects of nicotine-containing chewing gum on oral soft and hard tissues: A clinical study. AB - A double-blind clinical trial was conducted to determine whether the use of a chewing gum containing 2.0 mg nicotine (as an adjunct to a stop-smoking program) had any effects upon oral health. A total of 193 adults who smoked cigarettes volunteered with informed consent, were given routine dental prophylaxes, and were examined for the presence of plaque, stained pellicle, gingivitis, calculus, and general oral pathosis. The subjects were then randomly assigned to use either a nicotine-containing or a placebo chewing gum. After 15 weeks the subjects were recalled and re-examined. Smoking cessation was determined through questionnaire and analysis of the carbon monoxide content of alveolar air. At the completion of the study, 79 subjects had used the placebo gum and 78 had used the nicotine gum. Data analysis indicated that the nicotine chewing gum had no significant influence on any of the oral health parameters graded, as compared to the placebo gum. The continuation of smoking, however, was associated with significant increases in gingivitis and calculus rates. PMID- 3919353 TI - Use of an institutional ethics team on a pediatric service. PMID- 3919354 TI - The roles of legal counsel in hospital risk management. PMID- 3919356 TI - [Treatment of complex injuries of the talocrural joint]. PMID- 3919355 TI - Process auditing in long term care facilities. AB - The ECC tool development and audit experiences indicated that there is promise in developing a process audit tool to monitor quality of care in nursing homes; moreover, the tool selected required only one hour per resident. Focusing on the care process and resident needs provided useful information for care providers at the unit level as well as for administrative personnel. Besides incorporating a more interdisciplinary focus, the revised tool needs to define support services most appropriate for nursing homes, includes items related to discharge planning and increases measurement of significant others' involvement in the care process. Future emphasis at the ECC will focus on developing intervention plans to maintain strengths and correct deficiencies identified in the audits. Various strategies to bring about desired changes in the quality of care will be evaluated through regular, periodic monitoring. Having a valid and reliable measure of quality of care as a tool will be an important step forward for LTC facilities. PMID- 3919357 TI - ["Worthy of life and unworthy of life"--not an alternative for the physician]. PMID- 3919358 TI - [Lactic acid acidosis with mitochondrial myopathy due to a pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency]. AB - We report on a patient, now 17 year old, in whom lactic acidosis was detected at the age of 7 while attempting to diagnose the causes of increasing weakness. The laboratory examinations revealed elevated pyruvate, alanine and oxaloacetate levels in serum and also a lowered citrate level. This led us to suspect a disturbance of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. Reduced pyruvate dehydrogenase activation in leucocytes and muscle tissue was indeed found. This article reports on the 10 year history of this case and attempts to establish a connection between the various symptoms observed and the underlying metabolic defect. PMID- 3919359 TI - Nurses and the health cost crisis: a strategic approach to the challenge. PMID- 3919360 TI - [Analytical interference of lipid parenteral feeding with the determination of methemoglobin levels by an autoanalyzer]. AB - We report here an unusual cause of analytical interference observed in methemoglobin values of patients parenterally given nutritive lipid emulsions. In these patients, harboured in intensive care department, T Hb, % O2 Hb, % COHb, Met Hb values are systematically measured using IL 282 CO-Oximeter autoanalyser in addition to daily blood gas determination (pH, PaCO2, PaO2). An increase in % Met Hb rate up to 10-20% was observed in lipid emulsions receiving patients. We first verified that washing red blood cells with saline instantaneously lowers Met Hb values to less than 1%. The mechanism of this interference was addressed by performing three Met Hb determination methods in normal blood in vitro added with variable amounts of lipid emulsions: CO-Oximeter determination, classical Evelyn Malloy method, analysis of continuous absorption spectra between 480 and 640 nm. Results corroborate the spectral origin of the analytical interference observed with CO-Oximeter and leading to false positive values. Blood lipids increase unspecifically the wave length proportional absorption between 480 and 640 nm. Evelyn Malloy's technique suppresses this interference since it uses the ratio of differences in optical densities. Our results emphasize the necessity of knowing patients therapeutics when performing laboratory investigations. PMID- 3919361 TI - Management of chronic diarrhea with parenteral nutrition and enteral infusion techniques. PMID- 3919362 TI - Pay: the knock-on effect. PMID- 3919363 TI - When can she come home? PMID- 3919364 TI - Symposium on infections in the compromised host. Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. AB - By providing a supportive-educative atmosphere, the nurse can develop the patient's self-care agency. This is the patient's ability to learn and perform diabetes self-management routines. A vital part of diabetes self-management is the prevention of infection. Through the nurse's knowledge of the relationship between diabetes and infection and through the nursing intervention of patient education, the diabetic individual can integrate the avoidance of infection into self-management. PMID- 3919365 TI - Symposium on infections in the compromised host. Neutropenia. Causes, complications, treatment, and resulting nursing care. AB - The neutropenic patient presents a major challenge to the nurse. Nurses must understand the underlying causes of neutropenia, the treatments indicated, and the increased risk of infection that is inherent to the condition. The ability to identify patients at high risk for infection, institute appropriate preventive measures, carry out proper patient teaching, assessment, and treatment techniques, and provide supportive care to patients with neutropenia will help to prevent overwhelming sepsis and possible death. PMID- 3919366 TI - Symposium on infections in the compromised host. The leukemias. AB - The treatment of acute leukemia in the adult causes prolonged and profound granulocytopenia. When the patient has less than 100 granulocytes per microliter, the risk of life-threatening infection is extremely high. Major infections include bacteremia, pneumonia, pharyngitis, esophagitis, colitis, perianal or perirectal lesions, and cellulitis. The major organisms are gram-negative bacilli (especially Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae), gram-positive organisms (Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus), the yeasts (Candida albicans and Torulopsis glabrata), and the filamentous fungi (Aspergillus flavus and fumigatus). Infection prevention includes the return to normal of the patient's host defense mechanisms, reduction of invasive procedures which breach body barriers, and methods to decrease the acquisition of potential pathogens, and to reduce the number of organisms colonizing the patient. PMID- 3919367 TI - Symposium on infections in the compromised host. Hematologic effects of cancer chemotherapy. AB - Use of the antineoplastic agents frequently causes myelosuppression and neutropenia. Neutropenic patients often fail to manifest the usual signs and symptoms of infection; they are unable to mount an adequate inflammatory response and infection disseminates rapidly. There is a direct correlation between the degree of granulocytopenia and the incidence and severity of infections. During the period of granulocytopenia (the vulnerable period) the risk of infection is high. While safeguarding the patient throughout the entire period of hospitalization, nurses should be more vigilant during this time. They must be alert to subtle signs of infection and the patient should be monitored closely for increased temperature (greater than or equal to 101 degrees F), mouth sores, sore throat, cough, congestion, or dysuria. The patient undergoing chemotherapy faces many threats to survival. This patient also offers an extraordinary challenge to nursing practitioners because good care may significantly improve the patient's quality and length of life. PMID- 3919368 TI - Nursing measures for the prevention of infection in the compromised host. AB - Deficits in the external and internal defense mechanisms place immune-suppressed patients at great risk of acquiring deficit-specific infections. This article will acquaint nurses, patients, and their families with the many measures that are available to them to prevent such infections and the mortality associated with them. Many of these measures can prolong the time available to patients to receive treatment that may arrest or reverse the underlying disease processes. PMID- 3919370 TI - Down your way. Caring on the coast. PMID- 3919369 TI - Care of the pediatric oncology patient in a laminar air flow setting. A conceptual framework for nursing practice. AB - The care of patients in a protected environment can be enhanced by using a conceptual framework for nursing practice. A philosophy of care that includes the essentials of patients' rights and values can be implemented through specified goals of care. The net result of this approach is that the patient feels successfully supported, the family and significant others recognize their value as contributors to the well-being of the patient, and the multidisciplinary team has increased feelings of professional worth. PMID- 3919371 TI - Nutrition. 2. Short-term parenteral feeding. PMID- 3919372 TI - Management. Patient costing exercise. PMID- 3919373 TI - Management of patients with intractable seizures. PMID- 3919374 TI - Pharyngeal infections. Causes, findings, and management. AB - Pharyngitis is one of the most common clinical problems. Its causes are multiple, two of the best known being streptococcal infection and infectious mononucleosis. Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infections are the focus of diagnostic and therapeutic efforts aimed at reducing the risk of both suppurative and nonsuppurative complications. Several non-group A infections are important to recognize as sources of pharyngitis. In addition, mycoplasmal and chlamydial pharyngitis may be more prevalent than is realized. The possibility of gonococcal pharyngitis should be given special attention because of the severity of complications. Recurrent pharyngitis is difficult to manage. Except for certain specific indications, tonsillectomy remains an unproven therapeutic approach. PMID- 3919375 TI - Infection in the pediatric intensive care unit. How to minimize the risk. PMID- 3919376 TI - Current classification of epilepsies. Guide to seizure type and characteristics. PMID- 3919377 TI - Diagnosis of epileptic seizures. Complementary roles of electroencephalography and computed tomography. PMID- 3919378 TI - Virginiamycin and laying hen performance. AB - Two experiments were conducted for five 28-day periods each. In Experiments 1 and 2, Hyline W-36 hens, 36 and 26 weeks of age, respectively, were used. Experiment 1 was designed to measure the effect of virginiamycin on hen performance and egg characteristics when supplementing a diet having low pigmentation potential. In Experiment 2, the diet contained 3% added fat with 0, 10, and 20 ppm virginiamycin. In Experiment 1, virginiamycin-supplemented hens showed increased (P less than or equal to .05) egg production, body weight, and improved feed efficiency. When egg production and feed efficiency were ranked by quartiles within the control and virginiamycin-supplemented groups, virginiamycin was shown to benefit only the poorer producing hens. In Experiment 2, added fat improved feed efficiency; however, the response to virginiamycin, as observed in Experiment 1, did not occur. PMID- 3919379 TI - [Suffering and structuralization in convulsive diseases in childhood]. PMID- 3919380 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of pyruvate carboxylase deficiency. AB - Prenatal diagnosis of pyruvate carboxylase (PC) deficiency was performed in a family at risk for the acute neonatal form of this disease which manifests secondary citrullinemia. The diagnosis of an affected child was confirmed by enzyme assay and 3H-biotin labelling of proteins in cultured fetal skin fibroblasts. Sufficient amniocytes were cultured in 3-4 weeks for enzyme analysis in two centres. Citrulline concentration in amniotic fluid (AF) was normal in the affected fetus. PMID- 3919381 TI - Cloned cDNA for rabbit erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase I: A novel erythrocyte specific probe to study development in erythroid tissues. AB - Present understanding of gene expression in erythropoietic tissues is derived solely from studies of the globin genes. Of the three distinct carbonic anhydrase (carbonate dehydratase; carbonate hydro-lyase, EC 4.2.1.1) isozymes, carbonic anhydrase I is erythrocyte-specific and, in humans, is under developmental control. The appearance of carbonic anhydrase I in the erythrocyte late in fetal life follows closely the gamma- to beta-globin switch. In order to study the expression of this erythrocyte-specific nonglobin protein, we set out to isolate a cloned carbonic anhydrase I cDNA. A mixture of 17-base-long synthetic oligonucleotides was used as an in situ hybridization probe to screen a rabbit reticulocyte cDNA library. Two clones were isolated, and the complete nucleotide sequence of the clone with the largest insert was determined and shown to code for carbonic anhydrase I. This clone, designated pRCAI, is near full length and has provided the 40% of the amino acid sequence of rabbit carbonic anhydrase I, which was not known hitherto. The deduced primary structure has revealed potentially significant changes in the vicinity of the active site of the rabbit carbonic anhydrase I when compared with carbonic anhydrase I and II sequences from other species. PMID- 3919382 TI - Antisera against a guanine nucleotide binding protein from retina cross-react with the beta subunit of the adenylyl cyclase-associated guanine nucleotide binding proteins, Ns and Ni. AB - Antisera were produced in rabbits against a guanine nucleotide binding protein (N protein), transducin, purified from bovine retina. Antiserum AS/1, which recognized all three subunits (alpha, beta, and gamma) of the holoprotein, was tested for cross-reactivity with the subunits of the adenylyl cyclase [adenylate cyclase; ATP pyrophosphate-lyase (cyclizing), EC 4.6.1.1]-associated stimulatory (Ns) and inhibitory (Ni) N proteins purified from human erythrocytes. As/1 showed strong reactivity against the beta subunits of both Ns and Ni but failed to cross react with either the alpha or gamma subunits of Ns and Ni. Seven additional antisera against transducin reacted with the beta subunits but not with the alpha or gamma subunits of Ns and Ni. A single antiserum against transducin reacted with the alpha subunit of Ni but not of Ns. Immunostaining of the beta subunits of Ns and Ni was proportional to the amount of beta subunit blotted and to the antiserum concentration. Immunostaining of either human erythrocyte or bovine cerebral cortical plasma membrane proteins with AS/1 showed a single band, comigrating with the beta subunit of transducin; this band was absent in bovine erythrocyte membranes. Estimation of the amount of beta subunit by immunoblotting with AS/1 showed that the beta subunit comprises approximately equal to 2% of bovine cerebral cortical plasma membrane protein, approximately equal to 100-fold more than in human erythrocyte membranes. These findings provide immunochemical evidence for similarities in the beta subunits and differences in the alpha and gamma subunits of this family of N proteins. Antisera against transducin react specifically with the beta subunits of Ns and Ni in crude plasma membranes and, thus, can serve as specific probes for the beta subunit. PMID- 3919384 TI - Proapolipoprotein A-I conversion kinetics in vivo in human and in rat. AB - We have determined the turnover rates for proapolipoprotein A-I (proapoA-I) and mature apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) in vivo in human and in rat. For the human study, high density lipoprotein (HDL)-associated 125I-labeled proapoA-I (A-I isoform 1) and 131I-labeled mature apoA-I (A-I isoforms 3, 4, and 5) were injected simultaneously into two normal volunteers. Blood samples were obtained serially and HDL proapoA-I and mature apoA-I were separated by isoelectrofocusing for the determination of the associated radioactivity. Residence times of proapoA I and mature apoA-I were 0.13 and 3.9 days and production rates were 9.0 and 9.3 mg/kg per day, respectively. Analysis of the specific activity curves suggested a complete proapoA-I to mature apoA-I precursor-product relationship. Proprotein conversion was virtually completed in 24 hr. For the rat study, HDL- and lymph chylomicron- (flotation constant Sf greater than 400 S) associated 125I-labeled proapoA-I and 131I-mature apoA-I were injected into fasted rats. Residence times of proapoA-I and mature apoA-I injected in association with HDL were 0.13 and 0.28 day, respectively, and for injection associated with chylomicrons the residence times were 0.08 and 0.26 day. When associated with chylomicrons, proapoA-I was converted more efficiently to the mature form. As in the human study, the results demonstrated a complete proapoA-I to mature apoA-I precursor product relationship. Our data are consistent with the concepts that (i) conversion to mature apoA-I is the major proapoA-I catabolic fate in plasma; (ii) mature apoA-I is conceivably derived solely from proapoA-I in plasma and proapoA I is the major apoA-I form secreted in vivo; and (iii) a putative proapoA-I chylomicron complex is the preferred substrate for the apoA-I propeptidase. PMID- 3919383 TI - Superoxide dismutase: an evolutionary puzzle. AB - We have obtained the complete amino acid sequence of copper/zinc-containing superoxide dismutase (SOD, superoxide:superoxide oxidoreductase, EC 1.15.1.1) from Drosophila melanogaster. The sequence of this enzyme is also known for man, horse, cow, and the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The rate of evolution of this enzyme is far from constant. The number of amino acid substitutions per 100 residues per 100 million years is 30.9 when the three mammals are compared to each other, 10.6 when Drosophila is compared to the three mammals, and 5.8 when the yeast is compared to the four animals. The first value represents one of the fastest evolutionary rates for any protein, the second is similar to the globin rate, and the third is similar to some cytochromes and other slowly evolving proteins. Hence, SOD is not an acceptable evolutionary clock. Another peculiarity of this enzyme is that a two-amino-acid deletion must have occurred independently in the lineages going to the cow and to Drosophila. We conclude that using the primary structure of a single gene or protein to time evolutionary events or to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships is potentially fraught with error. PMID- 3919385 TI - Antibodies to peptides corresponding to a conserved sequence of gonococcal pilins block bacterial adhesion. AB - Antisera generated against each of seven synthetic peptides corresponding to constant and variable sequences of the pilin from gonococcal strain MS11 were assayed for their ability to crossreact with intact pili from both homologous and heterologous strains. The peptides elicited roughly equal antipeptide responses but varied substantially in their ability to elicit antisera that crossreacted with intact pili. Of the antisera to peptides corresponding to regions of conserved sequence, antisera directed against residues 69-84 were the most efficient in binding pili from all strains tested in both solid-phase assays and immunoblots. Anti-69-84 also efficiently precipitated a tryptic fragment of pilin known to bind human endocervical cells. Sera against the two peptides (121-134 and 135-151) previously shown to contain strain-specific epitopes crossreacted with MS11 pili equally well, but differed in their ability to bind pili from heterologous strains. Anti-121-134 was strain-specific whereas anti-135-151 bound all pilin tested. Each of the sera was examined for its ability to inhibit bacterial adhesion to a human endometrial carcinoma cell line. Sera generated against residues 41-50 and 69-84 successfully inhibited a heterologous gonococcal strain from binding. These peptides could be important components of an effective vaccine for the prevention of gonorrhea. PMID- 3919386 TI - Sex determination: a hypothesis based on noncoding DNA. AB - Certain recent models of sex determination in mammals, Drosophila melanogaster, Caenorhabditis elegans, and snakes are examined in the light of the hypothesis that the relevant genetic regulatory mechanisms are similar and interrelated. The proposed key element in each of these instances is a noncoding DNA sequence, which serves as a high-affinity binding site for a repressor-like molecule regulating the activity of a major "sex-determining" gene. On this basis it is argued that, in several eukaryotes, (i) certain DNA sequences that are sex determining are noncoding, in the sense that they are not the structural genes of a sex-determining protein; (ii) in some species these noncoding sequences are present in one sex and absent in the other, while in others their copy number or accessibility to regulatory molecules is significantly unequal between the two sexes; and (iii) this inequality determines whether the embryo develops into a male or a female. PMID- 3919387 TI - NZB mouse system for production of monoclonal antibodies to weak bacterial antigens: isolation of an IgG antibody to the polysaccharide capsules of Escherichia coli K1 and group B meningococci. AB - A system for the production of monoclonal antibodies, particularly of the IgG type, against weakly immunogenic bacterial polysaccharide antigens is described. This system, which is based on the autoimmune NZB mouse strain, has been used to produce a monoclonal IgG2a antibody against the meningococcus group B and Escherichia coli K1 polysaccharides, identical homopolymers of alpha (2----8) linked units of N-acetylneuraminic acid that are extremely poor immunogens. Comparison of the humoral immune responses of normal BALB/c mice and autoimmune NZB mice to hyperimmunization with group A, B, and C meningococci showed that, although both strains mounted a weak meningococcal B polysaccharide-specific IgM response, only the NZB strain mounted an IgG response. Similarly, NZB mice mounted a stronger IgG response to the more immunogenic group C meningococcal polysaccharide than did BALB/c mice, although this difference was less pronounced than that observed with meningococcal B polysaccharide. No difference between the two strains of mice was demonstrable with the strongly antigenic group A meningococcal polysaccharide. These results indicate that the NZB system may be generally useful for the production of monoclonal antibodies against weakly antigenic bacterial determinants. PMID- 3919388 TI - Identification of a membrane-associated interleukin 1 in macrophages. AB - We have found a surface membrane-associated interleukin 1 (IL-1) with potent thymocyte and T-cell stimulatory activity on peptone-elicited peritoneal macrophages. The IL-1 activity was demonstrated on both fixed macrophage monolayers and on isolated membranes from unfixed macrophages. Membrane IL-1 was induced by adherence and/or by adding heat-killed Listeria monocytogenes to macrophage cultures. The macrophage membrane IL-1 was similar functionally and antigenically to soluble IL-1, but its expression could be temporally dissociated from IL-1 secretion; membrane IL-1 was induced earlier and persisted longer than IL-1 secretion during in vitro macrophage culture. Moreover, when cultured macrophages that had ceased both secretion and membrane expression of IL-1 were restimulated by adding heat-killed Listeria, substantial membrane IL-1 was induced in the absence of detectable IL-1 secretion. Membrane IL-1 appears to be an integral membrane protein since it was solubilized by detergent but was not eluted by EDTA, high salt, or low pH treatment of the membranes. PMID- 3919389 TI - Circulating hydroxy fatty acids in familial Mediterranean fever. AB - Episodes of fever, serositis, and arthritis in familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) suggested circulating mediators of acute inflammation (e.g., neutrophil activation). The mean serum neutrophil-aggregating activity of 51 FMF patients was 2.5 +/- 0.2 cm2/min, compared to 1.0 +/- 0.1 cm2/min in 20 normal controls (P less than 0.0002). Lipid extracts of FMF sera retained neutrophil-aggregating activity and had UV absorbance peaks at 269 and 279 nm, indicating the presence of lipids with a conjugated triene structure. Chromatography of extracts yielded peaks that were coeluted with reference dihydroxyicosatetraenoic acids, had UV absorbance peaks at 259, 269, and 279 nm, and possessed neutrophil-aggregating activity. The presence of leukotriene B4 was excluded by chromatography following methyl-esterification. Monohydroxy compounds identified in FMF extracts by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry included 5-hydroxyicosatetraenoic acid, and 9- and 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acids. Hydroxy acids were present in 19 of 31 FMF sera and absent in extracts of sera from 8 patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus, 7 with fever from infection, and 12 normal controls. The finding of circulating mono- and dihydroxy fatty acids in FMF suggests that defects in the formation or elimination of these compounds might play a role in the pathogenesis of FMF. PMID- 3919390 TI - Nonenzymatic sequence-specific cleavage of single-stranded DNA. AB - Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid have been attached covalently to the 5' terminus of the deoxynucleotide sequence C-A-C-A-A T-T-C-C-A-C-A-C-A-A-C (16-mer) via an ethylenediamine linker. In the presence of Fe2+ and dithiothreitol, these reagents bring about the hybridization-dependent cleavage of the sequence T-C-G-T-A-T-G-T-T-G-T-G-T-G-G-A-A-T-T-G-T-G-A-G-C-G-G-A T-A-A-C-A-A-T-T- T (37-mer), a sequence that contains an internal subsequence complementary to the 16-mer. The principal cleavage sites on the 37-mer are about four residues on each side of the terminal phosphate group of the 16-mer. PMID- 3919391 TI - Sequence-specific cleavage of single-stranded DNA: oligodeoxynucleotide-EDTA X Fe(II). AB - The synthesis of a DNA hybridization probe 19 nucleotides in length, equipped with the metal chelator EDTA at C-5 of thymidine in position 10 (indicated by T*) is described. DNA-EDTA 1 has the sequence 5'-T-A-A-C-G-C-A-G-T*-C-A-G-G-C-A-C-C-G T-3', which is complementary to a 19-nucleotide sequence in the plasmid pBR322. In the presence of Fe(II), O2, and dithiothreitol, DNA-EDTA 1 affords specific cleavage (25 degrees C, pH 7.4, 60 min) at its complementary sequence in a heat denatured 167-base-pair restriction fragment. Cleavage occurs over a range of 16 nucleotides at the site of hybridization of 1, presumably due to a diffusible reactive species. No other cleavage sites are observed in the 167-base-pair restriction fragment. The procedure used to synthesize DNA-EDTA probes is based on the incorporation of a thymidine modified at C-5 with the triethyl ester of EDTA. By using routine phosphoramidite procedures, thymidine-EDTA can be incorporated into oligodeoxynucleotides of any desired length and sequence. Because the efficiency of the DNA cleavage reaction is dependent on the addition of both Fe(II) and reducing agent (dithiothreitol), the initiation of the cleavage reaction can be controlled. These DNA-EDTA X Fe(II) probes should be useful for the sequence-specific cleavage of single-stranded DNA (and most likely RNA) under mild conditions. PMID- 3919392 TI - Coding nucleotide sequence of rat NADPH-cytochrome P-450 oxidoreductase cDNA and identification of flavin-binding domains. AB - The coding nucleotide sequence of the mRNA for NADPH-cytochrome P-450 oxidoreductase (NADPH:ferricytochrome oxidoreductase, EC 1.6.2.4) from rat liver was determined from two overlapping cDNA clones, pOR-7 and pOR-8, which together contain 2401 nucleotides complementary to rat liver oxidoreductase mRNA. The single open reading frame of 2034 nucleotides spanning these cDNAs codes for a 678 amino acid polypeptide with a molecular weight of 76,962. The deduced amino acid composition is in excellent agreement with that determined by direct amino acid analysis of purified rat liver P-450 oxidoreductase, and the amino-terminal region (residues 1-80) largely coincides with the amino-terminal sequence of the oxidoreductase isolated from rabbit liver. Comparison of the amino acid sequence to those of other flavoproteins revealed two separate domains that are likely to be involved in flavin binding: a long segment (residues 77-228) homologous with Desulfovibrio vulgaris flavodoxin, an FMN-containing protein, and a shorter segment (residues 452-477) homologous with the FAD-binding segment of fumarate reductase from Escherichia coli. PMID- 3919393 TI - Comparative analysis of repeated sequences in rat apolipoproteins A-I, A-IV, and E. AB - To understand the structural, functional, and evolutionary relationships among the principal protein components of rat high density lipoprotein particles, we undertook a systematic comparative analysis of the primary structures of apolipoproteins (apo)-A-I, -A-IV, and -E. Human apo-A-I and rat apo-A-IV have been shown previously to contain repeated sequences that presumably arose by intragenic duplication of 11- or 22-amino acid amphipathic segments. For apo-A-I, these segments are thought to be the structures responsible for lipid binding and activation of lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase. From an analysis of the sequence of a full-length cDNA clone, rat apo-A-I is shown to contain eight tandem repetitions of a 22-amino acid segment. However, compared with human apo-A I, the rat protein has undergone three deletions, two of which involve multiple amino acids in the repeated sequence domain. This disruption of the periodic structure of the protein raises the possibility of species-specific variation in the ability of rat apo-A-I to interact with high density lipoproteins and activate lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase. Statistical analysis of the structure and organization of repeated sequences in apo-A-I, -A-IV, and -E demonstrates that all three proteins are paralogous members of a dispersed gene family. Despite overall similarity in sequence organization, different portions of these sequences have evolved at different rates. Diversification of a duplicated ancestral sequence has resulted in three lipid-binding proteins with distinct and shared functions. PMID- 3919394 TI - Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan cDNA. AB - We report the identification and DNA sequence of a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan core protein cDNA. A cDNA clone, pPG1, was selected from a rat yolk sac tumor poly(A)+RNA-derived cDNA library by using synthetic oligonucleotides predicted from the NH2-terminal peptide sequence of the mature chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan. The resulting sequence analysis demonstrated that the 874 base-pair pPG1 clone contained the complete coding region of the mature proteoglycan core protein as well as 5' and 3' flanking sequences. The 104 amino acid proteoglycan core protein sequence reveals that the core protein is composed of three regions, the most striking of which is the central 49 amino acid region composed of alternating serine and glycine residues. This region clearly functions as the acceptor site for the attachment of chondroitin sulfate side chains. The serine-glycine repeat region is flanked by a 14 amino acid NH2 terminal region identical to the NH2-terminal sequence of the proteoglycan obtained by amino acid sequencing and a 41 amino acid COOH-terminal region. RNA transfer blot hybridizations of poly(A)+ mRNA from rat yolk sac tumor cells with nick-translated pPG1 reveal a single mRNA of approximately equal to 1300 nucleotides. The possibility of detecting mRNAs and genomic sequences for other proteoglycans with a serine-glycine repeat by using this cDNA clone is discussed. PMID- 3919396 TI - Action of serotonin on the gastrointestinal tract. AB - Serotonin is localized in the enterochromaffin cells of the gastrointestinal mucosa and within neurons in the enteric nervous system. It can be released into the blood or into the lumen of the gut. Serotonin inhibits gastric acid secretion and may be an endogenous enterogastrone. It appears to stimulate the production and release of gastric and colonic mucus. When placed on the serosal surface of the rabbit ileum in vitro, serotonin increases short-circuit current and inhibits the mucosal-to-serosal flux of NaCl. Serotonin potentially is involved in the pathogenesis of diarrhea due to amoebae or cholera. As an enteric neurotransmitter, serotonin affects neural modulation of gut smooth muscle function and may act either directly on mesenteric vascular smooth muscle or through enteric nerves to influence gastrointestinal blood flow. Thus, since serotonin may be involved in multiple physiological processes of digestion, this report reviews and summarizes the role of this ubiquitous substance in the major functions of the gastrointestinal system. PMID- 3919395 TI - Independent control elements that determine yolk protein gene expression in alternative Drosophila tissues. AB - The adjacent and divergently transcribed yp1 and yp2 genes of Drosophila were separated at a site that is 342 base pairs upstream of yp2 and 883 base pairs upstream of yp1. Each gene was separately used to transform Drosophila germ-line producing flies with a single copy of the introduced gene. Transcripts from the introduced genes were found only in adult females. Thus, the introduced genes maintain the sex- and time-specific expression pattern of the endogenous yp genes. However, the pattern of tissue-specific expression differed among the two introduced genes and the endogenous genes. Transcripts from both of the endogenous genes are found in fat bodies and ovaries. In contrast, transcripts from the introduced yp1 gene are found only in fat bodies, and those from the introduced yp2 gene are found only in ovaries. Thus, each introduced DNA segment lacks at least one of the cis-acting elements required for the normal pattern of tissue-specific expression. These results indicate that the expression of a yp gene in different tissues is determined by different cis-acting elements. PMID- 3919398 TI - Inactivation of interferon by serum and synovial fluids. AB - The stability of interferons-alpha, -beta, and -gamma (IFN) in serum and synovial fluids were compared. Interferon-beta was the least stable interferon species, losing at least 75% of its activity during incubation in samples of both serum and synovial fluid. Interferon-alpha was the most stable IFN, but interferon gamma under these conditions approached the stability of the alpha species. The inactivation of IFN-beta was found due to dialyzable factors and hence not classical antibodies. PMID- 3919397 TI - Physiology and biochemistry of ovarian inhibin. PMID- 3919399 TI - C-reactive protein binds leishmanial excreted factors. AB - Excreted factors from Leishmania tropica and Leishmania donovani are precipitated by human and rabbit C-reactive protein. The reaction is calcium dependent and appears to be similar to that reported to occur between C-reactive protein and various galactans. The absence of phosphate and N-acetyl galactosamine suggests that the reaction is not the result of any similarity of the excreted factors to pneumococcal C-polysaccharide. PMID- 3919400 TI - Prostaglandins act synergistically with antitumour agents on induction of sister chromatid exchanges in human lymphocytes. AB - Prostaglandins (PGs) E1 and E2 were found to enhance Sister Chromatid Exchange (SCE) frequencies induced by Mitomycin C (MMC) or Melphalan (ME-LPH) in cultured normal human lymphocytes. PG E1, E2 and F2a alone had no effect on SCE induction up to the higher concentration tested of 2 micrograms/ml. PG F2a does not act synergistically with MELPH on induction of SCEs. PMID- 3919401 TI - Gold concentrations and toxicity during oral gold treatment with auranofin. AB - The concentrations of gold in whole blood, serum, urine and blood cells of patients with rheumatoid arthritis were measured during 6 months of oral treatment either with Auranofin or placebo. Any adverse effects attributable to the treatments were also recorded. Although the time course of gold during Auranofin therapy was similar to that of injected gold, the blood and serum gold concentrations were significantly lower than those measured in patients receiving injected gold. Between 45 and 58% of Auranofin gold in the blood was associated with blood cells. In comparison, following injections of gold thiomalate, only about 4% of the gold was present in the blood cells. During the 6-month period, 2 patients receiving Auranofin withdrew because of diarrhoea and another because of rash. 1 placebo patient withdrew because of headaches. No laboratory evidence of haematological, renal or hepatic abnormality was encountered. It is suggested that the markedly lower concentrations of gold in the body sustained during treatment with Auranofin may be the critical factor towards a greater tolerance of the drug in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 3919402 TI - Medical care in a changing economic environment. PMID- 3919403 TI - Medicine of the future. PMID- 3919404 TI - The British choice in health care: a report from London. PMID- 3919405 TI - Psychophysiological typological aspects in relation to the risk for coronary heart disease and to the work load. AB - The application of Jenkins activity survey allowed to assess the behavior pattern of 76 managers (white collar workers) exposed to professional stress. In 54-82% of the subjects the type A behavioral pattern was found; conventional risk factors for coronary heart disease existed in more than 50% of the cases. Individual advices to prevent or restrain the coronary risk were given. PMID- 3919406 TI - LH and FSH in human cerebrospinal fluid. AB - LH and FSH of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum were radioimmunologically measured. Samples were obtained simultaneously from 116 subjects of the following groups: A. 22 patients with non-endocrine diseases, B. 18 patients with cranial diabetes insipidus (DI) of whom 4 with metastatic carcinomas, C. 5 patients with primary empty sella syndrome, D. one with hydatiform mole, and E. 70 patients with pituitary adenomas, i.e. growth hormone--or prolactin-secreting or "non secreting" adenomas, of whom 38 patients with invasive and 32 with enclosed adenomas. LH and FSH are normal constituents of CSF and their CSF levels poorly correlates with the serum ones (LH r = 0.477 p less than 0.01). Enclosed adenomas with SSE showed low levels of LH in CSF. High CSF-gonadotropins concentrations (above 4.0 mIU/ml) with a low serum/CSF ratio (below 3) was frequently, but not constantly found in patients with invasive adenomas and are not indicative per se of this diagnosis. Some patients with brain metastasis from breast carcinoma and DI, or with non-tumoral diseases and DI showed similar high patterns of CSF gonadotropins though the serum levels were within normal range. This suggests that local vascular mechanisms, including the retrograde circulation of gonadotropins from the pituitary to the hypothalamus, influence the blood-brain barrier much more than the release of gonadotropins into the systemic blood circulation. PMID- 3919407 TI - [Problems raised by the diagnosis of infarct of the lower myocardium, isolated or associated with anterior or posterior left fascicular block: electro vectorcardiographic aspects]. PMID- 3919408 TI - [Methods of stimulating and analyzing visual evoked potentials]. PMID- 3919409 TI - [Effects of the use of nuclear medicine on the irradiation of the population and occupationally exposed persons]. PMID- 3919410 TI - [Measurement of attenuation coefficients and retrodiffusion of ultrasounds in vivo. Practical possibilities. Initial trials on the thyroid]. PMID- 3919411 TI - [Comparative study of possibilities presented to biomedical studies by stable and radioactive isotopes]. PMID- 3919412 TI - [Biophysical substrates of the scintigraphic semeiology of the liver]. PMID- 3919413 TI - [Permeability of the placenta to ions in unidirectional mother-fetus transport]. PMID- 3919415 TI - Anti-rheumatic drugs and joint damage in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - The effect of second-line anti-rheumatic drugs such as gold on the course and progression of joint damage has been the subject of considerable controversy. We have evaluated the effects of second-line anti-rheumatic drugs in three studies of 46-84 patients with rheumatoid arthritis given a second-line drug continuously for 12 months. Using two different methods of radiographic assessment we found that there was significant progression over the 12-month period when the mean changes in the groups of patients were examined, and there was similar indications of continuing disease activity shown by mean values of acute phase proteins and ESR which were above the normal range at both six and 12 months. But there were subgroups of patients who showed a reduction in ESR and joint tenderness with a related slowing of the rate of radiographic progression in the second six months of treatment. There was no direct relationship between changes in the ESR and radiographic progression in individual patients. Although anti rheumatic drugs are not ideal and therapy does not cause remission in many patients, some patients respond well. Rheumatoid arthritis may represent a heterogeneous collection of patients who respond individually to different drugs. PMID- 3919414 TI - Breast cancer chemotherapy: perioperative considerations in breast reconstruction. PMID- 3919417 TI - Prospective payment and its impact on radiologic technology. AB - The prospective payment system is affecting the management and delivery of health care, and will have a large impact on the radiology department. This article describes the prospective payment system and explains how the role of the radiologic technologist may be altered. PMID- 3919416 TI - [Role of gonadotropic hormones in the radiation response of the testis]. AB - In experiments on BALB male mice a study was made of the dynamics of changes in the level of gonadotropic hormones and testosterone during 1-32 days in conditions of gamma-irradiation with the dose of 0.155 C/kg and dose rate of 0.512 mA/kg. A correlation was found between the number of germ cells and the level of sex hormones in blood plasma of irradiated animals. PMID- 3919418 TI - [Correlation of roentgen picture and lung function testing within the scope of silicosis evaluation]. AB - The chest roentgenograms codified according to the 1980 ILO classification and the lung function tests of 100 persons with silicosis have been compared with each other. The results show that, with a higher degree of dissemination and a growing size of nodes, there is a statistically significant tendency to increasing gravity of pathological results of resistance and the arterial blood gas analysis. A correlation between the degree of dissemination and the size of nodes to other lung function parameters (vital capacity, intrathoracic gas volume) cannot be finally established. Furthermore, neither coding as category B nor the employment of the symbols em (emphysema) and tb (tuberculosis) allow conclusions to be drawn about the results of lung function tests. The poor correlation is caused on one hand by the insufficient description of the morphological parameters important for function, due to the restricted classification. On the other hand there is little correlation between chest roentgenogram and lung function, as lung function in anthracosis is essentially influenced by obstructive bronchitis, which has only a loose connection with silicosis.--Lung function must be the central point in the process of forming an opinion. Chest roentgenograms are important for clarifying the causes of pathological changes and allow a simple observation of progress. PMID- 3919419 TI - In-111 labeled leukocytes: a review of problems in image interpretation. AB - Leukocyte suspensions labeled with In-111 oxine or tropolone were administered intravenously to 150 patients for the detection of suspected foci of bacterial infection by gamma camera imaging. The results were correlated with other imaging modalities, and clinical, laboratory, and surgical findings after a minimum follow-up period of six months. Twenty-five of 29 foci of bacterial infection were demonstrated on the leukocyte-labeled images (sensitivity of detection = 86%). Three of the four missed lesions were chronic active osteomyelitis. The specificity of detection proved difficult to define, varying with different criteria for a false positive diagnosis. In every region of the body, a variety of lesions other than foci of bacterial infection produced positive uptake of the labeled leukocytes. An intense focal uptake was uncommon in lesions other than abscesses and hematomas. It was concluded that imaging with labeled leukocytes is valuable for demonstrating sites of infection in conjunction with other diagnostic methods. Detectable leukocytic infiltration, however, may occur in inflammatory lesions of any cause and in some noninflammatory states as well. PMID- 3919420 TI - [Keratanase from Pseudomonas sp. and sulfatases from Actinobacillus sp]. PMID- 3919421 TI - Prostacyclin production by rat aorta "in vitro" is increased by the combined action of dipyridamole plus pentoxifylline. AB - The present study evaluates the effect of dipyridamole and pentoxifylline, individually and in combination, on PGI2-like production and arachidonic acid metabolism of rat aorta "in vitro". Pentoxifylline 100 microM and dipyridamole 92 and 184 microM increased PGI2-like activity, as measured by the platelet aggregation inhibitory capacity of the aortic ring incubates, by 71%, 46% and 60% respectively; a greater increase in PGI2-like activity was observed with the combination of the drugs than when they were used separately. This effect was observed even at the lowest doses assayed. In fact, dipyridamole 9.2 microM plus pentoxifylline 1 microM increased the PGI2-like activity by 30% while the individual increase was 4.5% and 10.6% respectively. To obtain more information on the effect of the dipyridamole-pentoxifylline combination on arachidonic acid metabolism, arteries were incubated with (1-14C) arachidonic acid, and the 6-keto PGF1 alpha and PGE2 quantified. Dipyridamole 92 microM plus pentoxifylline 1 and 10 microM increased 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and PGE2 production by about 30% and 48% respectively while the combination with pentoxifylline 100 microM increased the 6 keto-PGF1 alpha 76.5% and the PGE2 50%. The possible biological effect and therapeutic implications of increased PGI2 production by the arteries due to the dipyridamole-pentoxifylline combination remains to be ascertained. PMID- 3919422 TI - Central noradrenergic neurons and the hypertensive effects of intracerebroventricularly administered prostaglandin E2 in anaesthetized rabbits. AB - The participation of central noradrenergic neurons in the pressor responses to intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of prostaglandin (PG) E2 was studied in anaesthetized rabbits. The hypertensive effect induced by i.c.v. injection of PGE2 was inhibited by i.c.v. pretreatment with 6-hydroxydopamine and phentolamine, but not propranolol. These findings suggest that the cerebral noradrenergic neurons may be involved in the development of hypertensive effect of PGE2 through the adrenergic alpha-receptors. PMID- 3919423 TI - The actions of leukotrienes C4 and D4 in the porcine renal vascular bed. AB - The kidney of anaesthetised pigs was perfused in situ with carotid arterial blood. Renal blood flow and perfusion pressure were recorded. Close intra arterial injection of leukotriene (LT) C4, D4 or noradrenaline (NA) caused a dose related increase in vascular resistance. Both LTs were more active than NA by one to two orders of magnitude. Systemically-administered indomethacin potentiated the effect of all three agonists. Incubation of renal artery tissue with calcium ionophore A23187 in the presence of indomethacin resulted in the generation of LT like material which, when assayed on guinea-pig ileum, was indistinguishable from LTD4. The results show that pig renal vessels produce LT-like material and suggest that the potent vasoconstriction induced by exogenous NA and LTs is modulated in vivo by a vasodilator cyclo-oxygenase product. PMID- 3919424 TI - Automated extraction and HPLC resolution of lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase products utilizing high pressure column switching. AB - An automatable column switching technique for extraction of cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase products has been developed. The extraction column is a 0.4 cm X 3 cm stainless steel column slurry packed with Polygosil (C18, 25-40 mu particle diameter). Supernatants of incubations terminated by the addition of 1 volume MeOH, bath sonicated and centrifuged were pumped onto the extraction column. The non-adherent polar material was eluted to waste with up to five times the sample volume with a high polarity mobile phase. Following this, the extraction column was then eluted to an analytical column with a mobile phase of decreased polarity. PMID- 3919426 TI - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome: The facts. PMID- 3919425 TI - The effect of BW775C on respiratory distress in the rat induced by arachidonic acid. AB - BW775C, an inhibitor of the lipoxygenase and cyclo-oxygenase pathways, inhibits the respiratory distress induced by arachidonic acid in rats. The degree of respiratory distress was measured in terms of respiratory rate using electrodes implanted at each side of the thorax. Indomethacin, an inhibitor of the cyclooxygenase pathway, failed to influence the respiratory distress induced by arachidonic acid. The results implicate the lipoxygenase pathway, i.e. the leukotrienes synthesis inhibition, in the respiratory distress induced by arachidonic acid. PMID- 3919427 TI - Multiple Sclerosis Society of Queensland. PMID- 3919428 TI - A Queensland nurse in Bangladesh. PMID- 3919429 TI - [Temperature-dependent effects of lidocaine-CO2 in peridural anesthesia]. AB - Lidocaine CO2, used for anaesthesia in 26 gynaecological and urological patients, was injected into the epidural space at two temperatures -20 degrees C and 36 degrees C. We found that the higher temperature resulted in a faster onset of blockade, a longer duration of action, and a greater degree of motor blockade. We found, also, with the warmed solution a higher spread of analgesia, which could enable a reduction to be made in the volume necessary for satisfactory anaesthesia. PMID- 3919430 TI - Brain arachidonic acid metabolites. Functions and interactions with ethanol. AB - The formation and potential function of arachidonic acid metabolites in brain are reviewed briefly. Cyclooxygenase metabolites of arachidonic acid are formed in brain, but the lipoxygenase derivatives have not been demonstrated. Evidence clearly indicates that the cyclooxygenase products act as neuromodulators. Possible effects of leukotrienes on brain function remain in doubt, although several studies have suggested a role for the leukotrienes and it appears that these agents have a long-lasting effect. Potential interactions between ethanol and brain arachidonic acid metabolites have received minimal attention. Several studies indicate that pretreatment with prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors produces antagonism of ethanol's behavioral effects. These observations may be related to preliminary findings that ethanol increases brain prostaglandin content. PMID- 3919431 TI - Follicular dynamics throughout the oestrous cycle in sheep. A review. AB - Whatever the stage of the cycle, follicles of various sizes are apparent on the surface of the ovary of sheep. No evidence of waves of follicular growth at fixed time intervals has been found during the luteal phase, and growth probably occurs at random until the follicle attains a size of 4 to 7 mm. This shows that follicles can enlarge under a wide range of hormonal levels. The recruitment of a crop of follicles, including the one which will ovulate, occurs at variable times around luteolysis due to the interaction of endocrine and follicular factors (FSH priming, sensitizing the follicle to increased LH pulsatility). All healthy follicles greater than 2 mm in diameter are recruited. Selection of the follicle due to ovulate can be defined by morphological criteria (size) or by its "killing" ability. In all cases, the timing of follicle selection is highly variable, and it is due to this variability that the mechanisms of selection are not fully known. They are presumably intraovarian, one of the follicles actively inhibiting the growth of the others. The dominant follicle is probably maintained because of its high oestradiol content, while the others undergo atresia. The main feature of terminal follicular development is its flexibility in terms of hormonal requirements, follicle size and the timing of the main events. PMID- 3919432 TI - [Attachment of horse cecum Ciliata to plant fragments. Degradation of chloroplasts. Attachment of bacteria to cecal Ciliata]. AB - Cecum microfauna association with different plant tissues was examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The ciliates were attached to the damaged areas of the leaves and their highest concentrations were found on the epidermis and mesophyll tissues. The degradation of plant tissue was due to protozoal ingestion of the plant fragments. The morphology of ingested envacuolized chloroplasts changed rapidly, showing different stages of digestion inside the ciliate endoplasm. Intact chloroplasts were rarely observed but the grana of fragmented thylakoid membranes was often seen. The chloroplasts then appeared in concentric rings resembling pseudomyelinic figures. Plastoglobuli indicated the chloroplastic origin of these figures. Cecum microflora association with the microfauna showed that the different morphological types of cecal bacteria had three ways of attaching: some appeared to be attached via small amounts of extracellular material and some by capsule - like material; others (bacilli), due to an electron-dense outer layer, were observed to adhere so closely that they conformed to the shape of the ciliate. PMID- 3919433 TI - Haematological characteristics of the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus jacchus). AB - Blood cell indices and parameters of haemostasis were studied in the common marmoset. The majority of the results were similar to those found in man. Differences from man were that the prothrombin time was shorter in the marmoset, higher concentrations of aggregating stimuli were required to cause platelet aggregation, and marmoset platelets did not aggregate under the influence of adrenalin. There was sexual dimorphism evident in the data for fibrinogen concentration and for platelet count, both of which were higher in females than in males. Marmoset platelets were very similar in ultrastructure to those of man. PMID- 3919434 TI - Plasma enteroglucagon and neurotensin levels in gnotobiotic calves infected with enteropathogenic and non-enteropathogenic viruses. AB - Five gnotobiotic calves were each infected with five viruses. Each calf was inoculated with coronavirus at seven days old, followed by astrovirus, Newbury agent, parainfluenzavirus type 3 and rotavirus at intervals of two weeks. Three of the viruses were enteropathogenic (bovine coronavirus, bovine calici-like virus and bovine rotavirus) and two were not (bovine astrovirus and parainfluenzavirus type 3). Plasma levels of the peptide hormones enteroglucagon and neurotensin and faecal output were measured daily and xylose absorption was studied before and after each infection. A close correlation was found between a rise in plasma enteroglucagon and neurotensin and infection with enteropathogenic viruses. The three enteropathogenic viruses caused increased daily faecal output, and elevated plasma levels of enteroglucagon and neurotensin, while the non enteropathogens did not. The calici-like virus and rotavirus but not the coronavirus caused xylose malabsorption. PMID- 3919435 TI - Characteristics of the ventilatory exercise stimulus. AB - Simple mathematical models were used to quantitatively examine a number of hypotheses concerning the nature of the exercise stimulus. The modelling demonstrated the following for an exercise intensity of 5 times the resting metabolic rate. (1) During the steady state, a deviation in the coupling between VE and metabolic rate by +/- 25% of the value necessary for isocapnia, results in a deviation of PaCO2 of +/- 2 torr from isocapnia. (2) In the transient phase, a mismatch between VE and Q (and thus CO2 flow) of 50% results in a change of PaCO2 of only 1 torr. (3) When resting PaCO2 is changed by 10 torr and it is assumed that the coupling between VE and VCO2 does not change, PaCO2 deviates from isocapnia by less than 2 torr. It is concluded that (1) to experimentally test hypotheses of the exercise stimulus requires resolution of small changes in PaCO2; (2) good regulation of PaCO2 does not necessarily imply precise coupling between VE and VCO2; (3) the ventilatory exercise stimulus need not be a precise function of metabolic rate; (4) in the steady state, the normal CO2 controller will be very effective in minimizing changes in PaCO2 due to a mismatch between ventilation and metabolic rate. PMID- 3919436 TI - Red cell organic phosphates and Bohr effects in house sparrow blood. AB - CO2 and fixed acid Bohr effects (d log PO2/d pH) were determined for fresh whole blood of adult house sparrow (Passer domesticus) at 35, 41 and 45 degrees C. At each temperature, the effects of titrating blood with CO2 at constant base excess (CO2 Bohr effect) were similar at P50 (35 degrees, -0.48; 41 degrees, -0.49; 45 degrees, -0.49). The CO2 Bohr slopes were also reasonably saturation independent between 10 and 90% S. Fixed acid Bohr values, determined by titrating sparrow blood with HCl and NaHCO3 at 4% CO2, were significantly less than the corresponding CO2 coefficients at half saturation (35 degrees, -0.43; 41 degrees, -0.39; 45 degrees, -0.41). The difference between CO2 and H+ Bohr effects, assumed here to represent carbamino CO2 binding to hemoglobin, decreased in magnitude with increasing saturation at each temperature. Inositol pentaphosphate (IPP, 3.1 mumol/ml RBC) and ATP (7.7 mumol/ml RBC) were the major organic phosphates present in Passer erythrocytes. CO2 and organic phosphates are known to complete for common binding sites on the Hb molecule. Because of IPP's strong binding affinity and high concentration in most avian red cells, carbamate formation is generally suppressed in bird blood. The presence of a small but significant specific CO2 effect in Passer blood may indicate that one or both sparrow isohemoglobins has reduced affinity for IPP and/or ATP, permitting CO2 to compete more effectively in Hb-carbamate formation. PMID- 3919437 TI - [Infectious risks and venous catheters in cancer patients]. PMID- 3919438 TI - [Prevention of diarrhea during nasogastric tube feeding]. PMID- 3919439 TI - Serum cysteine proteinase inhibitors with special reference to kidney failure. AB - Serum levels of proteins reactive in radioimmunoassay with an antiserum prepared in rabbits against purified human spleen neutral cysteine proteinase inhibitor (NCPI) was determined in 70 healthy controls and from 80 patients suffering from suspected or proven kidney failure. The values varied from less than 0.2 mg/l in normal sera to levels over 2 mg/l in some patient sera. Serum level of NCPI was found to roughly correlate with serum creatinine values. However, there were sera with high NCPI levels which did not have increased serum creatinine values. In sera with high NCPI levels subjected to double radial immunodiffusion two precipitin lines, one completely and the other partially identical to NCPI were registered. After fractionating of serum proteins with gel chromatography on Sephadex G 100, two protein peaks of immunological similarity to purified NCPI were found: one low molecular weight (MW around 12,000) and one high molecular weight (MW around 100,000). The low molecular weight NCPI-like material appeared to inhibit human cathepsin B and papain and is thus free serum NCPI. alpha Cysteine proteinase inhibitor did not increase with serum creatinine as did NCPI. PMID- 3919440 TI - The use of monoclonal antibodies in measuring factor VIII/von Willebrand factor. AB - Here we report the production of four different monoclonal antibodies against factor VIII/von Willebrand factor (F VIII/vWF) and the use of these antibodies in immunoradiometric assay (IRMA), crossed immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) and multimeric sizing (MS) for analysing the various types of von Willebrand's disease. None of the antibodies inactivated factor VIII coagulant activity and one (R1) of them partly inhibited the ristocetin co-factor activity. One monoclonal antibody (R2) was radiolabelled and compared with 125I rabbit affinity purified antibody against F VIII/vWF. The two IRMA techniques gave similar results in 26 normals and 22 samples representing all variants of von Willebrand's disease. This monoclonal antibody could also be used in multimeric sizing and not only produced patterns identical to those obtained with the rabbit affinity purified antibody, but also gave better resolution. Further advantages of using monoclonal antibodies in these tests are: practically unlimited access to the same specific antibody, time-consuming affinity purification of the rabbit antibody can be avoided and the overall use of radioactivity reduced. This study demonstrates that one (R2) of the four monoclonal antibodies is suitable for routine analysis of F VIII/vWF and the use of this antibody simplifies the laboratory work in classifying von Willebrand's disease. PMID- 3919441 TI - Treatment of severe chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in adults with high-dose intravenous gammaglobulin. AB - 12 patients with severe chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) were treated with i.v. polyvalent intact immunoglobulin (0.14-0.4 g/kg body weight for 5 d) because of various bleeding episodes or prior to surgery. In 9 patients a significant rise in platelet counts was noted, starting on d 2 and reaching its maximum between d 4 and 11. Thereafter, platelet counts decreased slowly, approaching pre-treatment values after 20 d in most cases. Response to immunoglobulin was reproducible, when infusions were repeated. Response to high dose immunoglobulin was independent of age of patients and duration of disease. Platelet-associated IgG decreased in all patients tested. A pepsin-treated immunoglobulin preparation was ineffective in 3 patients. PMID- 3919442 TI - Gene for alpha-chain of human T-cell receptor: location on chromosome 14 region involved in T-cell neoplasms. AB - A human complementary DNA clone specific for the alpha-chain of the T-cell receptor and a panel of rodent X human somatic cell hybrids were used to map the alpha-chain gene to human chromosome 14 in a region proximal to the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus. Analysis by means of in situ hybridization of human metaphase chromosomes served to further localize the alpha-chain gene to region 14q11q12, which is consistently involved in translocations and inversions detectable in human T-cell leukemias and lymphomas. Thus, the locus for the alpha chain T-cell receptor may participate in oncogene activation in T-cell tumors. PMID- 3919443 TI - Single-carbon chemistry of acetogenic and methanogenic bacteria. AB - Methanogenic and acetogenic bacteria metabolize carbon monoxide, methanol, formate, hydrogen and carbon dioxide gases and, in the case of certain methanogens, acetate, by single-carbon (C1) biochemical mechanisms. Many of these reactions occur while the C1 compounds are linked to pteridine derivatives and tetrapyrrole coenzymes, including corrinoids, which are used to generate, reduce, or carbonylate methyl groups. Several metalloenzymes, including a nickel containing carbon monoxide dehydrogenase, are used in both catabolic and anabolic oxidoreductase reactions. We propose biochemical models for coupling carbon and electron flow to energy conservation during growth on C1 compounds based on the carbon flow pathways inherent to acetogenic and methanogenic metabolism. Biological catalysts are therefore available which are comparable to those currently in use in the Monsanto process. The potentials and limitations of developing biotechnology based on these organisms or their enzymes and coenzymes are discussed. PMID- 3919444 TI - Human T-cell receptor alpha-chain genes: location on chromosome 14. AB - The genes encoding the alpha chain of the human T-cell receptor have been mapped to chromosome 14, the chromosome on which the human immunoglobulin heavy chain locus resides. Thus, genes encoding two different classes of antigen receptor are present on the same chromosome. Furthermore, breaks involving chromosome 14 are frequently seen in tumors of T-cell origin. The potential relation of these chromosome abnormalities to alpha-chain genes is discussed. PMID- 3919445 TI - Inhibition of calcification of bioprosthetic heart valves by local controlled release diphosphonate. AB - Bioprostheses fabricated from porcine aortic valves are widely used to replace diseased heart valves. Calcification is the principal cause of the clinical failure of these devices. In the present study, inhibition of the calcification of bioprosthetic heart valve cusps implanted subcutaneously in rats was achieved through the adjacent implantation of controlled-release matrices containing the anticalcification agent ethanehydroxydiphosphonate dispersed in a copolymer of ethylene-vinyl acetate. Prevention of calcification was virtually complete, without the adverse effects of retarded bone and somatic growth that accompany systemic administration of ethanehydroxydiphosphonate. PMID- 3919446 TI - Heparin, its fractions, fragments and derivatives. Some newer perspectives. AB - A brief attempt has been made to provide an overview of the field of heparinology. As stated, in coming years one should witness significant developments in this area. It is, however, important to caution that the newer products derived from heparin may not behave like heparin, and one must consider their individual molecular and biochemical interactions. The available limited data on heparin may or may not be applicable to the newer heparin fractions or derivatives. Independent preclinical and clinical trials are needed to investigate the pharmacology and therapeutic actions of newer heparin derivatives. PMID- 3919447 TI - Liver cirrhosis and biliary surgery: assessment of risk. AB - Operations on the biliary tract in cirrhotic patients are reported to have a higher than normal risk of operative morbidity and mortality. We reviewed 39 cases from two university-based hospitals over a five-year period. Each patient had biliary tract surgery and biopsy-proven cirrhosis. Eight patients died (21%), and major complications were found in 12 surviving patients (35%). Local and systemic sepsis was the major contributor, accounting for all of the deaths and 17 of the 22 (77%) complications among survivors. Choledochotomy was done in ten patients; three of them died (30%) and nine major complications occurred in the remaining five. Preoperative risk factors found to be predictive of this high morbidity and mortality were ascites (50% mortality, 50% morbidity), prolonged prothrombin time (29% mortality, 38% morbidity), and a serum albumin level of less than 3.5 mg/dl (33% mortality, 40% morbidity). The presence of other major systemic disease was not significantly different between survivors and nonsurvivors. In 12 patients with no ascites and normal preoperative serum chemistry values, no deaths and only one minor complication occurred. We conclude that although biliary surgery in cirrhotic patients carries a high mortality, this risk can be assessed preoperatively. There appears to be a small subgroup of patients with cirrhosis and cholelithiasis who can have a favorable outcome. Operative therapy in these patients should be reserved for the complications of the biliary tract. PMID- 3919448 TI - Mexiletine: long-term follow-up of a patient with prolonged QT interval and quinidine-induced torsades de pointes. AB - The use of class 1A antidysrhythmic agents in patients with or without prolonged QT intervals carries a risk of induction of polymorphic ventricular tachycardia. The class 1B antidysrhythmics have many similarities to the former group, but have different modes of action and electrophysiologic properties. Therefore, lidocaine and lidocaine-like drugs such as mexiletine may be used with relative safety in this clinical situation, as in the case we have reported, in which lidocaine and mexiletine controlled VPB in the acute stage and during long-term follow-up respectively, while quinidine induced "torsades de pointes." PMID- 3919449 TI - Placement of enteric feeding tubes using guidewire technique. PMID- 3919450 TI - Hyponatremia in the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone: rapid correction with osmotic agents. AB - In three patients with SIADH, mannitol or glycerol promoted a rapid free water diuresis. Use of osmotic agents requires less laboratory and clinical monitoring than use of furosemide, is appropriate treatment, and in fact may be the treatment of choice in some patients with symptomatic hyponatremia from SIADH. PMID- 3919451 TI - Recurrent jejunal diverticulosis. PMID- 3919452 TI - Identification of two complementation groups in Fanconi anemia. AB - Considerable variation can be observed in the clinical presentation of Fanconi anemia (FA) patients and in the degree of sensitivity of their cells to DNA damaging agents. We have examined the hypothesis that genetic heterogeneity underlies this variation by testing for complementation in somatic cell hybrids constructed from FA cells. Hybrids were formed by fusing lymphoblastoid cell lines derived from four different FA patients. Complementation of the cellular defects in FA was tested by examining sensitivity to growth inhibition by mitomycin C(MMC), spontaneous chromosome breakage, and MMC-induced chromosome breakage in the hybrid cells. These studies revealed the presence of at least two complementation groups, suggesting that there may be two or more different FA genes. PMID- 3919453 TI - Establishment and characterization of continuous cell lines derived from temperature-sensitive mutants of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Embryos of 21 temperature-sensitive Drosophila mutants were used to set up 232 primary cultures. From these, 57 cell lines are being subcultured, and we consider 33 of them to be continuous. Nineteen of the 21 mutants are represented in these 57 lines. Four characteristics of each of the continuous lines are described: morphology, ecdysterone response, karyotype, and response to a restrictive temperature. We discuss the potential uses of such cell lines. PMID- 3919454 TI - Correction of a nucleotide-excision-repair mutation by human chromosome 19 in hamster-human hybrid cells. AB - A UV-sensitive mutant line of CHO cells, UV20, was shown to be phenotypically corrected to resistance by fusion with human lymphocytes or fibroblasts. Only human chromosome 19 correlated with the DNA repair phenotype of resistant hybrid clones and their resistant or sensitive subclones. This study demonstrates the mapping of a human repair gene by direct selection of complementing hybrids in the presence of a DNA-damaging agent (mitomycin C). PMID- 3919455 TI - An approach to performance measurement. PMID- 3919456 TI - A less traumatic subcutaneous tunnel for permanent central venous catheters. AB - This is a simple technique that requires a little more time than the use of forceps to make a subcutaneous tract. It keeps disruption of the subcutaneous tract to a minimum and, therefore, decreases the risk of bleeding in this area which may be significant in a compromised host. PMID- 3919457 TI - Ectopic subgaleal meningioma and familial neurofibromatosis. AB - A 14-year-old male adolescent presented with progressive enlargement of the forehead and a history of familial neurofibromatosis. Plain x-ray films of the skull, computed tomography scanning, and carotid angiography were performed prior to removal of the tumor. Pathologic verification of an ectopic subgaleal meningioma prompted the report of this rare tumor. PMID- 3919458 TI - Catheter sepsis: the clue is the hub. PMID- 3919459 TI - Use of azygous vein for central catheter insertion. PMID- 3919460 TI - Effect of bacterial products on human ciliary function in vitro. AB - Ciliary activity protects the respiratory tract against inhaled particles, including bacteria, by transporting them trapped in mucus towards the pharynx. We have studied the effect of bacteria (Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) on human nasal cilia, measuring their in vitro ciliary beat frequency by a photometric technique. Supernatant fluids were obtained from 18 hour broth cultures by centrifugation alone, by filtration, and by lysis. Supernatants obtained from Ps aeruginosa and H influenzae caused a significantly lower ciliary beat frequency than controls (broth alone). Slowed cilia were dyskinetic and at times of maximal slowing ciliostasis occurred in some areas of the epithelium. A dose related effect was demonstrated. Abrogation of cilioinhibitory properties was achieved by heating the lysate to 56 degrees C for 30 minutes and by allowing the filtrate to stand at 37 degrees C for 120 minutes. Staphylococcal products were not cilioinhibitory. It is concluded that Ps aeruginosa and H influenzae release a factor (or factors) which causes slowing of human nasal cilia in vitro. The role of this factor in the pathogenesis of infection is discussed. PMID- 3919461 TI - Effects of calmodulin antagonists and calmodulin on phospholipid base-exchange activities in rabbit platelets. AB - Effects of various calmodulin antagonists and calmodulin on the incorporation of serine, ethanolamine and choline into the corresponding phospholipids, such as phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine by Ca2+ stimulated base-exchange reactions in rabbit platelet membranes were studied. Under a Ca2+-EGTA buffer system, the incorporation of three bases were stimulated by Ca2+ in a biphasic manner. Minimum requirement of free Ca2+ for the reactions was found to be around 0.5 microM and maximal incorporation took place at high Ca2+ concentrations (3-5 mM). Various calmodulin antagonists such as chlorpromazine, trifluoperazine and N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1 naphthalenesulfonamide, not only activated the three reactions but also greatly enhanced their sensitivity to Ca2+ (K0.5, 0.1-0.3 microM). In the absence of Ca2+, however, the drugs did not show any effect on the reactions. The concentrations of the drugs required for half maximal stimulation were approx. 30 40 microM. Although platelet membranes contained endogenous calmodulin (0.3-0.6 microgram/mg of membrane protein), the addition of exogenous calmodulin inhibited choline exchange activity but had no or little effect on serine or ethanolamine exchange activity. The results suggest that in the presence of low Ca2+ concentrations, these drugs markedly stimulate base-exchange activities, and choline exchange activity may be regulated by calmodulin. PMID- 3919462 TI - Effects of N,N,N',N'-ethylenediaminetetramethylene phosphonic acid and 1 hydroxyethylidene-1,1-bisphosphonic acid on calcium absorption, plasma calcium, longitudinal bone growth, and bone histology in the growing rat. AB - Phosphonate compounds are of considerable interest because of their effects on biological mineralization and mineral metabolism. The effects of graded doses given parenterally or orally of N,N,N',N'-ethylenediamine tetramethylene phosphonic acid (EDITEMPA) on calcium absorption, plasma calcium, endochondral bone elongation, and osseous tissue histology of rats were determined. In some experiments 1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-bisphosphonic acid (HEBP) was included for comparison. Given sc for 7 days, EDITEMPA caused dose-related decreases in net weight gain, intestinal calcium absorption, and longitudinal bone growth. There were also increases in total plasma calcium concentrations and excess osteoid accumulation in bone. When EDITEMPA was given po for 7, 28, or 90 days, few changes in osseous tissues were observed and then only at the highest dose (333 mg/kg/day). An equivalent dose of HEBP caused substantial changes in osseous tissues and calcium parameters. PMID- 3919463 TI - Toxic interaction of specific polychlorinated biphenyls and 2,3,7,8 tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin: increased incidence of cleft palate in mice. AB - The induction of cleft palate in C57BL/6N mice is an extremely reproducible and sensitive indicator of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) toxicity. This endpoint was used to look for potential interactions between two polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners and TCDD. Both 2,3,4,5,3',4'-hexachlorobiphenyl (HCB) and 2,4,5,2',4',5'-HCB are of relatively low toxic potency, but their biological properties differ. Pregnant mice were treated with TCDD and either HCB on gestation Days 10 through 13, and the fetuses examined for the presence of cleft palate and renal abnormalities on gestation Day 18. At a dose of TCDD which caused a low level of cleft palate, moderate hydronephrosis was observed. No renal or palatal anomalies were detected after 2,4,5,2',4',5'-HCB treatment, and the combination of this isomer with TCDD had no effect on the incidence of TCDD induced cleft palate. 2,3,4,5,3',4'-HCB caused mild renal toxicity, but no cleft palate. However, treatment of pregnant mice with a combination of TCDD and 2,3,4,5,3',4'-HCB resulted in a 10-fold increase in the incidence of cleft palate. Thus, the toxicity of compounds such as TCDD may be enhanced by compounds of relatively low acute toxicity such as selected PCBs. The widespread environmental occurrence of such combinations suggests a need for further evaluation of the mechanism of this interaction. PMID- 3919464 TI - Effect of ascorbate on covalent binding of benzene and phenol metabolites to isolated tissue preparations. AB - [14C]Phenol and [14C]benzene are metabolized in the presence of NADPH and hepatic microsomes isolated from phenobarbital- or benzene-pretreated or untreated guinea pigs to intermediates capable of covalently binding to microsomal protein. When 1 mM ascorbate was included in the incubation mixture containing benzene as the substrate, covalent binding was inhibited by 55%. Increasing the ascorbate concentration to 5 mM inhibited binding by only an additional 17%. In contrast, when phenol was used as the substrate, 1 mM ascorbate inhibited binding by 95%. When DT-diaphorase was included in the incubation mixture containing benzene as the substrate, binding was inhibited by only 18%. This degree of inhibition is in contrast to 70% inhibition with phenol. These results indicate that different metabolites are responsible for a portion of the covalent binding depending upon the substrate employed. GSH inhibited covalent binding greater than 95% with either substrate. The metabolism of phenol to hydroquinone was unaffected by the addition of ascorbate or GSH. The metabolism of benzene to phenol was unaffected by the addition of GSH; however, the addition of ascorbate decreased the formation of phenol by 35%. Tissue ascorbate could be modulated by placing guinea pigs on different dietary intakes of ascorbate. Bone marrow ascorbate concentrations could be modulated 10-fold without any significant change in the GSH concentrations. Bone marrow isolated from guinea pigs on different dietary intakes of ascorbate were incubated with H2O2 and phenol. Bone marrow with low ascorbate concentrations displayed 4-fold more covalent binding of phenol equivalents than those with high ascorbate concentrations. This is an example of how the dietary intake of ascorbate can result in a differential response to a potentially toxic event in vitro. PMID- 3919465 TI - Hepatic transport and biliary excretion of sulfobromophthalein in aflatoxin B1 treated rats. AB - The effects of a single dose of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) on sulfobromophthalein (BSP) plasma disappearance, hepatic transport maximum (Tm), and relative storage capacity (S), were examined in rats 48 hr after AFB1 injection. BSP plasma concentration decay was delayed, and the BSP biliary excretion was diminished in treated animals. S and Tm values were unaltered. However, the Tm was reached in treated rats at a higher infusion rate. A Lineweaver-Burk plot of BSP biliary excretion rate vs BSP serum concentration curve showed a higher apparent Km in the AFB1-treated rats. PMID- 3919467 TI - Banding of Allium chromosomes protected against DNase digestion by DNA-binding drugs. AB - Metaphase chromosome bands were induced in Allium flavum (Liliaceae) by protecting the chromosomal DNA with DNA-binding compounds of different base specificities against DNase digestion. The bands obtained represented different subsets of C-band heterochromatin. PMID- 3919466 TI - Metabolism and disposition of the flame retardant plasticizer, tri-p-cresyl phosphate, in the rat. AB - The metabolism and disposition of tri-p-cresyl phosphate (TPCP) were studied in the rat after a single oral administration of [methyl-14C] TPCP. At a dosage of 7.8 mg/kg, most of the administered radioactivity was excreted in the urine (41%) and feces (44%) in 7 days. For 3 days, the expiratory excretion as 14CO2 amounted to 18% of the radioactivity, but was reduced to 3% by treatment of the animal with neomycin. In separate rats, the biliary excretion amounted to 28% of the dose in 24 hr. At a dose of 89.6 mg/kg, the radioactivity was excreted in urine (12%) and feces (77%) in 7 days, and the expired air (6%) in 3 days. At 24, 72, and 168 hr after oral administration, the concentration of radioactivity was relatively high in adipose tissue, liver, and kidney. The major urinary metabolites were p-hydroxybenzoic acid, di-p-cresyl phosphate (DCP), and p-cresyl p-carboxyphenyl phosphate (1coDCP). The biliary metabolites were DCP, 1coDCP, and the oxidized triesters, di-p-cresyl p-carboxyphenyl phosphate (1coTPCP), and p cresyl di-p-carboxyphenyl phosphate (2coTPCP). The main fecal metabolite was TPCP, and the others were similar to those of bile. Following oral administration, TPCP was absorbed from the intestine, distributed to the fatty tissues, and moderately metabolized to a variety of products of oxidation and dearylation of TPCP, which were then excreted in the urine, feces, bile, and expired air. The intestinal microflora appeared to play an important role in degrading biliary metabolites to 14CO2 through the enterohepatic circulation in rats. PMID- 3919468 TI - [The use of CaF2:Tm-dosimetry in pion and heavy ion fields]. AB - Under High-LET-irradiation the efficiency of the main glow peaks of CaF2:Tm varies strongly with LET. This leads to a simple Two-Component-dosimeter, that allows to measure dose and average LET simultaneously. PMID- 3919469 TI - [Energy dependence of the response of thermoluminescent dosimetry to high-energy electrons]. AB - Sufficiently reproducible measuring results can be achieved even for simple TLD units by a control procedure which is easy to apply. It is demonstrated by means of the proposed control procedure that the dependence on energy of the TLD-100 rods is negligible in case of a measuring uncertainty of +/- 3%. This is confirmed by depth dose measurements in comparison with ionisation measurements and semiconductor measurements. TLD-100 rods are thus suitable for the measurement of the dose distribution in a typical solid phantom, such as the humanoid phantom of Alderson Research Laboratories, Long Island, N.Y. The results of these measurements, especially with regard to the verification of the irradiation planning, will be presented in a later report. PMID- 3919470 TI - [Introduction to a new definition of the standard of dose exposures and dose units by the German Industrial Norm DIN 6814, Part 3]. AB - The recent draft of the DIN standard on dose quantities and dose units is presented in original version and explained by the chairman of the Working Committee Dosimetry. There are important modifications by the introduction of SI units, the new definitions of site dose and individual dose, characteristic dose rate and dose rate constant, as well as by corrections of the notions "secondary electron equilibrium and "free in air". PMID- 3919471 TI - [Principle of the 2-peak thermoluminescent dosimetry method for the simultaneous determination of neutron-gamma energy doses in mixed neutron-photon radiation fields]. AB - The LET dependence of the response of different glow-peaks of CaF2 : Tm (TLD-300) detectors can be used for separate simultaneous determination of neutron and gamma-ray absorbed doses in mixed neutron-photon radiation fields. The principle the pre-conditions of this "two-peak TLD method" are explained using experimental results with d(14) + Be neutrons (EN = 5,8 MeV). PMID- 3919472 TI - Certain dosimetric features of electrons from a CGR Therac-20 MeV Saturne linear accelerator. AB - Some of the useful clinical radiation characteristics required for treatment planning using the 6,9,13,17, and 20 Me V scanning electron beams obtainable in a CGR Therac-20 Me V Saturne linear accelerator are outlined. PMID- 3919473 TI - Stroke rehabilitation units: concepts, evaluation, and unresolved issues. PMID- 3919474 TI - OR nursing. Survival tactics under DRGs. PMID- 3919475 TI - The pathogenesis of optic nerve damage in glaucoma. PMID- 3919476 TI - Unilateral shallow anterior chambers and glaucoma. PMID- 3919477 TI - Current status of ophthalmic photovaporization therapy. PMID- 3919478 TI - Diversity in H-2 genes encoding antigen-presenting molecules is generated by interactions between members of the major histocompatibility complex gene family. PMID- 3919479 TI - OKT4 and OKT4A antibody treatment as immunosuppression for kidney transplantation in rhesus monkeys. AB - A mixture of OKT4+4A monoclonal antibodies (reactive with T4 cells) was tested for its immunosuppressive potential in rhesus monkeys receiving a kidney allograft. The kidney transplant model used in this study was designed to mimic the clinical situation. Therefore, all animals received a low dose of azathioprine and prednisolone, and the effectiveness of monoclonal antibody treatment was assessed in nontransfused and transfused recipients. The treatment very effectively suppressed acute graft rejection in untransfused recipients. In transfused recipients, which show an improved graft survival, no additional favorable effect of OKT4 + 4A treatment was seen when this treatment was given at the time of transplantation. It is possible that transfused recipients that reject their kidney in an acute fashion do not benefit from the OKT4 + 4A treatment because they have generated primed effector cells that belong to a T4 negative subpopulation or a T4-positive subpopulation with high affinity for donor cells. When the OKT4 + 4A treatment was given at the time of graft rejection in transfused recipients, thus treating chronic rather than acute rejection, a modest improvement in graft survival was observed. It seems, therefore, that anti-T4 antibodies will be of limited value for clinical transplantation and should be used in combination with other immunosuppressive drugs. PMID- 3919480 TI - The vascular endothelial cell antigen system. AB - Vascular endothelial cells (VEC) are clearly immunogenic and express antigens unique to vascular endothelial cells. The observation that peripheral blood monocytes also express this VEC antigen system made prospective testing feasible. Preformed antibody to the VEC/monocyte antigen system of the donor usually leads to graft rejection in HLA-identical combinations, but antibody directed against donor monocytes exclusively (monocyte-specific antigens) appears to be benign. Clearly the VEC antigen system is an important immunogen in HLA-identical living related donor combinations--and, in addition, this antigen system may be equally important in the non-HLA-identical combinations. The identification of antibody directed against the VEC/monocyte antigens of the donor is frequently masked by the concurrent development of anti-HLA antibody. Preliminary family segregation studies support the concept of genetic linkage between the VEC/monocyte antigen system and the major histocompatibility complex. A group of 153 consecutive, prospective monocyte crossmatches performed have yielded approximately a 7% incidence of positive monocyte crossmatches, with traditional crossmatches being negative. This frequency of patients sensitized to the VEC/monocyte antigens of the donor could conceivably account for up to 70% of the observed early graft loss in living-related donors. We think a positive monocyte crossmatch to the donor in the presence of positive reactivity to concordant VEC and monocytes remains a contraindication to transplantation. PMID- 3919481 TI - Genetic control of variability in responses to class-I-antigen-disparate thyroid grafts. AB - Thyroid graft transplantation was performed between mice of congenic strains that differ in the K or the D region. Five donor-recipient pairs of different strains were tested in each combination, and the contributions of the K and the D region gene products to thyroid graft rejection were compared. We found that thyroid cells express immunogenic H-2K and H-2D molecules, as measured by their ability to induce strong graft rejection responses. Great variability in the percentage of grafts rejected was found, however, among different pairs of congenic mice. Across D region disparities, for example, the results varied from acute thyroid graft rejection in all B10 (Db) recipients transplanted with B10.HTI (Dd) thyroid grafts, to prolonged survival of all thyroid grafts of B10.S (Ds) donors transplanted into B10.S(26R) (Db) recipient mice. To test the involvement of different genes in regulation of the immune response against class-I-disparate thyroid grafts, a D region disparity was chosen. A minimum of three different genes were found to affect the response. These genes include a non-H-2 background gene and two genes in the K/I and the D regions of the H-2 complex. The possible mechanisms by which structural and regulatory genes might affect the rejection of class-I-disparate thyroid grafts are discussed. PMID- 3919482 TI - [Activity and stability of glucoamylase preparations in different methods of immobilization]. AB - Catalytic activity and stability of glucoamylases immobilized by different methods (adsorption, covalent binding) are studied comparatively. The highest stability is shown to be obtained under covalent binding. The binding efficiency and immobilized glucoamylase properties depend on the nature of insoluble carrier and a purification degree of the enzyme preparations. The choice of the cross linking agent promoting a binding between the enzyme and the carrier is very significant. The activity and stability of immobilized glucoamylases obtained when using different cross-linking agents rise in such a sequence: 2,4 toluylenediisocyanate, cyanurochloride, glutaric dialdehyde, gossypol. Catalytic properties and stability are determined for soluble and immobilized glucoamylase forms from different sources. PMID- 3919483 TI - Congenital bladder diverticula causing ureteral obstruction. AB - Two boys with congenital periureteral bladder diverticula without vesicoureteral reflux but with severe hydronephrosis and ureteral obstruction are described. No bladder outflow obstruction was present. Urinary tract infection was the presenting symptom in both boys, and this is the most common presenting symptom of bladder diverticula. Diverticulectomy, ureteral tailoring, and reimplantation were performed. Three different mechanisms are proposed for the association of bladder diverticula and ureteral obstruction: compression of the extravesical ureter against the detrusor by the full, tense diverticulum, fibrosis resulting from peridiverticulitis, or primary hypomuscularity of the ureterovesical junction and distal ureter. PMID- 3919484 TI - Squamous cell cancer of female urethra. Successful treatment with chemoradiotherapy. AB - We report the case of a seventy-four-year-old woman with advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the urethra who achieved complete biopsy-proved regression of the tumor for more than thirty months after therapy with 5-fluorouracil, mitomycin-C, and radiotherapy. PMID- 3919485 TI - [Characteristics of paramyxoviruses isolated from pigeons in Czechoslovakia]. AB - Nine strains of paramyxovirus isolated from racing pigeons in southern Bohemia, Moravia and western Slovakia in 1983 were identified by the haemagglutination inhibition test with antisera to seven types of paramyxovirus and three types of influenza A virus as PMV-1, Newcastle disease virus, in all cases. The haemagglutination activity and pathogenicity of the isolates for chicken embryos, chicken fibroblast cultures, and chickens of different age were determined. The mean death time of chicken embryos (MDT/MLD) was 52.8 to 95.4 h, the average being 75.7 h. The intracerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI8) was on an average 1.42 +/- 0.10 (P = 0.95). Experimental infection of chickens at the age of one, two, three and eight weeks did not cause any clinical disease but increased the level of haemagglutination-inhibiting (HI) serum antibodies up to 1 : 256 within three weeks. The course of heat inactivation of pigeon viruses at the temperature of 56 degrees C was practically identical with the inactivation of the velogenic viscerotropic strain California/1082/71. On the basis of the results, the pigeon isolates may be considered the Newcastle disease virus of velogenic viscerotropic type whose pathogenicity for chickens has been reduced to the level of mesogenic strains by long-time passaging in pigeons. PMID- 3919486 TI - [Disinfection for dermatomycoses in veterinary practice]. AB - Sporulating cultures of two strains of Trichophyton equinum, two strains of Trich. mentagrophytes and one strain of Microsporum canis were tested by a simple dipping technique for their sensitivity to ten currently used disinfectants. Antifungal effects on all cultures of dermatophytes were observed already after one-minute treatment with 0.5%-4% peracetic acid, 4% formaldehyde solution and concentrated solution of Lastanox super. The above strains were inactivated after five-minute treatment with 1% and 2% formaldehyde solution, 20% Iodonal B solution and Ajatin solution with 10% active substance. Fungistatic effects of various intensity were observed in the other disinfectants. PMID- 3919487 TI - [Relation between biochemical parameters in the blood of cows and milk production]. AB - No differences in blood samples were found out when the biochemical parameters in arterial and venous blood of dairy cows were compared before and after milking. Negative correlation coefficient (r = -0.3460) approaching the significance level was determined by comparing the values for milk yield on the day of sampling (in ascending phase of lactation) and protein content in venous blood after milking, and significant negative correlation coefficient (r = -0.3813) for daily milk yield and gamma-globulin concentration in venous blood before milking. The relationship between butterfat content on the day of milking and the values of alkaline phosphatase can be characterized by significant up to highly significant negative correlation coefficients in all three blood samples (r = -0.3232 to 0.3908). PMID- 3919488 TI - [Low-fat milk syndrome]. AB - Three groups of cows--one group given linseed supplement, the second split rations of concentrates and the third as control--were studied for five months to investigate the biochemical parameters of rumen fluid and blood serum in animals with the "low-fat milk syndrome". The lowest decrease of butterfat content was observed in the linseed-supplement group of cows. In this group the lowest drop of acetic acid in rumen was found out, along with an increase in adipose metabolites in blood serum--total lipids, triglycerides and cholesterol. There were no variations of the content of glucose and total protein in blood. It has been stated that a linseed supplement can have a positive influence on the "low fat milk syndrome". PMID- 3919489 TI - [Renal excretion of urea in the Merino and Steppe fat-tailed breeds of sheep after a short period of fasting]. AB - Urea excretion was studied in an experiment with two sheep breeds (steppe fat tailed and merino) on the second day of fasting when the urea concentration in blood increases in fasting animals. The control group in the two breeds was given free-choice feed and water while fasting sheep were given ad libitum only water. Diuresis in both breeds was steady during the experiment. Glomerular filtration rate was not found to vary, in comparison with the control, although the plasma urea concentration rose in fat-tailed sheep (P less than 0.01) as well as in the sheep of merino breed (P less than 0.001). Fractional excretion of urea decreased in fat-tailed sheep (P less than 0.05) and also in the sheep of merino breed (P less than 0.02) while total output of urea remained steady in fat-tailed sheep but it increased in merino sheep (P less than 0.02). Tubular reabsorption of urea on the second day of fasting was observed to be higher by 65% in merino sheep (P less than 0.001), but in steppe fat-tailed sheep the increase was much higher--by up to 180% (P less than 0.001), in comparison with the control. It was demonstrated by the results that the increased tubular reabsorption of urea contributes to the rise of plasma urea concentration in sheep on the second day of fasting. PMID- 3919490 TI - [Impregno-architectonic study of the medial part of the hypothalamus in sheep]. AB - Impregno-architectonics of neurons in the nuclei of the medial part of hypothalamus was studied in two-month and adult female and male sheep using the methods after Ramon-Moliner and Golgi-Cox. Types of neurons in the hypothalamic nuclei are given, morphology of synaptic conjugations and orientation of nerve processes are described. Ventromedial nucleus has the most interesting structure as a part of the medial hypothalamus: it is ring-shaped in cross-section with paucicellular center, contains various types of neurons and all kinds of synapses which can occur in hypothalamus. Only small numbers of neurons in the pars caudalis of tuberomammillary nucleus, similarly like in nucl. supraopticus and nucl. paraventricularis, are impregnated so that they can be supposed to belong to true neurosecretory nuclei. PMID- 3919491 TI - Encephalitozoonosis in squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus). AB - Twenty-two cases of naturally occurring encephalitozoonosis in squirrel monkeys are reported from breeding colonies of the Delta Regional Primate Research Center, Covington, La. Characteristic foci of granulomatous inflammation and organisms were demonstrated in brains, kidneys, lungs, adrenals, and livers. Vasculitis and perivasculitis were also common lesions in several organs. At least seven cases were congenital while ten others occurred in monkeys less than nine months old. Granulomatous placentitis, previously unreported in any species due to Encephalitozoon cuniculi, was present in one monkey. PMID- 3919492 TI - Spontaneous nasopharyngeal malignancies in the common marmoset. PMID- 3919493 TI - Infectious stunting syndrome: the isolation of a novel virus. PMID- 3919494 TI - Reduction of bacterial infections in newly hatched chicks by the use of antimicrobial dips: preliminary approaches. AB - Bacteriological examination of hatchery waste eggs, identification of the isolated bacteria, and susceptibility testing against seven antimicrobial agents were used in an attempt to establish a rational basis for reducing bacterial infections in newly hatched chicks. Chloramphenicol at 1000 ppm was selected as the antibiotic for preliminary dipping trials and 0.45% iodophore (Wescodyne) was added for later trials. The control treatment consisted of formaldehyde fumigation. The following conclusions can be drawn: Hatchery waste eggs are highly contaminated (69.1%) and enterobacteriaceae predominate (26.6%). Chloramphenicol is the most effective antimicrobial tested. Dip treatments with either chloramphenicol alone or chloramphenicol plus Wescodyne result in a reduced percentage of abnormal navels (8.4% and 10.4%), as compared with 21.9% for the control treatment. Hatchability of either group of dipped eggs is reduced in comparison with fumigated eggs. Dip treatment with chloramphenicol plus Wescodyne significantly reduces the anal carrier rates for Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella spp., and Staphylococcus aureus. This treatment reduces the incidence of bacterial infection in abnormal navels to zero. PMID- 3919495 TI - Humoral and cellular factors affecting the neutrophil response of the locally immunised mammary gland to staphylococcal infection. AB - Locally immunising the non-lactating ovine mammary gland by infusing killed Staphylococcus aureus enhances neutrophil accumulation in mammary secretion during subsequent staphylococcal infection. Immunological factors influencing this increased neutrophil response were studied in the present experiments. Glands locally immunised with killed Brucella abortus supported a greater neutrophil response to staphylococcal infection than did glands immunised with killed S. aureus. An enhanced neutrophil response to staphylococcal infection was recorded in 3 of 7 ewes locally immunised with zymosan. Passive immunisation by intramammary infusion of secretions from immunised glands conferred an enhanced neutrophil response during staphylococcal infection. Absence of haemolytic complement in secretions of immunised glands suggested complement was not implicated in the response. Secretions of immunised glands contained elevated concentrations of mononuclear cells. When exudates rich in mononuclear cells were established by infusion of endotoxin into non-immunised glands there was no increase in the neutrophil response to subsequent staphylococcal infection. However, when the mononuclear cell concentration was elevated by intramammary infusion of staphylococcal antigens in systemically immunised ewes there was an increase in the neutrophil response to subsequent infection. Thus humoral and cellular characteristics of the locally immunised mammary gland influence the kinetics of the neutrophil influx during staphylococcal infection. PMID- 3919497 TI - Attempted immunization of swine against acute sarcocystosis using cystozoite derived vaccines. AB - Low-dose Sarcocystis miescheriana infections have recently been shown to protect pigs against acute sarcocystosis. Because this protective immunity was short lasting, an alternative immunization strategy was examined. Four experimental vaccines were prepared from S. miescheriana cystozoites and tested in 13 pigs. Two vaccines were prepared from intact organisms (live and formalin-fixed cystozoites) and 2 from subcellular cystozoite fractions (pellicle and protoplasm extracts). The live vaccine was injected intraperitoneally and the remainder were suspended in Freund's incomplete adjuvant and injected intramuscularly. An additional 5 pigs were injected with adjuvant or saline placebos and used as controls. Serum samples were collected regularly and tested in enzyme immunoassays for specific IgM and IgG antibodies. Low levels of IgM antibodies were detected after 8 days and elevated levels of IgG antibodies were detected after 22 days. The success of vaccination was tested 40 days after vaccination by lethal homologous challenge of each pig with 3 X 10(6) sporocysts. Despite the presence of specific antibodies at the time of challenge, all pigs died from acute sarcocystosis 12 days later. The cystozoite vaccines were therefore antigenic but not immunogenic and did not induce any protective immunity. PMID- 3919496 TI - Enhanced intraphagocytic killing of Brucella abortus in bovine mononuclear cells by liposomes-containing gentamicin. AB - In vitro intraphagocytic killing of Brucella abortus in bovine mononuclear leukocytes was enhanced by cationic, anionic, and neutral multilamellar liposomes containing gentamicin. Free gentamicin not entrapped in liposomes. and liposomes without antibiotic did not enhance intraphagocytic killing of B. abortus in bovine phagocytes. In vivo killing of B. abortus in guinea pigs was also enhanced by liposomes-containing gentamicin when compared to free gentamicin. Liposomes containing alpha tocopherol acetate failed to enhance in vivo killing of B. abortus. PMID- 3919498 TI - Initiation of a transplantable fibrosarcoma by the synergism of two non initiators, alpha-tocopherol and soya oil. AB - When, in the course of an ageing study, alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E), dissolved in soya oil, was given to 22 Balb/c mice once a week subcutaneously for 10 months, it caused the development of vigorously growing fibrosarcomata at the site of the injections in 17 (77.3%) of the animals. The tumors produced in this manner proved eminently transplantable into syngeneic Balb/c hosts, and have been serially transplanted every 3-4 weeks for over 3 years in such recipients, having reached their 44th transplantation cycle at the present time; upon transplantation, they now exhibit a 100% "take" incidence and proliferate extremely rapidly, growing from pin-head size to up to half the weight of a whole recipient mouse within 3 weeks. All fibrosarcomata showed marked mitotic activity, invasion of adjacent tissues and extensive necrotic areas, and they became more undifferentiated after the third transplantation cycle. Neither pure alpha-tocopherol alone nor soya oil alone produced any tumors when given subcutaneously once a week, for 10 months to groups of 22 Balb/c mice each. It is concluded that the two agents alpha-tocopherol and soya oil which proved non carcinogenic when injected alone, developed a powerful carcinogenic effect when they acted on subcutaneous connective tissue simultaneously. The possible mechanisms of this phenomenon are discussed. PMID- 3919499 TI - The significance of the number of centroblasts in centroblastic/centrocytic lymphomas. A long term study in a large group of patients. AB - A group of 385 centroblastic/centrocytic lymphomas with long follow-up periods was subdivided on the basis of the relative number of centroblasts in the initial biopsies. Only minor differences in overall survival were found although a different survival pattern was observed between the groups. The transition into a high-grade malignant secondary centroblastic lymphoma correlated, at a statistically significant level, with the relative number of centroblasts in the initial biopsy. PMID- 3919500 TI - Structural changes of collagen fibrils in skeletal dysplasias. Ultrastructural findings in the iliac crest. AB - The skeletal dysplasias are constitutional, generalized or localized disorders of the skeletal system involving a disturbance of growth and/or bone density; their genetic transmission varies. Pathomorphologically, a combined functional structural disturbance of the cartilaginous and/or bone tissue is present. Clinically, the result is varying degrees of dwarfism. Within the framework of a systematic examination of skeletal dysplasias, a total of 84 iliac crest specimens/biopsies obtained from stillborn infants and patients varying in age from a few days to 40 years, were investigated in the electron microscope. The sections prepared extended from the perichondrium through the proximal resting zone to the primary mineralization zone. The structure of the collagen fibrils was studied in diastrophic dysplasia, pseudoachondroplasia, the WOLCOTT-RALLISON syndrome, osteogenesis imperfecta, and idiopathic juvenile osteoporosis. In diastrophic dysplasia, pseudoachondroplasia and idiopathic osteoporosis, the cartilaginous ground substance contains collagen fibrils that can vary considerably in length, structure and diameter. In one case of WOLCOTT-RALLISON syndrome, the lacunae of the chondrocytes are found to contain very wide amianthoid-like and inadequately aggregated collagen fibrils. In numerous cases, osteogenesis imperfecta reveals very fine and also irregularly structured collagen fibrils with scarcely discernible cross-striation in the region of the osteoid, which is of varying width. In some of the cases, catechin has a favourable effect on the formation of collagen fibrils, resulting in broader and more densely packed fibrils. In addition, the conditions are associated with considerable intracellular changes in the rough endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus and the mitochondria. The varying collagen fibril findings in the cartilage and bone tissue also represent a morphological marker of the combined functional-structural disorder of chondrocytes and/or osteoblasts, and an expression of the differing aetiopathogenesis. PMID- 3919501 TI - Intracellular J chains in lymphoproliferative diseases. AB - The presence of J or joining chains has been studied in formol-paraffin tissue sections from various lymphoproliferative diseases. The percentages of J chain positivity in 56 cases of multiple myeloma, in 41 of immunocytic malignant lymphoma and 35 of immunoblastic malignant lymphoma were 58.9, 70.7 and 37.1%, respectively. The ratio of kappa to lambda chain types of the monotypic Ig-s was the lowest in multiple myeloma, intermediate in immunocytic and highest in immunoblastic malignant lymphoma (ml). In 8 cases (one local immature plasmocytoma, one non-secretory multiple myeloma, one immunocytic, 4 immunoblastic and one centroblastic malignant lymphoma), only J chains were present in the tumour cells--"J chain disease". A significant difference in survival of J chain positive (26.8 months) and negative (17.7 months) multiple myeloma cases was observed. Myeloma kidney lesions were slightly more frequent in J chain negative cases. In lymphoproliferative disease J chain seems to be associated with early events of Ig synthesis. On the other hand, in two cases with biclonal Ig-s, the IgM positive immunoblastic ml cells and inclusions and the IgA positive multiple myeloma cells and inclusions were J chain positive. The IgG positive cells in both tumours and the IgG positive inclusions in the immunoblastic tumour were negative for J chains. PMID- 3919503 TI - Guatemala journal. PMID- 3919504 TI - Health care delivery in the '80s: can we meet the challenge? PMID- 3919502 TI - Anatomo-pathological findings in a case of combined deficiency of sulphite oxidase and xanthine oxidase with a defect of molybdenum cofactor. AB - A case of combined deficiency of sulphite-oxidase and xanthine-oxidase with a defect of the molybdenum cofactor, which is vital to the activity of sulphite-, xanthine- and aldehyde-oxidase, is reported here. Seven cases of combined deficiencies have been described with regard to both clinical and laboratory findings. The clinical, laboratory and anatomo-pathological features and, in particular, the central nervous system lesions of the present case correspond exactly to those in the case described Rosenblum in which an isolated deficiency in sulphite-oxidase was present. As the cerebral alterations in the present case are comparable to those described in Rosenblum's case, they probably result from the defect in sulphite-oxidase activity. PMID- 3919505 TI - Chemical dependency. Part IV: a personal story. Factors influencing a response to calling. PMID- 3919506 TI - Recovery of radiolabeled-insulin from parenteral nutrient solutions. PMID- 3919507 TI - Quadruple injection of hypothalamic peptides to evaluate pituitary function in normal subjects. AB - A single intravenous injection of four hypothalamic releasing hormones corticotropin-, growth hormone-, gonadotropin- and thyrotropin-releasing hormones was administered to normal subjects. Except for the plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) level, a statistically significant increase in all anterior pituitary hormone levels occurred. Transient flushing was the only consistent side effect. In the same persons, results were compared with those obtained with insulin-induced hypoglycemia and a single-dose overnight metyrapone test. Growth hormone and cortisol responses to insulin-induced hypoglycemia were similar but prolactin increment was less than that obtained by the peptide injection. ACTH increments from both tests were substantially less than those obtained by the overnight metyrapone test. We conclude that pituitary function can be effectively studied in normal subjects by the combination of a metyrapone test with a triple bolus of growth hormone-, thytropin- and gonadotropin-releasing hormones, but not by a quadruple bolus of the hypothalamic peptides. Compared with insulin-induced hypoglycemia, this approach yields more information with fewer side effects. PMID- 3919508 TI - Continuity and change in the origin of modern Homo sapiens. PMID- 3919510 TI - [Nutrition and the monooxygenase system of the liver]. PMID- 3919509 TI - [Functional heterogeneity of the limbic structures of the brain in organizing feeding and defensive behaviors]. PMID- 3919511 TI - [Restoration of the immune responsiveness and the state of the endocrine system in oncological patients during metabolic rehabilitation in the postoperative period]. PMID- 3919512 TI - Chromium and selenium levels in commercially available enteral nutrition. AB - Chromium and selenium contents of thirty-five commercially available enteral feed were determined by atomic-absorption spectrometry after previous wet ashing. Daily chromium intake, based on a 2,000 kcal (8,368 kJ) diet, was below the proposed safe and adequate intake for 78% of the feedings. Hypocaloric diets especially provided extremely low doses of this element. For selenium nearly 80% of the diets provided intakes below the recommended 50 micrograms/day. Selenium concentration was positively correlated with the protein content (p = 0.007), whilst fat content and selenium concentrations showed a significant negative correlation (p = 0.002). No definite correlation could be found between the selenium and chromium content of the food (p greater than 0.1). PMID- 3919513 TI - The concentration of choline and the activities of cholinesterases, creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase in the blood plasma of piglets with the syndrome of splayleg (congenital myofibrillar hypoplasia). PMID- 3919514 TI - Effect of feeding silage with high butyric acid content on ketone body formation and milk yield in postparturient dairy cows. PMID- 3919515 TI - [Meiotic chromosomes of the rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri)]. PMID- 3919516 TI - [Mitotic chromosomes of the rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri)]. PMID- 3919517 TI - Casein-induced anaphylactic-type acute respiratory distress syndrome in calves. PMID- 3919518 TI - Evaluation of xylazine-ketamine anaesthesia in buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis). PMID- 3919519 TI - [Use of a propionylpromazine and meperidine combination in thiopental sodium anesthesia in horses]. PMID- 3919520 TI - [Effect of the level of dietary nitrogen utilization on the distribution of various N-fractions in the urine of rats]. PMID- 3919521 TI - Renin release during controlled hypotension with sodium nitroprusside, nitroglycerin and adenosine: a comparative study in the dog. AB - The haemodynamic effects of i.v. infusions of sodium nitroprusside (SNP), nitroglycerin (TNG), and adenosine were studied in dogs in parallel with quantitative determinations of plasma renin activity (PRA) by radioimmunoassay. The drugs were given for controlled hypotension, and the mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) was decreased to approximately 50 mmHg (6.7 kPa). Arterial blood samples for PRA were collected at 10-min intervals. During the last interval the dogs were subjected to haemorrhagic shock. SNP-induced hypotension could be maintained only with a stepwise increase in infusion rate, from 11.8 to 16.0 micrograms X kg-1 X min-1 (P less than 0.05). TNG could not produce the desired blood pressure level, but gradually increasing doses induced a gradually decreasing MABP (80-60 mmHg) (10.7-8.0 kPa). During adenosine-induced hypotension, a perfectly stable blood pressure level was maintained without dose adjustments. Both SNP and TNG induced blood pressure-dependent increases in PRA, while no changes in PRA were seen during adenosine-induced hypotension. Nor could haemorrhagic shock, which induced further increases in PRA during SNP- and TNG induced hypotension, alter PRA during adenosine infusions. We conclude that adenosine differs markedly from conventional hypotensive drugs such as SNP and TNG with respect to stability of action and dose requirements, and that this stability is related to an inhibited increase in renin release. PMID- 3919522 TI - Phosphate supplementation in parenteral nutrition. AB - Pronounced serum phosphate deficiency has been shown to be deleterious when starting parenteral nutrition in severely malnourished patients. The consequences of phosphate deficiency and the need for phosphate supplementation in critically ill patients are not well known. Thirty ICU patients randomized into two groups were studied. The patients received complete parenteral nutrition with and without addition of extra phosphate. The low phosphate group got 7.5 mmol phosphate (from the phospholipids in the fat emulsion) and the high phosphate group got 60-80 mmol phosphate/day. There were no significant differences in serum phosphate or calcium levels between the groups. In the high phosphate group the phosphate balance was positive and calcium balance zero while in the low phosphate group both phosphate and calcium balances were negative. The phosphate content in a standard nutrition programme is not sufficient to create a positive phosphate balance. With the addition of 80 mmol phosphate/day a positive balance was achieved. It is hard to establish guidelines for the administration of phosphate in ICU patients. 20-40 mmol may normally be satisfactory but we have shown that ICU patients may need and can tolerate up to 80 mmol/day. PMID- 3919523 TI - Influence of two different anaesthetic agents on the newborn and the correlation between foetal oxygenation and induction-delivery time in elective caesarean section. AB - The PO2 and acid-base balance (pH, PCO2 and base deficit) of the newborn, determined at the moment of birth and at 10 and 60 min after birth, were compared in two series of elective caesarean section, anaesthesia being induced with thiopentone in one series (n = 12), and with ketamine in the other (n = 16). The PO2 and acid base values of umbilical cord blood at birth were correlated with the induction delivery (ID) times of the total series of patients subjected to elective caesarean section (n = 28). The ID-times were varied between 2 and 10 min. The PO2, acid-base values and Apgar scores did not differ between the thiopentone and ketamine groups. A significant negative correlation between the PO2 of the newborn at the moment of birth and the ID-time was found in the thiopentone group. The study suggests that ketamine is a good alternative to barbiturate as an induction agent for caesarean section. PMID- 3919524 TI - Comparison of alfentanil and fentanyl as supplements to induction of anaesthesia with thiopentone. AB - In 120 premedicated patients undergoing general surgery, anaesthesia was induced with thiopentone 3 mg kg-1, preceded by alfentanil 4.5, 9.0 or 13.5 micrograms kg 1 or fentanyl 1.5 micrograms kg-1. The largest alfentanil dose attenuated the arterial blood pressure response to laryngoscopy and intubation better than the smaller doses of alfentanil. Changes in frontal muscle electromyogram or plasma cortisol and prolactin levels were not dependent on the adjuvant used. After thiopentone, 30, 7 and 17% of the patients given alfentanil 9.0 and 13.5 micrograms kg-1 and fentanyl 1.5 micrograms kg-1, respectively, reacted to pinching of the lower abdomen. Patients given alfentanil 4.5 micrograms kg-1 did not tolerate the endotracheal tube after recovery from suxamethonium block and their heart rate was increased 12 min after alfentanil administration. We conclude that the antinociceptive effect of alfentanil is distinctly shorter than that of fentanyl. The analgesic potency of alfentanil is between one sixth and one ninth of that of fentanyl. PMID- 3919525 TI - Relationship between arterial and heated skin surface carbon dioxide tension in adults. AB - Carbon dioxide tension was measured on heated skin surface (PSCO2) and in arterial blood (PaCO2) in eight adult patients during intermittent positive pressure ventilation. A total of 299 PaCO2-PSCO2 measurements were performed at electrode temperatures of 45 degrees C, 43 degrees C and 38 degrees C. The PSCO2 PaCO2 relation was evaluated using: 1) linear regression, 2) PSCO2/PaCO2 ratio and 3) temperature correction methods. Both linear regression and ratio indicate temperature dependency of the PSCO2-PaCO2 relation. The temperature correction method was done with a blood PCO2 temperature coefficient of 4.6% per degrees C and at two temperatures: electrode temperature (according to Severinghaus) and estimated capillary blood temperature. The results indicate that the relation between PaCO2, PSCO2 and electrode temperature is constant enough to permit estimation of PaCO2 from PSCO2 during stable circulatory conditions. PMID- 3919526 TI - Intensive plasma exchange as an adjunct to management of severe rhesus disease. AB - Large-volume plasma exchange was used to reduce the maternal anti-D concentration in a case of severe rhesus disease. The treatment commenced at 19 weeks' gestation and continued until the infant was successfully delivered at 35.2 weeks' gestation. The initial anti-D level of 30 IU/ml was lowered to 10 and was maintained below that level, with few exceptions throughout the program. The volume of plasma exchanged each week varied between 6.8 and 13.4 liters, a total of 154 l. Three IUTs were accomplished, starting from 31 weeks' gestation. The patient's OD values remained far below those recorded in her previous pregnancy which terminated in neonatal death. The replacement fluids consisted of 98 l PPS with FFP added to equilibrate the patient at the end of each procedure, altogether 33 l. At 33 weeks' gestation she developed a transient non-A, non-B hepatitis probably caused by the use of FFP. However, she later made a complete recovery. Large-volume plasma exchanges commenced early in high-risk pregnancy must be individually designed and based on the kinetics of anti-D production. The replacement fluids should preferably consist of pasteurized albumin solutions and intravenous immune globulin. PMID- 3919527 TI - Cytochrome P-450-dependent fragmentation of DNA in reconstituted membranes. AB - Membrane vesicles containing various forms of rabbit liver microsomal cytochromes P-450 and NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase were found to degrade plasmid DNA in an NADPH-requiring reaction. When cytochrome P-450 was replaced by cytochrome b5, only a negligible extent of DNA disintegration occurred. The complete inhibition of the process by hydroxyl radical scavengers, superoxide dismutase and catalase, indicated an iron-catalyzed Haber-Weiss reaction for the generation of hydroxyl radicals that subsequently react with the nucleic acid. PMID- 3919528 TI - Long-term lithium treatment. Some clinical, psychological and biological aspects. AB - The prophylactic effect of lithium was studied prospectively in 63 patients with recurrent affective disorders. Lithium treatment was started at recovery from a current episode of illness when the patients were able to participate in the decision to start long-term treatment. The median treatment time was 23.7 months and the mean serum lithium concentration approx. 0.63 mmol/l. Comparison with equally long control periods before lithium showed that the treatment resulted in statistically significant reductions in number of episodes, number of months ill, and number of months hospitalized. There were 40 (63%) responders (frequency of episodes during lithium lower than before lithium) and 23 (37%) non-responders (frequency of episodes during lithium higher than or the same as before lithium). Females responded slightly better than males. Responders scored significantly higher than non-responders in the psychasthenia and muscle tension subscales of the Karolinska Hospital Personality Inventory. Both responders and non-responders showed falls in CPRS during lithium treatment, the fall was statistically significant in the responders. During the first 4 months of lithium treatment the responders showed a significant rise in serum calcium, while serum calcium remained unaltered in the non-responders. These variables may be predictive of response to long-term lithium treatment. The low numbers of patients who discontinued treatment and the even serum levels of lithium suggest that good compliance to treatment was achieved with the present approach. PMID- 3919529 TI - Prolactinomas in men: clinical characteristics and the effect of bromocriptine treatment. AB - Thirty-seven men with prolactin (PRL) producing pituitary adenomas were studied to elucidate if patient's delay might cause the predominance of large tumours in men as compared to women in whom microadenomas predominate. We found two clinical subgroups; one presented with short duration of symptoms, dominated by local signs from the growth of notably large tumours, the other exhibited a long history of disease with hypogonadism as the dominating symptom. There was a correlation between tumour size and PRL levels. The age at the time of diagnosis showed no correlation to duration of symptoms, size of adenoma or PRL levels. Four patients with small adenomas, moderate hyperprolactinemia and short duration of symptoms showed signs of hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. Surgery or irradiation, performed in 14 patients, did not normalize PRL levels. Bromocriptine was equally beneficial in the two clinical subgroups, improving clinical symptoms and normalizing PRL levels in all but three patients. The study shows that the predominance of large tumours in men does not depend on patient's or doctor's delay, but on a high frequency of presumably rapidly growing PRL producing tumours. In the majority of patients, these tumours do not give signs of hypogonadism before the tumour is revealed by local signs of tumour growth. PMID- 3919530 TI - Plasmapheresis in hyperviscosity syndrome. AB - Three patients with Waldenstrom's macroglobulinaemia developed circulatory complications due to increased plasma viscosity, i.e. relative viscosity value above 4. Plasmapheresis was performed either in a Haemonetics 30 S cell separator, by plasma filtration through a CPS 10 TM filter or by a double-double pack Fenwal system. All three methods reduced the plasma viscosity and abolished the clinical symptoms. In cases of acute hyperviscosity syndrome, apheresis of small amounts of plasma by the double-double pack system may serve as an alternative to the more advanced techniques. PMID- 3919531 TI - Transient effect of the combination of insulin and sulfonylurea (glibenclamide) on glycemic control in non-insulin dependent diabetics poorly controlled with insulin alone. AB - In a double-blind cross-over study we compared the effects of insulin plus glibenclamide, 5 mg twice daily, with insulin plus placebo during 8-week periods on metabolic parameters in 13 non-insulin dependent diabetic (NIDDM) patients poorly controlled with insulin alone. The combination therapy improved diabetic control as assessed by fasting blood glucose (p less than 0.001), 24-hour urinary glucose (p less than 0.01) and glycohemoglobin (HbA1) concentrations (p less than 0.05 at week 12). The effect tended to cease with time. Significantly higher C peptide values were found during combination treatment than during insulin placebo (p less than 0.01) and the changes in fasting C-peptide concentrations correlated positively with the changes in HbA1 concentrations (r = 0.56, p less than 0.05). There was no difference in glucagon concentrations, insulin binding to erythrocytes or insulin sensitivity between the two study periods. Neither did the combination therapy influence blood lipids significantly. The present study shows that the combination of insulin and glibenclamide may be of limited value in the treatment of NIDDM patients poorly controlled with insulin alone. However, thus far the long-term results are uncertain. In the absence of significant effects on insulin binding and insulin sensitivity, the improved diabetic control seems to be explained, at least partly, by glibenclamide-induced stimulation of insulin secretion. PMID- 3919532 TI - Calcium antagonists in the treatment of hypertension: a critical overview. PMID- 3919533 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of urinary tract malformations. PMID- 3919535 TI - Effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on blood pressure and renal function in man. PMID- 3919534 TI - The role of prostaglandins in arterial hypertension: a critical review. PMID- 3919536 TI - New approaches to the diagnosis of renovascular hypertension. PMID- 3919537 TI - Atypical lupus with special reference to ANA negative lupus and lupus subsets. PMID- 3919538 TI - Membranous glomerulopathy in systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 3919539 TI - Immunologic problems and perspectives in the therapeutic use of monoclonal antibodies in nephrology. PMID- 3919540 TI - Therapeutic use of monoclonal antibodies in kidney transplantation. PMID- 3919541 TI - Use of antimicrobial agents in treating urinary tract infection. PMID- 3919542 TI - Side effects due to materials used in hemodialysis equipment. PMID- 3919543 TI - Prevention and treatment of aluminum intoxication in chronic renal failure. PMID- 3919544 TI - Euthyroid sick syndrome. PMID- 3919545 TI - Drug therapy for sexually transmitted diseases. PMID- 3919546 TI - Clinical toxicology of PCBs. PMID- 3919547 TI - Laser-assisted debridement of aortic valve calcium. AB - Experimental debridement of aortic valve calcium by means of laser phototherapy was investigated in vitro. Near-total debridement of calcific deposits observed on pretreatment x-ray films was accomplished using carbon-dioxide laser phototherapy. Analysis of liberated photoproducts suggests that debridement is effected by thermal degradation of the surrounding connective tissue envelope and thermal expansion of the calcific nodules. These results suggest that in selected patients with calcific aortic stenosis, it may be possible to perform intraoperative laser-assisted debridement of aortic valve calcium in order to preserve the native aortic valve and thus avoid prosthetic valve replacement. PMID- 3919548 TI - Long-term anticoagulant therapy after acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 3919549 TI - The activity of molsidomine in experimental models of ischemic cardiac disease. AB - The cardioprotective and antithrombotic activity of molsidomine, a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of coronary heart disease, was investigated in a series of animal models of myocardial ischemia. Molsidomine given to dogs with marked ST segment elevation (epicardial electrogram), induced by a reduction of left descending coronary artery (LAD) flow to 20% to 30% of the original value, resulted within 40 minutes in complete normalization of ECG changes. In another animal model molsidomine given either before or after occlusion of the LAD significantly reduced infarct size. All these molsidomine effects were accompanied by a marked lowering of preload, resulting in a reduction of extravascular coronary artery resistance and in increased blood flow toward the ischemic zones. In a model of myocardial ischemia and reperfusion in the anesthetized dog, molsidomine had a marked protective effect against the incidence of spontaneous ventricular fibrillation. This effect could also be attributed to the anti-ischemic activity of molsidomine, which would reduce the disparity between the refractory periods in normal and ischemic areas and thus increase ventricular stability. The antithrombotic activity of molsidomine was investigated in dogs in which the left circumflex coronary artery was electrically stimulated, a procedure that leads to thrombotic occlusion. Molsidomine in a dose-dependent manner prevented coronary thrombotic occlusion and reduced thrombus wet weight and the size of the resulting infarction. These effects of molsidomine were not related to its hemodynamic activity, since nitroglycerin and isosorbide dinitrate had similar hemodynamic effects but did not prevent coronary thrombosis. The antithrombotic activity of molsidomine is probably related to its ability to lower coronary venous blood thromboxane levels. PMID- 3919550 TI - Hemodynamic effects of molsidomine in patients with acute myocardial infarction. AB - The hemodynamic effects of molsidomine were studied in 48 patients with acute myocardial infarction and compared with hemodynamic properties in a control group of 24 patients. The most pronounced decrease in pulmonary artery diastolic pressure occurs between 30 and 60 minutes after oral administration of 8 to 12 mg (n = 16). There is no major difference in action between the oral and intravenous application of 8 to 12 mg (n = 22). Its effect lasts about 3 to 4 hours and may exceed up to 8 hours in patients with left heart failure (n = 10). The mean arterial pressure is affected only with high doses (12 mg). Cardiac output decreases slightly only in patients without left heart failure. An additional intraindividual comparison of nitroglycerin (1.6 mg sublingually) and molsidomine (12 mg intravenously) (n = 11) revealed no significant difference in hemodynamic effectiveness. Molsidomine, like nitroglycerin, acts primarily to reduce cardiac preload. An additional moderate action on afterload with a slight decline in arterial pressure may be noticed at high doses. PMID- 3919551 TI - Effects of molsidomine on hemodynamics and blood gases in acute myocardial infarction with left heart failure. AB - We studied the effects of molsidomine on hemodynamic properties and blood gas levels in eight patients with acute myocardial infarction and left heart failure. One hour after an 8 mg intravenous bolus injection, pulmonary wedge pressure and right atrial pressure decreased, respectively, from 30 +/- 9 to 23 +/- 12 mm Hg (p less than 0.01) and from 10.4 +/- 3.6 to 7.8 +/- 4.0 mm Hg (p less than 0.05) without significant changes in heart rate, cardiac index, or systemic blood pressure. There was a mild decrease in arterial oxygen tension (from 61 +/- 15 to 56 +/- 6 mm Hg), but it was not significant. The drug induced no adverse effects. Intravenous bolus injection of molsidomine rapidly relieves pulmonary congestion in patients with acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 3919552 TI - Paradoxical deterioration of left ventricular asynergy after administration of nitroglycerin. AB - The effects of nitroglycerin on segmental asynergy were studied by 2-dimensional echocardiography. Forty-five patients with coronary artery disease and segmental wall motion abnormality at rest were examined, 31 with Q-wave and 14 with only ST T abnormalities. Left ventricular (LV) echocardiograms were recorded from the LV apex in 4 planes, obtained by systematically rotating the transducer at 45 degrees intervals around the mitral office, using a mechanical device. Sixteen LV segments were analyzed in each patient on real-time display by 2 observers independently. The wall motion analysis was classified as normal, hypokinetic, akinetic or dyskinetic. Of 720 segments, 596 were agreed on by 2 observers in the assessment of wall motion before and after administration of nitroglycerin: 334 segments (56%) showed no change in wall motion, 206 (35%) showed improvement of wall motion and 56 (9%) showed worsening of myocardial asynergy after nitroglycerin. These data suggest that administration of nitroglycerin may result in unexpected worsening of segmental asynergy. This may be secondary to an adverse effect of a decrease in perfusion pressure in critically occluded arteries or may represent a coronary steal phenomenon. PMID- 3919553 TI - Case-control analysis of risk factors for presence of aortic stenosis in adults (age 50 years or older). AB - To analyze whether atherosclerotic risk factors, including systemic hypertension, an elevated serum cholesterol level, smoking and diabetes, were associated with the presence of aortic stenosis (AS) in adults, 105 adults who had AS without coronary artery disease (CAD) were compared with 110 control subjects who had other types of valvular disease, 170 control subjects who underwent catheterization and had neither valvular disease nor CAD, and 269 matched control subjects who underwent general surgery. When using each control group separately or in combination, no risk factor showed consistent evidence of a significant association with the development of AS. If the true magnitudes of these associations are of the order previously reported for the development of CAD, the power of our study for detecting statistical significance ranges from 56 to 99%. In a supplemental analysis, 45 cases with both AS and CAD did not have a higher prevalence of risk factors than cases without CAD. Although a weak association between atherosclerotic risk factors and AS cannot be excluded, any such association is unlikely to be as strong as for predicting CAD. PMID- 3919554 TI - Electrophysiologic effects of flecainide acetate and its major metabolites in the canine heart. AB - Flecainide acetate, an investigational class 1 antiarrhythmic agent, undergoes biotransformation in man with production of 2 major metabolites: meta-O dealkylated flecainide (S-24623) and the meta-O-dealkylated lactam of flecainide (S-26191). This study compared the effects of flecainide, S-24623 and S-26191 on cardiac electrophysiologic characteristics in the anesthetized dog. Each dog received 2 dose levels of 1 of the 3 test compounds after control measurements. Flecainide (2 and 4 mg/kg in 8 dogs), S-24623 (4 and 8 mg/kg in 8 dogs) and S 26191 (4 and 10 mg/kg in 7 dogs) were administered intravenously in dilute solution. Of the 3 compounds, only flecainide significantly prolonged sinus cycle length (p less than 0.01). However, both flecainide and S-24623 significantly prolonged minimum atrial paced cycle length with 1:1 atrioventricular conduction, atrioventricular nodal effective and functional refractory periods, and right ventricular effective refractory period. Metabolite S-26191 exhibited qualitatively similar but much weaker electrophysiologic actions. The maximal electrophysiologic effects of flecainide and S-24623 were approximately equivalent, but the metabolite was about one-half as potent on a milligram permilligram basis, and lacked marked effects on infranodal (HV interval) conduction. S-26191 was less than one-tenth as potent as flecainide. Therefore, since both flecainide metabolites occur primarily in the conjugated form in plasma (i.e., free metabolite concentrations are low), it is unlikely that these compounds either potentiate flecainide's antiarrhythmic action or increase susceptibility to drug toxicity in the clinical setting. PMID- 3919555 TI - Evaluation of bepridil for the treatment of angina pectoris: evidence for preservation of left ventricular function. AB - The efficacy of bepridil (400 mg once a day) was assessed in 15 patients with exertional angina pectoris. All 15 patients reported substantial clinical improvement during bepridil treatment compared with placebo treatment. Episodes of angina were 11.8 +/- 4.1 (mean +/- standard error of the mean)/week with placebo and 3.8 +/- 1.6 with bepridil (p less than 0.05); nitroglycerin use was 9.1 +/- 3.3 tablets/week with placebo and 3.5 +/- 1.7 with bepridil (p less than 0.05). Five of 15 patients receiving bepridil did not experience angina during treadmill exercise; in the remaining 10 patients, time to onset of angina during exercise was 5.7 +/- 0.9 minutes with bepridil as opposed to 4.5 +/- 0.8 minutes with placebo (p less than 0.05). Left ventricular (LV) performance at peak exercise as measured by first-pass radionuclide angiography revealed the ejection fraction to be 38 +/- 3% during placebo therapy and 47 +/- 4% during bepridil therapy (p less than 0.0025). End-diastolic LV volume was unchanged, but end systolic volume was 136 +/- 11 and 117 +/- 13 ml (p less than 0.05) and stroke volume was 82 +/- 6 and 97 +/- 9 ml (p less than 0.05) during placebo and bepridil therapy, respectively. Heart rate at peak exercise was 136 +/- 3 beats/min with placebo and 128 +/- 3 beats/min with bepridil; however, blood pressure was unchanged. These studies demonstrate that bepridil results in significant clinical improvement and enhanced LV performance in patients with angina pectoris. PMID- 3919556 TI - Comparative efficacy of 200, 300 and 400 mg of bepridil for chronic stable angina pectoris. AB - A total of 178 patients participated in a 14-week, multicenter, double-blind, parallel study to evaluate the comparative efficacy and safety of single daily doses of 200, 300 and 400 mg of bepridil hydrochloride and placebo in the treatment of patients with chronic stable angina pectoris. The results showed that weekly angina attacks and nitroglycerin consumption were significantly reduced from baseline levels with all doses of bepridil (p less than 0.01), and the reductions were consistently greater than those in the placebo group. For the 400-mg dose the reductions in angina attacks and nitroglycerin consumption were significantly greater (p less than or equal to 0.05) than those in the placebo group at all but 1 evaluation point. Exercise tolerance improved significantly during bepridil administration (p less than or equal to 0.05), and a significant linear dose response was noted for total exercise time, total work and time to onset of angina. In addition, bepridil was significantly superior to placebo for these parameters at doses of 300 (p less than or equal to 0.05) and 400 mg (p less than or equal to 0.01). There were small reductions in heart rate (mean 3.7 beats/min) and prolongation of QT and QTc intervals (approximately 30 to 40 milliseconds) associated with bepridil treatment. Bepridil was well tolerated by patients in this study. When adverse effects occurred, they most frequently involved the gastrointestinal and central nervous systems. Of the patients receiving bepridil, 6% discontinued therapy because of adverse effects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3919557 TI - Long-term efficacy of bepridil in patients with chronic stable angina pectoris: results of a multicenter, placebo-controlled study of extended bepridil use. AB - To evaluate whether bepridil once a day provides effective antianginal therapy during extended use, a placebo-controlled withdrawal study was conducted in 33 patients with chronic stable angina. Each patient studied had previously had a favorable response to short-term administration of bepridil and had been taking the drug once daily for greater than or equal to 9 months of continuous use. Patients were then randomly assigned to receive either continued bepridil or a placebo substitution once daily during a 4-week, double-blind, parallel-group comparison. Dosage for the bepridil group was constantly maintained for each patient at a level observed to be clinically effective. The study consisted of a comparison of angina frequency and nitroglycerin tablet consumption obtained from patient diaries and results from maximal-graded multistage treadmill tests. Patients randomized to continue receiving bepridil remained stable in terms of angina frequency and exercise performance. Discontinuation of long-term bepridil significantly increased angina frequency and nitroglycerin tablet consumption and reduced exercise capacity. Four patients (24%), all receiving placebo treatment, had increases in angina frequency and had the study terminated. Bepridil was reinstituted in these patients with resolution of symptoms and no untoward effects. The results of this placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized study confirm that bepridil continues to provide antianginal benefit during long-term administration. PMID- 3919558 TI - Morphology of the bovine epididymis. AB - The epididymis of the bull was divided into six regions, and morphological differences between regions were studied. The epithelium of all regions contained four cell types: principal and basal epithelial cells, and intraepithelial lymphocytes and macrophages. The epithelium of regions II-V also contained a few apical cells. Principal cells of all regions possessed an endocytotic apparatus including stereocilia underlain by canaliculi, coated vesicles, and subapical vacuoles (up to 1 micron in diameter); however, large vacuoles with a flocculent content and multivesicular bodies (up to 5 microns in diameter) were most numerous in regions II, III, and IV. The unique features of principal cells of region I were the presence of well-developed Golgi bodies, few lipid droplets, and whorls of smooth endoplasmic reticulum in the supranuclear cytoplasm. Numerous mitochondria, distended cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum, and dense granules characterized the infranuclear cytoplasm of the principal cells of regions II-VI; however, these features were more developed in region V. Apical cells were characterized by the apical location of the nucleus, many mitochondria in the apical cytoplasm, and few microvilli at the luminal border. Basal cells with few cytoplasmic lipid droplets were present throughout the length of the epididymis but appeared more numerous in region V. Intraepithelial lymphocytes were present at all levels of the epithelium but were never seen in the lumen. Intraepithelial macrophages containing heterogeneous granules, eccentric nuclei, and pseudopods were invariably seen near the basal area of the epithelium in all regions. These observations are discussed in an effort to define the role of each cell type in the epididymal epithelium. PMID- 3919559 TI - Formation of carbon dioxide from ascorbate in man. AB - Volunteers were given a steady intake of various individually different daily dosages of ascorbic acid. After 3 weeks 1-14C-labelled ascorbate was given together with various amounts of unlabelled ascorbic acid (90-1000 mg). Regardless of the total daily dose in cases where the carrier dose amounted to 180 mg or more, carbon dioxide was recovered from the breath. The amount recovered ranged from 1 to more than 30% of the given dose. The larger the amount of carrier the larger was the amount of label recovered as carbon dioxide. It is suggested that the formation of carbon dioxide is due to a presystemic effect as a result of microbiological or chemical degradation of ascorbate in the intestine. PMID- 3919560 TI - Calciuretic effect of cyclic versus continuous total parenteral nutrition. AB - Metabolic bone disease has been reported in patients receiving long-term cyclic administration of total parenteral nutrition (TPN). The exact etiology of this disturbance in mineral homeostasis has not been identified, however many of these patients are markedly hypercalciuric and in negative calcium balance. We have studied the effects of cyclical versus continuous infusion of nutrients on urinary calcium losses in a group of patients beginning a program of long-term home TPN. Cyclic TPN, when administered over either 18 or 12 hours, significantly increased daily urinary calcium excretion compared to continuous 24-h TPN infusion by 19 and 28%, respectively. During cyclic TPN, frank negative calcium balance was observed in 3 of 5 patients studied compared to 2 of 5 patients during continuous TPN. The pattern of urinary calcium loss during cyclic TPN was such that approximately 80% of the daily urinary calcium losses occurred during the 12 hours of TPN infusion. Cyclic administration of TPN increased the urinary calcium losses in all patients suggesting that an intermittent TPN infusion schedule, as typically utilized in home TPN programs, increases the risk of developing negative calcium balance, at least during the early phase of cyclic TPN administration. PMID- 3919561 TI - Isotope method for the measurement of carbon dioxide production rate in man. PMID- 3919562 TI - Characterization and evaluation of immunochemical methods for the measurement of fecal alpha 1-antitrypsin. AB - Measurement of alpha 1-antitrypsin in feces has been proposed as a method of diagnosing a protein-losing enteropathy. This approach makes use of an endogenous marker rather than radioisotopically labeled materials such as 51CrCl3 or 131albumin to measure protein clearance. The validity of using fecal alpha 1 antitrypsin measurement as a reflection of protein loss through the gastrointestinal tract has been demonstrated by several investigators. The authors report here the characterization of excreted alpha 1-antitrypsin and an evaluation of the immunochemical methods used to measure this protein. They find alpha 1-antitrypsin to be excreted both as a protease-antiprotease complex and in a form that is relatively unaltered compared with serum alpha 1-antitrypsin. The proportion of alpha 1-antitrypsin excreted as a complex was found to vary from patient to patient. Formation of the protease-antiprotease complex was found to decrease the apparent alpha 1-antitrypsin concentration when radial immunodiffusion or immunonephelometry were used. The observed bias was greater for radial immunodiffusion. When these methods were applied to a newborn population at risk for necrotizing enterocolitis, radial immunodiffusion was found to have better sensitivity and a higher predictive value for a positive result than the nephelometric method. The use of fecal alpha 1-antitrypsin for diagnosis of protein-losing enteropathy appears to be best accomplished by radial immunodiffusion. PMID- 3919563 TI - Case-finding for unsuspected thyroid disease: costs and health benefits. AB - An algorithmic test strategy was used in 5,002 hospital and clinic patients to detect unsuspected thyroid disease. The strategy eliminated redundant secondary tests; only 9.4% of patients required a T3 uptake determination and 2.7% a TSH or T3. Twenty-six cases of hypothyroidism (incidence: 0.5%) and seven cases of hyperthyroidism (incidence: 0.1%) were diagnosed. Costs of laboratory tests were analyzed in relation to health benefits. Fully allocated production and induced costs, after discounting to present value, amounted to $31,061. Health benefits were computed using a measure of quality of life derived from health status indices. Sensitivity analysis of selected patient groups demonstrated cost effectiveness ratios ranging from $2,022 to $1,739 per quality adjusted life year. PMID- 3919564 TI - Immunoperoxidase determination of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase in acute leukemia using PAP and ABC methods: experience in 102 cases. AB - Immunoperoxidase (IP) and immunofluorescence (IF) technics for the detection of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) were applied to 102 cases of acute leukemia to compare their relative usefulness in the diagnosis and classification of acute leukemia. Two different IP technics were used, peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) on 50 cases, avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC) on 42 cases, and both PAP and ABC on ten cases. Using 40% TdT+ cells to define positivity, 71 of 102 cases were IP+/IF+, 12 were IP+/IF-, and 19 were IP/IF-. The finding of 12 IP+/IF cases suggests greater sensitivity of the IP method in detecting TdT+ acute leukemia. This greater sensitivity was demonstrated by both PAP and ABC technics. Direct comparison of ABC and PAP technics in ten cases showed the results by both methods to be similar. In addition, previous reports utilizing the IF method found approximately 10% of cases of AML to have greater than 10% TdT+ cells. The authors' findings for the IF method were similar (15%), but using the IP methods, the authors were able to detect greater than 10% TdT+ cells in 46% of AML cases and greater than 40% TdT+ cells in 31% of AML cases. The authors conclude that the IP technics for the detection of TdT offer several advantages and may be more sensitive relative to the IF method. Further, either the PAP or the ABC method is suitable for routine use in hematopathology laboratories. PMID- 3919565 TI - Consistency of care in an intensive care nursery staffed by nurse clinicians. AB - Variables related to both the process and outcome of newborn intensive care were studied to evaluate care consistency in a level 3 Newborn Intensive Care Unit (NICU) where neonatal nurse clinicians function in a role usually held by pediatric house officers. In routine delivery of intensive care, there were no statistically significant diurnal variations in the overall mortality, maintenance of intravenous infusions, tolerance of oral feedings, or respiratory care except a decrease in frequency of blood gas sampling during the weekday days as compared with nights. Our data suggest that a tertiary NICU in which medical coverage by neonatologists is supplemented by carefully trained and supervised neonatal nurse clinicians provides a consistent level of care that does not vary between night and day or day of the week. PMID- 3919566 TI - Prevention of bacterial endocarditis. A statement for health professionals by the Committee on Rheumatic Fever and Bacterial Endocarditis of the Council on Cardiovascular Diseases in the Young of the American Heart Association. PMID- 3919567 TI - Feeding resistance after parenteral hyperalimentation. AB - Infants requiring prolonged hyperalimentation for a variety of conditions may experience difficulty in establishing oral feedings. Indeed, active resistance to oral feeding is often observed. We describe an infant who was deprived of normal oral feedings for the first ten months of life. Because subsequent feeding resistance was apparently due to behavioral and developmental factors, we suggest that the approach to such cases should involve particular attention to these areas. The child development literature and our surgical experience with esophageal atresia give supporting evidence. PMID- 3919568 TI - Psychosis and seizures following the injection of penicillin G procaine. Hoigne's syndrome. AB - Psychosis and/or seizures following the administration of intramuscular penicillin G procaine have not been reported in the pediatric literature to our knowledge. This omission is regrettable in light of the frequency with which this treatment is indicated as therapy for gonococcal infections. We report clinical data from four patients afflicted by this reaction known as Hoigne's syndrome. The dramatic and unexpected manifestation of this condition calls for an immediate diagnosis to proceed with the appropriate treatment. PMID- 3919569 TI - Necrotizing entercolitis. Variables associated with the severity of disease. AB - The medical records of 51 inborn infants with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) were studied to determine factors that may contribute to the severity of NEC. In contrast to infants requiring only medical intervention, those with severe disease requiring a surgical procedure were less likely to have a history of a symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus (14% v 45%); they also required fewer days of antibiotic therapy (three v five) and fewer days of endotracheal intubation (0.5 v three). They were fed earlier (two days v four days). The diagnosis was made at a younger age in infants needing surgery (6.5 days v 14 days). These data indicate that infants with minimal neonatal morbidity may be at risk for severe NEC, which results in bowel necrosis. PMID- 3919570 TI - Failure of delayed oral feedings to prevent necrotizing enterocolitis. Results of study in very-low-birth-weight neonates. AB - To test the hypothesis that delayed oral feedings would lower the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in neonates weighing less than 1,500 g at birth, we compared the incidence of NEC in two matched groups of newborns. High-risk neonates were selected from 160 consecutive admissions, based on a cumulative risk scoring of their illness during the first three days of life. One group (N = 20) was given no oral feedings for two weeks, receiving nutrition parenterally, while the other (N = 18) was given incremental enteric feedings of dilute infant formula or breast milk during the first two weeks of life. The overall incidence of NEC in the parenterally fed group was 60% (12/20) compared with 22% (4/18) in the early-oral-feeding group. These data show that withholding oral feedings for two weeks postnatally does not lower the incidence of NEC and in fact may promote its occurrence. PMID- 3919571 TI - Aplastic anemia occurring as amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia with and without an inhibitor of granulopoiesis. AB - Two patients with aplastic anemia evolving from cellular bone marrows with severely diminished megakaryocytes are reported. During this evolution a plasma inhibitor of in vitro granulocyte-macrophage colony formation was demonstrated associated with non-A, non-B hepatitis in one patient. The second patient had abnormal liver function that corrected after the delivery of a normal newborn but there was persistence of pancytopenia without evidence of a plasma inhibitor. PMID- 3919572 TI - Replacement therapy in platelet-type von Willebrand disease. AB - The response to infusions of cryoprecipitate and factor VIII concentrate was studied in a patient with platelet-type von Willebrand disease (vWD) who showed lack of the large multimers of von Willebrand factor in plasma, increased platelet aggregation with low concentrations of ristocetin, and in vitro platelet aggregation by normal plasma. The cryoprecipitate and factor VIII concentrate to be infused induced platelet aggregation when added to patient platelet-rich plasma at concentrations higher than 0.86 U/ml and 3 U/ml of factor VIII-related antigen (VIIIR:Ag), respectively. Administration of cryoprecipitate (41.9 U VIIIR:Ag/kg body weight) was followed by a shortening of the bleeding time, and hemostasis was achieved during tooth extractions. Factor VIII concentrate (70.2 U VIIIR:Ag/kg) failed to correct the prolonged bleeding time and proved ineffective to control the gum bleeding. No significant diminution of the platelet count was observed following any infusion. These results indicate that cryoprecipitate is hemostatically effective and safe when infused in such a dosage, but factor VIII concentrate is not effective in platelet-type vWD in analogy to what is observed in various types of vWD. PMID- 3919573 TI - Influence of lisuride, a dopaminergic agonist, on the sexual function of male patients with chronic renal failure. AB - The effects of Lisuride, a dopaminergic agonist, on the levels of plasma prolactin (PRL), testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and on the variations of libido and coital frequency of patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) have been investigated in a group of 20 male patients (ten normoprolactinemic and ten hyperprolactinemic). Ten patients were included in a hemodialysis program and another ten received conservation therapy (all had creatinine clearance rates below 15 mL/min). The response of PRL to TRH administration and that of LH and FSH to LH-RH administration have also been studied. Low levels of plasma testosterone found initially in all the patients, increased in both normoprolactinemic (P less than 0.05) and hyperprolactinemic patients (P less than 0.01) during Lisuride administration. PRL decreased (P less than 0.01) in both groups during therapy. The increase of plasma testosterone was greater in hyperprolactinemic patients (86% v 15% in normoprolactinemic) and was accompanied by a clear improvement in the studied parameters of sexual behaviors. The response of PRL to TRH was modified in hyperprolactinemic patients while that of LH and FSH to LH-RH was not modified, although Lisuride induced an increase of the basal value of LH (P less than 0.01) in the hyperprolactinemic group. The drug was fairly well tolerated, did not induce hypotension, and the overall incidence of side effects decreased along the study. These results stress the need for further studies with this agent in patients with chronic renal failure and sexual dysfunction. PMID- 3919574 TI - Dialysis-induced hypoxemia: membrane dependent and membrane independent causes. AB - Hypoxemia during hemodialysis may result from several differing processes. We initially studied patients undergoing standard acetate hemodialysis. At 15 minutes of dialysis, leukopenia (primarily neutropenia), a decline of platelet count, and hypoxemia occurred, but without a significant change in mean minute ventilation. Complement activation (V/A ratios of C5a greater than 1.0) persisted throughout dialysis. Leukocyte count returned to baseline by one hour. To separate the effects of solute and/or gas fluxes from those of blood-membrane interaction we studied changes in Po2, WBC, C5a, TxB2, and PGI2 during a period of blood membrane interaction without dialysis, and during subsequent acetate dialysis. Patients were studied with both polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and cuprophan membranes containing different priming solutions during membrane contact alone. Despite leukopenia and complement activation, hypoxemia failed to occur during membrane contact alone. At 15 minutes of subsequent acetate dialysis, significant hypoxemia occurred with both membranes. However, the degree of hypoxemia was twice as great with a cuprophan membrane primed with acetate (18.6 +/- 3.3 mm Hg) compared with air or bicarbonate (9.1 +/- 1.4 and 7.0 +/- 2.0 mm Hg, respectively), or compared with PAN (8 +/- 2.8 mm Hg). Changes in thromboxane B2, PGI2, and C5a did not correlate with changes in Po2. We conclude that there are two major components to dialysis related hypoxemia. One is membrane independent, and may relate to the metabolic effects of acetate or to dialyzer CO2 loss. The remaining portion is membrane dependent, occurring with cuprophan, but not with PAN, and is conditioned by an acetate dependent interaction between blood and membrane. PMID- 3919575 TI - Factor VIII and factor IX in a twin population. Evidence for a major effect of ABO locus on factor VIII level. AB - In order to establish the relative importance of genetic factors on the variation in plasma concentration of coagulation factors VIII and IX, these parameters were determined in 74 monozygotic and 84 like-sexed dizygotic twin pairs. The twins belonged to two age groups: 33-39 years and 57-62 years. Factor VIII was determined as factor VIII coagulant antigen (VIIICAg) and as factor VIII-related antigen (VIIIRAg). Factor IX was determined as factor IX antigen (IXAg). A higher value for each coagulation factor was found in the older-age group compared to the younger group, whereas no difference was found between the sexes. A significant correlation was found between values for VIIIRAg and VIIICAg (r = .56). For VIIICAg, it could be demonstrated that the age effect was secondary to the age effect on VIIIRAg. The concentration of VIIICAg and VIIIRAg varied among ABO blood types, being lowest in type O individuals, higher in A2 individuals, and highest in A1 and B individuals. The effect of the ABO locus on VIIICAg was secondary to an effect on VIIIRAg. Analysis of variance revealed a significant genetic influence on the variance of VIIICAg and VIIIRAg with a heritability estimate of .57 for VIIICAg and .66 for VIIIRAg. This is in agreement with a previous hypothesis of an effect of several autosomal genes on factor VIII concentration. Thirty percent of the genetic variance of VIIIRAg was due to the effect of ABO blood type. The ABO locus is therefore a major locus for the determination of factor VIII concentration. No significant genetic effect on the variation in plasma concentration of IXAg could be detected. PMID- 3919576 TI - Stability of nitroglycerin and dobutamine in 5% dextrose and 0.9% sodium chloride injection. PMID- 3919577 TI - Compatibility of total nutrient admixtures and secondary antibiotic infusions. PMID- 3919578 TI - Decision analysis applied to pharmacy practice. AB - The use of decision analysis is discussed as it relates to pharmacy practice. Decision analysis is a valuable approach to selecting a choice from among several uncertain alternatives. It encourages the practitioner to define his views explicitly and weigh the merits of each alternative. The decision maker lists the choices or options to be considered. These choices are incorporated into a decision tree with their probability of occurrence and the relative worth of each potential outcome (utility) to the concerned party. A limitation of the method is that utility values and probabilities are often estimated on the basis of the decision makers' biases. Examples of applying decision analysis to clinical and administrative choices in pharmacy practice are presented. PMID- 3919579 TI - Prospective randomized trial of antibiotic prophylaxis in acute leukemia. AB - Patients undergoing initial remission induction chemotherapy for acute leukemia in a protected environment unit were randomly assigned to parenteral antibiotic prophylaxis or oral and parenteral antibiotic prophylaxis. Complete remissions were obtained in 82 percent of the 45 patients receiving oral and parenteral antibiotic prophylaxis and 76 percent of the 41 patients receiving parenteral antibiotic prophylaxis. Approximately 20 percent of the patients in both groups have had a continuous complete remission for more than five years. The episodes of fever of unknown origin and major infection were significantly more common in patients receiving parenteral antibiotic prophylaxis, although the episodes of local infection were similar in both groups. The duration of remission and survival was similar in both groups. Hence, the oral and parenteral antibiotic regimen was more effective for infection prophylaxis, but had no effect on response to antileukemic chemotherapy. PMID- 3919580 TI - Pure red cell aplasia characterized by erythropoietic maturation arrest. Response to anti-thymocyte globulin. AB - Pure red cell aplasia is a syndrome characterized by markedly decreased erythropoiesis. On bone marrow examination, there are typically less than 0.5 percent erythroblasts, but sometimes a picture of maturation arrest can be seen. This report describes a patient with maturation arrest of erythropoiesis at the basophilic normoblast stage who had a response to an eight-day course of anti thymocyte globulin with a return of normal erythropoiesis. PMID- 3919581 TI - Diamond-Blackfan syndrome in adult patients. AB - Two adults with pure red cell aplasia are described. No extrinsic etiologic mechanisms were identified. Evidence of anemia was long-standing and varied in severity. Musculoskeletal abnormalities (webbed neck, Sprengel's and Klippel-Feil deformities, and hand abnormalities) were similar to those seen in the congenital form of red cell aplasia (Diamond-Blackfan syndrome). As in the congenital variety, adrenal cortical steroids resulted in hematologic repair. These observations suggest that congenital (Diamond-Blackfan) pure red cell aplasia may be first recognized in adulthood and that steroids provide a potential therapeutic modality. PMID- 3919582 TI - Calcium requirement for the lymphokine and vitamin D mediated differentiation of monoblastic U937 cells. AB - The monocyte-osteoclast hypothesis states that osteoclasts are derived from the differentiation of monocytes. Recently we reported that the U937 cell line, a monoblastic cell of human origin, differentiated to an osteoclast precursor when cultured in the presence of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) and lymphokines. Using this model of monocytic differentiation we have tested the role of calcium (Ca) in the culture medium by the addition of CaCl2 in the presence or absence of EGTA, a chelating agent, on the growth and differentiation of the U937 cells. Increasing the Ca concentration ([Ca]) to 2.0 mM inhibited the differentiation of resting or 1,25(OH)2D3 exposed cells, but had no effect on the cells exposed to lymphokines or lymphokines and 1,25 (OH)2D3. Reducing the [Ca] to 10(-7) M inhibited differentiation but also reduced cell viability. Addition of CaCl2 to medium containing EGTA to produce [Ca] in the range of 10(-5) M to 10(-3) M restored the cellular growth and viability. Inhibition of differentiation associated with the reduced calcium concentration over the range of 10(-5) M to 10(-3) M was not due to growth inhibition. These findings show the importance of the extracellular [Ca] in an in vitro model of monocytic differentiation induced by vitamin D and lymphokines. PMID- 3919583 TI - Dup(3)(p2----pter) in two families, including one infant with cyclopia. AB - We report on 2 unrelated cases of duplication of distal 3p due to balanced maternal translocation t(3;6)(p23;q27) and t(2;3)(p25;p23) respectively. One family was ascertained through the unbalanced offspring and the other through echographic examination of the balanced carrier mother. These cases confirm that dup(3)(p2----pter) results in a characteristic syndrome with distinctive facial appearance. In family 2 inspection of a photograph of a deceased sib was sufficient to conclude that he was affected. The patient in family 2 had cyclopia. Since holoprosencephaly was also reported by Martin and Steinberg [1983], we conclude that this anomaly appears to be a sign of the syndrome. The duplication usually derives from a maternal balanced translocation, in most cases from adjacent-1 segregation. However, family 2 was ascertained through a balanced female carrier who inherited the translocation from the father. We have noted that the second chromosome (which varies without apparent preferences) involved in these translocations is broken consistently at a distal band. PMID- 3919584 TI - Nutritional status of patients with untreated cervical cancer. I. Biochemical and immunologic assessment. AB - A prospective nutritional evaluation of 78 patients with untreated cervical cancer was undertaken. Stage-related abnormal anthropometric measurements were present in 60% of patients. Abnormal biochemical nutritional measurements were found in 67% of patients. Thirty percent of these patients were anergic to usual skin test antigens. The overall incidence of protein-calorie malnutrition was 12.5%; however, the risk was stage-related. Measured parameters were usually adversely affected following a surgical procedure. Although surgical complications were few, the implications of these findings as to the appropriate method and timing of nutritional assessment as well as the possible benefit from nutritional support in malnourished patients with cervical cancer are discussed. PMID- 3919585 TI - Nutritional status of patients with untreated cervical cancer. II. Vitamin assessment. AB - Prospective vitamin assessment was undertaken in 78 patients with untreated cancer of the uterine cervix. At least one abnormal vitamin level was present in 67% of patients while individual levels were abnormal in as many as 38% of patients. Significantly lowered levels of plasma folate, vitamin A, and vitamin C were present. Although most of these vitamins did not correlate with other parameters of protein-calorie malnutrition, the possible preventative and treatment effects of these vitamins require additional investigation. PMID- 3919586 TI - Induction of ovulation with purified urinary follicle-stimulating hormone in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome. AB - Purified urinary follicle-stimulating hormone was used to induce ovulation in 18 patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome. Each ampule contained 75 IU of follicle-stimulating hormone and less than 0.11 IU of luteinizing hormone. Initial doses were 150 to 225 IU/day, later increased to a maximum of 375 IU, according to daily clinical controls and estradiol values. After 12 to 16 days, follicle-stimulating hormone treatment was suspended. Within 36 to 48 hours each patient received 5000 or 10,000 IU of human chorionic gonadotropin, rarely more. Ovulation occurred in 39 of 43 treatment cycles and hyperstimulation in nine. Seven patients had normal pregnancies with viable fetuses, including one pair of twins. Two had abortions. Analysis of the endocrine situation during therapy does not permit either pregnancy or hyperstimulation to be predicted. However, hyperstimulation is frequently accompanied by endogenous luteinizing hormone peaks and greater estradiol increases during the final phase of induction. Purified follicle-stimulating hormone has thus demonstrated its validity in inducing ovulation in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome, apparently with equal or lower risks of hyperstimulation than with other gonadotropin preparations. PMID- 3919587 TI - Umbilical cord pH, PCO2, and bicarbonate following uncomplicated term vaginal deliveries. AB - Normal values for umbilical arterial and venous pH, PCO2, PO2, and bicarbonate must be known before these parameters can be used for assistance in clinical decisions. We evaluated the cord blood from 146 infants born after uncomplicated labor and vaginal deliveries at 37 to 42 weeks' gestation. All infants had a normal baseline fetal heart rate and normal beat-to-beat variability for at least 10 minutes preceding expulsion. The cord blood of infants born to women with pregnancy complications such as diabetes mellitus, preeclampsia, twins, meconium stained amniotic fluid, or fetal growth retardation was not included. Mean umbilical arterial values +/- 1 SD for the parameters studied were: pH, 7.28 +/- 0.05; PCO2, 49.2 +/- 8.4 mm Hg; PO2, 18.0 +/- 6.2 mm Hg; bicarbonate, 22.3 +/- 2.5 mEq/L. Umbilical venous values were: pH, 7.35 +/- 0.05; PCO2, 38.2 +/- 5.6 mm Hg; PO2, 29.2 +/- 5.9 mm Hg; bicarbonate, 20.4 +/- 4.1 mEq/L. PMID- 3919588 TI - Trifluridine-associated conjunctival cicatrization. PMID- 3919589 TI - Neurofibromatosis of the choroid. PMID- 3919590 TI - A time study of staff and student activities in a level II fieldwork program. AB - A study was conducted to determine the cost and benefits of the occupational therapy Level II fieldwork program at University of Michigan Hospitals in order to complete annual contractual agreements between academic and clinical education agencies. A tally sheet consisting of 34 tasks was used by all staff members (therapists, assistants, and clerical support personnel) to record time spent daily on the student program (cost). Students recorded independent treatment provided (benefit). The cost and benefit of the program was equated to a full time equivalent staff position. Results showed the following: the time staff devoted to the student program was equivalent to 1.33 of a full-time employee's workload and the treatments provided by students were equivalent to 1.35 of an employee's production. The findings of this study support the accepted assumption that the cost of a clinical program for occupational therapy students is at least balanced by the benefits derived from student production. However, the quality of student efforts may be less than that of staff efforts. PMID- 3919591 TI - Functional morphology of the asterionic region in extant hominoids and fossil hominids. AB - Asterionic sutural patterns in Plio-Pleistocene hominid crania have never been examined in detail. We present an analysis of this anatomical region in Australopithecus and Homo and relate different sutural patterns to functional changes in the masticatory apparatus. The great apes and A. afarensis share the common adult higher primate sutural pattern referred to as the "asterionic notch," which develops in response to the hypertrophy of posterior temporalis muscle fibers and the consequent formation of compound temporal/nuchal crests. This sutural configuration also appears to be present on the early Homo cranium KNM-ER 1805. In contrast, adult male A. boisei crania exhibit a unique pattern where the temporal squama overlaps the parietal which, in turn, overlaps the par mastoidea and the upper scale of the occipital bone. We relate this arrangement to the need to reinforce the rear of a thin-walled braincase against the net tensile forces exerted by the temporalis and nuchal muscles. The common juvenile hominoid edge-to-edge asterionic articulation is maintained in adult A. africanus, A. robustus, female A. boisei, and most Homo crania. We discuss the latter pattern in regard to anterior temporalis hypertrophy in A. africanus, A. robustus, and A. boisei and to craniofacial paedomorphosis in Homo. PMID- 3919592 TI - Effects of acidosis on rat muscle metabolism and performance during heavy exercise. AB - The metabolism and performance of a perfused rat hindquarter preparation was examined during heavy exercise in three conditions: control (C), metabolic acidosis (MA, decreased bicarbonate concentration), and respiratory acidosis (RA, increased CO2 tension). A one-pass system was used to perfuse the hindquarters for 30 min at rest and 20 min during tetanic stimulation via the sciatic nerve. The isometric tension generated by the gastrocnemius-plantaris-soleus muscle group was recorded, and biopsies were taken pre- and postperfusion. Initial isometric tensions were similar in all conditions, but the rate of tension decay was largest in acidosis; the 5-min tensions for C, MA, and RA were 1,835 +/- 63, 1,534 +/- 63, and 1,434 +/- 73 g, respectively. O2 uptake in C was greater than in MA and RA (23.4 +/- 1.3 vs. 17.0 +/- 1.4 and 16.5 +/- 2.3 mumol X min-1), paralleling the tension findings. Hindquarter lactate release was greatest in C, least in MA, and intermediate in RA. Acidosis resulted in less muscle glycogen utilization and lactate accumulation than during control. Muscle creatine phosphate utilization and ATP levels were unaffected by acidosis. Acidosis decreased the muscle's ability to generate isometric tension and depressed both aerobic and anaerobic metabolism. During stimulation in this model lactate left the muscle mainly as a function of the production rate, although a low plasma bicarbonate concentration at pH 7.15 depressed muscle lactate release. PMID- 3919593 TI - Lectin-gold cytochemistry reveals intercalated cell heterogeneity along rat kidney collecting ducts. AB - The lectin-gold technique was used to detect Helix pomatia and Dolichos biflorus lectin binding sites directly on semithin and thin sections of rat kidney collecting ducts. Intercalated cell apical plasma membranes and the membranes of apical cytoplasmic vesicles were heavily labeled in the cortex and outer stripe of the outer medulla but were negative or very weakly labeled in the inner stripe and inner medulla. In contrast, clear cell apical membranes were labeled along the entire length of the collecting duct. Double labeling of semithin cryostat sections with a specific antibody and lectin-gold complexes was used to demonstrate that the intercalated cells in all regions studied contained carbonic anhydrase, even though the lectin binding differed. These results indicate that, in terms of their glycocalyx composition, intercalated cells represent a heterogeneous population in different regions of the collecting duct. PMID- 3919594 TI - [3H]GDP binding and thermogenin amount in brown adipose tissue mitochondria from cold-exposed rats. AB - Brown fat mitochondria were isolated from cold-exposed and control rats, and their content of the brown-fat-specific 32-kDa "uncoupling" protein thermogenin determined both by the traditional [3H]GDP-binding method and by the recently developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In mitochondria isolated from both cold-acclimated (3 wk at 4 degrees C) and cold-exposed rats (24 h), an increase in thermogenin content was observable, both when estimated by the [3H]GDP-binding method and by the ELISA assay, and there was no statistically significant difference in the magnitude of these increases in the two methods. In 1 h cold-exposed rats there was no increase in [3H]GDP binding or in the ELISA reaction. When the amount of thermogenin was plotted against [3H]GDP binding in the different states, a relationship of 75,000 g thermogenin per mole GDP bound was obtained. Based on the resolution of these two methods, and under the three conditions investigated, it was concluded that there was no reason to postulate the existence of a "masked" form of thermogenin or of an "unmasking" process and that thermogenin in the mitochondria, as in the isolated state, has apparently one GDP binding site per dimer. PMID- 3919595 TI - Thermic effect of food after ingested versus tube-delivered meals. AB - We compared, in six subjects, the thermic effect of food (TEF) after the ingestion of a test meal with that observed after the delivery of an equivalent test meal directly into the stomach through a nasogastric tube. TEF was measured after each test meal (i.e., ingested or tube delivered) until postprandial metabolic rate was not different from fasting metabolic rate (as measured at approximately the same time of day on a previous day). TEF after the tube delivered meal was not significantly different in magnitude or duration from TEF after the ingested meal. The two types of meals also resulted in similar changes in respiratory quotient. These results suggest that the majority of TEF arises after the food reaches the stomach and that very little of TEF is produced by sensory factors or by the mechanical aspects of eating. PMID- 3919596 TI - A distributed model of peritoneal-plasma transport: tissue concentration gradients. AB - Peritoneal dialysis transport studies were carried out in anesthetized rats. Injections of [14C]EDTA were made by intravenous bolus or intraperitoneal dialysis solution, and blood and peritoneal fluid samples were collected for 1 h. After death and rapid freezing of the animal, transverse sections through the abdominal cavity were cut for quantitative macroautoradiography. The plasma-to peritoneal transport experiments with a clinical dialysis solution resulted in essentially horizontal concentration profiles versus distance in all tissues except large intestine. Estimates of the extracellular tissue fraction were: small intestine, 0.34; large intestine, 0.28; stomach, 0.30; uterus, 0.66; liver 0.35; diaphragm, 0.16; and anterior abdominal wall, 0.15. Similar experiments with an isotonic salt solution resulted in larger (13-300%) extracellular fractions in all tissues. In contrast, peritoneal-to-plasma transport studies demonstrated decreasing concentration profiles in all visceral tissues, with the first 90% of the gradient contained in the initial 400 micron of tissue from the peritoneum. Parietal tissue gradients were less steep and had higher concentration levels deep within the tissue than visceral tissues. Computer simulations using a distributed model approach compared favorably with the experimental measurements and established the validity of this approach. PMID- 3919597 TI - Yield of routine annual laboratory screening in the institutionalized elderly. AB - We examined the yield of a battery of 19 screening laboratory tests performed routinely in 70 functionally intact patients, averaging 82.6 years of age and residing at a chronic care facility. The 70 patients underwent 3,903 screening tests (70 admission batteries and 156 batteries at annual intervals). Twenty per cent of the admission test results and 17 per cent of all subsequent annual test results were "abnormal". "New abnormal" results (previously unknown to the responsible physicians) occurred primarily in five of the 19 screening tests; they were found in 13 per cent of all admission screening tests and in 6 per cent of all annual tests. However, many of the "new abnormalities" were only minimally outside the normal range, and only 26 (0.7 per cent) led to further diagnostic evaluation. Of these 26, only four (0.1 per cent of all tests ordered) led to changes in patient management, none of which benefited the patient in an important way. PMID- 3919598 TI - Human and sylvatic Trypanosoma cruzi infection in California. AB - In August 1982, a 56-year-old woman from Lake Don Pedro, California, developed acute Chagas' disease (American trypanosomiasis). She had not traveled to areas outside the United States with endemic Chagas' disease, she had never received blood transfusions, and she did not use intravenous drugs. Trypanosoma cruzi cultured from the patient's blood had isoenzyme patterns and growth characteristics similar to T. cruzi belonging to zymodeme Z1. Triatoma protracta (a vector of Trypanosoma cruzi) infected with T. cruzi were found near the patient's home, a trypanosome resembling T. cruzi was cultured from the blood of two of 19 ground squirrels (Spermophilus beecheyi), and six of 10 dogs had antibody to T. cruzi. A serosurvey of three groups of California residents revealed antibody to T. cruzi by complement fixation in six of 237 (2.5 per cent) individuals living near the patient and in 12 of 1,706 (0.7 per cent) individuals living in a community 20 miles northeast of the patient's home, but in only one of 637 (0.2 per cent) blood donors from the San Francisco Bay area. This is the first case of indigenously acquired Chagas' disease reported from California and the first case recognized in the United States since 1955. This investigation suggests that transmission of sylvatic Trypanosoma cruzi infection to humans occurs in California but that Chagas' disease in humans is rare. PMID- 3919599 TI - Lymphatic invasion in Spitz nevi. AB - Forty-nine Spitz nevi occurring in children were reviewed and sampled extensively in order to assess the incidence of vascular invasion. Evidence of vascular invasion was found in seven (14.3%) cases. The endothelium of such vessels was negative on immunoperoxidase staining for Factor VIII-related antigen suggesting the nevus cells to be in lymphatic channels and not blood vessels. No unusual histological or clinical features characterized the group. All patients are alive and well some years after local excision therapy. It is concluded that lymphatic invasion by nevus cells in Spitz nevi is not uncommon and its presence should not tempt the pathologist into a diagnosis of melanoma. PMID- 3919600 TI - Prolonged enteral nutrition in malnourished patients with nonelemental feeding. Reappraisal of surgical technique, safety, and costs. AB - In a 2 year period, 60 consecutive feeding enterostomies were placed in malnourished patients. The major complication rate was 1.6 percent. Total complications were 8 percent. Thirty day mortality was 13 percent. Nearly all patients were given isosmotic nonelemental diets. The incidence of diarrhea was 2 percent with this regimen. Four of five patients given elemental diets had diarrhea. Serum albumin levels increased significantly from a preoperative mean of 2.75 to 3.03 g/dl. Best overall results were achieved in patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal surgery or pancreatobilary procedures for nonmalignant lesions. More than $60,000 was saved in 2 years by substituting isosmotic formulas for elemental ones. It appears that many patients are given elemental formulas who do not actually require them. Since isosmotic solutions will not infuse through needle catheters, we advocate placing 12 F. catheters and have documented the safety of this change. By using these larger catheters, the surgeon will not lose the option of using isosmotic preparations. We have shown these preparations to be nutritionally effective with a marked lessening of diarrhea and a cost approximately a sixth of that of elemental products. PMID- 3919601 TI - Bypass or amputation? Concomitant review of bypass arterial grafting and major amputations. AB - In this survey, the results of arterial bypass grafting procedures for occlusive disease and after major amputations have been reported. The two series have been evaluated separately and then some comparisons have been made. The bypass graft series covered risk, mortality, and patency of grafts, including patency at 1 year. The amputation series covered risk, mortality, and effect of previous bypass on the level of amputation, and the ability to ambulate. PMID- 3919602 TI - Hospital planning for profit. The importance of measuring severity of illness. PMID- 3919603 TI - Immunogenetic studies of respiratory anaphylaxis in selectively bred guinea pigs. Inheritance of atopy, linkage to MHC-complex. AB - The genetic and immunological basis of respiratory anaphylaxis was studied in two strains of guinea pigs selectively bred for either high or low respiratory anaphylactic response to inhalation of ovalbumin. Individuals of the parental strains, F1-hybrids and backcross offspring were examined for class II MHC type and asthmatic response to ovalbumin. Analysis of the results revealed an association of asthma phenotype and MHC class II type. Apart from the gene(s) in the MHC several other genes seem to be involved in the control of guinea pig asthma. PMID- 3919604 TI - Treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis with budesonide and disodium cromoglycate. A double-blind clinical comparison between budesonide and disodium cromoglycate. AB - The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and side effects of budesonide and disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) in seasonal allergic rhinitis. In a double blind, double-dummy comparative study, 43 patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis were either treated with budesonide (200 micrograms b.d.) or DSCG (5.2 mg 5 times daily). After a 1 week run-in period treatment was given for 3 weeks. The patient scorings for nasal secretion, nasal itching, sneezing bouts and total nasal symptoms were significantly different between the treatment groups during the whole treatment period. The scorings for nasal blockage were significantly different during the last 2 weeks of treatment. All differences were in favour of budesonide treatment. The patients' assessment of the treatment favoured budesonide (P less than 0.02). Side effects were few and mild, but one patient from the budesonide group stopped treatment because of headache. PMID- 3919605 TI - A new co-axial breathing system. A combination of the benefits of Mapleson A, D and E systems. AB - A new, simple, versatile co-axial breathing system combining the features of Mapleson A, D and E type systems is described. The change from an A system to a D/E system is effected by a single switch and without reversal of the gas flow. Fresh gas flows in the order of 70 ml/kg/min are required for both spontaneous ventilation in the Mapleson A mode and controlled ventilation in the Mapleson D mode. The co-axial configuration offers the advantages of a single, lightweight breathing system with easy scavenging of anaesthetic gases, while the ability to switch between the A and D or E configurations offers the economic advantages of low fresh gas flows and the need for a single anaesthetic breathing system for all situations. PMID- 3919606 TI - Disposable double-lumen tubes. A cost-effectiveness survey. AB - The use of red rubber double-lumen-bronchial tubes was studied in the Regional Cardiothoracic Centre and three large District General Hospitals to assess whether the use of disposable polyvinylchloride tubes was a viable cost-effective alternative. In the Regional Cardiothoracic Centre red rubber tubes were used frequently throughout their predicted lifespan and were cost effective. In the district hospitals red rubber tubes were unlikely to be used sufficiently to justify their cost. Many district general hospitals could reduce capital expenditure and annual costs by changing from red rubber to disposable polyvinyl chloride double lumen tubes. PMID- 3919607 TI - [Tramadol infusion anesthesia with the substitution of enflurane and various nitrous oxide concentrations]. AB - The synthetic opioid tramadol was given to 40 patients during surgery according to a fixed, calculated infusion scheme. Anesthesia was started with thiopental and the patients were given different nitrous oxide concentrations via a semi open system (group 1: 60%, group 2: 75%). The aim of this study was to clarify whether this anaesthetic procedure is practicable or whether it has grave disadvantages in comparison with the anesthesia models used so far. Furthermore we wanted to clarify whether under this infusion scheme the proportion of N2O in the inspiratory mixture is sufficient or whether higher concentrations are required. In 24 of 40 patients analgesia or the depth of anaesthesia was insufficient so that additional enflurane application was necessary. Postoperative respiratory depression in three patients had to be treated with naloxone. The advantages of this procedure are the safe and easy practicability, absence of significant changes in the haemodynamic parameters, good postoperative response of the patients and postoperative pain relief as well as the low incidence of postoperative side effects such as nausea, vomiting and CO2 retention. PMID- 3919608 TI - [Alfentanil for neuroleptanesthesia in short operations]. AB - Alfentanil, a potent short acting analgetic, is used for short operations instead of fentanyl as a neurolept anaesthesia agent. The action of this form of anaesthesia is described. As initial dose of alfentanil we used 25 micrograms/kg b.w. The total dose of alfentanil for operations of about 30 min on average was 40 micrograms/kg b.w. Blood pressure, heart rate and side effects of this form of anaesthesia have been investigated. PMID- 3919609 TI - [Alfentanil in routine clinical use. A study of 50 patients]. AB - Alfentanil in combination with etomidate and N2O/O2 was given to 50 patients as single dosage (0.024 mg/kg b.w.) or with repeated injections for surgical interventions up to 90 minutes duration. In 68% of these cases sufficient analgesia was obtained. The most frequent side-effects were rigidity of the thorax (54%), quick, extensive changes in blood pressure (32%) and bradycardia (28%). The recovery phase was very short, postoperative sickness and vomiting were seen in 6% of all cases. Still, after repeated injections phases with prolonged sleep can appear. While using Alfentanil, exact monitoring is necessary, as quick and unexpected changes of blood pressure and pulse can appear. PMID- 3919610 TI - [Avoidance of hypoxemia during anesthesia]. PMID- 3919611 TI - A double blind comparison of alfentanil and fentanyl. AB - Alfentanil and fentanyl were compared as supplements to thiopentone, nitrous oxide, relaxant anaesthesia in a randomised, double blind trial carried out on 55 adult patients undergoing elective surgery. The fentanyl-treated patients resumed spontaneous ventilation more rapidly at the end of anaesthesia (3 minutes) than the alfentanil-treated group (5.1 minutes, p less than 0.02). In other respects the drugs appeared indistinguishable. A computer model is used to explain why, despite the shorter elimination half-life, the alfentanil-treated patients did not awaken more rapidly than those in the fentanyl group. PMID- 3919612 TI - Lipid solubility, pharmacokinetics, and the EEG: are you better off today than you were four years ago? PMID- 3919613 TI - EEG quantitation of narcotic effect: the comparative pharmacodynamics of fentanyl and alfentanil. AB - Fentanyl and alfentanil produce very similar electroencephalographic (EEG) changes in humans. With increasing serum concentrations of either narcotic, progressive slowing in frequency occurs. This narcotic effect on the brain was quantitated using off-line EEG power spectrum analysis. During EEG recording, six unpremedicated patients received a fentanyl infusion (150 micrograms/min), and six received alfentanil (1,500 micrograms/min) until a specific level of EEG depression (delta waves) occurred. Timed arterial blood samples were obtained for measurement of the narcotic serum concentrations. The narcotic-induced EEG changes were found to lag behind (in time) the serum narcotic concentration changes. To accurately relate EEG changes to serum narcotic concentrations, a pharmacodynamic model (inhibitory sigmoid Emax) was combined with a pharmacokinetic model that incorporated an "effect" compartment. (The effect compartment is the separate pharmacokinetic compartment where drug effect is directly proportional to drug concentration. It is the effect site.) The magnitude of the time lag was quantitated by the half-time of equilibration between serum narcotic concentrations and concentrations in the effect compartment. With fentanyl a significantly greater time lag was present (half time = 6.4 +/- 1.3 min; mean +/- SD) than with alfentanil (half-time = 1.1 +/- 0.3 min). This difference in time lag between blood concentration and effect may be due to the larger brain-blood partition coefficient for fentanyl. The steady state serum concentration that caused one-half of the maximal EEG slowing was 6.9 +/- 1.5 ng/ml for fentanyl, compared with 520 +/- 163 ng/ml for alfentanil.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3919614 TI - The response of the feline cerebral circulation to PaCO2 during anesthesia with isoflurane and halothane and during sedation with nitrous oxide. AB - The reduction in cerebral blood flow (CBF) caused by hypocapnia is an important element of neuroanesthetic techniques. While it has been demonstrated previously that the CO2 response of the cerebral circulation (CO2 X R) is enhanced (i.e., greater delta CBF/delta PaCO2) during halothane administration, the effect of isoflurane on CO2 X R has not been evaluated completely. Accordingly, the authors examined CO2 X R in cats during anesthesia with 1.0 MAC isoflurane (with 75% N2O) and compared it with CO2 X R during anesthesia with 1.0 MAC halothane (with 75% N2O) and with CO2 X R during the administration of 75% N2O alone. CO2 X R during anesthesia with isoflurane-N2O was enhanced relative to that observed during administration of both halothane-N2O (P less than 0.025) and N2O alone (P less than .001). CO2 X R during anesthesia with halothane-N2O was, in turn, greater than that observed during the administration of N2O alone (P less than 0.025). Furthermore, at similar levels of hypocapnia (PaCO2 18-20 mmHg), CBF was significantly lower (P less than 0.01) during administration of isoflurane-N2O (29.0 +/- 4.5 ml X 100 g-1 X min-1) than during administration of either N2O (40.6 +/- 5.5 ml X 100 g-1 X min-1) or halothane-N2O (39.6 +/- 7.8 ml X 100 g-1 X min-1). CBF values during administration of the N2O alone and halothane-N2O were not different during hypocapnia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3919615 TI - Helium retards endotracheal tube fires from carbon dioxide lasers. AB - Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) endotracheal tube segments were exposed to a 5.0-W CO2 laser beam in the presence of different fractions of oxygen and either helium or nitrogen. Time from onset of exposure until ignition was recorded, and mean time to ignition (MTI) was calculated after 10 exposures with the same gas mixture. A second series was done with 40% oxygen in either nitrogen or helium and a laser intensity of 7.5, 10.0, or 12.5 W; a third with 40% oxygen, 60% helium, and 2% halothane and a 10.0-W laser beam; and a fourth with 40% oxygen and 60% helium and a 10.0-W laser beam directed at the radioopaque barium sulfate stripe on the tube. With 5.0-W and 20% oxygen in either nitrogen or helium, segments did not ignite. With concentrations of oxygen greater than 20% in nitrogen, segments ignited sooner than with comparable concentrations in helium: MTIHe = 55.6 s and MTIN2 = 27.6 s in 40% oxygen (P less than 0.05). Sixty per cent helium remained protective at laser intensities up to 10.0 W (MTIHe = 42.6 s vs. MTIN2 = 14.3 s) (P less than 0.05). However, at 12.5 W, MTIHe = 11.5 s and MTIN2 = 11.3 s. Two per cent halothane in 40% oxygen and 60% helium reduced MTIHe to 25.3 s compared with 42.3 s without halothane. With the laser directed at the barium stripe, MTIHe was 7.2 s and MTIN2 1.1 s.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3919616 TI - High-frequency small-volume ventilation in anesthetized humans. AB - Pulmonary gas exchange during conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV) (tidal volume 10 ml/kg, rate 8-10 breaths/min) was compared with that during high frequency small-volume ventilation (HFV) in 67 patients undergoing anesthesia for various surgical procedures. HFV was studied at oscillation frequencies ranging from 3 to 18 Hz with stroke volumes of 0.8 to 2.2 ml/kg. Adequate pulmonary gas exchange was achieved with CMV and HFV, and the efficiency of oxygenation, that is, (A-a)DO2, was similar in the two conditions. During HFV, the lung volume was higher than during CMV in most patients. Muscle paralysis did not significantly change either PaCO2 or PaO2. In general, increasing fresh gas flow into the HFV system above approximately 10 1/min resulted in little reduction in PaCO2, but reduction of fresh gas flow below approximately 6 1/min increased PaCO2 progressively. Currently, we do not recommend HFV at 12-18 Hz for routine use during anesthesia for orthopedic or abdominal surgery. PMID- 3919617 TI - MAC for halothane, enflurane, and isoflurane in the New Zealand white rabbit: and a test for the validity of MAC determinations. AB - MAC determinations for halothane, enflurane, and isoflurane were performed in New Zealand white rabbits (n = 8, approximate age 6 months). The MAC values (+/-SD) were as follows: halothane 1.39 +/- 0.23%, enflurane 2.86 +/- 0.18%, and isoflurane 2.05 +/- 0.18%. Comparison of these results with published MAC values for other species suggests that the ratio of the potencies for any pairing of these three agents is constant from species to species. This observation provides a means for assessing the validity of preexisting or newly determined MAC values. PMID- 3919618 TI - Oral cromolyn sodium in milk induced anaphylaxis. AB - The medical literature contains numerous references to the use of oral cromolyn sodium in gastrointestinal disturbances (abdominal pain, diarrhea, ulcerative colitis) and dermatologic illnesses (urticaria, infantile eczema, purpura). But there are few, if any, reports of anaphylactic reactions to foods which have been successfully controlled using oral cromolyn sodium. This paper reports the results of treatment with oral cromolyn in a 7-year-old child who had acute, severe anaphylaxis after ingestion of milk or foods containing milk. After 3 months of oral cromolyn therapy, the patient was able to tolerate small amounts of milk and moderate amounts of foods containing milk. PMID- 3919619 TI - Sodium cromoglycate-induced changes in the dose-response curve of inhaled methacholine in cystic fibrosis. AB - Fifteen patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) (aged 7 to 20 years, mean 12.3 years), all known to respond to a methacholine (MCh) challenge, had two MCh challenges preceded by an inhalation of normal saline on one occasion and sodium cromoglycate (SCG) on another. The variation in baseline FEV1 between the two days of the study was 10% or less in all patients. Four patients (27%) gained significant protection with SCG against this non-allergenic challenge and, in two patients, SCG completely blocked the effects of MCh. These results would support clinical studies of SCG in some patients with CF but not the widespread use of SCG in CF. PMID- 3919620 TI - The efficacy of cromolyn sodium in the treatment of childhood asthma. PMID- 3919621 TI - Use of naloxone during cardiac arrest and CPR: potential adjunct for postcountershock electrical-mechanical dissociation. AB - Naloxone has been shown to increase arterial pressure in hemorrhagic and septic shock. To determine if naloxone has salutary effects during cardiac arrest with conventional closed-chest cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), ten dogs were studied during 20 minutes of ventricular fibrillation (VF) and CPR and during a 30-minute postcountershock period. Central aortic (Ao) and right atrial (RA) systolic and end-diastolic (EDP) pressures, instantaneous Ao-RA pressure difference (coronary perfusion pressure), and electromagnetic Ao flow were measured. Ao and RA samples were analyzed during a control period and at five minute intervals during CPR for PO2, PCO2, and pH. During VF, a piston-cylinder device was used to perform anteroposterior sternal depressions and positive pressure ventilations (100% O2) at standard rates and ratios. After 15 minutes of CPR, animals were randomized and given either naloxone (5 mg/kg) or epinephrine (1 mg). Defibrillation was attempted five minutes later using 1 J/kg and then, if necessary, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 16 J/kg until VF was terminated or the maximum energy dose was reached. If VF persisted or if countershock resulted in asystole or a nonperfusing rhythm (electrical-mechanical dissociation [EMD]), the alternate drug (naloxone or epinephrine) was then given. Measured systolic pressures, coronary perfusion pressures, aortic flow, and blood gases were not significantly different during the control period or at five, ten, and 15 minutes of VF and CPR between animal groups prior to drug administration. When compared to hemodynamic values measured at 15 minutes, naloxone had no significant effect on pressures or aortic flow measured five minutes after administration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3919622 TI - Effect of heparin on arterial blood gases. AB - To evaluate changes in arterial blood gas samples caused by the addition of liquid heparin, 50 patients had three simultaneous blood samples drawn, each with one of three amounts of heparin. The liquid heparin decreased statistically the PCO2, PO2, HCO3, and base excess, while the pH remained unchanged. By using a 2 cc blood sample with a 5-cc glass syringe and a 11/2-inch, 18-gauge needle to draw the heparin solution up to the 2-cc mark, and then completely evacuating it, we found that 0.025 cc of solution remained to coat the syringe. Although this remaining solution would cause a 1.25% error in the blood gas results, the error would be acceptable because it is generally less than the standard deviation of the laboratory results. Excess liquid heparin statistically exaggerated or produced false results consistent with a metabolic acidosis with respiratory compensation. We recommend that the complete evacuation of liquid heparin from the sampling syringe be included when performing an arterial blood gas analysis. PMID- 3919623 TI - DRG death: report of a case. PMID- 3919624 TI - Incentives developed for long-term care CE program. PMID- 3919625 TI - In vitro antituberculosis activity of a new antibacterial substance ofloxacin (DL8280). AB - A new antituberculosis agent, ofloxacin (DL8280), inhibited the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis at concentrations of 0.63 to 1.25 micrograms/ml. There were no cross-resistance relationships between this agent and other antituberculosis agents. The agent delayed the growth rate of M. tuberculosis (strain H37Rv) at concentrations of 0.2 to 0.5 microgram/ml. It showed considerable bactericidal activity at concentrations a little higher than the growth-inhibitory concentration. The combined effect with other antituberculosis agents seemed to be additive. The pattern of resistance that developed with this agent was the obligatory two-step pattern, and there were 2 resistant phenotypes. PMID- 3919626 TI - Life-threatening complications associated with Bacillus cereus pneumonia. AB - Bacillus species are identified as pathogens in lung and pleural space infections with increasing frequency. We report a patient who developed life-threatening complications of Bacillus cereus pneumonia, including massive hemoptysis, acute respiratory failure, tension pneumothorax, empyema, and bronchopleural fistula. We also review the pertinent literature concerning the associated underlying disorders, complications, and therapy of Bacillus species pulmonary infections. PMID- 3919627 TI - NIH conference. Molecular genetic analysis of human lymphoid neoplasms. Immunoglobulin genes and the c-myc oncogene. AB - Immunoglobulin genes responsible for individual antibodies are organized as discontinuous DNA segments in their germline form. As an uncommitted stem cell develops into an antibody-synthesizing plasma cell, rearrangements of these immunoglobulin gene segments serve to activate the genes and to generate the virtually unlimited capacity to synthesize antibodies that recognize potential antigens. The analysis of immunoglobulin gene structure and arrangement has been of immense value in the study of human lymphoid neoplasms. Recombinant DNA technology involving analysis of immunoglobulin gene arrangement has been used to classify neoplasms of previously uncertain lineage, aid in the diagnosis of neoplasms of the B-cell series, and define the state of differentiation of neoplastic B-cell precursors. Furthermore, the demonstration of translocation of a particular transforming gene, the c-myc oncogene, into the immunoglobulin gene locus in Burkitt's lymphoma has provided a major insight into the cause of malignant transformation of these lymphoid cells. PMID- 3919629 TI - Magnetic resonance imaging: present costs and potential gains. PMID- 3919628 TI - Efficacy of nitroglycerin patches: fact or fancy? PMID- 3919630 TI - Total parenteral nutrition in malignancy. PMID- 3919631 TI - Light-chain proteinuria: spurious false-negative reaction to sulfosalicylic acid. PMID- 3919632 TI - Intravenous nitroglycerin administration and ethanol. PMID- 3919633 TI - Proteinuria and oral gold treatment. PMID- 3919634 TI - Comparison of argon and carbon dioxide laser treatment of decorative tattoos: a preliminary report. AB - Seven patients with either homemade or professional decorative tattoos have been treated with both the argon and CO2 lasers and studied clinically as well as histologically. The argon laser is absorbed by dermal pigment and vaporizes this pigment out of the skin. The CO2 laser vaporized tissue layer by layer and must be accompanied by mechanical debridement. Results and complications of treatment with the two lasers were markedly similar, as were histological studies. PMID- 3919635 TI - [Prolonged parenteral nutrition in pediatrics: technics and indications]. AB - Prolonged parenteral nutrition is an indispensable technique in a number of gastro-intestinal and non-gastro-intestinal indications in the field of paediatrics. The catheter should be placed in the superior vena cava either percutaneously or surgically. The maintenance of the infusion line, the dressings and the monitoring of the child should be conducted by a specialised nursing team. The carbohydrate and protein nutrients are prepared in the pharmacy and should be adapted daily. The complexity of this technique requires a close collaboration between physicians, surgeons, pharmacists and biochemists. The iatrogenic and metabolic complications may be multiple and severe, but can be reduced to a minimum by a rigorous methodology. PMID- 3919636 TI - Local cerebral metabolic rate for glucose during petit mal absences. AB - Four patients with primary generalized or true petit mal epilepsy were studied with positron emission tomography using [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG). FDG studies were carried out during 10 minutes of hyperventilation before and again after medical control of spontaneous absences. Before seizures were controlled all 4 patients demonstrated frequent bilaterally synchronous three-per-second spike-and-wave discharges associated with altered consciousness. After spontaneous seizures were controlled, hyperventilation produced only electroencephalographic slowing without clinical symptoms in 3; the fourth patient had absences less frequently. Patterns of local cerebral metabolic rate for glucose (CMRGlc) were normal and identical for ictal and interictal scans; there was, however, a 2.5- to 3.5-fold diffuse ictal increase in global CMRGlc evident when ictal studies were compared with hyperventilation control studies in which no seizures occurred. The CMRGlc was similar in the two scans obtained from the patient who had absences during both studies. No anatomical substrate of petit mal epilepsy was identified. The CMRGlc in these patients during petit mal absences was higher than that recorded in other patients during partial or generalized convulsive seizures. This difference may reflect the fact that petit mal absences are not associated with postictal depression. PMID- 3919637 TI - Controllability and predictability in acquired motivation. PMID- 3919638 TI - Survival and detection of Bacteroides spp., prospective indicator bacteria. AB - Preliminary experiments were performed to assess the use of intestinal Bacteroides spp. as indicators of fecal contamination of water. Viable counts of Bacteroides fragilis, an anaerobic bacterium, declined more rapidly than those of Escherichia coli and Streptococcus faecalis. However, a fluorescent antiserum prepared against B. fragilis successfully detected high proportions (18 to greater than 50%) of B. fragilis cells suspended for 8 days in aerobic water in dialysis bags at the ambient temperature. These percentages were higher than the percent viable recoveries of the two indicator bacteria used for comparison. Thus, the fluorescent antiserum test for B. fragilis might serve as a useful indicator of fecal contamination of water. An advantage of this approach over coliform analysis is the rapidity at which the test can be performed. PMID- 3919639 TI - Interaction between Streptococcus lactis and Aspergillus flavus on production of aflatoxin. AB - The inoculation of Aspergillus flavus spores into a culture of Streptococcus lactis in Lablemco tryptone broth medium resulted in little or no aflatoxin accumulation even though the growth of the fungus was not hindered. The drop in pH and reduced nutrient levels in the medium as a result of the S. lactis growth were not the cause of the observed inhibition. The inhibition was not eliminated by the addition of carbohydrate equal to the amount used by the bacterium before the inoculation with the fungus. Aflatoxin levels were also markedly reduced when S. lactis was inoculated into a growing A. flavus culture. In addition to inhibiting the synthesis of aflatoxin, S. lactis also degraded preformed toxin. A. flavus, on the other hand, not only reduced the growth of S. lactis but also affected the morphology of the bacterial cell; the cells became elongated and formed long chains. S. lactis produced and excreted the inhibitor into the medium late in its growth phase. The inhibitor was a heat-stable low-molecular-weight compound. Chloroform extracts of A. flavus grown in the presence of S. lactis were toxic to Bacillus megaterium but did not exhibit mutagenic or carcinogenic activity in the Salmonella/mammalian microsome mutagenicity test. PMID- 3919640 TI - Preparation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to the trichothecene mycotoxin T-2. AB - Two mouse immunoglobulin G1 monoclonal antibodies that bind to the trichothecene mycotoxin T-2 were prepared. These antibodies, designated 12C12 and 15H6, had affinities for T-2 of 3.5 X 10(6) and 5.8 X 10(7) liters/mol, respectively. A competitive inhibition enzyme immunoassay that employed these antibodies had a sensitivity for T-2 of 50 ng per assay. Both antibodies bound to the metabolite HT-2 but not to the related trichothecenes monoacetoxyscirpenol, diacetoxyscirpenol, deoxynivalenol, and deoxyverrucarol. Evidence is presented that T-2-protein conjugates inhibit protein synthesis in lymphoid cells and that this apparent immunotoxicity may be due to the release of T-2 from the protein carrier. PMID- 3919641 TI - Gas chromatographic assay for in vitro complementation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa mutants deficient in nitrate reduction. AB - An electron capture gas-chromatographic technique was developed to continuously measure nitrate (NO3-) reduction during in vitro complementation tests with extracts from Pseudomonas aeruginosa mutants deficient in both assimilatory and dissimilatory nitrate reduction as a result of a single genetic mutation. The procedure involves coupling nitrate reduction to nitrous oxide (N2O) evolution via a series of reactions specific to the denitrification pathway. The assay was dependent on nitrate concentration, and optimal activity was obtained with a final concentration of 0.2% potassium nitrate. The reduction exhibited a stoichiometry of 2:1 (NO3-/N2O), and succinate was the best electron source for the reaction, followed by glucose, pyruvate, and malate. The technique can also be used for continuously monitoring nitrate reduction. The optimal nitrite concentration in the nitrite reductase assay was 0.025%. The initial complementation studies of mutant extracts demonstrated that at least two genes are shared between the two nitrate reduction pathways in P. aeruginosa. PMID- 3919642 TI - Biotransformation of trichloroethylene in soil. AB - Trichloroethylene was shown to degrade aerobically to carbon dioxide in an unsaturated soil column exposed to a mixture of natural gas in air (0.6%). PMID- 3919643 TI - Possible implications of reciprocity between ethylene and aflatoxin biogenesis in Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. AB - Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus produced ethylene during early growth. However, the onset of toxin biosynthesis was marked by the absence of ethylene evolution. 2-Chloroethyl phosphonic acid, an ethylene-generating compound, inhibited aflatoxin biosynthesis in vivo. The reciprocal relationship between the production of aflatoxin and ethylene by the organism may indicate the involvement of the latter in the regulation of aflatoxin biogenesis. PMID- 3919644 TI - The stoichiometry of photorespiration during C3-photosynthesis is not fixed: evidence from combined physical and stereochemical methods. AB - The stoichiometry of photorespiration, S, is defined as the fraction of glycolate carbon photorespired. It is postulated that under steady-state conditions there are two determinants of the ratio of photorespiration to net photosynthesis: the partitioning of ribulose bisphosphate between oxidation and carboxylation, and the partitioning of glycolate between reactions leading to complete oxidation to CO2 (S = 100%) and those yielding CO2 plus serine (S = 25%). S may be calculated using two independent probes of the system. The physical probe, using an infrared gas analyzer, measured photorespiration and net photosynthesis, and hence their ratio PR/NPS = pn(phys). The metabolic probe employed tracer (3R)-D-[3-3H1,3 14C]glyceric acid to determine r, the fraction of 3H retained in the triose phosphates leaving the chloroplasts. It is deduced from the postulated model that S = pn(phys) . r/(1 - r). Experiments have been performed with illuminated tobacco leaf discs (inverted) under varying concentrations of O2 and CO2. Increasing O2 at constant CO2 increased pn(phys) and decreased r, whereas increasing CO2 at constant O2 had the opposite effect. S more than doubled at 32 degrees C on going from 16 to 40% O2 (340 microliters CO2/liter) and decreased 40% on going from 200 to 700 microliters CO2/liter (21% O2). For discs in normal air S was somewhat greater than 27%. It is suggested that net photosynthesis, and therefore crop yields, could be increased by selecting for crop plants with reduced photorespiration stoichiometry. PMID- 3919645 TI - Dependence of nitrate utilization upon active CO2 fixation in Anacystis nidulans: a regulatory aspect of the interaction between photosynthetic carbon and nitrogen metabolism. AB - Specific inhibition of photosynthetic CO2 fixation in Anacystis nidulans cells by D,L-glyceraldehyde resulted in the simultaneous inhibition of nitrate utilization, indicating a dependence of the latter process upon the provision of CO2-fixation products. This dependence was lost in cells treated with L methionine-D,L-sulfoximine or azaserine, effective inhibitors of ammonium assimilation. In these cells, nitrate uptake could proceed at rates similar to those in control cells even if CO2 fixation was severely inhibited by D,L glyceraldehyde. The results support the contention that CO2-fixation products participate in the control of nitrate uptake in A. nidulans by preventing the accumulation of certain ammonium derivatives which are negative effectors of nitrate uptake. PMID- 3919646 TI - The physiological role of oxygen-sensitive pyruvate dehydrogenase in mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis in Euglena gracilis. AB - In Euglena gracilis a malonyl-CoA-independent fatty acid-synthetic system, in which fatty acids are synthesized directly from acetyl-CoA as both primer and C2 donor, occurs in mitochondria, and the system contributes to the wax ester fermentation. The activity of fatty acid synthesis in the mitochondrial system was enhanced about six times when an artificial acetyl-CoA-regenerating system was present, indicating that the fatty acid-synthetic activity is controlled by the ratio of acetyl-CoA against CoA. When fatty acids were synthesized using pyruvate instead of acetyl-CoA as substrate, a high activity, about 30 times higher than that from acetyl-CoA, was found under anaerobic conditions (below 10( 5) M oxygen), while in aerobiosis fatty acids were not synthesized at all. CoA, NADH, and NADP+ were required as cofactors for fatty acid synthesis from pyruvate. It was indicated that high activity of fatty acid synthesis from pyruvate due to the high ratio of acetyl-CoA against CoA was maintained by the action of the oxygen-sensitive pyruvate dehydrogenase found in Euglena mitochondria. When [2-14C]pyruvate was fed into intact mitochondria under anaerobic conditions, radioactive fatty acids were formed in the presence of malate, which provided reducing power for the matrix. PMID- 3919647 TI - Factors affecting the dissociation and reconstitution of ribulose-1,5 bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase from Aphanothece halophytica. AB - Factors affecting the mutual interaction between the catalytic core [octamer of large subunit (A)] and the small subunit (B) comprising ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO) from the superhalophilic cyanobacterium, Aphanothece halophytica, were investigated. The enzyme molecule dissociated into the catalytic core highly depleted of subunit B and the monomeric form of subunit B during density gradient centrifugation (15 h, 4 degrees C) in a sucrose solution of low ionic strength ([I] less than or equal to 50 mM), whereas dissociation was effectively prevented in the presence of 0.3 M KCl. Under the latter condition, dissociation of the enzyme molecule was almost completely prevented by raising the temperature to 20 degrees C, suggesting hydrophobic interaction between catalytic core and subunit B. The addition of RuBP to the sucrose gradient was shown to effectively reduce the molecular dissociation, suggesting a close interaction between the catalytic site and the binding site of subunit B with the catalytic core directly or indirectly. The dissociation was accelerated at alkaline pH higher than 8.5. Reconstitution of the enzymatically active molecular form from the separated components, catalytic core highly depleted of subunit B and B1, was done under various conditions. Both carboxylase and oxygenase activities increased proportionately with the amount of subunit B and then became saturated. From the reconstitution kinetics of RuBP carboxylase, the binding constant of subunit B (KD) was estimated to be about 30 nM in the presence of bovine serum albumin under the usual assay conditions at pH 7.5 and 25 degrees C, but decreased to about 1 nM by the further addition of 0.3 M KCl. Alkaline pH (8.5 or 9) could increase KD by one order of magnitude. High KD was also observed as a result of lowering the temperature; however, the presence of 0.3 M KCl or 0.4 M sucrose or glycerol could effectively decrease the KD at low temperature from 900 nM to less than 50 nM. All these data indicate that the enzyme dissociation at low temperature can be prevented in vivo by cellular components such as salts, polyols, and substrate RuBP besides a factor of enzyme concentration. PMID- 3919648 TI - Rhizobium japonicum hydrogenase: purification to homogeneity from soybean nodules, and molecular characterization. AB - Rhizobium japonicum hydrogenase was purified to homogeneity from soybean root nodules by four column chromatography steps after solubilization from membranes by treatment with a nonionic detergent. The specific activity was from 40 to 65 mumol H2 oxidized min-1 mg protein-1 and was increased 450-fold relative to that in bacteroids. The yield of activity was from 7 to 12%. The molecular weight of the native enzyme was 104,000 as determined by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate revealed two subunits with molecular weights of 64,000 and 35,000, indicating an alpha beta subunit structure. The amino acid content of the protein indicated 20 cysteine residues. Analysis of the metal content indicated 0.59 +/- 0.06 mol Ni/mol hydrogenase and 6.5 +/- 1.2 mol Fe/mol hydrogenase. Antisera prepared to the hydrogenase cross-reacted with the enzyme in bacteroid extracts at all stages of the purification but did not cross-react with extracts of Alcaligenes eutrophus grown under chemolithotrophic conditions. The similarity of rhizobial hydrogenase to the particulate hydrogenases of A. eutrophus and A. latus is discussed. PMID- 3919649 TI - The relationship between light scattering and chlorophyll a fluorescence during oscillations in photosynthetic carbon assimilation. AB - Light scattering, which can be taken as an indicator of the transthylakoid proton gradient, and the 518-nm rise, which can be regarded as a measure of the transthylakoid membrane potential, have been followed during oscillations in chlorophyll a fluorescence, which are known to be associated with corresponding changes in photosynthetic carbon assimilation. Both components oscillated in a manner which was broadly reciprocal to chlorophyll a fluorescence. However, there was a phase shift such that the light-scattering change usually anticipated fluorescence and often also the 518-nm shift. It is concluded that the proton motive force rises and falls slightly in advance of rises and falls in carbon assimilation. The relationship of these changes to a possible underlying mechanism is discussed. PMID- 3919650 TI - Effects of calcium binding and of EDTA and CaEDTA on the clotting of bovine fibrinogen by thrombin. AB - Studies were carried out at pH 7.0 and gamma/2 0.15 before addition of CaCl2 or EDTA. Clotting time, tau, at 3.03 microM fibrinogen and 0.91 u/ml thrombin was determined for equilibrium systems. With added Ca2+, tau decreases, from tau 0 at 0 added Ca2+ (mean, 29.7 +/- 3 s), by approximately 3 s at 5 mM added Ca2+. With added EDTA, tau increases sigmoidally from tau 0 at 0 EDTA to a maximum (mean tau m = 142 +/- 23 s) at approximately 200 microM EDTA. tau then decreases slightly to a minimum at approximately 1.3 mM and finally increases to infinity at approximately 10 mM EDTA. Between 0 and 1.3 mM EDTA, effects on clotting time are completely reversed by adding Ca2+ and, after equilibration at 400 microM EDTA, tau is independent of EDTA concentration. Thus, up to 400 microM EDTA, effects on clotting time are attributed to decreasing fibrinogen bound Ca2+. Between 5 mM Ca2+ and 200 microM EDTA it is assumed that an equilibrium distribution of fibrinogen species having 3, 2, 1, or 0 bound calcium ions is established and that a clotting time is determined by the sum of products of species fractional abundance and pure species clotting time. Analysis indicates that pure species clotting times increase proportionately with decreasing Ca2+ binding, binding sites are nearly independent, and the microscopic association constant for the first bound Ca2+ is approximately 4.9 X 10(6) M-1. Effects of adding Ca2+ at times t1 after thrombin addition to systems initially equilibrated at 200 microM EDTA were determined. Analysis of the relation between tau and t1 indicates that as Ca2+ binding decreases, rate constants for release of B peptides decrease less than those for release of A peptides. As EDTA concentration is increased above 1.3 mM, inhibitory effects of EDTA and CaEDTA progressively increase. PMID- 3919651 TI - Failure of lysine in frequently recurrent herpes simplex infection. PMID- 3919652 TI - Anti-Ro/SSA antibodies. Association with a particulate (large speckledlike thread) immunofluorescent nuclear staining pattern. AB - Twenty-one patients with clinical and histopathologic evidence of subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus and one patient with Sjogren's syndrome and vasculitis had anti-Ro/SSA (Sjogren's syndrome A) antibodies as demonstrated by double immunodiffusion assay using a saline extract of human spleen as the source of antigen. These serum samples were negative when tested for other nuclear antigens, including native DNA, Sm, and RNP. When tested for antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) by immunofluorescence, only ten of 22 serum samples were ANA positive on mouse liver substrate, while 18 of 22 had a positive ANA when HEp-2 tumor cells were utilized. With imprints of human spleen as test substrate, all 22 serum samples yielded a positive ANA result and a particulate (large speckledlike thread) staining pattern. Absorption of two of these serum samples with human spleen extract containing Ro/SSA antigen inhibited both the particulate staining pattern using human spleen imprints and the anti-Ro/SSA precipitin line by double immunodiffusion. These studies suggest that anti-Ro/SSA antibodies and antibodies producing the particulate nuclear staining pattern on human spleen imprints are either one and the same or closely paralleling antibody systems. PMID- 3919653 TI - Benign cephalic histiocytosis. PMID- 3919654 TI - Loss of breast milk nutrients during tube feeding. AB - Nutrient losses from banked breast milk during tube feeding were determined from laboratory models. Large fat losses occurred, continuous feeding giving rise to significantly greater losses than bolus feeding. More fat loss occurred with low flow rates and there were also significant protein losses. PMID- 3919655 TI - Levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), DDE, and mirex in waterfowl collected in New York State, 1981-1982. PMID- 3919656 TI - Transfer of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) to newborn infants through the placenta and mothers' milk. PMID- 3919657 TI - Uptake and retention of 14C-Aroclor 1254 in the amphipod, Gammarus tigrinus, fed contaminated fungus, Fusarium oxysporum. PMID- 3919658 TI - Studies on the response of isolated rat liver mitochondria to polychlorinated biphenyls (Kanechlors). PMID- 3919659 TI - Demonstration and identification of monoclonal proteins in the urine of patients with Sjogren's syndrome. AB - Fresh sera and concentrated urine from 17 patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome (SS) were fractionated by high-resolution agarose electrophoresis to investigate the presence of monoclonal immunoglobulins or their components. Homogeneous protein bands were found in the gamma-globulin region in 47% of serum samples and 76% of urine specimens of all patients tested. These monoclonal proteins were detected more often in patients with extraglandular SS (77% in serum, 100% in the urine) than in patients with glandular SS (14% in serum, 43% in the urine). Immunofixation electrophoresis showed that the majority of these monoclonal proteins were free kappa or lambda light chains. Fractionation of unconcentrated parotid salivas from five SS patients failed to reveal the presence of monoclonal light chains or immunoglobulins. The present findings further substantiate our previous observation that a monoclonal process coexists with the polyclonal activation in SS patients. PMID- 3919660 TI - Serum immune complexes in systemic sclerosis: relationship with precipitating nuclear antibodies. AB - In a comparative study of antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and immune complexes in the serum of 43 patients with systemic sclerosis (SS) ANA were detected by indirect immunofluorescence on Hep 2 cells and/or double immunodiffusion in 90% of patients, while immune complex assays were positive in 32% of patients. The immune complex assays were positive only in sera containing antibodies to Scl 70, n-RNP, Ro, and La. The presence of immune complexes in SS sera is therefore related to ANA specificity. This might explain the variable findings of several previous studies of immune complexes in SS. PMID- 3919661 TI - Inhibitory effect of sodium aurothiomalate on a chronic inflammatory model in the rat. PMID- 3919662 TI - Hypogammaglobulinaemia associated with gold therapy. PMID- 3919663 TI - Selective transplantation. An emerging concept. AB - The purpose of this paper is to call attention to a number of approaches that have recently become attractive for the treatment of donor organs or tissues prior to transplantation in such a way that they succeed better as transplants thereafter. These treatments are designed to select from an organ or tissue those cellular elements required for the express purposes of the transplant. Three sets of examples of "selective transplantation" are offered; those that focus upon the maintenance of mechanical functions of the donor tissue, those in which metabolic properties of the graft are paramount, and those in which immunological considerations are primary. Although it is predicted that the selective approach described will prove to be useful in a variety of clinical settings, the full extent of its applicability remains to be demonstrated. PMID- 3919664 TI - Laser photoablation of pathological endocardium: in vitro findings suggesting a new approach to the surgical treatment of refractory arrhythmias and restrictive cardiomyopathy. AB - In selected patients, malignant ventricular tachyarrhythmias have been successfully abolished by excision of subendocardial arrhythmogenic foci. Likewise, in certain patients in whom restrictive cardiomyopathy is due to endocardial thickening, endocardial resection has resulted in hemodynamic improvement. The present study was designed to explore the utility, in vitro, of laser photoablation of pathologically thickened endocardium. Endocardial photoablation was easily accomplished regardless of etiological or anatomical variations using either the focused beam of a carbon dioxide laser or argon laser light delivered through a 200-microns optical fiber. Photoablation of areas as large as 3.9 X 1.3 cm was performed within 40 seconds. The extent or depth of endocardial photoablation could be limited to 2 mm2 in area or 1 mm in depth using either form of laser therapy. These in vitro results suggest that either carbon dioxide or argon laser phototherapy can be successfully applied to the surgical treatment of refractory arrhythmias and restrictive cardiomyopathy. Advantages of laser photoablation include speed and precision. Furthermore, laser photoablation obviates the difficulty associated with conventional techniques in establishing tissue planes. PMID- 3919665 TI - Tocainide and mexiletine. Orally effective lidocaine analogues. PMID- 3919666 TI - Sequential clinical and immunologic abnormalities in hemophiliacs. AB - We examined 35 patients with hemophilia to determine if there was an association between impaired cell-mediated immunity and the amount of factor concentrate use. There was a significant negative relationship between the logarithm of the helper suppressor ratio and the logarithm of concentrate use determined over the previous one year, five years, and total lifetime. Similarly, the presence of splenomegaly was significantly associated with the logarithm of concentrate use for each time interval. Hypergammaglobulinemia, anergy, and lymphadenopathy were present in a high proportion of patients. Repeated study of 30 of these patients at eight to 14 months showed no significant changes in their T-cell subsets. At follow-up, 16 patients had lymphadenopathy with or without splenomegaly and four had splenomegaly alone. No significant associations between concentrate use during the study period and changes in T-cell subsets or clinical condition were found. PMID- 3919667 TI - Intravenous etidronate in the management of malignant hypercalcemia. AB - The treatment of hypercalcemia remains a common problem in the management of many patients with cancer. We have used intravenously administered etidronate disodium as a therapy for hypercalcemia in 26 patients with malignant disease. Patients with persistent hypercalcemia despite adequate hydration and a serum creatinine level less than or equal to 1.5 mg/dL were allowed on study. Treatment consisted of intravenously administered etidronate disodium at 7.5 mg/kg/day in 250 mL of saline infused over two hours on 1, 2, 3, or 4 consecutive days. The serum calcium level in 19 (73%) of 26 patients returned to the normal range with a mean response time of 3 +/- 2 days. Similar response rates were seen in patients with a variety of tumors, including breast cancer, non-small-cell lung cancer, and multiple myeloma. Intravenously administered etidronate appears to be safe and effective therapy for hypercalcemia in patients with malignant disease. PMID- 3919668 TI - Nitrate therapy for angina pectoris. Current concepts about mechanism of action and evaluation of currently available preparations. AB - Nitrates are presently used in the therapy for angina pectoris. They have both direct coronary vascular and indirect systemic effects; each appears to contribute to their anti-anginal efficacy. The various nitrate preparations, including the newer preparations recently made clinically available, have varying utilities in the relief of acute ischemic pain or for anginal prophylaxis. Nitrate tolerance and dependence are proved phenomena, yet their impact on the clinical usage of nitrates is not clearly defined. The utility of nitrates, including intravenous nitroglycerin, in the treatment of unstable angina and vasospastic angina is well documented. Their efficacy compared with that of calcium channel blockers is still being investigated. The reported adverse effects of nitrates are few, despite their many years of usage in clinical medicine. PMID- 3919669 TI - [Ventricular arrhythmia following repair of Fallot's tetralogy. Apropos of 59 cases]. AB - Fifty-nine patients operated for Fallot's tetralogy were reviewed over 3 years after surgery. The average age at surgery was 7.4 years (range 6 months to 37 years). The review included ECG, chest X-ray, echocardiography, exercise stress testing and Holter monitoring, completed by cardiac catheterisation in 10 cases and electrophysiological investigation in 4 cases. Forty-eight of the 59 patients (81.3 p. 100) had no signs of ventricular arrhythmia or only benign ventricular extrasystoles (Group I). Four patients (6.8 p. 100) had severe ventricular arrhythmias (Group II). Seven patients (11.9 p. 100) had one or more episodes of ventricular tachycardia (VT) (Group III) and, in 3 of these patients, VT was recorded during Holter monitoring or exercise stress testing. One patient in Group III died after reoperation, but there were no cases of sudden death in this series. The high risk patients Groups II and III) were operated late (after 5 years), had bi- or trifascicular block (7 out of 11 cases), ventricular extrasystoles on resting ECGs (9 out of 11 cases), cardiomegaly (6 out of 7 cases in Group III), echocardiographic dilatation of the infundibulum (6 out of the 8 patients undergoing echocardiography in Groups II and III). They had significant residual malformation but without right ventricular hypertension (as judged mainly by immediate postoperative data). Ventricular arrhythmias occurred over 6 years after surgery. However, none of the patients operated before 2 years of age had ventricular arrhythmias or VT with a mean follow-up period of 7.5 years, perhaps because LV function was protected.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3919670 TI - [Hemodynamic testing at rest and during exertion after mitral valve replacement with a St. Jude Medical prosthesis]. AB - 177 mitral valve replacements with the St Jude Medical prosthesis (SJM) were carried out from March 1979 to December 1983. 45 of these patients (22 men and 23 women) underwent right heart catheterisation 6 or 8 months after surgery. These patients were operated for pure mitral stenosis in 24 cases, mitral regurgitation in 10 cases and mixed mitral disease in 24 cases. There was associated aortic valve disease in 26 patients and valve replacement with a Bjork prosthesis was carried out in 19 cases. Tricuspid valvuloplasty was performed in 6 patients. 37 patients were at Stage III or IV of the NYHA classification before surgery; one year later, only 1 patient remained at Stage III, 4 patients were at Stage II and 38 at Stage I. 2 patients died in the first postoperative year of extracardiac causes. Resting pulmonary capillary pressure (Pw) fell from 18 +/- 7 mmHg to 9 +/ 4 mmHg after surgery (p less than 0.001); cardiac index rose from 2.21 +/- 0.45 to 2.59 +/- 0.49 1/min/m2 (p less than 0.001). A capillary arteriolar obstruction observed in 16 patients before surgery was only found in 9 of these patients after surgery. The changes in pulmonary pressures and cardiac output during exercise were studied in 22 patients. Pw rose from 7.6 +/- 1.5 mmHg to 20 +/- 4 mmHg; cardiac index increased from 2.62 +/- 0.19 to 5.46 +/- 0.72 1/min/m2. When compared with theoretical results in a normal subject, pulmonary artery pressures were abnormally high in 13 subjects (59 p. 100), reflecting a stenosing effect of the prosthesis, unmasked by exercise.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3919671 TI - [Hemodynamic evaluation of Ionescu-Shiley pericardial bioprostheses]. AB - 36 patients with a total of 39 pericardial Ionescu-Shiley bioprostheses (20 aortic, 13 mitral and 3 double valve replacements) were studied. The population consisted if 12 women and 24 men with an average age of 33 +/- 11 years. The control was performed on average 7 +/- 4 months after surgery. At the time of investigation all patients were in functional classes I or II of the NYHA. The average cardio-thoracic ratio was 0.51 +/- 0.05. The catheter data showed a mean pulmonary capillary pressure of 10 +/- 2.7 mmHg, a mean cardiac index of 3.2 +/- 0.9 l/min/m2, a mean end diastolic volume of 132 +/- 33 ml/m2 and a mean ejection fraction of 0.53 +/- 0.12. Haemodynamic data was obtained under basal conditions and during intravenous infusion of isoproterenol. The average transvalvular pressure gradient was measured by transseptal catheterisation. The cardiac output was measured by dye dilution and the functional surface area calculated using the Gorlin formula (k = 44.5 for the aortic valve and k = 31 for the mitral valve). Perivalvular leaks were excluded by selective left ventriculography or aortography. The average transvalvular pressure gradients for the aortic valve prostheses (no 19 = 1, no 21 = 4, no 23 = 3, no 25 = 7, no 27 = 8) were 17 +/- 7 mmHg for no 19 and 21, 12 +/- 5 mmHg for no 23 and 25, and 9.7 +/- 2.7 mmHg for no 27.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3919672 TI - [Cor triatriatum of adults. Apropos of 2 new surgically treated cases in adults]. AB - The authors report two cases of cor triatriatum in a 54 year old woman undergoing open heart surgery with a preoperative diagnosis of mitral stenosis, and a 24 year old woman in whom the diagnosis had been made before surgery. Resection of the abnormal intra-left atrial fibrous membrane successfully restored normal haemodynamics in both cases. The main clinical and diagnostic features of the condition are described. PMID- 3919673 TI - [Acute amiodarone poisoning. Clinical and pharmacokinetic study]. AB - A 73 years old patient, treated with Amiodarone for ventricular tachycardia, ingested 6 000 mg of Amiodarone. This did not induce hemodynamic troubles or aggravation of ventricular arrhythmia. Treatment included a gastric lavage and purging at the third hour. Plasma assay revealed a concentration of 3.69 mg/l at the fourth hour. Their evolution can be described as the sum of two exponentials. The half-life of the first exponential is 4.9 hours ; the half-life of the second one is 544 hours. Amiodarone is an antiarrhythmic agent of high safety. PMID- 3919674 TI - [Tamponade caused by localized compression of the superior vena cava and right atrium after aortic valve replacement under extracorporeal circulation]. AB - The authors report a case of localised compression of the right atrium due to a loculated intrapericardial haematoma after open heart surgery. The patient suddenly developed signs of superior vena caval obstruction during the third postoperative week. The diagnosis was made by 2D echocardiography and superior vena cavography. The authors review the literature and discuss the main clinical features of localised cardiac tamponade, underlying the value of 2D echocardiography in the postoperative management of cardiac surgical patients. PMID- 3919675 TI - [Mode of action of purinergic derivatives of adenine on auriculo-ventricular conduction. Experimental study in dogs]. AB - The effects of three purine derivatives of adenine, adenosine triphosphate (Striadyne), purified adenosine triphosphate and adenosine, on conduction tissue, were studied in closed chest dogs with endocavitary recording catheters. The dogs were anaesthetised with pentobarbital and ventilated, then three bipolar catheters were positioned to allow atrial pacing and recordings of atrial and His bundle potentials. The purines studied were administered by rapid bolus intravenous injection. The dosage was identical based on a predetermined dose response curve (dose of 2 mg/kg). The study of the effects on atrioventricular conduction was carried out before and after administration of antagonists: atropine, 0.08 mg/kg and aminophylline, 10 mg/kg. Twelve dogs were studied for each purine: 6 with initial premedication with atropine and then aminophylline, and 6 with the inverse sequence. Lengthening of AV conduction was due exclusively to nodal depression. No variation in the HV interval was observed (HV = 35 +/- 4 ms). Lengthening of AH interval was observed very soon after injection of the drugs (5 to 10 seconds) with a peak effect between 20 and 40 seconds. Reversion to the initial value always occurred in under 2 minutes. In the model studied, Striadyne and purified adenosine triphosphate were much more powerful than adenosine, both in intensity and duration; high degree AV block was obtained in 10 out of 12 cases with Striadyne and in 8 out of 12 cases with purified adenosine triphosphate, but in only 2 out of 12 cases with adenosine. The use of specific antagonists demonstrated the different modes of action of the three purines.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3919676 TI - [Severe thrombopenia from heparin: value of the use of low molecular weight heparin. Apropos of 6 cases]. AB - Severe heparin-induced thrombocytopaenia associated with thromboembolism is a well known complication, although the exact pathogenic mechanism remains unclear. It sets the problem of whether to continue heparin therapy because standard heparin must be withdrawn. Heparin is a mucopolysaccharide composed of fractions of different molecular weights. The fractions with high molecular weights have been held responsible for these severe thrombocytopenias and so, the use of low molecular weight heparin has been suggested. The authors used subcutaneous low molecular weight heparin (CY 216 Choay Institute) at empirical doses of 350 to 1 500 units/kg/24 hour in six cases of severe heparin-induced thrombocytopaenia. Platelet counts rapidly returned to normal (4 days on average) in 5 cases. Thrombocytopaenia persisted with low molecular weight heparin in 1 case. The study of platelet aggregation was positive with low molecular weight heparin in this case and the platelet count returned to normal when the treatment was withdrawn. The authors conclude that, although low molecular weight heparin is useful in severe heparin-induced thrombocytopaenia, its efficacy remains modest. Not only may platelet aggregation persist with low molecular weight heparin which rekindles the debate as to its pathogenic mechanism, but also low molecular weight heparin may have a slight antithrombin effect which limits its use in patients at high risk of thromboembolism, imposing treatment with fast acting vitamin K antagonists. PMID- 3919677 TI - [Reoperation after saphenous aortocoronary bypass]. AB - The results of a consecutive series of 24 patients reoperated for coronary bypass grafting between May 1977 and February 1983 are reported. The overall incidence of reoperation was 1.4 p. 100 (24 out of 1 716 cases); the incidence is tending to increase (2.3 p. 100 in 1982). Preoperative assessment revealed the persistence of cardiovascular risk factors: 75 p. 100 of patients had continued to smoke; 61 p. 100 had persistent hyperlipidaemia. The usual presenting syndrome was recurrence of chest pain (21 out of 24 cases) leading to control coronary arteriography on the results of which the surgical indication was based. The average time between the two operations was 38.7 months. The patients were classified into two groups; early reoperation (6 cases) for a technical problem or incomplete revascularisation, and late reoperation (8 cases) for disease of the graft and atherosclerosis. Progression of coronary atherosclerosis was the major long-term cause of occlusion of the saphenous graft (10-14 cases). The arteries most commonly bypassed at reoperation were the left anterior descending and right coronary arteries (12 times each). Reoperation comprised single bypass (13 cases), double bypass (10 cases) and triple bypass (1 case) with an average of 1.5 grafts per patient. The most commonly used vein was the internal saphenous vein (32 out of 36 grafts). Myocardial protection was insured by cardioplegia (13 cases) and intermittent clamping (10 cases) after cooling (general hypothermia at 22 degrees C). Global reoperative mortality (4 p. 100) was higher than for elective primary coronary surgery (2.3 p. 100). The incidence of perioperative infarction was 8 p. 100.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3919678 TI - [Hemodynamic effects of phentolamine in acute and chronic mitral insufficiency after myocardial infarction]. AB - The haemodynamic effects of phentolamine, a selective alpha blocker, were studied in patients with severe mitral regurgitation and cardiac failure in the acute (Group I, 7 cases) or chronic (Group II, 7 cases) phase of myocardial infarction. After 1 hour's treatment a rise in cardiac index (+29 p. 100, p less than 0.001 and +36 p. 100, p less than 0.01), and systolic index (+19 p. 100, p less than 0.001 and +19 p. 100, p less than 0.05) were observed; the V wave of the pulmonary capillary pressure recording decreased (-32 p. 100, p less than 0.005; 26 p. 100, p less than 0.01). Oxygen transport also increased by an average of 36 p. 100, p less than 0.001, without a significant change in arterial pp O2. These results show that phentolamine improves the haemodynamics and decreases mitral regurgitation in the acute and in the chronic phases of myocardial infarction. PMID- 3919679 TI - [Surgical result of 48 Bigelow myotomies for obstructive myocardiopathy]. AB - Bigelow's myotomy is one of the surgical options available for the treatment of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM). The results of this operation were analysed in 48 cases operated between 1965 and May 1983. The average age of the patients was relatively low (38 years) but preoperative symptoms were severe (34 patients in Class III and 6 patients in Class IV of the NYHA Classification). The diagnosis was confirmed in all cases by echocardiography, carotid pulse tracings and cardiac catheterisation. 28 patients had associated lesions including 21 cases of mitral regurgitation (minimal in II cases, moderate in 6 cases and severe in 4 cases). All patients underwent Bigelow myotomy which was associated with a complementary procedure in 9 cases (including 2 mitral valve replacements and 2 semi-circular annuloplasties). The hospital mortality was 6 patients; surgical morbidity resulted from permanent intraventricular conduction defects (27 cases). At long-term, 3 more patients died, 2 from cardiac causes. Of the remaining 39 patients followed-up for an average of 32 months, functional improvement was marked, except in very advanced stages of the disease (Class IV) or forms with severe or uncorrected mitral regurgitation. The indications for Bigelow myotomy are discussed with reference to three parameters of HOCM (intraventricular pressure gradient, mitral regurgitation, decreased left ventricular compliance). This procedure has a beneficial effect on the subaortic stenosis and left ventricular compliance. It should be completed by mitral valve surgery in patients with significant regurgitation. PMID- 3919680 TI - [Exertion isotope tests in coronary insufficiency. Comparison with isotopic ventriculography and myocardial scintigraphy]. AB - Very few studies have been described comparing the value of exercise myocardial scintigraphy and left ventricular angioscintigraphy. The authors designed a study comparing these two investigations with conventional exercise stress testing and coronary angiography. The isotopic investigations were carried out within 48 hours of coronary angiography. A total of 143 patients undergoing coronary angiography (35 normal, 108 coronary patients: 36 single vessel, 36 double vessel and 36 triple vessel disease) were included in this study. The lesions were located of the LAD (77 cases), left circumflex (77 cases) and right coronary arteries (62). The sensitivity and specificity of both radionuclide investigations were evaluated to assess their diagnostic value; the best results were obtained with myocardial scintigraphy (sensitivity 86 p. 100; specificity 100 p. 100); angioscintigraphy had a sensitivity of 71 p. 100 and specificity of 97 p. 100, and conventional exercise stress testing of 42 p. 100 and 70 p. 100 respectively. The sensitivity seemed to increase with the degree of stenosis; although the sensitivity of myocardial scintigraphy increased progressively, that of angioscintigraphy doubled in cases of stenosis 90 p. 100 (stenosis less than 90 p. 100, sensitivity = 37 p. 100; stenosis greater than 90 p. 100, sensitivity = 73 p. 100). The sensitivity of myocardial scintigraphy with respect to the severity of the coronary artery disease was best in cases of right coronary artery stenosis (sensitivity in cases of RCA stenosis = 74 p. 100; sensitivity in LAD stenosis = 58 p. 100; sensitivity in left circumflex stenosis = 43 p. 100). The sensitivity of left ventricular angioscintigraphy was best in LAD stenosis (RCA stenosis = 50 p. 100, LAD stenosis = 64 p. 100, left circumflex stenosis = 36 p. 100). The sensitivity of both investigations was poor in left circumflex artery stenosis even when severely diseased. The sensitivity of both investigations was better in diffuse coronary artery disease: myocardial scintigraphy (single vessel disease: 72 p. 100, double vessel disease: 92 p. 100, triple vessel disease: 94 p. 100), left ventricular angioscintigraphy (61 p. 100, 69 p. 100, and 83 p. 100 respectively). Although the association of these two radioisotopic investigations does not improve diagnostic sensitivity, it does provide more information about the localisation and extension of the coronary artery disease especially in LAD and right coronary artery stenosis. These results suggest that these investigations are complementary in the evaluation of patients with coronary artery disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3919681 TI - [Results and indications of coronarography in mitral valvulopathies]. AB - Selective coronary angiography was carried out in 110 patients (68 women, 42 men; average age 57 +/- 8 years) with significant, isolated, non-ischaemic mitral valve disease. The indication for coronary angiography was angina or myocardial infarction in 42 cases and the investigation was carried out routinely in the other 68 cases. Coronary stenosis greater than 50 p. 100 was demonstrated in 25 cases (22.7 p. 100), 18 single vessel, 5 double or triple vessel disease and 2 cases of stenosis of the left main stem. The incidence of coronary artery disease was higher in patients with cardiovascular risk factors (0 factors: 13 p. 100; 1 factor: 22 p. 100, 2 or 3 factors: 45 p. 100; p less than 0.01). The coronary patients had higher mean pulmonary artery pressures (33 +/- 16 mmHg vs 25 +/- 8 mmHg, p 0.001), higher left ventricular end diastolic pressures (12.5 +/- 7 mmHg vs 9 +/- 5 mmHg, p less than 0.01) and greater left ventricular end diastolic volumes (83 + 40 ml/m2 vd 59 +/- 29 ml/m2, p less than 0.01). There was no difference in segmental wall motion between coronary and non coronary patients. 89 patients were referred for surgery, 17 of whom had coronary artery disease. 5 patients underwent coronary bypass surgery. The incidence of peroperative cardiac complications (low output, ventricular arrhythmias, myocardial infarction) was higher in the coronary patients (53 p. 100 vs 18 p. 100, p less than 0.01). The 6 year survival rate was 75 +/- 8 p. 100.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3919682 TI - [Paroxysmal mitral insufficiency caused by ischemic dysfunction of the papillary muscles. Apropos of 39 cases]. AB - Episodic mitral regurgitation due to ischaemia of one or both papillary muscles was studied in a review of 39 cases with complementary investigations and compared with previously reported data. The condition occurred after myocardial infarction in 69 p. 100 of cases (usually after inferior infarction: 54 p. 100) associated with ischaemia of the controlateral territory; there was no history of myocardial infarction in 31 p. 100 of cases. The patients were usually elderly (73 years), often hypertensive (77 p. 100) and diabetic (62 p. 100). The clinical syndrome was that of severe anginal pain, mitral regurgitation and left ventricular failure which was critical in some cases. The ECG showed typical ST depression (4.1 +/- 1.6 mm) especially in the antero-lateral leads; left bundle branch block (28 p. 100) with left axis deviation (18 p. 100), sometimes associated with changes of chronic infarction (64 p. 100) was also recorded. Mitral regurgitation and left ventricular failure regressed almost completely in typical cases between attacks, whilst the ECG showed slight residual sub endocardial ischaemia (ST depression of 1.5 +/- 0.4 mm) in 30 cases and/or subepicardial ischaemia observed in the anterolateral leads in 13 cases. Phonomechanographic recordings (n = 32) showed moderate mitral regurgitation (1 2/6), usually parasystolic (47 p. 100) or early and mid systolic (36 p. 100) in 87.5 p. 100 of cases between attacks, aggravated by handgrip exercise and improved by trinitrin administration. Echocardiography (n = 27) only showed mitral valve changes in 2 patients (increased density of the papillary muscle in 1 case and prolapse of the anterior leaflet in 1 case); however, segmental wall hypokinetic (51 p. 100) or dyskinetic (15 p. 100) motion, was common with increased left ventricular end diastolic dimensions (mean 56.3 +/- 8.0 mm) and decreased fractional shortening (mean 0.30 +/- 0.07) (67 p. 100). Left atrial dimensions were increased (mean 39.7 +/- 6.4 mm) in 52 p. 100 of patients. Thallium 201 myocardial scintigraphy (n = 32) showed hypofixation in 57 (36 p. 100) and a lacuna in 23 (14 p. 100) of the 160 segments analysed. Left ventricular angioscintigraphy (n = 27; 135 segments) showed hypokinesia in 72 segments (53 p. 100); 2.7 segments per patient), akinesia in 19 segments (15 p. 100; 0.7 segment per patient) and dyskinesia in 2 segments (1.5 p. 100); 0.1 segment per patient). The global ejection fraction was 46 +/- 13 p. 100. Coronary angiography (n = 8) showed significant diffuse atherosclerosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3919683 TI - [Paroxysmal mitral insufficiency caused by ischemic dysfunction of the papillary muscles. Hemodynamic and angiographic study of 18 cases. Pathogenic hypotheses]. AB - 18 of 39 cases of ischaemic papillary muscle dysfunction reported elsewhere underwent cardiac catheterisation and angiography. Fifteen patients had previous myocardial infarction. The average age of the patients was less than in the overall series (69 vs 73 years) but the incidence of infarction and the degree of cardiac disease were greater. The absence of catheter data in the other patients is explained by their older age (76.4 years) and the longer period of recruitment. Their results and outcome of medical or surgical treatment are reported. The pathogenesis of the syndrome is reconsidered in the perspective of paroxysmal forms. A protocol for investigation is suggested to guide the therapeutic options. Right heart catheterisation at rest (n = 16), on exercise (n = 12), under vasodilator therapy (n = 6) and during angiography (n = 2) does not show a specific profile. These investigations only provide haemodynamic data related to therapy but they are essential for the interpretation of ventriculography. Ventriculography (n = 8) demonstrated 4 cases of mitral regurgitation (2 major and 2 minor), a reduced EF (0.47 +/- 0.17), asynergy of 36.1 p. 100 of segments analysed, predominantly in the inferior and lateral zones. Coronary angiography showed triple vessel disease in 6 cases, double vessel disease in 1 case and 1 stenosis of the left main coronary artery. Stenosis was commonest on the left circumflex (87.5 p. 100) and right coronary arteries (87.5 p. 100) but also frequently involved the left anterior descending artery (75 p. 100). Of the 12 patients treated medically, 8 died (66.6 p. 100) and the survivors remain symptomatic (33.3 p. 100), half with and half without attacks. After surgery (n = 8) comprising coronary bypass surgery (n = 6) or mitral valve replacement (n = 2), patients were asymptomatic. 1 patient died of cancer. These paroxysmal forms of mitral regurgitation may be explained by the association of aggravating, reversible ischaemic or haemodynamic factors to organic mitral lesions. Mitral valve replacement is justified when dysfunction becomes permanent and coronary bypass surgery is advocated whenever possible. The indications for surgery can only be taken into account after complete haemodynamic and angiographic investigation. A protocol for the interpretation of these investigations is suggested. PMID- 3919684 TI - Pharmacologic evidence for specificity of pursuit dysfunction to schizophrenia. Lithium carbonate associated with abnormal pursuit. AB - Conflicting findings regarding the prevalence of abnormal smooth-pursuit eye movements in patients with major affective disorders call into question the specificity of impaired smooth-pursuit eye movements to schizophrenia. We report that pursuit is impaired in 88% of lithium carbonate-treated affective disorder patients whose pursuit was normal prior to receiving this drug. Over half of lithium carbonate-treated affective disorder patients in remission also showed impairment of smooth-pursuit eye movements. In conjunction with recent prevalence data on family members of psychiatric patients, the findings support the specificity of abnormal pursuit as a biological trait associated with schizophrenia, but not with the major affective disorders. The mechanisms by which lithium carbonate impairs pursuit are discussed. PMID- 3919685 TI - Comprehensive Blood Bank Survey. AB - Approximately 2,400 laboratories participated in the 1982 Comprehensive Blood Bank Survey of the College of American Pathologists. Fourteen Referee Laboratories were utilized to validate the results of participants and to assure lack of deterioration of the specimens during shipment. Results of the participants in ABO grouping, Rh D typing, special antigen typing, and antibody detection and identification are reported and discussed. Special ungraded studies, which provided additional challenges, and supplementary questions with the responses of participants are also included. PMID- 3919686 TI - Electronic blood cell counters. Faulty calibration due to type and amount of anticoagulant in collection tubes. AB - Electronic blood cell counters calibrated for mean corpuscular volume against normal venous blood collected in K3 EDTA (using a microhematocrit centrifuge) consistently yielded unacceptable data when used to assay commercial control materials. After recalibration using samples collected in Na2 EDTA acceptable results were obtained. Both types of sample tubes probably contained excess anticoagulant, and plasma was hypertonic in both. However, blood collected in Na2 EDTA had a lower pH, and the consequent swelling of RBCs due to a low pH compensated for osmotically induced shrinkage when microhematocrit values were measured. PMID- 3919687 TI - HLA antigens. PMID- 3919688 TI - Microbial colonization in a new intensive care burn unit. A prospective cohort study. AB - Renovation of an existing intensive care burn facility required closure for ten months. An interim eight-bed open intensive care ward (B) was established in a burn convalescence ward. The renovated unit (A) contained nine single-bed intensive care rooms and seven intermediate-level care beds in four rooms. Patients admitted to unit A were treated as a cohort. The first 25 admissions to unit A and the last 25 admissions to ward B meeting the inclusion criteria were compared. Microbial colonization was monitored by a fixed protocol of admission and multiple weekly sputum, wound, stool, and urine cultures. During intensive care, both cohorts exhibited the same incidence of gram-negative wound, sputum, and urine colonization. Occurrence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was the same. No evidence of bacterial cross-contamination was observed between A and B. A continuation of Providencia stuartii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (type 15) endemics occurred in B. The collected data demonstrate that the A cohort was colonized with new, similar but distinct gram-negative organisms and indicate that cohort separation may be a practical way of eliminating endemic resistant gram-negative organisms from burn units. PMID- 3919689 TI - Aristolochic acid is mutagenic and recombinogenic in Drosophila genotoxicity tests. AB - Aristolochic acid (AA) has been tested for genotoxic activity in three different assays with Drosophila melanogaster (i-iii). AA induced sex-linked recessive lethals (i) and chromosome losses (ii) in male germ cells. In a newly developed fast assay with somatic cells of larvae (iii), AA induced mutant single spots as well as twin spots. The data indicate that in addition to the mutagenic activity, AA also possesses recombinogenic activity leading to somatic recombination in mitotically active cells. The experimental labor involved to detect the genotoxic activity of AA was lowest with the somatic cell assay. PMID- 3919690 TI - On the mechanism of the enzyme-inducing action of some heavy metal salts. AB - The effect of Co(NO3)2, CdSO4, NiSO4, ZnSO4, and HgCl2 (given repeatedly in subtoxic doses in the drinking water for 30 days) on rat liver monooxygenases was studied in experiments on male Wistar rats. The salts of Co, Cd, and Zn increased the activity of benzphetamine-N-demethylase, the content of cytochrome P-450 and microsomal heme. The data suggest that these salts exert an enzyme-inducing effect on the hepatic monooxygenases. The same metal salts (Co, Cd, and Zn) increased the activity of delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) synthetase and decreased that of heme oxygenase. The increased cytochrome P-450 content is probably due to the increased synthesis and the decreased breakdown of this hemoprotein. HgCl2 and NiSO4 did not exert an enzyme-inducing action. The lack of change in the activity of NADPH-cytochrome c reductase and cytochrome b5 (except for ZnSO4) suggests that these components of the electron transport chain are not likely to be involved in the enzyme-inducing action of the heavy metal salts. PMID- 3919691 TI - Perceptions of selected Arkansas hygienists regarding employment opportunities. PMID- 3919692 TI - The amalgam prep's completed--what's next? PMID- 3919693 TI - Possible valproate teratogenicity. AB - The teratogenic risk of maternal valproic acid therapy and the prenatal effects on growth and morphogenesis have been difficult to determine, in part, because of the small number of epileptic women who receive valproic acid as the sole anticonvulsant therapy. An increased incidence of open neural tube defects has been suggested and other isolated case reports have noted the presence of certain dysmorphic features. We present a patient whose defects in morphogenesis appear to be associated with valproic acid exposure only, and suggest a clinical phenotype that our patient shares with other children exposed to prenatal valproic acid therapy. Features described previously include dysmorphic facies with hypertelorism, prominent forehead, low flat nasal bridge, low-set or odd shaped ears, and micrognathia with growth deficiency of prenatal or postnatal onset. A striking and perhaps unique feature in our patient consists of hypoplasia of the lateral margins of the zygomatic arches. We discuss the pharmacokinetics of valproic acid in pregnancy and in the neonatal period. PMID- 3919694 TI - Comparative in vivo inhibitory effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents on prostaglandin synthesis in rabbit ocular tissues. AB - We have compared the effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs) indomethacin, flurbiprofen, and aspirin administered either intraperitoneally (IP) or topically on rabbit conjunctival and anterior uveal prostaglandin (PG) synthesis. Doses of IP flurbiprofen and aspirin at or above 50 mg/kg almost completely inhibited PG synthesis in the conjunctiva and anterior uvea. Indomethacin at doses up to 100 mg/kg only partially inhibited PG synthesis in rabbit anterior uvea. Although IP flurbiprofen and aspirin were better than IP indomethacin in inhibiting PG synthesis in anterior uvea, 0.5% topical aspirin almost completely inhibited PG synthesis in the conjunctiva and anterior uvea, but 0.5% flurbiprofen and 0.5% indomethacin did not. A lower topical dose (0.01%) of aspirin prevented the production of PGs in the anterior uvea. PMID- 3919695 TI - An improved method for measuring human tear lysozyme concentration. AB - Previously described methods for measuring human tear lysozyme are fraught with shortcomings. A new method has been devised. Tear fluid was collected on Whatman filter paper discs. Each disc was placed in a tightly capped tube containing sodium phosphate buffer. Fluid from each tube was placed directly into a well of the lysozyme immunodiffusion plate. After the precipitation rings had reached maximum size, their diameters were measured. A linear standard curve was constructed, and lysozyme concentration was expressed as micrograms per milliliter. The tear lysozyme concentration was obtained from the standard curve and corrected for the assay dilution factor. The mean tear lysozyme concentration in 15 normal patients was 1.4 +/- 0.5 mg/mL. In ten patients with dry eyes, the mean was 0.7 +/- 0.5 mg/mL. The method used to collect, store, and transport tears is easily performed in the clinic and readily tolerated by patients. The technique of radial immunodiffusion is reliable and simple, compared with other assays. PMID- 3919696 TI - The Prospective Payment System, diagnosis-related groups, and the new world of health care. PMID- 3919697 TI - Intraocular extension of optic nerve meningioma in a case of neurofibromatosis. AB - A case of intraocular extension of primary optic nerve meningioma occurred in a 13-year-old girl with neurofibromatosis. An anomalous disc in the involved blind eye was diagnosed as optic nerve glioma at 2 1/2 years of age. The aggressive nature of meningiomas in the young and the long time period involved account for this rare occurrence of direct intraocular extension. PMID- 3919698 TI - CO2 laser excision of xanthelasma lesions. AB - Xanthelasma of the eyelids traditionally has been treated by excision, followed by suturing of the defect. A new technique of ablating these lesions using a superpulsed CO2 laser was used to treat a series of nine patients with xanthelasma. Advantages of this technique include: (1) superb hemostasis intraoperatively; (2) magnified view of tissue removal, enhancing complete excision; (3) the absence of suturing; (4) the avoidance of reconstructive procedures; and (5) a high degree of patient satisfaction, with minimal or no postoperative pain. PMID- 3919699 TI - Inhalation of carbon dioxide mixtures for sensorineural deafness. Evaluation of a rebreathing method. AB - A laboratory study in 11 healthy subjects was conducted to evaluate the performance of a rebreathing device as a means of raising the effective carbon dioxide level in the inspiratory mixture. In all subjects, there was a sustained rise in end-tidal carbon dioxide levels and a transient rise in end-tidal nitrogen tensions associated with an equivalent fall in end-tidal oxygen levels. Although the rise in end-tidal carbon dioxide tensions was variable, the mean elevation for the 11 subjects (from 36 to 43 mm Hg) was not equivalent to elevations reported to follow inhalation of 5% carbon dioxide mixtures. Nevertheless, the volume of the device was sufficient to cause a marked depression of the end-tidal oxygen level (to 67 mm Hg) in one subject. Despite the simplicity and cost-effectiveness of the rebreathing method, it cannot be recommended in the treatment of sudden or fluctuant sensorineural deafness. PMID- 3919700 TI - Morning pressure in the middle ear. AB - Tympanograms were taken in the early morning in 25 persons with healthy ears. A first tympanogram was obtained shortly after waking up while the subject was still recumbent, and a second tympanogram was taken in the upright position after chewing and swallowing. Positive middle-ear pressure was found in a majority of ears, and the pressure was reduced after swallowing. The present results indicate that gas absorption from the middle ear is not important in quantitative terms during sleep. Otherwise the morning pressure would be expected to be negative. Two other experiments showed that the middle-ear pressure increased during shallow "sleep-type" breathing, and decreased during hyperventilation. The present results can be explained by diffusion of carbon dioxide over the middle ear mucosa, the direction of gas transfer being dependent on the breathing pattern. PMID- 3919701 TI - Epidemiological correlates of high density lipoprotein subfractions, apolipoproteins A-I, A-II, and D, and lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase. Effects of smoking, alcohol, and adiposity. AB - Recent data suggest that the protection against ischemic heart disease afforded by high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (C) may be concentrated in the HDL2 subfraction. To examine the behavioral correlates of the HDL subfractions, we recalled 33 men and 17 women of a random sample from the Pacific Northwest Bell Telephone Company Health Survey. Adiposity and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) triglyceride were negatively correlated with HDL2C. Smoking was not correlated with HDL2C, but was negatively correlated with HDL3C (men, rs = 0.635, p = 0.001; women, rs = -0.534, p = 0.014); this relationship was independent of alcohol consumption, adiposity, and VLDL triglyceride. Alcohol consumption was also more strongly related to HDL3C (men, rs = 0.248, p = 0.082; women, rs = 0.586, p = 0.007). Lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) mass was negatively related with HDL2C, but was positively correlated with HDL3C and apolipoprotein A-II. Smoking was negatively correlated with LCAT mass. Since it is believed that HDL3C is not associated with the risk of ischemic heart disease and since both smoking and alcohol consumption may mainly affect HDL3C, the current study suggests that the increase in risk of ischemic heart disease with smoking and the possible decrease with alcohol consumption may be mediated through mechanisms other than their effects on HDLC. PMID- 3919702 TI - A misconception of motion sickness leads to false therapeutic expectations. AB - The emetic chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ), located in the area postrema of the medulla oblongata, is generally believed to be indispensable for the vomiting in motion sickness and, by extrapolation, also in space sickness. Accordingly, it has been postulated that a "motion vomiting substance" is secreted into the cerebrospinal fluid in the emetic process. Furthermore, certain therapeutic measures against motion sickness are aimed at preventing the presumed chemical stimulation of the CTZ. This concept originated from laboratory experiments in which ablation of the area postrema protected some dogs and monkeys against motion-induced vomiting. More recent experiments, however, showed that verified lesions of the area postrema were not effective in preventing motion sickness in cats. It appears that an indispensable unidentified element close to but separate from the area postrema was fortuitously destroyed in the earlier experiments. The overall evidence leads to the conclusion that the area postrema is not essential for motion-induced vomiting. Therefore, no functional basis exists for the postulation of a motion vomiting substance, and it is irrational for the treatment of motion sickness to seek pharmacologic blocking agents that act at the CTZ. PMID- 3919703 TI - Dexamethasone increases UDP-glucuronyltransferase activity towards bilirubin, oestradiol and testosterone in foetal liver from rhesus monkey during late gestation. AB - We previously showed that in perinatal rhesus monkeys hepatic UDP glucuronyltransferase activities appear to develop differentially in two clusters, analogous to those of the rat. We demonstrate here that hepatic UDP glucuronyltransferase activities differ between the rat and the rhesus monkey in their response to glucocorticoids. Treatment of pregnant rhesus monkeys with dexamethasone during late gestation increases UDP-glucuronyltransferase activities towards bilirubin, oestradiol and testosterone in the foetal-liver microsomal fraction to 25, 4 and 4 times their low control values respectively. Analogous dexamethasone treatment in rat fails to increase these activities significantly in the foetal liver. These findings suggest that maternal glucocorticoid therapy in late gestation could greatly increase the newborn primate's capacity to glucuronidate bilirubin. PMID- 3919704 TI - Limited proteolysis of the pyruvate dehydrogenase multienzyme complex of Bacillus subtilis. AB - Limited digestion of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex of Bacillus subtilis with either trypsin or chymotrypsin at 0 degrees C inhibited its ability to decarboxylate pyruvate and 2-oxoisovalerate oxidatively, without causing disassembly of the complex. The proteinases selectively cleaved the E1 alpha subunits to form two fragments of Mr 31500 and approx. 9500, as judged by sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis, both fragments remaining bound to the complex. Trypsin also caused a much slower cleavage of the E2 subunits, to form a fragment of apparent Mr 34000. The inhibition of overall dehydrogenase-complex activity was accompanied by the apparent loss of the pyruvate-driven and 2-oxoisovalerate-driven E1 activities, which was found to be due to a large increase in the Km for the 2-oxo acids: this change was correlated with the cleavage of the E1 alpha subunit. PMID- 3919705 TI - Ca2+-dependent activation of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase by vasopressin in isolated hepatocytes. AB - Vasopressin stimulated gluconeogenesis from proline in hepatocytes from starved rats; this was attributed to an activation of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.4.2) [Staddon & McGivan (1984) Biochem. J. 217, 477-483]. The role of Ca2+ in the activation mechanism was investigated. (1) In the absence of extracellular Ca2+, vasopressin caused a stimulation of gluconeogenesis and a decrease in cell oxoglutarate content that were markedly transient when compared with the effects in the presence of Ca2+. (2) Ca2+ added to cells stimulated for 2 min by vasopressin in the absence of extracellular Ca2+ sustained the initial effects of vasopressin. Ca2+ added 15 min after vasopressin, a time at which both the rate of gluconeogenesis and the cell oxoglutarate content were close to the control values, caused a stimulation of gluconeogenesis and a decrease in cell oxoglutarate content. (3) Under conditions of cell-Ca2+ depletion, vasopressin had no effect on gluconeogenesis or cell oxoglutarate content. (4) Ionophore A23187 stimulated gluconeogenesis and caused a decrease in cell oxoglutarate content, but the phorbol ester 4 beta-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate had no effects. (5) These data suggest that the initial activation of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase by vasopressin is dependent on an intracellular Ca2+ pool and independent of extracellular Ca2+. For activation of a greater duration, a requirement for extracellular Ca2+ occurs. The activation of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase by A23187 is consistent with a mechanism involving Ca2+, but the lack of effect of 4 beta-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate indicates that protein kinase C is not involved in the mechanism of activation by vasopressin. PMID- 3919706 TI - Monoclonal antibodies to a phosphoprotein from chromatin of rat liver. AB - Three monoclonal antibody subclasses (IgG1, IgG2a, and IgM) were raised to the phosphoprotein B2 (Mr 68000, pI6.5-8.2) which has been shown previously to be associated with the nucleosomes of rat liver nuclei. These antibodies do not show any significant cross reactivity with CM-cellulose 'unbound' non-histone chromosomal proteins, bovine serum albumin or histones. Further verification of the specificity of these antibodies to this phosphoprotein was carried out using both 'dot' blot and immunological transfer analysis ('Western blot'). The monoclonal antibodies (IgG1 and IgG2a) could also be used to semi-quantify the phosphoprotein B2 in rat liver nuclei. The high specificity and unlimited availability of this type of probe provides a means to study the role(s) of this phosphoprotein in the overall scheme of actively transcribed chromatin. PMID- 3919708 TI - Translocation of mycobacillin synthetase in Bacillus subtilis. AB - The extracellular release of mycobacillin from Bacillus subtilis first occurred in the medium at the onset of stationary phase and continued at a high rate even after 6 days. Mycobacillin synthetase activity appeared earlier than late exponential phase in the cytosol of producer cells and was not sedimentable even at 105 000 g. The activity then quickly reached the maximum late in the stationary phase. With further increase in the age of the culture, the activity gradually disappeared from the cytosol, to reappear concomitantly in the membrane in an insoluble particulate form, even in absence of protein synthesis. The membrane-bound synthetase activity was sedimentable at 10 000 g and was fairly active even after 5 days. PMID- 3919707 TI - Chondrocyte-mediated depletion of articular cartilage proteoglycans in vitro. AB - The degradation of proteoglycan was examined in cultured slices of pig articular cartilage. Pig leucocyte catabolin (10 ng/ml) was used to stimulate the chondrocytes and induce a 4-fold increase in the rate of proteoglycan loss from the matrix for 4 days. Material in the medium of both control and depleted cultures was mostly a degradation product of the aggregating proteoglycan. It was recovered as a very large molecule slightly smaller than the monomers extracted with 4M-guanidinium chloride and lacked a functional hyaluronate binding region. The size and charge were consistent with a very limited cleavage or conformational change of the core protein near the hyaluronate binding region releasing the C-terminal portion of the molecule intact from the aggregate. The 'clipped' monomer diffuses very rapidly through the matrix into the medium. The amount of proteoglycan extracted with 4M-guanidinium chloride decreased during culture from both the controls and depleted cartilage, and the average size of the molecules initially remained the same. However, the proportion of molecules with a smaller average size increased with time and was predominant in explants that had lost more than 70% of their proteoglycan. All of this material was able to form aggregates when mixed with hyaluronate, and glycosaminoglycans were the same size and charge as normal, indicating either that the core protein had been cleaved in many places or that larger molecules were preferentially released. A large proportion of the easily extracted and non-extractable proteoglycan remained in the partially depleted cartilage and the molecules were the same size and charge as those found in the controls. There was no evidence of detectable glycosidase activity and only very limited sulphatase activity. A similar rate of breakdown and final distribution pattern was found for newly synthesized proteoglycan. Increased amounts of latent neutral metalloproteinases and acid proteinase activities were present in the medium of depleted cartilage. These were not thought to be involved in the breakdown of proteoglycan. Increased release of proteoglycan ceased within 24h of removal of the catabolin, indicating that the effect was reversible and persisted only while the stimulus was present. PMID- 3919709 TI - Accumulation of ornithine decarboxylase-antizyme complex in HMOA cells. AB - A new method was developed for the assay of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) antizyme complex, in which alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO)-inactivated ODC was used to release active ODC competitively from the complex. ODC-antizyme complex was present in the extracts of hepatoma tissue-culture (HTC) cells and of ODC-stabilized variant HMOA cells, in much larger amounts in the latter. Cellular amounts of the complex fluctuated after a change of medium in a similar manner in HTC and HMOA cells, increasing during the period of ODC decay. After treatment with cycloheximide, the decay of ODC-antizyme complex in HMOA cells was more rapid than the decay of free ODC, but it was much slower than the decay of free ODC or complexed ODC in HTC cells. Administration of putrescine caused a rapid increase in the amount of ODC-antizyme complex in both HTC and HMOA cells, but nevertheless the decay of total ODC (free ODC plus ODC-antizyme complex) was more rapid with putrescine than with cycloheximide. These results suggested the possibility that ODC is degraded through complex-formation with antizyme. In contrast with complexed antizyme, free antizyme was not stabilized in HMOA cells. PMID- 3919710 TI - Phospholipid biosynthesis in human platelets. The acylation of lyso-platelet activating factor. AB - Acyl-CoA:1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine acyltransferase of human platelets is membrane-bound, has a pH optimum of 7.5, is insensitive to 1 mM-Mg2+, is inhibited by 1 mM-Ca2+, and is stimulated slightly by 1 mM-EDTA. Maximal formation of 1-alkyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is observed at 150 microM 1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine and 20 microM unsaturated fatty acyl-CoA. The transfer of unsaturated fatty acyl groups to 1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is 3-14 times slower than to 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine. The CoA esters of linoleate and arachidonate, two unsaturated fatty acyl groups commonly found in platelet phospholipids, are the preferred fatty acyl group donors. PMID- 3919711 TI - Evidence for glucose-mediated covalent cross-linking of collagen after glycosylation in vitro. AB - Rabbit forelimb tendons incubated for 15 or 21 days at 35 degrees C in the presence of 8 or 24 mg of glucose/ml were shown to change their chemical, biochemical and mechanical characteristics. The tendons treated with glucose contained up to three times as much hexosyl-lysine and hexosylhydroxylysine as did control tendons as judged by assay of NaB3H4-reduced samples. Measurement of the force generated on thermal contraction showed significant increases in glycosylated tendons compared with controls, indicating the formation of new covalent stabilizing bonds. This conclusion was supported by the decreased solubility of intact tendons and re-formed fibres glycosylated in vitro, and by the evidence from peptide maps of CNBr-digested glucose-incubated tendons. The latter, when compared with peptide maps of control tendons, revealed the presence of additional high-Mr peptide material. These peptides appear to be cross-linked by a new type of covalent bond stable to mild thermal and chemical treatment. This system in vitro provides a readily controlled model for the study of the chemistry of changes brought about in collagen by non-enzymic glycosylation in diabetes. PMID- 3919712 TI - Quantitative analysis of intermediary metabolism in hepatocytes incubated in the presence and absence of glucagon with a substrate mixture containing glucose, ribose, fructose, alanine and acetate. AB - Hepatocytes were isolated from the livers of fed rats and incubated, in the presence and absence of 100 nM-glucagon, with a substrate mixture containing glucose (10 mM), fructose (4 mM), alanine (3.5 mM), acetate (1.25 mM), and ribose (1 mM). In any given incubation one substrate was labelled with 14C. Incorporation of 14C into glucose, glycogen, CO2, lactate, alanine, glutamate, lipid glycerol and fatty acids was measured after 20 and 40 min of incubation under quasi-steady-state conditions [Borowitz, Stein & Blum (1977) J. Biol. Chem. 252, 1589-1605]. These data and the measured O2 consumption were analysed with the aid of a structural metabolic model incorporating all reactions of the glycolytic, gluconeogenic, and pentose phosphate pathways, and associated mitochondrial and cytosolic reactions. A considerable excess of experimental measurements over independent flux parameters and a number of independent measurements of changes in metabolite concentrations allowed for a stringent test of the model. A satisfactory fit to the data was obtained for each condition. Significant findings included: control cells were glycogenic and glucagon-treated cells glycogenolytic during the second interval; an ordered (last in, first out) model of glycogen degradation [Devos & Hers (1979) Eur. J. Biochem. 99, 161-167] was required in order to fit the experimental data; the pentose shunt contributed approx. 15% of the carbon for gluconeogenesis in both control and glucagon treated cells; net flux through the lower Embden-Meyerhof pathway was in the glycolytic direction except during the 20-40 min interval in glucagon-treated cells; the increased gluconeogenesis in response to glucagon was correlated with a decreased pyruvate kinase flux and lactate output; fluxes through pyruvate kinase, pyruvate carboxylase, and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase were not coordinately controlled; Krebs cycle activity did not change with glucagon treatment; flux through the malic enzyme was towards pyruvate formation except for control cells during interval II; and 'futile' cycling at each of the five substrate cycles examined (including a previously undescribed cycle at acetate/acetyl-CoA) consumed about 26% of cellular ATP production in control hepatocytes and 21% in glucagon-treated cells. PMID- 3919714 TI - Evidence of tyrosine kinase activity in the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodospirillum rubrum. AB - The photosynthetic bacterium Rohodospirillum rubrum evidenced tyrosine protein phosphorylation under photoautotrophic conditions in the presence of [32P]Pi. The stability to alkaline treatment of the [32P] bound to the cell-free extract proteins suggested that tyrosine residues were carrying the labelling. One- and two-dimensional high voltage paper electrophoresis analysis revealed that such extracts do contain [32P]-phosphotyrosine residues. Furthermore, the association of alkali stable [32P] bound to specific proteins of the cell-free extract was confirmed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis combined with KOH treatment of the gel. A definite argument in favor of protein kinase(s) phosphorylating tyrosine residues in R.rubrum proteins was obtained by partial purification of a tyrosine kinase activity from cell-free extract capable of phosphorylating synthetic peptides that only contain a single tyrosine residue as phosphate acceptor. PMID- 3919713 TI - Reverse-phase h.p.l.c. separation, quantification and preparation of bilirubin and its conjugates from native bile. Quantitative analysis of the intact tetrapyrroles based on h.p.l.c. of their ethyl anthranilate azo derivatives. AB - We describe a facile and sensitive reverse-phase h.p.l.c. method for analytical separation of biliary bile pigments and direct quantification of unconjugated bilirubin (UCB) and its monoglucuronide (BMG) and diglucuronide (BDG) conjugates in bile. The method can be 'scaled up' for preparative isolation of pure BDG and BMG from pigment-enriched biles. We employed an Altex ultrasphere ODS column in the preparative steps and a Waters mu-Bondapak C18 column in the separatory and analytical procedures. Bile pigments were eluted with ammonium acetate buffer, pH 4.5, and a 20 min linear gradient of 60-100% (v/v) methanol at a flow rate of 2.0 ml/min for the preparative separations and 1.0 ml/min for the analytical separations. Bile pigments were eluted in order of decreasing polarity (glucuronide greater than glucose greater than xylose conjugates greater than UCB) and were chemically identified by t.l.c. of their respective ethyl anthranilate azo derivatives. Quantification of UCB was carried out by using a standard curve relating a range of h.p.l.c. integrated peak areas to concentrations of pure crystalline UCB. A pure crystalline ethyl anthranilate azo derivative of UCB (AZO . UCB) was employed as a single h.p.l.c. reference standard for quantification of BMG and BDG. We demonstrate that: separation and quantification of biliary bile pigments are rapid (approximately 25 min); bile pigment concentrations ranging from 1-500 microM can be determined 'on line' by using 5 microliters of bile without sample pretreatment; bilirubin conjugates can be obtained preparatively in milligram quantities without degradation or contamination by other components of bile. H.p.l.c. analyses of a series of mammalian biles show that biliary UCB concentrations generally range from 1 to 17 microM. These values are considerably lower than those estimated previously by t.l.c. BMG is the predominant, if not exclusive, bilirubin conjugate in the biles of a number of rodents (guinea pig, hamster, mouse, prairie dog) that are experimental models of both pigment and cholesterol gallstone formation. Conjugated bilirubins in the biles of other animals (human, monkey, pony, cat, rat and dog) are chemically more diverse and include mono-, di- and mixed disconjugates of glucuronic acid, xylose and glucose in proportions that give distinct patterns for each species. PMID- 3919715 TI - Heterologous hybridization of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO) restores the enzyme activities. AB - The catalytic core (A8) and small subunit (B) of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO) were isolated from two species of cyanobacteria (Aphanothece halophytica and Synechococcus ACMM 323) as well as from the photosynthetic purple sulfur bacterium, Chromatium vinosum. The subunit B is essential for the activity of all three enzymes. The heterologous hybridization of RuBisCO molecules from the three organisms was attempted and the reconstitution of the catalytically active hybrid was achieved between A8 derived from either Aphanothece or Synechococcus and subunit B from Aphanothece, Synechococcus or Chromatium. However, reconstitution of the enzymically active hybrid between A8 from Chromatium and B subunits from the cyanobacteria could not be achieved. Experiments by using high performance liquid column chromatography also showed the formation of a heterologous hybrid possessing RuBP carboxylase activity. PMID- 3919716 TI - Protein phosphorylation of beta-glucuronidase in human lung cancer- identification of serine- and threonine-phosphates. AB - Slices of human lung cancer tissue were incubated with [32P]-orthophosphoric acid, and the radiolabeled beta-glucuronidase was isolated by a procedure including immunoaffinity chromatography on anti-human liver beta-glucuronidase IgG Sepharose. Following removal of endo-beta-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase H releasable carbohydrate portions of the enzyme, the protein moiety was acid hydrolyzed. Two-dimensional separation of the hydrolysate identified phosphoserine and phosphothreonine. This is the first demonstration of protein phosphorylation in lysosomal beta-glucuronidase. PMID- 3919717 TI - Isolation and partial characterization of a rifampicin induced rabbit liver microsomal cytochrome P-450. AB - Rifampicin administration to New Zealand male rabbits increased the concentration of an LM3 form of cytochrome P-450 to up to 30% of the microsomal P-450 concentration. This enzyme was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity with a yield of 8% of the original total microsomal P-450 concentration. Isolated as a low spin hemoprotein in its substrate free oxidized form, it displays in its reduced CO-complexed form an absorption maximum at 449 nm. Immunological assays, as well as activity measurements, in particular its stereospecific progesterone hydroxylation in the 6 beta-position, show a relationship between LM3,Rif and LM3c (from untreated rabbits). PMID- 3919718 TI - Complete amino acid sequence of a unique protein related to the variable domain of lambda light chain from a case with Fanconi syndrome. AB - The complete amino acid sequence has been determined of a unique protein from a 55-years-old female with multiple myeloma associated with Fanconi syndrome. It existed in a monomer form with an apparent molecular weight of 10K daltons, and was consisted of 106 amino acid residues. The sequence was characteristic of the V-region of lambda light chains and was highly homologous with that of the first 106 residues of V lambda III subgroup. The presence of an intact light chain as well as a 13K daltons fragment, corresponding to the entire C-region, strongly suggests that the unique component is a catabolic product from the intact light chain rather than an aberrant product of synthesis. PMID- 3919719 TI - Identification of distinct hepatic and pulmonary forms of microsomal flavin containing monooxygenase in the mouse and rabbit. AB - The flavin-containing monooxygenase has been purified from mouse and rabbit lung microsomes and shown to be distinct from the flavin-containing monooxygenase found in the liver of the same species. The mouse and rabbit lung monooxygenases have a unique ability to N-oxidize the primary aliphatic amine, n-octylamine, commonly included in microsomal incubations to inhibit cytochrome P-450. In the mouse lung, this compound not only serves as a substrate but is also a positive effector of metabolism. The mouse and rabbit lung enzymes have unusual pH optimum, near 9.8, compared to the liver enzymes which have peaks near pH 8.8. Using antibodies raised in goats, Ouchterlony immunodiffusion analysis indicates that the liver and lung proteins are immunochemically dissimilar. PMID- 3919720 TI - A new method for rapid assignment of S-S bridges in proteins. AB - A new method for complementing existing protein chemical techniques for the assignment of S-S bridge positions in amino-acid sequences is described. The principle of the method is the direct examination of the masses of protein fragments, obtained by chemical or enzymatic degradation. Proteins are digested under conditions known to minimise disulphide reduction and reshuffling, and the unfractionated digest is examined directly by high field magnet (or other high mass) fast atom bombardment or Californium mass spectrometry. Disulphide linked peptides are identified from their unique masses, and by comparison with the spectrum of digested and reduced samples in which the signal corresponding to the S-S linked peptide(s) is replaced by two signals corresponding to the respective thiol peptide components, if INTER-bridged, or shifted by two mass units (dithiol) if INTRA-bridged. This rapid procedure has considerable potential in assisting with studies on the primary structure of proteins, in crystallographic studies and the monitoring of denaturation/renaturation of recombinant proteins. PMID- 3919721 TI - Cloning and expression of the Escherichia coli D-xylose isomerase gene in Bacillus subtilis. AB - A DNA fragment containing the Escherichia coli D-xylose isomerase gene and D xylulokinase gene had been isolated from an E. coli genomic bank constructed by Clarke and Carbon. The D-xylose isomerase gene coding for the synthesis of an important industrial enzyme, xylose isomerase, was subcloned into a Bacillus-E. coli bifunctional plasmid. It was found that the intact E. coli gene was not expressed in B. subtilis, a host traditionally used to produce industrial enzymes. An attempt was then made to express the E. coli gene in B. subtilis by fusion of the E. coli xylose isomerase structural gene downstream to the promoter of the penicillinase gene isolated from Bacillus licheniformis. Two such fused genes were constructed and they were found able to be expressed in both B. subtilis and E. coli. PMID- 3919722 TI - Glycogen synthase in prenatal rat liver. AB - Glycogen synthase first appears in significant levels in fetal rat liver on day 18 of gestation (22 day term), but in a mostly inactive, phospho- form. This was reflected in a decreased affinity for its allosteric activator (increased A0.5 for glucose-6-phosphate), and with limited glycogen synthesis and accumulation. Peak glycogen synthesis occurs on day 21 of gestation, and glycogen synthase is in a more dephospho-form with decreased A0.5 for G6P and increased -G6P/+G6P activity ratio. The data suggest that a significant change in phosphorylation state of synthase occurs in late gestation to facilitate the large increase in glycogen synthesis and accumulation. PMID- 3919723 TI - Metallothioneins and resistance to cadmium poisoning in Drosophila cells. AB - Toxicity of cadmium on Drosophila cell lines has been studied. Maximal tolerance for cadmium chloride is 10 microM. Metallothioneins are induced in Drosophila cells following cadmium addition. A stable cadmium resistant cell line (Cd R200) has been selected starting from the haploid D clone. The Cd R200 cells are diploid and display metallothionein levels 22 times higher than cells of the original line fully induced with cadmium. The 200 microM CdCl2 tolerance upper limit in Cd R200 line is overcome if L-cysteine is supplemented to the medium. It is thus possible, in the presence of 5 mM L-cysteine, to select cells able to resist 800 microM CdCl2. These cells produce 4 times more metallothioneins than Cd R200 cells. PMID- 3919724 TI - Characterization of proteolytic systems in human and rat urine. AB - Activities of proteolytic enzymes were detected in rat and human urine by using [125 l] iodo-insulin B chain as a substrate. The pH optimum of human urine activity was in the acidic range (pH 2.0) whereas the rat urine had two pH optima, one at the acidic range similar to human urine and another at pH 7.5. The activities were linear with time and amount of enzyme. Study with various proteinase inhibitors revealed that the acidic pH activities of human and rat urine were apparently of carboxyl endopeptidases since they were totally inhibited by pepstatin 10-8M. The neutral pH proteolysis of rat urine was inhibited by chelating agents and therefore it was considered as a metalloendopeptidase activity. These findings show the difference between the content of urinary proteolytic enzymes in humans and in rats by using a sensitive and simple radioactive assay. PMID- 3919725 TI - Membrane-bound lipoxygenase of rat cerebral microvessels. AB - The microvessels isolated from rat cerebral cortex has arachidonate lipoxygenase activity, which was not due to possible contamination of the platelets. The major product was identified to be 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid. After homogenization and sonication of the microvessel preparations, the lipoxygenase activity was recovered both in the membrane- and the cytosol-fractions, whereas that in the platelets was recovered in the cytosol fraction. Membrane-bound lipoxygenase of the microvessels has apparent Km value of 3.8 microM for arachidonic acid, which was corresponded to 1/5 of that in the platelet enzyme. Microvessel lipoxygenase was inhibited by nordihydroguaiaretic acid but not by indomethacin. PMID- 3919726 TI - Suppression of cholesteryl ester accumulation in cultured human monocyte-derived macrophages by lipoxygenase inhibitors. AB - Atherosclerotic lesions and xanthomas are characterized by the occurrence of cholesteryl ester (CE)-laden foam cells, which partly originate from macrophages. Little is known about the role of cyclo-oxygenase or lipoxygenase metabolites of arachidonic acid in the development of foam cells. In this study we investigated the influence of prostaglandins and inhibitors of the cyclo-oxygenase or the lipoxygenase pathway on CE accumulation in cultured human monocyte-derived macrophages. Accumulation of CE was achieved by incubation of the cells with acetylated low density lipoprotein (AcLDL). The stable prostacyclin analogue ZK 36 374 and prostaglandin E2 showed no effect on cellular CE storage. Similarly, the cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor indomethacin failed to influence AcLDL-induced CE accumulation. By contrast, however, the inhibitors of lipoxygenase activity nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) and BW 755 C markedly suppressed the accumulation of CE in monocyte-derived macrophages. The inhibitory effect of NDGA was dose-dependent. Incubation of the cells with the anti-oxidant vitamin E gave no significant reduction of CE accumulation. Our results indicate that inhibition of the lipoxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism in cultured monocyte derived macrophages effectively decreases the rate of experimentally-induced CE accumulation. PMID- 3919727 TI - CoA-independent transfer of arachidonic acid from 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3 phosphocholine to 1-O-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (lyso platelet-activating factor) by macrophage microsomes. AB - Macrophage microsomes catalyzed the transfer of arachidonic acid (20:4) from 1,2 diacyl-glycerophosphocholine (GPC) to 1-alkyl-GPC (lyso platelet-activating factor). This enzyme reaction did not require the presence of cofactors such as Co A. Free arachidonic acid or linoleic acid-labeled phospholipids failed to act as the acyl donor. These results suggest that the reaction is a CoA-independent direct transfer of arachidonic acid. This arachidonoyl transacylation system may play a very important role in the metabolism of lyso platelet-activating factor and also in the elimination or release of arachidonic acid from diacyl-GPC. PMID- 3919728 TI - Detection of repair of chemical-induced DNA damage in vivo by the nucleoid sedimentation assay. AB - The nucleoid sedimentation assay was used to study chemical-induced DNA repair in vivo. Nucleoid bodies were prepared from liver and lung of mice at various times after i.p. treatment with 1-methyl-1-nitrosourea or 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide. Both carcinogens induced a dose-dependent loss in negative DNA supercoiling in liver and lung. The rate of DNA repair of 1-methyl-1-nitrosourea was similar in liver and lung whereas 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide-induced DNA damage was repaired faster in lung than in liver. Results obtained by the nucleoid sedimentation technique corresponded to measurements of DNA repair by unscheduled DNA synthesis. The nucleoid sedimentation assay should be a useful tool to examine in vivo repair of chemical-induced DNA lesions in various tissues of laboratory animals. PMID- 3919729 TI - Amino acid sequence of COOH-terminal 20K Da fragment from pig liver microsomal NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase. AB - We have determined the complete amino acid sequence of a 20K Da COOH-terminal fragment of porcine NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase. The 20K Da fragment is probably produced by a proteolytic cleavage of the intact protein in porcine liver microsomes, and since the cleavage does not affect enzymatic activity, the fragment has been studied as a distinct domain. The sequence comprises 175 amino acids including three cysteine residues, one of which has been previously identified as protected by NADPH from S-carboxymethylation. The NADPH-protected cysteine lies in a stretch of 12 residues with partial homology to glutathione reductase, and is adjacent to a hydrophobic region containing a glycine-rich stretch homologous to other FAD-containing proteins. The predicted secondary structure over this entire region is beta-sheet/beta-turn/beta-sheet/alpha helix/beta-sheet/beta-turn/alpha-h elix corresponding to hydrophobic residues 21 28/glycine-rich residues 29-33/residues 34-38/residues 39-54/residues 56-61/NADPH protected cysteine residues 62-78/residues 71-82. It is possible that the 20K Da domain provided a significant portion of the sequence responsible for binding FAD and NADPH in the intact enzyme. This data provides a basis for further active site studies. PMID- 3919730 TI - Pertussis toxin treatment modifies opiate action in the rat brain striatum. AB - In this report we present evidence that a guanine nucleotide regulatory protein, Gi, mediates opiate action in the rat brain striatum. Opiates inhibit basal adenylate cyclase activity in rat brain striatum. This effect on adenylate cyclase is dose-dependently attenuated by pretreatment of membranes with pertussis toxin, which ADP-ribosylates a protein with a molecular mass of 41,000 daltons. This protein co-migrates with the GTP-binding subunit of Gi, which mediates inhibition of adenylate cyclase. Several brain regions were compared for the extent of radiolabeling and effects on adenylate cyclase activity. Although Gi was found in each region examined, opiate inhibition of adenylate cyclase is clearly seen only in the striatum. PMID- 3919731 TI - Poly (ADP-ribosyl)ation of RNA polymerase II from wheat germ. AB - Wheat germ RNA polymerase II is poly (ADP-ribosyl)ated in vitro by poly (ADP ribose) synthetase purified from bovine thymus. RNA polymerase activity is decreased by 40% by the modification in conventional assays. PMID- 3919732 TI - Cell proliferation and cell cycle dependent changes in the methylthioadenosine phosphorylase activity in mammalian cells. AB - The objective of this study is to investigate the activity of methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTA-Pase) in mammalian cells stimulated by serum to proliferate and during their cell cycle. A direct correlation between growth rate and MTA Pase activity in chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells was observed. High MTA-Pase activity was observed during the exponential growth phase followed by a low enzyme activity during plateau phase of growth. To understand whether the fluctuations in the enzyme activity was cell cycle dependent, initially the activity of MTA-Pase was studied in plateau phase (G0) CHO cells as they synchronously go into S phase upon plating in fresh medium. The MTA-Pase activity in G0 cells before initiation of growth was 10.3 n.mol/mg protein/30'. A peak activity of 16.0 n.mol/mg/30 min was found at 12 hr after stimulation of proliferation by serum. These results indicate a peak MTA-Pase activity between 10-12 hr after stimulation of proliferation coinciding with the initiation of DNA synthesis. The activity of the enzyme slowly decreased as the cells completed their DNA synthesis. To understand whether these fluctuations are cell cycle specific, HeLa cells were synchronized in different phases and MTA-Pase activity was studied. The specific activities of the enzyme were 2.76, 2.99, 3.97, 3.28 and 3.65 n.moles/mg/30 min. in mitosis, early G1, late G1, S and G2 phases of the cell cycle respectively. These results indicate that MTA-Pase activity peaks in late G1 phase before the initiation of DNA synthesis, similar to the polyamine biosynthetic enzymes and might play a role in the initiation of DNA synthesis by salvage of adenine into nucleotide pools. PMID- 3919733 TI - Membrane bound cytochrome P-450 determines the optimal temperatures of NADPH cytochrome P-450 reductase and cytochrome P-450-linked monooxygenase reactions in rat and trout hepatic microsomes. AB - The hepatic monooxygenase systems largely responsible for the biotransformation of drugs and other xenobiotics are comprised of NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase and multiple forms of cytochrome P-450. Optimal temperatures for these systems in the trout and rat are 26 degrees and 37 degrees, respectively. Purified trout and rat reductases are optimally functional at 26 degrees and 37 degrees, respectively, when added to trout and rat microsomes. However, rat reductase was shown to function optimally at 26 degrees when added to trout microsomes and trout reductase functioned optimally at 37 degrees when added to rat microsomes. Corresponding shifts in optimal temperatures of cytochrome P-450-linked 0 deethylation of 7-ethoxycoumarin occurred when these reductases were added to rat or trout microsomes. It is proposed that the phospholipid annulus surrounding the active site of membrane-bound cytochrome P-450 determines the optimal temperature of cytochrome P-450 systems. PMID- 3919734 TI - gamma-Interferon stimulates production of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 by normal human macrophages. AB - We show for the first time that normal human pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAM) markedly enhance their basal rate of the production of [3H]-1,25(OH)2D3 when cultured in the presence of recombinant gamma-interferon (gamma-IFN). The rate of conversion of [3H]-25(OH)D3 to [3H]-1,25(OH)2D3 was dose-dependent in a linear fashion. A maximal production of 1,25(OH)2D3 by PAM occurred after exposure of PAM to gamma-IFN for one day. This maximum plateau-level was sustained for at least five days. The authenticity of the putative 1,25(OH)2D3 obtained from PAM was tested by demonstrating the exact comigration of [3H]-1,25(OH)2D3 with chemically synthesized 1,25(OH)2D3 in four different HPLC-systems. PMID- 3919735 TI - Increase in 12-lipoxygenase activity in platelets of spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - 12-Lipoxygenase activity in platelets of spontaneously hypertensive rats was investigated. Enzyme activity was measured in the absence and the presence of reduced glutathione. In both assay conditions, 12-lipoxygenase activity in platelets of spontaneously hypertensive rats was significantly higher than that in platelets of normotensive rats. Since 12-L-hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE), a 12-lipoxygenase product of arachidonic acid in platelets, has been reported to be a potent chemoattractant for aortic smooth muscle cells, increase in biosynthesis of 12-HETE in platelets of spontaneously hypertensive rats might contribute to the explanation of pathogenesis of vascular disorder commonly found in hypertension patients. PMID- 3919736 TI - Enzyme replacement with liposomes containing beta-galactosidase from Charonia lumpas in murine globoid cell leukodystrophy (twitcher). AB - Enzyme replacement with liposomes containing beta-galactosidase obtained from charonia lumpas was carried out in murine globoid cell leukodystrophy (GLD). Charonia lumpas beta-galactosidase was able to hydrolyze galactocerebroside trapped into liposomes prepared from lecithin, cholesterol and sulfatide (molar ratio; 7:2:1). Liposomes containing charonia lumpas beta-galactosidase were successfully incorporated into the mouse tissues. 3H-galactocerebroside labeled liposomes were also incorporated into mouse liver, spleen and other tissues. The accumulation rate of 3H-galactocerebroside into twithcer mice liver and spleen was almost 40 to 100 times higher than those of controls and degraded to 70 to 80% of accumulated radioactivity of 3H-galactocerebroside by single injection of liposomes containing charonia lumpas beta-galactosidase. Results suggest that exogeneous enzyme trapped in liposomes can be useful for the correction of accumulated compound. PMID- 3919737 TI - Separation of different UDP glucuronosyltransferase activities according to charge heterogeneity by chromatofocusing using mouse liver microsomes. Three major types of aglycones. AB - Hepatic UDP glucuronosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.17) (GT) enzymes in control, phenobarbital- and 3-methylcholanthrene-induced microsomes from C57BL/6N mice have been fractionated according to charge heterogeneity on a chromatofocusing system using a pH 9.5 to 6 gradient. Transferase activities for eleven different substrates were determined on column fractions. Activities toward 3 hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene, phenolphthalein and estrone (type 1 substrates) were enhanced by both effector compounds and always eluted primarily at pH 8.5. In control and phenobarbital-induced microsomes, activities toward testosterone, 4 hydroxybiphenyl, morphine, naphthol and 9-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene (type 2 substrates) eluted primarily at about pH 6.7. Activities toward p-nitrophenol, 4 methylumbelliferone and 2-hydroxybiphenyl (type 3 substrates) in control and phenobarbital-induced microsomes exhibited two peaks which eluted at pH 8.5 and 6.7. 3-Methylcholanthrene treatment increased almost exclusively activities which eluted at pH 8.5 for each of the three types of substrates. The pH value of elution corresponds to the approximate isoelectric point of the eluted protein. Immunoabsorption studies with an antibody preparation raised against a purified low pI form confirmed that a 51,000-dalton transferase form, GTM1, eluted primarily at pH 6.7 and that a 54,000-dalton form, GTM2, eluted at pH 8.5. A mathematical treatment of the ratios of activity after 3-methylcholanthrene treatment to that after phenobarbital treatment versus pH produced six patterns of activity. A minimum of two enzymes at the low pH region and one enzyme at the high pH region, all with broad-substrate specificity, could account for these patterns. PMID- 3919738 TI - Glucuronidation of carcinogenic arylamine metabolites by rat liver microsomes. AB - Since 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF), 4-acetylaminobiphenyl (4-AABP) and 2 aminonaphthalene (2-AN) display varying degrees of carcinogenicity in the rat, which is capable of N-acetylating arylamines, an attempt was made to correlate the difference in carcinogenicity of these compounds with the ease of O glucuronidation of their hydroxamic acids by rat hepatic microsomes, a reaction believed to be a detoxification mechanism. UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity of rat hepatic microsomes was activated by Triton X-100. Glucuronidation by Triton X-100 activated microsomes of the N-hydroxy derivative of 2-AN was approximately 1.5 and 1.8 times faster than the corresponding derivatives of 2 aminofluorene (2-AF) and 4-aminobiphenyl (4-ABP) respectively. However, glucuronidation of the N-hydroxy-N-acetyl derivative of 2-AN was 40 and 17 times faster than the corresponding derivatives of 2-AF and 4-ABP respectively. Aroclor 1254 and 3-methylcholanthrene, but not phenobarbital, acetanilide and butylated hydroxytoluene, induced the enzyme for the glucuronidation of 2-AN derivatives. The present study (1) demonstrates an inverse relationship between the carcinogenicity of 2-AN, 4-AABP and 2-AAF and the ease of glucuronidation of their hydroxamic acid derivatives, and (2) suggests that, in addition to N- and C hydroxylation, glucuronidation may play an important role in determining the carcinogenicity of arylamines and arylacetamides in the rat. PMID- 3919739 TI - Substrain heterogeneity in prostaglandin E2 synthesis of human dermal fibroblasts. Differences in prostaglandin E2 synthetic capacity of substrains are not stimulus-restricted. AB - We examined prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) biosynthetic heterogeneity in fibroblast substrains and possible mechanisms that might mediate this heterogeneity. PGE2 synthesis of fibroblast substrains, in response to phytohemagglutinin-stimulated mononuclear cell supernates, ranged from 9.0 +/- 1.0 ng/ml to 79.3 +/- 7.4 ng/ml (mean +/- SD). The phenotypic behavior of individual substrains was stable. Substrains were also heterogeneous in PGE2 response to phorbol myristate acetate, and displayed stability in this phenotype as well. Substrains which were high responders to mononuclear cell supernate also ranked high in response to phorbol myristate acetate. Similar heterogeneity was observed in response to purified interleukin-1. Arachidonic acid added exogenously did not raise interleukin-1 responsiveness of low-producer substrains to that of high producers, suggesting that differences in PGE2 synthesis among substrains did not reflect differences in substrate availability or phospholipase activity. Supernates of high- and low responder phenotype substrains, when added to cells of the reciprocal strain or to unrelated fibroblasts, did not affect the pattern of PGE2 synthesis. The concordance of substrain responsiveness to mononuclear cell supernate and phorbol myristate acetate suggests that heterogeneity among substrains in PGE2 synthesis is related to the ability to produce PGE2, rather than to the ability to respond to a given mediator. In addition, differences in PGE2 synthesis among substrains do not appear to result from release of regulatory autokines. PMID- 3919740 TI - The effect of 6-OHDA lesions of the lateral septum on schedule-induced polydipsia. AB - In this study the relationship between 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of dopaminergic innervation of the lateral septum and schedule-induced polydipsia was examined. Animals with lesions were found to have a significant increase in water intake during a test involving an intermittent schedule of food delivery. Additional experiments with these animals showed that lesions had no effect on: (i) spontaneous drinking, the amount of drinking after 24 h food or water deprivation, water intake following a hypertonic saline challenge; (ii) eating behavior with or without food deprivation; and (iii) spontaneous locomotor activity. This increase in adjunctive behavior is discussed in the light of an enhanced frustrative effect induced by the septal lesions. PMID- 3919741 TI - The effects of 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the nucleus accumbens and caudate nucleus of rats on feeding in a novel environment. AB - Open field activity and feeding behavior were studied in separate groups of rats 1 or 6 weeks after infusions of the neurotoxin, 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) into the nucleus accumbens or caudate nucleus. These infusions resulted in a specific destruction of the catecholamine innervation of the injected area. When compared with rats which received infusions of vehicle alone, both lesions resulted in a relative reduction in locomotor activity 1 week, but not 6 weeks, after the operation. Both lesions also resulted in a more rapid onset of feeding from wire baskets containing familiar laboratory chow. Rats with lesions of the nucleus accumbens also fed for longer, consumed more food, and fed in longer bouts than did sham-lesioned animals, but rats with lesions of the caudate nucleus did not. These data show changes in feeding behaviour produced by 6-OHDA infusions into the dopamine terminal fields which were long lasting in comparison with the locomotor impairments, and did not arise as a result of locomotor impairment. The differences in feeding behaviour may result from more general changes in behaviour such as an impairment in the reactivity to novel environmental stimuli or switching between types of behaviour. PMID- 3919742 TI - [2-3 diphosphoglycerate and tissue oxygenation in the cirrhotic]. AB - Increased 2-3 Diphosphoglycerate levels in cirrhotic patients have been reported. Previous studies did not show significant changes in 2-3 DPG in anaemic cirrhotic patients when compared to non anaemic cirrhotic patients, but the role played by alkalosis and/or hypoxia has not been investigated. To study this question, haematic 2-3 DPG was measured in 8 male patients with liver cirrhosis (histologically diagnosed) together with PO2, PCO2, pH and Hct. 2-3 DPG was also measured in 6 healthy male volunteers. We found a significant increase in blood 2 3 DPG of cirrhotic patients compared to control subjects (5,55 +/- 0,4 vs 2,18 +/ 0,3 mmol/l erythrocytes respectively, p less than 0,001) in agreement with previous studies. PO2 levels and Hct value did not show important changes, whereas PCO2 and pH resulted to be very altered when compared to normal values, even though we could not correlate these values with blood 2-3 DPG. We conclude that the genesis of 2-3 DPG increase is multifactorial, however an alteration in acid-base equilibrium seems to play a more important role than hypoxia. PMID- 3919743 TI - [Contrasting effects of stimulation of the caudate nucleus and globus pallidus on paroxysmal hippocampal activity in the cat]. AB - The different actions exerted by pallidum and caudate nucleus on electrically induced epileptic activity of hippocampus were analyzed. Caudate appeared to inhibit hippocampal after discharges duration (HAD) while the globus pallidus exerted a facilitatory effect on HAD duration. Both effects were maximal when conditioning stimulation immediately preceded hippocampal test stimulation. The results are discussed considering reciprocal functional connections of the two striatal structures. PMID- 3919744 TI - Deadspace, invasive and non-invasive. PMID- 3919745 TI - Comparison of infusions of morphine and lysine acetyl salicylate for the relief of pain after surgery. AB - The effect of a constant i.v. infusion of lysine acetyl salicylate (LAS) on pain after operation was compared with that of a constant infusion of morphine in 30 patients undergoing unilateral inguinal herniorrhaphy. LAS provided analgesia equivalent to that provided by morphine and was associated with significantly less drowsiness, nausea and vomiting. No patient in either group was noted to suffer from respiratory depression. No untoward side effects were noted during or following the administration of LAS. PMID- 3919746 TI - Comparison of infusions of morphine and lysine acetyl salicylate for the relief of pain following thoracic surgery. AB - A double-blind study comparing the effectiveness of a continuous infusion i.v. of lysine acetyl salicylate (LAS) with an infusion of morphine for the treatment of pain following pulmonary surgery is described. Mean pain scores in the two groups were not significantly different at any stage during the 24-h period of study. LAS was not associated with any significantly greater blood loss in the period after operation. The incidence of drowsiness, nausea and vomiting, and the need for antiemetic medication were similar in both groups. PMID- 3919747 TI - The ventilatory response to carbon dioxide. An analysis of data obtained by the rebreathing method. AB - The ventilatory response to carbon dioxide using the rebreathing method was studied repeatedly in four healthy volunteers. The data were collected and processed in different ways using a microcomputer. Least squares linear regression analysis described the responses almost as accurately as a non-linear second-order polynomial regression. Linear regression analysis was undertaken on VI/PE'CO2 points, first breath-by-breath and then on three different groupings of breaths. The gradients and intercepts obtained by grouping agreed with those from breath-by-breath analysis both for a single response and for the mean result of a number of responses. Grouping tended to increase the correlation coefficient of a response, but widened the statistical confidence limits of the calculated gradient. The performance variability between repeated responses, the same no matter which data points were used, produced a range of gradients for each subject which was larger than the confidence limits on the gradient of a single response. PMID- 3919748 TI - Analyses of the ventilatory response to carbon dioxide. Implications for clinical research. AB - Baseline control estimations of the ventilatory response to carbon dioxide by the rebreathing method were attempted in 92 patients. When analysed retrospectively, only 53 were both technically and statistically satisfactory, although even these gave rise to some doubts. As the breath-by-breath correlation between ventilation (VI) and end-tidal carbon dioxide (PE'CO2) decreased there was a tendency for the gradients to become suspiciously low and for estimates in an individual gradient to become sensitive to the method of analysis. Even so, when responses were grouped according to correlation, the method of analysis did not alter the mean gradient within a group. Single estimates of the carbon dioxide response at each stage of a study may not be a very powerful technique in clinical research; multiple estimates, if they can be arranged, would be more satisfactory. PMID- 3919749 TI - Lack of inhibition of purine nucleoside phosphorylase and adenosine deaminase in patients treated with azathioprine. AB - Deficiency of the purine salvage enzymes purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) and adenosine deaminase (ADA) are known causes of immunodeficiency. Evidence for inhibition of these enzymes was sought in 16 patients on azathioprine therapy by testing for deoxyguanosine (PNP deficiency) and deoxyadenosine (ADA deficiency) in urine using a novel phosphorescence method. These abnormal nucleosides were not found in urine of azathioprine treated patients or in 30 normal controls but were easily detected in urine from proven cases of PNP and ADA deficiency suggesting lack of in vivo inhibition of PNP and ADA by azathioprine. PMID- 3919750 TI - Calcium antagonists stimulate sperm motility in ejaculated human semen. AB - Three calcium antagonists, diltiazem, flunarizine and verapamil stimulated human sperm motility in vitro. Among them, diltiazem induced the largest amplitude of motility increase. The concentration-response curve of diltiazem was similar in shape to those of calcium chelators. EGTA, a calcium chelator, potentiated the stimulatory effect of diltiazem while A23187, a calcium ionophore, antagonized it. These observations supported our previous hypothesis that an increased concentration of calcium ion was detrimental to human sperm motility. Whether calcium antagonists could be used in the treatment of subfertile patients awaits further investigation. PMID- 3919751 TI - Inhibition of food stimulated acid secretion by misoprostol, an orally active synthetic E1 analogue prostaglandin. AB - The effect of 200 micrograms misoprostol (a synthetic prostaglandin E1 analogue) on food stimulated intragastric acidity has been monitored over a 9 h period in 16 normal volunteers. Misoprostol caused a significant inhibition of intragastric acidity for 2 h post-dosing, but no significant effect was seen thereafter on either basal or food stimulated acidity. PMID- 3919752 TI - Flunitrazepam and lormetazepam do not affect the pharmacokinetics of the benzodiazepine antagonist Ro 15-1788. AB - Following a single intravenous dose of 0.1 mg/kg, the pharmacokinetics of Ro 15 1788, a specific benzodiazepine antagonist, have been investigated in 20 healthy male volunteers. In random order injection of Ro 15-1788 has been preceded (5 min) by intravenous dosing with 0.06 mg/kg of lormetazepam (n = 6), 0.03 mg/kg of flunitrazepam (n = 8) or placebo (n = 6). The rapid elimination of the antagonist could be characterized by an elimination half-life between 0.9 to 1.4 h and a total plasma clearance of 727 to 1440 ml/min. These single dose studies indicate that the disposition of Ro 15-1788 was not affected by the acute coadministration of both benzodiazepines. PMID- 3919753 TI - Intestinal permeability in patients with atopic eczema. AB - Intestinal permeability was investigated in adult patients with atopic eczema by in vivo and in vitro techniques. Patients with symptoms of 'immediate' food allergy were specifically excluded. A 51Cr-labelled ethylenediaminetetraacetate absorption test was carried out in eighteen patients. Their mean (+/- s.d.) 24 hour urine excretion following oral administration of the test substance (2.1 +/- 0.9%) did not differ significantly from that of thirty-four normal controls (1.9 +/- 0.5%). Small bowel permeability was estimated directly in jejunal mucosal samples in ten patients with three permeability probes of differing molecular weight. Mucosal permeability did not differ significantly from that of fifteen control patients for any of the test substances. Two patients had abnormal results by both tests and in one this was due to coeliac disease. These results suggest that altered intestinal permeability is not important in the pathogenesis of eczema. Patients demonstrating increased intestinal permeability should undergo jejunal biopsy to exclude significant small bowel disease. PMID- 3919754 TI - Topical sodium cromoglycate in the management of atopic eczema--a controlled trial. AB - A double-blind, group comparison trial of a topical cream containing 4% sodium cromoglycate (SCG) was undertaken in forty-six patients with chronic atopic eczema. A statistically significant improvement was seen after 9 weeks in the actively treated patients compared with the placebo group. However, in general, no benefit was observed in severe eczema, perhaps due in some part to the seemingly late onset of action of SCG. Measurement of total serum IgE before and after the trial showed an increase in levels which was apparently unrelated to treatment with SCG or placebo or to a change in severity of the eczema. The amount of SCG in the urine was small and very variable, indicating low percutaneous absorption. The calculated bioavailability ranged from 0.01% to 2.75% of the applied dose. These results together with follow-up studies suggest that topical SCG as a long-term measure may be useful in the management of mild or moderately severe eczema, reducing the frequency of acute exacerbations. PMID- 3919755 TI - Dramatic increase of placental protein 5 levels following injection of small doses of heparin. AB - In the course of an investigation on the effects of thyroid releasing hormone in pregnant women we noted a dramatic increase in the levels of placental protein 5 (PP5) in maternal blood. This increase ranged from 10 times to over 40 times the basal levels. Further study showed that the rise was associated with the use of heparin to maintain the patency of the cannula through which the samples were collected. Furthermore, the phenomenon appeared to be systemic rather than local, and may well be due to a direct effect of heparin on PP5 secretion by the placenta. PMID- 3919756 TI - Continuous acid-base assessment of the human fetus during labour by tissue pH and transcutaneous carbon dioxide monitoring. AB - Simultaneous monitoring of fetal tissue pH (t-pH) and transcutaneous carbon dioxide (Tc-PCO2) was performed in 30 labours. Both t-pH and Tc-PCO2 at delivery were positively correlated with pH (r = 0.69) and PCO2 (r = 0.68) of the umbilical artery blood. A tissue/transcutaneous standard base excess (t-SBE) was derived from the t-pH and the Tc-PCO2 and calculated for 13 fetuses at delivery; there was a correlation with standard base excess of umbilical artery blood. An analysis of t-pH and Tc-PCO2 changes during the last hour of labour revealed that only infants who were born with decreased pH of the umbilical artery blood had decreasing t-SBE, while all others had a constant t-SBE. PMID- 3919757 TI - Gentamicin-resistant Pseudomonas endophthalmitis after penetrating keratoplasty. AB - A case of pseudomonas endophthalmitis after penetrating keratoplasty is described. Bacterial sensitivities in this case and in five of six previously reported cases of endophthalmitis after corneal transplant showed resistance to gentamicin, an antibiotic routinely used in the transport medium. The recovery of antibiotic resistant bacteria in antibiotic supplemented media is discussed with emphasis on prevention. PMID- 3919758 TI - Calorimetric studies of the binding of Streptomyces subtilisin inhibitor to subtilisin of Bacillus subtilis strain N'. AB - The binding of Streptomyces subtilisin inhibitor (SSI) to subtilisin of Bacillus subtilis strain N' (subtilisin BPN', EC 3.4.21.14) was studied by isothermal calorimetry at pH 7.0 and at various temperatures ranging from 5 to 30 degrees C. Thermodynamic quantities for the binding reaction were derived as a function of temperature by combining the data reported for the dissociation constant with the present calorimetric results. At 25 degrees C, the values are delta G degrees = 57.9 kJ mol-1, delta H = -19.8 kJ mol-1, delta S degree = 0.13 kJ K-1 mol-1, and delta Cp = -1.02 kJ K-1 mol-1. The entropy and the heat capacity changes are discussed in terms of the contributions from the changes in vibrational modes and in hydrophobic interactions. PMID- 3919759 TI - Presence and quantity of dehydroalanine in histidine ammonia-lyase from Pseudomonas putida. AB - Dehydroalanine is present in the histidine ammonia-lyase (histidase) from Pseudomonas putida ATCC 12633 as shown by reaction of purified enzyme with K14CN or NaB3H4 and subsequent identification of [14C]aspartate or [3H]alanine, respectively, following acid hydrolysis of the labeled protein. When labeling with cyanide was conducted under denaturing conditions, 4 mol of [14C]cyanide was incorporated per mol of enzyme (Mr 220 000), equivalent to one dehydroalanine residue being modified per subunit in this protein composed of four essentially identical subunits. In native enzyme, inactivation of catalytic activity by cyanide was complete when 1 mol of [14C]cyanide had reacted per mol of histidase, suggesting that modification of any one of the four dehydroalanine residues in the tetrameric enzyme was sufficient to prevent catalysis at all sites. Loss of activity on treatment with cyanide could be blocked by the addition of the competitive inhibitor cysteine or substrate if Mn2+ was also present. Cross linking of native enzyme with dimethyl suberimidate produced no species larger than tetramer, thereby eliminating the possibility that an aggregation phenomenon might explain why only one-fourth of the dehydroalanyl residues was modified by cyanide during inactivation. A labeled tryptic peptide was isolated from enzyme inactivated with [14C]cyanide. Its composition was different from that of a tryptic peptide previously isolated from other histidases and shown to contain a highly reactive and catalytically important cysteine residue. Such a finding indicates the dehydroalanine group is distinct from the active site cysteine. Treatment of crude extracts with [14C]cyanide and purification of the inactive enzyme yielded labeled protein that release [14C]aspartate on acid hydrolysis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3919760 TI - Decrease in ADP-ribosylation of HeLa non-histone proteins from interphase to metaphase. AB - Variations for non-histones in the ADP-ribosylating activities of interphase and metaphase cells were investigated. 32P-Labeled nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide ([32P]NAD), the specific precursor for the modification, was used to radioactively label proteins. Permeabilized interphase and mitotic cells, as well as isolated nuclei and chromosomes, were incubated with the label. One dimensional and two-dimensional gels of the proteins of total nuclei and chromatin labeled with [32P]NAD showed more than 100 modified species. Changing the labeling conditions resulted in generally similar patterns of modified proteins, though the overall levels of incorporation and the distributions of label among species were significantly affected. A less complex pattern was found for nuclear scaffolds. The major ADP-ribosylated proteins included the lamins and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. Inhibitors of ADP-ribosylation were effective in preventing the incorporation of label by most non-histones. Snake venom phosphodiesterase readily removed protein-bound 32P radioactivity. A fundamentally different distribution of label from that of interphase nuclei and chromatin was found for metaphase chromosome non-histones. Instead of 100 or more species, the only major acceptor of label was poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. This profound change during mitosis may indicate a structural role for ADP ribosylation of non-histone proteins. PMID- 3919761 TI - Chlamydomonas alpha-tubulin is posttranslationally modified by acetylation on the epsilon-amino group of a lysine. AB - Previous work has shown that the principal alpha-tubulin within Chlamydomonas reinhardtii flagellar axonemes differs from the major alpha-tubulin in the cell body. These two variants of alpha-tubulin are related to one another since posttranslational modification of the cell body form converts it to the axonemal form. When flagella are induced to assemble in the absence of de novo protein synthesis, tritiated acetate can be used to posttranslationally label alpha tubulin in vivo, and under these conditions, no other flagellar polypeptides exhibit detectable labeling [L'Hernault, S. W., & Rosenbaum, J. L. (1983) J. Cell Biol. 97, 258-263]. In the present report, this labeling method has been used to provide material for chemical analysis of the tritiated moiety that is posttranslationally added to flagellar alpha-tubulin. This radioactivity was volatile after acid hydrolysis, suggesting that the posttranslational modification is the addition of neither an amino acid nor carbohydrate. Treatment of posttranslationally 3H-labeled alpha-tubulin with hydrazine yields radioactive acetylhydrazine, indicating that the moiety involved in posttranslational modification is an acetyl group. Analysis of complete proteolytic digests by thin layer chromatography has revealed that this acetyl group is located on the epsilon-amino group of a flagellar alpha-tubulin lysine residue. PMID- 3919762 TI - Biosynthesis of fredericamycin A, a new antitumor antibiotic. AB - Fredericamycin A (FM A), produced by a strain of Streptomyces griseus, represents a new structural class of antitumor antibiotics containing a spiro ring system. Studies on the producer organism showed that glucose in the fermentation medium is not utilized until late in the growth stage, just prior to synthesis of FM A. [14C]Glucose tracer experiments demonstrated that glucose is incorporated into FM A by catabolism to acetate. Biosynthetic enrichment of FM A with single- and double-labeled [13C]acetate showed that the entire carbon skeleton of the spiro ring system is derived from acetate. L-Methionine was shown to provide the only nonskeletal carbon in FM A, the methoxy carbon at position C-6. The direction of the polyketide chain and the position of the carbon lost during biosynthesis were established by using stable isotope experiments. A general model for FM A biosynthesis is proposed, and a possible scheme for the formation of the spiro carbon center is presented. PMID- 3919763 TI - Structures of the carbohydrate moieties of two monoclonal human lambda-type immunoglobulin light chains. AB - Human Bence Jones proteins of lambda type, Wh and Nei, both of which belong to subgroup II, contain an asparagine-linked sugar chain. Their carbohydrate moieties were liberated as oligosaccharides by hydrazinolysis and labeled by reduction with NaB3H4 after N-acetylation. Structural studies of each oligosaccharide by sequential exoglycosidase digestion in combination with methylation analysis revealed that Wh lambda contains the mono- and disialylated oligosaccharides (Formula: see text). These oligosaccharides are different from the oligosaccharides found in another lambda-type Bence Jones protein, Sm lambda, by Chandrasekaran et al. [Chandrasekaran, E. V., Mendicino, A., Garver, F. A., & Mendicino, J. (1981) J. Biol. Chem. 256, 1549-1555] and Garver et al. [Garver, F. A., Chang, L. S., Kiefer, C. R., Mendicino, J., Chandrasekaran, E. V., Isobe, T., & Osserman, E. F. (1981) Eur. J. Biochem. 115, 643-652]. PMID- 3919764 TI - ATP-dependent calcium accumulation by non-mitochondrial organelles of axoplasm isolated from Myxicola giant axons. AB - Axoplasm from freshly isolated Myxicola giant axons was mixed with small volumes of 'artificial axoplasm' containing 45Ca and either CaEGTA/EGTA or CaDTPA/DTPA buffers giving various nominal values of [Ca2+]. The axoplasm samples were centrifuged at 100 000 X g for 30 min to form a pellet and the percentage of 45Ca bound to the pellet was determined. The fraction of bound calcium rose with increasing values of [Ca2+] along an S-shaped curve. Carbonyl cyanide p trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone (FCCP) was used to reveal the presence of mitochondrial Ca uptake. At physiological values of [Ca2+], around 100 nM, Ca uptake was insensitive to FCCP. As [Ca2+] was elevated, increasing sensitivity to FCCP was noted above [Ca2+] = 0.5 microM. At low values of [Ca2+], including the physiological range, Ca binding was significantly reduced by vanadate and quercetin, agents known to inhibit Ca uptake mediated by Ca2+-activated ATPase reactions. Inhibition of Ca binding by these agents was approximately 50% at physiological values of [Ca2+]. ATP depletion decreased the percentage of Ca binding by the pellet at physiological [Ca2+]. The results suggest that about 50% of the Ca buffering by particulate matter in axoplasm is via organelles requiring intact Ca2+-ATPase reaction at physiological values of [Ca2+]. PMID- 3919765 TI - Fe3+ transport by brush-border membrane vesicles isolated from normal and hypoxic mouse duodenum and ileum. AB - Studies of 59Fe3+ uptake by brush-border membrane vesicles prepared from mouse duodenum have indicated that uptake represents transport across the brush-border membrane which is rate-limited by the membrane-transfer step (Simpson, R.J. and Peters, T.J. (1984) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 772, 220-226). Further studies presented here reveal that the uptake rate represents the net influx rate for Fe3+ and is independent of Na+ in the medium and of the method of vesicle preparation. Uptake by brush-border membrane vesicles prepared from mouse distal ileum also represents predominantly transport and is higher than that observed with duodenal brush-border membrane vesicles. Studies of the initial uptake rate by vesicles prepared from normal and hypoxic mouse intestine demonstrated an increase in Fe3+ transport in duodenal vesicles only. PMID- 3919766 TI - Cell age-dependent changes in deformability and calcium accumulation of human erythrocytes. AB - The deformability of human erythrocytes was measured in a rheoscope, as a function of intracellular calcium content (varied with ionophore (A23187) and CaCl2) without complete ATP depletion and echinocytic transformation. Loading calcium into intact erythrocytes (calcium content: 16.8 mumol/1 packed cells = 1.48 amol per cell), the cell volume and energy charge gradually decreased. Further, the membrane fluidity of the lipid portion decreased without crosslinking of membrane proteins. A distinct transition from deformable to undeformable cells was observed by the rheoscope technique: i.e., 50% transition occurred at 40-50 mumol calcium/1 packed cells (= 3.5-4.0 amol per cell) and more than 90% above 100 mumol/1 packed cells (= 6.5 amol per cell) at a shear stress of 140 dyn/cm2. The deformable cells maintained their deformability to ellipsoidal disks independent of the average calcium content. The underformable cells, separated as high-density cells by density gradient centrifugation after calcium-loading, showed lower glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity than low density-deformable cells; thus, the calcium-loaded, undeformable cells were presumably in vivo aged cells. The younger cells, fractionated as low-density cells from intact erythrocytes, were more deformable than aged cells. Upon calcium-loading, the younger cells restored their cell volume and deformability, while the aged cells, containing originally more calcium and less ATP, decreased their volume and became undeformable. Therefore, calcium accumulation by ionophore-CaCl2 takes place in preference to aged cells of lower energy metabolism, and leads to cellular dehydration and loss of deformability, due to condensed hemoglobin and altered membrane organization. PMID- 3919767 TI - Behavior of mouse placental and uterine estrogen sulfotransferase during chromatography and other procedures. AB - The estrogen sulfotransferase activity of high-speed supernatants of mouse placenta and uterus behaves on conventional and high-performance liquid chromatographic gel filtration as an enzyme species with a molecular weight of the order of 30 000. This is so whether the cytosols are freshly prepared or have been stored at -20 degrees C before chromatography. The presence of thiol groups or EDTA has no effect on the elution pattern. The partially purified enzyme is extremely unstable and is poorly recovered by (NH4)2SO4 fractionation. Some stabilization can be achieved in the presence of 0.1 microM estradiol. Chromatofocusing of cytosols results in the elution of one or two sulfotransferase peaks, depending upon experimental conditions such as the presence or absence of thiol groups. These peaks act upon both estrone and estradiol as substrates. Chromatofocusing by fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) in the absence of thiol groups results in the elution of one sulfotransferase peak whose activity can be detected only when thiol groups are present during enzyme assay. PMID- 3919768 TI - Circular dichroism of diphtheria toxin, Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A, and various derivatives. AB - We have recorded the near- and far-ultraviolet circular dichroism spectra of diphtheria toxin, Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A, and derivatives of these toxins. The far-ultraviolet spectra of various forms of diphtheria toxin were virtually identical, implying that no major changes in secondary structure accompany proteolytic nicking or dimerization of toxin, or binding of the endogenous dinucleotide, adenylyl-(3'-5')-uridine 3'-monophosphate (AdoPUrdP). Alpha-helix content was estimated to be 29%, as compared with 8% for fragment A. Near-ultraviolet spectra were identical between nicked and intact diphtheria toxin. A broad negative transition with a minimum at 304 nm was assigned to the intrachain disulfide bridge within the B moiety. Dimeric diphtheria toxin showed perturbations of aromatic residues. Binding of AdoPUrdP to monomeric diphtheria toxin or of adenylyl-(3',5')-uridine (AdoPUrd) to fragment A perturbed one or more tryptophans. The latter results correlate with evidence for involvement of a tryptophan in NAD binding. Native exotoxin A was estimated to have 16% alpha helix, and the activated form of exotoxin A, 11%. An enzymically active, 31 kDa proteolytic fragment of exotoxin A showed similar alpha-helix content (7%) to that of diphtheria toxin fragment A. PMID- 3919769 TI - The proteolytic activities of chymopapain, papain, and papaya proteinase III. AB - The three proteinases present in papaya latex: papain (EC 3.4.22.2) chymopapain and papaya proteinase III (EC 3.4.22.6), were standardized by active-site titration, and compared in proteolytic activity against azocasein, serum albumin and cartilage proteoglycan. The activities were all of the same order, although there were differences in pH dependence. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the early products of digestion of albumin and phosphorylase a showed very similar patterns for the three papaya proteinases. Kinetic parameters for hydrolysis of benzyloxycarbonyl-phenylalanyl-arginyl-7(4-methyl)coumarylamide were determined for the three enzymes. Values for kcat/Km varied only within a factor of 2, but the individual constants were much higher for papain than for chymopapain and papaya proteinase III. In contrast to the results obtained with the synthetic substrate, the kinetic parameters for the initial hydrolysis of succinyl-albumin were very similar for the three papaya proteinases. This was consistent with their similar proteolytic activities in other assays. PMID- 3919770 TI - Arachidonic acid metabolism in isolated pancreatic islets. III. Effects of exogenous lipoxygenase products and inhibitors on insulin secretion. AB - Isolated pancreatic islets from the rat have been demonstrated by stable isotope dilution-mass spectrometric methods to synthesize the 12-lipoxygenase product 12 hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE) in amounts of 1.7 to 2.8 ng per 10(3) islets. No detectable amounts of 5-HETE and only trace amounts of 15-HETE could be demonstrated by these methods. Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) and BW755C have been demonstrated to inhibit islet 12-HETE synthesis and also to inhibit glucose-induced insulin secretion. Inhibition of insulin secretion and of 12-HETE synthesis exhibited similar dependence on the concentration of these compounds. Eicosa-5,8,11,14-tetrynoic acid (ETYA) also inhibited glucose-induced insulin secretion, as previously reported, at concentrations which inhibit islet 12-HETE synthesis. Exogenous 12-HETE partially reversed the suppression of glucose induced insulin secretion by lipoxygenase inhibitors, but exogenous 12 hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HPETE), 15-HPETE, 5-HPETE, 15-HETE, or 5 HETE did not reverse this suppression. These observations argue against the recently suggested hypothesis that islet synthesis of 5-HETE modulates insulin secretion. Suppression of glucose-induced insulin secretion by ETYA, BW755C and NDGA may be due to inhibition of the islet 12-lipoxygenase by these compounds. The possibility that other processes involved in glucose-induced insulin secretion are inhibited by ETYA, BW755C and NDGA cannot yet be excluded. PMID- 3919771 TI - Gossypol, a potent inhibitor of arachidonate 5- and 12-lipoxygenases. AB - Gossypol inhibited 5- and 12-lipoxygenases of rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-1) cells with ID50 of 0.3 microM and 0.7 microM, respectively. Nearly two orders of magnitude of higher concentration of gossypol was required to inhibit prostaglandin synthetase. The inhibition was of a non-competitive type with respect to arachidonate. PMID- 3919772 TI - [1-14C]Arachidonic acid incorporation into glycerolipids and prostaglandin synthesis in peritoneal macrophages: effect of chloramphenicol. AB - Peritoneal macrophages from normal mice were labelled with [1-14C]arachidonic acid after 2 h culture. The uptake of arachidonic acid into cellular lipids was rapid, time-dependent and can be represented within the limit of the studied times by a parabolic regression. Indomethacin decreased the kinetics of uptake; this inhibition is dose-dependent. Chloramphenicol had no effect on macrophage [1 14C]arachidonic acid uptake. After 3 h, the radioactivity was recovered in phosphatidylcholine (38.6%), phosphatidylserine-phosphatidylinositol (8.5%), phosphatidylethanolamine (22.1%), diacylglycerol (2.9%), triacyglycerol (2%) and cholesteryl ester (11.8%). Chloramphenicol and indomethacin inhibited the labelling of phospholipids and stimulated the labelling of neutral lipids and cholesteryl ester. Studies on arachidonic acid release from glycerolipids of prelabelled 2-h cultured macrophages showed that phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylserine-phosphatidylinositol are the major source of arachidonic acid in prostaglandin synthesis in macrophages stimulated or not by zymosan. Chloramphenicol inhibited release of fatty acid from phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylserine-phosphatidylinositol; indomethacin had no effect. Both drugs inhibited prostaglandin synthesis in stimulated or non-stimulated macrophages. In the culture medium, indomethacin increased the release of free arachidonic acid by stimulated macrophages. Possible explanations for the mechanisms underlying these effects are presented. It is concluded that indomethacin and chloramphenicol exert profound effects on the metabolism of phospholipids and its zymosan activation. Chloramphenicol appears to impair prostaglandin synthesis through several mechanisms and especially through phospholipase inhibition. PMID- 3919773 TI - Antibody against rat adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase. AB - To facilitate detailed studies of rat adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase regulation, a high titre polyclonal antibody was raised against purified rat adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase (in a goat). The first stage of the purification of the lipoprotein lipase was carried out with heparin-Sepharose affinity chromatography. In the second stage we took advantage of the binding property of lipoprotein lipase to ampholytes. These ampholytes, used during this second step, do not have to be eliminated prior to injecting the enzyme preparation into the animal. They have neither toxic nor antigenic effects on the animal; moreover, their presence does not affect the antigenic potency of the lipoprotein lipase. When pre-incubated with a constant amount of adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase (8 mU/75 microliter), an equal volume of the antiserum raised either pure or diluted up to 1/50 resulted in complete inhibition of enzyme activity, and half maximal inhibition was observed at a dilution of 1/800. The antibody was effective in inhibiting rat heart lipoprotein lipase but not salt resistant hepatic lipase. Immunodiffusion revealed a single line of precipitation between this antibody and the adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase. PMID- 3919774 TI - Intracellular calcium does not appear to be essential for arachidonic acid release from stimulated macrophages as shown by studies with Quin-2. AB - The present investigation was undertaken to study the potential role of intracellular calcium on the release of arachidonic acid from mouse peritoneal macrophages activated by inflammatory stimuli. The intracellular calcium concentration, as measured using fluorescent probe Quin-2, was 112 +/- 8.4 nM. The chelation of intracellular calcium with Quin-2 did not affect the release of arachidonic acid from macrophages upon stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate, opsonized zymosan or calcium ionophore A23187. However, the removal of calcium from the extracellular medium resulted in a 30-50% decrease in arachidonic acid release from phorbol myristate acetate- and zymosan-stimulated macrophages and also the stimulation of arachidonic acid release from calcium ionophore-stimulated cells were nullified. These studies indicated the existence of calcium-dependent and independent mechanisms modulating the release of arachidonic acid from macrophages subjected to inflammatory stimuli. PMID- 3919775 TI - Mobilization of ferritin iron in erythroblasts by chelating agents. AB - Intracellular ferritin in newt (Triturus cristatus) erythroblasts was accessible to the chelating effects of EDTA and pyridoxal phosphate. EDTA (0.5-1 mM) promoted release of radioactive iron from ferritin of pulse-labelled erythroblasts during chase incubation, but its continuous presence was not necessary for ferritin iron mobilization. Brief exposure to EDTA was sufficient to release 60-70% of ferritin 59Fe content during ensuing chase in EDTA-free medium. EDTA also suppressed cellular iron uptake and utilization for heme synthesis, but these activities were restored upon its removal. Pyridoxal-5' phosphate (0.5-5 mM) also stimulated loss of radioactive iron from ferritin; however, ferritin iron release by pyridoxal phosphate required its continued presence. Unlike EDTA, pyridoxal phosphate did not interfere with iron uptake or its utilization for heme synthesis. Chelator-mobilized ferritin iron accumulated initially in the hemolysate as a low-molecular-weight component and appeared to be eventually released into the medium. No radioactive ferritin was found in the medium of chelator-treated cells, indicating that secretion or loss of ferritin was not responsible for decreasing cellular ferritin 59Fe content. Moreover, there was no transfer of radioactive iron between the low-molecular-weight component released into the medium and plasma transferrin. These results indicate that chelator-released ferritin iron is not available for cellular utilization in heme synthesis and that ferritin iron released by this process is not an alternative or complementary iron source for heme synthesis. Correlation of these data with effects of succinylacetone inhibition of heme synthesis and with previous studies indicates that the main role of erythroid cell ferritin is absorption and storage of excess iron not used for heme synthesis. PMID- 3919776 TI - [Computer bank of amino-acid sequences of protein hormones. Analysis of evolutionary, conformational and physico-chemical properties of the individual sites of sequences in superfamilies of proinsulin and proglucagon]. AB - The correspondence schemes for the amino acid sequence families from different animal species for two superfamilies of protein-peptide hormones and their precursors, i.e., proinsulin-IGF-prorelaxin and proglucagon-pro (PHM-VIP) prosomatocrinin, were constructed. These schemes were used for the local intra- and interfamilial comparison of the sequences; the average profiles of hypothetical secondary structure of individual sites of these sequences according to Chow and Fasman were obtained, and the profiles of their physico-chemical properties (e. g., hydrophobicity and volume of side amino acid radicals) were computed. An analysis of the profiles obtained demonstrated that despite the apparent similarity of the tertiary structure of IGF and relaxin, on the one hand, and of insulin, on the other, the latter is devoid of the insulin-like receptor (effector) site, whereas in the case of IGF, this site is modified by additional links of the peptide chain. Based on the reciprocal comparison of prosomatocrinin with proglucagon and pro (PHM-VIP), it was assumed that the C terminal fragment of prosomatocrinin separated from somatocrinin by a single arginine residue is a second glucagon-like peptide in the precursor molecule, which apparently possesses a biological activity. PMID- 3919777 TI - Cutaneous gas exchange in vertebrates: design, patterns, control and implications. PMID- 3919778 TI - Transient dichroism in photoreceptor membranes indicates that stable oligomers of rhodopsin do not form during excitation. AB - If a photoexcited rhodopsin molecule initiates the formation of rhodopsin oligomers during the process of visual excitation, the rate of rotational diffusion of the rhodopsin molecules involved should change markedly. Using microsecond-flash photometry, we have observed the rotational diffusion of rhodopsin throughout the time period of visual excitation and found that no detectable change occurs in its rotational diffusion rate. Partial chemical cross linking of the retina yields oligomers of rhodopsin and causes a significant decrease in the rotational diffusion rate of rhodopsin even when as little as 20% of rhodopsin is dimeric. Moreover, the pattern of oligomers formed by cross linking, taken together with the magnitude of decreases in rotational diffusion rate accompanying the cross-linking reaction, suggests that rhodopsin is a monomer in the dark-adapted state. The experiments reported here show that photoexcited rhodopsin molecules do not irreversibly associate with unbleached neighbors during the time course of the receptor response. Hence, it is not likely that stable oligomers of rhodopsin trigger the excitation of the photoreceptor cell. PMID- 3919779 TI - Cross-linking of dark-adapted frog photoreceptor disk membranes. Evidence for monomeric rhodopsin. AB - A model for random cross-linking of identical monomers diffusing in a membrane was formulated to test whether rhodopsin's cross-linking behavior was quantitatively consistent with a monomeric structure. Cross-linking was performed on rhodopsin both in intact retinas and in isolated rod outer segment (ROS) membranes using the reagent glutaraldehyde. The distribution of covalent oligomers formed was analyzed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and compared to predictions for the random model. A similar analysis was made for ROS membranes cross-linked by diisocyanatohexane and retinas cross-linked by cupric ion complexed with o-phenanthroline. Patterns of cross-linking produced by these three reagents are reasonably consistent with the monomer model. Glutaraldehyde was also used to cross-link the tetrameric protein aldolase in order to verify that cross-linking of a stable oligomer, under conditions comparable to those used for ROS, yielded the pattern predicted for a tetrameric protein having D2 symmetry. This pattern is markedly different from the one for a random-collision model. Moreover, a comparison of rates showed that aldolase cross-linking with glutaraldehyde is significantly faster than cross-linking of membrane-bound rhodopsin. It is concluded that rhodopsin is monomeric in dark-adapted photoreceptor membranes and that the observed cross-linking results from collisions between diffusing rhodopsin molecules. PMID- 3919780 TI - Isolation of microtubule coils from normal human platelets. AB - The blood platelet is the only human cell known to have a circumferential band of microtubules. However, the mechanisms involved in assembly of the multi-looped coil, its interaction with the cell membrane to support discoid shape, and constriction into tight rings around centrally concentrated organelles in activated platelets are unknown. Separation of the microtubule rings from intact platelets would permit new approaches to solution of these questions. The present study has used simultaneous detergent extraction and fixation to isolate intact microtubule coils in significant numbers from suspended platelets for the first time. Isolated coils closely resembled the circumferential band observed in thin sections of plastic embedded platelets and in platelets prepared by the negative stain whole-mount method. Enough microtubule coils could be recovered from suspensions of concentrated platelets to permit counting and quantitation on microscope grids. Results of this study will permit new approaches to clarification of the structural physiology of platelet microtubule coils. PMID- 3919781 TI - Diphenylhydantoin-induced pure red cell aplasia. AB - The pathogenesis of diphenylhydantoin-induced pure red cell aplasia was investigated in the case of a 32-year-old man who developed pure red cell aplasia while he was under treatment with diphenylhydantoin. The patient's serum IgG purified from serum drawn at the time of diagnosis suppressed normal allogeneic marrow colony-forming (CFU-E) and burst-forming (BFU-E) and autologous blood BFU E growth in vitro only in the presence of diphenylhydantoin. This IgG diphenylhydantoin complex had no effect on CFU-GM growth in vitro. Normal IgG or patient's IgG purified from serum drawn after the remission of red cell aplasia had no effect on erythroid colony formation in vitro in the presence of diphenylhydantoin. The IgG-diphenylhydantoin complex exerted no direct cytotoxic effect on normal marrow erythroblasts, CFU-E, and BFU-E, nor did it interfere with the action of erythropoietin on marrow erythroblasts. These studies suggest that diphenylhydantoin-induced red cell aplasia is immunologically mediated through an IgG inhibitor, which requires the presence of the drug to suppress erythroid colony formation in vitro. This inhibitor seems to exert its effect on erythroid progenitors at or beyond the stage of differentiation of CFU-E, but not on erythroblasts. PMID- 3919782 TI - K562 human erythroleukemia cells demonstrate commitment. AB - Commitment, ie, the decision to express a differentiated phenotype and to terminate proliferation irreversibly in the absence of inducer, was investigated in K562 human erythroleukemia cells. Cells were cultured for 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 days with inducer and then plated in medium containing methylcellulose without inducer. Daily after plating, hemoglobin content was scored by benzidine staining, and growth was assessed by estimating the cell number per colony. With all inducers used, three types of colonies were found, those containing only benzidine-positive cells, those containing only benzidine-negative cells, and those containing both cell types (mixed colonies). Thymidine produced a progressive increase in the percentage of positive and mixed colonies and a progressive fall in the percentage of negative colonies. Whereas negative colonies grew at an exponential rate with a generation time of about 20 hours, positive colonies reached an average maximum size of 16 cells, representing a total of four divisions. Butyrate had a similar effect, except that the rise was greater for mixed colonies than for positive colonies, and the plateau in positive colony size was less evident. In contrast, CO2 depletion or hemin treatment induced an increase in the fraction of cells staining benzidine positive that was lost rapidly upon removal of the inducing condition. Thus, of the four conditions, thymidine and butyrate caused commitment, whereas hemin and CO2 depletion did not. Thus K562 cells, like Friend cells, demonstrate commitment, but, unlike Friend cells, demonstrate a significant rate of commitment in the absence of inducer and hence form a significant percentage of mixed colonies with or without inducer. PMID- 3919783 TI - delta-Aminolevulinate dehydratase in human erythroleukemia cells: an immunologically distinct enzyme. AB - Physicochemical and immunologic properties of delta-aminolevulinate (ALA) dehydratase in human K562 erythroleukemia cells were examined. ALA dehydratase activity was found to increase in K562 cells after treatment with butyric acid or selenium oxide. Enzyme activity in untreated K562 cells was comparable to that in normal adult erythrocytes but was increased three- to six-fold in K562 cells treated with 1.2 mmol/L butyric acid or 0.03 mmol/L selenium oxide. The Michaelis Menten constant (Km), the inhibitor constant (Ki), and elution profile by diethylaminoethyl (DEAE) cellulose chromatography were similar for ALA dehydratase from K562 cells and normal human adult and human fetal erythrocytes. However, ALA dehydratase from K562 cells did not react with a monospecific rabbit antibody against ALA dehydratase purified from normal adult erythrocytes, although the antibody reacted with the enzyme from normal adult and fetal red cells. These findings indicate that ALA dehydratase in K562 cells is immunologically distinct from the normal enzyme. PMID- 3919784 TI - Determination of maximal bactericidal activity in human granulocytes. AB - A conventional in vitro test assay was used to determine maximal bactericidal capabilities of human granulocytes. By means of a mathematical model the maximal phagocytosis and killing activity could be calculated for S. aureus and P. aeruginosa serving as test organisms. The evaluation allowed moreover the determination of the optimal bacterial load and also of critical bacterial concentrations leading to a complete depression of observable granulocyte killing functions. In contrast to other studies frozen suspensions of bacteria were used allowing the employment of identical microorganisms within a complete series of experiments. On average one granulocyte was found to ingest a maximum of 17 CFU of S. aureus with 9 CFU killed under optimal ratios of bacteria per granulocyte. For P. aeruginosa the granulocyte function reached peak values of 96 CFU ingested and 62 CFU killed per one granulocyte. The new assay might provide a highly reproducible method for clinical assessment of granulocyte dysfunctions in various diseases. PMID- 3919785 TI - Injury by heavy metals in Escherichia coli. PMID- 3919786 TI - Organochlorine insecticides and PCBs in water, sediment, and fish from the Mediterranean Sea. PMID- 3919787 TI - Effect of methylene chloride on respiration and electron transport system (ETS) activity in freshwater sediment. PMID- 3919788 TI - Simultaneous accumulations of naphthalene, a PCB mixture, and benzo(a)pyrene, by the oyster, Crassostrea virginica. PMID- 3919789 TI - Effects of dietary PCBs (Aroclor 1254) on serum levels of lipoprotein cholesterol in Fischer rats. PMID- 3919790 TI - Effect of 26% oxygen breathing on ventilation and perfusion distribution in patients with cold. AB - Fourteen patients suffering from severe but stable chronic airway obstruction were studied while breathing room air and mildly hyperoxic mixture (26%). The data were collected at the end of each 30 min randomized breathing period. The multiple inert gas elimination technique was used to detect alterations in ventilation-perfusion (VA/Q) mismatching. Ventilatory, arterial and mixed venous blood gases, and hemodynamic measurements were made simultaneously. To show a possible effect of O2 on hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV), the fractional part of cardiac output perfusing low VA/Q areas was separated using as upper limit of VA/Q the compartments with PAO2 70, 60 and 50 mmHg while breathing oxygen, compared to the percentage of blood flow in the same areas limited by the same VA/Q unit in air breathing conditions. Only a few changes due to O2 are statistically significant: 1) a rise in PaO2 (+20.2 +/- 8.3 mmHg) and PvO2 (+4.2 +/- 2.18 mmHg) without any change in ventilation, respiratory frequency, pH, PaCO2, haemodynamics and overall criterion of distribution; 2) a moderate increase in inert gas dead space; 3) an increase in the percentage of blood flow under the limit when chosen at 50 mmHg (+3 +/- 2.8%). This change could be related to an inhibition of HPV response while breathing O2 in compartments previously placed above the limit in air. Consequently, their VA/Q decrease and their perfusions are summed with those under the limit in O2. These data suggest that mild hyperoxia has a slight but real deleterious effect on pulmonary gas exchange. PMID- 3919791 TI - Respiratory and pulmonary alterations in experimental Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in rats. AB - Pneumocystis carinii (P.c.) pneumonia was induced in 40 rats by a prolonged corticosteroid treatment (group 1); 40 healthy rats of equal weight constituted the control group (group 2); 9 rats received the same corticosteroid treatment as group 1, together with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SFZ) in order to prevent P.c. multiplication (group 3). We could distinguish the respiratory effects induced by corticosteroids from those caused by P.c. pneumonia (group 3 vs group 1). For six weeks the blood leukocyte count, the weight of the spleen and the thymus and the pulmonary status were monitored. Blood gases and acid-base status were measured in conscious rats. There was no pulmonary oedema. The infected P.c. rats had a low PaCO2 and a slight disturbance of blood oxygenation, exemplified by A-aDO2 of 30 mmHg, compared with 17.5 mmHg in control rats and 17 mmHg in TMP-SFZ treated rats. P.c. infected rats had a lymphocyte depletion induced by corticosteroids. They did not exhibit respiratory distress. P.c. pneumonia alone in rats did not cause frank hypoxemia. PMID- 3919792 TI - Clinical medical librarianship: a review of the literature. AB - The history and evolution of clinical medical librarianship are analyzed and traditional and modified approaches, including LATCH, are reviewed. Cost and evaluation methods are outlined, indicating benefits and disadvantages of clinical medical librarian (CML) programs. The future of CMLs is explored. PMID- 3919793 TI - Depolarization-induced release of propranolol and atenolol from rat cortical synaptosomes. AB - The accumulation and release of [3H]-propranolol and [3H]-atenolol were examined in synaptosomes from rat cerebral cortex. Synaptosomes accumulated 20 pmol propranolol and 0.6 pmol atenolol mg-1 protein when incubated at 30 degrees C with radiolabelled drugs (0.1 microM). Exposure of propranolol-loaded synaptosomes to elevated K+, Rb+ or Cs+ evoked a concentration-dependent increase in propranolol efflux. The action of these ions in releasing propranolol was highly correlated with their ability to produce synaptosomal membrane depolarization, as estimated with the voltage-sensitive dye diS-C3-(5). Elevated K+ also promoted atenolol release from synaptosomes in a concentration-dependent manner. Veratridine (10 microM) released propranolol and atenolol from synaptosomes and these effects were antagonized by tetrodotoxin (1 microM). Under Ca2+-free conditions, K+-induced release of propranolol was reduced by 37% and atenolol release was diminished by 68%. The results support the concept that both polar and non-polar beta-adrenoceptor blocking drugs may be accumulated by nerve endings for release by membrane depolarization and suggest that neural storage and release of these molecules may influence their concentrations at localized sites of action. PMID- 3919795 TI - Diagnostic issues in the hyperventilation syndrome. PMID- 3919794 TI - Platelet release reaction and aggregation induced by canatoxin, a convulsant protein: evidence for the involvement of the platelet lipoxygenase pathway. AB - Canatoxin is a toxic protein isolated from Canavalia ensiformis seeds. It induces death preceded by convulsions of spinal cord origin and also produces in vitro aggregation of platelets in rabbit, human and guinea-pig plasma. The aggregating effect is dose-dependent at nanomolar concentrations. Rabbit platelets pretreated with canatoxin became refractory to a second exposure to this protein or to collagen, but were still responsive to ADP, Paf-acether or arachidonic acid. [14C]-5-hydroxytryptamine was released from pre-labelled platelets on stimulation with canatoxin. Washed rabbit platelets, but not thrombin-degranulated ones, aggregated on stimulation with canatoxin provided that fibrinogen was added before the toxin. Canatoxin's pro-aggregating activity was inhibited by mepacrine, EDTA, caffeine, prostacyclin, adenosine monophosphate and also by the ADP scavenger system, creatine phosphokinase/creatine phosphate. Furthermore, 3 amino-1-[m-(trifluoromethyl)-phenyl]-2-pyrazoline (BW 755C), eicosatetraynoic acid (ETYA) and nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) were potent inhibitors of canatoxin-induced aggregation. In contrast, no inhibition was seen with indomethacin. The data indicate that canatoxin is mainly a release-reaction promoting agent, being devoid of any direct aggregating activity. Thus the aggregation is totally dependent on the release of ADP. Furthermore, canatoxin induced platelet activation is probably dependent on platelet phospholipase A2 and lipoxygenase activity but is not dependent on cyclo-oxygenase products or the release of Paf-acether. PMID- 3919796 TI - Institutionalisation and the outcome of functional psychoses. AB - The outcome in patients receiving long-term in-patient care for manic-depressive psychosis was compared with that in long-stay schizophrenic in-patients and discharged schizophrenic patients. The manic-depressive and schizophrenic in patients differed in terms of positive and negative features and in the pattern of behaviour, but were equally cognitively impaired. The pattern of behaviour in both schizophrenic groups was the same. The results offer some support for the use of outcome as a validating criterion for the diagnosis of schizophrenia. PMID- 3919797 TI - The X-ray department and psychiatry. AB - All X-rays requested by psychiatrists in-training during 1982 and performed by the Department of Radiology of a large mental hospital were analysed. Forty-five per cent of all requests were marked routine, and the majority of these were for chest X-rays; only 4% of these revealed significant abnormality and no patient under the age of 55 had a significant abnormality on routine chest X-ray. All routine skull X-rays were normal. One-third of the long-stay hospital population accounted for one-quarter of the overall workload of the department. It is recommended that: requests for routine skull X-rays be abandoned, and that routine chest X-rays for patients below the age of 55 be restricted to high-risk groups such as immigrants, those on steroids, etc. The financial implications of such a policy are discussed. PMID- 3919798 TI - Lymphocyte proliferative responses to bacterial antigens in B27-associated arthropathies. AB - Lymphocyte transformation tests to Yersinia enterocolitica 0:3 and 0:6, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Streptococcus faecalis antigens have been carried out in ankylosing spondylitis, reactive arthritis/Reiter's disease and controls. Ankylosing spondylitis cases gave significantly lower responses than reactive arthritis/Reiter's to Yersinia enterocolitica 0:6 (p = 0.003) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (p = 0.008), and less than controls to S. faecalis (p = 0.008). It appears, therefore, that within the B27 arthritis population there is heterogeneity of cell-mediated response to certain enteric bacteria, with the hyporesponders manifesting ankylosing spondylitis and the hyper-responders reactive arthritis/Reiter's disease. PMID- 3919799 TI - 111-Indium platelets in monitoring pancreatic allografts in man. AB - A technique for monitoring pancreatic allografts in man is presented. The method utilizes 111-indium labelled autologous platelets and provides quantitative and qualitative analysis of uptake of the tracer by the graft. Five patients without any significant accumulation of radiolabelled platelets in their transplants had an uneventful recovery and left hospital with satisfactory graft function. The three patients who suffered graft failure showed abnormal uptake of the tracer. This presented as a diffuse platelet accumulation within the transplanted pancreas in the case of acute rejection, or as a focal accumulation in two cases of venous thrombosis. Minor complications such as perigraft haematoma can also be diagnosed using this technique. We suggest that 111-indium labelled platelets provide a valuable diagnostic aid in the management of pancreatic transplant recipients. PMID- 3919800 TI - Testicular torsion does not cause autoimmunization in man. AB - Forty-seven patients have been reviewed 2-10 years after torsion of the testicle. Thirty-six (77 per cent) were found to have abnormalities of exocrine or endocrine gonadal function. None showed evidence of testicular autoimmunization using standard assays of sperm agglutination and immobilization by serum or seminal plasma, and the serum mixed agglutination reaction (MAR) test. In addition, 11 cases of acute torsion were followed at intervals for 3-6 months after surgery, but no evidence was observed of the transient development of sperm antibodies. Our findings confirm poor gonadal function after torsion, but do not support the recent suggestion that it is caused by autoimmunization. PMID- 3919802 TI - Community care. PMID- 3919801 TI - Benzodiazepine overdose: are specific antagonists useful. PMID- 3919803 TI - Effects of cimetidine and ranitidine on high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations. AB - To assess the effect of cimetidine and ranitidine on high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentration two groups of eight patients with duodenal ulcer or oesophagitis matched for age, sex, and cigarette consumption were given either cimetidine 1 g daily or ranitidine 300 mg daily for one month. There was no significant change in the cholesterol content of HDL and its subfraction HDL3 after treatment with ranitidine or cimetidine, or in the cholesterol content of the subfraction HDL2 after treatment with ranitidine; the HDL2 cholesterol concentration was, however, significantly increased after treatment with cimetidine. Further studies are being undertaken to establish the mechanism of this effect. PMID- 3919804 TI - Rapid tightening of blood glucose control leads to transient deterioration of retinopathy in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus: the Oslo study. AB - In a study of retinopathy during one year of tight blood glucose control 45 type I (insulin dependent) diabetics without proliferative retinopathy were randomised to receive either continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion, multiple insulin injections, or conventional insulin treatment (controls). Near normoglycaemia was achieved with continuous infusion and multiple injections but not with conventional treatment. Blind evaluation of fluorescein angiograms performed three monthly showed progression of retinopathy in the control group, transient deterioration in the continuous infusion group, and no change in the multiple injection group. Half the patients receiving continuous infusion and multiple injections developed retinal cotton wool spots after three to six months. These changes regressed in all but four patients after 12 months. Control patients did not develop cotton wool spots. Patients who developed cotton wool spots are characterised by a larger decrement in glycosylated haemoglobin and blood glucose values, more frequent episodes of hypoglycaemia, a longer duration of diabetes, and more severe retinopathy at onset. A large and rapid fall in blood glucose concentration may promote transient deterioration of diabetic retinopathy. PMID- 3919805 TI - Which drug for the adult epileptic patient: phenytoin or valproate? AB - A series of 140 previously untreated patients with tonic-clonic or partial seizures were randomised to receive either phenytoin or sodium valproate. There was no difference between the treatment groups in pretreatment variables that might influence outcome. Sodium valproate and phenytoin in the treatment of tonic clonic or partial seizures showed no difference in efficacy as regards time to two year remission or time to first seizure. When the possible prognostic factors were studied, including history and results of clinical examination and investigations before treatment; the only factor which influenced the proportion of patients achieving two year remission was type of seizure. Patients with a clinical history of partial seizures did significantly less well than those with a history of tonic-clonic seizures only. This study showed no major difference in efficacy between sodium valproate and phenytoin in adults with recent onset of epilepsy, irrespective of the type of seizures that the patient suffered. PMID- 3919806 TI - Necrotising tongue and skin lesions in temporal arteritis: follow up of a case with a possible iatrogenic factor. PMID- 3919807 TI - Is a local anaesthetic necessary when using fine gauge spinal needles? PMID- 3919808 TI - How dangerous is sledging? PMID- 3919809 TI - Reconstruction of general practice: failure of reform. PMID- 3919810 TI - Asian families II: conditions that may be found in the children. PMID- 3919811 TI - Rehabilitation after head injury--1: Cognitive problems. PMID- 3919812 TI - Osteomalacia presenting as pathological fractures during pregnancy in Asian women of high socioeconomic class. PMID- 3919813 TI - Congenital abnormalities. PMID- 3919814 TI - The Gee case: the BBC continues alone. PMID- 3919815 TI - AIDS and the health professions. PMID- 3919817 TI - Stagnation and despair in medical research. PMID- 3919816 TI - Avoiding AIDS with autologous transfusions. PMID- 3919818 TI - Breast cancer. PMID- 3919819 TI - Rapid transit system for patients with fractured neck of femur. PMID- 3919820 TI - Treatment of septic arthritis due to Mycobacterium kansasii. PMID- 3919821 TI - Who should have an intraocular lens? PMID- 3919822 TI - Convulsions associated with cyclosporin A. PMID- 3919823 TI - Cerebral haemorrhagic infarction in young patients with hereditary protein C deficiency. PMID- 3919824 TI - Medical education and practice in Britain 150 years ago: a verbatim testimony. PMID- 3919825 TI - Prostatic carcinoma. PMID- 3919826 TI - Chronic hepatitis in the 1980s. PMID- 3919828 TI - Doctors, drugs, and government. PMID- 3919827 TI - Third generation cephalosporins. PMID- 3919829 TI - Immunocytochemical staining of breast carcinoma with the monoclonal antibody NCRC 11: a new prognostic indicator. AB - The staining of breast cancer with a new monoclonal antibody, NCRC 11, was studied in a series of 126 women with primary breast carcinoma. Tumour samples embedded in paraffin were tested, and the minimum duration of follow up was five years or to death. Altogether 119 tumours stained positively. There was a strong relation between the intensity of staining, divided on a four point scale, and patient survival. Patients whose tumours exhibited intense staining had an improved survival compared with those with less intensely staining tumours (p less than 0.0001). Staining related weakly to histological grade but not significantly to oestrogen receptor state or the pathological stage of lymph node disease. Mathematical analysis showed the relation to survival to be independent of the other known prognostic factors. Inclusion of intensity of staining with other factors in a prognostic index might permit a more accurate estimation of prognosis in patients with breast cancer. PMID- 3919830 TI - Variation in natural killer activity in peripheral blood during the menstrual cycle. AB - Natural killer activity was measured sequentially in normal female volunteers through their menstrual cycle. During the periovulatory period there was a significant fall in natural killer activity compared with in normal male volunteers. This variation was not apparent in women taking oral contraception. Cytotoxic activity was not related to oestradiol concentrations in individual women. The data support an interaction between immunological activity and sex hormones over the normal physiological range and would account for the described reduction in natural killer activity in pooled blood from female blood donors. PMID- 3919831 TI - High dose cisplatin compared with high dose cyclophosphamide in the management of advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (FIGO stages III and IV): report from the North Thames Cooperative Group. AB - A randomised study comparing cisplatin 120 mg intravenously with cyclophosphamide 2 g intravenously, each drug being given every month for six months followed by a low dose regimen for a further six months in responding patients, was carried out in 86 patients with advanced epithelial ovarian carcinoma (FIGO stages III and IV). Patients given cisplatin were found to have a longer median survival time than those given cyclophosphamide (19 months compared with 12 months) and a longer median duration of complete clinical response (18 months compared with eight months). The difference in disease free survival was statistically significant even after factors such as age, stage of disease, and the completeness of initial surgery had been taken into account. This study suggests that cisplatin is a more effective chemotherapeutic agent than cyclophosphamide for advanced ovarian cancer and should be the agent of choice in future trials comparing combination chemotherapy with a single agent. PMID- 3919832 TI - The Tromso heart study: coffee consumption and serum lipid concentrations in men with hypercholesterolaemia: an randomised intervention study. AB - In a 10 week trial to assess the effects of coffee consumption and coffee brewing methods on serum cholesterol concentrations 33 men with hypercholesterolaemia were randomly assigned to: continue with their usual coffee intake; stop drinking coffee altogether; or stop drinking coffee for five weeks, thereafter drinking either boiled or filter coffee. Cholesterol concentrations fell significantly in all subjects abstaining for the first five weeks compared with subjects not giving up and continued to fall in those abstaining for 10 weeks. Cholesterol concentrations rose again in subjects returning to boiled coffee but remained the same in those returning to filter coffee. Abstention from heavy coffee drinking is an efficient way of reducing serum cholesterol concentrations in men with hypercholesterolaemia. The extent to which the brewing method affects this relation requires further study. PMID- 3919833 TI - Rapid development and progression of proliferative retinopathy after strict diabetic control. PMID- 3919834 TI - Acute renal failure after eating raw fish gall bladder. PMID- 3919835 TI - Respiratory arrest after solvent abuse. PMID- 3919836 TI - Pregnancy after chemotherapy induced ovarian failure. PMID- 3919837 TI - Screening Rastafarian children for nutritional rickets. AB - We examined 42 Rastafarian children under 5 years of age who were registered with a single inner city general practice to determine the prevalence of nutritional rickets. Twenty children were receiving a strict vegan(I-tal) diet and were considered to be at high risk of developing rickets and were referred for biochemical and radiological investigation. Seven of 20 children investigated had rickets, giving an overall prevalence of 7/42. Treatment with oral cholecalciferol was successful in all seven children. Fourteen out of 18 children had evidence of iron deficiency, with low haemoglobin concentrations and hypochromic-microcytic blood films. Before this study Rastafarian children rarely attended the well baby clinic, received no vitamin supplements, and few had been immunised. They now regularly attend the clinic, receive vitamin and iron supplements, and all have completed primary immunisation. PMID- 3919838 TI - General practitioner obstetrics in the Northern region in 1983. AB - In late 1983 a four page questionnaire on general practitioner obstetrics was sent to a 50% random sample of general practitioners in the Northern region of England; 84% responded. Half of them said that they had access to general practitioner facilities for delivery, and half of these used them. A quarter of all respondents had provided intranatal care previously but had given it up, most of them during the late 1970s. Younger general practitioners were more highly qualified in obstetrics than older ones but did not do more intranatal work. Isolated general practitioner maternity units were much more likely to be used than those that were alongside consultant units or integrated with them. Ninety per cent of respondents provided antenatal care, 77% of these at special clinics and 88% with midwives in attendance. Teamwork, however, was not well developed. Increasing general practitioner participation in obstetric care seems feasible but depends heavily on more appropriate training and intranatal facilities being provided for general practitioners in association with specialist units. PMID- 3919839 TI - Sequelae and support after termination of pregnancy for fetal malformation. AB - A retrospective study examined the reactions to the termination of pregnancy for fetal malformation and the follow up services that were available. Women resident in Mid Glamorgan who had had a termination between 1977 and 1981 because of positive findings after midtrimester prenatal diagnostic tests for neural tube defect or chromosome abnormalities were interviewed at home using a semistructured interview schedule. Three retrospective internal comparison groups were formed from those women who had also had a spontaneous abortion, previous stillbirth, or neonatal death or previous termination for medicosocial reasons early in pregnancy. Of the 48 women interviewed, 37 (77%) experienced an acute grief reaction after the index pregnancy was ended. This reaction was akin to that documented after stillbirth or neonatal death. Twenty two women (46%) remained symptomatic six months after the pregnancy had been ended, some requiring psychiatric support, compared with no such reaction after spontaneous abortion or termination for medicosocial reasons. All the women who had previously had a stillbirth or neonatal death were visited at home either by the general practitioner or by the midwife after that event but such follow up was limited to only eight of the study group after termination for fetal malformation. The findings suggest that support is inadequate for these patients and that improved follow up and counselling services may lessen the adverse sequelae of termination for fetal malformation. PMID- 3919840 TI - Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Microvascular surgery. PMID- 3919841 TI - Rehabilitation after head injury: 2--behaviour and emotional problems, long term needs, and the requirements for services. PMID- 3919842 TI - Suspected thyrotoxicosis. PMID- 3919843 TI - From the PHLS. Virus meningitis and encephalitis 1978-82. PMID- 3919844 TI - Paediatrics among ethnic minorities. Families from the Mediterranean and Aegean. PMID- 3919845 TI - AIDS: the African connection? PMID- 3919846 TI - Peptic ulcer and piroxicam. PMID- 3919847 TI - Platelets and coronary disease. PMID- 3919848 TI - Pneumococcal bacteraemia. PMID- 3919849 TI - Can preliminary screening of dyspeptic patients allow more effective use of investigational techniques? PMID- 3919850 TI - Increasing the uptake of rubella immunisation. PMID- 3919851 TI - Measles matters. PMID- 3919852 TI - Lectins: a role in sarcoidosis? PMID- 3919853 TI - Hydrofluoric acid burns. PMID- 3919854 TI - Why do patients with lupus nephritis die? PMID- 3919855 TI - Prolactinomas. PMID- 3919856 TI - Convulsions associated with cyclosporin A in transplant recipients. PMID- 3919857 TI - Lectins. PMID- 3919858 TI - Morbidity and survival in neonates ventilated for the respiratory distress syndrome. PMID- 3919860 TI - The COMA report: what is left out. PMID- 3919859 TI - AIDS guidelines too stringent? PMID- 3919861 TI - Precipitation of laryngeal obstruction in acute epiglottitis. PMID- 3919862 TI - Maintaining standards in the independent sector of health care. PMID- 3919863 TI - Dietary salt and hypertension: treatment and prevention. PMID- 3919864 TI - Chemotherapy of Hodgkin's disease comes of age. PMID- 3919865 TI - Cigar and pipe smoking and the heart. PMID- 3919866 TI - Scots lead the way on alcohol. PMID- 3919867 TI - Family practitioner committees: a price for independence? PMID- 3919868 TI - The Tayside infant morbidity and mortality study: effect on health of using gas for cooking. AB - The relation between respiratory illness and the use of gas for cooking was examined from data on 1565 infants born to mothers who were primigravidas living in Dundee in 1980. Episodes of, and admissions to hospital for, respiratory illness were recorded during the first year of life. Both admissions and episodes were more common in infants from families using gas for cooking or heating than in infants from families using any other type of cooking or heating, but the differences were not significant. Results from this and other studies show that there is probably a small relation between respiratory illness and the use of gas appliances without a flue. To show convincingly whether such a relation exists might require a survey of 18 000-23 000 subjects. Respiratory illness was, however, strongly and positively related to parental smoking, a finding that is often made even in small studies. PMID- 3919869 TI - Invasive cervical cancer and combined oral contraceptives. WHO collaborative study of neoplasia and steroid contraceptives. AB - A multicentre, hospital based case-control study is being conducted under the auspices of the World Health Organisation to determine whether steroid contraceptives alter the risk of gynaecological, breast, and hepatic neoplasms. Preliminary results, largely from developing countries, on the relation between combined oral contraceptives and invasive cervical carcinoma showed a relative risk of 1.19 (95% confidence interval 0.99-1.44) in women who had ever used oral contraceptives. The risk increased with duration of use, giving a relative risk of 1.53 after five years. This finding supports a causal interpretation, but it could also be due to incomplete control for confounding sexual variables and other sources of bias. PMID- 3919870 TI - Paecilomyces varioti pneumonia complicating hairy cell leukaemia. PMID- 3919871 TI - Amoxycillin induced pancytopenia. PMID- 3919872 TI - Peritonitis due to Streptococcus viridans in patients receiving continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. PMID- 3919873 TI - Comparison of erythromycin and isoniazid in treatment of adverse reactions to BCG vaccination. PMID- 3919874 TI - General practitioner participation in intranatal care in the northern region in 1983. AB - In 1983 a quarter of general practitioners in the Northern region of England cared for obstetric deliveries and half of these for a minimum of 10 deliveries a year. Most expected their intranatal work to remain at the same level or increase in the next 10 years. Most participating general practitioners did their own forceps deliveries and initiated inductions. Most out of hours deliveries were attended by the mother's own general practitioner or a partner. A quarter of all respondents had cared for planned and unplanned home births. Few were happy about attending them, but most would provide planned home care if urged to do so. PMID- 3919875 TI - Vocational training needs overhauling. PMID- 3919876 TI - Use and abuse of psychiatric testimony. PMID- 3919877 TI - Differences in durations of stay for surgery in the NHS and private sector in England and Wales. AB - Median durations of stay in England and Wales for eight "marker" operations were consistently shorter for patients in pay beds in the National Health Service than for patients in independent acute hospitals or public sector beds. This pattern was seen for both preoperative and postoperative stay and among specific age groups. Differential use of other hospitals for part of the period of care was not a factor, except for patients having hip replacement operations treated in NHS pay beds, one in seven of whom appeared to transfer to public sector care postoperatively. These findings suggest that there is scope for a possible further reduction in durations of stay in public sector beds and, within the private sector, for an assessment of whether spells in independent hospitals need be longer than in NHS pay beds. PMID- 3919878 TI - Rehabilitation in psychiatric conditions: 1--Community and residential care. PMID- 3919879 TI - Paediatrics among ethnic minorities. Afro-Caribbean and African families. PMID- 3919880 TI - Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Burns. PMID- 3919881 TI - Membrane lamellation in brain unrelated to spongiform encephalopathy. AB - When sections from the cerebral cortex of 5 normal rats and 2 normal monkeys were stained with saturated aqueous uranyl acetate (without block staining) and examined with the electron microscope, all 7 animal brains showed abundant membrane lamellation between apposed neuronal and neuroglial processes. Such lamellations match those described by Beck et al. (1982) in the brains of kuru inoculated monkeys in their early stages before spongiform encephalopathy has become established. The present observations question their contention that membrane lamellation is a real phenomenon and a prelude to spongiform change in kuru encephalopathy in the monkey. PMID- 3919882 TI - A note on membrane lamellation. PMID- 3919883 TI - The spectrum of cortical myoclonus. From focal reflex jerks to spontaneous motor epilepsy. AB - The purpose of this paper is to draw attention to the wide range of clinical motor phenomena which may be caused by abnormal sensorimotor cortical discharge. Eleven selected patients with cortical myoclonus are described. In all cases the brief muscle jerks appeared to involve cerebral cortical mechanisms, for there were enlarged cerebral evoked potentials to somatosensory or visual stimuli and (in 5 of the 6 cases investigated in this way) a time-locked cortical event preceded spontaneous or action-induced jerking. In some patients, cortical myoclonus occurred only in response to a variety of afferent inputs (cortical reflex myoclonus). In others, the myoclonus occurred only during movement, when cortical mechanisms were activated voluntarily (cortical action myoclonus), or the cortical discharge occurred spontaneously (spontaneous cortical myoclonus and epilepsia partialis continua), and even spread to cause focal motor epilepsy (Jacksonian seizures). Some patients showed combinations of stimulus sensitive and spontaneous myoclonus, epilepsia partialis continua, focal motor epilepsy and generalized grand mal seizures. Such variations probably represent subtle differences in the site of abnormality in sensorimotor cortical neuronal mechanisms. PMID- 3919884 TI - Pathogenesis of giant somatosensory evoked potentials in progressive myoclonic epilepsy. AB - Fifty-seven consecutive patients with myoclonus from various causes were studied by electrophysiological techniques. Giant somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) were observed almost exclusively in patients with progressive myoclonic epilepsy (PME) and diseases with similar clinical features that included lipidosis, neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis and posthypoxic myoclonus. On the basis of combinations of the giant SEP and the myoclonus-related cortical spike demonstrated by jerk-locked averaging, myoclonus in these patients was classified into four types. In patients with 'cortical reflex' myoclonus (type I) who showed both the giant SEP and the myoclonus-related cortical spike, these two cortical activities were similar in terms of wave form, scalp topography, time relationship to either the long latency (C) reflex or myoclonus, the following cortical excitability, the effect of antimyoclonus drugs and alterations during slow wave sleep. It is therefore postulated that the giant SEP is generated, at least in part, by common physiological mechanisms to the myoclonus-related cortical spike, or that the latter may comprise a constituent of the former. In most patients with PME or allied diseases, both afferent and efferent components of the SEP are enhanced, but in some patients, only one of the two components seems to be predominantly enhanced. PMID- 3919885 TI - [Involvement of bone tissue in chicken infected with the myeloblastic MAV 2-0 virus. Generalized cortical hyperostosis]. AB - An affection of osseous tissue appears in chicken have been injected at the embryonic state with retrovirus myeloblastic MAV 2-0 in solution. The structural lesions are different from these examined in human or murine osteopetrosis, considered to be an general cortical hyperostosis. PMID- 3919886 TI - [Effect of invertebrate rickettsiae on vertebrates: experimental infection of mice by Rickettsiella grylli]. AB - An analysis by cytology, electron microscopy, and serology of experimental infections of the mouse by an invertebrate rickettsia with chlamydial cycle, Rickettsiella grylli, showed that, according to the routes and the severity of the infection, the pathogen can have no effect, or cause local inflammations, or induce degenerative or malignant processes. The very limited development of the pathogen as well as the possible direct role of the chlamydial elementary bodies and toxins in the pathogenesis are discussed. PMID- 3919887 TI - [In vivo antitumor activity of hydrosoluble derivatives of 7 hydroxycholesterols]. AB - Sodium bis-hemisuccinates of 7 beta- and 7 alpha-hydroxycholesterols are moderately water-soluble. They have been tested intraperitoneally against the murine Krebs-II carcinoma, grown as an ascitic tumour, and their action has been compared with that of usual chemotherapeutic drugs, cyclophosphamide, 5-fluoro uracil, and methotrexate. The hydroxycholesterol derivatives show a faster and stronger activity (life prolongation), and lead to the complete disappearance of the tumour in about 1/3 of the cases, even with one single injection. Similar results have been obtained (on fewer cases) with two other experimental ascitic tumours, the S-180 sarcoma and the ZHC hepatoma. The mechanism of action is not known; it appears to be very different from that of the usual anti-cancer chemotherapeutic agents. PMID- 3919888 TI - [Demonstration of specific platelet function anomaly in asthma induced by aspirin: diagnostic consequences]. AB - Aspirin-sensitive asthma is a common and severe disorder characterized by asthmatic attacks after oral ingestion of cyclooxygenase inhibiting drugs. Yet its pathophysiology remains unknown, and no specific in vitro abnormality, neither humoral nor cellular, has been detected in these patients. We have recently described a new model of platelet activation--IgE-dependent platelet activation--expressed by the release of cytocidal mediators and oxygen metabolites. We have now investigated whether cyclooxygenase inhibitors induce a similar response in platelets from aspirin-sensitive asthmatics in vitro. Aspirin or indomethacin strikingly activated platelets from 12 aspirin-sensitive asthmatics to the same extent as IgE-dependent stimuli, but had no effect on platelets from 18 controls (p less than 0.0001). Sodium salicylate, which does not inhibit cyclooxygenase, did not trigger platelets from aspirin-sensitive asthmatics. Preincubation with sodium salicylate or prostaglandin endoperoxides (PGH2), selectively prevented further platelet activation by aspirin or indomethacin (90% inhibition), suggesting that this abnormal platelet activation is the consequence of cyclooxygenase inhibition. This represents the first identification of a specific abnormal cellular response in aspirin-sensitive asthma, provides the basis for an in vitro diagnostic test of the disease, and for new insights on its pathogenesis and its prevention. PMID- 3919889 TI - [Rearrangement of the c-myc proto-oncogene locus in a cell line of T lymphoblastic origin]. AB - A molecular rearrangement of the proto-oncogene c-myc located downstream of the exon III 3' end has been found in a cell line derived from KE37 cell line established from an acute T-lymphoblastic leukemia. This rearrangement resulted from a chromosomal translocation t(8; 14)(q24; q11). Since the 14q11 chromosomal band has been found to be involved in several T-cell leukemias and lymphomas, the importance of the rearrangement of c-myc discovered in the KE37 cell line lies in the possibility of analyzing chromosome 14 DNA near the breakpoint involved in the translocation. PMID- 3919890 TI - [Existence of sequences homologous to the V-MYB oncogene in the genome of archaebacteria]. AB - The presence of DNA sequences homologous to the v-myb oncogene in the genome of both halophilic and methanogenic archaebacteria was revealed after hybridization of restriction fragments with cloned probes. No myb-related sequences were detected in the DNA from S. acidocaldarius. PMID- 3919891 TI - [A left-handed helix molecular model of C-DNA in agreement with fiber X-ray and infrared]. AB - A left handed double helix is proposed as a model for C-DNA. This conformation presents geometrical parameters which are in agreement with X-ray data as well as with infrared measurements. Dihedral angles and atomic coordinates are given together with a stereo view. Curves of the calculated diffracted intensities are compared with experimental data. PMID- 3919892 TI - [Monoclonal antibody analysis of human pancreatic juice components related to the pancreatic calculi protein]. AB - A CaCO3-crystal growth inhibitor has recently been isolated from the calculi of patients affected by pancreatic lithiasis. It is a phosphoglycoprotein, with a molecular weight of 14,000, whose probable physiological role is the stabilization of exocrine pancreatic secretion which is supersaturated with respect to CaCO3. In order to isolate this inhibitor from human pancreatic juice, monoclonal antibodies to the protein were prepared and an immunoadsorbent column was developed. Sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of proteins fixed by the immunoadsorbent reveals the form having a molecular weight of 14,000, in addition to other protein bands which have higher molecular weights (16,000, 16,800, 18,000, and 18,800). All of these different proteins are also recognized by a monospecific polyclonal antibody to the 14,000 molecular weight form. Using the same monospecific polyclonal antibody only one messenger RNA coding for this inhibitor has been demonstrated. Thus, this heterogeneity might be explained by post-translational modifications. PMID- 3919893 TI - [Anatomopathology, physiopathology and treatment of the emphysematous disease of infants (apropos of an experience with 133 surgically treated cases)]. AB - Infantile and childhood lobar pulmonary emphysema (LPE) has finally become a rather straightforward problem after 28 years experience and the important statistics published. Contrary to adult emphysema, and leaving aside the particular aspects of causal lesions, the pediatric form is usually a unilateral lobar or infralobar disorder, and therefore lends itself to surgical treatment. PMID- 3919894 TI - [Effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on bone resorption and 45Ca2+ efflux in bone cells]. AB - 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3[1,25(OH)2D3] effects on bone resorption in organ culture and on 45Ca2+ efflux rates in bone cells were measured in presence of a calcium channel inhibitor, diltiazem. Though, diltiazem reduced the 45Ca release from mice calvaria it did not act at the same Ca compartment as 1,25(OH)2D3 to alter Ca2+ flux parameters. It therefore seems difficult to hypothesize a simple relationship between bone resorption and Ca2+ movements in bone cells. PMID- 3919895 TI - [Properties of thalamocortical cells identified by antidromic stimulation in the ventrolateral and ventrobasal thalamic nuclei in rats]. AB - The physiological and pharmacological properties of thalamocortical neurons, identified by electrical antidromic stimulation of the frontoparietal cortex, were studied in the ventrobasal and ventrolateral thalamic nuclei in urethane anaesthetized rats. The spontaneous activity and conduction velocity of these neurons were similar in both nuclei. At both sites, thalamocortical neurons could be excited through iontophoretic application of acetylcholine and muscarinic or nicotinic agonists. Despite the known differences in thalamic organization of the two species, these properties are quite similar to those described in cat by other authors. PMID- 3919896 TI - An assessment of the Reach to Recovery program. PMID- 3919897 TI - Lung cancer: a feminist issue. PMID- 3919899 TI - Salivary gland tumors. PMID- 3919898 TI - Cancer and pregnancy. PMID- 3919900 TI - The non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. PMID- 3919901 TI - Hodgkin's disease: historical perspective, current status, and future directions. PMID- 3919902 TI - Hereditary colon cancer: polyposis and nonpolyposis variants. PMID- 3919903 TI - [Scanning electron microscopic and ultrastructural observations on atherosclerotic aneurysm of the aorta]. PMID- 3919904 TI - [Perfusional effects of extracorporeal circulation under deep hypothermia on the canine cerebral and conjunctival microcirculation]. PMID- 3919905 TI - [Variations of the level of serum zinc and copper and of the Cu/Zn ratio in extrahepatic obstructive jaundice]. PMID- 3919906 TI - [Preliminary report on the production of hybridoma cell lines secreting monoclonal antibodies against adult worm antigens of Paragonimus westermani]. PMID- 3919907 TI - [Comparative disc electrophoretic study of Paragonimus skrjabini and Paragonimus westermani]. PMID- 3919908 TI - [Further study on the role of high density Lipoproteins (HDL) in preventing the development of atheromatous plaques in tree shrews]. PMID- 3919909 TI - Primary nursing in long-term care. PMID- 3919910 TI - IgDK multiple myeloma presenting as unilateral proptosis. AB - A 72-year-old woman presented with painful proptosis of the right eye and a large destructive tumour of the middle cranial fossa. A diagnosis of IgDK multiple myeloma was made, based on histopathologic and immunologic studies of the biopsy. Biochemistry and bone marrow examination further confirmed the myeloma as IgDK type. The clinical, radiological, and pathological findings are presented. The patient was treated with radiotherapy with satisfactory results. PMID- 3919911 TI - Nephrotic syndrome and renal failure secondary to lithium carbonate therapy. PMID- 3919912 TI - Case of chronic meningococcemia in British Columbia. PMID- 3919913 TI - The issue of Alzheimer's care and treatment. PMID- 3919914 TI - Valproic acid therapy and neural tube defects. PMID- 3919915 TI - Plasma concentrations of pituitary and testicular hormones of fertile and infertile men. AB - The serum concentrations of prolactin (PRL), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) and the plasma concentrations of testosterone, 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and oestradiol were measured in 80 infertile men and 38 men of known fertility. The infertile men had a lower mean concentration of prolactin and a higher mean concentration of FSH than the fertile controls. The mean FSH was particularly high in infertile men without antisperm antibodies but with oligospermia (sperm density up to 20 million/ml), who also had a higher mean serum LH level than the fertile controls. Both FSH and LH showed an inverse relationship with sperm density. There were no significant differences in plasma testosterone, DHT or oestradiol between fertile and infertile men. In both the fertile and infertile groups strong positive associations were found between the concentrations of FSH and LH, and between testosterone and DHT. Weaker relationships were found between DHT and oestradiol, and between testosterone and PRL. In the fertile men, positive associations were also found between LH and testosterone, and between oestradiol and both FSH and LH. Testosterone and oestradiol were associated only in infertile men. The relevance of these findings to the aetiology of male infertility is discussed. PMID- 3919916 TI - Oestrogen measurement to predict multiple pregnancy from gonadotrophin therapy in amenorrhoea. AB - Twenty-four hour urinary oestrogen results obtained in 20 amenorrhoeic patients undergoing human menopausal gonadotrophin (hMG) therapy have been analysed in detail in an attempt to improve their value in predicting multiple conception. Of 96 treatment cycles 88 were acceptably stimulated including 76 presumed ovulatory (midluteal serum progesterone concentration greater than or equal to 30 nmol/l). Conception occurred in 27 (26% of all, 33% of ovulatory cycles), of which 10 were multiple (37%). The chance of conception or multiple conception could not be related to luteal progesterone or preovulatory peak urinary oestrogen levels (at least within the clinically imposed limits of the oestrogen values). Discriminant analysis applied to all oestrogen results in individual cycles failed to predict conception, but in the conception cycles was 86% successful in predicting a single or multiple conception. Multiple conceptions were associated with an earlier but slower rise in oestrogen excretion during the last 5 days of hMG therapy, although the starting and final oestrogen levels were approximately the same. Unfortunately, the differences were small and as conception cycles were in the minority and could not be distinguished from non-conception cycles the oestrogen results could not be used reliably in practice to predict multiple pregnancy. PMID- 3919917 TI - The effect of intravenous hyperalimentation on the dietary intake of patients with small cell lung cancer. A randomized trial. AB - In a randomized trial of 119 patients with small cell cancer of the lung, the effects of a 30-day course of central intravenous hyperalimentation (IVH) on dietary intake were evaluated. All patients underwent the same aggressive chemotherapy and radiation therapy; 57 patients received IVH and 62 served as controls. Median caloric intake prior to antineoplastic therapy was less than 1.2 times basal energy expenditure, below the maximum necessary to maintain weight. While receiving IVH, patients had increased caloric and protein intake. Once the IVH was stopped, oral intake was transiently depressed and thereafter similar to control patients. Baseline nutritional parameters, age, sex, and immediate toxicity from chemotherapy did not predict subsequent caloric insufficiency. Direct estimation of dietary intake is likely the most valuable measure in selecting patients who will need adjunctive nutritional support. PMID- 3919918 TI - Statistical errors invalidate conclusions in "Caffeine and unsaturated fat diet significantly promotes DMBA-induced breast cancer in rats". AB - The conclusion drawn in a recent paper by Minton and associates (Cancer 1983; 51:1249-1253), that caffeine and an unsaturated fat diet significantly promoted dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced breast cancer in rats, is based on fallacious statistical reasoning. Minton and associates based their conclusion on the mean latency to first tumor appearance for rats diagnosed with tumors. However, evaluation of percentages of tumor-bearing rats yields contrary results. Using data from a totally negative hypothetical two-group experiment, we demonstrate how such "conflicting" results could arise from differential intercurrent mortality in the two groups. The correct statistical analysis of this hypothetical experiment allows for differential intercurrent mortality and no conflict arises; the data of Minton and associates need to be analyzed by these methods. PMID- 3919919 TI - Radiation biology. AB - On a few occasions in the past, radiobiological experiments profoundly influenced the practice of radiotherapy. For example, it was shown in the 1920s that animals could be sterilized without damage to the skin of the scrotum if the testes were irradiated in multiple fractions, whereas in a single dose, sterilization was not possible without significant skin damage. These experiments led to the fractionation patterns used in conventional radiotherapy today. Few experiments have had such a dramatic impact, but since World War II, studies with mammalian cells in culture, transplantable animal tumors, and normal tissue systems produced an impressive body of experimental data. Conventional radiotherapy techniques now can be understood in terms of the basic principles of radiobiology. New horizons in radiotherapy are also suggested. These include the following: (1) altered fractionation schedules, including hyperfractionation and accelerated treatment; (2) the selection of groups of patients likely to benefit from neutrons; and (3) The use of hyperthermia alone or as an adjunct to radiation. PMID- 3919920 TI - External radiotherapy in thyroid cancers. AB - Surgery is the most effective treatment for thyroid cancer; however, in some subsets of patients, the role of radiotherapy (RT) is important. The main indication for external-beam RT is incomplete surgery. When neoplastic tissue is left behind at operation, RT must be considered, but only if an experienced surgeon feels that everything that can be done has been done. Generally, in those patients, the neoplastic tissue involves the larynx, trachea, esophagus, blood vessels or mediastinum. Of 539 patients with differentiated thyroid cancer treated at Villejuif, France, until 1976, 97 were treated by external radiotherapy after an incomplete surgical excision. Fifteen years after irradiation, the survival rate is 57% and is approximately 40% at 25 years. The relapse-free survival is lower (39% at 15 years). In patients irradiated with an adequate dose (greater than or equal to 50 Gy) to residual neoplastic tissue after incomplete surgery, the incidence of local recurrence is low (actuarial probability of local recurrence 11% at 15 years versus 23% for patients treated by surgery alone, although the irradiated patients had larger and more extensive tumors). This demonstrates the efficacy of external-beam radiotherapy. The effects of radiotherapy on a residual tumor can be monitored by a serum thyroglobulin assay. With regard to local control of tumors, the effectiveness of radioiodine administration is clearly lower. However, since radioiodine facilitates early detection of distant metastases, a combination of external RT and radioiodine is indicated and is well-tolerated. For inoperable patients, the results of RT are limited: although complete remissions are sometimes obtained, the incidence of local recurrence is high. External RT is effective in medullary carcinoma despite the slow shrinkage of the tumor after irradiation. Assay of the calcitonin level helps to monitor the effects of the treatment during follow-up and has demonstrated in some patients the efficacy of cervical RT. In undifferentiated cancers, the results of RT are poor. Combination of RT and chemotherapy are being explored despite the disappointing preliminary results of this combination. PMID- 3919921 TI - Stage IA to IIB supradiaphragmatic Hodgkin's disease. Long-term survival and relapse frequency. AB - Long-term survival and prognostic factors were analyzed in 307 patients with pathologically staged IA to IIB supradiaphragmatic Hodgkin's disease (HD). Treatment with radiation therapy (RT) alone resulted in a 10-year actuarial freedom from first relapse (FFR) of 88% and 10-year survival of 95% for Stage IA patients and a FFR and survival of 76% and 93%, respectively, for Stage IIA patients. Stage IB to IIB patients had similar survivals when treated with combined-modality therapy (CMT) (85%) or RT alone (77%). Stage IA to IIB patients with large mediastinal adenopathy (LMA) treated with RT alone had a significantly worse survival as compared with patients with lesser or no mediastinal adenopathy, 83% versus 94%, respectively, P = 0.006. Initial CMT for patients with LMA resulted in an improved FFR as compared with patients treated with RT alone, 83% versus 49%, respectively (P = 0.05); however, no differences in survival were seen. Other prognostic factors are analyzed. These data support the initial use of Rt alone in early-stage Hodgkin's disease patients. CMT should only be used for selective patients, such as those with LMA in which the volume to be irradiated is large. In these patients, initial chemotherapy followed by irradiation may allow treatment of small volumes of heart and lung. PMID- 3919922 TI - Potential for radiotherapy alone in prostatic cancer. AB - External beam irradiation was introduced in the 1930s for the palliation of advanced pelvic obstructive disease from carcinoma of the prostate. This treatment was superseded in the early 1940s by hormone deprivation, a remarkably effective method for palliating advanced prostatic cancer. It took some years to recognize, however, that these methods were not curative. In the mid 1950s, aggressive radiation treatment was reintroduced, largely because of the availability of deeply penetrating gamma and x-rays produced by cobalt units, linear accelerators, and betatrons. One extensive series was started at Stanford in 1956; currently over 800 patients are available for analysis. Four hundred fifty-eight patients had disease limited to the prostate (nominal Stages T2 or B), and their survival is 80% +/- 2.0% (+/- 1 standard error) at 5 years, 58% +/- 2.8% at 10 years, and 36.7% +/- 3.8% at 15 years. Three hundred eighty-five patients had extracapsular extension (nominal Stages T3 or C) and their survival is 60% +/- 5.4% at 5 years, 36% +/- 2.9% at 10 years, and 22% +/- 3.5% at 15 years. This study has demonstrated that long-term disease-free survival can be achieved after appropriate prostatic irradiation. PMID- 3919923 TI - Biologic basis for altered fractionation schemes. AB - Conventional is commonly not universally correct, and so with dose fractionation in radiotherapy. Fractionation spares slowly responding tissues more than tissues and tumors that show an early response, suggesting that therapeutic gains may be further increased by reducing fractional doses below 1.8 to 2 Gy. The overall duration of a course of radiotherapy should not be the same for all tumors in all sites because the time of onset of regeneration after the start of radiotherapy varies from tissue to tissue and among tumors. Although growth kinetics and dose response characteristics are known to vary, inability to identify and quantify them prospectively frustrates rational selection of patients for individualized fractionation regimens. In general, curative radiotherapy should be delivered in as short an overall time as possible using the smallest practical dose per fraction. Although 2 Gy, 5 times per week may be a reasonable "average" treatment, greater individualization should be a research goal. PMID- 3919924 TI - Twice-a-day irradiation technique for squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck. AB - A twice-a-day treatment schedule has been used to manage 57 patients with moderately advanced and advanced squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck between March 1978 and July 1981. Fifty patients received radiation therapy alone to the primary site with neck dissection added in 13; seven received preoperative irradiation followed by resection of the primary lesion and clinically positive lymph nodes. A dose of 120 rad was delivered twice daily to the primary site and upper neck nodes with a 4- to 6-hour interval. The dose from external beam was usually 7440 to 7680 rad for irradiation alone to the primary site. An interstitial implant boost of 1000 to 1500 rad was added in four patients. When at least 7440 was used, 2 of 3 and 11 of 13 T3 lesions were locally controlled with a 2- to 5-year follow-up. T4 lesions were initially treated with 7440 rad, but only one of ten lesions was controlled; the dose was then increased to 7680 to 8100 rad, with or without an implant, and three of eight T4 lesions were controlled. The acute effects were tolerable, and similar to those seen with once a-day treatments. There has been one possible severe complication of irradiation and two severe complications of salvage operations. The late normal tissue effects of radiation are probably reduced, but the number of patients observed for 4 and 5 years is limited. Determinate survival free of disease at 2 years for the entire group is 47%. The 2-year determinate disease-free survival for Stage III was 86% (6/7), for Stage IVA, 63% (12/19), and for Stage IVB, 22% (5/23). PMID- 3919925 TI - Twice-a-day radiation therapy for cancer of the head and neck. AB - Experience with the twice-a-day (BID) radiation therapy program for carcinomas of the head and neck areas is presented. The program consists of 1.6 Gy per fraction, two fractions per day with 4 hours between fractions, for 12 days, 5 days a week. After 38.4 Gy, the patient is given a 2-week break for symptoms of acute mucositis to subside and then twice-a-day radiation therapy is resumed with similar fraction size, two fractions a day for an additional 8 days to bring the total dose to 64 Gy. In some instances the primary site was boosted to an additional BID day with a maximum of 67.2 Gy. The spinal cord dose was limited to 38.4 Gy. A subset of 321 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity (61 patients), oropharynx (74 patients), and larynx (186 patients) treated by this program is reported. Marked improvement in local control rate at 36 months was observed for advanced tumors (T3 and T4) and with nodal disease by BID radiation therapy program as compared to conventional once-a-day (QD) radiation therapy program. The improvement in local control for early lesions, T1 and T2 when treated with BID radiation therapy was not noted to reach a statistically significant level. However, the successful results are quite different when compared to QD radiation therapy program, with a trend suggesting that significant difference might exist if additional patients had been entered into the studies. Acute mucosal reactions are generally more severe than those produced by QD continuous radiation therapy, but the duration of symptoms is shorter. Late effects on the normal tissues, as observed during the 4-year follow up period, show no undue subcutaneous or mucosal reactions nor an increase in chondronecrosis or osteoradionecrosis. With the dose limited to 38.4 Gy in 2.5 weeks to the spinal cord, no case of radiation myelitis has been encountered. PMID- 3919926 TI - Predicting radiocurability. AB - Several predictors of tumor radiocurability are already integrated into clinical practice, e.g., tumor size, gross morphologic features (i.e., infiltrative or exophytic), histologic type, and grade. These are relatively imprecise, however, and none is specific. The aim of research into predictive assays is not only to refine the discrimination of existing predictors but also to suggest specific experimental approaches for overcoming tumor radioresistance in individual patients. Two broad categories of predictive assays can be defined: direct and indirect measurements of tumor cell survival and/or repair capability following irradiation and measurement of cellular and extracellular parameters affecting radiosensitivity. Examples from ongoing research at the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Hospital using one technique from each category (the micronucleus assay and flow cytometric analysis of tumor cell proliferation kinetics and ploidy) are used to illustrate potential methods of selecting patients for fast neutron radiotherapy. PMID- 3919927 TI - Treatment of anal canal carcinoma. AB - The treatment philosophy of anal canal carcinoma is changing. Abdominoperineal resection (APR) with a permanent colostomy is beginning to be replaced by lesser surgical techniques, such as excisional biopsy in a multimodality approach. Radical radiation therapy is capable of eradicating the primary tumor and yielding a high survival rate. External radiation therapy alone has been reported to result in 80% local control and 79% 5-year actuarial survival. Combining external radiation therapy with brachytherapy has yielded a 65% 5-year disease free survival. Combined chemotherapy and radiation therapy, i.e., preoperative 5 fluorouracil and mitomycin C, with 3000 rad pelvic irradiation, allowed over 50% of the patients in each of two previous studies to be spared an APR. Close examination of the data shows that APR may not have been necessary in those who had it. Frequently, no disease was found in the resected specimen. When disease was present, there was a high rate of local recurrence in spite of APR. Although the ideal treatment may not be devised, patients are beginning to be cured of this disease while still retaining a functional anal sphincter. PMID- 3919928 TI - The need for complex technology in radiation oncology. Correlations of facility characteristics and structure with outcome. AB - The Patterns of Care Study data are used to correlate therapy equipment and practice characteristics with outcome, using Hodgkin's disease, prostate cancer, and cervix cancer as examples. The shift to linear accelerators and higher photon energy is supported, as is the increased use of treatment simulators. Part-time practitioners of radiation therapy and facilities whose only equipment is a less than-80-cm cobalt unit have poor technical support and exhibit poor staging, poor achievement of minimum tumor dose, and poor patient follow-up as compared to the national average or best-performing strata of practice. These facilities should either upgrade their equipment, technical support, and level of practice or close. PMID- 3919929 TI - Residual, recurrent, or unresectable gastrointestinal cancer. Role of radiation in single or combined modality treatment. AB - When conventional modalities of external beam irradiation and chemotherapy +/- resection are used in the treatment of locally advanced gastrointestinal malignancies, although useful palliation can be achieved in many patients, cure and long-term survival is infrequent. Aggressive combined modality approaches have recently encorporated irradiation boost techniques with intraoperative electrons or intraoperative or transcatheter brachytherapy. Both local control and long-term survival appear to be improved when compared with results achieved with conventional treatment. Randomized trials are needed to determine if the observed differences are real or due to differences in case selection. PMID- 3919930 TI - Radiation therapy alone or in combination with surgery in head and neck cancer. AB - Radiation therapy alone, surgery alone, or the combination of these two modalities, remain the accepted treatments in the management of epidermoid carcinomas of the mucosa of the head and neck. These modalities of therapy produce comparable results; but, radiotherapy alone has the advantage that it can conserve anatomy and function. Irradiation with teletherapy techniques, at times supplemented by interstitial brachytherapy, with doses ranging from 6600 to 8000 cGy, results in satisfactory tumor response (CR). The CR of T1N0 and T2N0 lesions will be 99% and 90% respectively, but only 29% in T4N3 tumors treated with radiation only. To improve on the limited CR rate achieved in the advanced stages, surgery is combined pre or post-irradiation, or reserved for the salvage of failures. In the oral cavity and oropharynx, these possible options give comparable tumor control and survival, but in the supraglottic larynx post operative irradiation is superior to pre-operative radiotherapy. Tumor recurrence rates in the head and neck range from 15 to 34% depending on initial site, stage and type of therapy. Cancer control activities that emphasize prevention and early diagnosis should present a better future for these patients. PMID- 3919931 TI - Local regional effectiveness of surgery and radiation therapy in the treatment of breast cancer. AB - Although gross tumor can be controlled with high doses of radiation therapy, control is achieved at the expense of severe radiation sequelae. In order to improve tumor control with minimum complications, the field of treatment should contain only subclinical disease. This article reviews the successful combination of surgery for the removal of gross cancer and radiation of moderate dose for the treatment of subclinical disease in patients with breast cancer. In patients with clinically favorable and operable disease, the combination of a radical or modified radical mastectomy and postoperative radiation therapy of 5000 rad to the peripheral lymphatics and chest wall can secure 90% of the treated areas. For patients with locally and regionally advanced breast cancer, the combination of a simple mastectomy and dissection of the lateral axilla followed by postoperative irradiation of 5000 rad in 5 weeks to the chest wall, axilla, and peripheral lymphatic areas will control more than 85% of the patients treated as compared with approximately 70% control when surgery or radiotherapy alone is used, even with chemotherapy. Yet another clinical application of the subclinical disease concept is the successful combination of conservation surgery (whether segmental mastectomy, quadrantectomy, or wide excision) for gross tumor in the breast and axilla and irradiation for residual microscopic and multiple foci of tumor, yielding more than 90% control of locoregional disease with survival rates equal to those patients treated with radical or modified radical mastectomy. Results of multiple clinical trials and reported series are reviewed. PMID- 3919932 TI - Radiation therapy of soft tissue sarcomas. AB - Radiation therapy combined with conservative surgical resection has been shown to be an effective method of producing local control in patients with soft tissue sarcomas. In 170 patients treated with this combination at the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) the 5-year actuarial local control rate was 84% and the 5 year survival rate 69%. For tumors in the extremity, treatment resulted in limbs with normal or near-normal function. The combination of preoperative irradiation to doses of approximately 5000 cGy, followed by local resection and an additional dose of 1400 cGy, delivered either intraoperatively or postoperatively, has theoretical advantages in terms of decreasing tumor implantation, facilitating a conservative surgical resection, and assuring full cooperation between the various physicians. Sixty patients have been treated with this approach at the MGH with good local control and without major problems with wound healing. When surgical resection is not performed, radiation therapy alone can produce local control and survival in 44% and 28% of patients, respectively. PMID- 3919933 TI - Bladder cancer. The selection of patients for treatment by full-dose irradiation. AB - Cure of muscle-invading bladder carcinoma in 20% to 39% of patients using full dose external beam irradiation has been reported by many institutions in the last 10 years. Local failure occurs in 50% of patients so treated, however, and successful selection criteria for bladder-sparing radiotherapy are necessary. Prognostic factors which have been identified to be associated with a relatively successful outcome using full-dose irradiation include (1) the clinical stages T2 and T3, (2) the absence of ureteral obstruction on initial intravenous pyelogram, (3) a visibly "complete" transurethral resection having been achieved, and (4) complete response of the local tumor to radiation. In addition, local tumor control appears to be related to total dose administered. Analysis of the results of precystectomy radiation therapy, where papillary tumor histology and small tumor size yielded improved survival, suggests that these characteristics also may prove to be beneficial in patients selected for full-dose irradiation. The four-field box technique has become accepted as the best method to treat patients using beams from linear accelerators or betatrons. The bladder and pelvic lymph nodes should be treated to 50.4 Gy in 1.8 Gy fractions, 5 days/week. A cone-down boost to the tumor volume only then is given for a total dose of 64.8 Gy to 68.4 Gy in 7.5 weeks. The posterior rectosigmoid should receive less than 60 Gy, and the anus and femoral head and neck should be limited to 45 to 50 Gy to avoid toxicity. Innovative approaches to treatment of muscle-invading bladder cancer now are being explored and include the use of intravesical misonidazole combined with fractionated external beam irradiation, and systemic cisplatin administration in combination with radiation. Techniques which have yielded good results in superficial bladder cancer include open interstitial implantation, intraoperative single-dose electron beam irradiation, and trans-Foley radium applications. Further prospective evaluations of clinical and histologic tumor characteristics, treatment techniques and doses reviewed here will be necessary before definitive selection criteria for treatment with full-dose irradiation are established. PMID- 3919934 TI - Abdominopelvic radiotherapy in ovarian cancer. A 10-year experience. AB - A 10-year experience is presented of the use of postoperative abdominopelvic radiotherapy in 415 patients with epithelial ovarian cancer, Stages I, II, and III. Five- and 10-year survival and relapse-free data are reported by stage and residuum. Risk of relapse was analyzed in detail according to histologic features, residuum, and stage. The main emphasis of the analysis was defining criteria for selecting the patients who should be treated with abdominopelvic irradiation. This was accomplished when patients treated between 1971 and 1978 were grouped according to histologic findings as well as stage and residuum and the criteria were validated with a high degree of reproducibility in patients treated 1979 to 1981. The group of patients in whom abdominopelvic irradiation was indicated as definitive postoperative treatment comprised approximately one third of the overall patient population and their 5-year survival rate exceeded 70%. Serious bowel or liver toxicity occurred in 4% of patients. PMID- 3919935 TI - The antibiotic arsenal. PMID- 3919936 TI - Autoradiography of [14C]N-nitrosodiethanolamine in Sprague-Dawley rats. AB - Whole-body autoradiography in Sprague-Dawley rats injected i.v. with [14C]N nitrosodiethanolamine ([14C]NDELA) showed a localization of tissue-bound radioactivity in the liver and the nasal olfactory mucosa. Microautoradiography of the nasal olfactory mucosa showed the highest labelling over the subepithelial glands (Bowman's glands) in the lamina propria mucosae. Experiments in vitro showed a capacity of the liver and the nasal mucosa to form 14CO2 from the [14C]NDELA. Most of the injected [14C]NDELA was recovered in the urine in a non metabolized form. A small proportion of the dose was exhaled as 14CO2. The target tissues for the NDELA carcinogenesis in Sprague-Dawley rats are the liver and the nasal mucosa. Our results indicate that a bioactivation of the NDELA will take place in the nasal mucosa, as well as in the liver. PMID- 3919937 TI - Effects of short-term exposure to the tumor promoter, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate on skin carcinogenesis in SENCAR mice. AB - Skin tumor promotion after a short-term exposure to 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13 acetate (TPA) was studied in female SENCAR mice. Mice were dosed once by the topical application of 20 micrograms of dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) in 0.2 ml acetone. A week later, they received topical applications of TPA (2 or 4 micrograms per 0.2 ml acetone) once or twice a week for periods of 1-10 weeks and were killed at 30 weeks. Skin tumors were counted and measured for size weekly. When TPA was applied once a week for 10 weeks or only twice a week for 2 weeks, there was significant promotion of papilloma formation in a large proportion of mice initiated with DMBA. Mice that received one or two applications had a few skin tumors. The total number of papillomas decreased considerably and the majority appeared to regress after 20 weeks in mice that received TPA treatment for 10 weeks. In mice that received only 4 TPA treatments, however, the majority of the papillomas grew progressively in size and did not regress during the entire experimental period. A greater proportion of these tumors progressed to carcinoma than did those in mice receiving TPA for 10 weeks. Thus, a short-term exposure was effective in causing certain changes in skin of SENCAR mice that led to tumor development and progression. PMID- 3919938 TI - Inhibitory action of Piper betle on the initiation of 7,12 dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced mammary carcinogenesis in rats. AB - When an aqueous extract of the leaves of Piper betle, a medicinal plant, was given orally at different dose levels during the initiation phase of 7,12 dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced mammary carcinogenesis in rats, higher doses of the extract inhibited the emergence of tumors. However, when the extract was fed to the rats bearing DMBA-induced mammary tumors for 8 weeks, no appreciable degree of inhibition of tumor growth was noticed. Betel leaf extract at the dose levels used in the present study did not affect the body weight gain among rats. PMID- 3919939 TI - Differential effects of 7,8-benzoflavone on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon dependent mutagenesis and cytotoxicity in a keratinocyte cell-mediated mutation assay. AB - A murine keratinocyte cell-mediated mutagenesis assay was used to examine the effects of 7,8-benzoflavone (7,8-BF) on the metabolic activation of 7,12 dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) and benzo[a]pyrene (BP) to mutagenic and cytotoxic metabolites. DMBA-dependent mutagenesis and cytotoxicity were strongly and coordinately inhibited by 7,8-BF in a concentration-dependent manner. BP dependent mutagenesis was also strongly inhibited by 7,8-BF in a concentration dependent manner; whereas BP-dependent cytotoxicity was relatively unaffected by 7,8-BF. Maximum inhibition of DMBA- and BP-dependent mutagenesis occurred when the cultured keratinocytes were treated with 7,8-BF immediately prior to the addition of BP or DMBA. PMID- 3919940 TI - Effects of inhibitors of polyamine biosynthesis on the growth and melanogenesis of murine melanoma cells. AB - Both 2-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), an irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.17), and methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) (MGBG), a competitive inhibitor of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.50), strikingly stimulated melanotic expression of murine Cloudman S91 melanoma cells. The stimulation of tyrosinase (EC 1.10.3.1) activity and melanin formation by DFMO was closely associated with intracellular depletion of putrescine and spermidine developed in response to the drug. However, little or no evidence was obtained indicating that enhanced melanogenesis in response to MGBG was mediated through an inhibition of polyamine biosynthesis. Indirect inhibitors of ornithine decarboxylase, such as 1,3-diaminopropane and 1,3-diaminopropan-2-ol, but not putrescine, likewise inhibited the growth of the melanoma cells and stimulated their melanin production. The stimulation of melanogenesis by polyamine antimetabolites was not mediated by cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate, in contrast to the effect elicited by alpha-melanotropin. It is also unlikely that MGBG or the diamines acted as lysosomotropic agents capable of stimulating tyrosinase activity in situ, since the enzyme activity was stimulated by the drugs irrespective of whether assayed in cultured cells or using cell-free homogenates. None of the agents stimulated tyrosinase activity in vitro. The effect of DFMO and MGBG on melanoma cell proliferation was reversible, but the restoration of normal growth and melanin formation, especially in cells exposed to DFMO, was remarkably slow. The present results represent a further experimental model, in which the inhibition of polyamine accumulation is accompanied by signs of terminal differentiation. PMID- 3919941 TI - Effects of total-body hyperthermia on metastases from experimental mouse tumors. AB - To study the effects of total-body hyperthermia (TBH) on metastases from malignant tumors, Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC)-bearing C57BL/6 mice and mouse ascites hepatoma 134-bearing C3H/He mice were immersed in a heated water bath. Rectal temperature was maintained for 30 min at 40 degrees C or 42 degrees C. After treatment, the incidence of lung metastasis was analyzed in LLC-inoculated mice, and the presence or absence of metastasis in affiliated lymph nodes was determined in mouse ascites hepatoma 134-inoculated mice. A significant inhibition in primary tumor growth in LLC- and mouse ascites hepatoma 134-bearing mice treated with 42 degrees C TBH was noted. The incidence of lung metastasis was increased from the control level of 1.6 +/- 0.63 (SD) to 2.4 +/- 0.98 in the 42 degrees C TBH (P less than 0.01) groups but not in the 40 degrees C TBH group. Metastasis to affiliated lymph nodes was similar for the controls and the 40 degrees C and 42 degrees C TBH groups. The increase in lung metastasis in LLC treated mice subjected to 42 degrees C TBH could be prevented by the combined use of anticancer drugs such as cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (1.0, 3.0 mg/kg) or mitomycin C (0.3, 1.0 mg/kg). Furthermore, the combined use of 42 degrees C TBH and anticancer drugs showed the inhibition of primary tumor growth to a greater degree than did 42 degrees C TBH alone or anticancer drugs alone. Since 42 degrees C TBH may induce tumor metastasis, especially hematogenous metastasis, it seems advisable to use anticancer drugs in combination with clinical thermal applications. PMID- 3919942 TI - Suppression of DNA synthesis in NEL-M1 human melanoma cells by triamcinolone acetonide. AB - The present study characterizes the biological response of a cloned human melanotic melanoma cell line (NEL-M1) to glucocorticoid treatment. Scatchard analysis of the binding of [3H]-triamcinolone acetonide to the glucocorticoid receptor showed a binding capacity of 170 fmol/mg protein and a dissociation constant (KD) of 1.76 X 10(-9) M. When the 3H-labeled cytosol was warmed to 25 degrees C for 30 min and then incubated with DNA-cellulose at 4 degrees C for 45 min, 32% of the specific glucocorticoid-receptor complexes were bound to DNA cellulose. Additional studies showed that when NEL-M1 cells were cultured for 72 h with 1 X 10(-7) M triamcinolone acetonide, a 36% reduction in cellular growth was observed compared to the control cultures. The calculated population doubling time for the control cells was 17.5 h compared to 20.3 h for the triamcinolone acetonide-treated cells. Analysis of the effect of triamcinolone acetonide on macromolecular synthesis revealed that, over a 24-h incubation period, triamcinolone acetonide (a) inhibited [3H]thymidine incorporation by 51%; (b) increased the incorporation of the melanin precursor, L-3,4 dihydroxy[3H]phenylalanine, by 59%; and (c) had essentially no effect on [3H]leucine or [3H]uridine incorporation. During this same incubation period, triamcinolone acetonide inhibited [3H]glucose uptake by 19%. Further studies using synchronized NEL-M1 cells clearly show that the earliest detectable action of triamcinolone acetonide was the inhibition [3H]thymidine incorporation during the S phase of the cell cycle. Thus, these findings show that the human melanoma cell line, NEL-M1, is biologically responsive to glucocorticoid treatment. Continued studies using NEL-M1 cells may eventually lead to ascertaining the exact mechanism by which glucocorticoids regulate DNA synthesis. PMID- 3919943 TI - Formation of unique arylamine:DNA adducts from 2-aminofluorene activated by prostaglandin H synthase. AB - Prostaglandin H synthase in the presence of arachidonic acid catalyzes the peroxidative metabolism of 2-aminofluorene (2-AF) to an electrophile(s) which binds covalently to calf thymus DNA in vitro. Moreover, this electrophile(s) appears distinct from the classical 2-AF-derived electrophiles, N-hydroxy-2-AF and the 2-AF nitrenium ion. Both the prostaglandin H synthase:arachidonic acid and horseradish peroxidase:hydrogen peroxide systems were used to investigate the binding of [3H]-2-AF to DNA and the nature of the DNA adducts formed from peroxidative activation of 2-AF. Modification of DNA by N-hydroxy-2-AF under mildly acidic conditions was used as a reference system in these studies and yielded a single 2-AF:nucleoside adduct, identified as N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-2 AF (C8-dGuo-AF). Enzymatic hydrolysis of DNA modified by 2-AF activated in either of the peroxidase systems liberated 2-AF:nucleoside adducts that differed considerably from C8-dGuo-AF in chromatographic and extraction properties. C8 dGuo-AF from DNA hydrolysates was easily extracted into n-butyl alcohol and adsorbed by Sephadex LH-20 columns. In contrast, the peroxidase-derived adducts were poorly extracted into n-butyl alcohol and were not retained on Sephadex LH 20 columns. Experimental evidence suggests the peroxidase-derived adducts may possess a negative charge at neutral pH. Since C8-dGuo-AF is the only 2 AF:nucleoside adduct formed when 2-AF is activated via N-hydroxylation, these new adducts represent a marker unique to peroxidative activation of 2-AF. Therefore, 2-AF:DNA adducts can be used as a differential end point with which to assess the relative roles of N-hydroxylation and peroxidation in the metabolic activation of 2-AF in cell culture and in target tissues in vivo. PMID- 3919944 TI - Anthracycline resistance in P388 murine leukemia and its circumvention by calcium antagonists. AB - Daunorubicin transport was compared in P388 murine leukemia and in P388/Adramycin (ADR), an anthracycline-resistant subline. We can demonstrate an energy-dependent outward transport system in P388/ADR which limits drug accumulation. Although no calcium requirement for the outward transport process could be shown, several calcium antagonists inhibited outward transport of daunorubicin in P388/ADR and modified the drug resistance pattern. But these agents failed to alter calcium fluxes in either cell line, suggesting that their mode of action in these studies was not related to interactions with calcium-dependent processes. Accumulation differences could not account for the level of daunorubicin resistance observed in the P388/ADR cell line, nor could resistance be wholly circumvented by calcium antagonists. PMID- 3919945 TI - Defective DNA cross-link removal in Chinese hamster cell mutants hypersensitive to bifunctional alkylating agents. AB - DNA repair-deficient mutants from five genetic complementation groups isolated previously from Chinese hamster cells were assayed for survival after exposure to the bifunctional alkylating agents mitomycin C or diepoxybutane. Groups 1, 3, and 5 exhibited 1.6- to 3-fold hypersensitivity compared to the wild-type cells, whereas Groups 2 and 4 exhibited extraordinary hypersensitivity (30- to 90-fold). Mutants from Groups 1 and 2 were exposed to 22 other bifunctional alkylating agents in a rapid assay that compared cytotoxicity of the mutants to the wild type parental strain, AA8. With all but two of the compounds, the Group 2 mutant (UV4) was 15- to 60-fold more sensitive than AA8 or the Group 1 mutant (UV5). UV4 showed only 6-fold hypersensitivity to quinacrine mustard. Alkaline elution measurements showed that this compound produced few DNA interstrand cross-links but numerous strand breaks that were revealed by proteinase treatment. Therefore, the extreme hypersensitivity of mutants from Groups 2 and 4 appeared specific for compounds the main cytotoxic lesions of which were DNA cross-links. Mutant UV5 was only 1- to 4-fold hypersensitive to all the compounds. Repair kinetics of DNA interstrand cross-link production and removal was measured by alkaline elution for AA8 and mutants UV4 and UV5 after exposure to diepoxybutane. Although the initial number of cross-links was similar for the three cell lines, during 24-h incubation, the efficiency of removal of cross-links was lowest in UV4 and intermediate in UV5. These results suggest that the different levels of sensitivity of the five complementation groups to bifunctional alkylation damage are specifically related to different efficiencies of DNA cross-link removal. The phenotype of hypersensitivity to both UV radiation and cross-link damage exhibited by the mutants in Groups 2 and 4 appears to differ from those of the known human DNA repair syndromes. PMID- 3919946 TI - Modulation of rat mammary carcinogenesis by indomethacin. AB - Indomethacin, a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agent which inhibits prostaglandin biosynthesis, has significant activity in inhibiting the growth and/or inducing the regression of transplantable tumors. The present study was designed to determine if, in addition to its chemotherapeutic effects, indomethacin also acts as a cancer chemopreventive agent. Fifty-day-old virgin female Sprague-Dawley rats were given a single intragastric dose of either 8 or 16 mg of 7,12 dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (time 0). Basal diet was supplemented with 25 or 50 mg of indomethacin per kg of diet by the following protocol: (a) -2 to +1 week; (b) +1 week to end; or (c) none. Administration of indomethacin by both protocols resulted in an inhibition of mammary tumorigenesis; however, the effect of -2 to +1 week indomethacin exposure was primarily on the induction of benign mammary tumors, while +1 week to end indomethacin administration inhibited the induction of both benign mammary tumors and mammary cancers. These data indicate that indomethacin has significant protective activity when administered either during the "early" stage (comprising the carcinogen-target cell interaction) or the "late" stage (postcarcinogen tumor development) of mammary carcinogenesis in rats. Possible mechanisms of indomethacin action include both local and systemic effects. PMID- 3919947 TI - Involvement of vasopressin in cardiovascular regulation. PMID- 3919948 TI - An empirically based system to estimate the effectiveness of caries-preventive agents. A comparison of the effectiveness estimates of APF gels and solutions, and fluoride varnishes. PMID- 3919949 TI - [Delta-antigen and its role in the development of viral hepatitis]. PMID- 3919950 TI - [Neurocristopathy in pediatric neurosurgery]. PMID- 3919951 TI - Analysis of the secretions of the subcommissural organs of several vertebrate species by use of fluorescent lectins. AB - The glycoprotein secretions of the subcommissural organ were analyzed with the use of nine fluorescent lectins, specific to different sugar moieties. After exposure to Concanavalin A a bright fluorescence was observed in the ependymal cells of the subcommissural organs of all vertebrates studied (Lampetra planeri, Ameiurus nebulosus, Bufo bufo, Lacerta vivipara, Gallus gallus, Rattus norvegicus, Ovis aries). The fluorescence is abolished by the competitive sugar, alpha-D-mannopyranosyl. The intensity of the lectin fluorescence decreases from the phylogenetically lower to the higher forms, paralleled by a change in polarity of the secretion from a vascular (lower vertebrates) to a ventricular (higher vertebrates) direction. The strong affinity for Concanavalin A suggests the presence of a glycoprotein rich in mannosyl residues in the ependymal cells and a similarity of composition of this glycoprotein among the vertebrates. Lens culinaris agglutinin and wheat germ agglutinin revealed fluorescent "rosettes" in the hypendymal cells of the sheep. Binding of both these lectins suggests the presence of a glycoprotein rich in N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. In the underlying ventricular cavity, no fluorescence could be observed, suggesting that the Reissner's fiber does not possess the same carbohydrate constitution as the ependymal secretion of the subcommissural organ. PMID- 3919952 TI - Stimulatory effect of follicle-stimulating hormone on rat Leydig cells. A morphometric and ultrastructural study. AB - The effects of FSH on the testicular interstitial tissue of immature hypophysectomized rats were studied by comparing morphological changes in Leydig cells with quantitative changes in interstitial tissue histology using morphometric analysis. Three groups of rats received subcutaneous injections of 0.5 ml saline vehicle or 10 micrograms rFSH or 20 ng oLH (equivalent to the amount of LH known to contaminate the FSH), twice daily for 7 days. Administration of FSH significantly increased testis weight and stimulated more advanced spermatogenesis compared to saline or LH. Morphometric analysis of testes of LH-treated rats showed a small but significant increase in total interstitial cell volume compared to saline treatment. FSH caused much greater increases in the total volume of interstitial tissue and interstitial cells than either saline or LH and significantly increased the total volume or interstitial fluid by comparison with the other groups. FSH but not saline or LH treatment resulted in a striking hypertrophy of Leydig cells, to produce cells ultrastructurally identical to Leydig cells from adults. Since the target tissue of FSH is the seminiferous epithelium, the observed effects on Leydig cells by FSH treatment suggest that the secretion of factors by the seminiferous tubules may mediate the maturation of Leydig cells. PMID- 3919953 TI - Spatial distribution of cortical proteins in cells of epithelial sheets. AB - In the differentiated pigmented epithelial cells of the retina (RPE) of chick embryos cytoskeletal proteins are found in polygonal rings located in the cell cortex. Within the cortical rings of the RPE cells vinculin and spectrin occupy a characteristic position closest to the plasma membrane; actin is found farther away, while tropomyosin and myosin are located farthest from the plasma membrane. The differences in the distribution of these proteins might reflect the functional specialization of different parts of the cortical ring required to develop and transmit tension from individual cells throughout the entire epithelial sheet. PMID- 3919954 TI - Retinoic acid and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate alter release of glycoproteins from mouse fibroblast BALB/C 3T6 cells. AB - Treatment of mouse fibroblast BALB/c 3T6 cells with the tumor promoter 12-O tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate or the antipromoter retinoic acid affects the release of several glycoproteins into the medium. The phorbol ester decreases the secretion of a 180-kd and 160-kd glycoprotein and increases the release of a 38 kd glycoprotein. In contrast, retinoic acid affects these glycoproteins in the opposite way. Moreover, retinoic acid enhances the level of a 55-kd and 60-kd glycoprotein. The 180-kd and 160-kd glycoproteins appear sensitive to collagenase and after pepsin treatment are converted to bands which comigrate with collagen alpha 1 (I) and alpha 2 (I). These glycoproteins are tentatively identified as being pro alpha 1 (I) and pro alpha 2 (I). The 38-kd glycoprotein appears to comigrate with the major excreted protein. Retinoic acid appears to reduce significantly the incorporation of mannose into secreted glycoproteins whereas treatment with the phorbol ester induces an enhancement in mannose incorporation. Our results indicate that both phorbol esters and retinoids alter the release of several glycoproteins from 3T6 mouse fibroblasts. These changes appear to relate to the influence of these compounds on the expression of the transformed phenotype of these cells. PMID- 3919955 TI - Tumor-promoting effects of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate in JB6 mouse epidermal cells and mouse skin. AB - Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP), a confirmed promoter of hepatocellular carcinogenesis in mice, was studied for tumor-promoting activity on the skin of SENCAR mice in vivo and on JB6 mouse epidermal cells in vitro. DEHP enhanced transformation to anchorage-independent growth of promotable JB6 clonal lines, C141, C121, and R219. DEHP induced colony formation in concentrations from 500 p.p.m. to 20 000 p.p.m./ml culture medium with maximum induction occurring at 10 000 p.p.m./ml. DEHP was inactive as a complete promoter of skin carcinogenesis initiated by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) in SENCAR mice. Like the plant derived natural product mezerein, however, DEHP significantly enhanced skin carcinogenesis in SENCAR mice when initiation by DMBA was followed by short term applications (2x/week, 2 weeks) of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate prior to application of DEHP. A random sample of the tumors observed was processed and examined histologically. Most neoplasms were papillomas; a few were squamous cell carcinomas. The kinds of tumors seen were identical with those reported in two stage carcinogenesis experiments in SENCAR mice in which phorbol ester tumor promoters have been employed. Thus, DEHP promotes transformation in JB6 mouse epidermal cells and acts as a second-stage promoter in mouse skin carcinogenesis. DEHP therefore has promoting capability for at least two distinct kinds of epithelium in mice. PMID- 3919956 TI - The role of high levels of dietary fat in 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene-induced mouse mammary tumorigenesis: lack of an effect on lipid peroxidation. AB - The effects of dietary fat on 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA)-induced mammary tumorigenesis were examined in BALB/c female mice. In the first experiment, BALB/c mice were treated with a total dose of 1, 3, or 6 mg DMBA to induce mammary tumors. One week after the last dose of DMBA, the mice were placed on a 5% (LF) or 20% (HF) corn oil semi-purified diet. The 20% corn oil diet resulted in a significantly decreased mean tumor latency period in each of the three groups of mice (p less than 0.05). However, the mammary tumor incidences at 11 months after DMBA treatment were the following: 6 mg DMBA (LF-14/32, HF-17/32); 3 mg DMBA (LF-13/50, HF-14/50); 1 mg (LF-2/50, HF-6/50). In the second experiment, prolonged hormonal stimulation by pituitary isografts, but not a HF diet, enhanced the incidence of mammary tumors in BALB/c mice given a threshold dose of DMBA (0.5 mg). In a further attempt to examine the mechanism of the enhancing effects of dietary fat, lipid peroxidation was measured in the microsomal mitochondrial fractions of the mammary glands by two assays; measurements of conjugated dienes and TBA reactants (malonyldialdehyde). The high fat diet had no effect on the levels of conjugated dienes in mammary cell membrane preparations and decreased the levels of TBA reactants (malonyldialdehyde). The results indicated that a high fat diet did not lead to enhanced levels of lipid peroxidation in preparations of microsomal mitochondrial membranes from mouse mammary glands. The implications of these results are discussed with respect to the role of dietary fat as a promoter of mouse mammary tumorigenesis. PMID- 3919957 TI - Alterations in the metabolism of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene and various xenobiotics by rat hepatic microsomes following Sudan III treatment in vivo. AB - Sudan III treatment of Long-Evans rats results in increased hepatic monooxygenase activity using ethoxycoumarin and aniline as substrates. Monooxygenase activity towards amino-pyrine and nitrosodimethylamine is not affected. Sudan III treatment results in increased microsomal cytochrome P448 and increased amounts of a protein band which comigrates with purified cytochrome P448 during SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The proportions of the different dihydrodiols formed during the incubation of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene with microsomes vary between untreated and treated animals. Thus, extracts of microsomes from untreated rats were found to contain materials with chromatographic properties identical to those of the 3,4-dihydrodiol and the 5,6-dihydrodiol when examined on two different h.p.l.c. systems. Extracts of microsomes from Sudan III treated animals were found to contain materials with chromatographic properties identical to those of the 5,6-dihydrodiol and the 8,9-dihydrodiol when similarly examined. These findings suggest that the protective effect of Sudan III against DMBA induced leukaemia is mediated by an alteration in monooxygenase activity. PMID- 3919958 TI - Dramatic changes in blood gases that are unrelated to arterial pH or cerebral oxygen delivery during endotoxin shock in conscious rats. AB - In preliminary studies we demonstrated an effect of endotoxin on arterial blood gases that appeared to be related to the dose of endotoxin used and unrelated to changes in arterial pH. In the present study we tested the hypothesis that these changes in blood gases result from decreased oxygen delivery to central respiratory control areas. PO2 significantly rose from a pre-endotoxin value of 91.4 +/- 1.5 (mean +/- SEM) to 97.5 +/- 1.7, 104.0 +/- 0.8, and 108.4 +/- 0.9 at 10, 30, and 60 minutes, respectively, after administration of 6 mg/kg endotoxin and from 93.8 +/- 3.1 to 105.2 +/- 2.6, 118.7 +/- 1.4, and 121.0 +/- 2.8, respectively, after administration of 10 mg/kg endotoxin. PCO2 fell significantly from a pre-endotoxin value of 38.3 +/- 1.2 to 28.6 +/- 0.6 and 24.5 +/- 1.9 at 30 and 60 minutes post-endotoxin, respectively, in 6-mg/kg-treated rats, and from 40.5 +/- 2.1 to 30.7 +/- 4.5, 20.1 +/- 3.9, and 19.3 +/- 1.0, respectively, at 10, 30, and 60 minutes post-10 mg/kg endotoxin. The only significant change (decrease) in pH occurred at 60 minutes after 10 mg/kg treatment. In 10-mg/kg treated rats, serum lactate rose significantly over time, while HCO-3 decreased. Heart rate was increased significantly (472 +/- 9.6) from a pre-10 mg/kg endotoxin value of 373 +/- 11.8 by 10 minutes post-endotoxin and remained elevated throughout the experiment. Cerebral medullary/pontine blood flow, mean arterial blood pressure, and respiratory rate were not significantly altered by endotoxin administration. Hemoglobin concentration and arterial oxygen content were significantly increased after 10 mg/kg endotoxin. These findings indicate that decreased oxygen delivery to central respiratory control areas is not a cause of the observed dramatic changes in blood gases. PMID- 3919959 TI - Protective actions of propyl gallate, a lipoxygenase inhibitor, on the ischemic myocardium. AB - Products of the lipoxygenase pathway of arachidonate metabolism, including hydroperoxides, free radicals, and leukotrienes, are thought to mediate ischemic damage during acute myocardial ischemia (MI). Propyl gallate (1 mg/kg/h) was infused in anesthetized cats 0.5 h after coronary artery occlusion. Propyl gallate did not influence mean arterial blood pressure (MABP), heart rate (HR), or the product of these, the pressure-rate index. Treatment of MI with propyl gallate significantly reduced the plasma accumulation of creatine kinase (CK). This was confirmed by reduced CK loss in biopsies from the ischemic region of the heart, indicative of a protective effect. Propyl gallate also reduced the loss of compounds containing amino-nitrogen groups from the ischemic region, although it did not significantly reverse the S-T segment elevation in the electrocardiogram. These results are consistent with the concept that inhibition of formation of lipoxygenase products protects the myocardium from ischemic damage. This study also helps explain the work of others demonstrating that combined cyclooxygenase lipoxygenase inhibitors or depletion of leukocytes is beneficial in MI. PMID- 3919960 TI - Benoxaprofen attenuation of lethal canine endotoxic shock. AB - Our prior work demonstrated in a canine endotoxic shock model (LD100) that the cyclooxygenase inhibitor ibuprofen given 60 minutes after endotoxin administration could improve hemodynamics but not survival over control animals. The present study was designed to examine the effect of benoxaprofen, a dual lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase inhibitor, in the same canine endotoxic model (LD100) and compare it to ibuprofen treatment. After thiopental anesthesia (25 mg/kg IV), animals were instrumented to measure various cardiovascular parameters. Endotoxic shock was induced by injecting Escherichia coli (0111:B4) endotoxin (1 mg/kg IV). Benoxaprofen (10 mg/kg IV; N = 13), ibuprofen (12.5 mg/kg; N = 6), or saline (N = 12) was injected 60 minutes after endotoxin administration. During the treatment period, both benoxaprofen and ibuprofen increased mean arterial pressure, heart rate, and vascular resistance to the same degree over the control animals. Benoxaprofen did increase dP/dtmax while ibuprofen did not. Twenty-four-hour survival was 0% for the control animals (N = 12), 0% for the ibuprofen group (N = 6), and 61.5% for the benoxaprofen group (N = 13). In an additional set of experiments, benoxaprofen (N = 8) was given 120 minutes after endotoxin administration and demonstrated similar improvements in hemodynamics and survival. These data demonstrate that benoxaprofen could improve survival in an otherwise lethal endotoxic model and suggest that the products of the lipoxygenase pathway may contribute to the lethality of an LD100 endotoxic shock model. PMID- 3919961 TI - Endotoxin-induced eicosanoid production by equine vascular endothelial cells and neutrophils. AB - Dispersed equine vascular endothelial cells grown in tissue culture, and freshly isolated neutrophils were used to determine direct effects of endotoxin on cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase products. Endothelial cells (10(7)/ml) or neutrophils (2 X 10(6)/ml) were incubated with (a) buffer, (b) endotoxin (10 micrograms/ml), (c) endotoxin + flunixin meglumine (10 micrograms/ml), or (d) calcium ionophore, A23187 (10 micrograms/ml). Thromboxane (TxB2), prostacyclin (6 keto-PGF1 alpha), and leukotriene C4 (LTC4) were determined in the incubation fluid by radioimmunoassay. Thromboxane and prostacyclin levels increased in endothelial cells incubated with endotoxin. Treatment with flunixin meglumine prevented the endotoxin-induced release of these cyclooxygenase products to levels below those observed in control cells. Leukotriene production was increased in endothelial cells incubated with endotoxin plus flunixin meglumine. Endotoxin as well as endotoxin plus flunixin meglumine increased the production of prostacyclin and LTC4 by freshly isolated neutrophils. Cells exposed to endotoxin plus flunixin meglumine produced more LTC4 than cells exposed to endotoxin. The data revealed that endotoxin has a direct effect on arachidonic acid metabolism in endothelial cells and neutrophils. Flunixin meglumine reduced the level of cyclooxygenase products but increased the level of lipoxygenase products. Therefore, the well-established beneficial effects of cyclooxygenase inhibitors during endotoxemia may be improved even more if they are used in conjunction with lipoxygenase inhibitors or a combined cyclooxygenase lipoxygenase inhibitor. PMID- 3919962 TI - Metabolic and cardiovascular effects of endotoxin infusion in conscious unrestrained rats: effects of methylprednisolone and BW755C. AB - Infusion of Escherichia coli endotoxin (41.7 micrograms kg-1 min-1 i.v. for 4 h; 10 mg kg-1 total) in conscious unrestrained rats produced an increase in heart rate and a gradual decrease in arterial blood pressure. Initially plasma glucose was transiently elevated but fell to hypoglycaemic values in the 1-2 h before death. There was a marked elevation in the plasma concentrations of lactate, thromboxane B2, and 6-keto prostaglandin F1 alpha, (PGF1 alpha). Methylprednisolone treatment (two doses of 30 mg kg-1) significantly reduced mortality, provided the first dose was given before commencing the endotoxin infusion; there was no effect on mortality if it was given 2 h after starting the endotoxin infusion. Methylprednisolone pretreatment maintained arterial blood pressure and plasma glucose and prevented the increase in plasma lactate in rats given endotoxin. Methylprednisolone treatment did not modify the increase in plasma thromboxane B2 but attenuated the increase in plasma 6-keto PGF1 alpha concentrations. Pretreatment with BW755C, an inhibitor of both cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase enzymes, completely prevented the increase in plasma prostanoid concentrations but did not improve survival or significantly modify any other detrimental effects of endotoxin. It is suggested that the beneficial effects of methylprednisolone in this model of endotoxin shock are not related to a reduction in the formation of pharmacologically active arachidonic acid metabolites. PMID- 3919963 TI - The significance of the late fall in myocardial PCO2 and its relationship to myocardial pH after regional coronary occlusion in the dog. AB - After acute regional coronary occlusion, myocardial tissue PCO2, as measured by mass spectrometry, rises, reaches a peak, and then gradually falls. This late fall in myocardial tissue PCO2 could be due to (1) a gradual increase in tissue blood flow (and hence improved carbon dioxide washout), (2) a gradual consumption of tissue bicarbonate, (3) a gradual reduction in the production of carbon dioxide due to progressive cellular damage, or (4) an artifact caused by the continued presence of the mass spectrometer probe in the ischemic tissue. To determine which of these four mechanisms is responsible for the late fall in myocardial tissue PCO2, we subjected 27 anesthetized open-chest dogs to 3-hour occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Both myocardial tissue PCO2 and intramyocardial hydrogen ion concentration were measured in the myocardial segment supplied by the left anterior descending coronary artery. Ten dogs (group 1) were killed after the occlusion (occlusion I), and 11 dogs (group 2) underwent reocclusion (occlusion II) at the same site after a 45-minute period of reflow. Regional myocardial blood flow was measured periodically by the intramural injection of 127Xe. Changes in myocardial tissue PCO2 and hydrogen ion concentration were related to ultrastructural changes in the tissues adjacent to the myocardial tissue PCO2 probe. Regional myocardial blood flow remained unchanged throughout the 3-hour occlusion, ruling out increased carbon dioxide washout as a cause for its late fall. Tissue hydrogen ion concentration, as measured by a new lead glass electrode, correlated well with myocardial tissue PCO2, with the reduction in regional myocardial blood flow, and with ischemic damage assessed histologically. Myocardial hydrogen ion concentration also exhibited a late fall after the occlusion, from a peak of 199.8 +/- 27.8 nmol/liter to 91.9 +/- 12.1 nmol/liter (mean +/- SEM). This ruled out consumption of tissue bicarbonate as the cause for the late fall in myocardial tissue PCO2. Peak rise in myocardial tissue PCO2 after occlusion II (71.2 +/- 7.9 mm Hg) was significantly lower than peak myocardial tissue PCO2 after occlusion I (116.7 +/- 13.9 mm Hg, P less than 0.001). The difference between these latter two values, as well as the magnitude of fall in myocardial tissue PCO2 during occlusion I, related directly to the degree of histological damage observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3919964 TI - Transient analysis of the canine cerebrovascular response to carbon dioxide. AB - Cerebral venous outflow and carbon dioxide transients were studied during five different transitional states: (1) on and off 10% carbon dioxide breathing, (2) on and off hyperventilation, (3) on 7% carbon dioxide breathing, (4) on 10% carbon dioxide breathing initiated from 7% carbon dioxide breathing, and (5) on 10% carbon dioxide breathing initiated during intracarotid papaverine infusion, in pentobarbital anesthetized, paralyzed, mechanically ventilated dogs. Plots of the temporal relationships between these variables indicated that cerebral blood flow is closely related with cerebral venous carbon dioxide tension but not arterial carbon dioxide tension. The rate at which flow changed upon transition from one steady state to another was phase dependent, in that longer times were required to establish stable conditions in the on phase than in the off phase. The magnitude of the maximum rates of change in cerebral blood flow achieved during transition was influenced both by the size of the forcing function and the level of flow present at the time the response was initiated. Directional changes had no effect upon the maximum rate of the flow change as long as equivalent sized forcing functions were employed and the initial blood flow levels were similar between responses. However, faster flow transients could be produced by increasing either of the latter two factors. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that it is either tissue carbon dioxide tension or cerebral venous carbon dioxide tension that is the important variable regulated by cerebral blood flow. The rate-limiting factor in the response appears to be carbon dioxide delivery rate and not the rate of carbon dioxide diffusion. PMID- 3919965 TI - Rapid assessment of albumin concentration by immunoturbidimetry. AB - The dye-binding methods involving bromcresol green and bromcresol purple may seriously overestimate albumin in serum that has a below-normal albumin/globulin ratio, particularly in nephrotic syndrome hypoalbuminemia. To overcome this problem, we developed a new immunoturbidimetric method for albumin with use of a centrifugal analyzer. Results by this method (y) and by radial immunodiffusion (x) agreed well and yielded the regression equation: y = 0.91x + 1.33 (n = 40, r = 0.96). Compared with laser immunonephelometry, our method is easier and faster (15 min for the overall determination). Thus, the proposed immunoturbidimetric method is particularly suitable for the rapid indirect assessment of oncotic pressure and indirectly for monitoring intravascular body fluids. PMID- 3919966 TI - Immunoenzymometric assay for insulin involving column chromatography and insulin immobilized on Sepharose. AB - This practical assay for measuring insulin involves use of a 4 X 8 mm chromatographic column. Serum samples are incubated at 30 degrees C for 1 h with beta-D-galactosidase-labeled antibody to insulin, then passed through the 0.1-mL column containing insulin immobilized on Sepharose 4B. After the column is washed to remove the bound label, the buffer in the column is replaced with a solution of o-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactoside. The column is then incubated at 30 degrees C for 1 h, the enzyme reaction is stopped by washing the column with sodium carbonate solution, and the absorbance of the eluate is measured at 420 nm. Results obtained by this method were compared with those by a radioimmunoassay and a solid-phase enzyme immunoassay. PMID- 3919967 TI - Preservation of urine samples for assay of catecholamines and their metabolites. PMID- 3919968 TI - Determination of vitamin D binding protein by Scatchard analysis and estimation of a free 25-hydroxy-vitamin D index. AB - A simple method for the quantification of the vitamin D binding capacity (concentration of vitamin D binding protein, DBP) in serum is described. 25 Hydroxy-vitamin D can conveniently be measured by a binding protein assay utilizing dilute human serum as a source of DBP. The same methodology was used to determine the concentration of DBP by Scatchard analysis. In comparison to radial immunodiffusion, a correlation coefficient of 0.863 (p less than 0.001) was found with a regression line y = 0.963x + 0.08 (n = 52). Normal values were between 3 and 8 mumol/l, the coefficient of variation was less than 7% (median 4.9%). A simple routine version of this test requiring only 5 tubes per sample at a sample dilution of 1:15 000 had an interassay variation of less than 8%. The apparent affinity constants of DBP obtained by the Scatchard analysis had a very poor interassay reproducibility. Thus, the molar ratio of 25-hydroxy-vitamin D and DBP was used as a 'free 25-hydroxy-vitamin D index'. The normal range for a control group was 0.005-0.015, with samples taken in winter. PMID- 3919969 TI - Intramucosal activation of pepsinogens in the pathogenesis of acute gastric erosions and their prevention by the potent semisynthetic amphipathic inhibitor pepstatinyl-glycyl-lysyl-lysine. AB - This study was designed to test the proposal that a critical event in the formation of acute gastric erosions is the intramucosal activation of pepsinogens. Gastric erosions were induced in rats by controlled haemorrhagic shock. Free acid proteinase activity in homogenates of gastric mucosa taken to include erosions increased progressively throughout the period of hypotension. Free enzyme activity in homogenates of apparently normal mucosa between erosions remained substantially unchanged. Luminal pepstatin, the potent but hydrophobic specific acid proteinase inhibitor which does not penetrate gastric mucosa, did not prevent the development of erosions. The equally potent but amphipathic water soluble analogue pepstatinyl-gly-lys-lys, which does penetrate gastric mucosa, substantially reduced mucosal ulceration in this system. These findings suggest that focal intramucosal pepsinogen activation at the site of acute experimental erosions is causally related to their development, and suggest the inclusion of potent water soluble acid proteinase inhibitors of appropriate molecular structure in their clinical prevention and treatment. PMID- 3919970 TI - Valproylcarnitine: a novel drug metabolite identified by fast atom bombardment and thermospray liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. AB - Urine samples from three children at different stages of chronic valproate therapy were partially purified using a cation exchange column. A signal consistent with either valproylcarnitine or octanoylcarnitine was observed in one of these extracts by direct fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry analysis. These isomeric acylcarnitines were synthesized, separated and characterized by thermospray high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. This new technique was then employed to positively identify intact valproyl-carnitine in the patients' urine samples. The implications of this finding with regard to a mechanism to account for carnitine deficiency in patients receiving valproate are discussed. PMID- 3919971 TI - A study of the low beta-galactosidase activity in cystinotic fibroblasts: effects of cysteamine. AB - beta-Galactosidase activity but not beta-glucuronidase, N-acetyl-beta-D galactosaminidase or arylsulphatase A activity, is known to be significantly lower in cultured human skin fibroblasts from patients with cystinosis than in cells from control subjects. Incubation of cell homogenates with disulphide or thiol compounds did not affect beta-galactosidase activity, suggesting that decreased beta-galactosidase activity in affected cells was not caused by the presence of inhibiting substances or absence of activating substances. Incubating cells with 0.5 or 1.0 mmol/l cysteamine, a substance used in the clinical treatment of cystinosis because it depletes cells of excess cystine, greatly decreased beta-galactosidase activity in both cystinotic and normal cells. This effect is shown to result from enzyme instability in lysosomes with raised pH and increased thiol concentration. Thus, cysteamine, although effective in depleting cystinotic cells of excess cystine, may have the undesired side-effect of severely decreasing lysosomal beta-galactosidase. PMID- 3919972 TI - Gonadotrophin-secreting pituitary tumour: report and review. AB - A 34-year-old male with a pituitary adenoma was investigated and demonstrated to have hypersecretion of both gonadotrophins in the basal state. Immunocytochemical staining and electron microscopic examination were positive for tumour cells secreting FSH and LH. Presenting symptoms included visual disturbances, loss of libido, impotence, cold intolerance, frontal headaches, change in skin pigmentation and excessive weight gain. The patient denied alteration in hair distribution, had no acral features, galactorrhoea or gynaecomastia. Surgical extirpation resulted in complete amelioration of his symptoms over a three year follow-up period. Basal and stimulated pituitary function testing results returned to normal post-operatively. A review of the literature documents six other cases of pituitary tumour secreting both LH and FSH in the basal state. More commonly, the pituitary adenoma secretes FSH only. The literature is reviewed with regard to both types of tumour. PMID- 3919973 TI - Evidence for differing dopaminergic activity in childhood- or adult-onset obesity. AB - In order to investigate dopaminergic activity in two types of human obesity, childhood- and adult-onset, we have studied the responses of plasma TSH and prolactin to domperidone, a dopamine receptor antagonist, in 12 patients obese since early childhood, 12 patients with adult-onset obesity, and in 12 lean controls. All subjects were females. In childhood-onset obese patients the responses of plasma prolactin and TSH to antidopaminergic stimulation were lower than those of adult-onset obese patients and lean controls. Conversely, the stimulus elicited a normal response of plasma prolactin and an exaggerated response of plasma TSH in adult-onset obese patients. These data indicate the presence of differing dopaminergic tone in the two types of human obesity. PMID- 3919974 TI - Serum concentration of unsaturated thyroxine-binding globulin in hyper- and hypothyroidism. AB - The concentration of serum thyroxine (T4)-binding globulin (TBG) not binding T4 (unsaturated TBG, u-TBG) was determined in hyper- and hypothyroidism. u-TBG was expressed as the product of TBG concentration and the ratio of free TBG capacity to maximal TBG capacity as determined by reverse-flow electrophoresis. u-TBG concentration in normal sera (n = 40) was 15.5 +/- 2.3 mg/l (mean +/- SD), or 257 +/- 38 nmol/l for a molecular weight of TBG of 60 000 daltons. u-TBG levels were significantly lower in hyperthyroidism (7.1 +/- 2.3 mg/l, n = 16, P less than 0.001) and higher in hypothyroidism (21.7 +/- 5.0 mg/l, n = 22, P less than 0.001). Based on partial correlation analysis, u-TBG was inversely correlated to serum T4 (r = -0.586, P less than 0.001), but not correlated to triiodothyronine (T3) (r=-0.180, NS). There was a reciprocal correlation between u-TBG concentration and the T3 uptake value (r = 0.748, P less than 0.001). There was also a reciprocal correlation of u-TBG with both % free T4 (r = 0.425, P less than 0.001) and % free T3 (r = 0.377, P less than 0.001), when the data were subjected to partial correlation analysis. These results provide the values for u TBG concentration in hyper- and hypothyroidism, and support the concept that the free fractions of serum thyroid hormones may be determined by the number of binding sites of the TBG molecule that are not saturated with T4 in hyper-and hypothyroidism. PMID- 3919975 TI - Stimulation by food of peripheral plasma immunoreactive growth hormone releasing factor. AB - A highly specific radioimmunoassay has been used to study changes in peripheral human plasma growth hormone releasing factor (GRF) following the ingestion of food. From a mean basal plasma concentration of 11.8 pg/ml (range less than 7 15.4 pg/ml) in six normal individuals following overnight fast, the circulating concentration of GRF-like immunoreactivity increased to a mean maximum of 36.7 pg/ml (range 20.2-77.0 pg/ml) sampled 120 min after a mixed breakfast. This increase in GRF was accompanied by suppression rather than stimulation of circulating growth hormone. The predominant source of peripheral circulating GRF like immunoreactivity may therefore by extrahypothalamic and responds to an oral food stimulus. PMID- 3919976 TI - Calcinosis universalis treated with disodium etidronate. PMID- 3919977 TI - Complement activation by circulating serum factors in human glomerulonephritis. AB - Factors with the ability to induce a minimum of 20% C3 conversion in normal human serum (NHS) were demonstrated in the sera of nine glomerulonephritis (GN) patients. The nature of these factors was heterogeneous allowing their division into at least three different groups. First, in three cases (membranoproliferative or acute GN) they exhibited the characteristics of C3 nephritic factor, an IgG autoantibody stabilizing the alternative pathway (AP) C3 convertase, C3bBb. Secondly, the serum of one patient (SLE like syndrome, mixed cryoglobulinaemia) with an activator of both pathways and profound hypocomplementaemia showed a temperature-dependent precipitation against autologous and homologous polyclonal IgG. Immunochemical analysis suggested this activity to be due to a monoclonal IgM kappa rheumatoid factor. By gel filtration the C3 converting activity was found in the high molecular weight fractions containing the cryoprecipitable IgM-IgG complexes. Finally, in five cases the exact nature of C-activating factors remained unknown. In four of these the factors were heat labile (30 min at 54 degrees C) C activators in association with post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. The results suggest that the various C activating factors, possibly distinct from 'classical' immune complexes, are indicators of different types of pathogenetic mechanisms in certain forms of GN. PMID- 3919978 TI - Interferon-gamma production by peripheral blood leucocytes from patients with multiple sclerosis and other neurological diseases. AB - Peripheral blood leucocyte (PBL) cultures of patients with meningoencephalitis, myasthenia gravis, Alzheimer's dementia, Huntington's chorea as well as patients who were recovering from cerebrovascular accidents or from craniotomy for brain tumours, all had defective interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) responses to stimulation with concanavalin A (Con A) and phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), similar to those already described for PBL cultures of patients with multiple sclerosis. Specifically, cultures from a significant percentage of the patients failed to produce IFN after stimulation with either of the two mitogens. The yields from those cultures that did respond were not significantly lower than those from cultures of healthy blood donors. With increased doses of Con A, the cerebrovascular accident, meningo-encephalitis and MS groups kept their low response frequencies, while the other groups, i.e., myasthenia gravis, Alzheimer's dementia, Huntington's chorea and post-craniotomy, developed an increased response frequency. A good concordance was found between responsiveness to Con A and PHA. With pokeweed mitogen (PWM) as an inducer, no reduction in response frequencies or IFN yields were seen in any of the patient groups. Also, in general, yields were higher with PWM than with Con A. PMID- 3919979 TI - I-A restricted activation by T cell lines of anti-tuberculosis activity in murine macrophages. AB - Tuberculosis and leprosy remain two of the world's most significant diseases. Immunity involves the activation of macrophages by lymphokines but the details are unknown because there has been no objective assay for the relevant effector function using human pathogens. We previously reported the use of tritiated uracil uptake by surviving mycobacteria as a measure of the anti-mycobacterial effect of human monocytes. We describe here the use of a modification of this assay to measure control of the proliferation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in murine peritoneal macrophages. A bacteriostatic effect can be induced in macrophages infected with M. tuberculosis, by adding small numbers of Ly 1 +2- T cells from in vitro lines derived from immunized mice. The phenomenon is dependent on compatibility at the I-A locus of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and mediated by soluble factors. Such T cells also recognise and activate macrophages infected with other mycobacterial pathogens. Thus, T cells recognising shared mycobacterial antigens are active. The findings have implications for MHC linked susceptibility to mycobacterioses and the hypothesized ability of cross-reactive environmental mycobacteria to abrogate or pre-empt the protective efficacy of subsequent BCG vaccination. PMID- 3919980 TI - Characterization of a human monoclonal IgM with antibody activity to dsDNA. AB - We report here the characterization and fine specificity of a human monoclonal IgM lambda reacting with double stranded DNA. The purified IgM and its Fab fragment bind to DNA in the Farr or Crithidia lucilae assays as well as in an immunoenzymatic test. In the latter case, binding was inhibited by native DNA, by DNA alternative co-polymers and by some homopolymers only, but not by monodeoxyribonucleotides and ribonucleotides. Since cardiolipin and phosphatidic acid were good inhibitors, these data suggest that the monoclonal IgM reacts with the sugar phosphate backbone of deoxyribonucleic acids. Interestingly, the patient was affected with both Waldenstrom's macroglobulinaemia and pernicious anaemia without any symptoms of systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 3919981 TI - Abnormal B cell function in haemophiliacs and their relationship with factor concentrates administration. AB - The present study was performed to evaluate B cell function in haemophiliacs. Spontaneous and pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-induced immunoglobulin (Ig) production was determined by ELISA in the supernatants of cultured peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from 14 haemophiliacs and 17 normal donors. Spontaneous IgM, IgA and IgG production was three times higher in patients than normal controls, while PWM induced IgM, IgA and IgG production was markedly reduced in patients compared to normal donors (P less than 0.025). Allogeneic co-cultures of haemophiliacs and normal B plus T cell fractions revealed that these results are due to a defect of the patients' T cell depleted fraction. These abnormalities were not found in three patients who had received no clotting factor concentrates for at least 1 year prior to the study. Additionally, the annual amount of clotting factor concentrates received by treated patients correlates well with the enhancement of spontaneous Ig production (r = +0.688, P less than 0.02), the decrease of PWM induced Ig secretion (r = -0.655, P less than 0.02), and the elevation of serum IgG levels (r = +0.610, P less than 0.05). These findings suggest that the administration of clotting factor concentrates play an important role in the altered B cell function in haemophiliacs. PMID- 3919982 TI - Dissociated production of interleukin-2 and immune (gamma) interferon by phytohaemagglutinin stimulated lymphocytes in healthy infants. AB - Cord blood lymphocytes were stimulated with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) to produce interleukin-2 (IL-2) and immune interferon (IFN-gamma). On PHA stimulation, cord blood lymphocytes produced efficiently IL-2 as much as adult ones. Antiviral activity generated on PHA stimulation was shown to consist mainly of IFN-gamma as assessed by the sensitivity to pH 2.0 treatment and neutralization with anti human IFN-gamma antibody. In contrast to IL-2 production, cord blood lymphocytes released extremely low levels of IFN-gamma following PHA stimulation. The producing ability of IFN-gamma by lymphocytes on PHA stimulation gradually increased with child growth, but was significantly low at 1-2 years of age as compared with adult controls. Around 3 years of age or later, the producing ability of IFN-gamma by lymphocytes on PHA stimulation attained levels comparable to those of adult cells. These results suggested that IL-2 producing ability of lymphocytes appeared to be at a mature stage at birth, whereas lymphocytes in the early human life might be relatively deficient in their ability to produce IFN gamma. PMID- 3919983 TI - Common variable immune deficiency syndrome associated with lupus anticoagulant. AB - A patient with an acquired immune deficiency syndrome developed a lupus anticoagulant in which the inhibitory activity was manifested only as a prolongation of the partial thromboplastin time. Contrary to previous reports, the substitution of platelets or platelet sonicates for phospholipid in this coagulant assay failed to correct the abnormality and the inhibitor did not exhibit immunoreactivity against phospholipids. The possible mechanisms of action of these inhibitors are discussed. PMID- 3919984 TI - Brucella osteomyelitis of a closed femur fracture. AB - A 19-year-old man incurred a closed femoral fracture complicated by hematogenous dissemination of Brucella osteomyelitis. Repeated limited incision and drainage were ineffective in eradicating infection. Wide debridement, delayed wound closure, and vigorous antimicrobial therapy with streptomycin and tetracycline, along with cephalosporin for secondary staphylococcal infection, were necessary measures before the infection was eradicated. A constant awareness of brucella musculoskeletal infection is advisable when caring for patients frequently exposed to all kinds of livestock, including domesticated and wild animals. PMID- 3919985 TI - Human scanning with In-111 oxine labeled autologous lymphocytes. AB - Autologous lymphocytes were labeled with In-111 oxine in 26 patients with chronic inflammatory disease. Whole body gamma camera scans were performed at 24 and 48 hours post injection. Activity was normally seen in spleen, liver, bone marrow, and cervical and inguinal lymph nodes; any activity outside there areas was considered abnormal. Five out of 11 patients with proven or suspected chronic osteomyelitis had positive scans. Four out of five patients with chronic arthritic diseases had positive scans. Also, three patients had bladder uptake suggesting bladder inflammation on a chronic basis. PMID- 3919986 TI - Noninvasive monitoring of blood gases in the newborn. AB - The authors review the function, reliability, risks, and clinical applications of skin surface blood gas monitoring that have become evident during the first decade of its clinical use. Also discussed is the problem of data expression and the recent developments in this area. PMID- 3919987 TI - Respiratory airflow measurement in the neonate. AB - The authors present quantitative and qualitative techniques for respiratory airflow measurement and discuss the possible clinical applications and limitations of these methods. PMID- 3919988 TI - Effects of hydralazine, nitroglycerin, and food on estimated hepatic blood flow. AB - Several recent studies have shown that hydralazine and nitroglycerin may increase the apparent oral bioavailability of high-clearance drugs. It has been postulated that the mechanism responsible may be a vasodilator-induced transient increase in hepatic blood flow with an associated reduction in first-pass metabolism. To test this hypothesis, we examined the effect of hydralazine (25 mg) and sublingual nitroglycerin (2 doses of 0.6 mg separated by 30 minutes) on indocyanine green (ICG) blood clearance (ClB). Forty minutes after the start of nitroglycerin therapy, ICG ClB fell from a baseline of 648 +/- 98 to 607 +/- 151 ml/min, and was further decreased to 578 +/- 98 ml/min 80 minutes after dosing. Hydralazine induced no consistent effect on ICG ClB. ICG ClB was 744 +/- 376, 721 +/- 218, and 763 +/- 195 ml/min at baseline, 40 minutes, and 80 minutes after dosing. As a positive control, ICG ClB was assessed after a high-protein meal. After this meal, ICG ClB increased from 656 +/- 107 to 811 +/- 141 and 801 +/- 132 ml/min at 40 and 80 minutes after dosing. These data suggest that one or more mechanism(s) other than changes in hepatic blood flow are involved in the vasodilator-induced increase in the apparent oral bioavailability of high-clearance drugs. PMID- 3919989 TI - Theophylline kinetics in chronic obstructive airway disease in the elderly. AB - Theophylline kinetic studies, serial spirometric function tests, and arterial blood gas determinations were performed in 39 adult men with stable chronic obstructive airway disease (COPD). Subjects were given an intravenous aminophylline loading dose of 5.6 mg/kg and a maintenance dose of 0.9 mg/kg/hr for 6 hours. Elderly (greater than 60 years old) nonsmoking subjects had 36% lower theophylline clearance (Cl) and a 40% longer serum theophylline elimination t1/2 than did middle-aged (less than 60 years old) nonsmoking subjects (mean +/- SE; clearances of 32.6 +/- 3.2 [n = 13] and 50.7 +/- 8.5 ml/kg/hr [n = 8] and t1/2s of 11.0 +/- 0.8 and 7.4 +/- 0.8 hours, respectively). There were also differences in Cl and t1/2 between elderly and middle-aged subjects in both the smoking and nonsmoking groups: elderly group, Cl = 43.6 +/- 3.7 mg/kg/hr and t1/2 = 9.0 +/- 0.7 hours; middle-aged group, Cl = 57.6 +/- 6.0 mg/kg/hr and t1/2 = 6.7 +/- 0.6 hours). There was consistent improvement in spirometric functions in both nonsmoking and smoking elderly subjects: percent changes in forced expiratory volume in 1 second of 19% to 25%; in forced vital capacity of 25% to 31%; in forced expiratory flow at 25% to 75% of vital capacity of 59% to 67%; and in maximum mid-flow time of -25% to -30%, at serum theophylline concentrations of 10 to 13 mg/L (group mean). We conclude that elderly nonsmoking subjects with COPD cleared theophylline more slowly than did middle-aged, nonsmoking subjects with COPD.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3919990 TI - Platelet fatty acid composition in relation to fatty acid composition in plasma and to serum lipoprotein lipids in healthy subjects with special reference to the linoleic acid pathway. AB - The fatty acid composition in platelet phospholipids and in the plasma lipid esters as well as the serum lipoprotein lipid concentrations were determined in 67 healthy male subjects in order to establish the relationships between blood lipids and platelets. A positive correlation was found between the concentrations of the triglyceride rich serum lipoprotein lipids and the relative percentage of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids in plasma. The correlations were also positive between the serum high density lipoprotein-cholesterol concentration and the relative content of linoleic acid in the plasma cholesterol esters and phospholipids. Negative correlations were found between the relative percentage of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids in the plasma lipid esters versus linoleic acid in plasma and in the platelets. On the other hand there were positive correlations between linoleic acid in the plasma lipid esters and in the platelet phospholipids. These results indicate a direct dietary influence on the platelet phospholipid fatty acid composition. The correlations between the fatty acids of the n-6 series within plasma and platelets as well as between plasma and platelets indicate that a high linoleic acid content is not associated with an increased arachidonic acid concentration. The results also indicate that the limiting metabolic step in the conversion of linoleic acid into arachidonic acid may be located at different levels in plasma and in the platelets. PMID- 3919991 TI - Evaluation of the RIM system and Gono Gen test for identification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae from clinical specimens. AB - RIM-N (Austin Biological Laboratories) and Gono Gen (Micro Media Systems) were evaluated for accuracy and compared with conventional carbohydrate degradation tests for identification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. A total of 127 fresh clinical isolates of N. gonorrhoeae were tested; 118 (93%) were identified by RIM-N, and 100 (79%) yielded positive reactions with Gono Gen. Seventy nongonococcal isolates including other Neisseria species, Branhamella catarrhalis, Kingella kingae, and Moraxella species were evaluated to determine the specificity of the test methods. Both rapid tests were 100% specific in the identification of N. gonorrhoeae isolates. RIM-N was the most sensitive test for the identification of N. gonorrhoeae and offers a useful, more rapid alternative to conventional carbohydrate degradation methods. PMID- 3919992 TI - Differentiation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacteriaceae in direct smears based on measurements by scanning electron microscopy. AB - We believe that experienced observers can often distinguish between Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, by differences in dimensions in Gram-stained direct smears. Many microbiologists question whether this should be attempted because of overlap in dimensions. We have found that culture results confirm our observations about 80% of the time and that such reporting is helpful in diagnosis and treatment. We decided to try to verify the differences in dimensions objectively. Because of the limitations of making measurements by light microscopy, exudate from clinical specimens and from experimental mouse infections were examined by scanning electron microscopy. Discriminant function analysis was applied to the dimensions of length and width, and this showed that 83% of the organisms in both groups could be correctly classified on the basis of the dimensions. This supports our premise that experienced observers should be able to differentiate between these organisms in Gram-stained direct smears, using light microscopy with sufficient confidence to provide clinically useful information. PMID- 3919993 TI - Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Nocardia asteroides in lung biopsy tissue of an immunodeficient infant. AB - Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Nocardia asteroides were recovered from lung tissue of an infant with an immunologic deficit. The isolate suggests a possible role of M. pneumoniae as an opportunistic pathogen. This case underscores the importance of comprehensive evaluation of lung biopsy specimens and the usefulness of Mycoplasma cultures. PMID- 3919994 TI - Proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans of normal and strontium rachitic epiphyseal cartilage. AB - An analytical protocol for the analysis of proteoglycans and proteins extracted from small sections of cartilage has been applied to the upper and lower parts of the epiphyseal growth plate of normal rats and rats with strontium-induced rickets. Only one polydisperse proteoglycan population was found in each of the four tissue portions. In strontium-induced rachitic animals the aggregability of proteoglycan monomers with hyaluronate was considerably increased in the lower part of the growth plate. The proteoglycans in the upper portion of the epiphysis contained somewhat less of chondroitin sulfate and keratan sulfate both in normal and strontium-induced rachitic rats. The chondroitin sulfate chains were somewhat larger in samples from strontium-induced rachitic rats compared with controls while in all groups about 90 per cent of the galactosamine in chondroitin sulfate was sulfated at position four. The findings of an altered composition of proteoglycans in strontium-induced rickets demonstrate that strontium not only prevents the mineral growth but may also induce the chondrocytes to produce a matrix with a different macromolecular composition. PMID- 3919995 TI - Proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans of epiphyseal cartilage in florid and healing low phosphate, vitamin D deficiency rickets. AB - The composition of proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans in two portions of the rat epiphyseal growth cartilage in florid and healing low phosphate, vitamin D deficiency rickets was studied. The concentration of both chondroitin sulfate and keratan sulfate was reduced with about 25 per cent in the lower (mineralizing) part of the growth plate in healing rickets compared to the lower (hypertrophic) part in florid rickets. In all samples about 85 per cent of the chondroitin sulfate chains had a sulfate ester group in the fourth position. Both in florid and healing rickets only one main population of polydisperse proteoglycans was found. In florid rickets the capacity to form aggregates with hyaluronic acid was the same in the upper and lower parts of the growth plate. With the onset of mineralization in healing rickets, however, a substantial decrease in this aggregability was demonstrated. These results give further support to the hypothesis that proteoglycans and, especially, proteoglycan aggregates, play a role in the mineralization process. PMID- 3919996 TI - Conditioned suppression of proboscis extension in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Food-deprived Drosophila melanogaster extend their proboscises following sucrose stimulation of the front tarsi (the proboscis extension reflex). Medioni and Vaysse (1975) reported that the inhibition of this response can be conditioned over trials if such proboscis extensions are punished by applying an aversive stimulus to the foreleg tarsi. In this study, Medioni and Vaysse's basic observations of conditioning were replicated, with a different strain of flies and a modified conditioning apparatus. PMID- 3919997 TI - Selection for central excitation in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - In two populations of Drosophila melanogaster, bidirectional selection and single pair matings for high and low expression of central excitatory state (CES) succeeded in producing from one a high, but not a low, CES line, and from the other a low, but not a high, CES line. Compared with results from the selection studies of the blow fly, Phormia regina, in which one major gene correlate of CES has been found, the results from this study suggest that in D. melanogaster there are several gene correlates of CES, opposite alleles of some of which have become fixed in the divergent lines. PMID- 3919998 TI - Matters for concern. Who will pay for community care? PMID- 3919999 TI - Disodium cromoglycate inhibits allergic patch test reactions. AB - Disodium cromoglycate was applied before patch testing in patients with contact allergy to propipocaine hydrochloride, nickel and formaldehyde. The responses obtained were mitigated to a high degree when compared with similar effects due to corticoids. PMID- 3920000 TI - Mast-cell growth factor: its role in mast-cell differentiation, proliferation, and maturation. PMID- 3920001 TI - Biochemical and biological properties of interleukin-3: a lymphokine mediating the differentiation of a lineage of cells that includes prothymocytes and mastlike cells. PMID- 3920002 TI - Central and peripheral nervous system in uremia: an overview. PMID- 3920003 TI - Galactosyltransferases: physical, chemical, and biological aspects. AB - Galactosyltransferases (GTs) are one of the members of a family of enzymes called glycosyltransferases involved in the biosynthesis of complex carbohydrates. These enzymes catalyze the transfer of galactose from UDP-galactose to an acceptor (glycoprotein, glycolipid) containing terminal N-acetylglucosamine or N acetylgalactosamine residue. GTs occur in soluble (milk, serum, effusions, etc.) and insoluble (membrane) forms. The GT activities on the outer surface of the cells have been correlated with a host of cellular interactions, including fertilization, cell migration, embryonic induction, chondrogenesis, contact inhibition of growth, cell adhesion, hemostasis, intestinal cell differentiation, and immune recognition. GTs have been purified to homogeneity using affinity chromatography. Most GTs are found active in the pH range 6 to 8 and at temperatures between 35 to 40 degrees C. Manganese is an essential co-factor for GT activity. Isoenzymes of GT have been recognized, especially in tumor tissues, malignant effusions, and sera of cancer patients using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence and absence of SDS. Depending on the source of the enzyme, the molecular weights of GTs range between 40,000 to 80,000 daltons. Carcinoma-associated GT isoenzyme has been reported to have a higher molecular weight than the normal GT isoenzyme. Development of monoclonal antibody against the cancer-specific GT isoenzyme will provide help in the development of an immunoassay for the measurement of this isoenzyme in the sera and an aid in the radioimmunolocalization of the tumors in cancer patients. PMID- 3920004 TI - Catheter insertion through steel needles. PMID- 3920005 TI - A lipid-phase separation model of low-temperature damage to biological membranes. AB - An hypothesis is proposed to explain the damage caused to biological membranes exposed to low temperatures. The thesis rests on the general observation that the lipid components of most membranes are heterogeneous and undergo phase transitions from gel-phase lamellae to liquid-crystalline lamellae and some to a non-lamellar, hexagonal-II phase over a wide range of temperatures. As a consequence of these phase transitions the lateral distribution of the lipids characteristic of the growth temperature is disturbed and redistribution takes place on the basis of the temperature at which phase transitions occur. When membranes are cooled, first the non-lamellar forming lipids pass through a transition to a fluid lamellar phase and are miscible with bilayer-forming lipids into which they diffuse. On further cooling the high-melting-point lipids begin to crystallize and separate into a lamellar gel phase, in the process excluding the low-melting point lipids and intrinsic proteins. The lipids in these remaining regions form a gel phase at the lowest temperature. It is suggested that, because the non-lamellar lipids tend to undergo a liquid-crystalline to gel phase transition at higher temperatures than lamellar-forming lipids, these will tend to phase separate into a gel phase domain rich in these lipids. Damage results when the membrane is reheated, whereupon the hexagonal-II-forming lipids give rise to non-lamellar structures. These probably take the form of inverted micelles sandwiched within the lipid bilayer and they completely destroy the permeability barrier properties of the membrane. The model is consistent with the phase behavior of membrane lipids and the action of cryoprotective agents in modifying lipid phase properties. PMID- 3920006 TI - Integration of the nursing diagnostic process within the clinical setting. PMID- 3920007 TI - Shock management: Part II. Pharmacologic intervention. PMID- 3920008 TI - Monoclonal antibodies to bovine alpha-crystallin. AB - Monoclonal antibodies to bovine alpha-crystallin have been produced using hybridoma technology. Five selected hybridoma clones were maintained as ascites tumours in mice and gram quantities of the antibodies were purified from the ascites fluids by affinity chromatography on alpha m-crystallin covalently bound to Sepharose CL-2B. Preliminary characterization studies suggest that the antibodies are pure and monospecific. The antibodies could be divided into two groups on the basis of their reactivities towards iodinated alpha-crystallin, their ability to bind to Protein A-Sepharose, their immunoglobulin subclass, their immunoelectrophoretic patterns and their abilities to react with chicken and opossum alpha-crystallin. The availability of these monoclonal antibodies will greatly facilitate studies on the surface topography of alpha-crystallin. PMID- 3920009 TI - Effect of lipid peroxidation on rhodopsin regeneration. AB - We have developed an in vitro system in which lipid peroxidation can be produced in a predictable fashion and have studied the effects of peroxidation on regenerability of rhodopsin in rod outer segments (ROS). ROS isolated by sucrose flotation from dark-adapted retinas of Rana pipiens were suspended in various concentrations of FeSO4 and 1 or 2 mM ascorbic acid for 10 minutes. An increase in lipid hydroperoxides (measured as conjugated dienes) and a decrease in 22:6 omega 3 were determined for each Fe+2 concentration and used as an index of peroxidation. Following incubation with and without FeSO4, ROS were pelleted and rhodopsin was regenerated with 15 micron 11-cis-retinal. The regenerability of rhodopsin in ROS in which significant lipid peroxidation had taken place was reduced by 40-50% compared to controls. DTPA (diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid), EDTA, and EGTA protected against lipid peroxidation by Fe+2 and allowed almost complete regeneration of rhodopsin. Incubation with DTPA also prevented the destruction of vitamin E in ROS. Other compounds containing primary amine groups did not protect against peroxidation or loss of regenerability. These experiments indicate that lipid peroxidation is associated with a loss of regenerability of the visual pigment rhodopsin. PMID- 3920010 TI - Controlled-release transdermal drug delivery. PMID- 3920011 TI - A histologically occult lymphoma revealed by electron microscopy. PMID- 3920012 TI - Induction of chromosome banding by trypsin/EDTA for gene mapping by in situ hybridization. AB - We describe an easy and reproducible procedure that utilizes trypsin/EDTA for the induction of chromosome banding in conjunction with in situ hybridization. The high quality banding resolution required for grain localization is obtained on both elongated and contracted chromosomes derived from synchronized or nonsynchronized human lymphocytes or fibroblasts. This procedure can also be useful for gene localization on chromosomes from cancer cells. PMID- 3920013 TI - Electron microscopical analysis of Drosophila polytene chromosomes. II. Development of complex puffs. AB - Data are presented of electron microscopic (EM) analysis of consecutive developmental stages of Drosophila melanogaster complex puffs, formed as a result of simultaneous decondensation of several bands. EM mapping principles proposed by us permitted more exact determination of the banding patterns of 19 regions in which 31 puffs develop. It is shown that 20 of them develop as a result of synchronous decondensation of two bands, 7 of three and 4 of one band. Three cases of two-band puff formation when one or both bands undergo partial decondensation are described. In the 50CF, 62CE, 63F and 71CF regions puffing zones are located closely adjacent to each other but the decondensation of separate band groups occurs at different puff stages (PS). These data are interpreted as activation of independently regulated DNA sequences. The decondensation of two or three adjacent bands during formation of the majority of the puffs occurs simultaneously in the very first stages of their development. It demonstrates synchronous activation of the material of several bands presumably affected by a common inductor. Bands adjacent to puffing centres also lose their clarity as the puff develops, probably due to "passive" decondensation connected with puff growth. The morphological data obtained suggest a complex genetic organisation of many puffs. PMID- 3920014 TI - Electron microscopical analysis of Drosophila polytene chromosomes. III. Mapping of puffs developing from one band. AB - Mapping of 16 regions of polytene chromosomes in which 18 one-band puffs develop was carried out with the use of electron microscopy (EM). In most cases a uniform decondensation of the whole band was observed. However, there were examples in which only a part of the band was activated (three puffs) or its right and left parts decondensed simultaneously (three puffs). Splitting of the band into two parts with their further decondensation was also found (one puff). This suggests structural and functional complexity of the bands. On the basis of the data obtained here and those published earlier, a classification of 52 puffs by the number of bands participating in their formation is given. Four classes numbering 22, 21, 7, 2 puffs, developing from 1, 2, 3 and 4 bands, respectively, are revealed. The data show that active chromosome regions are rather diverse in both the pattern of decondensation and expansion of the decondensed region, thus providing evidence of the informational complexity of the majority of active regions. PMID- 3920015 TI - Immunofluorescence localization of DNA:RNA hybrids in Drosophila melanogaster polytene chromosomes. AB - Sites of transcriptional activity in the whole set of Drosophila melanogaster polytene chromosomes have been localized by means of fluorescent antibodies against DNA:RNA hybrid molecules and compared with results on 3H-uridine incorporation obtained earlier. The majority of large and small puffs with intensive 3H-uridine incorporation demonstrate bright fluorescence. Moreover, bright fluorescence is also observed for a large number of small puffs though the intensity of 3H-uridine incorporation is low. Some prominent puffs with high levels of 3H-uridine incorporation show weak fluorescence. Condensed bands, as a rule, do not show fluorescence. The regions that look like interbands under the light microscope are not real interbands, but consist of minibands visible only in the electron microscope (EM). However, a region that has been previously studied by EM and proven to be a real interband between two thick dark bands (100B3-100B4-5) showed fluorescence. These data support previous suggestions indicating a substantial contribution of transcriptional products from small puffs and interbands to the whole transcriptional system of polytene chromosomes. PMID- 3920016 TI - X chromosomal organisation and dosage compensation. In situ transcription of chromatin template activity of X chromosome hyperploids of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - The chromatin template activity of the polytene X chromosomal DNA was assayed by in situ transcription on the fixed polytene chromosomes using E. coli RNA polymerase holoenzyme and 3H-UTP as the monitoring substrate in various 1X2A, 2X2A and 3X2A larvae and 1X2A (+ X fragments) segmental aneuploid larvae of Drosophila melanogaster. The segmental aneuploids contained duplications for the segments 15EF-20F, 11A-20F, 8C-20F and 3E-20F of the X chromosome. Results revealed that a double dose of active loci located in the X chromosome regions 15EF-20F, 11A-20F, and 8C-20F in aneuploids synthesized nearly 40%-70% more RNA than the normal single dose of this region in the wild-type males. The activity per gene dose for the two segments in the aneuploids was also significantly higher than in their male counterpart except for the duplication dp (3E-20F), where the duplicated piece extended from the centromeric heterochromatin to include 85% of the euchromatic portion of the X chromosome. In the case of dp (3E 20F), the X chromosome was transcribed at the lower, "female" level. It may also be noted that some regions of the X chromosome when present in extra copy, especially in dp (8C-20F) influenced the template activity of the X-linked genes inside or outside the duplicated segment. Metafemales (3X2A) have 50% higher template activity of the X chromosomes than their diploid sisters. In this study, metafemales behaved as females with duplication.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3920017 TI - Chromosome structure and DNA replication in nurse and follicle cells of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - In the nurse cells of Drosophila, nuclear DNA is replicated many times without nuclear division. Nurse cells differ from salivary gland cells, another type of endoreplicated Drosophila cell, in that banded polytene chromosomes are not seen in large nurse cells. Cytophotometry of Feulgen stained nurse cell nuclei that have also been labeled with 3H-thymidine shows that the DNA contents between S phases are not doublings of the diploid value. In situ hybridization of cloned probes for 28S + 18S ribosomal RNA, 5S RNA, and histone genes, and for satellite, copia, and telomere sequences shows that satellite and histone sequences replicate only partially during nurse cell growth, while 5S sequences fully replicate. However, during the last nurse cell endoreplication cycle, all sequences including the previously under-replicated satellite sequences replicate fully. In situ hybridization experiments also demonstrate that the loci for the multiple copies of histone and 5S RNA genes are clustered into a small number of sites. In contrast, 28S + 18S rRNA genes are dispersed. We discuss the implications of the observed distribution of sequences within nurse cell nuclei for interphase nuclear organization. In the ovarian follicle cells, which undergo only two or three endoreplication cycles, satellite, histone and ribosomal DNA sequences are also found by in situ hybridization to be underrepresented; satellite sequences may not replicate beyond their level in 2C cells. Hence the pathways of endoreplication in three cell types, salivary gland, nurse, and follicle cells, share basic features of DNA replication, and differ primarily in the extent of association of the duplicated chromatids. PMID- 3920018 TI - Control of DNA replication and spatial distribution of defined DNA sequences in salivary gland cells of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - In dividing cells, each sequence replicates exactly once in each S-phase, but in cells with polytene chromosomes, some sequences may replicate more than once or fail to replicate during S-phase. Because of this differential replication, the control of replication in polytene cells must have some unusual features. Dennhofer (1982a) has recently concluded that the total DNA content of the polytene cells of Drosophila salivary glands exactly doubles in each S-phase. This observation, along with previous studies demonstrating satellite underreplication in salivary gland cells, led us to consider the hypothesis that there is a "doubling of DNA" mechanism for the control of DNA replication in polytene cells. With this mechanism, a doubling of DNA content, rather than the replication of each sequence, would signal the end of a cycle of DNA replication. To test this hypothesis, we have reinvestigated the replication of several sequences (satellite, ribosomal, histone and telomere) in salivary gland cells using quantitative in situ hybridization. We find that underreplication of some sequences does occur. In addition we have repeated Dennhofer's cytophotometric and labeling studies. In contrast to Dennhofer, we find that the total DNA contents of nonreplicating nuclei do reflect this partial replication, in accord with Rudkin's (1969) result. We conclude that DNA replication in polytene cells is controlled by modifications of the mechanism operating in dividing cells, where control is sequence autonomous, and not by a "doubling of DNA" mechanism. In situ hybridization to unbroken salivary gland nuclei reveals the distribution of specific sequences. As expected, satellite, histone and 5S sequences are usually in a single cluster.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3920019 TI - [Comparative study of three tests for detecting meningococcus group A antibodies]. PMID- 3920020 TI - [Surgical treatment of ossification of longitudinal ligament]. PMID- 3920021 TI - [Depth of the anterior chamber in primary angle closure glaucoma]. PMID- 3920022 TI - [Primary angle-closure glaucoma and blood-group antigens]. PMID- 3920023 TI - [Clinical research on angle recession after blunt trauma]. PMID- 3920025 TI - [Mechanism of the effect of trabeculectomy: an experimental study]. PMID- 3920024 TI - [Glaucoma associated with traumatic dislocation of the lens]. PMID- 3920026 TI - [Analysis of the causes of blindness in glaucoma]. PMID- 3920027 TI - [Statistics on primary glaucoma and an analysis of a family history]. PMID- 3920028 TI - [Preliminary report on the changes in the corneal endothelium after lens implantation]. PMID- 3920030 TI - [On the causes of extrusion of episcleral silicone implants following retinal detachment surgery]. PMID- 3920029 TI - [Rheo-oculography of the normal eye]. PMID- 3920031 TI - [Circling operation with fascia lata strips in retinal detachment]. PMID- 3920032 TI - [Acute concomitant esotropia: report of 10 cases]. PMID- 3920033 TI - [Sjogren's syndrome and a simple method for its diagnosis]. PMID- 3920034 TI - [Treatment of dacryocystitis of the newborn infant]. PMID- 3920035 TI - [Cone dysfunction syndrome: report of 6 cases]. PMID- 3920036 TI - [Successful treatment of exogenous fungal endophthalmitis with amphotericin B]. PMID- 3920037 TI - [Corticosteroids and primary open-angle glaucoma]. PMID- 3920038 TI - [Development of respiratory function in patients with chronic obstructive respiratory disease]. AB - Follow-up assessments were done in 18 patients with chronic obstructive airways disease, mainly chronic obstructive bronchitis, over a mean of 9.4 (6-18) years. Two hospital admissions were required for periods of three years. In addition, 5 of the patients had concomitant severe emphysema (chronic obstructive emphysematous bronchitis). During the observation period development of emphysema and airways resistance had not increased to any measurable degree. The patients' mean age by the end of the study was 63.6 years. Reversibility of the disease could not be influenced during clinical treatment. Patients with serious emphysema had neither worse airways resistances nor worse arterial blood gases than patients with obstructive airways disease without emphysema. As expression of increasing distribution disorder only arterial oxygen pressure decreased during the observation period when compared to normal age-related changes. The investigation demonstrates the great relevance of persistent treatment for prevention of exacerbations as well as for interval periods. This has decisively influenced the course of the disease: life expectancy of patients has clearly improved as respiratory function can be maintained constant over many years. PMID- 3920039 TI - [Effect of almitrine on arterial blood gases in 3 patients with homozygotic alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency]. PMID- 3920040 TI - [Pseudothrombocytopenia--an error in the determination of thrombocyte count]. AB - Automated counting resulted in erroneously low numbers of platelets (pseudothrombocytopenia) in three patients. The machine-derived values (ELT-8) were initially 30 000, 8000 and 8000/microliter, respectively. Numerous agglutinates could be demonstrated in the counting chamber. Whereas counting in the first patient showed a real value with an average of 252 000/microliter both the other preparations could not be counted due to numerous agglutinates. The artificially low number of platelets in the counter can thus be explained by lack of recognition as platelets due to the size of the in vitro formation of agglutinates. Should these be of the size of white cells leukocytosis may be suggested. Formation of agglutinates was not limited to use of EDTA as anticoagulant but could also be observed with other anticoagulants such as heparin and citrate. For prevention of superfluous and potentially dangerous therapeutic steps the diagnosis of platelet deficiency should be ascertained in any case by additional determination of the platelet count in the counting chamber. PMID- 3920041 TI - Use of RAST screening in clinical allergy: a cost-effective approach to patient care. PMID- 3920042 TI - [Effect of Bac. megaterium H on tumor induction by methylcholanthrene]. AB - It is shown that Bac megaterium H which has cross-reacting antigens with malignant tumour tissues may influence the time of appearance and growth of tumours, induced by 20-methylcholanthrene in BALB/c mice. The strengthening of tumour growth rate was most distinctly displayed if Bac. megaterium H was injected once 7 days before the methylcholanthrene inoculation. PMID- 3920043 TI - [Antirecurrence action of preparations made from Listeria in the surgical removal of sarcoma 180]. AB - It is shown that in spite of the absence of the marked inhibition of the tumour growth in the preparative period listeria preparations decreased the percentage of recurrances. Based on the results obtained a conclusion is drawn that injection of listeria preparations into the tumour for several days before its surgical removal may be an effective prophylactic means of the relapse development. PMID- 3920044 TI - Brain-stem auditory evoked responses during activation of generalized paroxysmal discharges in man. PMID- 3920045 TI - Evaluation of carbamate toxicity: acute toxicity in a culture of Paramecium multimicronucleatum upon exposure to aldicarb, carbaryl, and mexacarbate as measured by Warburg respirometry and acute plate assay. AB - The present study was undertaken to explore the acute toxicity of three carbamate pesticides, aldicarb, carbaryl, and mexacarbate, on a population of Paramecium multimicronucleatum. The toxicity was evaluated by the Warburg respirometer and the static acute plate assay. Aldicarb, carbaryl, and mexacarbate were shown to significantly inhibit cumulative oxygen uptake at 24 hr in the paramecium culture at 160, 120, and 100 ppm, respectively. Aldicarb, carbaryl, and mexacarbate concentrations of 60, 20, and 10 ppm demonstrated no inhibition of cumulative oxygen uptake when compared to a paramecium control at 24 hr. Pesticide concentrations intermediate to the high and low concentrations demonstrated varying degrees of inhibition. Static plate assay data for aldicarb demonstrated LC50 values of 93, 104, 122, and 145 ppm at 24, 17, 13, and 9 hr, while carbaryl demonstrated LC50 values of 28, 34, 46, 65, and 105 ppm at 24, 17, 13, 9, and 7 hr, respectively. Mexacarbate LC50 values were 19, 25, 35, 57, and 83 ppm at 24, 17, 13, 9, and 7 hr. Oxygen uptake values compared favorably with the static assay data. Scanning electron micrographs demonstrated several morphologic changes in paramecium with increased pesticide concentration and exposure time including ciliary abnormalities and disruption of surface structure. PMID- 3920046 TI - Purification and properties of plasminogen activators from epithelial cells. AB - Two epithelial plasminogen activators were purified from the serum-free conditioned medium of guinea pig keratocytes (GPK) and human breast epithelial (BEB) cells in culture. The cells were cultured on Cytodex 3 microcarrier beads in Eagles' minimum essential medium. The purification procedure was essentially as described by Rijken and Collen (1981) [J. Biol. Chem. 265, 7035-7041]. The specific activities of the purified GPK and BEB activators were 12500 and 6000 IU/mg. Unlike other tissue activators, both the epithelial activators had an isoelectric point of approximately 4.7 +/- 0.2. Pure enzymes were shown to be homogeneous by dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with an apparent molecular mass of 62 +/- 2 kDa under reducing conditions. Immunological experiments have shown that both the activators are different from urokinase and do not cross react with anti-urokinase antibodies. Both GPK and BEB activators bound tightly to fibrin clots in vitro. Preliminary N-terminal sequence results indicate that both the epithelial activators appear to be similar to one another but different from melanoma and other tissue activators. These findings indicate that the plasminogen activators secreted by epithelial cells represent a unique and different class of tissue plasminogen activator. PMID- 3920047 TI - Determination of the structure of the carbohydrate chains of prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase from sheep. AB - Prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase was isolated from sheep seminal vesicles. Sugar analysis of the glycoprotein revealed the presence of mannose and N acetylglucosamine only. The carbohydrate moiety was released from the polypeptide backbone by hydrazinolysis. After re-N-acetylation and reduction, the resulting mixture of oligosaccharide-alditols was fractionated on Bio-Gel P-4 and their structures were investigated by 500-MHz1H-NMR spectroscopy. The carbohydrate chains turned out to be of the oligomannoside type containing six to nine mannose residues. The largest and most abundant compound was established to be: (formula; see text) For the smaller structures heterogeneity occurs with respect to the outer alpha(1----2)-linked mannose residues. Furthermore, a small amount of Man6GlcNAc-ol (artefact of the hydrazinolysis procedure) was detected by 1H-NMR spectroscopy and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. PMID- 3920048 TI - Activation and inhibition of phosphorylase kinase by monospecific antibodies against preparatively isolated alpha, beta and gamma subunits. AB - Homogeneous alpha and beta subunits were isolated for the first time in preparative amounts in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. Analysis by analytical polyacrylamide electrophoresis, sedimentation velocity, and immunoprecipitation with monospecific antibodies indicated homogeneity. The apparent molecular masses of the purified subunits as determined electrophoretically in the presence of dodecyl sulfate are: alpha = 140.2 +/- 2.1 kDa and beta = 123 +/- 1.8 kDa. Amino acid analyses show that per 100 mol amino acid the alpha-subunit has a higher serine content (Ser alpha/Ser beta = 1.32, Ser alpha/Ser gamma = 1.42) and a lower aspartic acid/asparagine (Asx) content (AsX alpha/Asx beta = 0.76, Asx alpha/Asx gamma = 0.90) than the beta and gamma subunits. Monospecific antibodies against the purified alpha, beta and gamma subunits were produced in sheep [J. Immunol. Methods (1984) 70, 193-209] and their action on the catalytic activity of non-activated phosphorylase kinase assayed. It can be shown that certain antibody fractions of anti-alpha, anti-beta and anti-gamma inhibit the Ca2+-dependent and Ca2+-independent activity at pH 6.8 as well as at pH 8.2. Other antibody fractions against the beta and gamma subunits however activate the Ca2+-dependent activity at pH 6.8 threefold to fourfold, although they inhibit the activity at pH 8.2. These antibodies lead to a ca. five fold increase in the pH 6.8/8.2 activity ratio. Activating anti-beta can even overcome the inhibitory action of anti-alpha at pH 6.8. A kinetic analysis shows that inhibition is the result of a mixed type mechanism whereas activation is due to a fivefold to tenfold increase in V for phosphorylase b. The results illustrate the importance of possibly large, concerted conformational changes of phosphorylase kinase. It appears that activation or inhibition can be triggered by the antibody binding to conformational determinants of a single subunit type leading to a structural alteration of the holoenzyme. PMID- 3920049 TI - Is coenzyme M bound to factor F430 in methanogenic bacteria? Experiments with Methanobrevibacter ruminantium. AB - Coenzyme M (2-mercaptoethane sulfonic acid) and factor F430 (a nickel porphinoid) are coenzymes found in methanogenic bacteria. Recently it has been proposed that in these bacteria a coenzyme MF430 also exists which plays a key role in methane formation and in which coenzyme M and F430 are bound to each other. To test this hypothesis Methanobrevibacter ruminantium, which requires coenzyme M as a vitamin, was grown in the presence of [2-14C]CoMSH. F430 and 'CoM' (mixture of CoMSH and its disulfides) were quantitatively extracted from these cells and from partially purified methyl-CoM reductase using various methods. The extracts were chromatographed on cellulose or Sephadex G-10. Under all conditions factor F430 and 'CoM' were completely (greater than 99%) separated. There was no indication for the existence of a protein-free F430 species containing covalently bound coenzyme M in Mb. ruminantium. The results support the structure previously assigned to coenzyme F430. PMID- 3920050 TI - Actin III and myofilaments in different muscles of wildtype and the mutant raised of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - The mutation raised (rsd, 3-95.4) of Drosophila melanogaster causes flightlessness as a consequence of abnormalities in the fibrillar flight muscles (FFMs). In this muscle type actin III is neither synthesized nor accumulated while adult tubular muscles of rsd flies are indistinguishable from wildtype. This paper demonstrates ultrastructural defects in rds FFMs and extends the biochemical comparison of adult wildtype and rsd muscles to larval muscles and to embryo cells differentiating in culture. The FFMs of mature rsd flies contain thick filaments in irregular bundles, but no thin filaments. Normal Z-discs are virtually absent. Instead, a large number of Z-disc residues are present in stacks attached to short filaments on either side. In newly emerged rsd flies the disorganization is less pronounced. The adult tubular muscles and the supercontracting muscles of third-instar larvae of rsd can ultrastructurally not be distinguished from wildtype. The present biochemical results indicate that not only FFMs of mature and newly emerged adults are affected by the rsd genotype. Synthesis of actin III is not detectable in rsd FFMs which corresponds to the heavy structural defects. In addition to the lack of actin III synthesis in rsd FFMs, three unidentified proteins (52 kDa, 80 kDa, 90 kDa) which are specific for wildtype FFMs are also not synthesized in rsd flies. Among all other muscle types studied, all of which are morphologically unaffected, only adult tubular muscle of rsd genotype showed no biochemical effect. Larval supercontracting muscle as well as embryo cells differentiating in culture failed to synthesize actin III in the case of rsd cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3920051 TI - Transplantation of pancreatic microfragments in totally pancreatectomized pigs. AB - Total pancreatectomy was performed on 22 piglets. An intraportal transplantation of pancreatic microfragments was performed on 17 piglets, and 5 piglets were left as controls. After the transplantation, the mean intravenous glucose tolerance curve, K values, and the fasting plasma C-peptide values were normalized during the 1st month. Our results suggest that the method of transplantation of pancreatic microfragments is worth of further development to achieve a status independent of insulin in diabetics. PMID- 3920052 TI - Murine intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes II. Comparison of freshly isolated and cultured intraepithelial lymphocytes. AB - Highly enriched preparations of intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) containing a large subpopulation of granulated cells were isolated from the murine small intestinal mucosa. We cultured IEL in media containing interleukin 2 (growth media conditioned with 20% concanavalin A supernatant; Con A CM) or mast cell growth factor(s) (growth media conditioned with 40% WEHI-3 supernatant; WEHI CM) and compared the physical and functional properties of the cultured cells to freshly isolated IEL. IEL cultured in Con A CM developed enhanced cytotoxicity against YAC-1, compared to freshly isolated IEL, and spontaneous cytotoxicity for P815 targets. Most of these cultured cells were Thy-1+ Lyt-1- Lyt-2+, and contained cytoplasmic granules similar to those seen in electron photomicrographs of other cytotoxic cell populations. IEL cultured in WEHI CM gave rise to cells that morphologically resembled mast cells. Unlike freshly isolated IEL, the cells stained metachromatically, contained 200-450 ng of histamine/10(6) cells and expressed high-affinity receptors for IgE. Our data clearly show that, although IEL do not themselves have physical characteristics of mast cells, they do contain mast cell precursors. In addition, IEL grown in the presence of T cell growth factors give rise to an activated cytotoxic cell population which is mostly granulated and Thy-1+ Lyt-1- Lyt-2+. PMID- 3920053 TI - Tissue distribution and ontogenic appearance of a chicken T lymphocyte differentiation marker. AB - A monoclonal antibody, designated T10A6, was produced by immunizing mice with H.B14 chicken thymocytes. T10A6, when tested by immunofluorescence, labeled 80% of thymocytes, and a subset of peripheral T cells: 20% of spleen leukocytes, 10% of blood leukocytes, 8% of bone marrow cells but less than 1% of bursal lymphocytes. Tissue distribution on polyethylene glycol sections showed that in the thymus T10A6 stained most cortical thymocytes and a portion of medullary cells. In the spleen, the positive cells appeared scattered mainly in the T dependent areas. Ontogenic studies revealed that the antigen recognized was found in the chick embryo thymus from day 11 onward and the expression of this antigen on thymocytes reached the adult level from day 13. The first positive cells were detected in the spleen on day 13 of embryonic life. T10A6 (IgG1) precipitated a 65-kDa material from thymocytes. This is the first description of a monoclonal antibody recognizing a peripheral T cell subpopulation in chicken. PMID- 3920054 TI - Precipitated diazepam withdrawal elevates noradrenergic metabolism in primate brain. AB - Following treatment for seven days with diazepam (2.0 mg/kg i.m., b.i.d.), administration of the benzodiazepine receptor antagonist RO 15-1788 (5 mg/kg) induced a severe withdrawal syndrome in vervet monkeys which included tremors, vomiting, vocalizations, chewing, and piloerection. Brain concentrations of the noradrenergic metabolite 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) were significantly higher in the precipitated withdrawal group than in the diazepam plus vehicle control group. Administration of RO 15-1788 without prior diazepam treatment had no effect on brain MHPG, nor did it produce withdrawal behaviors, but did produce an increase in the frequency of scratching. These results raise the possibility that increased central noradrenergic activity serves a role in benzodiazepine withdrawal similar to the role hypothesized for noradrenergic activity in opiate withdrawal. PMID- 3920055 TI - Gastric hypersecretion by intracisternal TRH: dissociation from hypophysiotropic activity and role of central catecholamine. AB - Intracisternal injection of the TRH analogs, MK 771 (0.01-1 micrograms) or A 3475 [pGlu-His-(1,3'-dicarboxymethyl)-Pro-NH2] (0.1-1 micrograms), dose-dependently stimulated gastric acid secretion in pylorus-ligated rats although A 43475 was devoid of TSH-releasing activity by cultured anterior pituitary cells. Depletion of brain catecholamine by combined administration of the neurotoxic agent, 6 hydroxydopamine, and the catecholamine synthesis inhibitor, alpha-methyl ptyrosine, completely abolished intracisternal TRH-induced stimulation of gastric secretion. Blockade of dopamine receptors by intracisternal haloperidol, peripheral depletion of catecholamine by chronic treatment with guanethidine combined with acute adrenalectomy or cervical cord transection at C5 level, did not modify gastric response to TRH. These results suggested that the stimulation of gastric secretion by intracisternal TRH is unrelated to its hypophysiotropic activity and required the integrity of central but not peripheral catecholaminergic system. PMID- 3920056 TI - Desaggregation of PAF-acether-aggregated platelets by verapamil and TMB-8 with reversal of phosphorylation of 40K and 20K proteins. AB - Verapamil at a concentration of 10(-4) M inhibited aggregation and release of [3H]5HT induced by platelet activating factor (PAF-acether, PAF) in rabbit platelet-rich plasma and washed labelled platelets. When added to platelets previously aggregated by PAF-acether verapamil caused them to desaggregate at doses as low as 2 X 10(-6) M. The desaggregated platelets were refractory to further additions of similar doses of PAF-acether but could further be aggregated by A23187. Simultaneous to full aggregation PAF-acether caused phosphorylation of 40K and 20K proteins in particular. Addition of verapamil at the concentration of 2 X 10(-6) M to platelets already aggregated by PAF-acether resulted in dephosphorylation of 40K protein and reduction of phosphorylation of 20K protein to the level of control parallel to desaggregation. TMB-8 (10(-3) M) also caused desaggregation and reversal of phosphorylation of 40K and 20K proteins. When A23187 was added to verapamil desaggregated platelets, 40K and 20K proteins were rephosphorylated. The extracellular calcium antagonists EGTA or La3+, when added to PAF-acether aggregated platelets, did not abolish the phosphorylation of 40K and 20K proteins. The experiments suggest that inhibition of intracellular calcium-dependent reactions is involved in the desaggregatory action of verapamil. PMID- 3920057 TI - Modulation by hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs) of arachidonic acid metabolism in mouse resident peritoneal macrophages. AB - The effects of 5-, 5-lactone, 12- and 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs) on the synthesis of leukotriene C4 (LTC4), thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) by mouse resident peritoneal macrophages incubated with zymosan particles (100 micrograms/ml) were investigated. Zymosan phagocytosis stimulated a 110-, 16-, and 16-fold increase in LTC4, TXB2 and PGE2 synthesis, respectively. 15-HETE inhibited zymosan-induced LTC4 (IC50 = 1.1 microM) and TXB2 (IC50 = 38.9 microM) synthesis; in contrast, 15-HETE induced a consistent but variable enhancement of PGE2 synthesis. 5-HETE (IC50 = 15 microM), 5-lactone HETE (IC50 = 10.4 microM) and 12-HETE (IC50 = 13 microM) also inhibited LTC4 synthesis but they were approximately an order of magnitude less potent than 15-HETE. Furthermore, 5-HETE, 5-lactone HETE and 12-HETE inhibited TXB2 (IC50 = 20.4, 16.9 and 11.8 microM, respectively) and PGE2 (IC50 = 38.6, 2.3 and 11.6 microM, respectively) synthesis. Thus, monoHETEs exert modulatory actions on arachidonic acid metabolism and the different isomers of HETE differ quantitatively and qualitatively in their actions. PMID- 3920058 TI - Deprenyl selectively inhibits [3H]MPTP binding sites in monkey brain. PMID- 3920059 TI - The benzodiazepine antagonist, Ro 15-1788 does not decrease ethanol withdrawal convulsions in rats. AB - The effects of the benzodiazepine antagonist, Ro 15-1788 on ethanol withdrawal convulsions were investigated in rats. The study originated from recent reports of benzodiazepine binding activity in urine of alcoholics during withdrawal. No alleviation of convulsions was found with Ro 15-1788. This suggested that this component of the withdrawal syndrome is not due to endogenous production of a benzodiazepine inverse agonist (contragonist), as Ro 15-1788 prevents the action of this type of compound. PMID- 3920060 TI - The effects of surgical and chemical lesions on striatal [3H]threo-(+/-) methylphenidate binding: correlation with [3H]dopamine uptake. AB - The specific binding of [3H]threo-(+/-)-methylphenidate to membranes prepared from rat striatum was significantly reduced following either surgical lesions of the medial forebrain bundle or intracerebroventricular administration of 6 hydroxydopamine. The decrease in the density of [3H]threo-(+/-)-methylphenidate binding sites in striatum following chemical or surgical denervation was highly correlated with the decrease in [3H]dopamine uptake. In contrast, intracerebroventricular administration of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine, AF64A, or chronic parenteral administration of reserpine did not alter either the number of apparent affinity of [3H]threo-(+/-)-methylphenidate binding sites. These data suggest that the specific binding sites for [3H]-threo-(+/-)-methylphenidate in striatum are localized to dopaminergic nerve terminals, and may be associated with the dopamine transport complex. PMID- 3920061 TI - Anchorage-independent growth of murine melanoma in serum-less media is dependent on insulin or melanocyte-stimulating hormone. AB - alpha-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) is known to stimulate melanogenesis in murine melanoma, particularly in Cloudman S-91 melanoma cells. The effects of MSH and insulin on the proliferation of S91 murine melanoma cells have aroused controversy; in various reports, both hormones have been reported to either stimulate or inhibit murine melanoma growth. In our studies both MSH and insulin stimulated the colony-forming ability and the proliferative capacity of S-91 murine melanoma cells grown in soft agar with either serum-supplemented or serum less medium. Unless insulin and/or MSH were present, Cloudman S-91 melanoma cells failed to clone in soft agar. The insulin effect was greater than that of MSH, and was more pronounced in serum-less than in serum-supplemented medium. The concurrent treatment of S91 melanoma cells with both MSH and insulin resulted in a greater increase in the total number of colonies formed than caused by treatment with either hormone alone. The combined MSH-insulin stimulation of anchorage-independent growth was specific, since the effect could not be mimicked by epidermal growth factor (EGF), gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GRH), luteinizing hormone (LH), nerve growth factor (NGF) or platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). Therefore, MSH and insulin may be specific growth factors for murine melanoma cells. PMID- 3920062 TI - Cell surface glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) of cultured chick fibroblasts. Modifications in relation to the stage of embryo development. AB - We have investigated the changes in glycosaminoglycan (GAG) composition between cultured fibroblasts derived from 8- and 16-day chick embryos. GAG composition has been studied after [3H]glucosamine and [35S]sulfate labeling. Both the 8- and 16-day embryo fibroblasts were found to contain hyaluronic acid (HA), dermatan sulfate (DS), heparan sulfate (HS) and chondroitin sulfates (CS), the latter being the major component in 8- and 16-day cells. These four GAGs were quantified after their separation using cellulose acetate electrophoresis. The amounts of HA and CS were respectively shown to increase 2-fold and 4-fold between the 8th and 16th day of development, whereas the amounts of HS and DS resp. diminished 2.5 fold and 1.2-fold. These results show that the relative proportions of the different GAGs alter during embryo development. The fibroblasts from 8-day-old embryos detached more rapidly from the culture dishes than the cells from 16-day old embryos when treated with trypsin. However, this difference was not directly related to the different GAG content. PMID- 3920063 TI - Acid phosphatase II. Cytochemical localization in lenses of normal and galactose fed rats. AB - Previous cytochemical and biochemical studies have shown an increase in the activity of acid phosphatase and arylsulfatase during the induction of galactose cataracts in rat lenses. It was postulated that these enzymes may be involved in lens fiber degradation observed during cataractogenesis, however, the role of these enzymes in the repair process was not ruled out. The present investigation has evaluated the level of acid phosphatase activity in lenses in which the induction of opacity is inhibited with the aldose reductase inhibitor sorbinil and during the recovery of galactose induced opacity. Sprague-Dawley rats received 50% galactose diet, or galactose diet with sorbinil, or laboratory chow diet. Following 20 days on this diet all rats received lab chow plus 50 mg kg-1 sorbinil (recovery diet). The lenses were removed at desired intervals following the initiation of the above three diets and following the transfer of animals to the recovery diet. Cytochemical localization and biochemical quantitation of acid phosphatase activity were performed with methods previously reported. Most of the enzyme activity was localized within the epithelial cells and superficial cortical fibers. In the epithelial cell layer, the enzyme activity was primarily localized in lysosomes and at extracellular sites near the epithelial cell membrane which abut each other and cortical fibers. In cortical fibers the enzyme activity was observed at various extracellular sites between the cell membranes of neighboring fibers. The effect of sorbinil, if any, and the possible role of acid hydrolases in the repair process during cataract reversal is discussed. PMID- 3920065 TI - In vitro reassociation of EDTA-extractable proteins with calf lens fiber membranes. AB - Nature and site of membrane binding of the EDTA-extractable proteins (EEP) from calf lens fiber membranes have been studied. Reassociation of EEP to EEP-free lens fiber membranes only occurs by means of calcium, not by magnesium ions. This EEP-membrane binding is not hindered by the cytoskeleton. The proportional distribution of the EEP protein components is not altered by reattachment of EEP to the membrane. Calcium appears to be a limiting factor in the reassociation of EEP with the membrane. The total amount of reassociated EEP increases with increasing calcium concentration and may largely exceed the quantity of naturally occurring EEP in lens fiber membranes. In addition, the latter EEP-containing membranes are able to bind an additional amount of EEP in the presence of calcium. These results indicate that most of the EEP-binding sites in lens fiber membranes are not occupied by EEP. Trypsin- or Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease treated fiber membranes retain the capacity to bind EEP in the presence of calcium. This result indicates that the small polypeptide fragment of the main intrinsic protein (MIP), which is accessible to proteolytic attack, very likely is not the membrane attachment point for EEP. It is suggested that phospholipids rather than membrane proteins are involved in the calcium-dependent binding of EEP to calf lens fiber membranes. PMID- 3920064 TI - The penetration of Sorbinil, an aldose reductase inhibitor, into lens, aqueous humour and erythrocytes of patients undergoing cataract extraction. AB - Two studies to investigate the penetration of the aldose reductase inhibitor, Sorbinil, were conducted. In the first study, 24 diabetic patients undergoing intracapsular extraction were randomised into three groups on a double masked basis. In the week immediately preceding the operation, all patients were requested to take two capsules daily before breakfast. Each capsule contained 200 mg Sorbinil, 100 mg Sorbinil, or a placebo. On measuring Sorbinil levels in lens, plasma and erythrocytes using HPLC, three clearly defined groups of patients were obtained. In one group no Sorbinil was detected, in the second group there were moderate levels of Sorbinil, while the third group had significantly higher levels of Sorbinil. The ratio of erythrocyte/plasma Sorbinil was 0.225, while the ratio for lens/plasma was 0.7, for both groups where Sorbinil was detected. In a second study, 20 patients were treated topically with a single dose of 0.5 mg ophthalmic Sorbinil at times ranging from 0-14 hr preoperatively. Sorbinil was detected in both lens and aqueous. Transport into the lens was complete within about 2 hr, and although aqueous levels were negligible after 6 hr, Sorbinil persisted up to 14 hr in the lens. Three out of 16 patients taking Sorbinil orally developed a maculopapular rash with pyrexia approximately 8 days after commencing the drug. No side effects were noted in any patients given the topical ophthalmic preparation. PMID- 3920066 TI - Inhibition of exercise-induced asthma by three forms of sodium cromoglycate. AB - Fifteen asthmatic children were tested in a double-blind fashion. The degree of prevention of exercise-induced asthma by three pharmacological forms of sodium cromoglycate (SCG with lactose powder, SCG in micropellets without lactose and SCG solution) was evaluated. FEV1 and FEF 25-75 were measured. Inhibition of the airway response to exercise was achieved by SCG without any statistical differences between the three active forms. Our data suggest that the new pelletised form of SCG without lactose is as active as the other preparations of the drug. The easy mode of administration allows a high compliance of the young asthmatic patients to chronic therapy. PMID- 3920067 TI - Inflammatory responses to Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus in the murine lung. AB - The changes in pulmonary cell population in response to aerosols containing either Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Staphylococcus aureus were studied in a murine model. The lungs of inbred DBA/2J mice received an inoculum of 2 X 10(5) colony forming units of the microorganism and lung lavages were performed at various time intervals thereafter. P. aeruginosa aerosols produced an immediate decrease in the number of resident alveolar macrophages (AM), followed by a two-waved recruitment of cells into the respiratory tract; the first wave was composed of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) and the second of monocyte-like peroxidase positive AM. The change in cell populations was transient and returned to baseline values within a week after aerosolization. In contrast, aerosolized S. aureus initially induced a slight increase in mononuclear cells, and by 60 min after aerosol exposure, the cell population was not different from that of control animals. PMID- 3920068 TI - Efficacy of three mycobacterial antigens in the serodiagnosis of tuberculosis. AB - Three different antigens were tested for detection of mycobacterial antibodies. The 3 antigens were mycobacterial saline extract (MSE), mycobacterial sonicate (MSO) and PPD. For detection, both the soluble antigen fluorescent antibody (SAFA) and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests were used. We used 88 serum samples (50 from clinically, radiologically and/or bacteriologically proven cases of tuberculosis, 8 from proven cases of leprosy and 30 from healthy controls). With MSE antigen, both the tests were found to be highly sensitive and specific. MSO antigen was found to give better results in ELISA than in SAFA. The sensitivity and specificity of ELISA as well as SAFA test was reduced when PPD was used as an antigen. However, both ELISA and SAFA tests revealed that the mean antibody level in the patients with active tuberculosis was significantly higher than that in the healthy controls, irrespective of the antigen used. PMID- 3920069 TI - Task-related coding of stimulus and response in cat motor cortex. AB - In a previous study in the cat, we have reported that motor cortex neurons discharging before the initiation of an aimed forearm response (lead cells) are better timed to movement of a display (stimulus) than to the response. The present study was done to distinguish the coding of stimulus and response features in the discharge patterns of such early activity in motor cortex. Single neurons were recorded in the arm area of motor cortex in three cats performing the same pair of responses (forearm flexion and extension) but to display movements in either of the two directions by changing display polarity. The modulation of lead cell activity was contingent on the occurrence of the learned motor response and timed to the stimulus in all conditions. The majority of lead cells (88%, n = 50) fell into one of two distinct classes. In one class of neurons, force-direction (56%, n = 32), activity was contingent on a single direction of forelimb response (flexion or extension) and was thus independent of the direction of the display stimulus. The only muscles whose patterns matched the activity of this class of response-related neurons were forelimb flexors and extensors. In these neurons, the onset of modulation was timed to one or the other of the two stimuli according to the stimulus direction which elicited the appropriate response. Thus, the display-related input to these neurons varied according to the response required. In the second class of neurons, stimulus direction (32%, n = 18), modulation was associated with a specific stimulus direction rather than the response direction. The pattern of activity of these neurons was similar to the pattern of EMG signals of shoulder and neck muscles during the different task conditions. The contraction of proximal and axial muscles corresponded to a second response elicited by the stimulus, namely attempts at head rotation towards the moving display and was independent of the conditioned forelimb response in both time of onset and direction. To test the possibility that stimulus-direction neurons participated in the control of head rotation we trained two of the animals to also produce isometric changes in neck torque in the direction of the moving display without making the forelimb response. The activity of stimulus-direction neurons was similarly modulated during performance of the neck task. By contrast, force-direction neurons examined during the neck task were either unmodulated or discharged after the neck response.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3920070 TI - An ultrastructural study of the acute effects of 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide on the hamster lung. AB - The alterations, visible by light and electron microscopy, in the distal airway cells of Syrian golden hamsters were analyzed at several time intervals, from 6 hr to 4 weeks, after a single subcutaneous injection (120 mg/kg body wt) of 4 nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO), a potent carcinogen. 4NQO induced injurious effects selectively on the bronchiolo-alveolar region, and morphological changes were recognizable within 12 hr after the injection. Both ciliated and nonciliated (Clara) cells of the bronchiole revealed degeneration, especially marked proliferation and dilation of smooth endoplasmic reticulum of the latter cell. Alveolar epithelial and endothelial cells were damaged, showing diffuse exudative inflammation. These regressive changes were most prominent on the third day of the experiment. After the fourth day, large cuboidal cells with scanty organelles in their abundant cytoplasm proliferated along the alveolar surfaces in the process of repairing the damaged lung tissue, and then tubular structures in the alveoli were formed. Mitotic activity appeared in the epithelium around the bronchiolo-alveolar junctional area, and immature cells with a few organelles were formed. After 2 weeks, the inflammatory changes and cell renewal in the alveoli disappeared, and bronchiolization was established as a result of atypical maturation of the respiratory cells just around the bronchiolo-alveolar junctional area. PMID- 3920071 TI - Gold in the ovary of rats exposed to sodium aurothiomalate. AB - The ultrastructural localization of gold in the ovary of rats injected intraperitoneally with sodium aurothiomalate has been demonstrated using a histochemical technique that visualizes minute traces of gold. Gold was visualized in the oocyte within the cortical granules and in lysosomes of theca interna cells and interstitial cells. PMID- 3920073 TI - The tryptic and chymotryptic fragments of the beta-subunit of guanine nucleotide binding proteins in brain are identical to those of retinal transducin. AB - The 35-kDa beta-subunit of transducin purified from rod outer segment membranes is cleaved into 2 major fragments by trypsin, and 7 major fragments by chymotrypsin. Identical fragments are visualized by immunoblotting with transducin-beta specific antisera after proteolysis of rod outer segment membranes, purified brain guanine nucleotide binding proteins, and brain membranes. The results indicate that the beta-subunits of transducin and of brain guanine nucleotide binding proteins are not only similar structurally, but are also similarly oriented in membranes with respect to accessibility to proteolytic enzymes. PMID- 3920072 TI - [Development of progeny after antenatal exposure to lithium oxybutyrate]. AB - Experiments on rats were made to study the effect of lithium hydroxybutyrate and to compare it with lithium carbonate effect on the development of the progeny after antenatal exposure to the drugs. It was established that the lithium salts under study did not produce any conclusive effect on the postnatal development of young rats. The activating component was discovered to be predominant in the action of lithium hydroxybutyrate, whereas the action of lithium carbonate was marked by the inhibitory component. As regards the effect on the development of the progeny, lithium hydroxybutyrate was less hazardous than lithium carbonate. PMID- 3920074 TI - Inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate microinjection triggers activation, but not meiotic maturation in amphibian and starfish oocytes. AB - Inositol 3,4,5-triphosphate (InsP3) brought about cortical granule exocytosis and elevation of a fertilization membrane, due to a rapid increase of free calcium in cytoplasm, when injected into oocytes of the amphibian Xenopus laevis arrested at second meiotic metaphase. The same result was observed when injection was performed into oocytes of the starfish Marthasterias glacialis arrested either at the first meiotic prophase or after completion of meiosis. Although meiotic maturation was induced in both animals by specific hormones which have been previously shown to release Ca2+ within cytoplasm, InsP3 microinjection into prophase-arrested oocytes did not release them from prophase block. PMID- 3920075 TI - The complete amino acid sequence of the major mammalian neurofilament protein (NF L). AB - The first complete amino acid sequence of a neurofilament protein has been established. Porcine NF-L contains 548 residues corresponding to a molecular mass of approximately 62 kDa. This value is noticeably smaller than the 68-72 kDa estimates from gel electrophoresis. Sequence comparison among the 6 non epithelial intermediate filament (IF) proteins of warm-blooded vertebrates shows that the three NF proteins are the most remote members. Additionally and unexpectedly they reveal among each other lower sequence identity than the three non-neuronal IF proteins GFAP, desmin, and vimentin where the last two are particularly closely related. Certain schemes of IF protein evolution are discussed. PMID- 3920076 TI - The amino acid sequence of the enterotoxin from Clostridium perfringens type A. AB - The amino acid sequence of the enterotoxin from Clostridium perfringens type A was determined by analysis of peptides derived from the protein by digestion with trypsin chymotrypsin, thermolysin, pepsin, a lysine-specific protease. S. aureus V8 protease and a proline-specific protease, and fragments generated by cleavage with cyanogen bromide or by dilute acetic acid in 7 M guanidine HCl. The sequence which is complete except for the definite order of 3 small peptides between residues 88 and 103 consists of 309 amino acids and contains a correction to our preliminary announcement [(1984) FEMS Symp. 24, 329-330]. PMID- 3920077 TI - Periplasmic location of p-cresol methylhydroxylase in Pseudomonas putida. AB - The cellular location of the flavocytochrome c, p-cresol methylhydroxylase was investigated in two strains of Pseudomonas putida. In both cases the enzymes were shown to be located in the periplasmic fraction by their release during treatment of the bacteria with EDTA and lysozyme in a solution containing a high concentration of sucrose. For strain NCIB 9869 the finding is in accord with the suggestion that the physiological acceptor for the enzyme is azurin as this too was shown to be located mostly in the periplasm. PMID- 3920078 TI - High-affinity association and degradation of 125I-labelled low density lipoproteins by human hepatocytes in primary culture. AB - Catabolism of homologous low density lipoproteins (LDL) was studied in primary culture of human hepatocytes (HH). The cell association and degradation of 125I labeled LDL (125I-LDL) were curvilinear functions of substrate concentration. Cell association and degradation of 125I-LDL were inhibited by excess unlabeled LDL. Reductive methylation of unlabeled LDL abolished its ability to complete with 125I-LDL for cell association and degradation. Preincubation of HH with unlabeled LDL caused a 63% inhibition of the 125I-LDL degradation. It is concluded that the catabolism of LDL by HH proceeds in part through a receptor mediated pathway similar to that demonstrated on extrahepatic cells. PMID- 3920079 TI - Differential effect of dichloroacetate on branched-chain amino acid catabolism in perfused rat hindlimbs. AB - The effect of 1 mM and 5 mM dichloroacetate on the catabolism of branched-chain amino acids in isolated rat hindlimbs was investigated in perfusions with 0.5 mM 1-14C-labeled L-leucine or L-valine. The results demonstrate an increasing effect of dichloroacetate on the flux through skeletal muscle branched-chain 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase. A minor effect was observed with the high dichloroacetate concentration. Evidence is presented that this was essentially due to diminished pyruvate supply. PMID- 3920080 TI - Congenital jaundice in rats due to the absence of hepatic bilirubin UDP glucuronyltransferase enzyme protein. AB - Three major UDP-glucuronyltransferase isoenzymes (50-54 kDa) have been identified by immunoblot analysis. Bilirubin UDP-glucuronyltransferase (54 kDa) was specially induced by treatment of the rats with clofibrate. This isoenzyme was not detectable in liver microsomal extracts from congenitally jaundiced Gunn rats and was not induced by treatment of these animals with clofibrate. Phenol UDP glucuronyltransferase, the only isoenzyme determined to be present in foetal Wistar rat liver microsomes was not detected by enzyme assay or immunoblot analysis of foetal Gunn rat liver microsomal extracts. These results provide the first indication that bilirubin UDP-glucuronyltransferase and possible phenol UDP glucuronyltransferase proteins are not present in the congenitally jaundiced Gunn rat. PMID- 3920081 TI - Ion transport in rat liver mitochondria: the effect of the incubation medium osmolarity. AB - A decrease in the incubation medium osmolarity from 320 to 120 mosM reverses the pH dependence of K+ efflux from rat liver mitochondria. The K+ efflux is no longer inhibited by oligomycin and a free radical scavenger butylhydroxytoluene. At 320 mosM, the addition of carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) accelerates the K+ efflux, while EGTA inhibits it. At 120 mosM these CCCP and EGTA effects are reversed. In either case the K+ efflux is inhibited by Mg2+. The decrease in osmolarity changes the ruthenium red-insensitive Ca2+ efflux in the same manner. It has thus been shown that the modification of the mitochondrial structure by changing the incubation medium osmolarity results in a qualitative alteration of the systems regulating the K+ and Ca2+ effluxes. PMID- 3920082 TI - Adenosine 5'-triphosphate stimulates the release of polypeptides from mitochondria. AB - There was release of polypeptides to the medium when mitochondria containing labeled proteins were incubated with a rat liver post-mitochondrial supernatant. The release of polypeptides increased with the amount of rat liver extract added. Addition of cycloheximide did not inhibit the effect. Heating the post mitochondrial supernatant did not inhibit the release of mitochondrial proteins, indicating that it was due to a heat-stable factor. The factor responsible has been isolated and identified as ATP. The presence of EDTA inhibits the release of polypeptides caused by ATP and Mg2+ stimulates it. The possible role of ATP in the turnover of mitochondrial proteins is briefly discussed. PMID- 3920083 TI - Pulmonary control systems in exercise: update. AB - We examined recent ideas and findings concerned with the regulation of ventilation and gas transport in moderate and heavy exercise. The primary mediation of exercise hyperpnea remains unknown and highly controversial, but two unique approaches to the problem have advanced our understanding of this neurohumoral regulatory scheme. On the one hand, experimental separation of the pulmonary and systemic circulations was used to reveal a vagally mediated ventilatory response that is clearly attributable to CO2 flow to the lung. This mechanism seems to be most effective as a homeostatic regulator of ventilatory control near resting levels of metabolic rate. On the other hand, a descending neurogenic drive to hyperpnea from the locomotor regions of the central nervous system was also demonstrated experimentally. The importance of regulatory feedback by conventional chemoreceptors in determining the precision of the hyperpneic response was emphasized in explaining the wide spectrum of arterial acid-base regulation during exercise in humans and non-human species. Two commonly accepted homeostatic regulators believed to be operative during heavy exercise were questioned, i.e., the compensatory hyperventilatory response and the maintenance of arterial oxygenation. For example, the hyperventilatory response was shown not to require metabolic acidosis; hyperventilation was not always observed at high work rates despite an abundance of chemical stimuli; and arterial hypoxemia occurred at very high metabolic rates in a significant number of highly fit athletes. These data implied that the capabilities of some aspects of even the healthy pulmonary system may be approached-or even exceeded-during heavy exercise. PMID- 3920084 TI - Control of adaptations in protein levels in response to exercise. AB - The nature of the contractile stimuli to which a skeletal muscle is subjected determines which proteins will increase in skeletal muscle. Rates of muscle protein synthesis decrease during an exercise bout for durations of less than 30 min. Synthesis has been reported to increase, remain unchanged, or decrease during exercise bouts lasting from 30 min to 7 h. Protein synthesis rates apparently increase when exercise exceeds 7 h. After short bouts of exercise, protein synthesis rates in muscles appear to decrease in the first hour after exercise, but in the second hour after exercise increase to levels greater than normal. We hypothesize that decreases in ATP and pH levels in muscle during contractile activity may dampen a calcium-mediated stimulation of translation of RNA. That the content of alpha-actin mRNA in muscles of immobilized limbs is unchanged when actin synthesis initially decreases suggests that a decrease in the translation of alpha-actin mRNA is the facilitating step in the decrease in actin synthesis. Rates of muscle protein degradation decrease during exercise if exercise duration is less than 12 h, but increase when exercise is continuous for a day. After intense exercise, rates of protein degradation in skeletal muscle may be increased. An increased ratio of NAD(P)H:NAD(P) in muscle during short term exercise may decrease degradation. Increased lysosomal enzyme activity in muscle occurs during the postexercise period. PMID- 3920085 TI - Carnitine and ketones in the perinatal period. PMID- 3920086 TI - Outcome of successive cycles of ovulation induction in the same individual. AB - Because of the failure to conceive after the first cycle of in vitro fertilization (IVF), many couples often undergo repeated attempts. However, choosing the best stimulation protocol in successive cycles of IVF in the same individual is hindered by the lack of information regarding outcome in successive cycles following utilization of the same or different stimulation protocols. Examination of repeated cycles of the same stimulation protocol in 33 women demonstrated that comparing women with an initial "A" estradiol (E2) pattern (daily E2 levels that continued to rise throughout the stimulation) and those with non-A E2 patterns (failure to have continually rising E2 levels throughout the stimulation), the former were significantly less likely to have a subsequent passed cycle (P = 0.007) and tended to be more likely to have a subsequent A cycle (P = 0.079). Changing the stimulation protocol resulted in a different E2 pattern in 15 of 20 subsequent cycles. Thus, it is suggested that after a cycle with an acceptable E2 pattern, successive cycles be performed with the same stimulation protocol. However, after an initial unacceptable E2 pattern, it may be more efficacious to utilize an alternate stimulation protocol. PMID- 3920087 TI - The significance of the ratio in follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone in induction of multiple follicular growth. AB - Among the patients enrolled in the Norfolk In Vitro Fertilization Program there were 32 who had been stimulated according to the basic stimulation protocol using two ampules of human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) daily. Because of their inadequate response, 23 of these 32 patients were stimulated subsequently with a combination of two ampules of "pure" follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and two ampules of hMG on cycle days 3 and 4. The remaining nine patients received four ampules of "pure" FSH only on cycle days 3 and 4. Stimulation was continued with hMG in both FSH regimens. Ten thousand units of human chorionic gonadotropin was used for final maturation. Parallel with the increase in the ratio of exogenous FSH to luteinizing hormone, an increase in oocyte recovery was observed, as well as an improvement in transfer and pregnancy rates. It was concluded that FSH enrichment had a beneficial effect in these patients. PMID- 3920088 TI - A comprehensive dose-response study of clomiphene citrate for enhancement of the primate ovarian/menstrual cycle. AB - Despite the increasing use of clomiphene citrate (CC) in normally cycling women undergoing in vitro fertilization, comprehensive data on the dose-response effects of the drug are unavailable. Twenty-four adult, normally cycling monkeys were given CC on cycle days 5 through 9 in doses ranging from 1 mg/kg to 10 mg/kg. Serum estradiol (E2), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and progesterone were measured daily. CC stimulated an early, attenuated rise in serum LH which correlated with subsequent follicle development. Concurrently, serum E2 rose to preovulatory levels. No significant increase in serum FSH concentration was seen as a result of CC therapy. No correlation was seen between CC dose and peak levels of E2, LH, or FSH. The ovulatory status of the treatment cycles was also independent of dose. The factors that modulate these hormonal changes may involve direct effects of CC, estrogen feedback, and/or ovarian factors as yet uncharacterized. The individual variation of ovarian response, however, appears to be independent of the dose of CC. PMID- 3920089 TI - [A new transport and concentrating procedure for the detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae]. PMID- 3920090 TI - Results of HMG (Humegon)-HCG therapy in 6096 treatment cycles of 2166 Japanese women with anovulatory infertility. AB - The effects of HMG (Humegon)-HCG therapy in 6096 cycles in 2166 Japanese women with anovulatory infertility were examined. The rates of ovulation, pregnancy, the ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, multiple pregnancy, abortion, and malformations in the newborn were recorded, and the possible factors of multiple pregnancies were analyzed. Ovulation occurred in 73.2% of the cases and 64.5% of the treatment cycles. Pregnancy occurred in 23.0% of the cases and 8.6% of the cycles. Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome with grade I of WHO definition or more was observed in 10.3% of the cases and 5.3% of the cycles. The incidence of the ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome was high in amenorrheic patients, who respond to progestin with bleeding. The multiple pregnancy rate was 20.5%, of which 13.0% was twins and 7.5% triplets or more. The abortion rate was 22.0%, and the abortion rate in multiple pregnancy was significantly higher (P less than 0.05) than that in singleton pregnancy. The external malformation rate was 1.68% in the 594 newborn who could be examined. No significant differences were found in maternal factors, the treatment schedule, or the ovarian response to treatment in singleton and multiple pregnancy groups. This survey revealed that the efficacy and the incidence of adverse effects of Humegon-HCG therapy in a large number of Japanese women were not different from those in Caucasians except for a lower rate of multiple pregnancy, and no special causative factors for multiple pregnancy were found. PMID- 3920091 TI - Endocrinological evaluation in a case of XX male syndrome. AB - A case of a phenotype male with 44 XX karyotype is presented. Clinical, endocrinological and anatomical findings are recorded. Serum level of FSH was elevated, LH level was normal and testosterone level was low. A subnormal response by testicular Leydig cells to hCG was observed. A dexamethasone suppression test and an ACTH test were normal. A B scan ultrasonographic examination did not show female internal genitalia, nor a hyperplasia of adrenal tissue. A review is made of the literature with theories of etiology. PMID- 3920092 TI - The impact of family planning programs on fertility. PMID- 3920093 TI - Efficacy of iron therapy: a comparative evaluation of four iron preparations administered to anaemic pregnant women. AB - The authors conducted a clinical investigation on sixty-nine pregnant women, anaemic and non-anaemic, the purpose being to assess the effect of 50 days treatment with four different medicinal iron preparations, namely, ferrous sulphate, iron chondroitinsulfuric acid complex, and ferritin alone or associated with folinic acid and cobamamide, on various haematological parameters (Hb, RCC, Ht, CV, Iron, and Transferrin IBC). The four products demonstrated a similar efficacy in maintaining anaemic conditions under control; moreover, the results confirmed our hypothesis of the absorption of iron ferritin. While three products were well tolerated, ferrous sulphate induced, in some cases, side-effects. PMID- 3920094 TI - The ontogeny of hypothalamic pituitary function in the pig. I. Pituitary LH and FSH in the fetus and neonate. AB - Pituitaries were collected from fetal and postnatal pigs from day 55 p.c. until 6 weeks after birth at closely spaced intervals. LH and FSH in individual pituitaries were quantified by both homologous RIA and homologous RRA. No significant difference was found between results obtained by RIA and RRA. Both LH and FSH are first detected by RIA and RRA in the porcine fetal pituitary at 75 days p.c. Thereafter both LH and FSH pituitary content rises until term. LH pituitary concentration in both male and female fetuses and FSH pituitary concentration in males exhibit a peak just before birth. FSH pituitary concentration in females rises until birth and thereafter remains elevated. A statistically significant sex difference was found postnatally with regard to FSH content and concentration but not for LH. PMID- 3920095 TI - Comparison between rat prolactin radioimmunoassay and bioassay values under different experimental and physiological conditions. AB - Serum rat PRL concentrations were compared using values determined by RIA and the Nb2 lymphoma cell bioassay (Nb2BA). Rat serum samples were obtained under different physiological conditions and after the administration of pharmacological agents known to affect PRL secretion. Of the treatments examined, estrogen, morphine bromocriptine and haloperidol significantly altered the relationship between Nb2BA and RIA estimates of PRL. The estrogen-induced increase in PRL levels of ovariectomized females and the proestrus surge of PRL in intact females led to higher bioassay than RIA estimates of PRL. Treatment with haloperidol, bromocriptine and morphine altered the relationship, favoring immunoreactive more than bioactive hormone, and reversing the pretreatment Nb2BA/RIA ratio. No discrepancies between estimates of PRL by the two assays were noted in untreated males, diestrous, estrous and ovariectomized females, or following ether or TRH administration. These results confirm previous observations of discrepancies between rat serum bioassay and RIA estimates, and the data suggest that different forms of prolactin are present in the circulation at different times. PMID- 3920096 TI - Effect of ethanol on the peptic degradation of gastric mucus glycoprotein. AB - The effect of ethanol on the proteolytic activity of pepsin towards gastric mucus glycoprotein was investigated. Undegraded mucus glycoprotein isolated from pig stomach was incubated with pepsin in the presence and absence of ethanol, and the released alpha-amino residues were quantitated by the trinitrophenylation procedure. In the absence of ethanol the rate of proteolysis was proportional to mucus glycoprotein concentration up to 450 micrograms and remained constant with time of incubation for at least 30 min. The apparent Km value of pepsin for pig gastric mucus glycoprotein was 8.7 X 10(-7)M. The proteolytic activity of pepsin towards mucus glycoprotein was inhibited by ethanol. The rate of inhibition was proportional to the ethanol concentration up to 0.8 M and was of competitive type. The apparent K1 value calculated from the double-reciprocal plots for ethanol was 2.2 X 10(-6)M. The inhibitory effect of ethanol on the proteolysis of gastric mucus glycoprotein may be of physiological significance. PMID- 3920097 TI - Altered hypothalamic-pituitary function in the adult female rat with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. AB - Infertility associated with anovulation and loss of regular oestrous cyclicity is a consequence of diabetes mellitus in the rat. In an attempt to define loci of altered function, studies were undertaken to examine various aspects of hypothalamic-pituitary function in rats treated with streptozotocin. Medial basal hypothalamic fragments from adult female diabetic rats contained the same amount of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone but, with depolarization, released slightly but insignificantly (p greater than 0.05) more than did those from control animals. Furthermore, release of luteinizing hormone from pituitaries exposed to hypothalamic gonadotrophin-releasing hormone was not altered by diabetes. Removal of the negative feedback effect of gonadal steroids upon the hypothalamic pituitary axis produced an increase in luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone concentrations in the serum of normal rats within 6h (p less than 0.05), whereas 24h were required for similar increases in diabetic rats. However, the same concentrations of gonadotrophins were found in diabetic and control animals 120 h after ovariectomy. The inhibitory action of oestradiol benzoate on the secretion of gonadotrophins was more pronounced in ovariectomized diabetic than in control rats. A 74% depression in serum luteinizing hormone (p less than 0.01) was produced by 0.5 microgram oestradiol benzoate per day in diabetic rats, while 5 micrograms was required in control animals. Similar reductions in follicle stimulating hormone concentrations (50%, p less than 0.05) were obtained by injecting 5 micrograms of the oestrogen into diabetic or 50 micrograms into control rats. Increases in serum prolactin were greater in the control animals however.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3920098 TI - Glycosylation of human fibrinogen in vivo. AB - Fibrinogen was purified from plasma from 22 non-diabetic and 26 poorly controlled Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic subjects. In non-diabetic subjects, 0.95 +/- 0.17 mol glucose was bound per mol fibrinogen, whereas in the diabetic subjects 1.33 +/- 0.21 mol glucose was bound per mol fibrinogen (mean +/- SD, p less than 0.001). Comparison of the amount of bound glucose, when estimated by two different methods, suggested that lysine is the site of glycosylation. It is currently unknown whether this increased glycosylation of fibrinogen alters its function. PMID- 3920099 TI - Fecal bile acid profiles of Japanese patients with adenomatous polyps of the large bowel: special reference to distribution, multiplicity, size and degree of dysplasia of the polyps. AB - Bile acids have been implicated in carcinogenesis of the large bowel, and since epidemiological, clinical and histopathological studies suggest a link between adenomatous polyps and cancer of the large bowel, fecal bile acid profiles were studied in 33 patients with adenomatous polyps of the large bowel and these data were analyzed with particular reference to the distribution, multiplicity, size and degree of dysplasia of the polyps. The more polyps and the greater the severity of dysplasia, the higher was the excretion of total bile acids (mean mumol/day: single vs multiple polyps, 344.8 vs 369.1; mild vs moderate vs severe dysplasia, 347.5 vs 370.0 vs 399.3). However, in patients with larger polyps, total fecal bile acid excretion tended to be lower (mean mumol/day: large vs small polyps, 267.7 vs 389.5). These differences were not statistically significant. When fecal bile acid profiles were analyzed with respect to the extent of bacterial metabolism determined from the degree of dehydroxylation and oxidoreduction, there was a large variation with no consistency in relation to the factors studied among the polyp patients. Deconjugation of bile acids in feces was almost complete without difference among the patients. These results seem to indicate that the significance of bile acid in the development of adenomatous polyps in Japanese subjects is likely to be small. PMID- 3920100 TI - Family history of cancer among cancer patients. AB - Family history of cancer was examined for 9,131 cancer patients who were reported to the Aichi Cancer Registry in 1979-1981, and were over 20 years old at diagnosis. The rate of patients whose parents and/or siblings had cancer of any site was 24.5%. The rate was 9.2% for father, 8.4% for mother, 6.0% for brother(s), and 5.2% for sister(s). A significant site concordance between study patient and family member with cancer was observed for cancer of the breast, colon and rectum, and stomach. The rate of family history of breast cancer patients was 3.3 times higher than the corresponding rate for other cancer patients (3.1% vs 0.9%). Similarly, the ratio was 2.2 in colon and rectum cancer (4.2% vs 1.9%), and 1.6 in stomach cancer (16.5% vs 10.1%). An increased risk of cancer was observed when both brother and sister had cancer. This may suggest an important role of environmental exposure at an early age, as well as genetic factors, in the development of cancer. The age distribution curve of the colon and rectum cancer patients who had a family history of the same cancer was found to be bimodal with the larger peak in the 40s and the smaller peak in the 70s. This may suggest a differential contribution of genetic and environmental factors to the development of colon and rectum cancer. PMID- 3920101 TI - Suppression of human melanoma growth in nude mice injected with anti high molecular-weight melanoma-associated antigen monoclonal antibody 225.28S conjugated to purothionin. AB - The cytotoxic agent purothionin purified from barley was covalently conjugated to the anti-human high-molecular-weight melanoma-associated antigen (HMW-MAA) monoclonal antibody (MoAb) 225.28S by utilizing water-soluble carbodiimide. Injection of the conjugate (0.1 mg/injection) significantly increased the life span of nude mice injected with ascitic-form human melanoma cells (Colo 38), and caused 40% inhibition on day 25 of the growth of solid-form human melanoma cells in nude mice. The effect is specific and is markedly influenced by the site of growth of tumors and by the schedule of administration of the conjugate. PMID- 3920102 TI - Dynamic analysis of changing features of tumor cells incubated with antitumor agents in vitro and its application for predictive activity assay of antitumor agents. AB - Continuous observation of living malignant cells (L1210) in a specially devised glass observation chamber with an inverted microscope made it possible to classify various cellular morphological features induced by antitumor agents into the following four stages: 1) an initial stage consisting of cytoplasmic granulation and coloring, 2) an intermediate stage of shrinkage of nuclei, increases of vacuoles and cytoplasmic budding, 3) a determinate stage of cell ballooning and 4) the terminal stage (cell ghost). Both the initial and intermediate stages are characterized by cellular changes that appear at an early phase and remain opportunistic in terms of viability. Emergence of these cellular changes is largely dependent on the specific mode of action of antitumor agents. In contrast, definite irreversibility in the changes found in both the terminal and determinate stages was confirmed by continuous observation until the cells showed lytic or ghost features, using a video-recording system. A plot of the number of cells counted in both the determinate and terminal stages versus the time-dose schedule is designated as the "time-dose-response" plot, and this proved useful for estimating the characteristics of the antitumor agents tested and the actions of new antitumor agents on malignant cells (predictive activity assay graph). PMID- 3920103 TI - Proflamin, a new antitumor agent: preparation, physicochemical properties and antitumor activity. AB - Proflamin is a new biological response-modifying antitumor agent. It was isolated from the culture mycelium of Flammulina velutipes (Curt. ex Fr.) Sing. by means of ion exchange column chromatography and molecular sieving. It is a weakly acidic glycoprotein containing more than 90% protein and less than 10% carbohydrate, and its molecular weight is 13,000 +/- 4,000. The antitumor effect of proflamin was studied with murine tumors. It was markedly effective against the syngeneic tumors, B-16 melanoma (B-16) and adenocarcinoma 755 (Ca-755). At a dose of 10 mg/kg po, the increases in median survival time of mice with B-16 and Ca-755 were 86 and 84%, respectively. Proflamin exhibited no cytocidal effect against the cultured cell lines in vitro. Oral administration of proflamin produced no lethal or any other apparent adverse effect in mice. PMID- 3920104 TI - Role of diagnostic and therapeutic improvements in the decline of gastric cancer mortality rate in Japan. AB - The effects of improvements of clinical diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer on the decline in gastric cancer mortality rate in Niigata Prefecture were evaluated. Analysis of mortality statistics since 1950 and registries of surgical cases with gastric cancer in the 10 years from 1972 provided the following conclusions. (1) The age-adjusted gastric cancer mortality rate (the demography of Japan in 1965 was used for the standard population) began to decline in 1968, and the mean mortality rates were 60.5 per 100,000 population in 1958-1967 and 38.6 in 1981, showing 21.9 decrease in 14 years in Niigata Prefecture. (2) Surgical cases increased from 1,258 to 1,870, and those of early gastric cancer in particular showed a rapid increase from 133 to 421 in 10 years (1972-1981). (3) The age-adjusted early gastric cancer rate in surgical patients increased from 4.6 per 100,000 population to 11.5 within 10 years. Since the 5-year survival rate of patients with early gastric cancer is more than 90%, 30.1% of the decrease in the mortality rate should be attributed to patients with early gastric cancer who are surviving. (4) Improved diagnostic and therapeutic techniques for advanced gastric cancer might account for 16.0% of the decline in the mortality rate. (5) Overall, 46.1% of the decline in the mortality rate can be ascribed to improved diagnostic and therapeutic techniques, and the remaining 53.9% to a decreased incidence of gastric cancer. PMID- 3920105 TI - Carcinogenicity testing of acetaminophen in F344 rats. AB - A study of acetaminophen (AAP) for possible carcinogenicity was conducted by administering the test chemical in pelleted diets to F344/DuCrj rats of each sex. Groups of 50 rats were administered AAP at one of two doses, either 0.45 or 0.9% for males and 0.65 or 1.3% for females. The rats were treated for 104 weeks, and then observed for 26 weeks. Control groups of 50 rats were fed basal diet throughout the study. Mean intakes of AAP by low- and high-dose rats were 195.4 and 402.1 in the males, and 335.7 and 688.0 mg/kg/day in the females, respectively. The survival rates at week 104 of each group were 86 to 90% in the males and 80 to 82% in the females. No pathologic or statistical evidence of induction of tumors by AAP was found. It is concluded that, under the conditions of this study, acetaminophen is not carcinogenic to F344/DuCrj rats of either sex. PMID- 3920106 TI - Increased radiosensitivity of a recurrent murine fibrosarcoma following radiotherapy. AB - The radiosensitivity of a recurrent tumor following local radiotherapy was investigated in order to determine whether or not the cell(s) surviving radiotherapy are radioresistant. A tumor which recurred in a C3Hf/HeMsNrs male mouse 200 days after local irradiation of a transplanted syngeneic fibrosarcoma was examined. The recurrent tumor showed the same biological properties, such as karyotype, histological features, and ability to produce colony stimulation factor, as the original tumor. On the other hand, the tumor control dose and the D0 value of the recurrent tumor were much smaller than those of the original tumor. Moreover, the recurrent tumor grew more slowly than the original tumor. It was concluded that initial radiotherapy might have changed the intrinsic radiosensitivity of the original tumor cells. PMID- 3920107 TI - [Recklinghausen's disease with digestive localizations associated with gastric acid hypersecretion suggesting Zollinger-Ellison syndrome]. AB - We report the case of a 49 year old male patient who had Recklinghausen's disease associated with hyperchlorhydria. The principal features of Recklinghausen's disease were cutaneous localizations and countless digestive tumors, found mainly on the small bowel. The ultrastructural aspect of these tumors was neurinoma or schwannoma. Basal acid gastric hypersecretion and a positive secretin test were highly suggestive of a Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Gastrinoma was not found at laparotomy even though a gastrin gradient had been demonstrated by pancreatic venous sampling. In a patient with Recklinghausen's disease, neuroendocrine tumors (APUDomas) should be looked for systematically. PMID- 3920109 TI - [Hepatic biologic anomalies in light chain deposit disease]. PMID- 3920108 TI - [Hepatitis due to antiepileptic agents]. PMID- 3920110 TI - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone effects on guinea pig antrum. AB - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone transiently increased resting tension and spontaneous contraction amplitude more potently in longitudinal muscle than in circular muscle. The frequency of the contraction did not change. Excitation was enhanced by eserine, and blocked by atropine and tetrodotoxin; this excitation was, therefore, probably mediated by acetylcholine release from cholinergic neurons in the myenteric plexus. In the presence of atropine, thyrotropin releasing hormone (10(-10) M) inhibited spontaneous contraction, particularly in longitudinal muscle. This was accompanied by decreased resting tension at and above 10(-8) M. Because contraction was not blocked by adrenergic blockade, indomethacin, methysergide, or hexamethonium, but was abolished by tetrodotoxin, it was postulated that thyrotropin-releasing hormone might stimulate nonadrenergic, noncholinergic inhibitory neurons. There was no cross tachyphylaxis between 5-hydroxytryptamine and thyrotropin-releasing hormone. Results show that 5-hydroxytryptamine does not interact with thyrotropin releasing hormone. PMID- 3920111 TI - Amount and distribution of carbonic anhydrases CA I and CA II in the gastrointestinal tract. AB - The levels of carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity and the amounts of carbonic anhydrase isoenzyme CA I and CA II proteins in the human gastrointestinal tract were determined by kinetic assays and radioimmunoassays. Cellular distribution of carbonic anhydrase activity in the various segments of the gastrointestinal tract were studied by the histochemical method of Hansson and the distribution of CA I and CA II by an immunohistochemical method. The stomach and the colon showed high carbonic anhydrase activity, the jejunum had intermediate activity, and the ileum had low activity. In the stomach CA II was the dominating isoenzyme, whereas the jejunum and the colon contained considerable amounts of both forms. Small amounts of both isoenzymes were found in the ileum. Carbonic anhydrase II immunofluorescence was demonstrated in the surface epithelium and in the parietal cells of the gastric mucosa, and in the epithelium of the jejunal villi. The surface epithelium of the colon contained both CA I and CA II. Carbonic anhydrase I was found in many superficial capillaries in all regions studied. The histochemical method demonstrated enzyme activity also at the cell membranes of gastric chief cells, intestinal crypt cells, and a subpopulation of ileal surface cells. This probably indicates presence of the membrane-bound isoenzyme CA IV. PMID- 3920112 TI - Non-A, non-B posttransfusion hepatitis--a decade later. AB - We have followed up 69 patients who developed non-A, non-B posttransfusion hepatitis in 1972-1978. Chronic hepatitis, defined by biochemical criteria, was observed in 46 patients (67%), the majority of whom subsequently failed to resolve the abnormalities. Chronic hepatitis was a sequela of non-A, non-B posttransfusion hepatitis less often after the blood bank changed to a policy of all volunteer donors. (However, this association may be explained by other coexistent factors.) The alanine aminotransferase level was more likely to be abnormal than the aspartate aminotransferase level during the chronic phase of non-A, non-B posttransfusion hepatitis. By actuarial means it was calculated that the probability of developing normal enzymes after 6-10 yr was 0.47. However, in spite of this high incidence of biochemical disease, virtually all of the patients have remained asymptomatic. Histologic evidence of cirrhosis has been obtained in 4 of these patients, but in only 2 patients at most has clinical evidence of hepatic failure supervened. PMID- 3920113 TI - [Radiotherapy of vulvar cancer. Treatment results of electron therapy in 446 patients 1956 to 1978]. AB - 446 patients with malignant tumour of the vulva were treated from 1956 to 1978. In 432 patients with invasive squamous cell carcinoma, a five-year survival rate of 43.1% was obtained after exclusive exposure to electron radiation. Severe complications were seen in 10.9% of the treated patients. On comparing the results with those obtained after electrocoagulation or vulvectomy, it was seen that a therapy based on electron radiation only yielded more favourable results, especially in cases with advanced stage carcinomas. In younger women with early tumour stages, surgery should be given preference. PMID- 3920114 TI - [Polycystic ovaries: specific disease picture or nonspecific symptom?]. AB - This study compares the clinical, biochemical and laparoscopic findings in androgenized patients with (n = 33) and without (n = 17) polycystic ovaries (PCO). It included selective ovarian-adrenal vein catheterisation with measurement of testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, delta 4-androstendione, dehydroepiandrosterone and its sulfate, 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone and cortisol in peripheral and glandular venous samples; determination of free testosterone, oestradiol, oestron, LH, FSH and prolactin in peripheral blood; GnRH and TRH double stimulation, as well as dexamethasone suppression tests. There was no correlation between the morphological, clinical, and endocrine changes. A PCO specific hormonal pattern was not identifiable. Based on catheterisation data, combined ovarian-adrenal androgen hypersecretion was found in 46% of PCO cases; purely ovarian (21%) or adrenal (12%) overproduction were not as frequent. The dynamic function tests proved to be non-specific; e.g., dexamethasone suppressed not only adrenal, but also ovarian androgen output. It is concluded from these data that PCO are not a nosologic entity, but rather a non-obligatory sign of hyperandrogenism. Laparoscopy is, therefore, without clinical relevance in these patients with non-neoplastic hyperandrogenaemia. PMID- 3920115 TI - [Prostaglandins in transfusion science (experimental research)]. PMID- 3920116 TI - [Effect of parenteral feeding on the fractional composition of blood proteins in dogs undergoing local irradiation of the abdominal area]. PMID- 3920117 TI - [Immunological methods of diagnosing the blood aggregation status]. PMID- 3920118 TI - Further evidence for effects of ethanol on gonadotrophins and prolactin secretion in female rats. AB - The effect of different doses of ethanol (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 g/kg) on LH, FSH and prolactin levels has been studied in female rats. Ethanol was administered in preovulatory periods (18 hr of diestrous or 9 hr of proestrous) and hormonal levels were measured at the 18 hr of proestrous. Ethanol administered at the 18 hr of diestrous produces a biphasic effect on serum LH levels. High doses of alcohol significantly decreased LH levels, whereas low doses (0.5 g/kg) increased the hormonal levels. When ethanol-treatment was at the 9 hr of proestrous, it only decreased LH levels with the dose of 4.0 g/kg. Serum FSH levels were unaffected by the preovulatory administration of ethanol. Serum prolactin concentrations were significantly elevated after i.p. administration of ethanol at the 18 hr of diestrous and the 9 hr of proestrous. The hyperprolactinemia is more pronounced in the rats treated at the 9 hr of proestrous. The results of these studies suggest that the ability of ethanol to modify LH and prolactin levels is due to a central depression caused for alcohol. These effects of ethanol could be mediated by the hypothalamic releasing factors and/or could be due to a direct action on the pituitary function. The sum of these effects produces important failures of the reproductive function in the female rat. PMID- 3920119 TI - Seasonal changes in follicle-stimulating hormone in a breeding population of barheaded geese, Anser indicus. AB - Changes in the plasma titers of follicle-stimulating hormone were investigated in a free-living population of barheaded geese over the whole year. Adult males had pronounced seasonal changes from prebreeding levels of approximately equal to 20 ng/ml to a peak in the breeding season of about 300 ng/ml. Changes in females were only slight. An increase from nondetectable, approximately equal to 20 ng/ml to a mean of 32.2 ng/ml before egg-laying was found. The data are discussed with regard to the literature on free-living species and the previously published data on LH and testosterone levels in the same birds. PMID- 3920121 TI - Asthma in the elderly: diagnostic and treatment concerns. AB - The sensation of retrosternal constriction or central chest pain caused by asthma can be indistinguishable from that caused by the more common etiology, angina pectoris. Therefore, the possibility of asthma should be considered before initiating anti-angina therapy. The use of selective beta 2-adrenergic receptor agonists that cause bronchodilation without tachycardia is especially important in the elderly. PMID- 3920120 TI - Normal female germ cell differentiation requires the female X chromosome to autosome ratio and expression of sex-lethal in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - In somatic cells of Drosophila, the ratio of X chromosomes to autosomes (X:A ratio) determines sex and dosage compensation. The present paper addresses the question of whether germ cells also use the X:A ratio for sex determination and dosage compensation. Triploid female embryos were generated which, through the loss of an unstable ring-X chromosome, contained some germ cells of 2X;3A constitution in their ovaries. Such germ cells were shown to differentiate along one of two alternative pathways: a minority developed into normal female oocytes and eggs; the majority developed into abnormal multicellular cysts. An X:A ratio of 1 is, therefore, required in female germ cell development, at least in the mature ovary after stem cell division. Abnormal development of female germ cells was also observed when 2X;2A germ cells which were homozygous or trans heterozygous for mutant alleles at the Sex-lethal locus were transplanted into normal female host embryos at the blastoderm stage. Germ cells homozygous for amorphic alleles failed to give rise to normal eggs. Instead, they formed multicellular cysts, very similar to those formed by 2X;3A cells. Zygotic Sxl+ activity is, therefore, also necessary for the development of normal female germ cells. No abnormalities were detected in transplanted germ cells from female embryos whose mothers had been homozygous for the mutation daughterless. When normal XY germ cells were transplanted into female embryos, no traces of such cells could be found in the adult ovary. XY germ cells seem, therefore, not to develop as far as 2X;3A or Sxl homozygous cells in a female gonad. This indicates that neither 2X;3A nor Sxl homozygous germ cells are equivalent to normal XY germ cells. PMID- 3920122 TI - Radiation therapy of Kaposi's sarcoma in AIDS. Memorial Sloan-Kettering experience. PMID- 3920123 TI - [Lysosomal enzyme activity in various organs of rats exposed to tetramethylthiuram disulfide]. PMID- 3920124 TI - The Donald P. Kent Memorial Lecture. Parent care as a normative family stress. PMID- 3920125 TI - Housing and long-term care: the suitability of the elderly's housing to the provision of in-home services. PMID- 3920127 TI - Purification and characterization of pyocins from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - Three types of pyocins were found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain 986 and named pyocin type P25, P50, and P70. Production of these types was inducible by UV irradiation. Their molar mass was estimated. The pyocins obtained were different from the known pyocins R, S, and F in their chemical and physical properties. No immunological cross reaction was observed among these pyocins. PMID- 3920126 TI - Mechanical properties of the colon: comparison of the features of the African and European colon in vitro. AB - The tensile properties of the colon have been examined using methods which gave repeatable results. They showed little change after storage in salt for up to five weeks. The burst strength remained unchanged along the length of the colon. The tensile strength fell distally, as the thickness of the colonic wall increased. The width at burst decreased distally as did the internal diameter. The visco-elastic property of stress relaxation was constant in all regions. The tensile property of the colon was well developed at birth, but fell with age as did the width at burst and the internal diameter. Stress relaxation was unaffected. Because there may be a mechanical abnormality of the colonic wall in diverticular disease and as Europeans are prone to this condition while Africans are not commonly affected, European and African colons were compared. The tensile strength in a Kampala group was greater than in an Edinburgh one, but fell significantly in both groups with age. The width at burst was greater in the Kampala group, but also declined with age. Stress-relaxation was similar in both groups. In view of the similar properties in childhood of colons from Edinburgh and Kampala, the strength of the adult African compared with European colons may derive later from environmental factors such as diet. There were, however, no differences between the colons with and without diverticular disease in European subjects over the age of 50 years. PMID- 3920128 TI - [In vitro fertilization and embryo transfer in gonadotropin-stimulated cycles]. PMID- 3920129 TI - [Interactions in the formation of a fibrin clot]. PMID- 3920130 TI - [Catheter jejunostomy--a surgical complement to postoperative parenteral feeding]. PMID- 3920131 TI - [Experiences with ambulatory parenteral nutrition]. PMID- 3920132 TI - Presence of high affinity dopamine receptors in estrone-induced, prolactin secreting rat pituitary adenomas: a model for human prolactinomas. AB - Adenomatous cells obtained from a pituitary tumor induced in Fisher 344/Lis rats by the subcutaneous implantation of estrone (E1) were found to secrete large amounts of prolactin (PRL). The secretion of PRL was stimulated by thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) and low concentrations of dopamine (DA), while micromolar concentrations of DA were inhibitory. High affinity binding sites for 3H spiroperidol (3H-SPIR) were found to be present on the cells and to conform to the criteria of dopaminergic receptors. An adenylate cyclase (AC) present in the cells could be activated by a guanyl nucleotide and was inhibited by DA in the presence of guanosine 5'-triphosphate (GTP). Fractionation of the adenomatous cells by Percoll gradients identified two groups of cells capable of secreting PRL and bearing 3H-SPIR binding sites. These data indicate that this rat pituitary adenoma may be a model for human prolactinomas that might be utilized for the study of the mechanism of action of dopaminergic drugs. PMID- 3920133 TI - Effects of the intraventricular administration of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine on FSH, LH and prolactin secretion in neonatally estrogenized male rats. AB - The role of the serotoninergic system in the control of LH, FSH and prolactin secretion was analyzed in control and neonatally estrogenized male rats. Animals injected s.c. with 500 micrograms of estradiol benzoate (EB) on day 1 of life, or their corresponding sham-treated controls, were divided on day 75 into the following groups: (1) orchidectomized; (2) injected intraventricularly with 5,7 dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT); (3) orchidectomized and treated with 5,7-DHT, and (4) sham operated. 15 days later, the animals were decapitated and their FHS, LH and prolactin plasma values measured by specific RIA systems. After the treatment with 5,7-DHT, control animals showed a decline in basal prolactin levels but no modification in basal LH and FSH values. After castration, 5,7-DHT-treated animals showed a reduced LH increase and a more marked prolactin decrease. In neonatal estrogen-treated animals, the 5,7-DHT injection did not change FSH, LH or prolactin levels but did partially or completely abolish the post-castration rise in FSH and LH levels, respectively. These data seem to indicate that neonatal estrogenization induced a modification of the serotoninergic role in the control of LH, FSH and prolactin. PMID- 3920134 TI - Pharmacokinetic-hemodynamic interactions between vasopressin and nitroglycerin: comparison between intravenous and cutaneous routes of nitrate delivery. AB - Addition of nitroglycerin (NTG) improves the hemodynamic response to vasopressin and may thus be useful in the treatment of gastrointestinal hemorrhage. We studied in the rat the influence of vasopressin on the disposition of a constant intravenous infusion of NTG and the cutaneous absorption of NTG ointment. The effect of NTG on the pharmacokinetics of vasopressin was also determined. Animals were divided into four groups: control, NTG, vasopressin and vasopressin + NTG. Infusions (or ointments) were maintained for 70 min; cardiac output and regional blood flows were determined with the microsphere technique. Both intravenous and cutaneous NTG resulted in similar hemodynamic responses. Vasopressin caused generalized vasoconstriction, while the addition of NTG reversed the deleterious systemic hemodynamic effects of vasopressin. Addition of vasopressin to NTG did not alter NTG systemic clearance nor did NTG affect vasopressin clearance. Of note, the systemic clearance of NTG was directly correlated with the cardiac output (r = 0.804), supporting a model of NTG distribution where blood vessels and/or extrahepatic tissues are the site of elimination of the drug. The marked reduction in skin blood flow by vasopressin did not decrease the steady-state plasma concentration of NTG nor the estimated cutaneous absorption rate of NTG ointment, indicating that cutaneous blood flow is not an important determinant in the absorption of NTG ointment. The skin is an appropriate route of delivery for NTG when combined with vasopressin. PMID- 3920135 TI - Comparison of the phenacetin and aminopyrine breath tests: effect of liver disease, inducers and cobaltous chloride. AB - The phenacetin breath test (PBT) has been proposed as an alternative to the aminopyrine breath test (ABT) for the assessment of hepatic function. To investigate the clinical utility of the PBT, we compared the PBT with the ABT in 9 healthy subjects and 18 patients with biopsy-proven liver disease. We also investigated the effects of cytochrome P-450 inducers in humans and rats, and the effect of cobaltous chloride (CoCl2) in rats on the PBT to elucidate the relationship between the rate of phenacetin deethylation and exhaled labeled CO2 derived from phenacetin. In humans with abnormal ABTs, the PBT correlated with the ABT (r = 0.77), but in healthy humans there was no correlation between the two breath tests. Rifampin pretreatment in healthy humans induced the ABT by 27%, but did not induce the PBT. In rats the PBT was not induced by 3 methylcholanthrene pretreatment at phenacetin doses of 1 mg per kg, but was induced by both 3-methylcholanthrene (178%) and phenobarbital (142%) at 10 mg per kg phenacetin. Pretreatment of rats with CoCl2, which reduces cytochrome P-450 content, decreased the PBT by 40% and the ABT by 84%. The insensitivity of the PBT to induction except at high doses of phenacetin suggests that phenacetin deethylation is not the rate-limiting process modulating exhaled labeled CO2 in healthy subjects, and that the PBT does not generally reflect normal or induced phenacetin dealkylation rates. The PBT, however, did reflect hepatic damage and may even be better than the ABT for grading the severity of hepatic damage. PMID- 3920136 TI - Plasma lipoproteins and apoproteins in primary biliary cirrhosis. AB - To elucidate abnormalities in lipid metabolism in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), plasma lipoproteins and apoproteins were analyzed in 10 such patients. Lipoprotein X was present in sera from five of the patients. Another abnormal lipoprotein of slow alpha-mobility on agarose gel electrophoresis was observed in sera of eight of the patients. The slow alpha-lipoprotein was distributed in the range of densities between low density and high density lipoproteins and was rich in apoprotein E. This abnormal lipoprotein of PBC was observed in those in Stages II and III but not in those in Stage I. The amounts of slow alpha-lipoprotein correlated to the levels of serum apoprotein E and to total cholesterol. Determination of apoprotein concentrations in serum of PBC patients revealed increases of apoproteins E and C-II and a decrease of apoprotein A-II. In conclusion, lipoprotein abnormalities in PBC patients were characterized by increased levels of apoprotein E and appearance of an abnormal lipoprotein of slow alpha-mobility in addition to well-known lipoprotein X. PMID- 3920137 TI - Malaria and the liver. PMID- 3920138 TI - Nonluteal source of lordosis-promoting progesterone secretion in guinea pigs. AB - Prepubertal (21-24 days of age), intact female guinea pigs treated sequentially with estradiol benzoate and LH or FSH displayed lordosis behavior. The gonadotropins apparently caused release of progesterone from the ovaries, because lordosis behavior in guinea pigs is activated by sequential action of estrogen and progesterone. These data demonstrate that immature ovaries, completely devoid of corpus luteum tissue, are capable of secreting behaviorally significant concentrations of progesterone when stimulated by gonadotropins. Therefore, the luteal compartment of the guinea pig ovary is not essential for the preovulatory surges of progesterone that coincide with expression of lordosis behavior in adulthood. Likely candidates for sources of preovulatory progesterone in prepubertal females are antral follicle and interstitial gland tissue. PMID- 3920139 TI - Economic grand rounds. A chronic psychiatric patient in an HMO. PMID- 3920140 TI - Genetic complementation analysis in somatic cell hybrids of alpha-L-iduronidase deficient cells. PMID- 3920141 TI - Prepartal infection of the placenta with Neisseria gonorrhoeae. AB - Placentas from 191 consecutive deliveries were cultured for Neisseria gonorrhoeae and other bacteria before being examined histologically. N gonorrhoeae was seen on direct microscopical examination and cultured from two placentas, one of which had chorioamnionitis and the other had a granulocytic invasion of the membranes. In both patients, rupture of the membranes had occurred two hours or less before delivery, and thus after infection. A third patient was also found to have light gonococcal infection of the placenta. Six infections with group B streptococci were identified, but only one correlated with chorioamnionitis. Chorioamnionitis was observed in 16 (8.4%) and granulocytic infiltration of the membranes in 18 (9.4%) of the deliveries. PMID- 3920142 TI - Penicillinase producing strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Madrid. PMID- 3920143 TI - Auxotypes and serogroups of penicillinase producing and non-producing strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolated in Franceville, Gabon. AB - The auxotypes and serogroups of 250 consecutive isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae from Franceville, Gabon, including 33 penicillinase producing (PPNG) strains, were identified and the results tabulated for four periods. The PPNG and certain non-PPNG strains were isolated in clusters against a relatively stable pattern of non-PPNG biotypes. Most of the non-PPNG strains were non-requiring or proline requiring strains of serogroup WII or non-requiring strains that could not be grouped with commercially available antisera. No strain requiring arginine, hypoxanthine, and uracil was observed. The PPNG strains were all serogroup WI or ungroupable and non-requiring or proline or arginine dependent auxotypes. Only one non-PPNG strain required proline or arginine and was not serogroup WII. PMID- 3920144 TI - Effect of two gold compounds on human polymorphonuclear leukocyte lysosomal function and phagocytosis. AB - Lysosomal neutral proteases, once released, are considered to play an important role in the rheumatoid inflammatory process. The effect of two gold compounds on human polymorphonuclear lysosomal enzymes was studied during reverse endocytosis. Phagocytosis was assessed using dual-labeled liposomes. Auranofin, a new antirheumatic gold compound, reduces human polymorphonuclear leukocyte phagocytoses and lysosomal elastase and beta-glucuronidase release at a therapeutically achievable concentration (5 microM). Sodium aurothiomalate was ineffective at this concentration. PMID- 3920145 TI - Effects of HC 20-511 (ketotifen) on chemiluminescence of human neutrophils. AB - The effects of ketotifen on the chemiluminescence (CL) and chemotaxis of human neutrophils were studied in vitro. Stimulations of neutrophils by concanavalin A (Con A), calcium ionophore A23187 (CI) and formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) were strongly suppressed in contrast with that by zymosan, which was only slightly inhibited in CL assay; the inhibitory effect of ketotifen was dose dependent. The addition of ketotifen even after stimulations of CI' and FMLP also inhibited CL response. The neutrophils which were activated by incubation with FMLP (10(-7)M) at 37 degrees C for 60 min emitted much greater light in CI induced CL assay than those without the pretreatment with FMLP. Such enhanced CL of activated cells was also markedly suppressed by ketotifen. On the other hand, ketotifen did not show any inhibitory effect on the direct movement of neutrophils by FMLP (10(-7)M) at the concentrations which inhibited CL responses. These unique pharmacological activities of ketotifen are encouraging for its potential clinical usage as an antiinflammatory agent in some disorders associated with neutrophils as well as for its experimental usefulness for the analysis of various functions of neutrophils. PMID- 3920146 TI - Adhesion of a human fecal Escherichia coli strain to mouse colonic mucus. AB - Escherichia coli F-18 isolated from the feces of a healthy human is an excellent colonizer of the CD-1 mouse colon. In the present investigation, adhesion of E. coli F-18 to CD-1 mouse colonic mucus and bovine serum albumin (BSA), immobilized on polystyrene, was studied. Adhesion of E. coli F-18 to mucus was two- to sixfold greater than to either BSA or polystyrene. E. coli F-18 lipopolysaccharide specifically blocked adhesion of E. coli F-18 to mucus and mimicked adhesion of E. coli F-18 to mucus, BSA, and polystyrene. Purified capsule also blocked adhesion of E. coli F-18 to mucus, but this inhibition was found to be entirely nonspecific. The specific E. coli F-18 receptor in mucus appeared to be a glycoprotein, containing sugars normally found in mucins and having a maximum molecular weight of between 1.25 X 10(5) and 2.5 X 10(5). PMID- 3920147 TI - Recognition of serogroup A Neisseria meningitidis serotype antigens by human antisera. AB - The antigens of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A which were recognized by human antisera were identified by Western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay techniques. The components of six prototype strains used for serotyping serogroup A meningococci were resolved by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and then transferred to nitrocellulose for immunoperoxidase staining with sera collected from 10 acute-phase and 14 convalescent-phase patients. Six acute-phase sera detected six major antigens having apparent molecular weights between 14,000 and 82,000. In addition to recognizing these antigens, the convalescent-phase sera detected a protease-sensitive antigen with an apparent molecular weight of 20,000 for one strain and 27,000 for five strains, lipopolysaccharide, and the heat-modifiable proteins. The sera recognized lipopolysaccharide in a serotype-specific manner, whereas their reactions with the heat-modifiable protein were not serotype specific. Convalescent-phase sera recognized components from eight meningococcal serogroups. The concentrations of immunoglobulin G directed to capsular polysaccharide were determined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; seven acute-phase sera had less than 0.39 micrograms of antibody per ml, whereas the average concentration in convalescent-phase sera was 3.22 micrograms/ml and the range was 0.40 to 7.50 micrograms/ml. PMID- 3920149 TI - Overview of the use of perfluorochemicals for myocardial ischemic rescue. PMID- 3920148 TI - Effective protection against Listeria monocytogenes and delayed-type hypersensitivity to listerial antigens depend on cooperation between specific L3T4+ and Lyt 2+ T cells. AB - Selected L3T4- and Lyt 2- T-cell subpopulations from Listeria monocytogenes infected mice were transferred into syngenic recipients, and their capacity to adoptively mediate protection against L. monocytogenes and delayed-type hypersensitivity to listerial antigens was determined. Both functions were markedly reduced by pretreatment of cells with either anti-L3T4 or anti-Lyt 2.2 antibodies plus complement, but they could be restored by admixture of the two selected T-cell subsets. Thus, after systemic cell transfer effective protection against L. monocytogenes and delayed-type hypersensitivity to listerial antigens depend on cooperation between specific L3T4+ and Lyt 2+ T cells. PMID- 3920150 TI - Perfluorochemical emulsions for the treatment of cerebral ischemia. PMID- 3920151 TI - Perfluorochemical emulsions and perfusion of isolated organs. PMID- 3920152 TI - Antibodies to Newcastle disease virus in various human diseases. AB - Sera of patients with infectious mononucleosis (IM) and various other diseases were studied for agglutinins against Newcastle disease virus (NDV)-modified human group O red blood cells (NDVO) and antibodies to the NDV preparations. In agreement with previous studies, the NDVO antibodies are found in a wide variety of diseases in addition to IM, including Japanese IM-like syndrome (22%), syphilis (24%), lepromatous leprosy (30%), systemic lupus erythematosus (29%), multiple sclerosis (18%) and cancer (17%); these antibodies were also found in patients with renal allografts (29%). It was also noted that the Victoria (VIC), Roakin and Herts strains, but not B1 strain of NDV are active in the NDVO agglutination, and VIC and Roakin strains, but not B1 strain in the immunodiffusion. Immunodiffusion and enzyme immunoassay with various preparations of the VIC strain revealed that the major antigen(s) of the virus under study is carried by the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (H-N) glycoproteins. The H-N molecule was also shown to be able to modify human erythrocytes for the agglutination by the pathologic sera. PMID- 3920153 TI - Specificity of antibodies to Newcastle disease virus. AB - Specificity of antibodies to Victoria strain of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) found in infectious mononucleosis (IM) and other pathologic sera was investigated by agglutination of NDV-modified human O red blood cells, as well as by immunodiffusion and enzyme immunoassay with various preparations of the virus. These studies clearly demonstrated that the NDV antibodies are distinct from P-B or H-D antibodies. The unexpected observation that guinea pig kidney (GPK) tissues absorbed NDV antibodies allowed their classification into a group of 'GPK positive' heterophile antibodies. The simultaneous occurrence of the NDV antibodies and H-D antibodies in IM and other diseases suggests the possibility that multiple new antigenic determinants, especially those of carbohydrate nature, may appear due to the alteration of self-antigens as a result of various pathologic processes. PMID- 3920154 TI - The Hajdu-Cheney syndrome. A review of the literature and report of 3 cases. AB - The Hajdu-Cheney syndrome or acro-osteolysis syndrome is a rare disease. Only 18 well-documented cases are described in the literature. Presentation of cases in the oral surgical literature is rare. The syndrome is characterized by dissolution of terminal phalanges of the hands and feet, dolichocephaly, open cranial sutures, multiple wormian bones, absence of frontal sinuses, wide open sella turcica, progressive basilar invagination, early loss of teeth, short stature and characteristic facies. Inheritance is most likely autosomal dominant. 3 patients are presented, 2 of them are mother and son, the latter (case 2) being the youngest patient reported to date. The parents of the 3rd patient were consanguineous, raising the possibility of genetic heterogeneity. Dental, surgical and genetic aspects are discussed. PMID- 3920155 TI - Fractures of the coronoid process of the mandible. An analysis of 52 cases. AB - Fractures of the coronoid process occur infrequently. In the present study, 52 cases of fracture of the coronoid process are presented and analysed and the relevant literature is reviewed. Coronoid fractures constituted 2.9% of all facial fractures. Of the 52 cases, 12 were isolated coronoid fractures (23%), whereas in the remaining 40 cases, coronoid fractures coexisted with other maxillofacial injuries. The clinical picture, diagnosis and therapeutic modalities of coronoid fractures are discussed. PMID- 3920156 TI - Psychological factors in temporomandibular joint dysfunction pain. A review. AB - Psychological factors are involved in TMJ dysfunction but much previous research has tried to identify single personality factors. Multiple factors, however, are involved. These can be divided into 2 main groups: external social factors and the innate psychiatric state of the patient. The concepts involved and their measurement by life events and illness behaviour questionnaires are discussed. The clinical importance of this to the oral surgeon is emphasised, in relation to the patient who fails to respond to conservative therapy and for whom TMJ surgery is planned. Some of these difficult patients may be less well socially integrated than the majority of TMJ patients. PMID- 3920157 TI - Cherubism. AB - Cherubism is a benign, hereditary giant cell lesion of the jaws, that appears in children as a bilateral painless swelling, between the ages of 2 and 5 years and progresses until puberty, when it spontaneously regresses. It normally requires no treatment. We had the chance to operate on a 5-year-old boy with cherubism 8 years ago, and used homogenous bone grafts to replace the diseased tissue to avoid pathological fracture of the mandible. Since then we have been following the patient, witnessing the gradual involvement of other sites in the jaws and the displacement of teeth and tooth germs. PMID- 3920158 TI - Squamous cell carcinoma arising in the lining of odontogenic cysts. Report of 5 cases. AB - The lining of odontogenic cysts seldom gives rise to the development of a carcinoma. In a review of the literature by Gardner in 1975, 25 cases were accepted as such. In the present paper, 5 new cases are reported. These cases were encountered during a 14-year-period in which 292 oral carcinomas were registered, emphasizing the rarity of carcinomas arising from odontogenic cysts. PMID- 3920159 TI - Radicular cysts arising from deciduous teeth. Review of the literature and report of 23 cases. AB - Radicular cysts arising from deciduous teeth are rare. 28 such cases have been recorded in the literature since 1898. In this study, we present 23 personally observed cases of radicular cysts arising from deciduous teeth. The patients' ages ranged from 4 to 12 years with one exceptional case aged 19 years. The M:F ratio was 1.6:1. The mandible was affected more frequently than the maxilla and the deciduous molars were the teeth most commonly involved. 2 of the cysts presented multi-locular radiolucency; in 9 cases, buccal expansion was noticed and in 8 cases, permanent buds were displaced. Caries was the most common etiologic factor in the formation of the cysts. Histologically, cysts in varying stages of development were lined by proliferating non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. PMID- 3920160 TI - IgA . K type myeloma with severe postextraction bleeding. AB - A case of multiple myeloma detected by the first symptom of severe postextraction bleeding was presented. Although laboratory data showed severe anemia, rouleaux formation of erythrocytes, abnormal hemostatic parameters, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate and hyperglobulinemia, no involvement of bones such as the jaws, skull, ribs or sternum was demonstrated roentgenologically. Final diagnosis obtained by immunoelectrophoresis was Ig A . K type myeloma. During a therapeutic period with melphalan and predonine, bleeding from the extracted wound was repeated. 2 months after the onset of the first symptoms, the patient died of systemic bleeding. Autopsy findings revealed many hemorrhagic sites in the lungs, stomach, kidney and bladder and the existence of plasma cell-like tumor cells in the bone marrow of lumber vertebra and sternum. PMID- 3920161 TI - Arthroscopy of the temporomandibular joint. An autopsy study. AB - Arthroscopy of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is evaluated on an autopsy material. 2 different types of arthroscope--one with a rod-lens system and one with a so-called Selfoc system--were used and compared regarding diagnostic accuracy. On 54 cadavers, it was found that the upper joint compartment may be punctured with accuracy and without damage to vital tissues. Landmarks on the skin facilitating clinical arthroscopy were defined in relation to a guideline from tragus to lateral canthus. A further 49 TMJ specimens were investigated with arthroscopy. The findings are in good agreement with subsequent observations made during dissection. Regarding arthrotic changes, 100% diagnostic accuracy was achieved with both types of arthroscope. Regarding remodelling changes, the diagnostic accuracy was approximately 57%. No significant difference was noticed between the 2 arthroscopes. Photographic documentation with the rod-lens arthroscope was found to be of superior quality. PMID- 3920162 TI - The effect of apicoectomy before replantation on periodontal and pulpal healing in teeth in monkeys. AB - The effect of resection of the apical part of the root before replantation upon periodontal and pulpal healing was studied in 7 green Vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops) using teeth with incomplete and complete root formation. Maxillary central incisors, mandibular lateral incisors and first and second mandibular molars were used in this experiment. On one side, the tooth was extracted and replanted with an intact root while the contralateral tooth had 2 mm of the apex resected for the purpose of facilitating pulpal repair and eliminating resorption in the resorption-prone region of the root. The replanted teeth were examined histologically 8 weeks after replantation. The histometric analysis revealed no significant difference in periodontal healing between teeth with or without apical resection. With regard to pulpal healing, apical resection was found to lead to significantly less vital pulp tissue in teeth with immature root formation. A similar, but not significant difference was found for mature teeth. Based on these findings, it could not be recommended that apices be resected prior to replantation in order to improve pulpal repair. PMID- 3920163 TI - Actinomycosis of the jaws. 2 case reports. AB - The diagnosis of actinomycosis is not always straightforward. It has been described as a masquerader, and 2 cases are presented which exemplify this. Their mode of presentation and natural history are contrasted. PMID- 3920164 TI - Autotransplantation of human premolars. A clinical and radiographic study of 100 teeth. AB - The purpose of the present study was to identify factors which might influence the success of autotransplantation, such as root development, root resorption, pulp condition and tooth eruption. The material consisted of 100 human premolars transplanted in 87 patients. The observation period ranged from 3-18 years, with a mean value 6.3 years. Clinical and radiographic examinations were performed. The transplanted premolars were divided into 7 stages of root development. At the final control, 93 teeth remained and 7 teeth were extracted. Periodontal healing without root resorption was related to stage of root development. It decreased from 93% in teeth with 3/4 root development to 37% in teeth with fully developed roots. Inflammatory root resorption was seen in 7 cases and replacement root resorption in 12 cases. Pulp revascularization was observed in 100% in stages with initial root development to 1/2 root development and decreased to 0% for teeth with fully developed roots. Pulp obliteration was observed in all cases with revascularized pulp tissue. The gingival condition was similar to contralateral, not transplanted premolars or adjacent teeth. Root growth increased with the stage of root development at the time of transplantation. It is concluded that transplantation of premolars with 1/2-3/4 root development provides a good chance of pulp survival, limited risk of root resorption and ensures sufficient final root length, and is thus recommended. PMID- 3920165 TI - Prevention of neoplasms of the oral-maxillo-facial region: operative proposals. AB - The authors, with their experience in the field of depistage of maxillofacial cancer, propose the establishment of a health education program for prevention and early diagnosis. PMID- 3920166 TI - The antitheilerial effects of Theileria parva parva reaction and recovery sera in vitro. PMID- 3920167 TI - The effect of mitomycin C treatment of infected erythrocytes on infection with Babesia microti and Babesia rodhaini in mice. PMID- 3920168 TI - Cryogenic lesion alters the metabolism of arachidonic acid in rabbit cornea layers. AB - The metabolism of radiolabeled arachidonic acid in epithelium, stroma, and endothelium was studied in normal and cryogenically lesioned rabbit corneas. The synthesis of cyclooxygenase- and lipoxygenase-reaction products, as well as the incorporation of arachidonic acid in phospholipids and neutral lipids, was followed by in vitro incubation (60 min) of corneas obtained 2 hr, 5 days, and 15 days after injury. In unwounded controls, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was the major cyclooxygenase product formed in the stroma, whereas thromboxane B2 predominated in the endothelium and epithelium. The major lipoxygenase product detected under these conditions in the epithelium was mono-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (mono HETE) and in the stroma, 12-HETE. In contrast, lipoxygenase products could not be detected in control endothelium. Two hours after injury, the labeling of lipids in epithelium and endothelium decreased; the largest decrease was in phosphatidylinositol, followed by phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. At the same time, cyclooxygenase-reaction products in the epithelium increased, particularly PGF2 alpha. Prostaglandin levels in the stroma rose rapidly after injury and remained elevated for 15 days. In the endothelium, increases in PGF2 alpha and PGE2 were the most prominent effects of injury. After wounding, lipoxygenase products appeared for the first time in the endothelium and increased in the stroma and epithelium. Within 2 hr after lesioning, 12-HETE and 5-HETE increased in stroma. These studies show that the metabolism of arachidonic acid is altered by cryogenic injury and that the resulting changes differ in the three layers of the cornea. These changes involve arachidonoyl groups of phospholipids and cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase products, and it is suggested that they are at least partly due to the migration of inflammatory cells to the wound site. PMID- 3920169 TI - Competition between strains of scrapie depends on the blocking agent being infectious. AB - Compton White mice (Sincs7) were injected twice intraperitoneally, first with the 22A strain of scrapie agent (in brain homogenates) and then, after 105 days, with the 22C strain. Incubation periods were calculated from the time of the first injection. The experiment was designed so that, with no interaction between strains, the second strain (22C) should have produced cases about 300-350 days after the first injection, depending on the dose of 22C. This was well before the limit of 470 days set by the mean incubation period minus 3 SD of 22A alone: a limit which was used to distinguish 22C from 22A clinical cases. In fact, 22A blocked 22C as shown by (i) the lengthening of 22C incubation periods, (ii) the reduced proportion of cases due to 22C, and (iii) the reduced effective titer of 22C. The blocking efficiency of 22A was not greatly reduced by physicochemical treatments that had little or no effect on its infectivity by the intraperitoneal route. However, treatment of 22A homogenates with 6 M urea virtually eliminated infectivity and also abolished blocking ability. It is concluded that competition depends on the infectivity of the scrapie strain used for blocking. PMID- 3920170 TI - Comparison of misoprostol and cimetidine in the treatment of duodenal ulcer. AB - The efficacy of misoprostol (a synthetic analogue of prostaglandin E1) and cimetidine in the treatment of duodenal ulcer was evaluated. Seventy-one patients with endoscopically proven duodenal ulcer were randomized in a double-blind manner in one of three groups that received four daily doses of either misoprostol, 50 or 200 micrograms, or cimetidine, 300 mg. Ulcer healing was assessed endoscopically after 4 weeks of treatment. The mean age, sex distribution, and tobacco, alcohol and caffeine consumption were similar in all treatment groups. Only one patient was lost to follow-up. On the misoprostol low dose, healing of the ulcer was observed in 60.9% of the patients. In contrast, healing on the higher dose of misoprostol was not significantly different to that with cimetidine. No significant clinical or laboratory side effects were observed in any of the patients. We found that the daily dose of 800 micrograms misoprostol is safe and effective in the treatment of duodenal ulcer. PMID- 3920171 TI - Who benefits from the artificial heart? PMID- 3920172 TI - Radiation transmission and scattering for medical linacs producing x rays of 6 and 15 MV: comparison of calculations with measurements. AB - We present comparisons of calculated and measured dose equivalent rates outside the shielding and in the entry mazes of 2 medical linac facilities producing x rays at 6 and 15 MV. Calculations were made using the NCRP recommendations for estimating transmission of radiation through a shielding wall and scattering of radiation in a maze. We found that, for walls made of high-density concrete, the x-ray dose rate outside the shield was estimated within 50% if transmission factors measured in the appropriate high-density concrete were used. The dose rate was overestimated by a factor of 2-4 when transmission factors for normal concrete were scaled using a density ratio. Dose equivalent rates calculated for x rays and neutrons in the entry mazes agreed within a factor of 2 with the measurements. PMID- 3920173 TI - Medical radiodiagnosis and pregnancy: evaluation of options when pregnancy status is uncertain. AB - There are 4 options available to the referring physician in considering radiodiagnostic examinations of patients with uncertain pregnancy status. In the first option, the referring physician in consultation with the radiologist may elect to perform a complete or modified examination, based on a complete evaluation of the risks and benefits of the procedure. Risks, in this case, would include the possibility of irreparable damage to an unsuspected conceptus. In the second option, the referring physician may cancel the examination altogether. In the third option, the referring physician may perform a pregnancy test before the examination to screen for the patients who are actually pregnant. The fourth option is to postpone the examination to the first half of the menstrual cycle when it is relatively certain that the patient is not pregnant (elective scheduling). The last 2 options are recommendations designed to minimize the occurrence of radiation exposures in unsuspected pregnancies. Using cost/benefit analysis and simple probability calculations, it is shown that, as general public policy, pregnancy tests and elective scheduling procedures are of little value and that the first 2 options are sufficient in deciding to perform the radiodiagnostic examination. PMID- 3920174 TI - Home health care: some social and economic considerations. PMID- 3920175 TI - Light and electron microscopic localization of L-alpha-hydroxyacid oxidase in rat kidney revealed by immunocytochemical techniques. AB - Light and electron microscopic localization of L-alpha-hydroxyacid oxidase (L HOX) in rat kidney was studied by means of immunocytochemical techniques. Isozymes A and B of L-HOX were purified from rat liver and kidney, respectively. The apparent molecular weights of the subunits of the isozymes A and B were 35,800 and 33,500 daltons, respectively, by a slab gel electrophoresis. Antibodies to the isozymes were raised in rabbits. Anti(isozyme A) is not cross reactive with the isozyme B and vice versa anti(isozyme B) not with the isozyme A. Using anti-isozyme B, semithin sections of Epon-embedded material and ultrathin sections of Lowicryl K4M-embedded material were stained by immunoenzyme and protein A-gold techniques, respectively. By light microscopy, fine discrete granular staining was noted in proximal tubules, but not in distal tubules including thick and thin limbs of Henle and collecting tubules. By electron microscopy, gold particles representing the antigen sites for L-HOX B were confined exclusively to peroxisomes, in which most of the gold particles were localized in electron dense peripheral matrix, but little in central matrix with low electron density. The results indicate that L-HOX B does not homogeneously distribute in peroxisomes of rat kidney but might be associated with some substructure within peroxisome matrix. PMID- 3920176 TI - Cost-effective curriculum planning in health education. AB - Given the rigorous demands of regulatory agencies and the funding cutbacks prevalent in current educational institutions, educators must find new ways to incorporate modern advances in their respective fields into already overcrowded curricula. This article describes a major problem facing educators today, outlines various methods that have been used (for the most part, unsatisfactorily) to solve the dilemma, and posits a systematic approach to modern curriculum planning that has been field tested at the Kettering Medical Center School of Medical Technology. By way of illustration of this process, the authors include data gathered during development of the cost-effective curriculum planning approach. While the method described in this article has been expressly designed for the allied health professions, its theory and recommendations may be generalized to virtually any field. PMID- 3920177 TI - The effect of pH on the selection of carbaryl-degrading bacteria from garden soil. AB - At an alkaline pH and in an aqueous solution carbaryl hydrolyses to form 1 naphthol, methylamine and carbon dioxide, but it is much more stable at an acid pH. Soil perfusion column experiments indicated that the rate of carbaryl degradation at pH 6.0 to 7.0 was limited by the rate of chemical hydrolysis. Bacterial communities of at least 12 and 14 members were selected in continuous cultures using carbaryl as the sole carbon and nitrogen source at pH 6.0. These communities were supported by the slow formation of hydrolysis products and a carbaryl-degrading bacterium was not selected after greater than 2000 h. A bacterial community of at least eight members was selected using equimolar 1 naphthol and methylamine as its sole carbon and nitrogen source. In contrast, after a lag of between 10 and 50 days, soil perfusion column and continuous culture enrichments at pH 5.2 and 5.0, respectively, led to the selection of a Pseudomonas sp. which could utilize carbaryl as its sole carbon and nitrogen source. PMID- 3920178 TI - The bacteriolytic action of MT-141, a new cephamycin antibiotic, on gram-negative bacteria. AB - MT-141, a new cephamycin (7 alpha-methoxy-cephalosporin) antibiotic with a D cysteine moiety in its 7 beta-side chain, has binding affinities to penicillin binding proteins of Escherichia coli and an inhibitory action on their transpeptidase activity similar to those of other structurally related cephamycins. Yet this antibiotic was found to exert an exceedingly strong and rapid lytic action on sensitive Gram-negative bacteria such as E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia marcescens and Salmonella enteritidis. Not only rapidly growing cells, but also slowly growing dense cells of the above bacteria could be lysed by this antibiotic at low concentrations. In the presence of 20% sucrose, low concentrations of MT-141 induced smooth-surfaced single and twin bulges of the putative growth zone of the cells and irregularly orientated rough surfaced bulges. Probably the 7 beta-side chain structure of this antibiotic is involved in its rapid and strong bacteriolytic action. PMID- 3920179 TI - Computer-controlled in-vitro simulation of multiple dosing regimens. AB - The bactericidal effect of gentamicin on Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 was investigated in a computer controlled dynamic in-vitro model, which allows the simultaneous simulation of three different dosing regimens for several days. The same total dose reduced cfu-counts of Pseudomonas aeruginosa most effectively, when administered with peak concentrations of 32 mg/l every 32 h, whereas the other dosing regimens with peak concentrations of 16 mg/l every 16 h and 8 mg/l every 8 h were distinctly less effective following the second and subsequent doses. It was shown that the use of a microcomputer facilitates the in-vitro investigation of multiple dosing regimens but counting of cfu cannot be substituted by automatic measurements of turbidity when rapid bactericidal effects occur. PMID- 3920180 TI - In-vivo assessment of in-vitro killing patterns of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - Time-kill curves of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exposed to gentamicin or ticarcillin in vitro were correlated with time-kill curves obtained with various dosage schedules of the same study drugs in granulocytopenic mice. An instantaneous, fast and drug-dependent killing pattern was found in vitro with gentamicin. This pattern corresponded to bacterial killing in vivo which was clearly dependent on peak drug levels. In contrast, slow bacterial killing with little relationship to concentration was found in vitro with ticarcillin and proved to correlate with an antibacterial effect in vivo seen at trough levels. We conclude that in-vitro time-kill curves of antimicrobial agents may be predictive for optimizing dosage regimens in vivo. PMID- 3920181 TI - Use of an in-vitro kinetic model to study antibiotic combinations. AB - A two compartment pharmacokinetic model was used to study combinations of piperacillin with N-formimidoyl thienamycin or amikacin, and azlocillin with netilmicin against strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antibiotic antagonism seen with in-vitro static tests of piperacillin and thienamycin did not occur with the kinetic model. Piperacillin plus amikacin showed enhanced activity, and azlocillin prevented bacterial regrowth seen with netilmicin alone during multiple dosing experiments at high bacterial inocula. This model is useful in the study of antibiotic combinations. PMID- 3920182 TI - Bactericidal activity of phenoxymethylpenicillin in an in-vitro model simulating tissue kinetics. AB - The antibacterial efficacy of phenoxymethylpenicillin (Pen-V-K) against strains of Staphylococcus aureus was assessed in an in-vitro kinetic model. Simulation was based on human serum levels and tissue water curves obtained after a single oral dose of 392.2 mg of the drug. Differences in bacterial elimination kinetics were noted depending upon the type of curve (serum or tissue water) being simulated. PMID- 3920183 TI - Post-MIC effect of fosfomycin on Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro and in experimentally infected mice. AB - When two strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were subjected in vitro to decreasing fosfomycin concentrations in liquid cultures a half-life dependent delay of regrowth occurred after concentrations had fallen below the MIC (post-MIC effect). There was no post-MIC effect at the short half-lives corresponding to those normally found in mice. However, in similar experiments with surface cultures a post-MIC effect could also be demonstrated at short half-lives. No post-MIC effect, with reference to serum concentrations, could be found in mice infected with the same strains either in a septicaemia or infected thigh model. PMID- 3920184 TI - Effect on growth curve patterns of brief exposure of bacteria to different concentrations of beta-lactam antibiotics. AB - The effect of a brief beta-lactam action on a bacterial culture has been studied by combining the use of a high performance photometer with phase contrast microscopic examination. After exposure of the culture with the antibiotic, the growth curves presented in logn OD have shown the importance of the pre-lytic increase in OD (PIOD). Using Escherichia coli a study of the PIOD values allowed us to separate the beta-lactam antibiotics studied into two groups: those whose PIOD were concentration-dependent (ampicillin, carbenicillin, ticarcillin, moxalactam, ceftazidime, cefsulodin, cefotaxime) and those whose PIOD were concentration-independent (or weakly dependent) (azlocillin, mezlocillin, piperacillin). When the PIOD was independent of the concentrations, long filaments were observed by phase contrast microscopy. Using Pseudomonas aeruginosa, all the antibiotics studied produced PIOD values that were barely dependent of the concentrations, and long filaments were observed by phase contrast microscopy. Study of the lag of regrowth in the post antibiotic period using a beta-lactamase technique showed that, if the PIOD was hardly concentration dependent, so was the lag of regrowth. PMID- 3920185 TI - Differential effects of CO2 and H+ as central stimuli of respiration in the cat. AB - Effects of H+ and CO2 as independent stimuli of central respiratory chemoreceptors were studied in anesthetized cats in which pH and PCO2 on the ventral surface of the medulla (pHe and PeCO2) could be monitored in response to intravenous acid infusion or CO2 inhalation or to a combination of CO2 inhalation and base infusion that allowed PeCO2 to vary at constant pHe. Respiratory responses to these changes were monitored by measuring tidal volume (VT), respiratory frequency (f), and total ventilation. Respiratory acidosis stimulated ventilation by increasing both VT and f. Mild metabolic acidosis (decrease in pHe less than 0.05) exerted similar effects, but more severe metabolic acidosis failed to produce further stimulation. Increasing or decreasing PeCO2 at constant pHe caused pronounced increases or decreases in respiration mediated both by VT and f. For the same change in PeCO2 the respiratory effects were, however, less pronounced when pHe was kept constant than when pHe was allowed to change with PeCO2. The results suggest that both CO2 and H+ exert independent effects on respiration via central chemoreceptors. PMID- 3920186 TI - Microvascular albumin permeability in isolated perfused lung: effects of EDTA. AB - We examined the effects of decreases in perfusate concentrations of calcium and magnesium on the pulmonary vascular permeability in the isolated perfused rabbit lung. The albumin permeability-surface area product (PS) and the albumin reflection coefficient (sigma) were determined in the same lung using 125I- and 131I-labeled albumin tracers. Decreases in vascular Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentrations were induced by adding ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) to the perfusate. Decreases in the concentration of these cations resulted in an increase in the PS from a control value of 1.18 +/- 0.13 X 10(-3) to 7.69 +/- 0.75 X 10(-3) cm3 X min-1 X g wet lung wt-1 and a decrease in the sigma from 0.96 +/- 0.01 to 0.74 +/ 0.02. The decrease in sigma suggests an increase in the calculated equivalent pore radius from 44 to 63 A. The results indicate that Ca2+ and Mg2+ play a role in the maintenance of normal pulmonary vascular permeability to proteins. PMID- 3920187 TI - Gas exchange and hatchability of chicken eggs incubated at simulated high altitude. AB - Chicken eggs laid at sea level were incubated at sea level (control conditions), at a simulated altitude of 5.5 km without any further measures (natural conditions), and at a simulated altitude of 5.7 km at optimal incubator gas composition (optimal conditions). Under optimal conditions the incubator relative humidity was 70% throughout incubation, the gas mixture supplied to the incubator contained 45% O2-55% N2, and the ventilation rate was reduced to 6% of control in order to maintain the normal air-space gas tensions and to compensate for the increased eggshell conductance at altitude. The embryos that developed under control conditions showed a normal CO2 production with 94% hatchability of fertile eggs. Under natural conditions at altitude all embryos died within a few days. Optimal conditions resulted in an almost normal gas exchange and in an improvement of hatchability from 0 to 81% of fertile eggs. PMID- 3920188 TI - Effects of exercise training on coronary transport capacity. AB - Coronary transport capacity was estimated in eight sedentary control and eight exercise-trained anesthetized dogs by determining the differences between base line and the highest coronary blood flow and permeability-surface area product (PS) obtained during maximal adenosine vasodilation with coronary perfusion pressure constant. The anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery was cannulated and pump-perfused under constant-pressure conditions (approximately equal to 100 Torr) while aortic, central venous, and coronary perfusion pressures, heart rate, electrocardiogram, and coronary flow were monitored. Myocardial extraction and PS of 51Cr-labeled ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid were determined with the single-injection indicator-diffusion method. The efficacy of the 16 +/- 1 wk exercise training program was shown by significant increases in the succinate dehydrogenase activities of the gastrocnemius, gluteus medialis, and long head of triceps brachii muscles. There were no differences between control and trained dogs for either resting coronary blood flow or PS. During maximal vasodilation with adenosine, the trained dogs had significantly lower perfusion pressures with constant flow and, with constant-pressure vasodilation, greater coronary blood flow and PS. It is concluded that exercise training in dogs induces an increased coronary transport capacity that includes increases in coronary blood flow capacity (26% of control) and capillary diffusion capacity (82% of control). PMID- 3920189 TI - Ventilation and acid-base balance in awake dogs exposed to heat and CO2. AB - Some awake quiet dogs pant at cool ambient temperature (Ta) and some do not pant even when acutely exposed to heat. The purpose of the study was to determine whether this puzzling variability in respiratory behavior diminished during prolonged heat. The contributions of thermal and CO2 drives to respiratory adaptations were also examined. Five awake dogs acclimated to 20 degrees C were studied before and 2 and 48 h following exposure to 30-31 degrees C. Rectal temperature did not change; the important thermal stimulus, even at 48 h, appeared to be the increase in peripheral temperature. Variability between nonpanting and panting persisted over 48 h. On the average, ventilation (VE) doubled during heat, largely due to increased dead space ventilation. Nonpanting dogs at cool Ta decreased the threshold of the ventilatory response to CO2. A panting dog at cool Ta changed its slope of the ventilatory response from negative to positive. During hypercapnia in acute heat, ventilatory pattern changed so that frequency increased and tidal volume decreased for a given VE. By 48 h of heat, the ventilatory response to CO2 returned to control in only two dogs, but the ventilatory pattern during hypercapnia returned to control in four dogs. Since thermal stimuli remained unchanged at 48 h, adaptations of respiratory control may have been related to progressive adjustments of strong ions and acid-base balance. PMID- 3920190 TI - Prostacyclin synthesis in irradiated endothelial cells cultured from bovine aorta. AB - Confluent monolayers of bovine aortic endothelial cells were examined 2-72 h after exposure to 0.5-5.0 Gy of 60Co gamma-rays. Accumulation of prostacyclin [PGI2, measured as 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha (6-keto-PGF1 alpha)] in the culture media and PGI2 production stimulated by exogenous arachidonate were correlated with cell detachment and release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity. Platelet adherence to irradiated and control monolayers also was studied. There were simultaneous time- and dose-dependent increases in cell detachment and in the titers of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and LDH activity in the culture medium. These changes were evident between 4 and 8 h after 5 Gy or at 24 h after 0.5 Gy. Four hours after 5 Gy, both adherent and detached endothelial cells showed a twofold increase in PGI2 production during a 15-min incubation with arachidonate (10 microM). However, by 72 h this increase was less significant. The accumulation of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha appeared to be related to cell destruction, but radiation also stimulated PGI2 synthesis independent of cell detachment. There was an increased platelet interaction with irradiated monolayers, as a result of platelet adherence to subendothelial matrix exposed after cell detachment. However, irradiation did not alter the nonadherent property of the endothelial cell surface toward platelets. PMID- 3920191 TI - Frequency dependence of CO2 elimination and respiratory resistance in monkeys. AB - In dogs, respiratory system resistance (Rrs) is frequency independent, and during high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFO) the relationship between CO2 elimination (VCO2) and frequency is linear. In contrast, we found in rabbits a large frequency-dependent decrease in Rrs with increasing frequency along with a nonlinear relationship between frequency and VCO2 (J. Appl. Physiol. 57: 354-359, 1984). We proposed that frequency dependent mechanical properties of the lung account for inter-species differences in the frequency dependence of gas exchange during HFO. In the current study we tested this hypothesis further by measuring VCO2 and Rrs as a function of frequency in a species of monkey (Macaca radiata). In these monkeys, Rrs decreased minimally between 4 and 8 Hz and in general increased at higher frequencies, whereas VCO2 was linearly related to frequency. This is further evidence supporting the hypothesis that nonlinear frequency-VCO2 behavior during HFO is related to frequency-dependent behavior in Rrs. PMID- 3920192 TI - Thromboxane synthase inhibition and perinatal pulmonary response to arachidonic acid. AB - Arachidonic acid causes dose-dependent increases in pulmonary vascular resistance in perinatal lambs. The specific metabolites that produce this effect are not known; however, a role for thromboxanes (TX's), potent constrictors of vascular smooth muscle, has been proposed. The effects of a specific inhibitor of TX synthase, OKY-1581, were tested in newborn and ventilated fetal lambs using an in situ pump-perfused lower left lobe preparation. Pulmonary and systemic responses of newborns and ventilated fetuses to infusions of arachidonic acid were evaluated in the presence and absence of OKY-1581. Increases in pulmonary vascular resistance caused by arachidonic acid were diminished by TX synthase inhibition. The degree of systemic hypotension observed with arachidonic acid infusions was significantly greater in animals receiving OKY-1581 than in animals without the inhibitor. The effect of OKY-1581 on periods of hypoxia was also evaluated in newborn lambs. There were no significant differences in the hypoxic pressor response in lambs with and without TX synthase inhibition. These results suggest that OKY-1581 can reduce most of the pulmonary vasoconstriction produced by arachidonic acid in perinatal lambs. PMID- 3920193 TI - Acute inhalation of cigarette smoke augments hypoxic chemosensitivity in humans. AB - Hypoxic and hypercapnic ventilatory responses were measured after two levels of acute inhalation of cigarette smoke, minimum-level nicotine smoke (smoke 1) and nicotine-containing smoke (smoke 2), in 10 normal men. Chemosensitivity to hypoxia and hypercapnia was assessed both in terms of slope factors for ventilation-alveolar PO2 curve (A) and ventilation-alveolar PCO2 line (S) and of absolute levels of minute ventilation (VE) at hypoxia or hypercapnia. Ventilatory response to hypoxia and absolute level of VE at hypoxia significantly increased from 23.5 +/- 22.6 (SD) to 38.6 +/- 31.3 l . min-1 . Torr and from 10.6 +/- 2.5 to 12.6 +/- 3.5 l . min-1, respectively, during inhalation of cigarette smoke 2 (P less than 0.05). Inhalation of cigarette smoke 2 tended to increase the ventilatory response to hypercapnia, and the absolute level of VE at hypercapnia rose from 1.42 +/- 0.75 to 1.65 +/- 0.58 l . min-1 . Torr-1 and from 23.7 +/- 4.9 to 25.5 +/- 5.9 l . min-1, respectively, but these changes did not attain significant levels. Cigarette smoke 2 inhalation induced an increase in heart rate from 64.7 +/- 5.7 to 66.4 +/- 6.3 beats . min-1 (P less than 0.05) during room air breathing, whereas resting ventilation and specific airway conductance did not change significantly. On the other hand, acute inhalation of cigarette smoke 1 changed none of these variables. These results indicate that hypoxic chemosensitivity is augmented after cigarette smoke and that nicotine is presumed to act on peripheral chemoreceptors. PMID- 3920194 TI - Arterial CO2 partial pressure affects diaphragmatic function. AB - The purpose of this study was to examine in an in vivo preparation acute variations of PCO2 on diaphragmatic contractility. Plaster casts were snugly fit around the abdomen of six open-chested dogs, moving the abdominal contents rostrally. Diaphragmatic contractions against this very fixed load in response to phrenic nerve stimulation (supramaximal voltage at 1, 20, 50, and 80 Hz) or during spontaneous inspiratory efforts were virtually isometric (quasi isometric). Transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi) measured by an abdominal balloon was used as an index of diaphragmatic contractility. Arterial PCO2 (PaCO2) was reduced by hyperventilation and raised by increasing PICO2. Pdi values in response to stimulation at 1, 20, 50, and 80 Hz in ranges I (PaCO2 = 0-19 Torr) and II (PaCO2 = 20-34 Torr) did not differ statistically from the control Pdi values (range III; PaCO2 = 35-45 Torr). In range IV (PaCO2 = 46-70 Torr) Pdi values for stimulations of 20, 50, and 80 Hz were significantly lower than control. In range V (PaCO2 = 71-90 Torr), VI (PaCO2 = 91-101 Torr), and VII (PaCO2 greater than or equal to 102 Torr) Pdi values were significantly less than those in range IV at all frequencies of stimulation. In the four dogs measured during spontaneous inspiratory efforts the integrated diaphragmatic electromyogram (Edi) was correlated with the Pdi. As PaCO2 rose (range III to VII), the Pdi values observed at 25, 50, 75, 100% of the maximum Edi (of range III) were significantly lower than the Pdi value of range III.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3920195 TI - Disappearance of organochlorine residues from abdominal and egg fats of chickens, Ontario, Canada, 1969-1982. AB - Abdominal fats were collected from 8-week old broilers slaughtered at provincially inspected abattoirs across Ontario between 1969 and 1982. Domestically produced hen eggs were collected from either egg grading stations or producers over the same period. Composite samples were analyzed for organochlorine insecticides and industrial chemicals. Between 1979 and 1982, organophosphorus insecticides were routinely included in these analyses. Sigma DDT and PCB residues declined rapidly between 1969 and 1982 in extractable lipids of both abdominal and egg fats, while dieldrin declined less markedly over the same period. Declines in residues followed first order logarithmic regression equations. Chlordane and heptachlor epoxide were rarely observed above the detection limit of 1 microgram/kg in egg fat; however, the incidence of these residues in abdominal fat increased after 1973 following the removal of aldrin, dieldrin, and heptachlor in 1969 and the subsequent increased use of chlordane for soil insect control until 1977. Lindane residues were rarely observed above the detection limit. In 1979, when the detection limit was reduced, both alpha BHC and lindane were identified, but at levels below 1 microgram/kg. Endosulfan, methoxychlor, and fenthion were identified on one or 2 occasions over the 13-year period. PMID- 3920196 TI - Determination of aflatoxins in vegetable oils. AB - A simple method is proposed for determination of aflatoxins in vegetable oils. The method was successfully applied to both crude and degummed oils. The oil sample, dissolved in hexane, was applied to a silica column and washed with ether, toluene, and chloroform; aflatoxins were eluted from the column with chloroform-methanol (97 + 3). As quantitated by thin layer chromatography and liquid chromatography, the oils analyzed contained aflatoxin B1 at levels of 5 200 micrograms/kg. Recoveries of aflatoxin B1 standards added to aflatoxin-free oils were between 89.5 and 93.5%, with coefficients of variation of 6.3-8.0%. PMID- 3920197 TI - Physical mapping of a 330 X 10(3)-base-pair region of the Myxococcus xanthus chromosome that is preferentially labeled during spore germination. AB - Myxococcus xanthus was pulse-labeled with [3H]thymidine immediately after germination of dimethyl sulfoxide-induced spores. The restriction enzyme digests of the total chromosomal DNA from the pulse-labeled cells were analyzed by one dimensional as well as two-dimensional agarose gel electrophoresis. Four PstI fragments preferentially labeled at a very early stage of germination were cloned into the unique PstI site of pBR322. By using these clones as probes, a restriction enzyme map was established covering approximately 6% of the total M. xanthus genome (330 X 10(3) base pairs). The distribution of the specific activities of the restriction fragments pulse-labeled after germination suggests a bidirectional mode of DNA replication from a fixed origin. PMID- 3920198 TI - Identification of multiple cell surface antigens associated with the sex pheromone response of Streptococcus faecalis. AB - High-molecular-weight surface antigens, obtained by ammonium sulfate precipitation of culture supernatants and identified in Western blots of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels, have been correlated with the sex pheromone response of Streptococcus faecalis donor cells. Pheromone-induced cells carrying the conjugative plasmid pCF10 produced both an antigenic component (C130) composed of at least four bands in the range of 130 kilodaltons and a 73 kilodalton antigen (SA 73). The concentration of the C130 antigen in culture supernatants increased with time after exposure of donor cells to pheromone preparations. Gel filtration studies indicated that this antigen exists in the native state as a very large complex that is more than 180,000 daltons in size. The C130 antigen was susceptible to digestion by proteinase K and was not reactive with either concanavalin A or wheat germ agglutinin. The antigenicity of C130 was not destroyed by treatment of blots with trypsin, chymotrypsin, or papain before development with antibody, whereas the antigenicity of SA73 was susceptible to these treatments. PMID- 3920199 TI - Identity of Escherichia coli D-1-amino-2-propanol:NAD+ oxidoreductase with E. coli glycerol dehydrogenase but not with Neisseria gonorrhoeae 1,2 propanediol:NAD+ oxidoreductase. AB - The properties of D-1-amino-2-propanol oxidoreductase from wild-type Escherichia coli have been compared with those of a glycerol dehydrogenase from mutant E. coli 424 and of a 1,2-propanediol oxidoreductase from Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Several independent lines of evidence indicate that the former two enzymes are identical. (i) Both enzymatic activities purified to virtual homogeneity in an identical manner, and the ratio of specific activities (glycerol/aminopropanol) remained constant at all stages. (ii) When electrophoresed, both purified enzymes showed a major as well as a minor band of protein coincident with activity, and these two bands from each enzyme had the same mobility. (iii) The subunit molecular weights and isoelectric points were identical for each enzyme, and (iv) kinetic constants (Km and Vmax values) determined with three different substrates were the same. The somewhat greater stability of the glycerol dehydrogenase to controlled heat denaturation at 74 degrees C was the only difference observed between these two enzymes. In contrast, D-1-amino-2-propanol oxidoreductase was found to be immunochemically and kinetically distinct from the 1,2-propanediol oxidoreductase from N. gonorrhoeae. PMID- 3920200 TI - Transcription and translation of foreign genes in Bacillus subtilis by the aid of a secretion vector. AB - Expression levels of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens alpha-amylase, Escherichia coli TEM-beta-lactamase, and Semliki Forest virus glycoprotein E1 genes were compared in Bacillus subtilis. All three model genes were expressed by using a secretion vector, constructed by joining the B. amyloliquefaciens alpha-amylase promoter and signal sequence with plasmid pUB110 (I. Palva, M. Sarvas, P. Lehtovaara, M. Sibakov, and L.Kaariainen, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 79:5582-5586, 1982). When transformed B. subtilis cells were grown to early stationary phase, the amount of beta-lactamase in the culture medium was ca. 10% and that of E1 was ca. 0.01% of the amount of alpha-amylase. The amounts of specific, full-length transcripts of the cloned genes were estimated by Northern blot hybridization to be roughly equal. The half-lives of these transcripts in B. subtilis were also similar. Pulse-chase experiments with [35S]methionine showed that alpha-amylase and beta-lactamase were translated and secreted at comparable rates but that beta lactamase was degraded during the chase periods. In transformed minicells from B. subtilis, the products of alpha-amylase, beta-lactamase, and E1 genes accumulated at similar rates. We conclude that the expression of the three genes cloned in the secretion vector was similar at the levels of transcription and translation in B. subtilis. In the case of beta-lactamase, the low-yield could be explained by proteolytic degradation of the secreted product by B. subtilis exoproteases, whereas with E1 we could not determine whether the low yield was due to proteolytic degradation, inefficient secretion, or both. PMID- 3920201 TI - Induction of superoxide dismutases in Escherichia coli B by metal chelators. AB - The effects of metal salts, chelating agents, and paraquat on the superoxide dismutases (SODs) of Escherichia coli B were explored. Mn(II) increased manganese containing SOD (MnSOD), whereas Fe(II) increased iron-containing SOD (FeSOD). Chelating agents induced MnSOD but decreased FeSOD and markedly increased the degree of induction seen with Mn(II). Paraquat also exerted a synergistic effect with Mn(II). High levels of MnSOD were achieved in the combined presence of Mn(II), chelating agent, and paraquat. All of these effects were dependent on the presence of oxygen. MnSOD, not ordinarily present in anaerobically grown E. coli cells, was present when the cells were grown anaerobically in the presence of chelating agents. These results are accommodated by a scheme which incorporates autogenous repression by the apoSODs and competition between Fe(II) and Mn(II) for the metal-binding sites of the apoSODs. It is further supposed that oxygenation and intracellular O2- production favor MnSOD production because O2- oxidizes Mn(II) to Mn(III), which competes favorably with Fe(II) for the apoSODs. PMID- 3920202 TI - Mechanisms of iron regulation of luminescence in Vibrio fischeri. AB - Synthesis of luciferase (an autoinducible enzyme) is repressed by iron in the symbiotic bioluminescent bacterium Vibrio fischeri. Possible mechanisms of iron regulation of luciferase synthesis were tested with V. fischeri and with Escherichia coli clones containing plasmids carrying V. fischeri luminescence genes. Experiments were conducted in complete medium with and without the synthetic iron chelator ethylenediamine-di(o-hydroxyphenyl acetic acid). Comparison of the effect of ethylenediamine-di(o-hydroxyphenyl acetic acid) and another growth inhibitor, (2-n-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline-N-oxide), showed that iron repression is not due to inhibition of growth. A quantitative bioassay for autoinducer was developed with E. coli HB101 containing pJE411, a plasmid carrying V. fischeri luminescence genes with a transcriptional fusion between luxI and E. coli lacZ. Bioassay experiments showed no effect of iron on either autoinducer activity or production (before induction) or transcription of the lux operon. Ethylenediamine-di(o-hydroxyphenyl acetic acid) did not affect luciferase induction in E. coli strains with wild-type iron assimilation (ED8654) or impaired iron assimilation (RW193) bearing pJE202 (a plasmid with functional V. fischeri lux genes), suggesting that the genes responsible for the iron effect are missing or substituted in these clones. Two models are consistent with the data: (i) iron represses autoinducer transport, and (ii) iron acts through an autoinduction-independent regulatory system (e.g., an iron repressor). PMID- 3920203 TI - Lactose metabolism in Streptococcus lactis: studies with a mutant lacking glucokinase and mannose-phosphotransferase activities. AB - A mutant of Streptococcus lactis 133 has been isolated that lacks both glucokinase and phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent mannose-phosphotransferase (mannose PTS) activities. The double mutant S. lactis 133 mannose-PTSd GK- is unable to utilize either exogenously supplied or intracellularly generated glucose for growth. Fluorographic analyses of metabolites formed during the metabolism of [14C]lactose labeled specifically in the glucose or galactosyl moiety established that the cells were unable to phosphorylate intracellular glucose. However, cells of S. lactis 133 mannose-PTSd GK- readily metabolized intracellular glucose 6 phosphate, and the growth rates and cell yield of the mutant and parental strains on sucrose were the same. During growth on lactose, S. lactis 133 mannose-PTSd GK fermented only the galactose moiety of the disaccharide, and 1 mol of glucose was generated per mol of lactose consumed. For an equivalent concentration of lactose, the cell yield of the mutant was 50% that of the wild type. The specific rate of lactose utilization by growing cells of S. lactis 133 mannose-PTSd GK- was ca. 50% greater than that of the wild type, but the cell doubling times were 70 and 47 min, respectively. High-resolution 31P nuclear magnetic resonance studies of lactose transport by starved cells of S. lactis 133 and S. lactis 133 mannose-PTSd GK- showed that the latter cells contained elevated lactose-PTS activity. Throughout exponential growth on lactose, the mutant maintained an intracellular steady-state glucose concentration of 100 mM. We conclude from our data that phosphorylation of glucose by S. lactis 133 can be mediated by only two mechanisms: (i) via ATP-dependent glucokinase, and (ii) by the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent mannose-PTS system. PMID- 3920204 TI - Intracellular phosphorylation of glucose analogs via the phosphoenolpyruvate: mannose-phosphotransferase system in Streptococcus lactis. AB - The bacterial phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar-phosphotransferase system (PTS) mediates the vectorial translocation and concomitant phosphorylation of sugars. The question arises of whether the PTS can also mediate the phosphorylation of intracellular sugars. To investigate this possibility in Streptococcus lactis 133, lactose derivatives have been prepared containing 14C-labeled 2-deoxy glucose (2DG), 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-glucose (2FG), or alpha-methylglucoside as the aglycon substituent of the disaccharide. Two of the compounds, beta-O-D galactopyranosyl-(1,4')-2'-deoxy-D-glucopyranose (2'D-lactose) and beta-O-D galactopyranosyl-(1,4')-2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-D-glucopyranose (2'F-lactose), were high-affinity substrates of the lactose-PTS. After translocation, the radiolabeled 2'F-lactose 6-phosphate (2'F-lactose-6P) and 2'D-lactose-6P derivatives were hydrolyzed by P-beta-galactoside-galactohydrolase to galactose 6P and either [14C]2FG or [14C]2DG, respectively. Thereafter, the glucose analogs appeared in the medium, but the rates of sugar exit from mannose-PTS-defective mutants were greater than those determined in the parent strain. Unexpectedly, the results of kinetic studies and quantitative analyses of intracellular products in S. lactis 133 showed that initially (and before exit) the glucose analogs existed primarily in phosphorylated form. Furthermore, the production of intracellular [14C]2FG-6P and [14C]2DG-6P (during uptake of the lactose analogs) continued when the possibility for reentry of [14C]2FG and 2DG was precluded by addition of mannose-PTS inhibitors (N-acetylglucosamine or N-acetylmannosamine) to the medium. By contrast, (i) only [14C]2DG, [14C]2FG, and trace amounts of [14C]2FG-6P were found in cells of a mannose-PTS-defective mutant, and (ii) only [14C]2FG and [14C]2DG were present in cells of a double mutant lacking both mannose-PTS and glucokinase activities. We conclude from these data that the mannose-PTS can effect the intracellular phosphorylation of glucose and its analogs in S. lactis 133. PMID- 3920205 TI - Lactose metabolism in Erwinia chrysanthemi. AB - Wild-type strains of the phytopathogenic enterobacterium Erwinia chrysanthemi are unable to use lactose as a carbon source for growth although they possess a beta galactosidase activity. Lactose-fermenting derivatives from some wild types, however, can be obtained spontaneously at a frequency of about 5 X 10(-7). All Lac+ derivatives isolated had acquired a constitutive lactose transport system and most contained an inducible beta-galactosidase. The transport system, product of the lmrT gene, mediates uptake of lactose in the Lac+ derivatives and also appears to be able to mediate uptake of melibiose, raffinose, and galactose. Two genes encoding beta-galactosidase enzymes were detected in E. chrysanthemi strains. That mainly expressed in the wild-type strains was the lacZ product. The other, the lacB product, is very weakly expressed in these strains. These enzymes showed different affinities for the substrates o-nitrophenyl-beta-D galactopyranoside and lactose and for the inhibitors isopropyl-beta-D thiogalactopyranoside and galactose. The lmrT and lacZ genes of E. chrysanthemi, together with the lacI gene coding for the regulatory protein controlling lacZ expression, were cloned by using an RP4::miniMu vector. When these plasmids were transferred into Lac- Escherichia coli strains, their expression was similar to that in E. chrysanthemi. The cloning of the lmrT gene alone suggested that the lacZ or lacB gene is not linked to the lmrT gene on the E. chrysanthemi chromosome. One Lac+ E. chrysanthemi derivative showed a constitutive synthesis of the beta-galactosidase encoded by the lacB gene. This mutation was dominant toward the lacI lacZ cloned genes. Besides these mutations affecting the regulation of the lmrT or lacB gene, the isolation of structural mutants unable to grow on lactose was achieved by mutagenic treatment. These mutants showed no expression of the lactose transport system, the lmrT mutants, or the mainly expressed beta-galactosidase, lacZ mutants. The lacZ mutants retained a very low beta-galactosidase level, due to the lacB product, but this level was low enough to permit use of the lacZ mutants for the construction of gene fusions with the Escherichia coli lac genes. PMID- 3920206 TI - Possible involvement of lipoic acid in binding protein-dependent transport systems in Escherichia coli. AB - We describe the properties of the binding protein dependent-transport of ribose, galactose, and maltose and of the lactose permease, and the phosphoenolpyruvate glucose phosphotransferase transport systems in a strain of Escherichia coli which is deficient in the synthesis of lipoic acid, a cofactor involved in alpha keto acid dehydrogenation. Such a strain can grow in the absence of lipoic acid in minimal medium supplemented with acetate and succinate. Although the lactose permease and the phosphoenolypyruvate-glucose phosphotransferase are not affected by lipoic acid deprivation, the binding protein-dependent transports are reduced by 70% in conditions of lipoic acid deprivation when compared with their activity in conditions of lipoic acid supply. The remaining transport is not affected by arsenate but is inhibited by the uncoupler carbonylcyanide-m chlorophenylhydrazone; however the lipoic acid-dependent transport is completely inhibited by arsenate and only weakly inhibited by carbonylcyanide-m chlorophenylhydrazone. The known inhibitor of alpha-keto acid dehydrogenases, 5 methoxyindole-2-carboxylic acid, completely inhibits all binding protein dependent transports whether in conditions of lipoic supply or deprivation; the results suggest a possible relation between binding protein-dependent transport and alpha-keto acid dehydrogenases and shed light on the inhibition of these transports by arsenicals and uncouplers. PMID- 3920207 TI - Use of transcriptional repressors to stabilize plasmid copy number of transcriptional fusion vectors. AB - Strong promoters cloned into transcriptional fusion vectors can adversely affect plasmid copy number. In this study, we investigated the use of transcriptional repressors, lacI and tetR, to stabilize the copy number of plasmids containing the lacUV5 and tetA promoters, respectively. Repression of these promoters was found to prevent plasmid copy number variation. Transcriptional strength of these promoters, when cloned into transcriptional fusion vectors, was determined by measuring the rate of synthesis after derepression with inducer. By using this approach, promoter strength can be accurately measured in vivo, without the need to compensate for copy number variation. PMID- 3920208 TI - Phosphoglycerides and phospholipase C in membrane fractions of Escherichia coli B. AB - The phospholipid composition and the phospholipase C activity of envelope fractions of Escherichia coli B were determined with special consideration of fractions containing sites at which an attachment of inner and outer membranes had been observed in the electron microscope (Int.M). Phosphoglycerides labeled with [14C]palmitic acid and [3H]serine were extracted from membrane fractions and identified by two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography. The amount of phosphatidylethanolamine was highest in the outer membrane, whereas the amounts of phosphatidylglycerol and cardiolipin were highest in the inner membrane. The Int.M fractions were observed to have concentrations of phospholipids intermediate to those of the inner and outer membranes. This result supports the assumption that a concentration gradient of inner membrane-outer membrane lipids might exist at the membrane contact sites. The highest phospholipase C activity was detected in the inner membrane and Int.M fractions. The presence of phospholipase C and other lipolytic enzymes in the Int.M fractions suggests a possible involvement of adhesion sites in lipid metabolism, adding a further set of activities to the function of these domains. PMID- 3920209 TI - Transformation and fusion of Streptococcus faecalis protoplasts. AB - Nonconjugative plasmids were transferred by protoplast fusion among Streptococcus faecalis strains and from Streptococcus sanguis to S. faecalis. S. faecalis protoplasts were also transformed with several different plasmids, including the Tn917 delivery vehicle pTV1. Transformation was reproducible, but low in frequency (10(-6) transformants per viable protoplast). A new shuttle vector (pAM610), able to replicate in Escherichia coli and S. faecalis, was constructed and transformed into S. faecalis protoplasts. pAM610 was mobilized by the conjugative plasmid pAM beta 1 in matings among S. faecalis strains and from S. sanguis to S. faecalis. Chimeric derivatives of pAM610 were also transformed into S. faecalis. PMID- 3920210 TI - Rapid improvement of delusional depression following drug-induced seizures: case report. AB - A woman with a prolonged unipolar delusional depressive episode, unresponsive to antidepressant treatment, experienced rapid improvement of depressive and psychotic symptoms following the occurrence of two grand mal seizures. PMID- 3920211 TI - Chemical characterization of protein-protein interactions between cytochrome P 450 and cytochrome b5. AB - Native cytochrome b5 interacts with either RLM5 or LM2 to form tight equimolar complexes (Kd = 250 and 540 nM, respectively) in which the content of high spin cytochrome P-450 was substantially increased. Cytochrome b5 caused 3- and 7-fold increases in the binding affinities of RLM5 and LM2 for benzphetamine, respectively, and benzphetamine decreased the apparent Kd for cytochrome b5 binding. Upon formation of the ternary complex between cytochromes P-450, b5, and benzphetamine the percentage of cytochrome P-450 in the high spin state was increased from 28 to 74 (RLM5) and from 9 to 85 (LM2). Cytochrome b5 caused 13- and 7-fold increases in the rate of RLM5- and LM2-dependent p-nitroanisole demethylation, respectively. Amino-modified (ethyl acetimidate or acetic anhydride) cytochrome b5 produced results similar to those obtained above with native cytochrome b5. In contrast, modification of as few as 5 mol of carboxyl groups/mol of amidinated cytochrome b5 resulted in both a substantial loss of the spectrally observed interactions with either cytochrome P-450 LM2 or cytochrome P 450 RLM5, and in a loss of the cytochrome b5-mediated stimulation of p nitroanisole demethylation catalyzed by either monooxygenase. In further studies, native and fully acetylated cytochromes b5 reoxidized carbonmonoxy ferrous LM2 at least 20 times faster than amidinated, carboxyl-modified cytochrome b5 derivatives. In contrast, amidination, or acetylation of amino groups, or amidination of amino groups plus methylamidination of the carboxyl groups did not appreciably slow the rate of reduction of the cytochrome b5 by NADPH-cytochrome P 450 reductase. Collectively, the results provide strong evidence for an essential role of cytochrome b5 carboxyl groups in functional interactions with RLM5 and LM2. PMID- 3920212 TI - Phosphorylation of tubulin and microtubule-associated proteins by the purified insulin receptor kinase. AB - The purified insulin receptor kinase catalyzed the phosphorylation of native tubulin and microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs; MAP2, tau) on tyrosine residues. Insulin (10(-7) M) stimulated the reaction by 4-10-fold by increasing Vmax with little change in Km. alpha-Tubulin was preferred as a substrate for the kinase compared to beta-tubulin. MAP2 was found to be the best substrate among the cytoskeletal proteins tested; in the presence of insulin, the Vmax for MAP2 was 6.3 nmol/min/mg, its Km was 5.1 microM, and 1.7 mol of phosphate were incorporated per mol of MAP2. Under the same conditions used for this phosphorylation of tubulin and MAPs, actin and tropomyosin were very poorly phosphorylated. These data, coupled with previous evidence for potential functional relationships between insulin action and microtubules, raise the possibility that microtubule proteins may be cellular targets for the insulin receptor kinase. PMID- 3920214 TI - De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis in isolated rat hepatocytes. Quantitative aspects of the regulation by UTP. AB - Quantitative aspects of de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis in rat hepatocytes were monitored. A reduction of intracellular UTP contents by different concentrations of D-galactosamine led to a dose-dependent increase of 14CO2 incorporation into the sum of all acid-soluble uracil nucleotides. In controls the rate of de novo synthesis which was calculated from the incorporation rate of 14CO2 into the sum of all acid-soluble uracil nucleotides was 0.014 mumol X h-1 X g-1 compared to 0.056 mumol X h-1 X g-1 wet weight of liver in situations of a maximally stimulated de novo synthesis. Incubation of hepatocytes with uridine led to a dose-dependent reduction of 14CO2 incorporation to less than 25% of the amount incorporated in the controls. Alterations of the CTP content had no influence on the 14CO2 incorporation. In the presence of high D-galactosamine concentrations the increase of the total amount of acid-soluble uracil nucleotides exceeded the rate of the de novo synthesis derived from the incorporation of 14CO2 into the sum of the acid-soluble uracil nucleotide pool. It was also greater than the increase of the total amount of intra- and extracellular orotate after acidic hydrolysis--even in the presence of 6-azauridine, which stimulated de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis by itself. PMID- 3920213 TI - Polylactosamine glycosylation on human fetal placental fibronectin weakens the binding affinity of fibronectin to gelatin. AB - Gelatin-binding chymotryptic fragments from placental fibronectin contain polylactosamine carbohydrates (Zhu, B.C.R., Fisher, S.R., Pande, H., Calaycay, J. Shively, J.E., and Laine, R.A. (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 3962-3970). We have separated polylactosamine-containing gelatin-binding fragments of placental fibronectin from their counterparts containing smaller "complex" N-linked saccharides using Sephadex G-200 gel permeation chromatography. The peptide portions of both fragments have similar amino acid composition and N-terminal sequence (see reference above). The strength of binding of these two glycosylation types of chymotryptic fragments to gelatin differs as shown by the following experiments. 1) Upon urea gradient elution of affinity-bound fibronectin fragments from gelatin-Sepharose chromatography, the apex of the elution peak for polylactosamine-containing fragments occurs at 2.0 M urea while the peak for complex N-linked carbohydrate-containing fragments maximized at 2.5 M urea indicating a tighter binding. Removal of polylactosamine sequences from the former glycopeptide by endo-beta-galactosidase digestion caused the elution peak for this fraction to change from 2.0 to 2.5 M, the same as for the complex N linked carbohydrate-containing glycopeptide. 2) Competitive displacement experiments give an apparent dissociation constant of polylactosamine-containing fragments at 3 X 10(-9) M whereas this constant for complex carbohydrate containing fragments is 1 X 10(-9) M. These results indicate that the binding of placental fibronectin to gelatin is weakened by the presence of high molecular weight polylactosamine carbohydrate. To our knowledge this is the first report that the type and extent of glycosylation of a glycoprotein can affect its binding affinity to a proteinacious ligand. Thus, fetal placental fibronectin may have different biological properties than fibronectins containing only the smaller N-linked complex carbohydrate. PMID- 3920215 TI - The G-protein of retinal rod outer segments (transducin). Mechanism of interaction with rhodopsin and nucleotides. AB - The mechanism of interaction of the G-protein of retinal rods with rhodopsin and with nucleotides has been investigated using two independent techniques, light scattering and direct binding measurements with labeled nucleotides. Binding of photoexcited rhodopsin (R*) and nucleotides are shown to be antagonist, and three conformations of the G-protein are described, each of which is proposed to be related to a different level of light-scattering, as follows: (a) the "dark" state, stable in the absence of photoexcited rhodopsin, in which the nucleotide site is poorly accessible and has a high affinity (dissociation constants, 0.1 microM for GDP and 0.01 microM for GppNHp); (b) the R*-bound state in which the nucleotide site is rapidly accessible with a lower affinity (dissociation constants, about 20 microM for GDP and GTP; 20-100 microM for GppNHp). Binding of R* to the G-protein therefore enables rapid binding or exchange of the nucleotide; this in turn reduces the affinity of the G-protein for R* (dissociation constants, 0.2 microM for G-protein with GDP bound and 2-10 microM for G-protein with GppNHp bound, compared to 1 nM in absence of bound nucleotide); and (c) the third state, the activator of the phosphodiesterase. In the presence of GTP, an additional irreversible and fast step, which is proposed to be the dissociation of alpha-GTP from beta gamma, is shown to occur; a steady state equilibrium is obtained, and the dissociation constant measured between GTP and this third state of the G-protein in the presence of R* is an apparent constant which depends on the rate of transconformation between the first two states and on the rate of GTP hydrolysis. The minimum value of this apparent dissociation constant for GTP (0.05-0.1 (microM) is obtained at high levels of illumination. Finally, some results (number of nucleotide sites and saturation of the rate of the light-scattering signal) suggest an oligomeric association of the G-protein. PMID- 3920216 TI - Binding and activation of plasminogen on the platelet surface. AB - A mechanism by which platelets might participate in fibrinolysis by binding plasminogen and influencing its activation has been examined. Binding of radioiodinated human Glu-plasminogen to washed human platelets was time-dependent and was enhanced 3-9-fold by stimulation of platelets with thrombin but not with ADP. The interaction with both stimulated and unstimulated cells was specific, saturable, divalent ion-independent, and reversible. The platelet-bound ligand had the molecular weight of plasminogen, and no conversion to plasmin was detected. Scatchard analyses provided evidence for a single class of plasminogen binding sites on both stimulated and unstimulated cells. The Kd for thrombin stimulated platelets was 2.6 +/- 1.3 microM, and 190,000 +/- 45,000 molecules were bound per cell, whereas unstimulated platelets bound 37,000 +/- 10,500 molecules/cell with a Kd of 1.9 +/- 0.15 microM. Plasminogen binding was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by omega-aminocarboxylic acids at concentrations consistent with a requirement for an unoccupied high affinity lysine-binding site for plasminogen binding to the cells. When platelet-bound plasminogen was incubated with tissue plasminogen activator, urokinase, or streptokinase, gel analysis established that plasmin was preferentially associated with the platelet relative to the supernatant. Plasminogen and plasmin interacted with thrombin-stimulated platelets with similar binding characteristics, and there was no evidence for a binding site for plasmin which did not also bind plasminogen. Therefore, the results suggest that plasminogen activation is enhanced on the cell surface. In sum, these results indicate that platelets bind plasminogen at physiologic zymogen concentrations and this interaction may serve to localize and promote plasminogen activation. PMID- 3920217 TI - Purine nucleoside phosphorylase of the malarial parasite, Plasmodium lophurae. AB - Purine nucleoside phosphorylase (EC 2.4.2.1, purine nucleoside:orthophosphate ribosyltransferase) was purified and characterized from the malarial parasite, Plasmodium lophurae, using a chromatofocusing (Pharmacia) column and a formycin B affinity column. The apparent isoelectric point of the native protein, as determined by chromatofocusing, was 6.80. By gel filtration and both native and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the native enzyme appeared to be a pentamer with a native molecular weight of 125,300 and a subunit molecular weight of 23,900. The enzyme had a broad pH optimum, pH 5.5-7.5, with maximum activity at pH 6.0-6.5. The enzyme reaction was readily reversible with a Km for inosine of 33 microM and a Km for hypoxanthine of 82 microM. Thioinosine, guanosine, and guanine were also substrates for the plasmodial enzyme, but allopurinol and adenine were not. The parasite enzyme was competitively inhibited by formycin B (Ki = 0.39 microM). Formycin A, azaguanine, and 8-aminoguanosine were not inhibitors of the enzyme. PMID- 3920218 TI - The interaction of plasma fibronectin with fibroblastic cells in suspension. AB - We have examined the interaction of soluble plasma [3H]fibronectin with fibroblastic cells in suspension. Fibronectin labeled by reductive methylation binds to baby hamster kidney cells in serum-free medium in a time-dependent manner at 4, 22, and 37 degrees C, with half-maximal binding occurring in 12-15 min at 22 degrees C. The binding is saturable and reversible. At least 90% of the cell-associated fibronectin is external to the plasma membrane, as judged by trypsin susceptibility of the bound radioactivity. Scatchard analysis of the concentration dependence of binding indicates the presence of a single class of binding sites, even at low input concentrations of fibronectin. There are approximately 5 +/- 1 X 10(5) sites/cell with an apparent dissociation constant of 8.0 +/- 0.5 X 10(-7) M; thus, the binding of soluble fibronectin to these cells is of moderate affinity. This putative fibroblast fibronectin receptor is resistant to trypsin in the presence of physiological concentrations of divalent cations but is susceptible to trypsin in the presence of 5 mM EDTA. Binding of 0.1 mg/ml [3H]fibronectin is 60-80% inhibited by 8 mg/ml unlabeled fibronectin and 95% inhibited by 1 mg/ml purified 75-kDa fibronectin cell-binding domain, but is unaffected by 1 mg/ml 44-kDa collagen-binding domain or 5 mg/ml ovalbumin. The binding parameters determined in this study further define the fibroblast cell surface fibronectin receptor. PMID- 3920220 TI - Crisis, challenge, and credibility. PMID- 3920219 TI - Characterization and separation of the arachidonic acid 5-lipoxygenase and linoleic acid omega-6 lipoxygenase (arachidonic acid 15-lipoxygenase) of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. AB - The cytosolic fraction of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes precipitated with 60% ammonium sulfate produced 5-lipoxygenase products from [14C]arachidonic acid and omega-6 lipoxygenase products from both [14C]linoleic acid and, to a lesser extent, [14C]- and [3H]arachidonic acid. The arachidonyl 5-lipoxygenase products 5-hydroperoxy-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (5-HPETE) and 5-hydroxy-6,8,11,14 eicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE) derived from [14C]arachidonic acid, and the omega 6 lipoxygenase products 13-hydroperoxy-9,11-octadecadienoic acid (13-OOH linoleic acid) and 13-hydroxy-9,11-octadecadienoic acid (13-OH linoleic acid) derived from [14C]linoleic acid and 15-hydroxyperoxy-5,8,11,13-eicosatetraenoic acid (15 HPETE), and 15-hydroxy-5,8,11,13-eicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE) derived from [14C]- and [3H]arachidonic acid were identified by TLC-autoradiography and by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Products were quantitated by counting samples that had been scraped from replicate TLC plates and by determination of the integrated optical density during RP-HPLC. The arachidonyl 5-lipoxygenase had a pH optimum of 7.5 and was 50% maximally active at a Ca2+ concentration of 0.05 mM; the Km for production of 5-HPETE/5-HETE from arachidonic acid was 12.2 +/- 4.5 microM (mean +/- S.D., n = 3), and the Vmax was 2.8 +/- 0.9 nmol/min X mg protein (mean +/- S.D., n = 3). The omega-6 linoleic lipoxygenase had a pH optimum of 6.5 and was 50% maximally active at a Ca2+ concentration of 0.1 mM in the presence of 5 mM EGTA. When the arachidonyl 5 lipoxygenase and the omega-6 lipoxygenase were separated by DEAE-Sephadex ion exchange chromatography, the omega-6 lipoxygenase exhibited a Km of 77.2 microM and a Vmax of 9.5 nmol/min X mg protein (mean, n = 2) for conversion of linoleic acid to 13-OOH/13-OH linoleic acid and a Km of 63.1 microM and a Vmax of 5.3 nmol/min X mg protein (mean, n = 2) for formation of 15-HPETE/15-HETE from arachidonic acid. PMID- 3920221 TI - Iatrogenic bronchopleural fistula caused by feeding tube insertion. AB - Nutritional supplements administered through flexible small caliber feeding tubes are an increasingly popular substitute for parenteral hyperalimentation. Small and large caliber nasogastric tubes can inadvertently pass into the tracheobronchial tree, even in the presence of an endotracheal tube with an inflated cuff. We report three patients who had small caliber feeding tubes passed through the tracheobronchial tree perforating into the pleural space. Potential complications include immediate or delayed pneumothorax, tension pneumothorax, hydropneumothorax, and empyema. Prompt post-insertion chest radiography is required to verify correct placement of small caliber feeding tubes. PMID- 3920222 TI - Platelet-derived growth factor-induced alterations in vinculin and actin distribution in BALB/c-3T3 cells. AB - Exposure of BALB/c-3T3 cells (clone A31) to platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) results in a rapid time- and dose-dependent alteration in the distribution of vinculin and actin. PDGF treatment (6-50 ng/ml) causes vinculin to disappear from adhesion plaques (within 2.5 min after PDGF exposure) and is followed by an accumulation of vinculin in punctate spots in the perinuclear region of the cell. This alteration in vinculin distribution is followed by a disruption of actin containing stress fibers (within 5 to 10 min after PDGF exposure). Vinculin reappears in adhesion plaques by 60 min after PDGF addition while stress fiber staining is nondetectable at this time. PDGF treatment had no effect on talin, vimentin, or microtubule distribution in BALB/c-3T3 cells; in addition, exposure of cells to 5% platelet-poor plasma (PPP), 0.1% PPP, 30 ng/ml epidermal growth factor (EGF), 30 ng/ml somatomedin C, or 10 microM insulin also had no effect on vinculin or actin distribution. Other competence-inducing factors (fibroblast growth factor, calcium phosphate, and choleragen) and tumor growth factor produced similar alterations in vinculin and actin distribution as did PDGF, though not to the same extent. PDGF treatment of cells for 60 min followed by exposure to EGF (0.1-30 ng/ml for as long as 8 h after PDGF removal), or 5% PPP resulted in the nontransient disappearance of vinculin staining within 10 min after EGF or PPP additions; PDGF followed by 0.1% PPP or 10 microM insulin had no effect. Treatment of cells with low doses of PDGF (3.25 ng/ml), which did not affect vinculin or actin organization in cells, followed by EGF (10 ng/ml), resulted in the disappearance of vinculin staining in adhesion plaques, thus demonstrating the synergistic nature of PDGF and EGF. These data suggest that PDGF-induced competence and stimulation of cell growth in quiescent fibroblasts are associated with specific rapid alterations in the cellular organization of vinculin and actin. PMID- 3920223 TI - Uptake of gold- and [3H]cholesteryl linoleate-labeled human low density lipoprotein by cultured rat granulosa cells: cellular mechanisms involved in lipoprotein metabolism and their importance to steroidogenesis. AB - We used electron microscopy, acid hydrolase cytochemistry, and biochemistry to analyze the uptake and metabolism of colloidal gold- and [3H]cholesteryl linoleate-labeled human low density lipoprotein (LDL) by cultured rat granulosa cells. The initial interaction of gold-LDL conjugates with granulosa cells occurred at binding sites diffusely distributed over the plasma membrane. After incubation with ligand in the cold, 99.9% of the conjugates were at the cell surface but less than 4% lay over coated pits. Uptake was specific since it was decreased 93-95% by excess unconjugated LDL and heparin, but only 34-38% by excess unconjugated human high density lipoprotein. LDL uptake was related to granulosa cell differentiation; well-luteinized cells bound 2-3 times as much gold-LDL as did poorly luteinized cells. Ligand internalization was initiated by warming and involved coated pits, coated vesicles, pale multivesicular bodies (MVBs), dense MVBs, and lysosomes. A key event in this process was the translocation of gold-LDL conjugates from the cell periphery to the Golgi zone. This step was carried out by the pale MVB, a prelysosomal compartment that behaves like an endosome. Granulosa cells exposed to LDL labeled with gold and [3H]cholesteryl linoleate converted [3H]sterol to [3H]progestin in a time dependent manner. This conversion was paralleled by increased gold-labeling of lysosomes and blocked by chloroquine, an inhibitor of lysosomal activity. In brief, granulosa cells deliver LDL to lysosomes by a receptor-mediated mechanism for the hydrolysis of cholesteryl esters. The resulting cholesterol is, in turn, transferred to other cellular compartments, where conversion to steroid occurs. These events comprise the pathway used by steroid-secreting cells to obtain the LDL-cholesterol vital for steroidogenesis. PMID- 3920224 TI - Biogenesis of the polymeric IgA receptor in rat hepatocytes. I. Kinetic studies of its intracellular forms. AB - The polymeric IgA receptor (or secretory component [SC]) is a major biliary secretory protein in the rat. It was identified as an 80,000-mol-wt (80 K) glycoprotein by coprecipitation (with IgA) by anti-IgA antibodies (Sztul, E. S., K. E. Howell, and G. E. Palade, 1983, J. Cell Biol., 97:1582-1591) and was used as antigen to raise anti-SC antibodies in rabbits. Pulse labeling with [35S]cysteine in vivo, followed by the immunoprecipitation of solubilized total microsomal fractions with anti-SC sera, made possible the identification of three intracellular forms of SC (all apparently membrane proteins) and the definition of their kinetic and structural interrelations. At 5 min postinjection of [35S]cysteine, a major band of Mr 105,000 was maximally labeled. This peptide lost radioactivity concomitantly with the appearance of a radioactive doublet of Mr 116,000 and 120,000 at 15-30 min postinjection. Loss of radioactivity from 116K paralleled increased labeling of the 120K peptide which appears to be the mature form of the receptor. The 105K form was sensitive to endoglycosidase H which converted it to a 96K peptide. The 116K and 120K forms were resistant to endoglycosidase H but sensitive to endoglycosidase F which converts them to 96K and 100K forms, respectively. Taken together, these findings support the following conclusions: (a) All rat hepatic SC forms are the products of a single gene; (b) all SC forms are N-glycosylated; (c) the 116K form is the result of the terminal glycosylation of the 105K form; and (d) the 120K peptide is probably produced by modifications at other sites than its complex oligosaccharide chains. PMID- 3920225 TI - Distribution of fluorescently labeled tubulin injected into sand dollar eggs from fertilization through cleavage. AB - Porcine brain tubulin labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) was able to polymerize by itself and co-polymerize with tubulin purified from starfish sperm flagella. When we injected the FITC-labeled tubulin into unfertilized eggs of the sand dollar, Clypeaster japonicus, and the eggs were then fertilized, the labeled tubulin was incorporated into the sperm aster. When injected into fertilized eggs at streak stage, the tubulin was quickly incorporated into each central region of growing asters. It was clearly visualized that the labeled tubulin, upon reaching metaphase, accumulated in the mitotic apparatus and later disappeared over the cytoplasm during interphase. The accumulation of the fluorescence in the mitotic apparatus was observed repeatedly at successive cleavage. After lysis of the fertilized eggs with a microtubule-stabilizing solution, fluorescent fibrous structures around the nucleus and those of the sperm aster and the mitotic apparatus were preserved and coincided with the fibrous structures observed by polarization and differential interference microscopy. We found the FITC-labeled tubulin to be incorporated into the entire mitotic apparatus within 20-30 s when injected into the eggs at metaphase or anaphase. This rapid incorporation of the labeled tubulin into the mitotic apparatus suggests that the equilibrium between mitotic microtubules and tubulin is attained very rapidly in the living eggs. Axonemal tubulin purified from starfish sperm flagella and labeled with FITC was also incorporated into microtubular structures in the same fashion as the FITC labeled brain tubulin. These results suggest that even FITC-labeled heterogeneous tubulins undergo spatial and stage-specific regulation of assembly-disassembly in the same manner as does sand dollar egg tubulin. PMID- 3920228 TI - Ultrastructural analysis of the organization and distribution of insulin receptors on the surface of 3T3-L1 adipocytes: rapid microaggregation and migration of occupied receptors. AB - Monomeric ferritin-insulin and high-resolution electron microscopic analysis were used to study the organization, distribution, and movement of insulin receptors on differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Analysis of the binding to prefixed cells showed that insulin initially occupied single and paired receptors preferentially located on microvilli. The majority of receptors (60%) were found as single molecules and 30% were pairs. In 1 min at 37% C, 50% of the receptors on nonfixed cells were found on the intervillous plasma membrane and more than 70% of the total receptors had microaggregated. By 30 min only 7% of the receptors were single or paired molecules on microvilli. The majority were on the intervillous membrane, with 95% of those receptors in groups. The receptor groups on the intervillous plasma membrane could be found in both noncoated invaginations and coated pits. The concentration of occupied receptors in the noncoated invaginations and the coated pits was similar; however, ten times more noncoated invaginations than coated pits contained occupied insulin receptors. The observations in this study contrast with those reported on rat adipocytes using identical techniques (Jarett and Smith, 1977). Insulin receptors on adipocytes were initially grouped and randomly distributed over the entire cell surface and did not microaggregate into larger groups. Insulin receptors on rat adipocytes were found in noncoated invaginations but were excluded from the coated pits. The differences in the organization and behavior of the insulin receptor between rat and 3T3-L1 adipocytes suggest that the mechanisms regulating the initial organization of insulin receptors and the aggregation of occupied receptors may be controlled by tissue-specific processes. Since both of these cell types are equally insulin sensitive, the differences in the initial organization and distribution of the insulin receptors on the cell surface may not be related to the sensitivity or biological responsiveness of these cells to insulin but may affect other processes such as receptor regulation and internalization. On the other hand, the microaggregates of occupied receptors on both cell types may relate to biological responsiveness. PMID- 3920227 TI - Digital imaging fluorescence microscopy: spatial heterogeneity of photobleaching rate constants in individual cells. AB - Photobleaching and related photochemical processes are recognized experimental barriers to quantification of fluorescence by microscopy. We have measured the kinetics of photobleaching of fluorophores in living and fixed cells and in microemulsions, and have demonstrated the spatial variability of these processes within individual cells. An inverted fluorescence microscope and a high sensitivity camera, together with high-speed data acquisition by a computer controlled image processor, have been used to control precisely exposure time to excitation light and to record images. To improve the signal-to-noise ratio, 32 digital images were integrated. After correction for spatial variations in camera sensitivity and background fluorescence, the images of the relative fluorescence intensities for 0.065 micron2 areas in the object plane were obtained. To evaluate photobleaching objectively, an algorithm was developed to fit a three parameter exponential equation to 20 images recorded from the same microscope field as a function of illumination time. The results of this analysis demonstrated that the photobleaching process followed first-order reaction kinetics with rate constants that were spatially heterogeneous and varied, within the same cell, between 2- and 65-fold, depending on the fluorophore. The photobleaching rate constants increased proportionally with increasing excitation intensity and, for benzo(a)pyrene, were independent of probe concentration over three orders of magnitude (1.25 microM to 1.25 mM). The propensity to photobleach was different with each fluorophore. Under the cellular conditions used in these studies, the average rates of photobleaching decreased in this order: N-(7 nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazole)-23,24-dinor-5-cholen-22-amine-3 beta-ol greater than acridine orange greater than rhodamine-123 greater than benzo(a)pyrene greater than fluorescein greater than tetramethylrhodamine greater than 1,1'dioctadecyl 3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine. The photobleaching appears to be an oxidation reaction, in that the addition of saturated solutions of Na2S2O5 to mineral oil microemulsions eliminated photobleaching of N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3 diazole)-23,24-dinor-5-cholen-22-amine-3 beta-ol or benzo(a)pyrene. We identified experimental conditions to observe, without detectable photobleaching, fluorophores in living cells, which can not be studied anaerobically. Useful images were obtained when excitation light was reduced to eliminate photobleaching, as determined from zero-time images calculated from the exponential fit routine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3920229 TI - Identification of phenols of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene by conversion into their methyl ethers. AB - The compound 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA), a powerful chemical carcinogen, undergoes enzymatic oxidation to a variety of metabolites. Phenols, the monohydroxylated derivatives of DMBA, are an electrophilic species capable of binding covalently with DNA. Although phenols may play a role in carcinogenesis, little information is available regarding these metabolites, many of which are chemically unstable and elusive to quantitative analysis. In this study, a method is described for the methylation of phenolic products to their chemically stable methyl ether derivatives. Application of this procedure to in vitro incubations of DMBA with rat liver microsomes resulted in the isolation and identification of 4-hydroxy DMBA, 8-hydroxy DMBA and 3-hydroxy DMBA. PMID- 3920226 TI - Acrosomal reaction of the Thyone sperm. III. The relationship between actin assembly and water influx during the extension of the acrosomal process. AB - In an attempt to investigate the role of water influx in the extension of the acrosomal process of Thyone sperm, we induced the acrosomal reaction in sea water whose osmolarity varied from 50 to 150% of that of sea water. (a) Video sequences of the elongation of the acrosomal processes were made; plots of the length of the acrosomal process as a function of (time)1/2 produced a straight line except at the beginning of elongation and at the end in both hypotonic and hypertonic sea water (up to 1.33 times the osmolarity of sea water), although the rate of elongation was fastest in hypotonic sea water and was progressively slower as the tonicity was raised. (b) Close examination of the video sequences revealed that regardless of the tonicity of the sea water, the morphology of the acrosomal processes were similar. (c) From thin sections of fixed sperm, the amount of actin polymerization that takes place is roughly coupled to the length of the acrosomal process formed so that sperm with short processes only polymerize a portion of the actin that must be present in those sperm. From these facts we conclude that the influx of water and the release of actin monomers from their storage form in the profilactin (so that these monomers can polymerize) are coupled. The exact role of water influx, why it occurs, and whether it could contribute to the extension of the acrosomal process by a hydrostatic pressure mechanism is discussed. PMID- 3920230 TI - 3-Hydroxyhexanoic acid: an abnormal metabolite in urine and serum of diabetic ketoacidotic patients. AB - A new organic acid, 3-hydroxyhexanoic acid, was identified in the urine or serum of five diabetic patients with ketoacidosis. The compound was not detected in the urine and serum of healthy subjects or diabetic patients without ketosis. The compound was also detected in the urine of a non-diabetic ketotic patient with dicarboxylic aciduria, suggesting that the occurrence of the compound is more related to the ketotic state than to "diabetic" ketosis. PMID- 3920231 TI - Endocrine, renal, and hemodynamic responses to graded dopamine infusions in normal men. AB - The present study was performed to determine the hemodynamic, hormonal, and natriuretic responses to infusions of dopamine (DA) that reflect physiological as well as pharmacological levels in blood or tissue. In six normal men, DA was infused for 2 h at three fixed dosages (0.03 or 0.1, 0.3, and 3.0 micrograms/kg X min) on three separate occasions, which resulted in increases in mean plasma DA concentrations from basal levels of less than 0.03 ng/ml to 0.69 +/- 0.12, 3.73 +/- 0.40, and 38.4 +/- 3.80 (+/- SE) ng/ml. Mean plasma PRL decreased and DA excretion increased significantly from basal levels during all three DA infusions. Plasma LH decreased and norepinephrine (NE) excretion increased during both the middle and high dose infusions, while sodium excretion, plasma NE, and heart rate increased only during the high dose DA infusion. Basal plasma aldosterone values were low and did not change with DA treatment. PRA, TSH, and FSH also did not change. GH responses were difficult to assess because of the frequency of episodic secretions. Since DA concentrations in hypophysial-portal blood may equal or exceed 1 ng/ml, these results support a role for DA in the acute regulation of PRL, and possibly LH, in normal men. As a natriuretic response occurred only at supraphysiological concentrations of circulating DA, if DA has a physiological role in modulating sodium excretion during normal sodium intake, it must be released from dopaminergic neurons or otherwise locally produced in very high concentrations in the kidney. PMID- 3920232 TI - Effect of carbohydrate supplementation on reproductive hormones during fasting in men. AB - We previously demonstrated that during a 10-day fast in mildly obese men, urinary gonadotropin excretion significantly increased, and serum testosterone concentrations significantly decreased. The mechanisms by which these changes occur are unknown. We postulated that the mechanism of the gonadotropinuria might involve decreased proximal renal tubular reabsorption of gonadotropins during fasting and might be related to renal tubular reabsorption of ketones during fasting, a process that is enhanced by carbohydrate (CHO) administration. We studied the effects of CHO supplementation on ketosis, ketonuria, and reproductive hormone secretion and excretion in 14 mildly obese men, 24-54 yr old, who were 14-69% above ideal body weight. Group I (n = 6) received no CHO supplementation, group II (n = 4) received 15 g CHO, and group III (n = 4) received 45 g CHO daily during the 10-day fast (F). During the control (C) and refeeding (R) periods, all subjects received a 1500-cal diet. Daily 24-h urine collections were made for the measurement of total ketones (millimolar concentrations) and LH and FSH (expressed as international units of the Second International Reference Preparation of human menopausal gonadotropin). Values (mean +/- SE) for 3 representative days (control day 3, fasting day 8, and refeeding day 3) for all subjects are shown below: (table; see text) We also studied the effects of CHO supplementation on serum levels of pituitary gonadotropins, LH and FSH responses to exogenous LHRH stimulation, biological activity of LH, and circulating total and free testosterone levels. Neither dose of CHO prevented the decline in total and free testosterone levels. Serum LH concentrations, as measured by both the RIA and in vitro bioassay did not change significantly with fasting. Serum FSH concentrations in daily samples did not change significantly. The previously reported decline in the FSH response to LHRH stimulation with fasting was not prevented by CHO. We conclude that CHO supplementation prevents the gonadotropinuria of fasting in men. The effect appears to occur in the kidney. The mechanisms may be related to that by which CHO promotes the renal tubular reabsorption of ketones. The reduced serum testosterone level cannot be explained by a lack of biologically active LH. It appears that fasting has a direct effect on the testis, possibly by reducing its responsiveness to gonadotropic stimulation or by inhibiting steroidogenesis. PMID- 3920233 TI - Increased levels of 16 alpha-hydroxyestrone-modified proteins in pregnancy and in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - The ketolic estrogen 16 alpha-hydroxyestrone (16 alpha OHE) reacts with lysine residues, forming stable covalent adducts with proteins. To determine the extent of protein modification by 16 alpha OHE in vivo, we measured the level of 16 alpha OHE-lysine present within proteins of varying half-lives obtained from normal subjects, patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and pregnant women. The latter groups have higher than normal levels of plasma 16 alpha OHE. The proteins analyzed were membrane proteins of the red cell and the lymphocyte and basement membrane proteins of the glomerulus. We report that elevated levels of plasma 16 alpha OHE led to increased formation of 16 alpha OHE-protein adducts and that the level of these adducts increases with the half-life of the protein. In the case of erythrocyte membrane proteins, pregnant women and women with SLE had significantly higher mean levels of 16 alpha OHE-lysine than normal women (normal, 5.2 pmol 16 alpha OHE-lysine/mmol leucine; SLE, 15.7; pregnant, 24.9). A similar elevation in the modification of lymphocyte proteins in women was found (normal, 15.6; SLE, 40.5). Since the degree of protein modification also was dependent on the ambient level of free 16 alpha OHE, these measurements provide a useful indicator of the long term 16 alpha OHE status of an individual. The modification of proteins by 16 alpha OHE may be a link in the relationship between female hormones, pregnancy, and systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 3920234 TI - Periovulatory hormonal dynamics: relationship of immunoassayable gonadotropins and ovarian steroids to the bioassayable luteinizing hormone surge in rhesus monkeys. AB - The relationship between ovarian steroids and LH during the midcycle gonadotropin surge is controversial. Recent demonstration of temporal and quantitative differences in immunoassayable LH (I-LH) and bioassayable LH (B-LH) at midcycle have further clouded this issue. To evaluate the relationship of I-LH, FSH, and ovarian steroids to the onset of the midcycle B-LH surge, blood samples were obtained from five chronically catheterized rhesus monkeys at 2-h intervals for 5 6 days. The plasma was assayed for FSH, LH, 17 beta-estradiol (E2), progesterone (P4), and 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) by RIA and for LH by a rat interstitial cell testosterone in vitro bioassay. The initiation of the B-LH surge served as time zero (to) for the temporal analysis of changes in plasma hormone levels. The I-LH and FSH surges were initiated 6.4 +/- 2.2 h (mean +/- SEM) and 5.2 +/- 1.9 h, respectively, after the onset of the B-LH surge. Although the duration of the ascending limb of the surge was similar for B-LH, I-LH, and FSH, the mean +/- SEM total duration of the B-LH surge (34.5 +/- 3.5 h) was significantly longer (P less than 0.025) than those of I-LH (24.4 +/- 5.0 h) and FSH (27.6 +/- 2.3 h). Before the onset of the B-LH surge (to - 4 h), the ratio of B-H to I-LH was unity; however, during the acme of gonadotropin secretion (to + 12-16 h), the B-LH to I-LH ratio approached 6:1. Doubling times for B-LH, I-LH, and FSH were similar during the ascending phase of the surge. Plasma E2 concentrations increased continuously from to - 40 h to to, with a mean +/- SEM doubling time of 32.6 +/- 4.7 h. Peak E2 concentrations occurred within 6 h after the onset of the B-LH surge. Plasma P4 concentrations began to increase at to - 6 h in four monkeys and at to in one monkey. Plasma P4 concentration plateaued from to to to + 24 h, then increased rapidly, with a mean +/- SEM doubling time of 20.5 +/- 2.9 h. Although there were significant individual variations in plasma 17-OHP concentrations, a definite increase in 17-OHP occurred by to - 10 h, and peak concentrations occurred at to + 1 h.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3920235 TI - Ovulation induction in clomiphene-resistant anovulatory women: differential follicular response to purified urinary follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) versus purified urinary FSH and luteinizing hormone. AB - We studied 15 anovulatory women undergoing ovulation induction with purified human urinary FSH or purified human urinary FSH and LH [human menopausal gonadotropins (hMG)]. All patients had either sporadic or no vaginal bleeding after progesterone therapy and failed to ovulate after receiving clomiphene (250 mg for 5 days) plus hCG. Other causes of infertility were ruled out. Sixteen cycles of FSH and 12 cycles of hMG were administered according to a standard protocol. Estradiol, progesterone, androstenedione, testosterone, LH, and FSH concentrations were quantitated by RIA. Follicular diameter was determined using ultrasound. There was no significant difference in the amount of FSH or hMG used per patient, in the duration of therapy before hCG administration, or in the length of the luteal phase in any patient. There was a difference in the number of follicles greater than 1000 mm3 per cycle in those patients receiving FSH compared to the number in those receiving hMG [2.8 +/- 1.3 (+/- SEM) vs. 4.4 +/- 1.5 follicles; P = 0.026). The maximum follicular phase serum estradiol (18.3 vs. 34.8 ng/ml) and maximum luteal phase progesterone concentrations (1289 vs. 2808 pg/ml; P = 0.026) were also different between the FSH and hMG groups. Linear regression analysis revealed a significant correlation between the peripheral serum estradiol levels and the total follicular volume of follicles in the hMG treated group which was not apparent in the FSH-treated group. These findings suggest that exogenous LH may not be required to induce folliculogenesis in anovulatory patients. PMID- 3920236 TI - Relationship between serum free fatty acids and thyroid hormone binding inhibitor in nonthyroid illnesses. AB - We measured the serum concentration and relative distribution of various free fatty acids (FFA) by gas/liquid chromatography in normal subjects and nonthyroid illness (NTI) patients with or without detectable serum thyroid-hormone binding inhibitor (THBI). The mean serum concentration of total FFA was 0.72 +/- 0.08 (SE) mM in eight normal subjects; it was similar (0.63 +/- 0.12) in eight THBI negative NTI patients, but was significantly higher (3.1 +/- 1.0; P less than 0.05) in eight THBI-positive NTI patients (THBI index, 3.9 +/- 0.3 vs. 1.0 +/- 0.05 in normal subjects). Relative distribution of FFA in THBI-negative patients did not differ significantly from that in normal subjects. In THBI-positive patients, however, serum concentrations of palmitic, palmitoleic, stearic, and oleic acids were significantly above normal. Among fatty acids with appreciable THBI activity, oleic acid was most abundant in THBI-positive patients; its concentration of 1.3 +/- 0.32 mM in patients was about 6-fold higher than the corresponding normal value (0.21 +/- 0.02; P less than 0.005). The serum concentration of THBI correlated significantly with levels of both total FFA (r = 0.69; P less than 0.005) and oleic acid (r = 0.80; P less than 0.001). Addition of 0.33 mM oleic acid to THBI-negative NTI serum or 0.66 mM oleic acid to normal serum increased THBI activity to a level greater than 2 SD above the normal mean, i.e. 1.6. The various data suggest that 1) circulating FFA contribute importantly to THBI activity in sera of NTI patients; 2) oleic acid contributes more to THBI activity of NTI sera than do other FFA. PMID- 3920237 TI - Hormonal effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist in the human male. III. Effects of long term combined treatment with GnRH agonist and androgen. AB - Chronic treatment with agonist analogs of GnRH results in reversible oligospermia in man, but leads to impotence and decreased libido due to a concomitant fall in serum testosterone (T) concentrations. We, therefore, assessed the effects of combined treatment with a potent GnRH agonist and T on gonadotropins and spermatogenesis in normal men, anticipating that addition of androgen would prevent agonist-induced changes in libido. Seven normal men were treated with 200 micrograms of the GnRH agonist D-(Nal2)6GnRH (GnRH-A), sc, daily for 16 weeks. In addition, 200 mg T enanthate were administered every 2 weeks for the entire 16 week treatment period. Basal LH, FSH, and T concentrations were measured every week during a 5-week control period, daily on treatment days 0, 1-10, 14, 18, 22, 26, and 28, every week thereafter until day 56, and every 2 weeks thereafter for the remainder of the treatment and recovery phases. Detailed analysis of LH and FSH over the 24-h period was performed by multiple blood sampling on days 0, 1, 10, 28, 56, 84, and 112. Semen analyses were performed every week during the control phase and every 2 weeks during the treatment and recovery phases. The mean sperm count declined by 83%, to a nadir of 16.6 +/- 6.2 (+/- SEM) million/ml. One subject had no significant decrease in sperm count. Azoospermia was not achieved in any subject. Basal serum LH concentrations, after an early phase of stimulation, declined to near baseline by day 14. However, basal, 24-h integrated serum LH concentrations, and 24-h urinary LH excretion were not significantly lowered by combined treatment. Bioassayable serum LH concentrations, however, declined significantly from 20.4 +/- 6.3 to 4.5 +/- 0.5 mIU/ml, and the bioassayable to immunoassayable LH ratio decreased from 2.1 +/- 1.0 to 0.7 +/- 0.1 after 16 weeks of GnRH-A treatment. Basal and 24-h integrated FSH concentrations, after an initial period of stimulation, declined progressively to baseline by days 5-6 and were significantly below baseline by day 112. Serum T concentrations did not fall into the hypogonadal (less than 250 ng/dl) range in any subject at any time during the treatment period. After discontinuation of treatment, LH, FSH, and sperm counts returned to normal in all subjects. Thus, single daily injection of GnRH-A and T failed to predictably induce azoospermia in normal men over the 16-week treatment period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3920238 TI - Personality characteristics of epileptic patients: a controlled study of generalized and temporal lobe cases. AB - Patients with left temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), right TLE, and generalized epilepsy (GE) were compared on a self-report inventory of personal behavior, ideas, and convictions. Distinct personality profiles emerged for the left TLEs and GEs, while the right TLEs responded like neurologically normal individuals. The quality of these profile differences may indicate a contribution of disordered left-hemisphere language mechanisms to the interictal personality syndrome of TLE. PMID- 3920239 TI - Pathogenesis of catheter sepsis: a prospective study with quantitative and semiquantitative cultures of catheter hub and segments. AB - Our purpose was to study prospectively the causes, routes of infection, and frequency of catheter-related sepsis in patients on total parenteral nutrition. From January 1981 to January 1984, cultures of 135 subclavian catheters from 135 adult patients were done by quantitative and semiquantitative methods. Twenty patients (14.8%) had catheter-related sepsis. Fourteen episodes (70%) stemmed from an colonized hub. Skin infection (Staphylococcus aureus, 2 cases), total parenteral nutrition mixture contamination (Enterobacter cloacae, 2 cases), and hematogenous seeding of the catheter tip (Yersinia enterocolitica, 1 case, and Streptococcus faecalis, 1 case) accounted for the remaining six septic episodes. The catheter hub is, in our experience, the most common site of origin of organisms causing catheter tip infection and bacteremia. PMID- 3920240 TI - Measurement of active constitutive beta-D-glucosidase (esculinase) in the presence of sodium desoxycholate. AB - The hydrolysis of esculin in the presence of bile has been utilized for many years for the identification of bacteria. It is especially useful in differentiating species of the genus Streptococcus. The procedure is a two-step one. First, the bacterium must grow in a particular concentration of bile, and second, it must hydrolyze esculin. The hydrolysis of esculin has traditionally been determined by the brown-black color that results when one of the hydrolysate products, esculetin, reacts with iron in the medium. The procedure requires incubation for 24 h or more. A method was developed based on the measurement of constitutive beta-glucosidase (esculinase) with the repression of this enzyme by bile equivalent (sodium desoxycholate) that required only 30 min. p-Nitrophenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside was the esculinase substrate, and sodium desoxycholate was substituted for bile salts. After inoculation, a yellow color was equivalent to the brown-black seen in the 40% bile-esculin reaction. The reagent was dispensed in test tubes and was stable for 6 months. The 30-min procedure correlated well with the conventional 24-h bile-esculin agar tube. Streptococcus pneumoniae could also be identified because of the rapid lysis it exhibited in the substrate solution. PMID- 3920241 TI - Comparative evaluation of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in the laboratory diagnosis of brucellosis. AB - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was adapted to measure total and Brucella abortus-specific immunoglobulin M antibodies. The results were compared with those of conventional serological tests for B. abortus antibody on the sera of a number of normal controls, apparently healthy occupationally exposed workers, and patients with suspected acute brucellosis. Relative to other tests, the B. abortus enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was found to be both highly sensitive and highly specific. The serological results obtained in occupationally exposed workers indicate a higher "normal range" for this group and therefore a possibility of false-positive results and overdiagnosis. It is therefore important to establish a separate "normal range" for occupationally exposed workers. Investigation of patients with acute brucellosis showed that the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for immunoglobulin M was the most sensitive serodiagnostic test and was likely to be of value in the serodiagnosis of acute brucellosis in occupationally exposed workers. PMID- 3920242 TI - Neisseria meningitidis serogroup 29E (Z') septicemia in a patient with far advanced multiple myeloma (plasma cell leukemia). AB - A case of septicemia caused by Neisseria meningitidis serogroup 29E (Z') in a patient with plasma cell leukemia is described. The patient developed disseminated intravascular coagulation, had a cardiopulmonary arrest, and died. The effects of altered immune function leading to a predisposition to meningococcal infections are discussed. PMID- 3920243 TI - Comparison of a latex agglutination procedure with the microimmunofluorescence test for Rickettsia typhi. AB - Sera submitted to the Texas Department of Health for the serodiagnosis of Rickettsia typhi were tested by the microimmunofluorescent antibody technique and a new latex agglutination procedure. Results indicated that the latex agglutination test was sensitive and specific and would serve well as a first line screening test for murine typhus. PMID- 3920244 TI - T cells and probably B cells arise from the malignant clone in chronic myelogenous leukemia. AB - Bone marrow cells from a patient with Ph' positive chronic myelogenous leukemia in chronic phase were cultured for multilineage hematopoietic colonies (CFU GEMMT), erythroid bursts, and granulocytic colonies. With CFU-GEMMT colonies, T lymphocytes were identified by reaction with monoclonal antibodies Leu-5 and OKT 3; B cells were identified by reaction with B1. All CFU-GEMMT colonies examined contained the Ph' chromosome. Recloned secondary colonies of T cells reacted with Leu-5 and OKT-3 and were Ph' positive. This demonstrates that Ph' positive T lymphocytes were generated from the pluripotential stem cell of this patient. The presence of B cells in the mixed colonies indicates that these may also be derived from the neoplastic clone. PMID- 3920245 TI - Generation in plasma of a fast-acting inhibitor of plasminogen activator in response to endotoxin stimulation. AB - Endotoxin producing bacteria cause disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC); however, the mechanism of endotoxin action in man is still unclear. Impairment of the fibrinolytic system has been suggested as a contributing mechanism. A single injection of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide in rabbits resulted in a marked and prolonged increase of the levels of a fast-acting inhibitor of plasminogen activator (PA-inhibitor) in plasma (from 3.9 +/- 0.7 to 41 +/- 13.2 U/ml after 3 h). Gel filtration studies indicated that inhibition of human tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) by rabbit plasma is accompanied by a change in the elution profile of the activator compatible with the formation of an enzyme inhibitor complex with an apparent molecular weight of 100,000. Injection of human t-PA (1,500 IU/kg body wt) in endotoxin treated animals resulted in very fast inhibition of t-PA and formation of a similar complex. The half-life of circulating PA-inhibitor activity in rabbits was about 7 min as estimated by donor receiver plasma transfusion experiments. Stimulation of cultured human endothelial cells with endotoxin resulted in enhanced rate of accumulation of PA inhibitor activity in the culture medium (two- to sevenfold increase). In five patients with septicemia, markedly increased levels of PA-inhibitor (14.3 +/- 15.5 U/ml) as compared with control subjects (1.3 +/- 0.7 U/ml) were observed in plasma. A very strong correlation (r = 0.98) was found between inhibition of t-PA and of urokinase in all conditions, suggesting that this fast-acting inhibitor reacts with both plasminogen activators. These data suggest that the appearance of this fast-acting PA-inhibitor is very sensitive to endotoxin stimulation. The marked increase in the level of PA-inhibitor in blood may contribute to the pathogenesis of DIC in septicemia. PMID- 3920246 TI - Regulation of ammonia production by mouse proximal tubules perfused in vitro. Effect of luminal perfusion. AB - To investigate factors regulating ammonia (NH3) production by isolated defined proximal tubule segments, we examined the rates of total NH3 (NH3 + NH+4) production by individual proximal tubule segments perfused in vitro under a variety of perfusion conditions. Segments consisting of late convoluted and early straight portions of superficial proximal tubules were incubated at 37 degrees C in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate (KRB) buffer containing 0.5 mM L-glutamine and 1.0 mM sodium acetate, pH 7.4. The rate of total ammonia production was calculated from the rate of accumulation of total NH3 in the bath. The total ammonia production rate by unperfused proximal segments was 6.0 +/- 0.2 (+/- SE) pmol/mm per minute, which was significantly lower than segments perfused at a flow rate of 22.7 +/- 3.4 nl/min with KRB buffer (21.5 +/- 1.4 pmol/mm per minute; P less than 0.001) or with KRB buffer containing 0.5 mM L-glutamine (31.9 +/- 2.5; P less than 0.001). The rate of NH3 production was higher in segments perfused with glutamine than in segments perfused without glutamine (P less than 0.01). The perfusion associated stimulation of NH3 production was characterized further. Analysis of collected luminal fluid samples revealed that the luminal fluid total NH3 leaving the distal end of the perfused proximal segment accounted for 91% of the increment in NH3 production observed with perfusion. Increasing the perfusion flow rate from 3.7 +/- 0.1 to 22.7 +/- 3.4 nl/min by raising the perfusion pressure resulted in an increased rate of total NH3 production in the presence or absence of perfusate glutamine (mean rise in rate of total NH3 production was 14.9 +/- 3.7 pmol/mm per minute in segments perfused with glutamine and 7.8 +/- 0.9 in those perfused without glutamine). In addition, increasing the perfusion flow rate at a constant perfusion pressure increased the rate of luminal output of NH3. Total NH3 production was not affected by reducing perfusate sodium concentration to 25 mM and adding 1.0 mM amiloride to the perfusate, a condition that was shown to inhibit proximal tubule fluid reabsorption. These observations demonstrate that the rate of total NH3 production by the mouse proximal tubule is accelerated by perfusion of the lumen of the segment, by the presence of glutamine in the perfusate, and by increased perfusion flow rates. The increased rate of NH3 production with perfusion seems not to depend upon normal rates of sodium reabsorption. The mechanism underlying the stimulation of NH3 production by luminal flow is unknown and requires further study. PMID- 3920247 TI - Roles of Ca2+ and Na+ on the modulation of antidiuretic hormone action on urea permeability in toad urinary bladder. AB - The present studies probe the role of Ca2+ and Na+ in the stimulation permeability coupling sequences by which antidiuretic hormone (ADH) induces a cyclic AMP (cAMP)-mediated increase in urea permeability in toad urinary bladder. The following results were obtained: (a) Removal of mucosal Na+ or Ca2+ or deletion of serosal Ca2+ did not modify ADH action. (b) Reduction of the serosal Na+ concentration to less than 50 mM inhibited the effects of both ADH and cAMP. The minimal concentration of serosal Na+ needed for the hormone to elicit its maximal effect was reduced to approximately 10 mM if serosal Ca2+ was concomitantly deleted. (c) The Na+ ionophore monensin produced an inhibition of ADH and cAMP actions that was dependent on the presence of Na+ and Ca2+ in the serosa. (d) The Ca2+ ionophore A23187 produced a serosal Ca2+-dependent inhibition of ADH effect and did not modify cAMP action. (e) Carbachol, which increases Ca2+ uptake to the same extent that A23187 does, had no effect on ADH action. (f) Quinidine, which releases Ca2+ from intracellular stores, produced a large inhibition of the action of ADH but not that of cAMP; the inhibition was greatly reduced if serosal Ca2+ was deleted. (g) Dinitrophenol and iodoacetate, which also release Ca2+ from intracellular pools, had no effect on ADH action. (h) The Ca2+ channel blocker diltiazem had no effect on ADH action and did not modify the inhibitions produced by deletion of serosal Na+ or monensin. (i) The cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin partially removed the inhibition produced by deletion of serosal Na+ and almost completely impeded the inhibitions produced by either monensin or A23187. It is concluded: (a) Extracellular Ca2+, Na+ transport rates, and serosal Na+, in concentrations between 10 and 110 mM, have no participation in modulating the increase in urea permeability produced by ADH. (b) Increases in cytosolic Ca2+ activity, which are capable of inhibiting the effect of ADH on urea permeability at pre- and/or post-cAMP steps, seem to be highly compartmentalized. (c) Endogenous prostaglandins might play a role in the inhibitions produced by absence of serosal Na+, monensin, or A23187. PMID- 3920249 TI - High resolution ultrasound of macro-orchidism in mental retardation. AB - Asymptomatic testicular enlargement is common in mentally retarded males. This enlargement includes males with non-specific forms of mental retardation as well as a subgroup of males who have a chromosomally recognizable feature involving the X-chromosome ("fragile X" chromosome). We examined the testes of a group of 25 mentally retarded males with macro-orchidism including both fragile X and non fragile X patients. Apart from large size, the testes scanned were all normal in appearance. In particular, there was no evidence for neoplasia. There were no distinguishing features between the fragile X and the non-fragile X groups. PMID- 3920248 TI - Mucin degradation in human colon ecosystems. Isolation and properties of fecal strains that degrade ABH blood group antigens and oligosaccharides from mucin glycoproteins. AB - We previously reported that the oligosaccharide chains of hog gastric mucin were degraded by unidentified subpopulations numbering approximately 1% of normal human fecal bacteria. Here we report on the enzyme-producing properties of five strains of mucin oligosaccharide chain-degrading bacteria isolated from feces of four healthy subjects. Four were isolated from the greatest fecal dilutions yielding mucin side chain-degrading activity in culture, and thus were the numerically dominant side chain-degrading bacteria in their respective hosts. Three were Ruminococcus strains and two were Bifidobacterium strains. Two Ruminococcus torques strains, IX-70 and VIII-239, produced blood group A- and H degrading alpha-glycosidase activities, sialidase, and the requisite beta glycosidases; these strains released greater than 90% of the anthrone-reacting hexoses from hog gastric mucin during growth in culture. The Bifidobacterium strains lacked A-degrading activity but were otherwise similar; these released 60 80% of the anthrone-reacting hexoses but not the A antigenic structures from hog gastric mucin. Only Ruminococcus AB strain VI-268 produced blood group B degrading alpha-galactosidase activity, but this strain lacked beta-N acetylhexosaminidases to complete degradation of B antigenic chains. When this strain was co-cultured with a strain that produced beta-N-acetylhexosaminidases, release of hexoses from blood group B salivary glycoprotein increased from 50 to greater than 90%, and bacterial growth was enhanced. The glycosidases required for side chain degradation were produced by these strains in the absence of mucin substrate, and a substantial fraction of each activity in stationary phase cultures was extracellular. In contrast, none of 16 other fecal Bacteroides, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus faecalis, and Bifidobacterium strains produced ABH blood group-degrading enzymes; other glycosidases produced by these strains were predominantly cell bound except for extracellular beta-N acetylhexosaminidases produced by the five S. faecalis strains. We conclude that certain Bifidobacterium and Ruminococcus strains are numerically dominant populations degrading mucin oligosaccharides in the human colon due to their constitutive production of the requisite extracellular glycosidases including blood group antigen-specific alpha-glycosidases. These properties characterize them as a functionally distinct subpopulation of normal human enteric microflora comprised of specialized subsets that produce blood group H antigen-degrading glycosidases alone or together with either blood group A- or B-degrading glycosidases. PMID- 3920250 TI - Sonographic diagnosis of bowel obstruction presenting with fluid-filled loops of bowel. AB - When intestinal obstruction presents with fluid-filled bowel loops instead of air distended loops, subtle elongated masses representing these bowel loops may be missed on plain abdominal radiographs. In these cases, ultrasound will show sausage-shaped, cystic structures, with uneven margins representing mucosal folds, distributed throughout the abdomen and sometimes accompanied by peristalsis. These features differentiate fluid-filled bowel loops from other cystic structures in the abdomen and help make a diagnosis of bowel obstruction. PMID- 3920251 TI - Clinical application of the 10-MHz electronic linear array scanner. AB - A 10-MHz electronic linear array real-time scanner was developed. The axial resolution was 0.26 mm at the -20dB ring down point. The display field was 6.0 cm in width. Excellent high-resolution sonograms of the thyroid, breast and other diseases were obtained using this scanner. PMID- 3920252 TI - Ultrasound of transitional cell carcinoma. PMID- 3920253 TI - Ultrasound findings in an atherosclerotic aneurysm shortly before rupture. PMID- 3920254 TI - Intrabiliary rupture of hydatid cyst of the liver: sonographic diagnosis. PMID- 3920255 TI - The sonographic target pattern in nongastrointestinal abnormalities. PMID- 3920256 TI - Carcinomas in vesical diverticula: the role of ultrasound. PMID- 3920257 TI - Pericardiocentesis-induced intrapericardial thrombus: visualization of thrombus formation and spontaneous internal lysis by two-dimensional echocardiography. PMID- 3920258 TI - Comparison between ultrasound and histopathological evaluation in ovarian cancer patients with complete clinical remission. AB - The histopathological findings at second-look laparotomy in 20 patients with complete clinical remission of epithelial ovarian cancer were compared with the findings at preoperative ultrasound (US) examination. Discrepancies between pelvic US and histological findings occurred in 4/20 (20%) of the patients, and both the specificity and negative predictive value of US were 89%. Of the two false-negative studies, one showed only microscopic disease and the other showed a 0.5-cm nodule. The results of the two false-positive studies were due to postoperative scarring and adhesions, respectively. Obscuring intestinal gas precluded assessment of para-aortic nodes in 10 of 16 patients in which data from abdominal (US) evaluation were available. Although the status of residual gynecological organs could be determined in most cases, the study shows that US cannot replace second-look laparotomy. PMID- 3920259 TI - Cystitis cystica simulating bladder tumor at sonography. PMID- 3920260 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of septated ovarian cysts. PMID- 3920261 TI - Primary renal liposarcoma mimicking angiomyolipoma on ultrasonography and conventional radiology. PMID- 3920262 TI - International report: Italy. PMID- 3920263 TI - Transposition of venous contrast into the arteries. PMID- 3920264 TI - Clinical consequences after ultrasonic diagnosis of intrauterine hematoma in threatened abortion. AB - Ultrasonic examination in 33 cases with threatened abortion at 8 to 17 weeks of pregnancy revealed an echo-free crescent area between the fetal membranes and uterine wall regarded as an intrauterine hematoma. A living fetus was simultaneously detected in all patients. The duration of uterine bleeding (mean 28.8 +/- 19.1 days) was significantly correlated (P less than 0.01) with the existence of the intrauterine blood collection followed serially by ultrasound. The pregnancy ended in spontaneous abortion in six (18.7%) and in premature delivery in three (9.4%) cases. The estimated volume of hematoma did not correlate with the outcome of pregnancy. PMID- 3920265 TI - The spectrum of sonographic findings in infantile polycystic kidney disease with urographic and clinical correlations. AB - We evaluated nine patients, age 1 day to 17 years, having infantile polycystic kidney disease (IPKD). Using modern scanners with 5-MHz transducers we have observed two previously unemphasized sonographic (US) findings, a peripheral zone of normally echogenic cortex (five patients), and mild caliectasis (two patients). Our data suggest that IPKD is a more heterogeneous condition clinically and sonographically than generally appreciated and that presence of a thick normally echogenic renal cortex is a good predictor of concurrent normal renal function and prolonged survival. PMID- 3920266 TI - Ultrasound in the diagnosis of choroid plexus papilloma. PMID- 3920267 TI - Halo sign around a parathyroid adenoma. PMID- 3920268 TI - Intrathoracic kidney with a simple cyst in its upper pole diagnosed by ultrasound. PMID- 3920269 TI - Ultrasound findings in renal transplant rupture. PMID- 3920270 TI - Ultrasonic demonstration of a phlegmon following cesarean section. PMID- 3920271 TI - Ultrasound diagnosis of monoamniotic twins with cord entanglement: case report with double survival. PMID- 3920272 TI - The wandering spleen: an ultrasonic diagnosis. PMID- 3920274 TI - Evolution of the ultrasonic examination. PMID- 3920273 TI - Wandering pelvic spleen. PMID- 3920275 TI - Diagnostic accuracy of computerized B-scan texture analysis and conventional ultrasonography in diffuse parenchymal and malignant liver disease. AB - The use of a diagnostic system for ultrasonic liver tissue characterization based on computerized B-mode image analysis is clinically tested and compared with the results of conventional realtime and static grey scale liver ultrasound as independently assessed by three experienced observers. The diagnostic classes, normal, diffuse parenchymal and malignant disease, are clearly differentiated by computerized image analysis which is superior to subjective evaluation of liver echograms. Computerized analysis also renders a reliable and clinically useful diagnostic subclassification of diffuse parenchymal disease into echopattern changes prevalent in chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis/fibrosis, fatty infiltration and a mixed state of cirrhosis/fibrosis with fatty infiltration which cannot be achieved by conventional liver ultrasound. PMID- 3920276 TI - Ultrasonic detection of lymph node metastases in the region around the celiac axis in esophageal and gastric cancer. AB - The celiac axis could be visualized with ultrasound in 140 out of 166 cases (84%). Failure to identify the celiac axis was associated with extensive metastases to the celiac lymph nodes in 73% (19/26) of these cases. The location of lymph nodes in this region could be determined using the celiac axis and its branches as land marks. Celiac lymph nodes can be roughly classified into three types: Type 1--unclear margins and relatively uniform diffuse internal echoes, Type 2--clear margins and weak internal echoes, and Type 3--clear margins and scattered, large internal echoes, frequently seen with notchings. Metastases in celiac lymph nodes were found in 53 of 166 cases, based on histological examination of surgically removed nodes. A preoperative ultrasonic examination indicated lymph node metastases in 39 out of the 53 cases (sensitivity of 74%) and no lymph node metastases in 108 of the remaining 113 cases (specificity of 96%). Most lymph nodes with metastases were of Types 2 or 3. The longer the diameter of the lymph node or the larger the ratio of metastatic area to node cross-sectional area, the higher the detection rate tended to be. These results indicate that ultrasound can be very useful in screening patients for celiac lymph node metastases. PMID- 3920277 TI - Doppler blood velocity waveforms in the umbilical artery as an indicator of fetal well-being. AB - Doppler blood velocity waveforms were analyzed from the umbilical artery as an indication of fetal well-being. Since the ratio of systolic to diastolic peak flows (A/B) reflects placental vascular resistance, an abnormality of this value may accurately predict compromised fetuses. Twenty-one studies were performed on 13 patients, using a new duplex system for real-time imaging and range-gated pulsed Doppler analysis, and compared to normal standards. Thirteen studies done in nine uneventful pregnancies were consistently normal. However, abnormal studies were found in the four patients reported as case histories, including women with sickle cell anemia, systemic lupus, diabetes, and growth retardation. The A/B ratio was felt to have predicted potential fetal compromise, including the two fetal deaths. Therefore, with certain cautions, we feel that this rapid, non-invasive technique is useful as a serially applicable reflector of the status of fetoplacental circulation. PMID- 3920278 TI - Compilation of reported biological effects data and ultrasound exposure levels. AB - A compilation of reports of biological effects and related ultrasound exposure levels can be useful in the identification of trends in effects data that may be developing in the literature. The exposures in the experiments reviewed were at frequencies used in medicine. For short (10 minutes or less) continuous wave exposure, with the exception of behavioral effects where variable results have been observed, this tabulation did not identify any in vivo or in vitro effects at spatial peak, temporal average (SPTA) intensities less than 100 mW/cm2. However, a number of effects using pulsed sources with SPTA intensities under this level have been reported. There are several frequently recurring topics in recent reports which include developmental effects and microstructure changes at the cellular level. In addition to animal investigations, there are some limited human epidemiological studies reporting an association between medical ultrasound exposure in utero and developmental effects. Although sufficient research has not been completed to draw conclusions, the findings deserve further investigation. A systematic pattern of directed research on a large scale is not apparent. The available data consist of many scattered studies conducted by individual investigators and groups throughout the world. PMID- 3920279 TI - Sonographic diagnosis of extrahepatic biliary echinococcosis. PMID- 3920280 TI - Benign cystic peritoneal mesothelioma. PMID- 3920281 TI - Sonographic demonstration of gas in torsed gangrenous adnexa. PMID- 3920282 TI - In utero sonographic diagnosis of achondrogenesis. PMID- 3920283 TI - Sonographic diagnosis of Mirizzi's syndrome. PMID- 3920284 TI - Mid-trimester fetal thoracentesis. PMID- 3920285 TI - Blastomycosis presenting as a peritoneal inflammatory cyst. PMID- 3920286 TI - Renal ultrasound in POEMS syndrome. PMID- 3920287 TI - Ultrasonic imaging of common carotid artery dissection. PMID- 3920288 TI - Congenital diaphragmatic hernia: antenatal diagnosis and obstetrical management. PMID- 3920289 TI - Derivation of cerebellar Golgi neurons from the external granular layer: evidence from explantation of external granule cells in vivo. AB - The present report provides evidence to challenge the traditional view that cerebellar Golgi cells are derived from the ventricular neuroepithelium, postulating instead that they originate from external granule cells. Supporting evidence for this assertion comes from three sources: 1) Typical Golgi cells are found in ectopic granule cell colonies, both outside the cerebellum (in the subarachnoid space) and also within the cerebellar cortex between fused folia. Because ectopic granule cell colonies are derived from external granule cells, which become displaced after treatment with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), it was assumed that the ectopic Golgi cells also stem from such displaced external granule cells. 2) In order to demonstrate that Golgi cell precursors migrate from the external granular layer into the Purkinje cell plate, the development of the cerebellar cortex was studied over the period of Golgi cell genesis. On E19 the external granular layer in the rat is subdivided into an outer proliferative and an inner subproliferative zone. At the inner margin of the external granular layer, and in the marginal zone, radially oriented, darkly staining cells are present that exhibit all the characteristics of migrating neurons possessing a leading process oriented toward the Purkinje cell plate, a somatic cilium, and a close association with radial glia fibers. In later stages, these cells are also found deep to the Purkinje cell plate. Because Golgi cells arise during the period between E19 and postnatal day 2 in the rat (Altman and Bayer, '77, '78) and as the basket cells, the first neurons of proven origin from the external granular layer, are not produced before the second postnatal day (Altman, '72), the earlier migrating neurons are presumed to be Golgi cells. 3) Available data from cell kinetic 3H-thymidine studies show that there is no unequivocal evidence for Golgi cell genesis from the ventricular neuroepithelium, because, at the time of Golgi cell birth, ventricular and external granular stem cell populations are proliferating, and with the present methods it is not possible to decide which of these are the precursors of Golgi cells. Thus, taken together, the findings of this study show that Golgi cells are more likely to arise from the external granular layer than from the ventricular neuroepithelium. This concept would unify cerebellar histogenesis by proposing that projection neurons arise from the ventricular neuroepithelium, whereas all interneurons of the cerebellar cortex are descendants of the external granular layer. PMID- 3920290 TI - Cortical projections of the dorsolateral visual area in owl monkeys: the prestriate relay to inferior temporal cortex. AB - The dorsolateral visual area (DL) is one of a number of visual areas that have been defined by electrophysiological mapping procedures and cortical architecture in the extrastriate cortex of owl monkeys. The projections of DL were determined by the intra-axonal transport of 3H-proline, 3H-acetyl-wheat germ agglutinin, and horseradish peroxidase after cortical injections. The major ipsilateral projection of DL defined a new subdivision of the visual cortex in owl monkeys, the caudal inferior temporal cortex. Single injections in DL sometimes produced label in two separate regions in the caudal inferior temporal cortex, suggesting that functional subdivisions exist in this projection zone. Other targets of DL included the region of the frontal eye fields, the dorsomedial visual area, the dorsointermediate visual area (DI), a region of the cortex rostral to DI which we call the temporoparietal cortex, and possibly the ventral (V) and posterior parietal areas. A major feedback projection of DL was to V-II. Projections from DL to V-II and the dorsomedial visual area were roughly retinotopic. Projections from DL to the contralateral cerebral hemisphere were to DL and the inferior temporal cortex. Overall, the results support the concept that a major relay of visual information proceeds from V-I to V-II to DL and then to the inferior temporal cortex. In addition, similarities in connection patterns of DL in owl monkeys and V4 in macaque monkeys suggest that DL and much or all of V4 are homologous. PMID- 3920291 TI - Availability of canthaxanthin in the United States. PMID- 3920292 TI - Assessing the need for continuing education for registered nurses. PMID- 3920293 TI - Nursing inservice education in Saudi Arabia. PMID- 3920294 TI - Facts about teleconferencing for staff development administrators. PMID- 3920295 TI - Continuing education for determining staff needs. PMID- 3920296 TI - A model for evaluating a staff development program. PMID- 3920297 TI - Evaluating the behavioral objectives. PMID- 3920298 TI - Living history series: Helen M. Tobin, RN, MSN, FAAN. Interview by Pat S. Yoder Wise. PMID- 3920299 TI - Nurses' educational backgrounds, position levels and participation in continuing education. PMID- 3920300 TI - Economic growth of the dental profession: comparisons with other health care sectors. AB - This paper describes the economic growth of the dental profession and concludes, on the basis of increases in real output in excess of the GNP, that the dental services sector of the economy is a growth industry. The analysis shows that, on a relative basis, dentistry also appears to be growing with respect to other important health service sectors, including physician services. Changes in output appear to be related to the expansion of the supply of dental workforce, the increased productivity of individual general practitioners, population growth, and the increase in the portion of the population with dental insurance. PMID- 3920301 TI - Modification of bronchial hyperreactivity after treatment with sodium cromoglycate during pollen season. AB - Repeated bronchial histamine challenges before, during, and after the birch pollen season were performed in 22 allergic patients with bronchial hyperreactivity (BHR) treated for 6 wk with sodium cromoglycate (SCG), 20 mg, four times a day, or placebo in a double-blind, randomized group comparison. Clinical assessments of the asthmatic symptom score and peak expiratory flow revealed less symptoms and less use of bronchodilators in the SCG group. Responsiveness to histamine was significantly increased in the placebo group after 14 days with high pollen counts. After the season there was an immediate return to preseasonal value. There was no change in responsiveness in the SCG group, demonstrating significant protection against pollen-induced increase of BHR. The results support the hypothesis that inhibition of mediator release, which is demonstrated for SCG, leads to a reduction of the nonspecific BHR. PMID- 3920302 TI - Immunoglobulin E assayed after pepsin digestion by an automated and highly sensitive particle counting immunoassay: application to human cord blood. AB - We describe in this article a fully automated, universal assay for serum IgE after pepsin digestion of the sample and subsequent assay of the released Fc" epsilon fragment by particle counting immunoassay (PACIA). The sensitivity and the range of the assay were easily modulated by changing the concentration of dextran in the reaction medium. In the application to cord serum, the sensitivity reached 0.1 IU/ml in 30 min incubation time and with a throughput of 50 analyses per hour. Within-day and between-day coefficients of variation did not exceed 7.6% for IgE levels covering a wide range of the standard curve. Dependable accuracy was demonstrated by linearity tests, analytical recoveries (89% to 112%), and correlation with PRIST on 48 samples from children ages 1 to 14 yr (y = 0.97x + 5.92; r = 0.987). Minor discrepancies between the two methods were attributed to a slight serum effect in PRIST. PACIA applied to 348 cord serum samples demonstrated a statistically significant influence of sex and race on the cord IgE level. In European neonates boys had significantly (p = 0.019) higher geometrical mean cord IgE levels (n = 142; 0.46 IU/ml; range less than 0.10 to 30 IU/ml) than girls (n = 146; 0.33 IU/ml; range less than 0.10 to 8.0 IU/ml), which was attributed to a predominance of boys (chi 2 = 4.29; p less than 0.05) having more often elevated cord IgE (less than 1.20 IU/ml) than girls. Neonates of African-Asian origin had significantly (p less than 0.00005) higher cord IgE levels (n = 60; 1.05 IU/ml; range less than 0.10 to 125.0 IU/ml) than European neonates (n = 288; 0.39 IU/ml; range less than 0.10 to 30.0 IU/ml). PMID- 3920303 TI - Growth hormone secretion in the fetal sheep following stereotaxic electrolytic lesioning of the fetal hypothalamus. AB - Stereotaxic surgery was performed on sheep fetuses at 108 to 110 days of gestation to investigate hypothalamic influences on fetal growth hormone (GH) release. In 5 fetuses the median eminence was destroyed, in 6 damage was confined to the medial basal hypothalamus without total destruction of the median eminence, 6 had misplaced lesions and 4 were sham operated controls. Destruction of the median eminence led to a marked fall in GH secretion and an abolition of pulsatile GH release. Following lesioning of the median eminence, GH values are comparable to resting levels in the infant lamb. Pituitary infarction was excluded in these fetuses both histologically and by a maintained GH response to exogenous growth hormone releasing factor. Lesions of the medial basal hypothalamus without destruction of the median eminence led to a significant but lesser fall in GH secretion and a reduction in the pulsatility of GH release. Sham operated fetuses and those with lesions misplaced outside the endocrine hypothalamus showed maintained high circulating GH concentrations with marked pulsatility of GH release. These studies demonstrate that fetal GH release is solely dependent upon hypothalamic stimulation presumably mediated by growth hormone releasing factor. There is no evidence for pituitary autonomy or for direct extrahypothalamic stimulation of the fetal somatotrope. PMID- 3920304 TI - Localization of a dosage sensitive region for pyruvate kinase in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - A small segment of chromosome 1, 12AB-12C, in Drosophila melanogaster is dosage sensitive for the glycolytic enzyme pyruvate kinase (EC 2.7.1.40). We suggest that the enzyme is coded by a gene, Pyk+, located within this region. The activity of the enzyme over developmental time also was measured. PMID- 3920305 TI - Decreased dopachrome oxidoreductase activity in yellow mice. AB - Dopachrome oxidoreductase (DCOR) is a newly characterized enzyme in the melanin synthetic pathway, active in the conversion of dopachrome to 5,6-dihydroxyindole. DCOR and tyrosinase activity were measured in skin anagen hairbulbs from lethal yellow (Ay/a), sienna yellow (Asy/a) and recessive yellow (e/e) mice with and without treatment with melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH). DCOR activity was low (Asy/a) or absent (Ay/a, e/e) in yellow mice without MSH treatment, and increased dramatically in the lethal and sienna yellow mice with MSH. There was no increase in DCOR activity in recessive yellow mice with MSH. Corresponding tyrosinase activity was reduced in lethal yellow and sienna yellow mice without MSH, and increased with MSH. Tyrosinase activity was normal in recessive yellow mice without MSH and did not change with MSH. We conclude that DCOR is an MSH sensitive enzyme and that DCOR activity is absent in recessive yellow melanocytes. The latter finding suggests that the extension locus may be the DCOR locus. PMID- 3920306 TI - Intraoperative radiotherapy in advanced, recurrent or metastatic malignancy. PMID- 3920307 TI - Peptide growth factors PDGF, EGF, and FGF regulate interferon-gamma production. PMID- 3920308 TI - Maturational and functional diversity of human B lymphocytes delineated with anti Leu-8. AB - Human B lymphocyte subpopulations distinguished by their expression of the Leu-8 antigen were studied and found to differ in their respective maturational state and functional repertoire. The absence of Leu-8 expression correlated with an early step in antigen-driven B cell differentiation in that 1) as presented in the companion paper, germinal center B lymphocytes were uniformly Leu-8-, whereas mantle zone B cells were virtually all Leu-8+; 2) treatment of Leu-8+ B cells with the combination of rabbit anti-human mu-chain and B cell growth factor (BCGF), but not with either reagent alone, caused the loss of Leu-8 expression in addition to causing these cells to proliferate; and 3) only the Leu-8- B cell subset contained cells expressing the 4F2 activation antigen. Functional studies of peripheral blood B cells revealed that B cells giving rise to antibody-forming cells in the presence of T cells and pokeweed mitogen (PWM) were found almost exclusively in the Leu-8- subset of B cells, even though this subset comprised a minority of circulating B lymphocytes. By contrast, Leu-8+ B cells proliferated more vigorously than Leu-8- B cells to formalinized Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I (SAC). These data demonstrate that Leu-8 is an important maturational and functional marker for human B lymphocytes. PMID- 3920309 TI - B cells in patients with X-linked agammaglobulinemia. AB - X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) has been described as a disorder in which pre-B cells fail to differentiate into B cells. However, a small number of B cells have been seen occasionally in patients with this disorder. Because the phenotype of these cells might be helpful in defining the site of the defect in XLA, immunofluorescent staining techniques were used to characterize the B cells that can be found in patients with XLA. Surface IgM-positive B cells could be detected in the peripheral circulation of all seven patients studied. These B cells constituted a very small percentage of the total lymphocytes (0.01 to 0.3% compared with 3.2 to 13.7% in controls) and differed in phenotype from control B cells. They were much more brightly stained for surface IgM (p less than 0.001) and less brightly stained for Ia (p less than 0.01). This phenotype is similar to that described for immature B cells in the mouse. Over 80% of the patients' B cells expressed surface IgD, and all expressed the B cell marker B1, but only 35% expressed the B cell marker B2. This B cell marker, which is the C3d receptor and the Epstein-Barr virus receptor, is expressed later in ontogeny than B1 and can be detected on over 80% of control B cells. All B cells expressed either kappa or lambda light chain. These findings indicate that the defect in differentiation of pre-B cells into B cells is not absolute in patients with XLA. The immature phenotype of the B cells additionally suggests that there may be a block in the maturation of B cells at more than one stage of differentiation in this disorder. PMID- 3920310 TI - Polyclonal B cell stimulation and interleukin 1 induction by the mucoid exopolysaccharide of Pseudomonas aeruginosa associated with cystic fibrosis. AB - Mucoid exopolysaccharide isolated from Pseudomonas aeruginosa obtained from colonized cystic fibrosis patients was found to be a potent mitogen for mouse lymphocytes. The responding lymphocyte was a B cell, and we found no evidence that T cell could proliferate or synergize with B cells in response to the mucoid exopolysaccharide. Proliferation was not inhibitable by polymyxin B, which blocks lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced proliferation, indicating that a minor LPS contaminant in the purified exopolysaccharide was not the mitogenic component. Mucoid exopolysaccharide induced secretion of IgG, suggesting that it is polyclonal mitogen. It also induced splenic adherent cells (macrophages) to produce interleukin 1. We propose that mucoid exopolysaccharide produced by P. aeruginosa present in the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients may have potent in vivo consequences resulting in aberrant immunoregulation and inhibition of effective immune elimination of P. aeruginosa. PMID- 3920311 TI - Induction of IgG secretion in a human B cell clone with recombinant IL 2. AB - A human B cell clone (SGB3) responsive to IL 2 was established. Both recombinant IL 2 and B cell differentiation factor (BCDF) induced IgG secretion in SGB3 cells in a dose-dependent manner, but IL 2 did not affect the proliferation of SGB3 cells. FACS analysis showed that SGB3 cells expressed Tac antigen and anti-Tac antibody inhibited IL 2-induced IgG secretion without any inhibitory effect on BCDF-induced IgG secretion. These results showed that IL 2 could directly act on B cells and provide a differentiation signal through IL 2 receptors distinct from BCDF receptors. Physiologic relevance of IL 2 in the antibody response was discussed. PMID- 3920312 TI - Induction of interleukin 2 responsiveness in thymocytes by synergistic action of interleukin 1 and interleukin 2. AB - Thymocyte cultures from C3H/HeJ mice were stimulated for proliferative responses with purified preparations of interleukin 1 (IL 1) and interleukin 2 (IL 2). Synergistic responses were obtained in the absence of mitogen. In the presence of excess IL 2, the thymocyte proliferation response was strictly dependent on the amount of IL 1 in the cultures. Antibodies to IL 1 inhibited the response in a dose-dependent manner. The combination of IL 1 plus IL 2 induced the appearance of IL 2 receptors on murine thymocytes as detected with a monoclonal antibody directed against the IL 2 receptor. Neither IL 1 nor IL 2 alone had this effect. The thymic subpopulation found to become IL 2 responsive upon IL 1 stimulus was the peanut agglutinin-negative (PNA-) medullary fraction. PMID- 3920313 TI - Unusual expression of IL 2 receptors and both the c-myb and c-raf oncogenes in T cell lines and clones derived from autoimmune MRL-lpr/lpr mice. AB - Concomitant with their disease, autoimmune MRL-lpr/lpr mice develop a profound lymphadenopathy composed of an unusual dull Lyt-1+ population of T cells. To examine the unusual growth properties and origin of these T cells, as well as their potential role in disease, very rapidly growing T cell lines and clones have been developed from cultures of MRL-lpr/lpr spleen and LN cells. These were studied for growth receptors, oncogene expression, and surface markers. The results further demonstrate the unique nature of lpr-derived T cells and show that i) all lines and clones exhibit greatly elevated expression of both the c myb and the c-raf oncogenes, ii) despite the reported defect in IL 2 receptor expression of mitogen-activated fresh MRL-lpr/lpr T cells, all long-term lines or clones bear large numbers of IL 2 receptors continuously and without stimulation, although iii) unlike slower growing IL 2-dependent lines from MRL-lpr/lpr mice, these rapidly growing lines and clones are poorly inhibited by anti-IL 2 receptor antibody. Such IL 2 receptor-bearing, nontransformed T cells that are easily maintained have been useful in growth factor studies. PMID- 3920314 TI - Increased proliferation of human synovial fibroblasts treated with recombinant immune interferon. AB - Because immune lymphocytes are commonly found in inflamed rheumatoid synovium, we tested the hypothesis that immune or gamma-interferon, a product of activated lymphocytes, may modulate synovial cell growth. Using a cell culture model, we found that addition of gamma-interferon at 10 to 100 antiviral units/ml to cultures of human synovial fibroblasts or human foreskin fibroblasts resulted in a two- to threefold increase in proliferation, measured by incorporation of [3H]thymidine and cell number. The proliferative effect was abrogated if the gamma-interferon was neutralized with a specific monoclonal antibody. Increased proliferation induced by gamma-interferon was antagonized by all-transretinoic acid but was enhanced by prednisolone. Our data indicate that the T cell product, gamma-interferon, can directly modulate synovial cell function and suggest that this interaction may play a role in the proliferative lesion of rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 3920315 TI - Production of B cell growth factor by a Leu-7+, OKM1+ non-T cell with the features of large granular lymphocytes (LGL). AB - The present study reports the characterization of a non-T cell from human peripheral blood which is capable of releasing BCGF. This BCGF-producing non-T cell had a T3-, T8-, Leu-7+, OKM1+, HLA-DR-, Leu-11- surface phenotype and was likely to belong to the so-called large granular lymphocyte (LGL) subset because: after fractionation of non-T cells according to the expression of Leu-7 or HLA-DR markers, it was found in the Leu-7+, HLA-DR- fractions that were particularly enriched in LGL; it co-purified with LGL on Percoll density gradients; and it expressed Leu-7 and OKM1 markers that are shared by a large fraction of LGL. Although co-purified with cells with potent NK capacities, the BCGF-producing cell was not cytotoxic, because treatment of Leu-7+ cells with Leu-11 monoclonal antibody and complement abolished the NK activity but left the BCGF activity unaltered. The factor released by this LGL subset was not IL 1 or IL 2 mistakenly interpreted as BCGF, because: a) cell supernatants particularly rich in BCGF activity contained very little or no IL 1 or IL 2; b) BCGF-induced B cell proliferation was not inhibitable by anti-Tac antibodies (this in spite of the expression of IL 2 receptor by a proportion of activated B cells); and c) BCGF activity was absorbed by B but not T blasts. PMID- 3920316 TI - The majority of human monoclonal IgM rheumatoid factors express a "primary structure-dependent" cross-reactive idiotype. AB - Genetic studies of human immunoglobulin variable regions have been hampered by the lack of anti-idiotypic antibodies that recognize specific heavy and light chain variable region sequences. Sixty percent of human monoclonal IgM anti-IgG autoantibodies (rheumatoid factors [RF]) from unrelated individuals share a cross reactive idiotype (CRI) termed Wa. In previous experiments in which we used an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, we reported that a synthetic peptide (PSL2), corresponding to the second hypervariable region in the kappa light chain of a monoclonal IgM-RF (Sie), induced rabbit antibodies reactive with several RF paraproteins. In the present experiments, to avoid interference due to the human IgM-RF binding toward rabbit IgG, the reactivity of the anti-PSL2 antibody to the separated heavy and light chains of multiple IgM proteins and Bence-Jones proteins was assessed by the Western blot technique. The PSL2-induced anti-CRI reacted well with the separated kappa chains from 10 out of 12 IgM-RF, zero out of four light chains from IgM proteins lacking anti-IgG activity, and one out of six kappa Bence-Jones proteins. The results show that the PSL2-CRI is associated with RF and is not a kappa subgroup marker. Furthermore, a comparison of the reported light chain sequences of the PSL2-CRI-positive IgM-RF suggests that the majority of human IgM-RF light chains derive from a single germ-line VK gene or from a family of closely related VK genes that is highly conserved in the human population. Synthetic peptide-induced anti-CRI provide a potent tool for analyzing the genetic basis of CRI and abnormal autoantibody production in humans. PMID- 3920317 TI - Suppression of cytotoxic T lymphocyte activation by L-ornithine. AB - The effect of L-ornithine on several types of immune reactions was analyzed. L ornithine was found to suppress the activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in vivo and in vitro. This suppressive effect was not observed with the structural analogues D-ornithine, L-lysine, or putrescine or with the amino acids L-histidine or L-alanine. The concentration of 9 X 10(-3) M L-ornithine was found to mediate a practically complete suppression of the cytotoxic response in vitro if applied on day 0 or day 1 of the culture, but a comparably weak suppression if applied on day 3. The same concentration of L-ornithine had no effect on the production of the lymphokines interleukin 2 (IL 2) and gamma-interferon (IFN gamma). This concentration of ornithine had also no substantial effect on several types of proliferative responses, including the allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction, the concanavalin A-activated IL 2-dependent proliferation of thymocytes, and IL 2-dependent proliferation of the T cell clone W-2. These observations suggest that L-ornithine inhibits selectively the differentiation of CTL effector cells. By the criteria tested, the immunosuppressive effect of L ornithine is more selective than that of cyclosporine A, which was previously found to suppress not only the activation of cytotoxic activity but also proliferative responses and the production of the lymphokines IL 2 and IFN-gamma. PMID- 3920318 TI - Differences in initial rate of intracellular killing of Salmonella typhimurium by resident peritoneal macrophages from various mouse strains. AB - To determine the underlining mechanism of the difference in innate susceptibility of mouse strains to infection by Salmonella typhimurium, the ingestion and in vitro intracellular killing of S. typhimurium by resident peritoneal macrophages of mouse strains that differ in natural resistance to this microorganism has been studied. The results revealed that the rate constants of in vitro phagocytosis (Kph) in the presence of inactivated rabbit immune serum did not differ between macrophages of susceptible C57BL/10 and resistant CBA mice (for both strains: Kph = 0.021 min-1). The rate constant of in vitro intracellular killing (Kk) was determined 1) after in vivo phagocytosis (CBA, Kk = 0.055 min-1; C57BL/10, Kk = 0.031 min-1), 2) after in vitro phagocytosis of preopsonized bacteria (CBA, Kk = 0.020 min-1; C57BL/10, Kk = 0.012 min-1), and 3) during continuous phagocytosis in vitro (CBA, Kk = 0.029 min-1; C57BL/10, Kk = 0.013 min-1). With all three approaches, the initial rate of intracellular killing by normal macrophages of Salmonella-resistant CBA mice amounted to about 1.7 times the value found for macrophages of susceptible C57BL/10 mice (p less than 0.01). This trait difference was independent of the previous way of ingestion of the bacteria, unaffected by the kind of opsonization, and specific for S. typhimurium, because Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes were killed by macrophages of these mouse strains with equal efficiency (p greater than 0.50). These findings indicate that a difference in genetic background expressed in the efficacy of intracellular killing by resident peritoneal macrophages immediately upon ingestion of S. typhimurium is relevant for the innate resistance of mice against S. typhimurium. PMID- 3920319 TI - Monoclonal antibodies directed against gonococcal protein I vary in bactericidal activity. AB - Monoclonal antibodies (Mab) with specificity for protein I (PI) from Neisseria gonorrhoeae (GC) were examined for bactericidal activity. Mab 4G5 (gamma 3), ID3 (gamma 2a), and 1G6 (gamma 2a) bound to surface-exposed epitopes on PI of GC strain R11 (IA serotype) as assessed by co-agglutination and 125I protein A uptake. Mab 2H1 (gamma 3) that were directed against IB serotype strains and Mab 2E9 (gamma 2a) were negative in co-agglutination and protein A uptake assays and served as controls for some experiments. Only 4G5 and 1D3 were bactericidal for R11 when presensitized organisms were incubated in 10% absorbed, pooled normal human serum (PNHS) or 10% hypogammaglobulinemic serum (H gamma S) despite binding of nearly equivalent numbers of 4G5, 1D3, and 1G6 to R11 during presensitization, as assessed by 125I-protein A uptake. These Mab activated complement to a similar extent on GC R11, leading to deposition of 56.4 X 10(3), 61.9 X 1093), and 47.1 X 10(3) molecules of C3/organism during incubation in 10% C8-deficient serum. Deposition occurred almost exclusively via the classical complement pathway. Measurement of complement component C9 binding to R11 during incubation in H gamma S showed 35,700 molecules of C9/organism with 4G5, 32,600 C9/organism with 1D3, and surprisingly, 29,600 C9/organism with 1G6. Eight thousand four hundred molecules of C9/organism bound to 2E9-coated organisms, 6000 C9/organism to 2H1 coated bacteria, and 3600 C9/organism to nonpresensitized organisms. The C5b-9 complex deposited by 4G5 had a different sedimentation profile by sucrose density gradient analysis from the C5b-9 complex deposited by 1G6, consistent with a different molecular configuration of the bound complex. Mab 1G6 and 1D3, but not 2E9 or 2H1, were able to compete with 125I-4G5 for binding to GC R11. A Mab (2E6) directed against protein III of GC competed weakly with 125I-4G5 for binding to GC R11. Mab 1G6, but not 1D3, blocked 4G5-dependent killing in a dose-related fashion. Both 4G5 and IG6 reacted weakly with native PI of GC R11 by immunoblotting, but neither Mab recognized the 34,800 m.w. fragment of PI generated by trypsin and chymotrypsin treatment of outer membranes. In contrast, 2E9 reacted strongly by immunoblot with both native and cleaved PI of GC R11, suggesting binding to buried determinants of PI. These experiments show that Mab directed against identical or closely associated, surface-exposed epitopes on gonococcal PI differ markedly in bactericidal activity, despite leading to deposition of nearly equivalent numbers of C3 and C9 molecules per organism. PMID- 3920320 TI - Enhanced accumulation of inflammatory neutrophils and macrophages mediated by transfer of T cells from mice immunized with Listeria monocytogenes. AB - We have previously shown that listeria-immunized mice recruit more inflammatory neutrophils and macrophages to the peritoneal cavity after i.p. injection of a sterile irritant than do nonimmune mice. Because the inflammatory phagocytes that were obtained from listeria-immune and nonimmune mice did not differ in their ability to kill Listeria monocytogenes in vitro, this suggested that the rapid recruitment of listericidal inflammatory neutrophils and macrophages may be critically important for resistance to listeriosis. In this study we demonstrate that the transfer of listeria-immune T cells, which enhances recipient resistance to listeriosis, also increases the ability of recipients to mobilize inflammatory neutrophils and macrophages to the peritoneal cavity after the i.p. injection of dead listeria. The transfer of enhanced inflammatory responsiveness was blocked by pretreatment of the transferred cells with anti-Thy-1.2 plus complement, and the magnitude of the inflammatory cell accumulation was dependent on the number of listeria-immune T cells that were injected. Inflammatory neutrophils and macrophages that were obtained from the mice after the transfer of listeria immune or nonimmune T cells (plus dead listeria) did not differ in their ability to kill L. monocytogenes in vitro. These data suggest that the elicitation of an inflammatory response may be an important event in T cell-mediated resistance to listeriosis. PMID- 3920321 TI - One gene encodes two distinct Ia-associated invariant chains. AB - Murine immune response region-encoded Ia antigens are associated not only with invariant (Ii) chain but also with several other polypeptides, most notably a 41K protein. The present report demonstrates a striking similarity between Ii and 41K. These polypeptides were found to be serologically cross-reactive, and they also display a similar peptide composition on partial enzymatic digestion. Both polypeptides are derived from distinct unglycosylated precursors, as demonstrated by tunicamycin treatment and cellfree translation. Hybrid selection of mRNA, as well as Northern blotting with an Ii cDNA, shows the presence of two mRNA coding for the Ii chain and the 41K protein. Rat fibroblasts transfected with a mouse genomic Ii clone synthesize both the murine Ii chain and the 41K protein. These observations demonstrate that a single Ii gene encodes two distinct but closely related proteins. PMID- 3920322 TI - The VK gene expressed by BALB/c ABPC48 cross-reactive idiotypes induced by anti idiotypic immunization is identical to that of BALB/c anti-oxazolone and A/J anti arsonate antibodies. AB - Anti-idiotypic immunization triggers the production of antibodies that are structurally related to the idiotype. We have shown that the heavy chain variable regions of antibodies produced after anti-ABPC48 (A48) anti-idiotypic immunization of BALB/c mice are homologous to that of A48, except for the third hypervariable region. We present here partial light chain sequences of A48 and of antibodies induced by anti-idiotypic immunization. Nearly perfect homology is found, suggesting that these chains are the products of genes derived from a unique VK germ-line gene. These observations indicate that the H and L hypervariable regions contribute to define the structure of A48 idiotopes. Remarkably, the VK sequence we identify is the same as that described for anti arsonate and anti-oxazolone antibodies. We discuss the relative importance of particular amino acids for idiotype expression and antigen-binding activity. PMID- 3920323 TI - In vivo activity of lymphokine-activated macrophages in host defense against neoplasia. AB - Purified splenic macrophage (M phi) from normal DBA/2J mice and mice bearing P815 tumors were examined for responsiveness to lymphokine (LK) preparations containing high concentrations of IFN-gamma. For both normal and tumor-bearing M phi, LK treatment induced morphologic changes and increased the percentage of Ia+ cells from 35 to 55%. Although neither population exhibited spontaneous cytotoxicity toward P815 targets, LK treatment induced considerable tumoricidal activity in tumor-bearing M phi (32 to 80% lysis) but only minimal activity in normal M phi (8 to 17% lysis). Subcutaneous injection of 1 X 10(6)P815 cells into DBA/2J led to progressive tumor growth and death of 100% of the recipients after 27 +/- 3 days. Injection of a 1:18 mixture of P815 with either LK-activated normal or tumor-bearing M phi caused tumor regression after 10 days, and prolonged life until 43 +/- 4 days with tumor-bearing M phi and 39 +/- 3 days with normal M phi. Untreated normal or tumor-bearing M phi were unable to cause the effect (30 +/- 2 days), and lymphocytes could not be substituted for M phi (25 +/- 3 days). In x-irradiated recipients, no effect of LK-activated M phi could be observed (control = 19 +/- 2 days; LK-activated tumor-bearing M phi = 21 +/- 3 days). In addition, administration of an admixture of LK-treated M phi and x-rayed tumor before challenge with viable P815 enabled the recipient to inhibit tumor growth and caused tumor necrosis with inflammatory cell infiltration of the tumor. These observations suggest that, in part, LK-activated M phi may interact in vivo with host-derived cellular components and enhance the immune reactivity of the host against the tumor. PMID- 3920324 TI - Ricin-resistant human T-cell hybridomas producing interferon gamma. AB - Ricin-resistant variants of the SH9 T-cell line were selected after growth of this line in medium containing toxic amounts of ricin, a lectin derived from Ricinus communis. The ricin-resistant SH9 lines, SH9.R0 and SH9.R1, were demonstrated to be deficient in cell surface ricin-binding sites, but otherwise had the cellular phenotype of SH9 cells. Ricin-resistant T-cell hybridomas were prepared by fusion of SH9.R0 and SH9.R1 with activated T-lymphocytes. The presence of ricin in the selection medium rapidly killed unfused T-lymphocytes and prevented cell transformation by human T-cell leukaemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) which is shed by the SH9.R0 and SH9.R1 cells. This ensured that the cells growing out were indeed hybridomas. Ricin-resistant T-cell hybridomas were characterised and also shown to lack cell surface receptors for ricin. Analysis of T-cell surface markers indicated that the T-cell hybridomas could be the result of fusions between SH9.R1 cells and T-helper lymphocytes or T-suppressor lymphocytes. All of the T-cell hybridomas prepared in this study spontaneously produced interferon gamma (IFN gamma). PMID- 3920325 TI - A two-site sandwich radioimmunoassay of human gamma interferon with monoclonal antibodies. AB - Two monoclonal antibodies (nos. 6008 and 6016) were raised against human gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) derived from E. coli harboring the recombinant cDNA for IFN-gamma, and one (3710) against a synthetic peptide representing its C-terminus amino acid sequence of 20 residues. The monoclonal antibody against the synthetic peptide (3710) reacted either with IFN-gamma or the synthetic peptide. One monoclonal anti-IFN-gamma (6008) did not react with the synthetic peptide, while the other (6016) showed a weak binding with the peptide. The binding of the monoclonal antibody against the synthetic peptide (3710) with IFN-gamma was not inhibited by 6008, but to a certain extent by 6016. A 2-site '1-step' radioimmunoassay was developed in which 6008 was fixed on a solid-phase support, and the test sample together with radiolabeled 3710 was added for the binding with it. The assay was rapid with a sensitivity capable of detecting a few ng/ml of IFN-gamma. PMID- 3920326 TI - Limitations in the use of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for identification and quantification of thermogenin. AB - The use of immunological assays, ELISA and RIA, for the identification and quantification of thermogenin (the brown adipose tissue-specific, GDP-binding, 32 kDa uncoupling protein) raises doubts regarding the exclusive occurrence of thermogenin in brown adipose tissue. Weak reactions between mitochondria from rat liver, rat skeletal and heart muscle and hamster white adipose and thermogenin antibodies have been observed (Cannon et al., 1982; Lean et al., 1983; Hansen et al., 1984). In order to study whether these reactions were due to thermogenin in tissues other than brown adipose tissue (BAT) or due to non-specific binding of thermogenin antibodies, a protein from rat liver mitochondria and a protein from tubifex mitochondria were isolated by the same procedure as thermogenin. The 2 proteins had almost the same molecular weight as thermogenin and reacted with thermogenin antibodies in ELISA and dot-blotting, but did not bind GDP and had an amino acid composition different from that of thermogenin. It is concluded that the weak reactions seen between thermogenin antibodies and mitochondria from different tissues other than BAT are due to non-specific binding, and that antibody cross-reactivity alone is unsuitable for the identification of thermogenin. PMID- 3920327 TI - Paratyphoid fever presenting with grand mal fits and cerebellar signs. AB - We report a case of Salmonella paratyphi B infection in a man who presented with cerebellar signs and convulsions. Later he developed vertebral osteomyelitis and a paravertebral abscess. He was treated successfully with chloramphenicol for 14 days and then long-term amoxycillin. PMID- 3920328 TI - Isolation of a group Y meningococcus from a patient with pneumonia. PMID- 3920329 TI - Effect of high dosages of bacterial challenge on acid phosphatase release from Biomphalaria glabrata hemocytes. PMID- 3920330 TI - Dermatitis herpetiformis: biochemical properties of the granular deposits of IgA in papillary dermis. Characterization of SDS-soluble IgA-like material and potentially antigen-binding IgA fragments released by pepsin. AB - Granular deposits of IgA in radioactively labeled thin slices of papillary dermis from 4-mm punch biopsies of clinically normal skin from patients with dermatitis herpetiformis were solubilized with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) or peptic digestion at pH 4.5. Solubilized IgA-like material was isolated by immunoprecipitation and analyzed by electrophoresis in one and two dimensions in polyacrylamide gels containing SDS followed by autoradiography. SDS extracts contained IgA-like components corresponding to monomers, dimers, as well as higher polymers of IgA. A fraction of the SDS-soluble material behaved like IgA upon immunoprecipitation but could not be deaggregated to alpha- and light chains by reduction and alkylation, suggesting that it was present as irreversible aggregates with itself or with other proteins. Peptic digestion at pH 4.5 released fragments which were precipitated by antibodies to human alpha-chains and had molecular weights similar to the proteolytic fragments corresponding to F(ab)2 and Fab formed by peptic digestion of human monomeric IgA under the same conditions. PMID- 3920331 TI - Prostaglandin and leukotriene synthesis in mouse ears inflamed by arachidonic acid. AB - Topical application of arachidonic acid on mouse ears induces the synthesis of prostaglandin E2 and leukotrienes C4 and D4. The increased tissue levels of these products are quantitated by radioimmunoassay. The identity of the leukotrienes was confirmed by immunoreactivity of reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography fractions corresponding to authentic standards. Synthesis of the arachidonic acid metabolites precedes or is coincident with increased vascular permeability resulting in an edematous response, as measured by accumulation of [125I]albumin in the ear after i.v. injection or by tissue wet weight. When applied topically, anti-inflammatory drugs such as BW755C (3-amino-1-(m [trifluoromethyl]phenyl)2-pyrazoline, indomethacin, and nordihydroguaiaretic acid inhibit edema and modulate the appearance of the arachidonic acid products. The data suggest the coinvolvement of prostaglandin E2 and leukotrienes C4 and D4 as mediators of inflammation in this in vivo model. PMID- 3920332 TI - Mechanism of tetracycline phototoxicity. PMID- 3920333 TI - [Effects of neonatal androgenization on 7,12-dimethylbenz[a] anthracene-induced rat endometrial carcinogenesis]. AB - Effects of neonatal androgenization on 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) induced endometrial carcinogenesis in Sprague-Dawley rats are studied. Testosterone propionate (1.25 mg) was injected subcutaneously into 110 2-day-old rats. At 8 weeks of age, a pellet containing 0.2 or 1mg DMBA was introduced into each uterine horn of both neonatally intact control rat (NR) and neonatally androgenized rat (ASR). All rats were killed at 24 or 48 weeks of age. The results were as follows. Vehicle group: No malignant uterine tumor was observed during both 16- and 40-week observation periods in either 122 horns of NR or 98 of ASR. 0.2 mg DMBA treated group: No malignant uterine tumor was detected in either 80 NR or 72 ASR during a 16-week observation period. Although three malignant uterine tumors were found among 72 NR during a 40-week observation period, no malignant uterine tumor was observed in 30 ASR. 1mg DMBA treated group: Although one malignant uterine tumor of 16 NR was found during a 16-week observation period, no malignant uterine tumor was observed in 20 ASR. Four malignant uterine tumors of 168 NR induced by DMBA were histologically 2 squamous cell carcinomas and two sarcomas. As mentioned above, although four malignant uterine tumors were induced by DMBA in 168 NR, no malignant uterine tumor was found in 122 ASR. These results seem to indicate that neonatal androgenization suppressed the induction of malignant rat uterine tumors by DMBA. PMID- 3920334 TI - [Detection of anti-C+D+G (CD) caused by Rh-incompatible pregnancy]. PMID- 3920335 TI - Effect of ventilation on breath hydrogen measurements. AB - Measurement of hydrogen (H2) in expired air by interval sampling after oral administration of carbohydrate detects sugar malabsorption. Standard breath H2 tests require comparison of H2 concentrations in expired air samples obtained immediately before and after delivery of a test substrate. Comparison of interval samples assumes that minute ventilation (VE) remains constant unless H2 is independent of VE. Because healthy individuals have variable VE, we determined how H2 is influenced by changes in VE. H2 concentration was studied at different ventilatory rates in eight healthy adults. It varied inversely with VE in all subjects. We also compared the effect of changes in VE on the relationship between H2 and carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations in expired air samples. At constant VE, the relationship between H2 and CO2 was linear (r = 0.95, P less than 0.001). As VE changed, the relationship between H2 and CO2 became nonlinear. Changes in VE altered methane concentrations in expired air samples from two subjects in a manner comparable to the effect on H2. These results demonstrate that breath H2 concentrations vary with ventilatory rate. Under conditions where frequent changes in VE are likely, independent measures for ensuring constant VE over sampling times are necessary. Use of CO2 as an internal standard to normalize H2 values to an alveolar concentration is appropriate only under conditions of constant VE. PMID- 3920336 TI - Storage iron exchange in the rat as affected by deferoxamine. AB - The initial tissue localization and redistribution of radioactive iron injected intravenously into the rat as ferritin, chondroitin sulfate, and nonviable red cells was determined. Ferritin iron, initially localized in the hepatocyte, showed minimal redistribution over 24 hours in the normal animal. This may be compared with the active release of iron from the reticuloendothelial cell after the intravenous injection of nonviable red cells and chondroitin sulfate iron. All forms of iron were actively mobilized in iron-deficient animals. The effect of chelation of iron by deferoxamine (DFO) on the redistribution pattern over 4 to 6 hours was determined in iron-deficient, normal, iron-loaded, and phenylhydrazine-treated rats to evaluate the effect of iron stores and erythropoiesis. Use of DFO resulted in extensive chelation of radioactive iron within the hepatocyte and greatly reduced the amount of hepatocyte iron available for erythropoiesis. Very little chelation of reticuloendothelial cell-processed iron occurred, and there was little decrease in its utilization for red cell production. Total urinary chelate iron was independent of erythropoiesis but varied in parallel with the iron load of the animal. These studies suggest that DFO does not act on the reticuloendothelial cell but does have at least two sites of action, both of which relate to total storage iron. One involves hepatocyte stores with excretion into the intestinal tract. The other, possibly located at the hepatocyte membrane, results in urinary iron excretion. PMID- 3920337 TI - Free radical scavengers in mercuric chloride-induced acute renal failure in the rat. AB - Oxygen free radicals have recently been found to mediate cell injury after ischemia in the kidney. We sought to determine whether oxygen free radicals mediate damage in mercuric chloride (HgCl2)-induced acute renal failure, a toxic model of acute renal failure. Neither superoxide dismutase nor allopurinol, which scavenges or inhibits production of superoxide radical, respectively, provided protection against renal dysfunction after HgCl2. Similarly, the hydroxyl radical scavengers tryptophan, N-acetyl-tryptophan, and ascorbic acid were unable to protect against HgCl2. However, dimethylthiourea and dimethyl sulfoxide, both hydroxyl radical scavengers, were beneficial. Dimethylthiourea completely prevented the rise in plasma creatinine concentration after HgCL2. In control rats plasma creatinine concentration rose from 0.4 mg/dl to 3.2 +/- 0.8, 5.1 +/- 1.0, and 6.1 +/- 1.6 mg/dl at 24, 48, and 72 hours after HgCl2. Dimethylthiourea treated rats had plasma creatinine concentration less than 0.5 mg/dl at all times. Furthermore, a mixture of HgCl2 and equimolar amounts of dimethylthiourea was less toxic than HgCl2 alone. Dimethyl sulfoxide attenuated the HgCl2-induced rise in creatinine concentration: 1.3 +/- 0.2, 3.2 +/- 0.3, and 3.1 +/- 0.2 mg/dl at 24, 48, and 72 hours after HgCl2. Measurement of kidney malondialdehyde content after HgCl2 provided no evidence for oxygen free radical-mediated lipid peroxidation. We conclude that there is no convincing role for oxygen free radicals in the pathogenesis of HgCl2-induced acute renal failure. The ability of dimethylthiourea and dimethyl sulfoxide to protect against HgCl2-induced renal dysfunction may be related to their ability to form complexes with Hg2+. PMID- 3920338 TI - Active site-specific inhibition by 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea of two genetically homologous flavoenzymes: glutathione reductase and lipoamide dehydrogenase. AB - We extended our previous studies of the selectivity and mechanism of action as an enzyme inhibitor of 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU), an antitumor drug now widely used to inactivate glutathione reductase (GSSG-R) experimentally. In contrast to other enzymes examined so far, lipoamide dehydrogenase (LSSLNH2-D) was, like its genetic relative GSSG-R, also strongly inhibited by BCNU. The drug concentration needed to inactivate GSSG-R and LSSLNH2-D was much smaller than that affecting the least resistant of five other flavoenzymes tested. When oxidized, both GSSG-R and LSSLNH2-D were resistant to BCNU, and to be effective, the drug had to interact directly with enzyme protein reduced by its specific pyridine nucleotide. In intact human erythrocytes, GSSG-R was mostly reduced and LSSLNH2-D activity undetectable. The partial genetic homology of GSSG-R and LSSLNH2-D and their special sensitivity to BCNU provided a unique opportunity to define more exactly the site of drug-enzyme interaction through comparative coenzyme studies combined with direct and reciprocal substrate competition experiments. The results, together with earlier data on the prevention of BCNU inhibition by cysteine, indicate that the nitrosourea achieves its relative selectivity against the two related flavoenzymes by interacting with at least one of the two reduced cysteinyls located within their oxidoredox active site. For GSSG-R, the attacked cysteinyl is most probably Cys-58. PMID- 3920339 TI - Intracellular activation of human and rodent macrophages by human lymphokines encapsulated in liposomes. AB - Cell-free culture supernatant fluids rich in macrophage-activating factor (MAF) activity were obtained from mitogen-stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes (MNL). The MAF preparations were incubated with human peripheral blood monocytes, rat alveolar macrophages (AM), and mouse peritoneal exudate macrophages (PEM). Only human monocytes were rendered tumorilytic against the human A375 melanoma cells, whereas rat AM or mouse PEM were not activated to lyse their respective syngeneic tumor targets. In contrast, once entrapped in multilamellar liposomes, the human MAF activated the human and rodent macrophages to become tumoricidal. The MAF activity was not due to contamination with endotoxins nor to the presence of gamma interferon. These data suggest that in contrast to macrophage surface receptors, which are species specific, the intracellular target sites for human MAF may cross species barriers. PMID- 3920340 TI - Effect of prostaglandins on complement production by tissue macrophages. AB - Tissue macrophages produce several proteins of the complement system. The mechanisms that regulate this process are poorly understood. The established ability of certain prostaglandins to influence macrophage secretory activity suggests that these lipid mediators may also modulate complement production (CP). Using the guinea pig peritoneal macrophages, we determined the effects of selected prostaglandins on in vitro CP and found that PGE2 inhibited production of complement proteins but not lysozyme; the response of elicited and resident peritoneal cells to PGE2 was identical; and PGE1, PGF2 alpha, and PGI2 had no detectable effect. PGE2 may contribute to regulation of CP in vivo. PMID- 3920341 TI - Human T cell activation. I. Monocyte-independent activation and proliferation induced by anti-T3 monoclonal antibodies in the presence of tumor promoter 12-o tetradecanoyl phorbol-13 acetate. AB - Three monoclonal antibodies (mAb), of IgG1, IgG2a, and IgM isotypes, raised against the T3 complex, were used to probe the activation of human T cells. The IgM antibody 235 was not mitogenic for peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PMC). It efficiently blocked the proliferation of PMC induced by T cell mitogens, alloantigens, and soluble antigens. The other two antibodies were mitogenic, and behaved similarly to Leu 4 and OKT3, respectively. In T cell preparations with less than 0.1% monocytes (as assayed by nonspecific esterase staining), all three mAb were not mitogenic. They failed to induce either interleukin 2 (IL-2) receptor expression or IL-2 secretion. Addition of IL-1 failed to collaborate with anti-T3 mAb to induce these T cells to proliferate, but IL-2 enhanced T cell proliferation slightly. Monocyte-depleted T cells, however, proliferated in response to all three anti-T3 mAb, when TPA was added, in a dose-dependent manner. TPA induced a low level of IL-2 receptor expression in monocyte-depleted T cells, without inducing IL-2 secretion. Anti-T3 plus TPA induced a marked enhancement in both quantity and intensity of IL-2 receptor expression. IL-2 secretion was also detected. These results indicate that anti-T3 IgM can deliver an inductive signal despite its blockage of T cell proliferation, and that two signals are necessary and perhaps sufficient to induce human T cell activation and proliferation. PMID- 3920342 TI - Inter- and intraclonal diversity in the antibody response to influenza hemagglutinin. AB - This study focuses on 10 BALB/c anti-influenza virus (A/PR/8/34) hemagglutinin antibodies that have light chains encoded by the same variable region kappa chain (V kappa) gene, V kappa 21C. A comparison of antibodies from lymphocytes of independent origin reveals the contribution of germline diversity (combinatorial joining and association) to this response. Although combinatorial joining and association contribute to sequence diversity, they appear to have little effect on the fine specificity of these antibodies. Somatic mutation, in addition to contributing to the sequence diversity of these antibodies, creates differences in their fine specificity. The extent of mutation and its effect on fine specificity can be seen by comparing antibodies of lymphocytes from the same clone. These intraclonal comparisons also indicate that somatic mutation is an ongoing process occurring at a high rate (estimated to be at least 10(-3) mutations per base pair per division) in the expressed V region heavy chain (VH) and V kappa genes. Furthermore, both the nature and distribution of these mutations suggest that amino acid replacement mutations in the light but not the heavy chain are selected for by antigen. PMID- 3920344 TI - Observations of HDL components in female probands following an ultra-long distance run of 100 miles. AB - The serum concentrations of total cholesterol and triglycerides as well as the cholesterol, phosphatidyl choline, and apolipoprotein components of HDL were tested in 19 participants immediately before and immediately after a 100-mile run. After the run, taking into account any alterations in total protein, the following changes were observed: a decrease in total cholesterol (p less than 0.001), as well as in triglycerides (p less than 0.05), and an increase in HDL cholesterol (p less than 0.05), and HDL phosphatidyl choline (p less than 0.01). The concentrations of HDL apolipoprotein A-I and HDL apolipoprotein A-II were not affected. The results indicate a change in composition of HDL following extreme prolonged physical exercise in women. PMID- 3920345 TI - Immunoassay of C-reactive protein using the Hitachi 705 E Analyzer. AB - The use of the Hitachi 705 E Analyzer for the determination of C-reactive protein is described. The results correlated well with those from the radial immunodiffusion method (yHitachi = 1.04XRID + 2.0, r = 0.988; n = 57). The precision varied from 1.8 to 4.1% (CV) within run, and from 2.1 to 3.2% (CV) between run. The reagents are stable and the method appears to be especially suitable in emergency situations. PMID- 3920343 TI - Genetic elements used for a murine lupus anti-DNA autoantibody are closely related to those for antibodies to exogenous antigens. AB - The mRNAs encoding heavy and light chains of a hybridoma-derived monoclonal IgM kappa anti-DNA autoantibody from lupus-prone MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr mice (Ighj) have been transcribed into cDNA copies and molecularly cloned, and their complete nucleotide sequences have been determined. The mRNA for the heavy chain variable region, including leader peptide and 5' untranslated region, is transcribed from a heavy chain variable region (VH) gene closely related (and possibly allelic) to VH genes of the C57BL/6 (Ighb) nitrophenyl antibody family. The deduced amino acid sequence corresponding to the light chain variable region of this autoantibody shows extensive similarities with non-autoantibody molecules of the V kappa 1 group, suggesting a common variable gene origin. The joining segments, constant regions, and 3' untranslated regions of both the heavy and light chain mRNAs are nearly identical to corresponding sequences of non-autoantibodies from normal mice. Our findings suggest that this anti-DNA autoantibody originated from the same germline repertoire as antibodies to exogenous antigens. PMID- 3920346 TI - Enzyme assays for the identification of gastric fluid. AB - Simple, reliable procedures for the assay of pepsin and rennin-like enzyme activities are described as a means of identifying gastric fluid-containing samples in forensic science laboratories. These samples are usually vomitus, or stomach contents originating from wounds that perforate the stomach. They may be encountered at scenes or on articles submitted for examination, in fresh form or as dried stains. The pepsin activity assay is based on proteolytic activity with bovine albumin as substrate and the rennin-like activity assay is based on the coagulation of milk protein. PMID- 3920347 TI - Turnover of the cell wall peptidoglycan during growth of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Escherichia coli. Relative stability of newly synthesized material. AB - The peptidoglycan of a number of strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Escherichia coli turned over during exponential growth as monitored by the loss of radioactivity (supplied as [14C]glucosamine) from SDS-insoluble material. However, no turnover of the peptide side chains of E. coli peptidoglycan was observed (monitored by diamino[3H]pimelic acid) even though turnover of glycan material was occurring. Turnover rates of 9 to 15% per generation were recorded for all the N. gonorrhoeae strains studied except for the autolytic variant RD5 which showed a higher rate of turnover (20 to 26% per generation). In contrast to previous interpretations, these rates of turnover were not affected by benzylpenicillin, unless sufficient antibiotic was present to affect culture turbidity, when lysis occurred. Examination of the fragments (monomer, dimer and their O-acetylated counterparts, and oligomers) produced by Chalaropsis B muramidase treatment of prelabelled peptidoglycan revealed that no fraction of the peptidoglycan was immune from turnover. However, peptidoglycan pulse-labelled for only 10 min did not show immediate turnover. The lapse of time before turnover commenced was strain dependent, with a maximum value of 1.5 generations. This work confirms that the peptidoglycan of N. gonorrhoeae undergoes a period of maturation and suggests that only mature peptidoglycan turns over. PMID- 3920348 TI - Inactivation of the scrapie agent by ultraviolet irradiation in the presence of chlorpromazine. AB - The sensitivity of the scrapie agent to u.v. inactivation was found to be related to the purity of the tissue preparation. Scrapie infectivity associated with membrane vesicles was unaffected when irradiated with 10(4) J/m2. Irradiation of more highly purified preparations from detergent-extracted CsCl gradient fractions reduced scrapie infectivity from 10(7.8) log10 LD50 per ml to as low as 10(4.5). Sensitivity of membrane-associated scrapie infectivity to inactivation by u.v. irradiation could be increased by addition of chlorpromazine, a phenthiazine antipsychotic which penetrates lipid bilayers and induces single strand breaks in nucleic acids under irradiation. Chlorpromazine without irradiation, and a semiquinone protein-binding radical of chlorpromazine, failed to decrease scrapie infectivity by themselves. A closely related phenthiazine antipsychotic, trifluoperazine, which does not bind to nucleic acids, did not reduce scrapie infectivity. These findings suggest that the target of u.v. radiation for inactivation of scrapie infectivity in the presence of chlorpromazine is an essential nucleic acid. PMID- 3920349 TI - Characterization of proteins in membrane vesicles from scrapie-infected hamster brain. AB - Previous studies have shown that the scrapie agent is highly membrane-associated. We examined the protein composition of gradient fractions enriched for large membrane vesicles prepared from scrapie-infected and uninfected hamster brain using various methods to extract membrane proteins. We also examined proteins in detergent-extracted membrane vesicles fractionated on CsCl gradients. No qualitative differences in protein composition were seen comparing scrapie infected and uninfected samples by one-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Extraction of proteins from membrane vesicles by phenol, pyridine, perchloric acid or lithium diiodosalicylate also failed to reveal any unique proteins in scrapie-infected hamster brain. Attempts to solubilize hydrophobic proteins (proteolipids) from CsCl gradient fractions into organic solvents were unsuccessful. These findings indicate that any hydrophobic protein associated with the scrapie agent is not a proteolipid, and that the ability of solvents to reduce scrapie infectivity is not a result of extraction of a proteolipid. PMID- 3920350 TI - Characterization of lipids in membrane vesicles from scrapie-infected hamster brain. AB - The lipid compositions of membrane vesicles from scrapie-infected and uninfected hamster brains were examined before and after detergent extraction. No differences were observed in polar lipids, glycolipids, gangliosides or neutral lipids examined by thin-layer chromatography. Analysis of detergent-extracted CsCl gradient fractions with high scrapie infectivity failed to reveal any glycerolphosphatides, although neutral lipids were demonstrated. The major neutral lipid associated with detergent-extracted membrane vesicles from both infected and uninfected brain was an unidentified lipid which was found to absorb u.v. radiation strongly from 250 to 300 nm wavelengths. Membrane neutral lipids that strongly absorb u.v. radiation at wavelengths normally used to inactivate viruses may protect a small nucleic acid essential for scrapie infectivity. PMID- 3920351 TI - Catabolic sites of human interferon-gamma. AB - Recombinant human interferon-gamma (HuIFN-gamma) injected into rabbits disappeared from the circulation more rapidly than natural IFN-gamma. The latter displayed an initial decay curve more rapid than that for natural HuIFN-alpha although 4 h after injection plasma levels were similar. This result suggests that IFN-gamma has pharmacokinetic properties different to those of IFN-alpha which may be explained by considerable and simultaneous hepatic and renal catabolism. Surprisingly, the hepatic uptake of recombinant (unglycosylated) IFN gamma was more marked than uptake of natural IFN-gamma. Moreover, both IFN-gamma preparations were cleared by the isolated and perfused kidney and once again the recombinant IFN disappeared more rapidly. This result does not conform with the suggestion that IFN-gamma exists as a tetramer which would not be filtered by the glomerulus, but is consistent with the pharmacokinetic behaviour shown in vivo. PMID- 3920352 TI - [Cerebral and ocular abnormalities with anterior pituitary insufficiency of familial nature]. AB - Three families presenting one or several cases of brain or ophthalmic abnormalities and an hypopituitarism at least by one of the members have been observed. In the first family, the mother and one of her sons present bilateral choroidoretineal coloboma with amblyopia; one of these two suffers as well from panhypopituitarism. In the second family two premature twins, a brother and his sister, present a syndrome with hypophyseal dwarfism and ophthalmic abnormalities, consisting in the boy's case in an peripapillary depigmentation with no visible sight trouble whereas girl's is showing an extreme microphthalmia with major mental retardation. In the third family two 2nd degree cousins present a panhypopituitarism but only one of the two reveals through neuroradiological investigations corpus callosum and septum lucidum agenesia. The karyotype is normal in all the cases. An hereditary mechanism appears clearly in the first family. It is possible in the second, probable in the third one. PMID- 3920353 TI - Demonstration of a transient rheumatoid factor in the acute phase of hepatitis non A, non B. AB - The evaluation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test designed to detect antigens of hepatitis non A, non B (HNANB) revealed that a rheumatoid factor (RF)-like reaction was interfering. This RF-like reaction was not detectable by routine screening methods for RF, such as latex agglutination or the Waaler Rose test. Testing of sequential sera of chimpanzees with acute HNANB showed that this RF-like reaction was present in the acute phase of HNANB simultaneously with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) elevations. Characterization of this RF-like reaction revealed the presence of an IgM antibody against human IgG that banded in CsCl at 1.3 g/ml and at 19S in sucrose gradients. Absorption with IgG-coated latex particles and anti-human IgM gave further evidence of an RF. By testing sera of patients with different forms of acute viral hepatitis, it was demonstrated that an RF-like factor was also present in seven sera from 9 patients with acute hepatitis A, in two sera from 11 patients with hepatitis B, and seven sera from 11 patients with acute HNANB. The rise of RF in the acute phase of hepatitis A may be an effect of polyclonal stimulation of IgM producing B lymphocytes. The high prevalence of RF in HNANB remains unclear as no polyclonal stimulation of IgM has been observed. PMID- 3920354 TI - Absence of detectable hepatitis B virus DNA in sera and liver of chimpanzees with non-A, non-B hepatitis. AB - The risk of hepatitis B infections has been reduced by screening of blood donors for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). However, recipients remain at significant risk of developing post-transfusion hepatitis. Studies have shown that non-A, non-B hepatitis virus(es) are responsible for the majority of post transfusion hepatitis infections. In spite of many efforts, these non-A, non-B hepatitis viruses have not yet been identified. Epidemiological studies, however, suggest that non-A, non-B hepatitis shares many features with hepatitis B. Recently, Wands et al [1982] showed, in chimpanzees infected with non-A, non-B hepatitis agents, the presence of antigenemia or viremia by radioimmunoassay with monoclonal antibodies directed toward distinct determinants of HBsAg and by molecular hybridization analysis. They suggested that non-A, non-B hepatitis agents may be related, but distinct variant(s) of hepatitis B virus (HBV). In this study, five chimpanzees were inoculated with three different agents that have been shown to transmit non-A, non-B hepatitis. The following inocula were used (I) a factor VIII preparation kindly provided by D.W. Bradley, (II) acute phase serum from a chimpanzee infected with the F strain kindly provided by A.J. Zuckerman, and (III) a DS-antigen serum previously shown by us to transmit non-A, non-B hepatitis [Duermeyer et al, 1983]. All chimpanzees developed a rise in transaminase levels between 8 and 10 weeks after inoculation. None of the chimpanzees was positive for any markers of HBV infection. No evidence was obtained of infection with hepatitis A, cytomegalovirus, or Epstein-Barr virus. One chimpanzee developed chronic liver disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3920355 TI - Neurological findings in patients with the fragile-X syndrome. AB - We report two brothers with previously unexplained mental retardation and seizures who had dysmorphic facial features, macro-orchidism, and a fragile site at the X chromosome. This recently described syndrome is the second most common chromosome aberration associated with mental retardation after Down's syndrome. In order to determine the prevalence of seizures and the frequency of specific neurological features, we studied a total of 17 patients with the fragile X syndrome. 41% had grand mal seizures; 41% had extensor plantar responses; 47% had hyperactive behaviour and 65% exhibited stereotypics; 59% had incoordination and 35% had blepharospasm. We emphasise the need for chromosome analysis of patients with unexplained mental retardation, specific phenotypic abnormalities, and large testes. PMID- 3920356 TI - Focal seizures with reversible hypodensity on the CT scan. PMID- 3920357 TI - Serum carbonic anhydrase III in progressive muscular dystrophy. AB - Serum carbonic anhydrase III (CA-III) levels were determined by means of an enzyme immunoassay method and compared with serum creatine kinase (CK) and muscle specific enolase (MSE) levels in 143 patients with four types of progressive muscular dystrophy (PMD), namely, Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), limb-girdle dystrophy, facioscapulohumeral dystrophy and congenital dystrophy. Serum CA-III levels were raised in the majority of patients, especially in those with DMD. In DMD patients, the gradual decline in the CA-III level was observed with age. High correlations were found between CA-III, CK and MSE levels. The frequency of cases with elevated CA-III levels was the same as or greater than that of elevated CK or MSE levels in four types of PMD. These results suggest that serum CA-III may be a useful marker of muscle disease. PMID- 3920358 TI - Comparison of the biological activities of human recombinant interleukin-2(125) and native interleukin-2. AB - Human interleukin-2 proteins (IL-2), purified to homogeneity from both the Jurkat cell line and from genetically engineered Escherichia coli, were compared in a variety of biological systems. The gene coding for the recombinant IL-2 protein used in these studies contained a site-specific modification resulting in the replacement of a cysteine residue with a serine residue at position 125 in the encoded polypeptide. The specific activity was 2-4 X 10(6) units/mg for both the recombinant IL-2(125) and the native IL-2 molecules when measured by DNA synthesis in the murine HT2 cell line. The abilities of these two molecules to support the short-term proliferation and the long-term growth of mitogen- and alloantigen-activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from humans and of mitogen-activated PBMC from cats, cows, sheep, and horses were equivalent. In addition, both molecules were directly mitogenic for human PBMC and induced the production of interferon-gamma. Human PBMC treated with IL-2 generated enhanced levels of cytotoxic cells against both natural killer (NK)-sensitive and NK resistant targets. In all of these systems and assays, recombinant IL-2(125) had the same range of biological activity and potency as homogeneous native IL-2. PMID- 3920359 TI - Sequential activation of neurons in primate motor cortex during unrestrained forelimb movement. AB - We trained monkeys to perform an unrestrained, reaching movement of the arm. Electromyogram (EMG) recordings of forelimb muscles revealed sequential activation, proximal to distal, of muscle groups involved in the task. The delay in onset of EMG activity between proximal (shoulder and elbow) and distal (wrist and finger) muscles was approximately 60 ms. We identified the neurons in the forelimb area of the contralateral motor cortex as controlling particular joints by previously defined criteria involving responses to somatosensory stimulation and effects of intracortical microstimulation. Many cells discharged prior to the onset of EMG activity acting on the appropriate joint, whereas others began firing at a later phase of the movement. The population of all proximal cells altered discharge patterns approximately 60 ms earlier than the population of distal cells. A small percentage of cells showed an initial inhibitory change in discharge frequency, and this inhibition typically occurred prior to the excitatory changes seen in the majority of cells. The results are discussed in terms of the "nested-zone" model of the forelimb motor cortex. The data support one of the predictions of this model, namely that discharges of identified cells within the cortical zones are causally related to voluntary movement at appropriate forelimb joints. PMID- 3920360 TI - Choline acetyltransferase and acetylcholine levels in Drosophila melanogaster: a study using two temperature-sensitive mutants. AB - Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT, acetyl-CoA-choline-O-acetyltransferase, EC 2.3.1.6) activity was measured in homogenates prepared from wild type (Canton S) and two temperature-sensitive presumed ChAT structural gene mutants (Chats1 and Chats2; originally described by Greenspan, R. (1980) J. Comp. Physiol. 137: 83 92) of Drosophila melanogaster. Wild type flies grown at 32 degrees C for 12 or 24 hr showed increased ChAT activity, whereas Chats1 and Chats2 flies showed a progressive decrease in enzyme activity at 32 degrees C (restrictive temperature) when compared to flies reared at 18 degrees C (permissive temperature). Acetylcholine (ACh) and choline levels were determined in formic acid-acetone extracts of individual fly heads, and the ACh levels showed the same variation with time at 32 degrees C as did the ChAT activity. In contrast, choline levels did not vary in any regular pattern. Acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7) activity did not vary during heat treatment (except for Chatts2 flies held at 32 degrees C for 24 hr, where a decrease was observed) indicating that this treatment may be specific for ChAT. We conclude that ChAT activity is strongly correlated with ACh levels in Drosophila heads and may thus have an important regulatory role in determining the levels of ACh available for physiological function. We also report on the preliminary characterization of ChAT in both Chats mutants and compare the biochemical properties to those of wild type enzyme. Isoelectric focusing profiles of ChAT from both Chats mutants revealed enzymes with altered patterns compared to wild type, indicating that the mutations are most probably in the structural gene.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3920361 TI - Strontium-89 therapy for the pain of osseous metastases. AB - A Phase I and II study has been conducted of the safety and efficacy of 89Sr (injected i.v. as the chloride) to alleviate bone pain due to osseous metastatic disease. Potential attendant hematologic toxicity was also examined. Strontium-90 impurities were always less than 1.5%, employing a new quality control technique which detects the 90Y "daughter". Thirty-eight patients with pain due to osseous metastases requiring regular narcotic more than twice a day, documented by an abnormal bone scan and radiography, received 45 doses (1-4.5 mCi, 16-70 microCi/kg) of 89Sr after informed consent. The performance status (Karnofsky scale) ranged from 20-80%. One patient had complete pain relief while 22 other doses yielded at least a 25% reduction in narcotic requirement lasting at least 1 mo and/or 20% improvement in Karnofsky scale rating. Two patients had marked to complete relief in tumor sites which were not fractured, with no change in fracture pain. Twenty-two did not respond. Response was independent of narcotic requirements, tumor type, or Karnofsky status. No hematologic toxicity occurred. Strontium-89 may be useful as adjuvant therapy for diffuse bone pain, but a double-blind study comparing it to other nonnarcotic modalities is required. PMID- 3920362 TI - DRGs and primary nursing: are they compatible? AB - The diagnosis related groupings (DRGs) prospective pricing reimbursement system is already affecting nursing service budgets and unit level staffing patterns. As cost containment pressures rise, nurse administrators have to seriously reexamine primary nursing as a viable care modality. This article discusses the compatibility of DRGs and primary nursing. Approaches to future research on measuring outcomes to assess the continued use of primary nursing are suggested. PMID- 3920363 TI - Leukocyte migration inhibition in recurrent aphthous ulceration. AB - Leukocyte inhibitory factor (LIF) production in response to streptococcal antigens and oral mucosa was examined as a possible pathogenic mechanism in recurrent aphthous ulceration (RAU). Mononuclear cells from RAU patients and controls were stimulated with antigens prepared from two species of streptococci and from oral mucosa. Candida albicans and foreskin were tested as control antigens. There were some statistically significant differences in leukocyte migration inhibition between patients and controls with some concentrations of Streptococcus sanguis (ATCC 10556) and C. albicans, and a trend toward low migration indices with oral mucosa. However, the roughly equal numbers of patients and controls responding positively to each antigen and the large background variation suggest a lack of biological significance. LIF production did not increase consistently in the early stages and did not correlate with ulcer development in patients studied sequentially. We conclude that LIF production (at least in response to the antigens tested) plays no pathogenic role in RAU. Our data do not support the hypothesis that a specific cell-mediated sensitivity to streptococcal antigens is involved in RAU. PMID- 3920364 TI - Alterations in fibronectin distribution in oral mucosal vesiculo-bullous lesions. AB - The distribution of fibronectin in human oral mucosal vesiculo-bullous diseases was studied by indirect immunofluorescence. Subepithelial (benign mucous membrane pemphigoid and erythema multiforme) as well as intraepithelial (pemphigus vulgaris and dyskeratosis follicularis) lesions were selected. A marked accumulation of fibronectin was generally found in the lamina propria and basement membrane region, except in dyskeratosis follicularis. Intraepithelial staining occurred in erythema multiforme and dyskeratosis follicularis. In pemphigus vulgaris intercellular staining was seen in relation to acantholysis. Both mucous membrane pemphigoid and erythema multiforme showed a linear accumulation corresponding to the intact basement membrane. However, only pemphigoid lesions disclosed fibronectin on the epithelial side of the vesicles. PMID- 3920365 TI - Gingivitis and oral ulceration in patients with neutrophil dysfunction. AB - In this study, the gingival condition of patients with neutrophil dysfunction has been evaluated. The data demonstrate increased gingival disease as well as oral ulcerations in patients with neutrophil dysfunction syndromes and are consistent with a critical role of neutrophils in oral health. PMID- 3920366 TI - Pulp capping of dental pulp mechanically exposed to oral microflora: a 1-2 year observation of wound healing in the monkey. AB - Four adult Rhesus monkeys provided 120 teeth for buccal Class V cavities. Twenty nine were non-exposed controls and 91 were exposed for 3 intervals. All 120 teeth were capped with a hard set Ca(OH)2 medicament, restored with amalgam, 57 evaluated after 1 year and 63 after 2 years. Of the 91 exposed pulps, 45 showed complete healing, 25 showed pulpal inflammation varying from acute to chronic, 12 showed severe pulpal breakdown and abscess formation and 9 were necrotic. No difference was observed in the healing response between the 3 exposure times. New hard tissue formed at, or subjacent to, the medicament in 77 of 91 exposed pulps with a tunnel defect frequently present, running from the medicament interface to the pulp. This study demonstrates that recurring pulp inflammation observed after 1 & 2 year direct pulp capping, is associated with bacterial contamination. PMID- 3920367 TI - Effects of smokeless tobacco on the periodontal, mucosal and caries status of adolescent males. AB - The use of smokeless tobacco (ST) products, such as snuff and chewing tobacco, was investigated in a school population of 565 males with a mean age of 13.8 years. All students completed a tobacco usage questionnaire and were given intraoral examinations by a team of dentists to determine the possible relationship of ST usage to the presence of gingivitis, gingival recession, mucosal pathology and caries. The overall prevalence of ST usage was 13.3%, which was much higher than the 1.4% prevalence of cigarette smoking. Pairwise chi square analysis revealed that there was no relationship between ST usage and the prevalence of gingivitis, but that the prevalence of gingival recession was significantly elevated in ST users, P less than 0.001. The odds of having gingival recession were 9 times greater in the students using smokeless tobacco as compared to healthy, non-user cohorts. ST usage did not affect the prevalence of gingival recession in students without gingivitis. The frequency of occurrence of soft tissue pathology was significantly elevated, about 6-fold in students who used smokeless tobacco, as compared to non-users, P less than 0.01. This was principally due to the increased prevalence of white mucosal lesions in smokeless tobacco users. However, there was no attributable risk for mucosal pathology in ST users who were free of gingivitis. Similarly, the use of smokeless tobacco was associated with a 1.6-fold elevation in mean DMF in students with gingivitis, P less than 0.001, but this increase in caries experience was not seen in ST users who were free of gingivitis. In summary, in students with clean mouths that were free of gingivitis, the use of smokeless tobacco was not associated with a change in the prevalence of gingival recession, mucosal pathology, or in the mean DMF score. In contrast, smokeless tobacco usage was a significant risk factor in individuals with co-existing gingivitis, associated with a marked increase in the prevalence of gingival recession, mucosal pathology and caries experience. PMID- 3920368 TI - Nodular hyperplasia of oncocytes in mouse submandibular glands. AB - Multinodular hyperplastic foci of oncocytes found in mouse submandibular glands were examined ultrastructurally, and their morphogenesis discussed. The oncocytic foci showed lobular architecture surrounded by myoepithelial cells, and tubular formations were frequently present. The cytoplasm of the oncocytes was distended by tightly-packed and non-oriented mitochondria which varied in size and shape. Furthermore, varying numbers of electron-dense fine granules, which were remnants of secretory granules of granular duct cells, were scattered in the cytoplasm. Within the salivary gland parenchyma neighboring the hyperplastic foci of oncocytes, intermediate-type cells between oncocytes and normal salivary gland epithelia were found. The result of the present study shows that the oncocytic change has a tendency to be more frequent in the granular ducts and less in the striated ducts, and that some oncocyte-transformed cells proliferate to form nodular hyperplastic foci. PMID- 3920369 TI - Neutrophil function and oral disease. AB - The pathologic sequela of reduced neutrophil function have been reviewed. In each case, the mechanism for the reduction in function has been elaborated when known. Special emphasis has been placed upon the pathologic changes in the oral cavity as a result of neutrophil dysfunction. Numerous examples have been given, and the overriding conclusion must be that any impairment of neutrophil function will lead to some degree of increased susceptibility to infection. Perhaps the tissue most sensitive to pathologic changes in the oral cavity is the periodontium. In cases of severe neutrophil dysfunction there is severe periodontal breakdown. But also in cases of "mild" neutrophil dysfunction, where there is no other infection, such as in individuals with LJP, there is severe periodontal breakdown. The molecular basis of neutrophil dysfunction is beginning to be understood in individuals with LJP. It is our hope that further research in this area will help to delineate the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases. PMID- 3920370 TI - Surface membrane phenotypic expression and treatment response of malignant lymphomas. AB - Cryopreserved lymphoid tissue has been used from 113 patients for an analysis of cell surface membrane phenotypes using a panel of monoclonal antibodies. Dual heavy chain expression was common in many B-cell malignant lymphomas and in the B cell lymphomas as a whole there was a predominance of lambda light chains. The expression of lambda light chain was associated with a poorer response to treatment and there was a tendency for such tumours to fall into the high grade lymphoma category. Surface membrane heavy chain expression, as assessed by staining intensity, was greatest in the lymphomas composed mostly of centrocytes and IgD expression was reduced in high grade lymphomas. The ratio of helper to suppressor T-cells was reduced in centroblastic and immunoblastic lymphomas. In Hodgkin's disease a predominance of T-cells was found in most instances although the series included a large proportion of nodular sclerosis cases. PMID- 3920371 TI - Treatment of cocaine abuse: historical and contemporary perspectives. PMID- 3920372 TI - Diazepam and desmethyldiazepam in breast milk. PMID- 3920373 TI - Sneakers as a source of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in children with osteomyelitis following puncture wounds. PMID- 3920374 TI - Irradiation-induced growth hormone deficiency: blunted growth response and accelerated skeletal maturation to growth hormone therapy. PMID- 3920375 TI - Comparison of steady-state pharmacokinetics of valproic acid in children between monotherapy and multiple antiepileptic drug treatment. AB - Steady-state pharmacokinetics of valproic acid (VPA) with or without other antiepileptic drug (AED) treatment were studied in 37 children. Children (N = 16) receiving multiple AED therapy had a higher clearance (23.5 vs 13.0 ml/hr/kg, P less than 0.001), larger volume of distribution (0.30 vs 0.22 L/kg, P less than 0.01), and shorter half-life (9.4 vs 12.3 hours, P less than 0.01) than did those (n = 21) receiving VPA only. Inverse correlations of age with clearance (R = 0.559, P less than 0.01) and apparent volume of distribution of VPA (r = -0.490, P less than 0.05) were observed in children receiving monotherapy. In determining the dose and dosing interval of VPA, consider a possible alteration in the pharmacokinetics relating to age and other concurrent AED therapy. PMID- 3920376 TI - Parasite specific antibodies in three strains of mice after infection with Trypanosoma cruzi. AB - Three inbred strains of mice (BALB/cJ, C3H/HeJ and NZB/BInJ) were infected with trypomastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi. Sera were taken at different times after infection and radioimmunoprecipitation assays were used to detect antibodies against individual T. cruzi epimastigote and trypomastigote antigens. The mouse strains differed in regard to the spectrum of antibodies and the time after infection when the various epimastigote specific antibody species appeared. NZB mice had antibodies against at least 25 polypeptides ranging in molecular weight from 20,000 to 90,000 D at 3 wk after infection, and these persisted until at least 10 wk post-infection. C3H and BALB/c had antibodies against fewer than 5 antigens at 3 wk after infection; whereas by week 10, antibodies against at least 25 polypeptides were detected. C3H mice that were most susceptible to infection (but not NZB or BALB/c mice) had antibodies against a 25,000 D molecular weight epimastigote antigen. The antibody response against trypomastigote polypeptides was more uniform. Sera from all mouse strains at 3 wk after infection precipitated the same polypeptides and the radioimmunoprecipitation patterns did not change as a function of time after infection. PMID- 3920377 TI - Enhanced pulmonary natural killer cell activity during murine encephalitozoonosis. AB - Experimental infection with the protozoan parasite Encephalitozoon cuniculi induced an augmentation of pulmonary natural killer cell (NK) activity in C57BL/6 mice. Enhanced clearance of 51Cr-labelled YAC-1 lymphoma cells peaked on day 4 of infection and returned to normal levels by the tenth day of infection. Infected mice also demonstrated heightened resistance to pulmonary tumor formation compared to uninfected control mice following challenge with lung-homing B16F10 melanoma cells. PMID- 3920378 TI - Applications of stable isotopes to pediatric nutrition and gastroenterology: measurement of nutrient absorption and digestion using 13C. AB - The naturally occurring, nonradioactive, stable isotopes, 2H, 15N, 18O, and in particular, 13C, are valuable tracers in studies of pediatric nutrition and gastroenterology. Techniques using these isotopes have been developed for the measurement of digestion, absorption, utilization, and excretion of nutrients in premature and term infants, as well as in young children. Compounds labeled with 13C enable quantitative measurements of nutrient oxidation rates and percent nutrient malabsorption. Illustrations of these applications are presented in studies of simple and complex carbohydrate metabolism, of medium- and long-chain triglyceride absorption and malabsorption, and of bile salt conservation and loss in the neonate. Modular protocols for the determination of nutrient absorption, oxidation, and loss now can be applied in longitudinal studies which involve comparisons of diet or which monitor recovery following malnutrition or disease. Instrumentation to be available in the future will simplify isotope ratio determinations and create ready access to the methodologies described. PMID- 3920379 TI - Serum levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in children receiving parenteral nutrition with reduced aluminum content. AB - Both adults and children receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN) have been found to have low serum levels of 1,25(OH)2-vitamin D [1,25(OH)2D]. Many of these were subsequently found to have inadvertently received large quantities of aluminum in the TPN solution. Since aluminum administration to dogs is associated with a fall in serum 1,25(OH)2D levels, the present study was designed to prospectively follow serum levels of this sterol while patients received a TPN solution low in aluminum. Nine children received a TPN solution comparable to that previously administered to children who demonstrated low serum levels of 1,25(OH)2D, except for a moderately reduced phosphorus and markedly reduced aluminum content. Serum was obtained during the first and fourth weeks of TPN treatment and analyzed for 1,25(OH)2D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (iPTH), calcium, and phosphorus. Results revealed normal or high serum levels of 1,25(OH)2D and normal levels of iPTH, calcium, phosphorus, and 25(OH)D. Thus, low aluminum-containing TPN does not produce a fall in serum 1,25(OH)2D, providing evidence that aluminum may have been a factor in causing the reduced serum 1,25(OH)2D in those children previously receiving TPN. PMID- 3920380 TI - Homeostatic mechanisms in the utilization of exogenous iron in children recovering from severe malnutrition. AB - We evaluated the role of initial iron stores on iron accumulation during recovery from severe edematous protein-energy malnutrition in children. Twenty-six preschool children were divided in two groups according to their initial iron reserves, as estimated from serum ferritin concentration, using a cutoff criterion of 30 ng/ml. The low ferritin (LF) group had a mean serum ferritin level of 12 +/- 8 ng/dl, and the high ferritin (HF) group, 86 +/- 32 ng/dl. Both groups had similar degrees of malnutrition and of anemia, as defined by hemoglobin concentration. All children received an adequate therapeutic diet and 60 mg iron daily as ferrous sulfate. The recovery of biochemical and anthropometric indicators of nutritional status, as well as of hemoglobin concentration, was similar in both groups. On the contrary, the LF group showed a marked increase in serum ferritin concentration from the onset of treatment, whereas the HF group had a net decline in this parameter by 30 days, and a stable level thereafter. The difference in serum ferritin concentration between groups was maintained until day 60, and both groups ended the study (90 days) with similar levels. Estimation of the utilization of exogenous iron from changes in total-body iron during the first 60 days of recovery showed the LF group to retain an average of 9.3% of iron intake, whereas the HF group retained only 1.4%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3920381 TI - Structure-activity relationships among substituted N-benzoyl derivatives of phenylalanine and its analogues in a microbial antitumor prescreen III: derivatives of p-fluoro-DL-phenylalanine. AB - Twelve substituted benzoyl derivatives of p-fluoro-DL-phenylalanine were prepared and tested for growth-inhibitory activity in a Lactobacillus casei system used as an antitumor prescreen. The 12 substituted benzoyl groups were the same as those attached to o-fluorophenylalanine and m-fluorophenylalanine studied earlier. The activity of these compounds was compared vertically among themselves and horizontally with the corresponding derivatives of o-fluorophenylalanine and of m fluorophenylalanine. It was found that the derivatives of p-fluorophenylalanine, like those of o- and m-fluorophenylalanine, exhibited remarkable inhibition, all but one, i.e., the o-nitrobenzoyl derivative, showing inhibition that is considered to be positive in the prescreen. Particularly potent compounds in this group were the m-chlorobenzoyl-, p-chlorobenzoyl, m-nitrobenzoyl, and p nitrobenzoyl derivatives. Comparison of the activity of the substituted benzoyl derivatives of all three structural isomers of fluorophenylalanine at equimolar concentrations showed that the derivatives of m-fluorophenylalanine were generally better inhibitors than those of o-fluoro- or p-fluorophenylalanine. Study of the ID50 values of the more active substituted benzoyl derivatives of the fluorophenylalanines showed that the most active of this group was m chlorobenzoyl-p-fluoro-DL-phenylalanine. PMID- 3920382 TI - Stereoselective inversion of (R)-fenoprofen to (S)-fenoprofen in humans. AB - The concentrations of the (R)- and (S)-enantiomers of fenoprofen (alpha-methyl-3 phenoxy-benzeneacetic acid) were measured in plasma and urine of volunteers after oral administration of the (R,S)-racemate. In addition, urinary concentrations of the (R)- and (S)-4'-hydroxy metabolite of fenoprofen, the major metabolite, were measured. The (R)-enantiomer of fenoprofen was stereoselectively inverted to (S) fenoprofen, which was the major isomeric form found in plasma and urine. A potency comparison of the enantiomers in vitro showed the (S)-isomer to be 35 times more active than the (R)-isomer in inhibiting the fatty acid cyclo oxygenase pathway from human platelets. In vivo, the similar pharmacological potency of the two enantiomers previously observed in experimental animals may have been due to the rapid inversion of the (R)- to (S)-isomer. PMID- 3920383 TI - Disposition of beta-glucuronidase-resistant "glucuronides" of valproic acid after intrabiliary administration in the rat: intact absorption, fecal excretion and intestinal hydrolysis. AB - The major metabolite of valproic acid (VPA) is its beta-glucuronidase-susceptible glucuronide conjugate (VPA-G). At slightly alkaline pH such as in bile, VPA-G undergoes intramolecular rearrangement into at least six beta-glucuronidase resistant isomers (VPA-G-R). The in vivo disposition of VPA-G-R was compared with those of VPA-G and VPA, each at 100 mg of VPA per kg, after intrabiliary administration to surgically prepared rats fasted during the experiments. Administered VPA was rapidly and completely absorbed into blood (peak 30 micrograms of VPA per ml at 0-2 hr). Administered VPA-G was predominantly hydrolyzed (beta-glucuronidase) in the intestine and liberated VPA absorbed into blood (peak 5 micrograms of VPA per ml at 6-9 hr). Administered VPA-G-R was disposed along at least three pathways: (1) part excretion, mainly unchanged, in feces (12% of dose); (2) part absorption (intact) from gut to blood and excretion in urine as VPA-G-R (3.6% of dose); and (3) part hydrolysis in the intestine (most likely by nonspecific esterases) with absorption of liberated VPA into blood (peak 2 micrograms of VPA per ml at 12-24 hr). The VPA/VPA-G/VPA-G-R composition of recovered dose in bile and urine was determined after all doses. In fed, nontraumatized rats given VPA-G-R p.o. at 100 mg of VPA per kg, 50% of the dose was recovered (mainly unchanged) in feces, a portion was absorbed intact into blood (2.5% of dose VPA-G-R excreted in urine) and the remainder hydrolyzed in the intestine with absorption of liberated VPA into blood.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3920384 TI - Effects of metyrapone on the pharmacological activity, plasma levels and urinary excretion of the dopamine receptor agonist DK-118. AB - Possible metabolic activation of the dopamine receptor agonist DK-118 (5-hydroxy 6-methyl-N,N-di-n-propyl-2-aminotetralin) was investigated in cats. Metyrapone, an inhibitor of oxidative drug metabolism, was given to cats before DK-118 and the pharmacologic effects of the dopamine agonist were compared to those observed in nonpretreated animals. A sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography assay using electrochemical detection was developed to monitor urine and plasma concentrations of DK-118 in metyrapone-pretreated and control animals. The DK-118 mediated inhibition of cardioaccelerator nerve stimulation-induced tachycardia was reduced markedly in cats pretreated with metyrapone but the pretreatment had no effect on the hypotension or bradycardia produced by DK-118. In a separate group of cats, the tachycardia inhibitory effect of a nonbioactivated dopamine agonist, dipropyldopamine, was unaffected by metyrapone pretreatment, confirming that the inhibitor of drug metabolism does not interfere with this dopamine receptor-mediated effect. Pretreatment with metyrapone before a 0.14-mumol/kg i.v. dose of DK-118 increased the half-life, reduced total drug clearance and increased urinary excretion of unchanged DK-118. All of the changes are consistent with a metyrapone-related inhibition of DK-118 metabolism. The results of this study show that inhibition of DK-118 metabolism reduces certain of its pharmacologic actions, indicating that one or more of the metabolites of the drug may contribute to its effects. PMID- 3920385 TI - Elemental distribution in Rana pipiens retinal rods: quantitative electron probe analysis. AB - The composition of dark-adapted and illuminated retinal rod outer and inner segments and mitochondria was determined with electron probe X-ray micro-analysis of cryosections. The concentration of Ca in the outer segment was 0.4 mmol/kg dry wt. (0.1 Ca/rhodopsin) and did not measurably change upon illumination with saturating light for 5 min. The non-mitochondrial regions of the inner segment contained the highest concentrations (up to 13 mmol/kg dry wt.) of Ca in rods; these regions probably represent the endoplasmic reticulum. The equilibrium potentials estimated from the measured elemental concentrations and the known water content of dark-adapted outer segments were (mV): ENa = +17, EK = -83, ECl = -27. The respective values in the inner segment were: ENa = +20, EK = -89, ECl = -26. The above values were obtained in frog rods bathed in 0.18 mM-Ca Ringer solution. In the outer segment of toad rods bathed in 1.8 mM-Ca Ringer, ENa = +33 mV. The Mg content of the rods was high. The (computed) concentration in the dark adapted retinae was 11 mM in the outer segment and 24 mM in the inner segment. Illumination caused a reduction in Mg to 9 mM (outer segment) and 16 mM (inner segment). Illumination caused a highly significant reduction in Na and Cl concentrations, and an increase in K concentration in both outer and inner segments. Exposure to Na-free (choline Ringer) solution resulted in reduction in Na to just-detectable levels (3 +/- 1 mmol/kg dry wt.) in the outer segment and to 5 +/- 1 mM in the inner segment. This was associated with a significant loss of Cl and decrease in ECl to -50 mV. The low Na content of the outer segment in the Na-depleted rods is not compatible with an extracellular concentration (105 mM) of inexchangeable Na in the intradiskal space. Mitochondrial Na and Mg paralleled the changes in the cytoplasmic concentrations: both mitochondrial Na and Mg were significantly decreased in illuminated, compared to dark-adapted rods. There was no detectable Ca (0 +/- 0.2 mmol/kg dry wt.) in mitochondria of dark-adapted rods containing high concentrations of Na; mitochondrial Ca was slightly higher (0.5 +/- 0.2 mmol/kg dry wt.) in the mitochondria that contained low Na following illumination. PMID- 3920387 TI - Effect of cephalic carbon dioxide tension on the cardiac inotropic response to carotid chemoreceptor stimulation in dogs. AB - Dogs were anaesthetized with chloralose and the cephalic circulation was perfused, through the brachiocephalic and left subclavian arteries, with blood equilibrated with various tensions of CO2. The vascularly isolated carotid bifurcations were perfused at a constant pressure with either arterial or venous blood. Inotropic responses were assessed by measuring the maximum rate of change of left ventricular pressure (dP/dt max) with heart rate and aortic pressure held constant. Stimulation of carotid chemoreceptors with venous blood, at all values of cephalic PCO2, always resulted in a decrease in dP/dt max. An increase in cephalic PCO2, during arterial perfusion of chemoreceptors, resulted in an increase in dP/dt max and the response to chemoreceptor stimulation was enhanced. Graded changes in cephalic PCO2 resulted in graded changes in dP/dt max during arterial perfusion of chemoreceptors. However, the value of dP/dt max during venous perfusion was not significantly affected by increases in cephalic PCO2 above normal but it did decrease significantly during cephalic hypocapnia. These results confirm that an increase in cephalic PCO2 and stimulation of carotid chemoreceptors result in opposite responses of the cardiac inotropic state. The responses to chemoreceptor stimulation were enhanced by cephalic hypercapnia but the responses to cephalic hypercapnia, although not to hypocapnia, were suppressed by chemoreceptor stimulation. PMID- 3920386 TI - Respiratory responses to medullary hydrogen ion changes in cats: different effects of respiratory and metabolic acidoses. AB - The steady-state responses of respiration, measured as integrated phrenic nerve activity, to hypercapnic acidosis of the medullary extracellular fluid (e.c.f.) and to metabolically generated acidosis were compared in paralysed, vagotomized and glomectomized cats. E.c.f. hydrogen ion concentration [( H+]) was measured directly by means of a small (2 mm diameter) pH electrode placed on the ventral medulla. The results in ten cats show that changes of medullary e.c.f. [H+] were linearly related to changes of end-tidal PCO2 both before (r = 0.999) and after (r = 0.996) development of metabolic acidosis. There was a curvilinear relation between hypercapnic e.c.f. [H+] changes and the respiratory response that reflects progressive saturation of a central neural pathway between the chemoreceptors and the respiratory controller. This relation was similar in form both before and after development of metabolic acidosis. When acidosis of metabolic origin was present, apnea occurred with only small decreases of CO2 despite a high [H+]. The respiratory responses to the same e.c.f. [H+] change were only about one-half as large when they were generated metabolically as when they were generated by raising PCO2. Both exogenously induced metabolic acidosis (HCl infusion) and endogenous acidosis yielded similar results. We conclude that the e.c.f. [H+] does not represent the unique stimulus to the central chemoreceptors. We discuss several alternate mechanisms for the action of CO2 and [H+] on central chemoreceptors but none can be considered definitive at the present time. PMID- 3920388 TI - Abdominal vascular responses to changes in carbon dioxide tension in the cephalic circulation of anaesthetized dogs. AB - Dogs were anaesthetized with chloralose, the regions of both carotid sinuses were vascularly isolated and perfused with arterial blood and both cervical vagosympathetic trunks were cut above the nodose ganglia. The cephalic circulation was perfused through the brachiocephalic and left subclavian arteries with blood which was equilibrated with various levels of CO2. The abdomen was vascularly isolated, perfused through the aorta at constant flow and drained through the inferior vena cava at constant pressure. Changes in vascular resistance were determined from changes in abdominal aortic perfusion pressure and changes in capacitance from the integral of the changes in venous outflow. An increase in PCO2 in the cephalic perfusate resulted in an increase in abdominal vascular resistance and a decrease in capacitance. However, when carotid sinus pressure was high, the response of resistance to an increase in cephalic PCO2 was abolished and that of capacitance was significantly reduced. The reflex responses of both vascular resistance and capacitance to a change in carotid sinus pressure were enhanced when the cephalic PCO2 was raised. However, the effect on the reflex capacitance response from stimulation of baroreceptors was obtained only when PCO2 was changed below 5 kPa whereas the effect on resistance occurred at higher values of PCO2. The interaction between the effects of changes in cephalic PCO2 and the carotid sinus reflex and the differential effect on resistance and capacitance vessels have been explained in terms of the known difference in the sensitivities of these vessels to sympathetic nerve activity. PMID- 3920389 TI - A mechanical study of regulation in the striated adductor muscle of the scallop. AB - Chemically skinned fibre bundles were prepared from the striated adductor muscle of the sea scallop, Placopecten magellanicus. The relation between tension and calcium concentration was determined in activating solutions containing 5 mM MgATP, ionic strength 0.2, pH 7.1 at 20 degrees C. The isometric tension rose from zero to its maximum value between pCa 6.0 and 5.2. The steepness of the relation cannot be accounted for in terms of the binding of calcium to the two known sites on myosin and suggests that there must be an additional, co-operative mechanism. The regulatory light chain content of the fibre bundles was determined by urea gel electrophoresis and was found to be approximately 2 light chains per myosin molecule. The regulatory light chains were removed completely by treatment with EDTA at 25-30 degrees C. Fibre bundles then showed a total loss of control over contraction; a high tension was generated whether or not calcium was present in the bathing solution. Complete removal of the regulatory light chains did not greatly affect the tension generated or the stiffness in the rigor state. Control of contraction could be restored completely by the addition of regulatory light chains from scallop muscle. Treatment with EDTA at 0-12 degrees C resulted in the removal of 0.76-2.0 regulatory light chains per myosin molecule. Fibre bundles for which removal was less than complete were partially sensitive to calcium, i.e. tension was higher in the presence of calcium than in its absence. The results indicate that the normal mechanism of tension generation in scallop muscle is mediated primarily through myosin and not thin filament control. This finding is consistent with previous studies of the ATPase activity of myofibrils from scallop muscle. PMID- 3920390 TI - The impact of a self-administered behavioral intervention program on pediatric asthma. AB - This study evaluated the benefits produced by "Superstuff", a self-help program for asthmatic children aged 7-12. Forty-three children with a confirmed diagnosis of moderate to severe asthma were randomly assigned to either the totally self administered Superstuff condition or to a nocontact Control condition. Self report, parental, physician, and school data were collected at pre-intervention, and two, six, and twelve months post-intervention. Children receiving Superstuff reported increased asthma self-control skills, but no gains in general self control abilities or self-esteem. Superstuff subjects also evidenced fewer interruptions of parents, greater improvement in the progression of asthma as reported by physicians (but not in the severity of the disease or intensity of average attack), and tended toward decreased school absenteeism. Superstuff did not reduce scheduled or emergency medical contacts. The demonstration of important, but modest, benefits from a low-cost, easily disseminated, self administered intervention is discussed in the context of self-help treatment in general. PMID- 3920391 TI - A controlled study of a breathing therapy for treatment of hyperventilation syndrome. AB - A therapy directed toward slowing and regularizing the ventilatory pattern was compared with a partial-treatment, comparison procedure for individuals with somatic and psychological symptoms attributable to hyperventilation episodes (i.e. hyperventilation syndrome). Comparing repeated measures between a pretreatment baseline session and a post-treatment followup, we found that the experimental therapy, in contrast to the comparison procedure, produced a greater number of, and more extensive, improvements in psychological, symptom complaint and ventilatory dimensions. Results also suggest changes in central respiratory control mechanisms as a consequence of treatment. PMID- 3920392 TI - Blepharospasm and Meige syndrome: a review of diagnostic, aetiological and treatment approaches. AB - No known pathophysiological mechanism can explain the majority of cases of blepharospasm, i.e. spasm of the orbicularis oculi muscle; it may also affect the lower face, neck and jaw--Meige syndrome. Only symptomatic treatment is possible, and surgery should be a last resort for severe cases. Much more clinical research will be required before promising behavioural interventions, including biofeedback, can be considered treatments of choice. PMID- 3920393 TI - One-year comparative study of gold sodium thiomalate and auranofin in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. AB - The therapeutic benefits and toxicity profile of auranofin (AF) have been compared with that of gold sodium thiomalate (GSTM) over a one-year period in 120 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. A similar number of patients on both drugs remained in the study at one year (approximately 60%), and showed similar statistically significant improvement (p less than 0.01) in all clinical variables measured. At no time during the study was there a statistically significant difference in the clinical benefit obtained with either drug. Withdrawal from the study through lack of therapeutic benefit was twice as frequent with AF as with GSTM (11 compared to 6). Withdrawal due to a toxic reaction was twice as frequent and were potentially more serious with GSTM than with AF (15 compared to 9). We conclude that AF has a therapeutic potential similar to that of GSTM, however side effects were less prevalent and, when they did cause withdrawal of the drug, were potentially less serious. PMID- 3920394 TI - Spiro[4.5] and spiro[4.6] carboxylic acids: cyclic analogues of valproic acid. Synthesis and anticonvulsant evaluation. AB - Spiro[4.5]decane-2-carboxylic acid (12a), spiro[4.5]decane-2,2-dicarboxylic acid (11a), spiro[4.6]undecane-2-carboxylic acid (12b), spiro[4.6]undecane- 2,2 dicarboxylic acid (11b), and spiro[4.6]undecane-2-acetic acid (13) were synthesized by an improved method and evaluated for anticonvulsant activity. These analogues were synthesized to evaluate the role of the carboxylic acid group as an essential substituent in valproic acid (di-n-propylacetic acid, 1). Carbocyclic spiranes are known to resist metabolic alteration so that any activity elicited by these compounds would be due to the carboxylic acid function and not to any metabolic change. Spiro[4.6]undecane-2-carboxylic acid (12b) was the most active analogue tested and the pentylenetetrazol and picrotoxin evaluations of 12b compared favorably to 1. However, 12b failed to provide adequate protection against maximal electroshock seizures, bicuculline, or strychnine in mice. Possible reasons for these results are discussed. PMID- 3920396 TI - Fraser syndrome presenting as monozygotic twins with bilateral renal agenesis. PMID- 3920397 TI - A cost-effective emergency medicine clerkship. AB - Programs in emergency medicine for medical students are expected to become increasingly organized over the next several years with the development of emergency medicine teaching faculties by medical schools. In this article, the authors describe a clerkship design with three fundamental elements--clinical instruction, classroom instruction, and evaluation--that should be included in an emergency medicine clerkship. Through the use of optimal student scheduling and new information technologies, the yearly cost per student for the classroom teaching and student evaluation sections of the clerkship is $86.65. PMID- 3920395 TI - Trypanosoma cruzi: association between seroreactivity of children and infection rates in domestic Panstrongylus megistus (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). PMID- 3920399 TI - Colony variants of Neisseria meningitidis strain 2996 (B:2b:P1.2): influence of class-5 outer membrane proteins and lipopolysaccharides. AB - Different colonial morphologies were found among colonies of Neisseria meningitidis strain 2996 (B:2b:P1.2). Examination of cultures, selected on the basis of colony transparency or opacity, revealed that both lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and class-5 outer membrane proteins (OMP) are associated with differences in colonial morphology. Among 13 variants, four LPS variants and two class-5 OMP variants were recognised. All variants were non-fimbriate. The LPS variations were confirmed by immunoprecipitation. In addition to these qualitative variations of LPS, meningococci synthesise LPS of different molecular size depending upon growth phase; larger LPS molecules were found after analysis of stationary-phase cultures than with exponential-phase cultures. These changes did not cause a change in serotyping characteristics. The recognition in this study of intra-strain heterogeneity of meningococcal LPS and class-5 OMPs is important for the understanding of meningococcal pathogenicity. This heterogeneity was also detected in simultaneous isolates from different sites of a patient. PMID- 3920398 TI - The effects of pH on colonic bacteria grown in continuous culture. AB - A model of the proximal colon was used to investigate the effects of pH on fermentation by colonic bacteria in vitro. Twelve continuous anaerobic cultures of human faecal bacteria were maintained at constant pH in a medium simulating ileostomy effluent. Five cultures were maintained at pH 7, five at pH 6, and two at pH 5. The pH of each of three further cultures was altered after they had reached steady state, either from 7 to 6 and then to 5, or from 5 to 6 to 7. Both experimental designs showed that the pH exerted an important effect on bacterial metabolism without causing major changes in bacterial populations. Osmolality was lower in cultures run at a low pH. Total volatile fatty acid concentration was decreased at pH 5, and the production of propionic acid rather than acetic acid was favoured at pH 6. Changing the pH had no significant influence on the production of ammonia in these systems. PMID- 3920400 TI - In-vitro inhibition of mycobacteria by viridans streptococci. AB - Eleven strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and 13 other species of mycobacteria were examined for susceptibility to 26 strains of viridans streptococci. Susceptibility was detected by the simultaneous antagonism technique, but not by tests of deferred antagonism. It is concluded that in-vitro inhibition of mycobacterial growth by actively growing streptococci is due to a peroxide mediated antagonism which is too variable to be of value for identification. However, a standard bactericidal test with hydrogen peroxide is worth investigation because this might provide a simple inexpensive aid for the identification of M. avium-intracellulare serotypes. PMID- 3920401 TI - Streptomycin-induced, third-position misreading of the genetic code. AB - Streptomycin was used to increase the frequency of errors in protein synthesis in vivo. In the system under study two misreading errors were observed. Both involved the erroneous insertion of lysine at asparagine codons, because of misreading of a pyrimidine as a purine at the 3' position of the codon. Streptomycin increased the errors at the two codons AAU and AAC to the same extent, thereby maintaining the error ratio found for basal level mistranslation. PMID- 3920402 TI - Preliminary crystallographic data for cross-linked (lysine7-lysine41) ribonuclease A. AB - A cross-linked derivative of ribonuclease A, N epsilon,N epsilon'-(2,4 dinitrophenylene-1,5)-lysine7-lysine41)- RNase A, has been crystallized by dialysis against 30% (v/v) ethanol/water mixtures buffered at high pH. Single crystals belong to the orthorhombic space group P212121, a = 37.2 A, b = 41.2 A, b = 41.2 A, with one molecule in the crystallographic asymmetric unit. PMID- 3920403 TI - Toxicological manifestations of 2,4,5,2',4',5'-, 2,3,6,2',3',6'-, and 3,4,5,3',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl and Aroclor 1254 in mink. AB - Adult female mink were fed diets that contained 2.5 ppm Aroclor 1254, 0.1 or 0.5 ppm 3,4,5,3',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (345 HCB), 2.5 or 5.0 ppm 2,4,5,2',4',5' hexachlorobiphenyl (245 HCB) or 2,3,6,2',3',6'-hexachlorobiphenyl (236 HCB), or a control diet from 1 mo prior to breeding through parturition. All mink fed 0.5 ppm 345 HCB died within 60 d, while those fed 0.1 ppm showed 50% mortality after 3 mo exposure. Only one stillborn kit was whelped in the Aroclor 1254 group. No adverse reproductive effects were observed in the animals fed 236 HCB or 245 HCB. Plasma progesterone concentrations were significantly depressed by Aroclor 1254 and significantly elevated by 0.1 ppm 345 HCB. 17 beta-Estradiol concentrations were not significantly altered by any of the dietary treatments. Hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 concentrations were significantly elevated by all treatments except 236 HCB, with the largest increases occurring in mink exposed to Aroclor 1254 and 345 HCB. Aminopyrine N-demethylase activity was elevated by 5.0 ppm 245 HCB. Aroclor 1254 caused significant elevations in both benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylase and ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase activities. Benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylase activities were also significantly elevated in mink fed 245 HCB and 345 HCB. Aroclor 1254 caused a significant elevation in cerebellar and hypothalamic norepinephrine concentrations and a significant elevation in hypothalamic dopamine concentrations. Cerebral dopamine was elevated by 0.1 ppm 345 HCB, while midbrain dopamine levels were depressed. Norepinephrine concentrations were significantly elevated by 5.0 ppm 236 HCB in the midbrain and by 5.0 ppm 245 HCB in the medulla. PMID- 3920404 TI - Testicular and sexual function in adults with prune belly syndrome. AB - Testicular and sexual function was investigated in 9 patients between 16 and 28 years old with prune belly syndrome. At personal interview all patients claimed to experience normal erections and orgasm but 7 had retrograde ejaculation. Examination showed a normally developed male habitus. Orchiopexies had been performed in late childhood or adolescence. Two patients were anorchic and the surviving testicles were small in the remaining 7. Serum testosterone was low in 1 patient and normal in 6 but at the expense of high luteinizing hormone levels in 4. All patients had a high serum follicle-stimulating hormone level, reflecting the azoospermia found in 5 patients tested. Three biopsies from atypical cases showed poor histological findings but 2 revealed early spermatogenesis. The testes in patients with prune belly syndrome are similar to undescended testes in otherwise normal men. Late orchiopexy produces sexually active but infertile men. PMID- 3920405 TI - Testicular histology after prolonged treatment with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue. AB - Bilateral orchiectomy was performed as secondary endocrine treatment in 12 patients with prostatic cancer who were treated initially with a gonadotropin releasing hormone analogue. Compared to a control group of prostatic cancer patients undergoing orchiectomy as primary therapy, the testes in the hormonally treated group showed marked spermatogenic suppression, peritubular membrane thickening and decreased numbers of Leydig cells. The degree of fibrosis and the damage seen in these testes imply that the spermatogenic suppression seen after prolonged gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue administration may not be as reversible as previously suggested. PMID- 3920406 TI - Implications of volume of nodal metastasis in patients with adenocarcinoma of the prostate. AB - We divided 73 cases of pelvic nodal metastases from prostatic cancer into subgroups based upon the volume and extent of nodal disease. Of the patients with gross nodal disease 15 per cent survived 5 years without progression compared to 27 per cent of those with microscopic involvement of more than 1 node and 44 per cent with a single positive node. On the other hand, 52 per cent of the patients with gross disease died of prostatic cancer within 5 years compared to 37 per cent of those with multiple microscopic nodes and 28 per cent with a single node. Although other variables also influence prognosis, the differences in survival demonstrable within these subgroups may have important implications regarding selection of therapy and interpretation of treatment results. PMID- 3920407 TI - Hormonal therapy of prostatic cancer. PMID- 3920408 TI - Bilateral multiple ureteral diverticula diagnosed after ileal loop procedure: report of a case and review of the literature. AB - We report a case of multiple diverticula of the ureter. The clinical and radiological findings of the previously reported 41 cases, including our own, are analyzed, and the microscopic findings of the condition are reviewed. Multiple diverticula of the ureter or ureteral diverticulosis is most likely an acquired condition with a distinct radiological appearance. PMID- 3920409 TI - Avoiding infection from blood transfusion in neonatal units. PMID- 3920410 TI - Routine pathological examination of hemorrhoids. PMID- 3920411 TI - Autologous blood transfusion. PMID- 3920412 TI - Drug dependence in Mekran-Panjgur revisited. PMID- 3920413 TI - Gastrointestinal diverticulosis. A retrospective analysis. PMID- 3920414 TI - Protective role of vitamin C against neurolathyrism in guinea pigs. PMID- 3920415 TI - Esophageal dilatation (bouginage). PMID- 3920417 TI - Foetal and maternal survey. PMID- 3920416 TI - Endoscopic diagnosis of recurrent peptic ulcer due to retained antrum. PMID- 3920418 TI - Pharmacological significance of plants and herbs used in Islamic medicine. PMID- 3920419 TI - Acid phosphatase positive T-lymphoblastic leukaemia (T-ALL) in Pakistani children. PMID- 3920422 TI - [Questions and answers on rehabilitation. 10. The problems of children requiring long-term care]. PMID- 3920420 TI - The usefulness of electrophysiological-pharmacologic studies in the long-term therapy of paroxysmal tachycardias. AB - In 96 cases of paroxysmal tachycardia, results of chronic pharmacological assessment (CPA) were compared with acute electrophysiological-pharmacologic assessments (EPA) to evaluate the usefulness of EPA. I. Patients with sustained VT (31 cases): Sustained VT and repetitive ventricular response (RVR) could be induced in 61% and 23% respectively. More than one effective drug was found by EPA for 23 of 24 subjects. Of the 22 followed by CPA, the effectiveness of medication was excellent for 14 (64%), moderate for 1, slight for 4, and ineffective for 3 (14%). II. Patients with non-sustained VT (23 cases): RVR could be induced in 52%. Effective medication was identified by EPA for 8 of 10 patients. Of the 7 followed by CPA, the effectiveness of medication was excellent for 2(28.5%) moderate for 2, and ineffective for 3. III. Patients with PSVT (42 cases): PSVT could be induced in 90% of cases. Effective medication was found for all 31 cases which underwent EPA. Of the 23 cases followed by CPA, the chronic efficacy of drugs was excellent for 7 (30%), moderate for 5 (22%), slight for 7 (30%), and noneffective for 4 (18%). Therefore, we conclude that the usefulness of EPA differs according to the type of tachycardia. EPA is most useful in predicting chronic results for patients with sustained VT, especially when the sustained VT is readily reproducible by electrical stimulation. It is less useful for nonsustained VT and PSVT. With nonsustained VT, EPA is limited by difficulty in repeatedly inducing RVR, and by difficulty in predicting the appropriate medication for chronic oral therapy. With PSVT, even though the PSVT can be induced with greater success, EPA is limited by variations in pharmacologic effects over time, which create discrepancies between EPA and CPA. PMID- 3920421 TI - [Primary pulmonary leiomyosarcoma with bone formation]. AB - A 64 year-old-male was admitted because of general malaise and chest discomfort. In the right lower field, a chest X-ray film showed a mass shadow, which had been found 12 years previously. Autopsy revealed primary pulmonary leiomyosarcoma. Metastasis of many lymph nodes and distant organs was noted. Histologically, the tumor was composed of spindle-shaped tumor cells and accompanied bone formation in tumor tissues. PMID- 3920423 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of Theileria sergenti. PMID- 3920424 TI - Establishment of intestinal ciliates in new-born horses. PMID- 3920425 TI - Antigenic relatedness of "Bacillus piliformis" from Tyzzer's disease occurring in Japan and other regions. PMID- 3920426 TI - Misuse of chelation therapy. PMID- 3920427 TI - Isoniazid poisoning. PMID- 3920428 TI - [Possibility of developing tolerance to the anti-anginal effect of isosorbide dinitrate and verapamil]. AB - Using exercise tests in 22 patients with stable angina of effort, the authors studied the possibility of the development of tolerance to the antianginal effect of isosorbide dinitrate (ID) and verapamil (VP). Within 6-12 weeks of the regular intake of ID, 5 (26%) patients developed complete tolerance, 6 (32%) partial tolerance to the drug. In 8 (42%) patients the effect of ID remained stable. A six-week administration of VP was accompanied by no signs of tolerance to the drug even in the patients who showed tolerance to ID. PMID- 3920429 TI - Is 125I iothalamate an ideal marker for glomerular filtration? AB - The triiodinated angiographic contrast medium, iothalamate, has (usually labelled 125I) been used extensively as a marker for glomerular filtration. We have studied the renal handling of 125I iothalamate (IOT) in vivo and in vitro in several species. In renal cortical slices from chicken, rabbit, rat, and monkey, the tissue-to-medium ratio of IOT was twice that of 51Cr-EDTA (EDTA) at 37 degrees C; a difference that was abolished at 0 degree C and markedly reduced by added o-iodohippurate or iodipamide. In five chickens the steady-state renal clearance of IOT (CIOT) was twice (P less than 0.05) that of EDTA (CEDTA) or 3H inulin (C1); a difference that was abolished by administration of 100 mg/kg/hr of novobiocin, an organic anion transport inhibitor. CEDTA was similar to C1 before as well as after transport inhibition. Utilizing the Sperber technique the mean apparent tubular excretion fraction (ATEF) of IOT was 8%, while that of EDTA was 1% (P less than 0.01; N = 10). After novobiocin coinfusion (new steady-state) ATEFIOT was significantly reduced (P less than 0.01) and not different from that of EDTA (-1%). In the same animals the total urinary recovery of IOT was 84 and 57% (P less than 0.01) before and after novobiocin, respectively, while corresponding values for EDTA was unchanged by the inhibitor. In seven rats the renal extraction of IOT was reduced from 29 to 17% (P less than 0.05) by coinfusion of probenecid (5 mg/kg/hr). Corresponding extractions were 82 to 34% (P less than 0.005) and 22% (unchanged) for PAH and EDTA, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3920430 TI - [Initial experiences with transcutaneous pCO2 measurement in newborn infants with cardiopulmonary adaptation disorders]. PMID- 3920431 TI - Platelet survival determined with 51Cr versus 111In. AB - Optimal labelling conditions of human platelets with 111In-oxine were determined in vitro. Based on this optimized technique, platelet mean life span (MLS) and platelet sequestration site were comparatively evaluated in 79 patients with two labels, 51Cr (n = 26) and 111In (n = 53). Patients were subgrouped according to clinical criteria as autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura (AITP) (group 1; n = 49), hypersplenism (2; n = 12), impaired thrombopoiesis (3; n = 3), unclassified thrombocytopenia (4; n = 6), and nonthrombocytopenic patients (5; n = 9). In patients with AITP and hypersplenism the mean values for the MLS determined either with 51Cr or with 111In were lowered but the difference was not statistically significant, neither for group 1 (18.6 h vs 17.3 h; P greater than 0.2) nor for group 2 (94.7 vs 122.3 h; P greater than 0.2). The correlation between MLS and platelet counts in patients with AITP was significant for both labels (P less than 0.001). The 15 min recovery tended to be higher with 111In in all groups, but the difference was significant (P less than 0.05) only for group 1. The sequestration sites were similar with both labels. We conclude that, contrary to previous reports, platelet survival studies yield similar results with both the 51Cr and 111In methods. Due to its distinct advantages 111In is the label of choice for investigation of platelet kinetics. PMID- 3920433 TI - [Duty to secrecy of nursing personnel]. PMID- 3920434 TI - [Labor legislative significance of employment contracts]. PMID- 3920435 TI - [Hygiene and justice for nursing personnel]. PMID- 3920432 TI - Amiodarone-treated patients with suppressed TSH test are at risk of thyrotoxicosis. AB - Therapeutic use of the potent antiarrhythmic drug amiodarone requires early detection of impending hyperthyroidism, a potentially life-threatening adverse reaction in cardiac patients. Since amiodarone inhibits peripheral conversion of thyroxine (T4) to triiodothyronine (T3), serum T4 and T3 levels become unreliable parameters of thyroid function. In 44 patients treated with amiodarone for a median period of 7.3 months, up to seven TRH-TSH tests were performed. The TSH response to TRH was normal in 23 patients, partially suppressed in eight, totally suppressed in eight and overshooting in five patients. Two of the eight patients with suppressed TRH-TSH tests were clinically hyperthyroid, in four others thyrotoxicosis developed within 1 to 2 1/2 months after the first observation of a suppressed TSH response, while two patients remained euthyroid. In all patients with negative TRH-TSH tests. TSH response to TRH returned to normal between 2 and 29 months after withdrawal of amiodarone. We conclude that the TRH-TSH test, repeated at intervals, is a reliable tool for assessing thyroid function in patients on long-term treatment with amiodarone. Patients with a suppressed response under amiodarone therapy are at risk of developing thyrotoxicosis. Normalization of the TSH response indicates that this risk is over. PMID- 3920436 TI - [Protection of pregnant women and young mothers according to German labor legislation, especially with employment in the operating service]. PMID- 3920437 TI - [Nursing in Israel]. PMID- 3920438 TI - [Patient anxiety on admission to hospital. Overview of English research project]. PMID- 3920439 TI - [We introduce: DAPO (Germany Study Group for Psycho-oncology)--study group for patient-centered cancer treatment]. PMID- 3920440 TI - [Requirements of nursing personnel. Results of an opinion poll in the city of Essen]. PMID- 3920441 TI - [Nursing and ethnology]. PMID- 3920442 TI - [Nursing report in the 1st year of education]. PMID- 3920443 TI - [Negligence liability of nonmedical personnel in operating room service and nursing service]. PMID- 3920444 TI - Determination of corticosterone in rat plasma by HPLC. AB - A reverse-phase HPLC method has been developed and validated for the determination of corticosterone in rat plasma. With 1-mL plasma samples, the average relative standard deviation for triplicate determinations was +/- 8.3% for seven concentrations between 13 and 483 ng/mL. PMID- 3920445 TI - Adenocarcinoma of the esophagus associated with neurofibromatosis. PMID- 3920446 TI - [3H]Oestradiol metabolism by 18-day rat interstitial cells in culture and the effect of FSH: presence of 16 alpha-hydroxylase. AB - The metabolism of [3H]oestradiol by interstitial cells in culture prepared from 18-day old rat testes was investigated. Interstitial cells were able to convert [3H]oestradiol to [3H]oestriol as confirmed by recrystallization of oestriol to constant specific activity from samples containing cells and not from controls. This demonstrated for the first time the presence of 16 alpha-hydroxylase in rat testicular interstitial cells. The effect of in vitro FSH treatment on the cells in culture was also investigated. FSH failed to affect 16 alpha-hydroxylase activity since we could not demonstrate a significant difference between treated and untreated preparations. The 16 alpha-hydroxylation of phenolic steroids is widely regarded as the major pathway of oestrogen metabolism in mammals. This metabolic step significantly reduces the biological activity of oestradiol. The presence of 16 alpha-hydroxylase in interstitial cells suggests that it may play a role in inactivating the oestradiol that is produced in the Leydig cells and thus prevent its intracellular accumulation. Such activity may conceivably play a role in the overall local "fine tuning" of androgen biosynthesis. PMID- 3920447 TI - FSH stimulation of cytosolic protein synthesis in cultured pig Sertoli cells. AB - The effects of FSH on the cytosolic protein synthesis by a primary culture of immature porcine Sertoli cells were studied. Cells were cultured in a chemically defined medium for 3 days and, on day 3, they were incubated for 40 h in another medium containing labelled amino-acids either in the presence or absence of 50 ng/ml porcine FSH (pFSH). In control cells, about 107 spots (pI in the range of 5 to 8) were identified by a two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the radiolabelled cytosolic proteins. pFSH treatment produced a marked increase of seven proteins whose molecular weights and isoelectric points are respectively comprised between 25 to 58 K and 5.5 to 5.8. In addition, pFSH treatment induced a slight but constant increase of two other proteins (mol. wt: 24 and 12 K and isoelectric point: 5.3). PMID- 3920448 TI - A timed intravenous pentylenetetrazol infusion seizure model for quantitating the anticonvulsant effect of valproic acid in the rat. AB - A convulsive seizure model that utilizes timed intravenous infusions of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) was developed to quantitate the magnitude of anticonvulsant effect in individual rats. PTZ was infused through an indwelling jugular vein catheter, and the threshold dose of PTZ was calculated from the time needed to produce clonic convulsions, the body weight of the animal, and the rate of infusion of the convulsant. The threshold dose of PTZ was determined in all animals 48 hr before and 15 min after anticonvulsant treatment. From theoretical considerations, the magnitude of anticonvulsant effect was defined as the logarithm of the posttreatment to pretreatment PTZ threshold dose ratio (log DR). The PTZ threshold was found to be insensitive to the rate of PTZ infusion and the body weight of the animal. Furthermore, the PTZ pretest did not influence the results of the posttest in animals treated with saline, and the interanimal variability in the PTZ threshold was found to be low (coefficient of variation of 12.2%). The PTZ infusion model was tested in a preliminary dose-response study of the anticonvulsant valproic acid (VPA). The ED50 for VPA determined with PTZ infusion technique (76.1 +/- 9.0 mg/kg) was in good agreement with a previous study that used the classical subcutaneous PTZ test. Since anticonvulsant effect is measured in individual, as opposed to groups, of animals, the PTZ infusion procedure may offer distinct advantages in the study of the pharmacodynamics of anticonvulsant compounds. PMID- 3920449 TI - Measurement of malonyldialdehyde production during sodium arachidonate-induced polymorphonuclear leukocyte aggregation. AB - Sodium arachidonate stimulated canine polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) to aggregate and produce malonyldialdehyde (MDA). The MDA production was due to cellular processes during the aggregation, as boiled PMN suspension neither aggregated nor produced MDA. Aggregation and MDA production were not due to platelet contamination because epinephrine and ADP were unable to stimulate either of these responses in the PMN suspensions. Finally, use of the aggregatory modifiers indomethacin, 1-methylimidazole, and vitamin E dissociated aggregation from MDA production. These results suggest that the cellular process(es) resulting in MDA production is/are not responsible for canine PMN aggregation. PMID- 3920450 TI - Predicting hospital charge and stay variation. The role of patient teaching status, controlling for diagnosis-related group, demographic characteristics, and severity of illness. AB - Teaching hospitals have higher charges than nonteaching hospitals, and teaching patients within a single institution incur higher charges than do private patients. Teaching hospitals claim that these higher charges are due to caring for patients with more complex illnesses. Critics claim that the increased charges are primarily related to the hospitals' medical education function. Hospital charges and stay were compared across three physician groups: private patients with a community attending physician, teaching patients with a community attending physician, and teaching patients with a faculty attending physician. Severity of illness differences were controlled for by selecting patients from four Diagnosis Related Groups; refining these groups by surgical codes and age; identifying prehospital and inhospital severity of illness control variables; and omitting death and transfer cases in a second analysis. Least squares regression with logarithmic transformations of the dependent variables revealed that placement of patients on the teaching service with a faculty attending physician led to significantly higher charges as compared with private, nonteaching patients. The patients on the teaching service with a community attending physician did not incur significantly higher charges. It was also revealed that many severity of illness variables predicted a significant amount of variation in hospital charges, even after controlling for diagnostic group and teaching status of the patient. PMID- 3920451 TI - [Renal insufficiency and ergotism]. PMID- 3920452 TI - [Hormonal evaluation of 27 patients with acromegaly]. PMID- 3920453 TI - [Use and abuse of the stimulation test of TSH with TRH]. PMID- 3920454 TI - [Convulsive crisis associated with non-ketotic hyperglycemia]. PMID- 3920455 TI - [Examination of thyroid function]. PMID- 3920456 TI - [Prion antibodies and structure analysis clarify questions about atypical viruses. Prion structure under the electron microscope]. PMID- 3920457 TI - [Valproate--new data on metabolism and severe side effects]. PMID- 3920458 TI - [Evaluation of the burden of acute and long-term patient care--primary guidelines in nursing care planning?]. PMID- 3920459 TI - Experimental evidence against middle ear oxygen absorption. AB - The present theory of eustachian tube (ET) function and middle ear (ME) ventilation posits that oxygen absorbed by the ME mucosa causes negative ME pressure which is relieved by periodic opening of the ET during swallowing and yawning. After developing a method to cannulate the ET of mongrel dogs we connected the cannulas hermetically to manometers. This system excluded ET function and tested the oxygen absorption capacity of the ME. When we controlled respiration and maintained blood gas PO2 and PCO2 at normal levels, we were unable to find any manometric evidence of negative pressure of gas absorption in the dog ME. Lowering the PCO2 and raising the PO2 of the blood by hyperventilation caused negative ME pressure which could be measured manometrically. We confirmed these findings with the tympanometer. Raising the PCO2 and lowering the PO2 by hypoventilation caused positive pressure in the ME. There is no evidence in these experiments that O2 absorption occurs or causes negative ME pressure in the dog. To the contrary there is evidence that elevated blood levels of the more diffusible CO2 cause an increase in the ME pressure and lowered CO2 level causes a negative ME pressure. PMID- 3920460 TI - Nd:YAG laser followed by radiation for treatment of malignant airway lesions. AB - Patients with malignant obstructive airway lesions often present with total or segmental atelectasis of lung. In spite of prompt initiation of palliative external radiation alone, some patients were unable to complete the planned course of radiation therapy. Since May 1983, 17 patients with malignant obstructive endobronchial lesions have been treated by endoscopic Nd:YAG laser vaporization of the tumor. One to seven days later, fractionated external radiation therapy was initiated. Endoscopic use of the laser was repeated as needed during the course of treatment. Fifteen out of 17 patients successfully completed the planned course of therapy. The improved performance status was sustained in 13 of 15 patients for 2-13 months. A control group was selected from among patients with similarly located lesions who underwent external radiation treatment only prior to the availability of the Nd:YAG laser therapy. One patient developed radiation pneumonitis six weeks after completion of a second course of external radiation, another patient developed bronchopleural fistula after laser treatment which healed following closed chest tube drainage. The others had longer palliation of symptoms and improved quality of life. The results indicate that relief of airway obstruction by use of the Nd:YAG laser improved the patients' ability to tolerate subsequent external radiation treatment. PMID- 3920461 TI - Thermal effects of the Nd:YAG and carbon dioxide lasers on the central nervous system. AB - The use of laser is becoming commonplace in neurological surgery because of the potential for surgical precision with minimal surrounding trauma, improved hemostasis, freedom from electrical interference of evoked potentials recordings, and a variety of other benefits. Despite this enthusiasm, there are little significant data regarding various laser-neural tissue interactions. Thermal transformation was studied using both carbon dioxide and Nd: YAG lasers on rat cerebral cortex. The Nd: YAG laser produced a significant quantity of heat which spread far beyond the boundaries of the histologically identified lesion. The thermal profile of the carbon dioxide laser on brain indicated minimal thermal spread change, even immediately adjacent to the physical edge of the lesion. Mechanisms and ramifications are discussed. PMID- 3920462 TI - The effects of centrally administered neuropeptides on the development of gastric lesions in the rat. AB - Centrally administered neuropeptides were investigated for their effects on the development of gastric lesions in rats. Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and gonadotropin releasing hormone (LHRH) produced gastric lesions acutely, with TRH demonstrating the most pronounced effect in terms of incidence and severity. Ten-fold higher doses of the same peptides administered intravenously produced none or very few gastric lesions. Moreover, pretreatment with atropine partially inhibited their production. Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) exhibited only mild ulcerogenic effects, and the gastric lesions induced with this peptide developed more slowly than with TRH, VIP and LHRH. Although ulcerogenic in their own right, none of these four neuropeptides significantly potentiated the potent ulcerogenic effects of cold restraint stress. Since other neuropeptides, including somatostatin, human pancreatic growth hormone releasing factor (hpGRF), substance P, bombesin, and neurotensin, had no demonstrable effects on gastric mucosa, we can conclude that the lesions were not a general effect of intracisternal administration of neuropeptides. The results suggest that within the central nervous system, there are several neuropeptides that play a significant role in the development of gastric lesions via, at least in part, vagal-dependent mechanisms. PMID- 3920463 TI - Mechanism of action of gonadotropin-releasing hormone stimulated Leydig cell steroidogenesis. III. The role of arachidonic acid and calcium/phospholipid dependent protein kinase. AB - Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) markedly increased testosterone formation from 2.35 +/- 0.13 ng/ml of the controls to 14.92 +/- 0.33 ng/ml (mean +/- SE) in isolated and purified rat Leydig cells. GnRHa-induced testosterone formation was completely blocked by phospholipase A2 inhibitor (chloroquin, 10( 4) M), but was potentiated by the addition of either cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor (indomethacin) or lipoxygenase inhibitor (nordihydroguaiaretic acid, NDGA). Arachidonic acid also directly stimulated Leydig cell steroidogenesis and activated Ca/phospholipid dependent protein kinase. Steroidogenic effects of arachidonic acid were also potentiated by the addition of either indomethacin or NDGA. These results suggest that arachidonic acid may be important in mediating direct stimulatory effects of GnRH on Leydig cell steroidogenesis, and the conversion of arachidonic acid to either prostaglandins or leukotrienes is not required for its steroidogenic effect. PMID- 3920464 TI - Diurnal oscillations of CSF valproate in monkey. AB - Valproate (VPA) was administered to four rhesus monkeys by constant-rate intravenous infusion for two weeks under controlled conditions. Plasma and CSF samples were collected for a period of 27 hours at 3-hour intervals during steady state and post-infusion periods. The mean correlation coefficient between total plasma and CSF VPA concentrations was found to be 0.78 +/- 0.09. The CSF VPA levels reflected the changes in free VPA in plasma but the two were not equivalent. Diurnal fluctuations in CSF VPA concentration were similar to those found in plasma but the inter-animal variation was greater in CSF than in plasma. PMID- 3920465 TI - Interactions between the benzodiazepine receptor antagonist Ro 15-1788 (flumazepil) and the inverse agonist beta-CCE: behavioral studies with squirrel monkeys. AB - The effects of Ro 15-1788 and ethyl-beta-carboline-3-carboxylate (beta-CCE) were studied alone and in combination on the behavioral performances of squirrel monkeys. Under one procedure, performances maintained by food were suppressed by electric shock presentation (punishment or "conflict" procedure). Under a second procedure, responding was maintained either by food or electric shock delivery under a 5-min fixed-interval schedule. Doses of beta-CCE between 0.1 and 3.0 mg/kg, i.m., produced graded decreases in punished responding which were reversed by pretreatment with Ro 15-1788 (1.0 - 10.0 mg/kg, i.m.). Low doses of beta-CCE (0.03 - 0.3 mg/kg, i.m.) increased responding of monkeys maintained by shock presentation, but did not affect food-maintained responding; higher doses of beta CCE decreased responding under both schedules. These effects of beta-CCE are opposite those produced by the benzodiazepines under this procedure. Ro 15-1788 (1.0 mg/kg i.m.) antagonized the effects of beta-CCE, producing a shift to the right in the dose-response curves. These findings provide further support for the view that beta-CCE and Ro 15-1788 produce effects mediated by the same benzodiazepine receptor recognition site. PMID- 3920466 TI - Enzyme-linked antiglobulin test: variables affecting the test when measuring levels of red cell antigens. PMID- 3920467 TI - Stabilisation of C3 in EDTA-plasma at pH 6.0. PMID- 3920468 TI - Fixation of Mycobacterium leprae in unstained smears prior to shipment or storage: evaluation of formaldehyde using Mycobacterium tuberculosis as indicator of efficacy. PMID- 3920469 TI - Use of enzymes in distinguishing anti-LWa and anti-LWab from anti-D. PMID- 3920470 TI - Increase of free and total testosterone during submaximal exercise in normal males. AB - The serum levels of testosterone, free testosterone, prolactin, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) were measured at rest, during 45 min of exercise on a bicycle ergometer at 50% of the subjects' previously determined maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), and during a 30-min recovery period. Ten healthy, untrained males were used as subjects. Mean serum testosterone levels increased significantly (P less than .05) over resting values at 15 min of exercise. Mean peak serum testosterone and free testosterone were significantly (P less than .01) increased during the exercise period as compared to resting values. No significant changes were measured for serum levels of LH, FSH, or prolactin during exercise. It appeared that bicycle exercise of moderate intensity significantly increased both free and total testosterone in untrained males. PMID- 3920471 TI - Plasma volume and protein content in progressive exercise: influence of cyclooxygenase inhibitors. AB - Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory compounds such as ibuprofen and naproxen reduce volume loss in sheep following injection of endotoxin. We investigated whether these drugs would change the course of plasma volume reduction during progressive exercise on a cycle ergometer. Subjects [15 males; age (mean +/- SD), 26.3 +/- 8.3 yr; height, 180.3 +/- 4.5 cm; weight, 76.8 +/- 8.0 kg; peak VO2, 3.8 +/- 0.6 l.min-1] exercised for 5 min at 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70% of peak VO2 with and without a 24-h pre-treatment with either ibuprofen or naproxen. The two tests for each subject were done a week apart. Blood samples were drawn before and after each exercise level. Based on blood analysis, cyclooxygenase inhibitors significantly altered the retention of protein within the vascular volume during exercise. That is, the degree of concentration of protein per unit of plasma volume loss during exercise was less with drug treatment. In spite of this, ibuprofen and naproxen did not influence fluid shifts during exercise. Use of cyclooxygenase inhibitors probably increased the permeability of vascular endothelium to large molecules, which was only evident when hydrostatic and osmotic events in muscle capillaries caused an increase in bulk flow across the capillary walls. PMID- 3920472 TI - Athletic amenorrhea: a review. AB - Secondary amenorrhea in athletes is reviewed with respect to its incidence, treatment, associated characteristics, proposed mechanisms, and endocrine profile. Athletic amenorrhea is classified within the general category of chronic anovulation syndrome, but no mechanism has been demonstrated. The wide range in observed incidences (1-44%) is due to the lack of a standard definition for secondary amenorrhea and differences between the populations surveyed. The currently recommended treatment is outlined briefly. Several descriptive characteristics of amenorrheic athletes have led to a variety of proposed mechanisms involving body composition, training regimen, reproductive maturity, sport specificity, diet, and psychological stress. Basal hormone concentrations in eumenorrheic women after training and in amenorrheic athletes, as well as transitory endocrine responses to exercise, are the basis for evaluating these proposals. Methodological errors which have led to conflicting results are identified, and the proposed mechanisms are evaluated on the basis of the presently available data. PMID- 3920473 TI - Orotic acid excretion during starvation and refeeding in normal men. AB - The effects of acute food deprivation and subsequent refeeding on urinary orotic acid excretion were examined in nine healthy adult male subjects. During inpatient metabolic ward conditions, the volunteers were fed a nutritionally complete, pyrimidine- and purine-free diet for three days and subsequently underwent a ten-day fast followed by a ten-day period of refeeding by total parenteral nutrition. Mean daily excretion of 4.33 +/- 0.23 mg (2.77 +/- 0.12 mg/g creatinine) of orotic acid during the enterally fed state was significantly reduced (mean 46 +/- 5%) in all subjects during starvation. This reduction in the excretion of orotic acid during starvation is more likely related to a lowered rate of production and utilization. The starvation adaptation of orotate excretion occurred more rapidly than did the decrease in urinary nitrogen loss. All subjects showed an increase (mean 48 +/- 14%) in the excretion of orotic acid during the first day of refeeding which continued throughout the refeeding phase. A significant positive correlation was shown between the daily orotic acid excretion and nitrogen intake (r = 0.98) or protein balance (r = 0.83). The response to refeeding of acutely malnourished normal male is an increase in orotic acid excretion with a decrease in whole body protein catabolism. PMID- 3920474 TI - Properties of ICI 128,436, a novel aldose reductase inhibitor, and its effects on diabetic complications in the rat. AB - ICI 128,436 (3-(4-bromo-2-fluorobenzyl)-4-oxo-3H-phthalazin-1-ylacetic acid) is a chemically novel, potent inhibitor of aldose reductase. It inhibits partially purified aldose reductase isolated from a number of sources including human tissue (human lens - IC50 2.0 X 10(-8) mol/L). Dulcitol accumulation in erythrocytes and sciatic nerves of galactose loaded rats was inhibited by five days of treatment with ICI 128,436 (oral ED50's 2.21 mg/kg and 8.56 mg/kg, respectively). On oral administration for five days to streptozotocin diabetic rats, ICI 128,436, reduced sorbitol levels in sciatic nerve, lens, retina, and renal cortex. The ED50 for inhibition of nerve sorbitol accumulation was 5 mg/kg. The effect of a single dose of ICI 128,436 in diabetic rats was prolonged, with little increase in nerve sorbitol for 48 hours. No tolerance to the ability of ICI 128,436 to reduce nerve sorbitol was found on treatment for 74 days. ICI 128,436 was effective in rodent models of the neural and lenticular complications of diabetes. At doses as low as 25 mg/kg/d it completely prevented the development of cataracts in diabetic rats. The deterioration in motor nerve conduction velocity velocity found in diabetic rats was ameliorated by treatment with ICI 128,436 (3.125 mg/kg/d). Thus, ICI 128,436 constitutes a chemically novel aldose reductase inhibitor that is now being assessed for therapeutic value in the diabetic patient. PMID- 3920475 TI - Changes in the distribution and composition of high-density lipoproteins in primary hypothyroidism. AB - The distribution and composition of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subclasses were investigated in 14 women with severe hypothyroidism who were studied before and during treatment. The plasma concentrations of triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and of the apoproteins (apo) A-I, B, and E were increased in the hypothyroid state, while the apo A-II levels did not change significantly. After normalization of the thyroid function tests, the lipid and apoprotein levels were similar to those of normal individuals. Isopycnic ultracentrifugation in the density range 1.020 to 1.210 g/mL showed increases of both cholesterol and apo B in very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and in low density lipoprotein (LDL). The distribution of the HDL subclasses was modified in the hypothyroid subjects; both the less dense HDL fraction (d 1.063 to 1.100 g/mL; HDL2b), and the denser subclass (d 1.150 to 1.210 g/mL; HDL3b+3c) were increased, while the intermediate density subfraction (d 1.100 to 1.150 g/mL; HDL2a+3a) did not vary significantly. This redistribution of the HDL subfractions was associated with increased concentrations of cholesterol, phospholipid, and apo A-I in HDL2b, and of phospholipid and apo A-I in HDL3b+3c. Treatment of hypothyroidism decreased the concentrations of these fractions, and HDL2a+3a became the major HDL subclass in the euthyroid state. The particle sizes within HDL subfractions, measured by polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis, were identical in the untreated and treated patients. The increased mass of protein and lipid within HDL2b and HDL3b+3c could therefore be attributed to an accumulation of identical-sized particles. The overall lipid and protein composition of the HDL lipoproteins was similar before and during treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3920476 TI - Polyhomeotic: a gene of Drosophila melanogaster required for correct expression of segmental identity. AB - A new locus in Drosophila melanogaster that is required for the correct expression of segmental identity has been discovered. The new locus, termed polyhomeotic (ph), is X-linked and maps cytologically to bands 2D2-3. Homozygous ph flies have homeotic transformations similar to those of known dominant gain of function mutants in the Antennapedia and bithorax complexes (ANT-C, BX-C), and in addition show loss of the humerus. ph interacts with three other similar mutations: Polycomb (Pc), Polycomblike (Pcl), and extra sex comb (esc), and acts as a dominant enhancer of Pc. The expression of ph depends on the ANT-C and BX-C dosage. ph has no embryonic phenotype, but temperature shift studies on ph2 show that the ph+ product is required during embryogenesis and larval development. We propose that ph mutants in some way disrupt the normal expression of the ANT-C and BX-C, and, therefore, that ph+ is needed for maintenance of segmental identity. PMID- 3920477 TI - Identification of the dadX gene coding for the predominant isozyme of alanine racemase in Escherichia coli K12. AB - Evidence is presented that alanine racemase activity in E. coli K12 is due to two distinct gene products. The predominant isozyme is inducible by either alanine stereoisomer and repressible by glucose. The gene dadX coding for its structure is located by the dadA gene determining the structure of D-amino acid dehydrogenase. The regulatory site for the expression of both genes, dadR, is located on the other side of dadA. The orientation of the dad operon established by multiple-point crosses and deletion mapping is as follows: fadR ...dadRAX ...hemA. The dadX alanine racemase activity is unusually refractory to changes of incubation temperature. It differs strikingly from that of the other isozyme, probably the product of the alr gene. The latter isozyme shows a typical dependence upon incubation temperature. The synthesis of alr alanine racemase is constitutive in respect of both alanine and glucose. In dadX mutants, in which alanine racemase activity equals only 15% of that in wild-type cells grown in the absence of an inducer or catabolite repressor, the dad operon cannot be induced by D-alanine. We presume, therefore, that L-alanine is involved more directly than D-alanine in dad operon regulation. PMID- 3920478 TI - DNA sequences specifying the transcription of the streptococcal kanamycin resistance gene in Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. AB - The gene conferring resistance to kanamycin, aphA, and originating from the streptococcal plasmid pJH1 was inserted into a shuttle vector. Full expression of aphA was obtained in Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. The starting point for aphA transcription, determined by S1 nuclease mapping, was located 340 base pairs upstream from the ATG translational initiator codon. The sequence of the promoter consists of the hexanucleotides TTGACA and TATCTT, with a spacing of 17 base pairs. The stability profile of a 600 base-pair-long DNA fragment containing the aphA promoter and the translational initiation site indicated that, as already reported for Escherichia coli, both structures are located in domains of weak stability. PMID- 3920479 TI - Identification of a gene, tir of R100, functionally homologous to the F3 gene of F in the inhibition of RP4 transfer. AB - We detected a gene of R100 functionally homologous to the F3 gene of F in the inhibition of RP4 transfer. Using in vitro recombinant DNA techniques, we located the gene, designated tir, in a 0.9 kb region, 2,392-3,293 in the nucleotide sequence coordinate of R100. From the DNA sequence analysis of R100 (Ohtsubo unpublished results), a coding frame of polypeptides, whose molecular weight is estimated to be 24.1 kilodaltons (kd), was inferred to be the region tir. Furthermore, we showed that tir could not repress expression of the F3 gene. PMID- 3920480 TI - Nonneural vascular smooth muscle tone in arterioles of the hamster cheek pouch. AB - The object of the present study was to employ specific pharmacological agents and the chemical sympatholytic drug 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) to characterize the neural and adrenergic control of vascular smooth muscle tone in arterioles of the hamster cheek pouch. Arteriolar diameters were measured in the superfused cheek pouch of anesthetized male golden hamsters. All orders of arterioles constricted in response to norepinephrine (10(-7) g/ml) and increased superfusion solution PO2, and dilated in response to isoproterenol (10(-7) g/ml) and adenosine (10(-4) M). Tetrodotoxin (10(-6) g/ml), phentolamine (10(-6) g/ml), and propranolol (10( 6) g/ml) had no effect upon arteriolar diameters under resting conditions. However, phentolamine and propranolol completely blocked vessel responses to norepinephrine and isoproterenol, respectively. Arterioles dilated during superfusion with either 6-OHDA (300 micrograms/ml) or its acidic vehicle. However, vessel diameters returned toward control values during the subsequent 2 hr washout period and exhibited no net dilation following recovery from 6-OHDA or its vehicle. This study suggests that neural and adrenergic mechanisms are not the primary determinants of arteriolar tone in the hamster cheek pouch. PMID- 3920481 TI - Detroit's superconducting cyclotron will be a first for radiation therapy. PMID- 3920482 TI - The use of mid upper arm circumference in the assessment of nutritional status: the Mursi. PMID- 3920483 TI - [Disodium cromoglycate, DSCG]. PMID- 3920484 TI - An adoptive transfer system for the investigation of granuloma formation in murine listeriosis. AB - A system is described for studying adoptive transfer of granuloma formation in infection of mice with the facultative intracellular bacterium, Listeria monocytogenes. Intravenous injection of graded numbers of L. monocytogenes-immune peritoneal exudate T-enriched cells (PETLEs) together with 5 X 10(4) living L. monocytogenes resulted in dose-dependent accelerated granuloma formation in the livers of recipient mice. The lymphoid cells conferring granuloma formation were T cells by virtue of their nonadherence to nylon wool and sensitivity to anti-Thy 1.2 antiserum plus complement. Since granuloma formation could not be transferred from C57B1/6J donors to BALB/c recepients it is concluded that adoptive transfer of granuloma formation is genetically restricted. PMID- 3920485 TI - The NCI's Cancer Centers Program: past, present, and future. AB - Since passage of the National Cancer Act in 1971, the NCI Centers Program has promoted the establishment and the development of cancer centers of many types throughout the nation. These now include 20 comprehensive cancer centers, as well as a number of clinical and basic science centers that are supported through NCI core grants. Scientific productivity at NCI-supported centers has been high. While cancer center core grants usually represent only a small proportion of the total extramural research support for a given institution, they are essential in providing shared resources and in pulling together the various component research programs of a center into a unified program. The future directions of the NCI centers program as a whole, as well as the role of cancer research centers within their communities and regions, are discussed. PMID- 3920486 TI - Leydig cell damage after testicular irradiation for lymphoblastic leukaemia. AB - The effect of testicular irradiation on Leydig cell function has been studied in a group of boys irradiated between 1 and 5 years earlier for a testicular relapse of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Six of the seven boys irradiated during prepubertal life had an absent testosterone response to HCG stimulation. Two of the four boys irradiated during puberty had an appropriate basal testosterone level, but the testosterone response to HCG stimulation was subnormal in three of the four. Abnormalities in gonadotrophin secretion consistent with testicular damage were noted in nine of the 11 boys. Evidence of severe Leydig cell damage was present irrespective of whether the boys were studied within 1 year or between 3 and 5 years after irradiation, suggesting that recovery is unlikely. Androgen replacement therapy has been started in four boys and will be required by the majority of the remainder to undergo normal pubertal development. PMID- 3920487 TI - Polysaccharide vaccine for prevention of Haemophilus influenzae type b disease. PMID- 3920488 TI - Tornado disaster--North Carolina, South Carolina, March 28, 1984. PMID- 3920489 TI - Injuries associated with three-wheel all-terrain vehicles--Alaska. PMID- 3920490 TI - Update: milk-borne salmonellosis--Illinois. PMID- 3920492 TI - Leading work-related diseases and injuries--United States. PMID- 3920491 TI - Preliminary report: epidemic fatal purpuric fever among children--Brazil. PMID- 3920493 TI - Disseminated Mycobacterium bovis infection from BCG vaccination of a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. PMID- 3920494 TI - Rubella in colleges--United States, 1983-1984. PMID- 3920495 TI - Reinstatement of regular diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine schedule. PMID- 3920496 TI - Project Graduation--Maine. PMID- 3920497 TI - Human rabies acquired outside the United States. PMID- 3920498 TI - Measles in an immunized school-aged population--New Mexico. PMID- 3920499 TI - Update: influenza activity--United States. PMID- 3920500 TI - [Experimental studies on effects of total-body and local hyperthermia on metastases in mice]. AB - To study the effects of total-body hyperthermia (TBH) and local one (LH) on tumor metastases in animal experiments, heat was delivered to Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC)-bearing C57BL/6 mice and mouse ascites hepatoma-134 (MH-134)-bearing C3H/He mice, by water bath immersion systemically and locally. Rectal temperature in TBH was kept at 40 or 42 degrees C, while intratumor temperature in LH, at 40, 42, or 43 degrees C, respectively for 30 min. Also backgrounds of spread of lung metastasis of LLC in the case of TBH at 42 degrees C have been investigated as well as strategic preventive measures for it. The following results were obtained: The growth of primary LLC and MH-134 tumors was inhibited by TBH and LH at 42 degrees C and LH at 43 degrees C. The lung metastases of LLC increased by TBH at 42 degrees C. The lymph node metastases of MH-134 decreased by LH at 43 degrees C. The increase of lung metastases of LLC by 42 degrees C TBH occurred within 24hr after the session, presumably due to the increase in intravascular invasion of tumor cells and accelerated implantation of them according to histological changes of lungs. The observable tendency toward lung metastases continued for 48hr after treatment, coincidentally with distinctness in observation of histological changes. The increase mentioned above could be prevented by combined use of 42 degrees C TBH with anticancer drugs, as cis diamminedichloroplatinum II or mitomycin-C. This combination resulted in further inhibition of tumor growth of primary LLC also, than non-combined 42 degrees C TBH. Considering the above facts, combined treatment of TBH with anticancer drugs is believed much valid clinically, in preventing metastases and making higher exertions of antitumor effects. PMID- 3920501 TI - [Experimental study on intrahepatic gas tensions measured by mass spectrometry: effect on temporary occlusion of the afferent hepatic circulation]. AB - In 24 mongrel dogs, a mass spectrometer was utilized to measure intrahepatic pO2 and pCO2 levels subjected to various degrees of inspired oxygen concentration, or interruption of the afferent hepatic circulation. The mean intrahepatic pO2 and pCO2 levels in dogs breathing 70% O2 were 46.0 +/- 13.3(SD) mmHg and 27.4 +/- 13.0mmHg, respectively. Progressive rise of the intrahepatic pO2 and pCO2 was observed with increase in the arterial pO2 and pCO2 when the hepatic circulation was kept constant. When the hepatic artery was interrupted, mean intrahepatic pO2 fell rapidly to 20% of the control value, and mean intrahepatic pCO2 rose to 200%. Rather wide dispersion of the values among the experimental animals during the hepatic artery interruption was speculated to reflect the variety of collateral hepatic arterial supply and various degrees of congestion of portal blood flow. Transient decrease in the mean intrahepatic pO2 was observed following interruption of the portal vein. Intrahepatic pO2 rapidly fell to zero and pCO2 increased in a lineal fashion when the total hepatic circulation was interrupted. The latter rose to 453% of the control value 30 minutes after interruption, then the rate of rise gradually decreased until a plateau was reached one hour later. This decrease in the rate of rise in intrahepatic pCO2 was regarded to reflect the reduction of energy production through the anerobic pathway due to irreversible hepatic parenchymal degeneration. It is suggested that the measurement of intrahepatic gas tensions under various conditions by a mass spectrometer technique is useful for evaluating changes of intrahepatic microcirculation and dynamic aspects of anerobic metabolism of the liver. PMID- 3920502 TI - Uptake and metabolism of eicosa-8, 11, 14-trienoic acid in normal hepatocytes and HTC cells. AB - The incorporation and conversion of eicosa-8,11,14-trienoic acid to arachidonic acid were studied in HTC cells (7288 c hepatoma cells) and isolated hepatocytes of rat. The cells were incubated at different concentrations of the acid during 0 to 6 hours. Both kinds of cells were able to take up the acid. However, the HTC cells have a greater avidity for the eicosatrienoic acid than normal liver cells. The incorporation of the acid modified the fatty acid composition of the cells and caused a decrease in the amount of saturated and monoenoic acid. In both cells eicosatrienoic acid was converted to arachidonic acid. However, in HTC cells arachidonic acid level was low and not correlated with the amount of the eicosatrienoic acid incorporated. This fact is apparently not due to an impairment in delta 5 desaturation activity since this enzyme is active in both cells. It would be possible that arachidonic acid production in malignant cells would be also interrupted in another metabolic pathway after delta 6 desaturation step. The strikingly low amount of arachidonic acid biosynthesized in HTC cells compared to normal hepatocytes could be interpreted as a consequence of a lower availability of eicosatrienoic acid for the microsomal desaturation system in malignant cells, in addition to the low delta 6 desaturase activity. PMID- 3920503 TI - Differential expression of multiple forms of arginase in cultured cells. AB - Arginase (EC 3.5.3.1), the final enzyme in the urea cycle, catalyzes the cleavage of arginine to orthinine and urea. At least two forms of this enzyme, AI and AII, have been described and are probably encoded by discrete genetic loci. The expression of these separate genes has been studied in mammalian cells grown in culture. The permanent rat-hepatoma line H4-II-E-C3 contained exclusively the AI enzyme; the form in mammals comprising about 98% of the arginase activity in liver and erythrocytes but catalyzing only about one half of that reaction in kidney, gastrointestinal tract, and brain. By contrast, human-embryonic-kidney and -brain cells, after transformation with the human papovavirus BK, contained only the AII species of arginase, which form contributes the remaining half of that catalysis in those mammalian tissues in vivo. We report here the results of an extensive study on the properties of these two forms of arginase in the three cell lines, including Km values for arginine, behavior on polyacrylamide gels under non-denaturing conditions, and cross-reactivity with lapine antibodies against the arginases from either rat or human liver. PMID- 3920505 TI - [The structure of pepsin. I. Molecular self-symmetry of the enzyme and implications for the evolution of aspartate proteinases]. AB - This is the first paper in the series of publications on the detailed description of different aspects of pepsin structure. It concerns the domain structure of the enzyme and the topology of the arrangement of beta-strands in pepsin and related aspartic proteases, this topology being quite different from that of all other beta-proteins. The topology, molecular symmetry and the close proximity of the N- and C-termini of domains suggest that at the first stages of evolution polypeptide chains of some preproteins could be closed in rings, which become open at the subsequent stages. Their genes duplicated twice, and the fusion process resulted in a gene consisting of similar parts. PMID- 3920504 TI - Mechanisms of insulin resistance in cultured fibroblasts from a patient with leprechaunism: resistance to proteolytic activation of glycogen synthase by trypsin. AB - Post-receptor or post-binding events in the action of insulin have been investigated in cultured skin fibroblasts from an infant with leprechaunism. Both diminished binding of insulin and multiplication-stimulating activity (MSA) to these cells as well as deficits distal to binding were described in a previous publication. Exposure of control fibroblasts to low concentrations (0.001 to 0.01%) of trypsin for one min without glucose in the medium activated the enzyme glycogen synthase; activation was less than that observed with a maximally effective concentration (10(-6) M) of insulin alone. In cells from the patient with leprechaunism, the effect of trypsin was much smaller than in the control fibroblasts. Exposing the control cells to soybean trypsin inhibitor before addition of trypsin prevented activation of glycogen synthase and demonstrated the specificity of the proteolytic action of trypsin. The rates of activation and inactivation of glycogen synthase in vitro were similar in extracts of the control subject's and the patient's fibroblasts and indicated that the enzymes regulating the phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of glycogen synthase were intact in the patient's cells. Total glycogen synthase activity and glycogen content were also indistinguishable in control and leprechaun fibroblasts. These results are compatible with the presence of an abnormality in the structure or availability of the protease substrate from which chemical mediators of insulin action are formed in the patient's cells. Two possible models for a receptor coupling complex are proposed. Either a mutation in a regulator-substrate unit of the receptor-coupling complexes for insulin and certain insulin-like growth factors or an alteration in the environment of the unit are postulated to explain the findings. PMID- 3920506 TI - [The structure of pepsin. II. Structure of the enzyme active site (at 2 angstroms resolution)]. AB - Detailed structure of the pepsin active site in the region of the active aspartic acid residues and substrate binding S1 and S1' sites is considered. At the active site of the enzyme crystals studied several molecules of ethanol were detected, which interact with active groups. The catalytic properties of aspartyl proteinases towards dipeptide substrates were explained on the base of the specific structure of S1 and S1' binding sites. PMID- 3920507 TI - [Visualization of elementary structures in polytene chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster]. AB - Electron microscopic study of total polytene chromosome preparations makes it possible to reveal elementary structures of polytene chromosomes. Elementary chromosomes are detected which contain chromomeric and interchromomeric regions. Transcription is seen in puffs and in many bands. Chromatin spreading shows that both chromomeric and interchromomeric regions of elementary chromosomes consist of nucleosomes. A ribbon-like model of polytene chromosome structure is suggested and discussed. In the ribbon-like chromosome each elementary chromosome gels conjugated only with the two adjacent sister chromosomes. Conjugation occurs only in the chromomeric regions, interchromomeric regions do not conjugate. Both chromomeric and interchromomeric regions are duplicated during polytenization which ensure proportional replication of all the bands and interbands in the course of polytenization. PMID- 3920508 TI - [Electron microscope study of changes in the chromatin structure in different functional states of nuclei of a ciliate Bursaria truncatella and a myxomycete Physarum polycephalum]. AB - Chromatin structural organization was studied by means of electron microscopy in the macronuclei of ciliate Bursaria truncatella at various stages of the life cycle (at different time intervals after cell division, in resting cysts and at excysting) and in the nuclei of myxomycete Physarum polycephalum during the mitotic cycle. Inactive chromatin was shown to be organized in compact clumps 100 300 nm in diameter linked with each other, their loop organization being convincingly demonstrated. Upon activation chromatin decompacts and is represented by nucleosomal fibres with a lot of replicationally and transcriptionally active regions. Both the reptication and transcription processes in physarum nuclei and transcription processes in bursaria can occur on the loops of chromatin fibres emerging from the decompacting clump. The data obtained evidence in favour of a structural-functional correspondence between the chromatin clumps of physarum and bursaria and the chromomeres in chromosomes of higher eucaryotes. Based on the data received it is concluded that the chromatin clump represents a dynamic structure unit able to decompact forming the loop shaped chromatin fibres. Such a structural organization provides the spacial distribution of DNA in the nuclei and the possibility of selective functioning of definite regions of the genome. PMID- 3920509 TI - The heat shock consensus sequence is not sufficient for hsp70 gene expression in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - A hybrid gene in which the expression of an Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase gene was placed under the control of a Drosophila melanogaster 70,000-dalton heat shock protein (hsp70) gene promoter was constructed. Mutant derivatives of this hybrid gene which contained promoter sequences of different lengths were prepared, and their heat-induced expression was examined in D. melanogaster and COS-1 (African green monkey kidney) cells. Mutants with 5' nontranscribed sequences of at least 90 and up to 1,140 base pairs were expressed strongly in both cell types. Mutants with shorter 5' extensions (of at least 63 base pairs) were transcribed and translated efficiently in COS-1 but not at all in D. melanogaster cells. Thus, in contrast to the situation in COS-1 cells, the previously defined heat shock consensus sequence which is located between nucleotides 62 and 48 of the hsp70 gene 5' nontranscribed DNA segment is not sufficient for the expression of the D. melanogaster gene in homologous cells. A second consensus-like element 69 to 85 nucleotides upstream from the cap site is postulated to be also involved in the heat-induced expression of the hsp70 gene in D. melanogaster cells. PMID- 3920510 TI - pp60c-src in the developing cerebellum. AB - pp60c-src was localized in the cerebellum of developing chicken embryos by immunoperoxidase staining with antisera raised against bacterially expressed pp60v-src. Immunoreactivity (IR) appeared in the cerebellum of the chicken embryos at the time of neuronal differentiation. pp60c-src IR was detected in regions of the developing cerebellum where processes of developing neurons and glia are located. In the early embryo (stage 17), pp60c-src IR was localized in the marginal zone of the cerebellar plate. By stage 40, pp60c-src IR was localized in the process-rich molecular layer of the cerebellum and between the cells of the developing internal granular layer. Cell bodies of cerebellar neurons did not show pp60c-src IR at any stage of development. Mitotically active neuroepithelial cells of the metencephalon did not express pp60c-src before the onset of differentiation in the early embryo, nor did proliferating cells of the external granular layer express pp60c-src at later stages. Although it is not possible to ascertain whether pp60c-src is localized in developing neurons or glia at the light microscope level, the time of its appearance and pattern of distribution in the molecular layer is suggestive of a localization within the developing neuronal processes which compose the bulk of this layer. Biochemical analyses of pp60c-src in the developing cerebellum by the immune complex protein kinase activity and sensitivity of the kinase to inhibition by P1,P4-di(adenosine 5')tetraphosphate confirmed that the expression of pp60c-src coincided with the time of neuronal differentiation. We conclude from these results that in the central nervous systems, pp60c-src may be more important in an aspect of cell differentiation or a mature neuronal function than in the proliferation of neuronal or glial precursors. PMID- 3920511 TI - Regulation of a ras-related protein during development of Dictyostelium discoideum. AB - Recent work has shown that DNA sequences related to the mammalian ras proto oncogenes are highly conserved in eucaryotic evolution. A monoclonal antibody (Y13-259) to mammalian p21ras specifically precipitated a 23,000-molecular-weight protein (p23) from lysates of Dictyostelium discoideum amoebae. Tryptic peptide analysis indicated that D. discoideum p23 was closely related in its primary structure to mammalian p21ras. p23 was apparently derived by post-translational modification of a 24,000-molecular-weight primary gene product. The amount of p23 was highest in growing amoebae, but declined markedly with the onset of differentiation such that by fruiting body formation there was less than 10% of the amoeboid level. The rate of p23 synthesis dropped rapidly during aggregation, rose transiently during pseudoplasmodial formation, and then declined during the terminal stages of differentiation. There was, therefore, a strong correlation between the expression of the ras-related protein p23 and cell proliferation of D. discoideum. PMID- 3920512 TI - Specific Saccharomyces cerevisiae genes are expressed in response to DNA-damaging agents. AB - When exposed to DNA-damaging agents, the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae induces the expression of at least six specific genes. We have previously identified one damage inducible (DIN) gene as a gene fusion (din-lacZ fusion) whose expression increases in response to DNA-damaging treatments. We describe here the identification of five additional DIN genes as din-lacZ fusions and the responses of all six DIN genes to DNA-damaging agents. Northern blot analyses of the transcripts of two of the DIN genes show that their levels increase after exposure to DNA-damaging agents. Five of the din-lacZ fusions are induced in S. cerevisiae cells exposed to UV light, gamma rays, methotrexate, or alkylating agents. One of the din-lacZ fusions is induced by either UV or methotrexate but not by the other agents. This finding suggests that there are sets of DIN genes that are regulated differently. PMID- 3920513 TI - [Monitoring long-term therapy with theophylline preparations in children with asthma]. AB - In 78 children (4 to 17 years of age) with moderate or severe asthma who were additionally treated with sustained-release theophylline preparations, different ways of drug monitoring were examined. Analysis of plasma and saliva theophylline was performed by means of high performance liquid chromatography. Saliva theophylline turned out to permit a reliable prediction of plasma theophylline, if an individual regression is calculated for each patient, basing on 3 simultaneously performed measurements of theophylline levels in saliva and plasma within the therapeutic range of 8 to 20 mg/l. In 25 patients theophylline levels were determined in venous and capillary blood. There was an excellent agreement (r = 0.97). Thus, a convenient monitoring of theophylline treatment in children is possible. PMID- 3920515 TI - Mechanisms contributing to non-recovery of translocations induced in meiotic cells. AB - A cytological analysis of 22 and 7 autosomal (2;3) translocations induced, respectively, in mature and immature oocytes of Drosophila melanogaster appeared to be random in the distribution of the breaks. This finding is contrary to that expected if, as suggested by the mechanism of directed disjunction, the chromosomes involved in interchange at the centric region tended to be distributed to opposite poles at division I of meiosis. In each arm, the breaks were distributed more or less at random between the centromere and the telomere. However, in the translocations from the immature oocytes, the break-telomere distances of the segments interchanged showed a positive correlation, indicating that translocations induced in meiotic prophase and having a highly disproportionate length of segments interchanged are prone to be eliminated at division II by non-random disjunction of heteromorphic dyads. PMID- 3920514 TI - Genotoxicity studies with mineral oils; effects of oils on the microbial mutagenicity of precursor mutagens and genotoxic metabolites. AB - In vitro genotoxicity assays are extensively used to predict carcinogenic activity in vivo. The standard microbial mutagenicity assays however often fail to yield positive results with mineral oils which are carcinogenic to mice in long-term skin-cancer studies. A comprehensive programme of studies has therefore investigated the basis of this apparently anomalous behaviour. This investigation has addressed the possible effects of oils on the bioactivation of precursor mutagens and the disposition of mutagenic metabolites by studying the microbial mutagenicity of selected precursor mutagens (benzo[a]pyrene, benzo[a]anthracene, 2-aminoanthracene and 2-naphthylamine) and intrinsically reactive mutagens [+/- ) benzo[a]pyrene-4,5-oxide and (+/-)-7 beta,8 alpha-dihydroxy-9 alpha,10 alpha epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene) in the presence and absence of mineral oils. Notably the mutagenicity associated with the deliberate additions of these mutagens or precursor mutagens to oils was readily detected by the microbial assays. The mutagenicity of only one of the precursor mutagens, benzo[a]pyrene, was significantly reduced by the oils, and then only in the standard plate incorporation assay. Interestingly the degree of suppression appeared to be related to the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon content of the oils. In the case of 2-aminoanthracene large enhancements in its mutagenicity were observed in the presence of oils. These latter findings appear to be due to effects of oils on the bioactivation of precursor mutagens rather than on the disposition of their bioactivation products. The mutagenicity of intrinsically reactive mutagens, of a type generated by bioactivation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, was not significantly reduced in the presence of mineral oils. This indicates that it is unlikely that components in oils trap or facilitate the deactivation of ultimate mutagens whether these pre-exist in the oil or are formed from precursors by bioactivation in the in vitro test system. Viewed overall these results suggest that mineral oils judged to be carcinogenic on the basis of in vivo studies in mouse skin may possess only very weak genotoxic potential. While this potential is likely to be a prerequisite for carcinogenic action, the current results cause attention to be focussed on other factors, e.g. promotion, as potentially important determinants of the carcinogenic potencies of mineral oils in mouse skin. PMID- 3920516 TI - Evaluation of genetic damage induced by 8-ethoxycaffeine in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - The methylated oxypurine, 8-ethoxycaffeine (EOC), was tested for the induction of genetic damage in Drosophila melanogaster. Sex-linked recessive lethals, sex chromosome loss and tanslocation induction were studied following treatment of adult males, using a feeding technique. Our results show that EOC induces sex chromosome loss and translocations between the second and third chromosomes, but is unable to induce point mutations in male germ cells under our conditions of testing. PMID- 3920517 TI - The relationship between reaction kinetics and mutagenic action of monofunctional alkylating agents in higher eukaryotic systems. IV. The effects of the excision defective mei-9L1 and mus(2)201D1 mutants on alkylation-induced genetic damage in Drosophila. AB - Repair-defective mutants of Drosophila melanogaster which identify two major DNA excision repair loci have been examined for their effects on alkylation-induced mutagenesis using the sex-linked recessive lethal assay as a measure of genotoxic endpoint. The alkylating agents (AAs) chosen for comparative analysis were selected on the basis of their reaction kinetics with DNA and included MMS, EMS, MNU, DMN, ENU, DEN and ENNG. Repair-proficient males were treated with the AAs and mated with either excision-defective mei-9L1 or mus(2)201D1 females or appropriate excision-proficient control females. The results of the present work suggest that a qualitative and quantitative relationship exists between the nature and the extent of chemical modification of DNA and the induction of of genetic alterations. The presence of either excision-defective mutant can enhance the frequency of mutation (hypermutability) and this hypermutability can be correlated with the Swain-Scott constant S of specific AAs such that as the SN1 character of the DNA alkylation reaction increases, the difference in response between repair-deficient and repair-proficient females decreases. The order of hypermutability of AAs with mei-9L1 relative to mei-9+ is MMS greater than MNU greater than DMN = EMS greater than iPMS = ENU = DEN = ENNG. When the percentage of lethal mutations induced in mei-9L1 females are plotted against those determined for control females, straight lines of different slopes are obtained. These mei-9L1/mei-9+ indices are: MMS = 7.6, MNU = 5.4, DMN = 2.4, EMS = 2.4 and iPMS = ENU = DEN = ENNG = 1. An identical order of hypermutability with similar indices is obtained for the mus(2)201 mutants: MMS(7.3) greater than MNU (5.4) greater than EMS(2.0) greater than ENU(1.1). Thus, absence of excision repair function has a significant effect on mutation production by AAs efficient in alkylating N-atoms in DNA but no measurable influence on mutation production by AAs most efficient in alkylating O-atoms in DNA. The possible nature of these DNA adducts has been discussed in relation to repair of alkylated DNA. In another series of experiments, the effect on alkylation mutagenesis of mei-9L1 was studied in males, by comparing mutation induction in mei-9L1 males vs. activity in Berlin K (control). Although these experiments suggested the existence of DNA repair in postmeiotic cells during spermatogenesis, no quantitative comparisons could be made.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3920519 TI - DRGs and surgical practice. PMID- 3920518 TI - Treatment of hyponatremia. PMID- 3920520 TI - Use of the initial electrocardiogram to predict in-hospital complications of acute myocardial infarction. AB - We evaluated the initial electrocardiogram as a predictor of complications in 469 patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction. An electrocardiogram was classified as positive if it showed one or more of the following: evidence of infarction, ischemia, or strain; left ventricular hypertrophy; left bundle-branch block; or paced rhythm. Forty-two (14 per cent) of 302 patients with positive electrocardiograms had at least one life-threatening complication (ventricular fibrillation, sustained ventricular tachycardia, or heart block), as compared with 1 (0.6 per cent) of 167 patients with a negative electrocardiogram. Life threatening complications were therefore 23 times more likely if the initial electrocardiogram was positive (P less than 0.001). Other complications were 3 to 10 times more likely (P less than 0.01), interventions were 4 to 10 times more likely (P less than 0.05), and death was 17 times more likely (P less than 0.001) in patients with a positive electrocardiogram. We conclude that patients with a negative initial electrocardiogram have a low likelihood of complications and could be admitted to an intermediate care unit instead of a coronary care unit. This would reduce admissions to the coronary care unit by 36 per cent and thereby save considerable hospital costs without compromising patient care. PMID- 3920521 TI - Subclinical brain swelling in children during treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis. AB - Clinically apparent cerebral edema is a rare and often fatal complication of diabetic ketoacidosis. To determine whether subclinical brain swelling occurs more commonly, we obtained cranial CT scans in six children with diabetic ketoacidosis treated with fluid resuscitation and continuous low-dose insulin therapy. Control scans were obtained before hospital discharge. Compared with the scans during convalescence, the early scans of all six children showed a narrowing of the brain's ventricular system, compatible with brain swelling. Average changes in diameter were 1.3 +/- 0.1 mm for the third ventricle and 3.7 +/- 0.8 mm for the lateral ventricles (P less than 0.01). In addition, a narrowing of the subarachnoid spaces was subjectively noted during a blind reading of the early scans. Although no single scan was overtly indicative of cerebral edema, the data suggest that subclinical brain swelling may be a common occurrence during treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis in children. Sequential CT scans of the brain may provide a means of evaluating modifications of standard therapy aimed at preventing cerebral edema. PMID- 3920522 TI - Cerebral edema in diabetic ketoacidosis. PMID- 3920523 TI - Liver transplantation in a hemophiliac. PMID- 3920524 TI - Serology of paracoccidioidomycosis. I. Evaluation of the indirect immunofluorescent test. AB - The purposes of the present work were: i) to study the positivity indices and compare titers obtained with the indirect immunofluorescence (II), tube precipitation (TP), complement fixation (CF) and double immunodiffusion on agar gel (ID) tests in the sera of 196 patients with paracoccidioidomycosis before treatment, and ii) to compare the initial titers of II with those obtained 1 year or more after treatment. II was the most sensitive serologic reaction (85.2%), and the positivity indices for CF, ID and TP were 67.7%, 66.0% and 50.0%, respectively. The sera tended to show parallel mean titers in II, CF and TP tests. One year after treatment there was a fall in titers of II in 66.2% of patients. The data, taken as a whole, demonstrate the usefulness of the indirect immunofluorescent test and the importance of using 2 or more serologic tests for the diagnosis and monitoring of patients with paracoccidioidomycosis. PMID- 3920525 TI - Significance of enamel thickness in hominoid evolution. AB - Enamel thickness has assumed unique importance in the debate about the hominid status of Ramapithecus, despite the fact that there is little agreement about the meaning of 'thick enamel' or the significance of enamel thickness for hominoid taxonomy. My aim here is to evaluate the usefulness of enamel thickness and microstructure as characteristics for determining the relationships of the later Miocene hominoids, based both on a quantitative study of enamel thickness in extant hominoids and four species of later Miocene Sivapithecus (including 'Ramapithecus') and on scanning electron microscope analysis of enamel microstructure. Four categories of enamel thickness are defined metrically here and have been related to enamel microstructure and developmental rates. Thin fast formed (pattern 3) enamel represents the ancestral condition in hominoids; it increased developmentally to thick pattern 3 enamel in the great ape and human clade and that condition is primitively retained in Homo and in the fossil hominoid Sivapithecus (including 'Ramapithecus'). Enamel thickness has been secondarily reduced in the African apes and also, although at a different rate and extent, in the orang-utan. Thick enamel, previously the most important characteristic in arguments about the earliest hominid, does not therefore identify a hominid. PMID- 3920526 TI - Homogeneous interferon-inducing 22K factor is related to endogenous pyrogen and interleukin-1. AB - In vitro stimulation of mononuclear cells from human peripheral blood with mitogens causes the release of factors (monokines and lymphokines) which possess distinct biological activities. One such factor, termed 22K, can induce production of human beta-interferon (HuIFN-beta) in cultured human fibroblasts, thereby rendering these cells resistant to virus infection. Here we report the complete purification and partial sequencing (39 N-terminal amino acids) of this factor, whose relative molecular mass was estimated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to be 17,000 (17K). In addition to an antiviral effect, the pure protein exhibits several other biological activities. Most significantly, intravenous (i.v.) injection of the factor in rabbits caused fever and granulopenia at doses of 0.1-1 microgram per kg, effects which we attribute to a monokine called endogenous pyrogen (EP). In vitro, the protein was scored as positive in a LAF (lymphocyte-activating factor) assay at 0.1-1 ng ml-1. LAF and EP are considered to be members of one family of monokines, called interleukin-1 (IL-1). For this reason, and also because the amino-acid sequence of the 22K factor is at least partially homologous to a complementary DNA-derived IL-1 sequence, we postulate that the 22K factor also belongs to the IL-1 family. PMID- 3920527 TI - The gene encoding the T-cell receptor alpha-chain maps close to the Np-2 locus on mouse chromosome 14. AB - Serological and molecular genetic analyses of T-cell clones have shown that the T cell antigen receptor apparently comprises two glycosylated, disulphide-linked polypeptide chains (alpha and beta), both of which span the cell membrane. Cloning of the genes encoding the two chains from mouse and human DNA has shown that the alpha- and beta-chains are composed of variable (V) and conserved (C) regions in agreement with peptide mapping data. Gene segments encoding variable and conserved domains of the beta-chain have been identified and undergo rearrangements during T-cell differentiation. The genes encoding the alpha-chain, so far described at the level of complementary DNA clones, also identify DNA rearrangements. Thus, the genes encoding the T-cell receptor show the same structure and dynamic behaviour as immunoglobulin genes, indicating that the two gene families belong to the same supergene family; this evolutionary relationship is supported by the fact that the genes encoding the beta-chain of the T-cell receptor are closely linked to immunoglobulin kappa light-chain genes on chromosome 6 in mouse. In man, however, the beta genes map to chromosome 7 (ref. 14) whereas the kappa-chain genes are located on chromosome 2, indicating that linkage between the two gene families is not needed for proper expression. Here we describe genomic clones encoding the constant portion of the T-cell receptor alpha-chain and map the gene to chromosome 14 in mouse, close to the gene for purine nucleoside phosphorylase (Np-2) which, in man, has been associated with T cell immunodeficiencies. PMID- 3920528 TI - High-affinity binding site for a specific nuclear protein in the human IgM gene. AB - Proteins binding to specific regions of DNA with high affinity frequently govern or regulate reactions at the gene level. We have identified a high-affinity binding site in the immunoglobulin mu gene that binds a specific nuclear protein, and have now characterized it fully using nuclear factor 1 (NF-1), a protein purified from the nuclei of HeLa cells and required for the in vitro replication of adenovirus (Ad) DNA. NF-1 protects a 25-base pair (bp) double-stranded segment of DNA which shares a consensus sequence, 5' TGGA/CNNNNNGCCAA 3', with similar binding sites in the Ad-5 terminal repeat and the human c-myc gene. Although this site differs from the enhancer region, a biological function is suggested by the fact that it is DNase I hypersensitive in immunoglobulin-producing lymphoblastoid cells. The binding site for the NF-1 protein in the mu gene, by analogy with the site in the Ad-5 terminal repeat, may represent one component of a cellular origin of replication; alternatively, it may be responsible for the activation of the chromatin in this region. PMID- 3920529 TI - Transmission and expression of a specific pair of rearranged immunoglobulin mu and kappa genes in a transgenic mouse line. AB - Two genes that code for a hapten-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) have been introduced into the mouse germ line. The transgenic antibody represents 10-50% of the serum IgM and is expressed on the membrane of B cells. B-cell hybridoma lines show that a negative feedback inhibition of mu and kappa transgenic products on the immunoglobulin heavy-chain rearrangement is possible. PMID- 3920530 TI - An N-terminal peptide from p60src can direct myristylation and plasma membrane localization when fused to heterologous proteins. AB - The src gene product, p60src, of Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) is a tyrosine-specific protein kinase which is associated with the plasma membrane of infected cells. Myristic acid is bound in an amide linkage to glycine 2 of p60src. Of the N terminal 30 kilodaltons of p60src, only amino acids 1-14 are required for myristylation, and myristylation of p60src may be required for its membrane association, and for cell transformation. To test the hypothesis that the first 14 amino acids of p60src contain a recognition sequence for myristylation, we have fused the DNA sequence coding for these amino acids to either the fps gene of the F36 derivative of Fujinami sarcoma virus (FSV), or to the chimpanzee alpha globin gene. We report here that although the fusion proteins were myristylated, the parental proteins were not, and unlike the non-myristylated F36 p91fps which was not bound to the plasma membrane, the myristylated fusion protein was bound, like p60src. We conclude that the first 14 amino acids of p60src contain a sequence which is sufficient for myristylation, and which may direct proteins to the plasma membrane. PMID- 3920532 TI - The synthesis and in vivo assembly of functional antibodies in yeast. AB - The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae can synthesize, process and secrete higher eukaryotic proteins. We have investigated the expression of immunoglobulin chains in yeast and demonstrate here the synthesis, processing and secretion of light and heavy chains, the glycosylation of heavy chain, the intracellular localization of these foreign proteins by immunofluorescence, and the detection of functional antibodies in cells co-expressing both chains. This may provide the basis of a microbial fermentation process for the production of monoclonal antibodies. The co-expression of light and heavy chains in Escherichia coli has been reported but functional antibodies were not assembled in vivo. Furthermore, only low-level assembly of these chains was found in vitro. PMID- 3920531 TI - Rearrangement of nitrogen fixation genes during heterocyst differentiation in the cyanobacterium Anabaena. AB - Nitrogen fixation by the cyanobacterium Anabaena is carried out in heterocysts, specialized, non-dividing cells which differentiate under conditions of ammonia or nitrate deprivation. In Anabaena, heterocyst differentiation is accompanied by rearrangement of some nitrogen fixation genes. A site-specific recombination between an 11 base-pair direct repeat sequence flanking the nifK and nifD genes removes 11 kilobases of intervening DNA, resulting in juxtaposition of the two genes and an alteration of the nifD protein-coding sequence. PMID- 3920533 TI - Construction of chimaeric processed immunoglobulin genes containing mouse variable and human constant region sequences. AB - The specificity of monoclonal antibodies provides a powerful diagnostic and therapeutic tool in investigating human neoplasia. Radiological scanning and immunotherapy with mouse tumour-specific monoclonal antibodies have been applied to patients with some success, but a major problem is the neutralization of the mouse antibody induced by repeated administration of heterologous antibodies. To avoid or reduce such immune reactions, chimaeric immunoglobulins consisting of mouse variable (V) and human constant (C) regions can be synthesized. We have constructed a recombinant retrovirus DNA carrying genomic heavy-chain (H) variable-diversity joining (VH-D-JH) and C gamma 1 genes from different species and show here that the chimaeric intervening sequences are spliced out precisely. This procedure provides a useful method to construct the chimaeric mouse-human immunoglobulin gene to be expressed in Escherichia coli, yeast and animal cells. Unexpectedly, a hidden splice donor site in the 5'-flanking region of a human VH gene is used in place of the donor site of the leader sequence exon, resulting in the formation of the V region without the leader sequence. PMID- 3920534 TI - Characterization of cDNA and genomic clones encoding the precursor to rat hypothalamic growth hormone-releasing factor. AB - Growth hormone-releasing factor (GHRF) is a hypothalamic peptide which positively regulates the synthesis and secretion of growth hormone in the anterior pituitary. The amino-acid sequence of a 43-residue GHRF peptide isolated from rat hypothalamus was recently determined. Immunocytochemical techniques have been used to localize GHRF-containing cell bodies and nerve fibres largely to the medial-basal region of the rat hypothalamus. The rat has also been used extensively as an animal model to study the effects of GHRF on growth hormone synthesis and secretion and on somatic growth. To pursue questions concerning the biosynthesis of GHRF, the expression of the ghrf gene, and its regulation in the hypothalamus by neural and hormonal influences, we have now isolated and characterized both complementary DNA and genomic clones encoding rat hypothalamic GHRF. The rat ghrf gene spans nearly 10 kilobases (kb) of rat genomic DNA, contains 5 exons and encodes a 104-amino-acid precursor to the rat GHRF peptide. Comparison with previously characterized human ghrf cDNA and genomic clones has allowed patterns of conservation of amino-acid and nucleotide sequences between the human and rat GHRFs to be determined. PMID- 3920535 TI - Successful therapy of postherpetic neuralgia of the trigeminal nerve. PMID- 3920536 TI - Crisis in long-term care: Part 2, policy options. PMID- 3920537 TI - Supply, demand, and rising health-care costs. PMID- 3920538 TI - Using benefit-cost and cost-effectiveness analyses in health-care resource allocation. PMID- 3920539 TI - Managing nursing resources in a constrained economic environment. PMID- 3920540 TI - [Recognition and treatment of typhoid fever]. PMID- 3920541 TI - A comparison of methods of monoclonal immunoglobulin quantitation. AB - Quantitation of monoclonal immunoglobulins was carried out using the following methods: densitometric scanning of electrophoretograms on cellulose acetate gel, single radial immunodiffusion, nephelometry and, in monoclonal IgM, also sedimentation analysis. To compare the methods, 20 sera with monoclonal IgG, 16 sera with monoclonal IgA and 19 sera with monoclonal IgM were used. The methods correlated well in monoclonal IgM and IgG while in IgA correlation was found only between densitometry and radial immunodiffusion. Closest correlation was observed between densitometry and sedimentation analysis in quantifying monoclonal IgM (r = 0.954). Despite good correlation, the individual values of monoclonal immunoglobulins established by different methods showed marked differences. In comparison with the immunochemical methods, the quantitation of monoclonal immunoglobulins using densitometric scanning of electrophoretograms is accessible, quick and relatively more precise method. PMID- 3920542 TI - [L-dopa therapy of parkinson syndrome]. PMID- 3920543 TI - Monoclonal antibodies and the immunodiagnosis of plasma-cellular malignancies. PMID- 3920544 TI - Osteosclerotic myeloma complicated by diffuse arteritis, vascular calcification and extensive cutaneous necrosis. AB - Widespread, progressive skin necrosis developed in a 42-year-old male with a 5 year history of osteosclerotic myeloma. Biopsy of the necrotic lesions demonstrated a leucocytoclastic vasculitis with extensive vascular calcification. Radiological investigations demonstrated widespread arterial calcification. Clinical improvement of the established skin lesions followed the institution of a forced calciuresis and parathyroid hormone suppression by induced hypermagnesaemia and phosphate depletion. No further cutaneous necrosis developed. Subsequent treatment with oral immunosuppressive therapy and the diphosphonate, EHDP, has been associated with a complete 18-month remission. The relationship of this apparently unique pathological process to the osteosclerotic myeloma is discussed, together with the rationale for the therapeutic regime instituted. PMID- 3920545 TI - Comparative effects of infusions of 6-hydroxydopamine into nucleus accumbens and anterolateral hypothalamus induced by 6-hydroxydopamine on the response to dopamine agonists, body weight, locomotor activity and measures of exploration in the rat. AB - Groups of rats received infusions of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) into the nucleus accumbens or anterolateral hypothalamus with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), or sham operations. Body weight was monitored for 28 days after the infusion, after which rats were first tested in an exploration choice-box and then underwent a series of pharmacological challenges. At this time after the operation, rats which had received 6-OHDA in the nucleus accumbens showed neither loss of body weight, deficit in exploration, nor hypokinesia, but sustained an 80% reduction in dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens. Locomotion was decreased in response to 1.5 mg/kg (i.p.) of d-amphetamine but increased following 0.1 mg/kg (s.c.) of apomorphine; stereotyped responses to larger doses were unaltered. By contrast, rats which had received 6-OHDA in the anterolateral hypothalamus lesions lost substantial amounts of body weight and were hypoactive. Although both locomotor and stereotypy responses to d-amphetamine were abolished, these responses were enhanced in response to apomorphine. Consistent with this, regional assay using high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) showed profound loss of dopamine in the caudate-putamen as well as in the nucleus accumbens and frontal cortex. It seems unlikely that the reductions in exploration previously reported after lesions of the mesolimbicocortical dopamine system at the level of anterolateral hypothalamus induced by 6-OHDA are either behaviourally specific or result solely from depletion of dopamine with the nucleus accumbens and frontal cortex. PMID- 3920546 TI - A benzodiazepine agonist and contragonist have hypothermic effects in rodents. AB - The effects on body temperature of the benzodiazepine contragonists FG 7142 (N methyl-beta-carboline-3-carboxamide) and DMCM (methyl-6,7-dimethoxy-4-ethyl-beta carboline-3-carboxylate), the benzodiazepine antagonist Ro 15-1788 (ethyl-8 fluoro-5,6-dihydro-5-methyl-7-oxo-4H-imidazo-(1,5-a)(1,4)benzod iazepin e -3 carboxylate) and the benzodiazepine agonist, flurazepam, were investigated in mice. Both of the contragonists and flurazepam reduced the body temperature. The antagonist Ro 15-1788 did not alter body temperature alone but significantly antagonised the effects of FG 7142 and of flurazepam. The effects of the latter two drugs on locomotor activity in animals in a familiar environment were also investigated. Flurazepam reduced the activity counts in these circumstances but FG 7142 did not cause a significant change, at doses which considerably reduced body temperature. The drug FG 7142 also reduced the body temperature in rats. The effects on body temperature of the benzodiazepine contragonists and flurazepam were unusual in that they were changes in the same direction, both antagonised by Ro 15-1788. However, they differed in that while the effects of flurazepam on locomotor activity might contribute to its hypothermic effect this did not appear to be the case for FG 7142. PMID- 3920547 TI - Effect of experimental common carotid arteriotomy on cerebral blood flow in rats. AB - Cerebral blood flow (CBF) and its reactivity to alterations in arterial carbon dioxide tension were measured in 52 rats. Measurements were made in four groups of rats: 15 were controls, 14 had one carotid artery clamped, 11 had microvascular common carotid arteriotomies, and 12 had sham arteriotomies. Before carotid operation, a flow change of 1 ml/100 g of brain per minute per torr change in CO2 tension was demonstrated in the rats, a value for reactivity similar to that found in normal humans. After unilateral common carotid ligation, CBF was not significantly disturbed in either hemisphere, and reactivity was preserved. In rats subjected to arteriotomy, CBF fell by 30% from the control level in both hemispheres, and carbon dioxide reactivity was reduced by 80%. Very similar reductions in flow (38%) and reactivity (76%) were produced after sham arteriotomy, in which the common carotid artery was isolated between temporary clamps for 30 minutes, but the arteriotomy incision was not made. The observed flow reduction and carbon dioxide reactivity impairment must result from the reperfusion of the brain through the traumatized carotid artery, inasmuch as no impairment of either flow or reactivity followed extravascular dissection and permanent ligation of the vessel. These changes may be mediated by damage to the sympathetic plexus or the innervation of the carotid body chemoreceptors or by the release of histamine, prostaglandins, or other vasoactive substances from the incised vessel wall. If this finding is applicable to humans, it suggests that the entire cerebral circulation in patients with respiratory impairment may be precarious for some hours after a carotid endarterectomy and confirms the danger of hypercapnia during anesthesia for carotid surgery. PMID- 3920548 TI - Time-dependent interaction between phenytoin and valproic acid. AB - The diurnal variation in total and free plasma phenytoin (PHT) concentration at steady state was examined in eight epileptic patients receiving combination therapy with tid valproic acid (VPA) as sodium salt. Eight patients treated with PHT, but not with VPA, were studied for comparison purposes. In the absence of VPA coadministration, total and free PHT concentrations did not change significantly during the day and showed only minor intrapatient fluctuations (14 and 13%, respectively). In patients receiving VPA, the mean total PHT did not change significantly, whereas the free PHT increased during the day (p less than 0.05). The fluctuations in total and free PHT in these patients were 16 and 17% on average. In the presence of VPA, the free PHT fraction was higher than in controls (13.9 +/- 2.3% versus 8.3 +/- 1.9%; p less than 0.01) and fluctuated to a greater extent (29 versus 14% in controls; p less than 0.01), mainly as a result of combined opposite swings in both total and free concentration. The diurnal changes in free PHT concentration and fraction correlated positively with the changes in plasma VPA. An inverse relationship between total PHT concentration and plasma VPA was found in some patients. These data demonstrate that the displacement interaction between PHT and VPA is subject to diurnal variation, probably as a result of the fluctuation in plasma VPA. The implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 3920549 TI - Amantadine in the treatment of refractory epilepsy in childhood: an open trial in 10 patients. AB - Amantadine HCl was given to 10 children with medically refractory seizures; other anticonvulsant medications were continued unchanged through the 12- to 16-week trial. Several patients noted improvement in control of myoclonic or atypical absence seizures. Tonic seizures were controlled in one patient, but worsened in another. Tonic-clonic and atonic seizures remained unchanged or worsened. Amantadine may be useful as an adjunctive anticonvulsant in some children with refractory atypical absence or myoclonic seizures. PMID- 3920550 TI - An historical look at the development of nursing in the Veterans Administration Nursing Service. PMID- 3920551 TI - Faculty satisfaction, activity, and demographics: a comparison of family practice and orthopaedic surgery faculty. PMID- 3920552 TI - House dust mite allergies in military personnel. PMID- 3920553 TI - Potential exposure of Utah Army National Guard personnel to giardiasis during field training exercises: a preliminary survey. PMID- 3920554 TI - Acute epididymitis: experience with 123 cases. PMID- 3920555 TI - The influence of airway pressure on lung injury resulting from airblast. PMID- 3920556 TI - Calcified retropharyngeal hematoma: CT findings. Case report. PMID- 3920557 TI - Isolated Graves' ophthalmopathy: case report. PMID- 3920558 TI - Initial therapy of enterococcal endophthalmitis and bacterial eye infections: case report. PMID- 3920559 TI - Optic neuritis in a patient on ethambutol and isoniazid evaluated by visual evoked potentials: case report. PMID- 3920561 TI - The effect of isopropyl alcohol and triple dye on umbilical cord separation time. PMID- 3920560 TI - Problems with the trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole regimen for oropharyngeal gonorrhea. PMID- 3920562 TI - Case for diagnosis. Fibroxanthoma. PMID- 3920563 TI - The etiologies of Vietnam post-traumatic stress syndrome. PMID- 3920565 TI - Medical readiness. PMID- 3920564 TI - Effects of virus infection on physical performance in man. PMID- 3920566 TI - An administrative index for mental health professionals. PMID- 3920567 TI - Family Medicine Faculty Development Research Fellowship in the United States Army: a new career pathway. PMID- 3920568 TI - Thorotrastomas. PMID- 3920569 TI - Excretory urography: an overused procedure in traumatic hematuria. PMID- 3920570 TI - The assessment of improved physiologic function with a short term exercise program in mildly to moderately obese people. PMID- 3920571 TI - Excessive daytime somnolence. A series of 100 patients. PMID- 3920572 TI - Painful mass of the phalanx following trauma. PMID- 3920573 TI - Colonoscopic removal of large bowel foreign bodies: an alternative to laparotomy. PMID- 3920574 TI - Polypoid squamous carcinoma of the esophagus. PMID- 3920575 TI - Meige's disease and a positive treatment response with deanol. PMID- 3920576 TI - Pseudomembranous colitis following treatment of chronic prostatitis. PMID- 3920577 TI - Providers reaction to dental patient's pain. PMID- 3920578 TI - Case for diagnosis: neurotropic melanoma of the neck. PMID- 3920579 TI - Cost-effectiveness of standardized heparin and aminophylline solutions. PMID- 3920580 TI - A pre-positron emission tomography study of L-3,4-dihydroxy-[3H]phenylalanine distribution in the rat. AB - The distribution of L-3,4-dihydroxy-[3H]phenylalanine (L-[3H]DOPA) was examined in rats following i.v. injection, to ascertain the possible usefulness of using this ligand to image dopaminergic systems using positron emission tomography. It was found that L-DOPA and its metabolites were preferentially localized in the basal ganglia as compared to other brain regions, and that this preferential localization could be abolished by lesioning of the nigro-striatal tract. The parameters of the L-DOPA uptake and the sensitivity of this uptake to alterations in dopaminergic pathways indicate that this ligand may be useful in visualizing aberrations in dopaminergic pathways in various pathological conditions. PMID- 3920581 TI - Developmental changes of thyroliberin (TRH) in the rat brain. AB - Levels of thyroliberin (TRH) were measured by radioimmunoassay in the hypothalamus and in the extrahypothalamic brain tissue of rats from fetal day 12 up to day 47 of postnatal life. TRH was detectable as early as on day 12 of intrauterine life in both the hypothalamic primordia and the extrahypothalamic brain tissue. The increase of hypothalamic TRH content was marked between fetal days 12 and 15, then up to the end of gestation it exhibited a slower tendency of increase. From fetal day 15 up to postnatal day 2 the TRH content of the hypothalamus was always higher than that of the extrahypothalamic brain. Both hypothalamic and extrahypothalamic TRH content increased up to day 35 of postnatal life. PMID- 3920583 TI - Development of essential fatty acid deficiency in the premature infant given fat free TPN. PMID- 3920582 TI - Nutrient deficiencies during total parenteral nutrition. PMID- 3920585 TI - Supplementation of total parenteral nutrition solutions with ferrous citrate. PMID- 3920584 TI - Fuel mixtures for critically ill patients given total parenteral nutrition. PMID- 3920586 TI - An unusual presentation of human carnitine deficiency. PMID- 3920587 TI - Nutrition classics. Nutritio et Dieta, Volume 8, 1966: Experimental and clinical studies with fat emulsion for intravenous nutrition. By D. Hallberg, O. Schuberth and A. Wretlind. PMID- 3920588 TI - [The costs of disease]. PMID- 3920589 TI - Extensive pulmonary embolism associated with lupus anticoagulant. AB - A female patient with extensive pulmonary emboli associated the lupus anticoagulant is described. She made a good recovery with heparin treatment. PMID- 3920590 TI - Bi-malleolar fracture of right ankle. Case study. PMID- 3920591 TI - Premenstrual tension syndrome. PMID- 3920592 TI - Pathology of the oviducts and embryonal remnants. PMID- 3920593 TI - In vitro fertilization. PMID- 3920594 TI - Conception rate after gonadotropin therapy in hyperprolactinemia and normoprolactinemia. AB - The cumulative pregnancy rate after gonadotropin treatment was evaluated in 63 hyperprolactinemic and 242 normoprolactinemic women. All pregnancies in the hyperprolactinemic patients were achieved within four treatment cycles; the cumulative pregnancy was 62% as compared with 29% in normoprolactinemics. The same results were obtained when patients were divided according to endogenous estrogenic activity. These results imply that in bromocriptine failures there is no need to lower prolactin levels to achieve pregnancy with gonadotropins. PMID- 3920595 TI - The unreliability of amniotic fluid bilirubin measurements in isoimmunized pregnancies in sickle cell disease patients. AB - Amniotic fluid spectrophotometric analysis for bilirubin (delta optical density [delta OD450], at 450 nm) is used to assess the severity of fetal involvement in isoimmunized pregnancies. Two patients presented with sickle cell anemia and hyperbilirubinemia who also were isoimmunized. The first patient had anti-kell and anti-e antibodies, whereas the second patient had anti-Lewisa and anti Coltonb antibodies. Delta OD450 was elevated in both patients. The difficulty in interpretation of high delta OD450 in the presence of maternal hyperbilirubinemia is stressed. Sickle cell diseased patients are particularly prone to present with this problem. These patients always have hyperbilirubinemia and a relatively high incidence of irregular antibodies because of the numerous blood transfusions they receive. The management of these two patients is presented with suggestions for the use of alternative modalities of monitoring isoimmunized pregnancies in patients with hyperbilirubinemia. PMID- 3920596 TI - A case of postpartum hemolytic uremic syndrome with severe elevations of liver enzymes. AB - An unusual case of multifocused postpartum thrombotic microangiopathy was encountered in a woman with pregnancy-induced hypertension, which presented clinical features different from those generally seen in postpartum hemolytic uremic syndrome or thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. These changes included acute disseminated intravascular coagulation, severe elevations of liver enzymes, severe renal dysfunction, and hemolytic anemia. The patient was treated successfully with heparin, gabexate mesilate, furosemide, fresh whole blood, and large doses of corticosteroid with antibiotics, and she recovered completely without sequelae. The hypothetical pathogenesis of the complex symptoms of this catastrophic clinical condition is proposed. PMID- 3920597 TI - Changes of some biochemical parameters of the lens in galactose-treated weaned rats with and without vitamin E therapy. AB - We tried to counteract the appearance of galactosemic cataracts in weaned rats by high doses of vitamin E. Rats were fed a diet containing 33% galactose. Cataract development was monitored by biomicroscopy and by several biochemical parameters: K+/Na+ ratio, aldose reductase activity, level of protein and non-protein sulfhydryl (SH) groups. Vitamin E was given parenterally at a dose of 100 mg/kg/day. The K+/Na+ ratio drops after 15 days of galactosemia, while the level of the aldose reductase rises after only 5 days of treatment. The non-protein SH groups lens contents fall from the 5th day of treatment onwards, while protein SH groups are not affected. In short-term experiments vitamin E does not prevent biochemical changes caused by galactosemia. The oxidative insult does not seem to be primarily involved in galactose cataract. PMID- 3920598 TI - Comparison of aldose reductase inhibitors by determination of IC50 with bovine and rat lens extracts. AB - The inhibition constants of several aldose reductase inhibitors were determined using water-soluble extracts of bovine and rat lenses. The most potent inhibitor was the Alcon compound AL-1576; the inhibitory effects of AL-1567 and Sorbinil were about equal, but both were less effective than AL-1576, and the least effective inhibitor was the calcium antagonist verapamil. There was no general difference between inhibition constants for the inhibitors in question between bovine or rat extracts. Age of bovine lenses has no effect on the IC50 of the investigated aldose reductase inhibitor compounds. PMID- 3920599 TI - The inhibition of bovine lens aldose reductase by Clinoril, its absorption into the human red cell and its effect on human red cell aldose reductase activity. AB - The protein aldose reductase has been implicated in cataract in diabetes and galactosaemia. Recently it has been suggested that a number of non-steroidal anti inflammatory agents have inhibitory activity against aldose reductase activity, and therefore might be used to prevent diabetic complications including cataract. Steady state kinetic experiments show that Clinoril (Sulindac sulphoxide) acts as a non-competitive inhibitor of NADPH oxidation with purified bovine lens aldose reductase, with an action that may involve binding to more than one site on the protein. As a preliminary to studying the effect on human lens and cataract, a double-masked, placebo-controlled study using random allocation into parallel groups was conducted on 20 volunteers to determine the penetration of Clinoril (Sulindac) and its metabolites into normal human red cells, and the effect of the drug on red cell NADPH-oxidising activity. It was found that while Clinoril, the sulphoxide form of the drug, and its metabolites the sulphone and the sulphide could be detected in the appropriate plasma samples (up to 36 micrograms of the sulphone/ml of plasma), very little could be detected in the red cells. There was no significant effect on red cell NADPH-oxidising activity. PMID- 3920600 TI - Quality assurance and cost containment in teaching hospitals: implications for a period of economic restraint. PMID- 3920602 TI - A quality assurance study of height and weight measurements. AB - The QA representatives of the nursing and dietetics departments were able to work together toward resolving a shared QA concern. The problems associated with height and weight measurement were studied comprehensively. On the basis of the initial study results, recommendations were made that served to heighten the awareness in two departments of the many issues surrounding height and weight measurement. The restudy proved that those recommendations were effective in maintaining the current level of compliance, with moderate improvement. PMID- 3920601 TI - The ICD-9-CM DRGs: increased homogeneity through use of AS-SCORE. AB - AS-SCORE, applied to DRGs, has the potential for providing a system of case-mix measurement that will be more meaningful to physicians, nurses, and hospital administrators as they attempt to predict their patients' use of hospital resources. Urban hospitals and teaching hospitals may find such a system crucial to adequate reimbursement for the more severely ill patients they treat. The system is easily taught and gives reliable scores. The system is clinically coherent because it takes into account all of a patient's conditions and complications. When combined with a cost accounting system for nursing services, the system is sensitive to patients' nursing care requirements. Further studies should be conducted to determine the applicability of AS-SCORE to other nonhomogeneous medical and surgical groupings of the I-9 DRG system. Not all DRGs may need to be subcategorized by a severity-of-illness measure; some DRGs, for example, contain patients who are very similar, such as those who undergo tonsillectomy or normal vaginal delivery. Thus, if subcategorization by severity is not needed for all DRGs, it may be possible to use the AS-SCORE measure and, at the same time, to keep the number of groups small enough to be manageable. These studies should also be conducted in hospitals in other parts of the country to determine the replicability of the findings despite regional variations in facilities and practice methods. PMID- 3920603 TI - Linking standards of care with nursing quality assurance--the SCORE method. AB - The SCORE method at Braddock General Hospital was designed as a mechanism for ongoing review and evaluation of nursing care as well as a means of facilitating patient care planning and documentation. Staff nurse input in both the development and the ongoing review and evaluation of each standard has provided the system with increased credibility and accountability among the staff nurses. The close link between NSCC and NQAC has provided the nursing department with a mechanism for monitoring the quality and appropriateness of care provided. The standards of care are continuously reviewed, monitored, and evaluated by NQAC. Based on the results of quarterly reports to the nursing administration, NSCC, and the Hospital Departmental QA Committee, revisions to the standards may be made to reflect current nursing practice. Changes in nursing practice may be mandated, or further evaluation of identified problems may be carried out by NQAC. Thus, the SCORE method has provided a comprehensive, ongoing, monitoring mechanism for nursing care as well as a tool through which changes and improvements in nursing care can be made. PMID- 3920605 TI - Nasal dermoid with intracranial involvement. AB - Nasal dermoids are unusual lesions resulting from embryopathology. They are diagnosed easily by physical examination. Treatment is complete surgical excision, aided by microsurgical techniques. Involvement of the skullbase is common with "deep-seated" ND, and intracranial involvement is not uncommon. The high-resolution CT scanner is believed to be valuable in diagnosing deep involvement, including intracranial extension. The finding of a bifid crista galli is suggestive of intracranial involvement. Neurosurgical consultation is mandatory for all cases of ND when deep extension is suspected. PMID- 3920604 TI - [Monoclonal antibodies in clinical immunology]. PMID- 3920606 TI - Delayed cricoid reconstruction by use of a free graft of autogenous "patient banked" cartilage. AB - Avulsed cartilage may be "banked" or preserved by subcutaneous implantation in the traumatized patient for delayed reconstruction of the defect when immediate reconstruction is contraindicated. The perichondrium of the avulsed cartilage should be preserved if possible. In the reconstructive procedure the cartilage graft must be surrounded by vascularized flaps developed from adjacent neck tissue. These vascularized flaps increase the local vascular supply for revascularization of the free graft. In addition, they allow complete separation of the free graft from the airway to minimize the possibility of secondary infection arising from the airway. Mucosal coverage of the defect does not appear to be necessary as long as well-vascularized soft tissue is available for complete coverage of the defect. The use of this technique may be considered for patients with avulsion of portions of the laryngeal cartilages when immediate reconstruction is contraindicated or when the viability of adjacent soft tissue necessary for reconstruction is uncertain. The success of this procedure may be related to the adequacy of the closure or separation of the airway from the free cartilage graft, and the ability to provide coverage of the graft with vascular tissue to allow graft revascularization. This new technique follows the traditional principles vital for successful management of laryngotracheal injuries. This procedure provides an additional method of therapy for those patients with an avulsion injury of the laryngeal cartilage. Additional surgical procedures must be performed utilizing the indications and principles presented here before this method is universally accepted for the management of severe laryngotracheal injury. PMID- 3920607 TI - Benign symmetrical lipomatosis (Madelung's disease). PMID- 3920608 TI - Giant keratoacanthoma of the nose. PMID- 3920609 TI - Pilar tumor of the scalp. AB - An elderly woman presented with a large, fungating mass over the occipital portion of the scalp. Biopsy revealed this to be a pilar tumor of the scalp. The tumor was excised with a margin of normal tissue and the defect was closed with advancement of scalp and neck skin. Follow-up at 6 months revealed no recurrence of the lesion. PMID- 3920610 TI - Neurilemmoma of the chorda tympani nerve. PMID- 3920611 TI - Restoration of speech discrimination following suboccipital, transmeatal excision of extracanalicular acoustic neuroma. PMID- 3920612 TI - Ketoconazole and the antifungals. AB - A new antifungal agent, ketoconazole, has been added to the drugs available for the treatment of fungal infections. Ketoconazole has been shown to be effective in the treatment of mucocutaneous candidiasis with a reported 97% positive response rate. This drug may be administered orally to outpatients with a low risk of toxicity. Hepatitis has been reported as a possible complication of treatment. Infection relapse is the most significant posttherapeutic problem. Five patients suffering from mucocutaneous candidiasis after irradiation therapy are reported to have had favorable responses. The other available antifungal agents are reviewed and discussed. PMID- 3920613 TI - A microbipolar cautery for use in the middle ear. AB - This delicate microscopic bipolar forceps allows very precise cautery without significant current flow to adjacent tissue. Wet-field cautery is possible; it prevents overheating of adjacent tissue. This forceps is relatively inexpensive and utilizes a standard bipolar cautery unit and cord. PMID- 3920614 TI - Cromolyn nasal aerosol. PMID- 3920616 TI - Endoscopic instrument holder. PMID- 3920615 TI - Sinus ultrasound scanning. PMID- 3920617 TI - C-wire hand drill for small-hole stapedectomy. AB - With the four-sided point of the C-wire hand drill there is less risk of footplate mobilization during small fenestra stapedectomy. The small fenestra stapedectomy is thought to cause less trauma to the vestibule and to pose less risk of aspirating vestibular contents than the stapedectomy that totally removes the footplate. PMID- 3920618 TI - Mucociliary transport of human ear secretions in otitis media with effusion. AB - Rheologically active mucus glycoproteins (mucins) were isolated from the middle ear effusions of 282 patients (344 ears) presenting with secretory otitis media (SOM). The mucins were pooled according to the pathologic condition associated with the SOM. Pools were reconstituted to the same conditions and tested for ciliary transport rates with the use of the frog palate transport model. Mucin obtained from cleft palate patients showed significant differences in transport behavior in comparison with mucins from other groups of patients with SOM. PMID- 3920619 TI - Is the endolymphatic sac always accessible? AB - All surgical manipulations of the endolymphatic sac have a common requirement: to identify the intradural part. We studied the position of the intradural endolymphatic sac in relation to the posterior semicircular canal, the sigmoid sinus, the retrofacial air cell tract, and the jugular bulb in 50 temporal bones. The intradural sac was identifiable in 48 cases; in two the sac either was absent or would not have been identifiable surgically without jeopardizing other important structures, particularly the posterior semicircular canal. PMID- 3920620 TI - Remote monitoring of evoked potentials. AB - The clinical value of evoked potential testing is now well established. The general availability of this form of testing is currently limited by cost of the equipment and availability of personnel not only to operate it but also to interpret the results. These limiting factors can be reduced by remote monitoring, a technique that utilizes a data program designed to transmit processed responses via standard telephone lines to a central location. The practicality of this method of testing and the considerations that should be given with regard to development of such a program are discussed. PMID- 3920621 TI - Bone erosion in experimental cholesteatoma--the effects of implanted barriers. AB - Mongolian gerbils and man are the only animals known to spontaneously develop bone-eroding aural cholesteatoma. The pathophysiology of bone erosion in cholesteatoma is controversial. The majority of investigators believe that direct contact between cholesteatoma and bone is necessary for erosion to occur. We implanted glass, Silastic, and micropore barriers in the middle ear between the advancing cholesteatoma and cochlea in 50 Mongolian gerbils. The barriers prevented direct contact of cholesteatoma and cochlea but did not inhibit bone erosion. We conclude that transmitted pressure may be responsible for bone erosion in aural cholesteatoma in gerbils. PMID- 3920622 TI - Effects of spectrum, background noise, and stimulation rate on the auditory startle reflex in hyperbilirubinemic rats. AB - The sensory element of the acoustic startle reflex was studied in neonatal rats. Stimulus frequency, background noise, and stimulus presentation rate all affected the reflex. The performance of jaundiced rats with central auditory pathology is initially poorer than that of nonjaundiced rats but rapidly improves to the level of the controls, suggesting that the jaundiced rats may be a model for central auditory disturbances in humans. Startle reflex measurements give no indication that jaundiced rats surviving the testing period had neural hearing loss. PMID- 3920623 TI - Median horizontal split tip. AB - One of the most difficult problems encountered in rhinoplasty is lack of nasal tip projection. An innovative technique is described that utilizes the removal of a median horizontal strip of lower lateral cartilage to enhance projection, while maintaining a natural highlight and tip support without the use of grafts. The indications are limited to noses that have a widened dome requiring removal of a central strip, and tip rotation. Alternate techniques are discussed; cases and results are discussed. PMID- 3920624 TI - Immunohistopathologic analysis of olfactory degeneration caused by ischemia. AB - The development of olfactory dysfunction caused by ischemia was studied in Mongolian gerbils. Mongolian gerbils frequently have an anomaly of the cerebral circulation and are susceptible to brain ischemia or infarction following ligation of a single common carotid artery. Ischemia was induced by unilateral common carotid artery ligation or temporary occlusion of both common carotid arteries, and the olfactory pathway was examined. In the olfactory pathway of the forebrain, ischemic changes were observed in the lateral olfactory tract, olfactory tubercle, olfactory ventricle, and anterior olfactory nucleus. The olfactory bulb was resistant to ischemia. Partial or complete degeneration of the ipsilateral olfactory neuroepithelium was observed in some gerbils that survived more than 14 days after the onset of ischemia. Immunohistopathologic analysis of the neuroepithelium for the olfactory marker protein revealed that functional damage of the olfactory neurons occurred in some gerbils within the first few days after the ischemic event. PMID- 3920625 TI - Hurthle cell tumors of the thyroid gland. AB - The head and neck surgeon will occasionally encounter a Hurthle cell tumor in the course of a thyroidectomy. Although well recognized, this cell type is only superficially dealt with in the literature. All cases of Hurthle cell tumors of the thyroid gland seen at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania from 1974 to 1982 were reviewed and analyzed with regard to the patient's age, sex, mode of presentation, treatment, and clinical course. The gross and microscopic findings of this histologic variant are described. Treatment recommendations are made based on the data presented and the literature review. PMID- 3920626 TI - Cervical lymphangioma in the adult. AB - Cervical lymphangioma is rare among adults. Thirty-two patients with cervical lymphangioma were treated at the Mayo Clinic between 1950 and 1982. The records of these patients were reviewed to investigate the clinical and pathologic behavior of this lesion in persons more than 16 years of age. The lesions were seen in all decades of adult life and equally in men and women. Most lesions presented as a rapidly enlarging, asymptomatic mass. The anterior triangle of the neck was involved nearly as often as the posterior triangle, and right-sided locations predominated (72%). Histopathologic differentiation of the lesions into simplex, cavernous, and cystic lymphangiomas was not helpful in predicting clinical behavior. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice. The lesions may intimately involve the carotid sheath or adjacent nerves. Recurrence in 21% of the 28 patients on whom follow-up data were available mostly represented incomplete excision. Lymphangioma should be included in the differential diagnosis of a large asymptomatic neck mass of recent origin in the adult. PMID- 3920628 TI - A prospective study of endotracheal tube cytology in head and neck cancer patients. AB - A prospective study was undertaken to determine the incidence of endotracheal tube contamination by malignant cells in patients with head and neck cancer undergoing bronchoscopy. In 67 consecutive patients, bronchoscopy was performed with a flexible instrument, through or beside the endotracheal tube. Following the procedure, the inside and outside of the tube were washed and the specimens examined cytologically. Fifteen positive (class III to V) cytologic specimens were obtained, all from the outside of the tube. All washings from inside the tube were negative (class I and II). Twelve of the positive cytologic specimens were found in patients with hypopharyngeal and laryngeal carcinoma, two with carcinoma in the tongue base, and the other primary site was unknown. Two patients with normal chest roentgenograms had positive bronchial and endotracheal tube washings. In both the bronchoscope was passed beside the endotracheal tube. This study provides additional evidence that contamination of the bronchoscope can occur when it is passed directly over a carcinoma of the head and neck. PMID- 3920627 TI - Nutritional status--a prognostic indicator in head and neck cancer. AB - A prospective study into the nutritional status of 114 patients with untreated primary squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck was undertaken to assess its possible prognostic value for survival. Nutritional status was evaluated by anthropometry, creatinine height index estimation, serum albumin and transferrin assays, and nitrogen balance studies. Weight change and other anthropometric indices found to be the most reliable nutritional parameters were averaged to derive a clinically useful, general nutritional status score. A nutritional deficit was found in 43 of the 114 patients (37.7%) and was associated with neoplasms of the upper gastrointestinal tract in more than 80% of the patients. Life table analysis showed a statistically very highly significant difference between the survival of the adequately nourished patients (57.5% at 2 years) and the survival of the undernourished patients (7.5% at 2 years) (chi 2 = 36.08; P = .0). These results indicate that nutritional deficiency is an important adverse prognostic factor in head and neck cancer. Undernutrition probably exerts its effect, at least in part, by causing secondary immunologic dysfunction. PMID- 3920629 TI - Metastatic basal cell carcinoma of the head and neck. AB - Five new cases of metastatic basal cell carcinoma are presented to highlight the potential of this tumor to develop malignant metastases. Histologic criteria of the primary and metastatic site are presented along with a review of the pertinent world literature. PMID- 3920630 TI - Graves' disease associated with histologic Hashimoto's thyroiditis. AB - The microscopic slides of 16 patients who underwent bilateral subtotal thyroidectomy for hyperthyroid Graves' disease were reviewed and classified into three groups: I, Hashimoto's thyroiditis; II, Graves' disease; and III, both Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves' disease. Three patients were classified as group I, 10 as group II, and three as group III. In 38% of the patients with clinical Graves' disease the histologic evidence of Hashimoto's thyroiditis could be found either alone or in combination with histologic evidence of Graves' disease (groups I and III). One patient in group I, four in group II, and three in group III had infiltrative ophthalmopathy (50% of total). Hyperthyroid Graves' disease, Graves' ophthalmopathy, and Hashimoto's thyroiditis can occur all together, in duads, or individually at a specific time in a patient's life. PMID- 3920631 TI - Heterotopic gastric mucosa of the tongue. PMID- 3920632 TI - Congenital syngnathia or fusion of the gums and jaws. PMID- 3920633 TI - Congenital calcification of the larynx and trachea. AB - The fifth case of diffuse laryngeal and tracheal cartilage calcification in infancy is reported. The previously reported cases are briefly described. Differential diagnosis and potential etiologies are discussed. It is thought that these patients represent a rare but distinct clinical entity. PMID- 3920634 TI - Novel anti-malarial hydroxynaphthoquinones with potent broad spectrum anti protozoal activity. AB - Novel hydroxynaphthoquinones are reported with outstanding efficacy against Plasmodium, Eimeria and Theileria species. Biochemical evidence is presented for the selective toxicity of these compounds being due to inhibition of parasite respiratory systems. PMID- 3920635 TI - Gastrostomy tubes: practical guidelines for home care. PMID- 3920636 TI - Urinary sediment dolichol excretion in patients with Batten disease and other neurodegenerative and storage disorders. AB - Nonesterified dolichols have been measured in the urinary sediment of 20 patients with the late infantile and juvenile forms of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (Batten disease), in 15 patients with other storage and neurodegenerative disorders and in 10 control subjects. Dolichols were measured by a high performance liquid chromatographic method and were related to urinary creatinine concentration. The levels of dolichols in Batten disease were not significantly elevated when compared to the normal subjects or to patients with other neurodegenerative disorders. The highest levels seen were in two patients with mucopolysaccharidosis types II and IV, respectively. Measurement of dolichols in urinary sediment is of little value in the diagnosis of Batten disease or in furthering our understanding of the underlying primary defect. PMID- 3920637 TI - Single versus repetitive doses of natural surfactant as treatment of respiratory distress syndrome in premature lambs. AB - After delivery by caesarean section at 117-120 and 125-130 days gestational age, 20 lambs were supported with infant ventilators at an FiO2 of 1.0. Throughout the experimental period the respiratory settings were held constant. All lambs were treated by tracheal instillation of 50 mg natural sheep surfactant lipid/kg body weight at 1 h of age, after respiratory failure had been documented. All lambs responded with a decrease in PaCO2 and increases in PaO2 and pH, but these responses were of greater magnitude with advancing gestational age. Without waiting for respiratory failure to reappear, repetitive doses of natural surfactant were administered and the effects studied. Retreatment by instillation of 12.5 mg surfactant/kg at 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 h of age was ineffective at 117-120 days gestational age, but sustained the initial response to the bolus of 50 mg surfactant/kg at 125-130 days gestational age. This indicates that retreatment with natural surfactant should be started before the reappearance of respiratory failure in order to be effective, and that the response to retreatment with small, repetitive doses of surfactant is dependent on gestational age. PMID- 3920638 TI - Correctable plasma lipoprotein abnormalities in infants with choledochal cysts. AB - Plasma lipoproteins from two female patients--patient A, 4 wk and patient B, 19 months--were examined prior to and at 1 and 5 wk after surgical correction of biliary obstruction due to choledochal cyst. The findings were correlated with standard indices of hepatic function, namely SGPT, GGTP, 5'nucleotidase, serum bile salts, and total and conjugated bilirubin. Prior to surgery in both patients plasma cholesterol, phospholipid, and triglyceride were elevated; cholesterol esters were low; high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and apolipoprotein A I, the major protein constituent of HDL, were subnormal; most of the plasma lipids were contained in the low-density lipoprotein density region; lipoprotein X was present. Patient B had had a relatively brief obstruction and suffered little secondary hepatic injury. One week after surgery, plasma lipid concentrations returned to normal; apolipoprotein A-I increased in the HDL density region and a concomitant rise in cholesterol esters to near normal, 65%, was observed; plasma lipids were contained predominantly in HDL; hepatic function improved markedly. Patient A had had intrauterine obstruction and suffered major hepatic injury with cirrhosis. One week after surgery, plasma lipid concentrations, cholesterol esters, low-density lipoprotein lipid predominance, and hepatic function remained essentially unchanged. Five weeks after surgery, the lipoprotein levels and composition and hepatic function were near normal. In conclusion, children with biliary obstruction have lipoprotein abnormalities similar to those seen in adult patients. These alterations are rapidly reversible with surgical relief and may be used as prognostic indicators of outcome. PMID- 3920640 TI - Neonatal intensive care: cost-benefit analysis. PMID- 3920639 TI - Postheparin plasma lipases and carnitine in infants during parenteral nutrition. AB - Lipoprotein lipase is the rate-limiting factor for hydrolyzing triglycerides to glycerol and fatty acids. Carnitine is a cofactor in the transport of long-chain fatty acids through the mitochondrial membrane for oxidation. To assess these determinants of fat utilization during total parenteral nutrition, lipoprotein and hepatic lipase activities and carnitine concentrations of nine newborn infants, operated on because of gastrointestinal anomalies during the first day of life, were measured with specific methods. Total parenteral nutrition was built up in 3 days whereafter the infants received 3 g/kg of fat at a constant rate of infusion for 24 h/day. Lipoprotein lipase activity of post-heparin plasma increased from 14 to 35 mumol free fatty acids/ml/h during parenteral nutrition whereas hepatic lipase activity remained unchanged at 40 mumol free fatty acids/ml/h. Serum free carnitine and acylcarnitine levels decreased significantly during parenteral nutrition; urinary excretion of carnitine decreased also. In addition, serum cholesterol and phospholipids increased markedly during parenteral nutrition whereas serum triglycerides, free fatty acids, and blood beta-hydroxybutyrate remained unchanged. Serum apolipoprotein A-I concentrations were unaltered, apolipoprotein A-II underwent a transient increase, and apolipoprotein B increased monotonically during parenteral nutrition. The results suggest that under the present circumstances neither lipoprotein lipase activity nor carnitine resources are rate-limiting for the utilization of fat in newborn infants during total parenteral nutrition. PMID- 3920641 TI - Fixed acid and carbon dioxide Bohr effects as functions of hemoglobin-oxygen saturation and erythrocyte pH in the blood of the frog, Rana temporaria. AB - Using a thin film, dynamic recording technique, the pH sensitivity of the oxygen equilibrium (Bohr effect) of whole blood in the frog Rana temporaria, and its dependence on CO2 and fixed acids and on plasma and erythrocyte pH values were measured. Under standard conditions (20 degrees C, PCO2 = 14.7 mm Hg, pH = 7.65) the oxygen equilibrium could be described by a P50 value of 38 mm Hg and n50 of 1.8 Hill plots of the oxygen equilibria showed increased cooperativity in oxygen binding with increasing saturation (n20 congruent to 1.2, n80 congruent to 4.0). Values of fixed acid and CO2 Bohr factors (phi AH and phi CO2, respectively) were similar at specific saturations (S20, 50, 80) but showed saturation dependence with high values occurring at high saturation. The same statements also hold for the intracellular Bohr factors (derived from the relation between blood P50 and erythrocyte pH) although the values of both phi AH and phi CO2 now were greater than those related to blood pH. PMID- 3920642 TI - Lack of PCMB action upon the outer barrier sodium permeability in the absence of Na in toad skin. AB - The stimulation of apical Na permeability by p-chloromercuribenzoate (PCMB) was evaluated by studying its effect on unidirectional 24Na flux (JNaeff) from inner to outer compartment in the isolated short-circuited toad skin. With Na present in the inner compartment, addition of PCMB to the outer skin surface led to an increase of JNaeff. However, after replacing all Na of the inner compartment by K or choline, the amiloride inhibitable Na permeability of the outer cell membrane increased, and PCMB was no longer effective. It is concluded that PCMB releases the blocking effect of intracellular Na on apical Na channels. If intracellular Na is drastically reduced virtually all Na channels are opened so that PCMB does no longer act. PMID- 3920643 TI - Tissue blood flow and localization of arteriovenous anastomoses in pigs with microspheres of four different sizes. AB - Using microspheres of 10, 15, 25 and 35 micron diameters we have compared blood flows to a large number of tissues and the complete distribution of common carotid arterial blood in an attempt to localize the site of arteriovenous shunting in anaesthetized pigs. Blood flow values obtained with the spheres of the four sizes were similar in the brain, heart, kidneys, skeletal muscles, stomach, small and large intestines, spleen, adrenals, liver, bones, fat and salivary glands. In the ears and skin from several regions, blood flow measured with 35 micron spheres was substantially higher than those measured with smaller spheres. Blood flow pattern in the eye and tongue was such that 10 micron flow value was moderately less and the 25 and 35 micron values were only slightly higher than the corresponding 15 micron value. These data indicate that a considerable number of arteriovenous anastomoses, large enough to let microspheres of up to 25 micron pass through, are present in the ears and skin. Only smaller arteriovenous anastomoses may be present in the eyes and tongue. This conclusion is supported by the observation that 5-hydroxytryptamine, which causes constriction of arteriovenous anastomoses, negated the difference in the blood flows measured with 15 and 35 micron spheres in the ears and skin. PMID- 3920644 TI - Student observations: respiration. PMID- 3920645 TI - A baby with respiratory distress syndrome. PMID- 3920646 TI - [Nitroglycerin and dobutamine in the treatment of low cardiac output syndrome after direct myocardial revascularization]. PMID- 3920647 TI - Early local reaction and lymph node permeation of rat carcinoma HH9-cl 14 cells. An immunohistological approach. AB - 2 X 10(6) ascites tumor cells of a DMBA-induced rat mammary adenocarcinoma (HH9 cl 14) were injected subcutaneously into tumor-free syngeneic female rats. Investigations were made, in addition to conventional paraffin histology and light microscopy, with immunohistological methods using poly-and monoclonal antisera. From 10 minutes to 2 hrs after inoculation carcinoma cells were seen inert either as single cells or as little clusters between connective and fatty tissue. After 6 hrs the number of tumor cells had decreased, and an increasing quantity of macrophages were found in close contact with them. At this stage some lymphocytes, too, appeared in the inoculation area. 10 minutes after injection, tumor cells were already entering regional lymph nodes and could be observed in the subcapsular sinuses. 2 hours later they had almost traversed the intermediate and medullary sinuses. Up to 6 hours after injection, increasing numbers of macrophages and sinus endothelial cells were seen, and the lymph node's appearance manifested hyperplasia of the paracortical zone. 4 and 6 hrs after injection, the total number of tumor cells in regional nodes decreased again noticeably, and sometimes tumor cells had disappeared. The first lymph node metastases appeared 28 days after inoculation. PMID- 3920648 TI - The role of gonadotrophin releasing hormone in the investigation and treatment of hypogonadism. PMID- 3920650 TI - [Immobilization of proteolytic complexes on pectin-containing carriers]. AB - A number of sorbents were synthesized on the basis of pectin and then used for immobilization of proteolytic complexes--pancreatin and protosubtilin. The best properties were shown by the enzyme preparations based on pectin, formaldehyde and melamin (PFM). Thus immobilization of pancreatin on PFM through Fe(III) ions gave a preparation with the activity of 79 000 mumole/g X h with respect to methyl ester of L-tryptophane (the activity yield is 91%). The pH optimum for all immobilized preparations was shifted towards the alkaline region. The thermostable fraction of the immobilized preparations retains the activity at 60 degrees for a long time. PMID- 3920649 TI - [Isolation of protein hydrolysates with given properties (a review)]. AB - Methods for obtaining protein hydrolysates with certain given properties are considered. It is shown that, besides food proteins, various yeast proteins can be used. Advantages and disadvantages of different types of hydrolysis, hydrolysis conditions, methods of hydrolysate purification and prevention of labile amino acid destruction are described. PMID- 3920651 TI - [Synthesis and secretion of prolactin and growth hormone in rats with protein calorie malnutrition and effect of administration of cortisol]. AB - Pituitary content, intensity of synthesis and secretion of prolactin and growth hormone were studied after incubation of the rat glands in the solution containing a mixture of 3H-labeled amino acids. Pituitary hormones were separated by electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel. The content of prolactin in the pituitary was diminished in deprived animals. Administration of cortisol decreased the content of prolactin in intact, but not in malnourished rats. In deprived animals, reduced content and synthesis of prolactin were observed, the hormone secretion was unchanged. Cortisol treatment increased incorporation of tritiated amino acids into pituitary prolactin. Malnutrition resulted in decreased content and secretion of the growth hormone; administration of cortisol increased secretion of the growth hormone, its level in the glands remaining unchanged. PMID- 3920652 TI - [Use of irritating inhalations for the detection of bacteria in patients with silicotuberculosis]. PMID- 3920653 TI - Internal duplication and sequence homology in factors V and VIII. AB - Blood coagulation factors V and VIII each serve cofactor functions with different vitamin K-dependent serine proteases of the coagulation cascade. Physical, physiologic, and kinetic data suggest analogous structures and functions for these two proteins. Proteolytically activated factor V (factor Va) is required for the efficient production of thrombin from prothrombin by factor Xa. Similarly, activated factor VIII (factor VIIIa) performs its cofactor activity with factor IXa to produce the activated form of factor X (factor Xa). The studies reported here on the sequences from the thrombin-activated and unactivated cofactors provide evidence that factor V and factor VIII are chemically related and that the structures of both cofactors involve some tandem duplication. PMID- 3920654 TI - Identification of a surface antigen on Theileria parva sporozoites by monoclonal antibody. AB - A mouse monoclonal antibody (mAbD1) that neutralizes sporozoites of different stocks of the protozoan parasite Theileria parva has been used to localize and identify a sporozoite antigen. Protein A-colloidal gold was used to localize bound mAbD1 in immunoelectron microscopic studies. mAbD1 bound to sporozoite antigen, which was evenly spread over the surface of all sporozoites. Immune complexes were obtained by incubation of sporozoite suspensions with mAbD1 followed by Zwittergent 3-14 extraction and precipitation with protein A Sepharose. One- and two-dimensional NaDodSO4/polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analyses were performed on these complexes, and a major protein with a molecular size of 68 kDa was identified. Other related components of 52 kDa, 47 kDa, and 28 kDa were also detected. Since antibody to this antigen(s) neutralizes T. parva sporozoites from different stocks, the results could be of relevance to the development of a broad spectrum vaccine against the cattle disease East Coast fever, which is caused by T. parva. PMID- 3920656 TI - Isolation of morphine from toad skin. AB - A nonpeptide opioid was found in toad skin and purified to homogeneity by using HPLC with electrochemical detection. A nonpeptide opioid also was detected in bovine brain and adrenals as well as rabbit and rat skin, by reversed-phase HPLC following Sephadex G-15 column chromatography. The material in toad skin was identical to morphine by immunological, pharmacological, and physical chemical criteria. PMID- 3920655 TI - Abnormal polyunsaturated fatty acid patterns of serum lipids in alcoholism and cirrhosis: arachidonic acid deficiency in cirrhosis. AB - Patterns of polyunsaturated fatty acids of serum phospholipids were measured for groups of alcoholics without cirrhosis, alcoholics with cirrhosis, cirrhotics without alcoholism, and a control population. Alcoholics without cirrhosis showed increased polyunsaturated fatty acids derived from linoleic and linolenic acids, but in cirrhotics these products were decreased. Alcoholism accentuated the abnormal polyunsaturated fatty acid pattern of cirrhosis. In alcohol abuse without cirrhosis, the level of 20:3 omega 9 (20 acyl carbon atoms:3 double bonds, omega, 9 carbon atoms beyond last double bond) was significantly increased, despite adequate levels of linoleic and arachidonic acids. Liver involvement appears necessary for development of deficiencies of polyunsaturated fatty acids in serum phospholipids, of which arachidonic acid deficiency is of the largest magnitude. PMID- 3920657 TI - From monoclonal antibody to gene for a neuron-specific glycoprotein in Drosophila. AB - A monoclonal antibody (MAb24B10), derived from mice immunized with Drosophila retina, exclusively stains photoreceptor cells in the retina and their axonal projections to the optic ganglia. The antigen (Ag24B10) is a 160-kDa glycoprotein comprising about 0.8% of the retina protein. By microsequencing, 19 of the first 21 amino acids at the NH2-terminal end of the protein have been determined. Using synthetic oligonucleotide probes corresponding to a portion of this amino acid sequence, we isolated a homologous lambda genomic clone. A partial DNA sequence of this clone, along with blot experiments on genomic DNA and RNA, indicate that this clone is part of the structural gene for Ag24B10. By in situ hybridization, the gene was localized to the tip of chromosome 3R. PMID- 3920658 TI - Sequences of the active-site peptides of three of the high-Mr penicillin-binding proteins of Escherichia coli K-12. AB - The amino acid compositions of the radioactive peptides obtained from trypsin digestion of [14C]benzylpenicillin-labeled penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) 1A, 1B, and 3 of Escherichia coli have been obtained. Complete digestion of these peptides with a combination of aminopeptidase M and carboxypeptidase Y showed that benzylpenicillin was bound to a serine residue in each of these proteins. Comparison of the compositions of the penicillin-labeled peptides with the complete amino acid sequences of PBPs 1A, 1B, and 3 showed that the acylated serine occurs near the middle of each of the proteins, within the conserved sequence Gly-Ser-Xaa-Xaa-Lys-Pro. The sequence around the acylated serine of these high Mr PBPs shows little similarity to that around the acylated serine of the low-Mr PBPs (D-alanine carboxypeptidases) or of the class A or class C beta lactamases, except that in all of these enzymes which interact with penicillin the acylated serine residue occurs within the sequence Ser-Xaa-Xaa-Lys. PMID- 3920659 TI - Immunoglobulin VH gene structure and diversity in Heterodontus, a phylogenetically primitive shark. AB - A mouse VH probe has been used to identify and isolate VH homologs in a DNA library of Heterodontus francisci (horned shark). The complete nucleotide sequence of one VH gene, HXIA, has been determined and found to exhibit striking organizational homology and nucleotide identity with mammalian prototype VH genes. Metric analysis of the complete sequence is consistent with the early phylogenetic diversification of framework and complementarity-determining regions (CDR). Both the predicted amino acid sequence and the specific hybridization of the CDR2-specific, synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide probe in spleen mRNA suggest that HXIA is functionally expressed. A probe consisting of the entire coding region of this gene hybridizes with multiple components in Southern blot analysis of Heterodontus genomic DNA and together with the identification of additional unique VH+-lambda clones indicates that considerable complexity is associated with the germline VH gene family in a contemporary species that represents an early stage in the phylogenetic development of the vertebrates. PMID- 3920662 TI - Biomechanics of bacterial walls: studies of bacterial thread made from Bacillus subtilis. AB - Bacterial threads of up to 1 m in length have been produced from filaments of separation-suppressed mutants of Bacillus subtilis. Individual threads may contain 20,000 cellular filaments in parallel alignment. The tensile properties of bacterial threads have been examined by using conventional textile engineering techniques. The kinetics of elongation at constant load are indicative of a viscoelastic material. Both Young's modulus and breaking stress are highly dependent upon relative humidity. By extrapolation to 100% relative humidity, it appears that cell walls may be able to bear only internal osmotic pressures of about 2 atmospheres (2.03 X 105(5) Pa) in living cells. Similarly, the strength of wall material limits the amount of cell-surface charge permissible to only a small fraction of that known to be carried by the negatively charged wall polymers. PMID- 3920661 TI - Suppressor T-cell factor(s) display an altered pattern of Igh (immunoglobulin heavy chain locus) genetic restriction when developed in an Igh-congeneic host. AB - Suppressor T-cell factor(s) (TsF1) inhibit the in vivo priming of azobenzenearsonate-specific cytotoxic T-cell responses. The activity of TsF1 is restricted by genes linked to Igh-1 allotypic markers. TsF1 obtained from B6.Igh 1n mice was unable to suppress the immune response in B6.Igh-1b mice and vice versa. However, TsF1 prepared from B6.Igh-1n T cells "parked" in an Igh-congeneic B6.Igh-1b environment displays an additional restriction specificity of the host. Thus, TsF1 prepared from these Igh-chimeric mice suppressed immune responses in both B6.Igh-1n (donor) and B6.Igh-1b (recipient) mice but not in mice of the unrelated strain BALB/c.Igh-1a. The results indicate that the establishment of the suppressor T-cell repertoire is dependent not only upon the genetic background of the individual T cell but also upon the influence of Igh-linked determinants present when T-cell clones are selected during the response. PMID- 3920660 TI - Possible involvement of human D minigenes in the first complementarity determining region of kappa light chains. AB - The nucleotide sequences of the complementary strands of two human diversity region (D) minigenes, D2 and D4, show stretches of homology with two human variable region kappa chain (V kappa) genes, NG9 and HK101, respectively, in the first complementarity-determining region. In one V kappa sequence, the homology includes the 5' flanking region of D minigenes, which may comprise a recombinase recognition signal. It is thus conceivable that gene conversions involving D minigenes may contribute to V kappa diversity. PMID- 3920663 TI - Intraventricular administration of cyclo(His-Pro), a metabolite of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH), decreases water intake in the rat. AB - We explored the effect of cyclo(His-Pro) on drinking in water-deprived rats. Intraventricular administration of cyclo(His-Pro) significantly reduced water intake in these rats in a dose-dependent fashion (3 X 10(-10) -3 X 10(-8) mole), whereas its intraperitoneal injection did not cause any effect on water intake. The inhibitory potency of cyclo(His-Pro) was found to be similar to that of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), but cyclo(His-Pro) did not significantly interfere with TRH binding in the rat brain. The data indicate that cyclo(His Pro) action was not mediated through the TRH counterpart. These results suggest that cyclo(His-Pro) may play a potential role in the regulation of water intake in the rat brain. PMID- 3920664 TI - Antenatal treatment of induced congenital malformations. PMID- 3920665 TI - The relevance for man of animal data on reproductive toxicity of industrial chemicals. PMID- 3920666 TI - Hydrolysis of phospholipids by embryonic palate mesenchyme cells in vitro. PMID- 3920667 TI - Prenatal protein-calorie malnutrition and brain development. PMID- 3920668 TI - Molecular aspects of basement membrane structure. PMID- 3920669 TI - Purification, structure and activation of pepsinogens. PMID- 3920670 TI - Peptic cells. AB - Immunocytochemical studies have demonstrated the existence of five different types of peptic cells in man. These are chief and mucus neck cells in fundic gland mucosa, the pyloric glands in antral mucosa, and the cardiac and Brunner's glands. There are two immunochemically distinct groups of pepsinogens, pepsinogen group I (PG I) and pepsinogen group II (PG II). Chief cells and mucous neck cells in fundic gland mucosa contain both PG I and PG II. Cardiac gland cells, pyloric gland cells and cells in Brunner's glands are clear staining (with hematoxylin and eosin) and usually contain only PG II. On occasion, faint positivity with PGI antiserum may be found in clear staining pyloric gland cells. Gastric gland heterotopia and metaplasia of fundic or pyloric type may be found anywhere in the gastrointestinal tract, but most often in the distal esophagus and duodenal bulb. Heterotopic and metaplastic gastric cells contain pepsinogens similar to the normal peptic cells in the stomach: chief-type cells contain both PG I and PG II, and clear staining cells only PG II. In the presence of hydrochloric acid, the production of pepsinogens may cause local peptic digestion outside of the stomach. PMID- 3920671 TI - Determination of pepsin I by radioimmunoassay. PMID- 3920672 TI - Radioimmunoassay of pepsin in gastric juice. PMID- 3920673 TI - Induction of cytoplasmic aldehyde dehydrogenases in rat tissues by carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic xenobiotics. PMID- 3920674 TI - Aldo-keto reductases. PMID- 3920675 TI - Immunohistochemical localisation of aldehyde and aldose reductase in human tissues. PMID- 3920676 TI - Aldehyde reductases and their involvement in muscular dystrophy. PMID- 3920677 TI - Pig brain aldehyde reductases. PMID- 3920678 TI - Effect of oral administration of arachidonic acid on prostaglandin and zinc metabolism in plasma and small intestine of the rat. AB - The effect of different doses of arachidonic acid (AA) on the intestinal zinc transport rate and on the plasma and intestinal PGE2, PGF2 alpha and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha levels in rats were measured to determine whether the metabolism of AA is involved in the zinc transport mechanism. Twenty-four rats were divided into 4 groups of 6 rats. Each rat received either 1.0 ml of distilled water, 0.5 mg, 1.0 mg or 1.5 mg/ml of AA intraduodenally at 24 and 4 hours before sacrifice. One hour before sacrifice, each rat also received 10 micrograms of 65Zn intraduodenally. The zinc transport rate decreased in comparison to controls when 0.5 mg of AA was given to the rats, but increased when 1.0 mg or 1.5 mg of AA was given. The levels of PGE2, PGF2 alpha and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha (PGI2 metabolite) in the intestinal mucosa all decreased in proportion to the amount of AA given. However, in the plasma, only PGF2 alpha levels decreased while PGE2 and 6-keto PGF1 alpha levels showed no change compared to controls. When rats were given 1.5 mg of AA without oral administration of 65Zn, plasma PGE2 levels increased while PGF2 alpha levels decreased. The results suggest that AA metabolism influences the zinc transport mechanism by modulating the relative levels of PGE2, PGF2 alpha and PGI2 in plasma and small intestine. PMID- 3920679 TI - Verapamil decreases the formation of thromboxane from exogenous 14C-arachidonic acid in human platelets in vitro. AB - The effects of verapamil on the metabolism of exogenous 14C-arachidonic acid were studied in human platelets in vitro. 1 mM verapamil decreased the formation of TXB2 and HHT and increased that of PGE2, PGD2 and PGF2 alpha. The radioactivity at the area of 12-HPETE on the thin layer chromatography plate was also increased by 1 mM verapamil. In addition, 10 microM and 1 mM verapamil caused a slight decreasing trend in the amount of free unmetabolized arachidonic acid. The results suggest that high concentrations of verapamil may decrease the formation of the aggregatory thromboxane and increase that of anti-aggregatory compounds, i.e. PGD2 and 12-HPETE in human platelets in vitro. However, as lower concentrations of verapamil (10 and 100 microM) had no significant effect on the metabolism of exogenous arachidonic acid, the anti-platelet effects of the drug at therapeutic concentrations are more likely to be mediated via other mechanisms, possibly via the inhibition of arachidonate release from the platelet membrane phospholipids. PMID- 3920680 TI - Effect of 15-lipoxygenase-derived arachidonate metabolites on human neutrophil degranulation. AB - Products of the 15-lipoxygenase pathway of arachidonate metabolism, prepared by techniques that effectively free them from contaminants, were examined for their ability to influence human neutrophil degranulation. 15(S) Hydroxyicosatetraenoate [15(S)-HETE], 8(S),15(S)-dihydroxyicosatetraenoate, and 5(S),15(S)-dihydroxyicosatetraenoate did not directly stimulate this response, but 5(S),15(S)-dihydroxyicosatetraenoate (158-5000 nM) enhanced degranulation responses elicited by platelet-activating factor and its structural analogues. It had no such effect on the degranulation responses elicited by a tripeptide chemotactic factor, phorbol myristate acetate, leukotriene B4, or ionophore A23187. In many of these respects, the potentiating actions of 5,15 dihydroxyicosatetraenoate paralleled the actions of 5(S)-hydroxyicosatetraenoate. Indeed, these two metabolites had potentiating actions on platelet-activating factor that were non-additive and, under specific conditions, cross-desensitized each other. Based on the structural specificity demonstrated by these and other mono- and dihydroxyeicosatetraenoates in potentiating platelet-activating factor as well as their mutual cross-desensitizing actions, we suggest that 5 hydroxylated arachidonate metabolites act by a structurally specific receptor to potentiate human neutrophil responses to certain stimuli. PMID- 3920681 TI - Inhibitory effects of tannic acid and benzophenone on soybean lipoxygenase and ram seminal vesicle cyclooxygenase. AB - Soybean lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase from ram seminal vesicles were inhibited by tannic acid and the apparent ID50's were 7.5 x 10(-7) M and 6 x 10(-6) M, respectively. The inhibition of lipoxygenase by tannic acid was noncompetitive. Benzophenone inhibited cyclooxygenase, and the ID50 was 8 x 10(-7) M. The inhibition constant, Ki values of both tannic acid and benzophenone are presented. PMID- 3920683 TI - Electron contamination from different materials in high energy photon beams. AB - Relative lateral electron surface dose distributions from filters and air in high energy photon beams were determined using the Fermi-Eyges theory of multiple scattering. The model includes transmission and angular scattering in materials and in air. Backscatter from the phantom was also estimated. The variation of surface dose with different parameters such as atomic number, thickness and position of material, field size and photon energy was investigated. The calculated data show good agreement with experiment. For 60Co gamma rays, electron filters of medium atomic number give the lowest surface dose, whereas for higher energies a low to medium atomic number material should be used, especially for short material-phantom distances and large field sizes. The contribution to surface dose can be reduced by over 30% by placing a thin foil of high atomic number after a low to medium atomic number filter, thus scattering some electrons from the beam. For 60Co gamma rays the air is often the dominant source of contaminating electrons because of high multiple scatter loss at this energy, while for higher photon energies the beam flattening filter is the main electron source because of the small emission angle of the electrons and the small scattering power at high energies. PMID- 3920682 TI - Toxic properties of arachidonic acid on normal, ischemic and reperfused hearts. Indirect evidence for free radical involvement. AB - We studied the effect of arachidonic acid on function and CPK release of normal, ischemic and reperfused isolated rat hearts. Under control conditions arachidonate (10 micrograms/ml) produced a transient inotropic effect which gradually reversed during a 90 minute perfusion. Creatinephosphokinase (CPK) release was augmented by arachidonic acid, particularly under high flow (pre ischemia and reperfusion) conditions. Recovery of contractility following reperfusion of ischemic myocardium was significantly depressed by arachidonic acid. Vitamin E (100 ng/ml) an antioxidant and free radical scavenger, reduced the enzyme leakage and enhanced recovery of contractility of reperfused myocardium. It also prevented the depression in contractility during control perfusion. Similar protective effects were observed by perfusing the heart with reduced calcium but not by nifedipine; a calcium channel blocker, indomethacin; a prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor or nordihydroguarietic acid; a lipoxygenase inhibitor. Arachidonic acid also inhibited membrane Na+/K+-ATPase although it is unlikely that this property mediated its cardiotoxic influence since it was not prevented by vitamin E. In addition, we observed that arachidonic acid increased the coronary resistance of isolated hearts, probably through enhanced calcium influx as this constriction was reduced by low calcium as well as by nifedipine. Thus, arachidonic acid possesses distinct properties. Its cardiotoxic influence is likely mediated by free radical generation. PMID- 3920684 TI - Determination of contamination-free build-up for 60Co. AB - Experimental verification of the difference between absorbed dose in tissue and the collision fraction of kerma requires precise knowledge of the absorbed dose curve, particularly in the build-up and build-down regions. A simple method for direct measurement of contamination-free build-up for 60Co, which should also be applicable for most of the photon energies commonly employed for treatment, is presented. It is shown that the contribution from air-scattered electrons to the surface dose may be removed by extrapolating measurements of build-up to zero field size. The remaining contribution to contamination from the collimators and other source-related hardware may be minimised by measuring these build-up curves sufficiently far from the source. These results were tested by measuring the build-up using a magnet to sweep scattered electrons from the primary photon beam and by measuring the surface dose in the limit of an evacuated beam path. The relative dose at zero depth in polystyrene was found to be approximately 8.9 +/- 0.3% of the dose at the depth of maximum build-up. PMID- 3920685 TI - Improvement to the adjustable collimator for neutron therapy. PMID- 3920687 TI - Computer assisted set-up of a linear accelerator. PMID- 3920686 TI - A clinically operational method for three-dimensional dose calculations. AB - Three-dimensional dose calculations can now be performed for both photon and neutron beam therapy in reasonable times on a minicomputer. The method described is a scatter-air ratio-tissue-air ratio (SAR-TAR) model which, for any beam, finds the correct depth at each point in a patient even when the beam passes obliquely through more than one transverse section of the patient. Scatter dose is determined by performing a Clarkson integration over both angle and radial distance, with the correct depth of the beam calculated at both accumulation and scatter points. Doses are computed and displayed over a 0.33 cm sampling grid superimposed on each transverse CT slice used in treatment planning. Dose-volume histograms are made for the entire patient volume and for internal organs and target volumes outlined by the physician. The clinical efficacy of the method in therapy planning is demonstrated and a comparison is made between this method and single section two-dimensional methods. PMID- 3920688 TI - Ultraviolet radiation stimulates the release of arachidonic acid from mammalian cells in culture. PMID- 3920689 TI - [Psychometric studies on the specificity of psychological performance disorders of epileptic patients]. AB - Using a psychological test battery for registration of psychic/psychomotoric speed and flexibility/perseveration we examined 78 epileptic patients with different forms of epilepsy and the same number of brain healthy control persons, parallelised in sex, age, education, profession and intelligence. The registrated data were varianz-, correlation- and factoranalised. We found a deceleration of psychic/psychomotoric speed as a primary basic disorder in epileptics. Decreases of flexibility independent of speed were not ascertainable. PMID- 3920690 TI - Continuous low-level apomorphine administration induces motor abnormalities and hallucinogen-like behaviors. AB - Continuous low-level (0.825 mg/kg/h for 20 h) administration of AP through SC in dwelling silicone reservoirs in the rat induced behavioral and biochemical changes that were similar to those induced by low levels (0.1 mg/kg) of acutely administered AP (decreased behavioral activity and decreased dopamine metabolism in the striatum). With longer periods of continuous AP exposure (40 h or more) the activity-depressing effects of low-level AP diminished. Concurrently a novel behavioral syndrome emerged characterized by limb flicks, body shakes, sudden orienting responses, and motor abnormalities, such as tremors of the jaw muscles, chewing movements, prominent tongue extensions, and body 'tics'. This behavioral syndrome became more apparent following cessation of drug treatment. These novel behavioral changes, which were accompanied by increased behavioral responsiveness to acutely administered AP and amphetamine, were correlated with increased levels of dopamine, homovanillic acid, and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid in the striatum but not the nucleus accumbens. This novel behavioral syndrome appears to reflect a rebound increase in dopaminergic mechanisms in striatum following their chronic suppression by low levels of AP. PMID- 3920691 TI - Clonidine induced sedation is not altered by repeated stress in the RHA/iop and RLA/iop strains of rats. AB - An hypothesis that repeated stress results in central changes in alpha 2 adrenoceptor sensitivity was investigated using a behavioural test. Stressed (immobilisation for 2 h/day for 7 days) and unstressed rats from the RHA/iop and RLA/iop strains were tested for the sedative effects of the alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist clonidine on Y-maze behaviour. The measures used were number of lines crossed, arm entries and rearing. The stressed animals showed higher scores for line crossings and rearing; but the only significant difference between the strains was for rearing, which was higher for RHA/iop. Clonidine significantly depressed all the measures of activity. However, there was no evidence of an interaction of the drug with stress for any of the measures. It is concluded that neither repeated stress nor genetic differences in the ability to cope with stress influence the behavioural effects of clonidine. This suggests that stress responses are not related to the central alpha 2-adrenoceptor system. PMID- 3920692 TI - Effect of diazepam, apomorphine and haloperidol on the audiogenic immobility reaction and on the open field behavior. AB - Weanling rats were treated with diazepam, apomorphine, and haloperidol to study the influence of the dopamine (DA) system on the audiogenic immobility reaction and open field locomotory behavior. Treatment with diazepam (0.025, 0.05, and 0.1 mg/kg) caused a dose-dependent shortening of the duration of the immobility response. Treatment with apomorphine (0.125, 0.25, and 0.50 mg/kg) shortened both the immobility reaction and the latency to leave the spot where the animal was first placed in the open field (latency for first crossing). Locomotor activity increased in a dose-dependent fashion. Both grooming and rearing showed biphasic dose response curves, with a maximum occurring at the 0.125 mg/dose for grooming and at the 0.25 mg/dose for rearing. Haloperidol (0.06 mg/kg) exerted opposite effects to those of apomorphine, but also produced increased running during the auditory stimulation (flight distance). Using the immobility reaction as an expression of fear, we concluded that activation of the DA system decreases while inhibition of the DA system increases fear. It was hypothesized that the DA system exerts an inhibitory function in the expression of fear. PMID- 3920693 TI - Relationship between sensorimotor neglect and the specificity, degree and locus of mesotelencephalic dopaminergic cell loss following 6-hydroxydopamine. AB - The involvement of cell groups within the dopaminergic mesotelencephalic system in the development of the sensorimotor neglect syndrome was re-evaluated in two ways. Firstly, dopaminergic specificity of the neglect was further established by studying the relationship between nomifensine protection of dopamine cells against 6-hydroxydopamine damage and the degree of neglect which resulted. The sensorimotor neglect syndrome which developed following injection of 6 hydroxydopamine was diminished by concomitant treatment with nomifensine in parallel with the degree of protection afforded the dopaminergic cells. Non specific damage produced by 6-hydroxydopamine was unaltered by nomifensine. Secondly, the role in sensorimotor neglect of both total cell damage, and damage to regional sub-classes of dopaminergic cells was considered. It was found that the extent of the resulting neglect was correlated with the overall damage to the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area, rather than to any individual region within this dopaminergic system. There was a threshold, involving destruction of approximately one third of the system, below which no neglect syndrome developed. Certain regions, including the ventral tegmental area (VTA), showed a higher partial correlation with the extent of neglect than other regions. While specific lesioning of the A8 or A10 dopaminergic neurons is probably insufficient to produce a neglect syndrome, damage to these areas potentiates the severity of the neglect produced by nigrostriatal lesions. It appears that the involvement of the individual subclasses of the mesotelencephalic dopaminergic neurons in the neglect syndrome is more widespread than previously thought. PMID- 3920694 TI - Dopamine-sensitive alternation and collateral behaviour in a Y-maze: effects of d amphetamine and haloperidol. AB - The degree of alternation of arm choice in a Y-maze was examined on 15-min tests over 4 days in rats treated (IP) with saline, amphetamine (0.5 or 2.0 mg/kg) or pretreated with haloperidol (0.08 mg/kg) in each condition prior to test. On day 1 amphetamine-treated animals chose arms at random, but from day 2-4 those receiving the higher dose perseverated their choice. Controls maintained alternation. These effects could be prevented by haloperidol pretreatment. Amphetamine treatment increased the frequency of rearing at the middle, choice point of the maze more than at the end of an arm. The increase at the mid-point was suppressed by haloperidol pretreatment from day 1 and at the end of an arm from day 2. Amphetamine induced an increase in head-turning/"looking" that was suppressed by haloperidol from day 2. The effect of haloperidol in increasing the duration of an item of looking or rearing at the end of an arm also started later in testing. Two effects are postulated to have occurred: (i) a conflict on day 1 between novelty-controlled sensory or attentional effects that leads to an alternation of arm choice and amphetamine-induced dopaminergic activity that facilitates an alternation of behavioural responses. The result was random choice and increased rearing at the choice point. (ii) On days 2-4 the drug-induced effects on switching motor responses came to control behaviour. PMID- 3920695 TI - Comparison of effects of desipramine and amitriptyline on EEG sleep of depressed patients. AB - Despite their widespread use, there are few data concerning the effects of tricyclic antidepressants on EEG sleep in depression. The present study documented the effects of desipramine (DMI, n = 17) and amitriptyline (AT, n = 16) upon EEG sleep in hospitalized depressed patients as part of a double-blind protocol involving 28 days of active treatment. Compared to placebo, patients receiving DMI showed somewhat worsened sleep continuity, particularly after 1 week of administration when the dose was 150 mg/day. On the other hand, sleep architecture and REM measures showed a rapid suppression of REM sleep, and then partial tolerance for this effect was observed with continued administration of DMI for 3 weeks. DMI was a more potent suppressor of REM sleep, while AT was more sedative. Based on these differences in effects upon EEG sleep, a discriminant function was derived and resulted in a correct classification of 87.5% of AT cases and 76.5% of DMI cases. These results are discussed in terms of the differences in pharmacological profiles for uptake blockade and anticholinergic potency for these two compounds. PMID- 3920696 TI - Discriminative stimulus properties of cocaine in pigeons. AB - The present study was designed to assess the discriminative stimulus properties of cocaine in pigeons. Six pigeons were trained to discriminate IM injections of cocaine (2 mg/kg) from saline with responding maintained under a fixed-ratio 30 schedule of food delivery. Cocaine, d-amphetamine, and l-cathinone substituted completely for the training dose of cocaine in all pigeons. When nicotine (0.25 4.0 mg/kg), apomorphine (0.03-1.0 mg/kg), procaine (4-32 mg/kg), and lidocaine (4 16 mg/kg) were substituted, both partial substitutions and individual differences between pigeons were observed. Oxazepam (0.5-4.0 mg/kg) and pentobarbital (2-8 mg/kg) failed to substitute for the training dose of cocaine. Discriminative stimulus control by cocaine was greatest when the drug was administered 10-40 min prior to the session and the effects disappeared after 2 h. The substitution results indicate drug class specificity of the cocaine cue but, in addition, suggest its multidimensional nature. PMID- 3920697 TI - Promethazine both facilitates and inhibits nociception in rats: effect of the testing procedure. AB - The present study demonstrates that low doses of promethazine (1.25-5 mg/kg SC) dose-dependently facilitate nociception in the vocalization test in rats. However, this effect disappeared gradually with increasing dose, and in contrast, high doses (20-40 mg/kg SC) induced an antinociceptive effect. This indicates that promethazine, depending upon the biophase concentration, has the potential to interact with separate antagonizing or opposing functional systems, producing contrasting effects on nociception. The sigmoid Emax model was fitted to the observed composite effect, and dose-response characteristics for two opposite effects were described. In addition, when suprathreshold stimulation was used to evoke nociception, the stimulus amplified the hyperalgesic efficacy of promethazine but left the potency of this effect unaltered. In this experimental situation only negligible antinociception was observed. Our data thus show that for promethazine, the net effect on nociception in rats is not absolute but is balanced both by the biophase concentration and by the effectiveness of the stimulation used to evoke nociception. PMID- 3920698 TI - Effects of thalidomide and pentobarbital on neuronal activity in the preoptic area during sleep and wakefulness in the cat. AB - To test the hypothesis that sleep produced by thalidomide, unlike that of pentobarbital, is associated with increased neuronal activity in the preoptic area (POA), the spontaneous activity of 96 POA neurons was recorded in chronically prepared cats during alert wakefulness (W), deep slow-wave sleep (SWS), and REM sleep in a drug-free preparation and after administration of thalidomide (4 mg/kg) and pentobarbital (4 or 8 mg/kg). Thalidomide, unlike pentobarbital, at a dose that significantly increased the amount of SWS, failed to depress neuronal activity in the POA compared to drug-free controls. Mean discharge rates during thalidomide treatment were similar to drug-free rates. In contrast, rates during low-dose pentobarbital treatment were significantly less than those of drug-free and thalidomide-treated animals. Rates during high-dose pentobarbital treatment were significantly less than those in all other groups. Thalidomide, compared with the other groups, in addition to increasing the amount of SWS, significantly increased the total amount of REM sleep as well as REM sleep as a percent of total sleep, but did not produce ataxia or behavioral excitement. These results do not confirm the initial hypothesis, but suggest that hypnotic drugs that do not depress neuronal activity in the POA may be devoid of some of the unwanted side effects often associated with the more commonly prescribed hypnotic medications. PMID- 3920699 TI - Time course of the locomotor stimulant and depressant effects of a single low dose of ethanol in mice. AB - The acute effects of alcohol on spontaneous locomotor activity in male Swiss mice were studied at various times after an IP injection of 2 g/kg ethanol. Subjects were placed alone in a novel arena and videotape recordings were made of behaviour: trials were of 500-s duration and commenced at either 30, 60, 120, or 180 min after alcohol administration. Measures of behaviour included various indices of ambulation and immobility, together with a more detailed ethological analysis of the frequencies of all other acts and postures shown by test animals. Ambulation showed a biphasic response to alcohol treatment, consisting of an initial stimulation followed by a suppression after 3 h. Immobility was also increased by alcohol, and showed peak stimulation in trials commencing 30 min after administration: thereafter there was a progressive return to baseline levels. Many behavioural elements were suppressed including rearing, digging, shaking, and abbreviated grooming. Ethanol thus appeared to produce two distinct types of depression, in terms of increased immobility (and suppression of other behaviour) and in terms of decreased ambulation, the latter occurring when immobility had returned to baseline levels. PMID- 3920700 TI - The effects of alaproclate on the pupillary responses to tyramine, phenylephrine and pilocarpine in depressed patients. AB - Nine depressed patients were treated with alaproclate, a selective 5-HT uptake inhibitor, for 3 weeks in a dose of 400 mg daily. The pupillary responses to tyramine, phenylephrine, and pilocarpine eye drops were measured on consecutive days before, after 1 week and after 3 weeks of treatment. The tyramine-induced mydriasis was unaffected by alaproclate, suggesting that it does not significantly inhibit the reuptake of noradrenaline. The pilocarpine-induced miosis and the phenylephrine-induced mydriasis were both enhanced after 1 week but not after 3 weeks of treatment. This suggests that alaproclate acutely increases the responsiveness of postsynaptic muscarinic and alpha 1 adrenoceptors. PMID- 3920701 TI - Aminophylline antagonizes diazepam-induced anesthesia and EEG changes in humans. AB - General anesthesia was induced in eight subjects by the slow IV injection of 60 mg diazepam. During the anesthetic effect, the EEG was characterized by 3-5 Hz high voltage activity. Immediate recovery of consciousness and reversal of the EEG pattern to fast low voltage activity was obtained after the IV injection of 60 mg aminophylline. On the other hand, three diazepam-treated subjects who received IV saline instead of aminophylline recovered from anesthesia 73-120 min after saline. PMID- 3920702 TI - Effects of sulpiride and chlorpromazine on autistic and positive psychotic symptoms in schizophrenic patients--relationship to drug concentrations. AB - Schizophrenic patients were treated with fixed doses of sulpiride (800 mg/day) or chlorpromazine (CPZ) (400 mg/day) during a period of 8 weeks using a double-blind design. There were 25 patients in each group and all of them fulfilled the Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) for schizophrenia. Autistic and psychotic symptoms were rated with subscales developed from the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale (CPRS). Autistic symptoms were also rated with a subscale of the Nurse's Observation Scale for Inpatient Evaluation (NOSIE). Sulpiride was superior to CPZ in reducing the autistic symptoms. Patients with low concentrations of sulpiride in serum had a better recovery rate from autistic symptoms than those with high concentrations. Both drugs reduced positive psychotic symptoms to the same degree. PMID- 3920704 TI - Effects of multiple pretreatment with apomorphine and amphetamine on amphetamine induced locomotor activity and its inhibition by apomorphine. AB - Mice were given a saline preinjection and habituation to the testing environment followed by injection of amphetamine (0.675-5.0 mg/kg IP) and apomorphine (AP, 15 80 micrograms/kg SC) 15 min later. AP produced a dose-dependent inhibition of the amphetamine-induced locomotor activity. A dose of 40 micrograms/kg AP increased approximately threefold the amphetamine dose required to induce the same increase in activity. Repeated administration of AP (30 mg/kg IP once daily for 14 days) resulted in an enhanced response (in the early portion of the time response) to amphetamine challenge, while the ability of subsequent microgram challenge doses of AP to reduce the response were unaffected. Similarly, repeated administration (twice-daily IP injections for 5 days) of amphetamine (5.0 mg/kg) resulted in an enhanced locomotor response to amphetamine challenge and no change in the ability of AP to inhibit the response. These results suggest that repeated administrations of dopamine agonists, although acting through different mechanisms (i.e., indirect versus direct), increase the initial release of neurotransmitter. However, the repeated administration of these agonists does not attenuate the ability of AP to inhibit the release of the neurotransmitter induced by amphetamine. The regulatory functions (i.e., presynaptic receptor control) of release appears to remain intact, but the level of neuronal activity has been increased. PMID- 3920703 TI - Opioid but not nonopioid stress-induced analgesia is enhanced following prenatal exposure to ethanol. AB - Two neurochemically distinct forms of stress-induced analgesia were examined in adult rats following prenatal ethanol exposure. Rats were exposed to ethanol during the last 2 weeks of gestation through a liquid diet presented to the dams. Analgesia testing was conducted when the offspring were 150-210 days of age. Two forms of footshock stress were administered; one that resulted in a naloxone sensitive (opioid-mediated) analgesia and one that resulted in a naloxone insensitive (nonopioid) form of analgesia. Rats prenatally exposed to ethanol demonstrated significantly enhanced opioid-mediated analgesia, but unaltered nonopioid analgesia compared to controls. These results confirm previous findings that prenatal exposure to ethanol leads to long-term alterations in responding to some, but not all forms of stress. The possibility that prenatal exposure to ethanol leads to perturbations in the endogenous opioid systems is discussed. PMID- 3920705 TI - Plasma levels of haloperidol and clinical response. PMID- 3920706 TI - The dexamethasone suppression and TRH stimulation tests in the initial phase of depression treatment. PMID- 3920707 TI - Statistical studies on anorexia nervosa in Japan: detailed clinical data on 1,011 patients. AB - Statistical studies on anorexia nervosa in Japan were carried out by our research group. Questionnaires were sent to physicians at 1,030 representative institutions throughout Japan and data were collected from 315 institutions. The total number of patients with anorexia nervosa in 1981 was 940 outpatients and 372 inpatients. The number of patients in 1981 was twice as high as in 1976. Detailed data on 1,011 patients were investigated. As most of the patients had certain endocrinological abnormalities which improved after weight gain, indications are that at least a part of the endocrinological abnormalities might be secondary changes due to weight loss. PMID- 3920708 TI - Physical activity, behavioral epidemiology, and public health. PMID- 3920709 TI - Physical activity research and coronary heart disease. PMID- 3920710 TI - Workshop on Epidemiologic and Public Health Aspects of Physical Activity and Exercise: a summary. AB - The Workshop on Epidemiologic and Public Health Aspects of Physical Activity and Exercise was conducted by the Centers for Disease Control on September 24-25, 1984. Fundamental topics were identified prior to the workshop, and experts were invited to participate. Ten papers were written, discussed at the workshop, revised, and are herewith published. The beneficial effects of physical activity on health are becoming progressively more apparent. A reduced risk of coronary heart disease, desirable weight control, and the reduction of symptoms of anxiety and mild to moderate depression are established. Beneficial effects on hypertension, type II diabetes, osteoporosis, and certain psychiatric and psychologic conditions appear likely but require additional study. Although the importance of physical activity to health is becoming better established, several important gaps in our knowledge remain. Physical activity is a complex behavior that is difficult to measure, and the accuracy of most measurement instruments is not known. Knowledge of the patterns of physical activity within our society and the determinants of those patterns is limited. Information on the rates of mechanical, metabolic, and psychologic risks of physical activity is largely absent. In addition, there is a need to know more about the dose-response effects of physical activity, the differential effects on various subgroups of the population, the specific dimensions of activity which effect different aspects of health, and the efficacy of various intervention and promotional strategies. Each paper stands as an independent contribution to the literature. As a group, the authors of these papers have provided the public health and scientific communities with a succinct yet comprehensive summary of the status of knowledge plus specific recommendations for future research in the areas of physical activity, public health, and epidemiology. PMID- 3920711 TI - Physical activity, exercise, and physical fitness: definitions and distinctions for health-related research. AB - "Physical activity," "exercise," and "physical fitness" are terms that describe different concepts. However, they are often confused with one another, and the terms are sometimes used interchangeably. This paper proposes definitions to distinguish them. Physical activity is defined as any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that results in energy expenditure. The energy expenditure can be measured in kilocalories. Physical activity in daily life can be categorized into occupational, sports, conditioning, household, or other activities. Exercise is a subset of physical activity that is planned, structured, and repetitive and has as a final or an intermediate objective the improvement or maintenance of physical fitness. Physical fitness is a set of attributes that are either health- or skill-related. The degree to which people have these attributes can be measured with specific tests. These definitions are offered as an interpretational framework for comparing studies that relate physical activity, exercise, and physical fitness to health. PMID- 3920713 TI - A descriptive epidemiology of leisure-time physical activity. AB - Eight national surveys conducted in the United States and Canada between 1972 and 1983 are reviewed for evidence of leisure-time physical activity patterns in the population. The authors' major conclusion is that it is difficult to make reliable generalizations when definitions of exercise used in the surveys vary so widely. Nevertheless, the young and persons of relatively high socioeconomic status are definitely more active than average in their leisure time; this is probably also true of westerners and suburbanites. Males and females are about equally likely to be involved in conditioning activities, but males are more likely to participate in vigorous exercise and sport. It appears likely that exercise prevalence has increased in recent years, and a maximum of 20 percent of the population exercises at a level frequently recommended for cardiovascular benefit. Major areas of uncertainty and ignorance remain, and the authors identify 15 such areas. Secondary analysis is recommended to help resolve several questions currently impeding a complete description of the exercise patterns of the population. For future surveys, five recommendations are offered on definitions and essential data items. Existing time series studies are generally inadequate. The authors recommend that detailed surveys of exercise patterns be conducted every 5 years to supplement the continual monitoring that is also essential to detect shifts in this important health behavior. PMID- 3920712 TI - Assessment of physical activity in epidemiologic research: problems and prospects. AB - More than 30 different methods have been used to assess physical activity. These methods can be grouped into seven major categories: calorimetry, job classification, survey procedures, physiological markers, behavioral observation, mechanical and electronic monitors, and dietary measures. No single instrument fulfills the criteria of being valid, reliable, and practical while not affecting behavior. The instruments that are very precise tend to be impractical on a population basis. Surveys are the most practical approach in large-scale studies, although little is known about their reliability and validity. Studies employing objective monitoring through heart rate, movement sensors, and doubly labeled water procedures appear promising, but are still experimental and costly. Despite the difficulty of measurement, relatively strong association has been found between physical activity and health, suggesting that, with improvements in assessment techniques, even stronger associations should be seen. PMID- 3920714 TI - The determinants of physical activity and exercise. AB - Evaluation and delivery of physical activity and exercise programs appear impeded by the substantial numbers of Americans who are unwilling or unable to participate regularly in physical activity. As a step toward identifying effective interventions, we reviewed available research on determinants relating to the adoption and maintenance of physical activity. We categorized determinants as personal, environmental, or characteristic of the exercise. We have considered supervised participation separately from spontaneous activity in the general population. A wide variety of determinants, populations, and settings have been studied within diverse research traditions and disciplines. This diversity and the varied interpretation of the data hinder our clearly summarizing the existing knowledge. Although we provide some directions for future study and program evaluation, there is a need for research that tests hypotheses derived from theoretical models and that has clear implications for intervention programs. We still need to explore whether general theories of health behavior or approaches relating to specific exercises or activities can be used to predict adoption and maintenance of physical activity. PMID- 3920715 TI - Relationships between exercise or physical activity and other health behaviors. AB - Physical activity may indirectly influence health behaviors such as overeating, smoking, substance abuse, stress management, risk taking, and others. Substantial evidence indicates that physical activity is positively associated with weight control and caloric intake. The data weakly support the hypothesis that physical activity and smoking are negatively associated. Few data are available to evaluate the association between activity and alcohol consumption, alcoholism, substance abuse, stress management, preventive health behaviors, and risk-taking behavior. PMID- 3920716 TI - The disease-specific benefits and risks of physical activity and exercise. AB - Physical inactivity has been related to the occurrence of coronary heart disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and osteoporosis. The literature was reviewed to determine what is and what is not known about the efficacy and safety of physical activity in each of these conditions. Although there is a transient increase in the risk of sudden cardiac death during vigorous activity, there is mounting evidence that habitual vigorous activity is associated with an overall reduced risk of coronary heart disease. It is unlikely that this association merely reflects the "selection" that results from sick persons who tend to be less active. Several studies suggest that physical activity may be related to the prevention and control of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and osteoporosis. However, additional research is needed to make explicit the risks and benefits of physical activity in each of these conditions. Finally, future efforts should determine the type, intensity, frequency, and duration of activity required to maximize the benefits and minimize the hazards of physical activity. The public health and clinical significance of these questions requires that they be examined in the most rigorous manner feasible. PMID- 3920717 TI - The risks of exercise: a public health view of injuries and hazards. AB - Relatively little is known about the incidence of the risks facing those who exercise regularly. Clinical reports suggest a variety of musculoskeletal ailments, and several pathophysiologic conditions may result from the various aerobic activities most likely to be pursued by large parts of the U.S. population. But adequate epidemiologic data are scarce. Careful epidemiologic studies are needed to develop incidence information. PMID- 3920718 TI - The relation of physical activity and exercise to mental health. AB - Mental disorders are of major public health significance. It has been claimed that vigorous physical activity has positive effects on mental health in both clinical and nonclinical populations. This paper reviews the evidence for this claim and provides recommendations for future studies. The strongest evidence suggests that physical activity and exercise probably alleviate some symptoms associated with mild to moderate depression. The evidence also suggests that physical activity and exercise might provide a beneficial adjunct for alcoholism and substance abuse programs; improve self-image, social skills, and cognitive functioning; reduce the symptoms of anxiety; and alter aspects of coronary-prone (Type A) behavior and physiological response to stressors. The effects of physical activity and exercise on mental disorders, such as schizophrenia, and other aspects of mental health are not known. Negative psychological effects from exercise have also been reported. Recommendations for further research on the effects of physical activity and exercise on mental health are made. PMID- 3920719 TI - Physical activity and exercise to achieve health-related physical fitness components. AB - To improve health and fitness effectively through physical activity or exercise, we need to understand how this comes about. For many of these changes, the stimulus has been grossly defined in terms of type, intensity, duration, and frequency of exercise, but for others a dose-response relationship has not been determined. Physical activity that appears to provide the most diverse health benefits consists of dynamic, rhythmical contractions of large muscles that transport the body over distance or against gravity at a moderate intensity relative to capacity for extended periods of time during which 200 to 400 kilocalories (or 4 kilocalories per kilogram of body weight) are expended. For optimal health benefits, such activity should be performed daily or at least every other day and should be supplemented with some heavy resistance and flexibility exercises. The greatest benefits are achieved when the least active individuals become moderately active; much less benefit is apparent when the already active individual becomes extremely active. Overexertion or inappropriate exercise can produce significant health risks. Research is needed to characterize better the health-promoting features of physical activity and exercise. PMID- 3920721 TI - Health promotion for older Americans. AB - As American lifespans increase, there is greater concern for the quality of those longer lives. The Department of Health and Human Services, through its many component agencies, has inaugurated a major initiative to promote health and fitness among older Americans to improve life quality and to reduce health care costs. The older population is a fertile ground for such an initiative, because studies indicate that the elderly are extremely health-conscious and very willing to adopt habits that will maintain good health. Investigation disclosed six target areas of concentration at which the health promotion initiative could be aimed: fitness-exercise, nutrition, safe and proper use of drugs and alcohol, accident prevention, other preventive services, and smoking cessation. The initiative includes cooperative programs with States; dissemination of printed information; nutritious meals for the elderly; a Food and Drug Administration consumer education program; Centers for Disease Control programs on accident prevention; a special task force to deal with Alzheimer's disease; and, in cooperation with states, a media campaign of health promotion for the elderly. At least three national health and senior citizens organizations are working closely with HHS agencies on the initiative. A separate Department effort involves the encouragement of fast-growing health maintenance organizations to promote health and prevention for their Medicare members and the persuasion of Medicare beneficiaries generally to seek second medical or surgical opinions. State and local government and the private sector, responding to Department initiatives, have also been developing programs for the aging. Their interest and participation ensures that special health promotion and disease prevention efforts directed toward elderly Americans will continue and proliferate. PMID- 3920720 TI - The promotion of physical activity in the United States population: the status of programs in medical, worksite, community, and school settings. AB - While the medical care encounter is considered an ideal situation in which patients are encouraged to increase their physical activity levels, very little research has been conducted in this setting. In fact, with the exception of the physical activity components of cardiac rehabilitation programs, few formal physical activity programs are available in medical care settings. Although the workplace is currently the focus of the greatest interest by those persons who implement physical activity programs, there is little precision in defining what constitutes a worksite physical activity program. A number of researchers and authors, using program experience rather than empirical findings, have described what they believe to be the important components of successful worksites health promotion and physical education programs. The greatest variety of physical activity programs are found in community settings. They are offered by a number of nonprofit private organizations, nonprofit public agencies, and for-profit organizations. While relatively little research has been done concerning changes in the community environment, it is clear that such changes can effect community participation. Community campaigns to increase physical activity have been studied, and it appears that they clearly affect residents' interest and awareness in physical activity, but they do not have a major effect on behavioral changes in the short term. It appears that a major opportunity to influence favorable physical activity in the United States is being missed in schools. A large majority of students are enrolled in physical education classes, but the classes appear to have little effect on the current physical fitness levels of children and, furthermore, have little impact on developing life-long physical activity skills. PMID- 3920723 TI - Prolactin dynamics and tumour size in the prediction of surgical outcome for prolactinoma. AB - Each of 62 females were studied for a period of between two and 72 months (mean 36 months) following the removal of a prolactinoma by transsphenoidal pituitary surgery. Our aims were to define the relationships between pre- and post operative features, the operative findings and the functional outcome. Pre operative serum prolactin (PRL) concentrations correlated with tumour diameter (r = 0.55, p less than 0.001). Following surgery two groups of patients were identified: Group 1, 46 spontaneously and regularly menstruating patients and Group 2, 16 patients with persistent amenorrhoea. The patients in Group 1 had significantly lower pre-operative and post-operative serum (PRL) concentrations (p less than 0.02 and p less than 0.001 respectively) and significantly greater PRL responses to thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH) and metoclopramide stimulation after surgery (p less than 0.001). There was not a significant difference in tumour size between the groups. Forty-four (96 per cent) of the patients in Group 1 had normal post-operative serum PRL concentrations within one week of surgery. By comparison (p less than 0.001) only 42 and 20 per cent respectively of Group 1 patients who were tested had normal TRH and metoclopramide evoked PRL secretion following surgery. Return of regular menstruation was associated with cessation of galactorrhoea in 44 patients (96 per cent) and ovulation occurred in 37 of 38 menstruating patients for whom data are available. All patients with normal TRH and metoclopramide stimulation tests menstruated spontaneously. Nevertheless most patients who menstruated did so in spite of retaining suppressed PRL responses. Of 46 patients followed to date whose serum PRL was normal one week after surgery, seven later were found to have an elevation of serum PRL outside the normal range but in only two has this been persistent. We suggest that a single measurement of serum PRL one week following transsphenoidal pituitary surgery for prolactinoma provides a good basis for deciding about the future management of patients who desire menstruation and pregnancy. PMID- 3920722 TI - Effectiveness of measures to prevent unintentional deaths of infants and children from suffocation and strangulation. AB - Unintentional deaths from suffocation and strangulation account for about 20 percent of all nontransport-related infant and child fatalities in the United States. In the late 1950s, some preventive countermeasures were introduced to reduce the number of deaths resulting from refrigerator or freezer entrapment. A few years later, countermeasures were introduced to prevent deaths resulting from suffocation by plastic bags, inhumation, and mechanical strangulation from wedging in infant cribs. For three of these major causes of suffocation and strangulation deaths among infants and children (refrigerator or freezer entrapment, suffocation by plastic bag, and inhumation at construction sites), there appears to have been a significant decline in incidence; however, there is no evidence of a significant reduction in deaths from mechanical strangulation in cribs. The impact of current countermeasures is discussed, and some suggestions for new or modified approaches are made. PMID- 3920724 TI - Inhomogeneity of the nucleus to 125IUdR cytotoxicity. AB - Synchronized suspension cultures of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells were used to determine the lethal effects produced by the decay of 125I incorporated into different subfractions of the nuclear genome. Such a shift in nuclear incorporation pattern was achieved by using the drug aphidicolin, which inhibits 95% of all nuclear DNA synthesis, is nontoxic to cells in a colony-forming assay, and does not modify the radiation response of CHO cells to X irradiation. In addition to shifting incorporation of 125I to only 5% of the nuclear genome, both nuclease digestions to characterize the molecular location of 125I and electron microscope autoradiography show an inhomogeneous distribution of sites of 125I incorporation in the presence of 5 micrograms/ml aphidicolin. These data in combination with survival curves of CHO cells labeled with 125I-iododeoxyuridine (125IUdR) either with or without aphidicolin showed a dramatic change in the survival response (DO: 30 decays/cell and 96 decays/cell, respectively). It is concluded, therefore, that the nucleus is not a homogeneous target for radiation induced cell death because when subfractions of the nuclear genome are labeled, radically different levels in cell survival are obtained. PMID- 3920725 TI - Reduced repair of X-ray-induced DNA lesions in cells without functioning DNA polymerase alpha. AB - X irradiation of cells induces damage in the DNA, which can be detected as fragmentation of the DNA in alkali. To examine whether DNA polymerase alpha plays a role in the X-ray-induced fragmentation of the DNA, cells with and without functioning DNA polymerase alpha have been compared. We have used the drug aphidicolin, which is a specific inhibitor of polymerase alpha. The results show that DNA of aphidicolin-treated cells is more easily fragmented in alkali than DNA of untreated cells. This is paralleled by a lower repair replication in cells without functioning DNA polymerase alpha. Hence polymerase alpha is involved in the repair process of lesions induced by X irradiation. PMID- 3920726 TI - Quantitative similarities in the several actions of cyanide on prostaglandin H synthase. AB - The effects of a heme ligand, cyanide, on pure ovine prostaglandin H synthase have been examined in detail as one approach to elucidating the role of the heme cofactor in cyclooxygenase and peroxidase catalysis by the synthase. Cyanide bound to the synthase heme with an affinity (Kd) of 0.19 mM, and inhibited the peroxidase activity of the synthase, with a KI value of 0.23 mM. Cyanide increased the sensitivity of the cyclooxygenase to inhibition by the peroxide scavenger, glutathione peroxidase. This increased sensitivity to inhibition reflected an increase in the level of peroxide required to activate the cyclooxygenase, from 21 nM in absence of cyanide to over 300 nM when 2.5 mM cyanide was present. The increase in peroxide activator requirement with increasing cyanide concentration closely paralleled the formation of the holoenzyme-cyanide complex. These effects of low levels of cyanide suggest that the heme prosthetic group of the synthase participates in the efficient activation of the cyclooxygenase by peroxide. Cyanide blocked the stimulation of cyclooxygenase velocity by phenol, but not the phenol-induced increase in overall oxygen consumption. This blockade by cyanide was noncompetitive with respect to phenol and was characterized by a KI of 4 mM. The higher KI value for this effect suggests that cyanide can also interact at a site other than the heme prosthetic group. The role of the heme prosthetic group in promoting efficient activation of the cyclooxygenase by peroxide appears to be central to the ability of the synthase to amplify the ambient peroxide concentration rapidly. PMID- 3920727 TI - Stimulation of calcium uptake in rat calvaria by prostacyclin. AB - Treatment of newborn rat calvaria discs with a variety of unsaturated fatty acids led to a 50% enhancement of calcium uptake. Arachidonic acid was effective at lower concentrations than cis-vaccenic or oleic acid, while trans-vaccenic acid and saturated fatty acids did not enhance calcium uptake. Cyclooxygenase inhibitors indomethacin and acetylsalicylic acid abolished the enhancement of calcium uptake seen in response to cis-vaccenic acid and inhibited calcium uptake by otherwise untreated bones. Prostacyclin was found to produce up to 2 fold stimulation of calcium uptake with an EC50 of approximately 0.1 microM. No statistically significant stimulation of calcium uptake was seen in response to PGE2 or PGE1 alpha up to 25 microM, while slight stimulation was produced by 6 keto PGE1 alpha but only at concentrations of 10 microM. Prostacyclin production by calvaria was demonstrated and was stimulated over 50% by cis-vaccenic acid. These results suggest that not only is enhanced prostacyclin production responsible for elevation of calcium uptake in response to unsaturated fatty acids, but also that prostacyclin may be an important regulator of bone calcium homeostasis. PMID- 3920728 TI - Arachidonic acid metabolic pathway of the rabbit placenta. AB - Placenta microsomes prepared from animals late in gestation (29 days) efficiently metabolize arachidonic acid into PGE2, PGF2 alpha, PGD2, TxA2 and little or no prostacyclin. In contrast to the late gestation placenta, the early (17 day) placental microsomes synthesize primarily PGE2. The cytosolic (100,000 X g supernatant) fraction from early or late gestation placentae converted arachidonic acid, with a calcium dependent enzyme, into non-polar metabolites whose synthesis was inhibited by ETYA but not indomethacin. These metabolites were purified by HPLC and GC-MS analysis indicated the presence of 12-hydroxy-, 15-hydroxy-, and 11-hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid. The mitochondrial (8,000 X g pellet) produced PGE2; PGF2 alpha; 12-, 11-, 15-HETE; the C-17 fragment HHT; and the unusual cyclooxygenase metabolite 15-keto-PGE2. These biologically active metabolites may play a vital role in the reproductive function of the placenta. PMID- 3920729 TI - Effects of 6-keto-prostaglandin E1 on ascitic hepatoma-130 in vivo comparison with chemotherapeutic agents. AB - The inhibitory effect of 6-keto-prostaglandin E1 (pGE1) on the growth and survival of ascitic hepatoma (AH-130) cells in vivo was compared with currently used chemotherapeutic agents. Three days after receiving an intraperitoneal injection of 3 X 10(6) AH-130 tumor cells, Donrhyu rats were injected intravenously or intraperitoneally with one of the following: Thromboxane B2 (TXB2) (0.5 mg/kg), 6-keto-pGE1 (0.5 mg/kg), Mitomycin C (MMC) (1.5 mg/kg), or MMC + 6-keto-pGE1 (1.5 mg/kg + 0.5 mg/kg). The mean survival time, median survival time, and increase of life survival percent (ILS%) during a 60 day period revealed that both 6-keto-pGE1 and 6-keto-pGE1 + MMC significantly inhibited AH-130 tumor cell growth, while TXB2 promoted tumor cell growth. We conclude that 6-keto-pGE1 like anti-tumor agents such as MMC, Diketocoriolin B, Carbazilquinon, Endoxan, and 5-Fluorouracil, can significantly inhibit growth of AH-130 tumor cells in vivo, particularly when administered in combination with the anti-tumor agent MMC. PMID- 3920730 TI - The effect of prostaglandins on the bioconversion of arachidonic acid in cervical tissue in early human pregnancy. AB - The aim of the present study was to investigate in late first trimester and early second trimester patients whether whole cell homogenates of cervical tissue incubated with 14C-arachidonic acid was affected by pretreatment for 12 to 14 hours with PGE2 and 9-deoxo- 16,16-dimethyl-9-methylene PGE2 (9-methylene PGE2). After extraction, purification and separation, identification of the compounds found during incubation was achieved using radio-gas liquid chromatography and gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Treatment with 9-methylene PGE2 accomplished a reduced production of 14C-labelled PGF2 alpha, -PGE2 and TxB2, while pretreatment with PGE2 induced increase in the production of 14C-6-keto PGF1 alpha when cervical tissue homogenates were compared with specimens obtained from non-pretreated patients. Recently we reported a significantly increased formation of so far unidentified metabolite(s) in homogenates of human cervical tissue specimens obtained at or near term when compared with corresponding specimens obtained during early pregnancy. With both types of prostaglandin pretreatment there was a tendency of increased formation of these metabolites. It seems possible that the influence on the biochemistry of cervical tissue induced by PGE2 and 9-methylene PGE2 is mediated via the endogenous arachidonic acid cascade towards non-prostaglandin compound(s). PMID- 3920731 TI - Know your rights. PMID- 3920732 TI - Orientation to community treatment model. PMID- 3920733 TI - Treatment of retinoblastoma by precision megavoltage radiation therapy. AB - The principal treatment concept in the Utrecht Retinoblastoma Centre is megavoltage irradiation, followed by light coagulation and/or cryotherapy if there is any doubt as to whether the residual tumour is still active. Radiation therapy is administered by means of a simple but highly accurate temporal beam technique. A standardized dose of 45 Gy is given in 15 fractions of 3 Gy at 3 fractions per week. From 1971 to 1982, 39 children with retinoblastoma have been irradiated in at least one eye. Of the 73 affected eyes, 18 were primarily enucleated, one received light coagulation only, and 54 received radiation therapy. Of the 54 irradiated eyes, 32 were additionally treated by light coagulation and/or cryotherapy for suspicious residual tumour (in 29 eyes), recurrent tumour (in 1 eye), and/or new tumour (in 3 eyes) and 10 were ultimately enucleated. Two eyes also received hyperthermia. The percentages of cure of the irradiated eyes with a minimum follow-up of 2 years were 100% (14/14), 100% (9/9), 83% (10/12), 79% (11/14) and 0% (0/5) in the Reese-Ellsworth groups I to V A, respectively. Of the saved eyes 95% achieved useful vision. Eighteen eyes developed a clinically detectable radiation cataract; in five of these the lens was aspirated. Cataracts developed exclusively in those lenses of which a posterior portion of more than 1 mm had to be included in the treatment field. The likelihood and the degree of cataract formation was found to be directly related to the dose of radiation to the germinative zone of the lens epithelium. The minimum cataractogenic dose found in this series was 8 Gy. PMID- 3920734 TI - Squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal: treatment by external beam irradiation. AB - External beam radiation therapy alone or in combination with curietherapy is the recommended treatment for anal canal carcinoma in some countries. In others, surgery is the sole accepted treatment. The results for 64 patients treated by external radiotherapy alone show excellent survival for stage T1T2 tumors but results are poor for large tumors (stage T4). The overall 5 year crude survival rate is 46%. The 5-year results are better for stage T1T2 (72%) than for stage T3T4 (35%). The presence of inguinal node involvement at first examination is a very poor prognostic sign. Local recurrences and metastases are infrequent for stage T1T2, but are more common for stage T3 and T4. Complications follow radiotherapy more frequently in those with stage T3 and T4 tumors. The analysis of local recurrences, complications and survival shows that radiation therapy may be sufficient treatment for stage T1 and T2 and for some stage T3 tumors. The importance of anal sphincter involvement and the poor quality of life for patients who are cured but develop complications, shows the need for combined treatment with surgery and perhaps with chemotherapy. For small tumors the results obtained by external radiotherapy alone are comparable with those obtained by external radiotherapy and curietherapy in terms of survival and complications. PMID- 3920735 TI - A neutron-photon treatment planning intercomparison. AB - In order to assess different treatment philosophies in different neutron therapy centres as well as to gauge the quality of neutron dose distributions relative to corresponding photon plans, a neutron-photon treatment planning intercomparison has been organized amongst the neutron therapy centres in Europe and the U.S.A. Treatment plans were compared for patients with a tumour in the floor of the mouth, a carcinoma of the base of the tongue and a large bladder carcinoma. A wide variety in treatment plans was received. This was mainly caused by the different assumptions on the treatment margin around the tumour and whether or not the lymph nodes should be irradiated electively. Within the same institute, however, similar types of plans were used for both the neutron and the photon irradiations. The homogeneity of the adsorbed dose over the target volume can be made almost the same for photon and neutron irradiations, although this may require a more complicated technique for neutron treatment. The relative absorbed dose to normal tissues was somewhat higher for the neutron treatment. There is an increased chance of the occurrence of a hot spot with the relatively low energy neutron beams compared to the photon beams. PMID- 3920736 TI - Effects of bencyclane on concussion following head injury in mice. AB - Bencyclane showed a dose-dependent anti-concussive effect with a duration of at least 60 minutes in an experimental model of concussion induced by head injury. This long-lasting effect cannot be explained only by the changes in the serum level of the agent or the increase in brain circulation due to its vasodilative action, both of which are of much shorter durations. Our findings suggest that bencyclane causes alterations in brain metabolism, which is partly responsible for reduction in the duration of the experimental concussion. PMID- 3920737 TI - Alteration by liquid protein diet of TRH and cyclo(His-Pro) in the young rat brain. AB - Effects of liquid protein diet (LPD), known to be poor in protein quality, on brain thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and histidylproline diketopiperazine (cyclo(His-Pro] were examined in young male rats. At day 23 of weaning, the animals were fed either a 20% casein diet ad libitum or a 20% LPD, or were pair fed with a 20% casein diet. They were decapitated at day 48. The body weight of those in the LPD and pair-fed groups decreased significantly, and the loss was sustained in comparison with that in the ad libitum group. Cyclo(His-Pro) concentrations in the whole brain were significantly greater in the LPD group than in the pair-fed and ad libitum groups, whereas its concentrations were similar in the pair-fed and ad libitum groups. No significant differences were observed in concentrations of brain TRH in the three groups. These findings indicate that quality of the protein component in the diet contributes to alterations in the neuropeptide, cyclo(His-Pro), in the young rat brain. PMID- 3920738 TI - The interaction of aortic glycosaminoglycans and 3H-inulin endothelial permeability in cholesterol induced rabbit atherogenesis. AB - Male Dutch-belted rabbits were fed a pelleted 0.5% cholesterol diet for 8 weeks. A control group was maintained on basal pelleted diet for the same period of time. Prior to sacrifice both groups received i.v. 3H-inulin. Plasma and aortic sections were assayed for 3H-inulin activity. Aortic sections were also analyzed for glycosaminoglycan concentrations. A ratio of the aortic 3H-inulin activity to the plasma 3H-inulin activity was calculated and expressed as a permeability index. Mean plasma activity of 3H-inulin was significantly lower in the control group, suggesting increased aortic permeability in the cholesterol-fed animals. Glycosaminoglycan concentrations were significantly higher in the control group, and significant negative correlations were detected between glycosaminoglycan concentrations and permeability index in all animals. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that sufficient glycosaminoglycan levels are important to maintaining the permeability characteristics of the endothelial layer. PMID- 3920739 TI - [Ventilatory responses to hypercapnia and hypoxia: the sexual difference and changes during the menstrual cycle]. PMID- 3920741 TI - The ventilatory and acid-base physiology of the toad, Bufo marinus, during exposure to environmental hyperoxia. AB - Bufo marinus which were exposed to a step increase of 330-350 torr O2 for a 20 h period ceased lung ventilations and buccal movements were markedly decreased. Toads which were sitting in water did not show elevations in PaCO2 or a depressed pHe but animals which were dehydrated for a 24 h period prior to high O2 exposure developed a mild acidosis, which, typical of most amphibian species, was uncompensated. PMID- 3920740 TI - [Blood-gas equilibration of CO2 in the lung during rebreathing]. PMID- 3920742 TI - Determination of blood concentration of valproic acid--a comparative study of methods. AB - The substrate labeled fluorescent immunoassay technique (SLFIA method) was examined in terms of clinical utility for the determination of blood levels of valproic acid (VPA) by comparing it to the enzyme-multiplied immunoassay technique (EMIT method). Both accuracy and precision were very high, and the correlation between the two was excellent (r = 0.985). Practically, the presence of hemoglobin in the sample had little influence on the accuracy. Results show that the SLFIA method is a useful means for the determination of blood concentration of VPA in epileptic patients. PMID- 3920743 TI - [Diminished regional cerebral blood flow during the intercritical period in temporal lobe epilepsy]. AB - Hemisphere and regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) were determined during interictal periods by intravenous Xenon 133 in 43 patients considered to have "temporal" epilepsy and presenting complex partial attacks with altered consciousness and lateralized EEG anomalies predominant in the temporal region. Brain scans were normal in all cases. Three subgroups were differentiated according to EEG and polygraphic examinations during sleep; temporal epilepsy with left or right EEG anomalies, with asynchronous bilateral EEG anomalies, with alternating labile unilateral EEG anomalies. Measurements of CBF were compared with those of normal subjects (n = 13) of comparable age and with those of epileptic patients with cerebral lesions on CT scan (n = 4). In epileptics with left EEG anomalies CBF was diminished by about 25 p. 100 in the left temporal region and from 15 to 22 p. 100 in other regions of the ipsi- and contralateral hemisphere. In epileptics with right EEG anomalies CBF was diminished by 20 p. 100 in the right temporal region but not on the left. CBF in the third group was comparable to that of normal subjects. In epileptics with abnormal CT scans the reduction in CBF could be correlated with EEG and CT scan findings. Studies were also conducted to determine variations in reactivity to CO2 in the areas with reduced flow, during ictal and interictal periods. Results emphasize the value of CBF measurements for investigation of epileptic foci. The importance of areas of reduced blood flow as a parameter of severity and course is discussed, as well as their pathophysiological significance. PMID- 3920744 TI - [Hashimoto's thyroiditis and myoclonic encephalopathy. Pathogenic hypothesis]. AB - A 49 year old caucasian female with Hashimoto thyroiditis, developed during two years a neurological disorder with tonic-clonic and myoclonic seizures and confusional states. Some attacks were followed by a transient postictal aphasia. Some parallelism was noted between the clinical state and TSH levels. Neurological events disappeared with the normalisation of thyroid functions. This association of Hashimoto thyroiditis and myoclonic encephalopathy has been rarely published. Pathogenesis could be double. Focal signs could be due to an auto immune mechanism, perhaps through a vasculitis. A non-endocrine central action could explain diffuse signs: tonic-clonic seizures, myoclonus and confusional episodes. PMID- 3920745 TI - [Neural tube malformations in children of mothers treated with sodium valproate]. PMID- 3920747 TI - [Preparation of the operating field]. PMID- 3920746 TI - Effect of antibiotics on adherence of microorganisms to epithelial cell surfaces. AB - Microbial adherence to epithelial cell surfaces has been implicated as the first step in the initiation of several infectious diseases. Subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotics affect the adherence properties of microorganisms in various ways. They can inhibit the expression of fimbriae and the synthesis of other surface components, and they may also cause the release of constituents from the cell. The ability of antibiotics to affect the properties of microbial adherence to cell surfaces may be an important criterion in selecting an antibiotic for therapy. PMID- 3920749 TI - With DRGs, blow your own horn. PMID- 3920748 TI - Multiple venous and arterial thromboses associated with the lupus anticoagulant and antibodies to cardiolipin in the absence of SLE. AB - A 53-year-old man with a history of multiple venous thromboses presented with widespread occlusions of the abdominal arterial system associated with the presence of the "lupus anticoagulant" and antibodies to cardiolipin in serum. There was no serological evidence of systemic lupus erythematosus and vasculitis of the affected vessels was not evident on post mortem examination. The presence of these antibodies, associated with a tendency to thrombosis, positive anti nuclear factor and cryoglobulinaemia were the only indicators of an "auto-immune" disturbance in this patient. PMID- 3920750 TI - Lithium salts in alcohol addiction therapy. PMID- 3920751 TI - Presence of Lactobacillus casei in saliva from children and adults using a new medium. AB - The aim of this study was to devise a medium for cultivation of L. casei and to compare the presence of L. casei in saliva from children and adults. The new medium was produced by omitting the sugars from Rogosa SL agar medium and supplementing this medium with melezitose. Although all tested strains of lactobacilli grew on the new medium, the facultatively homofermentative lactobacilli, L. casei and L. plantarum, could be identified by a typical colonial morphology. L. casei was the most common species of oral lactobacilli in saliva from children and made up a significantly higher proportion of the salivary lactobacillus flora in children than in adults. PMID- 3920752 TI - [Intranasal TRH for the stimulation of hypophyseal and thyroid reserves. Preliminary report]. AB - Intranasal, intravenous and oral TRH have been compared in 9 healthy volunteers. Intranasal administration of TRH leads to excellent stimulation of pituitary TSH secretion. Serum TSH levels are significantly higher than after intravenous TRH (p less than 0.005) and lower than after oral TRH (p less than 0.005). As with intravenous TRH, peak TSH response is reached at 20-30 minutes, but the stimulatory effect is prolonged and elevated TSH levels can be measured for up to 3 hours. Stimulation of T3 and free T4 at 3 hours is comparable in all three administration forms of TRH. The practical advantages of the intranasal route are that no intravenous injection is necessary, overnight fasting is not required and the duration of the test is short (30 minutes, in contrast to 3 hours in the oral test). PMID- 3920753 TI - [To what extent do indications for or questioning of the 24-hour ECG in ambulatory practice correlate with established ECG findings?]. AB - In 1312 patients the Holter 24-h ECG method served to detect 3190 abnormalities of the cardiac rhythm (mean 2.43 different types of arrhythmia per patient), and were classified into 14 arrhythmia groups. The main groups of indications for Holter ECG were classified as follows: palpitation; syncopes, dizziness; life threatening arrhythmias. The positivity of the test correlated extremely well with the severity of the clinical symptoms: if syncope or dizziness were the indications for Holter ECG, abnormalities were found in 57%; if life-threatening arrhythmias were suspected, abnormalities were found in 54.7% of the patients. PMID- 3920754 TI - [Primary colon tuberculosis]. AB - Two cases of primary gastrointestinal tuberculosis are reported. One patient showed radiologic, colonoscopic and histopathologic features of Crohn's disease. After a five-year follow-up, acid-fast bacilli were identified in colonic tissue cultures. In both patients fecal cultures were repeatedly negative for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The two patients were successfully treated with antituberculous therapy. The authors emphasize the importance of considering tuberculosis in patients presenting with Crohn's disease. In this regard colonoscopy with tissue culture of targeted biopsy may be a valuable aid in establishing the diagnosis of tuberculous colitis. PMID- 3920755 TI - [2-dimensional electrophoresis of cerebrospinal fluid in various neurological patients]. AB - At present two-dimensional (2D) electrophoresis is the best method of resolution for separating complex protein mixtures, and this method has been successfully adapted for resolving CSF proteins. CSF from over 200 patients with a wide spectrum of neurological diseases were analyzed by 2D electrophoresis in addition to agarose electrophoresis. After a 2D run several hundred fractions of proteins were obtained. By perfecting this method the authors have succeeded in demonstrating oligoclonal zone patterns not previously described in the light chain region of the immunoglobulins in CSF samples. All patients with definite diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS), and also other diseases such as neurolues, myelitis, herpes zoster, etc. showed particular oligoclonal zone patterns. This experience indicates that the detection of oligoclonal zones in the region of the Ig-light chain is of major diagnostic significance. Moreover, the region of the so-called "CSF-specific" proteins deserves special attention. PMID- 3920756 TI - [Microbiological problems of meat and meat product packaging in flexible packing materials]. PMID- 3920757 TI - Thyroid function in patients with rheumatic heart disease. AB - Thyroid function was assessed in 94 patients with rheumatic heart disease presenting consecutively to a cardiology clinic. Despite previous reports of an association with autoimmune thyroid disease, abnormal thyroid function occurred no more commonly in this group than would be anticipated in a normal population. PMID- 3920758 TI - Adsorption and desorption of polydimethylsiloxane, PCBs, cadmium nitrate, copper sulfate, nickel sulfate and zinc nitrate by river surface sediments. AB - An investigation into the adsorption and desorption of polydimethylsiloxane, PCBs, cadmium nitrate, copper sulfate, nickel nitrate and zinc nitrate by river sediments was carried out using either a flow-through system or a semi-static system. The material balance in the sediment compartment could be explained by the equation, dCs/dT= K1Cw-K2Cs. The adsorption rate constants (K1), desorption rate constants (K2) and concentration factors (K1/K2) were calculated. For hydrophobic chemicals, the K1's were independent of water solubility, but the K2's were relatively related to water solubility. For both hydrophobic chemicals and heavy metals, the concentration factors per fraction organic carbon were similar to the soil sorption coefficients (Koc), expressed on a organic carbon basis. PMID- 3920759 TI - Studies of the kallikrein-kinin system and prostaglandins in epithelial ion transport. AB - Tissue kallikrein of colon mucosa is synthesized rapidly, and this synthetic process can now be examined in relation to hormonal or dietary manipulations or pathological circumstances that affect intestinal ion transport. Although the identical renal tissue enzyme is known to be enriched in membranes of distal convoluted tubular epithelial cells, the precise localization of the intestinal enzyme is uncertain. An understanding of the intestinal cellular locale of kallikrein will help in defining its local role. That tissue kallikreins can be inhibited by monovalent cations and some drugs (e.g., amiloride) and that kallikrein inhibitors affect cation transport across epithelial surfaces containing such enzymes must be reconciled with the new observations of kinin induced chloride secretion. Extracellular calcium, eicosanoid synthesis, and cyclic nucleotide production are involved in the secretory response to kinins, although an absolute requirement for intact eicosanoid synthesis may not exist. PMID- 3920760 TI - Amphotericin B enhances efficiency of DNA-mediated gene transfer in mammalian cells. AB - Using plasmids containing the genes for thymidine kinase (tk) and neomycin resistance (neo), we have shown that DNA-mediated genotypic transformation of L and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells is increased several-fold by the presence of the sterol-binding polyene antibiotic, amphotericin. Transformation into the same host cells, using genomic DNA, was also enhanced by amphotericin. Phenotypic expression of beta-galactosidase activity of a plasmid containing the gene for the enzyme was also markedly elevated when the antibiotic was added at transfection. Other sterol-binding polyene antibiotics also showed activity in these DNA-mediated gene transfer assays. PMID- 3920761 TI - Increase in clonal variation in Chinese hamster ovary cells after treatment with mutagens. AB - Clonal variation has been studied in CHO cells. The variant phenotype was an altered morphology of clones in agar: the parental CHO cells give rise to solid clumps of cells (wild-type colonies); occasionally, dispersed colonies arise, and the cells display an invasive growth in agar (INGA-type colonies). The frequency of this altered phenotype can be enhanced by treatment with a variety of mutagens (EMS, ENU, 4NQO, N-Ac-AAF, ultraviolet light, and X-irradiation). Enhancement was not due to a selective killing of wild-type cells or to a side-effect of cytotoxicity, which suggests that DNA damage is the cause of the altered phenotype. The INGA-trait breeds true, but most of the isolated clones have an inherent instability. PMID- 3920762 TI - Total parenteral nutrition by peripheral venous infusion in patients with oesophageal carcinoma. AB - The safety and efficacy of pre-operative intravenous feeding using a peripheral venous infusion technique was evaluated in 15 black patients with oesophageal carcinoma. Energy requirements were based on individual energy expenditure at rest calculated from oxygen consumption and the respiratory quotient. Patients received 7 600 non-protein kJ and 9,4 g nitrogen daily for 14 days. Although no measurable improvements in nutritional status were noted after intravenous feeding, peripheral venous alimentation using the dual energy system proved an effective method of preventing progressive weight loss and depletion of the lean body cell mass. The infusion technique was safe and without serious metabolic or infectious complications. Total parenteral nutrition by peripheral venous infusion is a viable alternative to the central venous approach in patients with oesophageal carcinoma when their clinical and metabolic status demands early establishment of a positive nitrogen balance. PMID- 3920763 TI - Ventilation monitors and alarms. AB - In this review we present a proposed classification of the various types of ventilation monitors and failure alarms used in anaesthetic practice. Each monitoring method is then discussed individually and the advantages and disadvantages are evaluated. PMID- 3920765 TI - Bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis in childhood. Clinical and radiological features. AB - Over a 4-year period 185 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis in children were confirmed by culture of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, usually from gastric aspirate. The majority of cases occurred in boys (62%) and the younger age groups were more commonly affected--26% of patients were less than 1 year old and 65% less than 3 years of age. At the time of presentation 40% of the 151 children tested had a negative tuberculin test. A chest radiograph was available in 136 cases. The commonest changes seen were lymphadenopathy (63%) and segmental lesions (56%). The latter affected mainly the right lung and in particular the right middle lobe. Cavitating tuberculous disease was present in 19 children, including 5 aged less than 1 year. PMID- 3920764 TI - Myocardial ischaemia during tachycardia--not due to an increase in myocardial oxygen demand. AB - It is generally believed that an increase in heart rate will be accompanied by an increase in myocardial oxygen demand (MVO2), but in a recent publication this concept has been challenged; we present data supporting the view that an increase in heart rate is not necessarily accompanied by an increase in MVO2. Our data are based on studies on dogs in five phases: (a) normal coronary arteries; (i) with normal heart rate; (ii) with tachycardia induced by a pacemaker; and (iii) with normal heart rate; and (b) with a constricted left anterior descending coronary artery: (i) with normal heart rate; and (ii) with induced tachycardia. MVO2 remained unchanged both per beat and per unit of time. Neither global nor regional myocardial function in the area supplied by the constricted artery changed during tachycardia. The reason for myocardial ischaemia should therefore not be attributed to an increase in MVO2 if the diameter of the heart is not increased, and attention should rather be focused on inadequate diastolic perfusion time and possible redistribution of blood from the potentially ischaemic zone. PMID- 3920767 TI - Penicillinase producing strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Pretoria. PMID- 3920766 TI - Experimental evaluation of the prophylactic and therapeutic effects of hydrocortisone in haemorrhagic shock. AB - The prophylactic and therapeutic effects of hydrocortisone (50 mg/kg) in severe haemorrhagic shock were evaluated by metabolic, biochemical and haematological investigations in a rabbit model. It was found that administration of hydrocortisone prior to severe haemorrhage had no beneficial effect on any of the values measured. Owing to haemoconcentration and marked mobilization of leucocytes it would appear that in pretreated animals the magnitude of the hypoxia was increased and led to greater tissue damage and higher levels of lysosomal enzymes than in rabbits which had not received pretreatment with hydrocortisone. On the other hand, hydrocortisone therapy combined with volume replacement 1 hour after the haemorrhagic insult had several beneficial effects. The metabolic capacity of liver and kidney tissues was improved, the lysosomal concentration remained within normal limits, and the mean blood pressure and pulse pressure were maintained better than in controls. However, it would appear that this beneficial effect is only exerted on tissue still in a reversible state of shock. There is therefore no beneficial effect on lung tissue metabolism, the lungs being more sensitive to hypoxic damage than either liver or kidney tissue. Administration of hydrocortisone results in the immediate release of endotoxins into the circulation. This might be due to its vasodilatory action on the microcirculation of the intestinal viscera. PMID- 3920768 TI - Benign extrinsic oesophageal dysphagia. Case reports. AB - Six patients with benign extrinsic oesophageal dysphagia are presented, 4 with dysphagia aortica and 1 each with dysphagia due to cervical osteophytes and traction diverticulum. The radiological features of these cases are discussed. It is emphasized that such cases form a small but significant entity. PMID- 3920769 TI - Severe hypoglycaemia during glibenclamide therapy. PMID- 3920770 TI - Misoprostol, a synthetic prostaglandin E1 analogue, in the treatment of duodenal ulcers. A double-blind, cimetidine-controlled trial. AB - The effects of two dosage levels of a synthetic prostaglandin E1 analogue, misoprostol, and cimetidine on short-term duodenal ulcer healing were compared in a double-blind, endoscopically controlled 4-week study. The 66 adult patients were randomly divided into three groups, receiving either misoprostol 200 micrograms 4 times a day, misoprostol 50 micrograms 4 times a day or cimetidine 300 mg 4 times a day. Rates of healing were comparable in the three groups, with complete healing in 62% of those patients receiving cimetidine and high-dose misoprostol. Patients whose ulcers had healed were then followed up for a further 6 months in order to assess recurrence rates. Relapse rates were significantly higher in the cimetidine-treated group (85% within 6 months) than in the misoprostol-treated groups (50% in the low-dose and 38% in the high-dose group). PMID- 3920771 TI - Periappendicitis and chlamydial salpingitis. AB - Periappendicitis seems to be a novel manifestation of infections with Chlamydia trachomatis. In seven of 112 women with laparoscopically verified acute salpingitis, secondary appendicitis was diagnosed and histologically confirmed. The genital tract in all seven patients harbored Chlamydia trachomatis but not Neisseria gonorrhoeae. The fallopian tubes should be scrutinized when an inflamed appendix is removed from a sexually active woman. Signs of salpingitis should then lead to appropriate microbiologic, therapeutic and epidemiologic measures, including contact tracing. PMID- 3920772 TI - A new tube for simultaneous gastric decompression and jejunal alimentation. AB - A new tube has been devised for simultaneous gastric decompression and jejunal enteral alimentation. The tube is inserted by the nasogastric route intraoperatively. What differentiates this from earlier tubes is the addition of two inflatable balloons that facilitate passage of the tip of the tube through the retroperitoneal duodenum and into the proximal jejunum. Such a device is needed because the advantages of enteral alimentation in the postoperative patient include safety, low cost and significant metabolic benefits. PMID- 3920773 TI - Cerebral hemodynamics in patients with moyamoya disease. A study of regional cerebral blood flow by the 133Xe inhalation method. AB - Regional cerebral blood flow was measured by the 133Xe inhalation method in 20 young patients with moyamoya disease and five young healthy volunteers. Most patients showed low values of mean hemispheric blood flow in both hemispheres. Regional cerebral blood flow was at a low value in the upper frontal region and at an almost average value in the posterotemporal and occipital regions, which was different from the "hyperfrontal" pattern in healthy volunteers. Regional cerebral blood flow was reduced evenly by hyperventilation. By 5% CO2 inhalation, regional cerebral blood flow was increased in the temporooccipital regions and was nearly unchanged or decreased in the frontal region. PMID- 3920774 TI - Neural tube defects caused by local anesthetics in early chick embryos. AB - The effects of local anesthetics (ketamine HCl, lidocaine HCl, procaine HCl, and tetracaine HCl) on stage 8 (four-somite) chick embryos were investigated. In general, embryos responded to drug treatment in a dose-related manner during the first 6 hr of incubation. Concentrations of 500 micrograms/ml (ca. 2 mM) or higher were embryolethal, whereas 100-200 micrograms/ml (0.1-0.8 mM) preferentially inhibited elevation of neural folds. The latter effect was detectable within 3 hr of treatment and was readily reversible. Tetracaine was the most potent among the four local anesthetics tested at any given dose. Compared to controls, cells in the defective neuroepithelium were less elongated and exhibited smoother apical (luminal) surfaces, thinner microfilament bundles, and less intense actin-specific fluorescence. Furthermore, the effects of local anesthetics (100-200 micrograms/ml) on stage 8 chick embryos were not identical to those of cytochalasin D (0.05 micrograms/ml), colchicine (1 microgram/ml), or ionophore A23187 (25 micrograms/ml), although all treatments produced neural tube defects. Overall results suggest that local anesthetics inhibit closure of the neural tube through their disruptive action on the organization and function of microfilaments in developing neuroepithelial cells. PMID- 3920775 TI - The influence of LMW heparin on the coagulation and fibrinolytic response to surgery. AB - The response of components of the coagulation and fibrinolytic systems has been examined in patients undergoing minor and major elective surgery and receiving or not receiving subcutaneously administered prophylactic low molecular weight (LMW) heparin. Blood samples were withdrawn pre-operation (PO), post-anaesthesia (PA), during operation (DO) and 24 hours post-operation. Release of plasminogen activator occurred post anaesthesia at a time when factor VIII components were unchanged or decreased. Induction of anaesthesia decreased plasminogen (p less than 0.005) fibrinogen (p less than 0.02) ATIII (p less than 0.002) and fast a2 antiplasmin (p less than 0.005). During operation plasminogen activator release reached a peak in association with a moderate increase in factor VIII components. Heparin treatment produced a prolongation of APTT at DO (p less than 0.05) and at 24hr (p less than 0.002) stages, this prolongation being apparently unrelated to its concentration but did not prevent the rise of factor VIII components observed at 24 hr (p less than 0.02). Prekallikrein (p less than 0.05) and antithrombin III levels (p less than 0.05) were significantly higher whereas fast a2 antiplasmin (p less than 0.002) was significantly lower at 24 hours in patients undergoing major operation and treated with heparin. Protein C levels fell significantly at 24 hours in the untreated patient (p less than 0.014) and in the heparin treated group the fall was greater than the control group (p less than 0.007). At 24 hours other haemostatic and fibrinolytic components were unaffected by heparin treatment. PMID- 3920776 TI - A new function for activated protein C: activated protein C prevents inhibition of plasminogen activators by releasate from mononuclear leukocytes--platelet suspensions stimulated by phorbol diester. AB - Mononuclear leukocytes release an inhibitor of plasminogen activators. Mononuclear leukocyte mixtures (400 to 1,000/mm3) lysed fibrin (8.3 microM) clots in the presence of plasminogen (0.58 microM). Anti-urokinase IgG (0.16 microM) inhibited this fibrinolysis. 2-Deoxyglucose (5 mM) and oligomycin (2.3 microM) also inhibited fibrinolysis. Incubation of mononuclear leukocytes (3,200/microliter) with phorbol-12 myristate 13-acetate (20 nM) for ten minutes at 37 degrees C aggregated the monocyte and platelet components and inhibited fibrinolysis. The releasate from these stimulated cells in dilutions ranging from undiluted to 1:16 inhibited urokinase (1.6 pM) and tissue plasminogen activator (1.4 pM). This releasate did not inhibit plasmin (2.5 nM). Incubation of this releasate with activated protein C (33 nM to 333 nM) for ten minutes at 37 degrees C before addition of either urokinase, or tissue plasminogen activator and plasminogen completely prevented this inhibition. Thrombin, factor Xa, DIP activated protein C had no affect on this inhibition. We conclude that activated protein C facilitates fibrinolysis by preventing inhibition of plasminogen activators. This may be a mechanism by which activated protein C increases fibrinolytic activity in vivo. PMID- 3920777 TI - Inhibition of platelet adhesion to aortic subendothelium by indomethacin--an effect unrelated to inhibition of arachidonic acid metabolism. PMID- 3920778 TI - Differential inhibition of platelet thromboxane and lung prostacyclin production by sulphinpyrazone, acetylsalicylic acid and indomethacin by human tissues in vitro. AB - To compare the inhibition of human platelet and lung cyclo-oxygenases by sulphinpyrazone (SP), acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and indomethacin, we investigated their effects on platelet thromboxane A2 (TxA2) production during spontaneous clotting and on prostacyclin (PGI2) and TxA2 productions of superfused minced human lung. The synthesis of proaggregatory, vasoconstricting TxA2 and antiaggregatory, vasodilating PGI2 were evaluated by measuring the concentration of their stable metabolites thromboxane B2 (TxB2) and 6-keto prostaglandin F1 alpha respectively, by radioimmunoassays. The basal platelet TxB2 production was 241.0 +/- 56.3 ng/ml (mean +/- SEM, n = 12). The concentrations needed for 50% inhibition of this production (IC50) were 41.3 mumol/l for sulphinpyrazone, 6.3 mumol/1 for ASA and 0.094 mumol/l for indomethacin. The lung generated 23.8 +/- 5.5 ng/g/min (mean +/- SEM, n = 6) of 6 keto-PGF1 alpha and 8.5 +/- 1.8 ng/g/min of TxB2. The IC50 values for pulmonary 6 keto-PGF1 alpha and TxB2 productions were 530.0 mumol/l for SP, 370.0 mumol/l for ASA and 50.0 mumol/l for indomethacin. Thus pulmonary cyclo-oxygenase, presumably originating from endothelial cells, was 13, 59, and 532 times more resistant to these prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors (PGI's) than platelet cyclo-oxygenase. These data suggest that there are considerable differences in the concentration ranges of various PGI's by which the PGI2/TxA2 balance can be shifted to a dominance of PGI2. PMID- 3920779 TI - Systemic effects of BRL 26921 during thrombolytic treatment of acute myocardial infarction. AB - The effects of BRL 26921, an active-site acylated streptokinase-plasminogen complex, on the fibrinolytic and coagulation systems were studied in 13 patients treated for acute myocardial infarction with a short intravenous infusion of 30 mg of the new drug. In 12/13 patients (92%) significant changes were observed in the concentrations of fibrinogen, fibrin(ogen) degradation products, plasminogen, alpha 2-antiplasmin and F VIII:C; all changes indicating a substantial degree of systemic fibrinolysis. In only one patient were no signs of systemic activation of the fibrinolytic system observed. The therapeutic efficacy of the drug was 85% in this study. PMID- 3920780 TI - [Non-somatic functions at a hospital divided into 3 parts in Norway. 4 months of case material from the Medical Department, Kirkenes Hospital]. PMID- 3920781 TI - [Perforation of a jejunal diverticulum]. PMID- 3920782 TI - [Effects of growth-stimulating agents and furazolidone in broiler chicks]. AB - The effect of growth-stimulating agents (15 ppm of virginiamycin, 10 ppm of avoparcin and 12 ppm of nitrovin) and that of seven days' treatment with 300 ppm of furazolidone on the performance of broilers was studied in an experimental study of 9,600 animals. Furazolidone was fed in either the fourth or the fifth week of life and combined with virginiamycin or nitrovin. Non-significant improvements in growth were observed when virginiamycin (1.5 per cent), avoparcin (0.7 per cent) and nitrovin (0.7 per cent) were administered. Treatment with furazolidone for seven days resulted in substantial retardation of growth. When broilers were treated during the fourth week of life, the retardation of growth was largely compensated for during the other two weeks. Treatment in the fifth week of life resulted in lower weights prior to slaughter. Therefore, care should be taken in recommending treatment with furazolidone at the end of the fattening period of broilers. PMID- 3920783 TI - An overview of DRG regulations--the impact of changing reimbursement patterns. PMID- 3920784 TI - Medical staff relations and physician practice in the DRG environment. PMID- 3920785 TI - Cost accounting strategies under prospective payment system. PMID- 3920786 TI - Medical records: a new challenge under prospective DRG reimbursement. PMID- 3920787 TI - Information systems implications of DRGs and prospective payment. PMID- 3920788 TI - Upgrading financial planning and reporting in response to DRG requirements. PMID- 3920789 TI - Myths and maths of DRGs. PMID- 3920790 TI - Red cell alloantibodies in thalassemia major. Results of an Italian cooperative study. AB - Clinical and serological data on 1435 Italian thalassemia major patients were collected during a cooperative study involving 19 centers in 10 regions. The main findings were as follows: 18 percent of the patients were under 6 years of age, 63 percent between 6 and 15, and 19 percent over 15. Forty-one percent had undergone splenectomy. Sixty-two percent of the patients were maintained at pretransfusion hemoglobin levels higher than 10 g per dl, 36 percent between 8 and 10 g per dl, and 2 percent below 8 g per dl. Overall, 5.2 percent of the patients had clinically significant red cell alloantibodies (136 alloantibodies in 74 patients). One-half of the immunized patients had more than one and one fourth had more than two alloantibodies. The specificities of the 136 alloantibodies were almost exclusively confined to the common antigens of the Rh, Kell, Kidd, and Duffy systems, in that decreasing order of frequency. The antibody screening procedure, using a low-ionic-strength solution antiglobulin test against a three-red-cell panel and the patient's own red cells (autocontrol) with a serum to cell ratio of 100 to 1 was shown to be an adequate technique for red cell antibody detection. PMID- 3920791 TI - Microtest for red cell typing. AB - A simple microtest for red cell (RBC) typing was developed which required 0.002 ml of reagents per test. After mixing RBCs with antibody, the microtray was incubated upside down for 10 to 15 minutes at 37 degrees C, and 10 minutes at room temperature. The trays were read after reinversion and allowing 10 to 15 minutes for the RBCs to settle. Antibodies must be selected that react under these conditions. Two examples each of anti-A, -B, -C, -D, -E, -c, -M, and -N were tested against a panel of 500 individuals. The results were generally concordant with each other and with the conventional tube test results. The procedure is simple to perform and involves minimal costs for reagent antisera. PMID- 3920792 TI - Non-A, non-B hepatitis associated with blood transfusion. AB - Posttransfusion hepatitis of the non-A, non-B variety continues to be a significant problem in current hemotherapy. This disorder is many times more common than transfusion-associated disease caused by hepatitis B virus, cytomegalovirus, and Epstein-Barr virus, and also seems to be viral in origin. Several potential etiological agents have been implicated, but none has been identified with certainty, despite concerted efforts at doing so. Clinical disease is usually attended by few symptoms and signs, but evolution to chronic liver disease is distressingly common; over 50 percent of all cases of non-A, non B posttransfusion hepatitis manifest this transition. Efforts at prevention of non-A, non-B hepatitis associated with blood transfusion have thus far been hampered by the lack of reliable laboratory markers for carriers of this disease, and controversy exists over the implementation of screening tests on blood donors, using such nonspecific indicators of possible viral carriage as serum alanine aminotransferase levels. It is probable, however, that simple measures such as more restrained blood usage, encouraged by greater educational efforts within the medical community, could be beneficial in minimizing the number of new cases of non-A, non-B posttransfusion hepatitis seen each year in the United States. PMID- 3920793 TI - Diagnostic and therapeutic implications of T cell surface antigens. PMID- 3920794 TI - Long-term cardiac and pulmonary histology in primates following combined heart and lung transplantation. AB - To investigate the long-term histologic consequences of combined heart and lung transplantation, heart and lung biopsies were obtained from six rhesus monkeys; two had undergone heart-lung autotransplantation 3.5 and 4.5 years previously, two were the recipients of heart-lung allografts 4.1 and 4.5 years previously, and the results were compared with two normal control animals. Cyclosporine had been used as maintenance immunosuppression in the allograft group. The heart and lung biopsies in the autograft animals were essentially normal. Dense adhesions were noted in the allografts, adn in one the visceral pleura was grossly thickened. Cardiac biopsies in the allografts were unimpressive, with a normal myocardium in one, and minimal interstitial fibrosis in the other. Intimal hyperplasia was present in the pulmonary arterioles of one of the allografted animals. Focal scarring was present in the lung of one allograft recipient, and the other animal showed severe thickening and fibrosis of the alveolar septae, as well as marked interstitial fibrosis such that large areas of the specimen were replaced by connective tissue. Histologic abnormalities in the allografted lungs correlated with the abnormal hemodynamics in these animals reported in a previous study. It is suggested that the histologic appearances in the lung are a consequence of chronic rejection, and that these findings may become a significant problem in human heart-lung transplant recipients. PMID- 3920795 TI - Procoagulant activity in renal transplant recipients. AB - Procoagulant activity (PCA) of leukocytes of renal transplant recipients was studied. This material, which activates coagulation, has previously been shown to be released from macrophages after they interact with mitogen-stimulated or antigen-stimulated T lymphocytes. Under endotoxin-free conditions, PCA of peripheral blood leukocytes, incubated for 90 min in tissue culture, was elevated in postoperative transplant recipients and in many transplant patients tested around the time of a rejection episode. The response to lipopolysaccharide added during culture was also increased in these populations. The PCA response was factor-VII-dependent when tested with washed peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), but was factor-VII-independent when tested with unwashed PBMC in their original culture medium. The results indicate a possible link between immunologic events and coagulation in transplant recipients. PMID- 3920796 TI - Mediation of the antiproliferative effect of cyclosporine on human lymphocytes by blockade of interleukin 2 biosynthesis. AB - Normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were cultured with phytohemagglutinin-P (PHAP) and cyclosporine (CsA) to investigate the mode of action of CsA on cellular proliferation. CsA at 1 microgram/ml exerted a marked inhibitory effect on PBMC responsiveness to PHAP. An antiproliferative effect of CsA was observed at the inductive phase of the cell cycle, but the drug was ineffective when it was added to cultures 24 hr after stimulation. In parallel with this inhibitory effect interleukin 2 (IL-2) production was inhibited. In contrast, IL-2 receptor was expressed on the CsA-treated cells, and the antiproliferative influence of the drug was completely reversed by addition of highly purified human IL-2 to the CsA-treated cells. Exogenous IL-2, however, did not restore cellular capacity to produce IL-2. This study suggests that CsA acts by inhibiting IL-2 production (via blockade of IL-2 gene expression) rather than by preventing the expression of the IL-2 receptor. PMID- 3920797 TI - Analysis of T cell function using cyclosporine: graft rejection by T cells involves lymphokine release. PMID- 3920798 TI - Pancreatic islet transplantation across partial major histocompatibility complex barriers. PMID- 3920799 TI - Reversal of diabetes by proislet isotransplantation. PMID- 3920800 TI - [Auranofin (Ridaura). A peroral gold salt]. PMID- 3920801 TI - [Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in children and adults]. AB - This report gives a review of the few known collections of cases in the world literature. There is an incidence of 6% and 25% in CPN and pyonephrosis respectively. Morphologic sign of XGP is a high degree of destruction of parenchyma and replacement by characteristic granuloma. The function of these kidneys is always markedly and irreversibly damaged. Comprehensive description of special pathologic anatomy, pathogenesis, diagnostics, and operative indication. We show two typical cases in adults, setting an example, and report about five own cases in children, after examining all nephrectomy specimens from 1968 to 1983. We present the age distribution in all reported cases in children and suggest a morphologic and topographic staging classification of XGP. PMID- 3920802 TI - DES lead-in to use of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analogs in treatment of metastatic carcinoma of prostate. AB - Luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) analogs have been shown to be an effective alternative endocrine treatment of metastatic prostatic carcinoma. After a transient stimulation of testosterone (T) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) during the first week of therapy, continued administration of LHRH analogs has reliably suppressed serum androgens to castrate levels. About 10 per cent of previously untreated patients begun on LHRH therapy will experience transient worsening of disease symptoms corresponding to the initial rise in androgen levels. In an attempt to eliminate the early rise of T and DHT, 9 patients with metastatic prostatic carcinoma were pretreated with diethylstilbestrol (DES), 3 mg/day, for one week prior to the initiation of LHRH therapy. Following this, both DES and LHRH were given concomitantly for a week, after which DES was discontinued. LHRH was then continued as long as patients experienced clinical benefit. T and DHT levels were performed pre-study and on days 4, 8-11, 13, 15, and 29 of study. Results indicate that pretreatment with DES did not completely prevent the rise in T and DHT seen during the first week of LHRH therapy, although T and DHT levels rose to only slightly above baseline during the first four days. T and DHT levels then markedly decreased, and castrate levels were achieved by day 29 of treatment. PMID- 3920803 TI - Cost-effective treatment of female stress urinary incontinence: modified Pereyra bladder neck suspension. AB - We herein report on the cost effectiveness of the modified Pereyra bladder neck suspension (MPBNS) compared with the Marshall-Marchetti-Krantz (MMK) retropubic suspension procedure. A total of 82 cases was reviewed retrospectively. The MPBNS was found to provide a 41 per cent cost savings with significantly shorter duration of intravenous fluid administration, shorter duration of postoperative indwelling catheter drainage, shorter operative time, and significantly shorter postoperative hospitalization. Early postoperative intermittent catheterization was a major factor in facilitating early discharge after MPBNS. PMID- 3920804 TI - Surgical techniques for the liver and biliary tract. AB - Surgical treatment of hepatic and biliary disease requires a thorough knowledge of pertinent anatomy and pathophysiology. Proper attention to both preoperative and postoperative care is important. This article describes many of the more common surgical manipulations of the liver and biliary tract, as well as pre- and postoperative considerations. PMID- 3920805 TI - [Dynamics and diagnostic use of ALP activity in the blood of cattle exposed to a temperature of 56 degrees C]. AB - Possibilities of the diagnostic utilization of determined thermostable portion of the ALP activity in bovine serum were studied. The work is based on the finding that the total ALP activity is formed by two fractions with different sensitivity to the temperature of 56 degrees C. Dynamics of the loss of ALP activity during serum heating was of an equal character in all four tested groups. The loss was always highest during the first minutes of heating, after 15 to 20 minutes it became equal. A period of 15 minutes of the serum heating is sufficient for obtaining information on the size of the ALP thermostable fraction. The ALP activity and its residue after 15-minute thermal inhibition (thermostable portion) were tested in the sera of 163 head of cattle divided into seven groups. The size of this residue was related to the age of animals, degree of gravidity did not affect the residue. The thermostable portion in 6 to 10 months old bullocks was 14.86 +/- 4.93%, in 2.5 to 5 years old heifers 41.20 +/- 20.37% and in clinically healthy dairy cows 54.35 +/- 18.26%. In a group of calved breeding cows 44.13 +/- 19.74% of the initial activity remained. Determination of the thermostable ALP fraction can be applied with certain limitation in pre-clinical diagnostics of disorders of mineral metabolism in bones of cattle. In herds of healthy dairy cows the value of thermostable portion should not be lower than 45% of the original ALP activity. In 2.5 to 3 years old heifers this level is considered to be 35%. PMID- 3920806 TI - [Relation between the biochemical composition of the blood of cows and variations in milk production]. AB - A significantly lower alkaline phosphatase activity was recorded in the arterial blood of cows with higher milk efficiency. They also had higher sugar contents in their blood: highly significantly in arterial blood and significantly in venous blood after milking. As to the other blood components, the differences are low and insignificant. A significant positive relationship between the daily milk yield and the content of ash in blood (mainly in venous blood before milking), highly significant positive relationship between protein content in arterial blood and daily milk yield, and significant to highly significant negative relationship between the activity of alkaline phosphatase in arterial and venous blood before milking and the level of gamma-globulins in arterial blood were recorded in the group of cows with higher milk output. In the group of cows with lower milk production, significant to highly significant negative relationships were obtained between protein content in blood and the daily milk yield (in arterial and venous blood before milking). PMID- 3920807 TI - [Incidence of mycoplasma mastitis in Czechoslovakia]. AB - By the mycoplasmic examination of 143 dairy cows exhibiting clinical signs of mastitis, Mycoplasma californicum and M. bovigenitalium were detected as the causal agents of the disease at two localities. The occurrence of specific antibodies in milk, and/or blood serum, was characteristic of the course of the disease, as documented by the results of the examination of more than 300 samples. In some milk samples taken from cows suffering from mastitis of obscure etiology and obtained from State Veterinary Institutes, antibodies to some of the five species of bovine Mycoplasma involved in the disease were found at 22 localities. The antibodies were detected by means of the indirect haemagglutination test and ELISA method. Both these tests are suitable for such an examination, as indicated by the comparison of the results. PMID- 3920808 TI - [Intratesticular administration of testosterone in the therapy of disorders of the quality of ejaculates in boars]. AB - The clinical effect of the bilateral intratesticular administration of a microcrystalline water suspension of testosterone was studied in ten boars of Duroc breed exhibiting semen quality disorders. The ejaculate quality disorders included separate or combined deviations of the values of sperm concentration (hypozoospermia to oligozoospermia), sperm activity (asthenozoospermia), or the occurrence of abnormal spermatozoa (teratozoospermia) from the spermiological standard. After intratesticular infiltration, all the criteria of spermiogram were completely restored in four cases and the boars could be returned to insemination use. A partial improvement of the spermiogram (the number of spermiological criteria with positive responses and the development of their values) without fully meeting all the requirements of the spermiological standard was recorded in four breeding boars. No positive response of ejaculate quality characteristics was obtained in two boars. As to the evaluated criteria of the spermiogram, sperm activity was the most frequent positively influenced parameter in the cases of idiopathic or combined asthenozoospermia, and the increased percentage of abnormal spermatozoa was the least frequent positively influenced parameter in the cases of idiopathic or combined teratozoospermia. It is supposed that the easily practicable methods of intratesticular infiltration with a microcrystalline testosterone suspension could expand the therapeutic possibilities available to veterinary andrologists in the treatment of ejaculate quality disorders in boars. PMID- 3920809 TI - [Intestinal invagination in pigs]. AB - The invaginations of small intestine are being described which represent one of possible causes of intestinal ileus. In connection with multiple invaginations, a case of two intussusceptions is being mentioned, in which the peaks of invaginates are directed towards each other. At the same time four theoretically possible double invaginations are presented as well as a proposal for their distinction and indication. PMID- 3920810 TI - [Dystrophic muscular fibers in the muscles of certain breeds of birds]. AB - The occurrence of pathologically changed muscular fibers in some wild species of birds and in economically important domesticated species of birds is described. The hydrops of muscular fibers, necrosis and atrophy with connective tissue infiltration in muscular bundles were detected in breast and thigh muscles in wild birds, e. g. in raven, pigeon and pheasant. The same pathological processes were also found in domesticated species, e. g. in guinea fowl, less often in geese and duck. Their incidence in turkeys and laying types of fowl was more frequent, they were observed most often in muscles of broiler hens. Fission of muscular fibers, very thin, but also hypertrophic fibers and resorption of necrotic fibers were detected in hens besides the above changes. The described histological picture is confronted with the picture of hereditary myodystrophy in chickens. PMID- 3920811 TI - Listeriosis in a rabbit. PMID- 3920812 TI - Use of EDTA modified antigen in the serodiagnosis of bovine brucellosis. PMID- 3920813 TI - Septicaemia, encephalitis and abortions in a housed flock of sheep caused by Listeria monocytogenes type 1/2. AB - One hundred and ninety-six housed pregnant ewes were fed poor quality silage for two days. Ewes are reluctant to eat the silage and within 48 hours they became dull and developed diarrhoea and lameness. Despite treatment with antibiotics and calcium borogluconate 19 ewes died, more than 60 developed vaginal discharges and at lambing 94 ewes were barren. Six developed nervous signs and two of these died, one with lesions typical of listeric encephalitis. Post mortem lesions and the isolation of Listeria monocytogenes type 1/2 from lung, liver, spleen and kidney are described. L monocytogenes was also isolated from blood samples from live ewes. The estimated gross financial loss to the farmer was 5130 pounds or, for the flock, 26 pounds per ewe. PMID- 3920814 TI - Immunohistochemical study of neuron specific enolase and S-100 protein in Hirschsprung's disease. AB - The distribution of whole differentiated neurons in the intestines from 15 children with Hirschsprung's disease was investigated using neuron specific enolase (NSE) and the perineuronal elements were studied using S-100 protein immunostaining. In aganglionic segments, NSE immunoreactive ganglion cells and S 100 positive satellite cells were absent, but the hypertrophic nerve trunks did show a markedly positive NSE and S-100 immunoreactivity. Two different forms of aganglionic segment were present. One was the middle aganglionic segment of long segment aganglionosis which was almost completely dennervated. In the other type, there were several NSE positive nerve fibers in the muscularis propria of both the aganglionic segment of short segment aganglionosis and the distal aganglionic segment of long segment aganglionosis. These latter two aganglionic segments seemed to be innervated by extrinsic nerves. PMID- 3920816 TI - Quantitation and serial section observations of focal venocclusive lesions of hepatic veins in liver cirrhosis. AB - The pathogenesis and functional significance of the venocclusive (VO) lesions in small hepatic veins occurring in liver cirrhosis, remain controversial. The present study, using quantitative examination and serial sections has disclosed that these lesions are present in 71.7% of 106 autopsy livers with alcoholic, HBsAg-positive, biliary or cryptogenic cirrhosis. The lesions were usually focal: their number in a liver section (10 cm2) was below 15 in 86.7% of the livers having them. The incidence and morphology of the lesions appeared similar in cirrhotic livers with different aetiology. Serial sections disclosed that the affected veins disappeared within the fibrous stroma at one side and were directly connected with the patent larger hepatic veins at other side, indicating that these veins had lost their function as a draining vein of the hepatic parenchyma. In addition, there was frequent recanalization within the VO lesions, and the recanalized vessels frequently communicated with neighboring thin-walled veins in cirrhotic stroma, suggesting an intrahepatic vein to vein anastomosis. In conclusion, VO lesions, when focal, may themselves be responsible to a lesser degree for obstruction of hepatic venous outflow in liver cirrhosis. PMID- 3920815 TI - Characteristics of the plaque under a coronary thrombus. AB - Young men dying suddenly and autopsied by the coroner sometimes have coronary thrombosis at a relatively early stage of arteriosclerosis. The plaques under such thrombi often have a complex of features, a) rupture, b) hemorrhage, c) medial destruction, d) nodular collections of foam cells, e) calcification, f) cellular infiltrates of the fibrous cap, fibrous base and adventitia, and g) a newly described kind of phagocytic activity at the boundary between the necrotic core and the fibrous base of the plaque. Commonplace innocuous plaques in most middle and old aged subjects without heart disease also often have some of these features. What structural characteristics might distinguish rare thrombogenic from commonplace innocuous plaques? Twenty-one thrombotic plaques from 18 cases of sudden coronary heart disease (CHD) death were histologically compared with 129 nonthrombotic plaques from these same 18 cases, 85 plaques from 23 cases of CHD death due to arteriosclerotic occlusion, and 94 plaques from 22 cases having no CHD. Plaques with thrombosis all had necrotic cores; plaques for comparison with these were therefore chosen all to have necrotic cores. Rupture and hemorrhage were found in 90% of thrombotic plaques, with mixing of plaque gruel and blood in the thrombus. Medial destruction, foam cells and calcification (features c, d, and e) were commonplace in all types of plaques. Small-cell infiltrates and atherophagocytosis (features f or g) were found in 72-94% of the 21 thrombotic plaques, but only in 18-24% of the 94 not CHD plaques. The necrotic core, characterized by crystalline cholesterol, appears to incite cellular responses in some plaques but not others; those responses distinguish thrombogenesis. The findings imply that thrombogenicity and its accompanying plaque cellularity are incited not by cholesterol, but by some trace or minor component of the plaque gruel of the necrotic core. The possibility of testing these hypotheses by practical methods has been shown to be feasible. PMID- 3920818 TI - Analysis of vaterite microspherolith deposits on a pure cholesterol gallstone by X-ray diffraction, X-ray microanalysis and infrared absorption techniques. AB - Minute globular concretions of light-green and light-brown colour were found as deposits in the pits at the rough surface of a pure cholesterol gallstone. They were analyzed by scanning electron microscopic, X-ray diffraction, X-ray microanalytical and infrared absorption spectrometric methods. In scanning electron microscopy, the concretions appeared as ovoid microspheroliths varying from 5 to 30 micron in size. The microspheroliths presented smooth and rough surfaces; the reason for these different types of surface remained unclear. X-ray diffraction and infrared absorption analysis revealed that the microspheroliths were mainly composed of vaterite and the host plate-like crystals were cholesterol. By energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis, large quantities of calcium without significant quantities of phosphorus were detected in the microspheroliths. Calcium was absent in the plate-like crystals and could not be detected in the central part of the stone. In the pigmented periphery of the stone, some silicon and iron were found. The presence of calcite, aragonite and iron-containing pigment materials in the concretion is suggested. From the textural point of view, the analytical data strongly suggest that the stone forming conditions suddenly changed from a cholesterol-favourable stasis condition to a condition favoring the deposition of calcium carbonate possible as the result of haemorrhage. PMID- 3920817 TI - The blood microvasculature in T-cell lymphomas. A morphological, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study. AB - The microvasculature of lymph nodes of 55 cases of T-cell lymphoma was studied by light microscopy, immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. A modified peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) method was used for staining paraffin sections with lectin I of Ulex europaeus (UEA-I), which is a specific marker for vascular endothelial cells. The T-cell nature of each case was proven by immunohistochemistry, including immunoperoxidase staining of frozen sections with monoclonal T-cell antibodies. The cases were subclassified according to previously established criteria, but with the addition of a separate group showing a high content of clear cells. For the purpose of the present study, the small blood vessels were separated into two main variants, viz.: high endothelial venules (HEV) and all other types of vessels with flat endothelium (SVFE). The development of each of these variants and the extent of lymphocyte migration through the vascular wall were assessed semiquantitatively. The findings suggest that the blood microvasculature, as a whole, is similar in all types of T-cell lymphoma. There were distinct differences, however, in the development of the two main categories of small vessels between the various types. Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia of T-type (T-CLL) and Sezary's syndrome were poor in SVFE and rich in HEV, and there was considerable lymphocyte traffic through the latter. In contrast, T-immunoblastic and especially T-lymphoblastic lymphocyte traffic. The appearance of the microvasculature varied markedly in the various subtypes of "pleomorphic T-cell lymphoma". In the small cell subtype HEV predominated and SVFE represented only a small or moderate fraction of the microvasculature. As the size of the neoplastic lymphoid cells increased towards the medium-sized and large cell subtype, there was a decrease in the number of HEV and an increase in the number of SVFE accompanied by a decrease in lymphocyte migration. In T-cell lymphoma of the clear cell type the microvasculature showed features between those of T-CLL and the small cell subtype of pleomorphic T-cell lymphoma. Electron microscopy confirmed the light microscopic findings and revealed many similarities in vascular changes between "pleomorphic T-cell lymphomas" and lymphogranulomatosis X. PMID- 3920819 TI - Follicular malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with pronounced plasmacytic differentiation: a plasmacytoma-like lymphoma. AB - A case of follicular centroblastic-centrocytic lymphoma with an unusually pronounced plasmacytic component occurring in the gingiva and cervical lymph nodes of a 74-year-old male patient is described. Immunohistological analysis revealed a monotypic intracytoplasmic immunoglobulin pattern (IgM/lambda). The relation between follicular malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and extramedullary plasmacytome is discussed. In the present case the tumour may represent the development of an autonomous plasma cell clone within a follicular centroblastic centrocytic lymphoma. PMID- 3920820 TI - Glomerular monocyte infiltration in human nephropathies: prevalence and correlation with clinical and morphological variables. AB - Glomerular monocyte infiltration was evaluated by histochemical means (nonspecific esterase) and/or electron microscopy in 305 renal biopsies belonging to a wide variety of human renal diseases. Significant monocyte infiltration was never observed in a first group of nepropathies (minimal change disease, nephrotic syndrome with IgM deposits, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, membranous GN, Berger's GN, healed GN, dense deposit disease, chronic non specific GN, benign familial haematuria, Alport's disease, renal amyloidosis, arteriosclerotic kidney, light chain GN). Conversely, it was present at varying frequency in a second group of nephropathies including: acute GN (58.3%), persistent GN (10%), membranoproliferative GN (25.2%), eryoglobulinaemic GN (82.6%), lupus GN (36%), extracapillary proliferative GN (50%) and Schoenlein Henoch GN (40%). The results indicate: 1) there is an evident association between monocyte infiltration and the subendothelial site of deposits; 2) the presence of monocytes is not affected by the size and extension of subendothelial deposits; 3) monocytes were more frequently observed when IgG, IgM and fibrinogen were present in the subendothelial deposits, Conversely, complement fractions do not seem to affect monocytic activity; 4) polymorphonuclear leukocyte exudation is less frequently found and mostly associated with monocyte infiltration; 5) in some GNs (persistent GN, cryoglobulinaemic GN and membranoproliferative GN), proteinuria was significantly higher in patients with than in those without monocyte infiltration, giving support to the hypothesis that in human beings as in experimental animals monocytes play a role in the pathogenesis of proteinuria. PMID- 3920821 TI - Immunocytochemical evidence for the ability of the human pharyngeal hypophysis to respond to change in endocrine feedback. AB - Two pharyngeal hypophyses from patients with endocrine disorder were examined light microscopically and immunocytochemically. The pharyngeal hypophysis from a patient with primary hypothyroidism was hypertrophic, with TSH cell hyperplasia; while that from a patient treated with metoclopramide, a dopamine-receptor blocking drug, showed PRL cell hyperplasia. These findings strongly suggest that under certain circumstances the pharyngeal hypophysis is able to respond with specific changes to variations in the endocrine feedback. PMID- 3920822 TI - Bone marrow mast cell reaction in preleukaemic myelodysplasia and in aplastic anaemia. AB - The relationship of bone marrow mast cell counts to prognosis was investigated in 48 patients with preleukaemic myelodysplasia, in 59 patients with aplastic anemia and in a DMBA induced myelodysplasia/leukaemia rat model. In patients with myelodysplasia terminating in overt leukaemia the number of mast cells per square millimeter was not correlated to duration of the preleukaemic course. Leukaemia development probabilities of patients at risk were not different for low and elevated mast cell counts. In aplastic anaemia, however, a lower bone marrow mast cell count was related to a higher survival probability and longer survival time. In the animal model no significant differences could be found between myelodysplastic, leukaemic, and control animals. PMID- 3920823 TI - [Effect of carbonate baths on patients with hypertension at the onset of the disease with regard to the types of hemodynamic disorders]. PMID- 3920824 TI - [Use of dry carbonate baths in the sanatorial and ambulatory stages of rehabilitation of patients with acute myocardial infarction]. PMID- 3920825 TI - [Metabolic effect of gutimine on the myocardial tissue in blood loss]. AB - A rate of hemorrhage accounted for 31 mg/kg in 80 adult dogs premedicated with promedol and atropine. After circular-hemic hypoxia caused by the hemorrhage, single intravenous administration of gutimine (35-40 mg/kg) transformed the carbohydrate metabolism in heart muscle: activated glycolysis and accelerated the rate of its products oxidation, maintained the free amino acids concentration at the level similar to that of intact animals, reduced the rate of creatine phosphate synthesis. PMID- 3920826 TI - [Stability of tissue plasminogen activator]. AB - Stability of the tissue activator plasminogen was studied in various experimental conditions in vitro. The enzyme did not loss its activity after 3 hrs incubation and 7-fold dilution with physiological saline. Blood plasma, added to the tissue activator plasminogen preparation, decreased twice the enzyme activity even without preincubation. In blood plasma, obtained within 1 min after intravenous administration of the activator preparation, inhibition of the enzyme occurred during all the period of incubation and it was more pronounced. PMID- 3920827 TI - [Prophylactic effect of enteral feeding preparations during the chemotherapy of oncology patients]. AB - Altogether 124 patients were followed up for disseminated breast cancer (82) and hematosarcoma (42). The patients were divided into two groups: the main group was given 500 ml of 20% protein or low-lactose enteral feeding in addition to the hospital diet; the control group received only the hospital diet. Chemotherapy lasted 3 weeks. The patients on chemotherapy received enteral feeding every day throughout the entire treatment period. In the course of treatment, the patients were examined for blood characteristics, size of the tumor and affected lymph nodes, body weight, major metabolism, protein metabolism, vitamin metabolism, osmotic and peroxide resistance of red cells, and liver function. The research program covered more than 150 characteristics. The data obtained were processed by computer. It has been disclosed that inclusion of protein and low-lactose enteral feeding into the diet of cancer patients improves the alimentary status, decreases the leukopenia and thrombocytopenia incidence. It is advisable that specialized milk concentrates (enteral feeding) should be included into the diet of cancer patients as a necessary component of a complex of therapeutic measures used during chemotherapy. PMID- 3920828 TI - [Effect of intragastric feeding with qualitatively different mixtures on the microflora composition of the intestines in rats]. AB - Rats of four groups each holding 6-8 animals were changed over to intragastric nutrition with different mixtures one week after cannula implantation into the stomach. The observation period constituted 15 days. The rats of two other groups were kept on oral feeding with a common diet. As compared to oral feeding, intragastric one led to alterations in the cecum microflora. More profound hydrolysis of the nutrients contained by the mixture produced a more demonstrable increase in the number of enterobacteria, enterococci, staphylococci, and lactobacilli. Intragastric feeding with a mixture without nitrogenous component sharply reduced the number of lactobacilli in the cecum contents. PMID- 3920829 TI - Identical twins with the Rhnull phenotype of the regulator type in a Finnish Lapp family. AB - An inbred family A. G. with identical twin sisters having the Rhnull phenotype of the regulator type as confirmed by the maternal family data of Rh inheritance is reported. The family was traced back through church records for six generations. Several connections could be established with a Norwegian Sea Lapp community in which a family with the amorph Rhnull type has been reported. The closeness of the Finnish and the Norwegian Lapps was given special attention since, despite both of the communities are small and share a more or less common gene pool, they nevertheless seem to possess the two ultra rare Rh genes, Xor in the Finnish and r in the Norwegian family, producing, when homozygous, the Rhnull phenotype. PMID- 3920830 TI - Use of segments for the quality control of the factor VIII: coagulant activity of fresh frozen plasma. AB - The storage of fresh frozen plasma (FFP) for short periods at -20 degrees C for 6 weeks, -30 degrees C for 12 weeks, or -40 degrees C for 12 weeks, did not result in significant deterioration in factor VIII: coagulant (factor VIII:C) activity in the primary packs. In studies examining whether plasma segments could be used for quality control purposes, the mean factor VIII:C activity of the primary pack was found to be identical to that of the attached segments of plasma for units of FFP which were thawed within 2 h after preparation. This was also true for FFP units stored at -40 and -60 degrees C for up to 12 weeks. There was, however, a loss in factor VIII:C activity in the segments of FFP units stored at either -20 or -30 degrees C for 6 and 12 weeks, respectively. Thus for units of FFP stored at temperatures colder than -40 degrees C, segments are suitable for assessing the factor VIII:C activity in the primary pack but not for FFP units stored at 20 or -30 degrees C. PMID- 3920832 TI - [Effect of nitrates and obsidan on myocardial infarction]. PMID- 3920831 TI - [Acid-base equilibrium and blood gas composition in patients with chronic nonspecific lung diseases]. PMID- 3920833 TI - Stress management on the job. PMID- 3920834 TI - [Genetic defects of prostaglandin and thromboxane synthesis]. AB - Prostaglandins and thromboxanes are oxygenated products of arachidonic acid, probably representing a phylogenetically old membrane-related defence mechanism. Several types of thrombocytopathy have been found to be associated with defects in platelet thromboxane formation or action: defects in cyclooxygenase activity (type I) or thromboxane synthetase activities (type II), and disturbed thromboxane action, caused by defects in the platelet thromboxane receptors (type III). All of these disturbances share a common failure of a platelet release reaction after stimulation by ADP or adrenaline++, as well as an absent or largely suppressed aggregation after arachidonic acid. The platelet count, platelet morphology and the nucleotide content of their storage granules are unchanged. This is a major difference to other congenital thrombocytopathies, such as thrombasthenia Glanzmann and storage pool disease. There is evidence of an autosomal gene defect mediating this disturbance by analysing family members. The clinical picture of this defect varies largely and is quite heterogeneous, even in the same individual. General findings are a prolonged bleeding time and bleeding tendencies which, however, are only very rarely associated with life threatening situations. These data indicate that platelet thromboxane formation is an important, though not essential factor for the platelet release reaction and primary haemostasis. PMID- 3920835 TI - [Long-term administration of antidepressive agents: maintenance therapy and phase prevention]. AB - Long-term regimen of psychotropic drugs in depression is particularly indicated in those patients who benefit most from the drugs, namely patients of the "endogenous" or "endogenomorphic" type. Medication over months or even years is indicated for two frequently concurrent reasons: firstly for "maintenance therapy", i.e., medication should be continued after remission of the depressive syndrome because of not yet identifiable "vulnerability" to relapse in many patients and, secondly, for "prophylactic therapy", i.e. medication can be given during apparent psychological health and in the absence of any imminent risk in order to prevent a possible new episode of depression. Long-term regimen of both types of medication is different, though not decisively so. Neither can cure a patient of depression; however, recurrence of the psychopathological syndrome can be successfully prevented. This paper presents a practical and updated discussion of various questions related to long-term regimen with psychotropic drugs used in depression: tricyclic antidepressants, lithium, carbamazepine and others. PMID- 3920836 TI - Enhanced metabolism of volatile hydrocarbons in rat liver following food deprivation, restricted carbohydrate intake, and administration of ethanol, phenobarbital, polychlorinated biphenyl and 3-methylcholanthrene: a comparative study. AB - The effects of food deprivation, carbohydrate restriction and ethanol consumption on the metabolism of eight volatile hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene, styrene, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,1-dichloroethylene and trichloroethylene) in rats were compared with the effects of enzyme induction by phenobarbital (PB), polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) and 3-methylcholanthrene (MC) on the metabolism of these compounds. Although causing a marked increase both in microsomal protein and cytochrome p-450 contents, PB (80 mg/kg per day for three days) and PCB (a single dose of 500 mg/kg) induced only a limited range of enzyme activity: PB increased the metabolism of toluene, styrene, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride and trichloroethylene, and PCB only increased those of toluene, styrene and trichloroethylene. MC (20 mg/kg per day for three days) had no effect on the metabolism of any of the hydrocarbons studied. In contrast, food deprivation, carbohydrate restriction and three-week ingestion of ethanol (2.0 g/day), each enhanced the metabolism of all the hydrocarbons with little or no increase in microsomal protein and cytochrome P-450 contents. PB, PCB and MC treatments enhanced the activity of enzymes involved in conjugation reactions, UDP-glucuronyltransferase and glutathione S-transferase, whereas the dietary manipulation and ethanol consumption produced no significant effect on these enzymes. It is concluded that ethanol consumption. lowered carbohydrate intake and food deprivation affect the metabolism and toxicity of volatile hydrocarbons differently from PB, PCB or MC. PMID- 3920837 TI - [Contact dermatitis due to chloroacetophenone (tear gas)]. AB - We report on 3 patients suffering from allergic contact dermatitis to chloracetophenone, two of them policemen. Besides toxic local and systemic effects, one possible risk of using tear gas is sensitization. PMID- 3920838 TI - [Comparison of tuberculosis cutis luposa and cutaneous leishmaniasis]. AB - We present a comparative study concerning two cases of tuberculosis cutis luposa and cutaneous leishmaniasis, respectively. These two Turkish female patients had suffered from changes of the facial skin since 20 years (tuberculosis cutis luposa) and for 5 months (cutaneous leishmaniasis). The tuberculosis cutis luposa had been misdiagnosed as cutaneous leishmaniasis and surgically treated. Both cases showed an apple jelly-like color at the edges of the lesions with soft tissue. With tuberculosis cutis luposa, the lesions had a larger extension and a more hyperkeratotic picture. We discuss the different histopathologic changes of both cases. As bacteriologic culture revealed mycobacterium tuberculosis, on one hand, and histopathology leishmania species intrahistiocytically, on the other, we could finally make the corresponding diagnoses. PMID- 3920839 TI - Light and electron microscope study of Sarcocystis sp. from the fallow deer (Cervus dama). AB - By means of light and electron microscopy a study was made of Sarcocystis sp. from 11 fallow deer (Cervus dama). Cysts of Sarcocystis sp. were found in the tongue and abdominal muscle of 3 of 11 deer from forests near Bonn (FRG). These measured 212-560 micron in length and 54-120 micron in width and contained metrocytes and merozoites. The cyst wall, which had narrow band-like protrusions, is compared with other Sarcocystis sp. from Cervidae. PMID- 3920840 TI - Increase of virus yields and releases of Borna disease virus from persistently infected cells. AB - Borna disease virus grows to low titres in persistently infected cells with an infectious particle to cell ratio of 0.01 to 0.05. Inclusion of n-butyrate in the growth medium enhances infectivity yields up to 1 log. This effect is time and concentration dependent. In hypertonic medium with an excess of NaCl, KCl or Na2SO4 up to 50% of the total infectious virus yield is released from the cells. Released supernatant virus (buoyant density in sucrose rho = 1.22 g/cm3) is more heat stabile than cell-bound virus (rho = 1.18 g/cm3). The access to cell-free (released) virus opens new possibilities for the characterization of this neurotropic agent. PMID- 3920841 TI - Secretion of Semliki Forest virus membrane glycoprotein E1 from Bacillus subtilis. AB - The gene coding for the Semliki Forest virus (SFV) membrane protein E1 was joined to a secretion vector containing the promoter and signal sequence regions of the alpha-amylase gene from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. To facilitate secretion, the regions coding for the N-terminal signal peptide (the 6K protein) and the C terminal hydrophobic transmembrane domain of the E1 gene were deleted. After transformation into B. Subtilis, E1 was shown by immunoblotting to be expressed at a low level (about 0.5-1 mg/1). Contrary to what was expected, most of the E1 remained cell-associated. Deletion of a residual 7 C-terminal amino acids from the 6K region neither increased the level of expression nor significantly improved the secretion. Immunofluorescence microscopy of protoplasts prepared from B. subtilis cells expressing E1 suggested that the cell-associated E1 was located at the outer surface of the bacterial membrane. Addition of protease inhibitors to the culture medium somewhat increased the amount of extracellular E1, suggesting that proteolytic degradation of the foreign gene product may be one reason for the low level of expression. This conclusion was also supported by experiments carried out in Bacillus minicells, which indicated that the expression of the E1 gene in the absence of synthesis of bacterial proteases was about the same as that of alpha-amylase expressed from the cloned gene using the same promoter and signal sequence. PMID- 3920842 TI - [Indications for rheumatoid orthopedic interventions and priorities in the long term treatment plan]. AB - The treatment of the polyarthritic patient has to consider the whole personality in order to be effective. This difficult task calls for a well functioning team. In this team the Rheuma-surgeon plays a decisive role. He will only be able to satisfy all the expectations if he masters, by virtue of his training and experience, the art of setting up a treatment plan with priorities. In order to outline a list of priorities, he has to answer the questions: What are the patient's needs, desires and expectations? What are the predictable end results of the measures envisaged and what are the remaining possibilities in case of surgical failure or when abstaining from surgery? Three categories of operation are outlined according to the expected success rate. Of particular importance is the patient's motivation. PMID- 3920844 TI - [Differential affinity of pathogenic species of microorganisms for a set of lectins detectable by the sandwich method using fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)]. AB - The qualitative differences in the affinity of concanavalin A (Con A), wheat-germ agglutinin (WGA) and Phaseolus vulgaris lectin to the surface of 10 microbial strains inducing various diseases in humans and agricultural animals have been demonstrated by means of the indirect immunofluorescence tests. Enterobacteria, Coxiella burnetii and Bacillus anthracis have been found to possess pronounced affinity to Con A and WGA, while Rickettsia prowazekii, Francisella tularensis and Brucella abortus, as well as Treponema pallidum, have proved to be resistant to lectins. WGA has been found to bind specifically to Brucella abortus and Treponema pallidum. Con A and WGA are seemingly suitable for use in the preliminary test for the total capacity of lectin receptors to come in contact with biological macromolecules. PMID- 3920843 TI - [In vitro oxidation of [U-14C] palmitate, [1-14C] and [6-14C] glucose in newborn and adult rats and pigs]. AB - Studies have been made on the intensity of oxidation of [U-14C]-palmitate, [1 14C]- and [6-14C]-glucose by slices of the liver and skeletal muscles of new born, 1-day, 5-day and adult Wistar rats and domestic pigs. It was found that the level of 14CO2 production from these substrates is higher in tissues of rats than in those of pigs. At early stages of ontogenesis, in tissues of both species intensive oxidation of glucose is observed together with oxidation of fatty acids. In the course of ontogenetic development, the intensity of glucose utilization significantly decreases, whereas the level of fatty acid catabolism remains relatively unaffected. PMID- 3920845 TI - [Obtaining antisera to Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus antigens for performing immunoenzyme analyses in clinical practice]. AB - The data presented in this work indicate that specific antisera to P. aeruginosa and Proteus antigens can be produced by using extracts from these microorganisms, destroyed by ultrasonic treatment or by multiple freezing and thawing, for the immunization of rabbits. Blood serum samples from patients with purulent septic complications were studied for the presence of P. aeruginosa and Proteus antigens in ELISA with the use of peroxidase-labeled antibodies from antisera to P. aeruginosa and Proteus. This investigation revealed that during the first 3 days from the beginning of the clinical manifestations of the complications P. aeruginosa and Proteus antigens were detected in 86.4% and 83.4% of the patients, respectively. In the subsequent bacteriological study of wound discharge from these patients the corresponding microflora was detected. PMID- 3920846 TI - [Immunoenzyme analysis method for detecting anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa antibodies in persons inoculated with pyoimmunogen]. AB - The possibility of using the indirect ELISA techniques for evaluating the level of the post-vaccinal production of humoral antibodies in donors immunized with Pyoimmunogen. P. aeruginosa vaccine, has been studied. The specificity and high resolution of this test system, based on the immobilization of the antigens of the vaccinal preparation on a solid-phase carrier, have been demonstrated. A rational method for the evaluation of specific antibody titers with due regard to the spectrophotometric data indicating the results of the reaction and the degree of the dilution of the serum under test has been proposed. PMID- 3920848 TI - [Use of immunoenzyme analysis for the detection and differentiation of influenza viruses A, B and C]. AB - Test systems for ELISA, containing antibodies to internal or supercapsid proteins and intended for the detection and differentiation of influenza A, B and C viruses in small amounts, have been developed. The possibility of using these systems for the determination of viruses both in material obtained directly from humans and in chick embryo isolates has been demonstrated. PMID- 3920847 TI - [Detection of soluble antigens of blood group ABH using immunoenzyme analysis]. AB - The use of the indirect ELISA techniques did not ensure the sharp differentiation of the antigens of the blood groups A and B on the polystyrene sorbent by means of heteroimmune sera, though such differentiation could be achieved by means of monoclonal antibodies. The test system known as "the lectin-antibody sandwich" was found to have the optimum sensitivity and specificity permitting the detection of soluble ABH antigens. This variant of ELISA permitted the detection of blood group A antigen both in native biological materials and in traces of blood and saliva, thus making it possible to carry out its quantitative determination. PMID- 3920849 TI - Crohn's disease and small bowel diverticulosis in two sisters. AB - Small bowel diverticula may cause abdominal pain, diarrhoea, malabsorption and weight loss. The same symptoms are also seen in Crohn's disease. Two elderly sisters with simultaneous small bowel diverticulosis and Crohn's disease are presented. PMID- 3920850 TI - Effect of [Asu1,7]eel calcitonin on prolactin release in normal subjects and patients with prolactinoma. AB - The effect of [Asu1,7]eel calcitonin (ECT), an equipotent analogue of eel CT, on prolactin (Prl) secretion was examined in 12 healthy male subjects and in 6 patients with prolactinoma. In healthy subjects, ECT (0.5 microgram/kg body weight . h) or saline was infused for 2 h and TRH was injected iv as a bolus of 500 micrograms at 1 h of ECT or saline administration. ECT did not affect basal Prl levels during 1 h of infusion. TRH caused a significant increase of plasma Prl with peak values of 75.2 +/- 11.6 ng/ml in ECT-infused subjects, which did not differ from those infused with saline (68.5 +/- 8.3 ng/ml). Next, an iv bolus injection of regular insulin (0.1 U/kg body weight) was followed by an infusion of ECT or saline alone. Plasma Prl peaks after hypoglycaemic stress were significantly lower in ECT-infused subjects than those in saline-injected controls (ECT, 16.5 +/- 3.1 vs 33.5 +/- 9.6 ng/ml, P less than 0.05). In patients with prolactinoma, basal levels of plasma Prl ranging from 42.0-4130 ng/ml failed to change during iv infusion of ECT. Moreover, ECT (10(-9) - 10(-6)M) did not affect Prl release from prolactinoma tissues perifused in vitro. These findings suggest that ECT may not act directly on the pituitary to modify Prl release. Rather, peripherally administered ECT appears to suppress Prl release via the central nervous system. PMID- 3920851 TI - Gonadotrophins and ovarian steroids in cattle. I. Pulsatile changes of concentrations in the jugular vein throughout the oestrous cycle. AB - Short-term secretion patterns of LH, FSH, progesterone and oestradiol-17 beta were evaluated throughout complete oestrous cycles of 6 heifers. Frequent blood samples (in 20-min intervals for 12 continuous h) were taken every 3-5 days from indwelling jugular catheters. There was a high incidence of concomitant LH and FSH pulses ranging from 72% at luteolysis to 83-100% during the luteal phase. Almost the same total number of LH and FSH pulses occurred during the early luteal phase (7.0 vs 7.4/12 h, respectively), however, there was an average of one additional FSH pulse in between the synchronous LH/FSH ones during the mid- and late luteal phase (6.9 FSH vs 3.4 LH pulses/12 h). Basal LH and FSH concentrations remained unchanged from the early until the late luteal period. During and after luteolysis frequency of LH and FSH release (14.5 vs 10.5 pulses/12 h) increased considerably as well as basal concentrations and magnitude of LH pulses. Secretion of both gonadotrophins persisted very frequently (13.3 LH and 10.7 FSH pulses/12 h) during pro-oestrus and oestrus when basal FSH concentrations and FSH pulse maxima approached a nadir. During the mid-luteal phase 45% of pulsatile progesterone occurred concomitantly with each coinciding LH/FSH pulse and 44% of pulsatile progesterone happened after additional single FSH pulses. Distinct short-term changes of oestradiol concentrations were not observed in the jugular vein but concentrations fluctuated randomly ranging from 2-6 pg/ml throughout the luteal period. Prior to and during heat mean concentrations of oestradiol were approximately 2-fold higher (P less than 0.05) than during the other periods of the cycle. It is concluded that the frequency of pulsatile LH release is modulated to a much greater extent than FSH by negative feedback of ovarian steroids. Some pulsatile progesterone secretion resulting from the stimulation of FSH (and LH) is still detectable in the jugular vein whereas of oestradiol-17 beta is not. The additional frequent monitoring of FSH might be more appropriate reflecting pituitary and hypothalamic function than only measuring LH. PMID- 3920852 TI - Gonadotrophins and ovarian steroids in cattle. II. Pulsatile changes of concentrations in the jugular vein throughout pregnancy. AB - Short-term secretion patterns (derived from samples collected from jugular vein cannulae every 20 min for 12 h) of LH, FSH, progesterone, oestradiol-17 beta, oestrone and prolactin were studied every 30 days during gestation in heifers. LH pulse frequency and amplitude was greater during the early (months 1-3) and end (months 8-9) than during mid-gestation when pulsatile LH secretion was almost abolished. The frequency of pulsatile FSH release, which was already twice as fast than of LH during early pregnancy, did not change throughout the whole gestation period. Mean, basal and maximal progesterone concentrations were highest during the first 3 months of gestation, were slightly reduced during mid gestation and decreased further during the last 2 months preceding parturition. Pulses of progesterone occurred concomitantly with the parallel LH/FSH as well as the separate FSH pulses. Average oestradiol-17 beta concentrations during the first months of gestation were slightly higher than during the mid-luteal phase of the cycle and exceeded during mid-gestation concentrations measured at oestrus. Free oestrone could be detected as early as day 60 of pregnancy. Frequency and amplitude of short-term changes of oestrone increased after the 5th month. Discontinuous secretion of oestrone as well as oestradiol-17 beta was only arbitrarily but never consistently correlated with either each other or with pulsatile gonadotrophin release. Apart form an occasional coincidence with pulsatile release of other hormones prolactin concentrations seemed to depend rather on the season of the year and time of the day than on the individual pregnancy stage.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3920853 TI - The effect of propranolol on circulating thyroid hormone measurements in thyrotoxic and euthyroid subjects. AB - Circulating concentrations of total and free thyroid hormones and thyroid hormone binding proteins were measured in thyrotoxic and euthyroid subjects treated with propranolol. In the thyrotoxic group, total triiodothyronine (T3) concentration fell after propranolol therapy, suggesting an effect of the drug on the peripheral conversion of thyroxine (T4) to T3. In euthyroid subjects, a rise in circulating concentrations of free T4 and reverse T3 (rT3) was observed, while only a small decrease in free T3 was evident. Thyroxine binding globulin (TBG) concentration fell during propranolol treatment while thyroxine binding prealbumin (TBPA) concentration rose. The changes observed in the euthyroid state are consistent with inhibition of peripheral deiodination of T4 and rT3; an additional effect of propranolol on binding protein metabolism was evident. PMID- 3920854 TI - Organ culture of human foetal pancreas: conditions which affect basal and stimulated insulin release. AB - Human foetal pancreas has been maintained in organ culture with net synthesis and release of insulin for up to 60 days. The age of the donor foetus affected the basal insulin release rate. A plateau of secretion was reached with foetuses of greater than or equal to 16 weeks of gestation. Explants cultured within 2 h of expulsion following prostaglandin induced termination secreted 3.0 times more insulin after 20 days of culture than those cultured within 2-4 h and 8.1 times more than those cultured more than 4 h post-termination. A high oxygen environment was toxic to the explants during culture. Fresh tissue responded to a high concentration of glucose (19.3 mM) with a small but significant increase in insulin secretion. The addition of 10 mM theophylline caused a major increase in insulin release. Cultured tissue did not respond to glucose alone but did not show increased insulin release following stimulation with glucose (22 mM) together with theophylline (10 mM) in static incubation. The culture of human foetal pancreatic tissue may be useful in maintaining responsive beta cells and may help to ensure an adequate amount of donor tissue for future transplantation into diabetic patients. PMID- 3920855 TI - Absence of circulating desialylated thyroxine-binding globulin in patients with hepatobiliary disease. AB - Thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) is the major thyroid hormone carrier protein. The molecule contains approximately 10 sialic acid residues which play a key role in the peripheral metabolism of TBG. Since the serum of patients with liver disease often contains large amounts of several desialylated glycoproteins, the aim of the present studies was to characterize circulating TBG and to examine the possible presence of desialylated TBG (dTBG) in 24 patients with a variety of hepatobiliary diseases and selected on the basis of elevated serum levels of desialylated glycoproteins. Using 4 immunochemical techniques applied for the measurement of TBG, for the detection of dTBG and for the characterization of TBG microheterogeneity, the results indicated: a) a wide scatter of serum TBG levels between 4 and 23 mg/l; b) the absence of detectable amounts of dTBG in any of the sera tested; and c) a close similarity between the microheterogeneity of TBG in patients with liver disease with that of control sera or of purified TBG. In conclusion, in patients with acute and chronic liver disease, TBG, although quantitatively modified, remains qualitatively unaltered, suggesting that diseased liver produces fully sialylated TBG and that its catabolism is not impaired. PMID- 3920856 TI - Steroid secretion by cumulus cells isolated from human preovulatory follicles. AB - The secretion of progesterone, testosterone, and oestradiol by intact human oocyte-cumulus complexes in vitro was examined in incubations lasting 6-24 h. The complexes were aspirated from preovulatory follicles in 32 women who, due to tubal disease, were participating in an in vitro fertilization program. In 12 of the women follicular maturation was induced with clomiphene and human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG), in 13 women with human menopausal gonadotrophin (hMG) and hCG and in 7 women with a combination of clomiphene-hMG plus hCG. The net secretion of steroids into the fertilization medium was studied before (0-6 h) and after (6-24 h) the addition of sperm, by RIA of aliquots removed at specific times. A high and sustained secretion of progesterone was found both before and after insemination. Testosterone secretion remained at a low and constant level while a net release of oestradiol was found mainly during the first hours of incubation. The release of steroids, particularly progesterone, varied according to the mode of hormonal stimulation in vivo and was highest in complexes from clomiphene-hMG-treated women, probably reflecting different maturity of the aspirated follicles. In a second series of experiments the dispersed cumulus cells were recovered after fertilization and cultured as monolayers for 2-4 days. The cells underwent spontaneous luteinization and secreted high amounts of progesterone. These results extend previous work in animals showing that also in the human the periovulatory cumulus cells are steroidogenically active. The results also suggest a functional difference in the cumulus cells related to the mode of ovulation induction. PMID- 3920857 TI - Endocrine and immunogenetic evaluation of an XX male infant with perineoscrotal hypospadias. AB - To clarify the origin of the genital ambiguity occasionally associated with the XX male syndrome, a series of endocrinological studies were undertaken in an affected 6 months old infant with perineoscrotal hypospadias. The patient fulfilled all the diagnostic criteria of the syndrome: the testes were descended bilaterally, the Mullerian derivatives were absent, the 46,XX chromosome complement was ascertained in different cell lines, and male levels of H-Y antigen were detected in cultured skin fibroblasts. Circulating gonadotrophin levels and pituitary LRH responsiveness were within normal limits for the age group. Serum testosterone (T) levels were normal, and gonadal stimulation with hCG caused a significant rise on serum T. Incubations of [3H]T with fibroblasts from genital skin revealed normal activity of steroid 5 alpha-reductase. Moreover, normal concentrations of thermostable cytosol androgen receptors were revealed in cultured fibroblasts. Altogether the results indicated that ambiguity of the external genitalia in this patient was the result of neither abnormal T biosynthesis, peripheral A-ring T reduction, nor androgen intracellular specific binding, and suggested that the nature of the incomplete virilization could be a non-endocrine independent event associated to this disorder. The data are also consistent with the notion that testicular impairment observed in adult XX males develops later in life. PMID- 3920858 TI - Fatal catalysts to aging. PMID- 3920859 TI - Human sexuality and long term care patients. PMID- 3920860 TI - From London chapter--caring for seniors around the world. PMID- 3920861 TI - The effect of an aldose reductase inhibitor (Sorbinil) on diabetic neuropathy and neural function of the retina: a double-blind study. AB - 37 patients with diabetic neuropathy were randomized into 2 equal groups and given daily doses of 200 mg or 50 mg of Sorbinil - a potent aldose-reductase inhibitor - in a double-blind 4-week period between 2 periods on placebo. The purpose was to assess the role of the drug on various neurophysiological parameters and its clinical effect. No difference was shown either in the placebo periods compared to Sorbinil treatment or between the 2 groups on the neurophysiological parameters but there was a statistically significant effect on overall subjective well-being. The drug had no side-effects in the present study. PMID- 3920863 TI - Experimental scoliosis in monkeys. AB - Scoliosis was produced experimentally in monkeys, by excision of ribs and costo transverse ligaments. Unilateral excision of these structures produced mild reversible scoliosis, while bilateral excision caused a severe structural curve. We feel that scoliosis so produced is due to instability of the spine which is more pronounced in bilateral operations. PMID- 3920862 TI - Effect of ibuprofen on heterotopic ossification after hip replacement. AB - A double-blind, placebo-controlled study was made of the influence of the anti inflammatory agent ibuprofen on heterotopic ossification after total hip replacement for arthrosis, fracture or rheumatoid arthritis. Seven drop-outs left 21 patients on medication and 22 on placebo in two comparable groups. Heterotopic ossification appeared in one third of the patients in the ibuprofen group and in three fourths in the control group 12 months after surgery. Five patients in the latter group developed true heterotopic bone, compared to one of the patients on medication. Heterotopic ossification was as common among osteoarthritic patients as among others. There was no difference in the range of motion at 12 months postoperatively between patients with and without heterotopic ossification. In the 22 patients with heterotopic ossification this was demonstrated in all but eight within 6 weeks, and in only three did it appear later than 3 months postoperatively. Five of the six patients who showed heterotopic bone with trabecular structure were male. Since inflammation is a dominant feature in the postoperative phase, the effect of ibuprofen on heterotopic ossification is probably its inhibition of the synthesis of prostaglandins. This implies that prevention is most successful if commenced before or at the time of operation. PMID- 3920864 TI - Sanfilippo type C syndrome in two sisters. AB - Two sisters are described with mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) Sanfilippo type C syndrome. This diagnosis is emphasized to be easily overlooked due to subtile clinical and radiological deviations, but should be considered in any case of unspecific progressive mental retardation, especially when sleep disturbance, aggressivity and hyperactivity are prominent symptoms. PMID- 3920865 TI - Fatal case of pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency. AB - A Japanese neonate with fatal pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency is described. The patient lapsed into a coma shortly after birth with severe metabolic acidosis caused by accumulation of lactate and pyruvate. Hyperammonemia was also present and found to be the cause of the coma. Despite intensive treatment, the patient died at 93 hours of age. Enzyme study showed that the activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase was not detected in either the liver or the kidneys. This is the third reported case of fatal pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency and hyperammonemia is described for the first time in this condition. PMID- 3920866 TI - Tolerance of intravenously administered lipid in newborns. AB - The tolerance for intravenously administered Intralipid in 262 premature and sick newborns was studied. The serum concentrations of triglycerides and of free fatty acids were determined during total parenteral nutrition including Intralipid in a maximum daily dose of 2 g/kg. A serum concentration of 1.5 mmol/l or higher was found in 270 out of 985 triglyceride determinations (27.4%). In the 262 infants serum triglyceride concentrations were found elevated once or more in 117 cases (44.7%). Serum free fatty acids concentrations were normal. A highly significant inverse correlation (p less than 0.001) between birth weight and triglyceride level was found. Elevated serum triglyceride concentrations were observed especially in preterm small-for-gestational-age infants. PMID- 3920867 TI - Binding of lectins to Streptococcus mitis cells. Studies of the specificity of ligand mediated aggregation. AB - Previous studies have shown that the mechanism of spontaneous aggregation of Streptococcus mitis ATCC 903 depends on a lectin-ligand type interaction. To study the specificity of the ligand, the binding of a number of lectins of different sugar specificities to the surface of untreated, trypsin and beta galactosidase-treated bacteria was studied by assessing aggregation. Untreated bacteria were rapidly aggregated by concanavalin A (Con A), wheat-germ agglutination (WGA) and helix pomatia lectin (HPL). Other lectins tested, e.g. peanut agglutinin and soy bean lectin, did not induce aggregation. Lectin-induced aggregation was distinguished from the spontaneous one by recording the course of aggregation and inhibition of lectins by specific sugars. Trypsin-treated bacteria lost their ability for both spontaneous and lectin-induced aggregation. beta-galactosidase-treated bacteria were aggregated only in the presence of Con A and HPL. The bacteria retained their ability for spontaneous aggregation after removal of lectins and inhibitory sugars. These findings suggest that ligand is of glycoprotein nature, since it was removed from the bacterial surface by treatment with trypsin, as shown by the inability of treated cells for both spontaneous and lectin-induced aggregation. Partial degradation of the carbohydrate part of the ligand is indicated by the ability of beta-galactosidase treated bacteria to aggregate in the presence of Con A and HPL. PMID- 3920868 TI - Imprinting, digoxin uptake and storage in Tetrahymena. AB - Tetrahymenas after a single exposure to high concentration of digoxin, release glycoside into the culture medium even three days after removal of the drug. After nine or fifteen days, however, this effect subsides. Re-administration of digoxin causes the digoxin consumption (storage) of Tetrahymenas to increase. This observation indicates that the digoxin imprinting previously demonstrated in mammals occurs also in Tetrahymena. The experiments raise the possibility that also Tetrahymenas are capable of producing a digoxin-like substance detectable by radioimmunoassay. PMID- 3920869 TI - Dynamics of renal excretory function after furosemide or ethacrynic acid administration to unanaesthetized dogs after mannitol infusion or chronic renal denervation. AB - To unanesthetized dogs with exteriorized ureter allowing separate collection of urine from both kidneys, furosemide 0.2 mg/kg b.w. or ethacrynic acid 0.22 mg/kg b.w. was given intravenously. The volume of collected urine and the excretion of sodium, chloride, potassium and calcium were studied. The dynamics of diuretic administration was programmed. After unilateral renal denervation furosemide or ethacrynic acid was given and the response of the denervated (left) and intact (right) kidneys was compared. Prior to renal denervation the same dogs were infused with a 15% mannitol solution in a quantity and at a rate causing an increase of diuresis approximately equal to that after renal denervation. The effect of furosemide given with and without mannitol infusion was compared. Description of the dynamics of renal excretory function used by us allowed to demonstrate the modulating role of renal nerves in the regulation of water, chloride and sodium excretion after the administration of diuretics. The principal part of the compensatory reabsorption of chloride after renal denervation occurred in the ascending limb of Henle's loop. Comparison of calcium excretion after renal denervation and administration of furosemide with that after mannitol and furosemide allows to assume that after renal denervation calcium load from the proximal to the distal tubules does not increase. PMID- 3920870 TI - Precocious puberty and hypothalamic hamartoma. Report on a new case with ultrastructural data. AB - A new case of hypothalamic hamartoma associated with precocious puberty is presented. After reviewing the literature, 23 other cases appeared. The ultrastructural study of the present case revealed common features with other hamartomatous lesions of the central nervous system and with the gangliogliomas. The data suggest that these lesions are morphologically organized in a very similar manner despite their very different growing potential. PMID- 3920871 TI - MR imaging of the acoustic nerves and small acoustic neuromas at 0.6 T: prospective study. AB - To evaluate the capability of magnetic resonance (MR) in imaging normal acoustic nerves, 12 volunteers without signs or symptoms of intracranial disease were examined using a 0.6 T superconductive system. Several spin-echo (SE) pulse sequences were tested to identify the optimal sequence for demonstration of the acoustic nerve bundle. Repetition times (TRs) varied from 300 to 2000 msec and echo times (TEs) from 30 to 120 msec. A single-slice technique was used with 5 and 8 mm sections, one or two data acquisitions per projection, and axial and coronal imaging. The normal acoustic nerves were demonstrated readily by MR in axial and/or coronal sections. The distal parts of the nerves and tumors were imaged best with SE 1500/60. The medial extremities of the seventh and eighth nerves tended to be obscured in this sequence by brightening the cerebrospinal fluid signal adjacent to the brainstem, but they were demonstrated clearly with 500 or 800 msec TR and 30 msec TE. Five patients were studied who had hearing loss and evidence of retrocochlear disease. In four patients, MR imaging demonstrated five acoustic nerve tumors ranging in size from purely intracanalicular to a 12 mm cisternal component. In the fifth case, no tumor was identified by MR imaging or gas computed tomographic (CT) cisternography. Contrast-enhanced CT using a Siemens Somatom DR 3 or GE CT/T 8800 scanner failed to provide convincing evidence of tumor in any case, while gas CT cisternography was positive in all five tumors. All five acoustic neuromas were identified readily using the SE sequences that proved optimal for demonstration of normal nerves. This experience revealed that MR imaging can demonstrate the eighth nerve complex well and reliably. Single-slice (5 or 8 mm) technique is adequate, but multislice without tissue gaps (used recently) is more efficient. Small, even intracanalicular, acoustic neuromas are imaged effectively, indicating that the method is capable of superseding contrast CT cisternography, particularly with improving technology. PMID- 3920872 TI - Catheter placement in the azygos system: an unusual approach to venous access. PMID- 3920873 TI - Dyke Award. Evaluation of contrast-enhanced MR imaging in a brain-abscess model. AB - An alpha-streptococcus brain abscess was produced in five dogs and studied with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging (0.5 T) and computed tomography (CT). Non contrast- and contrast-enhanced CT scans were obtained using gadolinium diethylenetriamine-pentaacetic acid (Gd DTPA) for MR imaging and meglumine iothalamate for CT scanning. Each animal was evaluated in the early and later cerebritis stages of abscess evolution. On MR, the area of cerebritis enhanced after administration of Gd DTPA in a manner similar to that observed with contrast-enhanced CT. However, contrast enhancement was greater on the MR examination. Early lesions in two animals were detected only with contrast enhanced MR imaging. This experience suggests that intravenously administered agents such as Gd DTPA should increase the diagnostic potential of MR imaging in neurologic diseases, especially those altering the blood-brain barrier. PMID- 3920874 TI - Magnetic resonance imaging of meningiomas. AB - Twenty-eight patients with 32 meningiomas were studied on a 0.5-T superconductive magnetic resonance (MR) imager. This common, benign treatable tumor was more clearly seen on computed tomography (CT) than MRI in 53% of cases. This is a result of poor contrast between the tumor and the adjacent brain on all spin-echo and inversion-recovery pulse sequences. Those sequences that provide the greatest anatomic detail were best for identifying this low-contrast lesion. Inversion recovery scans in particular demonstrated the tumor as a discrete hypointense mass (relative to nearby white matter) with excellent visualization of the dural base and white matter buckling indicative of extracerebral mass effect. Other characteristic features include: a hypointense rim because of the venous capsule (66%); mottling due to hypervascularity; a well defined edema collar that demarcates the tumor from adjacent brain; and hyperostosis with thickening of the calvaria and obliteration of its normal landmarks. MRI did not demonstrate tumor calcification but did demonstrate vascular encasement, displacement, and occlusion better than CT and as well as digital venous angiography. PMID- 3920875 TI - MR imaging of brainstem tumors. AB - Eighteen patients aged 4-72 years old with brainstem tumors were studied using a 0.5 T magnetic resonance (MR) imager and a third- or fourth-generation computed tomographic (CT) scanner. MR imaging showed the brainstem to be enlarged on sagittal views in all cases; exophytic growth was seen in eight. Alterations of signal intensities were shown in most cases on spin-echo sequences using 30 and 90 msec echo times and inversion recovery techniques. It was not possible to distinguish primary from metastatic tumors. The configurations and margins of the areas with abnormal signal did not appear to correlate with the clinical behavior of the tumors. CT was able to recognize brainstem tumor in only 13 of 16 cases. In the two cases of metastases, plain CT scans were normal, but enhancement was seen after administration of contrast material in one. It appears that MR imaging is sensitive in detecting tumor enlargement and abnormal signals and is superior to CT in evaluating brainstem tumors. PMID- 3920876 TI - Magnetic resonance imaging in multiple sclerosis: results in 32 cases. AB - A prospective clinical study was performed in 32 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) to evaluate the sensitivity of lesion detection and accuracy of lesion localization by neurologic examination, delayed enhanced computed tomography (CT) with a double dose of contrast material, and proton magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. After neurologic examination patients were classified by probability of MS (possible, four patients; probable, three patients; and definite, 25 patients) and by disease activity (acute, chronic with acute exacerbation, or chronic progressive). Subsequently they underwent delayed enhanced CT scanning and MR imaging with more than one spin-echo technique. In five of seven patients with possible or probable MS, both MR imaging and delayed enhanced CT were negative. In 25 cases of definite MS, MR imaging detected pathology in 19 (76%) cases, while CT detected lesions in 15 (60%) of 25 cases. In acute lesions (acute or chronic with acute exacerbation), the two techniques were of similar sensitivity (delayed CT was positive in 65% and MR imaging in 60%), while in chronic progressive MS, MR imaging was superior in lesion detection (MR imaging positive in 75%; delayed CT in 25%). While most lesions (55%) were seen in corresponding locations in both studies, neither MR nor delayed CT correlated well with lesion localization by neurologic examination because a large number of asymptomatic lesions were imaged and many symptomatic lesions were undetected.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3920877 TI - Chronic seizure disorders: contribution of MR imaging when CT is normal. AB - One hundred consecutive patients with complex partial seizures were studied by magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and computed tomography (CT). Thirty-four patients had seizures of more than 5 years' duration, yet neurologic examinations and previous pre- and postinfusion CT scans had been normal. MR imaging demonstrated surgical lesions of potentially therapeutic significance in four of these 34 patients. Two patients underwent surgery with removal of a thrombosed arteriovenous malformation and a glioma. Although CT has been found to detect structural abnormalities, its yield of therapeutically significant abnormalities has been low. PMID- 3920878 TI - High-field surface-coil MR imaging of localized anatomy. PMID- 3920879 TI - MR imaging of the craniocervical junction. AB - Craniocervical junctions in 35 abnormal and 10 normal subjects were studied with a 0.5 T superconducting magnetic resonance imaging system. Sagittal spin echo with 30 msec echo times and 500 msec repetition times constituted the most informative imaging plane and sequence. The anterior aspect of the foramen magnum was well delineated; the posterior margin was less constant in appearance. Compression and distortion of the medulla and upper cervical cord by bony and extramedullary lesions were seen easily. Intramedullary cysts were differentiated from solid tumors, but ventricular communication was evaluated less successfully because of partial-volume effect of the sections. Cerebellar ectopias were detected in some asymptomatic patients. PMID- 3920880 TI - Demonstration of diastematomyelia and associated abnormalities with MR imaging. AB - Three patients were studied with a 0.3 T superconducting magnet to assess the role of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in the recognition and evaluation of diastematomyelia and associated abnormalities. Comparison was made with other imaging techniques, including metrizamide computed tomographic (CT) myelography. With MR imaging, the divided spinal cord was well imaged in its entire craniocaudal extent, comparable to CT myelography. The bony septum, when it contained a marrow cavity, was also seen well. In two patients, dural ectasia and low position of the spinal cord with and without associated lipoma were clearly imaged. MR imaging demonstrated associated syringohydromyelia in one patient that was not detected by other radiologic studies. This preliminary experience with MR imaging of diastematomyelia suggests that once the bony details of the abnormality are defined, MR imaging can delineate the presence and extent of the divided spinal cord as well as its associated abnormalities adequately, obviating other studies. PMID- 3920881 TI - 0.6 T MR imaging of the cervical spine: multislice and multiecho techniques. AB - During a 6 month period, 50 patients with signs and symptoms referable to the cervical spine were studied with a 0.6 T superconducting magnetic resonance (MR) imaging unit. The last 23 of these 50 patients were studied with combined multislice and multiecho techniques. In 38 of the 50 patients, abnormalities were demonstrated on MR images. Intramedullary lesions included syringomyelia (three cases), primary tumors (two), metastatic neoplasm (one), cord atrophy secondary to trauma (one), and multiple sclerosis (one). Intradural, extramedullary lesions included two neurofibromas and two Chiari malformations. The rest of the lesions were extradural: degenerative changes (10), spinal stenosis with cord compression (five), disk degeneration and/or herniation (five), postoperative changes (four), metastases to bone/epidural disease (three), and neurofibromatosis (one). Two patients had more than one abnormality. The MR findings were compared with available routine radiographs, computed tomographic (CT) scans with and without metrizamide, and myelograms. MR imaging was consistently better than routine CT scanning in the detection of lesions of the spinal cord and in directly imaging the effects on the spinal cord of extrinsic abnormalities such as spinal stenosis. Metrizamide-enhanced CT scanning detected all cases of syringomyelia, but it involved an invasive procedure. Myelography alone was slightly less sensitive and considerably less specific than MR in detecting intramedullary lesions and in distinguishing cord neoplasms from syringomyelia. Multislice, multiecho techniques with up to 240 msec echo times (TEs) were particularly helpful in the detection and characterization of extradural processes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3920882 TI - Magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar spine with CT correlation. AB - The results of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and computed tomography (CT) in 18 patients with known degenerative disk disease of the lumbar spine were compared. In 60 intervertebral disk levels studied, there were 17 disks with degeneration and disk bulge, and 15 herniated disks. Final diagnoses were based on several factors, with surgical confirmation in five patients. There was good correlation between the two methods at 51 of the 60 levels studied. However, there were major discrepancies in interpretation at nine intervertebral disk levels. These included three false-positive MR imaging interpretations of a herniated disk and one false-negative herniated disk on MR imaging. MR imaging detected one case of disk herniation that was missed prospectively on CT. There were also four presumed degenerated disks seen on MR scans that appeared normal on CT. The conus medullaris was imaged in 16 of 18 patients. The sagittal view proved best for demonstrating both disk abnormality and the conus medullaris. The transaxial view was sometimes helpful in localizing a disk herniation, but partial-volume averaging in the 7-mm slice thickness limited its usefulness. There were five disk herniations that could not be accurately localized on the MR scan. MR imaging proved more sensitive than CT in detecting early disk disease, which appeared as decreased signal intensity within the disk. In three postoperative cases, MR imaging was better able to distinguish between recurrent disk herniation and postoperative scar formation. CT, on the other hand, was more specific in distinguishing herniated disk from disk bulge and proved far superior to MR imaging in localizing disk herniation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3920883 TI - MR imaging of orbital and ocular disease. AB - Magnetic resonance (MR) images of 27 patients with ocular and orbital pathology were reviewed retrospectively and correlated with computed tomography (CT), funduscopic examination, and tissue histology. Disease processes were classified by location into ocular, extraconal, intraconal, optic nerve, and orbital apex. The diagnostic efficacy of MR differed at each location. MR was very sensitive in detecting ocular, extraconal, and intraconal lesions larger than 5 mm but was insensitive in imaging smaller lesions and in detecting pathology of the optic nerve. The limitations of MR were related to 7 mm slice thickness and 2.6 mm interslice gap. The diagnostic accuracy is expected to improve markedly with further developments in thin-section imaging and use of surface coils. PMID- 3920884 TI - Magnetic resonance imaging of a venous angioma. PMID- 3920885 TI - Magnetic resonance imaging of spinal-cord hemangioblastoma. PMID- 3920886 TI - Pneumolabyrinth after temporal bone fracture: documentation by high-resolution CT. PMID- 3920887 TI - Saccular aneurysm of the proximal left common carotid artery. PMID- 3920888 TI - Therapeutic embolization for vascular headache. PMID- 3920889 TI - Coronary artery spasm after abrupt withdrawal of nitroglycerin in rabbits. AB - The potential for abrupt withdrawal of nitroglycerin (NTG) to create coronary artery spasm was assessed in New Zealand white rabbits. In the control setting, electrocardiograms were taken from 7 anesthetized rabbits. The administration of intravenous ergonovine did not provoke ST-segment shifts or arrhythmias. Two inches of topical NTG (2%) was applied 3 times daily to a shaved area on the back of each rabbit over a 6-week period. Forty hours after abrupt withdrawal of NTG, intravenous ergonovine and indomethacin were given. Six of 7 rabbits had electrocardiographic changes: ventricular tachycardia in 2, ventricular fibrillation in 1, and significant (1 mm or more) ST-segment shifts in 5 rabbits. Three rabbits died. Sixty-four hours after NTG administration the remaining 4 rabbits were reexamined. One had baseline electrocardiographic evidence of severe myocardial ischemia. Repeat ergonovine and indomethacin testing in the others revealed ventricular tachycardia progressing to asystole in 1, premature ventricular complexes in 1, and ST-segment elevation in another. Two of the remaining 4 rabbits died. Eighty-two hours after NTG administration the remaining 2 rabbits were found dead in their cages. Nitroblue tetrazolium studies revealed extensive myocardial infarction in both animals. Additional studies were performed in 10 normal rabbits. Neither ergonovine nor indomethacin induced ST segment shifts or arrhythmias in this control population.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3920890 TI - All that sticks is not a band-aid. PMID- 3920891 TI - Effects of verapamil in preventing early postinfarction angina and reinfarction. AB - Because verapamil is effective in the treatment of "preinfarction" angina, a single-blind, placebo-controlled trial was performed in 17 patients admitted to the coronary care unit with transmural acute myocardial infarction (AMI) to assess the effects of verapamil on angina and reinfarction after AMI. The study was terminated because results obtained in the initial 17 patients indicated that verapamil is not as effective in treating angina after AMI as it is in angina before AMI and does not prevent reinfarction. Continuous electrocardiographic monitoring during the first 3 days after AMI showed the presence of transient episodes of ST-segment elevation in 4 patients taking verapamil and 4 patients taking placebo. The total number and duration of transient ischemic episodes was similar in the 2 groups (46 vs 41 and 23 +/- 22 vs 17 +/- 15 minutes, respectively). The percentage of transient ischemic episodes accompanied by chest pain was similar in both groups (10%). The ischemic episodes were never preceded by important increases of heart rate. Four patients taking verapamil and 4 taking placebo had reinfarction within the first 10 days after the incident AMI. These findings suggest that the prevailing mechanisms of myocardial ischemia in the immediate post-AMI period could be different from those operating in angina before AMI. PMID- 3920892 TI - Isosorbide dinitrate and glyceryl trinitrate: demonstration of cross tolerance in the capacitance vessels. AB - Cross tolerance to the arterial effects of sublingual glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) has been demonstrated in subjects taking oral isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN). To determine if cross tolerance also develops in the venous system, the effects of 0.6 mg of GTN on venous capacitance were assessed before (stage A) and during (stage B) therapy with ISDN. Venous capacitance was assessed using the radionuclide blood pool method, with relative changes in regional blood volume measured in the forearm in 6 patients and the splanchnic circulation in 4 patients. Heart rate, blood pressure and blood volume were measured before and at 1-minute intervals for 10 minutes after GTN; there was less than 2% variability in regional blood volume during 6 control measurements. During stage A, 5 minutes after GTN, systolic blood pressure (mean +/- standard deviation) decreased by 14% (from 125 +/- 15 to 107 +/- 19 mm Hg, p less than 0.01) and heart rate increased by 17% (from 68 +/- 14 to 80 +/- 17 beats/min, p less than 0.001), while regional blood volume increased to 101 +/- 2% at 1 minute (difference not significant [NS]), 111 +/- 2% at 5 minutes (p less than 0.001) and 107 +/- 3% at 10 minutes (p less than 0.01) relative to baseline measurements.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3920893 TI - Prospective reimbursement for state-of-the-art medical practice: the case for invasive electrophysiologic evaluation. AB - This study is an examination of the economic consequences of invasive electrophysiologic (EP) evaluation for recurrent supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) and ventricular tachycardia (VT) on a tertiary health care facility during 1980 and 1981. The average cost of hospitalizations for EP evaluation was substantial (SVT, $6,990; VT, $13,897), as was the length of hospital stay (SVT, 12 +/- 8 days; VT, 24 +/- 8 days). The cost of a single EP procedure in the study period averaged $695 (range $200 to $1,206). During follow-up (1 to 3 years), there was substantial improvement in arrhythmia control on EP-based therapy in SVT and VT compared with prior empirical therapy. Cost:benefit analysis strongly favored EP-based therapy over empirical therapy (SVT, 6:1; VT, 18:1) in this follow-up period. Comparison with cost of noninvasive techniques for VT evaluation showed that EP evaluation had comparable cost. Current prospective reimbursement schedules have no DRG category for EP evaluation and do not fairly compensate hospitals for invasive or noninvasive arrhythmia studies. Invasive EP evaluation is both clinically effective and cost-effective in the management of patients with recurrent SVT and VT. Prospective reimbursement plans should include a specific DRG category for these studies. PMID- 3920894 TI - Effects of cyclic (nocturnal) total parenteral nutrition and continuous enteral nutrition on circadian rhythms of blood lipids, lipoproteins and apolipoproteins in humans. AB - The aim of the present study was to investigate the occurrence and characteristics (acrophase, amplitude) of circadian rhythms of serum total cholesterol, free-fatty acids (FFA), triglycerides, lipoproteins (HDL-, LDL-, and VLDL-cholesterol), apolipoproteins A and B, glucose and total proteins in hospitalized patients fed with 12 h nocturnal total parenteral nutrition (TPN) (from 8 PM to 8 AM) including lipids, patients fed with continuous enteral nutrition over 24 h daily spans, and patients eating 3 meals a day serving as controls. All the subjects were synchronized with diurnal activity and nocturnal rest in the hospital routine. The results showed the following: 1) circadian rhythms of total cholesterol, triglycerides, FFA, HDL-, LDL-cholesterol, apolipoprotein A and total proteins were detected in both TPN patients and controls, rhythms of apolipoprotein B and glucose in TPN patients only; in enteral nutrition patients, rhythms were detected for total proteins, glucose and triglycerides only; 2) a significant shift in triglyceride and FFA acrophases was observed in TPN patients, as compared with controls; 3) 24 h mean of both triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations remained unchanged after one month, in both TPN and enteral nutrition patients. The present approach, by extending results of previous investigations, leads one to conclude that, on both a metabolic and a chronobiological basis, cyclic nocturnal TPN is well-tolerated. PMID- 3920895 TI - Selenium repletion and glutathione peroxidase--differential effects on plasma and red blood cell enzyme activity. AB - We studied three children with chronic gastrointestinal disease who had been on intravenous hyperalimentation for periods of time ranging from 4 to 23 months. Each child was found to have low plasma and red blood cell glutathione peroxidase activity. This was associated, in the two children tested, with a marked deficiency of serum selenium. Their plasma glutathione peroxidase levels ranged between 4 and 24% of normal and their red blood cell levels ranged between 4 and 14% of normal. The intravenous alimentation was then supplemented with sodium selenite (240 micrograms Se/d). Within 4-5 weeks, the plasma glutathione peroxidase activity returned to normal. Red cell glutathione peroxidase activity remained essentially unchanged for 4-6 weeks, after which it increased over the following 3-4 months. Red cells were separated by density on a continuous Percoll diatrizoate gradient. In normal individuals, the specific activity of glutathione peroxidase did not differ across the gradient despite a 2.5-fold difference in the specific activity of pyruvate kinase. When studied initially, glutathione peroxidase activity from the deficient patients did not change across the gradient. As the red cell enzyme activity increased with selenium repletion, the highest specific activity was initially found at the top of the gradient (youngest cells). After 3-4 months of supplementation, the specific activity became equal across the gradient. Thus, with selenium repletion, there is a rapid increase in plasma glutathione peroxidase activity, a 4-6 week lag prior to an increase in red cell enzyme activity, and the increase in red cell activity is due to newly synthesized red cells made in the presence of selenium. PMID- 3920896 TI - Agglutination of an EDTA blood sample caused by an EDTA-dependent panagglutinin. AB - A novel example of an EDTA-dependent panagglutinin is described. A blood sample drawn into EDTA for a routine hematologic workup demonstrated strong agglutination due to EDTA-dependent panagglutinins. Previous examples have been detected because of discrepant ABO results. This is the first report of an EDTA dependent panagglutinin that caused agglutination in the EDTA sample collection tube and a false positive direct antiglobulin test. PMID- 3920897 TI - GnRH and HCG tests are both necessary in differential diagnosis of male delayed puberty. AB - The discriminative power of the gonadotropin releasing hormone test and the human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) test in the diagnosis of gonadotropin deficiency was studied in 73 boys referred because of delayed pubertal development or suspicion of gonadotropin deficiency. Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism was confirmed by clinical follow-up in 21 of the boys and excluded in the others because of normal pubertal development. Those latter boys served as a reference group. The post-HCG serum testosterone level was subnormal in hypogonadotropic hypogonadism on 12 of 19 occasions (in the reference group on two of 46 occasions) and the post gonadotropin releasing hormone serum luteinizing hormone level was subnormal on fourteen of 22 occasions (zero of 65). Four of the seven boys with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism who had normal post-HCG testosterone levels had subnormal peak luteinizing hormone levels. Of the remaining three boys, two had low basal testosterone levels. Combining the two tests therefore improved the diagnostic accuracy. PMID- 3920898 TI - Management of toxic epidermal necrolysis in a pediatric burn center. AB - Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is an acute severe exfoliative skin and mucosal membrane disorder with a clinical picture similar to a total-body scald injury. Toxic epidermal necrolysis shares features with severe erythema multiforme seen in Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and is thought by some to be a maximal expression of this syndrome. Drug-related TEN is uncommon in children. Mortalities of 70% have been reported, and death is usually secondary to the bacterial and metabolic consequences of a large open wound. Over the past two years, four children with probable drug-induced TEN were treated successfully. Since the problems of infection, wound care, fluid balance, nutrition, and pain control are similar in TEN and major burn patients, treatment using the principles of burn care may improve survival. PMID- 3920899 TI - Diagnosis-related groups. Their potential impact on pediatric resident training. PMID- 3920900 TI - Atypical presentation of childhood acquired immune deficiency syndrome mimicking Crohn's disease: nutritional considerations and management. AB - A child with acquired immune deficiency syndrome became severely malnourished presumably as a result of multiple gastrointestinal infections, with numerous organisms including campylobacter, giardia, and cryptosporidium. These opportunistic infections preceded laboratory evidence of immune deficiency. Despite severe diarrhea and marked weight loss, there was no laboratory evidence of significant malabsorption. By using nasogastric feedings, we were successful in promoting a 60% weight gain, and a rise in serum albumin from 1.2 to 4.3 g/dl. While eventual outcome was not altered, this particular patient's clinical course was improved. We suggest that malnutrition should not be accepted as inevitable and that malabsorption should not be assumed in similar acquired immune deficiency syndrome patients. Appropriate studies for malabsorption should be done, and high caloric enteral feedings should be used whenever feasible. PMID- 3920901 TI - Epidemiology of sporadic acute non-A, non-B hepatitis in Japan: a comparison with hepatitis A and B. AB - Two hundred fifty-eight patients with clinically and serologically proven sporadic acute viral hepatitis during a period of past 7 years (January 1976 December 1982) were analyzed regarding epidemiology and outcome. The frequency of non-A, non-B (NANB) hepatitis was the highest among the three categories of viral hepatitis; 118 patients had hepatitis NANB (46%), 70 hepatitis A (27%), and 70 hepatitis B (27%). In NANB hepatitis, the mean age was older than in other categories of hepatitis and both sexes were equally affected, in contrast to the male predominance in types A and B. Chronic liver disease developed in 32% of patients with NANB hepatitis, but in none of patients with hepatitis type A or B. These results suggest that in Japan the infectious sources of hepatitis NANB virus(es) are more prevalent than those of hepatitis A and B viruses, and also suggest that one of the possible important factors for the high tendency to chronicity may be concerned with intimate contact with, or evolution from, asymptomatic NANB virus carriers. PMID- 3920902 TI - Heterogeneity of holocarboxylase synthetase in patients with biotin-responsive multiple carboxylase deficiency. AB - Holocarboxylase synthetase activity has been determined in fibroblasts of seven patients with the neonatal form of biotin-responsive multiple carboxylase deficiency. The normal Km for biotin was 15 +/- 3 nmol/l, while in the patients the values ranged from 48 to 1,062 nmol/l. The mean maximum velocity was 27% of normal. Differences among the values obtained for the Km for biotin and the heat stability of holocarboxylase synthetase suggested that the patients studied represented at least four distinct variants at the holocarboxylase synthetase locus. PMID- 3920903 TI - ABC analysis of the relationship between pharmacy charges and DRGs. AB - DRGs and pharmacy charges were analyzed using the ABC analysis for a cross section of hospitals represented in the Blue Cross of Central Ohio (BCCO) region and for Riverside Methodist Hospital (RMH). A total of 43,969 patients were discharged from the 43 BCCO hospitals and 6,121 patients from RMH in the one-year study period. They were retrospectively assigned to 465 and 371 DRG categories, respectively. The ABC analysis of pharmacy charges and DRGs showed that 10 major diagnostic categories (MDCs) accounted for 80.4% and 80.1% of all pharmacy and i.v. charges for the BCCO hospitals and RMH, respectively. Hospital charges were found to be strongly related to pharmacy charges, and length of stay was found to be moderately related to pharmacy charges. In the absence of pharmacy cost data per DRG, the ABC analysis can be used to categorize DRGs on the basis of pharmacy charges. Before using pharmacy or hospital charges data per DRG for resource monitoring, hospital pharmacy directors should investigate the causes of high pharmacy charges for the high-cost DRGs and MDCs. PMID- 3920904 TI - Stability of ranitidine hydrochloride in total parenteral nutrient solution. AB - The stability of ranitidine hydrochloride was studied in a standard total parenteral nutrition (TPN) solution. The Canadian formulation of ranitidine hydrochloride (25 mg/mL) was added in 100-, 200-, and 300-mg doses to approximately 1200 mL of a TPN solution and allowed to stand at room temperature (23 degrees C) for seven days. During this time, samples were drawn at least once a day, and the ranitidine concentration was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. The ranitidine concentration declined at roughly the same rate regardless of the initial concentration. During the study period, each of the three different concentrations declined to less than 70% of the initial concentration. Approximately 10% of the initial concentration was lost in 48 hours. Ranitidine hydrochloride admixtures were stable for up to 48 hours at room temperature in this standard TPN solution. PMID- 3920905 TI - Stability of cytarabine in a parenteral nutrient solution. AB - Stability of cytarabine in a commonly used parenteral nutrient solution was studied. From each of two liters of parenteral nutrient solution for pediatric patients, two 200-mL aliquots containing cytarabine 50 micrograms/mL were prepared. One aliquot from each liter was stored at each of two temperatures (25 and 8 degrees C). At 0, 1, 2, 8, 24, 48, and 96 hours, 1 mL from each sample was mixed with internal standard and the cytarabine concentration was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Samples were also tested for pH and visually inspected for particulate matter and color change. No particulate matter or color change was noted, and no pH changes occurred during 48 hours of testing. Cytarabine concentrations during 96 hours of testing were 90-104.4% of initial concentration. Cytarabine at a concentration of 50 micrograms/mL was stable for at least 48 hours in the parenteral nutrient solution studied. PMID- 3920906 TI - The futility index. An approach to the cost-effective termination of randomized clinical trials. AB - Although the randomized clinical trial is recognized as the method of choice for evaluating therapeutic innovations, it is often enormously expensive--in some instances, as a result of the unnecessary continuation of a trial destined to conclude that an innovation is not superior to standard therapy. Although most large clinical trials in which results evolve over time are monitored for early evidence of efficacy or toxicity, trials are rarely terminated because the probability of a positive result regarding the value of the innovation has become low. This paper discusses the issues involved in the monitoring and early termination of long-term clinical trials and describes the futility index, a probabilistic basis for early termination of trials of innovative therapy when the accumulated data imply small probability of success. Utilization of the futility index in the management of clinical trials of innovations can be of value in reducing, at slight loss of power, the number of unproductive studies carried to completion, thereby creating new opportunities for more effective use of limited resources. PMID- 3920907 TI - Serum C-peptide levels determine glycemic responses in type II diabetic patients treated with combined insulin and sulfonylurea agent. AB - Type II diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous disease. Selection of either insulin or a sulfonylurea agent in addition to diet is usually made empirically. In patients who fail to respond to either agent alone, the potential benefit of combined insulin and sulfonylurea therapy is unclear. We therefore evaluated nine poorly controlled insulin treated type II diabetic patients after addition of a sulfonylurea agent--glyburide--for four weeks. Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), serum glucose, and C-peptide responses to oral glucose were evaluated. Based on a reduction of at least 50 mg/dl in the fasting serum glucose (FSG) at the end of the first week of the combination therapy or a FSG of less than 140 mg/dl, two groups were arbitrarily identified: responders (n = 5) and nonresponders (n = 4). Clinical characteristics including mean age, weight, duration of diabetes, daily dose of insulin, and duration of insulin treatment were not statistically different between the two groups. Mean baseline FSG and HbA1c levels were also not statistically different in both groups. An improvement in mean FSG and glucose tolerance occurred in the responders at the end of four weeks of combined therapy (FSG: 291 +/- 25 vs. 189 +/- 6 mg/dl, p less than 0.05; HbA1c 10.76 +/- 0.80 vs. 9.40 +/- 0.21%, p = NS). The nonresponders had no change in glucose tolerance. The mean fasting and stimulated serum C-peptide levels were significantly higher in the responders at week 4 compared with that of the nonresponders.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3920908 TI - Thrombopoiesis and thrombokinetics--an approach to the evaluation of thrombocytopenia. AB - Thrombocytopenia is a common clinical disorder with a diverse group of etiologies. Traditionally, the approach to identifying the mechanism of thrombocytopenia has been empirical, primarily due to a lack of clear understanding of normal thrombopoiesis and its control. Additionally, readily available clinical measurements that reflect patterns of altered thrombopoiesis are unavailable. Recent experimental and clinical observations permit us to approach this disorder from a kinetic point of view to classify thrombocytopenia by four mechanistic categories: peripheral destruction and consumption, hypoproliferative thrombocytopenia, ineffective thrombopoiesis, and distributional causes. The application of the measurement of mean platelet size, in conjunction with a bone marrow examination, allows the clinician to more readily identify the cause of a low platelet count in a less empirical manner. PMID- 3920909 TI - Effects of maternal ethanol infusion on fetal cardiovascular and brain activity in lambs. AB - Ethanol (1 gm/kg of maternal body weight administered over 1 hour) was infused intravenously into 11 chronically prepared pregnant ewes between 128 to 137 days' gestation. Fetal breathing movements were suppressed for 9 hours following ethanol administration, and both high- and low-voltage fetal electrocortical activity were suppressed for 3 hours and replaced by intermediate-voltage electrocortical activity. Fetal blood gases and pH were not altered. These data support the hypothesis that ethanol suppresses fetal breathing movements by a direct central mechanism rather than indirectly by alteration of electrocortical activity. PMID- 3920911 TI - Differences in twins: the importance of birth order. AB - Despite the clinical impression that firstborn twins do better than second-born twins, recent reports have shown no difference in perinatal mortality between them. In order to evaluate differences in twins, more sensitive means than perinatal deaths are necessary. This study examines differences between 80 firstborn and second-born twin pairs with respect to Apgar score, umbilical venous and arterial blood gas, and acid-base data. The umbilical venous and arterial blood PO2, PCO2, base deficit, pH, and lactic acid concentration were measured in paired samples and compared with the paired t test and chi 2 when applicable. Statistically significant differences favoring twin A, the firstborn, were found in 1-minute Apgar score, umbilical venous pH, PO2, and PCO2, and umbilical arterial PO2. The other factors in umbilical venous and arterial blood did not show statistically significant differences. When these parameters were examined with respect to route of delivery, monochorionic and dichorionic twins, interval between twins, and vertex twins only, with the possible effects of malpresentation eliminated, the results persistently favored the firstborn twin. Thus it is unequivocally demonstrated that there are substantial differences at birth favoring the first twin, despite similar perinatal mortality for both. The data suggest that the second-born twin has potentially greater susceptibility to hypoxia and trauma. PMID- 3920910 TI - Comparison of hepatic impact of oral and vaginal administration of ethinyl estradiol. AB - The pronounced hepatic impact of oral ethinyl estradiol has been attributed by some to its so-called first-pass effect through the liver as only some 40% of ingested ethinyl estradiol reaches the systemic circulation. Others believe that ethinyl estradiol exerts its hepatic effects because of its chemical composition, specifically its 17 alpha-ethinyl group. In an attempt to resolve this controversy, a study was undertaken to determine whether vaginal administration of ethinyl estradiol can selectively reduce the hepatic effects of oral ethinyl estradiol. To compare the effects of oral and vaginal ethinyl estradiol, a group of postmenopausal subjects received either 5 micrograms of oral and 20 micrograms of vaginal ethinyl estradiol or 10 micrograms of oral and 50 micrograms of vaginal ethinyl estradiol in either sequence, respectively. Oral ethinyl estradiol was four to five times more potent than vaginal ethinyl estradiol. The potency ratios of the oral-vaginal ethinyl estradiol doses required to suppress follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone were 4.4 and 3.2 and those to raise sex hormone-binding globulin binding capacity, corticosteroid-binding globulin binding capacity, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol as well as lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were 3.5, 5.0, 4.2, and 4.2, respectively. These essentially equal oral-vaginal route potency ratios for both central nervous system and hepatic effects indicate that vaginal administration of ethinyl estradiol does not selectively reduce its hepatic impact in relation to its central nervous system effects. The pronounced hepatic effects of ethinyl estradiol are therefore attributed to its chemical composition. PMID- 3920913 TI - Recurrent molar pregnancies associated with clomiphene citrate and human gonadotropins. AB - A 34-year-old patient, gravida 7, para 0, with three consecutive spontaneous abortions followed by four recurrent molar pregnancies is described. The patient conceived only with clomiphene citrate or human gonadotropin treatment. The occurrence of molar pregnancies succeeded spontaneous abortions with one remaining pregnancy progressing to gestational trophoblastic disease. The role of clomiphene citrate and human gonadotropins in the pathogenesis of this disease is discussed. PMID- 3920912 TI - Septicemia during pregnancy: a study in different species of experimental animals. AB - When Escherichia coli B6 lipopolysaccharide, 0.2 mg/kg of body weight, was infused into nonpregnant minipigs during a 5-hour period, the animals died after 12 to 16 hours as a result of endotoxic shock. When the same infusion was given to six pregnant minipigs at term, these animals died after only 3 1/2 hours. The decrease in the number of white blood cells, the number of platelets, hematocrit, and clotting factors was not significantly different between the two groups. The acid-base status, however, indicated a much more pronounced metabolic acidosis in the pregnant animals than in the nonpregnant controls. In the pregnant minipigs heart rate, cardiac output, mean arterial pressure, and total peripheral resistance indicated cardiovascular collapse, and the multiple wire, platinum surface electrode revealed a drastic reduction in uterine tissue oxygenation in the pregnant animals. The data support the hypothesis that pregnant animals at term are more susceptible to the harmful effects of lipopolysaccharide. Early death in the pregnant minipigs, however, was not associated with disseminated intravascular coagulation as it is in smaller animals (rat, rabbit, and hamster). PMID- 3920914 TI - IgG subclasses and Gm allotypes of anti-D antibodies during pregnancy: correlation with the gravity of the fetal disease. AB - The IgG subclasses and the Gm allotypes of anti-D antibodies were studied in 103 isoimmunized pregnancies with Rh-positive infants. No allelic exclusion phenomena were observed in patients heterozygous for the studied genes. An analysis of the correlation between the severity of fetal disease and the type of anti-D antibodies shows a greater hemolytic action of the IgG1 subclass and, within this group, those marked by the Gm(4) allotype. These results suggest that the prognostic value of anti-D antibody titers during pregnancy could be modulated by a study of the IgG subclasses and their allotypes. PMID- 3920915 TI - Diffusable proteins of the mucosa of the human cervix, uterus, and fallopian tubes: distribution and variations during the menstrual cycle. AB - The secretory proteins of the mucosa of the cervix, uterus, and fallopian tubes were investigated by measuring the proteins that were released by isolated mucosal areas. Initial screening disclosed that the immunoglobulins IgG and IgA were released in measurable quantities, but that IgM and the secretory (T) piece of IgA were either absent or present only in trace amounts. Relatively low levels of diffusable total complement activity and the C3 component of complement were present, whereas the C1q, C1r, and C4 components were either absent or present only in trace quantities. No neutral proteinase activity was present, but lysozyme, plasminogen activator, alpha 1-antitrypsin, and alpha 1x antichymotrypsin could be found in reasonable amounts. The site of secretion, concentration, and cyclic variation of the proteins that diffused from the mucosal sites in measurable quantities were studied. The types and amounts of protein secreted by a particular site in the cervix, uterus, or fallopian tube varied from those of protein from other sites, even within the same organ. During the menstrual cycle, variations occurred in the amount of protein secreted by each mucosal site. However, whether an increase or a decrease in the release of a particular protein took place varied with each protein, even at the same site. The mucosal sites also differed from each other in their response to the phase of the menstrual cycle, that is, whether more or less protein was released, even sites within the same organ. The conclusion is that each organ and even different sites within an organ can respond independently from each other to changes in hormone levels, producing different types and amounts of secretory proteins. The amount of diffusable protein produced by an individual site during the menstrual cycle depends on the type of protein as well as the mucosal site. PMID- 3920916 TI - Failure of acetazolamide to decrease intraocular pressure in patients with carbonic anhydrase II deficiency. AB - The effect of the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor acetazolamide on intraocular pressure was studied in two patients with carbonic anhydrase II deficiency and in six control subjects. The deficient patients had the autosomal recessive syndrome of osteopetrosis with renal tubular acidosis and cerebral calcification. A dose of 125 mg of intravenous acetazolamide caused a significant (P less than .01) decrease in intraocular pressure from baseline (15.0 +/- 1.5 mm Hg) in the control subjects one hour (11.3 +/- 1.5 mm Hg) and four hours (13.8 +/- 1.2 mm Hg) after drug administration. In contrast, the patients with carbonic anhydrase deficiency showed no such decrease in intraocular pressure; baseline intraocular pressure (19.2 +/- 0.2 mm Hg) was significantly unchanged (P greater than .5) at one hour (20.0 +/- 0.1 mm Hg) and four hours (19.2 +/- 0.2 mm Hg). PMID- 3920917 TI - Relative brain size in monkeys and prosimians. AB - Prosimians have smaller brains relative to their body sizes than do monkeys. Brain and body weights, however, are associated not only on the basis of the brain integrating sensorimotor functions, but also on the basis of the body's requirement to support the energetic needs of the brain. Prosimians differ from monkeys in that they have lower rates of oxygen turnover. When body size is adjusted for its rate of oxygen turnover, monkeys and prosimians have equivalent relative brain sizes. A consideration of the brain's energy requirements helps to clarify brain-body relationships. PMID- 3920918 TI - Australopithecine taxonomy and phylogeny in light of facial morphology. AB - The beginning of specialization characterizing the robust australopithecines is manifested in almost every aspect of the masticatory system of Australopithecus africanus. Of particular significance is the presence of two massive bony columns on both sides of the nasal aperture that support the anterior portion of the palate. These columns--the anterior pillars--are viewed as a structural response to the greater occlusal load stemming from the beginning stages of molarization of the premolars and exerted on the more anterior part of the dental arcade. In A. africanus the molarization process is, indeed, just in its initial phase, but the still considerable protrusion of the palate relative to the more peripheral facial frame increases the need for pillars. The anterior pillars and the advancement of the inferior part of the infraorbital plate (the origin of the masseter) play a major role in molding the facial topography of A. africanus. The absence of the pillars and the common position of the masseteric origin lead us to define the face of A. afarensis as the most primitive of the australopithecines and allow us to discriminate between its facial morphology and that of A. africanus. The presence of anterior pillars in the face of the latter places it clearly in the robust australopithecine clade. PMID- 3920919 TI - Endothelium-dependent contractions to arachidonic acid are mediated by products of cyclooxygenase. AB - Arachidonic acid produces endothelium-dependent relaxation in canine arteries and endothelium-dependent contraction in veins. In canine femoral arteries, the relaxation is prevented by inhibitors of cyclooxygenase. To determine the role of cyclooxygenase in the contraction evoked by arachidonic acid in the veins, rings of canine femoral and intrapulmonary veins, with and without endothelium, were suspended in organ chambers and set at their optimum length for isometric tension measurements. In rings of femoral and pulmonary vein contracted with norepinephrine, arachidonic acid produced a concentration-dependent increase in tension that was eliminated by removal of the endothelium or by treatment with the inhibitors of cyclooxygenase (indomethacin, meclofenamate, or acetylsalicyclic acid). The contractions were not prevented by inhibitors of thromboxane synthetase or prostacyclin synthetase or lipoxygenase. Pulmonary and femoral veins with or without endothelium relaxed to low, but contracted to high concentrations of prostacyclin and prostaglandin E2. Prostaglandin F2 alpha caused endothelium-independent contractions in both blood vessels. The present study suggests that the endothelium-dependent contractions to arachidonic acid observed in canine veins are mediated by prostanoids other than thromboxane and prostacyclin. PMID- 3920920 TI - Interaction of CO2 and ammonia on cerebral blood flow and O2 consumption in dogs. AB - Studies of acutely induced hyperammonemia and chronic hyperammonemia associated with liver dysfunction suggest that cerebral blood flow (CBF) and O2 consumption (CMRO2) become uncoupled and that CMRo2 may depend on arterial CO2 tension (PaCO2). We examined CBF (radiolabeled microspheres) and CMRO2 during hypercapnia (PaCO2 congruent to 74 Torr) and hypocapnia (PaCO2 congruent to 21 Torr) both before and during intravenous ammonium acetate infusion in pentobarbital anesthetized dogs. Continuous infusion over 120 min produced stable increases of arterial ammonia levels (1,400 mumol/l) by 30 min, whereas CBF, CMRO2, and O2 extraction (measured at sagittal sinus) remained unchanged when PaCO2 was held constant (congruent to 35 Torr). Acute hyperammonemia attenuated the increase in CBF during hypercapnia by 44% and abolished the decrease in CBF during hypercapnia. Regional blood flow to pons and midbrain increased under normocapnic conditions, and midbrain blood flow increased further during hypocapnia. Sodium acetate infusion did not affect CBF responses to CO2. Thus we failed to observe an uncoupling of global CBF and CMRO2 during normocapnic hyperammonemia, or an interaction of CO2 and ammonia on CMRO2, although the increased pons and midbrain blood flow may reflect regional effects of ammonia on reticular activating system metabolism. On the basis of the literature, we suggest that the attenuated hypercapnic CBF response may arise from impaired glial regulation of extracellular potassium and bicarbonate concentrations and that lactic acid production, enhanced by combined alkalosis and hyperammonemia, may contribute to the abolition of hypocapnic vasoconstriction. PMID- 3920921 TI - Reduction in cerebral arteriolar oxygen consumption by arachidonate. AB - The oxygen consumption of cerebral arterioles from anesthetized cats was measured using the Cartesian diver microrespirometer following in vitro incubation with 200 micrograms/ml of arachidonate or 50 micrograms/ml of 15-hydroperoxy eicosatetraenoic acid (15-HPETE). Both agents depressed oxygen consumption severely. This effect was inhibited completely by a combination of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase, indicating that it is mediated by oxygen radicals. Similar depression of oxygen consumption was observed during incubation of the vessels with xanthine oxidase and acetaldehyde as substrate. This enzymic system is known to generate superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. The effect of xanthine oxidase was also partially inhibited by SOD and catalase. The effect of arachidonate was partially inhibited by cyclooxygenase inhibitors. The effect of lipoxygenase inhibitors could not be adequately tested because they depressed oxygen consumption by themselves. Prostaglandins H2 and E2 had no effect on arteriolar oxygen consumption. The results show that arachidonate and 15-HPETE in high concentration depress cerebral arteriolar oxygen consumption via an oxygen radical-mediated mechanism. Furthermore, the radical is generated in the vessel wall and does not require either the brain parenchyma or the formed elements of the blood or the meninges for its production. PMID- 3920922 TI - Do calories, osmolality, or calcium determine gastric emptying? AB - To determine whether calories, osmolality, or calcium mediate gastric emptying we employed a standardized radioactive meal in 10 normal human volunteers. A variety of simple and complex sugars, medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA), pectin, and gluten were dissolved in water and ingested with the test meal. The studies were also performed with calcium chloride, EDTA, and an equimolar combination of these chemicals. Results of gastric emptying showed that incremental glucose produced an increase in emptying time with a tendency for emptying time to show a proportionally greater delay with increasing glucose concentrations. Fructose and polyhexose had similar effects to glucose. Pentoses (xylose and arabanose) markedly prolonged gastric emptying when compared with the same amount of glucose. The effect of sucrose and gluten on gastric emptying did not significantly differ from controls. Twenty-five grams MCFA had an effect similar to 50 g glucose. Pectin, a complex carbohydrate, produced a varied effect in different individuals. There was no obvious relationship between osmolality and gastric emptying. Calcium chloride and EDTA prolonged gastric emptying, but the equimolar combination gave values similar to controls. Our findings suggest 1) calories nor osmolality alone determine gastric emptying, 2) both calcium and calcium chelation with EDTA prolong gastric emptying, and 3) a specific food does not necessarily produce the same effect on gastric emptying in different individuals. PMID- 3920923 TI - Efficacy of lithium-tranylcypromine treatment in refractory depression. AB - Twelve inpatients with major depression refractory to at least two controlled antidepressant trials had tranylcypromine added to ongoing lithium treatment. Eleven patients showed reliable improvement in nurses' depression ratings compared with a prior trial of lithium added to an antidepressant that was not a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI). Eight patients were blindly judged much or very much improved, and all 12 patients improved sufficiently to be discharged. Preclinical studies of conjointly administered lithium and MAOIs suggest that central serotonergic pathways may mediate this robust clinical effect. PMID- 3920924 TI - Fracture separation of the olecranon ossification center in adults. AB - Traumatic disruption of an incompletely fused olecranon physis in adults has been reported on only one occasion by O'Donoghue in 1942, while stress fractures of the olecranon physis have been well-recognized and reported. A series of three adult males with traumatic disruption of an incompletely fused olecranon physis was studied. Two were competing in football at the time of the injury, while a third patient sustained the injury during a fall. All of our patients were former throwing athletes and all sustained a direct blow to the dominant elbow at the time of the fracture. In our study, as well as O'Donoghue's reported case, sclerotic fracture margins were noted. Open reduction, internal fixation (ORIF) required and subsequent fibrous union occurred. Two patients chose bone grafting and returned to competitive athletics, while the third patient functioned well at a sedentary level with a fibrous union. These cases suggest a high incidence of fibrous union following ORIF. Primary bone grafting is recommended in an effort to restore normal function with one primary procedure, particularly, in the competitive athlete. PMID- 3920925 TI - A method for demonstration of antibodies to Trypanosoma cruzi by using antigen coated nitrocellulose paper strips. AB - A method for a rapid and accurate demonstration of antibodies to Trypanosoma cruzi by using nitrocellulose paper strips coated with antigens of the parasite was developed and evaluated. Thirty-eight serum samples from 38 individuals infected with T. cruzi had a positive result in the test. Sera from normal individuals and individuals with antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii or Leishmania braziliensis had a negative result. The test was performed in a short period of time at room temperature. The antigen-coated paper may be kept for prolonged periods of time at 4 degrees C or room temperature. PMID- 3920926 TI - Probable pulmonary anisakiasis accompanying pleural effusion. AB - The first probable human case of pulmonary anisakiasis is reported. A 37-year-old Japanese person in California developed pleural effusion after consumption of raw salmon at a seafood restaurant in San Francisco. A marked eosinophilia was noted in the blood and pleural exudate. The patient was tested for helminthic infections by intradermal, complement fixation, Ouchterlony, and immunoelectrophoresis tests using antigens of various worm species. A specific precipitin band was recognized only with Anisakis (Type I larvae) antigen. PMID- 3920927 TI - Accuracy and cost-effectiveness of fine needle aspiration biopsy. AB - Two hundred eighty-six fine needle aspiration biopsies were reviewed. The sensitivity for the diagnosis of malignancy was 90 percent for lymph node specimens, 93 percent for skin and soft tissue masses, and 74 percent for breast cancer. The overall accuracy of the technique was 82 percent for breast lesions, and 90 to 92 percent for soft tissue and lymph node lesions. Traditional open biopsy in an outpatient setting for these tumors is twice as costly as fine needle aspiration biopsy. Further refinement in the use of the cytocentrifuge and immunohistochemical techniques will result in fewer inadequate fine needle aspiration specimens and an increase in the diagnostic information available with this technique. Fine needle aspiration is recommended as the first biopsy technique of choice for localized solid tumors. PMID- 3920928 TI - The fluorometric determination of europium ion concentration as used in time resolved fluoroimmunoassay. AB - A model of the relationships between optimal fluorescence yield, Eu3+ ion concentration, and the concentration of beta-diketone in the determination of Eu3+ ion concentration in aqueous solutions as used in time-resolved fluoroimmunoassays was developed. The model, in addition to optimizing the determination of the metal ion, also presents a new simple and rapid method for the determination of stability constants for the formation of beta-diketone-Eu3+ complexes. It is shown how the method may be extended to determine the formation constants for Eu3+ with other chelates. PMID- 3920929 TI - Separation of histones by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography: analysis of the binding of carcinogens to histones. AB - Reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) has been examined as an approach to the rapid analysis of carcinogen-modified histones. H1 and core histone fractions were prepared by differential acid extraction of 0.35 M NaCl extracted rat liver nuclei previously exposed to [3H]-7r,8t-dihydroxy-9t, 10t-oxy 7,8,9, 10-tetrahydrobenzo(a)pyrene [( 3H]BPDE-I). Using a sodium perchlorate phosphate (PCP)/acetonitrile solvent system, the H1 histone fraction was eluted from an Aquapore RP-300 column in five peaks (P1-P5). The core histone fraction was resolved into eight peaks (C1-C8) using a PCP/acetonitrile-methanol solvent system. The histones of each peak were identified by sodium dodecyl sulfate and Triton/acid/urea gel electrophoresis or amino acid analysis as follows: P1, H1 degrees; P2-P5, four different H1 variant fractions; C1, H4 + A24; C2, H2B; C3, H2A X 2 + to one H2A variant; C4, H2A.1; C5, H2A.1 + two H2A variants; C6, H3.2; C7, H3.3; C8, H3.1. The bulk of radioactivity was covalently bound to histone H2A, which had higher specific activities of BPDE-I than other histones. Significant amounts of radioactivity were observed in histones H3 and H1, but not in histones H2B and H4. These RP-HPLC systems have the advantages of an analysis time within 60 min, the identification of H1, H2A, and H3 variants, and the quantitative analysis of radioactive histones. These results indicate that these RP-HPLC systems are very useful to analyze the binding of carcinogens to histones. PMID- 3920930 TI - Ultrastructural localization of carbonic anhydrase in lysosomes. AB - Ultrastructural localization of carbonic anhydrase was determined by applying Hansson's histochemical method to glutaraldehyde-fixed frozen sections of guinea pig peritoneal polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) and lysosomes isolated from rat liver tissue after the animal had been injected with Triton WR-1339. A positive histochemical reaction for carbonic anhydrase in PMNs was found in the matrix of lysosomes. After PMNs phagocytized polystyrene latex particles or emulsified paraffin oil droplets, a positive reactivity for carbonic anhydrase was found in the space between the lysosomal membrane and the particle. Liver lysosomes also revealed positive carbonic anhydrase histochemical reactivity. To confirm the histochemical reaction, indirect immunoferritin labeling was conducted with rabbit antibody to human red blood cell carbonic anhydrase C on glutaraldehyde-fixed, freeze-thawed human PMNs. Immunolabeling was observed in lysosomes. These results suggest that carbonic anhydrase is a constituent of lysosomes of PMNs and liver cells. PMID- 3920931 TI - Hypocarbia and myocardial circulation. PMID- 3920932 TI - Comparison of the ventilatory effects of etomidate and methohexital. AB - Using a dual-isohypercapnic technique, the authors determined the effect of equipotent doses of methohexital (1.5 mg/kg) and etomidate (0.3 mg/kg) on the ventilatory response to CO2 (VERCO2) in six healthy volunteers. Speed of induction and duration of hypnosis did not differ significantly between the two drugs. Within 2 min after injection, the slope of VERCO2 decreased significantly after both methohexital (from 2.52 to a minimum of 0.15 l . min-1 . mmHg-1, P less than 0.05) and etomidate (from 2.56 to a minimum of 0.62 l . min-1 . mmHg-1, P less than 0.05); the magnitude of this depression did not differ significantly between the drugs. Methohexital also caused a significant decrease in minute ventilation at end-tidal PCO2 of 46 mmHg (VE 46) from 14.6 to 4.3 l . min-1 within 60 s after injection (P less than 0.05). In contrast, after etomidate VE 46 gradually increased from 17.9 1 . min-1 to a maximum of 31.6 l . min-1 at 3.5 min after injection (P less than 0.05); respiratory rate increased significantly, while changes in tidal volume were not significant. Effects of etomidate and methohexital on VE 46 differed significantly (P less than 0.001). These data indicate that, while etomidate and methohexital similarly depress the medullary centers that modify ventilatory drive in response to changing CO2 tensions, ventilation at any given CO2 tension is greater after etomidate than after methohexital. This indicates that etomidate may cause a CO2-independent stimulation of ventilation, suggesting its use for induction of anesthesia in cases where maintenance of spontaneous ventilation is desirable. PMID- 3920933 TI - Effects of halothane on the ventilatory response to hypoxia and hypercapnia in cats. AB - The influence of halothane 0.8-1.2% inspired on the peripheral hypoxic chemoreflex was investigated in 13 cats subjected to artificial brain stem perfusion (ABP). This technique allows for an independent control of blood gas tensions and halothane concentration between blood perfusing the brain stem (central) and the systemic circulation (peripheral). In six cats the ventilatory response to isocapnic hypoxia was assessed during overall halothane anesthesia (HO) before and during ABP. Before ABP, systemic and brain stem circulations both were rendered hypoxic. During ABP, hypoxia was induced systemically while the brain stem was maintained hyperoxic. The ventilatory response in non-ABP cats (mean 698 ml . min-1 at PaO2 6.6 kPa; 50 mmHg) was about half the response in ABP cats (mean 1,194 ml . min-1 at PaO2 6.5 kPa; 49 mmHg), indicating that in the presence of halothane, central hypoxia depressed ventilation appreciably. Compared with chloralose-urethane anesthesia (CU), halothane reduced the ventilatory response to hypoxia in both perfusion conditions but never abolished it. To assess the influence of halothane on peripheral and central mediation of the CO2 response during hypoxia, each was assessed during CU anesthesia, during HO, and with halothane applied exclusively peripherally against a background of CU (CUHP). In all drug states, the periphery was kept hypoxic and brain stem hyperoxic. Compared with CU anesthesia, HO and CUHP anesthesia reduced both peripheral (Sp) and central (Sc) CO2 sensitivity but not the Sp/Sc ratio. Similarly, the extrapolated PaCO2 at zero ventilation was not detectably different among these three states.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3920934 TI - Alfentanil pharmacokinetics in patients with cirrhosis. AB - The pharmacokinetics of alfentanil were studied in 11 patients with alcoholic cirrhosis and 10 control patients during general anesthesia. All patients received 50 micrograms . kg-1 alfentanil as an intravenous bolus injection. Plasma concentrations were measured at intervals up to 10 h, using a specific radioimmunoassay technique. Protein binding was measured by equilibrium dialysis. Patients with cirrhosis had a significantly lower (P less than 0.01) plasma clearance of alfentanil of 1.6 +/- 1.0 ml . min-1 . kg-1 (mean +/- SD) instead of 3.1 +/- 1.6 ml . min-1 . kg-1 in the controls. The total apparent volume of distribution was similar in the two groups. The elimination half-life was prolonged from 90 +/- 18 min in the controls to 219 +/- 128 min in the cirrhotics (P less than 0.01). Patients with cirrhosis had a higher (P less than 0.01) alfentanil plasma-free fraction (18.6 +/- 9.4%) compared with the control patients (11.5 +/- 3.9%). When kinetic parameters were corrected for protein binding, the unbound volume of distribution and the free drug clearance were decreased significantly in patients with cirrhosis. Since the concentration alpha 1-glycoprotein to which alfentanil mainly is bound in plasma did not differ in the two groups, it is suggested that the increase in the free fraction is caused by an alteration of binding sites of this protein in patients with cirrhosis. Owing to its delayed elimination and increased free fraction, alfentanil will exert a prolonged and pronounced effect in patients with cirrhosis. PMID- 3920935 TI - Inability to titrate PEEP in patients with acute respiratory failure using end tidal carbon dioxide measurements. PMID- 3920937 TI - False-positive abrupt decrease in EtCO2 during craniotomy in the sitting position. PMID- 3920936 TI - Verapamil treatment of intraoperative coronary artery spasm. PMID- 3920938 TI - Methemoglobinemia and respiratory failure. PMID- 3920939 TI - Feeding gastrostomy. Assistant or assassin? AB - Following several deaths from pulmonary aspiration in severely ill or chronically debilitated patients receiving nasogastric tube feedings, a study was undertaken to determine the incidence of aspiration pneumonitis in patients with feeding gastrostomies. During a 15-month interval, 22 feeding gastrostomies and nine feeding jejunostomies were performed. In the former group, eight patients experienced aspiration pneumonitis, with two deaths. Six patients with Stamm gastrostomies and two patients with permanent mucosal-lined gastrostomies experienced pulmonary aspiration. In contrast, aspiration pneumonia did not occur in our small series of patients with feeding jejunostomies. The high incidence of pulmonary aspiration in patients with feeding gastrostomies strongly suggests that, for chronic enteral nutrition in patients who are unable to protect their airway, a feeding jejunostomy is preferable to a feeding gastrostomy. PMID- 3920940 TI - [Post-hepatitis non-A non-B transient medullar aplasia and acute lymphoblastic leukemia]. AB - We report a clinical hematologic sequential process consisting of transient marrow aplasia post-hepatitis (non A-non B) preceding acute lymphoblastic leukemia. There have not been other reports mentioning a similar evolution. Authors outline the possible pathogenetic mechanisms involved in the sequence of events described. We suggest that viral infection produces a lesion of the stem cell which could have different expressions depending on the stages of the disease at which it is studied. Those varied expressions perhaps could be explained by the modulation induced by the host's immunologic system. PMID- 3920941 TI - Microsporidiosis myositis in a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. PMID- 3920943 TI - The primate premotor cortex: past, present, and preparatory. AB - The concept of a separate premotor cortical field involved in the cerebral control of movement went out of favor among neurophysiologists during the quarter century from 1952 to 1977, but recent studies have led to its rehabilitation. The premotor cortex appears to be one of at least three fields within the motor cortex, two others being the primary motor cortex and the supplementary motor cortex. Several proposals have been presented concerning the functional specializations of the premotor cortex. Although no specific hypotheses have very strong support at present, the best evidence favors a role for premotor cortex in the preparation for and the sensory guidance of movement. PMID- 3920942 TI - NIH conference. Therapeutic applications of luteinizing-hormone-releasing hormone and its analogs. AB - The chemical structure of luteinizing-hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) was discovered in 1971 after more than a decade of intensive effort. Subsequent physiologic studies in primates and humans showed that the biologic activity of LHRH depends on the way in which the hormone is administered. Pulsatile administration of LHRH, which mimics the natural secretory pattern, causes sustained secretion of the gonadotrophins. This method of administration has been used to induce ovulation in women with hypothalamic amenorrhea and to induce puberty and spermatogenesis in men with hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism. Continuous infusion, however, produces only transient stimulation of gonadotrophin secretion, followed by a "desensitization" response in which gonadotrophin secretion is inhibited. Thus, LHRH can either augment or inhibit gonadotrophin secretion depending on the mode of administration. Recently, long acting synthetic analogs of LHRH have been shown to desensitize the pituitary gland and inhibit gonadotrophin release when administered as a single daily subcutaneous injection. These LHRH analogs have proved highly effective in the treatment of prostatic carcinoma and central precocious puberty. They are also being studied as a new approach to contraception and to the treatment of endometriosis and polycystic ovary syndrome. PMID- 3920944 TI - Brainstem control of saccadic eye movements. PMID- 3920946 TI - Spatial frequency analysis in the visual system. PMID- 3920947 TI - Treatment of ocular myoclonus with valproic acid. PMID- 3920945 TI - Postnatal development of vision in human and nonhuman primates. PMID- 3920948 TI - Science and the politics of sexism. PMID- 3920949 TI - Women's "sickness": a case of secondary gains or primary losses. AB - The functionalist view of the sick role is analyzed in terms of its applicability to women. Rather than focusing on the so-called secondary gains of the sick role, attention is given to the primary losses incurred when women's problems are subject to medical definitions and interventions. Women's "sickness" is placed in a historical and sociopolitical context. The "sickness" of the nursing profession and the "sickness" of women are seen as sharing similar symptoms, the same etiology, and hence a common cure. PMID- 3920950 TI - Making sure: integrating menstrual care practices into activities of daily living. AB - Menstruation, when it is occurring, is a continuous phenomenon and is not under voluntary control. In order to manage the menstrual flow and continue to participate in daily life, women have created a self-care process, which is termed "making sure." Making sure enables a culturally appropriate response to an eliminative process, while it minimizes the time and effort directed to menstrual care. This recurring process enables menstruating women to continue their daily activities knowing that the current menstrual care practice is effective and that future menstrual demands can be met easily and readily. PMID- 3920951 TI - Effect of gender role identity on patterns of feminine and self-concept scores from late pregnancy to early postpartum. AB - Relationships among gender role identity, feminine scores, self-concept, and perception of comfort in the mothering role were examined. Fifty-two primiparous and 21 multiparous women completed study questionnaires during the third trimester, 2 to 3 weeks postpartum, and 4 to 6 weeks postpartum. Low feminine gender role identity groups demonstrated the greatest change in feminine and self concept scores over time. Differences in patterns emerged among the groups regarding size and significance of correlations between feminine and self-concept scores. Implications of findings for nursing practice and the study conceptual framework, as well as study limitations, are discussed. PMID- 3920952 TI - Sex-role attributes, gender, and postpartal perceptions of the marital relationship. AB - The relationships of sex-role attributes and gender to perceptions of changes in intimacy and in the overall marital relationship were examined, as was the quality of that relationship following the birth of an infant. For a sample of 165 couples, positive changes in intimacy and in the overall relationship following delivery were positively related to marital quality at four months postpartum. Of gender and sex-role attributes, only femininity contributed significantly to the prediction of overall change and quality. None of the variables predicted perceived change in intimacy. PMID- 3920953 TI - Contraceptive behavior in college-age males related to Fishbein model. AB - Fishbein's Belief-Attitude-Intention-Behavior model states that behavior is predicted on intention, intention is predicated on attitudes, and attitudes are predicated on beliefs. Path analysis was used to test the model with respect to the contraceptive behaviors of 54 college males. In spite of the heterogeneity of the sample, the data supported the model, suggesting that nursing interventions may need to be directed toward beliefs rather than behaviors. PMID- 3920955 TI - Toward an understanding of mother-daughter identification using concept analysis. AB - Mother-daughter identification was analyzed using a concept analysis strategy proposed by Walker and Avant. This strategy was selected because of its utility in clarifying a concept requiring refinement. It was toward this goal that the concept analysis of mother-daughter identification was initiated. Rogers's conceptual model was used to add a new dimension to past conceptualizations of mother-daughter identification, one that allows the concept to be added to a nursing perspective. PMID- 3920954 TI - A theory of protection: parents as sex educators. AB - A theory of protection was proposed to organize and explain the dynamic interactions between parents and children as they relate to sex education. Sixteen mothers were interviewed and the data analyzed through the constant comparative method. The optimal goal of sex education was determined to be self protection, that is, attainment by the child of personal boundary control in order to function positively in society while maintaining his or her own values. The processes of sex education are governed by parents' perceptions of providing protection for the child through the identification and control of boundaries. Major variables moderating the quality of protection are mutuality, knowledge, and values. Using the theory of protection, suggestions are offered for clinical practice, parent teaching, and further investigation. PMID- 3920956 TI - In vitro studies of investigational beta-lactams as possible therapy for Pseudomonas aeruginosa endocarditis. AB - The inadequacy of the present medical therapy of Pseudomonas aeruginosa endocarditis prompted an investigation of the in vitro activities of aztreonam, cefsulodin, and imipenem compared with that of ticarcillin against 37 strains of P. aeruginosa isolated from patients with endocarditis. Inhibitory and bactericidal activities were studied for each beta-lactam alone and in combination with tobramycin. All agents showed excellent inhibitory activity. Imipenem was the most inhibitory beta-lactam yet lacked inhibitory synergy against 95% of the strains and bactericidal synergy against 62%. Tolerance to imipenem was seen in six strains. Aztreonam alone was bactericidal against 46% of the strains (at 16 micrograms/ml) and showed bactericidal synergy in 70%. Cefsulodin alone was even less active but similar to aztreonam synergistically. Ticarcillin and tobramycin inhibited all strains as single agents and showed universal bactericidal synergy in combination. None of the new beta-lactams showed consistent superiority to the presently used agent, ticarcillin. PMID- 3920957 TI - Determination of in vitro susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to cephalosporins by radiometric and conventional methods. AB - Among eight cephalosporins and cephamycins tested in preliminary in vitro screening against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the most promising for further study was found to be ceforanide, followed by ceftizoxime, cephapirin, and cefotaxime. Moxalactam, cefoxitin, cefamandole, and cephalothin were found to be not active enough against M. tuberculosis to be considered for further in vitro studies. The antibacterial activity of various ceforanide concentrations was investigated by three methods: (i) the dynamics of radiometric readings (growth index) in 7H12 broth; (ii) the number of CFU in the same medium; and (iii) the proportion method on 7H11 agar plates. There was a good correlation among the results obtained with these methods. The MIC for most strains ranged from 6.0 to 25.0 micrograms/ml. The BACTEC radiometric method is a reliable, rapid, and convenient method for preliminary screening and determination of the level of antibacterial activity of drugs not commonly used against M. tuberculosis. PMID- 3920958 TI - Susceptibility of enterococci to trimethoprim and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. AB - The in vitro activities of trimethoprim (TMP), alone and in combination with sulfamethoxazole (SMX), against 131 clinical isolates of enterococci, 126 Streptococcus faecalis isolates, and 5 Streptococcus faecium isolates were determined by a broth microdilution method with Mueller-Hinton broth that was substantially free of inhibitory substances. The geometric mean MIC of TMP for strains of S. faecalis was 0.164 micrograms/ml (range, 0.03 to 8 micrograms/ml), with a geometric mean MBC of 0.298 micrograms/ml (range, 0.063 to 8 micrograms/ml). Although all strains were resistant to the sulfonamide alone, the inhibitory and bactericidal activities of TMP against strains of S. faecalis were markedly potentiated when TMP was combined in a fixed ratio of 1:19 with SMX; the geometric mean MIC of TMP was reduced to 0.016 micrograms/ml (range, 0.002 to 0.25 micrograms/ml), with a geometric mean MBC of 0.031 micrograms/ml (range, 0.004 to 0.25 micrograms/ml). The combination had no synergistic effect against strains of S. faecium; the geometric mean MICs and MBCs of both agents were ca. 0.06 micrograms/ml. The MBC/MIC ratios for TMP and TMP-SMX were less than or equal to 16 for all 131 strains. MICs and MBCs for TMP-SMX were unchanged, and for TMP they decreased when performed in broth supplemented with 50% heat inactivated pooled human serum. For TMP and TMP-SMX, the susceptibilities of isolates with high-level resistance to gentamicin or streptomycin were the same as those of isolates susceptible to less than or equal to 2,000 micrograms of aminoglycoside per ml. These results suggest that TMP-SMX and TMP alone could prove useful in the treatment of serious enterococcal infections, including infections by strains with high-level resistance to aminoglycosides. PMID- 3920959 TI - Activities of new quinoline derivatives against genital pathogens. AB - The in vitro activities of four quinoline carboxylic acids against 48 strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, 10 of Chlamydia trachomatis, and 32 of Ureaplasma urealyticum were compared. Ciprofloxacin was the most active against N. gonorrhoeae and C. trachomatis but had poor bactericidal activity against U. urealyticum, whereas ofloxacin showed the most bactericidal activity against U. urealyticum but was less active than ciprofloxacin against the two former pathogens. Norfloxacin and enoxacin were less active against all the studied pathogens. PMID- 3920961 TI - Effects of treatment with azathioprine and cyclosporin A on interferon-gamma production by peripheral blood leukocytes of renal allograft recipients. AB - We have studied the concanavalin A (ConA)-induced interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) production of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of renal allograft recipients. Both under immunosuppressive treatment with azathioprine and with cyclosporin A (CsA) the PBMC of these patients proved deficient for IFN-gamma production when compared to those of healthy controls. After conversion from conventional azathioprine to CsA medication the ConA-induced IFN-gamma production increased. PMID- 3920960 TI - Antimicrobial activity of gentamicin in experimental enterococcal endocarditis. AB - The in vitro activity of gentamicin was compared with its therapeutic efficacy in rabbits with Streptococcus faecalis endocarditis. The test strain was resistant to gentamicin as measured by MICs and MBCs determined in Mueller-Hinton broth alone or in broth supplemented with 50% rabbit serum. Gentamicin also failed to manifest anti-enterococcal activity when evaluated by time-kill studies in broth. However, the addition of serum to the medium did enhance the activity of gentamicin. In the therapy of experimental endocarditis, gentamicin used alone demonstrated anti-enterococcal activity equivalent to that of ampicillin used alone. Vegetation titers in animals treated with gentamicin alone were lower than those of untreated controls (P less than 0.01) and comparable to those in animals treated with ampicillin alone. Thus, gentamicin demonstrated anti-enterococcal activity in vivo despite the resistance observed in vitro, as measured by conventional assays to determine MICs and MBCs. PMID- 3920962 TI - Antimicrobial activities of N-chloramines and diazolidinyl urea. AB - A combination of MICs of an N-chloramine, a simple chlorinated amino acid, and diazolidinyl urea gave synergistic activity against bacteria, but not fungi. The two compounds at a higher concentration, 0.1 and 0.3%, respectively, gave synergistic inhibition of fungi; kill times were 1 h for Trichophyton tonsurans, 3 h for Aspergillus niger and Fusarium moniliforme, and 6 h for Aspergillus fumigatus. PMID- 3920963 TI - Phthalate metabolism in Pseudomonas fluorescens PHK: purification and properties of 4,5-dihydroxyphthalate decarboxylase. AB - Pseudomonas fluorescens PHK uses 4,5-dihydroxyphthalate as the sole carbon source for o-phthalate catabolism. This intermediate is the substrate for a decarboxylase of the pathway yielding protocatechuate. The decarboxylase was purified to homogeneity by an affinity chromatography procedure in which the reaction product, protocatechuate, was used as a ligand. We describe some properties of the enzyme, including its apparent molecular weight of 420,000 as determined by gel filtration and of 66,000 after sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis, consistent with a hexameric functional protein. The apparent Km for the substrate 4,5-dihydroxyphthalate was 10.4 microM. The characteristics of this enzyme are compared with those described for the isofunctional enzyme from P. testosteroni. PMID- 3920965 TI - Quantitative studies of heat-stable proteinase from Pseudomonas fluorescens P1 by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. AB - Pseudomonas fluorescens P1 is a psychrotrophic bacterium isolated from milk. Proteinase P1, the main extracellular heat-stable proteinase fraction of P. fluorescens P1, has been purified to homogeneity. A procedure with a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, using microplates and alkaline phosphatase conjugate was shown to detect 0.25 ng of proteinase P1 in 1 ml of reconstituted skim milk or defatted cream. The method offers the combination of sensitivity and specificity for the detection of these enzymes in milk and dairy products. In reconstituted skim milk cultures proteinase P1 was detectable when the CFU approached 10(7)/ml. Cultures in milk diluted 1:10, 1:30, or 1:100 with water showed detectable proteinase at population densities close to 10(6) CFU/ml. Aeration stimulated proteinase production; thus, a skim milk culture with shaking at 5 degrees C had a proteinase level of 36,000 ng/ml after 7 days as compared to 80 ng/ml in a stationary culture. The rate of inactivation of proteinase P1 at 150 and 55 degrees C as expressed by residual antigenic activity determined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was somewhat different from the rate determined on the basis of residual proteolytic activity. The specificity of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with proteinase P1 antibodies was identical for proteinase P1 and for enzymes from six other strains of P. fluorescens, one Chromobacterium strain, and one Flavobacterium strain. Some psychrotrophic strains produced immunologically unrelated proteinase(s). These preliminary observations indicate that proteinase P1-related enzymes are common among psychrotrophs appearing as spoilage bacteria in milk. PMID- 3920964 TI - Assimilation of cholesterol by Lactobacillus acidophilus. AB - Considerable variation was found among strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus isolated from the fecal flora of pigs with regard to the ability to grow well in the presence of bile and to assimilate cholesterol from a laboratory growth medium. The uptake of cholesterol occurred only when the culture(s) was growing in the presence of bile under anaerobic conditions. Consumption of L. acidophilus RP32, which was selected for its ability to grow well in the presence of bile and to assimilate cholesterol from the laboratory medium, significantly inhibited increases in serum cholesterol levels of pigs (P less than 0.05) fed a high cholesterol diet. Consumption of L. acidophilus P47, which was selected for its ability to grow in the presence of bile and lack of ability to remove cholesterol from the growth medium, failed to have a similar effect. This indicates that certain strains of L. acidophilus act directly on cholesterol in the gastrointestinal tract, and thus may be beneficial in reducing serum cholesterol levels. PMID- 3920966 TI - Biotransformations of 1',2'-dihydrorotenone by Streptomyces griseus. AB - Dihydrorotenone yields three major products when incubated with growing cultures of Streptomyces griseus. These were isolated by solvent extraction and characterized by spectral methods as 1',2'-dihydro-6abeta-hydroxyrotenone, 1',2' dihydro-2',6abeta-dihydroxyrotenone, and 1',2'-dihydro-1',6abeta dihydroxyrotenone. PMID- 3920967 TI - Sucrose gradient analysis of phospholipid-activated beta-glucosidase in type 1 and type 2 Gaucher's disease. AB - Using sucrose density gradients, differences in delipidated lysosomal beta glucosidase isolated from control spleen and spleen from patients with nonneurologic (type 1) and neurologic (type 2) Gaucher's disease have been examined. The three enzymes differ in sedimentation properties as well as in their responsiveness to activation by phosphatidylserine and heat-stable factor. The control beta-glucosidase sedimented as an apparent 45,000-Da species whose activity was dependent upon the inclusion of exogenous sodium taurodeoxycholate in the assay medium. Preincubation with a mixture of phosphatidylserine and heat stable factor converted the control enzyme to a faster-sedimenting form which exhibited considerable activity in the absence of exogenous bile salt. Spleen beta-glucosidase from a patient with type 1 Gaucher's disease exhibited an apparent molecular weight of 154,000 on sucrose gradients. Like the control enzyme, the activity of this form was bile salt dependent. Upon preincubation with phosphatidylserine and heat-stable factor, beta-glucosidase from the type 1 case was also converted to a faster-sedimenting form which was more active in the absence of sodium taurodeoxycholate than in the presence of the bile salt. Spleen beta-glucosidase from the patient with type 2 Gaucher's disease sedimented as a broad peak of activity in the most dense regions of the sucrose gradients, appearing to be much larger than the beta-glucosidase from either the control or the type 1 Gaucher's disease patient. The activity of this large species was strongly dependent upon bile salt, and was not affected by preincubation of the enzyme with phosphatidylserine and heat-stable factor. Using the chaotropic salt, sodium thiocyanate (0.15 M), the spleen beta-glucosidase isolated from the type 1 Gaucher's disease case was converted to a slower-sedimenting species. The control enzyme sedimented slightly farther into the sucrose gradients upon treatment with the NaSCN. Thiocyanate treatment had no effect on the spleen beta-glucosidase isolated from the case of type 2 Gaucher's disease. PMID- 3920968 TI - [Research project of cancer chemotherapy]. AB - Information exchange with regard to new antitumor agents has taken place through meetings dealing with various treatment areas within the US-Japan Cancer Research Program, contact between the National Cancer Institute (NCI) in the USA and the Cancer Chemotherapy Center, and meetings of the Early Clinical Trial Group of the EORTC. Cisplatin. VP16-213, 6-Thioguanine, DTIC and AMSA which were judged to be worth introducing to Japan from information obtained from the above sources were supplied by the NCI and clinical trials have been conducted. A joint study of advanced gastric cancer was conducted between the Northern California Oncology Group and a Japanese Cooperative Group involving 13 major institutions through the US-Japan Program. The study was meaningful for understanding the natural history of patients with gastric cancer in both countries. PMID- 3920970 TI - [Effect of intravenous administration of FT-207 for gastric cancer]. AB - FT-207, 800mg per day, was administered intravenously 2 hours per day for 6 days to 15 patients with gastric cancer. By chemical assay, FT-207 and 5-FU concentrations in the blood and tissues were determined. The FT-207 levels in cancerous tissue, metastatic lymph nodes and normal gastric mucosa were almost equal. The mean 5-FU level in cancerous lesions was 0.110 +/- 0.075mcg/g, and was 0.124 +/- 0.080mcg/g in lymph nodes, and 0.043 +/- 0.021mcg/g in normal mucosa. This showed that 5-FU levels were significantly higher in tumors and lymph nodes than in normal mucosa. (p less than 0.05, p less than 0.01 respectively). The mean blood level of 5-FU was low at 4 hours after FT-207 infusion. In conclusion, intravenous drip administration of FT-207 was considered to be effective for gastric cancer because of the high tumor affinity of 5-FU. PMID- 3920969 TI - [The effect of calcium antagonists on intracellular transport of epidermal growth factor and the conjugate of epidermal growth factor with pseudomonas exotoxin]. AB - Calcium antagonists, verapamil and D600, enhance the toxicity of EGF-PE and anti TFR-PE. EGF and EGF-PE are accumulated in their intact form in the lysosomes of cells treated with D600 or verapamil. Verapamil and D600 decrease the activity of lysosomal enzymes, especially of cathepsin B. Verapamil may enhance the cytotoxicity of EGF-PE by blocking lysosomal degradation of EGF-PE. PMID- 3920971 TI - [Influence of immunopotentiators on the activation of 5-FU derivatives]. AB - As it has been shown that various kinds of immunopotentiators inhibit the hepatic microsomal drug-metabolizing enzymes and reduce the activation of masked compounds such as tegafur, we investigated the influence of immunopotentiators (OK-432 and PSK) on the activation of carmofur (HCFU), which is known to be transformed spontaneously in to the tumor-active substance, 5-fluorouracil (5 FU), in vivo, and compared the results to those obtained for tegafur. After oral administration of tegafur, the area under the plasma concentration curves of 5-FU in rats pretreated with OK-432 and PSK were 72% and 79% of those in untreated rats, while in the case of HCFU almost similar plasma concentration curves for 5 FU were obtained in both treated and untreated rats. These results show that the activation of HCFU to 5-FU is not influenced by treatment with these immunopotentiators. Furthermore, our clinical investigation showed that the survival curves of cancer patients given combination therapy of tegafur with OK 432 tended to be lower than those given a single therapy of tegafur, supporting the above mentioned basic results. PMID- 3920972 TI - [Preoperative combination therapy involving local administration of a non specific immunoactivated preparation (OK-432) and chemotherapeutic preparations for patients with stomach cancer]. AB - OMF therapy, which is a combination therapy consisting of OK-432 administered locally, Mitomycin C and 5-Fluorouracil, was administered to 50 cases of stomach cancer (52 episodes) preoperatively. Judging the criterion for a positive (+) effect as being the existence of degeneration or necrosis in 1/3-1/2 of carcinomas visible within whole fields, the ratio of histological effectiveness shown by this therapy was 75%. As for its effect on metastatic foci of lymph nodes, when 70 case from an n1 group and 8 from an n2 group with metastatic positive lymph nodes, including 17 cases (4 in Stage II and 13 in Stage III) ablated for curing were studied, a greater than positive (+) effect was shown in 51 out of the total of 78. Consequently the effective ratio was 65%. The survival ratio of 16 cases in Stage III on the 48th month calculated by the Kaplan Meier method was 78.6%. The survival time of 50% of 9 cases in Stage IV (absolute non curing ablation) was 15 months. Tissue samples were examined constantly after local administration of OK-432. Exudation of neutrocytes was shown on the 1st day, and that of histiocytes, lymphocytes and plasmacytes on the 4th day. At this stage, degeneration of the primary focus or necrotizing change was observed. Interstitial reaction peaked on the 14th day, but histiocytes tended to decrease. PMID- 3920973 TI - [Phase II study of UFT in cancer of the uterine cervix]. AB - UFT Phase II study was undertaken as a joint research project at 6 institutions on 36 patients with cancer of the uterine cervix. Results showed that, in the 25 of 36 cases in whom results and conclusions were feasible, there was an effectiveness of 16% (CR 3 cases, PR 1 case, NC 17 cases, PD 4 cases). Histologically, there was 25% effectiveness with large-cell, non-keratinizing, epidermoid carcinoma, against 16.7% with small-cell type. Considerable effect was noted as to metastasis effect in terms of location: Virchow 50%, and lungs 33.3%. CR effectiveness was noted in one case of local recurrence following irradiation. In 10 (37%) of the 27 evaluable cases some side effects were observed. Virtually all involved the digestive organs, and serious bone-marrow problems, hepatic or renal impairment were not evident. The findings suggested that UFT is an effective chemotherapeutic agent against carcinoma of the uterine cervix. PMID- 3920974 TI - [A case of complete regression of gastric carcinoma and liver metastases by treatment with tegafur]. AB - The patient was a 70-year-old man who had complained of epigastric discomfort since March 1980. In April his liver was found to be enlarged on examination by his family doctor, and he was referred to our hospital. By X-ray and endoscopic examination a carcinoma of Borrmann type 2 was found in the lesser curvature of the body of the stomach. Biopsy of the tumor disclosed papillotubular adenocarcinoma. multiple liver metastases were demonstrated by computed tomography. From May 1980 tegafur (FT-207, 750 mg) in the from of a suppository was given daily. During the course of endoscopic follow-up the shape of the gastric carcinoma changed to one of an irregular shallow ulceration and biopsy failed to reveal cancer cells in August 1980. In April 1981 only an ulcer scar remained in the stomach. In February 1981 computed tomography showed small low density areas in the liver, but these had completely disappeared by June 1982. Starting in August 1980, tegafur suppository was given on alternate days until June 1984. By this time there had been no recurrence of the carcinoma either in the liver or in the stomach, and the chemotherapy was discontinued. By the WHO standard for cancer chemotherapy this patient therefore corresponds to the class of complete response. PMID- 3920975 TI - [A clinical trial of cis-platinum (II) in combination with PSK and FT-207 in advanced stomach cancer]. AB - A 69-year-old patient with advanced stomach cancer (Borrmann III) was treated with a combination chemotherapy regimen of cis-platinum administered one week after a course of PSK and FT-207. The maximum dosage of CDDP administered was gradually increased step by step from 20 mg/day to 40 mg/day every week. A remarkable decrease of tumor size was observed upon stomach x-ray and endoscopical examination. The cancer marker, serum CEA, determined by RIA also decreased from 59 ng/ml to 3.5 ng/ml. Moreover, no gastrointestinal disturbance was observed during this trial. From the results experienced, in this case, the combination therapy of PSK and FT-207 with CDDP was considered to be one of the most effective antineoplastic therapies available for stomach cancer, suppressing the gastrointestinal disturbances which are usually induced by CDDP administration alone. PMID- 3920976 TI - Childhood asthma and puberty. AB - Thirty eight, chronic, perennial asthmatic children were prospectively examined every six months for a mean 8.9 years to clarify the relation between clinical asthma and puberty. Improvement in the disease occurred independent of puberty but the rate of improvement was appreciably greater during puberty. This led to speculation that improvement in childhood asthma could be associated with an immunological process capable of receiving a powerful stimulus from hormones active during puberty. In addition, children whose illness improved before any sign of puberty had developed could be confidently predicted to 'grow out' of their disease. Conversely, if no improvement was seen by the onset of puberty, a much more guarded prognosis was needed. PMID- 3920977 TI - Toxic oil syndrome, Spain: effect of oleoylanilide on the release of polysaturated fatty acids and lipid peroxidation in rats. PMID- 3920978 TI - Cholinesterase activities in developing amphibian embryos following exposure to the insecticides dieldrin and malathion. PMID- 3920979 TI - Residue levels of polychlorobiphenyls, sigmaDDT, and mercury in bird species commonly preyed upon by the peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus Tunst.) in Sweden. PMID- 3920981 TI - [Neurogenic sarcoma in Von Recklinghausen's disease. Histological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study of 6 cases]. PMID- 3920980 TI - National Pesticide Monitoring Program: residues of organochlorine chemicals in freshwater fish, 1980-81. PMID- 3920982 TI - Adenosine cycle in African trypanosomes. AB - African trypanosomes can convert adenosine to adenosine monophosphate. However, in Trypanosoma brucei, as in T. vivax and T. congolense, most of the adenosine is broken down to adenine before conversion to the nucleotide by adenine phosphoribosyltransferase. Trypanosoma brucei and T. vivax use the purine nucleoside hydrolase for adenosine cleavage while T. congolense uses purine nucleoside phosphorylase for the nucleoside cleavage. Trypanosoma vivax also deaminates adenine to hypoxanthine before its conversion to adenosine monophosphate by way of inosine monophosphate. All African trypanosomes lack adenosine deaminase. This finding particularly demonstrates that the effectiveness of the therapy of African trypanosomiasis with adenosine analogue drugs will depend upon the strain of trypanosome which causes the infection. PMID- 3920983 TI - The ABO and Rhesus groups in the north of Nigeria. AB - ABO and Rhesus blood group data were analysed from 43187 blood donors belonging to 34 ethnic groups, predominantly from northern Nigeria. This is the largest series to be reported on from the whole of West Africa. Group O was found in 46.6% of all those examined, but the numbers varied from 33.13% to 64.35% in different ethnic groups. Group A was found in 23.05% and Group B in 25.95%, but again there was much variation in the distribution of the blood groups in different ethnic groups. There was an overall frequency of 3.64% of Rhesus negatives, ranging from 1.4% to 8.72% in different ethnic groups. The results provide basic but useful information concerning many ethnic groups whose blood groups have not previously been reported. PMID- 3920984 TI - Cold ischemic arrest: comparison of calcium-free and calcium-containing solutions. AB - Isolated pumping rat hearts, perfused with reconstituted blood, were studied to compare the effects of 30 minutes of ischemic arrest following calcium-free or normal, calcium-containing cold cardioplegia on recovery of mechanical function, lactate production, myocardial adenosine triphosphate concentration, and release of creatine kinase (CK). As in clinical situations, the volume of the infusate was only three to four times the intracavitary blood volume. Hearts arrested with calcium-free solution showed incomplete recovery of mechanical function, whereas hearts arrested with calcium-containing solution recovered completely. After calcium-free arrest, stroke volume recovered to 76 +/- 29% (standard deviation [SD]) of its prearrest value. Enzyme release (CK) was significantly higher after calcium-free cardioplegia (7.7 +/- 4.6 units [SD]) than after cardioplegia with normal calcium (2.1 +/- 1.6 units [SD]). Since the addition of only 0.025 mmol calcium ions to a liter of calcium-free solution completely prevented its negative effect, it was concluded that calcium-free cardioplegia may cause limited but pronounced damage to myocardial cells, presumably because it removes calcium from the cellular membranes--the so-called calcium paradox. Probably due to residual calcium in blood and extracellular fluid, the damage is not so extensive after calcium-free cardioplegia as to be noticeable in clinical surgical situations. Residual calcium in the heart does not exclude the possibility, however, that a calcium paradox occurs in small scattered areas of the heart. PMID- 3920985 TI - Moonshine drinking among hypertensive veterans in Philadelphia. AB - Nearly two thirds of 200 male hypertensive veterans surveyed in Philadelphia admitted to past ingestion of illicit alcoholic beverages (moonshine), many drinking it recently, and in the North. They were more likely to be black and have gout than those denying moonshine use. But we did not detect unequivocally high bodily lead burden in a small subsample. PMID- 3920986 TI - Multiple myeloma in a homosexual man with chronic lymphadenopathy. AB - Kaposi's sarcoma and B-cell lymphomas have been reported to develop in homosexual men with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or chronic lymphadenopathy syndrome (CLS). We treated what we believe is the first documented case of multiple myeloma complicating CLS in a 31-year-old male homosexual. This broadens the spectrum of B-cell neoplasms associated with AIDS and has implications for the pathogenesis of B-cell lymphomas and the evaluation of these high-risk patients. PMID- 3920987 TI - [Repeated coronarographies in 122 medically treated patients]. AB - 122 patients treated medically 115 men and 7 women aged 51.9 +/- 8.51 years (range 32 to 79 years) underwent repeat coronary angiography 34 +/- 26 months (1 month-11 years) after the initial investigation Patients with normal coronary arteries were excluded. The repeat investigation was performed for aggravation and persistance of symptoms in 74 cases, myocardial infarction in 14 cases, with a view to aortocoronary bypass in 23 cases, for cardiac failure in 8 cases and for ventricular arrhythmias in 3 cases. Three groups of patients could be distinguished: Group I: the coronary angiography was unchanged (41 patients, 33.6 p. 100). The interval between the two investigations was 30.7 +/- 24.8 months. Group II: the coronary lesions had regressed in 12 patients (9.8 p. 100). The interval between the two investigations was 29.4 +/- 23 months. The degree of stenosis was reduced in 6 cases; recanalisation of an occluded artery was demonstrated in 3 cases; coronary spasm was diagnosed in 3 cases. Paradoxically, 4 patients had developed lesions on other coronary segments. Group III: the coronary lesions had progressed in 69 patients (56.6 p. 100). The interval between the two investigations was 36.8 +/- 26.9 months. The progression was observed on a pre-existing stenosis in 51 cases and on an initially normal segment in 34 cases. Left ventricular function had worsened in 21.7 p. 100 of patients compared to only 5.6 p. 100 of patients in groups I and II (p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3920989 TI - [Lambl's excrescences]. AB - First described in 1856 as small, filiform, pale outgrowths from the free border of the cardiac valves, larger specimens can now be detected by echocardiography. We analysed 30 consecutive cases to define the anatomic of LE were determined macroscopically and histological examination was then carried out with six different stains. LE was found on 18 aortic, 10 mitral, 2 tricuspid and 2 pulmonary valves in the 30 patients examined. Their size ranged from 2 to 12 mm with 7 examples being over 5 mm long. Histologically there appeared to be two forms: mobile, pediculated lesions (20 cases) either with the usual changes of an acellular fibrous axis containing rings of granulous orcenophilic material or with more complex associations of these changes resulting in pseudo-papillomata of the valves; the second form of LE is incorporated in the valve itself. It thickens the valve and becomes covered by a layer of flattened endothelium. The histological study suggested several pathogenic mechanisms, all related to local conditions rather than to general circulatory changes: folding of the valvular endothelium onto itself followed by organisation into tubular structures filled with oedema and hyaklin, deposits of fibrin layers on zones of endothelial ulceration caused by trauma on the line of apposition of the cusps with partial detachment of fibrinous material which then endothelialises; finally, subendocardial incorporation of oedema, fibrin, and red blood cells. Although LE may occur in association with non-bacterial thrombolic endocarditis, these two conditions do not seem to be related.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3920988 TI - [Evaluation of coronary reserve in angina pectoris with angiographically normal coronary arteries]. AB - Coronary reserve was studied: 1) during rapid atrial pacing and then, 2) during dipyridamole infusion (0.6 mg/Kg/4 min) in 3 groups of subjects: 13 patients with angina pectoris and angiographically normal coronary arteries (ANC) with proven myocardial ischaemia during atrial pacing, 15 patients with coronary artery disease (COR) and 17 normal controls with normal coronary angiography and atrial pacing. Coronary sinus flow (QCS) was measured by thermodilution and myocardial metabolism studied by the coefficient of lactate extraction (K). At maximal pacing rates, K remained 15 p. 100 in the control group (average 24 +/- 7 p. 100) but was inversed in the ANC (-3 +/- 10 p. 100) and COR groups (-27 +/- 38 p. 100). The risk in QCS was low in the COR group (+60 +/- 33 p. 100) p less than 0.02, but significant in the ANC group (+104 +/- 57 p. 100) and normal controls (+107 +/- 41 p. 100). Coronary reserve, calculated as the percentage increase in QCS with dipryridamole, was found to be the same in the ANC group (+225 +/- 79 p. 100) as in normal subjects (+191 +/- 81 p. 100) but was low in the COR group (74 +/- 42 p. 100, p less than 0,001). Therefore, no reduction in coronary reserve was shown in patients with angina and normal coronary arteries whilst the myocardial ischaemia in coronary disease does seem to be related to an amputation of the coronary reserve. PMID- 3920990 TI - [Medical treatment and long-term development of permanent reciprocal tachycardia in children. Apropos of 10 cases followed for 11 years]. AB - Incessant reciprocating tachycardia (IRT) was diagnosed in 10 children aged 0-11 years (mean 2.5 years), followed-up for an average of 11 years (range 4-22 years). 8 children were treated for an average period of 2.8 years (range 0.5-6 years) with the association of amiodarone and digitoxine. All children were treated initially or secondarily with verapamil and/or betablockers with digitoxine for an average of 4.6 years (range 1-9 years). The true frequency of IRT, its tolerance and the age at diagnosis did not indicate the probable required length of treatment with amiodarone, but only the initial response to this drug. Finally, 5 patients were cured and in sinus rhythm, and the other 5 were well controlled, having only occasional bursts of tachycardia. When we compared one group of 5 cases with clinical signs of cardiac failure and radiological cardiomegaly (CTR greater than 0.60) with a second group of 5 cases in which the arrhythmia was better tolerated, surprisingly, the frequency of intreated IRT was not t he factor which influenced its tolerance (198/min vs 194/min). On the other hand, the following differences were observed between the two groups: a younger age at diagnosis in the first group (5 months vs 4.6 years) responsible for the longer follow-up period (14.5 vs 7 years), earlier treatment period with amiodarone (3.6 years compared to 5.5 years) and a longer treatment period with this drug (3.5 vs 2 years). It was only at about the age of 7 that this treatment could be withdrawn or changed with half the children completely cured, and the other half only controlled.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3920991 TI - [Congenital aortic valve stenosis. Long-term results after valvulotomy]. AB - The cases of 73 patients undergoing valvulotomy for congenital valvular aortic stenosis between 1957 and 1982 were reviewed. Data was updated after recalling patients to the outpatient clinic and/or analysis of the results of a questionnaire sent to the patient's family doctor or cardiologist. Babies less than 12 months old at the time of surgery were excluded from the study. Operation consisted of valvulotomy under direct control with few associated procedures as the valvular lesion was isolated in 89 p. 100 of cases. 5 patients died in the first 30 postoperative days, an operative mortality of 5,4 p. 100. The follow-up period ranged from 1 to 25 years, with 15 patients having been followed up for over 10 years. 6 patients were reoperated with no operative mortality. 2 of whom have since undergone a second reoperation. Of the 59 patients not re-operated, 54 were class I and 5 class II of the NYHA. Of the latter group, 4 are candidates for aortic valve replacement for significant aortic regurgitation. The actuarial survival graph shows a 92.82 p. 100 probability of survival at 5 years, and 86.83 p. 100 at 10 years. Aortic valvulotomy remains a palliative operation which does not protect the patient from subsequent sudden death. PMID- 3920992 TI - [Partial interruption of the inferior vena cava by an endovenous filter. Apropos of 98 patients]. AB - 94 partial interruptions of the inferior vena cava (PIIVC) were carried out in 98 patients between May 1979 and November 1983 with a Mobin-Uddin umbrella filter (58 cases) or a Kim-Ray Greenfield filter (36 cases); one patient who had a double inferior vena cava underwent double PIIVC with a Greenfield filter. The patients (56 women and 42 men) were between 22 and 84 years old (average 60.6 years). Phlebocavography was performed pre-operatively in 93 patients (95 p. 100) and showed thrombus in the IVC (21 cases), common iliac vein (20 cases), ilio femoral vein (32 cases), femoral vein (15 cases), popliteal and/or sural vein (4 cases); the investigation was considered normal in 1 patient. The diagnosis of pulmonary embolism (PE) was made in 86 patients (87.7 p. 100) on clinical and/or pulmonary scintigraphy and/or angiography data. The main indications for PIIVC were major PE (56 cases) or a threatening venous thrombosis (27 cases); other indications included recurrent PE despite adequate anticoagulation, patients with contra-indications to anti-coagulant therapy and pulmonary hypertension due to thromboembolism; 4 PIIVC were carried out during pulmonary embolectomy on cardiopulmonary bypass. The operative mortality was 3.06 p. 100 (3/98) with a global early mortality of 10.2 p. 100 (10/98); morbidity was 12.2 p. 100 (12/98); there were 5 failures of PIIVC. The long-term outcome was studied in the first 80 cases with a mean follow-up of 18 months (4 to 48 months).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3920993 TI - [Vectorcardiography in inferior infarction associated with left bundle-branch block]. AB - The authors report a series of 13 patients, 8 men and 5 women, with an average age of 68 years (range 39 to 87 years) presenting with documented inferior infarction with anteroseptal extension in 2 cases. These patients developed LBBB (complete in 9 cases, incomplete in 4 cases). This complications occurred in the acute phase in 8 cases and 4 months to 9 years later (average 4,5 years) in the other 5 cases. The block was intermittent in 4 patients and became permanent in all cases. The diagnosis of inferior infarction with LBBB was made by vectorcardiography (VCG) in 5 out of the 13 patients (38,4 p. 100) on the criteria suggested by Starr. 3 of the 8 false negative results were directly related to the block which masked the ECG and VCG signs of inferior infarction. The VCG signs observed were an upwards displacement of the QRS loop with preservation of the superior orientation of the initial forces (5 cases). Atypical appearances of LBBB were observed in 2 cases with a posterior and right sided shift of the efferent loop following the anterior and left-sided orientations of the initial forces. The sensitivity of the VCG and ECG is mediocre in inferior infarction with LBBB because the block may mask the electrical signs of inferior infarction. The specificity of the VCG could not be assessed because of the mode of selection of the patients and the small number of cases. PMID- 3920994 TI - [Open heart cardiac surgery in severe renal insufficiency and dialysis patients]. AB - Surgically remediable cardiovascular complications are common in patients with renal failure treated by dialysis. 20 such patients were operated in our department (16 men and 4 women), aged 27 to 61 years (mean 44.5 years). 12 patients had undergone haemodialysis for 1 to 84 months; 4 patients were treated by peritoneal dialysis; the remaining four patients all had severe renal failure with creatinine clearances of less than 10 ml per minute. All patients were operated immediately after a session of dialysis. Particular attention was paid to preserving the peripheral arterial and venous vessels during anaesthesia and cardiopulmonary bypass. The jugular veins were used whenever possible to spare the upper limb veins and the dorsalis pedis arteries were used for the monitoring of systemic blood pressure to spare the radial arteries for eventual arteriovenous fistulae. Weight gain during the operation was limited by cardiopulmonary bypass techniques. The circuit was filled with 200 cc of B 21, 500 cc of isotonic bicarbonate solution and 800 cc of frozen plasma with potassium supplements. Mean weight gain was moderate (1.1 +/- 0.4 kg). 12 patients underwent valve replacement. The surgical indication was acute endocarditis in 6 cases. The aortic valve was replaced in 10 cases and the mitral valve in 2 cases by mechanical valve prostheses because of the high risk of calcification of bioprostheses in severe renal failure. 8 patients underwent coronary bypass graft surgery. Arterial blood pressure was maintained at over 60 mmHg and large doses of heparin were used to protect the arteriovenous shunts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3920995 TI - [Two-dimensional echocardiography of coronaro-cavitary fistulas]. AB - 4 cases of congenital coronary arteriovenous fistulae in children 20 days to 10 years old were studied by 2D echocardiography. The coronary fistulae were treated surgically in all four cases after biplane aortography and selective coronary arteriography. The visualisation of the coronary arteries was performed by systematic use of several echocardiographic views: - left parasternal short axis view through the aortic root, - apical view, - longitudinal and transverse subcostal views. 3 cases of coronary fistulae between the right coronary artery and a cardiac chamber were diagnosed on the basis of significant dilatation (9 to 12 mm) of the right coronary artery, though the origin and diameter of the left coronary artery were normal. 1 case of a fistulae from a single left coronary artery was not diagnosed despite the demonstration of dilatation of the left main stem. Conversely, there were no false positive 2D echocardiographic diagnoses during the study period. The communication of the coronary fistula to the receiving cardiac chamber was demonstrated in two cases (right atrium: 1 case, left atrium: 1 case, on apical and subcostal views. It was not possible to visualise the communication of the coronary fistula with the right ventricle in the other two cases. 2D echocardiography is a non-invasive method of diagnosing coronary arteriovenous fistulae, but the development of a fistula on a single left coronary artery is a potential source of diagnostic error. PMID- 3920996 TI - [Aortocaval fistulas. Apropos of 5 cases]. AB - 5 cases of aorto-iliac aneurysms which fistulised into the inferior vena cava are described. They illustrate the problems encountered in this condition. - DIAGNOSIS: although a classical diagnosis, it is only recognised in 27 p. 100 of cases because the clinical presentation can be very variable. A pulsating, expansive, abdominal mass very suggestive of an aneurysm of the abdominal aorta should alert to the possibility of a fistula within the inferior vena cava when the patient has unexplained cardiac failure, shock, lower limb deep vein thrombosis, urinary or psychological problems. In the absence of a continuous abdominal murmur, the diagnosis may be confirmed by complementary investigations; the investigations of choice are non-invasive. Abdominal ultrasonography showing an aneurysm of the abdominal aorta associated with dilatation of the inferior vena cava is very suggestive of the diagnosis. - The only treatment is surgery. The operative risk depends on the presence of absence of associated retroperitoneal rupture of the aneurysm, the respective mortalities being 83 p. 100 and 15 p. 100. - The principal causes of death are pulmonary embolism and renal failure which necessitate special prophylactic measures (surgical and anaesthetic). PMID- 3920997 TI - [Pneumopathies induced by amiodarone. Clinical, paraclinical and physiopathological data. Apropos of 2 cases]. AB - The authors report the cases of two men with coronary artery disease by amiodarone for 8 and 24 months respectively. They developed clinical and radiological changes of diffuse interstitial pneumonia, characterised by an inflammatory syndrome, restrictive changes on spirometry, reduced CO transfer and abnormal blood gases. Broncho-alveolar lavage showed a lymphocytosis with a large quantity of iodine in the macrophages and the presence of amiodarone and its metabolite in the supernatant fluid. The responsibility of this drug is imputed and the patients were cured within 3 months of its withdrawal with regression of clinical, radiological, spirometric and control alveolar lavage abnormalities. A favourable outcome without steroid therapy is practically unknown in the literature. These cases illustrate the possible risk of alveolitis or diffuse interstitial pneumonia during long term amiodarone therapy, the pathogenesis of which is discussed: iodine overload, direct drug toxicity or an immunological mechanism. PMID- 3920998 TI - [A new electrocardiographic technic: voluntary, sequential ambulatory recording]. AB - Voluntary sequential ambulatory electrocardiographic is a new electrocardiographic diagnostic method. The recorder weighs 300 g and measures 156 X 95,5 X 19 mm. The electrodes, which are an integral part of the device, record the cardiac potentials from the hands and chest wall for a programmed interval of 40 or 20 seconds which can be repeated four or eight times. The recordings are in a solid memory and restituted on an electrocardiograph directly using a cable or by telephonic transmission. The bandpass ranges from 50 Hz to 0.05 Hz (analysis of the ST segment). Our experience after several hundreds of recordings shows: - that the recordings obtained are of good quality and perfectly interpretable (even the ST segment) when the patient cooperates satisfactorily; - that the "diagnostic return" is high because the patient only records when he experiences symptoms (the small size of the recorder enables the patient to wear it continuously for periods of several days); - that the need for the patient to play an active role always requires detailed instructions, a condition which sometimes limits the use of this technique (very old or very young patients). These results indicate that voluntary sequential ambulatory electrocardiography is a very promising technique for diagnosing some paroxysmal symptoms (palpitations, episodes of dizziness, chest pain). It does not supplant continuous electrocardiographic recording (Holter method), a more exacting and costly technique, but could significantly reduce its indications. PMID- 3920999 TI - [Biventricular thrombosis in nephrotic syndrome with hypercoagulability and hypereosinophilia]. AB - A case of double right and left intraventricular thrombosis diagnosed by 2D echocardiography is reported in a 20 year old man with nephrotic syndrome with eosinophilia and hypercoagulability, admitted as an emergency for a staphylococcal septicaemia in shock and anuria. Anticoagulation with heparin did not prevent two episodes of pulmonary embolism. Complete dissolution of the thrombi was obtained by peripheral administration of fibrinolytic therapy (urokinase and plasminogen). The authors discuss the differential diagnosis of echocardiographic appearances of biventricular masses and possible causes of these thrombi are suggested. PMID- 3921000 TI - [Paroxysmal junctional reciprocal tachycardia and fetoplacental anasarca]. AB - Foeto-placental anasarca was diagnosed at 34 weeks gestation in a patient with acute hydramnios. Foetal tachycardia at 300 bpm was recorded. This obstetrical problem led to the birth of a premature baby with generalised oedema, for which the only apparent cause was the tachycardia. This was identified as a paroxysmal junctional reciprocating tachycardia, initiating on atrial extrasystolic echos, terminating on R waves, with lengthening of the PR interval at the onset of tachycardia, without acceleration of the sinus rate and P'R = RP'. Paroxysmal junctional reciprocating tachycardia in utero was responsible for congestive cardiac failure and foeto-placental anasarca. The cardiac failure was treated by foetal delivery, artificial respiration and digoxin. The association of digoxin disopyramide reduces the frequency of attacks of tachycardia and treatment may be stopped after one year's follow-up. PMID- 3921001 TI - [Leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava]. AB - A case of leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava in a 74 year old woman is reported. The clinical and pathological features are described and the outcome and response to treatment analysed. This is a very rare form of malignant disease (less than 100 published cases) which mainly affects elderly women. The diagnosis is often made at a late stage because the symptomatology is not specific and because the tumour is so rare. Treatment is mainly surgical and is only possible in the infrarenal part of the inferior vena cava. It is very difficult or impossible to operate on the upper part of the vessel. The prognostic is poor. There are no reports of survival after 5 years. PMID- 3921002 TI - [Myocardial fibroma. Apropos of a case followed for 11 years]. AB - A case of myocardial fibroma of the left ventricle is described in a young girl. The association of recurrent ventricular tachycardia and radiological deformation of the cardiac silhouette suggested the diagnosis and it was confirmed by myocardial scintigraphy, echocardiography and coronary angiography. At surgery, the tumour was too extensive to be removed. After 11 years follow-up, control of the arrhythmias is satisfactory and there has been no apparent increase in the tumour size. A review of 116 cases in the literature confirms the poor prognosis of myocardial fibroma. The diagnosis was made at autopsy in 60 cases. The 56 remaining patients were operated. Total resection was possible in 37 cases and partial resection in 4 cases. The tumour could not be removed in 15 cases. Overall operative mortality was 35 p. 100 but the prognosis thereafter was good. PMID- 3921003 TI - Chronic active hepatitis of hepatitis B and non-A, non-B etiology. Immunohistochemical localization of hepatitis B core antigen in a series of needle biopsies. AB - Hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) was immunohistochemically demonstrated in 19 of 30 needle liver biopsies (63%) of chronic active hepatitis (CAH) from 15 of 24 patients (63%) whose serum contained hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). The percentage of hepatocytes with nuclear and/or cytoplasmic immunoreactivity was quantified in each biopsy specimen, and these percentages were then compared with the amount of HBsAg and the degree of inflammation within the biopsy specimen. The percentage of HBcAg-positive hepatocytes in a biopsy specimen was greatest in those specimens that contained the most HBsAg, although this finding was not statistically significant. The percentage of HBcAg-positive hepatocytes was greatest in those specimens having the least inflammatory activity, and this was statistically significant (P less than .01). Also, the percentage of biopsy specimens containing HBcAg was increased in those groups with lesser inflammatory activity (P less than .01). By staining for both HBcAg and HBsAg, the detection rate of hepatitis B (HB)-related antigens rose to 27 of 30 biopsies (90%) in 22 of 24 patients (92%). PMID- 3921004 TI - Pharyngoesophageal dysfunctions. The role of cricopharyngeal myotomy. AB - Eighteen patients were evaluated for primary symptoms of cervical dysphagia and/or laryngeal aspiration and subsequently had a cricopharyngeal myotomy. Twelve patients had a neurologic lesion as the cause of the symptoms. Four patients had a Zenker's diverticulum as demonstrated by barium contrast roentgenograms. Two patients complained of persistent suprasternal dysphagia following one or more antireflux repairs for gastroesophageal reflux disease. Esophageal manometry identified a pharyngoesophageal motor disorder in all but four patients, two of the four with Zenker's diverticulum and the two who had an antireflux procedure. The results show that cricopharyngeal myotomy should be reserved for patients with an identifiable motor disorder confined to the pharyngeal phase of swallowing, ie, failure of the pharyngeal pump or cricopharyngeal incoordination and/or incomplete relaxation. Exceptions to this rule are as follows: Zenker's diverticulum, in which an abnormality may not always be detected but of which the results of surgery demonstrate the effectiveness of this procedure; and pharyngoesophageal complaints associated with reflux, most of which resolve with the restoration of distal esophageal sphincter competence. In those few patients in whom these conditions persist, a cricopharyngeal myotomy may be beneficial. Caution should be used in applying the procedure to individuals who have had multiple antireflux repairs. PMID- 3921005 TI - Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction. Management with total parenteral nutrition and a venting enterostomy. AB - A variety of remedies have been suggested for patients with chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction. However, none of these treatments have been particularly effective, and many of these patients have died of malnutrition. Therefore, in an effort to maintain nutrition and avoid repetitive nasogastric intubation, 22 patients (12 adults and ten children) with chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction were managed with long-term total parenteral nutrition (TPN), and 20 also received a "venting" enterostomy. Only two patients had to undergo revision of their gastrostomies. Prior to referral, these 22 patients required 56 admissions for obstruction (1.2 admissions per patient-year). Since the initiation of TPN and placement of a venting enterostomy, these 22 patients required only 17 hospitalizations for obstruction in a total of 80 patient years (0.2 admissions per patient-year). We conclude that patients with chronic intestinal pseudo obstruction who receive TPN at home and have a venting enterostomy can be safely managed for prolonged periods and require fewer hospitalizations for obstruction. PMID- 3921006 TI - [Methodological aspects of the determination of nitrogen metabolism parameters from 15N-tracer experiments on swine based on nitrogen metabolism models. 2. Calculation of N metabolism parameters from the time of urinary excretion of 15N]. AB - After a 45-hour infusion of 15N-lysine and 15N-glycine resp. with pigs of 25 kg live weight, the infusion of the tracer was disrupted and a 3-day reduction phase was made part of the experiment. The N-metabolism parameters such as protein synthesis and decomposition quotas were calculated on the basis of the temporal development of 15N-amounts excreted in urine. The labelling and reduction phases were evaluated simultaneously. By means of including the total N-amount of the animal body the balance calculation becomes more stable. The possible influence of the tracer amino acid in connection with the 3-pool-model is discussed on the basis of the ascertained parameters. PMID- 3921007 TI - Detection of astroviruses in gut contents of nude and normal mice. Brief report. AB - Gut contents of nude and normal mice were examined by electron microscopy in association with an outbreak of diarrhea in a colony of nude mice. Virus-like particles with a morphology consistent with previous descriptions of astroviruses of other species were demonstrated in a high percentage of the animals. PMID- 3921008 TI - Secondary epileptogenesis in man. AB - It is difficult to prove the existence of secondary epileptogenesis in man. In the majority of cases of human focal epilepsy, where the cause is likely to be trauma, infection, or vascular disease, the occurrence of additional or new epileptogenic foci is usually attributed to multiple primary injuries (maturing at different rates), or to progressive disease. Cerebral tumor is the only common cause in which the probability of multiple primary lesions is vanishingly low. Therefore, a personally followed series of cases of cerebral tumor seen as epilepsy are reviewed in which clinical, electrophysiologic, and pharmacologic data are analyzed for evidence of secondary epileptogenesis. Such evidence was found in 34% of our tumor patients. It was possible to demonstrate, in humans, the three stages of secondary epileptogenesis previously documented in animals. A pharmacologic test is described that separates the reversible from the irreversible stage of secondary epileptogenesis and allows prediction of the results of surgical removal of the primary focus. PMID- 3921009 TI - Visual evoked response abnormality in myoclonus epilepsy with large pupils. Occurrence in a family with acorpuscular myoclonus epilepsy. AB - Flash and pattern evoked responses were recorded from three siblings with myoclonus epilepsy who all had strikingly large pupils in daylight. Comparison with the visual evoked responses (VERs) of 15 normal and eight epileptic control subjects (including one with myoclonus epilepsy but normal pupils) disclosed a substantial reduction of the amplitude of the flash response as compared with the normal pattern response in these three patients. It is suggested that the VER constellation and the pupillary abnormality, together with the normal electroretinogram and diffusely distributed relative scotomas, were due to a ganglion cell loss in the retina. PMID- 3921010 TI - Immunocytochemical analysis of normal and acid maltase-deficient muscle cultures. AB - Muscle cultures from patients with infantile and later-onset acid maltase deficiency (AMD) and from unaffected controls were studied immunocytochemically with anti-acid maltase (anti-AM) antibodies and fluorescein-labeled goat anti rabbit IgG second antibody. In control muscle cells, an intense granular distribution of staining was seen, consistent with lysosomal localization of AM. Cultured muscle cells from two patients with infantile AMD (Pompe's disease) did not fluoresce, whereas cells from two patients with AMD of later onset did fluoresce, showing a distribution similar to that of controls. PMID- 3921011 TI - Self-induced photogenic epilepsy in infants. AB - We studied two infants with self-induced photogenic epilepsy and investigated their seizures with simultaneous EEG and videotape recording. A 2-year-old boy showed peculiar head-nodding behavior towards bright light before he manifested myoclonic absence or myoclonic seizures. A 14-month-old infant girl showed blinking in front of the television set before myoclonic jerks developed. Neither head nodding nor blinking was associated with paroxysmal discharges. We concluded that such preictal behavior was not part of the seizure. PMID- 3921012 TI - Effects of maternal caffeine intake on the growth of rat tooth germs in protein energy malnourished neonates. AB - Fourteen rat dams with 8 pups each were fed either a 6, 12 or 20 per cent protein diet upon birth. Another group of 12 dams with the same number of pups was pair fed either a 6, 12 or 20 per cent protein diet supplemented with caffeine (2 mg/100 g body weight). At day 15, randomly-selected pups were injected with [14C] proline to determine collagen synthesis of the incisor and molar tooth germs. Another group of pups was used to determine calcium content of these tooth germs. Body weight, incisor weight and total calcium contents of tooth germs of pups from dams fed with 6 per cent protein diet were greater in the caffeine supplemented group, whereas in the 20 per cent protein diet with caffeine group, these parameters were lower. The molar weights of the 12 per cent protein diet with caffeine animals were greater than the 12 per cent group without caffeine. The total hydroxyproline content of the incisor tooth germs from animals in the 12 per cent protein diet with caffeine was greater than is the non-caffeine group. However, total hydroxyproline of the molar tooth germs in the 20 per cent protein groups with caffeine was less than in the non-caffeine group. The rate of collagen synthesis of the incisor and molar tooth germs showed no difference in the presence or absence of caffeine in the 6, 12 and 20 per cent protein groups. Incisor and molar tooth germs are thus affected differently by the interaction of protein and caffeine, possibly due to differences in the pattern of tooth development. PMID- 3921013 TI - Validating time-sampled observations of courtship in Drosophila melanogaster for behavior genetic analysis. PMID- 3921014 TI - Properties of the NAD(P)H-dependent xylose reductase from the xylose-fermenting yeast Pichia stipitis. AB - Xylose reductase from the xylose-fermenting yeast Pichia stipitis was purified to electrophoretic and spectral homogeneity via ion-exchange, affinity and high performance gel chromatography. The enzyme was active with various aldose substrates, such as DL-glyceraldehyde, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-ribose, D galactose and D-glucose. Hence the xylose reductase of Pichia stipitis is an aldose reductase (EC 1.1.1.21). Unlike all aldose reductases characterized so far, the enzyme from this yeast was active with both NADPH and NADH as coenzyme. The activity with NADH was approx. 70% of that with NADPH for the various aldose substrates. NADP+ was a potent inhibitor of both the NADPH- and NADH-linked xylose reduction, whereas NAD+ showed strong inhibition only with the NADH-linked reaction. These results are discussed in the context of the possible use of Pichia stipitis and similar yeasts for the anaerobic conversion of xylose into ethanol. PMID- 3921015 TI - Glycosyl transferases in chondroitin sulphate biosynthesis. Effect of acceptor structure on activity. AB - The D-glucuronosyl (GlcA)- and N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl (GalNAc)-transferases involved in chondroitin sulphate biosynthesis were studied in a microsomal preparation from chick-embryo chondrocytes. Transfer of GlcA and GalNAc from their UDP derivatives to 3H-labelled oligosaccharides prepared from chondroitin sulphate and hyaluronic acid was assayed by h.p.l.c. of the reaction mixture. Conditions required for maximal activities of the two enzymes were remarkably similar. Activities were stimulated 3.5-6-fold by neutral detergents. Both enzymes were completely inhibited by EDTA and maximally stimulated by MnCl2 or CoCl2. MgCl2 neither stimulated nor inhibited. The GlcA transferase showed a sharp pH optimum between pH5 and 6, whereas the GalNAc transferase gave a broad optimum from pH 5 to 8. At pH 7 under optimal conditions, the GalNAc transferase gave a velocity that was twice that of the GlcA transferase. Oligosaccharides prepared from chondroitin 4-sulphate and hyaluronic acid were almost inactive as acceptors for both enzymes, whereas oligosaccharides from chondroitin 6-sulphate and chondroitin gave similar rates that were 70-80-fold higher than those observed with the endogenous acceptors. Oligosaccharide acceptors with degrees of polymerization of 6 or higher gave similar Km and Vmax. values, but the smaller oligosaccharides were less effective acceptors. These results are discussed in terms of the implications for regulation of the overall rates of the chain elongation fractions in chondroitin sulphate synthesis in vivo. PMID- 3921016 TI - The sites of degradation of rat high-density-lipoprotein apolipoprotein E specifically labelled with O-(4-diazo-3-[125I]iodobenzoyl)sucrose. AB - O-(4-Diazo-3-[125I]iodobenzoyl)sucrose ([125I]DIBS), a novel labelling compound specifically designed to study the catabolic sites of serum proteins [De Jong, Bouma, & Gruber (1981) Biochem. J. 198, 45-51], was applied to study the tissue sites of degradation of serum lipoproteins. [125I]DIBS-labelled apolipoproteins (apo) E and A-I, added in tracer amounts to rat serum, associate with high density lipoproteins (HDL) just like conventionally iodinated apo E and A-I. No difference is observed between the serum decays of chromatographically isolated [125I]DIBS-labelled and conventionally iodinated HDL labelled specifically in either apo E or apo A-I. When these specifically labelled HDLs are injected into fasted rats, a substantial [125I]DIBS-dependent 125I accumulation occurs in the kidneys and in the liver. No [125I]DIBS-dependent accumulation is observed in the kidneys after injection of labelled asialofetuin or human low-density lipoprotein. It is concluded that the kidneys and the liver are important sites of catabolism of rat HDL apo E and A-I. PMID- 3921017 TI - Platelet-activating factor promotes arachidonate incorporation into phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylcholine in neutrophils. AB - Platelet-activating factor (1-0-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, PAF) promotes the incorporation of [1-14C]arachidonic acid most significantly into phosphatidylinositol (PI) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) during the early stages of guinea pig neutrophil-PAF interaction. The stimulation reached a maximum at 10(-7) M and started to decline at 10(-6) M. No changes in the mass of each phospholipid were detected in neutrophils challenged by PAF for 1 to 5 minutes. The stimulation by PAF on the formation of [14C]arachidonoyl-PC but not [14C]arachidonoyl-PI was dependent on the presence of external Ca2+. These results suggest that the increased acylation of PI and PC elicited by PAF is secondary to an increased deacylation of these phospholipids and the mechanisms by which PAF stimulates the deacylation of PI and PC may be different. PMID- 3921018 TI - Arachidonic acid release in rat peritoneal mast cells stimulated with antigen, ionophore A23187, and compound 48/80. AB - Rat peritoneal mast cells respond to various types of secretagogues, such as antigen (receptor-mediated), A23187 (calcium mobilizing), and compound 48/80 (membrane perturbing), and release arachidonic acid from membrane phospholipids prelabeled with [3H]arachidonate. The rate of arachidonic acid liberation varied from one stimulant to the other. Ionophore A23187 (0.1 micrograms/ml) appeared to be most potent in releasing arachidonate among the three stimulants at which doses each secretagogue caused almost equivalent histamine secretion. However, upon stimulation with these three secretagogues, the radioactivity of phosphatidylcholine (PC) was markedly reduced with a concomitant increase of arachidonate radioactivity. Hydrolysis of PC by phospholipase A2 is likely to be the major route of arachidonic acid liberation in either IgE-mediated or non-IgE activation in mast cells. PMID- 3921020 TI - Solubilization of bacterial cells in organic solvents via reverse micelles. AB - A reverse micellar system containing Tween 85 and water in isopropylpalmitate was developed which permitted the solubilization of bacteria in the form of homogenous organic solutions. The presence of the bacteria in solution was demonstrated by light microscopy. Immediately after solubilization, isolated bacterial cells were observed, which by aging tend to form larger aggregates. Cells of Escherichia coli remained viable in this system for at least one day and retained beta-galactosidase activity for an even longer period as indicated by the hydrolysis of x-gal. Cells of an alkane-degrading strain of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus remained viable in the system for several days. PMID- 3921019 TI - Platelet derived growth factor induces ornithine decarboxylase activity in NIH 3T3 cells. AB - Incubation with highly purified human Platelet Derived Growth Factor induced ornithine decarboxylase activity in quiescent NIH 3T3 cells concomitantly with mitogenic stimulation. Pretreatment of cells with a specific ornithine decarboxylase inhibitor, DL-alpha-difluoromethyl-ornithine significantly inhibited the effect of the mitogen on DNA synthesis. These experiments suggest that the mitogenic activity of Platelet Derived Growth Factor, similarly to that of other serum growth factors or tumor promoters, is mediated through rise in polyamine levels. PMID- 3921021 TI - Effects of pertussis toxin-catalyzed ADP-ribosylation on interactions of transducin and the inhibitory GTP-binding protein of adenylate cyclase with guanyl nucleotides. AB - Release of bound [3H]Gpp(NH)p from NG108-15 cell membranes was induced by carbamylcholine, enkephalinamide, and norepinephrine, all of which inhibit adenylate cyclase. Release was blocked by antagonist, was greater with multiple agonists than with one, and required guanyl nucleotides. With membranes from pertussis toxin-treated cells, both total [3H] Gpp(NH)p binding and agonist induced [3H]Gpp(NH)p release was decreased. ADP-ribosylation by toxin of transducin, the retinal GTP-binding protein which is similar in structure and function to that in cyclase, decreased [3H]Gpp(NH)p binding. Thus, the inability to demonstrate agonist-induced [3H]Gpp(NH)p release from toxin-treated NG108-15 membranes may result in part from absence of bound [3H]Gpp(NH)p. PMID- 3921022 TI - Regulation of heme and drug metabolism activities in the brain by manganese. AB - A novel effect of metal ions in the brain is described. Mn was found to alter heme metabolism and the cytochrome P-450-dependent mixed-function oxidase activities in rat brain. A more than 2-fold increase in benzo(alpha)pyrene hydroxylase and 7-ethoxycoumarin deethylase activities were observed in the brain of rats treated for 7 days with Mn. The increases were regionally distributed; the highest elevations were observed in the hippocampus, pons and the caudate putamen. Moreover, in rats treated with Mn for 1 or 7 days a marked depression in the activity of the mitochondrial ALA synthetase was observed. The activity of the microsomal heme oxygenase was also inhibited at 7 days, but not 1 day, after Mn treatment. These inhibitions were reflected in an initial decrease, followed by a rebound return to normal, in the concentration of cytochrome P-450 in the brain. Mn was ineffective in vitro in altering heme and drug metabolism activities. It is suggested that Mn-mediated alterations in heme metabolic activities promote changes in the composition of cytochrome P-450 species in the brain microsomal fractions, such that the relative concentrations of the molecular species which catalyse aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity become selectively increased. PMID- 3921023 TI - Thymidylate synthase inhibition in cells with arrested DNA synthesis is not due to an allosteric interaction in the replitase complex. AB - Activity of thymidylate synthase was measured in situ in leukemia cells by tritium release from [5-3H]dUrd. Aphidicolin, an inhibitor of DNA polymerase alpha, but not thymidylate synthase, caused a time dependent inhibition of the enzyme when added to the cells after [5-3H]dUrd. Cells treated with hydroxyurea and aphidicolin in sequence before addition of [5-3H]dUrd had a high initial thymidylate synthase activity that decreased with time. This pattern indicates that thymidylate synthase activity is linked to DNA synthesis; however, its inhibition by drugs that inhibit DNA synthesis may be due to accumulation of thymidine nucleotide(s), rather than to an allosteric interaction in the replitase complex. PMID- 3921024 TI - Changes in immunoreactive basic somatomedin in conscious and anaesthetized male rats. AB - Basic somatomedin (B-SM) like insulin-like growth factor-I or somatomedin-C belongs to the basic group of somatomedins. In preliminary studies on the control system for B-SM, we have found that plasma levels of immunoreactive B-SM (IRSM) fluctuate in conscious adult male rats. The peaks average 85% of the local baseline level (minimum of 6 points) and occur with an interpeak interval of 2.1 h. In rats anaesthetized with nembutal (50 mg/kg) very few peaks were found. After approximately 3.4 hr. of anaesthesia, plasma IRSM levels dropped precipitously with a calculated T1/2 of 50 minutes. These results suggest that IRSM levels may be related to serum CH levels which occurred 4 hr previously and that part of variation seen in serum levels in conscious rodents may be due to physiological fluctuations. PMID- 3921026 TI - Conserved amino acid sequence domains in alpha-amylases from plants, mammals, and bacteria. AB - Although alpha-amylases from mammals, plants, and bacteria have common functions, the amino acid sequences of enzymes from these three, evolutionarily distant groups of organisms are not known to share common homologies, and active sites have not been identified. Here I demonstrate that there are three sequence domains common to all alpha-amylases that are aligned and spaced at similar intervals along the length of each protein. The first domain in the barley enzymes appears to contain a calcium binding site. These common domains may represent important functional regions, perhaps the active sites. PMID- 3921025 TI - Binding domain for laminin on type IV collagen. AB - Binding of type IV collagen to laminin was studied by attaching one member of the ligand pair to a solid phase. When laminin was bound to a solid phase, type IV collagen exhibited saturable binding. Digestion of type IV collagen with high concentrations of pepsin destroyed the laminin binding activity. Type IV collagen was also found to bind to fibronectin but the binding activity was not destroyed by pepsin treatment. Rotary shadowing electron microscopy of the pepsin digested type IV collagen indicated that the carboxy terminal end region of about 100 nm is cleaved. Rotary shadowing electron microscopy studies demonstrate that the carboxy terminal end of type IV collagen has a major laminin binding site. PMID- 3921027 TI - Inhibition of DNA polymerase alpha, DNA polymerase beta, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase, and DNA ligase II by poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation reaction in vitro. AB - Incubation of DNA polymerase alpha, DNA polymerase beta, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase, or DNA ligase II in a reconstituted poly(ADP ribosyl)ating enzyme system markedly suppressed the activity of these enzymes. Components required for poly(ADP-ribose) synthesis including poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, NAD+, DNA, and Mg2+ were all essential for the observed suppression. Purified poly(ADP-ribose) itself, however, was slightly inhibitory to all of these enzymes. Furthermore, the suppressed activities of DNA polymerase alpha, DNA polymerase beta, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase were largely restored (3 to 4-fold stimulation was observed) by a mild alkaline treatment, a procedure known to hydrolyze alkaline-labile ester linkage between poly(ADP ribose) and an acceptor protein. All of these results strongly suggest that the four nuclear enzymes were inhibited as a result of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of either the enzyme molecule itself or some regulatory proteins of these enzymes. PMID- 3921028 TI - Stimulation of autophosphorylation of rabbit skeletal muscle phosphorylase kinase by glycogen synthase on glycogen particles. AB - Glycogen synthase stimulated the autophosphorylation and autoactivation of phosphorylase kinase from rabbit skeletal muscle. This stimulation was additive to that by glycogen and the reaction was dependent on Ca2+. The effect by glycogen synthase was maximum within the activity ratio (the activity of enzyme without glucose-6-P divided by the activity with 10 mM glucose-6-P) of 0.3 and over 0.3 it was rather inhibitory. The results suggest that autophosphorylation of phosphorylase kinase in the presence of glycogen synthase on glycogen particles may be an important regulatory mechanism of glycogen metabolism in skeletal muscle. PMID- 3921029 TI - Xenobiotic imprinting of the hepatic monooxygenase system. Effects of neonatal phenobarbital administration. AB - The ability of phenobarbital (PB) to neonatally "imprint" or "program" the hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenase system (MOS) was investigated. Phenobarbital (30 mg/kg) was administered subcutaneously to neonatal rats of both sexes on days 1-5 postpartum. Various hepatic MOS activities were measured at 6, 22, 50 and 140 days of age. Six-day-old animals of both sexes displayed the increased hepatic microsomal protein levels and enzyme activities expected from the action of phenobarbital as a transitory MOS inducer. Most of these increases dissipated by 22 and 50 days of age. However, at 140 days of age rats of both sexes that had received neonatal phenobarbital showed increased levels of cytochrome P-450, as well as both P-450 and cytochrome c reductase, ethoxycoumarin O-deethylation, glucuronyl transferase activity, in vitro covalent binding of benzo[a]pyrene to DNA and in vivo covalent binding of aflatoxin B1 to hepatic macromolecular fractions. Neonatal phenobarbital administration can alter the metabolic profile of rats in adulthood, apparently by a mechanism different from that responsible for either transitory PB induction or testosterone imprinting. PMID- 3921030 TI - Imidazole antimycotics: inhibitors of steroid aromatase. AB - Miconazole and clotrimazole, members of a class of imidazole agents which have broad spectrum antimycotic activity, were shown to be potent inhibitors of steroid aromatase activity of human placental microsomes. The I50 values for the inhibition of aromatase activity by miconazole, clotrimazole, ketoconazole, and aminoglutethimide were 0.6, 1.8, 60 and 44 microM respectively. The most effective compound, miconazole, exhibited competitive kinetics with respect to androstenedione, the aromatase substrate. The apparent inhibitory constant (Ki) was 55 nM, under assay conditions where the apparent Km for androstenedione was 220 nM. The inhibition of aromatase activity by miconazole was shown to be reversible by dilution. Miconazole was a relatively poor inhibitor of the cholesterol side chain cleavage activity of a placental mitochondria-enriched fraction, while both clotrimazole and ketoconazole markedly inhibited this mitochondrial monooxygenase activity. Spectrophotometric studies revealed that miconazole bound to the cytochrome P-450 component of the placental microsomal aromatase complex and had negligible effect on NADPH-cytochrome c (P-450) reductase activity. These results strongly support direct interaction of miconazole with microsomal cytochrome P-450 in human placental microsomes with high affinity resulting in the inhibition of aromatase activity. PMID- 3921031 TI - Lipid peroxidation modifies the effect of phenolic anti-inflammatory drugs on prostaglandin biosynthesis. AB - The effects of phenolic anti-inflammatory drug, MK-447, on prostaglandin (PG) I2 and thromboxane (TX) A2 biosynthesis by rat dental pulp tissue were evaluated in the presence of 10 mM mannitol (MA) or 1 mM ascorbic acid with 0.3 mM Fe2+ (A + F). Although MK-447 alone at 1 and 10 microM had no significant effects, MK-447 at 100 microM stimulated both PGI2 and TXA2 biosynthesis, and suppressed the lipid peroxidation in the pulp tissue as estimated by thiobarbituric acid method. MA also reduced the lipid peroxidation, but had no effect on PG and TX production. However, in the presence of MA, the stimulatory effect of MK-447 was potentiated, and the significant effects were observed at concentrations higher than 1 microM. In contrast, A + F remarkably stimulated the lipid peroxidation, and inhibited both PG and TX biosynthesis. In the presence of A + F, MK-447 showed no stimulatory effect, and contrary, at 100 microM inhibited PG and TX production. These results suggest that the cellular levels of lipid peroxidation exert a significant influence on the effects of phenolic anti-inflammatory drugs like MK-447 on PG biosynthesis. The possible mechanism of action for such drugs has been discussed in view of the significance of lipid peroxidation in inflammatory condition. PMID- 3921032 TI - Effect of apomorphine, alpha-methylparatyrosine, haloperidol and reserpine on DOPA production in clonal cell lines (PC-12 and N1E-115). AB - The effect of various drugs on DOPA production in the pheochromocytoma clone PC 12 and the neuroblastoma clone N1E-115 was studied. The N1E-115 cells contain only very low amounts of dopamine due to a lack of the aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase, whereas the PC-12 cells are rich in dopamine. alpha-Methyl-p tyrosine and apomorphine blocked DOPA production in both cell clones. Reserpine and haloperidol reduced the intracellular dopamine in the PC-12 cells and simultaneously induced a blockade of cellular DOPA production. The released dopamine was primarily recovered as 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid indicating a release of dopamine into the cytoplasm. This transient increase of cytoplasmic dopamine by reserpine or haloperidol brings about the inhibition of DOPA production in the PC-12 cells. Our results show that the PC-12 clone especially reacts to various drugs like other in vitro systems and may serve as an additional model for studying drug effects on catecholamine biosynthesis and metabolism. PMID- 3921033 TI - Enhanced production of ethylene from methional by iron chelates and heme containing proteins in the system consisting of quinone compounds and NADPH cytochrome P-450 reductase. AB - The addition of iron chelates or heme containing proteins to the systems consisting of NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase and quinone compounds, such as vitamin K3 (menadione), adriamycin, tetrahydropyranyladriamycin, daunomycin, aclacinomycin A, carbazilquinone, and mitomycin C, showed the enhanced production of ethylene from methional. In the vitamin K3 system, the effective iron chlates were Fe(II)-EDTA, Fe(II)-ADP, Fe(II)-bleomycin A2, and hemin, and the effective iron containing proteins were methemoglobin, myoglobin, ferredoxin, and partially purified cytochromes P-450, P-420, and b5, and the reversed effects were observed by horse radish peroxidase and sulfite reductase from yeast. In the system consisting of aclacinomycin A and methemoglobin, the ethylene production was potently inhibited by radical scavengers, such as Tiron, Tris, thiourea, and KI, and weakly inhibited by some other scavengers. In the system containing vitamin K3 and methemoglobin, the ethylene production was potently inhibited by catalase, but partially by superoxide dismutase, KCN, and NaN3. In this system, the absorption spectrum of methemoglobin was immediately changed to oxyform and quenched with time, and catalase protected the decrement of the spectrum. The addition of hydrogen peroxide or cumene hydroperoxide to methemoglobin also produced ethylene from methional. PMID- 3921035 TI - An EEG investigation on the role of cerebello-rubral system in the effects of diazepam and pentobarbital. AB - The EEG effects of diazepam and pentobarbital at the level of cerebello-rubral pathways (i.e., cerebellar cortex, interposed, fastigial and red nuclei) were studied. The drugs elicited a slowing of frequency and an enhancement of the voltage of the waves at the level of cerebellar and red nucleus leads. The effect was antagonized by picrotoxin or pentamethylenetetrazole, while ethyl - 8 - fluoro - 5,6 - dihydro - methyl-6-oxo-4H-imidazol [1,5 a][1,4]benzodiazepin-3 carboxylate (Ro 15-1788) antagonized only the effect of diazepam. The relationships between the EEG alterations and the behavioural effects of diazepam and pentobarbital, which are endowed with muscle relaxing, sedative-anesthetic and anticonvulsant activity, are discussed. PMID- 3921034 TI - Human rheumatoid arthritic cartilage and its neutral proteoglycan-degrading proteases. The effects of antirheumatic drugs. AB - Measurements were made of the neutral proteoglycan-digesting protease activity in the cartilage matrix breakdown observed in the rheumatoid arthritic process. Normal knee (tibial plateau) cartilage specimens were obtained from 7 fresh cadavers and 29 cartilage specimens were obtained from 23 patients diagnosed as having rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The total neutral metalloproteoglycan-degrading enzyme (NMPE) activity in RA cartilages exhibited roughly an eightfold elevation over that of control subjects. The active form of the NMPE for diseased cartilage was higher than that observed for normal cartilage, but was not statistically different. A very low level of activity was detected for serine proteases and no variation was observed between normal and diseased cartilages. Data obtained from RA cartilages were also analyzed with respect to the relationship between enzyme activities and the patients' medications. Four groups of patients were then selected according to their drug treatments: S + G patients received steroid and gold therapy; S patients received steroids only; NS + NG patients did not receive steroid or gold therapy; G patients received gold therapy alone. The total NMPE activity for each of these groups remained at a very high level. The active enzyme activity measured in S + G and S patients was decreased to a level not different from that of normal controls. Specimens from NS + NG patients presented a significantly higher level of the active form of the enzyme (P less than 0.05) when compared with either normal controls, S + G, or S patients. No significant difference was noted in the level of serine protease activity between the RA cartilage and normal cartilage.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3921036 TI - Tissue distribution and excretion in urine, feces and respiratory CO2 of [14C] ciclosidomine in beagle dogs. AB - 14C-Labelled N-cyclohexanecarbonyl-3-(4-morpholino)-sydnone-imine hydrochloride [( 14C]-ciclosidomine, Neopres) labelled in the sydnone or morpholine position was administered orally and by intravenous injection to beagle dogs at a dose level of 1 mg/kg. The rates and routes of excretion of radioactivity were determined. The oral dose was completely absorbed and most (greater than 70%) of the radioactive label (both positions) was excreted in the urine within the first 24-48 h. The remaining label(morpholine-labelled drug) was found in feces (less than or equal to 8%), respiratory 14CO2 (2.3%) and throughout the carcass, with no major single depot. Radioactivity peaked within four hours. Elimination of dose label from the blood was biphasic, with an alpha phase (t 1/2 of 2.5 and 4.6 h after oral administration of morpholine- and sydnone-labelled drug, respectively) and a very slow beta-phase (t 1/2 = 120 h, both labels). Thin layer chromatography of 0-24 h urines (morpholine label) indicated total metabolism of the parent compound. A device is described for the continuous monitoring over several days of 14CO2 in exhaled breath from a conscious dog. PMID- 3921037 TI - Physiologic and biochemical effects of ritodrine therapy on the mother and perinate. AB - The materno-fetal and neonatal effects of ritodrine were studied in 37 women treated for premature labor with intravenous (i.v.) ritodrine. Marked cardiovascular, respiratory, and biochemical side effects of therapy were seen in the mothers and tachycardia was noted in the fetuses. The neonates of 18 women in whom ritodrine successfully postponed delivery were delivered with good Apgar scores and their admission vital signs and nursery courses were benign. Ritodrine failed to delay delivery more than a week in 19 mothers. There were no differences between their newborns and 20 control neonates in admission vital signs, blood gases, blood chemistries, complete blood counts, platelet counts, peak bilirubin, or duration of oxygen therapy. This study revealed no deleterious effects on neonates delivered after maternal ritodrine therapy despite significant maternal and fetal effects. PMID- 3921038 TI - Efficacy of screening for gestational diabetes. AB - A cost analysis of glucose screening was studied prospectively in 434 patients. All patients underwent a 50-gm oral glucose load followed by a 1-hour plasma glucose screen test at 28 weeks (+/- 2 weeks). Patients with a screen test greater than or equal to 130 mg/dl plasma glucose were further tested with an oral glucose tolerance test. Also, previously described clinical risk factors for diabetes were documented on all patients. A 3.3% prevalence of gestational diabetes was found in 178 patients with risk factors, compared with 2.4% of 256 patients without risk factors, not a significant difference. Ten of the 12 gestational diabetics were at least 24 years old, so that screening only this subgroup would still retain a good sensitivity (83%) but at half the cost of universal screening. Screening on the basis of risk factors other than age is inefficient. Though testing only patients who are 24 years of age or older is more cost effective than universal screening, an individual decision must be made regarding its reduced sensitivity. PMID- 3921039 TI - [Frequency, type and etiology of the most frequent diseases observed in necropsies. Comparison of 2 10-year periods]. PMID- 3921040 TI - [Antithrombin III in plasma free of anti-hemophilic globulin]. PMID- 3921042 TI - Processing of proapolipoprotein AI requires specific conformation. AB - Apolipoprotein AI of human high-density lipoproteins is secreted by hepatocytes as a proapolipoprotein with a N-terminal hexapeptide sequence (Arg-His-Phe-Trp Gln-Gln-) which differs from the prosequence of rat apolipoprotein AI (Trp-Asp Phe-Trp-Gln-Gln). The two proteins have in common the unusual cleavage site -Gln Gln-Asp-Glu-. It is hydrolysed by a specific serum proteinase with the release of mature apo AI. We synthesized a model substrate for the study of the final processing of pro-apo AI by the serum proteinase. It is an undecapeptide embracing the human pro-hexapeptide sequence and the first five N-terminal residues of apo AI, covalently linked to a hydrophilic resin. The N-terminal arginine residue was 3H-labelled. [formula; see text] This sequence was not cleaved by human serum under the conditions under which rat serum processes the pro-form of apo AI secreted by rat hepatocytes. Pepsin and chymotrypsin fragmented the undecapeptide at sites characteristic for these proteinases. We conclude that the proteolytic cleavage at the specific site (-Gln-Gln-Asp-Glu-) requires the correct conformation in addition to the specific amino-acid sequence. PMID- 3921041 TI - [Nickel enzymes in metabolism of methanogenic bacteria. Lecture held on the occasion of the Otto Warburg medal on September 18, 1984]. PMID- 3921043 TI - Factor VIII related antigen in term and preterm newborns with severe neonatal haemorrhage. AB - Plasma factor VIII related antigen (VIIIR:Ag) concentrations were studied in term and preterm newborn infants. The control population was a group of normal children 2 to 12 years of age without any manifest disorder. The aim of the present investigation was to follow the change of VIIIR:Ag in the newborn and to study its level in sick preterm infants with severe bleeding disease. The VIIIR:Ag level in the control children was 86.2 +/- 20.5%. The lowest concentration was measured in term infants between 48-72 hours of life. The highest VIIIR:Ag level (129.1 +/- 8.1%) was found in those preterm newborns who died of pulmonary and intracranial bleeding in the early neonatal period. VIIIR:Ag is a useful marker of endothelial cell damage in the perinatal period. PMID- 3921044 TI - Anaesthesia for carbon dioxide laser surgery on the trachea. Taking turns in the airway. AB - A patient with post-tracheotomy stenosis underwent laser bronchoscopy. A total i.v. technique was used to maintain anaesthesia and provide a stable surgical field. The technique that evolved to allow the laser treatment to be carried out without impairment of ventilation or oxygenation is described. PMID- 3921045 TI - The influence of captopril, the nitrates and propranolol on apparent liver blood flow. AB - Indocyanine green estimated apparent liver blood flow was measured in normal volunteers following glyceryl trinitrate, propranolol, isosorbide mononitrate and captopril. Glyceryl trinitrate and propranolol significantly reduced apparent liver blood flow. Isosorbide mononitrate did not alter apparent liver blood flow or produce an additional reduction in apparent liver blood flow when combined with propranolol. Captopril did not alter apparent liver blood flow despite a significant fall in mean arterial pressure and rise in plasma renin activity. Captopril and isosorbide mononitrate if shown to reduce portal pressure, do so without a fall in apparent liver blood flow. PMID- 3921046 TI - Influence of posture on plasma nitroglycerin. PMID- 3921047 TI - Leuprolide: a review of its effects in comparison with diethylstilboestrol in the treatment of advanced cancer of the prostate. PMID- 3921049 TI - Pulmonary tuberculosis in residents of lodging houses, night shelters and common hostels in Glasgow: a 5-year prospective survey. AB - Despite a high prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis in the vagrant population in large cities, this group is reluctant to accept chest radiograph screening and outpatient chemotherapy. In order to improve the response rate, inducements were given for chest radiographic examinations between 1978 and 1982 to residents in lodging houses, night shelters, common hostels in Glasgow. The response rate improved and 133 cases of active pulmonary tuberculosis were found. Of these, 63% had positive sputum for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The clinical details were available in 105 cases; 40 residents completed adequate chemotherapy and there were 15 deaths. Six deaths could be attributed directly or indirectly to pulmonary tuberculosis. Procedures for case tracing should be improved if this reservoir of pulmonary tuberculosis is to be reduced. PMID- 3921048 TI - Leuprolide: a review of its effects in animals and man. PMID- 3921051 TI - Reduced in-vitro fertilization of human oocytes from patients with raised basal luteinizing hormone levels during the follicular phase. AB - A series of 62 women were managed in the University of Western Australia/PIVET Laboratory in-vitro fertilization programme. In 60 of them follicle growth was stimulated with clomiphene citrate with or without additional human menopausal gonadotrophin (hMG) and in two with hMG alone. Follicles were aspirated at laparoscopy following an hCG trigger injection and occasionally following a spontaneous luteinizing hormone (LH) surge. Oocytes were inseminated with 0.5 X 10(5)-10(5) sperm/ml 3-6 h later. A significant reduction (P less than 0.001) in the fertilization rate of mature oocytes was observed in those patients whose basal serum LH values were greater than 1 SD above the mean. Fifty-nine women subsequently had embryo transfer and of 10 clinical pregnancies, none occurred in those with elevated LH values. Reduced fertilization may be a reflection of premature oocyte maturation or ageing. This may have clinical implications in the management of some patients with unexplained infertility. PMID- 3921050 TI - Successful treatment of infertile women with oligomenorrhoea using a combination of an LHRH agonist and exogenous gonadotrophins. AB - Eight oligomenorrhoeic patients with increased luteinizing hormone (LH) and androgen levels who had failed to conceive during prolonged anti-oestrogen therapy received a new treatment. Large doses of an LH-releasing hormone (LHRH) analogue (HOE 766) were used to suppress circulating gonadotrophin concentrations and block the positive feedback gonadotrophin surge. Ovulation was induced during continued LHRH analogue treatment with exogenous gonadotrophins without interference from the patient's own pituitary. Seven of eight patients conceived rapidly without premature luteinization and without excessive ovarian enlargement. These complications had occurred in control treatment cycles using exogenous gonadotrophins in the absence of the LHRH analogue. PMID- 3921052 TI - Purification of an alanine racemase from Streptococcus faecalis and analysis of its inactivation by (1-aminoethyl)phosphonic acid enantiomers. AB - An alanine racemase has been purified some 30 000-fold almost to homogeneity from Gram-positive Streptococcus faecalis NCIB 6459; the enzyme has been purified to the same extent (4000-fold) from an O-carbamyl-D-serine-resistant mutant with a 7 fold higher enzyme level in crude extract. The racemase has one pyridoxal phosphate molecule per 42-kDa subunit, has a Vmax of 3570 units/mg and a Km of 7.8 mM in the L to D direction, and has a Vmax of 1210 units/mg and a Km of 2.2 mM in the D to L direction. The Keq is 0.8 and kcat/Km values are ca. 3 X 10(5) M 1 s-1. The purified enzyme is inhibited in a time-dependent manner by both L- and D-(l-aminoethyl)phosphonates (Ala-P), confirming observations of Atherton et al. in crude extracts of this organism [Atherton, F. R., Hall, M. J., Hassal, C. H., Holmes, S. W., Lambert, R. W., Lloyd, W. J., & Ringrose, P. S. (1980) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 18, 897]. Studies with [1-2H]-, [1-3H]-, and [1,2-14C]Ala-P rule out enzymic activation and processing as the basis for irreversible inhibition. Thus, enzyme after exposure to [14C]Ala-P or [alpha-3H]Ala-P and gel filtration contains stoichiometric amounts of radioactive label, but denaturation quantitatively releases intact Ala-P into solution as revealed by high performance liquid chromatography and cocrystallization with authentic material. The Ala-P isomers are slow binding inhibitors of this racemase as is the alpha,alpha'-dimethyl analogue but not the D or L isomers of the corresponding phosphinate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3921053 TI - Synthetic derivatives of N3-fumaroyl-L-2,3-diaminopropanoic acid inactivate glucosamine synthetase from Candida albicans. AB - Synthetic derivatives of N3-fumaroyl-L-2,3-diaminopropanoic acid constitute the novel group of glutamine analogs. They are powerful, competitive inhibitors of the glucosamine synthetase (2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucose-6-phosphate ketol-isomerase (amino-transferring), EC 5.3.1.19) from Candida albicans with respect to glutamine and uncompetitive with respect to D-fructose 6-phosphate. Some of the compounds tested irreversibly inactivate glucosamine synthetase with Kinact values of 10(-4) to 10(-6) M. The addition of glutamine protects enzyme from the inactivation, while the absence of D-fructose 6-phosphate lowers the rate of inactivation. An ordered, sequential mechanism is suggested for binding of the inhibitors to the glutamine-binding site. A number of tested compounds act as active-site-directed, irreversible inhibitors. It is suggested that derivatives of N3-fumaroyl-L-2,3-diaminopropanoic acid should be classified as mechanism based enzyme inactivators. Structural requirements for an effective inactivator containing N3-fumaroyl-L-2,3-diaminopropanoic acid moiety are discussed. PMID- 3921054 TI - The reaction of citraconic anhydride with bovine alpha-crystallin lysine residues. Surface probing and dissociation-reassociation studies. AB - Citraconic anhydride reacts readily with alpha-crystallin's lysine residues at pH 7.4. Upon addition of 2 equivalents of citraconic anhydride per equivalent lysine, 24% of the lysine residues were modified without disrupting the native quaternary structure. Further citraconylation led to dissociation into 10 S aggregates. Complete dissociation into subunits (1.4 S) occurred after adding 100 equivalents of citraconic anhydride, resulting in 98% modification. Decitraconylation did not lead to reaggregates identical with the native ones. The unmodified and the once and twice citraconylated alpha-crystallin subunits were discerned by isoelectric focusing according to their theoretical isoelectric points. In the native alpha-crystallin aggregates, nearly all B chains and approx. 60% of the A chains were found to possess at least one surface-exposed lysine residue. No differences between the susceptibilities to citraconylation of the in vivo deamidated (A1 and B1) and the de novo synthesized (A2 and B2) subunits were found. These results support the three-layer spherical assembly model for the alpha-crystallin quaternary structure. PMID- 3921055 TI - A simplified method for the preparation of rat thyroxine-binding prealbumin. Factors influencing its circulating level. AB - Rat thyroxine-binding prealbumin (TBPA) was isolated in three simple steps by means of a serum precipitation by a 5% phenol solution and two consecutive semi preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoreses. The overall yield was 15% and the TBPA preparation contained less than 1% impurities. In addition a monospecific antiserum was raised in the rabbit. In polyacrylamide gel, rat TBPA, as with its human counterpart, migrated anodally to albumin while in agarose gel, its electrophoretic mobility was similar to that of albumin. Serum TBPA measured in adult male Wistar rats did not exhibit a circadian rhythm. However, a significant 13% decrease was observed between 9 and 15 h, followed by the restoration of the initial value by 21 h. TBPA concentration was measured in 1-, 15- and 28-day-old male and female pups as well as in adult rats. The level of this protein increased from 1 to 28 days of age and did not display any sexual difference. Yet, while TBPA concentrations in adult males were similar to those recorded in the 28-day-old pups, for adult females, they returned to the levels measured in the 1-day-old pups. PMID- 3921056 TI - Amino acid sequence around the reactive serine residue of the thioesterase domain of rabbit fatty acid synthase. AB - Two thermolytic peptides containing the reactive serine residue of the thioesterase domain of rabbit fatty acid synthase have been isolated and sequenched by Edman degradation and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. The sequence (V-A-G-Y-S-Y-G) contains the motif G-X-S-X-G found around the reactive serine residue of all known serine proteinases and esterases. PMID- 3921057 TI - The proteoglycans of the canine intervertebral disc. AB - The high-buoyant-density proteoglycans of the nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus of the beagle intervertebral disc have been isolated by CsCl density gradient ultracentrifugation. The sulphated proteoglycans were labelled in vivo with 35SO4, 24 h and 60 days prior to killing. The hydrodynamic size and aggregation of the 24 h, 60 day and resident (from hexuronic acid and hexosamine analysis) proteoglycan subunit populations were determined by Sepharose CL-2B chromatography in the presence or absence of excess hyaluronic acid. The hydrodynamic size of the keratan sulphate-proteoglycan core protein complexes were also determined by Sepharose CL-2B chromatography after chondroitinase ABC digestion of proteoglycans. When initially synthesised (24 h) or after 60 days, the percentage aggregation and hydrodynamic size of the proteoglycans derived from the annulus fibrosus were larger than those present in the nucleus pulposus. Hexosamine, hexuronic and protein determination of the high-buoyant-density fractions showed that the proteoglycans of the nucleus pulposus were richer in chondroitin sulphate than those in the annulus. However there was no difference in Mr of the chondroitin sulphate and keratan sulphate attached to the proteoglycans of the two disc regions, nor were differences detected by HPLC between the proportions of chondroitin 4-sulphate and chondroitin 6-sulphate present in these high-density fractions. In contrast, the low-buoyant-density (1.54 greater than p greater than 1.45) proteoglycan fractions and tissue residues remaining after 4 M GuHCl extraction were found to contain dermatan sulphate, suggesting the presence of a third proteoglycan species possibly associated with the collagen of the fibrocartilagenous matrix. PMID- 3921058 TI - Purification and properties of pig muscle carbonic anhydrase III. AB - Pig muscle carbonic anhydrase III (carbonate hydro-lyase, EC 4.2.1.1) has been isolated and purified to homogeneity with chromatographic techniques. It has been found to be a 30 kDa protein displaying the same three activities (CO2 hydratase, acetate esterase, p-nitrophenyl phosphatase) previously described for the rabbit muscle isoenzyme, including the phosphatase activity not seen in the erythrocyte isoenzymes. The turnover numbers of the three activities are of the same order of magnitude as previously reported for rabbit muscle carbonic anhydrase III. Km and Vmax for the pig muscle CO2 hydratase activity were found to be 83 mM and 6000 s 1, respectively. The extinction coefficient at 280 nm (1 cm light path) is 22.2 for a 1% solution. Five half-cystine residues determined by performic acid oxidation are free for reaction with p-mercuribenzoate but only four are accessible to titration with dithiobisnitrobenzene. The amino acid composition of the pig muscle isoenzyme III has a high level of homology compared with that of rabbit and bovine muscle carbonic anhydrases III. PMID- 3921059 TI - Properties of membrane-bound and solubilized forms of alkaline phosphatase from human liver. AB - To determine whether the properties of alkaline phosphatase in human liver are altered by releasing the enzyme from its native environment, we studied the membrane-bound and purified forms, and the enzyme released by applying phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase-C. The bound enzyme had the lowest affinities for eight substrates and the competitive inhibitor phenylphosphonate. The Ki for inorganic phosphate was lower with the bound enzyme than with the other forms, whereas the values for uncompetitive inhibitors were the same with all three. Phenylglyoxal reacted with essential residues of arginine at similar rates with the bound and purified enzymes, whereas essential cations were more readily removed and replaced in the bound and released forms. Arrhenius plots of the bound enzyme revealed two breaks, with activation energy above the second break similar to that of the purified enzyme. Activity of the bound enzyme increased when the membrane was perturbed by butanol and assayed below 30 degrees C. These experiments demonstrate that, even though binding of alkaline phosphatase to the plasma membrane is not essential for catalytic function, the properties of the enzyme in the membrane are different from those of the soluble form. PMID- 3921060 TI - [Mechanism of the reaction catalyzed by glycogen synthetase I in rabbit skeletal muscle]. AB - 1.5-Gluconolactone was shown to exert a strong inhibiting effect on the activity of rabbit skeletal muscle glycogen synthase I. The Ki values determined according to Dixon (0.13 mM) and Chuang and Bell (0.14 mM) coincide with the Km value for UDPG. Within the pH range of 5.4-7.0, N-ethyl-N'-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (less than or equal to 3 mM) specifically inhibits the carboxyl group, which was supported by the reactivation of the enzyme under mild alkaline conditions. The reversible competitive inhibitor of glycogen synthase and the UDP reaction product as well as 1.5-gluconolactone afford an effective protective effect. It is supposed that the reaction catalyzed by rabbit skeletal muscle glycogen synthase I results in the formation of an intermediate carbonium ion. An essential role in the enzyme activity belongs to the carboxylic group of the active center. PMID- 3921061 TI - [Modification of tryptophan residues in immunoglobulin M by 2-hydroxy-5 nitrobenzyl bromide]. AB - The modification of tryptophan residues in monoclonal immunoglobulin M (IgM) by 2 hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl bromide (RK) was studied at pH 2.0-2.85 and 7.0 and a RK to tryptophan molar ratio (K) from 1 to 40. At pH 2.85, the number of RK residues bound to IgM (N) in account to one HL-fragments does not exceed 10 (the HL fragment of IgM contains 14 tryptophan residues); the plot of N vs K reaches a plateau at K greater than 20. When the pH is lowered to approximately 2, N rises to approximately 15, but the plateau is not reached. At pH 7.0, the modified IgM with N greater than 1 gives a sediment, while the product with N approximately equal to 1 remains in solution. Evidently, the latter contains the most accessible tryptophan residue (calculated per one HL-fragment). This residue was found to be one of the three residues localized in the C mu 2-domain and the adjoining N-terminal part. The possibility of multiple modification of tryptophan residues during the RK interaction with IgM in acid medium at high values of K is discussed. PMID- 3921062 TI - [Analysis of the visible mutations induced by x-rays and ethyl methanesulfonate in the mature spermatozoa of Drosophila melanogaster]. AB - The recessive visible mutations spectrum of chromosome II induced by X-rays and ethylmethanesulfonata (EMS) in mature Drosophila melanogaster spermatozoa has been studied. Treatment of both mutagens resulted in mutations in all 5 genes in stock mei-9LI and only 4--in D-32. The comparison of mutation frequencies of the same genes in two stocks under EMS-treatment demonstrated the statistical difference of mutation frequencies j, pr, cn of two stocks, genes b and vg did not differ. Under the influence of X-rays the differencies have been observed only for gene b. In stock D-32 the mutation frequency differes from the control for b and vg (EMS treatment) and j, pr, vg (under the action of X-rays), in mei 9LI--the mutation frequency of all 5 genes (under the X-rays) and 4 of 5 genes (EMS treatment). PMID- 3921063 TI - Deficiency of neutrophil bactericidal activity in term and preterm infants. A longitudinal study. AB - The present longitudinal study of 40 healthy term infants and 20 preterm infants shows that neutrophil bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus faecalis is transiently but significantly impaired in term infants during the 1st week of life. The deficiency is more severe and prolonged in preterm infants, and may contribute to the neonate's increased susceptibility to infections. PMID- 3921064 TI - Perinatal development of the small intestine and pancreas in rat and spiny mouse. Its relation to altricial and precocial timing of birth. AB - Rat (Rattus norvegicus) and spiny mouse (Acomys cahirinus) are closely related species that mainly differ in the developmental timing of birth. A comparison between the developmental profiles of some characteristic enzymes of the small intestine (lactase and sucrase) and of the pancreas (amylase) of both species was carried out to elucidate the question to what extent these enzymic profiles and hence the maturation of these organs was related to the process of birth. It was found that these organ-specific enzymes become first detectable at the same developmental stage in both species. Likewise, the weaning phase of the enzymic profiles occurred at the same developmental time point in both species. It is argued that both the first appearance and the weaning increase in enzyme activity follow an inherent biological program that can only be modulated by hormones. In contrast, the perinatal phase of the enzymic profile is completely dependent on the developmental timing of birth, and therefore appears not to be anchored to a particular developmental time point but rather to be dependent on birth associated (hormonal) adaptation. In accordance with this hypothesis it was found that the development of the microscopic anatomy of the small intestine proceeded independently of the functional adaptation of the intestine to the process of birth. PMID- 3921065 TI - Biochemical effects of L-deprenyl in atypical depressives. AB - To examine the biochemical effects of 10-30 mg/day L-deprenyl, measurement of 24 hr urinary output of phenylethylamine (PEA), 3-methoxy 4-hydroxy phenylethyleneglycol (MHPG), and L-deprenyl's amphetamine metabolites were carried out before and during the treatment of atypical depressives. Platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity was also assessed. With L-deprenyl 10-30 mg/day, the expected MAO B inhibition occurred, as indicated by significant increase in urinary PEA excretion and virtual disappearance of platelet MAO activity. Twenty five to 33% of the daily dose of L-deprenyl was recovered as urinary methamphetamine or amphetamine. Excretion of MHPG was significantly decreased with L-deprenyl 10-20 mg/day. Overall, the results suggest that L-deprenyl's antidepressant effects are mediated by some mechanism other than, or in addition to, MAO B inhibition. PMID- 3921066 TI - A study of the TRH test in a family with psychiatric illness: a reflection on the TRH test as a state-trait marker. PMID- 3921067 TI - Proestrous hormonal changes preceding the onset of ovulatory failure in lightly androgenized female rats. AB - Proestrous hormonal profiles were characterized in lightly androgenized female rats prior to the onset of the delayed anovulatory syndrome (DAS). In these females, ovulatory failure and persistent vaginal estrus (PVE) occur at a very early age. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with 10 micrograms testosterone propionate (TP) on postnatal Day 5. Control rats were untreated. All animals were weaned at 21 days of age, and following the onset of puberty, estrous cyclicity was monitored by vaginal smear. Rats showing regular 4-day cycles were used. Between 50-70 days of age, intra-atrial cannulae were implanted on a morning of proestrus (0700-0900 h) and blood was sampled at 2-h intervals from 1000 to 2000 h. Additional samples were taken at 0.5-h intervals from 1600 to 1800 h. Plasma was assayed for luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and progesterone (P) by radioimmunoassay (RIA). All animals were monitored for the onset of PVE or other alterations in estrous cyclicity. Females treated neonatally with TP that subsequently showed PVE by 150 days of age (PRE DAS) displayed a reduced peak amplitude (P less than 0.01) and delay in onset (1600 vs. 1400 h) of LH but not FSH secretion, when compared to controls. Females treated neonatally with TP that did not enter PVE by 150 days of age (No DAS) also showed a delayed rise in LH when compared to controls. However, the amplitude of LH secretion was not different from controls or PRE DAS females.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3921068 TI - Alterations in the onset of ovulatory failure and gonadotropin secretion following steroid administration to lightly androgenized female rats. AB - The present studies were designed to characterize the gonadotropin response to exogenous steroids in neonatally androgenized female rats in various states of reproductive decline. Female rats were androgenized by the administration of a single injection of testosterone propionate (TP) (10 or 100 micrograms) at 5 days of age. Control rats received sesame oil. Treatment with 100 micrograms TP resulted in persistent vaginal estrus (PVE) from the onset of vaginal introitus. Treatment with 10 micrograms TP resulted in a period of regular estrous cyclicity followed by PVE. In the first experiment, all animals were ovariectomized between the ages of 60-85 days and the gonadotropin response to exogenously administered estradiol benzoate (EB) (10 micrograms/100 g BW) and progesterone (P) (2 mg/animal) was determined. When testing began 3 days following ovariectomy, control females exhibited significant (P less than 0.01) afternoon elevations of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) following EB, which were further amplified following P. When ovariectomy occurred prior to the onset of PVE (PRE PVE), lightly androgenized females (10 micrograms TP) showed no significant afternoon gonadotropin increase following EB. Following P, phasic LH secretion was present but significantly (P less than 0.01) decreased in amplitude and delayed in onset versus that of control females. When ovariectomy occurred 3 to 4 wk following the onset of PVE, lightly androgenized females (PVE group) as well as fully androgenized females (FAS) (100 micrograms TP) showed no gonadotropin response to steroid priming.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3921069 TI - Gonadotropin-releasing hormone stimulation of pituitary gonadotrope cells produces an increase in intracellular calcium. AB - Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulates pituitary gonadotrope cells to release luteinizing hormone (LH). Previous studies have indicated a role for Ca+2 in this process; however, the present study provides the first measurements of an increased intracellular Ca+2 concentration. Pituitary cell cultures enriched for gonadotropes were loaded with quin 2, a fluorescent Ca+2-sensitive molecule. Subsequent addition of GnRH to these cells produced a rapid (within 10 sec) increase in fluorescence (indicating an increase in intracellular free Ca+2). In contrast, two GnRH analogs, des1 GnRH (a very low-affinity binder to the GnRH receptor) and Ac[D-pCl-Phe1,2] DTrp3 DLys6 DAla10-GnRH (a pure GnRH antagonist) produced no such Ca+2 change, thus showing a correlation between increased intracellular Ca+2 and LH release. A functional relationship between increased Ca+2 and LH release was suggested by experiments in which LH release was inhibited from cells loaded with high levels of intracellular quin 2 (in order to chelate intracellular Ca+2). Since this inhibition was completely reversed by addition of the Ca+2 ionophore A23187, quin 2 was not toxic at the concentrations used and apparently inhibited LH release by buffering intracellular Ca+2. The results presented here are consistent with the hypothesis that GnRH-stimulated LH release is mediated by increased intracellular Ca+2 and support the notion that the rate-limiting step in GnRH-stimulated LH release is distal to Ca+2 mobilization. PMID- 3921070 TI - Effects of ovariectomy on clock-timed daily gonadotropin rhythms in prepubertal golden hamsters. AB - Daily rhythms of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) are measurable in the serum of prepubertal female golden hamsters by 17 days after birth. These rhythms, which are characterized by peak levels at 1700 h, persist until they are replaced by a 4-day rhythm as ovulatory cycles begin, approximately 3 wk later. We have tested the proposition that the ovaries are required for the onset and maintenance of clock-timed gonadotropin release by removing the ovaries and measuring the levels of LH and FSH in prepubertal hamsters. Ovariectomy was performed both before and after the onset of the rhythm and the effect of removal was determined by subsequent collection of blood samples during the mid- to late-prepubertal period. Ovariectomy on 7, 10 or 13 days after birth results in tonic levels of LH and FSH in blood samples collected at 1400, 1700 and 2000 h on Days 17 through 29. Sham-operated or intact controls had significantly elevated levels of these hormones at 1700 h. Ovariectomy on Day 21 and killing on Day 25 at the same times of day abolished the rhythm of serum LH measured in sham-ovariectomized controls. Ovariectomy on Day 21 and killing on Days 26, 28 or 30 at hourly intervals resulted in variable but nonrhythmic patterns of circulating LH. Thus, ovariectomy before the initiation of clock timed gonadotropin release prevented its initiation; ovariectomy after its initiation abolished the rhythm. These results show that the ovary provides an essential "message" to the brain-pituitary axis for the initiation and maintenance of clock-timed gonadotropin release in prepubertal females. PMID- 3921071 TI - Effect of reduced ovarian tissue on cyclicity, basal hormonal levels and follicular development in old rats. AB - Reduction of the number of growing follicles was proposed to contribute to the decline in reproductive performance with aging (Butcher and Page, 1981). To investigate the effects of a reduced number of follicles, rats which maintained regular estrous cycles at greater than 1 yr of age had either unilateral ovariectomy (ULO) or control surgery. Irregular estrous cycles and periods of constant estrus were more frequent during a period of 90 days after ULO than in controls. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) concentration in plasma collected at 0900-1100 h of the metestrus nearest to 20, 50, and 90 days after surgery was increased by ULO; in both treatment groups, FSH increased between 20 and 90 days. Compensation in ovarian weight and number of corpora lutea had occurred by 90 days after ULO. Estradiol, estrone and luteinizing hormone (LH) concentrations did not change with time or treatment. Numbers of small, medium and large antral follicles per ovary at metestrus were increased by ULO, while the number of follicles per rat was decreased. It was concluded that the reduction in ovarian tissue (which decreased the number of growing follicles) resulted in an elevation of basal FSH followed by irregularity in estrous cycles. PMID- 3921072 TI - Regulation of luteal cell 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity by estradiol. AB - Recent studies have suggested that estradiol or androgen precursor may stimulate steroidogenesis in the luteal cell by modulating intracellular sterol availability and metabolism. This investigation was performed to examine the effect of estradiol on de novo synthesis of cholesterol. Pregnant rats hypophysectomized and hysterectomized on Day 12 were treated for 72 h with either estradiol or testosterone. De novo cholesterol synthesis was determined by measurement of the specific activity of the enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase, the rate limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis, in microsome-enriched preparations of luteal tissue and incorporation of [14C] acetate into cholesterol by corpora lutea incubated in vitro. Estradiol or testosterone treatment caused a 4- to 5-fold stimulation of luteal cholesterol biosynthesis, as measured by these techniques. NaF, an inhibitor of phosphatase which blocks the conversion of the inactive enzyme to the active form, reduced the HMG CoA reductase activity to 30% in corpora lutea obtained from either steroid or vehicle-treated rats. However, an increase in enzyme activity of comparable magnitude by steroids was observed whether microsomes were isolated with or without NaF. The effect of estradiol appears to be enzyme-specific, since it failed to affect the microsomal marker, NADPH cytochrome c reductase. Since the cholesteryl ester content of corpora lutea falls in response to steroid treatment, rats were treated with 4-aminopyrazolo [3,4d]pyrimidine (4-APP) to deplete cellular cholesterol content.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3921073 TI - The effects of testosterone and estrogen on the pituitary growth hormone response to growth hormone-releasing factor. AB - The effects of testosterone and estrogen on the pituitary growth hormone response to hypothalamic growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF) were evaluated in vivo using male and female rats and in vitro using a pituitary cell monolayer culture system. In vivo the increase in plasma growth hormone (GH) concentration in response to a 500 ng/kg dose of GRF was similar in gonadectomized male and female rats. Pretreatment of intact and gonadectomized male rats with testosterone caused significant enhancement of the pituitary GH response to GRF, whereas pretreatment of gonadectomized female rats with 17 beta-estradiol did not alter the response. The GH response to GRF was not different between prepubertal (i.e., 30-day-old) male and female rats. However, following puberty (i.e., by 60 days of age), the response in male rats was significantly greater than that observed in female rats. The in vitro preincubation of anterior pituitary cells with either testosterone or 17 beta-estradiol did not cause any shift in the dose-response curve between GRF and GH. These results demonstrated that androgens play an active role in modulating the pituitary response to GRF in vivo. PMID- 3921074 TI - Effect of gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonists on serum follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone under conditions of singular follicle stimulating hormone secretion. AB - Previous work has indicated that in long-term ovariectomized rats a potent antagonist to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) suppressed serum luteinizing hormone (LH) more successfully than follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). The present studies examined whether the rise in serum FSH which occurs acutely after ovariectomy, or during the proestrous secondary surge, depends on GnRH. In Experiment A, rats were ovariectomized at 0800 h of metestrus and injected with (Ac-dehydro-Pro1, pCl-D-Phe2, D-Trp3,6, NaMeLeu7)-GnRH (Antag-I) at 1200 h of the same day, or 2 or 5 days later. Antag-I blocked the LH response completely, but only partially suppressed serum FSH levels. Experiment B tested a higher dose of a more potent antagonist [( Ac-3-Pro1, pF-D-Phe2, D-Trp3,6]-GnRH; Antag-II) injected at the time of ovariectomy. The analog suppressed serum LH by 79% and FSH by 30%. Experiment C examined the effect of Antag-II on the day of proestrus on the spontaneous secondary surge of FSH, as well as on a secondary FSH surge which can be induced by exogenous LH. Antag-II, given at 1200 h proestrus, blocked ovulation and the LH surge expected at 1830 h, as well as increases in serum FSH which occur at 1830 h and at 0400 h. Exogenous LH triggered a rise in FSH in rats suppressed by Antag-II. In Experiment D proestrous rats were injected with Antag-II at 1200 h and ovariectomized at 1530 h. By 0400 h the antag had suppressed FSH in controls, but in the ovariectomized rats, a vigorous FSH response occurred.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3921075 TI - Cholera toxin action on rabbit corpus luteum membranes: effects on adenylyl cyclase activity and adenosine diphospho-ribosylation of the stimulatory guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory component. AB - Cholera toxin elicited 5- to 7-fold stimulation of adenylyl cyclase activity. Half-maximal activation was at 4.42 micrograms/ml cholera toxin. Cholera toxin mediated activation was time dependent. At 0.1 mM ATP, both guanosine triphosphate (GTP) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) were required for cholera toxin activation of luteal adenylyl cyclase. The concentrations of GTP and NAD+ required for half-maximal activation were 1 and 200 microM, respectively. The GTP requirement could be eliminated by increasing the ATP concentration to 1.0 mM. Guanosine-5'-O-(2-thiodiphosphate) [GDP beta S] did not support cholera toxin activation of the luteal enzyme. Cholera toxin treatment increased GTP-stimulated activity, did not significantly alter guanyl-5'-yl imidodiphosphate [GMP-P(NH)P]-stimulated activity, and depressed NaF-stimulated activity. Furthermore, toxin treatment resulted in a 3.4-fold reduction in the Kact values for ovine luteinizing hormone (oLH) to activate adenylyl cyclase. A similar reduction in Kact values for oLH was obtained when concentration-effect curves performed in the presence of GMP-P(NH)P were compared to those performed in the presence of GTP. In addition, luteal membranes treated with cholera toxin and [32P]NAD+ were subjected to autoradiographic analysis following sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This treatment resulted in the [32P] adenosine diphospho (ADP)-ribosylation of a 45,000-dalton protein doublet, corresponding to the alpha subunit of the stimulatory guanine nucleotide binding regulatory component (Ns). As with activation of adenylyl cyclase activity, cholera toxin-specific [32P] ADP-ribosylation was time dependent and increased with increasing concentrations of cholera toxin. GTP, GMP-P(NH)P, and NaF, but not GDP beta S, were capable of supporting [32P] ADP-ribosylation of the protein doublet. oLH did not alter the ability of cholera toxin to ADP-ribosylate the protein activation of luteal adenylyl cyclase activity is due to the ADP ribosylation of the alpha subunit of Ns and the concomitant inhibition of a GTPase associated with adenylyl cyclase. PMID- 3921076 TI - Intracellular gas supersaturation tolerances of erythrocytes and resealed ghosts. AB - Intact mammalian, avian, and amphibian erythrocytes were saturated with up to 300 atm nitrogen or argon gas and rapidly decompressed. Despite the profuse nucleation of gas bubbles in the suspending fluid, no evidence of intracellular gas bubble nucleation was found; all or most of the cells remained intact and little or no hemoglobin escaped. Internal bubbles were similarly absent from resealed ghosts of human erythrocytes as shown by lack of disintegration and by retention of an entrapped fluorescent compound. The absence of bubbles may indicate that much of the internal water does not have the same nucleation properties as external water. PMID- 3921078 TI - Pharmacokinetics of valproic acid in volunteers after a single dose study. AB - The pharmacokinetics of valproic acid (VPA) was investigated in six healthy volunteers. This was done by monitoring total and free (unbound) valproic acid levels in the serum, and the amount of one of its metabolites, VPA glucuronide, in the urine as a function of time, after a single dose administration of the parent drug. VPA half-life calculated from the urine data of the metabolite was shorter than the half-life calculated from the blood data. About 15 to 20 per cent of the administered oral dose of VPA was excreted in the urine as VPA glucuronide. The average free fraction of VPA obtained in this study, by using the EMIT technique, ranged from 1.5 to 11.5 per cent with a mean value of 4.9 per cent. PMID- 3921077 TI - Valproic acid and active unsaturated metabolite (2-en): transfer to mouse liver following human therapeutic doses. AB - The transfer of valproic acid (VPA, 2-propylpentanoic acid) and its unsaturated active metabolite (2-en, 2-propyl-2-pentenoic acid) from plasma to liver has been studied in the mouse between 2 min and 6 h following oral administration of 50 mg of the sodium salts per kg body weight. Transfer of both compounds was extremely rapid. Liver concentrations of VPA were higher than those in plasma, while liver concentrations of 2-en were lower than those in plasma. The low hepatic levels of 2-en may be explained by extensive plasma protein binding of this metabolite. The liver/plasma concentration ratios were concentration-dependent, indicating the presence of active transport mechanisms and/or saturation of plasma protein binding. Our results indicate that 2-en should be further studied in regard to its potential for the induction of liver toxicity. The desirable low level of 2 en reached in the liver, seen together with previously observed favourable anticonvulsant profile and low teratogenicity, would indicate that this compound may be a valuable alternative antiepileptic agent. PMID- 3921079 TI - Adriamycin-loaded albumin microspheres: preparation, in vivo distribution and release in the rat. AB - Adriamycin-loaded bovine albumin microspheres have been prepared by a technique that allows preparation and administration to animals on the same day. Criteria adopted for injection were that microspheres should be stable and of a size such as to become trapped in capillary beds. These conditions were fulfilled by preparing microspheres using glutaraldehyde concentrations greater than 0.5 per cent and the appropriate combination of stirring speed and continuous phase viscosity. After systemic administration rats were sacrificed at intervals and major visceral organs examined for entrapped microspheres and serum for released drug. Microspheres sieved out in the first capillary bed encountered, the lung, then following biodegradation they disappeared at a rate dependent on the amount of cross-linking agent used in their preparation. In contrast to bolus injection, serum drug levels after microsphere administration indicated an initial rapid release followed by a more protracted phase lasting at least 24 h. This latter observation is consistent with drug release during biodegradation of carrier. PMID- 3921080 TI - Use of purified antipeptide sera of selected specificity for the detection of the simian virus 40 large T antigen by Western blotting. AB - Western blotting was used as a powerful alternative to immunoprecipitation for the detection of the simian virus 40 (SV40) large tumor (T) antigen. After resolution by electrophoresis on a SDS-polyacrylamide gel of a [35S]methionine labeled crude extract from SV40 infected monkey kidney cells, the separated proteins were transferred electrophoretically on nitrocellulose paper. T antigen was detected on nitrocellulose strips by using for the first time, specific, purified antipeptide monoclonal antibodies directed against the N- and C-terminal portions of the molecule, and 125I-labeled Protein A. PMID- 3921081 TI - Physico-chemical factors of erythrocyte deformability. AB - The aim of this study is to assess the role of different physico-chemical factors on the deformability measurements by using the initial filtration flow rate method, and to differentiate between the membrane or internal origin of some rigidity changes. The deformability is maximum for the physiological pH value and it decreases sharply for hypotonic and hypertonic buffer. For normal RBC, the deformability is independent of the pO2 level and a small decrease is observed for increasing pCO2 values (with constant pH). A theoretical model of filtration for the "Hemorheometre" will be also developed. PMID- 3921082 TI - [Nature of the change in cytostatic and cytotoxic splenocyte functions in mice after immobilization stress]. AB - It has been shown that at late periods after immobilization stress there is an essential reduction in the cytostatic activity of CBA mice splenocytes detected by inhibition of mastocytoma P 815 cell proliferation in the test with 3H-uridine incorporation. The cytostatic activity returns to normal 5 to 14 days after stress. The changes in the cytolytic and cytostatic activity of mouse splenocytes following stress are correlated and a possible biological value of changes in the immunoassays for the host are discussed. PMID- 3921083 TI - [Demonstration of the activity of a rhesus-positive antigen in the erythrocytes of rhesus-negative donors and an increase in the expression of ABO system antigens after ultraviolet irradiation of the blood]. AB - UV irradiation (254 nm) in doses increasing erythrocyte (Er) hemolysis by 5 to 32% was found to stimulate the agglutination activity of ABO and Rhesus (Rh) system antigens. The stimulation effect was the higher the lower the antigen activity before irradiation. In the Rh-negative (Rh-)-Er, irradiation induced the Rh0(D)-like antigen specific activity suggesting that this antigen may be present in the Rh--Er membrane. Expression of Rh0(D)-antigen in Rh--Er, stimulation of its activity in Rh-positive cells, and activation of ABO system antigens may result from photo-chemical destruction of the outer membranous layer of the ER. PMID- 3921084 TI - Effects of carbaryl on gonadal development in the chick embryo. PMID- 3921085 TI - Residues of pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in game animals. PMID- 3921086 TI - Pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in fish from the Lahn river. PMID- 3921087 TI - Surgical delay and arachidonic acid metabolites: evidence for an inflammatory mechanism: an experimental study in rats. AB - In a rat skin flap model, surgical delay produced an increase in the production of arachidonic acid metabolites, with a derangement of the normal equilibrium between PGE2 and PGF2 alpha and a marked increase in the vasoconstrictive substance, thromboxane. During the delay period, there is a gradual decrease in tissue levels toward normal. Subsequent elevation of the delayed flap produces a blunted response in thromboxane production, an increase in PGE2 levels and increased flap survival. Acute elevation of an undelayed flap produced more marked elevation of all metabolites, with prolonged elevation of the vasoconstrictive PGF2 alpha and thromboxane, progressive ischemia and decreased flap survival. A key role in inflammation, mediated by these inflammatory mediators, is postulated in the mechanism of delay. PMID- 3921088 TI - An operation for the treatment of cutaneous neurofibromatosis. AB - An operation for the rapid removal of multiple cutaneous neurofibromata is described. It is possible to excise about 250 lesions during an operation lasting 1 hour. PMID- 3921089 TI - Effects of the C5a anaphylatoxin and its relationship to cyclo-oxygenase metabolites in rabbit vascular strips. AB - Strips of rabbit blood vessels were suspended in vitro and responses to complement peptides C3a and C5a were recorded isotonically. Human C3a (up to 1.5 microM) was inactive on rabbit vascular strips. Human C5a (2.9-59 nM) decreased spontaneous activity of the rabbit portal vein under resting baseline tension. The C5a relaxed strips of portal vein and pulmonary artery that were precontracted with noradrenaline (NA, 200 nM). On the portal vein, C5a-induced relaxation was preceded by a transient contractile phase which decreased with repeated applications of C5a. The magnitude of C5a-induced relaxation of both vessels increased with repeated stimulation by C5a. Maximal levels of relaxation for the third application of C5a at 59 nM averaged 44% and 17% of the NA-induced contraction plateau in portal vein and pulmonary artery, respectively. Strips of rabbit aorta responded minimally to C5a. Indomethacin (5.6 microM) significantly inhibited C5a-induced relaxation of the portal vein and pulmonary artery but had no effect on the early contractile response of the portal vein. Mepyramine (10 microM) failed to modify the C5a response from either vessel, but it reduced the contractile phase of the C5a response on the portal vein when applied in conjunction with indomethacin. The drug SKF 88046, an end organ antagonist of thromboxane (TX) A2 and some contractile prostaglandins, reduced the contractile phase and increased relaxation of the portal vein to C5a but did not modify the response of the pulmonary artery. Radioimmunoassays for 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (6-keto-PGF1 alpha) and TXB2 were performed on the fluid bathing rabbit isolated blood vessels. C5a promoted release of 6-keto-PGF1, over the basal release rate in rabbit tissues. Only trace quantities of TXB2 were produced by rabbit vessels exposed to C5a. 7 It is concluded that the mechanical response of blood vessels to C5a is mainly determined by the type of cyclo-oxygenase products released and by the sensitivity of each blood vessel to these active lipids. Tissue histamine release is also responsible for a component of the response of rabbit portal vein to C5a. The relaxant effect of C5a on rabbit blood vessels may be a phenomenon related to the previously reported hypotensive action of classical anaphylatoxins in vivo. PMID- 3921090 TI - Experience using the carbon dioxide laser in the removal of cutaneous tattoos. AB - A preliminary study was undertaken to determine if the carbon dioxide laser was a suitable technique for the removal of tattoos. Twenty-eight patients with 47 tattoos had their tattoos removed by the carbon dioxide laser. The results were assessed by an independent observer 1 year after completion of treatment. The most satisfactory results were obtained in patients with discrete linear tattoos of amateur origin. In those with polychromatic blocked-in tattoos of professional origin, hypertrophic scars occurred and the overall result was unsatisfactory. PMID- 3921091 TI - Demographic changes and resources for the elderly. PMID- 3921092 TI - Pseudomonas aeruginosa and whirlpools. PMID- 3921093 TI - Screening for treatable diabetic retinopathy. PMID- 3921094 TI - Chronic bronchial sepsis and progressive lung damage. PMID- 3921095 TI - Reassurance. PMID- 3921097 TI - Acute otitis media: a new treatment strategy. AB - The incidence of acute otitis media and its response to treatment only with nose drops and analgesics (but without antibiotics or myringotomy) were assessed over three months by 45 doctors in and around Tilburg. In addition, over 17 months 60 general practitioners assessed the effects of this limited treatment in children aged 2 to 12 years and referred all those in whom the condition took an unsatisfactory course (either a severe course--illness continuing beyond three to four days with high temperature or pain, or both--or persistent discharge after 14 days) to an ear, nose, and throat specialist. Those referred because of appreciable illness continuing beyond three or four days were entered into a further study, comparing the effects of myringotomy alone, antibiotics alone, and myringotomy and antibiotics combined. Bacteriology was assessed in all children in whom the course of the condition was unsatisfactory. More than 90% of an estimated 4860 children seen over 17 months (estimation based on incidence of severe course in the three month study) recovered within a few days. The course of the condition was severe in only 126 (2.7%) patients; haemolytic streptococci group A were identified in 30 of these 126 patients but Haemophilus influenzae in only one. One hundred of these patients with a severe course entered the trial of treatment, which showed antimicrobial treatment either alone or in combination to be more effective than myringotomy alone. Whether combined treatment was more effective than antibiotics alone remained unconfirmed. Acute otitis media in children can be treated with nose drops and analgesics alone for the first three to four days. Patients in whom this regimen is not accompanied by satisfactory recovery can be recognised within a short time and treated by the general practitioner. PMID- 3921096 TI - Sleep in the surgical intensive care unit: continuous polygraphic recording of sleep in nine patients receiving postoperative care. AB - Sleep was studied in nine patients for two to four days after major non-cardiac surgery by continuous polygraphic recording of electroencephalogram, electrooculogram, and electromyogram. Presumed optimal conditions for sleep were provided by a concerted effort by staff to offer constant pain relief and reduce environmental disturbance to a minimum. All patients were severely deprived of sleep compared with normal. The mean cumulative sleep time (stage 1 excluded) for the first two nights, daytime sleep included, was less than two hours a night. Stages 3 and 4 and rapid eye movement sleep were severely or completely suppressed. The sustained wakefulness could be attributed to pain and environmental disturbance to only minor degree. Sleep time as estimated by nursing staff was often grossly misjudged and consistently overestimated when compared with the parallel polygraphic recording. The grossly abnormal sleep pattern observed in these patients may suggest some fundamental disarrangement of the sleep-wake regulating mechanism. PMID- 3921098 TI - Relation between recurrence of cancer of the colon and blood transfusion. AB - Data suggest that blood transfusion can cause immunosuppression. The incidence of recurrence of tumours was examined retrospectively in patients who had undergone potentially curative operations for cancer of the colon during 1970-81. Tumours recurred in six of 68 patients (9%) who had not been given transfusions and in 56 of 129 patients (43%) who had (p much less than 0.0001). Transfusion was also found to be significantly associated with the time to recurrence after adjustment for other baseline prognostic factors (p less than 0.05). Perioperative transfusion may be a significant risk factor in the prognosis of cancer of the colon. Whether this association is causal is unknown. PMID- 3921100 TI - Potential use of postcoital contraception to prevent unwanted pregnancy. PMID- 3921099 TI - Primary thyroid failure with concomitant thyroxine binding globulin deficiency. PMID- 3921101 TI - Diagnosis by bronchoalveolar lavage of cause of pulmonary infiltrates in haematological malignancies. PMID- 3921102 TI - Raised intraocular pressure: an alternative method of referral. AB - To assess delay in referring patients with suspected glaucoma two methods were studied in a randomised trial: direct referral from optician to ophthalmologist and referral through the patient's general practitioner. Direct referral was reliable for all 49 patients involved, whereas, of the 44 patients referred through their general practitioner, seven waited over three weeks for referral. PMID- 3921103 TI - Can general practitioners influence exercise habits? Controlled trial. AB - A health promotion campaign in the community organised by the general practitioner was evaluated by the use of a questionnaire before and after the campaign, both in the village where the campaign was based and in a control village. There was a general increase in the amount of exercise that people in both villages took. The results showed that having received a questionnaire, and been subject to the campaign, more people took exercise regularly. PMID- 3921104 TI - Impressions of medicine in India. Provision of medical care: varied and variable. PMID- 3921105 TI - Asian patients attending a diabetic clinic. AB - Patients of Asian origin comprised 8% of the patients attending a diabetic clinic. Of the 201 Asian patients (120 male), 110 had been diabetic for more than five years, and although 141 were 40 to 60 years old, over one quarter had been aged under 40 at diagnosis. Thirty patients were being treated with insulin, but only eight were truly dependent on insulin compared with 18% of the white patients attending the clinic. Insulin was stopped in eight patients who were receiving insulin inappropriately; control was achieved by diet plus oral hypoglycaemics or diet alone. Over three years 37 patients were admitted with ketoacidosis but none was Asian. During the same period, however, five Asians were admitted in hyperosmolar coma. Asian diabetics have a low prevalence of insulin dependence, possibly related to genetic and environmental factors, and some may be treated with insulin inappropriately. PMID- 3921106 TI - Screening of diabetics for retinopathy by ophthalmic opticians. AB - Diabetes mellitus is a major cause of blindness in England and Wales in those aged between 30 and 64. Photocoagulation can frequently prevent blindness provided the retinopathy is detected at an appropriate stage but unfortunately the benefits are small if the changes are advanced. Early detection of diabetic retinopathy by regular examination is needed. We have shown that ophthalmic opticians have the skill to detect retinal changes at a treatable stage. Out of 844 eye checks, 80 were reported by ophthalmic opticians to justify referral to an ophthalmologist and 20 of these required photocoagulation treatment. Of a sample of 197 patients rechecked by an ophthalmologist reported by ophthalmic opticians not to justify referral, only one needed treatment. With local agreement this system of detecting retinopathy could be easily applied anywhere in the United Kingdom. No extra personnel or facilities are needed. PMID- 3921107 TI - Will the government's mass media campaign on drugs work? PMID- 3921108 TI - Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Scars, hypertrophic scars, and keloids. PMID- 3921109 TI - Rehabilitation in psychiatric conditions: 2--Psychological approaches and support, the family, and activities. PMID- 3921110 TI - Child health in ethnic minorities. Chinese and Vietnamese families. PMID- 3921111 TI - Thyroid enlargement. PMID- 3921112 TI - Serum fructosamine concentration as measure of blood glucose control in insulin dependent diabetes. PMID- 3921113 TI - The rapid transit system for patients with fractures of the proximal femur. PMID- 3921114 TI - Children with asthma: will nebulised salbutamol reduce hospital admissions? PMID- 3921115 TI - Cardiac arrhythmias: theory and practice. PMID- 3921116 TI - Domperidone. PMID- 3921117 TI - Overview of randomised trials of diuretics in pregnancy. PMID- 3921118 TI - Rural practice. An interview with the chairman of the rural practices subcommittee. PMID- 3921119 TI - The silent coronary. PMID- 3921120 TI - First year fits. PMID- 3921121 TI - Cancer, chemotherapy, and fertility. PMID- 3921122 TI - Cautious expansion in the private sector. PMID- 3921125 TI - Endoscopic Teflon injection for a refluxing ureteric stump after simple nephrectomy. PMID- 3921123 TI - Detection of familial dysalbuminaemic hyperthyroxinaemia. AB - A simple test of in vitro thyroxine binding to serum proteins was used to screen serum samples from euthyroid patients with unexplained increases in the free thyroxine index. A diagnosis of familial dysalbuminaemic hyperthyroxinaemia was presumed in 14 unrelated subjects and six first degree relatives. Increased binding of thyroxine to thyroxine binding prealbumin was diagnosed in one woman with four unaffected relatives. Seven patients with familial dysalbuminaemic hyperthyroxinaemia had been treated for presumed thyrotoxicosis: two had typical Graves' disease and one subacute thyroiditis. Four other patients had been mistakenly treated with radioactive iodine or antithyroid drugs. In previously treated patients familial dysalbuminaemic hyperthyroxinaemia was suspected from the combination of a high serum thyroid stimulating hormone concentration and a normal but invalid free thyroxine index. Physicians should be cautious in accepting a diagnosis of thyrotoxicosis based mainly on a raised serum thyroxine concentration. PMID- 3921124 TI - Trial of relaxation in reducing coronary risk: four year follow up. AB - On screening 192 men and women aged 35-64 were identified as having two or more of the following risk factors: blood pressure greater than or equal to 140/90 mm Hg, plasma cholesterol concentration greater than or equal to 6.3 mmol/l (243.6 mg/100 ml), and current smoking habit greater than or equal to 10 cigarettes a day. They were randomly allocated to a group for modification of behaviour or to serve as controls. Both groups were given health education leaflets containing advice to stop smoking, to reduce animal fats in the diet, and on the importance of reducing blood pressure. In addition, the treatment group had group sessions of one hour a week for eight weeks in which they were taught breathing exercises, relaxation, and meditation and about managing stress. It had previously been found that after eight weeks and eight months there was a significantly greater reduction in both systolic and diastolic blood pressures in the group taught to relax compared with the control group. After four years of follow up these differences in blood pressure were maintained. Plasma cholesterol concentration and the number of cigarettes smoked were lower in the treatment group at eight weeks and eight months but not at the four year follow up. At four years more subjects in the control group reported having had angina and treatment for hypertension and its complications. Incidence of ischaemic heart disease, fatal myocardial infarction, or electrocardiographic evidence of ischaemia was significantly greater in the control group. If the results of this study could be obtained in a larger study the financial and health care implications would be enormous. PMID- 3921127 TI - Study of medicine prescribing for elderly patients. AB - An analysis of drug prescribing over six months in a random sample of 146 elderly patients showed that 42% were receiving one or more medicines long term. Diuretics, analgesics, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were most often prescribed, and variations in prescribing by age, sex, and consultations with the general practitioner were examined. Only 17% of the group were taking three or more medicines on repeat prescriptions, and 42% received no prescriptions during the study. These results have implications for the workload of supervising prescriptions but also underline the need for a balanced view of drug prescribing and medicine taking in elderly people. PMID- 3921126 TI - Aluminium phosphide ingestion. PMID- 3921128 TI - Computerised repeat prescriptions: simple system. AB - In a small practice it is possible to develop a computer system for repeat prescriptions that requires little extra work and has other applications that may improve the quality of care of chronic conditions and promote the education of the general practitioner and his trainees. A program that can maintain a patient register, check milage and dispensing figures, prepare call up lists for inoculations, and search specific age groups for particular conditions, as well as provide a repeat prescription function, is described. PMID- 3921129 TI - Responsibility in the use of personal medical information for research: principles and guide to practice. Statement by the Medical Research Council. PMID- 3921130 TI - Benign skin tumours and conditions. PMID- 3921131 TI - Medical education in India--in poor health. PMID- 3921133 TI - The medical examination of sexually abused children. PMID- 3921132 TI - Occupational rehabilitation and return to work: 1--General services. PMID- 3921134 TI - Bronchoconstriction in response to suggestion. PMID- 3921135 TI - Coeliac disease as a cause of osteomalacia and rickets in the Asian immigrant population. PMID- 3921136 TI - Deaths of athletes. PMID- 3921137 TI - Lassitude. PMID- 3921138 TI - Practice nurses: an underused resource. PMID- 3921139 TI - Exercise and osteoporosis. PMID- 3921140 TI - Is peritoneal dialysis a good long term treatment? PMID- 3921141 TI - Effect of aspirin on nasal resistance to airflow. AB - The effect of aspirin on nasal resistance to airflow was investigated by rhinomanometry in 25 healthy subjects before and after ingestion of aspirin or vitamin C in a double blind crossover trial. Aspirin caused a significant increase in nasal resistance compared with vitamin C. The effect of aspirin may be due to its inhibition of the synthesis of prostaglandins. PMID- 3921143 TI - Fenclofenac induced interstitial nephritis confirmed by inadvertent rechallenge. PMID- 3921142 TI - Comparison of the antiemetics metoclopramide and promethazine in labour. AB - A double blind trial was conducted in 477 mothers in labour to compare the antiemetics metoclopramide 10 mg and promethazine 25 mg and placebo when added to the first dose of pethidine. Metoclopramide and promethazine were equally effective, and both better than placebo, in reducing the incidence of nausea and vomiting after the administration of pethidine. Seventy seven per cent of mothers were drowsy, and 8% slept in the hour after the pethidine injection, with no difference between the groups. The sedative effect was more persistent in the promethazine group, 66% of whom were still drowsy after delivery. One third of the mothers in each group needed further analgesia, with 77% of these ultimately requesting an epidural. The reduction in pain half an hour and one hour after pethidine, assessed by a visual analogue scale, were, respectively, 22% and 22% for placebo; 26% and 23% for metoclopramide; 13% and 9% for promethazine. Analgesia after metoclopramide was significantly better than that after promethazine in terms of pain score, duration of first injection, and need for Entonox. Metoclopramide is therefore to be preferred to promethazine as an antiemetic in labour. PMID- 3921144 TI - Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis as a complication of treatment with gold. PMID- 3921145 TI - Nephrotic syndrome during treatment with interferon. PMID- 3921146 TI - Controlled trial of psychiatric nurse therapists in primary care. AB - In a randomised controlled clinical trial neurotic patients (mainly phobic and obsessive-compulsive) did significantly better up to one year follow up after receiving behavioural psychotherapy from a nurse therapist rather than routine treatment from a general practitioner. At the end of the year control patients who had not improved had crossover behavioural treatment from the nurse and then improved. Those who dropped out or refused therapy did not show worthwhile gains. Patients preferred being treated in the primary care setting rather than in hospital. Placing nurse therapists in primary care is not only viable but may save more health care resources than it consumes. PMID- 3921148 TI - Malignant skin conditions. PMID- 3921147 TI - Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy: the first 50 patients treated in Britain. AB - Fifty patients have been treated for upper tract urinary calculi by extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) at the Devonshire Hospital lithotripter centre since November 1984. The average stay for an inpatient was 3 X 7 days. All patients suffered minimal postoperative discomfort and nearly all resumed normal activity within one day after discharge. Complications requiring auxiliary procedures were few. The procedure was found to be safe, cost effective, extremely well received by patients, and superior to all other methods of removing renal stones. This study confirms that treatment by ESWL is a specialised urological procedure that requires operators who are also trained in open, percutaneous, and ureteroscopic surgery and with a back up of a radiological team skilled in percutaneous renal puncture. PMID- 3921150 TI - Impressions of medicine in India. The push for postgraduate degrees. PMID- 3921151 TI - Occupational rehabilitation and return to work: 2--Psychiatric disability. PMID- 3921149 TI - Medical oaths, declarations, and codes. PMID- 3921152 TI - Focal epilepsy in diabetic non-ketotic hyperglycaemia. PMID- 3921153 TI - Invasive cervical cancer and combined oral contraceptives. PMID- 3921154 TI - Hepatitis B virus DNA and e antigen in serum from blood donors positive for HBsAg. PMID- 3921155 TI - Prevalence of hepatitis B markers among district general hospital staff. PMID- 3921156 TI - Metoclopramide versus chlorpromazine in controlling nausea and vomiting induced by cytotoxic drugs. PMID- 3921158 TI - Ethnic minorities and sickle cell anemia. PMID- 3921157 TI - Unithiol in Wilson's disease. PMID- 3921159 TI - Hepatic sequestration in sickle cell anemia. PMID- 3921160 TI - Osteomalacia presenting as pathological fractures during pregnancy in Asian women of high social class. PMID- 3921161 TI - Cutaneous manifestations of zinc deficiency during treatment with anticonvulsants. PMID- 3921162 TI - The Tromso heart study. PMID- 3921163 TI - Effect on clinical outcome of breast feeding during acute diarrhoea. PMID- 3921164 TI - Rapid development and progression of proliferative retinopathy after strict diabetic control. PMID- 3921165 TI - Griffiths: a retrospective view from 1990? PMID- 3921166 TI - Follow up of patients with breast cancer. PMID- 3921167 TI - Coagulase negative staphylococcal infections. PMID- 3921168 TI - Does nicotine chewing gum work? PMID- 3921169 TI - Time for a new name for 'frozen shoulder'. PMID- 3921170 TI - Leatherwork: a possible hazard to reproduction. AB - A retrospective study was carried out aimed at eliciting the causes of perinatal death in Leicestershire between 1976 and 1982. Case notes were reviewed and the mothers interviewed in over 1000 cases. An analysis of maternal occupations showed that leatherworkers were at increased risk of having a perinatal death, particularly from congenital malformations and macerated stillbirths, even when compared with other manual workers in the same social class. The excess risk occurred in all towns of the county where leatherwork was undertaken. Further investigation is needed of the materials used in the leather industry in order to ensure that risks are minimised. Fecund women working in the industry should be informed of any residual risk if these findings are confirmed. PMID- 3921171 TI - Life support for 10 weeks with successful fetal outcome after fatal maternal brain damage. AB - A 31 year old woman in whom subarachnoid and intracerebral haemorrhage occurred during the second trimester of pregnancy was sustained in intensive care with a respirator for 10 weeks. Computed tomography of the brain showed bilateral intraventricular haemorrhages. Because of drug resistant hypotonic episodes at 31 weeks' gestation caesarean section was performed, and a boy was delivered. The woman died of spontaneous cardiac arrest two days after caesarean section, and the boy showed normal development. Life support can be continued for several weeks in a modern intensive care unit after fatal insult to the brain even in a pregnant woman without affecting the fetus. PMID- 3921172 TI - Total and high density lipoprotein cholesterol in the serum and risk of mortality: evidence of a threshold effect. AB - The association of serum total and high density lipoprotein cholesterol values with 15 year mortality was examined in a cohort of 10 059 Israeli male civil servants and municipal employees aged 40 and above. In 618 of 1664 deaths in the cohort (37%) coronary heart disease was documented as the cause of death. Risk of mortality was analysed by quintiles. Neither total mortality nor coronary heart disease mortality rose with serum cholesterol concentrations up to 5.6 mmol/1 (216 mg/100 ml), representing 60% of the sample. Rates rose appreciably only in the highest quintile (cholesterol concentration greater than 6.2 mmol/1; greater than 241 mg/100 ml). High density lipoprotein cholesterol was similarly, although inversely, associated with total mortality when expressed as a percentage of total cholesterol. The inverse association of high density lipoprotein cholesterol with coronary heart disease mortality was, in contrast, continuous. These data support the hypothesis that over most of the range of cholesterol values coronary mortality risk and total mortality risk are nearly independent of total cholesterol and most probably independent of low density lipoprotein cholesterol values. In multivariate analysis a low concentration of high density lipoprotein cholesterol appeared to be more predictive of mortality than a high concentration of total cholesterol. The latter was very weakly related to mortality from all causes after multivariate adjustment. It is concluded that the findings of this and other major epidemiological studies support the notion of a "threshold effect." Success in reducing mortality through the pharmacological reduction of serum cholesterol in hypercholesterolaemic patients does not warrant a similar approach in people with average or slightly above average values. These findings appear to provide support for a "high risk strategy" in reducing the risk of coronary heart disease. PMID- 3921173 TI - Controlled study of withdrawal symptoms and rebound anxiety after six week course of diazepam for generalised anxiety. AB - A group of patients suffering from anxiety, as assessed by general practitioners and psychologists using research criteria for generalised anxiety, were treated with either diazepam or placebo double blind for six weeks. This active treatment period was preceded by a one week single blind placebo "wash in" period and followed by a two week single blind placebo "wash out" period. The results suggest that diazepam can produce rebound anxiety and withdrawal symptoms when used in moderate doses and for what has previously been regarded as a safe length of time. If replicated these results have implications for the therapeutic use of benzodiazepines. PMID- 3921174 TI - Mechanism of photosensitivity reactions to diseased celery. PMID- 3921175 TI - Right ventricular implantation of endometrial adenocarcinoma as a result of temporary pacing. PMID- 3921176 TI - Acute renal failure presenting in pregnancy secondary to idiopathic hydronephrosis. PMID- 3921177 TI - Captopril and domiciliary oxygen in chronic airflow obstruction. PMID- 3921178 TI - Standards for comuter issued prescriptions. General Medical Services Committee/Royal College of General Practitioners Joint Computing Policy Group. PMID- 3921179 TI - Vitamin B12 injections: considerable source of work for the district nurse. AB - Between June and September 1984, district nurses who worked in Coventry were asked to submit returns giving details of the patients for whom they administered vitamin B12 injections. Of 492 patients identified, 382 (78%) were receiving injections more frequently than the recommended three monthly dose of hydroxy cobalamin. An extra 3751 injections are being administered a year. Four hundred and thirty (88%) of these patients have conditions for which the drug is of proven benefit, so the increased frequency of injections accounts for most of the observed excess. A total of 2000 hours a year of district nurse time is spent with these patients. The nursing service is under increasing strain. Changes in vitamin B12 prescribing alone could make between 600 and 1470 hours available for other patient needs. PMID- 3921180 TI - Society of Authors and its Medical Writers Group. PMID- 3921181 TI - Chronic swelling of the leg and stasis ulcer. PMID- 3921182 TI - A doctor's lot. PMID- 3921183 TI - Needlestick injuries in hospital staff. PMID- 3921184 TI - Prostatic carcinoma. PMID- 3921185 TI - Circadian changes in anticoagulant effect of heparin infused at a constant rate. PMID- 3921186 TI - General versus spinal anaesthesia. PMID- 3921187 TI - Syringes for diabetics. PMID- 3921188 TI - Dihydrocodeine in renal failure. PMID- 3921189 TI - Management of acute gastroenteritis in children. PMID- 3921190 TI - Involvement of nigrostriatal dopamine neurons in the contraversive rotational behavior evoked by electrical stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus. AB - This experiment was conducted to determine if nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) neurons are necessary for the contraversive rotational behavior evoked by electrical stimulation in the lateral hypothalamus. Rats were tested daily for electrical stimulation-induced rotational behavior (ESRB) for 5 days, and then given an injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) or saline into the ipsilateral substantia nigra. The nearly total depletion of striatal DA (greater than 96%) completely abolished contraversive ESRB and resulted in the appearance of ipsiversive ESRB. Partial DA depletion (less than 95%) had no effect on contraversive ESRB. In animals with a partial DA depletion subsequent treatment with a low dose of alpha methyl-p-tyrosine (40 mg/kg) attenuated contraversive ESRB, while having no effect on control animals, or the ipsiversive turning in animals with greater than 96% DA depletion. We conclude that the nigrostriatal DA system is necessary for contraversive rotational behavior evoked by lateral hypothalamic stimulation, but that only a small percentage of DA fibers are required to maintain apparently 'normal' function--at least as indicated by contraversive ESRB. PMID- 3921191 TI - 6-OHDA lesions of the ventral tegmental area block morphine-induced but not amphetamine-induced facilitation of self-stimulation. AB - The biphasic effect of morphine on intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) (suppression followed by facilitation) was examined in rats following injections of 6-OHDA or vehicle into the ventral tegmental area (VTA). During 7 days of chronic administration of morphine, sham-lesioned animals gradually developed tolerance to the rate-reducing effects of the drug and a concurrent sensitization to its rate-enhancing effects (measured 1 and 3 h post-injection, respectively). VTA lesioned rats showed neither tolerance to the rate suppression nor any facilitation of ICSS throughout testing. Amphetamine's facilitation of ICSS remained intact in all subjects. The lesion was restricted to the VTA cell bodies but produced a significant depletion of dopamine (DA) in both the nucleus accumbens and in the striatum. Morphine facilitation of ICSS is suggested to be dependent on an indirect opiate receptor-VTA DA cell interaction. It is also proposed that amphetamine facilitation of ICSS is a 'mass action' effect involving the full DA terminal area of the forebrain rather than a subregion of that area. PMID- 3921192 TI - Central noradrenergic involvement in yohimbine excitation of acoustic startle: effects of DSP4 and 6-OHDA. AB - It was previously shown that i.p. administration of the alpha 2-adrenergic antagonist yohimbine increased the magnitude of the acoustic startle response in rats. The purpose of the present study was to determine possible central noradrenergic involvement in yohimbine's effect on startle. Pretreatment with N (2-chloroethyl)-N-ethyl-2-bromo-benzylamine (DSP4; 50 mg/kg, i.p.; 1-2 days before testing) completely blocked the excitatory effect of yohimbine on startle. DSP4 reduced forebrain and spinal cord NE levels by 47% and 56%, respectively, without affecting forebrain or spinal serotonin (5-HT), or forebrain dopamine (DA). Pretreatment with the NE reuptake blocker desmethylimipramine (DMI; 20 mg/kg, i.p.; 30 min before DSP4) prevented the ability of DSP4 to block the yohimbine effect. DMI partially reversed the NE-depleting effects of DSP4. Neither bilateral adrenalectomy nor intravenously administered 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA; 20 mg/kg; 1-2 days before testing) altered the excitatory effect of yohimbine, indicating that peripheral NE is not involved. 6-OHDA (2 X 200 micrograms) injected into the lateral ventricles blocked yohimbine's effect, and depleted NE by 95% (spinal cord) and 86% (forebrain), without affecting 5-HT in either region. 6-OHDA also depleted forebrain DA levels by 49%. Finally, intrathecal administration of 6-OHDA (20 micrograms; 14 days before testing) into the subarachnoid space of the lumbar spinal cord blocked the excitatory effect of yohimbine, and produced an extensive (94%) depletion of spinal cord NE. Intrathecal 6-OHDA did not alter spinal levels of 5-HT or forebrain levels of NE, 5-HT or DA. In summary, these data indicate that central descending NE neurons are necessary for yohimbine's excitatory effect on startle. PMID- 3921194 TI - The pretectal olivary nucleus of the cat: evidence for a two-tailed structure. AB - The pretectal olivary nucleus of the cat was reconstructed from Nissl and myelin stained tissue. The olivary nucleus is found to have a medially placed head region and two tail regions which extend obliquely from the head region. The retino-olivary projection was also analyzed using the anterograde autoradiographic tracing method. Retinal input is found bilaterally over both the head of the nucleus and the tail regions. The distribution of silver grains, when compared bilaterally, appears slightly more dense over the contralateral nucleus. PMID- 3921193 TI - Quantification of lesion-induced dopaminergic supersensitivity using the rotational model in the mouse. AB - A dual lesion technique was used to determine the degree of supersensitivity resulting from nigrostriatal lesions in C57BL/6J mice. Internal capsule lesions encroaching on globus pallidus resulted in reliable ipsilateral rotation both to apomorphine and amphetamine. Dose-response curves to apomorphine were determined before and 21 days after 6-hydroxydopamine lesion of the contralateral nigrostriatal pathway. A 31.5-fold shift to the left was observed following the nigrostriatal lesion, with no change in slope. The extent and placement of the internal capsule lesion, as well as the magnitude of supersensitization correspond closely to those previously reported in the rat. PMID- 3921195 TI - beta-like ganglion cells in the retina of the North American opossum. AB - Injection of horseradish peroxidase into the severed optic tract or nerve of the opossum retrogradely filled retinal ganglion cells. An abundance of well-labeled ganglion cells had dendritic morphology closely resembling that of beta-type ganglion cells in the cat retina. This finding suggests that an X-like functional class of ganglion cells is prominent in the retina of the opossum. PMID- 3921196 TI - Bioelectric potentials in the carotid body. AB - Simultaneous recordings of focal slow potentials (sVs) and chemosensory discharges were made from cat carotid body-nerve preparations in situ. Chemoreceptor stimulants (100% N2, asphyxia, NaCN, ACh and nicotine), and depressants (100% O2, spontaneous gasps and dopamine) changed receptor polarization. sVs evoked by stimulants had a negative polarity whereas depressants elicited positive deflections. There was a direct correlation between maximal frequency of chemosensory discharges and peak sV amplitude when NaCN injections or N2 inhalation were used. However, cholinergic agents, dopamine and substance P evoked sVs which lacked correlation in time-course, amplitude or polarity with changes in sensory frequency. After a 6-day carotid nerve crush, different stimuli still evoked sVs even in the absence of sensory discharges. Both sVs and chemosensory discharges were abolished after 1 h ischemia produced by ligature of carotid body blood vessels. Thus, sVs from carotid body chemoreceptors probably include a neuronal component (the generator potential) directly responsible for the origin of chemosensory discharges, and a non neuronal component (receptor or secretory potentials) probably originating in glomus and/or sustentacular cells. PMID- 3921197 TI - The effect of lactacidemia on regional cerebral blood flow in the newborn dog. AB - The effects of lactacidemia on regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) were determined in newborn dogs using [14C]iodoantipyrine autoradiography. Measurements of rCBF were made in normoxic, normocarbic, normotensive newborn dogs which were paralyzed and passively ventilated with 70% N2O and 30% O2. In 6 dogs rendered lactacidemic by the intravenous infusion of a 2% unneutralized L lactic acid solution, arterial lactate concentrations increased by 268% while arterial pH decreased to a mean value of 7.105 +/- 0.051. Lactacidemia also increased mean arterial pCO2 values to 48.3 +/- 4.3 Torr from their original pre infusion levels of 38.8 +/- 3.1 Torr. Although there were apparent increases in rCBF ranging from 26 to 54% above control levels, upon correction of each region's blood flow values for changes in arterial pCO2, there were no statistically significant differences between rCBF in the control and experimental animals. These results suggest that lactacidemia does not directly alter the cerebral circulation of the normoxic newborn dog. PMID- 3921198 TI - Driven shield for multi-barrel electrode. AB - A driven shield for a nine-barrel micropipette containing a carbon fiber recording electrode in the center barrel is described. Two of the nine surrounding micropipettes were used as a driven shield channel to reduce capacitance between the recording electrode and the brain tissue. This method facilitates recording of single neuron activity, even in deep areas of the monkey brain, such as the amygdala and lateral hypothalamic area. PMID- 3921199 TI - Chromic acid burns and acute chromium poisoning. AB - The problems encountered during the treatment of a patient with burns covering 40 per cent of the body surface caused by hot chromic acid and the resulting chromium poisoning are described. Anuria developed on the second day after injury and the patient died on the sixth day. PMID- 3921200 TI - Early detection of malignant melanoma: the role of physician examination and self examination of the skin. AB - The combination of routine physician examination of the skin coupled with self examination provides a realistic opportunity for the identification of early malignant melanomas. Removal of such thin lesions can significantly reduce the mortality rate from this potentially serious form of cutaneous cancer. PMID- 3921201 TI - Classification and staging of renal cell carcinoma. PMID- 3921202 TI - Common misunderstandings about the use of morphine for chronic pain in advanced cancer. PMID- 3921204 TI - [Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis: analysis of 120 cases]. PMID- 3921203 TI - Psychosocial sequelae of ostomies in cancer patients. PMID- 3921205 TI - [Neonatal defects in 18,158 parturitions in the Chengdu area]. PMID- 3921206 TI - [Clinical trial of gossypol as a male contraceptive: a randomized controlled study]. PMID- 3921207 TI - [Early management of perineal third-degree burn in 18 cases]. PMID- 3921208 TI - [Fetal skin used in vaginoplasty: (report of 11 cases)]. PMID- 3921209 TI - [Liver microcirculation in normal and abnormal states]. PMID- 3921210 TI - [Preliminary results of detecting endotoxin-like substances in Chlamydia trachomatis by the Limulus test]. PMID- 3921211 TI - [Dermatoglyphics in genetic eye diseases: retinal pigmentosa and congenital color blindness]. PMID- 3921212 TI - [Experimental and clinical study on auto-mononuclear macrophage therapy in herpesvirus keratitis]. PMID- 3921213 TI - [Histopathological study of familial systemic amyloidosis with latticed corneal dystrophy]. PMID- 3921214 TI - [Ocular manifestation of Wegener's granulomatosis (report of a case)]. PMID- 3921215 TI - [Ultrasonography in the diagnosis of bulging lesions of the gastric wall]. PMID- 3921216 TI - [Heart valve surgery in geriatric patients]. PMID- 3921217 TI - [Analysis of changes in the auditory brain stem response in brain stem diseases]. PMID- 3921218 TI - [Experimental study on autotransplantation of the adrenal medulla to the brain]. PMID- 3921219 TI - [Experimental observations on the healing process after anastomosis of colonic eversion]. PMID- 3921220 TI - Air embolism during craniotomy in the seated position: a comparison of methods for detection. AB - A case of air embolism sufficient to cause cardiovascular collapse is reported. This occurred during biopsy of the trigeminal nerve with the patient in the seated position. The use of an end-tidal carbon-dioxide monitor was a better indicator than a precordial doppler of the embolic problem. It allowed rapid detection and prompt resuscitation to be carried out. Air embolism is a significant and potentially fatal problem in clinical practice. It has been widely reported during neurosurgical, head and neck, and gynaecological procedures, and increasingly during laparoscopic procedures where carbon dioxide or air may be embolized systemically. A discussion of the incidence and pathophysiology as well as a review of the methods of diagnosis and management follows. PMID- 3921222 TI - Transfer reactions catalyzed by beta-D-xylosidase from Penicillium wortmanni. AB - The beta-D-xylosidase from Penicillium wortmanni catalyses (i) the hydrolysis of beta-D-xylopyranosides and alpha-L-arabinopyranosides, (ii) the transfer of the corresponding glycosyl residue to alcohols, and (iii) the dismutation of aryl beta-D-xylopyranoside substrates. These reactions all occur with retention of configuration and can be rationalized by a symmetrical reaction scheme. The key intermediate is an enzyme-glycosyl complex with a lifetime that is sufficient for the diffusion away of the leaving (aglycon) group and the binding of an acceptor group before water reacts with the intermediate. The exact nature of this complex is unknown, but it must contain an aglycon site which binds preferentially alcohols and sugar molecules having the D-xylose structure. PMID- 3921221 TI - The nucleotide sequence of tRNAVal3a and tRNAVal3b from Drosophila melanogaster. AB - The nucleotide sequences of two valine tRNA's of Drosophila melanogaster are the following: tRNAVal3a, (sequence in text) tRNAVal3b, (sequence in text) tRNAVal3a shows greater similarity to prokaryotic and eukaryotic organelle tRNAVal's than does tRNAVal3b. PMID- 3921223 TI - DRGs and nursing workload measures. PMID- 3921225 TI - Ventilation and respiratory pattern and timing in resting awake cats. AB - The purpose of this study was to characterize the variability and patterns of spontaneous respiratory behaviour in awake cats. Respiration was measured in six cats over 80 or 90 min by the plethysmographic technique. In three cats, arterial blood gases were measured. Breath frequency (f) and tidal volume (VT) varied considerably breath-to-breath, although on average, these measurements as well as average ventilation remained relatively constant. The incidence of breath ventilation (VT X 60/TTOT) and VT were distributed unimodally but the incidence of breath f had a bimodal distribution. In the low f range, average f was 22.5 breaths/min, and in the high f range, average f was 41.6 breaths/min. The latter range appeared to be associated with purring. Inspiratory duration (TI) was less than expiratory duration (TE) at low f but exceeded TE at high f. For a given breath ventilation there was a predictable f and VT. At shorter TI (higher f) mean inspiratory flow, an index of central respiratory drive, increased but VT decreased. This study indicates that "normal" control respiratory behaviour in awake cats is better described by the range and pattern of breathing than by average values. PMID- 3921224 TI - Reconstituted halogenated hydrocarbon pesticide and pollutant mixtures found in human tissues: effects on the immature male Wistar rat after short-term exposure. AB - Halogenated hydrocarbon insecticides and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) mixtures are routinely detected as residues in human adipose tissue, serum, and milk. Based on average values observed in analytical studies, reconstituted halogenated hydrocarbon pesticide mixtures and PCB mixtures were prepared and administered to immature male Wistar rats. The mixtures were administered at dose levels which approximate the concentrations which would be absorbed by an infant suckling for 180 days (low dose, L), and at three higher dose levels (2 X L, 10 X L, and 100 X L). The pesticide mixture contained isomeric hexachlorocyclohexanes, dieldrin, heptachlor epoxide, oxychlordane, trans-nonachlor, hexachlorobenzene, 1,1,1 trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane, 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p chlorophenyl)ethane, and 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene; the reconstituted PCB mixture contained 13 of the major congeners which have been identified in human milk samples. Administration of the L dose level of the pesticide (0.95 mg/kg), PCB (0.45 mg/kg), and pesticide plus PCB mixture (0.95 + 0.45 mg/kg, respectively) in corn oil on days 1 and 3 did not significantly alter hepatic drug-metabolizing enzyme activities or elicit any observable pathological damage 6 days after the first exposure. In contrast, administration of the higher dose levels of this mixture elicited a dose-dependent induction of several hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes. Moreover, despite the short duration of exposure to these chemicals, the rats treated with the higher doses (10 X L and 100 X L) of these mixtures exhibited mild alterations in thyroid architecture, changes in hepatocellular nuclei including variations in chromatin distribution, vesiculation of larger nuclei, and frequent appearance of pyknotic shrunken nuclei.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3921226 TI - Cytosolic enzyme leakage from isolated smooth muscle preparations. AB - Several isolated smooth muscle preparations were shown to release cytosolic enzymes including adenosine deaminase, lactate dehydrogenase, and nucleoside phosphorylase under experimental conditions resembling those used in contractility or drug uptake studies. This enzyme leakage indicates significant general cell damage and suggests that experiments dealing with drug metabolism, binding, and uptake in isolated tissues must be interpreted with caution. PMID- 3921227 TI - Nitrite and nitrous oxide production by Methylosinus trichosporium. AB - Conditions for the production of nitrite and nitrous oxide by an obligate methanotroph, Methylosinus trichosporium (OB 3b), were studied. The rate of nitrite production (V NO2-) was correlated with the concentration of ammonia up to 20 mM in the presence of sufficient amounts of oxygen and inversely correlated with the amounts of methane in the system. The rate of nitrous oxide (N2O) production (V N2O) was correlated positively with V NO2- and the amount of nitrite produced and inversely with the oxygen concentration in the system. Nitrite started to disappear when either oxygen or methane or both were depleted, but only a part of the loss could be accounted for by an increase in N2O. Maximum rates of nitrite and N2O production by Ms. trichosporium were 6.9 X 10(-16) and 2.2 X 10(-17) mol . cell-1 X day-1, respectively. These values are about 0.2 and 1.6% of the values for Nitrosomonas europaea. Therefore, production of nitrite and N2O by methanotrophs in aquatic environments may not be as significant as that of Nitrosomonas. PMID- 3921228 TI - HAC-Cytoxan (cyclophosphamide) chemotherapy for ovarian carcinoma. Alternating chemotherapy with intensification. AB - Twenty-two previously untreated patients with adenocarcinoma of the ovary were treated with 28 day cycles of hexamethylmelamine, Adriamycin (doxorubicin), and cisplatin (HAC) for 9 months followed by three monthly cycles of intense intravenous cyclophosphamide. An overall response frequency of 82% (18/22) was achieved. Complete pathologic responses (CPR) documented by second look operations were found in 50% (11/22); however, patients considered to be free of disease (prolonged complete clinical response refusing "second look" and CPR) totaled 59%. Median survival has not been reached after a median follow-up of 34 months. No major or life threatening toxicity was encountered. HAC followed by cyclophosphamide is a highly effective regimen that may be easily administered on an outpatient basis with comparatively little toxicity. PMID- 3921229 TI - Evidence of chromosomal instability in neurofibromatosis. AB - Blood lymphocytes from six unrelated patients with neurofibromatosis and three normal controls were examined for their response to different doses (0, 75, 150, 300, 400 rad) of x-radiation, as measured by chromosome aberrations (gaps, breaks, dicentrics, centric rings, acentric ring, fragments, and minutes). Cytogenetic studies on phytohemagglutinin-stimulated cells revealed chromosomal instability in the neurofibromatosis lymphocytes as shown by the significant increase in the in the incidence of gaps, breaks and dicentrics. This increase paralleled the increase in the dose of irradiation. The significance of these findings is discussed. PMID- 3921230 TI - Evaluation of three cervical cancer detection programs in Japan with special reference to cost-benefit analysis. AB - Three screening programs for early cervical cancer currently in use in Japan were evaluated according to the following criteria: (1) economic effectiveness; (2) screening efficiency; and (3) access to medical care. The mobile program has the highest benefit-cost ratio (BCR, 1.20) and is hence most cost-effective; its detection rate, rescreening rate, and early cancer detection rate (proportion of Stage-O patients to all patients with cancer) are moderately high (0.09%, 2.07%, 55%, respectively). It is obviously suited to rural areas, especially where residents have a positive attitude toward local health services. The detection center program is less cost-effective than the mobile program (BCR, 0.83) but diagnostically the most effective with highest detection, rescreening, and early cancer detection rate (0.15%, 5.08%, 61%, respectively). It is suitable to large cities (population over 1 million) with efficient public transportation. The private physician program is economically and in terms of screening efficiency least effective of the three; its BCR being 0.40 and detection, rescreening, and early cancer detection rate being the lowest (0.08%, 0.29%, 33%, respectively). However, the private physician program is increasingly employed, presumably because of easy access to medical care, better rapport between the patient and physician, and, in addition, successful lobbying by private physicians. PMID- 3921231 TI - Production of multiple cytokines by clones of human large granular lymphocytes. AB - LGL in addition to mediating natural killer (NK) activity, can secrete a variety of lymphokines, depending on the stimulus used: interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin 2 (IL-2), interferon alpha and gamma (IFN), and B-cell growth factor (BCGF). To define more directly whether cells with NK activity can also secrete one or more cytokines, we obtained clones by limiting dilution assays from highly purified preparations of human LGL and cultured them in IL-2-containing medium for several weeks. All the clones tested spontaneously produced detectable levels of IFN gamma and 35 of 40 clones (87%) produced higher levels when stimulated with PHA. A smaller proportion (16%) of clones (9 of 54) secreted IL-1 after stimulation with LPS, while 34% of the clones (17 of 49) produced IL-2 in response to PHA stimulation. Cytokine production was associated with both cytotoxic and noncytotoxic clones and did not correlate with their surface phenotype, as has been observed for fresh LGL. The ability to produce IL-1 or IL-2 was not usually found within the same clones following PHA and LPS stimulation, respectively; however two clones produced both IL-1 and IL-2 when stimulated in different experiments, but not at the same time. In addition, two of nine cloned LGL simultaneously produced IFN gamma and IL-1. These results indicate that LGL derived clones have the ability to produce multiple cytokines, suggesting that the LGL population may play an important immunoregulatory role and may also be capable of self-regulation of cytolytic activity. PMID- 3921232 TI - Efficient activation of human blood monocytes to a tumoricidal state by liposomes containing human recombinant gamma interferon. AB - Human recombinant gamma interferon (INF-gamma) activated human peripheral blood monocytes to a cytotoxic state capable of lysing adherent tumorigenic cells without harming normal cells. The efficiency of INF-gamma activation of monocytes is enhanced by encapsulating INF-gamma within liposomes: The minimum effective dose (MED) of free INF-gamma for monocyte activation was found to be 1-10 U/ml, per 10(5) monocytes, whereas the minimum dose for IFN-gamma encapsulated in liposomes was less than 0.0025 U. Monocytes treated with liposome-encapsulated INF-gamma retained their cytotoxic phenotype for much longer than do monocytes treated with free INF-gamma. Since liposomes can be passively targeted to cells of the reticuloendothelial system following IV administration, these findings suggest that liposome-encapsulated INF-gamma may have therapeutic potential that should be evaluated in vivo. PMID- 3921233 TI - Lymphocyte supernatant-induced human monocyte tumoricidal activity: dependence on the presence of gamma-interferon. AB - Recently, gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma) has been shown to be have the capacity to activate macrophages in several murine and human systems. The studies reported here were undertaken to determine the identity of the lymphokine responsible for activation of human monocytes to a tumoricidal state. Macrophage-activating factor (MAF) activity was assessed using a 24-h 51Cr release assay with human monocytes as effector cells and K-562 targets. Stimulated lymphocyte supernatants were produced by stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with concanavalin A in serum-free media. Interferon was detected in an antiviral assay. Four lines of evidence lead to the conclusion that MAF and IFN-gamma are identical in this system: (a) fractionation of stimulated lymphocyte supernatants by adsorption chromatography, followed by anion or cation exchange chromatography (Mono-S, Mono-Q columns), resulted in nearly identical elution profiles of MAF and IFN activities. All of the individual fractions containing MAF activity were found to contain IFN in amounts corresponding to MAF activity. (b) Monoclonal antibody specific for IFN-gamma neutralized the ability of stimulated lymphocyte supernatants to induce human monocyte tumoricidal activity. This antibody also neutralized the MAF activity of purified IFN-gamma but not alpha-interferon. (c) The biological MAF activity of activated lymphocyte supernatants and IFN-gamma were similar. Dilution versus MAF activity for IFN-gamma and stimulated lymphocyte supernatants exhibited identical slopes. Lymphocyte supernatants and IFN-gamma demonstrated similar MAF activity on three effector cells: monocytes, in vitro-differentiated macrophages, and dexamethasone-differentiated macrophages. (d) Analysis of supernatants produced by five antigen-stimulated human T-cell clones demonstrated coordinate production of MAF and IFN. These results provide compelling evidence for support of the concept that IFN-gamma is the major human lymphokine capable of inducing monocyte-macrophage tumoricidal activity. PMID- 3921234 TI - Requirement of essential fatty acid for mammary tumorigenesis in the rat. AB - In an attempt to determine the requirement of essential fatty acid for dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced mammary tumorigenesis, rats were fed diets containing different levels of linoleate: 0.5, 1.1, 1.7, 2.2, 3.5, 4.4, 8.5, or 11.5%. Each diet contained 20% of fat by weight, with varying amounts of coconut oil and corn oil added to achieve the desired levels of linoleate. Mammary tumorigenesis was very sensitive to linoleate intake and increased proportionately in the range of 0.5 to 4.4% of dietary linoleate. Regression analysis indicated that a breakpoint occurred at 4.4%, beyond which there was a very poor linear relationship, suggesting the possibility of a plateau. From the intersection of the regression lines in both the upper and lower ranges, the level of linoleate required to elicit the maximal tumorigenic response was estimated to be around 4%. The differences in tumor yield could not be correlated with changes in prostaglandin E concentration in the mammary fat pads of normal animals maintained on similar diets, suggesting that linoleate may act by some other mechanism to stimulate mammary tumorigenesis. PMID- 3921235 TI - Biological properties of N4- and N1,N8-spermidine derivatives in cultured L1210 leukemia cells. AB - Eleven novel spermidine (SPD) derivatives were synthesized as potential anticancer agents and evaluated for their ability to compete with [3H]SPD for cellular uptake, to inhibit cell growth, to affect polyamine biosynthesis, to suppress enzyme activity, and to substitute for SPD in supporting growth of cultured L1210 leukemia cells. The compounds included a series of N4-SPD derivatives (N4-methyl-SPD, N4-ethyl-SPD, N4-acetyl-SPD, N4-hexyl-SPD, N4 hexanoyl-SPD, N4-benzyl-SPD, and N4-benzoyl-SPD) and a series of N1,N8-SPD derivatives [N1,N8-bis(ethyl)-SPD, N1,N8-bis(acetyl)-SPD, N1,N8-bis(propyl)-SPD, and N1,N8-bis(propionyl)-SPD]. Uptake studies revealed N4-alkyl derivatives to be the most effective competitive inhibitors of [3H]SPD uptake (Ki, 26 to 43 microM) followed by N1,N8-alkyl derivatives (Ki, 71 to 115 microM), then N4-acyl derivatives (Ki, 115 to greater than 500 microM), and N1,N8-acyl derivatives (Ki, greater than 500 microM). The data indicate the relative importance of the terminal amines and of charge as determinants of cellular uptake. Of the 11 derivatives, only N4-hexyl-SPD, N1,N8-bis(ethyl)-SPD, and N1,N8-bis(propyl)-SPD demonstrated antiproliferative activity at 0.1 mM with 50%-inhibitory concentration values at 48 h of 30, 40, and 50 microM, respectively. In the case of the N1,N8-SPD derivatives, recovery from growth inhibition was enhanced considerably by exogenous SPD, suggesting involvement of polyamine depletion. At 10 to 30 microM, both N1,N8-bis(ethyl)-SPD and N1,N8-bis(propyl)-SPD (but not N4 hexyl-SPD) inhibited polyamine biosynthesis as indicated by significant reductions in polyamine pools and in biosynthetic enzyme activities. The more effective of the two, N1,N8-bis(ethyl)-SPD, depleted intracellular putrescine and SPD and reduced spermine by approximately 50% at 96 h and decreased ornithine and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase activities by 98 and 62%, respectively. Since neither derivative (at 5 mM) directly inhibited these enzymes from untreated cell extracts by significantly more than SPD itself, it is suspected that they act by regulating enzyme levels. As a measure of regulatory potential of the derivatives, ornithine decarboxylase was assayed in cells treated for 24 h and compared to the effects of 10 microM SPD which reduced the enzyme activity by 80%. None of the N4-SPD derivatives affected ornithine decarboxylase activity, while N1,N8-bis(ethyl)- and (propyl)-SPD were nearly as effective as SPD. Apparently, the central amine of the molecule is critical for regulatory function.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3921236 TI - Substrate specificity of human liver cytochrome P-450 debrisoquine 4-hydroxylase probed using immunochemical inhibition and chemical modeling. AB - A significant population of humans (5 to 10%) are phenotypic poor metabolizers of debrisoquine. We have isolated the cytochrome P-450 isozyme from rat liver responsible for this activity and have shown that antibodies raised against the protein are able to inhibit this catalytic activity in human liver microsomes (Distlerath, L. M., and Guengerich, F. P., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 81: 7348 7352, 1984). These antibodies were utilized to determine which metabolic transformations are linked to debrisoquine 4-hydroxylation in human liver microsomes using techniques of immunochemical inhibition. The antibodies almost completely inhibited debrisoquine 4-hydroxylation and bufuralol 1'-hydroxylation in microsomes prepared from several different human livers. The oxidation of the pyrrolizidine alkaloids lasiocarpine and monocrotaline were inhibited by roughly one-third. The antibodies did not inhibit N,N-dimethylnitrosamine N demethylation, oxidation of vinylidene chloride to 2,2-chloroacetaldehyde, oxidation of trichloroethylene to chloral, N-oxidation of azoprocarbazine, morphine N-demethylation, diazepam N-demethylation, oxidation of benzo(a)pyrene to alkali-soluble metabolites, oxidation of benzo(a)pyrene 7,8-dihydrodiol to products covalently bound to DNA, the N- and ring-oxidation of 1- and 2 naphthylamine and 2-aminofluorene, or the conversion of aflatoxin B1 to DNA adducts or aflatoxin Q1. Studies with space-filling models of the drugs the metabolism of which is associated with debrisoquine 4-hydroxylase in the literature indicated that all can be fitted to a general structure in which a basic nitrogen is about 5 A away from the site of carbon hydroxylation and a hydrophobic domain is near the site of hydroxylation. These results may be useful in predicting which chemicals may or may not be metabolized in an atypical manner by a segment of the human population. PMID- 3921237 TI - Chemosensitization of cultured human carcinoma cells to 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1 nitrosourea by difluoromethylornithine-induced polyamine depletion. AB - We have investigated the effect of pretreatment with the ornithine decarboxylase inhibitor alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) on the cytocidal efficacy of 1,3 bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) in a series of five cultured human adenocarcinoma cell lines. Plating efficiency assays were used to generate BCNU dose-response survival curves for DFMO-treated and control cells. The cell lines varied in their sensitivity to BCNU, with A-427 (lung) and HuTu-80 (duodenum) cells being most sensitive, HT-29 (colon) and ME-180 (cervix) most resistant, and MCF-7 (breast) showing intermediate sensitivity. For all five cell lines, a 48-h pretreatment with 5 mM DFMO reduced intracellular putrescine and spermidine content to less than 10% of control levels and decreased spermine content to between 60 and 70% of controls. This pretreatment resulted in a shift of the BCNU survival curves for each of the five cell lines downward and to the left, indicating that the cells were sensitized to the lethal effects of BCNU. Dose enhancement ratios for DFMO-induced chemosensitization ranged from 1.2 (HuTu-80 cells at the 1% survival level) to 1.9 (HT-29 cells at the 10% survival level). The cell lines most resistant to BCNU appeared to give the greatest degree of potentiation by DFMO pretreatment. For four of the five cell lines, addition of 50 to 100 microM exogenous putrescine to DFMO-pretreated cultures 12 to 24 h before BCNU addition reversed the chemosensitization. ME-180 cells were the sole exception. Exogenous putrescine did not increase the surviving fraction after BCNU of any cells not pretreated with DFMO. These results suggest that DFMO induced chemosensitization to BCNU in the four cell lines other than ME-180 is a specific consequence of the inhibition of ornithine decarboxylase by DFMO and the resulting depletion of intracellular polyamine content. PMID- 3921238 TI - An experimental rat model of local bone cancer invasion and its responsiveness to ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-bis(phosphonate). AB - Line A Walker carcinoma differs from line B in that it does not elicit hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria when implanted in rats at various sites (s.c, i.m., intraaortically). However, Walker 256/A, unlike line B, may invade the tibia when implanted i.m. in the adjacent gastrocnemius muscle. This invasion was evaluated by measuring the increased weight of the bone and decreased calcium concentration per unit weight of the tibia, by reduced opacity to X-ray, and by the presence of tumor cells in the compact bone cortex. Ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1 bis(phosphonate), a diphosphonate derivative, at a dose of 10 to 30 mg/kg/day s.c., prevented cancer cell invasion of the tibia as judged by the above criteria. This inhibition was obtained with no apparent effect on the growth of Walker 256/A carcinoma. PMID- 3921239 TI - Correlation of initiating potency of skin carcinogens with potency to induce resistance to terminal differentiation in cultured mouse keratinocytes. AB - The induction by chemical carcinogens of resistance to terminal differentiation in cultured mouse keratinocytes has been proposed to represent a cellular change associated with the initiation phase of skin carcinogenesis. Previous results with this culture model indicated that the number of differentiation-resistant foci was correlated with the dose and known potency for several chemical carcinogens. Assay conditions were optimized to provide quantitative results for screening a variety of carcinogens for their potency as inducers of foci resistant to terminal differentiation. Eight skin initiators of varying potency and from different chemical classes and ultraviolet light were studied for their activity to induce this alteration in cultured epidermal cells from newborn BALB/c mice. There was an excellent positive correlation for the potency of these agents as initiators in vivo and as inducers of altered differentiation in vitro. The induction of resistant foci was independent of the relative cytotoxic effects of each agent except where cytotoxicity was extensive and reduced the number of foci. The results support the hypothesis that initiation of carcinogenesis in skin results in an alteration in the program of epidermal cell differentiation. The results also suggest that the assay is useful for identifying relative potency classes (strong, moderate, weak) of initiating agents. PMID- 3921240 TI - Increased synthesis of acid-soluble nuclear material in spleens of tumor-bearing BALB/c mice. AB - The specific activity (dpm/mg protein) of the acid-soluble nuclear material extracted from spleens or lymph nodes (but not other tissues) of tumor-bearing BALB/c mice was approximately twice that of the corresponding tissues from tumor free mice of the same age and sex following i.p. injection of L-[U-14C]lysine. Autoradiography of gel electrophoretograms showed the major increases in radioactivity to be in histone H2A and histone H2B. Rabbit anti-mouse lymphocyte serum could prevent the splenic response to tumor only if the serum was given at the time of, or very soon after, the tumor transplant. Immunization with sheep red blood cells or with bovine serum albumin in adjuvant did cause an increase in specific activity of the splenic acid-soluble nuclear material, but there was little difference between samples from normal and tumor-bearing mice when the nuclei were purified before extraction. Use of adjuvant, with or without antigen, prevented the tumor-induced increase in the specific activity of the acid soluble, histone fraction. Thus, adjuvant-induced suppressor cells were able to interfere with lysine incorporation. It was concluded that the tumor must grow within the host for this manifestation, since mice which were immune to the tumor as a result of vaccination had no increase in lysine incorporation, compared to normal, untreated mice. However, vaccinated mice which did not develop immunity had tumor growth and the associated increased splenic histone synthesis. A regulatory role is suggested for the histones H2A and H2B. PMID- 3921241 TI - Regulation of plasminogen activator activity in human fibroblastic cells by fibrosarcoma cell-derived factors. AB - Low-molecular-weight protein factors (Mr 8,000 to 18,000) from serum-free conditioned medium of human fibrosarcoma (8387) cells reversibly enhanced the secretion of proteinase-inhibitory activity by cultured normal human skin fibroblasts. This inhibitory activity could be absorbed by immobilized plasminogen activator (PA) of urokinase type but not by heparin, and it was sensitive to treatment with sodium dodecyl sulfate. The secretion of a heparin binding Mr 60,000 proteinase inhibitor, resembling protease nexin, was also detected. Early passages of adult skin fibroblasts do not contain or secrete PA. When cell types secreting this enzyme were tested, the fibrosarcoma-derived factors decreased the PA secretion detectable after sodium dodecyl sulfate treatment in all conditioned media of normal and malignant fibroblastic cells examined, including the 8387 cell line itself. However, no effects on the secretion of PA by normal or malignant cells of epithelioid origin or by melanoma cells were seen. A similar preparation from human epidermoid carcinoma (A431) conditioned medium did not affect the PA activity or secretion of proteinase inhibitors from fibroblastic cells. The ability of sarcoma cells to modulate the production of PA inhibitors is a novel characteristic in the regulation of cellular proteolysis. PMID- 3921242 TI - Effects of aromatase inhibitors, aminoglutethimide, and 4-hydroxyandrostenedione on cyclic rats and rats with 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced mammary tumors. AB - 4-Hydroxyandrostenedione (4-OHA) is a more potent and specific inhibitor of aromatase (estrogen synthetase) than aminoglutethimide (AG). The two inhibitors were compared in rats with 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced, hormone dependent tumors and in normal cyclic rats treated for 4 and 2 weeks, respectively. Ovarian estradiol levels and aromatase activities were not consistently reduced, and tumors regressed in only two of eight rats treated with AG. In animals treated with 4-OHA or 4-OHA:AG, the total tumor volume, estradiol levels, and aromatase activity decreased by greater than 70%. Ovarian weights and plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) levels were also reduced by 4-OHA but increased by AG. Uterine weights were not altered by AG treatment but were increased by 4 OHA. Similar but more consistent results were obtained with these treatments in normal, cyclic rats. In ovariectomized rats, AG had no effect, whereas 4-OHA decreased LH levels and increased uterine weights. The results suggest that, although AG reduces ovarian estrogen secretion by aromatase inhibition, this may lead to an increase in LH secretion. Increased LH may promote ovarian growth and aromatase synthesis, counteracting the inhibitory action of AG to some extent. 4 OHA which inactivates aromatase may also prevent new enzyme synthesis by directly inhibiting gonadotropins. This would result in more effective reduction in ovarian estrogen production by 4-OHA than AG during long-term treatment. PMID- 3921243 TI - Role of polyamines in estradiol-induced growth of human breast cancer cells. AB - The present study explored the possible involvement of polyamines in estradiol stimulated proliferation of human breast cancer cells using the estrogen responsive subline of T-47D cells (clone 11). 17 beta-Estradiol (10(-10) M) stimulated cell growth 2- to 4-fold. This estradiol-induced proliferation was associated with a peak (at 12-24 h) of activity of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), the first and rate-limiting enzyme of polyamine biosynthesis. Estradiol-induced cell growth and ODC activity were observed only in the presence of 10% charcoal treated fetal bovine serum, suggesting that serum factors are required for estrogen action. alpha-Difluoromethylornithine (DFMO, 0.1 mM), a specific inhibitor of ODC, blocked the estradiol-induced cell proliferation and ODC activity. Putrescine (0.1 mM) rescued the inhibitory effect of DFMO on growth of steroid-treated cells. Putrescine alone was not stimulatory to cells, and in combinations with estradiol, it did not augment the effect of estradiol. In addition, DFMO abolished the estradiol-induced growth of several other hormone responsive cell lines but did not affect the proliferation of unresponsive cells. Hormone-responsive cells exhibited differential sensitivity to DFMO; resistant cell lines (e.g., MCF-7) were found to possess higher endogeneous levels of ODC than sensitive cell lines (e.g., T-47D and ZR-75-1). Our findings indicate that polyamines are essential, although not sufficient, in estrogen stimulation of human breast cancer cells. PMID- 3921244 TI - Vascular resistance characteristics of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced rat mammary tumors and normal tissues as studied in vitro. AB - Vascular perfusion characteristics have been studied in dimethylbenz(a)anthracene induced rat mammary neoplasia and compared with those of skin, skeletal muscle, salivary gland, kidney, spleen, uterus, and brain by means of an artificial perfusion technique. Perfusion of tissues and organs was measured by the microsphere tracer technique. This procedure makes possible a detailed hemodynamic analysis of several tissues under controlled conditions, in this study maximum vascular relaxation, without confounding endogenous vasoregulation. The maximal perfusion capacity, i.e., during smooth muscle relaxation, of tumors and various tissues was related to perfusion pressure at three levels by means of three differently labeled microspheres. Tumors, especially large ones, have a low maximum perfusion capacity, i.e., high vascular resistance, compared to most other tissues. For the tumors, a relatively high perfusion pressure is required to open up the otherwise collapsed vascular network. PMID- 3921245 TI - Effect of pretreatment with alpha-difluoromethylornithine on the selectivity of methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) for tumor tissue in L1210 leukemic mice. AB - A number of studies have demonstrated that pretreatment of tumor-bearing animals with the inhibitor of polyamine biosynthesis, alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), potentiates the antitumor activity of methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) (MGBG). The present study examines whether this phenomenon is related to a DFMO mediated increase in the selectivity of MGBG for tumor tissue. Specifically, the effect of DFMO pretreatment on the tissue distribution and content of MGBG was investigated in mice bearing ascites L1210 leukemia. At 3 and 18 h following a single i.v. injection of [14C]MGBG (50 mg/kg), L1210 cells and seven tissues from nonpretreated (control) and DFMO-pretreated (3% by drinking water for 3 days) animals were compared for their [14C]MGBG content. In control mice, the greatest amount of drug was found in L1210 cells, small intestine, and kidney (in decreasing order of magnitude) at both 3 and 18 h. This distribution was not altered following DFMO pretreatment, but the relative MGBG content of other tissues was shifted. On an average, DFMO pretreatment increased the accumulation of MGBG by 30% in normal tissues and 32% in tumor tissues at 3 h and 56% and 69%, respectively, at 18 h. Thus, pretreatment of leukemic mice with DFMO fails to improve the selectivity of MGBG for L1210 cells. It is possible that other tumor systems might demonstrate sufficient DFMO-mediated increases in MGBG uptake to enhance drug selectivity but not without significantly increasing MGBG uptake (and hence toxicity) in normal tissues. PMID- 3921246 TI - Synergistic effect of human immune interferon and double-stranded RNA against human colon carcinoma cells in vitro. AB - The cytocidal activity of human immune interferon (IFN-gamma) in combination with the synthetic double-stranded RNA, poly(I).poly(C), was investigated in human colon carcinoma cell line HT-29. Three days of treatment with IFN-gamma (10 to 25 units/ml) resulted in 30 to 40% reduction in colony formation, whereas poly(I).poly(C) (25 to 100 micrograms/ml) reduced cell viability by 10 to 20% of control. The lethal effect of the combination of IFN-gamma and poly(I).poly(C) was synergistic wherein 70 to 90% reduction in colony formation was observed. Measurements of DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis after IFN-gamma and poly(I).poly(C) treatment showed a dose-dependent reduction in all three parameters. Recombinant IFN-gamma in combination with poly(I).poly(C) exhibited a similar effect. Studies evaluating the molecular mechanism of IFN-gamma and poly(I).poly(C) toxicity indicate a lack of involvement of the double-stranded RNA-dependent (2',5')oligoadenylate-RNase L and protein kinase pathways; however, the effect appears to be related to the inhibition of ribosomal RNA transcription in this cell line. PMID- 3921248 TI - Association of resistance to terminal differentiation with initiation of carcinogenesis in adult mouse epidermal cells. AB - Primary adult mouse epidermal cells were maintained as a monolayer culture with a high proliferation rate in fibroblast-conditioned medium with low Ca2+ concentration (less than 0.1 mM). Terminal differentiation of the cultures was induced by raising the Ca2+ level in the medium above 0.1 mM. Treatment of adult mouse epidermal cells either in vivo or in vitro with 7,12 dimethylbenz(a)anthracene or N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine yielded colonies which were resistant to terminal differentiation induced by Ca2+. The number of resistant colonies was dependent upon the dose of each carcinogen used whether exposure was in vivo or in vitro. Cultures derived from skin initiated in vivo with 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene, a strong initiator, resulted in more colonies than were derived from skin initiated with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N nitrosoguanidine, a moderately potent initiator. Two mouse strains, BALB/c and SENCAR, which differ in sensitivity to skin carcinogenesis, yielded similar numbers of Ca2+-resistant colonies following carcinogen exposure. However, colonies developed spontaneously from untreated SENCAR cells (the sensitive strain), but not from BALB/c cells (the resistant strain). These results support the concept that cells resistant to terminal differentiation are initiated cells. The results also suggest that initiation may occur spontaneously in SENCAR skin, a finding consistent with the reported occurrence of tumors in mice of this strain receiving promoters without exogenous initiator. PMID- 3921247 TI - Arene imines, a new class of exceptionally potent mutagens in bacterial and mammalian cells. AB - K-region aziridines of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons reverted Salmonella typhimurium his- (TA100, TA98) and Escherichia coli trp- strains (WP2 uvrA), without requiring activation by mammalian enzymes. The number of revertants induced per nmol in S. typhimurium TA 100, the most responsive strain, variea from 6 to 10,000 for the seven monoaziridines and the two bisaziridines tested. Interestingly, the mutagenic potencies (y) of the monoaziridines were closely related (r = 0.984) with those of the corresponding epoxide analogues (x) by the equation y = 19.6 X0.97, i.e., the aziridines were about 20-fold stronger mutagens than were the epoxides. One of the aziridines, benzo(a)pyrene (BP)-4,5 imine, was investigated in several additional mutagenicity test systems: toxicity in DNA repair-deficient (rec-) and -proficient (rec+) Bacillus subtilis strains; induction of 6-thioguanine resistance in V79 Chinese hamster cells; and induction of sister chromatid exchanges in cultured human fibroblasts. In all systems, BP 4,5-imine was much more active than the epoxide analogue, BP-4,5-oxide. The difference in activity was particularly large in the two test systems with mammalian target cells in which several hundredfold higher concentrations of the epoxide had to be used in order to elicit equipotent effects. Even r-7,t-8 dihydroxy-t-9,10-oxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-BP, which is one of the most potent mutagens known for V79 cells, was less active in the mammalian cells than was BP 4,5-imine. One reason that arene imines are such potent mutagens may be that they are poorly detoxified. Addition of highly purified microsomal epoxide hydrolase, which strongly reduced the mutagenicity of BP-4,5-oxide and benz(a)anthracene-5,6 oxide in S. typhimurium, had no effect on the mutagenicity of the corresponding aziridines. Furthermore, while benz(a)anthracene-5,6-oxide was inactivated by highly purified cytosolic epoxide hydrolase, benz(a)anthracene-5,6-imine was not inactivated. It is noteworthy that the arene imines are isomeric with and structurally closely related to aromatic amines. Some aziridines derived from nonaromatic structures (ethylene imines) have been reported as metabolites of xenobiotics; others are used as chemotherapeutics. At present, however, the results are mainly of theoretical interest in that a new type of arene derivatives with exceptionally potent, probably ultimate, mutagenicity was discovered and may be exploited for the study of mechanisms of chemical carcinogenesis. PMID- 3921249 TI - Pharmacokinetics, single-dose tolerance, and biological activity of recombinant gamma-interferon in cancer patients. AB - We report a clinical study of the pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and biological activity of i.v.- and i.m.-administered recombinant gamma-interferon (rIFN-gamma) consisting of 143 amino acids. Ten patients with metastatic cancer were given rIFN-gamma at doses of 0.01 to 2.5 mg/sq m by alternating i.m. and i.v. bolus injections with a minimum intervening period of 72 h. After i.v. administration, rIFN-gamma was cleared monoexponentially with a short half-life of 25 to 35 min as determined by bioassay and enzyme immunoassay. After i.m. injection, a longer half-life of 227 to 462 min was measured by enzyme immunoassay. Serum titers were detected by bioassay only at high doses, suggesting partial loss of antiviral activity at the i.m. site. However, other biological effects were retained as evidenced by fever, chills, and fatigue after both routes of administration and granulocytopenia after i.m., but not i.v., doses. Two of ten patients showed objective evidence of tumor regression. These data suggest that further studies with i.m. as well as prolonged i.v. infusions of rIFN-gamma are indicated. PMID- 3921250 TI - In vivo studies on enhancement and promotion of respiratory tract carcinogenesis: studies with heterotopic tracheal transplants. PMID- 3921251 TI - Pediatric head injuries caused by traffic accidents. A prospective study with 5 year follow-up. AB - In an unselected series of 488 patients with head injuries referred to a general surgical department, there were 126 children aged 0-19 years whose head injuries were a result of traffic accidents. In age group 0-4 years, only 23% of the head injuries were due to traffic accidents. In age groups 5-9, 10-14, and 15-19 years, however, traffic accidents were the main cause of the injuries, being responsible for 47%, 65% and 82% of the cases respectively. Both age groups 5-9 and 10-14 years had an unusually high proportion of bicycle injuries, while motorcycle and automobile accidents were the leading causes of injury in age group 15-19 years. Eight children (6%) died as a result of head trauma. Furthermore, among the survivors there were 8 children with severe head injuries (post-traumatic amnesia lasting 24 h), the rest being minor head injuries. All the survivors but one returned to school and achieved reasonable performances. Repeated follow-up studies at 3 months, 1 and 5 years, including interviews with the parents, disclosed that several of the children had headache, dizziness and other complaints. These subjective complaints subsided with time, but with different patterns, in the younger and older age groups. It is concluded that the "postconcussional syndrome" is not uncommon in children, but it may be better tolerated and resolves more completely with time than in adults. Eight children (7%) had one seizure or more during the 5-year follow-up period. PMID- 3921252 TI - Dependence of spatial heterogeneity of myocardial blood flow on mean blood flow rate in the rabbit heart. AB - The relationship between spatial heterogeneity of myocardial blood flow and the rate of perfusion was examined in anaesthetised-chest rabbits. Blood flow determinations employed the radioactive microsphere technique. Five tissue samples were obtained from each of four regions of the left ventricle: left septum, right septum, subendocardium and subepicardium. Standard deviation (SD) and the coefficient of variation (CV = SD/mean flow x 100), an index of spatial heterogeneity, were computed. A wide range of mean coronary flows was obtained in seven groups by inspiration of room air, 8% O2, 8% O2 and 10% CO2, 100% O2, 100% O2 and hyperventilation, and by administration of adenosine or chromomar HCl. Significant differences in CV were found between treatment groups at the upper and lower ends of the flow range. A significant positive linear correlation between overall SD and mean coronary flow was found (r = 0.760). A significant inverse linear relationship between CV and mean flow was found over the entire range of flows studied (r = -0.482). An improved correlation between CV of calculated coronary vascular resistance and mean vascular resistance (r = 0.742) amongst these treatments suggests that spatial heterogeneity is better described by the variability in calibre of large arterioles. This decreased heterogeneity accompanying high flows or reduced vascular resistance may be beneficial in terms of O2 supply and demand under conditions of myocardial stress. PMID- 3921253 TI - Influence of nitroglycerin on collateral blood flow during acute ischaemia in the dog. AB - To investigate the effects of nitroglycerin on collateral blood flow 10 open chest dogs underwent coronary occlusion followed by nitroglycerin infusion (80 to 300 micrograms . min-1) to lower mean systemic blood pressure by 20 mmHg, followed by phenylephrine infusion (10 to 40 micrograms . min-1) to restore blood pressure to the pre-nitroglycerin level. Myocardial blood flow was measured with microspheres. The contribution of overlapping normal zone tissue in the ischaemic zone was evaluated with the balloon perfusion technique. Collateral flow was measured with microspheres in the most ischaemic tissue. In addition "load line" analysis was used to calculate collateral flow from retrograde flow. Nitroglycerin lowered blood flow to non-ischaemic tissue, and tended to lower blood flow to ischaemic tissue. Phenylephrine restored blood flow to the value after coronary occlusion. Load line analysis data was similar to data on myocardial blood flow from the microspheres. Collateral resistance changed little during the experiment. Th effects of nitroglycerin on collateral blood flow are, thus, minimal. While it is possible that under special circumstances there may be some decrease in collateral resistance, the bulk of data from this study and others do not support the idea that systemic infusion of nitroglycerin in the setting of an acute myocardial infarction will affect collateral flow. PMID- 3921254 TI - Drug interactions between antiepileptic drugs and other drugs. AB - Antiepileptic drugs interact with a variety of other drugs to affect the pharmacokinetic behavior of either drug. Drug interactions may also occur when antiepileptic drugs are given in combination. The possibility of such interactions is not a contraindication to the use of combinations, but it requires that the clinician be aware of the problem and monitor patients given potentially interacting combinations. PMID- 3921255 TI - Effect of clomiphene citrate on the rabbit ovary. AB - The effect of clomiphene citrate on the rabbit ovary was studied in mature nulliparous rabbits pretreated with three consecutive doses ranging from 0.01 10.0 mg/kg per day. With increasing doses a trend of decrease in mean ovarian weight (mg/kg body weight) is observed 2 days after termination of treatment. Five days later a significant increase occurs, which then subsides again to control values on day 12 after termination of treatment. During this period, no matings or injections of luteinizing hormone were performed to trigger ovulation; consequently no ovulations are observed. Folliculogenesis appears as normally; number and morphology of follicles are within normal ranges. No endogenous, spontaneous gonadotropin surges are detected in blood serum up to the 7th day after termination of treatment (2 and 10 mg doses). The surface epithelium of the ovary resembles normal germinal epithelium; however, after treatment with high doses a "secretory"-like activity is observed, accompanied with ultrastructural changes. PMID- 3921256 TI - Ionic control of locomotion and shape of epithelial cells: I. Role of calcium influx. AB - The role of calcium in the induction of locomotion, control of direction of locomotion, and modulation of shape of epithelial cells derived from Xenopus laevis tadpole epidermis is investigated. Local influx of calcium is achieved by electrophoretic release of small amounts of calcium from a micropipette (tip diameter 0.1-0.5 micron) closely apposed to the cell body or lamella. The cells are made permeable for calcium by calcium ionophore A23187, and they are kept in Ca++-free, Mg++-rich EGTA Ringer. Another method used to induce Ca++ influx is local application of A23187 while cells move in normal culture medium. Influx of Ca++ into the lamella induces a localised increase in thickness and enlargement of the lamella. Stationary cells become active and show movement in the direction of the Ca++ gradient. Fried-egg-shaped cells tend to acquire a semicircular shape and start moving. Moving cells change the direction of their locomotion, following the direction of Ca++ release. Influx of Ca++ in the cell body region induces its contraction concomitant with an increase in lamellar area. These observations suggest the presence of two different Ca++-sensitive components: an actomyosin meshwork in the cell body and an actin gel in the lamella. Influx of Ca++ induces contraction of actomyosin and solation of actin gel. Interaction of these two systems would explain modulation of shape and generation of locomotion in epithelial cells. PMID- 3921257 TI - Concentration and uptake of 5-hydroxytryptamine in platelets from cluster headache and migraine patients. AB - Concentrations of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in platelets were determined in 33 cluster headache patients (17 males) and in 34 migraine patients (16 males) outside attacks. The 5-HT uptake into platelets was measured and the kinetic constants Vmax and Km determined in 26 cluster patients (14 males) and in 30 migraine patients (13 males). Significantly lower 5-HT concentrations in whole blood were found in cluster headache and migraine patients than in 50 healthy controls (19 males). The Vmax and Km values of the 5-HT uptake were significantly lower in cluster headache and migraine patients compared with 22 healthy controls (9 males). The 5-HT concentrations and the kinetics of the 5-HT uptake did not differ between cluster headache and migraine. In healthy controls a significant positive correlation was found between the 5-HT uptake rate at 0.25 microM and Km but not in cluster headache and migraine patients. The 5-HT concentrations in whole blood correlated positively with Vmax and Km, respectively, in cluster headache and with Km in healthy controls but not with Vmax nor with Km in migraine. There was no obvious relation between the kinetics of platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) and the 5-HT uptake except for an increased incidence of low Vmax of MAO and low Km of the 5-HT uptake in cluster headache. The kinetics of the 5-HT uptake was apparently not related to the state of migraine. The results indicate a possible constitutional trait in cluster headache and migraine expressed as low 5-HT concentrations in whole blood and low Vmax and Km of the 5 HT uptake into platelets. PMID- 3921258 TI - Ventricular fibrillation during coronary angiography: reduced incidence in man with contrast media lacking calcium binding additives. AB - The intracoronary injection of contrast media during coronary angiography occasionally results in ventricular fibrillation. Experimental studies have implicated the calcium sequestering agents, sodium citrate and EDTA in Renografin 76 (RG76), as contributing to this complication. Angiovist 370 (AV370) is a contrast medium similar to RG76 except that it contains disodium calcium EDTA instead of EDTA and sodium citrate. To determine if contrast media lacking sodium citrate and EDTA will result in a lower incidence of ventricular fibrillation in man, this investigation compared the incidence of contrast media-induced ventricular fibrillation in patients undergoing coronary angiography with RG76 to that with AV370. Group A consisted of 2,500 consecutive patients undergoing coronary angiography with RG76 and group B consisted of 2,000 subsequent consecutive patients in whom AV370 was employed as the contrast medium. There was no significant difference between groups A and B with respect to the volume of contrast media used per patient (153 +/- 49 ml vs 154 +/- 45ml), age (58.4 +/- 10 vs 58.6 +/- 10 years), sex (70% male vs 70% male), ejection fraction (59 +/- 17 vs 60 +/- 20), history of mitral valve disease (5.8% vs 7.1%), history of aortic valve disease (6.7% vs 6.5%), prior coronary artery bypass graft surgery (6.6% vs 7.3%), or extent of coronary artery disease. Fifteen episodes of contrast media induced ventricular fibrillation occurred in group A (incidence 0.6%) whereas two episodes occurred in group B (incidence 0.1%) (p less than 0.02). Each patient was successfully defibrillated and no adverse sequelae resulted. Thus the present investigation suggests that the incidence of ventricular fibrillation during coronary angiography can be significantly decreased by using contrast media lacking sodium citrate and EDTA. PMID- 3921259 TI - Focusing on the nature of the scrapie agent. PMID- 3921260 TI - Concerted evolution of tRNA genes: intergenic conversion among three unlinked serine tRNA genes in S. pombe. AB - In many cases the multiple genes coding for one specific tRNA are dispersed throughout the genome. The members of such a gene family nevertheless maintain a common nucleotide sequence during evolution. A major mechanism contributing to this concerted evolution is intergenic conversion. Here we show that it occurs between three tRNA genes of related sequence residing on different chromosomes of Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Sequence analysis of converted genes indicates that blocks of a minimal length of 18-33 bp and of a maximal length of 190 bp can be transferred from one gene to the other. During meiosis the frequency of these transfers lies in the order of 10(-5) per progeny spore. Information transfer between any two members of the gene family occurs in both directions. PMID- 3921261 TI - Isolation of the proto-oncogene c-myb from D. melanogaster. AB - We have isolated the proto-oncogene c-myb from Drosophila melanogaster. This gene is represented by a single locus at position 13E-F on the X chromosome, and is expressed in early embryos by transcription into two polyadenylated RNAs with lengths of approximately 3.0 and 3.8 kb. The gene may encode a protein with a molecular weight of at least 55,000 that shares a domain with c-myb (chicken) in which 91 of 125 (or 73%) of the amino acids are identical in the Drosophila and chicken genes. These findings represent the first rigorous identification of a Drosophila proto-oncogene that can encode what may be a nuclear protein, and they set the stage for a genetic analysis of how c-myb serves the normal organism. PMID- 3921262 TI - Transcription cell type specificity is conferred by an immunoglobulin VH gene promoter that includes a functional consensus sequence. AB - Immunoglobulin heavy chain gene transcription was studied using DNA transfection. The enhancer element identified in the mouse heavy chain locus was active in pre B and plasmacytoma cell lines, but no activity was detected in two T cell lymphomas. However, even in the absence of the enhancer, cell type specificity of immunoglobulin gene transcription was still retained. We have used gene fusions to show that transcription cell type specificity is conferred by a VH gene promoter. Deletion analysis of this VH promoter indicates that a conserved octamer found 5' of the TATA box in immunoglobulin V genes is a functional part of the tissue-specific promoter upstream element. PMID- 3921263 TI - Quantitative determination of tubulin and characterization of tubulin forms during development in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - The proportion of tubulin and its isoform pattern have been analyzed at different stages in the development of Drosophila melanogaster. Tubulin proportion varied during development, the highest proportion being found at embryogenesis where two alpha- and beta- (one of them transitory) tubulin subunits were found. During the larval stage, the proportion of total tubulin decreased but new alpha-isotubulins were identified. These alpha-isotubulins were also present at the adult stage and all of them could be incorporated into microtubules assembled in vitro. PMID- 3921264 TI - Cephalosporin resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, with special reference to the proposed trapping of antibiotics by beta-lactamase. AB - Resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains to newer cephalosporins is often associated with stable derepression of synthesis of the chromosomal beta lactamase. Similar resistance is developed by enzyme inducible (i.e. normal) strains in response to beta-lactamase inducers. By comparing the responses of otherwise isogenic P. aeruginosa beta-lactamase inducibility mutants to antipseudomonal cephalosporins alone or in combination with potent beta-lactamase inducers we confirmed that resistance to cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, cefoperazone, and ceftazidime and latamoxef was caused by beta-lactamase action. The low-level resistance to carbenicillin and cefsulodin which was exhibited by some fully beta lactamase derepressed strains was not confirmed to be beta-lactamase determined and may have reflected concurrent target or permeability changes. The mechanism whereby the enzyme protected the cell against cefotaxime and ceftriaxone was also investigated. These agents are reportedly stable to the enzyme and some workers have suggested that resistance entails their being trapped rather than hydrolysed. However, the use of a novel model of cellular beta-lactamase function indicated that a hydrolytic resistance mechanism remained likely. PMID- 3921265 TI - beta-Lactamases of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and susceptibility against beta-lactam antibiotics. AB - A total of 4093 non-replicate Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates supplied by 10 French hospitals from September 1981 to August 1983 was examined for susceptibility to ticarcillin (TIC) and to 11 other beta-lactam antibiotics. Overall incidence of TIC-resistance was low (20.9%) but variable between hospital, unit and culture site and primarily mediated by a constitutive beta lactamase as observed by iodometric detection (66.3%). As suggested by analytical isoelectrofocusing on gel, PSE-1 (CARB-2) and OXA types were predominant but new types appeared. The comparative in vitro activities of 12 antipseudomonal beta lactams appreciated by microtiter MICs with an inoculum of 10(5) CFU were established according to phenotype: TIC-susceptible, TIC-R with a constitutive beta-lactamase (PSE-1, OXA-1, OXA-2, OXA-3, PSE-2 and a new type, TEM-1 and TEM-2 and derepressed cephalosporinase) or without detectable activity. Different patterns of resistance were demonstrated, but imipenem, ceftazidime and aztreonam were the most active antibacterial agents. PMID- 3921266 TI - A five-year analysis of antimicrobial susceptibility testing profiles for beta lactam antimicrobials, with inter-hospital and susceptibility method comparisons within a medical school affiliated hospital system. AB - A comparative study of antimicrobial susceptibility patterns was performed for a five-year period in four hospitals affiliated with the University of Utah School of Medicine due to concern that susceptibility testing method and results differences between hospital units might complicate training and comprise initial antimicrobial therapy. Few significant pattern changes were detected within or between the individual hospitals during the five-year period, and variances between hospitals were in general no greater than variances demonstrated within individual service units within the University Hospital. PMID- 3921267 TI - Emergence of resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics in Pseudomonas aeruginosa during treatment with new beta-lactams. AB - In 12 patients treated with cefsulodin for Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections, resistance to cefsulodin developed in the infecting strains of two patients who failed to improve clinically. In both cases, cross-resistance also appeared for a broad spectrum of new antipseudomonal beta-lactams, except imipenem. The resistant isolate from one patient had a new constitutive beta-lactamase for cephalothin which also had modest activity for cefsulodin, ceftazidime, and carbenicillin. Furthermore, all of the non-hydrolyzed beta-lactams appeared to be bound by a beta-lactamase in this isolate. The origin and role in beta-lactam resistance of the observed beta-lactamase activity are obscure. The resistant isolate from the other patient had no demonstrable beta-lactamase activity that could account for the beta-lactam resistance. In five patients treated with imipenem for P. aeruginosa infections, resistance to imipenem developed in the strains of two patients who failed to improve clinically. The strain from one patient was already resistant to all other antipseudomonal beta-lactams before imipenem therapy. The initial strain from the other patient was broadly susceptible, and it developed resistance only to imipenem. Prior to imipenem therapy, another patient, who had P. aeruginosa endocarditis, had isolates from blood with three different susceptibility patterns: susceptible to all antipseudomonal beta-lactams, resistant to all but imipenem, and resistant to imipenem alone. There was no demonstrable beta-lactamase activity to account for imipenem resistance in any of the isolates in these patients. None of the resistant P. aeruginosa isolates had a change in penicillin-binding proteins from those of their susceptible counterparts that might explain the development of resistance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3921268 TI - [Effect of socioeconomic transformations on the nutritional status of children of the Cashibo tribe (Peruvian Amazonia)]. AB - Investigation for malnutrition, carried out in Peruvian Amazonia, showed 16.4% of malnutrition among 98 children of the Indian Cashibo tribe. This rate is 4 times higher the rate recorded in an indian Brazilian tribe, which is protected and living aside the americano-latin civilization. Some aspects of the acculturation are discussed to explain such a difference. PMID- 3921269 TI - Effects of ellipticine, flavone, and 7,8-benzoflavone upon 7,12 dimethylbenz[a]anthracene, 7,14-dimethyldibenzo[a,h]anthracene and dibenzo[a,h]anthracene initiated skin tumors in mice. AB - Varying doses of ellipticine (EL), flavone (FL), or 7,8-benzoflavone (78BF) were applied to mouse skin 5 min before an initiating dose of 10 nmol 7,12 dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA), 47.5 nmol 7,14-dimethylbenzo[a,h]anthracene (DDBA), or 200 nmol dibenzo[a,h]anthracene (DBA) and the development of skin tumors in the mice then promoted by topical applications of 2 micrograms 12-O tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). As expected, treatment with 78BF (37 nmol or 370 nmol) markedly inhibited the skin tumor initiation by DMBA (greater than 70%). High doses of FL (4500 nmol) or EL (410 nmol) also inhibited DMBA tumorigenesis (52% and 82%, respectively) but lower doses of FL (450 nmol) or EL (4.1 nmol) stimulated DMBA tumorigenesis (greater than 40%). As was the case with DMBA initiation, the higher doses of FL or EL inhibited DDBA skin tumorigenesis and the lower doses of these two modifiers stimulated the DDBA tumorigenesis. In contrast with the results with DMBA initiation, treatment with 78BF (370 nmol or 3700 nmol) slightly enhanced DDBA tumorigenesis (22% and 6%, respectively). Treatment with EL and FL at all doses tested stimulated DBA tumorigenesis (range 4-51%), while treatment with 370 nmol 78BF slightly stimulated DBA tumorigenesis (19%) and treatment with 3700 nmol slightly inhibited DBA tumorigensis (9%). The effects of a range of 78BF doses upon skin tumor initiation by 40 nmol DMBA were also investigated. While all doses of 78BF tested (0.37-370 nmol) inhibited the DMBA tumorigenesis, the dose response was not linear; treatment with 3.7 nmol 78BF resulted in more papillomas per mouse (12.20) than did treatment with either 0.37 nmol 78BF (8.70) or 37 nmol 78BF (5.97). It is concluded that modifiers such as 78BF, FL and EL may have a variable, dose-dependent effect upon skin tumor initiation by carcinogenic polycyclic arylhydrocarbons. Some implications of this proposal are discussed. PMID- 3921270 TI - Regulation and expression of four cytochrome P-450 isoenzymes, NADPH-cytochrome P 450 reductase, the glutathione transferases B and C and microsomal epoxide hydrolase in preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions in rat liver. AB - Nitrosamine-induced hepatocarcinogenesis has been used to investigate the regulation and expression of different drug-metabolizing enzymes in preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions in the female Wistar rat. The enzymes investigated were two phenobarbital-inducible cytochrome P-450 (cyt. P-450) isoenzymes (PB1 and PB2, mol. wt. 52 000 and 53 500, respectively), two 3-methylcholanthrene inducible forms (MC1 and MC2, mol. wt. 54 500 and 57 000, respectively), NADPH cytochrome P-450 reductase, the cytosolic glutathione transferases (GSTs) B and C and the microsomal epoxide hydrolase with broad substrate specificity (mEHb). Carcinogen-induced lesions were identified by use of the known markers of hepatocarcinogenesis adenosinetriphosphatase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. While the GSTs and mEHb were increased in all preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions, the levels of the individual cyt. P-450 isoenzymes were characteristically different from each other. In many of the early ATPase deficient islets PB1 was elevated, whereas the content of the other cyt. P-450 forms and NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase was either unchanged or slightly lowered. At later stages of hepatocarcinogenesis PB1 returned to the levels of the surrounding tissue, while the other cyt. P-450 isoenzymes were decreased, the most prominent reduction being found in MC1. In neoplastic nodules all the cyt. P 450s and NADPH-cyt. P-450 reductase were diminished, some of them dramatically. These findings indicate that in spite of a common response of groups of P-450s to inducing agents, individual P-450 isoenzymes are also regulated separately. Moreover, the constant elevation of mEHb and GSTs in all lesions investigated in this study demonstrates that these enzymes, which are largely involved in deactivation, are regulated in a different fashion from the predominantly carcinogen-activating monooxygenases. The observed differences in enzyme pattern may provide a useful method for subdividing and categorizing preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions. PMID- 3921271 TI - Defective repair of a class of 4NQO-induced alkali-labile DNA lesions in xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group A fibroblasts. AB - Normal human or xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group A (XP-A) fibroblasts were exposed to various concentrations of either 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO) or its 3-methyl derivative, and the rates of repair of the alkali-labile lesions induced in DNA by each agent were monitored over a period of 24 h post-treatment incubation. The data indicate that 4NQO induces at least two major classes of alkali-labile lesions into human DNA; one class disappears rapidly from the DNA of both normal and XP-A fibroblasts, while the other class undergoes repair at a relatively slow rate in normal cells, but is not removed at all in the excision deficient cells. Methylation of 4NQO at the 3-position appears to abolish the induction of the latter class of alkali-labile lesions, whereas the rapidly removed lesions are still being induced. PMID- 3921272 TI - Prostaglandin H synthase oxidation of benzidine and o-dianisidine: reduction and conjugation of activated amines by thiols. AB - Prostaglandin H synthase oxidized the carcinogens benzidine and o-dianisidine to their respective quinonediimines. Analysis of the reaction media by u.v./visible spectroscopy and liquid chromatography with electrochemical and radiochemical detection revealed that these quinonediimines can be both conjugated and reduced by glutathione, cysteine and N-acetylcysteine. Analysis of the purified conjugate formed between synthetic benzidinediimine and glutathione by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy demonstrated the product to be 3-(glutathion-S-yl) benzidine. This metabolite was also formed during peroxidation of benzidine by prostaglandin H synthase in the presence of excess glutathione. These conjugates may be useful markers of peroxidatic activation of aromatic amines in vivo. PMID- 3921273 TI - Formation of thioether conjugates of the bladder carcinogen ANFT catalyzed by prostaglandin H synthase. AB - Certain 2-aminothiazole-substituted 5-nitrofuran carcinogens specifically and potently induce tumors of the urinary tract. Cooxidation by the hydroperoxidase activity of prostaglandin H synthase (PHS) has been implicated in the initiation of this process in vivo. The molecular mechanism of this process was examined utilizing 2-amino-4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)thiazole (ANFT) as the organic cosubstrate. The ability of ANFT to release electrons was determined by cyclic voltammetry, which established that ANFT is oxidized to yield an extremely reactive intermediate by an apparent one-electron mechanism. In conventional incubations containing solubilized microsomal PHS at pH 7.8, glutathione was found to trap approximately 50% of the ANFT present as a soluble metabolite. Comparative u.v. spectrophotometry, cyclic voltammetry, proton and carbon magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and chemical synthesis established that conjugate formation occurs by S-substitution of the thiazole ring to yield 2-amino-4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-5 (glutathion-S-yl)thiazole. The 5-nitrofuran ring is not altered by this pathway. This suggests that PHS may oxidize the aminothiazole ring of ANFT by direct electron withdrawal to generate a reactive electrophilic intermediate which may react with critical cellular nucleophiles. This conjugate, or a further metabolite thereof, may be a biologic marker of PHS activity and may be useful in assessing the effects of potential chemoprotective agents on hydroperoxidase activity in vivo. PMID- 3921274 TI - A beef-derived mutagenesis modulator inhibits initiation of mouse epidermal tumors by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene. AB - Ground beef contains an organic solvent extractable mutagenesis modulator. Crude or partially-purified preparations of the activity were applied to the backs of SENCAR or CD-1 mice 5 min before application of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA). Controls received solvent (acetone) only prior to DMBA. Following 1-2 week intervals promotion was effected with twice-weekly applications of 12-O tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. Modulator-treated mice consistently developed fewer papillomas and exhibited lower tumor incidences than did positive control mice. PMID- 3921275 TI - Use of an in vivo/in vitro rat liver DNA repair assay to predict the relative rodent hepatocarcinogenic potency of 3 new azo mutagens. AB - The in vivo/in vitro rat liver DNA repair assay described by Mirsalis and Butterworth has been employed to compare the relative genotoxicity to the rat liver of three mutagenic analogues of the potent rat hepatocarcinogen 6 dimethylamino-phenylazobenzthiazole (6BT). The compounds evaluated were 6BT, its monomethyl analogue (6-monomethylamino-phenylazobenzthiazole; MA6BT), an analogue in which the -NMe2 group of 6BT is replaced by a piperidinyl group (6-[4-N piperidinylphenyl]azobenzene; 6PT) and the N-cyanoethyl analogue of MA6BT (6-[p (N-beta-cyanoethyl-N-methylamino)-phenylazo]benzthiazole; CNEt6BT). The order of relative carcinogenic potency predicted by the Salmonella mutation data was CNEt6BT much greater than MA6BT = 6BT much greater than 6PT. In contrast, that inferred from the in vivo liver DNA repair data was MA6BT greater than 6BT much greater than CNEt6BT much greater than 6PT. This divergence of predictions is discussed in terms of the differing solution properties of the four test chemicals. PMID- 3921276 TI - Proto-oncogene expression during two-stage carcinogenesis in mouse skin. AB - The level of expression of the cellular homologues to the oncogenes rasHa, rasKi, fos, myc, abl and raf was determined in chemically induced tumors, in mouse skin and in mouse epidermis after treatment with a tumor promoter. No significant increase in expression was found for any of the above proto-oncogenes. The expression of abl was reduced in both papillomas and carcinomas and after repeated applications of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). Treatment of primary mouse epidermal cells with TPA in vitro failed to induce any marked alterations in proto-oncogene expression. Cell lines derived by treatment of epidermal cells with chemical carcinogens showed expression levels similar to untreated primary epidermal basal cells. These results suggest that increased expression of the proto-oncogenes under study is not required for tumor induction in mouse skin. The lower level of expression of abl in tumors and after repeated applications of TPA may indicate a role for this gene in some aspect of epidermal proliferation or differentiation. PMID- 3921277 TI - Long-term results, hemodynamics, and complications after combined heart and lung transplantation. AB - During the first 31/2 years of the Stanford heart-lung transplant program, 23 transplants have been carried out in 22 patients with severe pulmonary vascular disease. Actuarial survival curves predict 1 and 2 year survival rates of 71% and 57%, respectively, for all patients. As a result of increasing experience, the early mortality of 26% has been reduced, with only one early death occurring in the last eight patients; prior cardiac surgery was a contributing factor in three of the six patients suffering early deaths. Two late deaths occurred in the series 14 and 15 months after operation. One patient died suddenly as a result of an acute myocardial infarct and the other patient died because of respiratory failure. At autopsy, both patients had severe proliferative coronary atherosclerosis with obliterative bronchiolitis affecting the lungs. An additional patient required a retransplant for obliterative bronchiolitis 37 months after the initial procedure, and he too was found to have severe coronary artery disease. Hemodynamics and left ventricular function were normal in patients studied 1 and 2 years after undergoing the transplantation procedure. Thus, the early mortality and morbidity of combined heart and lung transplantation has been significantly reduced, but the long-term complications, particularly graft atherosclerosis and obliterative bronchiolitis, are yet to be fully controlled. PMID- 3921278 TI - Superiority of combined diltiazem and propranolol therapy for angina pectoris. AB - Twenty-four patients with stable angina were evaluated in a 14 week crossover trial. A single-blind placebo period (baseline 1) was followed by two double blind periods evaluating maximum tolerated doses of diltiazem (up to 360 mg daily) vs placebo. Over the next 1 to 4 weeks, propranolol was started and increased until clinically documented beta-blockade was achieved (baseline 2). The final phase consisted of a pair of evaluation periods comparing propranolol plus the maximum tolerated dose of diltiazem to propranolol and placebo. The daily rate of angina attack was 1.6 during baseline, was unchanged during placebo therapy, but fell during treatment with diltiazem to 0.6 (p less than .005). With the addition of diltiazem to propranolol, the angina rate was improved (0.3) compared with that with either propranolol alone (0.6) or propranolol and placebo (0.5) (p less than .01). Total exercise duration during baseline 1 was 360 sec and increased to 497 sec with diltiazem, 481 sec with propranolol, and 527 sec with the combination of diltiazem and propranolol. Two patients with reduced ejection fractions developed congestive heart failure with propranolol. The combination of diltiazem and propranolol similarly resulted in congestive heart failure in one patient who had tolerated both drugs alone. PMID- 3921279 TI - Dose requirements and hemodynamic effects of transdermal nitroglycerin compared with placebo in patients with congestive heart failure. AB - The dose requirements and duration of effect of transdermal nitroglycerin in patients with heart failure are not clearly established. In a first series of eight patients with chronic heart failure we gave transdermal nitroglycerin in incremental doses until pulmonary capillary wedge pressure fell at least 30% within 4 hr in three consecutive patients. Thus we found that a single dose of 60 mg/24 hr (120 cm2) was the minimal effective dose. Transdermal nitroglycerin or placebo was then given as a single application of 60 mg/24 hr in random double blind fashion to 15 additional patients with heart failure (eight received transdermal nitroglycerin and seven received placebo), and hemodynamics were monitored for up to 24 hr. After administration of transdermal nitroglycerin, the control pulmonary capillary wedge pressure of 22 +/- 7 mm Hg fell by 6 +/- 6 mm Hg at 2 hr (p less than .05) and reached maximal reduction of 8 +/- 6 mm Hg (p less than .01) at 4 hr. The reduction in wedge pressure remained significant through 12 hr but was no longer statistically significant by 18 hr after administration of the drug. Transdermal nitroglycerin also significantly reduced pulmonary arterial and right atrial pressures as well as pulmonary vascular resistance from 4 through 12 hr but did not affect systemic hemodynamics. No significant hemodynamic changes occurred after administration of placebo. Thus transdermal nitroglycerin is an effective vasodilator in patients with heart failure, but a dose of at least 60 mg/24 hr is needed. Even with this dose, hemodynamic effects do not last beyond 18 hr, suggesting altered absorption or development of tolerance. PMID- 3921280 TI - Application of fluorescence polarization to the determination of urinary lysozyme activity. AB - A fluorescence polarization (FP) technique was applied to the assay of lysozyme activity in human urine. In this assay system, reaction between enzyme and fluorescein-labelled substrate produced a decrease in the fluorescein polarization (P) value. Enzyme activity and rate of decrease of P value exhibited a hyperbolic proportionality between 0.01 mg/L and 10.0 mg/L of lysozyme concentration. The method was compared with a turbidimetric method and the results were comparable with each other. Urinary lysozyme activity in patients with various renal diseases whose renal function had deteriorated was 1.04 +/- 2.55 mg/L (mean +/- S.D.), whereas that of normal controls was 0.13 +/- 0.14 mg/L. PMID- 3921281 TI - Human erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase I concentrations in dried blood spots from normal and hypothyroid neonates and children. AB - The ELISA technique was used to assay carbonic anhydrase I (HCAI) in hemolysates prepared by the elution of dried blood samples from Guthrie cards. The ratio HCAI (mg)/hemoglobin (g) measured in blood samples eluted from Guthrie cards was not significantly different from that determined in aliquots of the same blood samples after storage as erythrocyte (RBC) lysates at -20 degrees C, provided that the dried blood was eluted within three weeks of collection. The normal neonatal mean (SD) RBC HCAI concentrations were 2.05 (1.01) and 1.82 (0.86) mg HCAI/g hemoglobin for females and males respectively. Erythrocyte HCAI concentrations gradually rose with age, approaching normal adult levels by 16 years. Blood from hypothyroid neonates and hypothyroid infants on treatment gave normal HCAI/hemoglobin ratios. PMID- 3921282 TI - Measurement of plasma fructosamine evaluated for monitoring diabetes. AB - The mean fructosamine concentration in plasma of diabetics (n = 200) differed significantly (p less than 0.001) from those of a hospitalized nondiabetic population (n = 163)--the latter mean being essentially the same for ambulatory subjects (n = 145), expectant mothers (n = 58), and patients with renal failure (n = 31), regardless of sex. In the diabetic group, values for plasma fructosamine correlated with those for glycated hemoglobin (r = 0.767, p less than 0.01) and glycated protein (r = 0.817, p less than 0.01). Values for plasma fructosamine were stable from day to day in patients with controlled blood glucose, but fluctuated in certain patients receiving only parenteral nutrition, even when their concentrations of glucose were normal and stable. We conclude that measurement of plasma fructosamine is suitable for assessing intermediate term control of blood glucose when the turnover of plasma proteins is normal. PMID- 3921283 TI - Immunofluorescence, immunofixation, and immunoelectrophoresis. PMID- 3921284 TI - Hyperexcretion of free N-acetylneuraminic acid--a novel type of sialuria. AB - A 26-yr-old female with increased urinary excretion of free N-acetylneuraminic acid is described. Her early history was normal but she had difficulties at school and developed epilepsy at 14. She is mildly retarded, has slight changes in the spine, but no hepato- or splenomegaly. Cerebrospinal fluid leucocytes and IgG are elevated. Liver and skin biopsies disclosed no morphological abnormality. The daily excretion of free N-acetylneuraminic acid is ca. 0.5 g, intermediate to that found in other known types of sialuria. The clinical and morphological findings are also different suggesting a novel type of sialuria. PMID- 3921285 TI - Placental alkaline phosphatase determination by inhibition with ethylendiaminetetracetic acid. PMID- 3921286 TI - Evidence for the biclonal nature of a Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia. AB - The serum of a patient with Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia was shown to contain two IgM(kappa) paraproteins of different electrophoretic mobilities on cellulose acetate and immunoelectrophoresis and were designated IgM slow (s) and IgM fast (f). Both existed as high molecular weight polymers and contained a J chain. The two pentameric IgM monoclonal proteins were shown to be completely distinct in carbohydrate composition as determined by gas chromatography and periodic acid Schiff staining, in molecular weight, by physicochemical properties, peptide mapping, amino-acid composition, NH2-terminal sequence, subgroup of light chains, and by lack of shared idiotypic determinants as determined by hemagglutination inhibition studies. Our study presents strong evidence for the 'bioclonal' nature of this gammopathy. We conclude that both paraproteins are distinct and originated from different B cells. PMID- 3921287 TI - Variant expression of lactate dehydrogenase complexes, interfering with isoenzyme analysis. AB - Three patients with an elevated serum LD activity and unusual, but quite different LD isoenzyme patterns, were studied. It was shown by immunofixation procedures, that complexes between LD isoenzymes and immunoglobulins of the IgG kappa, IgA-kappa and IgG-lambda class, respectively, caused the observed isoenzyme patterns. From mixing experiments it appeared that the immunoglobulins were specific for either the H-subunit only or an antigenic determinant expressed by a combination of H- and M-subunits in the LD isoenzymes. The observed complexes could be dissociated, in vitro, with NAD+ in two patients, while in the third patient the complex was resistant to NAD+ addition. No common denominator was found with respect to clinical diagnosis. Auto-immune disorders or infection with hepatitis B virus were not involved. PMID- 3921288 TI - Studies on a sphingolipid activator protein (SAP-2) in fibroblasts from patients with lysosomal storage diseases, including Niemann-Pick disease Type C. AB - Sphingolipid activator protein-2 (SAP-2) has been found to stimulate the enzymatic hydrolysis of at least three sphingolipids, glucosylceramide, galactosylceramide and sphingomyelin. Using monospecific antibodies against SAP-2 the level of SAP-2 was determined in cultured skin fibroblasts by rocket immunoelectrophoresis. Extracts from 14 controls had 1.03 +/- 0.28 micrograms cross-reactive material/mg solubilized protein and extracts from 46 patients with Niemann-Pick disease Type C had 1.12 +/- 0.26. Extracts from other lysosomal storage diseases, including Gaucher disease, Krabbe disease and Niemann-Pick disease Types A, B and D, had normal or slightly elevated SAP-2 concentrations, while extracts from patients with I-Cell disease had half normal SAP-2 concentration. When the fibroblast extracts were subjected to sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by electroblotting and immunochemical staining two major SAP-2 bands with estimated molecular weights of 9000 and 10000 were found. Extracts from patients with I-Cell disease showed only a faint higher molecular weight band. Isoelectric focusing followed by electroblotting and immunochemical staining demonstrated no significant difference in the charge of SAP-2 obtained from different cell lines. In this study we could not demonstrate any change in concentration, size or charge of SAP 2 in fibroblast extracts from Niemann-Pick disease Type C, and we provided evidence that SAP-2 might be subject to post-translational processing similar to that of lysosomal enzymes. PMID- 3921289 TI - The effect of different isolation procedures on high density lipoprotein subfractions obtained by isoelectric focusing. PMID- 3921290 TI - The use of monoclonal subclass-specific antibodies in the investigation of IgG paraproteins in human serum. PMID- 3921292 TI - Apolipoprotein and lipid abnormalities in uremic children on hemodialysis. AB - Plasma lipids and six plasma apolipoproteins were studied in uremic children on hemodialysis. Significant increases in plasma triglyceride, apolipoproteins (Apo) C-II and C-III and decreases in total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, Apo A-I, Apo A-II and Apo B were found in uremic children. The levels of Apo C-I did not differ between uremic children and normal controls. The ratio of (Apo A-I + Apo A II)/HDL-cholesterol was significantly increased. These results indicate that uremic children on hemodialysis have similar lipid and apolipoprotein abnormalities to those found in adults who may have a risk of cardiovascular disease. PMID- 3921291 TI - Development of a radial immunodiffusion technique employing monoclonal antibodies for apolipoprotein B determination in human plasma. AB - Twenty monoclonal antibodies obtained from two different fusions of SP2/0-Ag 14 cell line (non-secretor hybridoma) with human plasma low density lipoproteins have been selected. We found that a mixture formed by the 20 monoclonal antibodies was able to form a single precipitin line with human plasma low density lipoproteins by a double gel diffusion technique. Further studies revealed that only two monoclonal antibodies were needed to precipitate low density lipoproteins in gel. However, a minimum of four particular monoclonal antibodies was required to obtain an optimal precipitin ring and a linear standard curve within 24 h using a radial immunodiffusion technique. We have then compared the radial immunodiffusion performed with a monoclonal antibody mixture to those employing conventional goat and rabbit antibodies in terms of plasma apolipoprotein B determinations. The apolipoprotein B values determined by monoclonal antibodies significantly correlate with the values obtained by the technique using goat (r = 0.95; p less than 0.001) and rabbit (r = 0.95; p less than 0.001) antibodies. Our data indicate that a mixture of monoclonal antibodies can mimic conventional antibodies in terms of immunoprecipitation and apolipoprotein B determination. PMID- 3921293 TI - Quantitative determination of human plasma apolipoprotein A-I by a noncompetitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. AB - A noncompetitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for human plasma apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) was developed. Microtiter plates were coated with purified antibodies to ApoA-I and blocked. Plasma samples from normolipidemic and hypertriglyceridemic subjects were added and ApoA-I was allowed to bind to coating antibodies. After washing, the amount of ApoA-I bound to microtiter plates was estimated with horseradish peroxidase-labeled antibodies to ApoA-I. A single step delipidization procedure was included to expose masked antigenic sites of ApoA-I in plasma. The average concentration of ApoA-I in plasma of normolipidemic subjects was 1.37 g/l. Recovery of ApoA-I added to plasma varied from 93-107%. Intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variations were 4 and 8%, respectively. The assay was also used for quantifying ApoA-I in lipoprotein density classes. There was a good correlation between this assay and electroimmunoassay (r = 0.84-0.92). The described sandwich ELISA is a specific, precise, sensitive and relatively simple method for measuring ApoA-I levels in human plasma. PMID- 3921294 TI - Pituitary function following megavoltage therapy for Cushing's disease: long term follow up. AB - Eight patients who had received megavoltage therapy for Cushing's disease 5-12 years previously have been reviewed. The long term response to this therapy was assessed with respect to efficacy of treatment in inducing continued remission and disturbance of hypothalamic-pituitary function. One patient showed clear evidence of relapse of Cushing's disease. One patient had unequivocal hypopituitarism. Basal levels of growth hormone (GH), TSH, LH, and FSH were not statistically different from controls, but provocative testing revealed significant abnormalities of response of cortisol/ACTH, GH, prolactin and LH. Six out of eight patients had absent diurnal cortisol variation and five patients had elevated serum prolactin levels. Thus, in this group of patients normal pituitary adrenal function has not been satisfactorily restored. It is clear that significant disturbances of hypothalamic-pituitary function follow mega-voltage therapy and these may progress to overt hypopituitarism. PMID- 3921295 TI - The screening of patients with suspected thyrotoxicosis using a sensitive TSH radioimmunoassay. AB - A radioimmunoassay was optimized to measure serum TSH with maximum sensitivity (sTSH). With this assay sTSH was less than 0.5 mIU/l in 100% of 64 patients with proven thyrotoxicosis and greater than 0.5 mIU/l in 92% of 76 normal subjects. sTSH correctly predicted the TSH response to TRH (delta TSH) in 93% of 125 patients with suspected thyrotoxicosis. In this group thyrotoxicosis was excluded by an sTSH greater than 0.5 mIU/l in 52% of patients thus avoiding the need for further testing. PMID- 3921296 TI - Intranasal thyrotrophin releasing hormone is a potent stimulus for TSH release in man (comparison with intravenous and oral TRH). AB - Intranasally administered TRH was tested and compared to i.v. and oral TRH in respect to its efficacy of TSH stimulation and thereby the stimulation of thyroid reserve. TSH release after nasal application is as prompt as after the i.v. route, reaching a peak at 20 to 30 min. After that, however, compared to the i.v. administration its stimulatory effect is prolonged, lasting over 3 h. At the dose used in this study the peak TSH response after intranasal TRH administration was 14.7 +/- 1.6 mU/l compared to 8.4 +/- 1.4 and 23.1 +/- 4.4 mU/l after i.v. and oral administration respectively (P less than 0.005). Intranasal application of TRH is as potent as i.v. or oral TRH for the stimulation of thyroid reserve. At 3 h a marked increase of T3 and a smaller elevation of FT4 is observed (delta T3 = 48.4%, delta FT4 = 31.6%). The nasal peptide was well tolerated locally and systemic side effects were comparable to those of i.v. TRH. This form of application offers a practical advantage by avoiding intravenous injections. Its diagnostic potential in investigation of thyroid disease and its possible therapeutic application have yet to be elucidated. PMID- 3921297 TI - 4-Methylumbelliferyl alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase activity for diagnosis of Sanfilippo B disease. AB - Conditions for assay of alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase activity in human cultured fibroblasts, cultured amniotic fluid cells, leucocytes, serum, plasma and chorionic villi were studied using the fluorogenic substrate 4-methylumbelliferyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside. The substrate was found to have advantage both in terms of sensitivity and ease of use over previously-used colorimetric substrates for assay of the enzyme in these tissues, and for diagnosis of Sanfilippo B disease and identification of carriers. It should have particular application in first trimester prenatal diagnosis using chorionic villus biopsies. PMID- 3921298 TI - Interleukin-2 in rheumatoid arthritis: production of and response to interleukin 2 in rheumatoid synovial fluid, synovial tissue and peripheral blood. AB - Several aspects of interleukin-2 (IL-2) generation and function were studied employing mononuclear cells from synovial fluid (SF), synovial tissue (ST) and peripheral blood (PB) of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Decreased PHA stimulated IL-2 production by lymphocytes from rheumatoid ST, SF (P less than 0.02), and PB (P less than 0.01) was observed when compared to normal blood and SF of patients with gout. The proliferative response of rheumatoid lymphocyte blasts exposed to exogenous IL-2 was also defective (P less than 0.05-0.001). This defect was greater in SF than in rheumatoid PB (P less than 0.05-0.001). In addition to the proliferative response, the effect of IL-2 on interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production was also examined. Rheumatoid lymphocytes from both PB and SF produced less IFN-gamma after overnight treatment with IL-2 than did normal PB lymphocytes. This decreased IFN-gamma induction was discordant with the excellent enhancement by IL-2 of natural killer activity. Removal of adherent cells in synovial fluid did not correct this deficit. Abnormalities in the biology of IL-2 and IFN-gamma suggest that impaired T cell function could contribute to the immunopathogenesis of RA. PMID- 3921299 TI - Lymphocytes of haemophilia patients treated with clotting factor concentrates display activation-linked cell-surface antigens. AB - Peripheral blood lymphocytes from 30 patients with haemophilia A were investigated for the expression of six activation-linked cell surface antigens as well as with regard to the relative proportions and total numbers of Leu-3a and Leu-2a positive cells. Twenty-nine of the haemophilia patients showed no clinical symptoms of immunodeficiency or infection whereas one patient presented the typical symptomatology of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The proportions and total numbers of circulating lymphocytes displaying Ia antigens, the p45 protein and/or the two recently defined surface antigens VIP-4 and VIP-5 were significantly increased in haemophilia patients when compared to healthy individuals of the same age group. No such increases could be observed for transferrin receptor and IL-2 receptor expression. After the observation of depressed helper/suppressor T-cell ratios in many haemophiliacs, the expression of activation linked surface antigens represents a further lymphocyte abnormality which resembles the findings in AIDS and its prodromal stages and can also be found in certain viral and parasitic diseases. PMID- 3921300 TI - Differences in modifications of cytoplasmic free Ca2+ concentration and 86Rb+ influx in human neoplastic B cells by antibodies to mu- relative to delta-Ig heavy chains. AB - Cytoplasmic free Ca2+ concentration and influx of 86Rb+ (K+ analogue) were determined during the first minutes after stimulation of neoplastic human B cells and B cell lines by antibodies to surface Ig. The Ca2+ concentration increased in the great majority of samples (41 of 48). All of four B cell lines also responded, providing formal evidence that accessory cells are not required for this early, surface Ig-mediated event. Antibodies to delta as well as mu, heavy chains (anti-delta and anti-mu) could induce both Ca2+ and 86Rb+ responses. 86Rb+ responders were found within the group of Ca2+ responders, but no quantitative relation was observed between the two responses. In cells expressing both sIgM and sIgD, antibodies to delta heavy chains were more potent than those to mu heavy chains in inducing Ca2+ responses, whereas the opposite pattern was seen with regard to 86Rb+ responses. These results demonstrate that sIgM and sIgD can deliver different biochemical signals to the cell. PMID- 3921301 TI - Antigens of Aspergillus fumigatus. III. Comparative immunochemical analyses of clinically relevant aspergilli and related fungal taxa. AB - Cell sap (CS) of the pathogenic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus strain Ag-507 was fractionated by Sephadex G-200 column chromatography. A protein fraction designated CS3 was partially characterized by two dimensional electrophoresis (2 DE) and analytical ultracentrifugation. CS3 consisted mainly of low molecular weight components (14 K-43 K) of the whole CS, and produced one peak in analytical ultracentrifugation with an Sapp of 4.25. CS3 was demonstrated to be different from a previously characterized CS fraction designated as CS2, by 2-DE, and by CS2 and CS3 specific antisera. CS3 gave precipitin reactions with three aspergilloma patient sera and 100% of sera from allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) patients. Significantly, three ABPA patient sera reacted with CS3 and not CS2. The CS of A. fumigatus strains Ag-515 and Ag-534, were also examined for the presence of CS3 components as were CS preparations of five additional Aspergillus species; A. flavus, A. fischeri, A. terreus, Neosartorya (Aspergillus) fennelliae, and A. niger, and three fungal taxa; Penicillium notatum, Candida albicans, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 2-DE, immunoelectrophoresis and double diffusion (DD) analyses of the CS preparations provided complementary information. The immunochemical similarity of CS2 and CS3 components of different aspergilli appears to reflect the taxonomic relatedness of the aspergilli. Additionally, aspergilli exhibiting CS2 and CS3 components most similar to A. fumigatus strain Ag-507 are more frequently isolated from aspergillosis patients. There may be an association of these components with incidence of involvement of the organisms in aspergillosis. DD analysis of the cross-reactivity of CS of all taxa with ABPA and aspergilloma patient sera supported the 2-DE and absorption data. PMID- 3921302 TI - Immunoglobulin G, A, and M--clonal restriction in multiple sclerosis cerebrospinal fluid and serum--analysis by two-dimensional electrophoresis. AB - Immunoglobulin G, A, and M (IgG, IgA, and IgM) were purified from multiple sclerosis (MS) cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and sera and analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis. The light (L)-chains of MS CSF IgG were of limited diversity and dominated by about 30 major spots and many less intense spots. CSF IgG of patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) was dominated by 10 to 20 intense L-chain spots. L-chains from patients with fungal, syphilitic, and tuberculous infections of the central nervous system (CNS) ranged from 70 to in excess of 300 spots. The patterns of L-chains in MS CSF and autologous sera were different, indicating amplified synthesis of particular L-chains in MS CNS. Cathodic IgG fractions differing in isoelectric point by 0.1 to 0.3 pH units were isolated. SSPE CSF IgG fractions were dominated by a few L-chain spots, MS CSF fractions contained less than 20 spots, and MS serum fractions contained about 200 spots. MS CSF mu-chains were similar in isoelectric point range to serum but fractionated into discrete spots compared with a diffuse pattern in serum. MS CSF IgA alpha-chain spot overlapped in mobility with serum alpha-chains except a portion of the alpha-chain complex in CSF was shifted cathodically forming discrete spots. The CSF L-chains of both IgM and IgA were completely dissimilar to serum. These studies indicate major limited diversity and compartmentalized CNS synthesis of IgG, IgA, and IgM in MS. The restricted clonal pattern is proposed as consequent to B-cell stimulation by disease-related antigen(s) with limited epitope complexity. The dominance of a small number of L-chains supports results from idiotypic analysis suggesting finite clonal complexity of MS CSF IgG and indicates the feasibility of structural analysis of MS CSF L-chains, particularly amino acid sequence determinations. PMID- 3921303 TI - The carbon dioxide laser in the treatment of vulvar disease. AB - Our review of the current use of the carbon dioxide laser in treating vulvar disease reveals that it holds significant promise in the treatment of vulvar intraepithelial carcinoma, condylomata acuminata, and focal vestibular adenitis. The long-range results of such treatment, however, are not yet known. Until sufficient data are accumulated to demonstrate the efficacy of the laser in treating the vulvar dystrophies and herpes genitalis, it should be used with caution, and the results should be carefully evaluated and reported. PMID- 3921304 TI - Hereditary coagulopathies in pregnancy. PMID- 3921305 TI - Total parenteral nutrition in the management of traumatic chylous ascites in infancy. AB - Chylous ascites is rare in the pediatric age group and usually of unknown etiology or due to congenital abnormalities of the lymphatic system. This report describes an infant with posttraumatic chylous ascites, unable to tolerate dietary therapy, in whom total parenteral nutrition allowed successful management. The experience gained in this case clarifies the management of chylous ascites from all causes. Specific recommendations for a treatment protocol are made. PMID- 3921306 TI - The effect of piroxicam and auranofin on cell migration. AB - Previous work at our laboratory has shown that Piroxicam is a potent inhibitor of neutrophil cell migration "in vitro". We have now extended these observations by comparing the effect of Piroxicam "in vivo" on neutrophil and monocyte chemotactic activity as well as comparing the findings with those obtained with Auranofin, a novel oral gold salt preparation. The data presented support the notion that Piroxicam appears to be an inhibitor of neutrophil cell function while Auranofin predominantly affects monocyte cell migration. PMID- 3921307 TI - Screening for syphilis in pregnancy: an assessment of the costs and benefits. PMID- 3921308 TI - Development of a computerized infectious disease monitor (CIDM). AB - At the LDS Hospital in Salt Lake City, an interface was developed between the microbiology laboratory computer system and the HELP integrated central hospital computer system. The HELP system includes medical information from most clinical care support areas. The microbiology data are translated from the laboratory computer file structure to a hierarchical data structure on the HELP system. A knowledge base was created with the help of infectious disease experts, and became part of a Computerized Infectious Disease Monitoring system (CIDM). The knowledge base is automatically activated when specific microbiology data are entered into a patient's computer file (data driven), thus decisions are made automatically with no additional effort required of medical personnel. The CIDM was designed to inform infectious disease personnel when a patient has one of the following conditions: a hospital-acquired infection, an infection at a normally sterile body site, an infection due to a bacteria with an unusual antibiotic sensitivity pattern, an infection for which the patient is not receiving an antibiotic to which the offending bacteria is sensitive, an infection that could be treated with a less expensive antibiotic, an infection which is required by law to be reported to state and national health authorities, and those patients receiving prophylactic antibiotics longer than is medically indicated. All of the microbiology data are now extensively reviewed by nurses and physicians from terminals at nursing stations or intensive care units. The CIDM is currently being used for hospital-acquired infection surveillance at LDS Hospital. PMID- 3921309 TI - Phase I comparative clinical trial with subdermal implants--bioabsorbable levonorgestrel or norethisterone pellet fused with cholesterol. AB - The potential for antifertility effect of two bioabsorable pellets, one containing norethisterone (NET) and the other containing levonorgestrel (LNG) fused with cholesterol, was studied in a group of healthy, menstruating but sterilised women. The pellets weighed approximately 30 mg and contain 85% steroid and 15% cholesterol. A single NET pellet was inserted in 4 subjects, out of which 2 were also studied for steroid pattern in blood. After reaching peak levels within 48 hours, the plasma NET levels declined gradually within a fortnight's time, and thereafter, ranged between 200 to 700 mg/ml up to 90 days post insertion. After this period, occassional spurts of NET release were seen. Bleeding pattern was studied in 37 cycles; mid-luteal progesterone (P) estimation was done in 16 cycles, mid-cycle cervical mucus was studied in 27 cycles and post coital test (PCT) in 7 cycles. Cycle length with pellet insertion was of 25 to 37 days duration except one cycle of 55 days duration. All cycles studied during the treatment were ovulatory (P greater than 5 ng/ml) and no consistent effect was observed on cervical mucus as well as on PCT. Thus, a single NET pellet does not seem to have a reliable contraceptive potential. A single LNG pellet was inserted in 8 subjects, and steroid patterns were studied in 6 women. Peak levels of LNG were reached within 24 hours of pellet insertion and the levels fell gradually in a week's time. Thereafter, LNG levels ranged between 100-400 pg/ml up to 8 months. In contrast to the observation with NET pellets, only one subject showed frequent spurts of LNG release until the 4th month of treatment. Bleeding pattern was studied in 90 cycles, P was estimated in 52 cycles, mid-cycle cervical mucus studied in 55 cycles and PCT done in 26 cycles. Breakthrough bleeding (BTB) occurred on 15 occasions, 11 episodes being in 2 subjects. Cycle length varied between 21 to 42 days. The LNG pellet did not exert a consistent effect either on ovulation inhibition or cervical mucus or PCT. In their present form, therefore, a single LNG pellet also does not appear to have a reliable contraceptive effect. PMID- 3921310 TI - Absorption of an oral contraceptive gestagen in ulcerative colitis before and after proctocolectomy and construction of a continent ileostomy. AB - Plasma 1-norgestrel (1-Ng) levels after administration of a common oral contraceptive in fertile women (mean age 29 +/- 5 yrs) with mild ulcerative colitis before or after proctocolectomy with a conventional ileostomy or a continent ileostomy reservoir were determined and compared to those of a group of healthy volunteers serving as controls. Before operation, peak and 10-hour levels of 1-Ng were not statistically different from control. Levels in patients with either type of ileostomy were slightly lower than controls, but were only statistically significantly lower in patients with continent ileostomy (p less than 0.05). In a subgroup of patients studied both before and after proctocolectomy with construction of a continent ileostomy, there was a slight reduction in peak and 10-hour levels compared to control. After administration of the pill directly into the reservoir, significant levels of 1-Ng in plasma were found with peak and 10-hour levels approximately one-half of those achieved after oral administration. Although the material is small, it suggests that patients with mild ulcerative colitis and with small ileal resections (8.8 +/- 8 cm) can use combined contraceptive pills containing 1-norgestrel with confidence. Caution should be exercised, however, in prescribing "mini-pills" to patients after proctocolectomy and ileal resection. PMID- 3921311 TI - Changes in blood constituents accompanying exercise in polo horses. AB - There have been several studies of biochemical changes in horses doing intense exercise such as Thoroughbred and Standardbred racehorses and in horses performing exercise over a long period of time such as endurance horses and three day eventing horses, but we are not aware of studies with polo horses. Blood samples were taken from 18 polo horses at rest, immediately after playing 2 chukkers of indoor polo, and after a 15 minute rest period. Each horse was studied at 2 different games. The blood samples were analyzed for lactic acid, protein, sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, phosphorus, HCO-3, PCO2, hemoglobin, packed cell volume, and pH. Samples taken immediately after playing polo had significant increases in lactic acid, protein, sodium, hemoglobin, packed cell volume, and pH, and significant decreases in chloride, calcium, PCO2, and HCO-3. Pulse and respiration were significantly increased. After a 15 minute rest period, there was a significant decrease in potassium. The HCO-3 was lower immediately after playing, but was above the resting value after 15 minutes. It was concluded that the changes after exercise are similar in some aspects to those reported for horses performing intense exercise such as racehorses, and in some aspects to those reported for horses performing prolonged exercise such as three-day event horses and endurance horses. Horses playing indoor polo develop a high plasma lactic acid, but with alkalemia, and could be used as a model to study this condition. PMID- 3921312 TI - Continuous bedside CO2 monitoring in the diagnosis of acute airway obstruction. PMID- 3921313 TI - The computed tomographic findings in benign diseases of the vertebral column. AB - Computed tomography (CT) has revolutionized the diagnosis of diseases affecting the vertebral column. CT effectively demonstrates the bony vertebral column with its intervertebral articulations, its soft tissue contents, and the surrounding paravertebral soft tissues. The vertebral column may be the site of involvement of a wide variety of benign diseases. These diseases may be congenital or acquired and may arise from within the spinal canal, from the vertebrae themselves, or from the paravertebral soft tissues. These lesions may be unsuspected clinically and may be detected incidentally in patients undergoing CT of the spine for nonspecific complaints. The axial projection is extremely useful in displaying spinal anatomy and pathology and, combined with sagittal and coronal reformation, provides diagnostic information not possible from any other radiological modality. More invasive radiological procedures, such as myelography, may in many cases be obviated, especially if shorter segments of the vertebral column are to be surveyed. The CT findings in many cases are sufficiently characteristic to enable a specific diagnosis to be made. PMID- 3921314 TI - Pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of glucose homeostasis in the neonate. AB - The neonate appears to be in a transitional stage of glucose homeostasis. Maturation of neonatal glucose homeostasis requires coordination of opposing hormonal, neural, and enzymatic controls. The vulnerability of the neonate to carbohydrate disequilibrium has been described by tracing the maturation of carbohydrate homeostasis physiologically. The many examples of neonatal hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia have been enumerated. Much information in recent years has increased our understanding of the mechanism of these conditions in the newborn. Continued research of the biochemical and physiologic bases for alterations of carbohydrate metabolism should further enhance our ability to diagnose and treat the neonate effectively. PMID- 3921315 TI - Clinical value of paired sputum and transtracheal aspirates in the initial management of pneumonia. AB - One hundred young adults with acute pneumonia were prospectively studied to determine the impact of the transtracheal aspiration (TTA) Gram stain on immediate management. Sputum and TTA interpretations by staff and housestaff were compared. After a management plan was elected based on sputum Gram stain interpretation, the TTA was evaluated and the final plan chosen. A change in treatment after the TTA was available occurred in eight cases, and this was an appropriate change in only five. The putative pathogen as identified by TTA culture was correctly predicted after sputum Gram stain interpretation in 36 to 62 percent of cases and after TTA interpretation in 37 to 62 percent. This indicates significant observer variation but not superiority of one type of specimen over the other. In most cases, paired sputum and TTA Gram stain were both read correctly or incorrectly. When differences occurred, sputum interpretations were as likely to be correct as were TTA interpretations. The TTA Gram stain offered no advantage over sputum Gram stain in the initial management of acute pneumonia in this young adult military population. PMID- 3921316 TI - Low-concentration oxygen therapy via a demand oxygen delivery system. AB - Recent heightened concern about the costs of medical care has stimulated research and development in devices and schemes for saving costs while retaining quality of care. Consistent with that concern is the fact that standard steady-flow oxygen delivery is so wasteful. Almost its entire benefit occurs at the very beginning of inspiration. We compared the efficacy of nasal oxygen delivery via a new demand oxygen delivery system (DODS) with the standard steady-flow (SF) method. The DODS incorporates a valve and sensor interposed between the oxygen reservoir and the patient, which meters oxygen to the patient only during early inspiration. Twelve COPD subjects with hypoxemia at rest received oxygen at flow settings of 1 to 4 L/min via SF and at various breath interval settings via the DODS method, calculated to match the above spectrum of the SF. We measured oxygen delivery using an ear oximeter. The results indicate that significantly less oxygen was required to provide equivalent saturations using the DODS compared with the SF method (p less than .001). The mean comparative savings in oxygen is better than seven to one favoring the DODS over the SF method. Further study is warranted, since the widespread use of such a device could result in substantial cost saving while increasing the range of portable oxygen delivery. PMID- 3921317 TI - Latamoxef in combination with aminoglycosides against Pseudomonas aeruginosa: similarity with ticarcillin. AB - The in vitro effect of latamoxef against 50 clinical strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was compared to that of ticarcillin, both alone and in combination with the aminoglycosides gentamicin, tobramycin and amikacin. Alone, the MIC90 of latamoxef was consistently one-half the MIC90 of ticarcillin. The two antibiotics appeared similar in regard to inoculum effect and bacterial killing. Adding of one-quarter the minimum inhibitory concentration of the aminoglycoside antibiotic to the beta lactam caused reduction in MIC90 of the latter (either ticarcillin or latamoxef) by one-half and decreased the MIC50 by almost one-quarter the concentration required by the beta lactams singly. Therefore, latamoxef singly or in combination with aminoglycosides behaved similarly but was more active than ticarcillin. Using combinations of antibiotics likely to be achieved in the serum of patients, a beneficial in vitro effect (either additive, partially synergistic or synergistic) generally occurred for the beta lactam-aminoglycoside combination if the strain was relatively sensitive to the aminoglycoside used in this combination. It occurred much less frequently for the highly aminoglycoside resistant isolates. PMID- 3921318 TI - [Prognostically unfavorable factors in esophagus cancer. III. Operative therapy of esophagus cancer--effect of preoperative measures on prognosis in curative resection]. AB - Between 1969 and 1982, 121 patients were treated for esophageal carcinoma at the Department of Surgery, Landeskrankenhaus Klagenfurt. 38 patients (31.4%) had palliative surgery, 23 patients underwent a curative resection. Hospital mortality after resection was 39%, overall adjusted survival rate at 7 years was 11.2%. An analysis of data shows that a higher resection rate (p = 0.0045) will not improve long-term results. A preoperative parenteral nutrition seems to decrease postoperative mortality (p = 0.069). Preoperative radiotherapy does not improve long-term results (p = 0.788). PMID- 3921319 TI - Issues in the design of future preventive medicine studies. AB - This paper discusses some of the design issues that are most important as cost effectiveness analysis of preventive care advances from a novel application of economic reasoning to become an accepted aid in decision-making. In this new role, cost-effectiveness studies must be more consistent in approach and more standardized in assumptions than they have been in the past, so that valid comparisons can be made on the basis of studies done by different authors, or by the same authors at different times. The paper discusses the issues of the perspective of the study; the choice of discount rate; medical care costs in added years of life; measurement of the costs of institutionalization; measures of health effects that reflect changes in the quality as well as the quantity of life; and the proper place of estimates of earnings. Proposals are made in each of these areas to help standardize future studies. PMID- 3921320 TI - The value of prevention: economic aspects. AB - The role of economic analysis is not only to estimate the economic consequences of preventive programmes, their costs and benefits, but also to contribute to an understanding of individual and collective choice in allocating resources to prevention. A basic economic concept of relevance for prevention is investment. For investments, costs will always precede benefits in time. This means that the choice of discount rate is of great importance for the value of prevention. The identification and evaluation of costs for preventive programmes has its special problems. The 'opportunity cost' of time is important, both for a correct estimation of the social costs of preventive programmes and for an understanding of individual behaviour in relation to prevention. 'Willingness to pay' is the basic concept in the economic evaluation of benefits from prevention. The use of this concept in health care has been criticized, but it is preferable to indirect methods of benefit evaluation. However, for many preventive programmes, it is sufficient to study cost-effectiveness. The distributional consequences of different measures of effectiveness have to be recognized, as well as the role of prevention in reducing inequalities in health in general. PMID- 3921321 TI - Benefits, risks and costs of immunization programmes. AB - Prevention of disease by vaccination has been one of the major triumphs of medicine. Studies have been done on many vaccines to determine their benefits, risks, and costs. These studies have demonstrated that the benefits outweigh the risks and costs for many vaccines including polio, pertussis, measles, mumps and rubella. Thus, the use of these vaccines provides a net saving to society. Other vaccines such as those influenza and pneumococcal disease are cost-effective relative to other health expenditures. The value of benefit-risk, benefit-cost, and cost-effectiveness analyses lies not in providing the definitive basis for a decision on vaccine use or evaluation. Rather, these analytic techniques provide a structured framework which permits decision-makers to consider all relevant components of the decision in perspective to their relative contributions and subsequent effects. It forces key assumptions to be made explicit and identifies areas in which data are inadequate. The results of such analyses can assist in justifying a vaccination programme (poliomyelitis), in disseminating a programme more widely (measles), in changing health policy (smallpox), and in planning for how a vaccine might be used (hepatitis B). Cost analyses of vaccination may suggest the value of a vaccination programme, but the programme may not be widely adopted (influenza and pneumococcal vaccines). The reasons for this gap between study conclusions and application may be: disagreement with the estimates and assumptions used in the analysis; skepticism over the methodology itself; or subjective views of the vaccine or disease which remains resistant to analytical exercises. PMID- 3921322 TI - The value of preventive medicine. Screening in adults. AB - Controversy over cervical cytology prompted the setting of guidelines for the provision of a screening service. These are discussed in terms of the relationship between blood pressure and cerebrovascular disease and the relationship between the blood cholesterol level and ischaemic heart disease. In the first case, concern mainly centres on the level of blood pressure at which treatment should be started and the effectiveness of treatment. In the second case, a currently active controversy is whether intervention by dietary methods should be directed towards the whole community or only towards those at particularly high risk. The economic issues are illustrated by reference to a detailed theoretical study of the cost-effectiveness of four options for the prevention of ischaemic heart disease, based on action starting in childhood. PMID- 3921323 TI - Screening for cancer in adults. AB - With careful selection of procedures, frequencies and risk groups, the periodic screening of adults for cancer can be a highly cost-effective medical activity. This paper summarizes the evidence of effectiveness of screening, the expected reduction in mortality, the risks and costs of screening, and the cost effectiveness of screening strategies for cancer of the breast, colon, lung, cervix, endometrium and oral cavity. Some of the most pressing questions to be discussed concern the value of mammography, the frequency of the Pap smear, sigmoidoscopy, the value of chest X-rays and sputum cytology in the detection of lung cancer, and the current status of screening for cancers of the endometrium and oral cavity. PMID- 3921324 TI - [Comparison of dextrose-TPN and dextrose-lipid-TPN in surgical patients]. PMID- 3921326 TI - [Metabolic complications during total parenteral]. PMID- 3921325 TI - [Observations on the use of amino-acid mixtures in severe burn patients]. PMID- 3921327 TI - [Clinical experience in the use of a built-in filter for long-term total parenteral nutrition support in critical surgical illnesses]. PMID- 3921328 TI - Effect of a simethicone-containing tablet on colonic gas elimination in breath. AB - The effect of a tablet containing the antiflatulent, simethicone, on intestinal hydrogen (H2) elimination in breath was studied. In three trials, normal subjects (age 12-52 years) received, on subsequent days, lactulose or lactulose with two tablets of either simethicone or placebo in randomized order. Breath samples were collected over 210 min and analyzed by gas chromatography for H2. The time course of H2 expiration above baseline levels was calculated and compared for the three tests. No significant differences in transit time were found. Cumulative H2 expiration was significantly lower after simethicone compared to placebo. H2 production from stool incubated with simethicone or placebo indicated that the drug had no effect in reducing the fermentative production of H2 in vitro. Interestingly, the vehicle present in the tablets could be fermented by intestinal bacteria. Simethicone reduced the amount of H2 eliminated in breath, but this effect was offset partially by H2 production from the fermentation of unabsorbable substances used in the formulation of the tablets. PMID- 3921329 TI - Enzymatic digestion of esophageal meat impaction. A study of Adolph's Meat Tenderizer. AB - While a solution of Adolph's Meat Tenderizer (AMT) is commonly used to treat esophageal meat impaction, few studies describe its clinical effects. We examined AMT with regard to (1) its papain activity; (2) its ability to digest meat cubes in vitro; and (3) its effect on rabbit esophageal mucosa. A standard papain assay was developed against which the activity of AMT was compared. Proteolytic activity was detected in AMT only when the papain activators, 0.02 M cysteine and 0.008 M EDTA, were added to the system. Meat cubes incubated in AMT solution exhibited no evidence of digestion as determined by protein release or change in sample weight. A solution of AMT had no adverse effect on normal esophageal mucosa in rabbits, but significantly increased esophagitis when infused onto previously inflamed mucosa. We conclude that AMT solution has no inherent capacity to digest or to reduce the size of an impacted meat bolus, and may, in fact, worsen existing esophagitis. PMID- 3921330 TI - DRGs: expanding nursing responsibilities in the CCU. PMID- 3921331 TI - Implementing DRGs in critical care nursing. PMID- 3921332 TI - DRGs: potential effects on critical care nursing. PMID- 3921333 TI - Dealing with DRGs. PMID- 3921334 TI - [A system of specific proteases degrading prolactin in the membranes of nuclei, mitochondria and lysosomes of mammary gland tissue]. PMID- 3921335 TI - Pharmacokinetic profile of antipyrine in young rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) with protein energy malnutrition. AB - An experimental model of protein energy malnutrition was produced in five young rhesus monkeys and the pharmacokinetics of antipyrine were studied at three points, initially, during protein energy malnutrition and following nutritional rehabilitation. In a separate group of animals, the estimation of hepatic enzyme aminopyrine N-demethylase was performed. There was a significant decrease in the elimination kinetics, the half life was increased, and the clearance rate was decreased in the malnourished animals, which correlated with a corresponding decrease in aminopyrine N-demethylase activity. PMID- 3921336 TI - [Endoscopic division of an obstructive intraluminal duodenal diverticulum]. AB - Intraluminal duodenal diverticula are rare malformations which usually are noted first in adulthood. High intestinal obstruction predominates the clinical picture. Surgical resection of the diverticulum is the treatment of choice. In a 52-year-old woman it was possible to split the intraluminal obstruction along its whole length by endoscopic means. This method would seem to present a possible alternative to surgical intervention. PMID- 3921337 TI - [Extracorporeal CO2 elimination with low frequency ventilation for the treatment of severe acute pulmonary failure]. PMID- 3921338 TI - Effects of felodipine on resistance and capacitance vessels in patients with essential hypertension. AB - The acute cardiovascular effects of oral felodipine (0.05 mg/kg and 0.1 mg/kg) were studied using radionuclide methods in 14 hypertensive patients. Eight were previously untreated and 6 had been treated with atenolol 100mg daily for a least 1 month. The maximal effects were observed 60 minutes after the first oral dose and no greater effect was observed with the higher dose. Felodipine caused a reduction in systemic vascular resistance, with a fall in blood pressure and an increase in cardiac output and left ventricular ejection fraction. Those responses were presumably mediated by the reduction in afterload, as they were not modified by pretreatment with atenolol. There were no changes in venous capacitance and the overall pattern of response was similar to that noted with hydralazine. Thus, in hypertensive subjects felodipine acts as a potent arteriolar vasodilator. The results suggest the drug may be an effective means of controlling hypertension, particularly when given in combination with other antihypertensive therapy. PMID- 3921339 TI - A critical analysis of 75 therapeutic abortions. AB - An analysis is presented of the first 75 therapeutic abortions based on the results of laboratory investigations on midtrimester amniotic samples from 2816 pregnancies. The reasons for the abortions were: chromosome aberration (n = 36), male fetus at risk for X-linked disorder (n = 23), neural tube defect (n = 14), and metabolic disorders (n = 2). An estimation was made of the life expectancy of these 75 fetuses if no termination of pregnancy had taken place. We estimate that a maximum of about 40% of the aborted fetuses would have resulted in malformed children at the age of 1 year, or in boys developing serious disabilities during infancy. Financial (cost-benefit analysis) and psychologic aspects are discussed. PMID- 3921340 TI - Combined action of carbaryl and phenthoate on tissue lipid derivatives of murrel, Channa punctatus (Bloch). AB - The levels of total lipids, free fatty acids, cholesterol, and lipase activity were studied in selected tissues of Channa punctatus Bloch during individual and combined exposures of carbaryl and phenthoate. The total lipid levels decreased with elevated levels of free fatty acids and lipase activity during all exposures, suggesting increased lipid hydrolysis to derive energy as an attempt to face the pesticide toxic stress. The cholesterol levels showed an elevated trend. These results were discussed in relation to induced glyconeogenesis and diversion of acetyl-coA to cholesterol synthesis during pesticide treatment. The effect produced by carbaryl + phenthoate treatment remained higher than either of the pesticides alone, suggesting the manifestation of an additive effect. PMID- 3921342 TI - Conversion of thyroxine (T4) to T3 and rT3 in human leucocyte suspension: its application to clinical investigation. AB - The generation of T3 and rT3 from added nonradioactive T4 in human polymorphonuclear leucocytes was measured. The amounts of the T3 and rT3 generated were estimated by radioimmunoassay in healthy volunteers and patients suffering of thyroidal and nonthyroidal diseases. Under the incubation conditions employed an increase of in vitro generation of T3 and rT3 was observed in suspensions of hyperthyroid patients, while a significant decrease was found when leucocytes from hypothyroid patients were employed. These alterations were apparently due to either the excess or lack of thyroid hormones, respectively, since they could be restored in both cases by specific clinical treatment. Furthermore, the patients suffering from nonthyroidal illnesses showed decreased T3 generating activity in their leucocyte suspensions, while increased amounts of rT3 could be detected in the same test tube. These results showed that the leucocyte incubation system is a suitable method for investigations of the extrathyroidal metabolism of thyroid hormones in humans. PMID- 3921341 TI - Toxic impact of effluents from petrochemical industry. AB - The toxicity of effluents from a petrochemical industry center in southern Finland was tested by conducting bioassays on organisms from three different trophic levels. In fish tests, rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) were caged at the discharge site and simultaneously at a reference area. The only clear differences, among the measurements of 25 metabolic parameters, were observed in fish liver where activities of two detoxication enzymes were significantly increased in the exposed group. The water flea (Daphnia magna) was used both in acute (EC50) and long-term reproduction tests. No acute lethal toxicity was detected in any of the wastewater samples investigated. A combined effluent, however, caused a reduction in the reproduction rate with an EC50 of 3%. No mutagenic activity was observed with the Ames test (Salmonella typhimurium, strains TA 97, TA 98, and TA 100) in concentrated effluents, in sediment samples, or in liver samples from predator fish caught from the discharge site. PMID- 3921343 TI - Hypothyroidism blunts the growth hormone (GH) releasing effect of human pancreatic GH releasing factor in the adult male rat in vivo and in vitro. AB - The effect of the 44-amino-acid peptide human pancreatic GH releasing factor (hpGRF-44) upon the secretion of GH was studied in control and hypothyroid adult male rats. In animals rendered hypothyroid by ingestion of propylthiouracil (PTU), basal and hpGRF-44-stimulated secretion of GH was depressed in vivo. Administration of T4 together with PTU prevented the decline in basal and hpGRF provoked GH secretion in vivo. HpGRF-44-stimulated release of rat GH was also impaired in vitro, an effect partially reversed by administration of low doses of T4 in vivo. The depressed in vitro secretion of GH could not be restored in hypothyroidism pituitaries by incubation of the glands with T3. Thus, hypothyroidism blunts hpGRF-44-stimulated secretion of GH in vivo and in vitro in the hypothyroid adult male rat. PMID- 3921344 TI - 5-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid increases prolactin release from rat anterior pituitary cells. AB - The enzymatic breakdown of phospholipids to form arachidonic acid and its subsequent conversion to metabolites produced via the lipoxygenase pathway in anterior pituitary cells may contribute to the process of PRL release. The incubation of primary cultures of pituitary cells from female rats with the lipoxygenase product 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE; 5-100 microM) significantly increased PRL release in a concentration-dependent manner. The release of PRL induced by 45 microM 5-HETE was completely blocked by 1 microM dopamine. Penfluridol, an agent that binds to and inactivates several Ca+2 binding proteins, including calmodulin, decreased (P less than 0.01) basal and 5 HETE-stimulated PRL release. Similarly, 50 microM D-600, a Ca+2 channel antagonist, significantly (P less than 0.01) reduced basal and 5-HETE-induced PRL release. BW755c or RHC 80267, both of which reduce the production of arachidonic acid metabolites, including 5-HETE, significantly reduced basal PRL release. The inhibitory effects of BW755c and RHC 80267 on PRL release, however, could be overcome by the addition of 5-HETE. In conclusion, 5-HETE or similar lipoxygenase metabolites may be important cellular components in the process of PRL release, and the inhibitory action of dopamine on PRL would seem to be mediated at some step after stimulation by these metabolites. PMID- 3921345 TI - Longitudinal study of the surge of gonadotropins induced by exogenous hormones in prepuberal gilts. AB - The transition at puberty to adult hormonal patterns has been hypothesized to involve a shift in the sensitivity of the hypothalamic-hypophysial axis to hormonal stimulation. Prepuberal gilts were treated with GnRH or estradiol benzoate (EB) to compare responsiveness of the pituitary at 40, 80, 120, and 160 days of age. Mean BW at each was 15.6, 36.3, 56.4, and 70.7 kg, respectively. Gilts were injected with GnRH (625 ng/kg; iv) or EB (600 micrograms/kg; im) or with vehicles. Blood samples were collected at 10-min intervals for 3 h after injection of GnRH or vehicle or 4-h intervals for 96 h after injection with EB or vehicle. Plasma concentrations of LH and FSH were measured by RIA, and data were analyzed by a general linear model for split plot design. Pretreatment basal concentrations of LH and FSH decreased between 40 and 160 days of age from 1.7 to less than 0.7 ng/ml and from 29.9-4.1 ng/ml, respectively. GnRH-induced surges of LH became more synchronous relative to time of injection and decreased in maximum concentration with age. In the youngest gilts, multiple surges of LH were released after a single injection of GnRH. The magnitude of the initial release of LH decreased with age from 5.6-2.7 ng/ml. Gilts treated with EB had two or more surges of LH at all ages. However, the concentration of the surge was greatest and occurred synchronously 12 h earlier in the 160-day-old gilts than at other ages. Therefore, sensitivity to EB was enhanced both in response time and amount of LH released. Concentrations of FSH were highly variable among gilts, and treatment with GnRH or EB induced an adult-like release of gonadotropins only at 160 days of age. Maturation of the surge mechanism involved at least two distinct alterations for LH. First there was a reduction in the amount of LH released in response to GnRH after day 40. Second an increase in the precision (timing) and magnitude of the surge of LH in response to EB was seen as gilts approached puberty. PMID- 3921346 TI - Rapid effects of hyperprolactinemia on basal prolactin secretion and dopamine turnover in the medial and lateral median eminence. AB - Subcutaneous injections of ovine PRL (oPRL; 4 mg/kg) were used to study the negative feedback of PRL on its own secretion in the adult male rat. A single injection of oPRL significantly suppressed the endogenous secretion of rat PRL within 3-4 h, an effect that persisted until the oPRL was substantially cleared from the circulation some 4-6 h later. In rats injected every 8 h, rat PRL levels were suppressed for 48 h, while LH titers increased significantly at some time points, and FSH levels varied in the same direction as LH. LHRH concentrations in 10 brain structures containing cell bodies, axons, and terminal boutons were not affected by 48 h of oPRL treatment. Dopamine turnover in both medial and lateral aspects of the median eminence increased as early as 2 h after the first oPRL injection and remained elevated after 10 and 26 h of oPRL exposure. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that the tuberoinfundibular dopamine neurons mediate the negative feedback action of PRL on its own secretion. Further, under these experimental conditions, neurons projecting to both medial and lateral aspects of the median eminence are equally sensitive to elevated PRL levels. PMID- 3921347 TI - Relation of circulating estradiol and progesterone to gonadotropin secretion and estrous cyclicity in aging female rats. AB - The progressive cessation of regular ovulatory function in aging female rats is preceded by a significant decrease in the magnitude of the proestrous LH surge during regular estrous cycles. However, our recent study has demonstrated that normal LH secretion and regular estrous cycles can be maintained for an extended period of time in aging females housed with fertile males and allowed to undergo repeated pregnancies. Since progesterone (P) secretion is persistently increased in pregnant rats, the present study examined whether repeated increases in circulating progesterone accounted for these results. Starting at 8 months of age and continuing to 13 months, multiparous rats were grouped and treated as follows: controls: females were housed five per cage; mated: five females were housed with one fertile male and allowed to undergo repeated pregnancies; and P implanted: females were housed five per cage and implanted sc with Silastic capsules containing P for 3 of every 4 weeks. During the 4.5 months of study, serum concentrations of estradiol (E2) in the P-implanted rats remained between 13 and 27 pg/ml, similar to levels in pregnant females (8-26 pg/ml) of the mated group. These E2 values were less than the preovulatory increase in serum E2 on proestrus (mean +/- SE, 56 +/- 10 pg/ml) in cyclic control females. In contrast, serum P values were persistently elevated in both the pregnant and the P implanted rats, although the values in the latter (27-55 ng/ml) were about one third to one half of those in the former group (117-125 ng/ ml). All treatments were stopped at 13 months of age, and estrous cycle patterns were determined thereafter. Between 13 and 17 months of age, the percentages of regularly cycling rats were significantly (P less than 0.01) greater in the mated group (50%, 36%, and 15% at 13, 15, and 17 months, respectively) than in the control group (23%, 20%, and 9%, respectively). During this same period, 50% of the females from the P-implanted group continued to display regular cycles. By the age of 11 months, 8 of 21 untreated retired breeder females exhibited attenuated LH surges on proestrus and subsequently ceased to display regular estrous cycles within 2 months, whereas the other 13 rats showed normal LH and FSH surges and continued to maintain regular cycles. In contrast to these, aged female rats from the previously mated (15-month-old) and the P-implanted (19-month-old) groups exhibited normal profiles of proestrous LH and FSH surges during regular estrous cycles.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3921348 TI - Thyrotropin (TSH)-releasing hormone regulation of TSH subunit biosynthesis and glycosylation in normal and hypothyroid rat pituitaries. AB - The regulation of TSH apoprotein and carbohydrate biosynthesis by TRH was studied by incubating pituitaries from normal and hypothyroid (3 weeks postthyroidectomy) rats in medium containing varying doses of TRH, [14C] alanine or [35S]methionine, and [3H]glucosamine. Samples were sequentially treated with anti-TSH beta to precipitate TSH and free TSH beta, anti-LH beta to remove LH and free LH beta, and anti-LH alpha to precipitate free alpha-subunits. Total proteins were acid precipitated. All precipitates were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In hypothyroid samples, acute TRH (6 h) stimulated [3H] glucosamine incorporation into secreted combined alpha-subunit to 204% and secreted combined beta-subunit to 227% of control values (P less than 0.01), and stimulated [14C]alanine incorporation into secreted combined alpha subunit to 201% and secreted combined beta-subunit to 258% of control values (P less than 0.01); pituitary content was not altered by TRH. In hypothyroid incubates, the half-maximal response was 8 X 10(-10) M TRH for both labeled precursors. In contrast, in normal samples, acute TRH (6 H) did not stimulate TSH subunit carbohydrate and apoprotein synthesis, but after 24 h, TRH stimulated [3H]glucosamine incorporation into both subunits of TSH to 270% of control values (P less than 0.02), with no change in [14C]alanine incorporation. Free alpha subunit synthesis was not altered by TRH in normal or hypothyroid incubates. The glucosamine to alanine ratio of total newly synthesized TSH, reflecting its relative glycosylation, was increased by TRH in both combined subunits in hypothyroid samples as early as 6 h (P less than 0.05) and in normal samples only at 24 h (P less than 0.01). In summary, 1) TRH in hypothyroid incubates stimulated apoprotein and carbohydrate synthesis in combined alpha- and beta subunits, but not free alpha-subunits, at 6 and 24 h. 2) In normal pituitary incubates, TRH stimulated TSH subunit carbohydrate, but not apoprotein, synthesis only at 24 h. 3) TRH increased the relative glycosylation of TSH in hypothyroid and normal rat pituitary incubates. Such alterations in TSH glycosylation may be due to structural changes in the carbohydrate moiety and may be important for hormone release, biological activity, or clearance. PMID- 3921349 TI - Effects of intraventricular growth hormone-releasing factor on growth hormone release: further evidence for ultrashort loop feedback. AB - We examined the effects of cerebroventricular injection of synthetic human GH releasing factor [hGRF-(1-44)] on regulation of GH release in conscious male rats. These results were compared with the direct effects of hGRF on hormone released from dispersed anterior pituitary cells. Administration of two higher doses of hGRF (200 and 2000 ng) into the third ventricle (3V) produced a dose related increase in plasma GH levels (P less than 0.001). Injection of hGRF into the 3V at two lower doses actually reduced GH release. Infusion of 20 ng (5 pmol) hGRF reduced plasma GH from 5-60 min (P less than 0.005), with a maximum suppression of 66%. The 2-ng (0.5-pmol) dose decreased GH secretion by 45% (P less than 0.05). hGRF stimulated a significant and dose-dependent release of GH from dispersed pituitary cells at concentrations of 10(-10) and 10(-9) M (P less than 0.025). The specificity of GRF for GH control, whether stimulatory or inhibitory, was seen by the failure of GRF to modify PRL, TSH, or LH release. Our results indicate that injection of larger doses of GRF into the 3V produce GH release, but at lower doses, 3V GRF may exert an action centrally to inhibit GH release. We propose that hypothalamic GRF may decrease its own neurosecretion by negative ultrashort loop feedback. PMID- 3921350 TI - Valproate and clonazepam comedication in patients with intractable epilepsy. AB - The efficacy and the potential risk of inducing convulsive or nonconvulsive status epilepticus with the combination of valproate (VPA) and clonazepam (CZP), with or without other anticonvulsant drugs, in 55 patients with intractable epilepsy was evaluated. The patients were treated with VPA and CZP concomitantly for from 3 to 72 months (mean 21.7 months). Trough VPA serum levels ranged from 26 to 96 micrograms/ml). Trough CZP serum levels ranged from 5 to 63 ng/ml (mean 22.6 ng/ml). The treatment seizure frequency was compared with baseline values before combination treatment. Seizure improvement was obtained in 7 of 8 patients with absence seizures, 8 of 9 patients with myoclonic seizures, 19 of 39 patients with complex partial seizures, 3 of 14 patients with primary generalized tonic clonic seizures, 8 of 23 patients with secondarily generalized tonic-clonic seizures, and 3 of 14 patients with atonic seizures. No single case of status epilepticus or exacerbation of seizures of any type was seen. PMID- 3921351 TI - Classification of the epilepsies: an investigation of 945 patients in a developing country. AB - The present study classified epilepsies in Nigerians and compared them with the profile of epilepsies as found in other countries: India, France, and Denmark. Partial epilepsy formed the largest group (76.6%) in this study and in that in India (80%), but these incidences were higher than that found in France (62%), owing to a higher frequency of birth injury, CNS infections, and childhood febrile convulsions in developing countries. In contrast to our study and that in France, where partial epilepsy with complex symptomatology formed the largest subgroup, partial epilepsy with elementary symptomatology formed the largest subgroup in India. The reason for this is not totally clear, though etiological factors and criteria for categorization are contributory. The incidence of partial epilepsy was lower in children than in adults owing to a relatively lower incidence of partial epilepsy with elementary symptomatology in children in the present series and a lower incidence of complex symptomatology in children in France and Denmark. Nigerian children seem more vulnerable to complex symptomatology owing to a high incidence of febrile illness (e.g., from malaria) and febrile convulsions. The incidence of generalized epilepsies in children was higher than in adults. Grand mal formed the largest subgroup of generalized epilepsies in children in this series and in Denmark, whereas petit mal formed the largest subgroup in France and India. Petit mal was relatively rare in children in our series (2.5%) compared with children in the French study (17.5%). Secondary generalized epilepsy was peculiar to children in all the series.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3921352 TI - Sphenoidal electrode positions and basal EEG during long term monitoring. AB - In 33 patients undergoing extended EEG monitoring, stereoscopic basal skull radiographs demonstrated the positions of Teflon-coated, 40-gauge, multistranded, silver wire electrodes shortly after their insertion and just before their removal an average of 5.12 days later. Although the electrodes had been firmly secured to the skin with plastic surgical adhesive tape and there was no evidence that they had been manually pulled out, many wee kinked and relatively superficially situated at the end, compared with the onset, of each monitoring period. Electrodes moved similar amounts bilaterally and migrated further as the days passed. Sphenoidal wire tips that had been an average of 7.02 mm lateral to the foramen ovale when placed eventually averaged 15.79 mm from this landmark. There was no relationship between distance moved by the electrodes and sex, age, or number or type of seizures exhibited. Review of EEG records of interictal discharges and seizures revealed no differences attributable to the relative electrode positions. PMID- 3921353 TI - Japan-U.S. Joint seminar on toxicity of chlorinated biphenyls, dibenzofurans, dibenzodioxins, and related compounds. April 25-28, 1983, Fukuoka, Japan. PMID- 3921355 TI - Mechanism of biosynthesis of methylsulfones from PCBs and related compounds. AB - Mercapto-, methylthio-, methylsulfinyl- and methysulfonyl metabolites of PCBs 2,5,2',5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl, 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene and some other chlorobenzenes were identified in adipose tissues of mice, rats and guinea pigs by using GC/MS/COM systems. By means of administration of CD3-methionine, it was confirmed that the methyl group in methylthio metabolites was derived from the methionine. Moreover, after pretreatment with either esterification of urinary metabolites in guinea pigs with 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene and 1,3-dichlorobenzene or N-acetylation after esterification, it was confirmed that cysteinylglycine, cysteine, N-acetylcysteine, cysteamine, mercaptopyruvate, mercaptolactate, mercaptacetate, thiol and disulfide conjugates were detected as a serial modified derivatives of glutathione moiety. These results are summarized as a metabolic proposed pathway of halogenated aromatic compounds. Three routes in pathway correspond to oxygenation (initial route), glutathione thioether disposition (intermediate route) and sulfoxydation (final route) in connection with both reactive intermediates of epoxide and thiol. Methylation of the thiol by S adenosylmethionine may be important in inhibiting covalent binding of reactive intermediates with biocomponents, similar to the glutathione conjugation for the detoxification of epoxide. PMID- 3921354 TI - Inductive effect on hepatic enzymes and toxicity of congeners of PCBs and PCDFs. AB - The present paper describes a marked induction of liver microsomal cytochrome P 450 and cytosolic DT-diaphorase to cause possible disorder of steroid homeostasis and promotion of carcinogenicity of 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide (4-NQO) in rats by pretreatment with 3,4,5,3',4'-pentachlorobiphenyl (PenCB) or 2,3,4,7,8 pentachlorodibenzofuran (PenCDF). The animals were sacrificed 5 days after the pretreatment. These induction experiments showed that 7 alpha-hydroxylation of both progesterone and testosterone in liver microsomes was selectively increased to a great extent, but hydroxylations at the 2 alpha-, 6 beta- and 16 alpha positions were depressed, together with 5 alpha-reduction. From the same microsomes, three of the strongly induced P-450 isozymes, i.e., high- and low spin P-448s and P-452, were purified. The last isozyme was most responsible for 7 alpha-hydroxylation of testosterone. The pretreatment, also increased activity of DT-diaphorase and reduction of 4-NQO about 10-fold in liver 9000g supernatants. This reduction of 4-NQO was solely catalyzed by DT-diaphorase and the only product was 4-hydroxylaminoquinoline N-oxide, a proximate carcinogen, indicating that the pretreatment strongly increased production of a proximate carcinogen from 4-NQO. Such an enhancement of the metabolic activation of 4-NQO by the pretreatment was also observed to some extent in the lung and the skin. Persistency of PenCB and PenCDF in the liver of rats was also discussed. PMID- 3921356 TI - Toxicity of polychlorinated biphenyl with special reference to porphyrin metabolism. AB - Oral administration of a commercial PCB mixture to chickens caused a hepatic-type porphyria characterized by hepatic accumulation and urinary excretion of uroporphyrin. To clarify the mechanism of the porphyrinogenic activity of these PCBs, we studied the structural requirement of synthetic PCB for porphyrinogenic activities by using the cultured chick embryo liver cells and examined the relationship between induction of delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) synthetase and inhibition of uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase. We established that the porphyrinogenic effect of PCBs exhibits a sharply defined structure-activity relationship in that only 3,4,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl and 3,4,5,3',4',5' hexachlorobiphenyl produced a marked accumulation of uroporphyrin. We also demonstrated that in ALA-supplemented cultures, these same compounds lead to accumulation of a large amount of uroporphyrin III, whereas with other PCBs, which were weak inducers of porphyrin synthesis, the accumulated porphyrin was mostly protoporphyrin. was mostly protoporphyrin. Kinetic studies of the sequential decarboxylation of uroporphyrinogen with purified uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase were performed. The 3,4,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl and 3,4,5,3',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl strongly inhibit uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase directly at two steps, i.e. first in the formation of hexacarboxylic porphyrinogen III from heptacarboxylic porphyrinogen III and second in the formation of heptacarboxylic porphyrinogen III from uroporphyrinogen III. The results confirmed that porphyrinogenic PCBs primarily inhibit uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase, leading to a depletion of heme as a result of which synthesis of ALA synthetase increased. PMID- 3921357 TI - Sources and fate of polychlorinated dibenzodioxins, dibenzofurans and related compounds in human environments. AB - Several of the major incidents resulting in potential human exposures to polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDDs) and/or polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and related compounds which have occurred in the U.S. in recent periods have resulted from improper disposal of hazardous chemical wastes. Prominent examples of such environmental contamination episodes are the Love Canal, into which ton quantities of chlorinated organic compounds containing substantial concentrations of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p dioxin (TCDD) were deposited; numerous sites in the State of Missouri which were contaminated by the dumping of chlorinated organic wastes containing various PCDDs and possibly PCDFs, and PCBs; and the environs of a 2,4-D/2,4,5-T manufacturing plant site in Arkansas, which were contaminated with PCDDs. Environmental assessments of such sites have revealed extensive contamination of soils, waterways, fish and other biological species with these toxic compounds, which in turn could lead to human exposures. Other recently identified sources of PCDDs, PCDFs and related compounds in human environments include stack effluents from municipal refuse incineration, and fires and explosions involving electrical devices containing PCBs and polychlorinated benzenes. Data obtained in assessments of such incidents are presented, and the implications of these findings with respect to the distribution and persistence of PCDDs, PCDFs and related chemicals in the environment and possible effects on humans are discussed. PMID- 3921359 TI - Clinical findings and immunological abnormalities in Yu-Cheng patients. AB - An outbreak of poisoning caused by ingestion of rice bran oil which was accidentally contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) broke out in Taiwan in February 1979. Diagnosis, management, and follow-up of the patients were performed at special clinics, and subjective symptoms and cutaneous changes such as peculiar acneform eruptions and pigmentation were recorded. The patients were divided into six age groups of both essex, and the body surface of the patients was divided into 12 sections according to the nature of skin. The prevalence of each type of cutaneous change was proved statistically by the chi square test. The examination of the immune system function in the patients at 1 year revealed: decreased concentration of IgM and IgA but not of IgG; decreased percentage of total T-cells, active T-cells, and helper T-cells, normal percentage of B-cells and suppressor T-cells; suppression of delayed type response to recalling antigens; enhancement of lymphocyte spontaneous proliferation; and enhancement of lymphocyte proliferation with PHA, PWM, and PPD stimulation but not ConA. Follow-up studies 3 years later showed decreased blood PCB levels; some improvement of subjective symptoms and cutaneous changes; recovery of skin testing response to PPD; normal percentage of total T-cells and increased percentage of suppressor T-cells; and enhancement of lymphocyte proliferation spontaneously or under the stimulation of various mitogens. PMID- 3921358 TI - Waste disposal technologies for polychlorinated biphenyls. AB - Improper practices in the disposal of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) wastes by land burial, chemical means and incineration distribute these chemicals and related compounds such as polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDDs) throughout the environment. The complete range of methods for disposal that have been proposed and are in use are examined and analyzed, with emphasis given to the two most commonly used methods: land burial and incineration. The understanding of aquifer contamination caused by migration of PCBs from subsurface burial sites requires a description of the physical, chemical and biological processes governing transport in unsaturated and saturated soils. For this purpose, a model is developed and solved for different soil conditions and external driving functions. The model couples together the fundamental transport phenomena for heat, mass, and moisture flow within the soil. To rehabilitate a contaminated aquifer, contaminated groundwaters are withdrawn through drainage wells, PCBs are extracted with solvents or activated carbon and treated by chemical, photochemical or thermal methods. The chemical and photochemical methods are reviewed, but primary emphasis is devoted to the use of incineration as the preferred method of disposal. After discussing the formation of PCDFs and PCDDs during combustion from chloroaromatic, chloroaliphatic, as well as organic and inorganic chloride precursors, performance characteristics of different thermal destructors are presented and analyzed. To understand how this information can be used, basic design equations are developed from governing heat and mass balances that can be applied to the construction of incinerators capable of more than 99.99% destruction with minimal to nondetectable levels of PCDFs and PCDDs. PMID- 3921360 TI - Respiratory involvement and immune status in yusho patients. AB - Clinical and experimental studies on respiratory involvement and alterations in immune status were carried out. Respiratory distress occurring in these patients has improved gradually for 14 years but still remains. Copious expectoration at an early stage of the disease may be related to the fact that a number of discrete polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are distributed throughout the lung parenchyma. For accumulation in the bronchial mucosa, structural requirements and specific dose dependence of PCBs have been clearly shown; however, pathological and physiological studies have indicated that respiratory involvement in yusho is mainly small airway disease that may be caused by involvement of cellular component (Clara cells) in bronchioles and/or associated infection. Respiratory distress is often exacerbated by viral or bacterial infection. Changes in the immune status in PCB and polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDF) poisoning are as follows: IgA and IgM in the serum are decreased at an early stage of the disease and then return to normal; suppression of cellular immunity was reported in Taiwanese patients and some may remain in the later stages of the disease, as shown in our patients. PCDFs now appear to be the main causal agents in yusho. Rats given PCDFs showed necrosis of the Clara cells in bronchioles and marked thymus atrophy, while few such changes were noted in rats given PCBs. Therefore, further examination is needed for the difference of the toxic effects between two compounds. PMID- 3921361 TI - Association of blood pressure and PCB level in yusho patients. AB - Correlations of blood polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) levels or PCB patterns and blood pressures were studied in 59 patients with yusho (PCB poisoning) above 40 years old. In spite of the passage of 13 years from the onset, 52.5% of these patients still have PCB levels higher than the range found in the general population. The frequency of hypertension in the patients was 16.9%, a value similar to that expected on the basis of the rate for a population of the same age and sex compositions. As an independent variable, the blood pressure of patients was not associated with blood PCB levels and PCB patterns. No PCB blood pressure association was confirmed in 20 patients with PCB levels persistently higher than 5 ppb for 9 years. On the other hand, age, obesity and habitual alcohol intake, known influencing factors for hypertension, tended to be positively associated with elevated blood pressure in these yusho patients. PMID- 3921362 TI - Fetal PCB syndrome: clinical features, intrauterine growth retardation and possible alteration in calcium metabolism. AB - Pregnant mothers with yusho in Fukuoka, Nagasaki and Kochi Prefectures delivered babies with a peculiar clinical manifestation which will be called fetal PCB syndrome (FPS). The birth rate incidences were 3.6% (Fukuoka Prefecture), 4% (Nagasaki Prefecture), 2.9% (Kochi Prefecture) and 3.9% (total). The manifestations consisted of dark brown pigmentation of the skin and the mucous membrane, gingival hyperplasia, exophthalmic edematous eye, dentition at birth, abnormal calcification of the skull as demonstrated by X-ray, rocker bottom heel and high incidence of light for date (low birth weight) babies. We suggest that there may be a possible alteration in calcium metabolism in these babies, related to the fragile egg shells observed in PCB-contaminated birds and to the female hormone-enhancing effect of PCB. The high incidence of low birth weight among these newborns and two other similar studies indicated that PCBs suppress fetal growth. PMID- 3921363 TI - Relationship between the amount of rice oil ingested by patients with yusho and their subjective symptoms. AB - The goal of this study was to clarify the subjective symptoms closely related to yusho by examining the relationship between the amount of PCB-contaminated rice oil ingested by patients and the subjective symptoms recorded on their questionnaires. The amount of PCB-contaminated rice oil consumed by the patients was obtained by interviewing the housewife in each yusho family. Individual consumption of the oil was estimated by taking into account age, sex and the number of meals at home. In 1970, 46 patients were available for analysis, and in 1971, 33 patients were available. Among 12 subjective symptoms studied, numbness of the limbs, coughing, expectoration, and the sensation of "elevated" teeth were considered to show a dose-response relationship, which suggests that these subjective symptoms are closely related to yusho. Consistent high rates of complaints of general fatigue and eye discharge were considered possibly to be connected with yusho, although no dose-response relationships have been determined. Other subjective symptoms, such as fever, headache, dizziness, abdominal pain, swelling in the joints, changes in menstruation, and loss of hair failed to show consistent dose-response relationships. It should be noted, however, that for these symptoms which failed to show dose-response relationships, it is impossible to deny a causal relationship. PMID- 3921364 TI - Discovery and epidemiology of PCB poisoning in Taiwan: a four-year followup. AB - An outbreak of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) poisoning from the consumption of contaminated rice oil, covering four counties in central Taiwan, was investigated. There were 1843 cases by the end of 1980. The highest frequency of incidence occurred during the period from March to July 1979. The severity of clinical manifestations varied. Most patients showed symptoms of mild or moderate severity. The major age group affected was between 11 and 20 years old. Most of the victims were students and factory workers. The amount of PCB intake in each victim was estimated to be 0.7 to 1.84 g and the latent period from the time of intake to the onset of clinical manifestations was approximately 3 to 4 months. The patients' blood PCB concentrations ranged from 3 ppb to 1156 ppb; 44.27% of 613 patients had levels of 51 to 100 ppb and 27.6% PCB blood levels over 100 ppb. In the course of 3.5 years, 2061 persons were determined to be PCB poisoning victims. Now, except for a few severe cases, their skin symptoms are very much improved. Thirty-nine babies showing hyperpigmentation were born from PCB poisoned mothers. The fatality rate was high: eight of them died. Another 24 deaths were reported among the PCB-poisoned group, almost half of them (12) from hepatoma, liver cirrhosis or liver diseases with hepatomegaly. PMID- 3921365 TI - PCB and PCDF congeners in the blood and tissues of yusho and yu-cheng patients. AB - Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) poisonings occurred in western Japan, where it is called yusho, in 1968, and in central Taiwan, where it is called yu-cheng, in 1979. The average concentrations of PCBs in the adipose tissue, liver and blood of yusho patients and in the blood of yu-cheng patients were 1.9 ppm, 0.08 ppm, 6.7 ppb and 99 ppb, respectively. Seven PCB congeners, such as 2,4,5,3',4' pentachloro-, 2,3,4,3',4'-pentachloro-, 2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachloro-, 2,3,4,2',4',5'-hexachloro-, 2,3,4,5,3',4'-hexachloro-, 2,3,4,5,2',4',5' heptachloro- and 2,3,4,5,2',3',4'-heptachloro biphenyls were identified in the blood and tissues of patients with yusho and yu-cheng and controls. The concentration of 2,3,4,5,3',4'-hexachlorobiphenyl was comparatively higher in the patients than in controls. The concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) in the adipose tissue and liver of yusho patients were 6 to 13 ppb and 3 to 25 ppb, respectively, while no PCDFs were detected in the controls. Major PCDF congeners identified in the tissues and blood of yusho and yu-cheng patients were the 2,3,6,8-tetrachloro-, 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-, 1,2,4,7,8-pentachloro-, 2,3,4,7,8 pentachloro- and 1,2,3,4,7,8-hexachlorodibenzofurans (DFs), of which the 2,3,4,7,8-pentachloro compound was predominant. The concentrations of methylthio PCB in the liver, lung and adipose tissue of yusho patients were 0.1 to 0.5, 0.2 to 1.4 and 0.5 to 1.0 ppb, respectively, and those of methysulfone PCBs were 0.3 to 0.7, 1.0 to 2.5 and 0.7 to 1.0 ppb, respectively. Some of the major peaks of the PCB methylthio and methylsulfone derivatives were identical in gas chromatographic retention times with those of 4-methylthio- and 4-methylsulfone 2,5,2',5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl PCDFs, especially 2,3,4,7,8-pentachloro DF, appear to be mainly responsible in the poisonings. PMID- 3921366 TI - Polychlorinated biphenyls, dibenzofurans and quaterphenyls in toxic rice-bran oil and in the blood and tissues of patients with PCB poisoning (Yu-Cheng) in Taiwan. AB - A mass outbreak of poisoning occurred in central Taiwan in 1979 due to the ingestion of rice-bran oil contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and quaterphenyls (PCQs). The incident was called PCB poisoning or Yu-Cheng in Taiwan. The major PCB and PCDF congeners in the toxic oil and in the blood and tissues of the poisoned patients were characterized by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry using highly efficient glass capillary columns. The levels of toxic agents in the rice oil samples collected from the factory and school cafeterias and the families of the poisoned patients are in the range of 53 to 99 ppm, 0.18 to 0.40 ppm and 25 to 53 ppm for PCBs, PCDFs, and PCQs, respectively. The blood samples of 165 patients collected 9 to 18 months after the onset of poisoning contained 10 to 720 ppb of PCBs, with a mean value of 38 ppb. The blood samples of 10 patients collected 9 to 27 months after poisoning contained 0.02 to 0.20 ppb of PCDFs. Comparative rates of elimination of some PCB congeners from the blood of patients were studied. Various tissues from a patient who died 2 years after poisoning were analyzed for PCBs, PCDFs and PCQs. The intestinal fat contains the highest level of PCBs, while the liver contains the highest concentration of PCDFs. The PCB congeners retained in the tissues either do not have adjacent unsubstituted carbon atoms or have a pair at ortho-meta positions of the biphenyl ring. The major PCDF congeners retained in the tissues were 1,2,3,4,7,8-hexachloro-DF, 2,3,4,7,8-pentachloro-DF and 1,2,4,7,8-pentachloro-DF. The former two congeners, especially 2,3,4,7,8-pentachloro-DF, are very toxic PCDFs; they may play important roles in the etiology of Yu-Cheng. PMID- 3921367 TI - PCBs, PCQs and PCDFs in tissues of yusho and yu-cheng patients. AB - All five samples of oil involved in the recent yu-cheng outbreak were heavily contaminated with PCBs, PCQs and PCDFs at levels, on the average, of 62, 20 and 0.14 ppm, respectively. The samples not only had roughly one-tenth of the contamination by PCBs, PCQs and PCDFs but also three to four times lower ratios of PCQs and PCDFs to PCBs than samples of oil involved in yusho in Japan. PCBs, PCQs and PCDFs present were all composed of similar congeners to the ones found in the yusho specimens, though some variation of the component ratios of PCBs and PCDFs were observed. On the other hand, five patients with yusho who died 1 to 10 years following poisoning had markedly higher tissue levels of PCDFs and PCQs than did a worker occupationally exposed to PCBs. Taking great differences in the process of the healing and the tissue levels of PCBs, PCQs and PCDFs between the two poisoning cases into consideration, PCDFs and PCQs--especially the former- and not PCBs are deduced to be strongly associated with the development of yusho. PMID- 3921368 TI - PCBs, PCQs and PCDFs in blood of yusho and yu-cheng patients. AB - Individual blood samples obtained from yusho and yu-cheng patients who had been poisoned by ingesting contaminated cooking oils, from workers occupationally exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and from unexposed individuals were analyzed for PCBs, polychlorinated quaterphenyls (PCQs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. PCBs were found in the blood of all samples. PCQs were detected in the blood of 54 of 56 living yusho patients 11 years after the outbreak, and in all yu-cheng patients 6 months following poisoning. These facts indicate that the presence of PCQs in the blood was a good mark of past ingestion of the toxic oil. In the yu-cheng cases, PCDFs as well as PCBs and PCQs were detected in all blood samples. These identified isomers have been reported to be remarkably highly toxic compounds, i.e., both the 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorinated and 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorinated compounds are toxicologically hundreds to thousands of times more toxic than PCB. In view of the high toxicity of PCDFs found in the yu-cheng patients' blood, we must deduce that they are the primary causal agents of yusho as well as of the yu cheng incident. PMID- 3921370 TI - Health status and PCBs in blood of workers exposed to PCBs and of their children. AB - A follow-up study of capacitor manufacturing workers exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and their children was conducted since 1973. PCB levels in whole blood of workers as well as in breast milk of the exposed lactating mothers were approximately 10 to 100 times those of nonexposed Japanese. Blood PCB levels had a statistically significant correlation with the duration of PCB handling and breast milk PCB levels. The rate of decline of blood PCB levels, as well as the changes of the gas chromatograph of blood PCB over 7 years was found to vary with the kind of PCB handled. The levels of blood PCB tended to be higher in the children fed PCB-contaminated breast milk for a long period. The great majority of workers handling PCBs had dermatologic complaints. Discontinuance of contact with PCB led to gradual improvement of these lesions. Abnormal results in the blood chemistry of the workers were rare, while serum triglyceride concentration was significantly correlated with blood PCB levels in 1974. In the questionnaire study, the number of complaints in children born from mothers who had handled PCBs, especially those fed breast milk for a long period, was conspicuously higher than that in control groups. Several children were found to have the same medical findings as in yusho; however, they have not been diagnosed as PCB poisoning, because these findings were neither so serious nor related to the blood PCB levels. PMID- 3921369 TI - Biological effect of PCBs, PCQs and PCDFs present in the oil causing yusho and yu cheng. AB - Male Sprague-Dawley rats were daily given orally for 22 days a regimen consisting of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 1 mg/day; polychlorinated quaterphenyls (PCQs), 1 mg/day; polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), 10 micrograms/day; or a mixture of PCBs, PCQs and PCDFs (Mix-1, 1 mg + 1 mg + 10 micrograms/day). Female Cynomolgus monkeys were daily administered PCBs (5 mg), PCQs (5 mg) or a mixture (Mix-2) containing 5 mg PCBs + 20 micrograms PCDFs for 20 weeks. The PCBs, and PCDFs had the components of PCBs, PCQs and PCDFs similar to those contained in Japanese yusho oils, respectively. The PCB-treated rats and monkeys showed hepatic hypertrophy, immunosuppression and increased drug-metabolizing enzyme activities in hepatic microsomes, but were devoid of the dermal symptoms characteristic of yusho. PCQs caused an increase in drug-metabolizing enzyme activities in hepatic microsomes and immunosuppression in monkeys, but these effects were much smaller than those found with PCBs treatment. On the other hand, treatment with PCDF or Mix-1 or Mix-2 caused hypertrophy of the liver, immunosuppression, increase in drug-metabolizing enzyme activities of hepatic microsome to much greater extent than observed with PCBs, being more than 100 times as effective as PCBs. In addition PCDFs and the mixtures containing PCDFs caused weight loss and thymic atrophy. PCDFs and Mix-2-treated monkeys showed the dermal symptoms that are characteristic of yusho patients but were not observed in monkeys treated with PCBs and PCQs alone. These results suggest that PCDFs are the primary causative agent of yusho. PMID- 3921371 TI - Surveys of workers occupationally exposed to PCBs and of yusho patients. AB - Surveys of workers occupationally exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the production of thread or of paint, and of yusho patients were carried out from 1973 to 1982. PCB concentrations in the plasma of the workers ranged from 2 to 521 ppb, and some showed higher PCB levels in the plasma than typical Japanese yusho patients. Gas chromatographic patterns of plasma PCBs of the workers with high PCB levels were shown to match the patterns of the PCBs to which they had been exposed in the workplace. Japanese yusho children showed remarkable decrease with time, but no such decrease was observed in the yusho adults and the workers. Polychlorinated quaterphenyls (PCQs) were detected in the blood of typical Japanese and Taiwanese yusho patients, but PCQ levels in the plasma of the workers were below the detection limit of 0.02 ppb. Clinical findings and subjective complaints of the workers were usually slight compared with typical yusho patients, though some of them had mild dermal manifestations and their PCB levels were suspected to be related to serum triglyceride values. On the basis of these results, we discussed the relationship between the health status of the subjects and their contamination with PCBs or related compounds. PMID- 3921373 TI - Detection of central venous catheter-associated sepsis. AB - To determine whether contamination of the catheter was the cause of pyrexis in patients receiving total parenteral nutrition through central venous catheters, semiquantitative culture of blood drawn through the line kept in place was performed. Eighty-three catheters from 75 patients were studied. The predictive value of a negative culture using this method was greater than 97%. PMID- 3921374 TI - In vitro activity of azthreonam and Ro 17-2301 against multiresistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. PMID- 3921375 TI - Steady-state kinetic analysis of transcription of cloned tRNASer genes from Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Drosophila melanogaster Schneider II cells contain a factor which inhibits transcription in vitro of cloned tRNA genes in crude extracts made from these cells. The inhibitor could, however, be effectively neutralized by addition of certain non-template DNAs. In the absence of the transcription inhibitor activity, the steady-state kinetics of tRNA production from cloned genes followed one-substrate enzyme kinetics to a high degree of accuracy. Maximal rates of transcription and apparent affinity constants were analyzed for a collection of cloned D. melanogaster tRNASer genes. The stability of the complex formed by the transcription proteins and the template DNA was found to be nearly constant for the genes examined. The transcription rates, however, were greatly influenced by the DNA sequences flanking the tRNA genes. Analysis of transcription competition between DNA templates showed pure competitive behavior. Inhibition constants derived from these experiments indicated that the formation of the transcription complex was affected by sequences flanking the tRNA genes. Furthermore, the rate limiting step in complex formation was independent of the stability of the final form of the complex. PMID- 3921372 TI - Laboratory and human studies on polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and related compounds. AB - Similar qualitative toxic effects have been observed in animals for a class of halogenated aromatic compounds, which include the halogenated biphenyls, naphthalenes, dibenzodioxins, and dibenzofurans. All of these compounds are lipid soluble and persist in the environment and in mammals. The polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) are the most persistent. They are predominantly stored in fatty tissue; they pass the placenta and are excreted in milk. Some isomers of the halogenated biphenyls are more toxic than others. With some exceptions, the more toxic isomers are retained longer in tissues and are also the carcinogenic components of the mixture. Most of these chemicals seem to be promoters of carcinogenesis in animals rather than initiators. An array of toxic effects in laboratory animals has been ascribed to these compounds and numerous reviews summarizing this information are available. Less information is available on the human health effects of environmental and occupational exposure. Results of recent studies in animals to further elucidate the effects of these chemicals are presented, and results from some human studies conducted in the United States are reviewed. PMID- 3921376 TI - A new type of cereal lectin from leaves of couch grass (Agropyrum repens). AB - Extracts from couch grass (Agropyrum repens) leaves contain relatively high lectin concentrations. Preliminary experiments with crude extracts indicated that the leaf lectin differs from the embryo lectin of the same species and other Gramineae embryo lectins with respect to its sugar and blood group specificity, and serological properties. A comparison of the biochemical, physicochemical and biological properties of purified lectins from couch grass leaves and embryos, and wheat germ agglutinin revealed that the leaf lectin has the same molecular structure as the embryo lectins. It is a dimer composed of two identical subunits, which, however, are slightly larger than embryo lectin subunits. Structural differences between both couch grass lectins were further inferred from in vitro subunit exchange experiments and serological analyses. Whereas the embryo lectin readily forms heterodimers with embryo lectins from other cereal species and also is serologically indistinguishable from them, the leaf lectin does not exchange subunits with the same embryo lectins and is serologically different. In addition, couch grass leaf lectin exhibits specificity for N acetylgalactosamine and agglutinates preferentially blood-group-A erythrocytes whereas the embryo lectin is not inhibited by N-acetylgalactosamine and exhibits no blood-group specificity. It was observed also that the lectin content of couch grass leaves varies enormously during the seasons. PMID- 3921378 TI - Penile ossification in man. PMID- 3921377 TI - An infant with Marfanoid phenotype and congenital contractures associated with ocular and cardiovascular anomalies, cerebral white matter hypoplasia and spinal axonopathy. AB - An infant is presented with a Marfanoid phenotype and congenital contractures. In addition to this she showed severe neurological and ocular abnormalities. Cardiac insufficiency due to mitral and tricuspidal valve prolapse caused her death at the age of 6 months. Postmortem examination showed axonal pathology of the anterior horns and roots of the spinal cord, and white matter hypoplasia of the brain. PMID- 3921379 TI - Stimulation of peritoneal synthesis of vasoactive prostaglandins during peritonitis in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. AB - The peritoneal generation of arachidonic acid metabolites was studied in eight patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) during infection-free periods and during bacterial peritonitis. The prostacyclin metabolite 6-keto-PGF1 alpha was found to be the major prostanoid generated by human peritoneal mesothelium (1090 ng (6h)-1, SEM 86, n = 8) followed by lesser amounts of PGE2 (142 ng (6 h)-1, SEM 26, n = 8), PGF2 alpha (162 ng (6 h)-1, SEM 27, n = 8) and TXB2 (59 ng (6 h)-1, SEM 5, n = 8). During peritonitis a significant increase of all prostaglandins and TXB2 occurred (P less than 0.001). The ratio of the vasodilating prostaglandins and their metabolites (PGE2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha) to the vasoconstrictors and their metabolites (PGF2 alpha and TXB2) increased from 6.6 to 10.5 during peritoneal inflammation. Augmented peritoneal clearances of creatinin and urea and increased losses of proteins during peritonitis as well as the enhanced peritoneal generation of prostanoids were reduced to basal values by adequate antibiotic therapy. The present results suggest that the increased peritoneal blood flow during peritonitis, probably responsible for the observed changes of peritoneal transport properties, may be induced by a change in the ratio of vasoactive prostaglandins generated by peritoneal mesothelial cells. PMID- 3921381 TI - Defective renal water excretion in nephrotic syndrome: the relationship between renal water excretion and kidney function, arginine vasopressin, angiotensin II and aldosterone in plasma before and after oral water loading. AB - An oral water load of 20 ml (kg body wt)-1 was given to seventeen patients with the nephrotic syndrome and fifteen healthy control subjects. Diuresis (D), free water clearance (CH2O), plasma concentrations of arginine vasopressin (AVP), angiotensin II (AII) and aldosterone (Aldo) were determined before and 3 times during the first 4 h after loading. In the nephrotic syndrome D was significantly lower 1-2 h after loading than in the control subjects, predominantly due to a lower CH2O (2.61 and 7.01 ml min-1 (medians), P less than 0.01). Creatinine clearance and the maximum increase in CH2O were significantly correlated in patients with the nephrotic syndrome (rho = 0.721, n = 17, P less than 0.01) and the control subjects (rho = 0.596, n = 15, P less than 0.01). AVP was reduced in both groups during loading, but AVP was clearly elevated in the patients with the nephrotic syndrome when compared to the control subjects both before (3.0 and 1.9 pmol 1(-1), P less than 0.01) and during loading. There was a significantly negative correlation between CH2O and AVP in both groups. AII and Aldo were reduced during loading, but the levels were the same in the patients and in the control group, and AII and Aldo were not correlated to CH2O. It is concluded that patients with the nephrotic syndrome excrete an oral water load more slowly than healthy control subjects, and that this phenomenon partly is due to reduced glomerular filtration rate and partly to increased AVP. PMID- 3921380 TI - Effect of dazoxiben, a thromboxane synthetase inhibitor on skin-blood flow following cold challenge in patients with Raynaud's phenomenon. AB - The effects of dazoxiben on finger-blood flow in response to cold challenge were studied in normal subjects and patients with Raynaud's phenomenon. In normal subjects concentrations of TXB2 and 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha were measured in blood taken from dorsal hand veins following cold challenge. In a parallel multicentre study we examined the effects of dazoxiben on finger temperature and capillary blood cell velocity in patients with Raynaud's phenomenon. Dazoxiben did not affect finger arterial inflow at rest or during cold challenge in patients or controls. However in both groups, recovery was quicker after cold challenge on dazoxiben treatment. In patients median flow was 5 ml (100(-1) ml) min-1 (range 1-10) v. 2 (0.5-15), P less than 0.05 dazoxiben v. placebo at 15 min after cold challenge. However, in normal subjects this did not prove to be statistically significant. In normal subjects there was a fall in TXB2 concentrations and relative rise in 6 oxo-PGF1 alpha following dazoxiben treatment indicating redirection of prostaglandin endoperoxides towards synthesis of PGI2. Comparison of the sum total output of each eicosanoid following treatment with dazoxiben revealed a 65% reduction in TXB2 concentrations (P less than 0.025 compared with placebo) and a 40% increase in 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha concentrations (P less than 0.05 compared with placebo). However a simultaneous increase in concentrations of FPA indicated generation of thrombin, probably at the needle tip. Long-term treatment with dazoxiben resulted in no significant change in finger-skin temperature or capillary blood cell velocity, duration, or severity of attacks of Raynaud's phenomenon. PMID- 3921382 TI - Plasma oxalate concentration and oxalate distribution volume in patients with normal and decreased renal function. AB - In twenty-one patients (sixteen male, five female) with various kidney diseases including primary hyperoxaluria type I (four patients), the plasma oxalate level was calculated from the isotopically determined oxalate clearance and the chemically determined urinary oxalate excretion. The apparent oxalate distribution volume was assessed as well. In patients with impaired kidney function (n = 12), the oxalate clearance was lower and the biological half-life and plasma concentration were higher than in patients with normal kidney function (n = 10). No differences were found in the oxalate-to-creatinine clearance ratio (mean value 1.93), urinary oxalate excretion and apparent oxalate distribution volume. A linear relation was found between the oxalate and creatinine clearance, while the clearance ratio was independent of the degree of renal failure. The apparent oxalate distribution volume was 1.45 times the estimated extracellular fluid volume. Because the isotopically determined plasma oxalate levels are lower than chemically measured ones, a quick and better estimation of plasma oxalate can be made from the urinary oxalate excretion and the creatinine clearance. PMID- 3921383 TI - Coexistence of hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia and interstitial lung disease in a family: a cross-sectional study. AB - In a prospective investigation, a large kindred (twenty-one subjects) with unexplained association of familial hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia and idiopathic interstitial lung disease was studied. Serum calcium was increased in fifteen patients (the youngest being 7 years old) and was associated with hypo- or normocalciuria. The abnormalities were not age-dependent. The serum concentrations of parathyroid hormone, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 and calcitonin were normal. In twelve patients the diffusing capacity (DLCO) and/or DLCO per unit lung volume was less than 75% predicted. This was often accompanied by a vital capacity of less than 80% predicted, and increased Tiffeneau index, and a reticulo-micronodular pattern with high diaphragm on chest X-ray. The decrease in DLCO was more pronounced in older non smoking as well as smoking subjects (P less than 0.02) suggesting a progressing interstitial disease with age. The fibrosing alveolitis, which had been confirmed by open lung biopsy in three subjects, could not be attributed to sarcoidosis, collagen-vascular disease, or exogenous causes. The disturbances in the calcium homeostasis and in the diffusing capacity of the lung coexisted in seven of the twenty-one patients. Apparently, both abnormalities were inherited following an autosomal-dominant pattern but with a different penetration in each person, and seemed not be causally related to each other. PMID- 3921384 TI - Effect of dihydroergokryptine administration on serum prolactin and growth hormone levels in normal, hyperprolactinaemic and acromegalic subjects: evidence of potent and long-lasting pituitary dopamine receptor stimulation. AB - The endocrine effects of a relatively potent dopaminergic agent, dihydroergokryptine, have been studied in normal subjects, and in hyperprolactinaemic and acromegalic patients. A single 6 mg oral dose of the drug caused a marked, long lasting fall in prolactin (PRL) plasma levels in healthy subjects, in hyperprolactinaemic patients and in normoprolactinaemic acromegalics. Growth hormone (GH) levels decreased in 1-DOPA - responder, acromegalic patients, but dihydroergokryptine did not affect GH levels in normal volunteers or in 1-DOPA non-responder, acromegalic patients. The PRL- and GH- lowering activity of 6 mg dihydroergokryptine was significantly greater than that of 6 mg dihydroergocristine, and was similar to that of an oral dose of 500 mg 1 DOPA. PMID- 3921385 TI - Effects of digoxin and acetyl-digitoxin on basal and CO2-stimulated ventilation. AB - Eight healthy volunteers were studied to ascertain the effect of digoxin and the relatively more lipophylic cardiac glycoside, acetyl-digitoxin on ventilation. Baseline ventilation as well as the response to the inspiration of 2.2% and 4.8% carbon dioxide were assessed. Digoxin produced a depression of minute volume and oxygen consumption whereas acetyl-digitoxin produced the opposite effect. This could be the result of a relatively greater vagomimetic effect with digoxin and a greater symphatomimetic effect with acetyl-digitoxin. These findings might have clinical implications in cardiac patients who have pulmonary disease. PMID- 3921386 TI - Arachidonic acid-induced platelet aggregation and prostanoid formation in whole blood in relation to plasma concentration of indomethacin. AB - A single oral dose of indomethacin 1 mg/kg was given to 6 male and 6 female volunteers. The formation of thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (6-keto-PGF1 alpha) in clotting whole blood was measured by radioimmunoassay, and platelet aggregation induced by arachidonic acid (AA) was measured with a plasma aggregometer. The results were related to the concomitant plasma concentration of indomethacin. The maximum plasma concentration ranged between 3.24 and 8.11 micrograms/ml and the elimination half-life between 4 and 11 h. Formation of the prostanoids was reversibly inhibited, with maximum suppression when the drug concentration in plasma exceeded 0.5-1.0 microgram/ml; the IC50 was approximately 0.1 microgram/ml. Platelet aggregation was also reversibly inhibited. The correlation between the formation of prostanoids and the different phases of the aggregatory response to exogenous AA is discussed. PMID- 3921387 TI - Interferon gamma produced by mitogen-activated T lymphocytes does not directly mediate lymphoproliferation. AB - Human interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) endogenously produced during mitogenic stimulation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells or human T lymphocyte enriched cultures was neutralized in situ by the addition of a polyclonal antiserum (anti-L) raised in a rabbit against partially purified natural IFN gamma derived from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Small decreases in mitogen induced [3H]thymidine incorporation (lymphoproliferation) were demonstrated under these conditions. However, an antiserum (anti-G) raised in a sheep against highly purified recombinant IFN-gamma (E. coli-derived) which strongly neutralized the antiviral effect of IFN-gamma either had little effect on mitogen-induced lymphoproliferation or caused slight enhancement of mitogenesis. The interleukin 2 responsiveness of activated T lymphocytes following mitogenic stimulation was not found to be different in the presence of anti-G to that of control cultures incubated in the presence of normal sheep serum. These results suggest that IFN gamma is not a direct requirement for lymphoproliferation. PMID- 3921388 TI - Lack of inhibition of mitogen-induced lymphoproliferation by interferon gamma. AB - Interferon (IFN) gamma has been shown to have enhancing effects on immunocompetent cells, as for example induction of the expression of I-A antigens. In this report the effect of purified mouse IFN-gamma on mitogen induced proliferation was studied. In contrast to the situation observed with IFN alpha or IFN-beta, treatment by IFN-gamma had no suppressive effect on mitogenesis. Enhancing effects on DNA synthesis induced by phytohemagglutinin were observed at low concentrations of IFN-gamma in the early stage of lymphocyte activation. The effects on T cell proliferation, however, were not consistent under all experimental conditions. PMID- 3921389 TI - Blockade by naloxone and naltrexone of the TRH-induced stimulation of colonic transit in the rabbit. AB - Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH), administered intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) in microgram quantities to anesthetized rabbits, produces marked stimulation of colonic motility, transit, fluid accumulation, and accompanied by a portal hyperserotonemia. In this study we found that pretreatment of rabbits with naloxone (2.5 mg/kg) or naltrexone (1.0 mg/kg) attenuated or blocked the TRH induced colonic transit and increase in luminal fluid, but not the hypermotility nor the hyperserotonemia. In this respect the narcotic antagonist effects resemble those produced by the antiserotonin compounds or opiate agonists. PMID- 3921391 TI - K562 cell erythroid differentiation: requirement for a factor in fetal bovine serum. AB - K562 human erythroleukemia cells can be induced to make hemoglobin by a variety of inducing agents. Most of these agents are effective in media supplemented with fetal bovine serum (FBS), but not in media supplemented with newborn bovine serum (NBS). The active factor in FBS has an apparent molecular weight of 30,000 daltons and appears to be a protein on the basis of the following properties: lability at 100 degrees C, inactivation by desferrioxamine plus trypsin, resistance to periodate, and resistance to ribonuclease. Media containing NBS can be used for induction if supplemented by either this factor or transferrin of bovine or human origin. The small size of the active factor (mol. wt. approximately 30,000 daltons) indicates that it is not identical to bovine transferrin (mol. wt. approximately 77,000 daltons). However, when iron-saturated bovine transferrin is digested with trypsin, the peptide fragments produced resemble the FBS factor in activity, size, and reaction with antibovine serum transferrin. PMID- 3921390 TI - [D-Met2,Pro5]enkephalinamide activates cardioinhibitory efferents in anaesthetized dogs. AB - [D-Met2,Pro5]enkephalinamide (DMPEA) strongly activated cardioinhibitory vagal efferents and elicited bradycardia when perfused through the cerebroventricular system of anaesthetized dogs. These effects were concentration-dependent but plateaued at an intraventricular concentration of 200 micrograms/ml. At this maximally effective concentration, the vagal discharge rate was fourfold higher and the heart rate was lowered by 28% compared to the controls. These effects were reversed by naloxone (40 micrograms/ml). There was no significant change in blood pressure. Vagal discharge rate and heart rate correlated closely and inversely with each other with r values ranging between -0.75 and -0.95. Opiate receptors in brain structures bordering the cerebroventricular system are the most likely mediators of the effects of DMPEA. The opiate receptor/endorphin system may therefore play a role in the physiological control of cardiac vagal tone and thus of heart rate. PMID- 3921392 TI - Characterization of hemopoietic growth factors from T cells and the myelomonocytic leukemia WEHI-3B. AB - P-cell-stimulating factor (PSF) (also termed interleukin 3) produced by the T cell clone A3-37.4, the T-cell hybridoma 123, the T-lymphoma EL4, spleen cells, and the myelomonocytic cell line WEHI-3B had a similar apparent mol. wt. and in each case eluted from a Waters C18 silica column at a concentration of acetonitrile of 38%. Both the PSF from the T-cell clones and from WEHI-3B stimulated the in vitro growth of cloned T-dependent mast cells and of colonies from normal bone marrow cells. The T-cell sources--but not WEHI-3B--also produced an additional, distinct hemopoietic growth factor that stimulated the growth of colonies of neutrophils and macrophages but did not support the growth of P cells. This factor was termed T-cell granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (T-cell GM-CSF). T-cell GM-CSF eluted from a C18 silica column at an acetonitrile concentration of 41%, differing in this respect from both PSF, which eluted at 38% acetonitrile, and the GM-CSF produced by endotoxin-stimulated mouse lungs. PMID- 3921394 TI - Mamillary-body lesions and visual recognition in monkeys. AB - Cynomolgus monkeys with complete bilateral destruction of the medial mamillary nucleus exhibited little, if any, deficit in object recognition, although they did show evidence of impairment in spatial memory. The pattern of effects thus resembled that found previously after either hippocampal ablations or transections of the fornix and suggests that, like such damage, mamillary-body damage alone is insufficient to produce the global amnesia attributed to it in clinical cases. PMID- 3921393 TI - Studies on the regulation of hemopoiesis. AB - Normal hemopoietic cell differentiation and proliferation is critically dependent upon marrow stromal elements. Long-term liquid culture of marrow provides a model for the study of stromal function. We evaluated the effects of radiation and 5 fluorouracil (5-FU) on various aspects of long-term murine hemopoietic cell growth and stromal function. Exposure of C57BL/6J murine adherent cells from long term marrow cultures to varying doses of irradiation (0-1000 rad) in vitro resulted in the elaboration of growth factors stimulating granulocyte, macrophage, megakaryocyte, mixed megakaryocyte-granulocyte macrophage, and blast colonies. This increased production of growth factors appears to be related to the ablation of normal granulocyte production in the culture system since addition of normal stroma to irradiated stroma blocks growth factor production. Two cell types appear to be mediating stromal factor production and support of liquid culture hemopoiesis: a macrophagelike cell and an alkaline-phosphatase positive epithelioid cell. Exposure of these two cell types to pokeweed mitogen results in marked enhancement of growth factor production. Furthermore, a cell line isolated from normal murine stroma produced an activity capable of acting at an early hemopoietic stem cell level and of inducing secondary marrow cell lines. The establishment of cultures from 5-FU-treated animals revealed that chemotherapy-depleted marrow was capable of establishing adequate stromal function and that the residual surviving stem cells had a higher than normal proliferative rate. In addition, the function of granulocytes derived from this post-5-FU marrow was normal. Thus, it appears that both chemotherapy and radiation exposure of marrow results in an enhanced capacity of stromal elements to produce growth factors and support hemopoiesis and that post-5-FU marrow represents an enriched source of high proliferative potential bone marrow stem cells. PMID- 3921395 TI - Effects of intracerebroventricular 6-hydroxydopamine on catecholaminergic fibers in the rat hypothalamus. AB - Regeneration in the central nervous system has been claimed to be very limited and abortive, although functional regeneration of some of its pathways after destruction has been observed. The exact mechanisms by which axons regenerate fully or fail to have functional regeneration remain to be studied further. We explored whether or not there is a regional difference in regeneration of central catecholaminergic (CA) neurons in the hypothalamus of young adult rats after 6 hydroxydopamine (6-OH-DA) treatment. Four days after treatment, the numbers of CA terminals and axons were significantly reduced in the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, periventricular hypothalamic nucleus, supraoptic commissure (SOC), and dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus as assessed by a morphometric quantitation on fluorescence microscopy micrographs; CA axons were gradually increased in numbers after the treatment. The number of CA varicosities in the supraoptic commissure was restored to 96% of control 180 days after the 6-OH-DA lesion, whereas the actual numbers of CA varicosities in the paraventricular, periventricular, and dorsomedial hypothalamic nuclei were attained at 79, 79, and 68% of control values, respectively. Our results indicate that CA fibers in the supraoptic commissure possess more regenerative potential than the three other hypothalamic regions studied, suggesting a regional difference in CA nerve sprouting during neuroplasticity within the hypothalamus. The favorable regeneration of CA axons in the supraoptic commissure implies to us that some trophic features along that pathway, particularly near the third ventricle, may have been stimulated after chemical lesion using 6-OH-DA, and gradually released in the distal field of the supraoptic commissure to attract CA stumps to sprout. These factors may thus induce both regenerative sprouting and collateral sprouting resulting in vigorous regrowth of CA fibers in the supraoptic commissure. PMID- 3921396 TI - Interictal afterdischarge in focal penicillin epilepsy: block by thalamic cooling. AB - Interictal spikes recorded from a penicillin focus in the precruciate cortex of urethane-anesthetized cats were followed by brief afterdischarge oscillations that occurred at a delay of 170 to 220 ms from the interictal spike and consisted of as many as five cycles at 16 to 22/s. The origin of this afterdischarge was investigated by cooling different subcortical sites and thus blocking them reversibly. At none of the sites did cooling result in a block of the interictal spike whereas cooling of the ventrolateral nucleus of the thalamus resulted in block of the afterdischarge. Other subcortical sites had either no or less reliable effects on it. We conclude that afterdischarge but not the interictal spike depends on thalamic input, either as a generator of the rhythm or as a trigger for a cortically maintained oscillation. PMID- 3921397 TI - Interictal afterdischarge in focal penicillin epilepsy: thalamocortical unit activity. AB - The involvement of thalamic versus cortical structures for the initiation and maintenance of brief interictal afterdischarge was evaluated by recording extracellularly units and field potentials from different subcortical and cortical sites. Afterdischarge oscillations at 16 to 22/s that followed interictal spikes with a delay of 170 to 220 ms usually appeared 10 to 30 min after the topical application of penicillin to the cat's precruciate cortex. Units in the ventrolateral nucleus of the thalamus fired in burst discharges during cortical afterdischarge and less reliably during the cortical interictal spike. In contrast, units recorded at the cortical penicillin focus and homologous contralateral site remained silent during afterdischarge but had a typical burst discharge during the interictal spike. Although these data support a thalamic basis for the rhythm, the lack of an afterdischarge-like oscillation in the thalamic field potential and the independent appearance of afterdischarge and cortical recruiting waves elicited by stimulation of the nucleus reticularis would favor its cortical origin. In accordance with its frequency characteristics and data gained from earlier cooling studies we suggest a cortical mechanism requiring thalamic triggering for the generation of afterdischarge. PMID- 3921398 TI - Retinal degeneration in experimental scrapie after intraperitoneal or subcutaneous inoculation of hamsters. AB - Hamsters injected intraperitoneally or subcutaneously with the scrapie agent developed photoreceptor degeneration. The degree of degeneration did not correlate well with infectivity titers of retinal tissue or stage of clinical encephalopathy, and was not as great as seen in intracerebrally injected animals. We conclude that retinal degeneration is universal in hamsters experimentally inoculated with the scrapie agent regardless of the route of inoculation. PMID- 3921399 TI - Cerebrovascular reactivity to CO2: modulation by arterial pressure. AB - Cerebrovascular reactivity to CO2 (CO2R), measured in halothane-anesthetized rabbits, decreased as arterial pressure was increased either pharmacologically or mechanically. On the other hand, hypotension, induced by bleeding, led to an increase in CO2R. These responses were unaffected by denervation of baroreceptors. PMID- 3921401 TI - Swiss Society of Microbiology: reports of the 43rd annual meeting. Lugano, 26-28 April 1984. Abstracts. PMID- 3921400 TI - Hepatic acid hydrolases of albino rats, Mastomys natalensis and albino mice during Plasmodium berghei infection. AB - Changes in liver acid hydrolase activities during the infection of albino rats, Mastomys or mice with Plasmodium berghei are described. B-Glucosidase, B galactosidase and N-acetyl-B-D-glucosaminidase exhibited widely different responses with acid phosphatase and cathepsin-B the least responsive and are likely to be causally related to immunity of animals. PMID- 3921402 TI - Induction of drug metabolizing enzymes in human liver cell line Hep G2. AB - Human cytochrome P-450, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase and sulphotransferase activities have been measured in the cell line Hep G2 following treatment of cells with 3-methylcholanthrene or phenobarbital. 3-Methylcholanthrene treatment caused a 20-30-fold increase in the O-deethylation of 7-ethoxycoumarin. The glucuronidation and sulphation of the product 7-hydroxycoumarin were increased 36 and 7 fold, respectively. In comparison, phenobarbital treatment did not increase these activities significantly. However, phenobarbital-inducible proteins were identified on "Western blots' using antibodies to a rat liver phenobarbital inducible P-450 form. The molecular masses of the proteins did not coincide with those expected for cytochromes P-450. However, characteristic of P-450 forms, the synthesis of these proteins was suppressed by 3-methylcholanthrene treatment. The Hep G2 cell line represents a potentially useful model for studying the regulation of human P-450 genes. PMID- 3921403 TI - Immunological quantitation of tyrosinase from wild-type and albino mutant mice. AB - The relationship between gene dosage, enzyme activity, and level of immunologically cross-reacting material (CRM) was examined in mammalian tyrosinase (EC 1.14.18.1) by rocket immunoelectrophoresis. Skin extracts from mice heterozygous (C/c) and homozygous (c/c) for the albino locus contain 46% and 0% of CRM, respectively, as compared with wild-type (C/C) animals. Enzyme activity and CRM level were directly proportional in these genotypes, suggesting that the albino locus controls the quantity of tyrosinase produced in melanocytes. PMID- 3921404 TI - A molecular mechanism for the biphasic effect of exogenous arachidonate on platelets. AB - A haemoprotein (Mr approximately 40 000) made up of two apparently identical subunits, and having Soret maximum at 405 nm, but displaying it mostly at about 410 nm or often at 415 nm in crude extracts owing to different bound small molecules, found in platelets of several species, has been purified from calf platelets. The purified protein could bind the stable PGH2 analogue, U-46619, without co-operativity (h = 1.0 and half-maximal saturation concentration, S0.5 = 10 microM) and arachidonate with co-operativity that increased with arachidonate concentration (h increasing from approximately 2 to approximately 4). S0.5 of arachidonate was 1.5 microM. Arachidonate binding to the protein was accompanied by its oligomerization. PMID- 3921405 TI - Studies of extracellular fibronectin matrix formation with fluoresceinated fibronectin and fibronectin fragments. AB - Fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugated human plasma fibronectin, 70-kDa collagen binding, 60-kDa central, 60-kDa heparin-binding, 180-kDa heparin, collagen binding fibronectin fragments and gelatin were used to study extracellular fibronectin matrix formation. Exogenous fibronectin, gelatin, 70-kDa collagen binding and 180-kDa heparin, collagen-binding fragments were shown to be able to bind specifically to preexisting extracellular matrix of living fibroblasts. The results suggest that: (i) Fibronectin matrix formation may occur through a self assembly process; (ii) the NH2-terminal part of fibronectin is responsible for fibronectin-fibronectin interaction during fibronectin fibril formation; (iii) plasma fibronectin may be the source for tissue fibronectin. PMID- 3921406 TI - Maturation of rabbit reticulocytes: susceptibility of mitochondria to ATP dependent proteolysis is determined by the maturational state of reticulocyte. AB - A simple procedure is described to separate reticulocytes of different maturity in high yield. It is shown that exhaustion of supply of mitochondria susceptible to degradation by the lipoxygenase-ATP-dependent proteolysis system limits the extent of breakdown of mitochondria during in vitro maturation. The susceptibility of mitochondria depends on the maturity of the reticulocytes. Incubation in the presence of calcium ions and calcium ionophore leads to full susceptibility of mitochondria in immature reticulocytes but has no effect on those in mature reticulocytes which are already fully susceptible to degradation. Conditions which lead to rapid degradation of mitochondria do not affect the behaviour of the reticulocyte count. There appears to be no obligatory connection between the breakdown of mitochondria and of ribosomes. PMID- 3921407 TI - Phosphoprotein phosphatase inhibitor-2 is phosphorylated at both serine and threonine residues in mouse diaphragm. AB - Phosphoprotein phosphatase inhibitor-2 (i-2) was rapidly isolated from mouse diaphragm extracts by the use of specific antibodies. The i-2 so obtained was associated with ATP-Mg and FA/GSK-3 dependent phosphatase activity, supporting the idea that i-2 is in fact a component of this form of phosphatase. Inhibitor-2 isolated from diaphragms incubated with [32P]phosphate contained both phosphoserine (approximately 90%) and phosphothreonine (approximately 10%). Therefore, i-2 is multiply phosphorylated in mouse diaphragm and the potential exists for control of the ATP-Mg-dependent phosphatase via multiple phosphorylation sites in vivo. PMID- 3921408 TI - Massive bleeding in neurofibromatosis associated with congenital hypofibrinogenaemia: a case report. AB - A 22 year old male who bled profusely at operation for excision of an extensive scalp and facial neurofibromata is reported. He was found to have congenital hypofibrinogenaemia. It is suggested that hypofibrinogenaemia should be considered as a cause of excessive bleeding in cases of Von Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis. PMID- 3921409 TI - Effects of different classes of antiepileptic drugs on brain-stem pathways. AB - Antiepileptic drugs probably act by preventing the spread of the abnormal paroxysmal activity from the epileptogenic focus to surrounding normal neurons. An investigation of the mechanism of action of established anticonvulsant drugs on normal neuronal systems may therefore offer useful insights into the pathogenesis of the seizure disorders that these drugs serve to control. Antiabsence drugs (ethosuximide, valproate) depress reticular inhibitory pathways. Drugs effective against generalized tonic-clonic seizures (phenytoin, carbamazepine, valproate) depress reticular excitatory pathways. Drugs that are also effective against trigeminal neuralgia (phenytoin, carbamazepine) also depress afferent excitation and facilitate segmental inhibition in the trigeminal complex. Drugs that depress afferent excitation and facilitate segmental inhibition but do not depress the reticular system (baclofen) are effective against trigeminal neuralgia but do not have clinical antiepileptic properties. These observations indicate that the ability to depress the reticular core is an important characteristic of antiepileptic drugs, and suggest that the reticular core is involved in the spread and generalization of clinical seizures. PMID- 3921410 TI - Follicle growth curves and hormonal patterns in patients with the luteinized unruptured follicle syndrome. AB - A prospective longitudinal and standardized study is presented, dealing with ultrasonographic and hormonal characteristics of the luteinized unruptured follicle (LUF) syndrome. Among 600 cycles monitored in 270 infertility patients, 40 cycles in 27 patients showed no evidence of follicle rupture, in spite of signs of luteinization, as reflected by basal body temperature recordings and progesterone determinations. In this study, 20 LUF cycles in 20 infertile patients were compared with 45 ovulatory cycles in 45 control women. During the follicular phase, no substantial difference in follicle growth was found, but after the luteinizing hormone peak, LUF follicles, instead of rupturing, showed a typical accelerated growth pattern. Both mean luteinizing hormone peak levels and midluteal progesterone levels were significantly lower in LUF cycles than in the control cycles. However, the duration of the luteal phase was not affected. Both central and local factors can be held responsible for the lack of follicle rupture. Ultrasound offers new possibilities as a noninvasive method in diagnosing the LUF syndrome. PMID- 3921412 TI - Pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone therapy in male patients with Kallmann's syndrome or constitutional delay of puberty. AB - The response to low-dose pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) therapy was tested in three hypogonadotropic hypogonadal male patients and a boy with delayed puberty showing different luteinizing hormone responses (delta LH) to test doses of 25 micrograms GnRH intravenously before treatment. Four male patients, 16 to 20 years of age, three with Kallmann's syndrome and one with idiopathic delay of puberty, received 2 micrograms GnRH subcutaneously every 2 1/2 hours for 3 months by the use of the Zyklomat pump (Ferring GmbH, Kiel, FRG). In two patients with Kallmann's syndrome and decreased delta LH, serum testosterone did not increase during treatment, even after increasing the dosage and changing the route of administration (4 micrograms subcutaneously or 8 micrograms intravenously every 2 1/2 hours for 4 weeks with every dosage). The third patient with Kallmann's syndrome and the boy with delayed puberty, both with normal delta LH, presented normal serum testosterone after 3 months of subcutaneous low-dose treatment. The different responses to a GnRH test dose corresponding to the response to pulsatile GnRH therapy probably reflect different degrees of maturation of the pituitary gonadotrophs. PMID- 3921411 TI - Prolactin response after gonadotropin-releasing hormone in the polycystic ovary syndrome. AB - The administration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) has been shown to stimulate prolactin (PRL) release under certain conditions. The authors compared PRL responses after GnRH in normoprolactinemic patients with the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCO) with those of normal ovulatory women in the follicular phase. Seven of 15 patients had a significant increase in PRL after GnRH, whereas none of the control subjects had a positive response. After 1 week of oral L-dopa, the responders no longer exhibited this positive response. Baseline PRL levels in responding patients with PCO were similar to levels in control subjects, whereas nonresponding patients with PCO had higher PRL levels. Baseline follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)/luteinizing hormone (LH) ratios were higher in patients with a positive response. The positive PRL response after GnRH was not correlated with baseline serum LH, the LH/FSH ratio, delta maximum LH responses, serum testosterone (T), unbound T, or baseline PRL. The positive response correlated positively with serum levels of unbound estradiol (P less than 0.05) and serum unbound estradiol/unbound T ratios (P less than 0.01). These data suggest that under certain conditions a subgroup of patients with PCO may demonstrate a positive PRL response after GnRH. Dopamine, gonadotropins, and estrogen may play a role in this interaction. PMID- 3921413 TI - Sertoli cell only syndrome and normal gonadotropins. PMID- 3921414 TI - Monitoring techniques with clomiphene citrate. PMID- 3921415 TI - Drosophila P element integration in the mouse. AB - A recombinant plasmid containing the Drosophila melanogaster P element transposon was microinjected into mouse zygotes. Dot-blot analysis indicated that one of the newborns contained a single copy of the microinjected DNA per haploid mouse genome equivalent; two other newborns had integrated multiple copies of the P element construct. Southern mapping revealed that the entire plasmid, including both pBR322 sequences and P element sequences, had integrated in each of the three animals. In the two mice carrying multiple copies of the microinjected DNA, the copies appear to be linked in a tandem head-to-tail array. Therefore, in each of the three newborns integration of P element sequences has occurred by a mechanism which is distinct from that observed when the same plasmid is injected into Drosophila embryos. Analysis of DNA from the offspring of one of the transgenic mice showed no indication of transposition of P element sequences. PMID- 3921416 TI - Fate of DNA injected into early Drosophila embryos. AB - Plasmid DNA injected into early Drosophila embryos becomes enclosed in nuclei or nucleus-like structures where it remains at least throughout embryonic development. The fraction remaining in the cytoplasm is gradually degraded. The nuclear fraction is converted to a high-molecular-weight form consisting largely but not exclusively of tandem oligomers. Some of it, however, can occasionally become integrated in the genome. Extensive DNA replication takes place but few, if any, molecules are able to initiate a second round of replication. PMID- 3921417 TI - Immunological analysis of chick notochord and cartilage matrix development with antisera to cartilage matrix macromolecules. AB - Transverse frozen sections from the postcephalic region of stage 9-16 chick embryos and from the wing bud region of stage 17-31 embryos were stained with antibodies to the major extracellular matrix components of cartilage. These probes included unfractionated A1 and A2 antisera to the major cartilage proteoglycan, affinity-purified purified antibodies to the proteoglycan core protein and to Type II collagen, and a monoclonal antibody to keratan sulfate. In embryos as early as stage 10, notochord stained specifically with the keratan sulfate monoclonal antibody. At this stage the notochord, as well as surrounding tissues, were negative to cartilage proteoglycan and collagen antibodies. Positive staining with the latter probes was coordinately acquired by notochord cells and their accompanying sheath around stage 15, while surrounding tissues remained negative. At this stage, the ventral region of the perispinal cord sheath exhibited light staining with the proteoglycan and keratan sulfate antibodies though failing to react to Type II collagen antibodies. Positive staining of notochord and ventral spinal cord persisted through later developmental stages. As revealed by immunofluorescence, definitive vertebral chondroblasts first emerged at approximately stage 23 and definitive limb chondroblasts at stage 25. The results are discussed in terms of the possible multiple roles of notochord in early embryogenesis. PMID- 3921418 TI - Effects of 6-hydroxydopamine-induced catecholamine depletion on shock precipitated wall climbing of infant rat pups. AB - Sprague-Dawley rat pups were intracisternally injected with 6-hydroxydopamine (6OHDA) or vehicle on postnatal Day 3 and tested for footshock-precipitated wall climbing behavior every 48 hr from postnatal Days 5 through 17. The 6OHDA treatment was observed to lower brain catecholamine levels, particularly in forebrain, and to decrease the incidence of wall climbing. This attenuation in the amount of wall climbing did not appear to be related to any neurotoxin induced alterations in general motor activity, body weight, or body temperature. It also did not appear that the depression in wall climbing seen in 6OHDA-treated animals was related to an observed neurotoxin-induced increase in shock sensitivity, given that amount of wall climbing was observed to be positively correlated with footshock intensity. These results provide further support that catecholaminergic systems are involved in the elicitation of wall climbing behavior. The 6OHDA treatment did not alter the ontogenetic time course of disappearance of this behavior pattern, suggesting that maturational changes occurring in forebrain catecholaminergic terminals may not be critical for the dissipation of wall climbing following the second postnatal week. PMID- 3921419 TI - Plasma apolipoproteins AI, AII, B, CI, and E are glucosylated in hyperglycemic diabetic subjects. AB - Nonenzymatic posttranslational glucosylation of the free amine of lysine residues can occur in hyperglycemic diabetic subjects. Using monoclonal antibodies that specifically bind the reduced conjugate of glucose covalently bound to the epsilon amine of lysine, glucitollysine, plasma lipoprotein glucosylation was demonstrated by radioimmunoassays in all subjects tested. Lipoproteins isolated from the plasma of diabetic subjects in poor metabolic control contained up to 33 fold increases in glucitollysine residues/mg of isolated lipoprotein protein, and on an absolute basis contained between 36 and 383 nmol of glucitollysine in their total lipoprotein fraction compared with normals, who had a mean of 2.9 +/- 0.06 nmol. The majority of the glucosylated protein in the d less than 1.125 g/ml fraction was present in the triglyceride-rich lipoproteins of hyperglycemic subjects, whereas the majority of the glucosylated protein in the d less than 1.125 g/ml fraction of euglycemic subjects was present in the high-density lipoproteins (HDL). A number of immunochemical approaches were used to demonstrate that, in diabetic plasma, apo AI, apo AII, apo B, apo CI, apo E, and albumin were glucosylated. Detailed studies of the apoproteins of a d less than or equal to 1.019 g/ml lipoprotein fraction and of an HDL fraction isolated from a hyperglycemic diabetic subject indicated that glucitollysine-specific antibodies can be used to preparatively isolate proteins containing glucosylated amino acid residues so that the extent of glucosylation in specific proteins can be measured. The results indicate that some of the lysine residues of the apoproteins can be modified in hyperglycemic diabetic subjects by the covalent attachment of glucose. The possible significance of these observations is discussed. PMID- 3921420 TI - Effect of exogenous phospholipase A2 on insulin secretion from perifused rat islets. AB - Treatment of isolated, perifused rat islets with exogenous PLA2 in amounts ranging from 1 to 1000 mU/ml caused a dose-dependent increase in the rate of insulin secretion. This effect of PLA2 was rapid and seen in the absence of added exogenous fuel. It differed from glucose-induced insulin release in temporal pattern: high concentrations of PLA2 caused a single phase of secretion, and high levels of glucose caused a biphasic pattern of secretion. Like glucose-induced release, PLA2-induced release was partially dependent on extracellular calcium because D600 caused a significant inhibition of release induced by PLA2 at 5 mU/ml. Concentrations of BW755c and NDGA, inhibitors of both the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase or only the lipoxygenase pathways of arachidonic acid metabolism, which completely blocked the insulin secretory response to 10 mM glucose, had no effect on the secretory response to 5 mU/ml of PLA2. These inhibitors also inhibited glucose usage by the islets. Finally, although repeated brief exposure of islets to stimulatory concentrations of glucose lead to a progressive increase in the magnitude of both the first and second phases of insulin secretion, repeated brief exposures to PLA2 lead to a progressive decrease in response to each new exposure. Nonetheless, those islets that had been exposed several times to exogenous PLA2, and no longer displayed a response to a further PLA2 exposure, responded normally to the addition of 10 mM glucose. These results indicate that PLA2 is a potent insulin secretagogue, that it shares some of the characteristics of glucose as a secretagogue, but that in many significant ways differs markedly from glucose in its effects on insulin release from isolated islets. PMID- 3921421 TI - Effect of lead, polychlorinated biphenyls, and cyclophosphamide on rat natural killer cells, interleukin 2, and antibody synthesis. AB - Interleukin 2 (IL2) activity, natural killer cell (NKC) cytotoxicity, and serum antibody (Ab) levels were assessed in rats exposed to 10 or 1000 ppm lead (Pb) as lead acetate in the drinking water or 50 or 500 ppm polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) as Aroclor 1254 in the feed for 10 weeks or injected one time with 75 mg/kg cyclophosphamide (CY). Assays for IL2 activity and NKC cytotoxicity were also performed following in vitro exposure of rat splenocytes to Pb (0.4 or 40 micrograms/ml) or PCB (0.4 or 20.0 micrograms/ml) for 24 hr in vitro. NKC cytotoxicity and IL2 activity were significantly suppressed following in vitro exposure to either Pb or PCB. Chronic exposure to PCB, but not Pb, significantly reduced NKC cytolytic activity and significantly elevated Con A-stimulated IL2 activity. Ab synthesis was significantly suppressed in groups of rats chronically exposed to Pb or PCB. CY-injected rats had significantly reduced IL2 activity, NKC cytotoxicity, and Ab levels. High background levels of IL2, presumably induced by KLH injections shortly before termination, were significantly suppressed in PCB-, Pb-, and CY-treated rats. This suppression of IL2 activity was completely reversed by in vitro stimulation with Con A in Pb- or PCB-, but not CY-, treated groups. These results indicate that PCB, Pb, and CY alter IL2 synthesis and adversely affect NKC cytotoxicity and Ab synthesis following in vivo or in vitro exposure. The effects of PCB on NKC cytotoxicity may partially explain the tumor-promoting effect of this chemical via compromising immunosurveillance. PMID- 3921422 TI - Toxicology of indecainide hydrochloride in mice, rats, and dogs. AB - Indecainide is a new (investigational) drug for treating cardiac arrhythmias. When given orally to either young adult rats or mice, the LD50 was ca. 100 mg/kg. Leg weakness, tremors, and occasional convulsions were seen in rodents given doses in the lethal range. Dogs and monkeys survived a single oral dose of 25 mg/kg; however, there was a pronounced increase in duration of the PR and QRS intervals. In a 3-month subchronic toxicity study, rats fed dietary levels equivalent to 20 mg/kg/day indecainide were unaffected. Body weight gain was slightly depressed in both sexes of the 40-mg/kg dose group and moderately reduced in both sexes of the 85-mg/kg dose group. Alkaline phosphatase values were minimally increased in females of the 85-mg/kg dose group. In a 3-month subchronic toxicity study, dogs were given daily doses of 0, 6.25, 12.5, or 25 mg/kg indecainide. One male in the 12.5-mg/kg dose group and two females in the 25-mg/kg dose group died during the study. EKG recordings showed a prolongation of the PR and QRS intervals in all treated dogs. In addition, there was a notch in or just prior to the R wave. There were no histopathology findings related to treatment in rats and dogs in the 3-month subchronic rat and dog studies. PMID- 3921423 TI - The effect of direct charges on consultations in family practice: a study of a doctors' strike. AB - Experience accumulated during the doctors' strike of 1983 in Israel was analysed to compare the effect on the work of the family doctor of direct-charge as against pre-paid insurance arrangements, in three different settings--suburban, rural and working-class small town. The imposition of direct charges greatly reduced the consultation rate; more of the patients consulting received prescriptions, especially for antibiotics; laboratory investigation, referral and admission to hospital were unchanged, but referral for specialist consultation was reduced; the most frequently seen diagnostic categories remained respiratory diseases and undefined signs or symptoms, but pneumonia was seen much more frequently; there was no change in the proportion of follow-up visits, but house calls were more frequent. These trends were stable over the four-month period of the strike, and partial reimbursement of the fee did not change the picture significantly. The evidence did not conclusively support the hypothesis that direct charges selectively deter trivial complainers. PMID- 3921424 TI - Environmental control of prolactin synthesis in the teleost fish Oreochromis (formerly Sarotherodon) mossambicus. AB - In the cichlid fish Oreochromis mossambicus prolactin cell activity is inversely related to the osmolarity and the Ca2+ concentration of the ambient water. Prolactin cell activity was estimated, at the end of a 3-week experimental period, by determination of the rate of prolactin synthesis during incubation of the rostral parts of the pituitary gland, in the presence of [3H]lysine. Since the secretory activity of isolated prolactin cells is known to be inversely related to the osmolarity of the incubation medium, the possibility was investigated that the effects of changes in ionic composition of the ambient water on prolactin secretion in vivo are mediated by changes in osmolarity of the blood plasma. No support was found for this hypothesis. In fish exposed to high water osmolarities prolactin cell activity was reduced, while plasma osmolarity increased. In contrast, at high Ca2+ concentrations of the water, when prolactin secretion was inhibited to a similar extent, plasma osmolarity was significantly reduced. Although direct effects of plasma osmolarity on prolactin cells cannot be excluded completely, it is unlikely that plasma osmolarity is the predominant factor in the control of prolactin cell activity in situ. The physiological significance of the capacity of isolated prolactin cells to respond to changes in osmolarity of the ambient medium--a capacity shared with some other endocrine cell types--is therefore unclear. PMID- 3921425 TI - Effect of temperature and darkness on testosterone concentration in the testes of intact frogs (Rana esculenta) treated with gonadotrophin-releasing hormone analog (HOE 766). AB - Testicular testosterone was determined by radioimmunoassay in the frog (Rana esculenta) kept in total darkness, at a high or a low temperature (24 or 4 degrees C), and treated with a gonadotrophin-releasing hormone analog (GnRHa, HOE 766). Prolonged exposure to dark conditions seemed to inhibit hypotalamic functions. Moreover, it is shown that high temperature interacts positively with GnRHa treatment on testicular testosterone concentration. PMID- 3921426 TI - A two-stage model for the control of rDNA magnification. AB - Males of the genotype bb/Ybb- have been shown to produce both magnified (bbm+) and, less frequently, reduced (bbrl) X chromosomes. An analysis of the progeny of single magnifying bb/Ybb- males reveals that bbm+ revertants may be recovered either as rare single events or, more frequently, in large clusters. To analyze the role of the bb phenotype in the induction of rDNA magnification we have constructed a series of bb and bb+ derivatives of Ybb-. Males carrying an X chromosomal bb allele and one of these derivatives (bb/bbYbb- or bb/bb+Ybb-) produce small numbers (one to two) of bbm+ progeny at a frequency similar to that observed for bb/Ybb- males but do not produce large clusters of bbm+ revertants. In addition, bb/bb+Ybb- males produce essentially equal numbers of magnified (bbm+) and reduced (bbrl) X chromosomes. These data, together with a consideration of the growth properties of the male germline in Drosophila, suggest that magnification/reduction may occur at two different times during development. Those events that give rise to large clusters, and, thus, necessarily arise early in germ cell development, appear to be dependent on the bb phenotype. However, those events that give rise to single bbm+ chromosomes arise late in spermatogenesis, probably at meiosis, and are independent of the bb phenotype. PMID- 3921427 TI - Sequence evolution of Drosophila mitochondrial DNA. AB - We have compared nucleotide sequences of corresponding segments of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) molecules of Drosophila yakuba and Drosophila melanogaster, which contain the genes for six proteins and seven tRNAs. The overall frequency of substitution between the nucleotide sequences of these protein genes is 7.2%. As was found for mtDNAs from closely related mammals, most substitutions (86%) in Drosophila mitochondrial protein genes do not result in an amino acid replacement. However, the frequencies of transitions and transversions are approximately equal in Drosophila mtDNAs, which is in contrast to the vast excess of transitions over transversions in mammalian mtDNAs. In Drosophila mtDNAs the frequency of C----T substitutions per codon in the third position is 2.5 times greater among codons of two-codon families than among codons of four codon families; this is contrary to the hypothesis that third position silent substitutions are neutral in regard to selection. In the third position of codons of four-codon families transversions are 4.6 times more frequent than transitions and A----T substitutions account for 86% of all transversions. Ninety-four percent of all codons in the Drosophila mtDNA segments analyzed end in A or T. However, as this alone cannot account for the observed high frequency of A----T substitutions there must be either a disproportionately high rate of A----T mutation in Drosophila mtDNA or selection bias for the products of A----T mutation. --Consideration of the frequencies of interchange of AGA and AGT codons in the corresponding D. yakuba and D. melanogaster mitochondrial protein genes provides strong support for the view that AGA specifies serine in the Drosophila mitochondrial genetic code. PMID- 3921428 TI - Multilocus population genetics with weak epistasis. I. Equilibrium properties of two-locus two-allele models. AB - Using perturbation techniques, I determine the equilibrium of two-locus two allele models with overdominance and weak epistasis. To lowest order, the allele frequencies, the mean fitness and the covariance between heterokaryotic and homokaryotic flies arising in the Sturtevant experimental design are independent of the recombination rate, r. The disequilibrium varies as one divided by the recombination rate, in contrast to neutral models. Although the disequilibrium generated by weak epistasis is small, too small to be experimentally detected, it can be large enough to have biological importance. PMID- 3921429 TI - [Regulator mutants for the synthesis of a 2d purine nucleoside phosphorylase in Escherichia coli K-12. II. Mapping and study of the dominance of pndR mutations]. AB - The synthesis of a second purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNPII) in the wild type strains of Escherichia coli K-12 is induced by xanthosine. Three types of pndR mutants were studied, which are altered in regulation of PNPII synthesis: 1) constitutive, 2) inducible by nucleosides of hypoxantine and adenine as much as by xanthosine and 3) defective in synthesis of PNPII. All pndR mutations are located in transductional crosses on 51 min of E. coli genetic map. The order of genes established is as follows: pndR-ptsH-cysA. Mutations of the first and second type are dominant, while pndR21 mutation of the third type is recessive to the pndR+ allele on F' episome. The data obtained support the suggestion that the product of pndR regulatory gene is an activator protein necessary for the expression of the PNPII structural gene. PMID- 3921430 TI - [Excision process of integrated plasmid pBD12 from the Bacillus subtilis chromosome]. AB - We studied the behavior of pBD12 plasmid integrated into Bacillus subtilis chromosome via homologous recombination. One copy of the plasmid was integrated into the chromosome, it conferred resistance to low concentrations of antibiotics. Clones with enhanced resistance bearing autonomous plasmid DNAs appeared with a frequency 10(-6) in rec+ but not in recE strain with the integrated plasmid. By restriction and hybridization analysis of some excised plasmids, the sites of excision were determined, chromosomal location of pBD12 plasmid was found to be at the terminal fragment of prophage DNA, so that the att site of phi 105 phage is supposed to be situated on the EcoRI fragment of phage DNA. PMID- 3921431 TI - The terminally ill elderly: dealing with the ethics of feeding. PMID- 3921432 TI - Treating long-stay patients in acute hospital beds: an economic diagnosis. PMID- 3921433 TI - Selection of long-term care arrangements by older community residents. PMID- 3921434 TI - [Serum concentration of arachidonic acid in hypertriglyceridemic pregnant women. Preliminary report]. PMID- 3921435 TI - [1-stage partial lung resection for tuberculosis and diverticulectomy of the esophagus]. PMID- 3921436 TI - Chemical induction of ovarian tumors in rats. AB - The production and pathogenesis of ovarian cancer was investigated in noninbred albino weanling female rats by surgical fixation into the left ovaries of sutures chemically impregnated with the chemical carcinogens formic acid 2-[4-(5-nitro-2 furyl)-2-thiazolyl]hydrazide (FNT), a nitrofuran antibiotic; N-methyl-N' nitrosourea (MNU), a direct-acting alkylating agent; or 7,12 dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA). Rats living more than 30 days following surgery were subjected to complete necropsy of external, thoracic, and abdominal tissues when they died or were killed at 407 days, the study termination. Mean survival of rats in treated and control groups was comparable. All carcinogen-treated rats exposed to FNT, MNU, or DMBA developed one or more ovarian, uterine, or mammary neoplasms with a total of 31 tumors in 22 rats as compared with no tumors in 5 control rats. All carcinogen-treated rats (22) developed ovarian adenomas (18) or adenocarcinomas (4); 3 developed uterine fibroadenomas (1) or squamous cell carcinomas (2); and 6 developed mammary adenocarcinomas. No neoplasms were present in the right ovaries of carcinogen-treated rats. These data suggest that direct application of carcinogens to ovarian tissue is a satisfactory way to develop ovarian adenoma and adenocarcinoma. PMID- 3921438 TI - Retardation in gonadotropin-secreting function of the pituitary during the early puerperium in women with postpartum hemorrhage but without circulatory collapse. AB - Recovery of gonadotropin-secreting function of the pituitary during the early puerperium has been studied in women with postpartum hemorrhage of 500 g and more during the first 2 h after expulsion of the placenta but without circulatory collapse. On day 4 postpartum, the concentrations of erythrocytes, hemoglobin, and hematocrit were significantly lower in puerperal women with postpartum hemorrhage than in normal puerperal women. On day 20 postpartum, administration of 100 micrograms synthetic luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) significantly increased serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), but not luteinizing hormone, in puerperal women with severe postpartum hemorrhage of more than 1,000 g, but the FSH response to LHRH was significantly lower in these women than in normal women on the same postpartum day. All puerperal women were lactating and there was no significant difference in serum prolactin levels between normal puerperal women and puerperal women with postpartum hemorrhage. These results indicate that blood loss in the amount of more than 1,000 g during the first 2 h after expulsion of the placenta may cause perturbation to some extent in recovery of gonadotropin-secreting function of the pituitary during the early puerperium, even if there are no complications by circulatory collapse and disabled lactation. PMID- 3921437 TI - Recurrent ovarian carcinoma: retreatment utilizing combination chemotherapy including cis-diamminedichloroplatinum in patients previously responding to this agent. AB - Eleven women with advanced ovarian cancer treated postoperatively with combination chemotherapy (cytoxan, hexamethylmelamine, Adriamycin, and cis platinum) had disease-free intervals of 5 to 46 months (mean: 22 months) and subsequently developed recurrent carcinoma. Each patient was then retreated with combination chemotherapy which included cis-platinum. There was a 72% response rate to retreatment (36% complete, 36% partial). These overall and complete remission rates are comparable to those of platinum-based combination chemotherapy in patients without prior treatment. Those patients who responded to retreatment had a significantly longer mean survival rate than those who did not. PMID- 3921439 TI - Ascorbate-dependent lipid peroxidation in the human placenta and fetal membranes. AB - The ascorbate-dependent lipid peroxidation in the microsomal fraction of at term placentas and fetal membranes were studied. In preliminary experiments, the optimum conditions for the measurement of this reaction were determined. Lipid peroxidation was significantly higher in the chorion and amnion compared to the placenta. In both fetal membranes, but not in the placenta, the reaction was enhanced by arachidonic acid and inhibited by indomethacin. The results indicate that the ascorbate-dependent lipid peroxidation in the fetal membranes is specific for prostaglandin synthetase activity and that these tissues are a major site of prostaglandin synthesis. PMID- 3921440 TI - [The modes of anti-inflammatory and analgesic actions of aspirin and salicylic acid]. AB - The modes of anti-inflammatory and analgesic actions of aspirin and salicylic acid were investigated using some experimental animal models. Anti-inflammatory potencies of aspirin were almost equal to those of sodium salicylate in the carrageenin hind paw edema, the cotton pellet granuloma and the adjuvant arthritis tests in rats. On the other hand, in the ultra-violet ray erythema and the arachidonic acid erythema tests in guinea pigs, aspirin was more potent than sodium salicylate. Aspirin and sodium salicylate exhibited almost the same inhibitions of the rat hind paw edema induced by a mixture of carrageenin and prostaglandin E1. These results suggest that inhibition of cyclo-oxygenase by aspirin does not play any important roles for the prevention of the vascular permeability increment and the granulation in the inflamed tissue. Aspirin may exert its antiinflammatory activity mainly as salicylic acid which is not an inhibitor of prostaglandins biosynthesis in vitro. Aspirin showed about 5 times more potent analgesic action than sodium salicylate in the lameness test using adjuvant arthritic rats. Analgesic potency of aspirin was decreased to the level of sodium salicylate by injection of prostaglandin E2 into the inflamed rat paw in the adjuvant-induced lameness test. On the other hand, analgesic potency of sodium salicylate was not decreased by the same treatment. It is concluded that aspirin has two analgesic effects on the inflammatory pain, one is inhibition of prostaglandins biosynthesis by acetylation of cyclo-oxygenase and the other is an action due to salicylic acid, but the action of salicylic acid was not totally explained by the inhibition of prostaglandins synthetase. PMID- 3921441 TI - The appearance of the tarsal navicular after posteromedial release for clubfoot. AB - Sixty-one idiopathic clubfeet in 46 patients of an older population were treated by one-stage posteromedial release. Follow-up roentgenograms revealed dorsal subluxation of the tarsal navicular in 43% of the clubfeet. This abnormality is probably due to both closed manipulation and casting, and improper positioning of the navicular during posteromedial release. However, dorsal navicular subluxation did not adversely affect the results of treatment observed over the follow-up period that averaged nearly 6 1/2 years. Medial subluxation of the navicular was associated with unsatisfactory results, whereas a centrally located or laterally subluxed navicular generally produced good or excellent results. Other abnormalities of the navicular noted included wedging and avascular necrosis. The long-term consequences of these various abnormalities of the roentgenographic appearance and position of the navicular are not known. PMID- 3921442 TI - [Treatment of chronic polyarthritis with diclofenac. Crossover study with a new preparation form in comparison to the standard preparation]. PMID- 3921443 TI - [On the dilemma of hunger strike, force feeding and medical responsibility]. PMID- 3921444 TI - Cutaneous papulo-vesicular eruptions in non-A, non-B hepatitis. AB - A relapsing papulo-vesicular rash with or without pruritus was observed in 54 out of 148 patients (36%) with posttransfusion or sporadic, acute or chronic, non-A, non-B (NANB) hepatitis. The predominant location was the trunk and the anterior surfaces of the upper extremities. The face was affected less often. The eruptive phase was accompanied by general symptoms and increases in aminotransferases and gamma-GT values. The nature of the eruption was consistent with cutaneous reactions as frequently seen in enterovirus infections. No predominance was found for special groups of patients when the skin lesions were correlated to either sex, mode of infection or pattern of transaminase elevation (i.e. monophasic or bi-, and multi-phasic). PMID- 3921446 TI - [Evaluation of bacterial growth rate by the ATP-bioluminescence method (luciferase assay)--comparison with conventional methods and application to clinical studies]. AB - Bacterial growth rate was evaluated by estimating the increase in ATP content of cultures of bacterial suspensions using luciferase assay, and the method was applied to the estimation of bactericidal activity of serum and anti-bacterial activity of antibiotics. The results obtained were as follows: The bacterial numbers or bacterial growth rate determined by the ATP-Bioluminescence method was in accordance with those by CFU assay and spectrometrical assay by optical density readings. Furthermore this method was confirmed to be non-time-consuming and more simple than other methods. Using this method, anti-bacterial activity of fresh serum was evaluated. The serum suppressed the growth rate of E. coli, Str. fecalis, CBS, Kleb. pneumoniae and Staph. aureus at least for 2 hours. Heat inactivated serum and absorbed serum with bacteria tended to lose such suppressive effect. Thus the main effective factors seem to be complements and specific antibody. The anti-microbial activity of antibiotics was enhanced by addition of fresh serum to bacterial cultures, and the results were not in accordance with those by the conventional Disc method. Thus the sensitivity test under the influence of fresh serum is recommended in order to know the clinical effect of antibiotics. These results suggest the usefulness of ATP Bioluminescence method in the clinical laboratory examinations or investigations. PMID- 3921445 TI - Visual evoked potential recordings in hepatic encephalopathy and their variations during branched chain amino-acid treatment. AB - In fourteen subjects with various stages of hepatic encephalopathy (HE), Visual Evoked Potential (VEP) recording and blood ammonia (NH3), octopamine (OCT) and phenylethanolamine (PEA) determinations were performed before and during a four day treatment with branched chain amino acid (BCAA) i.v. infusion. All the subjects with HE showed significant basal VEP alterations, namely an increased latency and a lowered amplitude of the P100 wave, in comparison with a control group of 26 normal subjects. A significant improvement in P100 wave amplitude occurred just about 60' after the beginning of BCAA infusion, while P100 latency was still unaffected, as were OCT, PEA and NH3 levels. After the fourth day of BCAA treatment, both P100 wave amplitudes and latencies were strongly improved, together with OCT, PEA and NH3 levels. VEP improvements seemed to be well correlated with HE clinical evolution, and were able to detect modifications of central nervous system reactivity earlier than serum parameters. PMID- 3921447 TI - Serum thyroxine and triiodothyronine concentrations in rats receiving lithium carbonate. AB - Circulating thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations in rats were determined after various periods of lithium administration in diet. No significant change in serum T4 and T3 levels was observed after ten days of lithium treatment. However, lithium treatment for one month, two months and four months showed a significant decrease in serum T4 and T3 levels indicating the adverse effect of chronic lithium intake. PMID- 3921448 TI - Interaction between human pancreatic growth hormone releasing factor (hpGRF) and thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) on growth hormone secretion in domestic fowl. PMID- 3921449 TI - Involvement of the autonomic nervous system in the in vivo TRH-induced increases in the plasma levels of glucagon, insulin and glucose in rabbits. AB - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone, TRH, increases the plasma levels of glucagon, insulin, glucose and free fatty acids in rabbits. However, TRH has no direct effects on the release of hormones neither from the endocrine pancreas in humans nor from the isolated perfused rat pancreas. The aim of the present study was to investigate if the effects of TRH in rabbits were mediated by the autonomic nervous system. The TRH "Roche"-induced hyperglucagonemia was inhibited by phentolamine (an alpha-receptor blocking drug), yohimbine (an alpha-2 -receptor blocking drug) and atropine. The TRH "Roche"-induced hyperinsulinemia was inhibited by propranolol (a beta-receptor blocking drug). The TRH "Roche"-induced hyperglycemia was inhibited by all four drugs. The TRH "Roche"-induced increases in the plasma levels of free fatty acids were not inhibited by the sympathetic and parasympathetic blocking drugs. The effects of TRH "Roche" on the plasma levels of glucagon, insulin and glucose cannot be explained by increases in the plasma levels of catecholamines. TRH, given intravenously into rabbits, may possibly act on regions in the central nervous system which control carbohydrate metabolism and the release of glucagon and insulin from the endocrine pancreas by sympathetic and parasympathetic mechanisms. PMID- 3921450 TI - Salmon calcitonin-like immunoactivity in extracts of Tetrahymena pyriformis. AB - Acid extracts of Tetrahymena pyriformis, a ciliated protozoan grown in defined medium revealed the presence of materials with salmon-type calcitonin immunoactivity. These findings add support to earlier reports of the presence of materials closely resembling vertebrate peptide hormones in unicellular microbes. PMID- 3921451 TI - Panel: Payment changes push hospitals to consider capitation mechanisms. PMID- 3921452 TI - Glomerular matrix proteins in nodular glomerulosclerosis in association with light chain deposition disease and diabetes mellitus. AB - The diagnosis of light chain deposition nephropathy is based on the immunohistochemical demonstration of monoclonal light chain deposits within connective tissue matrix and on the presence at the ultrastructural level of electron-dense granular deposits along glomerular and tubular basement membranes. A nodular glomerulopathy characterized by amorphous periodic acid-Schiff-positive and argyrophilic widened mesangium and nodules is described in three patients with light chain deposition nephropathy. Light microscopic examination did not allow discrimination between the glomerular changes found in these specimens and the nodular glomerulosclerosis described in four patients with well-documented diabetes mellitus. Electron microscopic examination revealed microtubular fibrils 10 to 12 nm thick in mesangial areas in both groups. Such microfibrils could be glycoproteins. Immunofluorescence localization of matrix proteins, by staining with affinity-purified antibodies to types I, III, IV, and V (A, B) collagens, fibronectin, laminin, and heparan sulfate-containing proteoglycans, showed similar distributions in the two conditions. The mechanism of this abnormal accumulation of mesangial and glomerular basement membrane matrix proteins in two different conditions remains unknown. PMID- 3921453 TI - Cytogenetic analyses utilizing various clastogens in two sibs with Fanconi anemia, their relatives, and control individuals. AB - Structural chromosome damage, sister chromatid exchange (SCE), and proliferation kinetics were studied on lymphocyte cultures from the peripheral blood of two sibs exhibiting signs of Fanconi anemia, their relatives, and control individuals. While the rate of spontaneous chromosome breakage was at the lower limit of that known for Fanconi anemia in our patients, a distinctly greater increase than in controls of breakage frequency could be induced by isoniazid (INH), 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (NQO), and diepoxybutane (DEB) in their lymphocytes. Increased aberration frequencies as compared with controls were also observed in the clastogen-exposed lymphocyte cultures of the parents of both sibs, but in some experiments (NQO, DEB 24 h) only in the cells of the healthy brother. There was an increase in the breakage rate of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labeled consecutive mitoses under the action of NQO, but a decrease with INH as the test clastogen. No significantly higher SCE frequency was found throughout the study in untreated and clastogen-exposed FA lymphocytes as compared with the respective controls. Proliferation was clearly inhibited by INH and NQO as indicated by a distinct increase of the percentage of BrdU-labeled first and a drastic decrease of third metaphases. The present test clastogens were shown not only to be suitable for ensuring the diagnosis of FA in patients with a low incidence of spontaneous breakage but also for determining clastogen-sensitive heterozygotes. According to these results cross-link repair cannot be the only mechanism affected by the basic defect of Fanconi anemia. PMID- 3921454 TI - The chromosomal localization of human beta-galactosidase revisited: a locus for beta-galactosidase on human chromosome 3 and for its protective protein on human chromosome 22. AB - A series of man-Chinese hamster and man-mouse somatic cell hybrids was investigated to study the localization of the genes coding for the human lysosomal enzyme beta-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23) and for its protective protein. Using a monoclonal antibody, raised against human placental beta-galactosidase, it was observed that the structural locus for the beta-galactosidase polypeptide is located on chromosome 3. The nature of the involvement of chromosome 22 in the expression of human beta-galactosidase was elucidated by metabolic labelling of the hybrids with radioactive amino acids, immunoprecipitation with monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies against beta-galactosidase, followed by analysis via gel electrophoresis and fluorography. The data show that the presence of chromosome 22 coincides with the presence of a 32 kd protein. This polypeptide, the "protective protein" was previously shown to be intimately associated with human beta-galactosidase. In addition, the protective protein was found to be essential for the in vivo stability of beta-galactosidase by aggregating beta-galactosidase monomers into high molecular weight multimers. Both chromosome 3 and 22 are therefore necessary to obtain normal levels of beta-galactosidase activity in human cells. PMID- 3921455 TI - Serum anti-lipid A antibodies in multiple myeloma and Waldenstrom's macroglobulinaemia. AB - Anti-lipid A antibodies were determined in sera from 38 patients with IgG multiple myeloma, 33 patients with IgA multiple myeloma and 38 patients with Waldenstrom's macroglobulinaemia using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Compared to 34 healthy adults, significantly (p less than 0.025, p less than 0.005, p less than 0.0025) lower serum anti-lipid A antibody levels were measured for the respective patient groups. Low anti-lipid A antibody levels correlated with a higher infection rate with gram-negative bacteria in patients with monoclonal B-cell malignancies. The highest infection rate was seen in patients with simultaneous low anti-lipid A levels and secondary antibody deficiency. PMID- 3921456 TI - Recombinant human interleukin 2 acts as a B cell growth and differentiation promoting factor. AB - Human B cells appropriately activated by a B cell mitogen are rendered susceptible to human Interleukin 2 (IL-2) as demonstrated with recombinant human IL-2 (rec. h IL-2). They show increased proliferation and drastically enhanced immunoglobulin secretion. Susceptibility to IL-2 is accompanied with the expression of the IL-2 receptor (Tac antigen) on B cells. The data suggest that IL-2 is one of the lymphokines directly involved in the activation of B lymphocytes. PMID- 3921457 TI - Cellular and growth factor requirements for the direct and indirect oxidative induction of interleukin 2 responsiveness in human thymocytes. AB - Human thymocytes were separated by peanut agglutinin (PNA) into PNA+ and PNA- cell fractions, and directly oxidized by the combined action of the enzymes neuraminidase and galactose oxidase (NAGO). Such treatment resulted in the induction of interleukin 2 (IL-2) responsiveness in PNA- cells but not in PNA+ cells. The molecular basis for the poor IL-2 responsiveness of PNA+ cells resides in their inability to express sufficient amounts of IL-2 receptors in response to NAGO treatment. Irradiated oxidized PNA+ or PNA- cells are able to transmit an oxidative mitogenic signal to autologous native PNA- cells but not to PNA+ cells. Depletion of plastic adherent cells from the PNA+ subpopulation totally abolished its high potency for the indirect signal transduction, whereas accessory cell depleted PNA- cells were affected to a lesser extent. Nonspecific esterase staining indicated that human thymic macrophages/monocytes are PNA+ cells. In spite of their small number (less than 0.5% of the total thymus cells) they appear to be very active in the indirect oxidative signal transmission. Unlike the indirect system, direct oxidative mitogenesis is independent of accessory cells. Attempts to detect NAGO-dependent IL-2 receptor inducing soluble factors were fruitless and there is a strict need for cell-cell interaction for the indirect transmission of the oxidative mitogenic signal. PMID- 3921459 TI - [4th joint annual meeting of the German and Austrian Study Group for Artificial Nutrition. Heidelberg, 21-23 March 1985. Abstracts]. PMID- 3921458 TI - Immunoprophylaxis of epidemic non-A non-B hepatitis. PMID- 3921460 TI - [Experiences with totally implantable catheter systems in home parenteral nutrition]. AB - Totally implantable catheter systems have proved their qualification in patients treated with intravenous chemotherapy. These systems appear to have also advantages in patients requiring home parenteral nutrition. The risks of infection can be minimized, daily dressing changes are not necessary, and the cosmetic appearance is not influenced. PMID- 3921461 TI - Effect of genetic modification of antibody responsiveness on resistance to Toxoplasma gondii infection. AB - Resistance to Toxoplasma gondii infection was studied in the high (H/f) and low (L/f) antibody responder lines of mice that were selected on the basis of quantitative antibody responsiveness to the flagellar antigen of Salmonella (selection III). No interline difference was observed in resistance to a highly virulent strain of T. gondii. In contrast, H/f mice were much more resistant than L/f mice to a moderately virulent strain of T. gondii: a 5000-fold difference in terms of the 50% lethal dose was found. The degree of resistance in (H/f X L/f)F1 hybrids was intermediate compared with that in parental lines for both mortality and survival time. The antibody titers to Toxoplasma antigens measured during the course of the infection were significantly higher in H/f than in L/f mice. This interline difference was underestimated because parasite multiplication occurs faster in L/f mice, which increases antigenic stimulation. The stronger resistance of H/f mice is probably due to their higher capacity of antibody production in the course of infection. PMID- 3921462 TI - Structure and surface exposure of protein IIs of Neisseria gonorrhoeae JS3. AB - Colonies of Neisseria gonorrhoeae JS3, each bearing a predominate protein II (PII) type, were derived from a progenitor transparent colony. Five distinct PIIs were identified and isolated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The PII bands were excised from gels of unlabeled whole cells and from gels containing lysates of surface-radioiodinated bacteria. These were subjected to alpha-chymotrypsin digestion and two-dimensional peptide mapping, which allowed for a comparison of both the primary structures of the PIIs and the identification of surface-exposed regions of the molecules. The results demonstrated that PIIs are unrelated to either Protein I or Protein III in structure but are closely related to one another, sharing about two-thirds of the peptides generated by alpha-chymotrypsin. The remaining third of the peptides varied with each PII, resulting in unique portions of the molecule being exposed on the bacterial surface. However, the variable peptides were not always among the exposed peptides, suggesting that the structural differences in the PIIs occur at a discrete site (or sites) of the PII molecule and not randomly throughout the protein. Such alterations can result in the exposure of distant, nonvariant portions of the molecule to the surface, perhaps by conformational changes. These bacteria can thus present a variety of new immunodeterminant sites to the host during the course of disease. PMID- 3921463 TI - Antibody response to phenolic glycolipid I in inbred mice immunized with Mycobacterium leprae. AB - The level of circulating antibody to phenolic glycolipid I of Mycobacterium leprae was determined in 18 inbred strains of mice after immunization with M. leprae organisms. By using a solid-phase radioimmunoassay with phenolic glycolipid I as test antigen, a continuous distribution of antibody levels ranging from high to low was observed. The level was found to be controlled by multiple genes, including both H-2 complex- and Igh allotype complex-linked genes. Low antibody response to phenolic glycolipid I was shown to be inherited as a dominant trait in three combinations of high X low responder F1 progeny. PMID- 3921464 TI - Protective effect of Lactobacillus casei on Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in mice. AB - The protective effect of heat-killed Lactobacillus casei YIT9018 (LC 9018) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in mice was compared with that of Corynebacterium parvum. Survival of mice after intraperitoneal (i.p.) infection with P. aeruginosa was augmented in mice that had been pretreated i.p. with LC 9018 5 days previously. Similar treatment of mice with C. parvum, however, was not effective at all. Moreover, mice became more susceptible to infection with P. aeruginosa after such treatment. Growth of P. aeruginosa in the peritoneal cavity and spleen was markedly inhibited in LC 9018-pretreated mice, whereas such inhibition of bacterial growth was not observed in C. parvum-treated mice. The protective effect of LC 9018 was observed in mice subjected to 800 rads of whole body irradiation but was abrogated when mice were treated with carrageenan. These results suggest that augmentation of the resistance of mice to P. aeruginosa was caused by the induction of activated macrophages. The number of macrophages detectable in the peritoneal cavity was almost the same in LC 9018- and C. parvum treated mice. Growth of Listeria monocytogenes was inhibited by pretreatment with LC 9018. Inhibition of L. monocytogenes was also observed after the same pretreatment with C. parvum. It was suggested that macrophages activated with LC 9018 were involved in the protective immunity to P. aeruginosa. PMID- 3921465 TI - Effects of Pseudomonas aeruginosa cytotoxin on human serum and granulocytes and their microbicidal, phagocytic, and chemotactic functions. AB - The effect of Pseudomonas aeruginosa cytotoxin on human granulocytes (PMNs) and pooled human serum was studied by hemacytometer counts, phagocytic, bactericidal, and chemotaxis assays, and by transmission electron microscopy. The optimal assay conditions for phagocytosis of 75Se-labeled P. aeruginosa 1348A included 20% pooled human serum and a ratio of one PMN to between 10 and 20 bacteria. For the bactericidal assay, 20% pooled human serum and a ratio of one PMN to between one and five bacteria were used. Chemotaxis of PMNs was studied by agarose gel technique with 10(-7) M f-Met-Leu-Phe or 0.01 to 35 micrograms of cytotoxin per ml as a chemoattractant. The degree of PMN destruction was dependent on cytotoxin concentrations and PMN exposure time to cytotoxin. Virtually complete PMN lysis was observed after a 2-h exposure to 6 to 10 micrograms of cytotoxin per ml. PMN exposure to 2 micrograms of cytotoxin per ml for as long as 2 h had no adverse effect on phagocytosis. PMN exposure to greater than or equal to 4 micrograms of cytotoxin per ml for 2 h demonstrated a significant decrease in the percentage of bacteria killed. The results of experiments designed to separate cytotoxin effect on PMN lysis from the effect on PMN bactericidal capacity showed that there is an effect of cytotoxin on PMN bactericidal function. PMN exposure to 4 micrograms of cytotoxin per ml for 30 min caused a significant decrease in PMN migration. Cytotoxin had no chemoattractant qualities or effect on pooled human serum as studied by chemotaxis and phagocytosis assays. Although a cytotoxin concentration of greater than or equal to 2 micrograms/ml was required to demonstrate PMN ultrastructural changes observed in transmission electron microscopy studies, at a concentration of 0.1 microgram/ml, cytotoxin caused an impairment in the integrity of the PMN membrane, allowing a low-molecular-weight substance (ruthenium red) to enter into the cytoplasm. Cytotoxin may be an important factor in the pathogenesis and in the high mortality rate of patients with P. aeruginosa infections. PMID- 3921466 TI - Human ciliated epithelial cells from nasal polyps as an experimental model for Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. AB - Human ciliated epithelial cells derived from nasal polyps and cultured in a monolayer were studied as an experimental model for Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. Scanning electron microscopy revealed two types of cultured epithelial cells: one which was covered by microvilli only and another which had microvilli and actively beating cilia. M. pneumoniae adhered to both types of cells, and the adherence followed saturation kinetics as a function of time. Infection of the cells for 20 h resulted in 75% inhibition of their intracellular catalase activity and a 3.5-fold increase in their malonyldialdehyde levels compared with noninfected controls. This indicates the presence of cellular oxidative damage due to M. pneumoniae infection. It is suggested that human nasal ciliated epithelial cells may serve as a representative model for studying M. pneumoniae in relation to its natural host. PMID- 3921467 TI - Biochemical and clinical evaluation of a new cellulose diacetate secondary filter for cascade filtration. AB - We have performed 24 cascade filtration treatments in 8 patients with hyperviscosity syndrome (2 cases), essential mixed cryoglobulinemia, post hepatitic cryoglobulinemia, Sjogrens disease, rheumatoid vasculitis, Miller Fisher syndrome and chronic dysimmune polyneuropathy. New cellulose diacetate filters were employed, giving a satisfactory performance. At 1.5 L plasma treatment, the rejection rate for macromolecular plasma components was close to 90%, whereas albumin recovery was close to 70%. Treatments were clinically effective, confirming that cascade filtration is an alternative to conventional plasma exchange in patients with IgM or immune complex mediated diseases. PMID- 3921468 TI - Sterilization of therapeutic immunoadsorbents with aqueous propylene oxide solution. AB - Propylene oxide (PO), in the form of its aqueous solution, was evaluated as a chemical sterilant for therapeutic immunoadsorbent to be used in on-line plasmapheresis. Generally, PO is characterized as less toxic and less antimicrobial than ethylene oxide. PO was significant sporicidal to B. subtilis at 25 degrees C and 10(6) spores/ml were killed with 1% (V/V) PO solution after storage for 3 weeks when 75% to 80% of PO decomposed; the death-rate conformed to the kinetics of a first-order reaction although PO decomposed rapidly. Thus an apparent D values were estimated to be 13 to 16 days with 0.5% PO solution and 5 to 7 days with 1% PO. An immunoadsorbent consisting of Sepharose 4B immobilizing anti-human IgE antibody was used to study the effect of PO on adsorption characteristics. PO affected the IgE removal of the immunoadsorbents depending on its concentration ranging from 0% to 4%. The IgE-adsorptions were lowered by only 17% and 30% of the intact and glutaraldehyde-treated immunoadsorbents respectively after storage for 3 months in the 2% PO solution at 25 degrees C, and these numbers are considered to be acceptable for a clinical use. A 2% PO solution was chosen based on the results of the shelf life test of immunoadsorbents and the sporicidal test of PO. PMID- 3921469 TI - The generation of culture activated killer cells (AK) is interleukin-2-dependent and requires self-Ia recognition. AB - Cytotoxic cells which lack major histocompatibility restriction for lysis are generated when murine spleen cells are cultured in the presence of FCS with or without allogeneic stimulation. The studies reported show that, following 3 days of culture with FCS, murine spleen cell cultures contain at least two cytotoxic populations. The first (AK-YAC), expresses an NK cell phenotype and target specificity while the second (AK-WEHI) shares the characteristics of the NC cell. Generation of the AK-YAC effector cell requires the presence of a pre-AK cytotoxic cell (Qa-5+, Lyt-2-) and is dependent on the generation of interleukin 2 (IL-2) during the culture period, while the AK-WEHI effector is independent of IL-2 production. IL-2 production in the cultures is shown to require syngeneic Ia recognition by an Lyt-1+, L3T4+ T cell. These findings suggest a role for IL-2 in the in vivo regulation of NCMC and describe a mechanism for its production in the absence of antigenic stimulation. PMID- 3921470 TI - Electrophysiologic evaluation for recurrent tachycardias: a financially endangered technique? PMID- 3921471 TI - Pharmacokinetic data analysis of alfentanil after multiple injections and etomidate-infusion in patients undergoing orthopedic surgery. AB - The pharmacokinetics of Alfentanil, a new short acting analgesic, and Etomidate, a very short acting hypnotic compound, were studied in patients undergoing orthopedic surgery. Anesthesia was induced by bolus i.v. injection of Alfentanil and Etomidate, whereas the maintenance was performed by continuous infusion of Etomidate and repetitive i.v. injections of Alfentanil. The kinetics of the analgesic can be described by a two-compartment model; the elimination half-life has a mean value of 64.8 +/- 38.5 min. No cumulation of the drug was seen in spite of multiple injections. Concerning Etomidate it is not clear whether one or two compartments are needed. The mean elimination half-life is 29.4 +/- 6.2 min. The results suggest a possible shortening of the half-life of Etomidate in the presence of Alfentanil. PMID- 3921473 TI - Mandibular vestibuloplasty using a free mucosal graft. A 2-7 year evaluation. AB - A long-term follow-up (7-2 years) of 152 patients who underwent a vestibuloplasty is presented. Special emphasis has been put on the condition of the graft, nerve disturbances and chin contour changes. As a result of this study, a mandibular vestibuloplasty procedure is recommended that has minimal side effects, and yet provides an adequate base on which to build a denture on. PMID- 3921472 TI - Physical health and fitness of an elite bodybuilder during 1 year of self administration of testosterone and anabolic steroids: a case study. AB - An adult male bodybuilder of international level, who had decided to complement his training by self-administering the androgenic hormones (actually 53 mg/day), volunteered as a subject for investigation of his physical health and fitness over a training period of 1 year including only a 4-week abstinence from drugs in the middle of the year. The subject was able to gain greatly in fat-free weight (from 83 to 90 kg), in mean fiber area of the VL muscle (enlargement of 11.4% after a half year's training), and in maximal strength (from 5145 to 5948 N). The high level of serum testosterone and low level of serum SHBG observed tend to strengthen suggestions of the anabolic effects of androgenic steroids during training. The subject's health status was affected. A high serum E2 level during the use of androgens, atrophic testicles, and low LH, FSH, and T levels after drug withdrawal indicate that sustained testosterone/anabolic steroid administration affects the function of the pituitary and leads to long-lasting impairment of testicular endocrine function, and consequently to azoospermia and cynegomastia. The observed decrease in serum HDL-cholesterol (from 1.59 to 0.44 mmol/l) and in HDL2-cholesterol (from 0.42 to 0.01 mmol/l) may indicate a higher risk for atherogenesis. PMID- 3921474 TI - Mandibular atrophy and metabolic bone loss. Mandibular ridge augmentation by combined sandwich-visor osteotomy and resorption related to metabolic bone state. AB - 22 edentulous women, 11 with and 11 without signs of metabolic bone loss were treated by a combined sandwich-visor osteotomy. Longitudinal studies showed a higher rate of resorption in women with radiographic signs of metabolic bone loss. The analysis was based upon lateral cephalometry. PMID- 3921475 TI - Secondary bonegrafting in unilateral cleft lip palate patients: indications and treatment procedure. AB - A consecutive series of 62 complete unilateral cleft lip and palate patients were investigated with respect to indication for a secondary bone grafting. 2 major indications for secondary bone grafting were established. One was a symptomatic oro-nasal fistula, the other one being a bony defect in the alveolar process, which could impair orthodontic treatment and prosthodontic rehabilitation in the cleft area. The average age for bonegrafting was 12 years. After surgery, fistula related discomfort was eliminated and speech disorders were drastically reduced. Orthodontic uprighting of teeth and correction of mid-line deviations indicated in 50% of the patients were facilitated. In 10% of the cases with extensive defects in the alveolar process, the graft enhanced the possibility for later prosthodontic treatment. Secondarily, periodontal conditions improved. When bonegrafting was performed before canine eruption, total dental rehabilitation by orthodontic treatment was often sufficient, thus decreasing the need for later prosthodontic restoration of the cleft area. Patients who had surgery after eruption of the cleft side canine exhibited more complications. The optimal treatment sequence therefore appears to be transversal expansion of the maxilla in the late mixed dentition, followed by bone grafting. Maxillary expansion must be retained until final orthodontic and prosthodontic treatment is carried out. PMID- 3921476 TI - Intraoral open reduction of mandibular fractures. AB - Experience with 31 mandibular fractures treated by intraoral open reduction techniques is reviewed and the techniques described. A 12.9% complication rate was experienced, no complication causing significant morbidity. Indications for intraoral open reduction are reviewed and the literature is discussed. The intraoral open reduction technique is a satisfactory treatment method for selected cases of fractures of the mandible. PMID- 3921477 TI - Periodontal healing after impacted lower third molar surgery. A retrospective study. AB - The effect on periodontal tissues of lower third molar surgery, due to impaction or semi-impaction, has been investigated in a retrospective study comprising 215 cases. The post-operative examination took place 2 years after the surgical treatment and included both clinical and radiographic variables. Clinical registrations included the amount of plaque, and presence of gingivitis and periodontal pockets. The results showed a higher incidence of plaque, gingivitis and pockets on the distal surface of the second molar than on other surfaces of the first and second molars. The alveolar bone level distal to the second molar was registered by radiographic examination with a periodontal probe as indicator. 2 years post-operatively, 43.3% of the cases exhibited pocket depths exceeding 7 mm and 32.1% showed intrabony defects exceeding 4 mm. Some factors affecting the periodontal healing after lower third molar surgery are discussed. PMID- 3921478 TI - The response of the peripheral branches of the trigeminal nerve to trauma. AB - 56 patients were monitored for a period of 26 weeks following injury to one of the peripheral branches of the trigeminal nerve. A further 10 patients were followed up after periods of 1 to 9 years suffering impaired facial sensation. Tests showed that 50% of the patients returned to normal in 3 months and 60% in 6 months. The fine sensations of touch and temperature recovered first and the response to pricking and two-point discrimination occurred later. Not all patients recovered normal sensation. A small proportion continued to suffer disturbing sensations such as tingling, burning and formication. PMID- 3921479 TI - Biochemical diagnosis of reduced salivary gland function. AB - The volume of the secretion of saliva is decreased in elderly people. The volume of salivary secretion varies directly with acid DNase activity. Neutral DNase activity, however, shows no significant variation. PMID- 3921480 TI - Endosseus titanium implants in extraction sockets. An experimental study in monkeys. AB - In a series of monkeys, titanium implants (Xenodent) were installed in the sockets of mandibular incisors. The animals were sacrificed 7 and 12 weeks after the implantations. The healing was studied by histological and microradiographical techniques. A gradual osseointegration free from adverse interference could be noticed. PMID- 3921481 TI - Ultrastructural aspects of oral and facial lepromatous lesions. AB - The ultrastructure of 10 lepromatous lesions in the face and the palatal mucosa after different duration and length of treatment was studied. Biopsies taken from patients who showed erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) revealed different ultrastructural characteristics from those taken from 'burnt out' and non medicated cases. Multiple secondary lysosomes were rarely seen in non-ENL cases. The presence of Mycobacterium leprae and an increased lysosomal activity in ENL reactive cases is interpreted as a reaction to the lysis of the cytoplasmic matrix of M. leprae; however, drug-specific (diaminodiphenylsulphone) reactions must also be considered. PMID- 3921482 TI - Histoenzymological features of epithelial cells in lesions of oral mucosa in cysts and ameloblastomas of jaws. AB - A histoenzymological study was carried out on 41 tissue specimens removed at biopsy and for surgical operations of the following lesions: benign hyperkeratosis, lichen planus, severe epithelial dysplasia, carcinoma in situ, epidermoid carcinoma, radicular cyst, odontogenic keratocyst and ameloblastoma. The purpose of this study was to study some possibly significant variations in levels of activities of oxidative enzymes, diaphorases, acid phosphatases and Naphthol esterases in such lesions (normal oral mucosa and epidermis serving as controls). In the lesions of the oral mucosa, these histoenzymological variations were not sufficiently characteristic to contribute to histological diagnosis. In lichen planus, some vacuolated or necrotic basal cells lacked enzyme activities, whereas in the upper layers, enzyme activities were irregularly present. Benign hyperkeratosis showed enzymatic activities similar to those of the normal epidermis, namely high oxidative activities particularly prominent in basal cells and in granular layer, and esterase activity beneath the keratinized layer. In severe epithelial dysplasia, carcinoma in situ and epidermoid carcinoma, numerous variations of activities of oxidative enzymes, esterases and acid phosphatase were seen from one cell to the other. In cystic diseases of jaws, enzymatic activities were equally nonspecific in the epithelial lining of the radicular cyst and the odontogenic keratocyst (activities similar to those of normal oral epithelium and epidermis, respectively). But in common ameloblastoma, there was diffuse uniformly low oxidative enzymatic activities in the epithelium and high widespread activity of alkaline phosphatase in the stroma. The latter may be useful in differentiating the cystic acanthomatous variety of ameloblastoma from odontogenic keratocysts of the jaws. PMID- 3921483 TI - Recurrence of cystic central mucoepidermoid tumor of the mandible. Report of a case with 3 recurrences in 7 years. AB - A case of a cystic central mucoepidermoid tumor of the mandible is presented. The radiographic and histopathologic manifestations of the lesion bear some resemblance to the odontogenic cyst. Conservative treatment by simple enucleation resulted in 3 recurrences in a 7-year period. En block resection of such lesions is recommended. PMID- 3921484 TI - Leiomyosarcoma of mandible in a Sudanese female. AB - Leiomyosarcomas are extremely rare in the oral region. A case of a malignant tumour of the smooth muscle of the mandible possibly originating from a pre existent benign counterpart is reported and the literature briefly reviewed. The case presented suggested the possibility that leiomyosarcomas, whenever they originate as a result of malignant transformation in a leiomyoma, may grow to an enormous size and grow slowly. PMID- 3921485 TI - Bony mass associated with hypertrophy of the sternohyoid muscle after radical neck dissection. AB - As a late complication after radical neck dissection, this paper reports a bony mass at the sternal end of the clavicle associated with hypertrophy of the sternohyoid muscle. The bony mass and hypertrophy of the muscle were considered due to continuous mechanical strain by the drooping of the shoulder caused by injury of the accessory and cervical nerves, left-handed physical labour, and the lack of the sternocleidomastoid muscle in rotating the head. PMID- 3921486 TI - Man's sensitivity to bone marrow failure following whole body exposure to low LET ionising radiation: inferences to be drawn from animal experiments. AB - Evidence concerning the sensitivity of man to bone marrow failure following exposure to brief but substantial doses of ionising radiation is sparse. There is, however, a relatively substantial body of information on such effects in large animals. Reported experiments on six species where exposure to low LET radiation was uniform to the whole body and of brief duration (exposure times of the order of one hour or less) have been reanalysed both in terms of exposure and of midline tissue dose. The results indicate a marked lack of homogeneity among values for LD50 within species thus questioning the applicability of LD50 as a species dependent constant. It is, however, suggested that on a purely empirical basis these large animal data suggest that the dose killing 'most' (where 'most' is between 90 and 95 per cent) is about twice that killing 'few' (where 'few' is between 5 and 10 per cent). For man, where there is evidence that the dose killing few is unlikely to be less than 3 Gy, this relationship might indicate a gradient of mortality with dose between 3 and 6 Gy. PMID- 3921487 TI - Prospective payment and infection control. PMID- 3921488 TI - Cost-effective means of diagnosing and following benign and malignant gastric ulcers. AB - To define the most cost-effective means of diagnosing and following gastric ulcers, both benign and malignant, the University of Utah Medical Center (UUMC) experience between September 1980 and October 1983 was reviewed. Endoscopy (EGD) was utilized in the initial evaluation process in 96% of patients. Follow-up was performed by either a combination of EGD and double contrast upper GI (DCUGI) or EGD alone. Diagnostic and follow-up modality had no effect on survival. It appears that the high-frequency use of EGD for gastric ulcer management is not cost-effective. We suggest an algorithm in which EGD would be used only following failure either to demonstrate characteristic benign appearance on DCUGI or inadequate healing following therapeutic trial. A theoretical net savings of 55% is calculated by retrospective application of the algorithm to the UUMC experience; 30% savings is realized for diagnosis and 81% for follow-up. If adopted on a national scale, the algorithm proposed may result in a significant savings in health-care cost. PMID- 3921489 TI - Short bowel syndrome: a case report and literature review. PMID- 3921490 TI - Extracranial vascular responses to sublingual nitroglycerin and oxygen inhalation in cluster headache patients. PMID- 3921491 TI - [Atraumatic closure of skin defects]. AB - A method of atraumatic wound closure published by Ambroise Pare [1] was carried out by suturing of crosstrips (Mefix-Molnlycke) fixed along and upon the wound margins, combined with intradermal continuous sutures (absorbable monofilament polydioxanone--4-0, Ethicon). PMID- 3921492 TI - Cancer risk from the lifetime intake of Ra and U isotopes. AB - From extensive human data on the induction of skeletal cancers (bone sarcomas and carcinomas of the head sinuses) by 226Ra, 228Ra and 224Ra, the cumulative lifetime risk to 1 million people, each ingesting 5 pCi of a Ra isotope per day, was calculated to be nine bone sarcomas plus 12 head carcinomas for 226Ra, 22 bone sarcomas for 228Ra, and 1.6 bone sarcomas for 224Ra. Assuming that the risk per rad of average skeletal dose is equal for 226Ra and the U isotopes with half lives exceeding 1000 yr and that the equilibrium skeletal content is 25 times the daily ingestion of 226Ra, but 11 times the daily ingestion of long-lived U, the cumulative life-span risk to 1 million persons, each ingesting 5 pCi per day of 233U, 234U, 235U, 236U or 238U, is estimated to be about 1.5 bone sarcomas. The U risk is not well established and additional research is needed on the metabolism of U in humans and its carcinogenicity in laboratory animals. These estimates assume linear dose responses. However, if incidence varies with the square of dose, virtually no induced cancers would be expected from these levels of radioactivity. PMID- 3921493 TI - Regulatory consideration in radiation protection. AB - A regulatory scheme is suggested that identifies regions labeled "unacceptable" and "safe" as the upper and lower bounds and "operational" region is identified as the continuum between the two extremes. These regions are associated with levels of annual risk of cancer death for a given level of lifetime exposure between 100 mrem/yr and 1 mrem/yr, upper and lower bounds, respectively. Concern is expressed with establishing public health standards at ALARA (as low as reasonably achievable) levels, which result in lower standards for reference, and views are presented on several issues of interest in regulations for protection of the public from radioactivity in drinking water. Based on the regulatory scheme suggested, the author concludes that existing standards for drinking water appear to be lower than necessary. PMID- 3921494 TI - Estimating patient-level nursing home costs. AB - This article presents a methodology developed to estimate patient-level nursing home costs. Such estimates are difficult to obtain because most cost data for nursing homes are available from Medicare or Medicaid cost reports, which provide only average values per patient-day across all patients (or all of a particular payer's patients). The methodology presented in this article yields "resource consumption" (RC) measures of the variable cost of nursing staff care incurred in treating individual nursing home patients. Results from the application of the methodology are presented, using data collected in 1980 on a sample of 961 nursing home patients in 74 Colorado nursing homes. This type of approach could be used to link nursing home payments to the care needs of individual patients, thus improving the overall equity of the payment system and possibly reducing the access barriers facing especially Medicaid patients with high-cost care needs. PMID- 3921495 TI - Estimating "reasonable cost" of Medicaid patient care using a patient-mix index. AB - A multiple regression method of defining "reasonable cost" for Medicaid reimbursement of nursing home patient care was implemented in Washington State in July 1978. A patient-mix index, the Katz ADL (Activities of Daily Living), was included in the regression equation as one of the independent variables to allow systematically for individual patient characteristics and needs in the rate setting method. From the six measures investigated, the Katz ADL index was selected as the best predictor of patient care per patient-day cost. The way a "reasonable cost interval" of patient care per patient-day was established for each of 277 providers is described. Evidence is presented that this statistical rate-setting method contained efficiency incentives. The potential usefulness of such methods in obtaining management information at low cost should be given more consideration in efforts to reduce administrative costs of governmental health care programs, thus allocating scarce resources to patients on an equitable basis. PMID- 3921496 TI - Recombination in the X-chromosome in hybrid females with and without a marked centromere from three inbred lines of Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 3921497 TI - Specificity of monoclonal antibodies directed against human and murine class II histocompatibility antigens as analyzed by binding to HLA-deletion mutant cell lines. AB - The specificity of 70 monoclonal anti-Ia monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) (18 mouse allo-induced and 52 rodent anti-human) was studied with a panel of 17 HLA deletion mutants that were derived from a single parent line and vary in expression of Ia antigens due to deletion of different subregions of HLA. MoAb binding was analyzed both by ELISA and flow microfluorometry. Characterization of the MoAbs with respect to specificity for products of subregions of a DR1-DC1-SB2 haplotype revealed great complexity. Many antibodies were quite specific for DR linked determinants (26 MoAbs), DC-linked determinants (5 MoAbs), or determinants indistinguishable from SB (4 MoAbs). However, many MoAbs bound to products of more than one subregion: DR + SB (+/- weak DC) (22 MoAbs); DR + DC (3 MoAbs); or DR + DC + SB (1 MoAb). Furthermore, a number of the MoAbs bound unequally to products of the two HLA haplotypes analyzed, particularly among those recognizing DC1-linked determinants and the murine alloinduced MoAbs. Finally, despite strong structural homologies of murine I-A to human DC and murine I-E to human DR, the intraspecies cross-reactions of MoAbs do not closely follow that pattern. These data: (1) illustrate the usefulness of HLA-deletion mutant cell lines for analysis of the specificity of MoAbs and for delineation of HLA subregions; (2) demonstrate the great diversity of MoAbs specific for class II molecules and the high frequency of MoAbs that bind to products of more than one Ia subregion, particularly DR and SB. In view of such complexity, many (perhaps most) MoAbs cannot be relied on to unambiguously identify products of a particular Ia subregion, without extensive characterization. PMID- 3921498 TI - Two different T-cell systems in humans, one of which is probably equivalent to Qa or Tla in mice. AB - Two different alloantigenic systems, expressed mainly on TG and TM lymphocytes and called TCA and TCB, respectively, are described. Alloantisera from parous women are absorbed with Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B cell lines from the husband of the serum producer to remove all anti HLA-A,B,C and DR antibodies. The absorbed sera are tested against a random panel and against lymphocytes from families. Family studies indicate that the TCA system might be encoded by a gene linked to HLA and located on the telomeric side of HLA-A. The total lod scores for the material of 15 informative families is +3.301 at a recombination fraction of 15%. Furthermore we can show that the TCA molecule is associated with beta 2 microglobulin by blocking with turkey anti-beta 2 microglobulin. The antigens are dimers of peptides with a molecular weight of approximately equal to 42,000 daltons and 12,000 daltons, respectively. This implies that TCA might be equivalent to either Qa or Tla in the mouse. For the TCB system no evidence is found for linkage with any known genetic marker. Only in random population studies is an association seen between TCB and Gm. PMID- 3921499 TI - HLA studies of Highland and Coastal New Guineans. AB - The HLA profile of three New Guinean populations, two Highland (Asaro, Watut), and one Coastal is presented. The Highland populations are characterized by a low average number of alleles segregating at the HLA loci and also by a low mean value of heterozygosity at these loci. The genetic affinities of the two Highland groups with other Melanesian populations in the Pacific are remote. The Coastal group, on the other hand, shows strong similarities in its antigenic diversity and haplotypic combinations with other Melanesian populations. Nonetheless, the two Highland groups show significant divergence from each other in terms of allelic and haplotypic frequencies. Two different waves of migration settled in the Highlands of New Guinea between 10,000 and 15,000 years ago, and it is possible that the Watut, an Angan speaking group, represents the remnants of the first migration into the interior, whereas the Asaro, members of the Eastern Central family of the Trans-New Guinea phylum, arrived at a later date. PMID- 3921500 TI - Differences in the expression and release of DR, BR, and DQ molecules in human cells treated with recombinant interferon gamma: comparison to other interferons. AB - This study presents a comparative analysis of the effects of different interferons (IFN) on the three recognizable subsets of human HLA class II molecules: DR, BR, and DQ. Both cellular expression and shedding of class II molecules have been determined on three different cell types. The results can be summarized as follows: class II molecules are markedly increased by IFN gamma; IFN beta has a lower enhancing effect, and IFN alpha has only a slight, if any, effect. Kinetically, the action of IFN gamma is prompter and longer lasting than that of IFN beta. DQ expression is much more enhanced by IFN gamma than either DR or BR; IFN beta has the same effect on all three subsets. Parallel changes of the cellular expression and of the shedding of these molecules are observed. A melanoma and a lymphoblastoid cell line and peripheral blood mononuclear cells show qualitatively similar modifications. PMID- 3921501 TI - Therapeutic dosimetry for Cf-252 neutron brachytherapy of pelvic cancer. AB - 252Cf (Cf) was used to treat tumors of the cervix and uterus with neutron brachytherapy (NT) in an ongoing clinical trial. Tandem and ovoids insertions were used and combinations of single and multiple applications along with high dose whole pelvic irradiation. Dosimetric analysis of treated cases for patterns of tissue dose were carried out. Tissue dose for Cf-NT was, in general, high for neutron components in the central pelvis only, and fell off rapidly with distance from the applicators. The majority and balance of therapeutic dose was contributed by low linear energy transfer (LET) high energy photon beam radiation to the whole pelvis. Comparison with fast neutron beam therapy (NBT) isodose curves showed that much more homogeneous neutron dose was delivered to the pelvic tumor and organs by NBT. Complication frequency has been reported to be higher for neutron beam therapy than for Cf-NT. It appears that the higher integral neutron biological dose to normal tissues for NBT compared to intracavitary Cf-NT probably contributed to the frequency of side effects. PMID- 3921502 TI - Electron arc therapy: physical measurement and treatment planning techniques. AB - An electron beam arc therapy technique has been developed for the treatment of the post-mastectomy chest wall using a clinical linear accelerator modified for arc therapy. The effects on the dose distribution of primary X ray collimators, secondary cerrobend blocks attached to the accelerator accessory tray, and tertiary cerrobend casting of the treatment area on the patient's thorax have been investigated. Multiple electron energies within the same arc, variable rad per degree, and variable shaped secondary and tertiary applicators have been employed to optimize dose uniformity across the treated surface. A computerized treatment planning program has been developed to aid in visualization and optimization of dose distributions. A simple technique to estimate the width variation in the secondary collimator necessary to compensate for radial patient thickness changes in the cephalocaudad direction is described. Electron beam energies of 6 MeV, 9 MeV, 12 MeV, 15 MeV, and 18 MeV have been studied. The physical measurements needed to implement this technique are described, and a comparison of electron arc therapy dose distributions with other standard treatment techniques is presented. PMID- 3921503 TI - Canine brucellosis in a household. AB - Three cases of canine brucellosis from the same household were discovered during a serosurvey of privately owned dogs. One dog was found to be seropositive and culture-positive, 1 dog was seropositive, and 1 dog had suspect test results, with eye lesions suggestive of Brucella canis infection. All dogs had signs seen with B canis infection, but none was pathognomonic. Although pathologic findings in 2 of the dogs were consistent with findings reported by other investigators, none was conclusive for brucellosis. The 2-mercaptoethanol tube agglutination test was utilized as the diagnostic test. PMID- 3921504 TI - Encephalitozoonosis in a parrot. AB - Encephalitozoon infection was diagnosed in a double yellow-headed Amazon parrot, Amazona ochrocephala. Illness was characterized by respiratory distress, decreased appetite, diarrhea, and weight loss. This gram-positive organism was present in renal tubules, intestine, and lungs. Ultrastructural features consisted of 5 polar filament coils and a single nucleus. Organisms were contained within parasitophorous vacuoles in cytoplasm of the renal tubular epithelium. PMID- 3921505 TI - Measurement of anterior chamber diameter and biometry of anterior segment by Scheimpflug slitlamp photography. AB - Twenty-eight fresh donor eyes (Georgia Lions Eye Bank) ranging in age from four months to 87 years were used for an in vitro study to determine the feasibility of obtaining accurate anterior chamber diameter measurements with our Scheimpflug ultraviolet-visible slitlamp densitography apparatus. The in vivo study was performed on 16 hybrid monkeys (of varying age). These data were within 0.1 mm of measurements obtained with a modified paracentesis needle specially designed to obtain such measurements (sensitivity within 0.01 mm). The results of the foregoing study demonstrate that the Scheimpflug slitlamp photographic analyses can provide an accurate measurement of the anterior chamber diameter without entering the globe surgically. This will enable the surgeon to determine the diameter and order an anterior chamber IOL of a specified size prior to surgery. We have devised an automated program to analyze the negatives and provide direct anterior chamber diameter measurements. PMID- 3921506 TI - Testosterone levels after bromocriptine treatment in patients undergoing long term hemodialysis. AB - Seventeen out of 34 male patients undergoing long-term hemodialysis had increased basal plasma prolactin levels (mean = 1344 +/- 1158.76 mU/L). Seven of these 17 patients having the greatest degree of erectile impotence were treated with 3.5 to 7.5 mg/day of bromocriptine. After a 4-week treatment period, basal plasma prolactin levels in all seven patients were within normal limits (mean = 210.2 +/ 66.97 mU/L). The treated patients reported an improvement in both libido and potency. At the same time, an increase in plasma testosterone levels was observed, while plasma LH and FSH levels were essentially unchanged. PMID- 3921507 TI - Changes in serum levels of LH, FSH, prolactin, testosterone, and cortisol associated with season and mating in male pygmy goats. AB - Four male pygmy goats were used in a study designed to determine the effects of season on serum hormone (luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, prolactin, testosterone, and cortisol) levels, testis size and libido, and the effects of mating on serum hormone profiles. Seasonal peaks were observed for prolactin in July, luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone in September, and testosterone in October. Luteinizing hormone peak frequency was greatest in September and was increased by mating activity in the months immediately preceding the breeding season. Scrotal circumference did not vary with season and libido showed no consistent seasonal pattern. Mating appeared to raise all hormone levels except during the months when these hormones were seasonally elevated. When episodic releases of luteinizing hormone occurred, they were associated with subsequent rises in serum testosterone levels. On some mating days, when episodic releases of luteinizing hormone were absent, changes in testosterone levels were highly correlated with changes in cortisol levels. It was concluded that both season and mating influence reproductive hormone levels in male pygmy goats. PMID- 3921508 TI - Effects of combining protein sources on lysine utilization by starter pigs. AB - The effect of combining protein sources on lysine utilization was evaluated using 450 crossbred starter pigs, average initial weight 6.8 kg and final weight 17.4 kg, in four replicates of 12 dietary treatments. Pigs were fed ad libitum a corn soybean meal basal diet containing .65% total lysine, supplemented with one of four lysine sources: L-lysine X HCl, soybean meal, meat and bone meal and a combination of meat and bone meal and soybean meal with each providing equal lysine. The levels of supplemental lysine added to the basal diet by addition of the lysine sources were: 0, .15 and .30% L-lysine X HCl and .10, .20 and .30% for soybean meal, meat and bone meal and combination. All diets were calculated to meet or exceed the National Research Council recommendations for amino acids other than lysine. Gain and feed intake were measured over the treatment period. There was an effect (P less than .05) due to treatment on both average daily gain and gain/feed, but no effect calculated due to the independent variable of lysine intake for each of the lysine sources tested and the dependent variable of average daily gain or gain/feed. Response to the supplemental protein sources was linear. Gain and gain/feed were maximized when soybean meal fortified the basal diet. The data indicate that in weanling pigs to 17 kg body weight, lysine utilization from protein sources is not seriously affected by feeding the source in combination.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3921509 TI - Threonine requirement of pigs weighing 5 to 15 kg and the effect of excess methionine in diets marginal in threonine. AB - Experiments were conducted to estimate the threonine requirement of pigs weighing 5 to 15 kg and to determine whether excess methionine increased the threonine requirement. Feeding .70% dietary threonine in Exp. 1 maximized (P less than .01) gain/feed and minimized (P less than .01) plasma urea N. Plasma threonine was increased (P less than .01) by threonine supplementation and the rate of increase accelerated above .65% dietary threonine. Threonine supplementation did not affect plasma methionine, tryptophan and(or) lysine, but it increased leucine (P less than .01) and isoleucine (P less than .05). In Exp. 2, additions of .40% methionine and(or) .30% threonine to a 16% crude protein diet that had calculated concentrations of .57% sulfur amino acids and .68% threonine did not affect (P less than .10) pig performance or plasma urea N. In Exp. 3, a 15% crude protein diet that had calculated concentrations of .54% sulfur amino acids and .61% threonine was supplemented with .40% methionine and(or) .15% threonine. Amino acid additions did not affect performance of pigs, but pigs fed supplemental threonine had the least plasma urea N, indicating that .61% dietary threonine was marginally deficient for pigs weighing 5 to 15 kg. PMID- 3921510 TI - Patterns of secretion of luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone and testosterone in stallions during the summer and winter. AB - Samples of jugular blood were drawn from each of five stallions every 15 min for 12 h during the summer and winter to determine the short-term fluctuations in plasma concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone. Concentrations of LH and FSH were generally not pulsatile, although one stallion exhibited three distinct pulses in these hormones during the winter. In general, patterns of secretion of all three hormones were similar in both seasons and the number of significant rises in hormonal concentrations did not differ between seasons. Concentrations of LH and FSH were positively correlated (P less than .05) for eight of the ten sampling periods, indicating a close relationship between the secretion rates of these two gonadotropins. Testosterone concentrations varied in an episodic manner during the 12-h period, and all stallions exhibited at least one episode of high testosterone secretion regardless of the pattern of LH concentrations. The response in testosterone concentrations to the three LH pulses exhibited by the one stallion in winter was not the same for each pulse. The correlations between a single random sample and mean concentrations over the 12-h period were high (r between .88 and .99) for all three hormones, indicating that a single sample of blood would be representative of overall concentrations. It appears that the stallion differs from males of other domestic species in that concentrations of gonadotropins and testosterone vary in a much less pulsatile manner. PMID- 3921511 TI - Increased ovulation rate of adult ewes treated with anti-bovine LH antiserum during the normal breeding season. AB - Adult Suffolk ewes (n = 14) were treated on d 10 of the estrous cycle with anti bovine luteinizing hormone (LH) antiserum. Control ewes (n = 10) were treated with normal horse serum. Estrous behavior and the number of corpora lutea and ovarian follicles were examined at the subsequent estrous cycle. Daily plasma concentrations of progesterone (P4), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and estradiol were determined before and after treatment. Ewes treated with antiserum had a higher (P less than .05) ovulation rate (2.7 +/- .2) than did controls (2.1 +/- .1). No differences were found in the numbers of large (greater than 5 mm) or small (less than 5 mm) follicles between treatment groups. Estrus was delayed (P less than .025) approximately .6 d/in ewes treated with antisera. Immunoreactive FSH increased (P less than .05) within 1 d after treatment and remained higher than the controls for 5 d. Peak estradiol concentrations occurred on d 17 for treated ewes compared with peak concentrations on d 15 or 16 for control ewes. The P4 concentrations were generally less (P less than .025) in treated ewes throughout the luteal phase of the treatment cycle. These data demonstrate that ovulation rate is increased in ewes treated with LH antiserum. The marked increase in plasma FSH suggests a possible mechanism whereby ovulation rate is enhanced. PMID- 3921512 TI - Effect of unilateral ovariectomy and injection of bovine follicular fluid on gonadotropin secretion and compensatory ovarian hypertrophy in prepuberal heifers. AB - A study was conducted to determine whether compensatory ovarian hypertrophy occurred in prepuberal heifers, and if so, could compensatory ovarian hypertrophy be prevented by injecting charcoal-extracted bovine follicular fluid (CFF). An additional objective was to determine the effect of CFF injections on follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) concentrations following unilateral ovariectomy (ULO). Thirty-one prepuberal Angus, Hereford, and Angus X Hereford heifers were assigned by weight and breed to the following groups: Control-saline injections (C), unilateral ovariectomy-saline injections (ULO) and unilateral ovariectomy-CFF injections (ULO-CFF). In group C, a sham operation was performed on d 0 and both ovaries were removed on d 7. In groups ULO and ULO-CFF, either the right or left ovary was removed on d 0 and the remaining ovary was removed on d 7. From d 0 to 7, each heifer received an injection (iv, 7 ml/injection) of saline or CFF every 12 h. Jugular blood samples were collected immediately before each saline injection from d 0 to 7 and analyzed for FSH and LH. Unilateral ovariectomy increased ovarian (P less than .08) and follicular fluid (P less than .05) weights compared with groups C and ULO-CFF; however, lyophilized ovarian weight was similar (P greater than .05) for all groups. Injections of CFF blocked the increase in ovarian and follicular fluid weight following ULO. The total number of visible follicles per ovary was similar for all groups; however in the ULO group there was an increase (P less than .01) in those 5 to 6 mm and greater than or equal to 9 mm.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3921513 TI - Reversal of reflex pulmonary vasoconstriction induced by main pulmonary arterial distension. AB - Distension of the main pulmonary artery (MPA) induces pulmonary hypertension, most probably by neurogenic reflex pulmonary vasoconstriction, although constriction of the pulmonary vessels has not actually been demonstrated. In previous studies in dogs with increased pulmonary vascular resistance produced by airway hypoxia, exogenous arachidonic acid has led to the production of pulmonary vasodilator prostaglandins. Hence, in the present study, we investigated the effect of arachidonic acid in seven intact anesthetized dogs after pulmonary vascular resistance was increased by MPA distention. After steady-state pulmonary hypertension was established, arachidonic acid (1.0 mg/min) was infused into the right ventricle for 16 min; 15-20 min later a 16-mg bolus of arachidonic acid was injected. MPA distension was maintained throughout the study. Although the infusion of arachidonic acid significantly lowered the elevated pulmonary vascular resistance induced by MPA distension, the pulmonary vascular resistance returned to control levels only after the bolus injection of arachidonic acid. Notably, the bolus injection caused a biphasic response which first increased the pulmonary vascular resistance transiently before lowering it to control levels. In dogs with resting levels of pulmonary vascular resistance, administration of arachidonic acid in the same manner did not alter the pulmonary vascular resistance. It is concluded that MPA distension does indeed cause reflex pulmonary vasoconstriction which can be reversed by vasodilator metabolites of arachidonic acid. Even though this reflex may help maintain high pulmonary vascular resistance in the fetus, its function in the adult is obscure. PMID- 3921514 TI - Sympathoadrenal system and activation of glycogenolysis during muscular activity. AB - Comparisons were made of the appearance of phosphorylase (PHOS) a and lactate (LA) during electrical stimulation of the gastrocnemius (GM) and soleus (SM) muscles of normal and sympathectomized (SYMPX) rats. Ten-second stimulation at 3 Hz increased PHOS a approximately fourfold in the GM of normal rats, whereafter it declined during stimulation until at 60 s it was similar to rest. The increase in PHOS a of GM from SYMPX rats after 10 s of stimulation was approximately 50% that of normal rats. Stimulation of the SM produced smaller and slower increases in PHOS a with the peak occurring after 60 s, which remained constant to 90 s. SYMPX did not alter this effect in the SM. LA production and creatine phosphate depletion in the GM were continuous throughout stimulation and uninfluenced by SYMPX. This was true for the SM with the exception of LA production being greater after SYMPX. [ATP] was unchanged by electrical stimulation. The rate and magnitude of the PHOS a appearance was a function of stimulation frequency. Reversion of PHOS to the b form after stimulation was rapid, with approximately 50% of the peak value being attained in 2.5 s, and at 5 s the values were those of rest. These data demonstrate that an intact sympathoadrenal system is not obligatory for the initiation of glycogenolysis in skeletal muscle. PMID- 3921515 TI - Cardiac output distribution and regional blood flow during hypocarbia in monkeys. AB - Cardiac output distribution and regional blood flow were studied during hypocarbia independent of changes in ventilatory parameters. Fifteen cynomolgus monkeys were anesthetized with methohexital sodium (8 mg/kg im) and hyperventilated through an endotracheal tube. Hypocarbia at two levels, 28 +/- 1.8 and 17 +/- 0.6 Torr, was achieved by a stepwise decreasing CO2 flow into the semiclosed system. Regional blood flow was determined with labeled microspheres. At each stage of experiments two sets of microspheres (9 and 15 microns diam) were used simultaneously. The use of two microsphere sizes allowed evaluation of the relationship between total (nutritive and nonnutritive) tissue blood flow, determined with 15-microns spheres, and nutritive blood flow, determined with 9 microns spheres. There was no change in cardiac output or arterial pressure during both degrees of studied hypocarbia. Hypocarbia was accompanied by a decrease in myocardial blood flow determined with 15-microns spheres and preservation of the flow determined with 9-microns spheres. Splenic blood flow was decreased, whereas hepatic arterial blood flow was increased during both levels of hypocarbia. Blood flow through the brain, renal cortex, and gut showed a biphasic response to hypocarbia: during hypocarbia at 28 +/- 1.8 Torr, blood flow determined with 15-microns spheres was unchanged (in the gut) or decreased (in the brain and kidneys), whereas blood flow determined with 9-microns spheres was decreased. During hypocarbia at 17 +/- 0.6 Torr, blood flow determined with 9 microns spheres had a tendency to restore to base-line values.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3921516 TI - Influence of chronic respiratory acid-base disorders on acute CO2 titration curve. AB - We have recently shown that background presence of chronic metabolic acid-base disorder markedly alters in vivo acute CO2 titration curve. These studies were carried out to assess the influence of chronic respiratory acid-base disorders on response to acute hypercapnia and to explore whether the chronic level of plasma pH is the factor responsible for alterations in the CO2 titration curve. We compared whole-body responses to acute hypercapnia of dogs with preexisting chronic respiratory alkalosis (n = 8) with that of normal animals (n = 4) and animals with chronic respiratory acidosis (n = 13). Chronic respiratory alkalosis and acidosis, as well as the acute CO2 titrations, were produced in unanesthetized dogs within a large environmental chamber. For comparison with our data on chronic metabolic acidosis and alkalosis, plasma bicarbonate levels, which are secondarily altered in chronic respiratory acid-base disorders, were used as an index of chronic acid-base status of the animals. Results indicate that, as with chronic metabolic acid-base disorders, a larger increment in plasma bicarbonate occurs during acute hypercapnia when steady-state plasma bicarbonate is low (respiratory alkalosis) than when it is high (respiratory acidosis). Yet, in further analogy with the metabolic studies, plasma hydrogen ion concentration is better defended at higher plasma bicarbonate levels in accordance with mathematical relationships defined by the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. Combined results demonstrate that the influence of chronic acid-base status on whole-body response to acute hypercapnia is independent of initial plasma pH.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3921517 TI - Respiratory, cardiovascular, and metabolic adjustments to exercise in the Hereford calf. AB - Six Hereford steers were studied before, during, and after short exercise bouts on a motor-driven treadmill (3 degrees incline) at four speeds (1.0, 1.4, 1.8, and 2.2 m X s-1). Oxygen consumption (MO2) and carbon dioxide production (MCO2) were measured by collecting the expired gas. Arterial and mixed venous blood samples were obtained simultaneously from indwelling catheters in the aorta and pulmonary artery. A 10-fold increase was observed in MO2 and MCO2 at the highest work load. Minute ventilation increased proportionately less than MO2 and MCO2 with increasing work loads, but alveolar ventilation was found to increase in proportion to both MO2 and MCO2. The highest work load produced a threefold increase in cardiac output primarily as a result of increased heart rate. A 10 fold increase in lactate and a 63% increase in serum potassium concentration were observed at the highest work load. Plasma cortisol levels were highest at 10 min postexercise and reached levels of seven times the resting values following exercise at the highest speed. The responses to exercise in the calf are qualitatively similar to those observed in other species, but quantitative differences exist in some cardiovascular and metabolic responses which may limit this animal's ability to perform strenuous exercise. PMID- 3921518 TI - Exercise performance following a carbohydrate load in chronic airflow obstruction. AB - We evaluated the effects of a large (920 cal) liquid carbohydrate (CHO) load on the maximum exercise capacity of 18 patients with chronic airflow obstruction [forced expiratory volume at at 1 s (FEV1) = 1.27 +/- 0.48 liters; FEV1/forced vital capacity = 0.41 +/- 0.11]. Patients underwent duplicate incremental cycle ergometer exercise tests to a symptom-limited maximum following CHO and a liquid placebo in single-blind fashion. Expired gas measurements were obtained during each power output. In 12 patients arterial blood gases were measured, and in six patients venous blood was obtained for measurement of glucose, electrolytes, and osmolality. With CHO, the maximum power output decreased from 86 +/- 30 to 76 +/- 31 W (P less than 0.001), whereas the ventilation at exhaustion was nearly identical (47.6 +/- 13.2 and 46.8 +/- 12.5 l/min). Arterial partial pressure of CO2 (PaCO2) at exhaustion decreased (P less than 0.025), arterial partial pressure of O2 (PaO2) increased (P less than 0.01), and the ventilatory equivalent for CO2 (VE/VCO2) increased (P less than 0.005) with CHO. At equivalent power outputs, CHO resulted in significant increases in VE (P less than 0.001) and VCO2 (P less than 0.001); PaCO2 was unchanged, whereas PaO2 increased (P less than 0.01). CHO increased the serum glucose at rest and during exercise. No changes in serum osmolality or electrolytes occurred during exercise following CHO. After CHO loading, the majority of patients appeared to reach their limiting level of ventilation at a lower power output. In contrast, there was no significant difference in the mean maximum power output with CHO in six normal control subjects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3921519 TI - Adaptation to reflex effects of prolonged lung inflation. AB - Adaptation to the reflex effects of sustained changes in lung volume on inspiratory duration (TI), expiratory duration (TE), and the phrenic neurogram was examined. Test inflations in gallamine-paralyzed dogs anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium were made during a 6-min trial while the animal was not ventilated: 2 min at functional residual capacity (FRC), 2 min at elevated airway pressure, and 2 min back at FRC. The dogs were hyperoxygenated and arterial PCO2 was kept constant by an infusion of tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane. The maintained inflations produced minimal changes in TI. On return to FRC, TI was prolonged in proportion to the magnitude of the prior inflation. In contrast, inflation produced marked prolongation of TE, which then adapted back toward preinflation values. On return to FRC, TE shortened initially to values below control. This shortening increased with greater prior lung inflations. The times to reestablish steady-state values upon return to FRC differed for TI (14.8 +/- 4.6 s) and TE (33.8 +/- 12.7 s). The magnitude of the phrenic neurogram at a fixed time from onset of inspiration and its slope were unchanged with inflation. These results indicate that respiratory phase durations are influenced not only by pulmonary afferent input within each respiratory cycle but also by prior vagal afferent activity that engages central processes with long, although different, time constants. Afferent input to the slow central process controlling TI is not gated to only one phase of the respiratory cycle. PMID- 3921520 TI - Comparison of cardiac output during exercise by single-breath and CO2-rebreathing methods. AB - Cardiac output (Q) was estimated in supine rest and in upright cycling at several work rates up to 200 W in five male and one female subjects. At least four repetitions of both the CO2-rebreathing plateau method (Collier, J. Appl. Physiol. 9:25-29, 1956) and the Kim et al. (J. Appl. Physiol. 21: 1338-1344, 1966) single-breath method were performed at each work rate, in a steady state of O2 consumption and heart rate. At supine rest and low work rates, estimates of Q were similar by the two methods. However, at higher work rates, the single-breath method significantly (P less than 0.05) underestimated the value obtained by CO2 rebreathing. The reason for the difference in estimates of Q by the two methods was traced to the determination of arterial partial pressure of CO2 (PaCO2) and mixed venous partial pressure of CO2 (PvCO2). The estimate of PaCO2 from the single-breath method was approximately 88.5% of the estimate from end-tidal PCO2 used with the rebreathing method (P less than 0.001). The oxygenated PvCO2 calculated from the single-breath Q averaged approximately 92.5% of the PvCO2 from CO2 rebreathing (P less than 0.0001). The difference in estimates of Q was not eliminated by using a logarithmic form of the CO2 dissociation curve with the single-breath method. PMID- 3921521 TI - Ventilation by external high-frequency oscillation in cats. AB - Eight anesthetized tracheostomized cats were placed in an 8.2-liter airtight chamber with the trachea connected to the exterior. Thirty-two combinations of high-frequency oscillations (HFO) (0.5-30 Hz; 25-100 ml) were delivered for 10 min each in random order into the chamber. Arterial blood gas tensions during oscillation were compared with control measurements made after 10 min of spontaneous breathing without oscillation when the mean arterial PCO2 (PaCO2) was 30.1 Torr. Ventilation due to spontaneous breathing (Vs) and oscillation (Vo) were derived from the chamber pressure trace and a pneumotachograph, respectively. As the oscillation frequency increased, oscillated tidal volume (Vo) decreased from a mean of 39 (0.5 Hz) to 3.3 ml (30 Hz) when 100 ml was delivered to the chamber. From 6-25 Hz, apnea occurred with Vo less than estimated respiratory dead space (VD); the minimum effective Vo/VD ratio was 0.37 +/- 0.05. Although Vo was maximal at 10 Hz at each oscillation volume, the lowest PaCO2 occurred at 2-6 Hz, and arterial PO2 rose as expected during hypocapnia. Above 10 Hz, PaCO2 was determined by Vo and was independent of frequency, whereas at lower frequencies, PaCO2 was related to Vo; below 6 Hz, PaCO2 varied inversely with the calculated alveolar ventilation. As oscillations became more effective, both PaCO2 and Vs fell progressively and were highly correlated; apnea occurred when PaCO2 was reduced by a mean of 4.5 Torr. Mean chamber pressure remained near zero up to 15 Hz, indicating functional residual capacity did not change. We conclude that externally applied HFO can readily maintain gas exchange in vivo, with Vo less than VD at frequencies over 2 Hz. PMID- 3921522 TI - Enzyme immunoassay for screening sulfamethazine residues in swine blood. AB - An enzyme immunoassay (EIA) was developed to screen for residues of sulfamethazine (SMT) and its metabolites in swine blood. Swine blood was treated with perchloric acid and centrifuged. The supernatant solution was neutralized with K2HPO4, centrifuged, and applied to a reverse phase C8 cartridge. The analytes were eluted with methanol-water (2 + 3), and the eluate was diluted and assayed. Average recoveries, using 14C-labeled compounds, were 73, 72, 61, and 62% for SMT, N4-glucosylSMT, N4-acetylSMT, and N4-desaminoSMT, respectively. Tubes coated with antibody were incubated with the eluate and an SMT-beta galactosidase conjugate. Bound enzyme was detected with fluorogenic substrate. When blood was fortified with 0.1 ppm SMT or a molar equivalent of metabolite, the average relative response of the EIA was 100%, control blood; 61%, SMT; 66%, glucosylSMT; 60%, acetylSMT; and 77% desaminoSMT. PMID- 3921523 TI - Secretion of staphylococcal nuclease by Bacillus subtilis. AB - The staphylococcal nuclease (nuc) gene from Staphylococcus aureus has been cloned and expressed in Bacillus subtilis. The nuclease protein was expressed either from its own promoter and translation start signals, or from a combination of a B. subtilis promoter, ribosome binding site, and a signal peptide sequence. Greater than 80% of the active gene product was secreted into the medium, whereas, when a signal peptide sequence was absent, as little as 4% of the nuclease activity was found in the culture medium. Intracellular (or cell-bound) nuclease, as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blotting, was shown to have the molecular weight of the predicted precursor protein with the signal peptide. Levels of nuclease reached 50 mg per liter in the culture medium, depending on the growth medium and the strain used. These findings indicate the prospective use of nuclease as a model system for studying secretion of heterologous proteins in B. subtilis. PMID- 3921524 TI - H2, N2, and O2 metabolism by isolated heterocysts from Anabaena sp. strain CA. AB - Metabolically active heterocysts isolated from wild-type Anabaena sp. strain CA showed high rates of light-dependent acetylene reduction and hydrogen evolution. These rates were similar to those previously reported in heterocysts isolated from the mutant Anabaena sp. strain CA-V possessing fragile vegetative cell walls. Hydrogen production was observed with isolated heterocysts. The ratio of C2H4 to H2 produced ranged from 0.9 to 1.2, and H2 production exhibited unique biphasic kinetics consisting of a 1 to 2-min burst of hydrogen evolution followed by a lower, steady-state rate of hydrogen production. This burst was found to be dependent upon the length of the dark period immediately preceding illumination and may be related to dark-to-light ATP transients. The presence of 100 nM NiCl2 in the growth medium exerted an effect on both acetylene reduction and hydrogen evolution in the isolated heterocysts from strain CA. H2-stimulated acetylene reduction was increased from 2.0 to 3.2 mumol of C2H4 per mg (dry weight) per h, and net hydrogen production was abolished. A phenotypic Hup- mutant (N9AR) of Anabaena sp. strain CA was isolated which did not respond to nickel. In isolated heterocysts from N9AR, ethylene production rates were the same under both 10% C2H2-90% Ar and 10% C2H2-90% H2 with or without added nickel, and net hydrogen evolution was not affected by the presence of 100 nM Ni2+. Isolated heterocysts from strain CA were shown to have a persistent oxygen uptake of 0.7 mumol of O2 per mg (dry weight) per h, 35% of the rate of whole filaments, at air saturating O2 levels, indicating that O2 impermeability is not a requirement for active heterocysts. PMID- 3921525 TI - alpha-Aminoadipate as a primary nitrogen source for Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants. AB - In contrast to wild-type strains of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, lys2 and lys5 mutants are able to utilize alpha-aminoadipate as a primary source of nitrogen. Chattoo et al. (B. B. Chattoo, F. Sherman, D. A. Azubalis, T. A. Fjellstedt, D. Mehnert, and M. Ogur, Genetics 93:51-65, 1979) relied on this difference in the effective utilization of alpha-aminoadipate to develop a procedure for directly selecting lys2 and lys5 mutants. In this study we used a range of mutant strains and various media to determine why normal strains are unable to utilize alpha-aminoadipate as a nitrogen source. Our results demonstrate that the anabolism of high levels of alpha-aminoadipate through the biosynthetic pathway of lysine results in the accumulation of a toxic intermediate and, furthermore, that lys2 and lys5 mutants contain blocks leading to the formation of this intermediate. PMID- 3921526 TI - Cloning vector system for Corynebacterium glutamicum. AB - A protoplast transformation system has been developed for Corynebacterium glutamicum by using a C. glutamicum-Bacillus subtilis chimeric vector. The chimera was constructed by joining a 3.0-kilobase cryptic C. glutamicum plasmid and the B. subtilis plasmid pBD10. The neomycin resistance gene on the chimera, pHY416, was expressed in C. glutamicum, although the chloramphenicol resistance gene was not. The various parameters in the transformation protocol were analyzed separately and optimized. The resulting transformation system is simple and routinely yields 10(4) transformants per microgram of plasmid DNA. PMID- 3921527 TI - Phenotypic classes of phenoloxidase-negative mutants of the lignin-degrading fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium. AB - This paper reports the isolation of phenoloxidase-negative mutants of the white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium and the results of a survey of idiophasic functions among these mutants. The mutant strains were isolated from a medium containing o-anisidine after gamma irradiation of wild-type spores and fell into four classes, divided by the manner in which they mineralized 14C-lignin wheat lignocellulose. Examples are strain LMT7, which degraded lignin at a rate similar to that of the wild type; strain LMT26, in which degradation was enhanced; strain LMT16, whose degradation rate was apparently unaffected, although the onset of lignin attack was delayed compared with that in the wild type; and strain LMT24, which was unable to evolve significant amounts of 14CO2 from the radiolabeled substrate. The mutants were not necessarily defective in other functions associated with idiophasic activities (intracellular cyclic AMP levels, sporulation, extracellular glucan production, veratryl alcohol synthesis). We conclude that phenoloxidase activity as detected by the o-anisidine plate test is not necessary for lignin degradation. In addition, mutations resulting in the loss of lignin-degrading ability were not necessarily pleiotropic with other idiophasic functions. PMID- 3921528 TI - Guidance of Cytophaga sp. strain U67 gliding on the sheaths of Oscillatoria princeps. AB - Individual cells of Cytophaga sp. strain U67 glided in helical patterns on the surface of sheaths deposited by the cyanobacterium Oscillatoria princeps. Possible bases for the helical substructure of the sheath are discussed. PMID- 3921529 TI - Influence of the staphylococcinlike peptide Pep 5 on membrane potential of bacterial cells and cytoplasmic membrane vesicles. AB - The staphylococcinlike peptide Pep 5 rapidly abolished the membrane potential of bacterial cells; active transport of amino acids by cytoplasmic membrane vesicles was inhibited and preaccumulated amino acids were released upon the addition of Pep 5. Artificial asolectin vesicles were not impaired by the peptide. It is concluded that the cytoplasmic membrane is the primary target of Pep 5. PMID- 3921530 TI - Mutation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa causing simultaneous defects in penicillin binding protein 5 and in enzyme activities of penicillin release and D-alanine carboxypeptidase. AB - Penicillin-binding protein 5 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa had moderately penicillin sensitive D-alanine carboxypeptidase activity. As in Escherichia coli, a defect in this enzyme activity was not lethal. PMID- 3921531 TI - Studies of the ferricyanide reductase activities of the mitochondrial reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-ubiquinone reductase (complex I) utilizing arylazido-beta-alanyl NAD+ and arylazido-beta-alanyl NADP+. AB - The NADH and NADPH ferricyanide reductase activities present in mitochondrial NADH-CoQ reductase preparations have been studied utilizing two photoaffinity pyridine nucleotide analogues: arylazido-beta-alanyl NAD+ (A3'-O-[3-[N-(4-azido-2 nitrophenyl)amino]propionyl]NAD+) and arylazido-beta-alanyl NADP+ (N3'-O-[3-[N-(4 azido-3-nitrophenyl)amino]propionyl]NADP+). For the NADH-K3Fe(CN)6 reductase activity, arylazido-beta-alanyl NAD+ was found to be, in the dark, a competitive inhibitor with respect to both NADH and K3Fe(CN)6 with Ki,app values of 9.7 and 15.5 microM, respectively. In comparison the NADP+ analogue exhibited weak noncompetitive inhibitor activity for this reaction against both substrates. Upon photoirradiation arylazido-beta-alanyl NAD+ inhibited NADH-K3Fe(CN)6 reductase up to 70% in the presence of a 25-fold molar excess of analogue over the enzyme concentration. This photodependent inhibition could be prevented by the presence, during irradiation, of the natural substrate NADH. In contrast complex kinetic results were obtained with studies of the effects of the pyridine nucleotide analogues of NADPH-K3Fe(CN)6 reductase activity in the dark. Photoirradiation of either analogue in the presence of the enzyme complex resulted in an activation of NADPH-dependent activity. The possibility that the NADPH-K3Fe(CN)6 reductase activity of complex I represents a summation of the combined ferricyanide reductase activity of the NADPH-NAD+ transhydrogenase and NADH oxidoreductase is suggested. PMID- 3921532 TI - Some properties of carbonic anhydrase from mineralizing hamster molars. AB - Carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity in mineralizing hamster molars was determined with a radiochemical assay. Hamster molar CA appeared to be very similar to CA from other sources. No pH optimum could be determined; the KM was 13.6 mM and CA was strongly inhibited by acetazolamide. EDTA and F- had almost no effect on the CA activity. This lack of fluoride effect suggests strongly that the protective effect of fluoride on dental mineral is not mediated by CA. PMID- 3921533 TI - Histological, morphometric and histochemical changes in the submandibular gland of the rat under experimental protein-calorie malnutrition. AB - Submandibular salivary glands of rats, subjected to experimental protein-calorie malnutrition, were studied by histologic, morphometric and histochemical methods. Marked alterations were observed. Acinar atrophy, a severe decrease in the volumetric proportion of the granular duct, and a decrease in the protein content of the granular duct cells were all recorded. Neutral mucosubstances were reduced in both acinar and granular duct cells. PMID- 3921534 TI - Catalytic properties of a hybrid between cyanobacterial large subunits and higher plant small subunits of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase. AB - The small subunits of spinach ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase were isolated by mild acid precipitation of the hexadecameric holoenzyme. About one third of the small subunits remained in the supernatant while the remainder, and all of the large subunits, were precipitated and irreversibly denatured. The spinach small subunits were able to reassemble with the large subunit octamer of ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase from the cyanobacterium, Synechococcus ACMM 323, prepared as described previously (Andrews, T. J., and Ballment, B. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 7514-7518) to produce a catalytically active, hybrid enzyme. The heterologous small subunits bound an order of magnitude less tightly than homologous small subunits and the specific activity of the hybrid, when fully saturated with foreign small subunits, was about half that of the homologously reassembled or native Synechococcus enzyme. In addition, the Km(CO2) of the hybrid was about twice as high. However, the degree of partitioning between carboxylation and oxygenation was identical for the hybrid, the homologously reassembled, and the native Synechococcus enzymes and clearly less in favor of carboxylation than partitioning by the spinach enzyme. Therefore, this important facet of catalysis by ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase appears to be specified exclusively by the large subunit. PMID- 3921535 TI - Augmentation of unesterified arachidonic acid in the renal inner medulla of dexamethasone-treated rats. Relationship to altered triglyceride metabolism. AB - The present study was designed to investigate the effect of dexamethasone treatment for 2 weeks (2.5 mg/kg/week, subcutaneously) on the level of unesterified fatty acids, particularly arachidonic acid, in the renal medulla of rats, and to relate the observed effect to changes in the tissue concentration and the fatty acid composition of renal medulla phospholipids and triglycerides. Dexamethasone treatment caused an increase in the renal inner medulla level of unesterified fatty acids, including arachidonic acid, that was associated with a reduction of triglycerides and of arachidonic acid esterified into triglycerides, and with an increase in the rate of fatty acids esterification into triglycerides. In contrast, dexamethasone treatment did not affect the renal medulla concentration of phospholipids, the arachidonic acid content of renal medulla phospholipids, or the rate of esterification of fatty acids into renal medulla phospholipids. In the face of increased fatty acid esterification into triglycerides, the finding of reduced triglyceride levels in the renal medulla of dexamethasone-treated rats suggests excessive triglyceride breakdown. If so, fatty acids including arachidonic acid liberated from triglycerides may contribute to elevation of unesterified fatty acid levels in the renal medulla during dexamethasone treatment. The increased level of free arachidonic acid in the renal medulla of dexamethasone-treated rats may explain in part the reported effect of this steroid in increasing urinary prostaglandins. PMID- 3921536 TI - Sterol carrier protein 2 and fatty acid-binding protein. Separate and distinct physiological functions. AB - Sterol carrier protein 2 (SCP-2) participates in the microsomal conversion of lanosterol to cholesterol, in the conversion of cholesterol to cholesterol ester, and in intracellular cholesterol transfers. The stoichiometry of binding between cholesterol and SCP-2 is 1:1. However, reports have appeared attributing sterol carrier protein activity to a protein preparation identical to hepatic fatty acid binding protein (FABP). Therefore, the present investigation was conducted to compare homogeneous preparations of FABP and SCP-2 with respect to their capacities to participate as carrier proteins in reactions involving sterols or fatty acids. The results show that SCP-2 and FABP have separate and distinct physiological functions, with SCP-2 participating in reactions involving sterols and FABP participating in reactions involving fatty acid binding and/or transport. Furthermore, there is no overlap in substrate specificities, i.e. FABP does not possess sterol carrier protein activity and SCP-2 does not specifically bind or transport fatty acid. As long as only small quantities of organic solvent (1.6 volume %) were used for substrate addition, the sterol delta 7-reductase liver microsomal assay for SCP-2 correlated well with the physiologically relevant assays employed in the reconstituted adrenal system. The sterol carrier protein activity previously attributed to rat hepatic FABP is explained by the presence of significant quantities of propylene glycol (15 volume %) or Tween 80 in the assay procedure. PMID- 3921537 TI - In vivo phosphorylation of liver glycogen synthase. Isolation of the 32P-labeled enzyme and studies on the nature of the bound [32P]phosphates. AB - Our previous study (Tan, A. W. H., and Nuttall, F. Q. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 9624-9630) indicated that liver synthase D contained a large number of endogenous phosphates, 12 of which were stable and 6 labile to alkali treatment. We wished to investigate the nature of the phosphates on synthase which became isotopically labeled when inorganic [32P]phosphate was given either to intact rats or to isolated liver cells. An antibody against liver synthase D was used for the isolation of synthase. The antibody recognized both the phosphorylated and dephosphorylated form of the enzyme, native as well as partially cleaved species. A large enzyme form, with Mr of 90,000 as well as one with Mr of 73,000 was observed. A 61% decrease in [32P]phosphate was found in synthase when prelabeled liver cells were treated with glucose, whereas a 25% increase was seen in cells treated with glucagon. After [32P]synthase D was converted to synthase I by synthase phosphatase, 95% of the [32P]phosphate was lost. All of the bound [32P]phosphates were found to be labile to alkali. Thus, under the in vivo conditions used, the [32P]phosphates incorporated into synthase were characterized by their fast turnover rate, alkali lability and susceptibility to the action of synthase phosphatase, both in vivo and in vitro. These criteria serve to distinguish them from the slower turning-over, alkali-stable phosphates found previously in both synthases D and I. PMID- 3921538 TI - Detection and characterization of carrier-mediated cationic amino acid transport in lysosomes of normal and cystinotic human fibroblasts. Role in therapeutic cystine removal? AB - The discovery of a trans-stimulation property associated with lysine exodus from lysosomes of human fibroblasts has enabled us to characterize a system mediating the transport of cationic amino acids across the lysosomal membrane of human fibroblasts. The cationic amino acids arginine, lysine, ornithine, diaminobutyrate, histidine, 2-aminoethylcysteine, and the mixed disulfide of cysteine and cysteamine all caused trans-stimulation of the exodus of radiolabeled lysine from the lysosomal fraction of human fibroblasts at pH 6.5. In contrast, neutral and acidic amino acids did not affect the rate of lysine exodus. trans-Stimulation of lysine exodus was observed over the pH range from 5.5 to 7.6, was specific for the L-isomer of the cationic amino acid, and was intolerant to methylation of the alpha-amino group of the amino acid. The lysosomotropic amine, chloroquine, greatly retarded lysine exodus, whereas the presence of sodium ion was without effect. The specificity and lack of Na+ dependence of this lysosomal transport system is similar to that of System y+ present on the plasma membrane of human fibroblasts. In addition, we find cystine exodus from the lysosomal fraction of cystinotic human fibroblasts to be greatly retarded as compared to that of normal human fibroblasts with half-times of exodus similar to those reported for the lysosomes of cystinotic and normal human leukocytes (Gahl, W. A., Tietze, F., Bashan, N., Steinherz, R., and Schulman, J. D. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 9570-9575). In contrast, normal and cystinotic human fibroblasts did not show any differences with regard to lysine efflux or its trans-stimulation by cationic amino acids. An important mechanism by which cysteamine treatment of cystinosis allows cystine escape from lysosomes may be the ability of the mixed disulfide of cysteine and cysteamine formed by sulfhydryl-disulfide exchange to migrate by this newly discovered system mediating cationic amino acid transport. PMID- 3921539 TI - Purification and properties of rat liver globotriaosylceramide synthase, UDP galactose:lactosylceramide alpha 1-4-galactosyltransferase. AB - The enzyme which catalyzes the transfer of galactose from UDP-galactose to lactosylceramide (LacCer) was obtained in a 32,000-fold purified and apparently homogeneous form from rat liver by a procedure involving affinity chromatography on UDP-hexanolamine-Sepharose and LacCer-Sepharose. The enzyme is composed of two nonidentical subunits whose apparent molecular weights are 65,000 and 22,000. Methylation and hydrolysis of the product formed by incubation of the enzyme with UDP-galactose and [3H]LacCer yielded 2,3,6-tri-O-methyl-[3H]galactose, indicating that a galactose residue was introduced to position C-4 of the terminal galactose of the LacCer. The product also specifically reacted with monoclonal antibody directed to globotriaosylceramide (Gal alpha 1-4Gal beta 1-4Glc beta 1-1Cer). This indicates that the purified enzyme is exclusively alpha 1-4 galactosyltransferase. Studies on substrate specificity indicate that the purified enzyme is highly specific for the synthesis of GbOse3Cer and is clearly distinct from the enzymes responsible for the formation of iGbOse3Cer (Gal alpha 1-3Gal beta 1-4Glc-Cer) and blood group-B substance, which possess alpha 1-3 galactosidic linkages at the nonreducing termini. The enzyme is also distinct from the alpha 1-4-galactosyltransferase which catalyzes the formation of galabiaosylceramide (Gal alpha 1-4Gal beta 1-1Cer) and IV4Gal-nLacOse4 (P1 antigen). These studies represent the first report of the properties of a highly purified alpha-galactosyltransferase catalyzing the transfer of sugar residues to glycolipids. PMID- 3921540 TI - Crystallization of the protective antigen protein of Bacillus anthracis. AB - The protective antigen protein, one of the three separate proteins constituting the exotoxin system of Bacillus anthracis, has been crystallized in a form suitable for structural studies. The crystal form which is most amenable to x-ray analysis is orthorhombic, space group P2(1)2(1)2(1), a = 101.1 A, b = 95.4 A, c = 87.3 A, with one protective antigen monomer/asymmetric unit. The crystals diffract to approximately 3.0-A resolution. PMID- 3921541 TI - Malonyl coenzyme A synthetase. Purification and properties. AB - Malonyl coenzyme A synthetase (EC 6.2.1.14) was induced in Pseudomonas fluorescens grown on malonate as a sole carbon source. This enzyme was purified, for the first time, over 30-fold by the combination of ammonium sulfate precipitation, Sephadex G-150 gel filtration, DEAE-Sephacel ion exchange chromatography, and hydroxylapatite chromatography. The purified enzyme, which had a specific activity of about 0.512 mumol/min/mg, appeared to be electrophoretically homogeneous. The molecular size of the enzyme was determined to be 98,000 Da which is composed of two 49,000-Da subunits. The optimum pH for the enzyme was 7.5. Malonyl coenzyme A synthetase requires ATP, CoA, and Mg2+ for the full enzyme activity. With succinate or acetate, the synthetic rate of CoA derivative was 40% of that observed with malonate. The malonyl coenzyme A synthetase showed typical Michaelis-Menten kinetics for the substrate, malonate, ATP, and coenzyme A, from which the Km values were calculated to be 3.8 X 10(-4) M, 2 X 10(-3) M, and 10(-4) M and Vmax values to be 0.117 mumol/min/mg, 0.111 mumol/min/mg, and 0.142 mumol/min/mg, respectively. The purified malonyl coenzyme A synthetase was immunogenic in the rabbit and Ouchterlony double diffusion analysis revealed a single precipitant line with the enzyme. The antiserum inhibited the enzyme activity and the extent of inhibition was dependent on the amount of the serum added. PMID- 3921542 TI - Plasminogen activator in the rat ovary. Production and gonadotropin regulation of the enzyme in granulosa and thecal cells. AB - The production of plasminogen activator by ovarian granulosa cells has been previously reported to be temporally correlated with ovulation in the rat and to be under hormonal control of gonadotropins. We have examined the type of plasminogen activator produced by granulosa cells and also investigated other ovarian cell types for synthesis of this enzyme. Using antibodies specific for tissue-type or urokinase-type plasminogen activator, we have found that granulosa cells produce exclusively the tissue-type enzyme. However, in cultures of whole follicles isolated from the ovary, there is primarily synthesis of urokinase-type plasminogen activator. Examination of other isolated ovarian cell types has demonstrated that thecal cells secrete the urokinase-type plasminogen activator and that the production of this enzyme is also regulated by gonadotropins and temporally correlated with ovulation. These results suggest that ovulation requires both types of plasminogen activator and that the neighboring granulosa and thecal cells cooperate to ensure rupture of the follicle wall and unimpeded passage of the ovum into the oviduct. PMID- 3921543 TI - Direct evidence that burst but not sustained secretion of prolactin stimulated by thyrotropin-releasing hormone is dependent on elevation of cytoplasmic calcium. AB - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone stimulation of prolactin secretion from rat pituitary (GH3) cells is biphasic with a secretory burst (0-2 min) at a higher rate, followed by sustained secretion (beyond 2 min) at a lower rate. Based on the effects of calcium ionophores, K+ depolarization, and diacylglycerol (or phorbol esters), it was suggested that the secretory burst is dependent on elevation of cytoplasmic free calcium concentration [( Ca2+]i) whereas sustained secretion is mediated by lipid-activated protein phosphorylation. In this study, we pretreated GH3 cells with 0.03 mM arachidonic acid to abolish thyrotropin releasing hormone-induced elevation of [Ca2+]i (Kolesnick, R. N., and Gershengorn, M. C. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 707-713). In control cells, basal secretion was 0.7 +/- 0.2 ng/10(6) cells/min which increased to 8.3 +/- 0.8 between 0 and 2 min after TRH and remained elevated at 3.3 +/- 0.2 between 2-10 min. In cells pretreated with arachidonic acid, TRH stimulated prolactin secretion to only 2.6 +/- 0.3 ng/10(6) cells/min between 0 and 2 min and to 3.2 +/- 0.2 between 2 to 10 min; these values are not different from each other nor from the response between 2 and 10 min in control cells. K+ depolarization, which elevates [Ca2+]i even in arachidonic acid-pretreated cells but does not affect lipid metabolism, caused only a secretory burst. Bovine serum albumin, which binds free arachidonic acid and reverses arachidonic acid inhibition of TRH induced elevation of [Ca2+]i, reversed the inhibition of the secretory burst stimulated by TRH. These studies present direct evidence that the burst of prolactin secretion stimulated by TRH is dependent on an elevation of [Ca2+]i whereas the sustained phase of secretion is independent of such elevation. PMID- 3921544 TI - Relations between synthesis of deoxyribonucleotides and DNA replication in 3T6 fibroblasts. AB - In exponentially growing 3T6 cells, the synthesis of deoxythymidine triphosphate (dTTP) is balanced by its utilization for DNA replication, with a turnover of the dTTP pool of around 5 min. We now investigate the effects of two inhibitors of DNA synthesis (aphidicolin and hydroxyurea) on the synthesis and degradation of pyrimidine deoxynucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs). Complete inhibition of DNA replication with aphidicolin did not decrease the turnover of pyrimidine dNTP pools labeled from the corresponding [3H]deoxynucleosides, only partially inhibited the in situ activity of thymidylate synthetase and resulted in excretion into the medium of thymidine derived from breakdown of dTTP synthesized de novo. These data demonstrate continued synthesis of dTTP in the absence of DNA replication. In contrast, hydroxyurea decreased the turnover of pyrimidine dNTP pools 5-50-fold. Hydroxyurea is an inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase and stops DNA synthesis by depleting cells of purine dNTPs but not pyrimidine dNTPs. Our results suggest that degradation of dNTPs is turned off by an unknown mechanism when de novo synthesis is blocked. PMID- 3921545 TI - Ion dependence of the Bacillus subtilis RNase P reaction. AB - The properties of the Bacillus subtilis RNase P are characterized with regard to the types and concentrations of monovalent and divalent ions required to potentiate precursor tRNA cleavage by the protein-RNA holoenzyme and the catalytic RNA alone. The ionic dependence of the RNase P RNA-catalyzed reaction in part seems due to a requirement for ion shielding between substrate and catalytic RNAs. The RNase P protein, which binds to RNA nonspecifically and tightly, likely serves, in part, as a cation screen. However, the character of the ion dependence of the RNA catalysis, the inhibition by high SO2-4 concentration, and potentiation by solvents suggest that RNA conformational transition may be involved in the reaction. It is proposed that the reason for catalysis by RNA in the RNase P reaction may be a requirement for fluidity in the structure of the catalyst, so that it can accommodate many tRNA substrates, which vary in their structural details. PMID- 3921546 TI - Effects of monensin on the synthesis, transport, and intracellular degradation of proteoglycans in rat ovarian granulosa cells in culture. AB - Rat ovarian granulosa cells, isolated from immature female rats 48 h after stimulation with 5 IU of pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin, were maintained in culture. The effects of monensin, a monovalent cationic ionophore, on various aspects of proteoglycan metabolism were studied by metabolically labeling cultures with [35S]sulfate, [3H]glucosamine, or [3H]glucose. Monensin inhibited post-translational modification of both heparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycans and dermatan sulfate (DS) proteoglycans, resulting in decreased synthesis of completed proteoglycans [( 35S]sulfate incorporation decreased to 10% of control by 30 microM monensin, with an ED50 approximately 1 microM). Proteoglycans synthesized in the presence of monensin showed undersulfation of both DS and HS glycosaminoglycans and altered N-linked and O-linked oligosaccharides, suggesting that the processing of all sugar moieties is closely associated. Monensin caused a decrease in the endogenous sugar supply to the UDP-N-acetylhexosamine pool as indicated by an increased 3H incorporation into DS chains [( 3H]glucosamine as precursor) in spite of the decrease in glycosaminoglycan synthesis. Monensin reduced and delayed transport of both secretory and membrane-associated proteoglycans from the Golgi complex to the cell surface. It took 2-4 min for newly labeled proteoglycans to reach the main transport process inhibited by monensin. Monensin at 30 microM did not prevent internalization of cell surface 35S-labeled proteoglycans but almost completely inhibited their intracellular degradation to free [35S]sulfate (ED50 approximately 1 microM), resulting in intracellular accumulation of both DS and HS proteoglycans. Pulse-chase experiments demonstrated that one of the intracellular degradation pathways involving proteolysis of both DS and HS proteoglycans and limited endoglycosidic cleavage of HS continued to operate in the presence of monensin. These results suggest that the intracellular degradation of proteoglycans involve both acidic and nonacidic compartments with monensin inhibiting those processes that normally occur in such acidic compartments as endosomes or lysosomes by raising their pH. PMID- 3921547 TI - Amplified expression of streptomyces endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H in Escherichia coli and characterization of the enzyme product. AB - The endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H (Endo H) gene from Streptomyces plicatus has been cloned into the Escherichia coli plasmid pKC30 (Shimatake, H., and Rosenberg, M. (1981) Nature 272, 128-132), thus placing expression of this gene under control of the strong lambda promoter pL. The construction, pKCE3, which includes a properly positioned E. coli ribosome binding site from the lac operon (Robbins, P.W., Trimble, R. B., Wirth, D.F., Hering, C., Maley, F. Maley, G. F., Das, R., Gibson, B.W., and Biemann, K. (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 7577-7583), was used to transform an E. coli strain lysogenic for a lambda prophage containing a temperature-sensitive repressor. By shifting cultures of pKCE3 lysogens to 42 degrees C, the production of Endo H commenced and was linear for about 1 h. Enzyme yields were amplified 150-fold above those obtained from comparable cultures of S. plicatus and represented 3 to 4% of total cellular protein, which enabled purification of Endo H to homogeneity by a rapid fourstep procedure. Although most of the cloned Endo H was secreted into the periplasmic space by E. coli, its 4 kDa leader sequence peptide (Robbins et al. (1984] was only partially removed during processing. As a result the purified pKCE3 Endo H was a heterogeneous population of molecules with an average molecular mass of 31 kDa compared to the 28.9 kDa fully processed product normally secreted by S. plicatus. Despite the residual approximately 2 kDa of leader sequence on the cloned pKCE3 product, there were no detectable differences in either the substrate specificity or the stability characteristics of the enzyme purified from E. coli or from S. plicatus. Of particular value for studies on glycoproteins was the finding that the genetically engineered Endo H was completely free of proteolytic contaminants. PMID- 3921548 TI - Purification of a mammary-derived growth factor from human milk and human mammary tumors. AB - A growth factor, mammary-derived growth factor 1 (MDGF1), has been purified to apparent homogeneity from human milk. The factor is a pepsin-sensitive, reducing agent-insensitive protein with a molecular mass of 62 kDa and a pI of 4.8. An apparently identical factor has been isolated from human mammary tumors, suggesting that MDGF1 might be made by and act as an autocrine growth factor for mammary cells. High affinity receptors for MDGF1 have been detected on mouse mammary cells, normal rat kidney cells, and A431 epidermoid cells (KD = 2 X 10( 10) M). MDGF1 at picomolar levels stimulates the growth of mammary cells and greatly amplifies their production of collagen, apparently via elevating collagen mRNA levels, an effect that is demonstrated for normal rat kidney cells. The responsiveness of mammary cells to MDGF1 is attenuated when the cells are grown on a basement membrane collagen substratum, a component of the extracellular matrix upon which these cells normally rest in vivo. MDGF1 thus may regulate the production of new basement membrane as mammary epithelium invades the stroma during proliferation. PMID- 3921549 TI - Characterization of vinblastine-induced supersensitivity in the rat. AB - A single dose of vinblastine (3 mg/kg, i.v.) in the rat produced a long lasting depletion of endogenous (-)noradrenaline (NA) in atria as well as in vasa deferentia, the depletion being greater in atria than in vasa deferentia. The maximum depletion of NA in atria occurred between 60 and 90 h after vinblastine, while in vasa deferentia the maximum depletion was 35%, 120 h after vinblastine. The 30 min in vitro uptake of (-)-(3H) NA in atria was inhibited between 78 and 83% at 30, 60 and 120 h after vinblastine. In vasa deferentia the maximum inhibition of 25% was seen 15 h after vinblastine, however the NA uptake had returned to control level between 60 and 120 h after vinblastine. The effect of vinblastine pretreatment on the sensitivity of atria to NA and ( )isoprenaline(ISOP), and of vasa deferentia to NA, (-)phenylephrine (PHE), and methoxamine (ME) was evaluated. It was found that atria became highly sensitive to the (+) chronotropic effect of NA without significant change in sensitivity to ISOP. The sensitivity of vas deferens to NA and PHE was moderately increased without significantly affecting the sensitivity to ME. The magnitude of the supersensitivity was expressed in terms of the ratio of the geometric mean ED50 of an agonist in control tissue to that obtained in the same tissue from treated animals. The sensitivity of atria to NA increased 1.5, 3.9, 7.8, and 6.7 fold, 15, 30, 60 and 120 h after vinblastine, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3921550 TI - Calcium restriction prolongs metaphase in dividing Tradescantia stamen hair cells. AB - Agents that lower extracellular calcium concentration (EGTA) or modulate calcium transport (lanthanum or D600) have been applied to dividing stamen hair cells of Tradescantia and analyzed for their ability to change the following: (a) the time required to progress from nuclear envelope breakdown to the onset of anaphase (metaphase transit time), (b) the time required to progress from anaphase to the initiation of the cell plate, and (c) the rate of chromosome motion in anaphase. Control cells complete metaphase in 32 min, initiate a cell plate in 19 min, and display a chromosome motion rate of 1.45 micron/min. If cells are treated with a calcium-EGTA buffer (pCa 8) for 4 h, the metaphase transit time is increased to 53 min without any change in the time of cell plate formation or the rate of chromosome motion. Lanthanum and D600, under conditions in which their access to the plasmalemma has been facilitated by pretreating the cells with cutinase, also markedly extend metaphase and in several instances permanently arrest cells. Lanthanum, however, produce little or no change in cell plate initiation or the rate of chromosome motion. Microscopic observations of the mitotic apparatus in calcium-stressed cells reveal normal chromatin condensation and metaphase progression. Chromosomes partly untwine but remain attached at their kinetochores. It is suggested that a flux of calcium, derived from the extracellular compartment, may cause the final splitting of sister chromosomes and trigger the onset of anaphase. However, once anaphase has begun, chromosome motion and cell plate initiation proceed normally even under conditions of extracellular calcium restriction. PMID- 3921551 TI - Triton X-100 extraction of P815 tumor cells: evidence for a plasma membrane skeleton structure. AB - It has been shown that a Triton X-100-insoluble protein matrix can be isolated from the plasma membranes of P815 tumor cells and murine lymphoid cells (Mescher, M. F., M. J. L. Jose and S. P. Balk, 1981, Nature (Lond.), 289:139-144). The properties of the matrix suggested that this set of proteins might form a membrane skeletal structure, stable in the absence of the lipid bilayer. Since purification of plasma membrane results in yields of only 20 to 40%, it was not clear whether the matrix was associated with the entire plasma membrane. To determine if a detergent-insoluble structure was present over the entire cell periphery and stable in the absence of the membrane bilayer or cytoskeletal components, we have examined extraction of whole cells with Triton X-100. Using the same conditions as those used for isolation of the matrix from membranes, we found that extraction of intact cells resulted in structures consisting of a continuous layer of protein at the periphery, a largely empty cytoplasmic space, and a nuclear remnant. Little or no lipid bilayer structure was evident in association with the peripheral layer, and no filamentous cytoskeletal structures could be seen in the cytoplasmic space by thin-section electron microscopy. Analysis of these Triton shells showed them to retain approximately 15% of the total cell protein, most of which was accounted for by low molecular weight nuclear proteins. 5'-Nucleotidase, a cell surface enzyme that remains associated with the plasma membrane matrix, was quantitatively recovered with the shells. Included among the polypeptides present in the shells was a set with mobilities identical to those of the set that makes up the plasma membrane matrix. The polypeptide composition of the shells further confirmed that cytoskeletal proteins were present to a very low extent, if at all, after the extraction. The results demonstrate that a detergent-insoluble protein matrix associated with the periphery of these cells forms a continuous, intact macrostructure whose stability is independent of the membrane bilayer or filamentous cytoskeletal elements, and thus has the properties of a membrane skeletal structure. Although not yet directly demonstrated, the results also strongly suggest that this peripheral layer is composed of the previously described set of plasma membrane matrix proteins. This article discusses possible roles for this proposed membrane skeletal structure in stabilizing the membrane bilayer and affecting the dynamics of other membrane proteins. PMID- 3921552 TI - Differentiated microdomains of the luminal plasmalemma of murine muscle capillaries: segmental variations in young and old animals. AB - We investigated the luminal surface of the continuous endothelium of the microvasculature of the murine heart and diaphragm to find out whether it has differentiated microdomains. The probes were ferritin molecules, cationized to pI's 6.8, 7.15, 7.6, 8.0 and 8.4, which were introduced by retrograde or anterograde perfusion through the aorta or vena cava after the blood was removed from the vasculature. The pattern of labeling was analyzed by electron microscopy and assessed quantitatively by morphometry in arterioles, capillaries, and venules identified in bipolar microvascular fields in the diaphragm. The results showed that the plasmalemma proper was heavily but discontinuously labeled by all cationized ferritins (CF) used, the labeling being less extensive on the venular endothelium. CF had access as individual molecules to a fraction of the vesicular population opened on the luminal front of the endothelium. Plasmalemmal vesicle labeling increased from approximately 10 to approximately 25% as the pI decreased from 8.4 to 6.8. Vesicle labeling also increased with CF concentration in the perfusate. All CF binding sites were removed by pronase and papain. Heparinase and heparitinase caused only a slight reduction in CF labeling. Neuraminidase decreased the extent and density of labeling, especially on the plasmalemma proper of the venular endothelium; this decrease was particularly pronounced in old animals. PMID- 3921553 TI - Calcium control of ciliary reversal in ionophore-treated and ATP-reactivated comb plates of ctenophores. AB - Previous work showed that ctenophore larvae swim backwards in high-KCl seawater, due to a 180 degrees reversal in the direction of effective stroke of their ciliary comb plates (Tamm, S. L., and S. Tamm, 1981, J. Cell Biol., 89: 495-509). Ion substitution and blocking experiments indicated that this response is Ca2+ dependent, but comb plate cells are innervated and presumably under nervous control. To determine whether Ca2+ is directly involved in activating the ciliary reversal mechanism and/or is required for synaptic triggering of the response, we (a) determined the effects of ionophore A23187 and Ca2+ on the beat direction of isolated nerve-free comb plates dissociated from larvae by hypotonic, divalent cation-free medium, and (b) used permeabilized ATP-reactivated models of comb plates to test motile responses to known concentrations of free Ca2+. We found that 5 microM A23187 and 10 mM Ca2+ induced dissociated comb plate cells to beat in the reverse direction and to swim counterclockwise in circular paths instead of in the normal clockwise direction. Detergent/glycerol-extracted comb plates beat actively in the presence of ATP, and reactivation was reversibly inhibited by micromolar concentrations of vanadate. Free Ca2+ concentrations greater than 10(-6)M caused reversal in direction of the effective stroke but no significant increase in beat frequency. These results show that ciliary reversal in ctenophores, like that in protozoa, is activated by an increase in intracellular free Ca2+ ions. This allows the unique experimental advantages of ctenophore comb plate cilia to be used for future studies on the site and mechanism of action of Ca2+ in the regulation of ciliary motion. PMID- 3921554 TI - Distribution of the cell substratum attachment (CSAT) antigen on myogenic and fibroblastic cells in culture. AB - Previous studies (Neff et al., 1982, J. Cell. Biol. 95:654-666; Decker et al., 1984. J. Cell. Biol. 99:1388-1404) have described a monoclonal antibody (CSAT Mab) directed against a complex of three integral membrane glycoproteins of 120,000-160,000 mol wt (CSAT antigen [ag]) involved in the cell matrix adhesion of myoblasts and fibroblasts. In localization studies on fibroblasts presented here, CSAT ag has a discrete, well-organized distribution pattern. It co-aligns with portions of stress fibers and is enriched at the periphery of, but not directly beneath vinculin-rich focal contacts. In this last location, it co distributes with fibronectin, consistent with the suggestion that the CSAT ag participates in the mechanism by which fibroblasts attach to fibronectin. In prefusion myoblasts, which are rapidly detached by CSAT Mab, CSAT ag is distributed diffusely as are vinculin, laminin, and fibronectin. After fusion, myotubes become more difficult to detach with CSAT Mab. The CSAT ag and vinculin are organized in a much more discrete pattern on the myotube surface, becoming enriched at microfilament bundle termini and in lateral lamellae which appear to attach myotubes to the substratum. These results suggest that the organization of CSAT ag-adhesive complexes on the surface of myogenic cells can affect the stability of their adhesive contacts. We conclude from the sum of the studies presented that, in both myogenic and fibroblastic cells, the CSAT ag is localized in sites expected of a surface membrane mediator of cell adhesion to extracelluon of CSAT ag-adhesive complexes on the surface of myogenic cells can affect the stability of their adhesive contacts. We conclude from the sum of the studies presented that, in both myogenic and fibroblastic cells, the CSAT ag is localized in sites expected of a surface membrane mediator of cell adhesion to extracellular matrix. The results from studies that use fibroblasts in particular suggest the involvement of CSAT ag in the adhesion of these cells to fibronectin. PMID- 3921555 TI - Reversible chromosome condensation induced in Drosophila embryos by anoxia: visualization of interphase nuclear organization. AB - We have studied the morphology of nuclei in Drosophila embryos during the syncytial blastoderm stages. Nuclei in living embryos were viewed with differential interference-contrast optics; in addition, both isolated nuclei and fixed preparations of whole embryos were examined after staining with a DNA specific fluorescent dye. We find that: (a) The nuclear volumes increase dramatically during interphase and then decrease during prophase of each nuclear cycle, with the magnitude of the nuclear volume increase being greatest for those cycles with the shortest interphase. (b) Oxygen deprivation of embryos produces a rapid developmental arrest that is reversible upon reaeration. During this arrest, interphase chromosomes condense against the nuclear envelope and the nuclear volumes increase dramatically. In these nuclei, individual chromosomes are clearly visible, and each condensed chromosome can be seen to adhere along its entire length to the inner surface of the swollen nuclear envelope, leaving the lumen of the nucleus devoid of DNA. (c) In each interphase nucleus the chromosomes are oriented in the "telophase configuration," with all centromeres and all telomeres at opposite poles of the nucleus; all nuclei at the embryo periphery (with the exception of the pole cell nuclei) are oriented with their centromeric poles pointing to the embryo exterior. PMID- 3921556 TI - Retinoids antagonize the induction of ornithine decarboxylase activity by phorbol esters and phospholipase C in rat tracheal epithelial cells. AB - In this study we examined the action of phorbol esters, several phospholipases and retinoids on the induction of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity in rat tracheal epithelial cells. 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) induces ODC activity in these cells in a dose-and time-dependent manner. This induction is inhibited by cycloheximide indicating a requirement for protein synthesis. Tracheal epithelial 2C5 cells contain two binding sites for phorbol esters, one with a high affinity KD,1 = 4.58 nM and one with a low affinity KD,2 = 344.8 nM. The ability of several phorbol esters to induce ODC correlates well with the described efficacy with which they bind to the receptor and is in agreement with the concept that phorbol ester receptors are involved in the induction of ODC. There is strong evidence that the phorbol ester receptor is the protein kinase C for which diacylglycerol is the physiological ligand. Treatment of cells with phospholipase C generates diacylglycerol and induces ODC activity in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Treatment with phospholipase A2 or D has no effect on ODC activity. These results support the concept that activation of protein kinase C is related to the induction of ODC activity. The induction of ODC by TPA as well as by phospholipase C is inhibited by retinoids. Specific cytosolic binding proteins for retinoids might be involved in at least some of the responses to these compounds. To examine whether the binding proteins are involved in the inhibition of ODC we determined the presence of these binding proteins and the structure-activity relationship of retinoids. Both retinol and retinoic acid binding proteins can be detected in 2C5 cells, their levels are 1.06 and 3.36 pmoles/mg protein, respectively. The ability of several retinoids to inhibit ODC induction correlates well with their binding activity and support a role for these binding proteins in the action of retinoids on ODC induction. PMID- 3921557 TI - Regional cerebral blood volume and hematocrit measured in normal human volunteers by single-photon emission computed tomography. AB - Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) was used for the measurement of regional cerebral blood volume (CBV) and hematocrit (Hct) in normal healthy human volunteers (mean age 30 +/- 8 years). Regional cerebral red blood cell (RBC) volume and plasma volume were determined separately and their responses to carbon dioxide were investigated. Ten right-handed healthy volunteers were the subjects studied. SPECT scans were performed following intravenous injection of the RBC tracer (99mTc-labeled RBC) and plasma tracer (99mTc-labeled human serum albumin) with an interval of 48 h. Regional cerebral Hct was calculated as the regional ratio between RBC and plasma volumes and then was used for calculating CBV. Mean regional CBV in the resting state was 4.81 +/- 0.37 ml/100 g brain, significantly greater in the left hemisphere compared with the right by 3.8% (p less than 0.01). Mean regional RBC volumes (1.50 +/- 0.09 ml/100 g brain) were less than mean regional plasma volumes (3.34 +/- 0.28 ml/100 g brain), and mean regional cerebral Hcts were 31.3 +/- 1.8%, which was 75.9 +/- 2.1% of the large vessel Hct. During 5% CO2 inhalation, increases in plasma volume (2.48 +/- 0.82%/mmHg PaCO2) were significantly greater than for RBC volume (1.46 +/- 0.48%/mmHg PaCO2). Consequently, the cerebral-to-large-vessel Hct ratio was reduced to 72.4 +/- 2.2%. Results emphasize the importance of cerebral Hct for the measurement of CBV and indicate that regional cerebral Hcts are not constant when shifted from one physiological state to another. PMID- 3921558 TI - Headspace gas chromatographic determination of beta-galactosidase activity using electron-capture detection. AB - A headspace gas chromatographic method for the determination of beta galactosidase (E.C. 3.2.1.23) activity is described. The method, in which 2,2,2 trichloroethyl beta-D-galactopyranoside (beta-TCG) is used as substrate, involves determination of the liberated 2,2,2-trichloroethanol by gas chromatography with electron capture detection. The preparation of beta-TCG and of 2,2,2 trichloroethyl alpha-D-galactopyranoside is described. A Km = 0.80 mM was found for the enzymatic hydrolysis of beta-TCG employing beta-galactosidase from Escherichia coli. The assay has been applied to the quantitative determination of E. coli bacteria. PMID- 3921559 TI - Simultaneous assay of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine, catecholamines and O-methylated metabolites in human plasma using high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - We devised a procedure for the simultaneous determination of 3,4 dihydroxyphenylalanine, catecholamines and O-methylated metabolites using a reversed-phase liquid chromatographic system. Detection is achieved by an electrochemical detector and a fluorescence detector connected in series. Sample preparation is kept to a minimum, and involves precipitation of proteins with trichloroacetic acid and perchloric acid, and subsequent neutralization, thus omitting the commonly adopted adsorption step. Chromatographic peaks were identified on the basis of retention behaviour and the ratio of responses at several oxidation potentials. The method was applied to the quantitative determination of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine, catecholamines and O-methylated metabolites in human plasma. PMID- 3921560 TI - Influence of prostaglandin E2 and indomethacin on interferon-gamma production by cultured peripheral blood leukocytes of multiple sclerosis patients and healthy donors. AB - The addition of indomethacin to concanavalin A (Con A)-induced cultures of human peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) caused an increase in interferon response, regardless of whether the PBLs were derived from multiple sclerosis (MS) patients or from control donors. Specifically the response rates increased from 71 to 100% in controls and from 24 to 53% in MS patient-derived cultures. The amounts of interferon produced also increased in both groups by 0.8 log U/ml. However, interferon yields of nonresponsive cultures becoming interferon-producing only after indomethacin treatment remained relatively low. In control cultures, maximal increases of interferon production were obtained with doses of 0.05 to 0.1 microgram/ml indomethacin; for MS patients higher doses were needed--0.1 to 0.5 microgram/ml. Conversely, a relatively low dose (0.05 microgram/ml) of exogenous prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was able to inhibit interferon production completely in MS patient-derived cultures, whereas in control cultures higher doses were needed (0.1 to 1.0 microgram/ml). Analysis of endogenous PGE2 levels in the PBL cultures revealed that PGE2 production was similar in nonresponder MS cultures and responder control cultures but that MS leukocytes were more sensitive to the inhibitory effect of PGE2 on interferon production. We conclude that in a minor percentage of MS patient-derived PBL cultures, the deficiency in interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production can be (partially) overcome by treatment of the cells with indomethacin. However, in the major part of nonresponder MS cultures, indomethacin has no effect, indicating that the PG system is not the major cause for the defective interferon response in MS. PMID- 3921561 TI - Radiometric selective inhibition tests for differentiation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium bovis, and other mycobacteria. AB - In the context of a busy reference laboratory, radiometric selective inhibition tests were evaluated for rapid differentiation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis and of the M. tuberculosis complex from other mycobacteria. p Nitro-alpha-acetylamino-beta-hydroxypropiophenone at 5 micrograms and hydroxylamine hydrochloride at 62.5 and 125 micrograms per ml of 7H12 medium were used to separate the M. tuberculosis complex from other mycobacteria (MOTT bacilli). Since it is important epidemiologically to distinguish M. tuberculosis from M. bovis, susceptibility to 1 microgram of thiophene-2-carboxylic acid per ml was also determined radiometrically. By using these three agents as selective inhibitors, M. tuberculosis, M. bovis, and MOTT bacilli were differentiated with a high degree of specificity by a BACTEC radiometric procedure. Results of tests performed on clinical isolates submitted on solid medium to our reference laboratory were available within 5 days. PMID- 3921562 TI - Proctitis associated with Neisseria cinerea misidentified as Neisseria gonorrhoeae in a child. AB - An 8-year-old boy developed proctitis. Rectal swabs yielded a Neisseria sp. that was repeatedly identified by API (Analytab Products, Plainview, N.Y.), Minitek (BBL Microbiology Systems, Cockeysville, Md.), and Bactec (Johnston Laboratories, Towson, Md.) methods as Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Subsequent testing in a reference laboratory yielded an identification of Neisseria cinerea. It is suggested that identification of a Neisseria sp. isolated from genital or rectal sites in a child be confirmed by additional serological, growth, and antibiotic susceptibility tests and, if necessary, by a reference laboratory. The implications of such misidentifications are discussed. PMID- 3921563 TI - Evaluation of the p-nitro-alpha-acetylamino-beta-hydroxypropiophenone differential test for identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. AB - The p-nitro-alpha-acetylamino-beta-hydroxypropiophenone (NAP) differential test for the identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis recovered from clinical specimens was evaluated by two laboratories and found to be a rapid and accurate procedure with a specificity exceeding 99%. PMID- 3921564 TI - Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteremia detected by the Isolator lysis centrifugation blood culture system. AB - Mycobacterium tuberculosis was detected by the Isolator lysis-centrifugation blood culture system from the blood of a patient with tuberculosis of the breast. The organism also grew on conventional laboratory media inoculated with pleural fluid from the patient. PMID- 3921565 TI - The role of computed tomography and radionuclide scintigraphy in the localization of osteomyelitis in flat bones. AB - The combined use of radionuclide scintigraphy and computed tomography is recommended for evaluating children with laboratory and clinical data suggestive of flat bone osteomyelitis despite normal conventional radiographs. In addition, computed tomography may be helpful in the presence of abnormal radiographs in determining the exact location of the focus of osteomyelitis and the most suitable route for appropriate drainage or to obtain culture material. PMID- 3921566 TI - Validation of the difference in urine and blood carbon dioxide tension during bicarbonate loading as an index of distal nephron acidification in experimental models of distal renal tubular acidosis. AB - Recent classifications of the several pathophysiologic types of distal renal tubular acidosis (secretory, voltage dependent, and gradient) have been based on the response of acidification parameters to a series of provocative maneuvers in vivo and in vitro. A reduction in the difference in urine and blood CO2 tension during bicarbonate loading (U-B pCO2 gradient), a widely applied parameter, has been employed as an index of reduced distal nephron proton secretion. This study was designed to test the validity of the U-B pCO2 gradient in a variety of experimental models of distal renal tubular acidosis by measuring and comparing disequilibrium pH (a direct technique to detect H+ secretion in situ) with the pCO2 in the papillary collecting duct of the rat in vivo during bicarbonate loading. Chronic amiloride, lithium chloride, and amphotericin-B administration, and the post-obstructed kidney models were employed. Amiloride resulted in an acidification defect which did not respond to sulfate infusion (urine pH = 6.15 +/- 0.08), and was associated with an obliteration of the acid disequilibrium pH (-0.26 +/- 0.05- -0.08 +/- 0.03) and reduction in papillary pCO2 (116.9 +/- 3.2 - 66.9 +/- 2.5 mmHg). The defect induced by lithium administration responded to Na2SO4 (urine pH = 5.21 +/- 0.06) but was similar to amiloride with respect to the observed reduction in disequilibrium pH (-0.04 +/- 0.02) and pCO2 (90.3 +/- 3.0 mmHg). The post-obstructed kidney model was characterized by an abnormally alkaline urine pH unresponsive to sulfate (6.59 +/- 0.06) and a reduction in disequilibrium pH (+0.02 +/- 0.06) and pCO2 (77.6 +/- 3.6 mmHg). Amphotericin-B resulted in a gradient defect as characterized by excretion of an acid urine after infusion of sodium sulfate (5.13 +/- 0.06). Unlike other models, however, amphotericin-B was associated with a significant acid disequilibrium pH (-0.11 +/ 0.05) and an appropriately elevated urine pCO2 (119.8 +/- 6.4 mmHg) which did not differ from the respective values in control rats. Thus, these findings support the use of the U-B pCO2 as a reliable means of demonstrating impaired distal nephron proton secretion in secretory and voltage-dependent forms of distal renal tubular acidosis (RTA) and supports the view that proton secretion is not impaired in gradient forms of distal RTA. PMID- 3921567 TI - Homology of the NH2-terminal amino acid sequences of the heavy and light chains of human monoclonal lupus autoantibodies containing the dominant 16/6 idiotype. AB - The NH2-terminal amino acid sequences have been determined by automated Edman degradation for the heavy and light chains of five monoclonal IgM anti-DNA autoantibodies that were produced by human-human hybridomas derived from lymphocytes of two patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Four of the antibodies were closely related to the idiotype system 16/6, whereas the fifth antibody was unrelated idiotypically. The light chains of the 16/6 idiotype positive autoantibodies (HF2-1/13b, HF2-1/17, HF2-18/2, and HF3-16/6) had identical amino acid sequences from residues 1 to 40. Their framework structures were characteristic of VKI light chains. The light chain of the 16/6 idiotype negative autoantibody HF6-21/28 was characteristic of the VKII subgroup. The heavy chains of the 16/6 idiotype-positive autoantibodies had nearly identical amino acid sequences from residues 1 to 40. The framework structures were characteristic of the VHIII subgroup. In contrast, the GM4672 fusion partner of the hybridoma produced small quantities of an IgG with a VHI heavy chain and a VKI light chain. The heavy chains of the lupus autoantibodies and the light chains of those autoantibodies that were idiotypically related to the 16/6 system had marked sequence homology with WEA, a Waldenstrom IgM that binds to Klebsiella polysaccharides and expresses the 16/6 idiotype. These results indicate a striking homology in the amino termini of the heavy and light chains of the lupus autoantibodies studied and suggest that the V regions of the heavy and light chains of the 16/6 idiotype-positive DNA-binding lupus auto-antibodies are each encoded by a single germ line gene. PMID- 3921568 TI - Transport of urokinase across the intestinal tract of normal human subjects with stimulation of synthesis and/or release of urokinase-type proteins. AB - Oral administration of clinical-type high molecular weight urokinase (HMW-UK) in a single dose of 30,000-60,000 International Units (IU) in enteric-coated capsules, in a group of normal human subjects, induced a plasma fibrinolytic state suggesting transport of HMW-UK across the intestinal tract. Other groups of human subjects were given a single dose of 120,000 IU daily of pure HMW-UK for 1 d and 7 d together with a placebo dose, all of the ingredients except urokinase (UK), daily for 7 d. UK-type proteins were isolated from the plasma of blood samples drawn 6 h after administration of the final dose, by a sequential two step affinity chromatography method first with [N alpha-(epsilon-aminocaproyl)-DL homoarginine hexylester]-Sepharose and second with a specific rabbit anti-HMW-UK IgG-Sepharose. The yield of UK-type proteins from the 7-d group, 0.79 mg/dl, was approximately twofold greater than that obtained from either the placebo or 1-d groups. The specific plasminogen activator activity of the 1-d and 7-d groups were similar, 508 and 537 IU/mg protein, respectively; negligible plasminogen activator activity could be detected in the placebo group. The kinetics of activation parameters of human Glu-plasminogen of the UK-type protein, isolated from the 1-d group, were similar to those obtained with urinary HMW-UK. The UK type proteins isolated only from the 7-d group showed, in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, a major protein band of molecular weight 53,000 in the same position as HMW-UK. In addition, two other major protein bands of approximately 140,000 and approximately 120,000 mol wt were found in the 7-d placebo-, and 1-d groups, and also in the 7-d group. The 53,000 mol wt protein, about 50% of the total protein in the 7-d group, was further purified by preparative SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and found to be a two-chain protein with a specific activity of 1,241 IU/mg protein. The protein showed common antigenic determinants with urinary HMW-UK. The oral administration of 120,000 IU HMW-UK to human subjects for 7 d stimulated the synthesis of a UK type protein of 53,000 mol wt, probably the zymogen, from either the liver or vascular endothelium, which was released into the circulation, and converted into active UK by circulating plasmin. The induction of the fibrinolytic state produced the conversion of native circulating Glu-plasminogen into the degraded Lys-plasminogen form, which was found in large amounts in the plasma of the 7-d group. The new plasma components, e.g., the 53,000-mol wt UK-zymogen and Lys plasminogen, could play an important role in clot resolution of the fibrin thrombus in thromboembolic diseases. Oral administration of HMW-UK has been shown to be clinically effective in patients with cerebral thrombosis in a multicenter double blind study. PMID- 3921569 TI - Effects of adrenalectomy and chronic adrenal corticosteroid replacement on potassium transport in rat kidney. AB - Clearance experiments were carried out in pair-fed rats to examine the long-term effects of adrenalectomy and selective adrenal corticosteroid replacement in physiological amounts on renal potassium transport. To this end, clearance studies were conducted in rats that were sham operated, or adrenalectomized (ADX). ADX animals were given either vehicle, aldosterone (0.5 microgram/100 g body wt per day), dexamethasone (1.2 micrograms/100 g body wt per day), or aldosterone and dexamethasone, by osmotic minipump for 7-9 d whereupon clearance experiments were conducted. After chronic hormone treatment, during basal conditions when only Ringers solution was infused, all groups excreted similar amounts of potassium. However, in all ADX animals without mineralocorticoid replacement, the maintenance of urinary potassium excretion at control levels was associated with hyperkalemia, increased urine flow, and natriuresis; all are factors known to stimulate urinary potassium excretion. During acute potassium infusion, the increase in urinary potassium excretion was less in ADX rats than in controls. This functional deficiency in potassium excretion was partially corrected by dexamethasone and was uniformly associated with a significant increase in urine flow. Aldosterone replacement or aldosterone and dexamethasone given together chronically, sharply increased potassium excretion but did not restore excretion to control levels. Only acute aldosterone infusion (0.2 microgram/100 g body wt bolus plus 0.2 microgram/100 g body wt per hour), superimposed upon chronic aldosterone and dexamethasone treatment, fully restored potassium excretion to control levels. This aldosterone induced enhancement of potassium excretion, both chronic and acute, was not associated with hyperkalemia, and increased urine flow or natriuresis. Thus, physiological levels of both classes of adrenal corticosteroids stimulate renal potassium excretion albeit by different mechanisms. Mineralocorticoids stimulate tubular potassium excretion directly, whereas glucocorticoids augment excretion indirectly by increasing fluid and sodium delivery along the distal nephron. PMID- 3921570 TI - Human platelet-derived growth factor stimulates prostaglandin synthesis by activation and by rapid de novo synthesis of cyclooxygenase. AB - Human platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) stimulated prostaglandin (PG) E2 synthesis in the cell cycle of Swiss 3T3 cells at two distinct time intervals, with a first plateau within 10 min and a second plateau within 2-4 h after addition of PDGF. At 4 h, the concentration of PGE2 in PDGF-stimulated cultures exceeded the quiescent control cells by a factor of 10-15. Quiescent cells incubated with up to 16 microM exogenous arachidonic acid (AA) synthesized only small amounts of PGE2. In contrast, 4 h after addition of PDGF, the concentration of PGE2 synthesized from exogenous AA exceeded that in quiescent cultures by a factor of 28. The effect of PDGF stimulation on PG synthesis from exogenous AA could not be explained by growth factor-mediated increase in the cellular free AA pool as shown in experiments using [14C]AA. PDGF also stimulated synthesis of PGI2 (prostacyclin), thromboxane, and PGF2 alpha from exogenous AA. While inhibition of protein synthesis by 10 micrograms/ml cycloheximide had no effect on the early increase in PGE2 synthesis, the second increase was completely prevented. Additionally, cycloheximide treatment at 6 h after PDGF stimulation resulted in rapid decline of PGE2 synthesis from exogenous AA. Quiescent cultures pretreated with 100 microM aspirin and stimulated by PDGF thereafter recovered from cyclooxygenase inhibition within 180 min. Our results suggest that phospholipase activation and resultant AA release is not sufficient to induce the burst of PG synthesis observed in PDGF-stimulated cells. Instead, PDGF stimulates PG synthesis by direct effects on the PG-synthesizing enzyme system, one involving a protein synthesis-independent mechanism and another that requires rapid translation of cyclooxygenase. PMID- 3921571 TI - Evidence for the involvement of B lymphoid cells in polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia. AB - Previous studies with the X-chromosome-linked glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) as a marker of cellular mosaicism demonstrated that polycythemia vera (PV) and essential thrombocythemia (ET) are clonal disorders of hematopoietic stem cells that can differentiate to erythrocytes, granulocytes, and platelets. To determine if the involved stem cells could also differentiate along the B lymphoid pathway, we studied one woman with PV and one woman with ET. Of 117 Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B-lymphoblastoid lines expressing a single G6PD derived from the patient with PV, 108 expressed G6PD type A, the type characteristic of the abnormal clone. The ratio of 108:9 was significantly different from the one to one ratio predicted for this patient, which suggested that at least some circulating progenitors for B-lymphoid cell lines differentiate from the stem cell involved by the disease. Results obtained from the patient with ET were similar--104 of the 109 lymphoblastoid lines monotypic for G6PD expression displayed the enzyme type found in the abnormal clone of marrow cells. Therefore, in these patients, PV and ET, like chronic myelogenous leukemia, involve a stem cell pluripotent for the lymphoid as well as the myeloid series. PMID- 3921572 TI - Studies on the procurement of blood coagulation factor VIII: effects of plasma freezing rate and storage conditions on cryoprecipitate quality. AB - Plasma was frozen and stored in different ways before processing to cryoprecipitate by a standard thawing technique. Freezing rate was found to be important with slow freezing having a deleterious effect on cryoprecipitate quality. Storage of frozen plasma at constant temperatures for periods up to six months had no effect on the quality of cryoprecipitate, with no difference being found for plasma stored at -20 degrees C or -40 degrees C. Subjecting frozen plasma to deliberate temperature fluctuations resulted in a considerable increase in the amount of fibrinogen recovered in cryoprecipitate, with the factor VIII yield being relatively unaffected. PMID- 3921573 TI - Technical method. Fresh frozen cryosupernatant in place of fresh frozen plasma for broad spectrum coagulation factor replacement. PMID- 3921574 TI - Occlusive wound dressings to prevent bacterial invasion and wound infection. AB - This study was designed to examine the possibility that some occlusive dressings are barriers to wound penetration by pathogenic bacteria. Two common skin pathogens, the nonmotile, Staphylococcus aureus, and the motile, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, were used to challenge dressings placed on partial-thickness wounds in swine. S. aureus was recovered from 100% of air-exposed wounds (log, 5.5 +/- 1.1) and from 50% of Op-Site-treated and Vigilon-treated wounds (log, 6.1 +/- 1.1). S. aureus was not isolated from DuoDERM-covered wounds. P. aeruginosa was recovered from 100% of air-exposed wounds (log, 5.1 +/- 0.5) and 100% of Op-Site covered and Vigilon-covered wounds (log, 5.8 +/- 1.8). P. aeruginosa was not recovered from DuoDERM-covered wounds. These studies lend support to the idea that dressings may protect wounds from invasion by pathogenic bacteria and demonstrate the need to evaluate their bacterial barrier properties in situ. PMID- 3921575 TI - Lysin production by phi C2(W), a prolate phage for Streptococcus lactis C2. AB - A bacteriophage, phi C2(W), which attacked Streptococcus lactis strains C2, ML3 and 712, is described. It had a prolate head and non-contractile tail and produced large haloes around plaques. Infection of eight paired-strain cultures, each containing Str. lactis C2, with phi C2(W) resulted in marked inhibition of acid production for six cultures. Direct phage-nonhomologous "host' contact was not required for inhibition. Lysates of phi C2(W) contained a phage-induced lysin. Evidence is presented that the inhibitory effect of phi C2(W) against paired and multi-strain cultures is due to the lysis of phage-insensitive strains by phage lysin. An isometric phage, phi 712, was shown not to produce such a lysin. PMID- 3921576 TI - Partial purification and some properties of phi C2(W) lysin, a lytic enzyme produced by phage-infected cells of Streptococcus lactis C2. AB - The lytic enzyme present in phi C2(W) lysates was isolated by means of ion exchange chromatography and further purified by gel filtration and ultrafiltration. The phage enzyme had an apparent pH optimum of 6.5-6.9 and was rapidly inactivated at temperatures greater than 47 degrees C. The apparent temperature optimum was 37 degrees C and Q10 and Ea values over the range 22-32 degrees C were 2.5 and 69.2 kJ/mol respectively. Monovalent and divalent cations activated the enzyme. Reduced -SH groups on the enzyme were required for lytic activity. Gel filtration revealed a mol. wt of approximately 46000. Strain dependent differences in sensitivity of group N lactic streptococci to lysin were found. Group D streptococci were also lysed. Strains of three species of Leuconostoc, two species of Lactobacillus, one strain of Escherichia coli and of Micrococcus lysodeikticus were apparently resistant. Analysis of cell wall degradation products gave results which were consistent with the lysin having the specificity of an N-acetylmuramidase. PMID- 3921577 TI - Inhibition by chelating agents of the formation of active extracellular proteinase by Pseudomonas fluorescens 32A. AB - The effect of chelating agents on extracellular proteinase production by Pseudomonas fluorescens 32A was examined. Increasing concentrations of orthophosphate slightly stimulated growth while inhibiting proteinase synthesis. Fifty per cent inhibition was found at 35 and 28 mM-orthophosphate at 5 and 20 degrees C respectively. Extracellular protein concentration was reduced by 30% when cells were grown with 100 mM-orthophosphate. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the cell-free supernatants suggested that reduced enzyme synthesis had taken place as evidenced by the decrease in staining intensity of the protein band corresponding to the proteinase. Other phosphate compounds could replace orthophosphate as an inhibitor. Extent of inhibition was related to chain length; polyphosphates with 4-6 or 13-18 phosphorus atoms were the most effective inhibitors. EDTA (0.5 mM) completely inhibited proteinase synthesis. This inhibition could be partly reversed by Ca2+ and, to a lesser extent, Mn2+. Proteinase production at 5 degrees C in skim milk was completely inhibited by phosphate glass (P13-P18). Control experiments showed that loss of activity with chelators was not due to inhibition of preformed enzyme. The results suggest a possible role for polyphosphates in controlling proteinase production in stored milk. PMID- 3921578 TI - Anorexia nervosa: aetiological theories and treatment methods. AB - There is a rapidly developing but confusing body of research on anorexia nervosa. For the non-specialist, trends in research are obscured by a diversity of definitions and variations in the proposed locus of pathology: the individual, the family or the socio-cultural environment. While anorexia is a disorder which particularly needs research from a wide range of perspectives, it is vital that the different trends are frequently reviewed and, in the treatment process, integrated. This review summarizes the most significant developments in research on anorexia, and serves as an overview for clinicians wishing to consult the literature selectivity and in more depth. PMID- 3921579 TI - Induction of acrosome reactions by chondroitin sulfates in vitro corresponds to nonreturn rates of dairy bulls. AB - This study was designed to relate nonreturn rates to induction of acrosome reactions by the glycosaminoglycan chondroitin sulfate. Semen samples were obtained from four bulls above and four bulls below 65% nonreturn. Washed sperm from four ejaculates from each bull were incubated for 9 h with 0, 1, 10, or 50 micrograms/ml chondroitin sulfate. Acrosome reactions were evaluated by microscopy with Nomarski optics. Sperm from the higher fertility bulls exhibited significantly higher percentages of acrosome reactions to 10 and 50 micrograms/ml of chondroitin sulfate, and the slope of their dose-response regression line was significantly greater. PMID- 3921580 TI - Effects of propionate and methylmalonate on conversions of acetate, butyrate, and D(-)-3-hydroxybutyrate to fatty acids and carbon dioxide by mammary tissue slices of goats. AB - Incorporations of [1-carbon-14] acetate, [1-carbon-14] propionate, n-[1-carbon 14] butyrate, and D(-)-3-hydroxy[3-carbon-14] butyrate into individual milk fatty acids and their conversion to carbon dioxide were studied in vitro with caprine mammary tissue slices in the presence and absence of propionate and methylmalonate. Neither propionate nor methylmalonate affected incorporation of these substances into fatty acids. In a decreasing order butyrate, acetate, propionate, and D(-)-3-hydroxybutyrate were converted to carbon dioxide. Acetate had the highest incorporation rate into fatty acids followed by D(-)-3 hydroxybutyrate, butyrate, and propionate. Labeled propionate was incorporated mainly into odd-numbered fatty acids. Results do not support the theory that either propionate or its metabolite, methylmalonate, inhibit de novo synthesis of fatty acids in the mammary gland in relation to the etiology of low milk fat syndrome. PMID- 3921581 TI - Two methods for administering colostrum to newborn calves. AB - Comparison was of immunoglobulin G concentrations in blood serum of calves to which colostrum was administered by nipple bottle or by esophageal tube. Pooled batches of colostrum were given by the designated method soon after birth and at 12 and 24 h thereafter. Blood samples to measure immunoglobulin G concentrations were taken before initial feeding and at 4-h intervals thereafter through 32 h. The rate of increase of immunoglobulin G concentration following feeding was essentially the same for calves given colostrum by the two methods, and the concentration attained by 20 h after initial feeding was similar for the two groups and adequate for calf survival. PMID- 3921582 TI - Indomethacin treatment in a patient with lithium-induced polyuria. AB - Lithium intoxication causes polyuria, central nervous system manifestations, and ultimately stupor progressing to coma. Moreover, polyuria leading to hypernatraemia itself can progress to convulsions and coma. We present a patient with lithium intoxication who remained polyuric, hypernatraemic and somnolent despite normal serum lithium concentrations. After institution of indomethacin orally, polyuria and hypernatraemia disappeared and patient regained consciousness. PMID- 3921583 TI - Combined enteral-parenteral nutrition versus total parenteral nutrition in brain injured patients. A comparative study. AB - A comparative nutritional study in brain-injured patients (BIP) was performed to assess the influence of a combined enteral-parenteral nutrition (CN) and a total parenteral nutrition (TPN) on protein catabolism in the early posttraumatic period. 20 male BIP (Glasgow coma scale 5-7) were randomized to one of the two feeding regimes. Nutritional support was based on 150-175% basic energy expenditure. Amino acid intake was 1.4 g/kg/day in the TPN and 2.4 g/kg/day in the CN group. Negative nitrogen balance (NNB) averaged means = 11.3 g/m2/day (SEM = 3.06 g/m2/day) in the TPN group and means = 10.2 g/m2/day (SEM = 2.33 g/m2/day) in the CN group. Between both feeding regimes not statistically significant differences could be observed concerning mortality, N-balance, creatinine and 3 methylhistidine excretions. Protein concentration of the regurgitated gastric fluid was significantly higher in the CN than in the TPN study group. Data imply that both alimentary regimes are of similar value, but BIP with impaired gastric function, such as high tube reflux, are better treated by TPN. PMID- 3921584 TI - Design and validation of an automatic metabolic monitor. AB - A self-calibrating fully automatic instrument for the measurement of oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production and the respiratory quotient of mechanically ventilated patients has been developed. The instrument is based on commercially available conventional oxygen and carbon dioxide gas analysers and a domestic natural gas volumetric flow meter. The distribution of the different gas flows, i.e. calibration gases, the inspiratory mixture sample and the expiratory mixture sample, are controlled by in inexpensive microprocessor, which also performs the necessary calculations. The accuracy of the instrument has been validated by bench tests. The present prototype has been in use for over 3000 h without major failures. PMID- 3921585 TI - Failure of transdermal nitroglycerin to improve exercise capacity in patients with angina pectoris. AB - Sixteen patients with stable angina pectoris were studied in a double blind crossover manner utilizing treadmill exercise testing with the direct measurement of total body oxygen uptake, 1 and 24 hours after application of a 20 cm2 transdermal nitroglycerin system and identical placebo. Testing was performed after a 3 day lead-in period of treatment with either an active patch or placebo. Points of analysis were peak angina and the submaximal work load occurring at 4 minutes of exercise. No statistically significant differences were observed between nitroglycerin and placebo treatment in any of the rest hemodynamic or peak angina variables at 1 or 24 hours. A significant increase in the rate pressure product at the submaximal work load was observed 1 hour after transdermal nitroglycerin relative to placebo application. However, no significant differences were observed in any of the other measured variables at the submaximal work load, 1 or 24 hours after nitroglycerin application. The once daily application of a 20 cm2 transdermal nitroglycerin system was ineffective in altering the exercise capacity of patients with angina pectoris. The lack of efficacy at 1 hour appears to be due to inadequate nitroglycerin blood levels; at 24 hours it may be due to tolerance. PMID- 3921586 TI - Pharmacokinetics, bioavailability and serum levels of cardiac glycosides. AB - Digoxin, the cardiac glycoside most frequently used in clinical practice in the United States, can be given orally or intravenously and has an excretory half life of 36 to 48 hours in patients with serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen values in the normal range. Since the drug is excreted predominantly by the kidney, the half-life is prolonged progressively with diminishing renal function, reaching about 5 days on average in patients who are essentially anephric. Serum protein binding of digoxin is only about 20%, and differs markedly in this regard from that of digitoxin, which is 97% bound by serum albumin at usual therapeutic levels. Digitoxin is nearly completely absorbed from the normal gastrointestinal tract and has a half-life averaging 5 to 6 days in patients receiving usual doses irrespective of renal function. The bioavailability of digoxin is appreciably less than that of digitoxin, averaging about two-thirds to three-fourths of the equivalent dose given intravenously in the case of currently available tablet formulations. Recent studies have shown that gut flora of about 10% of patients reduce digoxin to a less bioactive dihydro derivative. This process is sensitive to antibiotic administration, creating the potential for important interactions among drugs. Serum or plasma concentrations of digitalis glycosides can be measured by radioimmunoassay methods that are now widely available, but knowledge of serum levels does not substitute for a sound working knowledge of the clinical pharmacology of the preparation used and careful patient follow-up. PMID- 3921587 TI - Biochemical, metabolic, and clinical role of copper in human nutrition. AB - Veterinary nutritional science has embraced the study of copper for decades, but copper has languished as an orphan among human nutritionists because of the obscurity of clinical copper-deficiency states in man. As medical investigators, we may have gone down a long road, missing the forest for the trees. Indeed, overt copper-deficiency syndromes in humans have been recognized since the 1960s, and the list of contributing factors is expanding. Unwise self-medication with megadoses of zinc, for instance, might produce a mini-epidemic of copper deficiency. Moreover, induced copper deficiency may someday prove to be a legitimate therapeutic intervention in some disease states. But, the influence of subtle differences in dietary intakes of copper on human health may be much more important than frank copper depletion. Moreover, the recognition of disordered copper metabolism simulating a deficiency state--as occurs in Menkes' KHS and in variant Elhers-Danlos syndrome--has important implications. The full description of the relationship that thionein and other intracellular proteins might have in the etiology of these alterations has yet to be written. The elegance of the interplay of biochemical defects, physiological dysfunction, and clinical manifestations in copper metabolism is virtually unmatched in nutritional biology; yet, our present abilities to determine human copper status are limited. Now that it is clear that intracellular redistribution as well as total-body depletion can effect the disruption of copper-dependent functions, a concerted effort to improve status assessment through the use of functional indices should become a high priority. Finally, the pursuit of the bases of copper's involvement in host defenses, antiotoxidant protection and carbohydrate metabolism--functions in which clear links to established mammalian cuproenzyme are at present elusive- should provide exciting substrate for investigators for years to come. PMID- 3921588 TI - Severe prolonged catatonia with associated flushing reaction responsive to lithium carbonate. PMID- 3921589 TI - A nutrition assessment tool that includes diagnosis. PMID- 3921590 TI - Chronic atrial fibrillation in the elderly: risks vs. benefits of long-term anticoagulation. AB - Chronic atrial fibrillation is generally thought to cause stroke by atrial thrombus formation with subsequent embolization. Rheumatic heart disease previously led to most cases of atrial fibrillation, but recent substantial declines in the incidence of rheumatic fever have changed the distribution of causes of atrial fibrillation. Elderly patients have an appreciable prevalence of chronic atrial fibrillation. The risks and potential benefits of long-term anti coagulation for elderly patients with atrial fibrillation are discussed and the quality of the evidence assessed. It is concluded that the evidence is sufficiently incomplete and imperfect for a large, well-designed trial to be needed; however, this would be difficult and expensive. PMID- 3921591 TI - The relationship between dermal pesticide exposure by fruit harvesters and dislodgeable foliar residues. AB - Dermal pesticide exposure rates, expressed in mg/hr, by strawberry and blueberry harvesters and dislodgeable foliar pesticide residues were determined in 7 separate field experiments during 1981-1983 in California and Oregon. The pesticides which were studied included captan, vinclozolin, carbaryl, and methiocarb. A positive correlation between these two parameters was found and compared with literature values involving different pesticides and tree crops. The ratio between dermal exposure rate and dislodgeable foliar residues, the units of which are area/time, may have a possible use as an empirical factor for a first approximation of dermal exposure rates by fruit harvesters without the involvement of human subjects. PMID- 3921592 TI - Sinus tarsi syndrome: a postoperative analysis. AB - A more thorough understanding of sinus tarsi syndrome has been attempted by a postoperative survey of patients who have undergone sinus tarsi decompression. An analysis of 22 cases of sinus tarsi syndrome that were operated on between 1980 and 1984 at Kern Hospital was made. In each case a surgical procedure similar to that described by O'Connor and Brown was utilized. It was concluded that sinus tarsi syndrome is a distinct clinical entity--a sequela of ankle injury that is easily diagnosed. It responds well to surgical intervention and offers little chance of postoperative complication. PMID- 3921593 TI - Failure of nomifensine to reduce serum prolactin levels in patients with hepatic encephalopathy. AB - In order to investigate whether the variations in prolactin (PRL) secretion found in patients with liver cirrhosis are related to the derangement of neurotransmitter metabolism, serum PRL levels were measured in 8 patients with hepatic encephalopathy (a condition where neurotransmission is severely deranged), in 10 patients with liver cirrhosis but without encephalopathy and in 10 control subjects under control conditions and in response to nomifensine, levodopa and synthetic TRH administration. Inhibition of endogenous catecholamine reuptake by nomifensine was able to significantly reduce PRL levels in normal subjects and in patients with liver cirrhosis, whereas only one out of 8 patients with hepatic encephalopathy showed a reduction in PRL levels. On the contrary, levodopa administration was able to reduce PRL secretion in all the subjects studied. PRL release by TRH was greater in patients with liver disease than in controls. The results seem to indicate that the derangement in neurotransmitter metabolism which occurs in liver cirrhosis is one, but not the sole cause of alterations of PRL secretion in liver cirrhosis. The failure of nomifensine to depress PRL is an early finding in the course of encephalopathy and may be of diagnostic value. PMID- 3921594 TI - Effects of continuous light and dark exposure on hypothalamic thyrotropin releasing hormone in rats. AB - The thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) content in whole hypothalamus was measured by specific radioimmunoassay in rats exposed to a daily light-dark cycle (06:00-18:00 light, 18:00-06:00 dark) and in animals exposed to constant light or constant darkness for 12 days. A nyctohemeral variation of hypothalamic TRH was observed in light-dark exposed animals, while this variation was abolished by exposure either to constant light or constant darkness. These data indicate that any study involving hypothalamic TRH determination should be carried out taking into account the diurnal variation and the effect of environmental light exposure. PMID- 3921595 TI - Comparative study of intravenous, nasal, oral and buccal TRH administration among healthy subjects. AB - Four different modes of TRH application (400 micrograms iv, 1 mg nasal, 10 mg buccal and 40 mg oral) were investigated in young healthy subjects for evaluation of thyrotropin (TSH) and prolactin (PRL) stimulation. Plasma TSH, PRL, T4, T3, thyroxine-binding-globulin (TBG) were measured by radioimmunoassay. There were significant increases of TSH and PRL following TRH stimulation by all test forms. Bolus injection of TRH led to maximal TSH and PRL plasma levels within 20 min to 30 min, compared with 30 min to 45 min following nasal administration. Buccal and oral application produced more prolonged TSH and PRL increases, achieving plateau levels after 120 min to 180 min. Stimulated PRL levels were higher in women than in men. Uniformity of PRL response was better after iv or nasal than buccal and oral TRH stimulation. Known side effects were lower after nasal than iv TRH application. Buccal and oral administration provoked no side effects. Nasal TRH application seems to be a well suited test form for TSH and PRL stimulation. PMID- 3921596 TI - The inability of dynamic tests of prolactin and TSH secretion to differentiate between tumorous and non-tumorous hyperprolactinemia. AB - Certain hyperprolactinemic patients have an obvious pituitary tumor while others with normal pituitary radiology may or may not harbor a pituitary microadenoma. A variety of biochemical tests have been proposed to distinguish between those with and those without pituitary tumors. The aims of this study were: firstly to examine these tests to assess their efficacy in differentiating between patients with radiologically-demonstrated pituitary tumors and normal controls; and secondly to establish if those hyperprolactinemic patients with normal radiology formed two distinct groups biochemically as might be expected if some did and some did not have tumors. The prolactin (PRL) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) response to domperidone and the PRL response to TRH and insulin-induced hypoglycemia have thus been examined in hyperprolactinemic subjects with and without radiological evidence of an adenoma and in normal controls. The basal serum PRL was similar in patients with and without radiological evidence of a pituitary adenoma. The serum PRL response to all stimuli studied, expressed as a percentage of initial values, was blunted in patients with known pituitary tumors with total separation from values in control subjects. Results for patients with normal pituitary radiology were similar to those for patients with tumors with minimal overlap with controls. The peak TSH increment after domperidone was exaggerated in patients with known tumors, but overlap with control values was observed in 25%. In patients with normal radiology the peak TSH increment after domperidone was similarly increased but again overlap with control values occurred in 28%. Cluster analysis showed no evidence of two subgroups of response with in the hyperprolactinemic patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3921597 TI - Effect of different doses of naloxone on serum levels of prolactin and gonadotropins in young male volunteers. AB - The dose-response of serum prolactin (PRL) values to different doses of naloxone (NAL) in rats is bellshaped. To test the effect of different doses of NAL on serum FSH, LH and PRL in humans these hormones were measured in 4 male volunteers after subject blind infusion of 0.02, 0.2 and 0.5 mg/kg NAL in random order. A saline infusion served as control. On each occasion an adjusted volume of 100 ml was infused within 10 min via an antecubital vein. Consequently blood samples were taken every 15 min for 4 h. To compare the response to the different treatments for each hormone the average of an individual's hormone values (4 x 16) was set to 100%. Values at each timepoint were expressed in relation to the volunteer's mean. The means and SE of hormone values set to 100% were: LH = 5.7 +/- 0.7 ng/ml; FSH = 3.1 +/- 1.0 ng/ml and PRL = 186 +/- 37 muU/ml. NAL infusion did not affect FSH levels at any dose level. No overall effect of NAL on PRL levels was detectable. There was a significant difference in LH values between saline control and NAL infusions, although no significant difference could be detected between different doses of NAL. Higher doses of NAL merely sustained LH levels for a longer time period. Based on the data presented a short test is suggested for screening patients under different pathophysiological conditions for involvement of endogenous opioids in the regulation of LH secretion. PMID- 3921598 TI - Pituitary and gonadal function in the infant son of a patient with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. AB - We have evaluated the pituitary-gonadal function of the infant son of a patient with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. The father was treated with hCG and FSH to induce fertility. The son had normal external genitalia and his testicular volume increased appropriately during early infancy. Basal and post GnRH gonadotropin levels, as well as testosterone concentrations increased during early infancy. The data suggest that this infant had adequate gonadotropin secretion and testicular function. The patient illustrates the potential usefulness of evaluating the pituitary-gonadal function of male infants suspected of having hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. PMID- 3921599 TI - Influence of anti-inflammatory agents on the survival of Drosophila. AB - Various anti-inflammatory compounds were tested for their influence on the life span of the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster). 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid increased the median life span by 10.9% when fed to adults at a concentration of 1 X 10(-5)M for the entire adult life span. All other anti-inflammatory compounds including acetylsalicylic acid, acetylsalicylic acid plus cupric chloride, Bufferin, chlorpromazine HC1, dimethylsulfoxide, indomethacin, phenol, salicylic acid, and sodium salicylate either decreased or did not change the life span. Rearing flies on 0.5% (0.060M) dimethylsulfoxide caused a 33.3% reduction in life span compared with an 11.8% reduction when fed during adulthood only. At low doses all of the anti-inflammatory compounds including dimethylsulfoxide proved to be nontoxic as measured by changes in life span. PMID- 3921600 TI - Relationships among death anxiety, attitudes toward aging, and experience with death in nursing home employees. AB - Measures of death anxiety, attitudes toward aging, and experience with death were obtained from 133 nursing home employees representing eight occupational subgroups. Increasing death anxiety was associated with greater anxiety toward aging. Greater exposure to deaths of residents was significantly related to more reported comfort in thinking about or discussing death and dying. The results indicate that a connection between old age and death may underlie the relationship between death anxiety and attitudes toward elderly adults. PMID- 3921601 TI - In vivo efficacy and ultrastructural effects of mitomycin C against experimental alveolar hydatid disease. AB - The in vivo efficacy and ultrastructural effects of mitomycin C were determined against alveolar hydatid disease in experimentally infected animals and compared to mebendazole treatment. Mitomycin C inhibited the mean cyst mass of treated versus control animals by 84.1% which was statistically significant at the alpha = 0.01 level. Mebendazole given daily inhibited the mean cyst mass by 80.1%, while mebendazole administration on the same treatment schedule as that used for mitomycin C inhibited the mean cyst mass by 70.4%. Ultrastructurally, mitomycin C was not observed to affect the tegumental microtriches (microvilli) or the microtubular system. However, an increase in the number and accumulation of round to oval electrondense vesicles was observed within the subtegument. These inclusion bodies became vacuolated, subsequently degenerated, and formed myelin like figures. Mitomycin C, like mebendazole, was only cystistatic in its effects on the cyst stage of Echinococcus multilocularis as evidenced by the growth of treated cyst material following inoculation into helminth-free animals. PMID- 3921602 TI - Genetic aspects of aflatoxin B1 resistance in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Fifteen wild-type laboratory strains of Drosophila melanogaster were tested for egg-adult viability when exposed to larval development in media containing 0.5 and 1.0 ppm aflatoxin B (AFB1). Significant variation among the strains was demonstrated, especially at the 0.5 ppm AFB1 concentration. Two resistant and two sensitive strains were made isogenic and mated in a 4 X 4 diallel system. Results indicate that differences in AFB1 sensitivity are due to genes with additive effects on viability and that nonsystematic effects due to the interaction of cytoplasms and genes of both paternal and maternal origin are present. A chromosome/cytoplasm substitution analysis was performed using one of the sensitive and one of the resistant strains. Results indicate that genes on chromosomes X and 2 contribute to egg-adult viability differences observed for larval growth on media containing 0.5 and 1.0 ppm AFB1. Also, a significant interaction between chromosome 2 and cytoplasm, both from the resistant strain, was observed, resulting in a twofold increase in viability at 0.5 ppm AFB1 when compared to controls. Possible relationships of these findings with those from vertebrate systems are discussed. PMID- 3921603 TI - A cytophotometric method to quantitate the binding of monoclonal antibodies to individual cells. AB - A cytophotometric technique to quantitate binding of (monoclonal) antibodies to individual cells is described. This method is based on the detection of cell surface antigens by immunoperoxidase staining procedures. The amount of reaction product of the peroxidase reaction with diaminobenzidine/H2O2 was quantitated by computerized scanning cytophotometry. The incubation period of peroxidase with the substrate required for an optimal cytophotometric determination of the reaction product proved to be 60 min. The reproducibility of individual absorbance measurements, the day-to-day reproducibility of the quantitation of monoclonal antibody binding, and the specificity and sensitivity of the detection of defined monoclonal antibodies, established the reliability of the present method. The sensitivity of the indirect immunoperoxidase procedure could be enhanced by using a biotin-avidin-peroxidase staining procedure. PMID- 3921604 TI - Oxidation of oxalate and polyamines by rat peroxisomes. AB - During renal failure, polyamines and oxalate levels are elevated in the serum and the glomerular filtrate and are dumped by the kidney. Both of these compounds can be catabolized by oxidative reactions. We have, therefore, investigated the intracellular distribution of oxalate oxidase and of a polyamine oxidase in normal female rat kidney and liver. Polyamine oxidase was demonstrable, using spermidine as substrate in the cerous peroxyhydrate procedure of Briggs et al., in peroxisomes of kidney tubule cells and of hepatocytes. Oxalate oxidase could not be studied with this technique due to precipitation of cerium oxalate in the incubation medium. To demonstrate oxalate oxidase, and to confirm the polyamine oxidase localization, we incubated aldehyde-fixed tissue in a diaminobenzidine medium at pH 8, following the approach of Veenhuis et al., in which oxidases are demonstrated by virtue of their production of H2O2, which then serves as a substrate for endogenous catalase. Using oxalate or spermidine as substrate with this approach, we found reaction product in typical renal peroxisomes; we also found reaction product, with the polyamine substrate, in hepatocyte peroxisomes. To strengthen the conclusion that the oxidases themselves are present in peroxisomes, we used a light microscopic method, based on the tetrazolium procedures of Allen and Beard to demonstrate polyamine and oxalate oxidase activities in bodies with the distribution of renal peroxisomes. PMID- 3921605 TI - Improved immunohistochemical localization of tissue antigens using modified methacarn fixation. AB - Detailed comparative studies have been carried out using a wide range of aqueous and nonaqueous based fixatives in order to select the optimal fixation schedule for the immunohistochemical localization of four antigens: type IV collagen, actin, Factor VIII, and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA). Modified methacarn fixation provides an ideal combination of maximum staining and morphological preservation for these antigens. Enhanced immunoreactivity with this fixative was also noted for a broad spectrum of antigens, including myoglobin, glial fiber acidic protein, keratin, myosin, laminin, prostatic acid phosphatase, alpha fetoprotein, and carcinoembryonic antigen. Although it is not recommended for most cell surface antigens, this fixative may have a definite place in diagnostic surgical pathology. PMID- 3921606 TI - Ultrastructural investigation on the myelinated fibres in toad medulla oblongata during metamorphosis. AB - The ultrastructure of myelinated fibres in the ventro-medial area of medulla oblongata of metamorphosing Bufo bufo was studied. In the first stages of metamorphosis the fibres show normal distribution of the axonal organelles, while in the myelin sheaths the lamellae appear detached from one another with an irregular period and absence of the intra-period line. In the middle and final stages of metamorphosis there are myelin sheaths like those described above, but there are others with compact lamellae, regular period and intraperiod line always visible. Moreover, it is possible to observe myelin sheaths with intermediate characteristics. In that period of metamorphosis many myelinized axons may show degenerative pictures, more or less evident. However, these always precede possible degenerative aspects of the myelin sheath. The different morphological characteristics of the sheaths can be interpreted as different maturation stages of the myelin sheath, from embryonal to definitive-conditions. It is less easy to interpret the significance of the numerous degenerating nervous fibres observed in the cone sidered area of medulla oblongata. On the basis of the bibliographic data and preceding studies, the Authors think that degeneration of the fibres is not necessarily linked to cellular degeneration, but to a quiescent condition in which many nervous cells of the Amphibian's CNS would settle during metamorphosis while waiting for replacement of the target organs. PMID- 3921607 TI - A micro-capture ELISA for detecting Mycoplasma pneumoniae IgM: comparison with indirect immunofluorescence and indirect ELISA. AB - A mu-capture ELISA was developed for detecting Mycoplasma pneumoniae-specific IgM, and compared with an indirect immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) technique and an indirect ELISA. mu-capture ELISA and IFA compared well and were found to be the most sensitive assays. The IFA test can be completed in 2 h whilst the results of the mu-capture ELISA can be available in 24 h. Both tests are amenable to routine diagnostic use and have similar sensitivity. Indirect ELISA was found to be less sensitive and less specific, giving high assay values with several sera having undetectable M. pneumoniae CF antibody or CF antibody in low titre. Serum samples obtained from 11 patients at various times after M. pneumoniae infection showed maximum antibody levels within the first month by all assays, with a gradual fall in amount of IgM with time when assayed by mu-capture ELISA, a more gradual decline by IFA and hardly any decline with indirect ELISA. It was concluded that the indirect ELISA is unsuitable for the investigation of possible M. pneumoniae infection because the sustained high assay values with serum samples taken many months after infection, make interpretation of the test results very difficult. PMID- 3921608 TI - Transplacental antibodies. Part II: Maternal antibodies against the toxins of C. diphtheriae and C. tetani. AB - Examinations of 297 sera for diphtheria antitoxin and 160 sera for tetanus antitoxin were carried out in 1981. All sera were obtained from the cord blood of mothers between 15 and 34 years of age. The mothers were divided into four age groups each of which was further subdivided into the primipara and multipara subgroups. The aim was to assess the age-specific variations in response to active immunization against diphtheria and tetanus. The protective level of diphtheria antitoxin (at least 0.01 I.U./ml) was recorded in the serum of 96.3% of examinees and the rates of seropositivity were found to fall with increasing age. The protective level of tetanus antitoxin (at least 0.1 I.U./ml) was found in the serum of 95.2% of mothers. The serologic response encountered in groups of older mothers was a clear-cut demonstration that the country-wide mass immunization against tetanus carried out between 1974 and 1975 was highly effective and fully justified. The variations in the diphtheria and tetanus antitoxin levels found in the primipara and multipara subgroups were not statistically significant. PMID- 3921609 TI - Recessive T cell response to poly (Glu50Tyr50) possibly caused by self tolerance. AB - The proliferative T cell response of inbred mouse strains to the random copolymer poly(Glu50Tyr50) (GT) was found to fall into two categories. Some strains responded only marginally (delta cpm values less than 10,000 and stimulation indices less than 3), whereas other strains mounted a substantial response (delta cpm 10,000 to 80,000, SI 3 to 30). The response is controlled by the A alpha and A beta loci of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), as well as by genes not linked to the MHC. Because the response is selectively inhibited by monoclonal antibodies specific for the A alpha A beta molecule, we assume that its control by A loci is manifested as an A-restriction of the participating T (Ly-1high, Ly-2-) cells. It is of interest that the responsiveness is recessive in F1 hybrids of responder and nonresponder strains that are H-2-identical, but differ at their genetic background. Nonresponsiveness of these F1 mice is caused neither by a defect of antigen presentation, nor the result of immune suppression on priming or at the effector phase of the response. It is most likely the consequence of clonal deletion during the establishment of self-tolerance. PMID- 3921610 TI - Distinction between antigen receptor and IL 2 receptor triggering events in the activation of alloreactive T cell clones with calcium ionophore and phorbol ester. AB - A previous study indicated that Ca++ ionophores in conjunction with the phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) could induce normal T lymphocytes to express receptors for the T cell growth factor, interleukin 2 (IL 2), to secrete IL 2, and to proliferate (1). Here we used long-term alloreactive Lyt-2+ cytotoxic or T4+ "helper" T cell clones. In response to their specific alloantigen, all of the clones secreted IFN-gamma but only the T4+ clone secreted IL 2 and proliferated in response to the appropriate alloantigen in the absence of exogenous IL 2. The Ca++ ionophore ionomycin and TPA, used in conjunction, mimicked the effect of specific alloantigen on these T cell clones, i.e., they induced the secretion of IFN-gamma in all clones and the secretion of IL 2 in the T4+ clone. In the absence of exogenous IL 2, a proliferative response was induced only for the IL 2 secreting clone. Increased sensitivity to exogenous IL 2 for some T cell clones was also observed after either alloantigen or ionomycin and TPA treatment; this could be correlated with an increase in the expression of IL 2 receptors 6 hr after a pulse with ionomycin and TPA. These results suggest that, for a given T cell clone, activation of the Ca++ -dependent protein kinase c can replace the antigen-receptor triggering events leading to interleukin secretion and increased expression of IL 2 receptors but cannot substitute for the IL 2 dependent triggering of the IL 2 receptor. PMID- 3921611 TI - Astrocytes as antigen-presenting cells. I. Induction of Ia antigen expression on astrocytes by T cells via immune interferon and its effect on antigen presentation. AB - Ia antigens seem to control immune responses on at least two levels. First, they influence the antigen recognition repertoire of the T cells. Second, their variable expression on certain antigen-presenting cells is a powerful regulatory mechanism for the local immune reaction. This is particularly important in the central nervous system (CNS) in which no Ia antigens are normally expressed. Recent experiments in this context have shown that astrocytes are able to express Ia antigens during interaction with T cells, and that they function as antigen presenting cells. The Ia-inducing activity is produced by activated T cells, and can be replaced by immune interferon (IFN-gamma). In this study we report on the functional and kinetic relationship between Ia antigen expression on astrocytes and the immune-specific activation of T cells by astrocytes. Normal resting astrocytes were found to be negative for Ia antigens by immunofluorescence and by biochemical criteria. Moreover, they are only able to stimulate T cells after they have been induced to express Ia antigens by a signal from the T cells, which is probably mediated by IFN-gamma. In conclusion, the immune-specific interaction between astrocytes and T lymphocytes is a sensitively controlled system that might be pivotal to the development of immune responses in the brain. Malfunction of the system could be an important factor in the pathogenesis of aberrant immune reactions in the CNS, e.g., in multiple sclerosis. PMID- 3921612 TI - H-2-linked Ir gene control of T cell recognition of the Sm nuclear autoantigen and the aberrant response of autoimmune MRL/Mp-+/+ mice. AB - We have examined T cell recognition of the nuclear autoantigen Sm. Rabbit Sm primed cells from autoimmune MRL/Mp-+/+ (+/+) mice and from all normal strains tested were able to proliferate to rabbit Sm in vitro. In contrast, the reactivity of normal strains to Sm of murine origin was genetically restricted; only H-2f strains B10.M and A.CA, and H-2s strains B10.S and A.SW could recognize mouse Sm, suggesting that responsiveness to mouse Sm was under the control of H-2 linked Ir genes. Although five Iak-bearing normal strains (B10.A, B10.A(2R), B10.BR, A/Sn, and CBA) did not recognize mouse Sm, autoimmune +/+ (Iak) mice were responders. The responsiveness of the +/+ mice to Sm was probably not due to differences in their Iak region, compared with other strains, because the Iak region of normal strains and the autoimmune +/+ strain were indistinguishable by interstrain MLC, immune response gene product function, and recognition by anti Iak mAb. Inhibition of Sm-induced proliferation by mAb demonstrated that T cells from autoimmune +/+ mice, responder normal strains, and nonresponder normal strains recognized rabbit and mouse Sm in the context of I region-encoded products. The T cell response to Sm antigen in normal mice is therefore Ia region restricted and, for the murine antigen, under Ir gene control. Autoimmune mice that spontaneously make anti-Sm antibodies (+/+) also perceive Sm in an Ia restricted manner, but their responder status abrogates H-2-linked Ir gene control. PMID- 3921613 TI - Developmentally controlled expression of IL 2 receptors and of sensitivity to IL 2 in a subset of embryonic thymocytes. AB - At various times of gestation murine fetal thymocytes were tested for IL 2 receptor (IL 2-R) and T cell differentiation antigen expression. The majority of 14 to 15 day fetal thymocytes were IL 2-R and Thy-1 antigen positive, yet negative for the Lyt and L3T4 marker. A subset of IL 2-R-positive fetal thymocytes could be induced by recombinant IL 2 to proliferate over at least 10 days. Growth of these proliferating cells could not be enhanced by syngeneic feeder cells nor suppressed by monoclonal anti-I-A or anti-I-E antibodies. No antigen-specific effector functions could be induced in the proliferating Thy-1, IL 2-R-positive cells. As a whole, the results suggest a developmentally controlled rather than antigen-induced expression of IL 2-R during embryogenesis of thymocytes. PMID- 3921614 TI - Lymphokine-induced cytotoxicity: requirement of two lymphokines for the induction of optimal cytotoxic response. AB - Lymphokines induce the generation of cytotoxic cells (LICC) in the absence of antigenic or mitogenic stimulation. In the present study, we have demonstrated that at least two lymphokines are involved. They are interleukin 2-conditioned medium (CM-IL 2), which was produced by W/Fu rat spleen cells cultured with concanavalin A-conjugated Sepharose beads, and cytotoxic cell differentiation factor-conditioned medium (CM-CCDF), which was produced primarily by the unstimulated mouse peritoneal macrophages. It was first established that CCDF synergized with IL 2 to induce the generation of LICC in normal spleen cells, and that this process was specifically blocked by the rat anti-IL 2 receptor monoclonal antibody. The maximal synergistic effect was obtained by using 10% CM CCDF (v/v) and 0.1 to 0.3 U/ml of CM-IL 2. Higher doses of IL 2 (3 to 10 U/ml) reduced the cytotoxic response. The effectors of LICC were Thy-1+, Lyt-2- and AGM1-; therefore, they were neither classic CTL nor NK cells. The precursors were AGM1+, Lyt-2- cells that were consistent of being NK-like cells. When examining the temporal relationship between CCDF and IL 2, we found that 4 hr preincubation of the responders with IL 2 was sufficient to activate the cytotoxic precursor cells. CCDF was needed later for the differentiation of the activated precursors into cytotoxic effectors. In contrast, preincubation of the responders with CCDF, followed by additional incubation with IL 2, failed to induce any cytotoxic response. These results established that lymphokine-induced cytotoxicity can be separated into two phases. In the activation phase, IL 2 provides the first signal to activate the cytotoxic precursors, with the process being completed in 4 hr. In the differentiation phase, CCDF provides the second signal to induce the differentiation of the IL 2-activated precursors into cytotoxic effectors, with this process requiring 48 hr to complete. The sequential presence of these lymphokines at an appropriate time during the activation and differentiation phases is critical for the generation of LICC response. PMID- 3921615 TI - Monoclonal antibody BA-1 recognizes a novel human leukocyte cell surface sialoglycoprotein complex. AB - With the use of the monoclonal antibody BA-1, we have identified and characterized a unique molecular complex on the surface of human B lymphocytes. Despite the marked pronase sensitivity of the BA-1 antigen/epitope on the cell surface, repeated attempts to surface or biosynthetically radiolabel the antigen by using standard protein labeling techniques were unsuccessful. The antigen was identified by immunoprecipitation and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis after radiolabeling carbohydrate residues. Surface labeling of galactosyl residues by the neuraminidase/galactose oxidase/3HNaBH4 method revealed a three chain, nondisulfide-linked glycoprotein complex of 45, 55, and 65 kilodaltons (kDa), which we have designated gp45/55/65. Under nonreducing gel conditions there were shifts in the mobility of the 55- and 65-kDa components, consistent with the presence of intrachain disulfide linkages. Surface labeling of sialic acid residues by the sodium periodate/3HNaBH4 method revealed the presence of sialic acid residues on the 45- and 55-kDa components. Two dimensional gel analysis indicated that the 55-kDa component had an acidic pI of approximately 4.0 and considerable charge heterogeneity, most likely attributable to sialic acid. In contrast, the 45-kDa component had a neutral pI of approximately 7.5. Despite the difficulty in radiolabeling amino acids in gp45/55/65, digestion with V8 protease and pronase clearly demonstrated the presence of protein cores in all three components. Consonant with prior serologic studies with the use of BA-1, we could identify gp45/55/65 on B lymphocytes, B cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemias, neutrophils, and eosinophils. This molecular complex has, to our knowledge, not been heretofore described on human B cells and is quite novel in its structure and labeling properties. PMID- 3921616 TI - Tissue localization and biochemical characteristics of a new thymic antigen recognized by a monoclonal thymocytotoxic autoantibody from New Zealand black mice. AB - Naturally occurring thymocytotoxic autoantibodies (NTA) have been described in both humans and mice with SLE. To define further the role of anti-thymic autoantibodies in murine lupus, we studied the cellular and molecular specificity of a spontaneous monoclonal NTA, designated TC-17, derived from a 4-mo-old New Zealand Black mouse. TC-17, an IgM autoantibody, has been shown previously to be unreactive with Lyt-1, Lyt-2, and L3T4 (T helper) antigens. We have shown further that it is also unreactive with Thy-1. TC-17 recognizes a new thymic antigen that appears to mark a distinct subpopulation of cortisol-sensitive cortical thymocytes. The antigen consists of a single glycoprotein chain with an apparent m.w. of 88,000. TC-17 shows reduced binding to thymocytes treated with tunicamycin, indicating either that glycosylation of TC-17 antigen is necessary for TC-17 to bind to it or that glycosylation is required for expression of the antigen on the cell surface. TC-17 uniquely reacts with two of 17 murine lymphoid tumor cell lines of intermediate cellular maturity. The thymocytotoxic activity of TC-17 is absorbed by single cell suspensions of murine stomach, small intestine, large intestine, kidney, and thymus. Moreover, the specific binding of TC-17 to gut tissue of normal and germfree mice can be demonstrated by indirect immunofluorescence, suggesting antigenic cross-reactions between thymic and gut tissue. TC-17 reacts with rat thymocytes as well as it does with murine cells, indicating moderate evolutionary conservation of the TC-17 antigen. The expression of this glycoprotein by a discrete thymocyte subset may prove to be a valuable probe for the study of murine T cell differentiation. PMID- 3921617 TI - Preferential expression of VK21E light chains on IdX Ia.7 positive monoclonal anti-I-E antibodies. AB - We previously characterized major (IdX Ia.7) and minor (IdI) idiotopes in a collection of monoclonal alloantibodies reactive with monomorphic (i.e., Ia.7 like) determinants in the structural domain I of the murine class II I-E molecules. In this report, preliminary structural characterization of this antibody family is presented. First, the contribution of isolated H and L chains of the anti-Ia.7 cluster I mAb 41.A to IdX Ia.7 and IdI 41.A idiotope expression was evaluated by testing the capacity of these chains, either isolated or reassociated in homologous or heterologous hybrid Ig, to inhibit the binding of rat or mouse anti-idiotope mAb to IdX Ia.7+ mAb coated plates. It was found that the IdI 41.A idiotope defined by the mouse anti-idiotopic mAb H90-21.1 required the presence of both 41.A H and L chains for complete expression, while the rat mAb-defined IdX Ia.7 idiotope could be detected on isolated and on reassociated 41.A L chain. To evaluate further the structural correlates of the IdX Ia.7 idiotope, H, L, or both H and L chains of 5 A.BY, 4 A.TH and 1 C3H.SW IdX+ anti Ia.7 mAb, as well as that of 3 A.TH IdX- anti-I-E or anti-I-A and -I-E mAb were subjected to NH2-terminal amino acid sequencing. These analyses demonstrated a) that different H chains corresponding to different subgroups (at least to the VHII and VHIII) could be expressed without apparent modification of IdX Ia.7 idiotope expression and b) that 9 of 11 IdX+ anti-Ia.7 mAb utilized highly homologous L chains of the VK21E subgroup. The relevance of these findings to the genetic control of the idiotypic markers identified in the Ia.7 system is discussed. PMID- 3921618 TI - In vitro T cell-mediated killing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. II. The role of macrophages and T cell subsets in T cell killing. AB - T lymphocytes from immune mice can adoptively transfer protection against infection with the extra-cellular Gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa to nonimmune recipients, and in vitro, immune T cells are able to kill these bacteria. Earlier studies indicated that this killing is mediated by a bactericidal lymphokine. Those studies also showed that macrophages enhance this in vitro T cell killing but do not directly participate in the bacterial killing, nor do macrophages function to present antigen to T cells. The current studies demonstrate that the ability of macrophages to enhance T cell killing can be replaced by macrophage culture supernatants or by purified recombinant interleukin 1 (IL 1). In addition, the macrophage supernatant-induced enhancement can also be blocked by antibody to purified IL 1. These studies also demonstrate that the T cell subset that serves as the final effector cell in the killing process is the Lyt-1-, 2,3+, I-J+ phenotype. PMID- 3921619 TI - Genetic regulation of the immune response to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). V. T cell proliferative response and cellular interactions. AB - We previously demonstrated that in vivo antibody production to HBsAg in the mouse is regulated by at least two immune response (Ir) genes mapping in the I-A (HBs Ir-1) and I-C (HBs-Ir-2) subregions of the H-2 locus. To confirm that H-2-linked Ir genes regulate the immune response to HBsAg at the T cell level and to determine if the same Ir genes function in T cell activation as in B cell activation, the HBsAg-specific T cell responses of H-2 congenic and intra-H-2 recombinant strains were analyzed. HBsAg-specific T cell proliferation, IL 2 production, and the surface marker phenotype of the proliferating T cells were evaluated. Additionally, T cell-antigen-presenting cell (APC) interactions were examined with respect to genetic restriction and the role of Ia molecules in HBsAg presentation. The HBsAg-specific T cell proliferative responses of H-2 congenic and intra-H-2 recombinant strains generally paralleled in vivo anti-HBs production in terms of the Ir genes involved, the hierarchy of responses status among H-2 haplotypes, antigen specificity, and kinetics. However, the correlation was not absolute in that several strains capable of producing group-specific anti HBs in vivo did not demonstrate a group-specific T cell proliferative response to HBsAg. The proliferative responses to subtype- and group-specific determinants of HBsAg were mediated by Thy-1+, Lyt-1+2- T cells, and a possible suppressive role for Lyt-1-2+ T cells was observed. In addition to T cell proliferation, HBsAg specific T cell activation could be measured in terms of IL 2 production, because anti-HBs responder but not nonresponder HBs-Ag-primed T cells quantitatively produced Il 2 in vitro. Finally, the T cell proliferative response to HBsAg was APC dependent and genetically restricted in that responder but not nonresponder parental APC could reconstitute the T cell response of (responder X nonresponder)F1 mice, and Ia molecules encoded in both the I-A and I-E subregion are involved in HBsAg-presenting cell function. PMID- 3921620 TI - Nucleotide sequence and expression of a mouse interleukin 2 receptor cDNA. AB - We have isolated and sequenced a 1.3 kilobase (kb) cDNA that contains the entire 804 base pair coding region of the murine interleukin 2 (IL 2) receptor. A comparison with the human IL 2 receptor sequence revealed regions of high conservation, including the short (11 amino acid) intracytoplasmic domain, as well as an internally repeated sequence that is consistent with the receptor containing at least two distinct extracytoplasmic domains. When inserted into the expression vector pcEXV-3, this cDNA directs functional membrane expression of the IL 2 receptor on transfected COS 7 cells. An analysis of cytoplasmic RNA from IL 2 receptor-bearing T cells reveals five distinct polyadenylated transcripts ranging in size from 1.7 to 4.7 kb. All five transcripts are evident in both concanavalin A-stimulated splenic T cells and in the IL 2-dependent line CTLL. Some of this size heterogeneity is due to different sites of polyadenylation, resulting in mRNAs that differ in the 3' untranslated region. We cannot exclude the possibility of alternative splicing, however, which may result in distinct forms of the IL 2 receptor on the cell surface. PMID- 3921621 TI - Covalent association between human thymus leukemia-like antigens and CD8(Tp32) molecules. AB - Several TL-like molecules have been identified on human thymocytes. Some of these TL-like molecules are disulfide-bonded to CD8(Tp32), on which they form the thymus-specific 45 kilodalton (Kd) subunit of the CD8 complex. TL-like molecules are associated with beta 2 microglobulin. However, beta 2 microglobulin is not co precipitated with the CD8-TL complexes, suggesting that CD8 and beta 2 microglobulin are alternative association structures for TL-like molecules. CD8 is present as high m.w. complexes of 72 and 135 Kd that are composed of 32 Kd subunits only, and as high m.w. complexes of 120 and greater than 150 Kd that are composed of both 32 and 45 Kd (TL-like) subunits. A third subunit of CD8 with an apparent m.w. of 52 Kd was seen as part of the 72 Kd complex, and may represent an incompletely reduced dimer of the 32 Kd subunit. PMID- 3921622 TI - The prevalence of antibodies to Rickettsia rickettsii in an area endemic for Rocky Mountain spotted fever. AB - A study of Rickettsia rickettsii was conducted in Rowan, Cabarrus, and Granville counties, North Carolina in an attempt to define the prevalence of endemic infection in this area. Serum samples were obtained from 1,976 healthy persons and tested by indirect hemagglutination for detectable antibodies to R. rickettsii. Of this group, 568 (28.7%) had detectable antibody (greater than or equal to 1:8), 80 (4%) had titers greater than or equal to 1:64, and 1,408 (70%) had no detectable antibody (less than or equal 1:8). Indirect immunofluorescence testing for antibody was also performed for 315 (15%) of the serum samples, of which 301 (95%) had undetectable titers and 14 (5%) had detectable titers ranging from 1:8 to greater than or equal to 1:64. Serological reactivity by indirect hemagglutination was detected in persons in the absence of known Rocky Mountain spotted fever. The study failed to show a good correlation of either the height of the geometric mean titer or percentage of seropositive persons with the previously determined age-related rates of acquisition of the disease. These data suggest that the antibodies measured may not be specific for R. rickettsii or that the antibody levels wane with time or both. It is probable that unrecognized infection occurs, but the true incidence or prevalence cannot be determined by available serological tests. PMID- 3921623 TI - Development of bactericidal antibody during Branhamella catarrhalis infection. AB - The recent observation that Branhamella catarrhalis may cause a variety of infections in humans has stimulated interest in human host defenses against this organism. We encountered 21 patients with B. catarrhalis infection: seven with pneumonia, 13 with a purulent exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, and one with purulent sinusitis. Normal human serum (NHS) demonstrated no bactericidal activity against 20 of the 21 isolates. In contrast, 7 of 19 acute and 18 of 20 convalescent sera demonstrated significant bactericidal effects against the corresponding B. catarrhalis isolate. Heating convalescent sera to 56 C for 30 min abolished bactericidal activity. This activity was restored by NHS but not by complement-rich guinea pig serum. Selective blockage of the classic complement pathway eliminated bactericidal activity, whereas selective blockage of the alternative pathway did not. IgG isolated from convalescent serum plus NHS was bactericidal for the corresponding B. catarrhalis isolate. These results suggest that most patients with pulmonary infections due to B. catarrhalis develop a convalescent IgG antibody response that mediates serum bactericidal activity by the classic complement pathway. PMID- 3921624 TI - Free versus liposome-entrapped ampicillin in treatment of infection due to Listeria monocytogenes in normal and athymic (nude) mice. AB - Efficacy of liposomal as compared with free ampicillin in treatment of infection due to Listeria monocytogenes was studied in normal and congenitally athymic (nude) mice. After intravenous injection the multilamellar vesicles used were taken up mainly by liver and spleen, the target organs of L. monocytogenes. Injection of empty liposomes in two doses of 2 mumol of vesicle lipid each, administered at 40 and 112 hr after bacterial inoculation, did not influence the course of listerial infection in normal and nude mice. In normal mice liposomal entrapment of ampicillin resulted in significant improvement in the antibiotic's therapeutic index. The use of liposomal ampicillin at a total dose of 0.54 mg (two doses of 0.27 mg each) resulted in a therapeutic effect similar to that resulting from a total dose of 48 mg of free ampicillin (eight doses of 6 mg each). However, neither ampicillin treatment schedules cured infections in nude mice. PMID- 3921625 TI - Bacterial endocarditis in rats with experimental enterococcal pyelonephritis. PMID- 3921626 TI - Effect of human recombinant alpha-2- and gamma-interferon on the growth of human cell lines from solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. AB - We studied the growth effects of human recombinant interferon (IFN)-alpha-2 and gamma on various human cell lines. Four cell lines from solid tumors (WiDr, CCL 185, BT 20, KB) and three cell lines from hematologic malignancies (U 937, U 266, MOLT 4) were chosen. The study was performed using two different assays: (1) a soft agar cloning assay, and (2) a monolayer and suspension culture. In the soft agar assay alpha-IFN inhibited colony growth of 6/6 lines tested (the line MOLT 4 could not be plated); in the monolayer assay it inhibited proliferation of 6/7 lines tested. Gamma-IFN showed inhibitory effects on 5/6 cell lines tested in the soft agar assay, but on one line (CCL 185) low concentrations of gamma-IFN led to a significant increase in the number of colonies. Using the monolayer assay, gamma-IFN showed inhibition of 6/7 lines tested, whereas a stimulation of growth could not be observed. With a combination of alpha- and gamma-IFN, synergistic effects were seen on a histiocytic cell line (U 937) in both assays and a marginal synergism on the T-cell line MOLT 4 in the monolayer assay. PMID- 3921627 TI - The interferon compartment of the immune response in human malaria: I. Interferon inducers in Plasmodium falciparum cultures. AB - The present study concerns the interferon (IFN) compartment of the immune response in human malaria. It was undertaken with Plasmodium falciparum parasitized human red blood cell culture supernatants (PF-RBCS). Investigations were conducted in order to verify whether supernatants of such protozoa cultures had the capacity to induce gamma interferon previously identified in sera of P. falciparum infected patients and to verify whether a T-cell mitogen recently characterized in vitro could be correlated with the eventual IFN-inducing activity. Investigations were performed with nonsynchronized P. falciparum cultures and highly synchronized PF-RBC cycles. Results obtained with the first type of experiment demonstrated the presence of an immune interferon inductor in PF-RBCS controlled for their positive mitogenic activity. In supernatants from highly synchronized PF-RBC cycles it was possible to further correlate the mitogen activity with the capacity to induce IFN-gamma. Both activities were found in the time-interval situated near the end of the parasite cycle shortly previous of the merozoite stage. At an earlier time, at the peak of the ring stage, when no mitogen activity was detected, an interferon-induction activity, solely of IFN-alpha, was also demonstrated. PMID- 3921628 TI - The interferon compartment of the immune response in human malaria: II. Presence of serum-interferon gamma following the acute attack. AB - The present study concerns the monitoring of serum-interferon (serum-IFN) levels among 189 patients followed after and sometimes during an acute episode of malaria due mainly to Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum). Of these patients, 110 known to have no other parasitic or infectious disease were followed in France; 79 were from Thailand, among which 25 cases of neuromalaria were diagnosed. In a first four-month survey conducted in France, among 100 patients seen after the acute attack, serum-IFN-gamma was characterized among 87% cases for which at least two sera were controlled, whereas in a healthy population no serum-IFN was present. When efforts were concentrated on screening ten cases during the first 48 h of the febrile attack, serum-IFN-alpha was mainly characterized, whereas serum-IFN-gamma was present only once. Elevated leukocyte 2',5' oligoadenylate synthetase levels were found among several IFN-alpha positive patients of this study group. A peculiarity pertaining to the patients from Thailand was that one-third (25 cases) were cerebral malaria cases. Among these, 15 were followed under hospitalization during the first 96 h. In this study group, the onset of circulating immune interferon was found to be preceded or accompanied by that of IFN-alpha. Thus, if serum-IFN-gamma is largely characterized among malaria patients followed after the acute attack, it is possible that the onset of circulating immune interferon is generally preceded by that of IFN-alpha. PMID- 3921629 TI - Monoclonal antibodies to murine interferon-gamma: affinity purification and molecular characterization of murine interferon-gamma. AB - Monoclonal antibodies (MAb), AN-18.17.24, obtained by fusing the murine myeloma cell line Ag8.653 with spleen cells from rats immunized with murine interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) produced by the phorbol myristic acetate(PMA)-stimulated T-cell lymphoma L12-R4, were shown to be specific for MuIFN-gamma. An immunoadsorbent column was prepared and used for large-scale purification of MuIFN-gamma produced either by PMA-stimulated L12-R4 cells or by normal T-lymphocytes stimulated with Con A and interleukin 2. The purified product from L12-R4 cells, which retained biologic activity, was made up of two proteins (Mr = 16,500 and 17,500) as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis. By contrast MuIFN-gamma produced by normal T-lymphocytes resulted in two proteins with Mr of 20,600 and 21,800 as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis. These results indicate that MuIFN-gamma produced by L12-R4 tumor cells or by normal T lymphocytes differ in their molecular weight, probably because of different degrees of glycosylation of the same molecule. PMID- 3921630 TI - Recombinant gamma interferon differentially regulates class II antigen expression and biosynthesis on cultured normal human keratinocytes. AB - Recombinant gamma interferon induces class II antigen (HLA-DR) biosynthesis and expression on normal cultured human keratinocytes. HLA-DR expression was not induced on keratinocytes by recombinant alpha or beta interferons in a similar dose range nor by Con A or PHA. HLA-DR (L243) expression, as determined by FACS analysis, was detected as early as 1-2 days after addition of r-IFN-gamma to the cultures and was maximal after 4-8 days. Keratinocytes were analyzed for expression of another class II antigen, HLA-DC (Leu-10). Little or no expression of Leu-10 (DC) was detectable on these cells although Fc receptors for the IgG1 isotype were increased. These data indicate a unique role for gamma interferon in the differential regulation of keratinocyte class II antigen biosynthesis and expression. Induction of HLA-DR on keratinocytes may be functionally important in expanding the number of antigen presenting cells in the skin for the induction of an immune response and/or targeting these keratinocytes for cytolysis. PMID- 3921631 TI - Isolation of polyclonal monospecific anti HuIFN-gamma antibodies from an antiserum directed against human IFN-gamma and lymphokines. PMID- 3921632 TI - Effect of human gamma interferon on invasiveness of Salmonella typhimurium in HEp 2 cell cultures. AB - The effect of human gamma interferon (HuIFN-gamma) on the invasiveness of Salmonella typhimurium, Shigella flexneri and Yersinia enterocolitica serotype 0:3 in HEp-2 cell cultures was examined. The intracellular and extracellular bacteria were identified by a combination of Nomarski differential interference contrast microscopy and UV incident light microscopy applied on the same microscope. Pretreatment of HEp-2 cells with HuIFN-gamma reduced in a dose dependent manner the number of S. typhimurium bacteria per cell and the proportion of cells containing bacteria. Maximum inhibitory effect was observed with approximately 10 units per ml of HuIFN-gamma. The inhibitory effect of interferon as well as the antiviral effect was eliminated when the preparation was neutralized with monoclonal anti-interferon globulin and was acidified to pH 2. Murine gamma interferon did not influence invasiveness of S. typhimurium. No effect of interferon was observed when the bacteria were incubated in cell cultures at 4 degrees C. Invasiveness of S. flexneri and Y. enterocolitica was not influenced by treatment of cells with HuIFN. PMID- 3921633 TI - An inhibitor of interferon action: I. Physical association of the inhibitor with interferon-gamma. AB - Previously, an inhibitor of interferon action has been identified in mouse lymphokine preparations. The inhibitor was produced following IFN-gamma production and thus may be involved in regulation of IFN-gamma action. We now show that native inhibitor activity as isolated from crude and partially purified IFN-gamma preparations migrates along with interferon activity on molecular sieving gels. IFN-gamma which comigrates with inhibitor migrates at a slightly higher molecular weight than IFN-gamma free of inhibitor. This inhibitor activity correlates with the decreased antiviral activity of crude IFN-gamma produced late in the course of mitogen stimulation. This is apparent for both plaque reduction and yield reduction assays for interferon. This association of IFN-gamma with its inhibitor suggests a mechanism for the local regulation of IFN-gamma activity. PMID- 3921634 TI - [Effects of iontophoretically-applied LHRH, TRH, estrogen and clomiphene on thermo-sensitive neurons in the rat hypothalamus]. AB - Studies were performed on the correlation between the hypothalamic temperature sensitive neurons and hypothalamic neurons sensitive to LHRH, TRH, conjugated estrogen and clomiphene in 103 castrated matured female rats by the technique of microiontophoresis using a multi-barrel glass microelectrode. Out of 348 neurons in the hypothalamus, 24 neurons were found to be LHRH-sensitive, 20 TRH sensitive, 41 estrogen-sensitive, and 18 clomiphene-sensitive. There were 19(28.8%) warm-sensitive and 11(16.7%) cold-sensitive neurons located in the preoptic area. From among the 19 warm-sensitive neurons, 14 neurons showed excitation by estrogen and 4 showed suppression by LHRH. Out of the 11 cold sensitive neurons, estrogen, LHRH, and TRH excited 4, 3, and 3 neurons, respectively. It is suggested from these studies that LHRH mainly exhibits its thermo-regulatory functions by exciting warm-sensitive neurons and it is for this reason that exogenous estrogens are effective in alleviating hot flushes in natural as well as post-operative menopause which are thought to be caused by LHRH. PMID- 3921635 TI - [Comparative study of the spontaneous ovulation between ultrasonic observation and hormonal measurement]. PMID- 3921636 TI - Effect of human plasma lipoproteins on prostacyclin production by cultured endothelial cells. AB - Prostacyclin (PGI2) production by bovine aortic or human umbilical vein endothelial cells increased when either human high density lipoproteins3 (HDL3) or low density lipoproteins (LDL) were added to a serum-free culture medium. At low concentrations and short incubation times, HDL3 produced more PGI2 than LDL, but LDL was just as effective as HDL3 in 18-hr incubations with high concentrations of lipoproteins. Neither lipoprotein was toxic to the cultures as assessed by [3H]leucine incorporation into cell protein. The stimulatory effect of HDL3 and LDL on PGI2 production decreased as growing cultures became confluent. Incubation with lipoproteins neither enhanced arachidonic acid release nor increased PGI2 formation when the cells were stimulated subsequently with ionophore A23187, indicating that the lipoproteins do not affect the intracellular processes involved in PGI2 production. The addition of albumin reduced the amount of PGI2 formation elicited by HDL3 or LDL. As compared with albumin-bound arachidonic acid, from 6- to 13-fold less PGI2 was produced during incubation with the lipoproteins. Furthermore, the amount of PGI2 formation elicited by the lipoproteins in 18 hr was 4-fold less than that produced during incubation with a fatty acid mixture containing only 5% arachidonic acid, and 3 fold less than when the cells were stimulated with the ionophore A23187 for 20 min. Taken together, our results indicate that human HDL and LDL contribute to endothelial PGI2 production only in a modest way and suggest that this process is not specific for either of these two plasma lipoproteins. In view of the greater participation of albumin-bound arachidonic acid in PGI2 production, plasma lipoproteins may not play as important a role in endothelial prostaglandin formation as has been suggested. PMID- 3921637 TI - Plasma lipoprotein changes attending the intravenous administration of Triton WR 1339 in normolipidemic dogs: preferential effect on high density lipoproteins. AB - The nonionic detergent Triton WR-1339 was injected intravenously into normolipidemic dogs in a single dose of 150 mg/kg body weight followed by three other injections (75 mg/kg) on days 2, 6, and 12. The Triton produced a significant elevation of the plasma cholesterol of these animals, but not of their triglyceride levels, and profound changes of their plasma lipoproteins, particularly of the high density lipoprotein class. These changes were dependent on the concentration of Triton attained in plasma; when the levels were above 1.5 mg/ml, density gradient ultracentrifugation, electrophoretic, and chemical analyses indicated that an interaction between Triton and HDL had occurred. This interaction was attended by a gradual loss of the surface components of HDL, namely apoA-I, phospholipids, and unesterified cholesterol, and by the appearance of two cholesteryl ester-rich lipoproteins of d 1.019-1.024 g/ml and d 1.038 1.058 g/ml containing apoA-I and proteins with electrophoretic mobilities of apoB, apoE, and apoA-IV. At the time that these changes had occurred, the activities of the enzymes lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase and post-heparin lipase were unaffected. When 125I-labeled apoA-I was injected intravenously into animals receiving Triton, the residence time of the radiolabeled protein in plasma increased from a control value of 3.1 days to 7.2 days. However, the apparent half-times of the radiolabeled apoA-I varied among the lipoprotein fractions it was associated with: d 1.119-1.159 g/ml, 5.28 days; d 1.019-1.024 g/ml, 7.55 days, and d 1.038-1.058 g/ml, 5.39 days.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3921639 TI - An attack on physician services. PMID- 3921638 TI - Apolipoprotein A-I synthesis in rat small intestine: regulation by dietary triglyceride and biliary lipid. AB - Techniques were developed to provide direct quantitation of apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) synthesis rates in rat small intestine. Following intralumenal administration of a pulse of [3H]leucine, newly synthesized enterocyte apoA-I was quantitated by specific immunoprecipitation and compared to [3H]leucine incorporation into total trichloroacetic acid-precipitable protein. ApoA-I synthesis rates (% total protein) were found to be significantly higher in jejunal enterocytes (1.84 +/- 0.20) compared to ileal enterocytes (0.91 +/- 0.25) from the same, fasting, animals, P less than 0.01. It was found that rats consuming regular (4.5% w/w fat) rodent chow had apoA-I synthesis rates, 30 to 240 min after receiving an intraduodenal bolus of 100 mg of triglyceride, that were indistinguishable from control animals receiving either saline or an isocaloric, but fat-free, enteral preparation. By contrast, animals consuming a fat-free chow for 8 days prior to study had a small but significant response to acute reintroduction of dietary triglyceride. Four hours after 100 mg of triglyceride was administered, jejunal apoA-I synthesis (% total protein) was 1.84 +/- 0.1 compared to 1.37 +/- 0.04 for animals exposed to an isocaloric, fat free enteral preparation, P less than 0.01. External bile diversion for 48 hr, which effectively removed all lumenal sources of lipid, reduced apoA-I synthesis in jejunal enterocytes but produced no more depression than that found in sham operated controls infused for 48 hr with dextrosesaline or control animals fasted for 30 hr. By contrast, apoA-I synthesis in ileal enterocytes was reduced significantly by external bile diversion (0.59 +/- 0.20) in comparison to sham operated controls (1.19 +/- 0.32) P less than 0.01. Continuous infusion of 10 mM Na taurocholate for 48 hr or 10 mM Na taurocholate for 44 hr and 80 mg of micellar lipid for 4 hr produced results similar to those obtained by bile diversion alone (0.56 +/- 0.2 and 0.61 +/- 0.25, respectively) suggesting that bile salt deficiency alone was not responsible for the observed depression in ileal apoA-I synthesis. These results suggest that, under conditions of physiological dietary triglyceride intake, apoA-I synthesis in jejunal enterocytes is not actuely regulated by changes in triglyceride flux. After prolonged dietary triglyceride withdrawal, the reintroduction of fat produces a small, but significant, increase in jejunal apoA-I synthesis. The data further suggest that apoA-I synthesis in jejunal enterocytes is regulated in part by the availability of lumenal lipid, but that the presence of bile does not exert an additional level of control.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3921640 TI - Characterisation by high performance liquid chromatography of circulating growth hormone releasing factors in a human plasma. AB - Three forms of circulating immunoreactive human growth hormone-releasing factor (ir-hGRF) have been identified from a patient whose acromegaly was associated with a disseminated carcinoid tumour. This is the first known report of the molecular forms of ir-hGRF in human plasma. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on a C3, wide pore reversed-phase column and gel filtration chromatography were used in conjunction with a sensitive radioimmunoassay (RIA). The greatly elevated concentration of the ir-hGRF in plasma from this patient was 25,000 ng/l (normal range less than 60 ng/l). Gel filtration (G50) chromatography of the plasma revealed a single peak which coeluted with synthetic hGRF-40. However, reversed-phase HPLC of Vycor-extracted plasma resolved the ir-hGRF into three components, which coeluted with synthetic hGRF-40 (69%), hGRF-44 (22%) and hGRF-37 (9%). At present it is not clear if the three forms are natural variants or whether either or both hGRF-40 and hGRF-37 are cleavage products of hGRF-44. PMID- 3921641 TI - Effects of hypophysectomy and subsequent FSH and testosterone treatment on inhibin production by adult rat testes. AB - The hormonal control of inhibin production by adult rat testes was investigated using an in-vitro inhibin bioassay validated for the measurement of inhibin activity in charcoal-treated rat testicular extracts. The effect of hypophysectomy examined at 16 h, 3, 7 and 42 days after surgery showed a decrease in testicular inhibin content and seminiferous tubule fluid production by 7 days and a decrease in inhibin production by 42 days. Serum FSH and LH were suppressed 3 days after surgery. In 30-day chronically hypophysectomized adult rats treated for 3 days with twice daily s.c. injections of (a) human FSH (hFSH, 22 i.u./rat per day), (b) testosterone (5 mg/rat per day), (c) hFSH + testosterone (same doses as a and b), or (d) human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG, 12 i.u./rat per day), hFSH or hFSH and testosterone stimulated an increase in testicular inhibin content but not in inhibin production or tubule fluid production. Testosterone and hCG had no effect on these parameters. It is concluded that in vivo, FSH alone stimulates an increase in testicular inhibin content. The failure to observe an increase in inhibin production in vivo is attributed to the suppression of seminiferous tubule fluid production under the same experimental conditions. PMID- 3921642 TI - Heterogeneity of rat FSH by chromatofocusing: studies on in-vitro bioactivity of pituitary FSH forms and effect of neuraminidase treatment. AB - This study concerned the resolution of rat pituitary FSH utilizing chromatofocusing. Among the 11 components resolved and positively identified, ten had apparent isoelectric points (pI) between 3.1 and 5.1. Approximately 1% of pituitary FSH eluted at pH 9.4. Treatment with varying amounts of neuraminidase followed by refocusing generated FSH components of higher pI values. Treatment with other glycosidases did not alter the elution characteristics in chromatofocusing, while exclusion chromatography established an inverse relationship between apparent molecular weight and pI. Dose-response curves of various FSH components and of the reference preparation in the current radioimmunoassay system were parallel to each other. A study of their in-vitro bioactivity, utilizing granulosa cells which produce a plasminogen activator due to FSH in a dose-dependent manner, provided the following evidence: increased acidity of the components led to an increase of maximum response and an increase of the dose necessary for half-maximum response. Considering the observed alterations in the heterogeneity of FSH with changing physiological states of the animal, it is concluded that qualitative changes of the FSH molecule are perhaps involved in a modulatory role in the biopotencies of the hormone. PMID- 3921643 TI - Heterogeneity of rat FSH by chromatofocusing: studies on serum FSH, hormone released in vitro and metabolic clearance rates of its various forms. AB - Rat pituitary FSH was fractionated by chromatofocusing between pH 6 and 3. Ten components were resolved having apparent isoelectric points between 3.1 and 5.1. A comparative study of pituitary FSH and FSH secreted in vitro by quartered pituitary glands in the presence and in the absence of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) revealed similar patterns of charged species of intracellular and released FSH. Although GnRH increased FSH secretion about fourfold, no influence on the pattern of charged species was observed. Utilizing exclusion chromatography and chromatofocusing, pituitary FSH was compared to serum FSH which had been extracted by immuno-affinity chromatography. The results demonstrate for serum FSH a larger molecular size and a relative shift to more acidic components. Metabolic clearance rates of eight FSH components separated by chromatofocusing were measured in adult male rats. Half-lives varied between 13 min and several hours. A correlation existed between decrease of isoelectric points and decrease of metabolic clearance rates. These findings suggest that all hypophysial FSH components are secreted into the circulation at similar rates and the more acidic FSH components which appear to contain increased sialic acid, have a longer circulatory half-life and are more abundant in serum. It is concluded that sialylation may be involved in modulating serum FSH levels. PMID- 3921644 TI - Spermatogenesis, seminal characteristics and reproductive hormone levels in mature rams with induced hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. AB - Mature Merino rams were made hypothyroid by daily oral drenching with methylthiouracil or hyperthyroid by daily subcutaneous injections of thyroxine for 8 weeks. Neither hypothyroidism nor hyperthyroidism had any apparent effect on either spermatogenesis or daily sperm production, but motility of ejaculated spermatozoa and circulating testosterone concentrations were reduced in both conditions. The ratio of testosterone concentrations in plasma from the internal spermatic vein to those in peripheral blood plasma was higher in hyperthyroid (21.2 +/- 3.5) than in control (11.1 +/- 4.4) and hypothyroid (7.6 +/- 1.4) rams. The basal secretion rate for testosterone was slightly lower in hypothyroid rams and testosterone responses to human chorionic gonadotrophin and after LH releasing hormone (LHRH) were very much reduced. Basal serum LH levels were low in both hypothyroid and hyperthyroid rams compared with controls whereas there were no differences in FSH levels. The LH response to exogenous LHRH was reduced in hypothyroid rams but not in hyperthyroid rams. Serum prolactin levels on the other hand were higher than control in both hypothyroid and hyperthyroid rams. Reduced testosterone secretion in hypothyroid rams indicates that the normal function of Leydig cells depends on an adequate level of thyroid hormones. The decrease in circulating testosterone concentrations in hyperthyroid rams with normal secretion rates suggests an increased testosterone clearance rate in these animals. The decreased spermatozoal motility in hypo- and hyperthyroid rams suggests that the lowered testosterone level in these animals has altered the androgen-dependent maturation of spermatozoa in the epididymis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3921645 TI - Hypothalamic gonadotrophin-releasing hormone and pituitary and plasma FSH and prolactin during photostimulation and photorefractoriness in intact and thyroidectomized starlings (Sturnus vulgaris). AB - Changes in concentrations of hypothalamic gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and pituitary and plasma FSH and prolactin were measured in intact and thyroidectomized female starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) after transfer from short to long photoperiods. In intact birds, hypothalamic GnRH did not increase significantly during the first 6 weeks of photo-stimulation, but by 12 weeks, as birds became photorefractory, it had decreased to levels significantly lower than those before photostimulation. In thyroidectomized birds, which did not become photorefractory, hypothalamic GnRH remained high after 12 weeks of photostimulation. Pituitary FSH increased in both intact and thyroidectomized birds; it then decreased to low levels in intact photorefractory birds, but remained high in thyroidectomized birds. Plasma FSH increased to a peak after 2 weeks, but by 6 weeks it had decreased to low levels in both groups. In intact birds there was a 70-fold increase in pituitary prolactin during the first 6 weeks, and levels were still high after 12 weeks of photostimulation. In thyroidectomized birds, pituitary prolactin remained low. The results suggest that while the initial effect of long daylengths is to cause gonadal maturation, the ultimate effect is to switch off the reproductive system. PMID- 3921646 TI - Effect of intravenous bovine growth hormone or human pancreatic growth hormone releasing factor on milk production and plasma hormones and metabolites in sheep. AB - Although it is well known that exogenous bovine GH (bGH) increases milk yield in ruminants it has not been possible to determine whether an increase in endogenous GH secretion has the same effect. The recent isolation of human pancreatic GH releasing factor (hpGRF-44) has enabled this comparison of the effects of bGH and hpGRF-44 on milk production in sheep. Three pairs of Dorset ewes underwent three 4-day treatments according to a Latin square design. Treatment 1 involved: 2 hourly i.v. injections (approximately 3.0 ml) of bGH (15 micrograms/kg; 1.8 units/mg); treatment 2: 2-hourly i.v. injections (approximately 3.0 ml) of hpGRF 44 (0.6 microgram/kg); treatment 3: 2-hourly i.v. injections (3.0 ml) of the vehicle. Treatment periods were separated by 10 days. Sheep were milked twice daily and the milk was analysed for fat, protein and lactose. Blood samples (5.0 ml) were taken before and at 15, 45, 75 and 100 min after every third injection throughout the 4 days. Plasma was analysed for insulin, glucose, urea and non esterified fatty acids (NEFA). The changes in plasma GH stimulated by hpGRF-44 were consistent and repeatable throughout the 4 days of treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3921647 TI - Hypothalamo-pituitary regulation of thyrotrophin secretion in chronically catheterized Brattleboro rats. AB - Plasma TSH rhythms were measured in Brattleboro (DI) and control Long-Evans (LE) rats with an intracardiac catheter allowing repeated sampling in conscious unstressed animals. The TSH response to thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH; 500 ng/100 g body weight) was also determined. Finally, hypothalamic and pancreatic TRH concentrations and TRH-degrading activity (TRH-DA) were measured by specific radioimmunoassay. Long-Evans rats had a 24-h rhythm with a major modulatory 8-h component. In DI rats, only the 24-h rhythm was detected. The mean 24-h rhythm adjusted mean TSH level was higher in DI than in LE rats (1.38 +/- 0.05 and 1.14 +/- 0.06 micrograms/l respectively, P less than 0.01). The peak TSH response to TRH was significantly increased in DI rats while the pituitary concentration of TSH was also higher (0.93 +/- 0.09 vs 0.39 +/- 0.06 micrograms/mg wet weight in LE, P less than 0.001). Hypothalamic TRH and TRH-DA were similar in both strains. The response to propylthiouracil-induced hypothyroidism was identical in both strains. We conclude that DI rats have a normal pituitary sensitivity to tri iodothyronine but a central dysfunction in the pituitary environment leading to some alterations of TSH secretion. PMID- 3921648 TI - Pattern regulation in fragments of Drosophila wing discs which show variable wound healing. AB - When complementary fragments of the imaginal wing disc of Drosophila are cultured for several days prior to inducing metamorphosis, usually one fragment will regenerate while the second duplicates. It has been proposed that wound healing plays an important part in disc regulation by initiating cell proliferation and determining the mode of regulation (regeneration/duplication). To test the latter proposal 15 types of wing disc fragments were examined for variability both in the mode of wound healing and the mode of pattern regulation. Two modes of wound healing were observed, regular - the two wound edges heal with each other, and irregular - each wound edge heals with itself. When cultured separately fragments that healed regularly regenerated, while fragments that healed irregularly duplicated. This suggests that the mode of wound healing determines the mode of pattern regulation. PMID- 3921649 TI - Absence of the Lyt-2-,L3T4+ lineage of T cells in mice treated neonatally with anti-I-A correlates with absence of intrathymic I-A-bearing antigen-presenting cell function. AB - In an effort to elucidate the role of intrathymic Ia-bearing antigen-presenting cells (APC) on the development of the class II-restricted T cell repertoire, we examined the effect of neonatal anti-I-A treatment on both intrathymic and splenic APC function; on the generation of Lyt-2-,L3T4+, Lyt-2+,L3T4-, and Lyt 2+,L3T4+ T cells; and on the development of class I- and class II-specific T cell functions. Both the thymus and the spleen are completely devoid of Lyt-2-,L3T4+ T cells in young mice treated from birth with anti-I-A, and also lack functions associated with this subset, i.e., alloantigen-specific interleukin 2 production (present report), allo-class II-specific and self-class II-restricted T cell proliferative responses, and helper cell function for the generation of cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses (18). Development of the Lyt-2+,L3T4- subset proceeds undisturbed in these mice, in accord with the previously reported normal levels of cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursors (18). The thymus contains normal numbers of the immature cortical Lyt-2+,L3T4+ cells, indicating that acquisition of the L3T4 marker, in and of itself, is not influenced by anti-I-A treatment. This striking absence of the lineage of T cells responsible for class II-specific T cell functions is correlated with absence of thymic APC function for class II restricted T cell clones. When anti-I-A-treated mice are allowed to recover from the antibody treatment, splenic and thymic APC function return to normal in 2-3 wk, and thymic Lyt-2-,L3T4+ T cell numbers and functions reappear before such cells are detectable in the spleen. Collectively, these findings suggest that development of the Lyt-2-,L3T4+ lineage of class II-specific T cells is entirely dependent on functional I-A-bearing APC cells in the thymus. In addition, the presence of normal levels of Lyt-2+,L3T4-T cells argues that generation of the two major subsets of T cells (i.e., Lyt-2+,L3T4- and Lyt-2-,L3T4+) occurs through separate events, involving unique sites of interactions between precursor T cells and nonlymphoid major histocompatibility complex-bearing thymus cells. PMID- 3921650 TI - Proliferation of thymic stem cells with and without receptors for interleukin 2. Implications for intrathymic antigen recognition. AB - We have tested the dividing cells in the mouse thymus for expression of interleukin 2 (IL-2) receptors (IL-2-R) using the rat monoclonal antibody 7D4. A discrete subpopulation of the lymphoblasts clearly expressed IL-2-R at levels comparable to those on mitogen-activated peripheral T cells. This subpopulation, however, represented a small minority of the proliferating cells. IL-2-R-bearing cells were depleted from the PNA+ (peanut agglutinin) lymphoblast population, which contains the direct precursors of most of the cells in the thymus. The majority of receptor-bearing cells were found in the PNA- lymphoblast population, where they constituted only approximately 12% of the cells. Thus, virtually all the PNA+ and most of the PNA- blast cells were in cycle without detectable IL-2-R expression. This indicates that they were not dividing in response to IL-2, and implies that they were not dividing in response to antigen, but rather to novel thymus-specific mitogenic stimuli. On the other hand, the proliferating cells that do express IL-2-R were enriched 4-5-fold in the rapidly growing neonatal thymus, suggesting that they may also play a key role in T cell development. PMID- 3921651 TI - Murine Kupffer cells. Mononuclear phagocytes deficient in the generation of reactive oxygen intermediates. AB - Murine Kupffer cells (KC) were isolated by a high yield collagenase perfusion technique. The morphology, surface markers, and secretory products were typical of macrophages in other tissues. However, KC released negligible levels of H2O2 and O-2, in contrast to peritoneal macrophages. KC oxygen consumption was not increased by agents triggering a respiratory burst in peritoneal cells. Moreover, KC capacity to secrete reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI), in contrast to Ia antigen expression, was not enhanced by exposure to lymphokines or recombinant gamma interferon. The selective defect in KC oxidative response was paralleled by impaired in vitro killing of Toxoplasma gondii trophozoites and Leishmania donovani promastigotes and amastigotes. Deficient secretion of ROI by KC might protect hepatocytes and erythrocytes from injury during endocytosis by KC, but might render the liver more susceptible to parasitization by organisms that are primarily killed through oxygen-dependent mechanisms. PMID- 3921652 TI - Therapy of disseminated murine leukemia with cyclophosphamide and immune Lyt-1+,2 T cells. Tumor eradication does not require participation of cytotoxic T cells. AB - The ability of noncytolytic Lyt-1+,2- T cells immune to FBL-3 leukemia to effect eradication of disseminated FBL-3 was studied. Adult thymectomized, irradiated, and T-depleted bone marrow-reconstituted (ATXBM) B6 hosts were cured of disseminated FBL-3 by treatment with 180 mg/kg cyclophosphamide (CY) and adoptively transferred Lyt-1+,2- T cells obtained from congenic B6/Thy-1.1 donors immune to FBL-3. Analysis of the T cell compartment of ATXBM hosts treated and rendered tumor-free by this therapy revealed that the only T cells present in the mice were donor-derived Lyt-1+,2- T cells. In vitro stimulation of these T cells with FBL-3 tumor cells, which express class I but no class II major histocompatibility complex antigens, induced lymphokine secretion, but did not result in the generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). Thus, in a setting in which mice lack Lyt-2+ T cells, and in which no CTL of either host or donor origin could be detected, immune Lyt-1+,2- T cells, in conjunction with CY, mediated eradication of a disseminated leukemia. The results suggest that delayed type hypersensitivity responses induced by immune T cells represent a potentially useful effector mechanism for in vivo elimination of disseminated tumor cells. PMID- 3921653 TI - Some determinants of cellular adhesiveness in an embryonic cell line from Drosophila melanogaster. AB - We have examined, under a number of conditions, the aggregation behavior of Schneider Line 2 cells established originally from embryos of Drosophila melanogaster. The work presented in this paper further establishes appropriate conditions for the study of cellular adhesion in Drosophila cell lines; shows that the adhesive capacity of Drosophila cell line cells, under our experimental conditions, depends upon the presence of CA2+ but not Mg2+; shows that Drosophila cell line cells will not aggregate in the cold; and shows that trypsin treatment inhibits the aggregation of cell line cells, although high concentrations of calcium ions interfere with the action of trypsin. PMID- 3921654 TI - Effects of calcium on electrical propagation in early embryonic precontractile heart as revealed by multiple-site optical recording of action potentials. AB - The effects of Ca2+ on electrical propagation in early embryonic precontractile chick hearts were studied optically using a voltage-sensitive merocyanine rhodanine dye. Spontaneous optical signals, corresponding to action potentials, were recorded simultaneously from 25 separate regions of the eight-to-nine-somite embryonic primitive heart, using a square photodiode array. Electrical propagation was assessed by analyzing the timing of the signals obtained from different regions. Electrical propagation in the heart was suppressed by either lowering or raising extracellular Ca2+. Similar effects were produced by a Ca2+ ionophore (A23187). We have also found that electrical propagation across the primordial fusion line at the midline of the heart was enhanced by increasing, and depressed by lowering, external Ca2+. One possible interpretation is that intercellular communication in the embryonic precontractile heart is regulated by the level of the intracellular Ca2+ concentration, and it is suggested that intercellular communication across the primordial fusion line strongly depends on external Ca2+. PMID- 3921655 TI - Accumulation of peptides by mycobacillin-negative mutants of Bacillus subtilis B3. AB - Thirteen mycobacillin-negative (My-) mutants of Bacillus subtilis B3 were isolated from an auxotrophically tagged mycobacillin producer organism. The wild type producer, three feeble producers and three strictly My- mutants did not accumulate any ninhydrin-positive peptide in the culture medium while the remaining seven My- mutants did accumulate ten such peptides whose amino acid composition indicated that there might be only three different peptides. The N terminal and C-terminal amino acid residues implicated one of these peptides as a pentapeptide intermediate in mycobacillin synthesis; this was further confirmed by its molecular weight and sequence. Studies on cell-free synthesis showed that only the enzyme system from the wild-type strain synthesized mycobacillin while the defective ones from all the My- mutants synthesized one and the same pentapeptide as found in the culture broth of some of the mutants. Further studies in which the enzymes responsible for mycobacillin synthesis by cell-free extracts were separated into three fractions, A, B and C, showed that seven of the mutants were defective in fraction B whereas the three other mutants had defects in both fractions B and C. Thus the pentapeptide Pro----Asp----Glu----Tyr ---Asp appears to be implicated in mycobacillin biosynthesis. PMID- 3921656 TI - Properties of monoclonal antibodies to the genus-specific antigen of Chlamydia and their use for antigen detection by reverse passive haemagglutination. AB - The chlamydial genus-specific antigen was extracted with phenol/chloroform/petroleum ether (PCP) from preparations of Chlamydia trachomatis and C. psittaci, and quantities measured using an assay for lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The LPS from C. trachomatis contained 2.2% (w/w) of ketodeoxyoctanoic acid. Five IgG monoclonal antibodies reacted in an ELISA with LPS from both species, the antigen being periodate-sensitive and heat-resistant, confirming that all antibodies were against the genus-specific antigen. All the antibodies bound to the PCP extract of C. trachomatis on an immunoblot, at a position corresponding to the periodate-Schiff-stained bands of both C. trachomatis extract and Salmonella Re-LPS. When linked to trypsin-treated sheep erthrocytes and used in reverse passive haemagglutination tests, all antibodies gave indicator cells capable of detecting chlamydial LPS or crude preparations of chlamydiae grown in McCoy cells, the sensitivity varying with the antibody used. The antibodies varied in IgG subclass (either IgG2a or IgG3), and in ability to precipitate in immunodiffusion tests. Two antibodies cross-reacted with one strain of Acinetobacter in ELISA and with Salmonella Re-LPS in both ELISA and immunodiffusion tests. The other three did not react in ELISA with Acinetobacter strains or Salmonella Re-LPS, and none of the five reacted with LPS of E. coli or Pseudomonas morsprunorum. PMID- 3921657 TI - Purification and characterization of a Corynebacterium ulcerans bacteriocin (ulceracin 378). AB - Corynebacterium ulcerans strain 378 produces a bacteriocin (ulceracin 378) and a toxin when grown on semi-solid medium. Ulceracin 378 was purified 360-fold by dialysis and chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-200. On the basis of Ultrogel AcA22 gel filtration its molecular weight was about 900 000. It could be dissociated by 2-mercaptoethanol and sodium dodecyl sulphate into smaller subunits of 25 000. The bactericidal activity was associated with this subunit which contained no carbohydrate or lipid. Ulceracin 378 was thermostable and stable over a wide pH range. Purified ulceracin 378 did not have a toxic effect (lethal) on guinea-pigs and rabbits and was immunologically distinct from the toxin. PMID- 3921658 TI - Metronidazole inhibition of hydrogen production in vivo in drug-sensitive and resistant strains of Trichomonas vaginalis. AB - H2 production by the human protozoan parasite Trichomonas vaginalis was monitored continuously under a mobile gas phase using a membrane-inlet mass spectrometer. Simultaneous and continuous measurement of dissolved H2, O2 and CO2 indicated that H2 evolution was inhibited at levels of O2 (less than 0.25 microM) undetectable by the technique, whereas CO2 production was stimulated. Respiration was not stimulated by admitting H2 to the gas phase. Metronidazole inhibited both H2 and CO2 production. Values of K1 for inhibition of H2 formation in strain ATCC 30001 (metronidazole sensitive) of 0.16 mM and in strain 85 (metronidazole resistant) of 1.0 mM were obtained. These data suggest that metronidazole not only competes with protons as electron acceptor but that the drug itself or a product of reduction actively inhibits some hydrogenosomal enzyme or electron carrier involved in H2 production. Under these conditions metronidazole inhibition leads to irreversible loss of cell motility. PMID- 3921659 TI - Chromosomal map of Pseudomonas putida PPN, and a comparison of gene order with the Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO chromosomal map. AB - The generalized transducing phage Pf16h2 has been used to confirm linkage relationships of chromosomal markers of Pseudomonas putida previously determined from their time-of-entry in Hfr crosses, and to map new auxotrophic mutations. By means of spot matings using Hfr donors of known origin of transfer, catabolic markers forming part of a closely linked group of operons referred to as a superoperonic cluster have been shown to be chromosomally located and their map positions determined. R-prime-mediated interspecific complementation has been used to equate functionally 21 auxotrophic loci in P. putida and P. aeruginosa, and the distribution of these loci on the two genetic maps has been compared. While both maps reveal that auxotrophic markers are largely restricted to about 40% of the chromosome and that auxotrophic markers of similar phenotype are not clustered, there is evidence of at least seven chromosomal rearrangements since divergence from a presumed common ancestor. PMID- 3921660 TI - Genetic analysis of fusion recombinants and presence of noncomplementing diploids in Bacillus megaterium. AB - We have attempted to undertake genetic analysis in Bacillus megaterium using the technique of protoplast fusion that has been successfully applied in Staphylococcus and Streptomyces. Efficient production of protoplasts, fusion and regeneration techniques have been established. However, variability in numbers and types of recombinants using two-, three-, and four-factor crosses was observed throughout these studies. No linkages were detected, even between loci known to be linked by cotransduction with bacteriophage MP13. These results were similar to those reported by Alfoldi and coworkers using B. megaterium strain 216, even though the experimental design was significantly changed. During initial subculturing, segregants were observed in a 1:2:2 ratio of noncomplementing diploids:parental-1:parental-2. The ratio changed dramatically after seven subcultures. Double recombinants appeared after nine subcultures. These results corroborate those reported in B. subtilis and suggest that there is a locus-inactivation phenomenon present in Bacillus which is not evident in Streptomyces or Staphylococcus. Until the mechanism is elucidated, protoplast fusion should not be used for chromosomal mapping in B. megaterium. However, it can be used to transfer plasmids among the bacilli at a frequency of 10(-5)-10( 6) per regenerated protoplast. PMID- 3921661 TI - Escherichia coli thymine auxotrophs suppressible by carbon dioxide. AB - Two independently-isolated thymine-requiring mutant strains of Escherichia coli were found to possess an unusual phenotype: in the presence of CO2, growth was independent of thymine. The two strains showed different profiles of temperature sensitivity. Glycine, serine and methionine were unable to relieve the thymine dependence. Both strains were susceptible to trimethoprim under conditions where they were thymine-independent. The results are consistent with the occurrence of partial defects in thymidylate synthase. PMID- 3921662 TI - Effects of transition mutations in the regulatory locus spoIIA on the incidence of sporulation in Bacillus subtilis. AB - We have determined the changes in DNA sequence corresponding to three mutations in the promoter-proximal open reading frame of spoIIA, a locus that regulates sporulation in Bacillus subtilis. All three mutations prevent the synthesis of two sporulation-associated enzymes, but they differ in their effects on spore incidence. We now find that mutation spo-42, which allows spores to be produced at a low incidence, is a transition that changes Gly95 to Asp in the protein encoded by the open reading frame. Mutation spo-69, which blocks sporulation entirely, consists of two transitions: these change Gly62 to Asp and Ala1 16 to Thr. Mutation sas-1, which partially suppresses spo-69, is also a transition: this changes residue 62 (which had become Asp as a result of the spo-69 mutation) to Asn. PMID- 3921663 TI - Diuretic-induced lithium toxicity presenting as mania. AB - A bipolar patient receiving lithium therapy developed a toxic state with a serum lithium level of 3.9 within 2 weeks of beginning hydrochlorthiazide treatment for hypertension. The initial changes in mental status suggested that the patient might be beginning another manic episode. Symptoms resolved following hemodialysis. PMID- 3921664 TI - Carnosine synthesis in olfactory tissue during ontogeny: effect of exogenous beta alanine. AB - Carnosine has now been demonstrated by chemical analysis to be present in rat olfactory mucosa on day 16 of gestation. The tissue content of this dipeptide then increases progressively during fetal and postnatal life. Radioactive carnosine can be isolated from cultured embryonic rat olfactory mucosa incubated with [14C]beta-alanine as early as 13-14 days of gestation. The amount of incorporation also increases progressively with the initial age of the explant and with time in culture indicating in vitro maturation of the carnosine synthesis capability of olfactory tissue. To test whether the level of beta alanine was limiting the synthesis of carnosine, we evaluated the effect of elevated beta-alanine levels on tissue carnosine content. Exogenous beta-alanine caused an increase in the tissue content of carnosine at several ages in vivo and in vitro. In adult animals this increase was observed in olfactory bulb, olfactory mucosa, and skeletal muscle. However, there was no associated alteration in carnosine synthetase activity. In addition, the different half lives of carnosine in olfactory tissue and muscle seemed unaltered, arguing against any effect on degradative enzymes. Thus, tissue carnosine levels are regulated, at least in part, by substrate availability. The early appearance of carnosine synthetic capacity during prenatal development indicates that this enzyme activity should be a valuable aid in studying early events in olfactory neuron maturation. PMID- 3921665 TI - Blood-brain barrier transport of valproic acid. AB - Valproic acid distribution in brain is less than that of other anticonvulsants such as phenytoin or phenobarbital. Possible mechanisms for this decreased distribution space in brain include (a) increased plasma protein binding of valproate relative to the other anticonvulsants and (b) asymmetric blood-brain barrier (BBB) transport of valproate such that the brain-to-blood flux exceeds the blood-to-brain flux. These mechanisms are investigated in the present studies using the intracarotid injection technique in rats and rabbits. In the rat, the brain uptake index (BUI) of [14C]valproate relative to [3H]water is 51 +/- 6%, indicating the blood-to-brain transport of water is twofold greater than that of valproate. However, the BUI of [14C]valproate relative to [3H]water decreased with time after carotid injection during a 4-min washout period, which indicates that brain-to-blood transport of valproate is greater than that of water. This suggests that the permeability of the BBB to valproate is polarized, with antiluminal permeability being much greater than luminal permeability. In rabbits, the BUI of [14C]valproate is 47 +/- 7% in newborns and 17 +/- 6% in adult animals. However, the high drug extraction in newborns may be attributed to decreased cerebral blood flow in the neonate as the BBB permeability-surface area (PS) products are unchanged (e.g., PS = 0.13 and 0.11 ml min-1 X g-1 in the newborn and adult rabbit, respectively). With regard to plasma protein binding effects on valproate transport, brain valproate uptake was also measured in the presence of human, lamb, pig, rat, horse, goat, hamster, dog, and mouse sera. Higher brain uptakes were observed when the unbound fraction of drug increased. However, our data indicate that a fraction of the valproic acid entering the capillaries bound to plasma proteins had the capacity to equilibrate with brain because of enhanced drug dissociation from albumin in the brain microcirculation. Since plasma protein-bound valproate is available for uptake by brain, the major factor underlying the diminished distribution of the drug in brain appears to be the asymmetric transport properties of the BBB to valproic acid. PMID- 3921666 TI - Halothane-induced alterations of glucose and pyruvate metabolism in rat cerebra synaptosomes. AB - Synaptosomes isolated from rat cerebra were used to study the effects of the inhalational anesthetic, halothane, on cholinergic processes. To identify possible mechanisms responsible for the depression of acetylcholine synthesis, we examined the effects of halothane on precursor metabolite metabolism involved with supplying the cytosol with acetyl-CoA for acetylcholine synthesis. Three percent halothane/air (vol/vol) depressed 14CO2 evolution from labeled pyruvate and glucose. Steady-state 14CO2 evolution from [1-14C]glucose was depressed 84% by halothane, while 14CO2 evolution from [6-14C]glucose and [3,4-14C]glucose was decreased 67 and 52%, respectively, when compared with control conditions. Halothane inhibited the activities of both pyruvate dehydrogenase (14% depression) and ATP-citrate lyase (32% depression). Total synaptosomal acetyl-CoA concentrations were unaffected by halothane. Three percent halothane/air (vol/vol) caused a 77% increase in medium glucose depletion rate from 1.38 nmol (mg protein)-1 min-1 to 2.44 nmol (mg protein)-1 min-1. Production of lactate by the synaptosomes in the presence of halothane increased by 231% from a control rate of 1.44 nmol (mg protein)-1 min-1 to 4.77 nmol (mg protein)-1 min-1. Lactate production rate from pyruvate was also enhanced by 56% in the presence of halothane. These data lend support to the concept that the NAD+/NADH potential may be involved in the halothane-induced depression of acetylcholine synthesis. PMID- 3921667 TI - m-Octopamine: normal occurrence with p-octopamine in mammalian sympathetic nerves. AB - The development of a radiochemical enzyme assay for p-octopamine in 1969 led to its identification in a large number of invertebrate nerve systems and in mammalian sympathetic nerves. The original method by which p-octopamine was measured has now been found to be nonspecific; however, modifications of this procedure can determine both m- and p-octopamine. We recently developed a new specific method for the unequivocal identification and quantitative determination in tissue of the six octopamine and synephrine isomers. With this method- negative chemical ionization gas chromatography-mass spectrometry--the more physiologically active m-octopamine has been found in association with p octopamine in 10 organs of the rat. m-Octopamine is present in concentrations equal to those of p-octopamine in heart, spleen, and liver and in concentrations from 30 to 60% of p-octopamine in adrenals, vas deferens, brain, kidney, large intestine, bladder, and lungs. In vivo inhibition of monoamine oxidase markedly increased the concentrations of both m- and p-octopamine in all organs examined. Both amines were virtually absent from all organs except the adrenals following chemical sympathectomy with 6-hydroxydopamine, thereby establishing that m- and p octopamine are localized within sympathetic nerve endings. PMID- 3921668 TI - Adult onset acid maltase deficiency. Distribution and progression of clinical and pathological abnormality in a family. AB - The adult onset form of acid maltase deficiency (Type IIb) clinically affects only skeletal muscle. Proximal weakness is more severe in legs than arms and involvement of respiratory muscles is prominent in about a third of the cases. In three siblings with the disease, the severity of limb weakness was related to age and duration of disease. Respiratory muscle involvement was a feature in two of the patients. The pathological abnormality was more marked in quadriceps than deltoid, and was strikingly patchy in distribution within these muscles. In one case, vacuolar change was not evident by light microscopy in two quadriceps biopsies taken 2 years apart. There is thus a spectrum of clinical and pathological expression of the disorder even in a single sibship. PMID- 3921669 TI - Genetic control of amyloid plaque production and incubation period in scrapie infected mice. AB - The extent of amyloid plaque production was investigated in three inbred mouse strains carrying the p7 allele of the scrapie incubation (Sinc) gene (VM, IM and MB). With either ME7 or 87V scrapie, many more plaques were seen in the MB strain than in VM or IM mice. A backcrossing experiment using 87V suggested the involvement of more than one gene. Within this backcrossing experiment there was a positive correlation between mean plaque count and mean incubation period for the various strains and crosses. Also male mice tended to have higher plaque counts and longer incubation periods than female mice of the same genotype. These results suggest that some of the genes controlling minor variation in the incubation period also influence plaque production. This is consistent with previous evidence that the number of amyloid plaques depends, to some extent, on the duration of agent replication within the brain. This study has also identified a high plaque model (MB mice infected with 87V) for future investigation of the nature of the amyloid protein. PMID- 3921670 TI - Acromegaly associated with suprasellar and pulmonary hemangiopericytomas. Case report. AB - The authors report the case of a 35-year-old acromegalic woman who developed amenorrhea and decreased left vision, and who was found to have suprasellar and pulmonary hemangiopericytomas. Total removal of the suprasellar hemangiopericytoma resulted in normalization of the plasma human growth hormone (GH) level and a marked decrease in size of the pulmonary hemangiopericytoma. Immunoperoxidase studies for GH and human hypothalamic growth hormone-releasing factor (GHRF) demonstrated immunoreactive intracellular GH only in the suprasellar hemangiopericytoma, with no immunoreactive intracellular GHRF evident in either the suprasellar or pulmonary hemangiopericytoma. PMID- 3921671 TI - Thyroid function during the spontaneous course of subacute thyroiditis. AB - A study of changes in serum T4, T3, and Tg as well as of serum TSH response to TRH was done in ten patients with subacute thyroiditis, from the acute phase up to 56 mo. All patients had symptoms of thyrotoxicosis. The mean +/- s.e.m. serum T4 (21.6 +/- 8.2 micrograms/dl), T3 (315 +/- 191 ng/dl) and Tg (149 +/- 52 ng/ml) concentrations were significantly higher than in normal subjects (8.5 +/- 1.7 micrograms/dl, 136 +/- 34 ng/dl, and 10.5 +/- 1.0 ng/ml, respectively). The basal TSH concentrations failed to increase in response to TRH. Mean serum T3 and serum Tg levels remained higher than in normal subjects until 4 to 5 mo after the acute phase. However, normalization of clinical status and serum thyroid hormone levels did not coincide with the normalization of serum Tg levels. Thyroid autoantibodies were absent during the whole period of study. An exaggerated response of TSH to TRH in six out of seven patients was observed from a 2 to 3 mo period until the end of follow-up. All patients with T3 to T4 ratio above the normal range (7-24 ng/micrograms) showed also an exaggerated response of TSH to TRH. These data suggest that the spontaneous course of subacute thyroiditis may lead to a low thyroid reserve detectable even 5 yr following the acute phase of the disease. PMID- 3921672 TI - No difference in sensitivity for occult infection between tropolone- and oxine labeled indium-111 leukocytes. AB - There is considerable disagreement as to whether oxine or tropolone is the best labeling agent for indium leukocytes. We have previously looked at the sensitivity of oxine-labeled 111In leukocyte scans for occult infections and now present a similar group of patients imaged with tropolone-labeled 111In leukocytes. Thirty-four patients (38 studies) with possible occult infection were prospectively studied. Patients were imaged 1-4 hr after injection and again at 24 hr postinjection. The early tropolone images had a sensitivity of 53% while the delayed images at 24 hr had a sensitivity of 93%. Based on a previous study, oxine-labeled leukocyte scans have an early sensitivity of 33% and a delayed sensitivity (at 24 hr) of 95%. The differences in sensitivity between oxine and tropolone when imaged early and at 24 hr were not statistically significant. We conclude that there is no significant difference in the ability to detect infection between oxine- and tropolone-labeled leukocytes, both early at 1-4 hr, and on delayed imaging 24 hr after injection. PMID- 3921673 TI - Chelate conjugates of monoclonal antibodies for imaging lymphoid structures in the mouse. AB - Radiolabeling of a mouse monoclonal antibody (MoAb) specific for the mouse histocompatibility alloantigen IAk expressed by the B lymphocytes of BALB/k and C3H mice but not BALB/c mice was performed by mixing the chelate-labeled anti (alpha) IAk MoAb with purified, no-carrier-added 111In citrate. Labeling efficiency was 85-95%, and the labeled alpha IAk MoAb retained its antigen binding properties in vitro and in vivo. The organ, spleen, and lymph node distribution of intravenously and subcutaneously administered 111In alpha IAk MoAb was compared in mice, two IAk positive and one IAk negative strains, and to 125I alpha IAk MoAb in one IAk positive strain. The 111In alpha IAk MoAb was more stable in vivo compared to 125I alpha IAk MoAb, as shown by a much slower excretion and a higher absolute uptake in lymph nodes and spleen. Lymph node to blood ratio was increased twofold by intravenous anti-EDTA MoAb. Subcutaneous injection permitted clear images of the tiny lymph nodes in the mouse. Potential clinical applications of 111In alpha lymphocyte MoAb include localization of normal lymph nodes and T & B cell leukemias and lymphomas, as well as detecting lymphatic metastases of other cancers. Therapy may also be possible using MoAbs labeled with beta-emitting metal ions such as yttrium-90. PMID- 3921674 TI - Comparing acuity among hospitals. Who has the sickest patients? AB - A method by which nursing managers can determine the acuity level of their hospitals' patients, relative to other hospitals, is proposed. Without this information, it is difficult to justify higher staffing needs based on a sicker patient population than other hospitals. PMID- 3921675 TI - Nitroglycerin-controlled circulation in orthognathic surgery. AB - Significant blood loss is a potential complication of maxillary osteotomies and maxillary and mandibular osteotomies. Controlling circulation by lowering blood pressure is a technique that has been used successfully to avoid this problem. Of the various agents available, nitroglycerin was chosen because of its known beneficial cardiovascular effects and its lack of toxicity as compared with sodium nitroprusside. Nine patients undergoing either maxillary or maxillary/mandibular osteotomies were anesthetized with halothane, N2O, O2, and supplemental doses of a muscle relaxant and narcotic. Nitroglycerin was used to lower mean arterial pressure during periods of potential increased blood loss. Estimated blood loss was 439 +/- 1.19 ml. The hemoglobin and hematocrit fell slightly from 13.8 +/- 1.74 g/dl and 41.2 +/- 5.11% to 12.04 +/- 1.8 g/dl and 35.6 +/- 4.9%. Attenuation of the pulmonary hypoxic vasoconstriction reflex was also seen, as was evidenced by a decrease in PaO2 after nitroglycerin administration. It was concluded that nitroglycerin is a safe and efficacious agent for controlled circulation during maxillary osteotomy surgery. PMID- 3921676 TI - Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophils: a clinical-pathological conference. PMID- 3921677 TI - Lichen planus and liver disease: how strong is the association? AB - One hundred and thirteen patients with histologically confirmed oral lichen planus, from three stomatology clinics, were examined for evidence of liver disease. No patient had clinical evidence of liver disease. Nine patients (7.9%) had a raised serum concentration of a single enzyme; 6 patients had raised gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, 2 had raised alkaline phosphatase, and 1 had raised aspartate transaminase levels. No patient had serum auto-antibodies suggestive of primary biliary cirrhosis or chronic active hepatitis. Most patients presenting with oral lichen planus are unlikely to have liver disease. PMID- 3921678 TI - A quantitative ultrastructural study of alterations in the area of the basal cell stromal interface during experimental oral carcinogenesis. AB - Because of its topographical location, the basal cell in carcinomas must play a significant role in the invasion of adjacent tissues. We have analysed the proportion of the basal cell plasma membrane in direct contact with the adjacent lamina propria during in vivo oral carcinogenesis. Samples of hamster cheek-pouch mucosa treated with DMBA were assigned to hyperplasia, dysplasia and carcinoma groups using strictly defined histopathological criteria. Electron micrographs of basal cells were subjected to stereological intersection counting to provide estimates of the proportion of the total basal cell membrane in contact with the connective tissue (SSBM,PM). In untreated controls, a mean value of 9% was obtained, whereas, for DMBA-induced hyperplasias, dysplasias and carcinomas, values were 8%, 12% and 16% respectively. Statistically, SSBM,PM values were significantly elevated in dysplasias and carcinomas. The changes in this parameter may reflect an increased motility in the transforming basal cell prior to and concomitant with cellular invasion, and may prove to be of value as a structural indicator of malignant transformation. PMID- 3921679 TI - Parotid gland basement membrane variation in diabetes mellitus. AB - Post-mortem samples of parotid gland were obtained from 15 patients with a history of diabetes mellitus for a minimum of 5 years, and from 15 age- and sex matched controls. The tissue was studied by direct immunofluorescence for abnormal binding of selected serum proteins, including IgG, IgM, IgA, C3, fibrinogen, polyvalent immunoglobulin and albumin, to acinar and ductal basement membranes of the gland. Thickness of these basement membranes was also assessed using a calibrated magnifier on uniformly enlarged photomicrographs of the tissue which had been stained by the chromotrope silver methenamine method to highlight basement membranes. Results of this investigation revealed parotid gland basement membrane abnormalities in all diabetic subjects as indicated by the binding of IgG, albumin and polyvalent immunoglobulins to ductal and acinar basement membranes. These basement membranes were uniformly negative in control subjects for the binding of all serum proteins tested. Binding of IgA was also noted in 7 of 15 experimental subjects, with 6 of these representing Type I diabetics. Basement membrane measurements revealed no difference in thickness between diabetic and non-diabetic subjects. Variations in parotid diabetic basement membranes evidenced in this study further substantiate the idea that membranopathy in this disease is systemic in nature. PMID- 3921680 TI - Distribution of fibronectin and laminin in oral leukoplakia and carcinoma. AB - We determined the distribution of 2 components of the extracellular matrix, fibronectin and laminin, in normal, premalignant, and malignant oral mucosa. Both indirect immunofluorescence and avidin-biotin complex immunoperoxidase techniques were used with antisera to each glycoprotein. Fibronectin was consistently present in the basement membrane and connective tissue of normal, leukoplakic and malignant oral mucosa regardless of anatomic site. A continuous laminin-reactive basement membrane structure separated tumor parenchyma from the associated stroma except in areas of invasion in which no laminin staining was evident. PMID- 3921681 TI - Regional odontodysplasia in epidermal nevus syndrome. AB - Epidermal nevus syndrome is defined as a combination of nevoid skin alterations, epileptic seizures, and psychomotoric retardation. Involvement of other organs, especially the eyes, may also occur, but is not obligatory. The present report is concerned with a case that combined regional odontodysplasia with nevoid skin alterations in the overlying skin area of the face. This observation suggests that odontodysplasia may be the result of aberrations in the development and migration of cells of the neural crest occurring early in embryonic life. PMID- 3921682 TI - Studies on the vascular drainage system of the hamster buccal pouch. AB - Because some investigators feel that the hamster buccal pouch is an immune privileged site with no lymphatic drainage, this study was done to demonstrate and further elucidate a drainage system from the pouch to the cervical nodes. Eight hamsters were injected with india ink, submucosally in the right pouch. Dissections at one or 2 days revealed ink in macrophages in the right submandibular nodes at 2 days. Histologically, the ink was noted within macrophages which aggregated around blood vessels. No lymph vessels were noted in the pouch. Six hamsters were injected with fluorochrome-labelled latex microspheres. At 2 and at 4 days the microspheres were noted in both the pouches and the ipsilateral submandibular nodes. The results indicate there is a delayed lymphatic drainage from cheek pouches to the submandibular nodes mediated by macrophages. PMID- 3921683 TI - Luminal nutrients and intestinal adaptation. PMID- 3921684 TI - Influence of preoperative parenteral alimentation on postoperative growth in adolescent Crohn's disease. AB - The postoperative growth rates achieved in eight early pubertal adolescent males with Crohn's disease undergoing surgery for obstructive complications is reported as a function of the use of 1 month's preoperative central venous alimentation. All patients had ileal strictures with ileocolitis, bone ages less than 13, Tanner stages 1 or 2, and growth velocities below the 3rd percentile for age. During a 3-year follow-up, those receiving preoperative venous alimentation demonstrated greater oral caloric intake (significant for 1 year) and greater postoperative growth velocity (significant for 2 years) in comparison to those patients who did not receive preoperative venous alimentation. There was no significant difference between the two groups of patients in postoperative weight gain, sexual development, and 3-year disease control. PMID- 3921685 TI - Effect of nutritional method on adaptation of the intestinal remnant after massive bowel resection. AB - Adaptation of the intestinal remnant with hypertrophy/hyperplasia and increased absorption occurs, ultimately, after massive bowel resection. During the early postresection period, the rate of the adaptational process may be influenced by the method of nutritional support. Nutrients given by mouth may support a strong stimulus for hypertrophy but may be incompletely absorbed from the short intestinal remnant. Intravenous nutrition, while eliminating the need for intestinal absorption, may not support the hypertrophic process of that remnant. We tested the effect of different nutritional methods on the hypertrophic and functional adaptation of the intestinal remnant after 90% resection in the rat. The methods included oral feeding with regular rat chow, oral feeding with elemental diet, intravenous nutrition, and a combination of intravenous nutrition and oral feedings. Full thickness intestinal wall wet weight and mucosal wet weight, as well as in vivo L-valine absorption, were measured 9 days after operation. Resected subgroups were compared to sham-operated controls receiving similar diets. Increase in the weight of the intestinal remnant and its mucosa was noted in all resected subgroups receiving oral diets. Valine absorption per unit length and/or unit weight was significantly decreased in rats receiving oral diets alone and rats receiving a combination of intravenous and oral elemental diet. Significant increase in intestinal and mucosal weight without decrease in valine absorption was demonstrated in the animals receiving a combination of intravenous nutrition and regular chow diet. The results suggest that a combination of intravenous nutrition and ad libitum oral feedings with regular diet may represent the best method of nutritional support in the early postresectional period. PMID- 3921686 TI - Effect of ranitidine on gastric acid hypersecretion in an infant with short bowel syndrome. AB - We studied the effect of ranitidine given in graded bolus intravenous doses on gastric acid hypersecretion in an unfed 3-month-old male with short bowel syndrome. We measured gastric volume and H+ serially for 12 h following each bolus and correlated inhibition of H+ secretion with plasma ranitidine concentration. In the first 4 h post drug, doses of 0.3, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 mg/kg resulted in 78, 93, 97, and 98% inhibition, respectively. The cumulative 12-h effect of the drug was to inhibit H+ secretion 67, 63, 72, and 87%. The IC50 for H+ secretion was between 50 and 100 ng/ml, and the IC90 between 130 and 150 ng/ml. Volume of gastric secretions was reduced by approximately 50% by all ranitidine doses. Because gastric acid hypersecretion interferes with nutrient absorption, the infant was treated with ranitidine during a 5-week trial of enteral feeding. A decrease in the antisecretory effect of ranitidine apparent at the end of the treatment period temporally related to an increase in oxyntic mucosal function. No adverse drug effects were observed during treatment. PMID- 3921687 TI - Blood oxygen, carbon dioxide and pH levels prior to diagnosis of retinopathy of prematurity. AB - We examined the eyes of all infants in our Neonatal Intensive Care Unit from 1979 to 1981 who were premature and/or had exposure to increased ambient oxygen. From these 1,012 neonates, 19 were found to have Grade III or worse acute retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in at least one eye. We studied the graphic relationship of the mean daily values for blood Pc02, Pa02, PC02, and pH and the production of retinopathy of prematurity in these infants and compared the results with a similar group of infants who had similar birthweight, gestational age and Vitamin E administration. The comparison group patients were in the hospital during this same period of time and did not have Grade III ROP. There was no characteristic level, peak or pattern of these values that could identify or predict which infants would develop ROP. PMID- 3921688 TI - Crystallization of excipients in tablets. AB - Whisker-like crystals appeared on the surface of tablets that contained lactose or mannitol, a hygroscopic material such as docusate sodium, magnesium chloride, or potassium acetate, and other ingredients stored in an atmosphere of high relative humidity. The crystals were observed under a scanning electron microscope and were measured using differential scanning calorimetry and TLC. The crystals contained lactose or mannitol. PMID- 3921689 TI - Liquid chromatographic determination of noxytiolin and 1-methyl-2-thiourea in serum: application to pharmacokinetic studies in rabbits and humans. AB - A high-performance liquid chromatographic method is described which determines noxytiolin and 1-methyl-2-thiourea concentrations in serum. Valid determination requires immediate ultracentrifugation of blood samples, rapid serum freezing, and injection into the chromatograph within 6 h. A number of pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated from serum concentration data in rabbits and humans. An unknown metabolite was detected in both species but its structure was not identified. PMID- 3921690 TI - Temperature-dependent calcium sensitivity changes in skinned muscle fibres of rat and toad. AB - Single mechanically skinned muscle fibres of different types (fast- and slow twitch mammalian; slow and twitch amphibian) were successively activated in solutions of various Ca2+ concentrations at different temperatures. An increase in temperature from 5 to 22 degrees C reversibly shifted the isometric steady state force-pCa curves towards higher Ca2+ concentration for individual fibres of each of the muscle types. A further increase in temperature to 35 degrees C in mammalian fibres resulted in an additional decrease in Ca2+ sensitivity. The temperature dependence of Ca2+ sensitivity was greater in the 'faster' fibre types: fast-twitch greater than slow-twitch; twitch greater than slow. The maximum isometric force response, P0, of both rat and toad skinned fibres was found to be strongly dependent on temperature below 22 degrees C. No detectable force could be induced by Ca2+ in mammalian muscle fibres at 0-1 degree C while in toad fibres P0 decreased by about 90% when temperature dropped from 20 to 0 degree C. Since in mechanically skinned fibres of other amphibians (Bufo bufo, Rana species) P0 is only marginally affected it is likely that the P0-temperature relations are indicative of the range of temperature over which the muscles are normally functional. The P0-temperature relations of skinned muscle fibres closely resembled the P0-temperature relations of tetanically stimulated intact muscle preparations from the same species of animals suggesting that the contractile apparatus is mainly responsible for the variation of force response with temperature in intact muscle. PMID- 3921691 TI - The effects of native and modified bovine serum albumin on the permeability of frog mesenteric capillaries. AB - Single capillaries in the mesenteries of pithed frogs were perfused sequentially with two frog Ringer solutions. The first solution contained no protein; the second solution contained either native or chemically modified bovine serum albumin (BSA) at a concentration of 3-5 mg ml-1. During each perfusion capillary permeability was assessed from the hydraulic conductivity of the capillary wall (Lp) which was determined from measurements of fluid filtration rate at two or more different capillary pressures (Michel, Mason, Curry, Tooke & Hunter, 1974). Lp measured during perfusion with protein-free Ringer solution was on average three times greater than its value for the same vessel perfused with Ringer solution containing native BSA. This confirms the findings of Mason, Curry & Michel (1977). BSA, which had been succinylated to modify the free amino groups of its lysine residues, appeared to be as effective as native BSA in reducing Lp. After modification of its arginine side chains by exposure to 1,2 cyclohexanedione (CHD) in the presence of 0.2 M-NaOH, BSA lost its property of reducing Lp in capillaries perfused with Ringer solution. Exposure of BSA to 0.2 M-NaOH followed by dialysis against normal Ringer solution did not affect its property of reducing Lp. CHD-treated BSA at a concentration of 2.5 mg ml-1 had no effect upon the effective osmotic pressure exerted across capillary walls by Ringer perfusates containing the neutral polymer Ficoll 70 at a concentration of 40 mg ml-1. Native BSA raised the effective osmotic pressure from 7.07 +/- 1.93 cmH2O to 20.50 +/- 2.37 cmH2O (n = 7; P less than 0.001). It is concluded that the effects of BSA on permeability depend upon specific sites in the BSA molecule. It is suggested that these sites involve positively charged arginine side chains of the albumin molecule. The results are discussed in terms of the fibre-matrix hypothesis of capillary permeability and in terms of Brown's (1976) theory for the structure of albumin. PMID- 3921692 TI - Effects of inhibiting carbonic anhydrase on isometric contraction of frog skeletal muscle. AB - Carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity was determined in a homogenate of frog skeletal muscle by measuring the kinetics of CO2 hydration in a pH stopped-flow apparatus. The results suggest that frog skeletal muscle contains a high-activity CA with properties similar to those of the isoenzyme CA II found in white skeletal muscle tissue of the rabbit. In an attempt to assess the functional significance of CA in skeletal muscle, the maximal isometric force of frog gastrocnemius muscle was measured in response to direct or indirect (ischiadic nerve) single-pulse electrical stimulation before (control) and after exposing the muscle to various concentrations of the specific carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, ethoxzolamide, acetazolamide, and methazolamide. In the range of ethoxzolamide concentration between 10(-9) and 10(-6) M, maximal isometric force with indirect supramaximal stimulation declined progressively with inhibitor concentration to less than 10% of the control value. Acetazolamide and methazolamide were less effective in that concentrations of above 10(-4) M were necessary to inhibit maximum isometric force by 50%. Even at the highest ethoxzolamide concentration used (10(-6) M), no effect was observed either on the amplitude of the compound nerve action potential or on the conduction velocity of group I fibres in the ischiadic nerve, suggesting that ethoxzolamide did not affect the mechanisms responsible for spike generation or conduction in the motor fibres. With direct supramaximal stimulation of the gastrocnemius muscle, no effects on maximal isometric force were observed of CA inhibition by any of the inhibitors used. The results suggest that CA acts on the neuromuscular transmission. The exact site and mechanism of action are unknown. PMID- 3921693 TI - Dentin permeability and pulpal response to EDTA. PMID- 3921694 TI - Electron microscope autoradiography of DNA synthesis in the replication band of two hypotrichous ciliates. AB - The synthesis of DNA in two hypotrichous ciliates, Styx sp. and an amicronucleated strain of Oxytricha sp., was studied by high voltage (1000 kV) electron microscopy. High voltage EM permits use of thick sections (0.25-0.40 micron), including serial sections; thick sections produce strong autoradiographic images with relatively short exposure times. The autoradiographs show that DNA synthesis occurs in a narrow part of the rear zone of a replication band in the macronucleus. Macronuclear DNA synthesis occupies a substantial part of the interdivision interval, and micronuclear DNA synthesis in Styx sp. takes place in early prophase at a time when macronuclear DNA synthesis is in its terminal phase. PMID- 3921695 TI - Exoantigens of Trypanosoma cruzi. I. Conditions for their detection and immunogenic properties in experimental infections. AB - Exoantigens of Trypanosoma cruzi were produced in experimentally infected BALB/c mice. The exoantigens were detected by the counterimmunoelectrophoresis method (CIE), with antisera raised in rabbits by immunization with total homogenates of culture forms of T. cruzi, in plasma from infected animals obtained by centrifugation and filtration. Control experiments indicated that exoantigens are not somatic components of T. cruzi leaked during the preparative procedure. Exoantigens were detected in male and female mice, 11-90 days old, between 6 and 60 days of infection, and in all mice with patent parasitemia. After 13 days of infection, mice developed antibodies to exoantigens; by CIE up to three populations of antibodies were revealed in different groups of animals. In mice between 13 and 60 days of infection, the coexistence of exoantigens and homologous antibodies was also observed. The exoantigens are not strain specific since a cross reactivity between antigens from three strains of T. cruzi (Tulahuen, Higueras, and Alejandro) was seen. Finally, the presence of antibodies to exoantigens in humans with chronic Chagas' disease was demonstrated. PMID- 3921696 TI - Macrophage activation by Tetrahymena pyriformis. I. Active subcellular fractions of Tetrahymena. AB - Experiments were carried out to determine what subcellular fractions of Tetrahymena pyriformis could, after inoculation into mice, activate macrophages to kill Toxoplasma gondii in vitro. Peritoneal macrophages from mice inoculated intraperitoneally with cilia, pellicles, mitochondria, and microsomes exhibited strong toxoplasmacidal activity and had an enhanced capacity to release hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by stimulation of a membrane-active agent as compared with resident macrophages. In contrast, macrophages from mice inoculated with macronuclei and postmicrosomal supernatant showed no toxoplasmacidal activity and a low level of H2O2 release. Similar dose response was observed on the active subcellular fractions with regard to the degree of macrophage activation. Treatment of the active subcellular fractions with heating and trypsin markedly reduced their activity. PMID- 3921697 TI - Further studies of dopamine metabolism and function in Tetrahymena. AB - The large amounts of dopamine accumulated by cells of Tetrahymena pyriformis strain NT-1 and secreted into their growth medium were found to depend primarily upon an extracellular, non-enzymatic conversion of tyrosine to L dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA); L-DOPA was then rapidly taken into the cells and transformed into dopamine enzymatically. Efforts to find physiologically significant dopamine binding sites on the cell surface or dopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase activity were unsuccessful, suggesting that the catecholamine does not function in Tetrahymena as it does in higher animals. PMID- 3921698 TI - Structure, isolation, and protein composition of the pellicle of Sarcocystis muris cystozoites (Protozoa, Coccidia). AB - The molecular organization of the Sarcocystis muris cystozoite pellicle has been investigated by freeze-fracture electron microscopy and by electrophoresis of the proteins of isolated pellicles. Freeze-fracture revealed a highly ordered organization of the inner membrane complex similar to the one described in other coccidian zoites. Purification of pellicles was achieved by French Press homogenization followed by sucrose gradient floatation. Electron microscopy of the pellicle fraction demonstrated the partial preservation of the triple membrane structure whereas freeze-fracture showed the disorganization of the particle arrangements of the inner membrane complex. The SDS-PAGE of the fraction revealed a complex protein composition with one major protein of 31,000 daltons, not labeled by lactoperoxidase-catalyzed surface iodination of living cystozoites. PMID- 3921699 TI - Trypanosoma cruzi: biological characterization of clones derived from chronic chagasic patients. II. Quantitative analysis of the intracellular cycle. AB - The complete intracellular cycle of five cloned stocks of Trypanosoma cruzi was quantified. Marked but stable interclonal differences were found in the length of the pre-replicative lag period (18.2-34.2 h), amastigote doubling time (8.6-21.5 h), and duration of the complete intracellular cycle (96-215 h). Strong correlations were demonstrated between these characteristics as well as to the growth rate of the epimastigote stage of the same clones grown in liquid medium. These data demonstrate that the marked heterogeneity of the natural population of T. cruzi extends to the intracellular cycle of the parasite and has important implications for our understanding of Chagas' disease. PMID- 3921700 TI - Purification of tissue forms (Amastigotes) of Trypanosoma cruzi by immunoaffinity chromatography. AB - A rapid and simple method for the purification of amastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi from spleens of infected mice is described. A protein A-Sepharose 4B immunoadsorbent column bound with antisera to epimastigotes of T. cruzi was used to purify the tissue forms of this parasite. Host cells and debris are not retained, and parasites can be eluted in high yields and purity. Studies of surface glycoproteins and glycolipids of the purified amastigotes with 18 lectins of various specificities revealed the presence on the parasites of receptors for N-acetylglucosamine, N-acetylgalactosamine, D-galactose, and D-mannose binding lectins. PMID- 3921701 TI - Influence of season and sex on the inhibitory effect of ovine follicular fluid on plasma gonadotrophins in gonadectomized sheep. AB - The inhibitory effects of follicular fluid on FSH secretion were similar in gonadectomized male and female sheep, and in the anoestrous and breeding seasons. Significant suppression of LH was variable and was observed only at the highest dose of follicular fluid when suppression rarely exceeded 50% of pretreatment values. Basal plasma FSH and LH concentrations were higher in castrated males than in ovariectomized females in both seasons. Plasma FSH concentrations in gonadectomized males and females and LH concentrations in the males were lower in the anoestrous than the breeding season. Therefore, in the absence of the gonads, sex and photoperiod can influence hypothalamic control of basal pituitary gonadotrophin secretion in males and females, whereas the feedback effect of non steroidal factors in follicular fluid (inhibin) on FSH secretion is not influenced by photoperiod or sex. PMID- 3921702 TI - Control of gonadotrophin release in Scottish Blackface and Finnish Landrace ewes during seasonal anoestrus. AB - The patterns of LH and FSH secretion were measured in 4 experimental groups of Finnish Landrace and Scottish Blackface ewes: long-term (18 months) ovariectomized ewes (Group 1), long-term ovariectomized ewes with an oestradiol implant, which has been shown to produce peripheral levels of approximately 5 pg/ml (Group 2), long-term ovariectomized ewes with an oestradiol implant for 18 months which was subsequently removed (surgery on Day 0) (Group 3) and short-term ovariectomized ewes (surgery on Day 0) (Group 4). LH and FSH concentrations were monitored in all groups at approximately weekly intervals, before and after Day 0. Finnish Landrace ewes in Groups 1, 2 and 3 had significantly higher mean FSH concentrations than did Scottish Blackface ewes (P less than 0.01). FSH and LH concentrations increased significantly in Groups 3 and 4, but values in Group 4 were significantly lower (P less than 0.01) than those in Group 1 ewes even up to 30 days after ovariectomy. In Group 3, LH concentrations increased to levels similar to those in Group 1. The pattern of LH release was, however, significantly different, with a lower LH pulse frequency (P less than 0.05), but higher pulse amplitude (P less than 0.05). This difference was maintained at least until 28 days after implant removal. We suggest that removal of negative feedback by ovariectomy demonstrates an underlying breed difference in the pattern of FSH secretion and that ovarian factors other than oestradiol are also involved in the negative-feedback control of hypothalamic/pituitary gland function. Furthermore, negative-feedback effects can be maintained for long periods, at least 28 days, after ovariectomy or oestradiol implant removal. PMID- 3921703 TI - GnRH pulse frequency determines LH pulse amplitude by altering the amount of releasable LH in the pituitary glands of ewes. AB - We have measured the size of the releasable pools of LH and FSH in the pituitary glands of ovariectomized ewes in which the pituitary was isolated surgically from the hypothalamus. The ewes were given GnRH pulses (250 ng) every hour (N = 3) or every 2 h (N = 3) for 1 week and then given a high dose GnRH infusion (0.5 micrograms/min) for 4 h. Blood samples were collected to characterize the LH and FSH responses to the GnRH pulses and infusion. The LH, but not FSH, responses to the individual GnRH pulses were pulsatile and the amplitudes of the LH pulses were greater in the sheep receiving pulses every 2 h. The sheep receiving hourly pulses showed lower LH responses to the high-dose infusions than did the sheep receiving pulses every 2 h. These data indicate a relationship between the amplitude of LH pulses and the size of the releasable pool of LH in the pituitary gland. As the frequency of GnRH pulses is decreased the amplitude of the LH responses is increased in direct proportion to the size of the releasable LH pool. PMID- 3921704 TI - Changes in pulsatile LH secretion and the positive and negative feedback actions of oestradiol after administration of a GnRH agonist in the ovariectomized ewe. AB - Administration of a GnRH agonist (5 micrograms) every 12 h to long-term ovariectomized ewes for 5 or 10 days during the breeding season suppressed mean LH levels from around 6 to 1 ng/ml on Days 1 and 4 after treatment; on Day 1 after treatment LH pulse frequency and amplitude were lower than pretreatment values. On Day 4 after treatment LH pulse frequency was restored to pretreatment levels (1 per h) whereas LH pulse amplitude had only slightly increased from 0.5 to 1 ng/ml, a value 25% of that before treatment. This increase in amplitude was greater the shorter the duration of treatment. Ovariectomized ewes treated with the agonist for 5 days exhibited both negative and positive feedback actions after implantation of a capsule containing oestradiol; however, compared to control ewes treated with oestradiol only, the positive and negative feedback actions of oestradiol were blunted. These results suggest that the recovery of tonic LH concentrations after GnRH agonist-induced suppression is limited primarily by changes in LH pulse amplitude. The results also demonstrate that the feedback actions of oestradiol are attenuated, but not blocked, by GnRH agonist treatment. PMID- 3921705 TI - Gonadotrophin release in ovariectomized ewes fed different amounts of coumestrol. AB - Three experiments were conducted to study changes in pulsatile secretion of LH and FSH during the breeding season or anoestrus in ovariectomized Ile-de-France ewes fed different amounts of the phyto-oestrogen coumestrol. In Exp. 1, conducted during the breeding season, ewes (3-4 per group) were fed lucerne supplying 4, 18 or 30 mg coumestrol per ewe per day for 15 days. Experiments 2 and 3 were conducted during seasonal anoestrus. In Exp. 2, ewes (4 per group) were fed lucerne supplying coumestrol concentrations ranging from 4 to 38 mg/ewe/day for 15 days. In Exp. 3, ewes (10 per group) were fed lucerne supplying 14 or 125 mg coumestrol/ewe/day for 15 days. During the breeding season, an increased concentration of coumestrol in the diet significantly decreased the amplitude of LH pulses. There were no effects on LH pulse frequency or on FSH concentrations. During seasonal anoestrus, there were no significant effects on LH pulse frequency, or amplitude and no significant effect on FSH concentration. These results show that high concentrations of coumestrol in lucerne diets would not explain seasonal variation in LH pulse frequency in ovariectomized ewes. However, lucerne diets with increased coumestrol concentrations can influence LH release during the breeding season. PMID- 3921706 TI - Increase in ovulation rate after treatment of ewes with bovine follicular fluid in the luteal phase of the oestrous cycle. AB - Administration of charcoal-treated bovine follicular fluid to Damline ewes twice daily (i.v.) from Days 1 to 11 of the luteal phase (Day 0 = oestrus) resulted in a delay in the onset of oestrous behaviour and a significant increase in ovulation rate following cloprostenol-induced luteolysis on Day 12. During follicular fluid treatment plasma levels of FSH in samples withdrawn just before injection of follicular fluid at 09:00 h (i.e. 16 h after previous injection of follicular fluid) were initially suppressed, but by Day 8 of treatment had returned to those of controls. However, the injection of follicular fluid at 09:00 h on Day 8 still caused a significant suppression of FSH as measured during a 6-h sampling period. Basal LH levels were higher throughout treatment due to a significant increase in amplitude and frequency of pulsatile secretion. After cloprostenol-induced luteal regression at the end of treatment on Day 12, plasma levels of FSH increased 4-fold over those of controls and remained higher until the preovulatory LH surge. While LH concentrations were initially higher relative to those of controls, there was no significant difference in the amount of LH released immediately before or during the preovulatory surge. These results suggest that the increase in ovulation rate observed during treatment with bovine follicular fluid is associated with the change in the pattern of gonadotrophin secretion in the luteal and follicular phases of the cycle. PMID- 3921707 TI - Effect of castration on prostaglandin-mediated changes in membrane potential and prostaglandin synthesis in guinea-pig seminal vesicle tissue. AB - Arachidonic acid stimulated an increase in transmural electrical potential difference (p.d.) in guinea-pig seminal vesicle tissue in vitro. Pretreatment with indomethacin abolished this response. Indomethacin pretreatment did not prevent the p.d. from increasing in response to theophylline. Changes in p.d. in response to arachidonic acid were greatly attenuated, and the response to theophylline was abolished in seminal vesicle tissue taken from castrated guinea pigs. Seminal vesicles, aorta and ileum taken from castrated guinea-pigs synthesized and released more prostaglandins than did those from control animals. It is concluded that the effects of arachidonic acid on p.d. are mediated by its metabolism to prostaglandins; the inability of seminal vesicles from castrated animals to respond to arachidonic acid is not a result of a decrease in prostaglandin production, but is more likely a result of other degenerative changes attendant upon castration; and androgens appear to have some regulatory function on prostaglandin synthesis in a variety of tissues. PMID- 3921708 TI - Effects of oestradiol-17 beta on peripheral plasma concentrations of LH and FSH in ovariectomized tammars (Macropus eugenii). AB - Two experiments, each using 8 animals, were conducted in the non-breeding and breeding seasons, respectively, and each animal was injected with 4 different doses of oestradiol benzoate over 4 trials. The resulting physiological concentrations of plasma oestradiol caused depression of both LH and FSH values. The highest dose elicited a biphasic response in LH with a pulse-like surge at 24 h after injection. There was no significant difference between the response of either hormone at the two times of the year and it is concluded that, in tammars, there is no seasonal difference in the responsiveness of the hypothalamus/pituitary to the negative feedback effect of oestradiol. PMID- 3921709 TI - Chronic hepatitis: a review. PMID- 3921710 TI - Adverse effects of drugs--their causes and prevention. PMID- 3921711 TI - The manager, stress and psychosomatic disease. PMID- 3921712 TI - Student enrollment and the appreciation of principals on alcohol use in Bendel State, Nigeria. PMID- 3921713 TI - The consequences of Parkinson's disease--needs, provisions and initiatives. PMID- 3921714 TI - Proposals for health services in northern Nigeria. PMID- 3921715 TI - Attitude to head lice--a more powerful force than insecticides. PMID- 3921716 TI - Consumer views of self-care: promise or panacea. PMID- 3921717 TI - An evaluation of the water supply and sanitation problems in Nigeria. PMID- 3921718 TI - The benefits of oral contraceptives. PMID- 3921719 TI - Teaching laboratory test use. PMID- 3921720 TI - Maturation and aging of adult fat body and oenocytes in Drosophila as revealed by light microscopic morphometry. AB - A morphological and cytometric analysis of the adult fat body cells and oenocytes was made on sections of abdomens from immature, mature and senescent Drosophila melanogaster of both sexes. There are about 18,000 fat body cells in abdomens of female and mature male flies. Immature and senescent males have about 12,000 and 15,000 cells, respectively. The size of the cells is almost the same for immature flies of both sexes and increases about six-fold to approximately 2600 micron2, so that mature flies of both sexes have equivalent amounts of fat body tissue. The proportions of lipid, glycogen, and background cytoplasm of fat body cells also remain relatively constant throughout adult life, but dense, proteinaceous granules are observed in cells of senescent flies. The amounts of cellular components change dramatically due to change of cell size with age; the amount of lipid shows the greatest sexual difference with about 2x more in the females at all stages studied. The oenocytes number about 6,000 in the abdomens of all but immature male flies, which have approximately 4,000. Although the cells of both sexes triple in size to about 700 micron 2, the oenocytes of males reach maximum size earlier than those of females. The major features of oenocytes appear to be dense background cytoplasm, putative lipid droplets found only in mature flies, and pigmented granules first seen in the cells of mature flies which accumulate with age to 33% of the cytoplasm. The number of cells and their anticipated capacity for protein synthesis is discussed in relation to the production of yolk protein precursors. PMID- 3921721 TI - The effect of nerve lesions on the inflammatory response to injury. AB - The effects of surgical denervation, capsaicin, and 6-Hydroxydopamine pretreatment on the inflammatory response to thermal injury have been investigated in the rat. Surgical denervation and capsaicin pretreatment reduced the cellular and exudative reactions to the injury. 6-Hydroxydopamine appeared to have a selective effect on the exudative reaction only. The effects of surgical denervation are partly explained by local and systemic effects of the procedure. PMID- 3921722 TI - Sonographic diagnosis of a neoplasm in a bladder diverticulum. PMID- 3921723 TI - Monitoring for antibiotic resistance in enterococci consequent upon feeding growth promoters active against gram-positive bacteria. AB - Commercial chicken and pig farms, using different growth promoters, were monitored for enterococci resistant to a range of antibacterial agents. Due to inconsistent findings attributed to uncontrollable factors, chickens kept under experimental conditions were also studied. A total of 4216 isolates from all the surveys were examined. Resistant isolates were often encountered, even in control groups, suggesting complex population changes not necessarily solely connected with the influence of the growth promoters. It was concluded that comprehensive methods for differentiating strains are necessary to unravel this problem. PMID- 3921724 TI - Benign retroperitoneal neurilemoma without von Recklinghausen's disease: a rare occurrence. AB - We describe a rare case of a primary retroperitoneal neurilemoma that was confused initially on ultrasonography and computerized tomography for a renal carcinoma. These tumors vary in vascularity on arteriography, are more often solid than cystic and usually are benign in the absence of von Recklinghausen's disease. The preferred treatment is wide surgical excision. PMID- 3921725 TI - Priapism associated with the use of intravenous fat emulsion: case reports and postulated pathogenesis. AB - During the 8 years since inception of a home total parenteral nutrition program in 35 male patients 2 suffered priapism related temporally to the weekly intravenous infusion of 20 per cent fat emulsion. Fat emulsions have been shown to cause hypercoagulability, capillary thrombosis and fat embolus in in vivo and in vitro experiments. Autopsies of patients treated with intravenous fat emulsion have revealed capillary engorgement and fat embolus with associated organ infarction. We postulate that fat emulsions may cause priapism in these patients. Because of the more frequent occurrence of priapism in this small subset of patients we now recommend that 1) patients be informed of this potential complication before hyperalimentation is begun, 2) the less concentrated 10 per cent emulsion should be used twice weekly, rather than the 20 per cent emulsion weekly, and should be infused during at least 4 hours, and 3) the fat emulsion should be added to other components of the intravenous regimen, when possible, to dilute the fat and prolong its administration time. PMID- 3921726 TI - Receptor operated intracellular calcium stores in the smooth muscle of the guinea pig bladder. AB - Study of the in vitro behavior of strips of guinea pig bladder and taenia coli demonstrated that: Both bladder and taenia temporarily retain their ability to contract in Ca-free solutions, but the magnitude of this response decays with time. Carbachol is capable of producing contraction in Ca-free solution for a longer period of time than K depolarisation. Once lost, the ability of carbachol (but not K) to contract the tissues in Ca-free solution can be temporarily restored by a brief application of high Ca. The size of the carbachol contraction in Ca-free solution is reduced in Na-free solution, suggesting that membrane bound Ca may not play a major role in this response. In depolarised bladder exposed to nifedipine 2 X 10(-7) M, carbachol can only elicit 1 large contraction, suggesting depletion of an intracellular source. It is concluded that whereas the response of the bladder to depolarisation depends primarily on extracellular Ca, the response to carbachol may also involve release of stored Ca and that the bladder, like other smooth muscles, appears to contain agonist releasable intracellular Ca stores. PMID- 3921727 TI - The effect of moderate alcohol intake on serum apolipoproteins A-I and A-II. A controlled study. AB - High serum concentrations of apolipoprotein (apo) A-I are associated with a decreased risk of coronary heart disease. To study the effect of alcohol intake on serum apo A-I and A-II concentrations, 24 healthy male drinkers (37.8 +/- 13.9 mL [1.3 +/- 0.5 oz] of ethanol per day, mean +/- SD) were randomized into treatment and control groups after a three-week baseline period. The treatment group abstained from all intake of alcohol for the six weeks following randomization and then reverted to its usual level of intake for a five-week period. The control group continued its usual level of drinking throughout the trial. The concentrations of apo A-I and apo A-II of abstainers decreased significantly compared with the corresponding changes in controls. After drinking was resumed, apo A-I and apo A-II concentrations were significantly increased in the treatment group compared with the corresponding changes in the control group. These results suggest that the association between moderate alcohol intake and reduced risk of coronary heart disease may be mediated in part by increased levels of serum apo A-I or apo A-II, or both. PMID- 3921728 TI - Pseudotumor cerebri secondary to lithium carbonate. AB - Three patients were initially seen with headache, blurred vision, and papilledema while taking lithium carbonate for their respective bipolar affective disorder. A diagnosis of pseudotumor cerebri was made in each case when a thorough evaluation revealed only elevated intracranial pressure. Two of the patients had complete resolution of their symptoms and papilledema after discontinuing use of the drug. Increased intracranial pressure with papilledema persisted in the third patient when she failed to adjust psychiatrically, necessitating continuance of the lithium carbonate therapy. A history of lithium carbonate ingestion should be sought in patients with the syndrome of pseudotumor cerebri. All patients receiving this drug should have a regular funduscopic examination. PMID- 3921729 TI - The optimal branched-chain to total amino acid ratio in the injury-adapted amino acid formulation. AB - Several recent studies have suggested that solutions containing increased amounts of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) might be useful in the treatment of patients with trauma and/or sepsis. In this study we investigated the optimal amount of BCAA in a balanced nutritional solution in an injured rat laparotomy model. The amino acid content of a standard BCAA-enriched amino acid solution was enriched to 40, 45, and 50% by the addition of equimolar amounts of the three BCAA. Rats were infused with either 3.6 cal/100 g body weight/24 hr or with 18 cal/100 g body weight/24 hr with either a 40, 45, or 50% BCAA mixture and evaluated for nitrogen balance, plasma amino acid levels, and levels of plasma blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, glucose, albumin, and blood ammonia. Nitrogen balance was negative in rats receiving only 3.6 cal/100 g body weight/24 hr, but was least negative in the group receiving 45% BCAA. Nitrogen balance was positive in groups receiving 18 cal/100 g body weight/24 hr, but was most positive in groups receiving 40 or 45% BCAA-containing solutions. Plasma amino acid patterns were least distorted in the 40 and 45% formulations. Blood ammonia was highest in the 40% BCAA group and plasma albumin was best maintained in the 45% BCAA group regardless of the amount of caloric supply. The results suggest that a 45% BCAA enriched solution is the most appropriate in this injured rat model. PMID- 3921730 TI - Energy requirements of parenterally fed bone marrow transplant recipients. AB - To determine the energy intake (kcal/kg/day) necessary to maintain zero nitrogen balance (assuming adequate protein intake) during the first 30 days after transplant, we studied 91 bone marrow transplant recipients. Serial nitrogen balance and concomitant energy and protein intakes were determined prospectively on each patient. Eight-four (92%) of the patients (ages 4-49 yr) had sufficient data for evaluation. For each patient, a simple linear model (nitrogen balance vs energy intake) was used to determine the patient's predicted individual energy requirement during the first 30 posttransplant days (EReq30). Weighted least squares multiple regression was used to determine the effect on EReq30 of such variables as age and sex. Energy requirements were significantly (p less than 0.001) greater for children, males, and patients with acute graft-vs-host disease, and when the percent of the total energy intake given by the intravenous route was high. An equation that incorporated these variables was developed to predict the energy requirements for bone marrow transplant recipients during their first 30 posttransplant days. Although individual energy requirements vary, this equation is a useful guide for initial energy prescriptions. PMID- 3921731 TI - Glucose and insulin infusion directly after cardiac surgery: effects on systemic glucose uptake, catecholamine excretion, O2 consumption, and CO2 production. AB - Systemic glucose uptake was studied in 31 patients during 4 hr starting 1 hr after open heart surgery, using the hyperinsulinemic "clamp" technique at different plasma insulin levels and at a glucose concentration of 6 or 10 mmol/liter. Possible metabolic side effects related to the glucose uptake were studied by measurements of urinary catecholamine excretion, O2 consumption, CO2 production, and arterial PCO2. A peak systemic glucose uptake of 7.0 +/- 0.4 mg/kg body weight/min was found at a plasma insulin concentration of 3192 +/- 150 mU/liter and a blood glucose concentration of 10.2 +/- 0.1 mmol/liter. No significant difference was found in urinary catecholamine excretion compared to control patients. O2 consumption was unaltered while a 15% increase in CO2 production was observed. PMID- 3921732 TI - Use of urea kinetics in the nutritional care of the acutely ill patient. AB - In acutely ill patients nitrogen balance is often assessed clinically from measurements of protein intake and urinary urea nitrogen. We have utilized urea kinetic modeling to measure urea generation rates, protein catabolic rates and nitrogen balance in 19 acutely ill patients with varying degrees of renal dysfunction and have studied the effect of varying caloric intake on protein balance during a period of fixed protein intake. In patients with measured creatinine clearances equal to or greater than 50 ml/min there was a highly significant correlation between nitrogen balance estimates derived from urea kinetic modeling and those obtained from urinary urea nitrogen (R = 0.939; p less than 0.001). When creatinine clearance measurements were between 20 to 50 ml/min the correlation between the two estimates was poorer (R = 0.337; p less than 0.001). In patients whose creatinine clearance was below 20 ml/min the correlation between measurements was worse still (R = 0.229; p less than 0.002). To determine the effects of increasing caloric intake on protein catabolic rate seven acutely ill patients were studied. When caloric intake was increased from 27.8 to 34.2 kcal/kg/day while on a fixed protein intake of 1.27 g/kg/day there was a significant fall in protein catabolic rate from 1.39 to 0.99 g/kg/day (p less than 0.002). As urea kinetic modeling takes into account changes in blood urea nitrogen, extrarenal losses of urea and the urinary urea pool, it is the preferred method for measuring protein balance in acutely ill patients particularly those with poor renal function. Serial monitoring of protein catabolic rates permits easy continuous assessment of the effect of increasing caloric intake on protein sparing during parenteral hyperalimentation. PMID- 3921733 TI - Successful management of chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction with home parenteral nutrition. AB - Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction is a disorder of gut motility resulting in severe abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, and vomiting after eating. The avoidance of food in order to minimize symptoms causes malnutrition. To date, no medical or surgical treatment has been shown to be of lasting benefit. We treated 10 patients disabled by chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction using home parenteral nutrition. All were rendered minimally symptomatic as long as they refrained from significant oral intake. Nine of the 10 patients were malnourished prior to the institution of treatment. Home parenteral nutrition increased mean total body weight from 74.7 +/- 2.9 to 93.5 +/- 3.7% (p less than 0.001), mean lean body mass from 78.4 +/- 6.5 to a mean of 92.7 +/- 2.6 (p less than 0.02), and mean body fat from 57.1 +/- 8.8 to 83.8 +/- 8.2% of expected values (p less than 0.05). Mean total body potassium increased from 68.8 +/- 13.1 to 80.5 +/- 10.7 g (p less than 0.05). We conclude that in chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction, home parenteral nutrition coupled with minimal oral intake effectively relieves symptoms and significantly improves the nutritional depletion. PMID- 3921734 TI - Blood vitamin levels of long-term adult home total parenteral nutrition patients: the efficacy of the AMA-FDA parenteral multivitamin formulation. AB - Although the AMA-FDA parenteral adult multivitamin formula is now widely used, there are no published data on the efficacy of this formulation in maintaining adequate vitamin nutriture in patients on long-term parenteral nutrition. Blood levels of its constituent nutrients were determined in 16 clinically stable home total parenteral nutrition patients with severe gastrointestinal dysfunction, the majority of whom had been on home total parenteral nutrition for 1 to 9 yr and most of whom were ingesting some food orally. The daily formula (MVI-12) was added to the basic total parenteral nutrition formula in 2-day batches; the vitamins were thus infused approximately 3 hr after preparation on day 1 and after 27 hr on day 2. The duration of infusions was from 8 to 16 hr. Blood was drawn approximately 36 hr after completion of the last vitamin infusion. Plasma, trichloroacetic acid-treated plasma, and whole blood were frozen until analyzed for the vitamins by microbiologic or chemical methods. All vitamin levels, except for vitamin D metabolites, were measured four times in each patient between the 4th and 36th wk while receiving daily MVI-12. Single determinations of 25-OH and 1:25 (OH)2 vitamin D were made in eight of the 16 patients between the 61st and 84th wk while on MVI-12. Repeat values during this extended period were also made on five of the patients for vitamins A and E. These values were compared with serum vitamin levels obtained on an earlier formulation (MVI concentrate, Berocca C, and folate each given twice weekly and B12 given once weekly). The AMA-FDA formula given daily maintained blood levels above the lower normal limits for most of its constituent vitamins and vitamin D metabolites for the great majority of stable home total parenteral nutrition adults with unexplained occasional exceptions. However, almost half of the vitamin A levels and some of the pantothenate and biotin values were above the normal range; these tended to be associated with the presence of renal disease. Ascorbic acid and thiamin levels tended to be clustered in the lower normal range. Because of evidence for loss of ascorbic acid standing in total parenteral nutrition solutions for 24 hr prior to infusion, it is recommended that the vitamin formulation be added to the total parenteral nutrition solution just prior to infusion. PMID- 3921735 TI - Xylitol, an energy source for intravenous nutrition after trauma. PMID- 3921736 TI - Pneumothorax complicating enteral feeding tube placement. AB - Two cases are presented of pneumothorax complicating enteral feeding tube insertion. A previous report describing three similar cases is noted. Neurologically impaired patients appear to be particularly at risk for this complication, which may be encouraged by use of a guidewire during tube insertion. It is suggested that enteral feeding tubes in neurologically impaired patients be inserted under fluoroscopic guidance using a tube specifically designed for this purpose. PMID- 3921737 TI - Hyperalimentation during pregnancy: a case report. AB - Severe, prolonged hyperemesis gravidarum was managed with total parenteral nutrition throughout three trimesters. Reversal of maternal weight loss and adequate fetal growth were achieved. A viable, large for gestational age infant was delivered prematurely at 34 wk. Serum values for selected nutrients, taken at delivery from maternal and cord blood, suggest that present estimates of parenteral nutritional needs for vitamins and minerals during pregnancy are probably low. An important corollary to maternal weight gain and caloric intake is to provide adequate nutrition as early as possible for optimal fetal weight gain. PMID- 3921738 TI - Severe acute metabolic acidosis (acute beriberi): an avoidable complication of total parenteral nutrition. AB - Total parenteral nutrition is one of the most important recent advances in medicine. The delivery of total parenteral nutrition, however, can be associated with a broad spectrum of complications ranging from mechanical (catheter related) to metabolic. We have recently seen a previously unreported complication of total parenteral nutrition - three patients maintained on total parenteral nutrition, who did not receive vitamins and experienced the acute onset of life-threatening metabolic acidosis with pH values as low as 6.70. All responded promptly and completely to the administration of intravenous thiamine, and thus were probably examples of acute beriberi. Acute beriberi is a well-documented syndrome which usually occurs in nutritionally compromised individuals outside the hospital setting who lack thiamine in their diet. Without thiamine, glucose cannot enter the Krebs cycle in order to be completely oxidized for energy production and therefore, accumulates as lactic acid. This lactic acidosis is refractory to any treatment except thiamine and will result in cardiovascular collapse if the vitamin is not administered. PMID- 3921739 TI - Piggyback compatibility of antibiotics with pediatric parenteral nutrition solutions. AB - The compatibility of 28 parenteral antibiotics with a pediatric parenteral nutrition solution was tested using a piggyback injection technique. The parenteral nutrition solution, apparatus, and antibiotic doses simulated central venous administration to 5- and 30-kg patients. All antibiotics were injected into a running parenteral nutrition solution, distal to an in-line filter. After passing through a central venous catheter, immersed in a heated water bath, the effluent was collected, analyzed for pH, and visually inspected for precipitate formation. The effluent was not evaluated for the presence of microscopic precipitates. When given as piggyback injections, five of the 28 antibiotics increased the pH of the original parenteral nutrition solution. These were ampicillin, cefamandole, cephalothin, cephradine, and oxacillin. Two of these, ampicillin and cephradine, produced a heavy visible precipitate, found to consist of calcium and phosphorus. The injections of certain antibiotics promote the formation of an insoluble calcium phosphate precipitate. When calcium and phosphate are present in a parenteral nutrition solution, a flush procedure is recommended when injecting antibiotics which increase the pH of the original parenteral nutrition solution. PMID- 3921740 TI - An analytical approach to creation of parenteral feeding solutions: implementation on a microcomputer. AB - The creation of a parenteral feeding regimen can be described in mathematical terms by a system of algebraic equations. An example of such a system having clinical applicability is discussed in detail. Since the system is too cumbersome for use by hand or calculator, a microcomputer program incorporating the system was developed, and is also discussed. PMID- 3921741 TI - Plasma ammonia levels in preterm infants receiving parenteral nutrition with crystalline L-amino acids. PMID- 3921742 TI - [Effect of cefminox on severe infections accompanying hematological diseases]. AB - A new antibiotic cefminox (CMNX, MT-141) was administered to 54 patients with severe infections accompanying various hematological diseases. The rate of effectiveness was 55.3% on the whole. Mild liver dysfunction was observed in 3 cases, which recovered quickly following the stop of the administration. PMID- 3921743 TI - [Enteral hyperalimentation]. PMID- 3921744 TI - [Transplantation of the heart and lung]. PMID- 3921745 TI - [Long-term results of the pulmonary resection with and without combined antineoplastic agents for primary bronchogenic carcinoma]. PMID- 3921746 TI - Two-stage tumor promotion in mouse skin: an alternative interpretation. PMID- 3921747 TI - Inhibition of macrophage Ia antigen expression by shed plasma membrane vesicles from metastatic murine melanoma lines. AB - Shed plasma membrane-derived vesicles from metastatic variants of the murine B16 melanoma were examined for their ability to inhibit the induction of murine immune region-associated (Ia) antigen expression on macrophages, the initial step in the formation of an immune response. Membrane material that appears as a greater than 50 million-dalton fraction on column chromatography is found only in conditioned media from tumor cells and not in culture media from normal cells, such as murine 3T3 cells. Membrane vesicles from both metastatic variants B16-F1 (low lung colonizing) and B16-F10 (high lung colonizing) were taken up by macrophages; however, only membrane vesicles isolated from the B16-F10 cultures exhibited significant inhibitory activity for Ia induction. This inhibition appears to result from enhanced prostaglandin synthesis, since treatment with aspirin can reverse the membrane vesicle-induced inhibition. The inhibitory component(s) released into the media was demonstrated to be predominantly associated with membrane vesicles; however, the component(s) retained its activity after Triton X-100 treatment, indicating that the intact membrane vesicle was not necessary for the action of the inhibitory material. Treatments with heat (65 degrees C) and proteases (papain) indicated that the inhibitory component(s) is a heat-labile protein. PMID- 3921748 TI - Effectiveness of anticancer drugs determined in nude mice inoculated with [125I]5 iodo-2'-deoxyuridine-prelabeled human melanoma cells. AB - Anticancer drugs were tested on NIH-2 nude mice inoculated ip with BRO human melanoma cells, which are rapidly lethal for these hosts. Criteria for drug activity were a) increased host survival and b) an increased rate of radioactivity loss from mice bearing BRO cells prelabeled with [125I]5-iodo-2' deoxyuridine. Diphtheria toxin, which is selectively toxic to human cells compared to mouse cells, prolonged host survival and accelerated 125I elimination in a dose-dependent manner. Drugs that increased the rate of 125I loss compared to the rate of untreated mice also prolonged the lives of treated mice. With one exception, drugs that did not accelerate 125I elimination had little or no effect on the length of survival. PMID- 3921749 TI - [Current aspects in hepatitis serology]. PMID- 3921750 TI - [Greig syndrome]. PMID- 3921751 TI - [Diverticulosis of the small intestine]. PMID- 3921752 TI - [Changes in the volemic indices and vascular permeability as affected by parenteral feeding]. PMID- 3921753 TI - [Use of dimexide for the local treatment of surface burns]. PMID- 3921754 TI - [Regulation of physical activity during head-down tilt by action on the sympathetic-adrenal and hypophyseal-adrenal cortical systems]. PMID- 3921755 TI - Prospective prevention of neonatal hyperammonaemia in argininosuccinic acidura by arginine therapy. AB - Argininosuccinic aciduria, due to deficiency of argininosuccinic acid lyase, is generally associated with severe neonatal hyperammonaemia and its neurological sequelae. The cases of two siblings with this autosomal recessive disorder are presented. Both infants were preterm and delivered by Caesarean section for maternal pre-eclampsia. The first infant was not diagnosed until after the development of severe hyperammonaemia and, despite adequate treatment with haemodialysis and arginine infusion, remained comatose for a prolonged period. At 20 months she has profound developmental delays and intellectual impairment. The second infant, whose diagnosis was made antenatally by amniotic fluid analysis, was treated with arginine infusion beginning at 32 h of life and never developed hyperammonaemia. We conclude that early recognition and prompt institution of arginine therapy is an effective regimen for the prevention of neonatal hyperammonaemia in argininosuccinic aciduria. PMID- 3921756 TI - Cystinosis in the Federal Republic of Germany. Coordination and analysis of the data. AB - In our survey, 101 infants and children with cystinosis were registered in the Federal Republic of Germany. Ninety-five patients showed the infantile type of cystinosis, five the adolescent type and one possibly the adult type. The minimum incidence rate of infantile and adolescent cystinosis in the FRG was 1 patient per 179 000 live-births. In contrast to other countries, cystinotic patients were evenly distributed in the FRG. Patients with cystinosis originated more frequently from rural communities than from large cities. Before 1968 most patients died before reaching terminal renal failure, usually due to uncontrolled disturbances of water and electrolyte metabolism. Since 1976 the causes of death other than uraemia have been rare and most patients with terminal renal failure have entered a renal replacement program. PMID- 3921757 TI - An artifact in urinary amino acid analysis produced by tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (THAM). PMID- 3921758 TI - Gaucher disease (type 1): physical and kinetic properties of liposomal and soluble 'acid' beta-glucosidase. AB - 'Acid' beta-glucosidase of human spleen, from either normal controls or patients with type 1 (adult) Gaucher disease, was incorporated into phosphatidylcholine liposomes. The non-incorporated (soluble) Gaucher-enzyme had a higher apparent molecular weight than had the corresponding control. Liposomal 'acid' beta glucosidase prepared from Gaucher-spleen was more thermostable than was the corresponding normal enzyme; it was also stimulated by acidic lipids to a much lesser extent. The results suggest that the genetic mutation in type 1 (adult) Gaucher disease has multiple effects on the glycoprotein form of 'acid' beta glucosidase. PMID- 3921759 TI - Comparative pathology of the canine model of glycogen storage disease type II (Pompe's disease). AB - The pathology of canine glycogen storage disease type II (acid alpha-glucosidase deficiency, GSD II) was studied in three genetically related Lapland dogs and compared to the pathology of human GSD II (McKusick 23230). Canine GSD II closely parallels the infantile form of the human disease, except for the presence of oesophageal dilatation. Generalized glycogen storage particularly affected muscular tissues (skeletal, oesophageal, cardiac and smooth muscle). The altered cells showed glycogen accumulation in the cytosol and in autophagic membrane bound vacuoles (glycogenosomes). They also showed increased acid phosphatase activity consistent with the lysosomal nature of this storage disorder. The cytopathology in canine and human GSD II appears to evolve from segregation of glycogen during regular cellular autophagy, phagolysosomal accumulation of the undigested glycogen, and eventually rupture of distended glycogenosomes. This study indicates that the usefulness of canine GSD II as an animal model of human disease, extends to the area of pathogenesis. PMID- 3921760 TI - Disturbed very long chain (C24-C26) fatty acid pattern in fibroblasts of patients with Zellweger's syndrome. AB - The very long chain fatty acids in cultured fibroblasts from six patients with the cerebro-hepato-renal syndrome of Zellweger, from six of their parents, from three controls, and also in three amniotic fluid control cell lines were analysed by gas chromatography. Increased concentrations of hexacosanoic acid (C26:O) were consistently found in the Zellweger syndrome. Also the ratios C26:O/C22:O, C25:O/C22:O, and C24:O/C22:O were elevated. The very long chain fatty acid levels and ratios in fibroblasts from the patients' parents were within the normal range. Findings in amniotic fluid cell lines indicate the possibility of antenatal diagnosis for Zellweger's syndrome. The similarities between neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy and Zellweger's syndrome suggest the applicability of this technique also in neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy. PMID- 3921761 TI - Clinical diagnosis of a new case of ceramidase deficiency (Farber's disease). PMID- 3921762 TI - Plasma lipids and lipoproteins of a patient with cholesteryl ester storage disease. AB - The plasma lipids, lipoproteins and lipolytic enzymes of a patient suffering from cholesterol ester storage disease were investigated and followed over a time period of 3 years. The patient was hypertriglyceridaemic and cholesterolaemic and exhibited very low levels of high density lipoproteins. These lipoproteins consisted almost exclusively of the HDL-subfraction-3. Apolipoprotein-B was elevated and apoAI and AII were grossly reduced. The activity of lipoprotein lipase was normal, but hepatic lipase values were increased. Lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase was in the upper normal range. The corresponding lipoprotein and enzyme values of one brother were within normal limits but some components measured in the plasma of the father were abnormal. It is speculated that the low plasma HDL levels in this disease may be a consequence of increased hepatic lipase activity in addition to a derangement in the reverse cholesterol flow. PMID- 3921763 TI - Determination of physostigmine in plasma and brain by HPLC. AB - A specific, reliable, and accurate high performance liquid chromatographic method is described for the determination of physostigmine in plasma and brain using carbaryl as an internal standard. Plasma and brain containing physostigmine were first precipitated with TCA, and then carbaryl was added. This was followed by chloroform extraction and then evaporation. The residue was reconstituted in the mobile phase. Physostigmine, its hydrolyzed product eseroline, and carbaryl were separated on a reversed-phase column eluted with mobile phase containing octanesulfonic acid with phosphate buffer in a methanol and water solution. The eluted compounds were detected at 245 nm, and physostigmine was quantified from the ratio of the area of physostigmine to carbaryl peaks. The chromatography was complete within 15 min. The dynamic range of quantitation of physostigmine was 0.05 micrograms to 0.5 micrograms/mL plasma or per gram of brain. Analytical recoveries varied from 95 to 107% over this range. Coefficient of variation ranged from 1.7 to 9.5%. This method was applied to study plasma and brain concentration in rats after 650 micrograms/kg intramuscular administration of physostigmine. The ratio of brain to plasma was found to be 0.48 and 1.97 at 15 and 30 min, respectively. PMID- 3921764 TI - The stability of human blood lead in storage. AB - Whole blood specimens from 12 occupationally exposed workers were stored for 10 weeks either in heparin or EDTA at 22 degrees, 4 degrees, and -20 degrees C for the study of the stability of lead in storage. The lead concentrations of these specimens ranged from 226 to 616 micrograms/L. Polypropylene and vacutainer tubes were used for storage. A Zeeman Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer was used to determine the lead concentration. No loss of lead was found on the 12 specimens stored with heparin or EDTA at three different temperatures in all containers over the 10-week period. The variation of the lead concentration is comparable to the average precision of two quality control specimens, Tox-EL 1 and Tox-EL 2, of 7.4% and 6.1%. The use of the original vacutainer tubes with either heparin or EDTA and refrigerated temperature (4 degrees C) for the storage of human whole blood specimens for routine lead determination is recommended. PMID- 3921765 TI - Bacterial synergism between the enterococcus and Escherichia coli. AB - The pathogenicity of the enterococcus in surgical infections remains unclear. To examine this issue, rats received an intravascular infusion of 10(9) enterococcus. No rats died. Rats that received a sublethal inoculum of Escherichia coli with 5 X 10(8) enterococcus had a 40% mortality (P less than 0.05). Cutaneous infections in rabbits with E. coli, Bacteroides fragilis, and enterococcus were examined singly and in combination. Infections with E. coli measured 21 +/- 1 mm, with enterococcus were 15 +/- 1 mm, and with B. fragilis were 9 +/- 1 mm in diameter. When E. coli and enterococcus were combined together, significantly larger cutaneous infections were noted (P less than 0.05). No apparent synergism existed between the enterococcus and B. fragilis. These data indicate a synergistic relationship between the enterococcus and E. coli. PMID- 3921766 TI - A quantitative evaluation of stress associated with indwelling superior vena cava cannulae in rats. AB - "Nonrestraining" superior vena cava (SVC) cannulae are commonly used in rat metabolic studies. The objective of this study was to evaluate the level of stress and metabolic alterations associated with surgical placement and subsequent maintenance and use of an indwelling intravenous cannula as measured by resting energy expenditure (REE), respiratory quotient (RQ), urinary nitrogen excretion, and substrate utilization pattern. Nine rats underwent SVC cannulation and six rats underwent sham operation. Postoperatively, animals were starved for 48 hr and then refed either parenterally or orally for 48 hr. Sham-operated animals adapted appropriately to starvation within 24 hr by decreasing REE 14% and increasing utilization of fat (RQ:0.89----0.78). Hypometabolic adaptation to starvation was delayed in cannulated animals until the second postoperative day, but appropriate alterations in energy substrate utilization were not affected by the presence of cannulae. Cannulae did not affect the metabolic response to oral refeeding with similar increases in REE and similar patterns of substrate utilization in sham-operated and cannulated animals. Animals refed parenterally demonstrated higher REE and apparent fat deposition (RQ greater than 1) consistent with continuous hypercaloric glucose administration. Urinary nitrogen excretion was not affected by the presence of cannulae. Cannula-associated metabolic alterations are minimal and transient and do not preclude detection and quantification of alterations associated with composition or utilization of exogenous substrates. PMID- 3921767 TI - Relationship between progesterone receptor binding and progestin biological activity. AB - The binding affinities of a series of steroidal compounds for the hamster uterine progesterone receptor were determined using two sets of incubation conditions. These competitive binding conditions were designed to deduce the relative rates of ligand dissociation from the progesterone receptor. The progestin activity of these compounds was also determined in a bioassay employing the measurement of diamine oxidase in the traumatized hamster uterus. Steroids could be classified into two categories based on either an increase or decrease in relative binding affinity (RBA) with increasing time of competitive incubation. The mean (+/- SEM) progestin biopotency for the compounds having an increase in RBA was 120 +/- 18 (progesterone = 100), while the biopotency for compounds having a decrease in RBA was only 44 +/- 17. This difference was significant (P less than 0.01). Linear regression analyses revealed significant correlations between the RBAs and progestin biopotencies. Compounds showing a decrease in RBA with increasing time of incubation did not have antiprogestin activity. Kinetic studies of this type should be useful for selecting compounds with potent agonistic activity, but cannot unequivocally predict antihormonal activity. PMID- 3921768 TI - Specificity and structural relationships of steroids which affect phospholipase/prostaglandin synthetase, in vivo: a possible relation to blood pressure. AB - Fifty-two steroids, structurally related to spironolactone, were tested for their ability to alter excretion of urinary prostaglandin-E metabolites (U-PGE-M). We found that steroids which are associated with elevation or depression of blood pressure will elevate or depress basal levels of U-PGE-M in the rat. Structural requirements for elevation or depression of metabolites are narrow and sensitive to slight conformational changes in either the C-17 side chain or the steroid nucleus. Metabolite-elevating steroids share a common basic conformation, and metabolite-depressing steroids share a different common basic conformation. These two basic conformations differ chiefly in the C-17 side chain. The conformational requirements are analogous to the specificity shown by hormone receptors or by enzymes. A strong association of urine volume with U-PGE-M (r = -0.93) was demonstrated in rats treated with spironolactone. A possible explanation relating these results to alteration of blood pressure was presented. PMID- 3921769 TI - Effect of serum and 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate on FSH-stimulated conversion of 4-androstene-3,17-dione to oestrogens in cell and organ cultures of suckling mouse ovaries. AB - The effect of serum and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) on the FSH stimulated oestrogen production was studied in both cell and organ cultures. Ovaries were removed from (WB X C57BL/6)F1 mice at 9-days of age, and the conversion of 4-androstene-3,17 -dione to oestrogens was stimulated by the addition of FSH in vitro. Either 10% serum (fetal calf, mouse, rat and horse) or 0.1 microM TPA markedly inhibited the FSH-stimulated oestrogen production by dispersed and cultured ovarian cells. In contrast, neither serum nor TPA influenced the oestrogen production in the organ culture. This suggests that the presence of tissue architecture may prevent the inhibitory effect of serum and TPA on the FSH-stimulated oestrogen production. PMID- 3921770 TI - Economic evaluation of occupation-based programs: conflicting criteria and the case for government subsidy. AB - Differences in the economic criteria for evaluating the efficiency of occupation based intervention programs vs public (nonprofit) rehabilitation programs are highlighted and the consequences of these differences are discussed. It is shown that if the development of such programs is determined strictly by the employer's criteria, they will not produce the full benefits for society that they are capable of. The incentive therefore exists for government to encourage the development and proliferation of quality programs. It is proposed that this can be accomplished by altering the employer's incentives (through subsidies or tax credits), thus making the private and public economic criteria for program evaluation more consistent. PMID- 3921771 TI - Technical developments and instrumentation: percutaneous transhepatic feeding jejunostomy. AB - A new access route for insertion of a feeding jejunostomy using a percutaneous transhepatic approach is described in a case with advanced antral cancer. Standard PTC techniques and angiographic catheters were used. PMID- 3921772 TI - Procurement for combined heart-lung transplantation. Bilateral thoracotomy with sternal transection, cardiopulmonary bypass, and profound hypothermia. AB - A bilateral thoracotomy with cardiopulmonary bypass and profound hypothermia has become our preferred method of procurement of organs for combined heart-lung transplantation and has replaced the sternotomy without cardiopulmonary bypass as initially used. This technique has provided good exposure and has facilitated dissection and hemostasis of the posterior aspect of the middle mediastinum. PMID- 3921773 TI - Heart-lung transplantation. PMID- 3921774 TI - Operative technique for cardiopulmonary transplantation. PMID- 3921775 TI - A technique for microiontophoretic study of single neurones in the behaving monkey. AB - A technique is described for the construction and use of iontophoretic electrodes suitable for extracellular single-unit work in awake behaving monkeys. The technique combines a multi-barrelled pipette for iontophoresis and an insulated tungsten electrode that is employed routinely for chronic single-unit recordings. The pipette consists of up to 11 double filamented glass barrels concentrically arranged around a large diameter glass tube. The recording electrode is extruded through the central tube under microscopic control and glued in place. This technique allows separate optimization of the shape of the recording electrode for recording in the behaving monkey, and of the iontophoretic tips. An adapted micropositioner is used to accommodate the electrode's unusual length, required in order to allow access to deep brain structures and so that a guide tube can protect the trans-dural passage of the electrode tip. PMID- 3921776 TI - Oxidant injury of the extracellular matrix: potential role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary emphysema. PMID- 3921777 TI - The application of muscle endurance training techniques to the respiratory muscles in COPD. PMID- 3921778 TI - Oxidant lung injury: intervention with sulfhydryl reagents. PMID- 3921779 TI - [Bimalleolar fractures. Results of surgical treatment]. PMID- 3921780 TI - Fulminant hepatitis: Mayo Clinic experience with 34 cases. AB - From 1974 through 1982, fulminant hepatitis was diagnosed in 34 patients at our institution. Of these patients, only two survived (survival rate, 6%). This syndrome was caused by viruses (B and non-B hepatitis and herpes simplex) in 23 patients, hepatotoxic drug in 6, Wilson's disease (hepatolenticular degeneration) in 3, and industrial poisons in 2. Most of the patients died within 10 days after the onset of encephalopathy. The poor prognosis in our group of patients was probably related to the preponderance of older patients and cases caused by non-B hepatitis virus. In our patients, the clinical course was complicated by renal failure, ascites, bleeding, sepsis, pancreatitis, and seizures. The major cause of death was hepatic failure. PMID- 3921781 TI - Fulminant hepatitis: room for improvement. PMID- 3921782 TI - Case-mix and cost differences between teaching and nonteaching hospitals. AB - The case loads of 11 teaching and 20 nonteaching hospitals are compared, using the original 383 diagnosis-related groups (DRGs) to analyze the extent to which case-mix differences contribute to differences in average cost per case. Case-mix differences are concentrated in a small proportion of DRGs. Teaching hospitals have relatively more surgery cases and neoplasms, and nonteaching hospitals have more cases with heart conditions and infectious diseases. Most nonteaching hospitals have a similar case mix, but among the teaching hospitals, there are two distinct case-mix types, one with which only teaching hospitals are correlated, one that correlates with both teaching and nonteaching hospitals. The average cost per case is more than 60% more expensive in teaching hospitals. Only approximately one quarter of this higher cost is accounted for by case-mix differences. The rest results from the fact that patients in the same DRGs cost more, on average, in teaching than in nonteaching hospitals. PMID- 3921783 TI - Case-mix and resource use in long-term care. AB - This study developed a case-mix patient classification system for long-term care. Patient assessment and resource consumption data, collected for 1.151 patients within 23 hospital-based and freestanding long-term care facilities in California, were used to develop a patient classification system made up of 13 homogeneous patient groups. The 13 groups, formed on the basis of nine patient assessment variables, explained 68.5% of the overall variance in resource use. The relatively high variance reduction achieved in the creation of a limited number of groups demonstrates the feasibility of developing measures of case mix based on patient resource use for long-term care. Case-mix classification may provide a useful tool for long-term care reimbursement reform. PMID- 3921784 TI - [The thyroid and amiodarone (II). Thyroid dysfunction in patients undergoing prolonged treatment with amiodarone]. PMID- 3921785 TI - [Serum IgA-lambda monoclonal gammopathy in a patient with immunoblastic sarcoma with IgM-kappa cell surface immunoglobulin]. PMID- 3921786 TI - [Pulmonary tuberculosis with negative sputum smear. Approaches and perspectives]. PMID- 3921787 TI - [Obstruction of the superior and inferior vena cava by a foreign body]. PMID- 3921788 TI - [Oxygen supply of the human small intestine in mechanical ileus]. AB - In 16 patients operated on for mechanically caused ileus and in 12 control patients (cholecystectomy) local PO2 of the small bower wall was determined by means of a multiwire Pt surface electrode constructed by Kessler and Lubbers. The ileus patients showed an increased pulse rate of 110 (90-115) vs 90 (80-110) beats/min and creatinine levels of 1.06 (0.79-1.45) vs 0.80 (0.70-0.88) mg%. (mean, 1.-3. quartile, P less than 0.05). Local PO2 values of the serosal site of the small bowel were significantly reduced in patients with ileus compared to the control group [22.5 (12.5-35) vvs 61.2 (53.0-71.0) torr.] Hypoxia of the bower in mechanically caused ileus could be demonstrated by local PO2 determination and underlines the demand of early decompression. PMID- 3921789 TI - [Vitamin C in a long-term trial is without effect on experimental carcinogenesis]. AB - This long-term study deals with the effect of ascorbic acid on chemically induced carcinogenesis of the small intestine in rats. Carcinoma was induced in 27 animals by application of N-Ethyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (ENNG) alone in the drinking water (120 mg/1). The average survival time was 238 ( 40) days. The addition of large amounts of ascorbic acid to the food (3 g/100 g food) did not suppress the development of tumors. On the contrary, a significant reduction in the survival time was seen. All animals receiving ENNG and ascorbic acid only lived 207 ( 45) days on average. Neither histological type of tumor spread was influenced by the use of ascorbic acid. Giving ascorbic acid alone had no effect on the survival time and did not lead to changes in the tissue of the small intestine. PMID- 3921790 TI - Dopamine and norepinephrine in the alimentary tract changes after chemical sympathectomy and surgical vagotomy. AB - The aim of this study was to examine the distribution of dopamine and norepinephrine in the proximal alimentary tract of the rat and to assess the contributions of sympathetic and vagal fibers to the tissue concentrations of both catecholamines. Tissues were extracted in perchloric acid and the catecholamines were separated by high pressure liquid chromatography and detected electrochemically. In untreated rats (controls) both catecholamines were concentrated in the gastric muscle but norepinephrine levels were 6-8 times higher (corpus, dopamine 35 +/- 7 ng . g-1, norepinephrine 265 +/- 50 ng . g-1, mean +/- SE, n = 6). In the mucosa norepinephrine concentrations were 10-12 times higher (corpus, dopamine 12 +/- 3 ng . g-1, norepinephrine 140 +/- 26 ng . g-1). Chemical sympathectomy (6 hydroxydopamine, 100 mg . kg-1 ip 3 days) significantly reduced dopamine concentrations in muscle and norepinephrine in muscle, mucosa, pylorus and duodenum. In all tissues the effects on norepinephrine were greater. Surgical vagotomy significantly reduced dopamine concentrations in the gastric muscle, but not the mucosa. Norepinephrine concentrations in the stomach of vagotomized rats were significantly reduced only in the pylorus. Differences in the relative concentrations of dopamine and norepinephrine in gastric tissues of the normal rat and differences in the effects of sympathectomy and vagotomy suggest that dopamine and norepinephrine exist, to an extent, in separate populations of cells and that dopamine is not merely a precursor of norepinephrine. Gastric mucosal dopamine, which was mainly unaffected by either treatment, may exist in APUD cells. PMID- 3921791 TI - A single therapeutic dose of valproate affects liver carbohydrate, fat, adenylate, amino acid, coenzyme A, and carnitine metabolism in infant mice: possible clinical significance. AB - We have previously reported that chronic valproate administration reduced ketonemia in suckling mice and fasting epileptic children. The present study demonstrates that even a single dose of valproate in the therapeutic range for man caused a prolonged reduction of plasma beta-hydroxybutyrate levels in normal infant mice; the plasma glucose concentration was also significantly lowered. In the livers of these animals, there were extraordinary decreases in levels of free coenzyme A, acetyl CoA and free carnitine. Concomitantly concentrations of acid soluble fatty acid (short-chain, non-acetyl) coenzyme A esters and of acid insoluble (long-chain) fatty acid carnitine esters increased. There was evidence for inhibition of the metabolic flux through the Krebs citric acid cycle at those enzyme reactions which require coenzyme A. While valproate doubled liver alanine levels, concentrations of liver aspartate, glutamate and glutamine were reduced. All of the valproate-induced metabolite changes can be explained by the decrease of coenzyme A due to the accumulation of acid-soluble (non-acetyl) coenzyme A esters (presumably valproyl CoA and further metabolites). Decreased coenzyme A would limit the activities of one or more enzymes in the pathway of fatty acid oxidation and the Krebs citric acid cycle. Secondary decreases in acetyl CoA would limit both ketogenesis and gluconeogenesis. Decreased levels of selected hepatic amino acids could reflect their use as alternative fuels. The effect of clinical doses of valproate in infant mice may relate to the valproate-associated syndrome of hepatic failure and Reye-like encephalopathy in some infants and children and suggest a simple screen for those who may be at particular risk. PMID- 3921792 TI - Fatty acid metabolism and cell proliferation. VII. Antioxidant effects of tocopherols and their quinones. AB - The antioxidant capacities of alpha- and gamma-tocopherols (alpha-E and gamma-E) and their quinones (alpha-EQ and gamma-EQ) were determined in non-biological and biological systems. The non-biological system consisted of arachidonic acid [20:4 (n-6)], the oxidant cumene hydroperoxide, and a Fe3+ catalyst to facilitate malondialdehyde (MDA) formation from lipid peroxides. alpha-E and gamma-E had similar antioxidant capacities in this system. alpha-EQ also functioned as an antioxidant, while gamma-EQ exhibited a crossover effect by functioning as an antioxidant at low concentrations and a prooxidant at high concentrations. Biological lipid peroxidation in smooth muscle cells challenged with 20:4 (n-6) was measured both by MDA formation in confluent cultures and by cell growth in proliferating cultures. alpha-E, gamma-E and alpha-EQ had similar antioxidant capacities, but gamma-EQ was highly cytotoxic for cells in both confluent and proliferating cultures. Cellular retention of antioxidants was estimated indirectly from MDA formation when cells were loaded with an antioxidant (preincubation) and then incubated for varying periods of time in fresh media containing 20:4 (n-6). Cellular retention also was measured directly with tritiated alpha-E and tritiated alpha-EQ. These studies showed that cellular retention decreased in the sequence gamma-E greater than alpha-E greater than alpha-EQ. Thus, cellular retention does not explain the enhanced antioxidant capacity of alpha-E compared to gamma-E that has been reported for animal systems. The antioxidant capacity of alpha-E evidently is enhanced by its metabolism to a quinone which, unlike the quinone from gamma-E, functions as a biological antioxidant. PMID- 3921793 TI - Building bridges between practice and health policy. PMID- 3921794 TI - Pregnancy-related disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). PMID- 3921795 TI - A standard for assessing lochia volume. PMID- 3921796 TI - Minimizing the impact of hospitalization for children and their families. PMID- 3921797 TI - Infant massage and exercise: worth the effort? PMID- 3921798 TI - Heparin. PMID- 3921799 TI - Primary prevention of child abuse. PMID- 3921800 TI - Retention of research sample. MCN keys to research. PMID- 3921801 TI - Immediate and prolonged effects of dihydroergocryptine after experimental vascular microsurgery. AB - An animal model of limb replantation has been utilized in order to evaluate the effects of dihydroergocryptine (DHEC, 0.1 mg/kg I.V.) on arterial and peripheral tissular blood flows after reperfusion. DHEC is a partial agonist of adrenergic receptors and is therefore liable to exert an action on arteriovenous shunts that remain abnormally opened after ischaemia. DHEC showed important efficacy in this model, increasing, in low doses, blood flow in sutured artery and peripheral tissue. PMID- 3921802 TI - The Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome. Report of three cases and review of pathophysiology and management considerations. AB - Three Puerto Rican siblings with the Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome are described, and the literature on this syndrome is reviewed with regard to clinical factors, pathology, pathophysiology, and management of the disorder. The three patients all manifested oculocutaneous albinism and platelet storage pool disease with a moderate bleeding tendency. The oldest sibling died from restrictive lung disease and another has evidence of reduced functional residual capacity, although he is asymptomatic. None of the patients had evidence of inflammatory bowel disease, which has been reported in some cases. All of the patients had an increased incidence of bacterial infections, and they were anergic. Whether their immunological defect(s) is related to the Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome is not known. Two of the patients were treated with oral vitamin E. Bleeding symptoms in both were markedly reduced, although major changes in platelet aggregation were not seen. Vitamin E therapy did not appear to affect the progression of lung disease in the patient with fatal restrictive lung disease. PMID- 3921804 TI - Development of monoclonal antibodies against parathyroid hormone: genetic control of the immune response to human PTH. PMID- 3921803 TI - Purification of Ns and Ni, the coupling proteins of hormone-sensitive adenylyl cyclases without intervention of activating regulatory ligands. PMID- 3921806 TI - Cost-effectiveness and proper use of NMR debated in Michigan. PMID- 3921805 TI - Disassembly and assembly of glycoprotein hormones. PMID- 3921807 TI - Changes and challenges in diagnostic imaging. PMID- 3921808 TI - Here's what the American Hospital Association foresees for NMR. PMID- 3921809 TI - Properties and origin of filamentous appendages on spores of Bacillus cereus. AB - Some physical, chemical, and immunological properties of filamentous appendages and the exosporium on the spores of Bacillus cereus were examined for the purpose of elucidating the origin of filamentous appendages. The main components of both filamentous appendages and the exosporium were protein and their amino acid compositions were similar in point of a high content of glycine, alanine, threonine, valine, and acidic amino acids and a low content of basic and sulphur containing amino acids. Treatment with 1 N NaOH at 50 C solubilized the isolated appendages completely and the isolated exosporia partially. In both preparations the solubilized proteins consisted of highly acidic monomeric subunits with molecular weights between 2,000 and 5,000. Treatment of the spores with 2% 2 mercaptoethanol at 37 C resulted in the isolation of long filamentous appendages without segmentation. When the spores were treated with 10% 2-mercaptoethanol, there was partial destruction of the exosporium as well as detachment of the filamentous appendages. There was a common antigenic component in the exosporium and the tips of the filamentous appendages. Five strains of B. cereus having a common appendage antigen also had a common exosporium antigen, whereas six other strains had neither a common appendage antigen nor a common exosporium antigen. From these facts it was concluded that the filamentous appendages arose from the exosporium. PMID- 3921810 TI - Endocrine factors in haematological changes seen in dogs and ferrets given oestrogens. AB - High doses of oestrogens in the dog and ferret cause myeloid hyperplasia in the bone marrow superseded by hypoplasia affecting all cell lines. In the peripheral blood after an initial leucocytosis, there is thrombocytopenia, anaemia and leucopenia. These effects, which are ultimately lethal, do not occur in cats, rats and monkeys, and their cause is unknown. It is speculated that they may be due to endocrine derangements possibly affecting the pituitary-adrenal axis and that species differences in oestrogen toxicity may be due to species differences in endocrinology. PMID- 3921811 TI - A possible explanation of the effects of dietary lactose concentration during recovery of protein depletion in growing rats. AB - It is generally accepted that lactose intolerance is a cause of delayed recovery from malnutrition. To discriminate the true importance of this factor, the effect of dietary lactose concentration on "catch up" growth was studied on rats fed a protein free diet from weaning to 34 days of age and then refed "ad libitum" with diets providing different levels of Protein Calories (P%: 5, 11, 17 and 25%) and Lactose (L%: 0, 1, 15, 27 and 37%) for 4 days. Weight changes, daily dietary intakes and gastrointestinal disorders (GID) were recorded. The growth rate (GR) g/100g rat/day- showed a direct correlation with P% whereas a decrease in (GR) as well as in Protein Utilization (PU) was associated with increasing L%, the higher the P%, the greater the effect of L%. The observed effect of lactose on (PU) does not correlate with (GID). Analysis of intake data -expressed as calories/day/W0.73- showed that animals ate less diet when lactose was present resulting in energy restriction (ER) from 12 to 62%. A primary effect of food intake might be proposed as a limiting factor for (GR) and (PU) in rats recovering from depletion. The influence of P% on improved lactose tolerance must also be stressed. PMID- 3921812 TI - Problems of health care in Canada. PMID- 3921813 TI - Chelation treatment of atherosclerosis. AB - Edetate disodium (EDTA) is a chelating agent which has no place in the treatment of atherosclerosis and its complications. Also, its toxic effects can cause other problems which may lead to a fatal outcome. Proper investigation and treatment may sometimes be delayed by a patient's faith in such therapy. The dangers of chelation therapy, and the opinion of the Commonwealth Department of Health and other writers on this subject, are stated. PMID- 3921814 TI - Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy. PMID- 3921815 TI - [Salivary IgA in diabetes mellitus patients]. PMID- 3921816 TI - Absence seizures and variants. AB - Absence seizures include classic absence, impulsive petit mal, juvenile absence seizures with myoclonic phenomena, and atonic-astatic seizures. Proper diagnosis requires careful historical elucidation of the actual seizure events, family history of seizures, and of other neurologic abnormalities. Electroencephalographic studies must include proper activation techniques. Treatment is initiated with antiepileptic drugs likely to be effective against generalized discharges: ethosuximide and valproate. PMID- 3921818 TI - Update: acquired immunodeficiency syndrome--United States. PMID- 3921817 TI - The inherited ataxias. AB - Diagnosis and classification of the inherited ataxias are reviewed with emphasis on recognizing treatable disorders. Even when basic defects are untreatable, many complications of the degenerative process are amenable to therapy. PMID- 3921819 TI - Cancer patient survival by racial/ethnic group--United States, 1973-1979. PMID- 3921820 TI - Meningococcal vaccines. PMID- 3921821 TI - Prevention and control of influenza. PMID- 3921822 TI - Teenage pregnancy and fertility trends--United States, 1974, 1980. PMID- 3921823 TI - Cloning and sequencing of a c-myc oncogene in a Burkitt's lymphoma cell line that is translocated to a germ line alpha switch region. AB - We have cloned and sequenced the translocated c-myc gene from the Burkitt's lymphoma CA46 cell line that carries a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 8 and 14. The breakpoint lies within the first intron of c-myc, so that the first noncoding exon of the gene remains on the 8q- chromosome. The second and third coding exons are translocated to the 14q+ chromosome into the switch region of C-alpha 1. The orientation of the c-myc gene with relationship to alpha 1 is 5' to 5', with directions of transcription in opposite orientation. DNA sequencing studies predict five changes in the amino acid sequence of the myc protein, two of which occur in a region within the second exon which is highly conserved in evolution. Southern blotting data indicate that the first exon of c myc is rearranged 3' to 3' with the pseudo-epsilon gene. Because CA46 cells contain two rearranged mu genes, the translocation must have occurred after immunoglobulin rearrangement. The position of the breakpoint in CA46 occurs within a 20-base-pair region of the first intron of c-myc to which breakpoints have been mapped for two additional B-cell lymphomas with the t(8;14) translocation, ST486 and the Manca cell line. The region of the heavy chain locus to which c-myc has translocated is different in each case. Comparisons have been made of the levels of transcripts of the translocated c-myc gene in ST486 and CA46, where the gene is not associated with the heavy chain enhancer, with its expression in the Manca cell, in which it is. The c-myc gene is transcribed at similar levels in all three cases. PMID- 3921824 TI - Cells transformed with a ts viral src mutant are temperature sensitive for in vivo growth. AB - Studies on ts mutants of avian sarcoma viruses have previously implicated the src gene product (pp60src) kinase function in in vitro transformation. The role of src in vivo, however, has not been clearly defined. Using a sensitive and quantitative assay that was developed in chicken embryos (Chambers et al., Cancer Res. 42:4018-4025, 1982), we tested the in vivo tumorigenic properties of cells transformed with LA23, an avian sarcoma virus that is temperature sensitive for in vitro transformation. We found that the in vivo growth ability of these cells was temperature sensitive and that this in vivo behavior correlated with the in vitro transformation behavior (growth in soft agar and saturation density). PMID- 3921825 TI - Mutations preventing expression of sup3 tRNASer nonsense suppressors of Schizosaccharomyces pombe. AB - Suppression of nonsense codons in Schizosaccharomyces pombe by sup3-e tRNASerUGA or sup3-i tRNASerUAA is reduced or abolished by mutations within the suppressor locus. Twenty-five suppressor-inactive sup3-e genes and thirteen mutant sup3-i genes were isolated from S. pombe genomic clone banks by colony hybridization. Sequence analysis of these revertant alleles corroborates genetic evidence for mutational hotspots within the sup3 tRNA gene. Fifteen types of point mutations or insertions were found. Many of these replace bases which are highly or completely conserved in eucaryotic tRNA genes. Transcription of the altered sup3 genes in a Saccharomyces cerevisiae extract enabled the identification of mutations which affect the rate of 5'-end maturation or splicing of the tRNA precursors or both. A total of seven mutations were found which alter transcriptional efficiencies. Of these, five are located outside the internal transcription control regions. PMID- 3921827 TI - Characterization and developmental expression of a Drosophila ras oncogene. AB - We cloned a Drosophila melanogaster ras gene (Dmras64B) on the basis of its homology to the ras oncogen from Harvey murine sarcoma virus. This gene mapped at chromosomal position 64B on the left arm of the third chromosome. Sequencing of Dmras64B revealed extensive amino acid homology with the proteins encoded by the human and Saccharomyces cerevisiae ras genes. The coding region of the Drosophila gene is interrupted by two introns located in different positions with respect to its human counterpart. Dmras64B encodes three different RNAs (1.6, 2.1, and 2.6 kilobases long) that are constantly expressed throughout the development of the fly. PMID- 3921826 TI - Independent immunoglobulin class-switch events occurring in a single myeloma cell line. AB - Five gamma 2a-producing cell lines, all derived from the gamma 2b-producing mouse myeloma MPC11, were analyzed for changes in gene structure. Also examined was a cell line (ICR9.7.1) that acts as an intermediate to some of these class switches. All six of the MPC11 variants have undergone DNA rearrangement. Rearrangement sites in the gamma 2a-producing cells are different in each case and generally do not involve tandem repeat sequences. An enhancer for heavy chain gene transcription was deleted in at least one of these cell lines as a result of its class-switch rearrangement. DNA sequence analysis of cloned genes from two of the MPC11 variants revealed shared sequences at their rearrangement breakpoints. The same sequences are found at the breakpoints of two additional immunoglobulin gene rearrangements in MPC11. PMID- 3921828 TI - Prostate cancer: clinical trials of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone analogs as an alternative to orchiectomy. PMID- 3921829 TI - Studies on mutagen-sensitive strains of Drosophila melanogaster. IV. Modification of genetic damage induced by X-irradiation of spermatozoa and spermatids in N2 or O2 by mei-9a, mei-41D5 and mus(1)101D1. AB - The influence of defects in DNA repair processes on X-ray-induced genetic damage in post-meiotic male germ cell stages of Drosophila melanogaster was studied using the 'maternal effects approach'. Basc males were irradiated in N2, air or O2 either as 48-h-old pupae (to sample spermatids) or as 3-4-day-old adults (to sample mature spermatozoa) and mated to females of 3 repair-deficient strains (mei-9a: excision-repair-deficient; mei-41D5: post-replication-repair-deficient; mus(1)101D1: post-replication-repair-deficient and impaired in DNA synthesis). Simultaneous controls involving mating of males to repair-proficient females (mei+) were run. The frequencies of sex-linked recessive lethals and of autosomal translocations were determined following standard genetic procedures. The responses elicited in the different crosses with repair-deficient females were compared with those in mei+ crosses. The main findings are the following: with mei-9 females, the frequencies of recessive lethals are higher after irradiation of spermatids in N2, but not after irradiation in air of O2 (relative to those in the mei+ crosses); this result is different from that obtained in earlier work with spermatozoa, in which cell stage, higher yields of recessive lethals were obtained after irradiation of males in either N2 or air; in the mei-9 crosses, there are no significant differences in response (relative to mei+) after irradiation of either spermatozoa or spermatids in O2; the translocation frequencies in the mei-9 crosses are similar to those in the mei+ crosses, irrespective of the treated germ cell stage or the irradiation atmosphere; irradiation of either spermatozoa or spermatids in N2, air or O2 does not result in any differential recovery of recessive lethals in the mei-41 relative to mei+ crosses; irradiation of spermatids in N2 and of spermatozoa in air leads to a higher recovery of translocations in the mei-41 crosses; and after irradiation of spermatids or spermatozoa in any of the gaseous atmospheres, the frequencies of recessive lethals and of translocations are lower in the mus-101 crosses. The differences in responses (between cell stages, in different gaseous atmospheres and with different repair-deficient females) are explained on the basis of both qualitative and quantitative differences in the composition of the initial lesions and the extent to which their repair may be affected by the defects present in the different repair-deficient females. Several discrepancies between expectations based on biochemical results and the genetic results are pointed out.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3921830 TI - Studies on mutagen-sensitive strains of Drosophila melanogaster. V. Biochemical characterization of a strain (ebony) that is UV- and X-ray sensitive and deficient in photorepair. AB - We investigated larval sensitivity to UV and repair of UV- and X-ray-induced lesions in the DNA of the ebony strain compared to a wild-type strain (Canton S). The ebony strain was previously characterized as being more sensitive to UV induced killing of embryos than Canton S. Also the ebony strain is more sensitive to X-rays for induction of larval killing, dominant lethals and recessive lethals. In this paper it is demonstrated that (1) ebony larvae are more sensitive to killing by UV and less proficient in photoreactivation (PR) ability than Canton S larvae; (2) the ebony strain has a defect in PR repair of endonuclease-sensitive sites induced in the DNA of primary cell cultures by UV irradiation; (3) the ebony strain has a defect in the repair of single-strand breaks induced in the DNA by X-rays (again in primary cell cultures), at least early on in the repair incubation. A rough localization of the UV sensitivity and the PR ability is presented and the possible relevance of the biochemical to the genetic results is discussed. PMID- 3921831 TI - Studies on mutagen-sensitive strains of Drosophila melanogaster. VI. The effect of DNA-repair deficiencies in spermatids, spermatocytes and spermatogonia irradiated in N2 or O2. AB - This study was aimed at ascertaining the extent to which paternal repair processes possibly deficient in mei-9a, mei-41D5 and mus-101D1 genotypes would affect the recovery of radiation-induced recessive lethals in early spermatids, spermatocytes and spermatogonia. These germ cell stages were sampled in two 2-day broods from freshly hatched males, that were irradiated as 24-h old pupae in O2, or N2 followed by N2 or O2 post-treatment. Spontaneous mutation frequencies were higher in mei-9 and mei-41 males, and thus appropriate corrections were applied to the radiation data. Only with mei-9 males a clear and consistent increase of the radiation-induced mutation frequency was observed. The effect is somewhat more pronounced in brood B, presumably representing spermatogonia, than in brood A and is observed after radiation in either O2 or N2. The paternal repair process thus differs from the maternal one in that it also responds to radiation damage induced in O2. The finding that, following irradiation under anoxia, post treatment with O2 (versus that with N2), also lowers the mutation frequency in mei-9 males, indicates that the repair defect in mei-9 does not interfere with oxygen-dependent post-radiation repair. Thus there are two different paternal repair processes in these early stages of spermatogenesis: that is, one controlled by mei-9 and one depending on oxygen. Mei-41 and mus-101 do not appear to interfere with the paternal repair process. The frequency of translocations recovered from these stages was likewise not affected by mus-101. PMID- 3921832 TI - Studies on mutagen-sensitive strains of Drosophila melanogaster. VII. Effects of repair deficiency in males on X-ray-induced sex-linked recessive lethals in spermatozoa. AB - The response of mature spermatozoa to the X-ray induction (500 R and 3000 R) of sex-linked recessive lethals was studied in Drosophila melanogaster males known to be deficient in excision- or post-replication repair of UV damage in somatic cells. The results show that the induced frequencies of recessive lethals in the excision-repair-deficient males (mei-9a and mei-9L1) are similar to those in the appropriate repair-proficient males (mei+ and Berlin-K). However, in the post replication-repair-deficient males (w mus(1)101D1), these frequencies are significantly lower than in the comparable repair-proficient males (w) after 500 R, but not after 3000 R. PMID- 3921833 TI - Ultraviolet-light exposure induces a heritable sensitivity to the induction of SCE by mitomycin-C. AB - The dose-response relationship for mitomycin-C (MMC)-induced sister-chromatid exchange (SCE) has been determined in the progeny of Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts (V79) exposed to 5.0 J/m2 ultraviolet light-C (UVC, 254 nm) and in the progeny of non-UVC-irradiated controls. Progeny of UVC-irradiated cultures exhibited sensitivity to MMC-induced SCE at doses of MMC that were not detectably lethal. This sensitivity was manifest as an increase in SCE per cell in a large proportion of the cells derived from UVC-exposed cultures and thus appears not to result from the expression of a rare event such as mutation. PMID- 3921834 TI - Induction of sister-chromatid exchanges in ICR 2A frog cells exposed to 265-313 nm monochromatic ultraviolet wavelengths and photoreactivating light. AB - Exposure of ICR 2A frog cells to 265 nm, 289 nm, 302 nm or 313 nm monochromatic ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths induced the formation of sister-chromatid exchanges (SCEs). However, treatment of cells with photoreactivating light (PRL) following the UV irradiations resulted in a lower level of SCEs compared with cells incubated in the dark. Hence, it can be concluded that pyrimidine dimers are the principal photoproducts responsible for the induction of SCEs in cells exposed to 265-313 nm UV due to the specificity of DNA photolyase for the light-dependent monomerization of dimers in DNA. It was also found that the maximum yield of induced SCEs in 313 nm-irradiated cells was only about 7 SCEs per cell whereas the plateau values for the shorter wavelengths were approximately 15-20 SCEs per cell. In addition, treatment of cells with 313 nm plus 265 nm light resulted in a lower level of SCEs than in cells exposed to 265 nm UV alone. These results can be interpreted in the context of a replication model for SCE, in which the high level of non-dimer damages produced in the DNA of 313 nm-irradiated cells inhibits the induction of SCEs by the pyrimidine dimers that are also produced by this wavelength. PMID- 3921835 TI - Penicillin allergy and desensitization in serious infections during pregnancy. AB - Penicillin allergy presents a major obstacle to the successful management of some antepartum infections. We studied 15 pregnant women with histories of penicillin allergy confirmed by positive immediate wheal-and-flare skin tests. Thirteen had syphilis, one listeria sepsis, and one Streptococcus viridans endocarditis. Each patient was desensitized over four to six hours by oral administration of increasing doses of penicillin V. At the completion of the procedure, full-dose parenteral therapy with penicillin G or ampicillin was instituted. No extracutaneous reactions were detected. Five of the subjects (33 per cent) experienced pruritus (three) or urticaria (two), but no interruption of desensitization or therapy was necessary. All clinically apparent maternal infections were cured. The pregnancy complicated by listeriosis aborted in the first trimester. The 11 neonates delivered to date are normal. These results indicate that oral desensitization is an acceptably safe approach to therapy in pregnant women who are allergic to penicillin and have infections that require beta-lactam drugs. PMID- 3921836 TI - The indirect costs of graduate medical education. AB - This analysis, aimed at measuring the indirect costs associated with hospital teaching programs, found that university teaching hospitals were 33 per cent more costly than nonteaching hospitals with respect to direct hospital costs (excluding overhead) after adjustment for differences in case mix using diagnosis related groups (DRGs). This study found major teaching hospitals (not administered by a university) to be 18 per cent and minor teaching hospitals 9 per cent more costly than nonteaching hospitals. These cost differentials were due primarily to the greater intensity of services provided in teaching settings rather than to the cost per unit of service. Inclusion of the full costs of physician services reduced the cost differences among teaching categories. Although teaching hospitals, especially university teaching hospitals, are demonstrably more expensive than nonteaching hospitals for the same types of cases, researchers and policy makers must consider the physician-substitution effect. This is particularly important in the light of the current controversy over the integration of physician costs for inpatient services into Medicare's DRG-based prospective-payment system. PMID- 3921837 TI - Impaired growth hormone responses to growth hormone-releasing factor in obesity. PMID- 3921838 TI - The rationing of medical care. PMID- 3921839 TI - Evidence of aluminum loading in infants receiving intravenous therapy. AB - To investigate the possibility that premature infants may be vulnerable to aluminum toxicity acquired through intravenous feeding, we prospectively studied plasma and urinary aluminum concentrations in 18 premature infants receiving intravenous therapy and in 8 term infants receiving no intravenous therapy. We also measured bone aluminum concentrations in autopsy specimens from 23 infants, including 6 who had received at least three weeks of intravenous therapy. Premature infants who received intravenous therapy had high plasma and urinary aluminum concentrations, as compared with normal controls: plasma aluminum, 36.78 +/- 45.30 vs. 5.17 +/- 3.1 micrograms per liter (mean +/- S.D., P less than 0.0001); urinary aluminum:creatinine ratio, 5.4 +/- 4.6 vs. 0.64 +/- 0.75 (P less than 0.01). The bone aluminum concentration was 10 times higher in infants who had received at least three weeks of intravenous therapy than in those who had received limited intravenous therapy: 20.16 +/- 13.4 vs. 1.98 +/- 1.44 mg per kilogram of dry weight (P less than 0.0001). Creatinine clearances corrected for weight did not reach expected adult values until 34 weeks of gestation. Many commonly used intravenous solutions are found to be highly contaminated with aluminum. We conclude that infants receiving intravenous therapy have aluminum loading, which is reflected in increased urinary excretion and elevated concentrations in plasma and bone. Such infants may be at high risk for aluminum intoxication secondary to increased parenteral exposure and poor renal clearance. PMID- 3921840 TI - The feasibility of universal long-term-care benefits. Ideas from Canada. PMID- 3921841 TI - Implications of hepatic and extrahepatic metabolism of aspirin in selective inhibition of platelet cyclooxygenase. PMID- 3921842 TI - Measurement of viable ADSOL-preserved human red cells. PMID- 3921843 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 22-1985. An 88-year-old man with weight loss and a large pleural effusion. PMID- 3921844 TI - Strategies for reforming Medicare's physician payments. Physician diagnosis related groups and other approaches. PMID- 3921845 TI - Presence of cyclopiazonic acid in kodo millet (Paspalum scrobiculatum) causing 'kodua poisoning' in man and its production by associated fungi. AB - Cyclopiazonic acid was isolated and identified from a sample of kodo millet seed that caused symptoms of 'kodua poisoning' in man. The extract of the toxic grain when injected intraperitoneally into mice produced symptoms of depression and complete loss of mobility. The seed was infected by Aspergillus flavus and A. tamarii and both fungi produced cyclopiazonic acid. This is the first report of the association of a mycotoxin with kodua poisoning and of A. tamarii with mycotoxicoses. PMID- 3921846 TI - Adaptation of lactic streptococci for growth with their homologous bacteriophage. AB - The adaptation of lactic streptococci for growth with their homologous bacteriophage was studied through the addition of bacteriophage filtrate to skim milk medium inoculated with Streptococcus lactis or Streptococcus cremoris. Both S. lactis and S. cremoris attained their adaptability for growth with their homologous bacteriophage after 5 and 2 transferes, respectively, and did not lose it after a storage period of 30 days at 0 degree C. PMID- 3921847 TI - [The enzymatic decomposition of DDT. 2. Enzymatic secondary reactions]. AB - Besides alterations of the DDT molecule by enzymatic reactions on its skeleton, modifications of the phenylic rings were noted recently. Especially DDE which has been considered very stable up to now is subject to an enzymatic hydroxylation with forming some isomers. Furthermore, the isolation of methylsulfonyl derivatives of DDE succeeded. Cleavages of the phenylic ring by microbial influences and its metabolization are described too. PMID- 3921848 TI - Improved timing of hominoid evolution with a DNA clock. PMID- 3921849 TI - An unusual type of V-J joining diversifies the primary repertoire of mouse lambda 1 light chains. AB - It is well established that B lymphocytes can achieve an almost unlimited antibody repertoire by using combinations of at least three different basic mechanisms. First, the mammalian genome has multiple, distinct germline variable (V), joining (J) and diversity (D) gene segments which can presumably combine randomly to give V-D-J joins in the heavy (H)-chain loci and V-J joins in the light (L)-chain loci during the formation of functional antibody genes. Second, the actual joining points between any two combining gene segments can vary considerably, increasing the germline diversity. Further variability is generated in the heavy-chain locus by de novo addition of extra nucleotides between the combining gene segments. Finally, somatic mutations independent from joining events can accumulate in V regions during the lifetime of B lymphocytes. Here we report that when V and J regions join in the formation of functional lambda 1 light-chain genes, 'lethal' out-of-frame joins can be compensated for by the deletion of nucleotides several bases upstream of the actual joining points; this generates small stretches of nucleotides in a new frame between the deletion and the V-J joining point, thus creating additional diversity in the third hypervariable regions of the mouse lambda 1 light chains. PMID- 3921850 TI - Six unidentified reading frames of human mitochondrial DNA encode components of the respiratory-chain NADH dehydrogenase. AB - The products of six unidentified reading frames of human mitochondrial DNA are precipitated from a mitochondrial lysate by antibodies against highly purified native beef heart NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I). These products are enriched greatly in a human submitochondrial fraction enriched in NADH-Q1 and NADH-K3Fe(CN)6 oxidoreductase activities. We conclude that the six reading frames encode components of the respiratory-chain NADH dehydrogenase. PMID- 3921851 TI - The heredity of haemophilia. PMID- 3921852 TI - The genetic basis of Haldane's rule. AB - 'Haldane's rule', formulated by J. B. S. Haldane in 1922, states that: "When in the F1 offspring of two different animal races one sex is absent, rare, or sterile, that sex is the heterozygous [heterogametic] sex". His rule is now known to apply in mammals, lepidopterans, birds, orthopterans and dipterans. In Drosophila, for example, Bock cites 142 cases of interspecific hybridizations that produce one sterile and one fertile sex in the offspring, all but one of these crosses yielding sterile XY males and fertile XX females. Despite much speculation, however, the genetic basis of Haldane's rule remains unknown. Haldane himself rejected the simple explanation that males are innately more sensitive than females to the effects of hybridization because groups with heterogametic females (such as birds and butterflies) usually show female sterility in hybrids, so that heterogamety itself is the critical feature. He and others suggested that heterogametic infertility or inviability in hybrids arises by a genetic imbalance between X chromosomes and autosomes. An alternative explanation is that this syndrome is caused by a mismatch of X and Y chromosomes. Here I show that in the Drosophila melanogaster subgroup, Haldane's rule for fertility apparently arises from a genetic interaction between X and Y chromosomes and not from an imbalance between sex chromosomes and autosomes. This finding has important implications for understanding the evolution of interspecific reproductive isolation. PMID- 3921853 TI - NMR technique for assessing contributions of heavy and light chains to an antibody combining site. AB - Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has been used extensively to study the structure of antibody combining sites. In recent studies we have observed the proton resonance spectra of the Fab fragment of a monoclonal anti-spin-label antibody derived from a hybridoma grown on various specifically deuterated amino acids. The broadening of the proton resonance signals by the paramagnetic hapten, together with selective deuteration, has allowed the identification of most of the amino acids in the combining-site region of this antibody and has also provided estimates of distances between amino-acid protons and the unpaired electron. Here we show how recombination of specifically deuterated heavy and light chains permits the assignment of single amino-acid proton resonance signals to either the heavy or light chain. In addition, the spectra of such recombinants demonstrate that their combining-site structures must be almost identical to the native structure. PMID- 3921854 TI - Circadian rhythms. Period piece for Drosophila. PMID- 3921855 TI - Effects of clorgyline and (-)deprenyl on the deamination of normetanephrine and noradrenaline in strips and homogenates of the canine saphenous vein. AB - The influence of specific inhibitors of MAO A (clorgyline) and MAO B [( )deprenyl] on the metabolism of normetanephrine (NMN) in strips of canine saphenous vein was studied, both in the absence and in the presence of inhibitors of neuronal (cocaine) and extraneuronal (hydrocortisone) uptake. Moreover, the formation of metabolites of noradrenaline and of NMN by saphenous vein homogenates and the influence of clorgyline or (-)deprenyl on this formation are described. Clorgyline reduced to the same degree (by about 70%) the formation of methoxy-hydroxy-phenylglycol (MOPEG) and of vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) in strips incubated with NMN, whereas (-)deprenyl reduced by about 50% the formation of MOPEG and had no effect on VMA production. Hydrocortisone had effects very similar to those of (-)deprenyl. Saphenous vein homogenates (O-methylation inhibited), deaminated both noradrenaline and NMN; clorgyline and (-)deprenyl reduced the formation of metabolites of both noradrenaline and NMN. It is concluded that both MAO A and B are able to deaminate noradrenaline and NMN, but that in the intact tissue the former has no access to MAO B. Even in intact tissues MAO B may play a role in the metabolism (but not in the inactivation) of noradrenaline by deaminating the NMN formed from noradrenaline and giving preferentially origin to MOPEG. PMID- 3921857 TI - Transdermal nitroglycerin. PMID- 3921856 TI - Influence of MAO A and MAO B on the inactivation of noradrenaline in the saphenous vein of the dog. AB - Specific inhibitors of MAO A (clorgyline 0.1 mumol/l) and of MAO B [(-)deprenyl 10 mumol/l] were used in dog saphenous vein strips in order to study the relative influence of the two types of MAO on: 1. Termination of contractile response to exogenous noradrenaline (NA); 2. Metabolism and accumulation of exogenous (3H) NA; 3. Metabolism of 3H-NA released by electrical stimulation. To study the termination of contractile response to exogenous NA, the oil immersion technique was used to determine the time for half-relaxation. The experiments were performed on strips with or without treatment with cocaine 10 mumol/l (to inhibit neuronal uptake) plus U-0521 100 mumol/l (to inhibit catechol-O-methyl transferase) before and after exposure to MAO inhibitors. Clorgyline, but not ( )deprenyl enhanced significantly the time for half-relaxation of the strips, whether cocaine was present or not. To study the metabolism and accumulation of exogenous 3H-NA, the strips were incubated (with or without preincubation with cocaine) with 3H-NA 0.23 mumol/l and 2.3 mumol/l in the presence and in the absence of MAO inhibitors. The formation of deaminated metabolites was significantly reduced by clorgyline, but not by deprenyl. To study the metabolism of 3H-NA released by electrical stimulation, the strips were incubated with 3H-NA 1.4 mumol/l. In the presence of cocaine and U-0521, field stimulation was applied during two periods of 5 min (10 Hz, 100 V, 2 ms), in the absence or presence of MAO inhibitors. Under these experimental conditions clorgyline, but not deprenyl, abolished DOPEG formation, without affecting the other metabolites.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3921858 TI - [Hemorrhagic colitis caused by penicillin]. PMID- 3921859 TI - The argument set out is indisputable. A new way forward for nurses. PMID- 3921860 TI - Differential suppression of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone secretion in vivo by a gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist. AB - Because of some indication that FSH secretion is less dependent than LH secretion on GnRH in vivo, we performed experiments to examine the effects of a GnRH antagonist (antag) on LH and FSH secretion. We first showed that pituitary cells superfused with GnRH showed a similar pattern of suppressed secretion of both LH and FSH in response to addition of antag. In contrast, antag administration to ovariectomized rats had differing effects on LH and FSH secretion. Serum LH was suppressed in a dose-dependent fashion by 2 h (20-50% of control values). Recovery from the lower doses of antag was seen by 12 h, but the two highest doses maintained serum LH levels at 10% of control values for 72 h. In contrast, the effect on serum FSH was not manifested until 12 h. FSH was maximally decreased only to 40-60% of control values. The two highest doses maintained this effect for 72 h. These results reinforce previous suggestions that FSH secretion in vivo may occur independently of acute changes in GnRH secretion, and may have an GnRH-independent component. PMID- 3921861 TI - Lipoxygenase products of arachidonic acid stimulate LHRH release from rat median eminence. AB - Exogenous arachidonic acid (AA) incubated in presence of male rat hypothalamus, shows a low rate of conversion (less than 1%) of the substrate with a major product, identified as 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE) by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (rpHPLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Furthermore, immunoreactive 12-HETE estimated after purification on rpHPLC is produced by hypothalamus slices or median eminences (MEs) incubated in absence of any exogenous precursor. The effect of 12-HETE was tested on the release of LHRH from rat MEs after a 30-min incubation and was compared to the effect of another lipoxygenase product, 5-HETE, and to the well known stimulatory effect of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). The three AA metabolites stimulate LHRH release. A significant stimulatory effect on LHRH release is obtained with 10(-9) M of 12-HETE and only with 10(-8) M of 5-HETE or PGE2. Furthermore, the effect of higher concentrations is different according to the eicosanoid tested. The maximal response (176% of the control) is reached with 12 HETE at 10(-8) M. No significant change is observed at 10(-7) and 10(-6) M. The response with 5-HETE is also maximal (162% of the control) at 10(-8) M but decreases significantly (only 117% of the control) at 10(-6) M. The amplitude of the response to PGE2 is larger and higher, reaching a plateau (300% of the control) at 10(-6) M. 12-HETE has no effect on somatostatin (SRIF), release, as already known for PGE2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3921862 TI - Morphine-induced TSH release in normal and hypothyroid subjects. AB - The effects of morphine (10 mg i.v.), an opioid agonist, and of naloxone (10 mg i.v.), an opioid antagonist, on serum levels of TSH and PRL were studied in 7 hypothyroid patients and in 5 normal volunteers. Morphine administration induced a prompt, significant increase in serum TSH and PRL in all subjects. The degree of PRL release after morphine was similar in the two groups, while, as regards TSH, the increase was more evident in hypothyroid subjects. Pretreatment with naloxone (4 mg i.v. 5 min before morphine administration) blocked these effects in all subjects. In contrast, naloxone alone was not able to affect significantly TSH and PRL secretion. Moreover, in 5 other euthyroid volunteers, morphine significantly enhanced the response of TSH and PRL to TRH stimulation (200 micrograms i.v.). These data demonstrate that morphine exerts a stimulatory action on TSH and PRL secretion: the possible mode of action of this drug and the physiologic significance of these findings are discussed. PMID- 3921863 TI - Effects of acute increases in plasma osmolality on plasma vasopressin-associated neurophysin in conscious rats: implications for osmoregulation. AB - We studied the responses of the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system to intravenous infusions of 18% saline, 25% mannitol and a combination of 15% mannitol and 1.35% saline in conscious, chronically catheterized Long-Evans rats. Infusions of 18% saline and 25% mannitol produced similar increases in plasma osmolality (Posm) and plasma vasopressin-associated neurophysin concentration [( VP-RNP]). As expected, plasma sodium concentration [( Na+]) for the 18% saline treated animals was significantly elevated while that for the 25% mannitol treated animals was significantly reduced. Mannitol infusion caused a significantly greater loss of body weight. The slopes of the relationship between delta [VP-RNP] and delta Posm were almost identical for the two groups. Infusion of a combination of 15% mannitol and 1.35% saline produced a rise in Posm comparable to that observed for the other two infusion regimens, but caused smaller increases in [VP-RNP], the slope of the relationship between delta [VP RNP] and delta Posm being about half of those for the infusion with 18% saline or 25% mannitol. This combination also maintained [Na+] close to normal levels and in these animals there was a loss of body weight that was significantly smaller than that for those rats receiving 25% mannitol. The results of this study imply that factors other than osmoreceptors and/or sodium receptors are involved in causing a release of neurohypophysial principles during acute infusion of hypertonic solutions. PMID- 3921864 TI - Comparison of the effect of the carbon dioxide laser and the bipolar coagulator on the cat brain. AB - The carbon dioxide laser has recently received clinical acceptance in neurosurgical practice. There are, however, few studies reported in the neurosurgical literature, either clinical or experimental, concerning its safety or efficacy on a physiological level by comparison to a more conventional tool. This study is not a description of a surgical technique, but is rather a basic physiological comparison of two surgical instruments. In this study, 11 cats were pretreated with the protein-bound dye, Evans blue. A corticotomy was performed in one hemisphere with the carbon dioxide laser and in the other with a microbipolar coagulator and a sharp blade. The subsequent extravasation of dye was presumed to be proportional to the amount of blood-brain barrier disruption associated with each lesion. When effective power settings for the two devices were compared, the laser lesions had significantly less extravasation of blue dye. This indicated that there was less damage to the blood-brain barrier surrounding laser corticotomy than surrounding conventional bipolar coagulation and sharp dissection at comparable power settings for each modality. PMID- 3921865 TI - Cerebral vascular responses to hypocapnia during nitroglycerin-induced hypotension. AB - For many neurosurgical procedures, elective hypotension is used to reduce the risk of cerebral vessel rupture and hypocapnia is used to constrict cerebral vessels, thereby reducing cerebral blood volume. Although nitroglycerin (NTG) often is used to produce hypotension during neurological surgery, it is not known whether NTG-induced cerebral vasodilation interferes with the cerebral vasoconstrictor response to hypocapnia. This study examined cerebral vascular responses to hypocapnia during NTG-induced hypotension in eight dogs that were lightly anesthetized with halothane and had an open cranium. Cerebral vascular resistance (CVR) and cerebral blood flow (CBF) at PaCO2 = 40 mm Hg and at PaCO2 = 20 mm Hg were examined first at normal mean arterial pressure (MAP) and then at MAP = 50 mm Hg. CO2 responsiveness, as indicated by increased CVR and decreased CBF, was intact at normal MAP but absent during hypotension. These results suggest that the cerebral vasodilation that accompanies NTG-induced hypotension exerts a greater influence on cerebral vessels than the cerebral vasoconstricting influence of hypocapnia. It is concluded that, during NTG-induced hypotension and craniotomy, hypocapnia will not reduce cerebral blood volume or further decrease CBF to cause ischemia. PMID- 3921866 TI - CT of the main ligaments of the cervico-occipital hinge. AB - The results of a CT-anatomical correlative study of the main ligaments of the cervico-occipital hinge are reported. CT criteria of normal ligamentous structure of this region are presented in axial, coronal and sagittal views with a special attention to the transverse ligament of the Atlas. Examples of pathological transverse ligaments are illustrated and emphasis is laid upon the better statement CT allows in such cases. PMID- 3921867 TI - Congenital toxoplasmosis. Clinical and neuroradiological evaluation of the cerebral lesions. AB - A study of 31 observations of congenital toxoplasmosis shows that there is a clear relationship between the cerebral lesions as observed on CT scan, neurological symptoms, and the date of maternal infection. The appearance of the CT scan is characteristic of cases with early maternal seroconversion (before the 20th week of pregnancy), of cases with maternal infection between the 20 and 30th week of pregnancy, and of cases with late maternal seroconversion (after the 30th week of pregnancy). Preventive maternal treatment does not change the pattern of the cerebral lesions observed on CT scan and thus proves ineffective in conferring real protection. PMID- 3921868 TI - Symptomatic diverticulum of the sacral nerve root sheath. PMID- 3921869 TI - Ibotenic acid lesions of the lateral hypothalamus: comparison with 6 hydroxydopamine-induced sensorimotor deficits. AB - Three groups of rats received unilateral injections of ibotenic acid, 6 hydroxydopamine or vehicle control into the lateral hypothalamic area, and were given a range of tests of sensorimotor capacity. As expected from previous reports, the 6-hydroxydopamine injections induced a marked sensorimotor impairment to the contralateral side of the body. By contrast, the ibotenic acid injections produced no detectable sensorimotor changes, although the parameters and histological extent of the lesion were identical to those which produce aphagia, adipsia and sustained regulatory impairments when administered bilaterally. These results dissociate the classic electrolytic lesion of the lateral hypothalamus into homeostatic impairments following damage to intrinsic hypothalamic neurones, and sensorimotor impairments dependent only on damage to passing catecholamine fibre systems. PMID- 3921870 TI - Detection of homovanillic acid in vivo using microcomputer-controlled voltammetry: simultaneous monitoring of rat motor activity and striatal dopamine release. AB - Linear sweep voltammograms recorded with carbon paste electrodes in the striatum of the unanaesthetised, unrestrained rat show three separate peaks. The effect on peak 3 of either unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesion of the substantia nigra or intraperitoneal administration of alpha-methyl-paratyrosine, supports our earlier conclusion that peak 3 is due to the dopamine metabolite homovanillic acid. Administration of gamma-butyrolactone, which inhibits firing of dopaminergic nigrostriatal neurones, produces an immediate decrease in striatal homovanillic acid, followed by a prolonged increase. Dopamine-receptor agonists and antagonists produce changes in the extracellular concentration of homovanillic acid which are predicted by their effects on dopamine release. Simultaneous monitoring of total motor activity and homovanillic acid show significant correlation between these two parameters. The usefulness of this technique for monitoring dopamine release is critically evaluated in the light of these results. PMID- 3921871 TI - Positron emission tomography in generalized seizures. AB - We used 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) to study nine patients with clinical absence or generalized seizures. One patient had only absence seizures, two had only generalized tonic-clonic seizures, and six had both seizure types. Interictal scans in eight failed to reveal focal or lateralized hypometabolism. No apparent abnormalities were noted. Two patients had PET scans after isotope injection during hyperventilation-induced generalized spike-wave discharges. Diffusely increased metabolic rates were found in one compared with an interictal scan, and in another compared with control values. Another patient had FDG injected during absence status: EEG showed generalized spike-wave discharges (during which she was unresponsive) intermixed with slow activity accompanied by confusion. Metabolic rates were decreased, compared with the interictal scan, throughout both cortical and subcortical structures. Interictal PET did not detect specific anatomic regions responsible for absence seizure onset in any patient, but the results of the ictal scans did suggest that pathophysiologic differences exist between absence status and single absence attacks. PMID- 3921872 TI - Bilateral focal cortical atrophy and chronic ergotamine abuse. AB - A 67-year-old patient took 5 mg of ergotamine daily for 18 months. His headaches and dysphoria were greatly improved by stopping this drug. Brain imaging by CT and magnetic resonance techniques showed numerous atrophic lesions that may represent infarcts due to occlusion of superficial cortical vessels. PMID- 3921873 TI - Chronic valproic acid therapy and synaptic markers of amino acid neurotransmission. AB - Valproic acid acutely alters regional brain concentrations of GABA and of aspartic and glutamic acids in vivo, and it potentiates the action of these amino acid neurotransmitters on neurons in vitro. Chronic alterations of presynaptic uptake or receptor binding activity induced by these effects of valproate could contribute to its anticonvulsant properties. We treated rats with valproate (100 mg/kg ip bid) for 3 weeks; drug levels in frontal cortex reached 70 micrograms/g tissue, but there was no effect on uptake and binding activity of these amino acids in cortex and hippocampus. PMID- 3921874 TI - [Current status of pancreatic island transplantation]. PMID- 3921875 TI - [Pancreas transplantation. An historical review and analysis of current results]. PMID- 3921876 TI - [Dysfunction of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal-gonadal axis induced by histamine H2 antagonists. Review of the literature and personal observations]. AB - The effects of the H2 blockers most commonly used for treating ulcers (CMT + RNT) on the hypothalamic-hypophyseal-gonadal axis are analysed. The following conclusions may be drawn form the literature and from personal studies: a) Basal levels of PRL increase significantly after an i.v. bolus of CMT and, very probably, in the first few days of oral treatment. b) RNT orally or i.v., in standard therapeutic doses, has no effect on the secretion of prolactin which is only influenced by higher i.v. doses. c) From points a) and b) it would seem that H2 blockers determine PRL increases by interference at a central level in the histaminergic neurotransmission system. d) The mechanisms for determining alterations in LH secretion, secretory spikes and their frequency have not yet been clarified and are not even unanimously recognised. e) The gynaecomastia, galactorrhoea, amenorrhoea and impotence--reported only after long-term cimetidine treatment--can probably be attributed to the specific antiandrogen receptor property of CMT. f) The onset of menstrual problems or of modifications in sexual behaviour in fertile patients, should however be checked and their basal PRL monitored if necessary. PMID- 3921877 TI - [Cholelithiasis associated with upper gastrointestinal pathology. Critical evaluation of the emerging incidence and diagnostic and therapeutic indications]. AB - Although cases of upper G.E. tract diseases associated with simple cholelithiasis are described as specific syndromes in the literature (Saint's triad, Casten's syndrome, etc.) they may be usefully evaluated with the aim of checking the following parameters: a) incidence and importance of associated pathologies; b) etio-pathogenetic correlation between age, sex and incidence; c) clinical extent of the disease and factors determining choice of medical or surgical treatment; d) more specific presurgical diagnostic investigation for certain cases; e) effect of combined surgery on recovery. Recent research carried out (Choctaw) in which the term associated pathology was defined is described. A sample of 358 patients suffering from cholelithiasis was examined. Of these, 230 were suitable candidates for surgery and systemic presurgical examination by means of digestive tract X-ray investigation and fecal blood tests. 35% of cases were found to be associated pathologies including hiatal hernia, peptic ulcer, duodenal diverticula, gastric neoplasia and various diseases of the large intestine. These data were found to be statistically different from data collected from a similar group of patients complaining of abdominal colic who did not display symptoms of cholelithiasis although 17% had diseases of the upper G.E. tract. Combined surgery was carried out on 82% of patients and the subsequent follow-up period lasted for 1 to 3 years. A presurgical study programme aimed particularly at female patients over 50 was therefore designed. Post-surgical recovery was not affected by combined surgery. PMID- 3921878 TI - Coupling and uncoupling of amphibian neuroglia. AB - Glial cells in the optic nerve of Necturus are coupled to each other by low resistance pathways which also permit the diffusion of the fluorescent dye Lucifer Yellow CH among the cells. The spread of dye is readily observed as nuclei of cells distant from the site of intracellular injection are stained. By contrast, horseradish peroxidase does not traverse the intercellular pathways. This protein remains in the injected cell. The addition of weak acids (carbonic or propionic) to the bathing medium reversibly uncouples the glia; it blocks the spread of ionic current and Lucifer Yellow among the cells. A block of ionic coupling will block the spatial buffering of potassium by the glial syncytium. PMID- 3921879 TI - Can nursing options cut health care's bottom line? PMID- 3921880 TI - Taurine requirement in primates. PMID- 3921881 TI - Taurine deficiency in a child on total parenteral nutrition. PMID- 3921882 TI - Advances in the biotechnology of lysine production. PMID- 3921883 TI - Tocainide (Tonocard) for ventricular arrhythmias. PMID- 3921884 TI - Take Precautions Now. PMID- 3921885 TI - Asthma in a country hospital. AB - All 39 adult asthma admissions to Kaitaia Hospital in 1983 were surveyed. Of 15 patients treated by a doctor prior to admission, only one received treatment likely to abort the attack. Twenty-four patients were supposed to be taking beclomethasone or cromoglycate but only six were taking it regularly with an adequate inhaler technique. The possibility of erratic use of beclomethasone being a contributing factor in the high mortality from asthma in New Zealand is raised. Of 15 patients not taking beclomethasone or cromoglycate, 10 gave a history suggesting they could have benefited from such medication. Twenty-eight of the admissions were thought to have been potentially preventable. PMID- 3921886 TI - Responsibility accounting: making decisions efficiently. PMID- 3921887 TI - [Sterilizing efficiency of an automatic sterilizer for dental handpieces]. PMID- 3921888 TI - [Mutagenicity of acetaminophen on Chinese hamster V79 cells]. PMID- 3921889 TI - A health and hospital profile of Toledo. PMID- 3921890 TI - Inhibitory action of aminoglutethimide on DMBA-induced mammary carcinogenesis. AB - The present communication reports the inhibitory action of aminoglutethimide on 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene (DMBA) induced mammary carcinogenesis in virgin female Holtzman rats. When 20 mg of DMBA is given to the rats and maintained on normal diet for 32 weeks, approximately 70% of the animals develop mammary tumors. When animals similarly treated with DMBA are put on diets containing 0.025%, 0.05%, and 0.1% of aminoglutethimide for 32 weeks, there is a decline in the number of tumor-bearing animals as well as in the number of tumors per tumor bearing animal, especially at higher diet doses of the drug. This inhibitory action on the induction of mammary tumors by DMBA could be mainly due to the suppressive action of the drug on endocrine functions. PMID- 3921891 TI - Cis-diaminodichloroplatinum (II) chemotherapy for advanced adenocarcinoma of the upper gastrointestinal tract. AB - A phase II study of cis-diaminodichloroplatinum (II) (cis-DDP) was carried out in 55 patients with advanced adenocarcinoma of the upper gastrointestinal tract. The drug was given at a dose of 100 mg/m2 i.v. over 2h every 3-4 weeks, with hydration and mannitol diuresis. There were 3 partial responses (6%) among 51 evaluable patients (esophagus 12, stomach 16, pancreas 14, liver 6, and biliary 3). Toxicity was moderate with cumulative nephrotoxicity being the most serious side effect. Myelosuppression was noted in 25% of patients, all having had prior therapy with mitomycin C and nitrosoureas. Activity of cis-DDP as a single agent against adenocarcinoma of the upper gastrointestinal tract in our patient population was minimal. PMID- 3921892 TI - Education for roles and responsibilities in quality assurance. PMID- 3921893 TI - Evaluating financial viability of clinical programs under prospective pricing. AB - The new financial incentives created by prospective pricing for hospital inpatient services--especially by Medicare's diagnosis-related group (DRG) system -make it important for hospitals to evaluate the financial viability of individual clinical programs. For the purposes of such evaluations, however, DRGs are likely to be poor definitions of the services or products delivered by any given hospital. This article examines the implications of the concept of "product lines" in hospitals, three criteria for useful product definitions, ways in which DRGs fail to meet these criteria, the need for hospital-specific product definitions, and technical difficulties that hospitals may encounter in defining their products. A case study of the orthopedic service at a large, urban, teaching hospital, using both DRGs and the hospitals own product definitions, illustrates the process of evaluating the financial viability of clinical programs. PMID- 3921894 TI - The perceived training needs of quality assurance professionals in eight eastern states. PMID- 3921895 TI - An assessment of accreditation with contingencies and the three-year award cycle. PMID- 3921896 TI - An annotated bibliography (Part 4): Quality assurance and patient support. PMID- 3921897 TI - [Osteochondropathy of the accessory apical nucleus of ossification of the lower pole of the patella]. PMID- 3921898 TI - [Tobramycin sensitivity of Neisseria gonorrhoeae]. PMID- 3921899 TI - [Comparative study of mid-term abortion procedures and analysis of data on subsequent deliveries]. PMID- 3921900 TI - [Para-articular (ectopic or heterotopic) ossification following total hip prosthesis]. PMID- 3921901 TI - Facial nerve grading system. PMID- 3921902 TI - Vestibular Meniere's disease. AB - The clinical entity of vestibular Meniere's disease (VMD) is assessed and described. Twenty percent of cases eventuating in typical Meniere's disease presented with VMD first. In other patients VMD alone persisted for many years (30 or more). VMD, usually unilateral, is characterized by recurrent episodes of vertigo typical of classical Meniere's disease. Positional vertigo can occur between or during episodes. Aural pressure is second to vertigo in importance, and electronystagmographic findings are third. Although hearing is normal, tinnitus or loudness intolerance may be present. Concepts of pathogenesis are discussed. PMID- 3921903 TI - Preoperative and postoperative growth rates in acoustic neuromas documented with CT scanning. AB - Sequential computerized tomography (CT) allows us to determine the growth rate of acoustic neuromas. Prior to CT scanning, a variability in tumor growth rates was recognized on the basis of clinical signs. After incomplete tumor removal, some patients experienced rapid recurrence, whereas others lived many years without recurrence. We used CT scanning to study tumor growth rates in a heterogeneous group of 21 patients. Thirteen elderly patients were given annual scans after incomplete tumor removal, while eight patients who had not had surgery are likewise being followed up. Early detection and complete tumor removal with preservation of hearing and facial function remain the goal in vigorous and healthy patients. However, a large number of older, infirm patients with acoustic neuromas may not require surgery or be candidates for incomplete tumor removal. Because rapid tumor growth may necessitate total tumor removal even in older patients, a better understanding of the growth rates may permit us to take a more scientific approach in planning these patients' management. PMID- 3921904 TI - Virtues and vagaries of high-resolution CT air cisternography in the diagnosis of acoustic neuromas. AB - A series of 125 consecutive, bilateral, high-resolution, computerized tomographic (CT) air cisternograms was prospectively reviewed and analyzed. Emphasis was placed on identifying problems encountered in performing the study and potential sources of error in interpretation. In two patients there was difficulty in transporting the air bolus because spinal cord tumors coexisted with bilateral acoustic neuromas. Potential false-positive results were avoided in four patients by persistent efforts to fill the internal auditory canal. Later reexaminations were recommended for four patients whose examinations were suspicious or suggestive of tiny acoustic neuromas. Unilateral Mondini malformation was incidentally diagnosed in one patient. Six patients required therapy for persistent headache after lumbar puncture. High-resolution CT air cisternography is believed to be the method of choice for investigating the nonenhancing or small acoustic neuroma. However, this method is not without potential problems, some of which are discussed. PMID- 3921905 TI - Acoustic tumors: preoperative measurement and correlation with postoperative facial nerve function. AB - The cases of 67 patients consecutively operated on for acoustic tumors are reported. Preoperative records consist of tumor size and the position of the fourth ventricle on computerized tomography (CT) scans. An analysis is made of the immediate postoperative and current function of the facial nerves. There is a statistically significant relationship between the number of weak or paralyzed seventh nerves and displacement of the fourth ventricle (P less than .05). It is now possible to accurately measure acoustic tumors on preoperative CT scans. The position of the fourth ventricle can also be clearly seen. The current standard of diagnosis and management of acoustic tumors should include a cursor measurement of tumor size on CT scan and a notation of the position of the fourth ventricle. Adoption of this method of reporting will permit meaningful evaluation of treatment for acoustic tumors. This analysis illustrates the importance of accurate measurements in reporting and evaluating surgical results. PMID- 3921906 TI - Meningiomas of the cerebellopontine angle. AB - The majority of cerebellopontine angle tumors are acoustic neurinomas; however, 10% to 15% are meningiomas. Meningiomas are benign lesions that must be removed but may require surgical approaches different from those used for acoustic neurinomas. To determine if meningiomas could be distinguished from acoustic neurinomas clinically, findings in 20 patients who underwent removal of a meningioma were compared to those in 131 patients who had an acoustic neurinoma removed during the same period. We found that in patients with meningiomas the tumors frequently are large at presentation, the otologic symptoms and audiometric findings are less dramatic, and roentgenograms of the skull and tomograms of the petrous apex rarely show erosion of the internal auditory canal. Computerized tomography is the most useful method for differentiating a meningioma from a neurinoma: when a meningioma is present the characteristic finding is a broad-based mass aligned with the petrous ridge, not centered over the internal auditory canal. PMID- 3921907 TI - Selective facial neurectomy for spastic disorders of the facial nerve. AB - Selective facial neurectomy in combination with bilateral musculocutaneous resection, plication brow lift, upper lid blepharoplasty, and limited rhytidectomy was performed on 18 patients with essential blepharospasm, eight with hemifacial spasm, and two with CNS vascular compression malformations. Microscopy showed the nerve tissues to be normal. Initial results were excellent. At 3 months there was a slight, persistent spastic twitching of the affected muscles in five nerves (a 14% failure rate in correcting blepharospasm). After 13 months there were four additional failures resulting from nerve regrowth in three and from one patient not completing therapy. The overall blepharospasm failure rate was 26%. On repeat neurectomy those with nerve regrowth presented with a diffuse, fine meshwork of nerve fibers reinnervating the mimetic facial musculature. In six of seven patients operated on again, spasticity was eliminated. The initial surgical failure rate has been corrected by resecting the frontal branch and the superior division of the buccal branch of the facial nerve. Only repeat neurectomy can correct long-term failures resulting from facial nerve regrowth. PMID- 3921908 TI - Facial nerve identification in children. AB - A surgical technique utilizing common anatomic landmarks has been developed to aid in the safe identification of the facial nerve in children. Anatomic dissections demonstrated that the facial nerve trunk can be consistently found in a triangle formed by the sternocleidomastoid muscle, posterior belly of the digastric muscle, and cartilaginous ear canal. Because of the superficial course of the facial nerve in infants and the underdevelopment of surrounding structures, the standard techniques for identification of the facial nerve trunk in adults would jeopardize the nerve in children, and an alternative technique for identifying the facial nerve has been developed. PMID- 3921909 TI - Temporal bone fractures: a histopathologic study. AB - Trauma or injury to the skull, if of sufficient force, may produce a temporal bone fracture. However, terms such as basilar skull fracture, labyrinthine hemorrhage, or labyrinthine concussion are inadequate in that they do not describe the precise histopathologic lesion. We carried out a histopathologic study of the 14 ears in seven patients; all the patients suffered at least one temporal bone fracture. Our objective was to review the histopathologic findings of various fracture lines through the base of the skull and correlate these with the history and clinical findings. PMID- 3921910 TI - Midfacial fractures: importance of angle of impact to horizontal craniofacial buttresses. AB - The complex nature of midfacial fractures is a result of the interaction of impact forces and inherent resistance of the facial bones to displacement. Analysis of fractures created in cadavers shows that impact forces angled obliquely to the horizontal craniofacial buttresses cause LeFort III fractures with inferior and posterior displacement of the midface. Forces directed head-on to the buttresses cause LeFort II-I fractures with inferior rotation of the midface around the lower ends of the pterygoid plates. It appears that the point of impact is of lesser importance in creating midfacial fractures than is the angle of impact in relation to the horizontal craniofacial buttresses. This may explain why victims of equal impact forces at the same level on the face suffer widely varying injuries. PMID- 3921911 TI - Argon laser treatment of head and neck vascular lesions. AB - Port wine stains (PWSs), hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasias (HHTs), hemangiomas, arterial venous malformations (AVMs), vascular granulomas and polyps, glomus tumors, and nasopharyngeal angiofibromas are vascular lesions of the head and neck potentially responsive to treatment with the argon laser. One hundred consecutive patients with PWSs, 25 patients with HHTs, three with subglottic hemangiomas, three with oral and/or lingual hemangiomas, two with labial AVMs, three with vascular laryngeal polyps, and one patient with inoperable glomus tumor were treated with the argon laser. Results were good to excellent in 94% of the facial PWS patients. All treated patients in the HHT group demonstrated improvement. Results with the other lesions were variable. The argon laser is a valuable treatment modality in vascular lesions of the head and neck. Posttreatment scarring and failure to achieve desired results are complications encountered. Pretreatment counseling will assist the patient in understanding the expected results. PMID- 3921912 TI - Radioisotope measurement of the velocity of tracheal mucus. AB - A radioisotope scanning technique for measuring the velocity of tracheal mucus has been developed utilizing a canine model. A solution of stannous phytate labeled with 99mTc is introduced percutaneously into the lower trachea and the upward movement of the leading edge of the radioactivity is followed by repeat scanning at 2-minute intervals using a modified rectilinear scanner, thus allowing calculation of the velocity of the mucus. It is believed that this technique may be of value in studying the effect of experimentally induced tracheal injuries on mucus velocity. Possible applications of the technique for the study of the velocity of mucus in the human trachea are discussed. PMID- 3921913 TI - Traumatic perforations of the tympanic membrane: early closure with paper tape patching. AB - There is a difference of opinion about treating traumatic perforations of the tympanic membrane expectantly or with early surgery. Those who treat expectantly argue that most of the perforations will heal, given enough time. Those who argue for early closure note the occasional finding of middle ear damage, high closure rates, and faster healing. We present 50 consecutive traumatic perforations seen over a 3-year period and initially treated with paper tape patches (3M Micropore) applied in the office under local anesthesia. The success rate was 92%. Three of the four patients whose treatments failed, presented with a draining ear the night of patch placement, suggesting prior infection. All four failures were successfully treated with myringoplasties. Surprisingly, meticulous attention to aligning the perforation margins did not appear to affect the outcome. Healing usually occurred within 2 to 3 weeks. We contend that this method of treatment is quick, inexpensive, highly successful, identifies potential complications, is accepted by most patients, and promotes early healing. PMID- 3921914 TI - Micropuncture of the tympanic membrane after tympanoplasty. AB - Shortly after tympanoplasty the cause of conductive hearing loss may be difficult to ascertain. If the cause is related to poor eustachian tube function, early aeration of the middle ear should produce an immediate improvement in hearing. A procedure for aerating the middle ear consists of introducing 0.5 cc of air through the graft with a tuberculin syringe and an angled 1.25-inch, 27-gauge needle. Between 1978 and 1983, 75 patients, or 19% of those having tympanoplasties or mastoid tympanoplasties, underwent the micropuncture procedure. Forty-five patients had a hearing improvement after the procedure and there were no complications. It appears that micropuncture of the tympanic membrane is an easily performed, relatively painless, safe procedure after tympanoplasty. It is a useful diagnostic procedure that may also improve the ultimate results of tympanoplasty surgery. PMID- 3921915 TI - Tympanomastoid surgery: a technique for repairing posterior osseous canal wall defects with autologous temporalis fascia and bone pate. AB - A technique for repairing small to medium-sized defects in the osseous posterior superior canal resulting from pathologic or iatrogenic causes is described. Bone pate is harvested from the mastoid cortex by means of a simple collection technique. A sandwich graft composed of autologous temporalis fascia lined with bone pate is used to fill in the canal wall defect. This technique has been used successfully in 27 of 28 cases, with follow-up as long as 8 years. When fully healed, the bone graft has attained the texture and consistency of the normal osseous canal and, if necessary, can be curetted or drilled for reshaping during planned second-stage tympanomastoid surgery. The temporalis fascia/bone pate graft technique is simple, easy to learn, and has proven to be a reliable method for repairing the defects described. PMID- 3921916 TI - The earplug procedure. AB - In the measurement of hearing, a masking dilemma is a situation in which it is not possible to use masking to determine if the signal is crossing the head and activating the opposite cochlea. A nonmasking procedure, called the earplug procedure, was developed to rule out crossover for air-conducted signals in patients with a masking dilemma. In the procedure, an earplug is inserted in the suspect ear in an attempt to increase the loss in that ear. If the loss is increased significantly, then thresholds were obtained from the test ear and crossover is ruled out. If there was no significant threshold shift with the earplug, crossover is not ruled out and the uncertainty remains. Threshold shift criteria were developed for five test frequencies and for single test frequencies. The procedure correctly rules out crossover for a majority of unmaskable ears. PMID- 3921917 TI - Effects of noise exposure and hypercholesterolemia on auditory function in the New Zealand white rabbit. AB - An association between hypercholesterolemia and high-frequency hearing loss has been suggested previously. Most data have been epidemiologic, and only recently have experimental studies appeared supporting this observed association. It is unclear whether this hearing loss is related solely to hypercholesterolemia or if it is a consequence of cholesterol-induced vascular changes. The New Zealand White rabbit was used to study the auditory effects of noise, hypercholesterolemia, and the combination of both. Auditory function was evaluated with far-field monitoring of click-evoked auditory brain stem responses by comparing latency/intensity functions and absolute click-evoked thresholds. Hypercholesterolemia was maintained for only 3 weeks, theoretically eliminating atherosclerotic vascular changes as a mechanism contributing to observed changes. Auditory function was unchanged after 3 weeks of hypercholesterolemia. Also, the changes observed after noise exposure were comparable between the normal and the hypercholesterolemic groups. We conclude that if hypercholesterolemia contributes to high-frequency hearing loss, the pathophysiology is related to cholesterol induced vascular changes, not solely to hypercholesterolemia. PMID- 3921918 TI - Palatopharyngoplasty failure, cephalometric roentgenograms, and obstructive sleep apnea. AB - Nine patients with obstructive sleep apnea who underwent unsuccessful palatopharyngoplasty (PPP) as documented by polygraphic monitoring had abnormal cephalometric roentgenogram measurements. Findings indicated a small posterior airway space and inferiorly placed hyoid bone. Cephalometry performed with appropriate techniques to investigate soft tissue location should be obtained systematically in obstructive sleep apneic patients before any surgery is performed. The roentgenogram finding is a helpful guide in deciding whether PPP alone or PPP in combination with other surgical procedures would be more efficacious. PMID- 3921919 TI - Further evaluation of uvulopalatopharyngoplasty in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. AB - Since its introduction in 1981 uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) has become an alternative surgical approach to permanent tracheostomy in treating obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). However, the criteria for selecting candidates for this procedure are unclear and the prediction of a positive response remains an enigma. This article presents the experience with UPPPs performed on 35 patients who had moderate to severe OSA. Criteria for patient selection included apnea severity, cardiopulmonary sequelae, and clinical symptomatology. All but two patients demonstrated clinical improvement, although there was considerable variability in the degree of response. Patients were classified as good or poor responders on the basis of the severity index (SI), which represents the number of apneas and hypopneas per hour of sleep resulting in oxygen saturation below 85%. A greater than 50% improvement in the SI was considered a good response. Twenty-three patients (65.7%) were good responders and the remaining 12 (34.3%) were poor responders. The need for permanent tracheostomy was obviated in 16 of 32 patients presenting with disabling daytime sleepiness or severe cardiopulmonary sequelae. Therefore it appears that UPPP is useful for treating most OSA patients. PMID- 3921920 TI - Infralabyrinthine approach to skull-base lesions. AB - New surgical techniques have extended the head and neck surgeon's domain to include various skull-base lesions. The infralabyrinthine approach incorporates these techniques and can be used to resect benign and malignant tumors involving the base of the temporal bone. Lesions of the internal carotid artery near the carotid foramen are also readily accessible. The main surgical steps in the infralabyrinthine approach include (1) mastoidectomy, (2) anterior transposition of the facial nerve, (3) neck dissection, (4) removal of the lateral tympanic bone, (5) exposure of the jugular foramen, and (6) exposure of the intratemporal carotid artery. Details of the infralabyrinthine approach are illustrated by photographs of surgical and cadaver dissections. Examples of various lesions successfully treated by this technique are presented. The important surgical anatomy of the infralabyrinthine compartment of the skull base is reviewed, with particular attention paid to the internal carotid artery, which, like the facial nerve, demands an intimate familiarity on the part of the temporal bone surgeon. PMID- 3921921 TI - Midfacial Burkitt's lymphoma. PMID- 3921922 TI - Recurrent oncocytoma of the ethmoid sinus with orbital invasion. AB - A patient is presented with recurrent oncocytic tumor that arose from the lateral nasal wall and posterior ethmoid sinus and then invaded the orbit. The diagnosis of an oncocytic lesion was made from the masses of intracellular mitochondria noted on electron microscopy. The malignant character of the tumor was evident from its local aggressiveness. In agreement with earlier authors, we believe that oncocytic tumors of the nose and paranasal sinuses should be classified as low grade malignancies. PMID- 3921923 TI - Leiomyosarcoma of the nose and paranasal sinuses. PMID- 3921924 TI - Retropharyngeal fibrosarcoma following radiation therapy for Hodgkin's lymphoma of the neck. PMID- 3921925 TI - The new penicillins. PMID- 3921926 TI - Peg-tip fixation of Plasti-Pore TORP. AB - When inserted into a small hole drilled in the footplate, the peg-tipped Plasti Pore TORP has given good hearing gain, without complications in a small series of patients. PMID- 3921927 TI - Counterbalance system for the Zeiss operating microscope head. PMID- 3921928 TI - Use of a head mirror and bifocals simultaneously. PMID- 3921929 TI - Correction of cricothyroid muscle paralysis. PMID- 3921930 TI - Gliomas in neurofibromatosis: a series of 89 cases with evidence for enhanced malignancy in associated cerebellar astrocytomas. PMID- 3921931 TI - Total parenteral nutrition in children. AB - This article first focuses on the indications for total parenteral nutrition and the effect of its use on the outcome of various nutrient-depleting diseases in infants and children. This is followed by a discussion of some of the newer nutrient additions to total parenteral nutrition regimens, such as biotin, carnitine, zinc, copper, iron, and others. PMID- 3921932 TI - Tube feeding of infants and children. AB - Advances in tube feeding methods, equipment, and formulas have helped to make this form of nutritional support appropriate for and well tolerated by children with a wide variety of clinical problems. This article describes advances in the field of enteral feeding and discusses the management of common problems associated with this technique. PMID- 3921933 TI - Nutritional management of inflammatory bowel disease. AB - Malnutrition and growth failure are frequent complications of inflammatory bowel disease in childhood owing to inadequate dietary nutrient intakes, excessive intestinal losses, malabsorption, and increased nutrient requirements. Aggressive nutritional therapy is indicated for primary and supportive management of disease activity, drug nutrient interactives, individual nutrient abnormalities, and the overall complications of inflammatory bowel disease, malnutrition, and growth failure. The prevention of nutritional disorders in inflammatory bowel disease is accomplished by monitoring anthropometric and biochemical indices and by instituting appropriate enteral or parenteral nutritional therapy when indicated. PMID- 3921935 TI - Bladder diverticulum associated with ureteral obstruction. AB - A ureter entering a bladder diverticulum almost always has associated vesico ureteric reflux but rarely obstruction. We present the clinical and radiologic data on a patient with an ectopic ureteral insertion into a bladder diverticulum, with associated obstruction but not vesico-ureteric reflux. Periureteral fibrosis secondary to chronic inflammation is thought to be the underlying cause. PMID- 3921934 TI - A multicenter comparison of related pharmacologic features of cephalexin and dicloxacillin given for two months to young children with cystic fibrosis. AB - Twenty-one cystic fibrosis patients under 3 years of age were enrolled in an open multicenter study to assess the feasibility of the study design and to compare selected pharmacologic features of cephalexin or dicloxacillin administered orally for 2 months. Patient tolerance and compliance were significantly less for dicloxacillin (p less than .01 and p less than .001, respectively). Superficial Candida infections were more common in the cephalexin group (p = 0.02), however increased stool frequency and nonspecific diaper rashes were more prevalent in patients receiving dicloxacillin (p less than .05). Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from respiratory secretions after 2 months from two dicloxacillin and no cephalexin patients. Areas under the curve and peak serum concentrations were higher for cephalexin (p less than .05 and p = .02), but antistaphylococcal activity in serum was higher for dicloxacillin (p less than .05) due to a lower mean MIC compared to cephalexin. Deep pharyngeal plus routine throat culture yielded more pathogens than either method alone. Express mail and central processing of respiratory specimens was efficient for most organisms, however there was some loss of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae. Cephalexin was associated with better patient acceptance and compliance despite higher rates of superficial fungal infections as compared to dicloxacillin. Cephalexin, routine bacteriologic throat swabs processed locally or centrally, mail-in urine compliance assessment and a multicenter design are feasible components for a long-term prospective evaluation of antibiotic prophylaxis in patients with cystic fibrosis. PMID- 3921936 TI - Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva: current concepts and the role of CT in acute changes. AB - Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) may be treated with diphosphonate in an attempt to control the deposition of calcium phosphate. Amounts of calcium deposition may be assayed by plain radiographs and CT. In a sporadic case of FOP treated for 6 years with a diphosphonate (EHDP) we have analyzed the findings from CT. This modality presents a suitable means of monitoring response to new therapeutic agents, but CT also gives insights into the pathogenesis of the disorder. PMID- 3921937 TI - American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Nutrition: Nutritional needs of low birth-weight infants. PMID- 3921938 TI - Acetylcholine stimulates a Ca2+-dependent C1- conductance in mouse lacrimal acinar cells. AB - Patch-clamp whole-cell current recordings under voltage-clamp conditions were carried out on isolated mouse exorbital lacrimal acinar cells. Acetylcholine evoked outward current at a membrane potential of -20 mV whereas an inward current was observed at -80 mV. The outward current is due to the well-known calcium-activated K+ channels whereas the inward current was C1- dependent. The acetylcholine-evoked C1- current was abolished when the intracellular Ca2+ concentration was clamped at very low levels by a high intracellular EGTA concentration. Acetylcholine therefore activates a Ca2+-dependent C1-conductance in mouse lacrimal acinar cells. PMID- 3921939 TI - [Finnish experiences with treatment programs]. PMID- 3921940 TI - [Is DRG cost information something for the Scandinavian countries]. PMID- 3921941 TI - [Chronic lymphocytic leukemia, erythroblastopenia, thymolipoma]. AB - The association of B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia and pure red cell aplasia in a 42 year-old patient led to the discovery of a thymic enlargement. After six weeks treatment including steroids, cyclophosphamide and three courses of plasma exchange without improvement, surgical thymectomy was followed by a reticulocytosis and remission of the red cell aplasia. The tumor was a thymolipoma. Characteristics of this are thymic tumor, his connections with pure red cell aplasia and in vitro differentiation of erythroid progenitors are discussed. PMID- 3921942 TI - Health education. Cost-effective advice. PMID- 3921943 TI - Shifts in gonadotropin storage in cultured gonadotropes following GnRH stimulation, in vitro. AB - Stimulation of gonadotropes following castration or ovariectomy results in a shift in the gonadotrope population to cells that are mostly multihormonal. The purpose of these studies was to test this phenomenon, in vitro with the use of doublestains for LH and FSH applied to GnRH-stimulated gonadotropes. One-3 day monolayers were stimulated for 10 min-4 hr with 0.1 nM [D-Lys6] GnRH and then fixed and stained for both gonadotropins. After 60 min of stimulation, there was a significant increase in the proportion of gonadotropes that contained both hormones (from 57% to 74%) with a corresponding decrease in the proportion of cells that contained only one gonadotropin. There was no significant increase in the overall percentage of gonadotropes in the cell population indicating that the shift had probably occurred as a result of stimulation of the monohormonal gonadotropes to produce the other hormone. In addition, some of the stimulated gonadotropes showed the development of processes, some of which stained for only one of the gonadotropins. These data suggest that most gonadotropes may have the capacity to produce and store both hormones but they may perform these functions in separate regions of the same cell. PMID- 3921944 TI - Gastric erosions induced by intracisternal thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) in rats. AB - Intracisternal injection of TRH (1 microgram) under light ether anesthesia induced within 4 hr gastric lesions in 24-hr fasted rats maintained unrestrained at room temperature. Saline, ovine corticotropin-releasing factor (oCRF, 10 micrograms), or human pancreatic growth hormone-releasing factor [hpGRF(1-40), 10 micrograms] tested under the same conditions did not modify the integrity of the gastric mucosa. TRH injected intravenously (100 micrograms/kg) proved to be ineffective. The production of gastric erosions elicited by intracisternal TRH (0.1-1 microgram) or by a stabilized TRH analog, RX 77368 [pGlu-His-(3,3' dimethyl)-ProNH2, (0.01-0.1 microgram)] was dose-dependent. RX 77368 shows an enhanced potency over TRH. TRH action on gastric mucosa was reversed by atropine, omeprazole and cimetidine. These results demonstrate that TRH, unlike the other hypothalamic releasing factors CRF or GRF, is able to act within the brain to cause the formation of gastric erosions probably through mechanisms involving changes in gastric acid secretion. Intracisternal injection of TRH or its potent analog RX 77368 appears also as a new, simple method to produce centrally mediated experimental gastric erosions in 24 hr-fasted rats. PMID- 3921945 TI - Insulin infusion therapy. Potential benefits and risks. AB - A mass of evidence favors the concept of euglycemic management of insulin dependent diabetes, despite significant potential complications. Patients with advanced nephropathy and/or autonomic neuropathy are very poor risks, and infusion therapy does not reverse well-established complications. To well motivated, educated patients, infusion therapy offers the conveniences of more flexible timing of meals and of having a premeal bolus infusion rather than a premeal injection. With improvement in the technology of continuous glucose monitoring and closed-loop systems, as well as basic improvements in immunologic techniques for islet transplantation, the future may offer a choice of excellent euglycemic therapies for insulin-dependent diabetes. Meanwhile, infusion therapy, which was once only a research tool, is now widely available and is appropriate for near-euglycemic management of diabetes in selected patients. PMID- 3921946 TI - Pressure ulcers. What to do if preventive management fails. AB - Tissue breakdown is a direct response to external pressure, friction, or shear. The key to management of pressure ulcers is prevention. With good nursing care, as well as education of medical personnel, the patient, and family members, such lesions should rarely occur. The axioms of treatment are to remove all pressure, debride necrotic tissue, keep the ulcer clean, and prevent further injury. There is only empirical evidence attesting to the effectiveness of the various dressings and physical and topical agents used in treatment. Most pressure ulcers can be classified as grade I or II and healed by conservative measures; however, the process can be very time-consuming. Surgery is warranted for some grade III and all grade IV and V pressure ulcers and for potential complications, such as fistulas. PMID- 3921947 TI - Hypernatraemic dehydration and necrotizing enterocolitis. AB - Severe hypernatraemic dehydration developed over the first twelve days of life in a breastfed infant girl. Upon oral rehydration with formula milk, no acute neurological problems arose, but she subsequently developed necrotizing enterocolitis. Intravenous rehydration may be preferred to the oral route in such infants. PMID- 3921948 TI - Confusion and paranoia associated with oral tocainide. AB - Two middle aged female patients developed hallucinations and severe confusion with paranoid features during oral tocainide administration at recommended dosage levels. Both patients had evidence of impaired renal function. Symptoms were provoked on re-challenge in the first patient. In the second patient the tocainide blood level was higher than the recommended therapeutic range. Both patients reverted to their normal mental state on withdrawal of the drug. PMID- 3921949 TI - Lack of a cephalic phase of gastric secretion in chickens. AB - Cannulae were surgically implanted in the caudoventral margin of the glandular stomach of 10 Single Comb White Leghorn hens to permit collection of gastric secretions. A total of 44 experiments was performed. The hens were fasted for 24 hr after which secretions were collected separately for three 20-min periods with 1) no food in sight, 2) food in sight but unavailable, and 3) food available. The volume, pH, and pepsin content of the secretions were not significantly changed between Periods 1 and 2, indicating no cephalic phase of gastric secretion. Secretory activity was significantly different between Periods 2 and 3, demonstrating the presence of a gastric phase of gastric secretion. PMID- 3921950 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of mucopolysaccharidosis I: A special difficulty arising from an unusually low enzyme activity in mother's cells. AB - We investigated a case (I.I.) of the severe form of mucopolysaccharidosis I (Hurler syndrome). Prenatal diagnosis was requested by the parents and the next pregnancy was monitored. We report here a special difficulty arising in this diagnosis due to the low enzyme activity in the mother's cells (10-15 per cent of controls) as well as in amniotic cells and would like to stress the need for studying the index case as well as the parents' enzyme activities in order to be prepared for possible difficulties at prenatal analysis. PMID- 3921951 TI - [Enzymatic synthesis of 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-L-alanine by free and immobilized Citrobacter freundii cells]. AB - The Citrobacter freundii 62 cells immobilized in PAAG and possessing the tyrosine phenol-lyase (TPL) activity catalyse the synthesis of 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-L alanine (DOPA) from pyrocatechol and ammonium pyruvate. The synthesis of DOPA was studied using both free and immobilized bacterial cells. When the concentration of pyrocatechol is over 0.1 M the TPL activity of the cells is inhibited. The concentration of pyrocatechol can be increased up to 0.3 M by using an equimolar mixture of pyrocatechol and boric acid. The addition of ascorbic acid as an antioxidant results in a lower TPL activity of both free and immobilized bacterial cells. PMID- 3921952 TI - [Production and properties of an immobilized enzyme preparation with peptidase activity]. AB - A heterogeneous multienzyme preparation with the peptidase activity, isolated from the cells of Pseudomonadacea bacteria, was immobilized on alumina. The specific activity of the immobilized enzyme complex is not a simple function of the bound protein quantity, but depends on immobilization conditions. An additional glutaraldehyde treatment results in higher thermostability of the immobilized enzyme preparation. The substrate specificity of the preparation retains after immobilization, and it becomes less sensitive to pH changes. PMID- 3921953 TI - [Properties of the phospholipases C from Bacillus cereus]. AB - Three different phospholipases C--the so-called phospholipase C which hydrolyses phosphatidylcholine (Pch-PLC), sphingomyelinase (SM-PLC) and phosphatidylinositol hydrolysing phospholipase C (PI-PLC)--were separated from the culture filtrate of Bacillus cereus using column chromatography on DEAE-sephadex A-50. The pI values were estimated to be 5.0 +/- 0.3 for PI-PLC and 5.3 +/- 0.2 for SM-PLC. The effect of some bivalent cations was studied. Metal ions had no effect on the activity of PI-PLC, whereas Mg2+ and Co2+ in concentrations from 1 to 5 mM highly activated SM-PLC. Mg2+ failed to activate PCh-PLC, and Co2+ even inhibited it. EDTA of o-phenantroline had a rather inhibitory effect on Pch-PLC, but they almost did not affect SM-PLC. PMID- 3921954 TI - [New functional test using the antiandrogen niftolid for studying the gonadotropic reserves of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal system]. AB - A study was made of a possibility to use a nonsteroidal antiandrogen flutamide to investigate the gonadotropic reserves of the hypothalamo-hypophysial system. In healthy males aged 12 to 36, the intake of flutamide tablets at a dose of 10 mg/kg bw for 3 or 5 days was accompanied by an increase in the LH excretion and general gonadotropic activity in the daily urine by 1.5-2 times and more. An elevation of the gonadotrophin level in morning urine portions was less noticeable. The LH level in the blood plasma did not change, that of FSH and testosterone increased but in certain age groups. For purposes of functional diagnosis it was suggested that the gonadotrophin level in the daily urine should be studied prior to and after 3- or 5-day of flutamide intake. PMID- 3921955 TI - [Synthetic tripeptide miniluliberin and its biological activity]. AB - The effects of the synthetic decapeptide LH-RH and tripeptide mini LH-RH on LH and FSH secretion were compared. Experiments on ovariectomized female rats receiving estradiol benzoate and progesterone showed that i. v. administration of mini LH-RH produced a stimulating effect on the release of gonadotrophins from the hypophysis. The effects of mini LH-RH were incomparable to those of LH-RH. PMID- 3921956 TI - [Ca2+ participation on the outer surface of the apical membrane of the bladder epithelial cells in the frog in the reaction to antidiuretic hormone]. AB - The ADH effect on the osmotic permeability was studied in experiments on isolated frog urinary bladders. The absence of Ca2+ in the hypotonic solution on the side of the bladder mucous membrane and an increase of its concentration from 0.23 to 11.7 mM/1 did not change the response to the ADH. The removal of Ca2+ from the apical membrane after adding 10(-3) M of EGTA to the mucous membrane solution resulted in an abrupt decrease of cell capabilities to react to the ADH. Ca channel blockers (verapamil, cobalt and nickel ions in 10(-4) M) in the apical plasmic membrane solution lovered the cell response to the ADH. The data obtained indicate that the presence of Ca2+ on the outer surface of the apical plasmic membrane is necessary for the ADH action. PMID- 3921957 TI - [Effect of thyroliberin on pancreatic islet cell function in rats]. AB - A study was made of the TRH effect on insulin and glucagon secretory function of a 4-day neonatal rat pancreatic islet cell culture. The TRH effect was determined in the range of 10-1000 ng/ml concentrations within 30 min and 3 h of cell cultivation with the hormone. TRH stimulated insulin and glucagon secretion within the range of the above doses. No dose dependence was revealed in the TRH stimulation of insulin and glucagon secretion. The data obtained suggest that TRH produces an direct effect on islet cell function stimulating insulin and glucagon secretion. PMID- 3921958 TI - [Cytological and insulin-producing characteristics of cultures of pancreatic islet cells from newborn piglets]. AB - The paper is concerned with the characteristics of morphological changes and insulin producing activity of neonatal pig islet cell initial cultures in health and in different glucose concentrations. The investigated cultures preserve morphological and functional differentiation within 4-5 weeks of growth. Insulin biosynthesis and secretion are raised by glucose injection at a dose of 300 mg%. An increase in the dose up to 600 mg% results in the suppression of insulocyte functional activity. The obtained cultures can be used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. PMID- 3921959 TI - Immune function and renal transplantation in Fabry's disease. AB - A deficient leucocyte immunological function could cause the reported high rate of lethal infections following renal transplantation in patients affected by Fabry's disease. We have studied humoral immunity, peripheral lymphocyte subsets, mitogenic lymphocyte response in vitro and granulocyte function in three patients with Fabry's disease. The immunological state appears to be quite similar to that of the uraemic population in general, not showing any specific impairment. PMID- 3921960 TI - Cyclosporine nephropathy after heart and heart-lung transplantation. AB - Cyclosporine nephrotoxicity after heart transplantation can lead to acute renal failure requiring haemodialysis. In four long-term heart-transplant survivors, cyclosporine nephropathy was characterised by extensive fibrosis, with uraemia, hypertension and/or anaemia. In contrast, the long-term survivor of heart-lung transplantation who had received her graft for accelerated respiratory failure, did not develop chronic renal disease. Thus, chronically reduced renal perfusion before heart transplantation may play a critical role in the development of chronic cyclosporine nephropathy. PMID- 3921961 TI - Pattern analysis of 5S rRNA. AB - Some 200 different 5S rRNA sequences from eubacteria, chloroplasts, mitochondria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes were analyzed for evolutionary kinship relationships and associated sequential features. Group-specific occupation schemes for the 149 positions of an overall alignment were established. Eubacterial, archaebacterial, and intermediate occupation schemes all yield a strongly biased base triplet pattern in one of the three possible reading frames strongest for eubacterial, chloroplastic, and archaebacterial, but still detectable for mitochondrial and eukaryotic cytoplasmic sequences. The frequency of triplets decays in the order RNY greater than RNR greater than YNY greater than YNR; R being a purine (guanine or adenine), Y is a pyrimidine (cytosine or uracil), and N is any base. A strong preference for guanine or cytosine was found in all triplet positions. The effects show no exceptions and are clearly above the level of statistical fluctuations. PMID- 3921962 TI - An unusual genetic code in nuclear genes of Tetrahymena. AB - We have cloned and partially sequenced two histone H3 genes of Tetrahymena thermophila. The DNA sequences strongly suggest that both genes are active in the vegetatively growing cell. Comparison of the derived amino acid sequences of these two genes with the actual sequence of Tetrahymena histone H3 results in the surprising conclusion that TAA codes for glutamine. This represents the first demonstration of a coding function for this termination codon of the "universal" code. This observation has important implications for the evolution of ciliates and of the genetic code. PMID- 3921963 TI - Nucleotide sequences of the sporulation gene spo0A and its mutant genes of Bacillus subtilis. AB - We have determined the nucleotide sequence of a 2375-base-pair DNA fragment, which contained the sporulation gene spo0A cloned from Bacillus subtilis. The sequence had only one long open reading frame consisting of 239 codons, which was found to correspond to the spo0A gene by comparing the nucleotide sequence of the wild-type gene with those of the mutant alleles. The calculated molecular weight of the product of the wild-type spo0A gene was 26,500. We found also a new mutation, sgi, which maps within the spo0A gene. This mutation relieves the growth inhibition of the host cells caused by a multicopy plasmid carrying the spo0A gene. The mutations spo0A12, spo0C9V, and sgi-1 were found to be an amber mutation at the 62nd codon, a missense at the 229th codon, and a frame-shift at the 223rd codon of the spo0A gene, respectively. PMID- 3921964 TI - Nucleotide sequence and organization of the mouse adenine phosphoribosyltransferase gene: presence of a coding region common to animal and bacterial phosphoribosyltransferases that has a variable intron/exon arrangement. AB - We have determined the nucleotide sequence of a functional mouse adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) gene and its cDNA. The amino acid sequence of the enzyme is deduced from an open reading frame in the cDNA and predicts a protein with a molecular weight of 19,560. The protein coding region of the gene is approximately 2 kilobases, and it is composed of five exons and four introns. While the body of the gene is 53% G + C, the 200 nucleotides upstream from the ATG translation start codon are 66% G + C and contain three copies of the sequence C-C-G-C-C-C. The mouse APRT enzyme shares a homologous 20-amino acid sequence with mouse, hamster, and human hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferases (HPRTs) and several bacterial phosphoribosyltransferases. This sequence has previously been shown to be a likely catalytic domain in human HPRT and Escherichia coli glutamine phosphoribosyltransferase. Because of the similarities in function of these proteins, both eukaryotic and prokaryotic, it is not unexpected that they should exhibit one or more regions of homology, particularly at the 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate and purine binding sites, especially if they are related via a common evolutionary lineage. This homologous sequence is interrupted by a single intron in the mouse APRT gene and by two introns in the mouse HPRT gene. Furthermore, the positions of both introns in the HPRT sequence are different from that of the single intron in the corresponding sequence of the APRT gene. PMID- 3921965 TI - Preferential binding of benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide to the linker DNA of human foreskin fibroblasts in S phase in the presence of benzamide. AB - Addition of benzamide (BZ) at the onset of S phase inhibited expression of the neoplastic phenotype in human foreskin fibroblasts treated in vitro with (+/-)-7 alpha,8 beta-dihydroxy-9 beta,10 beta-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P diol epoxide) in early S phase. Analysis of the specific B[a]P diol epoxide-DNA adducts revealed that ca. 65% of the total adducts in BZ and non-BZ carcinogen-treated cells was the B[a]P diol epoxide-deoxyguanine adduct. Limited micrococcal nuclease digestion of the early S phase nuclei from cells treated with B[a]P diol epoxide indicated that the carcinogen binds equally to linker and core DNA. However, when the cells were predominantly in S phase, in the presence of BZ, there was ca. three times more binding of B[a]P diol epoxide to the linker DNA compared to the core region. The confluent cells in G1 cell arrest treated only with B[a]P diol epoxide also bound the carcinogen preferentially to the linker region. These data indicate that pretreatment of the cells with BZ at the onset of S phase established a preferential binding pattern in the linker DNA similar to that observed in the cells treated with B[alpha]P diol epoxide in G1 arrest. PMID- 3921966 TI - "Exon-shuffling" maps control of antibody- and T-cell-recognition sites to the NH2-terminal domain of the class II major histocompatibility polypeptide A beta. AB - To investigate the role of the highly polymorphic amino-terminal (beta 1) domain of the class II major histocompatibility polypeptide A beta during recognition by T cells and antibodies, "exon-shuffling" was carried out between genomic recombinant DNA clones of Ak beta and Ad beta to generate a hybrid gene containing Ak beta exons for the amino-terminal domain followed by the Ad beta exons for the remainder of the molecule. L-cell gene transfectants expressing this hybrid A beta gene in combination with Ak alpha were compared to L cells expressing wild-type Ak beta Ak alpha dimers in tests of antigen-presentation to T-cell clones and hybridomas and for staining by a panel of anti-I-Ak-specific monoclonal antibodies. These antibodies were also tested for their reactivity with a B-lymphoma transfectant expressing Ak beta in the absence of Ak alpha. The results showed no qualitative differences in either T-cell or antibody-mediated recognition of I-Ak molecules containing either the exon-shuffled or wildtype Ak beta. Together with the data involving the B cell transfectant expressing only Ak beta, these results map control of the A beta contribution to the immunologically relevant determinants of I-Ak to the highly polymorphic amino-terminal domain and indicate little, if any, contribution to allele-specific recognition by amino acid sequence variations in the remaining portions of the A beta polypeptide. PMID- 3921967 TI - Antigen-binding specificities of antibodies are primarily determined by seven residues of VH. AB - Although the antigen-binding pocket of all antibodies consists of VL + VH dimers (where VL and VH represent immunoglobulin light and heavy chain regions, respectively), subgroups of their VH largely determine their antigen-binding specificities. This VH subgroup dependence automatically relegates subsidiary roles to VL as a whole and to the complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR-3) of VH encoded by independent diversity (D) and joining (J) coding segments in determining antigen-binding specificities of individual antibodies. As a sequel to our previous paper, which emphasized the role conserved residues in CDR-1 and CDR-2 of VH play in general shaping of the primordial antigen-binding cavity, here we propose that the three short clusters of amino acid sequences in CDR-1 and CDR-2 that are placed in the immediate vicinity of the tryptophan loop primarily determine subgroup-dependent antigen preference of individual VH, therefore, antibodies. The three clusters are the 31st to 35th positions of CDR-1 and the 50th to 52nd and 58th to 60th positions of CDR-2. Of those, the 32nd, 34th, 51st, and 59th positions tend to be occupied by tyrosine, methionine, isoleucine, and tyrosine, respectively. Nevertheless, free amino acid substitutions at the remaining seven sites can generate 20(7) or 1.28 X 10(9) varieties of amino acid sequence combinations. Some of these astronomically numerous sequence combinations no doubt contribute to the maintenance of the vast repertoire of antigen-combining diversity, which might be as large as 10(7), whereas others serve to vary binding affinities toward the same antigen. Ironically, but not surprisingly, a single nonconservative amino acid substitution at one of these sites often suffices to change the antigen preference of VH from one to another, whereas more substitutions affecting two or more clusters are apparently required to change the binding affinity toward the same antigen. In the case of mouse anti-p-azophenylarsonate antibodies, the principle of VH subgroup dependence is violated, their VH belonging to either subgroup 1 or 3. It appears that the mouse genome lacks anti-p-azophenylarsonate germ line VH, residues of CDR-3 derived from one particular JH coding segment coming to rescue to cope with this unnatural man-made antigen. PMID- 3921968 TI - In vitro studies of 2,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine, a prodrug targeted against malignant melanoma cells. AB - We have evaluated the chemotherapeutic potential of 2,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine, a targeted prodrug that can be hydroxylated by tyrosinase (monophenol monooxygenase, EC 1.14.18.1) within melanoma cells to form the cellular toxin 2,4,5-trihydroxyphenylalanine (6-hydroxydopa). 2,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine proved to be cytotoxic to both B-16 and Cloudman melanoma cells in vitro. The immediate effects of 2,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine included inhibition of DNA, RNA, and protein syntheses. In contrast, no decrease in macromolecular synthesis or viability was seen against cultures of MJY-alpha mammary tumor or L-1210 leukemia, two cell types that do not contain tyrosinase. Within the melanoma cultures, greater cytotoxicity was seen against melanotic (tyrosinase-containing) cells than against amelanotic (tyrosinase-lacking) cells. The cytotoxicity of 2,4 dihydroxyphenylalanine was blocked by 1-phenylthiourea, an inhibitor of tyrosinase. These results show that 2,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine is toxic to melanoma cells and that activation of 2,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine requires the presence of tyrosinase. PMID- 3921969 TI - Levels of human and rat hypothalamic growth hormone-releasing factor as determined by specific radioimmunoassay systems. AB - Polyclonal antibodies to synthetic human pancreatic growth hormone-releasing factor [hpGRF(1-44)NH2] and rat hypothalamic growth hormone-releasing factor [rhGRF(1-43)OH] were produced in rabbits by injecting these weak immunogens, coupled to thyroglobulin and emulsified with complete Freund's adjuvant in the presence of activated charcoal, directly into the spleen. A subsequent booster injection by the conventional intramuscular route resulted in high-titer antibodies, which at a 1:20,000 dilution were used to develop highly sensitive and specific radioimmunoassays for these peptides. By using antibodies with an apparent Ka of 3.3 X 10(-12) (human) and 7.7 X 10(-11) (rat), the sensitivity of these assays in both human and rat was found to be less than 1 fmol. The antibody to hpGRF(1-44)NH2 is directed against the COOH-terminal region of the molecule, as shown by its crossreactivity with various hpGRF analogues: 140% with hpGRF(30 44)NH2; 1%-2% with hpGRF(1-37)OH, hpGRF(1-40)OH, and hpGRF(1-40)NH2; and none with hpGRF(1-29)NH2. Serial dilutions of human and rat hypothalamic extracts demonstrated parallelism with the corresponding species-specific standard and 125I-labeled tracer. There was no crossreactivity with other neuropeptides, gastrointestinal peptides, or hypothalamic extracts of other species. The hypothalamic content in fmol/mg (wet weight) of tissue was 3.6 +/- 0.2 for the human and 11.1 +/- 5.5 for the rat. Age-related changes in hypothalamic GRF content were present in rats, with a gradual increase from 2 to 16 weeks and a correlation between increasing body weight and GRF content. These radioimmunoassays will serve as important tools for understanding the regulation of growth hormone secretion in both human and rat. PMID- 3921970 TI - Distribution of UDPglucuronosyltransferase in rat tissue. AB - UDPglucuronosyltransferase [UDPglucuronate beta-D-glucuronosyltransferase (acceptor-unspecific), EC 2.4.1.17] is a group of enzymes with distinct but partially overlapping substrate specificity. A rabbit antiserum raised against one purified rat liver UDPglycuronosyltransferase isoform was specific for UDPglucuronosyltransferase and recognized all transferase isoforms by immunodiffusion or immunotransblot analysis. The transferase activity toward all substrates was immunoabsorbed from solubilized rat liver microsomes by IgG purified from the antiserum. The purified IgG was used for immunocytochemical localization of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase in rat liver, jejunum, kidney, and adrenal gland. In the liver, UDPglucuronosyltransferase was present exclusively in hepatocytes and was uniformly distributed within all zones of the hepatic lobule. In the jejunum, the transferase was present exclusively in the epithelial cells and showed a progressive increase in concentration from the crypt to the villar tip. In the kidney, the greatest concentration of the transferase was observed in the epithelial cells of the proximal convoluted tubule. Adrenal medullary cells showed intense immunocytochemical staining; the zona glomerulosa and the zona reticularis of the adrenal cortex were more intensely stained than the zona fasciculata. By light microscopy, UDPglucuronosyltransferase was found in the endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear envelope of all the four organs; this was confirmed in the hepatocyte by electron microscopy. The transferase was not observed in mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, peroxisomes, and plasma membrane, even after 3- to 4-fold induction of various substrate-specific UDPglucuronosyltransferase activities. PMID- 3921971 TI - Polychlorinated biphenyl uptake and transport by lymph and plasma components. AB - The uptake and vascular transport of ingested Aroclor 1242, an isomeric mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), was investigated in experimental animals. High concentrations of ingested PCB were found in the chylomicron fraction of thoracic duct lymph. When the lymph flow was exteriorized PCB were not subsequently found in the vascular circulation. When lymph was not exteriorized plasma PCB concentrations reached maximal levels 6 hr after ingestion. Less than 1% of total plasma PCB was detected in cellular fractions of blood over a 10-hr period following ingestion. Chylomicrons contained 31% of total plasma PCB 30 min after ingestion, decreasing to less than 6% at 4 hr. A maximum of 10% of plasma PCB at 1 hr, and less than 5% at 6 hr, after ingestion was associated with very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) or low density lipoproteins (LDL). Although PCB enter the vascular circulation with the chylomicron fractions of lymph, delipoproteinated plasma contained 52% of the total PCB in blood collected 30 min after ingestion. This level increased to 78% after 2 hr, and remained constant at about 80% for an additional 8-hr period. High performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) examinations of delipoproteinated plasma from blood taken 6 hr after PCB ingestion showed elution of greater than 95% of plasma PCB to coincide with the albumin peak. Electrophoretic examinations of delipoproteinated plasma showed the association of PCB with albumin to be noncovalent. The results suggest that apolar PCB are absorbed into intestinal epithelial cells from which they are secreted into the lymphatic drainage sequestered within the apolar core of chylomicrons, that these PCB transit the thoracic duct and enter the vascular circulation within chylomicrons and are metabolized or otherwise released from chylomicrons during hepatic chylomicron clearance, and that resulting PCB or PCB derivatives circulate in association with plasma albumins. PMID- 3921973 TI - Possible negative ultra-short loop feedback of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) in the ovariectomized rat. AB - To determine if LHRH might act within the brain to modify its own release, repeated blood samples were removed from conscious ovariectomized rats and minute doses of LHRH were injected into the third ventricle (3V). The effect of these injections on plasma LH and FSH was measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). The higher dose of intraventricular LHRH (10 ng in 2 microliter) induced an increase in plasma LH within 10 min after its injection. Plasma LH decreased for the next 60 min. This was followed by restoration of LH pulses characteristic of the ovariectomized rat. This dose of LHRH slightly elevated plasma FSH concentrations. In stark contrast, a 10 fold lower dose of 1 ng of LHRH injected into the ventricle resulted in a highly significant decrease of plasma LH at 10 min following injection, followed by return of LH pulsations. There was no effect on the pulsatile release of FSH. The results are interpreted to mean that at the higher dose, sufficient LHRH reached the site of origin of the hypophyseal portal vessels in the median eminence so that it diffused into portal vessels and was delivered to the gonadotrophs to induce LH release. In contrast, the lower dose provided sufficient hypothalamic concentrations of the peptide to suppress the discharge of the LHRH neurons, thereby leading to a decline in plasma LH, indicative of an ultrashort-loop negative feedback of LHRH to suppress its own release. PMID- 3921972 TI - Alterations in follicular fluid steroids and follicular hCG and FSH binding during atresia in hamster. AB - Preovulatory follicles from hamsters treated on proestrus for 1-3 days with phenobarbital sodium exhibited early signs of atresia after 2-3 days of ovulatory delay. A significant increase in follicular fluid progesterone was evident by Day 1 of delay. Concentrations of androstenedione in follicular fluid were unaffected by ovulatory delay. Follicular fluid levels of estradiol in delayed follicles were either higher than proestrous values after 1 day of delay or lower after 2 and 3 days of delay. hCG binding was slightly higher than proestrous controls after ovulatory delay whereas FSH binding was significantly lower than controls after 2 and 3 days of ovulatory delay. These results indicate that in the barbiturate-treated hamster the elevated follicular fluid levels of progesterone precede by 1-2 days the previously reported increase in steroidogenic capability of delayed follicles to produce progesterone in vitro; this correlated with an increase in the ratio of hCG:FSH binding and this was mostly due to a decrease in FSH binding to whole follicles. PMID- 3921974 TI - Central inhibitory action of TRH on prolactin secretion in the rat. AB - Intravenous (iv) injection of FK33-824 [( D-Ala2, MePhe4, Met-(O)5-ol] enkephalin, 8 and 16 nmole/100 g body wt), a potent Met5-enkephalin analog, and domperidone (1.2, 2.4, and 24 nmole/100 g body wt), a dopamine antagonist, resulted in a dose-related increase in plasma prolactin (PRL) levels in urethane anesthetized male rats. PRL release induced by FK33-824 (16 nmole/100 g body wt, iv) was inhibited by intraventricular (icv) injection of TRH (0.6 nmole/rat). DN 1417 (gamma-butyrolactone-gamma-carbonyl-histidyl-prolinamide citrate, 0.6 nmole/rat, icv), a TRH analog, also blunted PRL release induced by FK33-824. PRL release induced by a smaller dose of domperidone (1.2 nmole/100 g body wt, iv) was blunted by TRH and DN-1417, whereas both peptides failed to suppress elevated PRL levels induced by larger doses of domperidone. These results suggest that TRH not only stimulates PRL secretion by acting directly at the pituitary, but has an inhibitory action on PRL release through activation of the central dopaminergic mechanism. PMID- 3921975 TI - Cerebral intraventricular 6-hydroxydopamine prevents vascular changes in the mineralocorticoid hypertensive rat. AB - The effect of cerebral intraventricular administration of 6-hydroxydopamine (6 OHDA) on blood pressure and vascular smooth muscle responsiveness in deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-treated rats was assessed. Rats treated with 6 OHDA and DOCA had significantly lower systolic blood pressures (142 +/- 8 mm Hg) than rats treated with DOCA alone (185 +/- 5 mm Hg). After 5 weeks of DOCA treatment, femoral arteries and aortae were excised from these rats, cut helically into strips, and placed in a muscle bath to record isometric force. Dose-response curves to serotonin were shifted to the left in femoral arteries from DOCA-treated rats compared to both control and 6-OHDA-DOCA-treated rats (ED50: DOCA = 6.8 X 10(-8) M, control = 27.9 X 10(-8) M, 6-OHDA-DOCA = 13.4 X 10( 8) M). Arachidonic acid, the prostaglandin precursor, produced greater maximal contractions in femoral artery strips of DOCA-treated rats (358 +/- 56 mg) than in those from controls (115 +/- 31 mg). The maximal response to arachidonic acid in arteries from 6-OHDA-DOCA rats (203 +/- 78 mg) was not different from control values. Ouabain produced a greater maximal response in aortic strips from DOCA rats (658 +/- 165 mg) compared to those from control (196 +/- 72 mg) or 6-OHDA DOCA (309 +/- 87 mg) rats. We conclude that increased vascular responsiveness to serotonin, arachidonic acid, and ouabain in DOCA hypertensive rats is secondary to a central action of the mineralocorticoid. PMID- 3921976 TI - Cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase modulators in lung reactivity. U.S.-Italy symposium, Milan, April 5-6, 1984. PMID- 3921977 TI - Arachidonic acid metabolites as mediators of lung injury during intravascular complement activation. PMID- 3921978 TI - Pulmonary dysfunction caused by diffuse lung inflammation. Roles of metabolites of arachidonic acid. AB - Gram-negative endotoxemia in chronically instrumented sheep causes diffuse lung inflammation. Pathophysiologic responses of the lung include marked changes in lung mechanics, pulmonary vasoconstriction, increased lung vascular permeability, and capillary endothelial injury. Over the course of the response to endotoxemia, cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase products of arachidonic acid are released into lung lymph and the time course of the two classes of compounds is different. Thromboxane concentrations in lung lymph increase early, coincident with the most marked changes in lung mechanics and the most severe pulmonary hypertension. Concentrations of a prostacyclin metabolite also increase during this early phase of the endotoxin response but peak levels in lung lymph appear slightly later than that for thromboxane. Concentrations of these cyclooxygenase products subside as the later phase of increased vascular permeability develops. Lung lymph concentrations of two lipoxygenase products, 5- and 12-HETE, increase late in the endotoxin reaction, approximately coincident with physiologic evidence of increased lung vascular permeability. Neutrophil chemotactic activity appears in lung lymph early after endotoxin infusion and persists for several hours. Drugs which inhibit cyclooxygenase attenuate the early changes in lung mechanics and the early pulmonary hypertension after endotoxemia, but do not prevent the late phase increase in vascular permeability, suggesting that the net effect of endogenous generation of cyclooxygenase products explains the early constrictor phase of the reaction, but not the later capillary injury. However, neutrophil depletion prevents the early changes in lung mechanics without preventing the coincident pulmonary hypertension or the increase in lung lymph thromboxane concentrations which may indicate that the cell source of constrictor cyclooxygenase products mediating changes in lung mechanics is different than that for products causing pulmonary vasoconstriction. The specific role of prostacyclin in the lungs' response to endotoxemia is not clear. The temporal course of prostacyclin release suggests that it may play a role in moderating the pulmonary hypertension and changes in lung mechanics. The fact that neutrophil depletion, corticosteroids, and the antioxidant n-acetylcysteine diminish both the endotoxin-induced increase in lung vascular permeability and lung prostacyclin release may indicate that the release of prostacyclin is a response to endothelial injury.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3921979 TI - Chemical mediators and the human heart. PMID- 3921980 TI - Radiation-induced alterations in cyclooxygenase product synthesis by isolated perfused rat lungs. PMID- 3921981 TI - Improper interpretation of data concerning teratogenicity: a case report. PMID- 3921982 TI - Current status of drugs as teratogens in man. AB - The facts demonstrate conclusively that ingestion of certain drugs during pregnancy can induce adverse effects in the unborn child. However, few new teratogens or epidemics of birth defects have been identified since the thalidomide disaster, which attests both to effective laboratory testing of drugs in animals prior to clinical use and the extensive surveillance of use of new therapeutic agents in women during pregnancy. It is clear that these practices should continue in order to protect the pregnant woman and her conceptus, and benefits and risks should be carefully weighed before administration of a drug during pregnancy. PMID- 3921983 TI - Restorative growth and its problems for morphogenesis. PMID- 3921984 TI - Stereoselectivity of benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxides by DNA for adduct formation with N2 on guanine. PMID- 3921985 TI - Sequence specific and stereoselective covalent binding of trans-7,8-dihydroxy anti-9,10-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene to DNA. PMID- 3921986 TI - HLA-A,B,C and beta 2-microglobulin are expressed weakly by human cells of neuronal origin, but can be induced in neuroblastoma cell lines by interferon. PMID- 3921987 TI - Transdermal therapeutic systems (Part 2). PMID- 3921988 TI - Metabolism of [1-14C]-arachidonic acid by cultured calf aortic endothelial cells: evidence for the presence of a lipoxygenase pathway. AB - Intact cultured calf aortic endothelial cells from a 10th-14th subculture rapidly metabolize exogenous [1-14C]-arachidonic acid by three different routes: i) incorporation into triglycerides and phosphilipids in a ratio of about 2:1, ii) formation of lipoxygenase metabolites (12-hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid) and iii) formation of cyclooxygenase metabolites (6-keto-PG F1 alpha and PG F2 alpha). From analyses by thin-layer chromatography and high-pressure liquid chromatography it was established that the main lipoxygenase metabolites in intact cells are 12-hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid and a compound proposed to be (a) dihydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid(s). In frozen and thawed cells the incorporation of arachidonic acid into cellular lipids is abolished, whereas the lipoxygenase pathway is strongly enhanced. Under these conditions the cells produce predominantly 15-hydroxy-5,8,11,13-eicosatetraenoic acid in addition to 12-hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid. The formation of lipoxygenase products was inhibited by heating the cells or by preincubation with nordihydroguaiaretic acid or BW 755 degrees C, whereas indomethacin was without effect. The formation of 12-hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid by intact cells was inhibited by 5,8,11-eicosatriynoic acid. Indomethacin and acetylsalicylic acid inhibited the formation of cyclooxygenase metabolites. 15Ls hydroxy-5,8,11,13-eicosatetraenoic acid was incorporated into cellular lipids, but not dihydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids. Exogenous [3H]-labelled prostacyclin and TxB2 were not incorporated but were metabolized to less polar products. PMID- 3921989 TI - Effects of riboflavin deficiency upon prostaglandin biosynthesis in rat kidney. AB - The effects of riboflavin deficiency on the activity in vitro of prostaglandin synthetase were determined in rat kidney homogenates. For a period of two to five months, weaning rats were fed either a diet deficient in riboflavin or equal amounts of a diet identical in composition except for the addition of riboflavin at four times the RDA for this vitamin. In further experiments, each group of rats was treated for 10 days with either an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase (flurbiprofen) or buffer. Following sacrifice, prostaglandin biosynthesis in vitro was measured both in the absence and presence of reduced glutathione, and subsequently in the presence of reduced glutathione with and without flurbiprofen. Reaction products were extracted from supernatant solutions with diethylether, and the PGE2 and PGF2 alpha formed were measured by radioimmunoassay. Dietary riboflavin deficiency increased biosynthesis rates in vitro of both PGE2 and PGF2 alpha in rat renal medulla and papilla. When both control and riboflavin deficient rats were treated with flurbiprofen for a 10 day period, PGE2 biosynthesis in vitro was markedly inhibited. This inhibition of PGE2 biosynthesis was partially overcome by the addition of reduced glutathione in vitro. The addition of flurbiprofen in vitro to samples containing reduced glutathione prevented the restoration of PGE2 biosynthesis by the latter. The rate of prostaglandin biosynthesis in kidney homogenates from riboflavin deficient rats remained higher than that of controls with each experimental manipulation. These data in their entirety suggest a possible role for riboflavin in the regulation of renal prostaglandin biosynthesis in the rat. PMID- 3921990 TI - Arachidonate lipoxygenase activity modulating factors in human plasma and amniotic fluid. AB - A radiometric method has been established that permits evaluation of the potential of substances to act as modulators of arachidonate lipoxygenase activity. Using this method it has been found that human plasma and amniotic fluid contain substances that are inhibitory and stimulatory of arachidonate lipoxygenase activity. PMID- 3921991 TI - Effects of phenytoin, phenobarbital, and valproic acid, alone and in selected combinations, on schedule-controlled behavior of rats. AB - The present study examined the effects of phenytoin (20, 30, 40, and 50 mg/kg), phenobarbital (10, 20, 30, and 40 mg/kg), and valproic acid (80, 120, 160, and 240 mg/kg), and those of phenobarbital (10 and 30 mg/kg) combined with phenytoin (20, 30, and 40 mg/kg) or valproic acid (80, 120, and 160 mg/kg), on the lever pressing of rats maintained under fixed-ratio and interresponse-time-greater-than t schedules of food delivery. High doses of each individual drug significantly decreased mean group response (and reinforcement) rate under the fixed-ratio schedule. No dose of an individual agent significantly affected mean group response rate under the interresponse-time-greater-than-t schedule, although high doses of phenobarbital and valproic acid significantly reduced the mean group reinforcement rate under this schedule. When given in combination, phenobarbital and phenytoin and phenobarbital and valproic acid significantly reduced response (and reinforcement) rate under the fixed-ratio schedule and reinforcement rate under the interresponse-time-greater-than-t schedule. These reductions did not significantly differ in magnitude from those predicted by an additive model of drug interaction. PMID- 3921992 TI - Effect of chronic apomorphine on the development of denervation supersensitivity. AB - We hypothesised that it would be possible to prevent the development of post synaptic dopamine receptor supersensitivity to 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the nigro-striatal tract in rats if they were constantly infused with the dopamine agonist apomorphine. Using osmotic minipumps to infuse apomorphine for 15 days in unilaterally lesioned rats, it was possible to delay the development of supersensitivity of the lesioned side for 9 days but not to prevent its eventual appearance. At the same time, evidence for the development of subsensitivity of presynaptic dopamine receptors of the intact side following chronic infusion of apomorphine was inferred from the production of rotations directed towards the lesioned side. PMID- 3921993 TI - [Dependence of factor VIII activity on blood group]. PMID- 3921994 TI - Experimental diabetes: reduction of serotonin-induced vasoconstriction by meclofenamic acid in vitro. AB - In diabetes the sensitivity of isolated rat aortae to serotonin is greatly diminished and the dose-response curve is shifted to the right. The maximal response is reduced to 37% of control, the threshold dose is approximately tenfold greater, and the ED50 is about fourfold greater than control. This decrease in sensitivity may be due, in part, to a reduction in the synthesis of prostaglandins because serotonin-induced responses in normal and diabetic arteries treated with meclofenamate are also significantly diminished. In addition, there is evidence that both receptor-operated Ca2+ and potential operated Ca2+ channels may be impaired because the responses to norepinephrine and KCl are both dampened in diabetic aortae. The greatly diminished effect of serotonin may be a sensitive tool to study the nature of diabetes better and to monitor its development. PMID- 3921995 TI - Role of cerebral cortex in voluntary movements. A review. AB - Findings from studies using electrical stimulation of cortex, recording from single neurons in awake animals, and measuring regional cerebral blood flow in humans have revealed some specific motor functions for several cerebral cortical areas. These areas include primary motor cortex, supplementary motor area, premotor area, parietal areas 5 and 7, and prefrontal area. Execution of movement is a function of the primary motor cortex, which translates program instructions for movement from other parts of the brain into signals. These signals encode variables of movement, such as the muscles to contract and the force and timing of their contraction. Long-latency reflex responses of muscles to stretch and cutaneous stimulation are also mediated by the motor cortex; other motor areas seem to perform higher order motor functions. The supplementary motor area controls input-output coupling in motor cortex and the programming of complex sequences of rapidly occurring discrete movements, such as playing the piano. The premotor area participates in the assembly of new motor programs. The parietal areas 5 and 7 are involved in directing attention to objects of interest in visual space and issuing commands for arm movements and eye movements to these objects. The prefrontal cortex performs cognitive functions, such as short-term memory of correct motor responses in delayed response tests. PMID- 3921996 TI - [Cerebral palsy]. PMID- 3921997 TI - Normalization of venous pH, pCO2, and bicarbonate levels after blockade of panic attacks. AB - Recent evidence suggests that hyperventilation may be associated with spontaneous panic attacks in patients with panic disorder. This is reflected in abnormal patterns of blood gas and blood pH levels in these patients. In this study, absolute levels and variances of pH, pCO2, and bicarbonate were compared between controlled patients before and after successful pharmacological treatment. The results indicate that successful treatment of panic disorder results in a normalization of pH, pCO2, and bicarbonate levels. PMID- 3921998 TI - A case that throws light on the mechanism of regression in schizophrenia: Helene Deutsch. PMID- 3921999 TI - Narcissism as a defense against object loss: Stendhal and Proust. PMID- 3922000 TI - Beethoven: modern analytic views of the man and his music. PMID- 3922001 TI - Aspects of omnipotence. PMID- 3922002 TI - Mexican machismo: the flight from femininity. PMID- 3922003 TI - Countertransference in the movies. PMID- 3922004 TI - Early object-relations conflicts in marital interaction. AB - In this paper I have tried to show how certain early object-relations conflicts in marital interaction had their principal source in the rapprochement phase of the separation-individuation process. The clinical material suggested that only a tenuous separation from the early mother had been achieved, and now the spouse (be it husband or wife) had become the new maternal representation; the early mother-child interaction was being recapitulated once again between husband and wife. It was the conflicts and vicissitudes of the rapprochement crisis which were instrumental in shaping the patient's infantile neurosis and not just the oedipal struggle of the infantile neurosis prototype. The clinical material furthers confirmation of marriage as a viable developmental phase. Considering such marital interaction from the point of view of our analytic technique, it provided a unique occurrence where the infantile neurosis, the adult neurosis (i.e., the pathological marital union) and the transference neurosis came together. Two issues were thrown into clearer focus by this confluence: first, the repetition compulsion principle was distinctly demonstrated; and second, support for recovery of experience from preverbal and semiverbal stages of early object relations was forthcoming. PMID- 3922005 TI - On feeling hopeless. PMID- 3922006 TI - Antony and Cleopatra: the empire of the self. PMID- 3922007 TI - Second generation effects of historical trauma. PMID- 3922008 TI - A prospective study of the effects of lithium on thyroid function and on the prevalence of antithyroid antibodies. AB - Tests of thyroid function and pathology were carried out on 133 patients before they were treated with lithium (Li+). Of the 12 patients who subsequently became hypothyroid during treatment with lithium 9 had, before the commencement of treatment, thyroid autoantibodies and/or an exaggerated thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) response to thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH), whereas 3 patients had neither of these indicators. Lithium administration was accompanied by a rise in thyroid antibody titre in 20 patients but a fall in only 5, a statistically significant difference. Evidence that it may be an immunostimulant is discussed. Li+-induced thyroid failure cannot be accurately predicted, and may occur suddenly. The best minimum safeguard, therefore, is serial thyroxine (T4) (or free T4) estimation, supplemented if equivocal by a free thyroxine index (FTI), a basal TSH and, if doubt remains, by a TRH test. PMID- 3922009 TI - Lithium treatment of four 'affect-related' disorders. PMID- 3922010 TI - [Endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H]. PMID- 3922011 TI - Thyrotrophin-releasing hormone inactivation by human postmortem brain. AB - The mechanisms of inactivation of thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) by peptidases in several areas of normal human postmortem brain have been investigated by radioimmunoassay and high-performance liquid chromatography. Of the several brain regions studied, the cerebral cortex (Brodman's area, BA10) had the highest TRH-degrading activity in both subcellular fractions. Deamidated-TRH (TRH-OH) was the only product formed by the soluble fraction whereas the histidyl proline diketopiperazine, cyclo(His-Pro), and a small amount of TRH-OH were formed by the particulate fraction. Several centrally acting TRH analogues showed varying degrees of resistance to degradation by the peptidases in the two fractions, the most stable analogue being RX77368 (pGlu-His-3,3' dimethyl(ProNH2]. Areas of human postmortem brain appear to contain two of the enzymes capable of degrading TRH, a proline endopeptidase forming TRH-OH and a pyroglutamyl aminopeptidase forming cyclo(His-Pro). The use of the assay procedures in further studies on the inactivation of TRH by peptidases from brain areas of patients with neurological disorders may provide complementary information on the dynamics of TRH in these disorders. The stability of the centrally acting TRH analogues may prove useful in examining their therapeutic potential. PMID- 3922012 TI - The role of vagal afferents and carbon dioxide in the respiratory response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone. AB - Rats treated neonatally with pargyline and 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine to decrease central serotonin-containing neurons have an accentuated respiratory response to i.c.v. thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). Since these treated rats also evidence an elevated PaCO2, we sought to evaluate the importance of CO2 in determining the magnitude of the respiratory response to TRH. Neonatal treatment with capsaicin or acute vagotomy also produced adult animals whose basal PaCO2 was elevated and whose respiratory response to TRH was greater than that seen in control rats with lower PaCO2 values. In normal rats, however, administration of CO2 immediately before and after TRH administration does not alter the subsequent response to TRH. Thus, it appears that TRH facilitates the processing of CO2 dependent afferent impulses, and that CO2 does not alter disposition or pharmacokinetics of TRH. PMID- 3922013 TI - Infusion of a novel peptide, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in man. Pharmacokinetics and effects on gastric acid secretion and on gastrointestinal hormones. AB - Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a recently discovered widespread regulatory peptide which is encoded in the same gene as calcitonin. We assessed the effect of systemic infusion of synthetic rat CGRP at low dose (range 0.32 2.56 pmol/kg per min) on submaximal pentagastrin-stimulated gastric secretion and on gastrointestinal hormones. To assess its pharmacokinetic parameters in man the MCR and plasma half-life were estimated by the continuous infusion method. Gastric acid output and pepsin secretion were significantly reduced by CGRP (-29% of basal, P less than 0.01 and -40% of basal, P less than 0.005, respectively). There was a significant fall in basal levels of gastrin (-39%, P less than 0.001); gastric inhibitory peptide (-44.7%, P less than 0.001); enteroglucagon ( 25%, P less than 0.001) and neurotensin (-33%, P less than 0.05). There was no significant change in plasma levels of insulin, motilin, pancreatic polypeptide or glucose. Suppression of gastric secretion and the fall in gastrointestinal hormones was prolonged and basal levels were not re-established after stopping the CGRP infusion. The disappearance curve of immunoreactive CGRP from the plasma was bi-exponential. The plasma half-life of immunoreactive CGRP was calculated as 6.9 +/- 0.9 min for the fast decay and 26.4 +/- 4.7 min for the slow decay. The calculated MCR was 11.3 +/- 1.2 ml/kg per min. Except for flushing of the face no untoward effects were observed. The results of this study suggest the possibility that CGRP could play a role in the regulation of gastric secretion and gastrointestinal hormone release. PMID- 3922014 TI - The effect of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) on the enteroinsular axis in the rat. AB - The effect of 6 days of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) on the enteroinsular axis was studied in vivo and in vitro in the rat. During the TPN period, blood samples were taken from control and TPN animals to determine the comparative pattern of GIP release. Glucose, insulin and GIP responses to oral glucose (OGTT) were compared in TPN and control rats. The effect of glucose and GIP on insulin release from the isolated perfused pancreas of the same animals was investigated to determine if TPN altered the sensitivity of the beta cell. In conjunction with these studies the number and distribution of GIP-containing cells were compared in control and TPN animals. TPN resulted in no change in basal levels of glucose, insulin and IR-GIP. An exaggerated insulin response to OGTT occurred after TPN whereas the glucose response was reduced. The IR-GIP response to glucose was normal following TPN. The isolated perfused pancreas showed a 30% increase in insulin release in response to GIP after TPN. The insulin response to glucose appeared normal as did the number and distribution of GIP cells. Fluctuations in GIP and insulin levels in control animals were diurnal in nature, whereas IR-GIP levels in TPN animals remained near fasting levels. It was hypothesized that the increase in beta cell sensitivity to GIP may be causally connected to the exposure of the pancreas to chronically low levels of GIP during TPN. PMID- 3922015 TI - [Levels of severity and care in intensive care units. An interhospital study]. PMID- 3922016 TI - [2,3 diphosphoglycerate and diabetes mellitus in various metabolic situations]. PMID- 3922017 TI - [Von Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis with cerebral vascular involvement]. PMID- 3922018 TI - Age-related changes in rat glomerular basement membrane components solubilised with pepsin. AB - The proportion of glomerular basement membrane (GBM) solubilised following pepsin treatment increased with age when the digestion was carried out at 4 degrees C, but remained constant at 50% of the membrane when the digestion was carried out at 10 degrees C irrespective of rat age. Amino-acid analysis of the solubilised material indicated that it became more collagen-like with age, as judged by the increase in glycine, hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine content, if the digestion was carried out at 10 degrees C. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of pepsin solubilised material demonstrated that components with apparent molecular weights of 180,000, 160,000 and 130,000 increased in intensity with age. Components with apparent molecular weights less than 85,000 were only present in pepsin-soluble material prepared from GBM isolated from young rats. The intensity of the bands in the pro-alpha-region varied with age and some procollagen-like material was not solubilised by pepsin treatment. These studies confirm that aging of rat GBM is characterised by an increase in the proportion of the collagenous components present in rat GBM. PMID- 3922019 TI - Suppression by 2-ketoisocaproate of the insulinotropic action of hypoglycemic sulfonylureas. AB - Tolbutamide (370 microM), gliclazide (62 microM) and glibenclamide (1 microM) failed to enhance insulin release evoked by 2-ketoisocaproate (10 mM) in rat pancreatic islets. Gliclazide also little affected insulin release evoked by 2 ketoisocaproate, whereas the hypoglycemic sulfonylurea stimulated insulin release from islets incubated in the absence of exogenous nutrient or presence of either L-glutamine, D-glucose, D-mannose, D-glyceraldehyde, L-leucine or the combination of D-glucose and pyruvate. In the presence of 2-ketoisocaproate, a modest secretory response to gliclazide was observed when the concentration of the 2 keto acid was decreased to 5 mM, or in perifused islets in which case gliclazide caused a transient increase in both 45Ca outflow and insulin output from prelabelled islets exposed to 10 mM 2-ketoisocaproate. Gliclazide and other hypoglycemic sulfonylureas failed to affect the oxidation of 2-[U-14 c] ketoisocaproate and the latter 2-keto acid failed to affect the ionophoretic action of gliclazide in an artificial membrane model. Gliclazide increased 45Ca net uptake by islets exposed to 2-ketoisocaproate, but this effect of the sulfonylurea was much less marked than that seen in the presence of D-glucose used at a concentration of equal insulinotropic efficiency. These findings indicate that 2-ketoisocaproate impairs the cationic and secretory responses of islets to hypoglycemic sulfonylureas. It is proposed that such an impairment is compatible with the view that a remodelling of ionic fluxes in the islet cells represents a primary event in the process of sulfonylurea-stimulated insulin release. PMID- 3922020 TI - Studies on the stability of 3H-dopamine, 3H-apomorphine and 3H-ADTN: effects of sodium ascorbate and EDTA. AB - The rates of decomposition of 3H-dopamine (3H-DA), 3H-apomorphine and 3H-ADTN were determined in Tris buffer at pH 7.4 and in a Tris buffer containing a neostriatal membrane preparation representative of that used in binding experiments. In both the Tris buffer alone and in the neostriatal membrane preparation, 3H-DA was the most stable, 3H-ADTN was intermediate and 3H apomorphine was the least stable. In the Tris buffer, the extent of decomposition of all three 3H-catechols was greatly retarded by sodium ascorbate. In contrast, in the neostriatal membrane preparation pronounced inhibitory effects of ascorbate were obtained only with 3H-ADTN. Even in the presence of high concentrations of sodium ascorbate (i.e., 0.5 mM), there was an extensive decomposition of 3H-apomorphine in the neostriatal membrane preparation. The data suggest that one exercise great caution in choosing appropriate conditions for binding experiments with these unstable ligands. PMID- 3922021 TI - The effect of acebutolol on plasma apoproteins and HDL cholesterol subfractions. AB - The effect on plasma apoproteins A-I and B and HDL cholesterol subfractions of acebutolol given orally over a 6-month period to 18 patients with essential hypertension was studied. The concentration of apoprotein A-I decreased during acebutolol treatment: statistical significance was reached at 3 (p less than 0.05) and 6 months (p less than 0.01). The level of apoprotein B increased slightly but not significantly. The ratio of apo A-I to apo B decreased significantly during acebutolol treatment. The concentration of total HDL cholesterol tended to be slightly but not significantly higher during therapy than before it. This increase was due to the increase of HDL3 cholesterol and this increase was significant (p less than 0.05) at 3 months. The level of HDL2 cholesterol did not change significantly during acebutolol therapy. PMID- 3922022 TI - Permeability of the blood-brain barrier is not changed by vasoactive doses of arachidonic acid or prostaglandins in rats. AB - Charles River, Sprague-Dawley rats of both sexes were anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium, 50 mg/kg i.p. and a jugular vein and femoral artery cannulated. Saline, arachidonic acid (1, 2, 4 or 6 mg/kg) alone or 15 minutes after administration of indomethacin (5 mg/kg), prostaglandin E2 (0.5, 1, 2 or 4 micrograms/kg) (PGE2), prostaglandin F2 alpha (20, 40, 80 or 160 micrograms/kg) (PGF2 alpha) or prostaglandin I2 (prostacyclin) (0.5, 1, 2 or 4 micrograms/kg) (PGI2) were given intravenously. Each of the drugs caused a dose-dependent decrease in blood pressure except for PGF2 alpha which caused an initial, short lasting fall in blood pressure followed by a more sustained rise in blood pressure. The permeability of the blood-brain barrier was measured using 99mTc sodium pertechnetate (TcO-4). None of the prostaglandins or arachidonic acid caused a significant change in the permeability of the blood-brain barrier. This provides a further example of a dissociation between drug-induced changes in systemic blood pressure and change in the permeability of the blood-brain barrier. PMID- 3922023 TI - Comparison of the protective effect of ICRF-187 and structurally related analogues against acute daunorubicin toxicity in Syrian golden hamsters. AB - Comparisons were made of the protective activity of ICRF-187 and a series of related bis-dioxopiperazine analogues against acute daunorubicin toxicity in Syrian golden hamsters. A single dose of daunorubicin (25 mg/kg) caused a marked decrease in body weight and was lethal to 84% of the animals within 1 to 4 weeks. Pretreatment with ICRF-187, the d-isomer of ICRF-159, ameliorated the lethal effects of daunorubicin. Over 70% of the animals given 50 to 200 mg of ICRF-187 before daunorubicin were alive at 8 weeks. Similar results were obtained with ICRF-186, the 1-isomer of ICRF-159, indicating that the protective activity is not stereospecific. Eighteen other analogues were also evaluated for protective activity; only bimolane, a central chain desmethyl analogue of ICRF-187 with N morpholinomethyl substituents in each dioxopiperazine ring, was as effective as ICRF-187 in reducing the mortality of daunorubicin. The role of the N morpholinomethyl groups in the biological activity of bimolane needs further study since ICRF-154, a similar compound without these substituents, exerted only minimal protective activity. Protection against daunorubicin lethality was minimal or absent when hamsters were pretreated with various doses of ICRF analogues in which slight changes had been made in dioxopiperazine rings (ICRF 158, ICRF-198) or in the central chain (ICRF-161, ICRF-192, ICRF-193, ICRF-197, ICRF-198, and ICRF-202). Similarly, animals pretreated with a number of conformationally constrained cyclopropane analogues of bis-dioxopiperazine compounds before receiving daunorubicin died at the same rates as those given only daunorubicin. These results confirm the effectiveness of ICRF-187 against daunorubicin toxicity and indicate that very little alteration can occur in the basic structure of ICRF-187 without loss of this protective activity. PMID- 3922024 TI - Endothelium influences coronary and aortic vasomotion by release of an unstable humoral factor. AB - Using an isolated perfused coronary-artery preparation, we have demonstrated the ability of endothelium inhibit markedly to vasomotion in rabbit coronary arteries. Using a bioassay system, we have shown this effect to be mediated via the release of an unstable humoral agent (t 1/2 approximately equal to 6 sec) from endothelial cells, and we have partially characterized its chemical nature. PMID- 3922025 TI - Effects of inosine on cardiac adenine nucleotide metabolism in rats. AB - Inosine was administered as a continuous intravenous infusion (100 mg/kg per hr) in rats treated with isoproterenol (25 mg/kg, s.c.). After 24 hr, the isoproterenol-induced decline in myocardial ATP and total adenine nucleotides was attenuated by inosine. Infusion of ribose (100 mg/kg per hr) had a similar cardioprotective influence. The effect of inosine may have been due to the incorporation into cardiac adenine nucleotides of the degradation products of inosine, either of the ribose moiety via the de novo synthesis pathway or of hypoxanthine via the salvage pathway utilizing 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate. To decide this, [8-(14)C]inosine was injected intravenously 4 hr after administration of isoproterenol. Its incorporation into myocardial adenine nucleotides was enhanced. Furthermore, the effect of inosine on the de novo synthesis of adenine nucleotides in normal and isoproterenol-stimulated hearts was studied and compared to that of ribose. The normal rate was attenuated and the isoproterenol-elicited increase was reduced by inosine. In contrast, ribose stimulated adenine nucleotide biosynthesis in the control rat heart and potentiated the isoproterenol-induced enhancement. These results indicate that the effect of inosine is not due to the metabolism of ribose-1-phosphate via the pentose phosphate and the de novo synthesis pathways, but rather to the 5 phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate-dependent salvage of hypoxanthine. Obviously, this pathway is of such a magnitude that the isoproterenol-evoked decline in myocardial adenine nucleotide levels is attenuated. PMID- 3922026 TI - Monocarboxylate-uptake kinetics in perfused rat heart. AB - While there is considerable evidence to suggest that lactate and pyruvate transport across the cell membrane is controlled, virtually nothing is known about the mechanisms. To test a prediction that sarcolemmal monocarboxylate transport is mediated by a specific carrier, we have examined the kinetics of pyruvate and lactate uptake into aerobically perfused rat hearts. In preparations depleted of intracellular lactate and pyruvate by a 30-min pre-perfusion in the absence of substrates, various concentrations of [14C]lactate or pyruvate (0.02 Ci/mole), together with [3H]mannitol (50 nCi/ml), were transiently (2 min) infused into the mainstream perfusate immediately above the heart. Uptake was calculated from the difference between the level of 14C-labeled substrate predicted from the extracellular distribution of [3H]mannitol and the actual level (corrected for 14CO2 contamination) measured in successive 20-sec samples of effluent perfusate. Computer optimization analysis of the initially rapid (first 60 sec) uptake rates revealed that monocarboxylate transport is not simply a question of diffusion. On the contrary, the observation of typical saturation kinetics (Vmax 7.7-8.4 mumoles/min per g wet wt.) and cross-inhibition (Ki pyr, 2.3 +/- 0.5 mM; Ki lac, 0.16 +/- 0.02 mM) suggest that transsarcolemmal movement of monocarboxylate may be mediated by a high-affinity lactate (km 3.9 +/- 0.9 mM), low-affinity pyruvate (Km 8.6 +/- 1.1 mM), translocase. PMID- 3922027 TI - Mechanical response of rabbit myocardium and coronary arteries to leukotriene D4. Failure to demonstrate a role in the pathophysiology of hypoxia. AB - We have studied the effect of leukotriene D4 (LTD4) on rabbit and rat myocardial contractility and on rabbit coronary arteries. A concentration of 2 X 10(-7) M caused only a small reduction of myocardial contractility, but caused a contraction of smooth muscle in coronary arteries similar to that obtained with potassium (30 mmoles/liter). LTD4 (2 X 10(-7) M) added to the perfusate 10 min before or at the time of reoxygenation after a period of 30 min of hypoxia did not alter contractility or resting tension. LTD4 is unlikely to be a contributing factor in the initiation of cell necrosis on reoxygenation of hypoxic myocardium. PMID- 3922028 TI - Gas exchange analysis of immediate CO2 storage at onset of exercise. AB - The immediate storage of CO2 at the onset of exercise was estimated in 5 subjects as the difference between measured and predicted CO2 production at work rates of 33, 53 and 75% VO2max. Three time varying models of respiratory exchange ratio (RER) were used to obtain an expected range of predicted CO2 production. Calculated CO2 storage in the transition from rest to 33% VO2max ranged from 0.33 to 0.38 ml X kg-1 X torr-1; from 33 to 53% VO2max, corresponding values were 0.04 to 0.14 ml X kg-1 X torr-1; and, from 53 to 75% VO2max, values ranged from 0.25 to 0.16 ml X kg-1 X torr-1. In two models, CO2 storage decreased significantly at the highest work rate. Estimates of CO2 storage by hyperventilation in the steady state of exercise yielded significantly greater storage. It was concluded that immediate CO2 storage at the onset of exercise was less than hyperventilation estimates, and that it tended to decrease with metabolic acidosis. PMID- 3922029 TI - Measurement of mixed venous carbon dioxide pressure by rebreathing during exercise. AB - This study compared rebreathing methods currently used for the measurement of mixed venous PCO2 (PVCO2) during exercise. Four mathematical procedures were used to derive the asymptote of the exponential rise in end-tidal PCO2 during 15 sec rebreathing of low (2-6%) CO2 mixtures ('exponential' methods); the derived PVCO2 was compared to that obtained with an 'equilibrium' method, in which high CO2 mixtures were rebreathed to obtain an equilibrium of CO2 between the lungs and rebreathing bag. Precision was established by analysing duplicate rebreathings at each power output. The most precise of the four exponential procedures (coefficient of determination 0.98) used iterative statistical analysis to obtain an equation for the best fit curve of end-tidal PCO2 with time (t), solved for t = 20 sec. The PVCO2 derived by this procedure was similar to that obtained by the equilibrium method (r = 0.96), and both yielded estimates of cardiac output that were within the previously published expected range. Variations in the initial rebreathing bag volume and CO2 concentration, and in the breathing frequency during rebreathing had little effect on the derived PVCO2. PMID- 3922030 TI - [Fields of application of transdermal therapeutic systems: nitrates]. PMID- 3922031 TI - [Renal insufficiency and low-protein diets]. PMID- 3922032 TI - [Constant-rate enteral feeding in buccopharyngeal cancer]. PMID- 3922033 TI - [Computer-assisted genetic files and diagnosis]. PMID- 3922034 TI - [Effect of veralipride on LH, FSH, and PRL levels and on the climacteric syndrome]. AB - 21 women with menopausal disorders were given veralipride, which is a benzamide derivative having a central anti-dopaminergic action. The LH, FSH and PRL plasma levels were controlled before and after treatment. Treatment, using veralipride at a daily dose of 100 mg for 20 days, improved the climacteric syndrome, and, in particular, the sudden hot flushes. The FSH plasma levels remained unchanged, the LH levels were reduced, although they remained high, and the PRL levels increased during the course of the treatment. PMID- 3922035 TI - [Veralipride in the treatment of hot flushes in the menopause]. AB - Thirty-six menopausal women and 18 women with surgically-induced menopause were treated with a daily oral dose of 100 mg of veralipride for a period of 20 days followed by 10 days without therapy. Following 2 or 3 treatment periods, the drug was effective in 27 women from the first group and in 13 women from the second group. Six women had to discontinue therapy because of adverse effects. There was no significant variation in FSH or LH serum levels. PMID- 3922036 TI - [Agreal: its acceptibility. Review of the literature]. AB - The various studies of the tolerance of veralipride (Agreal) have revealed, in general, excellent results. A mild increase in the serum prolactin is always observed, but it is only very rarely accompanied by galactorrhoea and it is rapidly reversible. The clinical side effects are moderate and uncommon; they may consist of drowsiness, dryness of the mouth and occasionally nausea. PMID- 3922037 TI - [Exclusion of voluntary blood donors during a medical visit to the mobile unit. Results of the National Blood Transfusion Center of Paris concerning 111,037 volunteers]. PMID- 3922038 TI - [In vitro evaluation and study of the survival of erythrocytes preserved in a saline-adenine-glucose-mannitol medium for 35 days]. AB - The saline-adenine-glucose-mannitol (SAGM) solution for resuspension of red cells was evaluated on 30 blood units tested over 42 days and compared to 5 red cell concentrates collected on the conventional CPD medium. Total and extra-cellular hemoglobin, potassium, pH, ATP and DPG concentrations, osmotic fragility, schizocyte formation, and red cell antigenicity were studied through the storage period. Chromium survival studies of autologous donated red cells were performed in 10 donors. Red cell concentrates resuspended in SAGM solution showed at the 35th day of conservation at 4 degrees C, a mean storage hemolysis of only 0.66%, an ATP concentration of 67% of the initial value, a schizocyte proportion of less than 1.5%, a mean 24 hour posttransfusion viability of 88.33% and a mean red cell T 1/2 survival of 25 days 10 hours. No alteration of common blood group antigens could be found after storage of red cells for 42 days. PMID- 3922039 TI - Detection of anti-extractable nuclear antigens in connective tissue diseases: comparison between passive hemagglutination, counterimmunoelectrophoresis and double immunodiffusion. AB - Antibodies to the three major components of the complex called soluble extractable nuclear antigen (ENA) were detected by passive hemagglutination (HA), counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE) and double immunodiffusion (DI) in 256 patients with connective tissue diseases. Anti-ENA antibodies were demonstrated by all the three employed methods in only 44.9% of the cases. These methods were not able to detect all antibodies to these antigens or any single specificity; CIE was however the most sensitive method for anti-RNP and HA for anti-Sm antibodies, while DI was the most suitable technique for serum samples with multiple anti-ENA specificities. Only in less than 50% of the cases the specificity detected by HA was comparable with that given by CIE or DI. Hence, for detecting anti-ENA antibodies a combination of these methods should be maintained, at least until more precise and reliable methods will become available. PMID- 3922040 TI - Hemorheologic changes in patients with a history of stroke or cerebral remittent ischemic attacks. AB - Hemorheologic parameters were measured in cerebrovascular patients with a history of stroke or recurrent ischemic attacks in a quiescent phase of the disease. All patients were submitted to aortic arch angiography and then classified according to the presence or absence of detectable arterial lesions. In comparison with a group of control subjects, cerebrovascular patients had significantly elevated levels of blood and plasma viscosity, fibrinogen, factors VIII:C and VIIIR:Ag and lowered values of erythrocyte filtration. Blood viscosity was increased and erythrocyte filtration reduced only in male patients. Elderly patients had higher blood viscosity and fibrinogen levels, and those with a history of stroke also showed the highest hematocrit and plasma viscosity values. Patients with a stroke history compared with those affected by remittent ischemic attacks, and patients with positive in comparison with those with negative angiograms were characterized only by higher fibrinogen (and sometimes factor VIII) levels, but not by other differences in hemorheologic values. It is concluded that changes in hemorheologic values consistent with hyperviscosity are a feature of cerebrovascular patients also in the quiescent phase of the disease and not only as a result of acute ischemic attacks. These changes are however most frequent in males and in elderly subjects, while they seem to be almost evenly distributed in patients with or without evidence of arterial disease. PMID- 3922041 TI - Phenotypic and functional heterogeneity of human T cell clones producing gamma interferon. AB - Human T cell clones were derived from peripheral blood and screened for their ability to release gamma-interferon (gamma-IF) following PHA stimulation. Nine clones producing more than 20 U/ml of gamma-IF were expanded and analyzed for cytolytic activity in a lectin-dependent assay and for the ability to release interleukin-2 (IL-2). In addition, clones were analyzed for T4 and T8 antigen expression. Five out of nine clones had cytolytic T lymphocyte activity, while four released relatively large amounts of IL-2. Five clones were T4+ while the remaining expressed the T8+ phenotype. These results clearly indicate that gamma IF production is not restricted to T cell subsets defined according to either functional or phenotypic criteria. PMID- 3922042 TI - Effects of total parenteral nutrition enriched with branched chain amino acid infusion on liver function and serum amino acid pattern in dogs undergoing hepatectomy. AB - In order to study effects of different total parenteral nutritional regimens on the recovery of liver function and on plasma amino acid pattern after major hepatectomy, twelve healthy mongrel dogs were submitted to 70% liver resection and randomly divided into three different groups: group I (control group) received only 10% glucose; group II received 10% glucose plus 8.5% Freamine; group III received 10% glucose plus 100% branched chain amino acid (BCAA) solution. Blood samples were analyzed for determining biochemical parameters, including plasma amino acid levels, before surgery and on 3rd and 7th postoperative day. The 'BCAA group', compared to other groups, showed higher values of plasma proteins (p less than 0.01) and prothrombin activity (p less than 0.05) on the 3rd postoperative day. The total concentration of plasma amino acids decreased after hepatectomy. Gluconeogenetic amino acids alanine and glutamine were markedly decreased in groups II and III, likely due to their increased consumption during gluconeogenesis. Aromatic amino acids were increased in all groups, due to the transient liver insufficiency. BCAA markedly increased in group III on 3rd postoperative day and returned to basal values on 7th postoperative day; possible explanations of such alterations are discussed. Our findings suggest that BCAA may represent a first choice substrate in the early phase after hepatectomy. PMID- 3922043 TI - [Nursing care of the patient with head and neck cancer]. PMID- 3922044 TI - When you think your patient needs TPN. PMID- 3922045 TI - [Light chain or monoclonal immunoglobulin deposit disease. Apropos of a case associated with light chain myeloma]. PMID- 3922046 TI - LH and FSH levels in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of human fetus. AB - The concentration of LH and FSH was measured in the fetal blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 4 human fetuses between 21 and 24 weeks old. A comparison was made with 6 post menopausal females. In one fetus the serum and CSF levels of both hormones were determined after administration of 200 micrograms LRH and 400 micrograms TRH. The mean serum fetal levels of LH and FSH of 76.6 mIU/ml (range, 29.5-152.0) and 30.5 mIU/ml (range 3.1-60.3), respectively, were not significantly different from those of postmenopausal females, whereas the fetal CSF levels of these hormones were significantly higher (p less than 0.02) than those of post menopausal females. The serum to CSF ratios for the fetal LH and FSH were 4.6 +/- 1.1 and 2.4 +/- 0.61 respectively, significantly different (p less than 0.02 and p less than 0.001 respectively) from those of post menopausal females (29.1 +/- 6.6 for LH and 50.9 +/- 10.9 for FSH). In one fetus LRH did not provoke any change in circulating FSH and LH level 20 min. after administration, while a slight increase of these hormone in the CSF was observed. These data suggest that the permeability of blood-CSF barrier to gonadotropins in the fetus seems to be higher than in the adult who has no blood-CSF barrier (B--CSF--B) alterations. PMID- 3922047 TI - Simulated meal test. A new method for estimation of parietal and non-parietal secretion in response to food. AB - In ten healthy volunteers gastric secretion was stimulated by a simulated meal, in which the cephalic phase was activated by modified sham feeding and the gastric phase by repeated instillations and withdrawals of a meat soup. The gastric aspirates were analyzed for acid and pepsin and the outputs quantitated by the recovery of an unabsorbable marker (polyethylene glycol). Instillation of liquid meal without sham feeding produced 58% and 65% of pentagastrin-stimulated secretion of acid and pepsin, respectively. Concomitant sham feeding increased the stimulation further, so that the outputs evoked by the combined stimulus (simulated meal test) were similar to that achieved by the pentagastrin test. The coefficient of variation of duplicate tests was 4.5% for acid and 5.4% for pepsin output. The technique is suitable for measuring both parietal and non-parietal secretion in response to food. PMID- 3922048 TI - A randomized double-blind study using CaNa2EDTA, a phospholipase A2 inhibitor, in the management of human acute pancreatitis. AB - In a randomized double-blind study the effect of CaNa2EDTA, a phospholipase A2 inhibitor, was tested as a treatment for acute pancreatitis. CaNa2EDTA was infused intravenously during the first 2 days after admission to hospital, in addition to normal conservative treatment. CaNa2EDTA decreased the serum phospholipase A2 activity and appeared to promote recovery from the illness. To what extent the inhibition of serum phospholipase activity may prevent the progress of severe haemorrhagic pancreatitis or diminish mortality and morbidity in acute pancreatitis should be investigated in further studies. PMID- 3922049 TI - Proportions of Ig classes and subclasses in rubella antibodies. AB - The proportions of six immunoglobulin isotypes (IgA, IgM, IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4) in rubella antibody responses were quantified in 40 serum samples (20 patients). The first sample from each patient was taken during the first days of the illness, and the second sample 10 +/- 1 days later. A tenfold average increase in antibody concentration was observed between the first and the second sample. IgM was the predominant isotype in the first sample (average, 73% of all antibodies), followed by IgG1 (19%). IgA and IgG3 antibodies were detected in only a few of the first samples, and IgG2 or IgG4 in none. In the second samples IgG1 was the predominant antibody isotype (average, 59%). Next came IgM (23%), followed by IgA (8%) and IgG3 (3%). No IgG2 or IgG4 antibodies were detected. Although the proportion of IgM antibodies was lower in the second than in the first samples, their concentration increased in all patients (the average factor was 7). The kinetics of the IgA response was irregular. In some patients there was a strong (up to 90-fold) increase in IgA antibodies, but in two patients a small drop was detected. The kappa- to lambda-chain ratio of rubella antibodies appears to be close to the expected 2:1. It decreased in some patients during the 10 days and increased in others. PMID- 3922050 TI - Transformation of amyloid precursor SAA to protein AA and incorporation in amyloid fibrils in vivo. AB - Experimental amyloidosis was induced in mice by intraperitoneal injections of endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide (LPS)). In addition to LPS, a group of mice received high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-SAA complexes isolated from human acute phase serum, whereas a group of control mice received saline in addition to LPS. Isolated amyloid fibrils from the mice given HDL-SAA contained human AA protein, as shown by immunodiffusion, immunoblot, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay techniques, in addition to mouse AA. In contrast, amyloid from the control mice contained exclusively AA of mouse origin. Thus, the experiments provided solid evidence that SAA is the precursor for amyloid fibril protein AA. PMID- 3922051 TI - Serological assays against Staphylococcus aureus peptidoglycan, crude staphylococcal antigen and staphylolysin in the diagnosis of serious S. aureus infections. AB - Immunoglobulin G antibody levels against Staphylococcus aureus peptidoglycan (PG) and crude staphylococcal antigen (SA) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and antistaphylolysin (ASTA) antibody levels by gel diffusion were determined in 53 patients with S. aureus and 54 patients with non-S. aureus endocarditis and septicemia as compared with 63 febrile control patients. The two ELISAs were the most sensitive assays indicating S. aureus endocarditis in 83% and 88% in the PG- and SA-assays, respectively. 39% of non-S. aureus endocarditis patients were positive in the PG-assay due to antibodies cross-reacting with streptococci. A 100% specificity for S. aureus infections was obtained with the ASTA test, but this assay was less sensitive. A significant rise in anti-PG or anti-SA antibody levels was not only seen among S. aureus infections but also in some streptococcal and S. epidermidis infections as well as in 3 febrile control patients. When at least 2 of the 3 assays showed positive peak antibody levels 1 4 weeks after onset of infection together with a significant rise of both anti-PG and anti-SA antibody levels the S. aureus endocarditis diagnosis was highly suggestive. Thus, we recommend the combined use of these 3 assays using paired serum samples in diagnosing serious S. aureus infections. PMID- 3922052 TI - [Transcutaneous application of nitroglycerin and isosorbide dinitrate versus placebo: effect in myocardial ischemia]. AB - The effect of nitroglycerin ointment (30 mg) and isosorbide dinitrate ointment (100 mg) versus placebo on exercise capacity has been investigated in 12 patients. All had angina pectoris and coronary artery disease documented by coronary angiography. Nitroglycerin and isosorbide dinitrate ointment produced a significant increase in exercise capacity, without any significant difference in the beneficial effect of the two. Stress-induced changes of the ST-segment in the electrocardiogram decreased by 65% after nitroglycerin ointment and by 41% after isosorbide dinitrate ointment, compared to placebo. These results indicate that nitroglycerin and isosorbide dinitrate ointment reduce stress-induced myocardial ischemia at similar work loads. PMID- 3922053 TI - [Duodenal diverticulum--possibility for erroneous diagnosis in the sonographic diagnosis of pancreas head tumor (case report)]. AB - We present the case of a female patient in whom we found echographically an area of poor response in the head of the pancreas. This area showed criteria of malignancy and appeared like a tumour. The following ERP identified the tumour as a diverticulum of the duodenum. PMID- 3922054 TI - Human immunoglobulin D: genomic sequence of the delta heavy chain. AB - The DNA coding for the human immunoglobulin D(IgD) heavy chain (delta, delta) has been sequenced including the membrane and secreted termini. Human delta, like that of the mouse, has a separate exon for the carboxyl terminus of the secreted form. This feature of human and mouse IgD distinguishes it from all other immunoglobulins regardless of species or class. The human gene is different from that of the mouse; it has three, rather than two, constant region domains; and its lengthy hinge is encoded by two exons rather than one. Except for the third constant region, the human and mouse genes are only distantly related. PMID- 3922055 TI - Detection of serum antibodies to Borna disease virus in patients with psychiatric disorders. AB - Borna disease virus causes a rare meningoencephalitis in horses and sheep and has been shown to produce behavioral effects in some species. The possibility that the Borna virus is associated with mental disorders in humans was evaluated by examining serum samples from 979 psychiatric patients and 200 normal volunteers for the presence of Borna virus-specific antibodies. Antibodies were detected by the indirect immunofluorescence focus assay. Antibodies to the virus were demonstrated in 16 of the patients but none of the normal volunteers. The patients with the positive serum samples were characterized by having histories of affective disorders, particularly of a cyclic nature. Further studies are needed to define the possible involvement of Borna virus in human psychiatric disturbances. PMID- 3922056 TI - Jejunal diverticulosis: medical and surgical management. AB - Jejunal diverticulosis, a marker of disordered small intestinal motility, presents varied clinical manifestations. It is important to consider this disorder in elderly patients with unexplained abdominal discomfort accompanied by signs of intermittent small bowel obstruction and malabsorption. Diagnosis can be made by a small bowel follow-through x-ray film obtained as part of the evaluation of diarrhea and obstructive symptoms. Medical therapy is helpful in controlling diarrhea and anemia, while surgical therapy can give excellent results in treating complications or refractory symptoms. PMID- 3922057 TI - Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia and factor VIII inhibitor. AB - A patient with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia manifested recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding aggravated by an acquired factor VIII inhibitor. Immunosuppressive therapy with cyclophosphamide and prednisone successfully corrected the coagulation defect. PMID- 3922058 TI - [Surgery of the mitral valve]. PMID- 3922059 TI - [Hyperbaric oxygenation with hypercapnic mixture in multiple sclerosis]. PMID- 3922060 TI - [Laser irradiation as a present-day method of treating neoplasms]. PMID- 3922061 TI - [Chagas disease in Santiago Yosotiche, Oaxaca, Mexico]. PMID- 3922062 TI - [Indications for and methods of deep electron therapy]. PMID- 3922063 TI - Sodium valproate poisoning. A case report. AB - A case of a severe overdose of sodium valproate (more than 10 times the therapeutic requirement) is discussed. The patient presented with central nervous, respiratory and cardiovascular depression and was treated with supportive therapy and haemoperfusion. However, on available data it would appear that haemoperfusion did not make a significant contribution towards the patient's recovery. PMID- 3922064 TI - [Gonadotrophin induction of ovulation monitored by ultrasonic studies of the ovary]. AB - In this study the parameters of normal ovarian cycles were prospectively applied in a programme of ovulation induction with human menopausal gonadotrophin (HMG) and human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG). Hypo-oestrogenism and failure of clomiphene administration were the main indications for treating 42 patients during 128 cycles with gonadotrophins. The initial HMG dosage was 1 ampoule per day. The dosage was adjusted daily in accordance with serum oestradiol response and ultrasound findings. HCG was administered under the following conditions: average follicle size of at least 18 mm, not more than 2 follicles present, optimal cervical mucus, and serum oestradiol levels between 1 000 and 3 000 pmol/l. Ovulation was successfully induced in 90% of treated cycles and 20 pregnancies ensued. If anovulatory patients with additional causes for infertility were excluded, the pregnancy rate per treated cycle was 30%. Two twin pregnancies developed and no cases of clinical ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome occurred. The maximum follicle size and cervical mucus score did not differ significantly from these parameters in spontaneous ovulatory cycles. Preovulatory serum oestradiol levels and mid-luteal progesterone levels, however, were significantly higher in the gonadotrophin-stimulated cycles. PMID- 3922065 TI - Induction of ovulation in phase I of the in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer programme at Tygerberg Hospital. AB - Two different protocols for ovulation induction used in phase I of the in vitro fertilization (IVF) programme at Tygerberg Hospital are presented. Previous experience with gonadotrophins and clomiphene citrate was applied in the development of the protocols. By means of experience gained during ovulation induction it was possible to establish critical values for the parameters of follicle maturity, which are used to determine the optimal time for follicle aspiration. Ultrasonically measured follicle size, critical serum oestradiol levels for each mature follicle and cervical mucus scoring were the parameters used. Fifty-one ova were obtained during 29 of the 34 attempts at follicle aspiration. Only 5 of the ova were immature. At least 1 mature ovum was obtained at 80% of all laparoscopies. Twenty-three embryos were transferred to 15 patients, and 3 pregnancies occurred. As a result of this programme 2 babies were born--the first in South Africa by IVF and embryo transfer. PMID- 3922066 TI - Oral hyperalimentation in the nutritional management of burned patients. AB - Total daily protein and energy requirements for burned adult patients were adapted from Sutherland's formulae and implemented in the Burn Unit at Tygerberg Hospital. Patients were given a high-protein ward diet and oral hyperalimentation, and weekly recording of body mass was used for monitoring. It was found that the high protein and energy intake minimized body mass loss during the period after thermal injury. PMID- 3922067 TI - A plausible explanation for the aketonuria of young Indian non-insulin-dependent diabetics. AB - In an attempt to explain the rarity of ketonuria in Indian diabetics, plasma glucose, insulin and free fatty acid (FFA) levels were measured in 35 non-obese patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes in the young and 35 matched controls during a 100 g oral glucose tolerance test. Compared with the controls, the patients had a severe degree of hyperglycaemia, fasting hyperinsulinism, and an attenuated and delayed insulinaemic response. However, in addition to the fasting plasma FFA levels being similar in the two groups, the decrement in the FFA responses was equivalent. Thus, the hormone-sensitive lipase of the adipose tissue appeared to be sensitive to inhibition by insulin. Also, the fasting insulin:glucagon molar ratios were computed and found to be no different in the two groups. The normal fasting FFA levels, relative sensitivity to insulin of lipolysis in the adipocyte and normal insulin: glucagon molar ratios may help to explain in part the general rarity of ketosis-prone diabetes in the South African Indian population. PMID- 3922068 TI - Sodium cromoglycate/chlorpheniramine and sodium cromoglycate nasal sprays in the treatment of seasonal rhinitis. AB - Fifty-one patients suffering from symptomatic seasonal rhinitis were studied in a double-blind comparative trial using nasal sprays containing 2% sodium cromoglycate (Rynacrom; Fisons) (group 1) or 2% sodium cromoglycate plus 0,2% chlorpheniramine (group 2). Dosage was two sprays into each nostril 4 times a day. There was a marked clinical improvement in both treatment groups although the differences between the two regimens were not significant. In group 2 80% of patients thought the treatment had been effective within 2 days and in group 1 58% of patients also experienced relief of symptoms within 2 days. At final assessment, full or reasonable control was achieved in 22 of 25 patients in group 2 and in 21 of 25 patients in group 1. These differences are not significant. Fourteen patients in group 2 and 6 patients in group 1 reported a burning sensation in the nose when the spray was administered, but this was usually mild and transient. No side-effects from the use of the intranasal antihistamine/sodium cromoglycate spray were recorded. PMID- 3922069 TI - A yeast-derived antigen from Paracoccidioides brasiliensis useful for serologic testing. AB - Antigens prepared from P. brasiliensis yeast cells subjected to ultrasonic treatment proved reliable in the serological diagnosis of paracoccidioidomycosis. Detection of antibodies was possible in over 90% from paracoccidioidomycosis patients in tests with agar gel immunodiffusion and counterimmunoelectrophoresis. Specificity was high and only histoplasmosis sera produced cross reactions, albeit at a lower frequency (10%). The new antigens compared favorably to the standard yeast culture filtrate antigen used in the past and they have the advantage of being reproducible. Proper control of proteolysis is required if activity is to be preserved. PMID- 3922070 TI - The efficacy of a 20 per cent fat emulsion as a peripherally administered substrate. AB - Physicians and industrial biochemists involved in the development and trial of disease specific amino acid formulations and adjustments in nonprotein calorie to nitrogen ratios consistently emphasize the need for discriminate clinical use of variations from standard formulations and ratios of substrates. The decision to manipulate substrate content must be based upon the metabolic state of each individual patient. Despite these recommendations, there appears to be a tendency to try innovative therapy in patients not fully meeting the criteria for disease specific TPN. A standard mix of postoperative patients commonly found on surgical services were entered into this protocol. Three randomly assigned variations in nonprotein calorie to nitrogen ratios were secondarily tested under carefully controlled conditions. The results indicate that 20 per cent lipid solution is a useful adjunct in TPN regimens, since twice the number of calories can be delivered in one-half the fluid volume. Fat solutions alone or in combination with isotonic concentrations of dextrose did not consistently produce positive nitrogen balance when given with significantly different nonprotein calorie to nitrogen ratios. PMID- 3922071 TI - A consensus process to determine the relative complexity-severity of frequently performed surgical services. AB - Current prevailing fees represent initial charges inflated over time, and it is well known that some services, such as surgical treatment of the coronary arteries, are less demanding services today than in the early days of the specialty, when morbidity, mortality and operative stress were extremely high. Resource costs are difficult to measure accurately and time is an inappropriate indicator of complexity and severity. If society is looking for ways in which physicians will support changes in reimbursement, the C-S index resulting from the consensus process which has been described herein could provide an acceptable basis for a variety of payers to assess services. We plan to validate this consensus method in other geographic areas and will report the results in appropriate publications. We hope that the C-S index will be valuable in future policy discussions about the basis for physician fees, as well as for other health policy purposes. PMID- 3922072 TI - Prevention of catheter sepsis by antibiotic bonding. AB - The techniques of antibiotic bonding were applied to the problem of hyperalimentation catheter sepsis. Pretreatment with tridodecylmethylammonium chloride (TDMAC) increased the bonding of 14C-penicillin to polyethylene catheter segments from 3.1 to 212 micrograms/cm and to silicone elastomer catheter segments from 0.09 to 181 micrograms/cm. The elution of the bound ligands from silicone elastomer catheter segments in the presence of plasma was studied. At 2 weeks more than 60% of the bound TDMAC remained adherent to the catheter. The elution of the bonded penicillin from the silicone elastomer catheters was biphasic, initially 95% dissociated after 48 hours of incubation. A bioassay revealed that the dissociated penicillin was bacteriocidal. Polyethylene catheters were placed in the jugular vein of rats and positioned in the right atrium. The catheters were tunneled posteriorly, exited between the forelimb shoulder girdles, and connected to a swivel mechanism. The exit site was inoculated before closure with 1 X 10(8) Staphylococcus aureus. Five days after insertion the catheters were removed via sterile thoracotomy and the tips cultured. Untreated control catheters, catheters treated by antibiotic soaking, and catheters pretreated with TDMAC all had high rates of catheter colonization (60% to 80)%. TDMAC-penicillin-bonded catheters did not become colonized. This difference was significant (p less than 0.005). Antibiotic bonding may prove effective in preventing hyperalimentation catheter sepsis. PMID- 3922073 TI - Percutaneous inferior vena cava cannulation for long-term parenteral nutrition. AB - Thrombosis of the superior vena cava and its contributory veins from previous parenteral nutrition catheters precluded this approach for a new Hickman catheter in a patient with short-gut syndrome. Percutaneous puncture of the inferior vena cava with subcutaneous tunneling of the catheter to the anterior chest wall provided good access to the central venous circulation for long-term parenteral nutrition. PMID- 3922074 TI - Teratogen update: the congenital rubella syndrome. PMID- 3922075 TI - The effect of diabetes regulation on platelet release, fibrinolysis and coagulation tests, before and after stimulation with DDAVP. AB - In this longitudinal study we measured beta-TG, PF4, fibrinolytic activity (extrinsic and euglobulin fraction), fibrinogen, FVIII RAg and FVIII Rcof before and after i.v. DDAVP (FPA was only measured before DDAVP) in 20 patients with diabetes mellitus. These parameters were measured on three occasions: phase I: during disregulation, phase II: after three weeks of strict control, phase III: after nine weeks of good control. Twenty-two healthy volunteers served as normal controls. No significant differences related to metabolic control were found for beta-TG, PF4, FPA and fibrinogen. There was no change after i.v. DDAVP administration. Fibrinolytic activity showed a significant increase after i.v. DDAVP. Baseline values and post-DDAVP increase were not significantly different from our normal controls. FVIII RAg and FVIII Rcof were both significantly elevated in diabetes mellitus. Both increased significantly after DDAVP. The FVIII RAg release (delta FVIII RAg) was significantly less in the diabetics. Fibrinolytic activity, FVIII RAg and FVIII Rcof are independent of the degree of metabolic control in patients with diabetes. PMID- 3922076 TI - Purification of a specific placental plasminogen activator inhibitor by monoclonal antibody and its complex formation with plasminogen activator. AB - A monoclonal antibody of IgG2a-type was obtained against a specific fast acting plasminogen activator inhibitor found in placenta. The placental inhibitor was purified by affinity chromatography using the monoclonal antibody and additionally in a FPLC-system. A strong complex formation was found between the inhibitor and urokinase and also with the two-chain form of plasminogen activator of the tissue-type. A weaker complex was found between the placental inhibitor and the one-chain form of the tissue-type activator. PMID- 3922077 TI - The application of a monoclonal antibody to factor VIII related antigen (VIIIRAg) in immunoradiometric assays for factor VIII. AB - A two site solid phase immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) for VIIIRAg has been developed using a monoclonal antibody as both the solid phase ligand and the radiolabelled antibody. A range of normal plasmas and von Willebrand's disease (vWd) plasmas has been assayed for VIIIRAg by this method and compared with VIIIRAg values measured by an IRMA using polyclonal antibodies and by immunoelectrophoresis and with ristocetin cofactor activity (VIIIRiCoF). It was found that the monoclonal IRMA correlated well with the polyclonal IRMA and the immunoelectrophoretic assay, but the correlation with the VIIIRiCoF assay was relatively poor, in spite of the strong inhibitory effect of the antibody on VIIIRiCoF activity. PMID- 3922078 TI - Similar mechanism of various lupus anticoagulants. AB - Potent lupus inhibitors from various patients were mixed with platelet free normal plasma and were compared in activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), dilute prothrombin time (dil. PT), kaolin clotting time (KCT), contact product clotting time (CPCT), and Russell viper venom clotting time (RVVCT) tests. In the last three tests platelets and platelet lipid substitutes were avoided to enhance the sensitivities of these tests for the lupus anticoagulant. Correlations between the KCT and the other tests were mostly good, indicating that different lupus inhibitors functioned by a similar mechanism. There was no significant trend between particular clinical symptoms and individual coagulation test combinations. The KCT was found to be the most sensitive test for the lupus inhibitor, followed by the CPCT, RVVCT, dil. PT and APTT tests. Activated platelets tended to correct the APTT lupus inhibitor defect in all except the strongest inhibitor cases. PMID- 3922079 TI - Inhibitor to factor VIII in mild haemophilia. PMID- 3922080 TI - Collagen derived octapeptide inhibits platelet procoagulant activity induced by the combined action of collagen and thrombin. AB - Platelet prothrombin converting activity was measured in a system using washed human platelets and purified coagulation factors Xa, Va and prothrombin. Exposure of platelet prothrombin converting activity evoked by collagen or the combined action of collagen and thrombin was effectively inhibited when a collagen derived octapeptide was added prior to platelet activation. Half maximal inhibition of prothrombinase activity of platelets stimulated by collagen plus thrombin- or collagen alone was obtained at 0.9 mM and 0.5 mM octapeptide, respectively. This suggests a modifying effect of thrombin on the platelet-collagen interaction. Octapeptide either alone or in combination with thrombin was unable to enhance platelet procoagulant activity. The increased prothrombin converting activity seen upon treatment of platelets with ionophore A23187 was not affected by octapeptide, added either before or after treatment with ionophore. It is concluded that octapeptide specifically interferes with the platelet-collagen interaction required to generate a procoagulant surface which enhances the rate of thrombin formation. PMID- 3922081 TI - Plasminogen activator activity of cultured endothelial cells derived from canine coronary vessel and human umbilical artery and vein. AB - The present study was undertaken to determine which cells participate in plasminogen activator (PA) release from the vascular wall. Canine coronary vessel was confirmed to release PA when various agents were administered in perfusion experiments. Endothelial cells from the coronary vessel were then isolated and cultured for 2 days. PA activity was observed in lysates of the cultured cells, and the medium used for the cultivation was found to contain little PA activity. This suggests that the endothelial cells participate in PA release from the vascular wall. In addition, the PA synthesis was also studied in cultured endothelial cells from human umbilical artery and vein. Both contained little PA activity, indicating that vascular endothelial cells may vary in PA synthesis and release according to the vessel. PMID- 3922082 TI - Effect of GSH depletion by 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene on human platelet aggregation, arachidonic acid oxidative metabolism and cytoskeletal proteins. AB - Platelet reduced glutathione (GSH) is completely depleted by 1-chloro-2,4 dinitrobenzene (CDNB), which is a substrate for GSH-S-transferase. GSH-depleted platelets: a) aggregate normally at high inducer concentration; b) respond with increased (after arachidonic acid) or depressed (after collagen) aggregability at low inducer concentration; c) show almost no arachidonic acid-induced stimulation of the hexose monophosphate shunt; d) are sensitized to oxidant agents such as diamide, which elicits a faster cytoskeletal protein oxidative polymerization and reversible aggregation. Our results suggest that GSH acts as a reducing cofactor and/or free radical scavenger in the PG-hydroperoxidase step of the cyclooxygenase pathway; moreover, GSH protects membrane and cytoskeletal protein SH groups from oxidation. PMID- 3922083 TI - Factor VIII related antigen-concanavalin A binding in plasma and serum. AB - The Factor VIII Related Antigen (FVIIIRAG) was determined by electroimmunodiffusion and the per cent concanavalin A (% con A) binding of FVIIIRAG was determined by crossed affinity electrophoresis (CAIEP) in the plasma and serum of 8 hospitalized patients. The FVIIIRAG in plasma and serum was 669 and 501% of lyophilized plasma, respectively (correlation coefficient, r = 0.92). The FVIIIRAG con A-binding of plasma and serum were 44 and 16%, respectively (p less than 0.01), while the FVIIIRAG-con A binding of lyophilized plasma is 78%. We conclude that plasma has a higher content of electrophoretically slower, high con A affinity FVIIIRAG multimers than serum. The high FVIIIRAG levels of both serum and plasma and the comparatively low plasma FVIIIRAG-con A binding here may reflect the acute phase reaction. PMID- 3922084 TI - The role of fibronectin in factor VIII/von Willebrand factor cryoprecipitation. AB - To evaluate the role of fibronectin (Fn) in factor VIII (FVIII) and von Willebrand factor (vWf) cryoprecipitation, factor VIII procoagulant activity, factor VIII coagulant antigen, factor VIII-related antigen and von Willebrand ristocetin cofactor activity were measured in cryoprecipitate and cryosupernatant from normal and Fn-depleted plasmas. Following cryoprecipitation of normal plasmas, most of the FVIII and almost all the FvWf recovered were found with a part of Fn and of fibrinogen in cryoprecipitate. Fn-depleted plasmas prepared either by affinity chromatography on gelatin or by immunoadsorption on monoclonal anti-Fn antibodies behaved differently: although their cryoprecipitate contained normal fibrinogen levels, neither FVIII nor FvWf was precipitated. Experiments performed with Fn-depleted plasma to which purified fibronectin had been added, and samples of plasma with decreased Fn levels (0.01 to 0.2 g/l) suggest that there is a relation between initial Fn level and the extent of FVIII/vWf cryoprecipitation. We conclude that Fn, like fibrinogen, is necessary to induce cryoprecipitation of FVIII/vWf and that an initial plasma level of 0.2 g/l is sufficient to obtain good recovery of FVIII/vWf in cryoprecipitate. PMID- 3922085 TI - Destruction of ristocetin cofactor by coagulation at 4 degrees C. AB - Ristocetin cofactor (VIIIR:RCo) and factor VIII-related antigen (VIIIR:Ag) were measured in anticoagulated and non-anticoagulated blood incubated at 4 degrees C, room temperature (RT) or 37 degrees C for 24 hours. A marked decrease in VIIIR:RCo, to almost undetectable levels, and a smaller decrease in VIIIR:Ag occurred when whole blood clotted at 4 degrees C. These changes were slight or absent when blood clotted at RT or 37 degrees C. VIIIR:RCo lost at 4 degrees C was not recoverable by further incubation at 37 degrees C but the less-marked loss of VIIIR:Ag was partially recovered. In blood which had clotted at 4 degrees C there was a change in the electrophoretic profile of VIIIR:Ag on crossed immunoelectrophoresis: there was more anodal migration of the VIIIR:Ag peak, consistent with a decrease in the mean molecular size. Further experiments showed that the decrease in VIIIR:RCo during coagulation at 4 degrees C preceded the decrease in fibrinogen levels. In cell-free plasma VIIIR:RCo also decreased markedly when coagulation occurred at 4 degrees C. The results show that loss of VIIIR:RCo occurs when blood is allowed to clot at 4 degrees C: this is not due to cryoprecipitation and does not require the presence of blood cells. The data suggest that it is probably caused by plasma proteases activated early in the coagulation pathway. PMID- 3922086 TI - [Parenteral feeding in newborn infants; amino acids. The Parenteral Feeding Study Group of the Perinatology Section]. PMID- 3922087 TI - Is the leukocyte group-5a antigen associated with reduced NK cell function? AB - The leukocyte group-5a antigen has an increased frequency in lymphoid malignancy. We have investigated the possibility that expression of this antigen is associated with diminished or reduced natural killer function since natural killer cells are believed to represent a vital component of protection against developing malignancy. Natural killer function of a group of 18 subjects who expressed the group-5a antigen on their cells was substantially lower than that of a group of 24 subjects who did not express 5a. PMID- 3922088 TI - Relationship of administered dose to blood venom levels in mice following experimental envenomation by Russell's viper (Vipera russelli) venom. AB - I125 labelled Russell's viper venom was administered i.m. into mice at various doses. Radioactivity in the blood at different intervals was determined and related to the amount injected. A mathematical equation was formulated to represent the relationship of administered dose to blood venom levels. This study suggests that the derivation of such an equation is also possible in humans in order to predict the amount envenomated. PMID- 3922090 TI - Ovarian toxicity of cigarette smoke exposure during pregnancy in mice. AB - Pregnant mice of C57BL/6 and DBA/2 inbred strains were exposed to cigarette smoke during days 1-18 of pregnancy. Both mothers and offspring were killed at the age of 21-22 weeks, and ovaries were studied with respect to the number of primordial follicles and small primary follicles. In additional studies, 7,12 dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) was administered on day 15 of pregnancy. Cigarette-smoke exposure during gestation did not affect the number of primordial follicles in the ovaries of mothers, whereas counts were significantly decreased (31%) in the ovaries of DBA/2 offspring, and decreased, although not significantly (20%) in the ovaries of C57BL/6 offspring. DMBA (5 to 50 mg/kg) decreased oocyte counts in the mothers in a dose-dependent manner. At the same doses, DMBA reduced the viability of the offspring. These studies suggest that primordial and small primary follicles may be more sensitive to components in cigarette smoke during fetal life than in adulthood. PMID- 3922089 TI - Predictive correlations for the toxicity of alkyl- and halogen- substituted phenols. AB - The structure-activity relationships between toxicity (log BR), monitored as cell population growth, and the log 1-octanol/water partition coefficient (log Kow) for a series of 20 alkyl- and halogen-substituted phenols have been examined. The equation log BR = 0.9455 log Kow -1.9190 has been found to be an excellent linear model for these compounds. It explains 93.8% of the variability in toxicity. Subdivision of the tested derivatives based on substituent field electronic effects reveals that those with electron-releasing effects, e.g. methyl or ethyl groups, are slightly less toxic than those with electron-withdrawing effects, e.g. halogen groups. PMID- 3922091 TI - [Endoscopic and biopsy findings in the esophageal, gastric and duodenal mucosa before and after radiotherapy for Hodgkin's disease]. AB - Esophago-gastro-duodenoscopies with multiple mucosa biopsies were performed before and after irradiation of the mantle field or the spleen pedicle in 13 patients with Hodgkin's disease in stage I and II. For the irradiation the photons of a 4 MeV linear accelerator were applied with focal doses of 40 to 44 Gy. Contrast simulator radiographs were made in order to verify the position within the irradiation field of the organs from which biopsies were taken. In 0/10 patients examined before the irradiation, 0/5 patients examined less than 15 weeks after the irradiation, and 0/12 patients examined 15 weeks or later after the irradiation, histomorphologic investigation of the mucosa of the esophagus showed no pathologic findings. With the same intervals of examination related to irradiation, the gastric mucosa showed a pathologic histomorphology in 1/13, 7/9, and 5/9 patients, respectively, and the duodenal mucosa in 0/13, 5/9, and 2/9 patients, respectively. With the exception of one ulcer in the duodenal bulb the histopathologic findings as well as the macroscopic findings were neither significant nor characteristic, i.e. not radiospecific. Most of these findings were inflammatory alterations of the mucosa, erosions, and capillarectasies. PMID- 3922092 TI - [Prognostic factors during control of the course of lymphogranulomatosis: comparison of 2 therapy technics and analysis of serologic parameters]. AB - Between 1970 and 1980, 339 patients with Hodgkin's disease in stages IA to IIIB were treated at the Department of Radiotherapy, University of Essen, FRG. 65 patients (group A) were irradiated using a multiple-field-technique with cobalt 60, 110 patients (group B) with mantle fields, inverted Y or paraaortic extended fields given with 5.7 MeV photons. There were no significant differences between the cumulative survival times, local and marginal recurrences. However, the recurrence rates of unirradiated lymph node regions were different, mainly due to absent or given paraaortic treatment. The presence of initially normal blood parameters (BSR, relatively lymphocyte count, haptoglobin, copper, iron) is of high prognostic value. Combined, they allow a correct prognosis as to the five year recurrence rate in up to 98% of cases. The prognostic precision of initially pathologic values was considerably reduced, even if a normalization had occurred after one year from the initiation of treatment. PMID- 3922093 TI - [Sequential polychemotherapy and large-field radiotherapy of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma]. AB - The combination of polychemotherapy and large-field radiotherapy essentially promoted the improved total results achieved during the period of 1976 and 1982 in 272 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) of low and high malignancy. In case of centroblastic-centrocytic (cb/cc) NHL of stages II A/III A, the recurrence-free survival after radiotherapy (n = 21) could be increased by the combined method (n = 25) from 17% to 60%, and the probability of seven-year survival could be improved from 70% to 90%. All of the ten initially irradiated patients in the stages I A/II A/III A of centrocytic (cc) NHL suffered from a recurrence, whereas the development seems to be more favorable in the five patients submitted to combined treatment who had only one recurrence. The recurrence-free seven-year survival of the highly malignant NHL in stage I A/II A increased from 40% after unique radiotherapy (n = 15) to 70% after combined therapy (n = 39), the survival probability increased from 55% to 75%. Despite the partly insufficient therapy results after unique radiotherapy and polychemotherapy, the combined method has largely contributed to achieve after eight years the total survival rates of 76% for cb/cc NHL (n = 123) and of 55% for the highly malignant immunoblastic NHL (n = 57), centroblastic NHL (n = 35) and NHL with uncertain classification, whereas the cc-NHL (n = 36) hitherto has a relatively unfavorable prognosis with only 29%. PMID- 3922094 TI - Determination of free valproic acid concentrations using the Amicon Micropartition MPS-1 Ultrafiltration System. AB - Free valproic acid concentrations were determined using the MPS-1 ultrafiltration device marketed by Amicon with one YMB membrane per device. Valproic acid binding to the membrane was 5.6% of the free valproic acid concentration. The free valproic acid concentration increased as serial ultrafiltrate volumes were collected, suggesting that only small ultrafiltrate volumes should be collected from a large initial sample. The protein content of the ultrafiltrate was acceptable and was within the tolerances stated by Amicon. There was no significant difference between free valproic acid concentrations determined within 3 h of sample collection and those determined after storage at 4 degrees C or -20 degrees C for 1 week. There was no significant difference between free valproic acid concentrations in serum and heparinized plasma samples collected simultaneously. PMID- 3922095 TI - Carbon-dioxide laser treatment of eye lid lesions. AB - A commercially available carbon-dioxide laser has been used in the treatment of basal cell carcinoma, capillary haemangioma, papilloma and various other neoplastic lesions involving the lids and paraocular skin. Altogether 20 patients have been treated in the past two years. The results have been very encouraging. All lesions have healed without scarring, and to date there have been no recurrences. The advantage of CO2 laser irradiation is coagulation of blood and lymphatic channels in the treatment area, which prevents bleeding and limits dissemination of tumour cells. Also discussed is the mechanism of CO2 laser and the possibilities for the future. PMID- 3922096 TI - Discovery of the hypnozoite and a new theory of malarial relapse. PMID- 3922097 TI - Bone marrow transplantation for Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome: report of 2 cases with use of 2-mercaptoethane sulfonate. PMID- 3922098 TI - [Subcellular localization of glycogen-UDP-glucosyltransferase in the hepatocytes of intact and fasting rats]. AB - Electron microscope cytochemical techniques by Takeuchi et al. were used to study the localization of glycogen-UDP-glucosyl-transferase (GUDPG) in hepatocytes of intact and fasting rats. Glycogen was found in the cytoplasm, nuclei, mitochondria, microbodies and lysosomes of the hepatocytes of intact and fasting animals after special cytochemical procedures for determination of GUDPG. PMID- 3922099 TI - Notes on immunoprecipitin reactions with rinderpest virus. PMID- 3922100 TI - Systemic influence of intravesical chemotherapy with verapamil. AB - The influence of the calcium blocker verapamil (VR) on systemic toxicity resulting from the intravesical instillation of Adriamycin (ADM) and thiotepa (THT) was assessed in mice. Eighty per cent of the animals receiving THT + VR developed a generalized alopecia. Data gathered at necroscopy failed to reveal any trauma to the major organs or the presence of a drug-induced myelosuppression. Combination of ADM and VR did not produce an enhancement of systemic toxicity, manifest as myelosuppression. The drug combination did not produce a cardiomyopathy as assessed by histologic examination. The use of VR in combination with antineoplastic agents posed no more of a threat to the animals than did the use of cytotoxin alone. PMID- 3922101 TI - Uterine rupture during labour in a common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). PMID- 3922102 TI - Presumptive protozoan (sarcocystis) encephalomyelitis with paresis in lambs. PMID- 3922103 TI - The incidence of canine haematozoa in Peninsular Malaysia. AB - In 3 urban areas in Selangor, Peninsular Malaysia between 1973 and 1981, blood from 4084 dogs was examined for haematozoa. The following frequencies were found: Babesia gibsoni 17.7%; microfilariae of Dirofilaria immitis 9.6%; Hepatozoon canis 1.2%; B. canis 1.1%; Ehrlichia canis 0.2%; Trypanosoma evansi 0.1%. A detailed examination of B. gibsoni infections and microfilariasis due to D. immitis with regards to monthly distribution, breed frequency, sex and age, revealed that pedigree and non-pedigree dogs were equally susceptible to Babesia and microfilariae infections. PMID- 3922104 TI - Effects of glycine and other inhibitory amino acid neurotransmitters on strychnine convulsive threshold in mice. AB - The effects of glycine and other inhibitory amino acid neurotransmitters on strychnine convulsive threshold were studied in mice. The mean intravenous threshold dose for strychnine to produce its convulsive effects in briefly restrained mice was determined to be 1.386 +/- 0.035 mg/kg. The dose of strychnine produced 100% postconvulsive mortality in all the mice tested. Intraperitoneal administration of various doses (100-500 mg/kg) of glycine, beta alanine and L-threonine, 15-20 minutes prior to strychnine infusion produced an increase of 13.92%, 25.73% and 17.15% respectively in strychnine convulsive threshold in mice. Diazepam, known to produce its anticonvulsant, sedative and muscle relaxant effects through its interaction either with central GABA or glycine receptors was found to be the most potent (48.39%) in increasing strychnine convulsive threshold. Taurine and Baclofen were found to be ineffective in raising strychnine convulsive threshold in mice. These observations favor the possible use of either glycine or beta-alanine in addition to diazepam in treating clinical cases of strychnine neurotoxicoses. PMID- 3922105 TI - A competitive enzyme immunoassay for the detection of bovine antibodies to Brucella abortus using monoclonal antibodies. AB - A competitive enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for the detection of circulating bovine antibodies to Brucella abortus has been developed using horseradish peroxidase conjugated monoclonal antibodies (MAb) raised against B. abortus cell surface antigens. Antibodies present in the serum of either vaccinated or infected cattle can apparently displace the conjugated MAb from the lipopolysaccharide antigen (LPS) in a quantitatively different manner allowing an assessment of immune status of the animal. The results from a panel of sera from animals with a known status of vaccination or infection indicated that the test was more selective in the detection and discrimination of infected from uninfected or immunized animals, than conventional complement fixation, agglutination or indirect enzyme immunoassay procedures. PMID- 3922106 TI - Histological, immunohistological and autopsy findings in lymphogranulomatosis X (including angio-immunoblastic lymphadenopathy). AB - 172 cases of lymphogranulomatosis X (LgX) were studied by light microscopy. In 53 cases immunohistological techniques for detecting intracytoplasmic immunoglobulins were applied. In the lymph nodes of all cases the nodal architecture was found to be effaced. Active germinal centres were absent, and there was a generalized, markedly increased proliferation of epithelioid venules. A polymorphic infiltrate was present in all cases. It was dominated by immunoblasts in 14%, by plasma cells in 16%, by epithelioid cells in 23% and by lymphocytes in 6% of the cases. In the remaining 41% of the cases no special type of cell predominated (mixed cell type of LgX). The clusters of clear cells present in some cases with immunoblastic predominance did not stain for intracytoplasmic immunoglobulins; in contrast, the basophilic immunoblasts exhibited a polyclonal Ig pattern. In some of the cases with lymphocytic predominance most of the lymphocytes showed abundant cytoplasm with azurophil granules. Transformation into malignant lymphoma was proven at autopsy in 5 of 38 cases (13.2%). Malignant transformation (biopsy and autopsy material) was confirmed in a total of 11 of 172 cases (6.4%) and suspected in an additional 7%. Among the malignant lymphomas were one immunologically proven B-immunoblastic lymphoma, one peripheral T cell lymphoma and 5 cases of Hodgkin's disease. An association between LgX and carcinoma was histologically verified in 7 cases. 26 cases with active germinal centres and 11 cases with only locally pronounced vascularization but with histological and cytological changes that were otherwise similar to LgX were designated as hyperimmune reactions (HR). These cases had a significantly better prognosis. Two cases that presented as HR with active germinal centres later developed into LgX. It is suggested that the disappearance of active germinal centres is important in the pathogenesis of LgX. The possibility that this may correspond morphologically to an alteration of different components of the T-cell system is discussed. PMID- 3922107 TI - An autopsy case of prolidase deficiency. AB - A 25-year-old female who suffered from longstanding incurable leg ulcers was found to have prolidase deficiency with iminodipeptiduria. On ultrastructural studies of autopsy specimens, the lamina densa of the epidermal basement membrane was found to show irregular splitting and the basement membranes of the dermal blood vessels were lamellated with interruptions. Lamellar changes and splitting of the basement membranes of the renal tubules, interstitial blood vessels and glomerular capillaries also occurred. These morphological abnormalities seem to be one of causes of the clinical symptomatology. PMID- 3922109 TI - S-100 protein immunostaining in cells of dendritic morphology within reactive germinal centers by ABC immunoperoxidase method. AB - The "dendritic" and the "interdigitating" (IRC) reticulum cells are commonly reported to have different topographical distribution in the human lymphoid tissue and some peculiar cytochemical and immunohistochemical features. These include the detection of S-100 protein by PAP (peroxidase anti-peroxidase) method only in IRC located in the thymus-dependent areas. In 15 reactive lymphoid tissue specimens (11 lymph nodes, 3 tonsils, and 1 adenoid) the presence of S-100 protein was tested by ABC (avidin-biotin complex) immunoperoxidase method. IRC were constantly positive. Other positive cells were located within the follicular germinal centers; these immunostained cells appeared as a striking network composed of dendritic-shaped processes displaying a finely granular positivity for S-100 protein. It is suggested that by using this very sensitive technique, S 100 protein can also be detected in intrafollicular cells of dendritic morphology. PMID- 3922108 TI - Ultrastructural identification of Ia positive dendritic cells in the lactating rat mammary gland. AB - Dendritic cells which express Ia antigen have been demonstrated for the first time in the lactating rat mammary gland. Ultrastructurally, the dendritic cells appear as electron-lucent pale cells interspersed among the epithelial cells of the alveoli, forming a cell population distinct from classical macrophages. They show morphological resemblance to the dendritic cells of lymphoid organs as well as the Langerhans cells of skin. The Ia antigen has been localised by electron microscopic immunocytochemistry on the cell membrane and endocytotic vesicles and tubules. Ia positive cells are also seen in the stroma of the mammary gland. It is proposed that the dendritic cells of the mammary gland belong to the lineage of epidermal Langerhans cells and lymphoid dendritic cells, subserving an immunological role in the lactating breast. PMID- 3922110 TI - Immunohistochemical demonstration of lactoferrin in follicular adenomas and thyroid carcinomas. AB - By immunohistochemistry, the presence of lactoferrin was investigated in follicular adenomas (10 cases) and carcinomas of the thyroid gland (23 cases). Normal thyroid tissue was also tested as control. Follicular adenomas showed a consistent negativity, whereas follicular and papillary carcinomas exhibited various degrees of positivity for lactoferrin. Incorporated organoid structures observed in anaplastic carcinomas were strongly stained; the spindle cell parts of these cancers were always negative for this iron-binding protein. Medullary carcinomas were also unstained. These findings are discussed in relation to the distribution pattern of thyroglobulin. The authors emphasize the possibility that lactoferrin may be useful in clarifying some diagnostic problems in neoplastic thyroid pathology. PMID- 3922111 TI - An ultrastructural and morphometric study of bladder tumours (III). AB - Quadrant biopsies were taken at cystoscopy from 12 male patients previously diagnosed on light microscopy as having flat carcinoma in situ (CIS) of the urinary bladder. There was also material available from 3 cystectomy specimens with widespread CIS associated with papillary or solid urothelial tumours. Sections of normal ureter from kidney transplant donors and biopsies from two patients investigated for non-malignant bladder conditions severed as controls. The biopsies from 4 patients were classified as mild dysplasia of the urothelium, while those from 11 patients were categorised as CIS. Biopsies categorised as mild dysplasia on light microscopy showed an increase in the number of cells with large nuclei and nucleoli when compared to controls. The number of desmosomes was significantly reduced compared to controls, while the frequency of abnormalities of the basal lamina was increased. These features were more pronounced in the CIS group. Biopsies from the CIS group could be divided into "classical" and "large cell" CIS, the latter showing a higher frequency of ultrastructural abnormalities than the "classical" type. The patients diagnosed as having CIS fell into two clinical categories, the "early onset" and the "late onset" group. The five patients in the former had been diagnosed as having CIS with or without urothelial tumours elsewhere within 3 months of presentation. In the remaining four patients CIS was observed after recurring episodes of papillary or solid tumours during the previous 9 months to 20 years. The biopsies of 3 out of 5 patients with early onset CIS had been classified "large cell" CIS, whereas only one patient out of 4 in the late onset group came into this category. An early appearance of CIS is thought to have a worse prognosis, and it is therefore suggested that "large cell" CIS is a more severe form of the disease. PMID- 3922112 TI - Tubular ultrastructure in acute renal failure in man: epithelial necrosis and regeneration. AB - It is not clear whether tubular cell necrosis is present or not in acute renal failure (ARF) of ischaemic type ("acute tubular necrosis"). In order to get quantitative data, using precisely defined criteria for tubular cell necrosis, 25 renal biopsies from 24 patients with ARF (11 obtained in the active phase, 14 in the early recovery period) were compared with 12 control biopsies. In all 1959 proximal cells and 1603 distal cells were analysed by electron microscopy. Cellular disintegration was very rare in all groups. Shrinkage necrosis (apoptosis) was not present in the proximal tubules of the controls and was rare in ARF (1.6-2.1%). In the distal tubules of controls 2.7% of all cells showed shrinkage necrosis. The incidence in ARF was not significantly increased. "Non replacement sites" in distal tubules (probably loci where cells have recently been desquamated) were significantly increased in number (5.2%) in the active phase in ARF compared to controls and recovery. The relative number of regenerating cells was not increased. These data show that there is no widespread necrosis of tubular cells in ARF. The increased incidence in distal tubules of focal, denuded areas of the basement membrane in the active phase of ARF indicates a slightly increased desquamation of cells and/or a failure to cover such sites by adjacent cells. This process is not restricted to the brief induction phase of ARF but continues during the whole active phase. PMID- 3922113 TI - Tubular ultrastructure in acute renal failure: alterations of cellular surfaces (brush-border and basolateral infoldings). AB - Using a blind, semiquantitative technique, the degree of reduction of proximal tubular brush border (BB) and proximal and distal basolateral infoldings (BI) were measured in 25 renal biopsies from patients with acute renal failure (ARF) of ischaemic type. For comparison 12 biopsies from patients without ARF were studied, 6 were normal controls, six were from patients with minor change disease and slight glomerulonephritis. The mean scores for reduction of BB as well as proximal and distal BI were strongly increased in ARF compared to controls and the differences were highly significant. Some of the biopsies were taken during recovery and there was a significant negative correlation between the individual scores for reduction of BB and BI and simultaneous renal function. The disappearance of BB microvilli was correlated to tubular dilatation, but it could not be explained exclusively by "stretching" of the luminal surface due to dilatation. There was no correlation between reduction of BI and tubular dilatation. The data indicate a disturbance of cell membrane turnover in the active phase of ARF, possibly due to decreased synthesis, and they are consistent with a pathogenetic hypothesis implicating a decreased proximal Na+ resorption and consequently a pre-glomerular vasoconstriction. PMID- 3922114 TI - [Antihypoxic effect of gutimine in acute poisoning with organophosphate substances]. PMID- 3922115 TI - [Intrastitial chemotherapy of disseminated ovarian cancer]. PMID- 3922117 TI - Properties of human anti-lipopolysaccharide gamma globulin: specificity and protective effects. AB - Blood donated to the Natal Blood Transfusion Service was screened by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for anti-lipopolysaccharide (anti-LPS) antibodies. Plasma units with high concentrations (greater than 40 micrograms/ml) of anti-LPS IgG were pooled and fractionated to obtain a gamma globulin (lot LG 1). The binding of LG-1 antibodies to LPS prepared from 14 bacterial species and strains was found to be the highest to LPS from Shigella flexneri, Salmonella abortus equi and Salmonella typhimurium and intermediate with Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enteritidis and Escherichia coli 026:B6. Differential absorption experiments showed that LG-1 contained a mixture of specific and cross-reacting antibodies. A large proportion of antibodies binding to Sh. flexneri LPS were mainly specific, while those binding to S. typhimurium and the other Salmonella species tested were largely cross-reactive. There was little correlation between the spectrum of activity of the LG-1 antibodies and the incidence of gram-negative bacteria in blood cultures taken from hospital patients in an area covered by the Transfusion Service. Mice treated with LG-1 prior to inoculation with P. aeruginosa were significantly protected against morbidity and mortality compared to controls. PMID- 3922116 TI - [Potentials for curing cervical cancer patients with metastases to the regional lymph nodes of the pelvis]. AB - The paper deals with the results of a clinical evaluation of various treatment modalities employed in 155 cases of primary cancer of the uterine cervix (T2 and T3) who had lymphographic signs of metastases into pelvic lymph nodes (N1). The distribution of patients was as follows: group 1--complex gamma-therapy (55 cases), group 2--complex gamma-therapy plus iliac lymphadenectomy (50 cases) and group 3--complex radiation treatment with megavolt bremsstrahlung beam from the luc type installation and iliac lymphadenectomy (50 cases). Five-year survival rates in study groups 1 and 2 were 34,5 and 46.0%, respectively. In 21 cases of group 2 (42.0%), lymphogenic metastasis appeared to be resistant to ionizing irradiation and persisted following complex gamma-therapy. This was confirmed morphologically. Out of these cases, 9 survived for 5 years and were free from recurrence which pointed to the effectiveness of lymphadenectomy. In group 3, histological examination of removed nodes showed that ionizing irradiation had failed to arrest lymphogenic metastasis in 6 cases (12.0%) only. The end results of treatment (62% of 3-year survival) improved significantly due to improvement made at all stages of irradiation as well as combined use of radiation and surgery. PMID- 3922118 TI - [Case of fulminating meningococcemia]. PMID- 3922119 TI - [Use of the single radial immunodiffusion method for controlling the activity of cultured rabies vaccines]. PMID- 3922120 TI - [Peptide mapping of the major proteins in 2 strains of influenza virus]. AB - The protein composition of two influenza A virus strains from different serological groups was studied. For preliminary separation of envelope and core proteins the virus was treated with nonionic detergent Triton X-100 solution followed by chromatography in ultragel AcA 34. After their separation by disk electrophoresis and treatment with trypsin they were labeled with tritium and peptide analysis was carried out. Differences in peptide maps between the appropriate light and heavy chains of hemagglutinins of the strains under study were demonstrated. Differences in the composition of nucleoprotein and matrix protein were insignificant. PMID- 3922121 TI - Nutritional support of the cancer patient. PMID- 3922122 TI - [Infectious endocarditis complicated by glomerulonephritis and acute renal failure]. PMID- 3922123 TI - [Esophageal perforation with a gastric tube during enteral feeding of a negativistic mental patient]. PMID- 3922124 TI - [EHDP (ethylidene-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate) in the treatment of polyosseous Paget disease]. AB - 13 patients with polyosseous Paget's disease were treated for a mean period of 7 months with disodium etidronate (EHDP, ethylidene-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate); the average daily dosage was 5 mg/kg body weight. Subjectively, all patients reported a considerable improvement, in particular with regard to pain. Objectively, a significant decrease in plasma alkaline phosphatase activity and in urinary hydroxyproline excretion was observed. Bone scintigraphy showed a decreased activity of bone lesions after therapy, but no clear-cut regression was found radiologically. No serious side-effects were observed during treatment with EHDP and oral administration of the drug proved to be advantageous. PMID- 3922125 TI - [Special artificial respiration procedures and intracranial pressure. Animal experiment studies, development and use of a new pressure measuring technic, clinical aspects]. AB - We investigated the influence of Forced Diffusion Ventilation (FDV), a special form of High Frequency Ventilation (HFV), on elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) in 5 dogs. Elevation of ICP was standardized by inflation of an epidural balloon. A typical finding with FDV is a reduced intrapleural pressure and therefore one could expect a better cerebrovenous drainage influencing ICP. Nevertheless, we found no changes in mean ICP under conditions of FDV compared with IPPV. Respirator-synchronous fluctuations of ICP, cisternal cerebrospinal fluid pressure and intrapleural pressure were drastically reduced with FDV. This phenomenon has been already reported by other groups as a typical effect of HFV with rates of 100/min. One can speculate, that this immediate impact of HFV on ICP-curves might be of some advantage in patients with critically reduced intracranial compliance requiring long-term artificial ventilation, because peaks and amplitudes of ICP are reduced. Our clinical experience with High Frequency Pulsation (HFP) includes 11 patients with severe brain trauma. In clinical routine this method of HFV is more facile to applicate than FDV, because there is no need of a special endotracheal tube and sufficient CO2-elimination is not strongly dependent on precise position of the tube. But HFP, as FDV, includes all advantages of respiratory systems, that are open against atmosphere (coughing and simultaneous breathing, without drastically increasing airway pressure, suction during respiration, etc.). However, we could find no special advantages or disadvantages in ICP-course during long-term application of HFP (up to 10 days). Because application of HFV is dependent on special technical equipment, we investigated in 6 patients the influence of respiratory frequency, tidal volume and inspiratory flow on ICP-fluctuations using conventional ventilators. ICP was recorded by a new, self constructed pneumatic epidural pressure sensor. Ventilator-related ICP-fluctuations were found to be markedly reduced at frequencies of 20/min and usually eliminated at 30/min. We found an exponential correlation between ICP-fluctuations and respiratory frequency and there was no correlation between tidal volume and ICP. Central venous pressure amplitudes were found to be in linear correlation with respiratory frequency and tidal volumes as well. The amplitude of respiratory ICP-fluctuations seems to be more dependent on duration of expiratory time. As our findings demonstrate, artificial ventilation without entilator-related fluctuations in ICP ("brain-protective" ventilation) may be performed by conventional volume-constant, time-cycled ventilators.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3922126 TI - [Mycoses of the orbit and the eye]. PMID- 3922127 TI - Identification and control of work-released diseases. Report of a WHO Expert Committee. PMID- 3922128 TI - Blood pressure studies in children. Report of a WHO Study Group. PMID- 3922129 TI - Enteral and parenteral nutrition in the short bowel syndrome in children. PMID- 3922130 TI - The cost-effectiveness of early or delayed surgery in acute cholecystitis. PMID- 3922132 TI - The nutritional status of preschool children in Egypt. PMID- 3922131 TI - Reinnervation of the endocrine pancreas after autotransplantation of pancreatic fragments in the spleen of the dog: a morphofunctional study. PMID- 3922133 TI - [Need for the treatment of mild hypertension]. PMID- 3922134 TI - [Determination of the benefit-risk-cost relation for a scientific basis of the indications for x-ray diagnosis]. PMID- 3922135 TI - [Indication for skeletal x-ray studies]. PMID- 3922136 TI - [Long-term anticoagulation of the post-thrombotic syndrome]. AB - Observations of the course in 20 patients who underwent a long-term anticoagulation due to postthrombotic syndromes resulted in a clinical improvement according to the degrees of severity of the GDR section phlebology as well as in an increase of the plethysmographically measurable venous regurgitation. Thus the late sequelae of the postthrombotic syndrome may possibly reduced by long-term anticoagulation. In one third of the patients despite the anticoagulant therapy a decreased antithrombin-III-value was found. PMID- 3922137 TI - [Socioeconomic aspects of dermatologic surgery in medical practice]. AB - In the Federal Republic of Germany, the medical practice is not an enterprise with free calculation, but depends on fees determined by government or public authorities. The present official fees--even including extra allowance for outpatient operations--are not sufficient and thus counteracts against this money saving operating of outpatients. PMID- 3922138 TI - [Use of absorbable suture material in dermatologic surgery]. AB - Absorbable synthetic suture material (Vicryl, PDS) alone was used for wound closure in 1860 surgical interventions on the skin. The PDS suture is totally inert in intracutaneous tissue, and proved superior to the Vicryl suture. In combination, PDS sutures can also be used intracutaneously as well as conventionally. Additional advantages of absorbable material are the possibility of meandering and everted stitches in continuous intracutaneous sutures, no need for removal in most cases, and avoidance of intracutaneous scar dehiscences because of the good durability of the suture material. PMID- 3922139 TI - [Amrinone in acute and long-term therapy]. AB - The purpose of this study was to evaluate acute and chronic therapeutic effects of the positive inotropic vasodilating agent amrinone. 50 patients with cardiomyopathy or coronary artery disease and left heart failure participated in the study. Swan-Ganz catheterisation was used in 15 patients; following injection of 1.5 mg/kg amrinone, the mean pulmonary pressure decreased by 26%, the wedge pressure by 27%. Cardiac index rose by 18% (p less than 0.01). 35 patients were examined in the oral study, the avg. dose being 300 mg/day. After 2 and 12 weeks of therapy, exercise tolerance increased by 22% and 13% respectively (p less than 0.05). Cardiac output after maximal workload as determined by equilibrium radionuclide ventriculography increased by 27% and 30% respectively (p less than 0.05). 34 side effects occurred in 23 of 35 patients: nausea, orthostasis, angina pectoris, tachyarrhythmia, hepatotoxicity, thrombocytopenia, hyperuricemia and brown coloring of finger-nails. From the hemodynamic point of view amrinone is intravenously and orally effective. Careful selection of patients and frequent examinations are however necessary. PMID- 3922140 TI - [Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of organic nitrates]. PMID- 3922141 TI - [Significance of nitrates in acute therapy of heart failure with and without lung edema]. PMID- 3922142 TI - Tolerance to the hemodynamic and antianginal effects of the organic nitrates. PMID- 3922143 TI - The antianginal efficacy of isosorbide dinitrate: dose-response relation and long term effects of high-dose treatment. PMID- 3922144 TI - [Value of nitrates in modern coronary therapy]. PMID- 3922145 TI - [Cause of tissue swelling during osmification following glutaraldehyde perfusion fixation]. PMID- 3922146 TI - The overlapping effect of TSH and ESH on the embryonic chicken gonads at the mid incubation period. PMID- 3922147 TI - Production of four interfacial active rhamnolipids from n-alkanes or glycerol by resting cells of Pseudomonas species DSM 2874. AB - In a simple phosphate buffer or a sodium chloride solution resting cells of Pseudomonas spec. DSM 2874 produced up to 15 g/l of different rhamnolipids. The rhamnolipid composition of the organic crude extract depended on the temperature during the cultivation and on the C-source. The optimal sodium chloride concentration for rhamnolipid formation was about 100 mM/l and the optimal phosphate buffer concentration about 65 mM/l. The optimal pH-value for the production of rhamnolipids from n-alkanes or glycerol was in the range pH 6.0 7.2. While rhamnolipid formation with glycerol as the sole C-source showed a wide optimum ranging from 27 degrees up to 37 degrees C, production of rhamnolipids from n-alkanes had a sharp optimum at 37 degrees C. The addition of multivalent cations, different N-sources and EDTA caused an inhibition of rhamnolipid formation, while the n-alkane concentration had no influence. Specific rhamnolipid formation decreased with increasing cell concentration. Various C sources were suitable for the formation of rhamnolipids by resting cells of Pseudomonas spec. DSM 2874. Yields, which were comparable to those obtained on n alkanes or glycerol, were found for stearic acid, fatty alcohols and vegetable oils. A study of the time course of glycolipid production of resting cells was carried out in a 20 1-bioreactor with an intensor system and with n-tetradecane as the sole C-source. PMID- 3922148 TI - Kinetics of calcium-induced fusion of cell-size liposomes with monolayers in solutions of different osmolarity. AB - The effects of osmolarity, calcium concentration and cell-size liposomes in the subphase on the surface tension of phospholipid monolayers were investigated. The monolayers were spread from chloroform solutions of phosphatidic acid at air/water solution interface. The liposomes (of average diameter 3 micron) were formed from phosphatidic acid/egg lecithin (1:2) mixtures in water or 0.1 M water solutions of sucrose. For this system there were critical concentrations of calcium ions to produce a large reduction of the monolayer surface tension. The threshold calcium concentrations depended upon the sucrose concentration in the subphase. Without sucrose the threshold calcium concentration was 8 mM, while for isoosmotic sucrose solutions (0.1/0.1 M in/out of liposome) it was 14 mM. It sharply increased to 28 mM CaCl2 at sucrose concentration difference across the liposome membrane 0.02 M and decreased to 26 mM, 19 mM, and 18 mM with further increase of that difference to 0.04 M, 0.06 M, and 0.08 M, respectively. The rate of monolayer surface tension decrease was measured as a function of time at 30 mM CaCl2 and different sucrose concentrations in the subphase solution. The initial rates at first decreased with increasing the osmotic pressure and after that they increased. The minimum occurred at sucrose concentration gradient across the liposome membrane 0.02 M, i.e., at the point of maximum threshold calcium concentration required for large decrease of the monolayer surface tension. These facts may be explained by recent theories of dynamics of adhesion, instability and fusion of membranes modeled as thin films. PMID- 3922149 TI - Phenotypic diversity of cloned lines of Leishmania major promastigotes. AB - In vitro cultured promastigotes of virulent (V) and avirulent (A) cloned lines of Leishmania major, and the parental isolate LRC-L137, were examined with respect to morphology, cell size, growth rate, and apparent DNA content. Growth rates of all lines were comparable and both virulent (V121, LRC-L137) and avirulent parasites (A12, A52, A59) exhibited a progressive decrease in apparent DNA content with time in culture, as measured by incorporation of Hoechst Dye 33342. The four cloned lines and the parental isolate showed differences in the content of morphological variants and in the mean body length. Morphologically, there were similarities between A12 and A52 and between A59 and V121. Promastigote populations were also examined for the expression of the target antigen of a previously characterized monoclonal antibody, WIC-79.3. This antibody binds to a membrane antigen that is also present in culture supernatants of Leishmania of A1 serotype. Three different assays with culture supernatants all showed that V121, A59, and A12 were high producers with LRC-L137 and A52, low producers. Similar variation in expression of the 79.3 target antigen was detected in intact organisms of the various lines by immunofluorescence with flow cytometry. No simple correlation was found between the expression or release of the WIC-79.3 target antigen and virulence. The virulence or avirulence of all cloned lines for BALB/c mice remained stable. The data are discussed in terms of differentiation stages of L. major promastigotes and the continuing search for morphological and biochemical markers of virulence. PMID- 3922150 TI - Ultrastructure of the cysts of Sarcocystis grueneri from cardiac muscle of reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus). AB - Cysts of Sarcocystis grueneri from cardiac muscle of reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) in Norway were examined by transmission electron microscopy. The limiting unit membrane of the cyst proper formed regularly spaced invaginations into the cyst at numerous sites coinciding with interruptions in the underlying osmiophilic layer. The primary cyst wall formed numerous strip-like, sinuous protrusions, which were 30-40 nm thick, 150-300 nm wide and up to 4.5 microns long, and were running in parallel with the surface of the cyst. Generally the protrusions were arranged in several closely spaced layers compressed against the cyst. The nature and arrangement of the protrusions render them undetectable by light microscopy. Cyst ground substance divided the interior of the cyst into compartments containing typical sarcosporidian metrocytes and cystozoites. The cysts of S. grueneri from reindeer were ultrastructurally similar to cysts reported from red deer, roe deer and moose by other workers. The possibility that these cervids are hosts for a common Sarcocystis species is discussed. PMID- 3922151 TI - [Persistence of brucellosis L cultures in the body of an experimental animal and the duration of immunity]. PMID- 3922152 TI - [Mycoplasma persistence in cell cultures and the induction of morphological changes]. PMID- 3922153 TI - [Role of the L form in the persistence of pathogenic bacteria]. PMID- 3922154 TI - [Specific antibody dynamics and antigen circulation in the serum of animals with Rickettsia prowazekii persistence]. PMID- 3922155 TI - [Persistence of Rickettsia prowazekii in B mice and cotton B rats]. PMID- 3922156 TI - [Effect of antibiotics on the persistence of Rickettsia]. PMID- 3922157 TI - [Dynamics of the development of metabolic disorders and cachexia in stomach cancer patients and the means for their elimination]. PMID- 3922158 TI - [Clinico-laboratory aspects of gonorrhea recurrence in men]. PMID- 3922159 TI - [Historical aspects of syphilis serodiagnosis]. PMID- 3922160 TI - [Histomorphologic lung findings in long-term artificial respiration with special reference to extreme continuous artificial respiration using pure oxygen]. AB - The respirator lung is characterized histologically in the first exudative phase by capillary congestion, intra-alveolary edema, hyaline membranes and in most cases by concomitant inflammatory alterations. In the following irreversible phase, fibrous organization processes dominate and show a variable tendency towards pulmonary fibrosis. In 27 cases with long-term artificial respiration from 4 days to 12 weeks, mainly the proliferative alterations were investigated. In 18 cases, the histopathological findings indicated fibrosis of the alveolar septa with disseminated distribution. In 9 cases, focal fibrosis with obliterations of alveoli prevailed. The extent of pathological results in the lungs does not correlate with the duration of artificial respiration. In cases of artificial respiration with pure oxygen, there is a special toxic component, which is illustrated by a young woman with polytraumatism who was administered artificial respiration for 5 weeks with pure oxygen. She died from respiratory insufficiency with severe pulmonary fibrosis. As different pathogenetic factors may cause irreversible pulmonary fibrosis, histomorphological classification is difficult later and, moreover, forensic problems result. PMID- 3922161 TI - [Occurrence of enteritis-causing agents in private households--a pilot study]. AB - The increasing occurrence of infectious enteritis caused us to perform a prospective, epidemiological pilotstudy in households, in order to receive informations about the practicability of such a project and the bacteriology of food prepared at home as well. 10 families were asked to gather samples of all foodstuffs consumed during the day in separate containers and to keep them frozen at - 20 degrees C until collected by us once a week. Thus we received 4.683 samples within a 6-months-period. In the laboratory those samples were mixed following Table 2 and examined concerning the occurrence of enteropathogenic bacteria. Additionally we carried out an investigation of kitchensurfaces and utensils by means of "Rodac"-plates. The evaluation of the food-samples showed no growth of salmonella, shigella, yersinia or campylobacter; however, in 267 samples were found staphylococci, in 191 enterococci, in 388 enterobacteria, in 28 aerobic sporeformers and in 144 fungi. Mainly sausage- and meatproducts appeared to be contaminated by staphylococci, also enterococci and enterobacteria (Fig. 1); other groceries were colonized by these microorganisms only to a minor degree. Fungi and aerobic sporeformers were isolated primarily in salads, bakery- and milkproducts (Fig. 2). Though some of the foodstuffs contained up to 10(5) pathogenes/g (Fig. 5), no cases of gastroenteritis were observed within our families. In case of mishandling (e.g. storage of food in refrigerators with temperatures above 4 degrees C) the development of foodborne enteritis has to be taken into account. The kitchens' examination showed a relatively high degree of contamination with pathogenic resp. potentially pathogenic organisms, represented in Fig. 7 by data obtained from different objects of investigation (surfaces, sinks and cloths). PMID- 3922162 TI - [Chromosome analysis of female baboons following treatment with STS 557 and levonorgestrel]. AB - Adult, female baboons (Papio hamadryas) were administered orally once 18 h p.c., either 1.6 mg STS 557 (17 alpha-cyanomethyl-17 beta-hydroxy-estra-4;9(10)-dien-3 one) or 1.6 mg levonorgestrel. Investigations of the bone-marrow cells of these animals showed, compared to untreated controls, no signs of increased chromosome aberrations caused by the substances. The relative frequency of chromosome aberrations were estimated for controls: STS 557: levonorgestrel with 0.60 +/- 0.35 : 0.55 +/- 0.39 : 0.92 +/- 0.46%, respectively. The differences between the three groups investigated in the exact Fisher-test (2 alpha = 0.05) were not significant. PMID- 3922163 TI - [Serum electrolytes and acid-base parameters in blood and urine in cows with abomasal displacement (with reference to the reflux syndrome)]. PMID- 3922164 TI - [Applicability of estrogen determination in feces to the diagnosis of pregnancy in cattle]. PMID- 3922165 TI - Transketolase activity in the blood of cattle and sheep in relation to thiamine deficiency. PMID- 3922166 TI - The effect of isolation on plasma cortisol, glucose and free fatty acids in sheep. PMID- 3922167 TI - Differences in coagulability of three glutaraldehyde solutions in the glutaraldehyde test on bovine whole blood. PMID- 3922168 TI - The glutathione redox system in the rat liver after administration of carbon tetrachloride. PMID- 3922169 TI - Pulmonary haemodynamics in healthy calves and in calves suffering from respiratory disorders. PMID- 3922170 TI - Photoperiodic influences on reproduction of domestic boars. I. Light influences on testicular steroids in peripheral blood plasma and seminal plasma. PMID- 3922171 TI - Photoperiodic influences on reproduction of domestic boars. II. Light influences on semen characteristics and libido. PMID- 3922172 TI - Serodiagnostics of Corynebacterium (Rhodococcus) equi. PMID- 3922173 TI - [Economic evaluation of vaccination against Marek's disease in chickens by cost benefit analysis]. PMID- 3922174 TI - [Chemiluminescence immunoenzyme technic for detection of small numbers of bacteria demonstrated by the example with Pseudomonas aeruginosa]. PMID- 3922175 TI - Ultrastructure of the asexual multiplication of Besnoitia besnoiti (Marotel, 1912) in Vero- and CRFK-cell cultures. PMID- 3922176 TI - [Quantitative determination of immunoglobulin G binding to streptococci]. PMID- 3922177 TI - The existence of three different viral agents in a tumour bearing European eel (Anguilla anguilla). PMID- 3922178 TI - [Evolution of tool handling activity in monkeys]. AB - Main experimental data are presented which have been obtained on lower and higher monkeys. New understanding is suggested of regularities of interaction of primates with the environmental objects. The data are discussed in relation to historic and ontogenetic development of working activity in man. PMID- 3922179 TI - [Characteristics of hospital strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa]. AB - A total of 745 P. aeruginosa strains from patients with purulent inflammatory processes, 216 strains from the environment of a surgical hospital and 35 strains from carriers were studied with respect to 30 cultural and biochemical signs of P. aeruginosa. 19.8% of the strains were found to form no pigment, and in 14.8% of the strains delayed pigment formation was observed (on days 3-10). The most stable signs were motility (99.6%), growth in Simmons citrate agar (97.6%), growth at 42 degrees C (97.4%), arginine decarboxylase activity (96.8%). In 77.0% of the strains glucose assimilation in Hiss liquid medium, in 85.6% glucose oxidation in the OF test, in 90.8% the formation of urease and in 93.2% the formation of gelatinase were observed. Among the strains isolated from the environment, P. aeruginosa variants, atypical with respect to their main differentiating signs, were isolated significantly more frequently. PMID- 3922180 TI - [Pseudomonad infection in human pathology]. PMID- 3922181 TI - [Pseudomonas aeruginosa toxoid]. AB - P. aeruginosa adsorbed toxoid has been obtained. The stabilization of exotoxins and the content of proteases, hemolysin, lecithinase in their structure have been found to enhance the immunogenic potency of preparations which protect test animals from death caused by the experimental injections of toxins, homologous and heterologous to bacterial strains of different O-serogroups, into these animals. Antibodies neutralizing the lethal action of P. aeruginosa exotoxin have been detected in the blood sera of immunized animals. PMID- 3922182 TI - [Antibiotic sensitivity of the erythromycin-resistant strain E of Rickettsia prowazekii cultured in the vector's body]. AB - Experiments on the laboratory cultures of lice infected by Weigl's method revealed that the spontaneous, erythromycin-resistant mutant of R. prowazekii strain E, adapted to the vector's organism, retained its resistance to erythromycin during 50 successive passages without the maintenance concentrations of this antibiotic. The above strain remained sensitive to tetracycline and levomycetin. Its level of sensitivity to the latter antibiotics was similar to that of R. prowazekii strains cultivated in the vector's organism for a long time. PMID- 3922183 TI - [Serum immunoglobulin in Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection]. AB - The dynamics and nature of serum antibodies in experimental and natural M. pneumoniae infection have been studied. The synthesis of specific IgM, IgA and IgG has been found to occur in the course of infection. During repeated M. pneumoniae infection in guinea pigs, as well as in cases of acute and chronic mycoplasmal pneumonia in humans (at the acute period of the disease), the prevalence of the synthesis of specific IgM is observed. At the acute period of the disease a rise in the quantitative levels of IgM and IgG occurs in patients. High titers of specific IgM (1:32 and greater) determined at the acute period of the disease can serve as the diagnostic criterion of the mycoplasmal etiology of pneumonia. PMID- 3922184 TI - [Use of an in vitro allergy test for the differential diagnosis of human brucellosis and yersiniosis]. AB - The degree of the allergic reorganization in the body of brucellosis and yersiniosis patients was determined by the study of their blood and serum samples in the in vitro allergy test (the direct and indirect leukocytolysis test). The allergy test is highly specific and recommended as a differential diagnostic method in brucellosis and yersiniosis infections. PMID- 3922185 TI - [Development and experimental study of a dried nutrient medium for the microbiological diagnosis of streptococcal infections]. AB - The comparative study of different protein bases has shown that the combined base containing animal blood hydrolysate (amino peptide) and acidic casein hydrolysate, moderately cleaved, in the proportion 1:1 is a good source of nitrogen and ensures the intensive growth of streptococci. As determined by the study of the physiological parameters and growth of streptococci, the presence of fodder yeast extract, glutamine, glucose and phosphates in media containing blood hydrolysate and casein hydrolysate has been found to render a stimulating effect on the growth and multiplication of these organisms. The data thus obtained have been used as the basis for developing the formula of a dried culture medium, capable of ensuring the growth of streptococci without blood or serum added and not inferior in its quality to Todd-Hewitt Broth manufactured by Oxoid Ltd. (Great Britain) and Difco Laboratories (USA). The physico-chemical and physiological characteristics of the proposed medium have been determined. The use of the new dried culture medium in medical practice will make it possible to improve the microbiological diagnosis of streptococcal infections. PMID- 3922186 TI - [Biological, genetic and epidemiological aspects of diphtheria and normal human microflora]. PMID- 3922187 TI - [Effectiveness of a polyvalent corpuscular Pseudomonas aeruginosa vaccine, antibiotics and their combinations in experimental chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection]. AB - The data on the development of the experimental model of P. aeruginosa chronic infection in mice, produced by their intraperitoneal inoculation with the infective agent, and on the study of the properties of this model are presented. The model has been used in the experimental study of the preventive action of P. aeruginosa polyvalent corpuscular vaccine. The comparative study, carried out with the use of the proposed model, has been made with a view to evaluating the effectiveness of different methods for the treatment of P. aeruginosa chronic septic infection by means of antibiotics (polymixin B and tobramycin), P. aeruginosa polyvalent corpuscular vaccine and their combination. The combined use of this vaccine with antibiotics (polymixin B or tobramycin) has proved to give the most pronounced curative effect with respect to P. aeruginosa chronic infection. PMID- 3922188 TI - Age-related changes in prolactin and growth hormone release from pituitary glands in vitro. AB - The basal release of prolactin from cockerel anterior pituitary glands in vitro declined between 1 and 7 weeks of age, to a level less than that released by pituitary glands from 18 week old (adult) cockerels and hens. Basal growth hormone (GH) release increased between 1 and 7 weeks of age but had declined in adults to a level similar to that released from 4 weeks old cockerels. The responsiveness of the pituitary gland to hypothalamic stimulation, using hypothalami from 8 week old broiler fowl, was also age-related. Prolactin release was considerably higher from pituitaries of 1 week old cockerels compared to the other age groups. Stimulation of GH release by the hypothalamus was higher from pituitaries of both 1 and 7 week old cockerels compared to the other groups of birds. The increase in release of prolactin following incubation with thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH) declined between 1 and 7 weeks, but increased slightly in adult birds, whereas the increase in release of GH following TRH was higher from pituitaries of both 1 and 7 week old cockerels. Hypothalamic prolactin (Prl) releasing activity, measured as the ability of the hypothalamus to stimulate hormone release from 8 week old broiler fowl anterior pituitary glands, declined with the age of the donor cockerels. The hypothalami from adult hens secreted significantly more Prl releasing activity than did adult cockerel hypothalami. The secretion of GH releasing activity decreased markedly with the age of the donor bird. These results suggest that maturational patterns of hormone secretion in fowl are partly due to changes in autonomous hormone release, to changing patterns of hypothalamic activity and to differences in pituitary responsiveness to provocative stimuli. PMID- 3922189 TI - Steroidogenesis in isolated rat granulosa cells--changes during follicular maturation. AB - Steroid release was investigated in granulosa cells isolated from rat ovarian follicles at different maturation stages. Immature rats were treated with 10 IU of pregnant mare's serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) to induce follicular growth and maturation. Granulosa cells were isolated and subsequently incubated for 4 h in the absence or presence of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) or forskolin. The concentrations of progesterone (P), 20 alpha dihydroprogesterone (20 alpha DHP), testosterone (T) and oestradiol (E2) in the media were determined by radioimmunoassay. During maturation, basal release of T increased markedly at late dioestrus. At pro-oestrus, concomitant with a sharp rise in E2 and P release, T release returned to previously low levels. Addition of FSH or LH stimulated P release at late dioestrus and pro-oestrus but had no effect on E2 or T levels. Basal 20 alpha DHP levels remained low until a sharp rise at mid pro-oestrus. A stimulatory effect of gonadotrophins on 20 alpha DHP was first seen at this stage. The adenylate cyclase stimulator forskolin resembled FSH in all its effects. In summary, the present study demonstrates that maturing, but not preovulatory, granulosa cells have an increased capacity to release T during a relatively short period. It is suggested that this T peak could be of great importance for the further progress of follicular maturation. PMID- 3922190 TI - Comparison between the effects of FSH and LH on the steroidogenic pattern in isolated pre-ovulatory rat follicles. AB - The effects of purified FSH preparations from three different species (ovine, human, rat) on the steroidogenic pattern in isolated pre-ovulatory follicles of PMSG-treated immature rats were examined and compared to the effects of LH (ovine, human). Steroids were analyzed by RIA. During 6 h incubation, all three FSH preparations in a concentration range from 10-100 ng/ml caused a significant increase in progesterone (P), testosterone (T), and oestradiol (E2) accumulation. With LH a significant increase in steroid accumulation was seen in a concentration of 1 ng/ml. The time-course of stimulation by hFSH and hLH in a concentration of 10 ng/ml showed no difference in steroidogenic response between the two hormones, with a significant stimulation of steroids within 2 h. During prolonged incubation (6-8 h), accumulation of T was measured in the presence or absence of unlabelled 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone. Follicles exposed to LH did not increase their T formation, while follicles incubated in plain medium or in the presence of oFSH increased their T formation. In a concentration of 100 ng/ml hFSH showed a tendency to reduce maximal T production. These results suggest that FSH alone in physiological doses may stimulate T and E2 production in the preovulatory follicle. PMID- 3922191 TI - Testicular response to human chorionic gonadotrophin in chronic hyperprolactinaemia. AB - In order to evaluate the effect of hyperprolactinaemia on gonadal function in men, testicular stimulation by human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) (5000 IU/day, 3 consecutive days) was performed on 6 men with chronic hyperprolactinaemia and 6 control subjects. The following parameters were measured before and during the 4 consecutive days following the injections of hCG: the concentration in plasma of testosterone (T), oestradiol-17 beta (E2), dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and the urinary excretion of testosterone glucuronide (TG) and 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol glucuronide (3 alpha-Diol G). The rises in T, E2, DHT and the ratios of T/DHT and TG/3 alpha-Diol G were similar in both groups, but the rises in TG and 3 alpha-Diol G were lower in the hyperprolactinaemic group after hCG. There was no correlation between the response of T and the increment of E2 in either group. It is suggested that in men with chronic hyperprolactinaemia: 1) there is diminished testicular response to hCG; this could be due to chronic gonadotrophin deficiency or to a direct effect of hyperprolactinaemia on the testes, 2) there is no modulation of T synthesis through inhibition of aromatase activity and E2 secretion and 3) the 5 alpha-reduction of T is not deficient. PMID- 3922192 TI - Growth and function of the pancreatic beta cell in vitro: effects of glucose, hormones and serum factors on mouse, rat and human pancreatic islets in organ culture. PMID- 3922193 TI - Simulated spontaneous breathing. A new model for testing anaesthetic circuits. AB - A carbon-dioxide-producing lung model capable of simulating spontaneous breathing is presented. It consists of a piston in a cylinder, a mixing chamber and a dead space volume. The piston is driven by a direct-current motor controlled by a micro-processor and a servo unit. Respiratory waveform and rate, tidal volume, carbon dioxide production and dead space are easily adjustable within a wide range. The model is easy to handle and accurately mimics a given breathing pattern. It seems suitable for investigations of rebreathing and carbon dioxide elimination in different anaesthetic circuits. PMID- 3922194 TI - The Venturi anaesthesia circuit I. An all-purpose breathing system for anaesthesia. AB - The Venturi is a flow-accelerating injector, activated by fresh gas inflow from the anaesthetic machine. The Venturi entrains exhaled gas from the patient through a soda-lime canister, and carries it to the patient together with fresh gas. The Venturi circuit is a Mapleson D system and the fresh gas requirements are roughly 30 ml kg-1 min-1 for anaesthetized, relaxed, adult patients under controlled ventilation. PMID- 3922195 TI - The Venturi anaesthesia circuit III. Carbon dioxide elimination. AB - The Venturi circuit was studied with regard to CO2 elimination in a model experiment. A mean concentration of 0.6% CO2 in the fresh gas supply to the patient was accepted. The experiments demonstrated that a soda-lime charge of 200 g will cover the elimination requirements of CO2 in a Venturi circuit for any patient below 100 kg b.w. for a period of 3 h, while a soda-lime charge of 300 g will suffice for 5 h. The utilization of the soda lime charge is of the same order of magnitude as that of the much larger canisters used in circle circuits. In the Venturi circuit, the size of the soda-lime charge can be adjusted to suit the body weight of the patient and the expected length of the anaesthetic procedure. One soda-lime charge for each anaesthetic procedure is preferable from the point of view of hygiene. The charge should not be less than 200 g. PMID- 3922196 TI - Energy expenditure on breathing during anaesthesia. AB - Measurements of carbon dioxide production were carried out on 20 patients undergoing arthroplastic operation of the hip joint, under halothane anaesthesia supplemented with lumbar plexus block. Compared to spontaneous respiration, the carbon dioxide production during controlled ventilation, with and without muscular relaxation, showed a decrease of 19% and 12%, respectively. PMID- 3922197 TI - Flow pattern and respiratory characteristics during halothane anaesthesia. AB - Using pneumotachography, the flow pattern was analysed in detail and tidal volume, respiratory rate, dead-space to tidal volume ratio (VD/VT) and carbon dioxide output were measured in adults (Group A, n = 12) and 3-8-year-old children (Group B, n = 10) during spontaneous breathing anaesthesia with halothane and surgery. The respiratory cycle was divided by equidistant points into 40 parts and the flow at each point related to peak inspiratory and expiratory flow. Thus a relative flow pattern was derived. This relative flow pattern was almost identical in both groups. Characteristically, the flow curve showed rapid turns from high expiratory to high inspiratory flow rates without any end-expiratory flow pause (except in one adult). The minute ventilation was 6.6 +/- 2.0 1 X min-1 in Group A and 3.4 +/- 0.6 1 X min-1 in Group B, being correlated both to body weight and body surface area in Group A but not in Group B. The tidal volume was 210 +/- 60 ml in Group A and 78 +/- 13 ml in Group B, respiratory rate 31 +/- 4 X min-1 and 44 +/- 10 X min-1, respectively, and the VD/VT ratio 0.40 +/- 0.10 and 0.55 +/- 0.12, respectively. Carbon dioxide output was 173 ml X min-1 (STPD) in the adults and 82 +/- 13 ml X min-1 (STPD) in the children. It was correlated to both body weight and body surface area in the adults but not in the children. PMID- 3922198 TI - The brain octopamine and phenylethanolamine content in rats in thioacetamide induced hepatogenic encephalopathy. AB - The brain octopamine (OA) and phenylethanolamine (PhEA) content was determined in rats subjected to repeated intraperitoneal administrations of thioacetamide (TAA) known to produce different stages of hepatogenic encephalopathy (HE). A more than 2.5-fold increase of OA and a 2-fold increase of PhEA was observed after prolonged (3 times) administration of TAA, coinciding with impaired ammonia detoxication in brain and with the onset of pathophysiological changes typical for HE. Only insignificant changes in the content of the amines were observed in the early stages of the experiment as well as in the recovery period. The results are consistent with the "false neurotransmitter" hypothesis of Fischer and Baldessarini, assuming the participation of OA and PhEA in the pathogenesis of HE. PMID- 3922199 TI - The establishment of some microflora associated biochemical characteristics in feces from children during the first years of life. AB - This report presents a new approach to the study of the colonization of the digestive tract after birth. We have examined the development of four microflora associated characteristics, MACs, defined as the recording of any anatomical structure, biochemical or physiological function in the macroorganism, which has been influenced by the microflora. These MACs may create a basis for later investigations into the impact of diarrheal diseases and antibiotic therapy. The following biochemical characteristics were studied in feces from children of 0-61 months of age: conversion of cholesterol to coprostanol and bilirubin to urobilins, inactivation of trypsin and degradation of mucin. These results indicate establishment of microbes capable of converting bilirubin to urobilins within the second year of life. The mucin degrading and cholesterol converting microbes are established in most of the children during the same period. Tryptic activity was found to be absent in meconium, present in feces from all children up to 21 months of age, and absent in 6 out of 15 children in the age group 46-61 months. The study indicates that the establishment of the MACs in the digestive tract is a remarkably long drawn out process. PMID- 3922200 TI - Severe anorexia nervosa treated with total parenteral nutrition. Clinical course and influence on clinical chemical analyses. AB - Severe anorexia nervosa in which psychiatric treatment has failed is a life threatening condition since the degree of emaciation can be profound. Nine young women with a weight loss of 25-50% of their habitual weights were given total parenteral nutrition (TPN) over 3-8 weeks through a tunneled central venous silicone catheter. They initially received a mean of 55 kcal/kg body weight/24 hours increasing to 65-70 kcal/kg body weight during the first week. The initial bradycardia and hypotension were normalized and body weight increased with a mean of 2.5 kg/week. All patients showed a general somato-psychic improvement after two weeks of TPN. The electrolyte disturbances seen at the beginning were normalized during the first weeks of treatment and the previously reported life threatening electrolyte disturbances and dehydration in connection with TPN treatment were not seen. The only adverse effect registered was a rise in liver enzymes in two patients who were given greater than 80 kcal/kg and day. With a reduction of the caloric supply these changes normalized, and TPN could be continued. After 3-8 weeks the oral intake had normalized and TPN was discontinued. This study confirms that TPN can be used successfully and with minimal risk in severe anorexia nervosa until the patients have normalized their oral intake. PMID- 3922201 TI - Cellular calcium and the contraction induced by prostaglandin F2 alpha in feline cerebral arteries. AB - The influences of different calcium-entry blockers, sialidase and caffeine on the biphasic contraction induced by prostaglandin (PG) F2 alpha in the feline basilar artery (BA) were studied in calcium-free medium. After incubation in calcium-free solution, PGF2 alpha induced a contraction of the BA amounting to 87% of the contraction in calcium-containing solution. The response was biphasic in 41 out of 42 vessel segments. PGF2 alpha-induced contractions were markedly attenuated in TRIS-buffered solutions as compared to contractions in Krebs solution. PGF2 alpha failed to induce a biphasic contraction (8 out of 9 preparations) in calcium-free HEPES-buffered solution. Calcium entry blockade with 1 mM manganese or 10(-5) M diltiazem abolished the second and major phase of the PGF2 alpha induced contraction in calcium-free Krebs solution. The second contraction phase was also eliminated in four out of five preparations pretreated with sialidase (1 unit/ml for 30 min.), but was unaffected by a brief exposure to 20 mM caffeine in calcium-free medium. The present findings strongly support previous suggestions that a major part of the PGF2 alpha-induced contraction in calcium-free medium is mediated via the release of calcium bound to the exterior aspect of the cell membrane. PMID- 3922202 TI - Primary amyloidosis with increased plasma carcinoembryonic antigen concentration. A case report. AB - A patient with suspected malignant disease had increased concentration of plasma carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Amyloidosis was demonstrated at autopsy. The amyloid fibril composition was characterized by immunohistochemical and immunochemical techniques and proved to be of the lambda light chain (AL) type. CEA was demonstrated in the liver parenchyma by using antihuman CEA antiserum. Increased plasma CEA concentration in a patient with primary amyloidosis has, to our knowledge, not been reported before. PMID- 3922204 TI - Diphenylhydantoin encephalopathy. A case report. PMID- 3922205 TI - Massive heterotopic ossification in breast implant capsules. AB - A patient is presented with massive heterotopic ossification of breast implant capsules, 17 years after surgical implantation of Silastic prostheses. The patient has been receiving oral calcium supplements for the past 3 years. This condition developed diffusely throughout the breast capsules. The capsules were 1.2 to 2.2 cm thick and demonstrated a layered structure. The calcified material was demonstrated radiologically and histologically to be true ossification. PMID- 3922203 TI - TRH: pathophysiologic and clinical implications. AB - Thyrotropin releasing hormone is thought to be a tonic stimulator of the pituitary TSH secretion regulating the setpoint of the thyrotrophs to the suppressive effect of thyroid hormones. The peptide stimulates the release of normal and elevated prolactin. ACTH and GH may increase in response to exogenous TRH in pituitary ACTH and GH hypersecretion syndromes and in some extrapituitary diseases. The pathophysiological implications of extrahypothalamic TRH in humans are essentially unknown. The TSH response to TRH is nowadays widely used as a diagnostic amplifier in thyroid diseases being suppressed in borderline and overt hyperthyroid states and increased in primary thyroid failure. In hypothyroid states of hypothalamic origin, TSH increases in response to exogenous TRH often with a delayed and/or exaggerated time course. But in patients with pituitary tumors and suprasellar extension TSH may also respond to TRH despite secondary hypothyroidism. This TSH increase may indicate a suprasellar cause for the secondary hypothyroidism, probably due to portal vessel occlusion. The TSH released in these cases is shown to be biologically inactive. PMID- 3922206 TI - Relation of ABO and RH blood groups with renal cell carcinoma. PMID- 3922207 TI - Excessive reduction in peripheral resistance during exercise and risk of orthostatic symptoms with sustained-release nitroglycerin and diltiazem treatment of angina. AB - Acute effects of placebo, sustained-release nitroglycerin, diltiazem capsules, and the combination of both drugs were monitored in nine stable angina patients. They were randomized to receive either placebo or 13 mg of slow-release nitroglycerin orally (double-blind). This was followed in 1 hour by 120 mg of diltiazem orally, given to all patients (unblinded). Invasive hemodynamic measurements were made before and after each treatment at supine and sitting rest, two levels of submaximal, and at maximal exercise and twice in recovery. Compared to the control test at maximal exercise, sustained-release nitroglycerin increased aerobic capacity 24%, lowered peripheral resistance -32%, and lowered systemic pressure -23%, while the respective changes with placebo were -3%, 5%, and 2%. When diltiazem was added to placebo compared to the control test, there was a 4% increase in oxygen consumption and -9% and -4% reduction in systemic resistance and systemic pressure, respectively. The addition of diltiazem to nitroglycerin was associated with a 20% increase in oxygen consumption a -42% reduction in systemic resistance and a -32% reduction in systemic pressure. Two patients who received nitroglycerin plus diltiazem experienced symptomatic hypotension, while one patient who received placebo plus diltiazem experienced hypotension. These side effects caused the study to be terminated prematurely. Thus, although the combination of nitroglycerin and diltiazem had a greater effect on afterload than either drug alone, the combination did not provide greater improvement in cardiac performance. PMID- 3922209 TI - Effect of intracoronary nitroglycerin on myocardial blood flow and distribution in pacing-induced angina pectoris. Quantitative assessment by single-photon emission tomography. AB - Changes in regional coronary flow after administration of intracoronary nitroglycerin were assessed by measuring total coronary blood flow (using coronary sinus flow catheters) and its regional distribution (by quantitative single-photon emission tomography of injected radioactive microspheres). After pacing to angina, 10 patients with coronary artery disease received serial selective left coronary injections of technetium-99m microspheres, 40 micrograms of nitroglycerin, and indium-111 microspheres. Significant changes in coronary flow distribution were determined by subtracting prenitroglycerin from postnitroglycerin tomographic profiles. Perfusion of each myocardial segment was classified as normal mildly, moderately or severely compromised, based on upstream coronary anatomy. The overall increase in coronary flow was 23% in the normal territories and 33%, 44% and 15% (p less than 0.05), in the mildly, moderately and severely compromised territories, respectively, compared with control values. Thus, intracoronary nitroglycerin increased coronary blood flow to all perfusion territories. The increase in distribution of coronary flow was greatest in the mildly and moderately compromised regions and the least in the most severely compromised regions; this is probably a reflection of the underlying coronary reserve. PMID- 3922208 TI - Adaptability of the pulmonary system to changing metabolic requirements. AB - The conventional view of the healthy pulmonary system during exercise is of a very precise and mechanically efficient homeostatic regulator of ventilation and gas exchange occurring within the reserves of a near ideal architecture of the lung and chest wall. These regulatory and architectural limits may be exceeded in the healthy pulmonary system when extremely high levels of metabolic demand are needed. For example, arterial hypoxemia will often occur at exercise intensities demanding greater than 25 liters/min cardiac output. This may be due to inadequate red cell transit time in the pulmonary capillary bed whose blood volume has been maximally recruited, thereby resulting in alveolar-end-capillary oxygen disequilibrium. At these extreme levels of exercise the hyperventilatory response may be minimal (and clearly inadequate in terms of alveolar oxygenation) despite substantial and progressive metabolic acidosis or hypoxemia or both. This evidence of compromised ventilatory response and inadequate gas exchange in the highly fit human suggests that the pulmonary system may not be reasonably designed or adaptable (with long-term physical training) to the extreme demands imposed on gas transport by a truly adapted cardiovascular system. PMID- 3922210 TI - Vasodilator synchronized retroperfusion: quantitative assessment of flow-function relation in acutely ischemic canine myocardium. AB - To investigate whether addition of vasodilator drugs can increase the beneficial effects on the ischemic myocardium of diastolic synchronized retroperfusion (DSR), low doses of verapamil (2 micrograms/kg/min) or nitroglycerin (0.7 microgram/kg/min) were infused through DSR in open-chest dogs undergoing 180 minutes of proximal left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion. Verapamil DSR (n = 6), nitroglycerin-DSR (n = 6) or DSR alone (n = 8, controls) were started 10 minutes after the onset of occlusion and maintained for 170 minutes. Regional myocardial blood flow (MBF) (microspheres) and left ventricular function (endocardial ultrasonic crystals) were simultaneously assessed in nonischemic and ischemic zones in the 3 groups, before and after 10 and 180 minutes of coronary occlusion. DSR alone significantly increased ischemic regional MBF, endocardial/epicardial flow ratio and endocardial segmental length shortening. Verapamil DSR increased both nonischemic and ischemic regional MBF but reduced the endocardial/epicardial flow ratio and worsened ischemic contractile function. Nitroglycerin DSR did not modify ischemic transmural flow compared with DSR alone, but abolished the beneficial endocardial/epicardial blood flow redistribution, resulting in no additional improvement of contractile function. Thus, ischemic MBF and function are not improved by addition of small amounts of verapamil or nitroglycerin to the arterial retroperfusate in this model of acute myocardial ischemia. PMID- 3922211 TI - Early implantation stages in the marmoset monkey (Callithrix jacchus). AB - The morphology of the initial stages of implantation in the marmoset monkey (Callithrix jacchus) was studied by obtaining embryos and associated endometrium at timed intervals after ovulation. Estrus cycles were detected by measuring daily levels of plasma progesterone. Following a short follicular phase, circulating levels of progesterone above 20 ng/ml were taken as representing day 1 after ovulation. On this basis, single, twin, and triplet embryos were recovered from six perfused-fixed females on days 13, 16, 19, 23, and 29 after ovulation and prepared in resin for light microscopy. Early implantation stages, 13 and 16 days after ovulation, were characterized by the intrusion of syncytial trophoblast between epithelial cells of the endometrium with minimal cellular damage. Some hyperplasia of epithelium at the margin of the implantation site was evident. The consolidation of the initial attachment was achieved by an increase in syncytial trophoblast underlying the inner cell mass of the embryo which rapidly surrounded and breached maternal capillaries. Although initially separate, the chorions of twin or triplet embryos started to fuse by day 19 after ovulation. This process was complete by day 29 such that embryos shared a common uterine exocoelom surrounded by continuous trophoblast. It was concluded that implantation in the marmoset monkey commenced on days 11-12.5 after ovulation and involved an intrusive mechanism. Although trophoblast penetration of endometrium was superficial, maternal capillaries were tapped at an early stage of implantation. The fusion of chorions of twins and triplets first occurred around day 19 after ovulation. PMID- 3922212 TI - Compensatory enteral hyperalimentation for management of patients with severe short bowel syndrome. AB - In order to evaluate the effects of an unrestricted, compensatory, enteral hyperalimentation in patients with short bowel syndrome, we retrospectively selected from 128 consecutive patients with extensive small bowel resection a group of 25 who developed under this regimen a massive protracted diarrhea (fecal weight 2005-6188 g/day). All the patients but one were weaned from parenteral nutrition by the eighth day after admission. Although fecal weight increased in relation to the increase of the enteral intake, there was a significant gain of body weight, serum-albumin, and creatinine-height index and an improved fluid and electrolyte balance through the period of hospitalization. By contrast, 18 of the 25 patients developed hypocalcemia and/or hypomagnesemia. After discharge (median follow-up, three years), most patients resumed normal social activity. It is concluded that exclusively enteral hyperalimentation can stabilize most patients with severe short bowel syndrome even in the case of massive fecal losses. PMID- 3922213 TI - Urinary excretion of selenium by New Zealand and North American human subjects on differing intakes. AB - Lower renal plasma clearances of selenium (CSe 0.1-0.2 ml min-1), indicating excretion of a smaller proportion of Se presented to the kidneys, were found in New Zealand (NZ) residents with low plasma Se ((Se)p 50-70 ng ml-1) on customary intakes below 30 micrograms d-1 Se. North American subjects consuming 80 micrograms d-1 with (Se)p 120-140 ng ml-1 had CSe between 0.2 and 0.3 ml min-1. Several weeks' supplementation with high-Se bread increased NZ subjects' (Se)p to 120-175 ng ml-1 and CSe to 0.4-0.7 ml min-1. (Se)p remained elevated when supplementation ceased, but CSe returned to the basal range within a few days. Americans' clearances showed no such abrupt decrease when their dietary intake was similarly reduced. The NZ residents thus appeared to excrete selenium more sparingly than others. Rapid alterations in clearance after supplements and single doses were probably due to changes in the proportions of different forms of selenium in the plasma. PMID- 3922214 TI - Single agent vs. combination chemotherapy for ovarian cancer. AB - Forty evaluable patients with advanced epithelial cancers of the ovary received chemotherapy. Twenty-seven previously untreated patients underwent a 1:1 randomization between a combination of Cytoxan, Hexamethylmelamine, and Fluorouracil (CHF) versus a single agent, L-phenylalanine mustard (L-pam). Thirteen patients previously treated with other therapies received CHF as a second-line therapy. Eighty-five percent of the patients receiving triple therapy were responders, versus 57% in the single agent group. Fifty percent of the CHF group had a complete response versus 17% in the L-pam group (p = 0.09). All patients with complete resection of less than 2 cm residual disease at primary surgery were responders, regardless of the type of therapy. Response in these patients is defined in terms of disease-free interval. The importance of maximal surgical resection in management of these cancers is discussed. Five of eight patients treated with CHF undergoing second-look operations had no evidence of disease. One of three L-pam treated patients had no evidence of disease at second look surgery. Six of 13 patients (46%) had partial response to CHF as a second line drug. PMID- 3922215 TI - Nucleolus-associated localization of J chains in IgG 1(lambda)-producing myeloma cells. AB - By using both direct and indirect immunofluorescence technics and the PAP method, the authors observed an unusual immunocytochemical staining pattern in myeloma cells producing IgG 1(lambda). J chains were localized mainly as intranuclear spots, compared with gamma and lambda chains that are diffusely distributed in the cytoplasm with dense perinuclear accumulation. The present findings on the location, size, and number of the intranuclear spots suggest that J chains are nucleolus associated. The authors hypothesize that J chains are synthesized in the cytoplasm and transported into the nucleolus, where they associate with nucleolar proteins, or that they are synthesized within the nucleolus, which participates in biogenesis of ribosomes. PMID- 3922216 TI - Comparative evaluation of enzyme immunoassay and culture for the laboratory diagnosis of gonorrhea. AB - A commercially available, solid-phase enzyme immunoassay (EIA), called Gonozyme, was compared to Martin-Lewis medium in Jembec plates for the laboratory diagnosis of gonorrhea. A total of 577 clinical specimens (419 urethral and 158 endocervical) were collected from a high-risk, walk-in patient population attending a sexually transmitted disease clinic. The results showed that EIA was comparable to a conventional cultural procedure for identifying infected and noninfected males. In addition, the system may be used reliably for performing test of cure on urethral samples obtained from this male population. Gonozyme was also comparable to culture in identifying females who had gonococcal infection. However, because of the high incidence of false positive test results, most likely attributable to antigen persistence in endocervical secretions, EIA is not recommended for performing test of cure in the female. Overall, the Gonozyme system is an easily performed, rapid, and reliable system that provides for a noncultural alternative for the laboratory diagnosis of gonorrhea. PMID- 3922217 TI - Squamous cell carcinoma arising in a duplication cyst of the esophagus. PMID- 3922218 TI - The role of prostaglandins in human hypertension. AB - A large body of evidence supports the concept that prostaglandins (PG) are importantly involved in arterial pressure regulation. Various PGs, especially PGE2 and prostacyclin (PGI2) may influence blood pressure through control of vascular tone, sodium excretion, and renin release. Inhibition of PG synthesis by nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAID) augments the vasoconstrictor response to exogenous pressors such as angiotensin II, arginine vasopressin (AVP), and fludrocortisone. The acute administration of NSAID to either normotensive or untreated hypertensive subjects results in an increase in arterial pressure and peripheral resistance; long-term administration, however, is associated with little or no change in blood pressure, possibly because of a reduction in cardiac output. Although NSAID have little influence on blood pressure in normotensive subjects or untreated hypertensives, inhibition of PG synthesis blunts or abolishes the antihypertensive effect of most antihypertensive agents. NSAID antagonize the vasodepressor action of diuretics, beta-adrenoreceptor antagonists, vasodilators, and converting enzyme inhibitors. Consequently, potent NSAID should be used with caution, if at all, during treatment of hypertensive patients. Numerous studies have examined renal PG production in essential hypertension (EH). The majority have demonstrated reduced basal and stimulated urinary PGE2 excretion in EH compared to normotensive subjects, but there is substantial overlap. Nevertheless, renal PGE2 synthesis is significantly decreased in approximately one-third of patients with EH. A recent innovative approach to arterial pressure regulation has focused on dietary supplementation with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), especially linoleic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid. Several groups have demonstrated that long-term dietary supplementation with PUFA reduces blood pressure in both normotensive individuals and in patients with EH.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3922219 TI - Serum lactate dehydrogenase levels in adults and children with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and AIDS-related complex: possible indicator of B cell lymphoproliferation and disease activity. Effect of intravenous gammaglobulin on enzyme levels. AB - Twenty-seven of 33 patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) or AIDS-related complex (16 adults and 17 children) demonstrated significant elevation of serum lactate dehydrogenase activity, occurring in the isomorphic distribution. Serum lactate dehydrogenase activity was the highest in all nine patients with acute Pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis, in seven of whom extensive interstitial pulmonary infiltrates with lymphocytes and plasma cells were documented. Lactate dehydrogenase activity was also significantly elevated on a long-term basis in all 17 pediatric patients with non-Pneumocystis lymphoid interstitial pneumonitis. Clinical resolution of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis was associated with a decline in lactate dehydrogenase activity. Periodic intravenous gammaglobulin was more effective than conventional therapy (trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and pentamidine) in achieving clinical and immunologic improvement and reduction of serum lactate dehydrogenase activity in patients with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis. Intravenous gammaglobulin was also more effective in patients with AIDS and non-Pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis and lymphoid interstitial pneumonitis. Lactate dehydrogenase activity declined to normal, at least temporarily, in nine of 12 intravenous gammaglobulin treated patients as compared with only two of 12 untreated patients. Six adult patients with AIDS or AIDS-related complex and no interstitial pneumonitis exhibited normal lactate dehydrogenase levels. These findings suggest that serum lactate dehydrogenase activity in patients with AIDS or AIDS-related complex may be a useful indicator of pulmonary interstitial inflammation. As such, it may be utilized to predict disease course and monitor response to intravenous gammaglobulin treatment. PMID- 3922220 TI - Factitious brittle diabetes mellitus. AB - Five patients are described in whom factitious disease was the cause of brittle type I diabetes mellitus. The patients were referred from throughout the United States because their physicians had been unable to establish the reason for recurrent hospitalizations for diabetic ketoacidosis or coma. In three of the patients, unexplainable signs, symptoms, and/or laboratory results lead to the diagnosis of factitious disease. In the two remaining patients, long-term follow up was necessary before a factitious cause was established. These five patients exemplify the extraordinary measures that some patients will utilize to continue as a "patient" rather than return to a normal lifestyle. PMID- 3922221 TI - Eicosanoids as bioregulators in clinical medicine. AB - Formation of eicosanoids in stimulated cells and tissues is a ubiquitous phenomenon, but the precise physiologic or pathophysiologic role of these autacoids has not yet been defined. In contrast, understanding of synthetic mechanisms, metabolism, and catabolism of eicosanoids seems to have surpassed understanding of their pharmacologic actions. Early clinical research involving eicosanoids focused on reactions of the cyclo-oxygenase pathway, which are inhibitable by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The lipoxygenase pathway, which appears to be an important component of the allergic and inflammatory response, represents a new area of clinical research. PMID- 3922222 TI - Coronary heart disease and risk factor modification. Is there a threshold? AB - Modification of coronary heart disease risk factors may play an important role in the control and alteration of the atherosclerotic process. The amount of modification necessary to obtain beneficial results is a controversial issue. Review of epidemiologic studies and recent arteriographic investigations allows for the approach to the issue of threshold levels of modification that may be required prior to obtaining some benefit. Serum lipoproteins appear to play a central role in the atherosclerotic risk factor relationship. On the basis of current evidence, clinical aims are suggested for coronary heart disease risk factor modification in order to assist in obtaining optimal health goals. PMID- 3922223 TI - The clinical spectrum of alpha-L-iduronidase deficiency. AB - We present five patients with alpha-L-iduronidase deficiency who do not have the typical Hurler or Scheie phenotypes; they are compared to 28 similarly atypical cases from the literature. Phenotypic differences are pointed out and intrafamilial similarities stressed. Among the various possible explanations for this situation, the existence of genetic compounds seems acceptable for some of the cases, but others seem to be caused by different mutations. The elucidation of these alternative possibilities from recent biochemical research is discussed. PMID- 3922224 TI - Dilemmas in practice: a heart decision. PMID- 3922225 TI - Feeding ventilated patients--safely. PMID- 3922226 TI - Percutaneous umbilical blood sampling. AB - This report describes a technique for the performance of a sonographically guided percutaneous umbilical blood sampling and its potential uses in the management of diagnostic problems in the second and third trimester of pregnancy. The method has been employed in the prenatal assessment of 13 fetuses at risk for hemostatic failure (hemophilia and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura), chromosomal disorders, isoimmunization, and fetal hypoxia. This simple and rapid procedure offers access to the fetal circulation for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. PMID- 3922227 TI - Evaluation of gas-liquid chromatography for the rapid diagnosis of amniotic fluid infection: a preliminary report. AB - Gas-liquid chromatography has been proposed as a possible tool in the rapid diagnosis of amniotic fluid infections. The analysis is based on the identification of specific organic acids derived from bacterial metabolism when organisms are present within the amniotic fluid. We retrospectively subjected 69 samples of amniotic fluid which had been obtained by transabdominal amniocentesis to analysis by gas-liquid chromatography. Forty-seven samples were derived from patients who either were in premature labor or had premature rupture of membranes with associated premature labor. Twenty-two specimens which served as a comparison group were obtained from patients who underwent amniocentesis for assessment of fetal maturity. The results obtained from chromatographic analysis are presented, and the possible applications of this technique to the clinical situation are discussed. PMID- 3922228 TI - The future of our nation's health care--will rationing be needed? PMID- 3922229 TI - Dihydropyridine Ca2+ antagonists: potent inhibitors of secretion from normal and transformed pituitary cells. AB - Three dihydropyridine (DHP) Ca2+ antagonists were compared with several other organic Ca2+ antagonists with respect to their ability to inhibit depolarization dependent hormone secretion from the GH4C1 pituitary cell line and from normal rat pituitary cells. The three DHP, nimodipine, nisoldipine, and nifedipine, potently and specifically inhibited KCl-stimulated prolactin secretion from GH4C1 cells (estimated IC50 values: 1.8, 1.8, and 6.0 nM, respectively). Both basal and thyrotropin-releasing hormone-stimulated secretion from GH4C1 cells were much less sensitive to inhibition by the DHP. The inhibition by the DHP was reversible, and their potency was independent of depolarizing concentrations of KCl between 18.8 and 53.8 mM. Other organic antagonists, including verapamil, cinnarizine, and diltiazem, blocked secretion from GH4C1 cells but at much higher concentrations. The estimated IC50 values for these three were 1,000, 1,100, and 3,500 nM, respectively. Depolarization-stimulated prolactin secretion from normal pituitaries was inhibited by the DHP and verapamil at the same concentrations found effective in GH4C1 cells. KCl-stimulated 45Ca2+ uptake by GH4C1 cells was also blocked by DHP at concentrations that inhibited secretion. Since depolarization-stimulated secretion and 45Ca2+ uptake are probably triggered by Ca2+ entering through voltage-sensitive channels, the above results suggest that DHP antagonists potently block these channels in both normal and transformed pituitary cells. These Ca2+ channels appear to be identical in this respect. These findings further suggest a similarity between the Ca2+ channels of endocrine cells and those of smooth muscle and other excitable cells. PMID- 3922230 TI - Contribution of BAT and skeletal muscle to thermogenesis induced by ephedrine in man. AB - This investigation was performed to examine the role of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in thermogenesis induced by ephedrine in man. Light microscopy of biopsies from necropsy cases showed BAT to occur most frequently in the perirenal fat. Perirenal BAT thermogenesis was investigated in five lean men before and during stimulation with 1 mg ephedrine orally X kg body wt-1. Perirenal BAT thermogenesis was assessed by continuous measurements of local temperature and blood flow with the 133xenon clearance method. In the same study the effect of ephedrine on skeletal muscle oxygen consumption was estimated by measurements of leg blood flow and arteriovenous oxygen difference. The perirenal adipose tissue blood flow increased approximately twofold, whereas the local temperature increased approximately 0.1 degrees C on an average. Assuming that man possesses 700 g of BAT with a similar thermogenic capacity, this tissue contributed only 10 ml X min-1 to the 40 ml X min-1 increase in oxygen consumption in the subject whose perirenal BAT showed the most pronounced response to ephedrine. The leg oxygen consumption increased on an average 60% after ephedrine. By extrapolation of this value to whole body skeletal muscle, approximately 50% of the increase in oxygen consumption induced by ephedrine may take place in skeletal muscle. It is concluded that skeletal muscle is a tissue of importance with respect to the thermogenic effect of sympathomimetics in man, whereas the results do not support a major role for perirenal BAT. PMID- 3922231 TI - Transport of thyroxine bound to human prealbumin into rat liver. AB - The transport into rat liver of thyroxine (T4) bound to human prealbumin was studied with the use of sera obtained from patients with thyroid hormone-binding globulin (TBG) deficiency and with purified human prealbumin. The unidirectional extraction of 125I-T4 by liver was measured after rapid injection of isotope mixed in human serum into the portal vein of ketamine-anesthetized rats. The percentage of total serum T4 transported into liver was 47.6 +/- 5.2% in subjects with TBG deficiency, and this represented a 50% increase in hepatic T4 transport relative to control human serum. Since T4 is bound to albumin and to prealbumin in complete TBG deficiency, these results suggested that T4 bound to human prealbumin was transported into rat liver. This was confirmed using portal vein injections of human prealbumin at physiological concentrations (0.1-0.3 mg/ml). At these concentrations, T4 bound to human prealbumin was readily transported into liver. These studies suggest factors present in the liver microcirculation inhibit the binding of T4 to human prealbumin such that T4 bound to human prealbumin is highly transportable in liver; conversely, T4 bound to rat prealbumin is not transportable in rat liver. The inability of human prealbumin to sequester T4 in plasma may provide the basis for the selective advantage in humans of TBG, which does sequester T4 in plasma. PMID- 3922232 TI - Enzymes and metabolites of glycogen metabolism in canine cardiac Purkinje fibers. AB - Canine Purkinje fibers were isolated by microdissection and analyzed for four enzymes of glycogen metabolism and eight related metabolites. Purkinje fiber glycogen levels were very high, confirming earlier reports. Glycogen synthesizing enzymes, glycogen synthase and UDP glucose pyrophosphorylase, were on the average 47 and 70% higher, respectively, in Purkinje fibers than in myocardium. Phosphorylase activity was approximately equal in the two tissue types, and phosphoglucomutase was 31% lower in Purkinje fibers. The metabolites of glycogen 6-phosphate were all higher in Purkinje fibers (P less than 0.001), but glucose 1,6-bisphosphate was lower by 50%. Phosphocreatine and ATP remained high in Purkinje fibers during 2 min of ischemia, while the phosphocreatine level in myocardium was falling by 75%. The results of this study suggest that the high glycogen synthetic capability, high precursor levels, and overall lower metabolic rate in Purkinje fibers compared with myocardium may explain the much higher glycogen levels. PMID- 3922233 TI - Interstitial compliance and transcapillary Starling pressures in cat skin and skeletal muscle. AB - Interstitial compliance, defined as change in local interstitial fluid volume (delta IFV) divided by the corresponding change in local interstitial fluid pressure (delta IFP), has been measured in skin and muscle of pentobarbital anesthetized cats. IFP was measured with micropipettes and IFV as the difference between 51Cr-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid space and 125I-human serum albumin space. IFV was altered by overhydration (saline infusion, 10% of body wt, or by femoral vein ligation plus saline infusion, 20% of body wt) or by dehydration (peritoneal dialysis with 20% glucose). Control IFV in skin and muscle averaged 1.45 (SD 0.44, n = 22) and 0.37 (SD 0.04, n = 22) ml/g dry wt, respectively, with corresponding IFP of -1.9 (SD 0.4, n = 22) and -0.8 (SD 0.6, n = 22) mmHg. During dehydration, IFV fell by 5.5 and 10.4% per mmHg fall in IFP in skin and muscle, respectively. The maximal rise in IFP during overhydration was about 2 mmHg in both tissues. Analysis of covariance showed that compliance was lower in cats than in rats during dehydration (P less than 0.05). At subnormal IFV, IFP will therefore be more powerful in opposing capillary absorption of interstitial fluid in cats than in rats. IFP is, however, of similar importance in edema prevention in the two species. PMID- 3922235 TI - Non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs in asthma: dangerous or useful therapy? AB - The therapeutic potential of non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs in clinical asthma is offset by the real possibility of hypersensitivity and induction of severe airways obstruction. The influence of indomethacin on the antigen-induced asthmatic response was tested. Early and delayed asthmatic responses were recorded after antigen challenge in 13 subjects. Indomethacin pretreatment totally or partially inhibited the delayed asthmatic response in 10 of 11 subjects. Inhibition by indomethacin of products of the arachidonic cascade which participate in the pathogenesis of the delayed asthmatic response could explain this phenomenon. A similar therapeutic response was documented without adverse drug reactions when five subjects were restudied after several months. In the same group the early asthmatic response was suppressed in six, enhanced in two and unchanged in four of 12-subjects. This variable response indicates that spasmogenic prostaglandin breakdown products may be important for certain individuals, but are generally of less importance in the early asthmatic response. Clinical trials with indomethacin as a steroid saving agent in allergic asthma appear feasible and can be conducted safely. PMID- 3922234 TI - Acetoacetate and 3-hydroxybutyrate kinetics in obese and insulin-dependent diabetic humans. AB - [3-14C]acetoacetate (AcAc) and beta-[3-14C]hydroxybutyrate (beta-OHB) administration, measurements of labeled AcAc and beta-OHB in blood, and kinetic modeling have been used to investigate ketone body (KB) metabolism in five normal, five obese, and eight insulin-withdrawn diabetic subjects. Diabetic subjects were divided in mildly ketotic (MKD) and highly ketotic (HKD) patients according to beta-OHB blood level. A four-compartmental model successfully described the tracer kinetic data in obese and normal subjects, whereas in diabetic patients a five-compartmental model was necessary. Obese subjects showed a significantly lower (P less than 0.05) KB de novo synthesis (R30 = 159 +/- 54 (SD) mumol X min-1 X m-2) in comparison with normal subjects (282 +/- 93), but the clearance rates of AcAc (PCR1) and beta-OHB (PCR2) were similar in the two groups. R30 was 596 +/- 534 in MKD and 1,278 +/- 445 (P less than 0.01) in HKD. PCR1 was not significantly different both in MKD and HKD in comparison with normal subjects. In contrast PCR2 was markedly reduced in HKD (0 +/- 0 ml X min-1 X m-2) in comparison with MKD (1,031 +/- 615) and normal subjects (782 +/- 278). The percentage distribution of KB among various tissues inside the organism of diabetic subjects is abnormal. Both AcAc and beta-OHB recycling and mean residence time are not normal in HKD. A significant correlation was found between C-peptide and KB production in diabetes. These results suggest that a selective defect of beta-OHB peripheral utilization is important in determining and maintaining severe diabetic ketoacidosis. PMID- 3922236 TI - [Grand mal status and grand mal series--causes, therapy and course]. AB - This retrospective study includes 15 patients with grand-mal status and 17 patients with a series of grand-mal seizures. 8 patients with a grand-mal status never had seizures before. Encephalitis was the most common cause of a grand-mal status in our patients. As a rule, duration of a grand-mal status was less than 10 hours and comprised 8 seizures on average with seizure intervals less than one hour. The initial treatment of the grand-mal status consisted above all of phenytoin, diazepam or phenobarbital, or a combination of these drugs. 3 patients died within 2 months after the beginning of the status. Series of grand-mal seizures were observed mainly in patients with a preexistent seizure disorder; brain damage of early childhood was the most common cause which could be detected. The duration of a series of grand-mal seizures was 13 hours on the average, comprising 4 seizures with an interval of more than 1 hour. Phenytoin and/or diazepam proved to be an efficient initial medication. One of 17 patients died. The most common provoking factor in case of status and series were medication mistakes. The preferential drugs in the initial treatment of status and series of tonic-clonic seizures are the benzodiazepines (above all, clonazepam and diazepam) and phenytoin. The referral to an intensive-care unit is highly recommended. If seizures persist, treatment is continued with barbiturates (phenobarbital, thiopental). PMID- 3922237 TI - Ventilation, dynamic compliance and ventilatory response to CO2. Effects of age and body weight in infants and children. AB - Age dependent variations in minute ventilation (VE), tidal volume (Vr), respiratory rate and dynamic compliance (Cdyn) as well as ventilatory response to inhalation of carbon dioxide (CO2) were investigated in 20 spontaneously breathing intubated infants and children during halothane anaesthesia. Ages ranged from 6 days to 5 years. Seven patients were younger than 6 months of age. Ventilation volumes were measured by pneumotachography and end tidal carbon dioxide concentration by an in-line capnograph. Fluid-filled oesophageal catheters were used for pressure recordings. Measurements were made before surgery (with and without 2.22 and 3.71% of CO2 in inspired gas) and during surgery. Regression analysis of the relationship between VE and body weight revealed no direct proportionality. On a weight basis, VE was significantly higher in younger than in older patients. Tidal volume was directly proportional to body weight. The mean (SEM) value of tidal volume was 4.3 (0.2) ml/kg. Dynamic compliance showed a direct proportionality with weight. The mean (SEM) value of Cdyn was 10 (1.1) ml/kPa/kg. There was no ventilatory response in any patient to inhalation of 2.22% CO2. In the older group of children (greater than 6 months of age) VE increased by 34% during inhalation of 3.71% CO2 (p less than 0.025). In the younger patients (less than 6 months of age) no ventilatory response to inhalation of 3.71% of CO2 was found, indicating a more pronounced depression of ventilation in these infants. PMID- 3922238 TI - Spectrophotometric estimation of protein concentration in the presence of tryptophan modified by 2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl bromide. AB - A spectrophotometric method makes it possible to determine the concentration of a protein after covalent modification of tryptophan residues by 2-hydroxy-5 nitrobenzyl bromide. Molar absorption coefficients for the 2-hydroxy-5 nitrobenzyl chromophore, reported here in the pH range from 4.0 to 10.9, can be used to correct the protein absorbance values at 280 nm, which then provides the basis for calculating protein concentration in the usual way. The method was tested with alpha-lactalbumin, beta-lactoglobulin, pepsin, and soybean trypsin inhibitor; spectrophotometrically estimated concentrations of these proteins agreed closely with values obtained by amino acid analysis. PMID- 3922239 TI - Isolation and fractionation of ferritin from human term placenta--a source for human isoferritins. AB - A method for isolating ferritin from human term placenta was described. The placenta was homogenized in water containing protease inhibitor and heated at 70 degrees C. The ferritin was precipitated with ammonium sulfate at pH 5.2 and purified by repeated cycles of ultracentrifugation and molecular sieve chromatography through Sepharose 4B columns. Isoelectric focusing revealed a broad spectrum of isoferritins. These isoferritins were separated by ion-exchange chromatography on Sephadex A-25 at pH 7.5 and stepwise elution with increasing concentrations of NaCl. By this method "basic," "intermediate," and "acid" isoferritins were separated. The most basic placental isoferritin was shown to be identical to splenic ferritin by isoelectric focusing, subunit analysis, and fluorescent ELISA. The acid placental isoferritin had similar characteristics to heart-type ferritin. It was suggested that the easily available placental tissue could serve as a source for human isoferritins in research and in clinical assays. PMID- 3922240 TI - Microassay for ammonium by determination of ammonia nitrogen in a nitrogen analyzer. AB - The method described comprises the transformation of ammonium into ammonia, the rapid and gentle liberation of the ammonia followed by the measurement of the nitrogen in a Dohrmann nitrogen analyzer. Untreated biological samples (1-50 microliters) were pipetted onto magnesium oxide tablets at 130 degrees C and the ammonia liberated was transferred by a continuous stream of nitrogen carrier gas into the nitrogen analyzer. There the ammonia was determined by oxidative pyrolysis and subsequent chemiluminescence measurement of the excited NO2. The result could be read in nanograms ammonia nitrogen within 6.5 min. Apart from volatile amines, which are usually negligible in biological samples, the method was specific for ammonia because under the given conditions of volatilization the labile groups of glutamine and asparagine did not interfere. The assay was sensitive in the range of 1.5-150 nmol ammonia and suitable for the routine analysis of small samples. PMID- 3922241 TI - The use of the fluorescence photobleaching recovery technique to study the self assembly of tubulin. AB - Fluorescently labeled microtubule-associated proteins or poly-L-lysine (13,000 MW) were prepared by reaction with fluorescein isothiocyanate. The labeled compounds were used as probes of the assembly of calf brain tubulin using fluorescence photobleaching recovery techniques which allow measurement of the diffusion coefficient and percentage mobility of the fluorescent probe. When unfractionated tubulin (defined as material containing tubulin and microtubule associated proteins) was polymerized at room temperature or 37 degrees C, either probe could be incorporated into microtubules, since the observed diffusion coefficient (approximately 1.7 X 10(-8) cm2/s) was much slower than that for either probe free in solution. The microtubules formed in the presence of labeled microtubule-associated proteins were free to diffuse while those formed in the presence of labeled polylysine were partially immobilized. Thus the fluorescence photobleaching recovery technique can be used to measure crosslinking of microtubules as well as assembly or interactions with other structures. When unfractionated tubulin was incubated with labeled polylysine in the presence of Ca2+ at room temperature, the observed diffusion coefficient (approximately 5.1 X 10(-8) cm2/s) probably represents the formation of rings of tubulin. The effect of mild and vigorous shearing, of cholchicine, and of different Mg2+ concentrations on the properties of the system were examined. PMID- 3922242 TI - Purification of bovine heart glycogen synthase. AB - Glycogen synthase was purified to apparent homogeneity from bovine heart muscle by a procedure involving precipitation of the enzyme in the presence of added glycogen by polyethylene glycol, chromatography on DEAE-Sephacel, and high-speed centrifugation through a sucrose-containing buffer. The enzyme was maintained in the presence of glycogen during the isolation procedure. Glycogen synthase I and D preparations were obtained having specific activities of 21-25 and 30-35 units/mg protein at pH 7.8 and 30 degrees C and having activity ratios of 0.5-0.6 and 0.05-0.10, respectively, when assayed in the absence and in the presence of glucose 6-P. PMID- 3922243 TI - Improved sensitivity in homogeneous enzyme immunoassays using a fluorogenic macromolecular substrate: an assay for serum ferritin. AB - A new highly sensitive nonseparation enzyme immunoassay for human serum ferritin is described. Reagents include a beta-galactosidase-ferritin conjugate, sheep anti-ferritin, anti-sheep IgG, and dextran-linked beta-galactosylumbelliferone as enzyme substrate. The method is based on inhibition of enzyme activity when anti ferritin binds to the enzyme-ferritin conjugate. Ferritin in the sample and enzyme-labeled ferritin compete for a limited quantity of anti-ferritin. The enzyme activity of the reaction mixture is directly related to the ferritin content of the sample. Some patients' samples caused strong interference in the assay due to the presence of antibody to beta-galactosidase. Several ways of eliminating the interference are presented. When measures were adopted to suppress sample interference, the assay results correlated well with those of other immunoassay methods. PMID- 3922244 TI - Purification, preliminary characterization, and immunological comparison of hog lens leucine aminopeptidase (EC 3.4.11.1) with hog kidney and beef lens aminopeptidases. AB - Leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) was purified from hog lenses by application of the Himmelhoch procedure for isolation of hog kidney LAP [S. R. Himmelhoch (1970) in Methods in Enzymology (Perlmann, G. E., and Lorand, L., eds.), Vol. 19, pp. 508 513, Academic Press, New York.] This involved treating crude hog lens homogenates with hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, DEAE-cellulose adsorption and elution, ammonium sulfate fractionation (53-84% of saturation), and gel filtration on a Bio-Gel A-1.5m column. Purifications ranging from 2080- to 4700-fold with activity yields from 28 to 100% were achieved. The hog lens LAP appeared homogeneous by native and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). Bio-Gel chromatography of the native enzyme and SDS-PAGE of dimethylsuberimidate-crosslinked LAP indicated a molecular weight of 326,000. SDS-PAGE of untreated LAP showed a subunit weight of 54,000, consistent with a hexameric enzyme structure. By immunodiffusion, LAP from hog lens and kidney were identical while hog lens and beef lens enzymes demonstrated only partial identity. Electrophoresis of the native enzymes showed a slightly lower mobility for the hog lens LAP than for beef LAP at pH 8.7. PMID- 3922245 TI - An enzyme-linked immunoassay for the detection of antibodies to endoplasmic reticulum. AB - A simple, sensitive solid-phase assay for the detection of antibodies to endoplasmic reticulum is described. The assay is dependent upon the amount of antigen bound to the solid support and upon the amount of antibody bound to the support via the relevant antigen. The assay can be used to measure both polyclonal and monoclonal antibody to endoplasmic reticulum. It has been used to isolate several monoclonal antibodies which can recognize and precipitate specific proteins of the endoplasmic reticulum. In addition, it has been used to probe the membrane orientation of endoplasmic reticulum antigens. PMID- 3922246 TI - Combustion of organic samples by infrared furnace for carbon isotope analysis. AB - An apparatus for converting organic samples to carbon dioxide is described. It is especially designed to determine stable carbon isotope ratio of field samples. Unlike previous apparatus of similar configuration, a "Craig-line," it is free from the deposition of charred carbon on the line that results from an incomplete conversion. It includes an infrared furnace that heats both a CuO column and a sample tube. A removable, stainless-steel tube is present around the heated area, and this particular configuration makes it possible to begin every combustion procedure from room temperature, and consequently, to achieve a complete evacuation of air from the line even for heat-labile samples. The apparatus also includes a column that eliminates contaminating oxides such as nitrous oxide. The time necessary to process a sample is less than 30 min, and the precision of the carbon isotope measurement is comparable with that of "Craig-line." The coefficient of variation of carbon content determinations was no more than a few percents for most samples examined. An incidental finding was made that an isotopic fractionation of uric acid occurred during its preparation from penguin excreta by a high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 3922247 TI - Impaired Leydig cell function in vitro in testicular tissue from human males with "Sertoli cell only" syndrome. AB - Testicular histopathology in patients with "Sertoli Cell Only" Syndrome is characterized by absence of germinal cells. Some of these patients have high levels of LH in their peripheral blood as well as subnormal serum testosterone levels. This indicates a possible correlation between the lack of germinal cells and an impairment of Leydig cell steroidogenic activity. It has previously been shown that in vitro conversion of tritiated steroid precursors within testicular tissue indicates the Leydig cell steroidogenic activity. In this study we have investigated whether or not testicular tubular cell disorder with lack of germinal cells is related to impairment of the intratesticular steroid metabolism in vitro. Ten patients with testicular histopathology characteristic of "Sertoli cell only" syndrome were investigated and their steroid metabolism patterns were compared with those of 22 control patients. Leydig cell dysfunction was found in the group of patients with SOS; 17 alpha-hydroxylation was significantly lower and the production of 20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone was significantly higher, as compared to the control patients. The Leydig cell impairment may be due to a disturbed influence from the damaged tubules. PMID- 3922248 TI - Selected enzyme histochemistry of Sertoli cells. 1. Immature rat Sertoli cells in vitro. AB - Sertoli cells were collected from the testes of 21 day old, sexually immature Wistar rats. The cells were then incubated for 10 or 14 days in culture medium with or without the addition of FSH. This time period corresponds to the time period in vivo when rat Sertoli cells undergo active differentiation with concomitant histochemical and morphological changes. Cells cultured 10 and 14 days after initial plating were processed for the histochemical detection of three esterases and four dehydrogenases by observing relative staining intensities of azo dye precipitation and formazan reaction product, respectively. Appropriate controls were established. The presence of FSH mildly increased the staining activity of LDH, SDH and G-6-PDH in both 10 and 14 day cultured cells. However, SDH staining intensity/cell did not increase to surpass LDH staining intensity/cell as it does in vivo during this period of time. Addition of FSH also slightly increased staining of non-specific esterase. Type B esterase and 3 beta-ol DH activity was not evident in 10 and 14 day cultured cells, even in the presence of FSH. Our results indicate that, based on histochemical parameters, immature Sertoli cells do not mature in culture commensurate with the cell in vivo. PMID- 3922249 TI - Hypophyseal-gonadal dysfunction in men with non-alcoholic liver cirrhosis. AB - Seven males with liver cirrhosis associated with hepatitis and one with schistosomal liver fibrosis were studied for hypophyseal gonadal dysfunction and compared to six age matched controls. Cirrhotics as a group had higher serum 17 beta estradiol levels (22.1 +/- 6.3 vs 7.8 +/- 0.8 pg/ml, p less than 0.05) which did not rise after four days of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) stimulation. Conversely, there was an adequate rise in serum testosterone level after hCG stimulation (332.8 +/- 99.7 ng/dl baseline to 887.6 +/- 67.1 ng/dl, p less than 0.01). Compared to the controls, cirrhotics had lower baseline serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) (3.6 +/- 1.7 vs. 10.2 +/- 1.5 mIu/ml, p less than 0.02) and higher serum prolactin (13.5 +/- 2.5 vs. 6.8 +/- 1.0 ng/ml, p less than 0.05). Pituitary dynamic function testing in cirrhotics revealed blunted response of luteinizing hormone (LH) and FSH, to luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) in four out of eight subjects tested. We conclude that the mechanism of hypogonadism in non-alcoholic cirrhosis is mostly hypogonadotropic in origin rather than primary gonadal injury which is common in alcoholic cirrhosis. PMID- 3922250 TI - Adjunctive use of dantrolene in severe tetanus. PMID- 3922251 TI - Positive end-expiratory pressure produced by water in the condensation chamber of a CO2 absorber. PMID- 3922252 TI - Nalbuphine antagonism of ventilatory depression following high-dose fentanyl anesthesia. PMID- 3922253 TI - [Controlled hypotension using nitroglycerin]. PMID- 3922254 TI - The low yield of routine radiographic screening of tuberculin-positive hospital employees. AB - On the basis of limited benefit in relation to cost, mass radiographic screening for tuberculosis was challenged and abandoned in the 1970s. In the 1980s the value of such periodic screening of hospital employees with known positive tuberculin reactions was queried on the same grounds but without comparable data. We report here the results of 11 years of radiographic screening of tuberculin positive employees of a university hospital. Although 3900 chest films were obtained at considerable cost, only one proved and six suspect cases of tuberculosis were detected, all of which were symptomatic. Even in the absence of symptoms all could have been identified by other screening criteria, five on the basis of recent tuberculin conversion and two as tuberculin-positive new employees. These data support the recent statement that periodic chest roentgenograms of hospital employees with known positive reactions to tuberculin skin testing are not justified. PMID- 3922255 TI - Allergenicity and immunogenicity of house-dust mite (Dermatophagoides farinae) antigens treated with glutaraldehyde. AB - Extract from house dust mite (Dermatophagoides farinae) was treated with glutaraldehyde (GA) and examined for its allergenicity and immunogenicity. The allergenicity of glutaraldehyde-treated mite extract (GA-M) was decreased significantly when compared with untreated mite extract (UN-M) by skin test in mite allergic individuals. Immunogenicity of GA-M was at least similar with that of UN-M, when examined by formation of antibodies to UN-M in guinea pigs. Fractionations of GA-M and UN-M revealed that polymerization occurred and proteins of higher molecular weight increased after the treatment of mite extract with GA. The results suggest potential usefulness of the polymerized mite antigens in immunotherapy. PMID- 3922256 TI - Comparison of central venous and arterial pH and PCO2 during open-chest CPR in the canine model. AB - Arterial blood gases are difficult to obtain during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in human beings, and the possibility of venous sampling is raised frequently. The reliability of central venous gases as a substitute for arterial blood gases in assessing acid base status, however, has not been investigated adequately under conditions of CPR. Therefore, femoral arterial and central venous catheters were placed in 24 mongrel dogs, and ventricular fibrillation was electrically induced. After varying predetermined downtimes from five to 60 minutes, open-chest CPR was begun, and arterial and central venous blood gases were simultaneously drawn every five minutes during a 30-minute period. Arterial pH (pHa) was consistently higher than central venous pH (pHcv) by an average of .048 units. A significant correlation existed between the pHa and pHcv at all times during CPR, with an overall r = .9771 (P less than .0001). The difference between central venous PCO2 (PcvCO2) and arterial PCO2 (PaCO2) was 5.17 mm Hg prior to cardiac arrest, but it increased 300% to a mean of 15.51 mm Hg during CPR. Correction of pHcv using conventional methods to account for this respiratory component decreased the correlation between pHa and pHcv to r = .6905. The ability of pHcv to substitute for pHa was assessed, and showed a sensitivity of 100% when pHa of 7.2 was used as a criterion for treatment. In this model, pHcv is a sensitive indicator of pHa and it may be used to guide bicarbonate therapy. The increased PcvCO2 during CPR probably results from the marked tissue lactic acid production and subsequent shift of the bicarbonate buffer into free carbon dioxide. PMID- 3922257 TI - ABG determination. PMID- 3922258 TI - Inhibition of phagosome-lysosome fusion in macrophages by soluble extracts of virulent Brucella abortus. AB - Water extracts of virulent Brucella abortus were able to inhibit phagosome lysosome fusion in unelicited murine peritoneal macrophages following ingestion of yeast. Extracts from an avirulent strain were unable to produce a similar effect. Lipopolysaccharide from B abortus did not appear to be involved with the ability of the extracts to inhibit fusion. PMID- 3922259 TI - Ultrastructure of schizonts in the liver of cats with experimentally induced cytauxzoonosis. AB - Schizonts in the liver of 2 cats with cytauxzoonosis were studied by both light and electron microscopies. By light microscopy, the cytoplasm of macrophages in the sinusoids and small vascular channels contained schizonts with cytomeres or both cytomeres and mature merozoites. By electron microscopy, it was determined that schizogony occurred in 4 stages. The earliest stage was the presence of a multilobed structure containing finely granular protoplasm in the cytoplasm of the macrophage. The 2nd stage was an increase in height and number of the lobulations on the surface of the schizont. The 3rd stage involved the development of cytomeres and the appearance of a polar ring and rhoptries in everted sacculations on the cytomere membrane. Nuclei and mitochondria were incorporated into the sacculations before the release of mature merozoites into the host cell cytoplasm. In the last stage of schizogony, following massive merozoite formation and reduction in size of the schizont, residual nuclei divided by multiple fission. Each nuclear division became incorporated into a developing merozoite having preformed rhoptries, mitochondria, and a polar ring. PMID- 3922260 TI - Cryopreservation of Babesia bigemina for in vitro cultivation. AB - Babesia bigemina-infected RBC and merozoites were cryopreserved and used to initiate in vitro cultures in normal bovine RBC; the cryoprotectant was a final 10% polyvinylpyrrolidone in Vega y Martinez solution. A cooling rate of 20 C/min until -80 C and then rapid transfer to liquid N2 storage was satisfactory. Samples for culture initiation were rapidly thawed at 37 C, washed in Vega y Martinez solution and resuspended in complete culture media containing 10% normal bovine RBC. The optimum culture conditions to reestablish cultures were a 24-well plate (16 mm ID), 5 mm in depth, and an atmosphere of 2% to 5% O2, 5% CO2, and 93% to 90% N2. PMID- 3922261 TI - Pharmacokinetics of ticarcillin in the dog. AB - Five healthy adult dogs were given a single IV dose (40 mg/kg of body weight) of ticarcillin disodium. Serum concentrations were measured serially over a period of 12 hours. Five days later, the drug was administered IM to the dogs at the same dose rate, and serum concentrations were measured serially for 12 hours. The mean peak serum concentration after IM administration was 120.5 micrograms/ml at 1.5 hours. Pharmacokinetic values following IV administration were (i) elimination rate constant = 0.8/hour-1, (ii) half-life = 0.8 hour, (iii) serum clearance = 292 ml/hr/kg, and (iv) apparent volume of distribution = 347 ml/kg. Estimated values after IM administration were (i) elimination rate constant = 0.6/hour, (ii) half-life = 1.1 hours, (iii) serum clearance = 218 ml/hr/kg, and (iv) apparent volume of distribution = 345 ml/kg; only the elimination rate constants were significantly different between the 2 routes of administration. PMID- 3922262 TI - Serum concentrations of thyroxine, 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine, thyrotropin, and prolactin in dogs before and after thyrotropin-releasing hormone administration. AB - Serum concentrations of thyrotropin (TSH), prolactin, thyroxine, and 3,5,3' triiodothyronine in 15 euthyroid dogs and 5 thyroidectomized and propylthiouracil treated dogs after thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) administration were measured. Although thyroidectomized and propylthiouracil-treated dogs had higher (P less than 0.01) base-line concentrations of TSH in serum than did euthyroid dogs, concentrations of TSH after TRH administration varied at 7.5, 15, and 30 minutes with 14 of 45 samples obtained from healthy dogs having lower TSH concentrations than before TRH challenge. Similarly, concentrations of 3,5,3' triiodothyronine in the serum of euthyroid dogs 4 hours after TRH administration were similar (P less than 0.05) to concentrations before TRH challenge. Although the mean concentration of thyroxine in serum was elevated (P less than 0.05) 4 hours after administration of TRH to euthyroid animals, as compared with base line levels, the individual response was variable with concentrations not changing or decreasing in 4 dogs. Therefore, the TRH challenge test as performed in the current investigation was of limited value in evaluating canine pituitary gland function. Although mean concentrations of TSH in serum were higher (P less than 0.05) in euthyroid dogs after TRH administration, the response was too variable among individual animals for accurate evaluation of pituitary gland function. Concentrations of prolactin in the sera of dogs after TRH administration, confirmed previous reports that exogenously administered TRH results in prolactin release from the canine pituitary and indicated that the TRH used was biologically potent. PMID- 3922263 TI - Poikilocytosis in dogs with chronic doxorubicin toxicosis. AB - Peripheral blood smears made during 2 studies of chemical antidotes for doxorubicin (DRB) cardiotoxicity in dogs were examined to determine the incidence of poikilocytosis. The 1st study had significantly (P less than 0.05) increased numbers of poikilocytes in 3 groups of 5 dogs, each treated with DRB alone, DRB plus thyroxine (0.5 mg/day), and DRB plus thyroxine (2.0 mg/day), respectively, compared with 1 group of 5 dogs treated with thyroxine alone (2.0 mg/day). In addition, the DRB-treated dogs had regenerative anemia characterized by an increased reticulocyte index. The 2nd study had a significant (P less than 0.05) increase in poikilocytes in 4 groups of 6 dogs, each treated with DRB alone, DRB plus +/- -1,2-bis(3-5-dioxopiperazinyl-1-yl; ICRF-187), DRB plus N-acetylcysteine (NAC), and drb plus ICRF-187 plus NAC, respectively, compared with 4 groups of 3 dogs, each treated with ICRF-187 plus saline solution (SS), NAC plus SS, ICRF-187 plus NAC plus SS, and SS alone, respectively. In both studies, the poikilocytes were identified as echinocytes, spiculated erythrocytes, and schizocytes. Administration of thyroxine and ICRF-187 did not prevent the occurrence of poikilocytosis in DRB-treated dogs. Administration of NAC with DRB resulted in a mild decrease in the extent of poikilocytosis compared with that observed in dogs given DRB alone. The hematologic changes observed in both studies were not accompanied by adverse clinical signs referable to the DRB-induced alterations in erythrocytes. PMID- 3922264 TI - Arterial to end-tidal CO2 tension and alveolar dead space in halothane- or isoflurane-anesthetized ponies. AB - The correlation between end-tidal partial pressure of CO2 (PETCO2) and arterial (PaCO2) was determined for spontaneously breathing ponies under halothane or isoflurane anesthesia. The PETCO2 was useful as a trend indicator of PaCO2 during the first 60 minutes of halothane or isoflurane anesthesia when PaCO2 values were less than 60 to 70 mm of Hg. Halothane anesthesia lasting greater than 90 minutes was associated with PaCO2 values in excess of 60 to 70 mm of Hg, a large arterial to end-tidal PCO2 difference (PaCO2-PETCO2) and a significant increase in alveolar dead space. These effects were not seen during the same period of isoflurane anesthesia. Arterial blood gas analysis is therefore recommended during halothane anesthesia when the PETCO2 is greater than 60 to 70 mm of Hg. A decrease in alveolar capillary perfusion relative to alveolar ventilation is the most likely cause for the increase in alveolar dead space during halothane anesthesia. Based on these findings, isoflurane may be superior to halothane for prolonged anesthesia of spontaneously breathing horses. PMID- 3922265 TI - Heavy metals in tissues of cattle exposed to sludge-treated pastures for eight years. AB - Cattle allowed to graze pastures variously treated with anaerobically digested sludge (ADS) for up to 8 years, contained higher concentrations of heavy metals and organic compounds in some tissues than did cattle not exposed to ADS. Chemical analyses were made on heart, diaphragm, liver, kidney, brain, and bone to determine the amount of Zn, Cu, Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, Fe, and Hg. Determinations for organic compounds (polychlorinated-biphenyls, dieldrin, and heptachlor/epoxide) were made on visceral fat. Cadmium was the only metal to accumulate consistently in increased amounts. Amounts of Cd accumulated in kidneys and livers were higher in cattle exposed to ADS than in cattle not exposed to ADS. Although the amounts were higher in cattle exposed to ADS, none of the cattle had detectable evidence of disease or pathologic conditions. The mean amount of Cd in kidneys of cattle exposed to ADS was 44 vs 9 mg/kg dry weight. Amounts of other heavy metals in the body tissues were generally not unusual and were similar in both groups of cattle. Polychlorinated-biphenyl concentrations were higher in the visceral fat of cattle exposed to ADS. All cattle in both herds remained healthy, and pathologic changes that could be attributed to association with ADS were not detected. Seemingly, ADS can be used safely to produce cattle forage without endangering the health of cattle. PMID- 3922266 TI - Effects of endotoxemia on lung water and hemodynamics in conscious calves. AB - The effects of endotoxemia on cardiovascular and pulmonary parameters were determined in conscious, 4- to 6-week-old calves. Escherichia coli endotoxin was infused continuously (4 micrograms/kg/hr, IV) for 5 hours. During endotoxemia, pulmonary vascular resistance and mean pulmonary artery pressure increased, and cardiac index, central plasma volume, and mean systemic arterial pressure decreased. Neutrophil, lymphocyte, and platelet counts also decreased. During the first hour of endotoxemia PaO2 decreased, and alveolar-arterial O2 gradient and shunt fraction increased. Lung extravascular thermal volume was increased from 2 to 5 hours. Postmortem extravascular lung water/extravascular dry weight ratio, bronchoalveolar lavage albumin, and poly morphonuclear cell content did not change. Microscopically, the septal capillaries of endotoxemic calves were dilated and engorged with erythrocytes, accompanied by focal accumulations of neutrophils. Intraalveolar edema and hemorrhage were not seen. PMID- 3922267 TI - Long-term oxygen therapy can reverse the progression of pulmonary hypertension in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. AB - Sixteen patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (average values at the onset of O2 therapy: FEV1, 891 +/- 284 ml; PaO2, 50.2 +/- 6.6 mmHg; PaCO2, 51.0 +/- 6.4 mmHg) underwent 3 consecutive right heart catheterizations. The first was performed 47 +/- 28 months (T0) before the onset of long-term O2 therapy (LTO2). The second was performed just before the onset of LTO2 (T1). The third was performed after 31 +/- 19 months of LTO2 (T2). Oxygen therapy (15 to 18 h/day) was prescribed on the basis of usual criteria. From T0 to T1, PaO2 decreased from 59.3 +/- 9.4 to 50.2 +/- 6.6 mmHg, and mean pulmonary arterial pressure (Ppa) worsened from 23.3 +/- 6.8 to 28.0 +/- 7.4 mmHg (p less than 0.005). From T1 to T2, PaO2 was stable, whereas Ppa decreased from 28.0 +/- 7.4 to 23.9 +/- 6.6 mmHg (p less than 0.05). Pulmonary hypertension improved in 12 of the 16 patients. Before the onset of LTO2 (from T0 to T1), there was a yearly increase in Ppa of 1.47 +/- 2.3 mmHg, whereas during LTO2 a yearly decrease of 2.15 +/- 4.4 mmHg was observed, and the difference between these 2 values was highly significant. The changes in Ppa either from T0 to T1 or from T1 to T2 were not associated with concomitant changes in cardiac output or pulmonary capillary wedge pressure but were related to changes in pulmonary vascular resistance. These results suggest that LTO2 for 15 to 18 h/day can reverse the progression of pulmonary hypertension in a high percentage of patients with severe COPD, but that normalization of Ppa is rarely observed. PMID- 3922268 TI - Factors related to the appearance of alveolar macrophages in the developing lung. AB - The numbers of alveolar macrophages (AM) are known to be low in utero and to increase rapidly after birth. This study analyzed factors related to the appearance of AM in the lungs of term and preterm monkeys (Macaca nemestrina). We found that the numbers of AM were greater at birth in term than in preterm monkeys (p less than 0.01) and that they increased with postnatal age in term animals (r = 0.86) and in preterm animals without hyaline membrane disease (HMD) (r = 0.79). In contrast, the numbers of AM did not increase with postnatal age in preterm animals with HMD (r = 0.17). By multivariant analysis, AM numbers correlated most strongly with a combination of 2 variables: lavage fluid phospholipid and absence of HMD (r = 0.996). Preparations of alveolar surface active material from newborn monkeys and to a lesser degree from adult monkeys were found to stimulate migration and polarization of monkey AM and blood monocytes in vitro. The migration-stimulating factor(s) in alveolar surface active material had an apparent molecular weight greater than 10,000 and appeared not to be a lipoxygenase product of arachidonic acid metabolism. These data indicate a correlation between factors regulating lung pressure-volume stability and AM numbers and are consistent with a potential role for components of alveolar surface-active material in regulating the perinatal increase in AM. PMID- 3922269 TI - Fibronectin. A new nutritional parameter. AB - Acute and chronic malnutrition is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in surgical patients. Plasma fibronectin levels have been shown to correlate with reticuloendothelial function and are reduced in burns, shock, trauma, and sepsis. Patients failing to show an increase in fibronectin levels after stress have been shown to do poorly. Starvation studies in human volunteers have demonstrated decreasing plasma fibronectin levels until feeding was resumed. The purpose of this study is to examine the usefulness of fibronectin as an assessment parameter in nutritionally depleted hospitalized patients. Eight patients initiated on parenteral nutrition were studied. Plasma fibronectin, albumin, and transferrin levels were drawn before TPN and repeated at various intervals after total parenteral nutrition (TPN) was begun. Mean pre-TPN transferrin was 198.1 +/- 16.1 gm/dl (nl 220-400). Transferrin levels remained statistically unchanged after 8 to 11 days of TPN. Mean pre-TPN albumin was 3.0 +/- 0.2 gm/dl (nl 3.6-4.8) and also remained statistically unchanged after 8 to 11 days of TPN. The mean fibronectin level pre-TPN was 236.4 +/- 24.4 microgram/ml (nl 370-410). Fibronectin rose statistically (P less than 0.005) after 1 to 4 days of TPN to a mean of 341.9 +/- 30.1 microgram/ml and remained elevated and statistically unchanged after 8 to 11 days of TPN. Six of the eight patients studied survived and had demonstrated at least a 30 per cent increase in fibronectin after 1 to 4 days of TPN. Both patients who died demonstrated minimal increase in fibronectin levels after 1 to 4 days of TPN.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3922270 TI - The equivalency of two L-thyroxine preparations. AB - Differences in blood levels of thyroid hormones have been reported when patients taking synthetic L-thyroxine were shifted from one manufactured form of the hormone to another. Because recent formulation changes have rendered these earlier data obsolete, we did a crossover study to determine differences in bioavailability of the two principal brands of thyroxine, Synthroid and Levothroid. Twenty patients received Synthroid and then Levothroid, and 14 received Levothroid and then Synthroid. Patients received each drug for 6 weeks. Although no significant differences were seen in routine thyroid hormone measurements, combined data from both groups showed a significantly higher free thyroxine level in the patients treated with Synthroid, as well as lower thyrotrophin values at 15 and 30 minutes after administration of thyrotrophin releasing hormone. Equal doses of the currently manufactured forms of these two products are similar but not bioequivalent. PMID- 3922271 TI - Cost effectiveness of gentamicin and tobramycin. PMID- 3922273 TI - Thyroid scanning or fine-needle biopsy. PMID- 3922272 TI - Bacillus cereus, diarrhea, and home-dried apples. PMID- 3922274 TI - Bilateral endogenous Escherichia coli endophthalmitis. AB - Bilateral endogenous endophthalmitis developed in a 68-year-old woman with diabetic ketoacidosis and Escherichia coli septicemia secondary to a urinary tract infection. She was started on large doses of ampicillin, and later, during her hospitalization, she received steroids. When the vitreous cleared, the fundus revealed extensive bilateral occlusion of retinal arterioles that showed the appearance of white threads. The electroretinogram was nonrecordable in both eyes except for a very small a-wave in the left eye when tested with a strong photic stimulus. The septicemia was controlled, but vision did not recover in either eye. PMID- 3922275 TI - Midfacial T cell lymphoma: characterization by monoclonal antibodies. AB - Three cases of so-called lethal midline granuloma were studied immunologically, using monoclonal antibodies against T cell subsets, and electron microscopically. Immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase studies of their surgical and autopsy specimens proved that the tumor cells showed positive stainings with anti-Leu 1 and anti-Leu 3a antibodies, and negative staining with anti-Leu 2a, anti-HLA-DR, and anti-immunoglobulin antibodies. These data might indicate that the tumor cells of the three cases had a similar surface antigen phenotype to that of peripheral helper-inducer T cells. The histopathological and ultrastructural examinations of the tumors showed general characteristics reported for T cell lymphomata derived from peripheral T cells. PMID- 3922276 TI - [Serum bile acids and liver disorders in total parenteral nutrition in children]. PMID- 3922277 TI - Human in vitro fertilization. AB - Human in vitro fertilization has become a widely accepted method of treatment for infertile couples. The list of indications for this technique is rapidly growing and includes oligospermia, endometriosis, and unexplained infertility. The techniques of follicular recruitment, ovum maturation, and follicular aspiration, as well as laboratory culture techniques, are described. The various factors to be taken into consideration when trying to assess possible success of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer are discussed in this paper. PMID- 3922278 TI - New approach to the metabolism of hydrogenated starch hydrolysate: hydrolysis by the maltase/glucoamylase complex of the rat intestinal mucosa. AB - The maltase (EC 3.2.1.20)/glucoamylase (EC 3.2.1.3) complex from rat small intestine brush border, which is able to split alpha (1----4) glucose-sorbitol linkage, was isolated and purified by chromatography on DEAE-Trisacryl M and Sepharose 6B. The complex was homogeneous on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Kinetic parameters were studied on two substrates: maltose and maltitol (Km:1.3 mM and 30 mM, Vmax:200 nmol X min-1 and 15 nmol X min-1, respectively). Inhibition studies were performed with maltose and maltitol as substrates and isomaltitol and delta-gluconolactone as inhibitors. Crossed-inhibition reactions were also performed. The results support the existence of one single catalytic site and this fact was confirmed by physicochemical properties. Similar results were obtained with germ-free rats as well as with conventional rats adapted over 6-12 months to Lycasin 80/55 as the sole source of sugar. Lycasin 80/55, hydrogenated starch hydrolysate, was converted by purified maltase/glucoamylase complex in glucose and sorbitol. PMID- 3922279 TI - Changes in fatty acid composition of the cardiac phospholipids of the cotton eared marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) after feeding different lipid supplements. AB - After feeding marmosets different lipid supplements for 6 months, the distribution of phospholipid classes and the fatty acid composition of phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG) were determined in their cardiac membranes. Supplementing the diet with linoleic-acid-rich sunflower seed oil raised the level of 18:2,n-6 in both PC and PE, but did not change the level significantly in DPG. When 18:2,n-6 was increased, the level of arachidonic acid (20:4,n-6) was significantly decreased in PC and PE. No arachidonic acid was present in DPG. Supplementing the diet with mutton fat did not markedly increase the level of saturated fats, nor did it markedly reduce the level of arachidonic acid in any phospholipid component. No dietary treatment altered the distribution of the major phospholipid classes. PMID- 3922280 TI - Regulation of histocompatibility antigens by interferon. PMID- 3922281 TI - Maternally inherited mitochondrial myopathy and myoclonic epilepsy. AB - A family is described with familial myoclonic epilepsy associated with mitochondrial myopathy. The disorder follows a maternal inheritance pattern consistent with a mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutation. The large kindred permitted exclusion of autosomal dominant, recessive, and X-linked patterns of transmission. Several characteristics of the inheritance and variability of expression within the pedigree are consistent with recently acquired knowledge about the genetics of human mtDNA. The clinical spectrum of disease is compatible with a proportionality model of mutant and wild-type mtDNAs. Muscle biopsies of affected patients showed an increased number of abnormal muscle mitochondria. Serum levels of pyruvate or pyruvate and lactate were elevated. The most severely affected patient had constant myoclonic jerking, dementia, ataxia, spasticity, hearing loss, and hypoventilation. Cerebral dysfunction in patients with mild involvement was marked by prominent photic driving seen on electroencephalograms and high-amplitude visual and somatosensory evoked responses but no myoclonus, ataxia, or dementia. The individual clinical features of the disease worsen over time for all patients; however, mildly affected patients have not become moderately affected and moderately affected patients have not become severely affected. PMID- 3922282 TI - gamma-Vinyl GABA: a double-blind placebo-controlled trial in partial epilepsy. AB - The antiepileptic effect of gamma-vinyl gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), an irreversible GABA-transaminase inhibitor, was investigated in an add-on, placebo controlled, double-blind, cross-over, fixed-dose trial. Twenty-one patients suffering from difficult to control complex partial seizures participated; 18 patients completed the trial. Serum levels of concomitant antiepileptic drugs were kept constant throughout the trial. Three patients (17%) experienced a 75% reduction in seizure frequency and in 8 (44%) the seizures were reduced by at least 50%. Two patients developed a moderate and 1 patient a marked increase in seizure frequency during treatment with gamma-vinyl GABA. Except for 2 patients who had to discontinue the trial because of adverse effects of gamma-vinyl GABA, the participants were unable to discriminate between treatment regimens with regard to side effects. gamma-vinyl GABA seems to be a promising new antiepileptic drug, and the first one to present convincing evidence of a GABAergic mechanism of action. PMID- 3922283 TI - Regional cerebral blood flow decreases during hyperglycemia. AB - The presence of hyperglycemia before brain ischemia increases stroke-related morbidity and mortality in experimental animals and humans. However, little is known of the effect of hyperglycemia on regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF). Acute hyperglycemia was induced in awake but restrained rats by intraperitoneal injection of 50% D-glucose. Regional flow was determined using [14C]iodoantipyrine and quantitative autoradiography. Elevation of plasma glucose from 11 to 39 mM was associated with a 24% reduction in rCBF when compared with controls that received normal saline. Intraperitoneal D-mannitol produced an elevation of plasma osmolality equivalent to that observed with glucose. However, rCBF was only reduced by 10%. Hyperglycemia appears to produce a global decrease in rCBF in awake rats that cannot be completely explained by the attendant increase in plasma osmolality. If a similar influence is present during brain ischemia, hyperglycemia could extend areas of critical flow limitation. PMID- 3922284 TI - Viral hepatitis vaccines. AB - Purified from the plasma of hepatitis B carriers, hepatitis B surface antigen particles have been used in a vaccine to prevent hepatitis B. This plasma-derived vaccine is immunogenic, protective, and has an excellent safety record. Indications and strategies for preexposure and postexposure prophylaxis are reviewed. In addition, novel approaches to hepatitis B vaccine development are being pursued and will provide the basis for the next generation of vaccines. Early progress has also been made toward a hepatitis A vaccine, but clinical availability is not imminent. PMID- 3922285 TI - Marrow transplantation for thalassemia. AB - Despite modern therapeutic regimens, thalassemia major remains a severe disease with an uncertain ultimate prognosis. Alternative and more definitive forms of treatment are actively sought; bone marrow transplantation is one of these. As of May 1984, data were available on 51 thalassemic children who had undergone the procedure: 29 of them are free of thalassemia 2 to 30 months after transplantation; 13 have died; 9 are alive with thalassemia after autologous reconstitution. Future developments in the field of transplantation should make the procedure safer and also render it available to the vast population of multiply transfused and hemosiderotic thalassemic patients who will not benefit from the improvement of conventional therapy. PMID- 3922286 TI - Biomechanics, evolution and upright stature. AB - The transition from a basically quadrupedal to an upright stance must have been a critical stage in the early hominids before the appearance of Australopithecus and after a Ramaor Dryopithecine time. Two hypotheses have been postulated as to how the change occurred: 1. a gradualistic evolution from the horizontal to a more and more vertical body posture; and 2. an "either--or" position, in which our early ancestor assumed either a horizontal or a vertical posture. It is calculated that, in a static equilibrium, a semi-erect posture would be disadvantageous from the point of view of muscle forces as well as from energetic constraints. These stresses make it probable that an upright posture and carrying of objects in the hands were jointly favored by natural selection and that an intermediate stage would be short and inconclusive. The postural change would thus have occurred in a "punctuated equilibrium" manner of evolution. PMID- 3922287 TI - Functional development of the stomach. AB - Large increases in gastric acid and pepsin secretion, antral gastrin concentration, and decreases in serum gastrin occur during the third week of life in the neonatal rat. At the same time gastrin receptors appear and gastrin release becomes sensitive to somatostatin, indicating that absence and then appearance of specific hormone receptors may be responsible for some of the ontogenic pattern. At this time the mucosa also begins to grow rapidly, with a greater proportion of cells leaving the proliferative pool and differentiating. For the first 2.5-3 weeks these ontogenic changes can be triggered by corticosterone. Their full expression depends on dietary changes associated with weaning. Neither hormones, dietary changes, nor the weaning process itself is essential for development, because in the absence of these, all of the changes still occur--although they may be delayed or be smaller in magnitude. Figure 1 provides a generalized summary of the normal functional development of the stomach and how it is altered by changes in corticosterone levels and the absence of weaning. These findings indicate that ontogeny is genetically programmed and that the full expression of this program depends on hormones, luminal contents, and other environmental factors. In comparison with the small intestine, for example, gastric ontogeny has not received adequate attention. There are essentially no studies directed toward understanding changes in motility during this period. There is really only one study examining the growth pattern of the mucosa during development, and this study is aimed at changes in DNA synthesis and cell loss. Experiments involving the cell cycle are needed to understand whether existing cells mature and differentiate or whether newly created cells suddenly leave the proliferative pool to differentiate. There have been no experiments in which the effects of thyroid hormone on gastric development have been adequately examined. In addition, little or nothing is known about EGF in the ontogenic process. Studies implanting fetal tissue into adult hosts are needed to determine which gastric functions can develop in the absence of luminal stimulation and hormone changes. The cell biology of the gastric mucosa is difficult to examine--especially that involving the cells concerned with growth and differentiation. The stem cells are dispersed throughout the tissue and are a small portion of the cell population. These have never been isolated for study. In vitro culture of mucosal cells, however, is a technique that can possibly be used to examine development at the cellular and molecular level. PMID- 3922288 TI - Kinetics and mechanism of anion transport in red blood cells. PMID- 3922289 TI - Prevention of infection in high risk biliary operations. PMID- 3922290 TI - Prevention of infection in neutropenic bone marrow transplant patients. PMID- 3922291 TI - [Present-day aminoglycosides in the treatment of suppurative-septic diseases]. AB - The therapeutic efficacy, tolerance and pharmacokinetics of sisomicin, gentamicin and a new dosage form of kanamycin sulfate as an ampoule solution for intravenous injection were studied clinically. High therapeutic efficacy of the above three aminoglycosides in the treatment of severe inflammatory infections caused by gram negative bacteria was shown with the use of the adequate doses. Favourable results of the therapy estimated by the laboratory and clinical data were observed in 81-90 per cent of the patients. PMID- 3922292 TI - [Gentamicin resistance in clinical strains of microorganisms: genetic control and biochemical mechanisms of resistance]. PMID- 3922293 TI - Influence of the developmental state of valvular lesions on the antimicrobial activity of cefotaxime in experimental enterococcal infections. AB - Cefotaxime has little antimicrobial activity in vitro against most strains of enterococci, as measured by conventional MICs and MBCs. However, the MICs of cefotaxime against many enterococci are markedly reduced by the addition of serum to the test medium. To assess the relevance of this observation in vivo, we examined the efficacy of cefotaxime in experimental Streptococcus faecalis endocarditis. Since response to antimicrobial agents may vary with the degree of vegetation development, therapeutic efficacy was assessed both in rabbits with newly formed vegetations and in rabbits with well-developed endocardial lesions. Peak serum levels of cefotaxime (50.1 +/- 20.0 micrograms/ml) exceeded the MIC in medium supplemented with serum (4 micrograms/ml), but not in Mueller-Hinton broth alone (greater than 64 micrograms/ml). After 4 days of therapy, animals with newly formed lesions (therapy initiated 1 h after infection, transvalvular catheters removed) had lower mean vegetation bacterial titers than did untreated controls. Among animals with mature vegetations (therapy initiated 12 h after infection, catheters indwelling), the rate of mortality was significantly reduced by cefotaxime therapy. However, no difference in vegetation titers was observed. Thus, cefotaxime demonstrated antienterococcal activity within newly formed vegetations, but did not inhibit bacterial proliferation within well-established vegetations. PMID- 3922294 TI - Efficacy of intermittent versus continuous administration of netilmicin in a two compartment in vitro model. AB - Several aminoglycoside dosage regimens were studied in a kinetic in vitro model. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureus were exposed in serially placed artificial capillary units to netilmicin concentrations that changed based on human two-compartment pharmacokinetics. The same total dose per 24 h was administered as a continuous infusion (3.7 micrograms/ml) or in 1-h infusions given every 24 (24 micrograms/ml) or 8 h (8 micrograms/ml). The once daily administration showed the best response in terms of either faster killing of E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and S. aureus or greater reduction of the inocula of P. aeruginosa. After 28 h of treatment, however, all regimens reduced the nonpseudomonads by more than 99.99%, whereas all three P. aeruginosa strains regrew to greater than 10(8) CFU/ml due to selection of resistant subpopulations. In contrast to the bactericidal effect of the first dose, no killing occurred after subsequent doses if the ratio of peak drug concentration to MIC was low (less than or equal to 6). These results support the concept of administering high doses of aminoglycosides once every 24 h. PMID- 3922295 TI - Isolation of streptomycin-nonproducing mutants deficient in biosynthesis of the streptidine moiety or linkage between streptidine 6-phosphate and dihydrostreptose. AB - Eight streptidine idiotrophic mutants (SD20, SD81, SD141, SD189, SD245, SD261, SD263, and SD274) which required streptidine to produce streptomycin were derived from Streptomyces griseus ATCC 10137 by UV mutagenesis. By both the characterization of intermediates accumulated by the idiotrophs and the assay of enzymes involved in streptidine biosynthesis, the biochemical lesions of the mutants were deduced as follows: SD20 and SD263, transamination; SD81, SD261, and SD274, phosphorylation; SD141, transamidination; SD189, dehydrogenation; SD245, linkage between streptidine 6-phosphate and dihydrostreptose. An accumulation of streptidine 6-phosphate was found in SD245 to impair its aminotransferase activity. This finding suggests that aminotransferase activity might have been negatively controlled by the end product, streptidine 6-phosphate, of the streptidine biosynthetic pathway. PMID- 3922296 TI - Isopenicillin N synthetase of Penicillium chrysogenum, an enzyme that converts delta-(L-alpha-aminoadipyl)-L-cysteinyl-D-valine to isopenicillin N. AB - The tripeptide delta-(L-alpha-aminoadipyl)-L-cysteinyl-D-valine, an intermediate in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway, is converted to isopenicillin N by isopenicillin N synthetase (cyclase) of Penicillium chrysogenum. The cyclization required dithiothreitol and was stimulated by ferrous ions and ascorbate. Co2+ and Mn2+ completely inhibited enzyme activity. Optimal temperature and pH were 25 degrees C and 7.8, respectively. The reaction required O2 and was stimulated by increasing the dissolved oxygen concentration of the reaction mixture. Purification of the enzyme to a single major band in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was achieved by protamine sulfate precipitation, ammonium sulfate fractionation (50 to 80% of saturation), DEAE-Sephacel chromatography, and gel filtration on Sephacryl S-200. The estimated molecular weight was 39,000 +/- 1,000. The apparent Km of isopenicillin N synthetase for delta-(L-alpha aminoadipyl)-L-cysteinyl-D-valine was 0.13 mM. The enzyme activity was strongly inhibited by glutathione, which acts as a competitive inhibitor. A good correlation was observed between the isopenicillin N synthetase activity in extracts of four different strains of P. chrysogenum (with widely different penicillin-producing capability) and the amount of penicillin production by these strains. PMID- 3922297 TI - Peroxidase-mediated oxidation of isoniazid. AB - Oxidation of isonicotinic acid hydrazide (isoniazid) by horseradish peroxidase at the expense of H2O2 yielded reactive species which were able to reduce nitroblue tetrazolium and bleach p-nitrosodimethylaniline. Nicotinic acid hydrazide oxidation did not cause these effects. At slightly alkaline pH, oxidation of isonicotinic acid hydrazide by horseradish peroxidase proceeded at the expense of molecular O2, and the reaction was oxygen consuming. The addition of H2O2 abolished O2 consumption. Bovine liver catalase enhanced the rate of nitroblue tetrazolium reduction and decreased the maximal velocity of the reaction proportionately to catalase concentration. During oxidation of isonicotinic acid hydrazide by horseradish peroxidase-H2O2, splitting of the heme group of horseradish peroxidase took place as shown by the disappearance of the Soret and minor bands in the visible region of the spectrum. PMID- 3922298 TI - Survey of antimicrobial resistance in lactic streptococci. AB - A total of 26 strains of Streptococcus cremoris and 12 strains of Streptococcus lactis were challenged with 18 antimicrobial agents and with nisin in the Bauer Kirby disk susceptibility test. All strains were susceptible to ampicillin, bacitracin, cephalothin, chloramphenicol, chlortetracycline, erythromycin, penicillin G, tetracycline, and vancomycin. All strains were resistant to trimethoprim, and almost all strains were resistant to sulfathiazole. Variability in resistance to gentamicin, kanamycin, lincomycin, nafcillin, neomycin, nisin, rifampin, and streptomycin was observed. MICs of these substances for the less susceptible strains were determined, and high-level resistance factors could not be detected, except in the case of nisin. S. lactis ATCC 7962 was resistant to at least 40-fold-higher concentrations of nisin (greater than 64 micrograms/ml) than most other strains tested. This strain was a potent nisin producer. PMID- 3922299 TI - Studies on transfection and transformation of protoplasts of Bacillus larvae, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus popilliae. AB - Protoplasts of Bacillus larvae NRRL b-3555 and Bacillus subtilis RM125 (restrictionless, modificationless mutant) were transfected with DNA from the B. larvae bacteriophage PBL1c in the presence of polyethylene glycol. B. subtilis 168 and Bacillus popilliae NRRL B-2309M protoplasts could not be transfected with PBL1c DNA. Protoplasts of B larvae NRRL B-3555 were transformed with plasmids pC194 and pHV33 in the presence of polyethylene glycol. The frequency of transformation was much higher when the plasmids were isolated from B. larvae NRRL B-3555 transformants than when they were isolated from B. subtilis 168. These results indicate that the restriction-modification systems found in B. larvae NRRL B-3555 and B. subtilis 168 may be different. Conditions for protoplast formation and cell wall regeneration were developed for B. popilliae NRRL B-2309S. However, no transformation occurred with plasmids pC194 and pHV33 (isolated from B. subtilis 168). PMID- 3922300 TI - Bactericidal properties of a new water disinfectant. AB - The N-chloramine compound 3-chloro-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxazolidinone (agent I) has been compared with calcium hypochlorite as to its efficacy as a bactericide for the treatment of water. The study included concentration, contact time, pH, temperature, and water quality as controlled variables. The species of bacteria tested were Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Shigella boydii. In general, for highly pure, demand-free water, calcium hypochlorite was the more rapid disinfectant at a given total chlorine concentration, although for water containing a controlled amount of organic load, agent I was the better disinfectant. The differences in efficacy of each of the two disinfectants can be attributed primarily to their different stabilities in water at various controlled conditions. PMID- 3922301 TI - Modification of the 14C most-probable-number method for use with nonpolar and volatile substrates. AB - A method was developed to allow the use of volatile and nonpolar substrates in 14C most-probable-number tests. Naphthalene or hexadecane was sorbed to filter paper disks and submerged in minimal medium. The procedure reduced the volatilization of the substrates while allowing them to remain available for microbial degradation. PMID- 3922302 TI - Effect of seeding during thermophilic composting of sewage sludge. AB - The effect of seeding on the thermophilic composting of sewage sludge was examined by measuring the changes in CO2 evolution rates and microbial numbers. Although the succession of thermophilic bacteria and thermophilic actinomycetes clearly reflected the effect of seeding, no clear difference was observed in the overall rate of composting or quality of the composted product. PMID- 3922303 TI - Immunological comparison of lipoxygenase isozymes-1 and -2 with soybean seedling lipoxygenases. AB - An affinity-purified polyclonal antibody against soybean seed lipoxygenase-2 was prepared and used to characterize the immunological relatedness of lipoxygenase isozymes 1 and 2 and lipoxygenases from soybean seedling roots, hypocotyls, leaves, and cotyledons. All soybean lipoxygenases tested cross-reacted with the anti-lipoxygenase-2. Cross-reactivity of seed-derived lipoxygenases was evidenced by formation of a line of identity in double-diffusion tests, by positive results on an immunoblot, and by antibody precipitation of enzyme activity. Levels of anti-lipoxygenase-2, which inhibited lipoxygenase-2 activity, had no effect on lipoxygenase-1 activity. Root, hypocotyl, and leaf lipoxygenases did not form precipitation lines in double-diffusion tests but the anti-lipoxygenase-2 did inhibit and precipitate lipoxygenase activity from these sources as well as cross react on immunoblots. All the cross-reactive lipoxygenases examined were found to have the same apparent molecular weight. Lipoxygenase activity found in soybean seedling roots, hypocotyls, leaves, and cotyledons is associated with proteins which are all immunologically related to the seed-derived enzymes. PMID- 3922304 TI - Purification and properties of aldose reductase and aldehyde reductase II from human erythrocyte. AB - Aldose reductase (EC 1.1.1.21) and aldehyde reductase II (L-hexonate dehydrogenase, EC 1.1.1.2) have been purified to homogeneity from human erythrocytes by using ion-exchange chromatography, chromatofocusing, affinity chromatography, and Sephadex gel filtration. Both enzymes are monomeric, Mr 32,500, by the criteria of the Sephadex gel filtration and polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis under denaturing conditions. The isoelectric pH's for aldose reductase and aldehyde reductase II were determined to be 5.47 and 5.06, respectively. Substrate specificity studies showed that aldose reductase, besides catalyzing the reduction of various aldehydes such as propionaldehyde, pyridine-3 aldehyde and glyceraldehyde, utilizes aldo-sugars such as glucose and galactose. Aldehyde reductase II, however, did not use aldo-sugars as substrate. Aldose reductase activity is expressed with either NADH or NADPH as cofactors, whereas aldehyde reductase II can utilize only NADPH. The pH optima for aldose reductase and aldehyde reductase II are 6.2 and 7.0, respectively. Both enzymes are susceptible to the inhibition by p-hydroxymercuribenzoate and N-ethylmaleimide. They are also inhibited to varying degrees by aldose reductase inhibitors such as sorbinil, alrestatin, quercetrin, tetramethylene glutaric acid, and sodium phenobarbital. The presence of 0.4 M lithium sulfate in the assay mixture is essential for the full expression of aldose reductase activity whereas it completely inhibits aldehyde reductase II. Amino acid compositions and immunological studies further show that erythrocyte aldose reductase is similar to human and bovine lens aldose reductase, and that aldehyde reductase II is similar to human liver and brain aldehyde reductase II. PMID- 3922305 TI - [Preoperative chemotherapy for advanced breast cancer]. AB - Preoperative chemotherapy was initiated for breast cancer in an effort to decrease the number of viable cancer cells that were released into the blood stream during surgical procedure. This possibility was substantiated by several observations made in animal experiments and clinical studies. Preoperative chemotherapy was also given to render the advanced disease amenable to surgical intervention. In one report, systemic chemotherapy (CAF) for advanced breast cancer produced a response rate of 86% preoperatively, facilitating subsequent mastectomy and a postoperative 5-year survival rate of 52%. However no definite conclusion has yet been obtained as to the prognostic significance of systemic chemotherapy give preoperatively, and further comparative studies are therefore required. Preoperative intra-arterial chemotherapy as an induction therapy was administered to patients with locally advanced breast cancer including inflammatory breast cancer, the treatment developed in Japan. In our institute, intra-arterial chemotherapy with ADR or MMC plus 5-FU resulted in a marked decrease in the size of primary and lymph node lesions with 82% CR + PR. Histological examination of resected specimens also revealed that 35% of the patients had no viable cancer cells remaining in their lesions. Five-year and 10 year survival rates were 57% and 41%, respectively, compared with 24% and 18%, respectively for historical controls. Patients showing better local responses to intra-arterial chemotherapy had longer survival time with less frequent local recurrences. Some other studies also indicated improved survival in locally advanced breast cancer as a result of preoperative intra-arterial chemotherapy. Preoperative chemotherapy including systemic administration is a promising modality for advanced breast cancer. PMID- 3922307 TI - [Assessment of the combined effects of mitomycin C with alpha-interferon or gamma interferon by the clonogenic assay technique]. AB - The combined effects of Mitomycin C (MMC) with alpha-interferon (HLBI) or gamma interferon (TRP-2), which have become attractive drugs for use as Biological Response Modifiers, were investigated using the human tumor clonogenic assay technique. Tumors in this study were five human tumor xenografts serially transplanted into nude mice (three gastric cancer, two colon cancer). When the survival fraction occurring with the combination was smaller than that obtained by multiplication of the survival fractions occurring with either drug alone, the combined effect was considered to be synergism. Four out of five xenografts (three gastric cancer, one colon cancer) showed synergistic effects for the combination of MMC with alpha-interferon. Although two gastric cancer xenografts showed synergism for the combination of MMC with gamma-interferon, antagonistic effects were observed in one gastric cancer and one colon cancer xenograft. PMID- 3922306 TI - [Preoperative cancer chemotherapy for gastric cancer]. AB - Preoperative cancer chemotherapy for gastric cancer was reviewed with special emphasis on histologic findings and survival. Preoperative chemotherapy with intravenous, split administration of MMC 40 mg caused considerable damage to "micro-solitary metastatic foci" in metastatic lymph nodes. In view of the lipid adsorbing ability of the lymphatic stream, emulsified 5-FU was used orally in 182 patients with gastric cancer; histologic findings revealed that the emulsified 5 FU enhanced the antitumor efficacy for metastatic lymph nodes as well as the primary lesion. However, the 5-year survival rate for gastric cancer patients undergoing preoperative emulsified 5-FU therapy did not differ from the control, with only the exception of patients with Stage III gastric cancer. On the other hand, combined therapy involving preoperative intra-arterial infusion and surgery was carried out in 62 patients with gastric cancer. These preoperative treatments using MMC, 5-FU, VLB, MTX and/or cytosine arabinoside entailed continuous infusion for 15 to 20 hours; the histologic changes observed revealed marked antitumor effects on the primary focus as well as metastatic lymph nodes. The five-year survival rate for the 62 patients was compared with that for 99 patients with gastric cancer in the corresponding period. The survival rate was analyzed based on the degree of serosal invasion. The overall survivals in the 62 patients were higher than those in the controls for the first 3 years. At 4 to 5 years, the survival rates for both the treated and control groups were approximately equal. In patients without serosal invasion, the survival rates were higher in treated cases than in the controls for the first 2 years. Thirty nine patients with serosal invasion had significantly higher survival rates than the controls for the first 3 years. The survival rates for the treated patients with cancerous infiltration of ther organs were about the same as those for the corresponding control patients. PMID- 3922308 TI - [Phase II study of sustained released granules of tegafur (SF-SP) on inoperable or recurrent gastric cancer]. AB - Twenty-eight patients with inoperable or recurrent gastric cancer were entered for a phase II study of SF-SP. Of these, 24 were evaluable for response. The SF SP was given orally at a dose of 800 to 1,200 mg/body b.i.d. daily. Six at the evaluable 24 patients showed PR, 16 NC and 2 PD. Three of the 6 PR patients were administered 1000 mg/body/day of SF-SP and the other 3, 1200 mg/body/day. The hematological toxicities were anemia (5 cases), leukopenia (3 cases) and thrombocytopenia (3 cases). The other side effects were gastrointestinal complaints, such as anorexia (5 cases), nausea (5 cases) and stomatitis (5 cases), and a further toxic effect of pigmentation (4 cases). These side effects tended to develop dose-dependently and disappeared after the SF-SP was discontinued. It was concluded that SF-SP was beneficial for the treatment of advanced gastric cancer, and that its optimal dose was 1000 mg/body/day. PMID- 3922309 TI - [Preoperative treatment with UFT for patients with ovarian malignant tumors]. AB - A 300-mg dose of UFT was administered daily for seven days prior to surgery for ovarian malignant tumors. The concentrations of FT, 5-FU and uracil in the serum, tumor tissue, adjacent normal tissue and ascitic fluid were measured. The results were as follows: 5-FU concentration in the serum was 0.008 +/- 0.006 micrograms/ml (n = 14) and the concentration in the ascitic fluid was 0.008 +/- 0.006 micrograms/ml (n = 4). The 5-FU concentration in the tumor tissue was 0.142 +/- 0.199 micrograms/g. This was approximately 3.0 times higher than the concentration in the adjacent normal tissue which was 0.048 +/- 0.030 micrograms/g and the T/B ratio (formula; see text) was approximately 17.8. PMID- 3922310 TI - [In vitro sensitivity test of a cultured human ovarian cancer cell line to anticancer agents]. AB - In vitro tests were performed to assess the sensitivity to six anticancer agents ACT-D, ADM, CDDP, CQ, 5-FU and MMC-of a JOHYL-1 (ascites type) cell line from human dysgerminoma which was used as challenge strain. For comparative assessment, anticancer sensitivity was expressed as the ratio of IC50 and IC90 to LD50 (i.v.) in mice. Drug dose-response and time-response curves were plotted, and the IC50 ratio was calculated, for each test compound in order to investigate the mechanism of anticancer action. The results obtained were as follows. CQ proved to be remarkably active and ADM fairly active against JOHYL-1 (ascites), but 5-FU, CDDP and MMC varied remarkably with the parameter of measurement employed. Analysis of IC50 ratio data and patterns of cell growth inhibition indicated the growth-inhibitory effect of CDDP to be concentration-and time dependent. The results of the present study are in close accord with the pattern of action reported in the literature. PMID- 3922311 TI - [Clinical study on concentration of FT-207 and 5-FU in serum, lymph nodes and tissues after rectal administration of FT-207 suppositories for malignant diseases of the liver, biliary tract and pancreas]. AB - In order to study the antitumor effect of FT-207 in a solid tumor, it is necessary to determine the concentration of 5-FU and FT-207 in a tissue. This has only been done so far for gastric cancer and colon cancer, but these has been practically no research carried out regarding cancers of the liver, biliary tract and pancreas. A study was therefore made of lymph nodes and tissues after rectal administration of FT-207 suppositories to 12 patients with cancers of the liver, biliary tract and pancreas. These included 7 cases of pancreatic cancer, 2 cases of gall bladder cancer with infiltration to the liver, and 3 cases of hepatoma. In serum, the concentration of 5-FU reached 0.018 +/- 0.006 micrograms/ml at one hour after administration, 0.019 +/- 0.004 micrograms/ml at three hours after administration, and 0.023 +/- 0.008 micrograms/ml at six hours after administration. These concentrations would be expected to maintain a clinically sufficient dose. The concentration of 5-FU in metastatic lymph nodes was high compared with normal lymph nodes (p less than 0.05), its concentration in liver tumors was high while compared with normal liver tissues (p less than 0.05). PMID- 3922312 TI - [Level of 5-FU in cancerous and normal tissues of nude mice after oral administration of tegafur coadministered with uracil (UFT)]. AB - In order to investigate the effect of UFT, a new antitumor agent, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) levels in serum and various tissues were measured by the gas chromatographic-mass fragmentographic method. The subjects used for the study were nude mice which had received implants of human endometrial carcinoma. The results were as follows: As compared with tegafur, the concentration of 5-FU in serum rose quickly when UFT was administered, and the values were clearly high. The concentration of 5-FU obtained in tumor tissues with the use of UFT were 2.5 times higher than those obtained by the use of tegafur. Even with one third of the dose of UFT, values were still 1.5 times higher. In normal tissues, the administration of UFT against that of tegafur resulted in higher concentrations of 5-FU. On the other hand, when one third of the dose of UFT was used, 5-FU concentrations in major organs, such as the liver or kidney, showed clearly low values. Based on these findings, it became clear that the 5-FU concentration in tumor tissue is specifically raised by tegafur coadministered with Uracil (UFT), while such an effect is prevented from proceeding in normal tissue. PMID- 3922313 TI - [5-FU concentration in the tissues (tumor and lymph node) of breast cancer patients given preoperative administration of UFT and FT]. AB - In 16 patients with breast cancer who were administered UFT or FT-207 (UFT: 9 cases, FT-207: 7 cases) for a were prior to surgery, we studied the concentrations of 5-FU in the blood and tumor tissues, and in normal and metastatic lymph nodes sampled during surgery. As a result, a high level of 5-FU was found in tumors, especially in metastatic lymph nodes, in the patients who were administered UFT. On the other hand, no significant difference was found between the 5-FU levels of blood in UFT- and FT-treated patients. These facts suggest that UFT can be expected to increase antitumor activity without side effects, especially in cases of metastatic lymph nodes. PMID- 3922314 TI - [Thermotherapy for cancer of the urinary bladder in combination with tegafur suppository and picibanil--concentrations of tegafur in the serum and tissues in bladder carcinoma]. AB - Thermotherapy combined with tegafur (FT-207) and Picibanil was performed in 13 patients with cancer of the urinary bladder. The thermotherapy was performed using a closed circulation type of thermotherapeutic apparatus manufactured for this experiment, by way of a 3-way catheter. The flow rate of the perfusate was 150 ml/min at a constant temperature of 43 degrees C. The temperature was monitored at the inlet and outlet catheter of the urethral meatus. The thermotherapy was performed for a 6-hour period once a week. A tegafur 3000-mg suppository was given 2 hours before the thermotherapy, and Picibanil was added to the perfusate at the time of thermotherapy. No anesthesia was used. Complete disappearance of the tumor was observed in 1 case. The concentrations of tegafur in the serum, tumor and bladder wall were measured simultaneously. The levels obtained at two hours after rectal administration of the tegafur 3000-mg suppository were 19.420 mcg/ml for FT-207 and 0.025 mcg/ml for 5-FU in the serum, 13.170 mcg/g for FT-207 and 0.140 mcg/g for 5-FU in the bladder tumor, and 20.447 mcg/g for FT-207 and 0.252 mcg/g for 5-FU in the bladder wall. Eruption was observed in 1 case. No other side effects were noted. PMID- 3922315 TI - [Fluctuations of cancer tissue cell proteins determined by two-dimensional electrophoresis before and after antineoplastic agent administration--indices of the efficacy of antineoplastic agents]. PMID- 3922316 TI - [Clinical experience in LC-9018 Lactobacillus preparation]. PMID- 3922317 TI - Amateur radio operators and exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls. AB - In September, 1982, the Special Studies Branch, Chronic Diseases Division, Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control, was alerted to the possibility that oils in certain oil-filled devices used by amateur radio operators throughout the country were contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). To evaluate the possible exposures and concomitant health risks, we conducted an exposure assessment study in two phases: an evaluation of the prevalence of environmental contaminations and an assessment of human exposure. Of 77 oil samples collected, only 2 were contaminated above a 50-ppm level; analyses of blood specimens collected from these two owner-operators showed serum PCB-levels which were well within a "normal" or expected background range. Although, on the basis of these limited data, PCBs from contaminated oils do not appear to be a hazard to amateur radio operators, we recommend that PCB contaminated oils should not be used because of the continuing potential for exposure from either inhalation or direct contamination. PMID- 3922318 TI - Comparability and precision of serum PCB measurements. AB - The 95% prediction interval for single measurements of serum "Aroclor" reported by a reputable commercial analyst was found to be approximately +/- 42%. The geometric mean serum PCB levels in a population of capacitor workers who had formerly had direct exposure to the commercial PCBs--Aroclors 1016, 1242, and 1254-were found to be alternatively reportable as 1905 ppb minimum initial PCBs (as calculated from most persistent peaks present); 1093 ppb non-overlapping analytical "Aroclor" levels (as calculated by the conventional sum-of-the-peak heights method); 303 ppb total PCBs actually present; or 19 ppb "human PCB" (as calculated by the NHMP procedure). The broad spread in reportable values was relatable to the PCB isomer distribution and clearance patterns in the occupationally exposed population. PMID- 3922319 TI - Modified mutagen metabolism in Schistosoma hematobium-infested organisms. AB - The relationship between parasite infestation and chemical mutagen metabolism was investigated in this study. Schistosoma hematobium, long associated with increased incidence of bladder cancer in humans, was chosen as a model parasite. Urine samples, serum samples, and liver tissue extracts (S-9) from infested and control hamsters were used with the Ames Salmonella/microsome test to follow 3,3' dichlorobenzidine (DCB), aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), and 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF) mutagenicity. Liver S-9 preparations from infested and control hamsters showed little difference in activation potential for DCB and AFB1. Aroclor 1254-induced rat liver S-9, however, was remarkably efficient at reducing the mutagenicity of DCB. This process was reversible by beta-glucuronidase (BG). Studies on infested and control hamsters indicated increased BG activity in serum and urine. Urine concentrates (UC) from infested and control animals were not mutagenic by themselves, but did enhance the mutagenicity of AAF and DCB in the presence of S 9 and BG. Urine concentrates from infested animals showed greater enhancement of DCB mutagenicity than did UC from control animals. These data suggest that increased BG and unknown urinary factors in infested hamsters play a role in altering chemical mutagen activity. PMID- 3922320 TI - Acute renal failure in primary macroglobulinemia with small-molecule IgM. AB - Primary macroglobulinemia with acute renal failure developed in a 46-year-old man after administration of contrast medium (containing diatrizoate sodium and meglumine [Urografin]) for intravenous pyelography. On admission, the monoclonal protein peak could not be detected in serum by cellulose acetate electrophoresis, but the serial electrophoresis revealed a gradual increase in monoclonal protein peak, which later became two peaks. The serum of the patient contained the monoclonal small-molecule IgM kappa-chain protein with 13 to 14 Svedberg units in sedimentation constants, which is antigenetically the same as native IgM heavy chain. Although acute renal failure is extremely rare in primary macroglobulinemia, the small-molecule IgM seems to be one factor that induces acute renal failure. PMID- 3922321 TI - Small-cell lymphoma and Sjogren's syndrome. Lymphoplasmacytic subvariant of small cell lymphoma with IgA/kappa immunoglobulin surface markers. AB - To our knowledge, the association of the plasmacytoid variety of small-cell lymphoma with primary Sjogren's syndrome has not been reported. We describe a patient with SS who developed plasmacytoid small-cell lymphoma. As opposed to the commonly detected IgM, the lymphocyte surface immunoglobulins contained monoclonal IgA/kappa light chains. In addition to the unique immunopathologic features, the impressive response to chemotherapy and the importance of surface immunoglobulin markers in the diagnosis of malignancy in Sjogren's syndrome are discussed. PMID- 3922322 TI - Intravenous immune globulin therapy. Treatment of a patient with severe immunodeficiency, chronic malabsorption, and fulminant septicemia. AB - Biweekly 200 mg/kg infusions of immune globulin (Gamimune) were given to a 46 year-old woman with severe common variable immunodeficiency, bronchiectasis, and chronic diarrhea with malabsorption. Failure to achieve therapeutically effective serum IgG concentrations in the face of fulminant sepsis was accompanied by a shortened serum IgG half-life of 10.6 days. Currently recommended doses of 200 mg/kg may prove inadequate in very ill patients with sepsis and malabsorption. PMID- 3922323 TI - Nitroglycerin-induced asystole. PMID- 3922325 TI - [Effect of temperature, pH value, glucose and sodium chloride on the degradation of histamine breakdown by Pseudomonas aeruginosa]. PMID- 3922324 TI - Regulation of lysine and dipicolinic acid biosynthesis in Bacillus brevis ATCC 10068: significance of derepression of the enzymes during the change from vegetative growth to sporulation. AB - Lysine biosynthetic pathway enzymes of Bacillus brevis ATCC 1068 were studied as a function of stage of development (growth and sporulation). The synthesis of aspartic-2-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (ASA-dehydrogenase), dihydrodipicolinate synthase (DHDPA-synthase), DHDPA-reductase and diaminopimelate decarboxylase (DAP decarboxylase) was found not to be co-regulated, since lysine was not a co repressor for these enzymes. Unlike the aspartokinase isoenzymes, the other enzymes of the lysine pathway were not derepressed in thiosine-resistant, lysine excreting mutants. Thus, the aspartokinase isoenzymes were the key enzymes during growth and regulation of lysine biosynthesis through restriction of L-ASA synthesis via feedback control by lysine on the aspartokinases was therefore suggested. In contrast to other Bacillus species, the levels of the lysine biosynthetic pathway enzymes of strain ATCC 10068 were not derepressed during the change from vegetative growth to sporulation. Two control mechanisms, enabling the observed preferential channelling of carbon for the synthesis of spore specific diaminopimelic acid (DAP) and dipicolinic acid (DPA) were a) loss of DAP decarboxylase, b) inhibition of DHDPA-reductase by DPA. Increase in the level of the DAP pool during sporulation, as a consequence of the loss of DAP decarboxylase, and its relevance to the non-enzymatic formation of DPA has been discussed. PMID- 3922326 TI - [Fluorescence serology research in explaining the serological cross reaction between Brucellae and Yersinia enterocolitica 09 in rabbit sera]. PMID- 3922327 TI - [Viral pseudotypes]. PMID- 3922328 TI - [Histamine breakdown by microbes of importance in food hygiene]. PMID- 3922329 TI - Partial fusion of the mamillary bodies. Case study and review of congenital anomalies of these structures. AB - We present an anatomopathologic study of a case of partial fusion of the mamillary bodies in a 57-year-old man with no neurologic or neuropsychiatric change. Medial nuclei were fused. Remaining nuclei and afferent and efferent connections were preserved. The comparison of this case with other similar malformations suggests the possibility of disturbances in certain morphogenetic phases of these structures. PMID- 3922330 TI - [Interactions between acetylsalicylic acid and lysine in solution]. PMID- 3922331 TI - Study of the effect of estradiol on gonadotrophin levels in untreated male-to female transsexuals. AB - This project was an attempt to test Dorner's theory that aspects of gender identity and sexual behavior depend on a defect in a normal imprinting mechanism of testicular testosterone (T) on the male hypothalamus. It has been suggested that such an action by T is incomplete in male-to-female transsexuals and that in this disorder the hypothalamus retains a cyclic pattern of gonadotrophin secretion and a positive feedback response to estrogens, such as is seen in the normal female. Five untreated male-to-female transsexuals and five normal male controls were each given 2 mg IM of estradiol, and T, estradiol, LH, and FSH globulin was measured serially over the following five days. No significant differences were found in the gonadotrophin or any of the other hormone responses in the transsexuals compared to normal controls. If there is a defect in imprinting of the hypothalamus in transsexual men, it does not seem to affect the basal levels of gonadotrophins or the pattern of their response to estrogen, at least in the intact male. PMID- 3922332 TI - Measurements of the cytosolic Ah receptor among four strains of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Four strains of Drosophila melanogaster exhibit differences in aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) inducibility by phenobarbital or Aroclor 1254, yet do not show the typical AHH induction response when exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p dioxin (TCDD) or benzo[a]anthracene. Adult flies were nevertheless examined for the presence of cytosolic TCDD-specific binding (Ah receptor). Berlin-K and Haag 79 exhibit AHH induction by Aroclor 1254 and possess detectable amounts of Ah receptor. Hikone-R has negligible AHH inducibility by Aroclor 1254, yet possesses measurable amounts of the receptor. Oregon-K displays AHH induction by Aroclor 1254 but has no detectable levels of the cytosolic receptor. Specific (high affinity, low-capacity and saturable) binding of [3H-1,6]TCDD to the Ah receptor in D. melanogaster was shown to be similar to that observed in C57BL/6 mouse liver. Similar specific binding of generally labeled [3H]benzo[a]anthracene in D. melanogaster cytosol was not found. These data suggest that the presence of the Ah receptor per se, or quantity of receptor, does not guarantee AHH inducibility by TCDD or benzo[a]anthracene in adults of these four fruit fly strains. PMID- 3922333 TI - Genetically mediated induction of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity in mice by polychlorinated dibenzofuran isomers and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. AB - Hepatic aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH)-inducing potency of toxic polychlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons such as polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), 3,4,5,3',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (HCB) and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p dioxin (TCDD) was studied in four inbred strains of mice with different phenotypes of Ah locus, i.e., AHH-responsive strains: C57BL/6N and AKR/Ms Qdj, and AHH-nonresponsive strains: DBA/2Cr Slc and Qdj; DDD. Eight individual PCDF isomers or TCDD were administered IP in doses of 30 micrograms/kg; HCB was given in a dose of 120 micrograms/kg. In AHH-nonresponsive strains of mice, only TCDD significantly induced hepatic AHH activity, while in AHH-responsive strains, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran(2,3,7,8-TCDF), 1,2,3,7,8 pentachlorodibenzofuran(1,2,3,7,8-PCDF), 2,3,4,7,8 pentachlorodibenzofuran(2,3,4,7,8-PCDF), and TCDD significantly enhanced the enzyme activity, and the induced AHH activities with the three PCDF isomers were about 30-65% of those of TCDD. These results indicate that AHH responsiveness in mice segregates with the induction of AHH activity by PCDF isomers and may also segregate with the toxic potency of the isomers; i.e., toxic potencies of 2,3,7,8 TCDF, 1,2,3,7,8-PCDF, and 2,3,4,7,8-PCDF in AHH-responsive strains of mice may be much greater than those in AHH-nonresponsive strains of mice. Taking into account both the potent AHH inducibility and the high bioaccumulation of 2,3,7,8-TCDF, 1,2,3,7,8-PCDF, and 2,3,4,7,8-PCDF, these three PCDF isomers should be given greater attention with regard to environmental contamination. PMID- 3922334 TI - Genetically mediated induction of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity in human lymphoblastoid cells by polychlorinated dibenzofuran isomers and 2,3,7,8 tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. AB - Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase(AHH)-inducing potency of toxic polychlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons such as polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDF) isomers, 3,4,5,3',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (HCB) and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) was investigated in human lymphoblastoid cell lines with different AHH inducibility for 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC) obtained from healthy subjects. Each of the cell lines was treated with eight individual PCDF isomers, TCDD, and HCB at doses of 1.9-15 ng/ml of culture medium, 1.9-7.5 ng/ml and 95 ng/ml, respectively. Lymphoblastoid cell lines were arbitrarily classified into three groups based on their AHH inducibilities with 3-MC (2.5 microM); low (3 MC/control = I less than 3), middle (3 less than or equal to I less than 6) and high (I greater than or equal to 6). Degrees of the enzyme inducibilities of the organochlorine compounds proportionally increased with those for 3-MC. AHH inducibilities with 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran(2,3,4,7,8-PCDF), 1,2,3,4,6,7-hexachlorodibenzofuran(1,2,3,4,6,7-HCDF) and 1,2,3,4,7,8 hexachlorodibenzofuran(1,2,3,4,7,8-HCDF) were comparable to those of TCDD at doses of 7.5 ng/ml, and about twice as high as those of 2,3,7,8 tetrachlorodibenzofuran (TCDF), at the same dose, HCB, at a dose of 95 ng/ml, did not induce enzyme activity. The experimental evidence indicated that AHH inducibility by the organochlorine compounds reflected the genetic susceptibility of the cells to the phenomenon of induction, and PCDF isomers found at relatively high concentrations in tissues of mammals exerted the highest values of AHH induction. PMID- 3922335 TI - [Pathologo-anatomical characteristics of hyperosmolar and other comatous conditions]. AB - Fifty-four cases of death from hyperosmolar comas were examined pathoanatomically together with the postmortem biochemical analysis of the CSF and blood. Brain of animals with disturbances of the blood and CSF osmolarity was studied electron cytochemically and autoradiographically. It was discovered that the hyperosmolar comas are manifested by excosis and brain collapse. The brain is reduced in volume due to deep cell-extracell dehydration and alteration of the hematoencephalic barrier with the irreversible depression of the neuronal and glial metabolism. In 7 patients dying with the purulent-necrotic changes of vessels resulting from the hyperosmolar effect of verografin used for the carotid angiography, numerous perivascular hemorrhages developed in the brain. Dysequilibrium syndrome in hemodialysis is manifested by an acute brain swelling or by a formation at a later period of symmetrical ischemic-hemorrhagic necrosis in the thalamus and occipital lobes of the large hemispheres. PMID- 3922336 TI - Characterization and mode of action of a purified bacteriocin from the oral bacterium Streptococcus mutans RM-10. AB - The purified bacteriocin was sensitive to proteolytic enzymes such as trypsin, alpha-chymotrypsin and pronase, but resistant to papain and pepsin. Lowering the pH of the bacteriocin caused precipitation, and the Abs280 of the supernatant reached a minimum at pH 3.6, suggesting that this is the isoelectric point. Such a pH value coincides with minimum bacteriocin activity. The effect of the bacteriocin was bactericidal rather than bacteriolytic and concentration dependent. Treatment of Streptococcus faecalis ODU with Rm-10 bacteriocin led rapidly to the cessation of biosynthesis of macromolecules, DNA, RNA and protein. Electron microscopy showed bacteriocin fibres attached in aggregated bundles to target cells; after ultra-sonication or detergent treatment they were individually attached to the cell surface and, at the same time, the apparent bacteriocin activity had doubled. Bacteriocin activity was not altered by filter sterilized saliva components. Oral rinsing with Rm-10 bacteriocin reduced the number of viable salivary bacteria after 20 min, suggesting a possible therapeutic use for Rm-10 bacteriocin. PMID- 3922337 TI - T6 antigen-positive cells in human labial salivary glands. AB - The distribution of T6-positive cells in glands from three healthy individuals and 18 patients suffering from various systemic disorders was studied using OKT 6 and NA1/34 monoclonal antibodies in an indirect immunoperoxidase method on frozen sections. Although no positive cells were seen in the glands of healthy controls, 10 of the 18 biopsies from the patient-group contained T6-positive cells which were mostly within glandular epithelium. The presence of T6-positive cells appeared to correlate with lymphoid infiltration of the glands. Only one of the 8 patient biopsies showing normal or minimally-altered structure contained T6 positive cells. Thus these cells are unlikely to play a role in the normal physiological function of labial salivary glands. PMID- 3922338 TI - Role of debridement and trifluridine (trifluorothymidine) in herpes simplex dendritic keratitis. AB - Thirty-four patients with herpes simplex dendritic keratitis were randomized into three treatment categories: Group A had debridement alone; group B, trifluridine (trifluorothymidine) alone; and group C, debridement and trifluridine. Patients treated with debridement alone had a statistically higher failure rate than did the other two groups. No statistically significant difference was observed between trifluridine treatment alone and debridement combined with trifluridine treatment, with regard to healing time. Our results suggest that debridement alone is suboptimal therapy for herpes simplex dendritic keratitis and that debridement combined with trifluridine appears to offer no advantage over trifluridine alone. PMID- 3922339 TI - Histochemical characterization of low density lipoprotein receptors in internalization-defective familial hypercholesterolemia. AB - We studied the localization of low density lipoprotein (LDL) bound to the receptors on the cultured fibroblasts from a patient (MN) with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia and a defect in internalization of LDL and compared the localization with normal fibroblasts and with those from another internalization-defective cell, GM2408A. Monolayers of cells were cultured with lipoprotein-deficient human serum, and the cells were incubated with 125I- or ferritin-labeled LDL. The LDL binding was observed by autoradiography or by an electron microscope. Autoradiographs of bound 125I-LDL confirmed that MN's cells could not internalize LDL inside the cell at 37 degrees C. In these cells, ferritin LDL was found mainly in noncoated regions at 4 degrees C; it was not found in endocytic vesicles after incubation at 37 degrees C. Ferritin cores that bound on the surface of the cells from the normal subject, from GM2408A, from MN, and from MN's parents, were counted and quantitatively analyzed at 4 degrees C. In normal cells, 62% of the ferritin cores were bound in the coated pits; in MN's cells, only 11% of the ferritin LDL was found in the coated pits; in the GM2408A cells, 12% of the ferritin LDL was found in the coated pits; in the cells from MN's parents, 40% of the ferritin LDL was found on the coated pits. The results indicate that the internalization defect in MN's cells is the same as that in the GM2408A cells; neither can localize the LDL and LDL receptor complex in coated pits. PMID- 3922340 TI - Coagulant factor Xa inhibits prostacyclin formation in human endothelial cells. Role of factor V. AB - Thrombin stimulates prostacyclin formation in cultured human endothelial cells. However, a countervailing process that prevents prostacyclin overproduction has not been described previously. In this study, we demonstrate that Factor Xa can inhibit prostacyclin synthesis induced by thrombin or sodium arachidonate. The required concentration of Factor Xa represents activation of only 2% of the Factor X in plasma. The inhibition is reversed by a human monoclonal antibody directed against the light chain of Factor Va (Mr = 78,000), which suggests that Factor Va is required for this down-regulation of prostacyclin production. Confluent human endothelial cells (10(7)) contained 1.4 to 2.2 micrograms of Factor V antigen as measured by a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results indicate that in endothelial cells Factor Xa may play a regulatory role in prostacyclin formation through interaction with Factor Va. PMID- 3922341 TI - Experimental combined aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A intoxication in pigs. AB - Twenty-one pigs weighing approximately 18 kg were placed in 7 groups of 3 and given diets containing respectively aflatoxin B1 alone at 0.375 and 0.0750 mg/kg, ochratoxin A alone at 1 and 2 mg/kg, 0.375 mg/kg of aflatoxin B1 plus 1 mg/kg of ochratoxin A and 0.750 mg/kg aflatoxin B1 and 2 mg/kg of ochratoxin A. The remaining group served as untreated control. At the respective dose levels, pigs receiving similar doses of ochratoxin A alone or in combination with aflatoxin B1, were similarly affected, the clinical effects of aflatoxin having been mostly obscured by those due to ochratoxin A. Mild degenerative hepatic changes typical of aflatoxicosis were observed in pigs fed this toxin alone or in combination with ochratoxin A. In kidneys of pigs fed diet containing 1 and 2 mg of ochratoxin A alone changes included interstitial fibrosis of the vortex and dystrophy and degeneration of the tubular epithelium. Similar lesions but less pronounced fibrosis were found in kidneys of pigs receiving both toxins. The respective lower dose levels of mycotoxins selected were judged to be about the no-effect levels for each dosed separately under the conditions of the trial. Such levels have been found not infrequently on mould affected grain and stock foods. The result highlights the difficulties that may be experienced in the recognition of such multimycotoxicoses as they are likely to occur in the field and indicate the need for toxicological analysis as well as pathological investigation in establishing a diagnosis. PMID- 3922342 TI - Use of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in a bovine brucellosis eradication program. AB - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed and was compared with the complement fixation test (CFT) in a bovine brucellosis eradication program. The ELISA detected significantly more reactors than the CFT in both strain 19 vaccinated infected herds (1.79% versus 1.14%) and non-vaccinated infected herds (4.2% versus 3.59%) but not in either vaccinated or non-vaccinated brucella-free herds. The specificity for both tests in brucella-free herds was greater than 0.998. The specificity and sensitivity of the ELISA were compared with those of 3 other tests (the Rose Bengal test; the indirect haemolysis test [IHLT] and the CFT) on serum from 151 animals cultured at slaughter. The calculated specificity of the ELISA in this infected group was lower than for both the CFT and the IHLT (0.58 versus 0.67 versus 0.75). The sensitivity however was much greater (1.0 versus 0.73 versus 0.71). The value of the ELISA when used in an eradication program is discussed. PMID- 3922343 TI - Response of CHO cell DNA polymerase alpha to dCTP and dTTP pool imbalance: relation to DNA synthesis inhibition, survival and mutation. PMID- 3922344 TI - Biological consequences of guanine starvation. PMID- 3922345 TI - Metabolic effects of poly (ADP-ribose) inhibitors. PMID- 3922346 TI - The effects of pyrimidine nucleotides on alkylating agent induced cytotoxicity and spontaneous and induced mutation to purine analog resistance in V79 cells. AB - Exposure of three V79 cell lines to dT after treatment with monofunctional alkylating agents resulted in potentiation of alkylation induced cytotoxicity. The degree of potentiation achieved was dependent on the concentration and duration of exposure to dT and was reversed by equimolar concentrations of dCyd. Exposure to dT after UV or X-irradiation or treatment with HN2 or MMC did not affect the cytotoxic response. dT exposure at non-cytotoxic concentrations did not affect DNA synthesis as measured by [3H]-dT incorporation when allowance was made for reductions in specific activity of labelled thymidine. However, dT post treatment reversed the alkylation induced inhibition of DNA synthesis. Toxic concentrations of dT caused an increase in frequency of TGR colonies but this increase was shown to be due to effects of dT on cell growth rate, and differential sensitivity ot HGPRT- and HGPRT+ cells. The frequency of spontaneous and alkylation induced AZR and to a lesser extent TGR colonies was also increased by non-toxic dT concentrations. Evidence was obtained which suggests that this increase is more likely to be due to alterations in the selective efficiency of the purine analogs than alterations in coding fidelity due to altered dNTP pools. PMID- 3922347 TI - Substrate utilization of adult cardiac myocytes. AB - Cultured adult myocytes are in a state of basal metabolism. When glucose is the only exogenous substrate, they produce lactate over CO2 at a constant rate of 2.7 from this substrate. Increase of oxygen tension does not change this behaviour. Insulin preferentially increases lactate formation, dichloroacetate only CO2 production. The fact that the lactate/CO2 ratio can be varied from 0.5 to 16 indicates that there is no close coupling between glycolytic flux and pyruvate oxidation. Both exogenous lactate and fatty acids are used preferentially over glucose. But increase of fatty acid oxidation and inhibition of glucose oxidation are not complementary. Glycolytic flux is only slightly decreased when fatty acid oxidation is already saturated. The results indicate that fatty acids interact with glucose oxidation primarily by inactivation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase. Neither insulin nor dichloroacetate in the presence of glucose inhibit fatty acid oxidation. PMID- 3922348 TI - [Medicamentous skeletal fluorosis]. PMID- 3922349 TI - [Possibilities of mastitis control through breeding of resistant cattle]. PMID- 3922350 TI - Description of a genetic polymorphism of a human proline-rich salivary protein, Pc, and its relationship to other proteins in the salivary protein complex (SPC). AB - A new polymorphism, Pc, has been identified in human saliva. Two proteins, Pc 1 and Pc 2, are determined by alleles Pc1 and Pc2, respectively, which show autosomal codominant inheritance. No null phenotype has been encountered in 225 randomly collected salivas. The frequencies of the two alleles differ in the Black and White American populations, with Pc1 and Pc2 being 0.670 and 0.330 in the Black (N = 47) and 0.461 and 0.539 in the White (N = 178) populations, respectively. The alleles are in equilibrium in the two populations and segregation analyses (30 families) do not suggest the existence of a null allele in either population. Of seven polymorphic human salivary proteins determined by genes in the salivary protein complex (SPC), Pc phenotypes show association only with Ps phenotypes. Based on that association, our linkage studies, and the biochemical similarities with other SPC proteins, we tentatively conclude that Pc is a member of the SPC, bringing the total number of genes in that group to 13. PMID- 3922351 TI - Neurospora glucamylase and a mutant affected in its regulation. AB - Neurospora glucamylase is a glucose-repressible extracellular enzyme. The enzyme was purified to homogeneity and found to have a molecular weight of 82,000 and to release glucose from either maltose or amylose. The rate of glucamylase synthesis increases more than 100-fold when cells are transferred from a glucose-containing medium to a glucose-free medium. Increased from a glucose-containing medium to a glucose-free medium. Increased production of glucamylase begins within 30 min of the transfer. Glucamylase is rapidly secreted into the medium. A mutant affecting the ability of glucose to repress the synthesis of the glucose-repressible extracellular enzymes glucamylase and invertase has been isolated and studied. The mutant constitutively synthesizes and secretes a glucamylase which is indistinguishable from the wild-type enzyme. PMID- 3922353 TI - Spectroscopic evidence for a photosensitive oxygenated state of ammonia mono oxygenase. AB - Photoinactivation of ammonia oxidation by Nitrosomonas europaea cells by near u.v. light was confirmed and further shown to occur with the same rate constant as loss of bromoethane-oxidation activity. Hydroxylamine oxidation was much less photosensitive. Protection against inactivation was afforded by anaerobiosis, organic substrates of ammonia mono-oxygenase such as bromoethane, or metal-ion chelating agents such as thiourea. The presence of 10 mM-NH4+ or 1 mM hydroxylamine made little difference, whereas hydrazine had a potentiating effect. Illumination of cells also caused a bleaching in the absorption spectrum around 380 nm, along with changes in the cytochrome gamma-band region. Similar effects below 400 nm were obtained when organic substrates and inhibitors of the mono-oxygenase were added to cells in the dark. The copper proteins haemocyanin and tyrosinase have a photosensitive oxygenated state with a near-u.v. absorption band of similar half-width. They also have a sensitivity to chelating agents similar to that of ammonia mono-oxygenase. The experimental results are explained in terms of a three-stage catalytic cycle analogous to that for tyrosinase. In resting cells most of the enzyme is believed to be in an oxygenated (Oxy) form, which absorbs maximally at 378 nm and is photosensitive. In the presence of a substrate, one O atom is inserted into the substrate and the other is reduced to water, leaving the enzyme in an oxidized (Met) state. This is followed by a two electron reduction of the proposed binuclear copper site to give a reduced (Deoxy) state, which can bind O2 to complete the cycle. PMID- 3922352 TI - Soluble C3 proconvertase and convertase of the classical pathway of human complement. Conditions of stabilization in vitro. AB - Soluble classical-pathway C3 convertase and proconvertase were prepared from purified C4b-C2ox complex in the presence of Ni2+; the two complexes, stable for at least 15 h at 4 degrees C, were isolated by sucrose-density-gradient ultracentrifugation. The C3 convertase alone was able to cleave C3, and its decay was accelerated in the presence of C4-binding protein. The individual roles of Ni2+ and I2 treatment of C2 in the stabilization of the complexes seemed to be different and additive. 63Ni2+ binding coupled to h.p.l.c. analysis showed that 63Ni2+ bound only to the C2ox proteolytic fragment a (1 mol/mol) with a Kd of 26 microM. Competition studies between Ni2+ and Mg2+ indicated that only half of the Ni2+ bound to the C3 convertase was removed by Mg2+, whereas, in the same conditions, Ni2+ bound to C2ox proteolytic fragment a was not displaced, suggesting the presence of two sets of sites on the convertase. EDTA prevented the formation of both C3 convertase and proconvertase; EDTA had no effect on the preformed C3 convertase, whereas it dissociated the preformed proconvertase. PMID- 3922354 TI - Chemical synthesis and papain-catalysed hydrolysis of N-alpha-benzyloxycarbonyl-L lysine p-nitroanilide. AB - The chemical synthesis of N-alpha-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-lysine p-nitroanilide (Z Lys-pNA) is described in detail. The pH-dependence of the catalytic parameters kcat,' Km and kcat./Km for the papain-catalysed hydrolysis of Z-Lys-pNA are determined. kcat. and Km are pH-independent between pH 5 and pH 7.42, but the pH dependence of kcat./Km is bell-shaped, decreasing at high and low pH values with pKa values of 7.97 and 4.40 respectively. The catalytic parameters and their pH dependence are shown to be similar to those reported for other anilide substrates and it is concluded that the Km value of 0.01 mM previously reported [Angelides & Fink (1979) Biochemistry 18, 2355-2369] is incorrect. The possibility of accumulating a tetrahedral intermediate during the papain-catalysed hydrolysis of Z-Lys-pNA is discussed. PMID- 3922355 TI - Measurement of xylanase activity with insoluble xylan substrate. AB - Insoluble xylan was prepared from ground birch (Betula pubescens) pulp by alkali extraction and precipitation with ethanol. The only sugar detected after acid hydrolysis of the preparation was xylose. The insoluble xylan was used as substrate in a nephelometric assay to determine the xylanase (EC 3.2.1.8, 1,4 beta-D-xylan xylanohydrolase and EC 3.2.1.37, 1,4-beta-D-xylan xylohydrolase) activities of Aspergillus and Trichoderma enzymes. The nephelometric method is reliable in evaluating xylanase hydrolysis of insoluble xylan. PMID- 3922356 TI - Amino acid sequence around the active-site serine residue in the acyltransferase domain of goat mammary fatty acid synthetase. AB - Goat mammary fatty acid synthetase was labelled in the acyltransferase domain by formation of O-ester intermediates by incubation with [1-14C]acetyl-CoA and [2 14C]malonyl-CoA. Tryptic-digest and CNBr-cleavage peptides were isolated and purified by high-performance reverse-phase and ion-exchange liquid chromatography. The sequences of the malonyl- and acetyl-labelled peptides were shown to be identical. The results confirm the hypothesis that both acetyl and malonyl groups are transferred to the mammalian fatty acid synthetase complex by the same transferase. The sequence is compared with those of other fatty acid synthetase transferases. PMID- 3922357 TI - Purification and some properties of glyoxylate reductase (NADP+) and its functional location in mitochondria in Euglena gracilis z. AB - Euglena mitochondria contain both glyoxylate reductase (NADP+) and glycollate dehydrogenase to constitute the glycollate-glyoxylate cycle [Yokota & Kitaoka (1979) Biochem. J. 184, 189-192]. Euglena glyoxylate reductase (NADP+) was purified and its submitochondrial location was determined in order to elucidate the cycle. The purified glyoxylate reductase was homogeneous on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Difference spectra of the purified enzyme revealed that the enzyme was a flavin enzyme. The Mr of the enzyme was 82 000. The enzyme was specific for NADPH, with an apparent Km of 3.9 microM, and for glyoxylate, with an apparent Km of 45 microM. It was 30% as active with oxaloacetate as with glyoxylate. NADH and hydroxypyruvate did not support the activity at all. The optimum pH was 6.45. Submitochondrial fractionation of purified mitochondria showed that the enzyme was located in the intermembrane space and loosely bound to the outer surface of the inner membrane. These properties and the submitochondrial localization of NADPH-glyoxylate reductase facilitate the operation of the glycollate-glyoxylate cycle in combination with glycollate dehydrogenase, which is tightly bound to the inner membrane of Euglena mitochondria. PMID- 3922358 TI - Secretion of ceruloplasmin by a human clear cell carcinoma maintained in nude mice. AB - Ceruloplasmin is the best known but least understood copper protein. Studies preliminary to investigating the control of ceruloplasmin synthesis have utilized a human renal cell carcinoma maintained in nude mice for 73 passages over a 5 year period. In vitro cultures of these cells were accomplished and the mRNAs were extracted prior to microinjection into Xenopus oocytes. The media examined by SE-HPLC and immunological techniques demonstrated that (1) after in vitro culture, ceruloplasmin was secreted as an uncleaved polypeptide chain with a MW of 135,000; (2) the translational product of ceruloplasmin mRNA injected into Xenopus oocytes was cleaved into fragments with MWs of 110,000, 67,000, and 50,000. The results indicate that mRNA for human ceruloplasmin can be obtained to serve as a template for the synthesis of a cDNA probe to investigate the control of human ceruloplasmin's synthesis. PMID- 3922359 TI - Effect of daily exercise and food intake on leucine oxidation. AB - Oxidation of the branched-chain amino acid leucine was studied in 22 male Sprague Dawley rats (70-90 g) over 3 days following the ingestion on Day 1 of a mixed diet containing a tracer dose (10 muCi) of L-[1-14C]Leu. One group (E) completed 1 hr exercise at 80% VO2 max immediately after a 2-hr feeding period on all 3 days, while a second group served as a control. Rats from group E were sacrificed immediately after the 2 hr feeding on Day 1, following exercise on Days 1 and 3, and at the end of Day 3. The following were determined: (1) continuous 14CO2 production, (2) radioactivity remaining in the gastrointestinal tract, and (3) distribution of free vs protein bound 14C in muscle and liver. The results indicated that (1) 14CO2 production increased during exercise on all 3 days (P less than 0.01), (2) 14CO2 production also increased (P less than 0.05) following food intake (unlabeled diet), (3) 14CO2 production due to exercise was greater than that due to food intake (P less than 0.05), (4) absolute 14CO2 production decreased dramatically by 15 hr of Day 1 (P less than 0.01) with little change thereafter (except with exercise and food intake on Days 2 and 3), (5) greater than 98% of the labeled diet was absorbed from the GIT 51 hr postingestion, and (6) 14C in the free pool of muscle and liver could account for less than 15% of the total 14CO2 production. These results suggest that protein bound 14C in addition to free 14C may be responsible for a significant proportion of the observed increased 14CO2 production during exercise. PMID- 3922360 TI - The encapsulation of pancreatic islets. Investigation of insulin secretion and content in vitro. AB - Polyelectrolyte complex capsules from cellulose sulphate can be formed by precipitation in a polycation bath. The application of this new method for encapsulation of pancreatic islets requires investigations whether and to what extent cellulose sulphate injures viability and functionality of the pancreatic islets. Islets cultures in the presence of 2% cellulose sulphate for up to 3 weeks are characterized by unchanged insulin content, secretion and biosynthesis when compared to appropriate controls. PMID- 3922361 TI - Clinical transplantation of fetal human pancreatic islets. AB - Fetal human Langerhans islets were isolated from pancreatic tissue of 2 embryos aged 20 and 22 weeks by partial collagenase digestion. The islets were kept in Eagle's medium at 37 degrees C and 5% CO2 for 10 weeks. The insulin production was continuous during this period. The two cultured fetal islet masses were transplanted to a 31-year-old diabetic man and a 58-year-old diabetic woman. They have required insulin treatment for 25 and 30 years, respectively, and have suffered from retinopathy. The transplantations were performed to the liver after tissue typing. In the case of the man the daily insulin requirement was slightly reduced after 4 months of transplantation but later (8th month) the insulin dose was half the original one. Just now (24 months) the insulin dose is on the same level. In the case of the woman the daily insulin requirement was reduced only after 8 months of transplantation. Just now (13 months) her insulin dose is 12 U less than the original one. In both of them the function of the transplanted islets was proved by measurement of serum C-peptide level and by the fundus examination (no progression of retinopathy). PMID- 3922362 TI - Characterization of MOPC 315 IgA oligosaccharide processing intermediates. AB - The structures of alpha 1,2-mannose containing partially processed asparagine linked oligosaccharides on the alpha-chain of MOPC 315 IgA were characterized using specific glycosidases and acetolysis. Man6GlcNAc2, a substrate for a Golgi alpha 1,2-mannosidase, was found to be a single isomeric structure. Likewise, Man7-9GlcNAc2 were single isomers indicating an ordered sequence of removal of alpha 1,2-linked mannose residues on this murine immunoglobulin heavy chain. PMID- 3922364 TI - Evidence for a precursor for TRH in the neonatal rat pancreas. AB - Immunoreactive TRH-OH is present at low concentrations in acid extracts from 2- days old rat pancreas. The sequential treatment of these extracts with trypsin and carboxypeptidase A is followed by a three- and ten-fold increase in TRH-OH IR respectively. The molecular weight of the protein that gives rise to TRH-OH after enzymatic treatment ranges between 30000 and 40000 daltons. The appearance of TRH OH in the tryptic digest suggests that TRH-OH is the COOH-terminal sequence of this protein. These results are the first evidence that TRH biosynthesis occurs through a large molecule precursor. However, this is an indirect demonstration since TRH cannot be generated under these conditions due to the lack of enzymatic amidation activity. PMID- 3922363 TI - Stable hyper-production of Escherichia coli beta-lactamase by Bacillus subtilis grown on a 0.5 M succinate-medium using a B. subtilis alpha-amylase secretion vector. AB - Extracellular production of Escherichia coli beta-lactamase by Bacillus subtilis, using a B. subtilis secretion vector constructed from its own alpha-amylase gene, was promoted when the cells were grown on LG-medium containing 0.5 M succinate under poor aeration conditions. The amount of the enzyme secreted was 50 to 60 times as large as that obtained by cultivation of the cells on LG-medium under good aeration conditions. The effect of protease-deficient mutant of B. subtilis on the enzyme production by B. subtilis was significant while that of protease inhibitors was negligible or inexistent. PMID- 3922365 TI - Feminization of the hepatic monooxygenases by growth hormone is mimicked by puromycin and correlates with a decrease in male-type cytochrome P450. AB - The hepatic monooxygenase system (MFO) was studied in hypophysectomized male rats treated with growth hormone (GH), puromycin, or both. GH significantly decreased the amount of cytochrome P450 and the activity of ethylmorphine demethylase but did not affect aniline hydroxylase or NADPH cytochrome c reductase. Puromycin significantly increased the activity of the reductase but otherwise had effects identical to GH. The agent's effects were additive. By labelling the P450 with [3H]-heme we found that GH decreased the amount of male-type (slow turnover) P450 by 56% but lowered the female-type (fast turnover) by only 10%. The hormone increased the half-life of both types by 56 and 100% respectively. We conclude that GH feminizes the MFO by decreasing the synthesis of male-type cytochrome P450. PMID- 3922366 TI - Germinability of coat-lacking spores of Bacillus megaterium. AB - Upon treatment with acid, the germinability of both intact and coat-lacking spores of Bacillus megaterium ATCC 19213 exhibited similar features. Namely, when the spores previously germinated by alanine in the presence of phosphate buffer were converted to H-spores by treatment with nitric acid, germination proceeded at a very low speed in a same germination medium. When H-spores converted to Ca spores by treatment with calcium acetate and subsequently germinated, germination proceeded at a speed higher than that of native spores and occurred even in the absence of buffer. These results suggest that the site of exchangeable cations concerned with germinability must not exist in the coat. PMID- 3922367 TI - Heart contains two substrates (Mr = 40,000 and 41,000) for pertussis toxin catalyzed ADP-ribosylation that co-purify with Ns. AB - Two peptides (Mr = 40,000 and 41,000) in membranes of rabbit heart are radiolabeled when the membranes are incubated in the presence of activated pertussis toxin and [32P]NAD+. The 41,000-Mr peptide appears to be the alpha subunit of the inhibitory regulatory protein of adenylate cyclase, Ni. The 40,000 Mr substrate for pertussis toxin in the heart was investigated. Purification of the stimulatory regulatory protein of adenylate cyclase, Ns, results in the co purification of the alpha subunits of both Ns and Ni, the putative beta- (Mr = 35,000) and gamma- (Mr approximately equal to 15,000) subunits of Ns and Ni, and the additional 40,000-Mr peptide that is ADP-ribosylated by pertussis toxin. This 40,000-Mr substrate for pertussis toxin action appears to be a major N-protein of mammalian heart. PMID- 3922368 TI - A sperm-agglutinating lectin from seeds of Jack fruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus). AB - A lectin specific for N-acetylgalactosamine was isolated from seed extract of Jack fruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) by ammonium sulfate precipitation, followed by affinity chromatography on a Affigel-galactosamine-agarose column. The lectin possessed agglutinating activities for human and rat sperm as well as human red blood cells. It was found to have Mr = 62,000 consisting of two dissimilar subunits of Mr = 18,000 and 13,000. It also cross-reacted with an antibody against the lectin of Osage Orange (Maclura pomifera). PMID- 3922369 TI - A putative prohormone processing protease in bovine adrenal medulla specifically cleaving in between Lys-Arg sequences. AB - Paired basic residues, particularly Lys-Arg, are known as a typical site for proteolytic processing of prohormones. In this study, we confirmed the presence of a novel protease exhibiting substrate specificity toward Lys-Arg sequence. It was partially purified from the soluble fraction of bovine adrenomedullary chromaffin granules by using an affinity chromatography on soybean trypsin inhibitor-Sepharose. The enzyme, with optimal pH around 7.5-9.5, is classified into a serine-protease family by its inhibition spectrum. The enzyme specifically cleaves in between the Lys-Arg bonds of the peptides related to proenkephalins, but the sequences of Arg-Arg, Arg-Lys and a single basic residue (Arg or Lys) in the substrates are not affected by the enzyme. The unique substrate specificity of the enzyme suggests that it is distinct from pancreatic trypsin and may be physiologically involved in proenkephalin processing. PMID- 3922370 TI - Arachidonic acid metabolites regulate interleukin-1 production. AB - We have investigated the role of arachidonic acid metabolites in the regulation of interleukin-1 production by murine peritoneal macrophages. Indomethacin a potent inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis caused a dose-dependent augmentation of lipopolysaccharide induced interleukin production (up to 7-fold at 5 microM). In contrast, lipoxygenase inhibitors, nordihydroguarietic acid and nafazatrom had no effect at doses that did not significantly decrease prostaglandin synthesis. Added to lipopolysaccharide stimulated cultures, PGE2 was also augmented by indomethacin but unlike lipopolysaccharide treated cultures was suppressed by nordihydroguarietic acid. These data suggest that arachidonate metabolites may be potent autoregulators of macrophage interleukin-1 production. PMID- 3922371 TI - Effect of a steroidal oral contraceptive on intestinal absorptive functions in proteins deficient rat. AB - The effects of steroidal oral contraceptive norethynodrel plus ethinylestradiol-3 methyl ether (SOC) at a daily dose of 5 mg: 0.06 mg per kg body weight for 28 days on intestinal absorptive functions have been investigated in protein deficient female albino rats. The administration of this contraceptive caused significant increase in glucose and amino acids uptake but had no effect on calcium and zinc uptake in pair-fed as well as in protein-deficient rat. Further studies carried out on glucose transport system showed that the transport of sodium-dependent glucose was significantly enhanced while that of sodium independent glucose remained unaltered in drug-treated animals. Kinetic studies of glucose transport in the presence of sodium ions revealed that SOC treatment affected the rate of uptake of glucose by elevating Vmax, but the apparent Kt value remained the same in treated and untreated animals. PMID- 3922372 TI - Different effects of cyanide on the activities of 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylation catalyzed by two forms of cytochrome P-450 purified from 3-methylcholanthrene treated rats. AB - The effect of cyanide on 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylation by two cytochrome P-450 isozymes obtained from 3-methylcholanthrene treated rat liver microsomes was investigated. 7-Ethoxycoumarin O-deethylation was stimulated by the addition of cyanide to a reconstituted monooxygenase system consisting of NADPH, dilauroyl 3 L-phosphatidylcholine, NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase and MC P-448(2) (low spin form of cytochrome). In contrast, a weak inhibitory effect of cyanide on 7 ethoxycoumarin O-deethylation was observed when MC P-448(1) (high spin form of cytochrome) was used in the reconstituted system. Cyanide did not influence the apparent Km for 7-ethoxycoumarin when either form of cytochrome P-450 was used in the reconstituted system and did not stimulate the cumene hydroperoxide dependent O-deethylation by MC P-448(2). The stimulatory effect of cyanide on O deethylation by MC P-448(2) was decreased with increasing the concentration of the reductase added to the reconstituted system. On the other hand, the effect of cyanide on O-deethylation by MC P-448(1) was virtually independent on the amount of the reductase added. PMID- 3922373 TI - Thromboxane synthase inhibition potentiates washed platelet activation by endogenous and exogenous arachidonic acid. AB - The effect of the thromboxane (TX) synthase inhibitors dazoxiben and imidazole on platelet activation by endogenous and exogenous arachidonic acid (AA) was tested with human washed platelets. Dazoxiben (1-20 microM) inhibited the formation of TXB2 and markedly enhanced the shape change, aggregation, and (3H)serotonin release induced by added AA or when prostaglandin synthesis from endogenous AA was triggered by collagen, hydrogen peroxide or methyl mercury chloride (methyl Hg). Platelet activation by hydrogen peroxide (20-1200 microM) or methyl-Hg (1-5 microM) was entirely dependent on endogenous prostaglandin (PG) synthesis since acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), indomethacin or the cyclic endoperoxide/TXA2 antagonist BM 13.177 counteracted these stimulants with and without dazoxiben. Apparently, the potentiation is due to accumulating cyclic endoperoxides which during TX synthase inhibition reach greater platelet-activating potency than TXA2. Albumin or human platelet-poor plasma inhibited the platelet activation by hydrogen peroxide and methyl-Hg and suppressed the potentiation by dazoxiben. The latter effect of albumin may result from its PGD isomerase activity which redirects the cyclic endoperoxide metabolism to the platelet-inhibitory PGD2. The results show that non-platelet factors such as albumin are necessary to prevent a potentiating effect of TX synthase inhibitors on platelet activation. PMID- 3922374 TI - Thyroliberin (TRH), 6-methyl-5-oxothiomorpholinyl-3-carbonyl histidylproline amide and histidylproline diketopiperazine do not affect the release of [3H] acetyl choline and [3H]-choline from rat brain tissue cubes. PMID- 3922375 TI - Precursor- and pool-dependent differential effects of ethanol on human platelet prostanoid synthesis. PMID- 3922376 TI - Enhancement of peroxisomal beta-oxidation in the liver of rats and mice treated with valproic acid. AB - The effects of valproic acid on peroxisomal beta-oxidation and on lipid levels of liver and serum in the rat and mouse were studied. When the animals were fed diet containing 1% valproic acid for 2 weeks, the activity of peroxisomal beta oxidation increased 4-fold in the rat liver and 2-fold in the mouse liver. Other peroxisomal enzymes such as catalase and urate oxidase also increased by the treatment though to a lesser extent than beta-oxidation. The contents of triglyceride and cholesterol in the serum decreased significantly in the rat but not in the mouse. The time course curves of the activities of cyanide-insensitive palmitoyl-CoA oxidation and carnitine-dependent palmitoyltransferase indicated that peroxisomal beta-oxidation was enhanced more rapidly than that of mitochondrial. The distributions of these enzymes were not changed by the treatment with valproic acid, though increases in liver weight and protein content were observed. These results indicate that the action of valproic acid in enhancing hepatic beta-oxidation is similar to that of clofibrate and other hypolipidemic drugs. PMID- 3922377 TI - Biliary excretion of FITC metabolites after administration of FITC labeled asialo orosomucoid as a measure of lysosomal proteolysis. AB - An isolated perfused rat liver system was used to study the hepatic uptake and degradation of asialo orosomucoid (asialo alpha 1-acid glycoprotein). To this aim we coupled the fluorochrome FITC to the asialoglycoprotein. The covalent attachment of FITC to the glycoprotein did not affect its perfusate disappearance. The disappearance rate was characterized by a t1/2 approximately equal to 6.1 min, the clearance being 11.2 ml/min. The internalized ligand was probably extensively degraded in the lysosomes as demonstrated by the appearance of low molecular weight fluorescent compounds in the bile, having a higher fluorescence yield than the native conjugate. Lysosomal degradation of ASOR-FITC was shown to be the rate limiting step in FITC excretion into the bile. Treatment of a perfused liver with varying doses of the protease inhibitor leupeptin did not influence the perfusate disappearance rate of the protein. However, leupeptin inhibited the biliary output of FITC metabolites in a dose dependent fashion, half maximal inhibition occurring at 210 nM (in the perfusion medium), corresponding with a dose of 0.05 mg leupeptin per 10 g liver. It is concluded that the rate of lysosomal degradation of proteins in vivo can be determined by measuring the biliary excretion of fluorescent material originating from fluorescent probes covalently coupled to the particular protein. PMID- 3922378 TI - Influence of aging and exogenous substances on cerebral energy metabolism in posthypoglycemic recovery. AB - In rats of different ages, acute severe hypoglycemia with isoelectric EEG induced extensive deterioration of the energy state and gross alteration of amino acid contents. During recovery of adult animals, tissue glucose concentration returned to normal, while the rate of glycogen synthesis was slow, both lactate and pyruvate concentrations increasing above normal. In the recovery period of "adult" rats, the ATP concentration increased but the adenine nucleotide pool remained reduced, even if the ADP and AMP concentrations were close to normal. Phosphocreatine was restored to normal concentrations with reciprocal changes in creatine content. In adult rats, during the recovery there was a rise in glutamate and glutamine concentrations, gamma-aminobutyrate concentration returning to normal value. Ammonia and aspartate decreased below normal, while alanine increased above normal. Aging does not affect the cerebral metabolic derangement occurring in severe hypoglycemia, but rather the metabolic changes that the brain tends to reverse during the posthypoglycemic restitution. In fact, there was lower restitution of the concentrations of cerebral cortical metabolites of "mature" and "senescent" rats in comparison with "adult" ones. Particularly, in older brains the concentrations of many amino acids and adenylate nucleotides remained largely abnormal. The effect of some agents on the posthypoglycemic recovery was tested: (a) dihydroergocristine; (b) eburnamonine; (c) raubasine; (d) almitrine; (e) piracetam. During the posthypoglycemic recovery, these different agents exhibited different interferences on glycolytic metabolites, amino acids and energy-rich phosphates. However, a more limited effect of the tested agents, which decrease with aging, was observed. PMID- 3922379 TI - Stimulation of renin secretion by 8-(N,N-diethylamino)octyl-3,4,5 trimethoxybenzoate (TMB-8). AB - The intracellular calcium antagonist 8-(N,N-diethylamino)octyl-3,4,5 trimethoxybenzoate (TMB-8) prevents the release of Ca2+ from cell storage sites. The effect of this compound on renin secretion from rat renal cortical slices in vitro was investigated. TMB-8 was a potent stimulant of renin secretion within the concentration range 10(-5)M to 5 X 10(-4)M with an optimum concentration of 2 X 10(-4)M. TMB-8 overcame the inhibition of renin secretion by angiotensin II, ouabain, 60 mM KCl and A23187. The results add to the existing evidence that Ca2+ is a common inhibitory messenger for a number of compounds which affect renin release and suggest a role for intracellular calcium stores in the regulation of juxtaglomerular cell Ca2+ levels. PMID- 3922380 TI - [Interaction of muscle glycogen phosphorylase B with flavin-adenine dinucleotide and its analogs]. AB - The inhibition of rabbit skeletal muscle glycogen phosphorylase b by FAD and its analogues with substitutes in the position 8 has been studied. The value of half saturation, [I]0,5, for inhibitors increases in the following order: FAD (44 microM), 8 alpha-hydroxy-FAD (60 microM), 8-dimethylamino (nor)-FAD (69 microM), 8 alpha-(N-acetyl-L-cystein-S-yl)-FAD (106 microM). From the comparison of these values with those obtained earlier for FMN analogues, it follows that in the case of FAD the half-saturation value is less sensitive to modification of the position 8 in the flavin isoalloxazine ring. The existence of the glycogen phosphorylase b FAD-complex has been proved by the spectrophotometry and sedimentation methods. The positions of maxima of optical absorption of the enzyme-bound FAD in the 300-500 nm region are identical with corresponding positions for FMN. FAD has been shown to hinder the AMP-induced transition of dimeric form of the enzyme to tetrameric one. PMID- 3922381 TI - Antiepileptic drug evaluation in a new animal model: spontaneous petit mal epilepsy in the rat. AB - One-third of Wistar rats bred in our laboratory present recurrent seizures whose EEG and clinical symptomatology resemble those of human petit mal. Bilateral cortical synchronous spike- and wave discharges (7-11 c/s; 200-600 microV, lasting 0.5 to 40 s) accompany behavioral arrest and are associated frequently with facial myoclonia. These seizures, observed as long as the animals survive, appear spontaneously and seem to be unrelated to surgical procedures. Antiepileptics in common clinical use were tested. Ethosuximide (greater than 12.5 mg/kg), diazepam (greater than 0.5 mg/kg), trimethadione and sodium valproate (greater than 50 mg/kg) suppressed these discharges in a dose related manner. Carbamazepine and phenytoin were ineffective or aggravated the seizures. Phenobarbital, effective at 2.5 to 10 mg/kg, was ineffective at 20 mg/kg. The similar effects of these antiepileptics on both the rats' seizures and human petit mal confirm the hypothesis that this phenomenon constitutes a valid pharmacological model of petit mal epilepsy. Its predictive value appears to be superior to that of other currently used models. PMID- 3922382 TI - Glycerol trinitrate (nitroglycerin) plasma concentrations achieved after application of transdermal therapeutic systems to healthy volunteers. AB - Glycerol trinitrate (nitroglycerin, in the following briefly called GTN) plasma concentrations achieved upon application of a commercial scale produced transdermal therapeutic system containing GTN (TTS-GTN, Nitroderm-TTS) were compared to those induced by 2 TTS-GTN prototypes previously used for clinical trials. Each system was applied to the chest, lateral aspect, of 14 healthy volunteers for 24 h, in a 3-period change-over study. GTN in plasma was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The 3 systems released the drug continuously over 24 h. The mean plasma concentrations for all subjects and all sampling times (nmol/l) +/- SE were 0.92 +/- 0.18, 0.80 +/- 0.12 and 0.97 +/- 0.18 for the commercial scale TTS and the 2 other systems, respectively. No significant differences were demonstrated. The mean delivery rate of GTN calculated from the initial and residual contents of the TTS was 6.8 micrograms/min as a mean for the 3 systems. In another study, three different application sites were compared (chest, upper arm and pelvis). The results did not demonstrate significantly different GTN plasma levels. A comparison with published data after intravenous infusion showed a good availability of GTN administered transdermally by means of TTS. Its magnitude seems comparable to that of the intravenous route. PMID- 3922383 TI - Response of HDL cholesterol, apoprotein A-I, and LCAT to exercise withdrawal. AB - The effect of short-term exercise withdrawal on plasma lipoproteins, apoprotein A I (Apo A-I), and lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) was studied in moderately trained lifestyle exercisers. Eight endurance-trained men, age 18-45 years (means = 29 years), withdrew from aerobic activity for 6 weeks, while an age and fitness-matched control group (n = 9) maintained normal exercise habits. A baseline period that included two blood samplings preceded the detraining intervention. Plasma total cholesterol (TCHOL), HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglyceride (TG) levels were determined weekly. Other blood variables (HDL2-C, HDL3-C, Apo A-I, and LCAT), % fat, and aerobic capacity (VO2max) were measured pre-, mid-, and post-experiment. A two-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that the 6-week exercise withdrawal period failed to elicit significant mean changes in any blood variable, % fat, or VO2max. Therefore, a short-term layoff from aerobic activity by moderately trained, chronic exercisers generally does not adversely affect the blood lipoprotein profile or aerobic capacity. PMID- 3922384 TI - Role of low density lipoprotein in the activation of plasma lysolecithin acyltransferase activity. Effect of chemical and enzymatic modifications of the lipoprotein on enzyme activity. AB - The effect of various chemical and enzymatic modifications of low density lipoprotein (LDL) on its ability to activate the isolated human plasma lysolecithin acyltransferase (LAT) was studied. Removal of all lipids from LDL resulted in the complete loss of LAT activation. Removal of only neutral lipids by extraction with heptane retained up to 50% of the original activity, which was not increased further by reconstitution of the LDL with the extracted lipids. Hydrolysis of the diacylphosphoglycerides of the LDL with phospholipases resulted in complete loss of LAT activation which was partially restored by the addition of egg lecithin. Hydrolysis of more than 4% of LDL protein by trypsin led to a linear decrease in activity with complete loss of activity occurring when about 25% of the LDL protein is hydrolyzed. Modification of the arginine groups of LDL reversibly inhibited the activation of LAT. Modification of lysine residues of LDL by acetylation, acetoacetylation or succinylation also abolished its ability to activate lysolecithin acylation. PMID- 3922385 TI - Altitude-related illness. AB - There are a number of conditions which can be grouped together as ARI. Many represent potentially fatal pathophysiological states that are rapidly reversible if identified and treated properly. Physiological alterations that result from the hypobaric hypoxia of altitude include cerebral vasodilatation, altered ventilatory patterns, pulmonary vasoconstriction, decreased cardiac output, and altered fluid and electrolyte balance. The various altitude-related illnesses represent a spectrum of conditions with overlapping presentations. The symptoms of AMS and HACE represent a continuum of disease that appears to be related to alterations in cerebrovascular autoregulation. High-altitude retinal hemorrhage may be related to similar vascular events in the retinal circulation. Although the etiology of HAPE remains unclear, it is likely that alterations of pulmonary vascular tone and flow play an important roles in its production. Knowledge regarding ARI is important in planning prophylaxis and instituting therapy. Gradual ascent and acclimatization are the mainstays of prophylaxis. Pharmacological prophylaxis is available for those who are prone to severe AMS. Prompt recognition, descent, and administration of oxygen constitute the major therapies for severe ARI. The ability to perform these three tasks can rapidly reverse a potentially fatal illness. PMID- 3922386 TI - Comparative ventilatory efficiency of EOA and ET tube. PMID- 3922387 TI - Techniques for assessing hospital case mix. PMID- 3922388 TI - Catecholamine-blocking drugs injected at sites of amine accumulation reverse catecholamine degeneration associated deficits. AB - It has been hypothesized that catecholamine (CA) accumulation in the axons of degenerating neurons may represent areas of functional neurotransmitter, and may be producing some of the consummatory and locomotory deficits which occur after central CA-depleting lesions. To test this hypothesis further, haloperidol (0.5 microliter of a 7 nM sol.), propranolol (0.5 microliter of a 175 nM sol.) or isotonic saline (0.5 microliter) were injected 1.5 h, 24 h and 48 h after the injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA; 2 microliter of 8 micrograms/microliters) into the lateral hypothalamus (LH) of Sprague-Dawley rats to determine if the hypothermia, motor impairment and consummatory deficits could be reversed. Although haloperidol injection significantly enhanced the hypothermia seen 1.5 h after 6-OHDA injection, open field performance and consummatory responses were significantly improved after haloperidol was injected into the LH where accumulation is known to occur. Three consecutive days of intracerebral haloperidol treatment produced a recovery of body weight regulation lasting for 6 days. Treatment with propranolol enhanced open field performance 1 day after 6 OHDA injection but failed to enhance recovery of consummatory behaviour and body weight control. These results suggest that CA released from areas of accumulation act on adjacent CA receptors to participate in the production of behavioural deficits previously attributed only to the loss of functional neurotransmitter in terminal fields in the forebrain. PMID- 3922389 TI - Effects of chronic anticonvulsant monotherapy on endocrine system in prepubertal children with convulsive disorders. Preliminary data. AB - Effects of phenobarbital (PB), carbamazepine (CBZ) and sodium valproate (VPA) monotherapy on endocrine functions were investigated in 7 clinically prepubertal children aged 5-10 8/12 years. The following meaning results were observed: normal PRL release, low basal T4 levels in PB-, CBZ-treated children and normal T4 basal level in the VPA-treated child; normal T3, rT3, TBG and TSH basal values and normal TSH release in all treated children, normal FSH release in PB-, CBZ- and VPA-treated females, high LH levels before and after LHRH injection in CBZ- and PB-treated females; normal levels in the VPA-treated one, normal basal FSH levels and increased releases in PB- and CBZ-treated males, high LH levels before and after LHRH injection in PB- and CBZ-treated males, normal basal and peak levels of GH. PMID- 3922390 TI - Effects of anticonvulsant monotherapy in pregnancy on the newborn endocrine system. Preliminary data. AB - Pituitary-thyroid axis function and gonadotropin secretion were evaluated by a combined TRH and LHRH test in 4 newborn female infants appropriate for gestational age of mothers treated by AEDs throughout pregnancy. We found: high basal FSH levels with normal FSH reserve, normal LH-HCG levels both before and after LHRH stimulation, normal TSH and T4 levels both before and after TRH stimulation, high T3 basal values with a normal increase after TRH and low rT3 basal values. It is suggested an AED increased T4 deiodination towards T3 in the newborn liver without a marked impairment of the endocrine functions of the fetus. PMID- 3922391 TI - Reduction of skeletal blood flow in Paget's disease with disodium etidronate therapy. AB - Fourteen patients with Paget's disease of bone were treated with disodium etidronate in doses of 5 to 7 mg/kg per day. Skeletal blood flow (SBF), was measured by the modified 18F clearance technique of Wootton et al. (1976) before treatment and again during treatment. In 10 patients restudied 3-4 months after the start of therapy, SBF had fallen by a mean of 21% of the initial value, and the individual differences correlated well with the individual reductions in serum alkaline phosphatase (r = 0.77, P less than 0.01). The results were similar to those seen in an earlier study in patients treated with calcitonin. However, no early reduction in SBF was seen in six repeat studies performed at the end of the second week of treatment, in contrast with our previous findings with calcitonin. PMID- 3922392 TI - Pharmacokinetics and haemodynamic effects of tocainide in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by left ventricular failure. AB - The pharmacokinetics and haemodynamic effects of tocainide, an orally active structural analogue of lignocaine, were studied in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by left ventricular failure. Fourteen patients (mean age 65 years) with acute myocardial infarction complicated by mild left ventricular failure were studied, following a single dose of tocainide (250 mg) by intravenous infusion, over 30 min. Heart rate, systemic arterial pressure, pulmonary artery pressure and cardiac output were monitored. Plasma tocainide levels were estimated by gas chromatography. The mean plasma level of tocainide achieved was 2.95 micrograms/ml (15.37 mmol/l). The mean plasma half-life was 15.6 h. The mean cardiac index was reduced 5 min after completion of the infusion, from 2.24 1 min-1 m-2 (+/- 0.40) to 2.07 1 min-1 m-2 (+/- 0.29) (P less than 0.01). At 90 min the cardiac index had returned to pre-treatment levels. Small changes were seen in the heart rate, arterial blood pressure and the pulmonary artery pressure but these changes were not statistically significant. The pharmacokinetics of tocainide were not significantly altered in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by mild left ventricular failure. PMID- 3922394 TI - Neurofibromatous dermal hypoplasia: a clinical, pharmacological and ultrastructural study. AB - Dermal hypoplasia is reported in three patients with neurofibromatosis. The areas of dermal hypoplasia failed to react to vasodilator stimuli and responded poorly to a vasoconstrictor stimulus. Histology of these lesions showed neurofibromatous tissue and at an ultrastructural level cells resembling perineurial cells were wrapped around dermal vessels. The poor vascular responses seen in these areas of neurofibromatous dermal hypoplasia might be due to the perineurial cells acting as a barrier to diffusion of the pharmacological agents and as a physical perivascular splint. PMID- 3922393 TI - A possible explanation for the absence of anti-anginal properties of transdermal nitroglycerin units: an echocardiographic study. AB - The failure of clinical trials to demonstrate any anti-anginal properties of the transdermal nitroglycerin units has resulted in the re-evaluation of one such product, Transiderm-Nitro. Haemodynamic assessment following the application of 10, 20 and 40 cm2 units has been made in eight healthy volunteers over a 6 h period. Measurements of heart rate, blood pressure, stroke volume and left ventricular dimension (by 'M' mode echocardiography) were made 2 h after the application of the units. End diastolic dimension fell by 5.2% and stress by 12.6% implying a reduction in myocardial oxygen consumption. However this was offset by an increase in double product of 10.7% and in circumferential fibre shortening of 23.4%. These results imply that the doses used produce venodilatation leading to a reduction in myocardial oxygen consumption. However this is counterbalanced by the reflex induced increase in heart rate and inotropic state. It suggests therefore that much larger doses are required to produce significant anti-anginal effects. PMID- 3922395 TI - A comparison of astemizole and chlorpheniramine in dermographic urticaria. AB - The effects of the H I receptor antagonists astemizole and chlorpheniramine on dermographism were compared in a double-blind study in sixteen patients. Both drugs resulted in a parallel and significant depression of the dermographic force response curve and an elevation of the weal-force threshold, but the changes were greater in the patients receiving astemizole (a maximal potency shift of 74% for astemizole and 37% for chlorpheniramine). Subjective itch (10 cm line) and frequency of dermographic episodes were also reduced more by astemizole than by chlorpheniramine. The effect of astemizole was greater at 4 weeks than at 2 weeks, whereas the effect of chlorpheniramine had decreased at 4 weeks. The effect of astemizole but not chlorpheniramine was still apparent 4 weeks after treatment had been stopped. Since the degree of residual dermographism was comparable despite great differences in histamine weal inhibition a vasoactive mechanism in addition to that mediated by histamine must be involved in dermographic urticaria. PMID- 3922396 TI - Increased sensitivity to thromboplastin synthesis in blood monocytes from pre eclamptic patients. AB - The thromboplastin activity in blood monocytes was investigated in third trimester pregnancies comprising 11 patients with severe pre-eclampsia, 10 with essential hypertension and 18 normal pregnancies. Thromboplastin activity in unstimulated monocytes from the severe pre-eclamptic group was on average three times that found in the normal pregnant group, but variation was wide and the differences were not statistically significant. Thromboplastin activity in endotoxin-stimulated monocytes was significantly higher in the severe pre eclamptic group than in the other two groups (normal and chronic hypertensive). In the severe pre-eclamptic group, there was a significant negative linear correlation between thromboplastin activity of the endotoxin-stimulated monocytes and factor VII. Fibrinogen, factor VII and alpha 2-antiplasmin were significantly lower in the severe pre-eclamptic group than in the normal pregnant group, whereas no differences were observed in factors V, VIII, AT-III and prekallikrein. PMID- 3922397 TI - Clinical trials of vitamin B6 and proline supplementation for gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina. AB - Five patients with gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina were examined ophthalmologically, especially ophthalmoscopically, to evaluate trials of vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) or supplementary proline. The oral administration of vitamin B6 was tried in two patients. The vitamin did not alter the serum ornithine level and the progression of chorioretinal atrophy in one patient (case 2). Despite a reduced serum ornithine level following vitamin B6 administration, chorioretinal atrophy progressed gradually in another patient (case 3). Supplementary proline was tried in four patients. Despite the supplementation the serum proline level did not increase, and the chorioretinal atrophy progressed in one patient (case 2) who received both vitamin B6 and proline. Supplementary proline minimised the progression of gyrate atrophy in the youngest patient (case 1) and halted the progression in two others (cases 4 and 5). Supplementary proline may possibly lessen the progression of chorioretinal lesions in gyrate atrophy. PMID- 3922398 TI - Case of true cyclopia. AB - True cyclopia is a rare anomaly in which the organogenetic development of the two separate eyes is suppressed. A case of true cyclopia with normal karyotype is presented. There was a history of the use of an intrauterine device for contraception and of drug ingestion during early pregnancy. An anatomicopathological study of the monster with detailed presentation of the cyclopean eye is reported. The possible causes of cyclopia with particular relation to this case are discussed. PMID- 3922399 TI - Determination of the relative positions of amino acids by partial specific cleavages of end-labeled proteins. AB - We have developed a new method for obtaining information about protein sequences that uses an approach analogous to that used to determine DNA sequences. In essence, three steps are involved. First, a detectable label is attached exclusively to the amino terminus of a polypeptide. Next, the labeled chain is subjected to partial specific cleavage in a way that produces roughly equimolar amounts of fragments of different sizes. Cleavages for methionine, tryptophan, arginine, aspartyl-proline bonds, and asparaginyl-glycine bonds have been employed. Lastly, the labeled fragments are separated according to size by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The distribution of target amino acids along the polypeptide chain can be deduced from the specific pattern of labeled bands by reading the "ladder" in the same way that DNA sequencing gels are read. Although the method can be conducted with a radioactive label, we have chosen to use a fluorescent label. We have applied the method successfully to the three subunit chains of two different fibrinogens. PMID- 3922400 TI - Effects of a surfactant-associated protein and calcium ions on the structure and surface activity of lung surfactant lipids. AB - Previous studies have demonstrated that lung-specific proteins are associated with surfactant lipids, particularly the highly surface active subfraction known as tubular myelin. We have isolated a surfactant-associated protein complex with molecular weight components of 36 000, 32 000, and 28 000 and reassembled it with protein-free lung surfactant lipids prepared as small unilamellar liposomes. The effects of divalent cations on the structure and surface activity of this protein lipid mixture were investigated by following (1) the state of lipid dispersion by changes in turbidity and by electron microscopy and (2) the ability of the surfactant lipids to form a surface film from an aqueous subphase at 37 degrees C. The protein complex markedly increased the rate of Ca2+-induced surfactant lipid aggregation. Electron microscopy demonstrated transformation of the small unilamellar liposomes (median diameter 440 A) into large aggregates. The threshold Ca2+ concentration required for rapid lipid aggregation was reduced from 13 to 0.5 mM by the protein complex. This protein-facilitated lipid aggregation did not occur if Mg2+ was the only divalent cation present. Similarly, 5 mM Ca2+ but not 5 mM Mg2+ improved the ability of the protein-lipid mixture to form a surface film at 37 degrees C. Extensive aggregation of the surfactant lipids without protein by 20 mM Ca2+ or 20 mM Mg2+ did not promote rapid surface film formation. These results add to the growing evidence that specific Ca2+-protein-lipid interactions are important in determining both the structure and function of extracellular lung surfactant fractions. PMID- 3922401 TI - Agglutination and fusion of globoside GL-4 containing phospholipid vesicles mediated by lectins and calcium ions. AB - We have investigated the interaction of five N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) specific lectins with the glycosphingolipid globoside GL-4, inserted into phospholipid vesicles composed of phosphatidyl-ethanolamine and phosphatidic acid, with respect to their ability to induce vesicle agglutination, fusion, and destabilization. The following lectins were used: soybean agglutinin (SBA); Sophora japonica agglutinin (SJA); Helix pomatia agglutinin (HPA); Ricinus communis agglutinin II (RCAII); and Codium fragile agglutinin (CFA). SBA and SJA caused rapid vesicle agglutination while HPA, CFA, and RCAII were ineffective. However, in the presence of RCAII, but not HPA and CFA, the addition of Ca2+ caused vesicle agglutination which was specifically inhibited by the haptenic sugar GalNAc, while ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) dissociated the vesicle complex. RCAII/Ca2+-induced vesicle agglutination was accomplished by binding of Ca2+ to RCAII after the lectin/receptor interaction. The rate of SBA induced vesicle agglutination was increased in the presence of Ca2+, independent of the order of Ca2+ addition, and was not reversed by EDTA, indicating that the mechanism by which Ca2+ stimulated agglutination in this case was different from that observed in the presence of RCAII. In contrast to RCAII/Ca2+, SBA/Ca2+ induced of the vesicles, which occurred only when Ca2+ was added after lectin addition. Close approach of adjacent bilayers was accomplished by nonspecific interactions of SBA with the bilayer after lectin binding to the receptor as revealed by a limited extent of SBA-induced fusion and an enhanced membrane permeability upon lectin binding. The phenomena observed can be explained in terms of a Ca2+-modulated reorientation of the carbohydrate head group, causing it to adopt a more perpendicular orientation with respect to the plane of the bilayer.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3922402 TI - Sequential cleavage of type I procollagen by procollagen N-proteinase. An intermediate containing an uncleaved pro alpha 1(I) chain. AB - The conversion of type I procollagen to type I collagen was studied by cleaving the protein with partically purified type I procollagen N-proteinase from chick embryos. Examination of the reaction products after incubation for varying times at 30 degrees C indicated that, during the initial stages of the reaction, pro alpha 1(I) and pro alpha 2(I) chains were cleaved at about the same rate. As a result, all the pro alpha 2(I) chains were converted to pC alpha 2(I) chains well before all the pro alpha 1 chains were cleaved. When the reaction products were examined by gel electrophoresis without reduction of interchain disulfide bonds, a distinct band of an intermediate was detected. The same intermediate was seen when the reaction was carried out at 35, 37, and 40 degrees C. The data established that over two-thirds of the type I procollagen was converted to the intermediate and that this intermediate was then slowly converted to the final product of pCcollagen. The kinetics for the reaction, however, did not fit a simple model for precursor-product relationship among substrate, intermediate, and product. Examination of the reaction products with a two-step gel procedure demonstrated that the intermediate consisted of three polypeptide chains in which the N propeptide was cleaved from one pro alpha 1 chain and one pro alpha 2(I) chain but the N propeptide was still present on one of the pro alpha 1(I) chains. In further experiments it was demonstrated that a similar intermediate was seen when a homotrimer of pro alpha 1(I) chains was partially cleaved by the enzyme.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3922403 TI - Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae: characterization of a reactive lysine residue labeled with acetylsalicylic acid. AB - Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (bakers' yeast) reacts with acetylsalicylic acid, and this is accompanied by inactivation and modification of essentially one lysine residue per subunit. The amino acid sequence of an 11-residue tryptic peptide containing the reactive lysine residue of the yeast enzyme is given and establishes the existence of different subgroups of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenases. Thus, the labeled yeast structure has few similarities to the known structure around the reactive lysine residue of the enzyme from Leuconostoc mesenteroides, although it has extensive similarities with a structure in the human enzyme. It is further shown that amino acid sequences around reactive lysine residues of dehydrogenases in general vary, even though similarities occur around reactive lysine residues in 6-phosphogluconate, glutamate, and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenases. PMID- 3922404 TI - Purification and characterization of the bifunctional thymidylate synthetase dihydrofolate reductase from methotrexate-resistant Leishmania tropica. AB - Thymidylate synthetase (TS) and dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) in Leishmania tropica exist as a bifunctional protein. By use of a methotrexate-resistant strain, which overproduces the bifunctional enzyme, the protein was purified 80 fold to apparent homogeneity in two steps. The native protein has an apparent molecular weight of 110 000 and consists of two subunits with identical size and charge. Available data indicate that each of the subunits possesses TS and DHFR. The TS of the bifunctional protein forms a covalent 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridylate (FdUMP)-(+/-)-5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate-enzyme complex in which 2 mol of FdUMP is bound per mole of enzyme. In contrast, titration of DHFR with methotrexate indicated that only 1 mol of the inhibitor is bound per mole of dimeric enzyme. Both TS and DHFR activities of the bifunctional enzyme were inactivated by the sulfhydryl reagent N-ethylmaleimide. Substrates of the individual enzymes afforded protection against inactivation, indicating that each enzyme requires at least one cysteine for catalytic activity. Kinetic evidence indicates that most, if not all, of the 7,8-dihydrofolate produced by TS is channeled to DHFR faster than it is released into the medium. Although the mechanism of channeling is unknown, the possibility that the two enzymes share a common folate binding site has been ruled out. PMID- 3922405 TI - Binding modes of inhibitors to ribonuclease T1 as studied by nuclear magnetic resonance. AB - The binding modes of inhibitors to ribonuclease T1 (RNase T1) were studied by the analyses of 270-MHz proton NMR spectra. The chemical shift changes upon binding of phosphate, guanosine, 2'-GMP, 3'-GMP, 5'-GMP, and guanosine 3',5' bis(phosphate) were observed as high field shifted methyl proton resonances of RNase T1. One methyl resonance was shifted upon binding of phosphate and guanosine nucleotides but not upon binding of guanosine. Four other methyl resonances were shifted upon binding of guanosine and guanosine nucleotides but not upon binding of phosphate. From the analyses of nuclear Overhauser effects for the pair of H8 and H1' protons, together with the vicinal coupling constants for the pair of H1' and H2' protons, the conformation of the guanosine moiety as bound to RNase T1 is found to be C3'-endo-syn for 2'-GMP and 3'-GMP and C3'-endo anti for 5'-GMP and guanosine 3',5'-bis(phosphate). These observations suggest that RNase T1 probably has specific binding sites for the guanine base and 3' phosphate group (P1 site) but not for the 5'-phosphate group (PO site) or the ribose ring. The weak binding of guanosine 3',5'-bis(phosphate) and 5'-GMP to RNase T1 is achieved by taking the anti form about the glycosyl bond. The productive binding to RNase T1 probably requires the syn form of the guanosine moiety of RNA substrates. PMID- 3922406 TI - Association-dissociation modulation of enzyme activity: case of lactose synthase. AB - Lactose synthase was found to show anomeric preference for beta-D-glucose. This information was utilized in the design of methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, and pentyl N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminides, which were subsequently demonstrated to be substrates for galactosyltransferase with apparent Km values in the low millimolar range. alpha-Lactalbumin competitively inhibits the transferase activity against these N-acetylglucosamine derivatives. This pattern of inhibition has also been observed when the dimer, trimer, and tetramer of N acetylglucosamine and ovomucoid served as the galactose acceptor. The data suggest that the binding of alpha-lactalbumin and the N-acetylglucosamine derivatives is mutually exclusive. This assertion is further supported by the inability of methyl and butyl N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminides to facilitate retention of galactosyltransferase on a column of alpha-lactalbumin immobilized onto Sepharose. Free N-acetylglucosamine, on the other hand, does cause retention of the transferase under the same conditions. Thus, alpha-lactalbumin must bind to a region on galactosyltransferase in close proximity to the monosaccharide binding site and exert its substrate-specifying action through competitive and mutually exclusive binding with the N-acetylglucosamine analogues accompanied by an increased affinity for glucose. In short, our substrate analogue studies have revealed that the association-dissociation modulation of galactosyltransferase activity is effected through a topographical blockade of glycoprotein binding by alpha-lactalbumin. PMID- 3922407 TI - Phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent protein kinase enzyme I of Streptococcus faecalis: purification and properties of the enzyme and characterization of its active center. AB - Enzyme I, the phosphoenolpyruvate:protein phosphotransferase (EC 2.7.3.9), which is part of the bacterial phosphoenolpyruvate- (PEP) dependent phosphotransferase system, has been purified from Streptococcus faecalis by using a large-scale preparation. Size exclusion chromatography revealed a molecular weight of 140 000. On sodium dodecyl sulfate gels, enzyme I gave one band with a molecular weight of 70 000, indicating that enzyme I consists of two identical subunits. The first 59 amino acids of the amino-terminal part of the protein have been sequenced. It showed some similarities with enzyme I of Salmonella typhimurium. The active center of enzyme I has also been determined. After phosphorylation with [32P]PEP, the enzyme was cleaved by using different proteases. Labeled peptides were isolated by high-performance liquid chromatography on a reversed phase column. The amino acid composition or amino acid sequence of the peptides has been determined. The largest labeled peptide was obtained with Lys-C protease and had the following sequence: -Ala-Phe-Val-Thr-Asp-Ile-Gly- Gly-Arg-Thr-Ser His*-Ser-Ala-Ile-Met-Ala-Arg-Ser-Leu-Glu-Ile-Pro-Ala- Ile-Val-Gly-Thr-Lys-. It has previously been shown that the phosphoryl group is bound to the N-3 position of a histidyl residue in phosphorylated enzyme I. The single His in position 12 of the above peptide must therefore carry the phosphoryl group. PMID- 3922408 TI - Lysozyme: a major secretory product of a human colon carcinoma cell line. AB - One of the major proteins secreted by an established human colon adenocarcinoma cell line has been isolated in 25% yield from the serum-free medium in which the cells were grown and identified as lysozyme. Its purification was achieved by sequential steps of acidification, cation-exchange chromatography, and reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography. It was recognized to be a human lysozyme on the basis of its molecular weight (14 000), isoelectric point (10.5), amino acid composition, and enzymatic activity. Its identity with previously characterized human lysozymes was established by amino-terminal sequence, peptide composition, immunological properties, NMR, and crystallography. A 4-day, 7-L collection of conditioned medium contained 20.3 mg of secreted protein of which 4.9 mg or approximately 24% of the total was tumor-derived lysozyme. The intracellular level of lysozyme was approximately 18 ng per 10(6) carcinoma cells. The possible significance of these findings in regard to the malignant process and tumor maintenance is discussed. PMID- 3922409 TI - Methanofuran (carbon dioxide reduction factor), a formyl carrier in methane production from carbon dioxide in Methanobacterium. AB - Methanofuran (carbon dioxide reduction factor) became labeled when incubated in cell extracts of Methanobacterium under hydrogen and 14CO2 in the absence of methanopterin. Proton NMR spectroscopy revealed that a formyl group was bound to the primary amine of methanofuran. [14C]Formylmethanofuran was enzymically converted to 14CH4 in the presence of CH3-S-CoM [2-(methylthio)ethanesulfonic acid], hydrogen, and methanopterin, establishing the formyl moiety as an intermediate in methanogenesis. In the absence of methanopterin, a substantial portion of the formyl label was oxidized to 14CO2 rather than reduced to 14CH4, consistent with a model in which the C1 intermediate is first bound to methanofuran and then to methanopterin, during its reduction. When CH3-S-CoM was replaced by HS-CoM (2-mercaptoethanesulfonic acid), most of the formyl label was oxidized to 14CO2, indicating that methyl group reduction by the CH3-S-CoM methylreductase is required for the conversion of formylmethanofuran to methane. PMID- 3922410 TI - Isolation and characterization of a new endo-beta-galactosidase from Diplococcus pneumoniae. AB - An endo-beta-galactosidase, which hydrolyzes the internal beta-galactosidic linkages of R----GlcNAc (or GalNAc) beta 1----3Gal beta 1----4GlcNAc (or Glc), was isolated from the culture supernatant of Diplococcus pneumoniae. The enzyme, named endo-beta-galactosidase DII, hydrolyzed linear N-acetyllactosamine repeating structures in glycolipids and glycopeptides to release oligosaccharides. The specificity of endo-beta-galactosidase DII is the same as that of Escherichia freundii endo-beta-galactosidase as far as described above, but the following differences between these two enzymes were found: Branched lactosaminyl glycolipids and H-antigenic glycolipids were resistant to endo-beta galactosidase DII, even when linear structure was present at the inner part. Throughout the enzymic hydrolysis, endo-beta-galactosidase DII released mostly small oligosaccharides (tetra-, tri-, and disaccharides) from substrates, suggesting that the enzyme split off the oligosaccharides stepwise from the nonreducing terminal. Lactosaminoglycans were partially hydrolyzed by endo-beta galactosidase DII to produce small oligosaccharides as the major product and residual glycopeptides. The residual glycopeptides were readily hydrolyzed by E. freundii endo-beta-galactosidase to produce various sizes of oligosaccharides. Keratan sulfate was not degraded by endo-beta-galactosidase DII. These properties of endo-beta-galactosidase DII characterize it as a new endo-beta-galactosidase with a unique specificity. PMID- 3922411 TI - Bacteriophage T7 E promoter: identification and measurement of kinetics of association with Escherichia coli RNA polymerase. AB - The initiation point for transcription from the Escherichia coli RNA polymerase E promoter on bacteriophage T7 has been determined to be at 36 835 base pairs (92.22 T7 units) from the left end of T7. The location was determined by RNA fingerprinting of a runoff transcription product. Kinetics of association for the E and the T7 A3 promoters were measured by using the abortive initiation assay for approach to steady-state turnover. The kinetic association constant, ka (=KBk2), for E was found to be over 10-fold slower than ka for A3. For the E promoter, ka = 1.2 X 10(6) M-1 s-1. For A3, we report ka greater than or equal to 4 X 10(7) M-1 s-1. This difference is due mostly to a 10-fold difference in the initial equilibrium constant, KB, for formation of the initial polymerase promoter complex. The rate of isomerization, k2, of the initial complex to the open polymerase-promoter complex for the E promoter was only 2-fold slower than k2 for the A3 promoter. Various numerical methods for calculation of the kinetic parameters are discussed and compared. We argue that a nonlinear analysis provides the most reliable means of data analysis. PMID- 3922412 TI - Acid lability of the hydrocarbon-deoxyribonucleoside linkages in 7,12 dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-modified deoxyribonucleic acid. AB - DNA containing bound radioactive 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene was isolated from mouse fetal cell cultures exposed to this carcinogen. The carcinogen deoxyriboside adducts within the DNA were found to be sensitive to acid-catalyzed hydrolysis. Adducts derived from reaction of a syn-dihydrodiol epoxide with deoxyadenosine residues in DNA were the most sensitive to acid and were hydrolyzed to yield a 1,2,3,4-tetrahydrotetraol of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene under mild conditions. The structure of this tetraol was established by synthesis and mass spectrometry. Although definitive structures cannot be assigned at present to the nucleic acid adducts of this potent carcinogen, the present findings confirm and extend earlier work assigning partial structures to the major adducts. PMID- 3922413 TI - Purification and properties of the heat-released nucleotide-modifying group from the inactive iron protein of nitrogenase from Rhodospirillum rubrum. AB - Nitrogenase in Rhodospirillum rubrum is regulated in vivo by the covalent modification of the Fe protein. This paper reports the isolation, purification, and properties of the modifying group that has been heat released from the Fe protein. The molecule is isolated from the heated mixture by binding to a boronate affinity column. Purification is achieved on an ion-exchange high performance liquid chromatography column. Structural properties of the molecule have been investigated by using proton and phosphorus NMR, mass spectrometry, enzyme susceptibility, and chromatographic methods. The heat-released modifying group exhibits an unusual signal in the proton NMR spectrum at 1.26 ppm. The molecule also contains a functional group which can be reduced by borohydride. This group is lost on breakdown of the molecule or upon treatment of the molecule with 5'-nucleotidase. The identity of the base and the pentose of modifying group as adenine and ribose, respectively, is confirmed. Ratios of the known components of the modifying group are established. PMID- 3922414 TI - Uptake of spermine by rat liver mitochondria and its influence on the transport of phosphate. AB - Spermine, a polyamine present in the mammalian cells at rather high concentration, has, among other actions, a remarkable stabilizing effect on mitochondria, functions which have generally been attributed to the capability of this and other polyamines to bind to membrane anionic sites. In the present paper evidence is provided that at physiological concentrations spermine may also be transported into rat liver mitochondrial matrix space, provided that mitochondria are energized and inorganic phosphate is simultaneously transported. The close dependence of spermine transport is also demonstrated by the concurrent efflux of spermine and inorganic phosphate when mitochondria preloaded with the two ionic species are deenergized either with uncouplers or respiratory chain inhibitors. Furthermore, Mersalyl, the known inhibitor of phosphate transport, prevents both spermine uptake and release. Mg2+ inhibits the transport of spermine conceivably by competing for the some binding sites on the mitochondrial membrane. The physiological significance of these results is discussed. PMID- 3922415 TI - A sensitive method to introduce membrane-bound proteins into recipient cells based on affinity enrichment of lipid vesicles to the recipient cell prior to fusion. AB - A sensitive analytical procedure for studying membrane-bound structures has been developed. Membrane glycoproteins inserted into liposomes were transferred to recipient cells by use of a lectin, concanavalin A, bound to the cells as a bridge to generate proximity between the recipient cell and the glycoprotein containing liposome, prior to exposure to the fusing agent, poly(ethylene glycol). Partially purified histocompatibility antigen from rats was introduced into the membrane of human lymphocytes. After treating the cells with poly(ethylene glycol) under fusion conditions, some of the antigen present in the preparation could not be eluted with alpha-methyl mannoside and EDTA, indicating that incorporation in the cell membrane had taken place. This antigen remained exposed on the lymphocyte surface for approximately 1 h as demonstrated by sensitivity of the lymphocytes to the lytic effect of an antiserum to the histocompatibility antigen in the presence of complement. Some of the lectin molecules seemed to be internalized in the cells but no induction of cell mitosis was observed. The described method gives an opportunity to work with small amounts of membrane proteins inserted into liposomes, introducing them into recipient cells for analysis of their biological activities. PMID- 3922416 TI - The effects of ionophore A23187 and concanavalin A on the membrane potential of human peripheral blood lymphocytes and rat thymocytes. AB - Effects of the Ca2+-ionophore A23187 and concanavalin A on the membrane potential of human lymphocytes and rat thymocytes have been studied using the fluorescent potential probe diS-C3-(5). At concentrations of 10(-8) to 10(-6) M A23187 changes the membrane potential, inducing both hyper- and depolarization. Depending on concentrations of A23187 and the external Ca2+, and on the type of lymphocytes, one of these effects predominates. The hyperpolarization induced by A23187 is caused by activation of Ca2+-dependent K+ channels. It is blocked by quinine and high concentrations of extracellular K+. The dependence of Ca2+ activated K+ transport on extracellular Ca2+ and its sensitivity to calmodulin antagonists is different for human lymphocytes and for thymocytes. As distinct from lymphocytes, in thymocytes calmodulin is not involved in activation of Ca2+ dependent K+ transport. The depolarization induced in lymphocytes by A23187 is caused by an increase in Na+ permeability of the lymphocyte plasma membrane: it is eliminated in a low-Na+ medium. At mitogenic concentrations concanavalin A does not change the membrane potential of the lymphocytes. The results obtained permit elucidation of the relationship between two early events in lymphocyte activation, namely the increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration and the increase in lymphocyte plasma membrane permeabilities to monovalent cations. PMID- 3922417 TI - Conversion of the amphiphilic galactosyltransferase from human mammary carcinoma cells to an active hydrophilic enzyme form by limited proteolysis. AB - As analyzed by a phase-separation technique, the Triton X-114 extract of human mammary carcinoma cells (MCF-7 cells) contain an amphiphilic form of galactosyltransferase (UDPgalactose: D-glucose 4-beta-D-galactosyltransferase, EC 2.4.1.22), while the galactosyltransferase activity released by these cells represents a hydrophilic form of the enzyme. When the amphiphilic galactosyltransferase was subjected to limited proteolysis with thermolysin, this treatment generated a hydrophilic form of the enzyme. With respect to Km for UDPgalactose the kinetic data were very similar for the amphiphilic, for the released and the hydrophilic galactosyltransferases produced by proteinase treatment. Differences were detected in electrophoretic and gel chromatographic properties. The hydrophilic enzymes showed a greater electrophoretic mobility on non-denaturing polyacrylamide gels than did the amphiphilic form. On Sepharose 6B column chromatography, the amphiphilic galactosyltransferase appeared to be of higher molecular weight than the hydrophilic enzyme. PMID- 3922418 TI - A type-1 casein kinase from yeast phosphorylates both serine and threonine residues of casein. Identification of the phosphorylation sites. AB - A protein kinase (casein kinase 1A) active on casein and phosvitin but not on histones has been purified to near homogeneity from yeast cytosol and meets most criteria for being considered a type-1 casein kinase: it is a monomeric enzyme exhibiting an Mr of about 27 kDa by sucrose gradient centrifugation: it is not affected by inhibitors of type-2 casein kinases, such as heparin and polyglutamate, and shows negligible affinity for GTP. It also readily phosphorylates the residue Ser-22 of beta-casein located within the sequence Ser(P)-Ser(P)-Ser(P)-Glu-Glu-Ser22-Ile-Thr-Arg- which is typically affected by casein kinases of the first class. On the other hand, casein kinase 1A displays the unusual property of phosphorylating threonine residue(s) in both whole casein and alpha s1-casein. The threonine residue phosphorylated in alpha s1-casein and accounting for most of the 32P incorporated into this protein by casein kinase 1A has been identified as Thr-49, which occurs in the sequence -Ser(P)-Glu-Ser(P) Thr(P*)49-Glu-Asp-Gln-, whose two Ser(P) residues are already phosphorylated in the native protein. It is concluded that some type-1 casein kinases can also phosphorylate threonine residues provided they fulfil definite structural requirements, probably an acidic cluster near their N-terminal side. PMID- 3922419 TI - Isolation and lipid-binding properties of rat apolipoprotein A-IV. AB - Apolipoprotein A-IV was isolated from the d less than 1.21 g/ml fraction of rat serum by gel filtration followed by heparin-Sepharose affinity chromatography; this method also facilitated the preparation of apolipoprotein A-I and apolipoprotein E. The apolipoprotein A-IV preparation was characterized by SDS gel electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing, amino acid analysis and immunodiffusion. The lipid-binding properties of this protein were studied. Apolipoprotein A-IV associated with dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) to form recombinants which contained two molecules of apolipoprotein A-IV and had a lipid/protein molar ratio of 110. The density of the DMPC/apolipoprotein A-IV particles was determined to be 1.08 g/ml and the particles were visualized by electron microscopy as discs which were 5.8 nm thick and 18.0 nm in diameter. The stability of the DMPC/apolipoprotein A-IV recombinants, as determined by resistance to denaturation, was comparable to the stability of DMPC/apolipoprotein A-I complexes. However, by competition studies it was found that apolipoprotein A-I competed for the binding to DMPC more effectively than did apolipoprotein A-IV. It is concluded that, while rat apolipoprotein A-IV resembles other apolipoproteins in its lipid-binding characteristics, it may be displaced from lipid complexes by apolipoprotein A-I. PMID- 3922420 TI - Inhibition of the formation of 5-hydroxy-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid from arachidonic acid in polymorphonuclear leukocytes by various coumarins. AB - The effects of various coumarins (i.e. esculetin, daphnetin and fraxetin) on the formation of the 5-lipoxygenase product, 5-HETE, and the cyclooxygenase product, HHT, were studied. Esculetin (6,7-dihydroxycoumarin) was found to inhibit the formation of 5-HETE more strongly than HHT; its concentrations for 50% inhibition (IC50) were 1.46 +/- 1.02 microM for the formation 5-HETE and 57.3 +/- 17.3 microM for the formation of HHT. Daphnetin (7,8-dihydroxycoumarin) and fraxetin (6-methoxy-7,8-dihydroxycoumarin) also inhibited the formation of the 5 lipoxygenase product, 5-HETE, and the cyclooxygenase product, HHT; their IC50 values were, respectively, 6.90 +/- 2.07 microM and 2.57 +/- 0.088 microM for the formation of 5-HETE and 139.0 +/- 30.0 microM and 532.5 +/- 33.0 microM for the formation of HHT. The monohydroxy coumarin derivatives umbelliferone (7 hydroxycoumarin) and scopoletin (6-methoxy-7-hydroxycoumarin) and the coumarin glucosides fraxin (6-methoxy-7,8-dihydroxycoumarin 8-O-D-glucoside) and esculin (6,7-dihydroxycoumarin 6-O-D-glucoside) also inhibited the formation of 5-HETE, though less strongly. 4-Hydroxycoumarin and coumarin had no effect on either 5 lipoxygenase or cyclooxygenase at concentrations of up to 1 mM. Esculetin inhibited the formation of 5-HETE noncompetitively. In contrast, the dimethoxycoumarin fraxidin (6,8-dimethoxy-7-hydroxycoumarin) inhibited the formation of HHT more strongly than the formation of 5-HETE at a concentration of 1 mM. PMID- 3922421 TI - Plasma apolipoprotein secretion by human monocyte-derived macrophages. AB - Apolipoprotein E has been demonstrated to be a major secretory protein of human monocyte macrophages. The synthesis of the other plasma apolipoproteins by these cells has not been documented. Human monocyte macrophages cultured for 17-76 days were preincubated for 24 h in RPMI 1640/0.2% bovine serum albumin with or without malondialdehyde-LDL (100 micrograms/ml), followed by an additional 24 h incubation in RPMI 1640/0.2% bovine serum albumin. The media from the two incubation periods were analyzed for apolipoproteins A-I, B, C-II, C-III and E by specific radioimmunoassays. No apolipoprotein B mass was detected with a specific radioimmunoassay capable of detecting 10 ng apolipoprotein B. No apolipoproteins A-I, C-II or C-III mass was detected, even though the radioimmunoassays for these apolipoproteins were as sensitive as that for apolipoprotein E (detection limit of 0.2 ng). In contrast, significant levels of macrophage-secreted apolipoprotein E were quantified. Baseline apolipoprotein E production ranged from 0.64 to 2.82 micrograms/mg cell protein per 24 h. Preincubation in the presence of malondialdehyde-LDL (100 micrograms/ml) stimulated a 1.6-3.0-fold increase in apolipoprotein E secretion. The identification of the immunoreactive material as apolipoprotein E was confirmed by labelling the cells with [35S]methionine, followed by fractionation of the 35S-labelled secretory products by anti apolipoprotein E affinity chromatography and SDS-gel electrophoresis. We thus report the absence of synthesis of apolipoproteins A-I, B, C-II and C-III by cultured human monocyte macrophages. These cells, however, can synthesize microgram levels of apolipoprotein E on a per mg protein basis. PMID- 3922422 TI - Prostanoid synthesis in peripheral nerve. AB - The transformation of [1-14C]arachidonic acid into radiolabeled prostanoids was studied with homogenates and desheathed sciatic nerves of rats and frogs. All of the preparations studied were shown to synthesize prostaglandins; the specific prostanoids made were characterized by their migration on thin-layer chromatograms in three separate solvent systems. Both desheathed rat nerve and homogenates synthesize prostaglandin E2, prostaglandin F2 alpha, prostaglandin D2, 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha and thromboxane B2. With preparations from frog nerve, prostaglandin E2 was the major prostanoid product formed. Several conditions were able to modulate the production of prostaglandin E2 with desheathed frog nerve. Electrical stimulation at high frequency (100 Hz) for 30 min increased the formation of labeled prostaglandin E2. Inclusion of glutathione also affected prostaglandin E2 formation. A lower concentration (0.1 mM) stimulated prostaglandin synthesis, while 1 mM glutathione was partially inhibitory. In both the rat and frog system, prostanoid synthesis was suppressed by indomethacin and aspirin. PMID- 3922423 TI - Effects of stilbenes on arachidonate metabolism in leukocytes. AB - The effects of various stilbenes (i.e, 3,4',5-trihydroxystilbene, 3,4',5 trihydroxystilbene 3-O-D-glucoside and 2,3,4',5-tetrahydroxystilbene 2-O-D glucoside) isolated from the roots of Polygonum species on rat peritoneal polymorphonuclear leukocyte lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase activities were studied. Resveratrol (3,4',5-trihydroxystilbene) was found to inhibit the 5 lipoxygenase product, 5-HETE, and cyclooxygenase products, HHT and thromboxane B2; its concentrations for 50% inhibition (IC50) were 2.72 +/- 0.262 microM for the leukocyte lipoxygenase product, 5-HETE, 0.683 +/- 0.163 microM for the formations of HHT and 0.810 +/- 0.274 microM for the formation of thromboxane B2. Piceid (3,4',5-trihydroxystilbene 3-O-D-glucoside) and 2,3,4',5 tetrahydroxystilbene 2-O-D-glucoside also inhibited the formation of 5-HETE, HHT and thromboxane B2, although less strongly. Their IC50 values were, respectively, 55.3 +/- 15.3 microM and greater than 1000 microM for the formation of 5-HETE, 196.7 +/- 48.0 microM and 300.0 +/- 10.4 microM for the formation of HHT and 251.7 +/- 24.9 microM and 366.7 +/- 37.1 microM for the formation of thromboxane B2. PMID- 3922424 TI - Essential function of linoleic acid esterified in acylglucosylceramide and acylceramide in maintaining the epidermal water permeability barrier. Evidence from feeding studies with oleate, linoleate, arachidonate, columbinate and alpha linolenate. AB - Essential fatty acid-deficient rats were supplemented with 300 mg per day of pure fatty acid esters: oleate (O), linoleate (L), arachidonate (A), and columbinate (C) for 10 days. During this period, the rats in groups L, A, and C all showed a decrease in their initially high trans-epidermal water loss, a classical essential fatty acid-deficiency symptom, to a level seen in non-deficient rats (group N). The trans-epidermal water loss in rats of group O was unaffected by the supplementation. Fatty acid composition of two epidermal sphingolipids, acylglucosylceramide and acylceramide, from the skin were determined. The results indicate that re-establishment of a low trans-epidermal water loss was associated with incorporation of linolenate into the two epidermal sphingolipids. Supplementation with columbinate resulted in relatively high amounts of this fatty acid in the investigated epidermal sphingolipids. Analysis of pooled skin specimens from a previous study in which weanling rats were fed a fat-free diet and supplemented orally with pure alpha-linolenate for 13 weeks (Hansen, H.S. and Jensen, B. (1983) Lipids 18, 682-690) revealed very little polyunsaturated fatty acid in the two sphingolipids. These rats showed increased evaporation which was comparable to that of essential fatty acid-deficient rats. We interpret these results as strong evidence for a very specific and essential function of linoleic acid in maintaining the integrity of the epidermal water permeability barrier. This function of linoleate is independent of its role as precursor for arachidonate and icosanoids. PMID- 3922425 TI - Metabolism of linoleic acid and other essential fatty acids in the epidermis of the rat. AB - Essential fatty acids are absolutely necessary for maintaining the proper condition of the water barrier (stratum compactum) in the skin. Even direct topical application of linoleic acid or any other Z,Z-(n-6, n-9)-fatty acid to the skin restores the barrier in essential fatty acid-deficient animals. In order to investigate the mechanism by which these polyunsaturated fatty acids exert their activity, radioactively labelled fatty acids were applied to the skin of the live animal and the epidermal lipids were analysed after 1-4 days. Much radioactivity was incorporated into two peculiar lipids, viz. acyl ceramide and acyl acid, which are characteristic of the barrier, in which linoleate was esterified to the end-position of very-long-chain (C30-34) unsaturated omega hydroxy fatty acids. Strong evidence was obtained which showed that these lipids carry linoleate into the barrier layer where it is converted, probably by lipoxygenase(s), into a series of peroxidated lipids. The lipoxygenase inhibitor, eicosatetraynoic acid, prevents both oxygenation of the polyunsaturated fatty acid and the formation of a healthy skin. This peroxidation may supply the mediators which induce the proper differentiation of the epidermal cells into an effective stratum compactum and a horny layer. PMID- 3922426 TI - Inhibitors of protein synthesis, puromycin and emetine, inhibit prostaglandin E2 release by skeletal muscle. AB - Addition of 1 microM puromycin or 1 microM emetine to rat soleus muscle in vitro decreases muscle prostaglandin E2 release by 51-77%. This inhibition appears to be caused by decreased availability of endogenous arachidonic acid for prostaglandin E2 synthesis, because neither puromycin nor emetine inhibits muscle prostaglandin E2 production from arachidonic acid added into the incubation medium. PMID- 3922427 TI - Prostaglandin E2 and muscle protein turnover in Pseudomonas aeruginosa sepsis. AB - Rats were injected intraperitoneally with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (septic group) or sterile 0.9% NaCl (controls). Soleus muscles were excised 7 h later, and muscle prostaglandin E2 release and tyrosine release were measured in vitro. Muscles of septic rats exhibited 226-326% higher release of prostaglandin E2 and 54-84% higher net proteolysis than muscles of controls. Inclusion of aspirin or indomethacin in the incubation medium almost completely inhibited prostaglandin E2 production, but had no effect on net proteolysis in muscles from either group. Inclusion of cycloheximide, a protein synthesis inhibitor, increased tyrosine release of control muscles by 42%, whereas no statistically significant increase was observed in muscles from infected rats. However, total proteolytic rate, indexed by tyrosine release in the presence of cycloheximide, was 22% higher in muscles of septic rats compared to that of control animals. Concomitantly, inclusion of cycloheximide inhibited prostaglandin E2 release by muscles of infected rats by 91% and that of controls by 65%. It is concluded that muscles of septic animals exhibit a pronounced stimulation of prostaglandin E2 release and net proteolysis, combined with a small increase in total proteolytic rate, the stimulation of net proteolysis is mainly due to inhibition of protein synthesis, the increases in net and total proteolysis appear to be independent of prostaglandin E2 production, cycloheximide has a previously unrecognized inhibitory effect on muscle prostaglandin E2 production. PMID- 3922428 TI - The nature of maturational decline of intestinal lactase activity. AB - We have examined the nature of the decline of lactase (EC 3.2.1.23) activity in the maturing rat intestine. It was established in an initial study that the activity decline reflected a proportional reduction in the concentration of the enzyme protein. Accumulation patterns of label into lactase, total intestinal proteins and sucrase (EC 3.2.1.48)-isomaltase (EC 3.2.1.10) were compared, 4 h following administration of a tracer dose of [3H]leucine to weanling rats exhibiting a wide range of lactase decline. Accumulation of increasing amounts of label in total intestinal proteins and sucrase-isomaltase pools was found to accompany the lactase decline, in contrast to accumulation of a constant amount of label in the declining lactase pools. The pattern of increased label accumulation in total intestinal proteins was shown in a corollary study to reflect a corresponding acceleration of total protein synthesis. On this basis, the finding of a constant amount of label in the declining lactase pools suggested a constant synthesis of lactase. We proposed earlier that associated reductions in enterocyte life-span (leading to correspondingly less lactase accumulation) rather than suppressed synthesis may provide the primary causal basis of lactase decline in the postweaned mammal. PMID- 3922429 TI - A [3H]lysine-containing synthetic peptide substrate for human protocollagen lysyl hydroxylase. AB - A tridecapeptide containing tritium-labelled lysine and corresponding closely to residues 98 to 110 of the alpha chain of type I collagen was synthesized by the solid-phase method. Gly-Leu-Hyp-Gly-Nle-[4,5-3H]Lys-Gly-His-Arg-Gly-Phe-Ser-Gly was used as a substrate of human protocollagen lysyl hydroxylase (peptidyllysine, 2-oxoglutarate: oxygen 5-oxidoreductase, EC 1.14.11.4) obtained from dermal fibroblasts. L-[4,5-3H]Lysine was converted to N alpha-t-butyloxycarbonyl-N epsilon-o-chlorobenzyloxycarbonyl [3H]lysine which was incorporated during stepwise synthesis of the peptide. The chemical and radiochemical purities and specific activity of the completed peptide were characterized. A non radiolabelled analogue of the peptide inhibited the hydroxylation of [3H]lysine containing protocollagen by human lysyl hydroxylase, indicating that the synthetic peptide interacted with the enzyme. The peptide containing [3H]lysine was a substrate for lysyl hydroxylase and permitted direct measurement of enzyme activity in relatively crude cell extracts by a tritium-release assay. Extracts of cultured fibroblasts from a patient with an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance for Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type VI had activities for tritium release from either the radiolabelled synthetic peptide or from [3H]lysine-containing protocollagen that were only 30% of those from control cells. These data indicate that a stable, well-defined synthetic peptide containing [3H]lysine is a useful substrate for studies of genetically variant lysyl hydroxylase from cultured human cells. PMID- 3922430 TI - Synthesis of the major oligosaccharide components of murine haemangioendothelioma cells. AB - Murine haemangioendothelioma cells in culture synthesize lactosaminoglycan-type glycoproteins which are found both associated with cells and secreted into the culture medium. Pronase-derived glycopeptides, prepared from the [3H]glucosamine labeled glycoproteins that were secreted into the culture medium were found to contain about 10% of the labeled products as large size (Mr greater than 5000) 3H labeled glycopeptides. In contrast, 40% of the cellular 3H-glycopeptides were found to be of this large size class of glycopeptides. These large size glycopeptides did not bind to Con A-Sepharose but did bind to Datura stramonium agarose, from which they were eluted with chitobiose. The glycopeptides which did not bind to Datura-lectin were sulfated complex-type oligosaccharides which were not degraded by endo-beta-galactosidase. The glycopeptides which bound to Datura lectin were degraded by endo-beta-galactosidase (or keratanase) to yield Gal--- GlcNAc----Gal and glycopeptides, which were resistant to further endo-beta galactosidase digestion and which no longer bound to Datura lectin-agarose. A major [3H]glucosamine-labelled glycoprotein (Mr approx. 75000) was found to be susceptible to endo-beta-galactosidase degradation and is probably the major cellular constituent having lactosaminoglycan-type side chains in these cells. An in vitro assay to measure leucocyte-haemangioendothelioma interactions indicated that treatment of haemangioendothelioma cells with endo-beta-galactosidase reduced leucocyte binding to these cells by 80%. PMID- 3922431 TI - The removal of carbohydrates from ricin with endoglycosidases H, F and D and alpha-mannosidase. AB - Recently, several investigators have explored the possibility of targeting ricin to designated cell types in animals by its linkage to specific antibodies. There is evidence, however, that the mannose-containing oligosaccharide chains on ricin are recognised by reticuloendothelial cells in the liver and spleen and so cause the immunotoxins to be removed rapidly from the blood stream. In the present study we analysed the carbohydrate composition of ricin and examined enzymic methods for removing the carbohydrate. The carbohydrate analysis ricin A-chain revealed the presence of one residue of xylose and one of fucose in addition to mannose and N-acetylglucosamine which had been detected previously. The B-chain contained only mannose and N-acetylglycosamine. Ricin A-chain is heterogeneous containing two components of molecular weight 30 000 and 32 000. Strong evidence was found that the heavier form of the A-chain contains an extra carbohydrate unit which is heterogeneous with respect to concanavalin A binding and sensitivity to endoglycosidase H. The lower molecular weight form of A-chain did not bind concanavalin A and was insusceptible to endoglycosidases. Only one of the two high mannose oligosaccharide units on the isolated B-chain could be removed by endoglycosidases H or F, whereas both were removable after denaturation of the polypeptide by SDS. Both the isolated A- and B-chains were sensitive to alpha-mannosidase. Intact ricin was resistant to endoglycosidase treatment and was only slightly sensitive to alpha-mannosidase. The addition of SDS allowed endoglycosidase H to remove both of the B-chain oligosaccharides from intact ricin and increased the toxin's sensitivity to alpha-mannosidase. In conclusion, extensive enzymic deglycosylation of ricin may only be possible if the A- and B-chains are first separated, treated with enzymes and then recombined to form the toxin. PMID- 3922432 TI - Changes in the chondroitin sulfate-rich region of articular cartilage proteoglycans in experimental osteoarthritis. AB - The chondroitin sulfate-rich region was cleaved from cartilage proteoglycans of experimental osteoarthritic canine joints to establish whether changes in this region of the molecule contribute to the well-documented increase in the chondroitin sulfate to keratan sulfate ratio in osteoarthritis. Experimental osteoarthritis was induced in eight dogs by severance of the right anterior cruciate ligament, the left joint serving as a control. Proteoglycans were extracted from the femoral cartilage of both joints, isolated as A1 fractions by associative density gradient centrifugation and cleaved with hydroxylamine. The chondroitin sulfate-rich region was isolated by either gel chromatography or dissociative density gradient centrifugation. The chondroitin sulfate-rich region from the proteoglycans of the experimental osteoarthritic joints was slightly larger in hydrodynamic size and had both a higher uronate/protein weight ratio and galactosamine/glucosamine molar ratio than the corresponding control. We conclude that the chondroitin sulfate-rich region of proteoglycans in articular cartilage of experimental osteoarthritic joints is larger and has more chondroitin sulfate than that of proteoglycans of normal cartilage. PMID- 3922433 TI - The amino acid sequence of thiogalactoside transacetylase of Escherichia coli. AB - The amino acid sequence of thiogalactoside transacetylase, a dimer, has been determined. The monomer contains 202 amino acid residues in a single polypeptide chain and has a molecular weight of 22,671. The analysis was carried out by treatment of the carboxymethylated protein with cyanogen bromide and with trypsin. All seven cyanogen bromide peptides were isolated in pure form and were ordered by peptides isolated from tryptic digests. The sequence analysis was aided by determination of the DNA sequence of the lacA gene. The amino terminus of the protein is heterogenous because the initiator methionine is only partially cleaved. Another rather unusual feature of this cytoplasmic protein is a very hydrophobic segment in the center portion of the chain. Comparison of the amino acid sequence of thiogalactoside transacetylase to those of the lac repressor, beta-galactosidase, and lactose permease did not reveal any marked similarities. Therefore, there is no obvious evolutionary relatedness among proteins of the Lactose Operon. PMID- 3922434 TI - Chromatic adaptation in a mutant of Fremyella diplosiphon incapable of phycoerythrin synthesis. AB - A mutant of the chromatically adapting cyanobacterium Fremyella diplosiphon, incapable of phycoerythrin synthesis but responding to wavelength modulation of its biliprotein content, was isolated. The biliprotein composition of the mutant and of the wild type were identical after growth in red light, but green light induced, in the mutant, the synthesis of a biliviolin-type chromophore bound to some of the alpha subunits of its phycocyanin. Implications of the results on the regulation and possible pathways of biliprotein biosynthesis are discussed. PMID- 3922435 TI - Does a monospecific hybridoma always secrete homogeneous immunoglobulins? AB - The fusion of splenocytes (from mice immunized with the beta 2 subunit of E. coli tryptophan synthase) with myeloma cells which do not produce immunoglobulins gave rise to a clone secreting immunoglobulins with two distinct isotypes : gamma 1 and gamma 2b (Djavadi-Ohaniance et al. (1984) Biochemistry, 23, 97-104). Analysis of the immunoglobulins secreted by this clone indicates that these two isotypes are carried by two distinct heavy chains which are able to randomly associate to form hybrid molecules. In addition, two classes of light chains are able to randomly and to form heterologous associations with both the gamma 1 and gamma 2b heavy chains. Only the association between the gamma 2b heavy chains with one of the two classes of light chains leads to a combining site specific for the binding of the antigen beta 2. PMID- 3922436 TI - [Destabilase: an enzyme of medicinal leech salivary gland secretion hydrolyzes the isopeptide bonds in stabilized fibrin]. AB - The salivary gland secretion of the leech Hirudo medicinalis contains an enzyme termed by us as destabilase, which hydrolyzes the epsilon-(gamma-glutamyl)-lysine bonds as a result of fibrin stabilization by factor XIIIa in the presence of Ca2+. This hydrolysis, apart from the original lysine and glutamine, is characterized by an appearance of lysine and glutamic acid residues. The accumulation of glutamic acid residues leads to spontaneous depolymerization of the destabilized fibrin. As a result, fluid "spots" of destabilized fibrin depolymerization (DFD) begin to appear at the sites of leech secretion application on the surface of stabilized fibrin plates. The DFD activity of the leech salivary gland secretion manifests itself only in case of stabilized fibrin and increases with an increase in the stabilization degree. Treatment of leech secretion with diisopropylfluorophosphate does not affect the enzyme activity, which is completely blocked by monoiodoacetate. The mechanism of action of leech salivary gland secretion and the enzyme isolated from it, i. e., destabilase, was studied, using a synthetic chromogenic substrate - p-nitroanilide-gamma-glutamic acid. The amidolytic activity of leech salivary gland secretion is 2.2 +/- 0.18 nkat/ml, Km(app) for destabilase is 0.6 X 10(-5) M, V = 5.4 X 10(-3) mol/min. PMID- 3922437 TI - [Comparison of eukaryotic and prokaryotic elongation factors: isoelectric points and molecular masses]. AB - Using the O'Farrell method, a two-dimensional analysis of RNA-binding proteins from rabbit reticulocytes was carried out. The latter have been shown to consist of several scores of polypeptides, predominantly of a moderately basic type with isoelectric points ranging from 7 to 9.5. The two main components of RNA-binding proteins have been identified as eukaryotic elongation factors EF-1L and EF-2. The RNA-binding elongation factors in eukaryotes have higher isoelectric points and somewhat higher molecular masses as compared to their functional analogs from prokaryotes EF-Tu and EF-G having no affinity for RNA. These results are compatible with the assumption that a nonspecific RNA-binding ability of elongation factors in eukaryotes could have arisen in the course of evolution due to the appearance of an additional RNA-binding "domain" of an alkaline type. PMID- 3922438 TI - [Comparison of cytoplasmic informosome proteins with RNA-binding proteins and translation initiation factors from rabbit reticulocytes. ]. AB - Using one-and two-dimensional electrophoresis, the free and polyribosomal informosome proteins and a preparation of total RNA-binding proteins from rabbit reticulocytes were compared. It was shown that the major proteins of free and polyribosomal informosomes are similar only to the minor components of RNA binding proteins. On the other hand, the major RNA-binding proteins, two of which are elongation translation factors EF-1L and EF2, can be present in informosome preparations only as minor components. The major proteins of polyribosomal informosomes do not coincide in terms of electrophoretic mobility with initiation factors eIF-2, eIF-2A, eIF-3, eIF-4A and eIF-4B. The major proteins of free informosomes differ in their electrophoretic mobility from initiation factors eIF 2A, eIF-4A and eIF-4B as well as from the alpha- and beta-subunits of initiation factor eIF-2. PMID- 3922439 TI - Arachidonic acid-induced aggregation of platelets from human cord blood compared with platelets from adults. AB - Using a double-sample technique, platelet aggregation induced by arachidonic acid (AA) was studied in cord blood samples from 29 newborns and 20 adults, all healthy and drug-free. Of the platelets from adults (10 males, 10 females), all aggregated after 1.0 mM AA. After 0.5 mM AA, all platelets aggregated except those from 4 males which did not respond at all. The great majority of cord blood samples aggregated similarly to samples from adults. Platelets from all 15 newborn females and 11 of 14 newborn males aggregated irreversibly after 1.0 mM AA, while those from 3 of the 14 male newborns showed a reversible aggregation. All 11 newborn samples aggregated irreversibly after 0.5 mM AA. These results prove that the cyclo-oxygenase pathway for platelet aggregation operates satisfactorily in newborn infants. The double-sample technique is of value for cord blood samples. Late cord blood samples showed more marked aggregation than samples taken earlier. PMID- 3922440 TI - Oxygen consumption and CO2 production of low-birth-weight infants in two sleep states. AB - The influence of sleep states on the metabolic rate and on the respiratory quotient (RQ) of low-birth-weight infants during continuous feeding was analyzed. Gestational age at birth varied between 29 and 35 weeks, postnatal age between 2 and 56 days and body weight between 0.81 and 2.11 kg. The mean oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production were 10% higher, while the rise in SD was about 3 fold during REM sleep compared with NREM sleep. The RQ, however, was equal in both states. The sequence of the two sleep states did not have any influence on the analyzed parameters. Averaged over all the measurements, no statistically significant linear trend in oxygen consumption as a function of time could be found. However, small non-zero trends could be found, the direction of which appeared to depend on the sequence of the states. PMID- 3922441 TI - Platelet monoamine oxidase inhibition by deprenyl and tranylcypromine: implications for clinical use. PMID- 3922442 TI - Influence of cyclooxygenase inhibitors and arachidonic acid on contractile activity of the human Fallopian tube. AB - Small muscle strips were dissected from the circular and longitudinal muscle layers of the human oviduct. The preparations showed rhythmic spontaneous activity when perfused by Krebs-Ringer buffer. Excitatory effects of the prostaglandin (PG) precursor arachidonic acid were totally blocked by the cyclooxygenase inhibitors 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic acid (ETYA) and indomethacin. The latter drugs also caused a reversible inhibition of spontaneous activity in both muscle layers. After total inhibition produced by ETYA, the initial activity was restored by adding low concentrations of prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) to the medium. PGE2 was able to reestablish the activity only in the longitudinal layer. It is concluded that isolated smooth muscle of the human oviduct has the capacity of generating PGs from both endogenous and exogenous substrate. The data also suggest that the formation of PGF2 alpha is a prerequisite for maintenance of normal tubal contractions. PMID- 3922443 TI - Changes in the isoelectric focusing profile of pituitary follicle-stimulating hormone in the developing male rat. AB - Pituitary glands, hypothalami, and trunk blood were obtained from male rats at 5, 15, 18, 21, and 29 days of age, on the day of balanopreputial separation (Days 42 45), and during adulthood. The forms of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) present within each pituitary were separated by polyacrylamide gel isoelectric focusing. Serum and pituitary gonadotropins, hypothalamic luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH), and the profile of FSH forms across the isoelectric focusing gel were determined by radioimmunoassay. No change in the relative proportions of FSH forms were observed between 5 and 21 days of age. Likewise, only slight changes in serum and pituitary gonadotropin levels and hypothalamic LHRH content were observed at these times. After 21 days of age, dramatic increases in serum and pituitary gonadotropin levels were observed. Similarly, a shift in FSH forms within the pituitary to more basic and bioactive forms was observed at this time. These results demonstrate that, during the transition through puberty in the male rat, not only the absolute amount, but also the isoelectric focusing profile, of FSH change. PMID- 3922444 TI - Shifts in gonadotropin and steroid levels that precede anestrus in female golden hamsters exposed to a short photoperiod. AB - Female golden hamsters exposed to short photoperiods become anestrous and exhibit daily surges of gonadotropins and progesterone. Since little is known about the transition between the cycling and anovulatory states, the following experiments were done to determine whether there are hormonal changes that precede cessation of estrous cyclicity. Females killed on the morning of estrus, up to the tenth estrous cycle in short days, showed no hormonal or ovarian morphologic evidence of changes in reproductive function. When assessed on the afternoon of estrus, however, serum levels of luteinizing hormone and progesterone increased significantly before vaginal and ovarian cyclicity ceased. Females sampled in both the morning and afternoon at increasing durations since their last vaginal estrus revealed that maximal daily surges of both gonadotropins and progesterone were not consistently manifested until the vaginal cycle had been absent for 2 weeks. By then, estrogen levels and uterine weights were low and ovaries showed hypertrophied interstitia and arrested follicular growth. We have demonstrated that there are hormonal changes in females before the loss of the vaginal cycle and onset of major daily hormonal surges. Our results suggest that alterations in feedback relationships between steroid hormones and gonadotropins may precede photoperiod-induced anestrus. PMID- 3922445 TI - Human antisperm monoclonal antibodies constructed postvasectomy. AB - Sperm and spermatogenic cell antigens, escaping the blood-testis/blood-epididymal barrier, elicit an autoimmune response in patients following vasectomy. In this study, antisperm antibody-positive sera and peripheral blood lymphocytes were obtained 6-9 mo following vasectomy. Serum antisperm antibody levels were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and indirect immunofluorescence. Lymphocyte-myeloma hybridomas were constructed by fusing peripheral blood lymphocytes, harvested from antisperm antibody-positive sera, with a hypoxanthine guanine-phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT)-negative mouse myeloma line. Immunoglobulin-secreting colonies surviving drug selection were detected by ELISA and screened for antisperm activity. Antisperm antibody producing cultures were cloned and expanded for bulk antibody production both in culture and as ascites in athymic nude mice. Eight mouse-human fusions yielded 205 hybridomas secreting human monoclonal antibody, of which 11 demonstrated antisperm reactivity by ELISA. Two of these hybridomas are described in detail: HAS-1, which secretes human immunoglobulin M (IgM, kappa)-recognizing epitopes located on the sperm midpiece, and HAS-2 (IgM, lambda), which secretes monoclonal antibody-recognizing epitopes located on the entire sperm tail. The results indicate successful capture of human antisperm autoantibody from the postvasectomy autoimmune state using somatic cell hybridization techniques. PMID- 3922446 TI - Evaluation of the human sperm proacrosin-acrosin system using gelatin-sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophesis. AB - Proteolytic enzymes in extracts of human sperm have been identified and partially characterized using a technique which incorporates gelatin into a sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (gelatin-SDS-PAGE) system. Initially, semen characteristics from four donors were evaluated. Following this, washed sperm were acid extracted and proacrosin and acrosin activities determined spectrophotometrically. Proteinase activity in unactivated sperm extracts was then extracts was then demonstrated using the gelatin-SDS-PAGE system. Three major (Mr approximately equal to 47,000-54,000) and four faint (Mr approximately equal to 34,000-38,000) bands of digestion were observed. Upon activation of sperm extracts it was observed that maximum esterase activity occurred within 7 min of activation while maximum proteinase activity required approximately 15 min. When gels were washed and incubated in the presence of 50 mM benzamidine, no digestion bands were observed. This indicates that all of the digestion bands were due to trypsin-like proteinases. Finally, upon serial dilution of sperm extracts it was found that this SDS-PAGE system is sensitive enough to detect proteinase activity from as few as 30,000 sperm. PMID- 3922447 TI - Chemical reception mechanisms at a low level of phylogeny. Influence of polypeptide hormones and non-hormone polypeptides on the growth of Tetrahymena. AB - The polypeptide hormones insulin, glucagon, thyrotropin (TSH), pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) and adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) stimulated the growth of the Tetrahymena, and the non-hormone polypeptides (bovine serum albumin (BSA), protamine) had a similar effect. Re-exposure after 24 h accounted for a greater growth stimulation than pre-exposure alone in cultures treated with TSH and PMSG, and re-exposure after 7 days had such effect in all polypeptide-treated cultures. It follows that the non-hormone polypeptides had a similar imprinting potential to the polypeptide hormone. The non-hormone polypeptides were also able to cross imprint for one another, i.e. pre-exposure to one enhanced the binding capacity of the cells for the other on re-exposure, and vice versa. A single treatment with a polypeptide hormone or a non-hormone polypeptide did in itself stimulate the growth of the Tetrahymena for as long as 1 week. PMID- 3922448 TI - Sialic acid in mature megakaryocytes: detection by wheat germ agglutinin. AB - The characteristics of the surface of guinea pig megakaryocytes were investigated with wheat germ agglutinin (WGA). Purified guinea pig megakaryocytes and platelets were incubated with WGA conjugated with rhodamine, cytocentrifuged, and then exposed to Chromomycin A3 for the assessment of ploidy. The fluorescence emission of the DNA-Chromomycin complex was similar to that of fluorescein, and thus both rhodamine-WGA and Chromomycin A3 fluorescence could be analyzed in the same cell. Ploidy was assessed by microdensitometry of Chromomycin A3 fluorescence. Eight hundred megakaryocytes were analyzed by four parameters: (1) labeling by WGA, (2) ploidy, (3) morphological stage, and (4) size. The results were analyzed by a computer-assisted program. Although all platelets had reacted with WGA, only about half of the isolated megakaryocytes had been labeled by the lectin. The analysis of the megakaryocytes that had reacted revealed that 72% of stage III and 77% of stage IV megakaryocytes as compared with 35% of stage I and 29% of stage II cells had been labeled by the lectin. WGA reacted with 44% of 8N megakaryocytes and 60% and 59% of 16N and 32N cells. However, WGA labeling was independent of megakaryocyte size. The digestion of 15% and 48% of megakaryocyte sialic acid with neuraminidase from Vibrio cholera resulted in a 67% and 89% decrease in the binding of rhodamine-WGA, respectively, as determined by microdensitometry. The study indicated that sialic acid serves as a receptor for WGA and that sialoglycoproteins and possibly gangliosides become exposed on the surface of mature megakaryocytes. WGA can recognize mature megakaryocytes by biochemical criteria and the assessment of lectin binding could complement the morphological staging of megakaryocytes. PMID- 3922449 TI - A new abnormal variant of spectrin in black patients with hereditary elliptocytosis. AB - Seven black patients with mild hereditary elliptocytosis (HE) from five unrelated families were studied. The erythrocytes of these patients exhibited an abnormal thermal sensitivity (between 45 degrees C and 47 degrees C instead of 49 degrees C). An important defect of spectrin dimer self-association was detected in two ways: (1) the proportions of spectrin dimer (SpD) extracted from membranes at 4 degrees C under low ionic strength conditions were increased between 25% and 56% (normal value 15% +/- 2%); (2) the spectrin dimer----tetramer conversion in solution were defective with an association constant value between 0.4 and 2.4 X 10(5) M-1 for a normal value of 6 +/- 0.4 X 10(5) M-1. Spectrin (Sp) from HE patients and normal volunteers (32 black and 22 white subjects) was submitted to limited tryptic digestion, followed by one- or two-dimensional separation of the peptides. Peptide patterns of crude Sp from all seven HE patients exhibited a marked and reproducible decrease in 80,000-dalton peptide (previously identified as the dimer-dimer interaction domain of the alpha-chain) and a concomitant appearance of a novel 65,000-dalton peptide. A minor fragment at 28,000 daltons was also decreased. Tryptic digestion of HE spectrin dimer and tetramer (SpT), isolated after the SpD self-association procedure in solution, revealed modifications (decrease in the 80,000-dalton peptide and presence of a 65,000 dalton peptide) predominantly in HE SpD when peptide patterns of HE SpT were quite similar to control SpT patterns. Immunoblots with anti-alpha-chain antibodies revealed that the 65,000-dalton peptide derived from the alpha-chain. Kinetic studies of Sp digestion showed that the 65,000-dalton peptide did not result from further digestion of a 74,000 intermediate and was not a precursor of 46,000- to 50,000-dalton peptides. These results show a new structural defect of Sp-alpha-chain, associated with a defective Sp dimer self-association in HE. PMID- 3922450 TI - Human platelets exert cytotoxic effects on tumor cells. AB - Monocytes are thought to play a role in host resistance to tumor cell growth in animals and humans. In addition, platelets are known to be involved in tumor metastases. To investigate the interaction of these two cell types and their effect on tumor cells, human monocytes and platelets were examined using an in vitro monocyte-tumor cell cytotoxicity assay. Monocytes alone resulted in 32% +/- 1.5 (mean +/- SEM) tumor cell kill. When platelets were added to monocytes in a 1:1 ratio, an increase in cytotoxicity to 61% +/- 3.2 was observed. The cytotoxicity noted when platelets were added to a fixed number of monocytes and tumor cells was dependent on the number of platelets added. A decrease in cytotoxicity from 32% +/- 1.5 to 12% +/- 2.3 was observed when contaminating platelets were removed from monocyte preparations. Platelets added to tumor cells in the absence of any monocytes were also toxic, resulting in a maximum kill of 95% at a 4:1 platelet/tumor cell ratio. Secreted products of freshly isolated platelets may be responsible for much of the observed cytotoxicity, since supernatants from the platelets were toxic for tumor cells. Platelets pretreated with a cyclooxygenase inhibitor (ASA) or a lipoxygenase inhibitor had decreased cytotoxicity compared with untreated platelets. Our results indicate that products of platelet arachidonate metabolism are toxic for tumor cell lines. They also suggest that the role of the platelet must be considered when studying monocyte-tumor cell cytotoxicity. PMID- 3922451 TI - Production and characterization of a murine monoclonal antibody against a heavy chain of Hageman factor (factor XII). AB - A murine hybridoma cell line that produces a monoclonal antibody to human Hageman factor (HF, factor XII) is described. The antibody (P 5-2-1) consists of mouse IgG2b heavy chains and lambda light chains, selectively neutralizes HF procoagulant activity, and prevents the proteolytic cleavage of HF during contact activation in plasma. When HF is exposed to P 5-2-1 before the absorption of HF to kaolin, HF procoagulant activity is markedly inhibited. In contrast, P 5-2-1 does not interfere with HF activity after the adsorption of HF to kaolin. P 5-2-1 does not inactivate the prekallikrein-activating activity of 28,000-mol wt HF fragments (HFf). P 5-2-1 binds exclusively to the 40,000-mol wt portion of a heavy chain of HF and inhibits the adsorption of HF to negatively charged surfaces. P 5-2-1 immobilized on Sepharose can be used to deplete HF from normal human plasma. This immunoaffinity-depleted plasma is indistinguishable from congenital HF-deficient plasma and can be used as the substrate for HF procoagulant activity assay. PMID- 3922452 TI - Arachidonic acid incorporation by cytoplasmic lipid bodies of human eosinophils. AB - The presence of cytoplasmic lipid bodies in human eosinophils and the participation of these lipid bodies in the metabolism of arachidonic acid by human eosinophils have been studied. Lipid bodies, structures of roughly spherical shape and variable size within the cytoplasm, were identified with transmission electron microscopy by their shape and variable osmiophilia and by their lack of a limiting membrane. While generally absent from eosinophils of normal peripheral blood, lipid bodies were found in tissue eosinophils and in blood eosinophils from patients with eosinophilia. A role for lipid bodies in arachidonic acid metabolism was determined with eosinophils obtained from two eosinophilic patients. After incubation for 30 to 60 minutes with 3H-arachidonic acid, purified eosinophils took up 50% to 98% of the tritium label. By electron microscopic autoradiography, almost all tritium label was localized to lipid bodies. Only 3.6% of the cell-incorporated tritium label was free arachidonic acid, while 5.8% was neutral lipids and 66% was phospholipid. Thus, most of the tritiated arachidonic acid incorporated by human eosinophils was present in esterified form, predominantly as phospholipids, and almost all of the tritiated lipids were localized ultrastructurally to cytoplasmic lipid bodies. These results provide evidence that lipid bodies of human eosinophils have a role in the cellular metabolism of arachidonic acid. PMID- 3922453 TI - Heavy chain immunoglobulin gene arrangement and lineage infidelity in acute myelogenous leukemia. PMID- 3922454 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of classic hemophilia (hemophilia A) by immunoradiometric assays. AB - During the period from 1978 to 1983, 92 pregnancies have been evaluated by fetoscopy for the prenatal diagnosis of hemophilia A. Satisfactory fetal plasma samples were obtained in 80 instances and the diagnosis--or exclusion--of hemophilia was made by immunoradiometric assay of the factor VIII coagulant protein (VIII:CAg). The accuracy of the diagnosis established by fetoscopy has been verified after delivery or termination, and there have been no misdiagnoses resulting from laboratory error. Additional evidence for the accuracy of the analysis was the observation that the frequency of hemophilia in pregnancies of obligate carriers of the hemophilia gene, and of women whose plasma assays were indicative of the carrier state, was 29 of 59 fetuses at risk. In one case of cross-reacting material-positive hemophilia, samples obtained at fetoscopy and from the newborn infant had normal VIII:CAg levels but the infant had decreased factor VIII procoagulant activity. There were five fetal deaths resulting from fetoscopy in 55 pregnancies not intentionally terminated. Although only a small percentage of pregnant hemophilia carriers in the United States have elected to undergo fetoscopy for prenatal diagnosis, this procedure has allowed a number of pregnancies to go to term with delivery of normal males in families that were not willing to accept the risk of a hemophilic child. In eight instances, fetoscopic evaluation was sought for two successive pregnancies. PMID- 3922455 TI - Elevated adenosine deaminase and purine nucleoside phosphorylase activity in peripheral blood null lymphocytes from patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. AB - The purine metabolic enzymes adenosine deaminase (ADA) and purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) are important in lymphocyte differentiation, and genetic deficiencies of either enzyme have been associated with hereditary immunodeficiency states. Both ADA and PNP activity were measured in null cell enriched and T cell-enriched peripheral blood lymphocytes from 16 patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), seven patients with the AIDS related symptom complex (ARC), and seven asymptomatic homosexuals. ADA activity in nmol/10(6) lymphocytes/h was significantly elevated in null lymphocytes from AIDS (161 +/- 12) as compared with 23 healthy heterosexual controls (127 +/- 8;P less than .025). PNP activity was also significantly increased in null lymphocytes from AIDS patients (96 +/- 10;P less than .005) as well as those from ARC patients (84 +/- 11:P less than .025) relative to controls (61 +/- 5). No significant differences in enzyme activity were noted in T cell-enriched cells in any group. Along with elevated enzyme activity, AIDS patients had small yet significant increases in the percentages of HLA-DR (P less than .025), terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) (P less than .0001), and peanut agglutinin receptor (P less than .0001) positive lymphocytes in the null fraction compared with controls. TdT-positive cells appeared morphologically as large lymphoblasts with irregular nuclei. The data imply that the cellular immune deficiency in AIDS is not a result of deficiencies in lymphocyte ADA or PNP activity, but is more likely associated with an increase in an immature and/or activated lymphocyte subset. PMID- 3922456 TI - Biologic properties of molecularly cloned and expressed murine interleukin-3. AB - Interleukin-3 (IL-3) (multipotential colony-stimulating factor [multi-CSF] ) is an important regulator of hemopoiesis. We recently isolated a cDNA clone of this gene and describe in this manuscript the biologic properties of the expressed gene product. An SV40 expression vector carrying cDNA encoding murine interleukin 3 was constructed so that expression of the IL-3 gene was placed under the control of the SV40 early promoter. When the expression vector was transfected to COS-1 monkey cells, IL-3 activity was secreted into the medium, reaching maximal levels 72 hours after transfection. The IL-3 produced by the COS-1 cells was partially purified using diethylaminoethyl Sephacel and phenyl-Sepharose, and its chromatographic properties were the same as IL-3 produced by the WEHI-3 cell line. The biologic activities of the "expressed" IL-3 include the "induction" of 20-alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (20-alpha-SDH) in splenic lymphocytes from nu/nu mice, proliferative activity for 32D cl-23 and FDC-P1 cell lines, and colony-stimulating activity for granulocyte-macrophage, eosinophil, megakaryocyte, natural killer-like, erythroid, and multipotential colony-forming cells from murine fetal liver and adult bone marrow. PMID- 3922457 TI - Changes in intracellular Mg adenosine triphosphate and ionized Mg2+ during blood storage: detection by 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. AB - 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to measure changes in intra-erythrocyte Mg adenosine triphosphate (MgATP) and free Mg2+ during blood storage at 4 degrees C in standard citrate preservation media. The extent of Mg2+ complexation of ATP and the concentration of free Mg2+ were measured from the Mg2+-dependent chemical shift differences, at 22 degrees C, between the P beta and P alpha resonances of intracellular ATP. This difference changed from 721.0 +/- 1.4 Hz (mean +/- SE) on the day of collection to 741.0 +/- 3.4 Hz after three to seven days and 774.0 +/- 2.8 Hz after 11 to 40 days storage in either acid citrate-dextrose (ACD) or citrate-phosphate-dextrose-adenine (CPDA-1). Changes in intracellular pH, detected from shifts in the intracellular Pi resonance, averaged 0.27 units after 11 to 40 days of storage. These data indicate a sizable decrease in the extent of Mg2+ complexation of ATP, and a decrease by a factor of 2.6 in free Mg2+, during the shelf-life of blood stored in ACD or CPDA-1. PMID- 3922458 TI - Acquired von Willebrand's disease in the myeloproliferative syndrome. PMID- 3922459 TI - Chronic thrombocytopenia in an immunodeficient patient with hemophilia A. AB - Coincident hemophilia and idiopathic thrombocytopenia has been rarely observed. We report here on a young man with severe hemophilia A who was treated with concentrates of lyophilized antihemophilic factor for several years before he developed thrombocytopenia. An isolated thrombocytopenia coincident with reduced platelet survival, ample megakaryocytes in the bone marrow, elevated platelet associated IgG, as well as remission after treatment with prednisone and splenectomy, suggest the idiopathic form of thrombocytopenia. In addition, defects in cellular immunity became obvious. A causal relationship between the application of blood-derived products and the development of the platelet disorder as well as the impairment of the T-cell system remain to be demonstrated. PMID- 3922460 TI - Comparison of magnetometer and inductance plethysmography derived Konno-Mead diagrams during CO2 rebreathing. AB - Magnetometers measure changes in antero-posterior diameters of the rib cage and abdomen while respiratory inductance plethysmography (RIP) measures changes in chest wall cross-sectional area. We compared Konno-Mead diagrams derived from isovolume calibrated magnetometers and RIP in the DC-mode during room air and CO2 rebreathing in the sitting and supine positions. Chest wall configurations obtained during quiet tidal breathing were similar in both sitting and supine positions. During CO2 stimulated breathing, however, derived chest wall configurations were at times dissimilar. The RIP per cent rib cage contribution to tidal volume was greater than that of magnetometers during room air and CO2 rebreathing in both sitting and supine positions. Changes in end expiratory levels measured by magnetometers and RIP during CO2 rebreathing are in general proportionate to each other; however, the magnetometers usually depicted quantitatively greater decreases in abdominal end expiratory levels during rebreathing. We conclude that the qualitative and quantitative assessment of chest wall configurations and volume displacement vary depending on the method used. RIP by including lateral wall motion may more accurately reflect compartmental displacements, while magnetometers by solely measuring antero posterior diameter may better reflect changes in abdominal volume and thus diaphragm configuration. PMID- 3922461 TI - Copper chelates of antirheumatic and anti-inflammatory agents: their superoxide dismutase-like activity and stability. AB - An in vitro assay is described which simultaneously tests for the superoxide dismutase-like activity of low-molecular-weight copper chelates and their stability in the presence of excess EDTA. The EDTA is introduced to simulate the competitive endogenous ligands a copper-chelating drug will encounter in plasma and other body fluids. Under the conditions of the assay, antirheumatic drugs of the D-penicillamine type are clearly distinguished both from nonsteroidal anti inflammatories and from some drugs which chelate copper but lack antirheumatic activity. PMID- 3922462 TI - Practical results of treatment with disease-modifying antirheumatoid drugs. AB - Reappraisal of disease-modifying antirheumatoid drug (DMARD) therapy in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has raised the possibility that the risks of treatment outweigh the benefits. To provide more information a retrospective survey of the case-notes of 325 patients with RA was performed. The case-notes were randomly selected from the 2320 RA patients indexed in one department. Improvement was defined by the contemporary written notes of the managing physician. Analysis employed the life-table technique. A total of 247 case-notes could be adequately analysed: 154 patients had received one or more DMARDs constituting 251 drug patient exposures. Improvement followed drug-patient exposure in 57% of cases after a delay of between one and seven months. Nine per cent occurred within one month and 22% within two months. Of those patients withdrawn from treatment after less than two months, the 'early withdrawal' group, 25% subsequently improved without further DMARD therapy. The probability of still receiving a specific DMARD 8 months, 24 months and 36 months after the start of treatment was 50%, 25% and 10%, respectively. The majority of withdrawals resulted from adverse reactions. There was no evidence for a relationship between patient responses to sequential DMARDs. PMID- 3922463 TI - Cerebral blood flow and CO2 responsiveness as an indicator of collateral reserve capacity in patients with carotid arterial disease. AB - Resting cerebral blood flow (CBF) and the response to inhalation of 7 per cent CO2 was measured in 74 patients with symptoms of cerebrovascular disease. In order to evaluate their role in the identification of patients with significant arterial lesions, these measurements were correlated with the angiographic appearances, the clinical picture and the presence or absence of infarction on CT scan. Patients with carotid stenosis of 60 per cent or more had normal resting flows, but reduced responsiveness to CO2 inhalation. Patients with carotid occlusion had both reduced resting flow and reduced CO2 responsiveness. Infarcts were visible in 25 per cent of the hemispheres studied, and were more common in patients with fixed neurological deficits, but were also present in 17 per cent of patients with transient ischaemic attacks (TIAs). Reduction in the collateral supply from the contralateral carotid artery via the Circle of Willis further reduced CO2 responsiveness with ipsilateral internal carotid occlusion. The normal increase in CBF which occurs with the inhalation of carbon dioxide is diminished with increasingly severe bilateral disease, with infarction and with a fixed neurological deficit. PMID- 3922464 TI - Patients who take overdoses. PMID- 3922465 TI - Functional diarrhoea: the acid test. PMID- 3922466 TI - Pneumonia in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. PMID- 3922467 TI - Occult advanced cervical cancer. PMID- 3922468 TI - Libel and medicine. PMID- 3922469 TI - Febrile convulsions in a national cohort followed up from birth. I--Prevalence and recurrence in the first five years of life. AB - Of 13 135 children followed up from birth to the age of 5 years, 303 (2.3%) had febrile convulsions. Prior neurological abnormality had been noted in 13. Of the 290 remaining children, 57 (20%) presented with a complex convulsion, and 103 children (35%) went on to have further febrile convulsions. The risk of further febrile convulsions varied with the age at first convulsion and the presence of a history of convulsive disorders in relatives. There were no significant differences between the sexes. PMID- 3922470 TI - Febrile convulsions in a national cohort followed up from birth. II--Medical history and intellectual ability at 5 years of age. AB - Three hundred and three children with febrile convulsions were identified in a national birth cohort of 13 135 children followed up from birth to the age of 5 years. Breech delivery (p less than 0.05) was the only significantly associated prenatal or perinatal factor. There were no associations with socioeconomic factors. Excluding the 13 known to be neurologically abnormal before their first febrile convulsion, children who had had a febrile convulsion did not differ at age 5 from their peers who had not had febrile convulsions in their behaviour, height, head circumference, or performance in simple intellectual tests. PMID- 3922471 TI - Effect of enterocoated cholestyramine on bowel habit after ileal resection: a double blind crossover study. AB - Ileal resection causes malabsorption of bile acid; the increased load of bile acids in the colon induces increased secretion of salt and water and hence diarrhoea. A study was carried out to test the effect of an enterocoated cholestyramine tablet designed to disintegrate in the colon and sequester the bile acids there, thereby minimising diarrhoea induced by bile acids while having no effect on malabsorption of bile acid and jejunal fat absorption. The study comprised 14 patients who had undergone ileal resection of 40-150 cm for Crohn's disease. A double blind crossover trial was performed with placebo and cholestyramine enterocoated with cellulose acetate phthalate. During treatment with cholestyramine the daily faecal output decreased, the number of defecations each week decreased, and the intestinal transit time increased. Acceptability of the tablets was high, in contrast with general clinical experience with cholestyramine powder. No change was observed in the total faecal output of bile acids or fat. Cholestyramine tablets caused a reduction in diarrhoea without noticeably interfering with the metabolism of fat or bile acid. PMID- 3922472 TI - Hyperphosphataemic rickets in an Asian infant. PMID- 3922473 TI - Transient urinary tract dilatation associated with hypokalaemia. PMID- 3922474 TI - Unusual presentations of acanthosis nigricans and insulin resistance in a brother and sister. PMID- 3922475 TI - Has treatment for childhood gastroenteritis changed? AB - Because so many children with gastroenteritis in our area were being treated with drugs, which are potentially harmful, we assessed the extent of treatment before admission to hospital of 288 children. Sixty four had been treated: 45 with antibiotic, antidiarrhoeal, or antiemetic drugs and 34 had been given glucose electrolyte solution, 15 of those had also been given drugs; 119 had had no treatment. Since 1979 there has been a decrease in the use of drugs for gastroenteritis, but glucose-electrolyte mixtures are still underused. PMID- 3922476 TI - Consultation length: general practitioners' attitudes and practices. AB - A survey by postal questionnaire of 190 Nottingham general practitioners on consultation length was conducted and a response rate of 82% achieved. Reported consultation length was associated with the doctor's gender, use of an appointment system, membership of the Royal College of General Practitioners, and the number of patients seen during an average surgery. Seventy two per cent of respondents would have liked to have offered longer consultations and most thought that longer consultations would result in a higher standard of care and a lower prescription rate. PMID- 3922477 TI - Perspective from a Sudanese refugee camp. PMID- 3922478 TI - A rare type. PMID- 3922479 TI - Impressions of medicine in India. Medical links with Britain. PMID- 3922480 TI - Deontological foundations for medical ethics? PMID- 3922481 TI - The time is now: education and organisation of services. PMID- 3922482 TI - Cosmetic and reconstructive surgery of the breast. PMID- 3922484 TI - Doctors and defamation. PMID- 3922483 TI - Poverty in the cradle. PMID- 3922485 TI - The Gee case: the BBC settles. PMID- 3922486 TI - Screening for diabetic retinopathy. PMID- 3922487 TI - Blood pressure measurement: current practice and future trends. PMID- 3922488 TI - High dose cisplatin compared with high dose cyclophosphamide in the management of advanced epithelial ovarian cancer. PMID- 3922489 TI - Management of delayed puberty. PMID- 3922490 TI - Neonatal meningitis. PMID- 3922491 TI - Alternatives to digitalis glycosides for heart failure. PMID- 3922492 TI - Chloroquine resistant falciparum malaria acquired in South Africa. PMID- 3922493 TI - Pseudomonas aeruginosa and whirlpools. PMID- 3922494 TI - Current issues in the design and interpretation of clinical trials. PMID- 3922495 TI - Under-reporting of adverse drug reactions. PMID- 3922496 TI - Griffiths and professionalism. PMID- 3922497 TI - Hepatitis delta infections. PMID- 3922498 TI - Community care: planning mental health services. PMID- 3922499 TI - Endoscopic ultrasonography: a new look from within. PMID- 3922500 TI - Benzodiazepines in general practice: time for a decision. PMID- 3922501 TI - Increased severity and morbidity of acute hepatitis in drug abusers with simultaneously acquired hepatitis B and hepatitis D virus infections. AB - Hepatitis D virus (delta agent) markers were present in 111 (36%) of 308 intravenous drug abusers who were positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), 52 of these having hepatitis D virus antigenaemia. IgM antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc IgM) was present in 92 out of 95 subjects tested, indicating that hepatitis D virus and hepatitis B virus infections had been acquired simultaneously. Hepatitis D virus markers were present in three out of four patients with fulminant hepatitis, and in 80 of 223 (36%) with mild or moderate hepatitis compared with four of 29 (14%) of those who were asymptomatic. These proportional differences were significant (p less than 0.001). Hepatitis D virus markers were present in twice as many patients positive for anti-HBc IgM requiring admission to hospital with acute hepatitis compared with outpatients attending a drug treatment centre. Tests on one patient showed complete disappearance of HBsAg, but hepatitis D antigen (HDAg or delta antigen) and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) were still present in serum samples. All five patients with chronic active hepatitis had hepatitis D antibody (anti-HD) compared with seven of 24 (29%) with chronic persistent hepatitis (p = 0.008). Blocking anti-HD persisted for long periods after simultaneous infections with hepatitis B virus and hepatitis D virus but at lower titres than in patients with chronic liver disease. PMID- 3922502 TI - Rapid measurement of creatine kinase activity in a coronary care unit using a portable benchtop reflectance photometer. AB - Rapid measurements of plasma creatine kinase activity using an inexpensive benchtop reflectance photometer (Ames Seralyzer) and disposable reagent strips were evaluated in the laboratory and coronary care unit. The system proved simple to use and capable of yielding rapid (four minutes per analysis), precise (coefficient of variation less than 9%), and accurate results (correlation with routine method 0.995) when used by medical staff. Creatine kinase values were available 6.5-102 hours earlier than routine laboratory data, depending on the time and day of sampling, thereby facilitating appropriate and economic patient management. This instrument might be used to supplement the routine enzyme service for selected admissions, resulting in greatly improved availability of results and hence contributing to the early discharge of patients from intensive care facilities. PMID- 3922503 TI - Epidemic hypochlorhydria. AB - During a study of gastric secretion four out of six previously healthy subjects developed hypochlorhydria after a transient illness with nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Mean basal and peak acid outputs were 0 and 2.3 mmol (84 mg)/h one month after the onset of illness and 1.5 and 27.0 mmol/h (55 and 984 mg/h) at eight months' follow up. Two of the subjects were followed up at 18 months, when mean basal and peak acid outputs were 3.9 and 33.5 mmol/h (142 and 1221 mg/h). No endoscopic abnormality was seen at one and eight months, but biopsies showed active superficial gastritis, which resolved in one subject and became chronic in two. Schilling tests performed in three subjects at eight months showed diminished retention of vitamin B12. During hypochlorhydria a 24 hour intragastric analysis was performed for total and nitrate reducing bacteria, pH, and concentrations of nitrite and total and stable N-nitroso compounds. Of the 48 samples of gastric juice examined, 47 had bacterial growth of more than 10(6) organisms/ml and 46 had growth of nitrate reducing bacteria of more than 10(5) organisms/ml. Mean intragastric nitrite concentrations were 10 times higher than in a group of eight healthy controls. Both mean total and mean stable N-nitroso compound concentrations, however, were not appreciably different from those in controls. Although community transmission was a possibility, serological screening and electron microscopy of gastric biopsy specimens failed to show an infective cause. Transmission of an unidentified enteric pathogen via a contaminated pH electrode was therefore suspected. Thus gastric juice should not be returned to the stomach after contact with a contaminated glass electrode as this is a possible cause of atrophic gastritis. PMID- 3922505 TI - Intranasal calcitonin and plasma calcium concentrations in normal subjects. PMID- 3922506 TI - Characterisation of antibodies to insulin to help diagnose factitious hypoglycaemia. PMID- 3922504 TI - Respiratory and psychiatric abnormalities in chronic symptomatic hyperventilation. AB - Many physicians believe that the hyperventilation syndrome is invariably associated with anxiety or undiagnosed organic disease such as asthma and pulmonary embolus, or both. Twenty one patients referred by specialist physicians with unexplained somatic symptoms and unequivocal chronic hypocapnia (resting end tidal Pco2 less than or equal to 4 kPa (30 mm Hg) on repeated occasions during prolonged measurement) were investigated. All but one complained of inability to take a satisfying breath. Standard lung function test results and chest radiographs were normal in all patients, but histamine challenge showed bronchial hyper-reactivity in two of 20 patients tested, and skin tests to common allergens were positive in three of 18. Ventilation-perfusion scanning was abnormal in a further three of 15 patients studied, with unmatched perfusion defects in two and isolated ventilation defects in one. None of the 21 had thyrotoxicosis, severe coronary heart disease, or other relevant cardiovascular abnormalities. Ten of the 21 patients were neurotic and suffered from chronic psychiatric disturbance characterised by anxiety, panic, and phobic symptoms. The remainder had no detectable psychiatric disorders but reported proportionately more somatic than anxiety symptoms. Severe hyperventilation can occur in the absence of formal psychiatric or detectable respiratory or other organic abnormalities. Asthma and pulmonary embolus must be specifically excluded. PMID- 3922507 TI - Neurological complications of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations. PMID- 3922508 TI - Stress, cortisol concentrations, and lymphocyte subpopulations. PMID- 3922509 TI - Study of children not immunised for measles. AB - The results of a survey of the 165 children born in 1980 in a population served by a health centre showed that 42 were not immunised against measles. The reasons for non-immunisation included 18 refusals (usually on the grounds of incorrect contraindications) and 19 defaulters (where the children were not brought for immunisation). Twenty of the children had contracted measles by March 1984. Among the 19 defaulters 12 had been registered with the health centre since age six months or under. Their average number of consultations a year was four. None of the 42 children had Department of Health and Social Security recommended contraindications to measles immunisation. PMID- 3922510 TI - Nicotine chewing gum in general practice: effect of follow up appointments. AB - Two hundred smokers who were judged by their general practitioner to be motivated to stop smoking were allocated to one of two groups. All were offered an initial appointment at which they were advised to stop smoking and offered nicotine gum. One group then received no further appointments. The other was offered four further appointments over three months. Both groups were followed up at six and 12 months. At one year follow up 15.5% overall had stopped smoking, 14% in the low and 17% in the high contact group. This is better than most results so far reported for nicotine chewing gum in general practice, suggesting that general practitioners can use it to good effect. We compare this result with others achieved in general practice. PMID- 3922511 TI - Pattern of domiciliary consultations in the Trent region. PMID- 3922512 TI - Pocket computers: a new aid to nutritional support. AB - A program has been written to run on a pocket computer (Sharp PC-1500) that can be used at the bedside to predict the nutritional requirements of patients with a wide range of clinical conditions. The predictions of the program showed good correlation with measured values for energy and nitrogen requirements. The program was used, with good results, in the management of over 100 patients needing nutritional support. The calculation of nutritional requirements for each patient individually facilitates more appropriate treatment and may also produce financial savings when compared with administration of a standard feeding regimen to all patients. PMID- 3922513 TI - Rubella: immunity and vaccination in schoolgirls. AB - Of 191 schoolgirls, 128 volunteered to take part in a feasibility study of serotesting before and after rubella vaccination, and all responded to RA 27/3 vaccine. Had the serum samples been taken by a fingerprick method the number of volunteers would probably have increased considerably. A change in policy for rubella vaccination to testing both before and after vaccination would cost no more than the existing policy, would ensure primary response, and would differentiate those women who were protected by the vaccine from those with antibody to wild virus. PMID- 3922514 TI - Treatment without consent: intervention by the court. PMID- 3922515 TI - Utilitarianism. PMID- 3922516 TI - Impacted dentures mimicking brain stem stroke in a conscious patient. PMID- 3922517 TI - USSR letter. Dispenserisation for all. PMID- 3922518 TI - Male infertility. PMID- 3922519 TI - Cosmetic surgery I. PMID- 3922520 TI - Premature loss of bone in chronic anorexia nervosa. PMID- 3922521 TI - The medical examination of sexually abused children. PMID- 3922522 TI - Treating drug misuse. PMID- 3922523 TI - Rapid development and progression of proliferative retinopathy after strict diabetic control. PMID- 3922524 TI - Treatment for teenagers with epilepsy. PMID- 3922525 TI - Invasive cervical cancer and combined oral contraceptives. PMID- 3922526 TI - Preventing infant deaths. PMID- 3922527 TI - Medical advice and health policy. CMO issues challenge to community physicians. PMID- 3922528 TI - Prospects in rehabilitation. PMID- 3922529 TI - Onchocerciasis now. PMID- 3922530 TI - Hypertension in children. PMID- 3922531 TI - Two different mechanisms in patients with venous thrombosis and defective fibrinolysis: low concentration of plasminogen activator or increased concentration of plasminogen activator inhibitor. AB - Fibrinolytic components after venous occlusion and concentrations of tissue plasminogen activator inhibitor were studied in 100 consecutive patients with confirmed recurrent deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism. After 20 minutes of venous occlusion the fibrinolytic response was decreased in 33 patients, as measured both amidolytically with S-2251 and on fibrin plates. Two different mechanisms responsible for the poor fibrinolytic response could be distinguished. Twenty two of the patients in whom the response was poor released normal amounts of tissue plasminogen activator antigen, as assayed by immunoradiometric assay, but had appreciably increased concentrations of tissue plasminogen activator inhibitor. The 11 other patients in whom the response was poor had both low tissue plasminogen activator activities and low tissue plasminogen activator antigen concentrations but normal concentrations of tissue plasminogen activator inhibitor. The results show not only that defective synthesis or release of tissue plasminogen activator may be important in the pathogenesis of venous thrombosis but also that a large group of patients with thrombosis have an increased concentration of the inhibitor to tissue plasminogen activator. PMID- 3922532 TI - Platelet immune complex interaction in pathogenesis of Kawasaki disease and childhood polyarteritis. AB - The role of platelets in the pathogenesis of vasculitis and the formation of coronary artery aneurysms was studied in 19 children with Kawasaki disease and five with polyarteritis. All patients with Kawasaki disease developed thrombocytosis in the third week of illness. The peak platelet count was significantly correlated (p less than 0.005) with the subsequent development of coronary artery aneurysms. The rise in platelet count was associated with the appearance in the circulation of a factor that induced aggregation and serotonin release in normal platelets. This factor was shown to be of high molecular weight, and its activity was lost at low pH--features suggestive of an immune complex. Immune complexes, detected by precipitation with polyethylene glycol, also appeared in the circulation as the platelet count increased. These complexes induced platelet aggregation, and there was a significant correlation (p less than 0.001) between the concentrations of IgG and IgA in the polyethylene glycol precipitated material and the platelet aggregating activity. Similar platelet aggregating activity was also detected in patients with polyarteritis but followed a different time course, persisting in the circulation for several months in association with continued disease activity. These findings imply that different mechanisms have a role in distinct phases of Kawasaki disease. The initial feverish phase (probably infective) is probably followed by an immune complex vasculitis that occurs when antibodies to the initiating agent appear in the circulation. The immune complexes aggregate platelets and induce release of serotonin. Platelet derived vasoactive mediators may increase vascular permeability and facilitate further deposition of complexes in the tissues. PMID- 3922533 TI - Increased risk of respiratory symptoms in young smokers of low tar cigarettes. AB - The effect of cigarettes yielding less than 10 mg tar was investigated in a representative sample (n = 4729) of 16 and 18 year old Finns. The rate of response was 80%. Cough and phlegm were significantly increased in young people smoking low tar cigarettes. When more than nine cigarettes were smoked daily respiratory symptoms were 2.4-6.2 times more prevalent among those who smoked low tar cigarettes than among those who never smoked. No differences were found between the smokers of low tar and medium tar cigarettes (yielding tar 10-18 mg). These data disagree with the hypothesis that the new low tar brands of cigarettes are less likely to cause respiratory symptoms than the old medium tar brands. PMID- 3922534 TI - Safety of chloroquine in chemosuppression of malaria during pregnancy. AB - A cohort of 169 births to women who were exposed throughout pregnancy to chloroquine 300 mg base once a week for chemosuppression of malaria was studied. The birth defects in this cohort were compared with those in a control group of 454 births to women who were not exposed to chloroquine, most of whom lived in non-malarious areas. The proportion of birth defects in the exposed group was not significantly different from that in the control group. This observation must be considered within the limitations of the study, which could detect only a strong teratogenic effect. It could not exclude risks lower than a 5.7-fold increase in the incidence of birth defects when chloroquine was used. Women using chloroquine during pregnancy for chemosuppression of malaria can be reassured that it is not a strong teratogen, but if it is to be used the risk of developing malaria should be balanced against the lack of data to determine whether it carries a low teratogenic risk. PMID- 3922535 TI - Bronchial hyperreactivity to leucotriene D4 and histamine in exogenous asthma. AB - Reactivity of the small and large airways to inhaled leucotriene D4, one of the leucotrienes that constitute slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis, was studied in eight patients with exogenous asthma and nine healthy subjects with no history of atopy. Non-cumulative dose response relations were constructed for leucotriene D4 in a randomised, double blind set up. Reactivity to the leucotriene was compared with reactivity to histamine in the two groups. Both groups reacted to leucotriene D4 with significant airway obstruction evident in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), peak expiratory flow rate, maximal expiratory flow rate at 30% of forced vital capacity estimated from a partial flow volume curve initiated at 50% of vital capacity (V30), and an increase in volume of trapped gas. The airways of the patients were significantly (p less than 0.01) more reactive to leucotriene D4 than those of the controls. The differences were in order of magnitude, 10(2)-10(3) for FEV1 but only about 15 for V30 (p less than 0.05). The hyperreactivity of the airways of the asthmatic subjects to leucotriene D4 was comparable to that to histamine. Inhalation of leucotriene D4 caused pronounced dyspnoea only among the patients. The findings suggest a role for leucotriene D4 in human bronchial asthma. PMID- 3922536 TI - Acute myocardial infarction in Asians and whites in Birmingham. PMID- 3922537 TI - Pancreatitis in sarcoidosis. PMID- 3922538 TI - Cutaneous myiasis caused by larvae of Cordylobia anthropophaga acquired in Europe. PMID- 3922539 TI - Decreased intraperitoneal insulin requirements during peritonitis on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. PMID- 3922540 TI - "Missed pill" conception: fact or fiction? PMID- 3922541 TI - Potential hazard of clotting during blood transfusion using a blood warming pack. PMID- 3922542 TI - Symptomatic reaction to hepatitis B vaccine with abnormal liver function values. PMID- 3922544 TI - Vocational training schemes for general practice: what happens to those not appointed? PMID- 3922543 TI - Factors associated with home visiting in an inner London general practice. AB - We decided to examine the services provided by doctors in an inner London practice for domiciliary care. It was expected that the study would highlight the most relevant questions and variables related to access and uptake of this service; it would thus contribute to the design of an accurate procedure for auditing the pattern of delivery of home care to be conducted in the practice in the future. During the study period, 1976-81, there were 90 500 doctor-patient contacts. For patients up to the age of 10 years the proportion of home visits was 9.2%, falling to 2.2% in the age group 20 to 29; then there is a quasi plateau till the age of 60. After 60 the proportion of home visits doubles in each of the following 10 year age groups, reaching 54% in the over 80s. The proportion of home visits (standardised by age) rises from social class II (8.0%) to social class V (10.0%), but is higher in social class I (11.7%). The proportion of home visits according to distance from the practice rises from 8.2% near the health centre to 9.6% at a distance of 0.25 to 0.50 mile, and drops to 8.8% beyond 0.75 mile. The distance effect is not consistent when the social class dimension is added: social classes I and II have higher proportions of home visits in certain age and distance groups. Single people have the lowest proportion of home visits (6.8%); there are large differences between men and women among widowed (14.1% and 8.6% respectively) and divorced or separated (7.0% and 10.7% respectively) patients. There are important variations in the proportions of home visits made by the doctors in the practice, the trainees carrying out proportionally many more home visits. Data collected in the practice can be used to define specific issues for future audit exercises. Furthermore, sociodemographic characteristics of patients have been shown to be associated with use and access to medical services. PMID- 3922545 TI - Management of patients with congenital hypothyroidism. AB - The biochemical state and treatment of 73 children and 44 adults up to the age of 40 with proved congenital hypothyroidism were assessed in a regional study in the north of England. The findings showed that a substantial proportion of the patients were having inappropriate treatment or were not taking their treatment regularly and that in some of these there were clinical effects. PMID- 3922546 TI - Fine needle aspiration cytology in isolated thyroid swellings: a prospective two year evaluation. AB - During 1 September 1981 to August 1982 aspiration cytology was carried out in all isolated thyroid swellings referred to the Aberdeen Thyroid Clinic: cytological findings were not disclosed, did not influence management, and were compared retrospectively with the histological diagnosis. In a total of 70 swellings sensitivity for the detection of neoplasia was 86% and overall accuracy 92%; the positive predictive value was 80% and negative predictive value 96%. During the second year (1 September 1982 to 31 August 1983), when cytological findings were used to influence management, the frequency of operation for isolated thyroid swellings decreased by 25% and the proportion of operations for neoplasia increased from 31% to 50%. In terms of bed occupancy the potentially avoidable surgical workload for benign disease was reduced by 34%. Aspiration cytology, carried out at the first clinic attendance, makes a sound basis for selective surgery and leads to economy in the management of isolated thyroid swellings. PMID- 3922547 TI - Delayed puberty. PMID- 3922548 TI - Conscience, good character, integrity, and to hell with philosophical medical ethics? PMID- 3922549 TI - From the PHLS. Update on leptospirosis. PMID- 3922550 TI - Acute respiratory insufficiency from psittacosis. PMID- 3922551 TI - Treatment without consent: emergency. By our legal correspondent. PMID- 3922552 TI - Asian patients with diabetes. PMID- 3922553 TI - Consultants in rehabilitation medicine. PMID- 3922554 TI - Variation in natural killer activity in peripheral blood during the menstrual cycle. PMID- 3922555 TI - Alternative to the digitalis glycosides for heart failure. PMID- 3922556 TI - Mixing short and intermediate acting insulins: effect on postprandial blood glucose concentrations. PMID- 3922558 TI - What is happening to section 63? PMID- 3922557 TI - Relation between cancer of the colon and blood transfusion. PMID- 3922559 TI - Sheep slaughtering procedures. IV. Responsiveness of the brain following electrical stunning. PMID- 3922560 TI - Effects of internal calcium and sodium on photocurrent kinetics in toad rod photoreceptors. AB - Reducing external calcium from 1.0 to 0.1 mM increased the flash sensitivity and the time-to-peak (tp) of linear responses of rod photoreceptors. The quantitative relation between flash sensitivity and tp was the same as during light adaptation. However, the calcium ionophore A23187 reduced sensitivity without affecting response kinetics. Thus, increasing intracellular calcium did not mimic the effect of steady light on kinetics. An increase in internal sodium might play some role in the increase in tp observed in low external calcium. PMID- 3922561 TI - Place preference conditioning with methylphenidate and nomifensine. AB - The role of central catecholaminergic systems in place preference conditioning produced by methylphenidate and nomifensine was investigated. Several doses of either methylphenidate or nomifensine produced alterations in place preferences, while desipramine (10 mg/kg), a relatively selective noradrenergic uptake inhibitor, was ineffective, Haloperidol (0.15-0.5 mg/kg) did not attenuate place preferences induced with methylphenidate (2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg) or nomifensine (5.0 mg/kg), although conditioning with methylphenidate (5.0 mg/kg) was blocked after injections of a high dose of haloperidol (1.0 mg/kg). Intraventricular injections of 6-hydroxydopamine had no effect on methylphenidate (2.5 mg/kg) induced place preferences. In contrast, pretreatment with haloperidol (0.2 mg/kg) or intraventricular injections of 6-hydroxydopamine attenuated locomotor activity induced by methylphenidate (5.0 mg/kg). These results suggest that methylphenidate and nomifensine produce place preferences via mechanisms that are either qualitatively or quantitatively distinct from their catecholamine dependent stimulant actions. PMID- 3922562 TI - Mitotic neuroblasts in dissociated cell cultures from embryonic rat cerebral hemispheres express neurofilament protein. PMID- 3922563 TI - Central chemosensitivity to H+ and CO2 in the rat respiratory center in vitro. AB - The brainstem, cervical cord and attached phrenic nerve were excised from newborn rats and superfused in vitro. Respiratory output was measured by integration of phrenic nerve discharges. Respiratory output was enhanced by an increase in pCO2 at constant pH as well as by decreased pH with constant pCO2. It is concluded that the adequate stimulus to central chemoreceptors is not restricted only to H+. PMID- 3922564 TI - Monkey substantia nigra (pars reticulata) neuron discharges during operant feeding. AB - Unit activity in the substantia nigra pars reticulata was recorded during monkey bar-press feeding behavior. Activity of one-third of neurons was related to motor execution such as arm extension, flexion and bar-pressing, but not to motor preparation. Motor-related neurons were distributed mainly in the rostrolateral part of the nucleus. More than one-third responded during feeding and/or drinking acts and to intra- or perioral sensory stimuli. These ingestion-related neurons were distributed mainly in the caudomedial part of the nucleus. PMID- 3922565 TI - Biochemical transmethylation of lipids and neuropeptidergic stimulation of pituitary hormone secretion. AB - S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent methylation of membrane phosphatidylethanolamine to phosphatidylcholine has been shown to exist in a number of tissues including pituitary gland and to play important roles in receptor-mediated functions. The possible role of this phospholipid methylation reaction in pituitary hormone secretion has been studied. To this end, the ability of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) to release thyrotropin (TSH) and prolactin and the ability of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) to release luteinizing hormone (LH) were evaluated after inhibition of pituitary phospholipid methylation. Both TRH and LH-RH stimulated the release of their corresponding pituitary hormone in a dose-dependent manner and this stimulatory effect was inhibited in the presence of phospholipid methylation inhibitors. Non specific stimulation of TSH release by 55 mM KCl or 0.1 mM veratridine, however, was not affected by the methylation inhibitors. The data suggest that phospholipid methylation may participate in receptor-mediated release of pituitary hormones. PMID- 3922566 TI - Microspectrofluorometric characterization of amine accumulation proximal to lateral hypothalamic lesions. AB - Microspectrofluorometry was employed to identify the spectral characteristics of the formaldehyde-induced fluorophore derived from amine accumulation proximal to the site of 6-hydroxydopamine injection or radiofrequency lesions in the lateral hypothalamus of Sprague-Dawley rats. The excitation and emission spectra of the accumulation were consistent with that of catecholamines in models subjected to similar formaldehyde treatment. These results indicate that while biochemical assay technique may not permit the quantification of amine accumulations, these areas do in fact represent degeneration associated increases in catecholamines which may be of functional significance. PMID- 3922567 TI - Intertectal neuronal plasticity in Xenopus laevis: persistence despite catecholamine depletion. AB - In normal Xenopus, the tectum receives a direct projection from the contralateral retina and an indirect projection, via the intertectal system, from the ipsilateral eye. The two maps of binocular visual space, at each tectum, are in register. If one eye is rotated during larval development, the ipsilateral visuotectal projection compensates by changing its orientation. Rearrangement of the intertectal system brings the ipsilateral map back into register with the contralateral map. We sought to determine whether this intertectal plasticity required normal levels of brain monoamines. Animals received an eye rotation between stages 55-63 of larval life and were then placed in one of 3 groups. A first control group received no further treatment. A second control group was given intraventricular injections of ascorbate vehicle. The experimental group was given intraventricular injections of 6-hydroxydopamine in ascorbate vehicle. Two to 3 months after metamorphosis, visuotectal projections were mapped electrophysiologically and the brains were assayed for monoamines. Intertectal plasticity occurred in all 3 groups of animals, including animals in which brain catecholamine levels were severely reduced. We conclude that normal levels of brain catecholamines are not required for this form of neural plasticity. PMID- 3922568 TI - [Paris-I-Lariboisiere variant thrombasthenia. Functional disorder of human platelet aggregation, glycoprotein-independent]. AB - The present case of constitutional thrombasthenia is unique. It demonstrates the importance of the three major steps of human platelet aggregation: 1. binding of agonists to their respective membrane sites; 2. transmission of a message probably membrane Ca++ dependent, 3. exposure of the preformed GP IIb-III a complex allowing fibrinogen binding. We postulate that in this case the second step is impaired while in the classical thrombasthenia, the third one is abnormal by absence, strong reduction or functional abnormality of the GP II b-III a complex. PMID- 3922569 TI - [Magnesium, calcium and zinc levels in plasma and erythrocytes of spontaneously hypertensive rats]. AB - Magnesium, calcium and zinc determinations were performed by flame absorption spectrophotometry and induced coupled plasma on the red blood cells (RBC) and plasma (P) of spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and control (WKR) male rats, aged of 45 to 158 days. The blood sampling was done by cardiac puncture after ether anaesthesia. SHR rats have lower RBC and P Mg values and higher RBC Zinc values than WKR. These differences are very significant (P less than 0.002 to P less than 0.0001) among the animals aged of 96 days or more. When compared to the data of the literature, these results confirm the existence of associations between hypertension, low blood Mg and high RBC Zn values but reveal only minor changes in RBC Ca concentrations. PMID- 3922570 TI - [Determination, using a piezo-impulse method, of iso-osmotic permeability of the apical membrane of epithelium]. AB - A frog skin, mechanically held on the mucosal side separates two Ringer solutions. It is submitted to an hydrostatic pressure difference delta P varying between 2 and 120 mb. Water permeability P (delta P) delta pi = 0 is determined with a piezo-impulse method. The rapid variation of permeability within the 2-25 mb range indicates a reversible closing of the junctions. The limiting value Pisol for high delta P is the isoosmotic permeability of the apical membrane. PMID- 3922571 TI - [Compartmental analysis of 6Li/7Li isotope exchange in equilibrium conditions in mouse plasma]. AB - The compartmental analysis of lithium in the mouse plasma has been performed using the stable isotopes, 6Li and 7Li, as tracers. The animals were kept under stationary conditions (concentration of total lithium in plasma maintained equal to 0.28 mM) during the experiment. The isotopic exchange, 6Li/7Li, was described to a good approximation by combining two first-order processes (characteristic parameters: 89 microM and 2.071 X 10(-3) X min-1 for the first one, and 193 microM and 2.215 X 10(-4) X min-1 for the second one). From these kinetic data, it was estimated that the lithium capacities of the plasma and of the cells were 282 and 454 nmol X ml-1, and that the unidirectional fluxes of lithium between plasma and cells and through the kidneys were 0.259 and 0.227 nmol X ml-1 X mn-1. Since the method makes use only of stable, hence harmless, isotopes, one might think of extending it to direct experimentation in man. PMID- 3922572 TI - [Histological changes in the somatosensory thalamus after unilateral coagulation of vibrissa follicles of the muzzle of the newborn mouse]. AB - Light microscopic study of the thalamic ventro-basal complex (VB), after unilateral coagulation of vibrissae follicles in newborn mouse, revealed an excess of neuronal perikarya on the controlateral "deafferented" side as compared to the normal side. The higher density of nerve cells was confined to the vibrissal relay in the medial part of VB nucleus (VBm), whereas the cell number in the non vibrissal-lateral part of this nucleus (VB1) remained on the control level. Electron microscopic investigation of the thalamic vibrissal relay has shown signs of a modified synaptogenesis on the "deafferented" side: (a) the number of specific afferents has diminished and in contrast to the normal side, most of the specific sensory terminals contain small spheroid synaptic vesicles and (b) the number of axon terminals with ovoid pleomorphic vesicles has been doubled. PMID- 3922573 TI - [Metabolic study of the initial period of fasting in the king penguin chick]. AB - There is an 80% decrease in the specific daily change in body mass (dm/m dt) during the first 5-6 days of fasting in king penguin chicks, which characterizes period I of fasting. Parallel decreases in plasma alanine and uric acid concentrations suggest an important reduction in protein degradation. Plasma concentration of beta-hydroxybutyrate and glucose are high, respectively 1.3 and 12.5 mmol X 1(-1), and do not change significantly. PMID- 3922574 TI - [LHRH stimulates the secretion of an 87 K protein by cultured gonadotrophic cells]. AB - The biosynthesis of proteins secreted by cultured pituitary cells was studied using (35S)-methionine. The intracellular and released proteins were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by autoradiography. The LHRH stimulated release is accompanied by the synthesis and release of a 87,000 dalton molecule (87 K protein). This peculiar secretion is particularly evidenced when using enriched gonadotrophs obtained by centrifugal elutriation. The 87 K protein could be involved in the release process of gonadotropins. PMID- 3922575 TI - [Structural data on the myelin proteolipid of apparent molecular weight 20 kDa (DM-20)]. AB - By a combination of chromatographic methods, we have obtained in an apparently homogeneous state the 24 kDa "major myelin proteolipid" (MMPL) and the 20 kDa "myelin proteolipid" (DM-20). Contrary to a commonly held view, the second one is not a conformationally different form of its major companion, as it differs markedly by its amino-acid composition, its electrophoretic behaviour after performic acid oxidation, and the results of tryptic digestion; however, they are obviously very closely related, as shown by the selective cleavages at the level of methionines and tryptophanes. These results are most simply interpreted by a single deletion in DM-20 of the hydrophilic fragment 100-140 of the (known) structure of the 24 kDa proteolipid. Lees' hypothesis of a deletion of fragment 197-267 cannot be retained. PMID- 3922577 TI - [Isolation of Spiroplasma in France (Savoie, North Alps) from mosquitoes of Aedes genus]. AB - Six strains of Spiroplasma sp. were isolated from Aedes mosquitoes collected in France, in the northern part of the Alps. As these isolates came from anthropophilic species of mosquitoes, the possible epidemiological and pathological importance of such observations is briefly discussed. No virus was isolated from these same mosquitoes. PMID- 3922576 TI - [Construction of an infectious retroviral vector for the expression of eucaryotic genes]. AB - We describe here an infectious eucaryotic expression vector derived from Moloney Murine Leukemia (Mo-MuLV) provirus and recombined in plasmid pBR 322, for the expression of eucaryotic genes. Upstream of the cloning sites lie the 5' LTR and 700 bp of the gag sequences containing the splicing and encapsidation signals. Downstream of the cloning sites are situated the env gene and the 3' LTR containing the polyadenylation signal. So as to test the potential use of this vector, Herpes Simplex TK gene and E. Coli NeoR genes were cloned in the same transcriptional polarity as the viral LTRs. When DNA from the recombinant plasmid was transfected into mouse, rat, or human cell cultures, high yields of TK+ or NeoR colonies were obtained. Recombinant plasmids constructed with TK or NeoR genes in the opposite polarity failed to produce drug resistant colonies. Cotransfection with DNA of the Mo-MuLV competent helper provirus led to the rescue of chimeric virus capable of transmitting drug resistance. PMID- 3922578 TI - [Stimulatory control by oxytocin (or an analog peptide) of the pituitary intermediate lobe in rabbits. Inhibitory role of serotonin]. AB - The peculiar innervation of the intermediate lobe (IL) in Leporidae obviously corresponds to a regulation mechanism different from that known in other mammals. Physiological observations on IL superfused in vitro show, in addition to the previously reported absence of dopaminergic inhibitory control, the existence of an oxytocinergic-like control involved in the stimulation and not in the inhibition of alpha MSH release by the rabbit IL. Serotonine has inhibitory effects and may play a modulatory role. However, the strong stimulation of alpha MSH release obtained with K+ at a depolarizing concentration (8K) suggests that the presence of any powerful inhibitory axonal system in the rabbit IL is rather unlikely. PMID- 3922579 TI - [Comparative kinetics of appearance in the portal vein of alpha-aminated nitrogen from mixtures of small peptides of free amino acids of the same composition introduced in the duodenum of conscious pigs]. AB - The quantitative kinetics of appearance of amino acids (a.a.) in the pig portal vein was studied in 6 animals for 5 hrs. after duodenal perfusion of an enzymatic hydrolysate of milk proteins or a solution of free a.a. of the same composition. Each product was given in two quantities (55 and 110 g). The quantities of a.a. appearing in the portal vein were higher after perfusion of the hydrolysate than after that of the free a.a., independently of the time after the perfusion. Thus, nitrogen present in the small intestine as small peptides is absorbed more quickly than when it is present as free amino acids. PMID- 3922580 TI - [Rearrangement of the chromosome 17 in colonic adenocarcinoma]. AB - Chromosome studies on five cases of large bowel adenocarcinoma show a systematic rearrangement of chromosome No. 17 after breakage in its juxtacentromeric region (band 17 q 11). A frequent involvement of chromosome No. 8 (juxtacentromeric break) and the loss of chromosome No. 18 are also noticed. A review of the literature strengthens the hypothesis of a preferential involvement of these chromosomes in large bowel cancer. PMID- 3922581 TI - [In vivo cephalic x-ray computed tomography of the chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes, Catarhinii, Anthropomorpha) in the neuro-ocular plane]. AB - A N.O.P. oriented C.T. in vivo of the head of the Pan troglodytes L. The N.O.P. was recognised from many works (E.A.C.). It permitted a biometric approach and very precise morphologic study of the brain and face in comparative anatomy. PMID- 3922582 TI - [Temporal development of the night and nap sleep in young children]. AB - This paper deals with the duration and the frequency of night and nap sleep of children aged from 2.5 to 4.5 years. Correlation factors and temporal patterning of these parameters were studied throughout 9 months, from September 1981 to June 1982. PMID- 3922583 TI - [Localization of initiating codons in RNA prokaryotes messengers by learning technics]. AB - Learning processes are applied to the recognition of protein coding regions in prokaryotes. Non-contradictory, statistical rules are deduced from a set of known examples of coding regions. These rules allow us to build characteristic patterns on the m-RNA upstream the initiating codon. These rules are applied to recognize more than 180 coding sequences. PMID- 3922584 TI - [Nycthemeral change in the anticoagulant effect of heparin given at a constant rate by the intravenous route]. AB - Six subjects with venous thromboembolism volunteered for this prospective study. Heparin was administrated intravenously at a constant rate with an infusion pump. The activated partial thromboplastin time (A.P.T.T.) and thrombin time (T.T.) were measured every 4 hrs. for 48 hrs. These coagulation tests exhibited a nycthemeral variation with a large amplitude which was reproducible from one day to the next and statistically validated by the cosinor method (p less than 0.001). All patients had a nocturnal peak of A.P.T.T. and T.T. on both days. In four patients this peak for A.P.T.T. exceeded the upper desired limit. PMID- 3922585 TI - [Monoclonal antibodies against defined Leishmania antigens protect mice against infection by different species of Leishmania]. AB - Mice monoclonal antibodies (IgG) have been raised against Leishmania infantum promastigotes by fusing SP 2/0 myeloma cells and immunized mice splenic cells. The monoclonal antibodies have been detected by indirect immunofluorescence. In vivo tests showed that some of them could inhibit the life cycle of several Leishmania species from the Old and the New World. Studies of these protective monoclonals by the western blot technique showed the presence of three constant antigens (40 kD, 70 kD and 113 kD) amongst the Leishmania species studied. PMID- 3922587 TI - [Massive intestinal resection and intestinal and digestive rehabilitation]. PMID- 3922586 TI - [Concentrated amino acid solution in order limit water and energy supply during parenteral feeding]. PMID- 3922588 TI - [Autoregulation of postoperative analgesia]. PMID- 3922589 TI - Calcium and aging. PMID- 3922590 TI - Intestinal lactase activity and calcium absorption in the aging female with osteoporosis. AB - In 11 postmenopausal women with histologically proven osteoporosis and normal lactose tolerance, a direct correlation between calcium absorption and intestinal lactase activity was observed. The results suggest that varying degrees of relative deficiencies in intestinal lactase might contribute to the graded decrease in calcium absorption which characterizes the aging female population. PMID- 3922591 TI - Vertebral bone mineral content in osteogenesis imperfecta. AB - Quantitative computed tomography of the lumbar spine was carried out in 28 patients with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) in order to measure vertebral trabecular bone mineral concentration (BMC). The patients ranged in age from 6-73 years, and included 3 of the 4 major clinical subtypes of the disease. The findings underscore the heterogeneity of osteogenesis imperfecta even among family members with the same disease type. In addition, cross-sectional analysis of Type I OI patients suggests that BMC during young adulthood averages about 70% of normal, and subsequently falls more rapidly than in normal patients. BMC tends to be lower in the more severe forms of OI. Decreased BMC was not found in a few otherwise normal relatives with scoliosis or joint laxity. PMID- 3922592 TI - Skeletal challenge: an experimental study of pharmacologically induced changes in bone density in the distal radius, using gamma-ray computed tomography. AB - Bone density (BD) at the distal end of the radius was measured serially with gamma-ray computed tomography (gamma-CT) in five groups of healthy postmenopausal women. One group comprised untreated controls; women in the other groups were subjected to pharmacologic challenge with putative activators and/or depressors of bone remodeling. The challenge agents, taken orally, were ergocalciferol (vitamin D2) alone and followed by calcium; calcitriol (1,25(OH)2D3), and prednisone. All of the subjects showed changes in BD following challenge; these changes were significant (P less than 0.05) for the groups receiving vitamin D2 and vitamin D2 plus calcium. Responses to ergocalciferol, calcitriol, and prednisone were similar within groups, whereas the group receiving ergocalciferol then calcium comprised two distinct subgroups: bone density transiently increased in one and decreased in the other. For all five groups, the direction of change in bone density in response to the challenge, and its duration and magnitude, were consistent with reported histomorphometric data. We conclude that gamma-CT assessment of change in bone density after pharmacologic challenge provides a useful noninvasive approach to skeletal investigation. PMID- 3922593 TI - Phagocytosis of bone collagen by osteoclasts in two cases of pycnodysostosis. AB - Electron microscopic examination of bone biopsies obtained from two patients suffering from pycnodysostosis revealed that osteoclasts contained (sometimes large) cytoplasmic vacuoles filled with bone collagen fibrils. These vacuoles stained positive for acid phosphatase activity, thereby suggesting that bone matrix had been phagocytosed and subsequently exposed to hydrolytic enzymes of the lysosomal apparatus. Collagen-containing vacuoles were not observed in osteoclasts of individuals not suffering from this disease. PMID- 3922594 TI - Thirty-one years of bones and teeth--retrospect and prospect. PMID- 3922595 TI - Whole-body irradiation inhibits the escape phenomenon of osteoclasts in bones of calcitonin-treated rats. AB - The escape phenomenon is characteristic of osteoclastic bone resorption in organ cultures, and calcitonin only transiently inhibits parathyroid hormone (PTH) stimulated resorption. The present study demonstrated that the transient inhibition of osteoclastic bone resorption, a phenomenon reminiscent of escape, occurs in the bones of calcitonin (ECT)-treated rats and that whole-body irradiation inhibits this escape. Rats were treated with daily subcutaneous injections of ECT for 72 h. At 24 h ECT decreased the incidence of osteoclast profiles with ruffled borders both in the growth plate-metaphysis junction (GPMJ) and the metaphyseal trabecular bone region (MT). However, by 72 h the incidence in the MT had been restored to the level of the control. The trabecular bone volume in the ECT-treated bone did not differ significantly from the control value. Whole-body irradiation (600 rad) before the first injections of ECT prevented the re-activation of the ruffled border formation and increased the trabecular bone volume at 72 h. Irradiation diminished the number of osteoclasts in the ECT-treated bones to the level of the control. ECT-treated bones contained a greatly increased number of macrophage-like cells (MO). Irradiation prevented this ECT-induced increase in the number of MO. These results strongly suggest that the escape phenomenon in vivo involves the calcitonin-induced proliferation of cells in the mononuclear phagocyte system, with resultant increases in the number of osteoclasts and in the bone resorption activity of osteoclasts. PMID- 3922596 TI - On the origin of the osteoclast: the cell surface phenotype of rodent osteoclasts. AB - The origin and development of the osteoclast is not well defined; although it is derived from a bone marrow stem cell, it is not proven whether the osteoclast progenitor comes from the multipotential hemopoietic stem cell or comprises an entirely separate cell lineage. We have studied the cell lineage relationship of osteoclasts isolated from newborn rodent bone to other bone marrow cell types, in particular the monocyte-macrophage cell line, by the use of cell surface phenotyping. In studies in mouse and rat we failed to detect the expression of markers characteristic of mononuclear phagocytes or other bone marrow cell types, including the hemopoietic tissue restricted common leucocyte antigen (T200). Our findings cast further doubt on the view that osteoclasts arise by fusion of mononuclear phagocytes in a similar fashion to the formation of multinucleate inflammatory giant cells. PMID- 3922597 TI - Characterization of an osteoblast-like clonal cell line which responds to both parathyroid hormone and calcitonin. AB - The clonal cell line UMR 106, which was originally derived from a rat transplantable osteogenic sarcoma with an osteoblastic phenotype, was subcloned after the emergence of a calcitonin-responsive adenylate cyclase was noted in late passages. Detailed studies on the stimulation of adenylate cyclase and activation profile of the cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase isoenzymes in response to parathyroid hormone (PTH) and salmon calcitonin (SCT) were conducted on two subclones (UMR 106-01 and UMR 106-06). Both subclones responded in an identical manner to PTH, which stimulated adenylate cyclase and activated both isoenzyme I and isoenzyme II of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase. In contrast, only UMR 106-06 cells responded to calcitonin. At 3 X 10(-8)M SCT, there was a sevenfold stimulation of adenylate cyclase, 84% activation of isoenzyme I, and 44% activation of isoenzyme II. The activation profiles of the isoenzymes to PTH and SCT in UMR 106-06 were similar. Furthermore, their response to SCT correlates with the presence of specific, saturable binding of 125I-labeled SCT. Binding parameters indicate apparent Kd = 0.8 nM and 6,000 receptors/cell. These data point to a significant phenotypic change having taken place in this clonal cell line with prolonged maintenance in culture, with the emergence of a calcitonin receptor linked to adenylate cyclase and protein kinase activation. PMID- 3922598 TI - The effect of osteocalcin on in vitro lipid-induced hydroxyapatite formation and seeded hydroxyapatite growth. AB - Osteocalcin, the bone gamma-carboxy glutamic acid containing protein, is one of the major noncollagenous proteins both synthesized and localized in bony tissue. Previously, investigators have suggested, based on the in vitro and in vivo properties of this protein, that it may be involved in controlling initiation of mineralization and/or hydroxyapatite (HA) growth. In this study, the in vitro effects of osteocalcin on lipid-induced HA formation, and HA seeded growth were compared. Although osteocalcin inhibited the growth of HA, as indicated by the osteocalcin concentration-dependent decreases in the first order rate constant, kCa, osteocalcin had no effect on lipid-induced calcification, kCa remaining constant at .033 h-1. Binding studies revealed that osteocalcin did not associate with the lipid macromolecules tested (phosphatidyl serine, phosphatidyl inositol, and the Ca-acidic phospholipid-phosphate (Ca-PL-PO4) complexes prepared from these phospholipids) although the protein bound to HA with high affinity. These data suggest that a) osteocalcin is quite distinct from the gamma carboxy glutamic acid containing clotting proteins which have a high affinity for both the acidic phospholipids and for HA, and b) that osteocalcin has little effect on the initial Ca-PL-PO4-dependent formation of HA. PMID- 3922599 TI - Placebo therapy for postmenopausal osteoporosis. AB - Eighteen postmenopausal osteoporotic (PMO) women on placebo therapy were followed for 1 year. Serial measurements of calcium balance and kinetics, bone histomorphometry, photon absorptiometry, and radiogrammetry were obtained. Few significant changes in balance and kinetics or bone histology were seen in these women over time. Photon absorptiometry and radiogrammetry of the femoral cortex showed a significant annual bone loss however. When compared with premenopausal and healthy postmenopausal women, the annual bone loss in those with PMO was significantly greater. The ability of balance studies, photon absorptiometry, and radiogrammetry to predict the magnitude of this bone loss was similar. Finally, there was an illustration of the use of the estimated variance provided by this study for estimating sample size for future studies. PMID- 3922600 TI - Bone-derived macrophage chemotactic factors: methods of extraction and further characterization. AB - Mononuclear phagocytes have been implicated as important cellular elements in the process of bone resorption. We have postulated that the recruitment and migration of mononuclear phagocytes to bone occurs via a mechanism(s) in which bone-derived chemotactic factors (BDCF) are released from foci undergoing resorption. In the experiments presented here we have used newborn mouse calvaria and examined a variety of extraction protocols, both dissociative and non-dissociative, as means of obtaining stable and reproducible chemotactic activity for mouse peritoneal macrophages. Chemotaxis and chemokinesis were assessed using a multi-well chamber modification of the Boyden transfilter method. Further, we have attempted to purify the BDCF by both molecular sieve and anion exchange chromatography. Our results indicated that non-dissociative extraction with 0.5 M EDTA in the presence of 1% DMSO yielded the most potent and reproducible chemotactic activity. The results of molecular sieve and anion exchange chromatography suggested that there were several BDCF activities in these preparations and that their molecular weights were probably in the range of from 14,000-67,000 daltons. Anion exchange chromatography also demonstrated the presence of a fraction, eluted with 2 M NaCl, with high chemotactic activity and minimal protein concentration. These observations confirmed the suggestion that there are several macrophage chemotactic factors in bone which have as yet to be identified, and suggest methods for pursuing their isolation. PMID- 3922601 TI - The mechanical properties of immature osteopetrotic bone. AB - The elastic properties of the longer bones of the fore and hind limbs of an osteopetrotic Angus calf were measured using an ultrasonic technique. The same bones of a second Angus calf with unaffected bone tissue were also studied. The osteopetrotic bones were found to exhibit statistically significant lower values of density and mineral content than did the unaffected bones (P = .0054 and P = .0492, respectively). This result is contrary to what has been reported in the literature. The variations of the elastic properties and the density around the circumference of both the immature osteopetrotic femur and the unaffected femur were found to be similar to those previously measured on normal adult bovine femora. PMID- 3922603 TI - Octacalcium phosphate formation in vitro: implications for bone formation. AB - Octacalcium phosphate (OCP, Ca8H2(PO4)6 . 5H2O) has been found in kidney stones and dental calculi and proposed by Brown et al. [1] to be a precursor of hydroxyapatite in bone and teeth formation. As saliva and urine often have acidic pH which favors OCP formation, the question remains then whether OCP can form in the more basic extracellular fluid in the bone milieu. This paper shows that calcium phosphate crystal phases obtained from neutral and pH 7.4 solution mixtures containing [CaCl2] = 0.1-10.0 mM and [Na2HPO4] = 0.1-90.0 mM with 100 300 mosM at 37 degrees C include brushite (CaHPO4 . 2H2O), OCP, and hydroxyapatite (Ca5(OH)(PO4)3). In some solutions OCP transforms into hydroxyapatite after 1 or more days, but brushite has not been observed to transform into OCP. Assuming the extracellular bone fluid has [Ca2+] = 1.0 mM, 300 mosM, and pH 7.4, this work suggests that hydroxyapatite crystals would only form when the ambient [Pi] greater than 5 mM, and that octacalcium phosphate may be a precursor. PMID- 3922602 TI - Acute metabolic acidosis stimulates 3H-25 hydroxyvitamin D production by the rachitic rat liver. AB - Acute metabolic acidosis alters 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D metabolism in experimental animals. We have used the NH4Cl-treated rachitic rat as a model to investigate the effect of acidosis on hepatic 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25 OHD) production. NH4Cl ingestion for 4 days was associated with a significant decrease in blood pH (7.44 +/- 0.03 vs 7.17 +/- 0.03, P less than 0.001) and bicarbonate (22.2 +/- 0.9 vs 10.5 +/- 1.6 mEq/liter, P less than 0.001). Acute metabolic acidosis stimulated 3H-25 hydroxyvitamin D production in liver homogenates. Acidosis resulted in a 52% decrease in Km (50.9 nM vs 24.5 nM) and an 11% decrease in the Vmax (554 picomoles/g liver protein/3 h vs 491 picomoles/g liver protein/3 h). The data collectively suggest that an acid load in vivo increases hepatic 25 OHD production and apparently enhances enzyme affinity for substrate. PMID- 3922604 TI - Pig interleukin 1 (catabolin) is a potent stimulator of bone resorption in vitro. AB - A homogeneous form of pig interleukin 1 (catabolin) stimulates the resorption of mouse bones in culture. Concentrations as low as 25 pM are effective, demonstrating that it is more potent than 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3 in our assay system. Catabolin was originally defined by its ability to stimulate glycosaminoglycan release from cartilage in culture and purified from pig mononuclear leucocyte supernatants. It also augments lectin-induced thymocyte proliferation, indicating that it is a form of pig interleukin 1. Bone resorbing factors are synthesized by other cell types, including fibroblasts and osteoblasts; we suggest that such cytokines are important in mediating the action of systemic hormones on bone. PMID- 3922605 TI - Crystallo-chemical properties of apatite in atremate brachiopod shells. PMID- 3922606 TI - Cyclosporine in heart and heart-lung transplantation. AB - At Stanford University Medical Center from January 1968 until January 1984, 288 patients received 313 heart transplants. The immunosuppressive regimen before December 1980 consisted of azathioprine and prednisone, with or without rabbit antithymocyte globulin. After that time cyclosporine replaced azathioprine. In 92 recipients of 95 heart allografts, the 1- and 3-year survival rates were 82% and 65% to 70% respectively. In the 3 years from March 1981 to March 1984, successful heart-lung transplantation was accomplished in 13 of 19 recipients, using cyclosporine-based immunosuppression. Survival ranged from 1 to 38 months. While it is true that cyclosporine has improved survival in heart transplant recipients, has allowed successful heart-lung transplantation to be performed, has shortened intensive care unit and total hospital stays and therefore hospital costs, and has allowed easier management of rejection and infection, several disconcerting problems have not yet been resolved. These include hypertension that is difficult to control and renal dysfunction in all patients, and the fact that cellular and humoral rejection still occurs, as manifested by graft atherosclerosis, bronchiolitis obliterans and classic acute rejection. Better understanding and application of cyclosporine immunosuppression will undoubtedly minimize both cyclosporine- and non-cyclosporine-related postoperative complications and will improve survival even further. PMID- 3922607 TI - Cost of coronary artery bypass surgery: a pilot study. AB - The increasing concern about the high cost of health care led the authors to conduct a pilot study on the overall cost and cost variability for patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting. They reviewed the charts of 50 randomly selected patients to determine actual costs of catheterization and bypass grafting. Four patients had single-vessel disease, 12 double- and 34 triple-vessel disease and 13 had moderate to severe impairment of ventricular function. The length of hospital stay ranged from 8 to 43 days (mean 16.5 days). The duration of stay in the recovery room and intensive care unit ranged from 21 to 356 hours (mean 91.6 hours). Operative time ranged from 2 to 6.5 hours (mean 3.95 hours). Using several accepted cost-allocation methods, the authors developed a valid, complete breakdown of clinical and nonclinical costs. Total cost was directly related to the length of hospital stay, left ventricular function, secondary diagnosis and number of diseased vessels. Further studies will address clinical factors related to cost and cost effectiveness of coronary artery bypass grafting as opposed to other forms of treatment for coronary artery disease. PMID- 3922608 TI - First degree A-V block in patients on lithium carbonate. AB - High doses of lithium in animals and therapeutic doses of lithium in humans caused varied abnormalities in cardiac conduction including A-V block. Five cases of first degree A-V block in patients receiving therapeutic doses of lithium carbonate are reported. PMID- 3922609 TI - On direct patient participation in the cost of their psychiatric care. Part II: Access to services, impact on practice and training implications. AB - A review of the relation between insurance and psychiatric services addresses the economic concerns involved. Under third-party reimbursement, a range of predictability and stability of treatment costs is observed; overall cost benefit and effectiveness for a variety of therapeutic procedures is demonstrated and socio-cultural factors play a role in the users demand behavior. The cost of medical care is a small percentage of the system's total cost and judicious use of psychiatric consultation reduces medical and surgical expenditures. Inherent difficulties for the profession exist in a universal health care scheme. The acceptability of psychological impairment and the confidentiality dilemma are among the issues reviewed. Further attention must be paid to the therapist's fee, behaviour and income needs. A traditional defensiveness regarding these matters should be overcome through a peer review process in order to further delineate responsible financial norms of psychiatric practice. The "laissez-faire" attitude observed in most of our training programs towards financial matters must be addressed in order to participate effectively in the ongoing sociopolitical dialogue on the funding of health care. PMID- 3922610 TI - Malignant "Triton" tumors. Natural history and immunohistochemistry of nine new cases with literature review. AB - Malignant schwannomas with rhabdomyoblastic differentiation have been termed malignant "Triton" tumors (MTT). To define the natural history of MTT, we have analyzed our experience (9 cases, the largest series reported) in combination with the 27 previously described in the literature (total 36 cases). This study was initiated due to the unusual presentation of MTT as a polypoid esophageal mass. Rhabdomyoblastic differentiation in these tumors was confirmed using myoglobin immunohistochemistry. Two groups of patients were identified: those with Von Recklinghausen's Neurofibromatosis (Group I, VRN cases); and those without (Group II, sporadic, non-VRN cases). Group I patients accounted for over 70% of cases and displayed a marked male predominance, young age, and common head and neck presentation. By contrast, Group II patients were older, had a female predominance, and tumors frequently located on the trunk. Both groups fared equally poorly: local recurrence was common and the 5-year survival rate for all cases was 12%. Our data support the view that the natural history of MTT, whether in VRN patients or not, is much more aggressive than sporadic malignant schwannoma and similar to VRN sarcomas in general. This poor outlook could not be attributed to site; rather, it appeared to reflect the high frequency of Grade III histology in this disease. PMID- 3922611 TI - The advantages of subtotal thyroidectomy and suppression of TSH in the primary treatment of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid. AB - Patients between the ages of 6 and 45 years with distant metastases from papillary carcinoma of the thyroid can be treated as effectively by subtotal thyroidectomy and suppressive doses of thyroid hormone as by total thyroidectomy followed by treatment with iodine 131 (131I). Moreover, distant metastases can be treated by either 131I or suppression as effectively after they are apparent on x ray as they can be when treated in a subclinical stage. Therefore, in patients younger than 45 years old it is rarely necessary to perform a total thyroidectomy or to do frequent postoperative scans. In patients older than 44 or younger than 7 who have distant metastases or extensive involvement of both lobes, total or almost total thyroidectomy is justified if it can be done with minimal morbidity. In patients of this age group whose tumors fail to respond to suppressive doses of thyroid, 131I should be used. In view of the importance of diagnostic related groups (DRG) to the economy of hospitals, we note that the cost of total thyroidectomy, ablation by 131I, and intermittent body scans is at least three times that of less radical procedures which, in conjunction with suppression by thyroid feeding, give the same survival with less morbidity. PMID- 3922613 TI - Normalization of monocyte candidacidal deficiency by cyclooxygenase inhibitors in Hodgkin's disease. AB - In a previous work, the authors found that the peripheral blood monocytes from patients with Hodgkin's disease (HD) had depressed lytic capability to kill Candida pseudotropicalis and depressed phagocytic function. The aim of this study was to evaluate if cyclooxygenase inhibitors could correct the defective macrophage functions. Fifteen untreated patients with HD and 10 normal subjects were studied. The incubation of the cells from the patients with HD with indomethacin (IM) at 1, 3, and 10 micrograms/ml and with acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) at 20 micrograms/ml increased their previously deficient ability to kill C. pseudotropicalis, reaching values close to those of normal subjects. The oral administration of ASA during 1 week also corrected the monocyte lytic deficiency in the patients' group. Neither the in vitro nor the in vivo treatment with these cyclooxygenase inhibitors had any significant effect on normal subjects' monocytes' lytic function. The drugs did not improve the impaired phagocytic function in patients with HD. These results indicate that the failure of the lytic activity of the monocytes in HD could be associated to an excessive production of PGE2, and the oral administration of inhibitors of the cyclooxygenase activity can correct such abnormality whereas the phagocytic dysfunction is not reverted by them. PMID- 3922612 TI - Early and delayed clinical cardiotoxicity of doxorubicin. AB - Five hundred thirty-four evaluable patients with breast cancer were treated with a combination of 5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide. The total planned dose of doxorubicin was 300 mg/m2 in patients with Stage II or III disease, and 450 mg/m2 in patients with isolated recurrences. The median time interval from start of adjuvant therapy to time of analysis was 68 months. Two percent had congestive heart failure associated with doxorubicin. Fifteen patients showed myocardial dysfunction attributed to either additional treatment with potentially cardiotoxic drugs for recurrent disease or other causes. The incidence of congestive heart failure was 1% in patients treated with up to 300 mg/m2, and 4% in patients who received 450 mg/m2 of doxorubicin. The median time interval from the end of doxorubicin to development of congestive heart failure was 1 month (range, 0-33 months). None of the 326 patients who have been followed 3 or more years (162 followed 5 or more years) since completion of doxorubicin therapy have developed congestive heart failure which was considered to be related from that therapy. PMID- 3922614 TI - Malignant pheochromocytoma with ganglioneuroblastoma elements in a patient with von Recklinghausen's disease. AB - A 14-year-old girl with numerous cafe-au-lait spots in her skin was hospitalized because of fever, weight loss, and a mass of the right upper quadrant of the abdomen. Despite intensive chemotherapy, she died 6 months after admission. The autopsy revealed a right adrenal tumor with metastases to liver, lungs, vertebrae, and lymph nodes. Histologically the tumor was a pheochromocytoma with small foci of ganglioneuroblastoma. The catecholamine contents of the tumor were markedly elevated, as confirmed by the catecholamine fluorescence technique. Electron microscopically, the tumor cells contained intracytoplasmic membrane bound chromaffin granules of varying sizes and shapes. This may be the first report of the concomitant occurrence of malignant catecholamine-secreting pheochromocytoma with ganglioneuroblastoma elements in a patient with von Recklinghausen's disease. PMID- 3922615 TI - Methylation analysis in glycoprotein chemistry: a comparative study of the carbohydrate structures of three hormone-binding glycoproteins from human serum. AB - The structures of the carbohydrate moieties of three hormone-binding glycoproteins from human serum, namely, thyroxine-binding globulin, transcortin, and sex hormone-binding globulin, have been characterised using quantitative g.l.c. of the methylated monosaccharide derivatives obtained after methanolysis of the methylated glycoproteins. PMID- 3922616 TI - Netilmicin in the treatment of Pseudomonas bacteremia. AB - The effectiveness of netilmicin was evaluated retrospectively in 40 patients with culture-documented bacteremia due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Netilmicin was the only antibiotic active in vitro against P aeruginosa that was administered to these patients. In 18 patients, Pseudomonas bacteremia developed in association with a Pseudomonas infection of the urinary tract; in 22 patients, Pseudomonas bacteremia developed from nonurinary or unknown sources. A clinical resolution or improvement was observed in 92% of the evaluable patients, and P aeruginosa was eliminated from the blood of 90% of the patients. The drug had nephrotoxic effects in two patients, but in no patient was there subjective or audiometric evidence of ototoxic effects. Three patients died during therapy. Based on these data, netilmicin is effective, and is associated with a low incidence of toxic effects, in the treatment of patients with Pseudomonas bacteremia. PMID- 3922617 TI - Influence of membrane perturbation elicited after hormone treatment (hormonal imprinting) on the later hormone binding capacity of Tetrahymena pyriformis. PMID- 3922618 TI - Effect of internalization of insulin-encapsulated and empty liposomes on hormone binding and its imprinting in Tetrahymena pyriformis. PMID- 3922619 TI - Effects of steroid hormones on the neuropil of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus of male chickens. AB - Testosterone and corticosterone, administered in doses of 0.5 mg/day for two weeks to three-day-old male chickens, induced alterations in the distributional pattern and in the number of synapses in the rostral neuropil of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus. This avian nucleus is a target area for both above mentioned hormones and also one of the most important centers involved in the regulation of behavioral patterns related to reproduction. Testosterone increased the number of synapses in the rostral paraventricular nucleus, while corticosterone altered their distributional pattern causing an increase in type-B terminals; according to morphological criteria the latter are regarded to represent aminergic endings. Similar results were induced by simultaneous administration of both testosterone and corticosterone. Precocious sexual behavior was also provoked by double treatment. PMID- 3922620 TI - Dictyosome-like structures from guinea-pig testes lack galactosyltransferase, a Golgi apparatus marker. AB - More than twenty different enzyme activities of fractions containing dictyosome like structures (DLS) as a dominant cell component were monitored. Plasma membrane vesicles were a major contaminant of the DLS fractions, which, presumably as a consequence, were enriched somewhat in plasma membrane markers. The lysosomal enzymes arylsulfatase and latent acid phosphatase were present in the DLS fractions as were the Golgi apparatus activities thiamine pyrophosphatase and nucleoside diphosphatase. The presence of the latter two enzymes in DLS, plus NADH-ferricyanide reductase, has been verified from cytochemistry. On the other hand, the Golgi apparatus marker, galactosyltransferase, was not enriched in DLS fractions and appeared to be absent. This latter finding, verified from cytochemistry with isolated DLS fractions and, in situ, from [3H]galactose incorporation by testis tubules with analysis by autoradiography, provides the first clear biochemical characteristic that serves unequivocally to distinguish DLS from conventional Golgi apparatus. PMID- 3922621 TI - Survival of dissociated adrenal chromaffin cells of rat and monkey transplanted into rat brain. AB - Adrenal chromaffin cells from adult rats and monkeys were mechanically dissociated and implanted into the striatum of adult rats by stereotaxic injection. Rat chromaffin cells survived (5%) and showed differentiation by forming processes 1 h-28 days after implantation. Monkey chromaffin cells survived for 48 h but showed very little formation of processes. The method presented allows rapid nonenzymatic dissociation and transplantation of adrenal medullary cells. PMID- 3922622 TI - Fusion images and intramembrane particle aggregates during the action of antidiuretic hormone. A rapid-freeze study. AB - Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) causes the appearance of water-conducting particle aggregates in the luminal membrane of receptor cells in amphibian bladder and skin, and in the mammalian collecting duct. The aggregates originate from cytoplasmic tubules that fuse with the luminal membrane during ADH stimulation. We have studied the process of fusion and the structure of the particle aggregates by a rapid-freeze technique that renders chemical fixation and glycerol protection unnecessary. Our findings differ in some important respects from previously published work. Aggregate particles, in our study, partition equally between the external (EF) and protoplasmic (PF) membrane leaflets, rather than remaining in the protoplasmic leaflet exclusively. By including the entire population of fusion images in our survey, we have found that aggregate delivery in ADH-treated cells proceeds preferentially from small fusion images whose diameter is significantly less than the 0.12 micron characteristic of the carrier tubules themselves. We have also found that, even in unstimulated preparations, fusion images are numerous, being mostly of small diameter. ADH stimulation produces a moderate increase in the number of fusion images and a significant increase in fusion-image diameter. These findings indicate that the individual particles are mobile within the membrane, lacking interparticle linkage. In addition, contact of cytoplasmic tubules with the luminal membrane may take place even in the absence of ADH, producing small fusion images which are not associated with aggregate delivery to the luminal membrane. PMID- 3922623 TI - Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)-immunoreactive neurons in the mammillary body of the rat. AB - The presence and distribution of CRF-immunoreactive cells and nerve fibers were studied in the mammillary body of the rat, 12 days after placing various types of lesions within the hypothalamus. Anterior and anteriolateral cuts, placed in the midhypothalamus immediately behind the paraventricular nuclei resulted in an almost complete disappearance of CRF-immunoreactive fibers from the median eminence and simultaneous appearance of CRF-containing neurons in the mammillary body. Posterior or postero-lateral hypothalamic cuts carried out in front of the mammillary body caused the accumulation of CRF-immunoreactive material in neurons and neural processes located behind the cut-line. This type of intervention had no effect on the quantity of CRF fibers in the median eminence. A cut running through the central part of the mammillary body in the frontal plane resulted in appearance of CRF neurons only in the posterior half of the mammillary region. Placing a cut behind and over the mammillary body, CRF-immunoreactive neurons became detectable below the superior cut-line. No immunoreactive neurons were observed in the mammillary body when the frontal cut reached the base of the brain at the posterior border of the nucleus, leaving intact its anterior and superior connections. In all these cases when the mammillo-thalamic tract was transected, CRF neurons became detectable in the mammillary body. PMID- 3922624 TI - Stimulus-permeability coupling in rat pulmonary macrophages challenged by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. An X-ray microanalysis study. AB - Electron probe X-ray microanalysis (XRMA) of freeze-dried ultrathin sections provides the capability of measuring intracellular elemental content. This methodology was used to investigate the stimulus-permeability coupling responses associated with phagocytosis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by cultured pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAMs) of rats. PAMs were challenged with P. aeruginosa suspended in Gey's buffer at a bacteria to PAM ratio of 50:1 for 1 h at 37 degrees C. A 1-mm3 pellet of the unchallenged control PAMs, challenged PAMs and P. aeruginosa alone was quench-frozen in nitrogen-cooled, liquid propane, and 0.1 micron cryosections were cut at -100 degrees C. X-ray spectra were collected for nucleus and cytoplasm of 39 control PAMs, 36 challenged PAMs and 40 P. aeruginosa. Concentrations (mmole/kg dry weight) were obtained for Na, Cl, K, Ca, Mg, P, S for each cell. In the control PAMs, the content was similar to other mammalian cells. Moreover, there were no differences in elemental content between nucleus an cytoplasm. In the challenged PAMs, Na concentration was 4 times that of control PAMs (p less than 0.001) whereas Cl was double (p less than 0.001), K was 29% lower (p less than 0.001), and Ca was 4 times higher (p less than 0.05). The elemental concentration profile in the P. aeruginosa was distinctly different from that of the PAMs: higher Na, Ca, Mg, but lower Cl and K values. These results demonstrated elemental content changes in cultured PAMs challenged with P. aeruginosa that indicate a stimulus-permeability response by membranes associated with the phagocytic process. PMID- 3922625 TI - [Diagnostic value of the indirect hemagglutination microtechnic (with glutaric dialdehyde fixation) used in detecting human toxoplasmosis]. PMID- 3922626 TI - [Diagnostic value of the Ascoli test in anthrax]. PMID- 3922627 TI - Identification of prion amyloid filaments in scrapie-infected brain. AB - Extracellular collections of abnormal filaments composed of prion proteins have been identified in the brains of scrapie-infected hamsters using immunoelectron microscopy. Some of the filaments were 1500 nm in length; generally, they exhibited a uniform diameter of 16 nm. Rarely, the filaments had a twisted appearance, raising the possibility that they are flattened cylinders or are composed of helically wound protofilaments. The prion filaments possess the same diameter and limited twisting as the shorter rod-shaped particles observed in purified preparations of prions. Both the filaments and rods are composed of PrP 27-30 molecules, as determined by immunoelectron microscopy using affinity purified antibodies. The ultrastructural features of the prion filaments are similar to those reported for amyloid in many tissues including brain. These results provide the first evidence that prion proteins assemble into filaments within the brain and that these filaments accumulate in extracellular spaces to form amyloid plaques. PMID- 3922628 TI - Macrophage-mediated suppression of immune responses in Toxoplasma-infected mice. II. Both H-2-linked and -nonlinked control of induction of suppressor macrophages. AB - The suppressive effect of Toxoplasma infection on initiation of memory cells to dinitrophenylated keyhole limpet hemocyanin (DNP-KLH) was drastically different among inbred strains of mice. C57BL/6 (B6), C57BL/10 (B10), and SJL mice showed markedly suppressed secondary anti-DNP responses when infected. In contrast, the suppression did not occur in BALB/c mice. The infected DBA/2 and C3H/He mice produced moderately suppressed responses. In B6 mice, an injection with 1 X 10(2) organisms of T. gondii induced a suppressed elicitation of the memory cells to DNP-KLH. However, in BALB/c mice, the responses were not affected even by inoculation with 1 X 10(4) organisms. The difference in the suppressive effect of infection between B6 and BALB/c mice was also observed in the primary anti-DNP antibody responses to DNP-KLH. Both H-2-linked and -nonlinked genes appeared to be responsible for the regulation of the immunosuppression, since the suppressive effect of infection in B10.D2 mice, which have the B10 background and the same H 2 haplotype as BALB/c, was weaker than that of B10 mice, but stronger than in BALB/c mice. In vitro studies using a primary anti-sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) antibody response system demonstrated that the activation of plastic-adherent suppressor cells by Toxoplasma infection, in which suppressor macrophages have been proved to be the responsible cells for the suppressive activity, was controlled by both H-2-linked and -nonlinked genes. PMID- 3922629 TI - J-chain expression in human cells producing IgG subclasses. AB - Previous studies have demonstrated that J chain is expressed not only in cells that produce polymeric immunoglobulins, but also in those engaged in synthesis of monomers including IgG and IgD. The presence of J chain in these cells suggested that its role may not be restricted to the formation of polymers. For the present study, fluorochrome-labeled polyclonal anti-J-chain and monoclonal antibodies to IgG subclasses were used to determine the distribution of J chain in IgG plasma cells from normal human tissues and from pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-stimulated human peripheral blood lymphocytes. The results indicate that J chain is not equally distributed among cells producing different IgG subclasses. The percentages of PWM-stimulated cells containing J chain were: 22 +/- 5 (SE) for IgG1, 49 +/- 6 for IgG2, 17 +/- 7 for IgG3, and 64 +/- 11 for IgG4. Examination of sections of various human lymphoid tissues revealed that the frequency of IgG cells that coexpressed J chain was lower than that observed in the PWM system and displayed variable distribution among IgG subclasses. The frequency of J-chain expression in IgG-producing cells may be related to the degree of cellular maturation and may differ according to the origin of cells. PMID- 3922630 TI - Effects of the methanol extraction residue (MER) tubercle bacillus fraction on the production of antibodies in vitro. III. Consequence of prior sensitization to MER. AB - Mice repeatedly immunized with the methanol extraction residue fraction of tubercle bacilli (MER) in incomplete Freund's adjuvant produced high titers of circulating antibodies against MER, as assessed by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Spleen cells derived from these animals failed to respond to the usual nonspecific immunopotentiating influence of MER on the primary production of antibodies (generation of specific plaque-forming cells) in vitro to sheep red blood cells. The defect was expressed by B lymphocytes and splenic macrophages, but not by splenic T lymphocytes or peritoneal exudate macrophagic cells. Impaired responsiveness by spleen cells from MER-immunized animals to nonspecific immunostimulation was also expressed with regard to another, unrelated biological response modifier, lipopolysaccharide. There was no impairment of responsiveness to polyclonal mitogenic stimulation. Possible mechanisms of the effects described are discussed. PMID- 3922631 TI - Lymphoma models for B-cell activation and tolerance. II. Growth inhibition by anti-mu of WEHI-231 and the selection and properties of resistant mutants. AB - Regulation of the growth of murine B-cell lymphomas has been used as a model for tolerance induction. The inhibition by anti-immunoglobulin reagents of the growth of WEHI-231 and several variant clones has now been studied. The parental line is exquisitely sensitive to growth inhibition by heterologous or monoclonal anti-mu or anti-k reagents and ceases to incorporate thymidine within 24-48 hr of exposure to anti-immunoglobulin reagents. Growth inhibition is initially reversible, but prolonged exposure to anti-mu results in cell death. This inhibition is specific for immunoglobulin light and heavy chains since growth is not inhibited by antibodies directed at either class I or class II histocompatibility antigens. In order to study the mechanism of growth inhibition, we have mutagenized WEHI-231 with ethylmethane sulfonate and cloned the surviving colonies in the presence of anti-mu. Such variants, which have been repeatedly recloned, are able to grow normally in the presence of anti-mu up to 100 micrograms/ml. These "resistant" clones, while expressing amounts of surface IgM similar to that observed on WEHI-231, do not differ markedly in their ability to cap their immunoglobulin receptors compared to the parental line but appear to have lost class II antigens. Cell cycle analysis revealed that anti-mu causes a block in the transition of WEHI-231 from G1 to S phase. The relevance of these processes to models of B-cell tolerance induction are discussed. PMID- 3922633 TI - A Chinese hamster ovary cell mutant resistant to aphidicolin. AB - A triple (aphr ara-Ar and araCr) mutant (AP7) of Chinese hamster ovary cells resistant to DNA polymerase inhibitors is described. The aphidicolin-resistance of the mutant was stable and inherited as a dominant genetic trait. The DNA polymerase alpha from the wild type (aphs) and the mutant (aphr) cells differed in their elution profiles on DEAE-cellulose chromatography and in their molecular weights which were 192,000 for the wild type (CHO-K-1, AC6a) and 165,000 for the mutant (AP7) enzymes. PMID- 3922632 TI - Characteristics of T cells involved in the expression of delayed hypersensitivity and tumor rejection immunity to 13762A rat mammary adenocarcinoma. AB - The 13762A rat mammary adenocarcinoma is poorly immunogenic and metastasizes with high frequency to regional lymph nodes and lungs. Tumor rejection immunity (TRI) may be readily transferred with oil-induced peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) from immune rats but the transfer of delayed hypersensitivity (DH) was less reliable. The purposes of the present study were: (1) to compare the optimum conditions for transfer of DH and TRI; (2) to determine whether the TRI effectors were derived from cells which recently divided in the donor; (3) to determine the relative sensitivity of DH and TRI effectors to treatment with radiation and mitomycin C; and (4) to identify the phenotypes of the T-cell subsets responsible for transfer of DH and TRI. The results indicate that transfer of DH requires more cells or a longer interval between transfer and challenge than did TRI. Treatment of the donor with vinblastine (VBL) or hydroxyurea (HU) continuously for 5 days prior to harvest of PEC impairs effectiveness of transferred DH and TRI. This indicates that the effectors proliferated during the period before harvest of the PEC. Treatment of the PEC in vitro with mitomycin C or gamma-radiation eliminates transfer of DH and TRI, but DH is more radiosensitive than TRI. T-cell subsets were identified with the monoclonal antibodies W3/13 (pan-T), W3/25 (helpers), and OX8 (cytotoxic/suppressors). The TRI effectors are nonadherent and express W3/13, W3/25, or OX8 antigens. The, DH effectors are also nonadherent but expressed only W3/13 or W3/25 antigens. Thus, DH systemic adoptive transfer requires more cells or a shorter interval between transfer and challenge than TRI. Both DH and TRI effectors replicate in the donors prior to transfer. The DH effectors are helper T cells but TRI effectors include cells with helper or cytotoxic T-cell marker antigens. We conclude that TRI and DH are probably functions of two T-cell subsets which differed in radiation sensitivity and membrane phenotype. CY pretreatment of the recipients of immune PEC potentiate TRI. The potentiated effects are reduced if the recipients are given nonadherent spleen cells. The responsible cells expressed W3/13 and W3/25 antigens. Thus, CY potentiation is attributed to the depletion of precursors of suppressor T cells. PMID- 3922634 TI - 4-Dimethylaminoazobenzenes: carcinogenicities and reductive cleavage by microsomal azo reductase. AB - Twenty-four 4-dimethylaminoazobenzenes (DABs) in which systematic structural modifications have been made in the prime ring have been studied for substrate specificity for microsomal azo reductase. The DABs were also evaluated for carcinogenicity and it was found that there was no correlation between carcinogenicity and extent of azo bond cleavage by azo reductase. While any substituent in the prime ring reduces the rate of cleavage of the azo bond relative to the unsubstituted dye, there is a correlation between substituent size and susceptibility to the enzyme. Substituent size was also found to be a significant factor in the induction of hepatomas by the dyes. Preliminary studies have shown that there appears to be a positive correlation between microsomal riboflavin content and the activity of the azo reductase. PMID- 3922635 TI - Depurination of benzo[a]pyrene-diolepoxide treated DNA. AB - Rat liver DNA was treated in vitro with benzo[a]pyrene-diolepoxide (BPDE), the ultimate carcinogenic metabolite derived from the polycyclic hydrocarbon benzo[a]pyrene. On incubation of the reacted DNA, apurinic sites developed which gave rise to strand breakage in alkaline solution. The reduction in molecular weight produced by these breaks was measured by analytical ultracentrifugation. In the case of anti-BPDE this depurination was shown to occur in two stages. The first was mainly due to attack at the 7-position of guanine, to yield an adduct which was lost from the DNA within a few hours. The second stage was due to much slower loss of the major N2-guanine adduct. The separated enantiomers, (+)- and ( )-anti-BPDE, and syn-BPDE all caused depurination to various extents. It is argued that although these processes are important in a study of the action of BPDE on DNA in vitro, their contribution to the biological activity of BPDE is probably negligible. PMID- 3922636 TI - Lack of effect of long-term glutathione administration on aflatoxin B1-induced hepatoma in male rats. AB - The effect of long-term GSH administration on aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-induced carcinogenesis in the livers of male Wistar II rats was evaluated. No significant effect of an 11 months period of reduced glutathione (GSH) administration was observed concerning both the survival curve and the incidence of liver tumors. Liver tissues of all animals were bearing tumors or nodular lesions 24 months after AFB1 treatment, regardless of GSH treatment. The capacity of the GSH conjugation system was elevated in the liver tissue of AFB1-treated animals both by an increase of GSH content and an increase of the specific activities of several GSH S-transferase isoenzymes. Likewise the specific activities of GSH related enzymes as GSSG reductase and gamma-glutamyltransferase (gamma-GT) and the activity of the GSH independent detoxication system NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase were increased in the AFB1-treated livers, there was no significant effect of GSH treatment. These results demonstrate that long-term GSH treatment has no effect on the survival of AFB1-pretreated male rats on the incidence of liver tumors and on the activities of drug metabolizing systems. The hepatic detoxication capacity 24 months after AFB1 treatment is elevated. PMID- 3922637 TI - Repair of benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide damaged bacteriophage T7 DNA determined by survival of phage made by in vitro packaging. AB - DNA from bacteriophage T7 was treated with benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide (BPDE) and the number of covalently bound adducts per T7 genome was determined. BPDE treated T7 DNA was then incubated in an in vitro DNA packaging system so as to form infective T7 phage. The observed reduced survival of these phage measured with Escherichia coli uvrA- indicator bacteria showed that the BPDE treated DNA was in fact utilized by the in vitro packaging system and that the resulting phage contained DNA damage caused by in vitro exposure to BPDE. T7 DNA damage by BPDE was also incubated in an in vitro DNA repair system that used partially purified uvrABC proteins from E. coli. Alkaline sucrose gradient analysis demonstrated that nicks were introduced into the damaged DNA and that these incisions were repaired to yield nearly intact DNA molecules of about the size of a T7 genome. Encapsulation of the repaired DNA with the packaging system yielded phage that showed higher survival than the unrepaired control when plated on uvrA- indicator bacteria. PMID- 3922638 TI - [The ratio of a formalin and potassium permanganate preparation in a sealed container and its bacteriocidal effect]. PMID- 3922639 TI - Hexamethylmelamine, adriamycin, and cyclophosphamide (HAC) versus cis dichlorodiamineplatinum, adriamycin, and cyclophosphamide (PAC) in advanced ovarian cancer: a randomized clinical trial. AB - After stratification according to diameter of the largest residual tumor, 120 previously untreated ovarian cancer patients were randomized to receive adriamycin and cyclophosphamide in combination with hexamethylmelamine (HAC) or cis-dichlorodiamineplatinum (PAC). The surgical response rates were 66% to HAC and 70% to PAC, with median times to progression of 14 and 22 months and median survival times of 23 and 24 months, respectively. In patients with residual tumor greater than 2 cm the surgical response rates to HAC and PAC were 56% and 63%, with complete response rates of 13% and 21%, respectively. In two of five complete responders to HAC there has still been no progression at 38 and 48 months, with a median response duration of 25 months. Only one of the nine complete responders to PAC has relapsed, at 33 months, while in the eight others response is maintained at follow-up times of 35-64 months. Myelosuppression was generally mild and similar in the two arms. No significant nonhematological toxicity was reported. It is concluded that at a median follow-up time of 36 months HAC is as effective as PAC in terms of response, duration of remission, and survival in previously untreated advanced ovarian cancer. PMID- 3922640 TI - Beta-2-microglobulin excretion: an indicator of long term nephrotoxicity during cis-platinum treatment? AB - To evaluate the value of beta-2-microglobulin as an indicator of acute and long term cis-platinum-induced nephrotoxicity, 51Cr-EDTA clearance and serum concentration and urinary excretion of beta-2-microglobulin were measured in 18 patients treated with a regimen including cis-platinum. Before treatment all values were within the normal range. During treatment 51Cr-EDTA clearance decreased from 108 to 90 ml/min/1.73 m2 (P less than 0.02). The decrease was irreversible, while a transient 2 to 5-fold increase in beta-2-microglobulin excretion in the urine was seen during treatment. Serum beta-2-microglobulin remained unchanged. The decrease in 51Cr-EDTA clearance was not correlated to either the peak increase in the beta-2-microglobulin excretion or to the time of occurrence of the peak (R = 0.3). Thus, it is not possible to predict the long term nephrotoxicity of cis-platinum by measuring the beta-2-microglobulin excretion during treatment. PMID- 3922641 TI - Cyclic combination chemotherapy in advanced adenocarcinoma of the lung: comparison of two FAM schedules. AB - Forty patients with advanced adenocarcinoma of the lung were treated by two FAM chemotherapy schedules. Group A (20 patients) received Futraful, adriamycin, and mitomycin C, and group B (20 patients) received 5-fluorouracil, adriamycin, and mitomycin C. The response/stabilization rate was greater for group B (4 partial responses + 4 cases of stable disease) than for group A (no responders + 5 cases of stable disease), and the median survival was longer for group B (32 weeks) than for group A (22 weeks), although the differences did not reach statistical significance in either case (P greater than 0.05). Myelotoxicity was mild in both schedules. Further studies of the two FAM schemes at an escalated dose would be worthwhile. PMID- 3922642 TI - Autoimmune myocarditis induced by Trypanosoma cruzi. AB - Antiheart immune reactions have been reported in patients with Chagas' disease, and we have postulated that the observed cardiac lesions are mediated by autoimmune antiheart reactions elicited by the etiologic agent Trypanosoma cruzi. In this report, BALB/c mice infected with a low inoculum of T. cruzi developed splenic lymphocyte cytotoxicity against normal syngeneic neonatal cardiac myofibers in vitro 150 days after infection, whereas splenic lymphocytes obtained from mice at 15, 45, 90, or 120 days after infection or from matched controls did not. No antiheart antibody or antibody-directed cellular cytotoxicity was observed, nor was there an increase in natural killer cell activity. Hearts from mice studied at 150 days after infection showed mononuclear cell myocarditis with myocytolysis in the absence of intracellular T. cruzi forms. Hearts from the other mice did not exhibit any histologic changes. Other reports from our laboratory have identified a cross-reacting antigen (SRA) shared by T. cruzi and striated muscle. Immunization of BALB/c mice with SRA produced immunopathogenic dynamics similar to those seen with long-term T. cruzi infection. Collectively these data indicate that the cardiac lesions seen in patients with Chagas' disease may be attributed to autoimmune reactions elicited by cross-reacting antigens of T. cruzi and striated muscle. PMID- 3922643 TI - Effect of disodium cromoglycate on anti-IgE induced early and late skin response in humans. AB - The effect of the anti-allergic drug disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) on immediate and late responses to anti-human IgE was examined in thirteen healthy subjects. DSCG, 250 micrograms, applied intradermally together with anti-IgE had no effect on the immediate flare and weal response, whereas the following late phase response, 1-24 hr, was attenuated by 15% (P less than 0.05, at 6 hr P less than 0.01). This effect varied between individuals (P less than 0.01) and was reproduced in a second trial in DSCG-responders and non-responders (P less than 0.01, n = 8). The results support the view that DSCG has no effect on the immediate mast cell derived response in human skin but can inhibit the development of late reactions. This mechanism might account for some of the anti allergic effects of the drug. PMID- 3922644 TI - Interleukin 2 receptor expressing T cells during acute allergy. PMID- 3922645 TI - Sensitive immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) for serum thyrotropin may be insufficient to make the thyrotropin-releasing-factor test unnecessary. PMID- 3922646 TI - A sensitive immunoradiometric assay for gamma interferon, suitable for its measurement in serum. PMID- 3922647 TI - Cholesterol concentration in serum-plasma pairs differs because of water shift from blood cells. PMID- 3922648 TI - Modified colorimetry of free fatty acids in plasma in the presence of valproic acid. PMID- 3922649 TI - Fluorometric assay of alpha-L-iduronidase in serum for detection of affected and carrier animals in a canine model of mucopolysaccharidosis I. AB - We investigated measuring serum alpha-L-iduronidase (EC 3.2.1.76) by a sensitive fluorometric assay in 28 members of a canine family with mucopolysaccharidosis I. If assayed on the day of collection, serum was an acceptable specimen for identifying affected, carrier, and normal dogs. The overall correlation (r) between iduronidase activity in serum and mononuclear leukocytes was 0.966. However, iduronidase was extremely labile in serum refrigerated or frozen for 48 h. PMID- 3922650 TI - Complete urinary excretion profile of 5-fluorouracil during a six-day chemotherapeutic schedule, as resolved by 19F nuclear magnetic resonance. AB - We determined the urinary excretion of 5-fluorouracil (5FU) and its metabolites during six days of chemotherapy, using the non-invasive approach of 19F nuclear magnetic resonance. With this method, which requires no labeled drug, one can study the biological sample directly and simultaneously identify and quantify all the fluorinated metabolites. The daily urinary excretion of 5FU and its metabolites was high (94.8% of 5FU administered) and nearly constant all during the treatment. By far the major excreted catabolite was alpha-fluoro-beta alanine, which made up 78.9% of the total. Unchanged 5FU (10.8% of dose injected) was found only during the first 2 h after injection. We observed neither accumulation of 5FU nor modifications in its metabolism during the treatment. PMID- 3922651 TI - Kinetic nephelometric determination of transthyretin and retinol-binding protein in neonatal serum. AB - We have developed a kinetic immunonephelometric method for the determination of retinol-binding protein and modified the method of Jacob et al (Clin Chem 1983; 29: 564) for the determination of transthyretin (prealbumin) in neonatal serum specimens from small, premature infants. The methodologies allow detection of 17.5 mg/l transthyretin and 1.7 mg/l retinol-binding protein in 25 microliter of serum. Between-run precision studies using pooled neonatal serum gave CV values of 3% and 5-6% for transthyretin and retinol-binding protein, respectively. Results obtained for neonatal specimens using this method agreed well with those obtained for the same specimens using radial immunodiffusion. Mean (SD) serum concentrations for 39 neonatal specimens were 100.4 (46.6) and 26.3 (10.8) mg/l for transthyretin and retinol-binding protein, respectively. PMID- 3922652 TI - Clinical studies on plasma fibronectin and factor XIII; with special reference to hyperlipoproteinemia. AB - When compared to age-matched normal weight normolipidemic control subjects, plasma factor XIII, plasma fibronectin and serum cholinesterase levels were found to be markedly decreased in patients with decompensated cirrhosis of the liver, not significantly changed in hyperlipoproteinemia type IIa (heterozygous subjects) and increased in hypertriglyceridemic subjects (type IIb and IV) as well as in hyperlipidemic nephrotic patients. A possible accelerated hepatic synthesis of certain plasma proteins including factor XIII and fibronectin in patients with the nephrotic syndrome as well as in endogenous hypertriglyceridemia is envisaged. It is also considered that mural thrombi, richer in factor XIII and fibronectin, would be more resistant to fibrinolysis and more readily attached to subendothelial structures. PMID- 3922653 TI - Impaired interleukin regulation of the phytohemagglutinin response in Hodgkin's disease. AB - Patients with active Hodgkin's disease (HD) often demonstrate an impaired T-cell proliferative response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA). The present study examined if interleukin regulation of the PHA response was defective in HD. The Hodgkin's PHA response was impaired at all concentrations of PHA utilized. Indomethacin increased the proliferative response but did not bring it to control levels. Stimulation of the cells with both PHA and irradiated Ia+ B cells normalized proliferation despite identical PGE2 concentrations as in the PHA alone cultures. Hodgkin's monocytes produced normal amounts of interleukin 1 (IL-1). Interleukin 2 (IL-2) production by Hodgkin's T cells was decreased in the PHA stimulated cultures, but was normal in the PHA and Ia+ cell stimulated cultures. In response to PHA stimulation alone, Hodgkin's T cells expressed less IL-2 receptor than control cells. The data suggest the diminished PHA response in HD is due to impaired IL-2 production resulting in diminished IL-2 receptor expression. However, when an Ia+ cell source is added to PHA as an additional stimulator, both TCGF production and proliferation are normalized. Monocytes serve to modulate the magnitude of the PHA response through production of both interleukin 1 and PGE2. However, in the presence of sufficient IL-2 production the influence of monocytes is minimized. PMID- 3922654 TI - Catheter-induced spasm during spontaneous attack of variant angina. AB - The simultaneous occurrences of spontaneous spasm and catheter-induced spasm during coronary angiography were obtained in 3 patients. Catheter-induced spasm was seen in the right coronary artery in 3 patients: 1 patient had spontaneous spasm in the distal right coronary artery and 2 patients had spontaneous spasm in the proximal left anterior descending coronary artery. These findings suggest that patients with variant angina may be susceptible to mechanical induction of spasm. PMID- 3922655 TI - [Two autopsy cases of adult-type acid maltase deficiency with vacuolation of cerebral arterial walls]. PMID- 3922656 TI - Long-term follow-up after iodine-131 treatment for Plummer's disease (autonomous goiter). AB - A follow-up study is presented in 88 patients treated with I-131 for Plummer's disease (localized autonomous thyroid function, either multifocal or as a solitary nodule) one to 17 years before the present study. Studies included clinical examination, scintigraphy, and function tests. One patient was hypothyroid, seven were marginally hyperthyroid, and five still received low dose antithyroid drugs. Of 75 euthyroid patients, the thyrotropin (TSH) response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) was absent in 16 (generally with scintigraphic evidence of autonomous function), subnormal in 20, and normal in 39. A single autonomous nodule prior to treatment was found relatively frequently in males and in patients with a normal TRH test at follow-up. Most goiters had become smaller and one third of all solitary nodules could not be detected anymore. Autonomous function at follow-up was probably due to residual rather than recurrent disease in most, if not all, cases. It is concluded that I-131 therapy is at least as satisfactory as partial thyroidectomy in the treatment of Plummer's disease; lifelong follow-up was not found to be necessary. PMID- 3922657 TI - Detection of clinically unsuspected pyometrium with indium-111 leukocyte scintigraphy. PMID- 3922658 TI - Chemotherapy of cervical cancer. AB - Chemotherapy of cervical cancer is a difficult problem. The cancer is chemosensitive but the ability to express that chemosensitivity may be modified by previous radiotherapy and inadequate renal function. Regimens are available which will produce remissions with increase in survival in patients with advanced disease. The use of cisplatin-containing regimens is limited to a select group of patients in whom renal function is adequate. Details of recommended regimens have been given within this chapter. When all else has failed, bromocriptine 2.5 mg twice daily may produce long remissions but unfortunately only in a small percentage of patients. In the future chemotherapy will be used more frequently in the initial management of the patient prior to potentially curative surgery or radiotherapy in the hope of improving overall survival. PMID- 3922660 TI - The effect of valproate on blood metabolite concentrations in spontaneously diabetic, ketoacidotic, BB/E Wistar rats. AB - Valproate is an effective anticonvulsant which is rarely associated with hepatotoxicity. It has profound effects on the intermediary metabolism of isolated rat hepatocytes. In this paper the effect of valproate on blood metabolite concentrations in spontaneously diabetic BB/E rats has been studied. Valproate causes a marked fall in blood ketone body concentrations and a smaller fall in blood glucose concentrations following either oral or intraperitoneal administration. Valproate may have a role in the treatment of patients with "brittle" diabetes. PMID- 3922659 TI - Concentration-effect relationships of valproic acid. AB - Valproic acid is an effective broad spectrum anticonvulsant drug. It has a relatively short half-life, and large diurnal fluctuations in serum concentrations occur, thus making it difficult to define clear relationships between individual serum concentrations and either therapeutic or adverse effects. The value of routine 'one-off' measurements of valproate in clinical practice are further reduced by the absence of a clearly defined dose-related neurotoxicity syndrome. The often quoted therapeutic range for valproate of 50 to 100 mg/L has therefore to be regarded with some circumspection, although available data does suggest an increased incidence of adverse reactions with serum concentrations above 100 mg/L. PMID- 3922661 TI - Assays for Sm and RNP antibodies: pitfalls and technical considerations. AB - Sm antibodies are a specific serum marker for the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and a high titer of RNP antibodies in the absence of other antinuclear antibodies (ANA) is highly suggestive of the diagnosis of mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD); therefore, specificity is a very important aspect of the assays for these antibodies. Currently in the clinical laboratory, double immunodiffusion (ID) is the most specific of the assays for anti-Sm and RNP. When 74 sera from patients with various systemic rheumatic diseases were assayed by counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE) with ID as the reference method, three sera contained nonspecific (non-Sm) precipitin lines in the assay for anti Sm and three sera contained nonspecific (non-RNP) precipitin lines in the assay for RNP. Precipitin lines formed by the common antinuclear antibodies are more clearly separated by ID than CIE and care must be taken to avoid false identification of precipitin lines with CIE. Indirect immunofluorescence is recommended for ANA screening, ID for definitive antibody identification, and CIE for antibody quantification. PMID- 3922662 TI - MHC class II antigen expression on the various cells of normal and activated isolated pancreatic islets. AB - It is the aim of this study to characterize and quantify the cells within isolated rat islets that express MHC class II antigens. A set of five monoclonal antibodies and two polyclonal antisera of defined specificity were used in combination with a newly devised procedure for three-dimensional immunofluorescence evaluation of intact islets. It is shown that in addition to passenger cells, such as lymphocytes, macrophages, and dendriticlike cells, vascular endothelial and endocrine cells are also capable of expressing class II antigens. This expression is strongly influenced by in vitro culture, pregnancy, streptozotocin-induced diabetes, transplantation trauma, and alloantigenic stimuli. The possible role of the above cells in antigen presentation related to islet transplantation is discussed. PMID- 3922663 TI - Transport by gas-phase diffusion: lessons learned from the hen's egg. AB - Diffusive gas transport obeys laws which differ from those of convective transport. Diffusive gas transport can be described as an elite transport system because it not only distinguishes between O2, CO2, and water vapor molecules, but it is also influenced by barometric pressure and the presence of particular inert gas species. In the presence of air binary diffusion coefficients are applicable, but in the presence of He or SF6 effective diffusion coefficients must be used. By contrast, convective transport is an egalitarian transport system which conveys O2, CO2, and water vapor without discrimination at any altitude or in the presence of any inert gas mixture. Experiments in progress offer the opportunity to delineate for the first time precise diffusion-perfusion ratios and their effects upon the gas-space O2 and CO2 tensions. PMID- 3922664 TI - SBT-CO2: a new method for the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism? PMID- 3922665 TI - Gas exchange during mechanical ventilation. AB - In an experimental model using a Servo-ventilator (Siemens-Elema, Sweden) oxygen consumption (V'O2) and carbon dioxide production (V'CO2) were measured at varying FIO2. Gas exchange was simulated by adding N2 or CO2 to the inspiratory line of the ventilator. Inspiratory and expiratory gases were collected in Douglas bags for analyses by a mass spectrometer. The residual standard deviation for the regression of measured V'O2 on predicted V'O2 was 14 ml/min and did not significantly differ from the line of identity. For V'CO2 the corresponding residual standard deviation was 3 ml/min. This regression line deviated by -3% from the line of identity. PMID- 3922666 TI - Deadspace during high frequency jet ventilation: the effects of frequency, inspiratory time and entrainment. PMID- 3922667 TI - Pulmonary blood flow determination with selective rebreathing of CO2. AB - A new CO2-based non-invasive method for pulmonary blood flow has been developed. Selective rebreathing of CO2 was obtained in an open-circuit system by measuring the expired instantaneous CO2 flux in the expired air and by mixing pure CO2 into the inspired air. The time course of the inspired PCO2 was altered so that end tidal PCO2 changed as a linear function of time (ramp). Pulmonary blood flow was computed as the ratio between the rate of change in net CO2 elimination (or uptake) and the concomitant rate of change of estimated arterial CO2 content. In comparison to simultaneously determined cardiac output by means of the O2 Fick method, the proposed CO2 ramp method underestimated cardiac output by some 20 per cent in 22 supine sedated patients with valvular heart disease. Differences in PCO2 between end-tidal gas and the gas in perfused alveoli are thought to be the main cause of this underestimation. PMID- 3922668 TI - Susceptibility testing with the sensititer breakpoint broth microdilution system. AB - The antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of a total of 318 aerobic and facultatively anaerobic bacteria (255 gram-negative bacilli and 63 gram-positive cocci) were determined, using a new commercially available breakpoint broth microdilution procedure (Sensititer Breakpoint System (SBS), Gibco Diagnostics, Inc., Madison, WI) that categorizes test results in the form of susceptibility categories: susceptible, intermediate, and resistant. Results obtained with the SBS were compared with those achieved with a standardized disk diffusion procedure. Among a total of 4,414 organism-antimicrobic comparisons, concordance between the results of the SBS and the disk diffusion procedure was observed in 3,888 cases (88.1%). Four hundred twenty-three (9.6%) minor discrepancies, 45 (1.0%) major discrepancies, and 58 (1.3%) very major discrepancies were noted. Arbitration of major and very major discrepancies with a full-range minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) procedure confirmed the results of the SBS in 53.4% of cases. A single organism-antimicrobial combination, the nonenterococcal streptococci tested against the aminoglycosides, yielded a significant number of very major errors which were arbitrated in favor of the disk diffusion result. These errors were probably due to poor growth of the test organism in the broth medium used for performing the SBS test (i.e., cation-supplemented Mueller-Hinton broth). With this exception, the SBS was found to be at least as accurate as the standardized disk diffusion procedure. PMID- 3922669 TI - Diagnosis related group reimbursement of hospital services in the United States: potential for introduction in Australia. PMID- 3922670 TI - Comparative studies of the neurofilament triplet protein peptide mapping by chemical cleavage. AB - Peptide mapping of the three neurofilament protein subunits with apparent mol. weights of 210 kDa, 160 kDa and 70 kDa was performed with two different reagents: CNBr, BNPS-Skatole leading to the cleavage of methionyl and tryptophanyl bonds respectively. With BrCN we obtained two large fragments resistant to the cleavage, with mol. wts of 85 kDa for the 160 kDa and 135 kDa for the 210 kDa neurofilament proteins respectively. These fragments were located on the C terminal part of the proteins (the tails) and correspond to specific regions responsible for their physiological identity. On the other hand, the cleavage with BNPS-Skatole at the tryptophanyl bonds gave similar patterns. The 210 kDa and 160 kDa neurofilament proteins gave a doublet of high mol. wt resistant to the cleavage, corresponding very likely to the C-terminal part and 4 fragments of mol. wt between 30 and 40 kDa corresponding to the N-terminal part. The neurofilament triplet share a common 30.5 kDa fragment located on the N-terminal part. From these peptide mapping studies, we conclude that the two neurofilament subunit proteins with mol. wts of 160 kDa and 210 kDa are different but related structures and that the CNBr characterized cleavage fragments of mol. wt 85,000 and 135 kDa are suitable polypeptides for sequence and immunological studies of the C-terminal part of these proteins. PMID- 3922671 TI - Comparison of the immunochemical responses by anti-NADPH-cytochrome c reductase of Tetrahymena pyriformis (strain NT-1) in protozoan cells and mammalian liver microsomes. AB - Comparison of the microsomal NADPH-cytochrome c reductase activities in the four Tetrahymena cells (pyriformis, strain GL and NT-1; thermophilia; ISO) and rat liver was studied. The reductase activity in strain NT-1 was lowest among four Tetrahymena cells grown at 24 degrees C. Rabbit antibody was prepared against the purified NADPH-cytochrome c reductase from Tetrahymena pyriformis (strain NT-1) microsomes. Microsomal NADPH-cytochrome c reductase activities in various Tetrahymena cells were inhibited in proportion to the amount of antibody added, in the order of GL greater than NT-1 greater than thermophilia greater than ISO. No inhibition of reductase activity by antibody was observed in rat liver microsomes. PMID- 3922672 TI - Metabolism of cytosine arabinoside in Tetrahymena pyriformis. AB - The metabolism of cytosine arabinoside (araC) in Tetrahymena pyriformis amicronucleate strain W was studied. araC inhibited cell multiplication and protein synthesis at concentrations higher than 0.1 and 0.25 M respectively. araC had no effect on protein synthesis. araC was converted to araCMP, araCDP and araCTP by homogenized cell preparations. A deaminase activity converted araC to uracil arabinoside. The deaminase activity totally inhibited by tetrahydrouridine (THU) at a concn of 4 X 10(-6) M. The Ki for THU was 8 X 10(-8) M. PMID- 3922673 TI - The endocrinological profile of normal menstrual cycles in a population of Chinese women. AB - Endocrinological profiles of normal menstrual cycles were studied in 41 Chinese women. Daily serum concentration of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), prolactin (PRL), estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) were determined by RIA. Thirty-four cycles were of normal length (26-35 days) and 6 cycles were prolonged up to 40 days with a follicular phase of 22-26 days. One cycle was anovulatory. Cyclical changes of LH, FSH, E2 and P were typical of ovulatory cycles in other populations as reported in the literature. In the normal cycle group the geometric mean of the LH midcycle peak level was 46 IU/1, the FSH peak was 10 IU/1, the preovulatory estradiol peak was 1229 pmol/1 and the progesterone luteal maximum was 50 nmol/1. The pattern of cyclical changes in the prolonged ovulatory cycles was similar to the normal length cycles, except that there were significantly higher levels of LH in both follicular and luteal phases, lower FSH in luteal phase, and lower progesterone in luteal phase. A majority of cycles had a midcycle elevation of prolactin and mean PRL levels in the late luteal phase were higher than those in the follicular phase. PMID- 3922674 TI - Long-term experience with Norplant contraceptive implants in Finland. AB - Silastic implants containing the progestin, levonorgestrel, were tested as a long term contraceptive system in 124 women. During five years of use no accidental pregnancy occurred. The first year continuation rate was 90% and the five-year continuation rate was 54%, including terminations for wish to become pregnant. The medically relevant continuation rate was 68% after five years. Menstrual irregularities were the most frequent reason for termination, but only in the first two years. 70% of the terminations for that reason occurred during the first two years. Terminations for other steroid-related reasons were infrequent. The follow-up will continue up to the end of the seventh year. Seven of seventeen women who requested removal of the implants because they wanted to become pregnant conceived during the first two cycles and only three were not pregnant one year after removal. PMID- 3922675 TI - Anovulation, inadequate luteal phase and poor sperm penetration in cervical mucus during prolonged use of Norplant implants. AB - Blood samples for progesterone assay were collected for a total of 49 cycles, from 27 volunteers using the NORPLANT system. Levonorgestrel determinations were carried out in the same samples. A group of 12 women with normal cycles were studied in the same manner to serve as controls. Of the 49 cycles studied, 20 (41%) were ovulatory. The mean levonorgestrel level in ovulatory patients was 0.34 +/- 0.11 ng/ml (S.D.) compared to 0.42 +/- 0.14 ng/ml (S.D.) in anovulatory cycles. Compared to the control group, progesterone levels were significantly lower for users of NORPLANT implants during days -12 to -10 (p less than 0.025), 9 to -7 (p less than 0.05), -6 to -4 (p less than 0.0005) and days -3 to -1 (p less than 0.01). Cervical mucus evaluations and post-coital tests were done around mid-cycle in 29 of the cycles studied. All samples of cervical mucus were of poor quality, viscous and scarce, with a mean SPK of 4.1 +/- 2.3 cm. Most had absent or atypical ferning. Twenty-one subjects (73%) had a post-coital score of 1, and 4 (14%) of zero. Thus, anovulation, inadequate luteal phase and the direct effect of the continuous administration of levonorgestrel over cervical function, all seem to contribute to the effectiveness of NORPLANT implants. PMID- 3922676 TI - Contraception with subdermal ST-1435 capsules: side-effects, endocrine profiles and liver function related to different lengths of capsules. AB - One Silastic capsule of 15 mm, 20 mm or 30 mm length was inserted subcutaneously into the ventral aspect of the left forearm or upper arm of 28 healthy women during menstrual bleeding or not later than on the seventh day of the menstrual cycle. A new capsule of the same length was inserted after six months and both capsules were removed twelve months after the first insertion. Side-effects, including changes in body weight, blood pressure, menstrual bleeding and liver function test results, were registered. Blood samples were taken from selected subjects twice a week during the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 6th, 7th and 12th month of use. Plasma concentrations of ST-1435 were measured by radioimmunoassay and the effects of treatment on pituitary and ovarian function were determined by assaying plasma concentrations of LH, FSH, estradiol and progesterone. There were no differences in hormonal side-effects between subjects who had a 30 mm capsule or subjects who had 20 mm or 15 mm capsules, but subjects who had 20 or 15 mm capsules had significantly longer bleeding or spotting periods in comparison with subjects who had a 30 mm capsule. There were no changes in blood pressure, body weight or liver function test results in comparison with pre-insertion values. The plasma level of ST-1435 was not significantly higher during the use of 30 mm capsules than during the use of 20 or 15 mm capsules. During the use of the shorter ST-1435 capsules, plasma estradiol elevation and slightly suppressed FSH were seen, while the use of longer capsules resulted in a slight suppression of LH. Progesterone concentrations during monitored cycles indicated anovulation. No pregnancies occurred during the study period of one year. The continuation rate at one year was 71% in the 30 mm capsule group and 57% in the 20 and 15 mm capsule groups taken together. PMID- 3922677 TI - Identification of osmotically active solutes in urine. AB - Measurement of the fractional excretion of sodium ions (FENa) and the urinary specific gravity (SG) aids considerably in the clinical assessment of fluid and Na+ balance. However, these determinations may not provide meaningful information if the patient has been treated with a diuretic. In particular, osmotic agents can affect circulating volume by causing natriuresis with a relatively high urinary SG, even in the face of volume and Na+ depletion. Two methods used frequently to identify osmotic diuretics were examined for accuracy. A new equation using the last two digits of SG was derived to identify osmotic agents without the need for an independent measurement of osmolality. The new equation was clearly superior to the more traditional formulas in that it identified accurately the presence of sodium diatrizoate, an ionized molecule, in each of 12 samples, whereas this contrast material was detected in only one sample by determining the difference between measured osmolality and the sum of the usual urinary constituents. A simplified version of the new formula was statistically as accurate as the more complex equation. PMID- 3922678 TI - Extracorporeal lung assist with a single catheter in puppies. AB - We devised a new veno-venous extracorporeal bypass circuit to be used with an artificial membrane lung for respiratory support in the newborn. A roller pump was activated intermittently when the reservoir filled. Capacitance detectors applied to the reservoir regulated blood flow through a thin-walled venous catheter. Extracorporeal lung assist with this circuit was tested on puppies ventilated with air at a rate of 2 to 4 breath/ min. At a mean blood flow rate of 37.2 +/- 12.1 ml/kg min, PaO2 and PaCO2 were maintained in the normal range. Veno venous extracorporeal lung assist with a single venous catheter may well become an excellent means of neonatal respiratory support in the future. PMID- 3922679 TI - Hypertrophic foci of pancreatic acinar cells in rats. AB - A morphologically distinctive type of pancreatic acinar cell foci, different from hyperplastic nodules and adenomas, in rats has been recognized for two decades. The lesions have been observed to occur spontaneously and to be induced experimentally. They consist of enlarged acinar cells with abundant cytoplasm of altered staining characteristics and prominent nuclei. There is, however, a wide divergence of opinion among investigators regarding the nature of the lesions. As a result of different interpretations and classifications, many terms have been given to them. Based on morphologic characteristics, the author has designated the lesions as hypertrophic foci, a descriptive morphological term. The biologic significance with particular reference to age and the relationship with acinar cell neoplasia is discussed. Also included in the review are similar lesions in other rodent species. PMID- 3922680 TI - Ileoanal pouch procedures. PMID- 3922681 TI - Reduction of postburn hypermetabolism by early enteral feeding. PMID- 3922682 TI - Archaebacteria and the origin of the eukaryotic cytoplasm. PMID- 3922683 TI - Seizures due to theophylline overdose. AB - We report two cases of seizure activity due to theophylline overdose with serum levels of theophylline of 26 and 26.3 micrograms/dl. Both patients had evidence of prior neurologic damage. A review of the literature is presented with discussion of the possible mechanism of this reaction at relatively low serum levels of the drug. In the patient with evidence of prior neurologic damage, frequent and careful monitoring of serum theophylline levels should be done. We concluded that drug dosage should be reduced and the possibility of seizure activity at lower serum concentration than would be otherwise anticipated should be kept in mind. PMID- 3922684 TI - Influence of aminoglycoside usage on susceptibilities. AB - Units of aminoglycosides issued from the hospital pharmacy and susceptibilities for Serratia marcescens and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were retrospectively analyzed for the years 1975-82. The use of gentamicin appears to select out for tobramycin resistant S. marcescens and gentamicin-, tobramycin-susceptible P. aeruginosa; whereas the use of tobramycin appears to select out for gentamicin-, tobramycin susceptible S. marcescens and gentamicin-resistant P. aeruginosa. PMID- 3922685 TI - Respiratory functional changes after caudal block in pediatric surgery. PMID- 3922686 TI - Anisodamine effects on functional and morphologic changes of platelets in endotoxinemic rabbits. PMID- 3922687 TI - Monoclonal immunoglobulins in malignant lymphoma. PMID- 3922688 TI - Determination of middle molecules in uremic patients. PMID- 3922689 TI - Left-sided heart contrast echocardiography by pulmonary wedge injection of hydrogen peroxide. PMID- 3922690 TI - Optic nerve head congenital pits. Report of a case. PMID- 3922691 TI - Early vascular grafting to prevent upper extremity necrosis after electrical burns. Indications for surgery. PMID- 3922692 TI - Assessment of left intraventricular block by scintigraphic analysis. PMID- 3922693 TI - The health and needs of children and adolescents in China. PMID- 3922694 TI - Antigenic variation of influenza A (H3N2) virus in relation to influenza epidemics in Shanghai (1968-1977). PMID- 3922695 TI - Occult impaired hearing among 'normal' school children in endemic goiter and cretinism areas due to iodine deficiency in Guizhou. PMID- 3922696 TI - Diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome and preliminary studies on its mechanism. PMID- 3922697 TI - [Reversal of duodenal passage]. PMID- 3922698 TI - Do the frequencies of sister chromatid exchanges in endoreduplicated mitoses provide a measure for lesion persistence and repair? AB - Endoreduplication was induced in V 79 cells using Colcemid. The concentration of Colcemid necessary to induce endoreduplication is about 1000 times higher than that needed to arrest mitoses or to induce ordinary tetraploid cells. Diplochromosomes with sister chromatid differentiation were obtained by adding BrdU for the duration of one cell cycle prior to the induction of endoreduplication. The induction of endoreduplication with Colcemid had no influence on the frequency of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs). Treating the cultures with mitomycin C (MMC) before adding BrdU increased the percentage of endoreduplicated mitoses and also led to marked SCE induction. In the diplochromosomes, the frequencies of both twin SCEs (first cycle) as well as single SCEs (second cycle) were increased. It was also found that the SCE frequencies in mitoses after endoreduplication were lower than the values found in diploid and ordinary tetraploid metaphases of the same preparation. The possible conclusions concerning the lifetime of SCE-inducing lesions and the influence of repair processes are discussed. PMID- 3922700 TI - [Peripheral vascular diseases: research methods and their clinical use]. PMID- 3922701 TI - [Pathogenesis of pupillary upward shift after cataract extraction]. PMID- 3922699 TI - Stereoscopic back-scattered electron imaging of silver-stained proteins in nucleoli. AB - By using simultaneously the AgNOR silver staining method, back-scattered electron imaging mode and stereo-tilt in scanning electron microscopy (SEM), it is possible to observe the nucleus through the cell surface, the nucleolus, and the tri-dimensional distribution of the Ag-NOR-associated acidic proteins. In C3H10T1:2 cells and their 7-12-dimethylbenz-alpha-anthracene-treated transformants, the staining demonstrates several intranucleolar silver-staining granules (SSG), surrounded by a weakly staining region. The SSG may represent the fibrillar center (FC) and the weakly staining region, the fibrillar dense component (FD). This component can link several SSG together to form a "rope-like structure". In cells with no visible nucleolus and inactive nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) the silver-staining granules are less numerous, close together and the presumed fibrillar dense components are not visible. The SSG are located more peripherally, and the weakly staining region and the "rope-like structure" are less prominent in control cell nucleoli than in transformed cells with a comparatively high rate of RNA synthesis. PMID- 3922702 TI - [Comparative studies of the non-contact and Goldmann applanation tonometers]. PMID- 3922703 TI - [Nature of myopia in young people]. PMID- 3922704 TI - [Comparative study of the clinical use of children's charts and international standard charts]. PMID- 3922705 TI - [Clinical application of the 6600 autorefractor]. PMID- 3922706 TI - [Experimental study of perforating eye injury--the role of prostaglandin in traumatic reactions]. PMID- 3922707 TI - [Fibrous proliferation in the vitreous after perforating injury of the posterior segment of the rabbit eye]. PMID- 3922708 TI - [Management of ciliary body detachment caused by contusion]. PMID- 3922709 TI - [Effect of corticosteroid on sympathetic ophthalmia in perforating eye injuries]. PMID- 3922710 TI - [Localization of intraocular foreign bodies based on anatomical landmarks in radiography]. PMID- 3922711 TI - [Clinical analysis of 122 cases of foreign bodies in the anterior chamber]. PMID- 3922712 TI - [Analysis and management of 20 cases of combined orbito-cranial injury]. PMID- 3922713 TI - [Genetic principles in primary angle-closure glaucoma]. PMID- 3922714 TI - Studies about induction of resistance to the reaction of grafts against their host. AB - The prevention of reactions of transplanter grafts against their host (GVHR)--the most serious obstacle to transplantations of allogenic bone marrow--still remains an actual problem. The results of studies about the conditions leading to the development of and about the basis of the resistance of /B10 X A/F1 hybrid mice to the GVHR elicited by A/Ph parental spleen cells, having been induced by a previous local or systemic application of various types of parental cells, are presented in this paper. The injection of an adequate dose of A/Ph mouse thymocytes into the paws of /B10 X A/F1 hybrids leads to the development of resistance against within three days, while a similar injection of B10 thymocytes remains without effect. Systemic administration of the A/Ph thymocytes and of cells of the spleen (and also of their fractions differing from one another by their adherence to nylon cotton-wool) induces resistance towards the regional type of the GVHR of A/Ph cells only after as long as seven days; the B10 splenic cells are also effective in this manner. According to this, it appears that the regional type of resistance manifests signs of specificity while the general type of resistance is nonspecific, and also that the degree of resistance is not related to the intensity of the primary GVHR. When the nature of the resistance was analyzed it appeared that both the nylon nonadherent and the adherent fractions of spleen cells of resistant individuals were capable of transferring the inhibition upon lymphocyte of normal individuals. It was, in both cases, the T-lymphocytes which were responsible for the inhibition, as has been demonstrated by the anihilation of this inhibitory activity of the nylon wool adherent cells by a monoclonal anti Thy 1.2 antibody with a complement. PMID- 3922715 TI - The occurrence of chronic rejection and biliary sludge in long-surviving pigs after liver transplantation. AB - Autopsy and histological findings in the livers of pigs long-term surviving liver orthotopic allotransplantation indicate that there is no correlation between chronic rejection of the graft and the presence of biliary sludge in the bile tract. PMID- 3922716 TI - Incidence and risk of coronary heart disease in an industrial population. A five year prospective study. AB - In a large machinery factory a cohort of 3754 men aged between 40 and 50 years have been studied for 5 years. Total and coronary mortality rates have been determined and also the incidence of certain non-fatal states which required hospitalization due to various types of coronary heart disease (CHD), hypertension, brain apoplexy, diabetes mellitus and malignancies. Among the subjects exposed to CHD risk factors (RF), i.e. among smokers, hypertensive and hypercholesterolemic subjects, and among those who had a positive coronary family history and a positive cardiovascular (chest pain) questionnaire, both total and coronary mortality rates were several fold higher and they increased almost exponentially with increasing numbers of RF. Among the RF it was the cardiovascular (chest pain) questionnaire which had the highest prognostic value. Workmen manifested a higher total and coronary mortality than did the employees in the technico-economical professions (TEP). The highest mortality rate was found among the workmen employed in heavy manual occupation. In contrast the lowest total coronary mortality rate was observed in the TEP having little responsibility in their vocation and also among qualified workmen and specialized technical and scientifical workers. PMID- 3922717 TI - Consequences of intensive therapy of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children in initial complete remission lasting more than five years. AB - Complex clinical, neurological and psychological examination was carried out in 23 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), being in complete initial remission from 5 to 12 years and without medication following the successful intensive therapy according to the protocol 0171 from 2 1/2 to 9 years. Somatic deficiency was observed in 2 children. Slightly hypoplastic bone marrow haemopoesis was found in 2 children. All children had normal haemogram. In 7 children lowered values of E-rosettes and in 3 children lowered levels of serum IgA were detected. Two children were HBsAg positive, in one of them with mild fibrosis was found at biopsy. Pathological neurological findings occurred in 7 children; pathological electromyogram (EMG) and electroencephalogram (EEG) in 8 and 5 children, respectively. Deviations of intellectual development were observed in 13 children. Deviations found can be connected in particular with long-term antileukemic therapy, especially with neurotoxic effects of some components of therapeutic regimen used (methotrexate, brain irradiation). PMID- 3922718 TI - Different patterns of blood sugar and serum insulin levels after different glucose preparations. AB - In a group of 20 in-patients oral glucose tolerance test was performed repeatedly using 100 g of glucose in weak tea and the same amount of glucose in form of commercial flavoured preparation Glukosa Test. Blood sugar (BS) and immunoreactive insulin (IRI) were estimated in venous blood at intervals 0, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 180 mins, respectively. During the test the values of BS alter Glukosa Test were lower at 120 and 180 mins interval than after the pure glucose. The values of IRI after Glukosa Test were higher from 60 to 120 mins interval. Insulinogenic index was therefore significantly higher at 30, 60 and 90 mins interval and in summarized value for the entire test. Our findings of different effects of the same amount of glucose administered in various forms on pattern of blood sugar and insulin cannot been explained from our material. The possibility of different activation of some regulatory mechanism--e.g. so called enteroinsular axis--should be considered. PMID- 3922719 TI - Prothrombin converting-and fibrinolytic effects of ecarin. PMID- 3922720 TI - Cardiovascular and catecholamine responses to hypoxemia in chemically sympathectomized fetal lambs. AB - Chemical sympathectomy was achieved in 8 fetal lambs in utero by daily intravenous infusion of 6-hydroxydopamine (6HD). The dose was increased progressively until a cumulative dose of 60-70 mg/kg was reached. Adequacy of adrenergic denervation was verified by the lack of any cardiovascular response to intravenous tyramine. Plasma catecholamine concentrations in normoxemic, sympathectomized fetuses were slightly higher than controls. After 6HD norepinephrine (NE) = 313 +/- 73 pg/ml (mean +/- SEM) compared to control values of 259 +/- 25 pg/ml (NS). Epinephrine (E) = 39 +/- 15 pg/ml in 6HD fetuses versus 21 +/- 4 pg/ml in controls (NS). There was a small but significant increase in arterial blood pressure (BP) (p less than 0.05), while heart rate (HR) was unchanged. Following hypoxemia, control animals demonstrated a profound increase in plasma NE (2,461 +/- 419 pg/ml) and E (2,017 +/- 749 pg/ml) along with hypertension and bradycardia. Sympathectomized fetuses maintained the NE response to hypoxemia (NE = 1,550 +/- 261 pg/ml), but the peak E response (E = 244 +/- 42 pg/ml) was significantly reduced (p less than 0.05). HR and BP responses were similar to control animals. Therefore, generalized chemical sympathectomy in the fetal lamb in utero is useful in evaluating sympathoadrenal modulation of the fetal cardiovascular system. Despite the lack of neurosympathetic activity, the sympathectomized fetus is capable of maintaining appropriate BP responses to hypoxemia by the direct effect of hypoxemia on adrenal medullary NE release. PMID- 3922722 TI - [Analysis of the guanyl-specific ribonuclease structures in fungi: determination of the amino acid sequence and prediction of the secondary ribonuclease structure in Penicillium brevicompactum]. PMID- 3922721 TI - [Enzymatic regulation of lipid peroxidation in biomembranes: the role of phospholipase A2 and glutathione-S-transferase]. PMID- 3922723 TI - [Ultrastructure of megacin No. 3 in Bacillus megaterium 659]. PMID- 3922724 TI - [A serological criterion for Bechterew's disease. Demonstration of a new antibody specificity with polytene chromosomes]. AB - A new antibody reacting with an antigen from polytene chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster has been found in serum of patients with Bechterew's disease. This antigen-antibody system differs from other nuclear antibodies (anti-RNP, anti-Sm, anti-Ha/SS-B) in that it is not detectable by counter-immunoelectrophoresis. The antibody could be detected in 24 out of 62 Morbus Bechterew sera in which the antibody did not strictly correlate with the appearance of HLA-B27 antigen. The new antibody specificity is a specific serological finding in patients with Bechterew's disease and is therefore suitable for use as a diagnostic, and perhaps also as a prognostic test for this type of spondylarthritis till now assumed to be seronegative. PMID- 3922725 TI - [An unusual case of Boerhave syndrome. Esophageal rupture during preparation for gastroscopy]. AB - A 72-year-old woman who had been given heavy premedication nonetheless developed severe retching at the beginning of a gastroscopy (for suspected gastric ulcer) when the instrument had been advanced only as far as the throat. The investigation was at once terminated, but barium swallow immediately afterwards revealed rupture at the middle third of the oesophagus, with contrast medium flowing into the mediastinum. Despite emergency thoracotomy and suturing of a 4 cm long fresh oesophageal tear in the area of a diverticulum, the patient died from a purulent mediastinitis and confluent pneumonia. The cause of this "spontaneous" rupture of the oesophagus without direct transmission of force (Boerhaave syndrome) in this case was a marked pressure increase in the oesophagus from retching and hyperperistalsis preparatory to gastroscopy. There had definitely not been any instrumental perforation. There was thus no medical negligence. PMID- 3922726 TI - [Immunoprophylaxis of viral hepatitis]. PMID- 3922727 TI - [Postpartum hemophilia A with factor VIII inhibitor]. AB - An abnormal life-threatening haemorrhagic diathesis occurred 6 weeks after delivery in a 25-year-old female. The reason was a spontaneously acquired factor VIIIC inhibitor haemophilia. The clinical presentation was characterised by extensive deep-seated soft-tissue haemorrhages of the extremities, a retroperitoneal haemorrhage, haematuria and recurrent joint bleedings. The activity of factor VIIIC decreased to below 1% of normal. The factor VIII inhibitor reached a maximum of 122 Bethesda units. The recurrent knee joint haemorrhages responded well to treatment with an activated prothrombin complex concentrate (Feiba). Repeated Feiba administration did not lead to an increase of the factor VIII inhibitor. It disappeared completely within 16 months and did not recur during a second pregnancy. The pregnancy was without complications and delivery on time resulted in a healthy child. Six months after the second pregnancy both mother and child showed no evidence of a disorder of haemostasis. PMID- 3922728 TI - [Aciclovir against Herpes simplex encephalitis]. AB - Four patients with typical manifestations of herpes simplex encephalitis were treated with Aciclovir. Infection with herpes simplex virus was confirmed in three of the four cases. Complete cure was achieved in each of the patients despite severe initial disease patterns. In view of these results in the treatment of a disease that had so far been partly lethal or produced severely defective states, the specific use of Aciclovir is emphasised. PMID- 3922729 TI - [Neuropsychology of fear]. PMID- 3922730 TI - [Perioperative high-caloric alimentation with the central venous catheter. Prospective study in 404 patients]. AB - Peri-operative high-calorie nutrition was administered, through a total of 500 catheters introduced into the superior vena cava via the subclavian vein, to 404 patients admitted to hospital for gastro-intestinal cancer resection or other major abdominal operations, some of them taking a complicated course. Most of the catheters remained in situ for 6-20 days; the longest period was 44 days. Catheter insertion was successful in 97.8%. Faulty position of the catheter occurred in 4.4%; in 2.8% it was rectified under fluoroscopic control. In 92.2% there were no complications ascribable to the catheter. A pneumothorax resulted in 1.4% of patients, central thrombosis in 0.4%. Catheter-related sepsis was noted in 6.2%. PMID- 3922731 TI - [Acute liver necrosis caused by valproate]. AB - After treatment with valproic acid a 19-year-old female patient with Friedreich's ataxia and generalised epilepsy died following acute hepatic failure with massive lactacidosis. The clinical symptoms were characterised by hyperventilation, increasing loss of consciousness and shock, leading to treatment-resistant hepatic coma. Morbid anatomy showed extensive confluent lytic necroses of liver acini with accentuation of centrolobular and intermediary structures as well as small and medium-sized fatty degeneration increasing from the periphery towards the centre. The disease picture is quite characteristic for being caused by valproic acid. As a safety measure liver function tests should be done should prodromal symptoms such as anorexia, weakness and apathy arise. If necessary the dosage has to be reduced or medication stopped. Serum valproic acid levels should remain in the lower half of the therapeutic range. PMID- 3922732 TI - Effect of short and long term administration of amiodarone on ischaemia-induced left ventricular dysfunction. Implications for combined antianginal drug therapy. AB - To asses haemodynamic effects of short and long term amiodarone on ischaemia induced left ventricular dysfunction and to compare them with those of glyceryl trinitrate (nitroglycerin), beta-blocking and calcium antagonist drugs, 19 patients with chronic ischaemic heart disease were studied. All patients underwent simultaneous right heart catheterisation and equilibrium radionuclide angiocardiography at rest and during symptom-limited supine bicycle exercise. After control measurements without antianginal therapy, 10 patients received 7.5 mg/kg amiodarone intravenously over 5 minutes (short term study) followed by oral administration of amiodarone for 3 weeks (long term study). The remaining 9 patients were studied following the randomised administration of glyceryl trinitrate (0.8 mg sublingually), metoprolol (0.15 mg/kg intravenously) and nifedipine (5 ng/kg/min). During exercise known to provoke angina pectoris without therapy (control study), amiodarone improved myocardial oxygen consumption by reducing heart rate and systolic blood pressure without the negative inotropic effects seen after acute beta-adrenoceptor blockade. Comparisons with the haemodynamic profiles of other antianginal drugs suggest that amiodarone may be most effective when combined with glyceryl trinitrate or nifedipine for the treatment of ischaemic left ventricular dysfunction. PMID- 3922733 TI - An open comparison of amiodarone with diltiazem and glyceryl trinitrate in patients with stable exertional angina. AB - The haemodynamic and electrocardiographic effects of amiodarone, diltiazem, and glyceryl trinitrate (nitroglycerin) were compared in an open study of 18 patients with stable exertional angina using a graded treadmill exercise test. Amiodarone and diltiazem exerted similar antianginal effectiveness as assessed by increases in exercise performance and duration of exercise, as well as decreases in ST segment depression. The antianginal efficacy of glyceryl trinitrate was somewhat lower than that of the other 2 agents. All the drugs were well tolerated. PMID- 3922734 TI - [Automatic detection of grouped patterns in EEG]. AB - The detection and classification of grouped (so called paroxysmal) activity and of artefacts of similar appearance is a necessary part of the automated description of clinical EEGs. An algorithm for this task is presented. It is based on short-time spectra and on parameters extracted from them. The rate of agreement with the visual assessment is nearly the same as that between well trained EEGers. This is true for the classification and to nearly the same degree for the detection. Nevertheless these patterns must be grouped and validated if the method is to be used in practice. A modification useful for a fast analysis combined with the quantitative description of the background activity is discussed. PMID- 3922735 TI - [Circadian phenomena in petit mal epilepsy]. AB - In 30 patients with petit mal-epilepsy 37 telemetric and allnight polygraphic recordings were registered. The electrical paroxysms have been according to their morphological characteristics and to the background activity into the following groups distributed: regular 3/s spike and wave paroxysms usually of 10-20 s duration, appearing in a normal background activity (10 patients-13 records). 2 4/s polyspike and wave patterns of 10-20 s duration, appearing in a disorganized, slow background activity (8 patients-10 records), short paroxysms of 1-4 s duration, appearing, as a rule, in a normal background activity (12 patients-14 records). The clinical seizures and their electrical patterns eventually accompanying the absences were also characterized. During the petit mal paroxysms the degree of the disturbance of consciousness exhibited a large scale variation. There are considerable intra-, but also inter-individual differences. The sometimes very slight biological changes, occurring in connection with the electrical paroxysms, can be exactly measured by psychophysiological tests, thus the precise clinical registration of the absences is possible. The "hypersynchron alpha-state" produces the significant increase of the petit mal paroxysms in comparison with the paroxysm value of the telemetric record of wakefulness (p less than 0,01). According to our results, the petit mal paroxysms in REM do not show a significant reduction in comparison with the waking period. In cases of petit mal epilepsy in the different vigilance levels one may distinguish in the cerebral electrical activity stable "non-epileptogenic" and unstable "epileptogenic" epochs changing each other under the influence of the ultradian regulatory mechanisms. PMID- 3922736 TI - [Headache and generalized epileptic EEG activity due to strong light exposure]. AB - The case of a 16 years old girl with bilateral headache attacks and simultaneous generalised paroxysmal activity in EEG triggered by light is reported. Headache intensity as well as the number of generalised spike wave discharges under photic stimulation depended on intensity of light whereas wavelength of used light had no influence. Paroxysmal activity was most intensive at a flash light frequency of 25 Hz. PMID- 3922737 TI - [EEG findings in patients with aortocoronary bypass--a visual-morphologic analysis in comparison with clinical data]. AB - In course of a catamnesis during a period of 1,5 up to 5 years after operation we made electroencephalographic examinations in 140 patients submitted to an aorto coronary-veins-bypass (ACVB). Compared with a control group of corresponding age we observed a significant frequency of focal disturbances, being interpreted as expression of an increased functional lability due to vascular effects. 14 percent of these patients showed evident signs of cerebrovascular insufficiency. 33 percent suffered from symptoms of the unspecific pseudoneurasthenic syndrome, often to be found in the preliminary region of cerebrovascular insufficiency. Compared with the control group we found among the EEG of alpha-type within the ACVB-group a significantly increased number of subvigilant patterns. There were no relations between the extent of these patterns and the clinical syndromes of cerebrovascular insufficiency and pseudoneurasthenia. The increased appearance of fluctuations of vigilance within the group showing a higher vascular morbidity can be regarded as a first step of limited regulative dynamics. The results of this study confirm the necessity of an interdisciplinary medical treatment of patients suffering from arteriosclerosis. PMID- 3922738 TI - [German EEG Society. 29th annual meeting, Dusseldorf, 11-13 October 1984. Abstracts]. PMID- 3922739 TI - [Problems in the clinical use of steady state response]. AB - Frequent stimulation induces a state of permanent evoked activity, i.e. the Steady State Response (SSR). An attempt was undertaken to assess the effects of various parameters on the SSR-configuration. 23 boys with normal brains and normal intelligence were studied under constant conditions. Light flashes were delivered in trains of 1 s at a flash repetition rate of 8 c/s. 60 trains were averaged. Three intensities of stimulation (1,2; 0,6; 0,3 Joule) were used. SSR could be observed in 87% of all volunteers (using intensity 1,2 Joule). Independently of the intensities of the stimulation a well-shaped SSR was found after the 3rd or 4th stimulus of the train. Considering the number of deflections four different types of SSR were detectable. There was a slight coherence between the types of SSR and the dominant alpha-frequency. Continuous enhancement of amplitude with increasing stimulus intensity was found only in 50%. Furthermore changing of the SSR-type was found in 5 cases. Taking into account the variability of SSR in healthy probands using of this method for clinical applications on a larger scale remains to be seen. PMID- 3922740 TI - [Daily profiles of melatonin, cortisol and gonadotropins in 8 adolescents with anorexia nervosa]. AB - From a biological study of 8 patients with anorexia nervosa and an analysis of the daily profiles of gonadotropins, cortisol and melatonin, the authors discuss the possible relationship between anorexia nervosa and affective disorders. At the initial phase of the illness, plasmatic levels of FSH, LH and oestradiol were very low. 24-hour plasma cortisol values were comparable with those of a depressive population; when weight loss was equal to or higher than 25% of the initial weight, there was no suppression by dexamethasone. The daily profile of melatonin was maintained, with melatonin plasma levels significatively higher than in a control group of depressed patients. PMID- 3922741 TI - Somatomedin-C synergizes with follicle-stimulating hormone in the acquisition of progestin biosynthetic capacity by cultured rat granulosa cells. AB - We have recently shown that nanomolar concentrations of somatomedin-C (Sm-C), are capable of enhancing the FSH-mediated (but not basal) accumulation of progesterone (Po) by cultured rat granulosa cells. To further characterize this direct cytodifferentiative effect of Sm-C, granulosa cells from immature, hypophysectomized, diethylstilbestrol-treated rats were cultured under serum-free conditions for up to 96 h. Concurrent treatment with highly purified Sm-C (50 ng/ml) produced 10.2- and 3.6-fold increments in the FSH (20 ng/ml)-stimulated accumulation of Po and 20 alpha-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one, respectively. Sm-C augmented Po biosynthesis was dose- and time dependent, but was independent of the FSH dose employed. Significantly, this effect of Sm-C could not be accounted for by enhancement of cellular viability or plating efficiency, nor by an increase in the number of cells, or their DNA synthesis. Furthermore, specific inhibition of DNA synthesis with cytosine-1-beta-D-arabinofuranoside was without significant effect on the ability of SM-C to enhance FSH-supported Po biosynthesis. Insulin, like Sm-C, also synergized with FSH in the induction of Po biosynthesis. However, insulin [ED50 = 19.2 +/- 1.6 (SE) micrograms/ml] was approximately 4800-fold less potent than Sm-C [ED50 = 4.0 +/- 0.3 (SE) ng/ml] in this regard, and exerted little or no effect at concentrations presumed to saturate the putative high affinity granulosa cell insulin receptor. Although maximal stimulatory doses of Sm-C (75 ng/ml) or insulin (100 micrograms/ml) produced comparable increments in FSH-supported Po biosynthesis, combined treatment with maximal doses of both peptides did not prove additive. Pertinently, the direct cytodifferentiative effect of Sm-C is exerted at (nanomolar) concentrations compatible with its receptor-binding affinity as observed in all other cell types studied. Thus, Sm-C is not likely to be acting through the putative high affinity insulin receptor but rather through its own high affinity recognition sites. Similarly, the cytodifferentiative action of high dose insulin may reflect the consequences of its cross-interaction with the putative Sm-C, rather than the insulin receptor. These findings are in keeping with the suggestion that the granulosa cell may be the site of Sm-C reception and action and that Sm-C of intraovarian or circulatory origin may participate in the differentiation, as well as replication, of the developing granulosa cell. PMID- 3922743 TI - The effect of chronic and acyclic elevation of circulating androstenedione or estrone concentrations on ovarian function in the rhesus monkey. AB - The concept that chronically elevated blood androstenedione concentrations increase the incidence of anovulation in the primate and that acyclic elevated basal blood androgen and/or estrogen concentrations cause abnormal gonadotropin secretion was studied. Regularly menstruating female rhesus monkeys were implanted sc with Silastic tubing filled with androstenedione or estrone and compared with controls. Androstenedione implants increased the serum androstenedione concentrations from 1.6 +/- 0.1 (SE) ng/ml to 6.30 +/- 0.27 ng/ml. By peripheral conversion the testosterone concentration increased from control values of 279 +/- 10 (SE) pg/ml to 1280 +/- 41 pg/ml. The testosterone concentration in the estrone-treated monkeys was 247 +/- 9.7 pg/ml. The estrone concentrations were: controls, 63.2 +/- 3.1 (SE) pg/ml; androstenedione-treated monkeys, 63.2 +/- 3.1 pg/ml; and estrone-treated animals, 150 +/- 5.3 pg/ml. The corresponding estradiol concentrations were: control animals, 35.1 +/- 2.1 (SE) pg/ml; androstenedione animals, 30.9 +/- 1.8 pg/ml; and estrone-treated monkeys, 65.7 +/- 3.9 pg/ml. There was no difference in the morning serum cortisol concentrations between any of the three groups or between ovulatory or anovulatory months. The chronic elevation of either androstenedione or estrone caused an increased incidence of anovulation compared with the controls. Increased estrogen concentrations caused increased anovulation during both summer and winter months; however, increased androgen concentrations caused increased anovulation only during the summer months. However, LH concentrations were unaffected in either group but were lower during anovulation months in all three groups. An LH or FSH surge followed an estradiol bolus in three of four control animals and four of six androstenedione-treated but none of the estrone-treated monkeys. Histological examination of ovarian biopsies demonstrated thickening of the tunica albuginea ovarii in androgen-treated ovaries and an apparent increased number of atretic follicles. Corpora lutea were absent in the ovaries of the estrogen-treated monkeys, but otherwise these ovaries were similar to those of controls. It is concluded that chronic acyclic elevation of blood androstenedione (and resultant testosterone) increases seasonal anovulation in the rhesus monkey. Increased blood estrone (and resultant estradiol) leads to almost complete anovulation throughout the year and renders the central nervous system-pituitary axis insensitive to positive feedback effect of estradiol. Neither treatment caused an increase in basal LH concentrations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3922742 TI - Multihormone regulation of steroidogenesis in cultured porcine granulosa cells: studies in serum-free medium. AB - FSH, LH, and estradiol are known to modulate ovarian follicular differentiation. However, the cellular site of action and relative importance of the three hormones have remained uncertain. The recent development of a serum-free system for the culture of immature porcine granulosa cells has enabled us to reinvestigate these issues with better control of pituitary peptides and gonadal steroids. Progesterone production in response to FSH was higher in cells cultured in serum-free complete medium than in those grown in the presence of 10% fetal calf serum [10-fold vs. 1.5-2 fold (control)]. Ovine LH alone was also able to stimulate progesterone production in serum-free free complete medium (6-fold); this effect could not be accounted for by FSH contamination. The LH stimulation, however, was enhanced by FSH. Insulin was required for both FSH and LH stimulation of progesterone production. Estradiol stimulated progesterone production per se (2- to 3-fold) and also enhanced FSH and LH actions. The estimated ED50 for estradiol in FSH-treated cells was 20 ng/ml. Maximal levels of progesterone after 6 days were observed when the combination of FSH, LH, and estradiol was present from the onset of the culture. Incubations carried out in the presence of 5-cholesten-3 beta-25-diol indicated that the hormonal interactions take place, at least in part, at the level of the side-chain cleavage enzyme. These results indicate that FSH is the most important hormonal stimulus for progesterone synthesis in immature granulosa cells. However, LH, estradiol, and insulin (or insulin-like growth factors) exert direct actions on the granulosa cell that may be required for the development of optimal steroidogenic potential. PMID- 3922744 TI - Diminished internalization and action of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in dermal fibroblasts cultured from New World primates. AB - We investigated the occurrence of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)2D3] resistant osteomalacia in the New World primate colony of Saguinus imperator at the Los Angeles Zoo. The mean serum concentration of 1,25-(OH)2D3 was elevated 5 fold in the New World primates compared to that in their Old World counterparts. The specific internalization of 0.6 nM [3H]1,25-(OH)2D3 by cultured dermal fibroblasts from New World primates was reduced 75% compared to that by cells from Old World primates or man. The decrease in hormone uptake resulted from a decrease in the number of high affinity intracellular binding sites for 1,25 (OH)2D3 and apparently caused a 90-95% reduction in 1,25-(OH)2D3-induced 25 hydroxyvitamin-D3-24-hydroxylase activity. There was no alteration in the capacity or avidity of New World primate serum for 1,25-(OH)2D3 compared to that of serum from Old World primates. These data suggest that the occurrence of vitamin D-resistant osteomalacia in New World primates is the result of decreased high affinity, receptor-mediated uptake of 1,25-(OH)2D3 by the target cell. PMID- 3922745 TI - Follicle-stimulating hormone induction of Leydig cell maturation. AB - The effects of FSH on the testes of immature hypophysectomized rats were investigated by comparing functional changes in Leydig cells with changes in their number and morphological appearance. Rats were treated twice daily for 7 days with 0.5 ml saline vehicle, 10 micrograms rat FSH, or 20 ng ovine LH (an equivalent amount of LH known to contaminate the FSH preparation). FSH treatment caused a significant increase in testis weight and stimulated more advanced spermatogenic activity compared to saline or LH treatment. Morphometric analysis of glutaraldehyde perfusion-fixed testes showed no significant increase in Leydig cell number after LH treatment [saline, 4.63 +/- 0.14 million cells; LH, 6.38 +/- 0.55 million mean +/- SE)], but a significant (P less than 0.001) increase after FSH treatment (11.55 +/- 0.79 million). FSH, but not LH or saline, treatment resulted in Leydig cell hypertrophy and ultrastructural features identical to those of adult Leydig cells, these changes being reflected by enhanced hCG- and LHRH agonist-stimulated testosterone production in vitro by whole testes or dispersed interstitial cells. FSH and LH treatment caused minor but significant decreases in LH receptor numbers on dispersed interstitial cells compared to saline treatment. LHRH receptor numbers on interstitial cells were significantly increased only by FSH treatment. It is suggested that since FSH acts only on the seminiferous epithelium, then the hypertrophy, hyperplasia, and functional enhancement of Leydig cells after FSH treatment may be mediated by the secretion of one or more factors from the seminiferous tubules, providing additional evidence to support the view that gonadotropic regulation of testicular function is modulated by local interactions between the seminiferous tubules and the interstitial tissue. PMID- 3922746 TI - Involvement of eicosanoids in release of oxytocin and vasopressin from the neural lobe of the rat pituitary. AB - Arachidonic acid (AA) is oxidized via three pathways which result in several series of distinct metabolites. Cyclooxygenase produces prostaglandins (PGs), prostacyclins, and thromboxanes. Lipoxygenase produces hydroperoxy/hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HPETE/HETEs) and leukotrienes. Epoxygenase, a recently uncovered pathway, results in epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs). Based on reverse phase HPLC product analysis, this study establishes that all three pathways of AA metabolism are present in microsomal incubates of the neural lobe of the pituitary gland. Addition of PGE2 to incubated fragments of neural lobes of the rat pituitary stimulates secretion of both arginine vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin in vitro. Inclusion of 5-HETE and 12-HETE in the incubation medium stimulates marginal release of AVP and oxytocin by 12-HETE only. The magnitude of AVP and oxytocin secretion stimulated by the epoxygenase metabolites 8,9-, 11,12-, and 14,15-EET is equal to that caused by PGE2. Maximal stimulation of secretion (3- to 4-fold) requires an EET concentration 10-15 times greater than that of PGE2. In contrast, 5,6-EET is inactive. These data suggest that oxygenated products of AA play a role in AVP and oxytocin secretion. Although PGs appear to be the dominant arachidonate metabolites involved in the release of AVP and oxytocin, the EETs probably have a contributing role. PMID- 3922747 TI - Effects of testicular macrophage-conditioned medium on Leydig cells in culture. AB - Conditioned medium from cultures of testicular macrophages was capable of stimulating testosterone production in a dose-dependent manner when added to Leydig cells in vitro. Significant stimulation of testosterone production by Leydig cells was observed after 4 h of exposure to testicular macrophage conditioned medium (TMCM) and thereafter increased progressively for up to 24 h. Treatment of Leydig cells with TMCM together with a maximal dose of LH resulted in greater production of testosterone by Leydig cells than with either agent when used separately. Conditioned medium from macrophages treated with FSH was twice as potent as TMCM from untreated cells. This dose of FSH had no direct effect on Leydig cells. Conditioned medium from cultures of peritoneal macrophages had less effect on testosterone production by Leydig cells than testicular macrophage conditioned medium. It is proposed that secretory products from testicular macrophages play an important role in testicular function. PMID- 3922748 TI - Sleep and epilepsy. AB - Epileptic mechanisms in the brain are subject to long-duration, time-ordered neuromodulatory processes controlled by endogenous oscillators which are responsible for appropriately phased modulation of various normal physiological processes, including the 24-h sleep/wakefulness cycle and the ultradian 100-min cycle of rapid eye movement/non-rapid eye movement sleep. Both focal and generalized types of epileptiform activity in humans are subject to biorhythmic modulation, and the various modulation patterns observed are in accord with a model which explains these patterns as a consequence of the interaction of two endogenous modulatory processes: one with a period of about 24 h, the other with a period of about 100 min. Differences in the phase angle between the two cyclic processes, determined by time of sleep onset, explain the various modulatory patterns observed. The mechanisms involved in the genesis and elaboration of electrical epileptiform activity in animal models are examined in relation to known processes involved in the physiology of sleep, and compared with data derived from long-term studies of the time distribution of epileptic events in humans. In infantile spasms, clinical seizure activity and the ictal and interictal EEG patterns in relationship to the phases of the sleep cycle, the significant defects in the quality and quantity of sleep in this disorder, and the changes that take place in all of these when seizures are abolished by effective treatment, suggest that pontine mechanisms responsible for the sleep cycle may be involved in the elaboration of infantile spasms and hypsarrhythmia. PMID- 3922749 TI - Physiological mechanisms of focal epileptogenesis. AB - The key elements in the development of epileptogenesis appear to be the capacity of membranes in some (pacemaker) neurons to develop intrinsic burst discharges, the presence of disinhibition, and the proper excitatory synaptic circuitry. It is likely that the relative role of each of these processes will differ at different sites in the central nervous system which are prone to epileptogenesis. Synchronization of neuronal populations is a vital element in the development of focal discharge and a variety of mechanisms, including those dependent upon excitatory postsynaptic potentials, and other interactions are possible. Pathological processes may alter some or all of these regulatory mechanisms. However, different pathological entities presumably produce epileptogenesis through different combinations of pathogenetic mechanisms. PMID- 3922750 TI - Effects of pregnancy on antiepileptic drug utilization. AB - Pregnancy is associated with characteristic changes in the disposition of antiepileptic drugs; recent findings on this aspect of drug utilization are presented. In one study involving 48 pregnancies, the mean level-dose ratio of phenytoin decreased by 34%. In another study of 111 patients, phenytoin clearance increased gradually over the first 32 weeks of pregnancy and reached twice the preconception value. In two studies with phenobarbital, levels tended to decrease, although this effect was less pronounced than for phenytoin. Similarly for primidone, pregnancy had little effect on steady-state levels; however, levels of phenobarbital formed from primidone exhibited large decreases during pregnancy followed by increases after delivery. This effect was quite consistent. Carbamazepine clearance tended to increase to a relatively small extent. Limited data indicate that valproate levels decrease by 30 to 40% during pregnancy. The mechanisms responsible for these effects have not been elucidated and possibly include decreased bioavailability or compliance, increased metabolic clearance, or decreased plasma protein binding. Since the patient at risk of an increase in seizure frequency cannot be identified prior to conception, therapeutic monitoring is imperative during and after pregnancy. PMID- 3922751 TI - Physiologic consequences of status epilepticus. AB - Prolonged seizures produce central nervous system damage. Physiologic consequences of status epilepticus may exacerbate this damage or may mislead the physician into making inappropriate therapeutic decisions. Status results in an elevation of body temperature, an increase in the peripheral white cell count, and often a transient pleocytosis in the spinal fluid. A marked metabolic acidosis occurs routinely. Prominent elevations in plasma hormonal concentrations occur as well. Epinephrine levels are in the arrhythmogenic range and could play a role in sudden death. Transient but marked pressure responses occur in the systemic and pulmonary circulations. Pulmonary edema may result from these pressure transients. PMID- 3922752 TI - Myoclonus: relation to epilepsy. AB - Myoclonus can be divided into those types which are fragments of epilepsy and those which are nonepileptic. Epileptic myoclonus is viewed as the effect of an isolated spike in neurons of the motor system. Cortical reflex myoclonus is a fragment of partial epilepsy and represents hyperactivity of a focal area of cerebral cortex. Reticular reflex myoclonus is a fragment of generalized epilepsy with hyperactivity of medullary brainstem reticular formation. Primary generalized epileptic myoclonus is a fragment of primary generalized epilepsy and may represent a generalized hyperactive response of cortex to subcortical input. PMID- 3922753 TI - Studies on the toxicity of some carbamate fungicides in Drosophila melanogaster Meig. (Insecta, Diptera). AB - This paper reports the effects of three commercial powders mixed into the diet, Dithane M-45 (mancozeb 80%), Pomarsol (thiram 80%) and Peltar (maneb 50% and methyltiophanate 25%) on survivorship of adults Drosophila and on the progeny. With wild-type adults (Oregon), fungicides were added to the diet at the rate recommended on the label. The mean lifespan was reduced by 42.5% (Pomarsol), 50% (Dithane M-45), and 83% (Peltar). For larvae of two strains (Oregon and triploid) intoxicated with Dithane M-45 and Peltar, a linear relationship was demonstrated between the doses and the percentage of the progeny reduction. The calculated doses inducing a 50% reduced progeny (PR50) are in the range of 400 to 700 ppm. With Pomarsol in the range of 500 to 1500 ppm and for the both strains, the progeny was decreased by about 60%. A very reduced size and a leg paralysis was observed with each toxic powder for Oregon and triploid flies. It appears that a triploid stock of chromosomes does not significantly modify the reaction of the flies. PMID- 3922754 TI - Two N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase are involved in the biosynthesis of chondroitin sulfate. AB - Two N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases, designated I and II, have been purified from the microsomal fraction of calf arterial tissue and separated on Bio-Gel A. N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferase I was purified 450-fold. It requires Mn2+ for maximal activity and transfers N-acetylgalactosamine residues from UDP-[1 3H]GalNAc in beta-glycosidic configuration to the non-reducing terminus of the acceptor substrates GlcA(beta 1-3)Gal(beta 1-3)Gal, GlcA(beta 1-3)Gal(beta 1 4)Glc and GlcA(beta 1-3)Gal. Even-numbered chondroitin oligosaccharides serve as acceptors for N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase II, which transfers N acetylgalactosamine from UDP-[1-3H]GalNAc to the non-reducing glucuronic acid residues of oligosaccharide acceptor substrates. Maximum transfer rates were obtained with a decasaccharide derived from chondroitin. Longer or shorter-chain chondroitin oligosaccharides are less effective acceptor substrates. All reaction products formed by N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases I and II are substrates of beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase, which splits off the transferred [1-3H]GalNAc completely. In the microsomal fraction N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase II had a 300-fold higher specific activity than N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase I. In contrast to enzyme I, enzyme II loses much of its activity during the purification procedure and undergoes rapid thermodenaturation. GlcA-Gal-Gal is a characteristic sequence of the carbohydrate-protein linkage region of proteochondrioitin sulfate. The acceptor capacity of this trisaccharide suggests that N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase I is involved in the synthesis of the carbohydrate-protein linkage region. Since N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase II is highly specific for chondroitin oligosaccharides, we conclude that it participates in chain elongation during chondroitin sulfate synthesis. PMID- 3922755 TI - Purification and partial characterization of the extracellular gamma-D-glutamyl (L)meso-diaminopimelate endopeptidase I, from Bacillus sphaericus NCTC 9602. AB - The gamma-D-glutamyl-(L)meso-diaminopimelate endopeptidase, or endopeptidase I, from Bacillus sphaericus 9602 was purified to apparent protein homogeneity. The purification was achieved by a six-step procedure: ammonium sulfate fractionation, phenyl-Sepharose chromatography, two consecutive DEAE-Trisacryl chromatographies, chromatofocusing and Sephacryl S-200 permeation chromatography. The enzyme was purified 5000-fold with a 38% recovery of lytic activity. It is an acidic protein (pI 5.4) of hydrophobic nature. Kinetic studies have shown a Km value of 0.57 mM and an apparent Vmax of 8.3 mumol min-1 (mg enzyme)-1 with N acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-gamma-D-glutamyl-(L)meso-diaminopimelyl (L)-D-[14C]alanine as substrate. The enzyme was inhibited by o-phenanthroline and EDTA and was reactivated by zinc, cobalt and manganese ions; thus endopeptidase I is a metallo enzyme, probably a zinc enzyme. Moreover it is a heat-stable protein with an apparent inactivation temperature of 80 degrees C. PMID- 3922756 TI - Uridine catabolism in Kupffer cells, endothelial cells, and hepatocytes. AB - Kupffer cells, endothelial cells, and hepatocytes were separated by centrifugal elutriation. The rate of uracil formation from [2-14C]uridine, the first step in uridine catabolism, was monitored in suspensions of the three different liver cell types. Kupffer cells demonstrated the highest rate of uridine phosphorolysis. 15 min after the addition of the nucleoside the label in uracil amounted to 51%, 13%, and 19% of total radioactivity in the medium of Kupffer cells, endothelial cells, and hepatocytes, respectively. If corrected for Kupffer cell contamination, hepatocyte suspensions demonstrated similar activities as endothelial cells. In contrast to non-parenchymal cells, hepatocytes continuously cleared uracil from the incubation medium. The lack of uracil consumption by Kupffer cells and endothelial cells points to uracil as the end-product of uridine catabolism in these cells. Kupffer cells and endothelial cells did not produce radioactive CO2 upon incubation in the presence of [2-14C]uridine. Hepatocytes, however, were able to degrade uridine into CO2, beta-alanine, and ammonia as demonstrated by active formation of volatile radioactivity from the labeled nucleoside. There was almost no detectable formation of thymine from thymidine or of cytosine, uracil, or uridine from cytidine by any of the different cell types tested. These results are in line with low thymidine phosphorolysis and cytidine deamination in rat liver. Our studies suggest a co operation of Kupffer cells, endothelial cells, and hepatocytes in the breakdown of uridine from portal vein blood with uridine phosphorolysis predominantly occurring in Kupffer cells and with uracil catabolism restricted to parenchymal liver cells. PMID- 3922757 TI - Incorporation and metabolism of ganglioside GM2 in skin fibroblasts from normal and GM2 gangliosidosis subjects. AB - Ganglioside GM2, 3H-labeled in the sphingoid base, was added to the culture medium of normal and GM2 gangliosidosis fibroblasts. Ganglioside was found to adsorb rapidly to the cell surface, most of it could however be removed by trypsination. The trypsin-resistant incorporation was about 10 nmol/mg cell protein, after 48 h. The rates of adsorption and incorporation depended strongly on the concentration of fetal calf serum in the medium, higher serum concentrations being inhibitory. After various incubation times, the lipids were extracted, separated by thin-layer chromatography and visualized by fluorography. In normal cells a variety of degradation products as well as sphingomyelin was found whereas in GM2 gangliosidosis cells, only trace amounts of such products (mainly GA2) were found. In contrast, the higher gangliosides GM1 and GD1a were formed in comparable amounts (2.2-3.6% of total radioactivity after 92 h) in normal and pathologic cell lines. Supplementation of cells from GM2 gangliosidosis, variant AB, with purified GM2-activator protein restored ganglioside GM2 degradation to almost normal rates but had no effect on its glycosylation to gangliosides GM1 and GD1a. From these results we conclude that the synthesis of higher gangliosides from incorporated GM2 can occur by direct glycosylation and not only via lysosomal degradation and resynthesis from [3H]sphinganine-containing degradation products. Preliminary studies with subcellular fractionation after various times of [3H]ganglioside incorporation indicated biphasic kinetics for the net transport of membrane-inserted ganglioside to lysosomes, compatible with the notion that a portion of the glycolipids can also escape from secondary lysosomes and migrate to Golgi compartment or cell surface. PMID- 3922758 TI - Human placental neuraminidase. Activation, stabilization and association with beta-galactosidase and its protective protein. AB - Supernatant of homogenized human placenta hardly contains lysosomal neuraminidase activity. It is, however, possible to generate remarkably high activity by concentration of a partially purified glycoprotein fraction. This activity is labile to dilution, but can be stabilized by incubation at 37 degrees C and acid pH. Using beta-galactosidase specific affinity chromatography and immunotitration, we show that the activated and stabilized human lysosomal neuraminidase exists in a complex with beta-galactosidase. Sucrose density gradient centrifugation experiments demonstrate that the neuraminidase activity is exclusively present in a high density multimeric form of beta-galactosidase. The formation of multimeric forms of beta-galactosidase is known to require a 32000-Mr 'protective' protein. Monospecific antibodies against this 'protective' protein were purified from a conventional antiserum containing a mixture of antibodies against the 64000-Mr beta-galactosidase protein and against the 32000 Mr 'protective' protein, using a nitrocellulose blot immunoaffinity purification procedure. Immunotitration experiments with these antibodies show that the 32000 Mr 'protective' protein is present both in association with the beta galactosidase multimer and with the high-density multimeric form together with neuraminidase. Our data further suggest that association of the 32000-Mr 'protective' protein and another yet unidentified subunit is essential for the catalytic activity of lysosomal neuraminidase. These results explain the absence of neuraminidase activity in the autosomal recessive human lysosomal storage disorder galactosialidosis, where the 32000-Mr 'protective' protein is known to be absent. PMID- 3922759 TI - Ca 125 and Ca 19-9: two cancer-associated sialylsaccharide antigens on a mucus glycoprotein from human milk. AB - The cancer-associated antigens Ca 125 and Ca 19-9 were demonstrated by radioimmunoassay to form structural units of a mucus glycoprotein in human milk taken from healthy women four days after parturition. The glycoprotein precipitated with the casein fraction at pH 4.6 and was completely absent in the whey as judged from Ca 19-9 assay. It could be effectively enriched by phenol saline extraction from soluble milk proteins and further purified by gel filtration on Sephacryl S300 and Sephacryl S400. The active component with a bouyant density of 1.41 g/ml in isopycnic density gradient centrifugation (CsCl) shared common physico-chemical and chemical characteristics of mucus glycoproteins. Carbohydrates representing about 68% by weight were conjugated to protein by alkali-labile linkages, exclusively and were essentially free of D mannose. Activities of Ca 125 and Ca 19-9 were both destroyed by treatment with periodate, mild alkali or neuraminidase suggesting the antigens are sialylated saccharides bound to protein by alkali-labile linkages. The fraction of monosialylated saccharide alditols isolated after reductive beta-elimination from the mucus glycoprotein was shown to inhibit monoclonal antibodies anti-(Ca 125) and anti-(Ca 19-9) in radioimmunoassay. PMID- 3922760 TI - Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of [1-13C]glucose metabolism in Crithidia fasciculata. Evidence of CO2 fixation by phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. AB - The non-invasive technique of 13C nuclear magnetic resonance was applied to study glucose metabolism in vivo in the insect parasite Crithidia fasciculata. It was found that under anaerobic conditions [1-13C]glucose underwent a glycolytic pathway whose main metabolic products were identified as [2-13C]ethanol, [2 13C]succinate and [1,3-13C2]glycerol. These metabolites were excreted by C. fasciculata into the incubation medium, while in the cells [3 13C]phosphoenolpyruvate was also detected in addition to the aforementioned compounds. The C3 acid is apparently the acceptor of the primary CO2 fixation reaction, which leads in Trypanosomatids to the synthesis of succinate. By addition of sodium bicarbonate to the incubation mixture L-[3-13C]malate was detected among the excretion products, while the ethanol:succinate ratio of 2.0 in the absence of bicarbonate changed to a ratio of 0.6 in the presence of the latter. This was due to a shift of the balance between carboxylation of phosphoenolpyruvate, leading to succinate, and pyruvate decarboxylation leading to ethanol. The addition of 25% 2H2O to the incubation mixture led to the formation of [2-13C, 2-2H]ethanol derived from the prior incorporation of 2H+ into pyruvate in the reactions mediated by either pyruvate kinase or malic enzyme. However, no 2H+ incorporation into L-malate was detected, excluding the possibility that the latter was formed by carboxylation of pyruvate, and lending support to the idea that L-malate results from the carboxylation of phosphoenolpyruvate to oxaloacetate by phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. The formation of [2-13C, 2-2H]-succinate under the same conditions reflected the uptake of 2H+ during the reduction of fumarate. When the incubations were carried out in the presence of 100% 2H2O, several [1-13C, 1-2H]ethanol species were detected, as well as [2-13C, 2-2H]malate and [1,3-13C2, 1,3-2H2]glycerol. The former deuterated compounds reflect the existence of NAD2H species when the incubations were carried out in 100% 2H2O, while the incorporation of 2H+ into [1,3-13C2]glycerol must be attributed to the phosphoglucose-isomerase-mediated reaction during glycolysis. PMID- 3922761 TI - The entry of sporozoites of Theileria parva into bovine lymphocytes in vitro. Immunoelectron microscopic observations. AB - In an electron microscopic investigation of the entry of sporozoites of Theileria parva into bovine lymphocytes, the fate of the surface coat of the parasite was traced by immunocytochemical methods. A monoclonal antibody (MAbD1) raised in mice and directed against a surface antigen of sporozoites, was applied to ultrathin frozen sections of bovine lymphocytes infected in vitro. Sites of binding of MAbD1 were localized using a protein A-colloidal gold conjugate as an electron-dense label. The surface of all free sporozoites was labelled. Sporozoites in the process of entering were labelled only on that portion of the membrane not yet tightly bound to the lymphocyte membrane. No label was detected on sporozoites that had completed entry. After fixation with formaldehyde, but not with glutaraldehyde, local areas of labelling were found on lymphocytes in contact with sporozoites and on cells already invaded. The sporozoite organelles, called micronemes, occasionally appeared to contain labelled antigen. No label was found on sporozoites or lymphocytes in control preparations previously exposed to non-specific antibody or treated with protein A-colloidal gold alone. The findings support the conclusion that the sporozoite surface coat, containing the antigen recognized by MAbD1, is shed as the sporozoite enters the host cell. PMID- 3922762 TI - The coordinate organization of vinculin and of actin filaments during the early stages of fibroblast spreading on a substratum. AB - Cultured normal fibroblasts adhere to their support essentially through the focal adhesion plaques which are greatly enriched with the 130 000 dalton protein, vinculin, along with the newly described 215 000 dalton protein, talin, and at which actin bundles terminate. In order to explore a role for vinculin in the formation of the adhesion plaques and of the actin bundles, we have studied and compared the development of these two cellular structures during the spreading of trypsinized and replated chicken embryonic fibroblasts. The techniques used were double indirect immunofluorescence and interference reflection microscopy. At the earliest stage of cell spreading observed, vinculin distributes into small patches that are located along actin filaments and at the basis of the ruffling membrane. At later spreading stage, vinculin markedly redistributes into larger striations which coincide with focal contacts. Some of these vinculin striations are associated with the ends of microfilaments while the others are not. These observations would suggest that two types of focal contacts can form simultaneously in early cell spreading. Hypotheses are made concerning the role of vinculin in the formation of the adhesive cell structures in the light of these new data and of previous reports on the subject. PMID- 3922763 TI - Effect of monensin on the metabolism, localization, and biosynthesis of N- and O linked oligosaccharides of galactosyltransferase. AB - The effect of monensin on the metabolism and glycosylation of the trans-Golgi enzyme galactosyltransferase (GT) was studied in HeLa cells. The synthesis of GT was not affected by monensin; however, in the presence of the drug GT precursor molecules (Mr 54 000 and 47 000) were transported to the Golgi system at a slower rate than in control cells. the half-life of GT as an intrinsic membrane protein of the trans-Golgi system was prolonged in the presence of monensin. Mature GT (Mr 54 000) contained in addition to one N-linked oligosaccharide several O linked oligosaccharides; the majority of them consisted of the disaccharide galactose-N-acetylgalactosamine containing one or two sialic acid residues. We conclude that GT resides at an intracellular location where significant sialylation occurs. The sialylation of O-linked oligosaccharides was not hampered by the presence of monensin. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis combined with neuraminidase treatment revealed that GT consists of a number of species in a pI range between 4 and 7. Removal of sialic acid residues resulted in a less acidic pI range of GT but the charge heterogeneity persisted. Immunoelectron microscopy with antibodies against GT showed that monensin affects primarily the GT containing cisternae. PMID- 3922764 TI - Lymphocyte labelling with indium: cytotoxicity studies. AB - Viability studies on lymphocytes labelled with indium In111 using oxine as a ligand showed impairment as measured by trypan-blue assessment and rosetting ability. In addition, lymphocyte response to phytohaemagglutinin stimulation as measured by tritiated-thymidine uptake was also impaired at levels where adequate cell labelling had taken place. Cadmium toxicity was not noticed, and the use of tropolone as a ligand offered possibilities of reduced cellular toxicity. Such cytotoxicity may not have been important in earlier reported studies on granulocytes where the large numbers available for in vivo work and the short periods of study still allowed useful conclusions to be drawn. However, because of the prolonged lifespan of the human lymphocyte, the cytotoxic effects of the processing might well make the long-term studies which would be of interest much less reliable for clinical assessment. PMID- 3922765 TI - Adaptation of hepatic ammonia metabolism after chronic valproate administration in epileptics treated with phenytoin. AB - The effects of phenytoin (PHT) on the modifications of ammonia (NH+4) metabolism caused by sodium valproate (VPA) are here studied in order to identify the drug combinations susceptible of evoking stuporous states in epileptics, a rare condition attributed to a hyperammonemic encephalopathy induced by VPA. During chronic treatment with PHT or VPA-PHT, the acute injection of VPA increases the kidney's output of NH+4. During chronic PHT treatments, the acute injection of VPA modifies the liver's NH+4 metabolism and the arterial hyperammonemia is high (mean = 90 mumol/l). During chronic VPA-PHT treatments, the acute injection of VPA does not affect the hepatic NH+4 metabolism, suggesting that adaptation occurs, and the arterial hyperammonemia is moderate (mean = 60 numol/l). Disturbances of the hepatic adaptive mechanisms may explain certain complications observed during multiple-drug regimens. PMID- 3922766 TI - Plasma apolipoprotein B metabolism in familial type III dysbetalipoproteinaemia. AB - Lipoprotein metabolism was studied in eleven patients with Type III hyperlipoproteinaemia, one with normolipidaemic dysbetalipoproteinaemia and eight controls. Apolipoprotein B kinetics in very low density, intermediate density and low density lipoproteins (VLDL, IDL and LDL) was investigated. Fractional catabolic rates (FCRs) of VLDL-apo B and IDL-apo B were lower (P less than 0.005 and P less than 0.001) in the patients: 0.064 +/- 0.018 and 0.059 +/- 0.006 h-1 respectively, (mean +/- SEM), compared with 0.219 +/- 0.035 and 0.243 +/- 0.028 h 1. Synthetic rates (SRs) of IDL-apo B varied widely from 1.5 mg kg-1 day-1 in the subject with normolipidaemic dysbetalipoproteinaemia to 2.8-25.2 mg kg-1 day-1 in Type III. The mean time for conversion of IDL-apo B to LDL-apo B was prolonged, 18.7 h compared with 3.8 h in the controls (P less than 0.001). LDL-apo B pool size and SR were lower in the patients (P less than 0.05 for both). Two patients treated with gemfibrozil showed reduced hyperlipidaemia and decreased SR of VLDL apo B and IDL-apo B. Dysbetalipoproteinaemia is associated with pronounced impairment of IDL and VLDL-remnant catabolism, lipoprotein levels reflecting an interaction between this defect and SR of these lipoproteins. PMID- 3922767 TI - Models and mechanisms in very low density lipoprotein metabolism. PMID- 3922768 TI - Effects of dopamine and dobutamine on the distribution of pulmonary blood flow during lobar ventilation hypoxia and lobar collapse in dogs. AB - Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction was induced in the left lower lobe of fifteen dogs by ventilating the lobe with 7% O2 or by absorption collapse, and the distribution of flow between the lobe and the remainder of the lung was measured with electromagnetic flow probes. The lobar to total blood flow ratio was reduced by lobar ventilation hypoxia and decreased further during lobar collapse. In seven dogs, an infusion of 20 micrograms kg-1 min-1 of dopamine produced an increase in total blood flow, an increase in pulmonary artery pressure (P less than 0.01), and an increase in lobar to total flow ratio (P less than 0.05) during both hypoxic states. There was a significant fall in arterial PO2 (P less than 0.01) during ventilation hypoxia. Similar changes in total and lobar to total flow ratio (P less than 0.01) were observed in eight dogs given 20 micrograms kg-1 min-1 of dobutamine, but there were no changes in pulmonary artery pressure. The greater increase in total flow (+ 111%) resulted in a marked increase in mixed venous PO2 and no significant changes in arterial PO2 in this group of dogs. It is concluded that both drugs produce an increase in lobar to total blood flow ratio and shunt fraction, but that the mechanisms causing the redistribution of flow may differ. PMID- 3922769 TI - Granulocyte migration in ulcerative colitis. AB - Although histologically relapses in ulcerative colitis are characterized by an intense granulocyte infiltrate, there is evidence both from in vitro function tests and skin window migration studies in vivo that there is defective granulocyte function in ulcerative colitis. We have recently developed a method for non invasively monitoring granulocyte migration to sites of inflammation using indium-111-labelled granulocytes, and have used this technique in fifteen patients with ulcerative colitis. In all fifteen cases there was rapid migration of indium-111-labelled granulocytes to inflamed bowel within 10 min of return of the labelled cells. This study provides no support for a significant granulocyte migration defect in ulcerative colitis. PMID- 3922770 TI - Variation in serum type III procollagen peptide with age in healthy subjects and its comparative value in the assessment of disease activity in children and adults with chronic active hepatitis. AB - To determine the comparative value of serum Type III procollagen peptide (PIIIP) in paediatric and adult liver disease we have measured PIIIP in 201 healthy subjects (aged 1 day-77 years) and twenty-one children and five adults with chronic active hepatitis (CAH). Healthy children had significantly higher PIIIP levels than adults (P less than 0.001), with highest values of 298 +/- 88 ng ml-1 (s.d.) in the neonatal period. PIIIP fell to 30.9 +/- 7.0 by 1 year, 19.1 +/- 4.5 by 3 years and rose significantly (P less than 0.01) at puberty. Adult levels (8.3 +/- 3.2) occurred by 16 years of age. Serum PIIIP levels were significantly elevated (P less than 0.001) in adults when they had biochemical and histological evidence of active liver disease but were consistently within the normal range for age in 70% of children with similar hepatic pathology. The minor elevations in PIIIP in the other children were unrelated to clinical, biochemical or histological evidence of active liver disease. While raised PIIIP may be a non invasive marker of liver disease activity in adults, its value in childrens' disorders appears to be limited by the high levels of PIIIP which occur during growth. PMID- 3922772 TI - Abstracts and index of the 19th annual meeting of the European Society for Clinical Investigation, April 24-27, Toulouse, France. PMID- 3922771 TI - Correlation of disease activity in systemic vasculitis with serum C-reactive protein measurement. A prospective study of thirty-eight patients. AB - In a prospective study over 2 years, serum C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were measured serially in thirty-eight patients with various types of necrotizing systemic vasculitis. The CRP concentration was always elevated in patients with active vasculitis and fell rapidly in association with clinical remission induced by immunosuppression. During periods of complete remission, in the absence of any intercurrent condition, the value remained within the normal range. In contrast the sedimentation rate responded more slowly to changes in disease activity and did not necessarily reflect the level of inflammation at a particular time. These results, together with the commercial availability of rapid and precise assays for CRP, indicate that serial measurement of the serum CRP fills the urgent need for an objective index of the activity of the systemic vasculitides and their response to therapy. PMID- 3922773 TI - Expression of interleukin 2 receptor on murine fetal thymocytes. AB - Rat monoclonal antibodies AMT-13, 3C7 and 7D4 which react to the mouse interleukin 2 (IL 2) receptors were used to define cell populations with the putative IL 2 receptors in the mouse thymus as a part of series of investigations to elucidate the mechanism of intrathymic cell proliferation and differentiation. With freshly dissociated cells from the thymus of 15 gestational days, the anti IL 2 receptor monoclonal antibodies (anti-IL 2 receptor) reacted with about half of them. The proportion of the reactive cells decreased rapidly thereafter till birth as the numbers of thymus cells expanded. The antibodies reacted with only two to three percent of thymic cells from newborn mice and less than one percent of cells from adult thymus. Through the gestational period, the fetal liver cells did not react with the antibodies. When the thymus cells at early gestational days were subjected to a two-color analysis, one for the anti-IL 2 receptor and the other for anti-Thy-1 or anti-asialo GM1, by a fluorescence-activated cell sorter, it was found that the majority (up to 80%) of anti-IL 2 receptor-reactive cells (IL 2 receptor-positive cells) was also reactive with anti-Thy-1. Some of the IL 2 receptor-positive cells but Thy-1-negative cells reacted with anti asialo GM1, a marker of the immature thymocytes. Immunohistochemically, the IL 2 receptor-positive cells were found mainly in the subcapsular area and in the border region of cortex and medulla. Collectively, these results suggest that the pre-T lymphocytes are stimulated immediately after their arrival to the thymus from the stem cell source such as fetal liver and bone marrow and are driven into the proliferation via the IL 2 receptor system. PMID- 3922774 TI - Association between the human thymic differentiation antigens T6 and T8. AB - The human T lymphocyte cell surface antigen T8 has been found to be associated on thymocytes with a protein of 46 kDa through disulfide bridges. Analysis by isoelectric focusing, and of peptides obtained by limited proteolysis and chemical cleavage demonstrated that this 46-kDa protein was the cell surface antigen T6, which is expressed on cortical thymocytes. The findings are discussed in the context of the importance of the T8 and T6 molecules in thymic differentiation. PMID- 3922775 TI - Delay of the initiation of hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats by CV 4151, a specific thromboxane A2 synthetase inhibitor. AB - When CV-4151, a specific thromboxane (TX) A2 synthetase inhibitor, was given orally to 4 week old (4w) spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) daily for 3 weeks, the initiation of hypertension was delayed by about one week. The agent increased urinary excretion of water, sodium and creatinine, reduced that of TXA2 (as TXB2), increased that of PGI2 (as 6-keto-PGF1 alpha) and enhanced urinary PGI2/TXA2. In 4w Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) and 18w SHR was established hypertension, the agent had little effect on blood pressure and renal function. In isolated, perfused kidneys of 6w SHR, CV-4151 markedly inhibited both arachidonic acid-induced pressor action and production of TXA2. TXA2 synthetase activity in renal cortical microsomes of 5w SHR was approximately 1.5 times higher than that in age-matched WKY. CV-4151 inhibited TXA2 synthetase activity of medullary and cortical microsomes more effectively in 5w SHR than in age matched WKY. Thus, in young SHR, the TXA2 synthetase inhibitor seemed to improve renal function by altering the balance of renal TXA2 and PGI2 biosynthesis and subsequently caused a delay in the initiation of hypertension. The present findings lend support to the idea that an imbalance in the renal TXA2-PGI2 biosynthesis may be involved in the initiation of hypertension in SHR. PMID- 3922776 TI - N-methyl,N-propargyl-2-aminotetralins:novel dopamine agonists with monoamine oxidase inhibiting properties. AB - A series of mono- (5 and 7) and dihydroxylated (5,6 and 6,7)N-methyl,N-propargyl 2-aminotetralins were studied with respect to their dopamine agonistic and monoamine oxidase inhibitory activities. MAO inhibition was found to be reduced by hydroxylation of the aromatic ring. Among the hydroxylated compounds the 7-OH analogue was the most potent inhibitor in in vitro and ex vivo experiments. Both catecholic structures were equipotent with apomorphine as displacers of the specific in vitro binding of [3H]NPA to rat striatal homogenates. Moreover, the catecholic analogues had a potency comparable to that of apomorphine in the gamma butyrolactone model whereas the monohydroxy analogues were less active. On the basis of their effectiveness to induce stereotypy in rats and to reverse reserpine-induced hypomotility in mice (both used as indices of postsynaptic dopamine receptor stimulation) the catecholic compounds were more potent than the monohydroxy analogues but much less active than apomorphine. Dopamine agonistic activity was also reflected in decreased HVA levels in the striatum whilst effects on striatal 3-MT levels reflected the balance between dopamine agonistic (decrease in 3-MT) and MAO inhibitory (increase in 3-MT) activity of the various compounds. It was concluded that both the mono- and dihydroxylated compounds have MAO inhibiting and dopamine agonistic activities. The MAO inhibitory activity predominated within the monohydroxy structures whereas the dopamine agonistic effect was predominant for the catecholic compounds. It would thus appear that, at least for the 2-aminotetralins, it is difficult to prepare an analogue which combines a high degree of both MAO inhibitory and DA agonistic activity. PMID- 3922777 TI - Effects of chemical sympathectomy with 6-hydroxydopamine on cardiac output and its distribution in the rat. AB - Cardiac output and its regional distribution were determined with radioactive microspheres in pentobarbitone anaesthetised rats 16 h and 5 days after sympathectomy with 6-hydroxydopamine (150 mg/kg i.p. over 24 h). Distribution was not different at either time in sympathectomised animals compared to controls given i.p. saline/ascorbic acid. Cardiac output was 12% greater 16 h after sympathectomy than in the controls but heart rate and blood pressure were 20% lower. Stroke volume was 43% greater in animals given 6-hydroxydopamine and total peripheral resistance 29% lower than in sham-sympathectomised rats. Five days after sympathectomy, blood pressure and heart rate were still lower in sympathectomised rats, but cardiac output and total peripheral resistance were not significantly different from control. It is concluded that basal sympathetic tone does not determine the distribution of cardiac output at rest and that its primary effect on the heart is to maintain heart rate rather than contractility. PMID- 3922778 TI - Proliferative quiescence of normal mast cells resembles that of cold-sensitive mutant mastocytoma cells. Dominant expression of the quiescent state in heterokaryons. AB - Normal murine peritoneal mast cells were fused to serum-deprived, non proliferating cells of a cultured subline (41-SB-4) of the P-815 murine mastocytoma. Upon reincubation in medium containing 10% horse serum for 48 h, mono- and binuclear 41-SB-4 cells reentered S phase of the cell cycle, while mast cell X 41-SB-4 heterokaryons as well as mono- and binuclear mast cells remained in proliferative quiescence, indicating dominant expression of the quiescent state of mast cells. The quiescent state of normal mast cells thus resembles that of cold-sensitive (cs) mutant cells (21-F) of the undifferentiated P-815 mastocytoma: at the non-permissive temperature of 33 degrees C, the 21-F cells were found to enter a state of quiescence which is characterized by its dominant expression in heterokaryons and by morphological differentiation with the formation of metachromatically staining granules similar to those of mast cells. This suggests that the cellular control mechanisms involved in entry into proliferative quiescence and in morphological differentiation of cs 21-F cells may be analogous to those of normal mast cells and/or their precursors. PMID- 3922780 TI - Golgi and computer morphometric analysis of cortical dendrites in metabolic storage disease. AB - Golgi and computer morphometric analysis of neuronal dendrites was done on four cases, one each of Tay-Sachs disease, infantile type 2 sialidosis, Hurler's syndrome, and Sanfilippo's syndrome. There were large meganeurites on pyramidal neurons in Tay-Sachs disease, and small ones in Hurler's and Sanfilippo's syndromes. All the meganeurites in these three diseases were predominantly distal to the soma in layer 3, but close to it in layer 5. These findings may be accounted for by different rates of ganglioside accumulation and cortical neuronal morphogenesis. Computer morphometric analysis revealed atrophic or less developed layer 5 dendritic length and branching in Tay-Sachs disease, sialidosis, and Hurler's syndrome compared with tissues from control patients. These dendritic changes may be secondary to ganglioside accumulation or due to abnormal surface membrane production during dendritic development. This study contributes to an understanding of how enzyme deficiency is translated into abnormal cell structure and, presumably, function. PMID- 3922779 TI - Combined lesions of septum, amygdala, hippocampus, anterior thalamus, mamillary bodies and cingulate and subicular cortex fail to impair the acquisition of complex learning tasks. AB - Previous investigations (Irle and Markowitsch 1982a, 1983, 1984) demonstrated that triple or fourfold lesions within the cat's limbic system fail to produce learning impairments, as opposed to lesions of single or double loci, when tasks of visual reversal, delayed alternation, and active two-way avoidance were used. On the basis of these results, limbic regions of the cat's brain might be considered unessential for intact learning and mnemonic functions. Therefore, in order to obtain indisputable information on the importance of the limbic system for learning and memory, lesions of nearly all limbic core regions of the cat were performed. Ten cats received lesions of seven limbic core regions: the septum, amygdala, anterior thalamus, mamillary bodies, cingulate cortex, subicular cortex, and the hippocampus proper. Nine of these animals were tested postoperatively in the acquisition of a visual reversal task, a spatial alternation and delayed alternation task, and an active two-way avoidance task, and were then compared to the performance levels of ten control animals. The experimental animals turned out to be unimpaired in all tasks tested; the performance scores in the visual reversal and delayed alternation task and - for some experimental animals - in the active two-way avoidance task even indicate a slight, though statistically insignificant, facilitation in the learning behavior of these animals. It is assumed that the learning functions underlying the tasks used were taken over by other brain regions, which, prior to massive limbic lesions, may be suppressed or otherwise inhibited. Alternatively, utilization of spared tissue in the damaged limbic regions must be considered as the possible explanation. PMID- 3922781 TI - Magnesium enhances human pancreatic elastase digestion of 125I-labeled elastin. AB - The effect of some divalent cations, especially Mg++, on elastinolysis by porcine or human pancreatic elastase has been determined using 125Iodine-labeled elastin as substrate. Elastin degradation was significantly increased in the presence of 10(-3) M Mg++. If elastin was pre-incubated with 0.5 (w/v) Triton, there was a further increase in elastinolysis to 2.6 times the original rate. PMID- 3922782 TI - Does the amphibian eye have an ocular oxygen-concentrating mechanism? PMID- 3922783 TI - Effects of hexafluoroacetone on Leydig cell steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis in the rat. AB - Steroidogenesis was investigated in Leydig cell-enriched fractions isolated from the testes of rats dosed dermally with 130 mg/kg/day hexafluoroacetone (HFA) for 14 days and from pair-fed control rats. Compared to controls, Leydig cells from HFA-treated rats exhibited decreased incorporation of [14C]acetate (78%) and [3H]mevalonate (41%) into sterols and steroids. Testosterone was decreased 50% in the testes of HFA-treated rats. Incubation of Leydig cells from untreated rats with 1.0 mM HFA did not affect steroidogenesis. HFA treatment led to the development of histopathological lesions in the testes within 24 hr after a single dose; with daily dosing the lesions became progressively more severe. Despite the development of severe lesions, HFA treatment did not affect the blood levels of luteinizing hormone or testosterone; however, follicle-stimulating hormone was slightly elevated (48%) after 14 days of treatment. The data indicate that steroidogenesis is inhibited in Leydig cells of HFA-treated rats; the inhibition is not due to a direct or immediate effect of HFA, nor does it appear to be hormonally mediated. PMID- 3922784 TI - Glycosaminoglycan composition and biosynthesis in the endothelium-covered neointima of de-endothelialized rabbit aorta. AB - The biosynthesis and composition of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) in the endothelium covered neointima, formed in response to de-endothelialization of the rabbit aorta by a balloon catheter, was examined. The [14C]glucosamine incorporation into GAG during an in vitro incubation with intimal-medial tissue was monitored periodically up to 24 hr. The GAG were isolated after an exhaustive proteolytic digestion with pronase and protease followed by ethanolic precipitation at 4 degrees C. Electrophoretic migration on cellulose acetate paper was compared for identification. The distribution of GAG was determined after a selective enzymatic digestion of isolated GAG using specific enzymes. Heparan sulfates were estimated after nitrous acid treatment. The concentration of GAG was measured spectrophotometrically by forming colored complexes with Alcian blue dye. In addition, the specific activity (dpm/microgram GAG) and the rate of GAG synthesis (ng/mg dry defatted tissue/day) were determined. The results indicate that the rate of GAG synthesis by de-endothelialized neointima (DEA) was twice that of intact aorta (control). In the re-endothelialized neointima (REA), the GAG synthetic rate was three times more than in control. However, the release of GAG into medium from REA accounts for only 25% of the GAG synthesized by this tissue type, and the release from DEA accounts for 60% of the synthesized GAG. Similarly, a threefold increase in the GAG concentration in REA compared to control was found. The relative distribution as chondroitin-6-sulfate (C6S), chondroitin-4-sulfate (C4S), dermatan sulfate (DS), heparan sulfate (HS) and hyaluronic acid (HA) was markedly altered in the injured neointima. There was an increase in chondroitin sulfates (CS) and DS concomitant with a decrease in HS. It is concluded that injury to aortic endothelium induces stimulation of GAG synthesis in the arterial wall. Furthermore, the greater release of GAG from DEA, compared to control and REA, suggests that endothelium may function as a "reverse" barrier in the neointima covered by regenerated endothelium. PMID- 3922785 TI - 4-(4-Phenylsubstituted)-1,2,3-triazolacetic acid derivatives in vitro inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis. AB - New 4-(4-phenylsubstituted)-1,2,3-triazolacetic acid derivatives of general formula (I) were prepared by nucleophilic substitution, 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition and functional group interconversion reactions. These compounds were evaluated as in vitro prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors. Only the isomeric compounds (II c) and (III e), with a 4-aminophenyl substituent on the triazole ring, inhibit arachidonic acid-induced malondialdehyde formation in human platelets; (II c) and (III e) are as effective as aspirin. PMID- 3922786 TI - Irreversible inhibition of pancreatic lipase by bis-p-nitrophenyl methylphosphonate. AB - The reaction of porcine pancreatic lipase with an organophosphorus compound bis-p nitrophenyl methylphosphonate (BNMP) resulted in the complete and irreversible inhibition of lipase activity on tributyrin emulsion (25 degrees C, pH 7.5, 40 mM Na-veronal-HCl buffer) whereas the activity of the enzyme on p-nitrophenyl acetate solution remained unchanged. The BNMP-modified enzyme did not bind on hydrophobic interfaces (siliconized glass beads). Tyr 49 was presumed to be the modification site, and the conclusion has been made that this residue is implicated in the interface recognition site of pancreatic lipase. PMID- 3922787 TI - Ligand-blotting visualization of the LDL receptor in plasma membranes and in two classes of coated vesicles from adrenocortical cells. AB - Two populations of coated vesicles, different in size, have been isolated from the bovine adrenal cortex. The enrichment of the LDL receptor from the plasma membrane to the large coated vesicles and then to the small ones was evidenced by ligand-blotting ELISA assays. The LDL receptor has been characterized as a 130 kDa proteic component which retains the binding specificity and structural features in plasma membranes as well as in the two classes of coated vesicles. PMID- 3922788 TI - Changes in nuclear proteins induced by heat shock in Drosophila culture cells. AB - Nuclear proteins of normal and heat-shocked Drosophila cells were analysed by two dimensional electrophoresis. The computerized processing of the gels allowed us to detect 6 proteins strongly induced by the heat treatment, but which were different from the usually described heat-shock proteins. The possible role of these proteins in genetic regulation is discussed, as is the value of this type of approach for the study of other genetic regulation phenomena. PMID- 3922789 TI - Low rate of NADPH/ADP-iron dependent lipid peroxidation in hepatic microsomes of DBA/2 mice. AB - Hepatic microsomal lipid peroxidation has been studied in 4 inbred strains of mice: C57BL/6, BALB/c, AKR and DBA/2. The rates of lipid peroxidation stimulated in vitro by carbon tetrachloride, ascorbate-iron and cumene hydroperoxide were similar in all 4 strains. Lipid peroxidation induced by NADPH/ADP-iron, however, proceeded at a substantially lower rate in the hepatic microsomes of DBA/2 mice. It is suggested that this low rate of enzymic iron-induced lipid peroxidation is a factor that may be involved in the resistance of this strain of mice to experimental hepatic porphyria induced by polyhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbons. PMID- 3922790 TI - Mammalian ribonucleases. The absence of a glycosylated Asn-Pro-Thr sequence in horse ribonuclease and the presence of tryptophan at position 39 in horse and dromedary ribonuclease. AB - Parts of the amino acid sequences of horse and dromedary pancreatic ribonuclease were reinvestigated. The sequence of residues 21-25 in horse ribonuclease is Ser Asn-Pro-Thr-Tyr or Ser-Asn-Ser-Thr-Tyr. The asparagine in the latter sequence is glycosylated. Horse ribonuclease possesses four additional amino acid residues at the C-terminus, like a number of other ribonucleases. Position 39 in horse and dromedary ribonuclease is not deleted but is occupied by tryptophan. PMID- 3922791 TI - Amino acid sequence of an amyloidogenic Bence Jones protein in myeloma-associated systemic amyloidosis. AB - The complete amino acid sequence of an amyloidogenic Bence Jones protein (NIG-84) from an individual with myeloma-associated systemic amyloidosis has been determined. The protein, with a blocked N-terminus, represents a complete light chain consisting of 217 residues and it has a structural feature characteristic of the V lambda II subgroup. In addition to a two-residue insertion at positions 28 and 29, it has an additional rare insertion of alanine at position 100. NIG-84 is an example of the first complete sequence presented for the amyloidogenic Bence Jones protein of the V lambda II subgroup. PMID- 3922792 TI - Appearance of an arachidonic acid 15-lipoxygenase pathway upon differentiation of the human promyelocytic cell-line HL-60. AB - The metabolism of arachidonic acid and 15-HPETE was studied in a human promyelocytic cell line (HL-60). Upon exposure to DMSO, HL-60 cells undergo differentiation and acquire a 15-lipoxygenase activity while undifferentiated cells challenged with either arachidonic acid or 15-HPETE did not enzymatically transform these precursors. Products of the arachidonic acid 15-lipoxygenase pathway were identified by HPLC. UV-absorption and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results indicate that upon differentiation HL-60 cells express a 15 lipoxygenase activity as well as the ability to transform 15-HPETE to 8,15-DHETEs and 14,15-DHETE. Moreover, these findings suggest that products of the 15 lipoxygenase cascade may be generated by a single cell system. PMID- 3922793 TI - Treatment of oocyte membranes with the 2',3'-dialdehyde of guanosine triphosphate reduces progesterone inhibition of adenylyl cyclase. AB - Treatment of Xenopus laevis membranes with the 2',3'-dialdehyde of GTP (dial GTP) drastically inhibits their adenylyl cyclase activity. Optimal inhibition is obtained by treatment with 1 mM dial GTP for 1h at 32 degrees C. Using guanyl-5' yl imidodiphosphate, F-, forskolin and Mn2+ as activators of the enzyme it can be concluded that dial GTP preferentially reacts with the stimulatory subunit (Ns) and slightly with the catalytic subunit. Dial GTP treatment greatly reduces the inhibition of adenylyl cyclase by progesterone. Pure exogenous Ns stimulates the enzyme but does not restore progesterone inhibition. Treatment with dial [alpha 32P]GTP labels several membrane proteins some of which have similar Mr to Ns and Ni. PMID- 3922794 TI - Properties of a mutant lactose carrier of Escherichia coli with a Cys148--- Ser148 substitution. AB - The cysteine residue at position 148 in the lactose carrier protein of Escherichia coli has been replaced by serine using oligonucleotide-directed, site specific mutagenesis of the lac Y gene. The mutant carrier is incorporated into the cytoplasmic membrane to the same extent as the wild-type carrier, confers a lactose-positive phenotype on cells, and actively transports lactose and other galactosides. However, the maximum rate of transport for several substrates is reduced by a factor of 6-10 while the apparent affinity is reduced by a factor of 2-4. Carrier activity in the mutant is much less sensitive to sulfhydryl reagents (HgCl2, p-(chloromercuri)benzenesulfonate and N-ethylmaleimide) than in the wild type, and beta-D-galactosyl 1-thio-beta-D-galactoside does not protect the mutant carrier against slow inactivation by N-ethylmaleimide. It is concluded that the Cys148 residue is not essential for carrier-catalyzed galactoside: proton symport and that its alkylation presumbly prohibits access of the substrate to the binding site by steric hindrance. A serine residue at position 148 in the amino acid sequence appears to alter the protein structure in such a way that one or more sulfhydryl groups elsewhere in the protein become accessible to alkylating agents thereby inhibiting transport. Recently, Trumble et al. [(1984) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 119, 860-867] arrived at similar conclusions by investigating a mutant carrier with a Cys148----Gly148 replacement. PMID- 3922795 TI - Kinetics of the action of chymosin (rennin) on a peptide bond of bovine alpha s1 casein. Comparison of the behaviour of this substrate with that of beta- and kappa o-caseins. AB - The action of chymosin on the Phe23-Phe24 bond of bovine alpha s1-casein, in citrate buffer (pH 6.2) at 30 degrees C, was followed by reversed-phase HPLC quantification of residual alpha s1-casein or fragment 24-199 after different time periods and at different substrate concentrations. This allowed determination of the Michaelian parameters for the reaction under study which were compared with those previously obtained for the action of chymosin on beta- and kappa o-casein under identical reaction conditions. The whole efficiency of the three reactions, as estimated by kcat/Km, was 1.8, 20.6 and 1405.0 for alpha s1-, beta- and kappa o-caseins, respectively. The specificity of chymosin is discussed in the light of these results and of the known sequences of the 3 caseins. PMID- 3922796 TI - Recombinant gamma-interferon inhibits prostaglandin-mediated and parathyroid hormone-induced bone resorption in cultured neonatal mouse calvaria. AB - A role of gamma-interferon in the bone remodeling process can be implicated from its interference with bone resorptive processes in cultured neonatal mouse calvaria. The immune interferon is an efficient inhibitor of endogenous prostaglandin synthesis, particularly after stimulation by thrombin or arachidonic acid, and, in addition, has a calcitonin-like inhibitory effect on PTH-induced osteoclastic bone resorption. PMID- 3922797 TI - Evidence for a conformational change in deglycosylated glycoprotein hormones. AB - Removal of long-chain asparagine-linked carbohydrates leads to loss of receptor effector coupling in gonadotropin target tissue. This implies a direct interaction between carbohydrate and cell membrane components. To examine other mechanisms by which carbohydrate could activate post-receptor events, we have used sequence-specific and conformation-specific alpha-subunit radioimmunoassays as probes for conformational changes in deglycosylated choriogonadotropin and follitropin. Immunoreactivity of either hormone was enhanced 8-13-fold after removal of carbohydrate by anhydrous hydrogen fluoride. Removal of sialic acid alone had little effect on reactivity. Based on the specificity of the antisera, the effect could be localized to a region in the amino-terminus remote in the linear sequence from actual sites of carbohydrate attachment. The results suggest that a conformational change in the alpha-subunit could account, at least in part, for the observed effects of deglycosylation on glycoprotein hormone action. PMID- 3922798 TI - Selenium inhibition of chemical carcinogenesis. AB - In this article I review the work of our laboratory concerning the relationship between dietary Se intake and susceptibility to mammary carcinogenesis induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene in female rats. The effect of graded levels of Se in the diet was investigated, ranging from deficiency to excessive supplementation that produced marginal toxicity in the animals. In addition, the interdependence between Se status and fat intake was also explored. Further experiments were aimed at defining the role of Se in the initiation and promotion phases of chemical carcinogenesis. In view of the biochemical function of Se as an antioxidant, the chemopreventive efficacy of Se was compared to that of vitamin E in conjunction with their ability to inhibit lipid peroxidation. Results of this study indicated that the antitumorigenic activity of Se could not be accounted for by suppression of tissue peroxidation, although an environment with a lower oxidant stress might enhance the potency of Se in protecting against cancer. The possible mechanisms of action of Se based on the observations and characteristics of several tumor models are briefly discussed. PMID- 3922799 TI - The effect of follicle-stimulating hormone without additional luteinizing hormone on follicular stimulation and oocyte development in normal ovulatory women. AB - Twelve normally menstruating women were stimulated with (1) human menopausal gonadotropins (hMG) containing follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) and (2) FSH only to induce growth of multiple follicles for oocyte retrieval. Maturation of the follicles and presumptively the oocytes was assessed by daily serum estradiol (E2) values, the response of the vaginal epithelium, and cervical mucus. The growth and number of follicles were measured by ultrasound daily. Human chorionic gonadotropin was administered as a surrogate LH surge. The hMG cycles were compared with the FSH-only cycles in relation to serum E2 and oocyte maturation, fertilization, transfer, and pregnancy rates. Five of eight cycles adequately stimulated with FSH only resulted in successful pregnancies. FSH without additional LH can initiate and maintain E2 function and allow oocyte maturation to proceed up to the terminal maturation, which is associated with the LH surge. The effect of LH may be to hasten follicular atresia in the developing cohort of follicles. PMID- 3922801 TI - Urinary 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha during ovulation induction. AB - To elucidate the role of the vasodilatory prostacyclin (PGI2) in human ovulation, urinary samples were collected from spontaneously ovulating women (n = 8) and from those undergoing ovulation induction with clomiphene (seven women, 9 cycles) and human gonadotropins (five women, 11 cycles). The samples were assayed for 6 keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (6-keto-PGF1 alpha), a breakdown product of PGI2, employing high-pressure liquid chromatography and radioimmunoassay. The urinary 6 keto-PGF1 alpha was not consistently related to the menstrual cycle day at collection, the occurrence of spontaneous (n = 8) or induced (n = 11) ovulation, or the simultaneous concentration of estradiol in plasma. However, its concentrations both before and after the approximated time of ovulation during clomiphene (41.6 +/- 6.7 and 52.7 +/- 7.9 pmol/mmol creatinine, before/after, mean +/- standard error) or gonadotropin treatment (49.0 +/- 5.8 and 48.1 +/- 6.8 pmol/mmol creatinine) were higher (P less than 0.01) than those in spontaneously ovulating women (26.4 +/- 3.8 and 20.5 +/- 3.0 pmol/mmol creatinine, respectively). Multiple ovarian follicles, as assessed ultrasonographically, developed during four courses of the treatments with gonadotropins, and in three of them the urinary 6-keto-PGF1 alpha was high. The data suggest that treatment with clomiphene and gonadotropin is accompanied by increased production of PGI2, perhaps in the ovaries and/or in the kidneys. This may perhaps play a role in the etiopathogenesis of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. PMID- 3922800 TI - Ovulation induction in polycystic ovary syndrome with urinary follicle stimulating hormone or human menopausal gonadotropin. AB - In patients with polycystic ovarian disease (PCOD) ovulation was induced with a combination of human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) or with urinary follicle-stimulating hormone (uFSH; Metrodin, Serono Laboratories, Inc., Randolph, MA) alone. hMG/hCG and uFSH resulted in comparable rates of ovulation and conception in patients with PCOD. The incidence of hyperstimulation and the potential for multiple births appeared lower with uFSH. The fact that endogenous ovulation did not occur in hMG patients who had hCG withheld or in 3 of the 11 uFSH patients who had preovulatory levels of estradiol and follicles greater than 15 mm may imply that these similarly derived gonadotropins in some instances block endogenous ovulation. PMID- 3922802 TI - Polyspermy: effect of varying stimulation protocols and inseminating sperm concentrations. AB - Results from 198 cycles of in vitro fertilization (IVF) were examined to identify factors in the subsequent development of polyspermy. Polyspermy occurred in 24 of 235 fertilized oocytes and was equally likely in mature and immature oocytes. No significant difference in polyspermy was demonstrated between the stimulation protocol using human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) and those using clomiphene citrate (CC) or combined hMG/CC. The incidence of polyspermy was no different after insemination of oocytes with concentrations of progressively motile sperm ranging from 250,000 to 500,000. Although polyspermy continues to be a problem in IVF, we have been unable to identify possible predisposing mechanisms for its development. PMID- 3922803 TI - Effect of aromatase inhibition by delta 1-testolactone on basal and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone-stimulated pituitary and gonadal hormonal function in oligospermic men. AB - Aromatase inhibition by delta 1-testolactone (TL), 500 mg twice daily for 4 weeks, in nine patients with idiopathic oligospermia lowered circulating estradiol (E2) levels by about 30%, enhanced the secretion of follicle stimulating hormone (+ 30%), 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) (+ 40%), and testosterone (T) (+ 30%), but did not affect serum luteinizing hormone levels. Despite E2 lowering, there was an accumulation of 17-OHP over T, suggesting 17, 20-lyase inhibition. Unexpectedly, administration of TL almost completely deleted the T response to continuous luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone infusion present before TL therapy, despite similar gonadotropin release. Because the 17 OHP response to the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone infusion was even higher during therapy, the 17,20-lyase lesion seemed aggravated despite substantial reduction of E2 levels. Although the present data suggest that estrogens play a less dominant role in the origin of the late steroidogenetic lesion than previously assumed, the suggestion also arises that TL per se, in addition to its antiestrogenic action, exerts an inhibiting effect on the 17,20 lyase locus, which may obscure the beneficial effect of reducing E2. PMID- 3922804 TI - Short-term effects of testolactone on human testicular steroid production and on the response to human chorionic gonadotropin. AB - Testicular responsiveness to a single dose of human chorionic gonadotropin was studied in five normal men before and during short-term treatment with an aromatization inhibitor, testolactone (TL). TL alone resulted in significant increases in the serum concentrations of progesterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, 17 hydroxypregnenolone, dehydroepiandrosterone, androstenedione, and the sulfate conjugates of pregnenolone, 17-hydroxypregnenolone and testosterone (T). Concentrations of 5-androstene-3 beta, 17 beta-diol and T remained unchanged, and those of estradiol (E2) decreased. TL had no major influence on serum luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, prolactin, or sex-hormone-binding globulin concentrations. During TL administration, human chorionic gonadotropin stimulation led to a significantly decreased E2 response, but the T response was unchanged. Alleviation of an inhibitory influence of E2 on the steroidogenic enzymes, especially 17,20-desmolase, was probably the reason behind the increased synthesis of several T precursors. In addition, TL appeared to have an inhibitory influence on the 17 beta-reduction of T precursors. TL resulted in increased serum concentrations of some steroid sulfates, but the mechanism of this effect remains unclear. PMID- 3922805 TI - Induction of follicular growth in the squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus) with human urinary follicle-stimulating hormone (Metrodin). AB - Human urinary follicle-stimulating hormone (Metrodin, Serono Laboratories, Inc., Randolph, MA), an investigational drug which is purified from human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) (Pergonal, Serono Laboratories, Inc.), was tested for its effects on induction of follicle development in the squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus). Metrodin was as effective as hMG for induction of follicle development in the squirrel monkey, and it appeared to be superior to hMG or porcine follicle stimulating hormone at lower dose rates. The percentage of cornified cells in vaginal smears increased during stimulation and showed a parallelism with estrogen levels in serum and with follicular development. The results of the recovery rate of matured ova in different regimens show that use of Metrodin is a most convenient method for induction of follicle development and ovum recovery in the squirrel monkey. PMID- 3922806 TI - Factors affecting human in vitro fertilization: a multifactorial study. AB - The influence of four factors on the cleavage rate of 705 mature oocytes submitted for in vitro fertilization (IVF) was assessed with the use of a multifactorial method, i.e., logistic regression. The studied factors were (1) the regimen for cycle stimulation, (2) cumulus cell mass appearance, (3) semen quality, and (4) the time of incubation of oocytes before insemination. The logistic function permitted testing the respective influence of each factor on the cleavage rate, with the level of the other factors taken into account. The most important factor was the stimulation treatment, the association of human menopausal gonadotropin with clomiphene citrate (CC) giving better results than CC alone. Time of incubation was demonstrated to have no influence on the cleavage rate, whereas semen quality had an influence. A problem was raised by the existence of an interaction between the stimulation treatment used and the appearance of the cumulus cell mass. It can be concluded that adequate cycle treatment and eventually couple selection with respect to the semen quality of the male partner are to be considered in view of obtaining better results in IVF attempts. PMID- 3922808 TI - Evaluation of semen and pituitary gonadotropin function in men with untreated Hodgkin's disease. AB - The reproductive capacities of 35 patients with Hodgkin's disease were assessed before treatment by semen evaluation and determination of basal hypothalamic hypophyseal function and after stimulation with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). Sixty-five percent of the patients had asthenozoospermia, 46% had teratozoospermia, and 28% had oligozoospermia. Normal semen was more frequently seen in asymptomatic patients (7 of 18) than in symptomatic patients (2 of 15). All the patients had normal basal follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels and significantly low testosterone (T) levels (P less than 0.01). The FSH response to 100 micrograms of GnRH was normal, but the LH responses were all significantly low, both as delta % (28.4% +/- 18.7% versus 52.4% +/- 25.3%, P less than 0.005) and as peak values (36.7 +/- 20.7 mIU/ml versus 59.4 +/- 26.4 mIU/ml, P less than 0.01). It is believed that abnormal semen is a specific symptom of Hodgkin's disease, secondary to functional insufficiency of the hypothalamic-hypophyseal axis, with a relative decrease in T production. PMID- 3922807 TI - Hormonal parameters of men with varicoceles before and after varicocelectomy. AB - The gonadotropin responses to a 4-hour infusion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and seminal plasma dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and testosterone levels were assessed before and 6 to 12 months after varicocelectomy in 22 men with varicoceles. Twelve men were severely oligozoospermic (sperm densities less than 10 X 10(6)/ml), whereas 10 men had sperm densities between 11 and 30 X 10(6)/ml. Each man had excessive gonadotropin responses to GnRH and lower than normal seminal plasma DHT levels preoperatively. Eight of the 12 severely oligozoospermic men and 6 of the other 10 men had postoperative improvements in sperm density. These men (responders) had normalization of gonadotropin response and seminal plasma DHT levels. The nonresponders had identical hormonal parameters before and after surgery. These results indicate that the pantesticular defect in hormonal synthesis and spermatogenesis, seen in some men with varicoceles, can be reversible. PMID- 3922809 TI - [Bulbar chemoreceptors of respiration]. PMID- 3922810 TI - [Reactions of the external respiration in waking dogs to hypercapnia]. AB - The volume and temporal characteristics of lung ventilation were studied under conditions of progressing hypercapnia in 4 alert dogs. Similarity of ventilatory sensitivity for CO2 and of respiration patterns was revealed in all the dogs. The contribution of frequency component was negligible. The hypercapnic hyperpnoe was followed by a shortening of expiration duration along with unaltered (or increased) duration of inspiration. PMID- 3922811 TI - [Method of determining the cardiac blood output of animals]. PMID- 3922813 TI - Home health nurses learn and teach. PMID- 3922812 TI - [Chronotropic effects on the heart during the interaction of parasympathetic and sympathetic regulatory influences]. AB - In the frog heart isolated sinus node with intact extracardiac sympathetic and parasympathetic pathways or intracardiac nerves, the intracellular pacemaker APs and extracellular nervous activity of the parasympathetic postganglionic intracardiac pathways were recorded. Two major sympathetic-parasympathetic interaction patterns were revealed: the antagonistic and the augmentative ones. In initial deep bradycardia, sympathetic stimulation diminished the parasympathetic inhibition, whereas in initial parasympathetic tachycardia, sympathetic stimulation augmented these parasympathetic effects. The recording of the intracellular pacemaker AP showed the effect of a complicated interaction between the sympathetic and parasympathetic transmitters on the heart pacemaker. Parasympathetic postganglionic nervous activity changed in two ways: there was either an attenuation during intense sympathetic stimulation or an augmentation during a weak sympathetic stimulation. Relative significance of the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems in the heart rate control and possible mechanisms of the two patterns of sympathetic-parasympathetic interactions, are discussed. PMID- 3922815 TI - [Multiple basalomas following long-term intake of arsenic]. PMID- 3922814 TI - [The effects of bromocriptine on anovulatory patients with high LH and euprolactinemia]. AB - It is well known that an acute administration of Bromocriptine (dopamine agonist) suppresses the serum LH level either in normal women or in women with polycystic ovary syndrome, in whom the serum LH level is elevated. The present study was carried out to examine the effectiveness of Bromocriptine on anovulatory women with a high LH level (serum LH greater than 30 mIU/ml). Bromocriptine was administered for 3 months, 5 mg daily, to 9 anovulatory women with euprolactinemia (serum PRL less than 25 ng/ml). Ovulation was observed by their BBT charts. Before and after the treatment of Bromocriptine, FSH, LH and PRL secreting capacities were tested by LHRH and TRH injection. Also, estrone, estradiol and testosterone levels were measured before and after the Bromocriptine administration. Resting levels of LH, FSH and PRL were 45.4 +/- 11.0 mIU/ml, 11.4 +/- 3.0 mIU/ml, and 14.3 +/- 4.7 ng/ml (M +/- SD), respectively, before the treatment. As a result of the treatment, the LH level was markedly decreased to 27.3 +/- 14.5 (M +/- SD, P less than 0.05), and PRL decreased to 3.76 +/- 4.2 ng/ml (M +/- SD, P less than 0.005). On the other hand, FSH did not show a marked change. The responsiveness of LH to LHRH before the treatment showed a marked increase, which was suppressed by Bromocriptine. However, FSH showed no change. The responsiveness of PRL to TRH was suppressed by Bromocriptine. Serum estrone, estradiol and testosterone levels before the treatment were 115.5 +/- 76.7 pg/ml, 93.7 +/- 61.0 pg/ml and 0.809 +/- 0.209 ng/ml (M +/- SD), respectively, which showed no significant change after the treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3922816 TI - [Normolipemic plane xanthomas and IgGk myeloma with anti-lipoprotein activity. Apropos of a case. Review of the literature]. AB - Clinicopathologic findings are reported of a woman with plane xanthomatosis, multiple myeloma (IgG kappa) and normolipemia. Plasma lipoproteins were bound to the monoclonal immunoglobulin. The complex was separated by ultracentrifugation, then the proteins were measured by radial immunodiffusion and laser immunonephelometry. Monoclonal IgG kappa interact with the low-density lipoproteins. The literature about the association between normolipemic or hyperlipemic xanthomatosis and myeloma was reviewed and the physiopathology of this association discussed. Several hypotheses are suggested but, at present, it is shown that lipoprotein-paraprotein complexing in some patients may be due to autoantibody activity of the myeloma protein against serum lipoprotein; immune complexes interfere with normal lipoprotein catabolism resulting in xanthomas and normolipemia or hyperlipemia. PMID- 3922817 TI - Protein analysis of earthworm coelomic fluid. III. Isolation and characterization of several bacteriostatic molecules from Eisenia fetida andrei. AB - A bacteriostatic activity in Eisenia fetida andrei cell free coelomic fluid is described. This activity is detected by growth inhibition of a bacteria Bacillus megaterium. Gel filtration analysis revealed eleven coelomic fluid protein fractions designated A, B,..J. Antibacterial activity was mainly found within fractions B and C. Chromatofocusing resolved fractions B-C into five different peaks named alpha BC, beta BC,... epsilon BC. Antibacterial activity appeared mediated by three different proteins characterized by their molecular weights (20,000, 40,000 and 45,000) and their isoelectric points (4.9, 5.75 and 6.0). These bacteriostatic proteins possess either hemolysis or hemagglutination activities. The polymorphic aspect of this humoral antibacterial defense is discussed. PMID- 3922818 TI - Immunohistochemical localisation of prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase and prostacyclin synthase in pregnant human myometrium. AB - The localisation of prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase and prostacyclin synthase in pregnant human myometrium was examined by indirect immunocytofluorescent staining using monoclonal antibodies raised against these enzymes. Both enzymes were demonstrated to be present in myometrial smooth muscle cells. Staining associated with prostacyclin synthase, however, was more intense throughout the myometrium and less circumscript than that associated with prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase. The findings indicate that the uterine smooth muscle cells themselves possess the enzymes necessary for producing prostacyclin from arachidonic acid and that this capacity is not limited to the uterine macro- and microvasculature. PMID- 3922819 TI - Enzymology of lecithin:cholesterol acetyltransferase. PMID- 3922820 TI - Genetic variants of the lipoproteins and hyperlipidaemia. PMID- 3922821 TI - Evidence for the involvement of lipoxygenase products in steroidogenesis. PMID- 3922822 TI - Valproic acid teratogenicity: demonstration that the biochemical mechanism differs from that of valproate hepatotoxicity. PMID- 3922823 TI - Double-blind comparison of astemizole, terfenadine and placebo in hay fever with special regard to onset of action. AB - In this double-blind study forty-seven patients with hay fever were treated for 8 days with either terfenadine 60 mg twice a day, astemizole 10 mg once a day or placebo. On the second day of treatment terfenadine was statistically significantly superior to astemizole and placebo according to the ratings of symptomatology, efficacy and individual symptoms. The median onset of symptom alleviation was 3 hours for terfenadine and 2 days for astemizole. On the eighth day both astemizole and terfenadine were statistically significantly more efficacious than placebo, but no significant differences were found between the two drugs. Both drugs were well tolerated. PMID- 3922825 TI - Cell proliferation changes during pattern regulation in imaginal leg discs of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Upon fragmentation of a leg imaginal disc, cells near parts of the wounded surface are reprogrammed and form a blastema. This occurs without a change in fate and without the direct contact of the two wounded surfaces (G. H. Karpen and G. Schubiger, Nature (London) 294, 744-747, 1981). Two phases of the cell cycle have now been analyzed for several areas of disc fragments prior to and during wound healing. A mitotic index was used to compare the location of cell division, and autoradiography was used to reveal patterns of DNA synthesis. In contrast to the uniform division pattern in noncultured fragments, more dividing cells were observed near the two wound surfaces after 1 day of in vivo culture. During the second day, wound healing began and mitotic activity increased dramatically near both wound areas, and decreased in distant areas. Three and a half days of culture led to more complete wound closure and only cells on one site continued to show the highest frequency of labeled cells. It is concluded that changes in patterns of DNA synthesis and an increase in cell division begin prior to wound closure. This proliferation is consistent with the morphological changes and regulative behavior observed. In addition, the role of compartmental identity during regulation was tested. After wound closure began an increase in mitotic activity near wounds in the anterior compartment was observed whereas such an increase in division level was not seen in posterior cells near a wound. PMID- 3922824 TI - Specificity of the direct effect of an LHRH agonist on testicular 17-hydroxylase but not on 5 alpha-reductase activity in hypophysectomized adult rats. AB - The direct effect of treatment with a potent LHRH agonist on testicular steroidogenesis was studied by incubation of radioactive steroids with a testicular homogenate or with a suspension of interstitial cells obtained following 7 days of treatment of adult hypophysectomized male rats. The animals received [D-Ser(tBu)6,des-Gly-NH2(10)]LHRH ethylamide (25 micrograms) administered 3 times a day, hCG (5 or 25 IU) once daily or a combination of both drugs. The metabolism of tritiated progesterone into delta 4-metabolites by a suspension of interstitial cells was markedly reduced by treatment with the LHRH agonist (LHRH-A) alone or following combined treatment with hCG and LHRH-A. No formation of 5 alpha-reduced steroids was detected in the medium following incubation with testicular homogenate or interstitial cells. Similar findings were obtained by measurement of testicular steroid content. The present data demonstrate that the direct effect of the LHRH agonist is limited to the Leydig cells on 17-hydroxylase activity. This inhibitory effect is reflected by an accumulation of testicular pregnenolone and progesterone content and a marked inhibition of progesterone metabolism into delta 4-androgens. However, no stimulation of 5 alpha-reductase, an enzyme localized in seminiferous tubules, could be detected. Such data show clear differences between the direct and the pituitary-mediated effects of treatment with LHRH agonists on testicular steroidogenesis. While the LHRH agonist administered at high doses in the rat can directly inhibit 17-hydroxylase activity, the stimulatory effect on 5 alpha reductase activity is regulated by another mechanism. PMID- 3922826 TI - Oxidative and conjugative metabolism of diethylstilbestrol by rabbit preimplantation embryos. AB - Five- and six-day-old rabbit preimplantation embryos were found to be capable of metabolizing [3H]diethylstilbestrol (DES) in vitro. Based on the analysis of the metabolites formed during a 24-hr incubation period we conclude that these early stage embryos do have active monooxygenase and conjugative activity. The monooxygenase seems to be specific to this early stage of embryonic development. PMID- 3922827 TI - Relationships of infant birth size to maternal lipoproteins, apoproteins, fuels, hormones, clinical chemistries, and body weight at 36 weeks gestation. AB - It has been hypothesized that plasma triglyceride fatty acids may traverse the placenta and contribute to infant adiposity particularly in GDM pregnancy. It has also been hypothesized that high-density lipoproteins (HDL) can both deliver cholesterol to and remove cholesterol from the placenta. To determine if these maternal parameters are related to fetal growth in normal pregnancy, we have examined relationships of lipoprotein lipids, apoproteins, hormones, fuels, clinical chemistries, and maternal weight at 36 wk gestation to infant birth weight, birth weight ratio (birth weight corrected for gestational age), birth length, and head circumference in a cohort of pregnant women attending a prepaid health plan, Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound. Associations were examined using a multivariate regression analysis of several groups of related variables. Results show that the birth weight and/or birth weight ratio are weakly positively associated with maternal very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) triglyceride and statistically significantly positively associated with apoprotein A-I, placental lactogen, estradiol, bilirubin, and maternal prepregnancy weight and pregnancy weight gain. Glucose and insulin predict birth weight only in pairwise analysis. Significant negative predictors of birth weight or birth weight ratio include VLDL cholesterol, apoprotein A-II, SGOT, and creatinine. Significant positive predictors of birth length include apoproteins A I, placental lactogen, and maternal weight. Apoprotein A-II negatively predicts birth length. Only maternal prepregnancy weight predicts head circumference.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3922828 TI - Deficiencies within the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex: clinical and pathological correlates. PMID- 3922830 TI - Sulphonylurea and insulin: combined treatment in type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes. PMID- 3922829 TI - Effects of a fructose-rich diet and the aldose reductase inhibitor, ONO-2235, on the development of diabetic neuropathy in streptozotocin-treated rats. AB - Streptozotocin-diabetic rats were maintained on a 72% fructose diet for 4 weeks and some were treated with an aldose reductase inhibitor (either alrestatin: 0.9 g . kg-1 . day-1 or ONO-2235: 50 mg . kg-1 . day-1). Fructose feeding significantly influenced the development of impaired motor nerve conduction velocity in the diabetic rats and this effect was positively correlated with sorbitol accumulation in the sciatic nerve of diabetic rats maintained on a fructose-rich diet. Treatment with ONO-2235, a new aldose reductase inhibitor, prevented both slowing of motor nerve conduction velocity and elevation of nerve sorbitol concentration. On the other hand, erythrocyte sorbitol levels were significantly correlated to those of the sciatic nerve (r = 0.86, p less than 0.001) and the retina (r = 0.91, p less than 0.001) in these animals. Thus, our findings suggest that increased polyol pathway activity may be related to the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy and erythrocyte sorbitol concentrations may prove a useful indicator for the presence of diabetic complications. PMID- 3922831 TI - Human c-f gr gene does not contain coding sequence for actin-like protein. AB - f gr is a member of the protein kinase oncogene family and was found to have the highest homology to yes gene among the members of the family. Using a v-yes probe, a molecular clone of human c-f gr locus was isolated from a genomic library. Nucleotide sequence determination revealed that the actin gene-like sequence found in v-f gr gene was absent at the corresponding position of the c-f gr gene. Thus, the v-f gr gene product is considered to be a tri-chimeric gene product consisting of viral gag gene and two distinct cellular genes, actin gene and the proto-f gr gene. PMID- 3922832 TI - 11;14 translocation in childhood T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. AB - No consistent chromosome abnormalities have been reported so far in T-cell lymphoma-leukemia. We report here two children suffering from T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with t(11;14)(q13;p11). Even though the breakpoints we claim are different from those in a recent report, we believe that their cases and ours have the same abnormality and that patients with this abnormality constitute a distinct subgroup of T-cell ALL positive for sheep erythrocyte receptor (E+) in children. PMID- 3922833 TI - Assignment of two Japanese xeroderma pigmentosum patients to complementation group D and their characteristics. AB - Japanese xeroderma pigmentosum sib patients XP58TO and XP59TO were assigned to complementation group D on the basis of cell hybridization studies. Ultraviolet and 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide hypersensitivity and reduced unscheduled DNA synthesis of cells of these XP patients were also characteristic of authentic group-D cells. The patients have not yet developed either apparent neuromental abnormalities or skin cancers. PMID- 3922834 TI - Gastric carcinogenesis induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine: role of gastrectomy and duodenal reflux. AB - The effect of gastrectomy and duodenal reflux on gastric carcinogenesis was studied because gastrectomized patients may be considered at "high risk" for the development of gastric stump cancer. Wistar rats received N-methyl-N'-nitro-N nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) (83 mg/liter) ad libitum in the drinking water for either four, eight, or twelve weeks. A control group received tap water. After MNNG administration animals were antrectomized. Antrectomy was not performed in a control group. Bowel continuity was restored either with a Billroth II (BIL) or with a ROUX en Y (ROUX) procedure. Duodenogastric reflux is possible after the BIL but not after the ROUX procedure. Eight months after the beginning of the experiment the stomachs of the animals were studied. In both operated and unoperated animals, the number of cancers observed was significantly related to the duration of MNNG administration. Animals receiving MNNG plus the BIL procedure had a significantly higher number of anastomotic cancers than the ROUX animals, indicating that duodenogastric reflux played a promotional role in gastric carcinogenesis. Three BIL gastrectomized rats not receiving the carcinogen had an adenocarcinoma on the anastomotic line further emphasizing the risk attached to the duodeno-gastric reflux. PMID- 3922835 TI - Metabolic fate of omega-1 and omega-2 oxidized N-nitrosodibutylamines in the rat. AB - Of the three metabolic oxidation pathways of N-nitrosodibutylamine (NDBA) demonstrated in vivo, omega oxidation is responsible for the induction of bladder tumors, while omega-1 and omega-2 oxidations are considered to be associated with the induction of liver tumors by NDBA. The metabolic fate of the following five NDBA derivatives was investigated in the rat in order to elucidate further the metabolic characteristics of NDBA in relation to its hepatocarcinogenic activity: N-nitroso-N-(3-hydroxybutyl)butylamine (NHBBA-3), N-nitroso-N-(3 oxobutyl)butylamine (NOBBA-3), N-nitroso-N-(2-hydroxybutyl)butylamine (NHBBA-2) and N-nitroso-N-(2-oxobutyl)butylamine (NOBBA-2), which are involved in the omega 1 and omega-2 oxidation pathways of NDBA, and N-nitroso-N-(2-oxopropyl)butylamine (NOPBA), a minor urinary metabolite of NDBA. By characterization of the urinary metabolites, NHBBA-3 and NHBBA-2, primary metabolites of NDBA, were shown to undergo further oxidative metabolic transformation via NOBBA-3 and NOBBA-2, respectively, although conjugation with glucuronic acid to afford the glucuronides was demonstrated to be their principal metabolic pathway. The principal urinary metabolite of NOBBA-2 as well as NOBBA-3 was N-nitroso-N (carboxymethyl)butylamine, while reduction of the oxo group followed by glucuronidation was found to be a minor metabolic pathway. The glucuronide of N nitroso-N-(2-hydroxypropyl)butylamine was the principal metabolite of NOPBA, N nitroso-N-(carboxymethyl)butylamine being a secondary metabolite. The hepatocarcinogenic activity of the three oxo compounds (NOBBA-3, NOBBA-2 and NOPBA) in relation to that of NDBA is discussed from the metabolic point of view. PMID- 3922836 TI - Alpha-hydroxylation and mutagenicity of unsymmetrical N-nitrosodialkylamines with a butyl group. AB - In order to compare the extents of metabolic alpha-hydroxylation of the two alkyl groups in unsymmetrical N-nitrosodialkylamines, N-nitroso-N-alkylbutylamines (alkyl = methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, and amyl) were incubated with liver microsomes prepared from phenobarbital- or polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)-treated and untreated rats, and aldehydes produced by the alpha-hydroxylation were determined quantitatively. Although an increased production of aldehydes was observed with the induced microsomes compared with the non-induced microsomes, no marked differences were noted between the two alkyl groups of these unsymmetric nitrosodialkylamines in regard to the extent of alpha-hydroxylation with the exception of N-nitroso-N-methylbutylamine (NMBA). The amount of aldehydes produced from these nitrosamines increased with elongation of the alkyl chain, amounting to 10-30% of the compounds incubated, and the recovery in the incubation (total aldehyde + nitrosamine recovered) was found to be more than 90%, indicating that alpha-hydroxylation is the principal oxidative metabolic pathway of the nitrosamines in vitro. The microsomal alpha-hydroxylation was inhibited by dimethyl sulfoxide and the extent of the hydroxylation was shown to be positively correlated with the mutagenic potency of the nitrosamines. Based on the mutagenic behavior of NMBA tested on Salmonella typhimurium TA1535 and Escherichia coli WP2 hcr- and the extent of the formation of formaldehyde and butyraldehyde from NMBA in the presence of the induced microsomes and S9 mix, it was concluded that NMBA acts as both a methylating and a butylating agent. PMID- 3922837 TI - Rapid assay of N-butyl-N-(3-carboxypropyl)nitrosamine in rat organs and urine by high-performance liquid chromatography after derivatization. AB - The concentration of N-butyl-N-(3-carboxypropyl)nitrosamine (BCPN), which is the major metabolite of the carcinogen N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (BBN), was measured in the urine, thymus, liver, kidney, and bladder of rats orally administered with BBN. Since BCPN is a carboxylic acid, it forms an ester with 9 anthryldiazomethane (ADAM), which is a fluorescent labeling agent highly sensitive to carboxylic acids. Thus, BCPN and ADAM were reacted at 40 degrees for 1 hr, and the resulting ester was separated and measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a reverse-phase type column. The range of measurement was 0 to 40 micrograms/ml, and the coefficient of variation (CV) was 3.8%. When 0.025% BBN was given orally to rats in tap water, the BCPN concentration in the urine was very high at 220 micrograms/ml, while it was 0.15 microgram/100 mg in the wet tissues of the thymus, 0.35 microgram/100 mg in the liver, 0.40 microgram/100 mg in the kidney, and 1.2 microgram/100 mg in the bladder. The BCPN concentration in the bladder, in which tumors are induced by the administration of BBN, was thus higher than those in the other organs. PMID- 3922838 TI - Association of nitrosamine-derived radioactivity with nuclear and mitochondrial DNA in mice. AB - In order to better understand the carcinogenic process, a comparative study was undertaken of the association of nitrosamine-derived radioactivity with nuclear and mitochondrial DNA isolated from tumor-susceptible and non-tumor-susceptible tissues of two strains of mice with different susceptibilities to tumor induction by dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) or diethylnitrosamine (DEN). A single dose of either [14C]-DMN or [14C]DEN was administered by intragastric intubation to young adult male RFM or BALB/c mice. The DNA isolated from the mitochondrial fraction of tumor-susceptible tissues bound several times (10 to 90) more nitrosamine than the nuclear DNA. These results suggest that mitochondrial DNA may be a target in the carcinogenic process induced by nitrosamine compounds. PMID- 3922839 TI - Neoplastic angioendotheliosis with B lymphocyte markers on neoplastic cells: a case report. AB - Neoplastic angioendotheliosis (NAE) is a rare disease characterized by the occlusion of small vessels by apparently neoplastic medium-sized cells. The origin of these cells remains undetermined, mainly because the diagnosis in most of these cases has been made on autopsy. This report describes a case of NAE from whom a biopsy specimen was obtained and studied immunohistologically. The cells occluding small vessels of this patient bear B cell markers such as monoclonal immunoglobulin (mu, lambda), Leu14, B1, OKB2, and Dako-PanB, whereas they do not react with antibodies against delta- and kappa-chain of immunoglobulin (Ig), or antibodies against markers of T cells, myelomonocytic cells and endothelial cells. These results show clearly that the cells occluding the small vessels of this patient are neoplastic and of B cell lineage. This is the first case of NAE in whom the neoplastic cells in the blood vessels have been proved to be of lymphocytic lineage. PMID- 3922840 TI - Purification and characterization of an antitumor principle from Streptococcus hemolyticus, Su strain. AB - An antitumor principle (SAGP) has been purified from cell-free crude extract (CE) of group A Streptococcus hemolyticus, Su strain. The antitumor activity of each fraction was evaluated by measuring the in vitro growth inhibitory effect on transformed hamster embryonic lung cells (THEL). CE was subjected to thermal treatment, streptomycin precipitation, ammonium sulfate precipitation, and chromatography on octyl-Sepharose CL-4B, DEAE-cellulose, and Sephadex G-200 in that order. The active fraction from the last chromatography was dialyzed against distilled water. The resulting precipitate was removed and the supernatant was lyophilized (SAGP). SAGP is a homogeneous glycoprotein as judged by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, gel filtration, immunodiffusion, and PAS staining. The molecular weight of SAGP was determined to be 140,000 to 150,000 by the gel filtration technique. SAGP is composed of subunits, each of which has a molecular weight of about 50,000. The isoelectric point of SAGP is 4.3. Amino acid analysis revealed an abundance of aspartic and glutamic acid residues in SAGP. The 50% growth inhibitory dose of SAGP on THEL was 0.062 micrograms/ml. Intraperitoneal administration of SAGP (20 mg/kg/day X 4) to ICR mice bearing Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells increased their life span to 254% of the control. PMID- 3922841 TI - Characteristics of antiviral and anticellular activities of human recombinant interferon-gamma. AB - The antiviral and anticellular activities of recombinant human interferon-gamma (Re-IFN-gamma) were compared with those of natural human interferon-gamma (IFN gamma), natural human interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha), and recombinant human interferon-beta (ReIFN-beta). ReIFN-gamma and IFN-gamma induced the antiviral state in FL cells against Sindbis virus more rapidly than IFN-alpha or ReIFN beta. The antiviral state induced by a short exposure time to IFN-gamma declined rapidly after the removal of IFN-gamma and the incubation of FL cells in fresh medium, whereas that induced by ReIFN-gamma was persistent. However, other characteristics of the antiviral activity of ReIFN-gamma were shown to be very similar to those of IFN-gamma (e.g., stability at 56 degrees or pH 2.0, and neutralization by anti-IFN serum). The anticellular spectrum of ReIFN-gamma or IFN-gamma against 26 human cell lines differed in some respects from that of IFN alpha or ReIFN-beta, since ReIFN-gamma and IFN-gamma were more effective at inhibiting the growth of human carcinoma or sarcoma cell lines. The IC50 (IFN concentration required for 50% growth inhibition) values of ReIFN-gamma were several times smaller than those of IFN-gamma in all cell lines sensitive to both IFNs. ReIFN-gamma and IFN-gamma, but not IFN-alpha or ReIFN-beta, were cytotoxic against HeLa S3 cells. These cytotoxicities of both IFNs were inactivated by treatment at 56 degrees or pH 2.0 and by anti-ReIFN-gamma serum. These results indicate that the characteristics of antiviral and anticellular activities of ReIFN-gamma are somewhat different from those of other IFNs including IFN-gamma. PMID- 3922842 TI - "Pan-myeloid" reagent: the monoclonal antibody MCS-2 in the routine immunodiagnostic service of leukemia phenotyping. AB - This retrospective analysis describes the reactivity of several monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) which detect myelomonocytic antigens of the cells of 182 leukemias. These leukemias were assigned to definite subtypes of lymphocytic and myelo(mono)-cytic leukemias on the basis of standard leukemia phenotyping using morphological, cytochemical, isoenzymatic and mainly immunological criteria. The MoAb MCS-2 was negative in all cases of lymphocytic leukemia, whereas two of the three other commonly used "myeloid MoAbs" MCS-1, OKM-1 and 1/12/13 showed positivity in B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL), B-lymphoma (MCS-1), T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) and Sezary syndrome (OKM-1). MCS-2 was positive in all samples of acute myelomonoblastic leukemia (AMMoL), chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML) and CML-myeloid blast crisis, which was not the case for MCS-1, OKM-1, or 1/12/13. In 14 cases (11 acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML), 3 CML myeloid blast crisis) where MCS-2 was positive and one or all of the three other MoAbs were negative, the cells were mainly Ia-positive and peroxidase-negative. MCS-2 is a diagnostically important MoAb in the routine leukemia phenotyping of myelomonocytic leukemias. After having tested a large number of normal and malignant specimens, we would like to term MCS-2 a "pan-myeloid MoAb" reacting with the myelomonocytic cell lineage from the earliest myeloblast to granulocytes and monocytes. PMID- 3922843 TI - Gastrointestinal involvement in neurofibromatosis: angiographic presentation. AB - A large neurofibroma associated with gastrointestinal hemorrhage was demonstrated by visceral arteriography. The findings are correlated with those of resected pathologic specimen. PMID- 3922844 TI - Endoscopic removal of common bile duct stones through the intact papilla after medical sphincter dilation. AB - Recently, glyceryl trinitrate was shown to effectively dilate the smooth muscle of the sphincter of Oddi. This information was applied to endoscopic therapy of bile duct stones. In 21 patients a total of 32 common bile duct stones, 6-12 mm (means = 8.7 mm) in diameter, were removed through the intact sphincter after its medical dilation by administration of 1.2-3.6 mg glyceryl trinitrate. Thirty of 32 stones could be extracted without difficulty. The remaining two concrements had to be crushed by endoscopic mechanical lithotripsy before removal. No complications were observed during or after the procedure. Follow-up manometric examinations showed the papillary function to be well preserved. We therefore consider this new, safe, and easy method to be the treatment of choice for the removal of small- and medium-sized bile duct stones. PMID- 3922845 TI - Long-term follow-up of patients with Crohn's disease. Relationship between the clinical pattern and prognosis. AB - In a study of 615 new patients with Crohn's disease consecutively diagnosed at the Cleveland Clinic between 1966 and 1969, 592 patients were observed (mean greater than 13 yr, minimum 7 yr), giving a follow-up rate of 96.3%. The original hypothesis was that initial anatomic involvement (the clinical pattern) bears directly on clinical course and prognosis. Disease sites were as follows: 246 ileocolic, 165 small intestine, and 181 colon/anorectal. Among patients with ileocolic disease, 225 (91.5%) had surgery. For the small intestine pattern, the operative incidence was 65.5%; for the colon/anorectal pattern, it was 58%. Operations were for specific reasons: internal fistula with abscess or intestinal obstruction for ileocolic pattern; intestinal obstruction for small intestine pattern; and severe perianal disease or toxic megacolon for colon/anorectal pattern. Complications among nonoperated patients included perianal fistulas and extraintestinal manifestations. No statistical correlation existed between type and duration of medical treatment and prognosis. Seventy-five deaths occurred (12.8%), 36 of which related directly to Crohn's disease. Even after many years, symptoms continued and quality of life tended to be suboptimal among operated patients. For nonoperated patients, the most favorable quality of life was experienced by those with segmental involvement of the colon or ileum. Poor prognosis correlated with ileocolic disease and presence of sepsis because of an internal fistula. PMID- 3922846 TI - CO2 during colonoscopy for safety and comfort. PMID- 3922847 TI - Diagnosis of ileocecal and colonic tuberculosis by colonoscopy. AB - The colonoscopic findings in 11 proven cases of ileocecal tuberculosis consisted of deformed ileocecal valve in all 11 and contracted cecal lumen in 10. This was associated with mucosal nodules predominantly around the ileocecal valve, pseudopolypoid folds, and mucosal protuberance. Two patients had an isolated cecal ulcer. In three of the 11 patients the examination enabled a histologic diagnosis to be made on the basis of typical granuloma. In the other four patients Mycobacterium tuberculosis was isolated from the tissue obtained through biopsies. PMID- 3922848 TI - Evidence for negative feedback control of the release of [3H]serotonin from superfused mouse cerebellum slices induced by electrical field stimulation. AB - Slices of mouse cerebellum preloaded with [3H]serotonin were superfused with a solution of Krebs-Ringer phosphate. The effects of exogenous serotonin, serotonin antagonists, fluoxetine, Ca2+ absence, Ca2+ chelation and frequency of stimulation on basal and electrically induced tritium overflow were investigated. Exogenous unlabeled serotonin decreased the stimulus-evoked tritium overflow in a concentration-related manner. This effect was blocked by simultaneous administration of methiothepin, but not by methysergide. When given alone, methiothepin did not alter the electrically induced tritium overflow at 50 Hz, but did potentiate the increased tritium overflow produced at 100 Hz. The basal tritium efflux was increased by exogenous serotonin, but this effect was reversed by the simultaneous administration of fluoxetine. Under this condition exogenous serotonin reduced the basal tritium efflux in a concentration-related manner. Superfusion of the slices with a Ca2+-free solution alone or in the presence of EGTA, reduced the basal tritium efflux and the stimulated tritium overflow. These results support the existence of serotoninergic presynaptic inhibitory autoreceptors in the cerebellum of the mouse. PMID- 3922849 TI - Calcium reversal: inhibition by Ca ion of sustained contraction in Ca-free medium induced by various agonists in rat uterine smooth muscle. AB - Various agonists induced sustained contractions of estrogen-dominated rat uterine smooth muscle in Ca-free salt solution containing 0.2 mM EGTA after incubation of the muscle with 3 mM EGTA for 1 hr. The magnitudes of contraction varied with agonists. (bradykinin greater than oxytocin greater than or equal to vasopressin greater than PGF2 alpha greater than angiotensin II greater than acetylcholine greater than or equal to PGE2 greater than or equal to 5-hydroxytryptamine. Addition of 10(-4) Ca ion reduced the tension developed: Ca ion inhibited these contractions when they were sufficiently large (marked inhibition on bradykinin-, oxytocin-, and vasopressin-induced contractions; definite one on PGF2 alpha induced contraction), as observed previously with oxytocin-induced contraction under the same conditions and named "Ca Reversal". PMID- 3922850 TI - Improving the diagnostic quality of radiographs by reduction. PMID- 3922851 TI - Functional specificity of gonadotropin and thyrotropin in Fundulus heteroclitus. AB - Gonadotropic hormones (GTHs) and thyrotropic hormones (TSHs) reportedly bear close evolutionary and structural relationships, and the thyroid appears to be active in reproduction in some fish species. We tested the sensitivity of the thyroid of Fundulus heteroclitus to glycoprotein hormones from mammalian and piscine sources. Six mammalian glycoprotein hormones, including four gonadotropins and two thyrotropins, produced dose-dependent elevations in serum thyroxin. A release of endogenous gonadotropins was elicited by injecting GnRH. This resulted in gonadal stimulation, with no alteration in circulating thyroxin levels and the rate of radioiodine uptake. We also treated fish with partially purified salmon gonadotropin (SG-G100). The gonadotropic actions of this extract were confirmed by steroid elevations, and again T4 and 125I uptake remained at resting levels. The lack of response of the thyroid gland to fish gonadotropins suggests that TSH receptors in Fundulus heteroclitus can differentiate between endogenous thyrotropin and gonadotropin(s), even though most heterologous glycoprotein hormones are thyrotropic. PMID- 3922852 TI - The ecological genetics of introduced populations of the giant toad Bufo marinus. II. Effective population size. AB - The allele frequencies are described at ten polymorphic enzyme loci (of a total of 22 loci sampled) in 15 populations of the neotropical giant toad, Bufo marinus, introduced to Hawaii and Australia in the 1930s. The history of establishment of the ten populations is described and used as a framework for the analysis of allele frequency variances. The variances are used to determine the effective sizes of the populations. The estimates obtained (390 and 346) are reasonably precise, homogeneous between localities and much smaller than estimates of neighborhood size obtained previously using ecological methods. This discrepancy is discussed, and it is concluded that the estimates obtained here using genetic methods are the more reliable. PMID- 3922853 TI - Segregation of centric Y-autosome translocations in Drosophila melanogaster. I. Segregation determinants in males. PMID- 3922854 TI - Segregation of centric Y-autosome translocations in Drosophila melanogaster. II. Segregation determinants in females. PMID- 3922855 TI - A cloned human immunoglobulin heavy chain gene with a novel direct-repeat sequence in 5' flanking region. AB - A rearranged human immunoglobulin gamma 1 heavy-chain gene (HIG1) was cloned from a human plasma cell leukemia cell line, ARH-77. The cloned gene possessed a unique direct repeat sequence of 84 bp in the 5' flanking region as well as an enhancer-like element in the JH-C gamma 1 intron. The latter sequence is located 1 kb downstream of 3' end of the J6 exon. The direct-repeat sequence in the 5' flanking region contained a core-like sequence resembling that of viral enhancer elements. It is located in the intron between two leader exons. P1 nuclease mapping and exonuclease VII digestion experiments showed that most of the direct repeats are noncoding regions and spliced out from the transcript. These data suggested that HIG1 gene might have two kinds of enhancer-like elements at both sides of the V region gene. HIG1 gene has been introduced by the protoplast fusion into mouse myeloma cells (NSI and J558L cells) and mouse fibroblasts. A pSV2gpt vector containing HIG1 gene (pSV2-HIG1) was used to transform the cells. The amounts of mRNA synthesized in the transformed cells were at least 50 to 100 times larger than those in ARH-77 cells, although about one copy of HIG1 gene was present in DNA of a transformed cell. HIG1 gene was not expressed in fibroblasts, indicating that the enhancer of HIG1 gene acts in a tissue-specific manner but not in a species-specific one. The role of two kinds of enhancer-like elements in HIG1 gene is discussed in connection with the high-level expression of this gene in mouse myeloma cells. PMID- 3922856 TI - Intravascular oesophageal variceal pressure (IOVP) assessed by endoscopic fine needle puncture under basal conditions, Valsalva's manoeuvre and after glyceryltrinitrate application. AB - A simple and safe procedure providing sensitive and reproducible direct measurement of intravascular oesophageal variceal pressure (IOVP) during routine oesophagoscopy is described. The method requires only commercially available equipment. First results were obtained in 16 patients with oesophageal varices caused by liver cirrhosis (Child's A) can be summarised as follows: intravascular oesophageal variceal pressure was nearly identical in different varices of the single patient. Varices grade III exhibited a significantly higher intravascular oesophageal variceal pressure than varices grade II (22.7 +/- 2.5 vs 15.7 +/- 0.6 mmHg, p less than 0.05). After Valsalva's manoeuvre there was a remarkable increase in intravascular oesophageal variceal pressure by 13.6 +/- 1.0 mmHg irrespective of the variceal size. The high intravascular oesophageal variceal pressure values observed in grade III varices during the rise of the intraabdominal pressure may indicate an important risk factor for variceal haemorrhage. Glyceryltrinitrate (1.2 mg sprayed onto the tongues of 14 patients) very effectively lowered the intravascular oesophageal variceal pressure from 22.8 +/- 2.0 to 12.0 +/- 0.4 mmHg in grade III varices, and from 16.3 +/- 0.4 to 10.0 +/- 0.4 mmHg in grade II varices (p less than 0.005 in both groups). We conclude that this method provides a suitable tool to study the effect of drugs with presumed influence on the oesophageal variceal pressure and that the impressive effect of glyceryltrinitrate in lowering intravascular oesophageal variceal pressure warrants further study on the effect of longer acting nitrates on intravascular oesophageal variceal pressure, and the rebleeding rate after oesophageal variceal haemorrhage. PMID- 3922857 TI - [Preservation of the spleen after injury and in Gaucher's disease]. PMID- 3922858 TI - Transfer of liposome-encapsulated plasmid DNA to Bacillus subtilis protoplasts and calcium-treated Escherichia coli cells. AB - Protoplasts of Bacillus subtilis 168 trpC2 str and cells of Escherichia coli SK 1590 after treatment with calcium chloride were transformed to tetracycline resistance with the recombinant plasmid pUN82 entrapped in the reverse phase evaporation liposomes. Frequency of transfer was 4 X 10(-4)% in B. subtilis and 8 X 10(-6)% in E. coli. PMID- 3922859 TI - [Problems in nutrition and management of cancer patients]. PMID- 3922860 TI - [Archaebacteria: life under extreme conditions. Interdisciplinary principle research with perspectives for a new biotechnology]. PMID- 3922861 TI - [Recent development of hematological study by bone marrow cell culture]. PMID- 3922862 TI - [Early morphological changes in the developments of the striated muscles of normal and dystrophic chickens. The quantitative histological and histochemical studies]. PMID- 3922863 TI - Hydrazonopropionic acids, a new class of hypoglycemic substances. 5. Inhibition of hepatic gluconeogenesis by 2-(3-methylcinnamyl-hydrazono)-propionate in the rat and guinea pig. AB - 2-(3-Methyl-cinnamyl-hydrazono)-propionate (MCHP) is a new compound which effectively lowers the blood glucose level in guinea pigs. 0.04 mmol/l MCHP inhibited glucose formation from lactate, pyruvate and alanine, but not from dihydroxyacetone in the perfused guinea pig liver. In the presence of both hexanoic acid and alanine, 0.04 mmol/l MCHP did not effect hepatic gluconeogenesis. Gluconeogenesis was probably reduced by an inhibition of the pyruvate carboxylase: The pattern of hepatic metabolite concentrations indicated a block between pyruvate and the triose phosphates. The intrahepatic concentration of acetyl-CoA was consistently decreased. The decrease of the acetyl-CoA concentration could be explained by an influence of MCHP on the fatty acid oxidations, which occurred at the carnitine palmitoyl transferase (CPT) step. This hypothesis is supported by the fact that a medium chain fatty acid not requiring CPT reversed the inhibition of gluconeogenesis by MCHP. From all results reported it is concluded that transamination and oxidative phosphorylation were not effected to a degree relevant for the inhibition of gluconeogenesis by 0.04 mmol/l MCHP. PMID- 3922864 TI - Effect of castration and steroid treatment on the release of gonadotropins by the rat pituitary-hypothalamus complex in vitro. AB - Comparative in vitro studies on the release of LH and FSH by pituitary hypothalamus complex (PHC) with intact portal plexus and whole pituitary (PI) from adult male rats showed that PHC released LH at a greater rate and in larger amounts than PI. PHC and PI released FSH in comparable amounts and rates. Attempts were made to correlate serum gonadotropin levels to that released by PHC and PI at 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 46 days of post-castration (PC). Sham operated animals served as controls. Castration increased serum LH and FSH levels but in different profiles. CPHC and CPI (PHC and PI from castrated rats) released less LH than NPHC and NPI (PHC and PI from sham operated controls) till day 14 PC after which CPHC and CPI released more LH than NPHC and NPI respectively. Castration abolished the intrinsic capacity of PHC to secrete more LH than PI. CPHC and CPI secreted significantly less FSH than NPHC and NPI at 1, 3 and 7 days PC. At days 14 and 21 of post-castration PCNCP or CPI and NPHC or NPI released similar amounts of FSH. Administration of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT, 1 mg/rat/day) or estradiol valerate (EV, 1 microgram/rat/day) immediately following castration prevented the rise in serum LH and FSH but increased the amounts of LH and FSH released by CPHC and CPI. The treatment caused a marked stimulation of FSH released by CPI.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3922865 TI - Low thyroidal T3 in nodular goitrous tissue. AB - Six nodular tissues of non-treated and four of treated patients (suppressive treatment with thyroid hormones from three months to two years until the operation) with nodular non-toxic goitre contained low T3 (less than 1 ug/g w.w.). The results of iodothyronines and thyroglobulin (Tg) were compared with respective tissues containing T3 greater than 1 ug/g w.w. In non-treated patients, nodular tissues with low T3 and very high T4/T3 ratio showed T4 and Tg concentrations not different from the tissues with T3 greater than 1 ug/g w.w. In the goitres with low T3 of treated patients, T4 was also reduced but disproportionately to T3. Microscopically, nodular goitres with low T3 were characterized with gross fibrous infiltration and diffuse haemorrhage which was substantially different from histological findings in nodular goitres with T3 greater than 1 ug/g w.w. High T4/T3 ratio in the tissues with low T3 is similar to increased T4/T3 ratio in paranodular tissues of autonomously functioning adenomas. The results suggest that low T3 and high T4/T3 ratio in nodular goitrous tissue could be due to grossly impaired thyroid function or due to suppressed secretion of TSH. PMID- 3922866 TI - Prolactin and thyrotropin response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone in premenopausal women with fibrocystic disease of the breast. AB - Plasma PRL, TSH, total and free T4, total and free T3, and 17 beta-estradiol were evaluated in 29 premenopausal women with well-documented fibrocystic disease of the breast and in 29 healthy matched controls. Plasma PRL and TSH dynamics after acute TRH injection (200 micrograms i.v.) were also determined. All hormonal measurements were performed in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. Neither patients nor controls showed any thyroid function impairment. Basal plasma levels of the examined hormones were in the normal range in both groups. When considering data pertinent to PRL and TSH secretory patterns after TRH stimulation, no difference was recorded between patients and controls for TSH secretion, evaluated in terms of maximum peak, net (delta) and percent (delta %) increase above the baseline level and integrated area of response. On the contrary, the response of PRL was significantly higher in patients than controls (maximum peak at 20 min, mean +/- SE, 119.9 +/- 14.1 vs. 60.8 +/- 5.5 ng/ml, p less than 0.001; integrated area of response, 5,725 +/- 908 vs. 3,243 +/- 266 ng/ml/120 min, p less than 0.01). The results are compatible with the view that, in most patients with fibrocystic disease of the breast, there are abnormalities in the control of PRL secretion, which lead to enhanced release of the hormone after stimulation. In such cases the control of TSH appears to be operating normally. PMID- 3922867 TI - Changes in the levels of pituitary and steroid hormones in ovine and human ovarian follicular fluid. AB - Changes in the protein and steroid hormones of follicular fluid, aspirated from different follicles of sheep and human ovaries, have been measured and correlated with the size of the follicles. As the fluid contains a number of proteins, steroids have been measured directly and after ether extraction. The follicular fluid concentrations of progesterone and 17 beta-oestradiol measured directly in the fluid increased with the size of the follicles. The levels of free testosterone remained constant in all sizes of follicles, while those of bound hormone showed a 10- to 15-fold increase over the free testosterone concentrations in both the sheep and human follicular fluid. A decrease in the levels of bound testosterone in the fluid of large follicles (LFFL) coincided with the increase in bound 17 beta-oestradiol, suggesting the possible conversion of bound testosterone to oestrogen as the follicle attained maturity. The ratio of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) to luteinizing hormone (LH) varied in the fluid obtained from different size follicles, being 1:7 in small (SFFL), 1.3.5 in medium (MFFL) and 1:2.3 in large (LFFL) follicles of sheep ovaries. The LH content of follicular fluid of different size follicles appeared to be the same, with LFFL showing a minor increase over SFFL. In the human, the fluid from medium follicles contained very little LH compared to LFFL. These differences in the pattern of LH levels present in the fluid from different size follicles between human and sheep ovaries presumably reflect species variations in the entry of LH into the follicles. PMID- 3922869 TI - The heat-shock response is for hepatologists, too. PMID- 3922868 TI - The effect of the combination of nitroglycerin and propranolol on splanchnic and systemic hemodynamics in a portal hypertensive rat model. AB - Present investigations support major contributions from increases in both portal blood flow and portal vascular resistance in the mechanism that maintains portal hypertension. beta-Adrenergic blockers have been shown to reduce the elevated portal blood flow component. The possibility that nitroglycerin administration could reduce the elevated portal vascular resistance component is investigated here. Portal hypertension was induced in rats by a calibrated constriction of the portal vein. Portal hypertensive rats receiving placebo exhibited significant (p less than 0.05) elevations over normal rats receiving placebo in cardiac index, portal venous inflow and portal pressure. Portal hypertensive rats were then divided into groups receiving nitroglycerin infusion, propranolol (beta adrenergic blockade) and combined administration of nitroglycerin and propranolol. Significant reductions (p less than 0.05) in portal blood flow of 30, 32 and 44%, respectively, were accompanied by significant portal pressure reductions of 2.7 +/- 0.2, 1.7 +/- 0.3 and 3.6 +/- 0.4 mm Hg in all groups, respectively (p less than 0.05). Nitroglycerin failed to prevent a 46% rise in portal-collateral resistance accompanying the portal blood flow reduction, similar to resistance rises also found in propranolol-treated (33%) and combination nitroglycerin-propranolol-treated (49%) groups. We conclude that nitroglycerin infusion can significantly reduce portal pressure, alone or in combination with beta-blockade, by reducing portal venous inflow. It appears that nitroglycerin reduces portal blood flow through the effect of baroreceptor sympathetic reflexes that constrict the splanchnic bed in response to vasodilatation and venous pooling. PMID- 3922870 TI - Pharmacogenetics and encainide. PMID- 3922871 TI - Primary lymphoma of the breast. AB - Four cases of lymphoma of the breast are described seen over a period of 2 years amongst 362 cases of breast carcinoma and one of carcinosarcoma. All four were diffuse non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, two of IgM-Kappa secreting follicle centre cell and two of histiocyte origin. Routine histological and enzyme histochemical methods were unhelpful but the application of a panel of antisera for the demonstration of immunoglobulin heavy and light chains, lysozyme, alpha-1 antitrypsin as well as carcinoembryonic antigen and epithelial membrane antigen, enabled a confident diagnosis to be made. Primary lymphoma of the breast may not be a rare disease and the possibility exists that it is misdiagnosed as anaplastic carcinoma as indeed two of these cases were on the initial biopsies. Correct diagnosis is essential so that appropriate treatment may be applied. PMID- 3922872 TI - DRGs spark interest abroad for planning. PMID- 3922873 TI - Is NMR right for your hospital? PMID- 3922874 TI - Home care bears brunt of DRG system. PMID- 3922875 TI - Acquired spontaneous cytotoxicity of K562 in a subpopulation of monocytes. AB - Human peripheral blood monocytes were placed on a discontinuous density gradient of bovine serum albumin and fractionated into five subpopulations. Cells from each subpopulation were assayed for spontaneous cytotoxic activity against K562 tumor cells. Immediately following fractionation, monocytes were not cytotoxic. Following incubation for at least 48 hr, monocytes from two layers of the gradients clearly exhibited greater spontaneous cytotoxic activity than all others. The degree of cytotoxicity expressed by cells of these layers was enhanced by the addition of indomethacin and inhibited by prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Monocytes acquiring spontaneous cytotoxicity did not secrete measurable levels of PGE2 and had increased levels of purine nucleoside phosphorylase after 72 hs of culture in vitro. Surface markers HNK-1 and Mac-1 normally associated with cytotoxic function, were detected on these cells by indirect immunofluorescence at isolation and after culture. The fraction with the greatest cytotoxic activity showed an increase in the proportion of cells displaying reactivity to HNK-1 after culture compared to initial isolation. PMID- 3922876 TI - In vivo activation of murine natural killer cell functions by human recombinant DNA interleukin 2. AB - Intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of purified human recombinant DNA (rDNA) interleukin 2 (IL 2) resulted in in vivo activation of local natural killer (NK) cell activities in wild-type and congenitally athymic mice. NK cells were identified by short-term cytotoxicity assays against YAC tumor targets and by cell-surface phenotyping. The magnitude of the cytolytic responses was dependent on the IL 2 dose (greater than or equal to 0.1 microgram per injection) and the time period of treatment (the maximum response was on days 3 to 4 after daily treatment). In vivo application of antisera against the murine NK marker asialo GM1 (asGM1) and against interferon-alpha/beta and -gamma (IFN) significantly inhibited NK cell activation. Limiting dilution analysis revealed high frequencies (up to 1 in 1.8 X 10(3)) of in vitro IL 2 reactive mononuclear cells among the peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) of normal mice. rDNA-IL 2 activated non adherent PEC to proliferate. The majority of these cultures also displayed cytotoxicity against YAC targets. No exogenous IFN was required for either response. Endogenous IFN production did not appear to play an important role for induction of cytotoxicity in this system either. Only a minority of cultures produced measurable levels of IFN without showing excessive cytotoxic activity. In vivo IL 2 treatment resulted in a rapid increase of the total numbers and frequencies of the IL 2 reactive PEC. Hence, IL 2 alone was apparently sufficient for in vitro activation of NK-like activities, whereas IFN-induction by IL 2 was required for in vivo elicitation of similar responses in perhaps the same cell populations. PMID- 3922877 TI - Multiple myeloma with monoclonal IgG and IgD of lambda type exhibiting, under treatment, a shift from mainly IgG to mainly IgD. AB - A patient with multiple myeloma (MM), who initially presented with a predominant IgG lambda and a minor IgD lambda paraprotein pattern, is described. After chemotherapy, levels of the IgD lambda protein increased and the IgG lambda levels decreased. The following results were obtained when serum IgD was predominant. In the bone marrow, there were three plasma cell populations: a major one containing only delta chains, a minor one containing only gamma chains, and another minor one containing both delta and gamma chains. All these plasma cell populations contained lambda chains. Stimulation of circulating mononuclear cells with pokeweed mitogen (PWM) achieved differentiation of circulating B lymphocytes into plasma cells: 30% with only cytoplasmic delta lambda chains and 10% with only cytoplasmic gamma lambda chains. These IgG-containing plasma cells showed cytoplasmic reactivity with rabbit antiserum raised against monoclonal IgD which was shown to contain specificities recognizing both delta chains and idiotypic determinants present in both serum IgD lambda and IgG lambda. Circulating B lymphocytes were 'monoclonal': almost all expressed surface delta lambda chains, and a small proportion of them expressed both delta gamma and lambda chains. High levels of IgD were detected in the supernatants of all cultures, but high concentrations of IgG were only detected in those from PWM stimulated cultures with very low levels of IgM and IgA. These findings suggest that plasma cells producing either IgD or IgG were derived from a common B-cell clone. Double paraproteinaemia exhibiting a shift in immunoglobulin production from IgG to IgD has not been previously described. PMID- 3922878 TI - Bifunctional lymphocyte regulation by human Fc gamma fragments and a synthetic peptide, p23, derived from the Fc region. AB - Fc fragments of human IgG1 and the synthetic peptide, p23, representing residues 335-357 in the CH3 domain of IgG1 were able to increase levels of secreted Ig in murine spleen cell cultures. B cell activation by Fc gamma fragments was macrophage- and T cell-dependent whereas activation by p23 was only T cell dependent. Induction of Ig secretion by both stimulators was influenced by endogenous oxidative products of arachidonate, as evidenced by the augmentation of Ig levels in cell cultures treated with indomethacin (IM), a prostaglandin (PG) synthetase inhibitor. Both Fc gamma fragments and p23 were able to induce the release of PGE from splenic adherent macrophages and, in the former case, the release was inhibited by either IM or aspirin. Moreover, addition of either exogenous PGE1 or PGE2 reduced the levels of secreted Ig in Fc gamma fragment- or p23-stimulated cell cultures. These data suggest that B cell activation by Fc gamma fragments is influenced by the concomitant induction of suppressive PG. PMID- 3922879 TI - Cell-mediated reactivity against human and Trypanosoma cruzi antigens according to clinical status in Chagas' disease patients. AB - The presence of cellular reactivity against homologous tissues and subcellular fractions of Trypanosoma cruzi was investigated in Chagas' disease patients (CDP). CDP were grouped in asymptomatic (CDP-1) and with probable (CDP-2) and overt (CDP-3) cardiomyopathy. Healthy and non-Chagasic cardiomyopathic subjects were studied as controls. Lymphoproliferative reactions against heart tissue extracts were detected in 42% of 72 CDP studied, with similar prevalence of positive reactions in all groups, and correlated with reactivity to both liver and kidney homologous tissues (P less than 0.001). These results confirm the existence of cellular immune reactivity against tissues in CDP, and indicate the lack of organ specificity of this reaction as well as the absence of relation with the clinical state of patients. Cellular reactivity to subcellular fractions of T. cruzi showed a definite pattern according to the clinical status of CDP. Although prevalence of T. cruzi stimulation appeared similar in all groups (70% in CDP-1, 82% in CDP-2 and 75% in CDP-3), CDP-3 showed a significantly higher reactivity to flagellar (69%) and cytosol (63%) fractions than CDP-1 (38 and 27%, respectively). These findings suggest a variable modulation of immune response according to the clinical state of T. cruzi infected subjects. PMID- 3922880 TI - FT-2 antigen for distinguishing lymphocyte subpopulations in the developing thymus. AB - The surface phenotypes of lymphoid cells in the developing embryonic thymus were characterized by using monoclonal antibodies. FT-2 antigen thus defined was predominantly expressed on thymocytes in the earlier embryonic stages in all the inbred mouse strains tested. The immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase tests indicated that, like FT-1 antigen, the proportion of FT-2+ fetal thymocytes rapidly decreased with increase in gestation time, and these cells disappeared by day 19 of gestation. The treatment of fetal thymocytes with anti-FT-1 plus complement eliminated not only FT-1+, but also FT-2+ cells, whereas the treatment with anti-FT-2 failed to eliminate approximately 40% of FT-1+ cells, suggesting that embryonic thymocytes can be provisionally divided into at least three subpopulations, FT-1+2+, FT-1+2- and FT-1-2-. PMID- 3922881 TI - Mechanism of enhancing effect of irradiation on production of IL-2. AB - In order to explain the mechanism of enhancing effect of irradiation on IL-2 production, assumption that radio-induced free radicals could act as a signal for mitogenesis and/or increase lipid peroxidation of T lymphocyte membrane phospholipids was made. Thus, production of metabolites of the lipoxygenase pathway in the arachidonic acid (AA) cascade, known to increase T cell proliferation and lymphokine production could be enhanced by irradiation. We have shown that (1) hydroxyl radical scavenger (DMSO) abolished IL-2 production, (2) inhibitor of the lipoxygenase pathway (NDGA) strongly decreased IL-2 production, (3) thin layer chromatography demonstrated a polar metabolite(s) of AA in increasing amounts according to the following order: non-irradiated resting cells, non-irradiated stimulated cells, irradiated resting cells, and irradiated stimulated cells. Investigations are in progress to identify this metabolite. PMID- 3922882 TI - H-2 control of expression of an idiotype shared by normal B cells and a B-cell lymphoma. AB - The spleens of normal B10.H-2aH-4bp/Wts (2a4b) mice contain cells which, in response to mitogen stimulation, secrete hemolytic antibody specific for a determinant present on both sheep and bromelain-treated mouse erythrocytes. These cells were found to be Ly-1 positive. Approximately 50% of these cells bear surface immunoglobulin (sIg) with the same idiotype as the sIg of a 2a4b-derived B-cell lymphoma, CH12. Backcross analysis revealed H-2 control of the frequency of the idiotype-positive B cell. The regulatory gene did not correlate with the Igh-1 allotype, and analysis of 22 inbred mouse strains mapped the gene to the I E subregion. Surprisingly, only strains homozygous for Ek alpha expressed the idiotype, and expression was a recessive trait. Possible mechanisms for this control of idiotype expression and its relation to lymphomagenesis are discussed. PMID- 3922883 TI - The influence of Igh-1 genes on the class and subclass distribution of oxazolone specific antibodies. AB - Previous studies have demonstrated that the level of the oxazolone-specific antibody response induced by contact sensitization is under the control of H-2 and Igh-1-linked genes. The aim of the present study was to clarify the role of H 2 and Igh-1 genes in the regulation of antibody affinity and isotype composition of oxazolone-specific antibodies. Analysis of the antibody response to oxazolone has revealed different ratios of IgG2a and IgG2b antibodies in mice carrying the Igh-1b allele and in strains carrying alleles a, c, and e. The characteristic ratio of IgG2a and IgG2b isotypes persisted during the whole period of the primary and secondary antibody response of CBA and CBA-Igb Igh-C congenic mice. The Igh-1-linked genes influenced the isotype distribution and not the affinity of oxazolone-specific antibodies induced by contact sensitization. PMID- 3922885 TI - [Carnitine--biochemistry and clinical aspects]. AB - Carnitine was discovered in 1905. The human organism is able to synthetize carnitine from lysine and methionine. However the most important source of carnitine in human nutrition is meat. Carnitine plays a central role in the oxidation of long chain fatty acids, mediating their transport across the inner mitochondrial membrane. By means of the intramitochondrial reaction of acetyl-CoA with carnitine it favours an improved availability of CoA. This mechanism seems to be of major importance when pathological short chain fatty acids are accumulated within the mitochondrial matrix. Carnitine deficiency can be inborn or acquired. Thereby myopathy is always a prominent clinical symptom. Secondary carnitine deficiency occurs most frequently in uremic patients under intermittent hemodialysis. There is a positive inotropic effect of carnitine on the ischemic heart muscle. As a consequence of this effect, carnitine is on the way to become a substance with broadest clinical indications. If young infants are alimented parenterally with fat emulsions, carnitine should be substituted. This also happens to be the case in adult patients when total parenteral nutrition lasts longer than 20 days. PMID- 3922884 TI - Angiotensin increases cytosolic free calcium in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells. AB - We used the calcium-sensitive fluorescent indicator quin 2 to monitor changes in cytosolic free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) associated with angiotensin II receptor activation in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells isolated from rat aorta. Resting [Ca2+]i in unstimulated vascular smooth muscle cells was 198 +/- 7 nM. Angiotensin II induced concentration-dependent rapid increases in [Ca2+]i (threshold congruent to 10(-11) M; effective concentration, 50% congruent to 5 X 10(-10) M; maximum congruent to 10(-8) M); the rate of increase in [Ca2+]i also appeared to be concentration dependent. The angiotensin II-induced changes were completely blocked by the angiotensin II receptor antagonist [Sar1, Ile8] angiotensin II. In the presence of extracellular calcium, 10(-8) M angiotensin II induced an increase in [Ca2+]i that reached peak values of five to six times the resting levels within 15 seconds, followed by a gradual decline to a plateau at two to three times the resting level. When EGTA was added to chelate external calcium, the angiotensin II-induced increases in peak [Ca2+]i were attenuated and the plateau phase was abolished. These data show that (1) quin 2 can be used in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells to study changes in calcium homeostasis induced by angiotensin II, and (2) angiotensin II acts on cultured vascular smooth muscle cells to cause a rapid increase in [Ca2+]i that appears to depend on both the mobilization of intracellular calcium and the influx of extracellular calcium. PMID- 3922886 TI - [Short-chain peptides in parenteral nutrition]. AB - Peptides might be considered as brand new candidates to parenteral nutrition. Their potential use is based on the assumption that tailored amino acid solutions will increase the benefit of intravenous nutrition for specific patient groups. In this review certain historical aspects and old but still relevant observations are commented. New discoveries and future directions with regard to intact peptide assimilation and utilization of intravenously supplied peptides are summarized. PMID- 3922887 TI - [Problems in the tube feeding of neurosurgical intensive care patients. Incidence and course in different diets]. AB - In a prospective randomized trial we observed the incidence and the course of disturbances of gastrointestinal function in patients suffering from disturbances of consciousness due to acute cerebral lesions. Patients were fed by nasogastric tube using two different commercial preparations. Gastrointestinal problems were limiting this form of alimentation, but were influenced by means of diet. PMID- 3922889 TI - [Experiences with an industrially prepared, fully balanced domestic tube-diet (Nutrodrip) in comparison with usual clinical kitchen tube feeding in postoperative nutrition of jaw surgery patients]. AB - In a clinical study on postoperative nutrition the effects of a industrially prepared native physiological diet were compared with hospital-made nasogastric tube diet in patients who underwent maxillo-facial surgery. Of particular interest were tolerance, healing process, side effects and laboratory parameters. Contents and practicability of the industrially prepared diet fulfilled the expectations. Moreover, the advantage of availability at any time, exact balance and dosage, sterility and stability is evident. Despite lower input of industrially made diet decrease in bodyweight did not differ in both groups. There was also no evident diet-related difference in laboratory parameters. Although some patients felt heart burn, early satiation and subjective rejection against a 'sterile bottled diet', the use of the tested industrially prepared native physiological diet seems to be convenient especially in hospitals where fabrication of balanced nasogastric tube diet is not possible. Our suggestions for improvement of acceptance have already been taken into consideration by the manufacturer. PMID- 3922888 TI - [Fat utilization in newborn infants with and without heparin administration. Comparative study with the 13C-triolein breath test]. AB - The elimination of parenterally administered lipids from the bloodstream of premature infants can be accelerated by activation of the lipoprotein-lipase using heparin. We have no evidence that the free fatty acids increasing under enhanced lipolytical activity are utilized for energy production. For this reason, the oxidation rates of intravenously administered lipids in premature infants are examined both with and without heparin. Triolein marked with 13C and processed in soybean oil is administered intravenously at a dosage of 10 mg/kg. 13CO2 results from fatty acid oxidation and is exhaled through the lungs, whereafter it is collected in separate breath samples over a period of 6 hours and determined by mass spectrometry. The examination was performed in 5 premature infants, first without heparin, then after heparin injection (10 U/kg). The extent of 13CO2 exhalation was not significantly influenced by heparin. Without heparin supply we measured a fatty acid oxidation of 32.0 +/- 2.57% which was the same (31.6 +/- 2.34%) after heparin injection. Single intravenous administration of 10 U heparin/kg does not cause increased fatty acid oxidation in premature infants. PMID- 3922890 TI - Immunological relationship of the B subunits of Campylobacter jejuni and Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxins. AB - The application of dissociation techniques, involving gel filtration in the presence of guanidine, to a semipurified preparation of Campylobacter jejuni heat labile enterotoxin yielded a material whose functional and immunological properties resemble those of the B subunits of cholera toxin and Escherichia coli heat-labile toxin (LT). The C. jejuni toxin B subunit reacted with GM1 ganglioside in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, but lacked the holotoxin's cytotonic activity in the Chinese hamster ovary tissue culture assay and its ability to cause fluid secretion in rat ileal ligated loops. The C. jejuni toxin B subunit showed lines of partial identity with the B subunits of both cholera toxin and LT in gel immunodiffusion; it appeared to be more closely related immunologically to the LT B subunit than to the cholera toxin B subunit in enzyme linked immunosorbent assays that used antisera either to LT or to its B subunit. Rats immunized with LT B subunit were significantly protected against challenge with either the semipurified C. jejuni toxin or a viable enterotoxigenic strain of C. jejuni, although twice the immunization dosage was required to achieve protection comparable to that against the homologous toxin or viable bacteria. These observations indicate that the C. jejuni enterotoxin contains a B subunit that bears an immunological relationship with the B subunits of cholera toxin and LT. PMID- 3922891 TI - Effect of calcium chloride on experimental infection of mice with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - Concomitant administration of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and calcium chloride to mice enhanced the virulence of some strains. The 50% lethal dose of P. aeruginosa 5 decreased by more than three orders of magnitude, regardless of the challenge route (intramuscular, subcutaneous, and intraperitoneal injection), while the 50% lethal dose of strain N10 did not decrease. When challenged intramuscularly with 10(4) organisms of strain 5 or strain N10 mixed with calcium chloride, both strains multiplied at the local site of injection. Strain 5 subsequently caused systemic infection, while strain N10 did not. The virulence-enhancing effect of calcium chloride can be successfully applied in protection assays for immunized mice challenged with strain 5. PMID- 3922892 TI - Influence of pH and fluoride on properties of an oral strain of Lactobacillus casei grown in continuous culture. AB - A freshly isolated oral strain, Lactobacillus casei RB1014, was grown in continuous culture to compare the effects of pH and fluoride on growth and metabolism. The cells were grown at pH 7.0 to 3.2 in the absence of fluoride and from pH 7.0 to 5.4 with 20 mM NaF. Cell numbers varied from 3 X 10(9) to 30 X 10(9)/ml on blood agar during alterations in the growth pH from 7.0 to 4.27. Only when the culture was stressed by lowering the pH to 3.2 were cell numbers drastically reduced. Cells growing at pH 7.0 without fluoride were unable to grow when plated on fluoride agar (10.5 mM) at pH 5.5; however, when the growth pH was allowed to decrease to 4.94, cells grew on the fluoride plates in numbers equal to those growing on blood agar. This fluoride tolerance trait appeared rapidly once pH control was removed and was lost when the culture was returned to pH 7.0. The addition of 20 mM NaF to the culture medium did not adversely affect growth, provided that the pH was maintained at 6.0 or above; cells tolerant to 10.5 and 16 mM NaF appeared on pH 5.5 plates during this phase. In cells removed from the chemostat throughout the experiment and incubated at the pH of growth in a pH stat, glycolytic activity was optimum at pH 5.5 in the absence of NaF. Fluoride stimulated glycolytic activity by cells incubated at pH 7.0 and by cells growing with 20 mM NaF, provided that the pH of growth remained at or above 6.0. A more detailed examination of the adaptation to fluoride tolerance during shifts to acidic pH values revealed that cells capable of growth on acidic fluoride agar plates appeared within 2 h of the start of the fall in pH of the chemostat culture. Estimation of the intracellular pH during the period of the initial pH fall revealed that the intracellular pH was identical to the extracellular pH (i.e., no pH gradient [delta pH]), indicating that fluoride would not be transported into the cells to inhibit metabolism. However, once the pH of the medium was stabilized, delta pHs were generated, with the delta pH increasing as the pH declined. The inhibition of glycolysis by fluoride increased in proportion to the delta pH. Cells grown at pH 5.5 generated larger delta pHs than did cells grown at pH 7.0, although the values were normally small (approximately 0.9 U). The data suggest that the inherent fluoride tolerance of L. casei RB1014 was associated with relatively small delta pHs. PMID- 3922893 TI - Analysis of polypeptide composition and antigenic components of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting. AB - Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of lysates of purified Rickettsia tsutsugamushi revealed as many as 30 polypeptide bands, including major bands corresponding to molecular sizes of 70, 60, 54 to 56, and 46 to 47 kilodaltons. Compared with the polypeptide composition of the rickettsiae of Gilliam, Karp, and Kato strains and a newly isolated Shimokoshi strain, the major polypeptide in the Kato strain (54-56K) and in the Karp strain (46-47K) migrated a little faster and slower, respectively, than the corresponding polypeptides in the other strains. The largest major polypeptide (54-56K) was digestible by the treatment of intact rickettsiae with trypsin and variable in content in separate preparations, suggesting that the polypeptide exists on the rickettsial surface and is easily degraded during the handling of these microorganisms. Several surface polypeptides of rickettsiae, including the 54-56K and 46-47K polypeptides, were detected by radioiodination of intact rickettsiae followed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the lysate; however, the 70K and 60K polypeptides were not labeled. Immunoblotting experiments with hyperimmune sera prepared in guinea pigs against each strain demonstrated that the 70K, 54-56K, and 46-47K polypeptides showed antigenic activities. The 54-56K polypeptide appeared to be strain specific, whereas the 70K and 46-47K polypeptides cross reacted with the heterologous antisera. PMID- 3922895 TI - Suppression of lymphocyte proliferation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa: mediation by Pseudomonas-activated suppressor monocytes. AB - Pseudomonas aeruginosa has been shown to suppress cell-mediated immunity in experimental animals, but recent reports have also demonstrated that there is a strong T-cell response to this bacteria. Our studies of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells showed a great variation in the in vitro proliferative response to killed P. aeruginosa, so we examined the interaction of the different mononuclear cells in cultures with this bacteria. P. aeruginosa stimulated the proliferation of T lymphocytes, specifically the surface-immunoglobulin-negative, T8- subset, which are felt to be T helper cells. P. aeruginosa added in coculture experiments to peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, or tetanus toxoid suppressed the proliferation to these latter antigens. This proliferation was not affected by the depletion of adherent monocytes from peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and the suppression was restored when monocytes were added back to these cultures. Moreover, monocytes pulsed with P. aeruginosa but not with S. aureus suppressed the antigen induced proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. This monocyte suppression was not inhibited by indomethacin and was unlikely to be the result of prostaglandin synthesis by these cells. Thus, P. aeruginosa can induce monocytes to suppress antigen-stimulated T-lymphocyte proliferation in vitro, and these suppressor cells may facilitate the growth of this organism in disorders such as cystic fibrosis. PMID- 3922896 TI - Epidemic outbreak of non-A, non-B hepatitis in a plasmapheresis center. I: Epidemiological observations. AB - An epidemic outbreak of non-A, non-B hepatitis occurred in 1977/78 involving 30 donors at a plasmapheresis center. A chimpanzee inoculated with serum of one donor developed non-A, non-B hepatitis with characteristic tubular alterations in the endoplasmatic reticulum. Infections were detected over a period of several months, with two well defined peaks in December 1977 and between the end of January and the beginning of February 1978. Epidemiological data suggested a spread within the center. The most probable mode of transmission was contamination with serum from plastic bags used for reinfusing erythrocytes. The estimated mean incubation time was 41 days (range 27 to 59 days). PMID- 3922894 TI - Bactericidal activity of human lysozyme, muramidase-inactive lysozyme, and cationic polypeptides against Streptococcus sanguis and Streptococcus faecalis: inhibition by chitin oligosaccharides. AB - The basis of the bactericidal activity of human lysozyme against Streptococcus sanguis was studied. Experiments were designed to evaluate the role of lysozyme muramidase activity in its bactericidal potency. Inactivation of the muramidase activity of lysozyme was achieved by reduction of essential disulfides with dithiothreitol (DTT) or by incubation with the chitin oligosaccharides chitotriose and chitobiose. Muramidase-inactive lysozyme, prepared by reduction with DTT, was equal in bactericidal potency to native lysozyme. Solutions of native chicken egg white lysozyme and human lysozyme exhibited equal bactericidal potency yet differed ca. fourfold with respect to lytic (muramidase) activity. The above results suggested that the bactericidal activity of lysozyme is not dependent upon muramidase activity. Chitotriose and chitobiose were found to inhibit both lytic and bactericidal activities of lysozyme. The bactericidal activity of muramidase-inactive lysozyme (reduction with DTT) was also inhibited by chitotriose and chitobiose. Further investigations demonstrated that chitotriose and chitobiose were also potent inhibitors of the bactericidal activity of the cationic homopolypeptides poly-L-arginine and poly-D-lysine. These latter results suggested that the essential bactericidal property of lysozyme was its extreme cationic nature and that some bacterial endogenous activities, inhibitable by chitotriose and chitobiose, were essential for expression of the bactericidal activity of either native or muramidase-inactive lysozyme or of the cationic homopolypeptides. Experiments with Streptococcus faecalis whole cells, cell walls, and crude autolysin preparations implicated endogenous autolytic muramidases as the bacterial targets of chitotriose and chitobiose. The essentially identical responses of S. sanguis and S. faecalis to chitotriose in bactericidal assays with muramidase-inactive lysozyme and polylysine suggested that muramidase-like enzymes exist in S. sanguis and, furthermore, play an essential role in cationic protein-induced loss of viability of the oral microbe. PMID- 3922897 TI - Epidemic outbreak of non-A, non-B hepatitis in a plasmapheresis center. II: Clinical observations and a four-year follow-up of patients. AB - An epidemic outbreak of non-A, non-B hepatitis occurred in 1977/78 involving 30 donors at a plasmapheresis center. Of 27 hospitalized patients with peak ALT values between 334 and 1736 (mean 831) IU/l, only 16 had subjective symptoms like fatigue and lack of appetite, 11 had nausea, 11 were jaundiced and one developed transient arthritis. Patients with jaundice became chronically ill significantly less frequently than those without jaundice. Nineteen of 26 patients followed up had elevated ALT values after 12 months (73%) and 11 after 46 months (42%). Needle liver biopsies performed in 18 of the 19 patients with elevated ALT after 12 months revealed chronic persistent hepatitis in 14 and chronic active hepatitis in three. Follow-up biopsies always showed improvement (nine patients) or complete recovery (eight patients). PMID- 3922898 TI - Anti-pseudomonal activity of HR 810. AB - The anti-pseudomonal activity of HR 810, a new 2-aminothiazolyl cephalosporin, was compared to that of carbenicillin, azlocillin and cefsulodin against 187 non fermenters. HR 810 was the best agent against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus with an MIC50 less than or equal to 4 mg/l and an MIC90 less than or equal to 16 mg/l. It was as effective as azlocillin against Pseudomonas stutzeri and Pseudomonas mendocina, with an MIC50 less than or equal to 0.25 mg/l and an MIC90 less than or equal to 1 mg/l. It was not active against other species of Pseudomonas or other non-fermenters such as Flavobacterium sp. PMID- 3922899 TI - New biochemical aspects of sweeteners. AB - It has been customary to explain the dentally beneficial effects of xylitol and certain other polyols in terms of microbiological effects only. The almost complete nonfermentability of xylitol in human dental plaque does contribute to the promising clinical findings that have been obtained both in human and animal trials. The nonfermentability or very low fermentability of xylitol by dental plaque leads to a number of consequential phenomena of possible significance in oral biology. The following are associated with the consumption of xylitol: a decrease in the production of lactic acid; the formation of soluble extracellular polysaccharides which make plaque less adhesive; an increase in the general nitrogen metabolism of dental plaque, this resulting in increased transamination and proteolysis with enhancement of the pool of free amino acids and the possibility of ammonia formation. When these effects are combined with the saliva stimulating properties of xylitol (common to all sweet carbohydrates), the mechanism of the xylitol effect may be more adequately explained. A number of physicochemical facts have, however, received very little attention. They include the following: xylitol and other polyols strongly protect proteins and enzymes from denaturation; xylitol and other polyols seem to govern the precipitation reactions that occur in saliva or in saturated calcium phosphate solutions. The former reactions may play a role in carbohydrate-induced wound healing and the maintenance of the integrity of the oral defence mechanisms. The latter reactions may manifest themselves in the inhibition of spontaneous precipitation of calcium phosphate; thus these polyols may mimic the function of innate inhibitors, statherin, for example. The total explanation of the xylitol effect may thus comprise aspects that are related both to microbiology and to physical chemistry. PMID- 3922900 TI - The antibacterial action of sodium hypochlorite and EDTA in 60 cases of endodontic therapy. PMID- 3922901 TI - Influence of orchidectomy or oestrogen treatment on serum levels of pregnancy associated alpha 2-glycoprotein and sex hormone binding globulin in patients with prostatic cancer. AB - Peripheral serum levels of testosterone, immunoreactive oestrogens (E2), FSH, LH, prolactin and growth hormone (hGH) and two steroid-sensitive proteins, 'pregnancy associated alpha 2-glycoprotein' (alpha 2-PAG) and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), were measured in patients with prostatic cancer before treatment and after orchidectomy or during combined oral and intramuscular oestrogen treatment. Following orchidectomy, the serum levels of testosterone and E2 decreased whilst the levels of FSH and LH increased significantly. No changes were noted in the serum levels of alpha 2-PAG, SHBG or prolactin. Oestrogen treatment significantly decreased the serum levels of testosterone, FSH and LH whilst levels of alpha 2 PAG, SHBG and prolactin were increased significantly. Serum levels of hGH during oestrogen treatment were significantly higher than in patients subjected to orchidectomy. These data are at variance with the established dogma of the oestrogen/androgen balance as a physiological regulator or liver protein synthesis, and indicate that factors other than the endogenous steroids may be operative. hGH may play an important role in this respect. PMID- 3922902 TI - A simple method for routine determination of the metabolic liver capacity: the aminopyrine breath test. AB - In 16 healthy volunteers and in 39 patients with liver diseases (fatty liver, chronic persistent and chronic active hepatitis, hepatic cirrhosis) a simplified aminopyrine breath test (ABT) was carried out using a "tracer" dose of 3 mg (111 kBq) 14C-aminopyrine. The exhaled 14CO2 measured 1 h after intake amounted to values between 771 and 1337 DPM/mmol CO2/70 kg body weight in healthy controls. The amount of exhaled 14CO2 decreased in the order: fatty liver greater than chronic, active hepatitis greater than active, compensated cirrhosis greater than active, decompensated cirrhosis. Between the values of ABT and various conventional laboratory liver tests (alanine-aminotransferase, alanine aminopeptidase, aspartate-aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, total serum bilirubin) significant correlations were found (r = 0.6019 to 0.7765, n = 55; p less than 0.001). The proposed modification of the breath test is of advantage in that it requires a very low dose of aminopyrine and is easily practicable. PMID- 3922903 TI - Nitroderm TTS in exercise-induced angina pectoris--a randomized double-blind study. AB - Nitroderm TTS is a new transdermal delivery system for nitroglycerin, consisting of a self adhesive disc from which the drug diffuses into the skin at a predetermined rate through a microporous membrane. In an acute, randomized, double-blind, within-patient study, a TTS formulation releasing 10 mg of nitroglycerin over 24 hours (TTS 10) was compared with placebo and isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) 20 mg slow-release. TTS 10, ISDN and placebo were given on 3 successive days, according to a 3 X 3 latin square design 3 times replicated, to 9 in-patients with coronary heart disease and stable exercise-induced angina pectoris. At rest, both TTS 10 and ISDN significantly lowered lying (p less than 0.05) and standing (p less than 0.01) systolic blood pressure as compared to placebo, but there was no difference between the 2 active treatments. On the symptoms-limited cycloergometric exercise test, carried out 4 hours post-dosing, both TTS 10 and ISDN significantly (p less than 0.05) improved exercise tolerance in respect to placebo. Treatments were well tolerated. In conclusion, both TTS 10 and ISDN, 4 hours post-dosing, are superior to placebo in improving exercise tolerance in patients with coronary heart disease and exercise-induced angina pectoris. The transdermal therapeutic system, allowing constant plasma nitroglycerin levels over 24 hours, has the advantage of once daily administration. PMID- 3922904 TI - Cyclophosphamide-mediated enhancement of antitumor immune potential of immunosuppressed spleen cells from mice bearing a large MOPC-315 tumor. AB - We have utilized 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide (4-HP-CY) as a probe for the immunomodulatory activity of the metabolites of cyclophosphamide (CY) since 4-HP CY hydrolyzes spontaneously in aqueous solution to the same metabolites as those formed after in vivo conversion of CY by microsomal enzymes. Exposure of immunosuppressed MOPC-315 tumor bearer spleens to a low concentration of 4-HP-CY (0.1-3.0 micron) resulted in augmented antitumor immune potential. The level of antitumor immune potential exhibited by 4-HP-CY-treated tumor bearer spleen cells was not further augmented but was actually reduced by depletion of glass-adherent cells, a procedure which is effective in removing the cells known to have immunosuppressive activity (i.e. metastatic tumor cells and macrophages) from the spleen of untreated MOPC-315 tumor-bearing mice. In fac, 4-HP-CY was superior to depletion of glass-adherent cells in augmenting the antitumor immune potential of immunosuppressed tumor bearer spleen cells. When cells from the primary tumor nodule were incubated with a low concentration of 4-HP-CY which only marginally inhibited their proliferation, the drug completely abolished the suppressive activity of the cells for in vitro generation of antitumor cytotoxicity by normal spleen cells. Moreover, a high level of antitumor cytotoxicity developed when normal spleen cells were cultured in vitro with 4-HP-CY-treated tumor cells at a wide range of ratios of spleen cells to tumor cells. Thus, in the MOPC-315 tumor model, metabolites of CY eliminate the inhibitory effectiveness of splenic suppressor cells and induce the appearance of immunopotentiating activity. The results obtained with 4-HP-CY in vitro provide support for the hypothesis that low-dose CY therapy of mice bearing a large MOPC-315 tumor leads to the appearance of augmented antitumor immune potential in their hitherto immunosuppressed spleen cells as a result of the in situ immunomodulatory effect of the drug on cells in the spleen. PMID- 3922905 TI - Evaluation of immune-enhancing effects of ibuprofen in an immunodeficiency model. AB - Three children and one adult with chronic mucocutaneous candidosis with documented deficient cellular immunity to Candida antigen were evaluated as a model to study the specific cellular immune-enhancing potential of the prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor ibuprofen. Oral ibuprofen failed to have any consistent effect during sequential 4-week on and off cycles on the following parameters: delayed hypersensitivity skin testing; lymphocyte transformation to Candida antigen; T-cell subsets as determined by monoclonal antibody techniques; production of human immune interferon in response to staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA). Two patients showed a trend toward enhanced lymphocyte transformation to PHA while taking ibuprofen. In two patients who were studied 8-10 weeks after discontinuation of oral ketoconazole therapy, clinical recurrence of CMC was not prevented by oral ibuprofen therapy. PMID- 3922906 TI - Pathophysiology of primary distal renal tubular acidosis. AB - Functional indices of distal acidification were assessed in five unrelated children with primary distal renal tubular acidosis. All patients were unable to lower urinary pH below 6.0 both during ammonium chloride-induced acidosis or after acute i.v. administration of furosemide. In these patients the urine minus blood Pco2 gradient failed to increase normally during acute sodium bicarbonate loading (mean +/- SEM: 5.8 +/- 2.0 mmHg), or after neutral phosphate administration (13 +/- 2.7 mmHg), despite adequate urinary concentrations or bicarbonate (72.2 +/- 14.6 mmol/L) and phosphate (25 +/- 2.3 mmol/L), respectively. They also failed to decrease urine pH below 5.5 with sodium sulfate (7.17 +/- 0.08), but urinary potassium excretion increased significantly. These results strongly suggest that the mechanism responsible for defective distal acidification is a failure of hydrogen ion secretion ("secretory' defect) and not an inability to establish a steep hydrogen ion gradient, as it was formerly believed. PMID- 3922907 TI - Lithium-stimulated recovery of granulopoiesis after sublethal irradiation is not mediated via increased levels of colony stimulating factor (CSF). AB - We have previously demonstrated that lithium (Li) is an effective agent in accelerating the recovery of granulopoiesis following sublethal (2 Gy) whole body irradiation. In this report, studies are described that further define this Li mediated recovery by measuring the levels of colony-stimulating factor (CSF) present in serum from mice administered 105 micrograms/mouse (total dose) of ultra-pure Li2CO3 for 3 days immediately following irradiation. On days 1-28 following the last lithium dose, the serum was tested for its CSF activity against both normal non-adherent derived bone marrow target cells and non adherent marrow cells from mice administered cyclophosphamide (200 mg/kg body weight). Serum was assayed at 0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10 per cent final concentration. No significant difference in the total number of CFU-GM was observed from normal marrow using either serum from irradiated mice or lithium-treated and irradiated mice, although the irradiation did produce a 300 per cent rise in CFU-GM colonies compared to normal serum (days 4 and 10-15). From regenerating marrow, we observed a significant difference (P less than or equal to 0.01) in CFU-GM cultured with serum at 0.1 per cent concentration from irradiated and lithium treated mice compared to irradiated mice without lithium. The presence of CSF was confirmed by its reduced activity in the presence of anti-(CSF). These results suggest (Li) may increase the sensitivity of CFU-GM to CSF, thereby producing more CFU-GM ultimately providing more circulating granulocytes. PMID- 3922908 TI - Macroglossia: etiologic considerations and management techniques. AB - Tongue enlargement of varying degrees occurs in many people and often requires no therapy. However, marked tongue enlargement, when present, requires direct intervention. In this case, the otolaryngologist is presented with a dilemma, for the etiology of the problem is often obscure. In many cases, the tongue enlargement is secondary to systemic disease, and medical management is indicated. When tongue reduction is indicated, there are many modalities available. Of these, only excision offers an acceptable functional result with minimal morbidity. Even large protuberant tongues can be reduced with minimum difficulty. The type of tongue excision can be tailored to the involved area and to special patient requirements. The problem of macroglossia is explored and management techniques are reviewed to present an alternative for optimal management of the enlarged tongue. PMID- 3922909 TI - A prognostic inflammatory and nutritional index scoring critically ill patients. AB - A new prognostic inflammatory and nutritional index is described allowing the correct follow-up of most pathological conditions. Discriminant analysis of eleven currently utilized blood markers of the phlogistic reaction and of the nutritional status has afforded the selection of the two most reliable acute phase reactants (orosomucoid and C-reactive protein) and visceral proteins (albumin and prealbumin). These parameters are combined in a simple formula which consistently and accurately stratifies critically ill patients by risk of complications or death. The grading system is determined by a rapid and inexpensive micromethod encompassing both infectious and nutritional poles of the disease spectrum within a self-explanatory scale. The scoring system provides a more sensitive tool for the diagnosis and prognosis of stressed patients than any other method available to date. PMID- 3922910 TI - Neurofibromatosis of the bladder. AB - Neurofibromatosis of the urinary tract is estimated to account for 20 per cent of the visceral manifestations of the generalized disease. Among its urological forms involvement of the bladder is the most common. Clinically, neurofibromatosis resembles a tumour, therefore, its early histologic diagnosis is of utmost importance. In the present case a tumour involving the posterior bladder wall was found in a 6 years old boy subjected to examination because of a terminal haematuria. First the tumour was resected, later cystectomy with implantation of the distended ureter into the sigmoid was undertaken because of progression of the tumour. Postoperative hypokalaemia responded to the usual medication. Ureteral distension was reversed by the operation. Though neurofibromatosis (NF) is histologically a benign process, it tends to recur, is invasive, and impairs urinary functions. Therefore, it may endanger life and thus requires cystectomy with surgery for urinary diversion. PMID- 3922911 TI - [Treatment of chronic bronchial asthma]. PMID- 3922912 TI - [A 47-year-old cachectic patient with a deglutition disorder and fever]. PMID- 3922913 TI - Sodium valproate "encephalopathy": report of three cases with generalised epilepsy. AB - A report of 3 cases of sodium valproate "encephalopathy". The addition of valproate to the treatment in 3 subjects, two adults and one child, all with generalised epilepsy, induced a worsening of the clinical and EEG pattern and in one case disturbances of vigilance as well. The occurrence of this complication in generalised epilepsy and the possibility that EEG alterations are its only manifestation are emphasised. PMID- 3922914 TI - Metabolic, water and electrolyte changes after moderate surgical trauma. Observations after different schedules of parenteral nutrition. AB - The effects of a moderate surgical trauma on body composition, in conditions comparable to fasting were assessed in a balance study. Two groups of patients under normal nutritional conditions were compared after cholecystectomy. The patients underwent for three days the following schedules of parenteral therapy: incomplete nutrition with balanced intake of water, sodium and potassium but carbohydrate deficient and lacking in amino acids (group 1, 10 cases); or complete nutrition with respect to calories, amino acids and other electrolytes (group 2, 9 cases). An evident loss in body weight was observed in patients undergoing incomplete nutrition, not justified by a moderately negative water balance. Statistical comparison of the two groups showed equal or positive balances for group 1 while group 2 gave negative results for all the parameters, particularly for nitrogen and potassium, suggestive of a loss in lean body mass greater than that usually occurring after simple fasting. Results confirmed the poor significance of serum values in expressing even significant degrees of electrolyte depletion. Substantial modifications in body composition may appear as clinical manifestations in cases with pre-existing malnutrition or when drugs that affect or are affected by the water and electrolyte balance are administered. PMID- 3922915 TI - Surgical treatment of epiphrenic diverticula of the esophagus: is diverticulectomy always necessary? A report of two cases. AB - Two cases of epiphrenic esophageal diverticula are reported. The surgical treatment was limited to the correction of the associated motor disorder, namely gastroesophageal reflux without diverticulectomy. PMID- 3922916 TI - Changing characteristics of the Israeli population and the utilization of health care services. AB - Total national expenditure on health in Israel increased by 60% during the 1970s, and the portion of the gross national product allocated to health care rose from 5.2 to 7.7%. The growth in the country's total population during the same period was 30%. One major factor in the expansion of health care expenditures was the growth of the elderly population, both in absolute and relative terms. The utilization of health care services by the elderly substantially exceeds the national average. Health care requirements among the elderly vary significantly by demographic variables such as sex and marital status. Examination of demographic developments is required for an understanding of the development of health care services. PMID- 3922917 TI - Role of institutional and community services in meeting the long-term care needs of the elderly in Israel: the decade of the 1980s. AB - Israel faces a major challenge to its capacity to deal adequately with the needs of the chronically ill. This paper describes the present state of long-term care services for the chronically ill and documents the extensive disparities in the rate of institutional and community services by region. In view of the expected dramatic increase in the number of aged greater than or equal to 75 years old (from 106,800 to 181,500 between 1980 and 1990), the authors project a 50% increase in the need for institutional and community services just to maintain existing service patterns. The paper discusses the central issues related to the development of both types of services in response to the increase in needs. PMID- 3922918 TI - Balance of care in services to the elderly in Israel. AB - In 1981, of the $262 million spent in Israel on services for its elderly population, only 14.3% was spent on care in the community--compared with 85.7% on institutional care. This paper searches for a method to determine the appropriate balance between community care and institutional care for the elderly. Two methods are explored: one based upon international comparisons, and the other a normative method. The method that uses international comparisons, which serves primarily to provide rough directional guidelines for changes, suggests the existence of a relative underprovision of community services in Israel. In order to get information as to the exact amount and type of services that are needed for the elderly, a normative approach is recommended. This calls for the following steps: 1) definition by experts of what packages of care are relevant for the various dysfunctional risk groups; 2) measurement of dysfunction among the elderly, both in institutions and in the community; 3) delineation of feasible packages of care for the dysfunctional subgroups; 4) costing of the various care packages (including a differential costing for institutional care that takes into account dysfunctional levels) to identify the most cost-effective option; and 5) aggregation of the most cost-effective options in order to estimate the ideal amount of provision of each type of service. PMID- 3922919 TI - Standards for long-term care facilities in Israel. AB - Many long-term care facilities have been established in Israel over the years by different agencies and with varying levels in the quality of care. This paper considers the importance of written official standards and their relationship to supervisory procedures and presents a framework for the establishment of such standards. PMID- 3922920 TI - Immunoblastic lymphoma and thymic epithelial hyperplasia in angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy following gold therapy. AB - A 62-year-old woman with well-established polyarthritis developed angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy (AILD) during gold therapy. She subsequently developed an immunoblastic lymphoma which showed monoclonality (IgA, lambda) by immunoperoxidase techniques. There was a tumor-like enlargement of the thymus gland due to involvement by AILD, with secondary proliferation of thymic epithelium. The finding of thymic involvement, which has not been described previously in AILD, might be one of the manifestations reflecting a disturbance of the immune system in this disease. PMID- 3922921 TI - Recurrent episodes of non-A, non-B hepatitis reactivated by chemotherapy. PMID- 3922922 TI - Proteolytic activity in the placenta, decidua and postimplantation embryos of the rat. PMID- 3922923 TI - Variations in plasma thyroxine-binding prealbumin (TBPA) in relation to other circulating proteins in post-operative patients during rapid oral refeeding. AB - Variations in plasma thyroxine-binding prealbumin (TBPA) were investigated in 15 well-nourished patients who underwent minor orthopaedic surgery and resumed normal oral feeding on the first post-operative day. TBPA fluctuations were analysed together with those of other nutritional and inflammatory markers including albumin (ALB), some acute-phase reactant proteins, C-reactive protein (CRP), orosomucoid also named alpha 1-acid-glycoprotein (alpha 1GP), alpha 1 antitrypsin (alpha 1AT) as well as cortisol and haematocrit. Measurements were conducted the day before operation, after the administration of anaesthesia, 2 h after the patient regained consciousness and then daily for a period of one week (days 1 to 7). Assays showed that TBPA and ALB levels began to decline by day 1 reaching minimum values by day 3 (with 35 and 15 per cent total decreases respectively compared to the initial levels). CRP levels began to rise on day 1 reaching maximum levels by day 2, alpha 1 GP and alpha 1 AT started to increase on day 1 and 2 respectively and displayed maximum concentrations by day 3. Cortisol, on the other hand, showed a rapid, yet short-lived increase after the patient regained consciousness on the day of operation. Haematocrit levels decreased from day 1 to day 3 and these low values were maintained until the end of the study. Aside from cortisol and CRP, the initial levels of the other parameters were not yet restored by day 7. These results show that despite an early return to normal oral feeding in post-operative patients, the commonly observed pattern of variation in TBPA levels persisted, indicating that such a pattern seems to be mainly influenced by stress-induced post-operative responses rather than by nutritional supply. PMID- 3922924 TI - Immunocytological characterization of the outer acrosomal membrane (OAM) during acrosome reaction in boar. AB - In order to study the acrosome reaction in boar, spermatozoa were incubated in a calcium-containing medium in the presence of the calcium ionophore A23187. The time course of the acrosome reaction was assessed by phase-contrast microscopy and correlated with the movement characteristics of the spermatozoa determined by means of multiple-exposure photography (MEP). Different stages of the acrosome reaction could be observed by indirect immunofluorescence using an antibody fraction raised in rabbits against the isolated outer acrosomal membrane (OAM). At the start of the acrosome reaction, a bright fluorescence located exclusively at the acrosomal cap of the sperm head could be observed, whereas after 60-120 min, the fluorescence vanished, indicating the complete loss of the OAM. However, to gain more insight into the stages of the plasma membrane and OAM during the acrosome reaction, immunoelectron-microscopical studies were performed using anti OAM antibodies detected by the protein-A gold method. Ultrathin sections and total preparations in combination with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed, that boar spermatozoa start their acrosome reaction by a vesiculation of the plasma membrane, thus exposing the heavily labelled OAM, which is then lost as sheets or large vesicles. The newly exposed inner acrosomal membrane did not show any labelling with gold, thereby indicating clear differences in the antigenicity of both acrosomal membranes. PMID- 3922925 TI - Cytophotometric evidence for the transformation of oocytes into nurse cells in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - A small proportion of ovarian chambers from females homozygous for the otu7 (for ovarian tumor) mutation contain an "oocyte" that in its nuclear morphology resembles a nurse cell. Such transformed oocytes also appear in colchicine poisoned wild type ovaries. Cytophotometric estimates demonstrate that these oocytes have undergone 3-4 additional DNA replications, but that they lag behind the adjacent nurse cells by an average of 1.3 replication cycles. It follows that, under certain circumstances, the definitive oocyte can switch to the nurse cell developmental pathway and therefore that a mechanism normally exists for preventing the further replication of its DNA. In the case of otu7, oocytes sometimes restart their endocyclic DNA replications and produce paired, polytene, homologous chromosomes. PMID- 3922926 TI - Distribution of concanavalin-A receptor sites on the surface of human resting T lymphocytes. A stereological study using concanavalin-A/colloidal-gold-labelled horseradish peroxidase. AB - Stereologic techniques were used to analyse the density and distribution of Concanavalin-A (Con-A) receptor sites on the surface of isolated resting human peripheral-blood T lymphocytes using Con-A/colloidal-gold-labelled horseradish peroxidase. The T-lymphocyte surface appeared to be composed of microvilli, smooth areas and uncoated pits. Coated pits and coated vesicles, identified by the preferential staining of clathrin-containing membranes (tannic-acid/saponin fixation), were scarce. Quantitative analysis of the gold labelling on T lymphocytes after glutaraldehyde fixation indicated the presence of 2.13 +/- 0.46 gold particles per micron of cell surface and that these particles were preferentially located on uncoated pits. These results suggest the existence of cell-surface domains for these receptor sites in human resting T lymphocytes. PMID- 3922927 TI - [Subglottic plasmacytoma: diagnosis and prognosis]. AB - A subglottic primary extramedullary plasmacytoma (typ IgA-Lambda) of the larynx is reported. These tumours are very rare. The diagnosis is made more difficult by unspecific symptoms and can only be confirmed by histopathology. Early diagnosis and differentiation between primary extramedullary plasmacytoma and metastasis from a multiple myeloma are very important for the prognosis of the disease. Whether immunology can help to solve this problem is still doubtful: few cases have so far been examined by this method. Paraproteins are often not secreted in extramedullary plasmacytoma; the peroxidase-anti-peroxidase method is therefore helpful for classification of the tumour. PMID- 3922928 TI - Total skin electron beam and total nodal irradiation for treatment of patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. AB - Sixteen patients with advanced cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) with or without lymph node involvement, but without evidence of extranodal manifestations, were treated with a combination of total skin electron beam therapy (TSEB) and total nodal irradiation (TNI). Fourteen (87%) patients achieved a complete response (CR) lasting from 1 to 84+ months (median, 8+ months) from the completion of treatment. The best results occurred in 6 patients with pretumorous intracutaneous CTCL (Stages IB and IIA) where the CR has lasted in all patients from 8 to 84+ months (median about 27+ months). Conversely, a long-term CR occurred in only one of five patients with tumor-phase intracutaneous CTCL (Stage IIB) and in none of the 5 patients with histopathologically proven nodal involvement (Stage IVA). Radiotherapy was well tolerated with the major toxicity being bone marrow suppression. We conclude that combined TSEB and TNI is a relatively safe and effective treatment for patients with CTCL prior to the development of lymph node involvement. Long-term follow-up is needed to assess the curative potential of this treatment. PMID- 3922929 TI - Effects of aphidicolin on the repair and fixation of potentially lethal damage sensitive to beta-araA. AB - The effects of aphidicolin, a specific inhibitor of DNA polymerase alpha, on the repair and fixation of potentially lethal damage (PLD) sensitive to treatment with beta-araA--a drug acting via inhibition of DNA polymerases alpha and beta have been studied. Three micrograms/ml of aphidicolin given after irradiation did not produce any significant modification in cell survival. More damage was nevertheless fixed by a given concentration of beta-araA in the presence of aphidicolin to a degree that 10 microM beta-araA given together with 3 micrograms/ml aphidicolin produced an effect similar to that of 70 microM beta araA given alone. Although aphidicolin significantly enhanced the effectiveness of beta-araA in fixing PLD, it did not significantly increase the sector of lesions affected. Combined treatment with beta-araA and aphidicolin reduced or eliminated the shoulder from the survival curve without affecting the slope, an effect similar to that observed after treatment of cells with beta-araA alone. The presence of aphidicolin during the time interval trep allowed for repair of the beta-araA sensitive PLD resulted in a significant reduction in the repair rate. Based on these results, the necessity of distinction between inhibition of a repair process and fixation of the damage undergoing repair is discussed, as well as the possible involvement of DNA polymerase alpha and beta in the repair and fixation of the DNA damage that underlies repair of PLD. PMID- 3922930 TI - Characteristics of an MM 22 medical microtron 21 MV photon beam. AB - Beam quality, surface doses, depths of maximum dose, peak dose rates, beam profiles, and central axis percentage depth doses of a medical microtron's 21 MV photon beam were measured. The half-value layer of lead was 1.35 cm, the half value layer of water was 23 cm, and the nominal acceleration potential was 17.7 MV. For a 10 X 10 cm2 field at 100 cm SSD, the maximum dose occurred at a depth of 3 g X cm-2 and the surface dose was 18% of the maximum. The highest dose rate at isocenter was approximately 800 cGy X min-1. The worst horns on beam profiles occurred at a depth of 5 cm for the 35 X 35 cm2 field where the dose rate 4 cm from the edge of the beam was 3% higher than that on the central ray. No horns were apparent for fields 25 X 25 cm2 or smaller. PMID- 3922931 TI - Stimulation of sperm production by human chorionic gonadotropin after prolonged gonadotropin suppression in normal men. AB - The precise hormonal milieu required for quantitatively normal spermatogenesis in man is unclear. The authors previously have shown that both supraphysiologic dosages of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and physiologic dosages of human luteinizing hormone (hLH) can reinitiate sperm production in short-term (four months) gonadotropin-suppressed normal men who have prepubertal FSH levels. To determine whether normal FSH levels were necessary to stimulate sperm production after a prolonged period of gonadotropin and testicular suppression, the authors administered hCG to four normal men whose endogenous gonadotropin levels and sperm production were suppressed by prolonged exogenous testosterone (T) administration. After a 3-month control period, all subjects received 200 mg of T enanthate intramuscularly (im) each week to suppress LH and FSH for a total of 9 months and until successive sperm concentrations (performed twice monthly) revealed azoospermia or severe oligozoospermia (mean sperm concentration less than 3 X 10(6) spermatozoa/ml) for 6 months. Then, while continuing the same dosage of T enanthate, all four men simultaneously received 5000 IU of hCG im three times weekly for 6 months, replacing LH-like activity and leaving FSH activity suppressed. The effect on sperm production of the selective FSH deficiency produced by hCG plus T administration after the period of prolonged gonadotropin suppression was determined. Exogenous T administration resulted in severe suppression of sperm concentrations from 79 +/- 7 X 10(6) spermatozoa/ml (mean +/- SEM) during the control period to 0.8 +/- 0.5 X 10(6)/ml after 12 weeks of T treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3922933 TI - Chlorocardicin, a monocyclic beta-lactam from a Streptomyces sp. I. Discovery, production and biological activities. AB - Chlorocardicin is a new monocyclic beta-lactam produced by a Streptomyces sp. It is structurally related to nocardicin A but differs in having a m-chloro substituent on the p-hydroxyphenylglycine unit. The biological activity of chlorocardicin was similar to nocardicin A but the former showed less antagonism in complex media. Moderate in vitro activity was observed against Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Chlorocardicin showed low activity against Staphylococcus aureus whereas nocardicin A was inactive. Both compounds were shown to be strongly potentiated by antibiotics that inhibit peptidoglycan biosynthesis and were antagonized by selected L- and D-amino acids. PMID- 3922932 TI - The effects of the indazole carboxylic acid derivative, tolnidamine, on testicular function: I. Early changes in androgen binding protein secretion in the rat. AB - The indazole carboxylic acid derivative, tolnidamine, has marked antispermatogenic activity in several animal species. In this study, we assessed the effect of tolnidamine on rat Sertoli cell function both in vivo and in vitro, using androgen binding protein (rABP) as a marker. Groups of six male rats were killed 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64 hours and 5, 8, and 12 days following tolnidamine administration (250 mg/kg by oral gavage). There was a progressive reduction in both testicular and epididymal weights. Serum FSH levels did not change and LH showed a transient increase between 64 hours and 8 days. Except for an initial increase at 2 hours, there were no changes in serum testosterone. Epididymal rABP concentration and content declined as early as 8 hours, with the lowest values occurring at 5 and 12 days. By 16 hours, there was an increase in testicular rABP, which was also evident at 8 days and 12 days. Within 16 hours after tolnidamine, there was a rise in serum rABP, which persisted until the end of the experiment. When another indazole carboxylic acid derivative, lonidamine, was administered (250 mg/kg), similar changes were evident in epididymal and serum rABP at 32 hours, but the rapid decrease in testicular rABP suggested a different mechanism of action. In another experiment, single oral doses of tolnidamine (50, 100, 250, and 500 mg/kg) were administered to other groups of rats and the animals were killed after 24 hours and 5 days. With increasing doses of tolnidamine, there was a reduction in epididymal rABP concomitant with an increase in testis and serum rABP levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3922934 TI - Structural study of a new antitumor antibiotic, kazusamycin. AB - The structure of a new antitumor antibiotic, kazusamycin produced by Streptomyces sp. No. 81-484, was determined on the basis of its spectral and chemical properties. Kazusamycin has a structure characteristic of an unsaturated, branched-chain fatty acid with a terminal delta-lactone ring. PMID- 3922935 TI - Antitumor activity of a new antibiotic, kazusamycin. AB - The antitumor activity of a new antibiotic, kazusamycin, against various murine tumors was studied by various treatment schedules. Single, intermittent, and successive injections of the antibiotic were almost equally effective against Ehrlich carcinoma, IMC carcinoma and sarcoma 180 tumor, but successive injections showed more efficacy than the other schedules against Meth A fibrosarcoma and Lewis lung carcinoma. Interestingly, there was no clear dose response for the efficacy of kazusamycin on murine tumors. When HeLa cells were exposed to kazusamycin for 72 hours in vitro, the IC50 value was about 1 ng/ml, however the cytotoxicity of the antibiotic depended on the incubation time. PMID- 3922936 TI - Aztreonam in patients with acute purulent exacerbations of chronic bronchitis: failure to prevent emergence of pneumococcal infections. AB - A group of 36 patients, all requiring hospital admission because of acute purulent exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, were treated with 1 or 2 g intramuscular injections of aztreonam for ten days. Patients with Streptococcus pneumoniae infections were excluded from the study. Sputum cultures before treatment revealed the other usual respiratory pathogens but repeat cultures on days 3, 10 and 17 sometimes yielded Str. pneumoniae, occasionally combined with Haemophilus influenzae or Branhamella catarrhalis. Ten patients had to be given other antimicrobial agents for Str. pneumoniae infections which developed during the study or follow-up periods. Pseudomonas aeruginosa failed to respond well to aztreonam. All the H. influenzae strains were sensitive to aztreonam (MIC 0.25 mg/l, or less) but all strains of Str. pneumoniae were resistant (MIC greater than 32 mg/l). Ps. aeruginosa strains were moderately resistant (MIC generally 4 16 mg/l) and Bran. catarrhalis strains only moderately sensitive (MICs generally 0.5-4 mg/l). Peak serum concentrations averaging approximately 37 mg/l were observed after the 1 g injections (55 mg/l after 2 g) and the corresponding mean peak concentrations in the sputum were 1.3 mg/l and 2.5 mg/l, respectively. The penetration from blood to sputum was thus approximately 3.5% and 4.6% after the 1 g and 2 g doses. No unwanted local or general reactions were observed. The disappointing clinical results (only 23 out of 36 patients with excellent or good clinical results) one week after the end of the treatment were mainly due to the emergence of pneumococcal infections during (and immediately after) therapy. Considering that Str. pneumoniae is still one of the most important organisms associated with acute purulent exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, and that conventional sputum cultures may not always reveal its presence, there is considerable doubt if aztreonam has any place in the treatment, especially as the results in Ps. aeruginosa infections have also been much poorer than expected. PMID- 3922937 TI - Effect of ruminal CO2 on gas exchange and ventilation in the Hereford calf. AB - The contribution of ruminal CO2 to gas exchange measurements and ventilation was determined in four rumen-fistulated Hereford steers at rest and during exercise. The calves were exercised at 1.4 and 2.2m X s-1 under three treatments: 1)full rumen with fistula sealed, 2) full rumen with fistula open, and 3) empty rumen. Measurements also were made at rest while flushing the empty rumen with either 100% N2 or a mixture of 50% CO2-50% N2. O2 consumption, CO2 production (Mco2), and ventilation were measured by collecting the expired gas. Absorption across the ruminal epithelium during rest increased Mco2 by 3%, whereas absorption and eructation together increased Mco2 by 15%. The respiratory exchange ratio (R) was significantly different among the three treatments at rest, but no differences were observed in R among the treatments during exercise. No changes were observed in minute ventilation among the three conditions, but a decrease in respiratory frequency and an increase in tidal volume occurred when the rumen was empty. These changes in ventilatory pattern may have been due to a decrease in body temperature when the rumen was empty. When the empty rumen was flushed with 50% CO2, Mco2 was increased 21% over the value observed when flushing with 100% N2. CO2 of fermentation origin is added to the expired gas by both eructation and absorption and has a significant effect on R in the resting animal, but no effect on R during exercise. PMID- 3922938 TI - Effects of altered ambient temperature on metabolic rate during CO2 inhalation. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine if the changes in O2 consumption (VO2) during CO2 inhalation could in part be due to stimulation of thermogenesis for homeothermy. Twelve ponies were exposed for 30-min periods to inspired CO2 (PIco2) levels of less than 0.7, 14, 28, and 42 Torr during the winter at 5 (neutral) and 23 degrees C ambient temperatures (TA) and during the summer at 21 (neutral TA), 30, and 12 degrees C. Elevating TA in both seasons resulted in an increased pulmonary ventilation (VE) and breathing frequency (f) (P less than 0.01) but no significant increase in VO2 (P greater than 0.05). Decreasing TA in the summer resulted in a decrease in VE and f (P less than 0.01) but no significant change in VO2 (P greater than 0.05). At neutral TA in both seasons, VO2 increased progressively (P less than 0.05) as PIco2 was increased from 14 to 28 and 42 Torr. The increases in VO2 during CO2 inhalation were attenuated (P less than 0.05) at elevated TA and accentuated at the relatively cold TA in the summer (P less than 0.05). Respiratory heat loss (RHL) during CO2 inhalation was inversely related to TA. Above a threshold RHL of 2 cal X min-1 X m-2, metabolic heat production (MHP) increased 0.3 cal X min-1 X m-2 for each unit increase in RHL during CO2 inhalation at the neutral and elevated TA. However, during cold stress in the summer, the slope of the MHP-RHL relationship was 1.6, indicating an increased MHP response to RHL.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3922939 TI - Arterial-alveolar CO2 equilibration in exercising dogs during prolonged rebreathing. AB - Arterial-alveolar equilibration of CO2 during exercise was studied by normoxic CO2 rebreathing in six dogs prepared with a chronic tracheostomy and exteriorized carotid loop and trained to run on a treadmill. In 153 simultaneous measurements of PCO2 in arterial blood (PaCO2) and end-tidal gas (PE'CO2) obtained in 46 rebreathing periods at three levels of mild-to-moderate steady-state exercise, the mean PCO2 difference (PaCO2-PE'CO2) was -1.0 +/- 1.0 (SD) Torr and was not related to O2 uptake or to the level of PaCO2 (30-68 Torr). The small negative PaCO2-PE'CO2 is attributed to the lung-to-carotid artery transit time delay which must be taken into account when both PaCO2 and PE'CO2 are continuously rising during rebreathing (average rate 0.22 Torr/s). Assuming that blood-gas equilibrium for CO2 was complete, a lung-to-carotid artery circulation time of 4.6 s accounts for the observed uncorrected PaCO2-PE'CO2 of -1.0 Torr. The results are interpreted to indicate that in rebreathing equilibrium PCO2 in arterial blood and alveolar gas are essentially identical. This conclusion is at variance with previous studies in exercising humans during rebreathing but is in full agreement with our recent findings in resting dogs. PMID- 3922940 TI - Analysis of plasmid deletional instability in Bacillus subtilis. AB - Using a model system, we have studied deletion formation in Bacillus subtilis. When the staphylococcal plasmids pSA2100 (7.1 kilobases) and pUB110 (4.5 kilobases) were ligated to one another at their unique XbaI sites and transformed into either rec+ or recE4 strains of B. subtilis, an intramolecular recombination event usually occurred. Two plasmids, one of 2.6 kilobases and the other of 9.0 kilobases, were consistently isolated and shown by restriction enzyme analysis to be derived by recombination occurring in the pSA2100-pUB110 cointegrate. Analysis of the sequence of the junctions of the recombinant plasmids and of the crossover regions of the parental plasmids suggested that a reciprocal, conservative, intramolecular recombination event had occurred between short 18-base-pair homologous sequences that were oriented as direct repeats and bounded by regions of dyad symmetry. Evidence is presented that the above illegitimate recombination event is biased to occur intramolecularly and that randomly chosen direct repeats of either 22 or 29 base pairs are not sufficient to support recombination. The recombination event occurs in recA1, recB2, recD3, recE5, recL16, recM13, polA59, polA13, uvr-22, uvr-13, and stb mutants of B. subtilis and does not require that the competent state be established. PMID- 3922941 TI - Cadmium-resistant mutant of Bacillus subtilis 168 with reduced cadmium transport. AB - Cd2+ and Mn2+ accumulation was studied with wild-type Bacillus subtilis 168 and a Cd2+-resistant mutant. After 5 min of incubation in the presence of 0.1 microM 109Cd2+ or 54Mn2+, both strains accumulated comparable amounts of 54Mn2+, while the sensitive cells accumulated three times more 109Cd2+ than the Cd2+-resistant cells did. Both 54Mn2+ and 109Cd2+ uptake, which apparently occur by the same transport system, demonstrated cation specificity; 20 microM Mn2+ or Cd2+ (but not Zn2+) inhibited the uptake of 0.1 microM 109Cd2+ or 54Mn2+. 54Mn2+ and 109Cd2+ uptake was energy dependent and temperature sensitive, but 109Cd2+ uptake in the Cd2+-resistant strain was only partially inhibited by an uncoupler or by a decrease in temperature. 109Cd2+ uptake in the sensitive strain followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics with a Km of 1.8 microM Cd2+ and a Vmax of 1.5 mumol/min X g (dry weight); 109Cd2+ uptake in the Cd2+-resistant strain was not saturable. The apparent Km value for the saturable component of 109Cd2+ uptake by the Cd2+-resistant strain was very similar to that of the sensitive strain, but the Vmax was 25 times lower than the Vmax for the sensitive strain. The Km and Vmax for 54Mn2+ uptake by both strains were very similar. Cd2+ inhibition of 54Mn2+ uptake had an apparent Ki of 3.4 and 21.5 microM Cd2+ for the sensitive and Cd2+-resistant strains, respectively. Mn2+ had an apparent Ki of 1.2 microM Mn2+ for inhibition of 109Cd2+ uptake by the sensitive strain, but the Cd2+ resistant strain had no defined Ki value for inhibition of Cd2+ uptake by Mn2+. PMID- 3922942 TI - Biosynthesis of D-alanyl-lipoteichoic acid by Lactobacillus casei: interchain transacylation of D-alanyl ester residues. AB - Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) from Lactobacillus casei contains poly(glycerophosphate) substituted with D-alanyl ester residues. The distribution of these residues in the in vitro-synthesized polymer is uniform. Esterification of LTA with D-alanine may occur in one of two modes: (i) addition at random or (ii) addition at a defined locus in the poly(glycerophosphate) chain followed by redistribution of the ester residues. A time-dependent transacylation of these residues from D [14C]alanyl-lipophilic LTA to hydrophilic acceptor was observed. The hydrophilic acceptor was characterized as D-alanyl-hydrophilic LTA. This transacylation requires neither ATP nor the D-alanine incorporation system, i.e., the D-alanine activating enzyme and D-alanine:membrane acceptor ligase. No evidence for an enzyme-catalyzed transacylation reaction was observed. We propose that this process of transacylation may be responsible for the redistribution of D-alanyl residues after esterification to the poly(glycerophosphate). As a result, it is difficult to distinguish between these proposed modes of addition. PMID- 3922943 TI - Amplification of a chromosomal region in Bacillus subtilis. AB - We report on the amplification in Bacillus subtilis of a defined DNA sequence after exposure of the bacteria to increasing levels of antibiotic. The experimental system consisted of transformation of competent cells with a plasmid (pRHA39) unable to replicate in the host and carrying the alpha-amylase gene derived from B. subtilis. Selection of transformants resistant to 5 micrograms of chloramphenicol per ml resulted in the isolation of strains with the plasmid integrated into the chromosome at the site of homology, by a Campbell type mechanism. Starting from such a nontandem duplication, amplification was achieved by growing the bacteria in increasing concentrations of chloramphenicol. By dilution, Southern blotting, and hybridization to a radioactive probe, we estimated a copy number of about 10 for the amplified sequence of samples grown in the presence of 50 micrograms of chloramphenicol per ml. No free plasmid could be detected in the amplified strains. The extent of the amplified region was the same for all transformants, and the endpoints appeared to be the same in all isolates. As a consequence of the amplification, there was a noticeable increase in amylase production, and the amount of enzyme produced correlated with gene dosage. The amplification did not occur in a recE genetic background. PMID- 3922944 TI - Genetic characterization and partial sequence determination of a Treponema pallidum operon expressing two immunogenic membrane proteins in Escherichia coli. AB - A detailed physical and genetic map of a previously cloned 5.5-kilobase segment of Treponema pallidum DNA is described. This segment expressed two proteins that are cell membrane associated in Escherichia coli. The structural genes of these treponemal membrane proteins, tmpA and tmpB, are coordinately expressed, and transcription in E. coli can start from at least two different treponemal promoters. The tmpA and tmpB proteins are the products of in vivo proteolytic cleavage from precursor proteins which are 2 and 4 kilodaltons larger, respectively, than the mature proteins. Because the sizes of the corresponding proteins produced in T. pallidum were identical to those of the mature membrane proteins in E. coli, we concluded that a similar proteolytic processing takes place in both E. coli and T. pallidum. Although tmpA and tmpB were controlled by the same transcription signals, tmpB was expressed to a higher extent than tmpA, and only the tmpB product could be overproduced by placing the left lambda promoter in front of the structural genes. The nucleotide sequence of the T. pallidum tmpA gene was established. This is the first T. pallidum gene sequenced. Codon usage and the nature of transcriptional and translational signals are discussed. The deduced amino acid sequence indicated the presence of a sequence that was characteristic for a signal peptide. This sequence information allowed the construction of hybrid genes coding for proteins having beta-galactosidase enzyme activity as well as TmpA epitopes. The enzyme-linked antigen was expressed at a high level in E. coli when transcriptional and translational signals from coliphage lambda were used. In this case the protein produced was a sandwich protein consisting of 21 amino acids of the lambda cro protein, 204 amino acids of the T. pallidum TmpA protein, and 1,020 amino acids of the E. coli lambda galactosidase. The potential use of this enzyme-linked antigen for the serodiagnosis of syphilis is discussed. PMID- 3922945 TI - Plasmid transduction by Bacillus subtilis bacteriophage SPP1: effects of DNA homology between plasmid and bacteriophage. AB - Any SPP1 DNA restriction fragment cloned into Bacillus subtilis plasmid pC194 or pUB110 increased the transduction frequency of the plasmid by SPP1 100- to 1,000 fold over the transduction level of the plasmid alone. This increment was observed irrespective of whether a fragment contained the SPP1 packaging origin (pac). Furthermore, an SPP1 derivative into whose genome pC194 DNA had been integrated transduced pC194 DNA with a greatly enhanced frequency. Transduction enhancement mediated by DNA-DNA homology between plasmid and SPP1 was independent of the extent of homology (size range analyzed, 0.5 to 3.9 kilobases) and the recombination proficiency of donor or recipient. PMID- 3922946 TI - Ultrastructural localization of dipicolinic acid in dormant spores of Bacillus subtilis by immunoelectron microscopy with colloidal gold particles. AB - The localization of dipicolinic acid in dormant spores of Bacillus subtilis was examined by an immunoelectron microscopy method with colloidal gold immunoglobulin G complex. The colloidal gold particles were distributed mainly in the core regions of dormant spores and were not observed in those of germinated or autoclaved spores. This result clearly demonstrates that dipicolinic acid is localized in the cores of dormant spores. PMID- 3922947 TI - Biosynthesis of riboflavin in Bacillus subtilis: origin of the four-carbon moiety. AB - We studied the incorporation of [1-13C]ribose and [1,3-13C2]glycerol into the riboflavin precursor 6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine, using a riboflavin-deficient mutant of Bacillus subtilis. The formation of the pyrazine ring requires the addition of a four-carbon moiety to a pyrimidine precursor. The results show that C-6 alpha, C-6, C-7, and C-7 alpha of 6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine were biosynthetically equivalent to C-1, C-2, C-3, and C-5 of a pentose phosphate. C-4 of the pentose precursor was lost through an intramolecular skeletal rearrangement. Thus, the last steps in the biosynthesis of 6,7-dimethyl-8 ribityllumazine apparently involve the same mechanism in bacteria as in fungi. PMID- 3922948 TI - Induction of penicillin-binding proteins under catabolite-repressed conditions. AB - Decoyinine, an inhibitor of GMP synthetase, was used to induce sporulation under catabolite-repressed conditions in Bacillus subtilis. Sporulation-specific penicillin-binding proteins 4* and 5* were produced in abundance, and there was an increase in vegetative penicillin-binding proteins 2B and 3. These results, which were completely blocked by addition of guanosine, suggest that synthesis of penicillin-binding proteins is neither catabolite repressed nor directly dependent on the stringent response. PMID- 3922949 TI - Transient increase of Ca2+ uptake as a signal for mating pheromone-induced differentiation in the heterobasidiomycetous yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides. AB - The role of Ca2+ for the signaling of rhodotorucine A, a mating pheromone of Rhodosporidium toruloides, was investigated. The efficiency with which the target cells responded to the mating pheromone was dependent on the Ca2+ concentration in the medium. The pheromone induced a very rapid and transient increase of Ca2+ uptake in the recipient cell. We concluded that the transient increase in the intracellular Ca2+ concentration could play an essential role in the control of differentiation by the pheromone. PMID- 3922950 TI - Regulation of nitrogen fixation in Rhodospirillum rubrum grown under dark, fermentative conditions. AB - Rhodospirillum rubrum was shown to grow fermentatively on fructose with N2 as a nitrogen source. The nitrogenase activity of these cells was regulated by the NH4+ switch-off/switch-on mechanism in a manner identical to that for photosynthetically grown cells. In vitro, the inactive nitrogenase Fe protein from fermenting cells was reactivated by an endogenous membrane-bound, Mn2+ dependent activating enzyme that was interchangeable with the activating enzyme isolated from photosynthetic membranes. PMID- 3922951 TI - Genetic mapping and characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa mutants that hyperproduce exoproteins. AB - We isolated two mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO with defective iron uptake. In contrast to the wild-type strain, the mutants produced extracellular protease activity in media containing high concentrations of salts or iron and hyperproduced elastase, staphylolytic enzyme, and exotoxin A in ordinary media (Xch mutants). The mutations were located in the 55' region of the chromosome, between the markers met-9011 and pyrD. PMID- 3922952 TI - Genetic heterogeneity in the cysA-fus region of the Bacillus subtilis chromosome: identification of the hos gene. AB - We identified a new gene, hos, which exerts different sporulation phenotypes in Bacillus subtilis strains with different genetic backgrounds. The hos+ gene showed normal sporulation in the genetic background of JH642 but showed temperature-sensitive sporulation in that of the Tano-oka W. The hos gene was mapped between cysA and rpoB. PMID- 3922953 TI - Identification of facultatively heterotrophic, N2-fixing cyanobacteria able to receive plasmid vectors from Escherichia coli by conjugation. AB - Plasmid vectors transferable by conjugation from Escherichia coli to obligately photoautotrophic strains of Anabaena spp. are also transferred to and maintained in heterotrophic, filamentous cyanobacteria of the genus Nostoc. These organisms can be used for the genetic analysis of oxygenic photosynthesis, chromatic adaptation, nitrogen fixation, and heterocyst development. PMID- 3922954 TI - Cloning of genes specifying carbohydrate catabolism in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas putida. AB - A 6.0-kilobase EcoRI fragment of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO chromosome containing a cluster of genes specifying carbohydrate catabolism was cloned into the multicopy plasmid pRO1769. The vector contains a unique EcoRI site for cloning within a streptomycin resistance determinant and a selectable gene encoding gentamicin resistance. Mutants of P. aeruginosa PAO transformed with the chimeric plasmid pRO1816 regained the ability to grow on glucose, and the following deficiencies in enzyme or transport activities corresponding to the specific mutations were complemented: glcT1, glucose transport and periplasmic glucose-binding protein; glcK1, glucokinase; and edd-1, 6-phosphogluconate dehydratase. Two other carbohydrate catabolic markers that are cotransducible with glcT1 and edd-1 were not complemented by plasmid pRO1816: zwf-1, glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase; and eda-9001, 2-keto-3-deoxy-6-phosphogluconate aldolase. However, all five of these normally inducible activities were expressed at markedly elevated basal levels when transformed cells of prototrophic strain PAO1 were grown without carbohydrate inducer. Vector plasmid pRO1769 had no effect on the expression of these activities in transformed mutant or wild-type cells. Thus, the chromosomal insert in pRO1816 contains the edd and glcK structural genes, at least one gene (glcT) that is essential for expression of the glucose active transport system, and other loci that regulate the expression of the five clustered carbohydrate catabolic genes. The insert in pRO1816 also complemented the edd-1 mutation in a glucose-negative Pseudomonas putida mutant but not the eda-1 defect in another mutant. Moreover, pRO1816 caused the expression of high specific activities of glucokinase, an enzyme that is naturally lacking in these strains of Pseudomonas putida. PMID- 3922955 TI - Chromosomal mapping of mutations affecting glycerol and glucose catabolism in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO. AB - Mutations causing deficiencies in the inducible, membrane-associated sn-glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (glpD) and in inducible glucose transport (glcT) were mapped on the Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 chromosome by using the generalized transducing phages F116L and G101. These mutations, in separate catabolic regulatory units, were cotransducible with a previously described cluster of carbohydrate catabolic gene loci (zwf-1 eda-9001 edd-1) that maps at ca. 50 to 53 min on the chromosome. Mutant strain PFB362 (glcT1) did not transport glucose and did not produce a functional, periplasmic, glucose-binding protein that is required for glucose transport. This mutation was cotransducible with zwf-1 (70%), nalA (29%), and phe-2 (19%) but not with glpD1 or leu-10. The glpD1 mutation in strain PRP408 was cotransducible with zwf-1 (5%), eda-9001 (4%), and edd-1 (1%) and also with ami-151 (17%) and phe-2 (33%). These results expand the number of known carbohydrate catabolism genes that are clustered in the 50- to 55 min region of the PAO1 chromosome and allow us to propose the following relative gene order: ami-151 glpD1 phe-2 nalA zwf-1 eda-9001 edd-1 glcT1 leu-10. Three independently obtained nal determinants for high-level resistance to nalidixic acid, which were employed in these studies, exhibited similar cotransduction frequencies with several flanking marker mutations. PMID- 3922956 TI - Acetate and CO2 assimilation by Methanothrix concilii. AB - Biosynthetic pathways in Methanothrix concilii, a recently isolated aceticlastic methanogen, were studied by 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Labeling patterns of amino acids, lipids, and carbohydrates were determined. Similar to other methanogens, acetate was carboxylated to pyruvate, which was further converted to amino acids by various biosynthetic pathways. The origin of carbon atoms in glutamate, proline, and arginine clearly showed that an incomplete tricarboxylic acid cycle operating in the oxidative direction was used for their biosynthesis. Isoleucine was synthesized via citramalate, which is a typical route for methanogens. As with Methanosarcina barkeri, an extensive exchange of the label between the carboxyl group of acetate and CO2 was observed. Lipids predominantly contained diphytanyl chains, the labeling of which indicated that biosynthesis proceeded through mevalonic acid. Labeling of the C-1,6 of glucose from [2-13C]acetate is consistent with a glucogenic route for carbohydrate biosynthesis. Except for the different origins of the methyl group of methionine, the metabolic properties of Methanothrix concilii are closely related to those of Methanosarcina barkeri. PMID- 3922957 TI - Mutations that convert the four leucine codons of the Salmonella typhimurium leu leader to four threonine codons. AB - In Salmonella typhimurium, expression of the leucine operon is regulated by a transcription attenuation mechanism. According to a current model of attenuation, elevated expression of this operon requires that a ribosome stall at one of four adjacent codons for leucine on a leader RNA. We used oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis to convert the four leucine codons of the S. typhimurium leu leader to four threonine codons. Analysis of the resulting mutant operon showed that almost all regulation by leucine had been abolished. The mutant operon was, instead, partially derepressed by a limitation for charged threonine tRNA. These results provide direct evidence for the function for the four leucine codons postulated by the attenuator model. An unexpected observation made during these studies was that the wild-type leu operon was partially derepressed by starvation for threonine. PMID- 3922959 TI - Use of biologic markers in a general hospital affective disorders program. AB - A dexamethasone suppression test (DST) and a thyrotropin releasing hormone stimulation test (TRHST) were given to 100 affectively ill inpatients with a mean age of 54.8 years and 16 healthy controls matched for age and sex. Of the affectively ill patients, 54 had primary major depressive disorders. Sensitivity and specificity, respectively, were 41% and 100% for DST; 44% and 88% for blunted TRHST; and 24% and 94% for augmented TRHST. The combined sensitivity for all three responses was 87%. DST nonsuppression discriminated between major and minor depression and between unipolar endogenous and unipolar nonendogenous subtypes. However, it failed to discriminate among primary depression, depression secondary to serious medical illness, or organic brain syndrome with depression. A blunted TRHST response was significant only for unipolar major depressives. Augmented TRHST response was significant only for bipolar depressives, suggesting that the TRHST may discriminate bipolar from unipolar depression. PMID- 3922958 TI - Shape and fine structure of nucleoids observed on sections of ultrarapidly frozen and cryosubstituted bacteria. AB - Very rapidly frozen cells of Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis were substituted at low temperature into acetone with 1% OsO4 and embedded in Epon. They showed ribosome-free spaces filled with globular and fibrillar material of up to 15 nm. The sizes of structures seen do not exclude DNA superstructures such as supercoils, aggregates, and nucleosomes. With the Feulgen analog osmium ammines stain, DNA was localized within the ribosome-free space. The bulk of DNA, the nucleoid, is therefore a major part of, or identical to, the main ribosome free space. The ribosome-free space would correspond directly to the light microscopy phase-contrast image of nucleoids in living bacteria. The shape of the ribosome-free space does not reflect intracellular salt concentrations, nor do the Feulgen-positive areas. The previously observed dependency on the salt concentration of the growth medium seems to be due to permeabilization induced by the chemical fixative at room temperature. The ribosome-free space is more cleft in appearance than the nucleoid obtained by fixation with OsO4 but more confined than its very dispersed form found after aldehyde fixation. PMID- 3922960 TI - Brain glycine levels following lithium toxicity: case report. AB - A case is reported of a patient who died as a result of lithium toxicity. Brain lithium levels and changes in brain glycine levels are discussed. PMID- 3922961 TI - Resolution of neuroleptic malignant syndrome with dantrolene sodium: case report. AB - A case of neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) with an abrupt onset was terminated quickly with i.v. dantrolene sodium. The prompt and satisfactory outcome after early diagnosis indicates that dantrolene should be considered a useful treatment in NMS. PMID- 3922962 TI - beta-D-Glucosidase from seeds of Japanese cycad, Cycas revoluta Thunb.: properties and substrate specificity. AB - beta-D-Glucosidase was purified from seeds of Japanese cycad by dialysis, chromatography on CM-Sepharose CL-6B, gel filtration on Biogel P-200, and chromatofocusing. By chromatofocusing, beta-D-glucosidase was separated into four components whose isoelectric points were in a very narrow range (7.43-7.68). All these components were glycoproteins. The main component (pI = 7.59) was homogeneous on gel isoelectric focusing, and was crystallized from ammonium sulfate solution. The molecular weight of the crystalline preparation was determined to be 137,000 by gel filtration, and 67,000 by sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, indicating the main component was composed of two subunits with the same molecular weight. The amino acid composition and sugar content of the main component were also determined. All four components hydrolyzed not only o-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside but also o-nitrophenyl beta-D-galactopyranoside, o-nitrophenyl beta-D-fucopyranoside, and o-nitrophenyl beta-D-xylopyranoside. Hydrolysis rates of each substrate by the four components were quite similar. Mixed substrate experiments using crystalline preparation proved that a single active site was responsible for the hydrolysis of these substrates. PMID- 3922963 TI - Studies on T. utilis tRNATyr variants with enzymatically altered D-loop sequences. I. Deletion of the conserved sequence Gm-G and its effects on aminoacylation and conformation. AB - Variants of T. utilis tRNATyr containing deletions or substitutions of nucleotides in the D-loop region have been prepared by several enzymatic reaction steps in vitro. Although these variants lack the "conserved" nucleotides Gm18-G19 in their D-loop, their tyrosine-accepting capacities are indistinguishable from that of the native tRNATyr. Thermal denaturation studies with tRNATyr variants lacking the Gm18-G19 sequence have revealed a biphasic nature of the melting profile, suggesting the loss of tertiary interactions between Gm18-G19 and somewhere in the molecule (probably in the T psi C-loop region). These results indicate that nucleotide sequences around Gm18-G19 (i.e. D16-D-Gm-G19 or Gm18-G-D D21) themselves are not essential sites for the recognition of tRNATyr by T. utilis tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase and that tRNATyr variants with an apparently "relaxed" conformation still have full aminoacylation capacities at around 30 degrees C. PMID- 3922964 TI - Characterization of the photosynthetic electron transport chain in normal and photobleached Anabaena cylindrica by flash spectroscopy. AB - Electron transport of normal and photobleached Anabaena cylindrica was studied using spectral and kinetic analyses of absorbance transients induced by single turnover flashes. Between 500 and 600 nm two positive bands (approximately 540 and approximately 566 nm) and two negative bands (approximately 515 and approximately 554 nm) were found. Absorbance changes at 515 and 540 nm were partly characterized. None of these absorbance changes represent an electrochromic shift. Absorbance changes at 554 and 566 nm correspond to the oxidation of cytochrome f and the reduction of cytochrome b563, respectively. We found a very slight 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU) sensitivity of cytochrome f in normal cells, while DCMU was completely ineffective for cytochrome f reduction in photobleached cells. The absorbance change of cytochrome b563 increased, while the absorbance change of cytochrome f was smaller than in normal cells. The increased O2 evolution in photobleached cells and the negligible electron transport via cytochrome f suggest the participation of other electron acceptor(s) in the electron-transport chain of photobleached Anabaena cylindrica. PMID- 3922965 TI - Facilitation of the conversion from B to Z conformation in poly(dG-dC) modified by anti-benzo(a)pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide. AB - The transition from B to Z conformation has been studied in poly(dG-dC) covalently modified with racemic anti- or syn-benzo(a)pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10 epoxide (BPDE), a strong and a weak carcinogen, respectively. Circular dichroism was used to study the kinetics of the transition after a sudden increase of the ionic strength to 2.7 M NaCl. The results show that the rate of the B to Z transition of poly(dG-dC) in high NaCl concentration is considerably enhanced by bound anti-BPDE and diminished by bound syn-BPDE. The results may be interpreted such that at the binding site of anti-BPDE the base stacking is distorted and made looser, which facilitates the B to Z transition. The partly intercalative nature of the syn-BPDE complexes apparently is effective in reducing the rate of the transition. These properties of the two BPDEs may be relevant to explain their different carcinogenic potencies. PMID- 3922966 TI - Calcium ionophore enables soluble agonists to stimulate macrophage 5 lipoxygenase. AB - The regulation of arachidonic acid conversion by the 5-lipoxygenase and the cyclooxygenase pathways in mouse peritoneal macrophages has been studied using particulate and soluble agonists. Particulate agonists, zymosan and latex, stimulated the production of cyclooxygenase metabolites as well as the 5 lipoxygenase product, leukotriene C4. In contrast, incubation with the soluble agonist phorbol myristate acetate or exogenous arachidonic acid led to the production of cyclooxygenase metabolites but not leukotriene C4. We tested the hypothesis that the 5-lipoxygenase, unlike the cyclooxygenase, requires activation by calcium before arachidonic acid can be utilized as a substrate. Addition of phorbol myristate acetate to macrophages in the presence of calcium ionophore (A23187) at a concentration which alone did not stimulate arachidonate metabolism resulted in a synergistic increase (50-fold) in leukotriene C4 synthesis compared to phorbol ester or A23187 alone. No such effect on the cyclooxygenase pathway metabolism was observed. Exogenous arachidonic acid in the presence of A23187 produced similar results yielding a 10-fold greater synthesis of leukotriene C4 over either substance alone without any effects on the cyclooxygenase metabolites. Presumably, calcium ionophore unmasked the synthesis of leukotriene C4 from phorbol myristate acetate-released and exogenous arachidonate by elevating intracellular calcium levels enough for 5-lipoxygenase activation. These data indicate that once arachidonic acid is released from phospholipid by an agonist, it is available for conversion by both enzymatic pathways. However, leukotriene synthesis may not occur unless intracellular calcium levels are elevated either by phagocytosis of particulate agonists or with calcium ionophore. PMID- 3922967 TI - The molecular morphology of bovine heart mitochondrial NADH-ubiquinone reductase. Cross-linking with dithiobis(succinimidyl propionate). AB - The molecular morphology of NADH-ubiquinone reductase (complex I) was investigated by cross-linking with the cleavable bifunctional reagent, dithiobis(succinimidyl propionate). Cross-linking inhibits the following activities of the complex--NADH----3-acetylpyridine adenine dinucleotide (oxidized), NADH----2,6-dichloroindophenol, NADH----ferricyanide, and NADH--- menadione--to different degrees with the greatest inhibition occurring with either ferricyanide or 3-acetylpyridine adenine dinucleotide as electron acceptor. Addition of 150 microM NADH affords partial protection from inhibition. Cross-linking quenches the FMN fluorescence of complex I (288 nm excitation/515 nm emission), and addition of 150 microM NADH greatly reduces the quenching. Treatment of complex I (1 mg/ml) for 2 min with dithiobis(succinimidyl propionate) (0.2 mg/ml) at 4 degrees C revealed a cross-linked product consisting of the following seven subunits: 75-80, 53-57, 42, 33-35, 24-27, 17-18, and 12.5 15.5 kDa. Five minutes of treatment cross-linked the unidentified polypeptides of 69 and 51 kDa to six of the seven complex I subunits, but the 12.5-15.5-kDa subunit may be missing from this cross-linked product, while 15 min of treatment cross-linked additional unidentified polypeptides of 177, 107, 72, and 63 kDa. Since longer times of cross-linking result in a larger number of unidentifiable polypeptide spots, the shorter cross-linking time results are taken as a more accurate picture of the native enzyme conformation. This would indicate that within complex I the following subunits are within 12 A of each other at one or more points in space: 75-80, 53-57, 42-45, 33-35, 24-27, 17-18, and, perhaps, 12.5-15.5 kDa. These subunits represent portions of all three fractions of the enzyme, i.e. flavoprotein, iron-protein, and insoluble or hydrophobic fractions. PMID- 3922968 TI - Evidence for tyrosyl residues at the Na+ site on the intestinal Na+/glucose cotransporter. AB - A tyrosine group has been identified at, or near, the Na+-binding site of the Na+/glucose and Na+/proline cotransporters of rabbit intestinal brush-borders. Three tyrosine group-specific reagents, n-acetylimidazole, tetranitromethane, and p-nitrobenzene sulfonyl fluoride, were used to evaluate the role of tyrosyl groups in Na+-dependent glucose transport, Na+-dependent phlorizin binding, and the Na+-induced fluorescence quenching of fluorescein isothiocyanate bound to the glucose site of the carrier. All three reagents inhibited glucose transport, phlorizin binding, and fluorescein isothiocyanate quenching by 50-85% with Ki values in the range 7-50 microM. The presence of Na+ during the exposure of membranes to the reagents completely protected against inhibition, the Na+ concentration required to produce 50% protection was 14-36 mM. Fluorescent derivatives of n-acetylimidazole were synthesized to identify the tyrosyl residues on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. A total of five polypeptide bands were labeled with eosin or fluorescein n-acetylimidazole in a Na+-sensitive manner. Two of these bands, previously identified as the glucose (75,000-dalton) and proline (100,000-dalton) binding sites of the glucose and proline carriers, account for 50% of the Na+-sensitive tyrosyl residues. On the basis of these studies, we believe that the Na+/glucose cotransporter contains both the Na+ and glucose active sites on the same polypeptide or that the cotransporter consists of two similar polypeptides, each containing one substrate binding site. PMID- 3922969 TI - 22-Carbon polyenoic acids. Incorporation into platelet phospholipids and the synthesis of these acids from 20-carbon polyenoic acid precursors by intact platelets. AB - The types of unsaturated fatty acids found in platelet phospholipids must be regulated by a series of controls which include specificity for activation and acylation as well as modification of circulating fatty acids by platelets prior to incubation into phospholipids. In this study we show that washed human platelets not only incorporate [1-14C]6,9,12-18:3, [1-14C]6,9,12,15-18:4, [1 14C]5,8,11-20:3, [1-14C]5,8,11,14-20:4, and [1-14C]5,8,11,14,17-20:5 into their phospholipids but also chain elongate each of these acids with subsequent acylation of the chain elongated products into phospholipids. Platelets incubated alone with 1-14C-labeled 5,8,11-20:3, 5,8,11,14-20:4, 5,8,11,14,17-20:5, 7,10,13,16,19-22:5, or 4,7,10,13,16,19-22:6 incorporated each of these acids into individual phosphoglycerides with phosphatidylinositol having the highest specific activity followed by phosphatidylcholine with phosphatidylserine approximately equal to phosphatidylethanolamine. The incorporation specificity of 4,7,10,13,16,19-22:6 was atypical since it was a relatively poor substrate for acylation into all phospholipids except phosphatidylethanolamine. The 20-carbon acids were better substrates for incorporation into phospholipids than were the 22-carbon compounds. Simultaneous incubation of 10 microM [1-14C]5,8,11,14-20:4 with increasing levels (5 to 15 microM) of each of the above five other 1-14C labeled acids showed a concentration-dependent increase in the amount of the second fatty acid incorporated into platelet phospholipids. Dietary fat modification thus has the potential of increasing the plasma pool of 22-carbon acids for incorporation into platelets. In addition the activation of 20-carbon eicosanoid precursors by the high affinity platelet activating enzyme (Wilson, D. B., Prescott, S. M. and Majerus, P. W. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 3510-3515) will yield an acyl-CoA for both acylation and chain elongation followed by subsequent incorporation of 22-carbon acids into phosphoglycerides. PMID- 3922970 TI - The sequence of equine muscle carbonic anhydrase. AB - The sequence of equine muscle carbonic anhydrase (CA-III) has been determined. The 2 reactive cysteines of the 5 such residues have been localized. A strong sequence homology to other mammalian carbonic anhydrases exists, and 91% of the residues in the equine and bovine muscle forms are identical. PMID- 3922972 TI - Isolation, characterization, and mapping to chromosome 19 of the human apolipoprotein E gene. AB - The human apo-E gene has been isolated from a lambda phage library using as a probe the previously reported apo-E cDNA clone pE-301. Lambda apo-E was mapped and subcloned, and the apo-E gene was completely sequenced. The DNA sequence was compared with that of a near full length cDNA clone pE-368 and revealed three introns. The first intron was in the region that corresponds to the 5' untranslated region of apo-E mRNA. The second intron interrupted the codon specifying amino acid -4 of the apo-E signal peptide. The third intron interrupted the codon specifying amino acid 61 of the mature protein. Analysis of the DNA sequence revealed four Alu sequences. Two were in opposite orientations in the second intron, and one each occurred in the regions 5' and 3' to the apo-E gene. There were two base differences between the apo-E gene sequence and the sequence derived from the cDNA clones. At the codon for amino acid residue 112, the apo-E gene contained CGC, specifying Arg, whereas the cDNA contained TGC, specifying Cys. The other base difference was in the area corresponding to the 5' untranslated region of apo-E mRNA. Apo-E is commonly polymorphic in the population and the data suggest that the genomic clone was derived from the epsilon 4 apo-E allele, whereas the cDNA clones were derived from the epsilon 3 apo-E allele. S1 nuclease protection and primer extension experiments allowed the tentative assignment of the cap site of apo-E mRNA to the A approximately 44 base pairs upstream of the GT that begins the first intron. The sequence TATAATT was identified beginning 33 base pairs upstream of the proposed cap site and is presumably one element of the apo-E promoter. Finally, the apo-E gene was mapped in the human genome to chromosome 19 through the use of DNA probes and human rodent somatic cell hybrids. PMID- 3922971 TI - Absence of the inhibitory effect of guanine nucleotides on adenylate cyclase activity in white adipocyte membranes of the ob/ob mouse. Effect of the ob gene. AB - In mice homozygous for the ob gene (ob/ob), the response of adipose tissue adenylate cyclase to stimulation by lipolytic hormones is abnormally low in comparison to that in lean mice (+/+). Studies on the kinetics of adenylate cyclase activation in white adipocyte membranes under a variety of conditions show the following differences between +/+ and ob/ob mice. 1) The inhibitory effects of GTP and guanyl-5'-yl imidodiphosphate, which were clearly seen in +/+ membranes, were absent in the ob/ob membranes. 2) Half-maximal activation by GTP (in the presence of isoproterenol) required at least 10 times more GTP in ob/ob than in +/+ membranes. 3) Increasing the magnesium concentration (up to 10 mM) of the assay medium facilitated the activation of cyclase by modulatory ligands proportionately more in ob/ob than in +/+ membranes; in the +/+ membranes, 10 mM Mg2+ abolished the inhibitory effects of GTP. 4) Treatment with pertussis toxin attenuated the inhibitory effects of guanine nucleotides in +/+ membranes; no effect of the treatment was seen in the ob/ob membranes. 5) Pretreatment of membranes with cholera toxin facilitated cyclase activation proportionately more in ob/ob than in +/+ membranes; in addition, this treatment led to a shift to the left of the GTP dose-response curve in the ob/ob membranes. Cholera and pertussis toxins catalyzed the incorporation of ADP-ribose into their respective substrates in both the +/+ and the ob/ob membranes, showing that the alpha subunits of the stimulatory and inhibitory proteins of the regulatory component Ns and Ni, respectively are present in both types of membranes. Taken together, the results are consistent with the hypothesis that an excess of beta subunit (either primary or secondary to an altered interaction between beta and Ni alpha or Ns alpha) is responsible for the altered sensitivity to activating ligands of the adipocyte adenylate cyclase of the ob/ob mouse. In addition to these findings, we report an effect of the ob gene on the expression of adenylate cyclase activity, since adipose tissue cyclase from heterozygous lean mice (+/ob) showed characteristics which were intermediate between those of +/+ and ob/ob membranes. PMID- 3922973 TI - Partial purification of stable transcription complexes with cloned tRNA genes of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - The specific transcription of a cloned Drosophila melanogaster tRNAVal4 gene and a tRNASer7 gene by extracts from a homologous embryonic cell line showed lag periods of about 30 min before maximum rates were reached. This lag appeared to represent the time to form an active transcription complex. Thus, when extracts were incubated with template DNA for 30 min at 22 degrees C and stored in the cold, the subsequent transcription rate was linear with time and without a lag. After ultracentrifugation of a preincubated reaction mixture on a sucrose step gradient consisting of 20, 30, 40, and 60% shelves, about 40% of the transcription activity in the extract was found in the 40% shelf. This fraction formed almost exclusively RNA I, the unprocessed tRNA gene transcript, and transcription required only addition of ribonucleoside triphosphates. The rate of formation of RNA by the 40% sucrose fraction was linear against time, with no lag, and linear with the quantity of fraction. The yield of activity isolated on the gradient was directly proportional to the quantity of cloned gene in the preincubation mixture. At a limiting concentration of the gene in the preincubation mixture, the turnover number of the isolated complex was approximately 50 transcripts/gene/h. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of fractions containing the complex still showed many bands, although the complex activity was greatly purified compared to the extract. From the sedimentation behavior of the isolated active transcription complex and from its stability and transcriptional properties, we conclude that the 40% sucrose fraction contains an active transcription complex containing a cloned tRNA gene, RNA polymerase III, and the accessory protein factors required for transcription. PMID- 3922974 TI - Tyrosine sulfation of yolk proteins 1, 2, and 3 in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Protein sulfation was studied in Drosophila melanogaster after in vivo labeling of flies with inorganic [35S]sulfate. After separation of total fly protein by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, proteins with sulfated carbohydrates and proteins containing tyrosine sulfate were found in all the molecular weight ranges analyzed. When female and male fly proteins were compared with each other, the electrophoretic patterns of protein-bound carbohydrate sulfate were found to be similar, whereas those of protein-bound tyrosine sulfate were distinct. The most prominent difference was the exclusive presence in female flies of three major tyrosine-sulfated proteins with apparent molecular masses between 48 and 45 kDa. Radioimmunolabeling after two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to identify these proteins as yolk proteins 1, 2, and 3. Each of the three yolk proteins existed in several isoelectric forms, all of which were sulfated. Since the number of tyrosine residues in the yolk proteins is known, the stoichiometry of tyrosine sulfation could be determined by a novel method and was found to be 2.2, 0.9, and 1.2 mol of tyrosine sulfate per mol of yolk protein 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The present results, together with the recently reported molecular cloning of the yolk protein genes, make the yolk proteins suitable objects for genetic approaches to investigate the biological role(s) of tyrosine sulfation of secretory proteins. PMID- 3922975 TI - The primary structure of rabbit and rat prealbumin and a comparison with the tertiary structure of human prealbumin. AB - The primary structures of rabbit and rat prealbumin have been determined. The amino acid sequence of rabbit prealbumin was determined by analyses of peptides obtained by trypsin and Staphylococcus aureus protease digestions. The rat prealbumin sequence was deduced by analyses of tryptic peptides as well as by nucleotide sequencing of cDNA clones. Both amino acid sequences contain 127 amino acid residues, the same as human prealbumin. Pairwise comparisons show that the three sequences are more than 80% identical. All three prealbumins were found to display significant sequence homology with human thyroxine-binding globulin. A comparison of the primary structures of the prealbumins with the tertiary structure of human prealbumin shows that amino acid replacements are preferentially located at the surface of the molecule and in the loops connecting the beta-strands. The locations of the replacements are discussed as regards the different molecular interactions in which prealbumin is involved. PMID- 3922976 TI - Engineering an enzyme by site-directed mutagenesis to be resistant to chemical oxidation. AB - Site-directed mutagenesis can be employed to alter activity critical residues in proteins which are susceptible to chemical oxidation. Previous studies have implicated methionine 222 as a primary site for oxidative inactivation of subtilisin (Stauffer, C. E., and Etson, D. (1969) J. Biol. Chem. 244, 5333-5338). Because of uncertainties in predicting which amino acid would be the optimal substitute for methionine 222, we prepared all 19 amino acid substitutions at this site in the cloned subtilisin gene using a cassette mutagenesis method (Wells, J. A., Vasser, M., and Powers, D. P. (1985) Gene (Amst.), in press). Mutant enzymes were expressed in Bacillus subtilis and were found to vary widely in specific activity. Mutants containing nonoxidizable amino acids (i.e. Ser, Ala, and Leu) were resistant to inactivation by 1 M H2O2, whereas methionine and cysteine enzymes were rapidly inactivated. These studies demonstrate the feasibility of improving oxidative stability in proteins by site-directed mutagenesis. PMID- 3922977 TI - Biosynthesis and modification of Golgi mannosidase II in HeLa and 3T3 cells. AB - The biosynthesis and post-translational modification of mannosidase II, an enzyme required in the maturation of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides in the Golgi complex, has been investigated. Antibody raised against this enzyme purified from rat liver Golgi membranes was used to immunoprecipitate mannosidase II from rat liver, 3T3 cells, or HeLa cells. Mannosidase II immunoprecipitated from rat liver Golgi membranes, when analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, migrated with an apparent molecular weight of approximately 124,000. In contrast, the enzyme purified from rat liver Golgi membranes was shown to contain both the 124,000-dalton component and a 110,000-dalton polypeptide believed to result from degradation of intact mannosidase II during purification. Mannosidase II from 3T3 and HeLa cells migrated on polyacrylamide gels with apparent molecular weights of approximately 124,000 and 134,000-136,000, respectively. When immunoprecipitated from radiolabeled cultures, mannosidase II from both cell types was similar in the following respects: (a) the initial synthesis product had an apparent molecular weight of approximately 124,000; (b) in cultures treated with tunicamycin the initial synthesis product had an apparent molecular weight of approximately 117,000; (c) endoglycosidase H digestion of the initial synthesis product gave an apparent molecular weight similar to the tunicamycin-induced polypeptide; (d) the mature enzyme was mostly (HeLa) or entirely (3T3) resistant to digestion by endoglycosidase H. Loss of [35S]methionine from intracellular mannosidase II occurred with a half-life of approximately 20 h; there was no appreciable accumulation of labeled immuno-reactive material in the medium. HeLa mannosidase II, but not the 3T3 enzyme, was additionally modified 1-3 h after synthesis, the initial synthesis product being converted to a doublet with an apparent molecular weight of approximately 134,000-136,000. Evidence is presented that this mobility shift may result from O-glycosylation. Mannosidase II from both cell types could be labeled with [32P]phosphate or [35S]sulfate. The latter is apparently attached to oligosaccharide as indicated by inhibition of labeling by tunicamycin; the former was shown with the HeLa enzyme to be present as serine phosphate moieties. In addition, [3H]palmitate could be incorporated into the enzyme in 3T3 cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3922978 TI - A new affinity labeling reagent for the active site of glycogen synthase. Uridine diphosphopyridoxal. AB - A new affinity labeling reagent for glycogen synthase a from rabbit muscle, uridine diphosphopyridoxal, has been prepared. Incubation of the enzyme with this reagent resulted in a time-dependent, almost complete loss of activity. The inactivation was pseudo-first order, and the results of the kinetic analysis suggested the formation of a noncovalent enzyme-reagent complex prior to the covalent reaction, with a Kinact of 25 microM and a maximal rate constant of 0.22 min-1. The inactivation was pronouncedly protected by UDP-Glc and UDP, but not by the allosteric activator glucose 6-phosphate. The increase in a spectral peak at 425 nm and the decrease in enzymatic activity were well correlated, suggesting that the reagent causes the inactivation of the enzyme by the formation of a Schiff base. The rate of inactivation increased as the pH was raised, giving a pK of 8.85. Almost all the original activity was recovered by the treatment of the inactivated enzyme with cysteamine or any other aminothiol compound. No recovery of the activity, however, was observed with inactivated enzyme which had been treated with NaBH4. A peptide containing the labeled amino acid was isolated for inactivated enzyme after reduction with NaBH4, carboxymethylation, and chymotryptic digestion by fractionation on a Bio-Gel P-6 column and high performance liquid chromatographies. Manual Edman degradation established the sequence as Glu-Val-Ala-Asn-labeled Lys-Val-Gly-Gly-Ile-(Tyr). The introduction of an active site-directing moiety to pyridoxal 5'-phosphate makes the resultant reagent an effective probe for the active site of glycogen synthase. PMID- 3922979 TI - The binding of factor IXa to cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells. Induction of a specific site in the presence of factors VIII and X. AB - Previous studies have demonstrated a Factor IX and IXa binding site on the endothelial cell surface for which both the zymogen and enzyme compete with equal affinity. In this report, we demonstrate that the affinity of Factor IXa, but not Factor IX, for the cell surface is increased in the presence of both Factors VIII and X. When Factor Xa formation was studied in the presence of saturating concentrations of Factors VIII and X, the half-maximal rate was observed at a Factor IXa concentration of 151 +/- 12 pM. Active site-blocked Factor IXa, 5 dimethylaminonaphthalene-1-sulfonyl-Glu-Gly-Arg-Factor IXa, was a more effective inhibitor of Factor X activation (Ki = 124 pM) than was Factor IX (Ki = 3.0 nM). Radioligand binding studies carried out in the presence of Factors VIII and X confirmed the presence of a selective endothelial cell Factor IXa binding site with Kd = 127 +/- 27 pM. In contrast, when Factor IXa binding was studied in the absence of other coagulation factors, or in the presence of Factor VIII (thrombin activated or unactivated) alone, this new high affinity site was not observed. Competitive binding studies indicated that Factor IXa was 12 times more effective as an inhibitor of Factor IX-endothelial cell binding in the presence of Factors VIII and X. Consistent with the increased affinity of Factor IXa binding in the presence of factors VIII and X, cell-associated Factor IXa coagulant activity decayed 7 times more slowly in the presence of these coagulation factors. These results demonstrate selective Factor IXa-endothelial cell binding in the presence of Factors VIII and X, suggesting this interaction could be a physiologic occurrence. PMID- 3922980 TI - Coupling of the guanine nucleotide regulatory protein to chemotactic peptide receptors in neutrophil membranes and its uncoupling by islet-activating protein, pertussis toxin. A possible role of the toxin substrate in Ca2+-mobilizing receptor-mediated signal transduction. AB - A chemotactic peptide stimulated the high-affinity GTPase activity in membrane preparations from guinea pig neutrophils. The enzyme stimulation was inhibited by prior exposure of the membrane-donor cells to islet-activating protein (IAP), pertussis toxin, or by direct incubation of the membrane preparations with its A protomer (the active peptide) in the presence of NAD. The affinity for the chemotactic peptide binding to its receptors was lowered by guanyl-5'-yl beta, gamma-imidodiphosphate (Gpp(NH)p) reflecting its coupling to the guanine nucleotide regulatory protein in neutrophils. The affinity in the absence of Gpp(NH)p was lower, but the affinity in its presence was not, in the A-protomer treated membranes than in nontreated membranes. The inhibitory guanine nucleotide regulatory protein of adenylate cyclase (Ni) was purified from rat brain, and reconstituted into the membranes from IAP-treated cells. The reconstitution was very effective in increasing formyl-Met-Leu-Phe-dependent GTPase activity and increasing the chemotactic peptide binding to membranes due to affinity increase. The half-maximal concentration of IAP to inhibit GTPase activity was comparable to that of the toxin to inhibit the cellular arachidonate-releasing response which was well correlated with ADP-ribosylation of a membrane Mr = 41,000 protein (Okajima, F., and Ui, M. (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 13863-13871). It is proposed that the IAP substrate, Ni, couples to the chemotactic peptide receptor and mediates arachidonate-releasing responses in neutrophils, as it mediates adenylate cyclase inhibition in many other cell types. PMID- 3922981 TI - Interaction of tetanus toxin with lipid vesicles at low pH. Protection of specific polypeptides against proteolysis. AB - Two main polypeptides, Mr about 27,000 and 21,000, were protected against pepsin proteolysis when a mixture consisting of asolectin vesicles and 125I-labeled tetanus toxin was subjected to a pH drop from 7.2 to 3.0. The same result was obtained with the amino-terminal portion of the toxin (called fragment B). These polypeptides were not found to be protected in the following conditions: (i) when vesicles were omitted from the mixture; (ii) when the external pH of the vesicles was maintained at 7.2 and trypsin was used as a proteolytic agent; and (iii) when the vesicles were ruptured either before or after addition of the toxin. By specific immunoprecipitation, we identified the protected polypeptides as part of the central fragment of tetanus toxin. In addition, a 15.5-kDa polypeptide, belonging to toxin fragment C, was shown to be particularly resistant to digestion by various proteases, even in the absence of lipid vesicles. Based on these findings, we propose a model for entry of tetanus toxin into its target cells. PMID- 3922982 TI - Lipoxygenase products of arachidonic acid modulate biosynthesis of platelet activating factor (1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) by human neutrophils via phospholipase A2. AB - When human neutrophils, previously labeled in their phospholipids with [14C]arachidonate, were stimulated with the Ca2+-ionophore, A23187, plus Ca2+ in the presence of [3H]acetate, these cells released [14C]arachidonate from membrane phospholipids, produced 5-hydroxy-6,8,11,14-[14C]eicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE) and 14C-labeled 5S,12R-dihydroxy-6-cis,8,10-trans, 14-cis-eicosatetraenoic acid ([14C]leukotriene B4), and incorporated [3H]acetate into platelet-activating factor (PAF, 1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine). Ionophore A23187 induced formation of these radiolabeled products was greatly augmented by submicromolar concentrations of exogenous 5-hydroperoxy-6,8,11,14 eicosatetraenoic acid (5-HPETE), 5-HETE, and leukotriene B4. In the absence of ionophore A23187, these arachidonic acid metabolites were virtually ineffective. Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) and several other lipoxygenase/cyclooxygenase inhibitors (butylated hydroxyanisole, 3-amino-1-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)-2 pyrazoline and 1-phenyl-2-pyrazolidinone) caused parallel inhibition of [14C]arachidonate release and [3H]PAF formation in a dose-dependent manner. Specific cyclooxygenase inhibitors, such as indomethacin and naproxen, did not inhibit but rather slightly augmented the formation of these products. Furthermore, addition of 5-HPETE, 5-HETE, or leukotriene B4 (but not 8-HETE or 15 HETE) to neutrophils caused substantial relief of NDGA inhibition of [3H]PAF formation and [14C]arachidonate release. As opposed to [3H]acetate incorporation into PAF, [3H]lyso-PAF incorporation into PAF by activated neutrophils was little affected by NDGA. In addition, NDGA had no effect on lyso-PAF:acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase as measured in neutrophil homogenate preparations. It is concluded that in activated human neutrophils 5-lipoxygenase products can modulate PAF formation by enhancing the expression of phospholipase A2. PMID- 3922983 TI - Structure and assembly of the endoplasmic reticulum. Biosynthetic sorting of endoplasmic reticulum proteins. AB - We have studied the post-translational processing and the biosynthetic sorting of three protein components of murine endoplasmic reticulum (ER), ERp60, ERp72, and ERp99. In pulse-labeled MOPC-315 (where MOPC-315 represents mineral oil-induced plasmacytoma cells) plasmacytoma cells, no precursor forms of these proteins were detected and only ERp99 was sensitive to endoglycosidase H. The ERp99 oligosaccharide remained endoglycosidase H sensitive during a 3-h chase, and analysis by high performance liquid chromatography showed the predominant structure to be Man8GlcNAc2. We have used a sucrose gradient analysis of pulse labeled MOPC-315 plasmacytoma cells in order to directly study the biosynthetic sorting of both glycosylated and nonglycosylated ERps and have found no strong evidence to suggest these proteins ever leave the endoplasmic reticulum. In spite of their common sorting pathway, these proteins differ in their membrane orientation. Both ERp60 and ERp72 are entirely protected by the endoplasmic reticulum membrane while ERp99 appears to have a large domain exposed on the cytoplasmic face of the endoplasmic reticulum. PMID- 3922984 TI - Two histone H1-specific protein-lysine N-methyltransferases from Euglena gracilis. Purification and characterization. AB - Two forms of a histone H1-specific S-adenosylmethionine:protein-lysine N methyltransferase (protein methylase III) have been purified from Euglena gracilis 48- and 214-fold, respectively, with yields of 3.4 and 4.6%. The enzymes were purified on DEAE-cellulose and histone-Sepharose affinity chromatography and found to be highly specific toward histone H1 as a substrate. However, one of the enzymes also methylates other histone subfractions to a limited extent. Of the proteins other than histones, only myosin showed measurable methyl-accepting capability. Both enzymes were found to be inhibited by S-adenosylhomocysteine (D and L forms), S-adenosyl-L-ethionine, and sinefungin. While the Ki values for S adenosyl-L-ethionine were similar for both enzymes, the values for S-adenosyl-L homocysteine and sinefungin were 10-fold lower for the second form. The Km values for histone H1 and S-adenosyl-L-methionine were found to be 3.1 X 10(-7) and 2.7 X 10(-5) M, respectively, for the first enzyme, and 4.4 X 10(-7) and 3.45 X 10( 5) M for the second. Peptide analysis of methyl-14C-labeled H1 revealed that the two enzymes methylate different sites within the histone H1 molecule. The two enzymes were found to have molecular weights of 55,000 and 34,000, respectively. Both enzymes have an optimum pH of 9.0, which is identical to that of other protein-lysine N-methyltransferases thus far identified. PMID- 3922985 TI - Stretch-induced myosin light chain phosphorylation and stretch-release-induced tension development in arterial smooth muscle. AB - Stretching arteries from resting length to 1.7 times the resting length increased myosin light chain phosphorylation from 40 to 70% in a graded fashion, reaching a plateau at 1.6 times the resting length. When the fully stretched arteries were released, active tension developed without any exogenous stimulating agent. This stretch-release-induced tension approached the same magnitude as that of the control K+-induced tension. Stretch-induced phosphorylation and the subsequent tension development upon release of stretch were prevented by incubating the arteries in physiological salt solutions containing ethylene glycol bis(beta aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) or chlorpromazine. The inhibition produced by EGTA was reversible. Stretch-induced phosphorylation decreased as a function of time, regardless of whether stretch was maintained, or slackened slowly, or released quickly. While tension developed upon release of stretch, light chain phosphorylation simultaneously decreased. As tension reached and maintained its maximal value, phosphorylation continued to decrease. Thus, light chain phosphorylation is necessary for activation of arterial muscle contraction, but it need not be maintained during tension development or maintenance. PMID- 3922986 TI - Xanthurenic acid 8-O-beta-D-glucoside, a novel tryptophan metabolite in eye-color mutants of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - An unknown fluorescent metabolite has been isolated from heads of eye-color mutants of Drosophila melanogaster. Only a few mutations cause it to accumulate, viz. cardinal (cd), dark red brown (drb), Henna-recessive (Hnr), purple (pr), Punch2 (Pu2), Punch-Grape (PuGr), and scarlet (st). After purification by ion exchange chromatography, the spectroscopic, chemical, and enzymatic analyses revealed that it is a novel quinoline derivative: xanthurenic acid 8-O-beta-D glucoside. Feeding experiments suggest that this glucoside is synthesized from 3 hydroxykynurenine and that free xanthurenic acid is not a precursor. The results from the analysis for its occurrence in double mutants, together with the fact that xanthurenic acid 8-glucoside share the same precursor as xanthurenic acid and xanthommatin, suggest that xanthurenic acid 8-glucoside formation is closely related to the regulation of the last step in the biosynthesis of xanthommatin. PMID- 3922987 TI - Evidence that phospholipid turnover is the signal transducing system coupled to serotonin-S2 receptor sites. AB - Upon stimulation with serotonin of washed human platelets prelabeled with [32P]orthophosphate, we found an approximately 250% increase in [32P]phosphatidic acid (PA) formation, a small decrease in [32P]phosphatidylinositol 4,5 bisphosphate, and a concomitant increase in [32P]phosphatidylinositol 4 phosphate. Using [3H]arachidonate for prelabeling, [3H]diacylglycerol accumulated transiently at 10 s after addition of the agonist, [3H]PA increased but to a lower extent compared to 32P-labeled lipid, and the formation of both [3H]polyphosphoinositides increased. The serotonin-induced dose-dependent changes in [32P]PA correlate with its effect on the changes in slope of aggregation of platelets. The potency of 13 drugs to antagonize the serotonin-induced PA formation closely corresponds to both their potency to inhibit platelet aggregation and their binding affinity for serotonin-S2 receptor sites. It is suggested that at least part of the signal transducing system following activation of the serotonin-S2 receptors involves phospholipase C catalyzed inositol lipid breakdown yielding diacylglycerol which is subsequently phosphorylated to PA. PMID- 3922988 TI - Regulation by calcium of prolactin and growth hormone mRNA sequences in primary cultures of rat pituitary cells. AB - Addition of Ca2+ to primary cultures of female pituitary cells incubated in serum free medium lacking added Ca2+ yielded no effects on levels of prolactin or growth hormone mRNA, assayed by cytoplasmic dot hybridization. However, incubation of the cells in serum-free medium containing sufficient ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid to reduce medium Ca2+ levels below the 10-40 microM present as a trace contaminant yielded a decrease in the levels of both mRNAs. The decrease was dose-dependent at extracellular Ca2+ concentrations below 1.0 microM, had an apparent half-maximum at about 0.3 microM, and did not appear to plateau with increasing incubation times. Following 2-3-day incubations of cells in low Ca2+, a reduction of prolactin mRNA (23-70-fold) consistently greater than the reduction of growth hormone mRNA (9-15-fold) was observed. Similar effects of reduced extracellular Ca2+ were obtained with primary cultures of male pituitary cells. The specificity of these effects of lowered extracellular Ca2+ was demonstrated by the following observations. The decreases in these mRNAs were substantially reversible by readdition of Ca2+ to the incubation medium. Reduction of extracellular Ca2+ led to no detectable changes in cellular ribosomal RNA levels or over-all RNA synthesis. In male pituitary cells, the level of another metal-regulated mRNA, that for metallothionein, was not decreased by a reduction of extracellular Ca2+ that caused a 40-fold decrease in levels of prolactin and growth hormone mRNA. Hence, Ca2+ exhibits specificity in its regulation of pituitary prolactin and growth hormone gene expression. PMID- 3922989 TI - Drosophila ribosomal RNA stability increases during slow growth conditions. AB - We have developed density labeling pulse-chase methods which, in contrast to a conventional radiolabeling approach, allow us to determine the effectiveness of our chase and to measure RNA stability in vivo without measuring precursor pool specific activities. We have used these methods to determine the stability of the embryonic ribosomal RNA inherited by either normally or slowly growing Drosophila melanogaster larvae. If larvae are raised in a rich growth medium, embryonic rRNA decays with a half-life of 48 h. However, if larvae are raised in a poor growth medium, which slows larval growth and prolongs development, the half-life of rRNA increases to 115 h. This is the only example, of which we are aware, directly showing that rRNA half-life increases during slow growth conditions. We propose that the increased stability of rRNA that we find may enable slowly growing larvae to maintain the ribosome levels necessary to continue growth and development under conditions of nutrient deprivation. PMID- 3922990 TI - Standardization of factor VIII: establishment and use of secondary standards. AB - Two secondary standards for use in routine assays of Factor VIII in therapeutic concentrates and in patients, plasmas, respectively, have been established in a multicenter collaborative study. In order to assess the effect of the adoption of these preparations as common Secondary Standards a comparative assay has been performed: one sample of a Factor VIII concentrate of intermediate purity and one plasma sample have been tested in two laboratories for Factor VIII:C activity using as reference, among others, the common working standard. Analysis of the results shows that with the plasma sample the differences of the estimates obtained with any of the references in our two laboratories were not statistically significant (P greater than 0.3), while with the concentrate sample the differences were always statistically significant (P less than 0.005). The study shows that the adoption of common working standards (besides the uniformity in assay method, reagents and basic equipment) is not sufficient to eliminate interlaboratory variation in the measurement of Factor VIII:C. PMID- 3922991 TI - Thoracic lordoscoliosis in neurofibromatosis: treatment by a Harrington rod with sublaminar wiring. Report of two cases. PMID- 3922992 TI - Involvement of zinc in the regulation of pHi, motility, and acrosome reactions in sea urchin sperm. AB - When sperm of Strongylocentrotus purpuratus or Lytechinus pictus are diluted into seawater, motility is initiated; and when exposed to egg jelly, an acrosome reaction is induced. In the presence of a variety of structurally different metal chelators (0.1-1 mM EDTA, EGTA, phenanthroline, dipyridyl, cysteine, or dithiothreitol), motility initiation is delayed and the acrosome reaction is inhibited. Of the metals detected in the sperm of these two species, very low levels of Zn+2 (0.1 microM free Zn+2) uniquely prevent this chelator inhibition. L. pictus sperm concentrate 65Zn+2 from seawater, and EDTA removes 50% of the accumulated 65Zn+2 by 5 min. Since both sperm motility and acrosome reactions are in part regulated by intracellular pH (pHi), the effect of chelators on the sperm pHi was examined by using the fluorescent pH sensitive probe, 9-aminoacridine, EDTA depresses sperm pHi in both species, and 0.1 microM free Zn+2 reverses this pHi depression. When sperm are diluted into media that contain chelators, both NH4Cl and monensin (a Na+/H+ ionophore) increase the sperm pHi and reverse the chelator inhibition of sperm motility and acrosome reactions. The results of this study are consistent with the involvement of a trace metal (probably zinc) in the pHi regulation of sea urchin sperm and indicate a likely mechanism for the previously observed effects of chelators on sperm motility and acrosome reactions. PMID- 3922993 TI - Glycoproteins of the lysosomal membrane. AB - Three glycoprotein antigens (120, 100, and 80 kD) were detected by mono- and/or polyclonal antibodies generated by immunization with highly purified rat liver lysosomal membranes. All of the antigens were judged to be integral membrane proteins based on the binding of Triton X-114. By immunofluorescence on normal rat kidney cells, a mouse monoclonal antibody to the 120-kD antigen co-stained with a polyclonal rabbit antibody that detected the 100- and 80-kD antigens as well as with antibodies to acid phosphatase, indicating that these antigens are preferentially localized in lysosomes. Few 120-kD-positive structures were found to be negative for acid phosphatase, suggesting that the antigen was not concentrated in organelles such as endosomes, which lack acid phosphatase. Immunoperoxidase cytochemistry also showed little reactivity in Golgi cisternae, coated vesicles, or on the plasma membrane. Digestion with endo-beta-N acetylglucosaminidase H (Endo H) and endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase F (Endo F) demonstrated that each of the antigens contained multiple N-linked oligosaccharide chains, most of which were of the complex (Endo H-resistant) type. The 120-kD protein was very heavily glycosylated, having at least 18 N linked chains. It was also rich in sialic acid, since neuraminidase digestion increased the pI of the 120-kD protein from less than 4 to greater than 8. Taken together, these results strongly suggest that the glycoprotein components of the lysosomal membrane are synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum and terminally glycosylated in the Golgi before delivery to lysosomes. We have provisionally designated these antigens lysosomal membrane glycoproteins lgp120, lgp100, lgp80. PMID- 3922994 TI - Modulation of the asymmetry of sea urchin sperm flagellar bending by calmodulin. AB - Sea urchin spermatozoa demembranated with Triton X-100 in the presence of EGTA, termed potentially asymmetric, generate asymmetric bending waves in reactivation solutions containing EGTA. After they are converted to the potentially symmetric condition by extraction with Triton and millimolar Ca++, they generate symmetric bending waves in reactivation solutions containing EGTA. In the presence of EGTA, their asymmetry can be restored by addition of brain calmodulin or the concentrated supernatant obtained from extraction with Triton and millimolar Ca++. These extracts contain calmodulin, as assayed by gel electrophoresis, radioimmunoassay, activation of brain phosphodiesterase, and Ca++-dependent binding of asymmetry-restoring activity to a trifluorophenothiazine-affinity resin. Conversion to the potentially symmetric condition can also be achieved with trifluoperazine substituted for Triton during the exposure to millimolar Ca++, which suggests that the calmodulin-binding activity of Triton is important for this conversion. These observations suggest that the conversion to the potentially symmetric condition is the result of removal of some of the axonemal calmodulin and provide additional evidence for axonemal calmodulin as a mediator of the effect of Ca++ on the asymmetry of flagellar bending. PMID- 3922996 TI - Further biochemical and physicochemical characterization of minor disulfide bonded (type IX) collagen, extracted from foetal calf cartilage. AB - Minor disulfide-bonded collagen (previously termed X1-X7 and now called type IX collagen) was isolated from foetal calf cartilage after pepsin treatment. At least three native fractions, containing, respectively, the X1X2X3, X4, and X5X6X7 chains, were separated; and from further biochemical and physicochemical experiments (differential scanning calorimetry, electrical birefringence, rotary shadowing), we propose a tentative model for their organization within a parent molecule. X1 and X2 are molecules composed of three chains of apparent Mr 62,000 and 50,000 linked by interchain disulfide bonds and containing pepsin-sensitive regions. The cleavage of at least three of these sites, present within X2, gives rise to the X3 and X5X6X7 fractions composed of molecules 80-100 nm and 40-55 nm in length, respectively. The X5X6X7 fraction is not digested by pepsin at 30 degrees C owing to its high thermal stability (certainly explained by its high hydroxyproline + proline content). This organization is in good accordance with that proposed for chicken cartilage type IX collagen; differences could only exist in the number and (or) the location of the pepsin-sensitive sites. PMID- 3922995 TI - Effects of ammonia on processing and secretion of precursor and mature lysosomal enzyme from macrophages of normal and pale ear mice: evidence for two distinct pathways. AB - Lysosomal enzymes have been shown to be synthesized as microsomal precursors, which are processed to mature enzymes located in lysosomes. We examined the effect of ammonium chloride on the intracellular processing and secretion of two lysosomal enzymes, beta-glucuronidase and beta-galactosidase, in mouse macrophages. This lysosomotropic drug caused extensive secretion of both precursor and mature enzyme forms within a few hours, as documented by pulse radiolabeling and molecular weight analysis. The normal intracellular route for processing and secretion of precursor enzyme was altered in treated cells. A small percentage of each precursor was delivered to the lysosomal organelle slowly. Most precursor forms traversed the Golgi apparatus, underwent further processing of carbohydrate moieties, and were then secreted in a manner similar to secretory proteins. The lag time for secretion of newly synthesized beta galactosidase precursor was notably longer than that for the beta-glucuronidase precursor. The source of the secreted mature enzyme was the lysosomal organelle. Macrophages from the pale ear mutant were markedly deficient in secretion of mature lysosomal enzyme but secreted precursor forms normally. These results suggest that ammonia-treated macrophages contain two distinct intracellular pathways for secretion of lysosomal enzymes and that a specific block in the release of lysosomal contents occurs in the pale ear mutant. PMID- 3922998 TI - [Value of total parenteral nutrition after total pancreatectomy]. AB - The authors report 5 cases of Total Pancreatectomy (T.P.) treated with Total Parenteral Nutrition (T.P.N.) in which the non-protein calorie supply consisted of lipids and carbohydrates ("dual energy system"). This form of nutrition, which provided a high energy supply with a reduced glucose intake, prevented the problems associated with hypertonic glucose solutions in the unstable diabetes which follows total pancreatectomy. The authors compared these cases with an earlier series of 11 cases of Total pancreatectomy who were not treated with Total Parenteral Nutrition and observed that the patients treated with TPN had a better recovery, a better glucose homeostasis, a reduction in the complications and mortality and a decreased length of stay in hospital. PMID- 3922997 TI - Proteoglycans: an overview. PMID- 3923000 TI - A confused diabetic with fever, pain, nausea. PMID- 3923001 TI - When to refer. Abnormal Pap smears. PMID- 3923002 TI - Transient ischemic attacks. Locating the source. PMID- 3922999 TI - Lifetime treatment for a transient disease. PMID- 3923003 TI - Foul breath and a productive cough. PMID- 3923004 TI - Otitis media in the child. PMID- 3923005 TI - Rash, cough, and chest pain in a young man. PMID- 3923006 TI - History taking from elderly patients. PMID- 3923007 TI - Acute mitral insufficiency. PMID- 3923008 TI - Assessing activities of daily living. PMID- 3923009 TI - Cryotherapy for minor athletic injuries. PMID- 3923010 TI - Affinity chromatography of Drosophila melanogaster ribosomal proteins to 5S rRNA. AB - The binding of Drosophila melanogaster ribosomal proteins to D. melanogaster 5S rRNA was studied using affinity chromatography of total ribosomal proteins (TP80) on 5S rRNA linked via adipic acid dihydrazide to Sepharose 4B. Ribosomal proteins which bound 5S rRNA at 0.3 M potassium chloride and were eluted at 1 M potassium chloride were identified as proteins 1, L4, 2/3, L14/L16, and S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Using poly A-Sepharose 4B columns as a model of non-specific binding, we found that a subset of TP80 proteins is also bound. This subset, while containing some of the proteins bound by 5S rRNA columns, was distinctly different from the latter subset, indicating that the binding to 5S rRNA was specific for that RNA species. PMID- 3923011 TI - The agents of non-A, non-B viral hepatitis. AB - Recent studies have provided physicochemical and electron microscopic evidence for the existence of two distinct agents of posttransfusion non-A, non-B (NANB) hepatitis. One of these agents is chloroform-resistant and is not associated with the formation of unique ultrastructural structures in infected liver. The other agent is CHCl3-sensitive, induces the formation of characteristic hepatocyte cytoplasmic tubules, and interferes with concurrent HAV or HBV infection in experimentally inoculated chimpanzees. The tubuleforming agent (TFA) has also been shown to pass through an 80 nm capillary pore membrane filter, suggesting that it is a small enveloped (or lipid-containing) virus. The TFA can also be recovered from low titer (less than or equal to 10(5) infectious doses/ml) chronic-phase chimpanzee plasma by use of a multi-step purification procedure that assumes the agent is a small enveloped RNA virus with an approximate buoyant density of 1.24 g/cm3 and a sedimentation coefficient of 200-280 S. The apparent lack of nucleic acid homology between the NANB-TFA and HBV further suggests that the NANB-TFA is either Togavirus-like or belongs to another or as yet undefined class of RNA or DNA virus. PMID- 3923012 TI - ELISA: highlights of the present state of the art. AB - ELISA is now very widely used. Many variations on the theme have been described. The search for further improvements is ongoing, mainly in the areas of sensitivity, specificity and practicability. Of course, the application of monoclonal antibodies is important in this respect. Next to that, further improvements in the detection of the enzyme label have come to the fore. Examples regarding the use of tetra-methylbenzidine as a peroxidase-substrate and details on its safety, a novel amplification method for detecting alkaline phosphatase and an enhanced luminescence method to detect peroxidase are given. PMID- 3923013 TI - High density lipoprotein and coronary artery disease risk factors in children with different lipoprotein profiles: Bogalusa Heart Study. AB - Serum high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and apoprotein A-1 (apo A-1) profiles were examined in subgroups of children (n = 338), initially aged 2-14 years, whose earlier beta-lipoprotein cholesterol (beta-LPC) and pre-beta lipoprotein cholesterol (pre-beta-LPC) measurements were in extreme percentiles of values from a biracial community. Relationships of HDL-C and apo A-1 to serum lipoprotein lipids, apoprotein B (apo B), subscapular skinfold thickness, fasting and 1/2 hr postglucose plasma insulin, and fasting and 1 hr postglucose plasma glucose and free fatty acids were examined. Clustering of several coronary artery disease risk factors in these children was observed. HDL-C levels tended to be low in children having high pre-beta-LPC levels and apo A-1 levels were low in boys having high pre-beta-LPC levels. Within beta- and pre-beta-LPC strata, differences were also observed with respect to race, but not sex, in the mean levels of both HDL-C and apo A-1. HDL-C and apo A.1 were related inversely to subscapular skinfold thickness and plasma insulin levels in all children except those with low levels of both beta-LPC and pre-beta-LPC. Ratios of low density lipoprotein-cholesterol/HDL-C and of apo B/apo A-1 were related positively with other coronary artery disease risk factors except in children having low levels of both beta-LPC and pre-beta-LPC. The magnitude of these associations was greater in whites than in blacks. These observations may help to identify, at an early age, children at high risk of developing coronary artery disease in adulthood. PMID- 3923014 TI - The measurement iterative loop: a framework for the critical appraisal of need, benefits and costs of health interventions. AB - A framework for organizing health services data is presented that subdivides the spectrum of health information into subgroups that constitute a logical progression from quantifying the burden of illness, through identifying its likely causes, to validating interventions that prevent or ameliorate it and evaluating their efficiency, to monitoring the application of these interventions and coming full-circle to determine whether the burden of illness has been reduced. PMID- 3923015 TI - A multivariate analysis of the risk in chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD). AB - This study was undertaken to assess the validity of cluster analysis for stratifying patients with severe COLD into homogenous subgroups in view of further prospective studies. To this aim, physiological measurements and questionnaire data were obtained from 532 outpatients with severe COLD (e.g. a 1 sec forced expiratory volume (FEV1) below 1.5-1/sec). The model variables selected for the partition in cluster were FEV1, PaO2, response to bronchodilators and heart rate. Two subgroups of patients were identified by the analysis: cluster I with significantly greater physiological impairment than cluster II. The comparison of the prevalences of the variables outside the model between the 2 clusters showed, in fact, that cluster I had a significantly higher prevalence of subjects with heavy smoking (p less than 0.01), prolonged occupational exposure (p less than 0.05), low body weight (p less than 0.05), recent hospitalizations for respiratory troubles (p less than 0.02) and emphysema (p less than 0.01). In conclusion, cluster analysis based on few physiological variables was able to identify, among patients with severe COLD, those with poorer general conditions and higher exposure to specific risk factors, for whom a worse prognosis of life can be expected. The advantages of cluster analysis in comparison to other techniques of classification in this kind of patient is discussed. PMID- 3923016 TI - Caloric restriction does not alter thyrotropin secretion in hypothyroidism. AB - The effect of caloric restriction, as a model of nonthyroid illness, on serum thyroid hormone and TSH concentrations in hypothyroid patients was studied to determine if pituitary-thyroid function is altered in such patients, as it is in euthyroid subjects. Serum T4, T3, and TSH concentrations and serum TSH responses to TRH were measured in 5 untreated hypothyroid patients and 10 hypothyroid patients receiving T4 replacement therapy before and after restriction of caloric intake to 500 cal daily for 7 days. In 5 untreated hypothyroid patients, the mean serum T3 concentration declined 17%, from 75 +/- 14 (+/- SE) to 62 +/- 11 ng/dl. The mean basal serum TSH concentrations were 154 +/- 67 (+/- SE) microU/ml before and 161 +/- 75 microU/ml at the end of the period of caloric restriction, and the serum TSH responses to TRH were similar on both occasions. In 10 T4-treated hypothyroid patients, the mean serum T3 concentration declined 35%, from 110 +/- 8 to 71 +/- 8 ng/dl. In this group, mean basal serum TSH concentrations were 17 +/- 5.1 microU/ml before and 18.2 +/- 7.0 microU/ml at the end of the period of caloric restriction, and as in the untreated hypothyroid patients, the serum TSH responses to TRH were similar on both occasions. Mean serum T4 concentrations and serum free T4 index values did not change in either group. These results indicate that caloric restriction in both untreated and T4-treated hypothyroid patients is accompanied by 1) reduced serum T3 concentrations, as it is euthyroid subjects, and 2) no alterations in basal or TRH-stimulated TSH secretion. PMID- 3923017 TI - Effect of human menopausal gonadotropin and follicle regulatory protein(s) on 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in human granulosa cells. AB - Recently, a protein fraction [follicle regulatory protein (FRP)] which inhibits FSH-induced granulosa cell aromatase activity was isolated from both human and porcine follicular fluid. In this study, the actions of FRP on 3 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3 beta-HSDH) activity were examined using granulosa cells obtained from hyperstimulated patients undergoing oocyte aspiration for in vitro fertilization. Granulosa cells were cultured with 0, 167, or 500 micrograms/ml FRP with or without human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG; 10 mIU/ml). After 48 h, the medium (S) was removed and stored. Cells then were mechanically lysed and centrifuged at 10,000 X g. The supernatant was further centrifuged (100,000 X g) to obtain a microsomal fraction (M) and cytosol (C). The M fraction was resuspended in medium 199 with 10(-6) M pregnenolone plus 5 microM NAD+ and incubated for 2 h to determine 3 beta-o1 dehydrogenase activity. The S, C, and M fractions were all assayed for progesterone (P) by RIA. hMG markedly increased P concentrations in the S and C fractions. The M fraction demonstrated a hMG dependent enhancement in 3 beta-HSDH activity. However, the hMG-associated S, C, and M P levels were decreased in granulosa cells coincubated with FRP. In conclusion, ovarian steroidogenesis may be dependent on the integrated interactions of both gonadotropins and local nonsteroidal paracrine/autocrine modulators of granulosa cell function. PMID- 3923018 TI - Hormonal responses to short term fasting in postmenopausal women. AB - Urinary excretion of gonadotropins increases during fasting. We investigated whether this increase results from increased pituitary secretion of LH and FSH or from altered renal excretion of protein molecules. To this end, we studied urinary gonadotropin excretion, serum gonadotropin levels, and pituitary responsiveness of LHRH during control, 10-day fasting, and refeeding periods in 10 mildly obese postmenopausal women. Additionally, we measured urinary cortisol and estriol excretion and circulating levels of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, estradiol, estrone, melatonin, norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine during the control, fasting, and refeeding periods. While urinary excretion of gonadotropins increased markedly during fasting, there were no significant changes in serum gonadotropin levels or in the pituitary sensitivity to LHRH. Plasma norepinephrine and serum melatonin increased significantly during fasting, but serum and urinary estrogens, indices of adrenal activity, and plasma levels of epinephrine and dopamine did not change. These results show that the stress of short term fasting selectively activates only certain components of the neuroendocrine system without any appreciable changes in the function of the gonadotropin-secreting system. Fasting-induced gonadotropinuria is probably explained by altered renal handling of gonadotropin molecules. PMID- 3923020 TI - Variations of plasma growth hormone (GH)-releasing factor levels during GH stimulation tests in children. AB - GH-releasing factor (GHRH) was measured by RIA in the plasma of 22 constitutionally short children given an ornithine infusion or an oral dose of L dopa. After an overnight fast and 1 h of rest, plasma GHRH levels were 49.7 +/- 7.3 pg/ml (+/- SEM). In 5 children, L-dopa induced an increase in mean GH levels from 1.8 to 12 ng/ml at 60 min. Mean plasma GHRH levels increased from 47 pg/ml to a peak of 96 pg/ml at 15 min (P less than 0.02). In 4 other children, no increase in either GH or GHRH occurred after L-dopa treatment. In these 9 children, a significant correlation was found between the peak GH and GHRH concentrations (r = 0.841; P less than 0.001). On the contrary, ornithine-induced GH release was not preceded by a GHRH rise, but was followed by a GHRH decrease, from 51 to 27 pg/ml (P less than 0.02). We conclude that the 2 tests stimulate GH release in different ways, and that GH levels may be involved in the feedback control of GHRH secretion. PMID- 3923019 TI - Aromatase inhibition by delta 1-testolactone does not relieve the gonadotropin induced late steroidogenic block in normal men. AB - Aromatase inhibition by delta 1-testolactone [(17 oxa-D-homo 1,4 androstanediene 3,17 dione) 500 mg twice daily for 10 days] in nine normal men lowered circulating estradiol (E2) levels by about 25%, enhanced the secretion of FSH, 17 hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP), and to a lesser degree testosterone (T), but did not affect serum LH levels. Despite E2 lowering there was greater accumulation of 17-OHP than of T after 7 days of treatment, suggesting 17,20-lyase inhibition. Unexpectedly, administration of delta 1-testolactone almost halved the T response to hCG (Pregnyl, 1500 IU), but did not affect the 17-OHP response. Thus, E2 lowering by testolactone aggravated the hCG-induced 17,20-lyase block present before testolactone administration. Although the present data might suggest that estrogens do not play a role in the genesis of the hCG-induced late steroidogenic block, the results suggest that testolactone per se, in addition to its reported antiestrogenic action, inhibits 17,20 lyase. PMID- 3923021 TI - Different responses of growth hormone secretion to guanfacine, bromocriptine, and thyrotropin-releasing hormone in acromegalic patients with pure growth hormone (GH)-containing and mixed GH/prolactin-containing pituitary adenomas. AB - There is great variability in the GH secretory responses to different stimuli in patients with acromegaly. In the present study, we compared the effects on GH secretion of two compounds (bromocriptine and TRH), which presumably act directly at the pituitary level, with the effect of the centrally acting alpha-adrenergic agonist guanfacine in 14 untreated acromegalic patients. These in vivo responses of GH release were correlated with the results of immunocytochemical studies of the pituitary adenomas. In nine patients with pure GH-containing adenomas, GH secretion was suppressed by bromocriptine by more than 50% in one patient, while TRH stimulated GH release by more than 100% in another patient. Guanfacine (2 mg, orally) did not elicit a change in circulating GH levels in any of these nine patients. In the group of five patients with mixed GH/PRL-containing adenomas, however, bromocriptine suppressed GH levels by more than 50% in all patients, and TRH stimulated GH release by more than 100% in four of them. Guanfacine stimulated GH secretion significantly in four of these five patients. Guanfacine inhibited GH secretion significantly in five other acromegalic patients who had been treated 5-10 yr previously by external pituitary irradiation. We conclude that in acromegaly, the presence of PRL within the GH-secreting pituitary adenoma makes GH secretion more sensitive to bromocriptine and TRH, while normal sensitivity to hypothalamus-mediated stimulation (alpha-adrenergic agonist) is retained to some extent. In contrast, pure GH-secreting tumors responded little or not at all to bromocriptine, TRH, or guanfacine. PMID- 3923022 TI - The influence of dieting on the menstrual cycle of healthy young women. AB - Nine normal young women of normal weight, aged 20-29 yr, who had regular menstrual cycles, dieted for 6 weeks (approximately 800-1000 kcal/day) and lost between 6 and 8 kg body wt. Half-hourly blood samples were taken from 1800-0530 h on two occasions before and after 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 weeks of dieting. In three women with anovulatory cycles the LH secretion pattern was not altered by dieting, but plasma estradiol levels decreased and reached menopausal concentrations during the final 2 weeks of dieting. In two of these three women the menstrual cycles were disrupted and regular cycles occurred only 3 and 6 months after dieting. Six women had regular ovulatory cycles. High progesterone values (greater than 3 ng/ml) were recorded in two cycles before the dieting period. While dieting, three women maintained ovulatory cycles and three women had no periovulatory hormone secretion pattern and/or a pattern characteristic of the luteal phase. No significant alterations of average LH concentrations and LH peak frequency developed. It is concluded that mild dieting does not suppress LH secretion in the manner found in anorexia nervosa or during total fasting. Dieting may interfere with gonadal steroid production, thus causing disturbances of the menstrual cycle. The effect described here may be responsible for the early onset of amenorrhea in patients with beginning anorexia nervosa. PMID- 3923023 TI - A gonadotropin and alpha-subunit suppression test for the assessment of the ectopic production of human chorionic gonadotropin and its subunits after the menopause. AB - One contraceptive tablet [(CP) containing 0.05 mg ethinyl estradiol and 0.5 mg norgestrel] was administered daily for 7 days to 38 hypergonadotropic postmenopausal women who had benign illness and to 34 similar women with cancer, in order to suppress the gonadotropins (LH and FSH) and their alpha-subunit secreted by the pituitary. LH, FSH, alpha-subunit, and hCG were measured using RIA in serum and urine extracts obtained before and on the seventh day of treatment. In the control group serum alpha-subunit fell to 53%, serum LH to 51%, serum FSH to 36%, urine alpha to 42%, urine hCG to 54%, urine LH to 53%, and urine FSH to 44% of their mean pretreatment values. Serum hCG was undetectable after treatment in all except 11 women in whom serum LH was not adequately suppressed. This fact and the significant positive linear correlation found between basal serum hCG and LH imply that serum hCG measured in postmenopausal women, with a RIA using the SB6 antiserum, is mainly cross-reacting LH. The suppression proved to be useful in the assessment of ectopic production of hCG and its alpha-subunit in the cancer group. Before treatment, 3 patients (8.8%) had elevated serum alpha-subunit levels, whereas after treatment 9 patients (26.5%) had elevated levels. For urine alpha-subunit 3 patients (8.8%) had elevated levels before and 13 (38.2%) after treatment. Six patients (17.7%) had elevated serum hCG levels before and 7 (20.6%) after treatment; however, for urine hCG, 3 patients (9%) had elevated levels before and 8 (24.2%) after treatment. Sephadex G-100 chromatography of urine extracts from two control women showed that the predominant form of free alpha-subunit secreted by the pituitary and excreted in the urine had lower apparent molecular weight after treatment with the CP. Chromatography of urine extracts from two cancer patients demonstrated that a small amount of beta-subunit of hCG produced ectopically by the tumor and excreted into the urine along with a core-type fragment of the hCG beta was masked in the basal urine by cross-reacting LH; these ectopic peptides were not suppressible and could be specifically measured only after elimination of the urine LH by treatment with the CP. We conclude that administration of contraceptive steroid to post-menopausal women with cancer, by suppressing pituitary gonadotropin secretion and thus minimizing their interference in the hCG RIAs, can be useful in the detection of ectopic production of the hCG and its subunits. PMID- 3923024 TI - Differentiation of male hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and constitutional delay of puberty by pulsatile administration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone. AB - It is not possible to differentiate reliably between male idiopathic hypothalamic hypogonadism (HH) and severe constitutional delay of puberty (CD) on the basis of a standard GnRH bolus test (GBT) or other known endocrine or clinical parameters. Therefore, we studied the response of 17 hypogonadal men, 8 with a diagnosis of HH (age, 15.5-41; bone age, 12.5-19 yr; testes, 1-4 ml) and 9 with CD (age, 14.5 20; bone age, 11-15 yr, testes, 2-10 ml) to pulsatile GnRH stimulation. Basal and peak LH and FSH levels after a single dose of GnRH greatly overlapped between the two groups. In each patient, a spontaneous nocturnal plasma profile of LH and FSH, sampled every 20 min, was followed by a pulsatile GnRH stimulation (5 micrograms iv every 90 min) via a portable minipump for 36 h. Before and after this pulsatile GnRH stimulation, a GBT (60 micrograms/m2 iv) was performed and plasma LH, FSH, testosterone, androstenedione, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate were measured. Pulse analysis revealed 0-5 spontaneous nocturnal LH peaks in the CD patients but only one in all of the HH patients. During the 36 h of pulsatile GnRH, mean LH and FSH levels were significantly higher (P less than 0.0001) than during the spontaneous nocturnal profile in all patients (except 1 from each group for LH). The GBT after pulsatile stimulation caused significantly higher (P less than 0.001) LH increments in CD than in HH patients, with no overlap between the two groups (range, 4.1-15.6 in CD vs. 0.8-2.4 mIU/ml in HH). Plasma testosterone rose significantly (P less than 0.01) during pulsatile GnRH from 67 to 155 ng/dl (median) in the CD men, but did not change in the HH group (21 to 22.5 ng/dl). Plasma androstenedione and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate did not rise in either group. We conclude that, in contrast to other parameters investigated so far, the LH increment in the second GBT after 36 h of pulsatile GnRH allows clear-cut differentiation between CD and HH. These results indicate significantly lower pituitary LH reserve in patients with permanent HH after short term priming of the pituitary by pulsatile GnRH administration. PMID- 3923025 TI - Plasma GH responses to GHRH and insulin-induced hypoglycemia in man. AB - Changes in plasma GH levels in response to an intravenous bolus injection of 200 micrograms GHRH-44 or 0.1 U/kg body weight regular insulin were examined in normal men who were pre-treated with 200 micrograms GHRH-44 or 0.1 U/kg body weight regular insulin 120 min in advance. The prior bolus injection of GHRH-44 inhibited the plasma GH response to the subsequent administration of GHRH-44 whereas the plasma GH response to the subsequent injection of insulin was not influenced by the prior administration of GHRH-44. The prior administration of insulin attenuated the plasma GH response to the subsequently given GHRH-44. These results suggest that desensitization of GHRH receptors in somatotrophs and/or somatostatin hypersecretion induced by increase in plasma GH levels following the prior GHRH-44 administration may be involved in the mechanism by which the prior GHRH-44 administration or insulin-induced hypoglycemia suppressed plasma GH responses to the following GHRH-44 administration. Sudden suppression of somatostatin secretion, which causes rebound of GH secretion, may occur in insulin-induced hypoglycemia. PMID- 3923026 TI - Prolactin secretion in acromegalic patients before and after selective adenomectomy. AB - PRL secretion before and after transsphenoidal adenomectomy was studied in 13 patients with acromegaly. Six patient had elevated basal serum PRL levels before surgery, while 7 patients had normal levels. In every patient, the basal serum GH level decreased to less than 5.0 ng/ml after surgery. In the group (group A) with high basal serum PRL levels (mean +/- SD, 41.3 +/- 5.8 ng/ml) before surgery, the PRL levels decreased significantly (P less than 0.0002) to less than 10.0 ng/ml (4.8 +/- 3.6 ng/ml) after the operation. However, in the group (group B) with normal levels (10.8 +/- 4.4 ng/ml) before surgery, PRL levels changed little (7.8 +/- 3.1 ng/ml) after the operation. In group A, the increment of PRL after TRH injection decreased or disappeared (P less than 0.02; 4.1 +/- 2.4 ng/ml) after surgery compared with that before surgery (39.2 +/- 25.9 ng/ml). On the other hand, in group B, the increment of PRL after TRH injection was nearly unchanged (17.1 +/- 7.0 ng/ml) after surgery compared with that before surgery (19.3 +/- 8.0 ng/ml). The results indicate that PRL is secreted from the pituitary adenoma in acromegalic patients with hyperprolactinemia, while PRL secretion from the normal part of the pituitary gland is decreased. PMID- 3923027 TI - Treatment of true precocious puberty with a potent luteinizing hormone-releasing factor agonist: effect on growth, sexual maturation, pelvic sonography, and the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. AB - We used the LHRH agonist D-Trp6-Pro6-N-ethylamide LHRH (LHRH-A) to treat 19 children (12 girls and 7 boys) with true precocious puberty. Fourteen patients had idiopathic true precocious puberty, 4 had a hamartoma of the tuber cinereum, and 1 had a hypothalamic astrocytoma. Basal gonadotropin secretion and responses to native LHRH decreased within 1 week of initiation LHRH-A therapy, and sex steroid secretion decreased within 2 weeks to or within the prepubertal range. Ultrasonographic evaluation of the uterus indicated a postmenarchal size and shape in all 11 girls studied before treatment, which reverted to prepubertal size and configuration in 5 girls during LHRH-A therapy. The enlarged ovaries decreased in size and the multiple ovarian follicular cysts regressed. Sexual characteristics ceased advancing or reverted toward the prepubertal state in all patients receiving therapy for 6-36 months. All 5 girls with menarche before therapy had no further menses. Three girls had hot flashes after LHRH-A-induced reduction of the plasma estradiol concentration. Height velocity, SDs above the mean height velocity for age, and SDs above the mean height for age decreased during LHRH-A therapy; the velocity of skeletal maturation decreased after 12 months of LHRH-A therapy and was sustained during continued therapy over 18-36 months. In 4 patients, a subnormal growth rate (less than 4.5 cm/yr) occurred during LHRH-A therapy. Six patients had cutaneous reactions of LHRH-A, but no demonstrable circulating antibodies to LHRH-A. In 2 patients in whom LHRH-A therapy was discontinued because of skin reactions, precocious sexual maturation resumed at the previous rate for the ensuing 6-12 months; subsequently, they were desensitized to LHRH-A, and during a second course of therapy, their secondary sexual development and sex steroid levels again quickly decreased. LHRH-A proved an effective and safe treatment for true precocious puberty in boys as well as girls with central precocious puberty whether of the idiopathic type or secondary to a hamartoma of the tuber cinereum or a hypothalamic neoplasm. PMID- 3923028 TI - Effects of salicylate, tolbutamide, and prostaglandin E2 on insulin responses to glucose in noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. AB - To assess whether the beneficial effects of salicylates compounds and sulfonylureas on insulin secretion in patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus could be ascribed to inhibition of prostaglandin E (PGE) synthesis, insulin responses to iv glucose pulses were determined in diabetic patients during infusion of lysine acetylsalicylate (LAS) or tolbutamide, with or without a concurrent infusion of PGE2. In these diabetic patients, the augmenting effects of LAS on glucose-induced insulin secretion were abolished by PGE2 infusion. Partial restoration by tolbutamide infusion of the first and second phases of glucose-induced insulin secretion was not affected by the administration of PGE2. The stimulatory effects of LAS and tolbutamide on insulin secretion were additive, suggesting separate mechanisms of action. Since salicylates and sulfonylureas lower plasma glucose concentrations, we also evaluated whether prevention of the fall in the prestimulus glucose level could result in a further amplification of insulin release. Resetting the prestimulus glucose level to control values by infusing glucose caused a further increase in the second, but not the first, phase of glucose-induced insulin secretion, indicating that the prestimulus glucose level had a role in regulating subsequent insulin release. These results indicate that salicylates, but not sulfonylureas, exert their acute insulinotropic effect in noninsulin-dependent diabetic patients by inhibiting endogenous PGE synthesis and support the idea that endogenous PGE may play a role in the impaired insulin response to glucose in this form of human diabetes. PMID- 3923029 TI - True hermaphroditism: from female to male endocrine status. AB - True hermaphroditism was revealed by monthly intrascrotal bleeding in a 21-yr-old subject of male phenotype who had undergone surgical treatment for gonadal ectopy at the age of 7 yr. The presence of an ovary was demonstrated by the endocrine profile of an ovulatory menstrual cycle. Evidence for the presence of a testis was provided by a plasma testosterone increase after hCG administration (5000 IU/day for 3 days) and its spontaneous response to an endogenous preovulatory LH peak. Further endocrine studies revealed that both gonads were stimulated by endogenous gonadotropins. At surgery, a hemiuterus and an ovary with corpus luteum were found in the left hemiscrotum, and a testis and epididymis were found in the right hemiscrotum. After removal of the ovary, the subject passed from a predominantly female to a male endocrine status, which suggests that the endocrine secretion of the testis was inhibited by the negative feedback effect of ovarian steroids on gonadotropin secretion. PMID- 3923031 TI - Nocturnal slowing of pulsatile luteinizing hormone secretion in women during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. AB - The gonadotropin secretion pattern in normal reproductive age women (n = 5) was evaluated for the presence of a circadian rhythm. The women volunteered for a series of 24-h admissions in different phases of their menstrual cycles (early follicular, late follicular, and midluteal). Plasma LH and FSH levels were determined by RIA in blood samples drawn through indwelling venous catheters at 20-min intervals throughout a normal 24-h sleep-wake cycle. The gonadotropin secretory pattern was subjected to cosine analysis for identifying rhythmicity. The LH interpulse interval fluctuated with a significant 24-h rhythm during the early follicular phase in four of the five women. The maximum interpulse intervals occurred during the early morning between 0100 and 0500 h (mean, 0250 h), with a corresponding increase in LH pulse amplitude occurring within the same time interval (mean, 0320 h). We found no consistent 24-h rhythms in overall mean plasma LH levels during any phase of the menstrual cycle, nor did we find a significant rhythmicity in either LH interpulse interval or LH pulse amplitude during the late follicular or luteal phase. These results demonstrate that the LH pulse-generating system is frequency modulated on a circadian basis during the early follicular phase of the human menstrual cycle. PMID- 3923030 TI - Association of melasma with thyroid autoimmunity and other thyroidal abnormalities and their relationship to the origin of the melasma. AB - Melasma is localized hyperpigmentation over the forehead, upper lips, cheeks, and chin. In this study, evidence suggesting an association between autoimmune thyroid disorders and melasma and the relationship of thyroid disorders to the origin of melasma is presented. A total of 108 nonpregnant women, aged 20-56 yr, were divided into 2 groups for the purpose of this study: 1) melasma, 84 patients; 2) control group, 24 patients from the Dermatology Clinic matched for age and sex. Microsomal thyroid autoantibodies (MCHA) were sought in all subjects. TRH-TSH tests were performed in patients with melasma and in those women with goiter and/or positive MCHA tests from the control group. Studies were completed with serum T4, T3, and antithyroglobulin antibody (TGHA) measurements in all patients with thyroid abnormalities. In patients with melasma, the frequency of thyroid disorders (58.3%) was 4 times greater than in the control group. The MCHA-negative patients had 1) simple goiter (13.1%), 2) Plummer's disease (2.4%), and 3) TSH hyperresponse to TRH in nongoitrous patients (10.7%). Patients with positive MCHA tests (32.1%) were divided into 2 subgroups. One comprised those women with an apparently normal thyroid gland and thyroid function (n = 7), while the other included all patients with goiter and/or subclinical hypothyroidism (n = 20). Regarding the origin of the melasma, it was found that 70% of women who developed melasma during pregnancy or while using oral contraceptives had thyroid abnormalities compared to 39.4% of patients with idiopathic melasma. Subjects from the control group had a 12.5% incidence of thyroid abnormalities, and only 8.3% had positive MCHA. Estrogen, progesterone, or both could be the triggering factor in the development of melasma in women who have a particular predisposition toward both melasma and thyroid autoimmunity. Patients with idiopathic melasma had a lower frequency of thyroid abnormalities, suggesting that there may be different genetic patterns linked to autoimmune thyroid disease. We conclude that there is a true association between thyroid autoimmunity and melasma, mostly in women whose melasma develops during pregnancy or after ingestion of oral contraceptive drugs. PMID- 3923032 TI - Disparity of thyrotropin (TSH) and prolactin responses to TSH-releasing hormone in obesity. AB - The effect of TRH administration on TSH and PRL release was investigated in 11 obese women and 16 normal weight women. There were no differences in basal serum levels of estradiol, T3, T4, TSH, or PRL between the 2 groups. The increment of TSH levels in the obese group [mean maximum change (delta max), 19.3 +/- 3.0 (+/ SEM) mIU/liter] was significantly higher (P less than 0.025) than that in the control group (delta max, 11.3 +/- 1.3 mIU/liter), whereas PRL levels rose significantly less (P less than 0.025) in these obese women than in the control group (delta max, 738 +/- 132 and 1311 +/- 133 mIU/liter, respectively). Since serotonin is known to stimulate PRL and inhibit TSH release, deficiency of serotonin has been hypothesized as the cause of this disparity between TSH and PRL levels in obesity. PMID- 3923033 TI - Identification of neuropsychological deficits in epilepsy using the Luria Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery: a replication attempt. AB - Using the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery (LNNB), Berg and Golden (1981) assessed 40 patients with epilepsy and reported a hit rate of 77.3% for idiopathic epilepsy and 88.9% for symptomatic epilepsy (82.5% overall). The purpose of this investigation was to attempt to replicate their important findings. A consecutive series of 31 patients with epilepsy was administered the LNNB and we obtained a hit rate of 47% for idiopathic epilepsy and 30% for symptomatic epilepsy (41% overall). Four possible methodological reasons for these disparate findings were offered. PMID- 3923034 TI - Simplified procedure for producing Bacillus subtilis spores for the Guthrie phenylketonuria and other microbiological screening tests. AB - Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6051 and ATCC 6633 spores used in bacterial inhibition screening assays for genetic metabolism defects in newborn infants were produced by using liquid synthetic replacement sporulation media. These media allowed a high degree of sporulation, as judged by direct cell counts. Sporulation took place within 23 to 27 h with these media. Also, a more rational procedure for selecting the most sensitive clones of these organisms to the various inhibitors used in the microbiological screening assays is presented. PMID- 3923035 TI - Leu-3+ lymphocytes account for increased CSF cellularity. AB - Inflammatory conditions of the central nervous system (CNS) are often marked by an increase in lymphocyte number in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). In order to determine if changes in CSF cell numbers can alter T-lymphocyte subset composition in CSF or in blood, cell surface markers were evaluated in 25 CSF and paired blood samples from a variety of neurologically affected patients. T-cell subset levels in peripheral blood did not reflect subset levels in paired CSF samples. However, CSF samples with elevated cell numbers (greater than 3 cells/mm3) had significantly increased levels of Leu-3+ T-cells (P less than 0.001), but not Leu-2+ T-cells relative to CSF samples with low cell counts. These data suggest a selective increase in the Leu-3+ T-lymphocyte subset in CSFs with increased cellularity in patients with acute neurologic signs. PMID- 3923036 TI - Intraoperative autologous transfusion in children undergoing spinal surgery. AB - An intraoperative autologous transfusion program was used in conjunction with preoperative phlebotomy in 25 children undergoing elective spinal surgery. Operative red blood cells, 10,000 ml, with an average hematocrit of 55%, as well as 7,300 ml of preoperative phlebotomy blood were returned to the patients. No complications were noted. The complete blood count on discharge was satisfactory, and the clotting parameters were unchanged. The results of this study show that intraoperative autologous transfusion with preoperative phlebotomy is safe, easy to perform, and cost-effective in children undergoing elective spinal surgery. The risks of homologous blood transfusions were eliminated. PMID- 3923037 TI - Congenital pseudarthrosis of the radius. PMID- 3923038 TI - Gamma interferon is spontaneously released by alveolar macrophages and lung T lymphocytes in patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis. AB - Gamma interferon (IFN gamma) is a potent immune mediator that plays a central role in enhancing cellular immune processes. This study demonstrates that while lung mononuclear cells from normal individuals spontaneously release little or no interferon (less than 10 U/10(6) cells per 24 h), those from patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis spontaneously release considerable amounts (65 +/- 20 U/10(6) cells per 24 h, P less than 0.02 compared to normals). Furthermore, cells from patients with active disease release far more interferon than those from patients with inactive disease (101 +/- 36 compared to 24 +/- 8 U/10(6) cells per 24 h, P less than 0.02). Characterization of this interferon using acid sensitivity, specific antibody inhibition, and target cell specificity criteria demonstrated that it was almost entirely IFN gamma. This spontaneous release of IFN gamma appeared to be compartmentalized to the lung of these patients in that their blood mononuclear cells spontaneously released little or no IFN gamma (P less than 0.02, compared to sarcoidosis lung mononuclear cells) and no IFN gamma was detected in their serum. Both lung T lymphocytes and alveolar macrophages contributed to the spontaneous release of IFN gamma by lung mononuclear cells from sarcoid patients; purified preparations of T lymphocytes and alveolar macrophages from these patients spontaneously released similar amounts of IFN gamma (56 +/- 21 and 32 +/- 11 U/10(6) cells per 24 h, respectively, P greater than 0.3). At least one role for IFN gamma in the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis appeared to be related to activation of alveolar macrophages, as alveolar macrophages recovered from patients with active disease spontaneously killed [3H]uridine-labeled tumor cell targets (17.7 +/- 4.5% cytotoxicity compared with 2.8 +/- 0.9% in normals, P less than 0.02) and purified IFN gamma enhanced the ability of alveolar macrophages from sarcoidosis patients with inactive disease to kill similar targets (P less than 0.001, compared to alveolar macrophages cultured in medium alone). Treatment of sarcoid patients with corticosteroids, a therapy known to suppress the activity of the disease, caused a marked reduction in the level of spontaneous IFN gamma release by lung mononuclear cells compared with untreated patients (P less than 0.02), which suggests that the effectiveness of corticosteroid therapy in controlling active pulmonary sarcoidosis may, at least in part, be due to suppression of IFN gamma release. PMID- 3923039 TI - Suppression of normal human erythropoiesis by gamma interferon in vitro. Role of monocytes and T lymphocytes. AB - Interferons (IFN) have been shown to suppress the proliferation of human erythroid progenitors (erythroid burst-forming units [BFU-E] and colony-forming units [CFU-E]) in vitro. To examine the mechanism(s) underlying this inhibitory activity, the effect of different doses (50-10,000 U) of a highly purified preparation of recombinant DNA produced human gamma-IFN on erythroid colony formation by normal human bone marrow BFU-E and CFU-E in the presence and absence of monocytes and/or T lymphocytes was studied. The addition of gamma-IFN to whole marrow caused suppression of BFU-E (6-65%) and CFU-E (31-79%) in a dose-dependent fashion. This inhibition occurred both with the direct addition of gamma-IFN to the culture plates as well as by the preincubation of marrow cells with gamma-IFN followed by the washing of the cells; at the highest concentration of gamma-IFN (10,000 U), near-maximal inhibition of colony formation occurred with as little as 15 min of preexposure (BFU-E, 50%; CFU-E, 81%). Removal of monocytes and/or T lymphocytes before the addition of gamma-IFN significantly reduced the inhibitory effects of this lymphokine (BFU-E, -1 to 38%; CFU-E, -8 to 67%). Co-culture of purified autologous monocytes or T cells preexposed to gamma-IFN with monocyte and T cell-depleted marrow cells resulted in highly significant inhibition of erythroid colony formation even when these treated cells comprised less than 1% of the total nucleated cell populations in culture. The inhibitory action of gamma-IFN was not prevented or reversed by erythropoietin. These results demonstrate that the inhibitory effects of gamma-IFN on erythropoiesis are mediated to a significant degree through accessory cell populations, and suggest that gamma-IFN may represent a useful tool in the study of the role of immunocompetent cells in the regulation of erythropoiesis in vitro. PMID- 3923040 TI - Nifedipine increases cholesteryl ester hydrolytic activity in lipid-laden rabbit arterial smooth muscle cells. A possible mechanism for its antiatherogenic effect. AB - Calcium and cholesterol (CHOL) accumulation are characteristic features of human atherosclerotic plaques. Calcium channel blockers have been shown to increase calcium levels in myocardial cells and suppress free and esterified CHOL deposition in arteries of CHOL-fed animals. To test the hypothesis that Nifedipine alters CHOL metabolism, thereby decreasing free and esterified CHOL accumulation in smooth muscle cells (SMC), we cultured arterial SMC from rabbits fed a normal or egg-supplemented diet for 6 mo. Cultured cells were treated with 0.1 mg/liter Nifedipine every 3 d during a 1-wk experiment. Although Nifedipine significantly increased lysosomal and cytoplasmic cholesteryl ester (CE) hydrolase activity in normal SMC via increased levels of intracellular cyclic AMP, no change in total CHOL content was observed after 1 wk of Nifedipine treatment. Contrary to these observations, lipid-laden SMC demonstrated a significant 50% loss in CHOL and CE after treatment with Nifedipine, due in part to the observed increase in CE hydrolytic activities. These data support our hypothesis that Nifedipine decreases CHOL and CE accumulation in arterial SMC by increasing arterial CE hydrolysis. PMID- 3923041 TI - Effects of platelet-modifying drugs on arterial thromboembolism in baboons. Aspirin potentiates the antithrombotic actions of dipyridamole and sulfinpyrazone by mechanism(s) independent of platelet cyclooxygenase inhibition. AB - To resolve questions of drug actions, efficacy, and interactions for platelet modifying agents used clinically, we have compared the relative capacities and mechanisms of aspirin, dipyridamole, sulfinpyrazone, and dazoxiben to prevent arterial thromboembolism in a baboon model. In 136 studies the agents were given twice daily by oral administration both singly and in combination. The antithrombotic efficacy of a given therapy was determined by its capacity to interrupt steady-state platelet utilization induced by thrombogenic arteriovenous cannulae. When given alone, dipyridamole and sulfinpyrazone reduced the rate at which platelets were utilized by thrombus formation in a dose-dependent manner with essentially complete interruption by dipyridamole at 10 mg/kg per d. In contrast, neither aspirin (2-100 mg/kg per d) nor dazoxiben (20-100 mg/kg per d) decreased cannula platelet consumption detectably despite the striking reduction in the capacity of platelets to produce thromboxane B2. However, aspirin, but not dazoxiben, potentiated the antithrombotic effects of dipyridamole and sulfinpyrazone in a dose-dependent fashion without changing the pharmacokinetics for any of the agents. Complete potentiation required aspirin at 20 mg/kg per d to be given with each dose of dipyridamole. Because dazoxiben's blockade of platelet thromboxane A2 production was not associated with antithrombotic potentiation, and because complete potentiation by aspirin required a dose that fully inhibited vascular production of prostaglandin I2 (PGI2), we conclude that aspirin's potentiating effect on dipyridamole is independent of PGI2 production or inhibition of thromboxane A2 formation. In addition, because frequent repeated and synchronous dosing of aspirin was necessary, aspirin's potentiating effects appear to be produced by mechanism(s) unrelated to its potent, irreversible inhibition of platelet cyclooxygenase. PMID- 3923043 TI - Cost-benefit analysis of clinical pharmacy services in three Iowa family practice offices. PMID- 3923044 TI - Growth of microorganisms in total parenteral nutrition mixtures and related clinical observations. AB - The effect of lipid addition to TPN (Total Parenteral Nutrition) solutions on microbial growth was investigated. Staphylococcus epidermidis, which failed to grow or grew poorly in the absence of lipid, reached greater than 10(4) cfu/ml (colony forming units per ml), from an initial inoculum of approximately 50 cfu/ml after 24 h when lipid was added. Candida albicans grew more slowly in the presence of lipid, but nevertheless reached 10(4) cfu/ml after 40 h incubation. Klebsiella aerogenes grew readily in all solutions, whereas Escherichia coli failed to grow in any solution. Growth of S. epidermidis and K. aerogenes was improved when the inoculum consisted of starved cells; however, growth of starved cells of C. albicans lagged behind that of unstarved cells. The ability of S. epidermidis to grow in lipid-containing TPN mixtures is particularly important, since this organism is frequently associated with sepsis. In an infant surgical unit, where TPN is under the care of a nutrition team, samples of TPN fluids and giving sets were examined for microbiological contamination at the end of the 24 h administration period. Contamination was found in eight of the 98 systems examined from eight patients. The organisms were identified as coagulase-negative staphylococci and diphtheroids. PMID- 3923042 TI - Mechanism of action of gemfibrozil on lipoprotein metabolism. AB - Gemfibrozil is a potent lipid regulating drug whose major effects are to increase plasma high density lipoproteins (HDL) and to decrease plasma triglycerides (TG) in a wide variety of primary and secondary dyslipoproteinemias. Its mechanism of action is not clear. Six patients with primary familial endogenous hypertriglyceridemia with fasting chylomicronemia (type V lipoprotein phenotype) with concurrent subnormal HDL cholesterol levels (HDL deficiency) were treated initially by diet and once stabilized, were given gemfibrozil (1,200 mg/d). Each patient was admitted to the Clinical Research Center with metabolic kitchen facilities, for investigation of HDL and TG metabolism immediately before and after 8 wk of gemfibrozil treatment. Gemfibrozil significantly increased plasma HDL cholesterol, apolipoprotein (apo) AI, and apo AII by 36%, 29%, and 38% from base line, respectively. Plasma TG decreased by 54%. Kinetics of apo AI and apo AII metabolism were assessed by analysis of the specific radioactivity decay curves after injection of autologous HDL labeled with 125I. Gemfibrozil increased synthetic rates of apo AI and apo AII by 27% and 34%, respectively, without changing the fractional catabolic rates. Stimulation of apo AI and apo AII synthesis by gemfibrozil was associated with the appearance in plasma of smaller (and heavier) HDL particles as assessed by gradient gel electrophoresis and HDL composition. Postheparin extra-hepatic lipoprotein lipase activity increased significantly by 25% after gemfibrozil, and was associated with the appearance in plasma of smaller very low density lipoprotein particles whose apo CIII:CII ratio was decreased. These data suggest that gemfibrozil increases plasma HDL levels by stimulating their synthesis. Increased transport (turnover) of HDL induced by gemfibrozil may be significant in increasing tissue cholesterol removal in these patients. PMID- 3923045 TI - Fetal echocardiography: a pediatric cardiologist's perspective. PMID- 3923046 TI - The prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart disease--a practical approach for the fetal sonographer. AB - With the widespread use of diagnostic ultrasound to evaluate the human fetus, it is now possible to diagnose a number of anomalies of varying organ systems. Although most anomalies of the central nervous, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and skeletal systems are recognizable at birth, serious ones involving the cardiovascular system are often silent until the neonate demonstrates signs of cardiovascular compromise. Because an ever increasing number of fetuses are routinely scanned during pregnancy, it becomes imperative to incorporate a simple, logical approach to screen for cardiovascular disease during each fetal examination. The approach outlined in this paper would suggest that one method is the routine examination of the four-chamber view. Although there are a number of fetal and maternal risk factors which predispose to congenital heart disease, we have diagnosed a number of anomalies simply on the basis of the "screening" four chamber examination in the "low-risk" fetus. For this reason, an attempt to examine the four-chamber view of the fetal heart should be done during each routine fetal examination. If an abnormality is noted, then a Level II, or consultative echocardiographic examination should be carried out. If a fetus at risk for congenital heart disease is being examined, a complete examination of the cardiovascular system (Levels I and II) should be performed. If the above approaches are integrated into obstetrical scanning, in the not too distant future it will be commonplace to diagnose cardiovascular anomalies prior to birth and thus provide the best care during the transition from the intrauterine to the extrauterine environment for the potentially cardiovascularly compromised neonate. The experience gained in our laboratory during the past 5 years strongly suggests that what is "today's research will become tomorrow's clinical tool." PMID- 3923047 TI - Pulsed Doppler fetal echocardiography. AB - Pulsed Doppler echocardiography (PDE) has proven value in the examination of the infant or child with known or suspected congenital heart disease. In order to assess how PDE might be useful in the evaluation of the infant in utero, we reviewed our experience with this technique used in combination with both cross sectional and M-mode echocardiography. Where previous examinations had suggested some abnormality or where there was a risk factor for congenital heart disease, we performed PDE examinations on the cardiovascular system of 36 infants in utero ranging in gestational age from 20-39 weeks (mean 32 weeks). PDE of the fetal heart was found to be valuable in three areas: (1) quantitation of hemodynamics, (2) characterization of cardiac rhythm, and (3) identification of certain congenital cardiovascular structural anomalies. PMID- 3923048 TI - Recognition of fetal arrhythmias by echocardiography. AB - Fetal arrhythmias were detected in 33/198 high risk pregnancies from 21 weeks to term. Using the two-dimensional echocardiographic image of the fetal heart as a guide, the M-mode beam was directed to define the motion of the ventricular and atrial walls and atrioventricular valve or semilunar valves. Atrial contraction was defined either by the atrial wall motion or from the A-point of the atrioventricular valve. Ventricular contraction was defined by closure of the atrioventricular valve (C-point), the onset of ventricular wall contraction, or from the semilunar valve opening. Ladder diagrams of the sequence of atrial and ventricular activation were constructed to define the temporal sequence of these events. Premature atrial contractions were present in 12. In one fetus this arrhythmia converted into supraventricular tachycardia while in the other 11 fetuses the course was benign. Two fetuses had premature ventricular contractions. Supraventricular tachycardia was noted in five fetuses. One with hydrops at 29 weeks returned to sinus rhythm following maternal administration of procainamide. A second hydropic fetus with paroxysmal atrial tachycardia and hydrops failed to respond to digitalis, propranolol, procainamide, verapamil, or amiodarone, and died shortly after cesarean section. Two mature fetuses had tachycardia close to term and were treated after cesarean section. One fetus with runs of atrial tachycardia died in utero. Three fetuses had complete heart block, two of whom were from mothers with connective tissue diseases. In four fetuses, there was bradycardia of less than 100/minute lasting more than 30 seconds, but these episodes disappeared in 2 minutes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3923049 TI - Treatment of fetal supraventricular tachyarrhythmias. AB - Supraventricular tachyarrhythmia has been encountered in 18 fetuses at the Yale New Haven Medical Center during the past 4 years. Fourteen of these fetuses had supraventricular tachycardia and underwent in utero antiarrhythmic therapy with maternally administered digoxin either alone, or on combination with verapamil, propranolol, or procainamide. Thirteen of the 14 fetuses had successful in utero conversion of cardiac rhythm to normal sinus rhythm. The 14th patient underwent successful therapy after birth. All 14 fetuses survived despite severe fetal hydrops at the time of diagnosis in 13 of 14. The four remaining fetuses had either atrial flutter (3) or fibrillation. Two of the fetuses with atrial flutter died at birth, the 3rd survived after electrical cardioversion at birth. The fetus with atrial fibrillation converted to normal sinus rhythm and survived after maternal administration of digoxin. Using M-mode and pulsed Doppler echocardiography, the nature and electrophysiologic mechanism of the arrhythmia may be deduced. The latter information is reviewed along with the fetomaternal pharmacology of various antiarrhythmic agents to devise a rational antiarrhythmic treatment program. PMID- 3923051 TI - Sonography of a large mediastinal teratoma with CT correlation. PMID- 3923050 TI - The utility of ultrasound in the diagnosis of wandering abdominal viscera. PMID- 3923052 TI - Obstructed duplex kidney in an adult: ultrasonic evaluation. PMID- 3923053 TI - Prenatal ultrasonic diagnosis of short-rib polydactyly syndrome (SRPS) type III: a case report and a proposed approach to the diagnosis of SRPS and related conditions. PMID- 3923054 TI - Argyrosis of the urinary tract. PMID- 3923055 TI - Sonography of intraluminal gallbladder hematoma. PMID- 3923056 TI - Training in ultrasound in the United Kingdom. PMID- 3923057 TI - The swan-shaped gallbladder. PMID- 3923058 TI - Evaluation of Bactigen latex agglutination and Phadebact coagglutination for detection of bacterial antigens in cerebrospinal fluid. AB - The Bactigen latex agglutination and Phadebact coagglutination tests were evaluated for their ability to detect bacterial antigens of Haemophilus influenzae type b, Streptococcus pneumoniae (83 serotypes) and Neisseria meningitidis groups A, B, C, and Y in 214 samples of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Bactigen latex agglutination was more sensitive than Phadebact coagglutination: it detected 87% (59/68) of culture positive CSF specimens, whereas Phadebact detected 72% (52/72). Bactigen detected all cases of meningitis caused by S pneumoniae and H influenzae. Of the 19 specimens that were positive for N meningitidis, 74% were detected by Phadebact and only 53% by Bactigen. Gram stain results were positive for 85% of all specimens positive on culture. Bactigen was slightly more specific (97%) than Phadebact (96%). Bactigen, however, showed less specificity (81%) than Phadebact (94%) on 31 CSF specimens that were culture positive for organisms other than the test organisms. These included two CSF specimens from patients with tuberculous meningitis which gave false positive results for S pneumoniae with the Bactigen reagents. No false positive results were obtained on 104 culture negative CSF samples. Bactigen latex agglutination was superior to Phadebact coagglutination and Gram stain for the detection of S pneumoniae and H influenzae in CSF specimens from patients with bacteriologically proved meningitis. PMID- 3923060 TI - Treatment-resistant catatonic stupor and combined lithium-neuroleptic therapy: a case report. AB - A case of treatment-resistant catatonic stupor responding to combined lithium neuroleptic medications is described. As there are no reports in the literature of combined lithium-neuroleptic medications being effective for this potentially life-threatening disorder, the course of recovery is detailed and the risks and complications are noted. PMID- 3923059 TI - Proficiency testing in immunohaematology in Ontario, Canada, and in the United Kingdom: a comparative study. AB - A comparative study of proficiency testing models in immunohaematology has been carried out between the United Kingdom National External Quality Assessment Scheme and the Laboratory Proficiency Testing Program of the Ontario Medical Association, using material supplied by both programmes to laboratories in the United Kingdom and Ontario. The results suggest that the general standard of performance in immunohaematology practice is similar in the two jurisdictions and that, where clear differences are seen, these reflect differences in technique or in educational emphasis. PMID- 3923061 TI - Afferent connections of Gudden's tegmental nuclei in the rabbit. AB - The regions projecting to Gudden's tegmental nuclei were examined by retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase or wheat-germ-agglutinin-conjugated horseradish peroxidase. Gudden's tegmental nuclei in the rabbit can be divided into a pars principalis of the ventral tegmental nucleus (TVP), a pars ventralis of the dorsal tegmental nucleus (TDV), and a pars dorsalis of the dorsal tegmental nucleus (TDD). The TVP receives many fibers from the medial division of the ipsilateral medial mammillary nucleus and bilaterally from the lateral habenular nucleus, and additionally some fibers from the posterior nucleus of the interpeduncular complex. The TDV receives many fibers from the ipsilateral lateral mammillary nucleus, from the ipsilateral prepositus hypoglossi nucleus, bilaterally from the lateral habenular nucleus, from the central and paramedian nuclei of the interpeduncular complex, from the bilateral gray matter along the floor of the fourth ventricle, and from the contralateral supragenual nucleus. The TDD receives a projection from the lateral habenular nucleus of both sides and from the central and paramedian nuclei of the interpeduncular complex, and a minor projection from the ipsilateral lateral mammillary nucleus, the posterior nucleus of the interpeduncular complex, the prepositus hypoglossi nucleus, and the contralateral supragenual nucleus. PMID- 3923062 TI - Neonatal 6-hydroxydopamine destroys spinal cord noradrenergic axons from the locus coeruleus, but not those from lateral tegmental cell groups. AB - Subcutaneous injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) in neonatal rats results in sprouting of collateral axons in locus coeruleus (LC) and lateral tegmental noradrenergic neurons. It has been suggested that this sprouting represents maintenance of neuronal membrane area following "pruning" of axon terminals of long projections to cortex and cord. The chemical or surgical lesions of long axons used to produce "pruning" could also result in the loss of some parent cell bodies. We tested the hypothesis that long axon damage, rather than cell loss, is sufficient to produce collateral sprouting of proximal axons in noradrenergic neurons. With neonatal injections of 6-OHDA at doses which do not produce a loss of LC neurons, there is an 85% decrease in retrograde LC labeling following horseradish peroxidase or true blue injections into the spinal cord but no significant change in the numbers of retrogradely labeled neurons in other noradrenergic cell groups which also sprout collaterals. There is no change in the number of labeled LC neurons following cerebellar injections. In experiments using the fluorescent dyes diamidino yellow and true blue, the number and distribution of LC neurons labeled from spinal cord and cerebellum injections are similar to those in the horseradish peroxidase experiments. Doubly labeled neurons are found in the caudal two-thirds of LC in control rats, but as expected, rarely observed in 6-OHDA-treated animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3923063 TI - Round-tables: a tool for change. PMID- 3923064 TI - Advancing the science of nursing: a research-based conference for staff nurses. PMID- 3923065 TI - Strengthening the instructional role in self-directed learning activities. PMID- 3923066 TI - Effectiveness of self-instructional packages in staff development activities. PMID- 3923067 TI - Continuing professional education and behavioral change: a model for research and evaluation. PMID- 3923068 TI - The role of the professional association in continuing education in nursing. PMID- 3923069 TI - An interdisciplinary continuing education activity for health professionals. PMID- 3923070 TI - Living history series. Dorothy Blume, RN, MSN. Interview by Pat Yoder Wise. PMID- 3923071 TI - Forestomach and whole tract digestibility for lactating dairy cows as influenced by feeding frequency. AB - Three lactating Holstein cows, averaging 510 kg and fitted with T-type duodenal cannulae in the proximal duodenum, were in a 3 X 3 Latin-square experiment to measure digestion in forestomachs and whole tract of feed nitrogen and neutral detergent fiber components as influenced by frequency of feeding. Cows were fed one diet containing 65% chopped grass legume hay, 26% cracked corn, and 8% soybean meal. Mixed ration was fed either once daily, four times daily, or the concentrate portion of the diet was fed once daily and the forage portion four times. Ytterbium, as ytterbium chloride, was included with diets to allow calculation of flow rates of duodenal and fecal dry matter. Assayed ratios of nitrogen to diaminopimelic acid in ruminal bacteria and duodenal digesta or fecal bacteria and feces were used to calculate duodenal and fecal bacterial nitrogen flows respectively. Ratios of nitrogen to diaminopimelic acid in ruminal and fecal bacteria averaged 4.15 and 2.38 g/mmol. Apparent digestibility of organic matter in the forestomachs and whole tract averaged 43.7 and 66.4%. Forestomach and whole tract digestibility of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin averaged 56.1, 52.0, 14.7, and 58.7, 58.5, and 16.8. Bacterial nitrogen flows averaged 255 and 91 g/day at the duodenum and in the feces. Bacterial nitrogen yield in the rumen averaged 36.6 g/kg organic matter apparently digested in the forestomachs. Frequency of feeding had no effect on almost all measures and components of rumen and whole tract metabolism and digestion. For these intakes, frequency of feeding had little effect on feed intake and nutrient utilization. PMID- 3923072 TI - Effects of sampling site on passage rate estimates in heifers fed alfalfa hay or a high concentrate diet. AB - Rate of passage from the rumen was estimated from samples from the rumen, duodenum, ileum, and rectum after four crossbred heifers were dosed with cobalt ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and ytterbium-labeled alfalfa or corn grain as digesta markers. Diets consisted of chopped alfalfa hay or an 80% concentrate mixture fed twice daily at 2.0% of body weight (dry matter per day) in two trials. Rates of particulate passage were calculated by two mathematical models, and influence of site of sampling on rate of ruminal passage was appraised. Rate of fluid passage calculated from ruminal samples was more rapid than rates from samples at the duodenum, ileum, and rectum for both the alfalfa diet (10.6 versus 6.3, 5.6, and 5.6% X h-1) and the 80% concentrate diet (10.3 versus 6.8, 7.2, and 6.1% X h-1). With the alfalfa diet, rates of fluid passage estimated from ruminal and rectal samples were correlated .98 despite the marked disparity of means. Rates of passage of particulates estimated from samples from the duodenum, ileum, and rectum were not correlated. Estimates of rate of digesta passage from the rumen differed with postruminal site of sampling. PMID- 3923073 TI - Intraoral comparison of calcium hydroxide (Calnex) alone and in combination with Ledermix in first permanent mandibular molars using two direct inspection criteria. PMID- 3923074 TI - Economic specification of cost estimates in dental programs. AB - This paper compares two approaches to the estimation of costs in dental care programs: a conventional approach and an approach based on theoretical expectations. The conventional approach typically uses a linear extrapolation of an average figure - e.g., cost per visit - over various program sizes and thus predicts constant costs. Constant costs are, however, theoretically implausible, and it should be anticipated that their use in program planning or analysis would generate biased estimates. This hypothesis is examined using annual costs and visits from a group of uniform clinics over a five-year period. Results show that costs calculated by the conventional method are underestimated at low volumes and increasingly over-estimated at higher volumes. The findings, which illustrate how in-efficiency can inadvertently be incorporated into program design, have implications for cost-effectiveness of dental care delivery in the public sector. PMID- 3923075 TI - Fatal anaphylactic reaction to oral penicillin: report of case. AB - A report of a fatal anaphylactic reaction to oral penicillin is presented and the unusual set of circumstances leading to its fatal outcome is reviewed. The initial signs and symptoms are analyzed and the use of the proper and immediate treatment is advised. PMID- 3923076 TI - Regional coronary hemodynamic responses during the cold pressor test: lack of effect of nitroglycerin. AB - The effects of large coronary vessel dilation on responses to immersion of a hand and forearm in ice water for 1 minute (that is, the cold pressor test) were calculated for 17 patients. Regional coronary blood flow and aortic and left ventricular pressures were continuously measured before and during two cold pressor tests, each performed before and after administration of sublingual (0.4 mg) or low dose intracoronary (0.01 mg) nitroglycerin. During the initial cold pressor test, heart rate and coronary pressures increased in all patients; total and regional coronary resistance usually increased in patients with severe coronary artery disease and usually decreased in patients with a normal coronary angiogram. Sublingual nitroglycerin induced important systemic effects, but intracoronary nitroglycerin did not; both induced dilation of coronary arteries viewed angiographically. Regardless of the route of nitroglycerin administration, coronary hemodynamic responses were directionally similar during the repeat cold pressor test compared with the initial one. These data support the concept that changes in tone of the large coronary arteries are not important in producing the cardiac responses observed during the cold pressor test. PMID- 3923078 TI - Modification of the electrophysiologic matrix by antiarrhythmic drugs. AB - Evidence from many experiments and observations suggests that the likelihood of ventricular fibrillation is increased in some proportion to the magnitude of local differences in the electrophysiologic state of the ventricular myocardium. Many local anesthetic antiarrhythmic drugs have differing affinities for resting, open and inactivated fast channels. In ischemic or otherwise damaged hearts, local differences in resting potential, action potential upstroke and action potential duration will result in differing degrees of block of fast channels by local anesthetic antiarrhythmic drugs. Such drugs can be expected to add to the preexisting local inhomogeneities of electrophysiologic state and thereby increase the likelihood of fibrillation. PMID- 3923077 TI - Comparison of left and right ventricular end-systolic pressure-volume relations in congestive heart failure. AB - A hemodynamic-radionuclide study was performed to compare the relations between end-systolic pressure and volume in the left and right ventricles in 10 patients with biventricular failure, and to correlate the end-systolic pressure-volume slope with baseline variables of systolic function. During nitroprusside or nitroglycerin infusion, or a combination of both, linear relations were found between end-systolic pressure and volume for both ventricles. In 9 of 10 patients, the end-systolic pressure-volume slope was greater for the left ventricle (mean +/- SD 1.12 +/- 0.36 mm Hg X m2/ml) than for the right ventricle (0.46 +/- 0.27 mm Hg X m2/ml) (p less than 0.001). In all 10 patients, the volume axis intercept of the pressure-volume relation was greater for the left ventricle (82 +/- 66 ml/m2) than for the right ventricle (2 +/- 30 ml/m2) (p less than 0.005). Right ventricular pressure-volume slope correlated weakly with baseline right ventricular ejection fraction (r = 0.69, p less than 0.05), strongly with the baseline right ventricular end-systolic pressure-volume ratio (r = 0.89) and inversely with baseline right ventricular end-systolic volume (r = -0.86). In conclusion, 1) in patients with severe biventricular failure, changes in systolic pressure influence end-systolic volume more strongly in the right than in the left ventricle. 2) For the right ventricle, the slope of the end-systolic pressure-volume relation is directly related to rest indexes of systolic function. 3) The greater the end-systolic volume at rest, the greater the predicted improvement in right ventricular emptying for any vasodilator-induced reduction in pulmonary artery end-systolic pressure. PMID- 3923079 TI - Regulation of cardiac vulnerability by the cerebral defense system. AB - Psychosocial stressors are risk factors for sudden cardiac death. A theoretical model of the brain mechanism that links defined environmental events (stressors) to cardiac vulnerability (initiation of ventricular fibrillation) has been developed. In the model, a stressor event evokes a set of electrochemical responses in the frontal cortex. Depending on the state of acquisition of these electrochemical responses to the stressor, activity will or will not be initiated in the frontocortical-brainstem pathway. Activity in this pathway, either alone or in combination with myocardial ischemia, triggers a state of increased vulnerability of the heart to the initiation of ventricular fibrillation. Three independent interventions have been shown to prevent the initiation of ventricular fibrillation after acute coronary artery occlusion in the psychologically stressed pig: 1) learned behavioral adaptation to the stressor, 2) cryogenic blockade of the frontocortical-brainstem pathway, and 3) intracerebral (but not intravenous) injection of a beta-receptor blocking agent (levo-propranolol). PMID- 3923080 TI - Dietetics and enteral nutrition: past, present, and future. PMID- 3923081 TI - Enteral nutrition support in head and neck cancer: tube vs. oral feeding during radiation therapy. AB - This comparison of tube feeding with oral nutrition was made in patients with advanced head and neck cancer during intensive outpatient radiation therapy. Twenty-six patients with Stage III and IV head and neck cancers were stratified by site (nasopharynx vs. all other tumors, including recurrent nasopharynx) and randomized to receive oral or tube feeding during radiation therapy. All patients were counseled to have an intake of 40 kcal/kg and 1 gm protein per kilogram body weight. Body weights and dietary recalls were obtained weekly, along with evaluation of toxicities to therapy. Serum albumins were obtained at baseline, week 4, end of radiation therapy, and 1 month after radiation therapy. Patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma presented with significantly less body weight loss (means = -2.6%) than patients with all other carcinomas (means = -9.8%; p = .008). No differences in toxic responses were observed despite larger radiation field size in the tube-fed group (p = .02). Serum albumins in both groups dropped during radiation therapy, with no difference between groups. The tube-fed group maintained higher caloric and protein intakes (35 to 42 kcal/kg, 1.2 to 1.6 gm protein per kilogram) than the oral-fed group (15 to 34 kcal/kg, 0.3 to 1.3 gm protein per kilogram). No differences in body weights were observed between the tube-fed (means = 3.8%) and the oral-fed (means = 3.3%) patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Patients with oropharyngeal and recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma had significantly less weight loss with tube feeding (means = 0.2%) than with oral feeding (means = -7.3%; p = .005); thus, tube feeding is recommended during radiation therapy in such patients. PMID- 3923082 TI - Enhancing enteral nutrition delivery: development of an enteral preparation facility. AB - As a result of prospective reimbursement, departments of clinical dietetics must define and maintain the nutrition services offered in the most cost-effective manner. The processing, preparation, and provision of quality enteral hyperalimentation to patients provide an example of a nutrition service in which cost-saving measures can be employed. Saint Vincent Charity Hospital and Health Center, Cleveland, decided to evaluate and increase the efficiency of tube feeding preparation, delivery, inventory, and purchasing because of an increased demand for those services. The evaluation process resulted in the development of an enteral preparation facility, a specialty kitchen located within the foodservice department, specifically designed for cost-effective preparation and dispensation of all enteral formulas. The effort required physical space reallocation and personnel retraining. Implementation of the enteral preparation facility has resulted in improved quality of enteral nutrition services and has significantly aided nutrition support and cost-containment efforts at the hospital. PMID- 3923083 TI - Allocation of feeding pumps: an ethical question. AB - Situations arise in clinical practice that force the dietitian to make a moral/ethical decision. Traditional undergraduate dietetic programs have not routinely included learning activities on ethical decision making. Therefore, a dietitian confronted with such an issue may defer to someone else the responsibility for finding a viable ethical solution. If the dietitian does accept the challenge, she/he must develop a systemic way to solve the problem. This case study demonstrates how a nutrition support dietitian solves a complex ethical problem involving the allocation of two enteral feeding pumps to seven critically ill patients. The three tools used to aid in the decision making were the Standards of Professional Responsibility of The American Dietetic Association, the Four-Step Process of Moral Judgment and Action of Purtilo and Cassel, and the Nutrition Support Team. It is hoped that this case example will provide some insight to other dietitians faced with similar ethical dilemmas. PMID- 3923084 TI - Enteral nutrition: beliefs and practices of physicians and dietitians in one hospital. AB - Establishing an enteral nutrition formulary for a hospital requires critical evaluation of all nutrition products and examination of the population to be served. A careful determination of the needs of each patient should precede selection and administration of any product. Monitoring nutrition therapy should be a combined effort of physicians and dietitians, emphasizing both nutrition and metabolic indexes. Finally, education must be provided to physicians and other health care professionals so that the skills and clinical expertise of the registered dietitian in nutrition and enteral nutrition support are recognized and utilized. PMID- 3923085 TI - Nutrition support for cancer patients. PMID- 3923087 TI - Adverse drug reactions in long-term care facility residents. AB - The study of 72 long-term care facility residents admitted to an acute geriatric ward was undertaken to determine the incidence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and to establish whether this was a higher incidence than previously reported for this age group and level of care. An ADR incidence of 26 per cent was identified according to the WHO definition and scored by a probability scoring scale. The patients in this study were elderly (mean age 80 years) with many diagnoses and many medications, well known precipitators of ADR in the elderly. The fact that there is a high incidence of ADRs in the long-term care resident has been established, but the reasons for this phenomenon are still not clear. ADRs appear to contribute to the need to admit long-term care facility residents to acute geriatric wards. PMID- 3923086 TI - Geriatric consultation teams in acute hospitals: impact on back-up of elderly patients. AB - Back-up of elderly patients in hospital awaiting long-term placement has become a major problem in some areas of the United States and elsewhere. In 1982, geriatric consultation teams (physician, nurse, and social worker) were introduced into six acute hospitals in Monroe County, New York, to help alleviate the problem through more attention to restoration of patient function and comprehensive discharge planning. Over a six-month period, 4,328 newly hospitalized patients aged 70 or older were screened, and geriatric consultations were provided for 366 (8.5 per cent) who were judged to be at risk of requiring prolonged hospital stays. During this period, the mean monthly census of elderly patients backed up in hospital declined 21 per cent, a reversal of previous rises that could not be explained by any other identifiable factors. The impact was on length of stay on back-up status rather than rate of entry to that status. A variety of medical, rehabilitative, and social interventions accounted for this outcome. A number of health care system barriers to expeditious rehabilitation and discharge of hospitalized elderly patients were identified. Geriatric consultation was deemed useful for implementation in acute hospitals in other settings. PMID- 3923088 TI - Use of the twin-cell differential titration calorimeter for binding studies. I. EDTA and its calcium complex. AB - The use of a twin-cell differential titration calorimeter is described which utilizes small volumes (1-3 ml) of modest concentrations of materials (0.001-0.01 M) and yields data of good precision. Operation is controlled by a microprocessor which regulates and controls the addition of reagents and collects and displays the data as time, temperature in volts, and the pH. Corrections for the titration of water are applied to the potentiometric data, and the thermal data are corrected for the initial temperature-time baseline, the changes in heat capacity, and the heat loss (or gain) to the external environment. Finally, the thermal signal is corrected for the heat derived from the formation of water due to the free hydrogen or hydroxyl ions present. The corrected data as pH, groups titrated and delta HT (kcal/mol) can then be used to obtain the parameters pK' and delta Hi involved with the equilibria by curve-fitting the observed data. The system has been applied to the ionization of EDTA and its calcium complex. The ionization constants, the heats of ionization, the stoichiometry of binding and the heat of binding have been determined and demonstrated to be in agreement with published values. PMID- 3923089 TI - Cardiovascular effects of intracisternal 6-hydroxydopamine and of subsequent lesions of the ventrolateral medulla coinciding with the Al group of noradrenaline cells in the rabbit. AB - The acute cardiovascular effects of intracisternal injections of 6 hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine and 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine and the degree of neurotransmitter depletion achieved by such injections were studied. The two different vehicles used--0.2% ascorbic acid in 0.9% NaCl, or 0.9% NaCl--had little effect on the cardiovascular response to 6-OHDA injections but had a striking effect on levels of noradrenaline (NA) subsequently measured in the thoracic spinal cord. 6-OHDA (600 micrograms kg-1 free base) dissolved in normal saline depleted spinal cord NA to less than 1% of control levels whereas the same dose of 6-OHDA dissolved in ascorbate saline only depleted spinal cord NA to 24% of control levels. The degree of depletion of NA in medulla, pons and hypothalamus was similar in the two groups. Ascorbic acid also appeared to contribute to the non-specific toxicity of intracisternal injections of 6-OHDA. The hypertension and bradycardia that followed lesions of the ventrolateral medulla coinciding with the A1 group of noradrenergic cells (Al lesions) were attenuated in animals in which spinal cord NA had been depleted to 2% of control using 6-OHDA in normal saline. However, pretreatment with 6-OHDA in ascorbate saline, which only reduced spinal cord NA to 23% of control, had no effect on the cardiovascular response to Al lesions. It seems likely that the effects of Al lesions are mediated, at least in part, by NA projections descending within the spinal cord. PMID- 3923091 TI - Regional hemodynamic effects of changes in PaCO2 in the vagotomized, sino-aortic de-afferented rat. AB - Rats were anesthetized with urethane (1.5 g/kg i.p.) paralyzed with gallamine (3 mg/kg, i.v.), artificially ventilated and the vagi, carotid sinus and aortic nerves were cut. PaCO2 levels of 16.4 +/- 0.8, 23.3 +/- 1.6, 32.3 +/- 1.8 and 51.9 +/- 2.2 mm Hg were obtained by hyperventilation in 0%, 3%, 5% and 8% CO2 in O2, respectively. Radioactive microspheres labelled with 57Co or 113Sn were injected into the left ventricle and cardiac output and regional blood flows were determined by the 'arterial reference sample' method. Increasing PaCO2 induced an increase in systemic arterial pressure which was predominantly due to a significant increase in total peripheral resistance, while the increase in cardiac output was much less pronounced and no changes in heart rate were observed. The effect of increasing PaCO2 on regional vascular resistance (VR) was not uniformly distributed. CO2 induced a dilatation in the cerebral, bronchial and hepatic artery vascular beds. Coronary VR was not affected while vasoconstriction was induced by CO2 in the other vascular territories. This vasoconstriction was most significant in skeletal muscle, skin, pancreas, large intestine and kidneys. In most of these territories the vasoconstrictor effect of CO2 was observed at PaCO2 levels above 23.3 mm Hg, while between 16.4 and 23.3 mm Hg there was either no change or a decrease in VR. Propranolol and phentolamine (1 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg, i.v., respectively), which caused a 78% +/- 2% adrenergic blockade, significantly reduced the CO2 pressor and vasoconstrictor effects. Our experiments show that, after peripheral chemoreceptor denervation in the rat: (a) there is a direct relationship between PaCO2 and VR mediated by the sympathetic nervous system over the whole range of PaCO2 values from hypocapnia to hypercapnia, and (b) the various vascular territories contribute to a different extent to the CO2-induced changes in total peripheral resistance. PMID- 3923090 TI - Ambient temperature modulates the differentiated cardiorespiratory pattern generated by the central noradrenergic system, most likely via alterations of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) activity. AB - In conscious rabbits with indwelling intracisternal (i.c.) catheters i.c. injections of 600 micrograms kg-1 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) elicited with short latencies an increase in metabolic rate followed by cutaneous vasoconstriction and a reduction in renal sympathetic nerve activity; in addition there was depression of respiratory rate, bradycardia and a fall of blood pressure. This differentiated cardiorespiratory activity pattern was fully established about 1 h after i.c. 6-OHDA, when injected at thermoneutrality. At warm ambient temperatures the metabolic and cardiorespiratory responses to i.c. 6-OHDA were considerably diminished and there was tachycardia. Intravenous (i.v.) injection of 4 micrograms kg-1 bacterial endotoxin (LPS) in intact rabbits evoked with short latency an increase in metabolic rate and the typical cardiorespiratory activity pattern normally seen in cold defense, consisting of cutaneous vasoconstriction, a depression of respiratory rate and, as shown in a previous study, a decrease in renal sympathetic nerve activity while heart rate and arterial blood pressure is little altered. When LPS was i.v. injected 2-3 days after i.c. 6-OHDA, the febrile response was attenuated with lesser cutaneous vasoconstriction and respiratory rate depression. There was no early inhibition in renal sympathetic nerve activity but rather marked excitation, with increases in heart rate and arterial blood pressure. The results indicate that the effects on autonomic system activities being produced by transmitter release at noradrenergic terminals acutely following i.c. 6-OHDA are considerably modulated by ambient temperature. Comparison of autonomic system reactions in fever obtained in the intact animal and after i.c. 6-OHDA reveals the important role of central noradrenergic pathways in preserving blood pressure homeostasis and heat conservation. The appearance of cardiorespiratory responses similar to those obtained after i.c. noradrenaline or i.c. 6-OHDA, when non-thermal activation of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) neurons occurs (as demonstrated in a previous study), suggests the hypothesis that TRH neurons known to be specifically influenced by changes in body temperature, converge onto the central noradrenergic system producing the typical cardiorespiratory pattern of cold defense. PMID- 3923092 TI - Effect of chronic denervation on pharmacological responsiveness of coronary vessels. AB - We have hypothesized that the well-established regional heterogeneity of the properties of the vascular smooth muscle results from peculiarities of the microenvironment in every region. In particular, the coronary vasculature has well-established differences between large and small coronary arteries in their responsiveness to alpha and beta agonists, nitroglycerin and adenosine. To test our hypothesis, we altered the micro-environment of coronary vessels by chronic surgical sympathectomy in dogs. Our in vitro studies on vessels from normally innervated hearts confirmed previous studies and showed that in large vessels, alpha and beta epinephrine or norepinephrine responses can be demonstrated; the alpha effect is dominant and epinephrine is a more potent alpha agonist than is norepinephrine. In small vessels only a beta catecholamine effect can be demonstrated. Chronically sympathectomized blood vessels show an alpha norepinephrine effect in small vessels. Denervation caused a reduction in the sensitivity to K+-induced contraction in both large and small vessels. In large vessels the responses to nitroglycerin were not affected by denervation, whereas in small vessels the sensitivity to adenosine was reduced. These results indicate that chronic denervation alters the pharmacological responsiveness of the vasculature to various agonists indicating that vascular smooth muscle possesses the ability to respond to long-term modulatory influences arising in the immediate environment. PMID- 3923093 TI - [Oculocerebral anomalies in Walker's lissencephaly]. AB - Two new cases of Walker's lissencephaly are reported. In this disease first described by Walker in 1942 important cerebral malformations and various ocular anomalies are associated. The main cerebral malformations consist of hydrocephalus and agyria, and the ocular anomalies concern the anterior segment as well as the retina which is frequently dysplastic. The originality of our cases is due to the retina which was not dysplastic but showed particular modifications which are discussed. Moreover, in the second case the cerebral cortex was rather microgyric. The aspect of the ocular lesions and of some of the cerebro-meningeal findings bring the authors to discuss the autosomal recessive inheritance proposed by some neuropathologists; these aspects can suggest a possible foetopathy. PMID- 3923094 TI - Watch out! Urinary tract infections must not spread! PMID- 3923095 TI - Make a safe environment by design. PMID- 3923096 TI - Murine antibody induced-sex-ratio changes in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Treatment of D. melanogaster parental blastoderms with murine monoclonal anti H-Y (anti-male) antibody for more than 8 hours significantly decreases progeny sex ratio. PMID- 3923097 TI - Bone marrow transplantation: from last resort to preferred therapy. PMID- 3923098 TI - Studies on antigens associated with the activation of murine mononuclear phagocytes: kinetics of and requirements for induction of lymphocyte function associated (LFA)-1 antigen in vitro. AB - Macrophages activated and primed in vivo, although not resident or responsive macrophages, express the lymphocyte function associated (LFA)-1 antigen. By contrast, the biochemically related Mac-1 antigen is expressed on all populations of macrophages. In the present paper, we studied regulation of the LFA-1 antigen in vitro. LFA-1 could be induced in vitro on thioglycollate (TG)-elicited but not on proteose peptone (PP)-elicited or resident macrophages. Specifically, macrophage-activating factor (MAF), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), or picogram amounts of endotoxin (LPS) induced LFA-1 on TG-elicited macrophages following overnight incubation. Interferon, -alpha or -beta, fucoidin, and colony stimulating factor were not effective. While some levels of LFA-1 could be detected as soon as 10 hr, peak expression was observed after 16 to 32 hr of incubation. The induction could be completely abrogated by cycloheximide, suggesting that protein synthesis was required. These results indicate that the induction of LFA-1 on mononuclear phagocytes is closely regulated and that the requirements for such induction are distinct from but share certain similarities with induction of cytotoxic functions and expression of Ia antigen. PMID- 3923099 TI - Analysis of the monocyte Fc receptors and antibody-mediated cellular interactions required for the induction of T cell proliferation by anti-T3 antibodies. AB - The induction of human T cell proliferation by antibodies that cross-link T3 antigens is dependent on functional interactions of anti-T3 antibodies with monocyte Fc receptors. In this report, we used a panel of anti-T3 antibodies of differing heavy chain isotype and a variety of other monoclonal antibodies to analyze several features of the antibody-mediated interactions between T cells and monocytes that are required for mitogenesis. Whereas three IgG2a anti-T3 antibodies were mitogenic for cells from all individuals, IgM and IgG2b anti-T3 antibodies did not induce T cell proliferation in any donor and could block the proliferative responses induced by other mitogenic anti-T3 antibodies. Dose response analyses with four IgG1 anti-T3 antibodies demonstrated donor heterogeneity as reported by other investigators. However, in contrast to these previous reports, high concentrations of IgG1 anti-T3 antibodies were found to be mitogenic for all donors, indicating that this heterogeneity is based on relative rather than absolute defects in low responder monocytes. Cell mixing experiments in which monocytes from two different low responder donors were co-cultured with T cells and IgG1 anti-T3 antibodies did not identify any complementary defects, suggesting that the low responder phenotype results from a relatively restricted polymorphism. To assess the nature of the signals required for inducing T cell proliferation, nonmitogenic anti-T3 antibodies were co-cultured with other pan-T cell antibodies having the IgG2a isotype. The combination of signals from T3 antigen cross-linkage and those independently generated by other IgG2a antibodies bound to monocyte Fc receptors did not induce T cell proliferation. Hence, it appears that the T3 antigen or closely associated structures must be clustered at the monocyte membrane for mitogenesis. Finally, in competitive inhibition experiments, the isotype specificity of monocyte Fc receptors involved in the induction of T cell proliferation was examined. Two distinct Fc receptor sites, one that binds murine IgG2a and IgG3 antibodies and a second that binds murine IgG1 antibodies, were identified. Murine IgM or IgG2b did not appear to bind either of these receptor sites. Taken together, these data indicate that human monocytes have two distinct Fc receptor sites, which must specifically and directly interact with T cell-bound anti-T3 antibodies for mitogenesis. PMID- 3923100 TI - Differential effects of recombinant human interferon-gamma and interleukin 2 on natural killer cell activity of peripheral blood in early human development. AB - Ontogenic development and the lymphokine responsiveness of human NK cell activity against K562 target cells in peripheral blood lymphocytes were evaluated in fetuses, premature infants, and term neonates by using a 4-hr 51Cr-release assay. Basal NK activity and NK boosting by lymphokines were comparatively assayed after an 18-hr incubation with medium alone, recombinant human IFN-gamma (1000 U/ml), and recombinant human IL 2 (25 U/ml), respectively. Lymphocytes from 20-wk-old fetuses lacked NK cell activity even after the pretreatment with IFN-gamma. Low, but significant levels of NK activity and NK boosting by IFN-gamma were observed in premature infants after 27 wk of gestation, with a progressive intrauterine maturation of these activities. Both basal NK activity and NK boosting by IFN gamma in term neonates were still lower than those of adult controls. The grade of NK boosting by IFN-gamma appeared to depend on the development of basal NK activity. Contrary to IFN-gamma, IL 2 could induce marked NK activity even in 20 wk-old fetuses who lacked both basal and IFN-gamma inducible NK activities. NK boosting by IL 2 was much more efficient than that by IFN-gamma at any period of human life. The facts that IL 2-induced NK boosting could occur without any appreciable production of IFN-gamma in neonatal lymphocytes, and that ample neutralizing doses of anti-IFN-gamma antibody hardly suppressed IL 2-mediated NK boosting even in adult lymphocytes, indicated that the effect of IL 2 on NK boosting might be independent of IFN-gamma production. On the basis of the ontogenic differences in the development of the lymphokine responsiveness of NK cell activity and on the different NK boosting mechanisms of these lymphokines it was suggested that so-called human "pre-NK cells" might be divided into IFN-gamma sensitive and IL 2-sensitive cells. Whether these cell populations belong to different cell lineages or different maturation stages of the same cell line, however, remains unsettled. PMID- 3923101 TI - Activation of human B cells and inhibition of their terminal differentiation by monoclonal anti-mu antibodies. AB - Anti-mu antibody preparations have been found to exert both positive and negative effects on B cell activation and differentiation. To explore these paradoxical influences of IgM cross-linkage on human B cells, three gamma 1 kappa murine monoclonal antibodies specific for human mu-chains (DA4.4, AB6.4, 145.8) were examined for their comparative effects on activation of B cells and inhibition of terminal plasma cell differentiation. All three antibodies appeared equally efficient in immunoprecipitation of surface IgM molecules; however, fluorescence activated cell sorter analysis revealed that the DA4.4 and AB6.4 antibodies saturated the B cell surface IgM at slightly lower concentrations than did the 145.8 antibody. When the affinity-purified antibodies were added in varying concentrations to cultures of small resting B cells, all three antibodies induced B cell enlargement and DNA synthesis, but with varying degrees of efficiency (DA4.4 greater than AB6.4 much greater than 145.8). In striking contrast, large B cells isolated either by FACS or density gradient separation were unresponsive. The anti-mu-induced proliferative response of small B cells required relatively high B cell densities, but not T cells or the Fc portion of the antibody molecules. The maximal proliferative response was obtained during the third day of culture, and the response curve suggested that anti-mu induced only one round of B cell replication. All three antibodies were capable of completely inhibiting T cell factor-induced differentiation of large B cells into IgM plasma cells; both F(ab')2 fragments and intact anti-mu antibodies were effective in final concentrations as low as 1 microgram/ml. Significant suppression of IgG and IgA plasma cell differentiation was also achieved, but required higher concentrations of the anti-mu antibodies. For each antibody, there was a close correlation between the efficiency of inducing small B cell proliferation and of inhibiting large B cell differentiation into plasma cells. The results show that the B cell response to cross-linkage of cell surface IgM varies according to the differentiation stage. We postulate that the mature resting B cell represents the only stage in the life history of the B cell during which surface Ig cross linkage leads to a positive signal, negative signals being the rule at other stages in B cell replication and differentiation. PMID- 3923102 TI - Salivary gland lymphocytes in primary Sjogren's syndrome lack lymphocyte subsets defined by Leu-7 and Leu-11 antigens. AB - Primary Sjogren's Syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by dry eyes and dry mouth due to lymphocytic infiltration of lacrimal and salivary glands. Biopsies of their salivary glands provided an opportunity to characterize the phenotypic and functional properties of inflammatory site lymphocytes. We found that the salivary gland lymphocytes (SGL) of SS patients differed from the peripheral blood lymphocytes of the same patients because: a) SGL lacked lymphocytes reactive with anti-Leu-7 and anti-Leu-11 monoclonal antibodies; b) SGL lacked natural killer (NK) activity; and c) SGL lacked the ability to suppress polyclonal B cell responses in the presence of complement fragment C3a, a function that requires the presence of Leu-7+ cells. These studies also showed that the SGL of SS patients differed from tonsillar lymph node (LN) lymphocytes of immunologically normal individuals because tonsillar LN contained Leu-7+ T cells, and tonsillar LN could suppress polyclonal B cell responses in the presence of the complement fragment C3a. The absence of this regulatory subset in the salivary glands of SS patients may contribute to pathogenesis, because these cells may be important in the suppression of polyclonal antibody synthesis and in the elimination of neoplastic or viral infected cells. PMID- 3923103 TI - Low molecular weight C1q in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - In sera of patients suffering from an exacerbation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), increased amounts of abnormal C1q were detected, contrasting with decreased or even undetectable levels of normal C1q in these sera. When analyzed immunochemically by double immunodiffusion, this low m.w. C1q (LMW-C1q) appeared to be identical with the defective C1q in serum of individuals with an inherited, homozygous inability to produce functional plasma C1q. These persons show a tendency to develop SLE-like syndromes. Like the genetically defective C1q, the abnormal C1q molecule in SLE sera was hemolytically inactive, did not incorporate in C1, was found in the supernatant of euglobulin-precipitated serum, and appeared in the break-through fraction of a cation-exchange column. Sucrose gradients and gel filtration analyses supported the putative identity of the molecules. SDS-PAGE and immunoblots revealed the presence of subunits that reacted with antibodies against C1q and confirmed the C1q-like nature of LMW-C1q. Low levels of LMW-C1q were also detected in serum and plasma of normal individuals. A radial immunodiffusion technique was used to measure LMW-C1q in the serum of 54 patients. Although these patients were not selected for parameters of disease activity, their levels of LMW-C1q were significantly higher than those of normal individuals and children with decreased C3 levels due to acute glomerulonephritis. PMID- 3923104 TI - Generation of anti-peptide monoclonal antibodies which recognize mature CSF-2 alpha (IL 3) protein. AB - The colony-stimulating factor CSF-2 alpha (IL 3) has been purified to homogeneity, the protein sequenced, and the gene encoding this lymphokine cloned. Knowledge of the protein sequence permitted the synthesis of peptides corresponding to the amino terminus of the molecule. These peptides, after conjugation to palmitic acid, were used to immunize mice. Spleen cells from mice immunized with one of these peptides (CSF-2 alpha 1-14) were fused with the myeloma cell line NS-1. The fusion resulted in the isolation of two hybridoma cell lines, designated 6A5 and 4D4, that secreted antibodies that were specific for the immunizing peptide. The antibodies did not react with a closely related peptide CSF-2 alpha 7-16. The antibodies were capable, however, of recognized CSF 2 alpha protein as judged by the ability of the antibodies to remove CSF-2 alpha activity from culture medium of PHA-stimulated LBRM-33-5A4 cells, to immunoprecipitate radiolabeled CSF-2 alpha protein, and to detect CSF-2 alpha protein bound to nitrocellulose membranes. PMID- 3923105 TI - Functional properties of two human B cell growth factor species separated by lectin affinity column. AB - The supernatants from PHA-activated normal human T cells (conditioned medium) were fractionated by differential adsorption on Con A-Sepharose columns. The effluent contained both IL 2 activity (tested on the CTL-L2 cell line) and BCGF activity (tested on anti-mu-activated normal B-enriched cells). Absorption of such effluent on PHA-activated T cell blasts removed the IL 2 activity without affecting the BCGF activity. The eluate also displayed BCGF activity (tested on anti-mu-activated B-enriched cells) without detectable IL 2 activity. The two BCGF species isolated by this criteria synergize with semipurified IL 1 to support the anti-mu-induced proliferation of highly monocyte-depleted B cells. Both BCGF species required the presence of anti-mu Ab to support the proliferation of small B cells (at the G0 stage). However, in contrast to crude conditioned medium and to the BCGF present in the effluent, the BCGF present in the eluate was unable to induce the proliferation of unfractionated or large (at the G1 stage) B cells in the absence of anti-mu Ab. These results support the existence of two functionally different human BCGF species, differing at least in their relative sugar content and distinct from IL 2. PMID- 3923106 TI - Characterization of a T4+/Leu-8+ T cell clone that directly helps B cell Ig production by secreting B cell differentiation factor. AB - A human T4+/Leu-8+ T cell clone (YA2) was established by phytohemagglutinin activation and interleukin 2 (IL 2) propagation. Functional characterization of this clone demonstrated that it provided potent help towards Ig production by pokeweed mitogen-stimulated B cells in the presence of small numbers of autologous T cells or by Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I (SAC)-activated B cells in the presence of B cell growth factor (BCGF). YA2 provided no help to resting B cells and minimal help to either unactivated B cells cultured with BCGF or SAC activated B cells. Supernatant generated from clone YA2 by IL 2 stimulation had significant B cell differentiation activity but no BCGF or IL 2 activity. Thus, YA2 is a T4+/Leu-8+ potent direct helper only to B cells that are activated and proliferating due to its selective secretion of a differentiation factor, and not an activation and growth factor. The availability of phenotypically defined cloned populations of T cells with restricted functional helper activity related to the secretion of selected B cell tropic factors should prove useful in the dissection of the role of individual T cell subsets in the regulation of the human B cell cycle. PMID- 3923107 TI - Localization of structural variations distinguishing I-Ak-related molecules to the alpha 1 and beta 1 domains. AB - The structural variations that distinguish the A molecules encoded by wild derived H-2 complexes which express Ak-related molecules have been localized into the alpha 1 and beta 1 domains by radiochemical sequence analyses of tryptic peptides. The A alpha subunits of B10.STC90 (Akv1) and W12A (Akv2) differ from those of B10.BR (Ak) in two adjacent tryptic peptides spanning positions 43 to 71 in the alpha 1 domain. The A beta subunit of W12A differs from that of B10.BR in two peptides spanning positions 26 to 29 and 95 to 106. Isoleucine and leucine residues present at positions 28 and 95, respectively, in the B10.BR A beta subunit are not found in the corresponding positions in W12A A beta subunits. Both of these A beta sequence variations are in the beta 1 domain. B10.STC90 A beta subunits are identical to those of W12A except for a structural variation in the beta 1 domain affecting the HPLC retention time of a peptide spanning positions 49 to 63. These results suggest that these A molecules are encoded by closely related class II gene alleles which have diversified by the accumulation of discrete mutations within the exons encoding the alpha 1 and beta 1 domains of the A molecule. Our previous functional analyses of these minor variant A molecules have demonstrated that they are readily distinguished with A molecule specific alloreactive T lymphocytes. Together, these findings suggest that minor structural variations in the alpha 1 and beta 1 domains of the A molecule can dramatically modify the allodeterminants recognized by alloreactive T lymphocytes. PMID- 3923108 TI - Cellular distribution of the Ia-associated chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan. AB - The Ia-associated chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG) found in anti-Ia and anti-invariant chain immunoprecipitates was originally detected in [35S] sulfate labeled extracts derived from unseparated populations of splenocytes. To determine whether the CSPG was produced only by a subpopulation of spleen cells, we examined various cell populations for their ability to produce the CSPG. We found that B lymphocytes were the predominant source of CSPG in the spleen. The synthesis of the Ia-associated CSPG in spleen cell cultures was not diminished by the depletion of T cells or adherent cells. Moreover, the CSPG was readily detected in lysates derived from the Lyb-5- B cell subsets of xid mice, splenocytes from athymic (nude) mice, and in vitro B cell hybridomas. Peritoneal exudate macrophages from indomethacin-treated mice were also found to be capable of producing the CSPG. In all of the studies performed to date, no dissociation of the synthesis of the CSPG from the synthesis of Ia was observed in any cell type. We therefore tentatively conclude that all cells that synthesize conventional Ia molecules also synthesize the CSPG. Finally, we have been able to use anion exchange chromatography to prepare proteoglycan-enriched fractions to isolate the CSPG. This purification step has allowed us to convincingly demonstrate that the CSPG can be labeled with amino acids, and is a necessary step for detecting amino acid-labeled CSPG. This purification step method was used in the accompanying report to begin a quantitative examination of the Ia/CSPG complex, to monitor the kinetics of CSPG synthesis and association with Ia, and to determine its subcellular localization. PMID- 3923109 TI - Fluorescence resonance energy transfer study of the associative state of membrane bound complexes of complement proteins C5b-8. AB - Human complement protein C8 was labeled with the fluorescent chromophores fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate (FITC), 3-(4-isothiocyanatophenyl)-7-diethylamine-4 methyl coumarin (IPM), eosin-5-isothiocyanate (EOS), or Texas Red (sulforhodamine 101-sulfonyl chloride; TR) with only minor reduction in the specific hemolytic activity of the protein. The distribution of C5b-8 complexes bound to sheep erythrocyte membranes was investigated by monitoring fluorescence resonance energy transfer (RET) between the following RET donor/acceptor pairs of labeled C8: FITC-C8/EOS-C8, IPM-C8/EOS-C8, and FITC-C8/TR-C8. On binding to membranes containing pre-formed C5b67 complexes, specific RET was detected for each of the donor/acceptor pairs of labeled C8 investigated. In contrast, no energy transfer was observed for these RET donor/acceptor pairs of labeled C8 incubated in the presence of control membranes or in membrane-free solution. On the basis of a consideration of the transfer efficiency that would be expected for donor/acceptor pairs of labeled C8 that were uniformly dispersed on the membrane surface, these results suggest that C5b-8 complexes are aggregated into polymeric clusters when membrane-bound. The efficiency of donor-C8 to acceptor-C8 RET--and the hemolytic activity of membrane-bound C5b-8 (in the absence of C9)--are both related to the surface density of membrane-bound C5b67, suggesting that the physical clustering of the membrane-inserted C5b-8 complex may be related to the expression of its cytolytic activity. PMID- 3923110 TI - Regulation of arachidonic acid metabolism in macrophages by immune and nonimmune interferons. AB - Mouse resident peritoneal M phi release AAA and metabolize it into cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase-derived eicosanoids, when triggered in vitro with different stimuli. Pretreatment of M phi with nonimmune IFN-alpha and IFN-beta dramatically decreased AA liberation from M phi phospholipids and eicosanoid formation after stimulation of M phi with Zy, A23187, or PMA. M phi exposed to immune IFN-gamma also showed a substantial impairment of both AA liberation and eicosanoid production upon exposure to Zy. However, AA and eicosanoid release was increased by IFN-gamma, rather than depressed, in PMA-triggered M phi. In addition, IFN gamma showed differential effects on M phi stimulated with A23187. In fact, it inhibited AA release as well as formation of lipoxygenase-derived LTC4, but it highly increased the release of the cyclooxygenase products PGE2 and 6-keto PGF1 alpha. The ability of IFN-gamma to differentially modulate AA metabolism of M phi, depending on the nature of the triggering agent, sets forth the high specificity of the regulatory capacity of this molecule. This is at variance with the down regulation of AA metabolism that is generally observed with nonimmune IFN. PMID- 3923111 TI - Mouse chromosome 1 Ity locus regulates microbicidal activity of isolated peritoneal macrophages against a diverse group of intracellular and extracellular bacteria. AB - The genotype of a mouse influences whether or not it will survive infection with the agent of murine typhoid, Salmonella typhimurium. The best-characterized murine salmonella response gene is a Chromosome 1 locus designated Ity. Inbred strains of mice that express the Itys allele are unable to contain the net growth of Salmonella typhimurium within their spleens and livers, and usually die early in the infection. By contrast, mice homozygous or heterozygous for the Ityr allele are able to control the net multiplication of Salmonella typhimurium within these organs. The Ity gene also appears to regulate the extent of replication within murine reticuloendothelial cell tissues of the obligate intracellular parasite Leishmania donovani, as well as the facultative intracellular bacteria Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium lepraemurium. Previous studies from our laboratory strongly suggested that Ityr mice are more resistant to S. typhimurium infection than are Itys mice, because resident Ityr macrophages kill salmonellae more efficiently than do Itys macrophages. In this study, we used an in vitro macrophage assay to assess the specificity of the enhanced killing capacity of Ityr macrophages. We found that Ityr macrophages were better able than Itys macrophages to kill both intracellular bacteria (Salmonella typhi) and extracellular bacteria (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Corynebacterium diphtheriae). Thus, the diversity of organisms affected by Ity expression suggests that the product of this gene may play a key regulatory role in the initial interaction of mice with a variety of microbial agents. PMID- 3923112 TI - Antibodies to the scrapie protein decorate prion rods. AB - Scrapie is a degenerative, transmissible neurologic disease of sheep and goats which occurs in the absence of any detectable host immune response. Antibodies to the scrapie agent have been produced after immunization of rabbits with either scrapie prions or the prion protein, PrP 27-30, purified from infected hamster brain. Immunoreactivity of the antisera was assessed by dot and Western immunoblots with purified prions and PrP 27-30. Antibodies raised against infectious prions were more immunoreactive with native than denatured preparations, whereas those raised against PrP 27-30 were more reactive with denatured prion preparations. As determined by second antibody-colloidal gold, both antisera were found to decorate scrapie prion rods in purified preparations. Antibodies to cellular filamentous proteins failed to react with PrP 27-30 or the scrapie prion rods; conversely, antibodies to PrP 27-30 did not exhibit immunoreactivity with cellular filamentous proteins. The monospecificity of the rabbit antiserum raised against PrP 27-30 was established by its reactivity after affinity purification. The purified antibodies reacted with PrP 27-30 on Western blots and with the prion rods. Considerable evidence indicates that the scrapie rods are aggregates of infectious prions; the findings presented here provide an immunologic demonstration that PrP 27-30 is a structural component of the prion rods. PMID- 3923113 TI - Coordinate induction of Ia alpha, beta, and Ii mRNA in a macrophage cell line. AB - We demonstrated a tightly coordinated timing in the appearance of mRNA for the four class II (Ia) MHC chains, A alpha, A beta, E alpha, and E beta, and the Ia associated invariant chain in a murine macrophage cell line after the addition of immune interferon (IFN-gamma) or of IFN-gamma-containing supernatants from Con A stimulated spleen cells. The marked increase in mRNA levels for these molecules at approximately 8 hr after IFN-gamma addition contrasts sharply with the earlier, more gradual kinetics observed for class I (H-2) and beta 2 microglobulin mRNA. The difference in kinetics of IFN-gamma induction of class I and class II mRNA suggests differential regulation of the expression of Ia and H 2 antigens. The long lag period preceding detection of Ia mRNA raises the possibility that IFN-gamma may not directly mediate the increase in mRNA expression, but may act through an additional cellular intermediate. PMID- 3923114 TI - An exoglycosidase-sensitive triggering site on NK cells which is coupled to transmethylation of membrane phospholipids. AB - Glycosidic enzymes were used as probes to analyze the mechanism of NK cell mediated cytotoxicity. Pretreatment of nylon wool-enriched CBA/J spleen cells, a murine NK clone, or human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) with alpha mannosidase, an exoglycosidase, led to a marked dose-dependent inhibition of NK lytic activity against YAC-1.2 or K562 tumor cells. Maximal inhibition occurred after a 60-min pretreatment of murine effectors at 37 degrees C, and the kinetics of NK inhibition by alpha-mannosidase was similar to the reported kinetics for enzymatic activity. Released hexose was detected chemically in the supernatant of mouse spleen cells treated with NK inhibitory dose of alpha-mannosidase, and inactivation of enzymatic function with EDTA reversed the NK inhibitory effect. These results suggest that alpha-mannosidase inhibited NK function by virtue of its enzymatic action. Culture of human PBL for 20-hr after treatment with this enzyme led to a greater than 70% recovery in NK lytic function. Recovery was blocked by incorporating tunicamycin, a glycosylation inhibitor of asparagine linked glycoproteins, into the culture medium. These results suggest that the alpha-mannosidase-sensitive site may be de novo synthesized glycoprotein. Neuraminidase, beta-galactosidase, endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase-D and H, and peptide-N-glycosidase treatments did not inhibit human NK cell lysis of K562 cells. Pretreatment of nylon wool-enriched CBA/J spleen cells or Percoll-enriched human LGL with alpha-mannosidase did not influence their capacity to bind YAC 1.2 target cells or K562 target cells, respectively, Ca++ pulse experiments revealed that the alpha-mannosidase-sensitive site on the NK cells was involved after target-effector binding but before the Ca++ influx. Pretreatment of effector cells with this enzyme which normally occurs after effector-target cell interaction. These results suggest that the phospholipid methylation reaction is coupled to the alpha-mannosidase-sensitive site on the NK cells. By analogy to other physiologic systems, such as histamine release in mast cells, the triggering of phospholipid methylation in the NK cells may serve as a mechanism for signal transduction across the plasma membrane. PMID- 3923115 TI - Genetic control of the natural killer cell activity in SJL and other strains of mice. AB - Murine natural killer (NK) cell activity against lymphoma targets can be classified into three major functional phenotypes, i.e., low, inducible, and high, according to the levels of endogeneous activity and the extent of augmentation by interferon (IFN) or IFN inducers, as previously described. The prototype strains identifying these three phenotypes are SJL, A.SW, and B10.S, respectively, all bearing the H-2s haplotype. In the present study, the genetic basis of the low phenotype of SJL mice was examined further. F1 hybrid offspring of crosses between SJL and a strain with the high NK phenotype (B10.S, B10.D2, B10, C3H/HeN, or D1.LP) invariably expressed the high NK phenotype, indicating recessiveness of the low phenotype. Crosses between SJL and another low NK strain, such as A/J, A/HeN, or I/St, resulted in offspring of either the inducible or the high NK phenotype. Such genetic complementation between the low NK pairs indicates that the low phenotype of SJL and that of the other strains have different genetic bases. F1 hybrid mice between SJL and an inducible strain, A/WySn, were inducible, but those between SJL and the second inducible strain, A.SW, had the high NK phenotype. Thus, the congenic A/WySn and A.SW have distinct genotypes resulting in the same inducible phenotype. According to analyses of the segregating offspring from backcrosses of (SJL X B10.S)F1 mice to SJL, a single gene difference is responsible for the low endogenous level of NK activity in SJL as opposed to the high endogenous level in B10.S, and that the difference in three genes accounts for the poor responsiveness of NK cells to IFN in SJL mice. Studies of the two congenic lines of SJL, i.e., SJL-Igha and SJL-nu, indicated that the Igh locus is irrelevant for the low NK phenotype of SJL, but the nu locus clearly is relevant; SJL mice homozygous for the nu allele were phenotypically inducible in contrast to the nu/+ or +/+ mice which are low. The nu gene homozygosity rendered SJL mice responsive to IFN, not only in NK activity against lymphomas but also in ADCC activity against antibody-coated lymphoma cells. PMID- 3923117 TI - Synergistic activation by recombinant mouse interferon-gamma and muramyl dipeptide of tumoricidal properties in mouse macrophages. AB - Mouse peritoneal macrophages were activated to become cytotoxic against B16-BL6 melanoma cells by the combination of subthreshold amounts of murine interferon gamma (IFN-gamma; 0.1 to 10 U/ml) and N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine (MDP; 0.001 to 10 micrograms/ml), but not by the combination of pH 2-treated IFN gamma and MDP, heat-treated IFN-gamma and MDP, or IFN-gamma and the inactive stereoisomer of MDP, N-acetyl-muramyl-D-alanyl-D-isoglutamine (MDP-D). The encapsulation of intact IFN-gamma and MDP within the same liposome preparation was synergistic for macrophage activation. In contrast, the presentation of identical concentrations of IFN-gamma and MDP in separate liposome preparations did not activate macrophages. These data allow us to conclude that the encapsulation of genetically engineered IFN-gamma and synthetically produced MDP within the same liposome is highly efficient in producing synergistic activation of tumoricidal properties in mouse macrophages. PMID- 3923116 TI - The role of interleukin 2 and T11 E rosette antigen in activation and proliferation of human NK clones. AB - Although considerable data have recently been accumulated regarding the functional role of natural killer (NK) cells, relatively little is known about the factors that regulate NK cell activity. In these studies, we evaluated the role of interleukin 2 (IL 2) and the expression of the IL 2 receptor in the activation and proliferation of human NK cloned cell lines. By using a series of cloned cell lines, we were able to analyze homogeneous populations of NK cells that ordinarily comprise only a small fraction of peripheral blood lymphocytes and are extremely heterogeneous with respect to phenotypes and cytotoxic specificities. In comparison with several T cell clones, we found a much lower density of IL 2 receptors on NK clones, regardless of whether or not these cloned cells had a mature T cell phenotype. Correspondingly, NK clones needed a 10-fold higher concentration of recombinant IL 2 for maximal proliferation. Moreover, blocking studies with specific monoclonal IL 2 receptor antibodies indicated that IL 2 is both necessary and sufficient to induce the proliferation of NK clones. Because the majority of peripheral blood NK cells and NK clones express the T11 E rosette receptor antigen, which has been shown to be an antigen-independent activation pathway for T cells, we were able to study the role of monoclonal anti T11 antibodies in the activation of various NK clones for which a specific target antigen is not known. In contrast to T cell clones, the induction of IL 2 receptor expression after T11 activation was possible only for some NK clones such as JT10 and JT3, but not for CNK5. Before activation, the IL 2 receptor expression of NK clones was confined to cells in the G2 - M phase, but after T11 activation the more pronounced IL 2 receptor expression became independent of the cell cycle. With respect to the direct proliferative effect of anti-T11 activation that has been noted with T cell clones, only the T3+ (JT10) and not the T3- NK clones could be directly stimulated. Nevertheless, IL 2 receptor expression could be triggered on some T3- clones such as JT3. Because T11-induced proliferation of T cells has been shown to be dependent on both the expression of the IL 2 receptor and on the interaction of this receptor with IL 2, it is proposed that the different responses of NK cells to T11 activation may reflect the ability of the individual clone to produce endogenous IL 2, as well as its ability to express the IL 2 receptor. PMID- 3923118 TI - Lacrimal gland-directed B cell responses. AB - Although it is accepted that IgA plasma cells predominate in the lacrimal gland, the factors leading to this prevalence are not known. A series of 4-day LPS driven co-culture experiments performed with dissociated lacrimal gland and lymphoid cell populations was employed to study the direct effect of lacrimal gland cells on B cell differentiation. Lacrimal gland cells, when co-cultured with spleen or mesenteric lymph node cells, were found to suppress differentiation of cells to IgA, IgG, and IgM production. Furthermore, suppression of IgG and IgM responses occurred after co-culture of lacrimal gland cells with Peyer's patch cells. However, these Peyer's patch co-cultures led to a stimulation of the IgA response, a condition that was abrogated by removal of Peyer's patch T cells before co-culturing. Pretreatment of lacrimal gland cells with mitomycin C eliminated the suppression and stimulation previously observed. These results demonstrate the effects of lacrimal gland, both directly and indirectly through T cells, on B cell differentiation. These findings explain in part the preferential accumulation of IgA-plasma cells within the gland. PMID- 3923119 TI - Detection of an antigen (MY4) common to M. tuberculosis and M. leprae by 'tandem' immunoassay. AB - A novel 'tandem' immunoassay for the detection of mycobacterial antigen was devised using a monoclonal antibody (ML 34) both as solid phase 'capture' and as the 125I- or enzyme-labelled 'tracer' antibody. This antibody binds to the repeating epitopes (MY4b) of a water-soluble protease-resistant antigen from M. tuberculosis, M. leprae and some other species of mycobacteria. Optimal binding results could be obtained within 4 h by the consecutive incubation of ML34-coated microtitre plates with antigen followed by the labelled ML34 antibody. The binding of intact bacilli was positive for M. tuberculosis but not for M. leprae. These results suggested that the MY4 antigen is expressed on the surface of M. tuberculosis and internally within M. leprae. Analysis of subcellular fractions suggested that this antigen is a constituent of cell walls. PMID- 3923120 TI - Which of the commonly used marker enzymes gives the best results in colorimetric and fluorimetric enzyme immunoassays: horseradish peroxidase, alkaline phosphatase or beta-galactosidase? AB - Comparing the marker enzymes horseradish peroxidase (HRP), alkaline phosphatase (AP) and beta-galactosidase (beta Gal) in IgG-coupled form with respect to their temperature-dependent kinetics over a period of 22 h the temperature of 37 degrees C warrants highest substrate turnover for all enzymes at all reaction times using fluorogens. Also applying chromogens the optimum temperature for beta Gal is 37 degrees C and depends for HRP and AP on the reaction time. The substrate turnover of HRP using ABTS as chromogen is much higher compared to the other enzymes--both related to mol enzyme (molar activity) and to gram enzyme (specific activity). The turnover decreases for all enzymes in different degrees after coupling to IgG. The turnover of fluorogenic substrates is lower for all enzymes than the turnover of chromogenic substrates but due to the more sensitive detection of fluorogenic products the detection limits for all conjugates were lowered too--especially for beta Gal-IgG by a factor of 333 compared to the colorimetric procedure. In a 2-site binding enzyme immunoassay for alpha-1 fetoprotein (AFP) the detection limit for AFP was reduced by a factor of 2 only by the fluorimetry compared to the colorimetry with all 3 marker enzymes. The HRP IgG conjugates warranted lowest detection limits for AFP (0.5-1 microgram/1), highest analytical sensitivity (slope of standard curves) at shortest periods of substrate reaction compared to the other enzymes. PMID- 3923121 TI - A gel casting technique allowing rapid and sensitive quantitation of antibodies by diffusion-in-gel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. AB - A technique is described which allows rapid and sensitive quantitation of antibodies by diffusion towards an antigen-coated surface through a gel of wedge shaped profile. A sensitivity of 0.16 micrograms antibody per ml solution was obtained after 45 min incubation with stirring at 22 degrees C and 0.08 micrograms/ml could be detected after 90 min incubation with stirring or with incubation at 37 degrees C. PMID- 3923122 TI - Purification of in vitro produced mouse monoclonal antibodies. A two-step procedure utilizing cation exchange chromatography and gel filtration. AB - A method for production of purified and concentrated mouse monoclonal antibodies was developed. The rationale for the procedure is, firstly, to expand hybridoma cell number in culture medium-containing serum; secondly, to transfer the cells to serum-free medium for production of antibodies; and finally, to harvest antibodies from the conditioned medium by means of cation exchange chromatography on SP-Sephadex C-50, followed by gel filtration on Superose 6B. When compared with chromatography of monoclonal antibodies on protein A-Sepharose our results suggest that the method is particularly useful for purification of antibodies of the IgG1 subclass. Experience from production and purification of 15 various monoclonal antibodies is reported. PMID- 3923123 TI - Radioimmunoassay of an analog of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone, [D Ser(tBu)]6des-Gly-NH2(10) ethylamide (Buserelin). AB - A sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay is described for plasma and urinary levels of [D-Ser(tBu)]6des-Gly-NH2(10) ethylamide (buserelin). No appreciable cross-reaction (less than 0.05%) was observed with LH-RH and its analogs other than buserelin fragments (1.6-45%). The sensitivity was 3 pg per tube. At buserelin concentrations of 125, 250 and 500 pg/ml, the intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation were 7.9, 10.0 and 10.0%, and 19.0, 7.8 and 6.8% respectively. Recovery of buserelin added to plasma was quantitative (62.5 pg/ml, 101.6%; 125 pg/ml, 76.8% and 250 pg/ml, 63.4%). A dose of 5 micrograms buserelin injected subcutaneously into 5 normal male adults, reached a peak plasma level in 45 min (mean value 119.3 +/- 47.3 pg/ml) and remained detectable for at least 4 h. The half disappearance time was 118.8 +/- 26.0 min. Between 9 and 16% of the administered dose was excreted in the urine within 24 h. Buserelin could also be detected in the plasma after intranasal administration of doses of 150, 300 and 450 micrograms. There was a significant difference in the area under the curve (AUC) for plasma levels after subcutaneous injection of 5 micrograms and intranasal administration of 150 micrograms, but not between the AUC values after the three intranasal doses. These results indicate that this method for radioimmunoassay of buserelin is suitable for analyzing the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of buserelin in man. PMID- 3923124 TI - A filter immuno-plaque assay for the detection of antibody-secreting cells in vitro. AB - A plaque assay has been developed that is based on enzyme immunoassay principles and capable of screening several hundred samples in one day. Single cell suspensions of in vivo or in vitro immunized mouse splenocytes are incubated on antigen-coated nitrocellulose membranes in microfilter plates or in petri dishes. The antibody production of individual cells is detected using a horse radish peroxidase-labeled second antibody, and the insoluble products of the enzymatic reaction are visualized as blue plaques on the membranes. The nitrocellulose membrane of the microfilter plates, which readily absorb a variety of antigens, and the filtration unit used for the washing steps greatly facilitates the plaque assay. Furthermore, this procedure only needs small amounts of antigen for the enumeration of isotype-specific antibody-secreting cells in a defined medium containing low protein levels or in a completely serum-free medium. The plaque assay may be used to evaluate the optimal conditions required for in vitro immunizations. PMID- 3923125 TI - Monoclonal hybridoma screening by analysis of immunoglobulin light chains. AB - A technique is described for the characterization of immunoglobulin light chains of hybridomas in culture. Immunoglobulins biosynthetically labelled with 14C are obtained from culture supernatants. Following complete reduction and alkylation light chains are separated from heavy chains and most other labelled contaminants by urea-formate gel electrophoresis. They are subsequently analyzed by isoelectric focusing using a simple transfer procedure. The method can be used to analyze up to 30 samples at a time and has a potential for the distinction of 750 light chains. The technique is especially useful (1) to determine the monoclonality of antibodies at an early stage in production, (2) to identify and classify antibodies having different structures but similar specificities, (3) to identify any alterations which may occur in quantity or quality of antibodies in long term culture, (4) to identify different hybridomas which produce antibodies of identical light chain subgroup. PMID- 3923126 TI - Release pattern of aminopeptidase from Biomphalaria glabrata hemocytes subjected to high-level bacterial challenge. PMID- 3923127 TI - Immunomodulatory and antiproliferative effect of recombinant alpha, beta, and gamma interferons on cultured human malignant squamous cell lines, SCL-1 and SW 1271. AB - Two different human malignant squamous cell lines (SCL-1 and SW-1271) and normal human foreskin fibroblasts were treated with recombinant human alpha, beta, and gamma interferons. HLA-DR expression was induced in a concentration-dependent fashion only on the SCL-1 cells treated with recombinant human gamma interferon (r-IFN-gamma) (10(2)-10(3) U/ml). No HLA-DR expression was observed with alpha or beta interferon on either malignant squamous cell line, nor with gamma interferon on SW-1271 cells. All three interferons reduced the number of malignant cells growing in culture but had no effect on the fibroblasts. There was a concentration-dependent growth-inhibitory response of the malignant cells by the interferons (dose range 1-10(3) U/ml; 7.1 X 10(-12) M to 7.1 X 10(-9) M). The SCL 1 cells were 10(2) more sensitive (based on weight) to the antiproliferative effects of gamma interferon than alpha or beta interferon. A brief (30-min) exposure of the SCL-1 cells to r-IFN-gamma (10(2) and 10(3) U/ml) produced approximately the same inhibition of cell growth as continuous exposure over a 2 week period. The SW-1271 cells were equally sensitive to alpha, beta, and gamma interferons. However, the maximal inhibitory effect on SW-1271 cells was less than that observed for the SCL-1 cells. Combining beta and gamma interferon resulted in cytotoxicity with SCL-1 cells and additive cytostatic effect on the SW-1271 cells. These additional malignant cell lines with their different sensitivities to alpha, beta, and gamma interferons may prove useful in studying the mechanisms of action of various interferons. PMID- 3923128 TI - Basement membrane and connective tissue proteins in early lesions of Kaposi's sarcoma associated with AIDS. AB - Nearly one-third of all young homosexual men diagnosed as having acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) develop a disseminated form of dermal Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). Although the histogenesis of KS cells is unclear, certain evidence suggests that the aberrant cells are of endothelial derivation. We have examined the presence and distribution of connective tissue-specific and basement membrane specific macromolecules by indirect immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase staining of frozen sections in early cutaneous lesions of KS from individuals with AIDS. The KS cells typically line the spaces between collagen bundles of the reticular dermis. When stained for the connective tissue-specific glycoprotein fibronectin, all Kaposi's sarcoma lesions showed an intense staining pattern, revealing a complex array of linear deposits of antigen that outlined the exterior surface of the collagen bundles. Antibodies to laminin and type IV collagen, both basement membrane-specific macromolecules, produced an intense staining pattern similar to that found with the anti-fibronectin antiserum, indicating that all 3 antigens are closely codistributed. In contrast, antibodies to type I collagen, the major collagen of the dermis, uniformly stained the collagen bundles in the KS lesions and in the normal control skin. Antiserum to factor VIII-associated antigen, an antigen specific to blood vascular endothelium, frequently stained the KS lesions but the staining pattern was diffuse and of variable intensity. The results suggest that KS cells are derived from the endothelium of the blood microvasculature and maintain their secretory phenotype of secreting basement membrane-specific macromolecules. PMID- 3923129 TI - Characterization of monoclonal antibodies protecting mice against Rickettsia rickettsii. AB - Hybridomas producing monoclonal antibodies to Rickettsia rickettsii were prepared from mice to investigate the function of rickettsial antigens. Of the 31 reactive hybridoma lines thus far tested for immunoglobulin subclasses, 11 belonged to the IgG2A subclass, 9 to the IgG2B subclass, and 7 to the IgG3 subclass; four did not react with any of the isotyping sera. Five of the antibodies recognized epitopes present on molecules that were presumed to be polysaccharide and heterogeneous in molecular weight. Twenty monoclonal antibodies reacted with a 170,000-dalton antigen, and six precipitated both the 133,000- and 32,000-dalton polypeptides. Only those antibodies to the 170,000- and 133,000-dalton antigens protected mice from challenge with R. rickettsii. Antibodies to these same antigens were detected in sera from patients convalescing from Rocky Mountain spotted fever. All monoclonal antibodies reacted with antigens apparently located on the rickettsial surface. The protective activity of these antibodies was not correlated with their reactivity in complement fixation, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and immunofluorescence tests. PMID- 3923130 TI - Isolation of an antibacterial peptide from human lung lavage fluid. AB - The contribution of extracellular secretions to the antibacterial defenses of the lungs remains poorly defined. Recent studies have demonstrated that mouse and rabbit bronchoalveolar washings contain a low-molecular-weight peptide that has antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli. In this study we investigated whether a similar peptide could be identified in human secretions. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was obtained from normal volunteers and patients with interstitial lung disease or pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. Cellular material and surfactant lipids were removed from the fluid by sequential centrifugations, and the supernatant was fractionated by exclusion filtration to isolate peptides with a molecular weight less than 10,000. Gel filtration chromatography separated the ultrafiltrate into several peaks, the first of which had antibacterial activity against E. coli. This material was further separated into several hydrophilic peaks by reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography (RPHPLC). All samples had similar RPHPLC graphs. Material from the third RPHPLC peak produced an antibacterial effect similar to that produced by the rabbit and mouse peptide. PMID- 3923131 TI - [Detection of urinary Legionella antigen by radioimmunoassay. 1. Method and basic studies]. PMID- 3923132 TI - [Production of leukocidin of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from patients and environmental specimens]. PMID- 3923133 TI - [Anti-leukocidin antibody in sera of patients with diffuse panbronchiolitis]. PMID- 3923134 TI - [Antibody activities against opportunistic pathogens and complement dependent bacteriolytic activity of sulfonated immunoglobulin]. PMID- 3923135 TI - [Isolation of Clostridium difficile from specimens other than stool]. PMID- 3923136 TI - [A case of subphrenic abscess caused by Streptococcus agalactiae in poorly controlled diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 3923137 TI - [Detection of urinary Legionella antigen by radioimmunoassay. 2. A clinical case]. PMID- 3923138 TI - [Nutritional and immunological status of patients requiring cardiac surgery]. PMID- 3923139 TI - [An experimental study on malnutritional influences on cardiac function in dogs during chronic volume overloading]. PMID- 3923140 TI - [Monitoring of follicles by ultrasonography during induction with HMG-HCG treatment--especially on the prevention of side effects]. AB - Estrogen levels are a useful indicator to use in predicting of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) which is one of the side effects of HMG-HCG therapy. However, the quantitative assay of estrogens entails cumbersome time consuming procedures. The present study represents our attempt to establish criteria for predicting the occurrence of OHSS by the use of ultrasonography (USG), a diagnostic procedure that can be performed quickly and conveniently. The subjects were 40 anovulatory women (79 cycles) receiving HMG-HCG therapy. Each patient had USG performed at the time of switching to HCG in a regimen of sequentially administered gonadotropins and was measured for maximum follicular diameter (FD) and total of vertical follicular area (FA) to correlate measurements of these parameters with simultaneously determined serum estradiol (E2) levels. A study was also made of relationships of FD and FA with ovulation and OHSS. The results are summarized as follows: No distinct correlation was observed between FD and E2 (r = 0.3794). It should be noted, however, that the therapy was successful in inducing ovulation in those cases in which the patient was switched to HCG from HMG when FD was 18mm or above. There was a significant correlation between FA and E2 (r = 0.8113, p less than 0.001). FA was thus proven to well reflect E2 levels and hence to be a parameter of the predictive value for OHSS. All but one (with moderate OHSS) of 26 cases showing evidence of OHSS had FA values of more than 6.0cm2, while those developing severe OHSS invariably.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3923141 TI - Purification and characterization of placental plasminogen activator (PPA). AB - The plasminogen activator exists in the human placenta (PPA) as a reversible complex with its inhibitor (UKI). Plasminogen activating activity appeared resulting from the separation of UKI from PPA-UKI complex through UK-Sepharose or UK-Affi Gel 10 affinity chromatography. This crude PPA was purified through gel filtration on Sephadex G-150 and DEAE-Sephacel column chromatography. The purified PPA was obtained at a rate of 25 micrograms from one placenta, the specific PA activity of which was 21, 071 IU/mg-protein. The molecular weight of PPA was estimated at about 65,000 (unreduced) by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. PPA did not react to the anti-UK serum and UK did not react to the anti-PPA serum. It is revealed that PPA has a smaller influence on fibrinogenolysis than UK does. PPA is a new plasminogen activator in the human placenta, which has different properties from UK biologically and immunologically. It is speculated that in the near future PPA will be one of the tissue activators in thrombolytic therapy for thrombotic diseases including toxemia. We note that the measurement of the plasma PPA level is useful as one of the marker proteins of placental function and malignant tumors. PMID- 3923142 TI - [Current topics in hormone therapy]. PMID- 3923143 TI - [Medical treatment of endometriosis]. PMID- 3923144 TI - [Educational lecture on diarrhea and malabsorption syndrome]. PMID- 3923145 TI - Amplification of primary response of human platelets to platelet-activating factor: aspirin-sensitive and aspirin-insensitive pathways. AB - The irreversible human platelet aggregation induced by threshold concentrations of platelet-activating factor (PAF) in citrated plasma was reversed by aspirin (100 mumol/L, with 10 minutes' preincubation). The aspirin-sensitive amplification was linked to thromboxane generation, although thromboxane could be successfully replaced by cyclic endoperoxides, as suggested by the lack of effect of dazoxiben, a selective thromboxane-synthase inhibitor. The inhibitory effect of aspirin could be overcome by using 10 times higher PAF concentrations or, even more effectively, by combining threshold concentrations of both PAF and one of the other agonists studied (ADP, epinephrine, and U-46619, a stable endoperoxide analog, but not serotonin). The irreversible response obtained in both experimental conditions could also be made reversible by the use of BW 755C or nordihydroguaiaretic acid, inhibitors of both cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase. It is concluded that the aspirin-sensitive pathway is sufficient but not necessary to amplify the primary response of human platelets to PAF. These data may be relevant to the current debate on the efficacy of aspirin in thrombosis prevention. PMID- 3923146 TI - Tissue plasminogen activator inhibitor in human plasma: development of a functional assay system and demonstration of a correlating Mr = 50,000 antiactivator. AB - An assay system for determination of the "fast"-acting inhibitor (antiactivator, AA) of tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) in human plasma was developed. The system is based on incubation of plasma samples with various amounts of vessel wall-derived tPA for 8 minutes at 25 degrees C, followed by acidification and determination of the residual tPA activity by an indirect spectrophotometric assay. One unit of AA was defined as the amount inhibiting 1 U of tPA. AA levels in normal controls (n = 26) were 1.4 to 17.4 U/ml (median 3.0 U/ml) and 0.9 to 17.5 U/ml (median 3.0 U/ml) in patients with a history of deep venous thrombosis (n = 26). When plasma was subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by reverse fibrin autography, AA activity appeared as an inhibitory band corresponding to a relative molecular mass of 50,000. In six samples the inhibitory activity of this band was directly correlated to the functional AA activity of the plasma samples. PMID- 3923147 TI - Differential response of urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase to two osmotic diuretics in the dog. AB - Urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), a lysosomal hydrolase located the proximal tubule of the kidney, has been used as a marker for subtle renal injury. In humans and other animals with diabetes mellitus, urinary NAG activity has been shown to increase within 12 hours of the onset of hyperglycemia and glycosuria. Whether the rise in urinary NAG activity is in response to the hyperglycemia or to the osmotic diuresis associated with glycosuria is not known, nor has the time course of the rise in enzyme activity been determined. A study was designed using four groups of dogs to examine these possibilities: group 1 (n = 5), control dogs; group 2 (n = 5), mannitol-infused dogs; group 3 (n = 5), low-glucose dogs; and group 4 (n = 5), high-glucose dogs. In groups 2 and 4, mannitol and glucose, respectively, were infused at a rate to double urine flow from the left ureter without altering the contralateral urine volume. In group 3, sufficient glucose was infused to elevate left renal vein glucose level without producing glycosuria. In the control dogs infused with normal saline solution at a constant rate throughout the control and study periods, no differences were found in urinary NAG excretion when data from individual clearance periods were compared for the right and left kidneys. In the low-glucose dogs, urinary NAG/creatinine ratios were significantly increased (P less than 0.01) when the left and right kidneys were compared for the duration of the infusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3923148 TI - Medicare rate setting and its problems. A fixed price per bundled product. PMID- 3923149 TI - Physiological control of growth hormone secretion by thyrotrophin-releasing hormone in the domestic fowl. AB - Immature cockerels (4- to 5-weeks old) were passively immunized, with antiserum raised in sheep, against thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH). The administration of TRH antiserum (anti-TRH) at doses of 0.5, 1.0 or 2.0 ml/kg lowered, within 1 h, the basal concentration of plasma GH for at least 24 h. The administration of normal sheep serum had no significant effect on the GH concentration in control birds. Although the GH response to TRH (1.0 or 10.0 micrograms/kg) was not impaired in birds treated 1 h previously with anti-TRH, prior incubation (at 39 degrees C for 1 h) of TRH (20 micrograms/ml) with an equal volume of anti-TRH completely suppressed the stimulatory effect of TRH (10 micrograms/kg) on GH secretion in vivo. These results suggest that TRH is physiologically involved in the hypothalamic control of GH secretion in the domestic fowl. PMID- 3923150 TI - Gonadotrophin excretion in fertile women: effect of age and the onset of the menopausal transition. AB - In normal women the menopausal transition starts typically with a sudden break in regular menstrual cyclicity: gonadotrophin levels escape from the cyclical pattern characteristic of fertile women and increasingly rise into the postmenopausal range. An investigation was undertaken to determine whether this rise precedes the first appearance of ovarian dysfunction. Weekly urine samples for the measurement of FSH, LH and pregnanediol were collected from 100 women, all of whom had regular 20- to 35-day menstrual cycles (504 samples from 48 women aged 20-39 years and 620 samples from 52 women aged 40-48 years; 96.8% of these cycles were shown to be ovulatory). Excretion rates of FSH in excess of 5 i.u./24 h occurred more often in women aged greater than or equal to 40 years than in younger women (incidence, 31.5 cf. 19.5%; P less than 0.001). The difference was greatest at the time of the perimenstruum (7-day incidence, 32.5 cf. 13.9%) and declined to insignificance during the mid-cycle gonadotrophin surge (7-day incidence, 44.2 cf. 34.8%). Examination of the rank correlation between age and gonadotrophin excretion confirmed the age-related rise in FSH and identified a lesser but significant perimenstrual rise in LH. For both FSH and LH these changes were small compared with the increases observed in nine women presumed to have reached the menopausal transition during the trial (incidence FSH greater than or equal to 5 i.u./24 h, 60.6%; incidence LH greater than or equal to 5 i.u./24 h, 48.6%). It is concluded that in fertile women there is evidence of an age-related rise in FSH which is distinct from the changes occurring at the start of the menopausal transition. PMID- 3923151 TI - [Methods and clinical evaluation of a new enzyme immunologic method for determination of thyroxin binding globulin (TBG) and T4/TBG quotient: a multicenter study]. AB - A heterogeneous enzyme immunoassay for the determination of thyroxine binding globulin (TBG) was developed and assessed in clinical trials in 12 laboratories. The assay is based on the competition principle and employs plastic tubes coated with goat anti-TBG. CV's between 1.4-8.9% for intra-assay precision and 2.9-8.6% for inter-assay precision were found over the concentration range of 4-40 mg/l TBG. In comparative studies using highly purified TBG as standard, values with Enzymun-Test TBG were found to be on average 30% lower than those obtained by various TBG-RIAs. A broad-base study, to determine reference values, was carried out on a group of control persons 18 to 50 years old without previous history of thyroid disease. This study revealed a median of 14.33 mg/l TBG, with 95% of all values between 9.6 and 18.5 mg/l TBG. The median in women of 14.5 mg/l TBG was significantly higher than in men (13.4 mg/l TBG). TBG values in hyperthyroid patients were within the reference range while those in hypothyroid individuals were elevated. Highly elevated TBG values were seen in women receiving oestrogen (median: 22.2 mg/l TBG) and in pregnant women (median: 28.5 mg/l TBG). The T4/TBG ratios made it possible to distinguish between euthyroid, hyperthyroid and hypothyroic subjects (median: 4.9, 11.3 and 1.0, respectively). These ratios were significantly lower in pregnant women (median: 3.1) than in the control persons. PMID- 3923152 TI - Seasonal changes in the concentrations of plasma gonadotropins and prolactin in wild mallard drakes. AB - Seasonal changes in the concentrations of plasma luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and prolactin were measured in serial samples taken from seven captive wild mallard drakes exposed to natural lighting and temperature in Kiel, West Germany (54 degrees N), for 20 months. The seasonal pattern of plasma LH levels was characterized by high titers during the reproductive phase in the spring, a steep decrease toward the end of this phase (May/June), low levels during the summer, and a second annual peak in the fall. Plasma FSH levels increased during February and March, the period of rapid testicular growth, and reached the highest values at the end of March/beginning of April. Later in the spring FSH levels decreased and remained low for the rest of the year. The concentrations of plasma prolactin increased progressively during April and May, reaching their highest values at the end of the breeding season, coinciding with the steep fall in the levels of plasma gonadotropins. Prolactin concentrations fell during July and August and were at their lowest level in the autumn. It is concluded that the development of photorefractoriness is associated with an increase in the concentrations of plasma prolactin. PMID- 3923153 TI - Is there a limit on in situ, genomic replication in Drosophila? AB - The number of genomic replications of four separate tissues was determined in Drosophila melanogaster by summing the total number of nuclei and the maximum amount of DNA per nucleus in each tissue. It was found that for a given tissue the total number of nuclei was generally inversely proportional to the maximum amount of DNA per nucleus. In addition the sum of the number of divisions giving rise to the nuclei and the number of DNA replications occurring in the nucleus in each tissue never exceeded 20. PMID- 3923154 TI - [Abnormalities of the hypothalamo-pituitary axis in Addison's disease--a case report]. PMID- 3923155 TI - Identification of caprine arthritis-encephalitis retrovirus proteins in immunodiffusion precipitin lines. AB - Precipitin lines formed between serum from a goat infected with caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV) and radiolabelled viral proteins in polyethylene glycol concentrated culture medium were excised from immunodiffusion (ID) plates and analysed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The two major precipitin lines contained the 135 000 mol. wt. glycoprotein (gp 135) and the internal 28 000 mol. wt. structural protein (p28). This method obviates the use of purified proteins or monospecific antisera to positively determine viral constituents in ID precipitin lines formed between a crude antigen preparation and antiserum against whole virus. PMID- 3923156 TI - An ex vivo method for evaluating prostaglandin synthetase activity in cortical slices of mouse brain. AB - The release of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) from cortical slices of mice into incubation medium is followed for 3 h and compared to PGE2 levels in the corresponding slice. Immediately after decapitation, the rate of PGE2 released into the incubation medium is elevated and a steady low rate of spontaneous release is gained within 1-2 h of incubation. PGE2 synthesis and release is blocked in a dose-dependent manner by either indomethacin (3 X 10(-6) -3 X 10(-4) M) or flufenamic acid (2.6 X 10(-6) M) either when added in vitro or administered in vivo. Full recovery of PGE2 synthesis is reached after 3 h incubation of slices following in vivo administration of indomethacin. In vivo administration of flufenamic acid results in prolonged inhibition of PGE2 released in vitro. The inhibition of PGE2 released by indomethacin is also correlated with the slice PGE2 content. Administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a known activator of phospholipase A2, results in a fivefold increase in PGE2 and a twofold increase in 6-keto-PGF1 alpha released into the medium. The release of thromboxane B2 is not affected by LPS. PMID- 3923157 TI - Evidence that [3H]dopamine is taken up and released from nondopaminergic nerve terminals in the rat substantia nigra in vitro. AB - Potassium chloride (25 mM) and (+)-amphetamine (100 microM) both stimulated the release of radioactivity from slices of substantia nigra preincubated with [3H]3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine [( 3H]dopamine). Potassium chloride (25 mM) released radioactivity from slices of both zona compacta and zona reticulata. Prior 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesions of one nigrostriatal pathway did not reduce the spontaneous release of radioactivity, or the potassium chloride- or amphetamine-induced release of radioactivity from slices of nigra ipsilateral to the lesion after preincubation with [3H]dopamine. The accumulation of radioactivity following incubation of nigral slices from 6-OHDA-lesioned animals with [3H]dopamine was increased when compared to uptake into slices from intact tissue. In synaptosomal preparations of striatum, nomifensine but not desipramine or fluoxetine inhibited [3H]dopamine uptake. In contrast, nomifensine, desipramine, and fluoxetine all inhibited [3H]dopamine uptake in nigral synaptosomal preparations. Following 6-OHDA lesions of one nigrostriatal pathway the uptake of [3H]dopamine into nigral synaptosomal preparations was unchanged but uptake into striatal preparations was substantially decreased. In contrast, bilateral electrolesions of the dorsal and medial raphe nuclei reduced [3H]dopamine uptake into nigral preparations but not into striatal synaptosomes. The uptake of [3H]5-hydroxytryptamine ([3H]5-HT) into synaptosomal preparations of substantia nigra was abolished by fluoxetine and reduced by desipramine, but was unaffected by nomifensine. In contrast, fluoxetine, desipramine, and nomifensine all inhibited [3H]5-HT uptake into striatal synaptosomal preparations. Following 6-OHDA lesions of one nigro-striatal pathway the uptake of [3H]5-HT into nigral synaptosomal preparations was unchanged but uptake into striatal preparations was reduced.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3923159 TI - Triphasic spike-wave stupor in portal-systemic encephalopathy: a case report. PMID- 3923158 TI - The interaction of denzimol (a new anticonvulsant) with carbamazepine and phenytoin. AB - Denzimol, a new anticonvulsant drug, is currently undergoing clinical evaluation. In this paper we report its use in six patients who were also taking carbamazepine and two patients taking phenytoin. There was a striking elevation of serum carbamazepine, carbamazepine-10, 11 epoxide and phenytoin concentrations in all patients on the addition of denzimol therapy. The interaction with carbamazepine is greater in severity than any other reported to date and denzimol's interaction with both carbamazepine and phenytoin is likely to prove of major clinical significance. PMID- 3923160 TI - Intrathecal thyrotropin-releasing hormone therapy of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. AB - Six patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis were given from 800 to 4000 micrograms of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) intrathecally for a period of 2 6 months. The progressive course of this disease, manifested by increasing atrophy, paralysis and disability score, was not altered. This supports the hypothesis that the decrease in TRH content in the anterior horn region is secondary to the cellular destruction. TRH appears to play no significant role in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. PMID- 3923161 TI - Complications and management of implanted venous access catheters. AB - A totally implanted subclavian venous access system composed of a reservoir and silastic catheter was employed in 92 patients receiving infusion chemotherapy and/or hyperalimentation. The major catheter complication was subclavian or jugular vein thrombosis observed in 15 patients (16%). Thrombosis was observed in the ipsilateral subclavian or jugular vein surrounding the catheter without restricting function, except in two patients with thrombosis in the vein at the end of the catheter. Prophylaxis with low-dose Coumadin was effective in preventing thrombosis in high-risk patients as defined by a history of prior thrombosis. Streptokinase and/or heparin relieved the signs and symptoms of thrombosis, but clot dissolution or reversal of collateral flow was not observed. Explantation of the catheter was not necessary in all patients in that embolic complications of the thrombosis were not observed, and the system was retained and functioned in five patients in spite of the presence of thrombosis around the catheter. Other complications of the implanted system include "pocket" infection, catheter migration, and occlusion. Most complications may be managed without obligate catheter removal. PMID- 3923162 TI - Carcinoma-associated hemolytic-uremic syndrome: a complication of mitomycin C chemotherapy. AB - A thrombotic microangiopathy resembling the hemolytic uremic syndrome was diagnosed in 12 patients with adenocarcinoma, in whom the tumor was in complete or near-complete remission after treatment with mitomycin C-containing drug regimens. Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and renal failure were initially present in all cases. All patients eventually developed pulmonary edema and systemic arterial hypertension, and three experienced neurologic complications. Blood transfusions exacerbated the syndrome in nine patients. High titers of platelet-aggregating plasma immune complexes were present in all six cases in which they were measured. The constituent antibody of each complex failed to react with mitomycin C antigen preparations, whereas in vitro reactivity to endodermally derived neoplasms was demonstrated. Plasmapheresis was associated with amelioration of the syndrome in only one patient. In patients receiving mitomycin C chemotherapy, the development of anemia and thrombocytopenia or azotemia may represent the initial manifestations of this newly defined thrombotic microangiopathy. A consistently effective form of management of this syndrome has not as yet been defined. PMID- 3923164 TI - Antagonism of arginine by excess dietary lysine in the growing dog. AB - Experiments were conducted with growing English Pointer puppies to examine the effects of ingesting excess lysine. A purified crystalline amino acid basal diet containing 0.40% L-arginine (the arginine requirement for maximal weight gain) and 0.91% L-lysine was fed in all assays. All diets were kept isonitrogenous by the addition of diammonium citrate, and lysine was supplied as L-lysine acetate. Both weight gain and gain/feed were reduced in the presence of 4% excess dietary lysine. However, 1 and 2% excess supplemental lysine had no effect on performance. In a second experiment, a growth response to supplemental arginine was obtained in the presence, but not in the absence, of a growth-depressing level of lysine (4%). Therefore, lysine appeared to depress growth by antagonizing arginine. The mechanism of the lysine-arginine antagonism was examined in a third experiment. Classic signs of arginine deficiency: orotic aciduria, depressed urea formation, hyperammonemia, a reduction in weight gain, and emesis were observed in puppies consuming excess lysine but not in their pair fed controls. Excess lysine ingestion neither inhibited nor induced liver arginase, but it did result in a generalized amino aciduria early in the experiment. In addition, lysine did not appear to affect arginine absorption. Therefore, the mechanism behind the lysine-arginine antagonism in the dog remains to be elucidated. PMID- 3923163 TI - The lysine requirement of young growing male guinea pigs. AB - The lysine requirement of young, growing male guinea pigs was investigated by using crystalline amino acid diets containing 3.58% nitrogen. One hundred eighty seven 3-wk-old guinea pigs were fed one of 10 crystalline amino acid diets ranging from 0.4 to 2.0% lysine or the control diet consisting of 30% casein in four 21-d performance trials. Diets were evaluated on the basis of changes in body weight, nitrogen retention, carcass weight, gastrointestinal tract weight, liver weight, hematocrit and hemoglobin plus carcass weight, gastrointestinal tract weight and liver weight as percentages of live body weight. A 0.7% dietary lysine level (0.875% lysine X HCl) was the lowest that gave results similar to those attained when casein or higher levels of lysine were fed. PMID- 3923165 TI - Influence of selected amino acid deficiencies on somatomedin, growth and glycosaminoglycan metabolism in weanling rats. AB - The effects of lysine-, methionine- or histidine-deficient diets compared to a control diet fed ad libitum or 15, 10 or 5 g/d were studied in weanling rats. Feed intake was 5-7 g/d for the amino acid-deficient animals. After 3 wk, all amino acid-deficient rats had lost more weight (P less than 0.01) than the controls fed at comparable energy levels. Serum somatomedin (Sm) activity was significantly decreased in lysine- (0.55 U/ml), methionine- (0.32 U/ml) and histidine-deficient (0.38 U/ml) rats compared to rats fed the control diet ad libitum (1.6 U/ml). Differences between amino acid-deficient and calorie restricted animals were not significant. A similar response was observed in 35SO4 uptake by cartilage glycosaminoglycans (GAG). Caloric restriction and amino acid deficiency each resulted in lower 35SO4 uptake by cartilage GAG than occurred with ad libitum feeding, but there were no significant differences between the rats fed amino acid-deficient diets and those fed 5 or 10 g of the control diet. Compared to rats fed the control diet ad libitum, plasma growth hormone (GH) concentrations were lower in the rats fed 5 or 10 g of control diet per day and in those fed amino acid-deficient diets (P less than 0.05), but GH concentrations were not consistent with the growth retardation observed. The results confirm that Sm and GAG activities are reduced in protein-energy restriction independent of GH. However, changes could not be attributed to specific deficiencies of lysine, methionine and/or histidine. PMID- 3923166 TI - Effects of fasting on luteinizing hormone dynamics in the male rat. AB - It is well known that reproductive function is impaired in humans and animals when nutrient intake is inadequate. Fasting, one of the most severe nutritional insults, has been used experimentally to identify the major effects of nutritional deficiencies on reproductive processes. In the rat, circulating reproductive hormone concentrations are reduced during fasting. Although decreased luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) secretion from the hypothalamus may be responsible for the lower serum concentrations of reproductive hormones, pituitary and testicular function of fasted rats have not been considered in detail. We studied the luteinizing hormone (LH) dynamics (storage, secretion, circulation and excretion) in the male rat to determine if fasting alters the responsiveness of the testes or the pituitary to hormonal stimulation. Our results indicate that after a 4-d fast: 1) serum LH and testosterone (T) concentrations are reduced (P less than or equal to 0.001); 2) hypothalamic LHRH, pituitary LH and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) concentrations are unaffected, but testicular T content is reduced (P less than or equal to 0.001); 3) urine output of LH and FSH are reduced (P less than or equal to 0.001); 4) in vitro and in vivo LH responses of the pituitary to LHRH are not affected; and 5) hCG-stimulated in vitro T production by the testis is not affected. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that fasting inhibits LHRH secretion. PMID- 3923167 TI - Effects of total parenteral nutrition on luteinizing hormone dynamics in the male rat. AB - During severe nutritional deficiency, secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) from the pituitary and testosterone from the testes are reduced, suggesting that adequate nutrient intake is important in maintaining normal plasma concentrations of reproductive hormones. A model system that employs controlled delivery of chemically defined diets and is low in stress would be helpful in studying the role of nutrients in the maintenance of the reproductive endocrine integrity. The procedures of the rat total parenteral nutrition (TPN) model previously developed by others were modified to help reduce the stress associated with the surgery and restraint necessary to provide nutrients by direct infusion into the veins. Plasma and urine LH concentrations were studied in adult male rats maintained by TPN 4-6 d. Rats fed by TPN and control rats had near equal body weight gains, plasma LH concentrations and LH responses to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) after 6 d of study. LH excretion was significantly greater during infusions of TPN than during pre- or post-infusion periods (P less than or equal to 0.001), but this hypergonadotropinuria appeared to be related to the increased urine output rather than the TPN. These results indicate that the rat TPN model may be useful in the further study of nutritional involvement in reproductive processes. PMID- 3923168 TI - Sjogren's syndrome in a male with fatal complications. PMID- 3923169 TI - Diabetes mellitus and associated oral manifestations: a review. AB - Oral research concerning diabetes mellitus has revealed a number of clinical implications. These include, among others, the need for more intense management of the diabetic patient with periodontal disease because tissue destruction may be accelerated, the need for rapid control of oral infection in these patients in order to prevent exacerbation of the existing metabolic imbalance, and the desirability of performing a screening for diabetes mellitus on all patients exhibiting asymptomatic parotid enlargement. Despite the explosion of knowledge concerning diabetes mellitus that has occurred since the discovery of insulin, its definitive etiology continues to elude the scientific community and its treatment remains in the realm of clinical management rather than in that of prevention and cure. In the past, research on diabetes has focused on the role of insulin in seeking the fundamental etiology of diabetes and its complications. With the progression of research, it has become apparent that the initiation and progression of the disease probably involve the interplay of a multiplicity of factors. Hereditary and immunologic factors, as suggested earlier, appear to be operated on by environmental factors, subsequently altering the body's metabolic milieu with widespread primary and secondary effects. Fertile areas for future oral research in diabetes mellitus will include, therefore, genetics, immunology, enzymology, and basement membrane pathology. On the cellular and molecular levels, particularly, the oral cavity and associated structures comprise a somewhat under-investigated area in diabetes mellitus research and, thus, hold great promise for increasing our knowledge of this complex disease. PMID- 3923170 TI - Multiple myeloma with initial presentation in the jaw: a clinical-pathologic discussion. AB - A 39-year-old white female presented with jaw pain initially interpreted as a manifestation of an odontogenic infection. Mandibular radiographs revealed lytic lesions suggesting a diagnosis of myeloma, which was subsequently confirmed by abnormalities in serum and urinary proteins and in bone marrow. Chemotherapy produced a transient response, but eventual relapse with extramedullary plasmacytomas and plasma cell leukemia led to death. The clinicopathologic implications of this case are presented and discussed. PMID- 3923171 TI - The pathological significance of Langerhans cells in oral cancer. AB - The functional role of Langerhans cells (LCs) in oral cancer was studied, based on a quantitative analysis of LCs in squamous cell carcinomas arising from the tongue. LCs were identified by their positiveness for S100-protein and other cytological characters based on PAP method. LCs increased in number in the cancer region and showed an intimate relationship with lymphocytes in terms of their number and distribution. Moreover, in those cases with many LCs, clusters consisting of LCs and lymphocytes were often found to combine into "hydropic degeneration-like" lesions as seen in allergic disease such as dermal lichen planus. These findings, as well as the review of literature, suggested some immunological role of LCs in oral carcinoma. PMID- 3923172 TI - Glycosaminoglycans in myxoma of the jaw: a biochemical study. AB - Myxoma of the jaw is classified as an odontogenic tumor although final proof for an odontogenic origin is lacking. In the present study glycosaminoglycans (GAG's) in the extracellular matrix of a jaw myxoma were analyzed and compared with known data on GAG's in dental tissues. It was noted that the GAG's formed approximately 1% of the total tumor weight and 17% of the dry weight. Hyaluronic acid formed 72.4% of the GAG-fraction. Neither this high GAG-content nor the high fraction of hyaluronic acid are found in dental tissues and it is concluded that the myxoma matrix differs from the matrix in dental pulp and periodontal ligament. PMID- 3923173 TI - Basement membrane confinement of epithelial tumor islands in benign and malignant ameloblastomas. AB - The extent of basement membrane confinement among 5 cases of ameloblastoma and a malignant counterpart were studied by immunohistochemistry. For these studies, antibodies to 2 basement membrane components, Type IV collagen and laminin, were studied by immunohistochemistry. Our results show that the tumor islands of ameloblastomas are circumferentially delineated by a linear staining to both antibasement membrane antibodies, and that these findings were consistent for all of the patterns of ameloblastoma investigated. These data suggest that ameloblastomas spread into tissue spaces by expanding their compartmental volumes rather than by secreting proteinases that disrupt their basement membranes compartmental barriers. In contrast, the single case of malignant ameloblastoma investigated was not delineated by circumferential linear basement membrane components. However, this tumor and all of its metastases did contain numerous focal areas of Type IV collagen and laminin immunoreactive materials. Collectively, these studies indicate that the use of specific antibodies to basement membrane components may help to differentiate ameloblastomas from malignant lesions. PMID- 3923174 TI - Immunohistochemical observation of EGF and NGF in submandibular glands after duct ligation with or without testosterone administration. AB - Immunohistochemical detection of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) was carried out in duct-ligated submandibular glands (SMG) of mice with or without testosterone treatment. High levels of EGF and NGF were limited to granular convoluted tubule (GCT) cells in normal adult male mice, and reduced levels were evident in the female. After duct ligation, EGF and NGF stainings began to decrease on the 2nd or 3rd day, and by the 10th day, no staining was detectable. Decreasing levels of EGF and NGF following duct ligation, were more pronounced in the male SMG than in the female. Testosterone administration before ligation resulted in decreased EGF and NGF levels of staining; however, staining of sections on the 1st and 3rd day was a little stronger than comparable stained sections of untreated mice. In contrast, testosterone administration after duct ligation showed GCT cells of normal size with some degranulation at 10 days and irregular staining of growth factors with varying degrees of degranulation at 14 days. Histochemical staining for EGF and NGF in this group was marked, as in the normal, until the 10th day with decreasing reactions by the 14th day. PMID- 3923175 TI - A simplified method for culture of oral epithelial cells. AB - In order to facilitate studies on oral mucosa a simplified method for the culture of oral epithelial cells from adult hamsters was developed. Cheek pouches were excised and epithelial cells isolated by collagenase digestion. These were grown in CM-V medium containing spermine in order to inhibit overgrowth of the epithelial cells by fibroblasts. The epithelial cells were subcultured by routine tissue culture procedures. The cells isolated were examined by light microscopy and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Morphologically the cells were typical of epithelial cells. Ultrastructural examination showed structures typical of epithelia including filaments, keratohyalin granules and desmosomal junctions. The culture system provides epithelial cells that can be used for a variety of biochemical and morphological studies. PMID- 3923176 TI - Treatment of congestive heart failure by altering loading conditions of the heart. AB - We have not emphasized the traditional approaches to the treatment of congestive heart failure, because there is abundant literature detailing the importance of rest and comfort for the patient, reduction of solute load, and administration of digitalis and diuretics. Instead, we have sought to emphasize the therapeutic interventions that are aimed at changing the mechanical loading conditions of the heart. Treatment expectations must be viewed within an age- or maturity-dependent framework. Thus, when a preterm or full-term newborn infant requires cardiocirculatory support, diminished cardiac reserve limits the benefits derived from diverse treatment methods. This unique fragility of the developing heart and circulation places a premium on the astute manipulation of all of the factors that determine optimum cardiovascular adaptation to stress. Beyond infancy, although cardiovascular reserve increases, it remains imperative to modify therapy by using cardioactive drugs that deal specifically with the separate mechanical and contractile variables to assure optimum survival. PMID- 3923177 TI - Biotin deficiency complicating parenteral alimentation: diagnosis, metabolic repercussions, and treatment. AB - Biotin deficiency associated with total parenteral nutrition is an emerging clinical problem; criteria for diagnosis and dosage for treatment are unclear. We have diagnosed and successfully treated biotin deficiency in three patients. Each patient had alopecia totalis, hypotonia, and developmental delay. Two developed the characteristic scaly periorificial dermatitis; one had only an intermittent scaly rash on the cheeks and occipital scalp. Zinc and essential fatty acid supplements were adequate; serum zinc levels and triene/tetraene ratios confirmed sufficiency of these nutrients. None of the patients received biotin prior to diagnosis, and each had decreased excretion of urinary biotin and increased urinary excretion of organic acids diagnostic of deficiency of two biotin dependent enzymes (methylcrotonyl-coenzyme A carboxylase and priopionyl-coenzyme A carboxylase). Only one patient had a plasma biotin concentration below the normal range (Ochromonicas danica assay). The rash, alopecia, and neurologic findings responded dramatically to biotin therapy (100 micrograms/day in all patients; an initial larger dose of 1 mg/day for 1 week plus 10 mg/day for 7 weeks in one patient), and did not recur. However, abnormal organic acid excretion persisted in one patient who did not receive the larger dose. We conclude that plasma biotin concentration does not reflect biotin status in all cases and speculate that the biotin supplement currently recommended for pediatric patients (20 micrograms/day) may not be adequate therapy for biotin deficiency and might not even be adequate to maintain normal biotin status during TPN. PMID- 3923178 TI - Effect of breast-feeding vs formula-feeding on circulating thyroxine levels in premature infants. PMID- 3923179 TI - Urinary tract infections in childhood: an update. AB - Although controversies remain regarding the definition, diagnosis, and management of urinary tract infections, such infections can pose a major risk to a child's well-being. Bacteriuria or recurrent urinary tract infections often pose difficult management problems. Symptomatic and asymptomatic bacteriuria during infancy are generally characterized by a benign outcome. In some children repeated episodes and, possibly, renal scarring result. The prognosis in young boys may be guarded if neonatal bacteriuria, with or without symptoms, occurs in the presence of anatomic defects. Although a variety of pathogens have been identified as causing urinary tract infections, Enterobacteriaceae are usually the cause of initial uncomplicated lower tract infections. Accepted therapy for such infections is reviewed, as are the combination therapies used for hospitalized patients with upper tract infections. An investigation of piperacillin, a new, extended-spectrum acylaminopenicillin, raises the hope that it may provide effective monotherapy for upper tract infections. The criteria for selecting patients who require radiologic evaluation in the management of urinary tract infections are reviewed. PMID- 3923180 TI - Effect of antibiotic therapy on the clinical course of streptococcal pharyngitis. AB - We examined the effect of antibiotic therapy on the clinical course of group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal (GABHS) pharyngitis in 260 children. After a throat culture had been obtained, each child was evaluated for the presence of predetermined signs and symptoms, and was then randomized in a double-blind manner to receive penicillin V, cefadroxil, or placebo. Of the 194 children with throat cultures positive for GABHS, 68 received penicillin V, 70 received cefadroxil, and 56 received placebo. Approximately 18 to 24 hours later, each patient returned for reevaluation. Significantly fewer children who had received either penicillin or cefadroxil had persistence of each of the three objective signs and each of the three subjective symptoms than did children who had received placebo. In addition, the evaluating physician, parents, and patients all believed that significantly fewer of the patients given antibiotic failed to demonstrate overall clinical improvement. PMID- 3923181 TI - Increased sweat chloride levels associated with prostaglandin E1 infusion. PMID- 3923182 TI - Mineral homeostasis in very premature infants: serial evaluation of serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D, serum minerals, and bone mineralization. AB - This study was designed to evaluate the role of vitamin D sufficiency, as reflected in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) concentrations, on serum minerals and bone mineralization in very premature infants. Seventy-two infants (mean +/- SD gestation 30.1 +/- 2.5 weeks, mean +/- SD birth weight 1178 +/- 278 gm) were observed serially for the first 3 months of life. Mean serum calcium and phosphorus values, but not magnesium, remained low prior to 12 weeks. The percentage of infants with moderate to severe hypomineralization was 75% at 3 weeks, 55% at 6 weeks, 54% at 9 weeks, and 15% at twelve weeks. Low serum calcium and phosphorus values, high alkaline phosphatase activity, and moderate-severe hypomineralization were more frequent in infants weighing less than 1000 gm and in those with lower mineral intake. With a 400 IU vitamin D supplement, 45% of infants could maintain an initially normal serum 25-OHD concentration or increase low concentrations, whereas 55% had falling or persistently low (less than or equal to 15 ng/ml) 25-OHD concentrations. Birth weight and mineral intakes were comparable in these two groups, yet the group with the lower serum 25-OHD concentration had lower serum calcium and higher alkaline phosphatase values, and a higher percentage of moderate to severe hypomineralization. Regardless of birth weight, mineral intake, or 25-OHD concentration, increases in serum calcium and phosphorus values and in mineralization were seen at postconception term (12 weeks in most infants, nine weeks in those weighing 1250 to 1600 gm). At 12 weeks of age, but not before, serum 25-OHD concentration was directly correlated with serum calcium (r = 0.47, P less than 0.01) and serum phosphorus (r = 0.47, P less than 0.01) and inversely correlated with alkaline phosphatase values (r = -0.71, P less than 0.01). Mineral availability and 25-OHD sufficiency both appear to be important and to act synergistically, with neither totally compensating for the other. PMID- 3923183 TI - Identification of antigens of Trypanosoma cruzi which induce antibodies during experimental Chagas' disease. AB - Experiments were conducted to identify antigens of Trypanosoma cruzi (Brazil strain) to which antibodies are directed during the course of experimental Chagas' disease in C3H(He) (susceptible) and C57BL/6J (resistant) female mice. An extract of culture forms of the parasite was subjected to SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, transferred to a solid phase matrix of nitrocellulose and used as antigens to detect antibodies in the sera of infected mice. Reactive antibodies were detected using an avidin-biotin peroxidase test. Two antigens were consistently detected with sera of normal, uninfected C57BL/6 and C3H(He) mice (51,000 and 44,000; and 53,000 and 46,000 daltons, respectively). A total of 32 antigens with m.w. of 230,000 to 25,000 daltons reacted with antibodies in sera of C3H mice infected for 25 days. Both the number of antigens detected and intensity of reactions increased with time of infection in C3H mice. An early (day 5), rapid, although weak response was observed to antigens of 85,000, 56,000, 53,000, 46,000 and 41,000 daltons. Throughout infection intense responses to antigens of 75,000, 67,000, 45,000, 41,000 and 36,000 daltons were detected. A similar number of components (a total of 34) with m.w. of 210,000 to 20,000 daltons were detected as being antigenic during the course of T. cruzi infection of C57BL/6 mice. A high number of antigens (25) was observed early in infection of C57BL/6 mice by day 10, including components with m.w. of 90,000, 85,000 and 70,000 daltons. Only minor changes were detected, however, after day 20 until day 120, when increases in the number of antigens and the intensity of certain reactions (e.g., antigens of 75,000, 46,000 and 26,000 daltons) were detected.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3923184 TI - In vitro cultivation of Plasmodium falciparum under aerobic atmosphere in a CO2 incubator. PMID- 3923185 TI - [Enhanced formation of plaque in RNA phages/bacteria systems under the effect of surface-active preparations]. AB - The effect of 21 surfactants on the plaque formation was tested in three RNA phages/Escherichia coli systems and in one RNA-phage/Pseudomonas aeruginosa system. Especially anionic detergents proved to be able to influence the plaque formation substantially. In high concentrations of Metaupon, Fekunil 602, Fekunil S-BA, Emulgator W 270, and Emulgator O-BA the plaque formation by the phages M 12 and f2 was inhibited and in low concentrations it was promoted. In the system Q beta/E. coli AB 301 the effect of the detergents mentioned was restricted to the prevention of the appearance of plaques. The detergent E 30 brought about only plaque inhibitions, too, in all used RNA-phages/E. coli systems. The treatment with effective detergents in the system PP7/P. aeruginosa, however, increased only the number of plaques. This phenomenon was evident in the formation of radiate plaque patterns in the lawn of bacteria. In the case of RNA-phages of E. coli the formation of such trains of lysis depends on the choice of the nutritive medium. The addition of the detergent Fekunil 602 at different times after the contact between phages and host bacteria affects the length of the beams of lysis. The ionogenity of surfactants seems to be of importance for the formation of radiate plaque patterns, since the tested cationic compound and the nonionic surfactants, contrary to anionic surfactants, did not cause any beams of lysis. PMID- 3923186 TI - A23187 increases calcium permeability of store sites more than of surface membranes in the rabbit mesenteric artery. AB - The effects of a Ca ionophore, A23187, were investigated on intact and skinned smooth muscle tissues of the rabbit mesenteric artery. A23187 (over 10(-9) M) inhibited, dose dependently, contractions induced by 10(-5) M-noradrenaline (NA) or 10 mM-caffeine in Ca2+-free solution containing 2 mM-EGTA. Procaine (3 mM) led to cessation of the caffeine- or NA-induced contractions in the presence or absence of Ca2+. When A23187 (10(-7) M) was applied, the contractions in the presence of procaine were to some extent restored in Krebs solution. A23187 at a concentration of 10(-7) M did not modify the resting muscle tone, but this concentration did increase the amplitude of the contraction evoked by 20.2 or 128 mM-K+ and markedly inhibited the 10(-7) M-NA or 10 mM-caffeine-induced contraction in Krebs solution. A23187 (10(-7) M) delayed the onset and rising phase of the 10(-5) M-NA-induced contraction with inhibition of the oscillatory contractions. High concentrations of A23187 (over 10(-6) M) produced a large contraction in the presence and a small contraction in the absence of 2.6 mM Ca2+. These A23187-induced contractions were not inhibited by 10(-7) M nisoldipine, a Ca2+ antagonist. A23187 (over 10(-6) M) applied for a long period functionally skinned the muscle tissues. However, the Ca2+ sensitivity of the A23187-treated skinned muscles was lower than that of saponin-treated muscles. In saponin-treated skinned muscles, A23187 (below 10(-6) M) had no effect on the pCa tension relation. After filling the store, A23187 (over 10(-7) M) generated a larger contraction than did caffeine in Ca2+-free solution, in the presence or absence of 5 mM-NaN3. When 10(-7) M-A23187 was applied once for 5 min, subsequently applied caffeine (20 mM), following application of Ca2+, no longer produced contraction of skinned muscle tissues. The present results indicate that low concentrations of A23187 show a selective Ca2+-releasing action on Ca2+ store sites in muscle cells and that high concentrations increase the Ca2+ leakage (influx) and the cell membrane is skinned. PMID- 3923188 TI - Oral anticoagulants: a cost-effectiveness approach. PMID- 3923187 TI - Sodium-dependent control of intracellular pH in Purkinje fibres of sheep heart. AB - Intracellular pH (pHi) of Purkinje fibres from sheep heart was recorded with pH sensitive glass micro-electrodes. The cells were acidified by one of three methods: (1) exposure to and subsequent removal of NH4Cl, (2) exposure to solutions containing 5% CO2 or (3) exposure to an acidic Tyrode solution. The pHi recovery from these acidifications was studied. The time constant of recovery from an acidification induced by NH4Cl was almost twice as long as that from one induced by CO2 or acid extracellular pH. Following an acidification induced by exposure to CO2 the time constant of pHi recovery was not changed when the cell was depolarized to -40 mV (by replacement of some Na+ by K+). An intracellular acidification was produced when extracellular Na+ was removed and replaced by quaternary ammonium ions or K+. Such Na+-free solutions also inhibited pHi recovery from an acidification. A 50% inhibition of the rate of recovery was produced by lowering the [Na+]o to 8 mM. When used as a Na+ substitute, Li+ could permit recovery. Tris (22 mM) changed pHi in the alkaline direction. Amiloride (1 mM) or a decrease in temperature slowed the recovery from an acidification (Q10 = 2.65). There was no effect of SITS (4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2' disulphonic acid disodium salt; 100 microM) on the recovery. Na+-sensitive glass micro-electrodes were used to measure the intracellular Na+ activity when [Na+]o was lowered to levels used in our pHi recovery experiments. From these data we have calculated the apparent Na+ electrochemical gradient at different values of [Na+]o. If this gradient is responsible for H+ efflux from the cell then, by applying thermodynamic considerations, it can be shown that only low concentrations (1-2mM) of extracellular Na+ are required. Solutions containing a very low [Ca2+]o (less than 10(-8) M, buffered with EGTA) were used to prevent large rises of [Ca2+]i which may occur on removal of external Na+. Under these conditions pHi recovery is still dependent upon [Na+]o, and the apparent inhibition of pHi recovery by removal of Na+ is not simply due to rises in [Ca2+]i. The intracellular acidification which occurs on removal of Na+ does not occur when [Ca2+]o is very low (less than 10(-8) M).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3923189 TI - Use of human urinary follicle-stimulating hormone in infertile women with polycystic ovaries. AB - Human urinary FSH (HU-FSH) was administered during 25 treatment cycles to 21 infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCO) who had failed to conceive in response to clomiphene citrate. HCG was also given in 23 of the cycles. Twenty two (88%) ovulations occurred, and eight (38.1%) conceptions resulted, two (25%) of which terminated in abortion and six (75.0%) in normal deliveries. No multiple pregnancies occurred. Ten instances (40%) of mild-moderate hyperstimulation also resulted. A spontaneous LH surge was observed in 12 treatment cycles. Ultrasound scanning revealed multiple ovarian follicles developing at various rates. We conclude that HU-FSH is an effective form of treatment for women with PCO. However, the response to exogenous FSH is unpredictable and depends on the stage of development and the number of follicles present prior to stimulation. PMID- 3923190 TI - Water intoxication and hyponatremic encephalopathy from the use of an oxytocin nasal spray. A case report. AB - Many nursing women returning to a full-time job and desiring to continue to breast feed are using oxytocin nasal sprays to facilitate breast emptying during the work day. Very few complications have been reported from its use, and the preparation has been assumed to be innocuous. However, we encountered a nursing mother whose life appears to have been jeopardized by the excessive and unmonitored application of such a spray. The patient was hospitalized for a viral illness and given a large quantity of intravenous fluid. In association with excessive self-administration of an oxytocin nasal spray, she developed severe water intoxication, with hyponatremic encephalopathy and convulsions. During the same hospitalization the patient subsequently developed a Guillain-Barre type of peripheral polyneuritis. The syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone has been reported to accompany the neurologic manifestations of the Guillain-Barre syndrome and may have been the cause of the convulsions. However, the temporal associations in this case strongly favor the unmonitored use of the oxytocin nasal spray as etiologic. PMID- 3923191 TI - Use of alfentanil in short anaesthetic procedures. AB - The pharmacokinetics of alfentanil, a new and very short-acting opioid, are discussed. Its use in day-case gynaecological procedures is described, and the results of the initial study presented. Alfentanil is a valuable adjunct to anaesthesia for day-case surgery and for short, painful procedures. PMID- 3923192 TI - Management of testicular tumours. Is radiotherapy defunct? PMID- 3923193 TI - Mortality of a white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum) suspected to be associated with the blue-green alga Microcystis aeruginosa. AB - Three of four white rhinoceroses died within 3 months of introduction into a game reserve. Post-mortem examination of one of the animals revealed marked hepatomegaly with haemorrhage and severe necrosis of the liver as well as numerous ecchymoses and petechiae in the subcutaneous tissue and subserosa of the thorax, abdomen and diaphragm. Histologically, severe hepatic necrosis was the most significant finding. Algae recovered from the dam from which the animals drank were identified as Microcystis aeruginosa. A diagnosis of suspected Microcystis poisoning was made. PMID- 3923194 TI - A microcomputer monitoring and data-acquisition system for intensive care units. AB - A clinical monitoring system has been developed using a computer and an analogue to-digital converter connected to standard fluid pressure and transcutaneous blood gas measurement equipment. It will collect and store information from up to four channels as trend data points, as waveform samples or as both. These monitoring and waveform recording roles have not been combined before in comparable systems. The trend data from any of the channels may be displayed on the computer screen as either a short-term (up to 3 h) or long-term (up to 99 h) graph as required. All this data may be retrieved from disk at the conclusion of monitoring to produce hard-copy for patient records. In particular the pressure waveforms have been used as the basis for subsequent research work. PMID- 3923195 TI - Transport of neutral and cationic amino acids across the brush-border membrane of the rabbit ileum. AB - The transport of sugars and amino acids across the brush-border membrane of the distal rabbit ileum has been studied. The kinetics of the transport of glucose demonstrated that the data obtained with the present technique are less distorted by unstirred layers than those obtained with the same technique adapted to the use of magnetic stirring. The role of depolarization of the electrical potential difference across the brush-border membrane in mutual inhibition between different classes of amino acids was estimated by measurements of the effects of high concentrations of alanine and lysine on the transport of galactose. It was found that this role would be insignificant in the present study. By measurements of the transport of alanine, leucine and lysine and the inhibitory interactions between these amino acids the function of three transport systems has been delineated. The transport of lysine is resolved in a high- and a low-affinity contribution. At 140 mM sodium these transport systems may also function as respectively high- and low-affinity contributors to the transport of neutral amino acids. At 0 mM sodium the high-affinity system remains a high-affinity system for cationic and neutral amino acids with reduced capacity especially for the neutral amino acids. At 0 mM sodium the low-affinity system's affinity for lysine is reduced and it is inaccessible to neutral amino acids. In addition to the two systems for lysine transport the existence of a lysine-resistant, sodium dependent, high-affinity system for the transport of neutral amino acids has been confirmed. It seems unlikely that the distal ileum is equipped with a low affinity, sodium-independent system for the transport of neutral amino acids. PMID- 3923196 TI - Effects of anions on cellular volume and transepithelial Na+ transport across toad urinary bladder. AB - The effects of complete substitution of gluconate for mucosal and/or serosal medium Cl- on transepithelial Na+ transport have been studied using toad urinary bladder. With mucosal gluconate, transepithelial potential difference (VT) decreased rapidly, transepithelial resistance (RT) increased, and calculated short-circuit current (Isc) decreased. Calculated ENa was unaffected, indicating that the inhibition of Na+ transport was a consequence of a decreased apical membrane Na+ conductance. This conclusion was supported by the finding that a higher amiloride concentration was required to inhibit the residual transport. With serosal gluconate VT decreased, RT increased and Isc fell to a new steady state value following an initial and variable transient increase in transport. Epithelial cells were shrunken markedly as judged histologically. Calculated ENa fell substantially (from 130 to 68 mV on average). Ba2+ (3 mM) reduced calculated ENa in Cl- Ringer's but not in gluconate Ringer's. With replacement of serosal Cl by acetate, transepithelial transport was stimulated, the decrease in cellular volume was prevented and ENa did not fall. Replacement of serosal isosmotic Cl- medium by a hypo-osmotic gluconate medium (one-half normal) also prevented cell shrinkage and did not result in inhibition of Na+ transport. Thus the inhibition of Na+ transport can be correlated with changes in cell volume rather than with the change in Cl-per se. Nystatin virtually abolished the resistance of the apical plasma membrane as judged by measurement of tissue capacitance. With K+ gluconate mucosa, Na+ gluconate serosa, calculated basolateral membrane resistance was much greater, estimated basolateral emf was much lower, and the Na+/K+ basolateral permeability ratio was much higher than with acetate media. It is concluded the decrease in cellular volume associated with substitution of serosal gluconate for Cl results in a loss of highly specific Ba2+-sensitive K+ conductance channels from the basolateral plasma membrane. It is possible that the number of Na+ pump sites in this membrane is also decreased. PMID- 3923197 TI - Transport of imino acids and non-alpha-amino acids across the brush-border membrane of the rabbit ileum. AB - The transport of beta-alanine and MeAIB and their effects as inhibitors of the transport of alanine, leucine and lysine across the brush-border membrane of the intact epithelium from the rabbit's distal ileum has been examined. Two separate transport systems have been characterized: 1) A sodium-dependent, beta-alanine accepting system, which is a high-affinity transport system for alpha-amino monocarboxylic acids (neutral a.a.) and for cationic a.a., accepts non-alpha amino acids as well as non-alpha-imino acids, is moderately stereospecific, and for which the affinity of a neutral a.a. is greatly reduced by N-methylation. 2) A sodium-dependent transport system for imino acids, which is inaccessible to cationic amino acids and non-alpha-amino acids but accepts cyclic, non-alpha imino acids, is moderately stereospecific, and for which neutral a.a. have much lower affinities than their N-methylated derivatives. On the basis of the observations of this and the preceding paper five transport systems for amino acids are ascribed to the rabbit ileum. Some discrepancies between the present results and those obtained with brush-border membrane microvesicles from the rabbit small intestine are discussed. PMID- 3923200 TI - Case report: intraluminal duodenal diverticulum. PMID- 3923198 TI - Modulation of apical Na permeability of the toad urinary bladder by intracellular Na, Ca, and H. AB - The Na conductance of the apical membrane of the toad urinary bladder was measured at different concentrations of Na both in the external medium and in the cell. Bladders were bathed in high K-sucrose medium to reduce basal-lateral resistance and voltage, and the transepithelial currents measured under voltage clamp conditions. Amiloride was used as a specific blocker of the apical Na channel. At constant external Na, the internal Na concentration was increased by blocking the basal-lateral Na pump with ouabain. With high Na activity in the mucosal medium (86 mM), increases in intracellular Na activity from 10 to over 40 mM increased the amiloride-sensitive slope conductance at zero voltage while apical Na permeability, estimated from current-voltage plots using the constant field equation, decreased by less than 20%. Lowering the serosal Ca concentration from 1 to 0.1 mM had no effect on the change in PNa with increasing Nac, but increasing serosal Ca to 5 mM enhanced the reduction in PNa with increasing Nac, presumably by increasing Ca influx into the cell. PNa was also reduced by serosal vanadate (0.5 mM), a putative blocker of ATP-dependent Ca extrusion from the cell, and by acute exposure to CO2, which presumably acidifies the cytoplasm. Current-voltage relationships of the amiloride-sensitive transport pathway were also measured in the absence of a Na gradient across the apical membrane. These plots show that outward current passes through the channels somewhat less easily than does inward current. The shape of the I-V relationships was not significantly altered by changes in cellular Na, Ca or H, indicating that the effects of these ions on PNa are voltage independent. PMID- 3923199 TI - Effects of intracellular sodium and potassium iontophoresis on membrane potentials and resistances in toad urinary bladder. AB - Glass microelectrodes were used to measure membrane potentials and the ratio of apical to basolateral membrane resistances before and after the passage of current from the potential-recording microelectrode to ground, in toad urinary bladder epithelium, in order to iontophorese cations into the cell. After application of the current, there was a transient change in the tip potential of the microelectrode. This artifact was measured with the microelectrode in the mucosal medium and was subtracted from the potential recorded in the cell. The serosal medium was bathed by Ringer's solution containing 51.5 mM K+ to minimize any current-induced increase of K+ in the unstirred layer. Under those conditions, both Na+ and K+ iontophoresis caused a significant hyperpolarization of basolateral membrane potential (Vcs) and a significant increase in the ratio of apical to basolateral membrane resistances (Ra/Rb). When bladders were exposed to amiloride in the mucosal solution, Na+ iontophoresis caused the basolateral membrane to hyperpolarize, but no significant changes were observed in Ra/Rb. When Na+ was injected in the presence of serosal ouabain, Vcs depolarized and Ra/Rb increased. K+ iontophoresis caused the basolateral membrane potential to hyperpolarize in the presence of ouabain but Ra/Rb did not change significantly. These results indicate that the Na+ pump in toad bladder is rheogenic, that apical Na+ conductance is sensitive to the cell levels of Na+ and K+ and that the basolateral membrane is K+ permeable. PMID- 3923201 TI - Light microscope based analysis of three-dimensional structure: applications to the study of Drosophila salivary gland nuclei. II. Algorithms for model analysis. AB - In Drosophila melanogaster there are significant differences in the way the polytene chromosomes are arranged in different nuclei from the same salivary gland (Mathog et al., 1984). Visual inspection of the models of these nuclei was inadequate to delineate all of the features conserved in their structures. In order to bypass this limitation, models of these nuclei were constructed in a format compatible with computational manipulation (Mathog et al., 1985). By applying some simple algorithms to these models, quantitative comparisons were made which revealed otherwise cryptic features common to many nuclei. Given here are the details of several algorithms for describing and comparing the arrangement of the chromosomes within the nuclei. PMID- 3923202 TI - Prolonged ethanol replacement by CO2 increases splits on articular cartilage surface after critical point drying. AB - Ethanol replacement by CO2 of glutaraldehyde-fixed and ethanol-dehydrated rabbit articular cartilage specimens was monitored with both gas chromatograph and alcometer prior to critical point drying (CPD). The surface structure of the patellar specimens was also systematically registered with a semiquantitative scanning electron microscopic method. After a 2 h interval, when about 28 microliters of ethanol/15 min CO2 extract was removed, the articular surface was smooth, although small areas of striated surface and superficial splits were present. A long-term CO2 treatment (16 h) removed ethanol completely, but increased superficial splitting of the articular surface after CPD. Air-drying of the specimens gave rise to inferior preservation of the cartilage: large areas with pitted and leafy surface qualities, but no superficial splits, were present on the surface. It was evident that prolonged ethanol replacement by CO2, prior to CPD, degraded surface structure of the articular cartilage which should be taken into consideration in the planning and design of experiments. Ethanol removal by CO2 could conveniently be monitored by an alcometer. PMID- 3923203 TI - Structure and polymorphism of bipolar isopranyl ether lipids from archaebacteria. AB - We describe in this work the structure and polymorphism of a variety of lipids extracted from Sulfolobus solfataricus, an extreme thermoacidophilic archaebacterium growing at about 85 degrees C and pH 2. These lipids are quite different from the usual fatty acid lipids of eukaryotes and prokaryotes: each molecule consists of two C40 omega-omega' biphytanyl residues (with 0 to 4 cyclopentane groups per residue), ether linked at both ends to two (variably substituted) glycerol or nonitol groups. Four lipid preparations were studied; the total and the polar lipid extracts, and two hydrolytic fractions, the symmetric glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether and the asymmetric glycerol dialkyl nonitol tetraether, as a function of water content and temperature, using X-ray scattering techniques. The main conclusions from the study of the four lipid preparations can be summarized as follows. (1) As with other lipids, a remarkable number and variety of phases are observed over a temperature concentration range close to "physiological" conditions. The possibility is discussed that this polymorphism reflects a fundamental property of lipids, closely related to their physiological role. (2) As in other lipids, two types of chain conformations are observed: a disordered one (type alpha) at high temperature; at lower temperature, a more ordered packing of stiff chains, all parallel to each other (type beta'). At temperatures and degrees of hydration approaching the conditions prevailing in the living cell, the conformation is of type alpha. (3) In all the phases with chains in the alpha conformation, the unsubstituted glycerol headgroups, whose concentration is high in these lipids, segregate in the hydrocarbon matrix, away from the other polar groups. This property may have interesting biological consequences: for example, the chains of a fraction of the bipolar lipid molecules can span hydrocarbon gaps as wide as 75 A. (4) Two cubic phases are observed in the total and the polar lipid extracts, which display a remarkable degree of metastability, most unusual in lipid phase transitions involving structures with chains in the alpha conformation. This phenomenon can be explained by the interplay of the physical structure of the cubic phases (the two contain two intertwined and unconnected three-dimensional networks of rods) and the chemical structure of the lipid molecules: the two headgroups of most molecules being anchored on each of the two networks of rods, the migration of the lipid molecules is hindered by the two independent diffusion processes and by the entanglement of the chains.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3923204 TI - Mutagenic specificity of ultraviolet light. AB - Genetic and sequencing studies of ultraviolet light (u.v.)-induced mutations in the lacI gene of Escherichia coli show the following: u.v. stimulates many types of mutations. In lacI, base substitutions account for 60 to 65% of the observed mutations, small frameshifts 30 to 35%, and deletions of more than several base pairs approximately 5%. A comparison of the mutational spectrum of u.v.-induced mutations with those of other SOS-dependent mutagens and with the mutations produced by inducing the SOS system in the absence of mutagenic treatment indicates that most u.v.-induced base substitutions are "targeted", resulting from premutational lesions across from the site of the mutations. Among base substitutions, both transitions and transversions occur, although the most favored mutational sites involve G X C----A X T transitions. G X C----A X T transitions are induced preferentially at sites of adjacent pyrimidines. In one case the conversion of a site from -A-C-A- to -T-C-A- results in a 15-fold increase in u.v.-induced C----T transitions. Frameshifts at certain sites are well-induced by u.v., and the largest hotspot in the I gene involves the loss of an (sequence in text) base pair from a (sequence in text) sequence. Of 25 frameshifts detected by DNA sequencing, 23 mutations at seven different sites result from the elimination of a single base-pair, and two mutations result from the elimination of two base-pairs. No additions were detected. The use of a lacI Z fusion system, which allows direct selection of frameshifts of either sign, reveals that throughout the entire gene frameshifts that eliminate a single base pair (-1) predominate by a factor of 20 or more over frameshifts that add a single base-pair (+1). In one case a two-base-pair elimination occurs frequently, resulting in the loss of a -C-T- sequence (on one strand), or a -T-C- sequence, from a -C-T-C-T-C-T-C- sequence. For both frameshifts and base substitutions, some aspect of the larger surrounding sequence beyond the nearest neighbors can influence mutation rates by as much as 50-fold, thus determining which sites are seen as hotspots. The bearing of these and other data on the detailed mechanism of mutagenesis is considered in the Discussion. PMID- 3923205 TI - Folding of thermolysin fragments. Identification of the minimum size of a carboxyl-terminal fragment that can fold into a stable native-like structure. AB - The COOH-terminal cyanogen bromide fragment 206-316 of thermolysin has been shown to possess protein domain characteristics that are able to refold into a stable native-like structure (Fontana et al., 1982). We now report the results of limited proteolysis of this fragment with the aim of identifying the minimum size of a COOH-terminal fragment of thermolysin that is able to fold by itself. Proteolysis with subtilisin, chymotrypsin, thermolysin and trypsin allowed us to isolate to homogeneity eight different subfragments, which can be grouped in two sets of peptides, i.e. (218-222)-316 and (252-255)-316. These subfragments are able to acquire a stable conformation of native-like characteristics, as judged by quantitative analysis of secondary structure from far-ultraviolet circular dichroism spectra and immunochemical properties using rabbit anti-thermolysin antibodies. In addition, even the smallest fragment isolated (sequence 255-316) shows co-operative and reversible unfolding transitions mediated by heat (tm 65 degrees C) and guanidine hydrochloride (midpoint transition at 2.5 M denaturant), as often observed with globular proteins. From the kinetics of the proteolytic digestion and analysis of the isolated subfragments, it is concluded that proteases lead to a stepwise degradation of fragment 206-316 from its NH2 terminal region, leading to the highly helical fragment (252-255)-316, quite resistant to further proteolytic digestion. The results of this study provide evidence that it is possible to isolate stable supersecondary structures of globular proteins and correlate well with predictions of subdomains of the COOH terminal structural domain of thermolysin. PMID- 3923206 TI - Can collagen metabolism be controlled: theoretical considerations. AB - Pharmacologic alterations of the inflammatory response and collagen metabolism will lead to control of the many disease states of fibrosis. Many of these diseases kill and cripple far more than hypertrophic scar. Far too little research is being directed in this area. The objectives of controlling fibrosis by interfering with collagen crosslinking were defined clearly by Peacock. Perhaps topical BAPN will be the first agent to bring a practical clinical reality to his predictions made over 20 years ago. PMID- 3923207 TI - Metabolic effects of amino acid solutions in severely burned patients: with emphasis on sulfur amino acid metabolism and protein breakdown. AB - The metabolic effects of TPN containing high amounts of amino acids (18 gm N) was evaluated with respect to sulfur amino acid metabolism and protein breakdown in nine severely burned patients. The results were compared to corresponding data from burned patients receiving more moderate amounts of amino acids (9.2 gm N) or isocaloric amounts of carbohydrate and fat. Significantly increased urinary excretion and intracellular muscle tissue concentrations of methionine were found in patients receiving the concentrated amino acid solution, probably reflecting a combined effect of the injury and an increased load of the compound. These patients also showed a reduced oxidation of sulfur amino acids to inorganic sulfate, which may reflect an increased protein synthesis during treatment. A significantly decreased urinary excretion of 3-methyl-histidine and mercaptolactate was found in patients receiving the concentrated amino acid solution, probably reflecting a decreased breakdown of body protein. The findings favor the hypothesis of an anabolic effect of the new amino acid solution in burned patients during the early catabolic phase, but also emphasize the importance of monitoring the amounts of amino acids, e.g., methionine, given. PMID- 3923208 TI - In vitro fibrillogenesis of interstitial collagens: electron microscopical studies of long-spacing forms induced by chondroitin sulfate. AB - Reaggregation behaviour of the three interstitial types of collagen was studied. Pure solutions were prepared and reprecipitation performed by the addition of chondroitin sulfate. The sediments were analyzed in the electron microscope. Classical types of fibrous long spacing collagen could be prepared only from solutions of type I collagen. Segments with an average length of 460 nm and a central overlapping zone of about 120 nm were prepared from solutions of type II collagen. They were termed 'double segment long-spacing collagen' (DSLS). No cross striated fibrils or segments could be obtained from solutions of type III collagen. These results show that there are not only chemical differences between the three interstitial types of collagen but also differences in reaggregation behaviour and in the way of interaction with other macromolecules such as glycosaminoglycans. PMID- 3923210 TI - The role of an indium leukocyte scan in the diagnosis of a pyeloduodenal fistula associated with spontaneous disappearance of a staghorn calculus. AB - The use of a 111indium oxine-leukocyte scan (white cell scan) to establish the diagnosis of a pyeloduodenal fistula is described. The patient had a fistula that was associated with spontaneous disappearance of a large staghorn calculus in the involved kidney. The disappearance of the calculus and the presence of a pyeloduodenal fistula were confirmed at surgical exploration. Although neither an excretory urogram nor a retrograde pyelogram was useful to diagnose the fistula preoperatively a 111indium oxine-leukocyte scan revealed the renal abscess and pyeloduodenal fistula. PMID- 3923209 TI - DNA packaging by the Bacillus subtilis defective bacteriophage PBSX. AB - Defective bacteriophage PBSX, a resident of all Bacillus subtilis 168 chromosomes, packages fragments of DNA from all portions of the host chromosome when induced by mitomycin C. In this study, the physical process for DNA packaging of both chromosomal and plasmid DNAs was examined. Discrete 13-kilobase (kb) lengths of DNA were packaged by wild-type phage, and the process was DNase I resistant and probably occurred by a head-filling mechanism. Genetically engineered isogenic host strains having a chloramphenicol resistance determinant integrated as a genetic flag at two different regions of the chromosome were used to monitor the packaging of specific chromosomal regions. No dramatic selectivity for these regions could be documented. If the wild-type strain 168 contains autonomously replicating plasmids, especially pC194, the mitomycin C induces an increase in size of resident plasmid DNA, which is then packaged as 13-kb pieces into phage heads. In strain RB1144, which lacks substantial portions of the PBSX resident phage region, mitomycin C treatment did not affect the structure of resident plasmids. Induction of PBSX started rolling circle replication on plasmids, which then became packaged as 13-kb fragments. This alteration or cannibalization of plasmid replication resulting from mitomycin C treatment requires for its function some DNA within the prophage deletion of strain RB1144. PMID- 3923211 TI - Juvenile xanthogranuloma of the testis. AB - A 7-month-old boy presented with numerous xanthomatous skin lesions and a hard irregular swelling of the right testis. Clinically, the testicular lesion was impossible to distinguish from a malignant neoplasm. Histological examination of a skin biopsy and of the testis following orchiectomy showed lesions typical of juvenile xanthogranuloma. PMID- 3923212 TI - Rickettsia-like organisms in ticks and antibodies to spotted fever-group rickettsiae in mammals from northern Mississippi. AB - Studies were conducted from April through August during 1974 and 1975 on 30 randomly selected trapping sites in Wall Doxey State Park, Holly Springs National Forest, and 1.6 km south of the park in Marshall County, Mississippi to provide information on the occurrence of ticks involved in the maintenance and transmission of spotted fever-group rickettsiae in nature. Of 365 animals (14 species) collected, 186 (51%) were parasitized by 4,169 ticks. Species of ticks collected included: Dermacentor variabilis; Amblyomma americanum; Rhipicephalus sanguineus; Haemaphysalis leporispalustris; and Ixodes texanus. Of 2,105 ticks examined, 116 (5.5%) were positive for rickettsia-like organisms. PMID- 3923213 TI - Brucella abortus in wildlife on selected cattle farms in Alabama. AB - Two studies of brucellosis in wildlife on farms where the brucellosis infection prevalence in cattle was known are reported. On a research farm, 233 feral animals of 22 mammalian species and 12 of seven avian species were trapped during three time periods. Sixty were studied before cattle were introduced, 128 were studied while 501 cattle infected with Brucella abortus were calving and aborting, and 60 specimens were collected 20 mo after the last infected cow calved. Selected tissues from 229 wild animals were cultured and sera from 138 were examined using the brucellosis card, standard tube agglutination (STA), 2 mercaptoethanol (2-ME) and rivanol (RIV) tests. Brucella abortus was not recovered from any animals sampled prior to cattle being introduced and all sera collected were negative. Brucella abortus was isolated from four opossums (Didelphis virginiana) and one raccoon (Procyon lotor) in the group of animals trapped during the calving period. Three serums were tested and had STA titers ranging from 1:100 to 1:200. Of 68 sera only one had antibodies. Brucella were not isolated from 59 animals trapped after the calving period and only one of 42 serums had antibodies. On regional cattle farms, 243 wild animals were trapped. Brucellae were not isolated from 223 animals which were cultured. No serums had significant titers. The data from this study suggest opossums and raccoons can be infected from cattle but are unlikely to maintain the infection. PMID- 3923214 TI - Transfer of Listeria monocytogenes between frogs. PMID- 3923215 TI - American trypanosomiasis (Chagas' disease) in a striped skunk. PMID- 3923216 TI - Factor VIII inhibitor. PMID- 3923217 TI - Treatment of mushroom poisoning. PMID- 3923219 TI - Are psychiatric benefits worth the cost? PMID- 3923218 TI - IgM gammopathy and the lupus anticoagulant syndrome in habitual aborters. AB - Recent reports strongly suggest an association between a laboratory picture of autoimmunity in the absence of clinical signs and symptoms and the recurrence of spontaneous pregnancy loss. This association seems particularly strong when circulating lupus anticoagulant is present and has therefore been called the circulating lupus anticoagulant syndrome. We present four patients with this syndrome who in addition to the asymptomatic autoimmune laboratory picture were also found to exhibit a distinct IgM gammopathy. In view of earlier reports that implicated IgM in poor pregnancy outcome, particularly in association with systemic lupus erythematosus, it is suggested that all patients with circulating lupus anticoagulant syndrome be evaluated for an IgM gammopathy. A fraction of IgM may be detrimental to development and growth of the normal fetal placental unit and may thus be implicated in repeated early pregnancy loss. PMID- 3923220 TI - Complications during insertion of narrow-bore feeding tubes. PMID- 3923221 TI - Working to restore and develop abilities offers unique challenge. PMID- 3923222 TI - A survey of malarial parasite and anopheline mosquitoes in Rawalpindi-Islamabad area. PMID- 3923223 TI - Pattern of skin disease in Karachi. PMID- 3923224 TI - Bacteriological analysis of different foods to determine the fitness for human consumption. PMID- 3923225 TI - A retrospective look at the medical curriculum. PMID- 3923226 TI - A unique laryngeal foreign body. PMID- 3923227 TI - [Frequency analysis of CO2 regulation of the respiratory system; relationship between end-tidal and sinusoidally varying inspired CO2]. PMID- 3923228 TI - [Malignant schwannoma arising in Recklinghausen's disease--report of 4 cases]. AB - Four cases of malignant schwannoma arising in Recklinghausen's disease are described. The 4 patients, aged 38, 41, 44 and 38, 2 men and 2 women, had up to child-head-sized tumors in the neck, back, axilla and retroperitoneum. Oncostatic chemotherapy and irradiation were ineffective against the malignant schwannoma. In three, surgically tumor-resected cases, local recurrence and rapid tumor growth occurred. Histologically, malignant schwannoma was characterized by the presence of a few collagen fibers among the tumor cells, but abundant argentaffin fibers. Numerous mast cells are frequently seen in neurofibroma, but almost never in malignant schwannoma. In Case 3, with mild atypism, tumor cells were positive for S100 protein. PMID- 3923229 TI - [A case of leukemic macroglobulinemia associated with diffuse osteolytic lesions]. PMID- 3923230 TI - [Various physiological factors influencing the cerebral blood flow]. PMID- 3923231 TI - [Agents to improve cerebrovascular circulation and cerebral metabolism- prostaglandins and related substances]. PMID- 3923232 TI - [Factor VIII/von Willebrand factor complex (FVIII/vWF)]. PMID- 3923233 TI - [The recurrence of gastric ulcer and gastric secretion. Study on the gastric secretory responses to tetragastrin in patients with gastric ulcer near the angle]. PMID- 3923234 TI - [Effects of in vivo hyperthermo-chemotherapeutic perfusion of the normal and regenerating liver on the aminopyrine breath test in the rats]. PMID- 3923235 TI - [4 cases of ulcerative colitis treated unsuccessfully with an elemental diet. Therapeutic effect of an elemental diet on ulcerative colitis]. PMID- 3923236 TI - [The relationship between the guanase activity of donor and incidence of posttransfusion hepatitis]. PMID- 3923237 TI - [The assessment of magnetic TSH Corning Kit for measuring serum TSH]. PMID- 3923238 TI - [Problems and nursing of patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis: experiences at an urban satellite facility for the past 9 years]. PMID- 3923239 TI - [Exercise therapy of chronic hemodialysis patients]. PMID- 3923240 TI - Spinocerebellar degenerations--clinical aspects and new treatment of ataxia. PMID- 3923241 TI - Amyloid fibril protein from medullary carcinoma of the thyroid--biochemical and immunochemical characterizations. AB - A unique amyloid fibril protein (Nis) was extracted from a patient with medullary carcinoma of the thyroid (MCT). This amyloid protein has a molecular weight of approximately 17,000 daltons, and has different amino acid composition from AA, AL or AF type amyloid fibril proteins. Immunochemical analysis using antiserum raised against Nis-DAM and Nis-GAM proteins disclosed that positive reactions were obtained only with degraded amyloids of MCT and with sera from patients with MCT. In contrast, there were negative reactions for other type of amyloid proteins, sera from other type of amyloid, normal sera or urinary proteins. Therefore Nis-amyloid fibril protein has some antigenic determinants characteristic of MCT-related amyloid fibril protein. PMID- 3923242 TI - The effect of galactosamine on rat liver cytochrome P-450 activities. AB - The effect of galactosamine on hepatic drug metabolizing activities was examined in rats. In the microsomal fraction, the contents of cytochrome P-450 (P-450) and cytochrome b5 (b5) and the activity of NADPH-cytochrome c reductase (reductase) were examined for 7 days after galactosamine administration. In addition, substrate metabolizing activities in damaged microsomes were examined using four substrates: aminopyrine, aniline, benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P) and 7-ethoxycoumarine (7 EC). The contents of P-450 and b5 and the activity of reductase showed a minimal value after 3 days of galactosamine administration and then gradually increased, reaching to the control level after 7 days. All four substrate metabolizing activities showed a similar response as the content of P-450, but the decrement among the four activities was not uniform. The activities of B(a)P hydroxylation and 7-EC deethylation were more impared than those of aminopyrine demethylation and aniline hydroxylation. This nonuniformity was clear on the activity based on P-450. This result suggested that galactosamine disturbed the population of multiple P-450 subtypes, and each P-450 subtype was damaged to the various extent by galactosamine administration. PMID- 3923243 TI - Possible mechanisms of inhibitory action of sodium nitroprusside on histamine induced contractile responses in isolated rabbit aorta compared with basilar artery and taenia coli. AB - Possible mechanisms of the inhibitory actions of sodium nitroprusside (NaNP) on histamine-induced contractile responses of isolated rabbit aorta, basilar artery and taenia coli were studied. NaNP (3 X 10(-5) M) reduced maximum contractile response to histamine in the aorta, whereas a concentration (10(-4) M) of NaNP slightly shifted the concentration-response curve for histamine towards its higher concentrations, but did not influence the maximum response in the basilar artery and taenia coli. The reduction in the maximum response of the aorta by NaNP was reversed by removal of the endothelium, or treatment with indomethacin (5 X 10(-6) M) or quinacrine (5 X 10(-6) M), but not by nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) (5 X 10(-5) M). Prostaglandin (PG) E1, PGE2 and PGI2 produced a relaxation in histamine-contracted basilar artery and taenia coli, whereas PGE1 and PGE2 produced a weak relaxation in histamine-contracted aorta. PGD2 relaxed taenia coli contracted by histamine, but had no influences in aorta and basilar artery. From these results, it is concluded that the inhibitory action of NaNP on histamine-induced contractile response in isolated rabbit aorta may be mediated at least partly by endothelium-derived arachidonic acid metabolite(s) via the cyclooxygenase pathway which must not involve PGI2. Furthermore, the difference in the inhibitory actions of NaNP between the tissues used in this study must be attributed to the absence of such mechanisms both in the basilar artery and taenia coli. PMID- 3923244 TI - Inhibition of teleocidin-caused epidermal ornithine decarboxylase induction by phospholipase A2-, cyclooxygenase- and lipoxygenase-inhibitors. AB - Teleocidin (5 micrograms/mouse), a potent tumor promoting indole alkaloid from Streptomyces, induced epidermal ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) in CD-1 mice. Teleocidin-caused ODC induction was inhibited by the treatment of indomethacin (2 mumol/mouse), a selective cyclooxygenase inhibitor, and p-bromophenacyl bromide (BPB) (30 mumol/mouse), a phospholipase A2 inhibitor. Teleocidin-caused ODC induction inhibited by indomethacin was completely restored by concurrent application of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) (140 nmol/mouse). On the other hand, teleocidin-caused ODC induction inhibited by BPB was not restored by the treatment of mice with PGE2, but partially restored by the treatment with arachidonic acid (1 mumol/mouse). Treatment of mice with lipoxygenase inhibitors such as BW755C (30 mumol/mouse), nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) (30 mumol/mouse), quercetin (10 mumol/mouse), and 2,3,5-trimethyl-6-(12-hydroxy-5,10 dodecadiynyl)-1,4-benzoquinone (AA861) (10 mumol/mouse) clearly suppressed ODC induction by teleocidin. Moreover, both NDGA (30 mumol/mouse) and quercetin (10 mumol/mouse) inhibited the restoring effect of PGE2. Therefore, our present results suggest that arachidonate metabolites, i.e., not only cyclooxygenase product(s) but also lipoxygenase product(s), are involved in the mechanism of ODC induction by teleocidin. PMID- 3923245 TI - Effect of radiation on the production of interleukins and T-lymphocyte activities. AB - The effect of 0-400 rad 60Co gamma-ray doses on distinct steps in the process of murine T-cell activation by concanavalin A (Con A) was investigated. When C57BL/6 spleen cells were stimulated immediately after irradiation, production of interleukin-1 (IL-1) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) was not impaired. Concomitantly, the display of IL-2 receptors in Con A-induced reactivity to IL-2 was not affected. The proliferative response was markedly diminished by increasing doses of radiation. The effect of radiation was found to depend not only on the delivered dose but also on the time interval between irradiation and stimulation of the lymphoid cultures. When the mitogenic stimulus was delayed for 24 hours following irradiation, IL-1 production was not diminished, whereas IL-2 production was impaired by doses greater than 200 rad. The proliferative response was diminished to a markedly higher degree as compared to the degree it was diminished in cell cultures stimulated by Con A immediately after irradiation. IL 2 production and the proliferative response to Con A of irradiated cell suspensions, cultured without mitogen for 24 hours post irradiation, were also assessed after adjustment for cell death. In this case, an impairment in IL-2 production that was dose dependent was apparent, but still the levels of IL-2 secreted by 400-rad irradiated cells reached high levels. In contrast, the proliferative response to Con A could not be restored. When T-cell growth factor was added concomitantly with Con A to irradiated cell cultures, a radioprotective effect could be observed. PMID- 3923246 TI - HLA-DR synthesis induction and expression in HLA-DR-negative carcinoma cell lines of diverse origins by interferon-gamma but not by interferon-beta. AB - De novo synthesis of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II antigens was induced by affinity-purified preparations of interferon (IFN)-gamma, but not by IFN-beta (as judged by the criteria of cell surface expression and protein synthesis) in human osteogenic sarcoma, colorectal carcinoma, and melanoma cell lines that were not constitutive producers of these antigens. The synthesis of heavy-chain and light-chain (beta 2-microglobulin) components of MHC class I antigens was enhanced by both IFN-gamma and IFN-beta; IFN-gamma showed the greater activity. IFN-gamma and IFN-beta also enhanced the expression of class I antigens on the plasma membrane in a dose-dependent manner; IFN-gamma was again the more active agent. Only IFN-gamma induced the membrane appearance of class II antigens in cell lines that appeared negative for HLA-DR expression by all criteria. However, in SW480 cells, which spontaneously express low levels of HLA DR, IFN-gamma and IFN-beta both enhanced the expression of class II antigens. These results suggest that IFN of both types amplify the products of actively transcribed genes, but that type II IFN is unique in its capacity to induce HLA DR expression in nonconstitutive cell lines. Kinetic studies showed that enhancement of class I membrane expression preceded the induction of class II expression and peaked earlier. The specificity of these responses was underlined by the inability of either IFN to enhance the synthesis or expression of the tumor-associated membrane glycoprotein gp22. The data indicate that tumor cell lines of diverse tissue origin that do not synthesize or express class II antigens by the criteria of immunoprecipitation or monoclonal antibody binding can be induced to do so by IFN-gamma and may therefore be subject to therapeutic and immunoregulatory modulation. PMID- 3923247 TI - Effects of riboflavin deficiency on metabolism of nitrosamines by rat liver microsomes. AB - The effects of riboflavin deficiency on the metabolism of N-nitrosodimethylamine [(DMN) CAS: 62-75-9] and other nitrosamines were examined in rats. After weanling rats were put on a riboflavin-deficient diet, the development of the deficiency was monitored by the growth rate and the erythrocyte glutathione reductase activation coefficient. In the riboflavin-deficient rats, the liver microsomal NADPH-cytochrome c reductase activity was lower but the cytochrome P450 content was higher than that of the control. The metabolism of DMN was dependent on the severity of the deficiency. During mild deficiency, which was observed mainly with Sprague-Dawley rats, the microsomal DMN demethylase (DMNd) activity was elevated 30-80%, but the metabolism of N-nitrosomethylbenzylamine (CAS: 937-40-6) and three other nitrosamines was slightly decreased. Dietary restriction in the pair-fed group also caused an elevation of DMNd activity above that of the ad libitum control group due to a partial fasting effect. During severe deficiency, which was observed mainly with Wistar rats, however, the metabolism of DMN, as well as the oxidation of benzo[a]pyrene, was decreased. Preincubation with flavin adenine dinucleotide and flavin mononucleotide enhanced the DMNd activity of the microsomes from riboflavin-deficient rats but not that from control rats. The results suggest that, depending on the alterations of the monooxygenase enzyme system during the development of the deficiency, riboflavin deficiencies may have different effects on the metabolism of DMN and some other carcinogens. PMID- 3923248 TI - Complications of total parenteral nutrition. PMID- 3923249 TI - Mechanisms of lysine-induced acute renal failure in rats. AB - We have previously found that lysine produces acute renal failure in rats. To define the acute effects of lysine, rats given lysine at 8.9 mg/kg/min, i.v. for 4.5 hr were compared with control rats receiving equiosmolar dextrose. Systemic blood pressure was stable in both groups. Mean intratubular pressure, inulin clearance (CIn), and renal blood flow were determined at 45-min intervals. Intratubular pressures measured with a servonulling micropressure device were elevated by 90 min in lysine-treated animals, with tubular heterogeneity, while pressures in dextrose-treated rats were normal and homogeneous. By 135 min CIn in lysine-treated rats was 45% of CIn in dextrose rats. Urine output fell in lysine treated rats. Renal blood flow determined by flow probe remained normal in lysine treated rats through 135 min and did not decline significantly until 180 min. Significant dilatation of surface tubules was documented by intravital microscopy beginning at 90 min in lysine-treated rats. The sequence of elevated intratubular pressure and tubular dilatation, followed by decreased CIn, and then by decreased renal blood flow suggests that lysine produces acute renal failure primarily through tubular obstruction. The tubular obstruction is followed later by an increase in renal vascular resistance. PMID- 3923250 TI - Light-chain nephropathy. PMID- 3923253 TI - Chromosome aberrations induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene in rat bone marrow cells--their relationship to chromosome bands and the influence of erythropoietin. PMID- 3923252 TI - Hemodynamic, renal, and hormonal responses to changes in dietary potassium in normotensive and hypertensive man: long-term antihypertensive effect of potassium supplementation in essential hypertension. AB - The hemodynamic, hormonal, and renal responses to alterations in dietary potassium were studied in normotensive and hypertensive subjects. In a short-term study, nine normotensive and nine hypertensive young men received a normal diet and low potassium, high potassium, and high potassium/low sodium diets for 1 week, each. The long-term effect of potassium supplementation (normal diet plus 96 mmol KC1/d for 8 weeks) was evaluated in 17 patients with essential hypertension. Blood pressure did not change significantly during short-term alterations of potassium intake but decreased during long-term supplementation (from 152.2 +/- 3.5/99.6 +/- 1.9 mm Hg to 137.4 +/- 2.9/89.1 +/- 1.4 mm Hg). High dietary potassium induced a significant but transient natriuresis. Plasma potassium concentration was increased during long- but not during short-term high potassium intake. In contrast to plasma renin activity (PRA) and aldosterone, urinary kallikrein was consistently stimulated during long-term potassium supplementation. The plasma concentrations of adrenaline and noradrenaline were significantly higher in hypertensive than in normotensive subjects and were not markedly altered by the dietary changes. It is concluded that long- but not short term potassium supplementation lowers blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension. The antihypertensive effect may be mediated by potassium-induced natriuresis, by a stimulation of Na-K-ATPase secondary to increased plasma potassium levels, and/or by a modulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone, kallikrein-kinin, and sympathetic nervous systems. PMID- 3923255 TI - [Message for World Health Day 1985. "Youth 1985: healthy into the future"]. PMID- 3923256 TI - [Health--and what keeps youth from it]. PMID- 3923254 TI - [Endoscopic hemostasis by means of laser photocoagulation]. PMID- 3923257 TI - [A look over the fence. Endangering youth at the place of work as exemplified by nursing students in Austria]. PMID- 3923258 TI - [Are we a gym-shoe and nicotine society?]. PMID- 3923259 TI - [Noise levels which endanger health in the discotheque]. PMID- 3923260 TI - [Use and abuse of drugs by children and adolescents]. PMID- 3923261 TI - [Observations on planned nursing care in psychiatry]. PMID- 3923262 TI - [As a German nurse with a mountain tribe in Thailand]. PMID- 3923263 TI - [Nursing of long-term patients. A rewarding challenge]. PMID- 3923251 TI - [Eicosanoids and phospholipases]. AB - Prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes have been implicated to play an important role in physiology as well as in a growing list of pathophysiologic conditions. These oxidation products of 8.11.14-eicosatrienoic-, 5.8.11.14. eicosatetraenoic-, and 5.8.11.14.17.-pentaenoic acids have been collectively designated eicosanoids. Many clinically important diseases are associated with altered eicosanoid biosynthesis. Furthermore, a series of hormones are known to induce acutely formation of eicosanoids, suggesting a crucial role in a multitude of tissue responses including phenomena such as secretion, platelet aggregation, chemotaxis, and smooth muscle contraction. The major precursor for the eicosanoids seems to be 5.8.11.14.-eicosatetraenoic acid or arachidonic acid. Virtually all of arachidonic acid however is present in esterified form in complex glycerolipids. Since cyclooxygenase and the lipoxygenases utilize arachidonic acid in its free form, a set of acylhydrolases is required to liberate arachidonic acid from membrane lipids before eicosanoid formation can occur. It became only recently apparent that a minor acidic phospholipid, phosphatidylinositol, comprising only 5%-10% of the phospholipid mass in mammalian cells, plays an important role in arachidonic acid metabolism. Phosphatidylinositol--after phosphorylation to phosphatidylinositolphosphate and phosphatidylinositolbisphosphate--appears to be hydrolyzed by specific phospholipases C generating 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-diglyceride. Diglyceride serves as substrate for diglyceride lipase to form monoglyceride and free fatty acid. Alternatively diglyceride is phosphorylated by diglyceride kinase yielding phosphatidic acid, which is believed to be reincorporated into phosphatidylinositol. In addition to phosphatidylinositol phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidic acid may contribute to arachidonic acid release. These phospholipids are substrates for phospholipases A2 generating free arachidonic acid and the respective lysophospholipid. Understanding of the biochemistry of arachidonic acid liberation may be critical in developing strategies of pharmacological intervention in a variety of pathological conditions. PMID- 3923264 TI - Congenital malformations in a common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) similar to human 13-trisomy syndrome. AB - This paper describes the finding of a number of malformations in a live-born common marmoset. The malformations included microphthalmia, ocular hypertelorism, cleft lip and palate and polydactyly. The findings are consistent with and strongly suggest chromosome trisomy similar to that which has been seen in man. PMID- 3923265 TI - Renal papillary adenoma in a cotton-topped tamarin (Saguinus oedipus). AB - The second case of a renal tumour in a tamarin is described. The incidentally discovered unilateral tumour developed in an adult female cotton-topped tamarin. It did not cause clinical symptoms and was classified as a papillary adenoma based on its morphological characteristics. PMID- 3923266 TI - Intravenous hyperalimentation with high arginine levels improves wound healing and immune function. AB - The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of increased arginine levels in intravenous hyperalimentation (IVH) therapy on wound healing and thymic immune function. Groups of SD rats, 275-325 g, underwent placement of internal jugular catheter, 7-cm dorsal skin wounding, insertion of polyvinyl alcohol sponges subcutaneously, and closure of wounds with stainless-steel sutures. Twenty-four hours later, rats were started on IVH at a rate of 0.8-1 ml/100 g body wt/hr. All IVH solutions contained 20% dextrose, adequate amounts of minerals and vitamins, and two different amino acid mixtures: (A) Fre III (4.05 g ARG/liter) (n = 13); (B) experimental (7.50 g ARG/liter) (n = 11). Solutions were isonitrogenous, and contained similar amounts of essential amino acids. After 7 days of IVH, weight gain did not differ between the two groups; however, cumulative N balance was superior in group A. Wound healing was improved in group B as assessed by fresh wound strip breaking strength, fixed breaking strength, and the amount of reparative collagen deposition as assessed by the hydroxyproline content of the implanted sponges. Group B animals also had improved thymic function as assessed by thymic weight, the total number of thymic lymphocytes/gland and mitogenic reactivity of thymic lymphocytes to PHA and Con A. The experiments indicate that high arginine levels in IVH solutions improve wound healing and thymic immune function following injury. PMID- 3923267 TI - A possible beneficial effect of metronidazole in reducing TPN-associated liver function derangements. AB - Cholestasis and fatty infiltration of the liver are common complications of total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Following a recent suggestion that TPN-associated liver function derangements may be related to intestinal overgrowth of anaerobic bacteria, the effect of metronidazole on hepatic dysfunction during TPN in rats was investigated. After 5 days of TPN with either amino acids and glucose or amino acids with glucose and fat, all groups exhibited a mild weight gain, positive nitrogen balance, increased liver weight, increased liver:body weight ratio, increased levels of liver enzymes, and increased hepatic lipid content. The administration of metronidazole at 15 mg/kg/day significantly decreased the hepatic lipid content from 0.077 g fat/g liver for controls to 0.053 g fat/g liver. The efficacy of metronidazole in reducing hepatic fat accumulation during nutritionally effective and adequate TPN in rats suggests the possible involvement of anaerobic bacterial flora of the intestinal tract, at least in part, in the pathogenesis of TPN-associated liver function derangements. However, the various biochemical and morphological expressions of these changes and the discrepancy between unchanged liver weight, liver:body weight ratio, liver enzymes, and the improved hepatic fat content suggest multifactorial mechanisms for TPN-related liver damage. PMID- 3923268 TI - Hormonal regulation of activities of 4-ene-5 beta- and 5 alpha-reductases and 17 beta-hydroxy-dehydrogenase in immature golden hamster testis. AB - We have reported [1-3] in immature golden hamster testis that 5 beta-reductase is localized in the tubular nongerm cells, while 5 alpha-reductase is present in the interstitial tissue and that the 17 beta-hydroxy-dehydrogenase activity is found predominantly in the tubular nongerm cells. Hormonal regulation of these enzyme activities was examined in the present study. Male golden hamsters were hypophysectomized on day 22 after birth. The hypophysectomized hamsters in groups of 3-8 were injected daily with 10 micrograms NIH-LH-S19, 50 micrograms NIAMD-Rat FSH-B-1, 8 or 16 micrograms NIAMD-oFSH-13, 8 micrograms NIAMD-oFSH-13 plus 5 or 10 micrograms NIH-LH-S19, 1 mg testosterone propionate or saline for 5 days starting from day 23. Testicular homogenates of the treated hamsters and intact hamsters on day 28 were incubated with [14C]4-androstene-3,17-dione and NADPH, and enzyme activity (nmol/testes/h) was estimated. The activities of 5 beta- and 5 alpha-reductases and 17 beta-hydroxy-dehydrogenase decreased significantly 6 days after hypophysectomy. In the hypophysectomized hamster testis, a distinct response to FSH but not to LH in the activities of 5 beta-reductase and 17 beta hydroxy-dehydrogenase was found. The injection of LH in addition to FSH showed no significant additive effects on these enzyme activities. The 5 alpha-reductase activity was stimulated significantly by LH plus FSH but not by LH alone, FSH alone or androgen. These results show that 5 beta-reduction of 4-ene-3 ketosteroids takes place in the Sertoli cells under the influence of FSH while 5 alpha-reduction occurs in the interstitial cells under the influence of LH and FSH in immature hamster testis. PMID- 3923269 TI - Inhibition of aromatase and NADPH cytochrome c reductase activities in human endometrium by the human placental NADPH cytochrome c reductase antiserum. AB - The cross-reactivity of human placental microsomal NADPH-cytochrome c reductase antiserum, REDFBIV, against the endometrial reductase alone and as a component of the endometrial aromatase was investigated. Human endometrial particulate fractions were incubated with various amounts of REDFBIV for 1 h at 4 degrees C and both enzyme activities were measured at the end of incubation. The extent of inhibition of these endometrial enzymes was compared with the ability of this antiserum to inhibit the placental microsomal reductase and aromatase activities. The antiserum effectively inhibited the activities of both enzymes in both tissues in a dose dependent manner with aromatase activity inhibited to a greater extent than reductase activity. These results indicate the antiserum to the placental microsomal NADPH-cytochrome c reductase component of aromatase recognizes the reductase component of the aromatase enzyme system in endometrium. PMID- 3923270 TI - An improved fluorimetric assay for brain monoamine oxidase. AB - A fluorimetric assay for monamine oxidase that uses kynuramine as the substrate is described. This method is more economic, rapid, reproducible, and sensitive than other similar procedures. Its validity has been confirmed by the study of the subcellular distribution, the effects of inhibitors, and the kinetics of enzyme activity. Previous reports of substrate inhibition by kynuramine may have to be reassessed in the light of evidence presented here. PMID- 3923271 TI - Isolated perfused rabbit lung as a model to study the absorption of organic aerosols. AB - An improved technique for perfused lung preparations adapted for absorption studies with organic aerosols is described. The model developed by Niemeier and Bingham (1972) was modified to place greater emphasis on the respiratory functions of the lung as an index of viability. Perfusion of this preparation for 2 hr showed that tidal volume, pulmonary blood flow, and visual appearance were the most sensitive indicators of physiological change. The importance of relevant criteria for assessment of viability is discussed. In addition, a simple technique for on-line computerized measurement of tidal volume and respiratory frequency is described. PMID- 3923272 TI - Application of Azure C for the extractive spectrophotometric determination of microgram amounts of penicillin. AB - A simple, accurate, and rapid method for the quantitative determination of penicillin is proposed. The method is based on the formation of a blue penicillin Azure-C ion-pair that can be extracted into chloroform in phosphate-citric acid buffer. The molar absorptivities for sodium penicillin G and potassium penicillin V at 635 nm were 5.46 X 10(3) and 2.19 X 10(4) l/mol/cm, respectively. Beer's law was valid over the concentration range of 4-80 micrograms/ml for sodium penicillin G and 3-55 micrograms/ml for potassium penicillin v. Maximum absorbance was obtained almost instantaneously and was stable for several days. The method was successfully applied to pharmaceutical preparations. PMID- 3923273 TI - Maximum likelihood estimation of subsequence conservation. AB - A statistical method is presented for comparing protein sequences by partitioning the polymers and estimating each subsegment's degree of conservation. Conservation is measured as a function of the number of transitions occurring in the underlying time homogeneous Markov process assumed to govern amino acid mutations. The Markovian assumption also permits estimation of the ancestral sequence. Partitioning and estimation are carried out via maximum likelihood. The method is contrasted with the commonly utilized percent homology measure. A moving likelihood ratio plot to aid in identifying regions of high conservation is suggested as an analogue to moving hydrophobicity plots. An application is presented which identifies highly conserved regions in thymidylate synthase from L. casei and E. coli. PMID- 3923274 TI - Combined heart-lung transplantation for terminal pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis. AB - Combined heart-lung transplantation with cyclosporine is reported in a 26-year old patient who presented with end-stage pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis. The operation was successful and the patient's rehabilitation excellent over the first 7 postoperative months. She then developed obliterative bronchiolitis of unknown origin. To our knowledge, this is the first published report of an out hospital survival after heart-lung transplantation for terminal nonvascular lung disease. PMID- 3923275 TI - Hypersensitivity of thymidine kinase-deficient Friend leukaemia cells to the induction of cytogenetic aberrations by mitomycin C. AB - Clone 707 of the Friend leukaemia cell line was compared with the hypermutable thymidine kinase deficient subclone 707 BUF for sensitivity to the induction of cytogenetic aberrations by mitomycin C (MMC). Two 16-h doses of MMC were utilized, namely 0.1 and 0.15 microgram ml-1. Following removal of MMC from the cultures, metaphase spreads were prepared after 15, 29 and 43 h growth in non selective medium. Thirteen types of aberrations were scored. The thymidine kinase deficient subclone showed considerably increased sensitivity to the induction of aberrations, with the aberrations also persisting longer. In light of these and earlier reported results, the significance of thymidine kinase for accurate DNA repair is discussed. PMID- 3923276 TI - Induction of T cell proliferation and cytotoxicity by lymphokines. PMID- 3923277 TI - Homogeneous interleukin 3 enhances arginase activity in murine hematopoietic cells. AB - Incubation of murine spleen and bone marrow cells with homogeneously purified interleukin 3 (IL-3) results in increased urea and ornithine production. This phenomenon is explained by a marked enhancement of arginase activity, assessed by transformation of labeled arginine into labeled urea during culture and by intracellular arginase assay. The enhancement of enzymatic activity is evident after 12 hours of incubation with IL-3, reaching a maximum after 24 hours. It is (1) dose dependent, (2) restricted to cells from hematopoietic organs (i.e., spleen and bone marrow), and (3) independent of cell proliferation, since irradiation of bone marrow cells does not abolish the arginase enhancing effect of IL-3 in spite of complete inhibition of proliferation. Furthermore, this new activity is specific to IL-3, since other colony-stimulating factors, i.e., granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and L cell-derived colony-stimulating factor (L-CSF), do not induce it. PMID- 3923278 TI - [Viral hepatitis in hemophiliac patients treated with commercial concentrates of factors VIII and IX]. PMID- 3923279 TI - [Existence of strains of Meningococcus resistant to penicillin]. PMID- 3923280 TI - [Mediterranean lymphoma with secretion of lambda IgA demonstrated by analysis with immunoperoxidases]. PMID- 3923281 TI - Management of parenteral nutrition aided by microcomputer. PMID- 3923282 TI - Cost-benefit evaluation of comprehensive medical care for cerebral strokes. PMID- 3923283 TI - [Experimental model of pancreas transplantation in the rat]. PMID- 3923284 TI - [Models and perspectives of pancreas transplantation in the rat. I. Comparison of various transplantation models in the syngeneic system]. AB - Pancreas transplants were grafted in rats using five different microsurgical techniques. Three of the techniques allowed exocrine drainage, namely pancreaticoduodenal transplantation, grafts with a duodenal patch, and grafts with exocrine drainage via a Roux-en-y-loop. Segmental transplants in which the duct system was ligated or occluded with Ethibloc were used as models without exocrine drainage. Donors and recipients were Lewis rats. Diabetes was induced in the recipients with streptozocin. Regular measurements of serum glucose and body weight served as functional controls. At the end of the observation period, the grafts were examined macroscopically and microscopically. Basically, all types of grafts allowed normalization of the blood sugar level. In grafts with ligated or occluded ducts, however, we observed functional failure due to fibrosis or abscesses. It became obvious that all grafts without exocrine drainage are subject to alternative processes that lead to the loss of exocrine tissue, to proliferation of the pancreatic ducts and to morphological changes in the islets. In successfully drained grafts, the morphology of the organ is lastingly preserved. In the rat model the most reliable management of exocrine drainage is afforded by pancreaticoduodenal grafts. PMID- 3923285 TI - [Models and perspectives of pancreas transplantation in the rat. II. Course of rejection of pancreaticoduodenal transplants of various histoincompatibility and the effect of temporary therapy with cyclosporin (Sandimmun)]. AB - Pancreaticoduodenal grafts were transplanted into streptozocin-induced diabetic recipients. Recipients of syngeneic grafts survived long term with functioning grafts. To investigate the rejection reaction in pancreaticoduodenal allografts, the organs were grafted in an MHC compatible but non-MHC incompatible strain combination (AS----LEW) and in a combination that is both MHC and non-MHC incompatible (DA----LEW). The functioning times were 12.4 +/- 4.0 days in the AS- --LEW group and 8.2 +/- 0.6 days in the DA----LEW group. A histologic study of the course of the rejection process showed that first the exocrine portion of the grafts, then the endocrine tissue, and finally the duodenum was destroyed. After the recipients of allografts were treated with an oral dose of 15 mg/kg/day Ciclosporin (Sandimmun) for 14 days p.op., the functioning times of the grafts increased to 47.5 +/- 14.4 days in the AS-LEW group and 26.0 +/- 0.5 days in the DA-LEW group. Histologic investigations showed that during the period in which Ciclosporin was given, only perivascular round cell infiltrates appeared with no visible destruction of the graft. After discontinuation of the medication basically the same histologic alterations occurred as in untreated allografts, however with a delay. PMID- 3923286 TI - Uptake of gamma-aminobutyric acid by human blood platelets: comparison with CNS uptake. AB - Human blood platelets show a sodium and temperature dependent uptake of gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) and other neuroactive amino acids. The most potent inhibitors tested of platelet GABA uptake were taurine and beta-alanine, while nipecotic acid and cis-3-aminocyclohexanecarboxylic acid were relatively weak inhibitors. These results suggest GABA is transported by a beta-amino acid uptake process in human platelets. Thus, platelet GABA uptake may more closely resemble glial rather than neuronal uptake. PMID- 3923287 TI - The mechanism of action of cyproheptadine on prolactin release by cultured anterior pituitary cells. AB - The role of a direct effect of serotonin (5-HT) on PRL secretion at the pituitary level is uncertain. The present study investigated the mechanism of action of the serotonin receptor-blocking agent cyproheptadine on PRL release by normal cultured rat anterior pituitary cells. Cyproheptadine (10 nM-10 microM) and its metabolite desmethylcyproheptadine (a compound which has lost its affinity for serotonin receptors) directly inhibited PRL release, while serotonin, investigated over a wide concentration range, did not reverse this inhibition. The cyproheptadine-mediated inhibition of PRL-release could be completely prevented by 50 microM verapamil. Cyproheptadine strongly inhibited TRH-induced PRL release in the absence, but not in the presence of verapamil. Our studies suggest that cyproheptadine inhibits PRL release at the pituitary level by a blockade of calcium influx at the cell membrane, without affecting the movement of Ca2+ between intracellular compartments. PMID- 3923288 TI - Posttransfusion non-A, non-B hepatitis. A prospective study. AB - We have prospectively studied the clinical data, prognostic factors and chronic liver sequelae in 68 patients who developed posttransfusion non-A, non-B hepatitis. The mean incubation period was 5.9 weeks with a range from 2.1 to 12 weeks; 63.5% of the patients were asymptomatic and 60.6% anicteric. The chronicity rate (elevated ALT values for a period of more than 6 months) was 67.6%. The chronicity rate of symptomatic hepatitis (95.5%) was significantly higher than that of asymptomatic hepatitis (54.5%) (P less than 0.01). Monophasic hepatitis, characterized by a rapid elevation in serum ALT followed by a rapid decline with no further fluctuations, had a chronicity rate (42.5%) significantly lower than polyphasic hepatitis (86.6%) (P less than 0.05) and plateau type hepatitis (94.4%) (P less than 0.01). Results of 35 liver biopsies carried out among 46 patients with elevated ALT after 6 months were as follows: chronic active hepatitis, 15 cases; prolonged acute hepatitis, 12 cases; chronic persistent hepatitis, 6 cases; posthepatitis liver changes, 1 case; and secondary hemosiderosis, 1 case. PMID- 3923289 TI - Preparation and water relaxation properties of proteins labeled with paramagnetic metal chelates. AB - The proteins bovine serum albumin (BSA) and bovine immunoglobulin (IgG) have been labeled with paramagnetic gadolinium (III) and manganese (II) complexes using the bifunctional chelate approach. Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) were attached to several free amino groups on the proteins using cyclic anhydride forms of these ligands. The incorporation of the metal ions Gd+3 and Mn+2 into the chelating groups yielded highly paramagnetic proteins. The water relaxation ability (or relaxivity) of the protein-bound chelates at 20 MHz was found to be superior to that of the free metal complexes. Differences in relaxivity between the DTPA and EDTA conjugates could largely be accounted for by differences in the metal ion exposure to water. This labeling technique can be used in the preparation of intravascular NMR contrast agents (like paramagnetically-labeled human serum albumin) or target specific agents (labeled monoclonal antibodies or fibrinogen). PMID- 3923290 TI - The use of proton relaxation enhancers in magnetic resonance imaging. PMID- 3923291 TI - Effects of the operating magnetic field on potential NMR contrast agents. AB - Paramagnetic metal ions have shown promise as contrast agents for nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging. Their ability depends upon modification of the relaxation times (T1 and T2) through dipolar interactions. These interactions cause the effectiveness of the agents to be sensitive to the operating magnetic field. Studies are presented of the operating field dependence (frequency dispersion) of two metal-chelate complexes, Gd+3-ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) and Mn+2-EDTA, in a physiologically balanced electrolyte solution. Inversion recovery experiments were performed on two concentrations of each metal chelate complex at five resonant frequencies. The frequency dispersion curves were similar in appearance for those of the corresponding aqueous solutions. The Mn+2 complex showed no unusual concentration effects. The Gd+3 complex showed an unexpected concentration dependence in the dispersion behavior. This is attributed to a difference in the dipolar correlation time between the two solutions. With its unique correlation time in electrolyte solutions, predictions of relaxation rate changes in studies in vivo may be easier for the Mn+2-EDTA complex. PMID- 3923292 TI - The use of Gd DTPA as a perfusion agent and marker of blood-brain barrier disruption. AB - To provide contrast enhancement in magnetic resonance imaging, a new class of compounds has been developed, the paramagnetic metal ion chelates. Gadolinium (Gd) DTPA, a prototype of this class, shows a sufficiently high in vivo stability and low toxicity for use in initial clinical trials. This type of agent, designed for rapid clearance by glomerular filtration, allows the assessment on MRI of renal function, alterations in tissue perfusion, myocardial ischemia, and perhaps most significantly disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Research at Vanderbilt has demonstrated these applications, with particular emphasis in three areas. Tissue perfusion changes, such as those produced by ligation of the arterial blood supply to portions of the spleen and kidney, cannot easily be detected on unenhanced MRI. These acute tissue infarcts can be readily identified following the administration of Gd DTPA. The question of field strength dependence of Gd DTPA has been addressed by experimentation at 0.15, 0.5, and 1.5 tesla. Furthermore, the ability to detect an alteration of the BBB, when present without associated edema, has been demonstrated with the application of control enhancement. The use of contrast agents in MRI will enhance both the sensitivity and specificity of magnetic resonance imaging. PMID- 3923293 TI - Dilute oral iron solutions as gastrointestinal contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging; initial clinical experience. AB - Delineation of the gastrointestinal tract in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) remains a problem. Ferric ammonium citrate is paramagnetic, producing a high MRI signal intensity by virtue of its spin-lattice (T1) relaxation rate enhancement properties. Water is diamagnetic, producing a low MRI signal intensity, especially with short TR and TE times. To compare efficacy for gastrointestinal contrast alteration, ferric ammonium citrate was administered to 18 patients and water was given to 10 patients. Spin-echo imaging at 0.35T was performed after administration of these agents. Ferric ammonium citrate produced high signal intensity within the esophagus, stomach, duodenum, and small intestine that aided in the differentiation of the gastrointestinal tract from adjacent tumors, vessels, and viscera. Delineation of the gut wall was superior using ferric ammonium citrate compared to that produced by water. Delineation of the margins of the pancreas, liver, and kidney from adjacent gastrointestinal tract was also better with ferric ammonium citrate. Optimal distinction between bowel and fat was better with water. Longer TE times (75 to 200 ms) may allow improved contrast between gut and intrabdominal fat using ferric ammonium citrate. PMID- 3923294 TI - [Possibilities for improving methods of radiotherapy of esophageal cancer]. AB - The authors considered 3 variants of radiation therapy of esophageal cancer using megavoltage radiation sources: standard methods including a continuous course, optimized planning including a continuous and split irradiation course. In the use of megavoltage sources and a continuous irradiation course the 5-year survival was 8.8%. The use of a split course in rational dosimetric planning made it possible to improve the 3-year survival up to 22.4% in a split course and up to 11.2% in a continuous course. The use of the optimum dosimetric planning made it possible while irradiationg esophageal cancer patients to reduce radiation exposure of the pulmonary tissue and to achieve a decrease of severe forms of radiation pneumonia. PMID- 3923295 TI - [Intensive preoperative electron therapy in the combined treatment of melanoma of the skin]. AB - The authors presented 5-year results of combined therapy of malignant skin melanoma in 120 patients; of them 75 had primary skin melanoma, 45 recurrences in the scar, melanoma metastases to the skin, lymph nodes and soft tissues after inadequate treatment of primary melanoma. Preoperative intensive large fractionated radiotherapy with energy regulated fast electrons was used. In the group of patients with primary melanomas, the general 5-year survival was 73.3%, for Stage T1N0M0 93.8%, in the group of patients with secondary signs of melanoma 34.8%. This method of melanoma treatment made it possible to improve 5-year results, to reduce the time of treatment, to prevent the development of local recurrences; it did not cause radiation injuries. PMID- 3923296 TI - [ECG changes during radiotherapy of stomach cancer]. AB - Myocardial diffuse dystrophic changes were recorded on the ECG of patients with stomach cancer of different site. After a preoperative course of radiation therapy in the summary focal dose up to 24 Gy these changes were aggravated in 63% of cases: changes in the voltage of the QRS complex waves, amplitudes of P and T waves, S-T intervals and the heart rate were noted. The most pronounced ECG changes developed in patients with tumors in the proximal part of the stomach when radiation exposure of the heart corresponded to 100% of a focal dose. The voltage of the QRS complex waves decreased, the amplitude of P waves increased, a rise of the S-T interval was noted, the amplitude of T waves decreased. PMID- 3923297 TI - Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in nephrotic rats: increased sensitivity to negative feedback effects of testosterone. AB - Pituitary-testicular function was examined in adult male rats with aminonucleoside-induced nephrotic syndrome as a model for similar disease in humans. Nephrotic rats developed androgen deficiency, as manifested by decreased prostate and seminal vesicle weights, lower serum total and free testosterone levels, and reduced testosterone release from testes incubated in vitro. Despite hypoandrogenism, the weight and histologic appearance of the testes (light microscopy) were not affected in nephrotic rats. This androgen deficiency seemed to be a consequence of decreased gonadotropin output rather than primary testicular failure, since both pituitary gonadotropin content and serum gonadotropin levels (basally and after luteinizing hormone releasing factor; LHRH) were reduced in nephrotic rats. In addition, the percentage increase in testosterone release by testes incubated in vitro after addition of exogenous gonadotropin was similar in nephrotic and control groups. However, gonadotropin output in nephrotic rats was not impaired in the absence of testis, since no reduction was seen in either post-castration serum gonadotropin levels in vivo or gonadotropin release from pituitaries incubated in vitro. This presumed inhibitory effect of the testis on gonadotropin output in nephrotic rats was confirmed directly by demonstrating an increased sensitivity to testosterone mediated suppression of gonadotropins in castrate animals in vivo. The presence or absence of albumin also seemed to modulate the suppressive effect of testosterone on gonadotropin output from normal pituitaries incubated in vitro. We conclude that nephrotic male rats develop hypogonadotropic hypogonadism secondary to an increase in sensitivity of the pituitary to the negative feedback effects of testosterone. PMID- 3923298 TI - Regulation of haemolysin synthesis in E. coli determined by HLY genes of human origin. AB - We have previously reported the secretion of a 107K polypeptide into the medium from a haemolytic E. coli K12 strain (Mackman and Holland 1984a). In addition, we demonstrated that haemolysin production was correlated with the presence of this polypeptide in the growth medium in a large number of E. coli isolates of human and animal origin (Mackman and Holland 1984b). In this paper we confirm that the 107K polypeptide is indeed haemolysin: both haemolytic activity and the 107K polypeptide show a similar pattern of accumulation during the growth cycle; identical levels are produced in three different growth media; they have the same half-life in minimal medium. The results also show that the expression of haemolysin is not influenced by the growth medium or subject to catabolite repression. However, expression is apparently switched off as cells enter the late exponential phase of growth. Finally, we present data indicating that the previously reported variation in haemolysin production in different media is entirely due to the instability of the haemolysin itself. Degradation of the 107K polypeptide in the medium was accompanied by the accumulation of a major breakdown product of 60K. PMID- 3923299 TI - Expression of the RAD1 and RAD3 genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is not affected by DNA damage or during the cell division cycle. AB - The RAD1 and RAD3 genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae are required for excision repair of UV damaged DNA. In addition, the RAD3 gene is essential since rad3 deletions are recessive lethals. We have examined the induction of the RAD1 and RAD3 genes by DNA damage and during the cell division cycle. We have made fusions of the RAD1 and RAD3 genes with the Escherichia coli lacZ gene encoding beta galactosidase. Beta-galactosidase activity was measured in a Rad+ yeast strain containing the RAD1-lacZ or the RAD3-lacZ fusion, either in a multicopy replicating plasmid or as a single copy integrant resulting from transformation with an integrating plasmid which transforms yeast by homologous recombination in the yeast genome. No induction of beta-galactosidase activity occurred after ultraviolet light (UV) or 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (NQO) treatment. Haploid cells of mating type a were synchronized by treatment with alpha factor and beta galactosidase activity was determined during different cell cycle stages. No change in beta-galactosidase activity was observed in the strain containing the RAD1-lacZ or the RAD3-lacZ fusion integrated in the yeast genome. PMID- 3923300 TI - A transcription termination signal immediately precedes the coding sequence for the chloramphenicol-inducible plasmid gene cat-86. AB - The plasmid gene cat-86 specifies chloramphenicol-inducible, chloramphenicol acetyltransferase in Bacillus subtilis. The inducible regulation is independent of the promoter that is used to activate cat-86 and is independent of the cat-86 coding sequence. We have proposed that the regulation of cat-86 results from the transcription of a pair of inverted-repeat sequences that immediately precede the coding sequence. These transcripts are predicted to sequester the cat-86 ribosome binding site in a stable RNA stem-loop which, in theory, should block the ribosome binding site from pairing with 16S rRNA. Inducible expression of cat-86 may therefore result in part from regulation of the translation of cat-86 mRNA. However, chloramphenicol-induction correlates with increased levels of cat-86 mRNA and the RNA stem-loop preceding the cat-86 coding sequence structurally resembles a rho-independent transcription terminator. We have therefore tested the inverted-repeats as a potential site of transcription termination. Transcription studies performed in vitro using SP6 RNA polymerase and in vivo by S1 mapping demonstrate that a substantial fraction of the potential cat-86 transcripts terminate at a site immediately 3' to the inverted-repeats. The results of the in vivo experiments suggest that the termination signal may be partially relieved by growth of cells in chloramphenicol. PMID- 3923302 TI - When your patients ask about being crippled with angina. PMID- 3923301 TI - Alteration of the gene for xanthine dehydrogenase in Drosophila following treatment with wildtype DNA. AB - Microinjection of whole genome DNA into Drosophila embryos can result in a variety of changes to the host genome. In the experiments reported here, wildtype DNA is injected into mutant animals lacking xanthine dehydrogenase activity by virtue of a mutation in the structural gene for the enzyme, the rosy gene. Animals with wildtype eye pigmentation and normal levels of xanthine dehydrogenase result from the treatment. Analysis of the electrophoretic mobility of the enzyme in the altered stocks indicates, in four of five cases, that the restoration of activity coincides with changes in electrophoretic mobility. The changes which occur are consistent with acquisition of sequence from the donor DNA and, in two cases, provide evidence for recombination between homologous sequences. PMID- 3923303 TI - The Aquatic Ape Theory: evidence and a possible scenario. AB - Much more than other primates, man has several features that are seen more often in aquatic than terrestrial mammals: nakedness, thick subcutaneous fat-layer, stretched hindlimbs, voluntary respiration, dilute urine etc. The Aquatic Ape Theory states that our ancestors once spent a significant part of their life in water. Presumably, early apes were plant and fruit eaters in tropical forests. Early hominids also ate aquatic food; at first mainly weeds and tubers, later sea shore animals, especially shellfish. With the Pleistocene cooling, our ancestors returned to land and became bipedal omnivores and scavengers and later hunters of coastal and riverside animals. PMID- 3923304 TI - Amiodarone. The dilemma of hyperthyroxinaemia and the treatment of thyrotoxicosis. AB - The use of amiodarone, a drug which is prescribed increasingly as an anti-anginal and anti-arrhythmic agent, necessitates a high index of suspicion for the development of thyroid disorders, especially thyrotoxicosis. Two cases, which illustrate the diagnostic dilemma of hyperthyroxinaemia and the poor response to antithyroid medication, are described. During amiodarone therapy, the clinical features of thyrotoxicosis may be masked or atypical, and the choice of therapy is complicated by a delayed response to thioamide drugs and possible contraindication for beta-blocking agents which necessitates the use of glucocorticoid drugs in some patients. PMID- 3923305 TI - [Use of chlorhexidine as an alternative to a periodontal surgical pack]. PMID- 3923306 TI - Drownings--Georgia, 1981-1983. PMID- 3923307 TI - Arboviral infections of the central nervous system--United States, 1984. PMID- 3923308 TI - Illnesses possibly associated with smoking clove cigarettes. PMID- 3923309 TI - Tuberculosis--United States, 1984. PMID- 3923310 TI - Measles--United States, 1984. PMID- 3923311 TI - Recommendations for protection against viral hepatitis. PMID- 3923312 TI - Pregnancy risk factor assessment--north area of Santiago, Chile, 1982-1983. PMID- 3923313 TI - Smallpox vaccine. PMID- 3923314 TI - Investigation of a smallpox rumor--Mexico. PMID- 3923315 TI - Legionellosis--Staffordshire, England, and Wayne County, Michigan. PMID- 3923316 TI - Observations of reproductive functions among workers in an oil refinery- Louisiana. PMID- 3923317 TI - Suicide--United States, 1970-1980. PMID- 3923318 TI - Listeriosis outbreak associated with Mexican-style cheese--California. PMID- 3923319 TI - Fatal degenerative neurologic disease in patients who received pituitary-derived human growth hormone. PMID- 3923320 TI - Measles--North America, 1984. PMID- 3923321 TI - Intravenous quinidine gluconate in the treatment of severe Plasmodium falciparum infections. PMID- 3923322 TI - A centennial celebration: Pasteur and the modern era of immunization. PMID- 3923323 TI - Pertussis--Washington, 1984. PMID- 3923324 TI - Dental caries in American Indian and Alaskan native children. PMID- 3923325 TI - Neurologic findings among workers exposed to fenthion in a veterinary hospital- Georgia. PMID- 3923326 TI - [Whole body protein turnover, synthesis and breakdown in patients receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN) before and after recovery from surgical stress]. AB - This study was conducted to clarify the mechanisms underlying the loss of body nitrogen after trauma. Six patients who underwent abdominal surgery and six for control were studied. The measurement of whole body protein turnover was made on the third and tenth postoperative day during TPN with constant infusion of [15N] glycine according to Picou and Taylor-Roberts. The measurement was also made on six control patients during TPN in non-stressed state. The rates of whole body protein turnover (Q), synthesis (S) and breakdown (B) were calculated from the plateau 15N enrichment of urinary total N, which was analyzed with a mass spectrometer. The values were compared with control and the changes in the individual patients were examined by a paired t-test. Immediately after operation, Q and B were significantly elevated (p less than 0.05 and p less than 0.02, respectively), and reduced with the improvement of N-balance after recovery from stress by 0.95 +/- 0.21 and 0.61 +/- 0.13 g X protein/kg X day, respectively. The changes in Q and B were statistically significant (p less than 0.005 and p less than 0.005, respectively). Whereas, no tendency of alteration in S was found throughout the study. It is concluded that protein turnover rate increases in surgical stress, and that the increased protein catabolism rather than the alteration in synthesis could account for the postoperative nitrogen losses. PMID- 3923327 TI - Dose response for induction of two cytochrome P-450 isozymes and their mRNAs by 3,4,5,3'4'5'-hexachlorobiphenyl indicating coordinate regulation in rat liver. AB - The present study compares the time course and dose-response curves for induction of the two major 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC)-inducible isozymes of cytochrome P 450 and their mRNAs in livers of male rats after administration of 3,4,5,3'4'5' hexachlorobiphenyl (HCB). Isozyme concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay. The corresponding translatable mRNAs were measured by translation of polysomes in a cell-free translational system followed by immunoprecipitation and electrophoretic analysis of the translational products. The time course for induction of the two isozymes by HCB indicated that cytochrome P-448MC (P-450c) peaked sooner than P-448HCB (P450d). However, the time course for induction of the two mRNAs was identical. The dose-response curves for induction of the two isozymes and their mRNAs demonstrated that the ED50 for induction of P-448MC was identical to that of P-448HCB, suggesting that the two proteins are induced coordinately by this compound in liver. HCB did not induce P-450PB (the major phenobarbital-inducible isozyme) or affect mRNA levels for this isozyme. Although cytochrome P-448HCB is the predominant cytochrome in liver microsomes from HCB-induced rats, the magnitude of the induction of this isozyme (40-fold) is lower than that of P-448MC (600-fold), because cytochrome P 448HCB is present in higher concentrations in livers of untreated rats than P 448MC (90 versus 3 pmol/mg). Polysomes from control rats also contain more translationally active P-448HCB mRNA than P-448MC mRNA (0.009 versus 0.003% of the total translational products). The increase in the translatable mRNAs (12 fold for P-448HCB mRNA and 40-fold for P-448MC mRNA) was less than the increase in the isozymes. The discrepancy between the magnitude of the induction of the isozymes and their respective mRNAs suggests that factors other than an increase in mRNA influence the magnitude of the increase of the isozymes by HCB. However, HCB did not affect translational efficiency of total mRNA as measured in vitro in the present study. Differences in half-lives of the proteins or effects of HCB on the stability of the proteins might account for the magnitude of the increase in the isozymes after HCB treatment. PMID- 3923328 TI - [X-ray study of chymosin. I. Molecular replacement at a 3 angstroms resolution]. AB - The determination of the three dimensional structure of chymosin at 3 A resolution by molecular replacement method is described. The rotation functions for various aspartic proteases were calculated and combined results were used for the refinement of orientational parameters of chymosin molecules in the unit cell. The interpretation of Crowther-Blow translation function map with packing consideration enable to place correctly the molecules in the chymosin unit cell. Several difference Fourier syntheses for chymosin were calculated and differences between pepsin and chymosin structures were detected. PMID- 3923329 TI - [Combined effect of heat shock and ecdysone on the transcription of Drosophila melanogaster polytene chromosomes]. AB - The combined action of ecdysone and temperature elevation (heat shock) on D. melanogaster polytene chromosome transcription has been investigated. It was shown that heat shock while blocking the transcription in ecdysone--induced puffs is not effective in decreasing their size. Thus we are able to observe chromatin decondensation without transcription. The indirect immunofluorescence using an antiserum directed against DNA/RNA hybrids revealed an intense fluorescence in the polytene chromosomes of heat shocked larvae both in the actively transcribed heat shock puffs and in ecdysone stimulated "primary puffs" with blocked transcription. Ecdysone introduced into the media during heat shock is unable to induce any puffs. On the other hand the hormone introduced into the media after temperature elevation (30' of heat shock + 1 hour of ecdysone stimulation) induces some of the "primary puffs". A new approach for cloning the genes inducible by ecdysone and other inducible loci as well has been developed using the data obtained. PMID- 3923331 TI - Quantum-chemical studies of aflatoxin B1, sterigmatocystin and versicolorin A, and a comparison with their mutagenic activity. AB - The INDO atomic charges q and Wiberg bond indices p (in electrons) were calculated for aflatoxin B1, sterigmatocystin and versicolorin A. The C-2-C-3 bond in these compounds has the same bond order and is predicted to be the most reactive towards epoxidation. The electronic effects do not explain the observed differences in mutagenicity and toxicity. PMID- 3923332 TI - Microinjected photoreactivating enzymes from Anacystis and Saccharomyces monomerize dimers in chromatin of human cells. AB - Photoreactivating enzymes (PRE) from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the cyanobacterium Anacystis nidulans have been injected into the cytoplasm of repair proficient human fibroblasts in culture. After administration of photoreactivation light, PRE-injected cells displayed a significantly lower level of UV-induced unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) than non-injected cells. This indicates that monomerization of the UV-induced pyrimidine dimers in the mammalian chromatin had occurred as a result of photoreactivation by the injected PRE at the expense of repair by the endogenous excision pathway. Purified PRE from yeast is able to reduce UDS to 20-25% of the UDS found in non-injected cells, whereas the in vitro more active PRE from A. nidulans gives a reduction to only 70%. This suggests that the eukaryotic enzyme is more efficient in the removal of pyrimidine dimers from mammalian chromatin than its equivalent purified from the prokaryote A. nidulans. PMID- 3923333 TI - The SOS Chromotest, a colorimetric bacterial assay for genotoxins: procedures. AB - The SOS Chromotest is a quantitative bacterial colorimetric assay for genotoxins. Substantial validation is now available (Quillardet et al., 1985). We describe here in detail the tester strain as well as the effects of the variation of some parameters on the assay. We report a simple spot-test procedure as well as a new standard procedure which incorporate recent technical improvements aimed at simplifying the assay further. PMID- 3923330 TI - Purification and characterization of human H-ras proteins expressed in Escherichia coli. AB - The full-length normal and T24 mutant human H-ras proteins and two truncated derivatives of the T24 mutant were expressed efficiently in Escherichia coli. The proteins accumulated to 1 to 5% of total cellular protein, and each was specifically recognized by anti-ras monoclonal antibodies. The two full-length proteins as well as a carboxyl-terminal truncated derivative (deleted for 23 amino acid residues) were soluble upon cell lysis and were purified to 90% homogeneity without the use of denaturants. In contrast, an amino-terminal truncated ras derivative (deleted for 22 amino acid residues) required treatment with urea for its solubilization. The guanine nucleotide binding activity of these four proteins was assessed by a combination of ligand binding on proteins blots, immunoprecipitation, and standard filter binding procedures. The full length proteins showed similar binding kinetics and a stoichiometry approaching 1 mol of GTP bound per mol of protein. The showed similar binding kinetics and a stoichiometry approaching 1 mol of GTP bound per mol of protein. The carboxyl terminal truncated protein also bound GTP, but to a reduced extent, whereas the amino-terminal truncated protein did not have binding activity. Apparently, the carboxyl-terminal domain of ras, although important for transforming function, does not play a critical role in GTP binding. PMID- 3923334 TI - Detection and chemical identification of natural bio-antimutagens. A case of the green tea factor. AB - A bio-antimutagen, isolated from Japanese green tea (leaves of Camellia sinensis), reduced high spontaneous mutations due to altered DNA-polymerase III in a mutator strain of Bacillus subtilis. Chemical studies showed that the factor was epigallo-catechin-gallate (EGCg). PMID- 3923335 TI - Studies on mutagen-sensitive strains of Drosophila melanogaster, VIII. Further data on differences between Canton-S and ebony strains with respect to maternal effects for the X-ray induction of autosomal translocations and ring-X chromosome losses in mature spermatozoa. AB - The influence of the maternal genotype (Canton-S, proficient in the repair of X ray-induced chromosome breaks and ebony, less proficient in this regard) on the recovery of X-ray-induced autosomal (II-III) translocations and ring-X chromosome losses in mature spermatozoa was studied. In the first series of experiments, males carrying appropriate markers on their second and third chromosomes were irradiated and mated to Canton-S or ebony females and the frequencies of II-III translocations were determined. In the second series of experiments, males carrying ring-X chromosomes were irradiated in N2 or in O2, mated to Canton-S or ebony females and the frequencies of XO males were determined; additionally, under similar gas-treatment and radiation conditions, the pattern of egg mortality was also assessed. The data on translocations show that the yields are higher with ebony than with Canton-S females; these and earlier results on dominant lethals and sex-linked recessive lethals support the interpretation that the maternal repair system in the ebony strain is less proficient and more error prone than that of the Canton-S strain. Those on the losses of ring-X chromosomes demonstrate that (i) the absolute yields of XO males are lower with ebony than with Canton-S females irrespective of whether the parental males are irradiated in N2 or in O2; (ii) the exposure-frequency relationships are all linear, but the slopes are higher when the males are irradiated in O2 and are consistent with an oxygen-enhancement-ratio of about 1.5 and (iii) the relationships between the logarithm of egg-survival and XO male frequency are also linear, but the slopes for the O2 groups are lower than those for the N2 groups (slope ratios of 0.86 0.87). The finding that at given survival levels, the XO frequencies are lower in the O2 than in the N2 groups of both the Canton-S and ebony series viewed in the context of the mechanisms that have been postulated to explain the loss of ring-X chromosomes in irradiated mature spermatozoa permits the following interpretation for the observed results: (i) a higher proportion of potential XO zygotes is lost through dominant lethality in the O2 groups than in the N2 ones presumably because the chromosome breaks induced in O2 are qualitatively different in the sense that they have a higher probability to undergo reunions relative to restitution, compared with breaks induced under anoxia and (ii) this leads to lower than expected oxygen-enhancement ratios (i.e., expected on the basis of published data on sex-linked recessive lethals, another kind of genetic damage which shows a linear exposure-frequency relationship. PMID- 3923336 TI - Mutagen sensitivity of Drosophila melanogaster. VIII. The influence of the mei 41D5, mus(1)101D1, mus(1)102D1, mus(1)103D1, mus(2)205A1, and mus(3)310D1 loci on alkylation-induced mutagenesis. PMID- 3923337 TI - Analysis of hexamethylphosphoramide (HMPA)-induced genetic alterations in relation to DNA damage and DNA repair in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - This paper reports the results of a study on the mutagenic profile of HMPA in Drosophila melanogaster. HMPA produced all types of genetic damage tested for in post-meiotic cells of treated males; at the concentrations used, recessive lethals and ring-X losses were induced at significant rates while 2-3 translocations, entire and partial Y-chromosome losses only occurred at low rates. From a comparison with alkylation-induced mutational spectra, we note a number of peculiarities of HMPA mutagenesis: there is no storage effect on HMPA induced translocations; the ratio of F2-lethals: F3-lethals varies from 6:1 to 9:1, indicating a low capacity of HMPA for delayed mutations; the use of the DNA repair-deficient mei-9L1 females instead of an excision-proficient control strain has no influence on the recovery of mutations (recessive lethals) induced in males; the high frequencies of chromosome loss (CL) induced by HMPA, which are mostly due to ring-X loss, leads us to speculate that one (or more) of its metabolites acts as a DNA-crosslinking agent. In experiments on maternal effects with mei-9LI females, there is a 20-40% reduction in the rates of induced CL. Conversely, with mei-41D5 females, there is a weak increase in CL frequencies. HPLC analysis of DNA reacted with [14C]HMPA exhibits no methylation at the O6 or the N-7 of guanine. This finding, together with the observed inactivity of hexaethylphosphoramide (HEPA) in the recessive lethal assay, suggests that the formation of DNA-bound forms from HMPA may not be the result of simple methylation reactions. This conclusion is supported by the genetic data, i.e., the lack of a storage effect on HMPA-induced chromosome rearrangements. Consistent with a hypothesis by Brodberg et al. (1983) to explain the action of cisplatin in Drosophila, comparisons of the spectra of genetic alterations produced by HMPA, A 139 (bifunctional) and Thio-TEPA (trifunctional) in the assay for chromosome loss suggest the involvement of two distinct mechanisms in the formation of ring-X loss by crosslinking agents. One pathway concerns induction of chromosome loss as a consequence of sister-chromatid exchanges (SCEs). The second mechanism may be due to DNA adducts or a single adduct responsible for both a fraction of CL and for induced partial Y-loss (PL). Inactivation of the mei-9+ function has two consequences: SCE-mediated ring-X loss frequency is lowered in mei-9 females in comparison to the repair-proficient control strain, while the opposite effect is indicated for that fraction of ring-X loss generated by the second mutational pathway.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3923338 TI - Distribution of MR-induced sex-linked recessive lethal mutations in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - In the 'doubling-dose' method currently used in genetic risk evaluation, two principle assumptions are made and these are: (1) there is proportionality between spontaneous and induced mutations and (2) the lesions that lead to spontaneous and induced mutations are essentially similar. The studies reported in this paper were directed at examining the validity of these two assumptions in Drosophila. An analysis was made of the distribution of sex-linked recessive lethals induced by MR, one of the well-studied mutator systems in Drosophila. Appropriate genetic complementation tests with 15 defined X-chromosome duplications showed that MR-induced lethals occurred at many sites along the X chromosome (in contrast to the known locus specificity of MR-induced visible mutations); some, but not all these sites at which recessive lethals arose in the MR-system are the same as those known to be hot-spots for X-ray-induced lethals. With in situ hybridization we were able to demonstrate that a majority of MR induced lethals is associated with a particular mobile DNA sequence, the P element, i.e. they arose as a result of transposition. The differences between the profiles of MR-induced and X-ray-induced recessive lethals, and the nature of MR-induced and X-ray-induced mutations, thus raise questions about the validity of the assumptions involved in the use of the 'doubling-dose' method. PMID- 3923339 TI - Influence of incorporated bromodeoxyuridine on the induction of chromosomal alterations by ionizing radiation and long-wave UV in CHO cells. AB - Incorporation of BrdUrd into nuclear DNA sensitizes CHO cells (1) to the induction of chromosomal aberrations by X-rays and 0.5 MeV neutrons and (2) to induction of chromosomal aberrations and SCEs by lw-UV. We have attempted to establish a correlation between induced chromosomal alterations and induced single- or double-strand breaks in DNA. The data show that while DSBs correlate very well with X-ray-induced aberrations, no clear correlation could be established between lw-UV induced SSBs (including alkali-labile sites) and chromosomal alterations. In addition the effect of 3-aminobenzamide (3AB) on the induction of chromosomal aberrations and SCEs induced by lw-UV has been determined. It is shown that 3AB is without any effect when lw-UV-irradiated cells are posttreated with this inhibitor. The significance of these results is discussed. PMID- 3923340 TI - An explanation of interspecific differences in sensitivity to X-ray-induced chromosome aberrations and a consideration of dose-response curves. AB - Using 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (AraC) which is an inhibitor of DNA repair resynthesis, previous studies have shown that the frequency of chromosome type aberrations is influenced by the rate of repair of araC-inhibitable DNA damage. The experiments described here are a further test of this hypothesis and also an attempt to determine if the different sensitivities of lymphocytes of different species to X-ray-induced aberrations are related to the rate of endonucleolytic incision during repair of DNA damage. Unstimulated lymphocytes from 4 species were exposed to an X-ray dose of 200 rad, and then incubated with araC for 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 h. The aberration frequencies increased in all species up to 3-4 h. It was also clear that the rate of increase was different between species and was approximately proportional to the ratios of X-ray-induced aberrations observed in the absence of araC. For example, human lymphocytes are approximately twice as sensitive as rabbit lymphocytes to the induction of aberrations by X-rays and the rate of increase of aberrations in the presence of araC was about twice as great in human as rabbit lymphocytes. In addition, using 50, 100, 200 or 300 rad of X-rays and treating human lymphocytes for 0, 1, 2 or 3 h in araC post-irradiation, we have shown that the rate of increase in aberrations is proportional to the amount of araC-inhibitable DNA damage; with a limiting dose at about 50 rad. These results appear to provide a basis for interpreting differences in sensitivities to aberration induction among mammalian species. PMID- 3923341 TI - Some observations on the localization of mitomycin C-induced aberrations in human lymphocytes. AB - Actively cycling human lymphocytes were treated with mitomycin C for 1 h (1.4 micrograms/ml) and then grown in medium containing 10 micrograms/ml bromodeoxyuridine. Serial 5-h colcemid accumulation samples were taken up to 35 h and the air-dried methaphase spreads stained for replication banding. A complete cell-cycle subphasing analysis was made, and classified cells scored for all categories of chromatid-type aberrations and their location. In spite of the high dose which produced massive delay and cycle perturbation, there was no evidence for selective lethality of early-S cells, in fact such cells were in excess. Extreme localization of aberrations to late-replicating (mostly centromeric) regions was found at all subphases and in pre-S cells. This rules out 'localization by default' as an explanation for the observed preferential occurrence of 'break points' in these regions. The frequency of incomplete intrachanges, low in late S, rises dramatically in early S to become maximal in pre-S cells. PMID- 3923342 TI - Synergistic enhancement of the frequency of chromatid aberrations in cultured human lymphocytes by combinations of inhibitors of DNA repair. AB - Whole-blood cultures of human lymphocytes were exposed in the G2-phase to caffeine and to 4 inhibitors of DNA synthesis, hydroxyurea (HU), 2' deoxyadenosine (dAdo), 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (araC) and aphidicolin (Aph), either individually or in pairs resulting in 10 different possible combinations. Since dAdo is rapidly deaminated in whole-blood cultures, all treatments involving dAdo were carried out in the presence of an inhibitor of the enzyme adenosine deaminase (ADA). The G2-treatments were carried out on 3 different types of culture, (1) cultures that had not previously been exposed to any mutagenic treatment, (2) cultures that had been irradiated with 0.4 Gy of X rays 3.5 h before harvesting, and (3) cultures that had been exposed for 2 h to 4 X 10(-5) M thiotepa (TT) in G0 immediately before stimulation with phytohaemagglutinin. The aim of the study was to find out in which combinations the inhibitors enhanced synergistically the frequencies of spontaneous and induced chromatid aberrations. In all 3 types of experiment, synergistic effects were observed with most of the 10 combinations, those involving HU being particularly effective. A very strong synergistic enhancement was also obtained when dAdo was combined with Aph. PMID- 3923343 TI - Spontaneous and mutagen-induced sister chromatid exchange in motor neurone disease. AB - Spontaneous and mutagen-induced sister-chromatid exchange frequencies have been studied in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of 6 patients with motor neurone disease. Their values were compared with those obtained in age- and sex-matched healthy controls. No significant differences were observed between the 2 groups. These results do not support the hypothesis of a defect in the repair of DNA damage as the primary abnormality in the development of the disease. PMID- 3923344 TI - Poly(ADP-ribose) synthesis is involved in the toxic effects of alkylating agents but does not regulate DNA repair. AB - Poly(ADP-ribose) is a nuclear polymer that is synthesized in response to DNA strand breaks and covalently modifies numerous nuclear proteins. Inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase by 3-amino-benzamide in cells exposed to DNA-damaging agents has a variety of cellular effects, including increases in cell killing, frequency of single-strand breaks, repair replication, and sister-chromatid exchange. These increases have been interpreted as an indication that poly(ADP ribose) polymerization regulates the rate of ligation. Because of slow ligation, continued repair polymerization should therefore generate longer repair patches. Direct measurement of the rate of ligation of intracellular repair patches and of the size of repair patches indicates that they are unchanged when poly(ADP ribose) polymerization is inhibited. We therefore conclude that poly(ADP-ribose) does not regulate the ligation stage of repair but instead may regulate the activity of intracellular nucleases and other enzymes that can cause additional DNA damage and changes in chromatin structure. PMID- 3923345 TI - The genotoxicity of selenium. AB - Selenium at nutritional levels has been shown to have numerous anticarcinogenic or preventative effects against carcinogen-induced breast, colon, liver and skin cancer in animals. Many of these anticarcinogenic effects have been summarized. In addition, numerous mutagenic and antimutagenic effects of selenium compounds have been reported. Some of the selenium compounds frequently tested for mutagenicity are listed in Table 1. Because of the numerous reported anticarcinogenic and preventative effects of selenium, many individuals are supplementing their diets with amounts of selenium that are greater than the recommended daily requirement. Selenium is also used widely in industrial products such as selenium rectifiers, photoelectric batteries, alloys and paints. Because selenium at higher levels is known to be toxic, there should be a greater understanding about its genotoxic as well as its beneficial effect. The object of this review is to summarize experimental evidence both for the antimutagenic and the mutagenic effect of selenium. PMID- 3923346 TI - An assessment of the in vivo rat hepatocyte DNA-repair assay. AB - The in vivo rat hepatocyte autoradiographic assay for unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) described by Mirsalis et al, and its in vitro counterpart described earlier by Williams have been employed by us for 4 years. Our experience is that the in vivo assay performs as described in the literature. We have therefore concentrated in this initial paper on the key practical factors we have found to govern the assay sensitivity and reproducibility. This has been achieved by a discussion of the assay performance with two potent rat hepatocarcinogens [the novel azo compound 6-dimethylaminophenylazobenzthiazole (6BT) and the reference agent 2-acetylaminofluorene (2AAF)] and a non-carcinogen of similar structure to 6BT [5-dimethylaminophenylazoindazole (51)]. Assay responses were compared with the effect of these chemicals in the Salmonella mutation assay. We conclude that the in vivo liver UDS assay has a critical role to play as a complement to rodent bone marrow cytogenic assays when conducting assessment studies on agents defined as genotoxic in vitro. However, the in vivo assay is resource-consuming and false results could consequently arise due to incomplete evaluations. Methods to counteract this danger are discussed and criteria for assessing weak UDS responses are suggested. PMID- 3923347 TI - Differential mutagenic activity of IQ (2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline) in Salmonella typhimurium strains in vitro and in vivo, in Drosophila, and in mice. AB - IQ, a heterocyclic aromatic amine which is formed during the frying of meat, was prepared by chemical synthesis. Its genotoxic potential was studied in bacteria, Drosophila and in mice. A mutagenic effect of IQ (frameshift induction) was detected in Salmonella typhimurium in experiments without metabolic activation; this effect was several orders of magnitude lower than that observed in the presence of an activation system. Ames tests with liver-homogenate S9 fraction from PCB-induced mice and rats confirmed the high mutagenic potency of IQ metabolites (Kasai et al., 1980a). Comparative studies on diagnostic Salmonella strains revealed that the high frameshift-inducing activity is independent of the plasmid pkM101; it is, however, greatly reduced by an intact excision-repair system for DNA lesions. The mutagenic activity of the metabolite(s) formed in vitro by S9 mix has a half-life of ca. 14 min. In the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, IQ induced when used at sublethal concentrations, X-chromosomal recessive lethal mutations in male germ cells in a dose-dependent manner. In mice, tests were performed to detect somatic mutations: chromosomal anomalies (micronuclei) in bone marrow, and gene mutations (affecting coat pigmentation) in mice exposed to IQ in utero. No genotoxic effects were observed in these assays. However, the formation of mutagenic metabolites in the liver of IQ-treated mice was unequivocally demonstrated in host-mediated assays using Salmonella as mutagen probes in mice. The data demonstrate genotoxic activity of IQ in prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. The possible reasons for the different response of mammalian systems in vivo and the Salmonella system are discussed. PMID- 3923348 TI - The size of micronuclei in human lymphocytes varies according to inducing agent used. AB - Micronuclei were induced in vitro in human lymphocytes by mitomycin C, X-rays, vincristine, and colcemid and analyzed in cells with preserved cytoplasm. The micronucleus/cell nucleus ratio was measured. It was found that micronuclei induced by mitomycin C and X-rays were significantly smaller than those formed by vincristine and colcemid. Thus, in spite of the wide size span of human chromosomes, it could be shown that it is possible to differentiate between micronuclei formed by spindle-damaging agents (vincristine and colcemid) and those induced by agents directly damaging the chromosomes (mitomycin C and X rays). Mitomycin C-induced micronuclei were smaller than those induced by X-rays, probably because the former agent preferentially produces chromatid fragments and the latter chromosome fragments. PMID- 3923349 TI - Isolated gonadotrope failure in the polyglandular autoimmune syndrome. AB - Hypogonadism is a component of the polyglandular autoimmune syndromes and usually results from primary gonadal failure. Isolated gonadotropin deficiency is a disorder of prepubertal onset that usually results from a failure of hypothalamic secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). We describe here two men with polyglandular autoimmune syndrome and isolated gonadotropin deficiency acquired after puberty. Plasma levels of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone in response to bolus doses of GnRH and to pulsatile GnRH injections (25 ng per kilogram of body weight intravenously every two hours) over a four-day period were subnormal. Pituitary secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone, prolactin, growth hormone, and ACTH was not impaired. These data indicate that isolated gonadotropin deficiency may result from a selective pituitary gonadotrope failure. In addition, they suggest that autoimmune hypophysitis may be an integral part of the polyglandular autoimmune syndrome and can be selective, involving only one type of pituitary cells. PMID- 3923350 TI - Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease prion proteins in human brains. PMID- 3923351 TI - Spontaneous alteration of idiotype in a monoclonal B-cell lymphoma. Escape from detection by anti-idiotype. AB - The surface immunoglobulin of B-cell neoplasms provides a specific point of attack for potential antibody therapy. The capacity of anti-idiotype antibody to home to the target neoplasm requires that the idiotype be unique and that it be expressed by every cell in the neoplastic clone. We describe the evolution of an altered idiotype in a follicular lymphoma that resulted in escape from laboratory detection by monoclonal anti-idiotype antibody. This was not due to the emergence of a second (biclonal) lymphoma, since all the neoplastic cells were otherwise identical both phenotypically and genotypically, as determined by flow cytometry and genomic DNA (Southern blot) hybridization, respectively. All cells expressed the same B-cell immunotype and bore a constant amount of IgMk. The demonstration of a single configuration of immunoglobulin-gene DNA confirmed monoclonality and established that the change in idiotype was not a result of new gene rearrangements but was more likely due to somatic mutation of the variable region -a process presumed to occur naturally in B cells. These data demonstrate the lability of idiotype expression and define a mechanism by which B-cell neoplasms may become unresponsive to anti-idiotype therapy. PMID- 3923352 TI - Emergence of idiotype variants during treatment of B-cell lymphoma with anti idiotype antibodies. AB - We studied two patients with malignant B-cell lymphoma that manifested resistance to the therapeutic effects of anti-idiotype antibody because of the emergence of subclones with changes in their immunoglobulin idiotypes. In both patients, tumor cell populations arose that were unreactive with anti-idiotype antibody but that retained surface immunoglobulin. One of the patients had an additional subpopulation of tumor cells that had switched from mu to gamma heavy-chain expression. Study of the immunoglobulin genes in the tumors confirmed that the subpopulations were derived from the same original clone of neoplastic B cells in each patient. The available data suggest that the idiotypic variation observed was the result of somatic mutation in the variable region of the active immunoglobulin genes. The fact that such mutations became evident over a short time and in the context of a partial tumor response suggests that the antibody therapy exerted a strong selective force against tumor cells that expressed the idiotype determinant. Multiple anti-idiotype antibodies may therefore be needed to identify all cells of a malignant clone, and some patients may require treatment with more than one monoclonal antibody. PMID- 3923353 TI - Cost containment by a naval armada. PMID- 3923354 TI - Interhospital differences in severity of illness. Problems for prospective payment based on diagnosis-related groups (DRGs). AB - We evaluated the ability of the diagnosis-related-group (DRG) classification system to account adequately for severity of illness and, by implication, for the costs of medical care. Hospital inpatients on medicine, surgery, obstetrics/gynecology, and pediatrics services in six hospitals were evaluated to provide a spectrum of patient and hospital characteristics. This evaluation was based on data from a generic index of severity of illness obtained by trained personnel from a review of hospital charts after patient discharge. Within each DRG, substantial differences were found in the distribution of severity of illness in different hospitals. Some hospitals treated larger proportions of severely ill patients and had a wide range of severity within each DRG, but these differences did not always agree with the teaching classification or the Health Care Financing Administration's case-mix index. These findings suggest that patient classification by means of unadjusted DRGs does not adequately reflect severity of illness, and they indicate that prospective payment programs based on DRGs alone may unfairly and adversely discriminate against certain hospitals. PMID- 3923356 TI - Taurine requirement with parenteral nutrition. PMID- 3923355 TI - Expression of neurofilament antigens by normal and neoplastic human adrenal chromaffin cells. PMID- 3923357 TI - Comparative study of bactericidal activities of six different disinfectants. PMID- 3923358 TI - Glycosaminoglycan in liver and spleen of casein-induced experimental amyloidosis of mice. PMID- 3923359 TI - Primary structure of the alpha-subunit of transducin and its relationship to ras proteins. AB - A group of membrane-associated guanine nucleotide binding proteins (G-proteins) are essential for transducing signals generated at cell-surface receptors into changes in cellular function and metabolism. These proteins are a complex of three subunits designated alpha, beta and gamma. The alpha-subunit is responsible for binding guanine nucleotides and seems to be characteristic of each protein. Transducin, a member of this protein family, mediates visual transduction by coupling the signal of photolysed rhodopsin with activation of a cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase. We have now cloned and sequenced the complementary DNA encoding the alpha-subunit of bovine retinal transducin and from this we have deduced the complete amino-acid sequence. The transducin alpha-subunit shares several homologous amino-acid sequences with ras gene products. The homologous segments correspond mostly to the regions thought to be involved in the guanine nucleotide binding and GTPase activity of ras proteins and to the ADP ribosylation sites of the transducin alpha-subunit. PMID- 3923360 TI - Scrapie. Persistently puzzling prions. PMID- 3923361 TI - Identification of scrapie prion protein-specific mRNA in scrapie-infected and uninfected brain. AB - To date no nucleic acid has been found in the purified infectious agent which causes the spongiform encephalopathy known as scrapie. In an attempt to identify a unique scrapie virus-associated messenger RNA in tissues of infected animals, we have synthesized an oligonucleotide probe complementary to the mRNA sequence corresponding to the amino-acid sequence of the prion protein, PrP27-30 (ref. 1). We report here that, with this probe, a complementary DNA clone representing PrP27-30 was obtained from scrapie-infected mouse brain; the DNA sequence of this clone could be translated into a protein that matches exactly the published sequence of PrP27-30. The cDNA clone hybridized to a single 2.4-2.5-kilobase (kb) mRNA from both normal and scrapie-infected brain. Thus, the PrP27-30 mRNA is not uniquely associated with scrapie infectivity, suggesting that PrP27-30 may be a normal component of mouse and hamster brain. PMID- 3923362 TI - Clustering of breakpoints on chromosome 11 in human B-cell neoplasms with the t(11;14) chromosome translocation. AB - The t(11;14) (q13;q32) chromosome translocation has been reported in diffuse small and large cell lymphomas and in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B-CLL) and multiple myeloma. Because chromosome band 14q32 is involved in this translocation, as well as in the t(8;14) (q24;q32) translocation of the Burkitt tumour, interruption of the immunoglobulin heavy-chain locus was postulated for this rearrangement. We have cloned the chromosomal joinings between chromosomes 11 and 14 and also between chromosomes 14 and 18, in B-cell tumours carrying translocations involving these chromosomes, and suggested the existence of two translocated loci, bcl-1 and bcl-2, normally located on chromosomes 11 (band q13) and 18 (band q21) respectively, involved in the pathogenesis of human B-cell neoplasms. The results indicate that in the leukaemic cells from two different cases of CLL, the breakpoints on chromosome 11 are within 8 nucleotides of each other and on chromosome 14 involve the J4-DNA segment. Because we detected a 7mer 9mer signal-like sequence with a 12-base-long spacer on the normal chromosome 11, close to the breakpoint, we speculate that the t(11;14) chromosome translocation in CLL may be sequence specific and may involve the recombination system for immunoglobulin gene segment (V-D-J) joining. PMID- 3923363 TI - What guides growing axons? PMID- 3923364 TI - New light on synapsin I. PMID- 3923365 TI - Direct mutagenesis of Ha-ras-1 oncogenes by N-nitroso-N-methylurea during initiation of mammary carcinogenesis in rats. AB - Induction of mammary carcinomas in rats by a single exposure to a carcinogen during sexual development often involves malignant activation of the Ha-ras-1 locus. Each of the Ha-ras-1 oncogenes present in tumours induced by N-nitroso-N methylurea, but not in those induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene, became activated by the same G----A transition, the type of mutation induced by N nitroso-N-methylurea. These results are consistent with the notion that Ha-ras-1 oncogenes are directly activated by the carcinogen during initiation of neoplasia. PMID- 3923366 TI - Axon guidance in cultured epithelial fragments of Drosophila wing. AB - Growing axons can be guided by a number of different cues: adhesive substrates, diffusible factors, electrical fields and even factors intrinsic to the neurone itself have all been shown to affect axon orientation and outgrowth in vitro. However, in most intact systems it has proved difficult to test directly the role played by these putative guidance cues. Here, we describe a system, the developing wing of the fruitfly, in which we have tested simultaneously two putative guidance mechanisms, physical constraints to axon growth (channels) and the position of neuronal somata (guideposts), using surgical techniques. We show that pioneer sensory axons can navigate correctly and form their normal stereotyped pattern of axon bundles in wing fragments that apparently lack both physical and neural cues. This technique allows access to the surface along which neuronal pathfinding takes place, making possible a wide range of experimental manipulations on the developing system. PMID- 3923367 TI - Synapsin I is a spectrin-binding protein immunologically related to erythrocyte protein 4.1. AB - The membrane-associated cytoskeleton is considered to be the apparatus by which cells regulate the properties of their plasma membranes, although recent evidence has indicated additional roles for the proteins of this structure, including an involvement in intracellular transport and exocytosis (see refs 1-3 for review). Of the membrane skeletal proteins, to date only spectrin (fodrin) and ankyrin have been purified and characterized from non-erythroid sources. Protein 4.1 in the red cell is a spectrin-binding protein that enhances the binding of spectrin to actin and can apparently bind to at least one transmembrane protein Immunoreactive forms of 4.1 have been detected in several cell types, including brain. Here we report the purification of brain 4.1 on the basis of its cross reactivity with erythrocyte 4.1 and spectrin-binding activity. We further show that brain 4.1 is identical to the synaptic vesicle protein, synapsin I, one of the brain's major substrates for cyclic AMP and Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent kinases. Spectrin and synapsin are present in brain homogenates in an approximately 1:1 molar ratio. Although synapsin I has been implicated in synaptic transmission, no activity has been previously ascribed to it. PMID- 3923368 TI - Expression of human growth hormone-releasing factor in transgenic mice results in increased somatic growth. AB - The neurohumoral regulation of growth hormone secretion is mediated in part by two hypothalamic peptides that reach the anterior pituitary via the hypothalamo hypophysial portal blood system. Somatostatin inhibits the release of growth hormone, whereas growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF) positively regulates both growth hormone synthesis and secretion. Two forms of human GRF, 40 and 44 amino acids long, have been characterized from extra-hypothalamic tumours as well as from the hypothalamus. Analysis of human GRF complementary DNA and genomic clones indicates that the GRF peptides are first synthesized as a 107- or 108-amino-acid precursor protein. To examine the physiological consequences of GRF expression, we have established strains of transgenic mice containing a fusion gene including the promoter/regulatory region of the mouse metallothionein-I (MT-I) gene and the coding region of the human GRF gene. We report that expression of the human GRF precursor protein in these animals results in measurable levels of human GRF and increased levels of mouse growth hormone in plasma and accelerated growth rates relative to control littermates. These results demonstrate a direct role for GRF in the positive regulation of somatic growth. Unexpectedly, female transgenic mice carrying the MT-GRF fusion gene are fertile, in contrast to female transgenic mice expressing human or rat growth hormone, which are generally infertile. These transgenic mouse strains should provide useful animal models for the study of several types of human growth disorders. PMID- 3923369 TI - Mitogens trigger a calcium-independent signal for proliferation in phorbol-ester treated lymphocytes. AB - The activation of T lymphocytes by mitogens requires at least two signals; the first, delivered to T cells by a mitogen in conjunction with accessory cells (monocytes/macrophages), leads to the generation of the second signal, interleukin-2 (IL-2). The first signal also induces the expression of IL-2 receptors on the surface of a subpopulation of T cells; binding of IL-2 to its receptor then initiates a cascade of events culminating in DNA synthesis by these cells. Certain compounds act synergistically with mitogens in promoting T-cell proliferation by substituting for the activities of interacting cells or their products. For example, the phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol 13-acetate (TPA) has been shown to restore the ability of macrophage-depleted T-cell populations to respond to mitogenic lectins. Transmembrane fluxes of calcium, leading to increased free cytosolic calcium concentrations ([Ca2+]), have been demonstrated following mitogen binding to lymphocytes and have been implicated in the initiation of cell proliferation. We show here that the effect of TPA on lymphocyte proliferation occurs in the absence of extracellular Ca2+ or detectable changes in [Ca2+]i, but only in the presence of mitogens. This suggests that in cells which have been incubated with the phorbol ester, mitogens can induce proliferation by a calcium-independent signal. PMID- 3923370 TI - An immunoglobulin promoter displays cell-type specificity independently of the enhancer. AB - Recent studies in which cloned immunoglobulin genes were introduced into cultured cells have produced two significant findings. First, the genes are expressed after transfection into lymphoid cells but not non-lymphoid cells. Second, transcription of an immunoglobulin gene requires, in addition to the promoter region, an enhancer element located downstream of the transcription start site. These findings raise the question of whether it is the promoter or the enhancer region that is responsible for the observed cell-type specificity. It has, in fact, been shown that immunoglobulin enhancers function only in lymphoid cells. We show here that the promoter for an immunoglobulin kappa light-chain gene also is strongly specific for lymphoid cells. Our result reemphasizes the importance of promoters relative to enhancers in determining which cells express which genes. PMID- 3923371 TI - Lean, mean, and fiscally fit. PMID- 3923372 TI - [Gardnerella vaginalis in routine cultures of material from the genital region]. PMID- 3923373 TI - Cost-containment; playing the money game. PMID- 3923374 TI - A primer for nurses: marketing health care. PMID- 3923375 TI - The Hp, Gc, Gm, Km and beta 2-glycoprotein I genetic variants in hairy cell leukemia: no apparent association. AB - No significant differences could be observed when Hp, Gc, Gm, Km and beta 2 glycoprotein I phenotypes of 50 patients with hairy cell leukemia were compared with healthy unrelated adults. PMID- 3923376 TI - Technical evaluation of factors interfering in the carcinoembryonic antigen assay. AB - Storage of serum or plasma at room temperature (RT) or 4 degrees C for eight days did not alter the level of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). However, storage of whole blood at RT for 8 days resulted in false elevated CEA levels compared to controls. Heating of serum or plasma at 56 degrees C for 30 min or freezing and thawing for fifteen times did not change the CEA levels in these specimens. Comparison of CEA levels in the serum and plasma of the same specimens showed significantly higher levels of CEA in plasma than serum specimens. Collection of blood in tubes with different anticoagulants showed significantly false elevated levels of CEA only when blood was collected in heparinized tubes. These data indicate the importance of knowing the factors interfering in the CEA assay when interpreting its results. PMID- 3923377 TI - [Application of pastes into the root canal]. PMID- 3923378 TI - Hyperkalemia during acute ammonium chloride acidosis in man. AB - The relationship between acid base parameters and serum potassium concentration was studied in controls and in patients during acute ammonium chloride-induced metabolic acidosis. Serum potassium was best correlated with serum bicarbonate during control (r = -0.323; p less than 0.01) and acidosis (r = -0.437; p less than 0.001). The slopes and intercepts were similar in both instances and the combined correlation was highly significant (r = -0.493; p less than 0.001). Examination of the 95% joint confidence region revealed that during acidosis serum potassium was rarely above 5.0 mEq/l when serum bicarbonate was greater than 16 mEq/l. It is probably not sound clinical practice to ascribe hyperkalemia to acute mild metabolic acidosis. PMID- 3923379 TI - Development and behavioral outcomes of perinatal inhibition of ornithine decarboxylase. AB - Rats were treated with alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), an irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), at a dose of 200 mg/kg/day SC, either prenatally (to the mothers, on days 16 to 20 of gestation) or neonatally (to the pups, on days 1 to 10 after birth). At this dose level neither maternal reproductive performance (prenatal treatment) nor gain in body weight on the part of offspring were affected. Earlier developmental alterations were rapidly overcome. Prenatally-treated rats proved less active than controls in the open field, performed better in passive avoidance retention (both preweaning and postweaning), and had a shorter post-ejaculatory interval in the male copulatory test. Postnatally-treated rats performed better than controls in two-way active avoidance conditioning, and in passive avoidance retention (as adults). Reproductive performance of the treated female offspring was similar to that of controls. ODC activity in brains of DFMO-exposed offspring was substantially inhibited throughout treatment (-72 to -41%, compared with respective controls), but showed a strong rebound after termination of treatment (up to +400%, compared with respective controls). These results show that partial inhibition of ODC activity during a limited period of the perinatal life has no adverse effect on the overall behavioral development of rats: indeed, some performances are actually improved. This being the most likely due to a rebound ODC hyperactivity after termination of treatment, when brain maturation is still in progress. PMID- 3923381 TI - [Nephrotoxicity of mitomycin C (apropos of 25 case reports). Results of a multicenter survey organized by the Society of Nephrology]. AB - We have studied 25 cases of hemolytic and uremic syndrome (H.U.S.) induced by mitomycin C, collected from 1976 to 1982 in 12 Nephrology Centers. Mitomycin C was administered in successive cures at a cumulative dose higher than 50 mg/m2. This H.U.S. is characterized by its slow and late occurrence, by extra-renal, mainly respiratory, manifestations that may reveal the disease, and finally by its pathological aspects. Mesangiolysis and endothelial or mesangial enlarged and atypical nuclei are observed in addition to the usual lesions of thrombotic micro angiopathy. The prognosis was very poor in the first cases reported. It was better, however, in the patients studied more recently, because the cumulative dose was lower. In severe cases, plasma exchange might improve long-term prognosis. The disease might be due to a direct toxic effect of mitomycin C on the vascular endothelium. PMID- 3923380 TI - Alcohol interactions with typical and atypical antidepressants. AB - Selected parameters of central nervous system function have been examined in rabbits and mice given ethyl alcohol (ET) in combination with antidepressant drugs with different pharmacological profiles. A significant prolongation of the ET-induced loss of righting reflex was observed in mice treated with amitriptyline, 3 mg/kg, or trazodone, 8 mg/kg, injected intraperitoneally. The same drugs failed to cause narcosis when given alone to mice at doses up to 40 (amitriptyline) and 100 (trazodone) mg/kg. Rabbits given single 5 mg/kg IV doses of amitriptyline or trazodone exhibited a synchronous EEG pattern with an increase in spectrum total power that became more pronounced after IV injection of a low dose of ET (0.2 g/kg). The increase in the spectrum total power after ET was significantly greater in rabbits given trazodone than in those given amitriptyline. No significant interactive effects were observed in animals receiving combinations of ET with viloxazine, bupropion or fluvoxamine. PMID- 3923382 TI - Polyamine reutilization and turnover in brain. AB - N1,N2-bis-(2,3-butadienyl)-1,4-butanediamine (MDL 72527) is an irreversible, specific inhibitor of polyamine oxidase, which allows one to completely inactivate this enzyme in all organs of an experimental animal. As a result one observes a linear increase of N1-acetylspermidine and N1-acetylspermine concentrations in brain. The rate of accumulation seems directly proportional to the rate of spermidine, and spermine degradation respectively, and since no compensatory changes of the polyamine synthetic enzymes were induced by inhibition of polyamine oxidase, the rate of acetyl-polyamine accumulation is assumed to be a measure for polyamine turnover. The decrease of brain putrescine levels by 70 percent in the brains of MDL 72527-treated animals suggests the quantitative significance of putrescine reutilisation. Pretreatment of the animals with D,L-alpha-difluoromethylornithine, an irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase reduced both, polyamine turnover rate and the extent of putrescine reutilization. Inhibition of GABA-T produced a significant increase of polyamine turnover in brain, in agreement with the known induction of ornithine decarboxylase activity after treatment with inhibitors of GABA-T. PMID- 3923383 TI - Effects of a thyrotropin releasing hormone analogue on locomotor and other motor activity in the rat. AB - In the present experiments, locomotion has been studied in rats after injection of TRH analogue RX77368 (10 mg/kg i.p.). The measure used was the frequency of the cyclic shifts of weight from side to side (WTF) which accompany the progress of locomotion. It therefore provides an indirect measure of stepping frequency. After injection of RX77368 there was a shift in WTFs towards higher frequencies, i.e. when the rat walked it was taking more steps per second. These results suggest that RX77368 stimulates basic motor patterns associated with locomotion. The results obtained in these experiments are compared with those obtained using different quantification methods for locomotion and there is speculation concerning the possible modes of action of RX77368 including interactions with other neurotransmitter systems. PMID- 3923384 TI - Symptomatic anterior spinal arachnoid diverticulum. AB - The authors report a case of symptomatic arachnoid diverticulum, which was located anterior to the spinal cord and covered the entire length of the spinal canal. The patient underwent cervical laminectomy and cystoperitoneal shunting with subsequent neurological improvement. The causes, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and management of spinal arachnoid diverticulum are discussed. PMID- 3923385 TI - Technical note: the use of nitroglycerin ointment after precarious neurosurgical wound closure. AB - It is suggested that the application of nitroglycerin ointment to neurosurgical wound closure exhibiting skin pallor or cyanosis can minimize necrosis and dehiscence. Examples of the use of this agent in patients undergoing myelomeningocele closure as well as in a premature infant undergoing ventriculoperitoneal shunting are described. PMID- 3923386 TI - Nutritional considerations in the patient with disabling brain disease. AB - Increased nutritional requirements are now recognized as the typical sequellae of head injury. Whether similar nutritional demands routinely accompany nontraumatic, disabling brain diseases is uncertain. Experience with patients suffering from head injury indicates that clinical criteria for differentiating the severity of neurological impairments categorize rather poorly the levels of nutritional need. Based on available data, "nutritional risk" can only be assigned to broad patient categories. Head-injured patients seem to be at nutritional risk and, by virtue of increased caloric and protein requirements, may benefit, in terms of reduced mortality, from early, intensive nutritional intervention. Because the nutritional risk cannot be established, the indications for aggressive nutritional support in the noninjured patient are even less clear than those for the trauma patient. Parenteral nutrition is often required to meet the goals of nutritional support because inadequacies in gastrointestinal function frequently mitigate successful enteral nutrition. Selective nutritional therapies involving the branched chain amino acids may reduce the attrition of the body cell mass seen in head injury patients. Furthermore, improvements in energy nutrient utilization in other than head-injured patients have been suggested when fat is provided in addition to glucose as a caloric source. When clinically feasible, enteral nutrition offers significant economic and physiological benefits over parenteral nutrition. In this regard, increasing attention has been focused on newer techniques of enteral access. These include percutaneous gastrostomies and nasally inserted small bore feeding tubes. The latter achieve duodenal intubation with a high success rate, and they offer the prospects of improved feeding tolerance and reduced tracheobronchial aspiration by allowing the administration of nutrients distal to the pylorus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3923387 TI - State of adrenergic and cholinergic systems in schizophrenia patients during psychopharmacotherapy. PMID- 3923388 TI - Adult GM1-gangliosidosis: clinical patterns and rectal biopsy. AB - We studied a family with adult GM1-gangliosidosis. The proband, aged 38, had slowly progressive extrapyramidal signs with prominent dystonia, starting at about age 19. Two other patients, aged 45 and 43, had occasional slight dystonia, but led normal social lives because of mildness of their symptoms. Rectal biopsy of the proband showed histiocytic infiltration and membranous cytoplasmic bodies in the autonomic neurons. This family shows the clinical heterogeneity in adult GM1-gangliosidosis. PMID- 3923390 TI - Biopsychological responses of medical unit personnel wearing chemical defense ensemble in a simulated chemical warfare environment. PMID- 3923389 TI - Life and death in a welfare state: end-stage renal disease in the United Kingdom. AB - The uniquely parsimonious approach to treatment of end-stage renal disease patients in the U.K. was initially developed under the imprimatur of the nation's medical elite and sanctioned by the central government. Public value for public money and an equitable balance of scarce resources among many social and medical claims still guide the National Health Service. But these clinically dominated allocative decisions are imperfect, often counter-productive, and, ultimately, political. There is a marked dissonance between compassionate and bureaucratic themes. PMID- 3923391 TI - Alcohol and drug abuse among American military personnel: prevalence and policy implications. PMID- 3923392 TI - Ethical issues in combat psychiatry. PMID- 3923393 TI - Diagnosis related groups: potential impact on Navy health care. PMID- 3923394 TI - Participative educational experience: providing an alternative to medical readiness. PMID- 3923395 TI - Treatment of childhood bilateral vas transection with cutaneous vasostomy. PMID- 3923396 TI - Physical fitness in the hospital setting. PMID- 3923397 TI - Congenital agenesis of the gallbladder. A diagnostic problem. Report of a case. PMID- 3923398 TI - Sleep apnea and the Kleine-Levin syndrome. PMID- 3923399 TI - [Varioliform gastritis. Personal experience]. PMID- 3923400 TI - [Epidemiological and clinical aspects of a survey of viral non-A, non-B hepatitis in the province of Alessandria]. AB - An epidemiological and clinical research on 48 cases of nonA-nonB hepatitis hospitalized in Alessandria, Infectious Diseases Department, from 1-1-1983 to 1-3 1984 is reported. NonA-nonB hepatitis formed 25% of full cases of viral hepatitis in the same period (192 cases); it was mainly related to hemotransfusion (33,3%) and drug addiction (29,2%); its chronic evolution was observed in the 37,5% of the cases. PMID- 3923401 TI - [Intramural pseudodiverticulosis of the esophagus. Presentation of 2 cases]. AB - Two cases intramural pseudodiverticulosis of the oesophagus are presented. The importance of a radiological examination when studying this condition is underlined. PMID- 3923402 TI - [Viral hepatitis. Epidemiologic evaluation of a personal case load in the area of Casale Monferrato in the years 1981-1982]. AB - The results are reported of an epidemiological assessment of 94 patients hospitalised with diagnosed acute viral hepatitis in the Infectious Disease Division of the S. Spirito Hospital, Casale Monferrato in the period march 1 1981, april 30 1982. Hepatitis was found to occur most frequently among young (under 30) males. There were more positive than negative HBsAg cases, most of the latter arising in heroin addicts. PMID- 3923404 TI - NITA interviews E. Ian Stevenson. PMID- 3923403 TI - [Hypereosinophilias of the blood. I. Eosinophilic granulocytes]. AB - A knowledge of eosinophil granulocytes is indispensable for the study of hypereosinophilia. For this reason, the most recent findings relating to eosinophil morphology, production/regulation mechanism, and function are reported. Particular attention is given to enzyme populations, local control mechanisms and eosinophil cell surface receptors. Among the various enzymes present in the eosinophil, major basic protein (MBP), with its capacity to damage the cells of many organs, plays an important part; other enzymes include eosinophil peroxidase (EPO), arylsulphatase B, phospholipase D, histaminase and cationic proteins (ECP). Factors influencing eosinophil tissue concentrations and mode of action are considered. Recent findings agree on the role of eosinophils in immunological reactions and parasitic infestations: eosinophil plays a part in an immunological physiopathological sequence: it may, act as a killer cell with selective action against invading parasites, or it may be an immune modulator, anti-inflammatory cell able to surround inflammatory reactions and prevent them from spreading. PMID- 3923405 TI - NITA interviews David Burik. PMID- 3923407 TI - Making the NITA standards work for you. PMID- 3923406 TI - NITA interviews Cynthia Chrystal, R.N. PMID- 3923408 TI - Prevalent nosocomial pathogens. Part 2. PMID- 3923410 TI - Deferoxamine therapy of bone aluminum accumulation in renal dialysis patients. PMID- 3923409 TI - Home total parenteral nutrition. Complications. PMID- 3923411 TI - Is protein-calorie malnutrition a problem in alcoholic hepatitis? PMID- 3923412 TI - Effect of suckling on serum prolactin, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and estradiol during prolonged lactation. AB - Eight nursing subjects had serum prolactin (PRL), luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, and estradiol levels studied during the first six months postpartum. Each subject had serum samples obtained just before the initiation of suckling and during the next 120 minutes. Baseline PRL levels were high at ten days postpartum (90.1 ng/mL), then slowly declined but remained elevated at 180 days postpartum (44.3 ng/mL), with the stimulus of suckling being able to double the baseline PRL value throughout the study period. Mean estradiol levels were low at ten days postpartum (7.2 pg/mL), then gradually rose to a mean level of 47.3 pg/mL at 180 days postpartum; however, in four subjects who were amenorrheic during the study period, the mean estradiol levels remained low (4.25 pg/mL), while baseline PRL levels remained high (63.6 ng/mL). PMID- 3923413 TI - Leukocyte adherence inhibition, natural killer cell activity, gamma-interferon production capacity and phytohemagglutinin response in patients treated with recombinant leukocyte A interferon. AB - 10 patients with disseminated colorectal cancer were treated either chronically or cyclically with human recombinant leukocyte A interferon (IFl-rA) for 3 months. During this period, leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI), natural killer (NK) cell activity, concanavalin A-induced gamma-interferon production capacity (GIPCA) and phytohemagglutinin response were sequentially monitored. In both chronically and cyclically treated patients, IFl-rA therapy led to a 'short lived' augmentation of NK cell activity. In the chronically treated patients, there was a further depression in the NK cell activity during the course of therapy. The outcome of LAI remained unaltered irrespective of the mode of IFl-rA therapy. There was an inverse correlation between GIPCA and phytohemagglutinin response. PMID- 3923414 TI - Carbon dioxide laser blepharoplasty. PMID- 3923415 TI - Sialographic damage in rat submandibular gland. AB - The damage caused to rat submandibular glands by intraductal injection was examined. When a small volume of isotonic saline was injected, even if salivation was not influenced, salivary composition was greatly affected because the intercellular junctions of the duct cells were damaged. Intraductal injections of hyperosmotic solutions or highly viscous liquids were more effective in damaging intercellular junctions. When interpreting the significance of a salivary composition in clinical diagnosis, it is necessary to consider the sialographic damage which might influence the salivary composition. PMID- 3923417 TI - Parturition in non-human primates: pain and auditory concealment. AB - Descriptions of parturition are reviewed for 88 individuals in 29 species of captive and wild non-human primates. Mild or severe discomfort, in the form of straining, stretching, arching, grimacing, writhing, shaking, doubling up, eye closure and restlessness is reported in 69 cases. Silence and utterance of moderate-level vocalizations are reported in 21 and 43 cases, respectively. The overall pattern indicates that parturition in non-human primates is characterized by a significant degree of pain and discomfort, while vocal responses to pain are generally subdued. We suggest that analgesia is the mechanism, and concealment of the parturient female the adaptive significance behind this blocking of vocal pain responses. PMID- 3923416 TI - [Rh-negative phenotypes in Borsod County]. PMID- 3923418 TI - The inheritance of responses to schistosomiasis mansoni in two pairs of inbred strains of mice. AB - Genetic differences in mice influence both the pathological and immunological responses to schistosomiasis mansoni. We have investigated the nature of the genetic factors influencing these responses by crossing two different pairs of strains of mice which vary in their response to infection, and measuring responses in the F1 hybrid and backcross offspring. The two pairs of parental strains differed with respect to faecal egg excretion, accumulation of eggs in the tissues, splenomegaly and pattern of antibody response. The numbers of adult worms which establish do not differ between strains. The inheritance of the responses measured was different in the two pairs of strains. The F1 hybrid from the C57BL/6/0la X BALB/c cross resembled the low-responding parental strain (C57BL/6/0la) with respect to faecal egg excretion, accumulation of eggs in the tissues and splenomegaly, and was intermediate in its pattern of antibody response. The F1 hybrid mice from the NIH X CBA/Ca cross resembled the high responding strain (CBA/Ca) with respect to faecal egg excretion, accumulation of eggs in the tissues and splenomegaly, and had an earlier and greater antibody response than either parental strain. No evidence of single gene influence on any of these responses was seen in the backcross offspring. The differing patterns of inheritance and the absence of a bimodal distribution of responses in the backcross offspring indicate that each of these responses is influenced by multiple genes. The pattern of antibody response did not correlate between strains with any of the pathological responses. The positive correlation of egg accumulation in the tissues and faecal egg excretion suggests that there are genetic influences on the fecundity of the worms. PMID- 3923420 TI - The realities of cost-effectiveness analysis. PMID- 3923419 TI - Bilirubin metabolism. PMID- 3923421 TI - Narrow trachea in mucopolysaccharidoses. AB - Nine of 56 patients with mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) showed small tracheal diameters on their frontal chest radiographs. Autopsy of an MPS I-H (Hurler disease) patient demonstrated that the small calibre was secondary to deposition of glycosaminoglycan (mucopolysaccharide). Autopsies of two patients with other storage diseases, one with geleophysic dysplasia and one with mucolipidosis II, also exhibited compromise of their airways because of storage material accumulation. PMID- 3923422 TI - Effect of infant age on aminopyrine breath test results. AB - The aminopyrine breath test has been used in adults as a measure of hepatic N demethylase activity. In order to study maturational changes in enzyme function, 13C aminopyrine (2 mg/kg) was administered orally to infants (n = 16) between the ages of 1 and 38 wk. Breath samples were collected for 6 h after administration of the labeled aminopyrine for the measurement of 13CO2 enrichment. Using a number of different scoring methods to quantitate 13CO2 elimination of breath, demethylation of aminopyrine was found to be positively correlated to age. By 20 wk of age, some infants had rates of elimination similar to those measured in adults. Absorption was excluded as a limiting variable, because no improvement in oxidation rates was found when the aminopyrine was readministered as an intravenous bolus. Changes in nutritional status and route of feeding (enteral versus parenteral) did not prevent the effect of maturation on aminopyrine elimination. CONCLUSIONS: 1) maturational differences are seen in the metabolism of aminopyrine; 2) these differences may reflect immaturity of N-demethylase activity or diversion of the liberated formaldehyde into biosynthetic rather than oxidative pathways. PMID- 3923423 TI - The effect of immediate-type gastrointestinal allergic reactions on brush border enzymes and gut morphology in the rat. AB - The aim of the present study was to create clearly documented immediate-type allergy to food protein in the intestine of rats and to study some pathophysiological phenomena induced by challenge with the allergen. To achieve this, rats were sensitized with ovalbumin. A passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction to ovalbumin was negative in all controls and positive in all test animals when Bordetella pertussis was used as adjuvant. Sixty minutes after an intravenous injection of 125I-human serum albumin and 45 min after an ovalbumin challenge, given by gavage, the rats were sacrificed. The intestine was removed and sections taken for morphologic studies. The remainder was rinsed, opened, cut into measured segments, weighed, and the radioactivity was measured. Disaccharidases, alkaline phosphatase, and protein were estimated in homogenates of epithelium. Results in both control and test animals showed that radioactivity decreased as one moved distally along the intestine. However, radioactivity was significantly higher (p less than 0.01) in the intestine of test animals than in controls. Radioactivity in liver, kidney, spleen, and lungs was identical in test and control animals. There was significant reduction in levels of alkaline phosphatase (p varied from less than 0.05 to less than 0.001), maltase (p less than 0.05), and sucrase (p less than 0.05 to less than 0.01). Lactase activity in contrast was significantly raised (p less than 0.05). There was no change in intestinal morphology or in the intestinal mast cell count. PMID- 3923424 TI - Impact of chronic protein-calorie malnutrition on small intestinal repair after acute viral enteritis: a study in gnotobiotic piglets. AB - To investigate the effect of chronic protein-calorie malnutrition on intestinal repair after an enteric infection, we examined small intestinal structure, enzyme activity, and sodium transport in undernourished piglets during the acute and convalescent phases of a viral enteritis, transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE). Gnotobiotic pigs, nutritionally deprived from the age of 7 days, gained less weight than dietary controls from 14 days of age until the end of the study. Animals from malnourished and control diet groups were inoculated with TGE virus at 22-23 days and studied during the acute (40 h) and convalescent (4, 10, and 15 days) stages of this experimental enteritis along with noninfected dietary controls. After TGE infection, we observed a further decrease in weight gain and an increased mortality only in undernourished pigs. In jejunum and ileum of both dietary groups at 40 h after TGE infection, we observed comparable structural lesions, similar decreased activities of mucosal enzymes (sucrase, lactase, sodium-potassium-dependent ATPase), and increased thymidine kinase activities. Also we noted comparable diminution of glucose-stimulated jejunal sodium absorption in both dietary groups at 40 h. In control diet pigs, transport abnormalities recovered by 4 days after TGE infection and normal mucosal structure and enzyme activity returned over 4-15 days. In undernourished piglets, structural repair and enzyme abnormalities were prolonged when compared with the control diet group; glucose-stimulated sodium transport did not recover until 10 days after infection and never regained the enhanced activity seen in noninfected undernourished controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3923425 TI - Growth hormone releasing hormone and growth hormone: genetic studies in familial growth hormone deficiency. AB - Four families with growth hormone (GH) deficiency, either isolated or with other pituitary hormonal deficits are described. Members of each underwent pharmacological testing for GH secretion and infusions of GH releasing hormone (GHRH) to determine the locus of the defect in GH secretion. In addition, we have extracted DNA from white blood cells to characterize the GHRH and GH genes. All members tested had the normal complement of GH and GHRH genes. Four generations of one family with isolated GH deficiency, autosomal dominant were studied. The younger members showed minimal GH responsiveness to a single infusion of GHRH. However, the older members did not respond even after 30 doses of GHRH given intravenously every 3 h. Two members of a family with the autosomal recessive type of isolated GH deficiency had large GH increases after GHRH infusion. Thus in these families the GH secretory defect lies within the hypothalamus. Members of two families with pituitary deficiency (GH and other tropic hormones) of the autosomal recessive type had variable responses to GHRH and varying amounts of pituitary tissue seen on high resolution CT scans. Although it is not possible to delineate the precise location of the secretory defects in these latter two families, a hypothalamic defect is probable based on the responses to multiple trophic stimuli. Heterogeneity of structure and function exists within and between families with isolated GH deficiency and within and among families with pituitary deficiency. It is from the study of such families in which all members presumably have the same underlying defect that one can more readily decide on a pathogenetic mechanism. PMID- 3923426 TI - Heparinization of alimentation solutions. PMID- 3923427 TI - [Partial parenteral feeding of premature newborn infants]. PMID- 3923428 TI - The cost-effectiveness of nurse refresher programs. PMID- 3923429 TI - Autorepressor properties of the pi-initiation protein encoded by plasmid R6K. AB - A DNA fusion containing the promoter of the pir gene of plasmid R6K that encodes for the pi-initiation protein and the beta-galactosidase gene of Escherichia coli (lacZ) is described. The synthesis of beta-galactosidase promoted by this pir-lac fusion was almost completely inhibited when an R6K sequence containing the pir gene was provided in trans in E. coli. Transcription in vitro from the pir promoter but not the trp promoter of E. coli, was inhibited by purified pi protein indicating that the pi protein alone is responsible for repression of its own gene and that the effect is promoter specific. The DNA-protein interaction sites in the pir regulatory region have been determined for the pi protein and E. coli RNA polymerase using the DNase I protection method. The binding sites for these two proteins overlap for three helical turns. Competition DNA binding experiments show that the pi protein will displace bound RNA polymerase. From these studies we conclude that repression of the pir gene is accomplished by binding of the pi protein and this association blocks access of RNA polymerase to the pir promoter region. PMID- 3923430 TI - Complete nucleotide sequence of the fumarase gene (citG) of Bacillus subtilis 168. AB - The nucleotide sequence of a 2.14 kb fragment of Bacillus subtilis DNA containing the citG gene encoding fumarase was determined using the dideoxy chain termination method. The citG coding region of 1392 base pairs (464 codons) was identified, and the deduced Mr (50425) is in good agreement with that of the protein identified from expression in Escherichia coli maxicells. There is no sequence homology between the B. subtilis and E. coli fumarases. Overlapping potential promoter sequences have been identified for sigma 28, sigma 37 and sigma 55 RNA polymerase holoenzymes. The DNA fragment also contains the proximal part of the gerA locus, responsible for L-alanine-sensitive spore germination. PMID- 3923431 TI - A lysine-rich protein functions as an H1 histone in Dictyostelium discoideum chromatin. AB - Mononucleosomes released from Dictyostelium discoideum chromatin by micrococcal nuclease contained two distinctive DNA sizes (166-180 and 146 bp). Two dimensional gel electrophoresis suggested a lysine-rich protein protected the larger mononucleosomes from nuclease digestion. This was confirmed by stripping the protein from chromatin with Dowex resin. Subsequently, only the 146 bp mononucleosome was produced by nuclease digestion. Reconstitution of the stripped chromatin with the purified lysine-rich protein resulted in the reappearance of the larger mononucleosomes. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis showed the protein was associated with mononucleosomes. Hence, the protein functions as an H1 histone in bringing the two DNA strands together at their exit point from the nucleosome. Trypsin digestion of the lysine-rich protein in nuclei resulted in a limiting peptide of approx. 10 kilodaltons. Trypsin concentrations which degraded the protein to peptides of 12-14 kilodaltons and partially degraded the core histones did not change the DNA digestion patterns obtained with micrococcal nuclease. Thus, the trypsin-resistant domain of the lysine-rich protein is able to maintain chromatosome structure. PMID- 3923432 TI - Chromosomal orientation of the lambda light chain locus: V lambda is proximal to C lambda in 22q11. AB - We have demonstrated that the chromosomal breakpoint at 22q11 of a Burkitt lymphoma cell line (PA682) with an 8;22 translocation interrupts the variable region of the lambda light chain locus. In these cells, all of the C lambda and some V lambda sequences translocate to the 8q+ chromosome whereas some V lambda sequences remain on the 22q-. These results indicate that the lambda light chain locus on the long arm of chromosome 22 is oriented such that V lambda is proximal to C lambda. PMID- 3923433 TI - Point mutations in the 5' ICR and anticodon region of a Drosophila tRNAArg gene decrease in vitro transcription. AB - We have examined the effects of various nucleotide substitutions in a Drosophila tRNAArg gene on in vitro transcription and stable transcription complex formation in Drosophila KcO and HeLa cell extracts. Substitutions in positions encoding the invariant G18 and G19 residues resulted in decreased transcription, however, the moderate decreases indicate that these nucleotides are not obligatory promoter recognition sites. An A21 to C21 mutation had no effect on transcription levels using homologous extract however, this mutant displayed decreased transcriptional abilities in HeLa cell extract. Nucleotide substitutions within the sequence encoding the anticodon led to a decrease in the transcription activity but not in the ability to form a stable transcription complex. PMID- 3923434 TI - Translationally coupled initiation of protein synthesis in Bacillus subtilis. AB - The neomycin phosphotransferase gene (neo) from Transposon Tn5 is active in Gram negative bacteria but silent in B. subtilis since it lacks an appropriate ribosome binding site for Gram-positive bacteria. Neo translation could be reactivated by coupling its initiation to the translational termination of the highly expressed beta-lactamase gene (penP) from B. licheniformis. This initiation occurred at the authentic neo start codon. Its efficiency was independent of the nucleotide sequence 5 to the neo gene, but strongly affected by the distance between the termination and initiation codon. It was the highest if both codons overlapped in the sequence ATGA. In B. licheniformis, a translationally coupled neo gene was inducible expressed as the penP gene demonstrating the potential of the technique to monitor the activity of expression units for which no direct assays exists. PMID- 3923435 TI - Nucleotide sequence of a complete ribosomal spacer of D. melanogaster. AB - We determined the nucleotide sequence of a D. melanogaster ribosomal DNA spacer. Sequences of various portions of different cloned ribosomal spacers have been previously reported. We extend the analysis to cover the entire nontranscribed and external transcribed regions. Comparison to other cloned ribosomal DNA gene units of this species confirms a conserved general organization of the ribosomal spacer through different size classes. D. melanogaster ribosomal gene units interrupted by insertions are known to be transcribed at a much lower level than the continuous gene units. Nonetheless previous sequence analysis of a region around the transcription initiation site did not reveal significant differences in rDNA genes with and without insertions. We extend such analysis to cover the last two promoter duplications in the spacer and the entire external transcribed spacer up to the 5' cleavage site of the 18S rRNA. PMID- 3923436 TI - Structural analysis of both products of a reciprocal translocation between c-myc and immunoglobulin loci in Burkitt lymphoma. AB - The balanced translocations that occur between the c-myc and immunoglobulin loci in Burkitt lymphoma provide an unusual opportunity to analyze both products of a reciprocal recombination. Accordingly, we have determined the structure of the two reciprocal products of a translocation that joins the 5' portion of the c-myc gene on chromosome 8 to the immunoglobulin mu switch recombination signal on chromosome 14. By determining the nucleotide sequences at the translocation crossover points of both product chromosomes, we precisely locate these points with respect to nearby genes. This determination allows us to conclude that translocation involves nonhomologous recombination, is highly conservative of c myc sequences (deleting only 16 bp at the crossover point), but deletes over 2 Kb of immunoglobulin sequences from the mu switch signal. The mu constant and c-myc genes are joined head-to-head about 3 Kb apart, while the IgH enhancer and an aberrantly rearranged D/J region are linked to sequences 5' of c-myc on the reciprocal product. PMID- 3923437 TI - Maternal inheritance of transcripts from three Drosophila src-related genes. AB - The Drosophila genome contains three major sequences related to the v-src gene. Previously published molecular studies have confirmed the structural homology between v-src and two of the Drosophila sequences. We have sequenced a portion of the third v-src-related Drosophila gene and found that it also shares structural homology with vertebrate and Drosophila src-family genes. RNA sequences from each of the src genes are present in pre-blastoderm embryos indicating that they are of maternal origin. As embryogenesis proceeds, the levels of each of the src RNA sequences decline. The pre-blastoderm src gene transcripts contain poly(A) and are present on polyribosomes suggesting that they are functional mRNAs. Since the Drosophila src transcripts were maternally inherited, we also investigated their distribution in adult females. The majority of the src transcripts in adult females were contained in ovaries. Only low levels of the transcripts were detected in males. These results strongly suggest that an abundant supply of src protein is required during early embryogenesis, perhaps at the time of cellularization of the blastoderm nuclei. PMID- 3923438 TI - Protein--RNA interaction in the rat liver 5S rRNA-protein L5 complex studied by digestion with ribonucleases. AB - Protein-RNA interactions in the 5S rRNA-protein L5 complex from rat liver ribosomes were studied by limited digestion of free and protein bound 5S rRNA with ribonuclease A and T1. In the complex with protein L5 the digestion of 5S rRNA by ribonuclease T1 is decreased at G37 and G89, whereas U38 and C39, and to a lower extent also C10 and U12 become accessible for ribonuclease A. PMID- 3923439 TI - Conserved arrangements of repeated DNA sequences in nontranscribed spacers of ciliate ribosomal RNA genes: evidence for molecular coevolution. AB - We have analyzed the nucleotide sequences of the nontranscribed spacer (NTS) and transcription initiation and termination regions of the extrachromosomal rDNAs of the ciliated protozoans Tetrahymena thermophila and Glaucoma chattoni. The sequences surrounding the sites of transcription initiation and termination are highly conserved. The only extensive homologies of the NTS regions occur in five sets of dispersed repetitive sequences. Type I, II and III repeats in the 5' NTS are strongly conserved in sequence between Tetrahymena and Glaucoma in the case of the type I and III repeats, and in location relative to the transcription initiation site in the case of type I and II repeats. We identify two new repeat types, designated IV and V, in the 3' NTS. The sequence of type IV repeats, and the location relative to the transcription termination site of type IV and V repeats, are conserved. All five types of repeats are interspersed with nonconserved DNA sequences. These results suggest that the five repeat types in the 5' and 3' NTSs are important in rRNA gene function; the sequence organization, and the differing rates of divergence between species of the repeat types, provide strong evidence for their functional selection through the process of molecular coevolution. PMID- 3923440 TI - Cloning and sequence analysis of an Ig lambda light chain mRNA expressed in the Burkitt's lymphoma cell line EB4. AB - A cDNA library was constructed from the mRNA of the Ig lambda producing Burkitt's lymphoma cell line, EB4. Overlapping clones encompassing the coding sequence of the Ig lambda mRNA were isolated and sequenced. The predicted amino acid sequence shows a short hydrophobic leader peptide and a mature polypeptide of 217 residues in which V, J and C regions can be distinguished. The V region belongs to subgroup VI and has greatest homology (80%) with the Amyloid-AR protein. The constant region is the Kern- Oz+ isotype. Probing normal human DNA with the subcloned V lambda coding sequence detects one gene at high stringency and a family of 11 members at low stringency. To date, no restriction enzyme site polymorphisms have been detected. The V lambda VI gene is rearranged on both chromosomes of EB4 and is deleted on both chromosomes in the Burkitt's lymphoma cell line BL2. PMID- 3923441 TI - Up-promoter mutations in the lpp gene of Escherichia coli. AB - The promoter of the gene for the major outer membrane lipoprotein, the most abundant protein in Escherichia coli, is considered to be one of the strongest promoters in E. coli. The nucleotide sequences of the -10 and the -35 regions of the lpp promoter were altered in a step-wise manner to conform to their respective consensus sequences by synthetic oligonucleotide-directed site specific mutagenesis. The mutated promoters were then fused to the lacZ gene to measure promoter activity. The beta-galactosidase activity increased approximately 1.9 and 2.4 fold when the -10 region (AATACT) was altered to TATACT(P1) and TATAAT (consensus sequence; P2), respectively. Similarly, it increased approximately 1.2 and 4.2 fold, when the -35 region (TTCTCA) was altered to TTCACA(R1) and TTGACA (consensus sequence; R2), respectively. When the mutations at the -10 and -35 regions were combined, the overall improvement of the promoter activity for R2-P1 was 4.0 fold over that of the wild-type promoter, while it was only 2.5 fold for R2-P2. These results indicate that substantial improvement of the promoter activity can be achieved by changing either of the two key regions to their respective consensus sequences. However, the complete conformity to consensus sequences at both regions does not necessarily result in the highest activity. With use of the improved lpp promoter in an expression cloning vehicle pIN-III-ompA, staphylococcal nuclease A was produced at a level of approximately 47% of the total cellular protein. PMID- 3923442 TI - Diphtheria toxin promoter function in Corynebacterium diphtheriae and Escherichia coli. AB - The expression of the diphtheria tox228 gene encoding the nontoxic, serologically related CRM228 mutant diphtheria toxin has been analyzed in Corynebacterium diphtheriae and Escherichia coli. The diphtheria toxin promoter has been used to direct the expression of beta-galactosidase in E.coli, and the efficiency of promotion has been compared to that obtained with the lac promoter. Expression in C.diphtheriae is known to be dependent on the absence of iron, and we present for the first time direct evidence that this regulation occurs at the level of transcription. The 5' end of toxin mRNA maps at the same position in C.diphtheriae and E.coli, suggesting identical sequences to be recognized by C.diphtheriae and E.coli RNA polymerase. The diphtheria toxin promoter carries at position -34 a TTGATT sequence closely related to the E.coli -35 consensus sequence and in the -14 to -8 region a set of overlapping sequences with complete or partial homology to the E.coli -10 consensus sequence. PMID- 3923443 TI - Structure and transcription of the tRNAPro1 gene from Escherichia coli. AB - A 5 kbp DNA fragment containing the tRNAPro1 gene from Escherichia coli was cloned into Charon 21A phage and sequenced by the M13 DNA sequencing technique. When the cloned DNA fragment was used as a template for in vitro transcription with E. coli RNA polymerase, a tRNAPro1 precursor of 120 nucleotide residues was obtained. The tRNAPro1 gene transcribed as a single transcription unit was followed by two unusual repeating sequences, both of 108 bp. These two repeating sequences were separated by a 60 bp spacer sequence. The 5'-portion of each repeating sequence overlapped 19 bp of the 3'-terminal region of the tRNAPro1 gene just like the repeating sequences in the E. coli tRNATyr1 gene. A rho independent termination was present in the first repeating unit. PMID- 3923445 TI - Does the 1985 nursing education proposal make economic sense? PMID- 3923446 TI - Care about food. Hospitals can make you thin. PMID- 3923447 TI - Care about food. Liquid nourishment. PMID- 3923448 TI - Hospice in the United States. Multiple models and varied programs. AB - This article has reviewed the evolution of hospice care as a discrete cluster of services in the United States from the mid-1960s until the early 1980s. It describes the psychosocial conditions produced by the dominance of cure-oriented medical technology in the medical care system and the reaction to them that hospice programs have come to express. The 6 major organizational models and their minor variations have been described, as were sources and methods of reimbursement until the implementation of the Medicare Hospice Benefit. Finally, the emergence of standards of care for this new service were outlined and the development of the JCAH Hospice Standards and Accreditation mechanism was emphasized. PMID- 3923444 TI - Collection of published 5S, 5.8S and 4.5S ribosomal RNA sequences. PMID- 3923449 TI - Models of care for persons with progressive cancer. AB - A need exists for a living-dying model that encompasses hospice care and alternative programs of care for the terminally ill. The existing medical and rehabilitative models are focused in directions that do not allow implementation of continuity of care directed toward supporting patients during the plateaus of their illnesses. Today, society has evolved to value the patient as a consumer of health care who can participate through making informed choices among the rich alternatives of care available. Yet the knowledge and technology base of health care delivery today increases at such a rapid rate that it almost seems out of control. This paradox makes it difficult for the patient-consumer to have access to information necessary for involvement in informed decision making. Greater numbers of consumers of health care are active in assuming responsibility for maintaining wellness. At the same time, they are seeking health care programs outside the medical model, as well as within the medical model. The "high-tech" atmosphere has been tempered with an emphasis on humanism, perhaps as a response to the infusion of machinery into our lives. As health care costs have escalated, concern has mounted that health care costs be contained, and that the poor and the elderly not be further curtailed in access to health care resources. There is tremendous potential among nurses for leadership in the creation of services that support quality of life for cancer patients and families. Nurses, as a collective, must be willing to engage in the politics of negotiation for reallocation of health care resources toward person-centered services and to establish a power base for influencing these decisions at the local, state, and national level of government and within various organizations offering health care services. As person-centered services are established, nurses must also move toward formalizing emergent practices into standards of care. Consumers deserve the protection of practice standards that are developed and sanctioned by the profession. It is also critical to test practice, both as it emerges, and after it has been formalized into standards. Nurses must continue to question the tenets of their practice. For example, what are the outcome effects of monitoring and supporting patients during the chronic phase of the living-dying interval? Is either the severity or the number of problems in the terminal phase reduced by these interventions? Changes in the provision of health services in this past decade have been extensive and broadly based.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3923451 TI - Learning to live with AIDS. PMID- 3923450 TI - Front line to spectators' gallery. PMID- 3923452 TI - Infection prophylaxis in the patient with cancer. PMID- 3923453 TI - Glyburide: a second-generation sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent. History, chemistry, metabolism, pharmacokinetics, clinical use and adverse effects. AB - Glyburide, a second-generation hypoglycemic sulfonylurea, is 200 times as potent as tolbutamide. This increase is due to greater intrinsic hypoglycemic potency of the molecule rather than to a prolonged biologic half-life. Glyburide is inactivated by the liver to 4-trans-hydroxyglyburide and 3-cis-hydroxyglyburide; 50% of these compounds is excreted in the urine and 50% in the bile. Although the serum concentration of glyburide can be measured by radioimmunoassay and high performance liquid chromatography, the importance of its serum concentration in the reduction of hyperglycemia is not yet established. Glyburide has a therapeutic effectiveness comparable to that of the first-generation sulfonylurea chlorpropamide; however, it has a lower frequency of adverse effects. To date it has a low frequency of clinically significant interactions with other drugs. Glyburide should not be prescribed for patients with liver disease or significant renal disease. Because glyburide is a potent hypoglycemic agent, it should be prescribed in small initial doses, particularly for elderly patients with diabetes. At the present time there is no definite evidence that it modifies the increased risk of cardiovascular disease of diabetic patients. Although glyburide is a potent stimulator of pancreatic insulin secretion after short-term administration, an additional mechanism of action during long-term administration is to decrease the resistance of muscle and liver to the action of insulin. It is a useful medication for patients with type II diabetes whose hyperglycemia is not adequately reduced by dietary management and exercise. It can be used as the initial drug in these patients or as the replacement drug for those with primary or secondary failure during therapy with first-generation sulfonylureas. PMID- 3923454 TI - Glipizide: a second-generation sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent. Pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and clinical use. AB - Glipizide is a second-generation sulfonylurea in which the substitutions on the arylsulfonylurea nucleus are large, relatively nonpolar groups. This chemical change increases the intrinsic hypoglycemic activity of the molecule 100-fold on a weight basis compared to first-generation agents. In addition, the pharmacokinetic properties, spectrum and severity of side effects and metabolism of this agent are somewhat different from those of first-generation sulfonylureas. The most important component of the antidiabetic action of glipizide is its effect in potentiating insulin action. Glipizide-mediated increases in nutrient-stimulated insulin secretion may contribute to its antidiabetic action. The drug is effective in controlling the blood glucose in patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. It is at least as effective as and probably more effective than first-generation sulfonylureas in controlling hyperglycemia in diabetes. Glipizide is relatively free of serious side effects and is contraindicated principally in patients with significant liver or kidney disease. PMID- 3923455 TI - Endocarditis on a Gore-Tex tube prosthesis. PMID- 3923456 TI - [Clinical aspects of post-transfusion non-A, non-B hepatitis]. PMID- 3923458 TI - EDTA-induced pseudothrombocytopenia. Recognizing a laboratory artifact. PMID- 3923457 TI - [Ineffectiveness of disodium cromoglycate in the treatment of a diarrheal form of irritable bowel syndrome]. PMID- 3923459 TI - The effect of aflatoxin on complement activity in broiler chickens. AB - Groups of broiler chickens were fed rations containing .625, 1.25, or 2.5 micrograms total aflatoxin/g of feed from one day to 42 days of age. Treatment groups were segregated according to sex and control groups were maintained. The chickens were bled at 14-day intervals, and serum was collected for assay of total complement (C) activity using a radial hemolytic procedure. No significant differences were found in C titers between males and females of the same age group. For the sexes combined, mean C titers of chickens fed aflatoxin were compared to mean titers of controls. For each age group, significant differences in C titers existed only between the control group and those chickens fed 2.5 micrograms/g aflatoxin. Complement is a major component of the humoral immune response and this study adds to the evidence that aflatoxin can be immunosuppressive to chickens. PMID- 3923460 TI - Influence of virginiamycin on phosphorus utilization by broiler chicks. AB - An experiment was conducted with day-old Cobb feather-sexed chicks to determine the influence of virginiamycin on phosphorus. When the average of the three levels of phosphorus were combined, utilization, body weights, and bone ash at 21 days of age were improved by the addition of virginiamycin to the diet. Also the amount of phosphorus required to produce a gram of body weight was decreased by the addition of virginiamycin to the diet. PMID- 3923461 TI - The effect of carbon dioxide packaging on detection of Campylobacter jejuni from chicken carcasses. AB - Commercially-processed broilers were held at 4 C in carbon dioxide(CO2)-flushed bags or in natural atmosphere for nine days prior to determining the most probable number of Campylobacter jejuni on individual carcasses. Fifty broilers were evaluated. The CO2-enriched atmosphere packaging of broilers had no detectable effect on the C. jejuni populations. PMID- 3923462 TI - Arterial blood gas, pH, and bicarbonate values in laying hens selected for thick or thin eggshell production. AB - Bicarbonate, pH, carbon dioxide partial pressure (pCO2), and oxygen partial pressure (pO2) were measured in blood samples collected anaerobically from the brachial arteries of domestic fowl from lines selected for thick (TK) or thin (TN) eggshell production. The blood values of TK and TN hens were compared 6 hr prior to oviposition and continued at 2-hr intervals until 10 hrs postoviposition. Percent shell values were measured for eggs laid 2 days prior to and during blood sampling. Hens with TK shells had significantly (P less than .001) higher percent shell values than hens with TN shells. The measured blood parameters (bicarbonate, pH, pCO2, and pO2) did not differ significantly (P greater than .05) when TK and TN hens were compared at the time of oviposition. However, between 2 and 6 hr postoviposition, TN hens had significantly lower blood pH, pO2, and bicarbonate than did TK hens. Arterial pCO2 tended to be higher in TN hens than in TK hens, but this difference was significant only at 6 hr preoviposition. These results show that TN hens develop metabolic acidosis relative to TK hens during the first 6 hr postoviposition. PMID- 3923463 TI - Influence of virginiamycin on energy utilization when turkey poults were fed ad libitum or restricted. AB - An experiment was conducted with day-old turkey poults to study the influence of virginiamycin on energy utilization. A 2 X 2 factorial arrangement of treatments was used, which included ad libitum or a 25% feed restriction and 0 or 22 ppm of virginiamycin. Virginiamycin in the diet significantly improved body weight, feed efficiency, and dietary energy utilization when poults were fed ad libitum or when feed was restricted. These data indicate that virginiamycin enhances the utilization of dietary energy by turkey poults. PMID- 3923464 TI - Effects of purified aflatoxin on broiler chickens. AB - Purified aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) or AFB1 plus aflatoxin B2 (AFB2) was given daily for 5 weeks in gelatin capsules to 2-week-old feather-sexed broilers. In Experiment 1, pure AFB1 was given in doses equivalent to the quantity of toxin received, if diets containing either 0, 200, 500 or 1000 ppb of AFB1 were consumed. In Experiment 2, pure AFB1 or AFB1 plus B2 was administered in capsules in doses equivalent to the quantity of toxin received, if diets containing either 0, 100, 200, or 400 ppb of AFB1 were consumed. In Experiment 1, pure AFB1 greater than or equal to 500 ppb was only mildly toxic. These levels produced a significant decrease in the 5-week weight gain and microscopic lesions indicative of alfatoxicosis. No morbidity, mortality, or effects on feed conversion or immune responses, however, were noted in birds given pure AFB1 at these levels. Gross liver lesions indicative of aflatoxin toxicity occurred at the 1000 ppb only. Results of Experiment 2 were similar to the first. Weight gain and feed conversion were not affected for broilers receiving pure AFB1 as low as 200 ppb. No morbidity, mortality, or gross lesions were evident in birds given either pure AFB1 or AFB1 plus AFB2 as high as 400 ppb. However, cell-mediated immunity as measured by a delayed hypersensitive skin test was significantly affected in birds receiving 400 ppb AFB1 plus AFB2. No effects on humoral immunity or the development of acquired immunity to Newcastle disease or fowl cholera vaccination were noted. PMID- 3923465 TI - Effect of purified aflatoxin on turkeys. AB - Purified aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) or AFB1 plus aflatoxin B2 (AFB2) was given daily for 5 weeks in gelatin capsules to 2-week-old Nicholas X Nicholas turkeys. In Experiment 1, pure AFB1 was given in dosages equivalent to the quantity of toxin received if diets containing either 0, 200, 500, or 1000 ppb of AFB1 were consumed. In Experiment 2, either pure AFB1 or AFB1 plus AFB2 was given in capsules equal to the quantity of toxin received if a diet containing either 0, 100, 150, or 200 ppb of AFB1 was consumed. In Experiment 1, pure AFB1 administered by capsule equal to 500 and 1000 ppb was highly toxic and by the second week, it resulted in 100% morbidity, mortality, and gross and microscopic lesions. Aflatoxin B1 at 200 ppb caused none of these changes. However, it did cause a significant depression in feed conversion, but not weight gain, during all weeks and also a reduction in cell-mediated immunity (CMI) as measured by a delayed hypersensitive skin test to mycobacterium. Results in Experiment 2 were similar to the first. Aflatoxin B1 and AFB1 plus AFB2 as high as 200 ppb resulted in no morbidity, mortality, or gross or microscopic lesions. Also, no significant reductions in either weight gain or feed conversion were evident in any level of either AFB1 or AFB1 plus AFB2. However, numerical, but not statistically significant, dose-related reductions in all CMI tests were noted in birds receiving either AFB1 or AFB1 plus B2 at as low as 100 ppb. PMID- 3923466 TI - Activation of hepatic microsomal mixed function oxidase system in broiler chicks by diet changes. AB - Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of diet composition on activity of the microsomal mixed function oxidase (MFO) system in broiler chicks. One-day-old chicks were fed for 10 days either a corn-soy (CS) diet or diets supplemented with a combination of fish meal, alfalfa meal, and torula yeast (FAY) or individually with fish meal (FM), alfalfa meal, distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), or torula yeast (TY). Activities of hepatic microsomal aniline hydroxylase and aminopyrine N-demethylase were increased when chicks were fed FAY, FM, TY, or DDGS compared with those fed CS. In another experiment chicks were fed the CS and FAY diets to 4 weeks of age. Hepatic microsomal cytochrome P 450, cytochrome b5, and activities of aniline hydroxylase and aminopyrine N demethylase were significantly increased in birds fed the FAY diet. Activities of NADPH and NADH-cytochrome C reductase were not affected. These results show that the hepatic microsomal MFO system is activated by changes in diet composition and suggest that this activation may be responsible for reducing estradiol and liver lipid levels when similar diets are fed to laying hens. PMID- 3923467 TI - [Pyrazinamidase activity and sensitivity to pyrazinamide in tuberculosis bacteria]. PMID- 3923468 TI - [Value of microbiological studies in the diagnosis of ocular tuberculosis]. PMID- 3923469 TI - [Generalized tuberculosis in a child, caused by L forms of Mycobacterium tuberculosis]. PMID- 3923470 TI - [Clinical manifestations and treatment of respiratory organ tuberculosis in children caused by Mycobacterium bovis]. PMID- 3923471 TI - Catalytic unit of adenlyate cyclase: purification and identification by affinity crosslinking. AB - The guanosine 5'-[beta, gamma-imido]triphosphate (p[NH]ppG)-activated adenylate cyclase from rabbit myocardial membranes was purified approximately equal to 60,000-fold to a specific activity of 15 mumol X mg-1 X min-1 by Lubrol PX extraction, affinity chromatography, and gel permeation HPLC. The major purification (greater than 2000-fold) was achieved by affinity chromatography on forskolin-Sepharose, a method previously developed in this laboratory. The final product appeared as two major peptides of Mr 150,000 and 42,000 and one minor peptide of Mr 45,000 when analyzed by NaDodSO4/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. It is suggested that the Mr 42,000 and 150,000 components represent the alpha-subunit of the stimulatory guanine nucleotide binding regulatory protein (GS) and the catalytic unit, respectively, because upon crosslinking of a reconstituted adenylate cyclase containing the [32P]ADP ribosylated alpha-subunit of GS (Mr, 42,000), a single radiolabeled product of Mr 190,000 appeared on NaDodSO4/polyacrylamide gels. Further identification is based on the correlation of the Mr 150,000/42,000 bands with enzymatic activity when the purified enzyme was analyzed by various chromatographic procedures. PMID- 3923472 TI - Sequence context effects in DNA replication blocks induced by aflatoxin B1. AB - The genotoxic effects of the potent mutagenic carcinogen aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) are believed to be mediated by its reaction with the N-7 atom of guanine residues in DNA. We have analyzed the effect of AFB1-induced chemical modification on the template function of single-stranded DNA in vitro. The experimental strategy involves the elongation of a primer on a modified template by Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I (large fragment) and analysis of the products by high-resolution gel electrophoresis. Our data show that (i) AFB1 induces specific replication blocks one nucleotide 3' to the sites of occurrence of guanine residues on template DNA; (ii) AFB1-induced replication blocks occur predominantly at sequences capable of participation in intrastrand base pairing; (iii) within the intrastrand base-paired regions there are strong sequence context effects, in accordance with the previously described [Muench, K. F., Misra, R. P. & Humayun, M. Z. (1983) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 80, 6-10] specificity "rules" that apply to the reaction of AFB1 with guanine residues in double-stranded DNA; (iv) there is evidence that the (7-guanyl)-AFB1 adducts as well as secondary derivatives such as the formamidopyrimidine-AFB1 act as replication blocks. In summary, these data suggest that previously observed inhibition of DNA replication and transcription by AFB1 is directly attributable to (7-guanyl)-AFB1 adducts or their secondary reaction products. PMID- 3923473 TI - Covalent modification of the iron protein of nitrogenase from Rhodospirillum rubrum by adenosine diphosphoribosylation of a specific arginine residue. AB - Nitrogenase in Rhodospirillum rubrum is inactivated in vivo by the covalent modification of the Fe protein with a nucleotide. The preparation of two modified peptides derived from proteolytic digestion of the inactive Fe protein is described. The modifying group is shown to be adenosine diphosphoribose, linked through the terminal ribose to a guanidino nitrogen of arginine. The structural features were established by using proton and phosphorus NMR, positive- and negative-ion fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry, and fast atom bombardment/collisionally activated decomposition mass spectrometry. Spectral methods along with chromatographic analysis and sequential degradation established the sequence of the modification site of Fe protein as Gly-Arg(ADR ribose)-Gly-Val-Ile-Thr. This corresponds to the sequence in the Fe protein from Azotobacter vinelandii for amino acid residues 99 to 104. PMID- 3923474 TI - A second tRNA binding site on elongation factor Tu is induced while the factor is bound to the ribosome. AB - Previously, we reported that the antibiotic kirromycin induces two tRNA-binding sites on the elongation factor Tu. The classical binding site (site I) binds aminoacyl-tRNA and, with much less affinity, deacylated tRNA. The kirromycin induced site II binds aminoacyl-tRNA, peptidyl-tRNA, and deacylated tRNA with comparable affinities. Accordingly, 3'-oxidized tRNA can be cross-linked in the presence of the antibiotic to two specific sites of EF-Tu: Lys-237 and Lys-208. Here, we report that 3'-oxidized tRNAPhe, bound to a ribosome-poly(U) complex, can also be cross-linked to either one of these two sites. When located in the ribosomal peptidyl site, it cross-links exclusively to Lys-208; when located in the ribosomal aminoacyl site, it cross-links exclusively to Lys-237, irrespective of the presence of kirromycin. Since no cross-linking could be detected in the absence of ribosomes and kirromycin, we conclude that the tRNA-binding site II is induced upon interaction of aminoacyl-tRNA-EF-Tu-GTP with the ribosome-mRNA complex. The results indicate that, on the ribosome, EF-Tu interacts with peptidyl-site-bound peptidyl-tRNA through tRNA-binding site II and with aminoacyl site-bound aminoacyl-tRNA through tRNA-binding site I. PMID- 3923475 TI - Interleukin 3 promotes erythroid burst formation in "serum-free" cultures without detectable erythropoietin. AB - Erythroid burst-forming units (BFU-E) from mouse bone marrow were grown for 7 days in agar or serum-free methylcellulose cultures in the presence or absence of erythropoietin (Ep) and/or interleukin 3 (IL-3). It was found that IL-3, even in the absence of serum and detectable Ep, was able to stimulate the full development of many erythroid bursts. This IL-3 effect was cell-dose dependent and did not appear to correlate with Ep dose. Spontaneous bursts and those stimulated by Ep only were rare and when seen were very small relative to those produced by IL-3 or IL-3 plus Ep. When addition of IL-3 or Ep to 7-day cultures was delayed, IL-3 but not Ep was shown to maintain BFU-E. No evidence was found by radioimmunoassay that Ep was produced or released in 7-day, "serum-free" cultures of bone marrow nor was Ep activity detected in culture media except those to which it had been added deliberately. PMID- 3923476 TI - Biphasic pattern of histone gene expression during Drosophila oogenesis. AB - The expression of histone genes during Drosophila oogenesis was compared to periods of DNA synthesis as well as to the pattern of actin gene expression. Accumulation of histone mRNAs was measured by RNA blot hybridization. Relatively low levels of histone mRNAs are present in egg chambers prior to stage 10, during the period of nurse and follicle cell polyploidization. Surprisingly, histone mRNAs accumulate rapidly and selectively after stage 10, coinciding with the onset of nurse cell degeneration and well after DNA synthesis and actin mRNA accumulation have ceased. A large proportion of the histone mRNAs is associated with polysomes at all times, indicating that expression of histone genes is not strictly coupled to DNA synthesis. The burst of histone mRNA accumulation near the end of oogenesis may provide a store of maternal histone mRNA to support the rapid cleavages that occur during early embryogenesis. These and previous results suggest that genes are independently regulated during differentiation of the Drosophila egg chamber. PMID- 3923477 TI - Human lambda light-chain constant region gene CMor lambda: the primary structure of lambda VI Bence Jones protein Mor. AB - Serologic, structural, and genetic analyses have shown that the constant (C) region of human kappa light chains is encoded by a single gene, whereas that of lambda chains is encoded by multiple genes. We have determined the complete C region amino acid sequence of two monoclonal lambda VI light chains, Bence Jones proteins Sut and Mor. The C region of lambda chains Sut and Mor consists of 105 residues, as is characteristic for human lambda light chains, of which 102 are identical in sequence. Protein Sut has the C region sequence associated with the C lambda isotype Mcg-, Kern-, Oz+ and represents a product of the C lambda 3 (Kern-, Oz+) gene. Protein Mor has a C region sequence associated with Mcg-, Kern , and Oz- proteins but differs from protein Sut by the presence of three amino acid interchanges at positions 168, 176, and 194. These substitutions distinguish protein Mor from lambda chains encoded by the C lambda 1 (Mcg+), C lambda 2 (Kern , Oz-), and C lambda 3 (Kern-, Oz+) genes and provide further evidence for polymorphism of the human C lambda genome. The gene encoding the C region sequence of lambda chain Mor is designated CMor lambda. PMID- 3923478 TI - Focal smooth muscle proliferation in the aortic intima produced by an initiation promotion sequence. AB - Human atherosclerotic fibrous plaques display a clonal character similar to many benign neoplasms. We report here that chickens treated with an initiation promotion sequence developed focal intimal smooth muscle lesions in the thoracic aorta that resemble early forms of atherosclerosis. Scanning electron microscopy revealed small mound-like lesions protruding from an intact endothelium in birds treated with an initiating dose of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (Me2BA) followed by twice weekly injections of the alpha 1-selective adrenergic agonist methoxamine for 20 weeks. Intimal lesion foci were composed of densely packed modified smooth muscle cells, abundant extracellular matrix, and occasional mononuclear cells (possibly monocytes). There was no ultrastructural evidence of lipid accumulation or alteration of the underlying media. These intimal lesions appeared in aortic segments of treated chickens in a pattern similar to that observed in classical experiments of multistage tumorigenesis in epidermis and other tissues. The treatment with Me2BA followed by methoxamine produced more focal lesions per thoracic segment and more segments per group with lesions than did treatment with either Me2BA or methoxamine alone. Thoracic intimal foci were absent from untreated and vehicle-treated groups. In contrast, the growth of a spontaneously arising atheroma in the distal abdominal aorta was not demonstrably affected by the initiation-promotion regimen. Likewise, weekly injections of Me2BA for 23 weeks, while greatly enhancing abdominal atheroma growth, produced no thoracic lesions. These results provide evidence that focal proliferation of intimal smooth muscle cells, a critical early event in atherogenesis, can be produced by an initiation-promotion treatment sequence. PMID- 3923480 TI - Structural effects of substitutions on the p21 proteins. AB - The conformational effects of different amino acid substitutions (lysine, serine, proline, and D-valine) for glycine at position 12 in the p21 oncogene-encoded proteins have been investigated by using conformational energy calculations. The normal cellular gene codes for a glycine at position 12 in the amino acid sequence, in the middle of a hydrophobic p21-(6-15)-decapepetide from Leu-6 to Gly-15. Mutations that cause amino acid substitutions for Gly-12 result in a protein product that produces malignant transformation of cells. We now find that not only are the preferred structures for the lysine- and serine-containing peptides more restricted and more helical than those for the glycine-containing peptide, but the lowest-energy structure for each substituted peptide is exactly the same as that previously found for the peptide with Val-12, suggesting the existence of a "malignancy-causing" conformation. None of the preferred conformations for the valine-, lysine-, and serine-containing peptides contain chain reversals at positions 11 and 12. However, we find that proline, unlike these residues but like glycine, at position 12 causes helix termination at positions 11 and 12, a result that suggests that the p21 protein product with proline at position 12 may exhibit lowered transforming potential, in agreement with the results of recent genetic recombination experiments. PMID- 3923479 TI - Alternative conformations in Escherichia coli 16S ribosomal RNA. AB - Partially denatured 16S rRNA from 30S ribosomes shows features of secondary structure in electron microscopy that correspond to the well accepted secondary structure model derived from chemical modification and phylogenetic data. However, a very different conformation is seen in precursor 16S rRNA sequences contained within 30S pre-rRNA transcripts: the major 5'-terminal loop is absent, and several additional quite stable large loops, symmetrically placed in the molecule, are present. Features of the alternative structure are also seen in mature 16S rRNA from Escherichia coli and from two Bacillus species when heated in certain buffers. Microscopy thus reveals specific features of alternative conformations and their relative stabilities, suggesting a possible transition during ribosome formation. PMID- 3923481 TI - Role of hepatic tetrahydrofolate in the species difference in methanol toxicity. AB - The susceptibility of various species to methanol toxicity is inversely related to the rate of tetrahydrofolate (H4folate)-dependent formate oxidation to carbon dioxide. Thus, the levels of various folate derivatives and folate-dependent enzyme activities present in the livers of monkeys, which are sensitive to methanol, and rats, which are not, were compared in order to investigate the biochemical basis of this species difference. Hepatic H4folate levels in monkeys were 60% of those in rats, and formylated-H4folate derivatives were 2-fold higher in monkeys than in rats. No significant difference between monkeys and rats in the levels of total hepatic folate or 5-methyl-H4folate was observed. The activities of formyl-H4folate synthetase (EC 6.3.4.3) and formyl-H4folate dehydrogenase (EC 1.5.1.6) were 4- and 2-fold higher, respectively, in monkeys than in rats. There was no significant difference between monkeys and rats in methionine synthetase activity (EC 2.1.1.13). Dihydrofolate reductase activity (EC 1.5.1.3) in monkeys was 20% of that in rats. 5,10-Methylene-H4folate reductase (NADPH) activity (EC 1.1.1.171) in monkeys was 40% and 25% of that in rats when the rates of the forward and reverse reactions, respectively, were compared. Serine hydroxymethyltransferase activity (EC 2.1.2.1) was 2-fold higher in monkeys than in rats. The differences in the activities of methylene-H4folate reductase and serine hydroxymethyl-transferase between monkeys and rats may have contributed to the difference in hepatic H4folate levels. The 40% lower level of hepatic H4folate in monkeys, as compared to rats, relates well to the 50% lower maximal rate of formate oxidation in monkeys. Thus, the species difference in susceptibility to methanol may be explained by the difference in the level of hepatic H4folate. PMID- 3923483 TI - The 200- and 150-kDa neurofilament proteins react with IgG autoantibodies from chimpanzees with kuru or Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease; a 62-kDa neurofilament associated protein reacts with sera from sheep with natural scrapie. AB - Sera from 46 chimpanzees with spongiform encephalopathy (18 kuru, 28 Creutzfeldt Jakob disease) and sera from 12 sheep with natural scrapie were tested for reactivity with immunoblots of neurofilament preparations obtained from mouse brain. The sera from the chimpanzees reacted mainly with the 200- and 150-kDa proteins of the neurofilament triplet and less frequently with the 70-kDa component of the triplet and with a 62-kDa neurofilament-associated protein. In contrast, the sera of sheep with natural scrapie reacted exclusively against the 62-kDa protein. The specificity of the reactions was established by comparison of sera reactivities with those of rabbit and mouse polyclonal antibodies and mouse monoclonal antibody to neurofilament proteins. PMID- 3923482 TI - Homology of the rat basophilic leukemia cell and the rat mucosal mast cell. AB - Secretory granules of the rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-1) cell, a chemically generated tumor cell line maintained in tissue culture, were shown to stain with alcian blue but not with safranin counterstain and to have sparse, small, electron-dense granules. A Mr 25,000 protein was the major [3H]diisopropyl fluorophosphate-binding protein in extracts of RBL-1 cells. Double immunodiffusion analysis of extracts revealed immunoreactivity for rat mast cell protease (RMCP)-II, a Mr 25,000 neutral protease present in the secretory granules of rat mucosal mast cells and cultured rat bone marrow-derived mast cells, but no immunoreactivity for RMCP-I, the predominant neutral protease of rat connective tissue mast cells. By radial immunodiffusion, there was 66.8 ng of RMCP-II per 10(6) cells. Whereas rat connective tissue mast cells stain with alcian blue and safranin and contain heparin proteoglycan, rat mucosal and rat bone marrow-derived mast cells stain with alcian blue only and contain a non heparin proteoglycan and lesser amounts of histamine. Proliferation of rat mucosal mast cells in vivo and rat bone marrow-derived mast cells in vitro requires T-cell factors, whereas no comparable requirement has been observed for connective tissue mast cells. The transformed RBL-1 tumor cells, whose growth is independent of factors other than those present in standard tissue culture medium, has previously been shown to contain predominantly chondroitin sulfate di B proteoglycans and low amounts of histamine. The similar histology and secretory granule biochemistry of the rat mucosal mast cells, rat culture-derived mast cell, and RBL-1 cell suggest that they comprise a single mast cell subclass distinct from the rat connective tissue mast cell. PMID- 3923484 TI - Perpetual production of hair cells and maturational changes in hair cell ultrastructure accompany postembryonic growth in an amphibian ear. AB - Sensory hair cells are produced in the ears of birds and mammals only during early development, so that a programmed termination of hair cell proliferation leaves adult birds and mammals susceptible to irreversible deafness and balance disorders. This study reports that this is not an inherent feature of hair cells and is not shared through all the vertebrate classes. In toads (Bufo marinus) hair cells accumulate throughout life, increasing in the sacculus from approximately 400 cells at metamorphosis to more than 1600 in adulthood. In both embryonic and postembryonic ears new hair cells have been identified by scanning electron microscopy and through uptake of radioactively labeled thymidine. In the otic vesicle of postneurulation embryos there is a single primordial sensory epithelium that contains approximately 100 hair cells. Scanning electron microscopy has demonstrated that these newly formed hair cells all have stereocilia bundles that are shorter than 1.5 micron, whereas the majority of hair cells in postembryonic ears have stereocilia bundles that are at least 3 micron long. In the postembryonic sacculus the proliferation of hair cells never appears to cease, since newly produced hair cells identified by their short stereocilia have been found in a distinct peripheral growth zone at the edge of the sensory epithelium even in specimens from the oldest 1% of natural populations. This peripheral growth zone is also the site of the most frequent labeling of newly synthesized DNA in hair cells. It appears that the postembryonic enlargement of the toad sacculus occurs primarily through appositional addition of new hair cells at its edge, with few hair cells added within the existing structure of the epithelium. PMID- 3923485 TI - Purification, induction, and distribution of placental glutathione transferase: a new marker enzyme for preneoplastic cells in the rat chemical hepatocarcinogenesis. AB - A polypeptide of Mr 26,000 and pI 6.7 that was markedly increased in rat livers bearing hyperplastic nodules (HNs) induced by chemical carcinogens was identified immunochemically as the subunit of neutral glutathione (GSH) transferase (GSHTase; RX:glutathione R-transferase, EC 2.5.1.18; also called GSH S transferase) purified from placenta (GSHTase-P) and was demonstrated immunohistochemically to be localized in preneoplastic foci and HNs. In the present study, GSHTase-P has been purified from the HN-bearing liver, and the distribution and inducibility have been examined quantitatively using anti GSHTase-P antibody. Elevation of GSHTase-P in the HN-bearing livers was also confirmed by in vitro translation of mRNAs isolated from the HN-bearing livers. The purified GSHTase-P was homogeneous in size but had two charge isomers on two dimensional gel electrophoresis. In normal tissues, including liver, placenta, and fetal liver, the protein content of GSHTase-P was generally low but was significantly high in kidney and pancreas. In contrast, the amount of GSHTase-P in HN-bearing livers (primary hepatomas) and transplantable Morris hepatoma 5123D were several 10-fold higher than that in normal liver but were undetectably low in transplantable Yoshida ascites hepatoma AH 130. Different from ordinary drug metabolizing enzymes, GSHTase-P was uninducible by administration of drugs and carcinogens prior to appearance of the preneoplastic foci and HNs. In addition, species specificity of GSHTase-P was low as it was crossreactive among rat, hamster, and human. PMID- 3923486 TI - Secretory S complex of Bacillus subtilis forms a large, organized structure when released from ribosomes. AB - The S complex of Bacillus subtilis, a set of four proteins that appears to be involved in protein secretion, is shown to be attached to 70S ribosomes: antibody to its 64-kDa component can aggregate these ribosomes, and the complex can be chemically crosslinked to ribosomal proteins. Low Mg2+ or prolonged high-speed centrifugation in a sucrose gradient releases the S complex from the ribosomes, and it is recovered as an aggregate with an S value of 76. Electron microscopy shows that these aggregates have a regular structure, somewhat resembling clathrin cages, with a diameter of about 45 nm. If these aggregates are physiological, their function would differ significantly from that of the signal recognition particle of eukaryotes. PMID- 3923487 TI - Antibodies against the carboxyl-terminal 5-kDa peptide of the alpha subunit of transducin crossreact with the 40-kDa but not the 39-kDa guanine nucleotide binding protein from brain. AB - We tested 18 antisera showing reactivity against the alpha subunit of transducin, the guanine nucleotide binding protein from rod outer segment, for crossreactivity against the 40- and 39-kDa guanine nucleotide binding proteins purified from bovine brain. A single antiserum, CW6, showed crossreactivity, and this was predominantly against the 40-kDa protein. Immunoblots of the tryptic fragments of transducin alpha subunit with multiple antisera raised against that subunit showed that only CW6 recognizes a COOH-terminal 5-kDa peptide that includes the site of pertussis toxin ADP-ribosylation. Antibodies against the 5 kDa peptide, affinity-purified from CW6, specifically react with the 40-kDa brain protein on immunoblots. The results show that the 39- and 40-kDa guanine nucleotide binding proteins from brain differ immunochemically and that the COOH terminal 5-kDa peptide of transducin alpha subunit is homologous to a region in the 40-kDa brain protein. We speculate that this homologous region may be in a domain that confers specificity for receptor interactions of guanine nucleotide binding proteins. PMID- 3923488 TI - A 38,000-dalton membrane protein (p38) present in synaptic vesicles. AB - A protein with an apparent molecular mass of 38,000 daltons designated p38 was found in synaptic vesicles from rat brain. The subcellular distribution of p38 and some of its properties were determined with the aid of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies. The subcellular distribution of p38 was similar to that of synapsin I, a synaptic-vesicle specific phosphoprotein. p38 in the synaptic vesicle fraction purified by controlled-pore glass bead chromatography showed an enrichment of more than 20-fold over the crude homogenate. Immunostaining of sections through various brain regions revealed an intense labeling of most, and possibly all, nerve terminals. Only faint reaction in the region of the Golgi apparatus and no detectable labeling of axons and dendrites was observed. Two dimensional electrophoresis revealed that p38 has an acidic pI. Solubilization experiments, as well as phase separation experiments using Triton X-114, indicated that p38 is an integral membrane protein. Binding of antibodies to intact synaptic vesicles, as well as controlled proteolytic digestion of intact and detergent-treated vesicles, revealed that p38 has a domain exposed on the cytoplasmic surface. PMID- 3923489 TI - Structure and sequence divergence of two archaebacterial genes. AB - The DNA sequences of a region that includes the hisA gene of two related methanogenic archaebacteria, Methanococcus voltae and Methanococcus vannielii, have been compared. Both organisms show a similar genome organization in this region, displaying three open reading frames (ORFs) separated by regions of very high A + T content. Two of the ORFs, including ORFHisA, show significant DNA sequence homology. As might be expected for organisms having a genome that is A + T-rich, there is a high preference for A and U as the third base in codons. Although the regions upstream of the structural genes contain prokaryotic-like promoter sequences, it is not known whether they are recognized as promoters in these archaebacterial cells. A ribosome binding site, G-G-T-G, is located 6 base pairs preceding the ATG translation initiation sequence of both hisA genes. The sequences upstream of the two hisA genes show only limited sequence homology. The M. voltae intergenic region contains four tandemly arranged repetitions of an 11 base-pair sequence, whereas the M. vannielii sequence contains both direct and inverted repetitive sequences. Based on the degree of hisA sequence homology, we conclude that M. voltae and M. vannielii are less closely related taxonomically than are members of the enteric group of eubacteria. PMID- 3923491 TI - Measurement by electrical impedance aggregometry of porcine platelets response to selected physiological agonists. AB - Although the domestic swine is commonly employed for physiological studies of the coronary circulation, there is relatively little data available concerning the responsiveness in whole blood of normal porcine platelets to standard physiological agonists. Such information is essential if the domestic swine is to be used as an animal model for studying potential interactions between platelets and the coronary circulation. Accordingly, the present study was undertaken to characterize the responses (aggregation and ATP release) observed in whole blood of normal porcine platelets to selected physiological agonists. The responses of platelets from 10 normal human volunteers also were studied with this system for comparison. Agents tested included ADP, arachidonic acid, collagen, epinephrine, norepinephrine, and thrombin. Studies were conducted with the Chronolog impedance aggregometer. The results demonstrate that platelets of domestic swine are reactive to ADP, arachidonic acid, and collagen. In contrast, neither epinephrine nor norepinephrine alone induced aggregation or release. Norepinephrine, however, caused modest potentiation of aggregation in response to ADP only. At 1 mM concentration each catecholamine inhibited the release response to collagen while at 10 mM each inhibited aggregation and release in response to either ADP or collagen. The data obtained indicate the domestic swine may be employed as a useful model to examine interactions between platelets and the coronary circulation. PMID- 3923492 TI - Pain pathways in the primate. AB - From the work reviewed here, it appears that the classical view that there is a sensory channel for pain sensation rather like sensory channels for other sensations seems plausible. However, pain has the property of producing more prominent motivational-affective behaviors than do other sensations (although there are certainly motivational-affective components of the responses to many sensory experiences, such as a verbal attack or the odor of a favorite perfume). It may be that certain nociceptive neurons, such as the STT cells that project to the medial thalamus that have total body receptive fields and many similar spinoreticular neurons, are concerned not so much with sensory events but rather with motivational-affective responses. Nevertheless, there are specific nociceptive afferent fibers, nociceptive spinothalamic tract cells with restricted receptive fields, nociceptive VPL thalamic and SI cortical neurons that presumably could play a crucial role in the sensory-discriminative aspects of pain (signalling, for example, stimulus intensity, location, duration, rate, and quality). Interestingly, many nociceptive neurons receive a convergent input from both sensitive mechanoreceptors and from nociceptors and so can be classified as "wide dynamic range" or multiconvergent neurons. It is not at all clear what the significance is of this kind of multimodal convergence. One possibility is that the weaker tactile input is treated as noise and largely ignored by higher processing centers in the brain. Another possibility is that WDR cells are switched in function by the action of descending pathways originating in the brain stem or cerebral cortex (cf., Gerhart et al., 1984; Yezierski et al., 1983). In any event, the solution of this problem is likely to be very important for the full understanding of the coding properties of nociceptive neurons, and this issue is reminiscent of the coding problem discussed by David Smith in this volume with respect to the gustatory system. PMID- 3923490 TI - The c-myc oncogene is translocated to the involved chromosome 12 in mouse plasmacytoma. AB - Although it is known that the c-myc oncogene is rearranged in a head-to-head fashion with the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus in mouse plasmacytomas, it has not been clear whether the c-myc oncogene is translocated to the heavy chain locus on mouse chromosome 12 or whether the heavy chain locus is translocated to the c-myc locus on mouse chromosome 15. To determine which of these two possibilities is correct, we hybridized Chinese hamster fibroblasts with J558 mouse plasmacytoma cells that carry a reciprocal chromosome translocation between chromosomes 12 and 15, and we examined the segregating hybrids for the presence of the normal and rearranged mouse c-myc genes, for the presence of different regions of the mouse heavy chain locus, and for the presence of genes located on mouse chromosomes 12 and 15. The results of this analysis indicate that, as in human Burkitt lymphomas with the 8;14 chromosome translocation, the c-myc gene is translocated to the heavy chain locus in mouse plasmacytomas. Thus the orientation of the heavy chain locus on mouse chromosome 12 and of the c-myc gene on mouse chromosome 15 is the same as the orientation of the homologous loci in man. PMID- 3923493 TI - Antinociceptive effects of peripheral nerve stimulation. PMID- 3923494 TI - Study of the ionic basis of visual transduction in vertebrate retinal rods. AB - The experiments described here have clarified some issues about visual transduction in rods. Thus, for instance, the long puzzling reversal potential for the light response is now readily explained by the ability of both Na and K to go through the light-sensitive conductance. The experiments also underscored the dual action of Na in transduction, namely, its roles as a current carrier and as a keeper for the open state of the conductance. The rather low ionic selectivity of the conductance in itself is also interesting and surprising, especially in view of some recent evidence that its unit conductance may be as much as a thousand times less than those of other conductances (Detwiler et al. 1982). The movement of Ca through the light-sensitive conductance and its regulation by the Na-Ca exchanger as described earlier should also be taken into account for any understanding of the role played by Ca in transduction. There is little doubt now that intracellular Ca somehow contributes to the control of the open and closed states of the light-sensitive conductance, but additional experiments are still necessary to find out exactly where and how it acts. Fig. 1 summarizes some of the findings described here. PMID- 3923495 TI - Calcium content and light-induced release from photoreceptors: measurements with laser micro-mass analysis. PMID- 3923496 TI - Lipoxygenase specific inhibitors inhibit murine lymphocyte reactivity to Con A by reducing IL-2 production and its action. AB - Caffeic acid and AA861, specific inhibitors of lipoxygenase, reduced reactivity of murine spleen lymphocytes to Concanavalin A (Con A). They inhibited interleukin-2 (IL-2) production and its action, although they did not inhibit acquisition of lymphocyte reactivity to IL-2. Indomethacin was not able to restore the reactivity of lymphocytes to Con A even when it was combined with lipoxygenase specific inhibitors. This result suggests that lipoxygenase inhibitors exert their effects not through increasing prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production but through inhibiting lipoxygenase. Lipoxygenase inhibitors exerted their effects even though they were removed 24 hr after the onset of culture. Taken together, these results suggest that lipoxygenase inhibitors exerted their inhibitory effects in the early period of lymphocyte activation by reducing IL-2 production and its action, implying that lipoxygenase reactions during 24 hr after stimulation may be involved in these steps. PMID- 3923497 TI - Regulation by oestradiol of the lipoxygenase pathway in the rat uterus. PMID- 3923498 TI - Intracamerally applied prostacyclin raises the intraocular pressure in the rabbit. AB - The effects of prostacyclin (PGI2) upon intraocular pressure and pupil size were examined in anaesthetized rabbits. Intracamerally applied PGI2 within the dosage range of 0.1 to 1.0/microgram led to an increase of the intraocular pressure (IOP) measured directly and continuously, and to a miosis. 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha, the product of hydrolysis of prostacyclin did not influence IOP or reaction of the pupil. Topical single doses of PGI2 of 4 to 80/micrograms on conjunctiva and cornea of the eye had no effect. PMID- 3923499 TI - Nafazatrom (Bay g 6575) blunts canine hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction: evidence for a prostaglandin-mediated mechanism. AB - The eicosanoids are circulating vasoactive substances which may serve as modulators of pulmonary vasomotor tone. Nafazatrom (Bay g 6575) has been reported to raise circulating levels of prostaglandin I2 (PGI2) either by stimulating its synthesis or inhibiting its metabolism, and may also decrease leukotriene synthesis by inhibiting lipoxygenase. We evaluated the hemodynamic effects of nafazatrom administered intravenously in doses of 2,5, and 10 mg/kg in intact, anesthetized dogs ventilated with 21% and 10% oxygen. The hypoxia-induced increase in pulmonary vascular resistance was blunted by nafazatrom in an inverse dose-dependent fashion. Pretreatment with the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin (5 mg/kg subcutaneously twice daily for two days) abolished the response to low-dose nafazatrom. The pulmonary vasodilator response to the infusion of arachidonic acid (100 micrograms/kg/min) during hypoxic ventilation was blocked by the 10 mg/kg dose of nafazatrom. We conclude that nafazatrom blunts hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in a manner consistent with a drug induced increase in PGI2 activity, and that the inverse dose-dependent effects of the drug which we observed are due to an inhibition of cyclooxygenase at higher doses. PMID- 3923500 TI - Flavonoid content in propolis extracts and growth inhibition of Bacillus subtilis. AB - Thirty eight propolis samples were collected in several regions of SR Croatia differing in climate and vegetation. Amounts of 3,5,7-trihydroxyflavone and of 5,7-dihydroxyflavonone were determined chromatographically in individual propolis samples. Concentrations of each constituent were correlated with the growth inhibitions of Bacillus subtilis (IP-5832). PMID- 3923501 TI - [Stabilization of physostigmine salicylate injection solutions]. AB - Aimed at the centralized manufacture of physostigmin salicylate injection solutions, the efficacy of different stabilizators has been studied under conditions of the thermic load. As for physostigmin sodium pyrosulphite is no antioxidant but a discolouration-protective agent. A decrease of the physostigmin content is not avoided. During the tests ascorbic acid proved to be the most efficient stabilizator, because its application resulted in the most favourable rates of storage stability and usability and at the same time in a pH stabilization to the optimum range of 3 necessary for the physostigmin keeping quality. An additionally stabilizing effect is obtained by a 5 min carbon dioxide gasing of the solutions. Moreover, ascorbic acid is as viewed in physiological perspective the most harmless one. A servicable stabilizing procedure for generation of 0.1% physostigmin salicylate injection solutions has been developed on this basis. These solutions had repeatedly and successfully been applied an antidote to intoxications with atropine syndrome, especially to intoxications with tricyclic anti-depressives and phenothiazines. PMID- 3923502 TI - Hypothalamic involvement in the locomotor stimulant or satiety action of thyrotropin-releasing hormone and amphetamine. AB - To determine whether the locomotor stimulant and the anorexic actions of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and amphetamine were mediated through the hypothalamic nuclei, rats were infused with either TRH or amphetamine through previously implanted hypothalamic cannulae. Administration of TRH or amphetamine into the ventromedial hypothalamus, but not the lateral hypothalamus and the anterior hypothalamus, caused locomotor stimulation in rats. On the other hand, administration of TRH or amphetamine into the lateral hypothalamus, but not the ventromedial hypothalamus or the anterior hypothalamus, caused a reduction in food consumption without affecting relative water intake (or water-to-food ratio) in the rat. The data indicate that the ventromedial hypothalamus is the most sensitive site of the TRH- or amphetamine-induced locomotor stimulation and the action of TRH or amphetamine on the lateral hypothalamus is also a possible mechanism mediating anorexia. PMID- 3923503 TI - Metabolic dependency of cadmium uptake and the relaxant effects of cadmium in smooth muscle of guinea pig tenia coli. AB - The effects of cadmium ions on tension and lactate release under anaerobic conditions were compared with the effects of gallopamil in tenia coli. Both 0.5 mmol X 1(-1) Cd2+ and 1 X 10(-6) mol X 1(-1) gallopamil inhibited the tensions induced by high-K+ media containing a high concentration of glucose under anoxia. The increase in lactate release from the muscle tissues induced by the addition of glucose to a high-K+ medium under anoxia was inhibited by Cd2+, whereas gallopamil demonstrated only minor effects on lactate release. Following a preincubation with 0.5 mmol/l Cd2+ for 30 min under anoxia, the tension induced by high-K+ largely returned upon washing with disodium edetate (EDTA) to levels comparable to those at preincubation under normoxia. Elimination of tissue cadmium by EDTA was greater at preincubation under anoxia than when compared to normoxia. From the demonstrated kinetics of cadmium in tenia coli, it is suggested that cadmium can enter the cell in normoxic conditions. However, when cadmium is applied under anaerobic conditions, little of it seems to be able to penetrate the cell membranes. PMID- 3923504 TI - Doctors and the medical cost crisis: culprits, victims, or solution? PMID- 3923505 TI - A liquid ionisation detector for digital radiography of therapeutic megavoltage photon beams. AB - Experiments with an ionisation detector were performed in order to determine whether it was possible to obtain high energy photon beam images for radiotherapy treatment verification. A small prototype detector with a field of view of 78 mm X 78 mm and constructed from printed circuit boards was used. The imaging area was a matrix ionisation chamber, filled with air or liquid (2,2,4 trimethylpentane). A minicomputer was used to control the data acquisition electronics and to reconstruct and restore the images. The images were displayed on a viewing console for computed tomography images. The liquid filled detector with a front-rear board separation of 1.0 mm gave the best results. The spatial resolution was about 3.8 mm with a density resolution of 0.5% for a data acquisition time of 120 s. Comparison of the liquid detector images with corresponding metal screen-film detector images showed that the image qualities were the same. An important advantage of the ionisation detector image is that grey scale modification, sharpening and smoothing by digital processing can easily be performed. PMID- 3923506 TI - Efficacy of topical nitroglycerin for random-pattern skin-flap salvage. AB - The efficacy of topical nitroglycerin in the augmentation of random-pattern skin flap survival was studied. Our model consisted of a standardized cranially based random skin flap on the dorsum of Sprague-Dawley rats. Nitroglycerin was delivered transdermally through a semipermeable membrane from a constant delivery system. The four study groups included preoperative and postoperative nitroglycerin, postoperative nitroglycerin, semipermeable membrane alone, and a control flap. Surviving flap areas were measured by a computer-assisted system, and groups were statistically analyzed for significance. In the rat model, treatment of a compromised random skin flap by topical nitroglycerin demonstrates no improvement in survival. In light of previous studies, this suggests a fundamental drug response difference between axial- and random-pattern skin flaps. Moreover, the use of a semipermeable membrane dressing alone showed a clear benefit (p less than 0.05) over nitroglycerin-treated and control animals. PMID- 3923507 TI - Presidential address. PMID- 3923509 TI - "Psychology as a health care profession:" how healthy was APA's case for the cost effectiveness of psychological health care? PMID- 3923508 TI - Carbon dioxide (CO2) laser perforation of exposed cranial bone to stimulate granulation tissue. AB - The technique of CO2 laser perforation of exposed bone has been discussed. The advantages of this rapid and safe technique, which minimizes patient anxiety, limits tissue destruction, and can be performed without anesthesia in an outpatient setting, suggest that it can be considered as a possible alternative treatment to stimulate the production of granulation tissue over exposed bone to allow healing by secondary intention or skin grafting. PMID- 3923510 TI - Methodological issues in studies of premenstrual changes. AB - The main methodological issues that should be considered in studies of premenstrual changes are discussed. They include: the selection of well-defined groups of subjects who reflect the diversity of subtypes of premenstrual changes (PMC); the confirmation of retrospective reports through daily monitoring of changes by ratings, or by objective procedures when possible; the need to consider the diversity of premenstrual biological changes instead of comparing average levels, since there is a likelihood that different pathophysiological changes are connected with diverse behavioral and mood changes; application of a multivariate, time-related approach to explore the pathophysiology of PMC; the need to exclude placebo responders prior to the active drug phase in treatment trials and the need for such trials to be double-blind, placebo-controlled and, if possible, of a cross-over design. Attention to such issues should lead to increased consistency of findings across studies and eventually to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of PMC and to a rational, effective treatment. PMID- 3923512 TI - Temporal relations between blood alcohol concentration and alcohol effect: an experiment with human subjects. AB - Each of 40 fasting human subjects (20 men and 20 women) consumed 1 g ethanol (absolute) per kilogram body weight as a 20% solution by volume in orange juice. The time to peak BAC was found to be 24.0 min later than the time to peak alcohol effect as measured by magnitude estimation. This difference is both large and statistically reliable. These data are compared with those in the literature which usually show these events to be synchronous. Discussion includes reasons for this empirical discrepancy, implications of the theory of acute tolerance, and plans for future research. Examination of group data shows the same general trends obtained in the analysis of individual data: alcohol-effect scores reach peak earlier than BAC for the group as a whole (n = 40), or for men alone, or for women alone. Moreover, alcohol-effect scores decline more rapidly in later trials than BAC scores, as has been reported earlier. PMID- 3923511 TI - Performance and extinction of lever press behavior following chronic administration of desipramine to rats. AB - The effect of repeated administration of desipramine (DMI) on the acquisition, performance, and extinction of a lever press response for food reward was studied. Chronic administration of DMI caused a reduction in pressing under a CRF schedule both in naive and well-trained rats. Responding during extinction sessions did not differ between saline-treated rats and rats given DMI chronically. In addition, chronic administration of DMI reduced the body weight and food intake of rats on either a free-feeding or a restricted-feeding schedule. Consequently, lever pressing was also studied in a group of rats whose body weight was regulated to match the body weight of rats were administered DMI chronically. In comparison to this control group, rats administered DMI chronically responded significantly less during both reinforcement and extinction sessions. These results fail to replicate earlier reports that chronic DMI administration produces increased resistance to extinction. The results also show that assessment of food-motivated performance in rats treated chronically with DMI is difficult because of long-term changes in body weight and food intake. PMID- 3923513 TI - Reduction of flurazepam convulsive threshold by Ro 15-1788. AB - The influence of the benzodiazepine (BZ) receptor antagonist Ro 15-1788 on the convulsant properties of flurazepam (FLZ) was studied in rats. Animals were prepared with chronic epidural electrodes for EEG recording and respiratory rates were recorded via a rubber bulb connected to a pressure transducer. FLZ convulsive thresholds were determined by continuous IV infusion in the presence and absence of Ro 15-1788 pretreatment. All animals receiving the FLZ infusion experienced convulsions preceded by dose-dependent reduction of respiratory rate. Pretreatment with Ro 15-1788 substantially reduced the FLZ convulsive threshold, suggesting a blockade of the depressant (anticonvulsant) aspect of the FLZ effect, thus, augmenting a convulsant effect at a separate receptor. An alternate hypothesis is that Ro 15-1788 may increase the affinity or intrinsic activity of the receptor responsible for the convulsant aspect of FLZ. Ro 15-1788 did not appear to alter the respiratory rate depressant effect of FLZ, although early onset of convulsions in the pretreated animals precluded measurement of respiration at the higher dose of FLZ allowable in animals that were not pretreated with the antagonist. PMID- 3923514 TI - Chronic haloperidol during development attenuates dopamine autoreceptor function in striatal and mesolimbic brain regions of young and older adult rats. AB - The effects of chronic haloperidol administration during the prenatal and preweanling periods on dopamine autoreceptor function were examined in striatum, olfactory tubercles, and nucleus accumbens of young (2-3 month) and older (12-13 month) adult rats. In striatum of young and older adult rats that had been chronically treated with haloperidol early in life, as well as in the nucleus accumbens of older adults receiving early chronic haloperidol, gamma butyrolactone (GBL) did not induce significant increases in dopamine levels. In olfactory tubercles of young adults that had received early chronic treatment with haloperidol, apomorphine pretreatment failed to reverse the observed GBL induced increase in dopamine levels. Thus, dopamine autoreceptor function appears to be attenuated in rats chronically treated with haloperidol during early development, in contrast to reports of autoreceptor supersensitivity following neuroleptic treatment in adulthood. PMID- 3923515 TI - The discriminative stimulus properties and detection thresholds of intracranial self-stimulation: effects of d-amphetamine, morphine, and haloperidol. AB - A two-choice discrimination task was used to evaluate the effects of psychoactive drugs on the discriminative stimulus properties of brain self-stimulation in rats. In these experiments, brain stimulation served both as a discriminative stimulus and as a reinforcing stimulus, but the two effects were manipulated separately. Animals were trained to a criterion of 95% correct in choosing between two levers, and when this level of accuracy was reached, the ability to choose correctly remained stable over an 8-month period. Increasing the current strength of the discriminative stimulus from zero to 100% of the training current produced a graded increase in the number of trials completed on the appropriate lever. The discriminative effects produced by brain stimulation were evaluated pharmacologically by using three prototypical psychoactive drugs in an attempt to change the detection threshold for the discriminative stimulus. Morphine, d amphetamine, and haloperidol, drugs that reliably alter reinforcement thresholds for brain stimulation, failed to change detection thresholds. These results demonstrated that: brain stimulation produces potent and reliable discriminative effects and the effects of psychoactive drugs on detection thresholds can be dissociated from their effects on reinforcement thresholds for brain stimulation. PMID- 3923516 TI - Behavioral effects of a novel kappa opioid analgesic, U-50488, in rats and rhesus monkeys. AB - U-50488 [trans-3,4-dichloro-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl) cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide] is a structurally novel analgesic reported to have specific kappa opioid receptor agonist properties. Potent antinociceptive activity was demonstrated in rhesus monkeys and the effect was reversed by naloxone. The overt behavioral effects of U-50488 at supra-analgesic doses more closely resembled those of ethylketocyclazocine (EKC) than morphine. In monkeys trained to discriminate a 10 micrograms/kg dose of EKC from saline, the stimulus effects generalized completely to U-50488 and other kappa agonists (e.g., bremazocine, cyclazocine), but not to the pure mu agonists. Like the other kappa agonists, U-50488 produced diuresis in monkeys by a naloxone-sensitive mechanism. In drug-naive rats offered continuous opportunity to self-administer drugs IV, most rats self-administered morphine or EKC, but none of the rats self-administered U-50488 at a rate above that of a group offered saline. Rats with continuous IV infusion of U-50488 for 3 weeks exhibited few abstinence signs and no weight loss when challenged with an injection of naloxone or after abrupt cessation of drug infusion. These experimental results support the previous reports in mice that U-50488 is a very selective kappa opioid agonist in rats and rhesus monkeys. PMID- 3923517 TI - Luteinizing-hormone-releasing hormone modifies retention of passive and active avoidance responses in rats. AB - The influence of posttraining subcutaneous administration of luteinizing-hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) was tested on the retention of either active or passive avoidance conditioning in male rats. Injection of LHRH (200 micrograms/kg) immediately after the acquisition of an active avoidance response (two-way shuttle behavior) enhanced retention of the response, assessed 7 days later. When the neuropeptide was injected immediately after a passive avoidance conditioning training, the effects varied with the intensity of the footshock applied. LHRH enhanced retention of avoidance training with weak footshock (0.20 and 0.35 mA) but impaired retention of training with strong footshock (0.70 and 1.0 mA). The effects of LHRH seem to be unspecific since they are similar to those observed after treatment with several hormones. The results are discussed based on the interactions between peripherally injected hormones and endogenous substances released following footshock. A modulatory effect on the monoaminergic pathway involved in memory storage processes is postulated. PMID- 3923519 TI - Effect of serotonin antagonism in schizophrenia: a pilot study with setoperone. AB - The new antipsychotic drug setoperone is pharmacologically characterized by its potent serotonin and moderate dopamine receptor blocking properties. Forty chronic schizophrenic patients were included and 34 completed this pilot study. Following a drug-free period of 1 week the patients received setoperone 5 mg t.i.d. After 1 month of treatment, the psychotic symptoms, as measured by the BPRS, improved by approximately 50% (P less than 0.001) as compared with the condition under previous neuroleptic medication. Blockade of serotonin receptors may be related to improvement of autistic behaviour, dysphoria, and parkinson like symptoms. In residual schizophrenic patients, the need for dopamine blockade, which is normally correlated with the therapeutic effect on positive symptoms, can be reduced substantially. PMID- 3923518 TI - Supersensitivity to the anticonvulsant and proconvulsant activity of clonidine following noradrenaline depletion induced by 6-hydroxydopamine. AB - Electrically induced focal cortical seizures were examined in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) pretreated or control rats in the presence of 0, 1, 2.5, 5, and 10 micrograms/kg clonidine. In baseline determinations, rats pretreated with 6-OHDA showed lower seizure thresholds and longer behavioral and electrographic seizure than controls. Consistent with other reports, the lowest dose of clonidine (1 microgram/kg) inhibited seizures in control animals; 6-OHDA potentiated the anticonvulsant effect of the lowest dose of clonidine but exacerbated seizure in the presence of the highest dose of clonidine (10 micrograms/kg). Since others have reported proconvulsant effects of clonidine at much higher doses (100 or 1,000 micrograms/kg) using control animals, the depletion of forebrain norepinephrine with 6-OHDA therefore appears to produce a supersensitivity both to the proconvulsant and to the anticonvulsant effect of clonidine. These data suggest that the receptors that mediate the proconvulsant (possibly alpha 1 adrenoceptors) and the anticonvulsant (possibly alpha 2 adrenoceptors) effects are located postsynaptically. PMID- 3923520 TI - Increased or decreased locomotor response in rats following repeated administration of apomorphine depends on dosage interval. AB - Administration of drugs that reduce the influence of dopamine at its receptor site can lead to postsynaptic supersensitivity, whereas treatment with dopamine (DA) agonists can cause postsynaptic subsensitivity. Both unaltered and enhanced postsynaptic responses to DA have been shown after pretreatment with DA agonists. In the present manuscript pretreatment with apomorphine, a dopaminergic agonist, is shown to induce either increased or reduced locomotor activity. When a drug free period between successive injections was allowed, apomorphine induced an enhanced locomotor response, whereas a reduced response occurred when each dose was injected before the previous apomorphine dose had been completely metabolized. Pretreatment with both high (1 and 3 mg/kg) and low (0.05 mg/kg) apomorphine doses enhanced the response. Apomorphine treatment that caused enhanced locomotor responses did not modify the stereotypy response to the drug. Similar enhanced or reduced response were found in rats with partial lesions of the nigrostriatal system. These altered responses to DA agonists may have important clinical consequences. The present data also suggest the existence of a different DA systems for locomotor and stereotypy actions of dopaminergic agonists. PMID- 3923521 TI - Variability in simian motor and social behavior with alternating-day acetylmethadol. AB - Monkeys receiving acetylmethadol thrice weekly were more active on dosing days, and less active on between-dose days, than while drug-free. Aggressive social behaviours increased significantly on drug-dosing days, while quiescent resting behaviors were much more common on between-dose days. Tolerance to these effects was modest, and the effects were not blocked by naltrexone. These subtle but potentially disruptive behavioral effects appear to parallel many of the actions of acetylmethadol in man. PMID- 3923522 TI - The effects of d-amphetamine, chlordiazepoxide and alpha-flupenthixol on food reinforced tracking of a visual stimulus by rats. AB - Rats were trained to respond to one of two levers under a random ratio schedule of food reinforcement. Which of the levers was correct was redetermined before each response and signalled by a light. The effects of d-amphetamine (0.2-3.2 mg/kg), chlordiazepoxide (1-8 mg/kg), and the neuroleptic alpha-flupenthixol (0.03-0.33 mg/kg) on the efficiency of rats tracking this visual cue were examined. d-Amphetamine increased the proportion of responses made on the correct lever at low and intermediate doses, but reduced the proportion at 3.2 mg/kg. At the highest dose, chlordiazepoxide produced a small increase in this measure, together with a reduction in response rate, but alpha-flupenthixol had no effect, even at a dose reducing response rate. Low doses of amphetamine also increased switching between the levers, producing a proportionately greater increase in switching from the correct lever to the incorrect lever than vice versa. The results are interpreted as showing that d-amphetamine facilitates tracking performance as a result of its action of enhancing response switching, and supporting the hypothesis that facilitation of performance by amphetamine-like drugs depends on the effect of the drug on response output coinciding with task requirements. PMID- 3923523 TI - The tail suspension test: a new method for screening antidepressants in mice. AB - A novel test procedure for antidepressants was designed in which a mouse is suspended by the tail from a lever, the movements of the animal being recorded. The total duration of the test (6 min) can be divided into periods of agitation and immobility. Several psychotropic drugs were studied: amphetamine, amitriptyline, atropine, desipramine, mianserin, nomifensine and viloxazine. Antidepressant drugs decrease the duration of immobility, as do psychostimulants and atropine. If coupled with measurement of locomotor activity in different conditions, the test can separate the locomotor stimulant doses from antidepressant doses. Diazepam increases the duration of immobility. The main advantages of this procedure are the use of a simple, objective test situation, the concordance of the results with the validated "behavioral despair" test from Porsolt and the sensitivity to a wide range of drug doses. PMID- 3923524 TI - Specific opioid-amphetamine interactions in the caudate putamen. AB - Bilateral microinjection of morphine (0.003-3 micrograms/side) into the caudate putamen enhances the behavior induced by the IP injection of 1 mg/kg d amphetamine phosphate in a dose-related manner. The duration of activity was prolonged and ambulation was changed to d-amphetamine stereotypy, a behavior normally associated with higher doses of d-amphetamine. The opioid activity was stereospecific in that levorphanol was active, whereas dextrorphan was not. The enhancement of d-amphetamine-induced behavior by the opioids was blocked by naloxone. D-ala2-met-Enkephalin also enhanced the amphetamine-induced behavior. This enhancement appears to be specific to the caudate putamen because the oral stereotypy observed appears to be a unique action of amphetamine in this region of the brain. PMID- 3923525 TI - Effects of morphine, naltrexone, and dextrorphan in untreated and morphine treated pigeons. AB - Six pigeons, trained to peck a response key on a fixed-ratio 20 schedule of food reinforcement, were used to examine the effects of morphine, naltrexone, and dextrorphan, before, during, and after chronic treatment with increasing doses of morphine (10.0-100.0 mg/kg/day). Tolerance developed to the rate-decreasing effect of the daily maintenance doses of morphine within 2 days of each dose increase. A small amount of tolerance to morphine and supersensitivity to naltrexone was evident within the 1st week of morphine treatment (10.0 mg/kg/day). Continued administration of morphine (32.0-100.0 mg/kg/day) produced further tolerance to morphine and supersensitivity to naltrexone, as evidenced by a 5-fold increase in the dose of morphine, and 1,000-fold decrease in the dose of naltrexone, necessary to suppress responding. By the 4th week of treatment (100.0 mg/kg/day), a modest tolerance had also developed to the rate-decreasing effects of dextrorphan. Suppression of responding by naltrexone, but not morphine or destrorphan, was accompanied by a loss in body weight over the 1- to 2-h session in morphine-maintained pigeons; both weight loss and reduced response rates also occurred on termination of morphine treatment. Sensitivity to the rate-decreasing effects of morphine and naltrexone was near normal within 10 days following termination of morphine treatment. The dramatic changes in sensitivity to naltrexone and morphine produced by daily morphine injections, as well as the ability to generate complete dose-effect curves within a single session, indicate that this behavioral preparation may provide sensitive concurrent measures of narcotic tolerance and supersensitivity to antagonists in the pigeon. PMID- 3923526 TI - Clonidine produces a conditioned place preference in rats. AB - The possibility that the alpha-adrenergic agonist clonidine can act as a reinforcing agent was investigated using the conditioned place preference paradigm. Using two different variants of this method we were able to demonstrate reinforcing properties of clonidine at doses of 200 and 400 micrograms/kg. These results are consistent with those obtained by other investigators using the self administration technique, and support the view that adrenergic mechanisms may be involved in reinforcement. PMID- 3923527 TI - Pharmacological treatment of attention deficit disorder, residual type (ADD,RT, "minimal brain dysfunction," "hyperactivity") in adults. PMID- 3923529 TI - Cancer Prevention Awareness Program: targeting black Americans. PMID- 3923528 TI - New drug trials in attention deficit disorder. PMID- 3923530 TI - The limits of prevention. AB - Recent years have been marked by unprecedented accomplishments in preventing disease and reducing mortality. More gains can be expected, but there are limits. The forces shaping the nature and potential of prevention programs can be characterized as points falling along a spectrum ranging from the purely scientific to the purely social. This paper focuses on four elements of that spectrum, discussing some of the limitations to prevention that are presented by biological, technical, ethical, and economic factors. The author concludes with an essentially optimistic perspective on the prospects, special opportunities, and imperatives inherent in each of the categories of limitations discussed. PMID- 3923532 TI - Needs-based health promotion program serves as HMO marketing tool. AB - A needs assessment survey was originally conducted at the George Washington University Health Plan in 1981 and repeated in 1983 for evaluation and redirection. The survey resulted in a program which attempted to address the perceived needs of its members. The response, not only of the patients, but also of both the HMO clinical and marketing staffs, resulted in further program development, and established role for health promotion in HMO marketing, and a model of preventive care teaching in ambulatory primary care medicine. PMID- 3923531 TI - Progress toward the 1990 objectives for sexually transmitted diseases: good news and bad. AB - The problem of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in the United States has been growing, in both scope and complexity, at an alarming rate. As evidence of the emergence of these diseases as a primary national concern, the Surgeon General has designated them as 1 of 15 priority areas in which further actions are required to improve the health of the American people. The key targets for the 1990 objectives for the nation in the STD area include reducing the incidence of gonorrhea; gonococcal pelvic inflammatory disease; and primary, secondary, and congenital syphilis. This report updates progress toward these objectives. There is good news with respect to the continuing success of proven methods in preventing and controlling both gonorrhea and syphilis. However, the picture is less bright with respect to control of other STDs that have gained new prominence -Chlamydia, herpesvirus, human papillomavirus, and human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III infections. Escalating interest in STDs reflects more recent appreciation of their relation to reproductive outcomes. STD organisms clearly have a far-reaching effect on the nation's population, including the capacity to reproduce, the rate of perinatal infection, the incidence of genital cancers, and the occurrence of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Some major hurdles still must be faced before the 1990 objectives can be successfully met. The population at risk will remain large, fueling the STD epidemic and taxing existing resources. Public sector support may not keep up with inflation, much less keep pace with the expanding spectrum of sexually transmitted disease. From a public health vantage, however, the opportunities for further advances in controlling STDs have never been greater. PMID- 3923534 TI - Survey of New York State teenagers prompts drive on smoking, alcohol, drugs. PMID- 3923533 TI - Public awareness survey: the Maryland Poison Center and Mr. Yuk, 1981 and 1975. AB - A telephone survey of residents of metropolitan Baltimore was conducted in 1981 to assess awareness of the Maryland Poison Center and a program based on the Mr. Yuk poisoning warning symbol. The results of 280 telephone interviews are compared with a similar survey conducted 6 years earlier by the Maryland Poison Center. When faced with a harmful exposure, the most common response in the 1981 survey (32.9 percent) was to call the poison center. That response was only the fourth most frequent answer (14.5 percent) in the 1975 survey. Calling a physician or taking the person to a physician was the most frequent response in 1975 (29.5 percent) but only the fourth most frequent in 1981 (15.0 percent). Of the respondents who would call a poison center, 55.7 percent in the 1981 survey knew the center's telephone number or had ready access to it. Public awareness of Mr. Yuk remained at approximately 60 percent in both surveys. Persons familiar with the warning symbol in the latest survey were three times as likely to call the poison center as those who were not aware of it. PMID- 3923535 TI - Food and nutrition training for tribal cooks--promoting native American health. PMID- 3923536 TI - The public health response to 2,3,7,8-TCDD environmental contamination in Missouri. AB - In 1971, waste oil containing 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) was sprayed for dust control on a number of residential, recreational, and work areas in Missouri. In several of them, the level and extent of environmental contamination were not known until late 1982 or 1983. Extrapolation from existing toxicological data indicated the potential for substantial adverse health effects in highly exposed populations. As a result, the Missouri Division of Health and the Centers for Disease Control initiated close collaboration with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) on review and evaluation of environmental data, the development of health advisories to EPA on the need for remedial or preventive actions at specific contaminated sites, a health education effort for the medical community and general public, establishment of a dermatological screening clinic, establishment of a central listing of potentially exposed persons through administration of a health effects survey questionnaire, and a pilot medical study of a "highest risk" cohort. Strategies for additional interventions will continue to be based on findings derived from this first phase of the investigation. PMID- 3923538 TI - The British-Norwegian migrant study: 5-year mortality differentials due to cigarette smoking. AB - Cigarette smoking and 5-year survivorship of 20,017 British and 10,016 Norwegian migrants to the United States were compared with 17,696 British and 26,155 Norwegian nonmigrants. The highest mortality ratios for 5-year age-adjusted death rates observed were of cigarette smokers to nonsmokers, ranging from 1.40 to 1.60 for men and from 1.18 to 1.36 for women. Mortality ratios of nonmigrants to migrants ranged from 1.07 to 1.19 for men and from 1.22 to 1.36 for women. Mortality ratios for British to Norwegian groups ranged from 1.13 to 1.27. Some differences in mortality ratios for cardiovascular diseases contrasted with mortality ratios for noncardiovascular diseases were noted. The most important of these differences was the apparent lack of any consistent difference between nonmigrants and migrants in their 5-year cardiovascular mortality rates, although there were consistent differences for noncardiovascular diseases. PMID- 3923537 TI - Improving mental health practices in primary care: findings from recent research. AB - This paper reviews restraints on the provision of mental health services in primary health care under the broad categories of physician profile, patient behavior, the nature of psychiatric illness as presented in primary care, and service system characteristics. An extensive research agenda is proposed toward improving mental health care in primary care settings. Research recommendations focus on the following types of issues: seeking a better understanding of the clinical decision making process when confronted with psychological or emotional problems, designing more focused mental health training for primary care physicians and nurses, providing patient education to encourage communication of psychosocial problems to medical providers, clarifying the nature and course of psychiatric disorder in primary care, designing innovative clinical interventions applicable to primary care, and examining organizational models for better coordination of health and mental health services. PMID- 3923539 TI - Cancer counseling by telephone help-line: the UCLA Psychosocial Cancer Counseling Line. AB - This paper describes the Psychosocial Cancer Counseling Line (PCCL) of the University of California at Los Angeles, a National Cancer Institute-supported communications project in which the feasibility of providing psychological support to cancer patients and their significant others by telephone has been explored. Staffed by a combination of professional and paraprofessional volunteer counselors, the PCCL provides (a) direct telephone counseling to cancer patients, their families, and their friends; (b) referrals, when necessary, to community resources relevant to the psychosocial needs of callers; and (c) telephone consultation and information to health professionals. Call-record data reveal that the service is used mainly by family and friends of patients (45 percent of callers) and by patients themselves (23 percent), who represent a wide range of cancer diagnoses. Demographically, the modal caller is a well-educated, white, non-Hispanic woman in her thirties. Among the many different psychosocial concerns presented by callers, the most frequently discussed issues are requests for referral to a support group, anxiety associated with the disease or its treatment, family problems engendered or exacerbated by illness, and difficulties in doctor-patient communications. On the basis of the PCCL experience, the author argues that a telephone counseling service can perform important functions within the broad spectrum of psychosocial services needed by cancer patients and their families. These functions include provision of information, needs assessment, linkage to health professionals, psychological interventions during intervals between in-person contacts, provision of continuing emotional support not available elsewhere, and outreach to psychologically underserved populations. PMID- 3923540 TI - Unreported dog bites in children. AB - In 1981, more than 3,200 Pennsylvania children, ages 4 to 18 years, were surveyed about their dog bite histories and attitudes toward animals. Dog bites were much more common than previously reported: 45 percent of children had been bitten during their lifetimes, and 15.5 percent had been bitten in 1980, more than 36 times the rate reported to health authorities. In 1980, the highest bite rate occurred among children 7-12 years old (20 percent). Children were bitten more frequently by the dogs owned by their neighbors, followed by their own dogs, than by strays or by dogs whose owners were not known. Boys were bitten twice as frequently as girls by neighbors' dogs and strays; the bite rates from family dogs were identical in boys and girls. Despite the high bite rates, being bitten was not significantly associated, in most groups of children studied, with a dislike of dogs. These positive attitudes toward dogs may lead to inadequate precautions against bites and to biases in the reporting of bites to health authorities. PMID- 3923542 TI - Farm workers electrocuted when irrigation pipes contact powerlines. AB - For accidental electrocutions in Washington State from 1950 to 1979, the standardized proportionate mortality ratio for farmers compared with the general population was found to be 226 in a recent report. This excess mortality rate in Washington State was investigated by the authors, who reviewed death certificates and associated local newspaper reports of all farmers killed by electrocution during 1950-79 and of all persons killed by electrocution during 1970-79. Selected employers, next of kin, and public utility personnel were also interviewed. In Washington State 42 farmers were electrocuted during the years 1950-79; 23 of them were killed while working near irrigation pipes that came into contact with overhead electrical lines. During 1970-79 there were 15 irrigation pipe-associated (IPA) electrocutions among farmers and 15 among farm workers. The average age of farmers who suffered IPA electrocutions, 33.2 years, was less than the average age of farmers whose electrocutions were not associated with irrigation pipes, 48.9 years. Among persons less than 20 years old, IPA electrocutions were more common than any other type of electrocutions. During the months of April through September, 93 percent of the IPA electrocutions occurred as compared with only 61 percent of other types of electrocution. Among measures for the prevention of these electrocutions are education of the population at risk and changes in methods of irrigation. PMID- 3923541 TI - Use of vitamin-mineral supplements by AFDC children. AB - Slightly more than 11 percent of the 1,616 children in Northern Mississippi households receiving Aid to Families with Dependent Children regularly used vitamins, according to the 540 personal interviews conducted in this study. Of the vitamins used, about 20 percent were obtained by prescription. Participation in Early and Periodic Screening, Diagnosis and Treatment (EPSDT) was found not to be related to vitamin use. The pharmacy was the main source of vitamins, which most frequently were those widely advertised on television. It is suggested that pharmacists, physicians, and EPSDT personnel might take a more active role in nutrition counseling. The population is poor by definition and rural by study design. In the face of these facts, it was interesting to find that the most often used vitamin was Flintstones, one of the more expensive brands of children's vitamins. Some other vitamin products used, in descending order of frequency were One-A-Day vitamins, generic prenatal vitamins, and Neo-Vadrin with Iron. Data on shopping behavior and sources of products indicate that the population may not be making the best use of products or funds. Informal counseling by pharmacists at the point of sale has the potential to reduce these problems. PMID- 3923543 TI - Fatalities associated with farm tractor injuries: an epidemiologic study. AB - Death certificates were used as a source of information to characterize fatalities associated with farm tractor injuries in Georgia for the period 1971 81. In this period, 202 tractor-associated fatalities occurred among residents of Georgia; 198 of these persons were males. The annual tractor-associated fatality rate for males based on the population of male farm residents was 23.6 per 100,000; rates of fatal injury increased with age for this population. Persons whose primary occupation was other than farming accounted for more than half of all tractor-associated deaths. Fatal injuries occurred throughout the year but predominantly during the planting and harvesting months. Injuries occurred throughout the day (7 a.m. to midnight), with a peak at 4 p.m. to 5 p.m. Most fatal injuries, 76 percent, resulted when tractors overturned. Fatalities were attributed to crushed chest, exsanguination, strangulation or asphyxia, drowning, and other injuries. Current safety standards for the operation of farm tractors are limited; rollover protective canopies are not required for farm owners or their family members. Descriptive epidemiologic information obtained from death certificates can be used to define injury determinants and to suggest approaches for the further study and prevention of specific types of injuries. PMID- 3923545 TI - Nursing home residency after head injury. AB - A survey of 93 nursing homes in and near Rhode Island in May 1982 identified all head-injured patients who were State residents. Nineteen were identified, of whom ten were injured in motor vehicle crashes. The median age was 35 years. The median time since injury was 3 years and increased with age. The prevalence of such patients was 2 per 100,000 population. Except for a recent survey by the Connecticut Department of Health, little is known about the prevalence or duration of nursing home residency after head injury. To obtain such data, nursing homes in and near Rhode Island were surveyed for State residents who were patients because of head injury. PMID- 3923544 TI - Campylobacter jejuni infection in Colorado: unexplained excess of cases in males. AB - Between January 1, 1981, and December 31, 1982, the Colorado Department of Health received reports of 1,185 culture-confirmed cases of Campylobacter jejuni infection. Incidence rates were highest among infants less than 1 year old and among persons aged 20-29 years. The distribution of cases by sex showed a predominance among males at all ages except 40-59 years, the most marked predominance occurring in infants under 1 year. The higher rates for males were also significant for all ages combined, for ages 10-19 years, and for ages 5-9 years. Neither Salmonella nor Shigella infections reported in Colorado during the same period showed the preponderance among males found for C. jejuni infections. Giardia infections, however, showed a weak male predominance, especially among children less than 10 years old. The preponderance of C. jejuni cases among males disclosed by this study was remarkable. The reasons for this phenomenon are not clear and need further research. PMID- 3923546 TI - Perinatal needs of immigrant Hmong women: surveys of women and health care providers. AB - The Hill People of Laos in Southeast Asia, who are called the Hmong, are from a primitive culture which has had a written language for only 31 years. By 1980, about 3,000 of them were living in Colorado, one of 9 States to which they had migrated. In an effort to determine whether or not local health care service was accessible and acceptable to child-bearing families, a pilot survey was conducted in the Denver area. The survey consisted of interviews of the Hmong women themselves and questions of area health care providers. The interviews proved to be both difficult and illuminating. They were difficult because of the language barrier, which required exclusive use of interpreters, and because of the diffidence of the women themselves, especially in discussing matters of sex and childbearing. Illumination came from learning Hmong customs and culture and some of the benefits of their version of self-care. It also came from whatever value may lie in applying this knowledge to other immigrant ethnic groups with comparable problems. Responses to questionnaires from the health care providers disclosed that, from their viewpoint, principal Hmong concerns were family planning and nutrition. They also revealed surprisingly few maternal or child deaths among the Hmong. There still exists a need for both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies to document the effect of migration on the Hmong. PMID- 3923547 TI - [Effect of ADP on the course of radiation sickness and various metabolic processes in rats after local irradiation of the abdomen and parenteral feeding]. AB - The intraperitoneal administration of ADP (150-75 mg/kg/day) to rats on days 1-3 after exposure of abdomen to X-rays (13.5 Gy) enhanced the assimilation of glucose, amino acids and electrolyte introduced with the parenteral feeding and increased considerably the survival rate of animals. PMID- 3923549 TI - [Effect of lithium carbonate on the leukocyte count after exposure to ionizing radiation. 3. Influence of lithium carbonate on the leukocyte count in peripheral blood following fractionated caudal half-body irradiation]. PMID- 3923548 TI - [Effect of lithium carbonate on the leukocyte count after exposure to ionizing radiation. 2. Influence of lithium carbonate on the leukocyte ratio in peripheral blood]. PMID- 3923550 TI - [Modification of radiogenic changes in hematopoiesis--status and possibilities]. PMID- 3923551 TI - Ureteral pseudodiverticulosis. AB - There have been few reported cases of ureteral diverticula less than 4 mm in diameter; these are best described as pseudodiverticula based on their appearance in specimens obtained for pathologic study. An additional 23 patients are reported, 15 of whom were examined by urinalysis, urine culture, cystoscopy, and cytologic studies of the urine. Cytologic findings are of interest because of previous reports suggesting an association between ureteral diverticula and transitional cell carcinoma in the urinary tract. Hematuria, transitional cell carcinoma, and benign prostatic hyperplasia were the most common presenting conditions. Infection was found in only three. Diverticula were multiple in 91%, bilateral in 69%, and were predominantly upper and midureteral in location. Urine cytologic studies failed to detect early uroepithelial malignancy, but nonspecific cellular atypia and an association with malignancy in 30% of these patients suggests that close follow-up of patients with ureteral pseudodiverticulosis is prudent. PMID- 3923552 TI - Heterotopic bone formation in patients with DISH following total hip replacement. AB - Radiographs of 236 patients who underwent total hip replacement (THR) were evaluated for heterotopic bone formation. There was no significant difference in the presence and degree of ossification in patients with and without diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH). The authors conclude that DISH is not a significant risk factor in the development of heterotopic bone formation following THR. PMID- 3923553 TI - Cardiac function assessed by attenuation-corrected radionuclide pressure-volume indices. AB - Using attenuation-corrected radionuclide volumes and arm-cuff peak systolic pressures, we established the mean value for the ratio of left ventricular (LV) peak systolic pressure/end systolic volume at rest for 15 healthy persons. In 43 patients with coronary disease, this ratio was more sensitive as an indicator of abnormal LV function and for predicting coronary artery disease than the resting ejection fraction. The slope of an end systolic pressure-volume line was also calculated from data obtained under three loading conditions: at rest, during isometric handgrip testing, and after the sublingual administration of nitroglycerin. The sensitivity of the slope for predicting the presence of coronary artery disease was not significantly different from the resting peak systolic pressure/end systolic volume ratio but was helpful in identifying patients with coronary artery disease. These results represent an improvement over previous radionuclide pressure-volume measurements that have not used attenuation correction and show the need for accurate, nongeometric measurements of the LV end systolic volume. PMID- 3923554 TI - Malignant thymoma: role of radiation therapy in management. AB - Malignant thymoma is a rare tumor generally seen as an anterior mediastinal mass. Radiation therapy in ten patients with malignant thymoma diagnosed in 1968-1983 was reviewed retrospectively. Surgical therapy consisted of subtotal resection in four patients and biopsy only in six. Megavoltage irradiation in the dose range of 4,600-5,250 cGy was employed. In all symptomatic patients, palliation of presenting symptoms was achieved. In seven patients, a greater than 50% reduction in tumor mass followed radiation therapy. Local control was achieved in six patients. Three patients show no evidence of disease clinically, after a minimum follow-up study of 1 year. Radiation therapy is an important therapeutic modality in the control of malignant thymoma. PMID- 3923555 TI - The carpal boss: an overview of radiographic evaluation. AB - The carpal boss, an unmovable bony protuberance, is located on the dorsum of the wrist at the base of the second and third metacarpals adjacent to the capitate and trapezoid bones. This bony prominence may represent degenerative osteophyte formation and/or the presence of an os styloideum, an accessory ossification center that occurs during embryonic development. When this condition is symptomatic, patients present with complaints of pain and limitation of motion of the affected hand. The symptoms of carpal boss may result from an overlying ganglion or bursitis, an exterior tendon slipping over this bony prominence, or from osteoarthritic changes at this site. Radiographically, the view that best profiles the separate os styloideum is a lateral view utilizing 30 degrees of supination and ulnar deviation of the wrist. Once a diagnosis has been made, treatment can range from the use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory medication and limited use of the wrist to surgical excision of the anatomic abnormality. PMID- 3923556 TI - Degenerative diseases of the vertebral column. AB - Several distinct degenerative processes affect the articulations of the vertebral column; each is associated with characteristic radiographic and pathologic abnormalities, and many are accompanied by significant clinical manifestations. A discussion of these processes is best accomplished according to the type of joint that is involved. With regard to cartilaginous articulations, of which the intervertebral disk is most important, intervertebral (osteo)chondrosis, spondylosis deformans, and, in the cervical spine, uncovertebral arthrosis are the major degenerative disorders. Osteoarthritis (osteoarthrosis) affects any of the synovium-lined joints of the vertebral column, including the apophyseal, costovertebral, transitional lumbosacral, median atlantoaxial, and sacroiliac articulations. Fibrous articulations, ligaments, or entheses (sites of tendon or ligament attachment to bone) are involved in diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis, ossification of the posterior spinal ligaments, and Baastrup disease. Of the many complications of these degenerative processes, alignment abnormalities (including segmental instability, degenerative spondylolisthesis, senile kyphosis, and degenerative scoliosis), intervertebral disk displacement, calcification or ossification, and spinal stenosis are the most important. PMID- 3923557 TI - Intraarterial digital subtraction imaging cost considerations. AB - In an attempt to quantitate the cost-effectiveness of digital arterial imaging, we compared our real costs for angiographic procedures during a 6-month period with the costs for digital arteriographic imaging after the procedure was well established and accepted by both radiologists and clinicians. This study based on 400 angiograms per year, revealed that use of a digital angiographic unit resulted in an 82% reduction in film costs, a 25% reduction in staffing costs, a 19% reduction in the time required per examination, and a 30% reduction in the time required per run. Thirteen percent more runs were performed with the digital unit because it was more convenient and had a limited field of view. Overall operating cost savings were 43%. If amortized additional capital costs are included, there is a 12% reduction in overall costs. The digital imaging unit provides an immediate cost savings, with no appreciable loss of diagnostic quality. In addition, patient comfort, and perhaps safety, are improved. PMID- 3923559 TI - Combined lithium and valproate treatment and subsequent withdrawal: serotonergic mechanism of their interaction in discrete brain regions. AB - Rats were administered with lithium carbonate (1 mmole/kg), valproate (300 mg/kg) and their combination for 12 days. Rats in the withdrawal group were treated for 10 days, followed by saline for 2 days. Mid-brain tryptophan levels increased in all the groups except lithium-treated rats. The administration of lithium together with valproate decreased tryptophan hydroxylase activity and 5 hydroxytryptamine levels in certain brain regions compared to either treatment alone. Also, the magnitude of valproate-induced 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid elevation was decreased after combined treatment. Most of the changes observed after combined exposure persisted even after 2 days of treatment withdrawal. It appears from the data that combined administration of the two drugs produces persistent decrease in 5-hydroxytryptamine synthesis and turnover in the brain. PMID- 3923558 TI - Radiology department management system: technologists' costs. AB - We developed a series of management reports to compare actual costs against expected costs for radiology departments on a more detailed level than previously available. We first developed labor standards for the most commonly employed diagnostic examinations and showed that increased patient complexity (resulting from, for example, immobility, precautions status, etc.) also increased the examination times up to 2.6-fold compared with the time required for average patients. Using labor standards and budgeted and actual volumes of average and complex patients, we calculated four types of variances: volume variance, examination mix variance, patient complexity variance, and technologist efficiency variance. Monitoring the technologist efficiency variance over time could be one key piece of information for improving departmental productivity. PMID- 3923560 TI - [Structural analysis of starch. (1) Bacillus subtilis alpha-amylase]. PMID- 3923561 TI - Temporal changes in 12-HETE formation in two models of canine myocardial infarction. AB - Arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism by infarcted canine myocardium was studied and correlated with matched histologic analyses following permanently occluded or reperfused infarction. Histologic analysis of tissues from reperfused infarcts showed a marked acceleration of inflammatory cell invasion and of granulation tissue formation when compared to the occlusive infarct. In the reperfused infarct, polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) were very prominent at one day after infarction while in the occlusive infarcts the neutrophilic invasion was less intense but more sustained. At one day following reperfused infarction the major arachidonate product, which co-migrated by thin layer chromatography with the mono-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs), was significantly elevated (254 +/- 49 pmoles/gm wet weight, n = 3) when compared to normal tissue (48 +/- 6 pmoles/gm n = 19). This occurred at a time when the number of PMNs was maximal in the infarcted tissue. Addition of the calcium ionophore A23187 caused a further marked stimulation in HETE production in the one day reperfused infarct but not at the other time points studied. The production of HETE was not significantly different in the infarcted tissue than in the normal tissue at three and seven days following reperfused infarction or at one, three, or seven days after occlusive infarction. The identity of this HETE product was investigated using reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and found to be predominantly 12-hydroxy 5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE) with a small amount of 15-HETE. Thus the production of 12-HETE parallels the number of neutrophils invading the infarcted area of the heart. PMID- 3923562 TI - Metabolism of icosa-5,11,14-trienoic acid in human platelets and the inhibition of arachidonic acid metabolism in human platelets by icosa-5,8,14-triynoic and icosa-5,11,14-triynoic acids. AB - Two fatty acids differing from arachidonic acid in lacking one of the internal double bonds (20:35,8,14 and 20:35,11,14) and their 1-C14 and acetylenic analogues were synthesized. 20:35,8,14 was not metabolized by human platelets but 20:35,11,14 yielded a small amount (1.5% conversion) of two hydroxy fatty acids in a three (11-hydroxy-5,12,14-icosatrienoic acid) to one (15-hydroxy-5,11,13 icosatrienoic acid) proportion. Indomethacin inhibited formation of both hydroxy fatty acids indicating that they are produced via cyclooxygenase. Both ethylenic acids were weak inhibitors of cyclooxygenase (substrate 20 microM arachidonic acid) (ID50: 8.8 microM 20:35,8,14; 11.2 microM 20:35,11,14) but were inactive against lipoxygenase (ID50 greater than 100 microM). Similarly, both acetylenic analogues were poor inhibitors of lipoxygenase (ID50: 23.4 microM 20:35,8,14; 47.8 microM 20:35,11,14) but although 20:35,8,14 was inactive against cyclooxygenase (ID50 greater than 100 microM) the 20:35,11,14 was a potent inhibitor (ID50: 0.35 microM). The results are interpreted on the basis that hydrogen removal by the lipoxygenase is from C10 and by the cyclooxygenase from C13 but only in 20:35,11,14 are these hydrogens (C13) located at the center of a 1,4 cis cis pentadiene system (ethylenic) or a 1,4 pentadiyne system (acetylenic). PMID- 3923563 TI - Incorporation of 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic acid (ETYA) into cell lipids: competition with arachidonic acid for esterification. AB - 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic acid (ETYA), a widely used inhibitor of cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase, inhibited the incorporation of 14C-arachidonic acid into cell lipids of the murine thymoma EL4 whereas oleic acid had no effect. Inhibition appeared to result from the ability of ETYA to compete with arachidonic acid for esterification enzymes and to be itself incorporated into cell lipids. The positional specificity for ETYA incorporation was similar to that of arachidonic acid. ETYA, but not oleic acid competed with arachidonate for activation by a selective arachidonoyl CoA synthetase in lymphocytes. This may explain in part the apparent specificity of effects seen on incorporation into whole cells. In addition ETYA, unlike other arachidonate analogs tested previously, caused significant inhibition of the nonselective acyl CoA synthetase in lymphocytes. These results are discussed with respect to the use of ETYA to examine the role of intrinsic arachidonic acid metabolism in cellular processes. PMID- 3923564 TI - Cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways in the preimplantation rabbit uterus and blastocyst. AB - We have measured by radioimmunoassay the concentration and production of 5(S) hydroxy-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE), a metabolite in the lipoxygenase pathway, and PGs in different uterine compartments, and blastocysts during the preimplantation period in the rabbit. The production is defined as the synthesis minus the metabolism for a defined period of time. The pattern of uterine PGF production on days 5-6.5 was quite similar for the whole uterus and the myometrium showing a peak production on Day 6. The concentration and production of PGF were always higher in the endometrium. While significant production of PGE was noticed in the whole uterus on days 5-6 and in the myometrium on Day 6, the endometrium showed some production on these days. On the contrary, absolutely no production of this PG was observed in the endometrium on Day 6.5. The concentration and production of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha were always lower in the endometrium than those observed in the myometrium or the whole uterus. While highest production of this PG was found to be on Day 6.5 in the whole uterus and on Day 5 in the endometrium, the production in the myometrium remained constant on all days examined. The production of 5-HETE in the endometrium was noticeable on Days 5-6.5, in the whole uterus on Days 5 and 6.5, and in the myometrium only on Day 6.5. However, the concentrations of 5-HETE showed a tendency to be higher at 2 h than at 0 h in these compartments on Days 5-6.5. Furthermore, a linear increase in 5-HETE levels both at 0 h and 2 h was observed in the endometrium on Days 5-6.5; no such difference in mean 5-HETE level was noted in the whole uterus or myometrium on any of these days. The production of 5 HETE in the blastocyst was noted only on Day 5. The results not only demonstrate the presence of both the cyclooxygenase and the lipoxygenase pathways in the preimplantation rabbit uterus and blastocyst, their differential operation in various compartments of the uterus on various days of early pregnancy suggests an integrated role for these mediators in embryo-uterine interaction during implantation. PMID- 3923565 TI - Effects of prostaglandins on intraocular pressure recovery rate in rabbits. AB - The actions of a number of prostaglandins (PGs) were studied in unanesthetized rabbits using an intraocular pressure (IOP) recovery-rate method. In topical doses of 0.1 to 10 micrograms, these compounds accelerated the rate at which IOP returned to control levels after an infusion of hypertonic saline. In general, PGE1 appeared more potent than the other PGs at these doses. Arachidonic acid also increased the IOP recovery rate. The effect of arachidonic acid was completely blocked by the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin. Recovery rate responses to arachidonic acid were increased further after pretreatment with the lipoxygenase inhibitor phenidone. When administered alone, phenidone itself accelerated IOP recovery; this action was also blocked by indomethacin. The IOP recovery rate method appears to be a useful tool for studying ocular effects of PGs and other products or inhibitors of arachidonic acid metabolism. PMID- 3923566 TI - Effect of indomethacin on airway contraction and the release of LTC4-like material. AB - Ovalbumin (OA) and arachidonic acid (AA) were used to induce contractions of sensitized guinea-pig tracheal and lung preparations in the presence and absence of indomethacin. Leukotriene (LT)C4-like material released from these tissues was extracted from the bathing fluid and measured by radioimmunoassay. Challenge with either OA or AA induced release of LTC4-like material from both parenchyma and trachea, AA inducing a greater release than OA although OA induced greater contractions. This suggested that OA-induced the synthesis of other bronchoconstrictor compounds than LTC4. Although indomethacin enhanced OA- and AA induced contractions of trachea, there was no enhancement of the release of LTC4 like material, suggesting enhancement by indomethacin was a result of the inhibition of the synthesis of prostaglandin E2 and not diversion of AA into the lipoxygenase pathway. Indomethacin had no effect on OA-induced contractions of parenchyma, but attenuated those induced by AA. Indomethacin had no modulatory effect on the release of LTC4-like material in the parenchyma. The results demonstrate that indomethacin does not result in increased synthesis of LTs in the airways. PMID- 3923567 TI - Differentiation of the mechanisms by which leukotrienes C4 and D4 elicit contraction of the guinea pig trachea. AB - The contractions elicited by leukotriene (LT) C4 and D4 in isolated guinea pig trachea were characterized under conditions in which LTC4 to LTD4 metabolism was blocked by the presence of 45 mM l-serine-borate complex (SB). The presence of SB caused a shift of the LTC4-concentration-response curve to the left by 7.5-fold, and blocked the bioconversion of LTC4 to LTD4 by the trachea as estimated by HPLC analysis of the LTs present in the tissue bath fluid. The potency of FPL 55712 as an antagonist of the LTC4-induced contractions in the presence of SB was 15-30 fold less than its potency as an antagonist of the LTD4-induced contractions. In contrast, another LT antagonist, SK&F 101132, equally antagonized the contractions elicited by LTC4 and LTD4 in either the presence or absence of SB. The differential antagonism of LTC4 and LTD4 implies the existence of multiple pharmacologic receptors for the LTs. The calcium channel entry blockers, nifedipine and verapamil, at concentrations as high as 10 microM, suppressed the maximal LTC4-induced contraction by no more than 20%, whereas the purported intracellular calcium antagonist, TMB-8, completely suppressed the LTC4 concentration-response curve in the presence of SB, a profile identical to that previously reported for LTD4. Thus, if multiple LT receptors exist, they appear to mobilize calcium in a qualitatively similar fashion following LT stimulation. PMID- 3923568 TI - Prostaglandin synthesis by the cochlea of the guinea pig. Influence of aspirin, gentamicin, and acoustic stimulation. AB - This study describes the synthesis of prostaglandins (PGs) by the vascular structures of the inner ear (lateral wall = stria vascularis and spiral ligament) in vitro. The main PGs produced were PGI2, PGF2 alpha and PGE2. PGI2 and PGF2 alpha were also found in the perilymph. A 350 mg/kg ip injection of aspirin decreased PG synthesis by the lateral wall and PG levels in perilymph. This effect was reversed after 3 days. Gentamicin (10(-9) to 10(-5) M) decreased significantly and reversibly PG synthesis in vitro, as did 100 mg/kg ip injection. Acoustic stimulation increased ex vivo PGI2 and PGE2 synthesis without modifying PG levels in perilymph. Results suggest that PGs could be one humoral mediator of the cochlear microcirculation homeostasis, and, possibly, of the circulatory disturbances reported after acoustic stimulation. The decreased PG synthesis after gentamicin treatment could account for the angiotoxic component observed in aminoglycoside ototoxicity. PMID- 3923569 TI - Control of prostacyclin synthesis in pregnancy-induced hypertension. AB - Uterine prostacyclin synthase (PGI synthase) and prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase (PGH synthase) concentrations, measured by specific immunoradiometric assays, did not differ between patients with severe pregnancy-induced hypertension (syn. pre-eclampsia; n = 5) and normotensive gravidae (n = 6) with comparable gestational ages (34 - 38 weeks). Myometrial microsomes from pre eclamptic women contained ten times more PGI synthase than PGH synthase and the ratio of PGI synthase to PGH synthase (mean +/- SD; 10.1 +/- 3.9) was not different from that in normotensive pregnancies. None of the pre-eclamptic patients had myometrial enzyme levels that were more than one standard deviation below the mean established previously for pregnancies ranging from 32 to 42 weeks of gestation. These findings indicate that the commonly observed association between deficient PGI2 production and pregnancy-induced hypertension cannot be explained in terms of a generalized lack of immunoassayable prostacyclin or prostaglandin endoperoxide synthases. PMID- 3923571 TI - The Combined Professional Emergency Services Organization. PMID- 3923570 TI - Leukotriene F4 and the release of arachidonic acid metabolites from perfused guinea pig lungs in vitro. AB - Radioimmunoassay and bioassay techniques have been used to investigate the ability of leukotriene (LT)F4 to release products of arachidonic acid metabolism from guinea pig isolated lungs perfused via the pulmonary artery. Also, the abilities of LTC4, LTD4, LTE4 and LTF4 to contract guinea pig ileal smooth muscle (GPISM) was studied. Each of the LT's contracted GPISM. The rank order of potency was LTD4 greater than LTC4 greater than LTE4 much greater than LTF4 in a ratio of 1:7:170:280 respectively. Bioassay of pulmonary effluents indicated the passage of LTF4 through the lungs caused a contraction of rabbit aorta as well as an FPL 55712 sensitive contraction of GPISM. The contractions of rabbit aorta were inhibited by pretreatment of the lungs with Indomethacin but not with the thromboxane synthetase inhibitor Dazoxiben. Radioimmunoassay of the lung effluents indicated LTF4 to cause a 70-fold increase in thromboxane B2 (TXB2), 4 fold increase in prostaglandin (PG)E2 and a 16-fold increase in 6-keto PGF1 alpha levels. The LTF4-induced increments of these immunoreactive metabolites was inhibited by pretreatment of the lungs with Indomethacin. Pretreatment of lungs with Dazoxiben inhibited the LTF4-induced increment in TXB2 and enhanced the effluent levels of PGE2 24-fold (compared with untreated lungs). There were no detectable differences in either immunoreactive LTC4 or immunoreactive LTB4 levels. It is concluded LTF4 is a relatively weak agonist on GPISM and can induce the release of cyclooxygenase products of arachidonic acid metabolism from guinea pig perfused lung. PMID- 3923572 TI - QNU. looks at radiation exposure and use of lead aprons. PMID- 3923574 TI - Immunocytochemical location of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) in the B-cells of adult hypothyroid rat pancreas. AB - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) is present in small quantities in the rat adult pancreas. As hypothyroidism increases dramatically the pancreatic content of this peptide, this model was used to localize TRH in the gland by immunocytochemistry. Immunocytochemical staining of semithin (0.5-1.0 micron) and thin (golden) sections was performed as well as antibody and method controls to check the specificity of the immunoperoxidase staining. At the light microscope level, a very faint TRH-like immunoreactivity was apparent in the pancreas of normal untreated animals. In hypothyroid rats, a strong TRH immunostaining was observed in the central portion of the islets of Langerhans. On the contrary, in previously hypothyroid rats made euthyroid, no TRH-like immunoreactivity was found. Serial sections alternately labelled with TRH and insulin antisera revealed the simultaneous occurrence of both immunoreactivities. In addition, the TRH immunoreactive cells were distinct from glucagon- or somatostatin-containing cells. At the electron microscope level, immunoreactive TRH was found over the secretory granules of insulin-containing cells. Hypothyroid animals offer therefore a suitable model for the study of TRH in the pancreas. PMID- 3923573 TI - The sequential multiple modality treatment of ovarian cancer. PMID- 3923575 TI - [Defect of monocytic recognition mediated by complement in hyperosmolar nonketotic coma and diabetic ketoacidosis]. PMID- 3923576 TI - [Mycoplasma pneumoniae: prevalence of complement-fixing antibodies in a control group from an urban area]. PMID- 3923577 TI - [Evaluation of the hemodynamic effects of nitroglycerin in mitral stenosis and insufficiency. A guide to their management]. PMID- 3923578 TI - EHNA is a poor inhibitor of deoxyadenosine catabolism in cultured human lymphocytes. AB - Erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)-adenine (EHNA) has been used by many workers as enzyme inhibitor in vitro to simulate the in vivo situation in inherited adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency. In this study the metabolism of 8-14C deoxyadenosine (dAR) has been followed in cultured lymphocytes from patients deficient in enzymes associated with the catabolism and salvage of dAR, in the absence and presence of 10 microM EHNA. The results show that EHNA, at these concentrations, does not prevent the catabolism of dAR and thus does not provide a valid model for investigating the toxicity to the immune system in inherited ADA deficiency. PMID- 3923580 TI - Changes in testicular fluid production and plasma hormones in the adult rat after testicular 60Co irradiation. AB - Adult Wistar rats exposed to testicular radiocobalt irradiation (0.8 Gy) were alloted to four groups: sham control, protected control, unilaterally irradiated and bilaterally irradiated. The rats of each group were killed 30, 45, 60, 75 and 105 days after gamma-ray exposure and/or general anaesthesia. Tubular fluid (TF) production, estimated by ligature of the efferent ducts of both unilaterally and bilaterally irradiated testes, 24h prior to sacrifice, was transiently increased 30 and 45 days after irradiation (P less than 0.001); there was no increment in the interstitial fluid (or lymph) collected compared to sham and protected control testes. At 30 and 45 days, irradiated testis weight decreased significantly. From 60 to 105 days after gamma-ray exposure, TF gradually returned to control levels, while the testicular weight increased. The plasma FSH, LH, PRL and testosterone of the irradiated rats did not change significantly compared to the controls. Consequently, it is presumed that TF secretion was regulated locally by a germ cell-Sertoli cell interrelationship. PMID- 3923579 TI - [Effect of various adenine derivatives on gastric acid secretion in the isolated rat stomach]. AB - The adenine derivatives adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP), adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP) and adenosine (AD), in concentrations of 10(-3)M and 10(-4)M caused significant and dose-related modifications in the basal acid secretion from isolated whole rat stomach. The first three purine derivatives, ATP, ADP and AMP significantly increased the spontaneous acid secretion. On the other hand, AD caused a significant reduction in the basal acid secretion. When ATP, ADP, AMP and AD were assayed in the presence of the adrenergic and cholinergic blocking agents, ergotamine, 10(-6)M, propranolol, 5 X 10(-7)M and atropine, 10(-6)M, all these purine derivatives, including AD, caused a significant increase in the basal acid secretion. PMID- 3923581 TI - Heterozygote detection in a family of Lapland dogs with a recessively inherited metabolic disease: canine glycogen storage disease type II. AB - The control of recessively inherited inborn errors of metabolism may benefit from quantitative biochemical screening assays enabling the identification of heterozygous individuals. Based on the principle of partial enzyme deficiency in heterozygotes, an attempt was made to identify heterozygous animals in a Lapland dog family with canine glycogen storage disease type II (acid alpha-glucosidase deficiency). Acid alpha-glucosidase activity was determined in peripheral blood leucocyte extracts of 12 related Lapland dogs, two of which were obligate heterozygotes. The use of an antiserum against acid alpha-glucosidase was necessary to increase the specificity of the assay. Twice the obligate heterozygous enzyme level was assumed to indicate the homozygous normal level. Five dogs were designated as presumptive heterozygotes, and five as presumptive normal homozygotes. The results in two dogs were inconclusive. The information obtained in this preliminary investigation may be helpful in the control of the disease in the Lapland dog breed. PMID- 3923582 TI - Kinetics of pulmonary CO2 transfer studied by using labeled carbon dioxide C16O18O. AB - The kinetics of alveolar-capillary CO2 transfer was investigated, using 18O labeled carbon dioxide (C16O18O), in 21 experiments on 2 resting human subjects. Single-breath experiments were performed. After the subjects expired to residual volume, they inspired a gas mixture containing 20% O2 and 2.8% CO2 - a quarter of CO2 was labeled with 18O. The breath-hold time ranged between 0.5 and 20 sec. After expiration the gas mixture was analysed by mass spectrometry. The C16O18O concentration of the end-expiratory gas decreased with the increasing breath-hold time. The relationship of both showed a biexponential characteristic with the two time constants 0.4 and 16 sec. The lower time constant characterizes the CO2 transfer from the alveolar space to the capillary blood, as well as the isotopic equilibration of the 18O within the blood. The higher time constant could result from small admixtures of the label from the dead spaces or the lung tissues. The diffusing capacity of C16O18O was calculated by using the first part of the indicator clearance curve. The derived mean value of 862 ml X mm Hg-1 X min-1 is considered to be a lower limit of the 'membrane diffusing capacity' for CO2 (DMCO2). PMID- 3923583 TI - [Anthropometric and biological evaluation of 44 patients with protein-calorie malnutrition]. AB - In industrial countries protein-calorie malnutrition (PCM) is a frequent cause of hospital morbidity and mortality. In this study, 88 hospital patients were evaluated: 44 (25 men and 19 women) aged from 20 to 80 years) with PCM, and 44 without malnutrition; the two groups were matched with regard to sex, age and height. The following parameters were determined: arm muscle surface, whole-body muscle mass, proportion of body fat, serum albumin (Alb), prealbumin (PA), retinol-binding protein (RBP), transferrin, thyroxine-binding protein, thyroxine, triiodothyronine, reverse triiodothyronine and total complement. Anthropometric measurements were validated by planimetry of a computerized tomographic section of the arm in 60 patients. There were significant differences between the two sexes in anthropometric values. Alb, PA and RBP values were different in men and RBP only in women; all other biochemical parameters were the same in both sexes. Thus, the group with PCM could be distinguished from the control group by anthropometric values and RBP values. Anthropometric parameters have been reported as being more specific of PCM than biochemical parameters, but since the latter are considered more sensitive, both complement each other and must be taken into account. PMID- 3923584 TI - [Neuropathy and ocular involvement following prolonged use of tilbroquinol and tiliquinol]. PMID- 3923585 TI - [Behcet's disease: a vascular function study by the venostasis test and DDAVP infusion]. AB - Recurrent thromboembolic accidents are frequent complications of Behcet's disease. Ten patients were investigated, 5 of them during an acute exacerbation of the disease. Abnormal responses to the venostasis test and to DDAVP (i.v.) were demonstrated in acute cases. Factor VIII activities after DDAVP were increased in all 10 patients, which suggests that the response of the vascular endothelium to the stimulus was normal and that a fibrinolytic system inhibitor may be present in the plasma of some patients. PMID- 3923586 TI - Recognition of an Igh-linked histocompatibility antigen, H-40, on B-cell tumors by cytotoxic T lymphocytes. AB - This article reviews our data on H-40, a histocompatibility antigen controlled by a locus linked to Igh structural genes but telomeric to Tsu. The antigen is detected by rejection of H-40+ tumor cells in vivo and by the activity of H-2 restricted anti-H-40 cytotoxic T lymphocytes in vitro. H-40 is expressed on lipopolysaccharide stimulated B cells and B cell tumors that express surface(s) IgM and not on sIgM- tumors or other neoplastic cells. Its expression on the sIgM,D+ BALB/c (Igha, H-40a) derived leukemia, BCL1, prevents its transplantability across the Ig heavy chain (and H-40) barrier into C.B-20 (Ighb, H-40b) mice; whereas, BALB/c tumors that do not express H-40 can be transplanted into this allotype-congenic recipient. Although irradiated C.B-20 animals are susceptible to the BCL1 tumor, adoptive transfer of a mixture of Lyt-2+ and Lyt-2 effector cells (anti-H-40) from C.B-20 animals that have previously rejected BCL1 protect such recipients. However, the same effector cells will not protect irradiated BALB/c or (BALB/c X C.B-20)F1 recipients from this tumor. Since normal BALB/c sIg+ cells express H-40, either the effector cells are diverted from interacting with and destroying the tumor, or recognition of H-40 on non-tumor cells elicits a suppressor mechanism. PMID- 3923587 TI - The prothymocyte: cellular and molecular biology. PMID- 3923588 TI - [Therapeutic aspects of cyclosporin in hematology]. PMID- 3923590 TI - [Habitual abortion]. PMID- 3923589 TI - The impact of exercise upon medical costs. PMID- 3923591 TI - [Effect of the serum of a patient affected by myeloma with diffuse muscular hypertrophy on the growth of human muscle cells in vitro]. AB - Diffuse skeletal muscle enlargement appeared in a 62 years old male without any detectable endocrine disturbance. The patient's weakness contrasted with his athletic appearance. There was no myotonia nor fasciculations. The laboratory investigations were unrevealing until 18 months after the apparent beginning of the disease: free kappa light chains in serum and urine and plasmocytosis in the bone marrow established the diagnosis of multiple myeloma. No amyloid infiltration was observed on the biopsied tissues: skin, muscle and tongue. The diameters of the muscle fibers were at the upper limit of the normal range. There was no fiber type grouping. Kappa light chain deposits surrounding the muscle fibers and numerous coated vesicles beneath the sarcolemmal membrane were found by electron microscopy. The patient's serum was tested on human muscle cell cultures and displayed trophic properties for these cells. This effect was not due to an acceleration of the myoblast proliferation, but to an enhancement of their differentiation. The fusion was more rapid than in presence of control serum and lead to larger and highly branched myotubes. Protein synthesis was increased as demonstrated by the significantly higher 3H-leucine incorporation into the trichloroacetic-acid precipitable material. An identical trophic effect was also found with the kappa light chains purified from the patient's serum but only in the presence of normal human serum. PMID- 3923592 TI - [Brain stem infarction, systemic lupus erythematosus and circulating lupus anticoagulant]. AB - A 30 year old man admitted with a brain stem infarct presented with intellectual deterioration. A diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (S.L.E.) was based on the presence of five A.R.A. criteria :photosensitivity, arthralgia, leukopenia and thrombopenia, false positive syphilitic serology, antinuclear factors on immunofluorescence. A lupus type circulating anticoagulant (L.C.A.) was no longer detected after corticotherapy. This appears to be a case of the "hematologic" form of S.L.E. in which the presence of L.C.A. predisposes towards thrombosis, not only of veins--which is typical--but also of arteries. These may be isolated and reveal the underlying disease as in the present case. The L.C.A. is an antibody possessing antiphospholipid specificity which explains the anticoagulant action in vitro and the thrombogenic effect in vivo. Some authors consider this to be sufficient justification for administration of anticoagulants and/or antiplatelet agents, but corticotherapy may be effective. PMID- 3923593 TI - Successful treatment of multiple brain abscesses with antibiotics alone. AB - Seven adults with multiple brain abscesses were successfully treated with antibiotic therapy alone at The George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, D.C., during 1976-1981. Fever, meningismus, and focal neurologic signs were common presenting features. No patient presented with coma or obtundation. Etiologic agents were identified in only three cases. Computerized tomographic (CT) scans were valuable in diagnosing and monitoring the response to therapy. Decrease in the size of the lesions was noted two to nine weeks after initiation of antibiotic therapy. In all patients, clinical signs of improvement preceded evidence of resolution of lesions on CT scan. These results indicate that, in carefully selected patients in whom surgical drainage is not feasible because of the anatomic location and/or multiplicity of lesions, a prolonged course of high-dose intravenous antibiotics alone can lead to a successful outcome. PMID- 3923594 TI - Cost-effectiveness of different strategies for prevention of congenital rubella infection: a practical example from Iceland. AB - Cost-benefit analyses show that prevention of congenital rubella infection is cost-effective. Before selection of a strategy, local epidemiologic and social factors need examination. Analyzing these factors may lead to considerable cost reduction, especially if results from preexisting screening programs are available. The cost-effectiveness of different strategies are compared in Iceland. Systematic screening of women and teenage girls, with vaccination of seronegative persons, was more cost-effective than vaccination of all children. Previously unscreened females aged 12-40 years were screened and seronegative females were vaccinated for one-third the cost of vaccinating all children aged two to 12 years. Continuation of this program by vaccinating 12-year-old girls was two to three times more cost-effective than vaccination of all two-year-old children. Use of rubella vaccine in combined vaccines proved the most expensive strategy, with or without revaccination of teenagers. PMID- 3923595 TI - Benefit-cost aspects of rubella immunization. AB - There are substantial net economic benefits from rubella immunization. This is true for immunization of infants of both sexes and of teenage girls. The ability to use combined measles-rubella vaccine and the occurrence of herd immunity favors vaccination of infants. However, even more important than the choice of strategy of immunization is the development of programs for full implementation of the chosen strategy. PMID- 3923596 TI - Ultrastructural observations of the intra-erythrocytic merozoite in Theileria sergenti. AB - The intra-erythrocytic merozoite of Theileria sergenti was 2.2 to 2.4 micron long; several mitochondria and a large nucleus lay at the anterior and posterior part of the cell, respectively, and free ribosomes were evenly scattered in the cytoplasm. A micropore located at the antero-ventral side of the protozoon was framed by the local thickening of the plasma membrane with high electron-density, nearby a large food vacuole containing erythrocytic matrix-like substances. The highly developed rough endoplasmic reticulum was abundant around the vacuole. On the other hand, the erythrocytes including many strongly basophilic stipplings seem to be the erythrocytes with a large quantity of highly electron dense granules. Uneven-surfaced reticulocytes with a certain amount of fine granules through-out the cytoplasm possessed some pinosomes, a considerable number of degenerating mitochondria and smooth endoplasmic reticulum. PMID- 3923597 TI - The ABCs of DRGs. PMID- 3923598 TI - [Technics for vascular approach in prolonged parenteral nutrition]. PMID- 3923599 TI - [Technics and indications of prolonged parenteral nutrition for adults in the hospital]. PMID- 3923600 TI - [Technics and indications of prolonged parenteral nutrition for adults at home]. PMID- 3923601 TI - [Technics and indications of total parenteral nutrition in children]. PMID- 3923602 TI - [Daily life of the patient on prolonged parenteral nutrition]. PMID- 3923603 TI - [Treatment of Paget's disease with low dose sodium etidronate (5mg/kg/day). Occurrence of reversible transient suspected leukopenia]. AB - 27 patients with Paget's disease, from 51 to 80 years of age, were treated with etidronate disodium at a dose of 5 mg/kg/day. 70 percent of patients had multiple bone involvement. Six patients had previously been treated with diphosphonates, and nine had previously received synthetic pork or salmon calcitonin. The following parameters were studied: the serum alkaline phosphatase, urinary hydroxyproline, a self-assessment scale to evaluate pain and a scale to assess improvement in functional capacity. From the first month of treatment, significant improvement in pain indices was noted and over the following two months there was an associated significant regression in parameters of bone resorption and formation. The clinical and laboratory improvement brought about with diphosphonates persisted three months after cessation of therapy in 88 percent of cases. Gastrointestinal tolerance of the drug was excellent, but three cases of transitory leukopenia occurred which resolved spontaneously, requiring in two cases cessation of therapy. Even though it is impossible to correlate with certainty this previously undescribed finding to therapy with etidronate disodium, we believe that at a dose of 5 mg/kg/day, the drug provides rapid, effective, long term treatment in Paget's disease, but that regular hematologic surveillance should be performed. PMID- 3923604 TI - [Auranofin. Mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics and clinical use. Comparison with injectable gold salts]. PMID- 3923605 TI - Apolipoproteins A-I, A-II and E in cholestatic liver disease. AB - Apolipoproteins A-I, A-II and E were determined in the plasma of nine patients (five females, four males) with cholestatic liver disease (eight patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and one patient with sclerosing cholangitis). Plasma concentrations were measured by electroimmunoassay in the fasting state, postprandially after ingestion of either 100 g fat as whipping cream or a light mixed meal with or without addition of wheat fibre. Concentrations of apolipoproteins A-I and A-II were low in patients with cholestatic liver disease and A-I levels correlated inversely with the severity of liver disease as measured by bilirubin levels (r = -0.66). No changes in plasma apolipoprotein A I, A-II or E concentrations occurred postprandially. There was an inverse correlation between plasma concentrations of apolipoproteins A-I and E (p less than 0.05, r = -0.68). A close relation existed between the ratio of apolipoprotein E to apolipoprotein A-I and plasma bile salt concentration (r = 0.80, p less than 0.01) and serum bilirubin (r = 0.76, p less than 0.01). This implies that in cholestatic liver disease apolipoprotein E and A-I levels reflect the degree of cholestasis. PMID- 3923606 TI - Sampling and storage of blood for determination of ionized calcium. AB - We report some new procedures for the determination of ionized calcium using a semi-automatic ICA 1 analyser provided with a new flow-through tonometer unit, TNC 1, in connection with an automatic turntable. Ionized calcium calculated to a standard pH of 7.4 (cCa2+(7.4)) was not significantly different for capillary blood, venous blood and serum in healthy adults; however, a significant difference was found for actual ionized calcium (cCa2+). The effect of erythrocytes on the liquid junction potential was eliminated by use of a new salt bridge solution (sodium formate). Serum samples should be taken as anaerobically as possible to avoid precipitation of calcium complexes when pH increases above 7.9. For measurement of cCa2+-pH we developed special capillary tubes. Serum could be stored at 4 degrees C for 7 days and at -20 degrees C for 45 days without significant change in cCa2+(7.4). Capillary blood could be stored at 4 degrees C for 4 h without significant change in cCa2+ and pH or at 4 degrees C or 20 degrees C for 24 h without significant change in cCa2+(7.4). Vein puncture with stasis or muscular exercise caused only a small increase in cCa2+(7.4) (1.5%). The ingestion of food did not affect cCa2+ in healthy adults. 97.5% CO2 equilibrium was obtained in 3 min with the new flow-through tonometer. PMID- 3923608 TI - Immunonephelometric measurement of human plasma apolipoproteins A-I and A-II: an assay performed by consecutive addition of the two antisera to a single specimen. AB - A consecutive immunonephelometric assay for human apolipoproteins (apo) A-I and A II is described and validated. Apo A-II is first measured from guanidine-HCl treated samples using a monospecific antiserum raised in sheep against purified apo A-II. This is followed by addition of anti apo A-I serum to the same tubes and recording of the light scattering after 90 min. The results of 125 serum samples were compared with those obtained by the radial immunodiffusion method, and thereby, correlation coefficients of 0.98 and 0.91 could be calculated for apo A-I and apo A-II concentrations, respectively. The within-assay variations of apo A-I and apo A-II methods were 3.28% and 2.40%, respectively, the corresponding inter-assay variations were 7.76% and 8.90%. PMID- 3923607 TI - The blood serum concentration of cystatin C (gamma-trace) as a measure of the glomerular filtration rate. AB - The blood serum concentrations of creatinine and the low molecular weight proteins cystatin C, beta 2-microglobulin and retinol-binding protein were measured in 106 patients whose glomerular filtration rates were assessed by Cr ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA)-clearance determinations. The reciprocals of the serum concentrations of creatinine, cystatin C and beta 2-microglobulin were closely correlated to the Cr-EDTA-clearance (r = 0.73, 0.75 and 0.70, respectively) in contrast to the corresponding values for retinol-binding protein (r = 0.39). The calculated values of the glomerular elimination rate for creatinine and cystatin C were normally distributed in contrast to those for beta 2-microglobulin. The calculated glomerular elimination rate of cystatin C was not correlated to age, sex, type of disorder or disease activity. The results demonstrate that the serum level of cystatin C is a better measure of the glomerular filtration rate than the serum level of beta 2-microglobulin. PMID- 3923609 TI - Alterations of the intracellular water and ion concentrations in brain and liver cells during aging as revealed by energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis of bulk specimens. AB - Age dependence of the intracellular concentrations of monovalent ions (Na+, K+ and Cl-) was examined in 1, 11 and 25-month-old rat brain and liver cells by using energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis. The in vivo concentrations of Na+, K+ and Cl- ions were calculated from two different measurements: The elemental concentrations were measured in freeze-dried tissue pieces, and the intracellular water content was determined by means of a recently developed X-ray microanalytic method, using frozen-hydrated and fractured bulk specimens as well as subsequent freeze-drying. All the single monovalent ion concentrations and consequently, also the total monovalent ion content showed statistically significant increases during aging in brain cortical neurons. A 3-6% loss of the intracellular water content was accompanied by a 25-45% increase of the monovalent ionic strengths by the age of 25 months. A membrane protective OH radical scavenger (centrophenoxine) reversed the dehydration in the nerve cells of old animals, resulting in a decrease of the intracellular ion concentrations. Aging has a less prominent effect on the water and ion contents of the hepatocytes. The degree of water loss of cytoplasm exceeds that of the nuclei in the liver, suggesting that dominantly the translational steps can be involved in the general age altered slowing down of the protein synthetic machinery, predicted by the membrane hypothesis of aging (Zs.-Nagy, 1978). PMID- 3923610 TI - Impaired gamma interferon production by cells from patients with lymphoproliferative disorders of mature T and NK cells. AB - We investigated interferon (IFN) production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from four patients with chronic OKT4 T-lymphocytic leukaemia and three patients with abnormal expansions of granular lymphocytes. No spontaneous production of IFN-gamma was found in supernatants of cultures from both patients and normal controls. However, whereas the enzyme galactose oxidase or staphylococcal enterotoxin B was able to induce IFN-gamma production by normal cells, no production could be obtained in the cells under study. The possibility that this lack of production might have been attributed to an excess of N-acetylneuraminic acid masking galactose residues or to a defect of monocyte accessory cells was ruled out either by pre-treating the cells with neuraminidase or by adding normal adherent cells to the cultures, both of which resulted in a lack of production. On the contrary, the calcium ionophore A23187 (considered to act as a second specific step, following oxidation of galactose residues, toward genetic derepression of IFN-gamma) induced considerable IFN-gamma production in all the three tested patients. It can be concluded that, although in rare cases, as previously reported by other authors, cells from patients with T or NK lymphoproliferative disorders may spontaneously produce IFN-gamma, this is not a general mechanism that underlies the disease. In fact, in all our cases a defect of IFN-gamma production was found. This defect seems due to an alteration at the membrane level of the galactose-containing glycoproteins and can be restored by induction with a calcium ionophore. PMID- 3923611 TI - Induction by monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies of an anti-poly(Glu60 Ala30 Tyr10) (GAT) immune response in GAT-responder and GAT-nonresponder mice. AB - Two different monoclonal anti-idiotypic (Id) antibodies, HP-Id20 and HP-Id22, recognizing two discrete idiotopes characteristic of the anti-poly(Glu60 Ala30 Tyr10) (GAT) response were used to immunize BALB/c (GAT-responder) and DBA/1 (GAT nonresponder) mice. The monoclonals were injected either copolymerized with keyhole limpet haemocyanin or polymerized with glutaraldehyde. The specific response was studied by two assays: (a) inhibition of binding of monoclonal anti GAT antibody G5Bb2-2 to HP-Id20 and HP-Id22 and (b) GAT binding assays. In BALB/c GAT-responder mice, HP-Id20 and HP-Id22 immunization led to the preferential stimulation of immunoglobulin idiotypically related to anti-GAT antibodies (Ab1') and expressing anti-GAT activity. The results obtained with BALB/c nu/nu mice indicated that this response is T-cell-dependent. By means of the same experimental protocol GAT-nonresponder animals could be induced to produce anti GAT antibodies after HP-Id immunization. This last result indicates that anti-Id immunization can bypass Ir gene control and does not preferentially stimulate the induction of GAT-specific T suppressor cells. PMID- 3923612 TI - Class II transplantation antigens: distribution in tissues and involvement in disease. PMID- 3923614 TI - On the nature, origin and clinical significance of anti-DNA autoantibodies. PMID- 3923613 TI - Dendritic cells and monocytes as accessory cells in T-cell responses in man. I. Phenotypic analysis of dendritic cells and monocytes. AB - A method is described for simple and rapid preparation of human dendritic cells (DC) and monocytes (Mo) from peripheral blood. The phenotype of enriched DC and Mo was determined and compared by means of a panel of monoclonal antibodies (Mab's). The distribution and quantitative expression of HLA class II molecules encoded by the subloci DP, DQ, and DR were the same on the two cell types. During in vitro culture a rapid decrease of class II antigens on Mo was observed, whereas the expression of class II antigens on DC was relatively stable. The absence of monocyte markers on DC may indicate that this cell type does not belong to the monocyte/macrophage cell lineage. The phenotypic analysis shows that peripheral blood DC also lack differentiation antigens expressed by epidermal Langerhans cells (OKT6) and lymph node follicular dendritic reticulum cells (DRC-1). The relationship between peripheral blood DC and tissue-localized DC thus remains unsolved. With relatively high numbers of DC now available, production of DC lineage-specific Mab's may be approached. PMID- 3923615 TI - Bechterew's syndrome (ankylosing spondylitis). A syndrome with distinct subgroups. AB - The results of tests for associations among radiographic findings of the dorsolumbar spine, peripheral joints, tendon insertions and the pubic symphysis are presented. Ankylosis of sacro-iliac joints, ankylosis of apophyseal joints, bridging syndesmophytes, ossified interspinous ligament, block vertebrae, arthritis of the pubic symphysis and new bone formation of the ischium were strongly mutually associated. They probably belong to the same subgroup of disease. Such findings were negatively associated with distal peripheral joint arthritis. Mixed osteophytes, parasyndesmophytes or shining corners (anterior spondylitis) showed associations suggesting that the etiology may be mixed. A late stage of sacro-iliitis, regressive changes, characterized by narrow joint spaces without extensive ankylosis and with minimal sclerosis (grade IV sacro iliitis) was associated with distal peripheral joints arthritis, but negatively associated with signs of ankylosing processes of the dorsolumbar spine. On the basis of the radiographic findings, distinct subgroups of AS could be identified. These results confirm our previous results of an association pattern between clinical findings. We would also recommend that the grading system of sacro iliitis put forward by Dale be adopted, since it turned out that this grading system often distinguished between distinct subgroups of this heterogeneous condition(s). PMID- 3923616 TI - IgG heavy chain (Gm) allotypes in rheumatoid arthritis and in healthy individuals seropositive for IgM-rheumatoid factor. AB - The frequencies of Gm allotypes a, x, f, b, g and n have been investigated in classical seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (RA), erosive definite seronegative RA, non-erosive definite RA and in healthy individuals with serum IgM-RF. No differences in the frequencies of these Gm allotypes were found between patients and healthy controls. It is concluded that any possible putative genes outside the HLA region involved in RA are most likely unrelated to the genes coding for the constant regions of IgG heavy (gamma) chains. PMID- 3923617 TI - Human high-density lipoprotein associated amyloid A protein. Structural characteristics, relation to apo A-I and A-II concentrations, and plasma clearance kinetics in the rat. AB - Five amyloid related low-molecular-weight apoproteins were isolated and characterized from the plasma high-density lipoprotein fraction of a patient with glomerulonephritis caused by basement membrane antibodies. Amino acid and carbohydrate analyses of apoSAA subfractions showed that they were non glycosylated polypeptides rich in aspartic acid, glycine, glutamic acid, glutamine, and arginine. The apo SAA subtype pattern was similar to that described in some other pathological conditions. Following injections of the isolated SAA-rich high density lipoprotein fraction into rat circulation, similar disappearance curves were obtained for apoSAA and apo A-I. PMID- 3923618 TI - Reversible nerve lesions after accidental polychlorinated biphenyl exposure. AB - Several capacitors containing polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) exploded in a cardboard plant. During the accident, and in the clearing work, several workers were in probable contact with PCB and/or its degradation products. Nausea, intense perspiration, and headache were acute symptoms, which cleared quickly. The 15 men with the greatest exposure were studied neurophysiologically twice, namely, two and six months after the explosion. Motor conduction velocities (MCV) of the right median, ulnar, and peroneal nerves; sensory conduction velocity (SCV) of the right sural nerve; and distal SCVs of the right median and ulnar nerves were measured with skin electrodes. Thirty male workers with a similar age distribution served as referents. Two months after the explosion all SCVs and distal SCVs were slower in the exposed men, and still six months after the explosion the distal SCV of the ulnar nerve and the SCV of the sural nerve were slightly slower among the exposed. However, clear improvement occurred in the distal SCVs during the follow-up. As in many toxic distal axonopathies, the distal SCVs were reversibly impaired after an accidental exposure to PCB fumes. PCB seem to exhibit neurotoxic properties in humans. PMID- 3923619 TI - [Etiology, therapy and prognosis of chronic hepatitis]. AB - The therapy and prognosis of chronic active hepatitis (CAH) depends upon the morphology (stage and activity of the liver process) and etiology. In our own long-term study (n = 167), HBV-markers were found in 72% of cases, and an additional 14% belonged to the non-B/non-autoimmune type. For neither form is an established therapy available. Interestingly, 50% of cases with autoimmune CAH had HBV markers. Steroid therapy seems to be beneficial only in cases with very active autoimmune CAH. The mortality in our series was around 50% for the HBV type (with B-persistence) and for autoimmune CAH. In the HBV-type (with B-loss) and in the non-B/non-autoimmune type the mortality was around 15%. PMID- 3923620 TI - [Quantification of the drug-metabolizing enzyme system in liver diseases: a comparison between antipyrine saliva clearance and the aminopyrine breath test]. AB - The metabolic activity of the hepatic cytochrome P450 system was studied in 53 ambulatory subjects. 18 of these were cirrhotics and 23 had non-cirrhotic liver disease, documented by biopsy, serologic, ultrasound or computerized tomography findings, and characterized by quantitative liver function tests, such as galactose elimination capacity and indocyanine green fractional clearance. For comparison, 12 normal control subjects were also included. All subjects were given 10 mg/kg body weight antipyrine and saliva concentrations determined with an HPLC-method at 24 and 48 hours after dosing. Antipyrine saliva clearance (ASC) was calculated according to a two-point method (Cl1), and compared with a one point method (Cl2) using the 24 h sample only. These subjects also underwent an aminopyrine breath test (ABT), breath samples being collected at regular intervals during 60 minutes following injection of a tracer dose of 1.5 muCi (14C dimethylamino)antipyrine. Cl1 and Cl2 correlated strongly (r = 0.93). On the basis of smaller variations (particularly in control subjects), better definition of disease severity and convenience and time saving, Cl2 is to be preferred. Comparison of Cl2 with ABT showed that both procedures apparently quantify overlapping enzymatic activities. However, the relationship between Cl2 and ABT values, albeit highly significant (r = 0.72), suggests that only about half of the variables are subject to the same determinant. In addition, a positive intercept of the regression line extrapolated to the Cl2 axis points to quantitatively important extrahepatic breakdown of antipyrine. The results suggest that, in view of the wide variation in normal values (presumably in part influenced by exogenous pollutants), ASC only provides an approximation of hepatic metabolic activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3923621 TI - [Biological functions of interleukins]. PMID- 3923622 TI - The immunologic function of skin. PMID- 3923624 TI - Diurnal rhythms of N-acetylserotonin and serotonin in cerebrospinal fluid of monkeys. PMID- 3923625 TI - [Animal experiment studies on the use of absorbable polydioxanone (PDS) screws in osteosynthesis]. PMID- 3923623 TI - Human GM-CSF: molecular cloning of the complementary DNA and purification of the natural and recombinant proteins. AB - Clones of complementary DNA encoding the human lymphokine known as granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) were isolated by means of a mammalian cell (monkey COS cell) expression screening system. One of these clones was used to produce recombinant GM-CSF in mammalian cells. The recombinant hematopoietin was similar to the natural product that was purified to apparent homogeneity from medium conditioned by a human T-cell line. The human T-cell GM CSF was found to be 60 percent homologous with the GM-CSF recently cloned from murine lung messenger RNA. PMID- 3923626 TI - A cost-benefit analysis of the Quebec Network of Genetic Medicine. AB - Certain serious diseases, including several major genetic disorders, cannot be treated effectively unless they are detected before symptoms appear. In such cases, only systematic population screening can ensure that the necessary preventive treatment can be administered to affected individuals. The question of whether to establish such screening programs, which may be relatively costly, is a pressing problem for many public administrations. This study of the costs and benefits of the Quebec Network of Genetic Medicine has as its main objective the development of an analytical framework which can be generally applied to such problems. In this article, we attempt to evaluate the profitability of the Network to society. For the evaluation of the less tangible costs and benefits, we adopted the minimum profitability principle, which essentially involves establishing a lower bound on the value of the profitability of the Network. The net benefits assessed by this study, although certainly underestimated, are still very significant. Since the Network is administered by a team of researchers, the study also throws some light on the links existing between research and development activities on the one hand and public services on the other, and hence on the general question of the socioeconomic profitability of biomedical research. PMID- 3923627 TI - Increased levels of HDL-cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I after intensified insulin therapy for diabetes. AB - Sixteen subjects with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus were studied to determine whether changes in plasma lipids and apolipoproteins follow intensified control using preprandial doses of regular insulin with an additional dose of NPH insulin before bedtime. The mean total dialy dose of insulin was increased from 1.03 +/- 0.09 to 1.17 +/- 0.44 units/kg throughout the six-month period. Levels of HDL-cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I increased without significant changes in hemoglobin A1 (HbA1), triglyceride, or cholesterol. These findings suggest that increases in HDL-cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I were a result of the intensified insulin delivery. PMID- 3923628 TI - Enteral hyperthermia. AB - We have presented a previously unreported complication of enteral hyperalimentation, namely drug-induced fever due to tube feeding formula. Clinicians caring for patients receiving enteral hyperalimentation should be alert to this complication so that needless tests and medications can be avoided. PMID- 3923629 TI - Assignment of gene coding human T-cell differentiation antigen, Tp120, to chromosome 11. AB - A pan T-cell antigen with a molecular weight of 120 kilodaltons (kd) is recognized by a monoclonal antibody, Tp120, produced in our laboratories. Two hybrid clones reactive with this Tp120 antibody were established from the fusion between concanavalin A-stimulated human peripheral blood lymphocytes and hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase-deficient mouse T cell leukemia, BW5147. These two clones were also positive with two other antibodies, 12.1 and T12, both of which detect 120kd pan T-cell antigen. Karyotype analysis showed that one clone retained human chromosomes 6, 7pq-, and 11, and the other maintained chromosomes 11 and 21. As soon as both of these clones lost the chromosome 11, the expression of Tp120 became negative. The presence of human chromosome 11 was confirmed by the isozyme analysis of lactate dehydrogenase-A. The results indicated that the presence of chromosome 11 was essential for expression of 120kd pan T-cell antigen. PMID- 3923630 TI - Assignment of gene for human cell-surface membrane antigen Trop-4 to chromosome 11. AB - The gene (named MF16) for a surface membrane antigen, Trop-4, is assigned to human chromosome 11 on the basis of studies using a mouse monoclonal antibody, immunofluorescence, fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), immunoprecipitation, and mouse-human lymphocyte hybrids. The Trop-4 antigen is present on all human cell lines tested, on peripheral blood monocytes and granulocytes, and on a small fraction of peripheral blood lymphocytes, but is absent from erythrocytes. The Trop-4 monoclonal antibody precipitates an 85,000 dalton glycopolypeptide from hybrid cells containing human chromosome 11. However, in a human cell line expressing this antigen, a larger-molecular-weight species, 100-105,000 daltons was coprecipitated with the 85,000-dalton glycopeptide, and under nonreducing conditions a larger compound of 110-125,000 daltons was obtained. Although the Trop-4 antigen is of similar molecular weight to the Mab-4 and F10.44.2 antigens previously assigned to chromosome 11, it is shown to be different from them. PMID- 3923631 TI - Human beta:alpha but not gamma interferon binding site is a product of the chromosome 21 interferon action gene. AB - The binding of human interferons to their binding site(s) was measured by the amount of radioiodinated human beta interferon (HuIFNbeta) displaceable by unlabeled human beta, alpha, and gamma interferon (HuIFNbeta, alpha, and gamma). By this approach, HuIFNbeta and HuIFNalpha were found to interact with specific binding sites in cell membranes derived from human cells and mouse-human cell hybrids containing chromosome 21 as their only human chromosome. Specific binding was not observed with cell membranes derived from parental mouse cells or from mouse-human cell hybrids in subsequent generations that have lost human chromosome 21. Although the chromosome 21-positive mouse-human cell hybrids are sensitive to the antiviral effects of HuIFNbeta and HuIFNalpha, they are found to be insensitive to the antiviral effect of HuIFNgamma and to lack specific HuIFNgamma binding sites. These results suggest that the HuIFNbeta and HuIFNalpha but not HuIFNgamma binding sites are coded for by genes located on chromosome 21. The lack of a chromosome 21 gene dosage effect on the inducibility of the antiviral state by HuIFNgamma is consistent with this hypothesis. PMID- 3923632 TI - Construction and characterization of chimeric beta-lactamase plasmids of Neisseria gonorrhoeae with altered ability to be mobilized during conjugation. AB - A series of chimeric plasmids derived from the transfer factor, beta-lactamase encoding R factor, and cryptic plasmid of Neisseria gonorrhoeae was constructed. Two of these plasmids, each lacking a 1.9-kilobase-pair (kb) HinfI fragment, could not be mobilized by the 40-kb gonococcal transfer factor to recipient strains of N. gonorrhoeae or Escherichia coli during conjugation. The proteins encoded by both the naturally occurring and chimeric plasmids were examined with an E. coli cell-free transcription-translation system and in E. coli maxicells. Six plasmid-specific proteins were identified when DNA from a naturally occurring 7.1-kb R factor was used as template. A small protein (16,000 daltons), which is apparently not encoded by the two plasmids lacking the 1.9-kb HinfI fragment, appears to be necessary for plasmid transfer during conjugation. PMID- 3923633 TI - Treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhea in women with single-dose cefonicid. AB - The efficacy of cefonicid (1.0 g given in a single intramuscular dose) was assessed in 50 women with uncomplicated infections due to beta-lactamase-negative strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Forty-three (96%) of 45 cervical infections but only 23 (82%) of 28 anorectal infections were eradicated; overall, 44 (90%) of 49 women were cured of anogenital gonorrhea. Cefonicid failed to eradicate six (55%) of 11 pharyngeal gonococcal infections and 17 (85%) of 20 endocervical infections with Chlamydia trachomatis. Cefonicid had good activity against N. gonorrhoeae in vitro; 41 (98%) of 42 isolates were inhibited by less than or equal to 1.0 micrograms/ml. However, because of its poor efficacy against anorectal and pharyngeal gonococcal infections, single-dose cefonicid is not suitable for the treatment of gonorrhea in women or homosexually active men. PMID- 3923635 TI - [Elementary asepsis precautions in a neonatal unit. Preparation of a perfusion and gastric feeding]. PMID- 3923634 TI - [Suppression of an anti-factor VIII inhibitor using the simultaneous administration of prednisone and factor VIII]. PMID- 3923636 TI - [Microval]. PMID- 3923637 TI - Neurofibromas of the head and neck. AB - Twenty patients with neurofibromas of the head and neck have been observed for periods ranging from ten to 25 years. Seventeen patients had classical von Recklinghausen's disease. Of these, ten showed recurrence or appearance of new lesions after surgical resection, whether it was done during childhood or adulthood. While there is no known means of curing or even arresting neurofibromatosis, it is desirable to remove, as completely as possible, tumors which are deforming or symptomatic. Subsequent operations are often necessary to keep pace with the growth of the tumors. However, surgical resection, incomplete and imperfect as it may be, is extremely useful in improving the appearance, comfort and quality of life of these unfortunate patients. PMID- 3923639 TI - Taurodeoxycholate modulates the effects of pepsin and trypsin in experimental esophagitis. AB - Pepsin and trypsin cause erosive, hemorrhagic lesions in our rabbit model of experimental esophagitis. Since the gastroduodenal contents of patients with reflux esophagitis may also contain bile salts, we used our model to determine the effect that a bile salt, taurodeoxycholate (TDC), would have on the esophageal mucosa when combined with either pepsin in an acid perfusate (pH 2) or trypsin in an alkaline perfusate (pH 7.5). Indexes of esophageal injury included gross appearance of the mucosa, microscopic examination, and mucosal barrier integrity as determined by permeability to hydrogen ion. We found that when 5 mM TDC was combined with pepsin (0.3 mg/ml), the gross and microscopic changes of esophagitis, as well as net hydrogen ion flux, were diminished when compared with those observed with pepsin exposure alone. When increasing concentrations of TDC (2 to 10 mM) were added to pepsin, the morphologic degree of injury as well as hydrogen ion flux decreased in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, when 5 mM TDC was combined with trypsin (1000 U/ml) in the alkaline perfusate, the gross and microscopic changes of esophagitis and the net of hydrogen ion flux were increased when compared with either bile salt or trypsin alone. These effects were also dose dependent. These data demonstrate that bile salts present in the gastroduodenal contents of patients with reflux esophagitis have the capacity to modulate the effects of pepsin and trypsin on the esophageal mucosa. PMID- 3923640 TI - Use of parenteral nutrition in the patient with cancer. PMID- 3923638 TI - The metabolic response of intrasplenic islet autografts. AB - Islet tissue was prepared by collagenase ductal perfusion in mongrel dogs and transplanted to the spleen as autografts following total pancreatectomy. The graft was introduced into the spleen by reflux through tributaries of the splenic vein. Total insulin output by the in situ islet cell mass and by the heterotopically transplanted islet cell mass was studied by measuring insulin in the portal vein prior to pancreatectomy and two weeks after grafting. Basal insulin as well as the insulin output in response to 0.5 gram per kilogram of intravenous glucose were measured. Normoglycemia was achieved immediately in all grafted dogs. The results of intravenous glucose tolerance testing suggested only a mild degree of carbohydrate intolerance in the grafted dogs. Insulin output in 60 minutes after glucose stimilation was similar for in situ and grafted islet cells. The results of glucose clamp studies did not reveal any significant change in the insulin sensitivity of grafted as opposed to normal dogs. Islets of Langerhans may be harvested by the ductal perfusion method to yield a completely adequate islet cell mass for grafting purposes in the canine model following total pancreatectomy. PMID- 3923641 TI - [Carbon dioxide tension gradients in patients with chronic nonspecific lung diseases]. AB - The results of studying carbon dioxide tension at different structural levels of gas exchange in 447 patients with chronic nonspecific pulmonary diseases and in 845 normal subjects indicate that in patients, CO2 tension in mixed venous blood increases less than in the arterial blood as a result of which the venoarterial gradient diminishes considerably. The venoarterial and arterioalveolar gradients of CO2 tension increase as the gravity of respiratory failure rises. PMID- 3923642 TI - [Histamine metabolism in patients with chronic gastritis]. AB - Examination of 104 patients has demonstrated that in marked exacerbation of chronic gastritis, surface involvement of the gastric mucosa largely localized to the fundal part, high acid-peptic activity and short-term duration of the disease, absolute hyperhistaminemia are noted. Subsiding gastritis exacerbation, the presence of glands atrophy, primary involvement of the mucous membrane in the antral part of the stomach, secretory insufficiency, as well as the disease of many years are accompanied of absolute hypohistaminemia manifesting in a low blood histamine content, the activity of histaminase and histaminopexia being unchanged or elevated. PMID- 3923644 TI - [Lysozyme content in bronchial washings]. PMID- 3923643 TI - [Problem of mixed infections in viral hepatitis]. AB - The author reviews virus associations on combination (1) of virus hepatitides A and B, (2) virus hepatitides A and "non-A, non-B", (3) virus hepatitides B and "non-A, non-B", (4) virus hepatitis B during superinfection with a delta-agent; (5) virus hepatitis B and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Describes clinical observations, summarizes the clinical data. Analyzes theoretical aspects (interference, cumulative and potentiating effects) as well as the clinical objectives including the problems of the diagnosis and prophylaxis of cross virus infections. PMID- 3923645 TI - [HLA antigens in lung diseases]. AB - Altogether 337 patients with tuberculosis, 63 patients with sarcoidosis, 41 with exogenous allergic alveolitis, and 36 with chronic bronchitis were examined. Four hundred and 30 healthy persons comprised the control group. It was established that HLA genes play an important part as factors which control the level of susceptibility to some pulmonary diseases (tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, exogenous allergic alveolitis). Hypersusceptibility to different pulmonary diseases is associated with different HLA genes, namely with HLA-B14 in tuberculosis, HLA-B7 in sarcoidosis, and with HLA-B8 in exogenous allergic alveolitis. The susceptibility to pulmonary diseases may be under polygenic control; in particular during tuberculosis, both HLA-B14 gene and HLA-B15 gene play a role in the resistance control. The development of a disseminated chronic process coupled with disintegration may be associated with the latter gene, which may be due to a lower resistance. It stands to reason that in addition to HLA genes, other genetic systems are likely to determine the character of susceptibility to tuberculosis. PMID- 3923646 TI - Prostacyclin synthesis and deacylation of phospholipids in human endothelial cells: comparison of thrombin, histamine and ionophore A23187. AB - Thrombin, histamine and ionophore A23187 stimulated human endothelial cells to release arachidonic acid and synthesize prostaglandins. To compare the activation of arachidonic acid release by these three stimuli in endothelial cells, we examined the intracellular lipid metabolism by prelabeling the cells with [14C]stearic acid and [3H]arachidonic acid. Thrombin stimulated the loss of 3H and 14C label from intracellular phospholipids. At the same time [3H]arachidonic acid and prostaglandins were released into the incubation medium. Thin layer chromatography analysis indicated that prostacyclin is the major metabolite formed followed by PGF2 alpha, PGE2, HHT and PGD2. In addition, several intracellular lipid metabolites were accumulated. These include: phosphatidic acid and 1,2-diacylglycerol detected by increase of both 14C and 3H radioactivity; lysophosphatidylinositol, lysophosphatidylethanolamine, and to a smaller extent lysophosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylserine detected by increase of 14C radioactivity. Like thrombin, both histamine and ionophore A23187 also stimulated release of arachidonic acid and synthesis of prostaglandins. Despite the different nature of the agonists, the type and the relative amount of prostaglandins synthesized in response to histamine and A23187 were similar to that stimulated by thrombin. The relative extents of hydrolysis of phospholipids and the accumulation of phosphatidic acid, 1,2-diacylglycerol and lysophospholipids are similar to that of 3H radioactivity and prostacyclin released into the medium and follow the order: ionophore A23187 greater than thrombin greater than histamine. These results suggest that in human endothelial cells, histamine, thrombin and ionophore A23187 directly or indirectly activated both phospholipase C and phospholipase A2 and these activations most likely involve mobilization of Ca2+. PMID- 3923647 TI - In vitro effects of acetaminophen and its analogues on human platelet aggregation and thromboxane B2 synthesis. AB - We examined the effect of acetaminophen and the structural analogues 2,6 dimethylacetaminophen, 3,5-dimethylacetaminophen, and N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine on human platelet aggregation, 14C-serotonin secretion, and thromboxane B2 synthesis. Preincubation with 1 mM acetaminophen for 2 min completely inhibited arachidonic acid- and collagen-stimulated platelet aggregation. Thromboxane B2 production and 14C-serotonin secretion by arachidonic acid-stimulated platelets also were completely inhibited. Preincubation of platelets with 1 mM 3,5 dimethylacetaminophen inhibited collagen and arachidonic acid-induced aggregation and arachidonic acid-stimulated thromboxane B2 synthesis, while treatment with 2,6-dimethylacetaminophen did not inhibit aggregation and blocked thromboxane B2 formation to a much lesser degree. Preincubation with 1 mM N-acetyl-p benzoquinone imine inhibited arachidonic acid-induced aggregation and 14C serotonin secretion but had no effect on arachidonic acid-induced thromboxane B2 formation and collagen-induced platelet aggregation. PMID- 3923648 TI - The effect of pepsin solubilization on platelet aggregation by types I and III collagens. AB - The effect of pepsin solubilization on the platelet aggregating activity of type I collagen and type III collagen was examined. Pepsin-digested type I collagen was unable to initiate platelet aggregation in either soluble form or as pre formed fibrils. In contrast, pepsin-digested type III collagen was active in soluble form or as preformed fibrils. Mixtures of type I and type III collagen were assayed for platelet aggregating activity. In soluble form, these mixtures demonstrated elevated activity with increasing type III concentration. When the mixtures were tested as pre-formed fibrils, the rate of aggregation was relatively constant with the combination 75% type III and 25% type I manifesting the highest activity. The lag time for onset of aggregation was also minimized for this same type III/type I ratio. The combinations of the two collagen types formed fibrils which reflected the amounts of types I and III collagens in solution. PMID- 3923649 TI - Possible participation of adenosine 5'-diphosphate, arachidonic acid and paf acether in the platelet pro-aggregating effect of uncontrolled insulin-dependent diabetic erythrocytes in vitro. AB - The red blood cells (RBC) from uncontrolled insulin-dependent diabetics (U.IDD) induce aggregation of platelets from control subjects. This effect was not observed when using platelets made unsensitive to adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP), arachidonic acid (AA) or paf-acether. Since RBC from U.IDD are less deformable than those from control subjects, we treated normal RBC in vitro with glutaraldehyde. These rigid RBC were used to study aggregation of normal platelets and of those unsensitive to ADP, AA or paf-acether. Results obtained with glutaraldehyde-treated RBC were comparable to those obtained with RBC from U.IDD, i.e. aggregation was obtained with untreated platelets but not with platelets unsensitive to ADP, AA or paf-acether. It is hypothesized that aggregation of control platelets induced by RBC from U.IDD is purely mechanical at its origin but is ultimately mediated by ADP, AA or paf-acether. PMID- 3923650 TI - Thrombogenetic studies of bioprosthetic heart valve surfaces. I. In vitro platelet adhesion in a static system. AB - Contact angle measurements, histological examinations and platelet adhesion tests on native and glutaraldehyde-treated porcine aortic valve leaflets, are reported. Contact angles measured with water or saline on native and treated leaflets do not differ appreciably. Values of less than 10 degrees for both the dry and wet leaflets were observed. Histological examination of the native and fixed tissue surfaces was carried out with both optical and scanning electron microscopy. Native leaflet surfaces appeared to be smoother with longer and straighter fibres beneath the surface than treated leaflets. Platelet adhesion tests were performed with fresh, non-anticoagulated human whole blood as well as with platelet suspension. Static platelet adhesion tests were carried out by depositing droplets of blood on the test surface. The blood droplets were washed off after a contact time of 2 minutes for whole blood and up to 32 minutes for platelet suspension. The adhering platelets were microscopically observed and counted. The platelet density on the native leaflets was found to be significantly higher than on the treated tissues. However, the platelet density did not vary with glutaraldehyde concentration in the range from 0.2 to 1.0% (v/v). PMID- 3923651 TI - [Parenteral nutrition for newborn infants; fat emulsions. Work Group Parenteral Nutrition of the Perinatology Section]. PMID- 3923652 TI - Evidence that a Ca2+ chelator and a calmodulin blocker interfere with the structure of inter-Sertoli junctions. AB - Ca2+ dependence of tight junction structure has been well documented in cultured epithelial tissues, and regulatory mechanisms have been identified. To analyse the possible control exerted on inter-Sertoli junctions, we exposed guinea-pig seminiferous tubules to the presence of a Ca2+ chelator (EGTA) and to a calmodulin blocker (Trifluoperazine, TFP) in vitro, for times ranging from 30 to 120 min. We observed the morphology of junctional complexes and the basal cytoplasmic regions in sections and replicas. Sertoli cell response to Ca2+ depletion involved several events: retraction of cells toward the base of the tubule and a consequent stretching of the points of fusion, augmented density of the cytoplasm, and destabilization of the array of intramembrane particles. Exposure of tubules to TFP resulted in disruption of the interactions between actin filaments and membrane junctional specialization, as well as a disorganization of other cytoskeletal elements. Thus, in vitro, junction integrity appears to be related to Ca2+ level, and Ca2+ depletion apparently interferes with Ca2+ distribution inside the cell and on microfilaments involved in junction regulation. Our results do not provide direct evidence for any particular mechanism of action of TFP, but a multiple effect is evident. TFP, which affects Ca2+ regulation and membrane fluidity, probably acts indirectly on junction-associated filaments. Both the experimental conditions tested suggest a Ca2+-mediated regulatory role of microfilaments of this complex junction. PMID- 3923653 TI - Ultrastructural changes in the cuticle of the sheep blowfly, Lucilia, induced by certain insecticides and biological inhibitors. AB - The ultrastructural effects on larval cuticle of Lucilia cuprina of two inhibitors of chitin synthesis, diflubenzuron and polyoxin D and an inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, aminopterin, are compared with those of the insecticide, cyromazine. Diflubenzuron and polyoxin D both prevent the formation of a normal lamellate appearance in procuticle and interfere with deposition of epicuticle. Aminopterin and cyromazine cause necrotic lesions in the cuticle which, in the case of cyromazine, are contiguous with invasive processes of epidermal cells. There is an accumulation of electron-dense granules in some epidermal cells in larvae poisoned with aminopterin or cyromazine. Aminopterin has a more drastic cytotoxic effect than cyromazine and it also interferes with the formation of epicuticle. The lesions produced by cyromazine treatment are not mimicked precisely by any of the other chemicals. However, there is closer accord between the effects of cyromazine and aminopterin than between cyromazine and the inhibitors of chitin formation. PMID- 3923654 TI - A new individual variation of saliva detected with rabbit anti-human saliva serum. AB - A rabbit anti-saliva hyperimmune serum was raised against pooled human saliva. After absorption with human serum and semen, the immune serum formed two or three distinct precipitation lines with human saliva by the Ouchterlony method. Based on the presence or absence of a precipitation line, close to the antigen well designated as Pl, all human saliva were divided into two groups; Pl+ and Pl-. The incidence of Pl+ saliva was 114 out of 154 samples (74%). By immunoelectrophoresis with anti-saliva serum preabsorbed with Pl- saliva, Pl+ saliva formed a precipitation line in cathodal area. No amylase activity was found in this precipitation line but it was stained with the Schiff's reagent. Pl protein was isolated by Sephadex G-100 and ion-exchange chromatography. Isoelectric focusing of the Pl protein in polyacrylamide slab gel containing urea revealed that the protein differed from any known parotid salivary proteins such as Pr, Db, Pa and Pm. PMID- 3923655 TI - Neonatal phenobarbital imprinting of hepatic microsomal enzymes in adult rats: modulation by neonatal testosterone presence. AB - The influence of neonatal androgen status on the ability of neonatally administered phenobarbital (PB) to program increases in adult rat hepatic microsomal enzyme activities was investigated. Male and female rat pups were injected with 30 mg/kg PB or 0.9% saline on Days 1 to 5 postpartum. Males were further divided into either neonatally castrated or sham-operated groups. Females were subdivided into groups receiving either 0.5 mg testosterone propionate or 50 microliters corn oil on Days 1, 3, and 5 postpartum. Various hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 system and glucuronyltransferase activities were determined at 140 days of age. Our results indicate that PB imprints both males and females. P 450 reductase, ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase, and testosterone glucuronyltransferase activities were increased to a greater degree in females than in males. These same activities were increased by neonatal PB to a greater degree in castrated males compared to sham-operated males and were increased to a lesser degree in neonatally testosterone-treated females compared to female corn oil controls. It therefore appears that neonatal testosterone presence not only alters the patterns of enzyme activity but also diminishes the response of certain activities to PB programming. PMID- 3923656 TI - A method to classify airborne chemicals which alter the normal ventilatory response induced by CO2. AB - Guinea pigs inhaling 10% CO2, 19% O2, and 71 N2 increase their tidal volume (VT) by a factor of 2 to 3 and their respiratory frequency (f) by a factor of 1.2 to 1.5 above their normal values while breathing room air. While exposing guinea pigs to 10% CO2, a variety of aerosols can be added to determine how they modify the normal ventilatory response to this agent. Aerosols of carbamylcholine, serotonin, or propranolol all decreased VT of guinea pigs when added to 10% CO2. We propose here that chemicals evoking reductions in tidal volume can be classified into two groups based on the set of concurrent respiratory responses. Those chemicals evoking "obstruction," not only reduced VT but also decreased (f), increased resistance to airflow in conducting airways, and interrupted airflow. The prototype of this family would be carbamylcholine. The second group of chemicals evoked what is described as "reflex restriction." These agents reduced VT but increased f and lowered resistance to airflow. Propranolol would be the prototype for this family. Serotonin, however, evoked both types of response patterns which were time dependent. At the beginning of exposure, obstruction was prevalent while at the end of a 30-min exposure, reflex restriction was prevalent. PMID- 3923657 TI - Acetaminophen metabolism, cytotoxicity, and genotoxicity in rat primary hepatocyte cultures. AB - Acetaminophen (APAP) metabolism, cytotoxicity, and genotoxicity were measured in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. Although 3 mM APAP caused a slight increase in cellular release of lactate dehydrogenase into the culture medium, cellular glutathione concentration (an index of APAP metabolism) was reduced by 50%. APAP at 7 mM was significantly more toxic to these hepatocytes and had a similar but more marked effect on glutathione concentrations. In spite of its cytotoxicity, neither dose of APAP stimulated DNA repair synthesis when monitored by the rate of incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA following exposure to APAP. Thus, although APAP has been shown to be both hepato- and nephrotoxic in several in vivo and in vitro systems, the reactive toxic metabolite of APAP is not genotoxic in rat primary hepatocyte cultures. PMID- 3923658 TI - Selective induction and inhibition of liver and lung cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenases by the PCBs mixture, Aroclor 1016. AB - The effects of the widely used industrial PCBs mixture, Aroclor 1016, as modifiers of monooxygenases were studied in rats and rabbits. From data presented, it is not possible to generalize the biological effects of PCBs observed with rats, namely, that they are potent, non-specific inducers of monooxygenase activities. In rat liver, Aroclor 1016 exhibited primarily the potent inducing effects of the barbiturate class of inducers. In contrast, in rabbits pretreated with Aroclor 1016, although cytochrome P-450 content of the liver was significantly increased, benzphetamine N-demethylase and benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylase activities were decreased 30-35%; and no changes in the O deethylation of 7-ethoxycoumarin and 7-ethoxyresorufin were observed. These results strongly suggest differences in the regulation of cytochrome P-450 isozymes in the liver by the PCBs. A similar conclusion can be drawn from the pulmonary studies of Aroclor 1016-pretreated rabbits. In the lung, cytochrome P 450, form 2 and associated enzymic activities were markedly decreased, with little or no effect on the form 5 isozyme. Electrophoretic and chromatographic studies confirmed these findings. The induction and the repression of a form or forms of cytochrome P-450 by environmentally-derived chemicals may be important determinants of organ-targeted chemical toxicity. PMID- 3923659 TI - Percutaneous absorption of formaldehyde in rats. AB - As formaldehyde is used as a preservative in cosmetic products, its dermal absorption from an O/W-cream was studied using rats. [14C]Formaldehyde as a tracer, together with non-labelled formaldehyde, was incorporated into a cream at a total concentration of 0.1%. Approx. 5% of the applied radioactivity was absorbed percutaneously within 48 h. Higher values were not found under occlusive conditions. The labelled substance was excreted primarily in urine and exhaled air. Further radioactivity was found in the carcass. Based on these results, a rough approximation was attempted of the amount of formaldehyde which could penetrate human skin after the application of a formaldehyde-containing cosmetic. PMID- 3923660 TI - [Use of the immobilized proteolytic enzyme profezim in the combined treatment of periodontal diseases]. PMID- 3923661 TI - [General anesthesia with the intramuscular use of kalipsol during cheiloplasty in young children]. PMID- 3923663 TI - [Presentation of a therapy scheme and irradiation technic for short-term contact irradiation of cervical cancer]. AB - Since April 1983 patients with gynecologic tumors have been irradiated with the HDR afterloading method at the University Hospital of Cologne. The therapy scheme for the carcinoma of the cervix consists of a combination of intracavitary contact irradiation and external radiotherapy. Brachytherapy is preponderant in an early stage of tumor extension, whereas teletherapy contributes more to the total dose in advanced stages. At first, the pelvis is totally exposed to a homogenous irradiation, so the shrunken tumor can more easily be arrived by curietherapy. The therapy scheme is described for the different tumor stages with its dosages, fractionations, and treatment pauses. Besides the use of special multiple-way applicators, the risk organs are protected by collimating with a block the middle part of the external irradiation field as soon as the maximum permissible dose is reached. A special block shape minimizes the dose irregularities at the field borders. The total physical dose at point A is about 60 Gy. The high dose rate of HDR afterloading has to be considered when calculating the biologic efficient dose. Here the dose rate factor furnishes a rough relation to the established radium dosage. PMID- 3923662 TI - [Primary combined radiotherapy of carcinoma of the uterine cervix. Comparison of 192Ir with radium]. AB - A retrospective study of primary irradiated carcinomas of the uterine cervix was made in order to compare the effect of radium with the effect of a 192Ir afterloading therapy with high dose rate which had been introduced 2 1/2 years before. A group of 31 patients treated with iridium was opposed to a historical control group of 24 patients treated with radium. Both groups were submitted to the same method of simultaneous percutaneous irradiation. All consecutively treated patients exposed to a percutaneous focal dose of greater than 45 Gy were evaluated. The iridium and radium doses applied as well as the values measured in intestine and bladder are presented. The iridium group had the same or a slightly less favorable prognosis (prognostic factors compared: stage, percutaneous dose, histology, age) than the radium group. The remission rates were identical for both therapy methods. Patients treated with iridium have a slightly better curve of recurrence-free interval and survival time, even taking into consideration the shorter observation period. Two out of the patients treated with iridium and four out of those treated with radium presented severe long-term side effects with formation of fistulas (average incidence 12,5 months and 12,7 months after the beginning of therapy, respectively). PMID- 3923664 TI - Economic aspects of tropical disease: what is better health worth? PMID- 3923665 TI - Immunodiagnosis of pulmonary hydatid disease in a patient with negative radiologic and scintillographic findings. AB - Hydatid disease was diagnosed by the arc 5 double diffusion (DD5) test in a patient with concomitant pulmonary disease. The localization of the cysts could not be determined by radiologic and scintillographic studies of the lung and abdomen. The hydatid nature of fluid collected by pleural puncture required for the concomitant infection, was established by using the aspirate as antigen in the DD5 test and five small pulmonary hydatid cysts were found at surgery. PMID- 3923666 TI - Successful application of the diffusion-in-gel-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DIG-ELISA) in onchocerciasis. AB - The recently described DIG-ELISA test was evaluated on 38 sera from patients with onchocerciasis, using a soluble, crude extract of Onchocerca volvulus dissected out from glycerol-preserved nodules. Results showed that the diameters of the orange-yellow antibody-antigen reaction zones obtained with infected sera were significantly greater than those obtained with normal human sera. A close correlation was observed between the diameters of the reaction zones and antibody concentration (expressed as log of the serum dilution), indicating the potential utility of this test in the quantitative determination of serum antibodies. Because the test is easily performed, it can be used under field conditions when an immediate quantitative determination of serum antibodies is needed. PMID- 3923667 TI - Congenital Chagas' disease in Bolivia: epidemiological aspects and pathological findings. AB - In 329 newborns examined by the method of Strout and/or histopathological sections of the placenta, Trypanosoma cruzi was observed in 25 cases. The serological prevalence of Chagas' disease in mothers was 51%. A greater risk of congenital transmission was observed in newborns ranging between 1,001 and 2,500 g (21%), compared to 2% in newborns weighing more than 2,500 g. Congenital transmission occurred predominantly in newborns with a gestational age of 26 to 37 weeks. Histopathological examination of placentae disclosed T. cruzi in 6.3%. In areas with a high prevalence of Chagas' disease, congenital transmission is a real hazard. PMID- 3923668 TI - rG. Potential pitfall in parentage testing. AB - Extensive studies were done on the family of an infant investigated for possible hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN). Fourteen members in four generations were shown to carry the rG gene with r, R1 or R2. If testing had not included anti CD(G) serum, three false exclusions of paternity and four of maternity might have resulted in this large Caucasian family. The findings also demonstrated that titration of Rh antisera against the red cells of family members could not be relied upon to assess zygosity or dosage. PMID- 3923669 TI - A significant difference in cyclosporine blood and plasma concentrations with heparin or EDTA anticoagulant. PMID- 3923670 TI - Long-term survival of cultured islet allografts without the use of immunosuppression. PMID- 3923671 TI - [Biological activity of thiophosphamide-alkylated DNA in the transformation system of Bacillus subtilis]. AB - DNA treated with thiophosphamide was studied for changes in its biological activity in transformation system of Bac. subtilis. DNA alkylation by this three functional alkylating agent is shown to be followed by the reduction of transforming activity, changes in the competitive ability as well as by a decrease of the cotransfer coefficient for linked markers of transforming DNA. The observed changes in the transforming and cotransforming activities may be explained by variations in the DNA structure. PMID- 3923672 TI - [Indices of pigment formation in complex cytomorphological research on human pigmented skin neoplasms]. AB - Analysis of the topography peculiarities and distribution of oxidized melanine and its precursors (DOPA-oxide activity and catecholamine) in pigment nevuses and malignant melanomas of skin shows that the studied peculiarities are a complex of intersupplementary markers of melanine formation, correlate with the quality and the degree of proliferative process expression in tumours of this genesis and may be used for their malignancy rating. PMID- 3923674 TI - [Vesicourachal diverticulum]. PMID- 3923673 TI - [Changes in the level of sister chromatid exchanges in cultured Chinese hamster cells undergoing limited proliferation]. AB - "Stationary phase ageing" of cultured Chinese hamster cells (when proliferation rate decreases and in the stationary growth phase) produces an increase in the frequency of spontaneous sister chromatid exchanges (SCE). Thiophosphamide induced (24 h) frequency of SCE increases from 2-day to 5-day "age" and later (in the stationary phase) is practically the same. The "stationary ageing" cultured cells are suggested to be used as a model system for studying molecular-genetic age changes. PMID- 3923675 TI - [Diagnostic and clinical aspects in patients with acquired circulating coagulation inhibitors]. PMID- 3923676 TI - [To spray or not to spray, that is not the question...]. PMID- 3923677 TI - [Diagnosis of chronic occlusive diseases of the visceral branches of the abdominal aorta]. AB - On the basis of the examination of 113 patients the author considers that patients with abdominal pains associated with the amount of food, progressing loss of weight, systolic noise in the projection of visceral arteries, positive nitroglycerine and thermal tests have high probability of detection of the syndrome of chronic abdominal ischemia. These signs should be taken into consideration when examining patients under conditions of the outpatient clinic and nonspecialized hospitals. PMID- 3923678 TI - [Surgical treatment of complicated periampullar diverticulosis of the duodenum]. AB - On the basis of the experience with the treatment of complicated periampular diverticulum of the duodenum in 12 patients the authors recommend to perform diverticulectomy in combination with transduodenal papillosphincteroplasty, wirsungduodenoplasty and septectomy, which allows reliable suturing of the cervix of the diverticulum ablated and eliminates narrowing of the terminal portions of the common bile duct and Wirsung's duct. The long-term results (from 1 to 3 years) were good. PMID- 3923679 TI - [Treatment of trophic ulcers and non-healing wounds with CO2 laser]. AB - The authors used high and low intensity CO2 lasers for the treatment of 140 patients with trophic ulcers and continuously non-healing wounds. Choice of the method of treatment, parameters of laser radiation are based on concrete values of indices of the regeneration processes in the wounds and ulcers. In 83,6% of patients there was a complete recovery of the wounds, in 16,4% the recovery was partial. PMID- 3923680 TI - [Use of the laser scalpel in operations on parenchymatous abdominal organs]. AB - During planned and urgent operations on the liver, spleen, pancreas in 156 patients laser devices "Scalpel-1" and "Romashka" based on CO2-lasers with the wave length of 10,6 mkm were used. The laser radiation was used for the dissection and coagulation of tissues. The selection of radiation parameters was determined by the aim of operation and organ structure. Good results were obtained. PMID- 3923681 TI - [Value of studying blood levels of thyroid hormones for the diagnosis and surgical treatment of toxic goiter]. AB - The author used the determination of the thyroid hormone level as a diagnosis criterion and for the control of results of the surgical treatment of 840 patients with toxic goiter. Lethal outcomes did not follow. The number of recurrent thyrotoxicosis in late periods was reduced to 0,85%, postoperative hypothyrosis to 0,75%. PMID- 3923682 TI - [Relation between biochemical components in the blood of cows of various strains and the daily milk yield]. AB - During the evaluation of the biochemical components of the arterial and venous blood of cows before and after milking, an insignificantly higher content of ash was found in the blood of the cows of Black-Pied Lowland breed, as compared with the Slovak Pied breed. The difference in the activity of alkaline phosphatase was found to be significant: the higher alkaline phosphatase activity was recorded in the blood of the cows of Slovak Pied breed than in the cows of Black-Pied Lowland cattle of the same age and in the same stage of lactation. A positive relationship was found between the milk yield and albumin level in the blood of the dairy cows of Black-Pied Lowland cattle; in the same breed a negative relationship was found between venous blood before milking and the level of gamma globulins. PMID- 3923683 TI - [The effect of the microclimate in the insemination facility on conception in sows after the first insemination]. AB - In the course of the year, the temperature and relative humidity of the insemination hall of a large pig farm were studied in ten three-week periods. The results were compared with the conception rate of sows inseminated in these periods. The macroclimatic conditions were also studied, and the influence of macroclimate (including temperature and relative humidity) on the microclimate of insemination hall was evaluated. The studied microclimate parameters were found to influence the conception of sows in the first three weeks after insemination. Highly significant differences (significance level of alpha = 0.01) were recorded in the conception of sows after the first insemination, in the occurrence of optimum and increased temperatures, in the occurrence of optimum and increased relative humidity in the summer and winter months. A significant difference at the significance level of alpha = 0.05 was found when the occurrence of increased relative humidity was compared. A high temperature was recorded only in the summer months. In summer and in the first half of autumn (from the 9th of June to the 13th of October) when increased to high temperatures and increased to high relative humidity prevailed in the insemination hall (optimum temperature only in 2.0 to 23.3% of the period; optimum relative humidity in 11.1 to 50.0% of the period), the sow conception rate after the first insemination was low (45.5 to 49.7%). In autumn the microclimatic conditions in the insemination hall returned to the optimum. From the 4th of November to the 16th of February the optimum temperature (optimum in 71.6 to 89.7% of the period) and optimum relative humidity (optimum in 74.2 to 90.7% of the period) prevailed in the insemination hall, enabling an improvement in the conception of sows after the first insemination (71.4 to 80.1%). The temperature inside the insemination hall was influenced by changes in outside temperatures whereas the relative humidity inside the insemination hall was influenced mainly by internal factors. PMID- 3923685 TI - [Muscle fibers of pigs sensitive to halothane and resistant to it]. AB - The histological and histochemical structure of m. longissimus thoracis, m. semimembranosus, m. triceps brachii-caput longum and m. rectus femoris was compared in pigs with a positive and negative reaction to halothane treatment. As found, the pigs affected by the malignant hyperthermia syndrome have thicker muscle fibres in the studied muscles. In the course of growth, the muscles of these animals have a larger proportion of red fibres (SO), but it is already at the age of 170 days (weight 100 kg) that light fibres prevail. The relative volume of the FG fibres is larger by 1-5%, as compared with the healthy animals. A higher number of pathologically changed fibres occurs in the pigs sensitive to halothane. The histological picture is individually variable; therefore the histological and histochemical methods cannot be considered as objective in view of MHS diagnosis. The general weakening of the constitution of the pigs is discussed as a possible predisposition factor underlying the development of various health disorders. PMID- 3923684 TI - [Adenovirus inclusions in the ileum in coccidiosis in suckling piglets]. AB - Numerous intranuclear inclusion bodies in enterocytes were detected exclusively in the ileum of two nine-day piglets coming from a litter infected with diarrhea. The inclusion bodies were homogeneous in hematoxylin and eosine (HE), their staining was not clear enough, was amphophilic and they filled nearly the whole nucleus. They were eosinophil less often and had a halo on the periphery. Their staining was clearly orange-red in Feulgen's nuclear reaction after re-staining with G orange and bright green. Intranuclear inclusions were located exclusively on shortened villi and pseudovilli of ileum above the follicles of activated Peyer's patches. The findings of intranuclear inclusions in ileum demonstrate adenovirus enteral infections in suckling piglets. PMID- 3923686 TI - [Changes in proacrosin levels during preservation of ram semen]. AB - The percentual change in the content of pro-acrosin taking place in ram semen preserved for a short and long time was examined in the period from April to October. Two diluents for keeping semen at the temperature of 16 degrees C and one diluent for keeping semen at 3 to 4 degrees C were used in short-time preservation. The content of pro-acrosin was measured 2, 8 and 12 hours after dilution. The lactoso-yolk diluent and the diluent after Milovanov (1980) were used for cryopreservation. The content of pro-acrosin was examined before and after semen freezing. In short-time preservation, no statistically significant decrease of pro-acrosin content was demonstrated in the H Milch diluent (Peter, 1975) at the storage temperature of 16 degrees C and in the diluent after Milovanov (1980) at the temperature of 3 to 4 degrees C. In the diluent prepared after Milovanov (1980) a significant decrease of pro-acrosin content during preservation was recorded at the storage temperature of 16 degrees C. When the short-time preservation diluents were compared, significant differences in pro acrosin content were found between them. In the long-time preservation diluents a significant difference in pro-acrosin content was found before and after semen freezing; the difference between the short- and long-time preservation diluents was also significant. A positive correlation was found between sperm activity and pro-acrosin content. PMID- 3923687 TI - [The effect of the preparation Kurasan (ethoxyquin) on the toxigenic properties of the mold Aspergillus flavus]. AB - The effects of Kurasan antioxidant (min. 78% ethoxyquin) were studied on toxin formation of the fungus Aspergillus flavus (strain AF 1982/M1). Aflatoxins mostly of type B1, G1, M1 are produced by the mentioned fungal strain. The strain was cultivated for seven days at high relative humidity on a substrate mostly of cereals (Karlovarske suchary--Carlsbad rusks). Application of 25 mg Kurasan per 1 kg substrate reduced type G1 aflatoxin formation by 90%. The total production of aflatoxins decreased expressively (by 50-60% after addition of 100-200 mg Kurasan per 1 kg substrate). It was only at high amounts of Kurasan that B1 and M1 aflatoxin formation was inhibited and it was correlated. Positive effects of Kurasan antioxidant applied to feed mixtures were demonstrated--aflatoxin formation by toxicogenic fungi is inhibited. PMID- 3923688 TI - [Serological diagnosis of the species Haemophilus equigenitalis using the rapid agglutination and coagglutination method]. AB - The method of rapid slide agglutination and coagglutination was tested in the detection of Haemophilus equigenitalis (Taylorella equigenitalis)--the causal agent of contagious equine metritis (CEM). It was demonstrated that both methods were suitable for the serological diagnosis of the species under study. The antisera obtained from rabbits immunized with Haemophilus equigenitalis strains treated in different ways were specific, but with different antibody titres. When cross reactions with other species of microorganisms were verified, the antisera did not react with any of the strains, even after binding them to protein A of the positive strain Staphylococcus aureus--Cowan I. Coagglutination was much more rapid and pronounced than the ordinary rapid agglutination test. It was characterized by a low consumption of specific antiserum. The specific antibodies bound to staphylococci were kept at the temperature of 4 degrees C for several months without losing agglutinin activity. PMID- 3923689 TI - Pulmonary aspergillosis in apparently healthy young rabbits. AB - Pulmonary aspergillosis was discovered in apparently healthy young rabbits. Thirty-five rabbits of various ages raised in the same rabbitry were examined by histological, ultrastructural and microbiological methods. The pulmonary lesions were found only in rabbits younger than five weeks old. These lesions contained characteristically shaped hyphae surrounded by eosinophilic radiating projections -"asteroid bodies." The significance of the disease condition and the structure of the "asteroid bodies" is discussed. PMID- 3923690 TI - Guidelines on the recognition of pain, distress and discomfort in experimental animals and an hypothesis for assessment. AB - Under the 1876 Cruelty to Animals Act it is necessary to recognise pain so that an assessment may be made to determine if it is 'an experiment calculated to give pain' and 'to prevent the animal feeling pain'. Under the conditions of the licence it is also necessary to recognise 'severe pain which is likely to endure' and 'suffering considerable pain'. In the White Paper May 1983 (Command 8883) it is stated that: 'in the application of controls the concept of pain should be applied in a wide sense' and 'the Home Secretary's practice has been to interpret the concept of pain to include disease, other disturbances of normal health, adverse change in physiology, discomfort and distress'. The draft European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals used for Experimental and other Purposes, aims to control, subject to specific exceptions, any experimental or other scientific procedure which 'may cause pain, suffering, distress or lasting harm'. (The White Paper states that UK control will be stricter than the Council of Europe proposals.) Thus, there is a considerable onus on the experimenter to recognise pain (not to define it) and to alleviate it. It is intended that this article should be of help, not only to newcomers inexperienced in the recognition of pain, but also possibly to those relatively experienced workers who may be called upon to evaluate the pain involved in a new model or an individual animal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3923692 TI - Demonstration of viable Sarcocystis sporocysts in the faeces of a lamb dosed orally. AB - Faecal flotations prepared after dosing a lamb with 3.5 X 10(6) dog-derived Sarcocystis sporocysts proved infective for other lambs for at least 7 days post dosing. This confirms observations suggesting faecal transfer of sporocysts from treated to control lambs. PMID- 3923691 TI - Biochemistry of the sarcocyst of Sarcocystis fusiformis of buffalo Bubalus bubalis. AB - Sarcocysts of Sarcocystis fusiformis from oesophageal muscles of naturally infected Indian water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) were analysed for total lipids, phospholipids, cholesterol, fatty acids and glycerides and total protein. Protein and phospholipids constituted the major portion of the sarcocyst. Acetylcholinesterase and glutamate-oxalo-acetate transaminase activities when assayed were higher than glutamate-pyruvate transaminase in sarcocysts. PMID- 3923693 TI - Two techniques for detection of antibodies against Corynebacterium (Rhodococcus) equi in horse sera. AB - Two techniques were developed to detect antibodies against the exosubstance of C. equi called equi-factor. In the first technique serum samples are tested against native equi-factor produced by the growth of C. equi on agar medium. A positive result is manifested by the development of precipitation lines. The second test is based on neutralization of prepurified equi-factor by antibody, resulting in the inhibition of its hemolytic synergism with staphylococcal beta toxin. Sera (125 samples) from horses of different ages, kept in localities with a history of C. equi infections, were examined. The first technique detected 65.6%, and the second 40% of positive cases. PMID- 3923694 TI - Monoclonal precipitating antibodies to porcine immunoglobulin M. AB - Fusion of splenic immunocytes from a porcine IgM-immunized BALB/c mouse with SP2/0 mouse myeloma cells resulted in 231 primary hybrids. Culture fluids of the primary hybrids were screened for antibody production by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) against porcine IgM and by radial immunodiffusion versus porcine serum. Culture fluids of 10 of the primary hybrids were positive in IgM-ELISA and radial immunodiffusion. Six of these primary hybrids (1A11, 1D10, 2D7, 2E2, 3B11, and 5C9) were cloned, and ascitic fluids were produced using cloned primary hybrids. The monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) in ascitic fluids were characterized as to their reactivity with porcine immunoglobulin isotypes. All six Mabs had mouse IgG1, K isotype and were mu-chain specific as they formed single precipitin lines against porcine serum and porcine IgM and no lines against porcine IgG, IgA, and fetal porcine serum in immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis. In indirect ELISA, all Mabs reacted with porcine serum, porcine IgM, and mu-chains but did not react with porcine IgG, IgA, or light chains. All six Mabs were species-specific and recognized either of two antigenic regions of mu-chain. These Mabs have been successfully used to detect IgM containing cells in tissue sections, to detect IgM in serum, and to quantitate surface membrane IgM-bearing cells in peripheral blood. PMID- 3923696 TI - Relation between arterial intimal thickening and the vasa-vasorum. AB - The histopathological data presented support a new concept for the origin of the cells which cause intimal thickening of arteries. Arterial segments, isolated between ligatures, when examined by intravascular contrast techniques, showed penetration of vasa-vasora and formation of intra-arterial granulation tissue which produced myointimal thickening. Transitional forms between pericytes and myointimal cells were found. In autoradiographic studies on the incorporation of 3H-thymidine, DNA synthesis was first seen in the adventitia, fundamentally in the vasa-vasora pericytes, and in the adjacent media, and later in the intimal thickening. In arterial segments between ligatures typical intimal thickening was produced when intra-arterial granulation tissue was formed and the ligatures were removed thus restoring the circulation. These results were not produced when the arterial segment was sectioned lengthways between ligatures. It is suggested that this intimal thickening originates in cells from the vasa-vasora, in particular from pericytes. PMID- 3923695 TI - Lymphadenopathy in drug addicts. A study of the distribution of T lymphocyte subsets in the lymph nodes. AB - Lymph node biopsies from 24 male heroin addicts and 9 control patients were studied using immunohistochemical, and in 1/3 of cases, quantitative methods. 5 out of these 24 patients were also homosexual. All presented diffuse lymphadenopathy but none had any signs or symptoms of opportunistic infections nor Kaposi's sarcoma. Histologically the lymph nodes showed a very peculiar follicular hyperplasia with atrophy of the paracortex. The germinal centers appeared irregular, ill defined and contained clusters of small lymphocytes. The mantle zone was atrophic. Immunolabelling of T lymphocytes by monoclonal antibodies showed that germinal centers were invaded by small nests of Leu 2a (and OKT8) positive lymphocytes, i.e. chiefly cytotoxic-suppressor phenotype; the number of these cells increased by about 100 times in the follicles. OKT4 (and Leu 3a) positive cells, i.e. chiefly helper-inducer phenotype, appeared to decrease. These histological and immunohistochemical changes are considered to be suggestive of drug addicts' lymphadenopathy, and also possibly of other conditions increasing the risk of AIDS. PMID- 3923697 TI - Survival with primary cutaneous malignant melanoma, evaluated from 2012 cases. A multivariate regression analysis. AB - Cox's multivariate regression model for survival data was applied to 2,012 patients with primary cutaneous melanoma in order to evaluate the relative prognostic value of numerous clinical and histological variables and to establish their prognostically most efficient combination. The material was divided into 4 groups according to the size of resection margin of the primary lesion (less than 2.0 cm, 2.0 cm, 2.1-4.9 cm, and greater than or equal to 5.0 cm). Data were analysed separately in these 4 groups and equivalent results were obtained. The risk factors were clinical stage, site of tumour, tumour thickness, level of invasion, mitotic activity, ulceration, lymphocytic reaction, predominant type of invasive tumour cell and partial regression. When accounting for these factors, histological type, nuclear pleomorphism, nucleolar size, vascular invasion, pigmentation, verrucous growth pattern, and dermal elastosis were without prognostic influence. The effect of sex and age of patient was uncertain and both variables, therefore, were retained in the model. By using Cox's method it is possible to make a qualified estimate of the survival for the individual patient. PMID- 3923698 TI - Phagocytosis of mast cell granules by fibroblasts of the human gingiva. AB - Mast cell granules have been detected ultrastructurally within the cytoplasm of fibroblasts in fibrous hyperplastic lesion of the human gingiva. This finding is interpreted as phagocytosis of mast cell granules by fibroblasts. It is estimated that phagocytosis of mast cell granules occurred in four to six per cent of the fibroblasts. The result of present study suggests that mast cells play some role in fibroblast activity not only in animals as reported previously, but also in human connective tissue. PMID- 3923699 TI - Development and regression of pulmonary arterial lesions after experimental air embolism. A light and electronmicroscopic study. AB - Repeated systemic venous air embolism produces pulmonary vascular lesions, the nature of which is still a subject of controversy. We investigated the pulmonary arterial lesions produced by repeated air embolism in rabbits, both at light and electron microscopic level. We found that they form a remarkable histopathological entity, consisting of initial pronounced vasoconstriction, combined with severe intimal inflammatory changes. Within 4 days after the last injection of air, peculiar sheet-like structures consisting of oedematous tissue and lined by endothelium, projected into the lumen. These structures probably resulted from the shearing stress of the blood, streaming over the severely oedematous intima. They subsequently became thinner and disappeared after two weeks. Various types of blood-borne and mesenchymal cells were present in the thickened intima and within the sheets. The origin of the latter cells remained undecided. They may originate from medial smooth muscle cells penetrating the internal elastic lamina as well as by transition from blood-borne cells into mesenchymal cells, or both. PMID- 3923700 TI - Localisation of C-terminal gastrin immunoreactivity in gastrinoma cells. An immunoelectron microscopy study on conventionally processed tissue. AB - Localisation of C-terminal gastrin immunoreactivity has been studied, using the immunogold staining procedure, on ultrathin sections of 6 human gastrinomas conventionally processed for electron microscopy. The specific labelling, whose density depended on the mean diameter of the gold marker, was restricted to endocrine secretory granules. However, in poorly differentiated cells from malignant tumours, a number of granules remained unreactive. The labelling pattern depended also on the functional state of each cell. The immunoreactive granules showed various morphological features. A moderate number of gold particles was demonstrated over the floccular content of the infrequent diagnostic G-type granules. Non-diagnostic round granules of varying size and electron density were prevalent in most cells; their usually strong immunostaining allowed immediate recognition of cell specificity. Dense granules which were large in size and angular in shape and present in one case, were also intensely labelled. In the same tumour, unequal labelling occurred over polymorphous, often elongated granules, of varying size. Granules of different types, including intermediate forms, could be found in the same cell, indicating a spectrum of granule maturation towards well-defined types of the fetal or adult normal tissues. The present methodology would help to identify gastrin-producing cells in prospective or retrospective electron microscopy studies of multi hormonal endocrine tumours. PMID- 3923701 TI - Extradural spinal angiolipoma with secretory activity. An ultrastructural, clinico-pathological study. AB - The light and ultrastructural analyses of an extradural intraspinal angiolipoma causing symptoms of spinal cord compression, are reported. The tumour showed morphological evidence of an endocrine-like secretory activity of fat cells, with an apparent mechanism of secretory function that has not previously been described for angiolipomas. The secretory granules, containing a lipid-like material, were covered with a continuous basement membrane originating from the basement membrane of the adipocyte. PMID- 3923702 TI - Smooth muscle proliferation in the hilum of superficial lymph nodes. AB - A retrospective survey to study hilar smooth muscle proliferation was performed on 410 superficial lymph nodes from 130 patients. Smooth muscle proliferation of variable degree was found in a total of 32 patients, affecting both inguinal and axillary nodes. A slight predominance of inguinal lesions was noted, and a higher proportion of nodes from male patients was affected. The smooth muscle proliferation was not age related nor was it associated with metastatic carcinoma. An association between smooth muscle proliferation and prominent hilar vascularity was found. In individual cases where several nodes had been removed, there was a tendency for more than one node to show smooth muscle proliferation, suggesting that there is a locally acting diffusible aetiological agent. We think the smooth muscle proliferation we have described is of vascular origin, and that it may reflect a previous inflammatory reaction. PMID- 3923703 TI - The antral gastrin-producing cells in duodenal ulcer patients. An ultrastructural study before and during treatment with cimetidine. AB - Ultrastructural examination of the antral G cells has been carried out on 11 patients with chronic duodenal ulcer, before and after treatment with a histamine H-2 - receptor antagonist (cimetidine 1 g/day) for 8 weeks. The study demonstrated an increased area of the Golgi complex, rough endoplasmic reticulum and electron-dense granules, indicating increased G cell activity during treatment. An increased number of lysosomes was a constant feature during treatment. As an hypothesis we suggest that these lysosomes may participate in the secretory mechanism of human G cells, by destroying superfluous (Gastrin) components produced during hyperactivity. PMID- 3923704 TI - The distribution of liver metastases from colonic cancer. A quantitative postmortem study. AB - 54 livers of patients with colonic cancer were investigated in a postmortem study. 26 livers contained metastases from colon carcinoma. Assessment of the number, size and location of metastases was made. The possible interdependence of the site of the colonic primary and the location of its secondaries in the liver was examined. Results suggest an approximately homogeneous distribution of metastases from colonic cancer in the hepatic parenchyma, irrespective of the location of the primary tumour. PMID- 3923705 TI - Anti-GBM nephritis in the mouse: severe proteinuria in the heterologous phase. AB - Highly reproducible anti glomerular basement membrane (GBM) nephritis has been induced in the mouse after a single injection of rabbit or goat antibody against purified homologous GBM. The severity of albuminuria was closely related to the amount of antibody given. With doses of 4 mg or more, low serum albumin concentrations, sometimes accompanied by ascites and oedema, were observed after 1 week. Glomerular injury was characterized by an initial accumulation of polymorphonuclear granulocytes followed by thrombosis and necrosis, the extent of which defined the outcome of the glomerulonephritis. With high doses of antibody the exudative lesions entered a chronic phase, while at doses lower than 2 mg remission of the lesions occurred. Immunofluorescence studies showed prompt linear fixation of the injected antibodies to the glomerular capillary wall, accompanied by immediate binding of C3 in a fine granular pattern. Fibrin deposits appeared at 2 h in some glomeruli, increased thereafter, and were present after one day in more than 90% of the glomeruli in mice that had received 4 mg of antibody. This new reproducible model in the mouse is suited for the study of the relationship between activation of mediator systems, histological lesions, and proteinuria. PMID- 3923706 TI - Ia+ dendritic cells lining the dermo-epidermal junction in bullous skin disorders, associated with the deposition of immune complexes. AB - Skin biopsies from 34 patients, presenting with a variety of bullous skin disorders were investigated, using routine light microscopy and immunohistochemistry. In bullous skin diseases characterized by deposition of complement factors (CF) and/or immunoglobulins (Ig), a monolayer of OKIa+1, OKT 6, OKM-1 dendritic cells was found at the dermo-epidermal junction. Retrospectively, these cells were easily recognized on paraffin embedded, H & E stained material. In bullous skin disorders, showing no deposition of CF and/or Ig, this monolayer of dendritic cells was lacking. It is suggested that these OKIa+1, OKT-6, OKM-1 dendritic cells at the dermo-epidermal junction represent some type of antigen presenting cells, not corresponding to Langerhans cells, veiled cells or indeterminate cells. PMID- 3923707 TI - Comparison between cell kinetical and immunohistochemical studies on carcinoma and atypia/dysplasia of urinary bladder mucosa. AB - Results of cell kinetic analyses on transurethrally obtained material from urinary bladder are compared with parallel immunohistochemical tests on carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA), performed on the same material. Labelling index increases from 1.4% in slight to 20% in marked urothelial atypia. CEA reaction in slight atypia is slight or moderate, slight, moderate or distinct in atypia, and moderate to distinct in carcinoma in situ. TPA always shows moderate to distinct reactions. Cell kinetically, urothelial carcinomas yield similar gradations. They were positive for CEA in 70% and for TPA in 100%. In GO and GI carcinomas, negative and slightly positive reactions predominate, poorly differentiated lesions yield predominantly distinct reactions. In all grades, TPA ranges from slight to distinctly positive. As in cell kinetic analyses, there is a relationship between differentiation grade and stage for CEA expression. This does not apply for TPA. The results permit us to draw conclusions on the different biological and histogenetical behavior of urothelial carcinomas. There are undoubtedly differences in the behavior of papillary-exophytical and solid invasive carcinomas in terms of both cell kinetics and immunohistochemistry. PMID- 3923708 TI - Quantitative morphology. A study of the trophoblast. AB - It is difficult to predict the possible development of a malignant trophoblastic tumor after the evacuation of a hydatidiform mole. In order to help resolve this difficulty, a morphometric study has been carried out. The mean nuclear area of the trophoblast in a group of hydatidiform moles, followed by a trophoblastic malignancy, was found to be statistically significantly larger than that of the trophoblast in a group of hydatidiform moles which were not followed by malignant trophoblastic disease. However, the mean trophoblast/nontrophoblast ratio in villi demonstrated no statistically significant difference between those 2 groups of hydatidiform moles. Therefore it is not advisable to grade hydatidiform moles on the basis of trophoblastic proliferation alone. It is suggested that the trophoblastic lining of hydropic villi in the placental tissue of hydatidiform moles has malignant features already, but these are more pronounced in those hydatidiform moles which are subsequently followed by a choriocarcinoma. PMID- 3923709 TI - The intermediate filament cytoskeleton of cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma (Merkel cell tumour). Immunohistochemical and biochemical analyses. AB - The presence and distribution of cytokeratins, neurofilament proteins, vimentin and glial fibrillary acidic protein were studied in 10 cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinomas (CNEC) by immunohistochemical techniques, using specific antibodies. In all cases tumour cells were specifically stained with antibodies to mouse liver cytokeratin component D in paraffin-embedded formalin-fixed and frozen sections. Moreover, one- and two-dimensional SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of high salt/detergent resistant cytoskeletal residues from tumour material, isolated by microdissection from frozen sections, revealed the presence of cytokeratin components 8 and 18 which are characteristic constituents of cytokeratin filaments of simple epithelia. Neurofilament proteins were detected by immunocytochemistry in tumour cells from 2 patients, from whom frozen material was available, and their presence was also positively identified in cytoskeletal residues by immunoblotting using specific antibodies. Glial fibrillary acidic protein and vimentin could not be demonstrated in tumour cells. Our studies did not confirm the suggested origin of CNEC from epidermal Merkel cells. PMID- 3923710 TI - Malignant peripheral neuroectodermal tumours of childhood and adolescence. AB - Seventeen cases of malignant peripheral neuroectodermal tumour (MPNT) were studied by means of light microscopy, immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. There were nine males and eight females. The mean age of the 17 patients was 10 years with a range of seven months to 20 years. The vast majority of tumours was located in the trunk. Histologically, they closely resembled Ewing's sarcoma, although minor differences were obvious. Special findings included ganglion cells and Flexner rosettes. In 10/11 cases positive staining for neuron-specific enolase (NSE) was obtained. Five of 10 tumours were positive for protein S-100. Three contained vimentin, two neurofilaments and one vimentin, neurofilaments and GFAP. Neurosecretory granules were noted in the three cases studied. Five patients died, three are alive with disease and five patients are alive without evidence of disease. It is concluded that these tumours form a homogeneous group, although the grade of differentiation varies. The prognosis in most cases is poor. Distinction from Ewing's sarcoma is possible by staining for NSE and by electron microscopy. PMID- 3923711 TI - Immunocytochemical and enzymecytochemical studies on the intracellular transport mechanism of secretory immunoglobulin A and lactoferrin in human salivary glands. AB - The intracellular transport mechanism of secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) has been immunocytochemically defined in human submandibular glands. To examine the properties of the intracytoplasmic vesicles which contain IgA, the enzyme labeled antibody method for SC and IgA and Novikoff's method for acid phosphatase (ACPase) activity were employed on the same sections. The intracytoplasmic vesicles containing IgA and SC in the serous acinar cells were free of ACPase activity and were thus distinguishable from lysosomes. Neither IgA nor SC was localized in the secretory granules. Lactoferrin was localized in the secretory granules and glandular lumen of the serous acinar cells, but not in the cytoplasmic vesicles, which were also free of ACPase activity. These findings suggests that the transport of sIgA was performed by intracytoplasmic vesicles and that lactoferrin is discharged from secretory granules into the lumen and finally makes a "rendezvous" with sIgA in the lumen of acinar cells. PMID- 3923712 TI - Multiple paraganglioneuromas. AB - We report multiple paraganglioneuromas which occurred in a 40-year-old-man. Thirty-two tumours with similar histological appearance have been reported previously and most of them showed a striking predilection to occur in the second portion of the duodenum. In this case, three masses were detected; one was located in the periampullary region of duodenum with a polypoid appearance, the others were well defined masses in peri-pancreatic tissue adjacent to large vessels. Histology revealed two cellular components, epithelioid cells with NSE immunoreactivity and S-100 protein containing spindle-shaped cells. Moreover, on electron microscopical examination, three different epithelioid cell types were seen. Type I was a figure differentiating to ganglion cells, type II to paraganglion cells, type III was a hybrid form of ganglion and paraganglion cells. Paraganglioneuroma revealed the histopathology of ganglioneuroma, paraganglioma and also a mixed appearance. In this respect the tumour may be considered to originate in undifferentiated neural crest cells and develop organoid differentiation. PMID- 3923713 TI - Malignant rhabdoid tumor of the prostatic region. Immunohistological and ultrastructural evidence for epithelial origin. AB - We describe a malignant rhabdoid tumour of the prostatic region in a 14-year old boy. The tumour showed positive immunoreactivity for epidermal prekeratin, monoclonal cytokeratin, epithelial membrane antigen, carcinoembryonic antigen and monoclonal vimentin but was negative for myoglobin, alfa-fetoprotein and lysozyme. Electron microscopy revealed pleomorphic cells with collections of paranuclear intermediate filaments, sheaves of tonofilaments and abundant microvilli in some tumour cells. Epithelial derivation was also suggested by occasional intracytoplasmic lumina and rare cell junctions. PMID- 3923715 TI - [Thrombocyte purine nucleoside phosphorylase in various blood diseases]. AB - Activity of purine nucleoside phosphorylase (EC 2.4.2.1) was estimated in thrombocytes of donors and of patients with various hematological diseases. The enzymatic activity was decreased in chronic lymphoid leukosis chronic myeloleukemia, chronic myeloleukemia and blast transformation, acute lymphoblast and myeloblast leukemia, myeloma. Dissimilar level of purine nucleoside phosphorylase activity was found in non-Hodgkin disease. The activity was only slightly increased in Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia; it was similar to normal level in hypoplastic and autoimmune hemolytic anemias. A decrease in the enzymatic activity was observed in thrombocytes of the patients with hereditary forms of hemorrhagic diatheses (hemophilia A, Willebrand disease). Normal level of the enzymatic activity was noted in Glanzmann thrombasthenia. PMID- 3923714 TI - [Assessment of the effectiveness of the action of chemical compounds on the enzymatic peroxidation of lipids]. AB - Inhibitory effects of 3-hydroxypyridines and of some drugs on NADPH-dependent lipid peroxidation was studied in liver microsomes of rats using a spectrophotometric technique with continuous monitoring of accumulation of peroxidation products. At the same time, inhibition of fatty acyl peroxidation catalyzed by the NADPH-dependent system and lipoxygenase from soybean was studied. The data obtained suggest that peroxidation, catalyzed by enzymes of two different types, may be inhibited to different degree by the same chemical compounds. PMID- 3923716 TI - [The microsomal oxidative system of NZB and NZW strain mice]. AB - Content of cytochromes P-450 was lower in liver tissue of NZB mice strain as compared with the NZW strain. Lipid peroxidation in microsomal fraction was higher in females as compared with males (P less than 0.05); it was also higher in females of the NZB mice strain than in the NZW strain (P less than 0.05). PMID- 3923717 TI - [Effect of an alimentary factor on the activity of the sympathetic-adrenal system in workers performing stressful work]. PMID- 3923718 TI - [Blood aminogram of rats fed intravenous and intragastric diets containing various amino acid preparations]. PMID- 3923719 TI - [Production of gamma and alpha interferons by human blood leukocytes in sequential induction]. AB - A schedule for human gamma and alpha interferon production by successive administration, at 2-3-day intervals, of the proper inducers (phytohemagglutinin and Newcastle disease virus (NDV), or staphylococcal enterotoxin A and NDV) into the same suspensions of peripheral blood leukocytes has been proposed. The schedule may be used in laboratory practice and manufacture. PMID- 3923720 TI - [Blood pressure and blood gases in the internal jugular vein after its ligation]. PMID- 3923721 TI - [Modern insulin therapy]. PMID- 3923722 TI - [Therapy of severe diabetic metabolic derailment (diabetic coma)]. PMID- 3923724 TI - [Is chronic persistent hepatitis decidedly benign?]. AB - Issuing from an analysis of the subjective and objective findings as well as of social data of 77 patients with histologically ascertained chronic persisting hepatitis after virus hepatitis non-A/non-B the problem is pursued whether or not - as in literature is nearly homogeneously assumed - the chronic persisting hepatitis is a decidedly benign disease. Apart from the difficulties in the clear histological classification mentioned by other authors it seemed to be profitable to demonstrate in detail the impairments by persisting symptoms which are to be established in the 5th year of the disease (75% of the patients), by acute attacks (ALAT max. 6.9 mymol/1 . s) with corresponding disabilities (40% of the patients) and the effects on social and professional life. The chronic persisting hepatitis is a very heterogeneous group, which must be considered more differentiated concerning the value of the disease and the prognosis. In this case the etiology must apparently more be taken into consideration, for the findings demonstrated in the 5th year of the disease of the chronic persisting hepatitis (non-A/non-B) show only partly (quoad vitam) a benign prognosis. PMID- 3923723 TI - Environmental pollution control in relation to development. Report of a WHO Expert Committee. PMID- 3923725 TI - [Female pattern androgenic alopecia in the male]. AB - The schematic description of male pattern baldness neglects the fact that special forms of baldness in males have a rather female pattern aspect. Here we report on a man with female pattern alopecia. PMID- 3923726 TI - [Lack of symptomatic and long-term hemodynamic effects of prazosin in chronic heart failure. Double-blind, randomized study over one year]. AB - Long-term treatment of congestive heart failure with prazosin is disputed. Only few controlled trials have been reported so far. Our study is the first randomized double-blind placebo controlled trial over several months that also takes haemodynamic measurements into account. 25 patients with congestive heart failure classes III and IV (NYHA) received either prazosin 20 mg/d orally (n = 12) or placebo (n = 13) and were followed up closely. Before treatment, after 6 and after 12 months we performed echocardiography, heart volume (estimated by chest X-ray) and right heart catheterization at rest and during exercise. No significant differences could be noticed during follow-up concerning the following parameters: symptoms (NYHA), left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, shortening fraction, heart volume and systemic vascular resistance. While diuretics could be reduced in 3 patients with placebo an increasing dose was necessary in 6 out of 12 patients of the prazosin group. Long-term treatment of congestive heart failure with prazosin may be valuable only in exceptional cases. PMID- 3923727 TI - Properties of lectins from snails of the genus Helix probed by monoclonal antibodies. AB - Monoclonal antibodies were raised against the lectin of Helix pomatia (HPL). Besides antibodies bearing the more common gamma and kappa chains, antibodies with alpha, mu and lambda 2 chains were elicited. The anti-HPL antibodies are expected to be useful in studies on HPL biogenesis and HPL substructure and in studies concerned with the binding of HPL to cell surfaces. Binding of carbohydrates to HPL impaired the binding of anti-HPL antibodies. One to 3 mM GalNAc inhibited HPL-binding in two out of nine antibodies. None of the antibodies bound in the presence of micrograms per ml of the polyvalent blood group A-substance from hog stomach. Similarly, all anti-HPL antibodies were prevented from binding if non-inhibitory concentrations of A-substance were supplemented with GalNAc. Lectins from Helix aspersa (HAL) and Helix lucorum (HLL) differed from HPL in antigenic properties. Only one anti-HPL antibody each bound these lectins as well as HPL. Binding of lectins of Cepaea and Rapana was scarcely detectable. Most of the anti-HPL antibodies and the multivalent HPL antigens formed precipitation lines in double diffusion tests. At least two antibodies (IgMs) did so with HLL but none with HAL. The possibility that antibodies were selected because of unknown interactions between HPL and the carbohydrate moieties of certain fractions of antibodies was excluded by raising the antibodies in the presence of tunicamycin to inhibit N-glycosylation. PMID- 3923728 TI - [Case of Recklinghausen's disease]. PMID- 3923729 TI - Colorimetric determination of ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid in foods. AB - A simple colorimetric method is described for the determination of ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid (EDTA) in three kinds of foods. The samples were homogenized with 0.1 N-NaOH, then subjected to equilibrium dialysis against 0.02 N-NaOH. EDTA in the dialyzate was converted into a Cu-EDTA complex by the addition of CuSO4. Afterwards, this solution was subjected to the determination of both free and total (free plus complexed) copper ion. EDTA was calculated from the difference between the absorbances (477 nm) obtained with free and total copper ions. Analyses of mayonnaise, dressings and canned mushroom samples with EDTA added at the 1-mM level showed a recovery of greater than 98%. PMID- 3923730 TI - Diaphragmatic hernia in neonate. AB - During the last four years, we treated 41 infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia with an overall survival rate of 68%. All infants presenting after the first day of life survived and the survival rate of neonates treated during the first day of life was 63%. The infants could be classified into two groups. In the first group infants did not have severe respiratory distress and had small diaphragmatic defects which were easily repaired with a survival rate of 95%. Neonates in the second group had severe respiratory distress or large lesions which were difficult to repair and a survival rate of only 30%. PMID- 3923731 TI - Immunodiffusion and lipid analyses in the classification of "Mycobacterium album" and the "aurantiaca" taxon. AB - Comparative immunodiffusion studies were performed on representative strains of "Mycobacterium album", the "aurantiaca" taxon and an "aurantiaca"-like group of actinomycetes, using reference systems representing 25 taxa assigned to the genera Arthrobacter, Corynebacterium, Kurthia, Mycobacterium, Nocardia, Rhodococcus, Streptomyces and the "aurantiaca" taxon. Thin-layer chromatographic analyses of whole-organism methanolysates were carried out on single strains of "Mycobacterium album" and the "aurantiaca"-like taxon. Both the distribution of precipitinogens and the type of mycolic acids determined showed that the "Mycobacterium album" and "aurantiaca" strains were closely related to one another, but not to the "aurantiaca"-like strains. The aggregate "aurantiaca" taxon, containing "Mycobacterium album" and the "aurantiaca" taxon, can be distinguished from the established mycolic-acid containing taxa, Corynebacterium, Mycobacterium, Nocardia and Rhodococcus, using both serological and lipid data. Further studies on additional strains are needed to determine whether the aggregate "aurantiaca" taxon merits generic status. PMID- 3923732 TI - Influence of different immunoglobulin G preparations on phagocytosis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by polymorphonuclear granulocytes. AB - Commercially available immunoglobulin products suitable for intravenous application in humans are made by enzymatic or chemical modification of the IgG molecule. In order to examine, to which extent in vitro biologic functions of the IgG molecule are preserved in such preparations, specific antipseudomonal IgG from the rabbit was modified according to some of these procedures. The opsonizing activity of the different IgG preparations was evaluated in an in vitro system measuring the phagocytosis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by rabbit granulocytes. The results demonstrated that the product Fab/Fc, which is made by papain or plasmin degradation of the IgG molecule, was still able to enhance phagocytosis but not to activate complement. The smaller papain- or plasmin derived fragments Fab and Fc had no opsonizing activity. The pepsin-derived product F(ab')2 which possesses a divalent antigen binding site but lacks the Fc part, only enhanced phagocytosis when complement concentrations of more than 20% were present in the phagocytic system. Since the F(ab')2 fragment is not able to interact with Fc receptors or to activate complement via the classical pathway, the phagocytosis-enhancing activity of this molecule must be attributed to alternative complement pathway activation. In contrast to the enzymatically derived IgG preparations, a newly developed S-sulphonated IgG product was as efficient as unmodified IgG both in Fc- and complement-mediated opsonization. PMID- 3923733 TI - Identification of actinomycetes isolated from cases of bovine farcy in the Sudan. AB - Thirteen isolates from the lymph nodes of cattle with bovine farcy were examined for biochemical and physiological properties known to differentiate Mycobacterium farcinogenes, Mycobacterium senegalense and Nocardia farcinica. Comparative immunodiffusion studies were performed on all of the test strains, and whole organism methanolysates from a single representative strain were examined by two dimensional thin-layer chromatography. The results of the biochemical, chemical, physiological and serological studies were all consistent with the assignment of the test strains to the genus Mycobacterium as Mycobacterium farcinogenes. The present study together with earlier ones support the hypothesis that M. farcinogenes and M. senegalense, but not N. farcinica, are the principal agents of bovine farcy. PMID- 3923734 TI - On the serology and immunobiology of listeriosis. VIII. Communication: antibody against Listeria monocytogenes in sheep without and after vaccination against listeriosis as measured by means of different serological methods. AB - 237 sheep of 4 flocks were tested in a field trial for humoral antibody against Listeria monocytogenes (L, m.) using one serum per animal. In addition, the kinetics of antibody response to vaccination against listeriosis was determined for 20 sheep, using comparatively the bacterial agglutination test, the growth test and the agglutination-immobilization test. Since low antibody were detected in a portion of animals, only, the possibly different degree of infection of animals could not be determined by the three methods employed. After primary and revaccination, a marked kinetics of antibody response resulting in titer decrease three months after vaccination could be detected by means of the agglutination immobilization test, only, which measured antibody of the IgG class against flagellar antigens. It is discussed whether the immune response to listeriosis infection and vaccination is primarily reflected by the reaction of the macrophage-T lymphocyte system. PMID- 3923735 TI - [Histometric studies of the genital tract of rabbits in the postpartum phase]. PMID- 3923736 TI - In vitro studies on ovulatory mechanisms in the hen. PMID- 3923737 TI - The effect of training and physical exercise on the energetic metabolism of equine erythrocytes. PMID- 3923738 TI - Electrocardiographical values in non-trained horses. PMID- 3923739 TI - [Shoulder joint dysplasia in the dachshund. 1. Clinical aspects and x-ray findings]. PMID- 3923740 TI - [Shoulder joint dysplasia in the dachshund. 2. Results of pathoanatomical and pathohistological study; conclusions for breed standards and breeding]. PMID- 3923741 TI - Craniofacial duplication (diprosopus) in the cat--case report and review of the literature. PMID- 3923742 TI - The toxic effect of intravenous application of the trypanocide isometamidium (Samorin). PMID- 3923743 TI - [Sleep deprivation as a method of treating endogenous depression]. AB - Forty-six patients with various forms of endogenous depression were treated by night sleep deprivation (NSD) which was used as the cardinal method of treatment. A single session of NSD induced a considerable clinical improvement lasting 2-3 days in the majority of patients. Repetition of the procedure (3-6 times with a 2 3 day interval) led to a significant and stable clinical improvement in 32 of the 46 patients. The highest effect of treatment was observed in such symptoms as depression and suicidal tendencies, whereas in patients with vital anxiety, the efficacy of NSD was considerably lower. Individuals with the duration of the phase under one month and the greatest reduction of the symptomatology after the recovery night showed the greatest response to the treatment. Favourable prognostic signs included such symptoms as psychomotor inhibition, lassitude and apathy, although the tempo of their reduction in the process of treatment considerably lagged behind improvement in the general mood, sleep and regress of autonomous disorders. Activation of the noradrenergic system is assumed to be one of the main mechanisms of NSD action. PMID- 3923744 TI - [Quantitative characteristics of cerebral blood flow and gas exchange in cerebral contusions]. AB - Statistical characteristics of blood flow and gas exchange parameters in patients with craniocerebral injury grouped in a different manner according to the severity of the contusion, the state of consciousness, and the general condition were obtained by electric computer processing of the results of studying hemispheric blood flow by means of 133Xe clearance in 86 cases, oxygen consumption by the brain in 36 cases, and carbon dioxide excretion by the brain by Van Slyke's method in 75 cases. A close correlation was revealed between the state of the patient's consciousness and the parameters of cerebral blood flow and gas exchange; compression in severe brain contusion was found to have a statistically significant effect on cerebral blood flow and gas exchange. PMID- 3923745 TI - Creativity in biology and in the human mind (manifestation of concepts). AB - The article is based on the widely held notion that creativity is a phenomenon studied in two branches of the science of life: psychology (in a wide sense) on one side, and evolutionary biology on the other. Therefore, an analysis of creativity of the mind should contribute to the solution of problems in biological evolution, problems which cannot be fully explained by the orthodox assumption of small steps of mutation and selection. This analysis is restricted to three classes of creativity, which are: a) organismal creativity, as exemplified by the creation of organs such as "eye" and "heart". b) mental scientific creativity, exemplified by Newton's notion of "gravity" between planets and stars. c) mental-technological creativity, exemplified by Gutenberg's invention of "printing by movable types". The analysis of these classes is based on concepts, which are interrelated structurally by means of propositions. Two types of propositions are distinguished: factual ones named "cognita", and hypothetical ones named "hypothetical episodes". A further basis of the analysis is the assumption that creativity consists of several phases, of which incubation and insight are the essential ones. In carrying out the analysis, the writer shows that incubation functions on two or three lines of thought, one of which can be expressed by factual cognita, and the other ones predominantly by hypothetical episodes. Those several lines are integrated by means of logical implication, by which insight into a novel concept is obtained. In a second method of analysis, the several lines of incubation are represented by networks. In this method, the novel concept is obtained by integrating the individual networks into a common structure. It is proved that the methods of analysis described above can be applied to all three classes of creativity definined previously. Drawing conclusions from the analysis, the writer points out that the organismal concepts were manifested in biological evolution many millions of years prior to the appearance of man and his brain on earth. The writer, therefore, argues that a great number of concepts are not a creation of man's mind, but are entities which pre-existed man and were manifested to him. Such concepts may be conceived as forming a time-independent "conceptual universe" external to the "material universe" of galaxies, stars and organisms. Thus, for example, the concept of an "eye" was manifested in biological evolution as the organ "eye" of many organisms. Much later, this concept was manifested to man, when he invented the optical camera.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3923747 TI - Immediate enteral feeding after abdominal surgery. AB - Enteral feeding by nasoenteral tube was begun immediately after surgery of the alimentary tract in 120 patients. In 37 cases the feeding was delivered proximally to a fresh anastomosis or enterotomy. Immediate enteral feeding was well tolerated even after major elective surgery of the gastrointestinal tract. The feeding promoted recovery of bowel function and evoked no major complications. Abdominal discomfort and diarrhea were the most common side effects. The response was less favorable after nonelective surgery associated with intraabdominal or systemic sepsis. PMID- 3923746 TI - On the probability of the emergence of a protein with a particular function. AB - Proteins with nearly the same structure and function (homologous proteins) are found in increasing numbers in phylogenetically different, even very distant taxa (e.g. hemoglobins in vertebrates, in some invertebrates, and even in certain plants). In discussing the origin of those proteins biologists hardly at all consider convergent evolution because the origin of proteins is held to be a random process, at least ultimately, since selection can work only what the random process delivers as having a minimum adaptive value. The repetition of a random process with the same result is considered to be extremely unlikely. The supposed (un)likelihood, however, is almost never determined quantitatively. This paper attempts such a quantitative determination. It appears that the probability for the random origin of a definite protein is greater than what one would expect in view of the enormous number of equally possible nucleotide sequences in the corresponding gene since what is equally possible is not always equally likely. The probability, however, of the convergent evolution of two proteins with approximately the same structure and function is too low to be plausible, even when all possible circumstances are present which seem to heighten the likelihood of such a convergence. If this is so, then the plausibility of a random evolution of two or more different but functionally related proteins seems hardly greater. PMID- 3923748 TI - Influence of extradural blockade on serum thyroid hormone concentrations after surgery. AB - To study the changes in thyroid hormone metabolism after surgery, the influence of neurogenic blockade by extradural local anaesthetics, and possible hormonal interactions, 16 women undergoing cholecystectomy were randomly allocated to two groups of eight each. All patients received general anaesthesia and in addition one group received extradural blockade for 24 h. Preoperatively and at 2, 4, 6, 12 and 24 h after skin incision arterial serum concentrations of thyroid hormones (T3, free T3, rT3, T4, free T4 and TSH), catecholamines (adrenaline and noradrenaline), cortisol and serum proteins (albumin, prealbumin and TBG) were determined. In both groups total T3, free T3, total T4 and TSH decreased significantly whereas free T4 was unchanged and rT3 increased. No differences between the extradural group and the controls regarding thyroid hormones were observed, in spite of suppressed catecholamine and cortisol concentrations in the extradural group as compared to the control group. All serum thyroid hormone binding proteins decreased significantly in both groups. Changes in thyroid hormone metabolism after surgery seem independent of neurogenic blockade by extradural local anaesthetics, and of plasma catecholamine and cortisol concentrations. PMID- 3923749 TI - An improved method for electron microscopic observation of cerebrospinal fluid cells. AB - Human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cells were entrapped between two bovine serum albumin cylinders linked by glutaraldehyde using microhematocrit tubes. The "sandwiched" specimen could be processed in further preparatory steps like tissue for routine electron microscopy. This rapid procedure resulted in adequate cell preservation for transmission electron microscopy without substantial loss of CSF cells. PMID- 3923750 TI - Involvement of complement in atopic dermatitis. AB - There is little information about the role of complement in atopic dermatitis (AD). We studied the levels of both normal complement components and activation products in peripheral blood of patients with mild to intermediate disease. 35 patients had not received systemic or topical steroid therapy 6 weeks prior to blood collection. C3, C4 and C1 INA were determined in serum by radioimmunodiffusion. C3a and C5a levels were measured in EDTA plasma by radioimmunoassay. Compared to healthy non-atopic controls C3, C4 and C1 INA were found to be increased significantly. There was a tendency towards increased C3a levels but the difference was not significant. No measurable amounts of C5a were detected. Elevations of C3a were correlated with elevated levels of C3. The results suggest that the complement system participates in the inflammatory process in AD. PMID- 3923751 TI - Ketoalkalosis as a result of triple derangement of acid-base equilibrium in a diabetic patient. AB - A diabetic patient presented with weight loss, ketosis, and hyperventilation, thus mimicking the clinical picture of diabetic ketoacidosis. Laboratory investigations revealed alkalemia and a pattern consistent with a triple derangement of acid-base equilibrium: respiratory alkalosis, metabolic acidosis and metabolic alkalosis. High cortisol level suggested a genesis of ketosis different from diabetes mellitus. The patient died suddenly from acute gastrointestinal bleeding. Autopsy showed a carcinoma of the head of the pancreas with secondary portal hypertension and rupture of varices. Pulmonary micrometastases were demonstrated. It is suggested that stress hormones were the main cause of the 'ketoalkalotic' pattern observed. PMID- 3923752 TI - Serum gonadotrophin pulsatile secretion in men with Prl-secreting and non secreting pituitary tumours. AB - In order to investigate the possible influence of prolactin (Prl) at the hypothalamic level, serum LH and FSH pulsatility was studied in 16 male patients with prolactinomas, normally LH responders to GnRH (group A): 8 of them were untreated (group A1) and 8 had undergone previous unsuccessful pituitary treatments (group A2). In 7 patients the study was repeated when serum Prl was normalized by bromocriptine treatment (group B). For comparison the secretory pattern of LH and FSH was studied in 6 male patients with non-secreting pituitary tumours (group C). All parameters of LH pulsatile secretion (i.e. arithmetic mean of the single concentration, coefficient of variation from the mean value, frequency of peaks, amplitude of pulses expressed as either absolute or per cent value) were significantly lower in patients of groups A1, A2 and C than in normal subjects and no difference was found between the three groups. Furthermore the 7 patients with prolactinomas studied both before and after bromocriptine-induced Prl normalization showed no difference in all the parameters of LH pulsatility in both conditions. No significant abnormalities of FSH secretory pattern were found in the patients of groups A1, A2, B and C in comparison to normal subjects. In all groups of patients mean serum testosterone basal levels were significantly lower than in normals, while the mean oestradiol-17 beta basal concentration was normal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3923753 TI - Plasma growth hormone and thyroxine levels in the chronically catheterised pig foetus and the effect of thyrotrophin releasing hormone. AB - The circulating levels of growth hormone and thyroxine during the last 2 weeks of gestation, and the effect of thyrotrophin releasing hormone on their secretion, has been examined in 13 chronically catheterised pig foetuses. Porcine growth hormone, measured by homologous radioimmunoassay, in the foetal plasma was found to average 83.5 +/- 10.3 ng/ml, while thyroxine levels were 92.9 +/- 4.1 nmol/l. There was no change in thyroxine or growth hormone levels with gestational age. Injection of 5 micrograms TRH produced a marked increase in plasma growth hormone levels (+194 +/- 51 ng/ml) but no change in thyroxine was observed. Injection of saline and subsequent blood sampling had no effect on the levels of either growth hormone or thyroxine. PMID- 3923754 TI - Serum growth hormone in patients with carcinoid tumours; basal levels and response to glucose and thyrotrophin releasing hormone. AB - The regulation of serum growth hormone was studied in 33 consecutive patients with carcinoid tumours; both diurnal serum GH and GH responses to an i.v. glucose load and TRH were assessed. Seventeen of the patients (52%) showed disturbed regulation of serum GH and 10 had at least two abnormal tests. Four patients had clinically overt acromegaly. The diurnal mean serum GH levels were higher (P less than 0.001) in patients with carcinoid tumours than in control subjects and more than one third (41%) had levels in a range similar to that of acromegalic patients without carcinoid tumours. The disturbance in serum GH regulation might have been caused in some patient by tumour secreted growth hormone releasing factor(s) which act directly on pituitary somatotrophs, but other tumour-related non-specific stimulation must be considered. Carcinoid tumours should be considered in the aetiology of acromegaly. PMID- 3923755 TI - Effects of thyrotrophin-releasing hormone on plasma catecholamine levels in acromegalics. AB - Plasma catecholamines assayed by a double isotope radio enzymatic method were studied in the basal state and during a thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH)-test in 7 acromegalics, divided into 2 groups: active and non-active acromegalics, according to clinical and biological criteria. Basal plasma norepinephrine levels were significantly increased in the active group 648 +/- 22 pg/ml (P less than 0.001) and were in the normal range in the non-active group 439 +/- 26 pg/ml. Basal plasma epinephrine values were not significantly different in the 2 groups 59 +/- 15 pg/ml vs 34 +/- 7 pg/ml. During a TRH-test, norepinephrine levels remained elevated (P less than 0.001) in the active group, and the difference between the 2 groups was enhanced during the test. On the other hand the 2 patients who responded to TRH demonstrated an increase of norepinephrine levels. Our results suggest that TRH may stimulate norepinephrine release in acromegalics with an active response to TRH. PMID- 3923756 TI - Gonadotrophins and ovarian steroids in cattle. III. Pulsatile changes of gonadotrophin concentrations in the jugular vein post partum. AB - Pulsatile LH and FSH release from the pituitary gland of 8 post-partum dairy cows was assessed in series of frequent bleedings (every 20 min for 12 h) performed in about weekly intervals from day 4 through day 32 post partum (pp). The frequency of short-term secretion of LH increased during individually varying time periods (1.5-5 weeks) from about 1 pulse/4 h to about 1 pulse/1.25 h prior to the re establishment of luteal function. FSH pulses (average frequency 1 pulse/2 h) were always released concomitantly with LH, but extra FSH pulses occurred in between. Interpulse intervals of LH and FSH (80 +/- 4 vs 82 +/- 7 min) merged prior to the resumption of cyclicity. LH and FSH pulse frequencies remained slightly slower during this first periovulatory period pp than during pro-oestrus and oestrus of regular cycles; also, with one exception, no visible signs of oestrus were expressed. Despite low progesterone concentrations during the first luteal phase there was strong negative feedback mainly on LH, thus considerably prolonging the intervals between consecutive LH pulses (up to 620 min) whereas FSH release remained much faster (up to 270 min interpulse interval). LH interpulse intervals tended to be longer during short compared to normal length cycles post partum (420 +/- 107 vs 285 +/- 51 min) in the presence of only slightly altered FSH release (154 +/- 37 vs 107 +/- 7 min).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3923757 TI - Gonadotrophins and ovarian steroids in cattle. IV. Re-establishment of the stimulatory feedback action of oestradiol-17 beta on LH and FSH. AB - The re-establishment of the positive feedback action of oestradiol-17 beta on both gonadotrophins was assessed in 20 dairy cows receiving three challenges once every 20 days from parturition through day 55 post partum (pp). One mg oestradiol 17 beta-benzoate dissolved in 5 ml oil was given im every 5 days to groups of 5 cows each. Blood was collected from the jugular vein every 3-12 h from 2 days before until 2 days after the injection. No effect of oestradiol-17 beta on the LH release was exerted at parturition or day 5 pp. A stimulation of LH release started to occur in the majority of cows by day 10 pp. Two types of preovulatory like surges could be elicited: low magnitude LH releases lacking any concomitant FSH increase and parallel high magnitude LH and FSH surges. No cow expressed heat when exhibiting a weak LH surge before day 30 pp and only 30% thereafter. All cows showed oestrus when exhibiting parallel high magnitude LH/FSH surges after day 20 pp but only 40% on days 10 and 15 pp. Progesterone concentrations greater than 0.5 ng/ml prevented the positive feedback action of oestradiol on LH and FSH. An initial negative feedback on FSH was exerted throughout the entire post partum period comprising the luteal phase. We conclude from these results that a certain minimum threshold frequency of endogenous LH secretion is necessary to allow oestradiol-17 beta to evoke its unimpaired stimulatory feedback action after an initial period of pituitary refractoriness during the early puerperal anoestrus and acyclic period. PMID- 3923758 TI - Genetics and clinical significance of thyroxine binding globulin deficiency, an analysis of seven families. AB - Seven families, ascertained through probands with undetectable levels of thyroxine binding globulin (TBG) were studied from clinical and genetic points of view. The blood levels of TBG, thyroxine binding prealbumin (TBPA), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), triiodothyronine (T3), and thyroxine (T4) were determined in altogether 128 family members. The concentration of free thyroxine (FT4) was calculated from the concentrations of T4, TBG and TBPA. Only men (n = 15) were found to have total TBG deficiency. Their TSH levels were within normal range and they did not show any clinical symptoms of thyroid dysfunction. The mothers and daughters of the affected men had significantly lower TBG levels than control women. Segregation analysis performed on 46 nuclear families showed significant evidence for an X-linked additive mode of transmission and an additional multifactorial component with heritability 0.47. PMID- 3923760 TI - Aplastic anemia: assessment of myeloid progenitor cells in the bone marrow and blood provides prognostic information. AB - 15 patients with aplastic anemia were prospectively followed after having measurements of myeloid progenitor cells in bone marrow and blood. Treatment included androgens, low or high dose steroids and standardized supportive care. The median length of survival was 5.8 months. When patients were grouped according to the numbers of myeloid progenitor cells present in their blood and bone marrow, we found that the survival length of aplastic patients with higher progenitor cell numbers was prolonged when compared to that of patients with lower numbers of these cells. The prognostic information obtained from such in vitro cultures was particularly indicative when the patients were grouped according to 'growth' and 'no growth': the absence of colony-forming myeloid stem cells was associated with survival times significantly shorter than those of patients whose cells maintained their colony-forming capacity. Besides initial numbers of myeloid progenitor cells, only initial numbers of granulocytes were related to survival length. Thus, the measurement of myeloid progenitor cells in bone marrow and blood can be of prognostic value in patients with aplastic anemia. PMID- 3923759 TI - A case of IgM lambda pyroglobulinemia caused by lymphoma probably of ovarian origin. PMID- 3923761 TI - Results of therapy in adult acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia: experience in Jerusalem, Israel, during 1975-1982. AB - 78 previously untreated patients (aged 16-82 years) with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia received intensive chemotherapy for induction of remission. In 64 patients, the combination used consisted of daunomycin and cytosine arabinoside with or without 6-thioguanine. The overall remission rate was 59 and 87% for those who received what was considered as adequate therapy. Patients who achieved remission received maintenance and, in part, late intensification. The median duration of remission was 9 months. The median survival of the patients who attained remission was 24 months, compared to 15 months for the entire patient group and 3 months for patients who failed to achieve remission. Age had no effect on the rate and duration of the remission obtained but the median survival was significantly longer in patients below the age of 50 years. PMID- 3923762 TI - Hemoglobin content of single erythrocytes from fetuses with parents having heterozygous beta-thalassemia. AB - The hemoglobin content of single erythrocytes was determined by microspectrophotometry as total extinction (TE) at 415 nm in subjects with a wide spectrum of hemoglobin levels and erythrocyte indices. Precise measurements of the cellular area (A) and the ratio TE/A were also recorded. A significant correlation was found between TE and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), A and mean corpuscular volume, and TE/A and mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) for the cases studied. In addition, TE, A and TE/A were determined in fetal erythrocytes obtained by fetoscopy at the 20th week of gestation for prenatal diagnosis of beta-thalassemia. The mean red cell TE and TE/A of the group of fetuses diagnosed to have thalassemia major were significantly lower than those of the group of normal controls and with heterozygous beta-thalassemia. The significant differences of TE, A and TE/A between maternal and fetal blood allowed a safe distinction of the latter. The calculated MCH of the fetuses with thalassemia major was 12% less than that of the normal controls; the respective difference of the mean cell size was 5% and that of MCHC 3% lower than normal. PMID- 3923763 TI - Young red cell preparation--a comparison of available methods. AB - Four possible methods of preparing young red cells (YRBC) which exploit the relationship between red cell ageing and density are compared. Of these, two cell separators and the IBM cell washer are shown to be capable of producing YRBC suitable for clinical use. YRBC prepared from the IBM 2991 cell washer are recommended for clinical trials because of lower cost, greater convenience and lower white cell contamination compared to cell separator-derived YRBC. PMID- 3923764 TI - Where does phosphoglycolate come from in red cells? AB - The hypothesis that human red cells contain activity of ribulose-1,5-diphosphate (Ru-1,5-P2) oxygenase, an enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of phosphoglycolate, was examined. The putative Ru-1,5-P2 oxygenase was partially purified from human red cells using DE-52 chromatography and (NH4)2SO4 fractionation by monitoring Ru-1,5-P2-dependent 3-phosphoglycerate formation. The synthesis of [32P]phosphoglycolate from [1-32P]Ru-1,5-P2 was attempted in the presence of the partially purified preparation of the provisional Ru-1,5-P2 oxygenase. There was no formation of radioactive phosphoglycolate even under 100% oxygen gas, indicating the absence of this enzyme activity in human red cells. Together with our previous report that glycolate kinase in human red cells is not responsible for the synthesis of phosphoglycolate in vivo, these studies raise the questions whether there is actually phosphoglycolate in red cells as well as whether novel pathways for its synthesis exist. PMID- 3923765 TI - Factor X Padua: a 'new' congenital factor X abnormality with a defect only in the extrinsic system. AB - A family with a new factor X defect is reported. The proposita is a 56-year-old female. She is asymptomatic and no consanguinity is present between the parents. The main features of the defect are: prolongation of prothrombin time and derivative tests but normal partial thromboplastin time. Factor X was found to be low (about 25-30% of normal) only if tissue thromboplastins were used in the assay system. Chromogenic substrate S-2222 also yielded decreased factor X levels. However, factor X activity was normal with cephalin and cephalin-RVV mixture. Factor X antigen was normal in three immunological systems (electroimmunoassay, an Elisa method and laser nephelometry). Crossed immunoelectrophoresis and antigen-antibody kinetics recorded in a laser nephelometer failed to show major differences from normal factor X. Both sons of the proposita, the father and other family members showed slightly decreased factor X levels and normal factor X antigen and were considered heterozygous for the abnormality. The toponym factor X Padua is proposed to indicate this peculiar abnormality. PMID- 3923766 TI - Angio-immunoblastic lymphadenopathy with hypogammaglobulinaemia complicated by miliary tuberculosis. AB - Angio-immunoblastic lymphadenopathy is a systemic disease of unknown aetiology. It carries a high mortality mainly from infection which results both from the intrinsic immunodeficiency and its exacerbation by treatment with steroids and or cytotoxics. We report a case of angio-immunoblastic lymphadenopathy with the unusual feature of hypogammaglobulinaemia who died of miliary tuberculosis. We suggest that all patients with angio-immunoblastic lymphadenopathy who have inactive tuberculous foci should be given antituberculous prophylaxis. PMID- 3923767 TI - Idiopathic myelofibrosis complicated by lymphoma. Report of two cases. AB - 2 cases of diffuse large-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma developing in conjunction with idiopathic myelofibrosis are described. In neither case could any predisposition to neoplastic transformation be discerned. The possible pathogenetic implications of this association are discussed, and a brief literature review of the relationship between myeloproliferative and lymphoproliferative disease is presented. PMID- 3923768 TI - Indomethacin-related serum sickness-like illness with IgM lambda cryoparaprotein? AB - A unique association of a transient IgM lambda monoclonal gammopathy and a serum sickness-like illness, appearing after a short course of indomethacin, is described. The IgM lambda monoclone did cryoprecipitate along with fibronectin in hypotonic medium and disappeared with the resolution of the clinical picture. Emphasis is given to the role of some foreign antigens in the induction of benign monoclones. PMID- 3923769 TI - Cellular abnormalities and reduced colony-forming cells in chronic neutrophilic leukaemia. AB - A case of chronic neutrophilic leukaemia with a 4-year survival is reported. The platelet function is abnormal due to a deficiency of storage pool adenine nucleotides. Neutrophils have a paucity of azurophil and specific granules. Circulating and bone marrow colony-forming cells are markedly reduced. PMID- 3923770 TI - Hemoglobin Hofu associated with beta 0-thalassemia. AB - A mild anemia (hemoglobin 9 g/dl) was found in a patient from Seville (Spain) with marked morphological abnormalities in the peripheral blood smear. The red cell osmotic fragility showed a mild resistance curve with a mean cell fragility (MCF) of 0.375% NaCl (normal = 0.450). Chemical Chemical and thermal instability test and search for inclusion bodies gave positive results. Hemoglobin electrophoresis at pH 8.9 revealed absence of Hb A, a major component of fast mobility (94%), and increased Hb F and Hb A2 levels (1.5% and 4.6%, respectively). The fast fraction, isolated and purified by means of cellulose acetate electrophoresis, precipitated in acid acetone and treated with urea 8 M and mercaptoethanol, revealed an anomalous beta chain. Trypsin-digested globin peptides were separated by high-voltage electrophoresis at pH 6.4 and ascendant chromatography. With differential staining, an extra peptide was detected in an unusual site, more anodic than alpha Tp4 but in lower position. Peptide map of the fast beta chain, stained with ninhydrin, and also for Tyr, confirmed the position of the new peptide and the absence of the usual beta Tp13. The new peptide, separated by high-voltage electrophoresis at pH 3.5, revealed absence of Val and the presence of an additional Glu residue, which should appear only in position beta 126. The diagnosis of Hb Hofu (alpha 2 beta 2 126 Val----Glu; H4) was reached, thus interpreting its increase and the absence of Hb A, as an association with beta o-thalassemia, producing a mild hemolytic anemia. Evidence was obtained that Hb Hofu is a mild unstable hemoglobin variant. PMID- 3923771 TI - Acute hemolytic anemia caused by severe hypophosphatemia in diabetic ketoacidosis. AB - Hypophosphatemia in diabetic ketoacidosis is well recognized, but is believed to be usually of moderate severity. We describe 2 patients in whom acute hemolytic anemia secondary to severe (0.19-0.35 mmol/l) hypophosphatemia has developed 1-2 days following treatment for diabetic ketoacidosis. Our experience indicates that severe hypophosphatemia requiring phosphate supplementation does occur in diabetic patients, and calls for increased awareness for the clinical and laboratory manifestations of this complication of diabetic ketoacidosis. PMID- 3923772 TI - T lymphocyte study in sickle cell anaemia by means of rosetting techniques. PMID- 3923773 TI - Aplastic anaemia: residue analysis of chlorinated hydrocarbons in human bone marrow biopsy specimens by high resolution gas chromatography. AB - In a first small study the chlorinated hydrocarbons present in the bone marrow of haematologically normal persons and of 6 randomly selected patients with severe aplastic anaemia have been identified and quantified by glass-capillary gas chromatography. We found great interindividual differences in the concentrations of these compounds both within the control group and within the patient group, but no definite difference between the two groups. So far, we have been unable to detect known toxic concentrations of chlorinated hydrocarbons in any of our samples, which could have supported the idea of a deficiency in the metabolism of these chemicals in some patients with aplastic anaemia. PMID- 3923774 TI - Unusual features of brucellosis complicating beta thalassaemia major. PMID- 3923775 TI - Idiopathic haemochromatosis and eye symptoms. A case report. AB - A 61-year-old man with idiopathic haemochromatosis and eye symptoms is described. The examination showed microaneurysms scattered over the bulbar conjunctiva, and some discrete pigmentations in the superficial tissue in the perilimbal area. Each cornea revealed a light brown, ellipsoid opacity with the longest diameter horizontally, seemingly being located in the corneal epithelium and/or the anterior part of the stroma. A corneal biopsy was examined by light and electron microscopy. Two different types of granules were found mainly located to the Bowman's membrane. X-ray microanalysis showed no detectable amounts of iron, but high concentrations of phosphorus and calcium, and in addition magnesium in one type of the granules. Treatment with EDTA improved the vision considerably. PMID- 3923776 TI - Evaluation of a transcutaneous oxygen and carbon dioxide monitor in a neonatal intensive care department. AB - Transcutaneous-PO2 (tc-PO2 (tc-PCO2) at 44 degrees C and transcutaneous-PCO2) at 38, 42, 43 and 44 degrees C were measured with a currently available monitoring system (TCM222, Radiometer, Copenhagen) in 64 newborn infants with severe respiratory insufficiency during the first five days of life. Tc-PCO2 at all four temperatures correlated better with arterial blood-PCO2 (aB-PCO2), than tc-PO2 with aB-PO2. However, the sensitivity and specificity of tc-PO2 and tc-PCO2 were similar with regard to maintaining aB-PO2 and aB-PCO2 within specified limits. Tc PCO2 increased relatively with increasing electrode temperature by a factor which was similar to the anaerobic temperature coefficient of PCO2 in blood. The coefficient of variation of duplicate measurements was 10% for tc-PO2 and 5% for tc-PCO2. Electrode drift after an average of 3 hours patient monitoring was 2% +/ 6% (1 SD) for tc-PO2 and -3% +/- 6% for tc-PCO2. We conclude that tc-PO2 and tc PCO2 are a valuable supplement to arterial blood gas measurements, but the variable correlation with arterial blood gas values and the electrode drifts which may occur, mean that they cannot fully replace arterial sampling. PMID- 3923777 TI - Evaluation of treatment in typical absence seizures. The roles of long-term EEG monitoring and ethosuximide. AB - Eleven children with typical absence seizures were studied clinically and by repeated 24-h EEGs with portable cassette tape recorder before and during anticonvulsant treatment. The history, the observation of seizures and the amount of spike-and-wave activity (episodes greater than 3 sec) were studied in relation to the plasma levels. The EEG revealed spike-and-wave episodes, considered as seizures, in a higher frequency than the number of absences reported by the parents. Twenty-four hour EEG recording was however not superior to long term observation by relatives in establishing freedom from absences. The drug primary used was ethosuximide. Eight of eleven children responded completely on this drug, i.e. no absences observed and EEG was normalized. Of two children in whom the therapy was changed to sodium valproate, one responded completely and one partly. The relation between the ethosuximide dosage given and the plasma concentration level was good. Two cases responded at low plasma levels (less than 200 mumol/l). Tonic-clonic seizures occurred in 3/11 children. PMID- 3923778 TI - Psychological factors in cost-benefit analysis of somatic prevention. A study of the psychological effects of neonatal screening for alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency. AB - Nation-wide neonatal screening for alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency (ATD) in Sweden was discontinued due to observations that identification of ATD in newborns seemed in some cases to have negative psychological effects on the parents and the parent-child relationship. A multifaceted study was developed to investigate systematically the psychological and psychosocial consequences of the identification of ATD in the neonatal period, as studied five to seven years after it took place. The study's basic goals, hypotheses, design, samples and methods are described. PMID- 3923779 TI - Tay-Sachs disease associated with precocious puberty. AB - A girl with Tay-Sachs disease developed enlargement of the mammary glands at the age of 4 years and menstruation at the age of 6 years. It was demonstrated that the precocious puberty in this patient was due to the hypersecretion of gonadotropins. PMID- 3923780 TI - An immunocytochemical study on secretory mechanism of IgA in human pancreas. AB - To analyze the secretory mechanism of immunoglobulins into pancreatic secretion, pancreatic juice IgA was measured by single radial immunodiffusion and characterized immunochemically, and immunoglobulins, J chain and secretory component (SC) were localized immunocytochemically in pancreatic tissues by the peroxidase-labeled antibody method. The concentration of IgA was 0.0225 mg/ml with a range of 0.010 to 0.049. IgA associated with SC was demonstrated immunochemically in three cases. IgA, SC and J chain were demonstrated immunocytochemically in the pancreatic duct epithelium with the features characteristic of endocytic, SC-mediated transfer of IgA. The results of the present study suggested that transfer of IgA linked by J chain and SC across ductal epithelial cells, but not acinar cells occurred in human pancreas. PMID- 3923781 TI - Augmentation of anti-tumor activity by immunization with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Tbc) and tuberculin-coupled tumor cells. AB - The anti-tumor effect of immunization with heat-killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Tbc) and Tuberculin (PPD)-coupled syngeneic tumor cells was examined in vivo. Three tumor cell lines were employed. Immunization of Tbc-primed BALB/c mice with PPD-coupled syngeneic Meth-A tumor cells displayed a potent anti-tumor effect on viable Meth-A cells inoculated subcutaneously. Neither PPD-coupled LLC (Lewis Lung Carcinoma) cells nor sonicated PPD-coupled Meth-A cells were capable of immunizing these mice. PPD-coupled syngeneic whole tumor cells were indispensable for induction of this tumor-specific resistance. Immunization of Tbc-primed C3H/He mice with PPD-coupled syngeneic MH134 tumor cells did not elicit anti tumor activity against MH134, but additional pretreatment of mice with cyclophosphamide brought on an anti-tumor effect. Antimetastatic reactivity was investigated in C57BL/6 mice bearing LLC, with a reduction in metastases noted. This antimetastatic effect was observed even when the mice were immunized with PPD-coupled LLC cells three days after removal of the initial tumor. Immunization with Tbc and PPD-coupled Meth-A cells together with intraperitoneal administration of murine or rat interleukin 2 (IL 2) further augmented anti-Meth A resistance. Murine IL 2 further inhibited tumor growth during the early stage, while rat IL 2 showed an anti-tumor effect throughout the course of tumor growth. PMID- 3923782 TI - Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) toward human O+ red cells coated with anti-D antibody: comparison between lymphocyte and monocyte ADCC activity. AB - We investigated the antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) of lymphocytes and monocytes toward human O+ red cells coated with anti-D antibody using a 51Cr release assay. Lysis of sensitized red cells by lymphocytes occurred rapidly, but monocyte-mediated lysis occurred slowly. This difference might be due to postphagocytic 51Cr release by monocytes. ADCC of lymphocytes increased in proportion to the effector cell number, but large amounts of antibodies were required. In contrast, ADCC of monocytes was independent of the effector/target ratio and very small amounts of antibodies could produce red cell lysis. Large amounts of fluid phase IgG were required to inhibit the lymphocyte ADCC, whereas the monocyte ADCC was markedly inhibited by small amounts of IgG. Monocyte mediated lysis was completely inhibited by the addition of 10% human AB serum, but lymphocyte-mediated lysis was only slightly inhibited. Purified IgG1 and IgG3 were much more inhibitory to the lysis by both effectors than IgG2 and IgG4 (IgG2 greater than IgG4). Erythrophagocytosis also was inhibited by IgG1 and IgG3. These studies demonstrate that lymphocytes as well as monocytes can cause the lysis of antibody sensitized red cells, and IgG1 and IgG3 subclasses are more important than IgG2 and IgG4 in causing lysis of anti-D coated red cells. PMID- 3923783 TI - Efficacy of different forms of nitrates in angina pectoris. AB - Nitroglycerin has maintained its position in the treatment of angina pectoris for more than a century. Efficacy of oral nitrates has been established and compares well with that of other anti-anginal drugs. New delivery systems are being developed for sustained systemic nitrate action. Beneficial action of nitrates in congestive heart failure and their crucial role in unstable angina and acute myocardial infarction has further widened their therapeutic use. A plausible hypothesis of the mechanism of nitrate-induced vasodilation has been presented, involving production of nitrosothiols and activation of guanylate cyclase in the vascular smooth muscle. Recent developments suggest that the rate degradation of nitrates and formation of nitrosothiols in the vascular smooth muscle are linked, offering an explanation to the relatively rapidly developing, but partial vascular tolerance during high-dose nitrate therapy. PMID- 3923785 TI - Geriatric medicine--the style of practice. AB - The three main styles of geriatric practice in the UK at present are: combined acute and rehabilitation with separate long-stay wards (37.5%), separate acute, rehabilitation and long-stay wards (24.4%) and combined acute, rehabilitation and long-stay wards (21.1%). The first of these has the highest bed/population ratio, the second the highest discharge rate per bed and per population and the third has the highest consultant/bed ratio. There is some relationship between style of practice and geographical characteristics of the area. The numbers of specialist units (ortho-geriatrics etc.) are also described. PMID- 3923784 TI - Angina pectoris with normal coronary arteries. PMID- 3923786 TI - ABO and Rhesus blood groups in Alzheimer's disease. AB - ABO and rhesus (Rh) blood groups were examined in 124 patients with presenile dementia of the Alzheimer type (PDAT) and senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (SDAT), and their distribution was compared with controls. No significant associations between these blood groups and Alzheimer's disease (AD) were found after statistical correction for multiple comparisons. PMID- 3923787 TI - Comparative study of etidronate and SR 41319, a new diphosphonate, on passive cutaneous anaphylaxis and phospholipase A2 activity. AB - Diphosphonates are known to affect calcium metabolism. It was therefore felt of interest to investigate the effects of SR 41319, a new Diphosphonate, comparatively to Etidronate disodium (EHDP) on Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis (PCA) and on Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity which are both mediated by calcium dependent mechanisms. Results showed that: (1) intravenously, SR 41319 induced a dose-dependent inhibition of PCA more pronounced than the EHDP one; (2) in PLA2 assay, marked inhibition was obtained with SR 41319 whereas EHDP was slightly active. Decrease in Ca entry into mast cells and anti-PLA2 activity of SR 41319 might partly explain the SR 41319 inhibition of PCA. PMID- 3923788 TI - Actions of disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) on human skin responses to histamine, codeine and Paf-acether. PMID- 3923789 TI - Interactions of a variety of lipoxygenase inhibitors with a supplementary binding site on soybean lipoxygenase. AB - Studies on the combined effects of a variety of lipoxygenase inhibitors and cyclo oxygenase inhibitors revealed strong evidence for the existence of supplementary binding sites on lipoxygenases which modify the reactions of inhibitors with the catalytic site of the enzyme. Independent of their low or non-existent inhibitory reaction at the catalytic site, compounds which interact more effectively with this putative supplementary site are capable of blunting the inhibitory efficacy of potent lipoxygenase inhibitors. Although the degree of interaction with the catalytic site determines the potency of inhibitors, an additional reaction at the supplementary site is also obligatory for inhibitory efficacy. We found that potent lipoxygenase inhibitors possess high affinities for both sites, whereas weak inhibitors and suitable cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors interact predominantly with the supplementary site on the lipoxygenase and possess low or negligible affinities for its catalytic site. PMID- 3923790 TI - [Experimentally induced diabetic retinal microangiopathy and polyol pathway. II. Effect of aldose reductase inhibitors on microangiopathy]. PMID- 3923791 TI - Evaluation of myelographic contrast-medium tolerance with psychometric testing. AB - Clinical tolerance to the myelographic contrast media metrizamide and iopamidol was evaluated in 26 and 30 patients, respectively, with a battery of neuropsychologic tests before and after myelography in a randomized, double-blind prospective study. Twenty hospitalized patients with chronic back pain were also studied before and after computed tomography to serve as controls relative to the groups administered contrast agents. Measures of conceptual reasoning and affect were sensitive tests of adverse reactions. These paralleled the incidence of somatic reactions and correlated with the dose of contrast medium. Methodologic problems included varying intervals between myelography and psychometric evaluation among subjects and use of a less-than-ideal control group. Neuropsychologic tests appear to be sensitive for detection of subtle adverse reactions and possibly predictive of their occurrence. Iopamidol was tolerated better than metrizamide, with somatic side effects occurring in 38% of patients receiving metrizamide and in 17% of patients receiving iopamidol. PMID- 3923792 TI - Myelography with iohexol (Omnipaque): review of 300 cases. AB - The side effects of iohexol were evaluated in the 300 patients who had nonemergency myelography over a 9 month period. No patients studied with myelography were excluded from the iohexol trial. Age range was 14-86 years. Introduction was by lumbar puncture in 206 patients and by lateral C1-C2 injection in 94. Side effects, including discomfort, were denied by 81.3% of the patients. The other 18.7% had adverse reactions, the most common being headache, reported by 11% of the total population studied. Image quality was judged unsatisfactory in 8.1% of cervical myelograms and in 2.6% of lumbar myelograms. With lumbar injection, cervical myelograms were judged to be inadequate in 13.5%; with cervical injection, lumbar myelograms were inadequate in 25%. Iohexol caused significantly fewer side effects in the 300 patients than would have been expected with metrizamide. The low cost and ease of use are additional factors that favor iohexol as the contrast agent of choice for myelography. PMID- 3923794 TI - CT patterns in histopathologically complex cavernous hemangiomas. AB - Computed tomographic (CT) studies were correlated with microscopic findings in 10 histologically verified cavernous hemangiomas in nine patients. In four of the 10 lesions, two or more distinct types of cerebrovascular malformations were identified histopathologically. These included arteriovenous malformations, venous malformations, and telangiectasis. Such coexistence of various types of cerebrovascular malformations has been reported rarely. In each of the four combined lesions, there was evidence of recent or old hemorrhage. The CT findings were nonspecific and were similar to those seen in a variety of intracranial pathologic conditions. PMID- 3923793 TI - Sonographic appearance of callosal agenesis: correlation with radiologic and pathologic findings. AB - Sonographic features are described in six infants in whom total or partial agenesis of the corpus callosum was confirmed by either computed tomographic or pathologic examination. The six patients demonstrated a range of abnormalities involving the neuraxis as well as other systems, notably cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary. Chromosomal abnormalities were present in two patients. The sonographic features of callosal agenesis seen in these patients included: lack of characteristic acoustic interfaces to define the corpus callosum on both coronal and sagittal sonograms; increased separation and parallelism of the bodies of the lateral ventricles; loss of the characteristic convexity of the medial border of the anterior horns of the lateral ventricles; variable prominence of the occipital horns of the lateral ventricles; variable degree of superior extension of the third ventricle; alteration or absence of the cavum septi pellucidi; and radial arrangement of cerebral sulci about the prominent third ventricle. Cases of partial agenesis may show the dysplastic features found in complete agenesis. However, only some of the callosal echoes are present. The sonographic features of partial agenesis in one infant had not been described before. PMID- 3923795 TI - Computed tomographic changes of hypertensive encephalopathy. AB - Computed tomographic (CT) scans were evaluated in 11 patients with acute hypertensive encephalopathy. Hypertensive encephalopathy is characterized by an acute, severe rise in blood pressure associated with headache, nausea, vomiting, altered mental status, and focal neurologic deficits, and rapid improvement after control of blood pressure. The systolic blood pressure range is 200-280 mm Hg; diastolic is 130-170 mm Hg. The most common CT finding was white-matter edema, diffuse or focal, affecting the supratentorial compartment in all cases and the infratentorial compartment in eight. These changes resolved after the blood pressure was lowered in all six patients studied by follow-up CT. Permanent areas of infarction were demonstrated in three patients. These abnormalities are correlated with the neuropathologic findings in hypertensive encephalopathy. PMID- 3923796 TI - Comparison of clinical and computed tomographic staging of head and neck tumors. AB - The extent of tumor was staged independently using conventional clinical methods and high-resolution computed tomography (CT) in 100 patients with tumors at the base of the skull, nasopharynx, oropharynx, hypopharynx, larynx, nose, and paranasal sinuses. Conventional clinical methods used for staging included physical examination, routine biopsy, routine radiography, tomography, and sonography when appropriate. In 10 patients, CT identified tumors that had not been apparent clinically; eight of these were in the nasopharynx and two in the hypopharynx. In another 26 patients, CT showed the tumor to be more locally extensive than had been evident clinically; 12 of these tumors were in the oropharynx. A new technique of CT-guided biopsy of head and neck tumors was used in 20 patients to attain histologic information or to confirm the extent of the tumor. Thus, information obtained by CT scanning or CT-guided biopsy significantly altered treatment planning in 36 of the 100 patients. PMID- 3923798 TI - Giant cholesterol cysts of the petrous apex: radiologic features. AB - Four cysts are described that expanded and destroyed the bone of the petrous apex. All patients with these cysts had a sensorineural hearing loss. Mild symptoms referable to cranial nerves VI, VII, IX, X, XI, and XII were seen also. The cysts range in size from 1.5 X 1.5 X 3 cm to 5 X 5 X 6 cm. Grossly and histologically, they were distinct from any lesions seen previously. The lesions were large and contained glistening brown, watery fluid filled with cholesterol crystals. The cyst wall was predominantly fibrous tissue without an epithelium. Minimal chronic inflammatory change and granuloma formation were present within and just outside the cyst wall. These cysts have been described as mastoid cysts, epidermoids, mucoceles, and cholesterol granulomas; until now, they have not been recognized as a single distinct entity. A name emphasizing the pathologic characteristic of the lesion, giant cholesterol cyst, has been suggested. Distinguishing them from other petrous apex lesions preoperatively is difficult, but if the cystic nature of the lesion can be recognized or at least anticipated, more conservative surgery, such as simple drainage versus a more radical procedure, may be possible. PMID- 3923797 TI - Orbital implants and prostheses: postoperative computed tomographic appearance. AB - Computed tomographic (CT) scans of 19 patients with 10 right and nine left orbital implants were reviewed. Except for orbital soft-tissue swelling due to recent surgery or infection, CT scans obtained with both the implant and prosthesis in place showed relative symmetry of the postoperative side and the native globe. Benign air collections were often associated with either the implant or prosthesis interface or with seating of the prosthesis in the conjunctival fornices. Six patients had either cartilage, silicone, or glass beads placed surgically along the orbital floor to elevate the implants, four having had prior depressed orbital floor fractures. CT identified implant migration in five patients. The orbital prosthesis, usually constructed of solid methylmethacrylate, is fitted over the implant and simulates the appearance of the eye of the contralateral side. The operative anatomy and its relation to the CT appearance of the implant and external prosthesis are reviewed. PMID- 3923799 TI - Digital angiography of pulsatile masses in the neck. AB - Twenty-six consecutive patients with pulsatile neck masses were studied with digital subtraction angiography (DSA) by venous injection, computed tomography (CT), and conventional direct angiography. The neck masses proved to be secondary to tortuous and ectatic carotid or subclavian arteries in 13 cases, resulted from subclavian artery aneurysms in three cases, and resulted from tumor in 10 cases. DSA alone was sufficient for diagnosis in 16 of 26 cases. CT was performed in 15 cases and was contributory in 10. It was most useful when a tumor was demonstrated or suspected on DSA. Conventional angiography was performed in six cases. It contributed no useful information when arteriosclerotic vascular changes were the source of the neck mass, and added useful diagnostic information in only two of 10 neck tumors. PMID- 3923800 TI - MR measurement of normal and pathologic brainstem diameters. AB - The dimensions of the brainstem were measured on magnetic resonance (MR) images to provide criteria for detecting brainstem enlargement. Twenty-eight normal adult subjects had MR imaging with sagittal partial-saturation and spin-echo sequences. Four patients with brainstem gliomas and three with cerebellar atrophy were also studied. Five measurements were made: (A) the distance between the interpeduncular fissure and the aqueduct, (B) the distance from the anterior surface of the cerebral peduncles to the aqueduct, (C) the distance between the anterior surface of the pons midway between the mesencephalon and medulla to the fourth ventricular floor, (D) the shortest anteroposterior diameter of the medulla at the pontomedullary junction, and (E) the shortest anteroposterior diameter of the medulla at the medullospinal junction. Pontine diameter could be measured more reproducibly and accurately than mesencephalic or medullary diameters. In four patients with glioma, one or more of the measured diameters were more than 2 SDs above the average in normal volunteers, and abnormally small measurements were found in the patients with atrophy. PMID- 3923801 TI - Reformatted imaging to define the intercommissural line for CT-guided stereotaxic functional neurosurgery. AB - Functional stereotaxic neurosurgery has traditionally required definition of the line between the anterior and posterior commissures as the basis for defining the target site for a procedure such as stereotaxic thalamotomy. While axial computed tomographic (CT) imaging precisely defines the third ventricle and the commissures, the planes of the axial images are not necessarily parallel to the important intercommissural line. A technique is described in which coronal oblique reformations are obtained, with the reformations passing through both the anterior and posterior commissures. Stereotaxic coordinates of the target obtained from this reformatted image are directly transferable to the CT compatible Leksell frame. Both imaging and surgery are performed on the scanner, which is located in an operating room especially designed for CT-guided surgical procedures. PMID- 3923802 TI - New calibrated-leak microcatheters for cyanoacrylate embolization and chemotherapy. PMID- 3923803 TI - Cerebral angioendotheliomatosis: a report of two cases and review of the literature. PMID- 3923804 TI - Computed tomography in preeclampsia-eclampsia syndrome. PMID- 3923805 TI - Erdheim-Chester disease: computed tomography in two cases. PMID- 3923806 TI - CT findings in adult Reye syndrome. PMID- 3923807 TI - Spontaneous closure of a dural arteriovenous fistula associated with acute hearing loss. PMID- 3923808 TI - Lumbosacral meningioma. PMID- 3923809 TI - Lumbar vertebral reformation after traumatic compression fracture. PMID- 3923810 TI - American Society of Neuroradiology: 1985 meeting abstracts. PMID- 3923812 TI - Today's pharmaceuticals: a cost-effective investment. PMID- 3923811 TI - Tocainide associated agranulocytosis. PMID- 3923813 TI - Addition of nifedipine to maximal beta-blocker-nitrate therapy: effects on exercise capacity and global left ventricular performance at rest and during exercise. AB - Nifedipine is a potent coronary vasodilator in the resting state and an effective afterload-reducing agent. This study was undertaken because of the concern that the addition of nifedipine to beta-blocker therapy could produce serious untoward hemodynamic consequences. Although this combination is usually well tolerated, occasional reports suggest that the combination of nifedipine and beta-blocking agents may increase the likelihood of congestive heart failure, severe hypotension or exacerbation of angina. Further, there is a need to know if the addition of nifedipine to therapy with maximally tolerated doses of long-acting nitrates and beta blockers would provide further symptomatic relief without excessive adverse effects. Finally, the effect of adjunctive nifedipine on global left ventricular performance at rest and during exercise was examined. Sixteen patients, all of whom had 3 or more episodes per week of angina pectoris despite therapy with long-acting nitrates and beta blockers, were selected. Radionuclide ventriculography was performed at rest and during exercise; global ejection fractions (EFs) were determined by manually tracing the left ventricular end diastolic perimeter with an electronic cursor. In the first phase, beta blockers and nitrates were used; in the second phase nifedipine, 10 mg every 6 hours, was added and titrated to reduce systolic blood pressure at rest by at least 10 mm Hg or until intolerable adverse effects occurred. When nifedipine was added to therapy, the difference between global EF at rest and during exercise was reduced from - 0.15 to + 0.02 (p less than 0.00001); exercise duration was increased from 431 seconds to 532 (p less than 0.001), with only 8 patients limited by angina, compared with 16 during the initial therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3923814 TI - Lipoprotein and apolipoprotein levels in angiographically defined coronary atherosclerosis. AB - Recent studies suggest that apolipoproteins and subfractions of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol may be better predictors of atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (CAD) than are plasma cholesterol and total HDL cholesterol. To examine this hypothesis, plasma cholesterol and triglyceride, cholesterol of low-density lipoprotein, HDL and its subfractions 2 and 3, apolipoprotein A-I, the apolipoprotein B of low-density lipoprotein, the ratio of apolipoprotein EII to EIII, and ratios of several of these variables were measured in a selected series of 126 patients (83 men and 43 women) who underwent coronary angiography for suspected CAD. Mean values of many of these variables differed significantly between the men with CAD and the men without significant CAD, when controlled for age, use of beta blockers and diuretic drugs. Using multivariate logistic regression analysis, the only variable that made a significant independent contribution in predicting CAD in men was the ratio of HDL cholesterol to total plasma cholesterol (p less than 0.0001). The mean of this ratio was 0.17 +/- 0.01 mg/dl in the men with CAD and 0.23 +/- 0.02 mg/dl in the male controls. All men with ratios of less than 0.15 mg/dl had significant CAD, defined as 50% or greater luminal diameter narrowing of 1 or more of the major coronary arteries. No measurement was a significant univariate or multivariate predictor of CAD in the women, but the power to detect such predictors was reduced because of small group sizes. In conclusion, the ratio of HDL cholesterol to plasma cholesterol may be superior to many of the more recently described lipoprotein and apolipoprotein-derived predictors of CAD. PMID- 3923816 TI - Acute right ventricular infarction resulting from intracardiac infusion of hyperosmotic hyperalimentation solutions. PMID- 3923815 TI - Evaluation of the clinical significance of nitroglycerin adsorption. PMID- 3923817 TI - Hepatic antipyrine metabolism in malnourished patients: influence of the type of malnutrition and course after nutritional rehabilitation. AB - The present study of hepatic mixed function oxidase activity was carried out by determining antipyrine clearance in 49 patients presenting with energy malnutrition (group E, n = 26) or global protein-calorie malnutrition (group P, n = 23). A control group (group C, n = 25) was composed of subjects with good nutritional status. The metabolic clearance rate and weight-corrected clearance in group P were significantly lower than those in groups E and C. The weight clearances in the latter two groups were not significantly different, suggesting that mixed function oxidase activity decreases only in protein-calorie malnutrition. Antipyrine clearance was studied again in 27 patients after nutritional rehabilitation with artificial nutrition for 31 +/- 4 days (means +/- SEM). Concomitant with an improvement in nutritional state, clearances tended towards normal values in group P (n = 17) and were not significantly modified in group E (n = 10). It is thus important to take the type of malnutrition into account in pharmacological studies of malnourished humans in order to correctly adapt therapeutic doses. PMID- 3923820 TI - H. P. Smith Memorial Award lecture: challenges and opportunities for pathologists in the 1980s. PMID- 3923819 TI - Hepatic transport of bile salt and bile composition following total parenteral nutrition with and without lipid emulsion in the rat. AB - The effect of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) on bile flow and composition and on hepatic bile acid transport maximum (Tm) and bile salt-independent bile flow (BSIF) was studied in the rat following seven days TPN containing 33% calories from Intralipid (IL) or Liposyn (LP) or 0% calories from lipid. All TPN regimes markedly reduced bile flow. In no case did TPN cause an increase in bile cholesterol concentration or saturation relative to bile acid and phospholipid. Bile acid Tm was reduced in rats receiving either 0% lipid or 33% IL; BSIF was reduced only in the 0% lipid group. Rats receiving 33% LP had a higher bile flow than the other TPN regimes while bile acid Tm and BSIF were similar to controls. It is proposed that in established TPN, bile flow is reduced largely as a result of decreased hepatic bile acid excretion. In the rat, TPN has no deleterious effect on the molar concentration of cholesterol, phospholipid or bile acid in bile secreted by the hepatocyte. The significant differences between the effect of the two lipid emulsions on hepatobiliary function require further study. PMID- 3923818 TI - Model for determination of 13C substrate oxidation rates in humans in the fed state. AB - The effect of a test diet of conventional North American foods on breath 13CO2 abundance was determined in 4 healthy males. Subjects consumed a diet containing 41.9% energy as fat and a polyunsaturated:saturated fatty acid ratio of 0.217 for 5 days at a level equal to estimated requirements for total energy. One subject underwent four 5-day feeding periods. Over the feeding period mean change in subjects' body weight was -0.165 +/- 0.64% (means +/- SEM) of initial body weight. On day 5 breath samples were collected hourly from 0745 to 1645 h and analyzed for 13CO2 enrichment relative to the pre-breakfast fasted state (level at 0745 h). Breakfast and lunch were consumed at 0820 and 1300 h respectively. Mean enrichment peaked at 1445 h at 0.00311 atom % excess above fasting level for all subjects and 0.00243 atom % excess for the four repeated trials on one subject. Between subject variation (SEM) in 13CO2 enrichment (0.000618 atom %) was significantly greater than within subject variation (0.000308 atom %). These results indicate that ingestion of normal meals during the breath test period increases breath 13CO2 abundance due to a shift in substrate oxidation. The small within subject variation in repeated 13CO2 enrichment profiles indicates the reliability of 13C breath tests using controlled diets. It is concluded that for tests conducted under identical conditions, an initial background 13CO2 abundance profile determined once for each subject, can be subtracted from the subsequent enrichment profile generated by a labeled test substrate. PMID- 3923821 TI - Primary mediastinal non-Hodgkin's lymphomas: a morphologic and immunologic study of 19 cases. AB - Nineteen, primary, non-lymphoblastic, non-Hodgkin's lymphomas were investigated by conventional morphologic studies as well as immunologic studies using the application of a battery of monoclonal antibodies to frozen tissue sections. Seventeen of the lymphomas were diffuse large cell; one was large cell immunoblastic and one was a follicular and diffuse lymphoma of intermediate differentiation. Thirty-seven percent of the lymphomas showed prominent sclerosis, sometimes associated with the superior vena cava syndrome. Six of the cases showed evidence of immunoglobulin production with light chain restriction. Twelve additional cases were shown to be of B-cell lineage by B1/T015 expression but did not show evidence of immunoglobulin production. One case was a T-cell lymphoma of helper phenotype. Ia expression was found in 14 of 18 cases studied. PMID- 3923822 TI - Bleeding disorder associated with albumin-dependent partial deficiency in platelet thromboxane production. Effect of albumin on arachidonate metabolism in platelets. AB - The authors describe a patient with a longstanding bleeding disorder associated with impaired platelet aggregation and secretion despite normal granule contents. Thrombin-induced platelet thromboxane A2 production, measured using a radioimmunoassay for thromboxane B2, was markedly decreased or undetectable in platelet-rich plasma and whole blood serum. However, significant amounts of thromboxane B2 were detected on thrombin stimulation of platelets suspended in albumin-free salt medium. Malondialdehyde and 14C-hydroxyheptadecatrienoic acid production was undetectable in the patient's platelets. Liberation of free 14C arachidonic acid from phospholipids during stimulation of prelabeled platelets was normal, indicating normal phospholipase activity. These observations indicate an albumin-dependent partial deficiency in thromboxane production resulting from a defect either in cyclooxygenase or thromboxane synthetase. Further, the authors studied the effect of albumin on arachidonic acid metabolism in normal platelets. These studies indicate that albumin enhances liberation of arachidonic acid from phospholipids but has an overall inhibitory effect on thromboxane synthesis. PMID- 3923823 TI - Use of the agarose gel method to identify and quantitate factor VIII:C inhibitors. AB - The agarose gel method for the detection and quantitation of Factor VIII inhibitors was investigated and compared with the Bethesda method. The agarose gel method was standardized for this study by modifications of the original method of Bird. (Bird P: Coagulation in an agarose gel and its application to the detection and measurement of factor VIII antibodies. Br J Haematol 1975; 29:329 340) Precision studies on values obtained by the agarose gel method indicated it is a reproducible assay. Random error was evident in both methods, but variance appeared to be greater in the Bethesda method for most of the samples evaluated. Comparison of the two methods with split patient samples indicated that proportional error is present in the agarose gel method, and that standardization of the method requires additional study. The agarose gel assay detected low levels of inhibitor (down to 3.4 Bethesda units) and all positive samples were identified. A screening procedure modification of the agarose gel method provided the sensitivity to detect Factor VIII inhibitor levels of less than 1.0 Bethesda units. The results indicated that the agarose gel method is a feasible alternative to the Bethesda method for both quantitative and qualitative determination of Factor VIII inhibitors. Furthermore, since reproducibility is better, it may be useful in detecting the "true" fluctuations of inhibitor titers in a given patient. PMID- 3923824 TI - Diffuse malignant lymphoma with cerebriform nuclei: A B-cell lymphoma studied with monoclonal antibodies. AB - A lymph node biopsy performed on a 55-year-old woman with asymptomatic generalized lymphadenopathy revealed a diffuse, malignant lymphoma composed of small to intermediate-sized lymphocytes with cerebriform-shaped nuclei; electron microscopy confirmed the nuclear complexity. The cerebriform nuclear configuration, coupled with an interfollicular pattern of nodal involvement with encroachment upon residual germinal centers, was presumptive of either mycosis fungoides or a peripheral T-cell lymphoma. Immunologic evaluation, however, indicated that the cerebriform lymphocytes represented a monoclonal B-cell population (IgM-IgD, lambda). Staining with monoclonal antibodies disclosed a phenotype of Ia+, B1+, BA-1+, BA-2+, Leu-1+; the neoplastic cells were unreactive with T-cell, lineage-specific antibodies (anti-Leu-2a, -3a, -4, -5) and with J5 (CALLA). In light of the immunophenotype and the distributional pattern, the cerebriform-shaped lymphocytes may represent an extreme morphologic variant of intermediate lymphocytic lymphoma. PMID- 3923825 TI - Heparin-like anticoagulant associated with plasma cell myeloma. AB - A 54-year-old man with plasma cell myeloma had sustained bleeding develop after prophylactic hip hemiarthroplasty. Routine coagulation studies revealed significant prolongation of the prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, and thrombin time. Further evaluation showed failure of the activated partial thromboplastin time to correct in a 1:1 mixture with pooled normal plasma, correction of the prolonged thrombin time by addition of protamine, and a normal reptilase time. A purified preparation of the immunoglobulin component of patient plasma produced the same pattern of coagulation abnormalities, suggesting the paraprotein possessed heparin-like anticoagulant activity. This appears to be a rare mechanism of bleeding diathesis in plasma cell myeloma. PMID- 3923826 TI - Isoimmune neonatal thrombocytopenia: a case report and review. AB - Isoimmune neonatal thrombocytopenia is an unusual problem with significant morbidity and mortality. Though it is often self-limited, it is potentially fatal due to hemorrhage. Specific therapy with compatible platelets is indicated. In previously unrecognized cases, platelet antigen and antibody studies delay therapy unacceptably. Therefore, maternal platelets are used, which also aid in establishing a therapeutic diagnosis. A case of isoimmune neonatal thrombocytopenia is reported, and the etiology, clinical and laboratory implications, and methods of management are discussed. PMID- 3923827 TI - Erosive gastroduodenitis with marked epithelial atypia after hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy. AB - We report the case of a 59-year-old man who was treated with intraarterial chemotherapy for metastatic colonic adenocarcinoma. After the second course he developed persistent symptoms of nausea, vomiting, and pain. Endoscopic examination demonstrated severe erosive gastritis and duodenitis, and histological examination of the antral tissue showed severe atypia and histological appearances suggestive of in situ carcinoma. A 2-month course of sucralfate and cimetidine was used and successfully produced symptomatic relief as well as complete normalization of the dysplastic changes. PMID- 3923828 TI - Hemostatic abnormalities in renal disease. AB - Numerous hemostatic abnormalities have been associated with acute and chronic renal disease. The most common abnormalities are defective platelet aggregation, decreased platelet adhesiveness, decreased platelet factor-3 availability, and prolongation of the bleeding time. Among the above platelet function tests, the bleeding time is the single test that most closely correlates with clinical bleeding. The nature of the platelet defect in uremia is still not well understood. The pathophysiologic mechanisms which have been implicated include platelet inhibition by plasma metabolites, eg, urea, guanidinosuccinic acid, phenolic acid; increased vessel wall prostacyclin; abnormal platelet arachidonic acid metabolism; increased levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH); defective binding of the Factor VIII complex to platelets or defective binding of platelets to vessel wall subendothelium by the Factor VIII complex; decreased platelet-vessel wall-interaction due to severe anemia; platelet storage pool deficiency; defective fibrinogen binding to platelets. Dialysis remains the mainstay of the prevention and treatment of uremic bleeding although it is not always immediately effective. The availability of cryoprecipitate and DDAVP offers an alternative and effective treatment for the temporary reversal of uremic bleeding in patients who require urgent invasive procedures. PMID- 3923829 TI - Demeclocycline-induced natriuresis and renal insufficiency: in vivo and in vitro studies. AB - We examined renal function and Na+ balance in a patient with congestive heart failure who was treated with demeclocycline (DMC) on three separate occasions under strict metabolic balance conditions. Natriuresis and reversible renal insufficiency, which could not be explained solely on the basis of negative Na+ balance, developed on each occasion. In contrast to reports of an association between elevated serum DMC levels and renal insufficiency in patients with cirrhotic edema, the renal insufficiency in this patient with cardiac edema occurred in the absence of high DMC levels. Consequently, markedly elevated serum DMC levels do not appear to be a prerequisite for the development of natriuresis or renal insufficiency in edematous patients receiving this drug. In an attempt to clarify the mechanism of the natriuresis, we also examined the effects of DMC on Na+ transport in an in-vitro model system, the toad urinary bladder. DMC inhibited aldosterone-stimulated Na+ transport, but had no effect on Na+ transport when the latter was jointly stimulated by ADH and theophylline. Despite this selective inhibition of the natriferic effect of aldosterone in vitro, it is unlikely that such a mechanism completely accounts for the natriuresis observed in-vivo since the natriuresis is generally of large magnitude and is usually accompanied by some degree of kaliuresis, and DMC had no consistent effect on urinary aldosterone excretion. Consequently, other mechanisms must be sought to explain the natriuretic effect of DMC in edematous patients. Likewise, mechanisms other than negative Na+ balance (perhaps primary alterations in renal hemodynamics) must underly the development of renal insufficiency in such individuals. PMID- 3923830 TI - Genetic control of immune response to the L-Glu, L-Lys, L-Phe terpolymer in man. AB - We have demonstrated that human lymphocytes can respond to the synthetic polypeptide GLPhe upon in vitro challenge by the antigen similar to that of (H,G) A--L, (T,G)-A--L, (Phe,G)-A--L, and GAT. Family studies further support our postulation that responses to these synthetic polymers are under dual gene control. Three families with intra-HLA-A/B recombinants provided mapping information for Ir-GLPhe genes. The response phenotype of the recombinant of family 21 localized the Ir-GLPhe genes toward the HLA-B of D regions, whereas recombinants of family 24 and 27 placed the Ir-GLPhe genes distal to HLA-B, toward the A region. This discrepant gene assignment can be explained by assuming that recombination occurred at different positions between HLA-A and HLA-B. In family 21, crossover occurred distal to the Ir genes, while for the other two, proximal to them. A second possibility is that as in the mouse the two complementing genes are situated in different regions of the human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and all three of the crossovers occurred between them with the putative Ir-GLPhe-1 located near the HLA-A region and Ir-GLPhe-2 on the HLA-D region or vice versa. A third possibility is that immune response required interaction between a complete HLA-D-like molecule encoded in the A region and another encoded elsewhere, perhaps in HLA-D. PMID- 3923832 TI - Stability of morphine sulfate and meperidine hydrochloride in a parenteral nutrient formulation. AB - The compatibility, stability, and availability of morphine sulfate and meperidine hydrochloride prepared in total parenteral nutrient (TPN) solution, 5% dextrose injection, and sterile water for injection in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) bags were evaluated. A 300-mg dose of each narcotic was mixed in 0.25-L bags of 5% dextrose injection and sterile water for injection, and in 3-L bags of TPN and sterile water for injection. Each solution was examined visually for precipitation, color change, turbidity, and the evolution of gas immediately after the addition of the drug to the bag and every 12 hours for a 36-hour period. Narcotic concentrations in each solution were determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography before and for 36 hours after the addition of the drugs to the bags. No loss of either drug because of adsorption to the PVC bags was found. Morphine sulfate and meperidine hydrochloride were chemically compatible and stable in TPN and 5% dextrose injection for 36 hours. Solutions of morphine sulfate or meperidine hydrochloride in PVC bags containing TPN or 5% dextrose injection are visually and chemically compatible, as well as stable and available for 36 hours when stored at 21.5 degrees C with no protection from environmental light. PMID- 3923831 TI - Is there a lack of O (ABO blood system) newborns? PMID- 3923834 TI - Charting for dollars. PMID- 3923833 TI - The 24-hour effects of glyburide and chlorpropamide after chronic treatment of type II diabetic patients. AB - A single-blind, randomized, comparative evaluation of glyburide (GL) and chlorpropamide (CP) therapy was performed in twenty previously untreated patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) of about two years duration. Only newly diagnosed patients who were never treated and whose fasting blood glucose (FBS) levels were greater than 140 mg/dl after a six to eight week trial of dietary restriction were evaluated. Metabolic studies were performed before and after four months of therapy. GL and CP produced essentially the same effects on serum levels of glucose, insulin, glucagon (IRG), growth hormone (GH), cholesterol, and triglyceride. The mean 24-hour glucose levels for both the GL and CP groups were significantly lower than the pretherapy values (p less than 0.001). The mean 24-hour insulin levels did not change significantly during therapy (p greater than 0.05). Excellent control of plasma glucose was possible during the entire day without producing nocturnal hypoglycemia. Neither GL nor CP therapy influenced the mean 24-hour levels of IRG, GH, or cholesterol. However, mean 24-hour levels of triglyceride were lower in both groups. IRG levels were elevated and the pattern of change in the insulin and IRG levels paralleled each other, which suggested that glucagon may play a role in the resistance of insulin action in NIDDM. GH levels were normal and remained unchanged during therapy. It was concluded that detailed 24-hour studies are important for better understanding the spectrum of abnormalities in newly diagnosed patients with NIDDM who were never treated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3923835 TI - Long-term use of intrauterine contraceptive devices in a private practice. AB - Clinical experience with 1504 insertions of intrauterine contraceptive devices (Lippes Loop, Dalkon Shield, Cu-7) in a private practice is evaluated. Expulsion rates and removal rates for bleeding and/or pain and personal reasons differed for the three types of devices. Pregnancy rates associated with use of the three types of devices were similar. Pelvic inflammatory disease rates were similar for Dalkon Shield and Cu-7 users but were higher than the rate for Lippes Loop users. Use of intrauterine contraceptive devices did not appear to compromise future fertility based on the experience of women who had the devices removed. The study shows that long-term IUD use (up to 5 years) provides a safe and effective method of contraception. PMID- 3923836 TI - Office hysteroscopy and suction curettage: can we eliminate the hospital diagnostic dilatation and curettage? AB - The hospital diagnostic dilatation and curettage is the most widely used method in investigating abnormal uterine bleeding. This procedure is expensive and inconvenient and poses some surgical and anesthetic risks. As an alternative to hospital dilatation and curettage, the procedure of office hysteroscopy and suction curettage was evaluated in 406 patients. The indications for the procedure are similar to the classic indications for a diagnostic dilatation and curettage. The method is convenient, safe, and relatively inexpensive. The diagnostic accuracy of office hysteroscopy and suction curettage surpasses prior reports of the accuracy of diagnostic dilatation and curettage. Office hysteroscopy and suction curettage should be the method of choice in the evaluation of abnormal uterine bleeding. PMID- 3923837 TI - Prevalence and manifestations of endometritis among women with cervicitis. AB - Thirty-five women referred from a clinic treating sexually transmitted diseases, because of suspected cervicitis, were studied for the presence of endometritis by transcervical endometrial biopsies and cervical and endometrial cultures. Fourteen (40%) of the patients had histologic evidence of endometritis. Findings that significantly correlated with endometritis included a history of intermenstrual vaginal bleeding, the presence of Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, or Streptococcus agalactiae in the cervix, and the presence of serum antibodies to C. trachomatis or to Mycoplasma hominis. PMID- 3923838 TI - Preeclampsia: an imbalance in placental prostacyclin and thromboxane production. AB - Preeclampsia is characterized by increased vasoconstriction frequently associated with increased platelet aggregation, reduced uteroplacental blood flow, and premature delivery. Because prostacyclin antagonizes the vasoconstrictor, platelet-aggregating, and uterine-activating actions of thromboxane, we considered the hypothesis that placental production of thromboxane was increased coincident with decreased production of prostacyclin in preeclampsia. Fresh human term placentas were obtained immediately after delivery from 11 normal and 10 preeclamptic pregnancies (blood pressure greater than or equal to 140/90 mm Hg, urinary protein greater than 0.3 gm/24 hr). Tissues (350 mg) were incubated sterilely in 6 ml of Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium for 48 hours at 37 degrees C with 95% oxygen and 5% carbon dioxide in a metabolic shaker. Samples were collected at 8, 20, 32, and 48 hours and analyzed for thromboxane by radioimmunoassay of its stable metabolite, thromboxane B2, and for prostacyclin by radioimmunoassay of its stable metabolite, 6-keto prostaglandin F1 alpha. The production of thromboxane was significantly increased in preeclamptic versus normal placental tissue (22.9 +/- 4.7 versus 6.3 +/- 1.5 pg/mg/hr, mean +/- SE, p less than 0.01), whereas the production of prostacyclin was significantly decreased (3.0 +/- 0.3 versus 6.7 +/- 0.5 pg/mg/hr, p less than 0.001). In both normal and preeclamptic placentas, the production rates of thromboxane and prostacyclin were inhibited by indomethacin (5 mumol/L) and not affected (p greater than 0.50) by arachidonic acid (100 mumol/L). Therefore, during normal pregnancy, the placenta produces equivalent amounts of thromboxane and prostacyclin, so that their biologic actions on vascular tone, platelet aggregation, and uterine activity will be balanced. In preeclamptic pregnancy, however, the placenta produces seven times more thromboxane than prostacyclin. PMID- 3923839 TI - The relationship of fetal plasma protein concentration and hemoglobin level to the development of hydrops in rhesus isoimmunization. AB - Fetoscopic samples of pure fetal blood were obtained at 18 to 25 weeks' gestation from seven hydropic and 10 nonhydropic fetuses affected by rhesus isoimmunization, and the fetal plasma albumin, plasma total protein, and hemoglobin concentrations were determined. All fetuses with sonographic evidence of hydrops had a hemoglobin of 3.8 gm/dl or less, whereas all but one of those without hydrops had a hemoglobin greater than 4.0 gm/dl. The plasma total protein was less than 2 standard deviations below the mean of the normal range in all hydropic fetuses and in six of 10 of those without hydrops. Hypoalbuminemia was found in six of the seven hydropic fetuses and in two of the nonhydropic fetuses. Ascitic fluid total protein and albumin concentrations were also determined in four hydropic fetuses, and the values in three were found to be more than 50% of the corresponding plasma levels. PMID- 3923840 TI - Indomethacin and salicylate modulate effect of insulin on glucose kinetics in dogs. AB - We studied insulin's effects on glucose production (Ra) and utilization (Rd) in trained, conscious dogs before and during treatment with indomethacin (Indo) and salicylate (S). Ra and Rd (mg X kg-1 X min-1) were calculated by isotope dilution using [3-3H]glucose. Animals were treated with either oral Indo or acetylsalicylic acid for 1 day before the respective studies. On the study day, experimental animals were given a continuous infusion of either saline (control), Indo (5 mg/kg bolus followed by 0.05 mg X kg-1 X min-1), or sodium salicylate (0.45 mg X kg-1 X min-1) for 330 min on separate days; each animal participated in all three protocols. After establishing steady-state specific activity, control (C) and experimental animals (n = 6/group) received insulin, 0.275 mU X kg-1 X min-1 for 150 min, raising serum insulin levels two- to threefold above basal. During insulin infusion in C, plasma glucose (G) fell from 99 +/- 2 to 82 +/- 6 ml/dl (P less than 0.01), associated with a transient fall in Ra from 2.5 +/- 0.3 to 1.9 +/- 0.2 (P less than 0.01) at 30 min, returning to base line at 45 min; Rd did not change. In the Indo and S groups, G also fell by a similar extent. In contrast to C, however, the fall in G was associated with a rise in Rd, commencing at 30 min in the Indo group (P less than 0.05) and at 45 min in the S group (P less than 0.01); Ra did not fall and actually rose above basal (P less than 0.05), although it did not match the rise in Rd.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3923841 TI - Effects of prostaglandins on vasoconstrictor action in isolated renal arterioles. AB - The effects of arachidonic acid, prostaglandins (PG) I2, E2, D2, and F2 alpha on norepinephrine- (NE) and angiotensin II- (ANG II) induced tone were examined in interlobular arteries and afferent and efferent arterioles isolated from rabbit kidney. Arachidonic acid at 10(-5) M produced a rapid relaxation of NE-induced tone in all three vessel types. The vasodilatory effect of arachidonic acid but not acetylcholine was blocked by meclofenamate. In interlobular arteries, PGE2, and PGI2 caused a dose-dependent relaxation of NE-induced tone with a concentration causing the half-maximal response (ED50) of 1.2 and 4.6 X 10(-8) M, respectively. PGD2 caused a small but significant relaxation at 10(-7) M and above, whereas PGF2 alpha was inactive. In afferent arterioles contracted with NE, PGE2 and PGI2 caused identical dose-dependent relaxations. Significant effects were observed at concentrations between 10(-11) and 10(-10) M with ED50 values of 1.7 X 10(-8) M for PGE2 and 8.7 X 10(-9) M for PGI2. PGD2 had significant effects only at 10(-5) M, whereas PGF2 alpha was without effect. In contrast to the preglomerular vessels, efferent arterioles responded only to PGI2 (ED50, 9.7 X 10(-9) M), and the other arachidonic acid metabolites had no effect on lumen diameter. PGI2 antagonized the vasoconstrictive effects of both NE and ANG II in this vessel segment. The results demonstrate that of the prostanoids tested only PGE2 and PGI2 were effective in antagonizing vasoconstrictor stimuli in isolated renal microvessels. Furthermore, the rabbit renal microvasculature displays segmental heterogeneity for the vasodilatory PGs in that PGI2 affected both pre- and postglomerular arterioles, whereas PGE2 was effective only on the preglomerular microvessels. PMID- 3923842 TI - Hepatic microcirculatory failure after ischemia and reperfusion: improvement with ATP-MgCl2 treatment. AB - Hepatic ischemia followed by reflow results in a myriad of metabolic and circulatory derangements that may eventually result in liver failure and death. In the present experiments we have used the technique of intravital fluorescence microscopy with fluoroscein isothiocyanate conjugated to bovine serum albumin as the intravascular fluorochrome to study the effects of ischemia and reperfusion on the hepatic microcirculation in vivo. Total hepatic ischemia was produced for 90 min to the left and median lobes of pentobarbital-anesthetized rats. After ischemia, reflow was allowed for 2 h. Three groups were studied: sham-ischemia controls and rats treated with either 1 ml saline or 12.5 mumol ATP-MgCl2 in 1-ml volume at the beginning of reflow. Although control rats exhibited stable microcirculation throughout the experiment, in saline-treated rats the number of perfused centrilobular areas and perfused sinusoids per unit area on the surface of the liver was decreased to approximately 50 and 40% of sham-ischemia controls, respectively. However, in rats treated with ATP-MgCl2 the density of perfused centrilobular areas and perfused sinusoids was 86 and 80% of sham-ischemia controls, respectively. From these results we conclude that intravital fluorescence microscopy is a potentially valuable method for the study of the hepatic microcirculation in vivo. Moreover, the results with ATP-MgCl2 treatment indicate that its effect on the microcirculation is a major factor in its beneficial effects on hepatic function after ischemia and reflow. PMID- 3923843 TI - Alveolar inflammation and arachidonate metabolism in monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension. AB - We tested the hypothesis that monocrotaline would activate arachidonic acid metabolism in rats. If activation occurred before the pulmonary hypertension developed, arachidonate metabolites could play a role in the hypertensive monocrotaline injury. We found that 1 wk after monocrotaline administration 6 ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha and leukotriene C4 were increased in lung lavages. At 3 wk when pulmonary hypertension was well developed, lung lavage contained increased 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha and thromboxane B2. In addition, the number and activity of white blood cells in the lavages was increased, and abnormal alveolar macrophages were present. The lung extract contained slow reacting substances including leukotriene D4. Indomethacin administration inhibited the formation of cyclooxygenase metabolites but did not prevent pulmonary hypertension. Diethylcarbamazine administration reduced the numbers and activity of inflammatory cells, increased pulmonary hypertension, prevented right ventricular hypertrophy, and inhibited the formation of slow-reacting substances. We concluded that arachidonate metabolism was activated before pulmonary hypertension developed, that the inflammatory cells in the alveolus accompanied the hypertensive process, and that diethylcarbamazine attenuated both the monocrotaline-induced inflammatory response and the pulmonary hypertension. PMID- 3923845 TI - Effect of haloperidol on sleep apnea. PMID- 3923844 TI - Sources of carbon dioxide in penguin air sacs. AB - CO2 tensions in the caudal air sacs of birds cannot be quantitatively predicted by current models of avian respiration, mainly because the contribution of neopulmonic parabronchial gas exchange has not been determined. To overcome this problem we studied penguins that have purely paleopulmonic lungs. Three penguins were anesthetized, intubated, and ventilated at a constant respiratory rate and different tidal volumes (VT). PO2 and PCO2 were measured in arterial blood and end-expired, mixed-expired, interclavicular air sac, and caudal thoracic air sac gas. Interclavicular air sac and end-expired gas had similar compositions. Caudal thoracic air sac gas was intermediate in composition to end-expired and inspired gas, and its PCO2 was 1.5-3.5 times greater than the value predicted from reinhaled dead space. This difference between measured and predicted caudal thoracic air sac PCO2 increased with VT but showed no relationship to changes in dead space-to-VT ratio. The difference is not explained by stratification or diffusive gas exchange across air sac walls. The results can be explained by postulating that inspired gas passes over exchange surfaces on its path to caudal air sacs. This is unexpected in the purely paleopulmonic lungs of penguins and suggests that airflow may not be caudocranial in all paleopulmonic parabronchi. PMID- 3923846 TI - The elderly's private insurance coverage of nursing home care. AB - About 40 per cent of Medicare beneficiaries had private insurance coverage of skilled nursing facilities (SNF) in 1977. Data from the 1977 National Medical Care Expenditure Survey show that among such persons, about 85 per cent had full coverage of Medicare's Part A copayments for days 21-100 but only 15.7 per cent had maximum coverage of at least 365 days of care or a benefit of $100,000 or more. The most comprehensive benefits are found among persons with middle or high incomes; more generous first-dollar coverage is found in the North Central and South regions, and more generous maximums in the West. PMID- 3923847 TI - Fashion and freedom: when artificial feeding should be withdrawn. PMID- 3923848 TI - Cost-benefit analysis of a thalassemia disease prevention program. AB - We offer an economic perspective on prevention of beta-thalassemia disease by means of genetic screening and prenatal diagnosis in an established program in Quebec province. The program screens 80 per cent of at-risk persons in the high risk communities, provides diagnosis to 75 per cent of at-risk couples, and prevented two-thirds of new cases in the period of study. We measured the additional costs, in 1981 Canadian dollars, of medical and public health resources, both incurred and avoided, resulting from use of these prevention services. The total direct cost per case prevented in the program is less than the cost for a single year of treatment for an individual with the disease. Sensitivity analysis accommodating demographic assumptions, participation rates, and discounting rates indicates that, even at rates of marriage, endogamy, and participation lower than observed in the current program, treatment costs will still exceed prevention costs when discounting is set at conventional rates of 4 per cent and 8 per cent. Cost effectiveness of the program is confirmed. PMID- 3923849 TI - Benefits, risks and costs of immunization for measles, mumps and rubella. AB - For a single year, 1983, we compared the actual and estimated morbidity, mortality, and costs attributable to measles, mumps, and rubella with having or not having a childhood immunization program using the combined measles-mumps rubella (MMR) vaccine. Without an immunization program, an estimated 3,325,000 cases of measles would occur as compared to 2,872 actual cases in 1983 with a program. Instead of an expected 1.5 million rubella cases annually, there were only 3,816 actual cases. Mumps cases were lowered from an expected 2.1 million to 32,850 actual cases. Comparable reductions in disease-associated complications, sequelae, and deaths are gained with an immunization program. Without a vaccination program, disease costs would have been almost $1.4 billion. Based on the actual incidence of disease in 1983, costs were estimated to be approximately +14.5 million. Expenditures for immunization, including vaccine administration costs and the costs associated with vaccine reactions, totaled $96 million. The resulting benefit-cost ratio for the MMR immunization program is approximately 14:1. The savings realized due to the use of combination rather than single antigen vaccine total nearly $60 million. PMID- 3923850 TI - The immediate and subsequent outcomes of nursing home care. AB - To determine the relationship between admission status and subsequent outcomes, 563 patients discharged during 1980 from 24 nursing homes were followed through 1982. Only 28 per cent of patients were discharged to their homes. Reconstructed life histories of 529 discharges for the two-year follow-up revealed only 38 persons (7.2 per cent) were alive and at home; of these, 36 had been initially discharged to their homes. Four hundred and one persons (75.8 per cent) were dead. Mental orientation, urinary continence, functional status, hip fracture, and diagnoses associated with dementia were found to be significant predictors of outcome status after discharge and at follow-up. Social support had only a modest effect on the former outcomes. PMID- 3923852 TI - Transmission of murine typhus rickettsiae by Xenopsylla cheopis, with notes on experimental infection and effects of temperature. AB - In studies on experimental infection of Rickettsia mooseri (= R. typhi) in Xenopsylla cheopis and laboratory rats, it was found that 10 days after the infectious feeding, the fleas were voiding feces that were infective to rats upon inoculation. The feces remained infective for at least the duration of the experiment, and a quantity as small as 0.2 micrograms of feces would result in seroconversion of 67% of the rats upon inoculation. Fleas were capable of transmitting the infection to rats as early as seven days after feeding on rickettsemic rats, but the rate of transmission was much higher late in the course of rickettsial development in the flea, e.g., virtually 100% by day 17. Fleas transmitted R. mooseri infection even when they fed on the host for a maximum of 30 min and were removed from the rats at least 25 min before they could be expected to deposit any feces. These and other data suggest that R. mooseri may be transmitted by X. cheopis by the feeding process, and not merely through contact with infective feces or crushed fleas. The ambient temperature had a profound effect upon rickettsial growth in the fleas. At 18 degrees C, the rickettsial content of the fleas was below detectable levels for at least ten days and remained low throughout, whereas at 24 degrees C and 30 degrees C the rickettsial titer was consistently two or three times greater. However, if, after six days, the fleas were transferred from an environment of 18 degrees C to one at 24 degrees C or 30 degrees C, the rickettsial growth increased by two or three logs within one week. PMID- 3923851 TI - Acetylcholinesterase levels in skeletal muscle of mice infected with Trypanosoma cruzi. AB - Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was measured in skeletal muscle from susceptible (A/J) and resistant (C57BL/6) mice infected with the Brazil strain (myotropic) of Trypanosoma cruzi. There was a 60% decrease in activity in skeletal muscle obtained from A/J mice 20 days post-infection as compared to controls. There was no decrease in AChE activity in skeletal muscle obtained from infected C57BL/6 mice 20 and 150 days post-infection. Histologic examination of skeletal muscle from infected A/J mice revealed marked necrosis, pseudocysts, and minimal inflammation. Similar examinations in C57BL/6 mice revealed marked inflammation in the absence of necrosis and parasites. These data provide additional biochemical support that denervation hypersensitivity is an important concomitant of Chagas' disease and that it is already present during the acute stage. Additionally, it may support the notion that the presence of the parasite mediates these abnormalities. PMID- 3923853 TI - Isolation and identification of Rickettsia rickettsii from the rabbit tick (Haemaphysalis leporispalustris) in the Atlantic zone of Costa Rica. AB - During the ecological studies done in Costa Rica on Rocky Mountain spotted fever, we have been able to isolate 2 strains of rickettsiae from the rabbit tick Haemaphysalis leporispalustris, indistinguishable from R. rickettsii isolated from humans in our country. Moreover, serological evidence of this agent was demonstrated in convalescent guinea pigs and in the sera of the wild rabbit (Sylvilagus braziliensis). PMID- 3923855 TI - Long-term modification on histamine-induced bronchoconstriction by disodium cromoglycate and ketotifen versus placebo. AB - In order to compare long-term changes induced on a wide spectrum of bronchial hyperreactivity (BH) by the antiallergic drugs disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) and ketotifen, 56 asthmatic patients (age range 15-55 years) were studied. Patients were allocated to three groups with similar age and BH level. During 2 months, 15 individuals inhaled 20 mg DSCG four times a day, 14 took ketotifen 1 mg twice a day orally and 14 one placebo (lactose) capsule twice a day. After preliminary results, an additional group of 13 patients took clemastine 1 mg orally twice a day for 1 week. Only the ketotifen and clemastine groups differed significantly from the placebo group on shifting log dose-response curves of inhaled histamine. In addition, no significant difference was seen between the ketotifen and clemastine groups. These results suggest that changes induced by ketotifen were mainly related to its powerful antihistamine action; similarly, nonspecific BH is not wholly dependent on mediator release. PMID- 3923854 TI - Immunological studies of experimental tsutsugamushi disease in congenitally athymic (nude) mice. AB - Athymic mice were taken ill and died from infection with the high virulence as well as the low virulence strains of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi, and they did not improve in spite of tetracycline therapy. Moreover, neither 7S nor IgM antibody was detected by immunofluorescent antibody method in serum samples of athymic mice infected with the high virulence strain. Although immune serum-transfer exhibited some protective effect in athymic mice infected with the high virulence strain, it was far lower than in euthymic mice. Although both athymic and euthymic mice having received non-immune T-lymphocytes were taken ill and died, the mice having received immune T-lymphocytes survived infection with the high virulence strain. This protective capacity of T-lymphocytes was weak by 10 days after immunization of donor mice, became firm after a month and lasted as long as 12 months without decay. For athymic mice infected with the low virulence strain, not only immune but also non-immune T-lymphocytes from euthymic mice exhibited significant protective effect. By treatment of immune T-lymphocytes with anti-Thy 1.2 or anti-Lyt-1.2 alloserum, the protective capacity was lost entirely, and considerably diminished by treatment with anti-Lyt-2.2 alloserum in a homologous system using the high virulence strain. The results show that the inhibition of progress of tsutsugamushi disease is principally dependent on cellular immune mechanism(s) and that the production of antibody against R. tsutsugamushi is thymus-dependent. PMID- 3923856 TI - A method for producing normocarbia during general anaesthesia for Caesarean section. PMID- 3923857 TI - [Intracranial pressure during ketamine administration with spontaneous respiration. An animal experimental model]. AB - A sequence of i.v. ketamine injections, 0.5, 2.0, and 5.0 mg/kg body weight, was given to thirty piglets. At the beginning of the investigation, 10 of these animals had a normal intracranial pressure and stable circulation. The intracranial pressure of the remaining 20 piglets was raised to 30 mm Hg, and an additional haemorrhagic shock was induced in 10 of these animals. Those animals with a normal intracranial pressure showed no alteration there of at any of the three doses given, and the arterial pCO2 remained practically unchanged. In contrast, all animals with a raised intracranial pressure, both with and without superimposed haemorrhagic shock, had a significant rise in intracranial pressure and pCO2. These two parameters were found to correlate well with each other. We conclude that in the model used, where the animals were breathing spontaneously, the intracranial pressure rise seen following ketamine application is secondary to the increase in pCO2. PMID- 3923858 TI - [Pulmonary function during a 10-day successful extracorporeal CO2 elimination in acute respiratory failure. Case report]. AB - Extracorporeal CO2-removal (ECCO2-R) with low-frequency positive-pressure ventilation (LFPPV) may relieve the acutely injured lung from the burden and the risks of excessively high ventilatory minute volumes and airway pressures. It was the purpose of this study to document the evolution of lung function during clinical ECCO2-R with special emphasis on extravascular lung water. ECCO2-R was applied in a 21-year-old female patient suffering from severe post-traumatic infectious adult respiratory distress syndrome. The indication for ECCO2-R was based on the following findings: total static lung compliance 25 cm X cm H2O-1; arterial pO2 50 mm Hg with an inspiratory oxygen concentration of 100%; intrapulmonary right-to-left shunt over 50% of the cardiac output; and extravascular lung water 24 ml X kg-1 (normal 4.5-7 ml X kg-1). ECCO2-R was shown to provide satisfactory conditions for improving the above-mentioned abnormal parameters of pulmonary function. Pressure-limited low-frequency mechanical ventilation allowed successful management of several pneumothoraces with bronchopleural fistulas which occurred during the procedure. It is concluded that these complications of positive airway pressure would have led to the patient's death under the conditions of conventional mechanical ventilation. PMID- 3923859 TI - A nitrocellulose-filter assay for the binary complex of 5-fluorodeoxyuridylate and Lactobacillus casei thymidylate synthetase. AB - The interaction of 5-fluorodeoxyuridylate (FdUMP) with thymidylate synthetase to form a binary complex has been widely reported, yet previous attempts to detect this complex by nitrocellulose filtration have failed. In contrast, a nitrocellulose-filter-binding assay utilizing [6-3H]FdUMP which measures the interaction of the enzyme with the nucleotide is reported. Extensive washing of the nitrocellulose-filtered complex between FdUMP and the enzyme resulted in no loss of bound ligand. Following denaturation with trichloroacetic acid, intact complex was detected by nitrocellulose filtration. No binding was observed between 5-fluorodeoxyuridine and the enzyme or between FdUMP and the N ethylmaleimide-modified enzyme. As measured by the nitrocellulose filtration method, at least a 600-fold excess of FdUMP to enzyme was required to achieve saturation. The stoichiometry of FdUMP bound to the enzyme detected at saturation was 0.5-0.6 for native samples. When identical samples were subjected to denaturation prior to filtration, the stoichiometry of nucleotide binding was 0.3 0.4. PMID- 3923860 TI - A further characterization of Drosophila cuticular monoenes using a mass spectrometry method to localize double bonds in complex mixtures. AB - Positions of double bonds of olefins of complex mixtures, such as those of Drosophila cuticular hydrocarbons, have been determined using a simple method combining methoxymercuration-demercuration of extracts and analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry using ammonia for chemical ionization. Chemical similarities between cuticular monoenes of both sexes of Drosophila simulans and males of Drosophila melanogaster are specified: the major isomer is always in position 7. PMID- 3923861 TI - Selective microdetermination of lipid hydroperoxides. AB - A sensitive and selective assay for lipid hydroperoxides was developed based upon the activation by hydroperoxides of the cyclooxygenase activity of prostaglandin H synthase. The assay measures hydroperoxides directly by their stimulatory action on the cyclooxygenase and thus differs from the methods used currently which rely on the measurement of secondary products to estimate the amount of hydroperoxide. The present assay of enzymatic response was approximately linear in the range 10 to 150 pmol of added lipid hydroperoxide. This sensitivity for lipid peroxides is about 50-fold greater than that of the thiobarbiturate assay with fluorescence detection. When applied to samples of human plasma, the enzymatic assay indicated that the concentration of lipid hydroperoxides in normal subjects is 0.5 microM, more than 50-fold lower than estimated by the thiobarbiturate assay (30-50 microM). Nevertheless, the circulating concentration of 0.5 microM lipid hydroperoxide approaches that reported to have deleterious effects upon vascular prostacyclin synthase. PMID- 3923862 TI - A sensitive and rapid method for assaying the activity of type III procollagen amino-terminal proteinase. AB - A rapid assay procedure was developed for measuring the rate of cleavage of the amino-terminal propeptide of type III procollagen. The method was based on the sequential precipitation of type III collagen and uncleaved pN-collagen by 30% ammonium sulfate, while the free amino-terminal propeptide remained in solution and could be further precipitated by 60% ammonium sulfate. Consistently better results were obtained than with the earlier method in which absolute ethanol was used as the precipitant, and selective precipitation was confirmed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the pellets. The high sensitivity of this method facilitates relatively rapid assays even from small amounts of cultured cells. PMID- 3923863 TI - Separation of complexes containing protein A and IgG or Fc gamma fragments by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - Protein A of Staphylococcus aureus is a bivalent Fc receptor that can form complexes with immunoglobulin G (IgG) or Fc gamma fragments that activate humoral (e.g., complement) and cellular (e.g., lymphocyte) components of the immune system both in vitro and in vivo. To obtain complexes formed between protein A of Staphylococcus aureus (SpA) and rabbit IgG or Fc gamma fragments for purposes of characterizing their compositions and studying their biological activities, we have used high-performance liquid chromatography to separate complexes in 20 min. Complexes were prepared with trace amounts of 125I-SpA and 131I-IgG or 131I-Fc gamma to simplify the analyses. With excess molar amounts of IgG or Fc gamma the complexes have the molecular formulas [(IgG)2SpA]2 or [(Fc gamma)2SpA]2. With excess SpA, complexes corresponding to (IgG)(SpA) or (Fc gamma)(SpA) are formed, perhaps with other complexes that have different ratios of components. Since SpA is a rod-shaped molecule it elutes at a molecular weight corresponding to 240,000 rather than the true value of 42,000. This behavior is reflected in the elution of certain complexes at shorter retention times than expected on the basis of actual molecular weights, and facilitates separation of complexes from free IgG or Fc gamma. The true molecular weights and molecular formulas of complexes isolated by HPLC were verified by ultracentrifugation. This HPLC method was used to study the interconversion and stability of complexes. PMID- 3923864 TI - Identification of peptides containing tryptophan, tyrosine, and phenylalanine using photodiode-array spectrophotometry. AB - The characteristic absorption spectra of aromatic amino acids between 240 and 310 nm were used to identify tryptophan, tyrosine, and phenylalanine-containing peptides. In acidic solution, the absorption spectra of these amino acids exhibit minima or maxima at 255, 270, and 286 nm. Based on these characteristics, the content of the aromatic amino acid in peptide can be estimated. For this study, 2 nmol of tryptic peptides from human apolipoprotein A-1 was separated by high performance liquid chromatography using a reverse-phase column. The peptide fragments were monitored by a photodiode-array spectrophotometer. This new approach offers a rapid, simple, sensitive, and direct identification of peptides containing aromatic amino acids. Those containing Trp, which may be of interest for DNA sequencing and important in sequence analysis of proteins, can be selectively purified using this technique. PMID- 3923865 TI - Long-term, pulsatile, low dose, subcutaneous luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone administration in men with idiopathic oligozoospermia. Failure of therapeutic and hormonal response. AB - In four normal men with a history of long standing infertility, severely disturbed sperm qualities (determined in at least three spermiograms), normal serum luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) levels (measured over a time period of 90 minutes), and lack of evidence of further andrological or other obvious endocrine disorders the effectiveness of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) treatment was investigated. LH-RH was administered subcutaneously with a portable, comterized infusion pump (Zyclomat) for 3 months, with administration intervals of 90 minutes and bolus dosages of 5 micrograms (three patients) and 20 micrograms (one patient). Semen qualities during and after LH-RH treatment, as compared to pretreatment values, showed no improvement in volume of ejaculate, number of sperms per milliliter and motility. During or at the end of the treatment period no evident differences were observed in serum LH, FSH and testosterone levels (measured over a 90 minutes period) compared with hormonal values before LH-RH therapy, nor at the low-dose (5 micrograms) neither at the high-dose (20 micrograms) administration schedule. It is concluded that pulsatile subcutaneous LH-RH treatment in normogonadotropic, oligozoospermic men does not seem to improve the therapeutical arsenal. PMID- 3923866 TI - Motility of seminal plasma-free spermatozoa in the presence of several physiological compounds. AB - The purpose of this pilot study was to get information whether the motility and velocity of washed human spermatozoa can be affected by different compounds usually found in seminal plasma. The following purified substances wee added to washed spermatozoa in physiological concentrations: bradykinin, angiotensin I, II, III, spermine, spermidine, acetylcarnitine, LH and FSH. Sperm motility and velocity were measured by the method of multiple exposure photography after 30 minutes of incubation at 22 degrees C and 37 degrees C including appropriate controls. Bradykinin improved sperm velocity at 22 degrees C. Angiotensin I and II, acetylcarnitine and LH stimulated sperm velocity at 37 degrees C. The latter two substances increased also sperm motility at 37 degrees C. Angiotensin III, spermine, spermidine and FSH showed no effect on sperm motility neither at 22 degrees C nor at 37 degrees C. These observations indicate that distinct physiological compounds found in seminal plasma stimulate directly sperm motility and/or velocity in vitro and support the assumption that the sperm motility stimulating principle of human semen is complex and of multifactorial origin. PMID- 3923867 TI - Hormone profiles at high altitude in man. AB - Altitude induced alterations in circulatory levels of PRL, LH, FSH and testosterone were studied in seven eugonadal men at sea level (SL), during their stay at high altitude (HA, 3500 m) and a week after return to SL. The mean plasma PRL level at SL was 5.83 +/- 1.7 SE ng/ml. On day one and seven of arrival at HA, the PRL values of 7.81 +/- 1.81 and 9.21 +/- 1.64 ng/ml respectively were not significantly different (p greater than 0.05) than the initial SL values. However, on day 18 of stay at HA, PRL levels were significantly increased (p less than 0.01) to 17.68 +/- 1.82 ng/ml and returned to initial SL values within seven days of return to SL. A significant decrease (p less than 0.01) in LH and testosterone was observed on seventh day of stay at HA and the decreased levels were maintained till day 18 of observations. Plasma testosterone returned to the initial SL values within a week of return to SL, whereas LH levels remained significantly lower (p less than 0.01). The FSH levels did not show any significant change during their stay at HA or after return to SL. These observations suggest that exposure to altitude is associated with hyperprolactenemia and an impaired pituitary gonadal function. The decreased levels of LH and testosterone at HA could either be due to hypoxic stress per se or secondary to altitude induced hyperprolactenemia. PMID- 3923868 TI - Fentanyl and alfentanil suppress brainstem pain transmission. AB - The effects of intravenously administered fentanyl (25 micrograms/kg, n = 9; 50 micrograms/kg, n = 5) and alfentanil (12.5 micrograms/kg, n = 5; 25 micrograms/kg, n = 7) on the noxiously evoked, single-unit activity of cells in the nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis (NRGC) were studied in decerebrate cats. Only cells of the NRGC excited exclusively by supramaximal electrical stimulation of A delta fibers (noxious stimulation) of the superficial radial nerve were studied. The noxiously evoked activity of all cells in the NRGC was suppressed by the administration of opioids (by 58 and 88% for fentanyl, 25 micrograms/kg and 50 micrograms/kg, respectively; by 35 and 78% for alfentanil 12.5 micrograms/kg and 25 micrograms/kg, respectively). Fentanyl and alfentanil effects were antagonized by the intravenous administration of naloxone. These results indicate that opioid suppression of noxiously evoked activity is seen in neurons located in the brainstem, and thus suppression of brainstem neurons may be important in the production of fentanyl and alfentanil analgesia. PMID- 3923869 TI - Acute cardiopulmonary effects of nitroglycerin in canine oleic acid pulmonary edema. AB - In a canine model of acute respiratory failure, the authors investigated acute cardiopulmonary effects of nitroglycerin (TNG) and compared the results with those obtained after phlebotomy. Oleic acid increased intrapulmonary shunt (Qs/Qt) from 7.4 to 31% (P less than 0.001) and decreased (P less than 0.01) cardiac output (CO). In the presence of assumed low-pressure pulmonary edema, TNG was infused to decrease mean blood pressure (BP) by 40%; this was associated with a 26% decrease (P less than 0.05) in CO. Qs/Qt increased from 31 to 42% (P less than 0.01). There was a slight increase (P less than 0.01) in pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) with TNG, and mean pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) decreased (P less than 0.05). In contrast, when CO was decreased by a similar amount with phlebotomy, mean Qs/Qt did not significantly change. There were similar changes in PVR and PAP and mixed venous O2 tension with TNG and phlebotomy. Accordingly, current results rule out increased flow, increased PVO2, and mechanical alterations in pulmonary vascular pressures as contributory to the increase in Qs/Qt with TNG. Alternatively, the increase in Qs/Qt with TNG may be explained by a direct pharmacologic decrease in pulmonary hypoxic vasoconstriction and/or by nonspecific pharmacologic effects. PMID- 3923870 TI - Modification of electroconvulsive therapy induced hypertension with nitroglycerin ointment. PMID- 3923871 TI - [The epizootiology and control of sarcocystosis in swine]. PMID- 3923872 TI - [Hormonal evaluation in male infertility]. AB - Recent progress in the study of the hormonal regulation of spermatogenesis justifies endocrine examination in the case of male sterility. The most important complementary investigation are the assays of FSH, LH and plasmatic testosterone. Radioimmunoassay of FSH is the fundamental examination, since this hormone is considered to be an indicator of germinal function. Thus, in the case of oligospermia, or even azoospermia, FSH assay is decisive. When the FSH levels (in conjunction with LH levels) are high and combined with azoospermia, there is a possibility of testicular dysgenesis linked with a karyotype anomaly (XXY etc.). In some cases the germinal affection is secondary to cryptorchidism, orchitis, torsion, medicinal alteration, or radiotherapy. Decreased testosterone values combined with an insufficient FSH and LH response to stimulation tests indicate a gonadotrophic deficit, which is the best indication for substitution therapy using gonadotrophins or LH-RH. An increase in LH, contrasting with a normal FSH value, evokes the exceptional case of a disturbance of androgen receptivity. Normal FSH (and LH) values suggest excretory sterility. Lastly, when hyperprolactinemia is suspected, an assay of plasmatic prolactin is necessary. A "simple" hormonal evaluation allows a routine etiological approach to the diagnosis of sterility, and is thus an important element in the investigative strategy applied to male sterility, used along with the other complementary and indispensible examinations. PMID- 3923873 TI - [Mechanisms regulating ovulation rate and oocyte maturation. Maturation induction and superovulation]. AB - The follicular growth takes longer in most mammals than it does in rodents: (4 to 15 days between the antral stage and ovulation in rodents, versus 65 days in women). The ovulation rates typical of animal species are mainly regulated during two critical periods: antrum formation and a few days before ovulation. The FSH level appears to be determinant, but in the animal species or races whose ovulation rate is near one, a dominant follicle is involved in the atresia of others. Increasing the level of gonadotrophins, especially of FSH, results in superovulation. However, the results are often irregular, with prolonged maturations and ovulations and oocytes of uncertain quality. Using pituitary gonadotrophins instead of placental or urinary hormones considerably increases the number of oocytes available and improves the development of embryos if the FSH/LH ratio of pituitary gonadotrophins is adjusted to the species involved. Thus, the main problem concerns the quality of the oocyte. At the present time, no criterion allows a prediction of the quality of the oocyte, and the complexity of the mechanisms involved in its intrafollicular maturation do not foreshadow a simple and rapid solution. However, appreciable improvements in our techniques are possible on the basis of current knowledge. PMID- 3923874 TI - Evaluation of the gas transfer characteristics of porous copolyurethane oxygenator membranes. AB - Porous copolyurethane membranes were prepared by solvent casting thin polymer films onto fibrous substrates. Pore size, water filtration rates, and gas transmission rates were measured to determine the influence of substrate, polymer type, and coating thickness on the membrane properties in the dry and wet state. Cellulosic substrates were not as satisfactory as were polyethylene, polyester, or nylon substrates. Porous membranes formed on these latter substrates had gas transfer rates similar to silicone rubber membranes. Although O2 transfer was similar to Gore-Tex and Celgard, CO2 transfer was less, apparently due to fewer pores in the copolyurethane membranes and possible wetting of the pores by water. PMID- 3923875 TI - Susceptibility of cats, sheep, and swine to a rabbit isolate of Encephalitozoon cuniculi. AB - Newborn cats, pigs, and sheep (3 to 14 days old) and postweanling cats (2.5 months old) that had been inoculated with Gardner feline sarcoma virus and feline leukemia virus at 10 days of age were infected experimentally with a rabbit isolate of the mammalian protozoan parasite Encephalitozoon cuniculi. Infection occurred in all cats and in some sheep, but was questionable in pigs. Brain and kidney were the 2 major target organs in cats. The lesions were compatible with, but less severe than, those of naturally infected cats and other carnivores. Of 13 cats, E cuniculi could be detected morphologically in the kidneys of 12 cats and in the brain of 1 cat. The organisms were reisolated from 2 cats with ground tissue suspension of kidney or urine sediment. The indirect immunofluorescence antibody (IFA) titers were 1:20 to 1:1,280 at the time the animals were killed, but antibodies were not detected before inoculation. Lesions were seen in the kidneys of 2 of 4 sheep. These lesions were mild, but were compatible with those in a spontaneously affected goat. Encephalitozoon cuniculi were found morphologically in the kidney of 1 sheep with lesions. All sheep had IFA titers of 1:10 to 1:20 before inoculation, and the titers were 1:20 to 1:320 when they were killed. Vasculitis, similar to the subacute-to-chronic stage of polyarteritis nodosa, was observed in 1 of 8 pigs. The lesions were primarily present in the kidney; comparable but milder lesions were also seen in the heart and brain. Antibody was not detected before inoculation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3923876 TI - Failure of superoxide dismutase to alter equine arachidonic acid-induced platelet aggregation, in vitro or ex vivo. AB - Superoxide dismutase (SOD), a free radical scavenger with anti-inflammatory activity, was administered IM to horses. Ex vivo platelet aggregation in response to arachidonic acid was monitored to determine whether exogenous SOD altered equine platelet prostaglandin metabolism. Preparations of platelet-rich plasma obtained before SOD administration were incubated with different concentrations of SOD and were aggregated with arachidonic acid. Superoxide dismutase did not exert a demonstrable effect, either ex vivo or in vitro. Aspirin abolished arachidonic acid-induced platelet aggregation in vitro. This indicates that SOD (in the resting state) does not exert an effect on platelet-derived free radicals that could alter the arachidonic acid pathway of equine platelets, that equine platelets do not release free radicals, or that equine platelets are insensitive to the products formed from free radicals by SOD. PMID- 3923877 TI - Swing-beds in rural hospitals meet needs for extended care. PMID- 3923878 TI - Normal standards for an incremental progressive cycle ergometer test. AB - One hundred healthy subjects (50 male and 50 female), selected to provide an even distribution of age (15 to 71 yr) and height (165 to 194 cm in males and 152 to 176 cm in females), underwent a progressively incremental (100 kpm/min each min) exercise test to a symptom-limited maximum. Measurements were made of O2 intake and CO2 output, ventilation and breathing pattern, heart rate and blood pressure, and rating of perceived exertion. The ventilatory anaerobic threshold was identified. Predictive data were derived for measurements at maximal and submaximal exercise. Maximal power output (Wmax) and oxygen intake (VO2max) varied with sex (0, male; 1, female), age (yr), and height (Ht, cm): Wmax = 20.4 (Ht) - 8.74 (Age) - 288 (Sex) - 1,909 kpm/min (SEE, 216; r, 0.858); VO2max = 0.046 (Ht) - 0.021 (Age) - 0.62 (Sex) - 4.31 L/min (SEE, 0.458; r, 0.869). The extent of leisure time activity exerted a positive influence on VO2max (r, 0.47; p less than 0.001); VO2max was also related to lean thigh volume (r, 0.79). Maximal heart rate (HR) declined as a function of age: HRmax = 202 - 0.72 (Age) beats/min (SEE, 10.3; r, 0.72). Maximal O2 pulse (O2Pmax) was related to height and was systematically higher in males than in females: O2Pmax = 0.28 (Ht) - 3.3 (Sex) - 26.7 ml/beat (SEE, 2.8; r, 0.86). Ventilation was closely related to CO2 output, and the maximal tidal volume was related to vital capacity. The VO2 increased linearly with power throughout the test; in an individual subject, the intercept of this relationship was positively influenced by weight and height.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3923879 TI - The pathogenesis of low glucose, low pH malignant effusions. AB - Possible mechanisms to explain the finding of a low pH, low glucose, malignant pleural effusion include: use of glucose and acid production by pleural fluid constituents including leukocytes and free malignant cells; pleural membrane metabolism, especially by malignant cells; abnormal transfer of glucose, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen ion across a diseased pleural membrane. To determine the pathogenesis of low glucose, low pH effusions, we performed incubation and glucose and gas transport studies in 5 patients with malignant effusions, 3 with a low pH (less than 7.30) and 2 with a pH greater than 7.30 (control patients). After 24 h of incubation, there was no significant difference in the metabolic activity of pleural fluid between low pH fluids and control fluids. Transport studies confirmed impaired glucose transfer both into and out of the pleural space and impaired efflux of CO2 from the pleural space in patients with low pH effusions, whereas control patients demonstrated free transfer across the pleural membrane. It appears that an abnormal pleural membrane (tumor or fibrosis), rather than increased acid production, results in a low glucose concentration from impaired glucose transfer from blood to pleural fluid and a low pH from impaired hydrogen ion efflux in some malignant effusions. PMID- 3923880 TI - Techniques of DNA hybridization detect small numbers of mycobacteria with no cross-hybridization with non-mycobacterial respiratory organisms. AB - The traditional methods used in identifying mycobacteria, such as acid-fast bacillus stains and culture, are often time-consuming, insensitive, and nonspecific. As part of an ongoing program to improve diagnosis and characterization of mycobacteria, we have found that deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) hybridization techniques using isotopically labeled, single-stranded, total DNA can be used to detect as little as 10(-4) micrograms of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTb) DNA. This amount of DNA represents approximately 2 X 10(4) genomes. We have also shown the MTb DNA is sufficiently different from the DNA of non-mycobacterial microorganisms such that cross-hybridization with MTb DNA does not occur under the hybridization conditions we employed. We speculate that DNA hybridization techniques may allow the rapid, sensitive, and specific identification of mycobacteria. PMID- 3923881 TI - Leukotriene inhibitors attenuate rat lung injury induced by hydrogen peroxide. AB - It is known that reactive oxygen species cause lung injury in association with activation of arachidonate metabolism. Because metabolites of the cyclooxygenase pathway do not appear to mediate the injury, we considered that the 5 lipoxygenase pathway might be activated and that inhibition of the pathway could interfere with the development of the injury. Thus, we sought to induce an oxidant lung injury and to prevent such injury by inhibiting lipoxygenase pathway or by blocking leukotriene action. In isolated rat lungs, glucose oxidase added to a glucose-containing, cell-free perfusate was used to produce the injurious oxygen species. Lung edema occurred and increased with increasing oxygen tension in the inspired air. Light microscopy of the lung showed perivascular fluid cuffs, and electron microscopy showed endothelial cell damage. Measurements in the lung effluent showed that concentrations of 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5 HETE) and of cyclooxygenase metabolites increased after glucose oxidase administration; BW 755C, U60,257, and FPL 55712 inhibited the glucose-oxidase induced lung edema. And U60,257 also inhibited the glucose-oxidase-induced increase in 5-HETE without concomitant inhibition of cyclooxygenase metabolites. Thus, glucose oxidase via generation of active oxygen species stimulated the lung 5-lipoxygenase pathway, and inhibitors of 5-lipoxygenase protected against the oxidant lung injury. Further, in these experiments, the injury occurred in the absence of circulating blood cells and was augmented by increasing the inspired oxygen concentration. PMID- 3923882 TI - Pseudomonas cepacia colonization among patients with cystic fibrosis. A new opportunist. AB - Pseudomonas cepacia colonization among patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) at our center has increased from 7% (of 419 patients) to 15% (of 450 patients) over the past 5 yr (July 1978 through June 1983). The proportion of patients dying with P. cepacia colonization has increased over this 5-yr period (Year 1, 9% (1/11) of the deaths were associated with P. cepacia; Year 5, 55% (16/29) were associated with P. cepacia). These observations have led to a heightened concern regarding the presence of P. cepacia in the CF population. Characteristics of the patient population that might relate to P. cepacia colonization were reviewed. Increasing numbers of patients in good clinical condition became colonized with P. cepacia. Females in good clinical condition who acquire P. cepacia appear to be at special risk of developing severe and unexpected pulmonary complications that often end in death. In contrast, males, regardless of clinical condition, appear less likely to experience an immediate decline in clinical status. Hospitalization is potentially implicated in contributing to the increase in P. cepacia colonization because many patients' initial positive cultures were concurrent with or followed a hospital stay. Sixteen patients with CF and P. cepacia had siblings with CF, 6 of whom subsequently acquired P. cepacia. This frequency is more than double that in our overall CF population. PMID- 3923883 TI - Respiratory heat loss is not the sole stimulus for bronchoconstriction induced by isocapnic hyperpnea with dry air. AB - It is uncertain if respiratory heat loss or respiratory water loss is the stimulus for bronchoconstriction induced by isocapnic hyperpnea or exercise with dry air in subjects with asthma. We partially separated these 2 stimuli by having 18 subjects with asthma breathe dry air (0 mg/L water content) at increasing ventilations by isocapnic hyperpnea while we measured the increase in specific airway resistance (SRaw). The study was divided into 2 phases. In Phase 1, we used an apparatus with a single respiratory valve and evaluated the subjects' responses at 3 different inspired temperatures (-8.4, 20.5, and 39.4 degrees C). Seven of the subjects had esophageal catheters with 2 thermocouples in place to measure retrocardiac and retrotracheal temperatures. In this phase, we found that there were no significant differences in the ventilation required to cause a 100% increase in SRaw among the 3 different inspired temperatures (48.4 L/min, cold; 47.5 L/min, room temperature; 44.2 L/min, hot), even though the retrotracheal temperature fell more when the subjects breathed cold air at 40 L/min (2.1 degrees C) than when they breathed hot air (1.2 degrees C), suggesting greater airway cooling with the cold air. In Phase 2, in order to accurately measure inspired and exhaled temperatures and exhaled water content, we used 2 separate systems for delivering the inspired air and collecting the exhaled air at 2 different inspired temperatures (-21.4 and 38.9 degrees C). Again, we found that there was no significant difference in the ventilation required to cause a 100% increase in SRaw between the 2 different inspired temperatures (28.3 L/min, cold; 33.6 L/min, hot). When the subjects inhaled cold air, exhaled temperature was warmer than previously reported.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3923884 TI - 15-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid is a potent inflammatory mediator and agonist of canine tracheal mucus secretion. AB - It was shown that 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE) but not 15-H(P)ETE or 5-HETE is a potent agonist for secretion of glycoprotein-containing mucus from the in vivo canine trachea. Given by aerosol into the lungs or by intra-arterial injection into the trachea, 15 HETE also caused the chemotaxis of inflammatory cells into the lumen of the airways. Accompanying this inflammatory cell infiltrate was an increase (183%, p less than 0.05) of expiration of fluid in the partially saturated air coming from the lung. The levels of 15-HETE extracted from tracheal mucus correlated well with hillocks and weight of secreted mucus found in the mucus after hypoxia or after arachidonic acid loading. Indomethacin and atropine blocked the mucus secretagogue effect of 15-HETE in the trachea. Indomethacin and U-52, 412 (a 15-lipoxygenase inhibitor) pretreatment abolished a portion of the 15-HETE-induced enhancement of mucus weight and 15-HETE level in the secretion. PMID- 3923885 TI - Isoniazid-induced pure red cell aplasia. AB - Pure red blood cell aplasia (PRCA) is an extremely rare side effect of isoniazid (INH). We have encountered 2 patients who developed anemia caused by PRCA. One was receiving INH preventive therapy and the other was being treated with INH and rifampin. On withdrawal of INH, the anemia responded rapidly. For unexplained anemia during INH therapy, PRCA should be considered as a cause. PMID- 3923886 TI - Buccal nitroglycerin ointment in acute cardiopulmonary edema. PMID- 3923887 TI - Response of patients with mild and moderate hemophilia A and von Willebrand's disease to treatment with desmopressin. AB - Desmopressin was administered intravenously to 68 patients with hemophilia and von Willebrand's disease of mild or moderate severity to assess the safety, reproducibility, and range of response to this new therapeutic alternative. A rise in factor VIII-von Willebrand factor levels was seen in 64 patients, and the magnitude was sufficient to provide normal hemostasis in 55 to 68 spontaneous or traumatic bleeding episodes, dental procedures, or operations. Thus, our experience shows that most patients with mild or moderate hemophilia and von Willebrand's disease can be treated effectively without plasma derivatives. Patients who had two or more infusions of desmopressin at different times had similar responses each time, and members of the same family also had similar responses after desmopressin infusions. Because this drug can be administered without significant side effects, it should have an important role in the management of patients with mild or moderate hemophilia and von Willebrand's disease. PMID- 3923888 TI - [Carcinoid tumor of the ampulla of Vater and Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis]. AB - We report the fifth case of carcinoid tumour of Vater ampulla with Von Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis. We have reviewed the literature and discussed the significance of such an association which seems fortuitous. PMID- 3923889 TI - Corneal crystalline deposits and drusenosis associated with IgA-kappa chain monoclonal gammopathy. AB - An unusual case is presented in which corneal deposits in mid-to-deep stroma with Doyne's posterior pole drusenosis are the initial signs of an IgA-kappa monoclonal gammopathy. The case has several unique features. Corneal deposits have been described previously with IgG and IgM-kappa light chain gammopathies, but to our knowledge have not been described before with IgA-kappa monoclonal gammopathy. Corneal stromal deposits and associated macular drusen have been described with IgM monoclonal gammopathy, but not previously with IgA monoclonal gammopathy. Bietti described superficial perilimbal corneal deposits with fundus albipunctatus, whereas the present case shows diffuse central deep corneal deposits with macular drusen. PMID- 3923890 TI - [Epidermal nevus syndrome (of Solomon, Fretzin and Dewald)]. AB - Epidermal naevus syndrome is an entity which has been well established by Solomon, Fretzin and Dewald since 1968, presenting cutaneous, visceral, ocular, osseous and neurological malformations. We report a case with multiple osseous manifestations affecting the entire skeleton, but mainly the skull (osteolysis with absence of frontal bone), the vertebral column (scoliosis with triple deviation), the upper right limb (demineralisation and multiple pathological fractures) and lower members (fractures of the right and left femur) with enlargement of the entire ventricular system and well marked scissures, signs of an cortico-subcortical atrophy shown by scanogram. PMID- 3923891 TI - [Natural hosts of Trypanosoma cruzi in French Guiana. High endemicity of zymodeme 1 in wild marsupials]. AB - During an epidemiological survey in French Guiana, three species of Marsupiala were found infected by Trypanosoma cruzi with high infection rates (30,8% for Didelphis marsupialis). Six Triatomine bug species were recorded, five of them being well known vectors of Chagas' disease. Iso-enzyme characterization of 22 stocks isolated (16 from D. marsupialis, 3 from Philander opossum and 3 from Rhodnius prolixus) revealed that they were all related to zymodeme 1 of Miles. The silvatic cycle is endemic in the various ecotopes studied. The high prevalence rates of infection in D. marsupialis in the human settlement of Cacao and the finding in this locality of domestic breeding of Rhodnius pictipes lead to suspect the occurrence of a peridomestic cycle in this village. The evidence of R. prolixus colonizing houses in the vicinity of Cayenne emphasizes the risk of Chagas' disease in French Guiana. PMID- 3923892 TI - [Early enteral feeding by jejunostomy in severe digestive surgery. Analysis of 75 cases]. PMID- 3923894 TI - Alteration of pituitary-thyroid function in patients with chronic renal failure treated by haemodialysis or continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. AB - Pituitary-thyroid function was investigated in 60 patients with chronic renal failure and 18 normal subjects. Serum triiodothyronine and free thyroxine levels were lower in patients treated by either haemodialysis or continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis compared with the normal subjects. Serum thyroxine and free thyroxine index were significantly lower in the haemodialysis-treated patients than in the normal subjects. There were no differences in serum thyroxine and free thyroxine index between the continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis treated and normal groups. Serum thyrotrophin was not raised in any of the groups but the serum thyrotrophin response to thyrotrophin-releasing hormone was blunted in both groups of patients. Basal serum prolactin and growth hormone were raised in both groups of patients but there was no significant difference between them. This study confirmed that pituitary-thyroid function is abnormal in patients receiving haemodialysis and established that a similar pattern of abnormalities occurs in patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. PMID- 3923893 TI - [Cardiovascular complications due to naftidrofuryl]. AB - The authors report the case of a serious cardiovascular complication due to naftidrofuryl overdosage following its intravenous administration. Other similar complications have already been reported in the literature and in experimental animal studies (particularly involving the conduction system of the heart). Since naftidrofuryl belongs to the class of local anesthetics and is pharmacologically related to procainamide, certain precautions must be closely followed if it is administered intravenously: avoidance of rapid injection directly into the vein, limiting the infusion to 200 to 400 mg given over a 3 hour period using preferably a constant infusion syringe pump or an infusion pump, and using caution when associated with other medications, particularly antiarrhythmic agents which could affect atrioventricular or intraventricular conduction. PMID- 3923895 TI - The development of a fluoroimmunoassay for beta-2-microglobulin in serum. AB - A liquid-phase fluoroimmunoassay has been developed for the measurement of beta-2 microglobulin in undiluted serum or plasma. Protein labelled with fluorescein isothiocyanate at a molar ratio of 1:2 respectively is employed as a tracer together with an antiserum to beta-2-microglobulin raised in a sheep. Separation is achieved by means of rabbit anti-sheep immunoglobulin G and, following precipitation of the bound fraction by centrifugation, the free fraction together with any potentially interfering factors is removed in the supernatant. Finally the precipitate is dissolved and the fluorescence measured. The assay is simple and rapid in that all reactants, including the second antibody, can be added at the start of the assay and equilibrium is attained within 60 min. The assay is reproducible and sufficiently sensitive to allow measurement of normal serum levels and has a wide range avoiding the need for sample dilution. Results correlated well with those of an established radioimmunoassay. PMID- 3923896 TI - Improved performance of plasma gonadotrophin assays using common reagents and assay protocols: evidence from the UK External Quality Assessment Scheme. AB - Radioimmunoassay kits prepared in the Chelsea Hospital for Women for follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinising hormone (LH) have been used in 26 UK laboratories for over 2 years. Data from the UK External Quality Assessment Schemes for FSH and LH have been used to provide an independent assessment of the performance of these kits over a 12-month period. For both analytes, users of the kits were found to have: a low variability of the bias, implying good within laboratory, between-assay precision; a lower between-laboratory, within-sample geometric coefficient of variation than users of 'own' methods, implying better between-laboratory agreement; method bias that did not differ significantly from laboratories using 'own' method protocols. This survey indicates that a non commercial organisation can produce immunoassay kits that improve the quality of FSH and LH assays generally available. PMID- 3923897 TI - Genetic marker association in schizophrenia: ABO, MN, Rhesus and Lewis blood groups. AB - One hundred and twelve Chinese male patients suffering from schizophrenia were investigated for the distribution of A1A2BO, MN, Rhesus (genotypes) and Lewis(a) blood groups. The same genetic markers were investigated in 114 Chinese male blood donors. Two more published series--one on the distribution of ABO blood groups and the other on Le(a) blood groups in healthy Chinese males were also used as additional control series. The relative frequencies on these blood groups were examined between the schizophrenics and the control series. There was no significant association of ABO, MN and Rhesus blood groups in schizophrenia. However, a significant association was observed with the Le(a) blood groups with an excess of Le(a) positives in schizophrenia (p less than 0.02). PMID- 3923898 TI - The Mcg light chain: multiple conformations derived from a single amino acid sequence. PMID- 3923899 TI - Monoclonal antibodies against cell-surface antigens of developing cells of Myxococcus xanthus. AB - Monoclonal antibodies (MCA) have been developed against cell surface antigens (CSA) of Myxococcus xanthus undergoing fruiting body formation. Three of these antibodies are directed against CSA which increase during development, six against CSA which decrease and three against CSA which show no change during development. Western-type immunoblots have been done to determine the molecular weights of the CSA to which the various MCA bind. Various applications of these MCA to the study of myxobacterial cell interactions are discussed. PMID- 3923900 TI - Morphological and cell wall alterations in thermosensitive DNA mutants of Bacillus subtilis. AB - Incubation of thermosensitive dna mutants of Bacillus subtilis at the nonpermissive temperature results, at the cellular level, in the appearance of swellings. The study of one particular type of swelling, named "terminal balloon", reveals that the occurrence of the latter was correlated with completion of rounds of DNA replication. Morphological and autoradiographic observations reveal that (a) cell wall consists of two layers, (b) the outer layer splits at a fixed distance from the cell pole and allows the formation of a balloon contained within a single wall layer and (c) the bulk of active synthesis of cell wall is localized in the balloon area leading to the formation of a near spherical monolayer. Implications of these results for cell wall morphogenesis are discussed. PMID- 3923901 TI - Stimulation and inhibition of cell division in synchronized Escherichia coli. AB - Escherichia coli was synchronized by centrifugal elutriation. When grown in a Tris-based medium, addition of EDTA resulted in division about 20 min earlier (division of control at t = 75 min). EDTA addition caused a change in cell shape, with cells becoming narrower and longer, whereas the surface area to volume ratio increased. Irradiation with UV inhibited not only division and constriction, but also the increase in DAP incorporation found in dividing control cells. Possibly, division requires the construction of new polar caps, whereas premature division might involve remodeling of existing murein. In both cases, cell shape is presumed to be a relevant factor for division. PMID- 3923902 TI - Division patterns and cellular differentiation in cyanobacteria. PMID- 3923903 TI - The fine structure and chemical composition of the cell wall and sheath layers of cyanobacteria. PMID- 3923904 TI - Morphological changes in Bacillus subtilis with genetic and phenotypic origins. PMID- 3923905 TI - Factors contributing to helical shape determination and maintenance in Bacillus subtilis macrofibres. AB - Bacillus subtilis, normally a rod-shaped organism, can grow in the form of a helix with pitch ranging over a spectrum from tight right-handed to tight left handed depending upon the growth environment and genetic composition of the strain. Five factors have been identified which contribute either to the helical shape deformation or its maintenance: 1) a biomechanical component involving blocked rotation during growth; 2) cell wall polymer conformation; 3) a protein(s) concerned with the left-hand form produced at high temperature; 4) electrostatic aspects of the cell wall; and 5) water, as it affects the mechanical properties of cell walls and the structure of cell wall polymers. The findings are compatible with a model in which the cell wall polymers are inserted in helical orientation along the cylindrical portion of the cell during growth. PMID- 3923906 TI - [Sensitivity of Neisseria polysacchareae to antibiotics]. AB - A new taxon had previously been described in the genus Neisseria and it was proposed that "Neisseria polysacchareae" be the provisional epithet for this new "species". In the present work, susceptibility to antibiotics was determined using agar dilution tests. The tested strains of "N. polysacchareae" were isolated from throat, those of N. meningitidis from cases and carriers, and those of other species of Neisseria were from culture collections. The strains of "N. polysacchareae" were less sensitive than those of N. meningitidis, particularly to rifampicin, mecillinam and macrolide antibiotics; they were resistant to colistin and vancomycin and could therefore be isolated on selective medium for pathogenic Neisseria spp. PMID- 3923908 TI - Pseudomonas aeruginosa: new therapeutic approaches from basic research. PMID- 3923907 TI - The pharmacology of aldose reductase inhibitors. PMID- 3923909 TI - An evaluation of antipseudomonal antimicrobic agents. AB - The data summarized above indicate that major strides have been made in the use of beta-lactam antibiotics for serious infections due to P. aeruginosa. Emergence of resistance during therapy is a worrisome feature of the antipseudomonal beta lactams. It is also disturbing that in no animal model of infection has beta lactam monotherapy been superior to aminoglycoside monotherapy or the combination of an aminoglycoside with an antipseudomonal penicillin. Imipenem, used alone, has equalled aminoglycoside antibacterial activity in some experimental settings and may be an exception. In most hospitals, aminoglycoside resistance occurs at a low and predictable incidence. Aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity is infrequent, mild in severity, and reversible. The quinolone family appears promising but clinical studies are pending. Based on the available data, it appears that the standard therapy of serious life-threatening infection due to P. aeruginosa remains the combination of an aminoglycoside and an antipseudomonal penicillin. PMID- 3923910 TI - Genetics of exopolysaccharide production by mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - The secretion of the exopolysaccharide, alginate, is believed to contribute to the predilection for persistence of P. aeruginosa in respiratory tract infections of cystic fibrosis patients. To understand more about the pathway of alginate biosynthesis, we have cloned a gene, alg-50, which is involved in alginate biosynthesis. The alg-50 gene was physically mapped on a DNA fragment from P. aeruginosa by deletion analysis and transposition mutagenesis. The alginate trait is unstable, and another clone was found which may contain genes involved in this phenomenon. The two uronic acid components in alginate can vary, and a gene was cloned which increases the L-guluronate concentration of alginate produced by P. aeruginosa. PMID- 3923911 TI - Characterization of mouse monoclonal antibodies directed against Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipopolysaccharides. AB - Mouse monoclonal antibodies that react with O-side chain specific, O-side chain cross-reactive, and core P. aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide determinants have been isolated. The monoclonals directed at O-side chain determinants are generally opsonophagocytic with human neutrophils and human complement. They also protect mice from intraperitoneal and intravenous challenge and protect in the burned rat model of infection. PMID- 3923912 TI - Prospects for a mucoid exopolysaccharide vaccine for the prevention of infection due to mucoid strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - The problem of infection with MPA is virtually limited to pulmonary infection in patients with CF. Conventional vaccine strategies may not be appropriate because the pathogenesis and epidemiology of the infection is so different from the usual acute bacterial infections. MPA strains appear to be suited to long-term parasitism of immune hosts so initial prevention of colonization may be a necessary function of a vaccine. Since infected hosts have antibody to many antigenic components of PA, vaccines which have been used for PA up until now may not have any protective effect for patients with CF. If the switch from NMPA to MPA colonization in vivo is due to the development of host immunity, some vaccines could conceivably promote infection with MPA. A vaccine which produces antibody to the alginate-like mucoid exopolysaccharide might, however, discourage colonization with MPA and studies of this strategy should be promoted. PMID- 3923913 TI - Pseudomonas aeruginosa surface polysaccharide vaccines. New therapeutic approaches from basic research. AB - Surface polysaccharide antigens, expressed by strains of P. aeruginosa, are readily available for interaction with the host immune systems. These interactions could potentially result in development of protective immunity against P. aeruginosa infections. Classic strains of P. aeruginosa isolated from immunocompromised hosts and the environment generally express cell surface LPS antigens containing the serotype determinant. Antibody to these determinants has clearly been shown to be protective in both animals and humans. Immunization with a nontoxic, high molecular weight polysaccharide fraction, obtained from the culture supernate of P. aeruginosa, results in the induction of high titered, functional antibody against the type specific determinant. In addition, experimental protocols in animals have shown that a T cell-mediated immunity against type specific antigens can also provide protective immunity. Although the role of T cell-mediated immunity in protection against P. aeruginosa infections is unclear, it may be important in augmenting antibody-mediated protection. P. aeruginosa isolates from CF patients generally do not express type-specific antigens. They do, however, express a different cell surface polysaccharide, MEP. Antibody to this material is made by the colonized CF host, but it clearly is not associated with protective immunity. Animal antibody raised to this material is able to mediate opsonic killing of mucoid strains of P. aeruginosa. Therefore, the antibody response to MEP made by the CF patients may be non-opsonic, or if opsonic, may indicate that antibody to this antigen is not protective in CF patients. Antibody to MEP is able to interact with a low level of human complement for opsonic killing, suggesting that this antibody may be of use in the lung of the CF patient, where complement components may be either low or inactive. PMID- 3923914 TI - Structure and functions of Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide. PMID- 3923915 TI - Opsonin-independent phagocytosis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - Three nonmucoid revertant P. aeruginosa strains from cystic fibrosis patients were phagocytized by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the absence of serum. Phagocytosis was inhibited by D-mannose and by mannose-containing sugars. Bacteria killed by heat or ultraviolet irradiation or grown in shaken broth were devoid of pili and resistant to nonopsonic phagocytosis. The mucoid parents of two phagocytosis-susceptible nonmucoid revertant strains were resistant to nonopsonic phagocytosis. The nonmucoid revertants were more hydrophobic in nature than the mucoid parents, but they were comparably piliated. Nonopsonic phagocytosis of P. aeruginosa by human neutrophils appears to be mediated in part by pili. Other factors such as the mucoid coating of certain strains may interfere with this process. PMID- 3923916 TI - [Antibiotic sensitivity of staphylococci associated with adenoviruses]. AB - Antibiotic sensitivity to 8 staphylococcal strains was determined in artificial associations of bacteria and viruses before and after contact with adenoviruses of serotypes 2 and 7 under appropriate control. It was shown that after contact with the adenoviruses the antibiotic sensitivity of the staphylococci usually increased and they showed significant strain specificity. An attempt was made to explain the causes and mechanisms of the phenomena on the basis of the experimental and literature data. PMID- 3923917 TI - [Tetracycline resistance controlled by plasmids of Pseudomonas aeruginosa with a wide spectrum of bacterial hosts]. AB - PBS222 and pBS223 plasmids with a wide spectrum of bacterial hosts detected in strains of P. aeruginosa control resistance of the cells of P. aeruginosa ML4262 (PAO) and E. coli C600 to 300 and 200 micrograms/ml of oxytetracycline respectively increasing 15 and 20 times their resistance to the antibiotics. The constant of the antibiotic elimination from the cells of P. aeruginosa ML4262 containing pBS223 plasmid is 3.5 times higher than the entry constant, while the constants of the antibiotic entry and elimination in the cells containing pBS222 plasmid are almost the same. Accumulation of tetracycline by the cells containing pBS223 plasmid decreases 2.8 times and that by the cells containing pBS222 plasmid decreases 1.7 times. The determinants of tetracycline resistance in pBS222 and pBS223 plasmids may be referred to the class TetC. PMID- 3923918 TI - [Joint cultivation of Streptococcus lactis, LMU strain, and various species of yeasts]. AB - When S. lactis, strain LMU and yeast were plated out simultaneously on media containing different amounts of amine nitrogen and vitamins, the yeast did not stimulate the synthesis of nisin. Plating out of S. lactis on media with grown cultures of the Rostov baker's yeast, American baker's yeast, Candida guilliermondii, Candida clausenii, Fabospora fragilis, Fabospora macedoniensis, Octosporomyces octosporus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, races "Ya" and "M" and Saccharomyces globosus resulted in inhibition of the S. lactis growth and nisin synthesis. Cultivation of S. lactis on media with grown cultures of Saccharomyces ludwigii, Hansenula anomala, Kluyveromyces lactis, Endomyces magnusi, Zigowilliopsis californicus, and Rhodotorula colostri resulted in formation of an association providing active growth and development of S. lactis with complete realization of its biosynthetic capacity. PMID- 3923919 TI - [Spectrophotometric method of determining phenoxymethylpenicillin in the air]. AB - A modified spectrophotometric method is recommended for the control of the air condition at pharmaceutical plants manufacturing phenoxymethylpenicillin and its dosage forms. The method is based on measuring absorption of the mixture solutions at two (258 and 268) and three (253, 268 and 261) wave lengths. The limit of the measuring in the solution volume is 0.015 mg. The air samples are collected on filters AFA-VP-20 or AFA-KHP-20 at an aspiration rate of 15-20 l/min and then the antibiotic is extracted in a 0.04 per cent solution of sodium bicarbonate. PMID- 3923920 TI - Selective inhibition of the accumulation of extracellular proteases of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by gentamicin and tobramycin. AB - Gentamicin and tobramycin inhibited the accumulation of extracellular proteases secreted by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The secretion of protease was inhibited at concentrations of these drugs that were below the level required to inhibit general protein synthesis. Neither magnesium ions nor high ionic strength antagonized the ability of the aminoglycosides to block secretion of the proteases. Under these culture conditions magnesium ions were shown to antagonize the effects of the aminoglycosides on protein synthesis and aminoglycoside mediated lysozyme lysis of P. aeruginosa. These results suggested that the drugs blocked secretion of the proteases by acting at the level of the outer membrane. PMID- 3923921 TI - In vitro and in vivo activities of formycin B against Trypanosoma cruzi. AB - The inosine analog formycin B was examined for in vitro and in vivo activities against Trypanosoma cruzi. concentration of formycin B as low as 0.1 microgram/ml markedly inhibited intracellular multiplication of T. cruzi strains both in macrophages and in L929 cells. Mice infected with 10(5) blood form trypomastigotes of the highly virulent strain Y of T. cruzi were completely protected against death by treatment with 11.8 or 5.9 mg of formycin B per kg administered intraperitoneally each day for 19 days. Four different strains of T. cruzi were used, and each was susceptible to formycin B administered either intraperitoneally or orally. Parasitological cure, however, was not achieved with any of the treatments used, including prolonged treatment for up to 10 weeks. Formycin B has a remarkable capacity for inhibiting the in vitro intracellular replication of T. cruzi and protecting mice against death due to the acute infection with the organism. It does not appear, however, to be able to completely eliminate T. cruzi from infected mice. PMID- 3923922 TI - Antibacterial activity of mupirocin (pseudomonic acid), a new antibiotic for topical use. AB - Mupirocin (pseudomonic acid A), an antibiotic produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens, showed a high level of activity against staphylococci and streptococci and against certain gram-negative bacteria, including Haemophilus influenzae and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, but was much less active against most gram negative bacilli an anaerobes. Nearly all clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis, including multiply resistant strains, were susceptible (mupirocin MIC, less than or equal to 0.5 microgram/ml). There was no cross-resistance between mupirocin and clinically available antibiotics, and the selection of resistant variants in vitro occurred at a low frequency. Mupirocin was highly bound (95% bound) to the protein of human serum, and activity was reduced 10- to 20-fold in the presence of human serum. The activity of mupirocin was not greatly influenced by inoculum size but was significantly enhanced in acid medium. In tests of bactericidal activity, MBCs were 8- to 32-fold higher than MICs and the antibiotic demonstrated a slow bactericidal action in time-kill tests, resulting in 90 to 99% killing after 24 h at 37 degrees C. PMID- 3923923 TI - Inhibition of the rate of 14CO2 production from [14C]ethanol in rats given beta lactam antibiotics with disulfiram-like effects. AB - An animal model has been developed to investigate the potentials of various beta lactam antibiotics for inducing (or producing) disulfiram-like effects. The method, which measures the rate of 14CO2 production in rats after [14C]ethanol administration, is simple to operate and sensitive. On the basis of available clinical information the model appears to be highly predictive for the likely incidence of disulfiram-like side effects in humans. Rats were pretreated intravenously with beta-lactam antibiotics (420 or 500 mg/kg-1) 18 h before ethanol administration or with N-methyl tetrazole thiol (NMTT; 1-methyl-5 mercaptotetrazole) at 96 mg kg-1, 6 h before ethanol administration. The rate of 14CO2 production was decreased to 70 to 80% of control levels by NMTT and the NMTT-containing beta-lactam antibiotics moxalactam, cefamandole, and cefoperazone. Cefotaxime, cephalothin, and cefuroxime which do not contain the NMTT side chain had no significant effect on 14CO2 production. Oral administration of moxalactam (500 mg kg-1) and NMTT (96 mg kg-1) 18 and 6 h, respectively, before ethanol administration significantly decreased 14CO2 production. Intravenous administration of moxalactam (500 mg kg-1) to rats with cannulated bile ducts 18 h before ethanol administration had no statistically significant effect on 14CO2 production, although the rate of 14CO2 production was decreased to 89% of the control level. The effect of dose level and dose interval was also investigated by using moxalactam. The results obtained support the hypothesis that disulfiram-like side effects associated with beta-lactam antibiotics are mediated by NMTT which is released and reabsorbed from the gut after biliary elimination of the parent beta-lactam antibiotic. The time course of inhibition of ethanol metabolism by moxalactam appears to differ from that of disulfiram. PMID- 3923924 TI - In vitro susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to 2-acetylpyridine thiosemicarbazones. AB - MICs of 20 2-acetylpyridine thiosemicarbazones and penicillin were determined for 25 clinical isolates of beta-lactamase-positive and beta-lactamase-negative Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains. The compounds most active against the beta lactamase-producing strains were the N4,N4-disubstituted derivatives and the thiosemicarbazone derivatives of the 2-acetylpyridines, followed by the other compounds related to the 2-acetylpyridine thiosemicarbazones. PMID- 3923925 TI - Tobramycin resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells growing as a biofilm on urinary catheter material. AB - When disks of urinary catheter material were exposed to the flow of artificial urine containing cells of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a thick adherent biofilm, composed of these bacteria and of their exopolysaccharide products, developed on the latex surface within 8 h. After this colonization, sterile artificial urine containing 1,000 micrograms of tobramycin per ml was flowed past this established biofilm, and a significant proportion of the bacterial cells within the biofilm were found to be still viable after 12 h of exposure to this very high concentration of aminoglycoside antibiotic. Planktonic (floating) cells taken from the test system just before the exposure of the biofilm to the antibiotic were completely killed by 50 micrograms of tobramycin per ml. The MIC of tobramycin for cells taken from the seeding cultures before colonization of the catheter material, and for surviving cells recovered directly from the tobramycin treated biofilm, was found to be 0.4 micrograms/ml when dispersed cells were assayed by standard methods. These data indicate that growth within thick adherent biofilms confers a measure of tobramycin resistance on cells of P. aeruginosa. PMID- 3923926 TI - Mechanism of action of aflatoxin B1 in Bacillus megaterium. AB - Bacillus megaterium cells from various growth phases were equally susceptible to the lethal effects of aflatoxin B1. Known surfactants (EDTA and Tween-80) accentuated the effects of aflatoxin B1. Viability and inulin uptake in aflatoxin B1-exposed cells decreased considerably. The effect was concentration dependent. A straight-line relationship observed in the death curve indicated a single target for aflatoxin B1 action in B. megaterium. Leakage of intracellular constituents in B. megaterium was also concentration dependent, and this can be related to the extent of cell membrane damage. PMID- 3923927 TI - Biotransformation of tetrachloroethylene to trichloroethylene, dichloroethylene, vinyl chloride, and carbon dioxide under methanogenic conditions. AB - Tetrachloroethylene (PCE) and trichloroethylene (TCE), common industrial solvents, are among the most frequent contaminants found in groundwater supplies. Due to the potential toxicity and carcinogenicity of chlorinated ethylenes, knowledge about their transformation potential is important in evaluating their environmental fate. The results of this study confirm that PCE can be transformed by reductive dehalogenation to TCE, dichloroethylene, and vinyl chloride (VC) under anaerobic conditions. In addition, [14C]PCE was at least partially mineralized to CO2. Mineralization of 24% of the PCE occurred in a continuous flow fixed-film methanogenic column with a liquid detention time of 4 days. TCE was the major intermediate formed, but traces of dichloroethylene isomers and VC were also found. In other column studies under a different set of methanogenic conditions, nearly quantitative conversion of PCE to VC was found. These studies clearly demonstrate that TCE and VC are major intermediates in PCE biotransformation under anaerobic conditions and suggest that potential exists for the complete mineralization of PCE to CO2 in soil and aquifer systems and in biological treatment processes. PMID- 3923928 TI - Molecular cloning of Bacillus sphaericus penicillin V amidase gene and its expression in Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. AB - The Bacillus sphaericus gene coding for penicillin V amidase, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of penicillin V to yield 6-aminopenicillanic acid and phenoxyacetic acid, has been isolated by molecular cloning in Escherichia coli. The gene is contained within a 2.2-kilobase HindIII-PstI fragment and is expressed when transferred into E. coli and Bacillus subtilis. The expression in B. subtilis carrying the recombinant plasmid is approximately two times higher than in the original B. sphaericus strain. A comparison of the purified enzyme from B. sphaericus and the expressed gene product in E. coli minicells suggests that the native enzyme consists of four identical subunits, each with a molecular weight of 35,000. PMID- 3923929 TI - Characterization and molecular cloning of cryptic plasmids isolated from Lactobacillus casei. AB - Four small cryptic plasmids were isolated from Lactobacillus casei strains, and restriction endonuclease maps of these plasmids were constructed. Three of the small plasmids (pLZ18C, pLZ19E, and pLZ19F1; 6.4, 4.9, and 4.8 kilobase pairs, respectively) were cloned into Escherichia coli K-12 by using pBR322, pACYC184, and pUC8 as vectors. Two of the plasmids, pLZ18C and pLZ19E, were also cloned into Streptococcus sanguis by using pVA1 as the vector. Hybridization by using nick-translated cloned 32P-labeled L. casei plasmid DNA as the probe revealed that none of the cryptic plasmids had appreciable DNA-DNA homology with the large lactose plasmids found in the L. casei strains, with chromosomal DNAs isolated from these strains. Partial homology was detected among several plasmids isolated from different strains, but not among cryptic plasmids isolated from the same strain. PMID- 3923930 TI - Characterization of aquatic bacteria and cloning of genes specifying partial degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. AB - Water samples from rivers, streams, ponds, and activated sewage were tested for the presence of bacteria which utilize 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) as a sole source of carbon. Seventy percent of the attempted enrichments yielded pure cultures of 2,4-D-metabolizing bacteria. All but 1 of the 30 isolates were gram-negative rods, all but 2 were motile, and all were nonfermentative and oxidase and catalase positive. Nine isolates had DNA guanine-plus-cytosine values of 61.1 to 65 mol%. One isolate had a 67 mol% guanine-plus-cytosine value. The results suggest that these 2,4-D-metabolizing bacteria belong to the genus Alcaligenes. Fourteen of 23 isolates contained one or more detectable plasmids of about 20, 60, or 100 megadaltons. HindIII restriction fragment patterns showed these plasmids to be different from each other with one exception. Very similar restriction fragment patterns were revealed with a plasmid isolated from an Alcaligenes eutrophus strain obtained from Australia (pJMP397) and in an Alcaligenes sp. isolated in Oregon (pEML159). These two plasmids were about 56 megadaltons, had the same guanine-plus-cytosine value, were transmissable, and coded for 2,4-D metabolism and resistance to HgCl2. Hybridization of these two plasmids was demonstrated by using nick-translated 32P-labeled pJMP397. The vector pBR325 was used to clone HindIII fragments from pEML159. One cloned fragment of 14.8 megaldaltons expressed in Escherichia coli the ability to release 14CO2 from 2,4-D labeled in the acetate portion. PMID- 3923931 TI - Production and regulation of cellulase by two strains of the rumen anaerobic fungus Neocallimastix frontalis. AB - Cellulase production was examined in two strains of Neocallimastix frontalis, namely, PN-1 isolated from the ovine rumen, and PN-2 from the bovine rumen. For both strains, carboxymethylcellulase (CMCase) had a pH optimum of 6.0 and a temperature optimum of 50 degrees C. CMCase resided mainly in the culture fluid, and activities up to 170 U ml-1 (1 U represents 1 microgram of glucose equivalents released per min) were obtained for cultures grown on 2.5 mg of cellulose ml-1. For resting cultures of strain PN-1, the yield of CMCase increased from 9.9 X 10(3) to 10.4 X 10(4) U per g of cellulose degraded, as the initial cellulose concentration decreased from 10 to 0.58 mg ml-1. The range for PN-2 was 8.1 X 10(3) to 11 X 10(4) U g-1. Shaking cultures improved yields for strain PN-1 but not for PN-2. Decreased CMCase production at high initial cellulose concentrations concurred with accumulation of glucose, and addition of glucose (4 mg ml-1) to cultures grown on low cellulose in which none of the sugar accumulated repressed CMCase. Adsorption of CMCase was excluded as a likely explanation for decreased yields at high initial cellulose as only a low proportion (less than 20%) of the enzyme was adsorbed onto the growth substrate. Exoglucanase, measured with alkali-treated Sigmacell or Avicel, gave low levels of activity in the culture fluid (less than 2 U ml-1) and did not appear to be associated with the fungal rhizoid, as treatment with various solubilizing agents failed to give increased activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3923932 TI - Effects of environmental factors on toxicity of a cyanobacterium (Microcystis aeruginosa) under culture conditions. AB - Effects of light intensity, temperature, and nutrients on the toxicity of Microcystis aeruginosa were investigated, using a toxic strain which kills mice. A marked change in toxicity was observed in the light intensity experiment, and slight changes were observed to be caused by temperature and phosphorus deficiency. PMID- 3923933 TI - A cytosolic FAD-containing enzyme catalyzing cytochrome c reduction in Trypanosoma cruzi. I. Purification and some properties. AB - A cytosolic flavoprotein enzyme for the protozoan, Trypanosoma cruzi, has been purified essentially to homogeneity by DEAE-cellulose and 2',5'-ADP-agarose column chromatography. The native enzyme has a molecular weight of 100,000 +/- 6,000, is composed of two identical subunits of molecular weight 52,000 +/- 1,000, and contains FAD in the ratio of 1 mol of FAD per mol of enzyme subunit. The enzyme is NADPH-dependent and is capable of reducing cytochrome c, ferricyanide, 2,6-dichloroindophenol, and menadione, but not adrenalin. It does not hydroxylate either sodium salicylate or sodium p-hydroxybenzoate, but N methylaniline and N,N-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde-supported oxidation of NADPH has been demonstrated. Plots of initial velocity against NADPH concentration give hyperbolic curves with Km values of 6.289 X 10(-5) M. The enzyme is clearly different from the microsomal NADPH-cytochrome c reductase in its intracellular distribution, molecular weight, dimeric nature, presence of only FAD, and activity against secondary and tertiary aromatic amines. PMID- 3923934 TI - Regulation of arachidonic acid metabolism in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells: stimulation of synthesis of the cyclooxygenase system by 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate. AB - Stimulation of Madin-Darby canine kidney cells by 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13 acetate (TPA) results in an increase in prostaglandin synthesis. We have measured the specific activity of the cyclooxygenase system in a cell-free assay and demonstrate that a fourfold induction occurs by 6 h poststimulation. This induction could be prevented by continuous treatment with either cycloheximide or actinomycin D. When cycloheximide was added to cells 6 h post-TPA stimulation we found only a 50% reduction in prostaglandin synthesis over the ensuing 6 h in vitro; this decrease in activity was not observed when actinomycin was used. On the other hand, cells stimulated with TPA for 6 h and subsequently treated with cycloheximide or actinomycin D ceased prostaglandin synthesis completely within 1 h. These results suggest that TPA stimulation of prostaglandin synthesis requires both transcriptional and translational events but that a factor(s) in addition to or in place of the cyclooxygenase might be crucial. PMID- 3923935 TI - A novel proteolytic activity in serum processes rat prohaptoglobin. AB - The heterotetrameric plasma glycoprotein rat haptoglobin previously was shown to be synthesized by hepatocytes in a precursor form, prohaptoglobin, which contains one alpha-subunit region and one beta-subunit region. Two of these molecules, each with a molecular weight of 45,000, are joined by a disulfide bond and subsequently the subunit regions of each polypeptide are separated by site specific proteolysis, yielding the tetrameric native protein. Although some of this processing occurs intracellularly, a substantial proportion of the prohaptoglobin is secreted [J. M. Hanley, T. H. Haugen, and E. C. Heath (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 7858-7869]. However, a proteolytic activity was found in rat plasma and serum which also is capable of site-specific cleavage of prohaptoglobin. Further investigation of this novel activity has demonstrated that it cleaves prohaptoglobin accurately, in the same site-specific manner as the intracellular protease, and that it most likely is not a serine protease or a metalloenzyme but can be inhibited by sulfhydryl-reactive compounds. Furthermore, it appears to be synthesized and secreted by hepatocytes, and thus may be identical to the intracellular processing protease. PMID- 3923936 TI - Activation and oligomerization of immobilized biodegradative L-threonine dehydrase. AB - Biodegradative L-threonine dehydrase of Escherichia coli (radio labeled with [3H]pyridoxine) was immobilized on CNBr-activated Cl-Sepharose. The specific catalytic activity and S0.5 values of the matrix-bound dehydrase in the presence of AMP were similar to those of the soluble oligomeric enzyme in the presence of AMP (matrix-bound, associated dehydrase). When the bound dehydrase was washed with AMP-free buffer, about 50% of the bound dehydrase was removed and about 50% remained attached, as measured by radioactivity. The resulting matrix-bound, dissociated dehydrase possessed activity in the absence of AMP as is characteristic of soluble, unactivated dehydrase. The bound, dissociated dehydrase was capable of binding nearly an equal amount of soluble dehydrase in the presence of AMP; this treatment raised the specific enzyme activity of the bound dehydrase to 83% of that of the original matrix-bound, associated dehydrase. These observations correlate with the effects of AMP on the activity and quaternary structure of soluble dehydrase. When AMP was added to the matrix bound, dissociated dehydrase, the activation observed was only a small fraction of that obtained with soluble dehydrase plus AMP. The failure of AMP to activate the major fraction of immobilized dehydrase monomer strongly suggests that dimerization is required in the activation by AMP. PMID- 3923937 TI - Modulation of the expression of interleukin 2 receptors of human thymocytes by recombinant interleukin 2. AB - The effect of purified recombinant interleukin 2 on the expression of the receptors for interleukin 2 by human thymocytes was examined. Interleukin 2 augmented the expression of interleukin 2 receptors and interferon-gamma synthesis by thymocytes activated with concanavalin A, and it was required to maintain the growth of thymocytes in vitro and the expression of interleukin 2 receptors. The increase observed in the number of receptor bearing thymocytes and in the density of receptors due to interleukin 2 occurred within the first 2 days of culture. Dexamethasone inhibited the expression of interleukin 2 receptors, the synthesis of interferon-gamma, and the early proliferation and protein synthesis of lectin-activated thymocytes during the first 2 days of culture. The inhibitory effect of dexamethasone on the expression of interleukin 2 receptors and on the synthesis of interferon-gamma was reversed by interleukin 2, whereas its effect on proliferation and on protein synthesis during the first two days of culture was not reversed by interleukin 2. Interleukin 2 induced the proliferation of thymocytes in vitro, even in the absence of activation by lectin; however, the number of cells displaying receptors which could be detected with anti-Tac remained low throughout the first week of culture and interferon gamma synthesis was not observed. Nonetheless, interleukin 2-induced proliferation was inhibited by anti-Tac on a dose dependent manner. The results of the study document that recombinant interleukin 2, like purified natural interleukin 2, is required for the expression of interleukin 2 receptors, for interferon-gamma synthesis, and for the growth of thymocytes in vitro. PMID- 3923938 TI - Lysosome-associated membrane proteins: characterization of LAMP-1 of macrophage P388 and mouse embryo 3T3 cultured cells. AB - Lysosome-associated membrane protein (LAMP)-1, a major glycoprotein of mouse embryo 3T3 cells and specifically associated with the lysosomal membrane, has been identified in P388 macrophage cells and compared with the homologous glycoprotein of NIH 3T3 cells. Immunofluorescence microscopy with anit-LAMP-1 monoclonal antibodies shows that the antigen was distributed throughout P388 cells including the ruffled edges or pseudopodia, identical to the pattern of acridine orange accumulation. LAMP-1 was purified from P388 cells by affinity chromatography with 1D4B monoclonal antibody, yielding a homogeneous glycoprotein comprising 0.1% of the total detergent-extracted cell protein. The apparent mass of P388 LAMP-1 was 130,000 to 150,000 compared to the 3T3 glycoprotein of 105,000 to 115,000. Analysis of tryptic peptides indicated that the two purified glycoproteins were highly homologous. Protein synthesis was analyzed in a variety of cell lines by pulse-chase labeling with [35S]methionine; in every case, LAMP-1 was synthesized as a precursor of apparent Mr 92,000, and then converted to heterogeneous mature forms differing in average Mr from 110,000 to 140,000. The basis for these apparent differences in mass was examined by studies of the biosynthesis and oligosaccharide composition of the glycoprotein. Core polypeptides of 45,000 Da were obtained from both HaNIH and P388 cells by treating immunoprecipitates of [35S]methionine pulse-labeled molecules with endoglycosidase H. Cells treated with monensin contained heterogeneous molecules of 80,000 to 85,000 Da. Isoelectric heterogeneity of mature LAMP-1 was markedly reduced by treatment with neuraminidase whereas there was little effect on the apparent molecular weight of the molecules or the differences between the various cell lines. beta-D-Xyloside inhibition of glycosaminoglycan synthesis had little effect on the apparent mass of LAMP-1. PMID- 3923939 TI - [Phase II study of UFT for head and neck cancer]. AB - A Phase II study of UFT for head and neck cancer was conducted in 10 institutions. UFT is a mixture of Futraful and uracil. Eighty-four patients entered this trial, of which 60 were evaluable. UFT was administered orally at a daily dose of 600 mg/day. Eight patients achieved complete response and 10 achieved partial response with an over-all response rate of 30.0 %. Evaluating response according to by histology, the response rate was 30.9% for cases of squamous cell carcinoma. Complete response was observed in one case of undifferentiated carcinoma. Response rate according to primary site was 33 to 40% for the nose & paranasal sinuses, mesopharynx, hypopharynx and larynx. The response rate was 28.9% for the group of patients treated previously, and 33.3% for the group previously untreated. The mean time for 50% or more regression of the tumor was 4.3 weeks. Toxic effects appeared in 40.3% of 67 evaluable cases as anorexia, nausea, vomiting, stomatitis, diarrhea etc. In one case of maxillary carcinoma, severe bone marrow suppression was observed. We concluded that UFT therapy was markedly effective for head and neck cancer. PMID- 3923940 TI - [UFT concentration in serum and tissues of patients with gynecologic malignant tumors following oral administration]. AB - Oral UFT was given to patients with genital carcinoma prior to surgery. 5-FU, FT and uracil levels in the tumor site were then measured in the surgical specimens obtained. Simultaneous estimates of tissues and plasma 5-FU indicated that the amount of drug in the tumor site (0.227 +/- 0.117 micrograms/g wet weight) had a 6.3-fold increase in concentration compared with that in normal tissues (0.036 +/ 0.019 micrograms/g wet weight) and was approximately 13.4 times that of the peripheral circulation (0.017 +/- 0.007 micrograms/ml). The rate of increase in concentration of tissue 5-FU rose especially in carcinoma of the cervix (0.394 +/ 0.215 micrograms/g), corpus uteri (0.116 +/- 0.042 micrograms/g) and ovary (0.171 +/- 0.047 micrograms/g). In the case of carcinoma of the cervix, the concentration of 5-FU in the tumor site was found to be about 14.1 times higher in invasive carcinoma than in carcinoma in situ. 5-FU concentration in the tumor site showed a still higher level compared with normal tissue after the drug was administered, suggesting an accumulation of 5-FU within the tumor. PMID- 3923941 TI - [A controlled study of surgical adjuvant chemoimmunotherapy with FT-207 and OK 432 for advanced stomach cancer: the fourth study]. AB - A prospective randomized trial of surgical adjuvant chemoimmunotherapy was conducted in patients who had undergone palliative gastrectomy for previously untreated advanced stomach cancer. Immediately after surgery, one hundred and forty-seven patients were randomized to receive either chemoimmunotherapy with FT 207 plus OK-432 (group A) or chemotherapy with only FT-207 (group B). The number of patients subjected to this analysis was 134 cases (group A: 70 cases, group B: 64 cases) because thirteen patients were excluded. FT-207 was administered orally and OK-432 was administered intracutaneously. There were no differences in the background factors influencing survival time between the two groups. While the survival rate of group A patients was higher than that of group B patients, the difference in the survival rate between the two study groups was not statistically significant. However, in patients with less differentiated cancer (poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, signet-ring cell carcinoma) the survival rate of group A patients was significantly (p less than 0.05) higher than that of group B patients. The results of the present study show that OK-432 administered intracutaneously is effective in elevating the survival rate of patients receiving chemotherapy with FT-207 for advanced stomach cancer (especially for less differentiated cancer). PMID- 3923942 TI - [Intra-arterial chemotherapy with nor-adrenaline. Experimental study 1 (enhancement of anti-tumor effect and tumor vessels)]. AB - We have performed studies to observe whether the administration of nor-adrenaline during intraarterial chemotherapy has the possibility of increasing the permeability of tumor vessels and thus enhancing the anti-cancer effects. The tumor model was Walker-256, which was implanted into the dorsum side of the hindpaw of Wistar rats. Tumors were divided into those in which tumor vessels were not apparent after two days (D-2 group), and those in which vessels appeared after four and six days (D-4 and 6 group). Vascular permeability within the tumors was measured quantitatively using Evans Blue (EB) uptake volume in the tumor after intraarterial injection of 10 mg of EB with nor-adrenaline (nor-ad group) or the same dose of EB alone (control group). The mean values for the nor ad group/control groups were calculated as the permeability activity of vessels enhanced by administration of nor-adrenaline in the D-2 to 6 group. The permeability activity of the D-2 group was 0.8, while that of the D-4 and 6 group was 2.5. The 90-day survival ratio was not improved in the D-2 group (P greater than 0.1), but was improved in the D-4 and 6 group (P less than 0.005) by intraarterial administration of 0.5 mg/kg of MMC with 2 mcg of nor-adrenaline, compared with the same dose of MMC alone. Therefore, the use of nor-adrenaline in intraarterial chemotherapy was observed to increase the permeability of tumor vessels and improve the treatment results. PMID- 3923943 TI - [Metabolism of 1-(2-tetrahydrofuryl)-5-fluorouracil (FT-207) in human maxillary cancer (OKK) cells in culture]. AB - Incubation of FT-207 with cytosol obtained from OKK cells but not from HEPM cells in vitro resulted in marked formation of the active metabolite, 5-FU. Degradation of 5-FU measured by FBA formation was very low in OKK cytosol but high in HEPM cytosol. High activity of 5-FU formation and low activity of 5-FU degradation in tumor cells might be responsible for increased 5-FU levels in the tumors of patients. Inhibition of OKK cell growth by FT-207 occurred in parallel with an appearance of 5-FU in the nucleus. We presume that a factor present in OKK cytosol is a soluble enzyme. PMID- 3923944 TI - Long term management of congenital cataracts. AB - Presentation and outcome, particularly in terms of development, nursery, and school placement of 55 children with treated congenital cataracts was studied. Results indicate that although most children have satisfactory vision many of their parents would have welcomed more support at the time of the diagnosis, an opportunity to talk to parents of similarly affected children, and further advice on their child's early development and educational placement. It is suggested that improved communications between clinicians, therapists, and teachers, and parents' support groups would be helpful to these families. PMID- 3923946 TI - Estimation of arterial oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions by a single transcutaneous sensor. AB - A transcutaneous electrochemical sensor designed to estimate arterial oxygen (Pao2) and carbon dioxide (Paco2) tensions simultaneously and continuously was evaluated in newborn infants with respiratory illnesses. After calibration with two dry gas mixtures the sensor gave estimates of Pao2 and Paco2 that were comparable with those obtained by two separate electrodes that are already established in clinical use. PMID- 3923945 TI - Intestinal permeability changes and excretion of micro-organisms in stools of infants with diarrhoea and vomiting. AB - The relation between diarrhoea and vomiting, the excretion of stool micro organisms, and the passive intestinal permeability in 20 infants living in a deprived urban area was studied prospectively from birth to age 6 months. Intestinal permeability was measured from the ratio of lactulose to mannitol recovered in the urine of infants receiving feeds containing both markers. Micro organism excretion was found to occur in both the presence and absence of gastrointestinal symptoms, but a significantly higher mean intestinal permeability was recorded in those infants with symptoms and organisms in the stool than in those with neither. An increased intestinal permeability may be a sign of mucosal damage by intestinal micro-organisms. PMID- 3923947 TI - Human interferon-gamma induces expression of HLA-DR on keratinocytes and melanocytes. AB - Primary human epidermal cell cultures composed of keratinocytes and melanocytes were exposed to supernatants of phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated T cells, various lymphokines and interferon-beta, and checked for the emergence of HLA-DR antigen using immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy. HLA-DR expression was induced by the supernatants and human recombinant interferon-gamma (rIFN gamma), whereas recombinant interferon-alpha 2, interleukin-2 and non-recombinant human interferon-beta had no such effect. The threshold concentration of rIFN gamma required to induce this phenomenon was 10 IU/ml; no further increase of reaction intensity was observed using doses of more than 100 IU/ml. Maximum reaction intensity was achieved after 72 h of incubation; a minimum of 3 h of incubation with rIFN-gamma followed by 72 h incubation in rIFN-gamma-free medium proved sufficient to induce HLA-DR expression. The inductive effect of the supernatants and rIFN-gamma could be completely abrogated by pretreatment with excess doses of the monoclonal antibody GZ4 specific for human IFN-gamma. Keratinocytes and melanocytes reacted in an identical fashion both qualitatively and quantitatively in all experiments. These data indicate that IFN-gamma possesses specific signal functions in the induction of HLA-DR expression on epidermal cells. PMID- 3923948 TI - Photodynamic action of uroporphyrin on the complement system in porphyria cutanea tarda. AB - We investigated the effect of UV light (320-460 nm) on total hemolytic CH50 activity and C3 cleavage in sera obtained from 14 patients with porphyria cutanea tarda. Irradiation with 5, 10, or 50 J/cm2 resulted in a 12%-60% loss of CH50 and a 5%-30% cleavage of native C3 as estimated by planimetric evaluation of the immunoelectrophoretic C3 pattern. The complement changes were most pronounced in sera from patients with active disease and were minimal or absent in patients who were in remission. In all cases, the decrease of CH50 and C3 cleavage was proportional to the plasma-porphyrin concentration and the dose of radiation. After exposure to 320- to 460-nm light, similar changes were seen in normal human serum (NHS) to which exogenous uroporphyrin had been added. Beta-carotene and chloroquine had no inhibitory effect on the photodynamic complement activation. The C3 cleavage in irradiated NHS containing uroporphyrin was not affected by 10 mM EGTA, but was partially inhibited in the presence of 30 mM EDTA, thus indicating that the interaction of photoexcited uroporphyrin with the complement system differs from classical-pathway complement activation. PMID- 3923949 TI - High doses of antigen-nonspecific IgG do not inhibit pemphigus acantholysis in skin organ cultures. AB - A patient suffering from severe pemphigus vulgaris was treated using large-volume plasma exchange in combination with an immunosuppressive regimen. As some recent reports have shown evidence that polyclonal, polyspecific human IgG in high doses through the i.v. route (IGIV) protect target platelets in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura from attack by antiplatelet autoantibodies and/or immune complexes, we also administered IGIV to this pemphigus-vulgaris patient. In order to test the hypothesis that IGIV might protect in vitro-cultured human skin from acantholysis induced by pemphigus antibodies, studies with skin organ cultures were carried out using plasma from another pemphigus-vulgaris patient who had undergone plasma exchange. The preincubation of either the skin explants or the pemphigus plasma with various concentrations of IGIV (ranging from 0.15 to 15 mg/ml in the culture medium) did not prevent acantholysis induced by the pemphigus plasma nor did it inhibit the binding of the specific antibodies visualized by direct immunofluorescence. Thus, the assumption that IGIV may coat the pemphigus antigens on epidermal cells making them inaccessible to pathogenic autoantibodies was not substantiated by our tests in vitro; likewise, the hypothesis of functionally blocking autoantibody activity by means of anti idiotype effects of IGIV cannot be supported. PMID- 3923950 TI - Middle ear effusion in children and the indoor environment: an epidemiological study. AB - A prospective study of 337 children was carried out during a 3-month period. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the importance of indoor environmental factors in homes and day-care institutions for the incidence of middle ear effusion (MEE). The indoor environmental factors measured in institutions were carbon dioxide, temperature, and relative humidity. Conditions in the homes were assessed by a questionnaire. Middle ear effusion was measured by tympanometry. No relationship was found between indoor environmental factors and MEE, with the exception of parental smoking at home, which increased the frequency of MEE in children. PMID- 3923951 TI - Reduction of peripheral blood lymphocytes in patients receiving gold therapy for rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Peripheral blood lymphocytes were monitored prospectively in 10 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) receiving up to 1 g of sodium aurothiomalate. There was a significant fall in the absolute lymphocyte count from a mean +/- SEM of 1956 +/- 190/mm3 (1.956 +/- 0.19 X 10(9)/l) to 1232 +/- 210/mm3 (1.232 +/- 0.21 X 10(9)/l) (p less than 0.01). The number of of circulating lymphocytes fell in all patients by an amount which ranged between 108/mm3 (0.108 X 10(9)/l) and 1394/mm3 (1.394 X 10(9)/l), with a mean fall of 727/mm3 (0.727 X 10(9)/l). No significant change was noted in the total white cell count or total polymorphonuclear cell count over the same period. In contrast there was no change in the total lymphocyte count in an age and sex matched group of RA patients treated with penicillamine. This previously unreported observation may give new insight into the mechanism of action of gold salts in RA. PMID- 3923952 TI - The lupus anticoagulant, pulmonary thromboembolism, and fatal pulmonary hypertension. PMID- 3923953 TI - ABO and Rhesus (D) gene frequencies in the Negroid population of South West Niger. PMID- 3923954 TI - Benefits, shortcomings, and costs of EEG monitoring. AB - A 5-year experience with 562 carotid endarterectomies, using electroencephalogram (EEG) monitoring and selective shunting, was reviewed. EEG changes occurred in 102 patients (18%). The frequency of EEG changes, as related to cerebral vascular symptoms, was as follows: transient ischemic attacks, seven per cent (19/259); completed strokes, 37% (36/98); vertebral basilar insufficiency, 24% (32/135); asymptomatic, 21% (15/71). Patients with contralateral carotid occlusion exhibited EEG changes in 37% (28/76) of operations. Fifteen patients suffered perioperative strokes (2.6%). Nine of the 15 were associated with a technical problem of either thrombosis of the internal carotid artery (five) or emboli (four). Technical problems were more common when shunts were used (five per cent) than when they were not (0.9%). Patients who suffered strokes prior to surgery were more at risk to develop a perioperative stroke (three per cent) than those not suffering prior strokes (0.3%). The EEG did not change in three patients who had lacunar infarcts prior to surgery and who awoke with a worsened deficit. Our series does not clearly establish the advantages of EEG monitoring, which is expensive (+375/patient) and may not detect ischemia in all areas of the brain. However, the use of shunts may introduce a risk of stroke due to technical error that is equal or greater than the risk of stroke due to hemodynamic ischemia. Since the need for protection is unpredictable by angiographic or clinical criteria, the benefit of EEG monitoring may be in reducing the incidence of shunting in those patients whose tracing remains normal after clamping. The decision to shunt, however, when there is electrical dysfunction after carotid clamping should be based not only on the EEG but also on the clinical signs and computed tomography (CT) scan. Our data does not show a net benefit in selective shunting unless the patient has sustained a stroke prior to surgery. PMID- 3923955 TI - The effect of hypothermic preservation of the heart and lungs on cardiorespiratory function following canine heart-lung transplantation. AB - The effect of hypothermic preservation of the heart and lungs with a crystalloid solution was evaluated in 12 mongrel dogs receiving heart-lung allografts. Six animals served as controls and received an immediate heart-lung transplant. Six animals were in the experimental group and received a heart-lung transplant after 5 hours of preservation at 4 degrees C following perfusion of both organs with a crystalloid solution. Physiological function of the heart and lungs was studied for 20 hours after transplantation. While cardiac function was minimally depressed following preservation, pulmonary function testing demonstrated significantly greater increases in extravascular lung water in experimental animals, suggesting that an ischemic lung injury occurred with this preservation technique. The model allows for future evaluation of other methods of combined preservation of both the heart and lungs for transplantation. PMID- 3923956 TI - Acute renal failure in the cardiovascular surgical patient. AB - Acute renal failure is a known complication of cardiovascular surgery and is associated with a high mortality. Therapy should be aimed at prevention of oliguric renal failure, or at least its conversion to nonoliguric renal failure. Once renal failure is established, early dialysis with nutritional support probably gives the best chance for survival. PMID- 3923957 TI - Hypophyseal-gonadal system during male aging. AB - The concentration of sex and gonadotropic hormones in blood plasma of 280 reasonably healthy men aged 20-105 was determined using radioimmunoassay kits. Compared to men aged 20-39, the statistically significant decrease in testosterone level was registered in men aged 55-59, the increase in oestradiol in men aged 60-64, progesterone in men aged 55-59, and in LH and FSH in the group aged 65-69. The reactivity of central and peripheral links of the hypothalamic gonadal system to direct and feed-back control influences alters with age. PMID- 3923958 TI - Verapamil-resistant contractile activation of isolated coronary artery produced by hyperosmolar solutions. AB - Pig coronary strips were exposed to sucrose-, mannitol- or NaCl-hyperosmolar Tyrode solution and to a solution containing varying concentrations of calcium or potassium ions. In the hyperosmolar solutions obtained by addition of sucrose, mannitol and NaCl to 540, 556 and 308 mM, respectively, the resting tension was increased, while isometric tension development upon electrical stimulation was decreased. Increase in the Ca2+ and K+ concentrations augmented the phasic contraction upon electrical stimulation and produced a rise in the resting tension. The contractions produced by hyperosmolarity, high Ca2+ and K+ were susceptible to metabolic blockades, hypoxia, low temperature and glucose deprivation. The increase in the resting tension produced by hyperosmolarity was resistant to verapamil and persisted in Ca2+-free hyperosmolar solution, while the effects of additional Ca2+ and K+ on the phasic and tonic contractions were inhibited by verapamil. The results suggest that tension development in coronary artery produced by hyperosmolarity does not require verapamil-sensitive entry of Ca2+, but Ca2+ presumably supplied from intracellular stores. PMID- 3923959 TI - The influence of cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors on the cardiovascular effects of hydralazine in rats. AB - In order to explore the postulated role of prostaglandins in the vasodilator effects of hydralazine, blood pressure and heart rate responses to the drug were determined in anesthetized and conscious rats with and without pretreatment with indomethacin or aspirin. Changes in rectal temperature were also measured. In control animals, hydralazine produced an almost immediate fall in blood pressure and a slowly developing tachycardia which bore no temporal relation with the hypotension. These effects were accompanied by a moderate increase in temperature. Pretreatment with the cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors did not reduce the blood pressure response, but completely blocked and in some cases reversed the tachycardia. The hyperthermic response was also reversed. These results can be taken as evidence for a role of prostaglandins in the tachycardia and hyperthermia, but not in the hypotension elicited by hydralazine in rats. In the absence of direct measurements of prostaglandin synthesis and release, however, no firm support for this possibility is offered by the present findings and alternative explanations are considered. PMID- 3923960 TI - Activity of rapidly-adapting receptors to histamine and antigen challenge before and after sodium cromoglycate. AB - Sodium cromoglycate (SCG) blocks histamine release from sensitized mast cells challenged by antigen in vitro. Yet, not all the observed effects of SCG in vivo can be explained by this mechanism alone. Rapidly-adapting or "irritant" receptors (RAR) are thought to mediate reflex bronchoconstriction. Others have proposed that SCG may desensitize these receptors to histamine. We administered aerosols of histamine (100 micrograms/ml given for 3 min) before and after SCG (20 mg/ml aerosol for 5 min) to adult, mongrel dogs. SCG did not reduce the increase in tracheal pressure or RAR activity in response to histamine challenge. We also administered aerosols of Ascaris suum antigen (7 min) to dogs which had shown a positive skin reaction to subepidermal injection of this antigen. SCG attenuated both the increase in tracheal pressure and RAR nerve activity in response to the antigen challenge. These findings suggest that SCG does not affect the activity of the RAR or decrease the tracheal pressure in response to histamine challenge in an anesthetized dog, whereas SCG is effective in decreasing the response of both these parameters to antigen challenge when given prophylactically presumably by stabilizing the mast cell membrane. PMID- 3923961 TI - Glyburide in non-insulin-dependent diabetes. Its therapeutic effect in patients with disease poorly controlled by insulin alone. AB - Glyburide, a second-generation sulfonylurea compound, was combined with insulin to evaluate its therapeutic effectiveness in 14 patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), poorly controlled by insulin alone. Patients were studied before and three months after the addition of glyburide to their insulin program. Fasting plasma glucose concentration fell an average of 57 mg/dL, associated with an approximately 25% reduction in postprandial glucose response. Therapeutic responses varied widely from patient to patient; the greatest improvement in diabetic control was seen in heavier patients, who had retained the ability to secrete insulin in response to meals and who were not excessively insulin resistant. The glyburide-induced fall in plasma glucose concentration was associated with improvements in both insulin secretion and insulin action, but only the enhanced insulin action correlated with the reduction in fasting and postprandial glucose levels. Thus, diabetic control was significantly improved by glyburide. Combined insulin-sulfonylurea therapy may be useful in the treatment of NIDDM that cannot be easily controlled with either agent alone. PMID- 3923962 TI - Cushing's disease. A review. AB - Cushing's syndrome continues to tax the most discerning clinician. I review pituitary-dependent adrenal hyperplasia (Cushing's disease), including recent experiences with Cushing's disease at Duke University, Durham, NC, and relate these observations to the current ideas as to pathophysiology, etiology, and management of Cushing's disease. Transsphenoidal microsurgery (TPS) performed by an experienced neurosurgeon offers selective removal of corticotropin (ACTH) secreting adenoma, immediately cures the hypercortisolism, preserves pituitary function, and is associated with minimal morbidity. Postoperative hypoadrenalism appears to be the best marker of surgical cure. Transsphenoidal surgery has revolutionized our thoughts as to etiology and treatment of Cushing's disease, yet failures with TPS and uncertainty of recurrences leave room for radiotherapy, adrenalectomy, and adjunctive drug therapy in the management of this entity. PMID- 3923963 TI - Masked thyroid dysfunction in elderly patients with atrial fibrillation. PMID- 3923964 TI - [Transesophageal stimulation in the treatment of atrial flutter and tachysystole]. AB - Transoesophageal left atrial pacing was used to reduce 102 episodes of ectopic atrial rhythms (79 common flutters and 23 ectopic tachycardias) in 83 patients (64 men, 19 women) aged 33 to 85 years (average 61 years). Overdrive pacing, at a faster rate than that of the spontaneous rhythm, was delivered via a bipolar pacing catheter introduced nasally and positioned behind the atrium under fluoroscopic and/or electrocardiographic control. Long pulse durations (up to 20 ms) were used to capture the atria with intensities of less than 20 mA for better tolerance. The overall results were: a) conversion to sinus rhythm in 60.8 p. 100 of cases (47 p. 100 directly and 13.8 p. 100 after transient atrial fibrillation), b) atrial fibrillation lasting over 24 hours in 7.8 p. 100 of cases, c) failure (31.4 p. 100) due to non-capture or intolerance (20.6 p. 100) or recurrence of the arrhythmia after transient atrial fibrillation (10.8 p. 100). Atrial flutter is more accessible to pacing than tachycardia (restoration of sinus rhythm in 63.3 p. 100 and 52.2 p. 100, respectively). Arrhythmias in the postoperative period of cardiac surgery, and isolated and recent arrhythmias were more easily converted. Prior antiarrhythmic therapy did not seem to improve results. Fifty per cent of failures of oesophageal pacing were converted to sinus rhythm by endocavitary pacing. These results show that atrial flutter or tachycardia may be successfully treated by oesophageal pacing in over 50 p. 100 of cases without having to use other forms of electrotherapy (endocavitary pacing or cardioversion). PMID- 3923965 TI - [Determination of left ventricular volume by cardiac angio-scintigraphy at equilibrium. Comparison with a radiologic method]. AB - Cardiac angioscintigraphy at equilibrium was performed after in vitro red cell labelling in the left anterior oblique and anterior views. A syringe of 10 ml labelled blood was placed on the patient's chest over the left ventricle and in contact with the camera's collimator in the LAO incidence. This syringe plays a dual part: as a direct reference for left ventricular radio-activity and as a marker for measuring the distance between the centre of gravity of the LV and the collimator by Links' method. The correction factor for absorption varies with each individual. An algorithm integrating this data automatically calculates the EDV in millilitres (ml) and the end diastolic and systolic volumes from the ejection fraction (EF) determined by an independent method. The study group was 100 patients (91 men, 9 women; 81 coronary, 11 valvular heart and 8 other diseases) with radiological EDV ranging from 107 to 1 283 ml and radiological EF ranging from 14 to 75 p. 100. A very significant correlation was observed between the radiological and scintigraphic EDV with a regression line close to that of identity: EDVs = 1.05 . EDVR-5 ml (or -3 ml/m2); SD = 48 ml; r = 0.953; p less than or equal to 0.001. The mean deviation between the methods was 35.7 ml (median 24 ml) or 13.7 p. 100 (median 9.4 p. 100) of EDVR. A large discrepancy (over 90 ml or 30 p. 100) was observed in only 7 patients, 4 of whom had severe mitral regurgitation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3923966 TI - [Regression of residual coronary stenosis after recanalization by fibrinolysis in myocardial infarction. Quantitative analysis of coronary angiography immediately after obstruction removal, at a 15-day and 3-month follow-up]. AB - There seems to be a high risk of reobstruction after local fibrinolytic therapy in myocardial infarction because the severity of the residual stenosis. However, it is quite common to observe a significant improvement of these stenoses at follow-up coronary angiography. Also, one may demonstrate a patent coronary artery after initial failure of the recanalisation procedure. The aim of this research was to study objectively the outcome of the residual coronary stenosis after intracoronary fibrinolytic therapy during myocardial infarction. The degree of stenosis expressed as a percentage reduction of the average diameter of the vessel measured in two perpendicular incidences was assessed immediately after initial fibrinolytic therapy, and at 15 days and 3 months' follow-up. The study group of 31 patients was divided into two subgroups: group I (16 patients) with successful revascularisation and a patent vessel at the first control; and group II (15 patients): unsuccessful revascularisation or with reobstruction at the first control angiography (2 cases). The coronary angiographies were interpreted by an observer who had no knowledge of the patients or of the order of the investigations. In group I, the degree of stenosis decreased from 74 +/- 18 p. 100 to 64 +/- 16 p. 100 (p less than 0.05) at the first control, and then to 47 +/- 24 p. 100 (p less than 0.001) at the second control (less than 50 p. 100 in 7 cases).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3923967 TI - [Quantification of left ventricular function by subtraction intravenous angiography]. AB - Digitised intravenous angiography (Diva), initially applied to the study of the aorta and great vessels, has benefited from technical advances, especially the possibility of recording 25 frames per second, which now allows studies of the heart itself. 22 subjects underwent angiography with digitised subtraction after injection of 50 ml of sodium diatrizoate and meglumine in the right atrium and selective left ventriculography in the same catheter session. The end diastolic and systolic indices and global ejection fractions were measured independently for each technique by Chapman's method by two observers. The model of digitised angiography used was a CGR Divas prototype functioning in the pulsed graphic mode at 25 images per second. The results showed that the Diva method gave reproducible values of the end diastolic index (101 +/- 29.8 and 104.5 +/- 30.7: r = 0.98), of the end systolic index (43.2 +/- 32.9 and 44.6 +/- 32.5; r = 0.98), and of the ejection fraction (62.5 +/- 17.16 p. 100 and 62.17 +/- 15.7 p. 100; r = 0.96). There was a close correlation between the results of Diva and selective ventriculography (end diastolic index: 97.8 +/- 21.1 and 101.6 +/- 10.3; r = 0.87; end systolic index: 38.82 +/- 24.8 and 43.9 +/- 21.17; r = 0.95; ejection fraction: 62.12 +/- 16.27 and 57.29 +/- 15.53; r = 0.95). There was a significant underestimation of the end systolic index using Diva (0.01 less than p less than 0.02). The originality of the pulsed graphic method is the totally digitised character of the data.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3923968 TI - [Selective coronary angiography in children. Technic and indications]. AB - Non-selective opacification of the coronary arteries is often adequate for practical purposes in children, especially for studying the coronary circulation before operating congenital heart disease. However, selective coronary angiography is essential to demonstrate some abnormalities of distribution poorly visualised by the non-selective method and especially in cases of coronary anomalies or acquired coronary disease before procedures of reimplantation of revascularisation. The indications must be carefully considered and the technique particularly adapted using paediatric catheters and trained personnel skilled in retrograde arterial catheterisation in children. 51 selective coronary angiographies were carried out in 47 children 1 to 13 years old, including 12 children under 3 years of age. In 33 cases (23 Fallot's tetralogy the object was to detect coronary abnormalities not observed on non-selective opacification (3 LAD arteries arising from the right coronary, 1 single coronary artery) or to determine their anatomical relationships in complex cardiac malformations (5 cases). There were 5 cases of isolated congenital or acquired coronary disease with signs of ischaemic heart disease in 3 cases (LAD arising from the pulmonary artery and antero-septal infarction, calcified aneurysms and antero-lateral infarction in Kawasaki disease, pseudoxanthoma elastica with multiple coronary stenosis and severe angina). The investigation was indicated for complications of cardiac surgery in 2 children and in 4 cases selective coronary angiography was performed to assess the results of coronary reimplantation. PMID- 3923969 TI - [A method of processing information on cineangiography of the right ventricle]. AB - This paper describes our experience in making a programme for computer processing of biplane right ventricular cineangiography for the measurement of volumes and analysis of wall motion. The volumes were determined by a method of integration to the geometric model of a triangular pyramid i.e. trunco-pyramidal (IM.TP). The classical ellipsoidal integration method i.e. trunco-conal (IM.TC) and biplane and monoplane planimetry based on the model of a triangular pyramid (PM.TP) were used as references. Nineteen post-mortem RV casts were used to validate the programme. The correlations between the true volumes and the angiographic measurements were excellent (r = greater than 0.99) with both methods of integration, very good (r = 0.99) using the biplane PM.TP and very satisfactory (r = 0.91) with the monoplane PM.TP. The line of regression was very close to unity with the IM.TP and 0.9 with the PM.TP; this indicates the excellent adaptation of the triangular pyramid model to the shape of the RV. The IM.TP was used in a group of 20 right ventriculographies of patients without cardiac disease: the following results were obtained: EDV = 70.3 +/- 6.6 cm3/m2; ESV = 31.7 +/- 3.9 m3/m2; systolic index = 38.6 +/- 4.5 cm3/m2; ejection fraction = 0.55 +/- 0.04. The correlation of the values of systolic index by cineangiography and thermodilution (39.9 +/- 5.7 cm3/m2) was good (r = 0.86; p less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3923970 TI - [Right ventricular function during the convalescence phase of posterior primary infarction]. AB - Right ventricular extension is very common in inferior myocardial infarction and the resulting haemodynamic changes are well documented. The aim of this prospective study was to assess the consequences on regional and global right ventricular function at a distance from the initial episode. The study population included 32 patients (29 men and 3 women; mean age 52.7 +/- 6 years) admitted consecutively to the coronary care unit for acute inferior wall myocardial infarction with right ventricular extension (group A: 14 patients) or without (group B: 18 patients), based on the initial haemodynamic data. All patients underwent right and left cardiac catheterisation with selective biplane right and left ventriculography and coronary angiography, 2.9 +/- 1 months after the acute episode. In group A, there was a normalisation of the haemodynamic changes observed during the acute phase of myocardial infarction, complete occlusion (10 cases) or a significant residual stenosis (3 cases) of the right coronary artery proximal or immediately distal to the right marginal artery and persistence of an alteration of global right ventricular systolic function when compared with group B (increased end systolic volume: RVESV = 43 +/- 11 ml/m2 vs 35 +/- 9 ml/m2, p less than 0.02, and a decreased ejection fraction: RVEF = 49 +/- 7 p. 100 vs 57 +/- 9 p. 100, p less than 0.01, resulting from hypokinesia or akinesia of the right ventricular inferior wall; mean shortening delta R = 11 +/- 6 p. 100 vs 17 +/- 7 p. 100, p less than 0.01.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3923971 TI - [Cerebral embolism without apparent cause: angiographic study of minor predisposing cardiac anomalies. Prospective study of 64 patients]. AB - The heart is the source of about 50 p. 100 of cerebral emboli. In the absence of clinically obvious cardiac disease, the heart is nevertheless suspected to be the origin, especially in young patients without atherosclerosis. Cardiac catheterisation and angiography were performed systematically to detect minor predisposing cardiac abnormalities which did not appear on standard clinical examination, and which could increase the risk of recurrent embolism. 64 patients aged 21 to 69 years were studied prospectively a few weeks after a cerebral vascular accident attributed to embolism on the results of complementary neurological investigation, or, more rarely, after systemic embolism to one of the limb arteries. Clinical examination, chest X-ray and the electrocardiogram were normal in all cases. The investigation consisted in right and left cardiac catheterisation, global angiography after right atrial injection, selective left ventricular angiography and coronary angiography in all patients over 40 years of age. Unsuspected cardiac abnormalities were detected in 39 of the 64 patients (60 p. 100); the main abnormalities were mild or moderate mitral valve prolapse (30 p. 100 of cases) and slight decreases in left ventricular contractility possibly related to a minor form of cardiomyopathy (23 p. 100 of cases). Ambulatory 24 hour monitoring showed supraventricular arrhythmias in 30 p. 100 of cases. The results of echocardiography were disappointing in the diagnosis of these minor abnormalities. In conclusion, cardiac abnormalities were detected in the majority of cases of cerebral embolism by cardiac catheterisation. These results support the indications for long-term anticoagulant and/or anti-arrhythmic treatment in these patients. PMID- 3923972 TI - [Diagnostic value of amplitude variations of the Q wave during computerized stress electrocardiogram]. AB - Variations in the amplitude of the Q wave in lead CM5 during computerised exercise stress testing were studied in 220 patients and compared with the results of coronary angiography. The average amplitude of the Q wave increases during exercise in athletes (n = 30) from 3 +/- 2.75 mm to 4.72 +/- 2.35 mm (p less than 0.01), and in subjects without coronary artery disease (n = 49) from 0.92 +/- 1.05 mm to 1.75 +/- 1.62 mm (p less than 0.01). The Q wave did not vary significantly during exercise in patients with coronary disease but without previous infarction (n = 88) (0.70 +/- 0.91 mm to 0.62 +/- 0.85 mm). The amplitude of the Q wave did tend to decrease in patients with previous myocardial infarction (n = 83) from 1.96 +/- 2.05 mm to 1.35 +/- 1.26 mm (p less than 0.05). It is therefore possible to define a new diagnostic criterion of coronary disease: "the exercise stress test is said to be positive (delta q+) when the Q wave tends to decrease or remains stable during exercise, and negative (delta q-) when the Q wave amplitude increases during exercise". This criterion was tested in 49 normal and 83 coronary patients without infarction. The sensitivity (Se) was 79 p. 100 and the specificity (Sp) 65 p. 100, so correctly classifying 74 p. 100 of patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3923973 TI - [Value of myocardial revascularisation surgery before correction of sub-renal aortic aneurysms]. AB - The value of aortocoronary bypass (ACB) before surgical correction of infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) was studied in three groups of patients. Group I: 6 patients undergoing both procedures; group II: 14 coronary patients operated for AAA without prior ACB surgery; group III: 16 patients without coronary artery disease operated for AAA. The hospital mortality was nil in group I; 2 patients died of myocardial infarction in group II; 2 patients died of infection and of cerebrovascular accident respectively, in group III. The patients in group I were asymptomatic on follow-up (mean = 29.7 months) whilst 1 patient in group II developed angina. The essential problem associated with this type of patient remains the complexity of the diagnostic investigations which must include coronary and cervical arteriography. Although the indications for ACB before cure of AAA are obvious in symptomatic patients and/or with previous myocardial infarction, they remain debatable in other patients. PMID- 3923974 TI - [Open-heart valvular surgery in children. Apropos of 127 cases]. AB - In view of the frequency and the severity of rheumatic heart disease (RHD) and of endomyocardial fibrosis (EMF) in the african child, the indication of a valvular surgical procedure is frequent in Abidjan. Between 1978 and 1983, 127 open-heart procedures have been performed in 113 patients. The ages ranged from 2 to 15 years, with a mean of 11 years. There were 67 RHD, 37 EMF, 9 bacterial endocarditis. The status of the patients was severe, there was a cardiomegaly (mean CTR of 0.70). 3 patients were in atrial fibrillation. The patients underwent 97 valve replacements (70 mitral, 18 tricuspid, 9 aortic) essentially by a bioprosthesis (n : 87). A mitral valvuloplasty was done in 27 cases. Associate procedures have been employed including : 35 endocardectomies, 11 aortic valvuloplasties, 6 tricuspid annuloplasties. 12 patients have been reoperated for bacterial endocarditis of a mitral prosthesis (n : 4), calcification of a mitral bioprosthesis (n : 5), failure of mitral valvuloplasty (n : 3). There were 13 deaths (10.2 p. 100 mostly in EMF surgery : 7 deaths (5.5 p. 100). No patient with a bioprosthesis received anticoagulants post operatively. All surviving patients have been improved, with a mean post operative follow-up of 32 months. There were 11 late deaths (8.6 p. 100). The authors discuss several points including : severity of children valvular diseases in tropical areas; necessity to use the bioprosthesis in this area of the world; increasing tendency to conservative surgery in the mitral and also the aortic position. PMID- 3923975 TI - [Tumor of the tricuspid valve operated on with success. Apropos of a case simulating cyanotic heart disease]. AB - The case of a 36 year old woman with a calcified tumour of the tricuspid valve is reported. The clinical signs suggested tricuspid stenosis with a right to left shunt via a patent foramen ovale simulating a cyanotic heart lesion. Preoperative diagnostic investigations were discordant. Echocardiography showed a stenotic tumoural tricuspid valve. Catheterisation and selective right ventriculography were more suggestive of dominant tricuspid incompetence. The patient was referred for surgery because of the severity of her shortness of breath and cyanosis, and tumoral involvement of the three tricuspid leaflets was found. This was removed and replaced by a bioprosthesis with good results 27 months after surgery. 17 other cases of tricuspid tumours have been previously reported. Their clinical presentation was usually that of a right ventricular tumour with stenosis of the right failure, positional syncope and pericardial effusion in the malignant forms. Signs of tricuspid stenosis with cyanosis and polycythaemia are very rare. The relative diagnostic values of angiography and echocardiography are discussed. PMID- 3923976 TI - [Thrombophlebitis and pulmonary embolism in congenital factor XII deficiency]. AB - The case of a young man hospitalised for bilateral lower limb deep vein thrombosis is reported. None of the usual causes were found after systematic wide ranging investigation. The only abnormality on admission was a spontaneous increase in the cephalin-kaolin time to 65 seconds compared to a control time of 40 seconds. Measurements of the clotting factors showed a moderate and isolated deficiency in factor XII (30 p. 100), also present in a brother (50 p. 100) and a sister (42.5 p. 100). Fibrinolytic therapy was administered : an initial course of Streptokinase was followed by extension of a left femoral vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Two courses of Urokinase were given with an eight day interval without significantly improving the venous circulation. This case is an example of thrombogenic disease due to a deficiency of a clotting factor resulting in non-activation of physiological fibrinolysis. PMID- 3923978 TI - [Adiastole caused by secondary cardiac hemochromatosis]. PMID- 3923977 TI - [Antenatal cardiac surgery. Creation of an experimental model of pulmonary stenosis in the fetus and repair in utero]. AB - An experimental model of pulmonary stenosis was created in ewes, fetus and repaired before birth by making use of the materno-foetal circulation. Eighteen ewes fetus underwent pulmonary artery banding at an average of 87 +/- 8 days' gestation (normal 135-145 days). All were reoperated before term at 132 +/- 6 days' gestation. They were divided into two groups : group I (7 fetus) was used to evaluate the experimental model of pulmonary stenosis by measuring right ventricular pressures (80 +/- 16 mmHg compared to 58 +/- 10 mmHg in control models), and the increase in right ventricular mass (2.8 +/- 0.5 X 10(-3) g vs 1.9 +/- 0.2 X 10(-3) g), left ventricular mass (2.2 +/- 0.3 X 10(-3) g vs 1.8 +/- 0.4 X 10(-3) g) and septal mass (1.8 +/- 0.3 X 10(-3) g vs 1.3 +/- 0.2 X 10(-3) g). In group II (11 fetus) the pulmonary stenosis was repaired by total clamping and patch repair. After repair and during the days just before birth, the ventricular masses decreased (RV = 2 +/- 0.3 X 10(-3) g; LV = 1.8 +/- 0.4 X 10( 3) g; septum = 1.8 +/- 0.3 X 10(-3) g) approaching values of normal control fetus. This experimental model shows that it is possible to correct cardiac lesions in utero by making use of the materno-fetal circulation and that antenatal repair of an arterial obstruction can rapidly reverse the reactional ventricular hypertrophy. PMID- 3923979 TI - [The use of statistic method in cardiology]. AB - A sound statistical method is essential for all scientific studies. This article reviews a number of principles and rules covering the most commonly used concepts and statistical tests. The most important points emphasised are the choice of a strict protocol, of an adequate comparison and of an appropriate test. It is only by adhering to these fundamental principles that the conclusions reached can have a meaning and a general application. PMID- 3923980 TI - [Cardiac insufficiency in infectious endocarditis]. AB - The aim of this study of 101 cases of infective endocarditis was to determine the factors predisposing to cardiac failure, the prognostic factors of this complication and the therapeutic implications. A significant (p less than 0.05) Chi square test was the statistical reference. Fifty-two per cent of patients developed cardiac failure which was biventricular in 48 p. 100 of cases and the presenting symptom in 64 p. 100. The mean age of the patients with cardiac failure was 56.6 years with a clear male predominance. In 48 p. 100 of cases, cardiac failure complicated a pre-existing cardiac lesion which was usually acquired (84 p. 100). The commonest condition was valvular insufficiency of the aortic and mitral valves (70 p. 100 of cases with cardiac failure). Severe cardiac failure was observed more frequently and earlier in aortic than in mitral regurgitation. The commonest infecting organism was the streptococcus (53 p. 100 of cases with cardiac failure) and the most frequent presumed portal of entry was dental (25 p. 100). Arrhythmias were observed in 51 p. 100 of patients in cardiac failure, the commonest being atrial fibrillation (34 p. 100) complicating mitral valve disease in 56 p. 100 of cases; 17 p. 100 of arrhythmias were ventricular. Conduction defects were observed in 26 p. 100 of cases with cardiac failure, 55 p. 100 of which had aortic valve disease. Valvular vegetations were demonstrated by echocardiography in 43 p. 100 of cases with cardiac failure. Valve replacement had to be performed for resistant cardiac failure in 13 p. 100 of cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3923981 TI - [Angiocardiographic diagnosis in right ventricular dysplasias]. AB - Right ventricular dysplasia (RVD) is characterised by fatty and fibrous infiltration of the right ventricular wall and usually presents clinically with ventricular arrhythmias. The aim of this study was to determine the morphological changes of RVD and establish diagnostic criteria applicable in cases with atypical clinical signs or electrocardiographic changes. The angiocardiographic data of 10 cases of RVD was reviewed. 8 cases were complicated by right ventricular arrhythmias. The other 2 cases were not arrhythmogenic but had highly suggestive ECG changes; there were no other causes of right ventricular disease. Selective right ventriculography was performed with the catheter positioned in the inflow tract distal to the moderator band. In the 8 cases without tricuspid regurgitation there was one constant finding: the presence of parietal fissuration with massive impregnation of the ventricle distal to the moderator band. Two signs were commonly observed; the stagnation of contrast in the inferior regions of the right ventricle during left ventricular opacification (6/8 cases); irregular opacification of the pulmonary infundibulum (5/8 cases); an infundibulor aneurysm was observed in 1 case. Biometrical data was normal in all 8 cases compared with a control group of 10 normal subjects: the right ventricular disease was segmental and not diffuse. It was associated with a moderate alteration of left ventricular function and with segmental abnormalities of wall motion in 2 cases. None of these signs were observed in the right ventriculographies of 7 cases of typical dilated cardiom-opathies. These 4 signs were not found in 2 cases with tricuspid regurgitation where changes were essentially limited to a dilatation of the right ventricular inflow tract.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3923982 TI - [Effects of different types of continuous emission laser on human atheromatous plaques in vitro]. AB - The laser beam is a punctual source of thermal energy which can be used to vaporize human atheroma. The physical characteristics of optimal utilisation (total energy, wave length, continuous or pulsed emission) have not been clearly defined. We carried out in vitro irradiations of human atheromatous material and healthy arterial wall with different combinations of power-emission time and three different wave lengths, using four continuous emission laser beams (Nd-Yag, two CO2 with different lenses, Argon). The beam emitted by the Nd-Yag was absorbed less than the CO2 and Argon lasers, which had comparable effects above a threshold of 2 to 14 joules. The weight of vaporized fibro-atheromatous material was 0.11 mg per joule of optical energy dissipated (CO2). No radical difference was observed in the nature of the effects of the three types of laser studied. The problems of using this technique on the beating heart remain unsolved (ballistics of the emerging ray). Other modes of emission (pulsed) and different wave lengths should be studied. PMID- 3923983 TI - [Electrophysiological effects of intravenous sotalol. Relation with plasma levels]. AB - The object of this study was to confirm the electrophysiological effects of sotalol, a betablocker which increases the duration of the action potentials of myocardial cells, and to investigate the relationship of these effects with the doses used and plasma concentrations (PC) of the drug. 13 patients (23 to 72 years) were divided into 3 groups: Group 1 (n = 5): 0.6 mg/kg; Group 2 (n = 4): 1.2 mg/kg; and Group 3 (n = 5): 1.8 mg/kg. Measurements were performed before and 35 minutes after starting a 15 minute intravenous infusion of sotalol. At all doses, sotalol decreased the heart rate (HR), increased the corrected sinus node recovery time (CSNRT), prolonged the effective refractory periods (ERPA) and functional refractory periods (FRPA) of the right atrium. Atrioventricular conduction was depressed; prolongation of AH at an imposed rate of 100/min, prolongation of the nodal refractory periods (ERPN and FRPN), and an earlier Wenckebach point. The corrected QT interval (QTc) and ventricular refractory period (ERPV) increased. The QRS complexes and HV intervals were unchanged. Increases of CSNRT, AH, ERPN, FRPN, QTc, and ERPV were observed after the first dose (Group 1). At the dose of 1.8 mg/kg (Group 3) all parameters were modified (except the QRS and HV). All patients increased their ERPV by more than 20 p. 100. The parameters which illustrated the dose-effect relationship were the HR, ERPA, FRPN, and CSNRT. The PC of sotalol measured 60 minutes after starting the infusion were 0.58 +/- 0.23 microgram/ml (Group 1), 0.78 +/- 0.32 microgram/ml (Group 2) and 1.73 +/- 0.43 microgram/ml (Group 3).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3923984 TI - [Diagnostic value of methods of ventricular and auricular stimulation in the evaluation of tachycardia]. AB - The diagnostic value of programmed pacing in the investigation of tachycardia (greater than 5 premature complexes) was studied in 155 patients admitted for evaluation of dizzy attacks and/or tachycardia by determining a relationship between the induction of tachycardia by endocavitary pacing and the presence of spontaneous attacks on ECG and/or 24 hour Holter monitoring. Right atrial and ventricular programmed pacing comprised: an extrastimulus during sinus rhythm (method I), during paced rhythm (method II), 2 extrastimuli during sinus rhythm (method III) and paced rhythm (method IV). The protocol was applied in 20 cases of spontaneous atrial tachycardia (AT) and 40 patients without tachycardia, and in 20 cases of spontaneous sustained ventricular tachycardia (VTS) (Group A), 15 cases of non-sustained ventricular tachycardia (VTNS) (Group B), 20 cases of ventricular doublets or triplets on Holter monitoring (Group C) and 40 patients without ventricular arrhythmias. The following results were obtained: At atrial level, method I was associated with a 75% sensitivity and a 62.5 p. 100 specificity when the triggering of atrial echos was considered. It was difficult to induce AT with methods I, II and III (sensitivity 15, 20 and 45 p. 100 - but they were very specific (greater than 90 p. 100). The induction of echos with methods II, III and IV was very sensitive but not specific and could not be retained as a pathological criterion. Using method IV, only the triggering of sustained AT could be considered to have a good specificity (90 p. 100), but sensitivity remained low (30 p. 100). At ventricular level, more aggressive methods were needed to induce an arrhythmia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3923985 TI - [Aortic and mitral valve bioprostheses. Normal and pathological M mode echocardiographic aspects]. AB - The M mode echocardiographic recordings of 52 normal mitral bioprostheses (NMB), 7 pathological mitral bioprostheses (PMB), 30 normal aortic bioprostheses (NAB) and 10 pathological aortic bioprostheses (PAB) were reviewed. In normal bioprostheses a significant correlation was observed between the echocardiographic and the "specified" diameters, the diastolic and systolic slopes and the amplitude of anterior motion of the support. In NMB, the end systolic diameter of the left ventricular outflow tract depended on the "specified" diameter of the bioprosthesis. Paradoxical septal motion was observed in 78 p. 100 of cases. In PMB, the velocity of anterior leaflet opening was significantly increased (p less than 0.001). The end-diastolic internal left ventricular dimension was also increased (p less than 0.01). A significant correlation was found between left ventricular fractional shortening and maximal leaflet separation (p less than 0.05). Normal septal motion was more common (p less than 0.05). In 5 cases of prosthetic valve dysfunction with mitral regurgitation the maximal leaflet separation was greater than normal (p less than 0.001), the diastolic slope of the support was increased (p less than 0.05) and diastolic vibrations of thickened irregular leaflets were observed. Systolo diastolic vibrations with chaotic leaflet motion were characteristic of cusp tear and/or eversion. Stratified echos behind a support with reduced leaflet excursion was observed in one case of partial thrombosis: a thickened systolic echo with reduced diastolic excursion was observed in a case of degenerative stenosis. The review of 10 PAB showed a reduced amplitude of systolic excursion of the anterior support in cases of aortic regurgitation (p less than 0.05). Systolic vibrations of the cusp were not specific and were observed in normal cases. In severe valvular regurgitation mitral and/or septal diastolic fluttering was observed. Systolic excursion of the cusps was reduced in cases of relative stenosis due to an inappropriately small sized bioprosthesis. Thickening of the diastolic cusp echos was observed in cases of degenerative stenosis. Ventricular dilatation and reduced septal and free wall motion were dysfunction. PMID- 3923986 TI - [Proximal and peripheral coronaro-pulmonary fistulae. Apropos of 10 cases]. AB - Coronaro-pulmonary fistula (CPF) is a rare congenital malformation comprising about 17 p. 100 of coronaro-cardiac fistulae. The authors report a series of 10 cases of CPF diagnosed in over 6 000 coronary angiographic studies. This material includes 7 cases of "proximal" CPF in which the receiving vessel was the main pulmonary artery (MPA), there were two cases of fistula between the coronary and distal pulmonary arteries ("distal" fistulae), one of which had an associated proximal CPF; finally one case showed abnormal vascularisation of part of the lung by a branch of the left circumflex artery. The left coronary artery was involved in all 8 cases of proximal CPF, confirming previously published data. The communication comprised a single pedicle or a plexus arising from the initial segment of the coronary artery and draining into the MPA in all cases. Coronary angiography was performed in the 5 men and 3 women (average age 53 years) for chest pain (2 cases) acute ischaemia in the territory of the left anterior descending artery (1 case), residual post-infarction angina and assessment after infarction (2 cases), mitral valve disease (2 cases) and for a continuous murmur (1 case). The ECG was normal in 2 cases; 5 patients had ST abnormalities; left ventricular hypertrophy was observed in 2 cases but these patients had associated mitral valve disease. Radiological cardiomegaly was present in 2 cases. Finally, no significant left-to-right shunt could be detected on cardiac catheterisation. The outcome was favourable in 7 patients (resection of fistula and eventual coronary bypass surgery in 3 cases; surgical abstention in the remainder).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3923988 TI - [Value of numeric intravenous angiography in the study of coarctations of the thoracic aorta]. AB - The investigation of isthmic coarctation of the aorta comprises radiological opacification usually by a retrograde arterial approach. Digitised intravenous angiography (DIVA) is a new way of carrying out this task by a relatively simple and non-invasive technique. We investigated 32 patients with this method and now present our results: the investigation was performed for suspected coarctation in 22 cases and for postoperative assessment in 10 cases. The equipment used was characterised by a variable rate of acquisition from 1 to 3 images per second with a 512 X 512 matrix. The investigation consisted in an intravenous injection of 50 to 100 ml of contrast, usually via a peripheral vein (87.5 p. 100). Overall, DIVA demonstrated the coarctation or the appearances of the site of operation in 97 p. 100 of cases. This high success rate was related to the study population: young cooperative patients capable of maintaining apnoea and remaining still during the procedure. In the 21 patients referred for suspected coarctation (excluding the only failure of the series), the diagnosis was confirmed and the site of coarctation accurately located. The degree of stenosis was assessed subjectively: appearances of the site of coarctation, importance of the collateral circulation. In addition, a videodensitometric study, i.e. a study of the variations of the patterns of grey with respect to time, was carried out in 4 patients; in severe coarctation, a delay of about 4 seconds in the opacification of the zone distal to the stenosis was observed. This analysis is still at the experimental stage, but it may eventually allow reliable quantification of the degree of stenosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3923987 TI - [Treatment of supraventricular and paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia with bepridil]. AB - Bepridil is a molecule which, apart from its anti-anginal properties, also has antiarrhythmic effects due to its calcium antagonist action which depresses antero and retrograde AV conduction in the physiological pathways. Conduction in accessory AV pathways is also depressed to a lesser and more variable extent. It also has an anti-ventricular arrhythmic action probably due to an associated membrane-stabilising effect. This drug was used intravenously to treat attacks of reciprocating supra-ventricular tachycardia (SVT) (60 p. 100 conversion to sinus rhythm: 6 out of 10 cases of intra-nodal reentry, 6 out of 10 cases of reentry via an accessory pathway) and also in ventricular tachycardia (VT) (7 conversions in 15 patients within 2 to 9 minutes). It was impossible to induce attacks of SVT after administering the drug in about a third of patients; better results were obtained in intra-nodal SVT (5 cases of effective prevention out of 10) than in SVT involving an accessory pathway (1 case out of 10). It was not possible to reinitiate VT after treatment in 3 out of 6 cases (very aggressive pacing methods, a long QT interval and accelerated idio-ventricular rhythm were responsible for the failures). Oral therapy (400 to 800 mg, usually 600 mg daily in 3 doses) prevented any recurrence of SVT in over half the patients (prevention of intranodal SVT: 80 p. 100; prevention of SVT involving an accessory pathway: 13 p. 100) and in 4 out of 6 patients with VT. Provocative pacing studies after intravenous or oral bepridil provide a good indication of long-term efficacy. The drug is generally well tolerated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3923990 TI - [Late chronic constrictive pericarditis following aortic valve replacement]. AB - The authors report a case of chronic constrictive pericarditis in a 54 year old patient who had undergone aortic valve replacement 6 years previously. The valve was replaced with a Starr-Edwards prosthesis because of aortic regurgitation due to infective endocarditis. The outcome after pericardectomy was favourable with a 3 year follow-up. This complication of cardiac surgery, of which there are now 45 reported cases, should not be overlooked because it can be cured surgically. The diagnosis is based on phonomechanographic, echocardiographic and, above all, haemodynamic investigations to distinguish the condition from irreversible myocardial dysfunction. PMID- 3923989 TI - [Influence of intravenous clonidine on normal and pathological sinus and atrioventricular nodes and carotid sinus sensitivity]. AB - A number of clinical observations have suggested that clonidine may be responsible for dizziness and even syncope. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of this drug on normal and pathological sinus and AV nodes and on carotid sinus sensitivity. 19 patients were investigated (average age: 73 years). 14 patients complained of dizziness or syncope, including 3 patients with spontaneous sinus node dysfunction. 5 patients were asymptomatic; 3 were investigated for severe sinus bradycardia (1 on clonidine); 1 patient had sinoatrial block and 1 patient underwent pre-operative assessment for intraventricular block. The sinus node was studied using Mandel's method at 100, 120 and 150/min; the AV node was studied by the extrastimulus method with fixed atrial cycle of 600 ms. The following parameters were measured: Wenckebach point, AH interval in spontaneous and paced cycle length of 600 ms, effective refractory periods. Carotid sinus sensitivity was tested by right and left carotid sinus massage. These parameters were measured under basal conditions and 15 and 30 minutes after IV injection of 0.150 mg of clonidine. Two groups of patients were identified from the results under basal conditions: group 1:11 patients with corrected post-stimulation pauses less than 525 ms, and group 2:8 patients with at least one corrected post-stimulation pause of over 525 ms. Clonidine influenced the post-stimulation pauses significantly in both groups. However, the number of pathological pauses increased much more in group 2 than in group 1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3923991 TI - [Large right intracardiac thrombus cause of recurrent pulmonary embolism. Apropos of a case of favourable course]. AB - Echocardiography may be used in patients presenting with pulmonary embolism to visualise the right heart. The authors report the case of a patient who had recurrent pulmonary embolism. Echocardiography demonstrated a large, mobile thrombus moving freely through the tricuspid valve. There were many cardiac and general contraindications to surgery and fibrinolytic therapy in this particular case. Nevertheless, the mass had totally disappeared on control echocardiography after anticoagulant therapy with heparin. There were no further embolic symptoms. The only change was observed on pulmonary scintigraphy. The patient was discharged a few weeks later on oral anticoagulant therapy. In comparison with previously published results, the outcome of this case was surprisingly good; surgery, which was impossible in our case, would seem to be the treatment of choice. PMID- 3923992 TI - Tetracycline uptake by susceptible Escherichia coli cells. AB - Experiments measuring the initial uptake of commercial (3H) tetracycline exhibit two distinct kinetic phases: a rapid phase followed by a slow phase. (3H) tetracycline purified by chromatography on a Dowex 50WX2 column exhibited only monophasic rapid uptake when tested with susceptible Escherichia coli cells. Cyanide inhibited the uptake of purified (3H) tetracycline only partially while transport of proline and maltose was entirely abolished. Energy independent accumulation of tetracycline may be accounted for by binding to cellular constituents. Uptake of tetracycline--as measured by inhibition of beta galactosidase synthesis--was strongly affected by a shift in temperature from 37 degrees C to 21 degrees C while carrier-mediated transport systems revealed only minor reductions. Taken together with the non-saturability of tetracycline uptake and the evidence for diffusion of tetracycline through phospholipid bilayers [Argast and Beck (1984) Antimicrob Agents Chemother 26:263-265] these data support the hypothesis that tetracycline enters the cytoplasm by diffusion. PMID- 3923993 TI - [Kinetics of the testicular steroidogenic response to stimulation by placental gonadotropin hormone. VI. Enzyme deficiencies of testicular biosynthesis]. AB - The kinetics of the responses of plasma testosterone (T) its precursors and estrogens to a single injection of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) was studied in 9 46 XY subjects affected with one of 4 inborn errors of testicular biosynthesis. In the adults (n = 4), the kinetics and profile of the hormonal responses to hCG were qualitatively comparable to those previously described in normal adult men, and the profile of response characteristic of the hCG-induced steroidogenic desensitization was observed, suggesting that the 17,20 desmolase blockade induced by hCG is superimposed to the inborn enzymatic defect. In the prepubertal patients (n = 5), testicular desensitization was not observed, as in prepubertal controls. However, T precursors, each marker of a given enzymatic blockade, significantly rose several fold 2-5 days after the hCG injection, while they do not in normal children. The results also show that an hCG test is necessary for a clear-cut diagnosis of a given enzymatic block in children, but is not in adults. The single hCG injection protocol used in this study offers a sophisticated way of a qualitative analysis of the testicular secretory products, but is not a must. PMID- 3923994 TI - [Somatocrinin and children in 1984. Application to the etiological diagnosis of somatotropin deficiencies]. AB - A single acute IV injection (1 microgram/kg) of the synthetic replicate of Somatocrinin (GRF) in 40 children with growth hormone (GH) deficiency induces a marked plasma GH increase, although heterogeneous. Clinical tolerance is excellent. Compared to Propranolol + Glucagon (P + G), GRF induces a better GH response. It also discriminates better idiopathic GH deficiency (n = 13), where mean GH peak = 6.5 ng/ml (3.3 after P + G) from GH deficiency secondary to a brain tumor (n = 24) where mean GH peak = 15.5 ng/ml (5.0 after P + G) GRF induces a slight Prolactin (Prl) increase, more obvious when basal Prl is elevated. However there is no correlation between GH and Prl responses to GRF even with basal hyperprolactinemia. GH response to GRF seems to slowly decrease after radiation therapy. GRF is a new potent, well tolerated secretagogue of GH and improves the diagnostic quality of the etiology of GH deficiency. PMID- 3923995 TI - [Extensive resection of the small intestine in children]. AB - Thirteen children aged 2 to 16 years have had a subtotal resection of small bowel, following a mid-gut volvulus in 10 cases. All children are still alive, and their growth was normal; 36 cumulative patient-years of parenteral nutrition and 11 years of constant rate enteral nutrition were performed. In 7 cases, where residual small bowel varied between 30 to 120 cm, termination of all artificial nutritional support was possible at a mean of 30 months after intestinal resection. On the other hand if resection was near total with less than 20 cm remaining, life long dependence on parenteral nutrition is unavoidable unless intestinal transplantation becomes feasible; with cyclic parental nutrition at home, their quality of life is near normal. PMID- 3923996 TI - [Growth of children under long-term total parenteral nutrition]. AB - The modalities of growth were determined with anthropometric measurements in 7 children under total parenteral nutrition for more than 2 years. Their speed of height growth is normal and correlated with their increase in lean body mass. Their weight growth is normal, however with a relative excess in fat mass explained by its high energy cost; on the contrary, the cost of maintenance activity is reduced. In order to limit the energy cost and, overall the risk of an excessive load of lipid deposits, the authors emphasize the importance of regularly determining the lean body mass and the composition of weight gain to manage properly the intake in prolonged total parenteral feeding. PMID- 3923997 TI - The economic costs of schizophrenia. Implications for public policy. AB - The direct and indirect costs associated with schizophrenia in Australia were calculated using the incidence approach and compared with similar costings of myocardial infarction in Australia and the United States. In Australia schizophrenia affects one-twelfth as many people as does myocardial infarction, yet costs half as much. This is because the stream of costs associated with each case of schizophrenia is six times the stream of costs associated with myocardial infarction. To illustrate the utility of this costing approach, the information was used to estimate the cost-benefit ratio likely to follow the introduction of social intervention strategies. The information also showed that Australian support for research in schizophrenia is inadequate when compared with that for myocardial infarction and quite out of proportion to the cost of schizophrenia to the community. PMID- 3923998 TI - Hospital payment effects on acute inpatient care for mental disorders. AB - We examined the extent to which inpatient care for patients with mental disorders in general, acute care hospitals responds differently to two types of prospective hospital payment. In Maryland, hospitals have been regulated since 1976 under two forms of payment based on per-service and per-case definitions of hospital output. The study utilizes a 20% sample of 58,000 mental-disorder discharges from 21 per-case- and 24 per-service-reimbursed hospitals in Maryland between fiscal years 1977 and 1980. The effects of payment method on length of stay are examined through the application of multivariate regression models. The empirical results are generally consistent with the notion that the per-case payment method provides some incentives for hospitals to reduce the length of stay. The regulatory effects, however, vary with patient characteristics, particularly by diagnosis. PMID- 3923999 TI - Costs of mandates for outpatient mental health care in private health insurance. AB - Various methods for estimating the cost of mandated mental health benefits have been devised, each resulting in substantially different estimates. These methods neglect to distinguish between the two components of cost to the insurer: social cost (due to increased utilization) and shifted cost (from other sources of payment). We apply a method we developed for estimating the two types of costs of mandates for outpatient mental health services that integrates data from insurers with information from the literature on financing of mental health services. We applied our method to legislation recently proposed in Massachusetts that would double the mandated minimum benefit level from +500 to +1,000. We expect payments by the largest carrier in the state to increase by a factor of 1.65. More than half of this increase represents shifted costs rather than new costs to society. PMID- 3924000 TI - Specialty and general ambulatory mental health services. Comparison of utilization and expenditures. AB - A substantial amount of ambulatory mental health services are received outside of the specialty mental health sector; however, precise estimates are lacking. To determine national estimates of utilization and expenditures for total ambulatory mental health services, as well as separate estimates for the specialty mental health and general medical sectors, patterns of use were examined by standard demographic characteristics. Almost 5% of the US population in 1977 had at least one ambulatory visit in conjunction with a mental problem. Three fifths of users received their care in the general medical sector; however, two thirds of all mental health visits occurred in the specialty mental health sector. This study indicates that there are significant differences between the two sectors with respect to utilization and expenditure patterns. PMID- 3924001 TI - Costs of practice, barriers to psychiatric service, and research expenditures. Failures of policy. PMID- 3924002 TI - Can lithium carbonate prolong the antidepressant effect of sleep deprivation? PMID- 3924003 TI - Antithrombin deficiency in end-stage renal disease associated with paraplegia: effect of hemodialysis. AB - Plasma antithrombin III activity and concentration were determined in nine men with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) associated with spinal cord injury (SCI). To determine the possible effects of hemodialysis measurements were repeated following dialysis. Values obtained in the SCI-ESRD group were compared with those obtained in a group of healthy volunteers and a group of 10 ambulatory men with ESRD. A normal pooled plasma was used as the internal standard for all assays. While antithrombin deficiency was observed in both uremic groups it was most severe in the group with SCI. Results demonstrated the association of antithrombin deficiency with ESRD and its potentiation in the presence of SCI. The mechanisms by which SCI compounds the uremia-induced antithrombin deficiency were not known. A mild increase in antithrombin level was noted following dialysis and was thought to be in part due to fluid removal by dialysis. PMID- 3924004 TI - Sexual life of women with the Stein-Leventhal syndrome. AB - The course of sexual socialization of 50 women suffering from the Stein-Leventhal Syndrome (SLS), on which the wedge resection of the ovaries was carried out, as examined using the HTDW (heterosexual development of women) questionnaire, did not differ from that of 50 normal women of the same age. Sexual life of SLS patients was examined using an interview and the SAW (sexual activity of women), SFW (sexual function of women), and SAI (sexual arousability inventory) questionnaires. Comparison with the findings in the control group showed that the average score in all the three questionnaires was within normal limits for both groups; the differences between the groups were not statistically significant. Among 45 SLS patients who had sexual experience before the surgery, 42 stated that no pronounced changes occurred in their sexual lives after resection of the ovaries. The average value of testosterone in the whole group (0.52 ng/ml plasma) was within normal limits. The level of the male sexual hormone tended to be higher in the subgroup of 19 patients with low orgastic capacity than in the subgroup of 31 orgastic SLS patients. The differences in the average scores of neurotic symptoms in the N5 questionnaire between the SLS patients and the control group were not significant. On the basis of the above findings, it is concluded that SLS patients, after wedge resection of the ovaries, are not more sexually arousable, more active, or more orgastic than medically healthy women. PMID- 3924005 TI - Prolonged surgical intensive care. A useful allocation of medical resources. AB - To determine factors related to outcome following prolonged stays in the surgical intensive care unit (ICU), we reviewed the charts of all 59 patients who required surgical ICU stays of one week or longer during 1982 (63 admissions). Overall ICU survival was 58.7% and varied inversely with acute illness severity, length of ICU stay, and hospital cost. The need for renal dialysis and prolonged mechanical ventilatory support were associated with bad outcomes. Age did not affect ICU survival. Follow-up survival was 33% of the original group or 56.8% of ICU survivors. Poor chronic health was associated with a high late mortality. The functional status of surviving patients was satisfactory, with 18 of 21 patients living independently. We conclude that there is significant survival following prolonged ICU therapy, and that, although identifiable factors related to outcome exist, none alone permit the discontinuation of therapy on an individual basis. PMID- 3924006 TI - Do diagnosis-related groups accurately reflect the disease? Pancreatic pseudocyst: a case in point. AB - Diagnosis-related groups (DRGs) have been mandated by the federal government to promote fiscal responsibility and insure cost containment. A retrospective analysis of demographic and cost data was conducted on 115 patients operated on for pancreatic pseudocyst. The DRG 191 criteria are as follows: major pancreas, liver plus shunt procedure; mean length of stay (LOS), 20.8 days; outlier cutoff LOS, 41 days; hospital reimbursement, $11,367.82; and day outlier rate, $86.57. The overall LOS was 34.6 days (range, one to 138 days). Sixty-six percent of the patients exceeded the DRG LOS and 37% exceeded the day outlier cutoff of 41. The number of days from admission to surgery varied from one to 65 (mean, 15.7 days). Hospital charges and DRG reimbursement were compared in 23 patients. In nine patients with a LOS of 19.9 days, DRG reimbursement exceeded charges by $34,308. In 14 patients whose charges exceeded reimbursement, the loss was $142,156. Hospital costs and LOS seem to be related to the natural history of the disease and its necessary treatment, rather than to unnecessary diagnostic procedures. Unless surgeons assess and establish medical standards, economic pressures will have a negative impact on patient care and physicians' practice. PMID- 3924007 TI - Rapid restoration of red blood cell mass in severely anemic surgical patients who refuse transfusion. AB - Optimal parenteral nutritional support, concomitant with replacement doses of intravenous iron dextran injection, can be safe, effective, and lifesaving for severely anemic patients who are unable to receive blood transfusions. Six patients who had sustained massive acute blood loss and two who had severe chronic anemia received as much as 140 mL of iron dextran injection intravenously. The average initial hemoglobin level in the acute group was 5.0 g/dL (range, 2.6 to 8.4 g/dL) and increased to an average of 10.6 g/dL (range, 7.5 to 12.8 g/dL) in 23 days (range, 17 to 30 days); the hemoglobin level in the chronic group was 3.8 g/dL and increased to 10.6 g/dL over an average period of 121 days. Two total abdominal colectomies, a right transverse colectomy and fistulectomy, a pyloroplasty and vagotomy, and a highly selective vagotomy were accomplished without complications in five of the patients. There were no adverse reactions to the hematopoietic therapy. PMID- 3924008 TI - [Structure of the mammillary bodies of the hypothalamus of the bottlenosed dolphin]. AB - In the bottlenosed dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) the hypothalamic corpus mammillaris has been studied using interperpendicular, sagittal, frontal and horizontal serial sections, impregnated in silver and stained with cresil-violet. Comparatively small dimentions of the corpora mammillaria in the bottlenosed dolphin are explained by presence of only two nuclei, medial and lateral. The lateral nucleus is nearly three times as large as the medial one. The size of the neurons in the medial nucleus is on the average two times as large as that of neurons in the lateral nucleus. The density of the neural cells distribution is a little greater in the lateral nucleus. The structure of the bottlenosed dolphin corpora mammillaria is compared with similar structures in other animals and the human being. PMID- 3924009 TI - Ocular motor apraxia and neurofibromatosis. PMID- 3924010 TI - Contamination of corneal tissue from infected donors. AB - Thirty-two corneas with scleral rims were cultured from the eyes of 17 cadavers that harbored systemic infection at the time of death. Twelve (71%) of 17 cadavers demonstrated corneal contamination from one or both corneas. Eleven (92%) of 12 donors with positive postmortem blood cultures had positive corneal cultures from at least one eye. Six of these 12 had the same organism isolated from both the blood and corneal tissue. Bacterial corneal cultures were negative in the five donors with negative postmortem blood cultures. Control cultures were obtained from 19 eyes of ten donors without evidence of infection at death. Four (21%) of 19 control eyes yielded Staphylococcus epidermidis. There was a significantly higher incidence of corneal contamination in donors who died with systemic infections. Eye banks should continue to screen donors carefully for documented or suspected sepsis in an effort to reduce the incidence of postkeratoplasty infections. PMID- 3924011 TI - Acute and chronic viral hepatitis revisited. AB - Hepatitis A is an acute fecal-spread disease without chronicity. Gamma immunoglobulin is preventative. Eventually a vaccine will be used for those in developed countries, who have not acquired antibody in childhood. Hepatitis B is a blood-borne disease which can lead to chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. It is carried worldwide by many millions, especially in South-East Asia, the Pacific, Africa, and Southern Europe. Australian Aboriginals have a very high carrier rate. It also affects drug abusers, many partner homosexuals, and hospital workers in contact with blood. A safe vaccine is effective and particularly valuable for babies born to carrier mothers. Treatment of chronic hepatitis depends on whether the patient is in the replicative ('e' antigen positive) stage, where anti-viral therapy might be considered, or in the integrated ('e' antibody positive) stage where a trial of corticosteroids may be justifiable. Non-A, non-B hepatitis is a diagnosis of exclusion. There is no diagnostic test and no proven therapy. There are probably at least four types, parenteral short and long incubation and enteric sporadic and epidemic. PMID- 3924012 TI - Effect of enzootic pneumonia of pigs on growth performance. AB - Growing pigs were naturally infected with a field strain of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae to assess the effect of enzootic pneumonia on production. Both the initial ("breakdown") and endemic stages of infection were evaluated. The pigs were reared under environmental and management conditions commonly found on commercial piggeries in South Australia. Growth rate of pigs held in-contact with inoculated pigs was reduced by 12.7% (p less than 0.01) between 50 to 85 kg bodyweight. In the second trial inoculated gilts were used to naturally infect piglets during suckling. Growth rate of infected pigs was reduced by 15.9% (p less than 0.001) between 8 to 85 kg bodyweight, while feed conversion was depressed by 13.8% (p less than 0.05) between 10 to 25 kg bodyweight. At current feed and production costs this reduced performance added approximately $2.80 to the cost of every pig produced. These losses were recorded in groups of pigs in which enzootic pneumonia was present. At slaughter, 40% of lungs contained gross lesions of enzootic pneumonia which were free of significant secondary bacteria. The nature of the infection was established by gross and microscopic pathology and confirmed by the detection of specific complement fixing antibody in infected pigs and the demonstration of M. hyopneumoniae by direct immunofluorescent staining of lung sections. PMID- 3924013 TI - The psychological aspects of artificial nutritional support. AB - Patients receiving artificial nutritional support are subject to ongoing psychological stress. They are often physically ill, are required to follow a rigid dietary regime and, by necessity, are involved in an ongoing relationship with members of the treating team. This paper presents examples of the clinical problems and discusses the role of the psychiatrist as a member of the multidisciplinary team. PMID- 3924014 TI - Space motion sickness: etiological hypotheses and a proposal for diagnostic clinical examination. AB - The general notion that space motion sickness (SMS) is due to a "conflict" between vestibular, visual, and other sensory inputs has gained popular acceptance. We have reviewed three specific hypotheses for SMS and identified characteristic disorders of ocular motility that each hypothesis would predict. Accurate recording of horizontal and vertical eye movements during free head movements in space craft presents technical difficulties. We suggest that careful clinical examination may be useful, provided the examination is directed towards detecting those specific abnormalities predicted by each hypothesis. PMID- 3924016 TI - Principal aspects of clinical nutrition. 20th symposium of the Group of European Nutritionists. Baden/bei Wien, September 22-24, 1983. PMID- 3924015 TI - Hormone-dependent changes of blood vessels in DMBA-induced rat mammary carcinoma and its regression studied by 3H-thymidine autoradiography. AB - Using DMBA-induced rat breast cancer, the changes in the histology and proliferative activity underlying the phenomenon of tumor regression by hormone therapy were studied by 3H-thymidine autoradiography. The control tumor was found to essentially consist of two histologically different areas, medullary (A area) and tubular or cystic (B area). The cancer cells in the A area were homogeneously proliferating with a cell cycle time of 51h, and among those in the B area, 65% were proliferating with a cell cycle time of 81h while 35% were non proliferating. Among the various-kinds of hormone therapies, ovariectomy plus male sex hormone administration was most effective in inducing tumor regression. In the regressed tumor, the A area was greatly diminished due to central necrosis and replaced by cystic B area. In the remaining A area, the cell cycle time was lengthened to 97h, and that for the proliferating cells in the B area was as long as 118h. The most striking histological change after ovariectomy plus male sex hormone administration was the diffuse necrosis of the capillary endothelial cell within 24h, followed by hemorrhage, central necrosis in the A area (1W), and final stage of fibrosis (2W). The tumor administered with female sex hormone after ovariectomy showed a rebound growth from the regression, due to the initial reactivation of the endothelial cell proliferation and following stimulation of cancer cell mitotic activity. From these observations, it is concluded that the capillary endothelial cells in DMBA-induced rat breast cancer are estrogen dependent, and that the tumor regression induced by decreased estrogen-level is attributable to the massive necrosis from capillary insufficiency and anoxia. PMID- 3924017 TI - History of parenteral nutrition. PMID- 3924018 TI - Evaluation of nutritional status. AB - The assessment of nutritional status may involve estimates of food intake, and anthropometric, biochemical and immune tests. Errors are frequently observed both in the methodology, and the way the methodology is utilized. An attempt will be made at a general constructive criticism of the current methodologies. PMID- 3924019 TI - Nutrient requirements in various clinical conditions. AB - We now have a fairly good knowledge of the number of essential nutrients required in man. However, the studies are limited on the exact basic, minimal and optimal requirements of these nutrients in various conditions. Many more investigations are necessary in this field of clinical nutrition. We also need more information on the various biological and clinical parameters to be used in such studies. However, the present recommendations of the nutrient intakes in various clinical situations seem to be sufficient to maintain or obtain a good nutritional status in many clinical conditions and to prevent nutrient deficiency symptoms. Most of these recommendations are generous in relation to the basic requirements. The achievements in this field make us currently able to nourish our patients properly either by well-balanced ordinary hospital food or by tube feeding or parenteral nutrition. PMID- 3924020 TI - Nutritional support in pediatrics. PMID- 3924022 TI - Nutritional support in acute organ failure. PMID- 3924021 TI - Ambulatory parenteral nutrition in oncology. PMID- 3924023 TI - Perioperative nutritional support in cancer patients. PMID- 3924024 TI - Techniques of parenteral and enteral nutrition. PMID- 3924026 TI - Co-purification of galactosyltransferases from chick-embryo liver. AB - Two galactosyltransferases with nearly identical Mr values were purified 5000 7000-fold from microsomal membranes of chick-embryo livers by using several affinity columns. One enzyme transfers galactose from UDP-galactose to form a beta-(1----4)-linkage to GlcNAc (N-acetylglucosamine) or AsAgAGP [asialo-agalacto (alpha 1-acid glycoprotein)]. The other enzyme forms a beta-(1----3)-linkage to AsOSM [asialo-(ovine submaxillary mucin)]. Both enzymes were solubilized (85%) from a microsomal pellet by using 1% Triton X-100 in 0.1 M-NaCl. The supernatant activities were subjected to DEAE-Sepharose chromatography and four affinity columns: UDP-hexanolamine-Sepharose, alpha-lactalbumin-Sepharose, GlcNAc Sepharose and either AsAgAGP-Sepharose or AsOSM-Sepharose. The AsAgAGP enzyme [(1 ---4)-transferase] and the AsOSM enzyme [(1----3)-transferase] behave identically on the DEAE-Sepharose and UDP-hexanolamine-Sepharose columns, and similarly on the alpha-lactalbumin-Sepharose column. Final separation of the two enzymes, however, could only be achieved on affinity columns of their immobilized respective acceptors. Both purified enzymes migrate as a single band on sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis after silver staining, and both have an apparent Mr of 68 000. The enzymes were radioiodinated and again subjected to sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. Radioautographic analyses showed only one, intensely radioactive, band. Activity stains performed for both transferases after cellulose acetate electrophoresis indicate that, with this system too, both activities have identical mobilities, and co-migrate, as well, with the major, silver-stained, protein band. Kinetic studies with the purified enzymes show that the Km value for GlcNAc, for the (1-- -4)-transferase, is 4mM; for the (1----3)-transferase the Km value for AsOSM is 5mM, in terms of GalNAc (N-acetylgalactosamine) equivalents. Both enzymes have a Km value of 25 microM for UDP-galactose. PMID- 3924025 TI - Mucin biosynthesis. Properties of a bovine tracheal mucin beta-6-N acetylglucosaminyltransferase. AB - We have characterized a bovine tracheal mucin beta-6-N acetylglucosaminyltransferase that catalyses the transfer of N-acetylglucosamine from UDP-N-acetylglucosamine to the C-6 of the N-acetylgalactosamine residue of galactosyl-beta 1----3-N-acetylgalactosamine. Optimal enzyme activity was obtained between pH 7.5-8.5, at 5mM-MnCl2, and at 0.06-0.08% (v/v) Triton X-100 (or Nonidet P-40), or 0.5-5.0% (v/v) Tween 20. Ba2+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ could partially replace Mn2+, but Co2+, Fe2+, Cd2+ and Zn2+ could not. Sodium dodecyl sulphate, cetylpyridinium chloride, sodium deoxycholate, octyl beta-D-glucoside, digitonin and alkyl alcohols were less effective in enhancing enzyme activity, and dimethyl sulphoxide was ineffective. The apparent Michaelis constants were 1.25 mM for UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, 0.94-3.34 mM for freezing-point-depressing glycoprotein and 0.19 mM for periodate-treated blood-group-A porcine submaxillary mucin. Asialo ovine submaxillary mucin could not serve as the glycosyl acceptor. The structure of the 14C-labelled oligosaccharide obtained by alkaline borohydride treatment of the product was identified as Gal beta 1----3(Glc-NAc beta 1----6)N-acetylgalactosaminitol by beta-hexosaminidase treatment, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and 1H-n.m.r. (270 MHz) analysis. The enzyme is important in the regulation of mucin oligosaccharide biosynthesis. PMID- 3924027 TI - The rate of protein degradation in isolated skeletal muscle does not correlate with reduction-oxidation status. AB - It has been suggested that the cytoplasmic reduction-oxidation state correlates with, and may regulate, rates of protein breakdown in skeletal muscle. To test whether an increased lactate/pyruvate ratio is in fact generally associated with low proteolytic rates, this ratio was measured in rat extensor digitorum longus muscles incubated under conditions that rates of protein breakdown. Treatment with the calcium ionophore A23187 caused similar large increases in the lactate/pyruvate ratio at 2 microM, where proteolysis did not change, and at 20 microM, where proteolysis was greatly accelerated. Omission of Ca2+ from the medium slowed proteolysis, but decreased the lactate/pyruvate ratio. In muscles incubated at 40 degrees C, rates of proteolysis were faster, but the lactate/pyruvate ratios were higher than 37 degrees C. Thus alterations in the redox status do not necessarily correlate with, and can occur independently of, changes in proteolysis. Furthermore, insulin and inhibitors of lysosomal proteinases decreased proteolysis but, in contrast with previous reports, failed to alter the lactate/pyruvate ratio. In addition, protein breakdown decreased in muscles maintained under tension, although redox state did not change. Thus protein degradation can fall without a concomitant change in the reduction oxidation state. PMID- 3924028 TI - The effect of castanospermine on the oligosaccharide structures of glycoproteins from lymphoma cell lines. AB - The effect of castanospermine on the processing of N-linked oligosaccharides was examined in the parent mouse lymphoma cell line and in a mutant cell line that lacks glucosidase II. When the parent cell line was grown in the presence of castanospermine at 100 micrograms/ml, glucose-containing high-mannose oligosaccharides were obtained that were not found in the absence of inhibitor. These oligosaccharides bound tightly to concanavalin A-Sepharose and were eluted in the same position as oligosaccharides from the mutant cells grown in the absence or presence of the alkaloid. The castanospermine-induced oligosaccharides were characterized by gel filtration on Bio-Gel P-4, by h.p.l.c. analysis, by enzymic digestions and by methylation analysis of [3H]mannose-labelled and [3H]galactose-labelled oligosaccharides. The major oligosaccharide released by endoglucosaminidase H in either parent or mutant cells grown in castanospermine was a Glc3Man7GlcNAc, with smaller amounts of Glc3Man8GlcNAc and Glc3Man9GlcNAc. On the other hand, in the absence of castanospermine the mutant produces mostly Glc2Man7GlcNAc. In addition to the above oligosaccharides, castanospermine stimulated the formation of an endoglucosaminidase H-resistant oligosaccharide in both cell lines. This oligosaccharide was characterized as a Glc2Man5GlcNAc2 (i.e., Glc(1,2)Glc(1,3)Man(1,2)Man(1,2)Man(1,3)[Man(1,6)]Man-GlcNAc-GlcNAc). Castanospermine was tested directly on glucosidase I and glucosidase II in lymphoma cell extracts by using [Glc-3H]Glc3Man9GlcNAc and [Glc-3H]Glc2Man9GlcNAc as substrates. Castanospermine was a potent inhibitor of both activities, but glucosidase I appeared to be more sensitive to inhibition. PMID- 3924029 TI - Initiation of chondroitin sulphate synthesis by beta-D-galactosides. Substrates for galactosyltransferase II. AB - beta-Galactosides were found to initiate chondroitin sulphate chain synthesis in chick-embryo cartilage in vitro and thereby relieve inhibition by cycloheximide of [3H]-acetate incorporation into chondroitin sulphate. beta-Galactosides with an apolar aglycan group such as phenyl O-beta-galactoside were active, whereas those with a charged or polar aglycan group such as pyridine 3-O-beta-galactoside or those with sulphur instead of oxygen in the glycosidic linkage (phenyl beta thiogalactoside) were not. beta-Galactosides also serve as substrates for microsomal galactosyltransferase activity from chick-embryo cartilage. Phenyl O beta-galactoside and pyridine 3-O-beta-galactoside were effective substrates for this enzyme, but phenyl S-beta-thiogalactoside and pyridine 2-S-beta thiogalactoside were only slightly active. This galactosyltransferase was shown to be a separate enzyme from galactosyltransferase I, which catalyses transfer of galactose from UDP-galactose to beta-xylosides. It is proposed that the enzyme catalysing this reaction is galactosyltransferase II, responsible for transfer of the second galactose residue of the chondroitin sulphate linkage oligosaccharide. No transfer of glucuronic acid from UDP-glucuronic acid to beta-galactosides, catalysed by the microsomal preparation could be detected. PMID- 3924030 TI - [14C]bicarbonate fixation into glucose and other metabolites in the liver of the starved rat under halothane anaesthesia. Metabolic channelling of mitochondrial oxaloacetate. AB - Previous attempts to account for the labelling in vivo of liver metabolites associated with the citrate cycle and gluconeogenesis have foundered because proper allowance was not made for the heterogeneity of the liver. In the basal state (anaesthetized after 24h starvation) this heterogeneity is minimal, and we show that labelling by [14C]bicarbonate can be interpreted unambiguously. [14C]Bicarbonate was infused to an isotopic steady state, and measurements were made of specific radioactivities of blood bicarbonate, alanine, glycerol and lactate, of liver alanine and lactate, and of individual carbon atoms in blood glucose and liver aspartate, citrate and malate. (Existing methods for several of these measurements were extensively modified.) The results were combined with published rates of gluconeogenesis, uptake of gluconeogenic precursors by the liver, and citrate-cycle flux, all measured under similar conditions, and with estimates of other rates made from published data. To interpret the results, three ancillary measurements were made: the rate of CO2 exchange by phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK; EC 4.1.1.32) under conditions that simulated those in vivo; the 14C isotope effect in the pyruvate carboxylase (EC 6.4.1.1) reaction (14C/12C = 0.992 +/- 0.008; S.E.M., n = 8); the ratio of labelling by [2-14C]- to that by [1-14C]-pyruvate of liver glutamate 1.5 min after injection. This ratio, 3.38, is a measure of the disequilibrium in the mitochondria between malate and oxaloacetate. The data were analysed with due regard to experimental variance, uncertainties in values of fluxes measured in vitro, hepatic heterogeneity and renal glucose output. The following conclusions were reached. The results could not be explained if CO2 fixation was confined to pyruvate carboxylase and there was only one, well-mixed, pool of oxaloacetate in the mitochondria. Addition of the other carboxylation reactions, those of PEPCK, isocitrate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.42) and malic enzyme (EC 1.1.1.40), was not enough. Incomplete mixing of mitochondrial oxaloacetate had to be assumed, i.e. that there was metabolic channelling of oxaloacetate formed from pyruvate towards gluconeogenesis. There was some evidence that malate exchange across the mitochondrial membrane might also be channelled, with incomplete mixing with that in the citrate cycle. Calculated rates of exchange of CO2 by PEPCK were in agreement with those measured in vitro, with little or no activation by Fe2+ ions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3924031 TI - Participation of endogenous fatty acids in the secretory activity of the pancreatic B-cell. AB - The pancreatic B-cell may represent a fuel-sensor organ, the release of insulin evoked by nutrient secretagogues being attributable to an increased oxidation of exogenous and/or endogenous substrates. The participation of endogenous fatty acids in the secretory response of isolated rat pancreatic islets was investigated. Methyl palmoxirate (McN-3716, 0.1 mM), an inhibitor of long-chain fatty-acid oxidation, suppressed the oxidation of exogenous [U-14C]palmitate and inhibited 14CO2 output from islets prelabelled with [U-14C]palmitate. Methyl palmoxirate failed to affect the oxidation of exogenous D-[U-14C]glucose or L-[U 14C]glutamine, the production of NH4+ and the output of 14CO2 from islets prelabelled with L-[U-14C]glutamine. In the absence of exogenous nutrient and after a lag period of about 60 min, methyl palmoxirate decreased O2 uptake to 69% of the control value. Methyl palmoxirate inhibited insulin release evoked by D glucose, D-glyceraldehyde, 2-oxoisohexanoate, L-leucine, 2 aminobicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylate or 3-phenylpyruvate. However, methyl palmoxirate failed to affect insulin release when the oxidation of endogenous fatty acids was already suppressed, e.g. in the presence of pyruvate or L glutamine. These findings support the view that insulin release evoked by nutrient secretagogues tightly depends on the overall rate of nutrient oxidation, including that of endogenous fatty acids. PMID- 3924032 TI - Butyrate formation from glucose by the rumen protozoon Dasytricha ruminantium. AB - Production of butyrate by the holotrich protozoon Dasytricha ruminantium involves the enzymes of glycolysis, pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase, acetyl-CoA:acetyl CoA C-acetyltransferase, 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA hydro-lyase, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA reductase, phosphate butyryltransferase and butyrate kinase. Subcellular fractionation by differential and density-gradient centrifugation on sucrose gradients indicated that all those enzymes except pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase were non-sedimentable at 6 X 10(6) g-min. Butyrate kinase and phosphate butyryltransferase were associated with the large- and small-granule fractions. Thus, although metabolic reactions necessary for butyrate production proceed predominantly in the cytosol, hydrogenosomes play a key role in the conversion of pyruvate into acetyl-CoA. PMID- 3924033 TI - Identification of lysine residues at the binding site of bacteriophage-Pf1 DNA binding protein. AB - The accessibility of NH2 groups in the DNA-binding protein of Pf1 bacteriophage has been investigated by differential chemical modification with the reagent ethyl acetimidate. The DNA-binding surface was mapped by identification of NH2 groups protected from modification when the protein is bound to bacteriophage-Pf1 DNA in the native nucleoprotein complex and when bound to the synthetic oligonucleotide d(GCGTTGCG). The ability of the modified protein to bind to DNA was monitored by fluorescence spectroscopy. Modification of the NH2 groups in the native nucleoprotein complex showed that seven out of the eight lysine residues present, and the N-terminus, were accessible to the reagent, and were not protected by DNA or by adjacent protein subunits. Modification of these residues did not inhibit the ability of the protein to bind DNA. Lysine-25 was identified by peptide mapping as being the major protected residue. Modification of this residue does abolish DNA-binding activity. Chemical modification of the accessible NH2 groups in the complex formed with the octanucleotide effectively abolishes binding to DNA. Peptide mapping established that, in this case, lysine 17 was the major protected residue. The differences observed in protection from acetimidation, and in the ability of the modified protein to bind DNA, indicate that the oligonucleotide mode of binding is not identical with that found in the native nucleoprotein complex with bacteriophage-Pf1 DNA. PMID- 3924034 TI - A 1H-n.m.r. study of casein micelles. AB - The 1H-n.m.r. spectrum of casein micelles consists of a small number of moderately sharp (linewidth approx. 60 Hz) resonances superimposed on the envelope of very broad lines expected for particles of this size. These sharp lines resemble, in chemical shift and relative intensity, the spectrum of the isolated 'macropeptide' released from the micelles by treatment with chymosin. The sharp lines in the casein micelle spectrum are further sharpened by addition of chymosin and broadened markedly by addition of ethanol. These observations are consistent with the proposal that the 'macropeptide' (the C-terminal 64 residues of K-casein) forms flexible 'hairs' on the surface of the micelles. PMID- 3924036 TI - The share of lipoxygenase in the antimycin-resistant oxygen uptake of intact rabbit reticulocytes. AB - The endogenous oxygen uptake of rabbit reticulocyte-rich red cell suspensions obtained by bleeding anaemia of rabbits amounted to 7.85 +/- 0.87 mumoles/h . ml of packed cells and was inhibited by antimycin A to 77.2 +/- 1.1%. The antimycin A-resistant oxygen uptake was further inhibited by the lipoxygenase inhibitors salicylhydroxamic acid, 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic acid, nordihydroguaiaretic acid, 4-nitrocatechol or propylgallate by about 20-30% corresponding to 5-7% of the total oxygen uptake. The effects of the lipoxygenase inhibitors were most pronounced during the first period of bleeding anaemia (5th-9th day). 3-amino 1,2,4-triazole inhibited another part of the non-respiratory oxygen uptake and acted additively to 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic acid; the two inhibitors together caused inhibition by one-half. Influx of calcium ions mediated by the ionophore A 23187 led to a two-fold increase in the non-respiratory oxygen uptake which was mainly due to stimulation of the lipoxygenase reaction. The rate of the lipoxygenase-mediated oxygen uptake was sufficient for a complete dioxygenation of the polyenoic fatty acids present in mitochondrial phospholipids during the maturational degradation of mitochondria in reticulocytes. PMID- 3924035 TI - Aggregation equilibria of tyrosinase of Harding-Passey mouse melanoma. AB - The purification of two isoenzymes of tyrosinase has been carried out in Harding Passey mouse melanoma. One is found in the cytosol and the other one bound to melanosomes. Both migrate as single bands on sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide gels, having an apparent Mr of 58 000. Solubilized particulate tyrosinase showed an aggregation equilibrium involving a monomer, tetramer, octamer and a high-Mr micellar form with Brij 35, the solubilizing agent. H.p.l.c. studies indicated a interconversion between those species, the monomer contribution increasing with the sample dilution. The tetramer and the octamer probably represent the predominant forms in vivo. Soluble tyrosinase showed a simpler aggregation equilibrium, involving two forms, monomer and tetramer, with the same interconversion pattern. Fluorescence studies suggested that tryptophan residues were exposed to the aqueous environment when tyrosinase was dissociated by dilution. Tyrosinase shows a tendency to aggregate, at low protein concentration, and a resistance to dissociation by urea or SDS so remarkable that gel-permeation chromatography in 4M-urea does not affect the equilibrium, and the band obtained on SDS/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis is a dimer. PMID- 3924037 TI - Intralumenal alkaline phosphatase of the calf intestine. AB - About 80% of the total activity of the alkaline phosphatase of the calf intestine was found within the lumen and only 20% in the mucosa. The specific activity of the intralumenal enzyme fraction was about ten times higher than that of the mucosa enzyme. Differential centrifugation experiments demonstrated that the intralumenal enzyme of the proximal gut segment can be found in a fraction which exhibits sedimentation behaviour like a microsomal fraction, whilst the intralumenal enzyme of the distal gut segment was found to be soluble in the supernatant after centrifugation at 135000 X g for 60 min. Ouchterlony double diffusion analysis and antibody inhibition of alkaline phosphatase by antisera against the mucosa enzyme demonstrate that the two forms of intestinal enzyme have apparently identical antigenicity. Purified alkaline phosphatase obtained from the intralumenal fraction and from mucosa exhibits closely related pH optima, Michaelis constants, amino acid inhibition type and inhibition constants. The results of large scale release of alkaline phosphatase bound to microvesicles are discussed with regard to results of morphological investigations in different tissues and cell cultures demonstrating the formation of intestinal membrane bodies and cell extrusion. PMID- 3924038 TI - [The effect of meclofenoxate on the growth, fertility and number of offspring in Wistar rats]. AB - In experiments with rats concerning teratological aspects of meclofenoxate it was demonstrated that this drug reduces the teratogenicity in Wistar rats. Meclofenoxate leads in the fetuses of rats to a significant increase of the weight when the dams were treated prenatally with the ester. Besides, meclofenoxate causes in continuous series of generations an increase of fertility which results in a higher number of offsprings. PMID- 3924039 TI - [In vitro malondialdehyde formation in brain structure: a method to characterize antihypoxic properties]. AB - In vitro generated free radicals (ascorbic acid-ferric salt-mixture or hydrogen peroxide) result in lipid peroxidation on brain cellular fractions and striatum slices an decrease of the stimulated dopamine release from rat striatum slices. Besides cysteamine, alpha-tocopherol, pyrogallol and chelating agents also tisochromide shows an antioxidative activity on lipid peroxidation induced by ascorbic acid-ferric salt-mixture. Nootropic drugs like piracetam, methylglucamine orotate, meclofenoxate hydrochloride and nicergoline are ineffective to mitochondrial malondialdehyde generation. On the other hand, piracetam exhibits a limited effect on oxidative damage of striatum slices. For that reason, the antihypoxic activity of these drugs is not accompanied by any antioxidative component and presumes a relatively high degree of tissular organization. PMID- 3924040 TI - Calculation of a mean functional diameter of capillaries of isolated rabbit hearts and changes of this diameter during hypoxia. Pathophysiological and pharmacological studies. AB - Isolated rabbit hearts were perfused aerobically (45 min) and hypoxically (105 min), using a modified Langendorff technique. The mean functional diameter of capillaries (MFDC) was calculated from the perfusion rate per minute and the inflow resistance by the model of Hagen-Poiseuille. The MFDC expresses the mean lumen of all capillaries of the heart, regardless of the different behaviour of the capillaries in the different regions of the myocardium. The MFDC decreased very rapidly after the onset of a hypoxia from 3.5 +/- 0.3 micron to about 70% of the initial diameter within 5-10 min (p less than 0.01) and then in a slower range within the following 70 min to about 44% of the initial diameter. The release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) from the hypoxic myocardium was detectable after 45 min of hypoxia and rose drastically after 60 min of hypoxia in our model. The decrease of the MFDC as well as the release of LDH from the hypoxic myocardium can be diminished by application of O-(beta-hydroxyethyl)-rutoside or 10 mM mannitol to the hypoxic perfusion medium. Both substances have antioxidant activities. It is discussed that the injury of the microvasculature is an early process during hypoxia, which can potentiate the hypoxic changes of the myocardial cells by additional diminution of the supply with oxygen and substrates. The protecting activities of substances with antioxidant actions to hypoxic myocardium were supported. PMID- 3924041 TI - [Effect of bromhexine on microthrombosis in animal experiments]. AB - The secretolytic agent bromhexine and its active metabolite ambroxol prevent the collagen- and ADP-induced decrease in circulating blood platelets in rabbits, while they do not inhibit the aggregation induced by ADP, collagen or arachidonic acid of human and rabbit blood platelets in vitro. Bromhexine was found to exert beneficial effects on the disturbances of pulmonary function that might be caused by a reduced surfactant production observed during thrombin-induced disseminated intravascular coagulation in rats. The results suggest that bromhexine has a protective effect on the acute impairment of pulmonary function due to microthrombosis. PMID- 3924042 TI - The effect of long-term inhibition of mitochondrial protein synthesis on the oxidation capacity of mitochondria for NADH-linked substrates. AB - Experiments are presented showing that specific inhibition of mitochondrial protein synthesis by tetracyclines decreases the activity of the NADH dehydrogenase complex in liver mitochondria, if rats are treated for long periods with these antibiotics. The corresponding inhibition of this complex in tumor cells (Zajdela hepatoma) and tumor mitochondria (Leydig cell tumor) is even more pronounced. It is concluded that the mitochondrial genetic system is involved in the assembly of the NADH-dehydrogenase complex, most likely by coding for one or more subunits. It is argued that this information, contrary to the situation for cytochrome c oxidase, the cytochrome bc1 complex and ATPsynthase, has been missed in previous experiments employing differential inhibition of mitochondrial protein synthesis, because of the circumstance that the inhibition did not reach the level at which it became rate-limiting. PMID- 3924043 TI - Effect of iso-propyl-thio-beta-D-galactoside concentration on the level of lac operon induction in steady state Escherichia coli. AB - In steady state E. coli cells growing at their maximal rate in broth, maximum induction of beta-galactosidase occurs at 0.10 mM isopropyl-thio-beta-D galactoside (IPTG). Although induction of lac is near zero in steady state cells that are growing in 0.01 mM IPTG, induction at mildly subdued levels persists down to at least 0.001 mM in post-steady state cultures. Meanwhile, thiogalactoside transacetylase remains uninduced over the full range in which the cells are in steady state. PMID- 3924044 TI - Ninhibin: a sperm factor attenuates the atrial natriuretic factor mediated inhibition of adenylate cyclase: possible involvement of inhibitory guanine nucleotide regulatory protein. AB - The effect of ninhibin, a sperm factor extracted from bovine sperm, was studied on adenylate cyclase from rat aorta. Ninhibin treatment of the membranes activated adenylate cyclase in a concentration dependent manner. The maximal activation (approximately equal to 4-fold) was obtained at 2micrograms ninhibin and at 10 min of treatment at 37 degrees C. On the other hand, in untreated control membranes, ninhibin at 2 micrograms could stimulate adenylate cyclase by about 50-60% only. In addition, ninhibin potentiated the guanine nucleotide-, isoproterenol- and forskolin (FSK)-stimulated adenylate cyclase activities and also attenuated the GTP gamma s and atrial natriuretic factor (ANF)-mediated inhibition of enzyme activities. Furthermore the inhibition of isoproterenol- and FSK-stimulated adenylate cyclase activities by ANF was also abolished by ninhibin. These data indicate that ninhibin which has been suggested to inactivate or inhibit Ni-guanine nucleotide regulatory protein can also attenuate the ANF-receptor mediated inhibition of adenylate cyclase in rat aorta suggesting an involvement of Ni-guanine nucleotide regulatory protein in the coupling of ANF receptors to adenylate cyclase. PMID- 3924045 TI - Isolation and characterization of cartilage proteoglycans immunoreactive with an antibody to skin proteodermatan sulfate core protein. AB - Low density proteoglycans showing cross-reaction with an antibody to skin proteodermatan sulfate (PDS) core protein were isolated from the bovine articular cartilage, by CsC1 density gradient centrifugation followed by repeated DEAE cellulose chromatography. The size and amino acid composition of the core proteins of the immunoreactive proteoglycans, eluted at 0.25M and 0.5M NaC1 on DEAE-cellulose column, were quite similar to that of PDS. The glycosaminoglycan components of both proteoglycans were shown to be composed of a hybrid structure of chondroitin sulfate and dermatan sulfate, based on chondroitinase treatments followed by two-dimensional electrophoresis. PMID- 3924046 TI - [3H]adenosine uptake and release from synaptosomes. Alterations by barbiturates. AB - The effects of barbiturates on adenosine movements across the synaptic plasma membrane have been investigated using rodent whole brain synaptosomes. The hypothesis tested was that some of the depressant actions of these drugs may be mediated through interference with an endogenous adenosine system. Adenosine uptake was studied using synaptosomes prepared from Swiss-Webster mice. After preincubation at 37 degrees, [3H]adenosine was added to the synaptosomes in the presence or absence of pentobarbital, methohexital, phenobarbital, or 5-(2 cyclohexylideneethyl)-5-ethyl barbituric acid (CHEB) at various concentrations and times. All four compounds significantly inhibited [3H]adenosine uptake at concentrations of 100-300 microM. Pentobarbital did not affect the distribution of synaptosomal adenosine metabolites. Release of [3H]adenosine was studied using the P2 pellet from male CD-1 mice. Addition of 50 mM KCl caused an enhancement of 3H-efflux mainly due to increased release of adenosine and inosine. This effect was abolished in the presence of 250 microM ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N2-tetraacetic acid (EGTA). Pentobarbital, 0.3 mM, caused a significant increase in the net potassium-induced release of [3H]adenosine. These results suggest that some of the depressant effects of barbiturates may be due to inhibition of adenosine reuptake and enhancement of release resulting in elevated synaptic adenosine levels. PMID- 3924047 TI - In vivo effects of aminooxyacetic acid and valproic acid on nerve terminal (synaptosomal) GABA levels in discrete brain areas of the rat. Correlation to pharmacological activities. AB - A newly developed synaptosomal model was used to evaluate the in vivo effects of the GABA-elevating drugs aminooxyacetic acid (AOAA, 30 mg/kg i.p.) and valproic acid (VPA, 200 mg/kg i.p.) on GABA levels in nerve endings of 11 brain regions in rats as a function of time after administration. The data obtained were compared with the magnitude and time course of the effects of both drugs in rats on body temperature, pain response and against seizures induced by electroshock, pentylenetetrazol and 3-mercaptopropionic acid. Following AOAA, maximum increases in synaptosomal GABA levels of brain regions were observed 6 hr after administration. At this time, GABA was significantly elevated up to 300% over control values in synaptosomal fractions from all 11 regions. However, the hypothermic and antinociceptive effects of the drug as well as its anticonvulsant action against electroshock and pentylenetetrazol induced seizures were maximal 1 hr after injection and had vanished after 6 hr, i.e. at the time of maximum GABA increases in synaptosomes. The only pharmacological effect of AOAA which paralleled the time course of the synaptosomal GABA elevation was the attenuation of seizures induced by 3-mercaptopropionic acid. Following VPA, the effect on synaptosomal GABA levels was much more rapid in onset and significant increases were already determined 5 to 30 min after administration. Significant increases of up to 80% over control values were found in synaptosomal fractions from olfactory bulb, frontal cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus, tectum, substantia nigra and cerebellum. In contrast to AOAA, the time course of the synaptosomal GABA increases, at least in some regions, was similar to the time course of VPA's antinociceptice effects and its anticonvulsant effects in the three seizure models studied. The data may suggest that AOAA and VPA increase different pools of GABA within nerve terminals, only one of which is involved in GABA-mediated neurotransmission. PMID- 3924049 TI - Modification of dopa toxicity in human tumour cells. AB - A variety of factors were found to modify the toxicity of L-dopa in HeLa cells (D37 16 microM) and in dopa-sensitive, nonpigmented human melanoma cells (MM96) (D37 5 microM) having a similar size and doubling time. Dopa toxicity was decreased by concurrent treatment with superoxide dismutase, peroxidase or catalase, by erythrocytes, or by hypoxia. Toxicity could be increased by the enzyme inhibitors L- and D-penicillamine, sodium diethyldithiocarbamate or 3 amino-1,2,4-triazole. The two cell lines had similar levels of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase; in 6 human melanoma lines, no correlation was found between dopa killing and tyrosinase activity as determined either by formation of dopa from tyrosine or by formation of melanin from dopa. Uptake of L-dopa was similar in HeLa and MM96 cells, and the toxicity of D-dopa was the same in both lines as that of the L-isomer. Dopa decomposed within 12 hr in culture medium, the rate and products being influenced by addition of the above enzymes and by the cell density. Dopa-melanin and medium containing decomposed dopa were also selectively toxic to MM96 cells. Adenovirus 5 was used in two different ways to assess the relative importance of DNA damage and inhibition of DNA synthesis by dopa. Viral replication was found to be unaffected in cells being treated with dopa but was strongly inhibited in cells treated with the DNA polymerase inhibitor cytosine arabinoside. Secondly, the virus was itself inactivated by treatment with dopa for 24 hr (D37 1.3 mM); similar dose response curves were obtained for replication of dopa-treated virus in untreated HeLa or MM96 cells. These results show that the initial events of dopa toxicity occur outside the cell and lead to the formation of a stable, toxic product (probably melanin) which does not strongly inhibit DNA polymerase activity. Melanoma hypersensitivity was not due to differences in oxygen-metabolizing enzymes, dopa uptake, or DNA repair. PMID- 3924048 TI - Catalytic irreversible inhibition of Trypanosoma brucei brucei ornithine decarboxylase by substrate and product analogs and their effects on murine trypanosomiasis. AB - Ornithine decarboxylase from Trypanosoma brucei brucei was inhibited by several substrate (ornithine) and product (putrescine) analogs both in vitro and in vivo. Since alpha-difluoromethylornithine is effective for the treatment of experimental and clinical African trypanosomiasis, it was possible that the more potent ornithine and putrescine analogs might be more active in treating the disease. However, only alpha-monofluoromethyldehydroornithine methyl ester was more potent than alpha-difluromethylornithine against mouse trypanosomiasis and warrants further study in model infections. PMID- 3924050 TI - Separation, partial purification and characterization of cytochrome P-450 having different affinities for NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase from rat liver microsomes. PMID- 3924051 TI - Potentiation by alpha-difluoromethylornithine of the activity of 3,4 dihydroxybenzylamine, a tyrosinase-dependent melanolytic agent, against B16 melanoma. AB - Continuous exposure for 96 hr of B16 melanoma cells in culture to 2.5 mM alpha difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), a specific and irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase, resulted in a marked increase in the activity of the enzyme tyrosinase, and also 20% cell kill as assessed by clonogenic assay. A 4-hr exposure to 0.4 mM 3,4-dihydroxybenzylamine (DHBA), a compound which is melanolytic due to its conversion to a cytotoxic quinone by the tumor specific enzyme tyrosinase, was found to be approximately equitoxic to 2.5 mM DMFO. However, a combination of DFMO (2.5 mM) and DHBA (0.4 mM) produced greater than 95% cell kill. This observed cytotoxicity with the combination suggests that induction of tyrosinase by DFMO sensitizes B16 melanoma cells to the melanolytic activity of DHBA. Oral administration of DFMO to mice bearing subcutaneous B16 melanomas also resulted in marked increases in the activity of tyrosinase in the tumor tissue. In mice inoculated intraperitoneally with 10(5) B16 melanoma cells, administration of DFMO via the drinking water (2%) increased the survival time by 8.5 days, whereas intraperitoneal administration of 300 mg/kg of DHBA for 14 days resulted in an increase in life span of 4.5 days compared to untreated controls. A combination of DFMO and DHBA prolonged the survival time by 14.6 days. These results indicate that DFMO in combination with an appropriate tyrosinase dependent melanolytic agent might be useful in the chemotherapy of malignant melanomas. PMID- 3924052 TI - The metabolic fate of pargyline in rat liver microsomes. AB - The availability of a sensitive analytical assay for the simultaneous quantitation of pargyline (PARG) and four of its major metabolites have made possible a detailed study on the metabolism of the drug in rat liver microsomes with emphasis put on comparisons between optional N-dealkylation reactions and N oxide formation. Pargyline is a lipophilic amine with a low pKa-value of 6.6 and undergoes extensive metabolism. The conversion of the substrate is rapid and comprizes three N-dealkylation and one N-oxidation reactions, yielding N benzylpropargylamine (BPA), N-methyl-propargylamine (MPA), N-benzylmethylamine (BMA) and pargyline N-oxide (PNO), respectively. Phenobarbital (PB) pretreatment of the rats causes a pronounced increase in the metabolism with about 90% of the substrate being consumed within the first minute of incubation at 100 microM substrate concentration. At this substrate concentration the most pronounced induction is seen in the formation of BPA and also in its further metabolism, while levels of BMA and MPA remain fairly constant. Pargyline N-oxide is the most abundant metabolite in microsomes from untreated rats and its formation is not increased by PB induction. Moreover, the inhibition of PNO formation by typical cytochrome P-450 inhibitors is marginal, while that of BPA, BMA and MPA formation is not. N-Debenzylation, yielding MPA, is the least important of the N dealkylation reactions and the effect of PB induction on this reaction becomes noticeable only at high substrate concentrations. The studies suggest that various cytochrome P-450 enzymes are involved in the N-dealkylation reactions of PARG while N-oxidation appears to occur mainly by a cytochrome P-450-independent pathway. As propiolaldehyde, a potential hepatotoxin, is formed concomitant to BMA, and as PNO, under certain conditions, can decompose to acrolein, another well-known hepatotoxin, both these quantitatively important metabolic routes have to be considered in evaluating the toxicity of pargyline. PMID- 3924053 TI - Influence of species and drug pretreatment on the metabolic oxidation of cimetidine and metiamide. PMID- 3924054 TI - The generation of potentially toxic, reactive iminium ions from the oxidative metabolism of xenobiotic N-alkyl compounds. PMID- 3924056 TI - Cimetidine interaction with liver microsomes in vitro and in vivo. Involvement of an activated complex with cytochrome P-450. AB - The O-deethylation of 7-ethoxycoumarin was inhibited in a mixed type manner by cimetidine in vitro and in microsomes isolated from rats treated with cimetidine in vivo. It was found that the inhibition was even greater if cimetidine was preincubated with the microsomal suspension in the presence of an NADPH generating system prior to the addition of substrate. In vitro the decrease in activity was accompanied by a decrease in cytochrome P-450 content. This decrease was unaffected by the addition of EDTA to the microsomal suspensions, eliminating the possibility that free radical production was responsible for the decrease in cytochrome P-450. The decrease in activity and cytochrome P-450 content following preincubation of microsomal suspensions with cimetidine could be attenuated if potassium ferricyanide was added to the suspensions. The deethylation activity and cytochrome P-450 content of liver microsomes prepared from cimetidine-treated rats was decreased compared to control animals. The activity and cytochrome P-450 content of microsomes from cimetidine-treated rats could also be restored if microsomes were washed with potassium ferricyanide prior to incubation with substrate. It is proposed that an intermediate complex of cimetidine and cytochrome P-450 could be involved in the inhibition of microsomal metabolism by cimetidine. PMID- 3924055 TI - The long duration, in vivo, inhibition of prostaglandin synthetase by 2-methyl-8 cis-12-trans-14-cis-eicosatrienoic acid. AB - Competitive inhibition of prostaglandin synthetase by 8-cis-12-trans-14-cis eicosatrienoic acid has been reported to occur in vitro. No in vivo effects were observed, possibly due to rapid metabolic degradation of this fatty acid by beta oxidation. The present study involved the evaluation of this compound in vivo, and the preparation and evaluation in vivo of its alpha and beta methyl substituted analogs which retain the carbon skeleton of the parent compound, and which might be expected to be resistant to beta-oxidation. Using a newly developed radioimmunoassay for the total urinary metabolites of prostaglandin E, data were obtained that indicates that both the parent compound and its 2-methyl analog are prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors in vivo. The 2-methyl analog exhibited an unusually long duration of activity as compared to both indomethacin and the parent compound. The lengthened duration of action of the 2-methyl analog may be explained both by its possible resistance to beta-oxidation, and to possible alteration in rates of either fatty acid transport, or incorporation/release from triglycerides (acylation/deacylation of triglycerides). PMID- 3924057 TI - Peroxisomal beta-oxidation and sodium valproate. AB - The influence of sodium valproate on peroxisomal beta-oxidation was investigated in rats, by evaluating in vivo changes in hepatic H2O2 production, using a combination of the catalase inhibitor 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole, and methanol. In rats starvation causes an increased flux of fatty acids through the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway. Valproate inhibits the formation of 3-hydroxybutyrate but not increased H2O2 production during starvation. There is no inhibitory effect of valproate on the peroxisomal oxidase. At low valproate concentrations it is possible that peroxisomes partially take over impaired mitochondrial function. PMID- 3924058 TI - Meningococcemia presenting as septic arthritis, pericarditis, and tenosynovitis. PMID- 3924059 TI - Reduced joint count indices in the evaluation of rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Two types of summary measures of joint disease were evaluated in 2 controlled clinical trials in rheumatoid arthritis patients. One measure was based solely on the clinical/biologic judgment approach; the other combined this methodology with statistical approaches using reliability and factor analyses. "Signal joint" indices, summarizing disease activity in 2-5 key joints, were found to be insensitive to deterioriation of nonsignal joints. Therefore, they are not recommended as replacements for the complete articular survey in rheumatoid arthritis. A reduced version of the complete articular survey was found to be desirable based on its validity, reliability, accuracy, precision, and sensitivity to active drugs. Its sensitivity can be slightly higher or lower than that of the full joint survey. PMID- 3924060 TI - Coronary arteritis in mice following the systemic injection of group B Lactobacillus casei cell walls in aqueous suspension. AB - We describe the induction of an asymmetric, focal, inflammatory coronary arteritis by a single intraperitoneal injection of group B Lactobacillus casei cell wall fragments in various inbred mouse strains. This coronary arteritis resembles the arteritis which is responsible for the 1-2% fatality rate among children with mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome. Coronary arteritis developed in 18 of 26 C57BL/6, 14 of 26 A/J, 7 of 15 Balb/c, and 8 of 15 C3Heb/FeJ mice injected. It also developed in 2 of 4 "nude" A/J background mice and 3 of 4 "nude" C57BL/6 mice, but in 0 of 15 C3H/HeJ mice. Lesions were evident as early as 3 days following injection. The development of arteritis was accompanied by disruption of the arterial intima and media with true aneurysm formation. Measurement of serial IgG and IgM titers indicated no relationship between the development of coronary arteritis and immunoglobulin response to L casei cell walls or the development of antibodies cross-reactive with normal myocardium. The absence of disease in only the C3H/HeJ mice, which are known to have defective macrophages, suggests that macrophages may play an essential role in the pathogenesis of coronary arteritis. PMID- 3924061 TI - Oral gold therapy in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis and preexisting uremia. PMID- 3924062 TI - Metabolism of arachidonic acid by macaque platelets. Implications for studies on atherosclerosis. AB - The metabolism of [1-14C]arachidonic acid [( 1-14C]AA) by washed platelets from macaques and human subjects was investigated. The results were as follows: At substrate levels of 1 microM, similar amounts of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha), prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), and thromboxane A2 (TXA2), measured as thromboxane B2 (TXB2), were produced from [1-14C]AA by platelets from rhesus, Celebes black, and cynomolgus macaques and humans. An increase in the AA concentration from 1 microM to 20 microM decreased the TXB2: PGD2 ratio (aggregator: antiaggregator) from greater than 5 to less than 2 in all series. In the human series, the ratio decrease was due to an increase in PGD2 production; in the macaque series, PGD2 production increased and TXB2 production decreased. Under basal conditions and at 1 microM AA concentrations, the amounts of prostaglandins and thromboxanes produced by platelets from male and female rhesus macaques were the same. An increase in substrate concentration from 1 microM to 20 microM AA decreased TXB2 production and increased PGD2 production to the same extent in platelets from male and female rhesus macaques. Imidazole increased prostaglandin production and decreased TXB2 production by platelets from both male and female rhesus macaques. The TXB2: PGD2 ratios were reduced below 1.5; there was no difference between the ratios in the two series. In the presence of 1 mM imidazole, greater amounts of prostaglandins and thromboxanes were produced in the male than in the female series. These data indicate that macaque's platelets are a suitable model for the study of AA metabolism in human platelets. PMID- 3924063 TI - Alterations in glycosaminoglycans of the aorta of vitamin E-deficient rats. AB - To elucidate whether or not a vitamin E-deficient diet affects the rat aorta extracellular matrix, we examined the alterations in glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), as one of the components of the extracellular matrix of the aorta. The total amount of uronic acid, as an index of GAG, decreased significantly in the aorta of vitamin E-deficient rats. The components of GAG were identified as hyaluronic acid (HA), heparan sulfate (HS), dermatan sulfate (DS) and chondroitin sulfate (CS) by electrophoresis together with enzymic digestion. The amount of sulfated GAGs, especially the amount of DS and CS, decreased in the aorta of vitamin E deficient rats. The biosynthetic activity of GAG was determined by using [3H]glucosamine and [35S]sulfate. The total biosynthetic activity of GAG and the incorporation of [3H]glucosamine into HA, HS, DS and CS decreased markedly in the aorta of vitamin E-deficient rats. The decrease in the production of sulfated GAGs, especially DS, which is involved in the potent antithrombogenic activity, could be related to the lower anticoagulant activity in the aorta of vitamin E deficient rats. PMID- 3924064 TI - Characterization of plasma lipids and lipoproteins in patients with beta 2 glycoprotein I (apolipoprotein H) deficiency. AB - The fasting plasma lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins were evaluated in 5 subjects with undetectable levels of the plasma protein beta 2-glycoprotein I (apolipoprotein H). Family studies confirmed an autosomal co-dominant inheritance pattern for the concentrations of apo H. The total lack of this protein is rare and less than 0.3% of clinic patients demonstrated levels undetectable by radial immunodiffusion. Plasma lipoprotein evaluation in these subjects with beta 2 glycoprotein I absence by analytical ultracentrifugation and compositional analysis demonstrated low concentrations of HDL2b and HDL3. More striking, however, was the lack of a consistent marked effect on the plasma lipoproteins as is found in other apolipoprotein deficiency states. We conclude that the lack of apolipoprotein H does not result in a significant perturbation of normal lipoprotein metabolism as reflected by analysis of fasting plasma lipoproteins. Further study is required to evaluate the role of this glycoprotein in the metabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. PMID- 3924066 TI - Identification and quantitation of alpha 2-HS-glycoprotein in the mineralized matrix of calcified plaques of atherosclerotic human aorta. AB - alpha 2-HS-glycoprotein (HSGP) is a minor constituent of plasma with negative acute-phase reactant properties. HSGP has been shown previously to accumulate in the mineralized matrix of bone and dentin to concentrations substantially higher than those present in plasma. In addition, HSGP has also been found in experimentally induced dermal calcifications in animals. Here we show that HSGP is occluded in the organic matrix of pathological calcifications of atherosclerotic human aortic tissue in a concentration approximately 7-fold greater than that found in plasma. PMID- 3924065 TI - A comparative study of the effects of acipimox and clofibrate in type III and type IV hyperlipoproteinemia. AB - Acipimox, an analogue of nicotinic acid, is a hypolipidemic drug with antilipolytic activity. Ten patients with type III and 10 with type IV hyperlipoproteinemia participated in a comparative open cross-over study of the effect of acipimox (750 mg/day) and clofibrate (2 g/day) on lipoproteins, apoliproproteins and postheparin lipase activities during 6 weeks. During acipimox treatment 2 type III patients complained of flushing, resulting in one drop-out. In the type III patients serum cholesterol decreased 30% (P less than 0.01) during treatment with acipimox and 24% (P less than 0.01) with clofibrate, and serum triglycerides 48% (P less than 0.01) and 34% (P less than 0.01), respectively. In the type IV patients serum cholesterol remained unchanged and serum triglycerides decreased 34% (P less than 0.05) and 35% (P less than 0.01), respectively. HDL cholesterol increased during treatment with both drugs in both groups between 6 and 15% (P less than 0.05) mainly due to a rise in HDL3 cholesterol (d greater than 1.100 g/ml). LDL cholesterol increased significantly during treatment with clofibrate, but not with acipimox. There were no or slight changes in the apoproteins A and B. Postheparin lipoprotein lipase increased during clofibrate treatment and hepatic lipase decreased during acipimox treatment. We concluded that acipimox in a dose of 750 mg/day has a similar hypolipidemic effect as 2 g clofibrate daily in type III and IV hyperlipoproteinemia. PMID- 3924067 TI - Clinical significance of measurements of serum apolipoprotein A-I, A-II and B in hypertriglyceridemic male patients with and without coronary artery disease. AB - To examine the relationship of hypertriglyceridemia to coronary artery disease (CAD), we measured serum cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and apolipoproteins (apo) A-I, A-II and B in 82 male patients with angiographically defined CAD and 140 age-matched healthy controls. The CAD patients had significantly lower apo A-I and A-II and HDL-C levels, but had higher apo B and triglyceride levels than the controls. After adjustments of apolipoproteins for serum triglyceride, CAD patients had significantly higher apo B and lower apo A-I and A-II levels than the controls. Discriminant analysis showed that apo B was the best discriminator and that apo A-I was next. In the normotriglyceridemic subgroup HDL-C also had a sufficient power for discrimination between CAD patients and the controls, but in the hypertriglyceridemic subgroup HDL-C had no discriminative power. Both apo A-I and B had significant discriminative power between CAD patients and the controls, independently of the serum triglyceride level. These results indicate that measurements of serum apo A-I and apo B are useful for the study of coronary risk factor in hypertriglyceridemic subjects. Finally, it is necessary to sub-classify dyslipoproteinemia by serum apolipoprotein levels for predicting the future occurrence of CAD in the general population. PMID- 3924068 TI - Effects of fenofibrate on high and low density lipoprotein metabolism in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. AB - This study investigates the influence of pharmacological doses of fenofibrate on HDL and LDL metabolism in 5 familial hypercholesterolemia heterozygotes. Fenofibrate lowered plasma low density lipoprotein cholesterol (20%, P less than 0.025), triglycerides (37%: P less than 0.005) and apolipoprotein B (14%: P less than 0.05) but increased apo A-I (20%; P = 0.01). Kinetic studies showed that the drug markedly increased the fractional catabolic rate of LDL-apo B by 59% and its synthetic rate by 36%. Fractional catabolic rate of apo A-I was also increased by 26% but accompanied by a much greater increase of its synthetic rate (49%). Thus the change in balance between catabolism and synthesis of both apoproteins affected by fenofibrate accounts for the observed plasma concentration changes, which may be considered as favourable with regard to the management of atherosclerosis. PMID- 3924069 TI - Light harvesting by phycobilisomes. PMID- 3924071 TI - Cortical control of oculomotor functions. I. Optokinetic nystagmus. AB - The cortical control of horizontal optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) has been studied in 13 adult cats with unilateral lesions. OKN was induced by rotating the visual field around the animals in both binocular and monocular conditions. (1) No deficits of OKN appeared following unilateral ablations of visual cortex. (2) Lesions of different parts of suprasylvian cortex were made: the posterior and the middle suprasylvian cortex involving area 7 and the lateral suprasylvian area (LSA). Only the middle suprasylvian cortex damage produced on OKN asymmetry due to a decrease of the slow-phase velocity directed toward the side of the lesion. The deficits were compensated for within about 10 days. We conclude that the middle suprasylvian cortex and particularly LSA regulate the ipsilateral slow phases of OKN. PMID- 3924070 TI - [Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: guidelines for the control of infections in the ambulatory patient and in the hospitalized patient]. PMID- 3924072 TI - Asymmetry in the effects of unilateral 6-OHDA lesions on eating and drinking evoked by hypothalamic stimulation. AB - The present experiment investigated the effects of unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the caudate nucleus and nucleus accumbens on eating and drinking evoked by electrical stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus (ESLH). Lesions were made on either the 'dominant' or 'non-dominant' hemisphere as defined by an amphetamine-rotation test. We report here that lesions of the 'dominant hemisphere' were significantly more effective in disrupting ESLH-evoked behavior as well as producing longer-lasting deficits in somatosensory responsiveness as measured by the 'tactile extinction test'. PMID- 3924073 TI - Determination of the protein content of crystals formed by Mastigocladus laminosus C-phycocyanin, Chroomonas spec. phycocyanin-645 and modified human fibrinogen using an improved Ficoll density gradient method. AB - We demonstrated for several protein crystals of known protein content that the simple Ficoll density gradient method for crystal density determination as described by Westbrook (1976) often leads to quite erroneous results. In particular, the apparent density of loosely packed crystals can show a tremendous change within the first minutes of measurement. In order to derive the correct protein content the apparent crystal density must be followed as a function of time and has to be extrapolated back to the time of insertion of the crystal into the gradient. The packing densities of four novel protein crystals, formed by Mastigocladus laminosus C-phycocyanin, Chroomonas spec. phycocyanin-645 (two forms), and modified human fibrinogen have been determined and that of proteinase II of Crotalus adamanteus has been corrected. The C-phycocyanin crystals were found to contain (in contrast to earlier results reported by others) only one (alpha beta)-monomer, the phycocyanin-645 crystals two and three (alpha alpha' beta 2)-monomers, respectively, and the fibrinogen crystals one fibrinogen molecule per asymmetric unit. PMID- 3924074 TI - [The chemoselective fluorescence labeling of alpha-chymotrypsin]. AB - The covalent fixation of the phosphinoyl residues in the active site of alpha chymotrypsin is proved by the application of the fluorescent phosphinoyl fluorides 1 [( 5-(dimethylamino)-1-naphthyl]phenylphosphinoyl-fluoride) or 4 [(5 methoxy-1-naphthyl)phenyl-phosphinoylfluoride]. The differences in the rates of the phosphinoylation of alpha-chymotrypsin and "methyl-alpha-chymotrypsin" as compared to 1 agree with model reactions. In both enzymes the serine-OH in the active site is phosphinoylated. The non-fluorescent 4-nitrophenyl [5 (dimethylamino)-1-naphthyl]phenylphospinate (3) and the corresponding non fluorescent 5-methoxynaphthyl derivative 5 inhibit alpha-chymotrypsin far more slowly than the corresponding fluorides 1 and 4. The phosphinoyl residues of the nitrophenyl esters 3 and 5 are covalently linked in a yield of 80% to the active site of the enzyme with evolution of fluorescence. 20% of the nitrophenyl ester inhibits the enzyme by adsorption. PMID- 3924075 TI - [Metabolic effects of ring-substituted arylalkylguanidines on insulin-sensitive systems. I. Amino-substituted benzylguanidines]. AB - The synthesis of benzylguanidines carrying amino groups and their influence on insulin-sensitive metabolic systems are described. All substances show hypoglycemic activity in mice with intact metabolism. (3-Acetamido benzyl)guanidine is most effective; the blood glucose concentration is lowered by 55%, accompanied by only a weak increase in serum lactate concentration; the glucose oxidation of epididymal fat cells of the rat remains unaffected. PMID- 3924076 TI - Influence of lysine on urea cycle activity and orotate formation in the isolated perfused rat liver. AB - There was a reversible inhibition of urea formation in the perfused rat liver caused by 2.25-27 mM lysine acting with a Ki of 10.8 mM in competition with ornithine. Urea formation in the presence of inhibitory concentrations of lysine ranged between 2.3 and 2.9 mumol X min-1 X (g, liver wet)-1 after addition of 1 mM of citrulline, argininosuccinate or arginine, whereas it amounted to 0.5 mumol X min-1 X (g, liver wet)-1 after addition of ornithine, showing that lysine inhibited the urea cycle between ornithine and citrulline. There was a rise of basal orotate formation of 0.03 +/- 0.02 mumol X h-1 X (g, liver wet)-1 towards a maximum of 0.6 +/- 0.04 mumol X h-1 X (g, liver wet)-1 after addition of 13.5 mM lysine, provided orotate utilization was blocked with allopurinol. Maximal rates of orotate formation were reached when ammonium concentrations exceeded 1 mM. We conclude that an inhibition of urea synthesis and a rise of orotate formation are caused by lysine in the isolated liver in vitro at rates observed in vivo. Hence, these metabolic alterations observed in the whole animal are most probably due to changes of liver metabolism. PMID- 3924077 TI - Proteinase K from Tritirachium album limber. I. Molecular mass and sequence around the active site serine residue. AB - The molecular mass of proteinase K was determined by gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate and by active site labelling with diisopropyl fluorophosphate. Both methods indicate molecular masses in the range of 27 000-29 000 Da. These values differ significantly from that of 18 500 formerly determined by gel filtration (Ebeling et al. (1974) Eur. J. Biochem. 47, 91-97). Proteinase K was inactivated with [3H]diisopropyl fluorophosphate. Afterwards the labelled protein was reduced, S-carboxymethylated and digested with cyanogen bromide. The chain lengths of the isolated CNBr-fragments are indicative of a molecular mass of proteinase K of at least 28 000 Da. Two CNBr-fragments were sequenced. The radioactively labelled fragment contains 69 residues and the sequence around the labelled residues was found to be -Ile-Ser-Gly-Thr-SER-Met-Ala-Thr-Pro-. This sequence is typical for that around the active site residue of the subtilisins. From the determined sequences it is concluded that the fungal proteinase K is phylogenetically related to the bacterial subtilisins. PMID- 3924079 TI - [Preliminary studies on the occurrence of Rickettsiae of the spotted fever group in Rhipicephalus sanguineus captured in suburban areas]. AB - In the urban periphery of Rome, two sub-zones could be distinguished, characterized by uncultivated steppeland and by small shacks with large quantities of domestic refuse, respectively. Rhipicephalus sanguineus appeared to be typical of this second sub-zone. R. sanguineus adults and nymphae were captured in different seasonal periods and were checked for the prevalence of rickettsiae of the Spotted Fever (SF) group. Moreover, larvae from hatched eggs, laid by captured R. sanguineus females, were checked for the transovarial transmission of rickettsiae. Ten lots each of three guinea-pigs, seronegative to rickettsiae of the SF group, were inoculated with R. sanguineus extracts, prepared from adults or larvae. Clinical signs of infection, fever and scrotal reaction, could be observed only in one lot of guinea-pigs inoculated with adult parasites. On the other hand, in 8 out of 10 guinea pig lots, antibodies to the soluble antigens of R. conori and R. slovaca were observed by the complement fixation (CF) test. In the remaining two lots only antibodies to R. slovaca were detected. No antibodies to Coxiella burneti could be demonstrated in the same sera. PMID- 3924078 TI - [Characteristics of patients with ischemic heart disease under dispensary observation in a regional polyclinic and the evaluation of anti-angina therapy conducted under dispensary conditions]. AB - An analysis has been made of the structure of a group of patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) subjected to prophylactic control in a city polyclinic and the antianginal treatment performed has been assessed. Clinical examination of 85 patients with diagnosed CHD and angina pectoris (AP) and 111 patients with diagnosed CHD only, demonstrated AP in 46.7 and 35.8% of cases, respectively. 50.4% of the patients had contraindications for bicycle ergometry. An adequate treatment with propranolol, sustak (64 mg) and nitrosorbide was effected in less than 2 and 3, and in 6% of patients, respectively. Calcium antagonists in adequate doses were not used. PMID- 3924080 TI - [Chemiluminescence on hypoxic brain--the 2nd report: cerebral protective effect of mannitol, vitamin E and betamethasone]. AB - The effect of vitamin E, betamethasone and mannitol upon a series of pathological free radical reaction within the hypoxic brain tissue was evaluated by chemiluminescence method. The hypoxic brain was induced by arterial hypoxemia (PaO2 17-22 mmHg) with normocapnia (PaCO2 28-38 mm Hg) and normotension (MABP 100 140 mmHg). 4% O2-96% N2 mixed gas was used as the replacement for obtaining lowered PaO2. In the control group high valued chemiluminescence was measured in the hypoxic state and in the early stage of the initial post-hypoxic state. In the groups administered vitamin E, betamethasone, mannitol and combination of them, however, just extra low valued chemiluminescence was detected. Besides to explore the stage on which the drugs act in lipid peroxidation, chemiluminescence spectra was analyzed using the homogenate added the each drug. Intensity peaks of the spectra were around at 480, 520-530, 570, 620-640, 680-700 nm before addition of the drugs. All the intensity peaks diminished after addition of vitamin E and betamethasone, while in case of mannitol, very little decrease of the intensity peaks was revealed. These experimental results indicate as follows. The lowered chemiluminescence value may prove the possibility of vitamin E, betamethasone and mannitol as free radical scavengers or inhibitor of lipid peroxidation. Chemiluminescence spectro-analysis shows that vitamin E and betamethasone act on the break down of lipid hydroperoxide and mannitol act on hydroxy radical in lipid peroxidation. PMID- 3924082 TI - Ventilatory responses of children to changes in deadspace volume. Studies using the T-piece (Mapleson F) system. AB - Twelve patients (4.3-25.3 kg) undergoing minor surgical procedures were investigated during halothane anaesthesia with spontaneous breathing through a modified T-piece (Mapleson F) with an apparatus deadspace that could be changed from 2 ml (VDsmall) to 16 ml (VDlarge). Immediately following the switch from VDsmall to Vlarge ETCO2 (mean +/- 1 SD) increased from 6.89 +/- 1.09% to 7.61 +/- 1.14% (ns) then gradually decreased during a 10-min period. The initial plateau of FlCO2 (mean +/- 1 SD) with VDlarge was 0.74 +/- 0.34%, but gradually decreased to 0.63 +/- 0.25% after 10 min. This was achieved by an increase in VE (P less than 0.05 by 2 min). After 10 min VE had increased by more than 40% (P less than 0.01) as a result of an increase in VT (mean +/- 1 SD) of 14.6 +/- 6.5 ml. After 10 min of VDlarge ventilation, VA and VCO2 were maintained at VDsmall values. The adequate ventilatory response to the large deadspace was seen in all patients, but the ventilatory efficiency, as judged by VD/VT and VENCO2 ratios, was reduced significantly in the children weighing less than 10 kg. PMID- 3924081 TI - Efficacy of transdermal glyceryl trinitrate in the treatment of chronic stable angina pectoris. AB - A study was carried out to assess the efficacy of a new transdermal preparation of glyceryl trinitrate (Transiderm-Nitro 5) in the 24 hour prophylaxis of angina and to determine the duration of effect of a single patch application. Twelve men with chronic stable angina were studied in a randomised, placebo controlled, double blind trial. By serial treadmill exercise testing a therapeutic effect was shown at three hours; the exercise time to angina and to 1 mm ST segment depression and the total exercise time were all significantly increased. At 24, 48, and 72 hours, however, no therapeutic effect was observed. Recent studies have shown a similar lack of effect at 24 hours for various forms of transdermal delivery systems. It is suggested that this lack of effect is due to the rapid onset of tolerance probably as a result of the constancy of blood concentrations obtained by this method of administration. PMID- 3924083 TI - Changes in ventilatory patterns during halothane anaesthesia in children. AB - Changes in ventilatory variables (VE, VE, f, Tl/Ttot, VT/Tl, PE'CO2) were studied in 12 unpremedicated children, weighing between 10 and 20 kg, during halothane anaesthesia. At an inspired concentration of 0.5% halothane, respiratory rate increased, VT decreased, and VE did not change markedly. When the inspired halothane concentration increased further, there was a significant decrease in VE, mainly as a result of a marked decrease in VT. PE'CO2 increased significantly and inspiratory duty cycle decreased at high inspired halothane concentrations. On return to baseline (0.5% halothane), there was a significant decrease in inspiratory timing and a significant increase in PE'CO2. The relations between these changes and the effect of halothane on inspiratory muscles are discussed. PMID- 3924084 TI - Effect of alfentanil anaesthesia on the adrenocortical and hyperglycaemic response to abdominal surgery. AB - Plasma concentrations of cortisol and glucose were measured from before to 9 h after skin incision in 24 patients undergoing abdominal hysterectomy. The patients were randomly allocated to receive either high-dose alfentanil anaesthesia (150 micrograms kg-1 initially, followed by continuous infusion at a rate of 3 micrograms kg-1 min-1) or neurolept anaesthesia (droperidol 0.25 mg kg 1 plus fentanyl 5 micrograms kg-1 initially, followed by intermittent incremental doses of fentanyl 50 micrograms). The intraoperative and initial postoperative increases in plasma cortisol and glucose concentrations were inhibited (P less than 0.05) by alfentanil but, later in the postoperative period, both groups showed identical increases in cortisol and glucose concentrations. Mean arterial pressure and heart rate were more stable in the alfentanil group. The concept of "stress-free" anaesthesia during high-dose opiate administration seems to be valid during operation and for the initial 1-3 h into the postoperative period. PMID- 3924085 TI - In vivo interactions between the benzodiazepine antagonist Ro 15-1788 and the steroid anaesthetic althesin in rats. AB - Althesin and delta 16-alphaxalone have been used alone and in combination with the benzodiazepine antagonist Ro 15-1788 to investigate any protective effect these drugs might have against bicuculline-induced convulsions in rats. We found that Althesin provided good protection against bicuculline-induced convulsions which was enhanced when Ro 15-1788 was also present. delta 16-Alphaxalone lacks the anaesthetic properties of Althesin, but did have some activity in preventing bicuculline-induced convulsions, although it was less effective than Althesin. Its action was not enhanced by treatment with Ro 15-1788. Although we have no definitive explanation of these results, it is possible that when Ro 15-1788 is used clinically, it may interact with other drugs not related chemically to the benzodiazepines. PMID- 3924086 TI - Comparative pharmacodynamics and clinical pharmacokinetics of phenoxymethylpenicillin and pheneticillin. AB - In this study the antimicrobial effects of phenoxymethylpenicillin (PM) and pheneticillin (PE) in vitro and in an experimental animal infection model were compared as well as the pharmacokinetic properties of both drugs in patients. For the inhibitory effect of PM on short-term (3 h) growth of S. aureus in vitro, this drug was 2.13 times more potent than PE. The protein binding of both drugs was similar (78-80%). The potency ratio of PM to PE against S. aureus in an experimental mouse-thigh infection was only 1.25 to 1. This is explained by the difference in the AUC after subcutaneous administration of PM (0.47 mg 1(-1) h) and PE (0.92 mg 1(-1) h). The plasma clearance after intravenous administration of PM was 476.4 ml/min and that of PE was 295.1 ml/min; the plasma clearance of both drugs was strongly correlated with the creatinine clearance. The volume of distribution in the steady state of PM was 35.41 and that of PE 22.51. In 10 patients, the absorption after oral administration of PM as the acid was 48% and that of the potassium salt of PE was 86% of the dose. From the present results it can be concluded that a difference in effectiveness of different formulations of PM and PE would depend entirely on differences in absorption. PMID- 3924087 TI - Non-specific protection against pulmonary Legionella pneumophila infection in guinea-pigs immunized and challenged with mycobacteria. AB - Experiments were designed to test the ability of the non-specific efferent limb of cell mediated immunity (CMI) to protect guinea-pigs against a lethal L. pneumophila challenge. A secondary CMI response was generated in the lungs of guinea-pigs using an established protocol which consisted of intraperitoneal infection with Mycobacterium bovis BCG followed by intravenous infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra. The animals were challenged with L. pneumophila (100 LD50) by the aerosol route 3, 6 or 10 days after the H37Ra infection, and pyrexia and survival were monitored. Lungs were taken from animals killed at intervals for histology and enumeration of viable L. pneumophila. Normal guinea pigs and others infected with either BCG or H37Ra alone were challenged with L. pneumophila as controls. Of the animals which received both BCG and H37Ra, all those challenged 3 days after H37Ra survived but this level of protection fell progressively in groups challenged 6 or 10 days after H37Ra. None of the control animals survived. Mycobacterial lung lesions were granulomatous and were readily distinguished from the acute exudative Legionella lesions. The protected animals showed evidence of a more substantial anti-mycobacterial CMI response and a delay in the development of Legionella lesions. The numbers of L. pneumophila present in the lungs indicated that protection did not result from early elimination of the Legionella challenge. The bacterial counts together with the histopathology suggest that the L. pneumophila was more effectively contained in the protected animals so that exudative damage was reduced. PMID- 3924088 TI - Total skin electron beam irradiation for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (mycosis fungoides). AB - Forty patients with the cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (mycosis fungoides) were treated with total skin electron beam irradiation. The total follow-up period was up to 116 months (median 57.5 months). The patients were irradiated with a total dose of 35 Gy over 10 weeks, using the six-field technique. Ten of these patients had lymph node involvement and were subsequently treated with chemotherapy. After the initial electron irradiation complete remission of the skin lesions was obtained in 87.5% of the patients. Relapse of skin lesions occurred in 52% of the patients after 2-72 months (median 4 months). Second line therapy consisted primarily of topical nitrogen mustard. The overall survival rate at 5 years was 70%. Despite the side-effects this treatment was tolerated well by all patients. PMID- 3924089 TI - A dermatosis associated with bacterial overgrowth in jejunal diverticula. AB - A patient is described with an unusual skin eruption associated with bacterial overgrowth in jejunal diverticula and malabsorption. The initial skin changes were frankly vasculitic with "target' lesions, whilst older lesions showed a psoriasiform scale and a tendency to central clearing. The illness was associated with raised levels of IgM and IgG containing circulating immune complexes and deposition of IgM and IgG in the dermis. It was suppressed by oral antibiotic therapy. There are similarities between the findings in this patient and those described in the intestinal bypass syndrome. PMID- 3924090 TI - Multimeric analysis of eight lyophilized factor VIII concentrates. PMID- 3924091 TI - Protoporphyrin accumulation by mitogen stimulated lymphocytes and protoporphyrinogen oxidase activity in patients with porphyria variegata and erythropoietic protoporphyria: evidence for deficiency of protoporphyrinogen oxidase and ferrochelatase in both diseases. AB - In erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) and porphyria variegata (PV) excess protoporphyrin is excreted in the stool, suggesting one or more enzyme defects in the terminal steps of the haem biosynthetic pathway. We measured protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO), which catalyses the oxidation of protoporphyrinogen to protoporphyrin, in both EPP and PV patients and in the offspring of PV patients. In the same subjects we measured protoporphyrin formation by mitogen stimulated lymphocytes, with delta aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) as substrate and with the addition of chelators or iron, an indirect measure of ferrochelatase activity. PPO activity was reduced by 41% (P less than 0.001) in PV patients and in 50% of their offspring, and by 36% (P less than 0.001) in EPP patients. Protoporphyrin accumulation in stimulated lymphocytes was increased by 1.3-fold (P less than 0.001) in EPP and 1.5-fold (P less than 0.001) in PV patients compared to normal subjects. There was a significant difference in protoporphyrin accumulation between iron deficient and iron replete cells from PV patients as compared to normals but not as marked as for EPP cells treated similarly. Stimulated lymphocytes from prepubertal PV offspring with reduced PPO activity accumulated normal amounts of protoporphyrin. We have interpreted our findings as follows: PPO is significantly reduced in both diseases. Ferrochelatase becomes defective in PV patients after puberty. This could explain why PV is clinically and biochemically manifest only after puberty. As it has been repeatedly shown that ferrochelatase is markedly reduced in EPP, it would appear that both enzymes are deficient in these two porphyrias. PMID- 3924092 TI - Transient expression of a second monoclonal component in two forms of biclonal gammopathy. AB - Two cases of transient biclonal gammopathy are described, one having an IgG kappa and an IgA kappa monoclonal component and another with IgG1 kappa and IgG4 kappa monoclonal components. In both of these cases the second monoclonal component gradually disappeared. Anti-idiotypic antibodies were made against the major monoclonal serum component; in the first case the idiotype of the IgG kappa clone was not found in the IgA kappa plasma cells (real biclonal gammopathy) whereas in the second case the idiotypes of the two clones were identical (apparent biclonal gammopathy). The evolution to monoclonal gammopathy is discussed with regard to the existence of common malignant precursor cells in biclonal gammopathy. PMID- 3924093 TI - Oculodermatological findings in workers with occupational exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). AB - Oculodermatological findings, such as hypersecretion of the Meibomian glands, swelling of the upper eyelids and hyperpigmentation of the conjunctivae are considered typical of "PCB poisoning." They were common clinical manifestations of yusho and yu-cheng, two epidemics in Japan and Taiwan caused by the ingestion of rice cooking oil contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans. To investigate the prevalence of such abnormalities in a population with long term occupational exposure to PCBs, a group of 326 workers employed in two capacitor manufacturing facilities were investigated in 1976, and 195 of these again in 1979. The median blood values of lower homologues of PCBs were 63 ppb (in plasma) in 1976 and 49 ppb (in serum) in 1979, and of the higher homologues 18 ppb and 17 X 5 ppb respectively. The prevalence of oculodermatological findings potentially related to the effects of PCBs were 9 X 4% and 13 X 3% at the two examinations. There was no significant association between such abnormalities and blood plasma/serum concentrations of PCBs. The observations in this work population exposed to PCBs differ from the yusho and yu-cheng experiences in that fewer clinical abnormalities were found. Suggestions are made that it may be inappropriate to extrapolate findings from the well known PCB poisoning episodes to exposures in occupational settings and that attention should be paid to the importance of polychlorinated dibenzofurans as an aetiological factor in human PCB poisoning. PMID- 3924094 TI - Carbon isotope effect on carboxylation of ribulose bisphosphate catalyzed by ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase from Rhodospirillum rubrum. AB - The carbon isotope effect at CO2 has been measured in the carboxylation of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate by the ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase from Rhodospirillum rubrum. The isotope effect is obtained by comparing the isotopic composition of carbon 1 of the 3-phosphoglyceric acid formed in the reaction with that of the carbon dioxide source. A correction is made for carbon 1 of 3 phosphoglyceric acid which arises from carbon 3 of the starting ribulose bisphosphate. The isotope effect is k12/k13 = 1.0178 +/- 0.0008 at 25 degrees C, pH 7.8. This value is smaller than the corresponding value for the spinach enzyme. It appears that substrate addition with the R. rubrum enzyme is principally ordered, with ribulose bisphosphate binding first, whereas substrate addition is random with the spinach enzyme. The carboxylation step is partially rate limiting with both enzymes. PMID- 3924095 TI - Enzymatic and nonenzymatic dehydration reactions of L-arogenate. AB - L-Arogenate, an immediate precursor of either L-tyrosine, L-phenylalanine, or both in many microorganisms and plants, may undergo two types of dehydration reactions that yield products of increased stability. Under acidic conditions, a facile aromatization attended by loss of the C-4 hydroxyl and the C-1 carboxyl moieties results in quantitative conversion to L-phenylalanine. When aromatization was largely prevented by maintaining pH in the range of 7.5-12, a second dehydration reaction occurred in which the alanyl side chain and the carboxyl group at C-1 formed a lactam ring to yield spiro-arogenate. The latter reaction occurs at 100 degrees C, roughly 50% conversion being obtained in 2 h. The product formed from L-arogenate was authentic spiro-arogenate, as demonstrated by high-performance liquid chromatography and thin-layer chromatography identification procedures. Further confirmation was obtained by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance, ultraviolet spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. Thus far, the conversion of L-arogenate to spiro-arogenate is not known to be enzyme catalyzed. The other dehydratase reaction, however, is catalyzed in nature by an enzyme denoted arogenate dehydratase. An improved assay is described for this in which [3H]dansyl derivatives of L-arogenate (substrate) and L-phenylalanine (product) are separated by using bidimensional thin-layer chromatography. The radioactive reaction product is then quantitated. This assay was used to study partially purified arogenate dehydratase from Pseudomonas diminuta, an organism that depends upon the arogenate pathway for L-phenylalanine biosynthesis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3924096 TI - N-terminal analogues of cecropin A: synthesis, antibacterial activity, and conformational properties. AB - Six analogues of the 37-residue antibacterial peptide cecropin A were synthesized by the solid-phase method: cecropin A-(2-37), [Glu2]cecropin A, [Pro4]cecropin A, [Glu6]cecropin A, [Leu6]cecropin A, and [Pro8]cecropin A. Their antibacterial activities against four test organisms were determined and related to conformational changes observed in their CD spectra and were discussed on the basis of a previously proposed amphipathic alpha-helix model. An aromatic residue in position 2 was shown to be important for activity against all tested bacteria. The highly alpha-helical 1-11 region of cecropin A did not appear to play a significant role in its activity against Escherichia coli but was clearly involved in its interaction against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus megaterium, and Micrococcus luteus. PMID- 3924097 TI - Control of glycoprotein synthesis. Bovine milk UDPgalactose:N-acetylglucosamine beta-4-galactosyltransferase catalyzes the preferential transfer of galactose to the GlcNAc beta 1,2Man alpha 1,3- branch of both bisected and nonbisected complex biantennary asparagine-linked oligosaccharides. AB - Bovine milk UDPgalactose:N-acetylglucosamine beta-4-galactosyltransferase has been used to investigate the effect of a bisecting GlcNAc residue (linked beta 1,4 to the beta-linked mannose of the trimannosyl core of asparagine-linked complex oligosaccharides) on galactosylation of biantennary complex oligosaccharides. Columns of immobilized lectins (concanavalin A, erythroagglutinating phytohemagglutinin, and Ricinus communis agglutinin 120) were used to separate the various products of the reactions. Preferential galactosylation of the GlcNAc beta 1,2Man alpha 1,3 arm occurred both in the absence and in the presence of a bisecting GlcNAc residue; the ratio of the rates of galactosylation of the Man alpha 1,3 arm to the Man alpha 1,6 arm was 6.5 in the absence of a bisecting GlcNAc and 2.8 in its presence. The bisecting GlcNAc residue reduced galactosylation of the Man alpha 1,3 arm by about 78% probably due to steric hindrance of the GlcNAc beta 1,2Man alpha 1,3 beta 1,4 region of the substrate by the bisecting GlcNAc. This steric hindrance prevents the action of four other enzymes involved in assembly of complex asparagine-linked oligosaccharides and indicates the importance of the bisecting GlcNAc residue in the control of glycoprotein biosynthesis. The Man alpha 1,3 arm of biantennary oligosaccharides is believed to be freely accessible to enzyme action whereas the Man alpha 1,6 arm is believed to be folded back toward the core. This may explain the preferential action of Gal-transferase on the Man alpha 1,3 arm of both bisected and nonbisected oligosaccharides. PMID- 3924098 TI - The effect of acidic lipids on the activity of bovine milk galactosyltransferase in vesicles of different phosphatidylethanolamines. AB - Bovine milk galactosyltransferase was incorporated into vesicles prepared from different phosphatidylethanolamines which varied widely in both their gel-liquid crystalline and their lamellar-hexagonal phase transition temperatures. Although all phosphatidylethanolamines stimulated the activity of the enzyme the extent of stimulation varied. Acidic lipids phosphatidylserine and phosphatidic acid inhibited the activity of the enzyme incorporated into all of the phosphatidylethanolamines except when the enzyme was in soya PE in which the acidic lipids had no effect. PMID- 3924099 TI - Evidence for HCO3- conductance pathways in nutrient membrane of bullfrog antrum. AB - The effect of changing the nutrient HCO3- concentration on potential difference (PD) and resistance in bullfrog antrum bathing in CI- media was determined. Changes in HCO3- concentration were from 25 mM to several lower concentrations and back to 25 mM. A plot of /delta PD/ versus log [HCO3-] gave a linear relation for changes of HCO3- concentration from 25 down to 3.1 mM and back to 25 mM but deviated to some extent for changes to 1.6 mM. In these experiments, changes from higher to lower HCO3- concentrations gave a less rapid initial PD response than those in the reverse direction. This result eliminated H+ conductance pathways as being predominant. Experiments were done in which in the first part changes were made in nutrient solution from 5 percent CO2 and 25 mM HCO3- to 0.6 percent CO2 and 3 mM HCO3- and in the second part the same changes with a simultaneous changes of secretory solution from 5 percent to 10 percent CO2. The magnitude of PD decrease was greater by 4.5 mV in the second part. This result indicated that HCO3- conductance pathways rather than OH- conductance pathways are predominated . There was no evidence of HCO3-, OH-, and H+ conductance pathways in secretory membranes. PMID- 3924100 TI - Essential adaptation of the calcium influx assay into liposomes with entrapped arsenazo III for studies on the possible calcium translocating properties of acidic phospholipids. AB - An adapted version of the Ca2+-influx assay of Weissmann et al. (Weissmann, G., Anderson, P., Serhan, C., Samuelson, E. and Goodman, E. (1980) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77, 1506-1510) is presented for studies on the possible ionophoretic properties of acidic phospholipids. This method is based on the use of the metallochromic dye arsenazo III enclosed in liposomal vesicles, to indicate the Ca2+ influx. An essential control is introduced to discriminate between Ca2+ arsenazo III complex formation inside the vesicles, as a consequence of Ca2+ influx, and outside the vesicles, as a consequence of arsenazo III leakage from the vesicles. Furthermore, some minor improvements are added, like the use of large unilamellar vesicles instead of multilamellar vesicles, and the use of dual wavelength spectrophotometry. Using this method, it was found that dioleoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles, containing 20 mol% dioleoylphosphatidylglycerol, were impermeable to Ca2+. In this system a selective Ca2+ permeability could be induced by the addition of the fungal Ca2+ ionophore A23187. In contrast, dioleoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles, containing 20 mol% dioleoylphosphatidic acid, incubated in the presence of Ca2+ were permeable to both Ca2+ and arsenazo III. PMID- 3924101 TI - Characteristics of proton excretion in normal and acidotic toad urinary bladder. AB - This study, performed on the urinary bladder of Bufo marinus, was to investigate the characteristics of H+ excretion in the normal and metabolic acidotic toad. Experiments were run in modified Ussing chambers in the presence and absence of exogenous CO2. Amiloride in the mucosal medium (1.5 X 10(-4) M) inhibited H+ excretion in the acidotic bladder but this inhibition was reversed in the presence of 5% CO2. Na+-free mucosal medium revealed a component of H+ excretion in the normal toad that is Na+-dependent and not reversed by 5% CO2. Acetazolamide (10(-3) M) had no effect on H+ excretion in normal toad but inhibits excretion in the acidotic toad both in the presence and absence of exogenous CO2. In both the presence and absence of exogenous CO2 and in the presence of varying pH gradients, the bladders from acidotic toads excreted H+ at a greater rate and were able to generate greater pH gradients than in normal bladders. Voltage clamp experiments revealed that H+ excretion in the acidotic toad was inhibited by a mucosal potential difference of -20 to -100 mV but this inhibition was completely reversed by 5% CO2. In the normal toad bladder H+ excretion was stimulated by a mucosal potential difference of -20 to -100 mV in both the presence and absence of exogenous CO2. Our evidence suggests the possibility of two H+ excretory mechanisms in toad urinary bladder each with its' own set of characteristics dependent on the acid-base state of the animal. Proposed models are presented for these mechanisms. PMID- 3924102 TI - Molecular size heterogeneity of ferritin in mouse liver. AB - As much as 4% of the total protein in pure liver ferritin from mice with short term parenteral iron overload produces a minor band migrating anodally to the major (alpha) band of holoferritin with non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The components in this minor band and the alpha band have been isolated to purity by preparative electrophoretic fractionation. The protein in the minor band is ferritin, since it contains ferric iron and fulfills defining criteria at the level of biochemistry, immunology and ultrastructure. Native polyacrylamide electrophoresis with pore-size-gradient gels shows that the ferritin molecules in the minor band have a slightly smaller diameter than the holoferritin in the alpha band. Isoelectric focusing reveals that the smaller ferritin has an identical number and range of charge isomers (pI 4.9-5.3) as the larger ferritin, but the relative amount of each size class within some isoferritin bands differs. The smaller ferritin molecules are structurally intact and are made from polypeptide subunits with Mr 18 000; the larger ferritin molecules have subunits with Mr 22 000. The minor species of hepatic ferritin thus has a smaller molecular size because it is made mainly from smaller subunits. No minor electrophoretic band can be detected in liver ferritin obtained from mice with normal iron levels. These results demonstrate that siderosis induces the formation of molecular size polymorphism (macroheterogeneity) in mouse liver ferritin. The new smaller hepatic ferritin could serve to redistribute excess iron into the main storage organs during the early response to iron overload, since it appears to be identical to one of the two types of serum ferritin molecules present in these siderotic mice. PMID- 3924103 TI - Catalytic properties of Ancrod, the thrombin-like proteinase from the Malayan pit viper (Agkistrodon rhodostoma) venom. AB - Kinetics for the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl esters of N-alpha-carbobenzoxy-L amino acids catalyzed by Ancrod were determined between pH 5 and 10 (I = 0.1 M) at 21 +/- 0.5 degrees C; the results are consistent with the minimum three-step mechanism: (formula: see text) For all substrates examined, the pH profiles of kcat and/or kcat/Km reflect the ionization of two groups with pKa values ranging between 6.9 and 7.2, and 9.3 and 9.6 (probably, the histidine residue involved in the catalytic triad and the N-terminus, respectively); at variance, values of Km are pH-independent. Moreover, the formation of the E X S complexes may be regarded as a pseudo-equilibrium process, and the acylation step (k + 2) is always rate-limiting in catalysis. Among p-nitrophenyl esters examined, ZArgONp shows the most favourable kinetic parameters and may be the substrate of choice for Ancrod, in that it allows the determination of the enzyme concentration as low as 1 X 10(-9) M (approximately equal to 0.1 Ancrod units/ml), at the optimum pH value (approximately equal to 8). The catalytic behaviour of Ancrod is compared to that of serine proteinases acting on cationic and non-cationic substrates; differences in kinetics, which refer to a lower enzyme:substrate affinity, may be related to a higher rigidity, lower hydrophobicity and/or adverse steric hindrance of the S1 subsite of Ancrod. PMID- 3924104 TI - Arachidonic acid metabolism in isolated pancreatic islets. IV. Negative ion-mass spectrometric quantitation of monooxygenase product synthesis by liver and islets. AB - Deuterium-labelled standards of four regionally isomeric epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) and their hydrolysis products, the dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHETs), have been prepared and analyzed by capillary column gas chromatography (GC)-negative ion (NI)-methane chemical ionization (MCI)-mass spectrometry (MS) as the pentafluorobenzyl esters. As little as 40 pg of these compounds were readily visualized by these methods, and the deuterium-labelled standards were used in a stable isotope dilution mass spectrometric assay which was linear from near the detection limit over several orders of magnitude. NADPH-dependent synthesis of both EETs and DHETs from arachidonate by hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450-mono-oxygenase activity was demonstrable with these methods and was significantly suppressed by the compound BW755C (500 microM), but not by eicosa-5,8,11,14-tetraynoic acid (ETYA, 20 microM) or by nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA, 50 microM). All three compounds suppress glucose-induced insulin secretion and 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE) synthesis by isolated pancreatic islets with similar concentration dependence. Microsomes derived from isolated pancreatic islets synthesized less than 3% of the EET and DHET compounds as a comparable amount of hepatic microsomes. Intact islets synthesized less than 3% by mass of the EET and DHET compounds compared to the mass of 12-HETE produced by the islets. Islets also failed to convert 3H-labelled arachidonate to 3H labelled EETs or DHETs under conditions where conversion to [3H]12-HETE and to [3H]prostaglandin E2 (but not to [3H]leukotriene C4, D4, or E4) was clearly demonstrable. Neither exogenous EETs nor leukotriene C4 stimulated insulin secretion from the isolated islets or reversed the suppression of glucose-induced secretion by the lipoxygenase inhibitor BW755C. The cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase inhibitor, metyrapone (50 microM), did not influence insulin secretion from the isolated islets under conditions where the lipoxygenase inhibitor, NDGA, suppressed glucose-induced secretion. These observations argue against the recently suggested hypothesis that EETs derived from arachidonate by monooxygenase action participate in glucose-induced insulin secretion by isolated pancreatic islets. PMID- 3924105 TI - Immunoaffinity isolation of apolipoprotein E-containing lipoproteins. AB - Discrete apolipoprotein E-containing lipoproteins can be identified when EDTA plasma is fractionated on columns of 4% agarose. The present study has demonstrated, by physical and metabolic criteria, that these apolipoprotein E containing lipoprotein subclasses may be further isolated by immunoaffinity chromatography. Whole plasma was first bound to an anti-apolipoprotein E immunoadsorbent prior to gel filtration on 4% agarose. After elution from the affinity column and dialysis, the bound fraction was chromatographed on 4% agarose. Discrete subfractions of apolipoprotein E could be demonstrated within elution volumes similar to those observed in the original plasma. When whole plasma was first submitted to gel filtration and the apolipoprotein E-containing lipoproteins of either intermediate- or of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) size were subsequently bound to anti-apolipoprotein E columns, the bound eluted fractions maintained their size and physical properties as shown by electron microscopy and by rechromatography on columns of 4% agarose. The metabolic integrity of apolipoprotein E-containing very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) was examined by coinjection into a cynomolgus monkey of 125I-labeled apolipoprotein E rich and 131I-labeled apolipoprotein E-deficient human VLDL which had been separated by immunoaffinity chromatography. The plasma specific activity time curves of the apolipoprotein B in VLDL, intermediate-density (IDL) and low density (LDL) lipoproteins demonstrated rates of decay and precursor-product relationships similar to those obtained after injection of whole labeled VLDL, supporting the metabolic integrity of VLDL isolated by immunoaffinity chromatography. PMID- 3924106 TI - Physiologic effects of columbinic acid and its metabolites on rat skin. AB - Columbinic acid and its cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase metabolites were applied topically to the skin of essential fatty acid-deficient rats and their transepidermal water loss was measured. Despite the ability of the major lipoxygenase metabolite to reverse the scaly dermatitis, neither metabolite of columbinate was able to normalize the epidermal water loss, but the parent acid lowered the measurements in a dose-dependent fashion. These results indicate that some essential fatty acids have important functions as such, and not merely as precursors for other, biologically active, oxygenated metabolites. PMID- 3924107 TI - On the structural specificity in the regulation of the hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase and the cholesterol-7 alpha-hydroxylase in rats. Effects of cholestanol feeding. AB - The effect of feeding 2% cholestanol or cholesterol on cholesterol-7 alpha hydroxylase activity and hydroxymethylglutaryl (HMG)-CoA reductase activity was studied in rats. The rate of 7 alpha-hydroxylation of a trace amount of labelled cholesterol increased by about 80% after the cholestanol feeding, whereas the 7 alpha-hydroxylation of endogenous microsomal cholesterol increased by about 40%. The latter conversion was measured with an accurate technique based on isotope dilution-mass spectrometry. After cholesterol feeding, the corresponding figures were about 50 and 60%, respectively. The cholestanol feeding had no significant effect on the HMG-CoA reductase activity, whereas the cholesterol feeding decreased the activity by about 80%. From the results obtained, it is concluded that the increased 7 alpha-hydroxylation observed after cholesterol feeding can not be explained only by a simple expansion of the substrate pool. The similar effect of both cholesterol and cholestanol on the cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase activity and the diverging effect on the HMG-CoA reductase activity show that there is no coupling between cholesterol synthesis and degradation under the conditions employed. The lack of effect of cholestanol on the HMG-CoA reductase activity indicates a high structural specificity of the receptor involved in regulation of the enzyme. If a receptor mechanism is involved in the stimulation of the cholesterol-7 alpha-hydroxylase by cholesterol and cholestanol, these receptor(s) must be different from those involved in the regulation of the HMG CoA reductase. PMID- 3924108 TI - Metabolism of 4,7,10,13,16-docosapentaenoic acid by human platelet cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase. AB - Washed human platelets are shown to metabolize 4,7,10,13,16-docosapentaenoic acid into three major metabolites which were purified by reverse-phase HPLC. The mass spectra of the methyl ester-trimethylsilyl ether and ethyl ester-trimethylsilyl ether of compound A established it as delta 4-dihomo-thromboxane B2. Compound B was shown to be 14-hydroxy-4,7,10,12-nonadecatetraenoic acid, which is analogous to 12-hydroxy-5,8,10-heptadecatrienoic acid from arachidonic acid. Compound C was produced via an indomethacin-insensitive pathway and was identified as 14-hydroxy 4,7,10,12,16-docosapentaenoic acid. Time- and substrate-dependent studies showed that compounds A,B and C were produced approximately 10,15 and 65% of the extent to which thromboxane B2, 12-hydroxy-5,8,10-heptadecatrienoic acid and 12-hydroxy 5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid were produced, respectively, from arachidonic acid. PMID- 3924109 TI - Alteration of alveolar surfactant function after exposure to oxidative stress and to oxygenated and native arachidonic acid in vitro. AB - Alveolar surfactant is known to be impaired after inhalation of various oxidizing agents (NO2, ozone) as well as in inflammatory lung processes, in which leucocyte derived active oxygen species or arachidonic acid oxygenation products may be involved. The effect of lipid peroxidation, oxygen-free radicals and oxygenated versus native arachidonic acid on the surface tension behaviour of natural surfactant was tested in vitro. The studies were performed on pooled surfactant material, obtained from bronchoalveolar lavage of rabbit lungs, in a Langmuir trough/Wilhelmy balance system. Initiation of lipid peroxidation with FeCl3/ascorbate or UV radiation and the generation of OH.(FeCl2/EDTA/H2O2), O2-. (xanthine/xanthine oxidase) and 1O2 (NaOCl/H2O2) provoked a common profile of changes: delayed reduction of surface tension during compression with an increase in minimal compressibility accelerated decrease of film pressure during expansion, reduction of hysteresis area and markedly augmented monolayer collapse rate. Addition of arachidonic acid resulted in decreased minimal compressibility, stability index and hysteresis area. Incubation with the arachidonic acid cyclooxygenase products, prostaglandin E2, I2, F2 alpha or thromboxane B2, with soybean lipoxygenase or with H2O2 and O2-exposure caused only moderate or no alteration of surfactant behaviour in vitro. CONCLUSION: oxidative stress, but not arachidonic acid oxygenation products, provoked altered surface tension behaviour of natural surfactant in vitro. PMID- 3924110 TI - Effect of high-density lipoproteins with varying ratios of apolipoprotein A-I to apolipoprotein A-II on steroidogenesis by cultured rat ovary granulosa cells. AB - Plasma high-density lipoproteins (HDL) can provide rat ovary steroidogenic tissue with cholesterol for steroid hormone production, but the mechanism of cholesterol transfer is unknown. To test the importance of apolipoprotein A-I (the major HDL apolipoprotein) in HDL-cell interactions, we examined the ability of canine-human HDL hybrids containing various proportions of canine apolipoprotein A-I and human apolipoprotein A-II to stimulate steroidogenesis by cultured rat ovary granulosa cells. We observed that as the apolipoprotein A-II to apolipoprotein A-II ratio decreased, the ability of the hybrid particles to stimulate granulosa cell progestin (progesterone and 20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone) production diminished. However, granulosa cell progestin (progesterone and 20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone) production diminished. However, apolipoprotein A-I was not necessary for cholesterol transfer, since hybrids with less than 5% of their total apolipoprotein mass as apolipoprotein A-I stimulated progestin production 30% as effectively as canine HDL, which contained essentially only apolipoprotein A-I. These data indicate that the delivery of cholesterol from HDL into the rat ovary cell for steroidogenesis is not strictly dependent on the presence of a specific HDL apolipoprotein. PMID- 3924111 TI - The CMP-stimulated production of diacylglycerol and CDPdiacylglycerol in neuronal nuclei labelled with radioactive arachidonate. AB - A neuronal nuclear fraction (N1), isolated from immature rabbit cerebral cortex, was preincubated with [3H]arachidonate, ATP, CoA, Mg2+ and 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3 phosphocholine or 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoinositol. Using the former lysophospholipid, a sizeable incorporation of radioactivity was seen in N1 phosphatidylcholine. In subsequent incubations in the presence of CMP and EGTA, there was a generation of radioactive diacylglycerol in N1 and a corresponding decline in phosphatidylcholine radioactivity. Both these changes could be blocked by the addition of CDPcholine. In incubations using N1 phosphatidylinositol or phosphatidylethanolamine prelabelled with [3H]arachidonate, no evidence was found to support a direct generation of diacylglycerol from these phospholipids. The back reaction of cholinephosphotransferase in N1 is likely the principal source of diacylglycerols bearing arachidonate. Using either lysophospholipid in the preincubations described in the opening sentence, more than half of the incorporated radioactivity derived from [3H]arachidonate was found in N1 phosphatidylinositol. In subsequent incubations with EGTA and CMP there was a production of radioactive CDPdiacylglycerol and a decline in radioactive phosphatidylinositol. Both events could be blocked by the presence of myo inositol. Radioactive CDPdiacylglycerol, produced in N1 in the presence of CMP and EGTA, was converted back into phosphatidylinositol by the addition of myo inositol. The production of CDPdiacylglycerol is likely the result of the back reaction of CDPdiacylglycerol:inositol phosphatidate transferase in N1. PMID- 3924112 TI - Interference of some flavonoids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with oxidative metabolism of arachidonic acid by human platelets and neutrophils. AB - The effect of ten flavonoids was studied on the stimulation of washed human platelets by either arachidonic acid or thrombin. The oxygenated metabolites released were analyzed by radioimmunoassay, glass-capillary-column gas chromatography and high-pressure liquid chromatography. No effect was evidenced for naringenin, rutinose and phloridzin up to 1000 microM. Thromboxane B2 and 12 hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid production was depressed simultaneously by all other compounds at different IC50. When tested for their effect on reversibility, however, cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase inhibition was found to be different depending upon the flavonoid used. All compounds, except morin and rutin, inhibited platelet aggregation and [14C]serotonin release with parallel inhibition of thromboxane synthesis when tested on arachidonic acid-induced platelet-rich plasma stimulation. Some flavonoids inhibited the metabolism of human neutrophils stimulated by ionophore A23187 as assessed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Our results show that flavonoids interfere with the different oxidative metabolisms of arachidonic acid. No clearcut specificity could be found between one compound and one metabolic pathway. PMID- 3924113 TI - Measurement of arachidonic acid liberation in thrombin-stimulated human platelets. Use of agents that inhibit both the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase enzymes. AB - The formation of radiolabelled oxygenated products of arachidonic acid in thrombin-stimulated, [3H]arachidonic acid-prelabelled human platelets is inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner by BW 755C (3-amino-1-[m (trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2-pyrazoline) or propyl gallate, both of which are combined inhibitors of lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase. These compounds do not inhibit the thrombin-induced decrease in the radioactivity of platelet phospholipids but, instead, allow the accumulation of free radiolabelled arachidonic acid. Thrombin causes an increase in the levels of free, endogenous palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic and arachidonic acids of up to 10 nmol/10(9) platelets. In the presence of BW 755C or propyl gallate, further increases in the level of free arachidonic acid, of 20-50 nmol/10(9) platelets, occur. The enzyme inhibitors do not affect the accumulation of the other free fatty acids. The increase in arachidonic acid is optimal at 1 U/ml thrombin and 60% complete by 1 min at 37 degrees C. In the platelets from eight donors, the average increases in free fatty acids (in nmol/10(9) platelets) induced by 5 U/ml thrombin in 5 min at 37 degrees C in the presence of 100 microM BW 755C were 1 for linoleic acid, 3.6 for oleic acid, 4.5 for palmitic acid, 7.6 for stearic acid and 32.0 for arachidonic acid. PMID- 3924114 TI - Role of fatty acid structure in the reversible activation of phosphatidylcholine synthesis in lymphocytes. AB - Fatty acids rapidly accelerate (1.5-7.0-fold) the incorporation of [methyl 3H]choline chloride into the phosphatidylcholine fraction of bovine lymphocyte lipids. This ability of fatty acids to activate choline phospholipid synthesis has been correlated with certain structural features of fatty acids. Mono- and polyenoic unsaturated fatty acids of 18 and 20 carbons in length are highly active, whereas their saturated analogues are nearly inactive. Among the unsaturated fatty acids, the cis-isomers are active, while the trans-isomers are relatively ineffective. The delayed addition of bovine serum albumin (5 mg/ml) and other lipid-binding proteins to activated cells rapidly counteracts the lipid effects. The activated state of the cell membrane thus appears to be a dynamic one, requiring the continued interaction of the fatty acid with a lipid-sensitive target molecule of the cell surface that in turn appears to coordinate the enzymatic components of this pathway. PMID- 3924115 TI - Interrelationships among human aldo-keto reductases: immunochemical, kinetic and structural properties. AB - We have proposed earlier a three gene loci model to explain the expression of the aldo-keto reductases in human tissues. According to this model, aldose reductase is a monomer of alpha subunits, aldehyde reductase I is a dimer of alpha, beta subunits, and aldehyde reductase II is a monomer of delta subunits. Using immunoaffinity methods, we have isolated the subunits of aldehyde reductase I (alpha and beta) and characterized them by immunocompetition studies. It is observed that the two subunits of aldehyde reductase I are weakly held together in the holoenzyme and can be dissociated under high ionic conditions. Aldose reductase (alpha subunits) was generated from human placenta and liver aldehyde reductase I by ammonium sulfate (80% saturation). The kinetic, structural and immunological properties of the generated aldose reductase are similar to the aldose reductase obtained from the human erythrocytes and bovine lens. The main characteristic of the generated enzyme is the requirement of Li2SO4 (0.4 M) for the expression of maximum enzyme activity, and its Km for glucose is less than 50 mM, whereas the parent enzyme, aldehyde reductase I, is completely inhibited by 0.4 M Li2SO4 and its Km for glucose is more than 200 mM. The beta subunits of aldehyde reductase I did not have enzyme activity but cross-reacted with anti aldehyde reductase I antiserum. The beta subunits hybridized with the alpha subunits of placenta aldehyde reductase I, and aldose reductase purified from human brain and bovine lens. The hybridized enzyme had the characteristic properties of placenta aldehyde reductase I. PMID- 3924116 TI - Detection of NAD:arginine ADPribosyltransferases in animal tissues using 125I labeled 1-(p-hydroxyphenyl) 2-guanidinoethane as ADPribose acceptor. AB - 125I-labeled 1-(p-hydroxyphenyl) 2-guanidinoethane (N-guanyltyramine), previously used to assay for the bacterial toxin choleragen (Mekalanos, J.J., Collier, R.J. and Romig, W.R. (1979) J. Biol. Chem. 254, 5849-5854) was utilized to identify NAD:arginine ADPribosyltransferases in animal tissues. The use of this radiolabelled ADPribose acceptor, rather than radiolabelled NAD, would bypass the problem posed by the almost ubiquitous presence of enzymes that degrade NAD. With a homogeneous ADPribosyltransferase from turkey erythrocytes, NAD and 125I labeled guanyltyramine as ADPribose acceptor, formation of ADPribosyl 125I guanyltyramine was linear with time and enzyme concentration. The product was indistinguishable on both thin-layer and high-performance liquid chromatography from that formed by choleragen. Using 125I-guanyltyramine, ADPribosyltransferase activity was also demonstrated in crude turkey erythrocyte cytosolic and membrane fractions. When rat liver was fractionated, apparent activity was detected primarily in the microsomes. The NAD-dependent product of the microsomal reaction was, however, distinguished from the turkey erythrocyte transferase product by thin-layer and DEAE-Sephadex chromatography; this product had a retention time identical to that of free 125I on high-performance liquid chromatography. In addition to NAD, the microsomal deiodinase activity was supported by NADH, NADP and NADPH. Phenyl boronate selectively bound ADPribosyl 125I-guanyltyramine and other metabolites of 125I-guanyltyramine which were formed by microsomes in a NAD dependent process. These metabolites were distinguished from ADPribosyl 125I guanyltyramine by high-performance liquid chromatography. These results indicate that in some cases, for example, turkey erythrocyte cytosolic and membrane fractions, 125I-guanyltyramine can be used to quantify ADPribosyltransferases in crude mixtures, whereas in others, for example, rat liver microsomes, high performance liquid chromatographic analysis must be used to identify products. PMID- 3924117 TI - Regulation of 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3 production by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3 and synthetic human parathyroid hormone fragment 1-34 in a cloned monkey kidney cell line (JTC-12). AB - Regulation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D-3 24-hydroxylase by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3 and synthetic human parathyroid hormone fragment 1-34 (PTH1-34) was investigated using a cloned monkey kidney cell line, JTC-12. Treatment of the cells with 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D-3 markedly enhanced the conversion of [3H]-25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 into a more polar metabolite. The metabolite was identified as 24,25 dihydroxyvitamin D-3 by normal phase and reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography and periodate oxidation. The 24-hydroxylase activity appeared to follow Michaelis-Menten kinetics, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3 treatment increased the Vmax of 24-hydroxylase from 33 to 95 pmol/h per 10(6) cells without affecting the apparent Km value of the enzyme (220 nM in control vs. 205 nM in 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3 treated cells). The enzyme activity reached a maximum between 4 and 8 h of treatment with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3. The dose of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D-3 required to cause a half-maximal stimulation was about 3 X 10(-10) M. The 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3-induced increase in 24-hydroxylase was almost completely inhibited by the presence of 1 microM cycloheximide. Treatment of the cells with PTH1-34 caused a dose-dependent increase in cyclic AMP production. Half-maximal stimulation of cyclic AMP production was obtained at about 5 X 10(-9) M PTH1-34. When 2.4 X 10(-9) M PTH1-34 was added after 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D-3 treatment, the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3-stimulated 24 hydroxylase was inhibited to 70.7 +/- 2.9% of control. Higher concentrations of PTH1-34 caused less inhibition of the enzyme activity. When cyclic AMP was added instead of PTH1-34, the enzyme activity was also suppressed significantly. These results indicate that, in JTC-12 cells, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3 stimulates 24 hydroxylase in a dose- and time-dependent manner by increasing the Vmax of the enzyme through a mechanism dependent upon new protein synthesis, and suggest that PTH1-34 inhibits the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3-induced stimulation of 24 hydroxylase through its effect on cyclic AMP production. PMID- 3924118 TI - Human platelet adenylate cyclase: persistent binding of guanine nucleotide is central to the regulation of both hormone-stimulated and basal activities. AB - Prostaglandin E1 stimulation of human platelet adenylate cyclase, in purified plasma membranes, occurs without the addition of exogenous GTP. Possible contamination of the adenylate cyclase assay mixture by GTP either from nonspecifically bound nucleotide in the plasma membrane or from the substrate ATP was ruled out as follows: (a) variation of the membrane concentration, repeated washing, inclusion of EDTA, GDP beta S, or GMP in the wash step, or UDP in the assay, are all without effect, and (b) analysis of the substrate by high performance liquid chromatography revealed no contaminating GTP. Other prostaglandins (I2, E2, D2) also activate cyclase without the addition of GTP. In sharp contrast, stimulation of adenylate cyclase in the human neutrophil plasma membrane by prostaglandin E1 shows an obligatory requirement for GTP, under identical assay conditions. GDP beta S pretreatment amplifies the fold cyclase stimulation by GTP in the presence and absence of prostaglandin E1, by lowering the basal activity. This alteration occurs without lowering the GTP-independent prostaglandin E1 activation, and is specific for inhibitory guanine nucleotides (GDP beta S, GMP, GDP) in the pretreatment. Extensive washing with buffer or incubation with other nucleotides, epinephrine, or prostaglandin E1 prior to the assay, is without effect. GTP gamma S treatment of the membrane induces a high activity state and abolishes the GDP beta S effect on basal activity as well as prostaglandin E1 activation of cyclase. The results suggest distinct patterns of prostaglandin stimulation in platelet and neutrophil cyclase systems, and further imply that guanine nucleotide, prebound to specific sites within the GTP regulatory proteins, may modify the kinetic characteristics of platelet adenylate cyclase. PMID- 3924119 TI - Inhibition of gluconeogenesis by 2,5-anhydro-D-mannitol in isolated rat hepatocytes. AB - 2,5-Anhydro-D-mannitol inhibited glucose synthesis, increased the pyruvate/phosphoenolpyruvate ratio and altered adenine nucleotide concentrations in hepatocytes isolated from fasted rats. The accumulations of 2,5-anhydro-D mannitol 1,6-diphosphate, an allosteric activator of pyruvate kinase, and of ADP in treated hepatocytes can account for the increase in pyruvate/phosphoenolpyruvate ratio and the inhibition of glucose synthesis from lactate. PMID- 3924120 TI - Modulation of lyso-platelet-activating factor: acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase from rat splenic microsomes. The role of calcium ions. AB - The enzyme lyso-platelet-activating factor: acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.67) was assayed in microsomal fractions from rat spleens. The addition of micromolar Ca2+ rapidly enhanced acetyltransferase activity and this activation was reversed by the addition of EGTA in excess of Ca2+. The effect of Ca2+ was on the apparent Km of the enzyme for the substrate acetyl-CoA without showing any significant effect on the Vmax of the acetylation reaction. When microsomes were isolated in the presence of 5 mM EGTA, to remove endogenous calmodulin, the same enhancing effect of Ca2+ on the acetylation reaction was observed. The addition of exogenous calmodulin to this preparation had no effect on the enzyme activity. Preincubation of spleen microsomes with the calmodulin inhibitor trifluoperazine decreased acetyltransferase in both the presence and the absence of Ca2+, indicating an effect of this drug independently of calmodulin. The addition of Mg ATP to the assay mixture also had no effect on the acetylation reaction. These data suggest that Ca2+ modulates acetyltransferase activity from rat spleen microsomes by a mechanism that seems to be independent of calmodulin or protein phosphorylation. PMID- 3924122 TI - Alterations of lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase activity during Plasmodium chabaudi rodent malaria. AB - In non fatal and synchronous P. chabaudi rodent malaria, we observed at the stage of parasitaemia peak, an alteration (50 % decrease) in LCAT activity. This decrease could be related partly to hepatic dysfunction, and mainly to circulating inhibitors released into blood from parasitized red blood cells at each end of a schizogonic cycle. This decrease in LCAT activity, at this step of the infection, accounts for part of the dyslipoproteinemia previously observed (i.e., increase in cholesterol and phospholipids into VLDL-LDL and decrease in the EC series and delayed conversion of Tg-rich lipoproteins into LDL-HDL. At a prepatent step of infection and after the parasitaemia peak, the alterations observed in LCAT activity, (respectively, increase and then decrease), would be related to similar changes in levels of cholesterol of HDL associated to complex changes in triacylglyceride transport and metabolism. PMID- 3924121 TI - Studies on the mechanism by which melittin stimulates insulin secretion from isolated rat islets of Langerhans. AB - Incubation of isolated rat islets of Langerhans with melittin resulted in a dose dependent stimulation of insulin secretion with half the maximal response occurring at 4 micrograms/ml melittin. The effect of melittin on insulin secretion was dependent on extracellular calcium, was inhibited by the phospholipase A2 inhibitor quinacrine and by the lipoxygenase inhibitor nordihydroguaiaretic acid. Stimulation of insulin secretion by melittin was associated with a calcium-dependent loss of [3H]arachidonic acid from phospholipids in islet cells prelabelled with [3H]arachidonic acid. Analysis of the islet phospholipids involved in this response revealed that the [3H]arachidonic acid was released predominantly from phosphatidylcholine. These results suggest that melittin may stimulate insulin secretion by activating phospholipase A2 in islet cells, causing the release of arachidonic acid from membrane phospholipid. The results are consistent with suggestions that the subsequent metabolism of arachidonic acid via the lipoxygenase pathway may be involved in regulating the insulin secretory response. PMID- 3924124 TI - [Properties of human chorion neuraminidase]. AB - Some properties of human chorion neuraminidase were studied. Using n-butanol, a solubilized preparation of neuraminidase with specific activity considerably exceeding the initial activity of the chorion homogenate was obtained. The pH dependence and substrate specificity of the enzyme towards low molecular weight (sialylglycolipids and sialylglycoproteins) native substrates were examined. These properties of solubilized neuraminidase from human chorion were found to be similar to those of the lysosomal enzyme from other animal tissues. The results abtained are consistent with the properties of neuraminidase from native chorion and amniotic fluid cell cultures. Based on the substrate specificity of the solubilized enzyme, it was found that chorion biopsy specimens could be used for prenatal diagnosing of sialidoses and mucolipidoses IV. Some properties of solubilized human chorion beta-galacotosidase were studied. PMID- 3924123 TI - [Free RNA-binding cytoplasmic proteins are detected in a labile association with polyribosomes]. AB - A special fraction of RNA-binding proteins with a non-specific affinity for RNA is present in the extracts of eukaryotic cells. Earlier these proteins were considered exclusively as a pool of free informosomal proteins. It has been shown that a significant part (about 1/3) of RNA-binding proteins is found in labile association with mono- and polyribosome mass, respectively. The labile-associated proteins dissociate from the complex with mono- and polyribosomes with an increase in the ionic RNA-binding proteins bind to particles due to the non specific affinity for the exposed part of RNA of mono- and polyribosomes. The decrease of the ionic strength leads to the stabilization of the RNA-binding proteins-polyribosomes complexes and enables purification of these complexes. A direct comparison by the O'Farrell two-dimensional analysis has shown that practically all the proteins that are labile-associated with polyribosomes are present within the preparation of free RNA-binding proteins. PMID- 3924125 TI - [Effect of calmodulin blockers on membrane potential, potassium permeability and lymphocyte mitogenesis]. AB - The effects of calmodulin antagonists--trifluoperazine and chlorpromazine--on the membrane potential, K+ efflux and mitogenic response of rat thymocytes and human peripheral blood lymphocytes were investigated. Phenothiazines were found to produce depolarization in both types of lymphocytes even when taken at micromolar concentrations. This effect was not caused by the inhibition of the Na+,K+-pump or by a decrease in K+ permeability of the lymphocyte membrane. The depolarization diminished in a low Na+ medium or in the presence of amiloride, an inhibitor of Na+/H+ exchange. The results obtained suggest that calmodulin is involved in the maintenance of the low level of Na+ permeability in resting lymphocytes. In thymocytes, trifluoperazine and chlorpromazine do not inhibit K+ efflux induced by A23187, hence calmodulin does not participate in the regulation of Ca2+-dependent K+-channels in these cells. Trifluoperazine (10 microM) strongly blocks the mitogenic response of blood lymphocytes. Thus, the calmodulin antagonists inhibit the mitogen-induced activation of lymphocytes. PMID- 3924126 TI - [Distribution of microorganisms lysing Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus in the system of sewage waters]. AB - The regularities of lytic microorganisms distribution in domestic sewage have been studied. A reproduction of mesophilic gram-negative bacteria producing lytic substances against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus has been shown to take place at mechanical cleaning stages. In the primary sediment trap the number and the relative content of microorganisms lysing P. aeruginosa at mean temperature and the number of microorganisms lysing S. aureus are maximum. The number of gram-positive sporogenous bacteria lysing P. aeruginosa under conditions close to thermophilic does not change considerably till the secondary sediment trap and remains comparatively high. Certain stages of purification can be regarded as a source of microorganisms producing lytic substances. PMID- 3924127 TI - Endocrine activity in preterm and full-term lambs. 1. Adrenal response to synacthen. 2. Thyroid response to ovine thyroid-stimulating hormone or thyrotropin-releasing hormone. AB - Neonatal endocrine status was studied in 14 lambs born 7 days before term, after estrogen injection into the ewes, and in 15 full-term animals. Plasma cortisol and triiodothyronine (T3) levels were depressed during the first hours of life in preterm lambs and plasma reverse T3 levels were significantly higher than in controls. The rise in plasma cortisol levels after Synacthen injection was significantly lowered by prematurity, suggesting reduced sensitivity of the adrenal cortex to ACTH. After ovine TSH injection, plasma thyroxine (T4) levels increased during a shorter period of time in preterm lambs, resulting in a lowered T4 rise; the T3 response was not affected by prematurity. After TRH injection, the rises in plasma T3 and T4 levels were significantly higher in preterm than in full-term lambs, suggesting a pituitary hypersensitivity to TRH linked to prematurity. Moreover it appeared that the response of reverse T3 to TSH or TRH was very weak. PMID- 3924128 TI - Alteration of arterial gas composition by positive pressure ventilation in the unanesthetized fetal lamb in utero. AB - To study the effectiveness of in utero ventilation in altering fetal arterial gas composition, we ventilated 15 near-term fetal lambs with a range of inspired gas mixtures. To accomplish this, double lumen nasogastric tubes were surgically placed in the tracheas of 15 near-term (135 days' gestation) fetal lambs. After 4 +/- 1 SD postoperative days, the fetuses were respired by positive pressure ventilation. 13 of these fetuses were also ventilated with their umbilical cords completely occluded. Ventilation was maintained for an average of 4.5 h (range 2.5-7.5 h). All 15 fetuses were effectively oxygenated on room air when exposed to a small net positive end expiratory pressure. In fetuses with intact umbilical cords, PaO2 could be maintained at levels between 11 and 280 mm Hg and PaCO2 from 36 to 139 mm Hg by altering the inspired O2 and CO2 with a gas mixing device. During umbilical cord occlusion, PaO2 was regulated from 2.2 to 103 mm Hg and PaCO2 from 37 to 187 mm Hg. PMID- 3924129 TI - Dose-dependent inhibition of the preovulatory surges of gonadotropins and prolactin by the antiestrogen CI-628: possible sites of action. AB - The present series of experiments was conducted in an attempt to correlate previously reported dose-dependent and site-selective inhibitory effects of an antiestrogen, CI-628, on 17 beta-estradiol (E2)-receptor interactions in the anterior pituitary gland (AP) and hypothalamus with its effects on the preovulatory surges of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and prolactin. The effects of CI-628 on the response of the AP to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) also were examined. In the first study, rats exhibiting 4-day estrous cycles were injected with various doses (0.02, 0.20, 2.0, and 20 mg/kg) of CI-628 or vehicle at 0900 h on diestrus-2 and proestrus. The preovulatory LH surge and both preovulatory and secondary FSH surges were marginally affected by 0.02 mg/kg CI-628, but were completely abolished by higher doses. In contrast, a dose of 0.20 mg/kg only delayed the prolactin surge; however, higher doses were effective in extinguishing cyclic prolactin release. In a second experiment, CI-628 in rats treated on diestrus-2 and proestrus exerted a dose-dependent suppression of the AP LH response to an initial injection of LHRH on proestrous afternoon in rats whose endogenous LH surges were blocked by phenobarbital. However, AP LH responses to a second LHRH injection to assess the self-priming capacity of LHRH were attenuated only in rats given 0.20, 2.0, and 20 mg/kg CI-628. Contrastingly, the AP prolactin response to TRH was suppressed only in rats given 0.20 mg/kg CI 628.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3924130 TI - Evidence that the anterior hypothalamus contributes to the control of tonic secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone in the female rat. AB - A horizontal knife cut was placed between the dorsal anterior hypothalamic area (DAHA) and the medial basal hypothalamus to examine the role of the DAHA in the selective secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) following unilateral ovariectomy (ULO) and bilateral ovariectomy of the rat. Complete cuts markedly attenuated the increase in FSH observed 8 h after ULO, whereas incomplete or sham cuts did not. Concentration of luteinizing hormone (LH) did not increase in any group. These cuts also blocked the prolongation of estrous FSH secretion observed in long-term hemicastrated rats, since FSH levels on estrus were significantly lower in rats with complete cuts than in those rats given sham or incomplete cuts. In contrast, neural surgery had no effect on proestrous FSH concentrations. Finally, when FSH levels were monitored 2 days after bilateral ovariectomy, the postcastration rise in FSH was not altered by any neurosurgical procedures. These results support the hypothesis that a neural system originating in, or passing through, the DAHA is necessary for the selective increase in FSH following ULO. PMID- 3924131 TI - Role of decreased numbers of follicles on reproductive performance in young and aged rats. AB - The primary objectives of this study were to: 1) determine if removal of 1.5 ovaries from young rats would mimic reproductive characteristics that normally occur with advancing age and 2) determine if removal of 1.5 ovaries from aged rats would further advance the process of reproductive aging. Removal of 1.5 ovaries increased the number of young (P less than 0.05) and old (P less than 0.01) rats that exhibited abnormal estrous cycles. In addition, concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were higher at both ages in the groups with half an ovary. The increased concentrations of FSH are consistent with a decrease in the number of growing follicles after removal of 1.5 ovaries. All groups had lower concentrations of estradiol (E2) than young controls. There was a significant increase in the number of abnormal embryos with age and removal of 1.5 ovaries when rats were mated during a 5-day estrous cycle, but there was no effect if they were mated during a 4-day estrous cycle. From the results of this study, we conclude that the reduction in ovarian tissue in young and aged rats mimicked several reproductive characteristics of advancing age. Also, an effect of aging on the hypothalamus was evident in this study. PMID- 3924132 TI - Selective release of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone by 5 alpha-dihydroprogesterone and 3 alpha, 5 alpha-tetrahydroprogesterone in pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin-primed immature rats exposed to constant light. AB - The effects of 5 alpha-dihydroprogesterone (5 alpha-DHP) and 3 alpha, 5 alpha tetrahydroprogesterone (3 alpha, 5 alpha-THP) on follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) release were examined in the pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin (PMSG)-primed immature female rat (8 IU PMSG at 28 days of age) maintained in constant light. Control rats kept in 14L:10D conditions exhibited proestrous-like surges of LH and FSH release with peak levels attained at 1800 h on the second day after PMSG treatment. In rats exposed to constant light, the PMSG-induced surges of LH and FSH were not only delayed until 1000 h on the third day after PMSG, resulting in a delay in ovulation, but were also significantly attenuated when compared to the gonadotropin surges that occurred on Day 2 in rats kept under normal light-dark conditions. The administration of 5 alpha-DHP significantly enhanced the release of FSH at 1000 h on Day 3 when compared to constant light-exposed controls, but had no effect on LH. Treatment with 3 alpha, 5 alpha-THP selectively potentiated the release of LH at 1000 h on Day 3 and had an attenuating effect on FSH release on Days 2 and 3. These observations confirm earlier findings in the immature ovariectomized estrogen primed rat and suggest that 5 alpha-DHP and 3 alpha, 5 alpha-THP may have significant roles in the regulation of FSH and LH secretion. PMID- 3924133 TI - Hormone-stimulable adenylyl cyclase and steroid concentration of follicles of the pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin-treated hen. AB - Pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin (PMSG) treatment of the hen disrupts the follicular hierarchy and causes cessation of ovulation. We measured serum progesterone (P4) and estradiol (E2) concentrations and follicular steroid levels and adenylyl cyclase (AC) activity of PMSG-treated hens. Serum P4 and E2 levels were elevated (P less than 0.01 and P less than 0.05, respectively) in PMSG treated hens compared to controls. There was no significant difference in P4 and E2 concentrations in granulosa and theca layers, respectively, between follicles from PMSG-treated hens and the largest (F1) follicles from control hens. Basal, luteinizing hormone (LH)-, and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)-stimulable AC activity was measured in granulosa layers of the largest follicles from PMSG treated hens and the F1 and second largest (F2) follicles from control hens. Basal AC activity was increased in follicles from PMSG-treated hens (P less than 0.05) compared to F1 control follicles. There was no difference in LH- and FSH stimulable AC of PMSG-treated hens compared to F1 controls. Control F2 follicles had lower LH- (P less than 0.001) and FSH-stimulable (P less than 0.005) AC activity than follicles from control F1 or PMSG-treated hens. Relative LH- and FSH-stimulable AC (hormone stimulable vs. basal) for follicles from PMSG-treated hens did not differ statistically from the relative AC activity of vehicle injected F1 or F2 follicles. Therefore, in spite of the high serum P4 and E2 levels in the PMSG-treated hens, there was no change in the hormone-stimulable AC system.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3924134 TI - Differential effects of the perinatal steroid environment on three sexually dimorphic parameters of the rat brain. AB - Gonadectomy of male rats was performed at 0, 6-7 (6h), 12-13 (12h), or 24 h postnatally in order to examine the influence of testosterone exposure on sexual differentiation of the brain. The indices examined were: the volume of the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area (SDN-POA) and luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) titers following estradiol benzoate (EB) and progesterone (P) administration. Control animals were sham-operated at 0 h and gonadectomized at 29 days of age (sham). A decrease in the percentage of males with elevated plasma LH levels following P was found with increasing delay before gonadectomy. Significant (P less than 0.001) differences existed in the amplitude of plasma LH titers 5 h following P administration between sham, 0 h, and 6 h groups. Follicle-stimulating hormone was also elevated in all neonatally gonadectomized male groups following P administration, but there was no difference between the groups. Volume of the SDN-POA was significantly (P less than 0.001) smaller in all gonadectomized males when compared to that of sham operated males, but no differences existed between males gonadectomized at the different hours postpartum. In female rats gonadectomized at 0 h (F0h), LH levels were elevated 5 h following P, but only to a magnitude of 36% of that of sham operated controls (P less than 0.001). Volume of the SDN-POA of the F0h group was significantly reduced (P less than 0.05) when compared to that of sham females. Thus, in males, the presence of the tests prenatally may be responsible for the initiation of masculinization of LH release mechanisms and the SDN-POA, but both require further androgen exposure for their completion. In addition, the LH and FSH regulating systems show a differential sensitivity to the steroid hormone environment during development that shapes the animal's response to steroid as an adult. PMID- 3924135 TI - In vitro responses of luteinizing rat granulosa cells to human thyroid stimulating hormone. AB - The effect of human thyroid-stimulating hormone (hTSH) on progesterone (P4) secretion during initial luteinization and subsequent prolactin (Prl)-mediated steroidogenesis by cultured rat granulosa cells was studied. Granulosa cells, obtained from pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin (PMSG)-treated immature female rats, were preincubated for 1, 3, 6, 12, or 24 h in control medium lacking added hormones or in medium containing 1.0 microgram/ml human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) or hTSH, and maintained subsequently for 6 days in medium containing 1.0 microgram/ml bovine (bPrl). Indices of luteotropic stimulation were provided by: 1) elevated P4 concentrations determined by radioimmunoassay of spent media samples; and 2) cytoplasmic lipid accumulation assessed by osmium tetroxide staining following fixation after 7 days of culture. Progesterone levels in media from cultures exposed to hCG for 24 h were twofold higher than control cultures, whereas those in media from cultures preincubated in hTSH for 24 h were fourfold higher than control levels. Cultures preincubated in 1.0 microgram/ml hCG for as little as 1 h and then maintained for 6 days in Prl secreted significantly more P4 than did control cultures also maintained with Prl for 6 days. Cultures preincubated in hTSH required a 24-h exposure before a significant increase in Prl-mediated P4 secretion was observed. Intensity of cytoplasmic osmiophilia correlated directly with P4 concentration. These results suggest that: 1) hTSH has the ability to promote P4 secretion during initial luteinization and to regulate subsequent Prl-mediated steroidogenesis by cultured rat granulosa cells; and 2) the mechanism by which hTSH stimulates Prl-mediated P4 secretion in this model system may differ from that of hCG. PMID- 3924136 TI - [The hippocampus as the determinant structure generating epileptic activity during korazol kindling]. AB - It has been shown in chronic experiments on rats that two periods of EEG and behavioral alterations may be distinguished during korazol kindling. The bursts of slow waves and spike-wave activity appear on the EEG during the first period as response to subthreshold doses of korazol, which is accompanied behaviorally by standing and myoclonuses. The second period is characterized by the appearance of high-frequency polymorphous generalized seizure discharges on the EEG accompanied by clonicotonic seizures. Interictal and ictal epileptic discharges appear primarily in the hippocamp and then in other brain structures during the development of korazol kindling. The conclusion is made that the hippocamp plays the role of a pathological determinant structure in the development of chronic brain epileptization during korazol kindling. PMID- 3924137 TI - [influence of Ca channel blockers on the positive inotropic effect of ionophore A23187 in the myocardium]. AB - Calcium ionophore A23187 (10(-5) M) increases the force of contraction of the frog atrium up to 27 + 4.8%. The calcium antagonists d-600 (5 X 10- M), Zn2+ (2 X 10(-5) M), Mn2+ (2 X 10(-4) M) decrease the force of contraction 50, 10 and 20%, respectively, and inhibit the positive inotropic effect of ionophore A23187. Inhibition of the ionophore effect by the blockers is determined by the ability of D-600, Zn2+ and Mn2+ to form complexes with the ionophore. Besides, the affinity of these blockers to the ionophore is higher than that of Ca2+. It is assumed that Zn2+, Mn2+ and D-600 possess higher affinity to ionophore A23187 as compared with myocardial Ca-channels. Fenigidin interacts with Ca-channels to a larger degree than with ionophore A23187. PMID- 3924138 TI - [Reaction of the biologically active points of the skin to immunization with typhus vaccine]. AB - Electroacupuncture diagnosis was used to demonstrate the reaction of biologically active points of the skin (BAPS) to immunization with typhus vaccine. In 7 persons immunized with chemical and live (strain E) typhus vaccines, the reaction differed significantly from the initial parameters and other measurement data obtained in a group of unvaccinated subjects. The reaction of the BAPS was noticeable starting from the first day after vaccination and was far ahead of seroimmune shifts detectable in the host. The best correlation was established between the seroimmune response and the activity of the acupuncture points on meridians X and I (a positive correlation) and on meridians III, VIII and XI (a negative correlation). PMID- 3924139 TI - [Mechanism of the antimutagenic action of interferon: the capacity to protect the human cellular repair system]. AB - It has been shown that premutagenic treatment with leukocytic interferon (10, 100 IU/ml) of human peripheral blood lymphocytes cultivated in vitro at the G1-stage of the mitotic cycle results in different cell response to gamma-radiation in doses of 0.5, 1, 2, 4 Gy according to chromosome aberration. The antimutagenic effect failed to be attained with the doses 0.5 and 1 Gy, being maximal at the dose 2 Gy. According to sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) cell pretreatment with interferon leads to a reduction in the effect of gamma-radiation at the dose 2 Gy to the level obtained in the cells after exposure to interferon. In experiments with 4-nitroquinoline-I-oxide, there was a significant decrease in the number of SCE in interferon-treated cells. PMID- 3924140 TI - Near-normal circulatory survival of rabbit red cells exposed to high levels of Ca and ionophore in vitro. AB - The belief is widely held, on the basis of indirect evidence, that a substantial, even brief elevation of red cell Ca content must result in a marked shortening of circulatory survival. To test this notion directly, we exposed rabbit red cells in vitro to the ionophore A23187 and Ca so as to produce sustained uniform cell Ca levels of 40 to 360 mumol/L cells for one to 60 minutes, and compared the survival of the Ca-loaded cells in vivo with that of ionophore-treated controls, simultaneously, in the same rabbits. Despite marked reductions in cell adenosine triphosphate and dehydration of the Ca-exposed cells prior to reinfusion, the majority of cells, all of which had experienced these high cytoplasmic Ca levels, showed normal or near-normal survival in the circulation. PMID- 3924141 TI - Modulation of thrombin-mediated activation of factor VIII:C by calcium ions, phospholipid, and platelets. AB - The activation of factor VIII:C by thrombin appears to be an important prerequisite for the function of factor VIII:C as a cofactor in factor X activation in coagulation. The possible modulation of factor VIII:C activation by potential cofactors such as calcium ions, phospholipid, and platelets was studied systematically. Factor VIII:C activation could not be studied in the complete absence of Ca2+, since factor VIII:C activity decayed rapidly in calcium-free buffers, EDTA, or ethylene glycol tetra-acetic acid (EGTA), with only partial or no recovery of activity after readdition of Ca2+, Mn2+, or Mg2+. Added calcium chloride at 1.25, 2.5, 4, 10, 50, and 200 mmol/L produced progressive inhibition of factor VIII:C activation, with complete inhibition achieved by 50 mmol/L. Crude phospholipid preparations gave varying results, while purified phospholipids either had no effect or inhibited activation. This paper reports the new finding that fresh washed human platelets markedly potentiated factor VIII:C activation by a low concentration of thrombin (0.02 U/mL), even with prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) or dibutyryl cyclic AMP (cAMP) added to the washed platelets. However, the activity of platelets in factor VIII:C activation was inhibited by inclusion of PGE1 or dibutyryl cAMP during platelet washing, and ionophore A23187 increased this platelet activity; these data suggest that platelet stimulation is involved in the development of this activity. When platelets were maximally stimulated by thrombin (0.5 U/mL), the external calcium concentration increased 55 to 160 mumol/L, as measured with murexide, supporting the possible modulation of factor VIII:C activation by a transient increase in Ca2+ at the platelet surface. PMID- 3924143 TI - Distinctive lymphocyte subpopulation abnormalities in patients with congenital coagulation disorders who exhibit lymph node enlargement. AB - The majority of patients with congenital clotting disorders who use clotting factor concentrate exhibit lymphocyte subpopulation abnormalities. A subset of these patients develop lymph node enlargement (LNE), part of the spectrum of clinical disease associated with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). It is therefore important to determine if these patients with LNE exhibit specific immune alterations suggestive of early infection with the AIDS agent. We used one- and two-color immunofluorescence to distinguish the lymphocyte subpopulation alterations associated with concentrate use from those associated with LNE. Patients who use concentrate had elevated levels of Leu-2+ (T suppressor phenotype) cells and Leu-7+ (phenotype of some natural killer) cells. These increased levels were largely caused by a dramatic (2.6-fold) increase in the number of lymphocytes co-expressing Leu-2 and Leu-7 (2+7+). A dose-response effect between amount of concentrate infused during the preceding year and level of 2+7+ cells was observed. Concentrate recipients, as a group, also showed increased levels of T cells expressing Dr antigen (T+Dr+ phenotype, characteristic of activated or immature T cells) and cells expressing the T10 antigen (phenotype of some null cells and activated/immature T cells). Patients with LNE showed a further increase in T10+ cells as well as a distinctive decrease in Leu-3+ (T helper phenotype) lymphocytes. All LNE patients exhibited either low Leu-3+ levels, high T10+ levels, or both. Thus, concentrate use was associated with increased levels of Leu-2+ (particularly 2+7+) cells and T+Dr+ cells, whereas LNE was associated with decreased levels of Leu-3+ cells and high levels of T10+ cells. PMID- 3924142 TI - Serial studies of protein C and its plasma inhibitor in patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation. AB - This study was undertaken to determine the levels of protein C antigen and activity and protein C inhibitor in sequential plasma samples of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) patients. Our normal range for both protein C antigen and activity is 70 to 130 U/dL, and protein C inhibitor is 65 to 135 U/dL. A decreased level of protein C activity was found in 96% of the plasma samples from individuals with DIC; the protein C antigen was decreased in 73%. The inhibitor of protein C was decreased in all samples. Analysis of serial samples from patients with DIC reveals that protein C activity and antigen and protein C inhibitor decrease progressively during the initial stages of DIC and remain at a low level for 24 to 48 hours before gradually returning toward normal in nonfatal cases. The protein C activity decreases in parallel with protein C inhibitor and is lower than protein C antigen. In a fatal case of DIC, protein C activity and protein C inhibitor rapidly decreased to undetectable levels; however, protein C antigen was gradually decreasing but still detectable at time of death. In DIC, a discrepancy initially occurs between the activity and antigen of protein C, suggesting a complex with the inhibitor or other inactive forms of protein C. Protein C appears to play a major role in the control of DIC. PMID- 3924144 TI - PAF-acether-induced release of tissue-type plasminogen activator from vessel walls. AB - Platelet-activating factor (PAF-acether; 1-0-octadecyl-2-acetyl-sn-glyceryl-3 phosphorylcholine) induced the release of plasminogen activator in rat, both in vivo and in perfused hind legs. The released plasminogen activator was shown by immunologic and functional criteria to be tissue-type plasminogen activator (t PA). Release of t-PA by PAF-acether could be inhibited by phospholipase inhibitors and by lipoxygenase inhibitors, but not by cyclooxygenase inhibitors. It is suggested that PAF-acether induces the release of t-PA from vascular endothelial cells by the (calcium-dependent) activation of a phospholipase lipoxygenase pathway. PMID- 3924145 TI - [Conservative treatment of tumors of the retina at the Curie Institute. Long-term results of 129 cases treated with Stallard's disk and electrons]. AB - The authors report a retrospective study of 129 children with retinoblastoma treated from 1963 to 1977 at the Institut Curie by enucleation of the worst eye and conservative irradiation of the other eye; this irradiation was performed either with Stallard plaque (19 cases) or with electrons (110 cases). In 8 familial cases, no enucleation has been performed. T.E.M. was used from 1964 to 1973 and iterative photocoagulation since 1968. With a 5 years follow up, 88 children (68%) are living NED, 6 are lost. There was 34 treatment failures (26%) and 1 death from second malignant tumor. At 10 and 15 years, the results are stable despite the occurrence of two other second primary tumors. Irradiation preserved 73/94 (78%) of the irradiated eyes. The technical aspects of the radiotherapy with electrons and both ocular and vital prognostic factors are discussed. PMID- 3924147 TI - Interaction effects of mercury-pesticide combinations towards a cyanobacterium. PMID- 3924146 TI - [Aminoglutethimide-induced dyslipemia. Clinical study]. AB - Plasma levels of cholesterol, HDL cholesterol (HDL chol), LDL cholesterol (LDL chol), triglycerides, Al apoprotein and B apoprotein were studied in 73 patients receiving 500 mg aminoglutethimide (AG)/day and 40 mg hydrocortisone/day for advanced breast cancer. These dosages were done before treatment and then repeated during AG therapy. When all patients were considered together, a significant increase of cholesterol, HDL chol, LDL chol and Al apoprotein was noted. If one considers two groups of patients: group A (where cholesterol and triglycerides plasma levels were normal before treatment) and group B (where cholesterol and/or triglycerides plasma levels were high before treatment), it appears that variations differ in both groups. In group A patients we found an increase in cholesterol, chol LDL, B apoprotein and to a lesser extent Al apoprotein plasma levels. In group B patients there was an increase in cholesterol, HDL chol and Al apoprotein plasma levels. PMID- 3924148 TI - Effect of difference in diet composition on the toxicity of polychlorinated biphenyls. PMID- 3924149 TI - Constant mean airway pressure with different patterns of positive pressure breathing during the adult respiratory distress syndrome. AB - Twenty-one ARDS patients were divided into two groups of severity according to FIO2 and PEEP required to maintain an adequate gas exchange. The 10 most severe patients (group A) underwent continuous positive pressure ventilation (CPPV) (I/E 3:1) with the mean airway pressure maintained at 21 +/- 6.2 cmH2O. The PEEP values were 12.6 +/- 4.3 cmH2O during CPPV and 6.5 +/- 3.7 cmH2O during IRV (p less than 0.01). Eleven less severe ARDS patients (group B) underwent CPPV and positive pressure spontaneous breathing (CPAP) at constant mean airway pressure of 14.3 +/- 3.8 cmH2O. The PEEP was 7 +/- 2.5 cmH2O during CPPV and 14.9 +/- 4.3 cmH2O during CPAP (p less than 0.001). In five patients of each group, the SF6 shunt was measured as representative of true shunt. The results showed that gas exchange, including true shunt, and haemodynamics did not change between CPPV and IRV and between CPPV and CPAP tests. Taken with previous work on mean airway pressure, our results further support the concept that the main determinant of oxygenation and haemodynamics is the mean airway pressure, irrespective of the PEEP level and of the mode of ventilation. PMID- 3924150 TI - The new Maudsley series of temporal lobectomy. I: Short-term cognitive effects. AB - Cognitive effects of temporal lobectomy for the relief of focal seizures were examined in 59 adult cases (29 left and 30 right). Verbal and non-verbal intelligence and memory were tested pre-operatively and four weeks post operatively. Slight, non-significant differences between left and right cases pre operatively were added to by slight, non-significant differences in change across the operation, to produce some significant post-operative differences--right cases being significantly higher on verbal IQ and lower on non-verbal IQ, for example. Variation in cognitive outcome was related to certain subject variables. Those who showed no deterioration or more improvement across the operation tended to be younger, less intellectually able pre-operatively, had an earlier first seizure and an earlier onset of regular seizures. The implications of these results for a model of the effects of temporal lobectomy are discussed. PMID- 3924151 TI - Alzheimer's disease: the intersection of diagnosis, research, and long-term care. PMID- 3924153 TI - Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in childhood. AB - Eleven children with xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis are reported. The left side was affected in all patients. It is suggested that the diagnosis can be made pre-operatively. The condition is characterised by the fact that it is always unilateral and that renal calculi are found in a kidney with gross impairment of function; associated anaemia, leucocytosis and raised ESR are also present. The cause is unclear, but an obstructive element with infection is usually found. PMID- 3924152 TI - Prostaglandin formation by isolated gastric parietal and nonparietal cells of the rat. AB - Rat gastric cells isolated by pronase and subdivided by Percoll into 3 fractions (F1, F2, F3) were used to study prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) formation and, as an indirect measure of parietal cell H+ production, [14C]-aminopyrine uptake. Cells that had not been fractionated, with 20 to 25% parietal cells, contained at 0 degree C 1.7 +/- 0.35 (s.e.mean) ng PGE2 10(8) cells-1. During incubation at 37 degrees C these cells steadily synthesized up to 4.36 +/- 0.73 ng PGE2 10(8) cells-1 from endogenous substrate. Indomethacin in concentrations higher than 10( 6) mol 1(-1) inhibited this basal formation completely, but 10(-4) mol 1(-1) did not reduce the cellular PGE2 level below 1.4 +/- 0.2 ng 10(8) cells-1. Arachidonic acid in concentrations higher than 10(-5) mol 1(-1) evoked an abundant formation of PGE2, and 10(-4) mol 1(-1) built up a plateau of over 7.5 +/- 1.65 ng PGE2 10(8) cells-1 within 15 min. PGE2 formation in cell fractions increased significantly with the number of parietal cells per assay tube. Indomethacin (10(-8) to 10(-4) mol 1(-1] did not influence the histamine stimulated uptake of [14C]-aminopyrine, while arachidonic acid (10(-5) to 10(-4) mol 1(-1] inhibited this process. PGE2 formation in response to arachidonic acid was prevented by indomethacin, but the inhibition of aminopyrine uptake by arachidonic acid could not be prevented by indomethacin. The data suggest that isolated gastric cells of the rat sustain constant PGE2 synthesis in vitro, which is more pronounced in parietal than in mucosal and chief cells. PGE2 may exert different effects within distinct gastric cell types. PMID- 3924154 TI - Resuscitation needed for the curriculum? PMID- 3924155 TI - Infective endocarditis: a preventable disease? PMID- 3924156 TI - Changing overall workload in neonatal units. AB - An epidemiological study was carried out in the current Nottingham health district to determine changes in both neonatal unit workload and in the infants requiring neonatal care during two study periods. All admissions for 1977 and again for the 12 months 1 April 1983 to 31 March 1984 were reviewed. Total numbers of admissions have shown roughly a 50% reduction because of a more rigorous admission policy locally. The admissions of infants of 33 weeks' gestation or less have shown a significant increase, while the overall survival of infants less than 33 weeks' gestation has improved. PMID- 3924157 TI - A case-control study of cervical cancer screening in north east Scotland. AB - To estimate the relative risk of invasive cervical cancer in each succeeding year after a negative screening result the screening records of all women tested in the north east of Scotland were examined as the basis for a case-control study. The cases consisted of 115 women in whom invasive cervical cancer had been diagnosed in 1968-82 and who had appeared in the screening records at least once before diagnosis. For each patient five controls were selected from women of the same age who appeared in the screening records before the date of diagnosis in the patient. If the patient's cancer had been detected by screening the controls were chosen from women of the same age screened the same year. A comparison was made between cases and controls of the number of negative smears taken before the diagnosis. The results showed a high relative protection (inverse of the relative risk) in the first two years after a negative test, falling steadily as time since the last negative test elapsed. Even after 10 years, however, a considerable residual effect was observed. PMID- 3924158 TI - Predictive value of rectal bleeding in screening for rectal and sigmoid polyps. AB - Overt rectal bleeding is a common symptom of colorectal cancer and polyps but also occurs in apparently healthy people. It is not known how often this represents bleeding from an undiagnosed rectal or sigmoid polyp or cancer. Three hundred and nineteen apparently healthy men aged over 50, selected by random sampling, were interviewed and underwent flexible sigmoidoscopy to at least 30 cm. Polyps of 10 mm or more in diameter were diagnosed in 12, one of whom also had an adenocarcinoma. Rectal bleeding during the previous six months was reported by 48, four of whom were found to have polyps; seven polyps and one cancer were diagnosed among the 271 who reported no rectal bleeding. Rectal bleeding had a specificity of 86%, a sensitivity of 33%, and a positive predictive value of 8% for rectal or sigmoid polyps or cancer. Restricting the analysis to those subjects who regularly inspected their stools did not improve the predictive value. Sigmoidoscopy in apparently healthy subjects with rectal bleeding will not result in the diagnosis of appreciable numbers of rectal and sigmoid polyps or cancers. PMID- 3924159 TI - Adverse cardiovascular response to oral trimeprazine in children. PMID- 3924160 TI - Cardiopulmonary resuscitation skills of preregistration house officers. PMID- 3924161 TI - Delay in diagnosing testicular tumours. PMID- 3924162 TI - Illness among holidaymakers and the effect on a seaside practice. AB - Between 1 May and 30 September 1983 a practice of three doctors in the centre of Scarborough conducted 1772 consultations with 1472 temporary residents, 967 (55%) of which were during July and August. The pattern of illness differed considerably from that usually found in general practice, with an excess of minor infections, gastrointestinal upsets, and skin problems comprising 46% of the consultations. Practitioners who care for appreciable numbers of temporary residents should plan their services to match the special needs of holidaymakers. The task of doctors in areas with many visitors would be made easier if patients who are on regular medication or are under surveillance brought with them not only enough drugs for their needs but also a summary of their medical history. PMID- 3924163 TI - The case for small practices. PMID- 3924164 TI - Exaggerated responsiveness to thyrotrophin releasing hormone: a risk factor in women with coronary artery disease. AB - Thyroid function tests were performed and thyroid antibodies and serum cholesterol concentrations measured in 12 women aged 60 years or under with severe coronary artery disease proved by coronary angiography. This group was compared with 11 women with normal coronary angiography. Ten out of the 12 women with coronary artery disease had an exaggerated response of thyroid stimulating hormone to thyrotrophin releasing hormone compared with two out of 11 controls (p less than 0.008). The mean serum cholesterol concentration was significantly higher in those with coronary artery disease than in the controls. Thyroid antibodies were present in four of those with coronary artery disease and one of the controls. There was no difference in the risk factors for coronary artery disease between the two groups except for cigarette smoking. Eleven out of 12 in the coronary artery disease group smoked cigarettes compared with four out of 11 in the control group (p less than 0.01). Minimal impairment of thyroid function is an important risk factor for coronary artery disease in women. PMID- 3924165 TI - Legislation for smoking control in Western Australia. AB - This historical analysis of public issues relating to smoking control in Western Australia examines relevant Western Australian state and Australian federal laws, their introduction, and their consequences. Public and political support and opinion led by the health professions resulted in two attempts to legislate against all forms of cigarette advertising in 1982 and 1983. Both attempts failed, and public support for such measures has been seen to be affected by the campaigns mounted in opposition by the tobacco and advertising industries. Other smoking control measures which have been successfully introduced in 1983 and 1984 are higher tobacco taxes and a comprehensive coordinated public education and information programme. The activities associated with the legislative initiatives resulted in a greatly increased level of community awareness of the dangers of smoking and acceptance of the need for some action on this major health problem. PMID- 3924166 TI - Erectile impotence. PMID- 3924167 TI - Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Head and neck cancer. PMID- 3924168 TI - "It's all too subjective": scepticism about the possibility or use of philosophical medical ethics. PMID- 3924169 TI - Joint British Paediatric Association and Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre surveillance scheme for haemorrhagic shock encephalopathy syndrome: surveillance report for 1982-4. PMID- 3924171 TI - Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy: the first 50 patients treated in Britain. PMID- 3924170 TI - Severe extravasation injury: an avoidable iatrogenic disaster? PMID- 3924172 TI - Blood pressure after operation. PMID- 3924173 TI - Pneumococcal bacteraemia. PMID- 3924174 TI - Cancer, chemotherapy, and fertility. PMID- 3924175 TI - Invasive cervical cancer and combined oral contraceptives. PMID- 3924176 TI - Occult advanced cervical cancer. PMID- 3924178 TI - Drugs taken by mothers in the puerperium. PMID- 3924177 TI - Chinese and Vietnamese families. PMID- 3924179 TI - Nurses: an underused resource. PMID- 3924180 TI - Screening of diabetics for retinopathy by ophthalmic opticians. PMID- 3924181 TI - Diagnosis by bronchoalveolar lavage of cause of pulmonary infiltrates in haematological malignancies. PMID- 3924182 TI - Nephrotic syndrome during treatment with interferon. PMID- 3924183 TI - Osteomalacia presenting as pathological fractures during pregnancy in Asian women of high social class. PMID- 3924184 TI - What do community health doctors do? Survey of their work in the child health service in Nottinghamshire. PMID- 3924185 TI - Some guidelines to the use of topical corticosteroids. PMID- 3924187 TI - Two cheers for the computer? PMID- 3924186 TI - Home nebulisers for airflow limitation. PMID- 3924188 TI - Domiciliary nebulisers in asthma: a district survey. AB - Fifty three patients who were found to be using a home nebuliser for asthma completed a questionnaire. The results showed some confusion about the criteria for recommending whether a patient should buy a nebuliser and for its correct use. Twelve patients had not received any instruction on the use of their nebuliser, and only 11 of those old enough used a peak flow meter in conjunction with it. Eight patients aged 7-15 were using inhaled sympathomimetic aerosols only at the time of buying a nebuliser as compared with most of the older patients, who were using regular oral steroids. Forty nine patients assessed their asthma as moderate to severe, but eight of these were not attending a hospital clinic. Several patients were using 20 mg salbutamol or more every day, and on occasion doses of up to 50 mg a day were reported. It is recommended that patients should be assessed before they buy a nebuliser and advice given on correct use by a district nebuliser service, organised either by respiratory function technicians or in physiotherapy departments for adults together with a paediatric health visitor for children. PMID- 3924189 TI - Serum aluminium concentration and aluminium deposits in bone in patients receiving haemodialysis. AB - Serum aluminium concentrations and biopsy specimens of bone were examined in 56 patients with end stage chronic renal failure receiving maintenance haemodialysis. Deposits of aluminium in bone specimens were often associated with low bone formation with or without osteomalacia. Serum aluminium concentrations of greater than 3.7 mumol/l (10 micrograms/100 ml) indicated a high probability of deposits of aluminium in bone specimens, although high serum concentrations did not predict the type of renal bone disease. Biopsy of the bone is the best method of detecting aluminium intoxication of bone. A serum aluminium concentration of 3.7 mumol/l should be the threshold beyond which bone biopsy should be performed to confirm an overload of aluminium and identify histological bone changes induced by aluminium. PMID- 3924190 TI - Risk factors for death in complicated diarrhoea of children. AB - A total of 1330 children with complicated diarrhoea who were admitted to the general ward of the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research, Bangladesh Health Complex, during 1979 were examined. The risk of death by complication of diarrhoea, aetiology, age, and nutritional state was analysed by a logit regression model. Serum sodium concentration and coma were found to be significant predictors of death, death being related directly to coma and inversely to serum sodium concentration. An earlier study had shown that the incidence of hyponatraemia was directly related to the degree of malnutrition, but the results of logit regression analysis did not show the nutritional state to be a predictor of death. Owing to lack of data, however, serum albumin concentration could not be taken as a variable in the logit regression analysis. To determine the relation of serum albumin concentration to hyponatraemia and the cause of death in hyponatraemia further prospective studies would be necessary. PMID- 3924192 TI - Effect of seat belts on injuries to front and rear seat passengers. AB - Data on 2520 occupants of cars involved in accidents were analysed in relation to injury and the severity of the crash to investigate the effect of rear seat passengers on injury to restrained and unrestrained front seat occupants and vice versa. Unrestrained front seat occupants showed a higher incidence of serious injury when there were rear seat passengers. The presence of a rear seat passenger did not affect significantly the overall incidence of injury among restrained front seat occupants within the range of crash severity considered. Unrestrained rear seat passengers behind unrestrained front seat occupants showed a higher incidence of moderate injury and a lower incidence of no injury than those behind restrained front seat occupants. It is concluded that legislation on seat belts has not greatly increased the risk of person to person injury. PMID- 3924191 TI - Progesterone and the premenstrual syndrome: a double blind crossover trial. AB - A double blind, randomised, crossover trial of oral micronised progesterone (two months) and placebo (two months) was conducted to determine whether progesterone alleviated premenstrual complaints. Twenty three women were interviewed premenstrually before treatment and in each month of treatment. They completed Moos's menstrual distress questionnaire, Beck et al's depression inventory, Spielberger et al's state anxiety inventory, the mood adjective checklist, and a daily symptom record. Analyses of data found an overall beneficial effect of being treated for all variables except restlessness, positive moods, and interest in sex. Maximum improvement occurred in the first month of treatment with progesterone. Nevertheless, an appreciably beneficial effect of progesterone over placebo for mood and some physical symptoms was identifiable after both one and two months of treatment. Further studies are needed to determine the optimum duration of treatment. PMID- 3924193 TI - Accidental digitalis poisoning due to drinking herbal tea. PMID- 3924195 TI - Cluster headache and herpes simplex: an association? PMID- 3924194 TI - Treatment of a phaeochromocytoma of the urinary bladder with nifedipine. PMID- 3924196 TI - Viral infection during chemotherapy for breast cancer. PMID- 3924197 TI - Use of sutures or adhesive tapes for primary closure of pretibial lacerations. PMID- 3924198 TI - Active approach to recognising asthma in general practice. AB - The general practice medical records of 214 children born in 1977 were scrutinised for a diagnosis of asthma. In 18 (8%) of these a diagnosis of asthma had been entered. Using a scoring system based on the medical record a further group of children who were thought likely to have undiagnosed asthma was exercise tested. Twelve children (6%) had demonstrable exercise induced asthma. In addition, seven children (3%) had both frequent respiratory symptoms and borderline exercise test results, indicating that they too had clinically important airways obstruction. As expected, histories of atopic eczema, nocturnal cough, persistent cough (more than one week), and wheezing appeared often in the medical records of the children with asthma. In combinations these diagnostic clues were more than 50% predictive of asthma. A more active approach in general practice to the diagnosis of asthma in children is both necessary and possible. PMID- 3924199 TI - Diabetes care: whose responsibility? PMID- 3924200 TI - Drugs prescribed for self poisoners. AB - Of 230 adults admitted for self poisoning over two months, 153 (67%) had previously been taking a total of 309 prescribed drugs. Of these patients, 119 (78%) had been given psychotropic drugs (usually benzodiazepines), 81 (53%) obtained them on repeat prescription, and 47 (31%) had been prescribed multiple psychotropic drugs, often in seemingly illogical combinations. The use of these drugs increased progressively with age and most patients took the same drugs in overdosage as they had been prescribed. Psychotropic drugs were prescribed for more than a third of patients with no psychiatric illness and a normal personality, nearly half of those with existing alcohol or drug abuse problems, and for most of the unemployed. Fewer than a third of the patients suffering from depression were prescribed antidepressants but half had been given benzodiazepines and other potentially depressing drugs. Psychotropic drug use, psychotropic polypharmacy, and the repeat prescribing of these drugs were strongly associated with repeated overdosage and, under certain circumstances, with personality disorder, alcohol or drug abuse, unemployment, and conflict with the law. In the long term psychotropic drugs are unlikely to benefit most self poisoners, and they may do positive harm by inducing apathy and depression and predisposing to self poisoning. The incidence of self poisoning (and repeat overdosage in particular) might be reduced by more care and restraint in the prescribing of these drugs. PMID- 3924201 TI - Impact of whooping cough on patients and their families. AB - The effects of whooping cough were studied in 21 children admitted to hospital with the disease and in their families. The illness caused considerable distress to both child and family. Parents suffered especially from fears for the life and health of their child and from serious loss of sleep. Two months after admission the child's behaviour was still disturbed, but in most cases the rest of the family had returned to normal. There was much misunderstanding and misinformation about whooping cough among both parents and doctors. PMID- 3924202 TI - Should all casualty radiographs be reviewed? AB - The effect on the management of patients of routine reporting of casualty radiographs by radiologists was reviewed. The overall prevalence of error by casualty doctors was 6.2%. Many of these errors, however, were trivial and did not alter treatment. In only 1.1% of the cases reviewed did the report of x ray films appreciably alter the management of the patient. A severity score was introduced to highlight those anatomical areas in which important lesions were overlooked most often. Radiologists' reports on radiographs of the chest, face, skull, and wrist had the greatest effect on management of patients, while reports on radiographs of fingers, hands, shoulders, long bones, and toes seldom altered treatment. PMID- 3924203 TI - Training needs of postgraduates in dental general anaesthesia. AB - Questionnaires given to 25 dentists and eight doctors attending a course on dental general anaesthesia showed that only four of the eight doctors had a diploma in anaesthetics. One of the doctors and eight of the dentists had had no postgraduate instruction in anaesthesia. More short courses of postgraduate instruction should be provided and some of these should be designed for the team of dental operator, anaesthetist, and dental surgery assistant. PMID- 3924204 TI - Focal liver lesions: a plan for management. AB - A management plan for patients with suspected focal liver lesions which avoids early biopsy includes routine laboratory investigations, ultrasound scanning, and assessment for evidence of extrahepatic metastases and non-hepatic primary tumours. Angiography and computed tomography may also be indicated, and laparotomy or laparoscopy is undertaken to assess any potentially resectable focal liver lesions. The plan requires modification to suit individual circumstances. PMID- 3924205 TI - To what do we have moral obligations and why? I. PMID- 3924207 TI - Plastic and reconstructive surgery. The hand--I. PMID- 3924206 TI - Haematuria in patients with haemostatic defects. PMID- 3924208 TI - Radial keratotomy. PMID- 3924209 TI - AIDS and class II microbiological safety cabinets. PMID- 3924210 TI - Prognostic indicators in breast cancer. PMID- 3924211 TI - Central accountability and local decision making: towards a new NHS. PMID- 3924212 TI - The political argument on health costs. PMID- 3924213 TI - Non-cemented hip prostheses. PMID- 3924214 TI - Clinical heart and lung transplantation. PMID- 3924215 TI - Therapeutic ranges in anticoagulant administration. PMID- 3924217 TI - Obesity: new insight into the anthropometric classification of fat distribution shown by computed tomography. AB - Twenty eight women presenting for routine computed tomography had their waist, hip, and thigh circumferences measured. The ratio of the area of intra-abdominal fat to the area of subcutaneous fat shown in the computed tomogram taken at the umbilical level was calculated and found to correlate highly significantly with the ratio of waist to hip circumference. The correlation between these two ratios remained significant after allowing for the degree of obesity (weight (kg)/height (m)2) and age. In contrast, there was no significant correlation between the ratio of intra-abdominal to subcutaneous fat and degree of obesity. A high ratio of waist to hip circumference has been shown to be associated with a high proportion of intra-abdominal fat. Thus women with a centralised distribution of fat (high waist to hip ratio: "apples") tend to have a greater proportion of their fat in the intra-abdominal depot than do women with a peripheral fat distribution (low waist to hip ratio: "pears"). The metabolic complications of obesity, which are associated with a high ratio of waist to hip circumference, may therefore relate specifically to the amount of intra-abdominal fat. PMID- 3924216 TI - Influence of insulin antibodies on pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of recombinant human and highly purified beef insulins in insulin dependent diabetics. AB - Sixteen insulin dependent diabetics of long standing, with undetectable fasting plasma C peptide concentrations, and eight non-diabetic controls were each infused intravenously with biosynthetic human and highly purified beef insulin (1 mU/kg/min) while euglycaemia was maintained by a Biostator. No difference was observed between the two insulins in respect of insulin pharmacokinetics or biological action. The diabetics showed appreciable insulin resistance, manifested by a 40% reduction in the rate of insulin mediated glucose disposal, which was unrelated to the presence of insulin antibodies. Insulin binding antibodies, however, increased insulin's clearance rate and distribution space and prolonged its pharmacological and biological half lives. The rate at which insulin action was lost, after an intravenous infusion, was more rapid in diabetics without insulin antibody binding than in controls. In respect of their influence on insulin pharmacokinetics, moderate concentrations of insulin antibodies may be of positive advantage to all diabetics without endogenous insulin secretion and are not responsible for the insulin resistance of type 1 diabetes. PMID- 3924218 TI - Complications of ileal conduit diversion in adults with cancer followed up for at least five years. AB - A total of 111 adults with malignant disease of the bladder were studied to determine the long term complications of ileal conduit diversion. Each patient had survived at least five years (mean 10 years) after cystectomy. At final follow up the radiological appearance of one or both kidneys had deteriorated in 50 (47%) of 107 patients: deterioration worsened significantly (p less than 0.01) with increasing duration of follow up. Eighteen patients (16%) developed biochemical evidence of impaired renal function, of whom four died of complications of renal failure. Bilateral upper tract dilatation was noted in 30 patients (28%), and in 21 its cause was obscure. Ten patients formed renal stones, and an additional 12 required further operations on the conduit or stoma. Despite the age of patients with bladder cancer and the poor prognosis of those with invasive tumours clinically important side effects were observed in a significant proportion of the long term survivors. Further efforts to determine the aetiology of upper tract dilatation in patients with an ileal conduit diversion are justified. PMID- 3924219 TI - Effects of age, cigarette smoking, and other factors on fertility: findings in a large prospective study. AB - Of 17 032 women taking part in the Oxford Family Planning Association contraceptive study, 4104 stopped using a birth control method to plan a pregnancy on a total of 6199 occasions. The influence of various factors on fertility in these women was assessed by measuring the time taken to give birth to a child. An appreciable inverse relation was observed between age at stopping contraception and fertility both in nulliparous and parous women, but the effect was much greater in the nulliparous women. The most important finding was a consistent and highly significant trend of decreasing fertility with increasing numbers of cigarettes smoked per day; it was estimated that five years after stopping contraception 10.7% of smokers smoking more than 20 cigarettes a day, but only 5.4% of non-smokers, remained undelivered. Some relation was found between fertility and social class, age at marriage, and a history of gynaecological disease, but weight, height, and Quetelet's index were without noticeable effect. PMID- 3924221 TI - Chest physiotherapy in primary pneumonia. AB - One hundred and seventy one patients with primary pneumonia entered a single blind, placebo controlled trial of physiotherapy. Treatment was allocated at random, physiotherapy consisting of postural drainage, external help with breathing, percussion, and vibration and the controls receiving advice on expectoration, deep breathing, and how to exercise to avoid thrombosis. Principles of pharmaceutical management were the same in the two groups. There was no objective evidence that daily physiotherapy helped during the acute phase of the disease. On the contrary, in younger patients, smokers, and patients with interstitial pneumonia physiotherapy appeared to prolong the duration of fever as well as the hospital stay. It is concluded that chest physiotherapy is at best useless in patients with primary infectious pneumonia. PMID- 3924220 TI - Abnormalities in vascular arachidonic acid metabolism in the infant of the diabetic mother. AB - The infant of the diabetic mother has an increased incidence of thromboses in utero and in the neonatal period. In the adult with diabetes a decrease in prostacyclin formation has been suggested as a cause for the atherothrombotic tendency. We therefore evaluated arachidonic acid metabolism in infants of diabetic mothers. Endogenous radioimmunoassayable 6-keto prostaglandin F1 alpha (PGF1 alpha) was normal in umbilical vessels obtained from the infants of diabetic mothers whose glucose homoeostasis was maintained when compared with control values. Nevertheless, a significant inhibition of vascular production of 6-keto PGF1 alpha was observed in infants born to mothers with raised HbA1C concentrations. A decrease in the concentration of plasma 6-keto PGF1 alpha was also seen in the infants of diabetic mothers when compared with control neonates. The correlation observed between plasma 6-keto PGF1 alpha concentrations and endogenous vascular prostacyclin formation in the infants of diabetic mothers indicates that the in vitro deficiency of prostacyclin formation reflects a concomitant in vivo abnormality. PMID- 3924222 TI - Chronic myeloid leukemia associated with impairment of hearing. PMID- 3924223 TI - Rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure in sickle cell anaemia.